bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Effects of Probiotics and Phytobiotics on the Intestinal Microbiota in Young Broiler Chicken
Authors: Ren Hao , Vahjen Wilfried , Dadi Temesgen , Saliu Eva-Maria , Boroojeni Farshad Goodarzi , Zentek Jürgen
Published: December 2019

Probiotics and phytobiotics have been studied as in-feed antibiotic alternatives for decades, yet there are no studies on their possible symbiotic effects. In the present study, newly hatched chickens were fed with feeds supplemented either with host-specific Lactobacillus strains (L. agilis and L. salivarius), commercial phytobiotics, or combinations of both. After 13 days of life, crops and caecums were analyzed for bacterial composition (16S rDNA sequencing, qPCR) and activity (bacterial metabolites). Crop and caecum samples were also used to study the ex vivo survival of a broiler-derived extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli strain. In the crop, combinations of probiotics and phytobiotics, but not their single application, increased the dominance of lactobacilli. The single application of phytobiotics reduced the metabolite concentrations in the crop, but certain combinations synergistically upregulated the metabolites. Changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the caecal microbiota were less pronounced than in the crop. Acetate concentrations were significantly lower for phytobiotics or the L. agilis probiotic strain compared to the control group, but the L. salivarius probiotic showed significantly higher acetate concentrations alone or in combination with one phytobiotic. The synergistic effects on the reduction of the ex vivo survival of an ESBL producing E. coli strain in crop or caecum contents were also observed for most combinations. This study shows the beneficial synergistic effects of probiotics and phytobiotics on the intestinal bacterial composition and their metabolic activity in young broilers. The reduced survival of potentially problematic bacteria, such as ESBL-producing E. coli further indicates that combinations of probiotics and phytobiotics may lead to a more enhanced functionality than their individual supplementation.
Preservation, Characterization and Exploitation of Microbial Biodiversity: The Perspective of the Italian Network of Culture Collections
Authors: De Vero Luciana , Boniotti Maria Beatrice , Budroni Marilena , Buzzini Pietro , Cassanelli Stefano , Comunian Roberta , Gullo Maria , Logrieco Antonio F. , Mannazzu Ilaria , Musumeci Rosario , Perugini Iolanda , Perrone Giancarlo , Pulvirenti Andrea , Romano Paolo , Turchetti Benedetta , Varese Giovanna Cristina
Published: December 2019

Microorganisms represent most of the biodiversity of living organisms in every ecological habitat. They have profound effects on the functioning of any ecosystem, and therefore on the health of our planet and of human beings. Moreover, microorganisms are the main protagonists in food, medical and biotech industries, and have several environmental applications. Accordingly, the characterization and preservation of microbial biodiversity are essential not only for the maintenance of natural ecosystems but also for research purposes and biotechnological exploitation. In this context, culture collections (CCs) and microbial biological resource centres (mBRCs) are crucial for the safeguarding and circulation of biological resources, as well as for the progress of life sciences. This review deals with the expertise and services of CCs, in particular concerning preservation and characterization of microbial resources, by pointing to the advanced approaches applied to investigate a huge reservoir of microorganisms. Data sharing and web services as well as the tight interconnection between CCs and the biotechnological industry are highlighted. In addition, guidelines and regulations related to quality management systems (QMSs), biosafety and biosecurity issues are discussed according to the perspectives of CCs and mBRCs.
Ionic Liquid-Modulated Synthesis of Porous Worm-Like Gold with Strong SERS Response and Superior Catalytic Activities
Authors: Yao Kaisheng , Wang Nan , Li Zhiyong , Lu Weiwei , Wang Jianji
Published: December 2019

Porous gold with well-defined shape and size have aroused extensive research enthusiasm due to their prominent properties in various applications. However, it is still a great challenge to explore a simple, green, and low-cost route to fabricate porous gold with a “clean” surface. In this work, porous worm-like Au has been easily synthesized in a one-step procedure from aqueous solution at room temperature under the action of ionic liquid tetrapropylammonium glycine ([N3333][Gly]). It is shown that the as-prepared porous worm-like Au has the length from 0.3 to 0.6 μm and the width of approximately 100–150 nm, and it is composed of lots of small nanoparticles about 6–12 nm in diameter. With rhodamine 6G (R6G) as a probe molecule, porous worm-like Au displays remarkable surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensitivity (detection limit is lower than 10−13 M), and extremely high reproducibility (average relative standard deviations is less than 2%). At the same time, owing to significantly high specific surface area, various pore sizes and plenty of crystal defects, porous worm-like Au also exhibits excellent catalytic performance in the reduction of nitroaromatics, such as p-nitrophenol and p-nitroaniline, which can be completely converted within only 100 s and 150 s, respectively. It is expected that the as-prepared porous worm-like Au with porous and self-supported structures will also present the encouraging advances in electrocatalysis, sensing, and many others.
Optical Properties of Alkali Halides in Ultraviolet Spectral Regions
Authors: Bhandari Khagendra  P.
Published: December 2019

