bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On using the
Manual
Authors: Krieg Noel R. , Garrity George M.
Published: August 2015

One important goal of the
Manual
has always been to assist in the identification of procaryotes, but another goal, equally important, is to indicate the relatedness that exists among the various groups of procaryotes. The development of DNA‐DNA hybridization techniques fulfilled the need. However, sequencing of the complete genomes of a number of procaryotes and comparison of various genes among the organisms has led to some reservations about whether 16S rDNA sequence analyses are completely reliable for reconstructing evolutionary phylogenies. The present edition of the
Manual
provides the best available phylogenetic scheme based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The order in which taxa are presented is based, in part, on the topology of the RDP tree, with some notable exceptions. This is discussed in more detail in the article entitled “Roadmap to the Manual”. All accepted genera have now been placed into a provisional taxonomic framework based upon the best available 16S rDNA sequence data (>1000 nts and <0.01% ambiguities). Each article dealing with a bacterial genus is presented wherever possible in a definite sequence based on parameters such as Name of the Genus, Name of Author(s), Synonyms, Etymology of the Genus Name, Capsule Description and so on.
Revised Road Map to the Phylum
Firmicutes
Authors: Ludwig Wolfgang , Schleifer Karl‐Heinz , Whitman William B.
Published: August 2015

The phylum
Firmicutes
contains three classes, “
Bacilli
”, “
Clostridia
” and “
Erysipelotrichia
”. The
Mollicutes
were removed from the phylum given the general low support by alternative markers and its unique phenotypic properties, in particular the lack of rigid cell walls. The family
Erysipelotrichaceae
, which includes wall‐forming Gram‐positive organisms previously classified with the
Mollicutes
, was retained in the
Firmicutes
as a novel class, “
Erysipelotrichia
”, and order, “
Erysipelotrichales
”. While the bipartition of the classes “
Clostridia
” and “
Bacilli
” is corroborated by the new analyses, some of the taxa previously assigned to the “
Clostridia
” tend to root outside the Firmicutes and may represent separate phyla. These include taxa previously classified within the “
Thermoanaerobacterales
” and
Syntrophomonadaceae
, which may contain a number of phylogenetic clades that are distinct at the phylum level. However, given the absence of corroboration by other phylogenetic markers for many of these assignments and a clear consensus on the definition of a phylum, these taxa were retained within the
Firmicutes
for the present.
The Road Map to the
Manual
Authors: Garrity George M. , Holt John G.
Published: August 2015

The Second Edition of
Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
represents a major departure from the First Edition, as well as from the Eighth and Ninth Editions of the
Manual of Determinative Bacteriology
, in that the organization of content follows a phylogenetic framework, based on analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the ribosomal small subunit
RNA
, rather than a phenotypic structure. The principal objective was to devise a classification that reflected the phylogeny of procaryotes based upon
16S rDNA
sequence analysis and to place all validly named taxa into the classification at a single point, based on the sequence data derived from the type strain, type species, or type genus. The technique (
16S rDNA
sequencing) is universal in applicability and will soon provide a single type of data that will be available for all validly named species. Given the rapid advancements in sequencing technology, we expect that other gene sequences (e.g.,
23S rRNA
gene) will follow in the near future and help in placement of “problem taxa”. Therefore, readers must recognize that the current classification is fluid and as each new “road map” is published there will be changes in the placement of some taxa. It is assumed that this current “natural history” approach will provide the basis for a more meaningful and predictive classification of procaryotes in the future.
Rubrobacteria class. nov.
Authors: Suzuki Ken‐ichiro
Published: August 2015

Ru.bro.bac.te'ri.a. N.L. masc. n.
Rubrobacter
type genus of the type order; suff. ‐
ia
ending to denote a class; N.L. pl. neut. n.
Rubrobacteria
the
Rubrobacterales
class.

Actinobacteria / Rubrobacteria
Phylogenetic Relationships Among the Cyanobacteria Based on 16S rRNA Sequences
Authors: Wilmotte Annick , Herdman Michael
Published: August 2015

Cyanobacteria / Phylogenetic Relationships Among the Cyanobacteria Based on S rRNA Sequences / Phylogenetic Relationships Among the Cyanobacteria Based on 16S rRNA Sequences
Micrococcales
Authors: Busse Hans‐Jürgen
Published: August 2015

Mi.cro.coc.ca'les. N.L. fem. n.
Micrococcus
type genus of the order; suff. ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Micrococcales
the
Micrococcus
order.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micrococcales
Thermoleophilales
Authors: Suzuki Ken‐ichiro
Published: August 2015

Ther.mo.le.o.phi'la.les. N. L. neut. n.
Thermoleophilum
type genus of the order; suff. ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N. L. fem. pl. n.
Thermoleophilales
the
Thermoleophilum
order.

Actinobacteria \ Thermoleophilia \ Thermoleophilales
Chlamydiales
Authors: Kuo Cho‐Chou , Horn Matthias , Stephens Richard S.
Published: August 2015

Chla.my.di.a'les. N.L. fem. n.
Chlamydia
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Chlamydiales
the
Chlamydia
order.

