bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individual uromodulin serum concentration is independent of glomerular filtration rate in healthy kidney donors
Authors: Enko Dietmar , Meinitzer Andreas , Scherberich Jürgen E. , März Winfried , Herrmann Markus , Artinger Katharina , Rosenkranz Alexander R. , Zitta Sabine
Published: October 2020

Objectives

The mucoprotein uromodulin is considered to correlate with glomerular filtration rates (GFR) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here we investigated how serum uromodulin is associated with measured GFR using inulin-clearance and GFR estimated by CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equation in healthy subjects.

Methods

We assessed possible correlations between uromodulin serum concentrations, inulin-GFR and CKD-EPI-GFR in a well characterized study cohort of 112 healthy living kidney donors with two kidneys before and 64 with one kidney after kidney donation. A subgroup of 32 individuals, which presented data before and after nephrectomy, was assessed separately.

Results

All 112 healthy living kidney donors with two kidneys revealed individual serum uromodulin concentrations between 60.1 and 450.5 µg/L. Sixty-four healthy kidney donors after nephrectomy had significantly lower median (interquartile range) serum uromodulin concentrations (124 [101–166] vs. 185 [152–238] µg/L), inulin-GFR (67.3 [60.6–74.6] vs. 93.5 [82.1–104.4] mL/min/1.73 m2), and CKD-EPI-GFR (61.2 [53.1–69.7] vs. 88.6 [80.0–97.1] mL/min/1.73 m2) as compared to the 112 donors before donation (p<0.001). The subgroup of 32 subjects, which presented data before and after nephrectomy, showed almost the same pattern of kidney function. No statistically relevant associations were found between serum uromodulin and inulin-GFR or CKD-EPI-GFR regarding this healthy population.

Conclusions

These novel findings indicate that – in contrast to patients with CKD – serum uromodulin concentrations are not correlated with measured and estimated GFR in healthy individuals.
Model based control strategies to control voltage of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Siva Mullapudi , Meshram Snehal , Patle Dipesh S , Babu Gara Uday Bhaskar
Published: October 2020

The present work deals with the evaluation of model based control strategies for a PEM fuel cell to control voltage. PEM fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts the chemical energy to electrical energy. Stack voltage is affected by many factors like stack temperature, moisture content of the membrane, partial pressure of hydrogen and air, inlet rate of hydrogen and air and also fuel starvation affects the rate of reaction and hence the voltage produced. In this work, two single input single output models are taken with stack voltage as controlled variable and hydrogen and air flow rate as manipulated variables respectively. The simulation study on two different control structures i.e., feedback and feedback plus feed forward control structures evaluates the effectiveness of proposed controllers concerning set-point tracking and disturbance rejection. Comparative study is carried out by simulations by implementing various model based control strategies, PI, IMC-PID and MPC. The results shows that MPC gives best results in terms of Integral Square error (ISE), Integral Absolute error (IAE) and controller effort (TV). In addition, robust stability analysis is carried out for uncertainty in the process parameters. Also, the controller fragility is studied for uncertainty in the controller parameters.
Genetic influence of DPYD*9A polymorphism on plasma levels of 5-fluorouracil and subsequent toxicity after oral administration of capecitabine in colorectal cancer patients of South Indian origin
Authors: Varma Ashok , Jayanthi Mathaiyan , Dubashi Biswajit , Shewade Deepak Gopal , Sundaram Rajan
Published: October 2020

Objectives

High interindividual variability was reported with capecitabine toxicities among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. DPYD*9A polymorphism was reported responsible for grade 3 or 4 toxicities. Finding the phenotypic association between DPYD*9A polymorphism and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) plasma levels will give a better prediction for toxicity susceptibility.

Methods

A total of 145 CRC patients were included in the final analysis. Each patient received capecitabine of 1,000 mg/m2 twice daily for the first 14 days of a 21 day cycle. 5-FU levels were measured at two-time points 2 and 3 h post capecitabine administration across the 1st and 4th cycles of chemotherapy. 5-FU levels were measured using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Genotyping analysis was done by real-time PCR (RT-PCR).

Results

The mean 5-FU drug levels measured during the 1st cycle at time points 2 and 3 h were found to be 267 ng/mL ± (29) and 124 ng/mL ± (22) respectively. Whereas, the observed 5-FU levels in the 4th cycle were 275 ng/mL ± (28) and 130 ng/mL ± (26) respectively. Patients with 5-FU levels in the range of 281–320 and 141–160 ng/mL at 2 and 3 h respectively showed a higher risk for the hand-foot syndrome (HFS) and thrombocytopenia. No association was found between DPYD*9A polymorphism and 5-FU drug levels measured at time point 2 h across both the cycles. However, the drug levels measured at 3 h were found to be significantly different across the DPYD*9A genotypes. Individuals with GG genotype showed significantly higher 5-FU levels when compared to AA genotype.

