bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of information about prior use on consumers' evaluations of refurbished electronics
Authors: Mugge R.  , de Jong W.  , Person O.  , Hultink E.J.
Published: February 2025

Refurbishment – the process of collecting used products, assessing their condition, and replacing and/or upgrading parts in order to resell them to other consumers – is increasingly seen as both economically and environmentally advantageous. The present research investigates in an experimental study and with qualitative post-hoc interviews how information about prior use – offered in either a visual (signs of wear and tear) or verbal (textual description) form – influences consumers' evaluations of refurbished products. The findings show that providing consumers with information about the prior use of refurbished electronics does not have a univocal effect on consumers' evaluations of such products. Visual information about prior use, in terms of signs of wear and tear, has a negative effect on consumers' evaluations of refurbished electronics. Furthermore, presenting consumers with verbal information on prior use can negatively affect consumers' evaluations of a refurbished if no signs of wear and tear are present because it confuses consumers. If signs of wear and tear are present, verbal information about prior use will not influence consumers' evaluations.
How modularity of electronic functions can lead to longer product lifetimes
Authors: Nissen N.F.  , Schischke K.  , Proske M.  , Ballester M.  , Lang K.-D.
Published: February 2025

Although electronics are not the cause of the biggest environmental concerns in absolute terms, they receive special attention, because the impact per unit can be very high even for small devices and because electronics pervade our everyday life and our business life. Since a huge amount of resources is embedded in the products as they are delivered to the market, extending the product use time is for many product categories a primary ecodesign improvement option. Yet there are many obstacles to simply making products more robust and longer lasting – and to adapt the user behaviour and the business models to these potentially higher priced products. It is therefore worthwhile to rethink product concepts for the circular economy by using modularity to achieve better repair, better upgradability and in general a better customisation to the changing needs along a chain of ownership.
Promoting circular innovation through innovation networks: the case of cradle to cradle certified products
Authors: Schmitt J.  , Hansen E.G.
Published: February 2025

As advancement of sustainability-oriented innovation, circular innovation addresses not only the lacking environmental challenge integration but adopts a life cycle perspective. As a product design concept for the circular economy, Cradle to Cradle promotes closed biological and technical loops. We make use of the promotor network theory for understanding how companies collaborate in an innovation network for overcoming innovation barriers and successfully developing circular products. By conducting a longitudinal in-depth case study on a cradle to cradle pioneer company in the consumables industry, we find that cradle to cradle innovators collaborate tightly on the company, supplier and linking levels. Furthermore, these companies are characterised by excellent communication structures between the various promoters in the innovation network.
Personalisation from a design practice perspective
Authors: Bernabei R.  , Power J.
Published: February 2025

The Internet is facilitating new ways of designing, manufacturing and distributing products. This has led to a more democratic, open-design approach and has resulted in users having more involvement in the design process than ever before. In particular, designers are shifting away from designing a finished product, to either designing components, a template or a set of tools which the user interacts with to finalise and/or personalise the product. This way of approaching design is still in its infancy. The authors' have termed this design framework, as it applies within product design, ‘user-completion’.
Consumer complaint deadlines and product durability: the role of law and regulation
Authors: Strandbakken P.
Published: February 2025

Under Norwegian law, the consumer has a right to complain about a product up to five years after purchase, if the product has an average life expectancy of more than two years. This means that producers' liability in Norway is valid for a longer period than in most of the EU, where the consumers' right to redress expires after two years. SIFO is doing a project for the Norwegian Ministry of Consumer Affairs (BLD), in order to assess if this difference in consumer protection influences product durability in the Norwegian market. Is there a correlation between liability period and product life span, and if so, to what degree? One hypothesis might be that the size of the market is too small (with only 5 million inhabitants) for importers and producers to take national regulation of this sort into account. In order to address these questions, we intend to perform three empirical work packages: (1) A check on how many cases handled by the Norwegian Consumer Council that the complaining consumer could not have raised if the country had had a two-year liability; (2) A survey on consumers' knowledge of their rights; and (3) Informant or stakeholder interviews with a number of importers and producers to figure out if they put extra emphasis on durability in the Norwegian market as a result of the five year liability. We will also build on previous research into product durability, performed at the institute since the late seventies.
Taking good care: investigating consumer attitudes to product maintenance
Authors: Young G.
Published: February 2025

