bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional embedded strain gauge analysis of the effect of collared versus collarless prostheses on cement mantle stresses in a femoral model of a total hip replacement
Authors: Colgan D , McTague D , O'Donnell P , Little E G
Published: July 2007

Experimental and finite element analyses have attributed considerable significance to the role of the prosthetic collar in load transfer to the proximal femur; however, some clinical evidence suggests that collar/calcar contact is unnecessary and detrimental. This study investigates the effects of collared versus collarless prostheses on cement mantle stresses in a model analysis of the proximal femur.

Three-dimensional embedded strain gauging is used in a three-times full-size model of an implanted left femur. Tensor stresses in the cement mantle are derived for a collarless Exeter™ stem, a small and a large medial-collared stem and a full-collared prosthesis. Results show that the collar causes an increase in proximal-medial compressive longitudinal stresses, with other proximal stresses significantly reduced. Subsidence of the stem in the cement mantle is prevented, inducing unfavourable pivoting of the prosthesis about the calcar into varus. The collar type produces only minor additional effects in the mechanism of load transfer.

The analysis suggests that collars may inhibit the prosthesis from attaining long-term secondary stability, by preventing the stem subsidence evident with cemented collarless implants. Derived stresses also illustrate the considerable variation in the mechanism of load transfer between collared and collarless prostheses in both the proximal and distal regions.
Prediction of axial hysteresis in locked coil ropes
Authors: Raoof M , Kraincanic I
Published: July 2007

In published literature, the strand constructions dealt with have almost invariably involved only wires which are circular in cross-section. There are, however, instances when shaped wires are used in, for example, half-lock and full-lock coil constructions.

The paper reports details of a theoretical model which enables an insight to be gained into various characteristics of axially loaded lock coil ropes. The model is based on an extension of a previously reported orthotropic sheet concept and provides a fairly simple means of estimating wire kinematics, interwire/interlayer contact forces, effective axial stiffnesses and axial hysteresis in axially preloaded locked coil ropes experiencing uniform cyclic axial load perturbations. The theory takes interwire contact deformations and friction into account.

Final numerical results based on theoretical parametric studies on some substantial cables highlight the substantial role that the outermost layer(s) with shaped wires play as regards the overall axial damping capacity of fully bedded-in (old) locked coil ropes, and it is found that (for the same lay angles and outer diameters) axial hysteresis in locked coil ropes is generally higher than spiral strands which are composed of only round wires. This finding may have significant practical implications in terms of the design against dynamic instability of structures supported by such cables.
Indentation of composite sandwich beams
Authors: Soden P D
Published: July 2007

Indentation of a sandwich beam is analysed as linear elastic bending of the top skin on a rigid-perfectly plastic foundation (the core). The theoretical predictions of fracture load from this simple theory are shown to be in good agreement with experimental results from indentation tests on strips of sandwich panel, with glass-fibre-reinforced plastic skins and foam core, supported on a rigid base.
An experimental investigation into pile group-layered soil interaction
Authors: Chandrashekhara K , Joseph Antony S , Mallikarjuna Reddy J
Published: July 2007

An interaction analysis of an axially loaded single pile and pile group with and without a pile cap in a layered soil medium has been investigated using the two-dimensional photoelastic method. A study of the pile or pile group behaviour has been made, varying the pile cap thickness as well as the embedded length of the pile in the hard stratum. The shear stress distribution along the pile-soil interface, non-dimensionalized settlement values of the single pile and the interaction factor for the pile group have been presented. Wherever possible, the results of the present analysis have been compared with available numerical solutions.
Measurement of the three-dimensional residual stress distribution around split-sleeve cold-expanded holes
Authors: Özdemir A T , Edwards L
Published: July 2007

Cold expansion of fastener holes is an increasingly common way of improving the fatigue endurance of airframes. Although a number of methods of cold expansion are possible, the split-sleeve cold-expansion process is the most widely accepted and is widely used in the repair and manufacture stages of both military and civil aircraft. In the present work, the residual stress distribution around split-sleeve cold-expanded holes has been measured as a function of both position through the plate thickness and around the hole through novel use of the Sachs method. It is found that the residual hoop stresses being generated at the mid-thickness of the plate at orientation 90° from the position of the split in the expansion sleeve. It is suggested that this variation must be taken into account both in the implementation of the technology and in any potential model used for the prediction of fatigue life of cold-expanded holes.
Observations on the creep of two-material structures
Authors: Hyde T H , Yehia K , Sun W
Published: July 2007

Analytical solutions are presented for the deformations of and stresses in two-material, two-bar structures, beams in bending and thick cylinders, under creep conditions. Results obtained using these solutions were compared with corresponding single-material solutions and were used to assess the applicability of reference stress and other simple design rule concepts, established for single-material structures, to two-material components and structures.
Prescription Drug Dispensing and Patient Costs After Implementation of a No Behavioral Health Cost-Sharing Law
Authors: Golberstein Ezra , Campbell James M. , Maclean Johanna Catherine , Harris Samantha J. , Saloner Brendan , Stein Bradley D.
Published: March 2024

Importance

On January 1, 2022, New Mexico implemented a No Behavioral Cost-Sharing (NCS) law that eliminated cost-sharing for mental health and substance use disorder (MH/SUD) treatments in plans regulated by the state, potentially reducing a barrier to treatment for MH/SUDs among the commercially insured; however, the outcomes of the law are unknown.

