bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of ROX Index in the first assessment of COVID-19 patients in the Emergency Department
Authors: Gianstefani Alice , Farina Gabriele , Salvatore Veronica , Alvau Francesca , Artesiani Maria Laura , Bonfatti Sara , Campinoti Francesca , Caramella Ilaria , Ciordinik Michele , Lorusso Andrea , Nanni Sara , Nizza Daniela , Nava Stefano , Giostra Fabrizio
Published: November 2020

Background: In Italy, since the first symptomatic cases of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appeared in late February 2020, 205.463 cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were reported as of April 30, causing an high rate of hospital admission through the Emergency Department (ED).Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of ROX index in predicting hospitalization and mortality in patients with suspected diagnosis of COVID-19 in the ED. Secondary outcomes were to assess the number of readmissions and the variations of ROX index between first and second admission.Methods: This is an observational prospective monocentric study, conducted in the ED of Policlinico Sant’Orsola-Malpighi in Bologna. We enrolled 1371 consecutive patients with suspected COVID-19 and ROX index was calculated in 554 patients. Patients were followed until hospital discharge or death. Results: ROX index value < 25.7 was associated with hospitalization (AUC=0.737, 95%CI 0.696–0.779, p<0.001). ROX index < 22.3 is statistically related with higher 30-days mortality (AUC= 0.764, 95%CI 0.708-0.820, p<0.001). 8 patients were discharged and returned in the ED within the following 7 days, their mean ROX index was 30.3 (6.2; range 21.9-39.4) at the first assessment and 24.6 (5.5; 14.5-29.5) at the second assessment, (p=0.012).Conclusion: ROX index, together with laboratory, imaging and clinical findings, can help discriminate patients suspected for COVID-19 requiring hospital admission, their clinical severity and their mortality risk. Furthermore, it can be useful to better manage these patients in territorial healthcare services, especially in the hypothesis of another pandemic.
Liver bacterial dysbiosis occurs in SIV-infected macaques and persists during antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Fisher Bridget S , Fancher Katherine A , Gustin Andrew T , Fisher Cole , Wood Matthew P , Derby Nina , Gale Michael , Burwitz Benjamin J , Smedley Jeremy , Klatt Nichole R , Sodora Donald L
Published: November 2020

Background: Liver disease remains a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected individuals, even during successful treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). In non-human primates, SIV infection is associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis as well as bacterial translocation into the colonic lamina propria and liver via the portal vein. Here the liver microbiome was evaluated in rhesus macaques to discern the influence of SIV infection alone (SIV+) and during cART administration (SIV+cART) on liver bacterial dysbiosis and neutrophil infiltration.Results: Dysbiosis in liver bacterial composition was observed, encompassing changes in a number of genera, during SIV infection in the absence and presence of cART. The most striking finding was an increase in the level of Mycobacterium, which while barely detectable in the uninfected macaques, was the most abundant genus observed in the livers of a majority SIV+ and SIV+cART macaques. Multi-gene sequencing analyses identified a species of environmental mycobacteria similar to the opportunistic pathogen M. smegmatis. The effect of M. smegmatis on host gene expression in primary hepatocytes was evaluated in vitro utilizing PILAM, a glycolipid cell wall component found in atypical Mycobacteria. PILAM induced an upregulation of inflammatory responses, including an increase in the chemokines associated with neutrophil chemotaxis (CXCL1, CXCL5, and CXCL6). Assessment of the macaque livers by microscopy determined that neutrophil levels were reduced in SIV+cART macaques, suggesting that the SIV infection and/or cART treatment influence the liver-associated neutrophil response. Conclusions: A number of liver bacteria genera were altered following SIV infection even in the context of cART, possibly as a consequence of reduced neutrophil recruitment. Mycobacteria became a major component of the SIV infected macaque liver microbiome, raising the possibility that bacteria of this genus might contribute to liver disease in HIV infected patients.
Research and Analysis of the Effect of Refined Nursing Intervention on COVID-19 Epidemic in Hemodialysis Center Runing Title:Effect of Refined Nursing Intervention on COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Zhang Qinglai , Wang Shuo , Zhang Yue , Meng Fei
Published: November 2020

