bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Charge–velocity correlation transport equations in gas–solid flow with triboelectric effects
Authors: Montilla Carlos , Ansart Renaud , Simonin Olivier
Published: January 2023

This paper is dedicated to the development of particle charge and velocity second-order moment transport equations for monodisperse particles in gas flow with a tribocharging effect. The full transport equations for the particle charge–velocity covariance and the charge variance are derived in the framework of the kinetic theory of granular flow assuming that the electrostatic interaction does not modify the collision dynamics. The collision integrals are solved without presuming the form of the electric part for the particle probability density function. The full second-order transport equation model is tested in a one-dimensional periodic domain. The results show that this model is able to capture more important physical mechanisms that are neglected by simple algebraic models proposed in the past. An in-depth analysis of the transport equations is also performed. This study reveals that, for sufficiently small covariance characteristic destruction time scales, the transient and third-order moments terms can be safely neglected. In addition, two different reduced-order models are proposed: a more general algebraic model that takes into account the variance effect and a semi-algebraic model that only resolves a transport equation for the charge variance coupled with an algebraic model for the covariance. The former could, however, lead to non-physical predictions in many cases, while the latter can be a suitable alternative only for a sufficiently small interparticle collision time. Finally, a simple chart based on test case simulations is proposed to show under which conditions a semi-algebraic model could be considered as a suitable alternative.
Impulsive impact of a body fully submerged in an open container
Authors: Savchenko Y.N. , Ni B.-Y. , Savchenko G.Y. , Semenov Y.A.
Published: January 2023

An impulsively starting motion of a cylindrical body submerged below a calm water surface in an open container of arbitrary shape is considered. This work generalizes the case of an infinite-depth liquid studied by Semenov et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 919, 2021, R4). Particular attention is paid to the interaction between the body, the free surface and the container. The integral hodograph method is employed to derive the complex velocity potential in a parameter plane. The boundary-value problem is reduced to a system of integral equations, which is solved numerically. The velocity field, the pressure impulse on the body and the container wall and the added mass just after the impact are determined for a wide range of depths of submergence and container geometries and for various cross-sectional shapes of the body, such as a flat plate, a circle and a rectangle.
Global modes of variable-viscosity two-phase swirling flows and their triadic resonance
Authors: Schmidt S. , Oberleithner K.
Published: January 2023

The linear and nonlinear dynamics of two-phase swirling flows produced by the Grabowski–Berger profile under the influence of a viscosity stratification are investigated. We perform axisymmetric nonlinear simulations and fully three-dimensional linear global stability analysis of the flow for several swirl numbers

$S$

and viscosity ratios

$\tilde {\mu }$

. They are accompanied by nonlinear three-dimensional simulations and subsequent modal analysis using the bispectral mode decomposition, recently introduced by Schmidt (Nonlinear Dyn., vol. 102, issue 4, 2020, pp. 2479–2501). We find a pronounced destabilising effect of the viscosity stratification on both the onset of axisymmetric vortex breakdown and helical instability that is linked to the required shear stress continuity across the interface. Consequently, destabilisation is shifted to lower

$S$

as compared with an equivalent flow with uniform viscosity. Further, the stability analysis reveals the simultaneous destabilisation of two global modes with wavenumbers

$m=1$

and

$m=2$

that have harmonic frequencies. The analysis of the nonlinear flow reveals a strong triadic resonance between these modes that governs the nonlinear dynamics and leads to a rapid departure from the linear dynamics. At larger swirl, the bifurcation of additional modes initiates an interaction cascade by means of triadic resonance which is elucidated by the bispectral analysis. It leads to the emergence of a variety of additional modes in the nonlinear flow. This study contributes to an improved understanding of the influence of viscosity stratification on the onset of vortex breakdown and the destabilisation of global modes. Further, it provides a clear picture of the dynamics of swirling flows with a codimension-two point and related triadic interaction of two global modes at harmonic frequencies and wavenumbers.
Modelling moving contact lines on inextensible elastic sheets in two dimensions
Authors: Yao Jin , Zhang Zhen , Ren Weiqing
Published: January 2023

Elastocapillarity has attracted increasing interest in recent years due to its important roles in many industrial applications. In this work, we derive a thermodynamically consistent continuum model for the dynamics of two immiscible fluids on a thin and inextensible elastic sheet in two dimensions. With the sheet being modelled by a deformable curve with the Wilmore energy and local inextensibility constraint, we derive a two-phase hydrodynamics model with the interfacial and boundary conditions consistent with the second law of thermodynamics. In particular, the boundary conditions on the sheet and at the moving contact line take the form of force balances involving the fluid stress, surface tensions, the sheet bending force and sheet tension, as well as friction forces arising from the slip of fluids on the sheet. The resulting model obeys an energy dissipation law. To demonstrate its capability of modelling complex elastocapillary interactions, we consider two applications: (1) the relaxation dynamics of a droplet on an elastic sheet and (2) the transport of a droplet driven by bendotaxis in a channel bounded by elastic sheets. Numerical solutions for the coupled fluid–sheet dynamics are obtained using the finite element method. The detailed information provided by the full hydrodynamics model allows us to better understand the dynamical processes as compared to other simplified models that were used in previous work.
Plum supplementation and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Askarpour Moein , Ghalandari Hamid , Setayesh Leila , Ghaedi Ehsan
Published: January 2023