Objective

To assess the association of implementation of the NCS with out-of-pocket spending for prescription for drugs primarily used to treat MH/SUDs and monthly volume of dispensed drugs.

Design, Settings, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used a difference-in-differences research design to examine trends in outcomes for New Mexico state employees, a population affected by the NCS, compared with federal employees in New Mexico who were unaffected by NCS. Data were collected on prescription drugs for MH/SUDs dispensed per month between January 2021 and June 2022 for New Mexico patients with a New Mexico state employee health plan and New Mexico patients with a federal employee health plan. Data analysis occurred from December 2022 to January 2024.

Exposure

Enrollment in a state employee health plan or federal health plan.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes were mean patient out-of-pocket spending per dispensed MH/SUD prescription and the monthly volume of dispensed MH/SUD prescriptions per 1000 employees. A difference-in-differences estimation approach was used.

Results

The implementation of the NCS law was associated with a mean (SE) $6.37 ($0.30) reduction (corresponding to an 85.6% decrease) in mean out-of-pocket spending per dispensed MH/SUD medication (95% CI, −$7.00 to −$5.75). The association of implementation of NCS with the volume of prescriptions dispensed was not statistically significant.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that the implementation of the New Mexico NCS law was successful in lowering out-of-pocket spending on prescription medications for MH/SUDs, but that there was no association of NCS with the volume of medications dispensed in the first 6 months after implementation. A key challenge is to identify policies that protect from high out-of-pocket spending while also promoting access to needed care.
Development of a Follow-Up Measure to Ensure Complete Screening for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ciemins Elizabeth L. , Mohl Jeff T. , Moreno Carlos A. , Colangelo Francis , Smith Robert A. , Barton Mary
Published: March 2024

Importance

The current quality performance measure for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is limited to initial screening. Despite low rates, there is no measure for appropriate follow-up with colonoscopy after receipt of an abnormal result of a stool-based screening test (SBT) for CRC. A quality performance measure is needed.

Objective

To develop and test a quality performance measure for follow-up colonoscopy within 6 months of an abnormal result of an SBT for CRC.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective quality improvement study examined data from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020, with 2018 plus 6 months of follow-up as the primary measurement period to verify performance rates, specify a potential measure, and test for validity, reliability, and feasibility. The Optum Labs Data Warehouse (OLDW), a deidentified database of health care claims and clinical data, was accessed. The OLDW contains longitudinal health information on enrollees and patients, representing a diverse mixture of ages and geographic regions across the US. For the database study, adults from 38 health care organizations (HCOs) aged 50 to 75 years who completed an initial CRC SBT with an abnormal result were observed to determine follow-up colonoscopy rates within 6 months. Rates were stratified by race, ethnicity, sex, insurance, and test modality. Three HCOs participated in the feasibility field testing. Data were analyzed from June 1, 2022, to May 31, 2023.

Main Outcome and Measures

The primary outcome consisted of follow-up colonoscopy rates following an abnormal SBT result for CRC. Reliability statistics were also calculated across HCOs, race, ethnicity, and measurement year.

Results

Among 20 581 adults (48.6% men and 51.4% women; 307 [1.5%] Asian, 492 [7.2%] Black, 644 [3.1%] Hispanic, and 17 705 [86.0%] White; mean [SD] age, 63.6 [7.1] years) in 38 health systems, 47.9% had a follow-up colonoscopy following an abnormal SBT result for CRC within 6 months. There was significant variation between HCOs. Notably, significantly fewer Black patients (37.1% [95% CI, 34.6%-39.5%]) and patients with Medicare (49.2% [95% CI, 47.7%-50.6%]) or Medicaid (39.2% [95% CI, 36.3%-42.1%]) insurance received a follow-up colonoscopy. A quality performance measure that tracks rates of follow-up within 6 months of an abnormal SBT result was observed to be feasible, valid, and reliable, with a median reliability statistic between HCOs of 94.5% (range, 74.3%-99.7%).

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this observational study of 20 581 adults suggest that a measure of follow-up colonoscopy within defined periods after an abnormal result of an SBT test for CRC is warranted based on low current performance rates and would be feasible to collect by health systems and produce valid, reliable results.
Prevalence of MTHFR Polymorphisms in Patients With Hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome and Hypermobile Spectrum Disorders in a US Hypermobility Clinic
Authors: Courseault Jacques , Umar Meenakshi , Bordnick Patrick , Simons Jocelyn , Volic Milla , Stock Allison , Bix Gregory
Published: March 2024

Objective

Hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (hEDS) and hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) are characterized by joint hypermobility, joint subluxations and dislocations, hyperextensible skin, and chronic and progressive multiorgan comorbidities. Diagnosing hEDS and HSD is difficult because of variable phenotypes and unknown genetic etiology. In our clinic, we observed many patients with hEDS and HSD with a high serum level of unmetabolized folate, which suggests that hypermobility may be linked to methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)–mediated folate metabolism. The present study aims to examine the prevalence of MTHFR polymorphisms, C677T and A1298C, among patients with hEDS and HSD.

Methods

Clinical and demographic information of patients visiting our hypermobility clinic from January 2023 to July 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Continuous variables were reported as mean ± SD and range, whereas categorical variables were reported as total count and percentage.

