bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Resolution Compressive 3D Imaging Through Phase Ranging With Single-Pixel Photodetector
Authors: Li Xiaotian , Hu Yetong , Zhang Zilong , Zhang Zhijian , Yang Zehou , Zhou Ding-fu , He Wei , Wang Yuqi , Ma yunfei , Ke Jun , Zhao Changming
Published: October 2024

Single-pixel 3D imaging is of great potential to the Lidar system. Combining high precision ranging with compressed sensing (CS) imaging enables the acquisition of high-resolution and accurate depth maps under non-scanning condition. In this letter, we present that a phase ranging system can be combined with CS algorithm perfectly for real 3D imaging through only twice reconstructions, along with high accuracy and fast depth measurement. A structured detection architecture based on amplitude modulated continuous-wave laser illumination and single-pixel detector with high precision 3D image reconstruction at 128×128 resolution using only 5% sampling rate. The minimum identifiable target width of this system is 0.2 cm, corresponding to a resolving angle of 0.33 mrad. This system paves the reality of the high precision and fast 3D imaging for continuous-wave Lidar detections.
Derivation and validation of an algorithm to predict transitions from community to residential long-term care among persons with dementia—A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Wenshan , Turcotte Luke , Hsu Amy T. , Talarico Robert , Qureshi Danial , Webber Colleen , Hawken Steven , Tanuseputro Peter , Manuel Douglas G. , Huyer Greg
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To develop and validate a model to predict time-to-LTC admissions among individuals with dementia.

Design

Population-based retrospective cohort study using health administrative data.

Setting and participants

Community-dwelling older adults (65+) in Ontario living with dementia and assessed with the Resident Assessment Instrument for Home Care (RAI-HC) between April 1, 2010 and March 31, 2017.

Methods

Individuals in the derivation cohort (n = 95,813; assessed before March 31, 2015) were followed for up to 360 days after the index RAI-HC assessment for admission into LTC. We used a multivariable Fine Gray sub-distribution hazard model to predict the cumulative incidence of LTC entry while accounting for all-cause mortality as a competing risk. The model was validated in 34,038 older adults with dementia with an index RAI-HC assessment between April 1, 2015 and March 31, 2017.

Results

Within one year of a RAI-HC assessment, 35,513 (37.1%) individuals in the derivation cohort and 10,735 (31.5%) in the validation cohort entered LTC. Our algorithm was well-calibrated (Emax= 0.119, ICIavg= 0.057) and achieved a c-statistic of 0.707 (95% confidence interval: 0.703–0.712) in the validation cohort.

Conclusions and implications

We developed an algorithm to predict time to LTC entry among individuals living with dementia. This tool can inform care planning for individuals with dementia and their family caregivers.
Behavioral screening reveals a conserved residue in Y-Box RNA-binding protein required for associative learning and memory in C. elegans
Authors: Hayden Ashley N. , Brandel Katie L. , Pietryk Edward W. , Merlau Paul R. , Vijayakumar Priyadharshini , Leptich Emily J. , Gaytan Elizabeth S. , Williams Meredith I. , Ni Connie W. , Chao Hsiao-Tuan , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Arey Rachel N.
Published: October 2024

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate translation and plasticity which are required for memory. RBP dysfunction has been linked to a range of neurological disorders where cognitive impairments are a key symptom. However, of the 2,000 RBPs in the human genome, many are uncharacterized with regards to neurological phenotypes. To address this, we used the model organism C. elegans to assess the role of 20 conserved RBPs in memory. We identified eight previously uncharacterized memory regulators, three of which are in the C. elegans Y-Box (CEY) RBP family. Of these, we determined that cey-1 is the closest ortholog to the mammalian Y-Box (YBX) RBPs. We found that CEY-1 is both necessary in the nervous system for memory ability and sufficient to promote memory. Leveraging human datasets, we found both copy number variation losses and single nucleotide variants in YBX1 and YBX3 in individuals with neurological symptoms. We identified one predicted deleterious YBX3 variant of unknown significance, p.Asn127Tyr, in two individuals with neurological symptoms. Introducing this variant into endogenous cey-1 locus caused memory deficits in the worm. We further generated two humanized worm lines expressing human YBX3 or YBX1 at the cey-1 locus to test evolutionary conservation of YBXs in memory and the potential functional significance of the p.Asn127Tyr variant. Both YBX1/3 can functionally replace cey-1, and introduction of p.Asn127Tyr into the humanized YBX3 locus caused memory deficits. Our study highlights the worm as a model to reveal memory regulators and identifies YBX dysfunction as a potential new source of rare neurological disease.
‘You are too much in this modern world, that’s why you are like this’: Understanding perceptions of mental health among Somali women in London
Authors: Gonzalez Caitlin , Humberstone Elizabeth , Willott Chris
Published: October 2024

