bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of the dynamically dimensioned search algorithm: influence of parameter initialization strategy when calibrating a physically based hydrological model
Authors: Lespinas Franck , Dastoor Ashu , Fortin Vincent
Published: November 2017

This study presents an evaluation of the performance of the dynamically dimensioned search (DDS) algorithm when calibrating the hydrological component of the Visualizing Ecosystems for Land Management Assessments (VELMA) ecohydrological model. Two calibration strategies were tested for the initial parameter values: (1) a ‘high-cost strategy’, where 100 sets of initial parameter values were randomly chosen within the overall parameter space, and (2) a ‘low-cost strategy’, where a unique set of initial parameter values was derived from the available field data. Both strategies were tested for six different values of the maximum number of model evaluations ranging between 100 and 10,000. Results revealed that DDS is able to converge rapidly to a good parameter calibration solution of the VELMA hydrological component regardless of the parameter initialization strategy used. The accuracy and convergence efficiency of the DDS algorithm were, however, slightly better for the low-cost strategy. This study suggests that initializing the parameter values of complex physically based models using information on the watershed characteristics can increase the efficiency of the automatic calibration procedures.
Degradation rate of anaerobically digested sewage sludge in soil
Authors: Matos Antonio T. , Diniz Isabela C. C. , Matos Mateus P. , Borges Alisson C. , Pereira Adriana A.
Published: November 2017

The objective of this study was to monitor the degradation and obtain the mineralization fraction of anaerobically digested sludge, also known as digestate, under field conditions, when applied to the surface or incorporated into the soil. Sludge was applied to a dystrophic Inceptisol at a dose of 500 kg ha–1 yr–1 of total nitrogen, where the monitoring period of the mineralization process lasted 131 days. Samples of the soil-residue mixture were collected for analysis of the total organic carbon (TOC) and easily oxidizable organic carbon (OOC), total, ammonia, nitrate and organic nitrogen (ON). The annual mineralization fractions of the digestate, estimated based on the difference between the initial and final contents of TOC, OOC and ON in samples of the material collected, were 99.5 and 100%, respectively, when incorporated with the soil or applied to the soil surface.
Effect of salinity on medium- and low-pressure UV disinfection of Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Chen P. Y. , Chu X. N. , Liu L. , Hu J. Y.
Published: November 2017

The problem of biological invasions attributed to ballast water release is an ongoing problem that threatens ecosystems and human health. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been increasingly used for ballast water treatment mainly due to the advantages of short contact time and minimized harmful disinfection by products. In this study, the impact of salinity on the inactivation of Vibrio cholerae (NCTC 7253) was examined, and comparison of inactivation level and disinfection kinetics after medium-pressure (MP) (1 kW) and low-pressure (LP) (10 W) UV irradiation was made. MP UV exposure resulted in higher inactivation efficacy against V. cholerae than LP UV exposure especially at lower UV doses (≤3 mJ cm−2) and salinity had a negative impact on both MP and LP UV disinfection, especially at higher UV doses (≥3 mJ cm−2 for MP and ≥4 mJ cm−2 for LP). To understand the mechanisms of salinity effect on V. cholerae, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to determine the number of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), one major type of DNA damage. No significant effects of salinity were found at the CPDs level except for 3% artificial seawater after LP UV exposure case. It is imperative that site-specific conditions of salinity be taken into account in the design of UV reactors to treat V. cholerae and other species.
Initial conditions of urban permeable surfaces in rainfall-runoff models using Horton's infiltration
Authors: Davidsen Steffen , Löwe Roland , Ravn Nanna H. , Jensen Lina N. , Arnbjerg-Nielsen Karsten
Published: November 2017

Infiltration is a key process controlling runoff, but varies depending on antecedent conditions. This study provides estimates on initial conditions for urban permeable surfaces via continuous simulation of the infiltration capacity using historical rain data. An analysis of historical rainfall records show that accumulated rainfall prior to large rain events does not depend on the return period of the event. Using an infiltration-runoff model we found that for a typical large rain storm, antecedent conditions in general lead to reduced infiltration capacity both for sandy and clayey soils and that there is substantial runoff for return periods above 1–10 years.
Verbalization of the “threat” concept in the Russian language
Authors: Ushakova Elena Valentinovna
Published: November 2017

The author examines the “threat” concept in the Russian language, as well as provides the main goal of the work – to describe the “threat” concept as one of the types of a conflict manifestation.
Teaching Russian language to Chinese students, taking into account the national language personality (initial stage of training)
Authors: Van Lisia
Published: November 2017

The work is devoted to the description of the specifics of teaching Russian to Chinese students, taking into account the national language personality. The aim of the study is to study the peculiarities of the educational process on the Russian language in the audience of Chinese students of the initial stage of education in the conditions of Russia. The description is based on the identification of the nationally determined features of the Chinese language personality, which allows to model the optimal ways of teaching the Russian language to the Chinese contingent of the level A1–A2.
Corporate financial policy and financial rules
Authors: Guseinov Akbar Sattar
Published: November 2017

