bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climatology of mesopause region nocturnal temperature, zonal wind, and sodium
density observed by sodium lidar over Hefei, China (32° N, 117° E)
Authors: Li Tao , Ban Chao , Fang Xin , Li Jing , Wu Zhaopeng , Feng Wuhu , Plane John M. C. , Xiong Jianguang , Marsh Daniel R. , Mills Michael J. , Dou Xiankang
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The University of Science and Technology of China narrowband sodium temperature/wind lidar, located in Hefei, China (32° N, 117° E), has made routine nighttime measurements since January 2012. 154 nights (~ 1400 hours) of vertical profiles of temperature, sodium density, and zonal wind, and 83 nights (~ 800 hours) of vertical flux of gravity wave (GW) zonal momentum in the mesopause region (80–105 km) have been obtained during the period from 2012 to 2016. In temperature, it is most likely that the diurnal tide dominates below 100 km in spring, while the semidiurnal tide dominates above 100 km throughout the year. A clear semiannual variation in temperature is revealed near 90 km, in phase with the tropical mesospheric semiannual oscillation (MSAO). The variability of sodium density is positively correlated with temperature below 95 km, suggesting that in addition to dynamics, the chemistry also plays an important role in the formation of sodium atoms. The seasonal variability of sodium density observed by both lidar and satellite generally agrees well with a whole atmosphere model simulation using an updated meteoric input function which includes different cosmic dust sources. In zonal wind, the diurnal tide dominates in both spring and fall, while semidiurnal tide dominates in winter. The observed semiannual variation in zonal wind near 90 km is out-of-phase with that in temperature, consistent with the tropical MSAO. The GW zonal momentum flux is mostly westward in fall and winter, anti-correlated with eastward zonal wind. The annual mean flux averaged over 87–97 km is ~ −0.3 m2/s2 (westward), anti-correlated with eastward zonal wind of ~ 10 m/s. The lidar observations generally agree with satellite and meteor radar observations as well as model simulations at similar latitudes.
The water vapour self-continuum absorption in the infrared atmospheric windows: new laser measurements near 3.3 and 2.0 µm
Authors: Lechevallier Loic , Vasilchenko Semen , Grilli Roberto , Mondelain Didier , Romanini Daniele , Campargue Alain
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The amplitude, the temperature dependence, and the physical origin of the water vapour absorption continuum are a long-standing issue in molecular spectroscopy with direct impact in atmospheric and planetary sciences. In recent years, we have determined the self-continuum absorption of water vapour at different spectral points of the atmospheric windows at 4.0, 2.1, 1.6, and 1.25 µm, by highly sensitive cavity-enhanced laser techniques. These accurate experimental constraints have been used to adjust the last version (3.2) of the semi-empirical MT_CKD model (Mlawer-Tobin_Clough-Kneizys-Davies), which is widely incorporated in atmospheric radiative-transfer codes. In the present work, the self-continuum cross-sections, CS, are newly determined at 3.3 µm (3007 cm−1) and 2.0 µm (5000 cm−1) by optical-feedback-cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (OFCEAS) and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), respectively. These new data allow extending the spectral coverage of the 4.0 and 2.1 µm windows, respectively, and testing the recently released 3.2 version of the MT_CKD continuum. By considering high temperature literature data together with our data, the temperature dependence of the self-continuum is also obtained.
A critical note on the IAGA-endorsed Polar Cap (PC) indices: excessive excursions in the real-time index values
Authors: Stauning Peter
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The Polar Cap (PC) indices were approved by the International Association
for Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) in 2013 and made available at the web
portal http://pcindex.org holding prompt (real-time) as well as
archival index values. The present note provides the first reported
examination of the validity of the IAGA-endorsed method to generate
real-time PC index values. It is demonstrated that features of the
derivation procedure defined by Janzhura and Troshichev (2011) may cause considerable excursions in the
real-time PC index values compared to the final index values. In examples
based on occasional downloads of index values, the differences between
real-time and final values of PC indices were found to exceed 3 mV m−1, which
is a magnitude level that may indicate (or hide) strong magnetic storm
activity. Keywords. Magnetospheric physics (solar wind–magnetosphere interactions; polar cap phenomena) – ionosphere (modelling and forecasting)
The silicon stable isotope distribution along the GEOVIDE section of the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Sutton Jill N. , de Souza Gregory F. , García-Ibáñez Maribel I. , De La Rocha Christina L.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The stable isotope composition of dissolved silicon in seawater (δ30SiDSi) was examined at 10 stations along the GEOVIDE section, spanning the North Atlantic Ocean (40° N–60° N) and Labrador Sea. Near-surface water δ30SiDSi could not be evaluated due to the very low dissolved silicon (DSi) concentrations (
The SISAL database: a global resource to document oxygen and carbon isotope
records from speleothems
Authors: Atsawawaranunt Kamolphat , Comas-Bru Laia , Amirnezhad Mozhdehi Sahar , Deininger Michael , Harrison Sandy P. , Baker Andy , Boyd Meighan , Kaushal Nikita , Ahmad Syed Masood , Ait Brahim Yassine , Arienzo Monica , Bajo Petra , Braun Kerstin , Burstyn Yuval , Chawchai Sakonvan , Duan Wuhui , Hatvani István Gábor , Hu Jun , Kern Zoltán , Labuhn Inga , Lachniet Matthew , Lechleiter Franziska A. , Lorrey Andrew , Pérez-Mejías Carlos , Pickering Robyn , Scroxton Nick ,   SISAL Working Group Members
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Stable isotope records from speleothems provide information on past climate changes, most particularly information that can be used to reconstruct past changes in precipitation and atmospheric circulation. These records are increasingly being used to provide “out-of-sample” evaluations of isotope-enabled climate models. SISAL (Speleothem Isotope Synthesis and Analysis) is an international working group of the Past Global Changes (PAGES) project. The working group aims to provide a comprehensive compilation of speleothem isotope records for climate reconstruction and model evaluation. The SISAL database contains data for individual speleothems, grouped by cave system. Stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon (δ18O, δ13C) measurements are referenced by distance from the top or youngest part of the speleothem. Additional tables provide information on dating, including information on the dates used to construct the original age model and sufficient information to assess the quality of each data set and to erect a standardized chronology across different speleothems. The metadata table provides location information, information about the full range of measurements carried out on each speleothem and information about the cave system that is relevant to the interpretation of the records, as well as citations for both publications and archived data. The compiled data are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.17864/1947.139.
Scaling and similarity of a stream-power incision and linear diffusion landscape evolution model
Authors: Theodoratos Nikos , Seybold Hansjörg , Kirchner James W.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Scaling and similarity of fluvial landscapes can reveal fundamental aspects of the physics driving their evolution. Here we perform dimensional analysis on a widely used landscape evolution model (LEM) that combines stream-power incision and linear diffusion laws. Our analysis assumes that length and height are conceptually distinct dimensions, and uses characteristic scales that depend only on the model parameters (incision coefficient, diffusion coefficient, and uplift rate) rather than on the size of the domain or of landscape features. We use a previously defined characteristic length scale, but introduce new characteristic height and time scales. We use these characteristic scales to non-dimensionalize the LEM, such that it includes only dimensionless variables and no parameters. This significantly simplifies the LEM by removing all parameter-related degrees of freedom. The only remaining degrees of freedom are in the boundary and initial conditions. Thus, for any given set of dimensionless boundary and initial conditions, all simulations, regardless of parameters, are just re-scaled copies of each other, both in steady state and throughout their evolution. Therefore, the entire model parameter space can be explored by temporally and spatially re-scaling a single simulation. This is orders of magnitude faster than performing multiple simulations to span multi-dimensional parameter spaces. The characteristic length, height, and time scales are geomorphologically interpretable; they define relationships between topography and the relative strengths of landscape-forming processes. The characteristic height scale specifies how drainage areas and slopes must be related to curvatures for a landscape to be in steady state, and leads to methods for defining valleys, estimating model parameters, and testing whether real topography follows the LEM. The characteristic length scale is roughly equal to the scale of the transition from diffusion-dominated to advection-dominated propagation of topographic perturbations (e.g., knickpoints). We introduce a modified definition of the landscape Péclet number, which quantifies the relative influence of advective versus diffusive propagation of perturbations. Our Péclet number definition can account for the scaling of basin length with basin area, which depends on topographic convergence versus divergence.
The impact of precipitation evaporation on the atmospheric aerosol distribution in EC-Earth v3.2.0
Authors: de Bruine Marco , Krol Maarten , van Noije Twan , Le Sager Philippe , Röckmann Thomas
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The representation of aerosol–cloud interaction in global climate models (GCMs) remains a large source of uncertainty in climate projections. Due to its complexity, precipitation evaporation is either ignored or taken into account in a simplified manner in GCMs. This research explores various ways to treat aerosol resuspension and determines the possible impact of precipitation evaporation and subsequent aerosol resuspension on global aerosol burdens and distribution. The representation of aerosol wet deposition by large-scale precipitation in the EC-Earth model has been improved by utilising additional precipitation-related 3-D fields from the dynamical core, the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) general circulation model, in the chemistry and aerosol module Tracer Model, version 5 (TM5). A simple approach of scaling aerosol release with evaporated precipitation fraction leads to an increase in the global aerosol burden (+7.8 to +15 % for different aerosol species). However, when taking into account the different sizes and evaporation rate of raindrops following Gong et al. (2006), the release of aerosols is strongly reduced, and the total aerosol burden decreases by −3.0 to −8.5 %. Moreover, inclusion of cloud processing based on observations by Mitra et al. (1992) transforms scavenged small aerosol to coarse particles, which enhances removal by sedimentation and hence leads to a −10 to −11 % lower aerosol burden. Finally, when these two effects are combined, the global aerosol burden decreases by −11 to −19 %. Compared to the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite observations, aerosol optical depth (AOD) is generally underestimated in most parts of the world in all configurations of the TM5 model and although the representation is now physically more realistic, global AOD shows no large improvements in spatial patterns. Similarly, the agreement of the vertical profile with Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) satellite measurements does not improve significantly. We show, however, that aerosol resuspension has a considerable impact on the modelled aerosol distribution and needs to be taken into account.
Reconstruction of droughts in India using multiple land-surface models (1951–2015)
Authors: Mishra Vimal , Shah Reepal , Azhar Syed , Shah Harsh , Modi Parth , Kumar Rohini
Published: April 2018

