bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Outcomes between Vaccinated versus Non-Vaccinated Covid-19 Patients
Authors: Safdar Talal , Shafqat Faiza , Mateen Ansari Abida , Ali Amjad , Bilal Muhammad , Imran Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Objective: To compare the outcomes in term of hospital stay and mortality between vaccinated and nonvaccinated covid-19 patients. Study Design: Prospective/Observational Place and Duration: The study was conducted at Medicine department of Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi and Pak International Medical College Hayatabad Peshawar for six months duration from December 2020 to May 2021. Methodology: One hundred ten patients of either gender with covid-19 disease were enrolled. All the patients were confirmed with RT PCR. Patients were randomly divided in to two groups. Group I (vaccinated) comprised of 45 patients and group II (non-vaccinated) comprised of 65 patients. Severity of disease, hospital stay and mortality were compared between both groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. Results: There were 74 (67.27%) males while 36 (32.73%) patients were females. Mean age of patients was 50.54±12.76 years. Mean BMI was 26.23±2.44 kg/m2. 10 (22.22%) patients in vaccinated group and 40 (61.54%) in nonvaccinated group had severe covid-19 disease, a significant difference was observed regarding severity of disease between both groups with p-value <0.05. Mortality rate and hospital stay were also high in nonvaccinated patients as compared to vaccinated (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that non-vaccinated patients of covid-19 had prolonged hospital stay and high rate of severity of disease and mortality as compared to vaccinated patients. Keywords: Covid-19, Vaccination, Severity, Hospital Stay, Mortality
Efficacy and Safety of Immediate Postpartum Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices in C-Section and Vaginal Deliveries
Authors: Mehmood Bushra , Khaliq Sumayya , Naeem Syeda Khalida , Saeed Khadija , Sadaf Rizwan Aesha
Published: November 2021

Aim: To determine the safety and efficacy of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices insertion after vaginal and caesarean and vaginal deliveries. Study Design: Retrospective study Place & Duration: Conducted at Gyne & Obs Department, Shahida Islam Teaching Hospital Lodhran, during from 1-06-2020 to 30-06-2021. Methods: In this study 120 patients were included in this study. Patients’ ages were ranging from 20 to 45 years. Patients’ detailed medical history including age, residence and socioeconomic status were examined after taking written consent. All the patients divided into two groups, 60 caesarean, 60 vaginal. IPPIUCDs were inserted in all the patients. Outcomes were examined at follow-up and compared between both groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. P-value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: 48 (40%) patients had ages between 20 to 30 years, 56 (46.7%) patients had ages 31 to 40 years and 16 (13.3%) patients had ages above 40 years. Complications rate was low. Perforation and pregnancy rate was 0%. Menstrual disturbance reported in 20 (16.7%) which was significantly higher in vaginal group. Expulsion rate was 9 (7.5%) and significant higher in vaginal group p<0.05. Removal was done in 14 (11.7%) cases and rate of removal of IUCD was high in vaginal group. Continuation rate at follow-up was 106 (88.3%). Conclusion: It is concluded that the insertion of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices was effective and safe method with low complications rate.
Mitochondrial Protective Role of Curcumin in Sodium Valproate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats
Authors: Shaneh Moein
Published: November 2021

Sodium valproate, a medicine for epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric disorders, damages kidney tissue, especially its mitochondria. Thus, the current research was aimed at evaluating the potential of curcumin against the sodium valproate-induced nephrotoxicity. Animals utilized in this research were categorized into six groups including the first group as control, the second as valproate (500mg/kg), the third, fourth, and fifth groups as rats treated with a combination of valproate and curcumin (25 up to 100 mg/kg), and the sixth group only was administrated with curcumin (100 mg/kg). All the treatments were performed for six consecutive weeks. The results indicated that the function and swelling significantly increased while membrane potential decreased in kidney mitochondria by using 100 mg kg-1 curcumin. Moreover, the protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde significantly decreased in kidney tissue, whereas glutathione slightly increased after curcumin treatment. Taken together, our findings for the first time suggested that curcumin confers mitochondrial protection against sodium valproate-induced nephrotoxicity and can be used to antagonize sodium valproate nephrotoxicity. Keywords: Curcumin; Kidney; Mitochondria; Nephrotoxicity.
Dental Anxiety among Students of Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Chishti Faiza , Hassan Hammad , R. Qazi Samir
Published: November 2021

Objective: Current study aimed to explore the dental anxiety level among students in schools existing in Lahore. Method: This study was descriptive cross-sectional in nature. Data of 300 students was collected from three schools. Students with age of 13years or above were included in study. MDAS was used to collect data with a section of demographics. SPSS version 23.0 was used for data analysis. Results: Mean MDAS score of the sample was 14.11±4.330. The frequency of mild anxiety (MDAS <11) was 21.3%, moderate to severe anxiety (MDAS 11 to 18) was 62.7%, and dental phobia (MDAS 19 to 25) was 16.0%. Conclusion: Dental anxiousness was found in more than half of the students. Keywords: Dental anxiety, Students, Dental phobia, Extraction
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Vaginal infection among women in Reproductive age group at Hassan Shami Camp
Authors: Thannoon Aldulaimy Duaa Edrees , Hazim Almukhtar Salwa
Published: November 2021

