bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL DALAM HASIL KERJA KELOMPOK MAHASISWA DI UNIVERSITAS TIDAR MAGELANG
Authors: Fadiyakhansa Fatimah , Kamila Indarrahmani Naila , Dwi Prayogo Muhammad Zada , Dewi Neva Cintya , Ghani Lidya Nuriyana , Trinugraha Joko
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran komunikasi interpersonal dalam hasil kerja kelompok mahasiswa di Universitas Tidar. Komunikasi interpersonal dianggap sebagai salah satu faktor kunci yang mempengaruhi efektivitas kerja tim dalam lingkungan akademik, terutama dalam menyelesaikan tugas-tugas kelompok. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik survey. metode pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner kepada 138 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi interpersonal yang baik, seperti kemampuan mendengarkan, kejelasan dalam penyampaian pesan, serta keterbukaan terhadap umpan balik, memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap kolaborasi antar anggota kelompok. Sebaliknya, kurangnya komunikasi yang efektif dapat menyebabkan miskomunikasi, penurunan motivasi, serta ketidaksepahaman dalam mencapai tujuan kelompok. Temuan ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap pemahaman tentang pentingnya komunikasi interpersonal dalam mendukung kesuksesan kerja kelompok mahasiswa, serta implikasinya dalam upaya pengembangan keterampilan komunikasi di kalangan mahasiswa Universitas Tidar.
ANALISIS SELF-ESTEEM PADA REMAJA USIA 18-23 TAHUN
Authors: Tia Irawan Andi , Abrar Farrel Maulana , Pramudita Arsya Listya Eka , Khairunisa Putri Nasywa , Huwaida Hanifah , Nugraha Joko Tri
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat self-esteem pada remaja berusia 18-23 tahun. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif, dengan pengumpulan data melalui kuisioner berbasis Google Forms. Skala Likert dengan empat tingkatan (1 = sangat setuju, 2 = setuju, 3 = kurang setuju, 4 = tidak setuju) digunakan untuk mengukur persepsi responden. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 77 responden yang dipilih dengan kriteria usia 18-23 tahun, tanpa memandang jenis kelamin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas responden berusia 18 tahun (36,7%), dengan lebih banyak perempuan (68,8%) dibandingkan laki-laki (31,2%). Sebanyak 49,4% responden setuju merasa puas dengan diri sendiri, 57,1% merasa dirinya berguna, dan 51,9% menyatakan bahwa mereka memiliki kualitas diri yang baik. Selain itu, 57,1% responden kurang setuju dengan pernyataan bahwa mereka sulit melaksanakan tanggung jawab, sementara 52% percaya pada kemampuan diri mereka, dan 41,6% sangat setuju bahwa mereka menyayangi diri sendiri. Simpulan, bahwa mayoritas remaja berusia 18-23 tahun memiliki tingkat self-esteem yang baik. Namun, hasil juga menunjukkan bahwa mereka cenderung merasa kurang dihargai dalam proses komunikasi yang tidak memperhatikan pandangan mereka. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan penting tentang faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi self-esteem remaja untuk mendukung pengembangan diri mereka di masa depan.
Kata Kunci : Self Esteem, Percaya Diri, Keyakinan Diri, Attention
HUBUNGAN MENGONSUMSI KOPI TERHADAP KEJADIAN GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE PADA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS BAITURRAHMAH ANGKATAN 2020
Authors: Supardi Muhammad Miftah , Anggraini Debie , Hamda Rialta
Published: January 2025

Latar belakang : Dalam kehidupan mahasiswa, banyak yang berpendapat bahwa mengopi merupakan kegiatan yang digemari, Faktor yang dapat menyebabkan kejadian GERD yaitu mengkonsumsi kopi yang berlebihan. Mahasiswa kedokteran cenderung lebih memungkinkan mengkonsumsi minuman yang bekafein. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui Hubungan mengkonsumsi kopi terhadap kejadian gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) pada mahasiswa fakultas kedokteran universitas baiturrahmah angkatan 2020.  Metode : Ruang lingkup penelitian ini adalah bidang penyakit dalam. Pelaksanaan penelitian di fakultas kedokteran universitas baiturrahmah dengan pengambilan data primer periode juli 2023 – desember 2023. Jenis penelitian adalah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi terjangkau pada penelitian adalah mahasiswi program studi kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Baiturrahmah angkatan 2020 sebanyak 60 sampel dengan teknik random sampling. Analisa data univariat disajikan dalam bentuk distribusi frekuensi dan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square, pengolahan data menggunakan komputerisasi program SPSS versi IBM 25.0. Hasil : Kejadian GERD sebanyak 28 orang (46,7%), Konsumsi kopi terbanyak adalah sedang yaitu 26 orang (43,3%) dan Ada hubungan antara konsumsi kopi terhadap kejadian GERD pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Baiturrahmah Padang Angkatan 2020 (p=0,018).  Kesimpulan : Terbukti ada hubungan antara konsumsi kopi terhadap kejadian GERD pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Baiturrahmah Padang Angkatan 2020.
Unlocking Stock Market Success: Connecting Chief Financial Officers Influence and Governance Dynamics in Pakistan
Authors: Athar Atif Shaban , Rasheed Memona , Faizan Muhammad , Jamil Amer
Published: January 2025

