bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bonegilla Heritage Park: Contesting and Co-ordinating a Public History Site
Authors: Dellios Alexandra
Published: June 2017

Since the 1980s, efforts to publically commemorate the former migrant training and reception centre of Bonegilla, while intermittent, have increased. I am referring to: reunions and anniversaries, state and national heritage listings, the erection of museum displays, temporary and touring exhibitions, the on-site Heritage Park, and forms of popular culture. For the national audience, as well as several ethnic communities, Bonegilla now plays a role in the collective imagination of the post-war period and the migrant journey. Furthermore, the nature of Bonegilla’s public representation has evolved since the late 1980s. Bonegilla has become much more than a place of personal migrant memory, and its previous negative connotations in the public arena have been erased. This public evolution is linked to much wider processes in our national history. This article thus explores the contestation and co-ordination of collective memories—that is, multiple narratives of Bonegilla’s past, which, while in constant dialogue with each other, are framed and sanctioned by the limits of Australian multiculturalism and heritage discourses. While the earliest efforts to commemorate Bonegilla might be typified as ‘participatory’ and vernacular, they might now be described in reference to ‘retrospective commemoration’, in which Bonegilla’s public history is framed by state-sanctioned narratives and other attendant discursive frameworks.
Archaeology for Whose Interpretation?: Finding Space for Alternative Archaeology in Indonesia
Authors: Marwoto-Johan Irmawati
Published: June 2017

To date, archeological research has been widely conducted in Indonesia. The results of this research, however, are not widely known by the public because they are merely meant for archeologists. This leads the public in some instances to interpret archeological remains in their own neighborhoods. This public need of archeology could be promoted through archeological research being delivered to the public though exhibitions, museums or archeological sites. This article presents a discussion of Indonesian archeologists’ problems of authority, the growth of Alternative Archeology as a ‘challenge’ to mainstream archeology and the implications Alternative Archeology has for the broader community.
Elemental composition of ambient aerosols measured with high temporal resolution using an online XRF spectrometer
Authors: Furger Markus , Minguillón María Cruz , Yadav Varun , Slowik Jay G. , Hüglin Christoph , Fröhlich Roman , Petterson Krag , Baltensperger Urs , Prévôt André S. H.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The Xact 625 Ambient Metals Monitor was tested during a 3-week field campaign at the rural, traffic-influenced site Härkingen in Switzerland during the summer of 2015. The field campaign encompassed the Swiss National Day fireworks event, providing increased concentrations and unique chemical signatures compared to non-fireworks (or background) periods. The objective was to evaluate the data quality by intercomparison with other independent measurements and test its applicability for aerosol source quantification. The Xact was configured to measure 24 elements in PM10 with 1 h time resolution. Data quality was evaluated for 10 24 h averages of Xact data by intercomparison with 24 h PM10 filter data analysed with ICP-OES for major elements, ICP-MS for trace elements, and gold amalgamation atomic absorption spectrometry for Hg. Ten elements (S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ba, Pb) showed excellent correlation between the compared methods, with r2 values  ≥  0.95. However, the slopes of the regressions between Xact 625 and ICP data varied from 0.97 to 1.8 (average 1.28) and thus indicated generally higher Xact elemental concentrations than ICP for these elements. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed, but further investigations are needed. For the remaining elements no conclusions could be drawn about their quantification for various reasons, mainly detection limit issues. An indirect intercomparison of hourly values was performed for the fireworks peak, which brought good agreement of total masses when the Xact data were corrected with the regressions from the 24 h value intercomparison. The results demonstrate that multi-metal characterization at high-time-resolution capability of Xact is a valuable and practical tool for ambient monitoring.
Soil nitrogen oxide fluxes from lowland forests converted to smallholder rubber and oil palm plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Hassler Evelyn , Corre Marife D. , Kurniawan Syahrul , Veldkamp Edzo
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations cover large areas of former rainforest in Sumatra, Indonesia, supplying the global demand for these crops. Although forest conversion is known to influence soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) fluxes, measurements from oil palm and rubber plantations are scarce (for N2O) or nonexistent (for NO). Our study aimed to (1) quantify changes in soil–atmosphere fluxes of N oxides with forest conversion to rubber and oil palm plantations and (2) determine their controlling factors. In Jambi, Sumatra, we selected two landscapes that mainly differed in texture but were both on heavily weathered soils: loam and clay Acrisol soils. Within each landscape, we investigated lowland forests, rubber trees interspersed in secondary forest (termed as jungle rubber), both as reference land uses and smallholder rubber and oil palm plantations as converted land uses. In the loam Acrisol landscape, we conducted a follow-on study in a large-scale oil palm plantation (called PTPN VI) for comparison of soil N2O fluxes with smallholder oil palm plantations. Land-use conversion to smallholder plantations had no effect on soil N-oxide fluxes (P = 0. 58 to 0.76) due to the generally low soil N availability in the reference land uses that further decreased with land-use conversion. Soil N2O fluxes from the large-scale oil palm plantation did not differ with those from smallholder plantations (P = 0. 15). Over 1-year measurements, the temporal patterns of soil N-oxide fluxes were influenced by soil mineral N and water contents. Across landscapes, annual soil N2O emissions were controlled by gross nitrification and sand content, which also suggest the influence of soil N and water availability. Soil N2O fluxes (µg N m−2 h−1) were 7 ± 2 to 14 ± 7 (reference land uses), 6 ± 3 to 9 ± 2 (rubber), 12 ± 3 to 12 ± 6 (smallholder oil palm) and 42 ± 24 (large-scale oil palm). Soil NO fluxes (µg N m−2 h−1) were −0.6 ± 0.7 to 5.7 ± 5.8 (reference land uses), −1.2 ± 0.5 to −1.0 ± 0.2 (rubber) and −0.2 ± 1.2 to 0.7 ± 0.7 (smallholder oil palm). To improve the estimate of soil N-oxide fluxes from oil palm plantations in this region, studies should focus on large-scale plantations (which usually have 2 to 4 times higher N fertilization rates than smallholders) with frequent measurements following fertilizer application.
Front Matter
Authors: Boyle Josh
Published: June 2017