Background To analyze and discuss the effect of clinical refined nursing intervention on maintenance hemodialysis patients during the outbreak of COVID-19.Methods The Symptom Checklist90 (SCL‑90) was used to conduct nursing interventions before, during and after dialysis for maintenance hemodialysis patients, and the results were compared with the Chinese adult SCL‑90 norm.Results The scores of all factors of SCL-90 in maintenance hemodialysis patients are all higher than normal Chinese SCL-90, and patients with a single factor score greater than or equal to 2 have a higher proportion of depression and anxiety, with extremely significant difference (P < 0.01). The depression and anxiety of the patients were reduced after the intervention, and there was a statistical difference. Two nucleic acid test results of 172 patients were negative.Conclusion During the COVID-19 epidemic, providing maintenance hemodialysis patients with refined nursing intervention can improve their health behavior compliance, regulate negative emotions, reduce related complications, improve their quality of life, and improve the nurse-patient relationship. At the same time, it can fundamentally control the occurrence of nursing errors and adverse events, with outstanding clinical application value.
Report of “Satisfaction” survey amongst Public Health Services Nurses in Port Said.
Authors: Bellizzi Saverio , Padrini Susanna
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of evidence regarding nurses’ experience in different areas of Egypt. A previous pilot unpublished study conducted in the Port Said Technical Nursing Institute, and based on 36 participants, showed almost half of nurses satisfied with their job, as well as salary and work-load as main reason for dissatisfaction as the main problems. We explored job satisfaction of nurses working in public health services of the Port Said Governorate and inform future healthcare provision and policy.METHODS: A Cross sectional study including nurses of different Units was conducted. Questionnaires were delivered in a sample of primary health care facilities as well as in the Governorate Public Hospital. Following literature review eight components were identified as contributors to job satisfaction; two closed questions for each of the eight components and two open questions were developed for a total of 18 questions.RESULTS: The final under-study population consisted of 285 individuals. Almost 40% of the participants at the study felt safe in its clinical environment while around 10% completely disagree on this. Almost 70% of participants reported agreement on high work load because of shortage of colleagues in the respective clinical area while almost 60% disagree on the fact they were not able to give proper care because of workload. Almost 85% of nurse under-study reported that salary did not cover their living cost and only 13% of them believed they earned a fair salary. Almost 60% agree on the fact that they have regular opportunities to develop in their career.CONCLUSION: Increasing job satisfaction among nurses in Egypt is critical to ensure quality of care for patients and aspect like salary, rewarding by coordinators and cooperation with colleagues deserve attention.
Can Physical exercise be an effective adjuvant before the potential COVID-19 vaccine? Insights from serological responses and severity of re-infected cases 
Authors: AbdelMassih Antoine , Menshawey Rahma , Hozaien Rafeef , Kamel Aya , Mishriky Fady , Nathan Lauren , Yacoub Elaria , Hanoura Aia Mohamed , AlShehry Nada , Menshawey Esraa , El-Husseiny Nadine , Yasser Reem , Arsanyous Mariem , Husseiny Reem J. , Seyam Mahmoud , Massoud Doaa , Ali Nada , Kassim Assem , AmanAllah Mostafa , Elsayed Rokaya , Sheashaa Hesham , Husseiny Yousef , Hassan Nourhan , Badr Kirollos , Elkhateb Amr , Fouad Verina , Elfishawy Mayada , Medhat Omar , Mustafa Mai , Khalil Noha , Elsayed Rawan , Nada Youssef , Elshawarbi Passant , Abdelmoneim Noha , Hassan Nada , Messiha Mariam , Ghazy Marihan , Abdelfatah Emmy , Nasry Febronia , Gayed Ramy , Eesa Marian , Luis Merna , Eskandar Estfana , Yacoub Shenoda , Rajab Maram , Abdelaziz Mariam , Elgamal Nadine , Jaber Hutaf , Tayssir Sara , Michael Mark , Sabry Ahmed , Shehata Joseph , Abdelaziz Rania , Rateb Sherry , El-Maghraby Ahmed , Mahjoub Yara , Amr Alaa , Amin Amin , Kelada Peter , Saud Alaa , Ragab Shahd , Eltaher Basant , Galal Rahma Hassan , Aly Omnya Mahmoud , Aly Taquwa , AbdelHaleem Rana , ElShaarawy Areeg , Mohamed Omnia
Published: November 2020

Background:As more than 37 million confirmed cases and 1 million deaths worldwide from COVID-19, we flied to think about supporting immunity, So, there are more than 150 coronavirus vaccines and clinical trials are being developed. The success of those vaccines depends mainly on immunologic memory. People who are at high risk of re-infection with COVID-19 don’t show any evidence of having B-cell memory. 10-20% of infected patients don’t develop antibody response. randomized controlled trials and cross-sectional studies proved variant results about the effect of chronic exercise on vaccination function.The aim of this review is to suggest that exercise is an important adjuvant strategy for prevention of re-infection and for development of better protective responses following vaccination.Methods:Embase, Medline and the Cochrane Central Register were used to search for specific keywords such as “COVID-19” OR “SARS-CoV-2” AND “Re-infection” for relevant publications up to 1st of Nov. 2020. The systematic review was performed using PRISMA protocol. Results:According to inclusion criteria, 6 case reports from search and one case from a press conference were identified. The average age of re-infected patients was 36 years. The average intervening period between initial infection and reinfection was 105 days. 75% of cases who have been tested for antibodies after 1st infection were negative, and turned seropositive after second infection. 57% of cases developing re-infection had worse clinical manifestation.Conclusion:Regular moderate intensity exercise not only can enhance the secondary antibody response of B cell memory but also decrease the severity of re-infection and the adverse reactogenicity of potential vaccines under development.
Incidence of COVID-19 among people living with HIV in Southern Spain
Authors: Fernandez-Fuertes Marta , Rodriguez-Pineda Elena , Fuentes-Lopez Ana , Corma-Gomez Anaïs , Rincon Pilar , Serrano-Conde Esther , Real Luis M , Garcia Federico , Macias Juan , Pineda Juan A
Published: November 2020