During the reproductive age, it may be for women. Some diseases can be transmitted through a sexual partner or a disturbance in the normal flora of the vagina, as in vaginal infection. The Objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence and types of vaginal infections, also to explore the related risk factors of vaginal infection among women in the reproductive age Group at Hassan-Sham Camp, and find out the relationship between a sociodemographic characteristic and vaginal infection. Cross-sectional descriptive study for 145 women, visiting primary health care centers at Hassan Shami camp from a period (6th December 2020 to 25th February 2021) by obtaining vaginal swab and investigating it, for verify the types of vaginitis. The finding indicates the prevalence of bacterial vaginal infection (29.7%), mixed Bacteria and candida (26.9%), fungal infection(candida)(25.5%), mixed(candida and parasite)(1.4%), and(16.6%) normal flora, and the study illustrates the correlation between the sociodemographic data and vaginal infection was nonsignificant. The study showed the water used for daily practices has a crucial role in causing bacterial vaginal infection, also showed a significant effect between obstetrical data, Sexuality data (except U.T.I. for husband), lifestyle data except(smoking), genital area care practices, medical history except(anemia), signs and symptoms of vaginitis and vaginal infection. Necessary to open laboratories in PHCC of the camp and open special sections for nursing education to raise health awareness among women, providing the displaced a suitable living environment. Keywords: vaginal infection, risk factors, Hassan Shami camp
Estudio comparativo de la densidad de siembra y su efecto sobre la producción de forraje y calidad nutricional de pastos perennes asociados, en condiciones alto andinas del Perú
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Ucayali, Arias-Arredondo Alberto Gilmer , Pantoja-Aliaga César Enrique , Cruz Luis Juancarlos Alejandro , Atanacio Carvajal Alfonso , Candela Barra Christian Miguel , Lopez Rodriguez Melina
Published: November 2021

The study was carried out in the central highlands of Peru at 3,900 meters above sea level, in the Casaracra experimental center of the Daniel Alcides Carrión National University, where the objective was to determine and analyze the forage yield and nutritional quality of the associated grasses in different density is sowing. In forage production, the values of green matter and dry matter and the percentage of dry matter were determined; in nutritional quality, the nutritional variables% PT, %NDF, %FDA, % Ca and% P were analyzed. a completely randomized design was used. The results for forage yield for treatment 1 in MV was 3.54 kg / m2 and DM 0.68 kg / m2, in treatment 2 in MV it was 2.61 kg / m2 and DM 0.72 kg / m2, for treatment 3 in MV it was 3.07 kg / m2 and DM 0.98 kg / m2 and finally in treatment 4 the MV was 2.48 kg / m2 and DM 0.93 kg / m2. The nutritional quality for treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 in% PT (15.56, 15.21, 6.81 and 5.37), % FDN (48.85, 43.82, 43.34 and 41.89), % FDA (28.82, 26.31, 27.27 and 24.43), % Ca (0.86, 0.80, 0.33 and 0.17), %P (0.25, 0.24, 0.18 and 0.07) respectively. Where it is concluded that treatment 4 showed acceptable fiber content in sheep feeding.
Comparison of Consumer Perceptions of the Marketing Mix at the Indomaret Minimarket with the Alfamart Minimarket in Pagar Alam City
Authors: Baheramsyah Baheramsyah , Novriansyah Novriansyah
Published: November 2021

This study examines the ratio of consumer perceptions of Price, Product, Promotion and Place at the Indomaret Minimarket and Alfamart Minimarket in Pagar Alam City. This research is a comparative research. To determine the respondents using accidential sampling, while the number of respondents in this study were 100 respondents. The data collection method used consists of the following methods: Questionnaire and documentation. Meanwhile, to find out the relationship between the variables the author uses the method of calculating validity, reliability, and the sample of respondents using the SPSS 16.0 analysis tool. The results showed that the difference in price, product, promotion and place by respondents to the Indomaret Minimarket and Alfamart Minimarket in Pagar Alam
DEVELOPMENT OF ACECLOFENAC OSMOTIC PUMP TABLET FOR CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: Kumar A. , Singh B. K. , Joshi D. K. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kumaun University Campus Bhimtal, Uttarakhand – 263 136, India.
Published: November 2021

Based on monolithic osmotic pump, aceclofenac tablet for controlled drug release system was developed to deliver the drug in a zero order kinetic mode. These osmotic tablets containing 100 mg Aceclofenac were prepared and coated with microporous membrane. The Osmotic Controlled Tablets (OCT) was prepared by using variables like osmogen and osmopolymer. All the tablets were examined and evaluated for physical parameters as well as the in vitro drug release characteristics, studied on USP dissolution apparatus II in 0.1N HCl and phosphate buffer pH 6.8. The drug releases from OCT were found to be dependent on types of osmogens and osmopolymer. All the formulations showed prolonged and controlled aceclofenac release. Sodium chloride based formulation exhibit slightly higher rate and extent of drug release than potassium chloride. Pectin and sodium chloride based tablets offered high push significantly due to higher osmotic pressure.
NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: AN OPPORTUNITY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTISTS IN INDIA
Authors:   Director-Research (Health Sciences), Manipal, Udupa Dr. Nayanabhirama
Published: November 2021

