bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UNDERPLANTING OF YOUNG COCONUTS UNDER ADULT STANDS OF COCONUT PALMS FOR PRODUCTION OF EDIBLE VEGETATIVE PITH OR 'UBOD'
Authors: Gerardo D. Padrones  , Millicent I. Secretaria  , Severino S. Magat
Published: May 2020

The feasibility and viability of producing edible vegetative coconut pith  or 'ubod' from young coconuts planted with double plants  per hill under adult coconut bearing palms was studied at the Philippine Coconut Authority - Davao Research Center, Bago Oshiro Davao City. 

 

The average weight of 'ubod' from double planting scheme was 5.9 kg/palm (range 2.8 -9.4 kg) on the first year of 'ubod' harvest. There was a very slight increase (average of 0.2 kg/palm) in 'ubod' weight on the second year of harvest.  The total ubod yield for two years harvesting schedule was 8.9 t/ha.

 

Under the Davao growing condition, cost and return analysis of 'ubod' production in double  plants per hill scheme  indicated a total net income of  P129,030  per ha in 4 years with a return on investment (ROI)  of 180%. While copra production from adult bearing palms realized a total of P 114,675 for 4 years with an average ROI of 242%.   Considering copra plus 'ubod' yield from this production scheme, the cumulative net income and ROI obtained were: P 242,389.6 and 203% respectively.

 

Based on the results of this study with modest fertilizer application of ammonium sulfate plus common salt (NaCl), underplanting of two young coconuts per hill (spaced at two feet away from each other) at 3 x 3 m distance between spaces of bearing coconut palms harvested at three years from field-planting is a profitable and viable production scheme to increase farm productivity. The farm income with this coconut-based production is increased by 200% compared to coconut monocropping.
PROPOSALS FOR INTERNATIONAL CO OPERATION IN THE COLLECTION OF PLANTING MATERIAL AND IN COMPARATIVE TRIALS OF COCONUT HYBRIDS
Authors: M. de NUCE de LAMOTHE  , J.P. LE SAINT
Published: May 2020

The genetic improvement of coconut is clifficult and costly for numerous reasons of which the chief ones are re­lated to its biology the length of the unproductive phase and the interval between generations, the low multiplication rate and the lack of an asexual mode of reproduction, the size and weight of its seed and the absence of dormancy, the bulk of the tree and low planting density. In most coun­tries, the means provided to researchers were and still are very limited, partly perhaps because coconut has remained essentially a smallholding tree and the private plantation sec­tor has taken relatively little interest in it.
LOW COST TECHNOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COCONUT SMALLHOLDINGS
Authors: DR. D. V. LIYANAGE
Published: May 2020

The management practices recommended to increase coconut production in smallholdings are largely based on a seed‑fertilizer­agrocide technology. The goal is to maximise production. HigI yielding varieties that need high inputs and management lavel, have been introduced. Application of chemical fertilizers pesticides and weedicides are advocated. The smallholders with limited funds at their disposal and faced with other constraints are unable to purchase the inputs. Thus an inappropriate tech­nology is being passed on to them.
COCONUT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: Dely P. Gapasin
Published: May 2020

Research and development programs in agriculture and natu­ral resources are planned, monitored and evaluated by the Philippi­ne government through the Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research and Development (PCARRD) in cooperation with the National Agriculture and Resources Research System (NARRS) and the private sector. Within the NARRS, the Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA) is the national center for coconut research.
ROOT ABSORPTION AS A METHOD OF INTRODUCING INSECUCIDES INTO COCONUT PALMS FOR THE CONTROL OF LEAF FEEDING CATERPILLARS
Authors: Christa Ulin Ginting  , R. Desmier de Chenon
Published: May 2020

The root absorption technique has been shown to be very ef­fective method for the control of coconut leef feeding caterpillars.

 

However, this method, in order to be effective, requires a good system for monitoring the population level of the pest and a well organized and coordinated pest control teams.

 

Like the trunk injection method the root absorption tech­nique has also many advantages: high effectiveness, good distribu­tion of insecticides in the leaves, efficient, less harmful, long remanence does not affect the natural enen‑des, thus a good method to use for integrated pest control. Furthermore, unlike the trunk injection method, the root absorption technique utilizes the root, not the trunk, of the coconut palm for introducing the pesticide. Hence, not injurious to the tree as well.
THE COCONUT INDUSTRY – SOLOMON ISLANDS
Authors: Brian G.C. Smith
Published: May 2020

The coconut plays a vital part in the culture and economy of Solomon Islands. Not only is it the main source of income to the majority of smallholders in the country it is also an important ‑ food.

 

The Government has recently carried out a survey of the smallholde­r coconut sector which has produced valuable baseline data high government is basing a development programme.