Conclusions

DPYD*9A polymorphism had a significant influence on the plasma levels of 5-FU after capecitabine administration. The 5-FU levels measured at 3 h corresponding to elimination t1/2 was significantly higher in patients with GG genotype compared AA genotype.
What’s in a name? Identity, indexicality and name-change in an immigrant context
Authors: Obojska Maria
Published: October 2020

The present study explores the case of a transnational Polish family in Norway in which one of the care givers as well as the teenage son underwent a name change after their initial experiences of migration. Drawing on the audio-recorded interactions in the interview situation, the article investigates the identity constructions of the focal participant in his narrative about the name change. To this end, first, the indexicalities of the social identity categoryPoleas constructed in Norwegian media and the participants’ accounts are outlined. Then, against this backdrop, the focal participant’s identity claims as occasioned in the narrative on the name change are discursively analyzed. The analysis shows that the identity claims the focal participant makes aim at dissociating himself from the powerless, stigmatized position of a migrant, in which he was cast upon his arrival in Norway. Furthermore, the study suggests that migrant identity constructions need to be considered against the participants’ lived experiences of migration, larger societal discourses and against participants’ constructions of belonging to imagined communities.
Microstrip coupled high sensitivity sensor for water ethanol mixture characterization
Authors: Hafdi Zakarya , Tao Junwu , Chaabi Abdelhafid
Published: October 2020

A multi spiral split ring resonator based sensor is proposed for the characterization of the dielectric properties of a water ethanol mixture. The use of a narrowed microstrip line to excite the multi spiral resonator allows enhancement of excitation current and increase the sensitivity of the sensing area. Good agreement will be presented between theoretical and measured electrical parameters of the resonator in a wide frequency range from 2 to 5 GHz. The proposed sensor shows high sensitivity, miniature size, and affordable cost and above all laboratory-on-chip compatibility important for a large-scale production.
Emergency Manager Perceptions of the Effectiveness and Limitations of Mass Notification Systems: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Pelfrey William V.
Published: October 2020

Disasters can move quickly. Effective communication is a critical resource that can significantly enhance public safety. A mass notification system (MNS) uses text messaging to inform constituents of crisis, provide recommendations, connect to resources, and has the advantage of speed. Limited research has been conducted on the variables that influence the effectiveness, utilization, and perceptions of MNS. The extant study employs a multi-method approach to advance the scholarly knowledge on MNS. All emergency managers in a state were surveyed on issues of MNS enrollment, utilization, and brand. A subgroup of emergency managers were then interviewed to provide depth to the survey findings. Key findings indicate wide variability in MNS usage, little relationship between population size and enrollment, and a high perceived importance of MNS as a communication modality. Policy implications and recommendations are offered.
Pubertal development and adult height in patients with congenital hypothyroidism detected by neonatal screening in southern Brazil
Authors: Nesi-França Suzana , Silveira Rodrigo B. , Rojas Ramos Juliana Cristina R. , Cardoso-Demartini Adriane A. , Lima Cat Monica N. , de Carvalho Julienne A. R. , Pereira Rosana M. , De Lacerda Luiz
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Adequate treatment of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is required for normal growth and sexual development. To evaluate pubertal development in patients with permanent CH detected by a statewide Neonatal Screening Program of Paraná and, secondly, to evaluate adult height (AH) in a subgroup of patients.

Methods

Clinical, laboratory, and auxological data obtained from medical records of 174 patients (123 girls).

Results

Median chronological age (CA) at treatment initiation was 24 days, and mean initial levothyroxine dose was 11.7 ± 1.9 μg/kg/day; mean CA at puberty onset was 11.5 ± 1.3 years (boys) and 9.7 ± 1.2 years (girls); mean CA in girls who underwent menarche (n=81) was 12.1 ± 1.1 years. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values above the normal range were observed in 36.4% of the boys and 32.7% of the girls on puberty onset, and in 44.6% around menarche. Among 15 boys and 66 girls who had reached the AH, the median height z-score value was significantly greater than the target height (TH) z-score value in boys (p=0.01) and in girls (p<0.001). Boys with normal TSH values at puberty onset had greater mean AH z-score compared with boys with TSH values above the normal range (p=0.04).

Conclusions

In this group, pubertal development in girls with CH was not different from that reported in healthy girls in the general Brazilian population. Boys with higher TSH at puberty onset may have an increased risk of not reaching their potential height compared with those with normal TSH during this period. In a subgroup who attained AH, the median AH z-score was greater than the median TH z-score.
Partitive accomplishments across languages
Authors: Martin Fabienne , Demirdache Hamida
Published: October 2020

We very warmly dedicate this volume to the memory of Edit Doron, Anita Mittwoch and Susan Rothstein for their inspiring and outstanding contribution to research on tense, aspect and verb meanings.
Multipolar and bulk modes: fundamentals of single-particle plasmonics through the advances in electron and photon techniques
Authors: Tsoulos Ted V. , Batson Philip E. , Fabris Laura
Published: October 2020

Recent developments in the application of plasmonic nanoparticles have showcased the importance of understanding in detail their plasmonic resonances at the single-particle level. These resonances can be excited and probed through various methods, which can be grouped in four categories, depending on whether excitation and detection involve electrons (electron energy loss spectroscopy), photons (e.g., dark-field microscopy), or both (cathodoluminescence and photon-induced near-field electron microscopy). While both photon-based and electron-based methods have made great strides toward deepening our understanding of known plasmonic properties and discovering new ones, they have in general progressed in parallel, without much cross-pollination. This evolution can be primarily attributed to the different theoretical approaches driving these techniques, mainly dictated by the inherent different nature of electrons and photons. The discrepancies that still exist among them have hampered the development of a holistic approach to the characterization of plasmonic materials. In this review therefore, we aim to briefly present those electron-based and photon-based methods fundamental to the study of plasmonic properties at the single-particle level, with an eye to new behaviors involving multipolar, propagating, and bulk modes coexisting in colloidal nanostructures. By exploring the key fundamental discoveries in nanoparticle plasmonics achieved with these techniques, herein we assess how integrating this information could encourage the creation of a unified understanding of the various phenomena occurring in individual nanoparticles, which would benefit the plasmonics and electron microscopy communities alike.
Multiobjective and categorical global optimization of photonic structures based on ResNet generative neural networks
Authors: Jiang Jiaqi , Fan Jonathan A.
Published: October 2020