Front Matter
Antropología para el pueblo. La portada de nuestro primer número
Authors: Solís Narváez Norling Sabel
Published: June 2017

No resumenRaíces - Revista Nicaragüense de Antropología. Año 1 No. 1/2017: 8-9
Veinte años de Antropología en Nicaragua
Authors: López Alvarado Gloria Argentina , Maritza Andino Elvira , Álvarez Arzate María Dolores
Published: June 2017

El artículo se configura como un breve recorrido a través de la historia  y desarrollo del Departamento de Antropología de la UNAN-Managua, desde sus inicios, en 1991, hasta la actualidad.Raíces - Revista Nicaragüense de Antropología. Año 1 No. 1/2017: 15-26
Los jóvenes en riesgo: un análisis de las percepciones sociales en la Zona 6 de Ciudad Sandino
Authors: Hernández Briceño Sergio José
Published: June 2017

El presente artículo surge como parte de los resultados obtenidos durante el diagnóstico investigativo realizado en el 2014 en la Zona 6 de Ciudad Sandino, titulado “Inserción social de los jóvenes en riesgo”. En la que se comprobó la discordancia social existente al distinguir categorías juveniles como: jóvenes en riesgo y jóvenes delictivos. Siendo una repercusión de esta contrariedad la formación de estereotipos sociales negativos acerca de la identidad del joven en riesgo, lo que se contrapone a las perspectivas institucionales y a su vez al tipo de identidad que los mismos jóvenes en riesgo de la Zona 6 han adoptado.El propósito de este artículo investigativo es entender quiénes son realmente los jóvenes en riesgo y comprender la manera en la que toda esta serie de juicios y criterios en conjunto afectan a las identidades juveniles. El tema ha sido abordado desde el enfoque holístico- antropológico, con sus métodos y técnicas propias como la etnografía, la observación directa y participante, las entrevistas abiertas y a profundidad.Raíces - Revista Nicaragüense de Antropología. Año 1 No. 1/2017: 86-97
Colaboradores Vol.1(1)
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: June 2017

Raíces - Revista Nicaragüense de Antropología. Año 1 No. 1/2017:134-137
Economia do Futebol: Uma Abordagem Através do Modelo Agente-Principal
Authors: Griebeler Marcelo De Carvalho , Baldusco Diego
Published: June 2017

O presente trabalho modela teoricamente o problema da divergência de objetivos existente no futebol brasileiro como uma relação de agente-principal. O principal, a torcida, delega para o agente, o dirigente, a tarefa da produção de vitórias e resultados positivos. Contudo, nem sempre o dirigente do clube deseja maximizar o número de vitórias. Entre seus objetivos podem estar manter o orçamento do clube equilibrado ou obter mais sócios, por exemplo. Os principais resultados do trabalho encontram evidência empírica: podemos entender as agressões a dirigentes, jogadores e técnicos de futebol e as invasões de campo protagonizadas por torcedores.
Bibliotherapy for Mental Health
Authors: Yontz-Orlando Jennifer
Published: June 2017

The United States is facing an epidemic of mental illness, affecting nearly 60 million Americans annually (http://www.nami.org/ ). The World Health Organization describes mental health as “a long neglected problem” and has established an action plan for 2013-2020 (http://www.who.int/mental_health/action_plan_2013/en/). One way to combat mental illness is through bibliotherapy, which is the use of written materials including fiction, nonfiction, and poetry to support emotional and psychiatric healing.Bibliotherapy has been in existence since ancient times, but began in earnest in the United States in the 1850’s during the “Great Awakening.” At that time, mental illness began to be seen as a medical condition rather than a supernatural phenomenon. Since then, due to the changing nature of our institutions, interest in bibliotherapy waned until the 1950’s when there was a slight resurgence in its practice. However, in the last 20 years, bibliotherapy has gained a stronghold in the United Kingdom. To relieve the stress of an overcrowded mental health system, public policy in the UK has supported the use of bibliotherapy in a variety of its institutions. There are many ways to conduct bibliotherapy, but studies show that when the process is interactive, such as in a support group setting, the results are better. Also, bibliotherapy can be conducted by many sorts of professionals, including doctors, therapists, social workers, teachers, and librarians. Studies also show that when the bibliotherapists are trained in the best practices of bibliotherapy, results improve. Bibliotherapy is an effective, low-cost alternative for people in need of therapeutic assistance. The UK model should be studied and implemented in the United States and in other nations to help solve the mental health crisis.
Lean transformation to reduce costs in healthcare: A public hospital case in Turkey
Authors: Yurtkuran Alkin , Özdemir Duygu , Yurtkuran D. Merih , Emel Erdal
Published: June 2017

