bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sleep-related metacognitions and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia
Authors: Jenewein Anna-Lea , Schredl Michael , Schilling Claudia
Published: April 2023

Background

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the treatment of choice for chronic insomnia. In the metacognitive model of Ong et al., a current model of the pathogenesis of chronic insomnia, sleep-related metacognitions are considered to be an insomnia-promoting factor.

Objective

The objective of this study is to investigate the role of metacognitions in insomnia and CBT‑I. Are metacognitions reduced by CBT-I? Can the pretreatment scores of sleep-related metacognitions predict the effectiveness of the therapy? Does treatment response improve when sleep-related metacognitions are directly addressed?

Materials and methods

A total of 92 persons with chronic insomnia participated in CBT‑I with seven 90-min group sessions. Of these patients, 52 received CBT‑I and 40 received CBT‑I with integrated metacognitive elements (CBT-I + MCE). Sleep-related metacognitions and insomniac complaints were quantified using the Metacognitions Questionnaire—Insomnia (MCQ‑I 20) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI).

Results

CBT‑I improved subjective sleep quality (effect sizes d > 2.0) and decreased sleep-related metacognitions (effect sizes d > 0.8). Neither the presence of comorbidities nor the extent of sleep-related metacognitions affected treatment response. Treatment response did not differ between the CBT‑I and CBT-I + MCE groups.

Conclusion

Sleep-related metacognitions seem to play an important role in insomnia etiology but did not predict treatment response. The introduction of elements from metacognitive therapy (MCT) is as effective as the classical CBT‑I and might therefore be considered as an addition to the standard cognitive strategies of CBT‑I.
Kraniofaziale Mikrosomie
Authors: Brands Roman C. , Böhm Hartmut , Kübler Alexander C. , Hartmann Stefan , Schweitzer Tilmann , Kunz Felix , Linz Christian
Published: April 2023

Die kraniofaziale Mikrosomie hat eine Inzidenz von 1:3000–1:5000, ist aber dennoch eine der häufigsten angeborenen kraniofazialen Erkrankungen. Ihre Ausprägung ist variabel und geht mit Anomalien der Kiefer, Ohren, Gesichtsweichteile, Augenhöhlen und Gesichtsnerven sowie weiteren extrakraniellen Malformationen einher. Die exakte Genese ist unklar, diskutiert werden pränatale Expositionen und genetische Anomalien. Die Komplexität dieser Erkrankung erschwert die Diagnostik und erfordert ein inter- und multidisziplinäres Therapiekonzept. In dieses sind u. a. die Fachrichtungen Mund‑, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Neurochirurgie, Kieferorthopädie, Pädiatrie, Ophthalmologie, Otorhinolaryngologie sowie Logopädie und Ernährungsberatung eingebunden.
Metaverse platform ecosystems
Authors: Schöbel Sofia Marlena , Leimeister Jan Marco
Published: April 2023

Traditionally, the metaverse has been defined as a virtual reality space in which users can interact with a computer-generated environment and other users. Nowadays, it is much more than that—the metaverse can be described as a variety of digital platforms and ecosystems, with each ecosystem as an independent universe with its own material, complementors, and functionalities. Creating metaverse ecosystems and integrated platforms results in different roles and responsibilities for complementors, consumers, platform owners, and orchestrators. The term metaverse platforms is further structured and clarified by four perspectives: innovation, production, transaction, and social interaction. Consequently, this fundamental paper defines it as: “A Metaverse is a massively scaled and interoperable meta-ecosystem of other digital ecosystems of real-time rendered 3D virtual worlds which can be experienced synchronously and persistently by an unlimited number of complementors and consumers with an increased user experience caused by a creativity-guided co-creation of goods managed by orchestrators and supported by platform owners.” Consequently, the metaverse offers vast opportunities for digital innovations beyond traditional social media or computer games and creates new infrastructures for add-on innovations in all areas of the digital economy.
Developing trauma-informed university supports for refugee background students in Australia: Refocusing through an ethics of care lens
Authors: Baker Sally , Naidoo Loshini
Published: April 2023

The growing literature on access, participation, and success of refugees entering higher education has illustrated the myriad challenges that this cohort faces. Much of this research has rightly focused on the student perspective, exploring the barriers and challenges that impede entry, engagement, and achievement. Relatedly, there is growing attention to the need for trauma-informed support, particularly following the impacts of COVID on learning. This article takes these challenges as a departure point to adjust the gaze on universities and ask what needs to be considered and implemented in order to develop better student supports. We use Tronto’s (2013) notion of ethics of care—examining issues of attentiveness (caring about), responsibility (caring for), competence (caregiving), responsiveness (care receiving), and trust (caring with)—to carefully probe how universities can develop trauma-informed supports that are more caring and nuanced, not only for students from refugee backgrounds but for all students.
A t-structure on the $$\infty $$-category of mixed graded modules
Authors: Pavia Emanuele
Published: April 2023

