bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using a Novel Green Index to Support Ecosystem Services in a Megacity
Authors: Sant’Anna Neto Analder , Lana Artur Queiroz , Lucas Fernanda Moura Fonseca , Ucella-Filho João Gilberto Meza , Polizel Jefferson Lordello , da Silva Filho Demóstenes Ferreira , Gonçalves Antonio Natal , Dias Júnior Ananias Francisco
Published: August 2023

We present a novel and efficient approach that enables the evaluation of environmental quality in cities worldwide using high-resolution satellite imagery, based on a new green index (GI) through multivariate analysis, to compare the proportion of urban green spaces (UGSs) with built and impervious surfaces. High-resolution images were used to perform a supervised classification of 25 districts in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Only 11 districts showed higher urban forests, green spaces, green index, and green vs. built values, and impervious surface proportions with lower impervious and built spaces. On the other hand, the remaining districts had higher population densities and unfavorable conditions for urban ecosystem development. In some cases, urban green spaces were three-times smaller than the built and impervious surfaces, and none of the districts attained a high green quality index (0.75 to 1). Artificial intelligence techniques improved the precise identification of land cover, particularly vegetation, such as trees, shrubs, and grasses. The development of a novel green index, using multivariate statistical analysis, enhanced positive interactions among soil cover classes, emphasizing priority areas for enhancing environmental quality. Most of them should be prioritized by decision makers due to the low environmental quality, as identified by the low green index and worse ecosystem services, well-being, and health outcomes. The method can be employed in many other cities to enhance urban ecosystem quality, well-being, and health. The green index and supervised classification can characterize pastures, degraded forest fragments, and guide forest restoration techniques in diverse landscapes.
MicroRNA Identification and Integrated Network Analyses for Age-Dependent Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba
Authors: Lu Jinkai , Mao Xinyu , Xu Yuan , Liu Sian , Wang Li
Published: August 2023

Ginkgo biloba leaves contain abundant flavonoids, and flavonoid accumulation is affected by age. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the plant aging pathway. However, the miRNAs involved in flavonoid biosynthesis related to age in G. biloba have rarely been studied. In this study, we compared 1-, 4-, and 7-year-old ginkgo seedings and found a significant decrease in the content of quercetin, kaempferol, and total flavonol aglycones with age. We then profiled miRNAs in G. biloba through high-throughput sequencing on leaf samples of 1-, 4-, and 7-year-old ginkgo. GO and KEGG analyses suggest that photosynthesis and hormones may influence the flavonoid content. In particular, we identified 29 miRNAs related to the aging pathway according to their miRNA expression patterns. Correlation analysis of age-related miRNAs and major flavonoid compounds screened 17 vital miRNAs, including miRN79, miR535a, miR166a, miR171a, and miR396. Interactive miRNA-transcription factor network analysis suggested that the pivotal miRN79-DELLA and miR535a-SPL modules may be involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and aging pathways through post-transcriptional regulation. Our findings provide insights into the age-dependent regulatory roles of miRNAs in flavonoid biosynthesis.
Effects of Nitrogen Addition on the Growth and Physiology of Populus deltoides Seedlings under Cd and Mn Pollution
Authors: Wang Xue , Hao Linting , Mi Jiaxuan , Yin Man , Xing Cailan , Wan Xueqin , Zhang Fan , Yang Hanbo , He Fang , Hu Hongling , Chen Lianghua
Published: August 2023

Both nitrogen (N) deposition and heavy metal pollution are important environmental concerns that threaten ecosystem stability and ecological safety. Limited research has been conducted on the effects of N deposition on the physiological processes and allocation patterns of heavy metals (HMs) in poplars, especially under combined pollution. In our study, we used Populus deltoides as a model to investigate the effects of two levels of N addition (LN, 6 g N·m−2·a−1; HN, 12 g N·m−2·a−1) on growth, activities of antioxidant enzymes, profiles of low-molecular-weight organic acids, as well as accumulation and allocation of HMs among different organs and root orders under single Cd (30 mg kg−1) or Mn pollution (168.6 mg kg−1), and their combination. The effects of N addition depended on the dosage effects of N and the types of HMs. The combined pollution did not have more negative effects on overall growth and oxidative damage in the root tips of P. deltoides compared to single Cd or Mn pollution. Both levels of N deposition, especially LN, promoted growth in P. deltoides to varying extents under all HM pollution conditions. However, N addition only mitigated oxidative damage to the fine roots under Cd-containing pollution, which may be attributed to higher levels of low-molecular-weight organic acids such as citric acid and malic acid. In contrast, HN decreased the levels of key organic acids, such as lactic acid and pantothenic acid, potentially exacerbating Mn toxicity under Mn pollution. Both levels of N addition decreased the total amount of Cd accumulated in P. deltoides under Cd pollution alone but increased the accumulation of Cd in combined pollution (especially under LN). However, under Mn-containing pollution, the addition of N increased the accumulation of Mn and its transfer to leaves, potentially aggravating Mn toxicity. Therefore, N deposition, especially under HN, may lead to more severe HM stress for plants in soils polluted by combined Cd and Mn.
Development of a Phenology Model for Egg Hatching of Walking-Stick Insect, Ramulus mikado (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae) in Korea
Authors: Kim Min-Jung , Kim Keonhee E. , Son Seulki , Park Yonghwan , Nam Youngwoo , Jung Jong-Kook
Published: August 2023

