bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aldehydes by a One Carbon Homologation of Ketones and Aldehydes via α,β‐Unsaturated Isocyanides.
Authors: MOSKAL J. , VAN LEUSEN A. M.
Published: May 2016

A Wittig‐Horner‐ Emmons type olefmation is used to convert ketones or aldehydes, e.g. (I), into the corresponding homologous aldehydes with one more carbon atom, e.g. (V).
ChemInform Abstract: On the Mechanism of Liquid Phase Halogenation of Adamantane Derivatives.
Authors: YURCHENKO A. G. , KULIK N. I. , KUCHAR V. P. , DJAKOVSKAJA V. M. , BAKLAN V. F.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Adamantanen (I) erhält man mit den Iodhalogeniden (II) Mono‐ (III) und Disubstitutionsprodukte (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthesis of a Doubly‐Bridged [24]Annulene.
Authors: YAMAMOTO K. , SHIBUTANI M. , KURODA S. , EJIRI E. , OJIMA J.
Published: May 2016

Cycloheptatrien‐1,6‐dialdehyd (I) und das Phosphoniumsalz (II) liefern das Bis‐acrolein (III), das durch reduktive Kupplung das zweifach verbrückte Annulen (IV) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Catalyzed Transformation of a Disecondary Aromatic Diol with Alkanols.
Authors: ZAITSEV B. A. , DANTSIG L. L.
Published: May 2016

Bei der Behandlung des Bis‐carbinols (I) mit p‐Toluolsulfonsäure in Gegenwart der Alkohole (II) erhält man die oligomeren Ether (III), deren Alkoholyse die monomeren Ether (IV) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthetic Approach to Trifluoromethyl Compounds Using FITS‐2 or ‐3i Reagent.
Authors: UMEMOTO T. , FURUKAWA S. , MIYANO O. , NAKAYAMA S.
Published: May 2016

Durch Umsetzung des Enol‐silylethers (I) mit dem Per?uorethyl‐(FITS‐2) (IIa) und dem Perfluorisopropyl‐phenyliodoniumtri?uormethylsulfonat (FITS‐3i) (IIb) mit nachfolgender Dehydrofluorierung werden die Enone (III) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: A New and Convenient Synthesis of Benzo[l,2:4,5]dicyclobutenes.
Authors: IYODA M. , YAMAUCHI T. , ODA M.
Published: May 2016

Beschrieben wird die Synthese des Dicyclobuta‐p‐benzochinons (IV) aus dem Dichlorcyclohexendion (I), das zu (II) und (III) anelliert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expedient Approach to Carbocycle Annulation via Silver Ion Assisted Episulphonium Ion Cyclizations.
Authors: EDSTROM E. , LIVINGHOUSE T.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Nitril (I) und den Allylhalogeniden (II) erhält man die Homoallylnitrile (III), die sich zu den Tetrahydronaphthalinen (IV) und (V) cyclisieren lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: cis‐Dimethyldihydropyrene Synthesis. An Approach Utilizing a Diels‐Alder Route to 1,2,3‐Trisubstituted Benzenes.
Authors: MITCHELL R. H. , CHAUDHARY M. , KAMADA T. , SLOWEY P. D. , WILLIAMS R. V.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of (I) with methyl crotonoate (II) gives a mixture of the exo‐endo isomers (III), which is hydrolysed to yield the ketones (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrathiafulvalene by Photoinduced Electron‐Transfer Reactions.
Authors: TSUJIMOTO K. , OHASHI M.
Published: May 2016

Die Bestrahlung des Dithiolthions (I) in Gegenwart von Triethylphosphit oder Triethylamin liefert das Tetrathiafulvalen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Curing Reactions of Isocyanuric Acid with Epoxide Resin.
Authors: KAMAGATA K.
Published: May 2016

Als Modellreaktion für die Aushärtungsreaktion von Epoxidharzen wird die Umsetzung der im Titel aufgeführten Verbindungen (I) und (II) in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen von 2‐Methylimidazol (III) durchgeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New Derivatives of Imidazole Compounds.
Authors: EL‐MAGHRABY M. A. , EL‐ELA A. A. , KHALAFALLA A. K. , EL‐SHAMI E.
Published: May 2016

Die Imidazolinone (I) und (IV) reagieren mit verschiedenen N‐Nucleophilen wie Hydrazin, Phenylhydrazin oder Hydroxylamin unter Ringbildung zu den kondensierten Heterocyclen (II), (III), (V) und (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Thioxo‐3‐benzothiazolineacetonitrile and Related Products.
Authors: D'AMICO J. J. , SUBA L. , RUMINSKI P. G.
Published: May 2016

Aus 2‐Mercaptobenzothiazol (Ia) erhält man mit Chloracetonitril den Thioether (II), der thermisch nicht zum Isomeren (III) umgelagert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Electrocyclic‐Sigmatropic Reaction of Benzocyclobutenes.
Authors: SHISHIDO K. , HIROYA K. , FUKUMOTO K. , KAMETANI T.
Published: May 2016

Das Methoxybenzocyclobuten (I) wird über die Kondensationsprodukte (II) zu den Aldehyden (III) umgesetzt, die nach Grignard die Alkohole (V) ergeben, welche mit KOH/EtOH zu den Lactonen (VI) cyclisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemical Studies. Part 92. Nitrogen Bridgehead Compounds.
Authors: SIMON K. , HERMECZ I. , MESZAROS Z. , FUELOEP F. + , BERNATH G. , TOTH G. , RECK G.
Published: May 2016

The diastereomeric title compounds (III) and (IV) are identified in the crude reduction product of the salt (II) as two of the eight possible stereoisomers (′Hand 13C NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray analysis).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Degradation Product of Auromomycin Chromophore and DNA‐Cleaving Activities of Its Derivatives.
Authors: SHIBUYA M. , SAKURAI H. , MAEDA T. , NISHIWAKI E. , SAITO M.
Published: May 2016

Das aus dem tumorhemmenden Antibioticum Auromomycin erhaltene Abbauprodukt (I) wird unabhängig aus 3,5‐Dimethoxybenzoesäureester (IIa) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Benzoxazolone with 2,4‐Dinitrochlorobenzene: Formation of 10‐(2,4‐Di‐ nitro)phenyl‐3‐nitrophenoxazine.
Authors: MORENO‐MANAS M. , SANCHEZ‐FERRANDO F. , VALLE S.
Published: May 2016

