bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A vagal influence on schizophrenia? A nationwide retrospective cohort of vagotomized individuals
Authors: Richter Cornelia F , Skibicka Karolina P , Meyer Urs , Rohrmann Sabine , Krieger Jean-Philippe
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives

Emerging preclinical evidence suggests that vagal signals contribute to the development of schizophrenia-related abnormalities in brain and behavior. Whether vagal communication in general, and its impairment in particular, is a risk factor for schizophrenia in humans remains, however, unclear. Vagotomy, the surgical lesion of the vagus nerve, was routinely performed as a treatment for peptic ulcer before modern treatment options were available. Hence, the primary aim of this study was to investigate whether vagotomy modulates the subsequent risk of developing schizophrenia. Moreover, given the existence of diverse vagotomy techniques (i.e., “truncal” or “selective”), our secondary goal was to test whether the extent of denervation modulates the risk of schizophrenia.

Methods

Using a nationwide retrospective matched cohort design, we identified 8,315 vagotomized individuals from the Swedish National Patient Register during the period 1970-2020 and 40,855 non-vagotomized individuals matching for age, sex and type of peptic ulcer. The risk of being diagnosed with schizophrenia and associated psychoses (ICD10 codes F20-29) was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models, including death as competing risk.

Results

When considering all types of vagotomy together, vagotomy was not significantly associated with schizophrenia (HR: 0.91 [0.72; 1.16]). However, truncal vagotomy (which denervates all subdiaphragmatic organs) significantly increased the risk of developing schizophrenia by 69% (HR: 1.69 [1.08; 2.64]), whereas selective vagotomy (which only denervates the stomach) showed no significant association (HR: 0.80 [0.61; 1.04]).

Discussion

Our results provide epidemiological support for the hypothesis that impairments in vagal functions could increase the risk of schizophrenia. Notably, the finding that truncal but not selective vagotomy is associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia raises the possibility that the activity of subdiaphragmatic non-gastric vagal branches may be of particular relevance for the development of schizophrenia.
Derivation, External Validation and Clinical Implications of a deep learning approach for intracranial pressure estimation using non-cranial waveform measurements
Authors: Gulamali Faris , Jayaraman Pushkala , Sawant Ashwin S. , Desman Jacob , Fox Benjamin , Chang Annie , Soong Brian Y. , Arivazaghan Naveen , Reynolds Alexandra S. , Duong Son Q , Vaid Akhil , Kovatch Patricia , Freeman Robert , Hofer Ira S. , Sakhuja Ankit , Dangayach Neha S. , Reich David S. , Charney Alexander W , Nadkarni Girish N.
Published: January 2024

Importance

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is associated with adverse neurological outcomes, but needs invasive monitoring.

Objective

Development and validation of an AI approach for detecting increased ICP (aICP) using only non-invasive extracranial physiological waveform data.

Design

Retrospective diagnostic study of AI-assisted detection of increased ICP. We developed an AI model using exclusively extracranial waveforms, externally validated it and assessed associations with clinical outcomes.

Setting

MIMIC-III Waveform Database (2000-2013), a database derived from patients admitted to an ICU in an academic Boston hospital, was used for development of the aICP model, and to report association with neurologic outcomes. Data from Mount Sinai Hospital (2020-2022) in New York City was used for external validation.

Participants

Patients were included if they were older than 18 years, and were monitored with electrocardiograms, arterial blood pressure, respiratory impedance plethysmography and pulse oximetry. Patients who additionally had intracranial pressure monitoring were used for development (N=157) and external validation (N=56). Patients without intracranial monitors were used for association with outcomes (N=1694).

Exposures

Extracranial waveforms including electrocardiogram, arterial blood pressure, plethysmography and SpO2.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Intracranial pressure > 15 mmHg. Measures were Area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy at threshold of 0.5. We calculated odds ratios and p-values for phenotype association.

Results

The AUROC was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.90-0.91) on testing and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.80-0.80) on external validation. aICP had accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 73.8% (95% CI, 72.0%-75.6%), 99.5% (95% CI 99.3%-99.6%), and 76.9% (95% CI, 74.0-79.8%) on external validation. A ten-percentile increment was associated with stroke (OR=2.12; 95% CI, 1.27-3.13), brain malignancy (OR=1.68; 95% CI, 1.09-2.60), subdural hemorrhage (OR=1.66; 95% CI, 1.07-2.57), intracerebral hemorrhage (OR=1.18; 95% CI, 1.07-1.32), and procedures like percutaneous brain biopsy (OR=1.58; 95% CI, 1.15-2.18) and craniotomy (OR = 1.43; 95% CI, 1.12-1.84;P< 0.05 for all).