This study examines the influence of Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) and corporate governance factors on stock returns in Pakistan. Employing a quantitative approach, we analyzed the dynamic relationship between CFO presence and governance elements, including insider shareholding, board size, independence, CEO duality, and audit committee meetings. We used data from the top 30 firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange. The findings reveal that board independence, CEO duality, and audit committee meetings emerge as significant drivers of stock returns, and conventional metrics, such as insider shareholding and board size, exhibit less impact. Importantly, our study elucidates the pivotal role of CFOs in moderating these relationships, emphasizing their indispensable contribution to effective corporate governance. This study underscores the transformative potential of CFOs and emphasizes the necessity of reevaluating corporate governance frameworks to ensure long-term sustainability in the market. These insights have profound implications for policymakers and businesses advocating for a collaborative approach that leverages CFO expertise to unlock sustainable growth and prosperity in Pakistan's stock market.
MENGATASI PERILAKU BULLYING YANG TERJADI DI SEKOLAH SMK PENERBANGAN SRIWIJAYA, KABUPATEN BANYUASIN, SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Arifin Muh Zainul , Erwin Muhammad , Pratama Alip Dian
Published: January 2025

Fenomena kekerasan terhadap anak misalnya hal ini menjadi fenomena yang sangat banyak terjadi di sekitar. Kekerasan dalam hal ini tidak selamanya hanya mengenai fisik, melainkan psikis. Berbagai kasus akibat kekerasan di sekolah makin sering ditemui baik melalui informasi di media cetak maupun yang disaksikan di layar televisi. Selain tawuran antar pelajar sebenarnya ada bentuk-bentuk perilaku agresif atau kekerasan yang mungkn sudah lama terjadi di sekolah-sekolah, namun tidak mendapat perhatian, bahkan mungkin tidak dianggap sesuatu hal yang serius. Bullying merupakan suatu tindakan untuk menyakiti orang lain dan menyebabkan seseorang menderita dan mengganggu ketenangan seseorang. Tindakan penculikan, penganiayaan bahkan intimidasi atau ancaman halus bukanlah sekedar masalah kekerasan biasa, tindakan ini disebut bullying karena tindakan ini sudah bertahun-tahun dilakukan secara berulang, bersifat regeneratif, menjadi kebiasaan atau tradisi yang mengancam jiwa korban. Berdasarkan uraian diatas Bagaimana Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Tindakan Perundungan ? Bagaimana efek dari perilaku perundungan dan upaya yang dapat di lakukan untuk mengatasi persoalan perundungan di tengah masyarakat ? Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Ceramah Yaitu dengan cara tatap muka antar tim penyuluh dan siswa - siswit setempat dengan tujuan untuk menyampaikan informasi mengenai persoalan bullying. Diskusi Dan Sharing IlmuSetelah diadakan ceramah, kemudian dilakukan tanya jawab antara tim penyuluh dengan siswa – siswi SMK Penerbangan Sriwijaya, Kota Palembang
PENINGKATAN RASA KEPERCAYAAN DIRI REMAJA DI DESA GUNUNG MEGANG LUAR DENGAN METODE PELATIHAN PUBLIC SPEAKING
Authors: Arif Rahmadan  , M. Iqbal
Published: January 2025

Program pengabdian masyarakat dalam bentuk pelatihan dan pengembangan ini atas dasar kerja sama antara mahasiswa kuliah kerja nyata Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palemabang dengan masyarakat dan remaja Desa Gunung Megang Luar, Kecamatan Gunung Megang, Kabupaten Muara Enim, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan untuk memberikan sebuah pelatihan atau peningkatan rasa kepercayaan diri para remaja dengan metode pelatihan Public Speaking dengan jumlah remaja 15 orang. Tujuan dari pelatihan yang dilakukan secara rutin ini untuk mengembangkan dan meningkatan rasa kepercayaan diri dan kemampuan untuk berbicara di depan umum serta memberikan tempat untuk para remaja berlatih dan belajar memberanikan guna untuk mempermudah komunikasi antara sesama dalam kehidupan sosial masyarakat. Dalam pelatihan yang diberikan ialah cara untuk bisa menanamkan rasa percaya dan tidak takut akan kesalahan yang terjadi serta memberikan kesempatan untuk bebicara didepan umum dengan tujuan untuk memperaktikan materi yang telah disampaikan. Kegiatan pelatihan ini dilakukan secara rutin dalam setiap minggunya agara tujuan yang diharpakan bisa tercapai sesuai dengan keingin, dari kegitan yang dilakukan secara rutin ini banyak remaja yang ikut berpartisipasi dan hasil yang didapatkan bisa membuat para remaja mulai aktif dan bisa menyampaiakan inspirasi dan ide-ide yang selama ini tidak perna dikelaurkan dikarenakan kurangnya rasa kepercayaan diri para remaja.
Analisis Break-Event-Point dalam Penentuan Target Laba Produksi pada Usaha Kue Bapilin Dua Saudara
Authors: Rahmi Mega , Syafni Bintang , Wulandari Desi , Valencia Dheva , Maulana Vickry Adha Yurdeka , Putra Yosep Eka
Published: January 2025

