bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Further Validation of the Children's Behavioral Classification Project Inventory
Authors: Dreger Ralph Mason
Published: August 2011

To add evidence of the validity of the Children's Behavioral Classification Inventory, the responses of parents and teachers were compared on a set of 110 items of the inventory which describe behaviors equally observable to both groups. The two sets of data were subjected in Phase I to principal components analysis to extract two factors in each case which were compared by means of the Ahmavaara transformation and found to be highly comparable. In Phase II, predictions were made from factor weights of 36 items measuring six factors in the original standardization of the inventory to both sets of respondents' data by means of confirmatory factor analysis. The formal indices of comparability were not generally in acceptable ranges; however, substantively the six factors were definitely replicated in the two samples.
Social Psychological Variables in Populations Contrasted by Income and Suicide Rate: Durkheim Revisited
Authors: Ferrada-Noli Marcello
Published: August 2011

The ten richest and ten poorest municipalities of Sweden were investigated with respect to national statistics to assess the relationship between suicide incidence, discrete social psychological variables associated with welfare admittance among the elderly, and income of municipality. The relative frequency of suicide was 1.6 times greater for Swedes from the low-income municipalities than for those from the high-income ones. The group of municipalities with the highest suicide rate had a significantly higher proportion of older people in need of municipal social assistance at their homes and also a significantly higher proportion of elderly living in municipality-managed ‘service-homes.’ The findings replicate earlier investigations and suggest social psychological indicators denoting less favourable economic and social resources are also associated with both an increased suicide rate and a decreased county or municipal income. Some theoretical issues of the socioeconomic and of the external restraint hypotheses of the incidence of suicide, contradicted by the present findings as well as of Durkheim's hypothesis of social control are discussed. Further, we suggest the consideration of negative socioeconomic conditions as a risk factor amid psychiatric clinical assessments of risk for suicidal behaviour.
Psychiatric Health, Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Factors among Suicides in Stockholm
Authors: Ferrada-Noli Marcello , Åsberg Marie
Published: August 2011

The suicide statistics for two high-income areas and two low-income areas of Stockholm county, with, respectively, low and high proportions of immigrant residents, were compared on health and socioeconomic factors to ascertain whether differences in such indicators might explain the overrepresentation of immigrants previously found by us in cases of definite and undetermined suicide. The findings can be summarised as follows (1) The suicide rate was higher in the low-income areas, irrespective of ethnicity, and highest in the immigrant population of the low-income areas which accounted for 82% of all immigrants in the areas studied. (2) The suicide rate was inversely correlated with the respective figures for mean municipality-income indices. (3) Over the 4-yr. study period, the annual suicide rate increased among immigrants and decreased among native Swedes. (4) Of all categories investigated, immigrants from the low-income areas were characterised by the highest suicide rate (39 per 100,000) and the lowest mean annual income among the suicide victims (77.7), and native Swedes from the high-income areas by the lowest suicide rate (16.2) and the highest mean income (254.1). (5) The low-income areas manifested also lower mean duration of hospitalisation in primary care and psychiatric facilities, although the frequency of psychiatric consultations was higher in low- than in high-income areas. Imerrelations among low income, immigrant status, and poor benefit of psychiatric care suggest that proneness to suicidal behaviour among immigrants may have a social psychiatric explanation.
Ethnocentrism in Secondary School Students in the Netherlands: Agreement, Absence of Opinion, and Education
Authors: Vollebergh W. A. M.
Published: August 2011

Research on norms and values of pupils in secondary education in The Netherlands has systematically shown that pupils of lower education are more conservative, authoritarian, and ethnocentrist than pupils at higher levels of education. We analysed whether such results can be explained as a methodological artifact, in particular whether there is evidence of a tendency to agree with items irrespective of item content due to less educated pupils having less well developed opinions. 2,000 pupils in The Netherlands, randomly selected from various educational levels participated. Analysis confirmed that pupils at lower educational levels scored higher on items regarding ethnocentrism than those at higher educational levels. Also pupils at lower educational levels had greater difficulty in forming an opinion on the issues mentioned in the ethnocentrism scale. Their agreement, however, was related to the content of the items: reversed items on ethnocentrism, designed to measure a positive attitude towards ethnic minorities, received less agreement among pupils at lower educational levels. A relationship between difficulty in forming an opinion and agreement was not found.
Properties of Word Cues for Autobiographical Memory
Authors: Rubin David C. , Schulkind Matthew D.
Published: August 2011

A sample of 124 words were used to cue autobiographical memories in 120 adults varying in age from 20 to 73 years. Individual words reliably cued autobiographical memories of different ages with different speeds. For all age groups, words rated high in imagery produced older memories and faster reaction times.
Increased Self-Reported Dental Anxiety following Completion of a Dental History Questionnaire
Authors: Wilson Josephine F. , Sinisko Stephen A.
Published: August 2011