The optical reflectance spectra of alkali halide crystals KI and RbI were measured over the energy range of 4.14 to 6.91 eV. Both single crystal and poly-crystal samples were used to accomplish this task. The phase θ ( ω ) was computed using the Kramers-Kronig relation between the real and imaginary parts of the complex function, ln r = ln | r | + i θ ( ω ) . Subsequently, the optical constants n and κ were determined from the Fresnel reflectivity equation. The real and imaginary parts of dielectric constants ε 1 and ε 2 were then calculated using n and κ. The optical absorption spectra of the crystal have also been measured in these spectral regions. The spectra agree reasonably well with the current theory concerning exciton peaks. In addition, a shoulder was found in the spectra similar to those previously seen and associated with the band-to-band transition in the alkali iodides.
Improving Center Vortex Detection by Usage of Center Regions as Guidance for the Direct Maximal Center Gauge
Authors: Golubich Rudolf , Faber Manfried
Published: December 2019

The center vortex model of quantum chromodynamic states that vortices, a closed color-magnetic flux, percolate the vacuum. Vortices are seen as the relevant excitations of the vacuum, causing confinement and dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. In an appropriate gauge, as direct maximal center gauge, vortices are detected by projecting onto the center degrees of freedom. Such gauges suffer from Gribov copy problems: different local maxima of the corresponding gauge functional can result in different predictions of the string tension. By using nontrivial center regions—that is, regions whose boundary evaluates to a nontrivial center element—a resolution of this issue seems possible. We use such nontrivial center regions to guide simulated annealing procedures, preventing an underestimation of the string tension in order to resolve the Gribov copy problem.
Exploring Cosmic Matter in the Laboratory—The Compressed Baryonic Matter Experiment at FAIR
Authors: Senger Peter
Published: December 2019

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment is one of four scientific pillars of the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt. In collisions between heavy nuclei at FAIR energies, it is expected that the matter in the reaction zone is compressed to more than five times saturation density, corresponding to the density in the core of a massive neutron star. This offers the unique opportunity to study in the laboratory the high-density equation-of-state (EOS) of nuclear matter, and to search for new phases of Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD) matter at large baryon-chemical potentials. Promising experimental observables sensitive to the EOS and to possible phase transitions will be discussed, together with a brief description of the CBM experiment.
‘Mirrored in God’: Gramsci, Religion and Dalit Women Subalterns in South India
Authors: Kapadia Karin
Published: December 2019

The Tamil Dalit Pentecostal conversion movement that has been active in Chennai’s slums and low-income settlements for the last four decades is also a political movement. It is, moreover, a women’s political movement. Normally both Dalits and women are ignored in India, they are considered people of no importance and irrelevant to the issues that grab the headlines. But it is important for us to recognize both the political nature and the importance of this Dalit women’s conversion movement, because we are at a time of great peril in India, where, as elsewhere, populist nationalism has swept an authoritarian leader to power and the fascist tendencies of an overbearing state are becoming increasingly obvious. In such a context Gramsci’s theorizations provide important suggestions for how to understand religio-cultural movements as political movements and how to evaluate both their importance and what they can teach us about the possibilities for religio-cultural-political resistance to authoritarian populism, and the crucial importance of low-income, low-status women in political processes of grassroots resistance.
Editorial for Special Issue: “Remote Sensing for Urban Morphology”
Authors: Mesev Victor
Published: December 2019

Remote sensing remains critical for measuring the rate of growth of cities around the world, particularly the rapidly expanding cities in economically developing countries [...]
Up-down Taper Based In-Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for Liquid Refractive Index Sensing
Authors: Han Xiaopeng , Liu Chunyu , Jiang Shengxu , Leng Shuo , Yang Jiuru
Published: December 2019

A novel in-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on cascaded up-down-taper (UDT) structure is proposed by sandwiching a piece of polarization maintaining fiber between two single-mode fibers (SMF) and by utilizing over-fusion splicing method. The dual up tapers respectively act as fiber splitter/combiner, the down taper acts as an optical attenuator. The structure parameters are analyzed and optimized. A larger interference fringe extinction ratio ~15 dB is obtained to achieve refractive index (RI) sensing based on intensity demodulation. The experimental results show that the RI sensitivity is −310.40 dB/RIU with the linearity is improved to 0.99 in the range of 1.3164–1.3444. The corresponding resolution can reach 3.22 × 10−5 RIU, which is 6.8 times higher than wavelength demodulation. The cross sensitivity which caused by temperature fluctuation is less than 1.4 × 10−4.
On-Line Mixture Quantification to Track Temporal Change of Composition Using FAIMS
Authors: Yokoshiki Yasufumi , Nakamoto Takamichi
Published: December 2019

This paper reports on-line mixture quantification with FAIMS. Ternary gas mixtures composed of acetone, ethanol, and diethyl ether were used for quantification. We succeeded in an on-line quantification of ppm-level concentration and even sub-ppm-level gases using the gradient descent method. It took 10 minutes to quantify the ternary mixture. However, it was too long, because we aim to track the temporal change of each component concentration in the mixture. Then, an algorithm based on feedback control was introduced to reduce the quantification time. The feedback method successfully tracked concentrations in three cases. The simulation result shows that the proposed method can reduce the quantification time.
Random Telegraph Noises from the Source Follower, the Photodiode Dark Current, and the Gate-Induced Sense Node Leakage in CMOS Image Sensors
Authors: Chao Calvin Yi-Ping , Yeh Shang-Fu , Wu Meng-Hsu , Chou Kuo-Yu , Tu Honyih , Lee Chih-Lin , Yin Chin , Paillet Philippe , Goiffon Vincent
Published: December 2019