The implementation of a corporate financial policy in order to establish the fiscal discipline and fiscal responsibility ethos, to maintain macroeconomic stability, to provide a confidence environment and predictability in the economy, to achieve a balanced generation distribution of financial burdens and benefits and to realize the sustainability of public finance from on a long-term basis has become increasingly widespread in developing countries. In the widespread implementation of the institutional fiscal policy, public deficits resulting from prosperity / monetary policy, played a major role in the financing of tax and non-tax resources, and the impact and consequences of this explicit financing. In this study basic literature, theoretical, philosophical and intellectual background of budgetary policies has been summarized. The article has also studied and examined financial rule applications.
Cross-cultural features of gestures in non-verbal communication
Authors: Chebotariova Nataliia Andreevna , Aleksandrova Aliona Anatolevna
Published: November 2017

This article is devoted to analysis of the concept of non-verbal communication and ways of expressing it. Gesticulation is studied in detail as it is the main element of non-verbal communication and has different characteristics in various countries of the world.
Multicultural activity for the development of preschooler's language personality in three languages – Russian, Tatar and English
Authors: Sadykova Diliara Faridovna , Nugmanova Ramilia Damirovna
Published: November 2017

The article describes educational activity, provides an important goal to create a unified educational environment for children. The authors suggest an innovational approach to organization of work with preschoolers during the process of teaching two national languages and English.
Simulation models of a drive with an asynchronous electric engine for students of electrical engineering faculties
Authors: Romanenko Nikolai Gennadevich
Published: November 2017

The application of virtual laboratories will allow to show different transition processes, as well as to carry out experiments that are very expensive in real electrical machines’ labs, for example, to calculate the energy costs in electric drives. Models of non-regulation asynchronous drive and frequency-regulated asynchronous electric drive are examined in this article. The author has calculated and compared the energy losses of these systems with various types of loads and this lets us to evaluate work processes of many technical devices.
Tales of the Unexpected in Synthesis of Polyfunctional Heteroaromatics
Authors: Moustafa Moustafa S. , Al-Mousawi Saleh M. , El-Seedi Hesham R. , Elnagdi Mohamed H.
Published: November 2017

Background:

Our research group has a longstanding interest in the synthesis of novel functionalized
heteroaromatic compounds, and the development of new methods for this purpose. During our ongoing investigations,
we recently had an instance to check the reproducibility of some published results concerning the
chemistry of arylhydrazonals, enamines and other functionally substituted carbonyl compounds. This work has
led to the discovery of some new rearrangements, and the revision of the structures originally assigned to several
molecules.

Objective:

This review surveys some correction of several erroneous reports that have appeared in the literature,
and presents some interesting new rearrangements discovered in the course of investigating older reports.

Results:

The crystallographic studies revealed that the condensation of arylhydrazonals with active methylenenitriles
yields arylazoniconates rather than pyridazenones as previously reported. Additionally, phenathylthiocyanate
reacts with malononitrile to afford thiazoles rather than the previously reported condensation
with the carbonyl group. In another example, the reaction of phenethylmalononitrile with hydrazine yields
pyrazolopyridazenes rather than phenacylpyrazol-3,5-diamine. In yet another case, several interesting Dimrothtype
rearrangements were observed when malononitrile was condensed with enaminones, contradicting earlier
reports. Unexpectedly, these enaminones underwent self-trimerization to yield 1,3,5-trisubstituted benzenes
under certain conditions. Enaminonitriles also undergo interesting and novel Dimroth rearrangements when
reacted with cyclohexanedione or dehydroacetic acid derivatives.

Conclusion:

We have shown that the structures of several complex heterocyclic compounds that have been reported
in the literature over the last 50 years were incorrectly assigned, possibly because the authors who originally
reported them were using substandard or outdated analytical equipments.
Barnidipine Real-Life Efficacy and Tolerability in Arterial Hypertension: Results from Younger and Older Patients in the BASIC-HT Study
Authors: Lins Robert , De Vries Caroline
Published: November 2017

Objective:

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of barnidipine, a strong lipophilic calcium channel blocker, in younger (≤55 for efficacy or <65 years for adverse events) versus older (>55 or ≥65 years) patients with uncomplicated hypertension.

Methods:

20,275 patients received barnidipine, 10 or 20 mg/day, as monotherapy or in combination with other antihypertensive drug(s) in the observational BArnidipine real-life Safety and tolerability In Chronic HyperTension (BASIC-HT) study. Efficacy and tolerability were assessed over a 3-month period. The present paper describes results from prespecified subgroup analyses by age not reported elsewhere.

Results:

Both age groups showed a clinically meaningful decrease in blood pressure (BP) over time (p<0.0001). The mean systolic and diastolic BP after approximately 3 months of barnidipine therapy was well below the target value of <140/90 mmHg for individual patients, with no notable differences between age groups. The decrease in mean pulse pressure was greater in patients >55 years (-10.8 mmHg) than in patients ≤55 years (-8.7 mmHg) (p<0.0001) and the proportion of patients with pulse pressure >60 mmHg decreased from 61.1% at baseline to 24.8% at Visit 3 in patients >55 years and from 47.7% to 16.5% in patients ≤55 years (p<0.0001).

The overall incidence of adverse events was low, leading to treatment discontinuation in only 3.0-3.6% of patients. Peripheral edema, a common adverse effect with calcium channel blockers in clinical practice, was reported by 2.7% of patients aged <65 years and by 4.6% of patients aged ≥65 years.