We show that deep generative neural networks, based on global optimization networks (GLOnets), can be configured to perform the multiobjective and categorical global optimization of photonic devices. A residual network scheme enables GLOnets to evolve from a deep architecture, which is required to properly search the full design space early in the optimization process, to a shallow network that generates a narrow distribution of globally optimal devices. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we adapt our method to design thin-film stacks consisting of multiple material types. Benchmarks with known globally optimized antireflection structures indicate that GLOnets can find the global optimum with orders of magnitude faster speeds compared to conventional algorithms. We also demonstrate the utility of our method in complex design tasks with its application to incandescent light filters. These results indicate that advanced concepts in deep learning can push the capabilities of inverse design algorithms for photonics.
Perspective on using multiple orbital-angular-momentum beams for enhanced capacity in free-space optical communication links
Authors: Willner Alan E. , Liu Cong
Published: October 2020

Structured light has gained much interest in increasing communications capacity through the simultaneous transmission of multiple orthogonal beams. This paper gives a perspective on the current state of the art and future challenges, especially with regards to the use of multiple orbital angular momentum modes for system performance enhancement.
Vom Krieg zur Liebe. Nietzsches Philosophieren über Männlichkeiten im Lichte von Gegenwartsdebatten
Authors: Thorgeirsdottir Sigridur
Published: October 2020

Recent discussions have connected Nietzsche’s philosophy of masculinity to the return of authoritarian politics. Neoconservative debates about masculinity, and right-wing extremism, explicitly refer back to Nietzsche’s philosophy and often present democratization, a feminization of society, and political correctness as responsible for a weakening of masculinity. One example for this reception of Nietzsche’s writings is Jordan Peterson’s psychological diagnosis of a presumed crisis of masculinity. This article undertakes a comparison of Nietzsche’s philosophy of masculinities with Peterson’s neo-Jungian psychology of masculinity in the context of recent conceptualizations of patriarchy, misogyny, and gendered forms of ressentiment. This comparison will highlight that Nietzsche’s conception of masculinity is more complex, and has philosophically more to offer, than neoconservative ideas about masculinity that onesidedly foreground male strength. Finally it will be pointed out how a Jungian analysis discloses aspects of the Dionysian that are of relevance to contemporary gender studies of Nietzsche’s philosophy.
Influence of the earth connections of the PWM drive on the voltage constraints endured by the motor insulation
Authors: Roger Daniel , Napieralska-Juszczak Ewa , Komeza Krzysztof
Published: October 2020

The high electrical stresses in the Electrical Insulation Systems of machines fed by pulse width modulation (PWM) inverters remain a limitation of the lifetime. The stress is caused by repetitive over voltages caused by the short switching times of the PWM inverter power electronic circuit. This paper provides measurements made on an industrial drive connected to the grid with standard cables that include a ground connection wire, following the current standards. The phase-to-phase, phase-to-neutral, and neutral-to-ground voltages are measured focusing on short and repetitive voltage spikes. The causes of these voltage spikes are analyzed using a high frequency equivalent circuit of the whole drive, including the earthing system. The simulations are made with the well-known SPICE circuit simulator. This study focuses on the common-mode currents flowing in the earthing connections and its influence on voltage spikes. A solution that can reduce significantly the phase-to-neutral voltage spikes is proposed.
At the end of the world? Settlement in the Šumava mountains and foothills in later prehistory
Authors: Dreslerová Dagmar , Romportl Dušan , Čišecký Čeněk , Fröhlich Jiří , Michálek Jan , Metlička Milan , Parkman Marek , Pták Martin
Published: October 2020

The aim of this paper is to explore and define the boundary of the zone of inland, mainly agricultural settlement in southern and western Bohemia, Czech Republic in the later prehistory, and to try to determine why such settlement appears not to have spread further into the Šumava foothills and mountains. With the help of predictive MaxEnt modelling – used in ecology to determine the degree of uncertainty in the geographic distribution of species – and using a comparison with data on soil productivity, we explore whether in later prehistory the agricultural settlement was limited by unsuitable natural conditions or by other factors. The boundaries of the territory suitable for agropastoral farming most probably moved in time with technological advances, increases in population density, and the changing preferences of inhabitants of the Bronze and Iron Ages. The margin of agricultural settlement in the foothills describes a line beyond which agriculture had become unprofitable; a similar boundary existed throughout the Early Middle Ages. At the same time, there was a good deal of contact across the mountains with Bavaria and Upper Austria, as is shown by archaeology both in the form of similarities between the prehistoric typo-chronological complexes and by finds of bronze and iron items along presumed routes of access. There were also montane sites (whose function is still unknown) situated beyond the margin of the agricultural zone, such as the recently discovered settlements on the Křemelná river. Apart from prospection, a wide range of other activities could have taken place, including those connected with communication and routes of access to Bavaria and Upper Austria, with which Šumava formed a common typo-chronological group.
Metrological characterization of the thermomechanical influence of the cross-section of the undeformed chip on the surface properties in turning of the aluminum alloy EN AW-2017
Authors: Junge Thomas , Mehner Thomas , Nestler Andreas , Schubert Andreas , Lampke Thomas
Published: October 2020