Chlamydiae / Chlamydiia / Chlamydiales
Desulfuromonales ord. nov
Authors: Kuever Jan , Rainey Fred A. , Widdel Friedrich
Published: August 2015

De.sul.fu.ro.mo.na' les
. M.L. fem. n.
Desulfuromonas
type genus of the type family of the order; suffix
ales
denotes order; M.L. fem. pl. n.
Desulfuromonales
the order that comprises
Desulfuromonaceae
.

Proteobacteria / Deltaproteobacteria / Desulfuromonales / Desulfuromonales
Chromatiales ord. nov.
Authors: Imhoff Johannes F.
Published: August 2015

Chro.ma.ti.a' les. M.L. neut. n.Chromatiumtype genus of the order; ‐alesending to denote an order; M.L. fem. pl. n.ChromatiaceaetheChromatiumorder.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Chromatiales
Mycoplasmatales
Authors: Brown Daniel R. , May Meghan , Bradbury Janet M. , Johansson Karl‐Erik , Neimark Harold
Published: August 2015

My.co.plas.ma.ta'les. N.L. neut. n.
Mycoplasma
, ‐
atos
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Mycoplasmatales
the
Mycoplasma
order.

Tenericutes / Mollicutes / Mycoplasmatales
Synergistetes
Authors:   Editorial Board
Published: August 2015

Syn.er.gist.et'es. N.L.masc.n.
Synergistes
– is a genus included in the phylum; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Synergistetes
the phylum of the genus
Synergistes

Synergistetes
Rapid and Facile Formation of P3HT Organogels via Spin Coating: Tuning Functional Properties of Organic Electronic Thin Films
Authors: Lee Cameron S. , Yin Wen , Holt Adam P. , Sangoro Joshua R. , Sokolov Alexei P. , Dadmun Mark D.
Published: August 2015

Poly(3‐hexyl thiophene) (P3HT) is widely regarded as the benchmark polymer when studying the physics of conjugated polymers used in organic electronic devices. P3HT can self‐assemble via π–π stacking of its backbone, leading to an assembly and growth of P3HT fibrils into 3D percolating organogels. These structures are capable of bridging the electrodes, providing multiple pathways for charge transport throughout the active layer. Here, a novel set of conditions is identified and discussed for P3HT organogel network formation via spin coating by monitoring the spin‐coating process from various solvents. The development of organogel formation is detected by in situ static light scattering, which measures both the thinning rate by reflectance and structural development in the film via off‐specular scattering during film formation. Optical microscopy and thermal annealing experiments provide ex situ confirmation of organogel fabrication. The role of solution characteristics, including solvent boiling point, P3HT solubility, and initial P3HT solution concentration on organogel formation, is examined to correlate these parameters to the rate of film formation, organogel‐onset concentration, and overall network size. The correlation of film properties to the fabrication parameters is also analyzed within the context of the hole mobility and density‐of‐states measured by impedance spectroscopy.
Barrel‐Shaped Oil Skimmer Designed for Collection of Oil from Spills
Authors: Song Jinlong , Lu Yao , Luo Jie , Huang Shuai , Wang Long , Xu Wenji , Parkin Ivan P.
Published: August 2015

Superhydrophobic–superoleophilic (SS) materials have the prospect to be used in oil‐spill cleanup as treated felts because of their complete oil‐absorbing and water‐repelling properties. The main issues affecting the practical application of the SS materials are the low volume‐based absorption capacity (resulting in a high cost), the requirement for mechanical handling (squeeze out the oil) for recycling, and low storage stability of the collected oil. In this study, a barrel‐shaped oil skimmer mainly composed of an SS Cu foam and a glass barrel is developed as a potential step‐change device to enable separation of oil and water. The SS Cu active component is fabricated by chemical etching and stearic acid modification. The demonstrator oil skimmer quickly and selectively absorbs and collects a variety of oils from a polluted water surface, showing a high separation efficiency and volume‐based absorption capacity. The device can be easily scaled up. In addition to the high absorption capacity, the as‐prepared oil skimmer filters and collects the floating oil into the barrel, removing the traditional mechanical handling. Moreover, the as‐prepared oil skimmer also shows good storage stability; no oil escapes from the skimmer under harsh conditions. The findings presented in this study facilitate a novel, simple, and low‐cost approach for oil‐spill cleanup.
Near‐Zero Index: Optical Magnetic Mirror for Field Enhancement and Subwavelength Imaging Applications
Authors: Choi Soo Bong , Park Doo Jae , Byun Sun Jung , Kyoung Jisoo , Hwang Sung Woo
Published: August 2015

Electric field enhancement at the plasmonic nanogap of plasmonic nanostructures is essential for applications such as surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, high‐harmonic generation, molecule sensing, and energy harvesting. Toward achieving higher electric fields, research in the fields of metamaterials and plasmonics has focused on reducing the gap size toward the subnanometer scale. However, the fabrication of extremely small gaps requires complicated techniques, and the resulting tiny scattering cross‐section hinders the efficient use of the enhanced electric field. Here, a completely new approach is proposed to enhance the electric field. Instead of reducing the gap size, it is shown that lowering the refractive index of the substrate very close to zero can increase the electric field by at least an order of magnitude. It is found that the physical origin of such hugely improved field enhancement is the optical magnetic mirror effect at the interface between gap and near‐zero index substrate, which induces phase invariant, near unity reflection. Furthermore, with the help of enhanced electric field, subwavelength slit arrays on the near‐zero‐index substrate are successfully imaged. It is believed that the combination of the near‐zero‐index metamaterials with plasmonic nanogaps can overcome the limitations of current field enhancement technologies.
Studies on Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Sisal Pulp Reinforced Phenolic Composites
Authors: WANG SHIQI , WEI CHUN , LIU HONGXIA , GONG YONGYANG , YANG DEJIANG , YANG PENG , LIU TIANXI
Published: August 2015