Conclusion:

The efficacy and tolerability profiles of barnidipine as monotherapy or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs were shown to be favorable in both younger and older patients in a real-life practice setting. Randomized double-blind controlled studies are needed to confirm these results.
More Stamina, a Gamified mHealth Solution for Persons with Multiple Sclerosis: Research Through Design (Preprint)
Authors: Giunti Guido , Mylonopoulou Vasiliki , Rivera Romero Octavio
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the world’s most common neurologic disorders. Fatigue is one of most common symptoms that persons with MS experience, having significant impact on their quality of life and limiting their activity levels. Self-management strategies are used to support them in the care of their health. Mobile health (mHealth) solutions are a way to offer persons with chronic conditions tools to successfully manage their symptoms and problems. Gamification is a current trend among mHealth apps used to create engaging user experiences and is suggested to be effective for behavioral change. To be effective, mHealth solutions need to be designed to specifically meet the intended audience needs. User-centered design (UCD) is a design philosophy that proposes placing end users’ needs and characteristics in the center of design and development, involving users early in the different phases of the software life cycle. There is a current gap in mHealth apps for persons with MS, which presents an interesting area to explore.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to describe the design and evaluation process of a gamified mHealth solution for behavioral change in persons with MS using UCD.

METHODS

Building on previous work of our team where we identified needs, barriers, and facilitators for mHealth apps for persons with MS, we followed UCD to design and evaluate a mobile app prototype aimed to help persons with MS self-manage their fatigue. Design decisions were evidence-driven and guided by behavioral change models (BCM). Usability was assessed through inspection methods using Nielsen’s heuristic evaluation.

RESULTS

The mHealth solution More Stamina was designed. It is a task organization tool designed to help persons with MS manage their energy to minimize the impact of fatigue in their day-to-day life. The tool acts as a to-do list where users can input tasks in a simple manner and assign Stamina Credits, a representation of perceived effort, to the task to help energy management and energy profiling. The app also features personalization and positive feedback. The design process gave way to relevant lessons to the design of a gamified behavioral change mHealth app such as the importance of metaphors in concept design, negotiate requirements with the BCM constructs, and tailoring of gamified experiences among others. Several usability problems were discovered during heuristic evaluation and guided the iterative design of our solution.

CONCLUSIONS

In this paper, we designed an app targeted for helping persons with MS in their fatigue management needs. We illustrate how UCD can help in designing mHealth apps and the benefits and challenges that designers might face when using this approach. This paper provides insight into the design process of gamified behavioral change mHealth apps and the negotiation process implied in it.
CREATING A PROTOCOL FOR DIAGNOSIS OF DEPRESSION
Authors: Ardisson Cirino Campos Fagner Alfredo , Fabio Biasotto Feitosa Fabio
Published: November 2017

This study aimed to elaborate a pilot protocol to facilitate the diagnosis of depression based on ICD-10. The methodological trajectory followed the steps of participant research and literature review. As a result, the Depression Diagnosis Protocol in an Adult  is presented as well as the positive and negative attributions to the using potential of this instrument by a Mental Health staff. It was concluded that it was possible to build a Diagnosis Protocol through participant research which proved to be feasible and operational in the assessment of the members of the mental health crew who participated in the research. As such, it can be used in future studies in the mental healthcare services.
Identificación y caracterización molecular de cianobacterias tropicales de los géneros Nostoc, Calothrix, Tolypothrix y Scytonema (Nostocales: Nostocaceae), con posible potencial biotecnológico
Authors: Corrales Morales Mariela , Villalobos Karolina , Rodríguez Rodríguez Abad , Muñoz Simón Nelson , Umaña-Castro Rodolfo
Published: November 2017

Las cianobacterias son procariotas fotoautótrofos, morfológica y molecularmente diversas, en las cuales se han reportado avances biotecnológicos sobre fijación de nitrógeno, biorremediación y valor nutricional-farmacéutico. La identificación tradicional de cianobacterias basada en morfología puede ser imprecisa, por lo que las técnicas moleculares son una herramienta robusta para el posicionamiento taxonómico de estas cepas tropicales. Este estudio se enfoca en la identificación morfológica y caracterización molecular de cianobacterias de ambientes tropicales de Costa Rica, para perspectivas biotecnológicas futuras. Las cepas fueron cultivadas en medio BG0-11, fotografiadas en microscopio de luz y clasificadas a nivel de género. La identificación molecular se llevó a cabo utilizando cebadores del gen ARN polimerasa ADN-dependiente (rpoC1) y la subunidad pequeña ARN ribosomal (16S ARNr). Seguidamente, se realizó un análisis de posicionamiento filogenético mediante alineamiento múltiple con MAFFTv.7 y máxima-verosimilitud con raxMLGUI. Basados en características fenotípicas, se identificaron cuatro géneros de cianobacterias Nostocales: Calothrix sp., Tolypothrix sp., Scytonema sp. y Nostoc sp. Los géneros identificados son conocidos por su capacidad de fijación de nitrógeno y potencial nutricional, farmacológico e industrial. Con una identificación exitosa de cianobacterias de ambientes tropicales, es posible continuar con más estudios de sus propiedades biotecnológicas y evaluar su potencial, con perspectivas futuras de aplicación y conservación de la biodiversidad.
¿Afecta los proyectos hidroeléctricos a las plantas acuáticas? El caso de Marathrum foeniculaceum (Podostemaceae) en dos ríos del sureste de Costa Rica
Authors: Arias Campos Luis Diego
Published: November 2017