In this paper we present a systematic approach to sort out different types of random telegraph noises (RTN) in CMOS image sensors (CIS) by examining their dependencies on the transfer gate off-voltage, the reset gate off-voltage, the photodiode integration time, and the sense node charge retention time. Besides the well-known source follower RTN, we have identified the RTN caused by varying photodiode dark current, transfer-gate and reset-gate induced sense node leakage. These four types of RTN and the dark signal shot noises dominate the noise distribution tails of CIS and non-CIS chips under test, either with or without X-ray irradiation. The effect of correlated multiple sampling (CMS) on noise reduction is studied and a theoretical model is developed to account for the measurement results.
Low Energy Pulsed Laser Excitation in UV Enhances the Gas Sensing Capacity of Photoluminescent ZnO Nanohybrids
Authors: Klini Argyro , Androulidaki Maria , Anglos Demetrios
Published: December 2019

Nanohybrids, composed of luminescent zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles dispersed in an inert polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix, exhibit an excellent ability to follow changes in the type and composition of their surrounding atmosphere. These changes are found to affect the UV photoluminescence (PL) emission of the ZnO-PDMS hybrids measured at room temperature. The influence of irradiation parameters, such as excitation intensity and wavelength, on the response of the ZnO-PDMS sensor against ethanol and oxygen, have been systematically investigated in a comparative study performed employing pulsed excitation at 248 and 355 nm. This study represents the first demonstration that the sensing performance of the PL-based ZnO sensors can be optimized by tuning the excitation parameters and it particularly illustrates that maintaining a low pump energy density is crucial for enhancing the sensitivity of the sensor achieving response values approaching 100%.
Method for Selecting the Safety Integrity Level for the Control-Command and Signaling Functions
Authors: Szmel Dariusz , Zabłocki Wiesław , Ilczuk Przemysław , Kochan Andrzej
Published: December 2019

The purpose of the article is to present selected method of risk assessment of railway control and signaling systems, including current normative and legal bases, such as directives and regulations that regulate the interoperability and safety of the railway system. Selected methods used at the initial stage of creating safety requirements and referring to the initial definition of the system defined at a high level of abstraction are considered. Issues of holistic approach and residual risk management are also discussed. Risk models are presented as well as individual steps of risk analysis, evaluation, and assessment, including hazard identification, impact analysis, and selection of the risk acceptance principle. Selected model based on hazard and operability studies (HAZOP) and an adapted risk graph was applied to the real signalling equipment. The key aspect undertaken in the article is the proposal to set quantitative safety objectives based on the safety integrity level/tolerable hazard rate (SIL/THR) indicator, as an important parameter in further analysis of the system, especially in computer applications. The result of study showed that application of proposed combination HAZOP and adapted risk graph method are efficient and suitable for a railway signalling application. The results and conclusion are presented in Chapters 4 and 6 of the article.
Digital Watermarking Image Compression Method Based on Symmetric Encryption Algorithms
Authors: Tan Yanli , Zhao Yongqiang
Published: December 2019

A digital watermarking image compression method based on symmetrical encryption algorithm is proposed in this study. First, the original image and scrambled watermarking image are processed by wavelet transform, and then the watermarking image processed by the Arnold replacement method is transformed into a meaningless image in the time domain to achieve the effect of encryption. Watermarking is generated by embedding the watermarking image into the important coefficients of the wavelet transform. As an inverse process of watermarking embedding, watermarking extraction needs to be reconstructed by the wavelet transform. Finally, the watermarking is extracted from the inverse scrambled watermarking image, and a new symmetrically encrypted digital watermarking image is obtained. The compression method compresses the embedded digital watermarking image, so that the volume of the compressed watermarking image is greatly reduced when the visual difference is very small. The experimental results show that the watermarking image encrypted by this method not only has good transparency, but also has strong anti-brightness/contrast attack, anti-shearing, and anti-noise performance. When the volume of the compressed image is greatly reduced, the root mean square error and visual difference measurement of the watermarking image are very small.
Cities And Peripheral Areas In The Ancient Word
Authors: Beatriz Borba Florenzano Maria
Published: December 2019

The interview with Professor Maria Beatriz Borba Florenzano of the Museum of Archeology and Ethnology of the University of São Paulo (MAE-USP), discusses the professional and academic career and the transition of her object of study made between numismatics and the ancient city. The interview highlights the history and importance of the Labeca laboratory in achieving the research objectives. The interview also focuses on the new perspectives and contributions of history and archeology that reveal the complexity and diversity of ancient Greek cities, beyond Athenocentrism and concepts of polis, city-state, colony and periphery. Finally, Maria Beatriz Borba Florenzano considers the relationship and importance of these debates in contemporary Brazil, also speaking also about the reception of the MAE exhibition “A Pólis: viver na cidade grega”.
Globalizando a Idade do Ferro mediterrânea
Authors: Hodos Tamar
Published: December 2019