This research explores the application of Break-Even-Point (BEP) analysis in setting financial strategies for small businesses, specifically the Bapilin Dua Saudara cake business. Using the Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) approach, this study aims to determine the break-even point as well as the profit target that can be achieved through optimizing production volume, managing costs, and setting selling prices. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies to ensure a comprehensive analysis. The results show that the utilization of BEP analysis allows entrepreneurs to understand the interrelationship between cost and revenue elements, so that they can design production strategies that are efficient and adaptive to market dynamics. This research confirms the importance of BEP-based financial analysis as a strategic profit planning tool to support small business sustainability and growth.
Uzbekistan and the Eurasian Economic Union: Pros and Cons
Authors: Vielmini Fabrizio
Published: January 2025

All Central Asian countries are developing their tourism potentials. Much more could be done if the five create a specific regional- based coordination mechanism to address existing hindrances on border crossing, administrative requirements and visa issuing. Overall, such a regional cooperation would also improve the brand of Central Asia as a tourist destination fostering demand and leading to improved connectivity within the region. By this way, tourism may in the long run strengthen the long-sought aim of regional integration.
The Theory of AI-Powered Legal Transformation (AILT): A New Paradigm in Judicial Systems
Authors: Ejjami Rachid
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the transformational potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in legal systems by developing and empirically testing the AI-Powered Legal Transformation (AILT) theory. The study looks into how AI technologies, such as natural language processing (NLP), machine learning (ML), and AI-powered decision support systems, can improve operational efficiency, judicial correctness, and ethical safeguards in legal processes. The findings confirm the theory's significant constructs: AI Capabilities, Operational Efficiency, Judicial Accuracy, Ethical Safeguards, Bias Mitigation, and human collaboration, using a qualitative study design that included semi-structured interviews, case studies, and document analysis. The findings reveal that AI dramatically increases efficiency by automating mundane operations and improving the accuracy of legal decisions through data-driven insights. However, the study underlines the significance of ethical safeguards and human monitoring in preventing biases and ensuring transparency in AI-driven judicial systems. While the study provides valuable information, it needs to be improved by its small sample size and emphasis on mature legal systems. Future studies should broaden its scope to cover other jurisdictions and investigate AI's evolving position in legal education and policy. This research adds to the expanding knowledge of AI's integration into law by proposing a theoretical framework for its responsible adoption.
Analisis Sebaran Spasial Kontribusi Ekosistem Mangrove Sebagai Blue Carbon Dalam Implementasi FOLU Net Sink Di Pulau Lombok
Authors: Anis Syakiratur Rizki  , Alfian Pujian Hadi  , Nuzuly Ilmia Cerminand  , Mai Rizali  , Baiq Farista  , Arben Virgota
Published: January 2025

Ekosistem mangrove memiliki peran strategis sebagai penyerap karbon (blue carbon) yang signifikan dalam mendukung mitigasi perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sebaran spasial kontribusi ekosistem mangrove sebagai blue carbon dalam konteks implementasi FOLU (Forestry and Other Land Use) Net Sink di Pulau Lombok. Metodologi yang digunakan melibatkan analisis data penginderaan jauh, pemetaan spasial, serta penghitungan stok karbon berdasarkan parameter biogeofisik mangrove. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebaran ekosistem mangrove di Pulau Lombok tidak merata dengan potensi karbon tertinggi ditemukan pada kawasan dengan luas ekosistem mangrove tertinggi, hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa Kabupaten Lombok Timur memiliki luasan mangrove terbesar yang tersebar di Mangrove Gili Lawang (429,18 ha) dan Gili Sulat (683,30 ha), serta beberapa lokasi lain seperti Gili Petagan (79,34 ha), Seruni Mumbul (11,27 ha), dan Teluk Jor (66,69 ha). Estimasi potensi simpanan karbon tertinggi terdapat di Gili Sulat dengan total sebesar 110.537 ton, dan Gili lawang mencapai 69.428,4 ton. Potensi yang besar pada simpanan dan serapan karbon ini berkontribusi terhadap nilai jasa ejosistem dengan estimasi terbesar ditemukan pada ekosistem mangrove Gili Sulat (Rp30,39 miliar) dan Gili Lawang (Rp19,09 miliar). Estimasi potensi blue karbon ekosistem mangrove pulau Lombok dapat dipengarhi oleh faktor seperti luas area, jenis vegetasi, dan kondisi ekosistem menjadi penentu utama estimasi simpanan carbon (carbon sink), serapan karbon diosida (CO2), dan produksi oksigen (O2).
Shawkat Ali's Short Stories: An Exquisite Tapestry of Subaltern Voices and the Silent Revolt of the Oppressed
Authors: Muyedul Islam Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Although measuring literature by decades may not be entirely justifiable, Shawkat Ali (February 12, 1936 – January 25, 2018) firmly stands as a prominent figure of the 1960s. His literary journey stemmed from profound contemplation, with fiction emerging as his chosen medium of expression. In his short stories, the lives, customs, and ideologies of society’s underprivileged classes are vividly portrayed. Alongside this, the dynamics of relationships between the upper echelons and the marginalized are intricately woven into his narratives. In the socio-economic and political contexts of the nation, the lower strata of society have historically endured the brunt of neglect and deprivation. Ali's stories resonate with the poignant cries, agonizing despair, and profound helplessness of these marginalized communities. Moreover, he explores the social crises and economic disparities that plagued the nation in the post-independence era. His narratives delve into the experiences of various societal groups, particularly the marginalized. Works such as Unmul Bashona (1968), Lelihan Shadh (1978), Shuno he Lokkhindor (1988), and Baba Apne Jan (1994) offer diverse representations of these social inequalities. Among the aforementioned stories, this essay examines depictions of exploitation and oppression of the lower classes by the elite. These stories, set against the backdrop of Bangladesh, significantly reflect the influence of "Subaltern Theory." This discussion endeavors to analyze the lifestyle, customs, and ideologies of the marginalized under the lens of Subaltern Studies, shedding light on their lived realities and cultural ethos in the context of socio-economic disparity.
PANORAMA: A 2021 Clinician Survey of Treatment Approaches for People With New Diagnoses of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in the United Kingdom
Authors: Evangelou Nikos , Mattoscio Miriam , Coutts Mhairi , Andiappan Manoharan , Sawtell Teresa , Rhys Katherine
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