Conclusions and Relevance

aICP provides accurate, non-invasive estimation of increased ICP, and is associated with neurological outcomes and neurosurgical procedures in patients without intracranial monitoring.
Identification and characterization of a potentially novel dorsal cutaneous muscle in rodents
Authors: Petruska Jeffrey C.
Published: January 2024

In the course of performing a detailed dissection of adult rat to map the cutaneous nerves of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar levels a small and unexpected structure was isolated. It appeared to be a cutaneous striated muscle and was observed in both male and female rats and in mice but absent from cats and humans. With the skin reflected laterally from midline, the muscle lies closely apposed to the lateral border of the Thoracic Trapezius (Spinotrapezius) muscle and is easily missed in standard gross dissections. Focussed prosections were performed to identify the origin, insertion, and course of gross innervation. Identification of each of these elements showed them to be distinct from the nearby Trapezius and Cutaneous Trunci (Cutaneous Maximus in mouse) muscles. The striated muscle nature of the structure was validated with whole-mount microscopy.Consulting a range of published rodent anatomical atlases and gross anatomical experts revealed no prior descriptions. This preliminary report is an opportunity for the anatomical and research communities to provide input to either confirm the novelty of this muscle or refer to prior published descriptions in rodents or other species while the muscle, its innervation, and function are further characterized. Presuming this muscle is indeed novel, the name “Cutaneous Scapularis muscle” is proposed in accord with general principles of the anatomical field.
Event-Related Potential markers of Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment during a sustained visuo-attentive task
Authors: Vergani A. A. , Mazzeo S. , Moschini V. , Burali R. , Lassi M. , Amato L. G. , Carpaneto J. , Salve-strini G. , Fabbiani C. , Giacomucci G. , Morinelli C. , Emiliani F. , Scarpino M. , Bagnoli S. , Ingannato A. , Nacmias B. , Padiglioni S. , Sorbi S. , Bessi V. , Grippo A. , Mazzoni A.
Published: January 2024

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or severe Alzheimer’s disease stages are still lacking clear electrophysiological correlates. In 178 individuals (119 SCD, 40 MCI, and 19 healthy subjects (HS)), we analysed event-related potentials recorded during a sustained visual attention task, aiming to distinguish biomarkers associated with clinical conditions and task performance. We observed condition-specific anomalies in event-related potentials (ERPs) during visual encoding (P1/N1/P2) and decision-making (P300/P600/P900): SCD individuals showed attenuated dynamics compared to HS, while MCI individuals showed amplified dynamics, except for P300, which matched clinical severity. ERP features confirmed a non-monotonic trend, with MCI showing higher neural resource recruitment. Moreover, task performance correlated with condition-specific ERP gain and latencies across early and late ERP components. These findings enhanced the understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive decline in SCD and MCI and suggested potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and intervention.

Highlights

In encoding (P1/N1/P2) and decision (P600/P900) ERPs, SCD individuals showed attenuated dynamics compared to HS, while MCI individuals exhibited amplified dynamics compared to SCD.

P300 dynamics matched clinical severity.

MCI individuals demonstrated higher recruitment of neural resources, indicating a non-monotonic trend in ERP features between clinical conditions.

Task performance correlated with condition-specific gain and latencies across multiple ERP components.
GMMA can stabilize proteins across different functional constraints
Authors: Daffern Nicolas , Johansson Kristoffer E. , Baumer Zachary T. , Robertson Nicholas R. , Woojuh Janty , Bedewitz Matthew A. , Davis Zoë , Wheeldon Ian , Cutler Sean R. , Lindorff-Larsen Kresten , Whitehead Timothy A.
Published: January 2024

Stabilizing proteins without otherwise hampering their function is a central task in protein engineering and design. PYR1 is a plant hormone receptor that has been engineered to bind diverse small molecule ligands. We sought a set of generalized mutations that would provide stability without affecting functionality for PYR1 variants with diverse ligand-binding capabilities. To do this we used a global multi-mutant analysis (GMMA) approach, which can identify substitutions that have stabilizing effects and do not lower function. GMMA has the added benefit of finding substitutions that are stabilizing in different sequence contexts and we hypothesized that applying GMMA to PYR1 with different functionalities would identify this set of generalized mutations. Indeed, conducting FACS and deep sequencing of libraries for PYR1 variants with two different functionalities and applying a GMMA analysis identified 5 substitutions that, when inserted into four PYR1 variants that each bind a unique ligand, provided 2-6°C in increased thermal stability and no decrease in functionality.
Evaluation of behavioral and neurochemical changes induced by carbofuran in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Oliveira Giovana R , Gallas-Lopes Matheus , Chitolina Rafael , Bastos Leonardo M , Portela Stefani M , Stahlhofer-Buss Thailana , Gusso Darlan , Gomez Rosane , Wyse Angela TS , Herrmann Ana P , Piato Angelo
Published: January 2024