Results

Among 157 patients, 93% of patients were female patients, 52.2% were diagnosed with hEDS, and 47.8% were diagnosed with HSD. Interestingly, 85% of the patients had MTHFR C677T and/or A1298C polymorphisms in heterozygous or homozygous state. MTHFR 677CT/TT genotype was present in 52.9% of cases, and 49.7% of patients had 1298AC/CC genotype. In addition,14% of patients with hypermobility exhibited MTHFR 677TT genotype, 10.2% showed 1298CC genotype, and 17.2% displayed combined heterozygosity, collectively representing 41.4% hypermobile patients with two copies of MTHFR variant alleles.

Conclusion

There is a high prevalence of MTHFR polymorphisms among patients with hypermobility, which supports the hypothesis that hypermobility may be dependent on folate status.
Multilevel Ferroelectric Domain Wall Memory for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Shen Bowen , Sun Haoran , Hu Xianyu , Sun Jie , Jiang Jun , Zhang Zengxing , Jiang Anquan
Published: March 2024

Low‐power and parallel processing Neuromorphic computing that imitates on the human brain's extraordinary data processing and learning capabilities is promising in non‐von Neumann application platforms in the post‐Moore era. Ferroelectric domain walls appearing as nanoscale topological defects in solids exhibit coexisting ordering parameters besides the spontaneous polarization, leading to the emergence of rich physics and electronic effects in the development of neuromorphic electronics that go beyond the conventional CMOS. In this study, the four‐state domain wall memory is developed on LiNbO3ferroelectric thin films integrated with Si substrates, where each state can be stably manipulated at a specific low voltage, showcasing outstanding fatigue resistance and retention performance. The constructed crossbar array that functions as a kernel for image convolution can be used to implement processing operations like image filtering, sharpness enhancement, and edge detection. Additional simulation from a convolutional neural network model shows 96.98% accuracy on the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology handwritten digits dataset. The stable multi‐state domain wall memory provides a new approach for computing and promotes research in domain wall electronics to meet future enormous demands of big data.
Tunable Anti‐Thermal Quenching Luminescence of Eu3+‐Doped Metal‐Organic Framework and Temperature‐Dependent Photonic Coding
Authors: Wei Yang , Liu Zhanning , Sun Chao , Ding Xinru , Wu Shuaihao , Chen Ran , Wang Feng , Wang Hui , Xing Xianran , Huang Ling
Published: March 2024

Applications of luminescence at high temperature such as high‐power lighting, lasing, thermophotovoltaics, and photonic coding, are severely prevented due to the notorious thermal quenching (TQ). Although anti‐TQ luminescence (anti‐TQL) is reported using highly oxygen‐coordinated solid‐state oxide as host in virtue of the rigid skeleton that resists lattice vibration at elevated temperatures, it is meaningful to extend anti‐TQL to other hosts. Herein, taking advantage of the ligand‐metal antenna effect and the negative thermal expansion feature of Eu3+ doped MIL‐68‐In (MIL‐68‐In/xEu), adjustable anti‐TQL is realized for the first time, that is, anti‐TQ, zero‐TQ, and TQ at x = 5%, 10%, and 50%, respectively. Therefore, except for added novel mechanisms, this work has also expanded the hosts available for high‐temperature luminescence and enabled advanced photonic coding in terms of facial synthesis, rich information, and visual changes of emission intensity instead of device‐dependent analogous.
Surface Modification of p‐type ZnO Nanorods by Nitrogen Doped SiO2 Dots as an Efficient Solar Photocatalyst for Degradation of Ciprofloxacin in Water
Authors: Cilamkoti Vatsala , Dutta Raj Kumar
Published: March 2024

A simple two step hydrothermal method is developed for synthesizing p‐type zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods surface modified with nitrogen doped silicon dioxide dots (ZnO/N‐SiO2). The structure, morphology, and chemical compositions are confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and by Mott‐Schottky studies. The N‐SiO2 dots on the surface of p‐type ZnO nanorods are formed during hydrothermal treatment at 90 °C (i.e., at 363 K), named as [ZnO/N‐SiO2]363K. While N‐SiO2 dots are embedded in the ZnO nanorods of the batch synthesized at 453 K. The band gap of the batches of ZnO/N‐SiO2 are wider (3.24–3.30 eV) than the pristine ZnO (3.16 eV). The modification of ZnO nanorods by the N‐SiO2 dots is corroborated by changes in the flat band potential, revealed from Mott‐Schottky measurements. The EPR and photoluminescence studies confirm p‐type ZnO attributable to zinc vacancies (VZn). The batch [ZnO/N‐SiO2]363 exhibits maximum photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin in water. The specific rate constant is k′ = 0.97 min−1 g−1, which is nearly three times higher than that exhibited by the irregularly spherical pristine ZnO nanoparticles (k′ = 0.36 min−1 g−1). The enhanced photocatalytic degradation is attributed to holes mediated hydroxyl radical generation. The degradation mechanism is proposed by carrier mobility studies, radical scavenging studies and by identifying the degradation products.
All‐In‐One OsciDrop Digital PCR System for Automated and Highly Multiplexed Molecular Diagnostics
Authors: Li Caiming , Kang Nan , Ye Shun , Huang Weihang , Wang Xia , Wang Cheng , Li Yuchen , Liu Yan‐Fei , Lan Ying , Ma Liang , Zhao Yuhang , Han Yong , Fu Jun , Shen Danhua , Dong Lianhua , Du Wenbin
Published: March 2024