 

Whilst a replanting programme is not envisaged farmers will encouraged through demonstrations based on research findings crease the output from the existing resource to improve rural and national incomes and to ensure a continuing supply of this food for the increasing population.
BUD ROT DISEASE ON PB 121 COCONUT AT BANGUN PURBA PTP VI, NORTH SUMATRA
Authors: J. Brahmana  , Azis Kelana
Published: May 2020

Three‑year observations made upto 1987 on coconut hybrid PB121 (Malayan Yellow Dwarf x West Affican Tall) planted at the Bangun Purba PTP VI Estate, North Sumatra in 1977 revealed a 9.5 percent infestation by bud‑rot disease. Bud‑rot is disastrous since it kills the only growing point of the plant, and until today no remedy has been found out other than uprooting and destroying the diseased palms. Exast cause of but‑rot is not known, even­though the fungus Phytophthora palmivora is associated with the affected palms. This disease is noticed exclusively on mature palms, older than four years, and is found to spread blockwise.
SHORT TERM in vitro PRESERVATION OF COCONUT SEED MATERIAL: A METHOD TO FACILITATE FIELD COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT OF COCONUT GERMPLASM
Authors: S.M. Karunaratne
Published: May 2020

High cost of transport and the short storage fife of recalcitrant seednuts are two major obstacles to the effective field collection and exchange of coconut germplasm. An in vitro method invol­ving the culture of zygotic embryos of coconut was developed to overcome these problems. The excised embryos were initially subjected to a slow growth phase by culturing in an agar based medium containing nutrients barely sufficient for their survival. After 2, 3 and 5 months in this medium, the embryos were trans­ferred to the gerinination or the development medium for resumption of growth and plant development. 53% of the zygotic embryos preserved in this manner for a period of 2 months produced nor­mal plants when transferred to the gennination medium. The percentage germination dropped to 32 after 5 months storage in the survival medium. The prolonged low temperature storage of cultures (100 and 40C for three months), caused irreversible damage to the coconut embryos and no plants were formed when transferred to the germination medium.

 

            The advantages of the technique are that a large number of 'seednuts' can be transported free of pests in a small container and requires no change in the culture medium during the preser­vation period. Unlike the germination medium, the survival me­dium is agar based and hence the risk of containination is low. The non gerridnators can be identified and rejected prior to the germination phase.
VARIATIONS IN THE YIELD OF COCONUTS, AS INFLUENCED BY THE PATTERN OF RAINFALL AND DURATION OF DRYSPELL
Authors: Jacob Mathew  , Amarnath C.H.  , Vijaya Kumar K  , Mohamed Yusuf  , Balakrishnan T K.
Published: May 2020

Study of the variations in the yield of coconuts in the West Coast of India, in relation to the pattern of rainfall and duration of dryspell revealed that the yield obtained in any year is not directly related with the total rainfall received in the same year or in the preceeding years. Summer rains were having positive correlation with the yield in the succeeding year. About 60% of the variations in the annual yield were due to the changes in the duration of dryspell in the preceeding two years.
STATUS OF COCONUT RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION IN TANZANIA
Authors: E. N. BALINGASA
Published: May 2020

Coconut is an important economic crop in the coastal belt of Tanzania and the island. However, production has been dwindling through the years due to various constraints, eg, poor plantation management, lack of improved planting materials, insect pests ‑ notably Oryctes monoceros Oliv, and the coreid bug, Pseuclotheraptus wayi Brown plus a lethaf‑disease presently belie to be caused by mycoplasmalike organisms.

 

To offset further decline of the industry, the National Coconut Development Programme was created by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, assisted by the Federal Republic of Germany and the World Bank. Production promotion activities were implemented ‑ conducting selection works on the East African Tall coconut population, establishment of seed gardens to produce high yielding planting materials and supporting extension to disserninate technical information. Simultaneously, researches in agronomy, breeding, pest and disease control were conducted. Lately, farming systems research was added as a new project component. Significant findings on the various research areas are discussed in this paper plus some aspects of utilization, processing and marketing.
PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT TIMBER UNDER FIELD AND SERVICE CONDITIONS
Authors: R.N. Palomar  , V.K. Sulc
Published: May 2020

Approximately 3.4 million hectares of coconut plantation arc spread ail over the coconut producing provinces in the Philippines. Of these, 50% arc found in Mindanao, 21.l % in the Visayas and 28.9% in Luzon including the Southern Tagalog and Bicol regions (PCA Annual Report, 1986).

 

It has been estimated that 30% of the area planted to coconut arc 60 years old and over. These coconut stands are considered unproductive and should be replanted with improved and high‑yielding coconut varieties.
Digital Law Journal: Introduction
Authors: Inozemtsev Maxim I.
Published: May 2020

I am glad to greet you in the pages of the international, peer-reviewed Digital Law Journal. The mission of the Journal is to provide a platform to exchange and discuss information around various research aspects and best practices concerned with the legalization of digital technologies. Another fundamental goal is to elucidate the peculiarities of these technologies and their implementation prospects within a legal and regulatory framework.
First record of Harpellales, Orphellales (Kickxellomycotina) and Amoebidiales (Mesomycetozoea) from Bulgaria, including a new species of Glotzia
Authors: Valle Laia Guàrdia , Stoianova Desislava
Published: May 2020