Since traumatic dental experiences have been identified as a leading cause of dental anxiety, dental anxiety should be increased when subjects are asked to recall these experiences and describe them in writing. 74 undergraduates completed dental history questionnaires, viewed slides of dental procedures, or received no manipulation prior to completing the Dental Anxiety Scale and the Dental Fear Survey. The Questionnaire group reported significantly higher dental anxiety and fear than did the Slide and Control groups. Recalling personal experiences elicits greater emotional arousal than does viewing procedures or merely completing surveys.
Structures of Self-Regulation in Japanese Preschool Children
Authors: Nakata Sakae , Shiomi Kunio
Published: August 2011

This investigation was done to clarify the developmental characteristics and sex differences in self-regulation among Japanese preschool children. Subjects were 2038 children of age 4 to 6 years from kindergartens and nursery schools. There were 1016 boys and 1022 girls A questionnaire of 40 items was completed with assistance of the children's fathers or mothers. Analysis showed there were significant differences in self-regulation and altruism between boys and girls and that scores on self-assertion were greater across the age groups.
Work Values and Subjective Beliefs in Arabian Gulf Samples of Employees and Undergraduates
Authors: Abdalla Ikhlas A. H.
Published: August 2011

For 236 college students hierarchical structures of socially and personally desirable work values and subjective beliefs were studied and hierarchical structure of socially desirable values of a group of 96 public employees was also examined. Buchholz's 1978 Beliefs About Work Inventory was used to measure the socially desirable values of both students and employees. Measures based on the guidelines set by Ajzen and Fishbein in 1980 were used to measure the personally desirable values and subjective beliefs of the students only. The results showed that the relative importance assigned to the various socially desirable values by both students and employees were similar. The relative importance assigned by the students to the three belief systems, i.e., the socially and personally desirable values and the subjective beliefs were also similar with the exception of one belief system—Hard Work. Specifically, Hard Work was strongly endorsed as a socially desirable value but weakly endorsed as a personally desirable one. In general, the groups assigned more importance to Humanistic and Group-oriented values while the least importance was assigned to Leisure Ethic. Participative, Advancement, Independence, Earning, and Social Status were assigned moderate importance. The results were discussed in the context of the Arab culture and the present practices of Arabian Gulf organizations.
Evidence on Validity for the Teaching Behavior Rating Scale
Authors: Randhawa Bikkar S. , Pavelich Barbara
Published: August 2011

A Teaching Behavior Rating Scale was developed for rating teacher-interns after about eight weeks of school experience. The scale consists of 16 positively worded 11-point scale items. Using the scale, both the 10 college faculty supervisors and the 67 cooperating teachers rated 67 interns, 30 men and 37 women. The participating interns had been administered the personality section of the Personal Profile Program before commencement of their internships. Total scores for the thematic essays the interns wrote for their admission interview for the college as well as the interviewers' over-all scores were also used. The internal consistency coefficients for the teachers' and college faculty ratings, respectively, were both .98. A four-factor principal components analysis of the 14 variable correlation matrix yielded parsimonious factors after oblimin oblique rotation. Consistent with theory, scale scores for teachers and college faculty are strongly correlated ( r = .73). Also, perception of teaching skill is related to the interns' scores for lower dominance and higher flexibility.
The Family Profile II: A Self-Scored, Brief Family Assessment Tool
Authors: Lee Thomas R. , Burr Wesley S. , Beutler Ivan F. , Yorgason Floyd , Harker H. Brent , Olsen Joseph A.
Published: August 2011

The Family Profile is a self-administered and easily interpreted measure of family functioning. Family members score and plot their results to create a graphical profile of their family's relationship strengths. The ability to graph their responses gives families immediate feedback and an intuitive grasp of their relationship strengths and opportunities for improving family relationships. Successfully used for 7 years in the USA and Canada, the Family Profile has now been revised. Using a national sample of over 1,800 college students, the measure was revised to include 12 scales measuring dimensions of family functioning such as kindness, unkindness, communication, and financial management. Regression analyses indicated that these scales significantly predicted family reladonship quality, school performance, substance use, and family conflict. The Family Profile II provides practitioners a measure that is easily scored and interpreted.
The Sex Ratio in American Indian Suicides
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

8 social indicators did not predict the sex ratio of American Indian suicides in the 12 regions of the Indian Health Service in 1981–1983.
An Empirical Study of the Influence of Performance and Grades on Students' Evaluation of Instruction
Authors: Clayson Dennis E. , Frost Taggart F.
Published: August 2011

An investigation was made of the effect of returned grades and actual performance on 102 junior and senior students' evaluation of one instructor's instruction viewed once indicated no significant relationships. Implications were discussed.
Jewishness and Well-Being: Specific Identification and General Psychological Adjustment
Authors: Ressler William Harris
Published: August 2011