A Idade do Ferro Mediterrânea (c. 1200-600 AEC) foi um dos seus períodos mais dinâmicos.  Embora não tenha sido a primeira era na qual seus habitantes trocaram bens, ideias, valores, costumes, práticas e tecnologias, a escala foi sem precedentes. Em grande parte, o período é caracterizado por assentamentos gregos e fenícios ao redor de todo o mar, facilitando uma comunicação frequente e ampla. O impacto a longo prazo foi a criação do primeiro período globalmente conectado do Mediterrâneo. Entretanto, uma era globalizada nem sempre foi a narrativa apresentada pelos estudiosos. O presente capítulo começa definindo globalização e avaliando oito tendências fundamentais que ocorrem na globalização contemporânea. Depois, ele esboça a Idade do Ferro Mediterrânea e a nossa história acadêmica na interpretação dos movimentos coloniais gregos e fenícios, de perspectivas colonialistas até pós-coloniais. Finalmente, ele explora como as teorias de globalização contemporâneas podem transformar a nossa compreensão desta época culturalmente complexa e socialmente vibrante.
Muito antes de Ai-Khanoum: a representação historiográfica da Báctria helenística nas Lições de História Antiga de Barthold Niebuhr
Authors: Morales Fábio Augusto , Colombo Reghin Santiago
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo trata das representações historiográficas da Báctria helenística nas Lições de História Antiga de Barthold Niebuhr, ministradas na Universidade de Bonn na década de 1820 e publicadas em alemão e inglês na década de 1850. Após um panorama do quadro atual das pesquisas sobre a Báctria Helenística, revolucionado pelas escavações francesas nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, o artigo explora o modo como Niebuhr, diante de um então pouco documentado objeto histórico, articula crítica documental, raciocínio demográfico, moral e racial, e os debates políticos contemporâneos. O artigo conclui com uma síntese da discussão, defendendo a necessidade da historicização das sínteses historiográficastanto do século XIX quanto as atuais, especialmente no contexto da História Global.
Las Khárites : En torno al poder femenino. Saber y linaje
Authors: Colombani Maria Cecilia
Published: December 2019

El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar la función del discurso mítico en la obra hesiódica como un operador que instituye un universo de sentido que se encuentra entre el mito. Nuestra hipótesis es que en la obra hesiódica se encuentran ciertas imágenes-conceptuales, principalmente las del linaje, que definen el campo de lo Mismo y de lo Otro. En este marco pretendemos analizar la figura de las Khárites asociada a la de las Musas como potencias religiosas para leer formas del poder femenino a partir de un determinado tipo de saber que se despliega en ambos colectivos.
Between THe aacient and the modern world: war and community in Max Weber’s city typology
Authors: Moerbeck Guilherme
Published: December 2019

Economy and Society, one of the most influential oeuvres of the early twentieth century, with impact in several branches of the Human Sciences, has in one of its parts a text of particular interest to researchers of Ancient History, the Typology of Cities. Although Max Weber’s significant aims in composing his text were, blatantly, to evaluate the contemporary world, the density of the Weberian text, the fruit of a unique erudition, revealed an in-depth and singular analysis of the ancient Greek city. The purpose of this article is to analyze Weber’s interpretive choices, in the light of historiographical criticism and a careful analysis of the Typology, in articular as regards the ideal types which he made to understand the city of the ancient Greeks.
Estratificações sociais na África Antiga: desempenhos e estagnações
Authors: Diouf Benjamin
Published: December 2019

As sociedades africanas tiveram organizações que evoluíram e se mantiveram a despeito do tempo que nos separa da Antiguidade. Entre elas, temos as castas, que são, para alguns, um absurdo que é precisoabandonar sem procurar entendê-las. No entanto, elas podem nos esclarecer sobre o funcionamento de nossa sociedade e sua evolução. As castas são uma estratificação social estabelecida e baseada nas atividades profissionais, nos ofícios. Foi no antigo Egito que elas foram profissionalizadas e herdadas. Ao longo do tempo, a religião e a lei começam a intervir no sistema de castas para nelas introduzir a endogamia, a hierarquia e o desprezo tal observamos hoje entre algumas etnias africanas.
RUBIERA CANCELAS, CARLA. LA ESCLAVITUD FEMENINA EN LA ROMA ANTIGUA. FAMULAE, ANCILLAE ET SERUAE (COLECCIÓN DEMÉTER). OVIEDO: EDICIONES TRABE, 2014. 302 P. ISBN: 978-84-8053-777-3
Authors: N. Silva Filipe
Published: December 2019

RUBIERA CANCELAS, CARLA. LA ESCLAVITUD FEMENINA EN LA ROMA ANTIGUA. FAMULAE, ANCILLAE ET SERUAE (COLECCIÓN DEMÉTER). OVIEDO: EDICIONES TRABE, 2014. 302 P. ISBN: 978-84-8053-777-3
Présentation et inventaire des archives de Joseph Vendryes au Collège de France
Authors: Testenoire Pierre-Yves
Published: December 2019