Digital PCR (dPCR) holds immense potential for precisely detecting nucleic acid markers essential for personalized medicine. However, its broader application is hindered by high consumable costs, complex procedures, and restricted multiplexing capabilities. To address these challenges, an all‐in‐one dPCR system is introduced that eliminates the need for microfabricated chips, offering fully automated operations and enhanced multiplexing capabilities. Using this innovative oscillation‐induced droplet generation technique, OsciDrop, this system supports a comprehensive dPCR workflow, including precise liquid handling, pipette‐based droplet printing, in situ thermocycling, multicolor fluorescence imaging, and machine learning‐driven analysis. The system's reliability is demonstrated by quantifying reference materials and evaluating HER2 copy number variation in breast cancer. Its multiplexing capability is showcased with a quadruplex dPCR assay that detects key EGFR mutations, including 19Del, L858R, and T790M in lung cancer. Moreover, the digital stepwise melting analysis (dSMA) technique is introduced, enabling high‐multiplex profiling of seven major EGFR variants spanning 35 subtypes. This innovative dPCR system presents a cost‐effective and versatile alternative, overcoming existing limitations and paving the way for transformative advances in precision diagnostics.
Humanistic Health Management and Cancer: Associations of Psychology, Nutrition, and Exercise with Cancer Progression and Pathogenesis
Authors: Li Chenchen , Zhang Junfeng , Pan Pengcheng , Zhang Junjie , Hou Xinyi , Wang Yan , Chen Guoping , Muhammad Pir , Reis Rui L. , Ding Lin , Wang Yanli
Published: March 2024

The incidence rate of cancer is increasing year by year due to the aging of the population, unhealthy living, and eating habits. At present, surgery and medication are still the main treatments for cancer, without paying attention to the impact of individual differences in health management on cancer. However, increasing evidence suggests that individual psychological status, dietary habits, and exercise frequency are closely related to the risk and prognosis of cancer. The reminder to humanity is that the medical concept of the unified treatment plan is insufficient in cancer treatment, and a personalized treatment plan may become a breakthrough point. On this basis, the concept of “Humanistic Health Management” (HHM) is proposed. This concept is a healthcare plan that focuses on self‐health management, providing an accurate and comprehensive evaluation of individual lifestyle habits, psychology, and health status, and developing personalized and targeted comprehensive cancer prevention and treatment plans. This review will provide a detailed explanation of the relationship between psychological status, dietary, and exercise habits, and the regulatory mechanisms of cancer. Intended to emphasize the importance of HHM concept in cancer prevention and better prognostic efficacy, providing new ideas for the new generation of cancer treatment.
Modulating Intrinsic Defect Structure of Fibrous Hard Carbon for Super‐Fast and High‐Areal Sodium Energy Storage
Authors: Yuan Li , Zhang Qianyu , Pu Yiran , Qiu Xiaoling , Liu Can , Wu Hao
Published: March 2024

Creating defects by heteroatom doping is commonly approved in respect of enhancing fast sodium‐ion storage of carbonaceous anodes ascribing to rich external defects, but the contribution of intrinsic carbon defects (e.g., vacancy) in improving rate‐capability has rarely been investigated. Here, a bio‐derived fibrous hard carbon with high‐reversible intrinsic defects is synthesized via metal‐assisted‐catalytic strategy. It is found that sp2‐hybridized carbon is united through catalytic‐tuning during thermal‐etching process along with the formation of low‐potential planar intrinsic carbon defects (vacancies and non‐hexagonal carbon rings) by sacrificing poor‐reversible carbon edges. Such integrated structures greatly improve the reversibility of defective sites and charge transfer kinetics, thus enhancing the slope sodium‐storage capacity of carbon below 1 V even at high current densities. Thus‐obtained fibrous carbon anodes enable boosted initial coulombic efficiency (≈90%) and ultrahigh‐rate capability in both half‐ (222.2 mAh g−1at 50 A g−1) and full‐cell (200 C, charged/discharged in ≈10 s). Interestingly, compared with meso‐/macroporous structures, such micropore‐dominated carbon fibers are more beneficial for fabricating high‐mass‐loading, crack‐free thick electrodes (>10 mg cm−2) with considerable areal‐capacity over 3.0 mAh cm−2. Paired with high‐loading Na3V2PO4 cathode (14.4 mg cm−2), full‐cell achieves admirable areal‐capacity over 1.4 mAh cm−2 and peak areal‐energy/power‐density of 3.2/74 mW cm−2.
“Three birds with one stone” nanoplatform: Efficient near‐infrared‐triggered type‑I AIE photosensitizer for mitochondria‐targeted photodynamic therapy against hypoxic tumors
Authors: Liu Shengnan , Pei Yu , Sun Yan , Wang Ziwei , Chen Haoran , Zhu Dongxia , Bryce Martin R. , Tang Ben Zhong , Chang Yulei
Published: March 2024