Benzoxazolon (I) reagiert mit 2,4‐Dinitro‐ Chlorbenzol (II) unter basischen Bedingungen zu einem Gemisch aus dem Substitutionsprodukt (III) und dem Phenoxazinderivat (IV), dessen Bildung diskutiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Mono‐ and Bicyclic Derivatives of Tetracoordinated Boron and α‐Aminodiacides.
Authors: GARRIGUES B. , MULLIEZ M. , RAHARINIRINA A.
Published: May 2016

Die Darstellung der Borderivate (III) und (IV) gelingt aus den Säuren (I) mit den Boranen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Organotin Compounds. Part 32. The Photochemical Reaction of Ketones with Tetramethyl‐1,2‐bis(phenylthio)distannane.
Authors: FOBBE H. , NEUMANN W. P.
Published: May 2016

Die Ketone (I) liefern mit dem Distannan (II) unter Bestrahlung die Dioxastannolane (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Electrically Conducting μ‐(1,4‐Diisocyanobenzene)‐2,3‐naphthalo‐cyaninatoiron(II).
Authors: DEGER S. , HANACK M.
Published: May 2016

Aus Tetrabrom‐o‐xylol (I) und dem Dinitril (II) entsteht mit NaI das Dinitril (III), das in den Komplex (IV) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Acid Aquation Reactions of Pentakis(methylamine)cobalt(III) Complexes of the Neutral Ligands Urea, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Dimethylformamide, Trimethyl Phosphate, and Acetonitrile.
Authors: CURTIS N. J. , LAWRANCE G. A.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the precursor complex (I) directly with coordinating solvent or neutral ligand yields the title compounds (II).
ChemInform Abstract: The Absolute Configuration of β‐Bisabolol.
Authors: OHLOFF G. , GIERSCH W. , NAEF R. + , DELAY F.
Published: May 2016

(‐)‐8‐Epi‐oL‐bisabolol (I) and (‐)‐4‐epi‐β‐bisabolol (II) are identified as constituents of bergamot oil.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Catalytic Amidocarbonylation of Substituted Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: YUAN S.‐S. , AJAMI A. M.
Published: May 2016

Die beiden Allylalkohole (I) bilden mit Acetamid (II) das gleiche Produktgemisch aus den Aminosäurederivaten (III)‐(V).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Biologically Important Carbohydrates. Part 33. Syntheses of Unsaturated Amino Sugars and Aminoalkyl‐branched Carbohydrates via Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Trichloroacetimidates.
Authors: DYONG I. , WEIGAND J. , THIEM J.
Published: May 2016

Das Pyranosid (I) läßt sich auf dem beschriebenen Weg in das Trichloracetimidat (IIIa) überführen.
ChemInform Abstract: Branched and Chain‐extended Sugars. Part 30. Diastereoselective Synthesis of L‐glycero‐D‐manno‐Heptose, a Constituent of the Inner Core Region of Lipopolysaccharides.
Authors: PAULSEN H. , SCHUELLER M. + , HEITMANN A. , NASHED M. A. , REDLICH H.
Published: May 2016

Mit der Mannofuranose (I) als Ausgangsverbindung läßt sich die Titelverbindung (VIIb) (keine Ausb.‐Angaben) sowohl über die Zwischenstufe (IV) als auch über das Gemisch (V)/(VI) synthetisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approaches to the Teleocidin‐Related Tumour Promoters: A Total Synthesis of (±)‐Indolactam V.
Authors: DE LASZLO S. E. , LEY S. V. , PORTER R. A.
Published: May 2016

Aminoindol (I) wird gemäß Formelschema in die im Titel genannte Verbindung (Xa) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: Lignans and Neolignans
Authors: WHITING D. A.
Published: May 2016

Review: (248 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Study of the Elementary Chemical Reaction H(2S1/2) + O2(1Δg) → OH(2Π) + O(3P) in the Gas Phase.
Authors: HACK W. , KURZKE H.
Published: May 2016

The title reaction has been studied in an isothermal flow reactpr at temp. between 295 and 423 Kand pressures in the range 70‐ 1070 Pa with He as the main carrier gas.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of PPh4[RuCl4(NO)(NSCl)] and (PPh4)2[RuCl4(NS)]2·4 CH2Cl2.
Authors: WILLING W. , MUELLER U. + , DEMANT U. , DEHNICKE K.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (III) and (IV), prepared according to the scheme, are characterized by their IR spectra and by X‐ray crystal structure determinations.
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthesis of 1,1,1‐Tricarboalkoxy Derivatives: Masked 1,1‐Diesters.
Authors: BRILLON D.
Published: May 2016

Durch Acylierung der alkylierten Malonester (I) mit Chlorameisensäuremethylester (II) werden die Triester (III) erhalten, die mit Natriummethanolat in Methanol wieder zu (I) zurückgespalten werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: trans‐Cycloalkenes. Part 13. 1‐Methylthiomethoxy‐trans‐cyclo‐octene and 1‐Methoxy‐trans‐cyclo‐octene by Peterson Elimination.
Authors: PRIOR M. J. , WHITHAM G. H.
Published: May 2016

Based on model experiments with cyclohexyl analogues, the eight‐membered compounds (IV) and (V) are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrimido[4,5‐c]quinolines from 10‐Cyanopyrimido[5,4‐b]quinolines.
Authors: FENNER H. , WIEGREFFE C. , IFFERT B.
Published: May 2016

Die im Titel genannten Verbindungen (II) entstehen bei der Einwirkung von Natriummethanolat auf die Nitrile (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Pteridines. Part 79. Synthesis, Reactions, and Photochemistry of Heterocyclic N‐Alkylthioamides.
Authors: HECKEL A. , PFLEIDERER W.
Published: May 2016

The thione (Ib) is readily available from (Ia) and P4S", and can be used to regenerate (Ia) by photooxidation (yield 20%).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Steric Structures of Stereoisomeric N‐Substituted Tetrahydro‐1,3‐oxazines Fused with Norbornane and Norbornene.
Authors: FUELOEP F. + , STAJER G. , BERNATH G. , SOHAR P.
Published: May 2016

Aus den β‐Aminocarbonsäureestern (I) werden die Hydroxymethylverbindungen (III) hergestellt, die mit Formal‐ 80 deh‐yd‐zu den Benzoxazin‐Derivaten (IV) cyclisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5H‐Pyridophenothiazin‐5‐ones.
Authors: UENO Y.
Published: May 2016