This paper presents the results obtained from a short survey performed in Bulgaria, southeast Europe, where the trichomycetes (sensu lato), an ecological group of arthropod gut endosymbionts, were previously completely unknown. The present study initiates the comprehension of these cryptic organisms, members of the Kickxellomycotina (Harpellales, Orphellales) and the Mesomycetozoea (Amoebidiales), in this Balkan country. Eighteen new geographic records for Bulgaria are reported, including 10 species of Harpellales, three species of Orphellales and five species of Amoebidiales. Within the Harpellales, the species Glotzia balkanensissp. nov. is described. This new species is most related to the rare species G. centroptili Gauthier ex Manier & Lichtw. and G. stenospora White & Lichtw., but is differentiated by spore and thallial characteristics. Photographs are provided and biogeographic implications of these records are discussed.
Visibiliser l’imposture. Irrésignation au discours managérial
Authors: Vandevelde-Rougale Agnès
Published: May 2020

Cette contribution porte sur une expérience collective de dénonciation du discours managérial moderne. À partir de l’étude socioclinique d’un entretien de recherche mené avec deux de ses initiateurs, elle montre que la fiction d’épanouissement personnel et de relations sociales apaisées que véhicule ce discours peut susciter une double indignation : une indignation sociale , contre le déploiement de ce discours au mépris des violences et des injustices marquant les relations au travail, et une indignation narcissique , contre le déni de reconnaissance de la capacité de penser que manifeste ce déploiement. Développer un contre-discours apparaît alors comme un acte de résistance à la désubjectivation, une lutte du sujet pour sa reconnaissance et en vertu de sa conscience éthique, mais aussi une lutte de territoire, qui peut contribuer au refus de la résignation sous-tendant l’assujettissement collectif.
Emprises organisationnelles perverses et intervention
Authors: Herreros Gilles
Published: May 2020

Depuis plusieurs décennies, les sciences sociales analysent les formes de management des organisations hypermodernes, en soulignent les effets d’emprise et les conséquences destructrices que cela peut avoir sur la santé de leurs salariés. Opérant un pas de côté en observant le fonctionnement de deux associations de l’économie sociale et solidaire au sein desquelles émergent des formes différenciées d’emprise, le texte suggère que les rouages de ce phénomène pourraient procéder de pulsions susceptibles de s’exprimer dans n’importe quelle forme d’organisation. Une adhésion sans retenue, une remise de soi fidéiste au service d’un projet considéré comme noble… peuvent générer une anesthésie du sens critique et provoquer, de façon inattendue, des dérives d’emprises vers de « l’abusif » ou du « sectaire ». Le sociologue, dans ce genre de situation, peut gagner à ne pas retenir une posture bien tempérée pour préférer une certaine radicalité.
Après l’usine : que reste-t-il de l’emprise ? Les effets de l’emprise sur les trajectoires de reconversion professionnelle
Authors: Depoorter Pascal
Published: May 2020

L’article étudie les effets de l’emprise managériale sur les carrières de reconversion professionnelle de salariés licenciés d’une entreprise multinationale dans le cadre d’une fermeture d’un site de production. À partir d’une étude de deux trajectoires sociales, l’auteur montre que l’adhésion à l’idéologie managériale et les formes de gratifications symboliques que retirait l’individu de son travail ne sont pas sans conséquence sur les façons de se projeter dans un autre horizon professionnel. Dans un premier temps, l’auteur étudie les conditions sociales qui donnent prise à « l’emprise » et amènent le management à agir sur les dispositions sociales de l’individu. La réflexion se poursuit dans un second temps en s’intéressant à la manière dont « l’emprise » empêche de penser et de « réussir » sa reconversion.
L’éligibilité sectorielle. La sélection des élus dans les instances locales de gestion de l’eau
Authors: Barone Sylvain
Published: May 2020

Cet article propose d’analyser la manière dont sont sélectionnés les élus exerçant des fonctions dans un secteur particulier de l’action publique, celui de la gestion des cours d’eau et des milieux aquatiques. Après avoir montré ce que cette étape supplémentaire de sélection politique pour accéder à des instances spécialisées doit aux variables politiques et sociologiques classiques, il s’intéresse aux effets du rapport multiforme des élus à l’eau, avant d’aborder les modalités concrètes de leur désignation au sein de ces instances. L’entrée sectorielle permet d’appréhender l’éligibilité sous un autre jour et d’apporter certains compléments à l’approche territoriale dominante.
Un syndicat contre la ville-centre. Le cas du syndicat intercommunal des eaux de la région grenobloise
Authors: Brochet Antoine
Published: May 2020

Le Syndicat intercommunal des eaux de la région grenobloise (SIERG) a existé de 1947 à 2017. Il est devenu progressivement un acteur majeur de l’adduction en eau à l’échelle du bassin grenoblois mais sans s’étendre à la ville de Grenoble. Cet article étudie le SIERG dans une perspective d’histoire et de géopolitique locales, de sa naissance jusqu’à son apogée en 2010. En retraçant l’histoire des stratégies mises en œuvre par le SIERG pour le contrôle de l’approvisionnement en eau, l’article montre la difficulté de la ville de Grenoble à s’affirmer face à une périphérie puissante.
Relance économique : de retour après la pause
Authors: Venne Jean-François
Published: May 2020