The surface integrity strongly affects the performance properties of parts. Therefore, it is of great importance to be able to measure and adjust the surface-layer properties during the manufacturing process. In particular, cutting operations are characterized by high mechanical loads and temperature gradients in the area of chip formation. To enable a targeted control of the surface-layer properties, a fundamental comprehension of the interrelationships between the thermomechanical impact and the thereby induced material modification is required. Hence, the subject of this study is to measure the thermomechanical changes during turning of the aluminium alloy EN AW-2017 and find correlations thereof to the surface integrity. In order to achieve a large variation of the thermal and mechanical loads, the feed f (0.04 mm to 0.2 mm) and the depth of cut

a

p

{a_{\mathrm{p}}}

(0.4 mm to 2 mm) are varied over a wide range. The cutting speed

v

c

{v_{\mathrm{c}}}

is kept constant (300 m/min). For the in-process measurement of the temperatures and contact conditions at the interface of the tool and the specimen, a tool-workpiece thermocouple is used. Additionally, the components of the resultant force are measured by a dynamometer. The characterization of the surface layer is performed by the measurement of the residual stresses using X-ray diffraction and supplemented by the determination of the geometrical properties of the machined surface using a stylus measurement instrument. The results show an increase in temperature and the components of the resultant force with the enlargement of the cross-section of the undeformed chip. Due to the temperature gradient, tensile residual stresses are introduced in the tangential direction of the surface layer. Compressive residual stresses occur only in the axial direction and can be correlated with the in-process measurement data by introducing the C-value. Consequently, the calculation of the presence of compressive residual stresses allows for a targeted control of the surface-layer properties during machining.
Recontextualisation and advocacy in the translation zone
Authors: Blackledge Adrian , Creese Angela
Published: October 2020

This paper reports an element of a team linguistic ethnography which investigated the ways people communicate with each other in the changing, dynamic environments of superdiverse cities in the UK. The particular example examined here is that of a ‘translation zone’ between an advice worker and her Chinese clients in a community centre with a remit to support Chinese people in the city. In the interaction the advice worker, herself a migrant from China, translates relevant aspects of the complex, bureaucratic welfare benefits system, deploying interlingual, intralingual, and intersemiotic translation. More than this, however, the advice worker engages in recontextualisation, co-constructing and re-shaping the client’s narrative so that it meets the criteria of the government welfare benefits office. Recontextualisation is a consistent feature of the discourse practice of the advice worker as she seeks to support her clients. We propose that it may well be a salient feature of interactional encounters as people seek help and advocacy to negotiate complex bureaucratic systems.
Surface-state energies and wave functions in layered organic conductors
Authors: Krstovska Danica , Skeparovski Aleksandar
Published: October 2020

We have calculated and analyzed the surface-state energies and wave functions in quasi-two dimensional (Q2D) organic conductors in a magnetic field parallel to the surface. Two different forms for the electron energy spectrum are used in order to obtain more information on the elementary properties of surface states in these conductors. In addition, two mathematical approaches are implemented that include the eigenvalue and eigenstate problem as well as the quantization rule. We find significant differences in calculations of the surface-state energies arising from the specific form of the energy dispersion law. This is correlated with the different conditions needed to calculate the surface-state energies, magnetic field resonant values and the surface wave functions. The calculations reveal that the value of the coordinate of the electron orbit must be different for each state in order to numerically calculate the surface energies for one energy dispersion law, but it has the same value for each state for the other energy dispersion law. This allows to determine more accurately the geometric characteristics of the electron skipping trajectories in Q2D organic conductors. The possible reasons for differences associated with implementation of two distinct energy spectra are discussed. By comparing and analyzing the results we find that, when the energy dispersion law obtained within the tight-binding approximation is used the results are more relevant and reflect the Q2D nature of the organic conductors. This might be very important for studying the unique properties of these conductors and their wider application in organic electronics.
Composition of the essential oils of three Malaysian Xylopia species (Annonaceae)
Authors: Shakri Natasa Mohd , Salleh Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan , Khamis Shamsul , Mohamad Ali Nor Azah , Nadri Muhammad Helmi
Published: October 2020