Dear Reader, Innumerable drug delivery systems are available for the introduction of the drugs into the body to treat various diseases, to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and to improve patient compliance. These systems include oral controlled systems, parenteral systems, nasal and pulmonary systems, transdermal systems, nanoparticles, dendrimers, lipid based systems (liposomes, nanostructured lipid carriers, etc), self-regulated systems and targeted drug delivery systems.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF BUOYANT MICROSPHERES OF NIZATIDINE BY SPRAY DRYING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Palekar N. G , Keny R. V. , Jagtap V. A ,   Dept. of Pharmaceutics, Yashwantrao Bhonsale College of Pharmacy, Sawantwadi, Sindhudurg 416 510, Maharashtra, India.
Published: November 2021

The objective of the present investigation was to formulate multiparticulate buoyant dosage form of nizatidine, a H2-receptor antagonist widely prescribed in gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers. The short biological half-life (1 -2 hours), maximum absorption in initial part of small intestine, colonic metabolism of nizatidine favors, development of gastro retentive floating dosage form. Buoyant microspheres of nizatidine were prepared by spray drying technique using hydroxylpropyl methylcellulose and ethylcellulose as the rate controlling polymers. The prepared multiparticulate system were evaluated for various physicochemical parameters such as flow properties, in vitro buoyancy (floating lag time, total floating time), swelling studies, drug content and in vitro drug release. The shape and surface morphology of prepared microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The formulated multiparticulate buoyant dosage form of nizatidine may be used in clinic for prolonged drug release in stomach for at least 12 hrs, thus improving the bioavailability of the drug during ulcer treatment.
EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT, HYPOGLYCAEMIC, ANTIDIABETIC AND ALPHA AMYLASE INHIBITING ACTIVITIES OF SARGASSUM WIGHTII COLLECTED FROM THE EAST COAST OF INDIA
Authors: Mohapatra L , Bhattamisra S. K , Panigrahy R. C , Parida S. ,   Dhanvantri Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhadradri Kothagudem - 507 101, Telangana, India.
Published: November 2021

This study evaluated the antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antidiabetic and alpha amylase inhibiting activities of Sargassum wightii. Antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of this seaweed was evaluated and extract having promising antioxidant activity was further studied for hypoglycaemic and antidiabetic activity in normal and alloxan induced diabetic mice, respectively, at 100 and 200mg/ kg after toxicity evaluation. Ethyl acetate extract of S. wightii (EAS) has shown promising antioxidant, hypoglycemic and antidiabetic activity. Total phenol content for EAS was 250.09 ± 4.41mg/g. Fasting plasma glucose level in normal mice was significantly (p<0.05) decreased after 6 days of EAS (200mg/ kg) treatment. EAS at 100 and 200mg/kg has significantly (p<0.05) attenuated AUC of OGTT of diabetic mice. EAS was also found to have potent in vitro alpha-amylase inhibiting property. The current findings suggest that the anti-diabetic activity of S. wightii might be due to its underlying antioxidant, hypoglycemic and alpha-amylase inhibiting property.
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF 1,3,5-TRISUBSTITUTED PYRAZOLINES AS ANTIMALARIAL–ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
Authors: Sonker S. , Pathak D ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, NH#2, Delhi-Mathura Highway, P.O. Chhatikara, Mathura - 281 001 Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: November 2021

A convenient and efficient reaction of chalcone for the synthesis of highly functionalized pyrazole and pyridine has been developed. Many pieces of evidence point out the relevance of natural compounds for malaria and its prevention, including chalcones. Ring substituted quinolines are synthesized as the emerging class of antimalarial agents. Two series i.e. 4-(3-(substituted phenyl)-5-(2,6-dichloroquinolin-3-yl)-4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzene sulfonamide (4a-4e) and [5-(2,6-dichloroquinolin-3-yl)-3-(substituted phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyridine-3-yl-methanone.(4a’-4e’) were synthesized. Above mentioned compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Attempt has been made to investigate the mechanism behind the formation of substituted quinolines. All the synthesized substituted quinolines have shown moderate to good antimalarial activity and good antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal strains. Compounds 4a and 4d’ were found to be the candidate compounds to investigate further for its potential antimalarial and antimicrobial activity.
STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL GURU PADA PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI SELAMA PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH
Authors: Purandina I Putu Yoga
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fenomena Strategi Komunikasi Interpersonal Guru dalam pembelajaran jarak jauh pada saat Pandemi COVID-19 di Taman Kanak-kanak Tunas Mekar Desa Tegaljadi dan untuk mengetahui hambatan yang ditemukan dalam penerapan strategi komunikasi interpersonal oleh guru selama Pandemi di Desa Tunas Mekar Tegaljadi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan lembar observasi dan pedoman wawancara kepada guru dan orang tua. Adapun hasilnya, pertama, ada tiga strategi komunikasi interpersonal yang digunakan guru dalam remote teaching saat Pandimic COVID-19 di TK Tunas Mekar; 1) Komunikasi sebagai Tindakan atau Komunikasi Satu Arah, 2) Komunikasi sebagai Interaksi atau Komunikasi Dua Arah, dan 3) Komunikasi Banyak-Arah atau Komunikasi Transaksi. Kedua, terdapat beberapa kendala yang ditemukan dalam penerapan strategi komunikasi tersebut yang paling mendasar adalah respon atau feedback yang lambat dari siswa dan orang tua, anak cepat bosan atau kehilangan fokus, dan masalah teknis terkait jaringan internet. .
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN METODE BERCERITA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENYIMAK ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Yuni Astiti Ni Luh , Rasmini Ni Wayan , Drajati Ekaningtyas Ni Luh
Published: November 2021