La pandémie de COVID-19 et les ordonnances de confinement promulguées par les gouvernements ont donné un coup d’arrêt brutal à des pans entiers de l’économie mondiale. La reprise exigera donc du doigté et de l’imagination dans un contexte rempli de défis.
Les trop-pleins de changement : conséquences et solutions
Authors: Johnson Kevin , Autissier David , Gril Emmanuelle
Published: May 2020

Si votre organisation est saturée de changement, certains symptômes vont commencer à se manifester, si ce n’est pas déjà fait… Quels sont les signaux à surveiller ? Quelles sont les façons de remédier à la situation ?
Le changement ? Non, mais l’agilité, peut-être…
Authors: Hébert Louis , Giguère Isabelle
Published: May 2020

L’environnement dans lequel nous évoluons est de plus en plus dynamique. Or, cette réalité soulève beaucoup d’incertitude. Dans un tel contexte, le changement doit maintenant faire partie de l’ADN des organisations, sinon, c’est la mort quasi assurée. L’agilité serait-elle alors leur planche de salut ?
Conseils pour réussir ses transformations
Authors: Lemieux Sylvie
Published: May 2020

Peu d’organisations peuvent aujourd’hui se soustraire à l’impératif de la transformation. Les environnements d’affaires sont en reconfiguration constante, à tel point qu’on parle de plus en plus du côté obscur du changement. Mais comment savoir qu’une entreprise a atteint le point de non-retour et sombre dans l’excès ?
Médiatisation de la guerre d’indépendance grecque et mouvement philhellène
Authors: Barau Denys
Published: May 2020

Un trait remarquable de la mobilisation de l’opinion française pour soutenir les Grecs dans leur guerre d’indépendance a été la diversité des médias qu’elle a utilisés. L’information des journaux a été complétée par des livres ou des brochures qui ont relayé leurs prises de position ; les thèmes philhellènes ont été portés par des poèmes ou des images en tout genre. Mais la médiatisation n’est pas par elle-même une mobilisation et le mouvement philhellène s’est appuyé aussi sur d’autres formes d’action plus militantes.
Au-delà des frontières. La campagne graphique de Solidarność et la solidarité internationale
Authors: Matul Katarzyna
Published: May 2020

L’identité graphique de Solidarnos´c´ a joué pendant les années 1980 un rôle très important pour le mouvement d’opposition polonais et pour sa victoire finale contre le système communiste. Grâce aux campagnes internationales de soutien à Solidarnos´c´ , son logotype a bénéficié d’une diffusion et d’une renommée mondiales extraordinaires. Toutefois, sa signification dépasse le symbole du soutien au mouvement ouvrier ou de la lutte des Polonais contre le système politique en place : elle a gagné une acception plus universelle, sans perdre pour autant de sa dimension subversive et controversée.
Dada, la première revue d’art , carrefour de l’édition d’art pour la jeunesse (1991-2019)
Authors: Rialland Ivanne
Published: May 2020

À travers l’étude de la revue Dada , doyenne des publications sur l’art pour la jeunesse, se révèle le fonctionnement d’un écosystème original, reposant sur des interactions étroites entre édition, école et musée, et nourri largement par la création vivante, qui a ainsi sa spécificité autant vis-à-vis du secteur documentaire jeunesse que l’édition sur l’art destinée aux adultes.
Réseaux sociaux et défi démocratique : l’exemple du cyberespace camerounais
Authors: Njutapwoui Aboubakar Sidi , Ngouloure Jean Pierre Fewou
Published: May 2020

L’accès des minorités (ethniques) et des entités marginalisées (femmes, jeunes) au pouvoir démocratique au Cameroun via les réseaux et médias socionumériques connaît un tournant majeur avec la prolifération des nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication. Au travers de deux plateformes camerounaises de discussion en ligne, à savoir Camer be et Cameroun.info-net, nous montrons qu’elles constituent désormais un vecteur d’émancipation qui permet à ces entités sociales longtemps muselées par les différents pouvoirs en place de reprendre l’initiative en matière de liberté d’expression et de culture démocratique. Dès lors, Internet assure non seulement une grande visibilité sociopolitique malgré la chape de plomb de la censure qui demeure menaçante pour ces usagers singuliers du web, mieux ils profitent de ces moments d’échanges interactifs pour éprouver leur compétence communicationnelle, même si celle-ci est parfois limitée, sinon embryonnaire. L’idée d’une démocratie participative impulsée par les groupes étudiés devient ainsi une réalité en marche, le cyberespace camerounais se dotant de plus en plus d’un pouvoir de libérer et fédérer, ce qui leur donne la possibilité de participer pleinement au grand débat national sur des questions touchant aussi bien le politique, l’économique, le social que le culturel.
Communication politique et réseaux sociaux : les élections présidentielles 2014 en Roumanie sous la loupe de Twitter et de Facebook
Authors: Badau Horea Mihai , Eyries Alexandre
Published: May 2020

Dans cet article nous proposons d’étudier l’utilisation des réseaux socio-numériques (essentiellement Facebook et Twitter) à des fins de communication politique dans le contexte spécifique des élections présidentielles qui ont eu lieu en Roumanie entre le 2 et le 16 novembre 2014. Nous essaierons de déterminer l’efficacité du recours à ces réseaux dans la communication des candidats et l’influence qu’ils ont pu exercer sur l’issue de la campagne.
Les TIC analysées selon une posture féministe en contexte africain
Authors: Palmieri Joelle
Published: May 2020

