bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards Retrieval-Augmented Architectures for Image Captioning
Authors: Sarto Sara , Cornia Marcella , Baraldi Lorenzo , Nicolosi Alessandro , Cucchiara Rita
Published: May 2024

The objective of image captioning models is to bridge the gap between the visual and linguistic modalities by generating natural language descriptions that accurately reflect the content of input images. In recent years, researchers have leveraged deep learning-based models and made advances in the extraction of visual features and the design of multimodal connections to tackle this task. This work presents a novel approach toward developing image captioning models that utilize an externalkNN memory to improve the generation process. Specifically, we propose two model variants that incorporate a knowledge retriever component that is based on visual similarities, a differentiable encoder to represent input images, and akNN-augmented language model to predict tokens based on contextual cues and text retrieved from the external memory. We experimentally validate our approach on COCO and nocaps datasets and demonstrate that incorporating an explicit external memory can significantly enhance the quality of captions, especially with a larger retrieval corpus. This work provides valuable insights into retrieval-augmented captioning models and opens up new avenues for improving image captioning at a larger scale.
Efficient Decoding of Affective States from Video-elicited EEG Signals: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Latifzadeh Kayhan , Gozalpour Nima , Traver V. Javier , Ruotsalo Tuukka , Kawala-Sterniuk Aleksandra , Leiva Luis A
Published: May 2024

Affect decoding through brain-computer interfacing (BCI) holds great potential to capture users’ feelings and emotional responses via non-invasive electroencephalogram (EEG) sensing. Yet, little research has been conducted to understand
efficient
decoding when users are exposed to
dynamic
audiovisual contents. In this regard, we study EEG-based affect decoding from videos in arousal and valence classification tasks, considering the impact of signal length, window size for feature extraction, and frequency bands. We train both classic Machine Learning models (SVMs and
k
-NNs) and modern Deep Learning models (FCNNs and GTNs). Our results show that: (1) affect can be effectively decoded using less than 1 minute of EEG signal; (2) temporal windows of 6 and 10 seconds provide the best classification performance for classic Machine Learning models but Deep Learning models benefit from much shorter windows of 2 seconds; and (3) any model trained on the Beta band alone achieves similar (sometimes better) performance than when trained on all frequency bands. Taken together, our results indicate that affect decoding can work in more realistic conditions than currently assumed, thus becoming a viable technology for creating better interfaces and user models.
Development of an Experimentally Validated Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for a PBI Membrane-Based Anhydrous HCl Electrolyzer
Authors: Likit-anurak Kris , Teel Hunter R. , Karki Ishwor , Howard Ben I. , Benicewicz Brian C. , Shimpalee Sirivatch , Meekins Benjamin H.
Published: May 2024

We report the development of an experimentally-validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for simulation of an anhydrous HCl electrolyzer. The experimental data from 3 membrane variants was used to provide kinetic and membrane parameters for the model. The model not only accurately simulates overall electrolyzer performance, but it also provides key insights into the transport phenomena within the electrolyzer. The model allows simulation of experimental parameters like high HCl flowrates and increased cell pressure that pose a high safety risk to researchers. The model shows hotspots in the temperature distribution that will need to be addressed by flow field modification when scaling up the electrolysis process. The increasing of cell pressure reduces the gradient of current distribution throughout the electrolyzer and lowers the cell voltage required for a given current density. Increasing electrolyzer temperature reduces cell voltage by decreasing losses due to kinetic overpotential and ohmic overpotential. The implications of the simulated results are discussed, including potential limitations in our experiments and how the model can be used effectively when considering important steps like industry scale-up.
Performance Evaluation of an Anode-Supported SOFC Short-Stack Operating with Different Fuel Blends as Stationary-CHP System
Authors: Marino Francesco , Monforti Ferrario Andrea , Santoni Francesca , Alfano Antonio , Noponen Matti , Neubauer Raphael , Cigolotti Viviana , Jannelli Elio
Published: May 2024

In the perspective of the transition of gas grids towards hydrogen/natural gas blends or even pure hydrogen, Solid Oxide Fuel Cells “SOFC” could play a crucial role as efficient and clean stationary Combined Heat and Power systems, flexibly operating on different feedstocks. A solid oxide fuel cell short stack is analyzed experimentally under different fuel gas compositions which emulate different gas grid transition scenarios. The testing campaign is defined with the aid of a preliminary system-level simulation which assesses system architecture and operating strategy (off-gas recirculation, external reforming, etc). Experimental tests (polarization curves and performance/efficiency maps) are run in different operating conditions in terms of fuel utilization and temperature in three gas composition scenarios. To assess the efficiency of the SOFC unit under the different feedstock operation, different formulations of stack and system efficiencies are proposed and analyzed, based on the boundary conditions considered for the input/output energy streams. Experimental results were key to evaluate the different efficiency definitions proposed; albeit the highest voltage/power is obtained with the 100% H2 scenario, the efficiency may be higher with 100% NG and blend scenarios, due to the lower energy content of the input fuel.
Sensitivity and activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress response and apoptosis in the perinatal sheep heart
Authors: Bose Karthikeyan , Espinoza Herbert M. , Louey Samantha , Jonker Sonnet S.
Published: May 2024