The study examined the relation of nine factors describing the expression of Jewish identification with three scales related to aspects of psychological well-being (Belonging, Optimism and Self-acceptance) among 177 American Jews, ages 22 to 40 years. Regression analyses indicated a small but significant, positive relation between scores on each of the well-being scales and two aspects of Jewish identification, activism in mainstream Jewish organizations (Beta weights .15 to .23) and religiosity (.19 to .21). These expressions of Jewishness accounted for 7 to 11% of the variance in reported well-being.
An Exploration of Attitudes on Sexuality at a Northeastern Urban University
Authors: Donnelly Joseph , Kittleson Mark J. , Procaccino Anthony T. , Donnelly Mary Am , Fogarty Kieran J. , Duncan David F.
Published: August 2011

This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of scores on homophobia among 104 college students at a northeastern urban university. Participants reported their attitudes regarding homosexuals and homosexual behavior on Hudson and Rickett's Index of Homophobia. The 33 men indicated more negative attitudes about homosexuals and homosexual situations than the 71 women.
APA, Science, and the Defense of Marriage Act
Authors: Johnson Ray W.
Published: August 2011

This paper uses the APA position on the Defense of Marriage Act to demonstrate that APA's advocacy policy regarding homosexual marriage is not based on science. It shows that the politics of advocacy have led a purportedly scientific organization to misinterpret, overgeneralize, and distort the results of research and to ignore the original purpose of the organization.
Hierarchy of the Sciences and Terminological Sharing of Laws among the Sciences
Authors: Roeckelein Jon E.
Published: August 2011

A variable called index of terminological sharing that measures the extent to which one science shares lawful concepts from another science was used to assess hypotheses concerning the concept of an hierarchy of sciences and psychology's terminological relationship with other sciences. (1) The values of the index will be relatively small for the natural sciences (physics, chemistry, biology) as compared to the relatively large values for the social sciences (anthropology, sociology), and (2) the index's value for psychology will be closer to the mean value of the social sciences than to that of the natural sciences. Analysis showed only a 17% agreement between the present data and the relative ordering of the sciences assumed by the hierarchy. Hypothesis 1 was confirmed, but not Hypothesis 2. Index values for psychology were closer to those of the natural sciences than to those of the social sciences. Psychology appears to have a relatively high terminological independence concerning citation of shared lawful concepts in textbooks as compared to other sciences, but also psychology shows a large and disproportionate use of eponyms in references to shared lawful concepts. It was suggested that new quantitative-comparative measures, in addition to the present index, be developed to understand further psychology's relationships with other sciences.
Fear of Aids and Homophobia Scales: Additional Estimates of Reliability and Validity
Authors: Miller David B. , Briggs Harold , Corcoran Kevin
Published: August 2011

Psychometric properties of the Fear of AIDS Scale and the Homophobia Scale from 85 heterosexual undergraduates (and 44 gay, lesbian, and bisexual undergraduates) were estimated. Responses on the Homophobia Scale were internally consistent ( alpha = .88), had 4% standard error of measurement, and scores differed by subjects' sexual orientation. Responses to Fear of AIDS Scale were moderately internally consistent ( alphas. 75), had 12% standard error, and were significantly different for the two groups. Scores on the tests were correlated .66. Researchers must assess the relationship between scores on these measures.
Personality Correlates of Religiosity among Adults in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Maltby John
Published: August 2011

This study examined the relationship between measures of personal religiosity (religious attitude, frequency of personal prayer), a measure of public religiosity (church attendance), and the Abbreviated form of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire among 216 adults in the Republic of Ireland. A significant negative correlation was found between scores on psychoticism and on the three measures of religiosity among men (religious attitude, –.36; frequency of personal prayer, –.40; and frequency of church attendance, –.30) and among women (religious attitude, –.40; frequency of personal prayer, –.47; and frequency of church attendance, –.31). No significant relationship was found between any of the religiosity measures and the other measures contained within the Eysenck scores. A further analysis of the data suggests that the relationship for measures of public religiosity with low psychoticism is only a facet of the relationship between public and personal religiosity. These findings add to a growing body of research which locates religiosity within the psychoticism dimension of Eysenck's model of personality and adds to prior suggestions that this approach is applicable only to personal aspects of religiosity.
Mr. Barber or a Barber: Remembering Names and Occupations
Authors: McCluney Millard M. , Krauter E. Evan
Published: August 2011

Most individuals more easily recall the occupation of an acquaintance than that person's name. Three experiments ( ns = 117, 42, and 36) were designed to investigate whether this shortcoming arises because people are likely to ignore any meaningful information provided by a name. In Exp. 1 college students viewed a series of faces, each given a name and occupation rated high or low in imageability. The students were told to picture the names, picture the occupations or were given no picturing instructions. In Exp. 2 the same words were identified as occupations of depicted individuals for some participants and as names for others. In Exp. 3 students wrote words that came to mind in response to words sometimes labeled as names and sometimes as occupations. Analysis showed that occupations were recalled better than names (Exps. 1 and 2). Picturing instructions improved face-name but not face-occupation recall (Exp. 1). Increased imageability enhanced occupation but not name recall (Exps. 1 and 2), and college students produced more associations to words labeled as occupations than the same words labeled as names (Exp. 3). These results suggest that people ignore the most meaningful sense of a name, contributing to poor face-name recall.
Parental Divorce and Narcissism among College Students
Authors: Billingham Robert E. , Cutrera Jessica
Published: August 2011