Plums are abundant in bioactive compounds which have been associated with numerous health benefits. In the present study, we aimed at examining the impact of plum supplementation on lipid profile of individuals. Electronic bibliographical databases were searched for relevant randomised clinical trials. Articles meeting our eligibility criteria were included for data extraction and final analysis. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was estimated using a random-effect model. Of the total articles retrieved in the initial search, nine articles were found to be eligible to be included in the analysis. Our results show that plum supplementation significantly improves total cholesterols levels in the unhealthy individuals. Moreover, plum supplementation reduces the LDL-c levels in the pooled sample (WMD = −11⋅52 mg/dl; 95 % CI −21⋅93, −1⋅11, P = 0⋅03, I2 = 98⋅7 %) and also in some of the subgroups of individuals (dried plum, unhealthy subjects, duration more than 8 weeks). Moreover, it had a significant reducing effect on TC levels just in unhealthy subjects. Although plum supplementation did not have any significant impact on serum levels of TG nor HDL-c. Our results show that supplementation with plums is potentially effective in reducing serum total cholesterol and LDL-c.
Apathy associated with antidepressant drugs: a systematic review
Authors: Masdrakis Vasilios G. , Markianos Manolis , Baldwin David S.
Published: January 2023

Objectives:

Administration of antidepressant drugs – principally selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) – may induce clinically significant ‘apathy’ which can affect treatment outcomes adversely. We aimed to review all relevant previous reports.

Methods:

We performed a PUBMED search of English-language studies, combining terms concerning psychopathology (e.g. apathy) and classes of antidepressants (e.g. SSRI).

Results:

According to certain inclusion (e.g. use of DSM/ICD diagnostic criteria) and exclusion (e.g. presence of a clinical condition that may induce apathy) criteria, 50 articles were eligible for review. Together, they suggest that administration of antidepressants – usually SSRIs – can induce an apathy syndrome or emotional blunting, i.e. a decrease in emotional responsiveness, to circumstances which would have triggered intense mood reactions prior to pharmacotherapy. The reported prevalence of antidepressant-induced apathy ranges between 5.8 and 50%, and for SSRIs ranges between 20 and 92%. Antidepressant-induced apathy emerges independently of diagnosis, age, and treatment outcome and appears dose-dependent and reversible. The main treatment strategy is dose reduction, though some data suggest the usefulness of treatment with olanzapine, bupropion, agomelatine or amisulpride, or the methylphenidate–modafinil–olanzapine combination.

Conclusion:

Antidepressant-induced apathy needs careful clinical attention. Further systematic research is needed to investigate the prevalence, course, aetiology, and treatment of this important clinical condition.
Comparison of the stellar populations of bulges and discs using the MaNGA survey
Authors: Lah Philip , Scott Nicholas , Barone Tania M. , Robotham A. S. G. , D’Eugenio Francesco , Colless Matthew , Casura Sarah
Published: January 2023

We use the MaNGA integral field spectroscopic survey of low-redshift galaxies to compare the stellar populations of the bulge and disc components, identified from their Sérsic profiles, for various samples of galaxies. Bulge-dominated regions tend to be more metal-rich and have slightly older stellar ages than their associated disc-dominated regions. The metallicity difference is consistent with the deeper gravitational potential in bulges relative to discs, which allows bulges to retain more of the metals produced by stars. The age difference is due to star formation persisting longer in discs relative to bulges. Relative to galaxies with lower stellar masses, galaxies with higher stellar masses tend to have bulge-dominated regions that are more metal-rich and older (in light-weighted measurements) than their disc-dominated regions. This suggests high-mass galaxies quench from the inside out, while lower-mass galaxies quench across the whole galaxy simultaneously. Early-type galaxies tend to have bulge-dominated regions the same age as their disc-dominated regions, while late-type galaxies tend to have disc-dominated regions significantly younger than their bulge-dominated regions. Central galaxies tend to have a greater metallicity difference between their bulge-dominated regions and disc-dominated regions than satellite galaxies at similar stellar mass. This difference may be explained by central galaxies being subject to mergers or extended gas accretion bringing new, lower-metallicity gas to the disc, thereby reducing the average metallicity and age of the stars; quenching of satellite discs may also play a role.
The Sabbath Observer, the Idiosyncratist, and the Religious Organization: How the EEOC Imagines Religion at Work
Authors: Weiner Isaac
Published: January 2023