Until recently, hospitals have adapted a series of quality standards to improve the quality of their services. However, these standards do not provide any cost reduction that is worth mentioning within which qualified personnel, material and indirect costs are already very high. To overcome this problem, lean production techniques have been integrated to the healthcare processes in the last few years. This study aimed to reduce costs by both improving and shortening the time of Social Security Instituition (SSI) based invoicing processes of a public hospital in Bursa, Turkey during the period of 2013-2014. To accomplish this goal various lean tools such as value stream mapping, poka-yoke, kaizen and standardization were presented and implemented. For validation purposes, montly SSI cuts, total income and process times before and after the lean transformation were analysed and compared. Furthermore, patient satisfaction surveys were carried out in order to investigate the negative effects of cost oriented lean studies. Results reveal that a clear improvement in total income is achievable, while maintaining the patient satisfaction levels. In this case, an eight percent improvement in SSI cuts resulting in a clear improvement on total income values has been obtained. Findings indicate that implementing lean tools on hospital processes is an effective way to reduce the healthcare costs while maintaining the patient satisfaction levels. The results of this study will stimulate the research in adopting lean techniques not only for patient satisfaction, but also for cost reduction purposes in hospitals.
Regiovorming: tussen inhoud en institutionalisering
Authors: Groenleer Martijn , Verheul Wouter Jan
Published: June 2017

Regionalization: between substantive and institutional questions

Societal challenges are increasingly requiring cooperation and solutions on a regional scale. The recently formed metropolitan regions around Amsterdam, Rotterdam-The Hague and Eindhoven are examples. This essay serves as the introduction to a symposium on regionalization and the substantive and institutional questions that regionalization raises. It deals with the growing differences between regions and the call for a differentiated response. It also discusses the drivers for regional cooperation and the constraints of focusing on administrative structures. The essay exposes a number of tensions regarding the external profiling of regions, the benefits of regional cooperation, and the pursuit of broad societal goals. At the same time, it puts forward suggestions for follow-up research.
Monitoring van sociale media: op weg naar een Brave New Democracy?
Authors: Edwards Arthur , de Kool Dennis
Published: June 2017

Social Media Monitoring: towards a Brave New Democracy?

Social media monitoring is a topical and relevant phenomenon. It enables civil servants and politicians to gauge the sentiments voiced on social media, on the basis of which they are in a better position to take into account the wishes and needs of citizens. Social media monitoring is primarily used for rational and strategic purposes. In terms of democratic legitimacy, it may enhance the quality of the processes on the output side of the political system, i.e. authorities can be more responsive and can fine tune public policies. There also threats for the relation between citizens and government. When citizens communicate on networks they perceive as private, social media monitoring can be seen as an intrusion into their private sphere. This not only concerns individual privacy but also an interpersonal private sphere in terms of the right that people have to define a domain within which they can exchange experiences with peers. Transparency and accountability are therefore important conditions for the application of this instrument.
Particuliere uitbesteding van gemeentelijke handhavingstaken
Authors: van Steden Ronald , Stougie Leon , van Veldhoven Dylan
Published: June 2017

Outsourcing municipal law enforcement What’s in it for local government?

Various Dutch municipalities hire municipal law enforcement officers from private security companies. This process of outsourcing sometimes meets political resistance, because safety and security are central tasks of government that should not be carried out by commercial parties. At the same time, little is known about the actual pros and cons of private law enforcement officers in relation to their public colleagues. From the literature we expect differences in cost, flexibility, local knowledge, professional autonomy, job satisfaction and cooperation with the police. Our empirical research shows that these differences are smaller than initially assumed. Private law enforcement officers work longer hours under more or less the same working conditions (salary) as public law enforcement officers. Their turnover rate is also higher compared to public law enforcement officers, because of their lower career expectations. Overhead costs, including the costs of outsourcing processes, remain unknown.
Belofte maakt schuld
Authors: Ergün Erkan , Karsten Niels
Published: June 2017

Promise means Obligation: Media logic in the coverage of campaign promises in the Netherlands and the United States’

While existing research shows that politicians fulfil many of their election promises, voters remain very sceptical about pledge fulfilment. A possible explanation is that the media report critical about election pledges. That is why, in this article, the occurrence of media logic is analysed in the coverage of election promise fulfilment in two countries: the Netherlands and the United States. The results indicate that media logic is indeed ubiquitous in the coverage of election promises, but also that there is a difference in media coverage during governing periods and campaign periods. In addition, the results show that, in contrast to what the existing literature suggests, coverage on election promises is more negative in the Netherlands than in the United States. The media evaluate Dutch politicians’ pledge fulfilment more critically. This result offers the valuable insight that citizens and the media may take a negative view of the traditional way of making policies through compromise in consensus democracies because it forces politicians and governments to break their election promises. This, in turn, can fuel political cynicism.
Uwarunkowania i konsekwencje migracji zarobkowych z Polski do innych państw Unii Europejskiej w perspektywie społeczno-ekonomicznej
Authors: Kubiak Michał
Published: June 2017