Early childhood has an exceptionally high creative mind power, so parental direction is required in associating in their lives, one of which is by utilizing the narrating technique. This examination utilizes a quantitative distinct technique with the kind of investigation. In this examination, see, audit and depict mathematically the item under investigation for what it's worth and reach determinations about it as indicated by the wonders that seemed when the exploration was directed through probes youth in the Pagutan Worms Climate. The technique for narrating in youth in the Pagutan worm climate is brought out through direct narrating with the media of picture story books. The expansion in listening capacity in youngsters can be seen from the information before the treatment (pre test) has a normal of 16.8 with an absolute score of 152 and after the treatment (post test) has a normal worth of 27.3 with an all out score of 246. So it tends to be seen an increment in the normal worth of 10.5. Hence the impact of utilizing the narrating strategy on youngsters' listening abilities is extremely sure.
PENGARUH PEMANFAATAN MEDIA SOSIAL WHATSAPP TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN AGAMA HINDU DAN BUDI PEKERTI
Authors: Padmiyani Ni Wayan Ayunita , Dyatmika Gede Eka Puja , Armayani Ni Made Ria Taurisia
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of WhatsApp social media on the learning outcomes of Hindu religious education and character for class X students at SMK Negeri 4 Mataram in the 2020/2021 academic year. This study uses a quantitative approach and is an ex post facto research using correlational associative analysis. Ex post facto research is research that examines causal relationships that are not manipulated or treated (designed and implemented) by the researcher. Data were collected using questionnaires and documentation.

The data analysis technique uses product moment correlation. The results of the study indicate that there is an effect of the use of WhatsApp social media on the learning outcomes of Hindu religious education and character for class X students at SMK Negeri 4 Mataram in the 2020/2021 academic year. The magnitude of the influence of the use of WhatsApp social media on the learning outcomes of Hindu religious education and the character of class X students (rxy) is 0.378, while the contribution of WhatsApp social media is 14.28%. This means that there is another factor of 85.72% of the learning outcomes of Hindu religious education and character for class X students at SMK Negeri 4 Mataram.

The conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of the use of WhatsApp social media on the learning outcomes of Hindu religious education and character for class X students at SMK Negeri 4 Mataram in the 2020/2021 academic year, with the contribution of using WhatsApp social media by 14.28%. Base on the research result, applied social media WhatsApp can be use in other learning.
Peran Perempuan Pengrajin Tampah Dalam Peningkatkan Ekonomi Keluarga
Authors: Khasanah Nur
Published: November 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana perempuan pengrajin tampah untuk menyokong perekonomian keluarga. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu rumah tangga yang menjadi pengrajin tampah di Desa Kembangsawit, Kecamatan Ambal, Kabupaten Kebumen. Data yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah data Primer yaitu data yang diperoleh dari hasil observasi dan wawancara langsung dengan responden. Untuk mengetahui alasan-alasan yang mendorong perempuan (ibu rumah tangga) bekerja sebagai pengrajin tampah, digunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan frekuensi pilihan alasan-alasan tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini antara lain: alasan-alasan perempuan memilih bekerja sebagai Pengrajin Tampah diantaranya adalah dikarena keinginan membantu suami dalam menambah penghasilan keluarga yang didorong oleh faktor beban tanggungan keluarga yang juga semakin besar. Selain itu, Kontribusi pendapatan perempuan Pengrajin Tampah terhadap pendapatan keluarga pada umumnya adalah sedang, dengan kisaran kontribusi 40% â€“ 59% dari total penghasilan keluarga. Kondisi ini dapat menjadi kekuatan perempuan untuk ikut serta dalam pengambilan keputusan dalam rumah tangganya, sehingga keberadaan perempuan dalam keluarga menjadi lebih penting dan dihargai.
A rare moss Grimmia nepalensis Mitt. (Bryophyta) New to India
Authors: Sahu Vinay , Asthana A.
Published: November 2021

During investigation on the bryophytes of the Govind Wildlife Sanctuary, Grimmia nepalensis has been identified for the first time from this region. It is a new record for India and has been collected after about 150 years since its original collection from Nepal. The species is endemic to the Himalaya.
Flowering Behavior of Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell. Arg. in Three Forest Communities of Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, Bahraich, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Rawat K.K. , Gupta Dayanidhi , Sahai Kanak
Published: November 2021

Flowering behavior of Mallotus philippensis was studied in the three forest communities, viz. Sal forest, Teak plantation and Dry miscellaneous forest of Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary. It was observed that though its vegetative performance is well adapted under different conditions of the forest, reproductive behavior was greatly affected by the nature of the forest type. Dry miscellaneous forest was the best habitat for Mallotus philippensis with highest flowering and flowering traits while Teak plantation had lowest.
On the Distribution of Some Rare Species in Neora Valley National Park, Darjeeling, West Bengal
Authors: Ranjan Vinay , Kumar Anant , Krishna Gopal
Published: November 2021

Cardamine circaeoides Hook.f. & Thomson, Codonopsis gracilis Hook.f. & Thomson, Synotis rufinervis (DC.) C. Jeffrey & Y.L. Chen and Synotis vagans (Wall. ex DC.) C. Jeffrey & Y.L. Chen from Neora Valley National Park, Darjeeling are being reported here as new distributional record for West Bengal.
A Note on the Taxonomy and Typification of Eastern Himalayan Felt Fern Pyrrosia boothi (Hook.) Ching
Authors: Kholia Bhupendra
Published: November 2021