Charged with enforcing Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission plays an overlooked but profoundly important role in shaping American religious life. While scholars of religion, law, and American culture have devoted a great deal of energy to analyzing the ways that federal courts define religion for the purposes of protecting it, they have paid less attention to the role of administrative agencies, like the EEOC. In this article, I argue that the private workplace offers a critical site for understanding how the state regulates and manages American religious life. I look to the EEOC's regulatory guidelines and compliance manuals as important sources for understanding the shifting relationship between religion, law, and work in the United States. I identify three modes of religiosity—or three types of religious actors—existing in tension in the EEOC archive, each bearing a distinct genealogy: the Sabbath Observer, the Idiosyncratist, and the Organization. While gesturing to very different notions of what religion is, the figures of the Idiosyncratist and the Organization both assume that demands of religion and work can be neatly reconciled. They presume that religion can be seamlessly integrated into the workplace without disrupting the functioning of capitalism. However, for those concerned about economic inequality, corporate power, and neoliberal working conditions, I suggest that it may be useful to revisit the EEOC's Sabbath Observer, who insists on the right to collective forms of life and value outside of work and the market.
Which Markets, Whose Rationality? Markets as Polyvalent Political Devices
Authors: REAMER ROBERT
Published: January 2023

This article explicates and critiques an understanding of markets that is dominant in much contemporary political theory. Drawing on the insights of new materialist economic sociology, it argues that the divide between “the political” and “the market” that grounds many recent analyses cannot ultimately be sustained. Conceptualizing markets not as abstract, impersonal mechanisms but as polyvalent assemblages, the paper develops a view of markets as material devices subject to a wide variety of political inflections and deployments. This understanding is then used to clarify some of the disputes between market-friendly neo-republican theorists and their critics. The article argues that markets are best conceptualized as political institutions (rather than as alternatives to politics). It commends an approach to political theorizing that moves beyond “pro-” and “antimarket” positions, focusing instead on the material details of market configurations and their consequences for agency and social power.
Revisiting Judicial Review of Constitutional Amendments in Bangladesh: Article 7B, the Asaduzzaman Case, and the Fall of the Basic Structure Doctrine
Authors: Ahmed Kawser
Published: January 2023

In 1989, the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, in the Anwar Hossain Chowdhury case, first embraced implicit unamendability or interpretative unamendability of the Constitution – that is, the basic structure doctrine. Since then, the basic structure or the basic feature doctrine has been recognised as the theoretical premise underpinning judicial review of constitutional amendments in Bangladesh. In 2011, the Parliament adopted Article 7B of the Constitution, which introduced explicit or codified unamendability of a substantial number of provisions of the Constitution. This article argues that with the adoption of Article 7B, the basic structure doctrine has lost its relevance as the most important normative tool for determining the validity of future constitutional amendments, and this was confirmed in the Asaduzzaman case, in which the parliamentary mechanism for the removal of Supreme Court judges was held unconstitutional on the basis of Article 7B of the Constitution. It is also argued that the reasoning provided in the majority opinion of the Asaduzzaman case is not entirely flawless.
Factor Associated with HIV/AIDS knowledge among males: Findings from 2017-18 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Nasir Jamal Abdul , Khan Muhammad Danish , Ahmed Zaidi Syed Arif
Published: January 2023

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (UNAIDS) has risen as the serious public health problem across the world. Knowledge about HIV/AIDS is the cornerstone for prevention and treatment. Research is needed to explore the attitude and the effect of different demographic, geographic, and socioeconomic and media exposure factors on males knowledge about HIV in Pakistan. In this study, latest secondary data are used from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017-18. Sample results show that the majority of the respondents (70%) have knowledge about AIDS. Regression Modeling reveals that man’s knowledge about HIV/AIDS is associated with age, place of residence, educational level, wealth index, ethnicity and media exposure factors. Males of age group 35-39, with higher education, belonging to Pukthon ethnicity, having exposure to mass media on a daily basis and belonging to richest wealth quintile has high Knowledge of HIV/AIDS. For example, the regression model predicts that men between the ages of 35 and 39 from Islamabad who live in urban areas, have higher education, are of Pukhtoon ethnicity, are the head of the household, belong to the richest quintile, work in professional occupations, and use media exposure factors on a daily basis would have probability of 97% of having knowledge of HIV/AIDS. But there is still need to focus to increase the men’s knowledge of HIV/AIDS.
Coordinated flight path planning for a fleet of missiles in high-risk areas
Authors: Babel Luitpold
Published: January 2023

This paper addresses the flight path planning problem for multiple missiles engaging stationary targets in high-risk areas. Targets protected by air defence are preferably engaged by a fleet or swarm of missiles, not individual missiles. The concept of a swarm attack is that a large number of approaching missiles overwhelm air defence. The deployment of missiles is often part of a broader mission including further participants. Flight path planning is then an integral element of mission planning, requiring strict timing coordination of all members involved. The flight times of the missiles are dictated by the master planning. We present algorithms for offline planning and online re-planning of flight paths for a fleet of missiles with flight time constraints. The algorithms are based on an advanced bidirectional RRT* algorithm that generates risk-minimizing flight paths with predefined flight times. Online planning generates the flight paths of the fleet sequentially, maintaining a safety distance between the missiles to prevent mutual collision. Offline planning uses a global optimization approach to determine an optimal selection of flight paths from a large set of potential paths. The selection is performed by a branch and bound algorithm that determines optimal cliques in the path compatibility graph. The optimization is embedded in an iterative algorithm that allows to successively improve the mission success.
Information, meaning and physics: The intellectual evolution of the English School of Information Theory during 1946-1956
Authors: Anta Javier
Published: January 2023