Objective and Design: The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV (PLWH) has been estimated on the basis of reported symptomatic clinical cases. However, as asymptomatic cases are common and there have been limitations of health care systems for COVID-19 microbiological diagnosis, these estimations may be misleading. The availability of reliable serology for the diagnosis of COVID-19 may overcome this drawback. This study was carried out in order to reveal the actual incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in PLWH in Southern Spain.Methods: This is a prospective cohort study including HIV infected patients from the Unit of Infectious Diseases of a university hospital in Seville, Southern Spain. Patients were enrolled in the study if 1) they had attended the outpatient clinic from September 1st to December 31st, 2019 (baseline), and 2) had a subsequent evaluation from March 1st to June 30th, 2020 (intra-pandemic). Serum antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were determined in baseline and intra-pandemic samples.Results: 326 patients were included in the study. Of them, 4 (1.25% [95% CI: 0.3%-3.1%]) developed COVID-19. One patient developed bilateral pneumonia and died. The remaining three showed mild respiratory symptoms suggesting COVID-19. No asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was observed in this study. No patient with COVID-19 was tobacco smoker. The incidence of COVID-19 among non-smokers was 2.5% (95% CI [0.6%-6%], p=0.057 versus smokers).Conclusions: The incidence of COVID-19 among PLWH in our area was low and similar to that observed in the general population. The frequency of asymptomatic cases might be lower than in patients without HIV infection. Tobacco smoking could be associated to a lower incidence of COVID-19.
FOUR score versus GCS in patients with traumatic brain injury in the prehospital setting
Authors: Furman Matej Rubelli , Gorenjak Mario , Ravnik Janez
Published: November 2020

Background: In the last few decades, different coma scoring scales have been proposed. The purpose of this study is to compare two coma scales: the GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) and the FOUR score (Full Outline of UnResponsiveness score), aiming to examine which scale is better for predicting outcome in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in the prehospital setting.Methods: We evaluated the GCS and FOUR scores in the prehospital setting at three different prehospital timepoints, and we reassessed the scores in surviving patients 24 hours, one month and three months after the injury. Then, we compared the outcomes.We used the χ² method, and based on the analysis with the best cut-off point for each model, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity and correct prediction of outcomes with four severity scores. The Youden index, Z score, McNemar's test and ROC curve were also assessed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Both scales were ranked with gain ratios.Results: We included 200 TBI patients who were treated in a prehospital setting by a prehospital specialized medical unit. In terms of the predictions of positive outcomes, our study showed the following:1. Twenty-four hours after the injury, the best cut-off points obtained were from the FOUR 1 and GCS 1 models.2. One month after the injury, the best cut-off points obtained were from the following models: FOUR 2 and GCS 3 as well as FOUR 3 and GCS 3.3. Three months after the injury, the best cut-off points obtained were from the following models: FOUR 2 and GCS 1, FOUR 3 and GCS 1, and GCS 1 and GCS 2.Conclusions: In our study, the results of our research confirm that there are no practical or clinical differences between the GCS and FOUR scores in terms of predicting morality outcomes 24 hours, one month, and three months after injury. No statistically significant differences were found in the Youden index or the area under the ROC curve 24 hours, one month or three months after the injury.
Efficacy of the Manchester Short Splint versus traditional dorsal splint for rehabilitation of Zone II flexor tendon repairs: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lees Vivien , O'Brien Denise , Redvers-Chubb Karen
Published: November 2020

Background: A previously reported audit of use of the Manchester Short Splint versus the traditional long dorsal forearm splint for rehabilitation of zone II flexor tendon repairs suggested that patient outcomes were enhanced by use of the short splint. Specifically, there was less flexion contracture at the proximal interphalangeal joints at 6 and 12 weeks with greater final range of motion (Strickland assessment). Importantly, there was no evidence of excess tendon ruptures complicating use of the short splint.Methods: The present study is designed as a single-centre randomized controlled trial to compare the two splints [Clinical Evidence Level 2 as patient and treating therapists are aware of which splint is in use]. The study is framed to demonstrate superiority of the short splint intervention over the long splint. Surgery is standardized with respect to the type of repair used. Inclusion criteria for the trial include single finger flexor tendon injury of zone II with up to one but not two simultaneous digital nerve injuries operated on within 4 days of the injury date. Exclusions include children, more complex injuries, those unable to give consent or otherwise co-operate with the trial protocol. Patients are recruited at their first hand therapy visit having been provided with information about the trial by one of the Site Investigators during their hospital admission. The consenting patient is randomized into one of two splint groups. Assessments at 6 and 12 weeks include range of interphalangeal joint motion (TAM), patient reported outcomes (PEM, Quick Dash, pain scales) and grip strength (12 weeks only). Adverse events related and unrelated are documented in line with GCP protocols and patients managed according to clinical indications.Discussion: The present study aims to determine the efficacy of the short splint versus the traditional splint in rehabilitation of Zone II flexor tendon repair. Previous work was in the form of an audit and it is clearly desirable that a more rigorous study is undertaken to address the efficacy or otherwise of the short splint in the context of a clinical trial and to inform development of a multi-centre study.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0385021021.2.19 Retrospectively registeredhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=&term=NCT03850210&cntry=&state=&city=&dist= See website for WHO Trial Registration Data SetTrial Status: Recruitment of first patient 31.3.15. Recruitment completed 6.4.20 subsequent to first submission of manuscript 3.4.20. Study is ongoing for subsequent patient review and measurements as protocol for the subsequent 12 week period and will conclude 29.6.20.
Women's empowerment for abortion and family planning decision making among marginalized women in Nepal: a mixed method study
Authors: KC Heera , Shrestha Mangala , Pokharel Nirmala , Niraula Surya Raj , Pyakurel Prajjwal , Parajuli Surya Bahadur
Published: November 2020