Abstract. India has witnessed some of the most severe historical droughts
in the current decade, and severity, frequency, and areal extent of droughts
have been increasing. As a large part of the population of India is dependent
on agriculture, soil moisture drought affecting agricultural activities (crop
yields) has significant impacts on socio-economic conditions. Due to limited
observations, soil moisture is generally simulated using land-surface
hydrological models (LSMs); however, these LSM outputs have uncertainty due
to many factors, including errors in forcing data and model parameterization.
Here we reconstruct agricultural drought events over India during the period
of 1951–2015 based on simulated soil moisture from three LSMs, the Variable
Infiltration Capacity (VIC), the Noah, and the Community Land Model (CLM).
Based on simulations from the three LSMs, we find that major drought events
occurred in 1987, 2002, and 2015 during the monsoon season (June through
September). During the Rabi season (November through February), major soil
moisture droughts occurred in 1966, 1973, 2001, and 2003. Soil moisture
droughts estimated from the three LSMs are comparable in terms of their
spatial coverage; however, differences are found in drought severity.
Moreover, we find a higher uncertainty in simulated drought characteristics
over a large part of India during the major crop-growing season (Rabi season,
November to February: NDJF) compared to those of the monsoon season (June to
September: JJAS). Furthermore, uncertainty in drought estimates is higher for
severe and localized droughts. Higher uncertainty in the soil moisture
droughts is largely due to the difference in model parameterizations
(especially soil depth), resulting in different persistence of soil moisture
simulated by the three LSMs. Our study highlights the importance of
accounting for the LSMs' uncertainty and consideration of the multi-model
ensemble system for the real-time monitoring and prediction of drought over
India.
Overflow of cold water across the Iceland-Faroe Ridge through the
Western Valley
Authors: Hansen Bogi , Húsgarð Larsen Karin Margretha , Malskær Olsen Steffen , Quadfasel Detlef , Jochumsen Kerstin , Østerhus Svein
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The Iceland-Faroe Ridge (IFR) is considered to be the third-most important passage for dense overflow water from the Nordic Seas feeding into the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation with a volume transport on the order of 1 Sv (106 m3 s−1). The Western Valley, which is the northernmost deep passage across the IFR, has been presumed to supply a strong and persistent overflow (WV-overflow), contributing a large fraction of the total overflow across the IFR. However, prolonged measurements of this transport are so far missing. In order to quantify the flow by direct measurements, three instrumental packages were deployed close to the sill of the Western Valley for 278 days (2016–2017) including an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler at the expected location of the overflow core. The average volume transport of WV-overflow during this field experiment was found to be less than 0.03 Sv. Aided by the observations and a two-layer hydraulic model, we argue that the reason for this low value is the inflow of warm Atlantic Water to the Norwegian Sea in the upper layers suppressing the deep overflow. The link between deep and surface flows explains an observed relationship between overflow and sea level slope as measured by satellite altimetry. This relationship, combined with historical hydrographic measurements allows us to conclude that the volume transport of WV-overflow most likely has been less than 0.1 Sv on average since the beginning of regular satellite altimetry in 1993. Our new direct measurements do not allow us to present an updated estimate of the total overflow across the IFR, but they indicate that it may well be considerably less than 1 Sv.
A multi-approach and multi-scale study on water quantity and quality changes in the Tapajós River basin, Amazon
Authors: Nóbrega Rodolfo Luiz Bezerra , Lamparter Gabriele , Hughes Harold , Guzha Alphonce Chenjerayi , Amorim Ricardo Santos Silva , Gerold Gerhard
Published: April 2018