The rich and diversified Malaysian flora represents an excellent resource of new chemical structures with biological activities. The genus Xylopia L. includes aromatic plants that have both nutritional and medicinal uses. This study aims to contribute with information about the volatile components of three Xylopia species essential oils: Xylopia frutescens, Xylopia ferruginea, and Xylopia magna. In this study, essential oils were extracted from the leaves by a hydrodistillation process. The identification of the essential oil components was performed by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography–coupled mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major components of the essential oils from X. frutescens were bicyclogermacrene (22.8%), germacrene D (14.2%), elemol (12.8%), and guaiol (12.8%), whereas components of the essential oils from X. magna were germacrene D (35.9%), bicyclogermacrene (22.8%), and spathulenol (11.1%). The X. ferruginea oil was dominated by bicyclogermacrene (23.6%), elemol (13.7%), guaiol (13.4%), and germacrene D (12.3%).
Ground-Based Corroboration of GOES-17 Fire Detection Capabilities During Ignition of the Kincade Fire
Authors: Lindley T. Todd , Zwink Alexander B. , Gravelle Chad M. , Schmidt Christopher C. , Palmer Cynthia K. , Rowe Scott T. , Heffernan Robyn , Driscoll Neal , Kent Graham M.
Published: October 2020

Corroboration of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-17 (GOES-17) wildland fire detection capabilities occurred during the 24 October 2019 (evening of 23 October LST) ignition of the Kincade Fire in northern California. Post-analysis of remote sensing data compared to observations by the ALERTWildfire fire surveillance video system suggests that the emerging Kincade Fire hotspot was visually evident in GOES17 shortwave infrared imagery 52 s after the initial near-infrared heat source detected by the ground-based camera network. GOES-17 Advanced Baseline Imager Fire Detection Characteristic algorithms registered the fire 5 min after ignition. These observations represent the first documented comparative dataset between fire initiation and satellite detection, and thus provide context for GOES-16/17 wildland fire detections.
Chemogenetic Inhibition of Infralimbic Prefrontal Cortex GABAergic Parvalbumin Interneurons Attenuates the Impact of Chronic Stress in Male Mice
Authors: Nawreen Nawshaba , Cotella Evelin M. , Morano Rachel , Mahbod Parinaz , Dalal Khushali S. , Fitzgerald Maureen , Martelle Susan , Packard Benjamin A. , Franco-Villanueva Ana , Moloney Rachel D. , Herman James P.
Published: October 2020

Hypofunction of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) contributes to stress-related neuropsychiatric illnesses. Mechanisms leading to prefrontal hypoactivity remain to be determined. Prior evidence suggests that chronic stress leads to an increase in activity of parvalbumin (PV) expressing GABAergic interneurons (INs) in the PFC. The purpose of the study was to determine whether reducing PV IN activity in the Infralimbic (IL) PFC would prevent stress-related phenotypes. We used a chemogenetic approach to inhibit IL PFC PV INs during stress. Mice were first tested in the tail suspension test (TST) to determine the impact of PV IN inhibition on behavioral responses to acute stress. The long-term impact of PV IN inhibition during a modified chronic variable stress (CVS) was tested in the forced swim test (FST). Acute PV IN inhibition reduced active (struggling) and increased passive coping behaviors (immobility) in the TST. In contrast, inhibition of PV INs during CVS increased active and reduced passive coping behaviors in the FST. Moreover, chronic inhibition of PV INs attenuated CVS-induced changes in Fos expression in the prelimbic cortex (PrL), basolateral amygdala (BLA), and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) and also attenuated adrenal hypertrophy and body weight loss associated with chronic stress. Our results suggest differential roles of PV INs in acute versus chronic stress, indicative of distinct biological mechanisms underlying acute versus chronic stress responses. Our results also indicate a role for PV INs in driving chronic stress adaptation and support literature evidence suggesting cortical GABAergic INs as a therapeutic target in stress-related illnesses.
A Focal Inactivation and Computational Study of Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray and Deep Mesencephalic Reticular Nucleus Involvement in Sleep State Switching and Bistability
Authors: Grace Kevin P. , Horner Richard L.
Published: October 2020

Neurons of the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) and adjacent deep mesencephalic reticular nucleus (DpMe) are implicated in the control of sleep-wake state and are hypothesized components of a flip-flop circuit that maintains sleep bistability by preventing the overexpression of non-rapid eye movement (NREM)/REM sleep intermediary states (NRt). To determine the contribution of vlPAG/DpMe neurons in maintaining sleep bistability we combined computer simulations of flip-flop circuitry with focal inactivation of vlPAG/DpMe neurons by microdialysis delivery of the GABAAreceptor agonist muscimol in freely behaving male rats (n = 25) instrumented for electroencephalographic and electromyographic recording. REM sleep was enhanced by muscimol at the vlPAG/DpMe, consistent with previous studies; however, our analyses of NRt dynamicsin vivoand those produced by flop-flop circuit simulations show that current thinking is too narrowly focused on the contribution of REM sleep-inactive populations toward vlPAG/DpMe involvement in REM sleep control. We found that much of the muscimol-mediated increase in REM sleep was more appropriately classified as NRt. This loss of sleep bistability was accompanied by fragmentation of REM sleep, as evidenced by an increased number of short REM sleep bouts. REM sleep fragmentation stemmed from an increased number and duration of NRt bouts originating in REM sleep. By contrast, NREM sleep bouts were not likewise fragmented by vlPAG/DpMe inactivation. In flip-flop circuit simulations, these changes could not be replicated through inhibition of the REM sleep-inactive population alone. Instead, combined suppression of REM sleep active and inactive vlPAG/DpMe subpopulations was required to replicate the changes in NRt dynamics.
Formación y gestión del patrimonio conventual femenino: dos modelos convergentes, siglos XVI-XVIII
Authors: Catalán Martínez Elena Natividad
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un análisis comparativo de las estrategias de formación y consolidación de la propiedad en dos conventos con diferentes marcos legales y económicos. Este estudio muestra que cualquiera que sea el origen y la composición patrimonial de los conventos y monasterios, su gestión estuvo presidida por criterios de rentabilidad económica, mostrando una gran capacidad de adaptación a diferentes situaciones. Contrariamente a la imagen pasiva que ofrece la historiografía, los conventos femeninosmostraron todo el dinamismo posible en una economía preindustrial.
La mudable suficiencia financiera de la Intendencia de Mallorca en el siglo XVIII: entre limitaciones, crisis y guerras
Authors: Coll Coll Ana María
Published: October 2020