Carbofuran (CF) is a carbamate class pesticide, widely used in agriculture for pest control in crops. On the other hand, CF is also detected as a contaminant in food and water sources. This pesticide has high toxicity in non-target organisms, and its presence in the environment poses a threat to the ecosystem. Research has revealed that this pesticide acts as an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), inducing an accumulation of acetylcholine in the brain. Consequently, this leads to the emergence of a cholinergic syndrome and various detrimental effects on human health. Nonetheless, our understanding of CF impact on the central nervous system remains elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of CF on behavioral and neurochemical parameters in adult zebrafish. The animals were exposed for 96 hours to different concentrations of CF (5, 50, and 500 µg/L) and subjected to behavioral assessments in the novel tank test (NTT) and social preference test (SPT). Subsequently, they were euthanized, and their brains were used to evaluate neurochemical markers associated with oxidative stress and AChE levels. In the NTT and SPT, CF did not alter the evaluated behavioral parameters. Furthermore, CF did not affect the levels of AChE, non-protein sulfhydryl groups, and thiobarbituric acid reactive species in the zebrafish brain. However, further research is needed regarding the environmental exposure of this compound to non-target organisms.
Reduction of chemokine CXCL9 expression by omega-3 fatty acids via ADP-ribosylhydrolase ARH3 in MIN6 insulin-producing cells
Authors: You Youngki , Sarkar Soumyadeep , Deiter Cailin , Elliott Emily C. , Nicora Carrie D. , Mirmira Raghavendra G. , Sussel Lori , Nakayasu Ernesto S.
Published: January 2024

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the autoimmune destruction of the insulin producing β cells of the pancreas. Omega-3 fatty acids protect β cells and reduce the incident of T1D. However, how omega-3 fatty acids act on β cells is not well understood. We have shown that omega-3 fatty acids reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated β-cell apoptosis by upregulating the expression of the ADP-ribosylhydrolase ARH3. Here, we further investigate the β-cell protection mechanism by ARH3 by performing siRNA of its geneAdprhl2in MIN6 insulin-producing cells followed by treatment with a cocktail of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β + IFN-γ + TNF-α, and proteomics analysis. ARH3 regulated proteins from several pathways related to the nucleus (splicing, RNA surveillance and nucleocytoplasmic transport), mitochondria (metabolic pathways) and endoplasmic reticulum (protein folding). ARH3 also regulated the levels of cytokine-signaling proteins related to the antigen processing and presentation, and chemokine-signaling pathway. We further studied the role of ARH in regulating the chemokine CXCL9. We confirmed that ARH3 reduces the cytokine-induced expression of CXCL9 by ELISA. We also found that CXCL9 expression is regulated by omega-3 fatty acids. In conclusion, we showed that omega-3 fatty acids regulate CXCL9 expression via ARH3, which might have a role in protecting β cells from immune attack and preventing T1D development.
Metabolic resistance of Aβ3pE-42, target epitope of the anti-Alzheimer therapeutic antibody, donanemab
Authors: Iwata Nobuhisa , Tsubuki Satoshi , Takamura Risa , Watamura Naoto , Kakiya Naomasa , Fujioka Ryo , Mihira Naomi , Sekiguchi Misaki , Watanabe-Iwata Kaori , Kamano Naoko , Matsuba Yukio , Mann David M.A. , Robinson Andrew C. , Hashimoto Shoko , Sasaguri Hiroki , Saito Takashi , Higuchi Makoto , Saido Takaomi C.
Published: January 2024

The amyloid β peptide (Aβ) starting with pyroglutamate (pE) at position 3 and ending at position 42 (Aβ3pE-42) is a dominant species that accumulates in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain. Consistently, a therapeutic antibody raised against this species, donanemab, has been shown to be effective in recent clinical trials. While the primary Aβ species produced physiologically is Aβ1-40/42, an explanation for how and why this physiological Aβ is converted to the pathological form has remained elusive. The conversion of Aβ1-42 to Aβ3pE-42 is likely to take place after deposition of Aβ1-42 given that Aβ3pE-42 plaques arise significantly later than Aβ1-42 deposition in the brains of singleAppknock-in and APP-transgenic mice. Here, we present experimental evidence that accounts for the aging-associated Aβ3pE-42 deposition: [1] Aβ3pE-42 is metabolically more stable than other AβX-42 species; [2] Deficiency of neprilysin (NEP), the major Aβ-degrading enzyme, induces a relatively selective deposition of Aβ3pE-42 in APP-Tg mice. [3] Aβ3pE-42 deposition always colocalizes with cored plaques in both APP-Tg and App knock-in mouse brains; [4] Aβ3E-42, an immediate precursor of Aβ3pE-42, as well as Aβ2A-42 and Aβ4F-42 are more short-lived than Aβ1-42in vivo, indicating that simple N-terminal truncation that can arise enzymatically or spontaneously makes AβX-42 easier to catabolize. Consistently, newly generated knock-in mice,AppNL-(ΔDA)-FandAppNL-(ΔDA)-Q-F, showed no detectable Aβ pathology even after aging, indicating that the Aβ3E-42 and Aβ3Q-42 species are extremely labile to thein vivocatabolic system and that the E/Q cyclase activity present in mouse brain is insufficient for Aβ3pE-42 generation. In addition, a deficiency of NEP facilitated Aβ3pE-42 deposition. Of note, we identified a trace amount of Aβ3pE-42 and its immediate precursor, Aβ3E-42, in the insoluble fraction of NEP-deficient APP-Tg mouse brains. Aβ3pE-42 is thus likely to be a probabilistic by-product of Aβ1-42 metabolism that selectively accumulates over a long-time range of brain aging. It is likely produced in the solid state or at the solid-liquid interface. Our findings suggest that anti-Aβ therapies will probably be most effective if given before Aβ3pE-42 deposition takes place.
Charting the Spatial Transcriptome of the Human Cerebral Cortex at Single-Cell Resolution
Authors: Wei Songren , Luo Meng , Wang Pingping , Chen Rui , Jin Xiyun , Xu Chang , Lin Xiaoyu , Xu Zhaochun , Liu Hongxin , Huang Peng , Xu Jiangping , Jiang Qinghua
Published: January 2024