Cardiomyocyte apoptosis occurs even in the healthy, normally developing perinatal myocardium. As cardiomyocyte number is a critical contributor to heart health, the sensitivity of cardiomyocytes to endoplasmic reticulum stress leading to apoptosis is an important consideration. This study suggests that the heart has less robust protective mechanisms in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress immediately before and after birth, and that more cardiomyocyte death can be induced by stress in this period.
Reflex sympathetic activation to inspiratory muscle loading is attenuated in females relative to males
Authors: Leahy Michael G. , Busch Stephen A. , Thrall Scott F. , Hillen Sam J. , Sheel A. William , Foster Glen E.
Published: May 2024

The blood pressure response to high levels of inspiratory muscle work is lower in females and occurs alongside a reduced sympathetic response. The reduced blood pressure and sympathetic response occur despite males and females performing similar levels of absolute inspiratory work. Our findings provide evidence that sex differences in the respiratory muscle metaboreflex are, in part, sympathetically mediated.
Impact of Driver Compliance and Aggressiveness in Connected Vehicles on Mixed Traffic Flow Efficiency: A Simulation Study
Authors: Qian Chenhao , Feng Taojun , Li Zhiyuan , Ye Yanjun , Yang Shengwen
Published: May 2024

Connected vehicles (CVs) are becoming increasingly prevalent in today’s transportation systems, and understanding their behavior in mixed traffic flow is crucial for enhancing traffic efficiency and safety. This paper presents a comprehensive study investigating the impact of CV drivers’ compliance and aggressiveness on mixed traffic flow through simulation experiments. The unique contribution of this research lies in the adoption of a clustering method to classify CV drivers’ compliance and aggressiveness based on trajectory data captured by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). This approach allows for the accurate calibration of car‐following and lane‐changing models, surpassing previous methodologies. The study outlines two primary methods: the intelligent driver model (IDM) with driver compliance (CVs‐IDM) and the lane‐change 2013 model with drivers’ style. These methods are applied to simulate various scenarios of mixed traffic flow, considering different CV penetration rates and driver types. The pivotal findings reveal that higher CV penetration rates lead to reduced traffic flow disturbance, improved safety, and enhanced efficiency. Specifically, CV drivers exhibiting high compliance and normal aggressiveness demonstrate optimal performance in terms of disturbance reduction, safety, and overall efficiency. This research offers valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners. It recommends increasing the CV penetration rate in mixed traffic flow to enhance overall efficiency. Moreover, selecting the appropriate CV driver type based on the penetration rate can further optimize traffic flow, positively impacting transportation systems and promoting safer and more efficient mixed traffic environments.
The Right Formula for Acne: Importance of Vehicle Formulation in Tazarotene 0.045% Lotion Design, Application, Tolerability, and Efficacy
Authors: Draelos Zoe D. , Kircik Leon H. , Zeichner Joshua A. , Pillai Radhakrishnan , Angel Arturo , Guenin Eric , Tanghetti Emil A.
Published: May 2024

The vehicles used for topical dermatological treatments can significantly contribute to treatment effects while also delivering ingredients to maintain skin barrier function and reduce irritation. Tazarotene 0.045% lotion was developed using proprietary polymeric emulsion technology to provide uniform and efficient delivery of the active ingredient as well as improved safety and tolerability compared to higher‐dose tazarotene formulations. The lotion vehicle additionally provides rapid and sustained improvements in moisturization and skin barrier function with patient‐friendly application and cosmetic properties. Compared with trifarotene 0.005% cream, tazarotene 0.045% lotion demonstrated ∼30% greater spreadability and a lower potential for irritation. In clinical trials and investigator‐initiated studies, tazarotene 0.045% lotion demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of facial and truncal acne and improved skin oiliness. Facial acne improvements were similar among study participants grouped by sex, race, ethnicity, or age. In a head‐to‐head study, efficacy was comparable to tazarotene 0.1% cream with approximately half the rate of treatment‐emergent adverse events. Tazarotene 0.045% lotion is a beneficial acne treatment option for patients of varying ages, races, ethnicities, and skin types, delivered in a formulation that can be easily used on the face, back, and chest.
Network Pharmacology Prediction and Metabolomics Validation of the Novel Targets of Morus alba L. against High-Fat Diet-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in C57/6J Mice
Authors: Qiu Fan , Chen Yu-Ping , Wu Hong-Yan , Sun Ji-Hu
Published: May 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine-metabolic disorder that has limited approaches to treat effectively. Morus alba L., also known as mulberry, is a well-known medicinal plant, and its branch bark has shown hypoglycemic activity. It is rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ingredients. In this study, we used metabolomics combined with network pharmacology to investigate the molecular mechanism and potential key targets of mulberry branch bark powder (MBBP) for treating DM. Serum metabolomics was performed to analyze the differences in metabolites and enrich metabolic pathways. Network pharmacology, based on systems biology tools, was applied to generate the pathway-target-compound network. Integrated analyses were then used to screen for key targets. To verify the obtained key targets, we used a molecular docking method and experimental validation. Our findings revealed that thirty-five endogenous metabolites contributed to the therapeutic impact of MBBP against DM. The analysis of 10 hub genes in the compound-target network partially supported the enrichment of metabolic pathways. Further analysis focused on two compounds (eugenol and mulberrofuran A) and three key targets (NOS2, MAOA, and CYP1A1). This study explores the active compounds of MBBP against DM and provides a novel perspective for improving DM treatment based on key targets.
Swin Transformer and the Unet Architecture to Correct Motion Artifacts in Magnetic Resonance Image Reconstruction
Authors: Hossain Md. Biddut , Shinde Rupali Kiran , Imtiaz Shariar Md , Hossain F. M. Fahmid , Jeon Seok-Hee , Kwon Ki-Chul , Kim Nam
Published: May 2024