Currently three major problems seriously limit the practical application of cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT): (i) the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME); (ii) low generation efficiency of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aggregates and (iii) shallow tissue penetration depth of excitation light. Very limited approaches are available for addressing all the above three problems with a single design. Herein, a rational “three birds with one stone” molecular and nanoengineering strategy is demonstrated: a photodynamic nanoplatform U‐Ir@PAA‐ABS based on the covalent combination of lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and an AIE‐active dinuclear Ir(III) complex provides a low oxygen concentration‐dependent type‐I photochemical process upon 980 nm irradiation by Föster resonance energy transfer (FRET). U‐Ir@PAA‐ABS targets mitochondria and has excellent phototoxicity even in severe hypoxia environments upon 980 nm irradiation, inducing a dual‐mode cell death mechanism by apoptosis and ferroptosis. Taken together, the in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate a successful strategy for improving the efficacy of PDT against hypoxic tumors.
Cu‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 4H‐benzo[4,5]thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones: Molecular Docking Studies and Anti‐Proliferative Activities Against HepG2 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Aljaar Nayyef , Aboalrub Husam F. , Shtaiwi Majed , Sarhan Ayman H. Abu , Younes Eyad A. , Al‐Noaimi Mousa , Shtaiwi Amneh , Tahtamouni Lubna H. , Abu‐Safieh Kayed A. , AlObaid Abeer A. , Malakar Chandi C.
Published: March 2024

The copper‐catalyzed regioselective domino synthesis of 4H‐benzo[4,5]thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones 3 through N,S‐arylation strategies has been accomplished. This transformation was operated by the reaction of 1‐bromo‐2‐iodobenzenes 1 with 2‐thioxo‐2,3‐dihydropyrimidin‐4(1H)‐ones 2 in the presence of trans‐4‐hydroxy‐L‐proline as a ligand in DMSO as a solvent. Using this method, a library of diversely functionalized 4H‐benzo[4,5]thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐one derivatives 3 were obtained in yields ranging 66–85 %. The described process revealed a very good tolerance to substituents on both 1‐bromo‐2‐iodobenzenes 1 and 2‐thioxo‐2,3‐dihydropyrimidin‐4(1H)‐ones 2. In addition, the reaction with 1,2‐diodobenzene yielded the corresponding 2‐methyl‐4H‐benzo[4,5]thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐one (3 a) in 70 % yield. Docking studies explained that the derivatives 3 h, 3 e, and 3 p bind to the lipophilic pocket of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase beta (PI3 Kβ) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with high affinities. In addition, the complex 3 h‐4bfr formed a very stable complex with PI3 Kβ with the lowest binding free energy of −7.89 kcal/mol. The anti‐proliferative activity against HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells was evaluated using MTT assay. The compound 3 h exhibited cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells comparable to that of Erlotinib, a standard EGFR inhibitor (IC50 values of 19.1 and 14.7 μM). Four of the tested compounds (3 e, 3 f, 3 o, and 3 p) showed moderate anti‐proliferative activities (IC50 values of 53.9 to 92.2 μM).
One‐Step Nickel‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Alpha‐Arylidene and Gamma Hydroxy‐Substituted N‐Methyl‐2‐Pyrrolidones
Authors: Sirvin Rajan Robin Prakash , Mok Jungwi , Lee Junseong , Lee Sunwoo
Published: March 2024

This study describes a method to synthesize compounds with an arylidene group at the alpha position of N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) and an alcohol group at the gamma position in a single‐step reaction using NMP and aldehyde. The highest yields were obtained with Ni(glyme)Cl2 as a nickel catalyst and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant, and various aryl aldehydes reacted under optimal conditions to yield the target compounds.
The efficacy of vitamin E in preventing arthrofibrosis after joint replacement
Authors: Fan Yingfang , Yuh Jean , Lekkala Sashank , Asik Mehmet D. , Thomson Andrew , McCanne Madeline , Randolph Mark A. , Chen Antonia F. , Oral Ebru
Published: March 2024

Background

Arthrofibrosis is a joint disorder characterized by excessive scar formation in the joint tissues. Vitamin E is an antioxidant with potential anti‐fibroblastic effect. The aim of this study was to establish an arthrofibrosis rat model after joint replacement and assess the effects of vitamin E supplementation on joint fibrosis.

Methods

We simulated knee replacement in 16 male Sprague–Dawley rats. We immobilized the surgical leg with a suture in full flexion. The control groups were killed at 2 and 12 weeks (n = 5 per group), and the test group was supplemented daily with vitamin E (0.2 mg/mL) in their drinking water for 12 weeks (n = 6). We performed histological staining to investigate the presence and severity of arthrofibrosis. Immunofluorescent staining and α2‐macroglobulin (α2M) enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to assess local and systemic inflammation. Static weight bearing (total internal reflection) and range of motion (ROM) were collected for functional assessment.

Results

The ROM and weight‐bearing symmetry decreased after the procedure and recovered slowly with still significant deficit at the end of the study for both groups. Histological analysis confirmed fibrosis in both lateral and posterior periarticular tissue. Vitamin E supplementation showed a moderate anti‐inflammatory effect on the local and systemic levels. The vitamin E group exhibited significant improvement in ROM and weight‐bearing symmetry at day 84 compared to the control group.