This is a qualitative study exploring the perceptions of mental health among Somali women living in London. Participants, over the age of 18, female and identifying as Somali, were recruited from a community centre in West London. Seven participants were recruited and semi-structured interviews were conducted to better understand perceptions of mental health, care-seeking, treatment and different understandings of these issues within the Somali community in London. Interview transcripts were imported into NVIVO version 14 to be coded, and description-focussed coding and thematic analysis were used to interpret key themes. Concerns around judgement, shame and stigma are key issues affecting attitudes towards mental health in this group. Other important issues affecting conceptualisations and attitudes towards mental health were intergenerational differences, isolation from the community, stigma and secrecy. Participants also reported the importance of protective factors, particularly faith and family in their lives. This research adds to existing literature in exploring perceptions of mental health in Somali communities in the UK and such research is helpful in identifying cultural barriers to recognition and treatment of mental health within this community.
The basic income for care leavers in Wales pilot evaluation: Protocol of a quasi-experimental evaluation
Authors: Westlake David , Holland Sally , Sanders Michael , Schroeder Elizabeth , Pickett Kate E. , Johnson Matthew , Petrou Stavros , Hick Rod , Roberts Louise , Rodriguez-Guzman Guillermo , Vallis Dimitris , Fahr Patrick , Bezeczky Zoe , Mathur Vibhor , Lloyd Harriet
Published: October 2024

Background

This study will evaluate the Basic Income for Care Leavers in Wales pilot (BIP), which is the most generous basic income scheme in the world. A cohort of care-experienced young people who become aged 18 during a 12-month enrolment period (July 2022-June 2023) are receiving £1,600 (before tax) per month for two years, and the Welsh Government intends this to have a range of benefits. This evaluation will examine the impact of BIP, the implementation of the pilot and how it is experienced, and its value for money.

Methods

The study is a theory-based quasi-experimental evaluation, and the design and methods are informed by ongoing co-production with care-experienced young people. We will estimate the impact of BIP on participants using self-reported survey data and routinely collected administrative data. This will include outcomes across a range of domains, including psychological wellbeing, physical and mental health, financial impact, education, training and volunteering. Comparisons between temporal (Welsh) and geographical (English, using administrative data) controls will be done using coarsened exact matching and difference in differences analysis. The process evaluation will examine how BIP is implemented and experienced, primarily through monitoring data (quantitative) and interview, observational, and focus group data (qualitative). The economic evaluation will take a public sector and a societal perspective to identify, measure and value the costs and outcomes of BIP, and to synthesise the evidence to inform a social cost-benefit analysis at 24 months post-intervention.

Discussion

BIP is unusual in that it targets a wide range of outcomes and is available to an entire national cohort of participants. The evaluation also has several practical constraints. Therefore, the study will use a range of methods and triangulate between different analyses to assess how successful it is. Findings will inform policy in relation to care leavers, social security and basic income studies worldwide.
Comprehensive gut microbiota composition and microbial interactions among the three age groups
Authors: Ma Jun , Yang Xiaohua , He Jianwu
Published: October 2024

There is a growing interest in studying the microbiota associated with aging by integrating multiple longevity researches while minimizing the influence of confounding factors. Here, we reprocessed metagenomic sequencing data from four different aging research studies and evaluated potential confounding factors in order to minimize the batch effect. Subsequently, we detected the diversity and abundance of the gut microbiome in three different age cohorts. Out of 1053 different bacteria species, only four showed substantial depletion across different age groups: Ligilactobacillus ruminis, Turicibacter sp. H121, Blautia massiliensis, and Anaerostipes hadrus. Archaea accumulated more in young individuals compared to elderly and centenarians. Candida albicans was more prevalent in centenarians, but Nakaseomyces glabratus (also known as Candida glabrata) was more common in elderly adults. Shuimuvirus IME207 showed a significant increase in centenarians compared to both control groups. In addition, we utilized a Fisher’s exact test to investigate topological properties of differentially abundant microbiota in the co-occurrence network of each age group. Microbial signatures specific to different age stages were identified based on the condition: the reads showing differential abundance were higher compared to the other age groups. Lastly, we selected Methanosarcina sp. Kolksee for the Y group, Prevotella copri for the E group and Shuimuvirus IME207 for the C group as representatives of age-related characteristics to study how their interactions change during the aging process. Our results provide crucial insights into the gut microbiome’s ecological dynamics in relation to the aging process.
Medical students’ perception of mobile learning during COVID-19 in Iran: A national study
Authors: Ahmady Soleiman , Khajeali Nasrin , Kohan Noushin , Zarei Afagh , Biswas Bikram , Barzegar Mohammad , Moghaddam Azadeh Kordestani
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Mobile learning has gained significant attention in medical education in recent years. The COVID-19 crisis has further accelerated its adoption. A lack of research on student perceptions of mobile learning during pandemics limits strategies for maintaining education during these times. This study examines the perceptions of medical students in Iran regarding the mobile learning during COVID-19. It is imperative that these perceptions are understood to optimize mobile learning effectiveness in medical education during disruptions.

Method

A cross-sectional study was done in 2022 among 785 medical students in Iran who spent summer semester. Convenience sampling was used to select the sample. We used Biswas et al.’s scale for measuring medical students’ perceptions of mobile learning during pandemics. Face and content validity was determined by qualitative methods. Internal consistency was measured with Cronbach’s Alpha (0.79). Data was collected through an online questionnaire. To analyze the data, descriptive and analytical statistics were conducted with SPSS software at a significance level of p<0.05.