We present a deep learning-based method that corrects motion artifacts and thus accelerates data acquisition and reconstruction of magnetic resonance images. The novel model, the Motion Artifact Correction by Swin Network (MACS-Net), uses a Swin transformer layer as the fundamental block and the Unet architecture as the neural network backbone. We employ a hierarchical transformer with shifted windows to extract multiscale contextual features during encoding. A new dual upsampling technique is employed to enhance the spatial resolutions of feature maps in the Swin transformer-based decoder layer. A raw magnetic resonance imaging dataset is used for network training and testing; the data contain various motion artifacts with ground truth images of the same subjects. The results were compared to six state-of-the-art MRI image motion correction methods using two types of motions. When motions were brief (within 5 s), the method reduced the average normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) from 45.25% to 17.51%, increased the mean structural similarity index measure (SSIM) from 79.43% to 91.72%, and increased the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) from 18.24 to 26.57 dB. Similarly, when motions were extended from 5 to 10 s, our approach decreased the average NRMSE from 60.30% to 21.04%, improved the mean SSIM from 33.86% to 90.33%, and increased the PSNR from 15.64 to 24.99 dB. The anatomical structures of the corrected images and the motion-free brain data were similar.
CRDC consortium members from NCI Cancer Research Data Commons: Core Standards and Services
Authors: Brady Arthur , Charbonneau Amanda , Grossman Robert L. , Creasy Heather H. , Renner Robinette , Pihl Todd , Otridge John , Kim Erika , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S. , Kerlavage Anthony R.
Published: May 2024

full list of CRDC consortium members, corresponding to 'CRDC Program' author
Diet Modulates the Gut Microbiome, Metabolism, and Mammary Gland Inflammation to Influence Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Arnone Alana A. , Wilson Adam S. , Soto-Pantoja David R. , Cook Katherine L.
Published: May 2024

Several studies indicate a strong link between obesity and the risk of breast cancer. Obesity decreases gut microbial biodiversity and modulates Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes phyla proportional abundance, suggesting that increased energy-harvesting capacity from indigestible dietary fibers and elevated lipopolysaccharide bioavailability may promote inflammation. To address the limited evidence linking diet-mediated changes in gut microbiota to breast cancer risk, we aimed to determine how diet affects the microbiome and breast cancer risk. For ten weeks, female 3-week-old BALB/c mice were fed six different diets (control, high-sugar, lard, coconut oil, lard + flaxseed oil, and lard + safflower oil). Fecal 16S sequencing was performed for each group. Diet shifted fecal microbiome populations and modulated mammary gland macrophage infiltration. Fecal-conditioned media shifted macrophage polarity and inflammation. In our DMBA-induced breast cancer model, diet differentially modulated tumor and mammary gland metabolism. We demonstrated how dietary patterns change metabolic outcomes and the gut microbiota, possibly contributing to breast tumor risk. Furthermore, we showed the influence of diet on metabolism, inflammation, and macrophage polarity. This study suggests that dietary–microbiome interactions are key mediators of breast cancer risk.

Prevention Relevance: Our study demonstrates the impact of diet on breast cancer risk, focusing on the interplay between diet, the gut microbiome, and mammary gland inflammation.
Figure S4 from Urolithin-A Promotes CD8+ T Cell–mediated Cancer Immunosurveillance via FOXO1 Activation
Authors: Ginefra Pierpaolo , Hope Helen Carrasco , Chiang Yi-Hsuan , Nutten Sophie , Blum Stephanie , Coukos George , Vannini Nicola
Published: May 2024

UroA induces mitophagy in T cells culture in Il15/7 condition
Figure S3 from Urolithin-A Promotes CD8+ T Cell–mediated Cancer Immunosurveillance via FOXO1 Activation
Authors: Ginefra Pierpaolo , Hope Helen Carrasco , Chiang Yi-Hsuan , Nutten Sophie , Blum Stephanie , Coukos George , Vannini Nicola
Published: May 2024

UroA modulates FOXO1 target genes expression but not FOXO1 expression in vitro
Figure S2 from Urolithin-A Promotes CD8+ T Cell–mediated Cancer Immunosurveillance via FOXO1 Activation
Authors: Ginefra Pierpaolo , Hope Helen Carrasco , Chiang Yi-Hsuan , Nutten Sophie , Blum Stephanie , Coukos George , Vannini Nicola
Published: May 2024

UroA improve functionality of T cells in vitro
FIGURE 2 from Urolithin-A Promotes CD8+ T Cell–mediated Cancer Immunosurveillance via FOXO1 Activation
Authors: Ginefra Pierpaolo , Hope Helen Carrasco , Chiang Yi-Hsuan , Nutten Sophie , Blum Stephanie , Coukos George , Vannini Nicola
Published: May 2024