À partir d’un corpus de 31 entretiens semi-directifs et d’observations participantes menés en Afrique du Sud et au Sénégal, d’une analyse des textes institutionnels des organisations internationales et d’une approche théorique approfondie, l’article expose une analyse de la « société de l’information » sous l’angle des rapports de domination qu’elle reproduit ou qu’elle produit. Il souligne l’imbrication de deux institutionnalisations, celle des TIC et du genre, et présente ses impacts sur les mobilisations des organisations de femmes et féministes locales. En s’inspirant des travaux de Spivak, l’analyse met également en évidence en quoi le genre augmente les facteurs de subalternité des femmes africaines. Discutant les analyses de Quijano, il montre que la colonialité est renouvelée et que le virtuel dépolitise le réel. Dans ce contexte et paradoxalement, des pistes de renouvellement d’une épistémologie de la domination s’esquissent.
Vivre en ligne en Algérie
Authors: Flichy Patrice
Published: May 2020

L’enquête qualitative présentée ici porte sur l’usage d’internet par les lycéens et les étudiants francophones algériens. Ils trouvent là un dispositif qui leur fournit une aide précieuse pour leurs activités scolaires et universitaires, leur permet de développer une sociabilité amicale intense depuis chez eux, leur offre des loisirs diversifiés à domicile. C’est évidemment pour les filles que le réseau des réseaux est le plus essentiel, il leur permet de gérer le repli sur l’espace privé qui leur est imposé. La plupart de ces jeunes, réussissent à bien jongler entre l’ici et l’ailleurs, trouvant ailleurs les ressources qu’ils n’ont pas ici, gérant l’espace public depuis leur espace privé individuel, essayant de surmonter les difficultés ou les blocages de leur société, notamment la rencontre de l’autre sexe, la participation à la vie citoyenne ou politique, le départ vers d’autres pays.
Use and Management of Email as Records in African Universities
Authors: Adeyinka Tella , Onyancha Omwoyo Bosire
Published: May 2020

The chapter examined the management of email as records in African universities from the perspective of selected librarians. Data was gathered from interviews conducted for the librarians and their deputies along with analysis of related documents. Findings revealed that email is a record and therefore should be managed the same way other documents recognized as records in the universities are managed. The methods African universities are adopting in the management of email as records include capturing in an electronic document records management systems otherwise known as (EDRMS), print and file as attachments, headers details, and other appropriate metadata to the paper based on recordkeeping system, unaltered, classified, accessible, and readable for longer period.
Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
Authors: Mello Vincent Malesela , Ngoepe Mpho
Published: May 2020

Rand Water was one of the earliest institutions to introduce electronic records management in 1991. Over the period of three decades, there have been numerous changes at the institution, and within the South African legal framework, there is a need to transfer the digital records into archival custody. However, there is no infrastructure to ingest digital records into archival custody. This poses challenges to institutions such as Rand Water as they are forced to create an interim solution for electronic records preservation. The challenge is compounded by the fact that since implementing electronic systems, Rand Water has migrated to several products. There is a danger that some records might have been lost during migration. This chapter narrates on the electronic record-keeping within Rand Water from yesteryear to today in order to map the way for the future. It has established that Rand Water has implemented several ECMs and migrated to different products over the years. A further study on data loss and recoverability during migration to the different ECMs is recommended.
Design of ICT Framework to Manage the Records Electronically in the Government Offices of Botswana
Authors: Kumar Rajiv
Published: May 2020

The proposed framework is set up to guarantee that record keeping is considered when planning and actualizing ICT systems. The joining of record keeping usefulness in ICT frameworks is best practiced with regards to system planning, design, testing, implementation, and review. Integration of functionality of electronic records management functionality in ICT framework addresses to which extent existing ICT frameworks have been coordinated with records. The framework is pointed expressly at looking over 'master' application systems (for instance, HR, budgetary organization, or case the board structures). Regardless, it may similarly be used for assessing the arrangement and errand of employments, for instance, attempted substance organization structures that are proposed to supervise unstructured electronic records (messages, word-arranged reports, spreadsheets, etc.) consistent with the administrator's standards.
The Use of Companion Applications to Support Instructor-Led Training
Authors: Johnson Stephanie R.
Published: May 2020

This case study reflects on the use of a mobile training companion application to overcome limitations of supporting a level-three evaluation of the participants following a face-to-face training course. A level-three evaluation determines how well a person that attended training is able to transfer the information they learned to their job. The rapid adoption of smartphones enables the creation of solutions not previously considered viable in this industry, which has typically used either a traditional web-based training strategy or a traditional face-to-face training strategy to meet its training objectives. This solution is especially important because the training attendees work individually and each person covers a different territory than another, making it even more difficult to measure transfer.
Industrialization in Tanzania
Authors: Mayala Nyanjige Mbembela
Published: May 2020