Results

In total, 1,200 medical students were asked to complete the survey, and 785 responded, resulting in a 65.4% response rate. Mobile learning has been embraced by majority of medical students, with Android devices being used the most frequently. They also have frequent access to the internet, and they rely on a wide range of apps and platforms for academic purposes. Students perceive mobile devices to be highly advantageous for improving subject knowledge (Mean = 4.71±0.58), accessing study materials (Mean = 4.44±0.75), and providing flexible learning opportunities (Mean = 4.40±0.79). Despite this, participants were less confident about the ability of mobile devices to assist with specific study problems (Mean = 3.12 ± 1.28), facilitate class discussions (Mean = 3.33 ± 1.38), and overcome screen size limitations (Mean = 3.32 ± 1.38).

Conclusion

Medical students in Iran have widely adopted mobile learning and perceive it as beneficial for acquiring knowledge, accessing material, and being flexible during COVID-19. M-learning’s effectiveness in specific learning activities must be investigated in further research, and concerns regarding problem-solving, discussion facilitation, and screen size limitations should be addressed.
Predicting genetic biodiversity in salamanders using geographic, climatic, and life history traits
Authors: Parsons Danielle J. , Green Abigail E. , Carstens Bryan C. , Pelletier Tara A.
Published: October 2024

The geographic distribution of genetic variation within a species reveals information about its evolutionary history, including responses to historical climate change and dispersal ability across various habitat types. We combine genetic data from salamander species with geographic, climatic, and life history data collected from open-source online repositories to develop a machine learning model designed to identify the traits that are most predictive of unrecognized genetic lineages. We find evidence of hidden diversity distributed throughout the clade Caudata that is largely the result of variation in climatic variables. We highlight some of the difficulties in using machine-learning models on open-source data that are often messy and potentially taxonomically and geographically biased.
Visualizing VDAC1 in live cells using a tetracysteine tag
Authors: Pilic Johannes , Oflaz Furkan E. , Gottschalk Benjamin , Erdogan Yusuf C. , Graier Wolfgang F. , Malli Roland
Published: October 2024

The voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) is a crucial gatekeeper in the outer mitochondrial membrane, controlling metabolic and energy homeostasis. The available methodological approaches fell short of accurate visualization of VDAC1 in living cells. To permit precise VDAC1 imaging, we utilized the tetracysteine (TC)-tag and visualized VDAC1 dynamics in living cells. TC-tagged VDAC1 had a cluster-like distribution on mitochondria. The labeling of TC-tagged VDAC1 was validated with immunofluorescence. The majority of VDAC1-TC-clusters were localized at endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contact sites. Notably, VDAC1 colocalized with BCL-2 Antagonist/Killer (BAK)-clusters upon apoptotic stimulation. Using this new tool, we were able to observe VDAC1-TC at mitochondrial fission sites. These findings highlight the suitability of the TC-tag for live-cell imaging of VDAC1, shedding light on the roles of VDAC1 in cellular processes.
Seismic performance of base-isolated structures for swimming pool reactors under different foundation conditions
Authors: Zhao Jie , Wang Jianshan , Huang Jiehua
Published: October 2024

The swimming pool reactor (SPR) is an innovative and environmentally friendly heating source. An SPR building was selected as the research subject, and a 3D dynamic interaction model incorporating the liquid sloshing effect was created using ANSYS software and the secondary development characteristics of user-programmable features (UPFs). Energy dissipation from scattered waves was accounted for using viscous-spring boundary elements, while the dynamic hydraulic effect was modeled via the Housner equivalent mechanical model. Considering soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects, this study examines the impact of isolation measures on the structure’s seismic mitigation performance. It investigates how varying foundation conditions affect the seismic resistance of the isolated structure. Results indicate that seismic isolation ratios for acceleration, floor response spectra, displacement, and base shear diminish as site stiffness decreases. However, regarding sloshing wave height, seismic isolation amplified the height under all conditions but remained within safe limits. These findings offer valuable insights for seismic design across different SPRs.
Assessment of trabecular bone score using updated TBSTT in anorexia nervosa—The AN-BO study
Authors: Haschka Judith , Behanova Martina , Hans Didier , Arens Annina , Muschitz Christian , Dzirlo Larisa , Binder Julia , Kapiotis Stylianos , Zwerina Jochen , Resch Heinrich , Kocijan Roland
Published: October 2024

Objective

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is characterized by a distortion of body image, very low body weight, malnutrition and hormonal dysregulations, resulting in reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and impaired bone microarchitecture. The updated Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) algorithm accounts for soft tissue thickness (TBSTT) instead of BMI (TBSBMI). The aim of the study was to assess both TBS algorithms in adult AN patients compared to normal-weight controls(CTRL).

Method

This retrospective cross-sectional study investigated 34 adult female anorexia nervosa (AN) patients and 26 healthy normal-weighted age- and sex-matched controls (CTRL). Bone texture analysis was assessed by TBSTT and TBSBMI (TBS iNsight® V4.0 and V3.1), bone mineral density (BMD; lumbar spine LS, femoral neck, total hip) and body composition by DXA (GE Lunar iDXATM). Laboratory analyses included bone turnover markers (CTX; P1NP; sclerostin). Data analysis was performed using parametric (t-test) or non-parametric test (Mann-Whitney-U-Test) depending on normality, one-way ANCOVA and correlation analysis (Perason’s or Spearman’s).