342 women and 225 men, undergraduate students, participated in a study to assess whether experiencing the divorce of one's parents affected narcissistic development. In a larger study on the long-term effects of divorce, these students completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. The analyses indicated that the scores for children from divorced families did not differ from the scores of children from intact families on any of the seven subscales.
Environmental Factors and Clients' Self-Disclosure in Counseling
Authors: Cohen Benjamin N. , Schwartz Robert C.
Published: August 2011

Self-disclosure by clients is regarded as a fundamental component of counseling, with increased self-disclosure being related to positive outcome of treatment; however, scant attention has focused on environmental characteristics that may facilitate self-disclosure among clients. An evaluation of prior research in this area leads to suggestions for studies on environmental factors and self-disclosure.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Revised Causal Dimension Scale: A Nepalese Investigation
Authors: Watkins David , Sachs John , Regmi Murari
Published: August 2011

The Causal Dimension Scale-II is conceptually important for research on attributions as it taps directly the subjects' own views of the dimensions underlying their causal ascriptions. However, this research based on the responses of 120 Nepalese tertiary students to the Causal Dimension Scale-II for both success and failure outcomes indicates that the internal consistency reliability of the External Control scale is of doubtful adequacy and that the best fit model for success outcomes combines the Locus and Personal Control scales while no adequate fit was found for failure outcomes. It is possible that these latter findings may be due to cultural differences in causal attributions rather than a deficiency in the scale's structure.
An MMPI-2 Scale to Identify History of Sexual Abuse
Authors: Korbanka Juergen E.
Published: August 2011

This study attempted to extract an MMPI-2 scale identifying adult male and female victims of severely traumatogenic childhood sexual abuse. Such a scale might aid in the early detection and diagnosis of trauma sustained from abuse and lead to prevention of childhood sexual abuse in subsequent generations since victims are more likely to expose their offspring to similar abuse. Victims of severe childhood sexual abuse almost inevitably suffer from trauma. Taking the severity of abuse into consideration, a higher identification rate than the one obtained in previous attempts was expected. The sample ( N = 201), recruited from a low-fee outpatient clinic and a community mental health center, was divided into a severe childhood sexual abuse-reporting group and a control group, based on Russell's (1983) definitions. To crossvalidate, the data were analyzed three ways. A stepwise discriminant function analysis based on Wilks Lambda yielded 95% correct classification (using 52 MMPI-2 items), a discriminant function analysis based on chi-squared yielded 77% classification (using 63 items), and a stepwise logit analysis yielded 71% classification (using 15 items). There was little agreement among the items identified by the three solutions.
Social Anxiety and Performance in an Interpersonal Perception Task
Authors: Schroeder Jonathan E. , Ketrow Sandra M.
Published: August 2011

The Interpersonal Perception Task-15 videotape served as a criterion measure to test hypotheses about individual differences in interpersonal perception. 160 undergraduates completed the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension Scale, the Shyness and Sociability Scale, and the Interpersonal Perception Task-15. Scores on the Communication Apprehension Scale were negatively correlated with Interpersonal Perception Task-15 scores, as predicted. Scores on the Shyness scale were negatively correlated with scores on the Interpersonal Perception Task-15, while Sociability scale scores were positively correlated. These results underscore the association between social anxiety and interpersonal perception.
Reliability and Factorial Structure of an Arabic Translation of the Self-Consciousness Scale
Authors: Bendania Ahmed , Abed Adnan S.
Published: August 2011

An Arabic translation of Fenigstein, Scheier, and Buss's 1975 Self-consciousness scale was administered to 254 United Arab Emirates University undergraduate students, 99 men and 155 women with a mean age of 24 years. A factor analysis of the intercorrelations indicated the same general factors as in the original and other replicating studies. This study, however, differed from them in item loadings and distribution of items within the three factors of the scale. Other factor solutions were also tried and reported. Differences between men and women were also noted. In contrast with previous studies, the Arabic version showed differences in the magnitude of correlations among subscales. These differences were discussed in the light of cross-cultural and Arabic studies showing the influence of culture.
On the Reliability of the Revised Socialization Scale
Authors: Defrancesco John J.
Published: August 2011

The revised Socialization Scale of the California Psychological Inventory was administered to 40 adjudicated conduct-disordered adolescents and readministered after a 1-wk. interval to estimate test-retest reliability; r = .89.
Black Riots and Black Suicide Rates
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