Building on the work undertaken in the ‘Caring Project’ (Gwilt, Leaver, Fisher, Young. 2015), this secondary inquiry seeks to ascertain specific aspects of maintenance practices that are employed by users and to understand the drivers behind some of the key decisions taken when maintaining products. Through an empirical study that involved gathering data using methods including a survey, observations and cultural probes, the findings reveal some of the motivations behind the choices of those who self-maintain and those who choose to have that work carried out by a service provider. Moreover some insight into the prompts that trigger why users instigate product maintenance, and the equipment selected and used in the maintenance of common objects are also discussed. These initial insights support the potential for a larger study with the ultimate aim of influencing designers and manufacturers in the development of longer lasting products.
Options for lifetime labeling: design, scope and consumer interfaces
Authors: Dalhammar C.  , Luth Richter J.
Published: February 2025

In the context of the Circular Economy, there is a lot of discussion on how policies at European Union and member state levels could provide incentives for the design of more durable products. One potential policy approach is to mandate manufacturers to provide lifetime information to consumers at the time of purchase. This could be done through a specific labeling scheme, or by including such information in the mandatory energy labeling scheme. However, the concept of lifetime is far from straightforward, and it is crucial to analyze the type of product and user patterns if such labeling is to be adopted. In this paper we outline some of the policy options and the issues that must be taken into consideration.
Consumer expectations of product lifetimes around the world: a review of global research findings and methods
Authors: Gnanapragasam A.  , Oguchi M.  , Cole C.  , Cooper T.
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the findings of research to identify and evaluate current studies into consumer expectations of product lifetimes across durable goods. Following a literature review, studies were classified using a product categorisation scheme formulated at Nottingham Trent University and a product lifetime expectations typology adapted from Oguchi et al. (2016a) was developed. The results would appear to suggest that consumer expectations of product lifetimes are in decline, and that those in the United Kingdom appear to be lower than those in other parts of the world. However, identifying differences in consumer expectations of product lifetimes is hindered by the different methods employed in studies, as face-to-face interviews, and online, telephone and postal studies all have the potential to produce different results. Three key challenges to furthering research into consumer expectations of product lifetimes were identified: Product coverage, definitions of consumer expectations and sampling strategies. Only if these challenges can be addressed will researchers be able to draw meaningful conclusions on both personal and cultural trends in expected product lifetimes and make a positive contribution to addressing both material and social aspects of the circular economy.
Satisfaction matters: design that learns from users' sensory and emotional responses to clothing
Authors: Burcikova M.
Published: February 2025

Researchers across disciplines increasingly acknowledge that embracing the multi-sensory character of everyday perception can provide invaluable insights for social and design interventions that aim to improve the experience of products and services. Where fashion design traditionally focuses on the aesthetic, visual side of design, empirical studies prove that the way clothes feel, sound, or smell, is equally important for the way they are experienced and appreciated in everyday use. The aim of this paper is therefore to explore how users' sensory engagement with clothing can inform the creative practice of designers who wish to design for continuity and increased user satisfaction. Satisfaction with a garment often leads to its repeated use and accumulation of pleasurable memories that can both positively influence the active lifetime of the garment. The paper draws on my on-going PhD research and presents initial findings of the second phase of my project (in-progress), which consists of a series of wardrobe studies conducted in participant's homes. The results so far indicate that sensory experiences connected with clothing, although rarely explicitly acknowledged by users, can significantly affect user satisfaction and therefore deserve a greater attention in the context of sustainable design and design for longevity.
Towards more circular office fit-outs: a socio-technical descriptive framework of office fit-out processes
Authors: Casas-Arredondo M.  , Croxford B.  , Domenech T.
Published: February 2025

The built environment is the most resource intensive sector of the economy, accounting for a significant share of the extracted materials and the total waste generated. Within the built environment the most recurrent replacements of building materials and components take place during fit-outs, which are the process of installing interior fittings, fixtures and finishes. These materials and components are frequently replaced in non-domestic buildings.
Is ownership the issue? The role of responsibility in determining public acceptance of product-services systems
Authors: Cherry C.E.  , Pidgeon N.F.
Published: February 2025

Product-service systems (PSS) have been proposed as one approach towards increasing product longevity and achieving a more sustainable, low-carbon economy. Encompassing a range of different strategies – including extended producer responsibility, repair and remanufacturing, product renting and sharing schemes, and pay-per-use services – PSS often include a shift to access-based consumption, where the product is no longer owned by the consumer. We propose that the shift in ownership, and thus the location of responsibility for products, may play a role in public acceptance of these schemes. We conducted a series of four two-day workshops with members of the public (n=51), to explore this issue, using deliberative techniques to explore public perceptions of product-service systems. Two scenarios and materials were presented, describing different forms of PSS with different arrangements for ownership and responsibility for products. Overall, we found that while participants were not explicitly concerned with the lack of ownership of products under these schemes, the redistribution of responsibility that accompanied this was a serious concern. This was often rooted in a lack of trust in businesses, as well as other consumers, and led to a range of conditions being placed on participation in PSS. As such, the successful introduction of product-service systems will only be possible if careful consideration is given, not only to price and affordability, but also to deeply held values pertaining to trust and responsibility.
Pilling in knitwear: a clothing longevity problem beyond design
Authors: Claxton S.  , Cooper T.  , Goworek H.  , Hill H.  , McLaren A.  , Oxborrow L.
Published: February 2025