Pyrrosia boothii is a rare fern of Eastern Himalayan sect with a narrow distribution and listed under the different categories of IUCN. During British Raj in India this species was reported only from Bhutan. Though there are some collections from Sikkim but they remain unnoticed for nearly a century, furthermore, there is no collection of this species from Sikkim by subsequent Indian workers. Recently present author recollected it from Sikkim after the gap of nearly 125 years. During the typification Hovenkamp cited Holotype but the species was published with syntypes which is corrected here. In present communication history, collection, taxonomy, nomenclature and typification of this rare fern are discussed in brief.
Methane Emission Estimation from Managed and Unmanaged Municipal Solid Waste Dumping Sites of Dehradun, Uttarakhand
Authors:   Ecology, Climate Change and Forest Influence Division, Forest Research Institute, P.O. - New Forest, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, PIN : 248006, Bhushan Amrendra ,   Research Management and Outreach Division, National Institute of Hydrology (NIH), Rookee, Uttarakhand, India, PIN : 247667, Tripathi A.K. ,   Ecology, Climate Change and Forest Influence Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, PIN : 247667, Gupta Ajay Kumar ,   Ecology, Climate Change and Forest Influence Division, Forest Research Institute, P.O. - New Forest, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, PIN : 248006
Published: November 2021

Rapid industrialisation, urbanisation, population explosion and change in lifestyle of the people are directly affecting the consumption pattern which finally results into the higher municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. In the present study, the accounting of the methane for two MSW dumping sites of Dehradun with different management regime was made for the year 2011 using three different methodologies viz. Default Method (DM), Modified Triangular Model (MTM) and First Order Decay (FOD) Model. These two dumping sites were- Nanurkheda (as managed) and Vikasnagar (as unmanaged). Both the dumping sites receive a variety of mixed MSW collected from households of the city. For MTM and FOD Model, year 2003 was assumed as base year or starting year (although Vikasnagar site was started in 1996) as these two methods need current as well as chronological MSW data. The annual methane emission from Nanurkheda dumping site using DM, MTM and FOD Model was 909 tonnes, 744 tonnes and 159 tonnes respectively; whereas from Vikasnagar dumping site, it was 31 tonnes, 33 tonnes and 5.39 tonnes respectively.
Hydrogeochemistry and Groundwater Quality Evaluation in a Part of Ratnagiri District Maharashtra
Authors: Sen Ratan , Singh Neha , Singh Priyadarshini , Vishwakarma Chandrashekhar , Rena Vikas , Mukherjee Saumitra
Published: November 2021

In the present work attempt has been made to determine the groundwater quality in four talukas of Ratnagiri district: Chiplun, Khed, Guhagar and Dapoli. Total 60 groundwater samples were collected from borewells and handpumps in premonsoon and postmonsoon season. The groundwater samples were analyzed for pH, EC, TDS, Ca, Na, Mg, K, HCO3, Cl, SO4, NO3, Fe and F to comprehend the hydrogeochemistry of the study area. The spatio temporal variation of the major cations and anions has been shown in interpolation maps. The groundwater has concentration of iron above permissible limit in the industrial area of LoteParshuram. Piper trilinear diagram has been plotted to understand the hydrochemical facies that showed that water is mainly Ca-Cl-HCO3 type. Durov diagram was used to know the hydrogeochemical nature of the groundwater. The scatter plot diagram of concentration of calcium and magnesium against bicarbonate and sulfate of groundwater indicates that silicate weathering is dominating the area. Chloro Alkaline Indices showed that there is direct exchange of ions in most of the samples. Trends in mineral saturation indices have been studied by the PHREEQC. The groundwater showed oversaturation of iron. Water quality index based on WHO parameters has been calculated which showed that majority of water samples are recommended for drinking purpose except few samples which have very high iron concentration. The suitability of groundwater for the purpose of Irrigation has been determined by evaluating parameters Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percent (% Na), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Magnesium Ratio, Kelley Ratio and Permeability Index. The results showed that most of the groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation.
Air Quality Index Analysis Using Single-Valued Neutrosophic Plithogenic Graph for Multi-Decision Process
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering,  Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, Visakhapatnam,  Andhra Pradesh, India, Singh Prem Kumar
Published: November 2021

Recently, Plithogenic set and its graphical structure visualization is stuide for dealing with multi-attribute data set. In this pocess a problem arises while characterization of uncertainty in tue, false and uncertain regions, independently. One of the suitable examples is Air Quality Index and its impact on human health contains multi-valued attributes. In this case the conflict may arise among two experts about acceptation, rejection and uncertain impact of AQI for human health. To resolve this issue a single-valued neutrosophic Plithogenic set and its graphical strcutue visualization is discussed in this paper with an illustrative example.
ANALISIS TERHADAP PEMIKIRAN HAMKA DAN MUHAMMAD IQBAL TENTANG TUJUAN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Zahroh Lailatu
Published: November 2021