UroA promotes naïve T-cell expansion in vivo and memory formation in vitro.A, Schematic representation of in vivo feeding experiment. B, Frequency of naïve CD8+ T cells (CD62L+CD44−) isolated from the spleen of mice fed with control or UroA-enriched diet. C, Expression level of CD62 L in CD8+ T cells from B, values are normalized to the control. D, Frequency of central memory (CD62L+CD44+) in CD8+ T cells treated for 4 days with 5 µmol/L UroA in IL15/7 condition in vitro. E, Expression level of central memory marker CD62 L in C. F, Analysis of tumor growth rate of B16-Ova tumor-bearing mice adoptively transferred with no cells (saline = 13 mice), control OT-1 CD8+ T cells (control = 10 mice) and UroA-treated OT-1 CD8+ T cells (UroA = 13 mice). G, Quantification of expression level of TIM-3 and PD-1 in TILs from F measured (control = 7, UroA = 6). H, Frequency of terminally exhausted T cells (TCF1−PD1+TIM3+) from G. Data are mean ± SEM. Each dot represents a biological replicate. In B and C, control n = 10 mice, UroA = 12 mice. In D and E, sample size n = 5. Data were analyzed by two-sided Student t test (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01). Representative results of two independent experiments or two pooled experiments.
Data from Urolithin-A Promotes CD8+ T Cell–mediated Cancer Immunosurveillance via FOXO1 Activation
Authors: Ginefra Pierpaolo , Hope Helen Carrasco , Chiang Yi-Hsuan , Nutten Sophie , Blum Stephanie , Coukos George , Vannini Nicola
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Naïve T cells are key players in cancer immunosurveillance, even though their function declines during tumor progression. Thus, interventions capable of sustaining the quality and function of naïve T cells are needed to improve cancer immunoprevention.

In this context, we studied the capacity of Urolithin-A (UroA), a potent mitophagy inducer, to enhance T cell–mediated cancer immunosurveillance.

We discovered that UroA improved the cancer immune response by activating the transcription factor FOXO1 in CD8+ T cell. Sustained FOXO1 activation promoted the expression of the adhesion molecule L-selectin (CD62L) resulting in the expansion of the naïve T cells population. We found that UroA reduces FOXO1 phosphorylation favoring its nuclear localization and transcriptional activity. Overall, our findings determine FOXO1 as a novel molecular target of UroA in CD8+ T cells and indicate UroA as promising immunomodulator to improve cancer immunosurveillance.
Significance:
Urolithin-A, a potent mitophagy inducer, emerges as a promising tool to enhance cancer immunosurveillance by activating the FOXO1 transcription factor in CD8+ T cells. This activation promotes the expansion of naïve T cells, offering a novel avenue for improving cancer immune response and highlighting UroA as a potential immunomodulator for bolstering our body's defenses against cancer.
Comprehensive Genomic Characterization in Ovarian Low-Grade and Chemosensitive and Chemoresistant High-Grade Serous Carcinomas
Authors: Jaliffa Carolina , Rogel Uwe , Sen Indrani , Singer Gad
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Genomic characterization of serous ovarian carcinoma (SOC), which includes low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC) and high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), remains necessary to improve efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the genomic variations in these SOC groups, also in relation to chemoresponse. Methods: Forty-five samples of SOC were retrospectively analyzed by next-generation sequencing on DNA/RNA extracts from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples obtained at diagnosis. HGSCs were classified as platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive. Results: In the LGSC group, 44% of the carcinomas had mutually exclusive variants in the RAS/RAF pathway, while additional likely oncogenic variants in the CDKN2A, SMARCA4, and YAP1 genes were observed in the remaining LGSCs. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) was significantly lower in the intrinsically chemoresistant LGSC group than in the HGSC group. In the HGSC cohort, TP53 variants were found in 90% and homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway variants in 41% of the neoplasms. HGSCs of the chemoresistant group without classic mutations in the HRR pathway were characterized by additional variants in FGFR2 and with an FGFR3::TACC3 fusion. In addition, HGSCs showed MYC, CCNE1, and AKT2 gains that were almost exclusively observed in the chemosensitive HGSC group. Conclusion: These results suggest that very low TMB and MYC, CCNE1, and AKT2 gains in SOC patients may be biomarkers related to platinum treatment efficacy. Thorough genomic characterization of SOCs prior to treatment might lead to more specific platinum-based chemotherapy strategies.
Perspective: Do Scientists Become Part of the Obesity Problem?
Authors: Müller Manfred J. , Bosy-Westphal Anja , Wells Jonathan C.K.
Published: May 2024