En este trabajo valoramos las limitaciones de la Intendencia de Mallorca durante el siglo XVIII, así como los recursos de los que podía disponer con mayor premura para garantizar la subsistencia de su sistema político-administrativo y de las tropas afincadas en las islas. La dinámica fiscal y la importancia de rentas, como la del real patrimonio, se analizan en diferentes coyunturas, especialmente durante el período de 1744-1751, cuando el papel de las instituciones también fue relevante. Asimismo, veremos la frágil suficiencia financiera de la tesorería insular, que necesitó de inyecciones de caudales para compensar los sobrecostes generados por los incrementos de tropas vinculados a movimientos militares en el Mediterráneo.
The Structure of the Discharge Site of Steam Hydrothermal Fluids in the Area of the Upper Pauzhetka Thermal Field (Southern Kamchatka)
Authors: Feofilaktov S.O. , Rychagov S.N. , Bukatov Yu.Yu. , Nuzhdaev I.A. , Denisov D.K.
Published: October 2020

—Comprehensive geological and geophysical investigations were conducted to obtain new data on the structure and physical nature of the discharge site of steam hydrothermal fluids by the example of the Pauzhetka geothermal deposit (southern Kamchatka). An isometric concentric zonal structure has been identified within the temperature, geoelectric, magnetic, and gravimetric fields. It spatially correlates with an elevated tectonic block previously detected in the area of the Upper Pauzhetka thermal field. The central part of this structure includes a consolidated rock block composed presumably of quartz–adularia metasomatites formed at the pre-Holocene stage of evolution of the Pauzhetka hydrothermal system. The rocks form a physical heterogeneity within the structure of the aquifer, which greatly contributes to the distribution of flows of ascending thermal, mixed, and meteoric waters beneath the Upper Pauzhetka thermal field. The central area of the isometric concentric zonal structure is outlined by a zone consisting of local anomalies of positive magnetic-field values. The wide occurrence of subintrusive bodies (sills, dikes, and extrusion roots) of intermediate to rhyolite composition suggests the magmatic nature of the identified anomalies. The peripheral areas correlate with large discharge sites of high-temperature fluids. Thus, it is demonstrated that the structure of the circulation zones of waters of various types in the area of the Upper Pauzhetka thermal field is governed by the concentric zonal structure of the elevated tectonic block and the distribution of physical heterogeneities, both primary (of magmatic or volcanosedimentary nature) and resulted from the hydrothermal metasomatic alteration of the source rocks.
Methane Fluxes at the Water–Atmosphere Interface in the Southern Tatar Strait of the Sea of Japan: Distribution and Variation
Authors: Shakirov R.B. , Valitov M.G. , Syrbu N.S. , Yatsuk A.V. , Obzhirov A.I. , Mishukov V.F. , Lifanskii E.V. , Mishukova O.V. , Salomatin A.S.
Published: October 2020

—We present the results of gas-geochemical surveys in the sea surface water layer, water column, and bottom sediments of the Tatar Strait (north of the Sea of Japan) in 2012, 2014, 2015, 2017, and 2018. The distribution of methane fluxes at the water–atmosphere interface is examined, and its relationship with the geologic structure of the Tatar Strait area is discussed. Methane emission has been revealed throughout most of the Tatar Strait area. The most intense methane fluxes at the water–atmosphere interface, up to 482 mol/(km2×day), are observed on the gas-bearing southwestern shelf and on the gas hydrate slope of Sakhalin Island. The high concentrations of methane in seawater and the high contents of methane, hydrogen, and helium in the shelf and slope bottom sediments are probably due to the seismotectonic activity in the region, the presence of gas hydrates, gas concentration zones, gas migration channels, and the regional deep structure. Application of the model for calculation of the flux and impurity transfer fields to the studied water area has shown high methane emission from the sea surface in areas of vertical gas migration from lithospheric sources. The contribution of hydrodynamic factors to the formation of such zones of high methane emission is less than that of geologic factors. The obtained data on methane flux at the water–atmosphere interface for a shallow sea gave a detailed insight into the main gas discharge zones in the southern Tatar Strait.
Pengguguran Kewajiban Shalat Berjama’ah Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Penyebaran Covid-19
Authors: Fahrudin Imam
Published: October 2020