Based on renewable cellulosic resource, sisal pulp (SP) was prepared from wasted sisal fiber (SF) by the sulfate pulping method. The impact of the content of SP on the mechanical properties of phenolic composites was studied. For comparison, the reinforcement effect of SF, aramid pulp (AP), and glass fiber (GF) was studied. The microscopic structure and properties of the composites were characterized by polarized optical microscopy (POM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA), and mechanical testing. Results show that the flexural strength and impact strength of SP‐reinforced phenolic composites maximized at 125.6 MPa and 11.09 kJ/m2, respectively, with 25wt% of SP. Compared with SF‐, AP‐, and GF‐reinforced phenolic composites, the flexural strength of SP‐reinforced phenolic composite has increased by 76.41, 25.35, and 14.29%, respectively, and impact strength increased by 49.26, 65.03, and 132.01%. POM illustrates that SP, SF, and AP subjected to a large shear during the roll milling process, and thus the fibers are cracked into finer microfibers. The results indicate that those microfibers and interfacial interaction affect reinforcement effect significantly.
Interstitial microdeletions including the chromosome band 4q13.2 and the UBA6 gene as possible causes of intellectual disability and behavior disorder
Authors: Quintela Ines , Barros Francisco , Fernandez‐Prieto Montse , Martinez‐Regueiro Rocio , Castro‐Gago Manuel , Carracedo Angel , Gomez‐Lado Carmen , Eiris Jesus
Published: August 2015

The few proximal 4q chromosomal aberrations identified in patients with neurodevelopmental phenotypes that have been published to date are variable in type, size and breakpoints and, therefore, encompass different chromosome bands and genes, making the establishment of genotype–phenotype correlations a challenging task. Here, microarray‐based copy number analysis allowed us the detection of two novel and partially overlapping deletions in two unrelated families. In Family 1, a 4q13.1‐q13.2 deletion of 3.84 Mb was identified in a mother with mild intellectual disability and in her two children, both with mild intellectual disability and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In Family 2, a de novo 4q13.2‐q13.3 deletion of 6.81 Mb was detected in a female patient, born to unaffected parents, with a diagnosis of mild intellectual disability, behavioral disorder and facial dysmorphism. The shortest region of overlap between these two aberrations is located at chromosome 4q13.2 and includes 17 genes amongst of which we suggest UBA6 (ubiquitin‐like modifier‐activating enzyme 6) as a strong candidate gene for these phenotypes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aggression in non‐human vertebrates: Genetic mechanisms and molecular pathways
Authors: Freudenberg Florian , Carreño Gutierrez Hector , Post Antonia M. , Reif Andreas , Norton William H. J.
Published: August 2015

Aggression is an adaptive behavioral trait that is important for the establishment of social hierarchies and competition for mating partners, food, and territories. While a certain level of aggression can be beneficial for the survival of an individual or species, abnormal aggression levels can be detrimental. Abnormal aggression is commonly found in human patients with psychiatric disorders. The predisposition to aggression is influenced by a combination of environmental and genetic factors and a large number of genes have been associated with aggression in both human and animal studies. In this review, we compare and contrast aggression studies in zebrafish and mouse. We present gene ontology and pathway analyses of genes linked to aggression and discuss the molecular pathways that underpin agonistic behavior in these species. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antipsychotic drugs attenuate aberrant DNA methylation of DTNBP1 (dysbindin) promoter in saliva and post‐mortem brain of patients with schizophrenia and Psychotic bipolar disorder
Authors: Abdolmaleky Hamid M. , Pajouhanfar Sara , Faghankhani Masoomeh , Joghataei Mohammad Taghi , Mostafavi Ashraf , Thiagalingam Sam
Published: August 2015

Due to the lack of genetic association between individual genes and schizophrenia (SCZ) pathogenesis, the current consensus is to consider both genetic and epigenetic alterations. Here, we report the examination of DNA methylation status of DTNBP1 promoter region, one of the most credible candidate genes affected in SCZ, assayed in saliva and post‐mortem brain samples. The Illumina DNA methylation profiling and bisulfite sequencing of representative samples were used to identify methylation status of the DTNBP1 promoter region. Quantitative methylation specific PCR (qMSP) was employed to assess methylation of DTNBP1 promoter CpGs flanking a SP1 binding site in the saliva of SCZ patients, their first‐degree relatives and control subjects (30, 15, and 30/group, respectively) as well as in post‐mortem brains of patients with SCZ and bipolar disorder (BD) versus controls (35/group). qRT‐PCR was used to assess DTNBP1 expression. We found DNA hypermethylation of DTNBP1 promoter in the saliva of SCZ patients (∼12.5%, P = 0.036), particularly in drug‐naïve patients (∼20%, P = 0.011), and a trend toward hypermethylation in their first‐degree relatives (P = 0.085) versus controls. Analysis of post‐mortem brain samples revealed an inverse correlation between DTNBP1 methylation and expression, and normalization of this epigenetic change by classic antipsychotic drugs. Additionally, BD patients with psychotic depression exhibited higher degree of methylation versus other BD patients (∼80%, P = 0.025). DTNBP1 promoter DNA methylation may become a key element in a panel of biomarkers for diagnosis, prevention, or therapy in SCZ and at risk individuals pending confirmatory studies with larger sample sizes to attain a higher degree of significance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative Detection of Photothermal and Photoelectrocatalytic Effects Induced by SPR from Au@Pt Nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Hao , He Lan‐Qi , Hu Yu‐Wen , Lu Xihong , Li Gao‐Ren , Liu Biju , Ren Bin , Tong Yexiang , Fang Ping‐Ping
Published: August 2015