Obesity is fundamentally a condition where physiology and behavior of individuals meet the environment, and the emerging global obesity pandemic reflects the contribution of a wide range of cultural, societal, economic and systemic driving forces. Today, different areas of obesity research are relatively separated from each other in discrete silos, with biomedical research determining most of our understanding and solution strategies. This has led to the Y in the road, which means the questionable assumption that effective drug treatment of individual patients is also an effective measure to improve population health. Since human obesity is a condition of population health and planetary impact a better integration of biomedical and public health approaches is based on critical (self-)reflection and communicative understanding of scientists from various research areas who should be on an equal footing.
Design of a User-Centered Electronic Health Tool for Glomerular Disease Management
Authors: Oliverio Andrea L. , Peagler Amanda , Mitchell Russell , Martinez Adina , Denham Megan , Mariani Laura H. , Cobb Jason , Oommen Anju A. , Alter Gabrielle , Anzai Mone , Pang Yasmine , Troost Jonathan P. , Escoffery Cam , Wang Chia-shi
Published: May 2024

Introduction Patients with primary glomerular disease (GN) have unique management needs. We describe the design of a user-centered, patient-facing electronic health (eHealth) tool to support GN management.
Methods We surveyed patients and GN expert nephrologists on disease management tasks, educational needs, and barriers and facilitators of eHealth tool use. Results were summarized and presented to patients, nephrologists, engineers, and a behavioral and implementation science expert in stakeholder meetings to jointly design an eHealth tool. Key themes from the meetings are described using rapid qualitative analysis.
Results Sixty-six patients with minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, IgA nephropathy, and membranous nephropathy responded to the survey, as well as 25 nephrologists from the NIH-funded Cure Glomerulonephropathy study network. Overall, patients performed fewer management tasks and acknowledged fewer informational needs than recommended by nephrologists. Patients were more knowledgeable about eHealth tools than nephrologists. Nine patient stakeholders reflected on the survey findings and noted a lack of awareness of key recommended management tasks and receiving little guidance from nephrologists on using eHealth. Key themes and concepts from the stakeholder meetings about eHealth tool development included the need for customizable design, trustworthy sources, seamless integration with other apps and clinical workflow, and reliable data tracking. The final design of our eHealth tool, the UrApp System, has 5 core features: “Profile” generates personalized data tracking, educational information, facilitation with provider discussions and inputting other preferences; “Data Tracking” displays patient health data with the ability to communicate important trends to patients and nephrologists; “Resources” provides trusted education information in a personalized manner; “Calendar” displays key events and generate reminders; and “Journal” facilitates information documentation using written or audio notes.
Conclusion Our theory- and evidenced-based, stakeholder-engaged design process created designs for an eHealth tool to support the unique needs of patients with GN, optimized for effectiveness and implementation.
Metapicture: pintura de história em quadrinhos
Authors: Paula Marcus Vinicius de , Lima Alberto K.
Published: May 2024

It uses the metalinguistic strategy to reflect on the relationship between narrative in figurative painting and comics. Therefore, it treats the potential of self-reflexive images and their theoretical-critical abilities using the concept of metapicture, coined by W. J. T.  Mitchell. The second step looks for examples in art history that prove the importance of self-reflective experiences for the theory of painting. Then, it shows how comics expanded the investigative possibilities of metapicture through humor. Afterwards, some examples from MAD magazine are used to argue that, beyond the self-reflection of a visual language, there is a great critical potential in the projection of one visual language over the other. Finally, the rich experiences in comics that have called academic pictorial language into question are presented.
Can Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation improve piglets’ performance and intestinal health after weaning?
Authors: Guimarães Eduarda Buck Bernardes , Oliveira Ana Clara Rodrigues de , Carnino Bruno Braga , Alves Laya Kannan Silva , Sousa Ricardo Luiz Moro de , Pairis-Garcia Monique Danielle , Garbossa Cesar Augusto Pospissil
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to assess the impact of two commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (CHY1 and CHY2) on the intestinal health and performance of weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli during the nursery phase. One hundred ninety-two piglets with an average weight of 6.70 ± 0.92 kilograms were allocated in a randomized block design to one of four treatments: a negative control (C) without E. coli challenge and no yeast supplementation; a positive control (CH) with E. coli challenge and no yeast supplementation; and two treatment groups receiving an E. coli challenge with a CHY1 and CHY2 yeast strain supplementation. The challenge involved inoculating piglets with two dosages of E. coli F4 (106 CFU/ml and 109 CFU/ml) and a saline solution for the C group. Samples of intestinal tissue, blood, and cecal content were collected on the trial’s 11th, 28th, and 42nd days. All variables were subjected to analysis of variance, and upon detecting significant differences via the F-test (p < 0.05), Tukey’s test was applied to compare treatment means. For the analysis of diarrhea occurrence, the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied. When variables were rejected at a 5% probability level, a Dunn’s test was conducted as a post-hoc analysis for paired multiple comparisons (p < 0.05), with statistical significance set at this level. Weaned piglets supplemented with CHY1 exhibited superior performance metrics, including higher average daily gain (15.3% increase), body weight (3.4% increase), feed-to-gain ratio (9.5% increase), and average daily feed intake (12.3% increase) at 28 days compared to the CH group across two different nutritional phases. No discernible effects were observed on measuring blood parameters, intestinal morphology, or cecal short-chain fatty acids. Both yeast-treated groups displayed improved performance during the most challenging periods. However, the CHY1 yeast strain contributed to enhanced piglet performance in the initial 28 days without inducing changes in intestinal morphology.
Kurt Cobain, o el exceso como signo de época. Subjetividad einterés biográfico en la semiótica cultural
Authors: Gómez Ponce Ariel
Published: May 2024