The subject of this article is the question of the social consequences of economic migration. Migrant workers contribute to growth and development in theircountries but in the long term perspective mass migrations of citizens abroad may causeserious social crisis. Migrations are a serious threat to family policy, employment policy andsocial security of citizens. Migration strategy the state should find a solution which on the onehand will make use of the gains offered by the free movement of persons on the other handwill stop the negative social effects of migration.
Problemy narodowościowo-religijne Iraku w XXI wieku
Authors: Ożarowski Rafał
Published: June 2017

Iraq is a specific ethno-religious mosaic. By except Arabs and Kurds there are a lot of minorities which since ancient times were present on this territory. Among them are: Yazidis, Mandaneans, Shabaks, Assyrians, Turkmen and Marsh Arabs.
After the collapse of Saddam Husein regime the U.S., British and allied troops began to control Iraq. In the face of such a situation many different radical Muslim groups has evolved and started to fight foreign soldiers. In result, Iraq plunged into instability and chaos and many minorities became a main victims of political and military conflict. Such societies like Yazidis, Mandaneans, Shabaks were persecuted, forced to flee and killed. by now Iraqi state has no any capabilities to protect such minorities which still feel insecure in their own country.
Macrobiotus polypiformis sp. nov., a new tardigrade (Macrobiotidae; hufelandi group) from the Ecuadorian Pacific coast, with remarks on the claw abnormalities in eutardigrades
Authors: Roszkowska Milena , Ostrowska Marta , Stec Daniel , Janko Karel , Kaczmarek Łukasz
Published: June 2017

From a moss sample collected in the Manabí Province in Ecuador, we extracted 96 specimens of a new species of eutardigrade. No eggs were found. In order to obtain eggs, an in vitro culture was prepared. In total, 136 specimens (including ten simplex), one exuvia and 44 eggs (including two with embryos) of the new species were obtained. In addition to the traditional taxonomic description with morphometrics, light and scanning microscopy imaging, we also provide nucleotide sequences of three nuclear (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS-2) and one mitochondrial (COI) DNA fragments of the new species. Macrobiotus polypiformis sp. nov. belongs to the hufelandi group and is most similar to Ma. paulinae Stec, Smolak, Kaczmarek & Michalczyk, 2015, but differs from it mainly by the lack of dorso-lateral patches of granulation on the cuticle, egg processes with longer and more numerous filaments and in some morphometric characters of both eggs and adults. Moreover, we provide a short discussion on the modifications/abnormalities of the claws in eutardigrades and the possible consequences on the taxonomic status of Mesobiotus armatus (Pilato & Binda, 1996), suggesting its consideration as species inquirenda (with uncertain taxonomic status).
Chest pain and the role of somatic dysfunction
Authors: Wax Craig M. , Abend David S. , Pearson Robert H.
Published: June 2017

The symptom of chest pain may be a result or manifestation of somatic dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system. Chest pain is a common chief complaint among patients in a family practice office or in the emergency room. Various intrathoracic and extra thoracic factors may be responsible. The authors describe their experience with one patient in whom osteopathic manipulative treatment was used along with accepted medical tests and therapy to diagnose and treat this patient. If chest pain is effectively diagnosed and promptly treated, OMT can provide the most thorough, cost-effective, and satisfying care available.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: case report and review
Authors: Dykstra Thomas J. , Menolasino Michael J.
Published: June 2017

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare but potentially fatal disorder that has been associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. Because neuroleptic malignant syndrome is rare, clinicians often have a low index of suspicion for the disorder which may lead to delayed treatment and increased mortality. This article describes a case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome and briefly reviews current diagnostic criteria and treatment options.
Comparing medical knowledge of osteopathic medical trainees in DO and MD programs: a random effect meta-analysis
Authors: Shen Linjun , Cavalieri Thomas , Clearfield Michael , Smoley Joseph
Published: June 2017

The authors used random effect meta-analysis to synthesize eight mean score differences of the Part III/Level3 examinations of the National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners (NBOME) between osteopathic medical trainees in DO residency programs and osteopathic medical trainees in MD programs. The analysis involved 6001 trainees and all Part ill or Level 3 examinations since 1992. The average mean score difference was not significantly different from zero; however, the estimates of true effect sizes of each examination varied substantially. The findings indicate that, overall, medical knowledge of osteopathic trainees in MD and DO residency programs is compatible at the time they took the examinations. However, a large variation of effect size suggests the need for further investigation of the factors other than difference between osteopathic and allopathic training programs.
Update and review of blastomycosis
Authors: Chao Deardre , Steier Kenneth J. , Gomila Remi
Published: June 2017

Blastomycosis has a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. When a patient presents with chronic pneumonia, especially coexisting with cutaneous lesions, blastomycosis infection needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis. Erythema nodosum can rarely be associated with pulmonary blastomycosis. A positive culture is the gold standard of diagnosis; occasionally, the organism can be identified by its typical "shoe print" morphology with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain. The Gen-Probe technique may be required to confirm the uncertain culture results. The preferred treatment for blastomycosis in less severe cases is oral itraconazole, with amphotericin B in disseminated cases.
Couvelaire uterus
Authors: Hubbard James L. , Hosmer Stephan
Published: June 2017