The environmental impact of clothing could be reduced by extending garment lifetimes, and many clothing retailers are now exploring design for longevity as a sustainable approach. In order for products to meet durable design standards consistently, global supply chain processes must be managed and controlled to avoid quality problems and early product failure. This paper uses a single case study to explore the challenges of meeting specified durable product standards in production by tracing and observing the identification and resolution of a quality issue affecting the durability of luxury knitwear. The research demonstrates that new tests and processes could enable durable products to be produced more consistently, but also identifies the obstacles and limitations to implementing these enhanced procedures. The paper proposes that effective production management of durable clothing may be more difficult within global supply chains where differences in business culture, operational practice and knowledge exist between companies. Supply chain models that emphasise shared values, knowledge and information exchange, trust and collaboration are considered as the most effective in delivering sustainable products. It concludes by identifying a range of conflicting priorities between commercial and sustainable practice that must be addressed to achieve consistency in durable clothing production, and makes recommendations for industry and future research.
Dimensions of sustainable behaviour in a circular economy context
Authors: Daae J.  , Chamberlin L.  , Boks C.
Published: February 2025

Although Design for Sustainable Behaviour research has seen increasing attention over the last decade, limited attention has been directed towards behaviours relevant for a circular economy. To investigate this shortcoming, this paper collected empirical examples that reflect where these two research fields meet. The result of this analysis is presented as a grid consisting of nine dimensions of behaviour change (control, obtrusiveness, timing, exposure, meaning, importance, direction, encouragement and empathy) and four goals for circular economy (maintenance, reuse, refurbishment and recycling). The collection of behaviour change principles shows that examples for almost all combinations exist, with least being identified for refurbishment and most for recycling. This insight does not only give an indication on where attention has been directed previously, but also suggests areas where there may be a need for further development of behaviour principles. The overview of examples of behaviour changing principles related to circular economy may also foster inspiration among practitioners both within Design for Sustainable Behaviour and circular economy.
A Core Pattern for Events
Authors: Krisnadhi Adila  , Hitzler Pascal
Published: February 2025

In our experience, the modeling of events of all sorts is often central in ontology development. Indeed, many proposals for models of events exist, some in the form of lightweight vocabulary, and some in the form elaborately axiomatized ontologies. However, there is as of now no clear, generic, and concisely described pattern for modeling events as part of an ontology. In this brief paper, we describe such a core, minimalistic, generic pattern, and we describe it in the way in which we would have found it useful in our own modeling activities. We do not claim a lot of originality in doing this, we are rather filling an obvious gap in the ontology design patterns landscape.
The Stub Metapattern
Authors: Krisnadhi Adila  , Hitzler Pascal
Published: February 2025

We present a minimalistic metapattern which we call the Stub pattern. It acts as a type of placeholder for future extensions of an ontology in cases where a more fine-grained modeling would currently be counterproductive, but future extensions may call for more details. We motivate the Stub pattern, define it, and provide examples.
An Algorithm, Implementation and Execution Ontology Design Pattern
Authors: Ławrynowicz Agnieszka  , Esteves Diego  , Panov Panče  , Soru Tommaso  , Džeroski Sašo  , Vanschoren Joaquin
Published: February 2025

This chapter describes an ontology design pattern for modeling algorithms, their implementations and executions. This pattern is derived from the research results on data mining/machine learning ontologies, but is more generic. We argue that the proposed pattern will foster the development of standards in order to achieve a high level of interoperability among in silico scientific experiments. We describe the intent of the pattern, provide competency questions and the pattern formalization. We also present an example instantiation of the pattern in the machine learning domain.
Who Is Your Doctor? Analysis of Patient-Reported and EHR-Imputed Primary Care Physician
Authors: He Shan  , Dintelman Sue  , Sangster Jake  , Mann Darren K.  , Guillerm Thierry  , Thornton Sidney N.
Published: February 2025

Significant efforts have been made to improve physician-to-physician communication and care coordination during transition of care in order to reduce adverse events and readmissions. As electronic health records (EHRs) become widely available, many hospitals have implemented physician collaboration and hand-off tools to automatically send admission notifications, discharge summaries, and pending laboratory results to a patient's primary care physician (PCP). However, the effectiveness of such tools depends on a fundamental question that remains unstudied: who is the patient's PCP? Missing or outdated PCP information may become the bottleneck to effective patient-centered care coordination regardless of existing efforts on promoting interoperability among healthcare providers. In this paper, we characterized patient-reported PCPs and experimented with an imputation algorithm that automatically infers a patient's primary provider based on patient-provider encounter data. We compared the imputation results with patient-reported PCPs and suggested practical uses of our findings.
The Diffusion of mHealth Applications
Authors: Gallos Parisis  , Mantas John
Published: February 2025