Argument

In this comparative historical analysis, we will analyze the intellectual tendency that emerged between 1946 and 1956 to take advantage of the popularity of communication theory to develop a kind of informational epistemology of statistical mechanics. We will argue that this tendency results from a historical confluence in the early 1950s of certain theoretical claims of the so-called English School of Information Theory, championed by authors such as Gabor (1956) or MacKay (1969), and from the attempt to extend the profound success of Shannon’s ([1948] 1993) technical theory of sign transmission to the field of statistical thermal physics. As a paradigmatic example of this tendency, we will evaluate the intellectual work of Léon Brillouin (1956), who, in the mid-fifties, developed an information theoretical approach to statistical mechanical physics based on a concept of information linked to the knowledge of the observer.
The Sum of Averages: An Egyptology-Proof Average View
Authors: Grill Kalle
Published: January 2023

Contemporary population ethics is dominated by views that aggregate by summing, whether of well-being or of some construct based on well-being. In contrast, average well-being is generally considered axiologically irrelevant. To many of us, however, the number of future people does not seem important, as long as it is sufficient to enable rich and varied life experiences, and as long as the population continues throughout time. It therefore seems relatively plausible to aggregate future well-being by averaging. In particular, it seems plausible to value high average well-being at any particular time, and to do so for all future times. I present a time-sensitive version of the Average View that underpins such axiological intuitions. I also address a series of issues and objections that confront such a view.
Exploring dimensions of social capital in relation to healthy eating behaviours in the US rural south
Authors: Antonacci Cerra C , Haardörfer Regine , Hermstad April K , Mayo-Gamble Tilicia L , Jacob Arriola Kimberly R , Kegler Michelle C
Published: January 2023

Objective:

This study examined relationships between dimensions of social capital (SC) (social trust, network diversity, social reciprocity and civic engagement) and fruit, vegetable, and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among rural adults. Potential moderators (neighbourhood rurality, food security, gender and race/ethnicity) were explored to develop a more nuanced understanding of the SC–healthy eating relationship.

Design:

Data were from a 2019 mailed population-based survey evaluating an eleven-county initiative to address health equity. Participants self-reported health behaviours, access to health-promoting resources and demographics. Logistic regression models were used to analyse relationships between predictors, outcomes and moderators.

Setting:

Five rural counties, Georgia, USA.

Participants:

1120 participants.

Results:

Among participants who lived in the country (as opposed to in town), greater network diversity was associated with consuming ≥ 3 servings of fruit (OR = 1·08; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·17, P = 0·029), yet among participants who lived in town, greater civic engagement was associated with consuming ≥ three servings of fruit (OR = 1·36; 95 % CI 1·11, 1·65, P = 0·003). Both food-secure and food-insecure participants with greater social reciprocity had lower odds of consuming 0 SSB (OR = 0·92; 95 % CI 0·86, 0·98, P = 0·014, OR = 0·92; 95 % CI 0·86, 0·99, P = 0·037, respectively). Men with greater social trust were more likely to consume 0 SSB (OR = 1·09; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·18, P = 0·038), and Whites with greater network diversity were more likely to meet daily vegetable recommendations (OR = 1·10; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·19, P = 0·028).

Conclusions:

Findings provide a basis for future qualitative research on potential mechanisms through which SC and related social factors influence healthy eating in rural communities.
Ruminations on the meaning and nature of ritual in the historical context of China–A theoretical attempt to understand the tribute system as a ritual in East Asia
Authors: Shaoyang Lin
Published: January 2023

The mainstream studies of the East Asian tributary system have been exhibiting a stance that tends to stress the importance of Confucianism in forming and sustaining the tributary system throughout its long history. However, there are still several questions (especially those of a theoretical nature) that historians have yet to answer: How could Confucianism have contributed to the formation and sustenance of this tributary system? Why could this Confucian-based tributary system be recognized and employed in relations with non-Confucian frontier tribes? Why could this system have worked with both the nomadic tribes on the northern frontier and the South-East Asian countries that were neither Confucian nor nomadic? Drawing on the results of ritual studies in anthropology, Chinese historiography and Chinese philosophy, this author seeks a broader methodology that can be used to conceptualize the tributary ritual and its constitutive power structure, which forms the foundation of the central part of the East Asian world order. This paper is a theoretical attempt to find a non-Sinocentric way to interpret the formally Sinocentric tribute system in premodern East Asia.
NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR DOMINATION RESULTS FOR PROPER SCORING RULES
Authors: PRUSS ALEXANDER R.
Published: January 2023