Results

AN patients (BMI 14.7(1.6)) and CTRL (BMI 22.4(4.0)) were of comparable age (22.8(7.1) vs.25.0(4.0)years, p = 0.145). TBSTT(1.319±0.09 vs.1.502±0.07, p<0.001) and TBSBMI(1.317±0.10 vs.1.548±0.09, p<0.001) were significantly lower in AN patients compared to CTRL. Soft tissue thickness was lower in AN (p<0.001). Within the CTRL group, but not in AN, TBSTT and TBSBMI were significantly different (p<0.001). BMD was lower at all sites in AN patients (p<0.001 for all), being lowest at LS. Bone Mineral Content, Lean Body mass and Fat Mass were lower in AN (p<0.001). AN patients had lower P1NP (p = 0.05), but higher CTX (p = 0.001) and sclerostin (p = 0.003) levels.

Conclusion

Adult AN patients have lower TBSTT and TBSBMI, reduced BMD and an uncoupling of bone turnover. In AN both TBS algorithms show similar reduced trabecular bone microarchitecture. The observed difference of TBSTT and TBSBMI in CTRL with normal body composition highlight the importance of the new algorithm.
Sportspersonship orientation in the training process of young football players in different training contexts
Authors: Ortega Vila Gema , Robles Rodríguez José , Abad Robles Manuel Tomás , Ortega Toro Enrique , Alarcón López Francisco , Fuentes-Guerra Francisco Javier Giménez
Published: October 2024

Background

Football plays a fundamental role in the lives of the boys and girls who play it and it can become an invaluable educational instrument. However, for introduction to football to be truly educational, it needs to be carefully planned and guided; otherwise, it may encourage negative and undesirable behaviour from a moral and ethical point of view. That way, many authors claim that a careful and deliberate initiation to football is necessary for the promotion of sportspersonship to become a reality.

Purpose

The goal of this research is to analyse the evolution of sportspersonship orientation in the social sports football schools of Fundación Real Madrid and in association football clubs. For this purpose, the Multidimensional Sportspersonship Orientations Scale is used. The research involves 1509 male and female youth football players aged between 8 and 16 years (M = 10.9±2.2), of whom 952 belong to the social sports football schools of the Fundación Real Madrid and 547 to association football clubs.

Results

The most outstanding results show that the players of the social sports schools of Fundación Real Madrid obtain high values in sportspersonship orientation. Moreover, these values remain high in all categories, while they show a significant decrease in players from association football clubs.

Conclusions

The social sports model of Fundación Real Madrid can contribute to maintaining high levels of sportspersonship orientation throughout the player’s training process.
Long-term genomic surveillance reveals the circulation of clinically significant Salmonella in lymph nodes and beef trimmings from slaughter cattle from a Mexican feedlot
Authors: Delgado-Suárez Enrique Jesús , García-Meneses Abril Viridiana , Ponce-Hernández Elfrego Adrián , Ruíz-López Francisco Alejandro , Hernández-Pérez Cindy Fabiola , Ballesteros-Nova Nayarit Emérita , Soberanis-Ramos Orbelín , Rubio-Lozano María Salud
Published: October 2024

This longitudinal study characterized Salmonella circulating in lymph nodes (LN, n = 800) and beef trimmings (n = 745) from slaughter cattle from a Mexican feedlot. During two years, LN and beef trimming samples were collected 72–96 h post-slaughter, and we obtained 77 isolates of the serovars Anatum (n = 23), Reading (n = 22), Typhimurium (n = 10), London (n = 9), Kentucky (n = 6), Fresno (n = 4), Give, Muenster, and monophasic 1,4,[5],12:i- (n = 1 each). These isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogenetic analysis, reconstruction of their ancestral isolation sources through evolutionary analysis, and virulence profiling. Although LN and beef trimmings were not mixed, evolutionary analysis estimated that the common ancestor of all study isolates was likely of LN origin. Moreover, isolates from both sources were highly clonal (0–21 SNP distance), highlighting the complexity of Salmonella transmission dynamics. The pathogen persisted across cattle cohorts, as shown by clonality between isolates collected in different years (1–20 SNP distance). Major virulence genes were highly conserved (97–100% identity to the reference sequences) and most isolates carried a conserved version of pathogenicity islands 1–5, 9, 11, and 12. Typhimurium strains carried the Salmonella plasmid virulence operon (spvRABCD), and a Muenster isolate carried the st313td gene, both of which are associated with invasive phenotypes. Most isolates (49/77) were genetically similar (1–43 SNPs) to strains involved in human salmonellosis, highlighting their public health significance. Further research is needed on Salmonella transmission dynamics in cattle and the mechanisms determining subclinical infection and persistence in farm environments.
Trio-based exome sequencing and high-resolution HLA typing in families of patients with autoimmune adrenal insufficiency and autoimmune polyglandular syndrome
Authors: Buianova Anastasiia , Yukina Marina , Cheranev Valery , Suchalko Oleg , Shmitko Anna , Samitova Alina , Nuralieva Nurana , Kulagina Elena , Savvateeva Elena , Troshina Ekaterina , Rebrikov Denis , Gryadunov Dmitry , Korostin Dmitriy
Published: October 2024