In our pursuit of creating a comprehensive human cortical atlas to understand human intelligence, we examined the single-nuclei transcriptomes of 307,738 cells alongside spatial transcriptomics data from 46,948 VISIUM spots and 1,355,582 Stereo cells. Atlases reveal distinct expression patterns and spatial arrangements of cortical neural cell types. Glutamatergic neurons exhibit precise laminar patterns, often mirroring expression patterns in adjacent cortical regions. Overlaying our atlas with functional networks delineated substantial correlations between neural cell types and cortical region function. Notably, regions involved in processing sensory information (pain) display a pronounced accumulation of extratelencephalic neurons. Additionally, our atlas enabled precise localization of the thicker layer 4 of the visual cortex and an in-depth study of the stabilize the subplate structure, known as layer 6b, revealed specific marker genes and cellular compositions. Collectively, our research sheds light on the cellular foundations of the intricate and intelligent regions within the human cortex.
Isoform-level profiling of m6A epitranscriptomic signatures in human brain
Authors: Gleeson Josie , Madugalle Sachithrani U. , McLean Catriona , Bredy Timothy W. , De Paoli-Iseppi Ricardo , Clark Michael B.
Published: January 2024

The RNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is highly abundant in the human brain and implicated in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. However, most techniques for studying m6A cannot resolve modifications within RNA isoforms and we lack an isoform-level map of m6A sites in the brain. Profiling m6A within isoforms is therefore a critical step towards understanding the complex mechanisms that underpin brain function and disease. Oxford Nanopore direct RNA sequencing (DRS) can quantify isoform expression, modifications and polyA tail lengths, enabling simultaneous investigation of the transcriptome and epitranscriptome. We applied DRS to three post-mortem human brain regions: prefrontal cortex, caudate nucleus and cerebellum. We identified 57,000 m6A sites within 15,000 isoforms and estimated that >27% of mRNA molecules contained an m6A modification. Our results revealed both isoform- and brain-region-specific patterning of m6A modifications and polyA tail lengths. The prefrontal cortex exhibited a distinctive profile of specifically modified isoforms enriched in excitatory neuron cell types and also had the highest proportion of previously unannotated m6A sites. A population of isoforms were hypermodified with m6A and were associated with excitatory neuron cell types in all three brain regions. We also discovered >15k differentially expressed isoforms, >2k differentially modified m6A sites and 566 isoforms with differential polyA lengths between brain regions. Our study demonstrates the utility of DRS for investigating multiple features of RNA isoforms in the brain and provides new insights into brain region specificity and functioning with implications for neurological development and disease.
PI(4,5)P2role in Transverse-tubule membrane formation and muscle function
Authors: Fujita Naonobu , Girada Shravan , Vogler Georg , Bodmer Rolf , Kiger Amy A.
Published: January 2024

Transverse (T)-tubules – vast, tubulated domains of the muscle plasma membrane – are critical to maintain healthy skeletal and heart contractions. How the intricate T-tubule membranes are formed is not well understood, with challenges to systematically interrogate in muscle. We established the use of intact Drosophila larval body wall muscles as an ideal system to discover mechanisms that sculpt and maintain the T-tubule membrane network. A muscle-targeted genetic screen identified specific phosphoinositide lipid regulators necessary for T-tubule organization and muscle function. We show that aPI4KIIIα-Skittles/PIP5Kpathway is needed for T-tubule localized PI(4)P to PI(4,5)P2synthesis, T-tubule organization, calcium regulation, and muscle and heart rate functions. Muscles deficient forPI4KIIIαorAmphiphysin, the homolog of humanBIN1, similarly exhibited specific loss of transversal T-tubule membranes and dyad junctions, yet retained longitudinal membranes and the associated dyads. Our results highlight the power of live muscle studies, uncovering distinct mechanisms and functions for sub-compartments of the T-tubule network relevant to human myopathy.

T-tubules – vast, tubulated domains of the muscle plasma membrane – are critical to maintain skeletal and heart contractions. Fujitaet al. establish genetic screens and assays in intact Drosophila muscles that uncover PI(4,5)P2regulation critical for T-tubule maintenance and function.

Key Findings

PI4KIIIαis required for muscle T-tubule formation and larval mobility.

API4KIIIα-Sktlpathway promotes PI(4)P and PI(4,5)P2function at T-tubules.

PI4KIIIαis necessary for calcium dynamics and transversal but not longitudinal dyads.