This chapter acknowledges the undeniable fact that the manufacturing sector plays a key role in the growth of any economy, and it is from this sector that Tanzania can catch up with the rest of the world. The stagnant contribution share of the manufacturing sector is linked with implementation lags on ambitious, uncoordinated plans and slow transforming economic structure, which is dominated by agriculture and competition from low priced manufactured import from Asian economies. Shifting the labor force from agriculture to manufacturing remains the best option for the country to enhance efforts towards industrialization, thus increasing the overall productivity. On the other hand, entrepreneurship and policies have a multifaceted nature and linkages with other areas, such as education and skills development, technology and innovation, finance and capacity building. Multiple new types of financial instruments can contribute to diversifying the financial solutions available to Tanzanian entrepreneurs in the process of industrialization.
Transitioning From Medium to Large Companies in the Circular Economy
Authors: Perez-Uribe Rafael I. , Ramírez-Garzón María Teresa , Ramirez-Salazar Maria D.P. , Salcedo-Perez Carlos
Published: May 2020

In this chapter, some key factors of the companies were analyzed, which during the development of their activities marked positively or negatively their passage through different growth scenarios for the transition from a medium to a large company in a circular economy in Colombia. The methodology that served as the basis of analysis aimed at compiling the information in secondary sources of the growth data in the last five years (2014-2018) of 100 medium and large Colombians with more operational income. Focus explicitly was one those working with the concept of a circular economy, registered in public sources in Colombia, such as the superintendence of companies (Supersocieties) and EMIS database. After this analysis, the findings, conclusions, and steps of the analysis model were identified so that the transition between the different scenarios proposed would produce the expected results to the companies. The working hypothesis was that there are some key factors that allow a medium-sized company to become a large company in a circular economy.
Knowledge Management for Entrepreneurship Development in the Circular Economy
Authors: Deshpande Mukund
Published: May 2020

Entrepreneurship development is continuously tied to boosting the economy of the individuals, society, and the nation. Amongst a variety of approaches devised for economic development by scientists, researchers, and economists, a novel tool of the circular economy has emerged to help industries generate dual benefits. The ability to revamp the economy and reduce awful environmental impact are its objectives. Further revelation is about the knowledge of traditional, recycling, and circular economies and useful strategies for developing entrepreneurship in a circular economy. The findings further revealed essential links to build processes and measures to manage the knowledge for circular economy development. The chapter has revealed a three-pronged approach as important to the development of entrepreneurship in a circular economy. In that context, economics, regulations, and technology are the three important dimensions found essential to developing entrepreneurship.
Creativity and Innovation for Entrepreneurs in the Circular Economy
Authors: Naidoo Vannie
Published: May 2020

SMEs uplift a country's economic wellbeing by creating jobs and alleviating poverty. Since poverty and job creation are so important to economies worldwide, policies and legislation have to be developed and implemented that encourage SME growth in world markets. It, however, does not stop there; SMEs have to use tools to strengthen their business operations. This is where the aspect of innovation and creativity is crucial. The researcher is of the opinion that many other theorists share, that is, SMEs cannot grow or sustain themselves without creativity and innovation.
Measuring Infopreneurial Intentions of Library and Information Science Graduating Students
Authors: Chiwara-Ndoro Gratitude , Dewah Peterson
Published: May 2020

The purpose of the study anchoring this chapter was to measure the extent to which the students from the Department of Library and Information Science had intentions to venture into infopreneurship after graduating with their Bachelor of Science Honours Degree in Library and Information Science. Using a mixed-method design, data were collected from a population of 45 students through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Findings revealed that the majority (25) students intended to pursue infopreneurship as information consultants, information brokers, researchers, information literacy assistants, writers, and proofreaders. The study concluded that infopreneurship could be a panacea to the unemployed information science graduates in Zimbabwe. Since the field of infopreneurship is unique and under-researched, the study recommends the creation of a community of practice of infopreneurs who research, share ideas, collaborate, and make the field of infopreneurship robust and efficient in creating employment opportunities for information science graduates.
The Technological Properties of Polymer Composites Containing Waste Sheep Wool Filler
Authors: Strážnický Přemysl , Rusnáková Soňa , Žaludek Milan , Bošák Ondrej , Kubliha Marián , Gross Petr
Published: May 2020

New technologies are using natural fibres in composites materials in the industry. It is still often natural fibres in modern buildings, chemists, airports, sport and automotive. Using for construction pieces and their better properties than steel or traditional materials. New forward science and technic are recycled or decrease waste. The problem for central Europe is a waste of agricultural, invention relates to an epoxy resin filled with an organo-inorganic filler of natural origin, production especially plants and sheep wool as well as other usable wastes such as old textiles. New applications are in new construction types and industries finding cheaper materials. There is available modern technology for injection moulding granulate polypropylene with filler from sheep wool and plant fibres. For example, to make furniture or building cladding. This could reduce waste production, pollution of nature and emissions in the production of these products from new raw materials. The work presents the possibilities of using new polymer-based materials contain sheep wool as filler. The paper deals with the evaluation of the mechanical properties of the effect of the addition of sheep wool in a concentration of 3% to selected types of thermosetting matrices. In the experiments, the modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, ductility and deformation work were built on the sample set. The results are statistically processed and document the possibilities of adjusting the mechanical properties of composites with sheep wool.
Mechanical Properties of Hierarchical Biopolymer Composite with a Modified Surface of Knitting Fabric
Authors: Lenfeld Petr , Lenfeldová Irena , Bĕhálek Luboš , Boruvka Martin
Published: May 2020