Scoring rules measure the deviation between a forecast, which assigns degrees of confidence to various events, and reality. Strictly proper scoring rules have the property that for any forecast, the mathematical expectation of the score of a forecast p by the lights of p is strictly better than the mathematical expectation of any other forecast q by the lights of p. Forecasts need not satisfy the axioms of the probability calculus, but Predd et al. [9] have shown that given a finite sample space and any strictly proper additive and continuous scoring rule, the score for any forecast that does not satisfy the axioms of probability is strictly dominated by the score for some probabilistically consistent forecast. Recently, this result has been extended to non-additive continuous scoring rules. In this paper, a condition weaker than continuity is given that suffices for the result, and the condition is proved to be optimal.
Messung von Stress im Studium
Authors: Brandt Jens , Kallus K. Wolfgang
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung: Eine neue Version des Erholungs-Belastungs-Fragebogens (EBF) für das Studium füllt die Lücke zwischen dem EBF für Kinder und Jugendliche und dem EBF für Berufstätige. Neue Subtests und Dimensionen für spezifische Beanspruchung und Erholung im Studium wurden entwickelt und validiert. Psychometrische Analysen an einer gepoolten Stichprobe von N = 281 Studierenden zeigten gute interne Konsistenzen der beiden Faktoren sowie der acht Dimensionen. Bei einer Stichprobe mit Messwiederholungen ( N = 111) erwiesen sich die Messwerte als stabil, insbesondere bei Messintervallen von bis zu zwei Wochen. Die Konstruktvalidität des EBF-Konzepts, mit zwei separaten, aber korrelierten Faktoren für Beanspruchung und Erholung, konnte bestätigt werden. Die Kriteriumsvalidierung wurde mit dem NEO-FFI, dem Stressverarbeitungsfragebogen SVF und einer Ein-Item-Einschätzung für subjektiven Stress geprüft. Eine Kurzversion wird ebenfalls vorgestellt, diese kann für Screening-Zwecke verwendet werden.
Erfassung mentaler Rotationsleistungen im Grundschulalter
Authors: Bott Heike , Poltz Nadine , Ehlert Antje
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung: Die mentalen Rotationsleistungen als eine Komponente visuell-räumlicher Fähigkeiten stehen in enger Verbindung zur mathematischen Entwicklung sowie zum schulischen und beruflichen Erfolg in den MINT-Fächern. Daneben werden geringe mentale Rotationsleistungen bei Kindern mit einer Lese-Rechtschreibstörung diskutiert. Derzeit ist kein Messinstrument für den Schuleingangsbereich verfügbar, welches sowohl die Lösungsgenauigkeit als auch die Reaktionszeit misst und den allgemeinen Kriterien der Psychometrie (Objektivität, Validität und Reliabilität) entspricht. Anliegen der vorgelegten Untersuchung ist es, diese Lücke zu schließen. In zwei Studien wurde ein computerbasiertes Testverfahren für Schulkinder bis zur dritten Klassenstufe entwickelt, welches die Besonderheiten bei der Erfassung mentaler Rotationsleistungen junger Kinder berücksichtigt. Die vorgenommenen testtheoretischen Betrachtungen an 300 Grundschulkindern waren zufriedenstellend. Die Daten konnten wesentliche Befunde der Literatur bestätigen und wurden kritisch diskutiert. Mit dem cMR liegt nun ein ökonomisches chronometrisches Testverfahren zur Erfassung mentaler Rotationsleistungen vor, welches bereits bei Kindern ab der ersten Klasse einsetzbar ist.
Dissolved Carbon Export by Large River Systems Is Influenced by Source Area Heterogeneity
Authors: Stets E. G. , Striegl R. G. , Wickland K. P. , Dornblaser M. , Foks S.
Published: January 2023

Rivers and streams export inorganic and organic carbon derived from contributing landscapes and so downstream carbon fluxes are important quantitative indicators of change in ecosystem function and for the full accounting of terrestrial carbon budgets. Carbon concentration‐discharge (C‐Q) relationships in rivers provide important information about carbon source and behavior in watersheds and are useful for estimating carbon export. However, C‐Q relationships are complex in large river systems because of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in carbon dynamics across the watershed and river networks. We quantified dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fluxes in the Upper Mississippi River basin and investigated their relationships with land cover and hydrology. The magnitude of dissolved carbon yields ranged widely among stations, 0.6–5.7 g DOC m−2 yr−1 and 2.9–11.8 g DIC m−2 yr−1. Spatial patterns in carbon fluxes were strongly related to land cover, with agricultural sites having high DIC/low DOC exports and forested and wetland areas having the opposite. DIC was always negatively related to discharge (Q), while the DOC‐Q relationship varied with land cover. Differential behavior of carbon across the basin resulted in Q having a weak relationship with DOC and DIC at the basin outlet. Hence, there is a need to improve understanding of headwater terrestrial‐to‐aquatic carbon connections in order to improve basin‐to‐continental‐scale carbon export estimates. Our results demonstrate that quantitative understanding of carbon export by large rivers can be improved by incorporating stream network information, such as the timing, location, and source of constituent flux, rather than relying solely upon relationships between constituent behavior and seasonality or discharge at the basin outlet.
Low‐Temperature Thermochronologic Response to Magmatic Reheating: Insights From the Takab Metallogenic District of NW Iran, (Arabia‐Eurasia Collision Zone)
Authors: Biralvand Masoud , Ballato Paolo , Balestrieri Maria Laura , Mohajjel Mohammad , Sobel Edward R. , Dunkl Istvan , Montegrossi Giordano , Ghassemi Mohammad R. , Glodny Johannes , Strecker Manfred R.
Published: January 2023