In this work, we shall study in a purely model-independent fashion the $$\infty $$
∞
-category of mixed graded modules over a ring of characteristic 0, as defined by D. Calaque, T. Pantev, M. Vaquié, B. Toën and G. Vezzosi. First, we collect some basic results about its main formal properties, clarifying foundational questions in a systematic manner, to serve as a reference for future work. Finally, we shall endow such $$\infty $$
∞
-category with a both left and right complete accessible t-structure, showing how this identifies the $$\infty $$
∞
-category of mixed graded modules with the left completion of the Beilinson t-structure on the $$\infty $$
∞
-category of filtered modules.
Analysis of Second-Order Thrust Bearing Coefficients Considering Misalignment Effect
Authors: Elsayed Elsayed K. , Sayed Hussein , El-Sayed T. A.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Thrust bearings play a critical role in high-speed rotating machinery, such as turbines, pumps, compressors, and turbogenerators, by transferring axial loads between the collar and the bearing pads. The lubricating fluid prevents contact, friction, and wear between solid parts and acts as a cooling medium. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the first- and second-order bearing coefficients of an inclined pad hydrodynamic thrust bearing, which have not been previously investigated, to improve the accuracy of modeling thrust bearings.

Methods

In the analysis of thrust bearing systems, the lubricating fluid film is modeled as a massless spring-damper system. The finite perturbation method for the governing Reynolds equation is used to calculate the dynamic coefficients of the thrust bearing. This is done using the finite difference method (FDM) in polar coordinates.

Results

This study investigates the influence of misalignment, rotating speed, and mesh size on the bearing coefficients of the thrust bearing. The results show that misalignment angle and film thickness have a clear effect on the dynamic coefficients, while changing the rotational speed has no effect on the damping coefficients. The study also investigates the axial force and moments and dynamic coefficients of an inclined pad thrust bearing.

Conclusion

This study concludes that evaluating the first- and second-order bearing coefficients of the thrust bearing using the finite perturbation method can improve the accuracy of modeling thrust bearings. The study also highlights the significant influence of misalignment and film thickness on the dynamic coefficients of the thrust bearing. The results presented in this study provide valuable data that can be used as input for rotor dynamics analyses in high-speed rotating machinery.
Simulation of reservoir outflows using regression tree and support vector machine
Authors: Kaushik Vijay , Awasthi Noopur
Published: April 2023

Water stored in reservoirs has a lot of crucial function, including generating hydropower, supporting water supply, and relieving lasting droughts. During floods, water deliveries from reservoirs must be acceptable, so as to guarantee that the gross volume of water is at a safe level and any release from reservoirs will not trigger flooding downstream. This study aims to develop a well-versed assessment method for managing reservoirs and pre-releasing water outflows by using the machine learning technology. As a new and exciting AI area, this technology is regarded as the most valuable, time-saving, supervised and cost-effective approach. In this study, two data-driven forecasting models, i.e., Regression Tree (RT) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), were employed for approximately 30 years’ hydrological records, so as to simulate reservoir outflows. The SVM and RT models were applied to the data, accurately predicting the fluctuations in the water outflows of a Bhakra reservoir. Different input combinations were used to determine the most effective release. For cross-validation, the number of folds varied. It is found that quadratic SVM for 10 folds with seven different parameters would give the minimum RMSE, maximum R2, and minimum MAE; therefore, it can be considered as the best model for the dataset used in this study.
The Cosmological Doctors of Classical Greece
Authors: Camden David H.
Published: April 2023

Why did some doctors in Classical Greece feel compelled to study the universe as a whole? How could cosmological principles be employed in clinical practice? This book explores the works of the cosmological doctors, such as On Breaths, On Flesh, and On Regimen, and argues that they form part of a much broader reorganization of medical knowledge in the fifth and fourth centuries BCE. These healers used cosmological principles as a supplement to, rather than a replacement of, more traditional approaches to health and disease, creating theories about the cosmos whose obscurities can best be understood as the products of medical thinking. Through fresh readings of many ancient sources, the book revises customary views of the intersections between medicine and cosmology in Classical Greece and advances our understanding of one of the most remarkable periods in the history of ancient thought.
Sympathy in Early Modern Literature and Culture
Authors: Meek Richard
Published: April 2023

This is the first comprehensive study of sympathy in the early modern period, providing a deeply researched and interdisciplinary examination of its development in Anglophone literature and culture. It argues that the term sympathy was used to refer to an active and imaginative sharing of affect considerably earlier than previous critical and historical accounts have suggested. Investigating a wide range of texts and genres, including prose fiction, sermons, poetic complaint, drama, political tracts, and scientific treatises, Richard Meek demonstrates the ways in which sympathy in the period is bound up with larger debates about society, religion, and identity. He also reveals the extent to which early modern emotions were not simply humoral or grounded in the body, but rather relational, comparative, and intertextual. This volume will be of particular interest to scholars and students of Renaissance literature and history, the history of emotions, and the history and philosophy of science.
Medieval Polyphony and Song
Authors: Deeming Helen , van der Heijden Frieda
Published: April 2023