Conclusions

This model is viable for simulating arthrofibrosis after joint replacement. Vitamin E may benefit postsurgical arthrofibrosis, and further studies are needed for dosing requirements.
Ionic strength and anion‐specificity effects on the interfacial behavior of double hydrophilic block copolymer PNIPAM‐b‐POEGA
Authors: Pan Wenting , Wen Gangyao , Giaouzi Despoina , Pispas Stergios , Chen Hongxu
Published: March 2024

In our prior paper, surface micelles with the core‐shell‐petal structure of the double hydrophilic block copolymer poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐block‐poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) acrylate] (PNIPAM‐b‐POEGA) were successfully evaluated. In this work, ionic strength (under acidic conditions) and anion‐specificity effects (under neutral conditions) on the aggregation behavior of PNIPAM‐b‐POEGA at the air/water interface and the morphologies of its Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films were systematically studied. Under acidic conditions, the salting‐out effect prevails over the electrostatic shielding effect, and the amide group shells with a slight protonation degree are covered up by the large POEGA petals. Under neutral conditions, the stretching degrees of POEGA blocks at low/moderate salt concentrations are close. At high salt concentrations, the isotherms gradually shift to large molecular areas in the order of the NaCl, Na2SO4, NaNO3, and NaSCN cases. The hysteresis degrees of the monolayers increase with the increase of salt concentrations due to the gradually increased interfacial stretching degree and compression‐induced underwater solubility of POEGA blocks. All the initial LB films of PNIPAM‐b‐POEGA exhibit isolated circular micelles with small cores. Upon compression, the LB films exhibit slightly large micelles because of the possible coalescence of some neighboring cores.
Genome‐wide analysis of spina bifida risk variants in a case–control study from Bangladesh
Authors: Tindula Gwen , Issac Biju , Mukherjee Sudipta Kumer , Ekramullah Sheikh Muhammad , Arman D. M. , Islam Joynul , Suchanda Hafiza Sultana , Sun Liang , Rockowitz Shira , Christiani David C. , Warf Benjamin C. , Mazumdar Maitreyi
Published: March 2024

Background

Human studies of genetic risk factors for neural tube defects, severe birth defects associated with long‐term health consequences in surviving children, have predominantly been restricted to a subset of candidate genes in specific biological pathways including folate metabolism.

Methods

In this study, we investigated the association of genetic variants spanning the genome with risk of spina bifida (i.e., myelomeningocele and meningocele) in a subset of families enrolled from December 2016 through December 2022 in a case–control study in Bangladesh, a population often underrepresented in genetic studies. Saliva DNA samples were analyzed using the Illumina Global Screening Array. We performed genetic association analyses to compare allele frequencies between 112 case and 121 control children, 272 mothers, and 128 trios.

Results

In the transmission disequilibrium test analyses with trios only, we identified three novel exonic spina bifida risk loci, including rs140199800 (SULT1C2, p = 1.9 × 10−7), rs45580033 (ASB2, p = 4.2 × 10−10), and rs75426652 (LHPP, p = 7.2 × 10−14), after adjusting for multiple hypothesis testing. Association analyses comparing cases and controls, as well as models that included their mothers, did not identify genome‐wide significant variants.

Conclusions

This study identified three novel single nucleotide polymorphisms involved in biological pathways not previously associated with neural tube defects. The study warrants replication in larger groups to validate findings and to inform targeted prevention strategies.
Chiral Spiro‐Tetrathiafulvalenes: Synthesis, Chiroptical Properties, Conformational Issues and Charge Transfer Complexes
Authors: Bogdan Alexandra , Moraru Ionut‐Tudor , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Auban‐Senzier Pascale , Grosu Ion , Avarvari Narcis , Pop Flavia
Published: March 2024

Within this work we have investigated spiro‐based tetrathiafulvalenes (TTFs) obtained as mixtures of stereoisomers from racemic spiro[5.5]undeca‐1,8‐dien‐3‐one. Compared to previously described spiro‐TTFs, enantiomeric and diastereoisomeric forms have been here separated by chiral HPLC and fully characterized both experimentally and theoretically. The two types of spiro‐based chiral derivatives contain either one (2) or three (1) chiral centres out of each one is spiro‐type. Experimental CD, supported by TD‐DFT calculations, shows differences in the optical activity between the 1 and 2 and their intermediates. The low optical activity of 2 and 3 (spiro alone chirality) was attributed to the presence of two conformers in the solution (ax and eq) of opposite Cotton effect whereas in the case of 1 and 5 (spiro and stereogenic centres) the spiro chirality seems to be responsible of the Cotton effect in the high energy region whereas the R and S chirality in the low energy region. Racemic and enantiopure forms have been successfully used for the synthesis of charge transfer complexes with tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) based acceptors.
Disease‐related non‐muscle myosin IIA D1424N rod domain mutation, but not R702C motor domain mutation, disrupts mouse ocular lens fiber cell alignment and hexagonal packing
Authors: Islam Sadia T. , Cheheltani Sepideh , Cheng Catherine , Fowler Velia M.
Published: March 2024

The mouse ocular lens is an excellent vertebrate model system for studying hexagonal cell packing and shape changes during tissue morphogenesis and differentiation. The lens is composed of two types of cells, epithelial and fiber cells. During the initiation of fiber cell differentiation, lens epithelial cells transform from randomly packed cells to hexagonally shaped and packed cells to form meridional row cells. The meridional row cells further differentiate and elongate into newly formed fiber cells that maintain hexagonal cell shape and ordered packing. In other tissues, actomyosin contractility regulates cell hexagonal packing geometry during epithelial tissue morphogenesis. Here, we use the mouse lens as a model to study the effect of two human disease‐related non‐muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) mutations on lens cellular organization during fiber cell morphogenesis and differentiation. We studied genetic knock‐in heterozygous mice with NMIIA‐R702C motor domain or NMIIA‐D1424N rod domain mutations. We observed that while one allele of NMIIA‐R702C has no impact on lens meridional row epithelial cell shape and packing, one allele of the NMIIA‐D1424N mutation can cause localized defects in cell hexagonal packing. Similarly, one allele of NMIIA‐R702C motor domain mutation does not affect lens fiber cell organization while the NMIIA‐D1424N mutant proteins disrupt fiber cell organization and packing. Our work demonstrates that disease‐related NMIIA rod domain mutations (D1424N or E1841K) disrupt mouse lens fiber cell morphogenesis and differentiation.
Reactive Eutectic Media for Lignocellulosic Biomass Fractionation
Authors: Schneider Helen , Doskaliuk Nataliia , Buchner Ella , Antonietti Markus , Filonenko Svitlana
Published: March 2024