Autoimmune adrenal insufficiency (AAI) is a rare disease. This research evaluates three patients with AAI, including autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) type 2. Two patients had APS or AAI during childhood, and one had a history of endocrine autoimmune disease, indicating a possible hereditary basis of the condition. Trio-based exome sequencing and high-resolution HLA typing were employed to analyze patients and their parents. Benign or likely benign variants of the AIRE gene were identified in all participants of the study. These variants, coupled with clinical data and the results of antibody studies to type I interferons, helped to exclude APS-1. Patients with APS-2, in contrast to patient with AAI, inherited distinct variants of unknown significance in the CLEC16A gene, which is associated with autoimmune diseases, including AAI. Various risk alleles in other genes associated with autoimmunity were identified in all patients. HLA typing of class II loci revealed alleles related to APS. Nevertheless, the frequencies of the haplotypes identified are substantial in the healthy Russian population. Immunological tests can detect antibody carriers and assess the risk of autoimmune disease development. In the future, to identify genetic predictors of autoimmune endocrinopathies, it is recommended to analyze the whole genome of patients and their relatives, examining clinically relevant variants in non-coding regions.
Decolonial filmmaking: Interview with Simone Brioni
Authors: Laviosa Flavia
Published: October 2024

In this interview, filmmaker and scholar Simone Brioni talks about the two most recent documentaries which he wrote, Maka () and Oltre i bordi (Beyond the Frame) (), which share reflections about the visual representation of Africans in media and Italy’s colonial legacy. He discusses the similarities and differences between these films and the documentaries he made in 2012 with/about writers Kaha Mohamed Aden and Ribka Sibhatu, respectively, called La quarta via (The Fourth Road) () and Aulò (). In particular, Brioni focuses on the collaborative process with director Elia Moutamid and protagonist Geneviève Makaping to make the documentary Maka. Brioni also talks about how the dialogue from which the documentaries have emerged has progressively become the theme of the film themselves. Other topics of the interview include the use of the documentary to produce academic research, the impact of COVID-19 on the making of the films and the circulation and distribution of the films.
Francesco Pasinetti (1911–49): Essays on documentary filmmaking
Authors: Zambenedetti Alberto
Published: October 2024

This contribution consists of two new translations of Francesco Pasinetti’s essays on documentary filmmaking. In ‘The meaning of documentaries’ (1934) Pasinetti rhapsodizes on the cinema of Joris Ivens, Dziga Vertov, Robert J. Flaherty, among others, arguing that contemporary Italian documentarians are capable of standing shoulder to shoulder with these remarkable foreign filmmakers. He suggests that the documentary form is an invaluable pedagogical tool and should receive more support from the governing bodies. In ‘The sense of documentary’ (1941), Pasinetti outlines his poetic and practical principles for documentary filmmaking that truly possesses ‘the sense of cinema’. He insists on the need for a central theme, marked figurative continuity, intensive research and planning stages – including best exhibition practices.
Ready, Set, Launch Baseline Academic Outcomes for Students Participating in Dual Enrollment for Equitable Completion Partnerships Compared to Their Peers, 2015 – 2020
Authors: Purnell Rogeair , Rodriguez-Kiino Diane , Karandjeff Kelley
Published: October 2024

The opportunity to complete college coursework during high school has been associated with positive secondary and postsecondary academic outcomes. Students who complete these courses report inspiration to complete high school, new knowledge and skills related to persisting, confidence, and an increased readiness to succeed in postsecondary coursework. Numerous studies have highlighted how dual enrollment access and success for historically underrepresented students on college campuses is necessary and, in some cases, fruitful in increasing equitable representation, access to, and success in postsecondary education. This study presents the high school and college outcomes for students participating in dual enrollment programming offered by ten California K12 and community college partnerships compared to a group of non-dually enrolled peers. Findings suggest that before the launch of a three-year initiative, first-generation, African American/Black, and Hispanic/Latina/o/x students from these selected partnerships who complete college coursework were more likely to graduate high school, have higher high school GPAs, and were more likely to persist, even during the COVID-19 pandemic, and succeed in their first-year college coursework.
Idiocy’s Fetish Objects
Authors: Spill Frédérique , Hagood Taylor
Published: October 2024

The idiot’s “object-relationship” will be at the heart of this chapter’s reflection, with the notion of object designating the thing, whatever its nature, that is targeted by impulses. This object-relationship unfolds as “an interrelationship, in fact, involving not only the way the subject constitutes his objects, but also the way these objects shape his actions” (Laplanche and Pontalis, 2018 [1973]: 278). While the fetish objects of Benjy Compson and Ike Snopes do not exactly grow out of the same needs, in both instances the substitutive logic that governs them similarly responds to the order of desire, and replaces the language of desire.
Idiocy, Alcohol, and Other Illicit Substances
Authors: Spill Frédérique
Published: October 2024