From 1960 to 1992 the number of riots each year by African Americans was associated with lower black suicide rates, but the association did not reach statistical significance.
Why Do We Ask to “Borrow” an Item That No One Expects Us to Return?
Authors: Ellison-Potter Patricia A. , Clarke Andrea , Bell Paul A.
Published: August 2011

A group of 6 male and 8 female confederates asked 100 female respondents either “May I borrow…” or “Can I have…” one of five items: a cigarette, a quarter, a facial tissue, a pen, or a piece of paper. Although there was no significant effect for the type of request, respondents were significantly more likely to comply with the request for a pen or piece of paper.
Sex Differences in Financial Knowledge: A Replication and Extension
Authors: Goldsmith Ronald E. , Goldsmith Elizabeth B. , Heaney Joo-Gim
Published: August 2011

Replicates and extends findings that 80 college men report more subjective and real financial knowledge than 35 college women, even when students' major area of study is considered.
Expectancies of and Specific Attitudes towards Smoking as Predictors of a General Attitude about Smoking
Authors: Rundmo Torbjørn , Smedslund Geir , Götestam K. Gunnar
Published: August 2011

Outcome expectancies and self-efficacy are the two main predictors of smoking behavior in social learning theory. There has been considerable research effort on self-efficacy, but almost nothing on outcome expectancies related to smoking. Rohsenow, Abrams, Colby, Gulliver, Niaura, and Monti constructed the Smoking Effects Questionnaire to measure such expectancies. In a questionnaire survey among a random sample from the adult Norwegian population, 1,639 out of 5,014 respondents were current smokers. Confirmatory factor analyses were applied to examine the questionnaire's dimensionality. The fit of the original factor structure was compared to the structure which emerged from a principal component analysis and was well suited to the Norwegian data. Also, attitudes about how smoking affects other people and a general attitude towards smoking were measured. The outcome expectancies together with the specific attitudes predicted the general attitude, while the opposite was not true. LISREL-analyses indicated that women were more influenced by negative psychological effects and reduction of negative affect in their general attitude. while men were more influenced by negative physical effects.
Priorities for Values of Adolescents in Multicultural Schools
Authors: Hodgson Amy , Bohning Gerry , McGee Connie , Young Brenda
Published: August 2011

The Rokeach Instrumental Values Survey was used to identify the priorities for instrumental values (desired ways to behave) of 172 adolescents in multicultural schools in Miami, Florida The data are reported by grade, sex, and ethnicity.
Another Look at Preemployment Predictors of General Union Attitudes
Authors: Fuller J. Bryan , Hester Kim
Published: August 2011

This study replicated and extended the family socialization model of development of attitudes toward unions. Previous tests of this model were conducted using Canadian samples, and this study used a sample from the United States. The results were generally supportive of the model, although the magnitude of the correlations was much smaller. Contrary to expectations, only Marxist beliefs about work were significantly related to general attitude about unions, while Humanistic beliefs about work and Protestant Work Ethic were not.
Exploratory Relationships among Cognitive Style, Values, and Selected Consumption Behaviors
Authors: Claxton Reid P. , McIntyre Roger P. , Clow Kenneth E. , Zemanek James E.
Published: August 2011

This study presents an exploratory structural model of relationships among dimensions of cognitive style, List of Values factors, and consumption activity factors. Analysis was based on questionnaire responses from 416 alumni of a major southwestern university The findings provide insight into how measurement of values may be modified to include individual personality differences; how values may relate to consumption behavior; and how personality differences may relate to both values and consumption behavior.
Vocational Interests of Adolescents: Relationships between Self-Esteem and Locus of Control
Authors: Mullis Ann K. , Mullis Ronald L.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among scores on vocational interests, self-esteem, and locus of control for high school students. Grade and sex differences were also examined. 1364 high school students ranging in age from 14 to 19 years of age were administered the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory, Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children, and the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory. High school students with higher scores on self-esteem and showing an orientation toward internal locus of control expressed more interests in a variety of vocational themes than adolescents with lower scores on self-esteem and scores for external locus of control. Sex and grade differences in vocational interests of adolescents were also noted. The findings were discussed in light of theoretical and practical considerations.
Comment on “Social Psychological Variables in Populations Contrasted by Income and Suicide Rate
Authors: Lester David , Savlid Christine
Published: August 2011

Homicide rates for the 24 Swedish Län (counties) were more strongly associated with the wealth of the regions than were suicide rates.
Correlation for Eysenck's Measure of Psychoticism and the Environmental Deprivation Scale
Authors: Witherspoon A. D. , Long Carolyn K. , Farmer Russell , Hitson Dana , Thompson Shannon
Published: August 2011

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relatedness of the Psychoticism scale of Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire-Revised and the Environmental Deprivation Scale using college students as subjects. Each measure provides different information through varied techniques. Scores on both have been associated with antisocial behavior. The r of .61 is discussed in terms of the assessment of antisocial behavior.
Attitudes toward Physician-Assisted Suicide
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