En los últimos años se están presentando fenómenos naturales que generan fuertes e intempestivos cambios de caudal en los ríos, por ejemplo la aparición cada vez más frecuente de El Niño y La Niña, pero uno de los principales factores antrópicos son los proyectos hidroeléctricos y entre los organismos afectados se encuentra la especie Marathrum foeniculaceum. Para evaluar los potenciales efectos de cambios anómalos del caudal simulé los cambios de caudal mediante cambios de posición de rocas (emergidas y sumergidas) en el río Unión y el río Convento, Costa Rica. Estudié el comportamiento fenológico de 1 260 individuos en seis rocas por río, en tres repeticiones (2013, 2014 y 2015). La floración se abrevió, debido a la correlación entre el cambio de humedad, el avance de la marchitez, el avance de las fenofases y la floración. La fructificación tardó más tiempo, sin correlación con parámetros ambientales. En promedio, la duración desde los botones florales hasta la apertura de los frutos fue de 20 días, mientras que naturalmente se puede extender por varios meses de la estación seca. El promedio de flores por individuo fue menor a dos, mientras que en condiciones naturales casi siempre es mayor a cinco. El éxito reproductivo fue menor a 30%; alrededor de 60% menos que en las condiciones naturales. Los frecuentes cambios de caudal implicaron la muerte de las plantas en menos de 13 días. Debido a que el período reproductivo es estacional, estos cambios de caudal durante el resto del año provocan la muerte de las plantas sin dejar descendencia (semillas), demostrando uno de los efectos adversos y subestimados de los proyectos hidroeléctricos sobre los ecosistemas acuáticos.
Role of gender, professional level, and geographic location of artists on how they represent a story: the case of Little Red Riding Hood
Authors: Barrientos Karina , Monge-Nájera Julián , Barrientos Zaidett , González Lutz María Isabel
Published: November 2017

Little Red Riding Hood is a widely known classic story and its text has been abundantly analyzed, but no detailed statistical stud- ies have been published about how it has been illustrated. We analyzed 554 images from the public artists’ site DeviantArt (January, 2015); clas- si ed them according to how the wolf, Little Red, and the environment were represented by the artists; and applied non-parametrical statisti- cal tests to check several hypotheses. When compared with profession- als, amateur artists tended to present a more neutral environment, and to humanize the wolf. Female artists were more likely to represent the wolf as a dressed man. Men were more likely to set the story outside of forests, to eroticize Red and to show her confused, scared or unin- terested when rst meeting the wolf. The neutral attitude of amateurs towards nature suggests indecision, while professional artists seem more used to produce family-friendly images. The female tendency to present the wolf as a man forces them to dress him and may re ect a stronger awareness about the moral of the story, meant to warn young women about men’s sexuality. Men deviate more from the forest set- ting because they feel safer in new environments, and also appear to see Red as a sexually attractive partner and the wolf as a competitor. Artists tended to show no sexual intent between the characters, but those who did were mostly amateurs. The global similarity in art about Little Red Riding Hood indicates that all modern audiences are familiar with the standard representation of the story in books, lms and televi- sion. This article presents a rigorous quantitative approach to the study of art that can be applied to many other stories and subjects.
Avifaunal characterization of Corral de Piedra Palustrine Wetland, Nicoya, Costa Rica
Authors: Vargas-Masis Roberto , Piedra-Castro Lilliana , Bravo-Chacón Juan
Published: November 2017

Wetlands maintain high biodiversity and provide important habitat for many bird species, but now have strong pressure from anthropogenic activities. Birds in wetlands are important indicators of environmental changes and our goal was to characterize the bird community in the wetlands Palustrine Corral de Piedra as a mechanism for conservation of tropical dry forest of Costa Rica. We used point counts to describe bird richness and abundance in open (lakes and flooded grasslands) and wooded areas. We described habitat use and microhabitats, trophic guilds, biogeographic distribution and status in Costa Rica. We recorded 83 species of resident birds belonging to 36 families, of which 65 are resident species and 18 have some migratory status in Costa Rica. Secondary consumer species of small vertebrates corresponded to 45,8% and primary consumers were 25,3%. The birds mainly used trees for perching but use emergent shrubs, floating vegetation and water. We found a large number of Egrets, Flycatchers and Hawks playing important roles as pollinators, seed dispersers and predator is adding significant value to the ecological dynamics of forests and lakes in the area. Corral de Piedra has special importance as a site for the establishment of migratory birds and large number of resident species of conservation concern. We consider that joint efforts between residents and researchers are an important tool for bird conservation in the region.
Nutrición mineral y fotosíntesis en plántulas de algarrobo blanco, Prosopis alba (Fabaceae), en estrés salino
Authors: Ariel Meloni Diego , Moura Silva Diolina , Ledesma Ramón , Inés Bolzón Graciela
Published: November 2017

El algarrobo blanco (Prosopis alba G.) es una especie nativa de la región fitogeográfica del Chaco Occidental. Pese a que es considerada tolerante a la salinidad, los mecanismos fisiológicos que le confieren dicha característica no han sido dilucidados. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el impacto del estrés salino sobre la nutrición mineral y la fotosíntesis, en plántulas de algarrobo blanco. Las plántulas se cultivaron hidropónicamente con o sin la suplementación de 500 mM de NaCl. Se realizaron mediciones de emisión de fluorescencia de la clorofila a, y se cuantificaron las concentraciones de Na+, K+, Cl-, NO3- y la actividad nitrato reductasa (ANR). Luego de 7 días de tratamiento se determinó la biomasa de raíces y hojas. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado, con 10 repeticiones y los datos se analizaron con ANOVA y Test de Tukey. El estrés salino inhibió el crecimiento de la parte aérea y no afectó el crecimiento radicular. La salinidad aumentó las concentraciones foliares de Na+ y Cl-, y disminuyó las concentraciones de K+ y NO3- y la ANR. También se observó una disminución en los valores de qP, Fv/Fm y ETR, con un aumento en NPQ, demostrando que el estrés salino produjo fotoinhibición.
Parasites of Nile Tilapia larvae Oreochromis niloticus (Pisces: Cichlidae) in concrete ponds in Guanacaste, Northern Costa Rica
Authors: Arguedas C. Donald , Ortega S. Cesar , Martínez C. Simón , Astroza C. Angel
Published: November 2017