Les archives privées de Joseph Vendryes (1875-1960) conservées au Collège de France constituent une source importante pour l’histoire de la linguistique et des études celtiques en France. Classé depuis peu, ce fonds d’archives contient des notes de travail du savant sur les langues celtiques datant de la fin du XIXe siècle à 1960. Cet article constitue une introduction à la lecture de ces archives : il donne une esquisse de leur histoire et présente leurs principales spécificités. L’inventaire du fonds Joseph Vendryes, publié dans cet article, permet aux chercheurs intéressés de s’orienter parmi ces documents.
ASSESSMENT OF SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF SUBMERGED FLOATING TUNNEL UNDER MULTI-SUPPORT SEISMIC EXCITATIONS
Authors: Muhammad Naik , Mandokhai Saeed Ullah Jan , Baloch Zafar , Habib Muhammad , Sadiq Shamsher
Published: December 2019

Submerged floating tunnel (SFT) is an innovative structural solution for the transportation infrastructure through sea straits, fjords, and inland waters and is an economical alternative to the long-span cable-supported bridge, immersed tunnel, or underground tunnel. An SFT is a massive cylindrical structure that floats at a certain depth below the water surface and subjected to extreme environmental conditions, such as waves, tsunamis and earthquakes. The seismic assessment of SFT supported by mooring cables, under multi-support seismic excitations needs to be evaluated in more detail. The time domain dynamic problem of SFT moored by inclined mooring cables/anchors is formulated and the geometric non-linear dynamic analysis of SFT subjected to hydrodynamic and seismic excitations is performed in this paper. The prototype of SFT to be constructed in Qindao Lake of China is analysed under multi-support seismic excitations. It was found that due to the fluid environment and flexible cables the effective seismic forces are dissipated well and SFT is stable under the spectrum compatible ground motions. However, the lateral component of seismic excitations produce larger responses compared to longitudinal one and may be critical for other case studies.
SEISMIC CAPACITY OF MEDIUM SIZE CONTINUOUS BRIDGES WITH LEAD-RUBBER BEARINGS
Authors: Olmos Bertha , Jara José , Fabián José Luis
Published: December 2019

This paper investigates the effects of the nonlinear behaviour of isolation pads on the seismic capacity of bridges to identify the parameters of base isolation systems that can be used to improve seismic performance of bridges. A parametric study was conducted by designing a set of bridges for three different soil types and varying the number of spans, span lengths, and pier heights. The seismic responses (acceleration, displacement and pier seismic forces) were evaluated for two structural models. The first model corresponded to the bridges supported on elastomeric bearings with linear elastic behaviour and the second model simulated a base isolated bridge that accounts for the nonlinear behaviour of the system. The seismic demand was represented with a group of twelve real accelerograms recorded on the subduction zone on the Pacific Coast of Mexico. The nonlinear responses under different damage scenarios for the bridges included in the presented study were estimated. These results allow determining the seismic capacity of the bridges with and without base isolation. Results show clearly the importance of considering the nonlinear behaviour on the seismic performance of bridges and the influence of base isolation on the seismic vulnerability of medium size bridges.
ON THE PROBLEM OF THE CATEGORY OF CLUSIVITY IN THE UDMURT LANGUAGE
Authors: Maksimov Sergey Anatolyevich
Published: December 2019

The paper demonstrates the existence of an inclusive-exclusive distinction in the pronominal forms of the Udmurt language which exhibits two forms of plural first person - ми and асьмеос. The pronoun ми ‘we’ is exclusive as it is used when the addressee or addressees are excluded from the set of referents which also contains the speaker, in other words, ми ‘we’ = I + he / she / they , i. e. ‘speaker and other(s)’. The pronoun асьмеос ‘we’ is inclusive, as it is used when the addressee or addressees are included in the group of the speaker, i. e. асьмеос ‘we’ = I + youSG / PL. The Udmurt language is probably the only language in Europe, which has the opposition of the pronouns of ‘we’ inclusivity and ‘we’ exclusivity. It is noteworthy that an inclusive form has appeared in the Yiddish idiom spoken in Udmurtia under the influence of the Udmurt language.
WOMEN OF THE MARI ASSR ON THE FRONTS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
Authors: Ivanov Ananias Gerasimovich , Filonova Alina Borisovna
Published: December 2019

The article discusses the exploits of the women of the Mari ASSR on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). Particular attention is drawn to their participation in various military units. Concrete examples of the heroism of female snipers, scouts, partisans, pilots are cited, the importance of the task of establishing communications between military units, groups and subunits is noted. It is reported that a significant number of the female population from the Mari Republic assisted the active army, working as nurses and medics. During the Great Patriotic War, they saved the lives of thousands of soldiers of the Red Army, providing them with medical care in hospitals and in a timely manner removing wounded soldiers from the battlefield. Emphasis is placed on the patriotism and dedication of women, who overcame fear in the front and almost on a par with the men who defended the country from the onslaught of German troops. It is indicated that most of them went to the front on a voluntary basis. Already in the first days of the war, numerous applications came to the military registration and enlistment offices of the republic with a request to send them to the front. Women of the Mari ASSR responsibly approached the training of various military specialties and showed results directly at the front. It is emphasized that most of the women who had fought heroically died during the execution of the most important combat missions and were posthumously awarded high awards. The author focuses on the indisputable contribution of women of the Mari ASSR to the Victory during the Great Patriotic War.
Hubungan antara Karakteristik Pasien dan Terapi terhadap Nilai Retensi di RSJ Menur Surabaya
Authors: Diasari Arifani Siswi , Prayitno Setiadi Antonius Adji , Nurmayanti Lila
Published: December 2019