Personality test scores (psychoticism, neuroticism and extraversion) were not associated with attitudes toward physician-assisted suicide in a sample of 50 undergraduate students.
Sex Differences in Stipulated Preferences in Personal Advertisements
Authors: Cameron S. , Collins A.
Published: August 2011

A study was conducted on the content of personal advertisements using data from 259 placements in a national English newspaper. Univariate statistical tests and a multivariate classification analysis confirmed the previous findings in American studies of women seeking financial resources and men offering financial resources and seeking physical attributes. In contrast to previous studies, women are not significantly more likely to describe physical attributes than are men. Univariate statistical tests suggest a new finding of lesser offers of commitment by men.
Circaseptennian (about 7-Year) Periodicity in the Distribution of Birth Years of Nobel Laureates for Physics
Authors: Verhulst Jos , Onghena Patrick
Published: August 2011

The distribution of birth years for Nobel physicists shows a circaseptennian (about 7-year) periodicity. This observation extends an earlier observation of a circaseptennian pattern in the distribution of birth years for early quantum physicists. In both categories, birth rate tends to maximize in years belonging to the (7 n + 4) phase.
Teaching Experience, Job Security, and Job Satisfaction among Secondary School Teachers in South Africa
Authors: Mwamwenda Tuntufye S.
Published: August 2011

The purpose was to examine the extent to which years of teaching experience may be related to self-reported job satisfaction in groups of men and women, who had less than eight years of teaching secondary school or who had more than eight years. 62 teachers with longer teaching experience ( M age = 39.0 yr., SD = 3.9) rated their job satisfaction higher than those who had less experience ( M age = 37.4 yr., SD = 5.9). 53% of teachers rated security high and 35% as average, so most felt secure in their work.
Unionization and Rates of Personal Violence (Suicide and Homicide)
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

Suicide and homicide rates were not associated with unionization rates in 18 industrialized nations in 1965, 1975, or 1985.
Similarity of Learning Styles of Students and a Teacher in Achievement in a Research Methods Course
Authors: Onwuegbuzie Anthony J. , Daley Christine E.
Published: August 2011

This study investigated whether students with learning styles similar to those of their instructor tended to have higher achievement than students who did not. Participants were 137 graduate students from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds, enrolled in an educational research methodology course. Analysis indicated that students who were most similar in (earning style to their instructor with respect to persistence orientation, peer orientation, auditory preference, and multiple perceptual preferences tended to obtain higher scores on (1) evaluating research articles, (2) writing research proposals, and (3) conceptual knowledge. Recommendations for research include investigating the bases for such relationships.
Psychology of the Scientist: LXXII. About Publishing: A Commentary
Authors: Solomon C. Ruth
Published: August 2011

An account is given over time of presenting paper empirical findings which were not statistically significant but important in an area of research.
Preliminary Study of Tolerance of Ambiguity of Individuals Reporting Paranormal Experiences
Authors: Houran James
Published: August 2011

This research tested the notion that poltergeist-like experiences reflect the need to explain anomalous personal experiences, Thus, it was hypothesized that percipients of poltergeists would score lower on tolerance of ambiguity than controls. Further, it was hypothesized that tolerance of ambiguity would negatively correlate with the number of different categories of poltergeist experience. 30 self-identified percipients of poltergeist-like phenomena and 30 self-identified nonpercipients of the paranormal were administered the Rydell-Rosen Ambiguity Tolerance Scale and Houran and Lange's Poltergeist Experiences Checklist. Results partially supported predictions Percipients of the paranormal scored significantly lower on tolerance of ambiguity than nonpercipients, but scores on the experiences checklist did not significantly correlate with scores on tolerance of ambiguity. The results supported the main hypothesis but more detailed research is needed to clarify the roles of age and tolerance of ambiguity in the perception of anomalous phenomena.
Sex and Sex-Role Differences in Locus of Control
Authors: Kuther Tara L.
Published: August 2011

The relations among of sex, measures of sex-role orientation, and locus of control were examined with 240 undergraduates (150 women and 90 men). Although there were no sex differences on mean locus of control scores, a significant relation between scores on sex-role orientation and locus of control was observed for women but not for men.
Steroid Use among Miami's Public School Students, 1992: Alternative Subcultures: Religion and Music versus Peers and the “Body Cult”
Authors: Yarnold Barbara M.
Published: August 2011

This analysis examined self-reported use of steroids by 478 adolescents in Dade County, Florida public schools during 1992. Statistically significant factors which tended to increase the probability of steroid use by adolescents included peer use of steroids, being male, and residing either with their mothers or on their own. The only statistically significant variables which are negatively related to steroid use are that religion is an important part of their lives and that students are involved in musical activities at school.
Pets as Transitional Objects: Their Role in Children's Emotional Development
Authors: Triebenbacher Sandra Lookabaugh
Published: August 2011