Tujuan merupakan standar usaha yang dapat ditentukan, serta mengarahkan usaha yang akan dilalui dan merupakan titik pangkal untuk mencapai tujuan-tujuan lain. Disamping itu, tujuan dapat membatasi ruang gerak usaha, agar kegiatan dapat terfokus pada apa yang dicita-citakan, dan yang terpenting lagi adalah dapat memberI penilaian atau evaluasi pada usaha-usaha pendidikan. Pendidikan seharusnya berorientasi pada tujuan yang ingin dicapai, bukan semata-mata berorientasi pada sederetan materi, karena itulah tujuan pendidikan harus dirumuskan terlebih dahulu sebelum merumuskan komponen pendidikan yang lain Bagaimanakah tujuan pendidikan menurut Muhammad Iqbal dan HAMKA? Apa persamaan dan perbedaan antara keduanya?
ANALISIS MANAJEMEN RISIKO TI MENGGUNAKAN SEVEN ENABLERS BERDASARKAN COBIT 5 FOR RISK (Studi Kasus: PT. ABC)
Authors: Farikhah Nurul , Fauzi Rokhman , Dewi Fitriyana
Published: November 2021

PT. ABC merupakan salah satu perusahaan dibidang teknologi informasi yang berfokus pada pembuatan system integrator, engineering service, weighting system, IoT development, software development, dan navigation service. Layanan yang diberikan oleh perusahaan ini meliputi web development, web maintenance, registrasi domain, web hosting, serta pembuatan aplikasi mobile. Dalam menjalankan aktivitas perusahaan, peran manajemen risiko TI sangat penting dan harus meninjau kepada aspek struktur organisasi, budaya, etika, dan perilaku agar manajemen perusahaan pada PT. ABC berjalan dengan baik. Namun, dalam hal ini PT. ABC belum menerapkan manajemen risiko TI sehingga kondisi manajemen risiko saat ini belum optimal. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kondisi manajemen risiko saat ini pada PT. ABC menggunakan COBIT 5 for Risk yang merupakan salah satu framework yang berfokus pada manajemen risiko TI. Penelitian ini berfokus pada dua aspek dari seven enablers pada COBIT 5 for Risk yaitu Organisational Structure dan Culture, Ethics, and Behaviour. Dalam penilaian risiko terhadap masing-masing aspek ditemukannya kesenjangan kondisi saat ini di perusaahn dengan kondisi ideal COBIT 5 for Risk sehingga penelitian ini menghasilkan rekomendasi yang terbagi menjadi tiga aspek yaitu people, process, dan technology.
TENGGELAMNYA MUSEUM KAMI: MUSEUM DAN PERUBAHAN IKLIM
Authors: Handoni Hilman
Published: November 2021

Perubahan iklim dan naiknya permukaan air laut telah mengancam aneka sektor kehidupan termasuk museum—baik koleksi, bangunan, maupun pengunjungnya. Sebagai lembaga yang punya fungsi “melayani masyarakat dan pembangunannya”, museum punya tanggung jawab sosial membicarakan hal ini. Namun, nyatanya masih banyak museum yang tak punya kosakata atau belum banyak berbicara tentang perubahan iklim, misalnya, melalui program publiknya. Dengan pengamatan serta penelitian pustaka dan pemberitaan di media massa, tulisan ini menginvestigasi mengapa museum harus membicarakan perkara pokok ini. Bagaimana pula museum bisa membayangkan apa yang harus dilakukan dalam kondisi darurat iklim ini.
Lumbung dalam Perspektif Budaya Sumatra: Menginterpretasi Koleksi Museum Nasional
Authors: Rizqika Mawaddatul Khusna , Hadianto Fajar Ichsan
Published: November 2021

Manusia dan lingkungan hidupnya merupakan dua entitas yang tidak dapat dipisahkan. Dalam mempertahankan eksistensinya, manusia dengan segala kemampuan daya pikirnya melakukan adaptasi dalam menghadapi kondisi alambsekitar. Salah satu upaya ini terlihat pada budaya materi hasil kreasi manusia berupa lumbung. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah mengungkapkan makna dari keberadaan lumbung yang dalam perspektif budaya tidak hanya berhenti pada hal biologis dan fisiologis semata terkait pangan, tetapi juga melibatkan serangkaian proses. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan berbasis pada koleksi miniatur lumbung milik Museum Nasional. Lumbung-lumbung tersebut berasal dari wilayah daratan Sumatra sebagai representasi masyarakat agraris dengan kondisi lingkungan yang khas. Lumbung dalam kacamata arsitektur vernakular memiliki benang merah kuat antara manusia, lingkungan hidupnya, dan ketersediaan sumber daya alam. Lumbung memperlihatkan kesadaran manusia terhadap hari-hari mendatang dan masa depan.

 

Human and their environment are two inseparable entities. In maintaining their existence, human uses their ability of thinking to adapt in any environment. One of human efforts to adapt is the invention of the material culture known as lumbung. This research aims to reveal the meaning of lumbung existence from the cultural perspective which not only discusses about biological and physiological aspects related to food suplies but also involvement of series on cultural process. This research uses qualitative method which based on Museum Nasional lumbung collection. The lumbung collections are from Sumatra that represent the agrarian society with unique environment. Furthermore, lumbung in the view of vernacular architecture has strong relationship between humans with their environment as well as the availability of natural resources. It can be said that lumbung is the evidence about human awareness of the up coming days.
DINAMIKA TENUN LURIK JAWA DI TENGAH PASANG SURUT USAHA
Authors: Hasyim Mustofa Wazir , Wibowo Erwito , Purwanti Tatik
Published: November 2021