Background: Women’s empowerment is multidimensional. Women’s education, employment, income, reproductive healthcare decision making, household level decision making and social status are vital for women’s empowerment. Nepal is committed to achieving women empowerment and gender equality, which directly affects the reproductive health issues. This can only be achieved by addressing the issues of the poor and marginalized communities. In this context, we aimed to find the association of women’s empowerment with abortion and family planning decision making among marginalized women in Nepal. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at selected municipalities of Morang district of Nepal from February 2017 to March 2018. A mixed method approach was used, where 316 married marginalized women of reproductive age (15-49 years) and 15 key informant interviews from representative healthcare providers and local leaders were taken. From key informants, data were analysed using the thematic framework method. Findings obtained from two separate analyses were drawn together and meta inferences were made. Results: Women’s empowerment was above average, at 50.6%. Current use of modern contraceptives were more among below average empowerment groups (p 0.041, OR 0.593 C.I. 0.36-0.98). We could not find any statistically significant differences among levels of women’s empowerment, including those women with abortion knowledge (p 0.549); family planning knowledge (p 0.495) and women’s decision for future use of modern contraceptives (p 0.977). Most key informants reported that unsafe abortion was practiced. Conclusions: Women’s empowerment has no direct role for family planning and abortion decision making at marginalized communities of Morang district of Nepal. However, different governmental and non-governmental organizations influence woman for seeking health care services and family planning in rural community of Nepal irrespective of empowerment status.
A multidisciplinary approach to identify priority areas for the conservation of a vulnerable family of fishes in Spanish Marine National Parks
Authors: Oliver Miquel Planas , Piñeiro-Corbeira Cristina , Bouza Carmen , Castejón-Silvo Inés , Vera Manuel , Regueira Marcos , Ochoa Verónica , Bárbara Ignacio , Terrados Jorge , Chamorro Alexandro , Barreiro Rodolfo , Hernández-Urcera Jorge , Alejo Irene , Nombela Miguel , García Manuel Enrique , Pardo Belén G. , Peña Viviana , Díaz Pilar , Cremades Javier , Morales-Nin Beatriz
Published: November 2020

Background: Syngnathid fishes (Actinopterygii, Syngnathidae) are flagship species strongly associated with seaweed and seagrass habitats. Seahorses and pipefishes are highly vulnerable to anthropogenic and environmental disturbances, but most species are currently Data Deficient according to the IUCN (IUCN, 2019), requiring more biological and ecological research. This study provides the first insights into syngnathid populations in the two marine Spanish National Parks (PNIA –Atlantic- and PNAC –Mediterranean). Fishes were collected periodically, marked, morphologically identified, analysed for size, weight, sex and sexual maturity, and sampled for stable isotope and genetic identification. Due the scarcity of previous information, habitat characteristics were also assessed in PNIA. Results: Syngnathid diversity and abundance were low, with two species identified in PNIA (Hippocampus guttulatus and Syngnathus acus) and four in PNAC (S. abaster, S. acus, S. typhle and Nerophis maculatus). Syngnathids from both National Parks (NP) differed isotopically, with much lower δ15N in PNAC than in PNIA. The dominant species were S. abaster in PNAC and S. acus in PNIA. Syngnathids preferred less exposed sites in macroalgal assemblages in PNIA and Cymodocea meadows in PNAC. The occurrence of very large specimens, the absence of small-medium sizes and the isotopic comparison with a nearby population suggest that the population of Syngnathus acus (the dominant syngnathid in PNIA) mainly comprised breeders that migrate seasonally. Novel 16S rDNA haplotypes and sequence variants were detected for H. guttulatus, N. maculatus, S. acus, and S. abaster. Our data suggest the presence of a cryptic Syngnathus species in PNAC. Conclusions: This is the first multidisciplinary approach to the study of syngnathids in Spanish marine NPs. Habitat preferences and population characteristics in both NPs differed. Further studies are needed to assess potential species misidentifications of genus Syngnathus in PNAC, and migratory events in PNIA. We propose several preferential sites in both NPs for future monitoring of syngnathid populations and some recommendations for their conservation.
The Efficacy and Safety of Utilizing Mobile Phone–Based Programs and Motion-Capture Devices for Telerehabilitation After Arthroscopic Repair of Rotator Cuff Tear: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Yuanhao , Hou Jingyi , Li Fangqi , Zhang Congda , Yang Yaping , Long Yi , Tang Yiyong , Yang Rui
Published: November 2020