Program terapi rumatan metadon (PTRM) merupakan salah satu upaya pemerintah untuk menangani penyalahgunaan narkotika, psikotropika, dan zat adiktif lainnya (NAPZA) di Indonesia. Parameter keberhasilan PTRM dapat dilihat dari nilai retensi yang merupakan lamanya pasien didalam menjalani terapi rumatan metadon setelah mendapatkan terapi stabilisasi (pemberian metadon selama 6 minggu atau 42 hari). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik pasien dan terapi terhadap nilai retensi pada PTRM di RSJ Menur Surabaya. Penelitian dengan rancangan cross-sectional ini dilakukan secara retrospektif dengan melihat data rekam medis pasien pecandu NAPZA. Penelitian ini melibatkan 41 subyek yang telah dipilih secaraconsecutive sampling. Data karakteristik pasien dan terapi dianalisis secara deskriptif dan hubungan variabel dengan nilai retensi dianalisis menggunakan korelasi Spearman.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai retensi pada 6 bulan (4,9%), 9 bulan (12,2%), 12 bulan (19,5%), 24 bulan (26,8%), 36 bulan (26,8%), 48 bulan (4,9%) dan 60 bulan (4,9%). Berdasarkan korelasi Spearman, dosis rumatan terkecil merupakan variabel yang menunjukkan korelasi yang signifikan terhadap nilai retensi (p=0,036 dengan korelasi cukup r=-0,328). Oleh sebab itu, pemilihan dosis terkecil pada pasien yang menjalani terapi rumatan metadon perlu menjadi perhatian khusus untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan PTRM, yang dalam penelitian ini ditunjukkan dari nilai retensi.
Separation Selectivity of Isoniazid and Asetilisoniazid in Human Plasma In-vitro by High Performance Chromatography
Authors: Yantih Novi , Harahap Yahdiana , Sumaryono Wahono , Setiabudy Rianto , Rahayu Lestari
Published: December 2019

Bioanalysis method is needed to pharmacokinetic study of INH as antituberculosis. The main problem is INH structure is similar to that of acetyl isoniazid (AcINH) as its metabolite. Therefore, a selective separation method is needed to separate the INH from its metabolite and matrix. The aim of this study was to test the selectivity of separation method of INH and AcINH in human plasma in-vitro by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC system used a reversed phase with UV detector and hexane sulphonate as an ion counter. The optimum conditions was obtained by using C18 as stationary phase, hexane sulphonate (pH 2.47)-methanol (65:35) as mobile phase, with flow rate of 1mL/min, and UV detector at wavelength of 265nm. The selectivity of method separation was indicated by a resolution value of ≥ 1.5. The tailing factor for INH and AcINH were 1.297, dan 1.912, respectively. The k values ware ​​less than 10 and N values ​​were greater than 5000 indicate good separation efficiency. The developing of HPLC was a selective for separating of INH and AcINH in human plasma in-vitro.
Skrining Virtual dan Elusidasi Moda Ikatan Senyawa dalam Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum L.) sebagai Penghambat Reseptor Advanced Glycation end Products
Authors: Mulatsari Esti , Mumpuni Esti , Ramadhan Ikhsan
Published: December 2019

Diabetes memiliki dampak jangka panjang seperti aterosklerosis, nefropati, dan retinopati yang disebabkan oleh pembentukan Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs). Penelitian secara in vitro pada ekstrak bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) terhadap aktivitas penghambatan pembentukan AGEs telah banyak dilakukan, namun belum diketahui mekanisme penghambatan dan senyawa apa yang berperan aktif dalam aktivitas penghambatan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan skrining virtual senyawa – senyawa dalam bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) yang aktif menghambat reseptor Advanced Glycation Endproduct sehingga senyawa aktif bisa dipertimbangkan sebagai kandidat senyawa obat. Metode yang digunakan adalah molecular docking dengan software PLANTS, YASARA, MarvinSketch, dan visualisasi ikatan senyawa uji pada asam amino reseptor menggunakan PyMOL, piridoksamin dan aminoguanidin digunakan sebagai kontrol positif inhibitor AGEs. Hasil docking 24 senyawa uji diperoleh tujuh senyawa yang aktif menghambat reseptor 3B75.pdb dan lima senyawa aktif menghambat reseptor 3O3U.pdb. Kandidat senyawa obat terdiri dari senyawa organosulfur, fenol dan flavonoid. Senyawa Ɣ-glutamil-sistein, E-ajoene, Nα-(1-Deoksi-Dfructosa-1-YL)-L-Arginin, Kaempferol-3-o-β-D-glukopiranosa, Iso-rhamnetin-3-o-β-D-glukopiranosa merupakan senyawa – senyawa dalam bawang putih yang memiliki kemampuan menghambat baik reseptor 3B75 maupun 3O3U dengan aktivitas yang lebih baik dari piridoksamin dan aminoguanidin.
In-silico Analysis of Chemical Compounds in Green Tea Working on Activators PPAR-γ as Antiobesity
Authors: Faridah Faridah , Mumpuni Esti , Yunanto Yudha Iswara
Published: December 2019