What characterises medieval polyphony and song? Who composed this music, sang it, and wrote it down? Where and when did the different genres originate, and under what circumstances were they created and performed? This book gives a comprehensive introduction to the rich variety of polyphonic practices and song traditions during the Middle Ages. It explores song from across Europe, in Latin and vernacular languages (precursors to modern Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish); and polyphony from early improvised organum to rhythmically and harmonically complex late medieval motets. Each chapter focuses on a particular geographical location, setting out the specific local contexts of the music created there. Guiding the reader through the musical techniques of melody, harmony, rhythm, and notation that distinguish the different genres of polyphony and song, the authors also consider the factors that make modern performances of this music sound so different from one another.
Time to consider the timing of conservation measures: Designing cost-effective agri-environment schemes under climate change
Authors: Gerling Charlotte , Drechsler Martin , Keuler Klaus , Sturm Astrid , Wätzold Frank
Published: April 2023

Climate change is one of the largest threats for biodiversity as changing climatic conditions often make existing habitat sites less suitable. This poses new challenges for species conservation, in particular in agricultural landscapes, where climate change may also induce modifications in agricultural land use. To conserve species in agricultural landscapes, agri-environment schemes (AES) which compensate farmers for implementing conservation measures are commonly used. However, current research on the cost-effective design of AES largely ignores necessary adaptations of conservation measures given climate change. We develop a climate-ecological-economic (CEE) model to examine how the cost-effective design of AES has to be modified under climate change. We apply the model to the conservation of eight meadow bird species in Northern Germany and determine the cost-effective conservation measures under recent and future climatic conditions. We find that the timing of conservation measures in the AES needs to be changed in the RCP8.5 scenario given the species’ phenological adaptations and the impact of extreme events (inundations) on costs. The novelty of the research lies in the development of a CEE model which considers both spatial and temporal changes in costs and benefits to develop recommendations for the cost-effective design of AES under climate change.
Financial education: From better personal finance to improved citizenship
Authors: Fornero Elsa , Lo Prete Anna
Published: April 2023

Financial education is a crucial determinant of informed decisions, in both the private and social spheres. From a life cycle perspective, it improves personal finance. From youth to retirement, basic economic and financial competences, including specific pension literacy, help to plan for the future and to make better choices, thus reducing the probability of financial fragility, particularly in old age, and increasing economic independence, particularly for women. In the social sphere, a growing literature is demonstrating that basic financial education also affects public choices, influencing voting behavior, economic reforms, policy outcomes, and, more generally, the workings of our democracies.
Absolute instability of plane incompressible jets
Authors: Vedeneev Vasily , Nikitin Nikolay
Published: April 2023

In this paper, the possibility of absolute instability in a plane unidirectional jet is analysed. We consider a parametrized family of velocity profiles with variable inflection point location and shear layer thickness. Using the inviscid saddle-point analysis, we show that absolute instability can occur in the case of a sufficiently low velocity at the inflection point or a sufficiently thin shear layer. Then we proceed to the viscous analysis and find the critical Reynolds numbers separating the zones of convective and absolute instability. We obtained a minimum value

$Re = 315$

. As an independent verification of the theoretical results, we conduct a direct numerical simulation of the evolution of a localized pulse perturbation in the framework of the linearized Navier–Stokes equations. The calculated absolute/convective instability boundary is in a good agreement with theoretical results of the saddle-point analysis.
Scaling CO2–brine mixing in permeable media via analogue models
Authors: Letelier J.A. , Ulloa H.N. , Leyrer J. , Ortega J.H.
Published: April 2023

Supercritical

${\rm CO}_2$

injection and dissolution into deep brine aquifers allow its sequestration within geological formations. After injection,

${\rm CO}_{2}$

gas phase is buoyancy-driven over the denser aqueous brine, reaching an apparent gravitational stable distribution. However,

${\rm CO}_2$

dissolution in brine propels convection since the mixture is even denser than the underlying brine. This process still needs to be characterised comprehensively. Here, we investigate the irreversible mixing of dissolved

${\rm CO}_2$

in brine through laboratory-scale numerical experiments utilising the Hele-Shaw model (Letelier et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 864, 2019, pp. 746–767) and a fully miscible two-fluid system. In this scenario, mixing the less dense fluid – mimicking

${\rm CO}_{2}$

gas phase – with the heavier fluid – representing aqueous brine – catalyses cabbeling-powered convection. Our numerical simulations recover the laboratory results in porous media by Neufeld et al. (Geophys. Res. Lett., vol. 37, issue 22, 2010, L22404) and may explain the scaling law obtained by Backhaus et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 106, issue 10, 2011, 104501) in Hele-Shaw cells. More remarkably, we show that the mass flux between the two analogue fluids, characterised by the Sherwood number

$ {{Sh}}$

, obeys the universal scaling law

$ {{Sh}}\sim {{Ra}}\, \vartheta _{scalar}$

, with

$ {{Ra}}$

the Rayleigh number and

$\vartheta _{scalar}$

the mean scalar dissipation rate. This paper sheds light on the fluid dynamics and solubility trapping in geological carbon sequestration.
Bubble collapse near porous plates
Authors: Andrews Elijah D. , Fernández Rivas David , Peters Ivo R.
Published: April 2023