Disruption of PI(4,5)P2function in fly heart leads to fragmented T-tubules and abnormal heart rate.
Faster diffusion model with improved quality for particle cloud generation
Authors: Leigh Matthew , Sengupta Debajyoti , Raine John Andrew , Quétant Guillaume , Golling Tobias
Published: January 2024

Building on the success of PC-JeDi we introduce PC-Droid, a substantially improved diffusion model for the generation of jet particle clouds. By leveraging a new diffusion formulation, studying more recent integration solvers, and training on all jet types simultaneously, we are able to achieve state-of-the-art performance for all types of jets across all evaluation metrics. We study the trade-off between generation speed and quality by comparing two attention based architectures, as well as the potential of consistency distillation to reduce the number of diffusion steps. Both the faster architecture and consistency models demonstrate performance surpassing many competing models, with generation time up to two orders of magnitude faster than PC-JeDi and three orders of magnitude faster than .

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Forward neutrinos from charm at the Large Hadron Collider
Authors: Bhattacharya Atri , Kling Felix , Sarcevic Ina , Stasto Anna M.
Published: January 2024

The currently operating FASER experiment and the planned Forward Physics Facility (FPF) will detect a large number of neutrinos produced in proton-proton collisions at the LHC. In this work, we estimate neutrino fluxes at these detectors from charm meson decays, which will be particularly important for the νe and ντ channels. We make prediction using both the next-to-leading order collinear factorization and the kT-factorization approaches to model the production of charm quarks as well as different schemes to model their hadronization into charm hadrons. In particular, we emphasize that a sophisticated modeling of hadronization involving beam remnants is needed for predictions at FASER and FPF due to the sensitivity to the charm hadron production at low transverse momenta and very forward rapidity. As example, we use the string fragmentation approach implemented in 8. While both standard fragmentation functions and 8 are able to describe LHCb data, we find that 8 predicts significantly higher rate of high energy neutrinos, highlighting the importance of using the correct hadronization model when making predictions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Probing an ultralight QCD axion with electromagnetic quadratic interaction
Authors: Kim Hyungjin , Lenoci Alessandro , Perez Gilad , Ratzinger Wolfram
Published: January 2024

The axion-gluon coupling is the defining feature of the QCD axion. This feature induces additional and qualitatively different interactions of the axion with standard model particles—quadratic couplings. Previously, hadronic quadratic couplings have been studied and experimental implications have been explored especially in the context of atomic spectroscopy and interferometry. We investigate additional quadratic couplings to the electromagnetic field and electron mass. These electromagnetic quadratic couplings are generated at the loop level from threshold corrections and are expected to be present in the absence of fine-tuning. While they are generally loop-suppressed compared to the hadronic ones, they open up new ways to search for the QCD axion, for instance via optical atomic clocks. Moreover, due to the velocity spread of the dark matter field, the quadratic nature of the coupling leads to low-frequency stochastic fluctuations. These distinctive low-frequency fluctuations offer a new way to search for heavier axions. We provide an analytic expression for the power spectral density of this low-frequency background and briefly discuss experimental strategies for a low-frequency stochastic background search.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Semivisible dark photon in a model with vectorlike leptons for the
(g−2)e, μ
and
W
-boson mass anomalies
Authors: Abdallah Waleed , Ashry Mustafa , Kawamura Junichiro , Moursy Ahmad
Published: January 2024

We propose a model that realizes a semivisible dark photon which can contribute to the anomalous magnetic moment (g−2) of both electron and muon. In this model, the electron g−2 is deviated from the Standard Model (SM) prediction by the 1-loop diagrams involving the vectorlike leptons, while that of muon is deviated due to a nonvanishing gauge kinetic mixing with photons. We also argue that the W-boson mass can be deviated from the SM prediction due to the vectorlike lepton loops, so that the value obtained by the CDF II experiment can be explained. Thus, this model simultaneously explains the recent three anomalies in g−2 of electron and muon as well as the W-boson mass. The constraints on the O(1)  GeV dark photon can be avoided because of the semivisible decay of the dark photon,

A

′

→

2

N

→

2

ν

2

χ

→

2

ν

4

e

, where N is a SM singlet vectorlike neutrino and χ is a CP-even Higgs boson of the U(1)′ gauge symmetry.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Supernovalike explosions of massive rotating stars from disks surrounding a black hole
Authors: Fujibayashi Sho , Lam Alan Tsz-Lok , Shibata Masaru , Sekiguchi Yuichiro
Published: January 2024

We perform a new general-relativistic viscous-radiation hydrodynamics simulation for supernovalike explosions associated with stellar core collapse of rotating massive stars to a system of a black hole and a massive torus, paying particular attention to large-mass progenitor stars with the zero-age main-sequence mass of MZAMS=20, 35, and 45M⊙ of Aguilera-Dena [ ]. Assuming that a black hole is formed in a short timescale after the onset of the stellar collapse, the new simulations are started from initial data of a spinning black hole and infalling matter that self-consistently satisfy the constraint equations of general relativity. It is found that, with a reasonable size of the viscous parameter, the supernovalike explosion is driven by the viscous heating effect in the torus around the black hole, irrespective of the progenitor mass. The typical explosion energy and ejecta mass for the large-mass cases (MZAMS=35 and 45M⊙) are ∼1052  erg and ∼5M⊙, respectively, with