The PANORAMA survey aimed to assess current treatment practice for individuals with new diagnoses of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in the United Kingdom and to explore variations in treatment approaches with an emphasis on escalation vs early high-efficacy treatment (HET) and treatment goals.

METHODS:

Health care professionals (HCPs) from the UK treating patients with RRMS took part in interviews facilitated by a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed descriptively using quantitative or qualitative methods, as appropriate.

RESULTS:

Thirty-eight HCPs from 38 UK centers took part in the survey, including 20 MS consultants and 13 MS specialist nurses. Seventy-four percent (n = 28 of 38) of HCPs strongly agreed and 24% (9 of 38) agreed that early treatment is essential for better outcomes. HCPs reported that they currently treat a mean (SD) of 58.3% (20.8%) and 42.1% (21.8%) of patients with new diagnoses of RRMS with early HET or escalation approaches, respectively. Thirty-four percent (13 of 38) of HCPs reported a discrepancy between current treatment approach and the approach they would like to take, which would be 66.2% favoring early HET and 33.8% favoring escalation approaches. The factors influencing the choice of treatment approach were overall patient health profile (45%, 17 of 38) and patient choice (39%, 15 of 38). The most important treatment goals were to reduce relapses (63%, 24 of 38), delay disability progression (58%, 22 of 38), and maintain quality of life (50%, 19 of 38).

CONCLUSIONS:

The survey highlights variation among HCPs in the UK in current vs ideal use of escalation or early HET approaches and factors influencing choice of treatment approach.
Friends among strangers: Russians in "The Sopranos" TV series
Authors: Osipov Sergey
Published: January 2025

The subject of the study is the representation of Russians and Russia in the influential and extremely important for the development of American television series "The Sopranos Clan" (The Sopranos, 1997–2005), taking into account both the ways of presenting information embedded in the media text and the ambiguity of interpretations of this information. The series' innovation in the representation of Russian characters is proved: These are heroes whose behavior and actions are largely determined by the Soviet/Russian past; they are not just present in the story space, but their actions (and worldview) influence the fate of the main characters. The stereotypes used in the representation of Russian characters and the motivation for this use are considered. The presence of Russian characters in the series about the life of Americans at the end of the 20th century is a marker of significant socio-political processes: migration from the territory of the former Soviet Union, the complication of migration flows to the United States, the crisis of American identity.  An interdisciplinary study examining the work of mass culture in the context of socio-political history of the late XX – early XXI centuries. The research methodology is based on an integrated approach to the analysis of media products, generalizing the methodology of such research branches as cultural studies, political history, and art criticism. The work also uses methods of system analysis, comparative analysis, and factor analysis. Russian Russian presence The novelty of the research lies both in the comprehensive identification of the main "Russian presence" in the series (based on the analysis of the first four seasons of the series, that is, 52 episodes), and in the identification of the main topics related to the "Russian presence" (including cultural specifics), their interpretation by the characters of the series, the authors and external commentators. The authors of the series address the topics of migration, xenophobia, intercultural communication, etc. based on the material of the "Russian segment" of the series. Using the example of "Russian" characters and storylines, a fundamentally deeper level of disclosure of the psychological and social background of the characters is proved as one of the reasons for the general innovation of the "Soprano Clan" in the context of the development of modern television/genre cinema. A direct parallel is drawn between the personal qualities of the Russian characters and the "strong silent ideal", the search for which is obsessed with the main character of the series, who has largely lost ties with his historical homeland. Cultural stereotypes associated with Russians have been identified, and some theses found in American literature have been challenged.
The evolution of the coloristic of Chinese painting of the Tang, Song and Yuan periods (VII-XIV centuries) — from color to ink
Authors: Wang Shutong
Published: January 2025

The article examines changes in the coloristic of Chinese painting during the Tang, Song, and Yuan dynasties, highlighting the influence of these dynastic shifts on the development of the painting palette. The focus of the research is on the tools used to study the coloristic of Chinese painting throughout its historical evolution, specifically during the Tang, Song, and Yuan periods. A significant connection exists between the subject and object of the study, evident in the transition from color to ink in Chinese painting. The study aims to explore the evolution of coloristic in these three periods and identify their main characteristics. Initially, the prehistoric palette was limited to five primary colors. However, with the rise of the Wei and Jin dynasties and the influence of Buddhist art, the palette expanded, impacting techniques such as Qinliu. The Tang dynasty represented the pinnacle of color usage, while the Song period shifted focus toward mascara and brushstroke variations. In contrast, the Yuan period showcased a refined application of mascara, favoring subtle shades over bright colors. Research methods include historical periodization and art historical attribution to analyze color scheme changes from the 7th to the 14th centuries. The scientific novelty of this research adds to theoretical frameworks regarding color use in Chinese art. Each era contributed uniquely to the development of fine art, with constant evolution in color schemes during the Tang, Song, and Yuan dynasties. The subsequent Ming and Qing dynasties emphasized black, reflecting inner emotions and signifying a shift from floral colors to ink. This transition correlates with political, economic, and cultural transformations, as well as philosophical influences. The findings have both theoretical and practical significance, applicable in educational contexts and future research.
The legacy of Georgy Ivanovich Blagodatov and modern organology: following in the footsteps of the XV anniversary International Organology Congress "Blagodatovsky Readings"
Authors: Bulatova Dinara  Aidarovna
Published: January 2025