Uteroplacental apoplexy is a rare but nonfatal complication of severe forms of placental abruption. It occurs when vascular damage within the placenta causes hemorrhaging that progresses to and infiltrates the wall of the uterus. It is a syndrome that can only be diagnosed by direct visualization or biopsy (or both). For this reason, its occurrence is perhaps underreported and underestimated in the literature. The subject of this report is a 24-year-old pregnant woman who had a placental abruption and in whom classic uteroplacental apoplexy was diagnosed at the time of her cesarean section.
Validation practices for satellite‐based Earth observation data across communities
Authors: Loew Alexander , Bell William , Brocca Luca , Bulgin Claire E. , Burdanowitz Jörg , Calbet Xavier , Donner Reik V. , Ghent Darren , Gruber Alexander , Kaminski Thomas , Kinzel Julian , Klepp Christian , Lambert Jean‐Christopher , Schaepman‐Strub Gabriela , Schröder Marc , Verhoelst Tijl
Published: June 2017

Assessing the inherent uncertainties in satellite data products is a challenging task. Different technical approaches have been developed in the Earth Observation (EO) communities to address the validation problem which results in a large variety of methods as well as terminology. This paper reviews state‐of‐the‐art methods of satellite validation and documents their similarities and differences. First, the overall validation objectives and terminologies are specified, followed by a generic mathematical formulation of the validation problem. Metrics currently used as well as more advanced EO validation approaches are introduced thereafter. An outlook on the applicability and requirements of current EO validation approaches and targets is given.
A spatial Markov model for the evolution of the joint distribution of groundwater age, arrival time, and velocity in heterogeneous media
Authors: Massoudieh Arash , Dentz Marco , Alikhani Jamal
Published: June 2017

The evolution of the joint distribution of groundwater age, velocity, and arrival times based on a Markov model for the velocities of fluid particles in heterogeneous porous media has been quantified. An explicit evolution equation for the joint distribution of age, arrival time, and particle velocity is derived, which is equivalent to a continuous time random walk for age, velocity, and arrival time. The approach is fully parameterized by the correlation model and the distribution of groundwater flow velocities. The transition probability for subsequent particle velocities along streamlines is implemented by a Copula, which is an efficient method to generate a correlated velocity series with prescribed marginal distribution. We discuss different solution methods based on finite‐differences and random walk particle tracking. The latter is based on continuous time random walks, whose transition times are obtained kinematically from the flow velocities. Specifically, we discuss a renormalization scheme to accelerate the particle‐tracking simulations based on the definition of aggregate particle transitions while at the same time renormalizing velocity correlation. The impact of velocity correlation and velocity distribution on the evolution of age at different distances from the inlet plane is also studied. At distances of the order of the correlation length, persistent particle velocities give the same behavior as stochastic streamtube models. For velocity distributions which give rise to transition times with finite variance, the age distributions evolve toward an inverse Gaussian. For heavy‐tailed weighting times, they evolve toward stable distribution as the distance from the inlet increases.
Role of air‐water interfaces in colloid transport in porous media: A review
Authors: Flury Markus , Aramrak Surachet
Published: June 2017

Air‐water interfaces play an important role in unsaturated porous media, giving rise to phenomena like capillarity. Less recognized and understood are interactions of colloids with the air‐water interface in porous media and the implications of these interactions for fate and transport of colloids. In this review, we discuss how colloids, both suspended in the aqueous phase and attached at pore walls, interact with air‐water interfaces in porous media. We discuss the theory of colloid/air‐water interface interactions, based on the different forces acting between colloids and the air‐water interface (DLVO, hydrophobic, capillary forces) and based on thermodynamic considerations (Gibbs free energy). Subsurface colloids are usually electrostatically repelled from the air‐water interface because most subsurface colloids and the air‐water are negatively charged. However, hydrophobic interactions can lead to attraction to the air‐water interface. When colloids are at the air‐water interface, capillary forces are usually dominant over other forces. Moving air‐water interfaces are effective in mobilizing and transporting colloids from surfaces. Thermodynamic considerations show that, for a colloid, the air‐water interface is the favored state as compared with the suspension phase, except for hydrophilic colloids in the nanometer size range. Experimental evidence indicates that colloid mobilization in soils often occurs through macropores, although matrix transport is also prevalent in absence of macropores. Moving air‐water interfaces, e.g., occurring during infiltration, imbibition, or drainage, have been shown to scour colloids from surfaces and translocate colloids. Colloids can also be pinned to surfaces by thin water films and capillary menisci at the air‐water‐solid interface line, causing colloid retention and immobilization. Air‐water interfaces thus can both mobilize or immobilize colloids in porous media, depending on hydrodynamics and colloid and surface chemistry.
Appreciation of peer reviewers for 2016
Authors: Montanari Alberto , Bahr Jean , Blöschl Günter , Cai Ximing , Mackay D. Scott , Michalak Anna , Rajaram Harihar , Sanchez‐Vila Xavier
Published: June 2017