Ni

56

mass larger than 0.15M⊙. These are consistent with the observational data of stripped-envelope and high-energy supernovae such as broad-lined type Ic supernovae. This indicates that rotating stellar collapses of massive stars to a black hole surrounded by a massive torus can be a central engine for high-energy supernovae. By artificially varying the angular velocity of the initial data, we explore the dependence of the explosion energy and ejecta mass on the initial angular momentum and find that the large explosion energy ∼1052  erg and large Ni56 mass ≥0.15M⊙ are possible only when a large-mass compact torus with mass ≳1M⊙ is formed.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
New and robust gravitational-waveform model for high-mass-ratio binary neutron star systems with dynamical tidal effects
Authors: Abac Adrian , Dietrich Tim , Buonanno Alessandra , Steinhoff Jan , Ujevic Maximiliano
Published: January 2024

For the analysis of gravitational-wave signals, fast and accurate gravitational-waveform models are required. These enable us to obtain information on the system properties from compact binary mergers. In this article, we introduce the model, which contains a closed-form expression that describes tidal effects, focusing on the description of binary neutron star systems. The model improves upon previous versions by employing a larger set of numerical-relativity data for its calibration, by including high-mass ratio systems covering also a wider range of equations of state. It also takes into account dynamical tidal effects and the known post-Newtonian mass-ratio dependence of individual calibration parameters. We implemented the model in the publicly available uite software library by augmenting different binary black hole waveform models (, , and ). We test the validity of by comparing it with numerical-relativity waveforms, as well as other tidal models. Finally, we perform parameter estimation for GW170817 and GW190425 with the new tidal approximant and find overall consistent results with respect to previous studies.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Through the lens of Sgr
A*
: Identifying and resolving strongly lensed continuous gravitational waves beyond the Einstein radius
Authors: Savastano Stefano , Vernizzi Filippo , Zumalacárregui Miguel
Published: January 2024

Lensed gravitational waves will offer new means to probe the distribution of matter in the Universe, complementary to electromagnetic signals. Lensed continuous gravitational waves provide new challenges and opportunities beyond those of transient compact binary coalescence. Here we consider continuous gravitational waves emitted by isolated neutron stars and lensed by Sgr A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of our Galaxy, a system observable by the next generation of gravitational wave detectors. We analyze the signatures of this system in detail, addressing parameter estimation and model selection. Future detectors can distinguish lensed continuous waves and measure their parameters with precision ∼1–10% for sources within 2–4 Einstein radii of Sgr A*, depending on the source distance, thanks to the relative motion of the observer-lens-source system. The chances of observing strongly lensed neutron stars increase by one order of magnitude relative to previous estimates, thanks to the possibility of detecting lensed systems at several Einstein radii. Multiple images can be resolved with an angular accuracy ∼10 mas, comparable to the best optical telescopes. Image localization probes deviations from axial symmetry and the existence of companions to Sgr A* in regions complementary stellar orbits and black hole imaging. Our methods and many of our results extend to other lenses (e.g., Galactic substructure) and sources (e.g., long-lived inspiralling binaries), rendering lensed continuous gravitational waves into versatile probes of astrophysics and fundamental physics.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Self-assembled complex micelle phase stability in ABA-type triblock copolymers and related core-shell bottlebrushes
Authors: Karavolias Michael G. , Mahanthappa Mahesh K.
Published: January 2024

We report the synthesis and temperature-dependent morphologies of a series of polylactide--poly (-decalactone)--polylactide (LDL) triblock copolymers with Mn=16.0–18.1kg/mol and volume fractions fL=0.27–0.31 and associated core-shell bottlebrush (csBB) polymers, which derive from enchaining LDL triblocks through a polymerizable midchain functionality. While the LDL triblocks form micellar Frank-Kasper A15 and phases due to the conformational asymmetry of this monomer pair, the csBB morphologies sensitively depend on the backbone degree of polymerization (Nbb). At low Nbb values, micellar Frank-Kasper phases with the brush backbone situated in the matrix domain are stable, albeit with a modest reduction in the mean interfacial curvature evidenced by a to A15 order-to-order transition. However, larger Nbb values drive csBBs to form hexagonally packed cylinders phases. This Nbb-dependent phase behavior is rationalized in terms of a star-to-bottlebrush transition. At low Nbb values, the csBBs are akin to star polymers with pointlike junctions that can support complex micelle packings. As Nbb increases, the csBBs adopt cylindrical molecular geometries with extended backbones situated in the matrix domain that prefer hexagonally packed cylinders morphologies.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Bose-Einstein condensate experiment as a nonlinear block of a machine learning pipeline
Authors: Hans Maurus , Kath Elinor , Sparn Marius , Liebster Nikolas , Strobel Helmut , Oberthaler Markus K. , Draxler Felix , Schnörr Christoph
Published: January 2024

Physical systems can be used as an information processing substrate and, with that, extend traditional computing architectures. For such an application, the experimental platform must guarantee pristine control of the initial state, the temporal evolution, and readout. All these ingredients are provided by modern experimental realizations of atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. By embedding a quantum gas experiment in a machine learning pipeline, one can represent nonlinear functions while only linear operations on classical computers of the pipeline are necessary. We demonstrate successful regression and interpolation of a nonlinear function using an elongated cloud of potassium atoms and characterize the performance of our system.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Discrete time crystal in an open optomechanical system
Authors: Chen Dongni , Peng Zhenyang , Li Jiahui , Chesi Stefano , Wang Yingdan
Published: January 2024