This study introduces an alternative approach towards lignocellulosic biomass fractionation. For this purpose, reactive eutectic media (REM) based on ammonium formate and different organic acids are investigated, possible products are identified, and the REM are employed for lignin extraction and terminal isolation of cellulose pulp from beech wood. The method promises a considerable process intensification by simultaneous separation of high purity cellulose pulp, lignin isolation as a cationically modified species, and production of value‐added chemicals from reaction products of the REM. This study puts a further focus on the generated cellulose pulp and investigates it with respect to surface charge and fiber length.
Reliability of a clinical sensory test battery in patients with spine‐related leg and arm pain
Authors: Bender Cedric , Karstens Sven , Muth Fabian , Baskozos Georgios , Schmid Annina B.
Published: March 2024

Background

The current standard to evaluate the presence of somatosensory dysfunctions is quantitative sensory testing, but its clinical utility remains limited. Low‐cost and time‐efficient clinical sensory testing (CST) batteries have thus been developed. Recent studies show moderate to substantial reliability in populations with neuropathic pain. This study evaluates the inter‐ and intra‐tester reliability of people with spine‐related leg and arm pain, representing mixed pain mechanisms.

Methods

Fifty‐three patients with spine‐related leg (n = 41) and arm pain (n = 12) attended three CST sessions. The CST battery consisted of eleven tests, determining loss and gain of sensory nerve function. CST was performed by the same investigator twice and by an additional investigator to determine inter‐ and intra‐tester reliability. Fleiss' (inter‐tester) and Cohen's (intra‐tester) kappa were calculated for dichotomized and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for continuous outcomes.

Results

Fleiss' kappa varied among modalities from fair to substantial (κ = 0.23–0.66). Cold, warm, and vibration detection thresholds and cold and pressure pain thresholds reached kappa >0.4 (moderate to substantial reliability). Cohen's kappa ranged from moderate to substantial (κ = 0.45–0.66). The reliability of the windup ratio was poor (ICC <0.18).

Conclusion

CST modalities with moderate to substantial inter‐tester reliability could be of benefit as a screening tool. The moderate to substantial intra‐tester reliability for all sensory modalities (except windup ratio) supports their potential use in clinical practice and research to monitor somatosensory changes over time in patients with spine‐related limb pain of mixed pain mechanisms.

Significance

We already know that most modalities of clinical sensory test (CST) batteries achieve moderate to substantial inter‐ and intra‐tester reliability in populations with neuropathic pain.

This study evaluates the reliability of a CST battery in populations with mixed pain mechanisms. We found inter‐tester reliability varied from poor to substantial for sensory modalities, questioning the value of some CST modalities. The CST battery showed moderate to substantial intra‐tester reliability, suggesting its usefulness to monitor sensory changes over time in this cohort.
Wholegrain triticale sourdough: Effects of triticale:Wheat flour ratio and hydration level on bread quality
Authors: Messina Valeria , Cano Jason , Silvio Anthony , Pattison Angela L. , Roberts Thomas H.
Published: March 2024

Triticale (×Triticosecale) is a hybrid between wheat (Triticum spp.) and rye (Secale cereale), producing higher grain yields than wheat in challenging environments. Triticale grain is also highly nutritious. Thus, the potential of triticale grain for an expanded range of food applications should be explored. Sourdough bread has unique functional and nutritional properties, but understanding the effects of partial substitution of triticale for wheat flour and varying levels of dough moisture content on sourdough quality requires further research. The aim of this study was to evaluate the wholegrain flour of contrasting triticale cultivars in comparison to that of a common wheat cultivar in commercial sourdough breadmaking. Two triticale cultivars (Goanna and Hawkeye, selected from a panel of Australian genotypes) and one wheat cultivar (Scout) were grown in a field trial in northern NSW, Australia. Differences in quantitative texture and color parameters of the dough and sourdough bread resulting from (1) substitution of commercial wholemeal wheat flour with different proportions of wholegrain triticale or wholegrain wheat (Scout) flour (0%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%) and (2) varying the amount of water included in the dough preparation (70%, 80%, 90%, and 100 g water/100 g flour) were determined. Replacement of wholemeal wheat flour with 60% wholegrain Goanna flour (protein content 12.76%; c.f. 11.50% for Hawkeye, 12.40% for Scout), and addition of 100 g water/100 g flour in the dough preparation gave the highest quality sourdough bread based on specific volume, texture, and color parameters and had similar properties to the control made from wheat alone.
In vivo anti‐Salmonella properties of aqueous extract of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus indica) cladode, hepatological and toxicological evaluation
Authors: Iftikhar Khansa , Siddique Farzana , Ameer Kashif , Arshad Muhammad , Kharal Sadia , Mohamed Ahmed Isam A. , Khalid Shakila
Published: March 2024