The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) induced photothermal and photoelectrocatalysis effects are crucial for catalytic reactions in many areas. However, it is still difficult to distinguish these two effects quantitatively. Here we used surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to detect the photothermal and photoelectrocatalytic effects induced by SPR from Au core Pt shell Nanoparticles (Au@Pt NPs), and calculated the quantitative contribution of the ratio of the photothermal and photoelectrocatalysis effects towards the catalytic activity. The photothermal effect on the nanoparticle surface after illumination is detected by SERS. The photoelectrocatalytic effect generated from SPR is proved by SERS with a probe molecule of p‐aminothiophenol (PATP).
Detecting temporal patterns of user queries
Authors: Ren Pengjie , Chen Zhumin , Ma Jun , Zhang Zhiwei , Si Luo , Wang Shuaiqiang
Published: August 2015

Query classification is an important part of exploring the characteristics of web queries. Existing studies are mainly based on Broder's classification scheme and classify user queries into navigational, informational, and transactional categories according to users' information needs. In this article, we present a novel classification scheme from the perspective of queries' temporal patterns. Queries' temporal patterns are inherent time series patterns of the search volumes of queries that reflect the evolution of the popularity of a query over time. By analyzing the temporal patterns of queries, search engines can more deeply understand the users' search intents and thus improve performance. Furthermore, we extract three groups of features based on the queries' search volume time series and use a support vector machine (SVM) to automatically detect the temporal patterns of user queries. Extensive experiments on the Million Query Track data sets of the Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Synthesis, Single Crystal, and Physical Properties of Asymmetrical Thiophene/Selenophene‐Fused Twistacenes
Authors: Lv Bo , Shen Xingxing , Xiao Jinchong , Duan Jingdan , Wang Xuefei , Yi Yuanping
Published: August 2015

Two asymmetrical twistacenes, PyPT and PyPS, have been synthesized and characterized. Single crystal X‐ray analyses show that both of them have twisted structures with a torsion angle of 26.65° for PyPT and 26.59° for PyPS measured between plane C5‐C23‐C25 and plane C13‐C15‐C26. The thiophene/selenophene‐fused acenes emit blue fluorescence with quantum yields of 0.39 for PyPT and 0.04 for PyPS in organic solvents, whereas the all‐carbon molecule HBP emits green fluorescence. Meanwhile, PyPT and PyPS show a similar reversible oxide procedure with the onset potentials of 0.73 and 0.72 V, respectively. In addition, PyPT and PyPS can self‐assemble to form nanoparticles in a mixture of THF/H2O through re‐precipitation method.
Is Aerogen–π Interaction Capable of Initiating the Noncovalent Chemistry of Group 18?
Authors: Miao Junjian , Song Bo , Gao Yi
Published: August 2015

The interactions between atoms of noble gases and π systems are generally considered as van der Waals interaction, which have not attracted attention yet. Herein, we present high‐level ab initio calculations to show the unexpected noncovalent interaction between a covalently bonded noble gas atom and a delocalized aromatic π electron using XeO3⋅benzene as the prototype. The CCSD(T)/CBS reference data show its strength amounting to −10.2 kcal mol−1, comparable to a typical H‐bond or an anion–π interaction. The energy decomposition analysis reveals that the aerogen–π interaction is favored by the electrostatic interaction (27.7 %), the induction (13.4 %), and the dispersion (21.6 %). This interaction may prompt us to consider the noncovalent chemistry of aerogen derivatives in the near future.
Directed evolution of xylose specific transporters to facilitate glucose‐xylose co‐utilization
Authors: Wang Meng , Yu Chenzhao , Zhao Huimin
Published: August 2015

A highly active xylose specific transporter without glucose inhibition is highly desirable in cost‐effective production of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass. However, currently available xylose specific transporters suffer from low overall activity and most are inhibited by glucose. In this study, we applied a directed evolution strategy to engineer the xylose specific transporter AN25 from Neurospora crassa with improved xylose transportation capacity. After four rounds of directed evolution using two different strategies, we obtained an AN25 mutant AN25‐R4.18 with 43‐fold improvement in terms of xylose transportation capacity while maintaining its high xylose specificity. In addition, glucose inhibition was almost completely eliminated in the final evolved mutant. We demonstrated that improved xylose transportation of AN25 mutants in the exponential growth phase led to significant improvement of xylose consumption in high cell‐density fermentation. Finally, we showed that AN25 mutant AN25‐R4.18 can enable relatively efficient glucose‐xylose co‐utilization in high concentrations of mixed sugars. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 484–491. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serve your growing population of students with ASD
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: August 2015