Abstract. We analyzed changes in water quantity and quality at different spatial scales
within the Tapajós River basin (Amazon) based on experimental fieldwork,
hydrological modelling, and statistical time-trend analysis. At a small
scale, we compared the river discharge (Q) and suspended-sediment
concentrations (SSC) of two adjacent micro-catchments (< 1 km2)
with similar characteristics but contrasting land uses
(forest vs. pasture) using empirical data from field measurements. At an
intermediary scale, we simulated the hydrological responses of a sub-basin of
the Tapajós (Jamanxim River basin, 37 400 km2), using a hydrological
model (SWAT) and land-use change scenario in order to quantify the changes in
the water balance components due to deforestation. At the Tapajós' River
basin scale, we investigated trends in Q, sediments, hydrochemistry, and
geochemistry in the river using available data from the HYBAM Observation
Service. The results in the micro-catchments showed a higher runoff
coefficient in the pasture (0.67) than in the forest catchment (0.28). At
this scale, the SSC were also significantly greater during stormflows in the
pasture than in the forest catchment. At the Jamanxim watershed scale, the
hydrological modelling results showed a 2 % increase in Q and a 5 %
reduction of baseflow contribution to total Q after a conversion of 22 %
of forest to pasture. In the Tapajós River, however, trend analysis did
not show any significant trend in discharge and sediment concentration.
However, we found upward trends in dissolved organic carbon and NO3-
over the last 20 years. Although the magnitude of anthropogenic impact has
shown be scale-dependent, we were able to find changes in the Tapajós
River basin in streamflow, sediment concentration, and water quality across
all studied scales.
Morphodynamic change analysis of bedforms in the Lower Orinoco River, Venezuela
Authors: Yepez Santiago Paul , Laraque Alain , Gualtieri Carlo , Christophoul Frédéric , Marchan Claudio , Castellanos Bartolo , Azocar Jose Manuel , Lopez Jose Luis , Alfonso Juan
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The Orinoco River has the third largest discharge in the world, with an
annual mean flow of 37 600 m3 s−1 at its outlet to the Atlantic
Ocean. Due to the presence of the Guiana Shield on the right bank, the lower
reach of the Orinoco has a plan form characterized by contraction and
expansion zones. Typical 1–1.5 km wide narrow reaches are followed by
7–8 km
wide reaches. A complex pattern of bed aggradation and degradation processes
takes place during the annual hydrological regime. A series of Acoustic
Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) transects were collected on an expansion
channel in the Orinoco River, specifically over a fluvial island,
representative of the lower Orinoco. In this study, temporal series of
bathymetric cartography obtained by ADCP profiles combined with Differential
Global Position System (DGPS) measurements (with dual-frequency), were used
to recover the local displacement of bed forms in this island. The principal
aims of this analysis were: (1) to understand the dynamics and evolution of
sand waves and bars at this section and (2) to quantify the volume (erosion
vs. accretion) of a mid-channel bar with dunes by applying DEM of
Difference (DoD) maps on time series of bathymetric data. This required
sampling with ADCP transects during the months of: May 2016; November 2016
and April 2017. Each bathymetric transect was measured twice, 1 day apart
and on the same trajectory obtained by a GPS receptor. The spatial analysis
of these ADCP transects is presented as a novel tool in the acquisition of
time series of bathymetry for a relatively deep section (∼20 m) and under variable flow conditions.
Changes in soil erosion and sediment transport based on the RUSLE model in Zhifanggou watershed, China
Authors: Wang Lei , Qian Ju , Qi Wen-Yan , Li Sheng-Shuang , Chen Jian-Long
Published: April 2018