Die im Titel genannten Verbindungen (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb) sind in einer Eintopf‐Reaktion aus den Chinonen (Ia) bzw. (Ib) zugänglich.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Synthesis and Some Synthetic Applications of Substituted Phosphide and Phosphinite Anions.
Authors: TSVETKOV E. N. , BONDARENKO N. A. , MALAKHOVA I. G. , KABACHNIK M. I.
Published: May 2016

Primäre und sekundäre Phosphine (I) und (III) werden mit Kalilauge in aprotischen, dipolaren Solventien, vorzugsweise DMSO, deprotoniert und mit Alkylierungsmitteln (II) bzw. (IV) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry in Trivalent Nitrogen Compounds. Part 43. Alkali Metal Complexation by Thione Sulfur in N‐Acyl Thioamides.
Authors: RABAN M. , SHMYR C.
Published: May 2016

The N‐acyl thioamides (I) were prepared according to a literature method.
ChemInform Abstract: Halogeno, Hydrido, and Hydrocarbyl Derivatives of (η‐Cyclo‐octatetraene)(η‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium(IV): X‐Ray Crystal Structure of [Zr(η‐C5Me5)(η‐C8H8)H].
Authors: HIGHCOCK W. J. , MILLS R. M. , SPENCER J. L. , WOODWARD P.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of ZrCl4 with one equivalent K2(CsHs) (CgHgz dianion of cyclooctatriene) in THF afforded Zr(n‐C8H3)C12 (TH F) which on subsequent treatment with Li(C5Me4R′) yielded the complexes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction Mechanisms and Thermochemistry of V+ + C2H2p (p: 1‐3).
Authors: ARISTOV N. , ARMENTROUT P. B.
Published: May 2016

The results of ion beam studies of reactions of atomic vanadium ions with C2 hydrocarbons are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Hydrogen Isocyanide. Part 1. Reactions of [M(CO)5(CNH)] (M: Cr or W) with Epoxides.
Authors: BAER E. + , VOELKL A. + , BECK F. , FEHLHAMMER W. P. , ROBERT A.
Published: May 2016

The title reactions occur in general with regiospecific ring opening except with the oxirane (VId) which gave rise to a mixture of regioisomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Pairwise Exchange of Carbon Monoxide in Manganese‐Rhenium Decacarbonyl.
Authors: SCHMIDT S. P. , BASOLO F. , JENSEN C. M. , TROGLER W. C.
Published: May 2016

The decacarbonyl (III) selectively enriched on the Re atom is prepared by the rapid reaction between (I) and (II), which was isotopically enriched to 46%.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Ionic Transition Metal Carbonyl Cluster Fragments by Ion‐Molecule Reactions.
Authors: FREDEEN D. A. , RUSSELL D. H.
Published: May 2016

In the title systems ionic Cluster fragments of the type M"(CO)y(NO); are formed from the reaction of the fragment ion M(CO)a(NO) , with its respective neutral.
ChemInform Abstract: Long Chain Heterocyclic Dyes. Part 2. Surface Active Dyes.
Authors: BARNI E. , SAVARINO P. , VISCARDI G. , PELIZZETTI E.
Published: May 2016

Die bis‐quartären Salze (I)‐(IV) und die Cyanin‐Farbstoffe (V) werden hergestellt und ihre physikalischen Eigenschaften diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Rearrangement of Quinochalcones. Part 2. A Facile Synthesis of Linderune.
Authors: BENNETT G. J. , LEE H.‐H.
Published: May 2016

Friedel‐Crafts acetylation of 1,2,3,5‐tetramethoxy benzene (I) yields the acetophenone (IIa) and, as a by‐product, the ethoxy compound (IIb), which has been obtained earlier and is now identified.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen Absorption by Titanium, TiO2 and La2O3 Films Covered with Clean and Oxidized Iron, Nickel, Palladium and Manganese Overlayers at 300 K.
Authors: WULZ H. G. , CICHY H. , FROMM E.
Published: May 2016

Ni, Fe and Pd overlayers on Ti films without oxygen precoverage enhance the hydrogen absorption, while Mn reduces the reaction rate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some 4‐Acetyl‐3,5‐dioxo‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro[1]benzoxepine or Benzothiepine and 6‐Acetyl‐5,7‐dioxo‐6,7,8,9‐tetrahydro‐5H‐benzocycloheptene Derivatives.
Authors: DESHAYES C. , CHABANNET M. , GELIN S.
Published: May 2016

Bei der Kondensation zwischen dem Aminocrotonsäureester (I) und den Säurechloriden (II) entstehen die Ketone (III), die mit Hydroxylamin zu den isomeren Isoxazolen (IV) und (V) cyclisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Methods for Dehalogenation and Formation of Trimethylsilylated Enol Ethers via Reaction with Lithium Diisopropylamide for Some (α‐Monobromo and α,α‐Dibromoketones.
Authors: LION C. , DUBOIS J.‐E. , LEBBAR K.
Published: May 2016

The α‐bromoketones (I) react with LDA and chlorotrimethylsilane to give the enol ethers (II) after aqueous work‐up, and with LDA and H2O to give the debrominated ketones (III), The initial product is in both cases the corresponding α‐arninoketone, which eliminates N‐isopropylideneisopropylamine to afford an anion which, on treatment with the reagents, gives the final products.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylic Alkylation of Allylic Acetates with β‐Keto Acids.
Authors: TSUDA T. , OKADA M. , NISHI S. , SAEGUSA T.
Published: May 2016

Die Allylacetate (II) reagieren mit den β‐Ketosäuren (I) in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen des Pd‐Komplexes (III) zu den ungesättigten Ketonen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Convenient Synthesis of Dialkyl(methylene)ammonium Chloride.
Authors: ROCHIN C. , BABOT O. , DUNOGUES J. , DUBOUDIN F.
Published: May 2016

Aminomethylether (I) werden durch Methyltrichlorsilan (II) zu Dialkylmethyleniminiumchloriden (III) gespalten.
ChemInform Abstract: Allylic Geminal Diacetates as a a1,a3 Synthon. A Convenient Synthesis of Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan‐9‐one Derivatives.
Authors: LU X. , HUANG Y.
Published: May 2016

Das Diacetat (I) reagiert in Gegenwart von Pd‐ Katalysatoren mit dem Enamin (II) zu einem Gemisch der stereoisomeren Bicyclo[3.3.l]nonan‐9‐ one (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Use of the Perfluorotolyl Protecting Group in the Synthesis of Pure Z‐ and E‐Isomers of 4‐Hydroxytamoxifen {1‐[4‐(2‐Dimethylaminoethoxy)phenyl]‐1‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2‐phenylbut‐1‐ene}.
Authors: MCCAGUE R.
Published: May 2016