On behalf of the journal, the American Geophysical Union, and the scientific community, the editors would like to sincerely thank those who reviewed manuscripts for Water Resources Research in 2016. Their time spent reading and commenting on manuscripts not only improves the manuscripts themselves but also increases the scientific rigor of future research in the field. Many of those listed below went above and beyond and reviewed three or more manuscripts for our journal, and those are indicated in italics. Together, they contributed 3674 individual reviews of manuscripts submitted to Water Resources Research for consideration, of which 562 were eventually published. Thank you again. We look forward to a 2017 of exciting advances in the field and communicating those advances to our community and to the broader public.
Changes in Interviewers' Use of Supportive Techniques during the Revised Protocol Training
Authors: Hershkowitz Irit , Ahern Elizabeth C. , Lamb Michael E. , Blasbalg Uri , Karni‐Visel Yael , Breitman Michal
Published: June 2017

Summary: Although many children are reluctant to disclose abuse due to embarrassment, fear, and the anticipation of negative consequences, researchers have only recently begun to examine whether forensic interviewers can be trained to manage children's reluctance. In this study, the supportiveness of 53 experienced interviewers was assessed in their interviews with 321 3‐ to 14‐year‐old alleged victims, each conducted during the course of training to use the Revised Protocol (RP). The use of support increased, especially between levels evident at baseline and in the last two interviews assessed. Over time, instances of inadequate support and insensitivity to children's reluctance became less common. Younger children received proportionally more support, including inadequate support, than older children. The RP training did not affect the extensive use of free recall‐based questions. Findings highlight the benefits of continued supervision and training.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pain and Mortality in Older Adults: The Influence of Pain Phenotype
Authors: Smith Diane , Wilkie Ross , Croft Peter , McBeth John
Published: June 2017

Objective

Moderate to severe chronic pain affects 1 in 5 adults. Pain may increase the risk of mortality, but the relationship is unclear. This study investigated whether mortality risk was influenced by pain phenotype, characterized by pain extent or pain impact on daily life.

Methods

The study population was drawn from 2 large population cohorts of adults ages ≥50 years, the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (n = 6,324) and the North Staffordshire Osteoarthritis Project (n = 10,985). Survival analyses (Cox's proportional hazard models) estimated the risk of mortality in participants reporting any pain and then separately according to the extent of pain (total number of pain sites, widespread pain according to the American College of Rheumatology [ACR] criteria, and widespread pain according to Manchester criteria) and pain impact on daily life (pain interference and often troubled with pain). Models were cumulatively adjusted for age, sex, education, and wealth/adequacy of income.

Results

After adjustments, the report of any pain (mortality rate ratio [MRR] 1.06 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.95–1.19]) or having widespread pain (ACR 1.07 [95% CI 0.92–1.23] or Manchester 1.16 [95% CI 0.99–1.36]) was not associated with an increased risk of mortality. Participants who were often troubled with pain (MRR 1.29 [95% CI 1.12–1.49]) and those who reported quite a bit of pain interference (MRR 1.38 [95% CI 1.20–1.59]) and extreme pain interference (MRR 1.88 [1.54–2.29]) had an increased risk of all‐cause mortality.

Conclusion

Pain that interferes with daily life, rather than pain per se, was associated with an increased risk of mortality. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms through which pain increases mortality risk.
A Microvascular System for the Autonomous Regeneration of Large Scale Damage in Polymeric Coatings
Authors: Gergely Ryan C. R. , Rossol Michael N. , Tsubaki Sharon , Wang Jonathan , Sottos Nancy R. , White Scott R.
Published: June 2017

Self‐healing polymers are capable of self‐repair either in response to the damage or through external stimuli, but are limited in their ability to autonomously control the volume of healing agents released, in the length scale of damage they address, and in their ability to respond to multiple damage events. Here, the authors report a novel design for healing agent storage and release for vascular coating systems that allows for complete regeneration of a coating with precise and autonomous control of coating thickness. A variety of healing agent formulations that cure under ambient sunlight are explored and their cure profiles and mechanical properties are reported. In the proposed vascular coating system, the stored healing agent remains stable within the network until large‐scale damage (e.g., abrasion) completely removes the protective coating. A precise volume within the network is then released, and cures when exposed to simulated sunlight to reform the protective coating. This coating system facilitates consistent coating thickness and hardness for several cycles of coating removal and regeneration.
Neuro‐Nano Interfaces: Utilizing Nano‐Coatings and Nanoparticles to Enable Next‐Generation Electrophysiological Recording, Neural Stimulation, and Biochemical Modulation
Authors: Young Ashlyn T. , Cornwell Neil , Daniele Michael A.
Published: June 2017