Teknologi pembuatan kain tradisional yang menghasilkan tenun lurik di Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur dan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta telah dikenal sejak lama. Teknologi yang dipakai masih sederhana berupa tenun gendong atau tenun gedog  dan hanya perempuan yang boleh mempergunakan alat ini. Motif kain dan warna yang dihasilkan juga masih terbatas untuk kain yang dipergunakan sehari-hari dan untuk upacara adat. Baru setelah muncul teknologi alat tenun bukan mesin (ATBM) tenun lurik menjadi berkembang pesat. Para lelaki dengan tangkas menggunakan alat ini, sementara motif kain yang dihasilkan menjadi beragam dengan warna yang cerah dan dapat menjangkau konsumen benda fashion dan interior rumah tangga. Meski demikian, dunia tenun lurik mengalami pasang surut, kondisinya menjadi dinamis sekali. Apalagi setelah ditemukannya serat  alami dan dikembangkannya pewarna alami, penggabungan antara tenun dan batik membuat produk tenun lurik bisa menjangkau pasar yang lebih luas. Tulisan yang menggambarkan dinamika tenun lurik ini merupakan hasil wawancara keliling oleh tiga penulisnya di Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, dan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta setahun yang lalu dan diperkaya dengan bahan bacaan yang relevan untuk tujuan ini.

 

The technology behind lurik fabric processing in Central Java, East Java, and West Java, has been known for a long time. It used a very simple technique, that only needed a “tenun gendong” or “tenun gedog” tool and it is only allowed to be used by women. It also only produced limited patterns and colours, which used in daily life and traditional ritual. Only after ATBM (Alat Tenun Bukan Mesin or Non-Machine Tenun Tool) was founded, lurik grows rapidly. Men are skillful with this tool, and then patterns of lurik also become diversed with brighter colours, latter it also

becomes a trend in fashion and house interior. However, the world of lurik has been  through bad and good times, so it is dynamic along the changes. Especially, after the use of natural fiber and developed as lurik’s material, and the combination of tenun and batik generated products that could reach wider market. This essay was written based on interviews by three writers in Central Java, East Java, and Special District of Yogyakarta last year to understand the dynamic of the lurik itself. The data was also enriched by related literature for this purpose.
Exploring Secondary School EFL Teachers’ Assessment Literacy in Practice: A Case Study in China
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan
Published: November 2021

Assessment literacy (AL) has emerged as an important research field during the past decade, yet it remains a great challenge for secondary school EFL teachers in China to appropriately enact their assessment literacy. Due attention needs to be paid to research upon teachers’ conceptions of assessment (CoA) and assessment practice. Based upon a semester’s observation of the English classes in a secondary school in China, weekly meetings on English teaching and research, a focus group interview, individual interviews, documents such as the participants’ lesson plans and reflective journals, this qualitative study aims at exploring: (1) what are the conceptions of assessment of the participating secondary EFL teachers? (2) what is the teachers’ assessment literacy in practice (TALiP)? (3) How could their assessment literacy be enhanced? 

Self-reported findings show that the EFL teachers have a wide scope of conceptions of assessment and individual variations in their assessment practices. The former range from knowledge of assessment purposes and criteria to regarding assessment as learning (AaL), and the latter from giving instant feedback of nodding or simple comments to practicing assessment for learning (AfL) in classroom teaching. Findings from observation also reveal that when tempting AaL, the participants could generally achieve AfL to some extent. Implications for further teacher professional development are discussed concerning how to enhance assessment literacy mentoring in internship and in-service training.
Ionic Disorders in Malaria and Dengue Co-Infection
Authors: Soudre Fabienne M. , Kouraogo Arnaud , Kiba Alice T.C.R. , Karfo Raoul , Guiguemde Thierry , Kabore Bibata , Kabre Elie , Sakande Jean
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate ionic disorders in malaria and dengue co-infection at Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Material and methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection, carried out in the laboratory of the Pediatric University Hospital Charles de Gaulle in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, from January 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2019. The study was on patients who performed a thick blood drop/smear, dengue serology and blood ionogram.

Results: On 1405 cases included in the study, 102 patients (7.26%) were confirmed of malaria. Dengue serology was positive in 235 patients (16.72%). The frequency of co-infection was 1.14% (n=16). The mean age of the patients was 9.93 years and the age group of 0 to 15 years represented 78.93% of the cases. There was a male predominance with a sex ratio (M/F) of 2.58. Hyponatremia (40%), hypocalcemia (40%), hypokalemia (30%) and hypophosphatemia (30%) were the main blood ionogram disturbances in malaria and dengue co-infection. The statistically significant disturbances in case of malaria and dengue co-infection were the absence of hypobicarbonatemia (p=0.036).