The walking-stick insect Ramulus mikado is occasionally considered a forest pest, as its mass occurrence can cause severe defoliation. It overwinters as eggs on the ground surface, and the hatched nymphs climb up to the host trees in spring. In this study, temperature-dependent development experiments were performed on R. mikado eggs under three constant temperatures (23.3, 28.3, and 29.2 °C) to extend the previously reported thermal response. The development times of eggs collected in summer and winter were also compared to investigate how development status is influenced by the seasons. The lower and upper developmental thresholds and thermal constants of R. mikado eggs were estimated to be 6.1 °C, 29.2 °C, and 1707.8 DD, respectively. The starting point for effective temperature effects on the eggs was estimated to be 1 August, based on the results of the experiment on field-collected eggs. A phenology model was constructed by using a development completion model scaled by the thermal constant, with a starting point of degree-day accumulation. The model showed good agreement, with a deviation of 3.2 ± 2.95 days between prediction and observation. The developed phenology model is useful for determining the appropriate timing for management decision-making regarding this insect.
Organic Inputs Positively Alter the Bacteriome of Post-Agricultural Soils
Authors: Malewski Tadeusz , Borowik Piotr , Golińska Patrycja , Okorski Adam , Olejarski Ireneusz , Oszako Tomasz
Published: August 2023

Agriculture can degrade soils and reduce microbial diversity. The reduction in microbial diversity of degraded soils is due to their long-term agricultural use. In most cases, such areas are afforested but rarely succeed in converting them into first-generation pine forests without adequately revitalizing the soils and restoring the natural relationships characteristic of forest habitats. This is possible thanks to the positive changes in soil biodiversity. To facilitate and enhance this phenomenon in the present experiment, various forms of organic matter were added to the soil: pine bark compost scattered on the soil surface (BCS) or placed under the roots of the seedlings at planting (BCR), woody debris (WW) and sawdust (S), while the control plot was not treated. The studies started in 2001 on two experimental plots, a poorer one in Bielsk and a more fertile one in Czarne Człuchowskie (eastern and northern Poland, respectively). The following year, 2-year-old pine seedlings (Pinus sylvestris L.) were planted on the plots. After 20 years, the physicochemical properties of the soil and its microbial composition were determined and compared with the control. The results encourage the use of organic matter for established pine forest crops on post-agricultural land for revitalization: C, N, and P content increased both in the organic layer and in the topsoil (up to 40 cm), where most fine roots are located. The total content of exchangeable base cations (Ca, Mg, K) and the sorption capacity of the soils (a measure of the ion binding capacity of the soil) also improved. The genetic analyses carried out using the molecular method (NGS) showed positive changes in the composition of the soil microbiome. Compared to poorer soil conditions in richer habitats, the number of taxa increases when organic matter is added, leading to significant qualitative changes in the bacteriome. The addition of organic material from the forest had a positive effect on the bacterial communities, which in turn accelerated the changes in the diversity of bacteriomes characteristic of agricultural soils and brought them closer to the forest ecosystem. The organic horizon was restored, and at the same time, the biodiversity of the soil microbiome increased, which is important for the health and sustainability of pine stands on formerly agricultural land.
Joint Multi-Optimization of an Extremophilic Microbial Bioanode for Mitigation of Mixed Hazardous Azo Dyes in Textile Synthetic Wastewater
Authors: Saadaoui Sirine , Erable Benjamin , Etchevery Luc , Cherif Ameur , Chouchane Habib
Published: August 2023

Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), rather than physicochemical processes, are used for wastewater remediation, electricity production, and zero carbon dioxide emission. Textile effluents contain organic and inorganic compounds that can fuel BESs. The main goal of this study was to understand the interplay between the anode material, its surface area, the potential applied to the working electrode (WE), and the concentration of the co-substrate, and how these factors lead to the formation of highly efficient thermohalophilic bioanodes (THB) retrieved from Chott El Djerid (SCD) hypersaline sediment for the treatment of synthetic textile wastewater. To this end, twenty-seven bioanode formation experiments were designed using a Box-Behnken matrix and response surface methodology to understand concomitant interactions. All experiments were conducted in electrochemical reactors of final volume 750 mL inoculated with 80% of enrichment medium containing three azo dyes at a concentration of 300 ppm and 20% of biocatalyst microbial SCD source, at 45 °C. The optimal levels were predicted using NemrodW software as carbon felt (CF) anode material, 6 cm2 anode surface, 7 g/L glucose concentration, and −0.1 V applied potential. These theoretical results were experimentally validated, using maximum current output of 5.23 ± 0.30 A/m2, decolorization rate of 100%, and a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate of 96 ± 1%. Illumina Miseq results revealed that bacterial community harbored the bioanode was dominated at phylum level by Firmicutes (67.1%). At the species level, the biofilm was mainly colonized by Orenia metallireducens species (59.5%). Obtained findings show a promising application of THB in the degradation of recalcitrant molecules as well as for the energy recovery.
Reduced Sodium in White Brined Cheese Production: Artificial Neural Network Modeling for the Prediction of Specific Properties of Brine and Cheese during Storage
Authors: Lisak Jakopović Katarina , Barukčić Jurina Irena , Marušić Radovčić Nives , Božanić Rajka , Jurinjak Tušek Ana
Published: August 2023