Beralihnya status Covid-19 dari epidemi menjadi pandemi setidaknya sudah dapat mengubrak-abrik tatanan kehidupan umat manusia. Aktivitas kenegaraan dan pemerintahan hingga aktivita warga negara perlu rekontruksi untuk menyesuaikan status darurat kesehatan global Covid-19 yang ditetapkan oleh WHO. Segala sendi kehidupan dialihkan dari bertemu langsung menjadi virtual. Hal ini dilakukan terkait himbauan social distancing dan work from home. Seseorang harus menunda berpergian, menunda pertemuan, menunda seminar, dan aktivitas-aktivitas yang melibatkan banyak massa. Bahkan kegiatan keagamaan yang notabene adalah hal paling personal juga tidak luput dari pengawasan dan pantauan. Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI ) dengan sigap menyikapi status darurat Covid-19 dan himbauan untuk di rumah saja dari kebijakan pemerintah dengan mengeluarkan fatwa nomor 14 tahun 2020 yang berisi usaha-usaha pencegahan penyebaran Covid-19. MUI sejalan dengan NU dan Muhammadiyah, terkhusus dalam penyelenggaraan kegiatan peribadahan yang bersifat massal agar dapat dijalankan di rumah masing-masing. Hal ini dilakukan semata untuk kemaslahatan umat manusia dalam memutus rantai penyebaran Covid-19.
Analisis Kebijakan Penarikan Zakat Umar bin Khattab dan Relevansinya Terhadap Masa Krisis Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Iskandar Azwar , Aqbar Khaerul
Published: October 2020

This research aims to analyze the policy of zakah gathering of Umar bin Khattab and to relevance it with the condition or crisis period of Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This research uses qualitative method of descriptive approach with content analysis techniques and library research. The results showed several things. Firstly, among the policy forms of Umar ibn Khattab in zakah gathering are: (1) Umar bin Khattab allowed to take the badal (substitute) from zakah as an element of ease (taisir) for the Muzaki; (2) Umar bin Khattab is very flexible in taking zakat from Muslims, especially in certain conditions and situations. Secondly, the various policies of Umar ibn Khattab have strong relevance to the current Covid-19 pandemic crisis, so that it can be a reference to establishing a zakah policy in Indonesia.
Kontribusi Desain Komunikasi Visual dalam Anti-Hoax System saat Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia
Authors: Marsudi Marsudi , Sampurno Muchammad Bayu Tejo , Wiratmoko Condro , Ratyaningrum Fera
Published: October 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini ingin membahas tentang kecenderungan maraknya hoax saat pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia, dan sebagai tindakan solutif adalah mengeksplorasi kontribusi Desain Komunikasi Visual sebagai anti-hoax system saat pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang dipadukan dengan poin kunci pendekatan etnografi virtual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) penyebaran informasi palsu atau hoax disebabkan karena kemudahan dalam meneruskan informasi; (2) kemudahan tersebut ironisnya tidak diikuti dengan daya pemikiran kritis yang berlandaskan akademis sehingga informasi palsu dan hoax dapat dengan mudah menyebar di masyarakat; (3) Desain Komunikasi Visual dapat menjadi solusi dengan cara membiasakan calon desainernya untuk berpikiran kritis dan melakukan eksplorasi ide kreatif dalam karyanya dengan berbasis riset; (4) Desainer komunikasi visual mampu memberikan rasa nyaman kepada masyarakat dengan karya yang turut memerhatikan efeknya terhadap psikologis penontonnya.Kata kunci: kontribusi Desain Komunikasi Visual, anti-hoax system, pandemi Covid-19, Indonesia AbstractThis research wants to discuss the tendency of hoaxes to emerge during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia, and as a solutive measure is to explore the contribution of Visual Communication Design as an anti-hoax system during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This study uses qualitative methods combined with key points of the virtual ethnographic approach. The results showed (1) the dissemination of false information or hoaxes caused by the ease in forwarding information; (2) the convenience is ironically not followed by critical thinking power based on academics so that false information and hoaxes can easily spread in the community; (3) Visual Communication Design can be a solution by getting the potential designers to think critically and explore creative ideas in their work with research-based; (4) Visual communication designers are able to provide a sense of comfort to the public with works that also pay attention to their psychological psychological effects.Keywords: contribution of Visual Communication Design, anti-hoax system, Indonesian Covid-19 pandemic
SEARCHING AND IN SILLICO CHARACTERIZATION OF STREPTOMYCES PHAGE ENDOLYSINS AND THEIR CATALYTIC DOMAINS
Authors: Peterkova Darina , Šramková Zuzana , Mancoš Michaela , Godány Andrej
Published: October 2020

Endolysins, peptidoglycan hydrolases encoded by bacteriophages, degrade bacterial cell wall and are promising alternative to antibiotics. Howewer, the selection and bioengineering of endolysins needs previous bioinformatic characterization. This study focuses on endolysins encoded by viruses infecting Streptomyces spp., describes Streptomyces phages diversity and association. Set of 143 endolysins were predicted in 175 Streptomyces phage genomes from NCBI database and The Actinobacteriophage Database and were characterized their phylogeny and function domains, especially catalytic domains. Predicted endolysins have amidase (Ami_2 and CHAP domain), muramidase (glycol_hydro_25) and peptidase activity (CHAP, NlpC/P60). This bioinformatic characterization serve as a base to next research in developing of endolysins with new properties in enzybiotik form.
EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT BIOINFORMATICS TOOLS IN METABOLITE PROFILING OF WHOLE COW’S MILK USING SYNTHETICALLY WATER-REMOVED 1H NMR SPECTRA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Laref Nora
Published: October 2020