Background: Rotator cuff tear is one of the most common diseases in orthopedics, which seriously affects the quality of patients’ lives. And the arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff has recently become more and more popular. Systematic rehabilitation makes great significance for improving the prognosis of postoperative patients. Yet, the traditional outpatient rehabilitation is hard to popularize in developing countries like China due to the limitation of traffic and geography. Given this, we plan to develop a telerehabilitation system to facilitate doctors' remote guidance on patients' rehabilitation.Methods/design: Our study is a single-center, prospective randomized controlled trial. 124 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair will be recruited for the study. They will be randomly divided into 2 groups (62 cases in each group) based on the stratification factors of the operator, operation and preoperative diagnosis. The patients in the control group will get clinic and booklet based rehabilitation treatment after operation. However, patients in the experimental group will receive mobile phone and motion-capture device based programs for telerehabilitation after surgery. The primary outcome will be measured by the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES). Secondary outcomes include the Range of motion (ROM), Visual Analogue Scales (VAS), EuroQol-5 Dimension health questionnaire (EQ-5D), University of California at Los Angeles（UCLA）and the retear rate.Discussion: We hypothesize that patients who utilized mobile phone and motion-capture device based telerehabilitation will benefit more in the range of motion and shoulder function than those who received outpatient and manual based rehabilitation. If the hypothesize was confirmed, we could facilitate telerehabilitation for doctors and overcome the geographical and traffic limitations of traditional clinical based rehabilitation.Trial registration: ChiCTR.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030150, Registered on 24 February 2020
Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on posture, movement planning, and execution during standing voluntary reach following stroke
Authors: Yang Chieh-ling , Gad Alon , Creath Robert A. , Magder Laurence , Rogers Mark W. , Waller Sandy McCombe
Published: November 2020

Background: Impaired movement preparation of both anticipatory postural adjustments and goal directed movement as shown by a marked reduction in the incidence of StartReact responses during a standing reaching task was reported in individuals with stroke. We tested how transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied over the region of premotor areas (PMAs) and primary motor area (M1) affect movement planning and preparation of a standing reaching task in individuals with stroke. Methods: Each subject performed two sessions of tDCS over the lesioned hemisphere on two different days: cathodal tDCS over PMAs and anodal tDCS over M1. Movement planning and preparation of anticipatory postural adjustment-reach sequence was examined by startReact responses elicited by a loud acoustic stimulus of 123 dB. Kinetic, kinematic, and electromyography data were recorded to characterize anticipatory postural adjustment-reach movement response. Results: Anodal tDCS over M1 led to significant increase of startReact responses incidence at loud acoustic stimulus time point – 500 ms. Increased trunk involvement during movement execution was found after anodal M1 stimulation compared to PMAs stimulation. Conclusions: The findings provide novel evidence that impairments in movement planning and preparation as measured by startReact responses for a standing reaching task can be mitigated in individuals with stroke by the application of anodal tDCS over lesioned M1 but not cathodal tDCS over PMAs. This is the first study to show that stroke-related deficits in movement planning and preparation can be improved by application of anodal tDCS over lesioned M1.Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT04308629, Registered 16 March 2020 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04308629.
Identification of differentially expressed genes, signaling pathways and immune infiltration in rheumatoid arthritis by integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Ge Yanzhi , Zhou Li , Chen Zuxiang , Mao Yingying , Li Ting , Tong Peijian , Shan Letian
Published: November 2020

Background: The disability rate associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) ranks high among inflammatory joint diseases. However, the cause and potential molecular events are as yet not clear. Here, we aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), pathways and immune infiltration involved in RA utilizing integrated bioinformatics analysis and investigating potential molecular mechanisms. Materials and methods: The expression profiles of GSE55235, GSE55457, GSE55584 and GSE77298 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which contained 76 synovial membrane samples, including 49 RA samples and 27 normal controls. The microarray datasets were consolidated and DEGs were acquired and further analyzed by bioinformatics techniques. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed using R (version 3.6.1) software, respectively. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs were developed utilizing the STRING database. Finally, the CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells in RA. Results: A total of 828 DEGs were recognized, with 758 up-regulated and 70 down-regulated. GO and KEGG pathway analyses demonstrated that these DEGs focused primarily on cytokine receptor activity and relevant signaling pathways. The 30 most firmly related genes among DEGs were identified from the PPI network. The principal component analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the two tissues in infiltration immune. Conclusion: This study shows that screening for DEGs, pathways and immune infiltration utilizing integrated bioinformatics analyses could aid in the comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved in RA development. Besides, our study provides valuable data related to DEGs, pathways and immune infiltration of RA and may provide new insight into the understanding of molecular mechanisms.
The Phlebotomus papatasi systemic transcriptional response to trypanosomatid-contaminated blood does not differ from the non-infected blood meal
Authors: Sloan Megan A. , Sadlova Jovana , Lestinova Tereza , Sanders Mandy J. , Cotton James A. , Volf Petr , Ligoxygakis Petros
Published: November 2020