A series of approaches to the desired title compounds(IX) has been pursued to yield the products shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus and Sulfur Substituted Allenes. Part 4. A Convenient Synthesis of 2[5H]Furanones and β‐Methylene‐γ‐butyrolactones by Addition of Malonic Esters to Allenic Sulfoxides.
Authors: ALTENBACH H.‐J. , SOICKE H.
Published: May 2016

Die Allenyl‐sulfoxide (I) reagieren mit Na‐malonester (II) und den Alkylierungsmitteln (III) zu den Substitutionsprodukten (IV), die mit Trimethylphosphit zu den substituierten Allylalkoholen (V) führen.
ChemInform Abstract: Dihydronaphthalene 1,5‐Carbolactone: Aromatization in the Presence of Phenylisocyanate.
Authors: BOUAZIZ Z. , LAHAROTTE C. , ROUGNY A. , FILLION H.
Published: May 2016

Phenylisocyanate as hydrogen‐acceptor accelerates the aromatization of the lactone (I) to give the carbamate (IIa) as main product, which is accompanied by (IIb), aniline and diphenylurea, with yields depending on the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,6‐Diaryl‐1(3)‐oxo‐3(1)‐hydroxy‐5(7)‐imino‐7(5)‐amino‐ 1H,5H(3H,7H)‐pyrazolo[1,2‐a]pyrazoles.
Authors: ZVILICHOVSKY G. , DAVID M.
Published: May 2016

Die Umsetzung von Phenylmalonsäuredinitrilen (I) mit 3,5‐Dihydroxy‐4‐ phenylpyrazolen (II) führt zu Pyrazolopyrazol‐ Derivaten (III), von denen (III) (R′: R2: H) auch auf unabhängigem Weg hergestellt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Yielding Syntheses of 4(5)‐Substituted Imidazoles via Organolithium Intermediates.
Authors: CARPENTER A. J. , CHADWICK D. J.
Published: May 2016

N‐Protection of imidazole as the N,N‐dimethylsulphonamido derivative (I) and blocking of the 2‐position with the triethylsilyl group [‐ (III)] permits regioselective 5‐metallation with sec‐butyl‐lithium.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of 4(5)‐Mono‐, 4,5‐Di‐ and 2,4,5‐Trisubstituted Imidazoles.
Authors: IDDON B. , KHAN N.
Published: May 2016

Aus 1‐Benzyl‐2,4,5‐tribrom‐imidazol (II) erhält man nach Metallierung bei der Hydrolyse die Monobromverbindung (I), während mit Dimethyldisulfid das 2,5‐Bis‐methylthio‐4‐brom‐1‐benzylimidazol (III) erhalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Mass Spectra of Straight and Cyclic Thioorthoformates.
Authors: TAGANLIEV A. , ROL'NIK L. Z. , PASTUSHENKO E. V. , GALKIN E. G. , VYRYPAEV E. M. , ZLOTSKII S. S. , RAKHMANKULOV D. L.
Published: May 2016

Die Thioorthoformiate (III), (V) und (VIII) werden aus den Orthoameisensäureestern (I) oder dem Trithioorthoameisensäureester (VI) durch Umesterung dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: A Second Approach to 5H‐Pyrido[3′,4′ :4,5]pyrrolo[3,2‐c]pyridines and Their Transformation to N‐5 and N‐8 Substituted Derivatives.
Authors: NGUYEN CHI HUNG NGUYEN CHI HUNG , BISAGNI E.
Published: May 2016

Starting from the hydroxy pyridines (I), the desired compounds (V) are available by a new reaction pathway which is more convenient than that described in another paper of the authors.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 2‐Dimethylaminomethylene‐1,3‐diones with Dinucleophiles.
Authors: MOSTI L. , SCHENONE P. , MENOZZI G.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Dimethylaminomethylen‐diketonen (I) erhält man mit Natrium‐ cyanacetamid (II) die Cyclisierungsprodukte (III) und (IVl) ‐ (IVh).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Deazaflavins with Planar Chirality. Redox‐Induced "Rope‐Skipping" Racemization.
Authors: SHINKAI S. , YAMAGUCHI T. , NAKAO H. , MANABE O.
Published: May 2016

6‐Chlor‐uracil (I) und o‐Aminophenol (II) werden zu (III) und dann weiter mit 2‐Chlor‐benzaldehyd (IV) zum Desazaisoalloxazin (V) kondensiert.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridazino[3,4‐b]quinoxalines and Their Reduced Derivatives. Preparation and Structure.
Authors: ARMAND J. , ARMAND Y. , BOULARES L. , BELLEC C. , PINSON J.
Published: May 2016

Die o‐Phenylendiamine (I) und die Ketoester (II) werden zu den Chinoxalinonen (III) cyclisiert, die mit den Hydrazinen (IV) in Ethanol die Hydrazone (V) bilden.
ChemInform Abstract: Compounds with Antigastric Secretion and Antiulcer Activity. Part 5. Derivatives of 3,4,4a,6,7,11b‐Hexahydro‐2H,5H‐benzol[1,4]cyclohept‐[1,2‐b][1,4]oxazine and Related Products.
Authors: BIANCHI M. , BUTTI A. , PFEIFFER U. , ROSSI S. , BARZAGHI F. , MARCARIA V. , NENCIONI A.
Published: May 2016

Aus den cyclischen α‐Diketon‐monoximen (I) werden durch Reduktion und Acetylierung die Acetamide (II) erhalten, die nach Reduktion und Entacetylierung die α‐Aminoalkohole (III) ergeben.
ChemInform Abstract: A meso Specific Reaction.
Authors: THOTTATHIL J. K. , PRZYBYLA C. , MALLEY M. , GOUGOUTAS J. Z.
Published: May 2016