This chapter examines instances where the senses of idiots have been altered due to substances, or where descriptions of drunkenness and idiocy overlap.
Making (Dis)Connections
Authors: Kunt Gergely , Vajda Julia , Székely Juli
Published: October 2024

Following Hoskins’ often-cited notion of “new memories” (Hoskins 2001), which are generated by traditional media in the broadcast-era, now, in a post-broadcast age, we seem to face yet another “memory boom” (Huyssen 2003), also known as a “connective turn” (Hoskins 2011). Instead of focusing on the consequences of this connective turn, however, in this paper, we aim to conceptualize another kind of (dis)connection: we analyse the interrelatedness of various – digital and analogue, virtual and material – memories. Focusing on the diverse practices of memorialising the Hungarian Shoah, and more specifically, on the controversy over the Memorial to the Victims of German Occupation in the urban, as well as digital space, we do not only show how memories (dis)connect an actual and a virtual community, but also how these different kinds of memories (dis)connect with each other in the urban and digital space.
Where the Countryside met the Town
Authors: Nebřenský Zdeněk
Published: October 2024

A review of the books by Martin Jemelka.
Marek Jakoubek – Luděk Jirka – Nela Králová – Michal Pavlásek – Jiří Tůma: Krajané: hledání nových perspektiv
Authors: Vlha Marek
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Marek Jakoubek, Luděk Jirka, Nela Králová, Michal Pavlásek and Jiří Tůma.
Women in Between
Authors: Havelková Hana , Ezzeddine Petra
Published: October 2024

The study is based on interviews with women with refugee experience from the former Yugoslavia, aged 50+, who have already been living in the Czech Republic for more than twenty years. It covers a long time period of life in migration, which has allowed us to show that the refugee experience of women is not linear but cyclical, gaining new significances at various stages of women’s lives, in various social contexts and transnational environments. There is a special focus on ageing and entrance into retirement age, when the women find themselves under a double pressure: they are trying to safeguard their own vulnerable position at work and at the same time to meet the normative commitments (traditionally expected from women) regarding transnational care of seniors. The study looks at migration from an intersectional perspective in investigating how gender, age, ethnicity, migration status and social class of the women we studied formed their life in the new society.
On the Path to Regularity
Authors: Feyduk Olena
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on the paths to regularization of Ukrainian migrants in Italy. Qualitative in its method and relying on in-depth semi-structured interviews, it uncovers in depth the fragmentation of status and rights that the process of regularization often brings, focusing specifically on the individual costs of “becoming regular.” The study subsequently looks at the emerging compensating mechanisms and networks that are developed by migrants in place of institutional dead-ends. Legality and regularity in migration – often presented in policy and public debates as a black and white matter – are in practice a complex and lengthy process for migrating individuals. The study makes its contribution by examining how individual migrants often individually shoulder costs linked to regularization, utilizing a combination of formal and informal means to achieve it. Most importantly, the study’s contribution highlights the role of age, gender and type of employment on the paths to regularity; by looking at the experiences of ageing women providing care and domestic work in private homes in Bologna I explore how age and individual relations with their families back at home and at work affect the meaning of regularization for this category of migrants and influence their prospects of ageing.
Urban exploration v post-industriálnej metropole
Authors: Šimová Terézia
Published: October 2024

This text deals with the urban phenomenon known as urban exploration which has been studied in the teritory of Bratislava metropolis. The aim of this study was to describe how urban explorers understand, define and record the explored urban environment and also how they shape relationship to specific spaces of the city and city areas. The crucial part of this text consist of an analysis of ethnographic interviews with urbexers from Bratislava. Method of analysis was inspired by grounded theory by adding new dimension characteristic for urban exploration – self-identification and perception of public and private space in the metropolis. The text shows that the practice of urban exploration leads to the development of urban awareness and reinvisioning of the postmodern metropolis.
50. výročí české integrální antropologie
Authors: Mácha Karel , Troníček Chrudoš , Stuchlík Milan
Published: October 2024

Fifty years ago, in December 1966, the Czech Integral Anthropology section of the Czechoslovak Anthropological Society was officially founded. This section represented one of the most significant – although, in the long term, not successful – attempts of implementing the Anglo-American approach to general anthropology in the Czech academic milieu. The Czech Integral Anthropology section underwent a fairly dynamic, albeit, thanks to external forces, short-lived development (it only functioned in its original form until the beginning of the 1970s), and we can characterise it at least as an attempt to “gather together” various anthropologically oriented tendencies in the social sciences, humanities, and biological sciences, as well as an attempt to integrate their findings and approaches. In Mácha‘s intentions, it was to serve as a preparation for the complex studies of man that would achieve international renown, whereas the goals of his colleagues were usually more humble, for example, “merely” presenting the newest findings of Western science to the Czech academic sphere, leading towards its greater engagement in international discussions. We commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the foundation of the Czech Integral Anthropology section with the series of several conceptual texts from the low-circulation and today practically unknown volume Sborník prací k otázkám integrální antropologie (Collection of Texts on the Issues of Integral Anthropology, 1968), authored by philosopher Karel Mácha, biological anthropologist Chrudoš Troníček, and social anthropologist Milan Stuchlík.
Anne Sutherland: Romové – neviditelní Američané
Authors: Pospíšil Filip
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Anne Sutherland.
Michal Pavlásek: S motykou a Pánem Bohem. Po stopách českých evangelíků ve Vojvodině
Authors: Jirka Luděk
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Michal Pavlásek.
Robert Sak: Čekej na mne
Authors: Sekyrková Milada
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Robert Sak.
Pohřební zvyklosti mladé církve
Authors: Nešpor Zdeněk R.
Published: October 2024