The creative legacy of the outstanding organologist, musician, conductor, artist and cultural figure Georgy Ivanovich Blagodatov (1904–1982) outlined the activities of the Organology sector of the Russian Institute for the History of the Arts and its scientific forums in the field of organology, caused a response in a number of reports and events of the XV International Organology Congress "Blagodatov Readings" held in November 2024, and also allowed to recall the scientific works and achievements of the scientist, his contribution to the formation and development of the St. Petersburg school of organology. Headed by I.V. Matsievsky, a leading Eurasian organologist, Doctor of Art History, professor, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences and International Academy of Informatization, the forum has become a center of attraction for the best organologists from different regions of Russia and abroad, as well as young novice researchers of musical instruments and instrumental music over its more than 30-year history. The most important achievement of the St. Petersburg School of Organology is the development of an advanced methodology for the study of musical instruments and instrumental music. The systemic ethnophonic method, developed by I.V. Matsievsky based on the experience of studying various regional and ethnic instrumental traditions, is fruitfully applied throughout the Eurasian continent and beyond, which was confirmed at the 15th Congress. The article highlights the scientific issues of the XV International Organology Congress "Blagodatov Readings", dedicated to the 120th anniversary of the birth of G.I. Blagodatov, touches on the history of this scientific forum and its organizer, the Organology Department of the Russian Institute for the History of the Arts. Scientific directions are being formed at organology forums, a methodology for studying musical instruments and instrumental music is being developed, issues of preserving and reviving musical instrumental traditions are being raised, new scientific ideas are being tested that have access to creative practice. The 15th Congress became the focus of such scientific areas of organology as ethnoorganology, campanology, instruments of academic musical culture, historical organology, reconstruction of musical instruments, musical museology, musical archaeology and anthropology, and also witnessed the emergence of such a trend as musical architecture.
The context-dependent epigenetic and organogenesis programs determine 3D vs. 2D cellular fitness of MYC-driven murine liver cancer cells
Authors: Fang Jie , Singh Shivendra , Wells Brennan , Wu Qiong , Jin Hongjian , Janke Laura , Wan Shibiao , Steele Jacob , Connelly Jon , Murphy Andrew , Wang Ruoning , Davidoff Andrew , Ashcroft Margaret , Pruett-Miller Shondra , Yang Jun
Published: January 2025

3D cellular-specific epigenetic and transcriptomic reprogramming is critical to organogenesis and tumorigenesis. Here we dissect the distinct cell fitness in 2D (normoxia vs. chronic hypoxia) vs 3D (normoxia) culture conditions for a MYC-driven murine liver cancer model. We identify over 600 shared essential genes and additional context-specific fitness genes and pathways. Knockout of the VHL-HIF1 pathway results in incompatible fitness defects under normoxia vs. 1% oxygen or 3D culture conditions. Moreover, deletion of each of the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain complex has distinct fitness outcomes. Notably, multicellular organogenesis signaling pathways including TGFb-SMAD specifically constrict the uncontrolled cell proliferation in 3D while inactivation of epigenetic modifiers (
Bcor
,
Kmt2d
,
Mettl3
and
Mettl14
) has opposite outcomes in 2D vs. 3D. We further identify a 3Ddependent synthetic lethality with partial loss of
Prmt5
due to a reduction of
Mtap
expression resulting from 3D-specific epigenetic reprogramming. Our study highlights unique epigenetic, metabolic and organogenesis signaling dependencies under different cellular settings.
Advantageous and disadvantageous inequality aversion can be taught through vicarious learning of others’ preferences
Authors: Zhang Shen , FeldmanHall Oriel , Hétu Sébastien , Otto A Ross
Published: January 2025