Teh hijau dikenal banyak memiliki manfaat dan umum digunakan masyarakat sebagai antiobesitas, tetapi senyawa aktif yang berpotensi sebagai antiobesitas. Tujuan penelitian untuk mencari bahwa senyawa kimia yang terdapat dalam tanaman teh hijau mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antiobesitas pada reseptor PPAR-γ. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan cara analisis in silico melalui molecular docking terhadap senyawa yang terdapat dalam tanaman teh hijau untuk mencari senyawa aktif dan memodelkan interaksi senyawa aktif pada reseptor yang berperan sebagai antiobesitas. Software yang digunakan adalah PLANTS, YASARA, ChemSketch, dan Pymol. Mula-mula dilakukan validasi internal pada reseptor PPAR-γ dengan kode 2ATH. Proses docking dilakukan terhadap native ligand, senyawa pembanding dan masing-masing senyawa uji dengan reseptor PPAR-γ yang sama, dan senyawa pembanding yang digunakan sebagai kontrol positif ialah Pioglitazone. Hasil penelitian menunjukan sisi aktif terdapat 3 senyawa aktif dengan sisi aktif ikatan ligan pada reseptor PPAR-γ yaitu ARG288, LYS367, PHE363, HIS323, HIS449, ILE326, MET364, LEU340, CYS285, SER342. Terdapat 3 senyawa aktif yaitu epigalokatekin-3-galat, epikatekin-3-galat dan teaflavin sebagai antiobesitas dengan mekanisme kerja mengaktivasi PPAR-γ.
An Ideology of Client-Oriented Service: Institutional and Commonality-Based Foundations
Authors: Ramsina Snezhana
Published: December 2019

The relevance of studying ideological foundations of service is determined
by the significance of service in the system of social relations at the level of social
commonalities interactions. An institutional regulation of the interaction between
subjects of service requires exploring ways of institutional and commonality–based
development of the participants’ social ties: consumers, representatives of the
business community of the servicing sector and state agencies. Institutional
characteristics of service disclose its links to social processes and reveal the problems
of social interactions between different community subjects.
A sociological approach allows for identifying opportunities for shaping sustainable
service interaction of social commonalities. The study aims to explore institutional
and commonality-based foundations of the ideology of service – the necessity to
create an organizational model of service capable of extending the boundaries of
client-orientation in service interactions is actualized. Based on the tradition of
symbolic interactionism, commonality-driven, institutional, functional, and system
approaches in sociology conditions for forming the social balance of the interests
of service subjects at commonality-based and institutional levels of interaction were
found. A commonality approach complemented by the theory of marketing made it
possible to characterize the nature of the social impact of each service subject on
the substance and forms of interaction.
The social context of shaping relationships between interacting commonalities is
characterized from the perspective of an institutional approach. The ideology of
client-orientedness is able to overcome institutional controversies, provide stability
in the social space of service practices. The focus of servicing business on the
satisfaction of consumer needs defines the advantageous position of the consumer
in market relations of service communality-based triad. Collaboration between
entrepreneurs and the authorities is targeted to the provision of a fulfilling life of
the citizens- the consumer within the framework of state policy and business efforts
in the servicing sector of the economy.
Problem of Mineralogical Tourism Development in the Urals
Authors: Bazarov Evgeny
Published: December 2019

The subject of mineralogical tourism development is particularly relevant
for the Urals region whose rich natural resources make it possible to create an
attractive tourism product. Mineralogical tourism in the Sverdlovsk Oblast is developing
within the car tourism cluster, uniting locations of environmental, active and
cultural & educational tourism.
The goal of this research is studying the process of developing mineralogical tourism
in the Sverdlovsk Oblast and the Urals as a whole. The paper focuses on analyzing
the process of regional program implementation. The research applies comparative
analysis and content analysis of legislation and regulatory documents of the Russian
Federation. Problems of cluster approach implementation in the mineralogical tourism
are analyzed; the experience of developing the regional tourism cluster is studied.
Mineralogical tourism is not properly developing in the Urals due to the effective
legislative restrictions. Private initiative on creating attractive mineralogical tours
and parks is hindered by a ban on the right for independent search for precious
minerals. Programs of developing domestic and inbound tourism provide for creation
of the required infrastructure (communications, service) in the region but do not
develop the actual places of interest for mineralogical tours due to restrictions on
their effective application.
Yekaterinburg is the federal center of the Ural region aspiring to host mega-events
(EXPO 2025, etc.); it needs to present and use region’s recreational resources to
the full extent in the open investment format.
Organization of Student’s Self-Control during Mathematical Classes Delivered Through Information Educational Environment
Authors: Belousova Veronika , Yermakova Galina , Potorochina Ksenia , Chuksina Nataliya , Shestakova Irina
Published: December 2019

Nowadays, tapping the potential of digital educational environment makes
it possible to solve numerous educational problems efficiently; specifically, problems
of organizing diagnostics and control of learning activity’s deliverables. Application
of information technologies changes the perception of ways and means of controlling
students’ performance. This research explores self-control in students’ learning
and educational activity as an integral part of every stage of the process of learning
mathematics. Taking into account the capabilities of using Gipermetod remote
learning system in the academic process at the Ural Federal University, a method
of organizing mathematical training was developed, ensuring students selfassessment
of their readiness for material perception, step-by-step self-control
and self-diagnostics of the final results of material retention.
In Gipermetod remote learning system, a test is considered as the main means of
self-control. Doing this test gives students an opportunity to get quick feedback at
the stage of self-control of learning results. Additionally, testing automation
significantly reduces professors’ workload.
Shaping Applied Mathematical Competences of College Students Using Information Technology
Authors: Kulikova Olga , Knysh Alla
Published: December 2019