The aim of this preliminary study is to present the usage behaviour of mHealth applications. A survey was conducted among 352 Smartphone users; 109 of them had used mHealth applications as well. The usage of these applications seemed to be quite low. Young people had used mHealth applications more than the elders. Also, there was not found a statistically significant relationship between the gender and the usage of mHealth applications.
“Big Clinical Data” Analysis of Intravenous to Oral Conversions of Non-Antimicrobials
Authors: Beeler Patrick E.  , Bates David W.  , Blaser Jürg
Published: February 2025

Advantages of early intravenous (IV) to oral (PO) switches of antimicrobials are well known. Yet, little data have been published on reasonable IV-to-PO switches of other drug classes, although interventions to promote early IV-to-PO conversions may further increase patient safety and decrease costs. We therefore analyzed IV-to-PO switches of non-antimicrobials.
Extracting Predictive Indicator for Prognosis of Cerebral Infarction Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Nohara Yasunobu  , Matsumoto Koutarou  , Nakashima Naoki
Published: February 2025

Identifying important predicative indicators for prognosis is useful since these factors help for understanding diseases and determining treatments for patients. We extracted important factors for prognosis of cerebral infarction from EHR. We analyzed EHR data of 1,697 patients with 1,602 variables using gradient boosting decision tree. Extracted factors include not only well-known factors such as NIHSS but also new factors such as albumin-globulin ratio.
Health Digital Divide in the Era of Precision Healthcare: Taking Yunnan Province as an Example
Authors: Peng Yan  , Yan Li  , Kuanghua Liuwang  , Tang Guozheng
Published: February 2025

With healthcare coming into the era of Precision Healthcare, it will facilitate the development of health informatics from information processing, integration, analysis, application and other uses. If we ignore the e-health development of developing areas, it will bring a health digital divide. This study takes Yunnan province as an example, and analyzes the problems of e-health development in a developing area, hoping to get more attention from researchers and regulators.
Key Factors for the Successful Adoption of IS/IT in Healthcare: A Fit-Viability Perspective
Authors: Wickramasinghe Nilmini  , Haddad Peter  , Muhammad Imran
Published: February 2025

The adoption of clinical information systems by healthcare organizations has become a strategic necessity today. For these situations to be successful, their fit becomes an important consideration. This research-in-progress study assesses the fit of three different clinical information systems in an Australian private not-for-profit healthcare group, and the readiness of this organization to adopt these systems. In so doing, it identifies key factors for the successful adoption of IS/IT in healthcare contexts. The study adopts a mixed methods approach using semi-structured interviews and an online survey.
An Architecture for Semantically Interoperable Electronic Health Records
Authors: Toffanello André  , Gonçalves Ricardo  , Kitajima Adriana  , Puttini Ricardo  , Aguiar Atualpa
Published: February 2025

Despite the increasing adhesion of electronic health records, the challenge of semantic interoperability remains unsolved. The fact that different parties can exchange messages does not mean they can understand the underlying clinical meaning, therefore, it cannot be assumed or treated as a requirement. This work introduces an architecture designed to achieve semantic interoperability, in a way which organizations that follow different policies may still share medical information through a common infrastructure comparable to an ecosystem, whose organisms are exemplified within the Brazilian scenario. Nonetheless, the proposed approach describes a service-oriented design with modules adaptable to different contexts. We also discuss the establishment of an enterprise service bus to mediate a health infrastructure defined on top of international standards, such as openEHR and IHE. Moreover, we argue that, in order to achieve truly semantic interoperability in a wide sense, a proper profile must be published and maintained.
Predicting Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure Patients Using Different Frailty Status Measures
Authors: Cheng Yan  , Shao Yijun  , Weir Charlene R.  , Shah Rashmee U.  , Bray Bruce E.  , Garvin Jennifer H.  , Zeng-Treitler Qing
Published: February 2025

Frailty is an important outcome predictor in older patients. We randomly sampled 12,000 veterans with heart failure diagnosed in 2010. The topic modeling method was applied to identify frailty-related topics from the clinical notes in the electronic medical records. The frailty topics were classified into five deficit areas including physical functioning (PF), role-physical (RP), general health (GH), social functioning (SF), and mental health (MH). We experimented with different covariates and four different frailty measures: individual frailty topics, number of distinct frailty topics, a dichotomous deficit category, and the number of distinct deficits, respectively. A total of 8,531 (71.1%) patients had at least one frailty topic. The prevalence of GH, PF, MH, SF, and RP deficits were 89.0%, 61.3%, 56.9%, 40.6%, and 9.5%, respectively. PF deficits (yes/no) and the number of distinct deficits were the most consistent, significant predictors of adverse outcomes of rehosptalization or death.
A Data-Driven Decision-Support Tool for Population Health Policies
Authors: Chorev Michal  , Shpigelman Lavi  , Bak Peter  , Yaeli Avi  , Michael Edwin  , Goldschmidt Ya'ara
Published: February 2025