While enforcing egalitarian social norms is critical for human society, punishing social norm violators often incurs a cost to the self. This cost looms even larger when one can benefit from an unequal distribution of resources, a phenomenon known as advantageous inequity—for example, receiving a higher salary than a colleague with the identical role. In the Ultimatum Game, a classic testbed for fairness norm enforcement, individuals rarely reject (or punish) such unequal proposed divisions of resources because doing so entails a sacrifice of one’s own benefit. Recent work has demonstrated that observing and implementing another’s punitive responses to unfairness can efficiently alter the punitive preferences of an observer. It remains an open question, however, whether such contagion is powerful enough to impart advantageous inequity aversion to individuals—that is, can observing another’s preferences to punish inequity result in increased enforcement of equality norms, even in the difficult case of AI? Using a variant of the Ultimatum Game in which participants are tasked with responding to fairness violations on behalf of another ‘Teacher’—whose aversion to advantageous (versus disadvantageous) inequity was systematically manipulated—we probe whether individuals subsequently increase their punishment unfair after experiencing fairness violations on their own behalf. In two experiments, we found individuals can acquire aversion to advantageous inequity ‘vicariously’ through observing (and implementing) the Teacher’s preferences. Computationally, these learning effects were best characterized by a model which learns the latent structure of the Teacher’s preferences, rather than a simple Reinforcement Learning account. In summary, our study is the first to demonstrate that people can swiftly and readily acquire another’s preferences for advantageous inequity, suggesting in turn that behavioral contagion may be one promising mechanism through which social norm enforcement— which people rarely implement in the case of advantageous inequality—can be enhanced.
An unusual trafficking domain in MSRP6 defines a complex needed for Maurer’s clefts anchoring and maintenance in P. falciparum infected red blood cells
Authors: Blancke Soares Alexandra , Stäcker Jan , Schwald Svenja , Hoijmakers Wieteke , Metwally Nahla Galal , Cronshagen Jakob , Schoeler Hanno , Flemming Sven , Höhn Katharina , Fröhlke Ulrike , Mesén-Ramírez Paolo , Bergmann Bärbel , Khosh-Naucke Melissa , Bruchhaus Iris , Bártfai Richárd , Spielmann Tobias
Published: January 2025

Intracellular malaria blood stage parasites remodel their host cell, a process essential for parasite survival and a cause of pathology in malaria infections. Host cell remodeling depends on the export of different classes of exported parasite proteins into the infected red blood cell (RBC). Here we show that members of a recently discovered group of difficult to predict exported proteins harbor an N-terminal export domain, similar to other classes of exported proteins, indicating that this is a common theme among all classes of exported proteins. For one such protein, MSRP6 (MSP-7 related protein 6), we identified a second, untypical export-mediating domain that corresponded to its MSP7-like region. In addition to its function in export, this domain also mediated attachment to the Maurer’s clefts, prominent parasite-induced structures in the host cell where MSRP6 is located. Using BioID with the Maurer’s clefts attachment domain of MSRP6 to identify interactors and compartment neighbors in live parasites we discovered a novel complex of proteins at the Maurer’s clefts. We show that this complex is necessary for the anchoring and maintaining the structural integrity of the Maurer’s clefts. The Maurer’s clefts are believed to be involved in the transport of the major virulence factor PfEMP1 to the host cell surface where it mediates cytoadherence of infected RBCs to endothelial cells, a main reason for the importance of host cell modifications for parasite virulence in the human host. Taking advantage of MSRP6 complex mutants and IT4 parasites that we modified to express only one specific PfEMP1 we find that abolishing Maurer’s clefts anchoring was neither needed for PfEMP1 transport to the host cell surface nor for cytoadherence. Altogether, this work reveals parasite proteins involved in Maurer’s clefts anchoring and maintenance and unexpectedly finds that these functions seem to be dispensable for virulence factor transport and surface display.
Synaptic input architecture of visual cortical neurons revealed by large-scale synapse imaging without backpropagating action potentials
Authors: Kondo Satoru , Kikuta Kohei , Ohki Kenichi
Published: January 2025

How neurons integrate thousands of synaptic inputs to compute sharply tuned outputs is a critical question in sensory information processing. To answer this question, it is essential to record the location and activity of synaptic inputs
in vivo
. However, back-propagating action potential (BAP) calcium signals invade dendrites and spines, making accurate recording of spine responses difficult. In this study, we first developed a new method to record spine calcium responses without BAP signals. Using this method, we performed large-scale imaging of visually evoked spine activity from layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons and revealed three patterns of dendritic functional architectures of synaptic inputs: dendrites with clusters of spines of similar responses, dendrites with spines of diverse responses, and dendrites with spines where the majority of them show no visual response. Our model suggests that only a small fraction of spines on dendrites of clustered architectures are sufficient to generate sharply tuned output.
Multi-study fMRI outlooks on subcortical BOLD responses in the stop-signal paradigm
Authors: Isherwood Scott JS , Kemp Sarah A , Miletić Steven , Stevenson Niek , Bazin Pierre-Louis , Forstmann Birte U
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the functional network underlying response inhibition in the human brain, particularly the role of the basal ganglia in successful action cancellation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) approaches have frequently used the stop-signal task (SST) to examine this network. We merge five such datasets, using a novel aggregatory method allowing the unification of raw fMRI data across sites. This meta-analysis, along with other recent aggregatory fMRI studies, does not find evidence for the innervation of the
hyperdirect
or
indirect
cortico-basal-ganglia pathways in successful response inhibition. What we do find, is large subcortical activity profiles for
failed stop
trials. We discuss possible explanations for the mismatch of findings between the fMRI results presented here and results from other research modalities that have implicated nodes of the basal ganglia in successful inhibition. We also highlight the substantial effect smoothing can have on the conclusions drawn from task-specific GLMs. First and foremost, this study presents a proof of concept for meta-analytical methods that enable the merging of extensive, unprocessed or unreduced datasets. It demonstrates the significant potential that open-access data sharing can offer to the research community. With an increasing number of datasets being shared publicly, researchers will have the ability to conduct meta-analyses on more than just summary data.
Driver lines for studying associative learning in Drosophila
Authors: Shuai Yichun , Sammons Megan , Sterne Gabriella , Hibbard Karen , Yang He , Yang Ching-Po , Managan Claire , Siwanowicz Igor , Lee Tzumin , Rubin Gerald M , Turner Glenn , Aso Yoshinori
Published: January 2025