Background: White brined cheese is one of the most frequently consumed cheeses that is accepted among a large group of consumers, which is largely related to its unique sensory properties, which are characterized by specific technological processes including ripening in the brine. Thus, white brined cheese contains a high amount of NaCl, and frequent consumption might lead to excessive sodium intake, which nowadays, presents a global problem. Consequently, food industries have developed reduced sodium products by substitutional salts. Furthermore, various studies have indicated that increased sodium intake via the diet can be associated with cardiovascular diseases, a risk of digestive system cancer, obesity, and other conditions. Calcium salts (citrate and lactate) are safe for human health and can be added to various foods according to the quantum satis rule. The present study aimed to partially replace NaCl with Ca-citrate and Ca-lactate in proportions of 25% and 50%. Additionally, the study presents the possibility of applying Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models for the prediction of some brine and cheese properties. Methods: White brined cheese with substitutional salts in brine (25% and 50% Ca-citrate and 25% and 50% Ca-lactate) were produced and compared to the control cheese ripened in conventionally applied NaCl brine. The acidity, total dissolved solids, salt amount, conductivity, color, and textural and sensory properties were determined over the 28 days of cold storage. Results: The substitution of NaCl with Ca-citrate and Ca-lactate is promising for sodium reduction in white brined cheese, whereby the physical and chemical properties remain acceptable. The best sensory score gain occurred with a substitution of 25% NaCl with Ca-citrate. Furthermore, ANN models can be employed to predict brine and cheese properties during storage.
Prospects of Cybersecurity in Smart Cities
Authors: Almeida Fernando
Published: August 2023

The complex and interconnected infrastructure of smart cities offers several opportunities for attackers to exploit vulnerabilities and carry out cyberattacks that can have serious consequences for the functioning of cities’ critical infrastructures. This study aims to address this phenomenon and characterize the dimensions of security risks in smart cities and present mitigation proposals to address these risks. The study adopts a qualitative methodology through the identification of 62 European research projects in the field of cybersecurity in smart cities, which are underway during the period from 2022 to 2027. Compared to previous studies, this work provides a comprehensive view of security risks from the perspective of multiple universities, research centers, and companies participating in European projects. The findings of this study offer relevant scientific contributions by identifying 7 dimensions and 31 sub-dimensions of cybersecurity risks in smart cities and proposing 24 mitigation strategies to face these security challenges. Furthermore, this study explores emerging cybersecurity issues to which smart cities are exposed by the increasing proliferation of new technologies and standards.
Numerical Analysis of Restrained Continuous Steel Columns under Standard Fire
Authors: Sun Jinhua , Meng Fanqin , Andisheh Kaveh , Clifton George Charles
Published: August 2023

The steel column performance in realistic structures during a fire has yet to be fully understood because existing research emphasizes single-story performance, thereby disregarding the influence of continuous steel columns in multi-story configurations devoid of fire. This paper presents a numerical study to comprehend the overall structural fire performance of continuous steel columns, considering the effect of loading ratios, restraint ratios, column continuity, and single-sided lateral moments. An advanced numerical model was initially developed using ABAQUS and validated against experimental tests. The validated numerical model was subsequently employed to investigate the effects of several parameters, including axial restraint ratios (α = 0.05–0.35) and axial load ratios (n = 0.3–0.8). The study findings indicated that the restraint ratios within the designed range have a slightly beneficial impact on the fire resistance of continuous steel columns. The column continuity did not exert a significant impact on the performance of steel columns in fire. Additionally, the comparison showed that the current design approach in EN 1993-1-2 was conservative for predicting the limiting temperature of internal and edge columns.
Effects of Co-Fermented Feed Using Lactobacillus acidophilus, Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on Growth, Antioxidant Capacity, Fatty Acids and Gut Microbiota of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Authors: Yang Zixin , Liu Peiqin , Kong Qing , Deng Yongyan , Zhang Wenqi , Xu Guohuan , Tang Huijuan
Published: August 2023