Neural interfaces provide a window into the workings of the nervous system—enabling both biosignal recording and modulation. Traditionally, neural interfaces have been restricted to implanted electrodes to record or modulate electrical activity of the nervous system. Although these electrode systems are both mechanically and operationally robust, they have limited utility due to the resultant macroscale damage from invasive implantation. For this reason, novel nanomaterials are being investigated to enable new strategies to chronically interact with the nervous system at both the cellular and network level. In this feature article, the use of nanomaterials to improve current electrophysiological interfaces, as well as enable new nano‐interfaces to modulate neural activity via alternative mechanisms, such as remote transduction of electromagnetic fields are explored. Specifically, this article will review the current use of nanoparticle coatings to enhance electrode function, then an analysis of the cutting‐edge, targeted nanoparticle technologies being utilized to interface with both the electrophysiological and biochemical behavior of the nervous system will be provided. Furthermore, an emerging, specialized‐use case for neural interfaces will be presented: the modulation of the blood‐brain barrier.
3R MoS2 with Broken Inversion Symmetry: A Promising Ultrathin Nonlinear Optical Device
Authors: Shi Jia , Yu Peng , Liu Fucai , He Peng , Wang Rui , Qin Liang , Zhou Junbo , Li Xin , Zhou Jiadong , Sui Xinyu , Zhang Shuai , Zhang Yanfeng , Zhang Qing , Sum Tze Chien , Qiu Xiaohui , Liu Zheng , Liu Xinfeng
Published: June 2017

Nonlinear 2D layered crystals provide ideal platforms for applications and fundamental studies in ultrathin nonlinear optical (NLO) devices. However, the NLO frequency conversion efficiency constrained by lattice symmetry is still limited by layer numbers of 2D crystals. In this work, 3R MoS2 with broken inversion symmetry structure are grown and proved to be excellent NLO 2D crystals from monolayer (0.65 nm) toward bulk‐like (300 nm) dimension. Thickness and wavelength‐dependent second harmonic generation spectra offer the selection rules of appropriate working conditions. A model comprising of bulk nonlinear contribution and interface interaction is proposed to interpret the observed nonlinear behavior. Polarization enhancement with two petals along staggered stacking direction appears in 3R MoS2 is first observed and the robust polarization of 3R MoS2 crystal is caused by the retained broken inversion symmetry. The results provide a new arena for realizing ultrathin NLO devices for 2D layered materials.
DOSY Analysis of Micromolar Analytes: Resolving Dilute Mixtures by SABRE Hyperpolarization
Authors: Reile Indrek , Aspers Ruud L. E. G. , Tyburn Jean‐Max , Kempf James G. , Feiters Martin C. , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. , Tessari Marco
Published: June 2017

DOSY is an NMR spectroscopy technique that resolves resonances according to the analytes’ diffusion coefficients. It has found use in correlating NMR signals and estimating the number of components in mixtures. Applications of DOSY in dilute mixtures are, however, held back by excessively long measurement times. We demonstrate herein, how the enhanced NMR sensitivity provided by SABRE hyperpolarization allows DOSY analysis of low‐micromolar mixtures, thus reducing the concentration requirements by at least 100‐fold.
Ring‐opening polymerization of lactide, ε‐caprolactone and their copolymerization catalyzed by β‐diketiminate zinc complexes
Authors: Keram Maryam , Ma Haiyan
Published: June 2017

A series of zinc silylamido complexes bearing non‐symmetric β‐diketiminate ligands were synthesized and structurally characterized. Ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of rac‐lactide catalyzed by these zinc complexes afforded heterotactic polylactides at room temperature (Pr = 0.79 ~ 0.83 in THF). The steric and electronic characteristics of the ancillary ligands showed significant influence on the polymerization performance of the corresponding zinc complexes. All these zinc complexes also showed moderate activities toward the polymerization of ε‐caprolactone at ambient temperature in toluene, producing polycaprolactones (PCLs) with high molecular weights and moderate polydispersities. PCL‐b‐PLLA copolymers could be obtained via three different copolymerization strategies (one‐pot polymerization, and sequential addition of the two monomers in either order) by adopting complex 6 as the initiator through the adjustment of reaction temperatures. The diblock nature of the copolymers was confirmed by 13C NMR spectroscopy and DSC analysis.
Synthesis, characterization and biological properties of mixed ligand complexes of cobalt(II/III) valproate with 2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline and 1,10‐phenanthroline
Authors: Abu Shamma Amani , Abu Ali Hijazi , Kamel Shayma
Published: June 2017

The synthesis of mononuclear cobalt(II/III) complexes with two different ligands (complex 2: [Co(valp)2(2,9‐dmp)] and complex 3: [Co(valp)2(H2O)(1,10‐phen)]) was investigated and the characterization of both complexes was achieved using IR, UV–Vis, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Using single crystal X‐ray diffraction, the crystal structure of each of the complexes was determined. Additionally, the biological activity of these complexes was studied in five gram‐positive and four gram‐negative bacterial strains. Whereas in all gram‐negative bacteria tested, cobalt valproate complexes did not show any anti‐bacterial activity, both complexes had effects on gram positive bacteria. Complex 2 demonstrated good anti‐bacterial activity against all gram‐positive bacteria with inhibition zone diameter (IZD) ranging between 15–28 mm. Complex 3 exhibited low inhibition activity against all gram‐positive bacteria except E. faecalis with IZD ranging between 11.3–13.7 mm. Moreover, as an indication of its uses as industrial catalyst, the rate of bis(p‐nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP) hydrolysis when catalyzed by these complexes was measured at different temperatures, concentrations and pH. Complex 2 proved to be a better catalyst to induce the hydrolysis of BNPP.
Potential of commodity chemicals to become bio‐based according to maximum yields and petrochemical prices
Authors: Straathof Adrie J. J. , Bampouli Ariana
Published: June 2017