Aus der Pyrrolidinon‐carbonsäure (I) entsteht de?‐ niert der (S)‐Alkohol (II), der mit Benzaldehyd zu (S)‐(IV) kondensiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Synthesis of the B‐(Z)‐1‐Alkenyl‐9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes not Available via Hydroboration.
Authors: BROWN H. C. , BHAT N. G. , RAJAGOPALAN S.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the lithium salts of the (Z)‐iodides (I) with the methoxyborabicyclononane (II) gives the title Compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid and Lewis Base Behaviour of a Tellurium(II) Compound: A Mercury(II) Complex of a Bis‐Telluride Ligand with a 13‐Member Macrocyclic Chelate Ring.
Authors: AL‐SALIM N. , HAMOR T. A. , MCWHINNIE W. R.
Published: May 2016

o‐Brombenzaldehyd (I) ergibt über das Acetal (II) den Telluroether (III), der mit Ethylendiamin (IV) zum Te‐substituierten Bis‐phenyl‐di‐ aza‐hexadien (V) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: Mononuclear Chromium Complexes of the Tripod Ligand (Tripod: 1,1,1‐Tris((dimethylphosphino)methyl)ethane).
Authors: ARIF A. M. , HEFNER J. G. , JONES R. A. , WHITTLESEY B. R.
Published: May 2016

The title ligand (I) reacts with CrCl3 or CrCl2 to yield (II) or (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Properties, Crystal and Molecular Structure of Uranyl(VI) Complexes with a New Cyclic Schiff Base Compartmental Ligand.
Authors: CASELLATO U. , SITRAN S. , TAMBURINI S. , VIGATO P. A. , GRAZIANI R.
Published: May 2016

The acyclic and the cyclic uranyl(VI) complexes (I) and (II) are prepared by reaction of the preformed ligands with uranyl acetate and LiOH.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Characterization, and Reactivity of the Early‐Transition‐Metal/ Late‐ Transition‐Metal Heterobimetallic Complexes (C5H5)2Zr(μ‐PPh2)2MLn (M: Ni, Pd, Pt).
Authors: GELMINI L. , STEPHAN D. W.
Published: May 2016

The Zr(IV) compound (II) acts as a "metallo ligand" and reacts with tetrakisariphenylphosphine)Ni, ‐Pd, and ‐Pt to yield the heterobimetallic title Complexes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Leaving Group: Asymmetric Synthesis of Limonene and Bisabolene.
Authors: SAKANE S. , FUJIWARA J. , MARUOKA K. , YAMAMOTO H.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of neryl bromide (I) with catechol, biphenol or binaphthol (II) yields the mononeryl ethers (III).
ChemInform Abstract: N‐(6‐Aminohexyl)‐1‐deoxy‐1‐aminoscyllitol. A Potent Inhibitor of β‐Glucosidases.
Authors: HIYAMA K. , ZANMA H.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (III), obtained by stereospecific reduction of the imine (II), has the function of an inhibitor for β‐glucosidases, especially the enzyme from A. oryzae.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Utility of O‐Glycosylpseudoureas for Synthesis of Glucopeptides and (1 → 6)‐Disaccharides.
Authors: HORVAT S. , VARGA L. , HORVAT J.
Published: May 2016

Tetra‐O‐benzyl‐D‐glucopyranose (I) wird mit Carbodiimiden (II) zu Isoharnstoff‐Derivaten (III) umgesetzt, die mit Aminosäuren oder Peptiden Glucopyranosylether (IV) bzw. ‐ester (V) bilden.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of MoS3, WS3, WSe3 and NbSe3 with Lithium. Metal Cluster Rearrangement Revealed by EXAFS.
Authors: SCOTT R. A. , JACOBSON A. J. , CHIANELLI R. R. , PAN W.‐H. , STIEFEL E. I. , HODGSON K. O. , CRAMER S. P.
Published: May 2016

The structural changes that occur during the lithiation of amorphous MoSe3, WS, and WSe3 and crystalline NbSeJ have been investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Stability of Sulfated Alumina and Titania.
Authors: SAUR O. , BENSITEL M. , SAAD A. B. M. , LAVALLEY J. C. , TRIPP C. P. , MORROW B. A.
Published: May 2016

The IR spectra observed after adsorption of SO; on TiO2 (anatase) or Al2O3 and oxidation in excess O2 a: 450°C indicate that, in the absence of OH groups or H2O, the sulfate has a structure resembling (M,O,)S=0 (M: A1 or Ti), whereas in the presence of H2O or excess surface OH groups this is convened 1o (M2O,)S(O)OH type groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Photophysics and Electrochemistry of Hexanuclear Tungsten Halide Clusters.
Authors: ZIETLOW T. C. , NOCERA D. G. , GRAY H. B.
Published: May 2016

In contrast to Mooxf.′ (X: Cl, Br, 1), the tungsten Cluster emission spectra are halidedependent; the energy of the emissive state increases in the w"xf: spectra according to Cl (1.83 eV) Br (1.85) I (2.05).
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Behavior of p‐Type Indium Selenide Single Crystal Electrodes.
Authors: UOSAKI K. , KANEKO S. , KITA H. , CHEVY A.
Published: May 2016

The efficiency of indium selenide electrodes is found to be smaller than that of known semiconductor electrodes, although the photoelectrochemical characteristics are improved by platinum modification (shifting of onset potentials towards positive by several hundred mV).
ChemInform Abstract: Active Carbon‐Supported Aluminium Copper(I) Chloride as Solid Carbon Monoxide Adsorbent.
Authors: HIRAI H. , WADA K. , KOMIYAMA M.
Published: May 2016

Active carbon‐supponed AlCuCl4 (preparation is described) rapidly adsorbs CO at 20°C from a 9:1 CO‐ N2 mixture and the equilibrium molar ratio of adsorbed CO to AlCuCl4 is 1.03.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Properties of Black Phosphorus Single Crystals and Intercalation Compounds.
Authors: MARUYAMA Y. , SUZUKI S. , OSAKI T. , YAMAGUCHI H. , SAKAI S. , NAGASATO K. , SHIROTANI I.
Published: May 2016

Single crystals of black phosphorus have been prepared by a bismuth flux method (400°C, 44h).
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of Ethanediyl S,S‐Acetals with Halogens.
Authors: CAPUTO R. , FERRERI C. , PALUMBO G. , CAPOZZI G.
Published: May 2016

Thc use of halogens for cleavage of 1,5‐dithiolanes to give the corresponding carbonyl compounds is inve stigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of Large Ring 2‐Phenylcyclanones. Formation of Cyclophanes and Encapsulation by a Ship in Bottle and by a Reptation Strategy.
Authors: LEI X. , DOUBLEDAY C. E. JUN. , ZIMMT M. B. , TURRO N. J.
Published: May 2016

The biradicals (II), generated photochemically from the corresponding cyclanones, can be stabilized via the formation of enals (such as (121)) or via para coupling, leading to the cyclophanes (IIIb)‐(IIId).
ChemInform Abstract: lH‐Azirines as Intermediates in the Photolysis of 1,2,3‐Triazoles.
Authors: MITCHELL G. , REES C. W.
Published: May 2016