The effects of diets fermented with compound probiotics, namely Lactobacillus acidophilus, Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, on the growth performance, physiological and biochemical indexes, fatty acid composition and intestinal health of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were investigated. Three hundred healthy juvenile M. salmoides (5.29 ± 0.02 g) were selected and randomly divided into two groups with triplicates for each. The basic diet was set as the control group (CON), and fermentation of the basic diet with a mixed bacterial solution (1.8 × 109 cfu/mL, L. acidophilus:L. reuteri:L. plantarum = 1:1:1) was set as the fermentation group (FER). Fish were hand fed to satiation for 56 days and two-thirds of the culture water was renewed every 3 days. The results showed that feed intake of fish in the FER group was significantly lowered, thereby increasing feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency (PER) (p < 0.05). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was significantly decreased, and catalase (CAT) activity was significantly increased in the FER group (p < 0.05). The liver superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) was significantly enhanced, and intestinal trypsin was significantly increased in the FER group (p < 0.05). Being fed with the fermentation diet significantly increased the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and the n-3/n-6 PUFAs ratios in the liver (p < 0.05). Intestinal histology showed that villus height and width of the intestine and the number of goblet cells were significantly increased in the FER group (p < 0.05). Those fed with fermentation diets had limited diversity of gut microbiota. Compared to the CON group, the relative abundance of Aeromonas decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while the relative abundance of Fusobacteria, Cetobacteria and Lactobacillusis in FER increased greatly in the gut microbiota of the FER group. In conclusion, fermented feed with the three probiotics effectively improved the feed utilization and antioxidant capacity, promoted digestion and absorption of dietary protein, improved the ability of synthesize DHA and n-3 PUFAs in the liver and reduced the abundance of pathogenic bacteria in the gut. Therefore, the present research provided a new way of co-fermented feed with three probiotics for the aquaculture of M. salmoides.
Nutraceutical Potential of Leafy Vegetables Landraces at Microgreen, Baby, and Adult Stages of Development
Authors: Mallor Cristina , Bertolín Juan Ramón , Paracuellos Pablo , Juan Teresa
Published: August 2023

Nutraceutical compounds present in leafy vegetables have gained substantial attention due to the health benefits they offer beyond their nutritional value. The biosynthesis, composition, and concentration of these compounds vary widely among leafy vegetables and carry the influence of genetic, agronomic, and environmental factors. Recently, micro-vegetables are gaining importance among consumers worldwide and are used in gastronomy at different development stages. Another tendency is the utilization of local genetic resources as an integral component of agricultural biodiversity crucial for sustainable production. The present study identifies the nutraceutical potential of 10 leafy vegetables at the microgreen, baby, and adult development stages using local genetic resources from the Spanish Vegetable Genebank (CITA, Aragón). Specifically, two landraces for each of the following crops were used: chard (Beta vulgaris), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), borage (Borago officinalis), and chicory (Cichorium intybus). The results reinforce the value of traditional local genetics and demonstrate the potential of these leafy vegetables as a source of functional compounds (fatty acids, vitamin C, carotenoids, polyphenols, antioxidant activity, and tocopherols). The observed variability depending on the crop and the developmental stage recommends the necessity of having a varied diet, since each leafy vegetable product offers a unique nutritional profile.
A Critical Overview of HPLC-MS-Based Lipidomics in Determining Triacylglycerol and Phospholipid in Foods
Authors: Yeo JuDong , Kang JaeYoon , Kim HyeonJin , Moon Chaeeun
Published: August 2023

With the current advancement in mass spectrometry (MS)-based lipidomics, the knowledge of lipidomes and their diverse roles has greatly increased, enabling a deeper understanding of the action of bioactive lipid molecules in plant- and animal-based foods. This review provides in-depth information on the practical use of MS techniques in lipidomics, including lipid extraction, adduct formation, MS analysis, data processing, statistical analysis, and bioinformatics. Moreover, this contribution demonstrates the effectiveness of MS-based lipidomics for identifying and quantifying diverse lipid species, especially triacylglycerols and phospholipids, in foods. Further, it summarizes the wide applications of MS-based lipidomics in food science, such as for assessing food processing methods, detecting food adulteration, and measuring lipid oxidation in foods. Thus, MS-based lipidomics may be a useful method for identifying the action of individual lipid species in foods.
Cold Plasma-Assisted Extraction of Phytochemicals: A Review
Authors: Heydari Mahshid , Carbone Katya , Gervasi Fabio , Parandi Ehsan , Rouhi Milad , Rostami Omid , Abedi-Firoozjah Reza , Kolahdouz-Nasiri Azin , Garavand Farhad , Mohammadi Reza
Published: August 2023