Background Leishmaniasis, caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania, is a disease that effects up to 8 million people worldwide. Parasites are transmitted to human and animal hosts through the bite of an infected sand fly. Novel strategies for disease control, require a better understanding of the key step for transmission namely, the establishment of infection inside the fly. Methods In this work we wanted to identify fly systemic transcriptomic signatures associated with Leishmania infection. We used next generation sequencing to describe the transcriptome of whole Phlebotomus papatasi sand flies when fed with blood alone (control) or with blood containing one of three trypanosomatids: Leishmania major, Leishmania donovani and Herpetomonas muscarum: a parasite not transmitted to humans. Results Of these, only L. major is able to successfully establish an infection in P. papatasi. However, the transcriptional signatures observed after each parasite-contaminated blood meal were not specific to success or failure of a specific infection and were not different from each other. They were also indistinguishable from non-contaminated blood. Conclusions This implies that sand flies perceive Leishmania as just one feature of their microbiome landscape and that any strategy to tackle transmission should focus on the response towards the blood meal rather than parasite establishment. Alternatively, Leishmania could suppress host responses. These results will generate new thinking around the concept of stopping transmission by controlling the parasite inside the insect.
Maternal mortality following thromboembolism; Incidences and prophylaxis strategies
Authors: Shirazi Mahboobeh , Sahebdel Behrokh , Torkzaban Mahnoosh , Feizabad Elham , ghaemi marjan
Published: November 2020

Background: Thromboembolism is one of the main causes of maternal mortality, which can be prevented in many cases. The present study was designed to investigate the incidence and prophylaxis strategies for maternal mortality following thromboembolism in postnatal.Methods: In this case series study, the data of the mortality cases were extracted according to the ethical and security standards of the Ministry of Health of the country and compared with a healthy control group. The thromboembolism risk factors measured and scored using a questionnaire entitled "the evaluation of risk factors for maternal mortality following thromboembolism during pregnancy, labor, or post-partum".Results: The maternal mortality rate was 16 per 100,000 live births. Among 297 mortality cases, 27 (9%) death were due to thromboembolism. The mean gestational age was 32.5 weeks. Dyspnea (88.8%) and tachycardia (18.5%) were found as common clinical manifestations in these patients. Sixteen cases (59.3%) did not get heparin, 6 (22.2%) received single dose and 5 (18.5%) received two doses and more. In these 11 cases, 5 (45%) patients received heparin before surgery, 1 after surgery, and 5 before and after surgery. Twenty cases deceased in the first hours after delivery and the rest after 2 to 12 days. The average score of risk for thromboembolism based on Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynecologist (RCOG) guideline was 4.6.Conclusion: It seems that one of the most important cause of maternal mortality in this study was the lack of recognition of high-risk patients and the lack of prescription for prophylaxis with heparin and this clearly explains the need for accurate screening of high-risk mothers, designing a standard form and the care and treatment of these patients.
Subcutaneous ticks: first report in a golden jackal and their absence in non-canid carnivores
Authors: Mechouk Noureddine , Deak Georgiana , Ionica Angela Monica , Ionescu Dan Traian , Chisamera Gabriel Bogdan , Gherman Calin Mircea , Mihalca Andrei Daniel
Published: November 2020

Background: Ticks are hematophagous arthropods which normally attach to the surface of the skin of the host. Their aberrant presence in the subcutaneous tissue of a few carnivores, predominantly foxes has been reported. However, there are no reports in other carnivores such as mustelids or golden jackals. Our aim was to investigate and broaden the host spectrum for this aberrant localization of ticks.Methods: Between 2015 and 2020, 198 carnivore carcasses from 12 species were examined by parasitological necropsy. When subcutaneous ticks were found, the nodules were removed, carefully dissected, and stored in ethanol. The morphological identification of the subcutaneous ticks was carried out to the species level.Results: A single subcutaneous tick was found in one carcass, a golden jackal. The tick was identified as a female Ixodes ricinus. All the other carcasses were negative for the presence of subcutaneous ticks.Conclusion: The present paper represents the first report of a subcutaneous tick in a golden jackal (Canis aureus), extends the host spectrum for this unusual phenomenon and demonstrates its presence only in canids among carnivores.
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury is Alleviated by Curcumin-Peptide Hydrogel via Upregulating Autophagy and Protecting Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Liao Chilin , Liu Yang , Huang Mengzhao , Liu Huayong , Ye Ziliang , Su Qiang
Published: November 2020