Abstract. In this paper, changes of sediment yield and sediment
transport were assessed using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation
(RUSLE) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). This model was based on
the integrated use of precipitation data, Landsat images in 2000, 2005 and
2010, terrain parameters (slope gradient and slope length) and soil
composition in Zhifanggou watershed, Gansu Province, Northwestern China. The
obtained results were basically consistent with the measured values. The
results showed that the mean modulus of soil erosion is 1224, 1118 and 875 t km−2 yr−1 and annual soil
loss is 23 130, 21 130 and 16 536 in 2000, 2005 and 2010 respectively. The
measured mean erosion modulus were 1581 and 1377 t km−2 yr−1, and the
measured annual soil loss were 29 872 and 26 022 t in 2000 and 2005. From
2000 to 2010, the amount of soil erosion was reduced yearly. Very low
erosion and low erosion dominated the soil loss status in the three periods,
and moderate erosion followed. The zones classified as very low erosion were
increasing, whereas the zones with low or moderate erosion were decreasing.
In 2010, no zones were classified as high or very high soil erosion.
Retos de la comunicación en Centroamérica. La transparencia en la producción de noticias en periódicos y medios de comunicación estatales
Authors: García Rodríguez Carlos
Published: April 2018

This article makes an approach to the process of news production in two national newspapers and state media of El Salvador, identifes how often they receive complaints, comments or questions from the audience, how they are organized to meet the same and establishes causes that do not have an ombudsman. It arises as a result of two investigations that have aimed to know the existence of transparency in news production, the first held in two printed newspapers, and the second in the state media in El Salvador. All addressed media have a hierarchy to decide what is published, do not promote the participation of their audiences, attend promptly to requests for correction or reply, although none have such a procedure in writing and do not have an ombudsman for economic reasons or lack of political will.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 149, 2017: 121-145
La expulsión de lo distinto, de Byung-Chul Han
Authors: Marroquín Amparo
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 149, 2017: 205-209
Enade-2001: ¿Un compromiso de todos?
Authors: Ibisate Francisco Javier
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 83, 2001: 569-591
La democracia como procedimiento y como régimen
Authors: Castoriadis Cornelius
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 83, 2001: 593-610
Ellacuría después de Ellacuría. El diálogo filosófico posterior a Ellacuría
Authors: López Barrientos Mario Estuardo , Villatoro Díaz Milton Vladimir
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 83, 2001: 707-733
Cinco cuentos inconclusos (más)
Authors: Andrade Guzmán José Luis
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 83, 2001: 781-784
El conflicto en la Costa Atlántica de Nicaragua en la década de los ochenta. Una perspectiva desde la Iglesia Morava
Authors: Epperlein Ulrich
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 83, 2001: 631-649
Doctorado Honoris Causa a Francisco Javier Ibisate, S.J. Un reconocimiento a su labor intelectual al servicio del pueblo salvadoreño
Authors: Editor El
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 84, 2001: 793-797
Eficacia de la política contra la pobreza en la UE. Evaluación con el "Fuzzy Pverty Indicator" (FPI)
Authors: Francisco J. Sánchez-Vellvé
Published: April 2018

En este trabajo se evalúa la consecución de los objetivos de pobreza de la Estrategia 2020. Para ello se construye, por primera vez para el conjunto de los Estados miembros de la UE, una medida alternativa de pobreza monetaria a partir de la metodología de los conjuntos difusos, que permite evitar algunos de los inconvenientes del indicador AROPE.