The paper deals with the evaluation of mechanical properties of a biopolymer biodegradable composite obtained by injection molding (InMold technology) of knitted hierarchical fabric in the injection mold. Two methods of modifying natural fibers of the hierarchical fabric were used to influence adhesion at the interface between the polymer and the knitted fabric. The first type of modification was acetylation and the second type was the use of physical treatment using low temperature plasma, atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). The polymer composite matrix was PLA polymer from NatureWorks LLC. The structural fabric was a weft interlock knitted fabric in three different geometric characteristics made from natural cotton yarn. Experimental measuring on evaluation of mechanical properties, tensile, flexural and charpy impact tests were performed on prepared samples not only for different types of modifications of natural fibers of knitted fabric, but also in terms of orientation of knitted fabric in a biopolymer composite system.
Polymer Based Abdominal Retractor According to Existing Design Parameters
Authors: Hučko Branislav , Čekan Michal , Horvát František , Bachratý Michal , Čambal Marek
Published: May 2020

Abdominal retractors are an essential tool for successful execution of laparoscopy. Their initial and running costs however can be a hindrance for clinics to implement them into their surgical units. New medical grade polymers offer high medical performance with reasonable strength properties at a fraction of the price to traditional steel instrumentation. This work investigates the possibility of using such polymers as a substitute material for common deep surgery retractors made of medical grade stainless steel. The design is based on measurements taken with a modified deep retractor, integrating a force transducer to obtain loading, during laparoscopy. Geometric and strength properties of the traditional retractor under the measured load condition were simulated in a FEA environment. A design study was then performed utilizing the same model but with modified material (PEEK 450GL30) and geometric properties until a suitable design was obtained. Provided logical geometrical considerations, it was possible to obtain a polymer based design capable of withstanding the load conditions measured during laparoscopy with some limitations.
Influence of Electron Beam Technological Movements on Aluminium Alloy AW2099 Welded Joints Properties
Authors: Urminský Ján , Marônek Milan , Bárta Jozef , Lopatková Michaela , Hrušecký Róbert
Published: May 2020

The electron beam welding (EBW) parameters have significant influence on weld surface appearance and porosity formation. Besides basic welding parameters, such as acceleration voltage, welding current, focusing current and welding speed, the beam oscillation during EBW plays an important role in weld metal formation and directly impacts the final welded joints properties. The influence of technological movements during EBW on the properties of aluminium-lithium alloy welded joints was studied. The same frequency and different amplitude as well as same amplitude and different frequency were chosen. The other welding parameters were constant.
Experimental Study of Nickel Electron Beam Welding
Authors: Hodúlová Erika , Šimeková Beáta , Kovaříková Ingrid , Sahul Martin
Published: May 2020

The scope of this study was to ascertain the weldability of Nickel 201 alloy sheets using an electron beam welding method. Weld joints of the Nickel 201 alloy sheets 2,0 mm thick were welded by electron beam without an additional material at a flat position. The influence of electron beam welding parameters on weld quality and mechanical properties of test joints was studied. The study of quality and mechanical properties of the joints were determined by metallographic evaluation, tensile and hardness tests.
Outcomes of Tube Thoracostomies Performed by Advanced Practice Providers vs Trauma Surgeons
Authors: Bevis Laura C. , Berg-Copas Gina M. , Thomas Bruce W. , Vasquez Donald G. , Wetta-Hall Ruth , Brake David , Lucas Eddy , Toumeh Khaled , Harrison Paul
Published: May 2020

Background The role of advanced registered nurse practitioners and physician assistants in emergency departments, trauma centers, and critical care is becoming more widely accepted. These personnel, collectively known as advanced practice providers, expand physicians’ capabilities and are being increasingly recruited to provide care and perform invasive procedures that were previously performed exclusively by physicians.

Objectives To determine whether the quality of tube thoracostomies performed by advanced practice providers is comparable to that performed by trauma surgeons and to ascertain whether the complication rates attributable to tube thoracostomies differ on the basis of who performed the procedure.

Methods Retrospective blinded reviews of patients’ charts and radiographs were conducted to determine differences in quality indicators, complications, and outcomes of tube thoracostomies by practitioner type: trauma surgeons vs advanced practice providers.

Results Differences between practitioner type in insertion complications, complications requiring additional interventions, hospital length of stay, and morbidity were not significant. The only significant difference was a complication related to placement of the tube: when the tube extended caudad, toward the feet, from the insertion site. Interrater reliability ranged from good to very good.