The interpretation of low‐temperature thermochronology (LTT) data in magmatic and metallogenic provinces requires a knowledge of the geothermal field through time. There, the challenge is differentiating rapid cooling following transient perturbations of the geotherms (reheating) from exhumational cooling induced by erosion during tectonic uplift or normal faulting. The Takab Range Complex (NW Iran) is a basement‐cored range of the Arabia‐Eurasia collision zone that experienced voluminous Eocene to Miocene magmatism and mineralization. Our new apatite and zircon (U‐Th‐Sm)/He and apatite fission track data, together with field observations, a dedicated numerical thermal model, and a re‐evaluation of available geochronology data document the occurrence of a complex geological and thermal history including: (a) late Cretaceous‐Paleocene exhumation possibly controlled by regional contractional deformation followed by Eocene deposition; (b) Oligocene to possibly early Miocene (29 to 22–20 Ma) exhumation of basement rocks from 13 to 8 km of depth, most likely through normal faulting during a thermal anomaly that led to migmatization and partial melting; (c) early to late Miocene (∼22–20 or earlier to 11–10 Ma) regional subsidence with deposition of an up to ∼2‐ to 3‐km‐thick Oligo‐Miocene sedimentary sequence in association with the emplacement of shallow intrusions, which led to a partial to total reset of our LTT systems sometime between 18 and 13 Ma; and (e) erosional exhumation after 11–10 Ma with the development of a transpressional system and a master, right‐lateral, strike slip fault (Chahartagh Fault). Our data highlights the impact of magmatic reheating on LTT ages in areas affected by intense magmatism.
The Effect of Sediment Storage in Glaciated Catchments on Multimineral Detrital Geochronology: Deciphering Conflicting Zircon and Apatite U‐Pb Dates
Authors: Jess Scott , Enkelmann Eva , Matthews William
Published: January 2023

Detrital geochronology and thermochronology are widely used to study erosion and the exhumation of rocks. In glaciated landscapes, these studies have shown exhumation to be highly heterogeneous; however, these studies have typically only applied apatite low‐temperature thermochronology, a mineral prone to mechanical and chemical breakdown, and a method with lower precision or data dispersion. As such, it is unclear if the detrital apatite signal represents derivation from the entire catchment. In this study, we present both zircon and apatite U‐Pb dates from a modern detrital sample of the Saco River, New Hampshire, USA. The river flows through a catchment that was highly modified during the last glacial maximum. The underlying geology is characterized by two contrasting groups from different eras; Palaeozoic metasediments and granites, and Mesozoic granitoids. Zircon U‐Pb dates are consistent with near‐uniform erosion of the catchment, encompassing both Proterozoic–Palaeozoic and Jurassic–Cretaceous grains consistent with the catchment's geology. However, detrital apatite U‐Pb dates are predominantly Palaeozoic. Detrital U‐Pb modeling shows that zircon grains are indeed derived from erosion of the entire catchment, while apatites likely originate from areas at high elevation. This stark contrast in ages likely indicates apatite's fragility. Dissolution resulting from acidic soils in the river's catchment is a likely cause, though mechanical breakdown during transport is also possible. As such, the detrital apatite signal appears to only record erosion from the modern fluvial system, while zircon represents a combination of uniform erosion during glaciation and the modern fluvial system. These findings imply the detrital apatite signal is prone to significant modification in areas of sediment storage and acidic soils with implications for sediment generation in other formerly glaciated landscapes worldwide.
MSCs-derived apoptotic extracellular vesicles promote muscle regeneration by inducing Pannexin 1 channel-dependent creatine release by myoblasts
Authors: Ye Qingyuan , Qiu Xinyu , Wang Jinjin , Xu Boya , Su Yuting , Zheng Chenxi , Gui Linyuan , Yu Lu , Kuang Huijuan , Liu Huan , He Xiaoning , Ma Zhiwei , Wang Qintao , Jin Yan
Published: January 2023