The spontaneous breaking of time translation symmetry in periodically driven Floquet systems can lead to a discrete time crystal. Here we study the occurrence of such dynamical phase in a driven-dissipative optomechanical system with two membranes in the middle. We find that, under certain conditions, the system can be mapped to an open Dicke model and realizes a superradiant-type phase transition. Furthermore, applying a suitable periodically modulated drive, the system dynamics exhibits a robust subharmonic oscillation persistent in the thermodynamic limit.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Crystal structure and characterization of a new lanthanide coordination polymer, [Pr2(pydc)(phth)2(H2O)3]·H2O
Authors: Yotnoi Bunlawee , Rujiwatra Apinpus
Published: January 2024

A new lanthanide coordination polymer, poly[[triaquabis(μ4-phthalato)(μ3-pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylato)dipraseodymium] monohydrate], {[Pr2(C7H3NO4)2(C8H4O4)(H2O)3]·H2O}
n
or {[Pr2(phth)2(pydc)(H2O)3]·H2O}
n
, (pydc2− = pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylate and phth2− = phthalate) was synthesized and characterized, revealing the structure to be an assembly of di-periodic {Pr2(pydc)(phth)2(H2O)3}
n
layers. Each layer is built up by edge-sharing {Pr2N2O14} and {Pr2O16} dimers, which are connected through a new coordination mode of pydc2− and phth2−. These layers are stabilized by internal hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions. In addition, a three-dimensional supramolecular framework is built by interlayer hydrogen-bonding interactions involving the non-coordinated water molecule. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the title compound is thermally stable up to 400°C.
Revisiting the delight–loyalty link in a retail banking context – an emerging market perspective
Authors: Roberts-Lombard Mornay , Makanyeza Charles , Jaiyeoba Olumide , Svotwa Tendai Douglas
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study uses relationship marketing theory to explore affective and calculative commitment as mediators in the delight–loyalty link. Furthermore, it investigates the role of perceived employee service delivery skills, perceived value and trust in the relationships between delight, affective commitment, calculative commitment and loyalty.

Design/methodology/approach

A descriptive research approach was applied, and the data were collected from 332 retail banking customers in an emergent market who are overall satisfied with their bank. A self-administered questionnaire collected data from 332 respondents who adhered to the stipulated requirements to participate in the study. These respondents were selected through purposive and convenience sampling. The constructs’ interrelationships were analysed via structural equation modelling. The measurement and structural models were also assessed.

Findings

Affective and calculative commitment and delight impact loyalty. Both affective commitment and calculative commitment were found to mediate the relationship between delight and customer loyalty.

Research limitations/implications

The study enhances an understanding of the role of affective and calculative commitment in strengthening the delight–loyalty link from a relationship marketing theory perspective.

Practical implications

The study provides guidance to the retail banking industry in emerging markets on the importance of affective and calculative commitment in strengthening the delight–loyalty link. It further informs retail banks of the need to provide banking customers with products and service value that exceed their expectations to strengthen their future commitment and loyalty to their bank.

Originality/value

Guided by relationship marketing theory, the role of affective and calculative commitment in mediating the delight–loyalty link in an emerging market context is uncovered.
Environmental challenges and innovative responses of local agri-food systems: a theoretical approach
Authors: Collado Luis , Galaso Pablo , Menéndez María de las Mercedes , Rodríguez Miranda Adrián
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to analyse how local agri-food systems (LAFS), compared to other production models, can offer innovative responses to the important environmental challenges facing food production under the twin transition. These responses are more conducive to community inclusion and local development.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper combines territorial development, clusters and industrial districts literature with studies on agri-food industry environmental problems and twin transition technologies to develop an agri-food systems typology. This typology is based on a territorial approach to environmental challenges of food production and serves to illustrate the ways in which LAFS can provide innovative responses to these challenges.

Findings

The study allows to visualise the differences between LAFS and other agri-food production models, showing how the operationalisation and implementation of digitisation occur at territorial level and how rural communities are involved in the process. The theoretical proposal emphasises not assuming that technology is inherently beneficial but ensuring that its implementation is inclusive and generates social value for the communities.

Originality/value

The paper aims to enrich future research by adopting a territorial perspective to study the twin transition challenges associated with food production systems.
Does metaverse stimulate tourism prosocial behavior? A mindfulness-driven model with a psychological ownership perspective
Authors: Cai Ruiying , Wang Yao-Chin , Zhang Tingting (Christina)
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Through a theoretical lens of psychological ownership, this study aims to investigate how technology mindfulness may stimulate metaverse tourism users’ feelings of individual psychological ownership, aesthetic value and conversational value, which in turn fosters intention to engage in prosocial behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used a scenario-based survey that allowed U.S.-based participants to create their own avatars and imagine using their avatars to explore heritage sites in the metaverse. Structural equality modeling was applied for data analysis.