A treinta años de la muerte de Kurt Cobain, es de interés preguntarnos por la excepcionalidad que la cultura pop ha asignado al líder de Nirvana, cuestión sobre la cual la semiótica puede brindar algunas respuestas. Propongo, para ello, revisar una lección tardía de Yuri Lotman que, en torno a las biografías, se ocupa de definir lo inusual que encarnan sujetos ejemplares que se arriesgan a disputar la norma. Las premisas de Lotman sobre el exceso semiótico encontrarían cauce en la cultura posmoderna, en especial en una subjetividad descentrada que Fredric Jameson definió en términos de una intensidad. En Cobain, será posible constatar dicha subjetividad que, sumiéndose en la inestabilidad y sin posibilidad de una total subversión, oscila entre la persecución romántica de la originalidad y la adoración fetichista de mercado. Acorde a los intereses de esa teoría semiótica, la lectura será emprendida en textos artísticos que retratan la vida del cantante y su mitologización, corroborando así cómo, en ciertos periodos, una biografía deviene laboratorio para observar toda una cultura.
Capitalismo de vigilância e lutas algorítmicas
Authors: Corrêa Murilo Duarte Costa , Cocco Giuseppe
Published: May 2024

The recent literature on digital techniques has exploded in a spiral of denunciations against algorithms. They would be nothing but neoliberal techniques by which a new stage of capitalism would globally subsume societies, enclosing them in an infinite repetition guaranteed by data extraction and continuous surveillance. This essay problematizes surveillance capitalism – one of the main focal points of this debate. Furthermore, it repositions the split between surveillance and security in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of algorithmic struggles. As a result, we argue that surveillance capitalism hides the perspective of work and struggles, throwing us into political impasse and immobility.
Beneficial Effects of Oral Carbon Monoxide on Doxorubicin‐Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Alves de Souza Rodrigo W. , Voltarelli Vanessa , Gallo David , Shankar Sidharth , Tift Michael S. , Young Mark , Gomperts Edward , Gomperts Andrew , Otterbein Leo E.
Published: May 2024

Background

Doxorubicin and other anthracyclines are crucial cancer treatment drugs. However, they are associated with significant cardiotoxicity, severely affecting patient care and limiting dosage and usage. Previous studies have shown that low carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations protect against doxorubicin toxicity. However, traditional methods of CO delivery pose complex challenges for daily administration, such as dosing and toxicity. To address these challenges, we developed a novel oral liquid drug product containing CO (HBI‐002) that can be easily self‐administered by patients with cancer undergoing doxorubicin treatment, resulting in CO being delivered through the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Methods and Results

HBI‐002 was tested in a murine model of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in the presence and absence of lung or breast cancer. The mice received HBI‐002 twice daily before doxorubicin administration and experienced increased carboxyhemoglobin levels from a baseline of ≈1% to 7%. Heart tissue from mice treated with HBI‐002 had a 6.3‐fold increase in CO concentrations and higher expression of the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase‐1 compared with placebo control. In both acute and chronic doxorubicin toxicity scenarios, HBI‐002 protected the heart from cardiotoxic effects, including limiting tissue damage and cardiac dysfunction and improving survival. In addition, HBI‐002 did not compromise the efficacy of doxorubicin in reducing tumor volume, but rather enhanced the sensitivity of breast 4T1 cancer cells to doxorubicin while simultaneously protecting cardiac function.

Conclusions

These findings strongly support using HBI‐002 as a cardioprotective agent that maintains the therapeutic benefits of doxorubicin cancer treatment while mitigating cardiac damage.
Association of Blood Copper With the Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis: An Observational Study
Authors: Zhou Denglu , Mao Qi , Sun Yapei , Cheng Hao , Zhao Jianhua , Liu Qingsong , Deng Mengyang , Xu Shangcheng , Zhao Xiaohui
Published: May 2024

Background

Copper exposure is reported to be associated with increased risk of stroke. However, the association of copper exposure with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis remains unclear.

Methods and Results

This observational study included consecutive participants from Xinqiao Hospital between May 2020 and August 2021. Blood metals were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and carotid atherosclerosis was assessed using ultrasound. Modified Poisson regression was performed to evaluate the associations of copper and other metals with subclinical carotid plaque presence. Blood metals were analyzed as categorical according to the quartiles. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, education, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and coronary artery disease history. Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression was conducted to evaluate the overall association of metal mixture with subclinical carotid plaque presence. One thousand five hundred eighty‐five participants were finally enrolled in our study, and carotid plaque was found in 1091 subjects. After adjusting for potential confounders, metal‐progressively‐adjusted models showed that blood copper was positively associated with subclinical carotid plaque (relative risk according to comparing quartile 4 to quartile 1 was 1.124 [1.021–1.238], relative risk according to per interquartile increment was 1.039 [1.008–1.071]). Blood cadmium and lead were also significantly associated with subclinical carotid plaque. Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression analyses suggested a synergistic effect of copper–cadmium–lead mixture on subclinical carotid plaque presence.