Severe muscle injury is hard to heal and always results in a poor prognosis. Recent studies found that extracellular vesicle-based therapy has promising prospects for regeneration medicine, however, whether extracellular vesicles have therapeutic effects on severe muscle injury is still unknown. Herein, we extracted apoptotic extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs-ApoEVs) to treat cardiotoxin induced tibialis anterior (TA) injury and found that MSCs-ApoEVs promoted muscles regeneration and increased the proportion of multinucleated cells. Besides that, we also found that apoptosis was synchronized during myoblasts fusion and MSCs-ApoEVs promoted the apoptosis ratio as well as the fusion index of myoblasts. Furthermore, we revealed that MSCs-ApoEVs increased the relative level of creatine during myoblasts fusion, which was released via activated Pannexin 1 channel. Moreover, we also found that activated Pannexin 1 channel was highly expressed on the membrane of myoblasts-derived ApoEVs (Myo-ApoEVs) instead of apoptotic myoblasts, and creatine was the pivotal metabolite involved in myoblasts fusion. Collectively, our findings firstly revealed that MSCs-ApoEVs can promote muscle regeneration and elucidated that the new function of ApoEVs as passing inter-cell messages through releasing metabolites from activated Pannexin 1 channel, which will provide new evidence for extracellular vesicles-based therapy as well as improving the understanding of new functions of extracellular vesicles.
Artificial optical synaptic devices with ultra-low power consumption
Authors: Li Guoqiang
Published: January 2023

A BP/CdS heterostructure-based artificial photonic synapse with an ultra-low power consumption is proposed, presenting great potential in high-performance neuromorphic vision systems.
Control of plastid inheritance by environmental and genetic factors
Authors: Chung Kin Pan , Gonzalez-Duran Enrique , Ruf Stephanie , Endries Pierre , Bock Ralph
Published: January 2023

The genomes of cytoplasmic organelles (mitochondria and plastids) are maternally inherited in most eukaryotes, thus excluding organellar genomes from the benefits of sexual reproduction and recombination. The mechanisms underlying maternal inheritance are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that two independently acting mechanisms ensure maternal inheritance of the plastid (chloroplast) genome. Conducting large-scale genetic screens for paternal plastid transmission, we discovered that mild chilling stress during male gametogenesis leads to increased entry of paternal plastids into sperm cells and strongly increased paternal plastid transmission. We further show that the inheritance of paternal plastid genomes is controlled by the activity of a genome-degrading exonuclease during pollen maturation. Our data reveal that (1) maternal inheritance breaks down under specific environmental conditions, (2) an organelle exclusion mechanism and a genome degradation mechanism act in concert to prevent paternal transmission of plastid genes and (3) plastid inheritance is determined by complex gene–environment interactions.
Reconstruction of hundreds of reference ancestral genomes across the eukaryotic kingdom
Authors: Muffato Matthieu , Louis Alexandra , Nguyen Nga Thi Thuy , Lucas Joseph , Berthelot Camille , Roest Crollius Hugues
Published: January 2023

Ancestral sequence reconstruction is a fundamental aspect of molecular evolution studies and can trace small-scale sequence modifications through the evolution of genomes and species. In contrast, fine-grained reconstructions of ancestral genome organizations are still in their infancy, limiting our ability to draw comprehensive views of genome and karyotype evolution. Here we reconstruct the detailed gene contents and organizations of 624 ancestral vertebrate, plant, fungi, metazoan and protist genomes, 183 of which are near-complete chromosomal gene order reconstructions. Reconstructed ancestral genomes are similar to their descendants in terms of gene content as expected and agree precisely with reference cytogenetic and in silico reconstructions when available. By comparing successive ancestral genomes along the phylogenetic tree, we estimate the intra- and interchromosomal rearrangement history of all major vertebrate clades at high resolution. This freely available resource introduces the possibility to follow evolutionary processes at genomic scales in chronological order, across multiple clades and without relying on a single extant species as reference.
Gender inequality and self-publication are common among academic editors
Authors: Liu Fengyuan , Holme Petter , Chiesa Matteo , AlShebli Bedoor , Rahwan Talal
Published: January 2023

Scientific editors shape the content of academic journals and set standards for their fields. Yet, the degree to which the gender makeup of editors reflects that of scientists, and the rate at which editors publish in their own journals, are not entirely understood. Here, we use algorithmic tools to infer the gender of 81,000 editors serving more than 1,000 journals and 15 disciplines over five decades. Only 26% of authors in our dataset are women, and we find even fewer women among editors (14%) and editors-in-chief (8%). Career length explains the gender gap among editors, but not editors-in-chief. Moreover, by analysing the publication records of 20,000 editors, we find that 12% publish at least one-fifth, and 6% publish at least one-third, of their papers in the journal they edit. Editors-in-chief tend to self-publish at a higher rate. Finally, compared with women, men have a higher increase in the rate at which they publish in a journal soon after becoming its editor.
Modelling individual and cross-cultural variation in the mapping of emotions to speech prosody
Authors: van Rijn Pol , Larrouy-Maestri Pauline
Published: January 2023