Carbohydrates are the prevailing biomass components available for bio‐based production. The most direct way to convert carbohydrates into commodity chemicals is by one‐step conversion at maximum theoretical yield, such as by anaerobic fermentation without side product formation. Considering these hypothetical yields and petrochemical prices in Europe in 2010–2014, a ranking of 58 commodity chemicals was made using a simple model with ethanol as a base case. It was concluded that base chemicals such as lower olefins and benzene‐toluene‐xylene (BTX) are too cheap and require too much carbohydrate to be produced competitively compared to bioethanol. However, more oxidized products that require multiple conversion steps in petrochemical production, such as adipic acid, acrylic acid, acrylate esters, and 1,4‐butanediol, can be produced competitively from carbohydrates if theoretical yields are approached and if processing is efficient. Instead of carbohydrate fermentation, hypothetical photochemical production from CO2 was also considered. Using again a simple model, the same commodity chemicals remained the most attractive ones. © 2017 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zug‐Schub‐Interaktion von puzzleförmigen Verbunddübelleisten
Authors: Claßen Martin , Adam Viviane , Kueres Dominik , Hegger Josef
Published: June 2017

In vielen Verbundkonstruktionen sind die Verbundmittel zwischen Stahl und Beton weder einer reinen Schub‐ noch einer reinen Zugbeanspruchung ausgesetzt, sondern werden durch kombiniert angreifende Zug‐ und Schubkräfte belastet. Während das Tragverhalten von Kopfbolzendübeln unter kombinierten Lasten umfänglich erforscht wurde und anhand von Modellen zuverlässig beschrieben werden kann, ist die kombinierte Beanspruchung von Verbunddübelleisten bisher weitestgehend ungeklärt. Zum Nachweis von Verbunddübelleisten unter kombinierten Zug‐Schub‐Lasten reichen die vorhandenen Bemessungsansätze für den reinen Schub und den reinen Zug nicht aus. Vielmehr ist die Interaktion beider Beanspruchungen durch Modelle zu erfassen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden daher systematische Untersuchungen zur Zug‐Schub‐Interaktion von Verbunddübelleisten vorgestellt. Anhand von Versuchen in einem neu entwickelten Versuchsstand und FE‐Berechnungen wird das Tragverhalten von Verbunddübelleisten unter kombinierten Lasten analysiert und ein Modellansatz zur Beschreibung der Zug‐Schub‐Interaktion hergeleitet.
Interindividual epigenetic variability: Sound or noise?
Authors: Tejedor J. Ramón , Fraga Mario F.
Published: June 2017

Interindividual variability is an inherent characteristic of biological systems. Whereas the underlying molecular sources of interindividual variability remain poorly understood, recent work by Ecker et al. (Ecker S, Chen L, Pancaldi V, Bagger FO, et al. 2017. Genome Biol 18: 18.) sheds light on the characterization of this phenomenon in a complex biological scenario. By combining data from the BLUEPRINT Epigenome Project with a novel analytical approach, these authors were able to measure the degree of transcriptional and epigenetic variability across a wide panel of samples and types of immune cell. Interestingly, neutrophils displayed increased variability compared to monocytes and T cells, which may be related to the crucial role of the former as an initial mediator of immune responses. Here we review recent literature in this area, and discuss some important issues raised by these innovative analyses. Furthermore, we summarize other potential sources of epigenetic variability, such as epigenetic drift and the epigenetic clock, as well as the current ongoing direction of the field.
Comparing resetting to non‐resetting DRO procedures to reduce stereotypy in a child with autism
Authors: Gehrman Chana , Wilder David A. , Forton Alexander P. , Albert Kristin
Published: June 2017

We compared a resetting to a non‐resetting differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) procedure to reduce stereotypy exhibited by young boy with autism. During the resetting DRO, a reinforcer was delivered contingent upon the absence of stereotypy during the DRO interval. If stereotypy occurred, the DRO interval was immediately reset. The non‐resetting DRO procedure was identical, except that contingent upon stereotypy, the DRO interval continued until it expired; a new DRO interval then began. Results indicate that the DRO procedures were equally effective to reduce stereotypy, but the participant preferred the resetting DRO procedure.
A switch‐off fluorescence probe towards Pb(II) and cu(II) ions based on a calix[4]pyrrole bearing amino‐quinoline group
Authors: Bhatt Keyur D. , Shah Hemangini D. , Panchal Manthan
Published: June 2017

A new fluorescence receptor calix[4]pyrrole‐N‐(quinoline‐8‐yl) acetamide (CAMQ) containing a pyrrolic ring connected via the meso‐position was synthesized, purified and characterized by elemental analysis, NMR and mass spectroscopy. This compound was examined for its fluorescence properties towards different metal ions e.g. Ag(I), Hg(II), Co(II), Ca(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cr(II), Ba(II), Fe(II), Cu(II), Pb(II)and Mg(II) ions by spectrophotometry and spectrofluorometry. It was concluded that the compound (CAMQ) possessed significantly enhanced selectivity for Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) even at very low concentrations (1 μM). It exhibit ‘turn‐on’ fluorescence when exposed to Pb(II) and Cu(II) and did so in preference to other metal ions. The binding constants, stoichiometry and quantum yields have been determined. The quenching mechanism was assessed using the Stern–Volmer equation and was also discussed.