The collapse of a gas or vapour bubble near a non-porous boundary is directed at the boundary due to the asymmetry induced by the nearby boundary. High surface pressure and shear stress from this collapse can damage, or clean, the surface. A porous boundary, such as a filter, would act similarly to a non-porous boundary but with reduced asymmetry and thus reduced effect. Prior research has measured the cleaning effect of bubbles on filters using ultrasonic cleaning, but it is not known how the bubble dynamics are fundamentally affected by the porosity of the surface. We address this question experimentally by investigating how the standoff distance, porosity, pore size and pore shape affect two collapse properties: bubble displacement and bubble rebound size. We show that these properties depend primarily on the standoff distance and porosity of the boundary and extend a previously developed numerical model that approximates this behaviour. Using the numerical model in combination with experimental data, we show that bubble displacement and bubble rebound size each collapse onto respective single curves.
Vortex-induced vibration forever even with high structural damping
Authors: Han Peng , de Langre Emmanuel , Thompson Mark C. , Hourigan Kerry , Zhao Jisheng
Published: April 2023

This study investigates the effect of structural damping on vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a circular cylinder when the mass ratio is below its critical value. It is confirmed by water-channel experiments and a reduced-order model (ROM) that the previously identified phenomenon of VIV forever, i.e. resonance oscillations at any reduced velocity, persists even with high structural damping. Of interest, the ROM results reveal that the wake mode for VIV forever is unstable with a constant positive growth rate with increasing reduced velocity, while the experimental results suggest that VIV forever is associated with a synchronisation between the non-stationary cylinder vibration frequency and the vortex-shedding frequency.
Bubble-induced oscillating flow in microbubble emission boiling under highly subcooled conditions
Authors: Tang Jiguo , Li Xiao , Xu Lingmiao , Sun Licheng
Published: April 2023

Microbubble emission boiling (MEB), a phenomenon that occurs under highly subcooled boiling conditions, can achieve a high heat flux beyond critical heat flux. MEB has been observed to differ from nucleate boiling and is always accompanied by the emission of microbubbles from an oscillating bubble. The heat transfer mechanism of MEB differs from that of nucleate boiling and remains elusive. In this study, we measure the behaviour of a vapour bubble and its induced liquid flow simultaneously during subcooled boiling using the high-speed two-phase particle image velocimetry method. Different from nucleate boiling, we observe a rapid oscillating flow outside the bubble that constantly attaches on the heating surface in MEB. The spatially and temporally averaged velocity magnitude values under this oscillating flow, and their dependency on liquid subcooling and heat flux, are quantified. Then we derive a scaling law for the heat transfer of MEB as a function of Péclet and Jacob numbers. With such correlations, we suggest that the oscillating flow induced by bubble oscillations is important to MEB, thus elucidating a different heat transport process from nucleate boiling.
Youngest Toba Tuff deposits in the Gundlakamma River basin, Andhra Pradesh, India and their role in evaluating Late Pleistocene behavioral change in South Asia
Authors: Anil Devara , Devi Monika , Blinkhorn James , Smith Victoria , Sanghode Satish , Mahesh Vrushab , Khan Zakir , Ajithprasad P. , Chauhan Naveen
Published: April 2023

The eruption of Toba ca. 75 ka was the largest volcanic eruptive event during the Quaternary, and evidence for this eruption is widespread in terrestrial sediment sequences in South Asia as primary and reworked distal ash deposits. Youngest Toba Tuff horizons (YTT) have been widely employed as isochrons to understand and link regional sediment sequences and the evidence for environmental and cultural change in the archaeological records preserved within them. We identify the YTT deposits at Retlapalle, Andhra Pradesh, India, and present the optical ages of the K-feldspar grains recovered from sediments immediately underlying and overlying the tephra horizon. We combine these results with particle size and magnetic susceptibility analyses to establish the depositional conditions of YTT, which indicate that accumulation and reworking ceased by ca. 64 ka. We explore the role of YTT deposits as an isochron for examining the effect of the 75 ka Toba super-eruption, highlighting the need for an independent chronological assessment of YTT before using it as a Late Pleistocene chronological marker in reconstructing South Asian paleo-landscapes and hominin adaptations. Further, our findings support the regional continuity of human occupations within South Asia, spanning the eruption of Toba and the enduring utility of Middle Paleolithic tools.
The Political Consequences of Green Policies: Evidence from Italy
Authors: COLANTONE ITALO , DI LONARDO LIVIO , MARGALIT YOTAM , PERCOCO MARCO
Published: April 2023

For many governments, enacting green policies is a priority, but such policies often impose on citizens substantial and uneven costs. How does the introduction of green policies affect voting? We study this question in the context of a major ban on polluting cars introduced in Milan, which was strongly opposed by the populist right party Lega. Using several inferential strategies, we show that owners of banned vehicles—who incurred a median loss of €3,750—were significantly more likely to vote for Lega in the subsequent elections. Our analysis indicates that this electoral change did not stem from a broader shift against environmentalism, but rather from disaffection with the policy’s uneven pocketbook implications. In line with this pattern, recipients of compensation from the local government were not more likely to switch to Lega. The findings highlight the central importance of distributive consequences in shaping the political ramifications of green policies.
Behavioural Insights and Public Policy in Canada
Authors: Hopkins Vincent , Lawlor Andrea
Published: April 2023