Conclusions

Our findings identify copper as a novel risk factor of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis and show the potential synergistic proatherogenic effect of copper, cadmium, and lead mixture.
Low‐Dose Colchicine Ameliorates Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity Via Promoting Autolysosome Degradation
Authors: Peng Ying , Li Zhonggen , Zhang Jianchao , Dong Yunshu , Zhang Chenglin , Dong Yiming , Zhai Yafei , Zheng Honglin , Liu Mengduan , Zhao Jing , Du Wenting , Liu Yangyang , Sun Liping , Li Xiaowei , Tao Hailong , Long Deyong , Zhao Xiaoyan , Du Xin , Ma Changsheng , Wang Yaohe , Dong Jianzeng
Published: May 2024

Background

The only clinically approved drug that reduces doxorubicin cardiotoxicity is dexrazoxane, but its application is limited due to the risk of secondary malignancies. So, exploring alternative effective molecules to attenuate its cardiotoxicity is crucial. Colchicine is a safe and well‐tolerated drug that helps reduce the production of reactive oxygen species. High doses of colchicine have been reported to block the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes in cancer cells. However, the impact of colchicine on the autophagy activity within cardiomyocytes remains inadequately elucidated. Recent studies have highlighted the beneficial effects of colchicine on patients with pericarditis, postprocedural atrial fibrillation, and coronary artery disease. It remains ambiguous how colchicine regulates autophagic flux in doxorubicin‐induced heart failure.

Methods and Results

Doxorubicin was administered to establish models of heart failure both in vivo and in vitro. Prior studies have reported that doxorubicin impeded the breakdown of autophagic vacuoles, resulting in damaged mitochondria and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Following the administration of a low dose of colchicine (0.1 mg/kg, daily), significant improvements were observed in heart function (left ventricular ejection fraction: doxorubicin group versus treatment group=43.75%±3.614% versus 57.07%±2.968%,
P
=0.0373). In terms of mechanism, a low dose of colchicine facilitated the degradation of autolysosomes, thereby mitigating doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity.

Conclusions

Our research has shown that a low dose of colchicine is pivotal in restoring the autophagy activity, thereby attenuating the cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. Consequently, colchicine emerges as a promising therapeutic candidate to improve doxorubicin cardiotoxicity.
Anatomical Markers Associated With the Presence of Intracranial Aneurysms in Individuals Screened for Aneurysms
Authors: Vos Iris N. , van Tuijl Rick J. , Mensing Liselore A. , Ophelders Maud E. H. , Velthuis Mireille R. E. , Zuithoff Nicolaas P. A. , Rinkel Gabriel J. E. , Kuijf Hugo J. , Zwanenburg Jaco J. M. , van der Schaaf Irene C. , Velthuis Birgitta K. , Ruigrok Ynte M.
Published: May 2024

Background

Hemodynamic stress is linked to the development of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) and may be influenced by anatomic variation of intracranial arteries. We assessed diameters and bifurcation angles of intracranial arteries forming the circle of Willis in a cohort of individuals screened for the presence of IAs.

Methods

Individuals with and without IAs identified at screening with magnetic resonance angiography were compared. Diameters and bifurcation angles of the following arteries were measured using semiautomatic methods: A1 and A2 segments of the anterior cerebral artery, M1 and M2 segments of the middle cerebral artery, P1 segments of the posterior cerebral artery, posterior communicating artery (Pcom), internal carotid artery, vertebral artery, and basilar artery. We employed univariate general linear models to assess group differences. This included subgroup comparisons between individuals with IAs at specific locations and matched controls, and comparisons on group level between individuals with and without IAs, corrected for age and sex.

Results

In 94 of the 1049 individuals (9.0%) included, IAs were detected. Individuals with middle cerebral artery IAs had wider ipsilateral M2–M2 bifurcation angles compared with controls (121±25° versus 97±19°;
P
<0.01). Individuals with anterior communicating artery IAs showed smaller angles for the A1–A2 bifurcation (106±16° versus 120±17°;
P
 = 0.02), while those with Pcom IAs had wider Pcom–C7 bifurcation angles (147±14° versus 127±17°;
P
 = 0.02) and smaller diameters below the ipsilateral internal carotid artery top (2.86±0.36 mm versus 3.10±0.33 mm;
P
 = 0.03) compared with controls.

Conclusion

We found associations between wider M2–M2 bifurcation angles or narrower A1–A2 bifurcation angles and IA presence, consistent with prior literature. Moreover, we uncovered previously unexplored associations, including wider Pcom–C7 bifurcation angles and smaller internal carotid artery diameters in individuals with Pcom IAs. Future research should explore the potential of these markers in predicting IAs in at‐risk populations during follow‐up screenings.
Reptiles in danger: Implications of road mortality in wetlands of South America
Authors: Arzamendia Vanesa , Furlan Exequiel Oscar , Ulibarrie Andrés Agustín , Bellini Gisela Paola
Published: May 2024