Children's use of pets as transitional objects and the contributions of pets to children's emotional well-being were examined. The sample included 94 boys and 80 girls in preschool through Grade 5; 70% were current pet owners, and 30% were not pet owners. Each participant was individually interviewed using a structured interview format of 20 questions for current pet owners and three questions for non-pet owners to assess perceptions about the role of friendships between animals and humans, shared activities between children and pets, ways animals and humans communicate love for one another, types of verbal and nonverbal communication and interactions between animals and humans, and ways animals provide love, security, and emotional support to humans. Analysis indicated that children perceive their pets as special friends, important family members, and providers of social interactions, affection, and emotional support. Results are discussed in terms of the parallels between children's use of inanimate transitional objects and their use of pets as transitional objects.
Sexual Knowledge, Behaviors, and Attitudes of Medical Students in Kunming, China
Authors: Cao Yuehua , Zhou X. , Wang X. Q. , He Q. W. , Lui Z. P. , Yang Y. H. , Ji Y.
Published: August 2011

422 medical students at a conservative campus in Yunnan reported their sexual knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes of reproductive health service to help students acquire necessary sexual knowledge and avoid unwanted pregnancy, abortion, and sexually transmitted diseases.
Dual Career Couples: Are Men Still Advantaged
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: August 2011

This research examined the relative hours worked by spouses of managerial and professional women ( n = 202) and men ( n = 222) working in demanding jobs in a single large professional services firm. More women's than men's spouses worked relatively more hours. Women with children had the highest percentage of spouses working relatively more hours.
Correlations between Scores on Chinese Versions of Long and Short Forms of the Geriatric Depression Scale among Elderly Chinese
Authors: Liu Chia-Yih , Lu Chwen-Hwa , Yu Shu , Yang Yong-Yi
Published: August 2011

A total of 187 elderly Chinese from the community were interviewed with the Chinese versions of the Geriatric Depression Scale-the long form and the short form. The scores on a proposed new version of the short form were also calculated. Cronbach alpha for the Geriatric Depression Scale-long form was .86. The correlations were significant between scores on the long and short forms ( r = .94, p < .05) and between those on the long and new short forms ( r = .91, p <. 05). Cronbach coefficient alpha for the short form was .77 and for the new short form .81. Results of our study indicated that responding by these elderly persons on both short forms is acceptably internally consistent in comparison with those on the original Geriatric Depression Scale.
An Academic Paradox: High School Students' Perceptions of Their Class Standing and Self-Reported Risk-Taking
Authors: Holcomb Derek R. , Westhoff Wayne W. , McDermott Robert J.
Published: August 2011

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) administered its 75-item 1991 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance survey to a nationwide random sample of 12, 248 high school students. In a secondary analysis of their data, one item on students' perceived class standing, was compared with selected health risk-taking practices. The 7.7% of students who indicated that they were “below the middle” in comparison with their classmates reported more participation in all risk-taking behaviors than students who reported being “in the middle” (28.6%) or “above the middle” (63.7%). Students' grades, ages, and ethnicity showed significant differences, with younger students and selected ethnocultural minority students more likely to report being “below the middle.” Perceived class standing may be a proxy measure for estimating participation in health-compromising practices.
Apprehension about Writing: Further Results
Authors: Rechtien John G. , Dizinno Gerard
Published: August 2011

During the second half of the spring semester of 1997, the authors administered Riffe and Stacks's 1992 questionnaire in Advanced Composition classes to 149 students who were at least second semester sophomores. Of those, 37 had taken the questionnaire as entering freshmen as part of a larger study. Because apprehension changes, especially during college, and one of the English Department's goals is to make students less apprehensive about writing, the authors expected to find significant differences in the scale scores in the direction of less apprehension. But when the mean scale scores of the first and second administrations were compared, four of the scale scores increased in the direction of less apprehension, while one indicated more apprehension.
Do African Husbands Own Their Wives?
Authors: Mwamwenda T. S. , Monyooe L. A.
Published: August 2011

75 graduate students [43 women ( M age, 37.2 yr.) and 32 men ( M age, 36.5 yr.)] registered for educational psychology were administered a questionnaire in which they were asked to express their views on whether the payment of bridewealth aspect of the marriage contract implies that the wife is a husband's property. 87 and 84% of both men and women (89% of those married and 80% of those single) disagreed with the view that bridewealth signifies that the wife is a husband's property.
Reliability and Validity of the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale in a Sample of African-American Husbands and Wives
Authors: Green Robert G. , Woody Debra , Maxwell Susan , Mercer Rachel , Williams Susette
Published: August 2011