In recent years, there has been growing interest in bioactive plant compounds for their beneficial effects on health and for their potential in reducing the risk of developing certain diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. The extraction techniques conventionally used to obtain these phytocompounds, however, due to the use of toxic solvents and high temperatures, tend to be supplanted by innovative and unconventional techniques, in line with the demand for environmental and economic sustainability of new chemical processes. Among non-thermal technologies, cold plasma (CP), which has been successfully used for some years in the food industry as a treatment to improve food shelf life, seems to be one of the most promising solutions in green extraction processes. CP is characterized by its low environmental impact, low cost, and better extraction yield of phytochemicals, saving time, energy, and solvents compared with other classical extraction processes. In light of these considerations, this review aims to provide an overview of the potential and critical issues related to the use of CP in the extraction of phytochemicals, particularly polyphenols and essential oils. To review the current knowledge status and future insights of CP in this sector, a bibliometric study, providing quantitative information on the research activity based on the available published scientific literature, was carried out by the VOSviewer software (v. 1.6.18). Scientometric analysis has seen an increase in scientific studies over the past two years, underlining the growing interest of the scientific community in this natural substance extraction technique. The literature studies analyzed have shown that, in general, the use of CP was able to increase the yield of essential oil and polyphenols. Furthermore, the composition of the phytoextract obtained with CP would appear to be influenced by process parameters such as intensity (power and voltage), treatment time, and the working gas used. In general, the studies analyzed showed that the best yields in terms of total polyphenols and the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the phytoextracts were obtained using mild process conditions and nitrogen as the working gas. The use of CP as a non-conventional extraction technique is very recent, and further studies are needed to better understand the optimal process conditions to be adopted, and above all, in-depth studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms of plasma–plant matrix interaction to verify the possibility of any side reactions that could generate, in a highly oxidative environment, potentially hazardous substances, which would limit the exploitation of this technique at the industrial level.
Effect of Peony (Paeonia ostii) Seed Meal Supplement on Enzyme Activities and Flavor Compounds of Chinese Traditional Soybean Paste during Fermentation
Authors: Fu Weiqi , Ren Jiamin , Li Shuwen , Ren Dirong , Li Xixi , Ren Chenghuan , Zhao Xueru , Li Jiaying , Li Fengjuan
Published: August 2023

Peony seed meal (PSM) is the by-product obtained from peony seeds after oil extraction. In this study, PSM was incorporated into traditional koji-making, and its impacts on koji enzyme activities and flavor compounds in final products were investigated. In the process of koji fermentation, the optimal addition ratio of PSM to soybean was determined as 7:3. Under this ratio, the maximum enzyme activities of neutral protease, amylase, and glucoamylase were 1177.85, 686.58, and 1564.36 U/g, respectively, and the koji obtained was subjected to maturation. During post-fermentation, changes in the fermentation characteristics of the paste samples were monitored, and it was found that compared to the soybean paste without PSM, the enzyme activities maintained at a relatively good level. The PSM soybean paste contained a total of 80 flavor compounds and 11 key flavor compounds (OAV ≥ 1), including ethyl isovalerate, isovaleric acid, hexanal, phenylacetaldehyde, 3-Methyl-1-butanol 4-heptanone, 2-pentylfuran, methanethiol ester caproate, isoamyl acetate, 3-methyl-4-heptanone, and isovaleraldehyde. These findings could be used to improve the quality of traditional fermented paste, enrich its flavor, and simultaneously promote PSM as a valuable resource for fermented foods.
Pulsed Electric Field-Assisted Enzymatic and Alcoholic–Alkaline Production of Porous Granular Cold-Water-Soluble Starch: A Carrier with Efficient Zeaxanthin-Loading Capacity
Authors: Lei Huanqing , Liao Zhongjuan , Wang Langhong , Zeng Xinan , Han Zhong
Published: August 2023

In this study, porous starch was modified using pulsed electric field (PEF) pretreatment and alcoholic–alkaline treatment to prepare porous granular cold-water-soluble starch (P-GCWSS). The soluble porous starch has high adsorption capability and high cold water solubility, allowing effective encapsulation of zeaxanthin and improving zeaxanthin’s water solubility, stability, and bioavailability. The physical and chemical properties of GCWSS and complex were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the cold water solubility of the pulsed electric field-treated porous granular cold-water-soluble starch (PEF-P-GCWSS) increased by 12.81% compared to granular cold-water-soluble starch (GCWSS). The pulsed electric field treatment also increased the oil absorption of PEF-P-GCWSS was improved by 15.32% compared to porous granular cold-water-soluble starch (P-GCWSS). PEF-P-GCWSS was effective in encapsulating zeaxanthin, which provided a good protection for zeaxanthin. The zeaxanthin-saturated solubility in water of PPG–Z was increased by 56.72% compared with free zeaxanthin. The zeaxanthin embedded in PEF-P-GCWSS was able to be released slowly during gastric digestion and released rapidly during intestinal digestion.
Development, Physicochemical Properties, and Antibacterial Activity of Propolis Microcapsules
Authors: Zhang Qingya , Yang Ao , Tan Weihua , Yang Wenchao
Published: August 2023