Findings

The results from 357 valid responses indicate that technology mindfulness arouses tourists’ individual psychological ownership, aesthetic value, conversational value and prosocial behavioral intentions. The moderating role of biospheric value orientation on willingness to donate and intention to volunteer is investigated.

Research limitations/implications

The research sheds light on the significance of technology mindfulness, conversational value and psychological ownership perspectives in the metaverse, which have been previously overlooked. The authors used a scenario-based survey for mental stimulation due to current metaverse technology limitations.

Practical implications

The study is one of the first to explore the possibility of encouraging prosocial behaviors using metaverse-facilitated technology. The research offers guidelines to engage hospitality and tourism customers in the metaverse that can blend their virtual experiences into the real world.

Originality/value

This study represents one of the pioneering efforts to gain an in-depth understanding of the application of metaverse in triggering prosocial behavior toward heritage sites, explained via a technology mindfulness-driven model with a psychological ownership perspective.
The anatomy of exporting wineries of Argentina
Authors: Depetris Chauvin Nicolas , Villanueva Emiliano C.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to provide a detailed characterization of Argentinean exporting wineries using a new rich firm-level data set to understand how capabilities and business strategies differ among firms with different levels of involvement in the export market.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was distributed among all wineries along all wine regions of Argentina; the 45-min questionnaire was answered by 230 wineries, a representative sample with a response rate of 26.3% of the total population of Argentinean wineries. The survey assessed the interaction between wineries’ dynamics and characteristics and their participation in export markets. In the comparative analysis, the results are presented by dividing the sample into four categories according to the export intensity of the wineries.

Findings

High-intensity exporting wineries in Argentina differ from other Argentinean wineries in several dimensions. In particular, the most internationalized Argentinean wineries are the most endowed with higher capabilities; they follow a specific business model emphasizing product differentiation, quality upgrading, brand building and the development of distribution channels. Exporting wineries from Argentina adopt business practices that differ from those that prevail among wineries that only target the domestic market. They have developed firm capabilities such as human capital and technology to play a critical role in quality upgrading for their participation in global wine markets.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to study the Argentinean exporting wineries using a firm-level sizeable representative sample.
Hydromagnetic peristaltic flow of convective Casson nanofluid through a vertical porous channel under the influence of Ohmic heating and viscous dissipation effects
Authors: Vardagala Jagadesh , Sreedharamalle Sreenadh , Moorthi Ajithkumar , Gorintla Sucharitha , Pallavarapu Lakshminarayana
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Ohmic heating generates temperature with the help of electrical current and resists the flow of electricity. Also, it generates heat rapidly and uniformly in the liquid matrix. Electrically conducting biofluid flows with Ohmic heating have many biomedical and industrial applications. The purpose of this study is to provide the significance of the effects of Ohmic heating and viscous dissipation on electrically conducting Casson nanofluid flow driven by peristaltic pumping through a vertical porous channel.

Design/methodology/approach

In this analysis, the non-Newtonian properties of fluid will be characterized by the Casson fluid model. The long wavelength approach reduces the complexity of the governing system of coupled partial differential equations with non-linear components. Using a regular perturbation approach, the solutions for the flow quantities are established. The fascinating and essential characteristics of flow parameters such as the thermal Grashof number, nanoparticle Grashof number, magnetic parameter, Brinkmann number, permeability parameter, Reynolds number, Casson fluid parameter, thermophoresis parameter and Brownian movement parameter on the convective peristaltic pumping are presented and thoroughly addressed. Furthermore, the phenomenon of trapping is illustrated visually.

Findings

The findings indicate that intensifying the permeability and Casson fluid parameters boosts the temperature distribution. It is observed that the velocity profile is elevated by enhancing the thermal Grashof number and perturbation parameter, whereas it reduces as a function of the magnetic parameter and Reynolds number. Moreover, trapped bolus size upsurges for greater values of nanoparticle Grashof number and magnetic parameter.

Originality/value

There are some interesting studies in the literature to explain the nature of the peristaltic flow of non-Newtonian nanofluids under various assumptions. It is observed that there is no study in the literature as investigated in this paper.
The Citizen as Other: The Case from Within for Cosmopolitan State Duties and Freedom to Migrate
Authors: Strumia Francesca
Published: January 2024

This article considers a novel frame for state duties towards ‘others’ and towards migrants. Existing literature on the cosmopolitan role of the state and on the foundations of a right to migrate links relevant duties to principles of no harm to outsiders, other‐regardingness, or hospitality. This article explores the possibility that we should rather justify relevant duties from the perspective of citizenship and from within the social contract between state and citizen. It advances a three‐step argument in support of the idea that the state, in discharging its responsibilities to ‘others’, ought to be guided by the perspective of the duties it owes to its own citizens to fulfil the cosmopolitan value of their condition. The perspective ‘from within’ that the article thus proposes sheds novel light on the global role of the sovereign state and on the meaning of cosmopolitanism. In reconciling the former with the latter, it nudges the theory of cosmopolitan sovereignty out of an impasse. And it ultimately makes room for a conception of migration as freedom.