Much of political science rests on assumptions about how policy makers and citizens behave. However, questions remain about how public policy can improve the government–citizen relationship. In this research note, we present behavioural insights (BI) as one way to address this gap. First, we argue that BI can be strategically used both to alleviate administrative burdens and to enhance citizen experience. Second, we argue that BI interventions can assist in several stages of the policy process, strengthening causal inferences about policy efficacy. Third, we present original data from Canada's ongoing experimentation with BI across multiple jurisdictions and areas of public policy. We conclude by acknowledging the myriad pathways through which BI research can engage with public policy to support the enhancement of citizen-oriented service delivery.
SENSE AND SEPARABILITY
Authors: Camilleri Simon
Published: April 2023

This article explores the doctrine of separability, as understood in particular in the English legal tradition. It does so by reference to the decisions in Sulamérica Cia Nacional de Seguros SA and others v Enesa Engelharia SA and others and ENKA İnşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş. v OOO ‘Insurance Company Chubb’ & Ors that explore the relevance of the concept when determining the law applicable to the arbitration agreement. These decisions largely treat the doctrine as irrelevant to the determination of the law governing the arbitration agreement. They do so because of the way in which English law views separability as tied inimically to the concept of enforcement of the arbitration agreement. This is unsurprising given the content of section 7 of the Arbitration Act 1996 and the position of the doctrine of separability as a legal fiction that must be restricted to its defined purpose. Viewed against the potential reform of the Arbitration Act 1996, the author asks whether a broader view of separability can be adopted. The author's view is that there are cogent and compelling reasons for adopting a broader view, that would promote certainty and consistency in a way that is not best served by the current approach.
Effectiveness of near-UVA in SARS-CoV-2 inactivation
Authors: Frilli Eleonora , Amodeo Davide , Cevenini Gabriele , Nante Nicola , Messina Gabriele
Published: April 2023

This experimental study aimed to determine the activity of a near-UVA (405 nm) LED ceiling system against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The ceiling system comprised 17 near-UVA LED lights with a radiant power of 1.1 W/each centred at 405 nm wavelength. A 96-multiwell plate, fixed to a wooden base, was inoculated with suspensions of VERO E6 cell cultures infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus and irradiated at a distance of 40 cm with a dose of 20.2 J/cm2 for 120 min. The collected suspensions were transferred to VERO cell culture plates and incubated for 3 days. The maximum measurable log reduction obtained, starting from a concentration of 107.2 TCID50/mL, was 3.0 log10 and indicated inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication by the near-UVA LED ceiling system. Near-UVA light at a 405-nm wavelength is emerging as a potential alternative treatment for localised infections and environmental decontamination because it is far less harmful to living organisms’ cells than UV-C irradiation.
Six-month cardiac outcomes in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
Authors: Kaltman Joshua , Keesari Rohali , Madani Rohit , Jaggi Preeti , Oster Matthew E.
Published: April 2023

Background:

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children is a rare, post-infectious complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. We aimed to assess the long-term sequelae, particularly cardiac, in a large, diverse population.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective cohort study of all children (aged 0–20 years, n = 304) admitted to a tertiary care centre with a diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children from March 1, 2020 to August 31, 2021 and had at least one follow-up visit through December 31, 2021. Data were collected at hospitalisation, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year after diagnosis, where applicable. Cardiovascular outcomes included left ventricular ejection fraction, presence or absence of pericardial effusion, coronary artery abnormalities, and abnormal electrocardiogram findings.

Results:

Population was median age 9 years (IQR 5–12), 62.2% male, 61.8% African American (AA), and 15.8% Hispanic. Hospitalisation findings included abnormal echocardiogram 57.2%, mean worst recorded left ventricular ejection fraction 52.4% ± 12.4%, non-trivial pericardial effusion 13.4%, coronary artery abnormalities 10.6%, and abnormal ECG 19.6%. During follow-up, abnormal echocardiogram significantly decreased to 6.0% at 2 weeks and 4.7% at 6 weeks. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction significantly increased to 65.4% ± 5.6% at 2 weeks and stabilised. Pericardial effusion significantly decreased to 3.2% at 2 weeks and stabilised. Coronary artery abnormalities significantly decreased to 2.0% and abnormal electrocardiograms significantly decreased to 6.4% at 2 weeks and stabilised.

Conclusion:

Children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children have significant echocardiographic abnormalities during the acute presentation, but these findings typically improve within weeks. However, a small subset of patients may have persistent coronary abnormalities.
Idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium: a case report
Authors: Almeida Catarina Maria , Sarmento João Antunes , Miranda Joana O.
Published: April 2023

Idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium is a rare congenital anomaly that presents as an isolated enlargement of the right atrium. Thrombus formation and atrial arrhythmias are the major complications and management with antiplatelet therapy is recommended. Reduction atrial plasty is reserved for specific patients. We report a case of idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium diagnosed prenatally with a 10-year follow-up.
The impact of caring on caregivers of patients with life-threatening organ failure
Authors: Kurita Geana Paula , Eidemak Inge , Larsen Sille , Jeppesen Palle Bekker , Antonsen Louise Bangsgaard , Molsted Stig , Liem Ylian Serina , Pressler Tania , Sjøgren Per
Published: April 2023

Objectives

This study aimed at characterizing 3 populations of family/friend caregivers of patients with different life-threatening organ failure regarding health-related quality of life, caregiver burden, and dyadic coping.