The mushroom body (MB) is the center for associative learning in insects. In
Drosophila
, intersectional split-GAL4 drivers and electron microscopy (EM) connectomes have laid the foundation for precise interrogation of the MB neural circuits. However, investigation of many cell types upstream and downstream of the MB has been hindered due to lack of specific driver lines. Here we describe a new collection of over 800 split-GAL4 and split-LexA drivers that cover approximately 300 cell types, including sugar sensory neurons, putative nociceptive ascending neurons, olfactory and thermo-/hygro-sensory projection neurons, interneurons connected with the MB-extrinsic neurons, and various other cell types. We characterized activation phenotypes for a subset of these lines and identified a sugar sensory neuron line most suitable for reward substitution. Leveraging the thousands of confocal microscopy images associated with the collection, we analyzed neuronal morphological stereotypy and discovered that one set of mushroom body output neurons, MBON08/MBON09, exhibits striking individuality and asymmetry across animals. In conjunction with the EM connectome maps, the driver lines reported here offer a powerful resource for functional dissection of neural circuits for associative learning in adult
Drosophila
.
Learned response dynamics reflect stimulus timing and encode temporal expectation violations in superficial layers of mouse V1
Authors: Knudstrup Scott G , Martinez Catalina , Gavornik Jeffrey P
Published: January 2025

The ability to recognize ordered event sequences is a fundamental component of sensory cognition and underlies the capacity to generate temporally specific expectations of future events based on previous experience. Various lines of evidence suggest that the primary visual cortex participates in some form of predictive processing, though many details remain ambiguous. Here we use two-photon calcium imaging in layer 2/3 (L2/3) of the mouse primary visual cortex (V1) to study changes in neural activity under a multi-day sequence learning paradigm with respect to prediction error responses, stimulus encoding, and time. We find increased neural activity at the time an expected, but omitted, stimulus would have occurred but no significant prediction error responses following an unexpected stimulus substitution. Sequence representations became sparser and less correlated with training, although these changes had no effect on decoding accuracy of stimulus identity or timing. Additionally, we find that experience modifies the temporal structure of stimulus responses to produce a bias towards predictive stimulus-locked activity. Finally, we observe significant temporal structure during intersequence rest periods that was largely unchanged by training.
Maintenance of cell wall remodeling and vesicle production are connected in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Salgueiro Vivian , Bertol Jorge , Gutierrez Claude , Serrano-Mestre Jose L , Ferrer-Luzon Noelia , Vázquez-Iniesta Lucía , Palacios Ainhoa , Pasquina-Lemonche Laia , Espaillat Akbar , Lerma Laura , Weinrick Brian , Lavin Jose L , Elortza Felix , Azkalgorta Mikel , Prieto Alicia , Buendía-Nacarino Pilar , Luque-García José L , Neyrolles Olivier , Cava Felipe , Hobbs Jamie K , Sanz Joaquín , Prados-Rosales Rafael
Published: January 2025

Pathogenic and nonpathogenic mycobacteria secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) under various conditions. EVs produced by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
Mtb
) have raised significant interest for their potential in cell communication, nutrient acquisition, and immune evasion. However, the relevance of vesicle secretion during tuberculosis infection remains unknown due to the limited understanding of mycobacterial vesicle biogenesis. We have previously shown that a transposon mutant in the LCP-related gene
virR
(

virR
mut

) manifested a strong attenuated phenotype during experimental macrophage and murine infections, concomitant to enhanced vesicle release. In this study, we aimed to understand the role of VirR in the vesicle production process in
Mtb
. We employ genetic, transcriptional, proteomics, ultrastructural and biochemical methods to investigate the underlying processes explaining the enhanced vesiculogenesis phenomenon observed in the

virR
mut

. Our results establish that VirR is critical to sustain proper cell permeability via regulation of cell envelope remodeling possibly through the interaction with similar cell envelope proteins, which control the link between peptidoglycan and arabinogalactan. These findings advance our understanding of mycobacterial extracellular vesicle biogenesis and suggest that these set of proteins could be attractive targets for therapeutic intervention.
Role of Hepatocyte RIPK1 in Maintaining Liver Homeostasis during Metabolic Challenges
Authors: Zhang Weigao , Liu Hu , Zhang Danyang , Yi Yuguo , Tao Liang , Huang Shuxian , Zhao Xunan , Shao Qianchao , Li Peiqi , Zhang Jianfa , Pan Yan , Lu Wei , Zhang Haibing , Chen Yuxin , Weng Dan
Published: January 2025

As a central hub for metabolism, the liver exhibits strong adaptability to maintain homeostasis in response to food fluctuations throughout evolution. However, the mechanisms governing this resilience remain incompletely understood. In this study, we identified Receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) in hepatocytes as a critical regulator in preserving hepatic homeostasis during metabolic challenges, such as short-term fasting or high-fat dieting. Our results demonstrated that hepatocyte-specific deficiency of RIPK1 sensitized the liver to short-term fasting-induced liver injury and hepatocyte apoptosis in both male and female mice. Despite being a common physiological stressor that typically does not induce liver inflammation, short-term fasting triggered hepatic inflammation and compensatory proliferation in hepatocyte-specific RIPK1-deficient (