Background: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an important factor limiting the success of cardiac reperfusion therapy. Curcumin has a significant cardioprotective effect against IRI, can inhibit ventricular remodeling induced by pressure load or MI, and improve cardiac function. However, the poor water solubility and low bioavailability of curcumin restrict its clinical application. Methods: In this study, we prepared and evaluated a curcumin-hydrogel (cur-hydrogel) to reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis and reactive oxygen species formation induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation injury, promote autophagy, and reduce mitochondrial damage by maintaining the phosphorylation of Cx43. Results: Meanwhile, cur-hydrogel can restore cardiac function, inhibit myocardial collagen deposition and apoptosis, and activate JAK2/STAT3 pathway to alleviate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Conclusions: The purpose of this study is to elucidate the protective effects of cur-hydrogel on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating apoptosis, autophagy and mitochondrial injury in vitro and in vivo, which lays a new theoretical and experimental foundation for the prevention and reduction of IRI.
Characteristics and clinical outcomes of culture-negative and culture-positive septic shock: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kim June-sung , Kim Youn-Jung , Kim Won Young
Published: November 2020

Background: We evaluated the characteristics and outcomes of culture-negative septic shock versus culture-positive septic shock.Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study of data from a prospective registry from 2014 to 2018. A total of 2,499 adult patients with septic shock were enrolled. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality, and the secondary outcomes were the length of hospital stay, a requirement for mechanical ventilation or renal replacement therapy, and in-hospital mortality.Results: Of 1,718 patients with septic shock, 1,012 (58.9%) patients were culture-positive (blood 803, urine 302, sputum 102, others 204) and the median pathogen detection time was 9.5 hours (aerobic 10.2 hours and anaerobic 9.0 hours). The most common site of infection among the culture-positive was the hepatobiliary tract (39.5%), while for the culture-negative was the lower respiratory tract (38.2%). The culture-negative group had a lower mean body temperature (37.3 vs 37.7 ℃), lactate (2.5 vs. 3.2 mmol/L), C-reactive protein (11.1 vs 11.9 mg/dL), and sequential organ failure assessment score (7.0 vs. 8.0) than that of the culture-positive group. However, 90-day mortality between the groups was not significantly different (32.7 vs 32.2%, p=0.83), and the other clinical outcomes also did not differ significantly. Moreover, a shorter culture detection time was correlated with a higher sequential organ failure assessment score but not with mortality.Conclusion: Patients with septic shock are frequently culture-negative, especially in cases where the infection focus is in the lower respiratory tract. Although culture-negative was associated with degree of organ dysfunction, it was not an independent predictor of death.
Distinct expression and prognostic values of GATA transcription factor family in human ovarian cancer.
Authors: Zhou Quan , Yang Huai-jie , Zuo Man-zhen , Tao Ya-ling
Published: November 2020

Accumulated studies have provided controversial evidences of expression patterns and prognostic value of the GATA family in human ovarian cancer. In the present study, we accessed the distinct expression and prognostic roles of 7 individual members of GATA family in ovarian cancer (OC) patients through Oncomine analysis, CCLE analysis, Human Protein Atlas (HPA), Kaplan–Meier plotter (KM plotter) database, cBioPortal and Metascape. Our results indicated that GATA1, GATA3, GATA4 and TRPS1 mRNA and protein expression was significantly higher in OC than normal samples. High expression of GATA1, GATA2, and GATA4 were significantly correlated with better overall survival (OS), while increased GATA3 and GATA6 expression were associated with worse prognosis in OC patients. GATA1, GATA2, GATA3 and GATA6 were closely related to the diﬀerent clinicopathological features of OC. The genetic variation and interaction of the GATA family may be closely related to the pathogenesis and prognosis of OC, and the regulatory network composed of GATA family genes and their neighboring genes are mainly involved in Notch signaling pathway, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation and Hippo signaling pathway. Aberrant expressions of GATA family were all found to be associated with the clinicopathological features and clinical outcome of OC, and transcriptional GATA1/2/3/4/6 could be prognostic markers and potential therapeutic target for OC patients.
Capacity of National Malaria Control Programmes to implement vector surveillance: a global analysis
Authors: Russell Tanya L , Farlow Robert , Min Myo , Espino Effie , Mnzava Abraham , Burkot Thomas R.
Published: November 2020

BackgroundSolving the problem of malaria requires a highly skilled workforce with robust infrastructure, financial backing and sound programme management coordinated by a strategic plan. Here, the capacity of National Malaria Control Programmes (NMCPs) was analysed to identify the strengths and weaknesses underpinning implementation of vector surveillance and control activities by the core elements of programme capacity, being strategic frameworks, financing, human resources, logistics and infrastructure, and information systems. ResultsAcross nearly every country surveyed, the vector surveillance programmes were hampered by a lack of capacity and capability. Only 8 % of NMCPs reported having sufficient capacity to implement vector surveillance. In contrast, 57 %, 56 % and 28 % of NMCPs had the capacity to implement long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), indoor residual spraying (IRS) and larval source management (LSM) activities, respectively. Largely underlying this was a lack of up-to-date strategic plans that prioritize vector surveillance and include frameworks for decision-making and action. ConclusionsStrategic planning and a lack of well-trained entomologists heavily hamper vector surveillance. Countries on the path to elimination generally had more operational/field staff compared to countries at the stage of control, and also were more likely to have an established system for staff training and capacity building. It is unlikely that controlling countries will make significant progress unless huge investments also go towards increasing the number and capacity of programmatic staff.
A Young Female Presented With Massive Pulmonary Embolism Wıth Inferior Vena Cava Thrombus As A Complication Of Nephrotic Syndrome: A Case Report.
Authors: Jeele Mohamed Osman , Mohamud Mohamed Farah Yusuf , Addow Rukia Omar Barre
Published: November 2020