Epidemiological models are key tools in assessing intervention policies for population health management. Statistical models, fitted with survey or health system data, can be combined with lab and field studies to provide reliable predictions of future population-level disease dynamics distributions and the effects of interventions. All too often, however, the end result of epidemiological modeling and cost-effectiveness studies is in the form of a report or journal paper. These are inherently limited in their coverage of locations, policy options, and derived outcome measures.
Decision-Tree Model for Support of Health Policy Choices Based on Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) Program Outcomes
Authors: Cohen Andre  , Kulikowski Casimir A.  , Elbert Timothy  , Clark Samantha  , Constenla Dagna  , Sinha Anushua
Published: February 2025

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) has the potential to save lives in low-income countries. We have developed a computational model and web-based decision support software for comparing cost-benefit tradeoffs from alternative PCV program designs, considering their direct and indirect effects on early childhood populations in resource-poor settings. This supports policy-makers in estimating potential health outcomes and cost-effectiveness of different vaccination program strategies for a wide range of population coverage and vaccine effectiveness assumptions.
A User-Centered Glucose-Insulin Data Display for the Inpatient Setting
Authors: Bowen Michael E.  , Rumana Umme  , Killgore Ethan A.  , Gong Yang
Published: February 2025

Inpatient management of insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) is a complex task that requires clinicians to cognitively process information across distinct domains in different locations of the electronic medical record (EMR). Current data displays are not optimized to support insulin management by end users. We sought to develop a set of user-centered displays of capillary glucose data and insulin dose to improve inpatient management of IDD. Our proposed conceptual data display prototype is designed to simplify the presentation and visualization of key information needed for treatment decisions. The goal is also to enhance clinician's ability to identify opportunities to optimize insulin dosing and decrease end users' cognitive load and error rates.
Linking European Case Law: BO-ECLI Parser, an Open Framework for the Automatic Extraction of Legal Links
Authors: Agnoloni Tommaso  , Bacci Lorenzo  , Peruginelli Ginevra  , van Opijnen Marc  , van den Oever Jos  , Palmirani Monica  , Cervone Luca  , Bujor Octavian  , Arsuaga Lecuona Arantxa  , Boada García Alberto  , Di Caro Luigi  , Siragusa Giovanni
Published: February 2025

In this paper we present the BO-ECLI Parser, an open framework for the extraction of legal references from case-law issued by judicial authorities of European member States. The problem of automatic legal links extraction from texts is tackled for multiple languages and jurisdictions by providing a common stack which is customizable through pluggable extensions in order to cover the linguistic diversity and specific peculiarities of national legal citation practices. The aim is to increase the availability in the public domain of machine readable references metadata for case-law by sharing common services, a guided methodology and efficient solutions to recurrent problems in legal references extraction, that reduce the effort needed by national data providers to develop their own extraction solution.
Estimating a Bias in ICD Encodings for Billing Purposes
Authors: Fette Georg  , Krug Markus  , Kaspar Mathias  , Liman Leon  , Dietrich Georg  , Ertl Maximilian  , Krebs Jonathan  , Störk Stefan  , Puppe Frank
Published: February 2025

ICD encoded diagnoses are a popular criterion for eligibility algorithms for study cohort recruitment. However, “official” ICD encoded diagnoses used for billing purposes are afflicted with a bias originating from legal issues. This work presents an approach to estimate the degree of the encoding bias for the complete ICD catalogue at a German university hospital. The free text diagnoses sections of discharge letters are automatically classified using a supervised machine learning algorithm. The automatic classifications are compared with the official, manually classified codes. For selected ICD codes the approach works sufficiently well.
Development of a Protocol for Automated Glucose Measurement Transmission Used in Clinical Decision Support Systems Based on the Continua Design Guidelines
Authors: Meyer Markus  , Donsa Klaus  , Truskaller Thomas  , Frohner Matthias  , Pohn Birgit  , Felfernig Alexander  , Sinner Frank  , Pieber Thomas
Published: February 2025

Background: A fast and accurate data transmission from glucose meter to clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) is crucial for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus since almost all therapeutic interventions are derived from glucose measurements.
Separating Business Logic from Medical Knowledge in Digital Clinical Workflows Using Business Process Model and Notation and Arden Syntax
Authors: de Bruin Jeroen S.  , Adlassnig Klaus-Peter  , Leitich Harald  , Rappelsberger Andrea
Published: February 2025