Methods

Three cross-sectional (population) studies were conducted at a tertiary hospital in Denmark (2019–2020). Patients with renal failure (RF), cystic fibrosis (CF), and intestinal failure (IF) were asked to designate the closest person with ≥18 years old involved in the care (caregiver) to participate in this study. Number of caregivers included were RF = 78, CF = 104, and IF = 73. Electronic questionnaires were filled in by caregivers to assess health-related quality of life and caregiver burden and by caregivers and respective patients to assess dyadic coping.

Results

The 3 caregiver groups had self-perception of poor health and energy; however, caregivers of CF patients perceived their physical role functioning better than those caregiving for RF and IF patients (p = 0.002). The level of caregiver burden was reported as not high, but caregivers used in average 13 hours/day for caring. Moreover, cleaning tasks (p = 0.005) and personal care (p = 0.009) were more demanding in RF and IF patients. Caregivers also did not differ regarding dyadic coping. When comparing patients and caregivers, stress communication by oneself and the partner differed (p < 0.001).

Significance of results

Caregivers spent many hours in the care role, they reported poor health, and dyadic coping may be improved. Interventions in caregivers of patients with life-threatening organ failure could help to improve care management at home, caregiver’s health, and dyadic coping between caregiver and patient and consequently reduce caregiver burden.
Target-site and non–target site mechanisms of pronamide resistance in annual bluegrass (Poa annua) populations from Mississippi golf courses
Authors: Ignes Martin , McCurdy James D. , McElroy J. Scott , Castro Edicarlos B. , Ferguson Jason C. , Meredith Ashley N. , Rutland Claudia Ann , Stewart Barry R. , Tseng Te-Ming P.
Published: April 2023

The mitotic-inhibiting herbicide pronamide controls susceptible annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) pre- and postemergence, but in some resistant populations, postemergence activity is compromised, hypothetically due to a target-site mutation, lack of root uptake, or an unknown resistance mechanism. Three suspected pronamide-resistant (LH-R, SC-R, and SL-R) and two pronamide-susceptible (BS-S and HH-S) populations were collected from Mississippi golf courses. Dose–response experiments were conducted to confirm and quantify pronamide resistance, as well as resistance to flazasulfuron and simazine. Target sites known to confer resistance to mitotic-inhibiting herbicides were sequenced, as were target sites for herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase (ALS) and photosystem II (PSII). Pronamide absorption and translocation were investigated following foliar and soil applications. Dose–response experiments confirmed pronamide resistance of LH-R, SC-R, and SL-R populations, as well as instances of multiple resistance to ALS- and PSII-inhibiting herbicides. Sequencing of the α-tubulin gene confirmed the presence of a mutation that substituted isoleucine for threonine at position 239 (Thr-239-Ile) in LH-R, SC-R, SL-R, and BS-S populations. Foliar application experiments failed to identify differences in pronamide absorption and translocation between the five populations, regardless of harvest time. All populations had limited basipetal translocation—only 3% to 13% of the absorbed pronamide—across harvest times. Soil application experiments revealed that pronamide translocation was similar between SC-R, SL-R, and both susceptible populations across harvest times. The LH-R population translocated less soil-applied pronamide than susceptible populations at 24, 72, and 168 h after treatment, suggesting that reduced acropetal translocation may contribute to pronamide resistance. This study reports three new pronamide-resistant populations, two of which are resistant to two modes of action (MOAs), and one of which is resistant to three MOAs. Results suggest that both target site– and translocation-based mechanisms may be associated with pronamide resistance. Further research is needed to confirm the link between pronamide resistance and the Thr-239-Ile mutation of the α-tubulin gene.
Dicamba air concentrations in eastern Arkansas and impact on soybean
Authors: Zaccaro-Gruener Maria Leticia , Norsworthy Jason K. , Brabham Chad B. , Barber L. Tom , Roberts Trenton L. , Mauromoustakos Andy , Mueller Thomas C.
Published: April 2023