This study complements and concludes the necrogeographic analysis of the Czech lands, and presents an overview of the confessional burial grounds of the Czechoslovak (Hussite) Church and the Orthodox Church. We can glean from the available sources that local and regional “Czechoslovak” cemeteries were established, although the Church as a whole (unsuccessfully) attempted to “nationalise” existing cemeteries. Later, the Church came to accept the interconfesional character of these cemeteries, and at the same time, it vehemently established its own columbariums and urn burial grounds. Despite of the fact that the Czechoslovak (Hussite) Church permitted the cremation of some members of other churches, as well as of atheists, and for some time, its clergymen took part of the cremation ceremonies, the Church itself did not discuss the matter, nor did it form any official Church standpoint on this issue. Due to internal Church reasons, cremation as such was only inadvertently proclaimed on the pages of its central ideological magazine, Český zápas, and that beginning from the mid-1920s, although cremation was de facto already the standard within the Church at this time. The burial practices of the members of the Czechoslovak (Hussite) Church in the interwar period thus anticipated the future inclinations of the majority of Czech society.
Jitka Janečková: Mráz kopřivu nepálí. Život a dílo Fridolína Macháčka a Václava Vojtíška ve vzájemné korespondenci z let 1905–1954.
Authors: Sekyrková Milada
Published: October 2024

A review of the book by Jitka Janečková.
Music and Crossing Bridges
Authors: Jurková Zuzana
Published: October 2024

While the last issue of Urban People devoted to ethnomusicology, entitled Theory and Method in Urban Ethnomusicology (2/2012), had a rather narrow focus, this time we have taken a wider stance. Our aim, through the theme of Crossing Bridges: Journeys, Migrations, and Diaspora, is to find out more about the role music plays in human interactions across geopolitical, social and cultural borders.
„Махiнацiiце я не...“
Authors: Rumpík Viktor
Published: October 2024

The aim of the article is to describe the change in the nature of the Ukrainian middleman (client) system from the second half of the first decade of the 21st century to the present. Research took place in Transcarpathia and Pilsen. In these regions, we observe new waves of migration, new legislative restrictions, and new internal, as well as external, strains. All of these factors have an influence on the migrants themselves, and on the Czech labour market. The article responds to the obvious need of re-thinking the structure and the role of the client system. Based on anthropological approaches, such as participant observations and interviews, the article summarises the results of the analysis of the current client system within the institutional theory of migration. The results of the pilot study show the growing extension of the structure of the client system as being a consequence of new migration trends and of the economic recession. We can observe the institutionalisation of aspects and the involvement of formal institutions in the system, as well as restrictions of the use of the Ukrainian middleman (client) system by Ukrainians in the Czech Republic and their displacement by migrants from the European Union, especially from Bulgaria, Romania and Slovakia. The conclusion of the article shows the secondary transformation of the Ukrainian middleman system and its institutionalisation. All issues in this article were analysed using the anthropological micro-optic approach, and they attempt to establish a new discussion of the client system as such.
Poválečné Spojené státy americké očima českého sociologa
Authors: Nešpor Zdeněk R.
Published: October 2024

One of the most significant Czech (social science) reflections of the United States was written by the sociologist Otakar Machotka (1899–1970) and was published in 1946. The author prepared an updated version of the chapter for publication reflecting the changes that American society underwent during World War II and its aftermath; however, this could not be published and thus remained unknown. This rare find in the archives of the unfinished, yet very significant manuscript as to its contents and methodology allowed it to be finally published; the editor supplemented Machotka’s work with an extensive contextual analysis. This article describes and analyses the development and character of Czech reflections of American society from the 19th c entury until the s econd half o f the 20th century, a tradition in which Machotka continued in and came to terms with, and which also stemmed off of Machotka’s work itself. Furthermore, Machotka’s intellectual trajectory, with an emphasis on the American experience as well as the meaning (for the author) of its public presentation in the Czech environment, is described. In conclusion, the significance of the edited manuscript is evaluated in terms of its theory, methodology, and contents.
Die Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig in der Nachwendezeit
Authors: Henschke Ekkehard
Published: October 2024

Die Erneuerung der marxistisch-ideologisch belasteten Universität Leipzig nach der Wiedervereinigung 1990 berührte auch ihre Bibliothek. Deren Hauptbibliothek, die Bibliotheca Albertina, war seit 1945 eine Teilruine geblieben. Ihr Wiederaufbau bei laufendem Bibliotheksbetrieb dauerte zehn Jahre und beanspruchte die Kräfte der MitarbeiterInnen stark. Auch dank umfangreicher finanzieller Mittel und mehrerer bibliothekarisch-technischer Reformen gelang es, die Beschaffung von Literatur und Medien für die neuen Professoren zu beschleunigen und zugleich das stark zersplitterte Bibliothekssystem zu modernisieren.
Interventions to improve timely cancer diagnosis: an integrative review
Authors: Graber Mark L. , Winters Bradford D. , Matin Roni , Cholankeril Rosann T. , Murphy Daniel R. , Singh Hardeep , Bradford Andrea
Published: October 2024