Background: Evidence-based clinical guidelines have a major positive effect on the physician's decision-making process. Computer-executable clinical guidelines allow for automated guideline marshalling during a clinical diagnostic process, thus improving the decision-making process.
Dealing with Novel and Emerging Threats in the Maritime Industry: The Need for an Alternative Life – Cycle Risk Management Framework
Authors: Ventikos Nikolaos P.  , Louzis Konstantinos
Published: February 2025

Developments in the maritime industry, such as the increasing size of container and cruise ships, and the automated/autonomous ship concepts, yield technical and operational challenges throughout the life-cycle of ships. New interactions increase complexity, resulting in unforeseeable system states and risk fluctuations. Despite the development of approaches that address some of the limitations of current risk management, the sub-systems of the ship are mostly treated separately with only partial consideration of interactions between risk factors. The main goal of this paper is to introduce a novel framework for managing life-cycle risk in the maritime domain, where the ship is viewed as an integrated complex system that is subject to change throughout its life-cycle. The focus is on enhancing the adaptive capability of the system to respond to evolving dynamics and deal with unknown and emerging safety threats. In addition, to avoid potential problem shifting between life-cycle stages, interactions between risk factors and risk propagation are considered. In this context, a change in perspective for maritime safety is also proposed, based on the concept of biomimicry, considering that biological systems typically adapt in a dynamic environment to deal with emerging threats.
On the Evaluation of Propeller Induced Pressures During Initial Design Stages
Authors: Crudu Liviu  , Nabergoj Radoslav  , Marcu Oana  , Neculet Octavian
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the paper is to investigate and to evaluate the tools and information that are available and can be used during the preliminary design stages in order to determine the propeller induced pressures which have an important impact on ship vibrations and, in the end, on the comfort onboard. The designer is often sandwiched within the process of creating a reliable and performant design and the milestones of the building process. Starting from a practical situation, the necessity of further clarifications leads to more detailed evaluations, which could be useful for the preliminary design perspective. The application has been carried out for a double ended passenger car-ferry. The importance of the influence exerted by the wake field on the level of propeller induced pressures and, as a consequence, on the level of vibrations is evaluated and discussed.
Fully Automated Ship Resistance Prediction Using the Naval Hydro Pack
Authors: Gatin Inno  , Vukčević Vuko  , Škurić Vanja  , Jasak Hrvoje
Published: February 2025

A numerical environment for efficient assessment of ship resistance using CFD is presented in this paper. Predicting ship resistance in calm water with the Naval Hydro Pack can be performed within a few hours, including grid generation, computation and post–processing of results. Being able to rapidly predict ship resistance renders CFD a cost-effective design tool, since a hull form designer can evaluate multiple variants of hull geometry quickly. The process of setting up, running and post-processing is accelerated by automating the process to a high level, significantly decreasing the number of manual work effort. In this paper the capabilities of the Naval Hydro Pack are demonstrated by calculating steady resistance for three different benchmark hull forms, where time for pre-processing, processing and post-processing is reported. On average, it took two and a half hours to obtain steady state results per hull form, including set–up, computational time and data analysis. Results are validated against available experimental data showing accuracy with errors below 4%, which is acceptable for early design stage.
Fastening of the Data Transmission in High Latency Satellite Networks
Authors: Kratz Robert  , Osterwind Hubertus
Published: February 2025

The internet onboard of ships is very slow and uncomfortable. This is caused by the high latency of the used satellite networks. Most internet connections are based on connection-oriented protocols, like TCP/IP, which require positive acknowledgments for each data packet sent. To fasten the data transfer, the use of a connectionless protocol without positive acknowledgments would solve the latency problem. But such a protocol, like UDP, is not secure enough nor supported by most of the web servers. The aim of the present development is therefore to provide a fast and secure data transmission in networks having a high latency. This object is solved by a connectionless data protocol having a parallel information channel between the client and a server which is independent of transmission of the payload. Said information channel is e.g. used for negative acknowledgements for lost packets or connection relevant information like the available bandwidth. Furthermore, to avoid lots of time consuming singular connections for each object of a webpage, a proxy server may be used that collects all relevant data of an external web server, renders the data in a headless browser, and only sends the completely rendered web-page to the client in one data stream.
Interaction Between Industry and Class Societies in Cruise Ships Structural Design: A Positive Fincantieri Experience
Authors: Sicchiero Mauro  , Sidari Matteo  , Liguori Vincenzo  , Croce Mario  , Tarello Andrea  , Gombi Enrico  , Grasso Alessandro
Published: February 2025