An analysis of the internal consistency and criterion validity of the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale in a sample of 299 African-American wives and 589 African-American husbands provided support for the use of this global measure with African-American couples. Results of the same psychometric tests with comparison groups of Caucasian husbands ( n = 1, 511) and wives ( n = 1, 818) were strikingly similar.
Verbal Aggressiveness: Conceptualization and Measurement a Decade Later
Authors: Blickle Gerhard , Habasch Amin , Senft Wolfgang
Published: August 2011

Verbally aggressive messages attack an individual's self-concept to inflict psychological pain. Infante and Wigley developed a trait measure of Verbal Aggressiveness; however, the psychometric qualities and validity of the Verbal Aggressiveness scale were not fully explored. In Study I, 119 targets ( Mage = 46.2, SDage = 14.1) and 238 observers ( Mage = 42.9, SDage = 14.4) participated. In Study II, 112 targets ( Mage = 39.9, SDage = 12.9) and 236 observers ( Mage = 37.7, SDage = 11.1) participated. In Study III, 153 college students participated ( Mage = 25.9, SD = 4.6). In these studies, temporal stability over two months, criterion-related validity (target-observer agreement), discriminant validity (employing structural equation models), and construct validity (correlations with the facet and domain scales of the NEO-Personality Inventory-R) were investigated. The results justify considering Verbal Aggressiveness as a personality trait and the Verbal Aggressiveness scale as a valid measure
Preliminary Investigation of Associations of Illness Schemata and Treatment-Induced Reduction in Headaches
Authors: Narduzzi Karen J. , Nolan Robert P. , Reesor Kenneth , Jackson Todd , Spaños Nicholas P. , Hayward Amber A. , Scott Heather A.
Published: August 2011

This study examined how illness schemata—ways people organize information about illness—change over the course of cognitive-behavioral treatment of chronic headache and the extent to which such changes predict reduction of headache. 73 subjects with chronic migraine, mixed migraine and tension, or tension headache were classified on the basis of outcome from imagery-based treatment as Treatment-responders ( n = 24), Treatment-nonresponders ( n = 27), and Monitoring Controls ( n = 22). Self-reported illness schemata related to the seriousness and changeability of headache were assessed at pretreatment and 8-wk. follow-up. While groups did not differ on pretreatment measures of illness schemata, at follow-up the Treatment-responder group reported higher Changeability scores than Treatment-nonresponders and Control subjects and lower Seriousness scores than Control subjects. Headache reduction at follow-up was related to follow-up Changeability scores, in-session changes in systolic blood pressure and reported posttreatment expectations of headache activity, but not pretreatment measures of illness schemata. Findings indicate that improvements in headache activity are not influenced by the severity of headaches and may change prior to cognitive-behavioral treatment. Rather, among individuals who show decreases in headache activity, changes in beliefs about illness and headache reduction may have reciprocal relations both of which result from cognitive-behavioral treatment.
Age of Onset and Progress toward Independent Living by Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia in a Community Based Program
Authors: Husted John , Fick Kristi
Published: August 2011

For 11 women and 12 men age of onset of schizophrenia correlated .70 with progress in intensive treatment toward independent living.
Knowledge of Disease and Dietary Compliance in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Katz Roger C. , Ashmore Jay , Barboa El Via , Trueblood Karen , McLaughlin Veronica , Mathews Lisa
Published: August 2011

Noncompliance is a common problem in patients with end-stage renal disease. In this study, we assessed the relationship between knowledge of disease and dietary compliance in a cohort of 56 dialysis patients. Based on a health belief model of adherence, we predicted that dialysis patients who knew more about kidney disease and its treatment would be more compliant than those who knew less about these matters. We also examined the relationship between dietary compliance and patients' emotional well-being. We used a composite measure of compliance consisting of serum K, P, and interdialytic weight gain. A 30-item “Kidney Disease Questionnaire” was used to assess patients' knowledge of their illness. Contrary to prediction, compilers did not score higher on the knowledge questionnaire; in fact, the observed correlation of .32 was in the opposite direction. In the same vein, we found no relationship between compliance and emotional well-being. These results, although somewhat surprising, add to a growing body of research which indicates that medical compliance involves more than educating patients about the mechanisms and treatment of their illness.
Eating Attitudes in Female College Students with Self-Reported Alexithymic Characteristics
Authors: Fukunishi Isao
Published: August 2011

Several studies have indicated that there is a close relationship between eating attitudes and alexithymic characteristics. In this study, the influence of parental bonding on the association of alexithymic characteristics and eating attitudes was examined in a sample of 580 college students. Multivariate analyses of variance indicated that female students with two alexithymic characteristics, difficulty identifying feelings and difficulty describing feelings, exhibited more abnormal eating attitudes (poor oral control). Multivariate analysis of covariance gave significant associations with maternal care. Although these subjects were not patients with eating disorders the results suggest that the two alexithymic characteristics studied were associated with lack of maternal care and are a risk factor for eating disorders.
Suicide Rates in Immigrants
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

The suicide rates of 12 immigrant groups in the USA in 1959 were not associated with the size of those immigrant groups in the American population.