Damage to non–dicamba resistant (non-DR) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has been frequent in geographies where dicamba-resistant (DR) soybean and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) have been grown and sprayed with the herbicide in recent years. Off-target movement field trials were conducted in northwest Arkansas to determine the relationship between dicamba concentration in the air and the extent of symptomology on non-DR soybean. Additionally, the frequency and concentration of dicamba in air samples at two locations in eastern Arkansas and environmental conditions that impacted the detection of the herbicide in air samples were evaluated. Treatment applications included dicamba at 560 g ae ha−1 (1X rate), glyphosate at 860 g ae ha−1, and particle drift retardant at 1% v/v applied to 0.37-ha fields with varying degrees of vegetation. The relationship between dicamba concentration in air samples and non-DR soybean response to the herbicide was more predictive with visible injury (generalized R2 = 0.82) than height reduction (generalized R2 = 0.43). The predicted dicamba air concentration resulting in 10% injury to soybean was 1.60 ng m−3 d−1 for a single exposure. The predicted concentration from a single exposure to dicamba resulting in a 10% height reduction was 3.78 ng m−3 d−1. Dicamba was frequently detected in eastern Arkansas, and daily detections above 1.60 ng m−3 occurred 17 times in the period sampled. The maximum concentration of dicamba recorded was 7.96 ng m−3 d−1, while dicamba concentrations at Marianna and Keiser, AR, were ≥1 ng m−3 d−1 in six samples collected in 2020 and 22 samples in 2021. Dicamba was detected consistently in air samples collected, indicating high usage in the region and the potential for soybean damage over an extended period. More research is needed to quantify the plant absorption rate of volatile dicamba and to evaluate the impact of multiple exposures of gaseous dicamba on non-targeted plant species.
Sexual Risk Behavior of Children and Adolescents With a History of Sexual Violence
Authors: Schulte Katharina Louisa , Szota Katharina , Christiansen Hanna
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Theoretical Background: Experiencing sexual violence (SV) at a young age can impede sexual development and lead to sexual risk behavior. Objective: This meta-analysis aims to provide a systematic overview regarding the development of sexual risk behavior in sexually violated children and adolescents. Method: A systematic literature search was carried out (PubMed, ERIC, Cochrane, and PubPsych). Meta-analyses were conducted, investigating the link between child SV and sexual behaviors (teenage pregnancy, safer sex, substance use during intercourse, transactional sex, and number of sex partners). Results: A total of 19 studies were identified. Survivors of SV are more likely to have higher numbers of sex partners, be involved in teenage pregnancy, and participate in transactional sex. Discussion: Early identification of sexually violated youth is important in order to intervene at an early stage and reduce the effects of sexual violence preventively. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020145139.
Thinking About Distant Future Self Leads to Better Current Task Performance Through Higher Future Self-Appraisals
Authors: Bajcar Beata , Lachowicz-Tabaczek Kinga , Białek Michał
Published: April 2023

Abstract. People tend to appraise their distant future self better than their near future self ( future self-enhancement effect). An open question is whether this tendency has implications for current performance. In two sets of experiments ( N = 554), after envisioning their near or distant future, participants made future self-appraisals and performed an anagram task. We observed that future self-enhancement effect leads to better task performance, regardless of whether the future self was appraised in an absolute (Experiment 1a) or comparative (Experiment 1b) way. Experiment 2a additionally revealed that future self-enhancement effect might facilitate better task performance through increased current self-evaluations. In each study, future self-enhancement effect suppressed the negative, direct impact of envisioning one’s distant (vs. near) future on task performance.
Decadal Predictability of the North Atlantic Eddy‐Driven Jet in Winter
Authors: Marcheggiani Andrea , Robson Jon , Monerie Paul‐Arthur , Bracegirdle Thomas J. , Smith Doug
Published: April 2023

This paper expands on work showing that the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is predictable on decadal timescales to quantify the skill in capturing the North Atlantic eddy‐driven jet's location and speed. By focusing on decadal predictions made for years 2–9 from the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project over 1960–2005 we find that there is significant skill in jet latitude and, especially, jet speed associated with the skill in the NAO. However, the skill in the NAO, jet latitude and speed indices appears to be sensitive to the period over which it is assessed. In particular, skill drops considerably when evaluating hindcasts up to the present day as models fail to capture the recent observed northern shift and strengthening of the winter eddy‐driven jet, and more thus positive NAO. We suggest that the drop in atmospheric circulation skill is related to reduced skill in North Atlantic sea surface temperatures.
Unprecedented Observation of Hourly Rock Glacier Velocity With Ground‐Based SAR
Authors: Bertone Aldo , Seppi Roberto , Callegari Mattia , Cuozzo Giovanni , Dematteis Niccolò , Krainer Karl , Marin Carlo , Notarnicola Claudia , Zucca Francesco
Published: April 2023

The kinematic acceleration of rock glaciers observed in recent decades shows that the behavior of these landforms is related to climate change. Velocity variations on yearly to seasonal time scales are frequently investigated, but velocity changes measured on shorter time scales (i.e., on hourly resolutions) are as yet poorly investigated. We used a ground based synthetic aperture radar to investigate, on an hourly time scale, the displacement of a rock glacier located in Val Senales (European Alps, northern Italy). We observed velocity fluctuations occurring at a very regular pace, characterized by phases of sharp acceleration (up to 0.9 mm/hr) lasting 4–11 hr followed by long phases of stagnation lasting 13–20 hr. This study describes an unprecedented observation of an hourly velocity rhythm of an active rock glacier and opens up new perspectives in the analysis and interpretation of rock glacier kinematics.
Lithospheric Elastic Thickness Beneath the Caloris Basin: Implications for the Thermal Structure of Mercury
Authors: Deng Qingyun , Xiao Zhiyong , Zhong Zhen , Ye Mao , Li Fei , Yan Jianguo , Barriot Jean‐Pierre
Published: April 2023