Tilapia is the second most important cultured species in the world fish culture but it can be affected by parasites. We conducted a cross-sectional parasitic study in tilapia larvae during sexual reversion for two seasons in Costa Rica. A total of 320 larvae from a concrete pond were necropsied and we found ten parasite species: Ichtyobodo sp., Apiosoma sp., Chillodonella sp., Heteropollaria sp., Trichodina sp., Dactylogyrus sp., Girodactylus sp., Centrocestus sp., lasidies and glochidies (two larval forms). These were classified in five taxonomic groups (two subtypes of protozoa, two metazoan classes and a type of mollusk). Protozoans and monogeneans (except Trichodina sp.) had a higher prevalence in the rainy season, when water had more solid waste, while digeneans and molluscs were more prevalent in the dry season, with different infection dynamics over gills, skin, fins and head.
Analisa Hasil Pengujian Seepages Dari Sumur “KS # 01” di Desa Pembatang Kabupaten Kuansing (Uji Laboratorium)
Authors: Abdurrahman Muslim
Published: November 2017

Kemunculan minyak bumi di permukaan ada dua kategori, yaitu : rembesan (seepages, seeps) yang aktif, dimana minyak mengalir bersama-sama air dan rembesan yang sudah tidak aktiv dimana minyak yang sudah menjenuhi batuan dan fraksi ringan nya sudah menguap ke permukaan.  Rembesan ini terkumpul di permukaan dan biasanya tidak ekonomis, tetapi dari sisi explorasi adanya rembesan ini akan memberikan informasi bahwa ada sumber minyak di bawah permukaan. Adanya kemunculan seepages di salah satu sumur warga di Kabupaten Kuansing perlu di cermati apalagi minyak mengalir secara kontinyu, untuk memastikan apakah minyak ini berasal dari alam atau minyak yang berasal dari hasil pengolahan (refinery) maka perlu dilakukan penelitian laboratorium terhadap sample minyak tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian di laboratorium Analisa Fluida Reservoir Jurusan Teknik Perminyakan Universitas Islam Riau, karakteristik minyak tersebut jika berdasarkan nilai Spesific Gravity sebesar 0.82 gr/cc dan API sebesar 40.6 maka minyak tersebut masuk ke kategori minyak ringan (Ligh Oil), hal ini mungkin saja terjadi karena adanya perubahan temperature dan tekanan dari bawah permukaan menuju permukaan sehingga fraksi ringan muncul di permukaan dan fraksi berat tetap terjebak atau tertinggal di lapisan bawah permukaan.
Analisis Ekonomi Pemilihan Electric Submersible Pump Pada Beberapa Vendor
Authors: Ariyon Muhammad
Published: November 2017

Tulisan ini memuat bahasan tentang pemilihan Electric Submersible Pump berdasarkan perhitungan analisa keekonomian pada beberapa vendor. Pemilihan dilakukan dengan  menghitung indikator keuntungan berupa Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit to Cost Ratio (B/C), Pay Out Time (POT) untuk menentukan nilai keekonomian dan kelayakan pompa ESP pada masing-masing vendor. Hasil perhitungan indikator keuntungan untuk Pompa 1 (Centraleft) adalah IRR = 16,24 % NPV@ i =5 % = 654,250 US$;  B/C =  1,2 ; POT = 3,8 tahun; untuk Pompa 2 (Motherford) adalah IRR = 9,09 % NPV@ i =5 % = 288,370 US$;  B/C =  1,11 ; POT = 4,1 tahun; untuk Pompa 3 (Red-A) adalah IRR = 21,21 % NPV@ i =5 % = 854,250 US$;  B/C =  1,28 ; POT = 3,3 tahun; dan untuk  Pompa 4 (Wooden Group) adalah IRR = 12,86 % NPV@ i =5 % = 355,430 US$;  B/C =  1,16 ; POT = 4 tahun. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pompa ketiga (Red-A) memiliki indikator keuntungan paling tinggi diantara kompetitor lainnya, sehingga dianggap paling menguntungkan bila ditinjau berdasarkan perhitungan analisis keekonomian.
Optimasi Hidrolika Lumpur Pemboran Menggunakan Api Modified Power Law Pada Hole 8½ Sumur X Lapangan Mir
Authors: Novrianti Novrianti , Umar Mursyidah
Published: November 2017