Propolis is a well-known natural antibacterial substance with various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. However, applications of propolis are limited due to its low water solubility. In this study, propolis microcapsules were developed with a core material of ethanol extract of propolis and shell materials of gum arabic and β-cyclodextrin using a spray-drying technique. The optional processing formula, particle size distribution, morphology, dissolution property, and antibacterial activity of propolis microcapsules were determined. The results showed that the optional processing obtained an embedding rate of 90.99% propolis microcapsules with an average particle size of 445.66 ± 16.96 nm. The infrared spectrogram and thermogravimetric analyses showed that propolis was embedded in the shell materials. The propolis microcapsules were continuously released in water and fully released on the eighth day, and compared to propolis, the microcapsules exhibited weaker antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of propolis microcapsules against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 0.15 and 1.25 mg/mL, and their minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were 0.3 and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. This water-soluble propolis microcapsule shows the potential for use as a sustained-release food additive, preservative, or drug.
Creation of Polymer Hydrogelator/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composite Molecular Hydrogel Materials
Authors: Ohsedo Yutaka , Ueno Wakana
Published: August 2023

Polymer hydrogels, including molecular hydrogels, are expected to become materials for healthcare and medical applications, but there is a need to create new functional molecular gels that can meet the required performance. In this paper, for creating new molecular hydrogel materials, the gel formation behavior and its rheological properties for the molecular gels composed of a polymer hydrogelator, poly(3-sodium sulfo-p-phenylene-terephthalamide) polymer (NaPPDT), and water-soluble polymer with the polar group, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in various concentrations were examined. Molecular hydrogel composites formed from simple mixtures of NaPPDT aqueous solutions (0.1 wt.%~1.0 wt.%) and PVA aqueous solutions exhibited thixotropic behavior in the relatively low concentration region (0.1 wt.%~1.0 wt.%) and spinnable gel formation in the dense concentration region (4.0 wt.%~8.0 wt.%) with 1.0 wt.% NaPPDT aq., showing a characteristic concentration dependence of mechanical behavior. In contrast, each single-component aqueous solution showed no such gel formation in the concentration range in the present experiments. No gel formation behavior was also observed when mixed with common anionic polymers other than NaPPDT. This improvement in gel-forming ability due to mixing may be due to the increased density of the gel’s network structure composed of hydrogelator and PVA and rigidity owing to NaPPDT.
Adsorption Ability of Graphene Aerogel and Reduced Graphene Aerogel toward 2,4-D Herbicide and Salicylic Acid
Authors: Kurmysheva Alexandra Yu. , Yanushevich Oleg , Krikheli Natella , Kramar Olga , Vedenyapina Marina D. , Podrabinnik Pavel , Solís Pinargote Nestor Washington , Smirnov Anton , Kuznetsova Ekaterina , Malyavin Vladislav V. , Peretyagin Pavel , Grigoriev Sergey N.
Published: August 2023

Within this work, new aerogels based on graphene oxide are proposed to adsorb salicylic acid (SA) and herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from aqueous media. Graphene oxide aerogel (GOA) and reduced graphene oxide aerogel (rGOA) were obtained by freeze-drying processes and then studied by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The influence of contact time and the concentration of the adsorbates were also assessed. It was found that equilibrium for high adsorption is reached in 150 min. In a single system, the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order kinetic models, Intraparticle diffusion, and Elovich models were used to discuss the detail of the aerogel adsorbing pollutant. Moreover, the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms and calculate the isotherm constants.
Waxy Oleogels for Partial Substitution of Solid Fat in Margarines
Authors: Sobolev Roman , Frolova Yuliya , Sarkisyan Varuzhan , Kochetkova Alla
Published: August 2023

One of the research directions of oleogels is to study the possibility of their practical application in the food industry as an alternative to solid fats. In this work, the possibility of replacing solid fat in margarine (fat content 82.5%) with oleogels was evaluated. The oleogel content varied from 10 to 50% of the fat phase. The concentration of gelator for which beeswax or wax components (9:1 combination of beeswax and hydrocarbons) were used represented 3% in oleogels. The fatty acid composition of the fat components used, their textural characteristics, and their color were studied. The following physicochemical and rheological properties of margarines were determined: color values, textural and thermal characteristics, and sensory properties. The data obtained were processed using principal component analysis (PCA). Oleogels were characterized by lower textural properties compared to commercial fat (CF), but a lower content of saturated fatty acids. When using oleogels, the color characteristics of the margarines changed insignificantly. A decrease in textural and organoleptic properties was shown when using more than 30% oleogel in the composition of margarines. It was found that an increase in the proportion of oleogel leads to a decrease in the melting enthalpy of margarines. The margarines, depending on the ratio of oleogel in the fat phase, were characterized by a content of saturated fatty acids reduced by 7–35% and increased by a 18–92% level of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, the application of oleogels in margarine technology makes it possible to adjust the fatty acid composition while improving the physicochemical properties.
Progress in Regenerative Medicine: Exploring Autologous Platelet Concentrates and Their Clinical Applications
Authors: Giannotti Laura , Di Chiara Stanca Benedetta , Spedicato Francesco , Nitti Paola , Damiano Fabrizio , Demitri Christian , Calabriso Nadia , Carluccio Maria Annunziata , Palermo Andrea , Siculella Luisa , Stanca Eleonora
Published: August 2023