The elastic thickness of a planet's lithosphere is essential to the investigation of its thermal evolution. Our work focuses on the largest visible impact basin on Mercury, Caloris, which has undergone complex magma‐tectonic deformation after its formation. Using a flexural lithosphere model with the initial mantle plug loading, we estimated the elastic thickness in the Caloris region to be 18.0  4.4 km. The successful application of the mantle loading model and the small load ratio indicates that major load in the Caloris region is the mantle plug rather than the lateral density anomaly. The 18 km effective elastic thickness indicates the lithospheric temperature at the time of loading. The current heat production rate in Mercury mantle is estimated as 2.2–4.2 × 10−12 W/kg. Comparison between the effective elastic thickness predicted from the thermal model and loading model suggests that the megaregolith in the Caloris basin region has a certain thickness (>3 km) to ensure the formation of a lithosphere with 18 km elastic thickness. The temperature model results also indicate that the mantle heat production rate at 3.6 Ga is closer to that calculated based on a model with heat‐producing elements abundance close to CI chondrite‐like primitive silicate portion of Mercury. The surface heat flow in the Caloris region is consistent with other megaregolith‐covered regions.
A deep neural network regressor for phase constitution estimation in the high entropy alloy system Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Mn-Nb-Ni
Authors: Vazquez G. , Chakravarty S. , Gurrola R. , Arróyave R.
Published: April 2023

High Entropy Alloys (HEAs) are composed of more than one principal element and constitute a major paradigm in metals research. The HEA space is vast and an exhaustive exploration is improbable. Therefore, a thorough estimation of the phases present in the HEA is of paramount importance for alloy design. Machine Learning presents a feasible and non-expensive method for predicting possible new HEAs on-the-fly. A deep neural network (DNN) model for the elemental system of: Mn, Ni, Fe, Al, Cr, Nb, and Co is developed using a dataset generated by high-throughput computational thermodynamic calculations using Thermo-Calc. The features list used for the neural network is developed based on literature and freely available databases. A feature significance analysis matches the reported HEAs phase constitution trends on elemental properties and further expands it by providing so far-overlooked features. The final regressor has a coefficient of determination (r2) greater than 0.96 for identifying the most recurrent phases and the functionality is tested by running optimization tasks that simulate those required in alloy design. The DNN developed constitutes an example of an emulator that can be used in fast, real-time materials discovery/design tasks.
Local genetic correlations exist among neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases
Authors: Reynolds Regina H. , Wagen Aaron Z. , Lona-Durazo Frida , Scholz Sonja W. , Shoai Maryam , Hardy John , Gagliano Taliun Sarah A. , Ryten Mina
Published: April 2023

Genetic correlation ($$r_g$$rg) between traits can offer valuable insight into underlying shared biological mechanisms. Neurodegenerative diseases overlap neuropathologically and often manifest comorbid neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, global$$r_g$$rganalyses show minimal$$r_g$$rgamong neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Importantly, local$$r_g$$rgs can exist in the absence of global relationships. To investigate this possibility, we applied LAVA, a tool for local$$r_g$$rganalysis, to genome-wide association studies of 3 neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Lewy body dementia and Parkinson’s disease) and 3 neuropsychiatric disorders (bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia). We identified several local$$r_g$$rgs missed in global analyses, including between (i) all 3 neurodegenerative diseases and schizophrenia and (ii) Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. For those local$$r_g$$rgs identified in genomic regions containing disease-implicated genes, such asSNCA, CLUandAPOE, incorporation of expression quantitative trait loci identified genes that may drive genetic overlaps between diseases. Collectively, we demonstrate that complex genetic relationships exist among neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, highlighting putative pleiotropic genomic regions and genes. These findings imply sharing of pathogenic processes and the potential existence of common therapeutic targets.
Programmable photonic integrated meshes for modular generation of optical entanglement links
Authors: Dong Mark , Zimmermann Matthew , Heim David , Choi Hyeongrak , Clark Genevieve , Leenheer Andrew J. , Palm Kevin J. , Witte Alex , Dominguez Daniel , Gilbert Gerald , Eichenfield Matt , Englund Dirk
Published: April 2023

Large-scale generation of quantum entanglement between individually controllable qubits is at the core of quantum computing, communications, and sensing. Modular architectures of remotely-connected quantum technologies have been proposed for a variety of physical qubits, with demonstrations reported in atomic and all-photonic systems. However, an open challenge in these architectures lies in constructing high-speed and high-fidelity reconfigurable photonic networks for optically-heralded entanglement among target qubits. Here we introduce a programmable photonic integrated circuit (PIC), realized in a piezo-actuated silicon nitride (SiN)-in-oxide CMOS-compatible process, that implements an N × N Mach–Zehnder mesh (MZM) capable of high-speed execution of linear optical transformations. The visible-spectrum photonic integrated mesh is programmed to generate optical connectivity on up to N = 8 inputs for a range of optically-heralded entanglement protocols. In particular, we experimentally demonstrated optical connections between 16 independent pairwise mode couplings through the MZM, with optical transformation fidelities averaging 0.991 ± 0.0063. The PIC’s reconfigurable optical connectivity suffices for the production of 8-qubit resource states as building blocks of larger topological cluster states for quantum computing. Our programmable PIC platform enables the fast and scalable optical switching technology necessary for network-based quantum information processors.