Salah satu faktor utama yang perlu diperhatikan dalam keberhasilan suatu operasi pemboran adalah pembersihan lubang bor dari serbuk bor selama proses pemboran berlangsung. Perencanaan dan kontrol yang baik dapat mempercepat operasi pemboran dan secara keseluruhan dapat menghemat biaya. Sistem hidrolika lumpur pemboran berpengaruh terhadap pembersihan lubang bor, lumpur yang keluar dari nozzle dengan kecepatan tinggi membantu pahat menembus batuan serta mengangkat cutting ke permukaan. Analisis hidrolika lumpur dan hidrolika pahat pada sumur X dilakukan pada pelaksanaan pengeboran hole 8½dimulai dari kedalaman 2093 ft – 5555 ft. Analisis ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kehilangan tekanan sirkulasi lumpur pemboran serta untuk mengoptimalkan laju alir sirkulasi dan diameter nozzle pahat untuk mengoptimalkan pengangkatan cutting. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam analisis lumpur pemboran adalah metode API modified power law dimana metode tersebut merupakan penyempurnaan dari metode power law dan direkomendasikan untuk dipergunakan oleh API. Sedangkan metode yang digunakan dalam mengevaluasi keberhasilan hidrolika pahat dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Bit Hydraulic Horse Power (BHHP). Metode BHHP sesuai digunakan untuk pemboran vertical dengan pertimbangan gaya gravitasi dan cenderung aliran yang digunakan laminer. Berdasarkan hasil studi kasus diperoleh bahwa pengangkatan cutting akan sempurna apabila aliran di annulus laminar, total kehilangan tekanan adalah 842.08 psi dimana kehilangan tekanan yang terjadi pada Surface Connection 6.312 psi, Pada Drill String 523.191 psi, Pada Annulus 169.305 psi, Pada Bit 136.955 psi. Laju alir aktual 502 gpm dengan diameter nozzle 6x15 tidak optimal, maka laju alir dioptimasikan menjadi 440 gpm dengan diameter nozzle 6x10.
Analisis Kualitas Bonding Cement Di Zona Produktif Sumur BA 147 Menggunakan Ultra Sonic Imager Tool (USIT) Log di Lapangan BOB PT Bumi Siak Pusako-Pertamina Hulu
Authors: Fitrianti Fitrianti
Published: November 2017

Squeeze cementing adalah bagian dari pekerjaan ulang sumur yang bertujuan untuk memperbaiki kualitas bonding cement yang buruk. Kualitas bonding cement yang buruk dapat menyebabkan meningkatnya harga water cut akibat masuknya fluida yang tidak diinginkan ke dalam sumur seperti air dan gas . Terjadinya High Water Cut  pada Sumur BA#147 hingga 99% diikuti penurunan oil rate hingga 8.97 bopd yang signifikan menjadi suatu permasalahan. Hal ini dikarenakan oleh masalah terbatasnya fasilitas pengolahan air dan pertimbangan efisiensi produksi. Sehingga perlu dilakukan evaluasi kualitas bonding cement dan squeeze cementing disekitar zona produktif sumur BA#147. Metode analisis kualitas bonding cement yang digunakan yaitu Ultra Sonic Imager Tool (USIT). USIT mampu menginterpretasikan kondisi cement, casing dan jenis material (liquid dan gas) yang terdapat dibelakang casing. Selanjutnya dilakukan design squeeze cementing untuk meningkatkan kualitas bonding cement yang buruk. Setelah dilakukan analisis berdasarkan hasil image impedance yang diinterpretasikan USIT, didapatkan hasil kualitas bonding cement yang buruk pada interval kedalaman 3300ft – 3380ft. Berdasarkan hasil interpretasi USIT tersebut dilakukan squeeze cementing untuk memperbaiki bonding cement. Dibutuhkan 8.55 slurry cement, 1.27 bbl additive dan maximum squeeze pressure 586 psi. Teknik penyemenan yang digunakan yaitu teknik penyemenan bradenhead (open ended). Kualitas cement setelah dilakukan squeeze cementing pada sumur BA#147 yaitu good bonding berdasarkan harga image impedance yang ditampilkan pada rekaman USIT kedua.
Optimasi Perhitungan Laju Alir minyak Dengan Meningkatkan Kinerja Pompa Hydraulic Pada Sumur Minyak Di Lapangan PT. KSO Pertamina Sarolangon Jambi
Authors: Musnal Ali
Published: November 2017

Sumur X pada lapangan Y merupakan sumur dengan permasalahan rangkaian BHA terlepas setelah proses pembebasan rangkaian pipa pemboran karena adanya Pack off pada kedalaman 3.360 ft MD. Hal tersebut ditandai dengan tidak adanya return pada saat dilakukan circulation serta tekanan pompa naik secara tiba-tiba. Pack off menyebabkan formasi gugur dan cutting terakumulasi di lubang sumur. Terakumulasinya cutting menjadi penyebab rangkaian terjepit akibat. Perhitungan reactive torque dengan persamaan Frank J Schuh dilakukan untuk mengetahui besarnya nilai torsi yang menyebabkan BHA terlepas dari rangkaian tersebut. Menurut perhitungan yang telah dilakukan, rangkaian BHA lepas terjadi karena torsi reaksi (reactive torque) sebesar 60.240 ft.lb. yang sekitar dua kali lebih daripada nilai make up torque untuk HWDP 5” yaitu sebesar 22.800 ft.lb. Masalah rangkaian BHA lepas dapat ditangani dengan menggunakan metode operasi fishing. Waktu ekonomis fishing yang didapat untuk melakukan kegiatan fishing sebesar 3,1 hari. Apabila fishing job tidak berhasil, maka dapat dilakukan operasi penindaklanjutan untuk menghindari fish yang tertinggal di dalam lubang sumur dengan melakukan pembelokan lintasan sumur pada titik Kick Off Point (KOP) yang baru, yakni pada kedalaman 485 ft.
Analisis Sensitivitas Salinitas dan Adsorbsi Injeksi Surfaktan-Polimer Menggunakan Simulasi Reservoir Pada Reservoir Berlapis Lapangan NA
Authors: Rita Novia
Published: November 2017