The goal of regenerative medicine is to achieve tissue regeneration. In the past, commonly used techniques included autologous or allogeneic transplantation and stem cell therapy, which have limitations, such as a lack of donor sites in the case of autologous transplantation and the invasiveness of stem cell harvesting. In recent years, research has, therefore, focused on new and less invasive strategies to achieve tissue regeneration. A step forward in this direction has been made with the development of autologous platelet concentrates (APCs), which are derived from the patient’s own blood. They can be classified into three generations: platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and concentrated growth factors (CGFs). These APCs have different structural characteristics, depending on the distinctive preparation method, and contain platelets, leukocytes, and multiple growth factors, including those most involved in regenerative processes. The purpose of this review is to clarify the most used techniques in the field of regenerative medicine in recent years, comparing the different types of APCs and analyzing the preparation protocols, the composition of the growth factors, the level of characterization achieved, and their clinical applications to date.
Analysis of the Selection Signal of the Tibetan Black Chicken Genome Based on Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: Feng Jing , Zhu Wei , Shi Hairen , Peng Da , Zang Lei , Wang Yan , ZhaXi Luobu , BaiMa Jiancai , Amevor Felix Kwame , Wang Xiaoqi , Ma Xueying , Zhao Xiaoling
Published: August 2023

Background: The Tibetan chicken has adapted well to high altitudes genetically after its long-term habitation in the plateau. In this study, we analyzed the selection signal of Tibetan black chickens (TBCs) and discovered genes associated with the characteristics of germplasm. Methods: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to identify the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and genetic structures in the genome of Tibetan black chickens. Further, we performed a comparative population genomics analysis between the genomic data obtained in this present study and the genomic data for five wild red jungle fowls (RJFs) accessed from the NCBI database (GenBank accession number PRJNA241474). Thereafter, the Fst and Pi selections were used to identify genes under positive selection in the Tibetan black chicken genome. Results: A total of 9,490,690 SNPs were identified in the Tibetan black chickens. In addition, the results from the gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that 732 genes of TBCs were enriched in a total of 210 GO terms with specific molecular functions such as regulation of cellular catabolic process, the MAPK signaling pathway, regulation of ion transport, growth, morphogenesis and lung alveolus development which may provide a better mechanism to facilitate oxygen transport and utilization in TBCs. Moreover, the results from the KEGG analysis showed that 732 genes of the TBCs were significantly enriched in the calcium signaling pathway, circadian entrainment (ADCY1, GNG7 and PER3), oxytocin signaling pathway and pathways of multiple neurodegeneration diseases. In addition, the CD86 antigen (CD86) was identified as a gene associated with the immune response in chickens. It was also revealed that genes such as TRIT1, HPCAL4, NT5C1A and HEYL were discovered under selection in Tibetan black chickens on chromosome 23. These genes may be related to the local adaptive characteristics of Tibetan black chickens, for instance, NT5C1A and HEYL may be involved in the high-altitude adaption of oxygen delivery in Tibetan black chickens. Conclusions: In summary, we found that selection mainly affects the disease resistance and cold acclimatization of Tibetan black chickens. Hence, these results may provide important genetic information for the evolution and breeding of Tibetan black chickens.
Hospice and Palliative Care during Disasters: A Systematic Review
Authors: Plagg Barbara , Ballmann Julia , Ewers Michael
Published: August 2023

Providing and maintaining hospice and palliative care during disasters poses significant challenges. To understand the impact of disasters on the provision of hospice and palliative care and the disaster preparedness initiatives in the field, a systematic review was undertaken. Eligibility criteria for the selection of studies were: peer-reviewed original research papers addressing HPC during disasters published between January 2001 and February 2023 in English. The databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, APA PsycArticles, and SocINDEX were searched with textword and MeSh-terms between October 2022 and February 2023. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the quality of the studies. Content analysis was performed. The results are presented in the form of a narrative synthesis. Of 2581 studies identified, 57 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were published recently on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Four main themes were identified in the literature: disruption of the system, setting-specific differences, emotional challenges, and system adaptation. Overall, strategies to tackle hospice and palliative care needs have been poorly integrated in disaster preparedness planning. Our findings highlight the need to strengthen the resilience of hospice and palliative care providers to all types of disasters to maintain care standards.
Factors Associated with Refraining from Health Checkups during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan
Authors: Ito Naoko , Sugimori Hiroki , Odajima Takeshi , Yoshimura Naohito , Muto Shigeki , Hirao Maki , Ninohei Mika , Nakayama Takeo
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to determine the characteristics of people who refrained from having regular checkups due to the spread of the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection and the factors associated with this behavior. We conducted a nationwide internet survey of 4593 males and females aged 20–69 in Japan regarding their health checkups from April 2020 to March 2021, when COVID-19 was widespread. Individuals who received checkups during this time were “the receiving group”; those who did not were “the refraining group”. Personal attributes, responses to a health questionnaire and other items were used to compare the groups. The analysis showed that males over 53 refrained from having health checkups compared to those younger. On the other hand, males with higher personal incomes who never skipped breakfast received health checkups. Females with children under 18 years were less likely than those without to receive health checkups. For males, the characteristic factors were economic and health awareness and literacy. Females were less aware of medical checkups. Moreover, they demonstrated an inability to maintain an everyday rhythm. No factors were common to males and females, indicating the need to consider separate strategies for encouraging males and females to obtain annual health checkups.
A Mixed Methods Protocol for Developing Strategies to Improve Access to Health Care Services for Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Gauteng Province, South Africa
Authors: Manyuma Duppy , Tshitangano Takalani Grace , Mudau Azwinndini Gladys
Published: August 2023