Los resultados con el Fuzzy Poverty Indicator (FPI) indican que la probabilidad de que un ciudadano sea pobre en la UE se ha incrementado ligeramente desde la puesta en marcha del programa en poco más de 20 puntos básicos. La UE no está consiguiendo los beneficios pretendidos y, además, da muestras de una importante ausencia de coordinación debida a la falta de homogeneidad en los objetivos y a un comportamiento dispar entre los Estados miembros.
Desarrollo del comportamiento proambiental en los individuos y sus determinantes
Authors: Pilar Rivera-Torres  , Concepción Garcés-Ayerbe
Published: April 2018

Este artículo analiza el comportamiento proambiental en individuos ofreciendo una clasificación del comportamiento según la diversidad/ intensidad de las acciones ambientales emprendidas, y explicando el desarrollo del comportamiento pro-ambiental y algunos de los factores que lo determinan. Mediante análisis cluster y modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, aplicado al Estudio 2837 del CIS, se obtiene una clasificación en cinco grupos de individuos que pone de manifiesto cómo se desarrolla el comportamiento pro-ambiental, desde niveles con poca intensidad en acciones medioambientales muy concretas (como el reciclado) hasta niveles de mayor implicación proambiental en un buen número de acciones proambientales.
Determining Optimal Interconnection Capacity on the Basis of Hourly Demand and Supply Functions of Electricity
Authors: Keppler Jan Horst , Meunier William
Published: April 2018

Interconnections for cross-border electricity trade improve price convergence and welfare. Increased production from variable renewables however implies higher levels of optimal interconnection capacity than in the past. Rather than using scenario building to determine new optimal levels of interconnection capacity, this paper presents a new methodology for Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) based on empirical market data, using the French-German electricity trade as an example. Employing a very fine dataset of hourly supply and demand curves (aggregated auction curves) from the EPEX Spot market, it constructs net export (NEC) and net import demand curves (NIDC) for both countries. This allows assessing hourly welfare impacts for incremental capacity and, summed over the year, the annual welfare benefits for each discrete increase in interconnection capacity. Confronting benefits with the annualised costs of increasing interconnection capacity determines the socially optimal increase in interconnection capacity between France and Germany on the basis of empirical market micro-data.
Prof. Eugeniusz Piasecki’s Contribution to the Development of Polish Physiotherapy
Authors: Łuczak Maciej , Jandziś Sławomir , Puszczałowska-Lizis Ewa
Published: April 2018

Based on source materials, this article presents the activity of Prof. Eugeniusz Piasecki towards the development of physiotherapy in Poland. After completing his studies at the Faculty of Medicine of Jagiellonian University and a pedagogical course in physical education for gymnastics teachers at secondary schools and teacher training centres, he went to Vienna to deepen his knowledge of medical gymnastics and hydrotherapy. During a scientific trip to Sweden, he became acquainted with Pehr Henrique Ling’s method. In the years 1900-1916, E. Piasecki ran a healing gymnastics, orthopaedics and massage facility in Lviv. He was also active in the „Sokol” Gymnastic Society and worked in the gymnasiums owned by his father Wenanty Piasecki in Cracow and Zakopane. At the University of Lviv he taught school hygiene, theory of physical education as well as conducting research and teaching in the physiology of exercise. There he also obtained his habilitation in 1909. His overarching objective was to eliminate German gymnastics, which he considered harmful, from schools in Galicia. Instead, he advocated Swedish gymnastics, based on scientific evidence and anatomo-physiological analysis of each movement. His research focused, among others, on the effect of various physical exercises on the cardio­respiratory and osteo-articular systems in children. The results of E. Piasecki’s studies were the basis for a critical evalu­ation of the irrational strength exercises of German gymnastics. He endeavoured to promote physical education as much as possible, adapting it to the specific needs of schools, hospitals and spas. As head of the Department of Theory of Physical Education and School Hygiene (since 1919) and then the Institute of Physical Education (since 1924) at Poznan University, together with Prof. Ireneusz Wierzejewski, Dr Wiktor Dega,Ph.D., and Dr Franciszek Raszej, Ph.D., he laid the foundations of rehabilitation in Poland. Thanks to him, the Poznan centre carried out research in medical gymnastics and massage, preparing specialists in the area of corrective exercises and, later, physiotherapy in Poland.
A Software Assurance Reference Dataset: Thousands of Programs With Known Bugs
Authors: Black Paul E.
Published: April 2018

The Software Assurance Reference Dataset (SARD) is a growing collection of over
170 000 programs with precisely located bugs. The programs are in C, C++, Java, PHP, and
C# and cover more than 150 classes of weaknesses, such as SQL injection, cross-site
scripting (XSS), buffer overflow, and use of a broken cryptographic algorithm. Most are
automatically generated synthetic programs, each a few pages of code long, but there are
also over 7000 full-sized applications. In addition, SARD has production code and has
hundreds of cases written by hand. The code is typical quality. It is neither pristine
nor obfuscated. Many cases have corresponding “good” cases, in which weaknesses are
fixed, to test for false positives.
Identifying conservation priorities and management strategies based on ecosystem services to improve urban sustainability in Harbin, China
Authors: Qu Yi , Lu Ming
Published: April 2018