The paper illustrates the developments in rules and design lifecycle of modern cruise ship, resulting from the cooperation between industries and classification societies. Fincantieri S.p.A. experience together with Lloyd's Register and RINA technical background, worked side by side in order to overcome not harmonized rules and regulation not specific for this type of ships. Latest IACS example in Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carrier and Oil Tankers development combined with understanding of cruise ship peculiarities have been the basis of the present work. Results of cooperation have been the development of two direct analysis procedure (LR Structural Design Assessment, Procedure for Primary Structure of Passenger Ships, 2017; RINA Guide on Complete Ship Model Calculation of Passenger Ships, 2017), a guideline (LR Ship Rules applicable to Modern Passenger Ships, 2017), and the monitoring of the effects of their application on new buildings. The obtained proposal of harmonized rules and specific regulation highlights the importance of an active role of industries in the rules development that nowadays must be oriented to modern ship business.
Applying Deep Learning to Understand Predictors of Tooth Mobility Among Urban Latinos
Authors: Yoon Sunmoo  , Odlum Michelle  , Lee Yeonsuk  , Choi Thomas  , Kronish Ian M.  , Davidson Karina W.  , Finkelstein Joseph
Published: February 2025

We applied deep learning algorithms to build correlate models that predict tooth mobility in a convenience sample of urban Latinos. Our application of deep learning identified age, general health, soda consumption, flossing, financial stress, and years living in the US as the strongest correlates of self-reported tooth mobility among 78 variables entered. The application of deep learning was useful for gaining insights into the most important modifiable and non-modifiable factors predicting tooth mobility, and maybe useful for guiding targeted interventions in urban Latinos.
Diagnostic Games as a Teaching Tool
Authors: Shifrin Michael  , Danilov Gleb  , Shklovskiy-Kordi Nikita  , Zingerman Boris
Published: February 2025

Diagnostic games were developed in the 70s of the last century for elicitation and formalization of the physician's clinical experience. This laborious technique was successfully used to elaborate decision rules for several complex clinical problems but had no further development. Modern information and communication technologies and achievements of medical informatics allow developing digital transformation of diagnostic games. One of the areas of application of this new technology may be simulating of clinical decision making for educational purposes.
CoCoL: Concurrent Communications Library
Authors: Skovhede Kenneth  , Vinter Brian
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we examine a new CSP inspired library for the Common Intermediate Language: CoCoL (Concurrent Communications Library). The use of the Common Intermediate Language makes the library accessible from a number of languages, including C#, F#, Visual Basic and IronPython. The processes are based on tasks and continuation callbacks, rather than threads, which enables networks with millions of running processes on a single machine. The channels are based on request queues with two-phase commit tickets, which enables external choice without coordination among channels. We evaluate the performance of the library on different operating systems and compare the performance with JCSP and C++CSP.
T42 Transputer Design in FPGA (Year One: Design Status Report)
Authors: Mielke Uwe
Published: February 2025

This fringe session will present the current status of our still ongoing IMS-T425 compatible Transputer design in FPGA. Data path and control path are in a stable working state. Fetch unit and a basic system control unit are almost functional. Small instruction sequences can be executed from 8 Kbyte memory already. Some design details around the scheduler micro-code will be discussed. Slides used in the presentation can be downloaded from [1].
Managing Hard Real Times (28 Years Later)
Authors: Welch Peter H.
Published: February 2025

In some quarters, received wisdom about hard real-time systems (where lateness in response means system failure) is that a currently running process must be pre-empted by a higher priority process that becomes runnable (e.g. by the assertion of an external event pin or timeout) – otherwise worst-case response times cannot be guaranteed. Further, if a higher priority process needs to synchronise with one of lower priority, the latter must automatically inherit the priority of the former. Otherwise, the higher process effectively inherits the priority of the lower one as it waits for the latter to be scheduled (priority inversion) and, again, worst-case response times fail.
JVMCSP - Approaching Billions of Processes on a Single-Core JVM
Authors: Shrestha Cabel  , Pedersen Jan Bækgaard
Published: February 2025

In this paper we present the JVMCSP - a runtime system for the JVM and a code generator in the ProcessJ compiler. ProcessJ is a new process-oriented language with a Java-like syntax and CSP semantics. ProcessJ compiles to a number of different runtimes and in this paper focuses on the JVM runtime. The approach followed in the implementation is inspired by previous prototype-work we have done, but in this paper we closely look at the actual implementation and how it differed from our previous assumptions. We also present a number of results that highlight the capabilities of our code generator and runtime. We show that the runtime has a low overhead and we managed to run a program on a single core with 480,900,001 processes and a total of over 1.4 billion runtime objects on the JVM heap.
VHDL Generation from Python Synchronous Message Exchange Networks
Authors: Asheim Truls  , Skovhede Kenneth  , Vinter Brian
Published: February 2025