Undoubtedly, roads produce negative effects on wildlife, but when they are laid across wetlands effects can be exacerbated. The “hyperfragmentation” and loss of terrestrial and aquatic habitats generated by roads makes it urgent to measure effect on wildlife. Reptiles are highly susceptible to road mortality mainly because of their slow movement, and the use of roads as a substrate for thermoregulation and feeding areas. Here, we analysed reptile road mortality in the floodplain of the Paraná River (Argentina) at three sections: North (NS), Centre (CS), and South (SS). We compared the richness and abundance of reptile roadkill species that use different habitats by means of monthly samplings. We found 464 roadkills encompassing 27 species (1 turtle, 2 lizards, and 24 snakes). Despite a greater richness of terrestrial species, roadkill abundance was always dominated by aquatic species. We detected two hot spots of reptile roadkill where routes cross the Paraná River floodplain and the environment quality was high: one in the NS, located in a protected area with records of two Vulnerable species; and another hot spot in the SS, which recorded roadkills that belonged to almost all inhabiting snake species and presented the highest roadkill abundance. A temporal ‘hot moment’ of reptile roadkill occurrence was detected during autumn in the SS. This study provides a baseline for delineating measures to prevent and mitigate reptile mortality, focusing on specific places, moments, and taxa in roads crossing wetlands in the Paraná River floodplain.
Microphysical Characterization of Boundary Layer Ice Particles: Results from a 3-Year Measurement Campaign in Interior Alaska
Authors: Schmitt Carl G. , Vas Dragos , Schnaiter Martin , Järvinen Emma , Hartl Lea , Wong Telayna , Cassella Victor , Stuefer Martin
Published: May 2024

A three-winter study has been conducted to better understand the relationship between atmospheric conditions and ice fog or diamond dust microphysics. Measurements were conducted east of downtown Fairbanks in interior Alaska during nonprecipitating conditions. Atmospheric conditions were measured with several weather stations around the Fairbanks region and two meteorological temperature profiler instruments (ATTEX MTP-5HE and MTP-5PE). Near-surface ice particle microphysical observations were conducted with the Particle Phase Discriminator mark 2, Karlsruhe edition (PPD-2K), instrument, which measures particles from 8 to 112 μm (sphere equivalent). Panoramic camera images were captured and saved every 10 min throughout the campaign for visual assessment of atmospheric conditions. Machine learning was used to classify both cloud particle microphysical characteristics from the PPD-2K data and to categorize boundary layer conditions using the panoramic camera images. For panoramic camera images, data were categorized as cloudy, clear, fog, snowing, and a nearby power plant plume. For the PPD-2K machine learning study, the scattering pattern images were used to identify rough surface, pristine, sublimating, and spherical particles. Three additional categories were used to identify indeterminant or saturated images. These categories and categories derived from weather station data (e.g., temperature ranges) are used to quantify ice microphysical properties under different conditions. For the complete microphysical dataset, pristine plates or columns accounted for 15.5%, 16.3% appeared to be sublimating particles, and 43.4% were complex particles with either rough surfaces or multiple branches. Although the temperature was as warm as −20°C during measurements, only 1.3% of the particles were classified as liquid.

Significance Statement

Boundary layer ice particles are frequently present in the near-surface atmosphere when surface temperatures drop below −20°C. Substantial human impacts can occur due to visibility degradation and deposition of particles on surfaces. Understanding particle shape, size, and phase (liquid or solid) is important for understanding those impacts. This study presents the results of a 3-yr measurement campaign in Fairbanks, Alaska, in which we relate ice particle characteristics to lower atmospheric conditions. Results should improve weather forecasting and hazard prediction.
Hydrometeor Identification Using GMI Passive Microwave Brightness Temperatures
Authors: Cecil Daniel J. , Solomon Michael B. , Mecikalski Retha , Leppert Kenneth D.
Published: May 2024

Using passive microwave brightness temperatures Tb from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) and hydrometeor identification (HID) data from dual-polarization ground radars, empirical lookup tables are developed for a multifrequency estimation of the likelihood a precipitation column includes certain hydrometeor types, as a function of Tb. Eight years of collocated Tb and HID data from the GPM Validation Network are used for development and testing of the GMI-based HID retrieval, with 2015–20 used for training and 2021–22 used for testing the GMI-based HID retrieval. The occurrence of profiles with hail and graupel are both slightly underpredicted by the lookup tables, but the percentage of profiles predicted is highly correlated with the percentage observed (0.98 correlation coefficient for hail and 0.99 for graupel). By having snow appear before rain in the hierarchy, the sample size for rain, without ice aloft, is fairly small, and the percentage of rain profiles is less than snow for all Tb.
Continued Use Trajectories: How Entropy Work Sustains Technology Assemblages
Authors: Franco Paolo , Canniford Robin , Phipps Marcus , Epp Amber M.
Published: May 2024

Why do some technology products enjoy enduring continued use, whereas others are quickly discarded? Existing marketing research explains that continued use is motivated by cost–benefit decisions over how useful and easy to use a tech product is. Yet the interconnected nature of contemporary technologies means that continued use can depend on tech products’ capacities to interact with other devices, objects, infrastructures, and people as parts of assemblages that generate useful properties. By analyzing interview and observational data of technology consumption through the lens of assemblage theory, the authors identify four continued use trajectories. These explain different paths from adoption to discontinued use by distinguishing component parts’ capacities to interact and hold assemblages together to sustain emergent properties. In each trajectory, continued use is sustained by entropy work to support a tech product's usefulness and ease of use. The authors consider implications of entropy work for theories of continued use and broader marketing scholarship, and offer recommendations to help firms manage the opportunities and risks that accompany different continued use trajectories.