Die Photolyse der Naphthyltriazole (I) führt zu den Indolen (II) und den umgelagenen Indolen (III), wobei wie auch im Fall der Triazole (IV) die Azirine (V) als Zwischenstufen diskutiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodosobenzene Diacetate, an Efficient Reagent for the Oxidative Decarboxylation of Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: CONCEPCION J. I. , FRANCISCO C. G. , FREIRE R. , HERNANDEZ R. , SALAZAR J. A. , SUAREZ E.
Published: May 2016

Primäre und sekundäre Carbonsäuren, z.B. die Steroidcarbonsäuren (I), (IIIa) und (IVa), werden unter den angegebenen Bedingungen oxidativ zu den entsprechenden Iodverbindungen (II), (IIIb) bzw. (IVb) decarboxyliert.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Allylic Substrates with Grignard Reagents.
Authors: CONSIGLIO G. , PICCOLO O. , RONCETTI L. , MORANDINI F.
Published: May 2016

Scope and limitations of the title reaction arc studied, using a number of chiral nickel complexes [e.g.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogenation and Dimerization of Bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta‐2,5‐diene Catalyzed by Cobalt(I) Complexes.
Authors: KANAI H. , WATABE Y. , NAKAYAMA T.
Published: May 2016

The bicyclo[2.2.1]heptadiene (I) is hydrogenated in the presence of cobalt(I) catalysts to give small amounts of (II) and (III) and large amounts of the dimer(IV).
ChemInform Abstract: The Reactions of α‐Monosubstituted Primary Amines with 1,4‐Dimethyl‐6‐ hydroxycarbazole and 9‐Hydroxyellipticine Under Oxidative Conditions: Formation of a No‐ vel Series of Annulated Oxazoles.
Authors: SUNDARAMOORTHI R. , KANSAL V. K. , DAS B. C. , POTIER P.
Published: May 2016

Der leicht zugängliche Phenolether (I) ergibt nach Spaltung zum entsprechenden Phenol (II) bei der Umsetzung mit primären Aminen (III) unter oxidierenden Bedingungen die anellierten Oxazole (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Anionic Cyclization Route to Capped [3]Peristylanes.
Authors: GARRATT P. J. , DOECKE C. W. , WEBER J. C. , PAQUETTE L. A.
Published: May 2016

Das polycyclische Keton (I) wird über (III) in das Epoxid (IV) übergefühn, das mit Kaliumhydrid selektiv zum Alkohol (Va) cyclisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Thienopyridines. Part 7. Some Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of Thieno[2,3‐b]‐ and ‐[3,2‐b]pyridine Isosteres of 4‐Oxygenated and 2,4‐Dioxygenated Quinolines.
Authors: BARKER J. M. , HUDDLESTON P. R. , HOLMES D.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (Ia)‐(VIa), existing in the tautomeric forms shown in the scheme, undergo electrophilic substitution with various reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Macrocyclic Polyaza(2,5)pyridinophanes Possessing Vitamin B6 Functionality.
Authors: IWATA M. , KUZUHARA H.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the bromide (I) with the ditosylamide (II) under various conditions yields mixtures of compounds (IIIa)‐(IIIc), which are separated chromatographically.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorylation of Methylenequinones. Part 4. Reaction of Fuchson and Naphthofuchson with Di‐ und Trialkylphosphites.
Authors: KOPEL'TSIV YU. A. , KOLESNIKOV V. T. , SHERMOLOVICH YU. G. , TROTSENKO S. I. , KLEN V. Z.
Published: May 2016

Die bereits früher beschriebene Umsetzung von Naphthofuchson (Ib) mit den Dialkylphosphiten (II) führt nicht zu den Dihydronaphthylphosphonaten (IV), sondern ebenso wie die von Fuchson (Ia) zu den Lö‐Addukten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Vinyl Selenides or Sulfides and Ketene Selenoacetals or Thioacetals by Nickel(II) Vinylation of Sodium Benzeneselenolate or Benzenethiolate.
Authors: CRISTAU H. J. , CHABAUD B. , LABAUDINIERE R. , CHRISTOL H.
Published: May 2016

Die VinyI‐ bromide (I) und die Phenylchalkogenide (II) liefern unter Katalyse durch den Bisbipyridin‐Ni‐Komplex (III) die Vinylchalkogenether (IV), 1,2‐Dibromethylen (V) und (II)/(III) die Bis‐ether (VI); die geminalen Dibromide (VII) reagieren zu den Ketenacetalen (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Elementoorganic Compounds of Acyl Phosphines.
Authors: VEITS YU. A. , NEGANOVA E. G. , FOSS V. L.
Published: May 2016

Um die Einflüsse der Stabilisierung von zweifach koordinierten Phosphaethylenen zu untersuchen, werden Verbindungen vom Typ (II) und (IV) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistic Studies of Phosphorus‐Oxygen Bond Cleavages in Group 7 Dinuclear Complexes of 2‐Pyridyl Dimethylphosphinite.
Authors: COLLUM D. B. , KLANG J. A. , DEPUE R. T.
Published: May 2016

The dinuclear chelates (I) rearrange in benzene a! 80°C with P‐Obond cleavage to provide the corresponding derivatives (II) containing bridging PMez and 2‐pyridyloxo.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Complexes in Acetic Acid. Part 8. 17O NMR Studies on the Acetic Acid Exchange of Manganese(II), Iron(II), Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), und Copper(II) Perchlorates in Acetic Acid.
Authors: HIOKI A. , FUNAHASHI S. , ISHII M. , TANAKA M.
Published: May 2016

(rate constants at 25 °C and activation parameters for the exchange between bulk acetic acid molecules and the acetic acid molecules bound to transition‐metal cations in neat acctic acid and in mixtures involving dichloromethane‐d2 as a diluent.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 8‐Phenylmenthol und Its Diastereomer, 2‐epi,ent‐8‐Phenylmenthol. A Caveat.
Authors: WHITESELL J. K. , LIU C.‐L. , BUCHANAN C. M. , CHEN H.‐H. , MINTON M. A.
Published: May 2016

Auf bekanntem Weg wird aus Pulegon (I) neben S‐Phenylmenthol (IIa) das Isomere (IIIa) erhalten, das isoliert und als chirales Hilfsreagens eingesetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Transannular Acetal Synthesis: Studies Related to the Synthesis of Oxide‐Bridged Terpenes.
Authors: JELENICK M. S. , BRYSON T. A.
Published: May 2016