Cancer will affect more than one in three U.S. residents in their lifetime, and although the diagnosis will be made efficiently in most of these cases, roughly one in five patients will experience a delayed or missed diagnosis. In this integrative review, we focus on missed opportunities in the diagnosis of breast, lung, and colorectal cancer in the ambulatory care environment. From a review of 493 publications, we summarize the current evidence regarding the contributing factors to missed or delayed cancer diagnosis in ambulatory care, as well as evidence to support possible strategies for intervention. Cancer diagnoses are made after follow-up of a positive screening test or an incidental finding, or most commonly, by following up and clarifying non-specific initial presentations to primary care. Breakdowns and delays are unacceptably common in each of these pathways, representing failures to follow-up on abnormal test results, incidental findings, non-specific symptoms, or consults. Interventions aimed at ‘closing the loop’ represent an opportunity to improve the timeliness of cancer diagnosis and reduce the harm from diagnostic errors. Improving patient engagement, using ‘safety netting,’ and taking advantage of the functionality offered through health information technology are all viable options to address these problems.
Improvements in the randomness and security of digital currency using the photon sponge hash function through Maiorana–McFarland S-box replacement
Authors: Mohammed Asmaa A. , Rahma Abdul Monem S. , AbdulWahab Hala Bahjat
Published: October 2024

There is a demand for a digital currency that facilitates remote trading over the Internet and strives to reduce external control, ensuring that transactions are conducted only between authorized persons or parties involved in the transfer. The financial sector has been significantly impacted by cryptocurrency, or digital currency, which brings new potential and challenges. The concept of digital currency is thoroughly examined, as are its complicated implications on various aspects of the economy. Trading digital currencies via the Internet may be vulnerable to theft and forgery due to the development of hacker programs. Therefore, we proposed to design a new digital currency and then built a 16 × 16 structure and filled the matrix with random numbers within GF(251). We used the random algorithm (Chun–Hui He’s iteration), then generated four directions, and used polynomial equations for the purpose of distributing powers between the parties in our future complete system. The original matrix was encoded with the photon sponge hash function after updating the S box by integrating the algorithms (Chun–Hui He’s iteration, Mariorana–McFarland method), and the results were good security measures (correlation coefficient, bijective property, balanced criteria, completeness criteria, and strict avalanche criteria) as well as the encryption and decryption time became faster (0.0005202). The major objective is to design a new digital currency system toward achieving security, scalability, and comprehensive adoption, looking into how it might improve security, promote financial inclusion, and change the present payment systems.
The curvature entropy inequalities of convex bodies
Authors: Zhang Deyan
Published: October 2024

There are many entropy inequalities in geometry, some of them can be seen as the Minkowski inequalities in the form of entropy, which play important roles in convex geometry. In this article, let

P

P

and

Q

Q

be convex bodies, we introduce the mixed curvature entropy

M

f

(

P
,
Q

)

{M}_{f}\left(P,Q)

and the curvature entropy

E

f

(

P
,
Q

)

{E}_{f}\left(P,Q)

with respect to a continuous function

f

f

. Moreover, we establish the

log

\log

-Minkowski inequalities of the mixed curvature entropy and the curvature entropy for two classes of three-dimensional convex bodies.
A novel tetra hybrid bio-nanofluid model with stenosed artery
Authors: Al-Kouz Wael , Shah Syed Zahir Hussain , Souayeh Basma , Sabir Zulqurnain , Owhaib Wahib
Published: October 2024

For treating and diagnosing cardiovascular diseases, the field of biomedical engineering is significant because it develops new ways and techniques. Stenosis is the narrowing of an artery, and it leads reduction in the flow rate of blood. This study investigates the blood flow mechanism in an artery using a mathematical model of Carreau nanofluid with four distinct nanoparticles. Tetra nanofluid model produces significant advancement in the simulation of blood flow through the stenosed arteries. The model is capable of predicting the pressure drop and velocity distribution for diagnosing and treating stenosis. The spectral relaxation approach is used to present the model's efficiency and effectiveness, which makes it a suitable method for solving the governing equations of this study. The findings of this study have important implications for the development of new treatments and diagnostic techniques for stenosis and other cardiovascular diseases.
Understanding the Incongruent Brand Personalities on Social Media: Evidence from Indian Brands
Authors: Vallabhajosula Anand , Daruri Venkata Srinivas Kumar
Published: October 2024

Although the social media websites decreased the firms’ control over their brand personalities, there is little research on the incongruence between communicated and perceived brand personality of Indian service brands. The impact of bots and suspicious accounts on the online brand personalities also remained unexplored. We analyzed 58,024 tweets of nine Indian service brands using machine learning. Some of the newer brands are savvier in managing their brand personalities. The public sector brands have poorer alignment between communicated and perceived brand personalities. A counterintuitive finding is that the brand sentiment changes in value, but not in category, after removing the suspicious accounts.