Access to healthcare is a fundamental human right for all people, including refugees and asylum seekers. Despite the provision in the Refugee Act of South Africa, which allows refugees to enjoy the same access to health services as the citizens of the Republic, refugees still encounter challenges in accessing such services in Gauteng province. This protocol aims to develop strategies to improve access to health care services for refugees and asylum seekers in Gauteng province, South Africa. The study will be conducted in three phases. An exploratory sequential mixed methods design will be employed in phase 1 of the study; the initial study will be based on a qualitative approach followed by a quantitative approach. Phase 1 (a) of this study will employ a qualitative approach in Gauteng province among conveniently sampled health practitioners as well as purposively sampled refugees and asylum seekers. Interviews will be used to collect data that will be analyzed thematically. Phase 1 (b) will adopt a quantitative approach based on the findings from the initial qualitative study. The ethical principles of informed consent, anonymity, privacy, confidentiality, and avoidance of harm will be adhered to throughout the research process. Phase 1 (c) will be meta-inference and conceptualization. Phase 2 will focus on the development of strategies using strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats analysis and a build, overcome, explore, and minimize model to guide the process. In Phase 3, the Delphi technique will be used to validate the developed strategies. The conclusion and recommendations will be based on the findings of the study.
Effect of Different Postharvest Methods on Essential Oil Content and Composition of Three Mentha Genotypes
Authors: Hubert Charlotte , Tsiaparas Saskia , Kahlert Liane , Luhmer Katharina , Moll Marcel Dieter , Passon Maike , Wüst Matthias , Schieber Andreas , Pude Ralf
Published: August 2023

Mentha sp. is commonly used for essential oil (EO) extraction and incorporated in multiple products of food and pharmaceutical industries. Postharvest management is a key factor in line of production to preserve quality-determining plant ingredients. This study focused on the effects of two different postharvest processes on EO content and the composition of three different Mentha genotypes (Mentha × piperita ‘Multimentha’, Mentha × piperita ‘Fränkische Blaue’ and Mentha rotundifolia ‘Apfelminze’). They were cultivated under greenhouse conditions. One postharvest treatment consisted of drying Mentha as whole plant after harvesting and later separating leaves from stems. In the second treatment, leaves were separated from stems directly after harvesting and then dried. EO content was determined by steam distillation and composition of EO was characterized by GC/MS analysis. Key findings of the study are that the postharvest processing treatments had no significant influence on the content or composition of the EO. Only the genotype ‘Fränkische Blaue’ showed a significantly higher EO content in the dry separated treatment at the third harvest (2.9 ± 0.15 mL/100 g DM (sD)) than separated fresh (2.4 ± 0.24 mL/100 g DM (sF)). However, genotype selection and harvest time had a clear impact on EO content and composition.
Nutrient Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Cercis chinensis Flower in Response to Different Development Stages
Authors: Ren Hong-Yu , Qian Wen-Zhang , Yi Lu , Ye Yu-Lin , Gu Tao , Gao Shun , Cao Guo-Xing
Published: August 2023

Cercis chinensis Bunge (C. chinensis), well known as an ornamental plant widely distributed in China, and its flowers, bark, fruit, etc., have multiple bioactivities. However, reports on the changes in mineral elements, nutrient composition and antioxidant activity in C. chinensis flower at different development stages are rare. In this study, the flower samples were collected every 20 days from March 2023 to May 2023. The changes in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), soluble protein (SP), amino acid (AA), non-structural carbohydrate (NSC), total phenol (TP) and total flavonoids (TF) content as well as antioxidant activity in C. chinensis flower at different development stages were investigated. The results suggested that C, N, and P content, the C:N:P stoichiometric ratio, NSC contents, SP, AA, TP, TF and antioxidant activity of flower showed large variations at three development stages. This study found that C and P contents showed a significant decrease with the development and opening of flowers, while N content showed an opposite trend. The soluble protein content first decreased and then increased. The amino acid content, total polyphenol content, and total flavonoid content all showed a significant downward trend, while the content of NSC increased. Both ABTS and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) showed significant decreases at various developmental stages, but DPPH was completely opposite. The highest NSC content and DPPH activity were observed at stage III, but the highest AA, TP, TF, as well ABTS and FRAP activity wereobserved at stage I. These findings will improve understanding of the requirements and dynamic balance among C, N, and P, NSC and nutrient contents as well as antioxidant activity of C. chinensis flowers in response to development stages.