Increasing the time, the condition of the oil in reservoir increasingly difficult for production to the surface, this is caused by diminishing reservoir pressure and the condition of a viscous oil. While the technology used can no longer urged oil to surface. NA field is a field that is old, the production process is done on the field NA has been through the stages of primary and secondary recovery, where this stage is not optimal in increasing oil production on the field. While OOIP on the field is still economically viable. Of screening criteria that has been done on NA Field, the oil production stage to do next is to EOR method. The EOR methods that can be applied is by chemical injection method of surfactant and polymer. Before the surfactant and polymer injection method performed on NA Field, the first done through the stages of planning reinjection reservoir simulation. Fields of reservoir simulation models NA will be analyzed four skenarios conducted for sensitivity to salinity and adsorption of surfactant-polymer. Skenario 1 simulation with values ​​varying salinity, Skenario 2 adsorption value simulation with different surfactants, Skenario 3 sensitivity to polymer adsorption, Skenario 4 see changes impairment influences the permeability to polymer injection. The results of all four skenarios simulations obtained optimum value of cumulative production of 72 548 STB with a recovery factor (RF) of 30.9% at the price of 0.075 surfactant salinity mEq / ml, adsorption of surfactant 0.3 mEq / ml, 0.1 wt polymer adsorption % cuft, and changes in permeability due to 80wt% polymer solution cuft.
Prediksi Kinerja Steamflood Dengan Metode Myhill-Stegemeier dan Gomaa di Area R Duri Steamflood (DSF)
Authors: Melysa Rycha
Published: November 2017

Steamflood constitutes one of method Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) by injected steam with quality and particular flow rate kontinyu into reservoir. Its aim is increase oil mobility at reservoir by downs viscosity to produced passes through producer. Before does simulation exhaustively, there is it is better does to predict performance a steamflood's reservoir by analytic simple one. This studies compares two simple methods in prediction steamflood's reservoir performance by use of data historical on area R Duri Steamflood (DSF). Gomaa's method utilizes many graph have already at previous generalizing but just applies on field with given characteristic limitation. Then Myhill Stegemeier modifies equation that made by Mandl and Volek to interpose that displacement form in reservoir is frontal displacement one dimension yawns to oil. Both of that method have excess and its lack each. Compares two simple methods in predicting reservoir performance steamflood using historical data on the area "R" Steamflood Duri. Gomaa method using some charts that have been generalized before but only apply to the courts to limit certain characteristics. Myhill-Stegemeier then modify the equations created by Mandl and Volek to argue that the form of displacement in the reservoir is a one-dimensional frontal displacement steam to oil. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages of each. Both methods produce a number of different oil recovery. The cumulative oil recovery methods amounted to 1378917 Stegemeiers Myhill-STB (76% of OOIP) and Method Gomaa of the STB 999 072 (55% of OOIP). Comparison of steam-oil (FSO) obtained in Method Myhill is a comparison of cumulative, it is evident from the constant value (FSO) obtained from the first year until the 10th year. Gomaa is different from the method they are relatively oil-vapor ratio (FSO) obtained.
Peningkatan Kualitas Supply Chain Material Melalui Teknologi Material Traceability System di PT. Pertamina Gas Eastern Java Area Operation
Authors: Septriardy Dela Agung
Published: November 2017

Material Management has always been a major challenge in the world of industry, especially the world of gas transportation. Poor on material planning, limitationon material supply the length of lead time delivery of materials is often a major constraint on the operational productivity. The obligation to maintain the reliability of the instrument to ensure smooth gas supply to consumers remains to be one of the challenges in maintaining productivity. These efforts will not be successful if the company is not able to increase the flexibility of the material supply chain. Not Providing Information Regarding Details Material stock, remoteness Distance Between warehouse and Station, Not Providing Information Details on stock Material, remoteness Distance Between warehouse and Station, and manual data collection worsen the problem tha couldt cause the error on calculating material stock, moreover the problem become more complicated by the lack of collaboration of material information that should be known by the user as the material user on  field and  planners as a warehouse supervisor. One solution to the problem is to develop the Material Traceabillity Strategy- A technology that can replace manual data entry process that still use paper as a recording media, allows personnel to track and manage the material in real time, Improve Information Sharing among divisions. This paper will discuss the problems and solutions that are applied in order to improve the reliability of materials that can improve supply chain collaboration in the handling of the material. This paper emphasizes the importance of the revolution in material handling in oil & gas transportation company that has been applied and proved successful in PT. Pertamina Gas Eastern Java Operation Area.
A Class by Herself: Muller v. Oregon (1908)
Authors: Woloch Nancy
Published: November 2017