The present study aimed to evaluate antidiarrheal potential of prickly pear cladode and its hepatoprotective role in different groups of diarrhea‐induced mice. Mice received cefixime (4 mg/kg of bw) and different concentrations of aqueous cladode extract (250 mg/kg of bw, 500 mg/kg of bw and 1000 mg/kg of bw). Feces Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430 was used to assess antidiarrheal potential and hematological, biochemical parameters, and histopathological analyses were carried out for 17 days. The results showed that administration of Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430 in mice produced liver injuries with histological damage, whereas 1000 mg/kg of bw cladode extract reduced the Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430 load of feces earlier as compared to the other groups during 17 days. Hematological parameters, like red blood cells (RBCs) (6.19 ± 1.85 × 106/mm3) and hemoglobin (Hb) (10.06 ± 2.03 g/dL), of negative control group decreased, while white blood cells (WBCs) (13.46 × 106/mm3) increased from reference values. In lipid profile, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) (9.0 ± 2.41 mg/dL), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) (6.07 ± 2.45 mg/dL) and total cholesterol (TC) (35.22 ± 8.29 mg/dL) of negative control group decreased, while triglycerides (TG) (168.35 ± 71.75 mg/dL) increased from reference values. Alanine transferase (ALT) (60.30 ± 20.33 IU/L), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (359.9 ± 100.05 IU/L) and aspartate transferase (AST) (168.77 ± 66.61 IU/L) of negative control group increased from reference values. Urea (27.36 ± 10.54 mmol/L) and creatinine (35.29 ± 12.15 mmol/L) of the negative control group increased. Cefixime also ameliorated injuries due to the administration of Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430. Conclusively, these findings indicated that pure aqueous extract of cladode showed more promising results regarding antidiarrheal potential. Hence, cladode might be used in food and supplement formulations as a functional ingredient.
Can Trichoderma harzianum be used to enhance the yield and nutrient uptake of Lactuca sativa cv “Lollo Rosso” in floating systems?
Authors: Shabani Edris , Alemzadeh Ansari Naser , Fayezizadeh Mohammad Reza , Caser Matteo
Published: March 2024

An experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of Trichoderma harzianum MVT801 combined with different ratios of nutrient solution (NR) (25%, 50%, and 100%) on the growth and physiological traits of Lactuca sativa “Lollo Rosso” plants cultivated in floating systems. Inoculation of lettuce plants with T. harzianum MVT801 (T1) in a floating system improves biometric properties, photosynthetic parameters, and nutrient uptake compared with uninoculated treatment (T0). The results clearly showed that in T1, despite a 50% reduction in the ratio of nutrient solution, no significant difference was observed in the growth and photosynthesis characteristics and nutrient uptake in L. sativa “Lollo Rosso” leaves compared with a complete nutrient solution treatment (100%), which is one of the notable results of this study. In this regard, the highest yield was observed in T1NR50 (inoculated with fungi and 50% of the nutrient solution) and T1NR100 (inoculated with fungi and complete nutrient solution) treatments. Also, the highest concentrations of phosphorus and potassium in “Lollo Rosso” leaves were observed in T1NR50 and T1NR100 treatments. Accordingly, the use of T. harzianum in floating lettuce cultivation could be recommended to increase crop productivity and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers.
Pregnant women's dietary patterns and knowledge of gestational weight gain: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Dikgale Busisiwe , Dlakavu Fuziwe , Masenge Andries , De Gouveia Slava , Adam Sumaiya
Published: March 2024

Objective

Excess gestational weight gain (GWG) is a risk factor for various unfavorable maternal and neonatal outcomes that may be preventable. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle while pregnant can help prevent uncontrollable weight gain. The aim of this study was to assess pregnant women's knowledge on weight, GWG, diet, and knowledge of obesity‐related complications among women who seek care at our semi‐urban, regional setting.

Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted at the prenatal clinic at Kalafong Academic Hospital. Prospective participants completed a questionnaire on their perception of GWG, attitudes toward GWG, knowledge of GWG, associated complications of obesity, and food choices. Data analysis was performed using SAS version 9.4.

Results

The majority of the 500 individuals were overweight or obese prior to pregnancy. By the end of the third trimester, this increased by 10.1% (n = 420; 86.1%). Nearly half (n = 240; 48.78%) of the overweight and obese women underestimated their weight. Only 26.53% (n = 26) of women who checked their body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) gained weight according to recommendations. However, less than half (n = 96; 30.5%) gained weight within the recommended range, despite the fact that the majority of them (n = 315; 64%) were aware of the harmful effects of obesity on the cardiovascular system and the effects of high calories on weight gain (n = 321; 65%).

Conclusion

Despite basic knowledge of the impact of high‐caloric intake on weight gain and cardiovascular complications, less than half of the study population gained weight within the recommended range.
Hours worked and the US distribution of real annual earnings 1976–2019
Authors: Fernández‐Val Iván , van Vuuren Aico , Vella Francis , Peracchi Franco
Published: March 2024

We examine the impact of annual hours worked on annual earnings by decomposing changes in the real annual earnings distribution into composition, structural, and hours effects. We do so via a nonseparable simultaneous model of hours, wages, and earnings. Using the Current Population Survey for the survey years 1976–2019, we find that changes in the female distribution of annual hours of work are important in explaining movements in inequality in female annual earnings. This captures the substantial changes in their employment behavior over this period. Movements in the male hours' distribution only affect the lower part of their earnings distribution and reflect the sensitivity of these workers' annual hours of work to cyclical factors.