NASHVILLE, TENN. — The number of college students diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder is growing nationwide. That means you and members of your campus safety unit need to understand this disability and be ready to work with students who have it, said Matt Brown. He spoke at the International Association of Campus Law Enforcement Administrators annual conference. Brown worked at Landmark College, which is exclusively for students with diagnosed learning disabilities, for six years. He recently became a police officer at Mount Holyoke College.
Ensure a VAWA‐compliant campus
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: August 2015

Updates to the Violence Against Women Act went into effect July 1. In a webinar hosted by Innovative Educators, Dr. Brian Van Brunt, senior vice president for professional development at the National Center for Higher Education Risk Management Group; and Dr. Amy Murphy, dean of students and managing director of the Center for Campus Life at Texas Tech University, shared the updates to VAWA that you need to know now.
Asthma and school functioning in children: Still more work to do
Authors: Mitchell Daphne Koinis
Published: August 2015

Approximately 9% of children in the United States have asthma, and in many urban cities and school districts, rates range from 25% to 50%, according to the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. When asthma is poorly controlled, symptoms can negatively affect school performance and cause disruptions for the entire classroom. Additionally, poorly managed asthma can increase emotional, social, and/or behavioral problems, which also can impact academic progress. The presence of daytime and nighttime asthma symptoms can result in disruptions in the continuity of sleep, poor attention in the classroom, failure to complete homework, and limitations to participation in social and physical activities. On average, children with asthma are absent from school two weeks across the academic year. For many children with poor asthma control, chronic absenteeism is often identified as a critical barrier to satisfactory school performance.
Hospital‐treated suicide attempts among Finnish fire setters: a follow‐up study
Authors: Thomson Annika , Tiihonen Jari , Miettunen Jouko , Virkkunen Matti , Lindberg Nina
Published: August 2015

Background

High rates of attempted and completed suicide have been reported among offenders, but there has been little attention in this respect to fire setters specifically.

Aim

Our aim was to investigate hospital‐treated suicide attempts among male fire setters.

Methods

For each of a consecutive series of 441 pre‐trial fire setters, four controls matched for age, gender and place of birth were randomly selected from the Central Population Register. Data on hospitalisation and causes of death over a 39‐year period were obtained from the Finnish national registers.

Results

The prevalence of suicide attempts was significantly higher among fire setters than among controls. Approximately every fifth fire setter had made at least one suicide attempt which had required hospital treatment. The most common method chosen was intentional self‐poisoning or exposure to noxious substances. More than 1 in 10 fire setters with at least one hospitalisation for suicide‐related behaviour eventually completed suicide.

Conclusions and implications for practice

More attention should be paid to detecting and managing suicidal behaviours among fire setters as they are a high‐risk group and accurate identification of their needs in this respect may not only be life‐saving but also reduce recidivism. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Copper(II)‐Specific Fluorogenic Task‐Specific Ionic Liquids as Selective Fluorescence Probes and Recyclable Extractants
Authors: Chatterjee Sobhan , Gohil Hardipsinh , Suresh E. , Paital Alok Ranjan
Published: August 2015

The designed synthesis of a series of copper(II) specific fluorogenic hydrophobic task‐specific ionic liquids (TSILs) from a new naphthalene‐based tetradentate ligand is reported. Absorption and fluorescence spectral studies reveal both the ligand and its derivative TSILs show exclusive selectivity towards copper(II) ions. The Stern–Volmer method for calculation of the detection limit for ligand and TSIL1–3 shows values of 0.12, 20, 17, and 15 μM, respectively. Extraction and striping studies by doping these TSILs in [bmim][NTf2] demonstrated that these TSILs are recyclable extractants for the selective recovery of CuII ions from a mixture of 14 relevant metal chloride aqueous solutions in biphasic liquid–liquid extraction with approximately 95 % recovery.
Utilization of (18‐Crown‐6)‐2,3,11,12‐tetracarboxylic Acid as a Chiral NMR Solvating Agent for Diamines and β‐Amino Acids
Authors: Rodriguez Yolanda C. , Duarte Tayla M. , Szakonyi Zsolt , Forró Enikő , Fülöp Ferenc , Wenzel Thomas J.
Published: August 2015

The compound (18‐crown‐6)‐2,3,11,12‐tetracarboxylic acid was evaluated as a chiral nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) solvating agent for a series of diamines and bicyclic β‐amino acids. The amine must be protonated for strong association with the crown ether. An advantage of (18‐crown‐6)‐2,3,11,12‐tetracarboxylic acid over many other crown ethers is that it undergoes a neutralization reaction with neutral amines to form the protonated species needed for binding. Twelve primary diamines in neutral and protonated forms were evaluated. Diamines with aryl and aliphatic groups were examined. Some are atropisomers with equivalent amine groups. Others have two nonequivalent amine groups. Association equilibria for these systems are complex, given the potential formation of 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2 crown‐amine complexes and given the various charged species in solution for mixtures of the crown ether with the neutral amine. The crown ether produced enantiomeric differentiation in the 1H NMR spectrum of one or more resonances for every diamine substrate. Also, a series of five bicyclic β‐amino acids were examined and (18‐crown‐6)‐2,3,11,12‐tetracarboxylic acid caused enantiomeric differentiation in the 1H NMR spectrum of three or more resonances of each compound. Chirality 27:708–715, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How do you write and present research well? 1 — admit that you did it
Authors: Patience Gregory S. , Boffito Daria C. , Patience Paul A.
Published: August 2015