The Synchronous Message Exchange, SME, is a programming model that both resembles communication in hardware, and can be implemented as a CSP network. This paper extends on previous work for modeling hardware-like programs using SME in Python, with the addition of a source-to-source compiler that converts an SME network implemented in Python to an equivalent implementation in VHDL. We describe the challenges, constraints, and solutions involved in translating a highly dynamic language like Python into the hardware-like VHDL language. We also show how the approach can assist in further VHDL refinement by generating tedious test bench code, such that VHDL designs can be simulated and verified with vendor supplied simulation and synthesis tools.
Messing Around with Timeouts. In Contracts?
Authors: Teig Øyvind
Published: February 2025

Many (embedded) systems are often designed with timeouts at places where they are not needed or even wrong. When there is a timeout, it may break the very idea of how a contract should be: without timeout. For example, some response from an internal communication driver (that handles an external connection) may be awaited for with a timeout – when it might be better just to wait for a proper response from the driver telling that the connection is indeed broken (i.e. that the driver performs the timeout). Timeout has a dimension of layer associated with it. For the given example, the timeout was properly handled by the driver to detect the broken connection, not by the client.
A Model-Driven Methodology for Generating and Verifying CSP-Based Java Code
Authors: Mariño Julio  , Alborodo Raúl N.N.
Published: February 2025

Model-driven methodologies can help developers create more reliable software. In previous work, we have advocated a model-driven approach for the analysis and design of concurrent, safety-critical systems. However, to take full advantage of those techniques, they must be supported by code generation schemes for concrete programming languages. Ideally, this translation should be traceable, automated and should support verification of the generated code. In this paper we consider the problem of generating concurrent Java code from high-level interaction models. Our proposal includes an extension of JML that allows to specify shared resources as Java interfaces, and several translation patterns for (partial) generation of CSP-based Java code. The template code thus obtained is JML-annotated Java using the JCSP library, with proof obligations that help with both traceability and verification. Finally, we present an experiment in code verification using the KeY tool.
Ontology-Grounded Topic Modeling for Climate Science Research
Authors: Sleeman Jennifer  , Finin Tim  , Halem Milton
Published: February 2025

In scientific disciplines where research findings have a strong impact on society, reducing the amount of time it takes to understand, synthesize and exploit the research is invaluable. Topic modeling is an effective technique for summarizing a collection of documents to find the main themes among them and to classify other documents that have a similar mixture of co-occurring words. We show how grounding a topic model with an ontology, extracted from a glossary of important domain phrases, improves the topics generated and makes them easier to understand. We apply and evaluate this method to the climate science domain. The result improves the topics generated and supports faster research understanding, discovery of social networks among researchers, and automatic ontology generation.
Assessing Linked Data Versioning Systems: The Semantic Publishing Versioning Benchmark
Authors: Papakonstantinou Vassilis  , Fundulaki Irini  , Flouris Giorgos
Published: February 2025

As the Linked Open Data Cloud is constantly evolving, both at schema and instance level, there is a need for systems that efficiently support storing and querying of such data. However, there is a limited number of such systems and even fewer benchmarks that test their performance. In this paper, we describe in detail the Semantic Publishing Versioning Benchmark (SPVB) that aims to test the ability of versioning systems to efficiently manage versioned Linked Data datasets and queries evaluated on top of these datasets. We discuss the benchmark data and SPARQL query generation process, as well as the evaluation methodology we followed for assessing the performance of a benchmarked system. Finally, we describe a set of experiments conducted with the R43ples and Virtuoso systems using SPVB.
Towards Efficient Query Processing over Heterogeneous RDF Interfaces
Authors: Montoya Gabriela  , Aebeloe Christian  , Hose Katja
Published: February 2025

Since the proposal of RDF as a standard for representing statements about entities, diverse interfaces to publish and strategies to query RDF data have been proposed. Although some recent proposals are aware of the advantages and disadvantages of state-of-the-art approaches, no work has yet tried to integrate them into a hybrid system that exploits their, in many cases, complementary strengths to process queries more efficiently than each of these approaches could do individually. In this paper, we present HYBRIDSE, an approach that exploits the diverse characteristics of queryable RDF interfaces to efficiently process SPARQL queries. We present a brief study of the characteristics of some of the most popular RDF interfaces (brTPF and SPARQL endpoints), a method to estimate the impact of using a particular interface on query evaluation, and a method to use multiple interfaces to efficiently process a query. Our experiments, using a well-known benchmark dataset and a large number of queries, with result sizes varying from 1 up to 1 million, show that HYBRIDSE processes queries up to three orders of magnitude faster and transfers up to four orders of magnitude less data.