Large water peak obscures the signals corresponding to important metabolites, and thus hinders in obtaining complete information from samples. This study investigates the efficiency of three bioinformatics tools (Galaxy, Chenomx, and MetaboHunter) on the synthetically water-removed NMR spectra of whole cow’s milk and compares the results obtained. Three samples of whole cow’s milk were collected from Oran region (Algeria) and kept at –18 ºC until analysis. 1H NMR spectra of the samples in DMSO d6 were recorded at ambient temperature without any pretreatment or purification, and the spectra were first processed with MestreNova to remove water and solvent artificially, followed by metabolite profiling using the above mentioned three bioinformatics tools. Detection of several metabolites, such as taurine, glycine, choline, threitol, niacinamide, and 1,3- dimethylurate, etc., was possible using the bioinformatics tools post water and solvent removal. In addition, dry content matter estimation revealed M3 as the richest milk among the three test samples. Although the bioinformatics tools identified many milk metabolites, there are differences in the detection efficiency probably because of the separate algorithm and different file format used by them.
Algorithmische Selektion im Internet
Authors: Saurwein Florian , Just Natascha , Latzer Michael
Published: October 2020

Algorithmen im Internet prägen zunehmend unseren Alltag und unsere Wahrnehmung der Welt. Sie wählen Informationen aus, weisen ihnen Relevanz zu und helfen, die Informationsflut im Internet zu bewältigen. Gleichzeitig wird die Verbreitung von algorithmischer Selektion von Risiken und regulatorischen Herausforderungen begleitet. Der Beitrag beleuchtet Anwendungszwecke und den Einfluss von algorithmischer Selektion und bietet einen Überblick zu den damit verbundenen Risiken. Die Risiken bilden Ausgangspunkte für etwaige Markteingriffe und die Suche nach adäquaten Steuerungs- und Regelungsarrangements (Governance). Vor diesem Hintergrund analysiert der Beitrag die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von unterschiedlichen Governance-Ansätzen auf dem Kontinuum zwischen Markt und Staat und liefert Grundlagen für die Auswahl von passenden Governance-Optionen. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass sich keine Einheitslösung für die Governance von algorithmischer Selektion anbietet. Die Aufmerksamkeit muss auf mehrdimensionale Lösungsansätze gerichtet werden, in denen Governance-Maßnahmen kombiniert werden, die sich gegenseitig ermöglichen und ergänzen.
From Here, There and Everywhere
Authors: Keogh Brent
Published: October 2020

From soundscape studies to ethnomusicology and popular music, the production and study of field recordings is usually framed in terms of their role in archival research, in cultural revivals, and the politics of engaging with the sonic other both “in” and “out” of the field. Few studies, however, have addressed the use of field recordings as a tool for actively constructing authenticity in contemporary global popular music. In the popular music industries, field recordings provide a musical experience that appears less “mediated”—less interfered with by producers, audio engineers, high-tech recording equipment and environmental noise purged by the studio. Such recordings help to authentically position the artist with respect to the fan in a reactionary move against the incessant progression of “new” technologies, technologies that have the ability to convert any performance into an acceptable product of mass consumption. This article critically explores such field recordings as an important site of the construction of “authenticity” in contemporary popular music.
“The Pro Tooling of the World”
Authors: Keogh Brent , Collinson Ian
Published: October 2020

The “Pro Tooling” of the world and the democratization of recording technologies, made possible by the affordances of the internet and technological innovation, have been praised for the ways in which prohibitively expensive production tools have been made available to anyone with an internet connection and a laptop. The echoes of a utopian, perhaps even Marxian, tune can be heard in the positivist accounts of the affordances of such technologies: finally, the means of production have been made available to the masses. And not only the means of production, but also dissemination: one can use a “free” digital audio workstation (DAW), download a multitude of “free” plug-ins emulating expensive analogue and digital gear of the past, and upload their song to SoundCloud or a number of different streaming services for consumption by anyone around the globe with an internet connection. However, the overly positivist accounts of the democratization of recording technologies often obscures the anxieties concerning the material conditions and environmentality of these newer technological forms. The digital realm is often (mistakenly) set against the material, a realm of infinite creative and even political possibilities. However, the digital realm is thoroughly material, and inherently dependent on material resources. The explosion in music production made possible through the development of digital technologies disseminated as affordable commodities, has also produced deplorable social and environmental conditions that significantly undermine any utopian narrative. This article thus critically examines the environmentality of contemporary music production technologies and argues for the vital relevance of an ecomusicological approach to all stages of the production process.
Creating Jazz Counterpoint: New Orleans, Barbershop Harmony, and the Blues by Vic Hobson. 2014.
Authors: Zagala Mathilde
Published: October 2020

Vic Hobson. 2014. Creating Jazz Counterpoint: New Orleans, Barbershop Harmony, and the Blues. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi. 176pp. ISBN 978-1-61703-991-1 (hbk).
Made in Taiwan: Studies in Popular Music by Eva Tsai, Tung-Hung Ho and Miaoju Jian, eds. 2020.
Authors: Shin Hyunjoon
Published: October 2020

Eva Tsai, Tung-Hung Ho and Miaoju Jian, eds. 2020. Made in Taiwan: Studies in Popular Music. New York: Routledge. 288pp. ISBN 978-0-815-36017-9 (pbk).