Many researchers avoid expressing sentences with personal pronouns such as I, you, we. Rather, they resort to the passive tense and add clutter with words and expressions like It should be noted that or It is suggested that. The former expression appears more than 2 100 000 times in Google Scholar[1] and the latter over 710 000 times. In the 500 most‐cited articles and letters from Science in 2013 and the top 500 from Nature, how many times does we or our appear?[2,3]

more than 2000 (2004)

between 1000 and 2000

between 500 and 1000

between 250 and 500

less than 250
Ultrafiltration of oily waste water: Contribution of surface roughness in membrane properties and fouling characteristics of polyacrylonitrile membranes
Authors: Panda Swapna Rekha , Bhandaru Nandini , Mukherjee Rabibrata , De Sirshendu
Published: August 2015

The present study focuses on the contribution of surface roughness to properties of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes and its fouling during ultrafiltration (UF) of used engine oil. Nine membranes were cast using varying polymer concentration, molecular masses of hydrophilic additive polyethylene glycol (PEG), and concentration of PEG. Surface roughness decreased from 35 to 10 nm with polymer concentration in the range 0.01–0.15 g/g (1–15 wt %). Surface roughness increased from 8 to 42 nm as the molecular mass of PEG increased from 200 to 20 000 g/mol. Increasing concentration of PEG from 0.5 to 0.12 g/g (5 to 12 wt %) increased the surface roughness from 11 to 26 nm. Three membranes were identified as having permeate flux above 45 L/m2 · h and oil rejection beyond 90 %. The membrane hydrophilically modified by 0.08 g/g (8 wt %) PEG 400 showed the best antifouling performance. The flux decline ratio for this membrane was the lowest between 10–20 % and the flux recovery ratio was above 90 % for oil concentrations between 100–1000 mg/L at 276 kPa transmembrane pressure (TMP). Permeate concentration was between 2–12 mg/L (well within permissible levels) corresponding to oil concentrations from 100–1000 mg/L in the feed at the same TMP. Permeation of oil is lower (hence higher rejection) at higher feed concentrations, indicating the agglomeration of oil in the retentate.
Efficient CPU‐GPU cooperative computing for solving the subset‐sum problem
Authors: Wan Lanjun , Li Kenli , Liu Jing , Li Keqin
Published: August 2015

Heterogeneous CPU‐GPU system is a powerful way to accelerate compute‐intensive applications, such as the subset‐sum problem. Many parallel algorithms for solving the problem have been implemented on graphics processing units (GPUs). However, these GPU implementations may fail to fully utilize all the CPU cores and the GPU resources. When the GPU performs computational task, only one CPU core is used to control the GPUs, and all the remaining CPU cores are in idle state, which leads to large amounts of available CPU resources being wasted. This paper proposes an efficient CPU‐GPU cooperative computing scheme for solving the subset‐sum problem, which enables the full utilization of all the computing power of both CPUs and GPUs. In order to find the most appropriate task distribution ratio between CPUs and GPUs, this paper establishes a simple but effective task distribution model. Considering the high CPU‐GPU communication overhead and the unbalanced workload between CPUs and GPUs may greatly reduce the performance, an incremental data transfer method is proposed to reduce the CPU‐GPU communication overhead, and a feedback‐based dynamic task distribution scheme is designed to effectively balance the workload between CPUs and GPUs during runtime. The experimental results show that the CPU‐GPU cooperative computing achieves a significant performance benefit over the CPU‐only or GPU‐only computing. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uniform Reduction of Scalar Coupling by Real‐Time Homonuclear J‐Downscaled NMR
Authors: Glanzer Simon , Zangger Klaus
Published: August 2015

Scalar coupling in proton NMR spectra provides important information for the structural analysis. However, the low resolution due to the resulting signal splitting, together with the rather narrow spectral range of hydrogen, often prevents the extraction of J‐coupling information. Here we present a method to achieve real‐time homonuclear J‐downscaling. Thereby, all J‐values are uniformly reduced by an arbitrary scaling factor. In the resulting one‐dimensional spectra, signal overlap is reduced, while scalar coupling information is still available.
Static wireless sensor networks deployment using an improved binary PSO
Authors: Senouci Mustapha R. , Bouguettouche Daoud , Souilah Farouk , Mellouk Abdelhamid
Published: August 2015

A major issue in designing wireless sensor networks is the deployment problem. Indeed, many performances of the sensor network, such as coverage, are determined by the number and locations of deployed sensors. This paper reviews existing deterministic deployment strategies and devises a modified binary particle swarm optimization, which adopts a new position updating procedure for a faster convergence and exploits the abandonment concept to avoid some drawbacks such as premature convergence. The devised approach combines, in a meaningful way, the characteristics of the binary particle swarm optimization with the wireless sensor networks deployment requirements in order to devise a lightweight and efficient sensor placement algorithm. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach are evaluated through extensive simulations. The obtained results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art approaches, especially in the case of preferential coverage. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MicroRNA‐Based Therapeutic Strategies for Targeting Mutant and Wild Type RAS in Cancer
Authors: Sharma Sriganesh B. , Ruppert John Michael
Published: August 2015