The existence of a mapping between emotions and speech prosody is commonly assumed. We propose a Bayesian modelling framework to analyse this mapping. Our models are fitted to a large collection of intended emotional prosody, yielding more than 3,000 minutes of recordings. Our descriptive study reveals that the mapping within corpora is relatively constant, whereas the mapping varies across corpora. To account for this heterogeneity, we fit a series of increasingly complex models. Model comparison reveals that models taking into account mapping differences across countries, languages, sexes and individuals outperform models that only assume a global mapping. Further analysis shows that differences across individuals, cultures and sexes contribute more to the model prediction than a shared global mapping. Our models, which can be explored in an online interactive visualization, offer a description of the mapping between acoustic features and emotions in prosody.
Laser-guided lightning
Authors: Houard Aurélien , Walch Pierre , Produit Thomas , Moreno Victor , Mahieu Benoit , Sunjerga Antonio , Herkommer Clemens , Mostajabi Amirhossein , Andral Ugo , André Yves-Bernard , Lozano Magali , Bizet Laurent , Schroeder Malte C. , Schimmel Guillaume , Moret Michel , Stanley Mark , Rison W. A. , Maurice Oliver , Esmiller Bruno , Michel Knut , Haas Walter , Metzger Thomas , Rubinstein Marcos , Rachidi Farhad , Cooray Vernon , Mysyrowicz André , Kasparian Jérôme , Wolf Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2023

Lightning discharges between charged clouds and the Earth’s surface are responsible for considerable damages and casualties. It is therefore important to develop better protection methods in addition to the traditional Franklin rod. Here we present the first demonstration that laser-induced filaments—formed in the sky by short and intense laser pulses—can guide lightning discharges over considerable distances. We believe that this experimental breakthrough will lead to progress in lightning protection and lightning physics. An experimental campaign was conducted on the Säntis mountain in north-eastern Switzerland during the summer of 2021 with a high-repetition-rate terawatt laser. The guiding of an upward negative lightning leader over a distance of 50 m was recorded by two separate high-speed cameras. The guiding of negative lightning leaders by laser filaments was corroborated in three other instances by very-high-frequency interferometric measurements, and the number of X-ray bursts detected during guided lightning events greatly increased. Although this research field has been very active for more than 20 years, this is the first field-result that experimentally demonstrates lightning guided by lasers. This work paves the way for new atmospheric applications of ultrashort lasers and represents an important step forward in the development of a laser based lightning protection for airports, launchpads or large infrastructures.
Pathogenic variant detection rate by whole exome sequencing in Thai patients with biopsy-proven focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Isaranuwatchai Suramath , Chanakul Ankanee , Ittiwut Chupong , Ittiwut Rungnapa , Srichomthong Chalurmpon , Shotelersuk Vorasuk , Suphapeetiporn Kanya , Praditpornsilpa Kearkiat
Published: January 2023

The spectra of underlying genetic variants for various clinical entities including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) vary among different populations. Here we described the clinical and genetic characteristics of biopsy-proven FSGS patients in Thailand. Patients with FSGS pathology, without secondary causes, were included in our study. Clinical laboratory and pathological data were collected. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was subsequently performed. 53 unrelated FSGS patients were recruited. 35 patients were adults (66.0%), and 51 patients were sporadic cases (96.2%). Clinical diagnosis before kidney biopsy was steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) in 58.5%, and proteinuric chronic kidney disease in 32.1%. Using WES, disease-associated pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants could be identified in six patients including the two familial cases, making the P/LP detection rate of 11.3% (6/53). Of these six patients, two patients harbored novel variants with one in the COL4A4 gene and one in the MAFB gene. Four other patients carried previously reported variants in the CLCN5, LMX1B, and COL4A4 genes. Four of these patients (4/6) received immunosuppressive medications as a treatment for primary FSGS before genetic diagnosis. All four did not respond to the medications, emphasizing the importance of genetic testing to avoid unnecessary treatment. Notably, the mutation detection rates in adult and pediatric patients were almost identical, at 11.4% and 11.1%, respectively. In conclusion, the overall P/LP variant detection rate by WES in biopsy-proven FSGS patients was 11.3%. The most identified variants were in COL4A4. In addition, three novel variants associated with FSGS were detected.
Modelling the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the spread of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Althobaity Yehya , Tildesley Michael J.
Published: January 2023

Countries around the world have implemented a series of interventions to contain the pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and significant lessons can be drawn from the study of the full transmission dynamics of the disease caused by—severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)—in the Eastern, Madinah, Makkah, and Riyadh regions of Saudi Arabia, where robust non-pharmaceutical interventions effectively suppressed the local outbreak of this disease. On the basis of 333732 laboratory-confirmed cases, we used mathematical modelling to reconstruct the complete spectrum dynamics of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia between 2 March and 25 September 2020 over 5 periods characterised by events and interventions. Our model account for asymptomatic and presymptomatic infectiousness, time-varying ascertainable infection rate, and transmission rates. Our results indicate that non-pharmaceutical interventions were effective in containing the epidemic, with reproduction numbers decreasing on average to 0.29 (0.19–0.66) in the Eastern, Madinah, Makkah, and Riyadh region. The chance of resurgence after the lifting of all interventions after 30 consecutive days with no symptomatic cases is also examined and emphasizes the danger presented by largely hidden infections while switching control strategies. These findings have major significance for evaluating methods for maintaining monitoring and interventions to eventually reduce outbreaks of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia in the future.