Rapid urbanization and agricultural development has resulted in the degradation of ecosystems, while also negatively impacting ecosystem services (ES) and urban sustainability. Identifying conservation priorities for ES and applying reasonable management strategies have been found to be effective methods for mitigating this phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to propose a comprehensive framework for identifying ES conservation priorities and associated management strategies for these planning areas. First, we incorporated 10 ES indicators within a systematic conservation planning (SCP) methodology in order to identify ES conservation priorities with high irreplaceability values based on conservation target goals associated with the potential distribution of ES indicators. Next, we assessed the efficiency of the ES conservation priorities for meeting the designated conservation target goals. Finally, ES conservation priorities were clustered into groups using a K-means clustering analysis in an effort to identify the dominant ES per location before formulating management strategies. We effectively identified 12 ES priorities to best represent conservation target goals for the ES indicators. These 12 priorities had a total areal coverage of 13,364 km2 representing 25.16% of the study area. The 12 priorities were further clustered into five significantly different groups (p-values between groups < 0.05), which helped to refine management strategies formulated to best enhance ES across the study area. The proposed method allows conservation and management plans to easily adapt to a wide variety of quantitative ES target goals within urban and agricultural areas, thereby preventing urban and agriculture sprawl and guiding sustainable urban development.
A new lineage of Cretaceous jewel wasps (Chalcidoidea: Diversinitidae)
Authors: Haas Michael , Burks Roger A. , Krogmann Lars
Published: April 2018

Jewel wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) are extremely species-rich today, but have a sparse fossil record from the Cretaceous, the period of their early diversification. Three genera and three species,Diversinitus attenboroughigen. & sp. n., Burminata caputaeriagen. & sp. n. andGlabiala barbatagen. & sp. n. are described in the family Diversinitidae fam. n., from Lower Cretaceous Burmese amber. Placement in Chalcidoidea is supported by the presence of multiporous plate sensilla on the antennal flagellum and a laterally exposed prepectus. The new taxa can be excluded from all extant family level chalcidoid lineages by the presence of multiporous plate sensilla on the first flagellomere in both sexes and lack of any synapomorphies. Accordingly, a new family is proposed for the fossils and its probable phylogenetic position within Chalcidoidea is discussed. Morphological cladistic analyses of the new fossils within the Heraty et al. (2013) dataset did not resolve the phylogenetic placement of Diversinitidae, but indicated its monophyly. Phylogenetically relevant morphological characters of the new fossils are discussed with reference to Cretaceous and extant chalcidoid taxa. Along with mymarid fossils and a few species of uncertain phylogenetic placement, the newly described members of Diversinitidae are among the earliest known chalcidoids and advance our knowledge of their Cretaceous diversity.
ДЕНДРИТНЫЕ ПОЛИЭЛЕКТРОЛИТНЫЕ ЩЕТКИ1, "Высокомолекулярные соединения. Серия С"
Authors: Жулина E. Б. , Борисов О.В.
Published: April 2018

Рассмотрено современное состояние теории щеток, образованных дендритно-разветвленными заряженными макромолекулами, прикрепленными корневым сегментом к плоской поверхности и погруженными в полярный растворитель (воду). Теория позволяет раскрыть наиболее специфические свойства таких щеток, связанные с разветвленной архитектурой составляющих их макромолекул, и систематически сравнить их со свойствами щеток, образованных линейными полиэлектролитными цепями. Благодаря своим особым свойствам дендритные полиэлектролитные щетки являются перспективными для создания “умных” функциональных полимерных материалов.
Câncer de mama triplo negativo e sua associação com ancestralidade africana
Authors: Corrêa Paula Brito , Toralles Maria Bethânia Pereira , Abe-Sandes Kiyoko , Machado Taisa Manuela Bonfim , Bonfim Thaís Ferreira , Meyer Lorena , Abe-Sandes Camila , Nascimento Ivana
Published: April 2018

Câncer de mama triplo-negativo (TN) é um termo recente e refere-se a tumores que, quando analisados por imunohistoquímica, não expressam receptores de estrógeno, progesterona e HER2 (receptor do fator de crescimento epidérmico). O  fenótipo triplo-negativo possui características patológicas e clínicas bastante diferentes dos demais subtipos de câncer de mama. Estes tumores afetam mais frequentemente mulheres com menos de 50 anos, que possuem comportamento mais agressivo, apresentam resposta pobre aos protocolos de tratamento existentes e são mais prevalentes entre as afrodescendentes (AD). O objetivo deste estudo foi fazer uma associação fenotípica entre ancestralidade africana e câncer de mama triplo-negativo. Foram analisados 70 prontuários de pacientes encaminhados ao Ambulatório de  Oncogenética do Complexo do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgar Santos da Universidade Federal da Bahia, dos  quais 14,2% apresentaram o fenótipo TN. No fenótipo triplo-negativo, as afrodescendentes apresentaram frequência maior, 10%, quando comparadas com mulheres do grupo racial branco. Estudos moleculares são necessários para explicar essas diferenças raciais. Tais associações podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma nova estratégia terapêutica em mulheres AD com esse fenótipo.
Avanços e aplicações da bioengenharia tecidual
Authors: Oliveira Conceição Silva , Nascimento Marion , De Almeida Junior Erasmo , Crusoé Mady , Bahia Poliana , Rosa Fabiana Paim
Published: April 2018