Conclusions Use of advanced practice providers provides consistent and quality tube thoracostomies. Employment of these practitioners may be a safe and reasonable solution for staffing trauma centers.
Medication Therapy and Ramadan Fasting
Authors: Suharjono  , Izzah Zamrotul , Efendie Benny , Yusuf Eddy
Published: May 2020

Every year millions of Muslims observe fasting during the month of Ramadan. Abstaining from drink and food for a long period may affect the physiology of the body, pathology of diseases, and pharmacokinetics/ pharmacodynamics of medicines. Health professionals should assess the suitability
of patients to observe fasting without compromising their health. Pharmacists can contribute by recommending alternative medicine, dosage form, route of administration, dosing regimen, educating patients on balanced diets and proper use of their medicines, as well as monitoring of the clinical
outcomes. This article aims to familiarize the readers with the practice of Ramadan fasting and various aspects regarding drug therapy and Ramadan fasting.
The Transvestic Disorder
Authors: Emilia Florentina Lescai
Published: May 2020

According to DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition), transvestic disorder is a form of paraphilia reported almost exclusively in men. Sexual arousal manifested in its most obvious form – as an erection of the penis – can be associated with transvestism in various manners. The diagnosis of transvestic disorder applies to individuals who practice transvestism and whose fantasies about disguising in clothes that are specific to the other sex and whose associated behaviours are always or frequently accompanied by sexual arousal, and to whom this type of behaviour causes emotional discomfort, or a significant dysfunction manifested clinically in various areas of their life. This paper tries to explore the onset, the evolution, the various psychological factors that emerge as a result the paraphilic disorder, and, respectively, the criteria used to the purpose of clinical assessment, and the specific therapeutic approaches to the disorder.
New insights into Dutch Elm Disease: cell wall compositional, ecophysiological, vascular and nanomechanical assessments
Authors: Durkovic Jaroslav , Kačik František , Mamonova Miroslava , Lagana Rastislav , Canova Iigrid , Urban Josef , Krajnakova Jana
Published: May 2020

Comprehensive assessments were made of the chemical profiles of woody cell wall components, and also leaf growth, ecophysiological, vascular and nanomechanical traits for two Dutch elm hybrids 'Groeneveld' and 'Dodoens' which possess contrasting tolerances toward Dutch elm disease. Upon infection with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi ssp. americana × novo-ulmi, medium-molecular weight macromolecules of cellulose were degraded in both hybrids. A loss of crystalline and non-crystalline cellulose regions occurred in parallel. In 'Groeneveld' plants, syringyl-rich lignin provided a far greater degree of protection from cellulose degradation, but only guaiacyl-rich lignin in 'Dodoens' plants was involved in a successful defence against the fungus. Unexpectedly, we found a very high proportion of non-significant differences between the infected and non-infected plants of 'Dodoens', including similarities in leaf growth, leaf gas exchange and leaf midrib vascular traits, as well as in the nanomechanical properties of the cell walls of tracheary elements such as modulus of elasticity, adhesion and energy dissipation. Three years after initial inoculations, except for a few traits such as leaf slenderness, relative chlorophyll content, transpiration rate and sap flow density in branches, we found no evidence of a decrease in leaf trait performances among the infected plants of 'Dodoens', despite the occasional persistence of fungal hyphae in the lumens of leaf midrib tracheary elements.
Ligninolytic activity of Phlebiopsis gigantea strains in cultivation on Norway spruce wood
Authors: Zolciak Anna
Published: May 2020

Abstract

 

As a white-rot basidiomycetous and wood-decaying fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea (Fr.: Fr.) Jülich is able to degrade lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose with a complex set of extracellular enzymes. Enzyme activity of this fungus has not been sufficiently explored.

The aim of this study was to assess the activity of laccase and peroxidases as well as the level of micromolecular compounds in P. gigantea strains, grown on pieces of Norway spruce wood (sapwood and heartwood) over 50 days of incubation under laboratory conditions. Enzymatic activity was determined using spectrophotometry. Phlebiopsis gigantea strains showed laccase (Lacc), manganese peroxidase (MnP), lignin peroxidase (LiP) and versatile peroxidase (VP) activity.  Hydroxy– and methoxyphenols were released during this process also. High levels of MnP activity (from 5.5 to 107.847 mU/μg of protein in cultures on sapwood and from 7.585 to 229.055 mU/μg of protein in cultures on heartwood) were observed in P. gigantea strains, as well as high activity of VP with manganese-oxidizing properties (from 3.36 to 61.708 mU/μg of protein on sapwood and from 1.7 to 254.479 mU/μg of protein on heartwood) compared with the other examined extracellular enzymes. The activity of Lacc ranged from 0 to 0.731 mU/μg of protein on sapwood and from 0 to 0.216 of protein on heartwood. LiP activity was also low and ranged from 0.025 to 0.593 mU/μg of protein on sapwood, and from 0.060 to 1.566 mU/μg of protein on heartwood. The activity of VP in terms of guaiacol-oxidizing properties ranged from 0.016 to 1.432 mU/μg of protein in cultures on sapwood, and from 0.042 to 1.238 mU/μg of protein on heartwood. Released hydroxyphenols for P. gigantea strains ranged from 39.204-129.157 μg of protocatechuic acid/ml in cultures on sapwood, and from 23.098-83.630 μg of protocatechuic acid/ml on heartwood. Methoxyphenols produced by P. gigantea strains ranged from 7.5 to 22.987 μg of vanillin acid/ml on sapwood, and from 10.187 to 36.885 μg of vanillin acid/ml on heartwood.

Keywords: white-rot fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea, laccase, manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, versatile peroxidase, hydroxy–, methoxyphenols.