Conclusion: Malaria and dengue are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in Burkina Faso. Although co-infection was rare in the study (1.14%), it was associated with several blood ionogram disturbances. Evaluation and consideration of these disturbances during treatment would contribute to a better care of patients.
Learning and teaching by literature. "Casus" of Polish romanticism created in country
Authors: Gruntkowska Dominika
Published: November 2021

This article is devoted to the issue of one of the methods of informal education in the Romantic period, namely literature. Polish modern national consciousness was formed during the partitions, and the place of its formation was the émigré literature. The ideas flowing from it penetrate into the literature created in the country, the latter being more involved in the creation and dissemination of national patterns in society. The issue of imitating in domestic literature the patterns developed by bards is also raised.
Combining Fog and Cloud Computing to Support Spatial Analytics in Smart Cities
Authors: Clarindo João Paulo , C. Castro João Pedro , D. Aguiar Cristina
Published: November 2021

Spatial data generated by an Internet of Things (IoT) network is important to assist the spatial analytics process in issues related to smart cities. In these cities, IoT devices generate spatial data constantly. Thus, data can get increasingly voluminous very fast. In this paper, we investigate the challenge of managing these data through the use of a spatial data warehouse designed over a parallel and distributed data processing framework extended with a spatial analytics system. We propose an architecture aimed to assist a smart cities manager in the decision-making process. This architecture integrates a cloud layer where these technologies are located with a fog computing layer for extracting, transforming and loading the data into the spatial data warehouse. Furthermore, we introduce a set of guidelines to aid smart cities managers to implement the proposed architecture. These guidelines describe and discuss important issues that should be faced by the managers. We validate our architecture with a case study that uses real data collected by IoT devices in a smart city. This case study encompasses the execution of three different categories of spatial queries, demonstrating the architecture's efficacy and effectiveness to support spatial analytics in the context of smart cities.
Neurotoxic Agents and Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Eskut Neslihan , Koskderelioglu Asli
Published: November 2021

Neurotoxicity may develop with exposure to various substances such as antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, heavy metals, and solvents. Some plants and fungi are also known to be neurotoxic. Neurotoxicity can develop acutely within hours, or it can develop as a result of exposure for years. Neurotoxicity can be presented with central or peripheral nervous system findings such as neurobehavioral symptoms, extrapyramidal signs, peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral nerve fibers are affected in different ways by neurotoxicant injury. The pattern of injury depends on the target structure involved. The focus of this chapter includes signs, symptoms, pathophysiology, and treatment options of neurotoxicity.
Assessing the Sustainability of Community-Driven Development Projects in Lao PDR
Authors: Wongpit Piya , Phonvisay Alay , Sisengnam Keuangkham , Inthakesone Bounmy
Published: November 2021

The Community-Driven Development (CDD) approach has been applied to more than 5,000 subprojects in 2,000 villages in the Lao PDR. CDD has the potential to make poverty reduction efforts more responsive to the need, more inclusive, more sustainable, and more cost-effective than traditional, centrally led programs. Many CDD projects could not survive due to financial support since many CDD projects could not sustain costs. The overall objective of this research is to assess the sustainability of CDD projects in Lao PDR with the specific objectives to investigate whether the degree of community contribution does matter for the current existence of CDD projects and to assess whether the community’s contribution could enhance the current performance of CDD projects. Logit regression is the main model to analyze the impact of the community’s contribution to the sustainability of CDD projects in Lao PDR. The result suggests that community participation in labor and finance are key factors for the sustainability of CDD projects.
Lean Manufacturing towards Green Manufacturing Practices and Its Implementation in SME’s
Authors: Rishi J.P.
Published: November 2021

The manufacturing SMEs are facing the burden of non-equilibrium of the supply–demand chain along with the global change in the climate. Several SMEs are looking for a substitute that can create a balance between performance and the environment. In spite of numerous studies related to green and lean that has been evolved, none of them is able to clearly define the spheres of green and lean. Here in this chapter, there is an exploration of advancement of lean and green manufacturing and its impact on other sectors. It also highlights the methodology adopted in implementing the same. This chapter recognizes the commonalities between lean and green approaches, the collaboration and impact, techniques involved. Also, the impediments and perplexities confronted by the manufacturing sector are examined. Further, this gives a better understanding of the challenges before implementing lean with green. This chapter also recognizes possible gaps in the literature that will help to eliminate the barrier toward this Neo manufacturing.
Effects of the Two Doses of Dexmedetomidine on Sedation, Agitation, and Bleeding During Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Shafa Amir , Aledavud Hastisadat , Shetabi Hamidreza , Shahhosseini Sedige
Published: November 2021

Background: Due to the importance of dexmedetomidine and its different dosages, here, we aimed to investigate and compare the effectiveness of the doses of 1 µg/kg and 2 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine in sedation, agitation, and bleeding in pediatrics undergoing adenotonsillectomy. Methods: This double-blinded randomized clinical trial was performed on 105 pediatric patients that were candidates for adenotonsillectomy. Then, the patients were divided into three groups receiving dexmedetomidine at a dose of 2 µg/kg, diluted dexmedetomidine at 1 µg/kg, and normal saline. The drugs were administered 15 minutes before operations via the intravenous method. The duration of extubation, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and SPO2 in the recovery were recorded. We also collected data regarding patients’ sedation and agitation every 15 minutes. Results: Our data showed no significant differences between the groups of patients regarding MAP, HR, and SPO2. However, the mean sedation score was significantly higher in patients receiving dexmedetomidine (2 µg/kg), and this score was lowest in the control group at the time of entrance to the recovery room. The patients that received dexmedetomidine at a dose of 1 µg/kg had the lowest agitation score after 45 minutes of being in the recovery room, and the patients treated with dexmedetomidine at a dose of 2 µg/kg had the lowest agitation score after 60 minutes of being in the recovery compared to other groups of patients. Conclusions: The use of the doses of 1 µg/kg and 2 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine was associated with proper sedation and a significant reduction in agitation. The patients also had lower amounts of bleeding. We recommend that anesthesiologists should pay more attention to dexmedetomidine at a dose of 2 µg/kg, especially in pediatric surgical procedures.