This chapter assesses Muller v. Oregon (1908), its significance, and the law it upheld: Oregon's ten-hour law of 1903. Convicted of violating Oregon's law of 1903 that barred the employment of women in factories and laundries for more than ten hours a day, Curt Muller—the owner of a Portland laundry—challenged the constitutionality of the law, which he claimed violated his right of freedom to contract under the due process of the Fourteenth Amendment. On February 24, 1908, the Supreme Court unanimously upheld the Oregon law. This decision marked a momentous triumph for progressive reformers and a turning point in the movement for protective laws. At the same time, by declaring woman “in a class by herself,” the Supreme Court embedded in constitutional law an axiom of female difference. The Muller decision thus pushed public policy forward toward modern labor standards and simultaneously distanced it from sexual equality.
Protection in Ascent, 1908–23
Authors: Woloch Nancy
Published: November 2017

This chapter examines Muller's aftermath in legal history through the landmark case of Adkins v. Children's Hospital (1923). In Oregon, an employer (Children's Hospital) sought an injunction against the DC Minimum Wage Board to restrain it from imposing the minimum wage of $16.50 per week for women workers in hotels, hospitals, restaurants, clubs, and apartment houses. The District of Columbia Supreme Court upheld the law in June 1920, as did the DC Court of Appeals in June 1921. However, at the second hearing in November 1922, the DC Court of Appeals upset the law. In 1923, when Adkins v. Children's Hospital reached the Supreme Court, defenders of the minimum wage faced a less receptive roster of justices than they had in 1917; recent appointments made in wartime and soon after had produced a more conservative court. As such, the Supreme Court failed to sustain the District of Columbia minimum wage law by a 5–3 decision.
Different versus Equal: The 1920s
Authors: Woloch Nancy
Published: November 2017

This chapter revisits Adkins and considers the feud over protective laws that arose in the women's movement in the 1920s. The clash between friends and foes of the Equal Rights Amendment—and over the protective laws for women workers that it would surely invalidate—fueled women's politics in the 1920s. Both sides claimed precedent-setting accomplishments. In 1923, the National Woman's Party proposed the historic ERA, which incurred conflict that lasted for decades. The social feminist contingent—larger and more powerful—gained favor briefly among congressional lawmakers, expanded the number and strength of state laws, saw the minimum wage gain a foothold, and promoted protection through the federal Women's Bureau. Neither faction, however, achieved the advances it sought. Instead, a fight between factions underscored competing contentions about single-sex protective laws and their effect on women workers.
Last Lap: Work and Pregnancy
Authors: Woloch Nancy
Published: November 2017

This chapter explores the legal challenges that workplace pregnancy posed in the 1970s and 1980s. Debates about workplace pregnancy revived clashes about difference and equality that had vexed the women's movement for decades. Paradoxically, pregnancy, a badge of difference, served as a springboard to advances in equal rights. As that happened, the new direction in pregnancy policy underscored the doom of single-sex protective laws. The most enduring steps in shaping pregnancy policy were the Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 (PDA), which barred discrimination against pregnant workers; the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA), which offered up to twelve-week unpaid leaves to employees in larger enterprises for family and medical emergencies; and the Johnson Controls decision of 1991, which barred fetal protection regulations as a form of sex discrimination.
Conclusion
Authors: Woloch Nancy
Published: November 2017

This concluding chapter examines the nature of protective law, the crucial historical issue of overtime, and public policy after the dismantling of women-only protective laws. Over the course of a century, protective laws for women workers left a double imprint on U.S. history. The laws set precedents that led to the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 and to modern labor law; they also sustained classification by sex, a tradition of gendered law that abridged citizenship, impeded equality, and endured until late in the century. One variable facet of the protective agenda was the interplay between women-only protective laws and “general” wage-and-hours law that affected men. The long history of overtime, its role in shaping gendered law, and its ramifications over time suggests both the unstable nature of protective law and the unpredictability of its consequences.
Beyond the Presidential Synthesis: Reordering Political Time
Authors: Zelizer Julian E.
Published: November 2017

This chapter attempts to rethink how we categorize and periodize political time by focusing on liberal presidential synthesis, a framework that is centered on the rise and fall of the presidency from Franklin Roosevelt to Richard Nixon. It first considers the basic narrative of the liberal presidential synthesis and argues that the works of the last generation of postwar political historians, while providing a much richer understanding of each individual, have downplayed institutional questions about the evolution of the office over time. It then reviews the literature on individual presidencies before discussing presidential power from the perspective of political science. It also examines a number of possibilities for reordering political time and concludes by reflecting on how political history may be revitalized and reconceptualized.
History and Political Science: Together Again?
Authors: Zelizer Julian E.
Published: November 2017

This chapter focuses on the reconvergence of history and political science and explains how historians and political scientists can work together towards reconstructing political history. It argues that political historians who want to truly reconceptualize the study of politics must draw on scholarship in political science to think of fresh approaches and frameworks that move beyond the liberal presidential synthesis. It discusses various areas in political science, some well established and others just emerging, that historians would find extremely useful; these include civic participation, the relationship between race and politics, and international political economy. The chapter also examines what contributions historians can offer to political science beyond providing them with more data and concludes by highlighting disciplinary diffrences that historians and political scientists must respect and should not abandon.
What Political Science Can Learn from the New Political History
Authors: Zelizer Julian E.
Published: November 2017

This chapter considers the contributions that the new political history can make to the field of political science. It first examines how political historians have revitalized their field in recent years before discussing three particular aspects of the literature that are essential for beginning an interdisciplinary dialogue between political history and political science: research on the motivations behind the rise of American conservatism, the discovery of the nineteenth-century state, and arguments about the particularities of public policy. The chapter also explores some key issues that need to addressed so that historians can connect with political scientists, such as the history of political economy or the history of liberalism.