Ripk1
Δhep

) mice. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that short-term fasting oriented the hepatic microenvironment into an inflammatory state in

Ripk1
Δhep

mice, with upregulated expression of inflammation and immune cell recruitment-associated genes. Single-cell RNA sequencing further confirmed the altered cellular composition in the liver of

Ripk1
Δhep

mice during fasting, highlighting the increased recruitment of macrophages to the liver. Mechanically, our results indicated that ER stress was involved in fasting-induced liver injury in

Ripk1
Δhep

mice. Overall, our findings revealed the role of RIPK1 in maintaining liver homeostasis during metabolic fluctuations and shed light on the intricate interplay between cell death, inflammation, and metabolism.
SERBP1 interacts with PARP1 and is present in PARylation-dependent protein complexes regulating splicing, cell division, and ribosome biogenesis
Authors: Breunig Kira , Lei Xiufen , Montalbano Mauro , Guardia Gabriela DA , Ostadrahimi Shiva , Alers Victoria , Kosti Adam , Chiou Jennifer , Klein Nicole , Vinarov Corina , Wang Lily , Li Mujia , Song Weidan , Kraus W Lee , Libich David S , Tiziani Stefano , Weintraub Susan T , Galante Pedro AF , Penalva Luiz OF
Published: January 2025

RNA binding proteins (RBPs) containing intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are present in diverse molecular complexes where they function as dynamic regulators. Their characteristics promote liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and the formation of membraneless organelles such as stress granules and nucleoli. IDR-RBPs are particularly relevant in the nervous system and their dysfunction is associated with neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumor development. Serpine1 mRNA-binding protein 1 (SERBP1) is a unique member of this group, being mostly disordered and lacking canonical RNA-binding domains. We defined SERBP1’s interactome, uncovered novel roles in splicing, cell division and ribosomal biogenesis, and showed its participation in pathological stress granules and Tau aggregates in Alzheimer’s brains. SERBP1 preferentially interacts with other G-quadruplex (G4) binders, implicated in different stages of gene expression, suggesting that G4 binding is a critical component of SERBP1 function in different settings. Similarly, we identified important associations between SERBP1 and PARP1/polyADP-ribosylation (PARylation). SERBP1 interacts with PARP1 and its associated factors and influences PARylation. Moreover, protein complexes in which SERBP1 participates contain mostly PARylated proteins and PAR binders. Based on these results, we propose a feedback regulatory model in which SERBP1 influences PARP1 function and PARylation, while PARylation modulates SERBP1 functions and participation in regulatory complexes.
Decoding Phase Separation of Prion-Like Domains through Data-Driven Scaling Laws
Authors: Maristany M Julia , Aguirre Gonzalez Anne , Espinosa Jorge R , Huertas Jan , Collepardo-Guevara Rosana , Joseph Jerelle A
Published: January 2025

Proteins containing prion-like low complexity domains (PLDs) are common drivers of the formation of biomolecular condensates and are prone to misregulation due to amino acid mutations. Here, we exploit the accuracy of our residue-resolution coarse-grained model, Mpipi, to quantify the impact of amino acid mutations on the stability of 140 PLD mutants from six proteins (hnRNPA1, TDP43, FUS, EWSR1, RBM14, and TIA1). Our simulations reveal the existence of scaling laws that quantify the range of change in the critical solution temperature of PLDs as a function of the number and type of amino acid sequence mutations. These rules are consistent with the physicochemical properties of the mutations and extend across the entire family tested, suggesting that scaling laws can be used as tools to predict changes in the stability of PLD condensates. Our work offers a quantitative lens into how the emergent behavior of PLD solutions varies in response to physicochemical changes of single PLD molecules.
Responses of fungal communities at different soil depths to grazing intensity in a desert steppe
Authors: Tu Xiangjian , Struik Paul C. , Sun Shixian , Wenbo Zhang , Zhang Yong , Jin Ke , Wang Zhen
Published: January 2025

Grazing can alter the physicochemical properties of soil and quickly influence the composition of microbial communities. However, the effects of grazing intensity on fungal community composition in different soil depth remain unclear. On the Inner Mongolia Plateau, we studied the effects of grazing intensity treatments including no grazing (NG), light grazing (LG), moderate grazing (MG), heavy grazing (HG), and over grazing (OG) on the physicochemical properties and fungal community composition of surface (0–20 cm) and subsurface (20–40 cm) soil layers. The α-diversity of fungi in subsurface soil decreased under the influence of grazing. The relative abundance of Ascomycota in the subsoil was higher than that in the topsoil, while the situation of Basidiomycota was the opposite. This was caused by the differences in the soil carbon (C) environment for the growth of oligotrophic and copiotrophic fungi. In the subsoil, grazing affected nutrient contents such as soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN), resulting in significantly lower relative abundance of Ortierellomycota under LG, HG, and OG than in the NG. HG showed much higher relative abundance of Glomeromycota. Results of a multiple regression tree (MRT) analysis revealed that TN and nitrate nitrogen affected the fungal α-diversity in top- and subsoils, respectively; the main driving factor regulating fungal community changes was soil water content (SWC) in the topsoil, while it was ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the subsoil. The results of our study indicate that grazing changes the soil environment by changing TN, SWC, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and affects the diversity and community structure of soil fungi. This provides empirical support for coping with the impact of grazing on soil microbiomes in desert steppes.