Authors of the paper explore the problem of developing applied mathematical
competences of students from an economics college under conditions of
the contemporary digital economy. Individual competences form various systems
of capabilities and manifest themselves at various levels when solving academic
and professional tasks relevant for the individual. Teaching mathematical disciplines
can intentionally develop certain students’ competences. Passive, active and interactive
ways of teaching mathematics and its applied aspects to students create
conditions for developing intellectual competences. Contemporary digital economy
requires the integration of mathematical and computer modeling into a single whole
to solve complex production tasks. Development of production and society in the
twenty first century shapes a certain kind of thinking among students – good perception
of fragments within massive information flows and simultaneously complications
with establishing logical links. Students are currently challenged to create
abstract models of real processes and phenomena. They are hard put to perform
mathematical operations without using computing devices when solving applied
tasks. This is related to the fact that such activity requires a theoretical type of
thinking. The pedagogical task is finding the ways of developing applied mathematical
competences required for successful adaptation in the information and technology
space.
Attention, Trust and Power in Russian “New Media”
Authors: Balmayeva Svetlana
Published: December 2019

The subject of this paper’s research is transformation of power in the Russian new media. The shift from traditional media to “new media” has, after all, drastically changed the structure of media power – instead of the broadcasting model, “from one to many”, a network model is established: “from many to many”. Social media generate a model of population’s communication and information “self-service” with a branched system of redistributing attention. Our research aims to identify how attention and trust of the young Russian audience transforms within network interactions. A complicated social tool like media power, after all, relies on a very fragile foundation – human attention. With audience’s attention you have the media power, without this attention you don’t. As we all remember so well, the power of “traditional” media was based on extremely solid social practices – the habits of reading and watching television built into the life rhythm of Soviet and Russian citizens. Nowadays, however, media consumption practices of the generations in the age range from 15 to 34 years change quickly depending on the dominant network technology. We rely on sociological studies of young audience’s media behavior and its network preferences to explore how its attention and trust transform. Contemporary research uses the criterion of “involvement” to measure attention, which is a part of the analytical toolbox of editorial metrics. We are going to rely on Mediator metrics developed by Mail.ru. Another valuable basis for our research was provided by results of the monitoring conducted by VCIOM, Mediastandard, Levada Center, Deloitte and Zircon in 2018–2019.
Features of Sense-Bearing Structure of Political Pre-Election PR Publications
Authors: Bulatova Elina
Published: December 2019

An election period involves a substantial growth in the flow of messages addressed to voters. News PR publications constitute a significant share of these messages; they have a number of structural and content features whose description with a comprehensive approach using linguo-stylistic and discursive textual analysis seems necessary to assess the political discourse’s impact potential. Pre-election PR publications modeling messages within non-direct communication include a dyadic sense-bearing structure evidenced by the presence of two main thoughts and two analytical estimates of the presented situations in the text’s logical pattern, corresponding to two addresser’s intentions – the explicit and the implicit one. Explicit elements have to do with the presentation of the publication’s newsworthy event; the implicit ones create a favorable image of the basic PR subject and contain recommendations of electoral nature. Such dual construction of media text’s sense-bearing structure is considered to be defective in the practice of literary editing but it is a certain pragmatic norm for political pre-election PR texts. Another feature of the abovementioned materials’ sense-bearing structure is the semantic uncertainty of a number of components and/or uncertainty of the logical links between them. Abandoning H. P. Grice’s premises – producing implicit meanings and semantically uncertain elements – has the purpose of creating an impacting effect whose assessment determines the prospects of subsequent research of news PR texts within the pre-election discourse.
Ambient Media as a New Trend in Socio-Cultural Space of Russian City
Authors: Golubkova Ekaterina , Grunt Elena
Published: December 2019

This paper explores the reasons for emergence and the features of ambient media in an urban socio-cultural space. Global socio-cultural changes in the contemporary world lead to informational oversaturation, trauma-generating factors and, as a consequence, search for new adaptive mechanisms for an individual to accept the social reality. Ambient media become an unobtrusive advertising communication built into the environment and people’s daily practices in the contemporary society. To analyze ambient media as a new form of communication, the authors applied the method of structural and functional analysis and a systemic approach. The paper argues that ambient media are a breakthrough, new and comparatively young advertising communication disproving traditional views of advertisement types, methods and forms. This is a communication offering innovative patterns of interaction with the consumer and the environment and changing individuals’ notions of a socio-cultural space where they exist. The authors identified the main features of ambient media, as well as the human trauma symptoms that can be caused by communication processes in the contemporary society: It is demonstrated that ambient media as a new type of communication are in all respects integrated into the urban space of European countries and the USA. For contemporary Russia, however, ambient media as a type of communication are a new trend in the socio-cultural space of Russian cities.