A bioengenharia compila conhecimentos de grandes áreas da ciência, como a biologia e a engenharia, que são aplicados 

atualmente na medicina reparadora. Recentes avanços na área da engenharia tecidual possibilitaram o desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento de novos biomateriais. Estes devem estimular a adesão, diferenciação e proliferação celular, e ainda promover a produção de moléculas específicas do tecido-alvo. As células usadas na terapia podem ser mesenquimais de medula óssea, células adultas específicas do próprio paciente e também as células-tronco embrionárias, as quais têm capacidade de se diferenciar em múltiplas linhagens in vitro. As células-tronco têm sido empregadas em diversas áreas da saúde. Células mesenquimais e polpa dental são fontes de células-tronco que podem se diferenciar em fibroblastos, cementoblastos e osteoblastos. Para que ocorra tal diferenciação, são necessários alguns sinais para direcionar as etapas do desenvolvimento e da regeneração tecidual. Um dos grandes desafios da engenharia tecidual é desvendar esses sinais e etapas para tentar entender as sinalizações necessárias à reprodução do tecido. Os avanços das pesquisas com células-tronco e a bioengenharia tecidual

abrem oportunidades para desenvolver novas terapias, como a terapia gênica e os estudos relacionados com a angiogênese. Hoje em dia, sabe-se que as células-tronco adultas estão presentes nos vasos sanguíneos, no pâncreas, no fígado, no cérebro, na polpa dentária, entre outros tecidos, mas são as células da medula óssea as mais estudadas no contexto de muitas doenças, especialmente as cardiovasculares. Depois das células-tronco embrionárias, o tratamento biológico mais questionado é a terapia gênica. Para corrigir defeitos genéticos, é preciso inserir genes na célula que, na maioria das vezes, são introduzidos por meio de vírus. Este artigo tem como escopo abordar a atuação das células-tronco, a angiogênese, a terapia gênica na bioengenharia tecidual e a interação celular associada aos biomateriais.
Preliminary Results From the Latin American Giant Observatory Space Weather Simulation Chain
Authors: Asorey Hernan , Núñez Luis A. , Suárez‐Durán Mauricio
Published: April 2018

The Space Weather program of the Latin American Giant Observatory (LAGO) Collaboration was designed to study the variation of the flux of atmospheric secondary particles at ground level produced during the interaction of cosmic rays with the air. This work complements and expands the inference capabilities of the LAGO detection network to identify the influence of solar activity on the particle flux, at places having different geomagnetic rigidity cut‐offs and atmospheric depths. This program is developed through a series of Monte Carlo sequential simulations to compute the intensity spectrum of the various components of the radiation field on the ground. A key feature of these calculations is that we performed detailed radiation transport computations as a function of incident direction, time, altitude, and latitude and longitude. Magnetic rigidity calculations and corrections for geomagnetic field activity are established by using the MAGNETOCOSMICS code, and the estimation of the flux of secondaries at ground level is implemented by using the CORSIKA code; thus, we can examine the local peculiarities in the penumbral regions with a more realistic description of the atmospheric and geomagnetic response in these complex regions of the rigidity space. As an example of our calculation scheme, we report some result on the flux at ground level for two LAGO locations: Bucaramanga, Colombia, and San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina, for the geomagnetically active period of May 2005.
Fatal chlorine gas exposure at a metal recycling facility: Case report
Authors: Harvey Robert R. , Boylstein Randy , McCullough Joel , Shumate Alice , Yeoman Kristin , Bailey Rachel L. , Cummings Kristin J.
Published: April 2018

At least four workers at a metal recycling facility were hospitalized and one died after exposure to chlorine gas when it was accidentally released from an intact, closed‐valved cylinder being processed for scrap metal. This unintentional chlorine gas release marks at least the third such incident at a metal recycling facility in the United States since 2010. We describe the fatal case of the worker whose clinical course was consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following exposure to high concentrations of chlorine gas. This case report emphasizes the potential risk of chlorine gas exposure to metal recycling workers by accepting and processing intact, closed‐valved containers. The metal recycling industry should take steps to increase awareness of this established risk to prevent future chlorine gas releases. Additionally, public health practitioners and clinicians should be aware that metal recycling workers are at risk for chlorine gas exposure.
Perioperative analgesia for patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery: an evidence‐based review
Authors: Svider Peter F. , Nguyen Brandon , Yuhan Brian , Zuliani Giancarlo , Eloy Jean Anderson , Folbe Adam J.
Published: April 2018

Background

Misuse and diversion of prescription opioids have been critical in facilitating the opioid epidemic. Our objective was to perform a systematic evidence‐based review delineating perioperative regimens (including opioid alternatives) evaluated for endoscopic sinus surgery.

Methods

PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EmBase databases were evaluated for studies detailing analgesics employed after endoscopic sinus surgery. Studies were assessed for level of evidence. Bias risk was evaluated using the Cochrane Bias tool and GRADE criteria. Medication, administration, adverse effects, pain scores, and rescue analgesic consumption were evaluated. A summary of evidence detailing benefits, harm, and cost was prepared.