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) was first described in 1827 as the presence of proteinuria of ≥3.5 g/24 hours, albuminemia <3.0 g, peripheral edema, hyperlipidemia, lipiduria, and increased thrombotic risk. Nephrotic syndrome has an incidence of three cases per 100 000 each year in adults. Nephrotic syndrome also has serious complications due to hypercoagulable state in both various venous and arteries which could lead thromboembolic events. The pathophysiology of hypercoagulability in the nephrotic syndrome is due to an imbalance of prothrombotic and antithrombotic factors, as well as impaired thrombolytic activities.Here we will present 19 years old women who presented to the emergency department complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath for three days. The patient was quickly diagnosed with pulmonary embolism and inferior vena cava thrombosis as a complication of nephrotic syndrome, allowing prompt initiation of anticoagulant therapy. After two weeks of admission, the patient's condition resolved, her laboratory results returned to almost normal and the patient was discharged with Oral Prednisolone, Coumadin, Atorvastatin, and Ramipril. We are aim to determine which is the likely cause of pulmonary embolism in patients with the nephrotic syndrome.
Inhibitory Effects of Circulating Natural Autoantibodies to CD47-derived Peptides on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Liu Xiu , Meng Qingyong , He Ziyi , Dong Rui , Hu Ying
Published: November 2020

Natural autoantibodies serve as an important anti-tumorigenic system due to its immune surveillance function. The present study aims to investigate whether circulating natural IgG autoantibodies against cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) could suppress the proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. Three OSCC cell lines were used for this study. The expression of fourteen tumor related genes including CD47 were tested. OSCC cells were grown, respectively, with 20% human plasma positive and negative for anti-CD47 IgG. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion/metastasis were examined. The results showed that CD47 presented highest expression among all 14 genes detected in OSCC cells. Plasma anti-CD47 IgG significantly inhibited the viability of all three OSCC cell lines. The proportions of apoptotic cells were remarkably higher in OSCC cells treated with anti-CD47 IgG-positive plasma than those treated with IgG-negative plasma. Furthermore, the cell invasion/metastasis was attenuated evidently with the attribution of plasma anti-CD47 IgG. In conclusion, natural autoantibodies against CD47 may be a potential target for OSCC immunotherapy.
Bariatric surgery can acutely modulate ER-stress and inflammation on subcutaneous adipose tissue in non-diabetic patients with obesity
Authors: Ferraz-Bannitz Rafael , Welendorf Caroline Rossi , Coelho Priscila Oliveira , Salgado Wilson , Nonino Carla Barbosa , Beraldo Rebeca , Foss-Freitas Maria
Published: November 2020

Background: Bariatric surgery, especially Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), is the most effective and durable treatment option for severe obesity. The mechanisms involving adipose tissue may be important to explain the effects of surgery.Methods: We aimed to identify the genetic signatures of adipose tissue in patients undergoing RYGB. We evaluated 13 obese, non-diabetic patients (mean age 37 years, 100% women, Body mass index (BMI) 42.2 kg/m2) one day before surgery, 3 and 6 months (M) after RYGB.Results: Analysis of gene expression in adipose tissue collected at surgery compared with samples collected at 3M and 6M Post-RYGB showed that interleukins (Interleukin 6, Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP1)) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) genes (Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 (EIF2AK3) and Calreticulin (CALR)) decreased during the follow-up (P≤0.01 for all). Otherwise, genes involved in energy homeostasis (Adiponectin and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)), cellular response to oxidative stress (Sirtuin 1, Sirtuin 3, and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)), mitochondrial biogenesis (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α)) and amino acids metabolism (General control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2)) increased from baseline to all other time points evaluated (P≤0.01 for all). Also, expression of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARϒ) (adipogenesis regulation) was significantly decreased after RYGB (P<0.05). Additionally, we observed that PGC1α, SIRT1 and AMPK strongly correlated to BMI at 3M (P≤0.01 for all), as well as ADIPOQ and SIRT1 to BMI at 6M (P≤0.01 for all).Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that weight loss is associated with amelioration of inflammation and ERS and increased protection against oxidative stress in adipose tissue. These observations are strongly correlated with a decrease in BMI and essential genes that control cellular energy homeostasis, suggesting an adaptive process on a gene expression level during the caloric restriction and weight loss period after RYGB.Trial registration: CAAE: 73585317.0.0000.5440