Das Esterenon (I) wird durch das Alanat (II) zum Gemisch aus dem e Hydroxyester (III) und dem Diol (IV) reduziert; (III) und MCPBA (V) machen den Epoxyester (VI) zugänglich.
ChemInform Abstract: Determination of Aluminium in Bauxites and Alloys by Fast Neutron Activation Analysis Using 241Am ‐ Be Neutron Source
Authors: BATRA R. J. , GARG A. N.
Published: May 2016

of ∼ 4 MeV for 30min followed by counting of 0.842 MeV γ‐rays on a NaI(Tl) detector in conjunction with a single channel analyzer.
ChemInform Abstract: Trivalent and Monovalent Palladium Cations in PdNa ‐ X Zeolite: Electron Spin Resonance and Electron Spin Echo Modulation Spectroscopic Studies.
Authors: MICHALIK J. , HEMING M. , KEVAN L.
Published: May 2016

In activated Pd"Na‐ X (I), Pd" ions are stabilized much more efficiently than in Pd,3Na‐ X (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and structure of BaPdS2.
Authors: HUSTER J. , BRONGER W.
Published: May 2016

Black BaPdS2 has been prepared by heating BaPd(CN)4 ‐ 4 H2O for 3 h at 870 K in a stream of HZS.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Addition of Fluoroalkyl Iodides to Alkenes Catalysed by Raney Nickel.
Authors: CHEN Q.‐Y. , YANG Z.‐Y.
Published: May 2016

Unter Katalyse von Raney‐Nickel addieren sich die Iodide (II) an terminale Alkene (I) unter Bildung der Iodide (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Heterocycles Through Reactions of Nucleophiles with Acrylonitriles.
Authors: ABDEL‐LATIF F. F. , GOHAR A.‐K. M. N.
Published: May 2016

The β‐pyridinyl acrylonitriles (I) react with compounds with active methylene groups, such as (II), (IV) and (VI), to give the corresponding condensation products (III), (V), and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Hydroxy‐ and Carbonyl Compounds with Sulphur Tetrafluoride.
Authors: BLOSHCHITSA F. A. , BURMAKOV A. I. , KUNSHENKO B. V. , PITERSKIKH I. A. , ALEKSEEVA L. A. , YAGUPOL'SKII L. M.
Published: May 2016

The α‐keto esters (I) react with SP4 in the presence of catalytic amounts of HF ‐ from SF4 and H2O ‐ to form the products (II) by conversion of the ester carbonyl group to a CF; group.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Trialkyl Orthoformates with the Aluminium Derivatives of Some α‐Unsaturated Bromides.
Authors: PICOTIN G. , MIGINIAC P.
Published: May 2016

The Al derivatives of the α‐unsaturated bromides (I), (IV), and (VI) which can be generated in ether are very reactive toward the trialkylorthoformates (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Thiocyanic Acid to Acetylenes with the Aid of Hg(II).
Authors: GIFFARD M. , COUSSEAU J. , GOUIN L. , CRAHE M.‐R.
Published: May 2016

The reaction condition indicated in the scheme renders possible the synthesis of the isothiocyanates (II) as main products (w 80‐90% of the mixtures).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Rearrangement of N‐Sulphonylindole 3‐Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: BASS R. J. , EVANS T. J.
Published: May 2016

Die Aldehyde (I) reagieren mit dem Methoxyethylamin (II) unter Dean‐ Stark‐Bedingungen zu einem Gemisch der erwarteten Imine (III) und der umgelagerten Imine (IV), die zu den Ausgangsprodukten (I) und den isomeren Methylketonen (V) gespalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Norkhellin Derivatives with Sulfur Functions.
Authors: LOEWE W. + , MUELLER B. +
Published: May 2016

Nach den im Formelschema skizzierten Verfahren werden die Derivate (III)‐(V) der Norkhellin‐sul?nsäure (I) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5,10‐Dideazaminopterin.
Authors: DEGRAW J. I. , TAGAWA H. , CHRISTIE P. H. , LAWSON J. A. , BROWN E. G. , KISLIUK R. L. , GAUMONT Y.
Published: May 2016

Aus 4‐Toluylsäure (I) erhält man den substituierten Ester (II), der zum Aldehyd (III) verseift wird.
Enhanced Ligand‐Based Luminescence in Metal–Organic Framework Sensor
Authors: Legrand Alexandre , Pastushenko Anton , Lysenko Vladimir , Geloen Alain , Quadrelli Elsje Alessandra , Canivet Jerome , Farrusseng David
Published: May 2016

Metal–organic frameworks are appealing hybrid solids which attract continuously growing interest. Their advantageous application in sensing devices is demonstrated here. In particular, the use of a short‐pulse laser excitation of luminescent metal‐organic framework is reported for the first time to favor the ligand‐based emission. The designed MOF‐based system achieves in vitro H2S dosing by turn‐on fluorescence with unprecedented sensitivity. The Al‐MIL‐101‐based sensor detects sulfide produced by living cells and sulfide‐releasing molecules in physiological media with a constant accuracy at sub‐micromolar levels. The reported sensitivity is suitable for medical applications and opens new perspectives in the design of new point‐of‐care testing devices. The detailed relationship between photoluminescence mechanisms and chemical modification of the MOF upon sensing is also reported.
Across the Board: Pieter Bruijnincx
Authors: Bruijnincx Pieter C. A.
Published: May 2016

In this series of articles, the board members of ChemSusChem discuss recent research articles that they consider of exceptional quality and importance for sustainability. This entry features Dr. Pieter Bruijnincx, who discusses bio‐based approaches to new and existing chemicals for large‐scale polymer applications, highlighting that the development of methodologies to obtain key monomers from biomass leads to new chemistry, aids the transition to a more sustainable chemical industry, and fosters new interdisciplinary approaches.
Carbon content and climate variability drive global soil bacterial diversity patterns
Authors: Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Maestre Fernando T. , Reich Peter B. , Trivedi Pankaj , Osanai Yui , Liu Yu‐Rong , Hamonts Kelly , Jeffries Thomas C. , Singh Brajesh K.
Published: May 2016