Preclinical Research

MicroRNAs (miRs) have been causally implicated in the progression and development of a wide variety of cancers. miRs modulate the activity of key cell signaling networks by regulating the translation of pathway component proteins. Thus, the pharmacological targeting of miRs that regulate cancer cell signaling networks, either by promoting (using miR‐supplementation) or by suppressing (using antisense oligonucleotide‐based strategies) miR activity is an area of intense research. The RAS‐extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathway represents a major miR‐regulated signaling network that endows cells with some of the classical hallmarks of cancer, and is often inappropriately activated in malignancies by somatic genetic alteration through point mutation or alteration of gene copy number. In addition, recent progress indicates that many tumors may be deficient in GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) due to the collaborative action of oncogenic miRs. Recent studies also suggest that in tumors harboring a mutant RAS allele there is a critical role for wild type RAS proteins in determining overall RAS‐ERK pathway activity. Together, these two advances comprise a new opportunity for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we evaluate miR‐based therapeutic strategies for modulating RAS‐ERK signaling in cancers; in particular for more direct modulation of RAS‐GTP levels, with the potential to complement current strategies to yield more durable treatment responses. To this end, we discuss the potential for miR‐based therapies focused on three prominent miRs including the pan‐RAS regulator let‐7 and the GAP regulator comprised of miR‐206 and miR‐21 (miR‐206/21). Drug Dev Res 76 : 328–342, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reducing eating disorder risk factors: A pilot effectiveness trial of a train‐the‐trainer approach to dissemination and implementation
Authors: Greif Rebecca , Becker Carolyn Black , Hildebrandt Tom
Published: August 2015

Objective

Impediments limit dissemination and implementation of evidence‐based interventions (EBIs), including lack of sufficient training. One strategy to increase implementation of EBIs is the train‐the‐trainer (TTT) model. The Body Project is a peer‐led body image program that reduces eating disorder (ED) risk factors. This study examined the effectiveness of a TTT model at reducing risk factors in Body Project participants. Specifically, this study examined whether a master trainer could train a novice trainer to train undergraduate peer leaders to administer the Body Project such that individuals who received the Body Project (i.e., participants) would evidence comparable outcomes to previous trials. We hypothesized that participants would evidence reductions in ED risk factors, with effect sizes similar to previous trials.

Method

Utilizing a TTT model, a master trainer trained a novice trainer to train undergraduate peer leaders to administer the Body Project to undergraduate women. Undergraduate women aged 18 years or older who received the Body Project intervention participated in the trial and completed measures at baseline, post‐treatment, and five‐month follow‐up. Primary outcomes included body dissatisfaction, thin ideal internalization, negative affect, and ED pathology.

Results

Participants demonstrated significant reductions in thin ideal internalization, ED pathology and body dissatisfaction at post‐treatment and 5‐month follow‐up. At 5 months, using three different strategies for managing missing data, effect sizes were larger or comparable to earlier trials for 3 out of 4 variables.

Discussion

Results support a TTT model for Body Project implementation and the importance of utilizing sensitivity analyses for longitudinal datasets with missing data. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:1122–1131)
Persistence at distributional edges: Columbia spotted frog habitat in the arid Great Basin, USA
Authors: Arkle Robert S. , Pilliod David S.
Published: August 2015

A common challenge in the conservation of broadly distributed, yet imperiled species is understanding which factors facilitate persistence at distributional edges, locations where populations are often vulnerable to extirpation due to changes in climate, land use, or distributions of other species. For Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) in the Great Basin (USA), a genetically distinct population segment of conservation concern, we approached this problem by examining (1) landscape‐scale habitat availability and distribution, (2) water body‐scale habitat associations, and (3) resource management‐identified threats to persistence. We found that areas with perennial aquatic habitat and suitable climate are extremely limited in the southern portion of the species’ range. Within these suitable areas, native and non‐native predators (trout and American bullfrogs [Lithobates catesbeianus]) are widespread and may further limit habitat availability in upper‐ and lower‐elevation areas, respectively. At the water body scale, spotted frog occupancy was associated with deeper sites containing abundant emergent vegetation and nontrout fish species. Streams with American beaver (Castor canadensis) frequently had these structural characteristics and were significantly more likely to be occupied than ponds, lakes, streams without beaver, or streams with inactive beaver ponds, highlighting the importance of active manipulation of stream environments by beaver. Native and non‐native trout reduced the likelihood of spotted frog occupancy, especially where emergent vegetation cover was sparse. Intensive livestock grazing, low aquatic connectivity, and ephemeral hydroperiods were also negatively associated with spotted frog occupancy. We conclude that persistence of this species at the arid end of its range has been largely facilitated by habitat stability (i.e., permanent hydroperiod), connectivity, predator‐free refugia, and a commensalistic interaction with an ecosystem engineer. Beaver‐induced changes to habitat quality, stability, and connectivity may increase spotted frog population resistance and resilience to seasonal drought, grazing, non‐native predators, and climate change, factors which threaten local or regional persistence.
Analysis of Turbine Generator Shaft Torsional Vibration Caused by Self‐Commutated Converters
Authors: Watanabe Masayuki , Iki Hiroyuki , Sakamoto Kazuma , Mitani Yasunori , Uriu Yoshihisa , Kado Yoshihide
Published: August 2015