Results

Thirty‐two studies encompassing 1812 patients were included. The GRADE criteria determined the overall evidence to be of moderate quality. Perioperative acetaminophen had few adverse events and reduced immediate need for opioid rescue after sinus surgery; studies evaluating acetaminophen demonstrate a preponderance of benefit over harm. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) also reduce postoperative opioid consumption, although a small portion of patients undergoing sinus surgery harbor the potential for NSAID intolerance. The aggregate level of evidence for studies evaluating NSAIDs was grade A, whereas the aggregate grade of evidence for several other agents was grade B.

Conclusion

There is evidence supporting the use of NSAIDs and gabapentin for the control of pain after endoscopic sinus surgery. Acetaminophen, α‐agonists, and local anesthetics are also viable options for postoperative analgesia. Familiarity with these data is essential to facilitate the use of opioid alternatives. Further large‐scale, multi‐institutional, randomized trials are needed to provide conclusive recommendations for these perioperative analgesics.
Complexing DNA Origami Frameworks through Sequential Self‐Assembly Based on Directed Docking
Authors: Suzuki Yuki , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Endo Masayuki
Published: April 2018

Ordered DNA origami arrays have the potential to compartmentalize space into distinct periodic domains that can incorporate a variety of nanoscale objects. Herein, we used the cavities of a preassembled 2D DNA origami framework to incorporate square‐shaped DNA origami structures (SQ‐origamis). The framework was self‐assembled on a lipid bilayer membrane from cross‐shaped DNA origami structures (CR‐origamis) and subsequently exposed to the SQ‐origamis. High‐speed AFM revealed the dynamic adsorption/desorption behavior of the SQ‐origamis, which resulted in continuous changing of their arrangements in the framework. These dynamic SQ‐origamis were trapped in the cavities by increasing the Mg2+ concentration or by introducing sticky‐ended cohesions between extended staples, both from the SQ‐ and CR‐origamis, which enabled the directed docking of the SQ‐origamis. Our study offers a platform to create supramolecular structures or systems consisting of multiple DNA origami components.
Reactions of Fluoroalkenes with an Aluminium(I) Complex
Authors: Bakewell Clare , White Andrew J. P. , Crimmin Mark R.
Published: April 2018

A series of industrially relevant fluoroalkenes react with a monomeric AlI complex. These reactions break strong sp2 and sp3 C−F bonds, and result in the formation of a diverse array of organoaluminium compounds. Mechanistic studies show that two mechanisms are likely in operation: 1) direct oxidative addition of the C−F bond to AlI occurs with retention of alkene stereochemistry, and 2) stepwise formation and decomposition of a metallocyclopropane intermediate occurs with inversion of alkene stereochemistry. As part of this mechanistic analysis, we have isolated the first aluminium metallocyclopropane complex from oxidative addition of an alkene to AlI. Remarkably this reaction is reversible and reductive elimination of the alkene occurs at higher temperature reforming AlI. Furthermore, in selected cases the organoaluminium products are susceptible toward β‐fluoride elimination to yield a double C−F activation pathway.
Kinetische Racematspaltung α‐hydroxysubstituierter Oximether durch enantioselektive Cu‐H‐katalysierte Si‐O‐Kupplung
Authors: Dong Xichang , Kita Yuji , Oestreich Martin
Published: April 2018

Es wird über eine katalysatorkontrollierte, enantioselektive Alkoholsilylierung durch Cu‐H‐katalysierte dehydrierende Si‐O‐Kupplung von zu Oximethern α‐ständigen Hydroxygruppen und einfachen Hydrosilanen berichtet. Die in dieser kinetischen Racematspaltung erreichten Selektivitätsfaktoren sind gemeinhin hoch (s≈50), wodurch ein verlässlicher Zugang zu hoch enantiomerenangereicherten α‐hydroxysubstituierten Oximethern bereitgestellt wird. Deren Nutzen für die Synthese wird ebenfalls aufgezeigt.
Stabilisierung von Lewis‐azidem AuF3 mithilfe eines N‐heterocyclischen Carbens: Herstellung und Charakterisierung von [AuF3(SIMes)]
Authors: Ellwanger Mathias A. , Steinhauer Simon , Golz Paul , Braun Thomas , Riedel Sebastian
Published: April 2018

Zwei unterschiedliche Reaktionspfade zum Trifluoridoorganogold(III)‐Komplex [AuF3(SIMes)] werden beschrieben. Die Verbindung enthält das N‐heterocyclische Carben SIMes (1,3‐Bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐4,5‐dihydroimidazol‐2‐yliden) als Ligand an einer molekularen, Lewis‐aziden AuF3‐Einheit und wurde sowohl durch NMR‐Spektroskopie als auch mittels Röntgenstrukturanalyse charakterisiert. Außer der Verwendung eines [AuF4]−‐Salzes als Vorstufe ist auch der direkte Einsatz der stark oxidierenden Verbindung AuF3 möglich. Die Reaktion läuft sogar in organischen Lösungsmitteln in Gegenwart von freiem SIMes als Ligandenvorstufe ab. Hierbei können Zersetzungsreaktionen mit dem Lösungsmittel verhindert werden.