Despite the vital role of microorganisms for ecosystem functioning and human welfare, our understanding of their global diversity and biogeographical patterns lags significantly behind that of plants and animals. We conducted a meta‐analysis including ~600 soil samples from all continents to evaluate the biogeographical patterns and drivers of bacterial diversity in terrestrial ecosystems at the global scale. Similar to what has been found with plants and animals, the diversity of soil bacteria in the Southern Hemisphere decreased from the equator to Antarctica. However, soil bacteria showed similar levels of diversity across the Northern Hemisphere. The composition of bacterial communities followed dissimilar patterns between hemispheres, as the Southern and Northern Hemispheres were dominated by Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria, respectively. However, Proteobacteria was co‐dominant in both hemispheres. Moreover, we found a decrease in soil bacterial diversity with altitude. Climatic features (e.g., high diurnal temperature range and low temperature) were correlated with the lower diversity found at high elevations, but geographical gradients in soil total carbon and species turnover were important drivers of the observed latitudinal patterns. We thus found both parallels and differences in the biogeographical patterns of aboveground vs. soil bacterial diversity. Our findings support previous studies that highlighted soil pH, spatial influence, and organic matter as important drivers of bacterial diversity and composition. Furthermore, our results provide a novel integrative view of how climate and soil factors influence soil bacterial diversity at the global scale, which is critical to improve ecosystem and earth system simulation models and for formulating sustainable ecosystem management and conservation policies.
Surface conductivity in electrokinetic systems with porous and charged interfaces: Analytical approximations and numerical results
Authors: Barbati Alexander C. , Kirby Brian J.
Published: May 2016

We derive an approximate analytical representation of the conductivity for a 1D system with porous and charged layers grafted onto parallel plates. Our theory improves on prior work by developing approximate analytical expressions applicable over an arbitrary range of potentials, both large and small as compared to the thermal voltage . Further, we describe these results in a framework of simplifying nondimensional parameters, indicating the relative dominance of various physicochemical processes. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approximate expression with comparisons to numerical representations of the exact analytical conductivity. Finally, we utilize this conductivity expression, in concert with other components of the electrokinetic coupling matrix, to describe the streaming potential and electroviscous effect in systems with porous and charged layers.
Kinetics of the Reactions Prevailing during Packed‐Bed Chemical Looping Combustion of Syngas using Ilmenite
Authors: Ortiz Maria , Gallucci Fausto , Melchiori Tommaso , Spallina Vincenzo , van Sint Annaland Martin
Published: May 2016

Chemical looping combustion has been identified as a very promising technology for power production with integrated carbon dioxide capture. The objective of this work is to study the kinetics of all reactions that are important in the combustion of syngas in a packed‐bed chemical looping reactor by using ilmenite as an oxygen carrier. The reaction kinetics of reduction, with hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and oxidation, with oxygen, of ilmenite‐based pellets have been determined in a thermogravimetric analyzer. The shrinking core model for a spherical geometry was used to obtain the kinetic parameters by considering mixed control by chemical reactions and diffusion through the product layer for all reaction involved. The reduction rate of ilmenite by hydrogen was at least an order of magnitude higher than that by carbon monoxide (especially at higher particle conversions) and the activation energies were found to be 45 and 30 kJ mol−1 for reduction with hydrogen and carbon monoxide, respectively. For the oxidation reaction, a much lower apparent activation energy of 5 kJ mol−1 was found, which indicated that the temperature did not have an important effect on the oxidation kinetics of ilmenite. In addition, the catalytic activity of ilmenite for water gas shift (WGS) was measured in a micro fixed‐bed reactor. An empirical power‐law model was used to describe the kinetics of the WGS reaction over ilmenite.
Long-term water quality data explain interpopulation variation in responsiveness to stress in sticklebacks at both wastewater effluent-contaminated and uncontaminated sites
Authors: Pottinger Tom G. , Matthiessen Peter
Published: May 2016

The magnitude of the corticosteroid response to a standardized stressor varied in proportion to the concentration of effluent in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) captured downstream of 10 wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs). However, at 9 sites with no upstream WWTP input interpopulation variation in the reactivity of the stress axis occurred across a similar range to that seen for fish at impacted sites, suggesting that the factor(s) responsible for modulating stress responsiveness in sticklebacks is not unique to sites receiving WWTP effluent. Physicochemical data from a long-term monitoring program were employed to investigate whether variation in water quality contributed to between-site variation in stress axis reactivity. Between-site variation in 14 water quality determinands explained between 30% and 60% of the variation in stress reactivity and fish size for sticklebacks at both WWTP–contaminated and uncontaminated sites. At uncontaminated sites the mean mass and length of sticklebacks increased with total oxidized nitrogen (N) concentration (as an indicator of anthropogenic input), whereas at WWTP–contaminated sites fish size decreased with increasing effluent concentration, suggesting that factors adversely affecting growth were present predominantly at WWTP–contaminated sites. In contrast, at both contaminated and uncontaminated sites the magnitude of the corticosteroid response to a standardized stressor increased with anthropogenic input (effluent concentration or total oxidized N, respectively), indicating that a factor or factors modulating the reactivity of the stress axis may be present at both WWTP–contaminated and uncontaminated sites. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:3014–3022. © 2016 SETAC
Mind the Gap: 20 Years of Progress and Retrenchment in School Funding and Achievement Gaps
Authors: Baker Bruce D. , Farrie Danielle , Sciarra David G.
Published: May 2016

Although there has been significant progress in the long term, achievement gaps among the nation's students persist. Many factors have contributed to the disparities in outcomes, and societal changes can explain progress, or lack thereof, over the past few decades. This is well documented in the 2010 Educational Testing Service (ETS) reportBlack–White Achievement Gaps: When Progress Stopped, which explored achievement gap trends and identified the changing conditions that may have influenced those trends. In this report, we extend that work by focusing on the relationship between school funding, resource allocation, and achievement among students from low‐income families. We tackle the assumption that greater resources, delivered through fair and equitable school funding systems, could help raise academic outcomes and reduce the achievement gap. The goal is to provide convincing evidence that state finance policies have consequences in terms of the level and distribution of resources, here limited to staffing characteristics, and that the resulting allocation of resources is also associated with changes in both the level of academic achievement and achievement gaps between low‐income children and their peers. Using more than 20 years of revenue and expenditure data for schools, we empirically test the idea that increasing investments in schools generally is associated with greater access to resources as measured by staffing ratios, class sizes, and the competitiveness of teacher wages. When the findings presented here are considered with the strong body of academic literature on the positive relationship between substantive and sustained state school finance reforms and improved student outcomes, a strong case can be made that state and federal policy focused on improving state finance systems to ensure equitable funding and improving access to resources for children from low‐income families is a key strategy to improve outcomes and close achievement gaps.