This paper presents a simple analysis tool for torsional vibration of the rotor shaft of a turbine generator which is interconnected with a power system with self‐commutated converters. The evaluation is based on analysis of measurement data in the field and instantaneous value‐based power system simulation. A number of power converters with large capacity are installed in industrial power systems. Especially, interharmonics originating from self‐commutated converters cause torsional vibration at the rotor shaft of rotating machines. The interaction between rotating machines and converters is known as sub‐synchronous torsional interaction. The resonance between interharmonics from converters and the natural frequency of the rotor shaft causes large torsional vibrations, leading to shaft damage. In this paper, the influence of interharmonics on turbine generators is investigated. If there were air gap torque fluctuations with a frequency near the natural frequency caused by interharmonics, which have frequencies below 100 Hz of the sideband wave caused by asynchronous pulse width modulation, the rotor shaft may be damaged by the torsional vibration. In this paper, the emerging condition of the torsional vibration and the impact on the generator are investigated.
Fundamental Study of Voltage Stability in a Power System with Large Penetration of Photovoltaic Generation Considering Induction Motor Dynamics
Authors: Ishikawa Koichiro , Taniguchi Haruhito , Suzuki Hirokazu , Ota Yutaka , Mizuno Yojiro
Published: August 2015

Because of global warming, attention to photovoltaic (PV) generation has increased, and considerable PV generation capacity will be installed in the power system. In Japan, most PV generation will be connected to the distribution system, which will cause changes in power flow in the power system. Forward power flow (flow from the higher voltage system to the lower voltage system) will be reduced and reverse power flow may occur. Because of the change in power flow, the voltage characteristics will also be changed. Consequently, it is expected that the penetration of PV generation will have some impact on voltage stability. In previous studies, the voltage characteristics in a simple power system model consisting of one infinite bus, one load, and one PV power source, have been investigated. It was found that there is not only a forward power flow limit but also a reverse power flow limit (the left nose in the PV curve), and that when the output power from PV generation is very large, the left nose sometimes has some impact on voltage stability. In this paper, the voltage stability in a simple power system model considering the dynamics of an induction motor is discussed.
Network Expansion Planning Using Improved Controlled NSGA‐II
Authors: Okabe Masanori , Shahrin Mohd , Aoki Hidenori
Published: August 2015

This paper presents the application of multiobjective optimization methods to network expansion planning. Distribution network expansion planning minimizes system cost and distribution loss while satisfying the constraints. Problem formulation yields combinatorial optimization problems that are difficult to solve due to their complexity. This research applies a genetic algorithm, which is a meta‐heuristics method. The present study proposes a new method of multiobjective optimization: NSGA‐II, SPEA2, and Controlled NSGA‐II are assumed to be the best methods now. The proposed method introduces the concept of a linkage identification genetic algorithm, enabling more efficient searching than methods hitherto known. In the past, most research on network expansion planning did not include the load curve. This research demonstrates that the investigation must include the load curve. It also proposes a new method of search including the load curve.
The influence of social, para‐social, and nonsocial misleading post‐event sources on memory performance
Authors: Szpitalak Malwina , Polak Mateusz , Polczyk Romuald , Dukała Karolina
Published: August 2015

Misinformation encountered after witnessing an event is known to influence subsequent memory reports about this event. In most research, misleading information was introduced impersonally, for example, by means of a written description, but it is now well established that delivering it in a social interaction is effective as well. Less is known about the relative effectiveness of impersonal post‐event misinformation compared with a socially presented one. The present research provides a direct empirical comparison between social, para‐social, and impersonal methods of delivering misinformation.

Results indicate that the way in which post‐event information is provided does not affect the number of false recall items, source monitoring, or remember–know distinction, with a high Bayesian probability of the obtained no‐difference effects. Results show that the social conformity factor does not significantly influence the impact of misleading post‐event information. The paper also provides a theoretical comparison of the two effects.
Experimental Investigation of Tar Reduction Properties by Coupling Oxidative Pyrolysis and Partial Oxidation in a Continuous Reactor for Biomass Gasification
Authors: Zhao Shanhui , Luo Yonghao , Zhang Yunliang , Long Yufeng
Published: August 2015

To develop a deep understanding of multistage biomass gasification technology, the effect of oxygen concentration in the pyrolysis stage on the overall performance of the gasification process was investigated. The results showed that oxygen in the pyrolysis stage promoted the yields of permanent gases and reduced the yield of tar. The GC–MS analysis of pyrolyzed tar compounds indicated that oxidative pyrolysis promoted the conversion of the reactive primary tar compounds to more stable secondary tar compounds. The FTIR analysis of pinewood char showed that oxidative pyrolysis reduced the content of oxygen‐containing functional groups and improved the aromatization of char. The partial oxidation results showed that the CO and CO2 yields both increased with the increase of oxygen concentration in the first stage. The tar yield after the partial oxidation stage was reduced from 0.0809 (0 % O2 in the first stage) to 0.0064 kg kgpinewood−1 (15 % O2 in the first stage).