bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient‐activated anti‐tachycardia pacing in adult congenital heart disease
Authors: Carberry Thomas , Tsao Sabrina , Chaouki Ahmad Sami
Published: March 2022

Introduction

In adults with congenital heart disease, intra‐atrial reentrant tachycardia (IART) is a common arrhythmia that causes significant morbidity and mortality. One treatment option for IART is antitachycardia pacing. Atrial antitachycardia pacing algorithms deliver therapy for IART with ≥2:1 conduction, but most algorithms will not recognize IART with 1:1 conduction. Temporary Patient Activated Rx (TPARx) is Medtronic software that can be installed in antitachycardia pacemakers allowing patients to deliver therapies on demand for IART with 1:1 conduction.

Methods

Retrospective chart review at a single institution of all patients who had TPARx installed into their pacemaker.

Results

Four adults with single ventricle congenital heart disease and IART underwent Fontan conversion, arrhythmia surgery, and placement of an epicardial dual‐chamber antitachycardia pacemaker. They had recurrent IART with a long cycle length and 1:1 conduction that failed to trigger antitachycardia pacing therapies. TPARx software was programmed into their pacemakers to allow recognition and treatment of IART with 1:1 conduction. Mean follow‐up duration after TPARx programming was 4.9 years. Each patient received at least one successful antitachycardia pacing therapy via TPARx – range 0.4–26 treated IART episodes per year. There were no atrial or ventricular arrhythmias induced with antitachycardia pacing. Two patients were able to discontinue anticoagulation after TPARx installation.

Conclusion

This series demonstrates the use of TPARx software as part of a long‐term IART management strategy in select patients with IART who have failed more conventional therapies.
Impact of surgery and anesthesia during early brain development: A perfect storm
Authors: Keunen Kristin , Sperna Weiland Nicolaas H. , de Bakker Bernadette S. , de Vries Linda S. , Stevens Markus F.
Published: March 2022

Neonatal surgery and concomitant anesthesia coincide with a timeframe of rapid brain development. The speed and complexity of early brain development superimposed on immature regulatory mechanisms that include incomplete cerebral autoregulation, insufficient free radical scavenging and an immature immune response puts the brain at risk. Brain injury may have long‐term consequences for multiple functional domains including cognition, learning skills, and behavior. Neurodevelopmental follow‐up studies have noted mild‐to‐moderate deficits in children who underwent major neonatal surgery and related anesthesia. The present review evaluates neonatal surgery against the background of neurobiological processes that unfold at a pace unparalleled by any other period of human brain development. First, a structured summary of early brain development is provided in order to establish theoretical groundwork. Next, literature on brain injury and neurodevelopmental outcome after neonatal surgery is discussed. Special attention is given to recent findings of structural brain damage reported after neonatal surgery. Notably, high‐quality imaging data acquired before surgery are currently lacking. Third, mechanisms of injury are interrogated taking the perspective of early brain development into account. We propose a novel disease model that constitutes a triad of inflammation, vascular immaturity, and neurotoxicity of prolonged exposure to anesthetic drugs. With each of these components exacerbating the other, this amalgam incites the perfect storm, resulting in brain injury. When examining the brain, it seems intuitive to distinguish between neonates (i.e., <60 postconceptional weeks) and more mature infants, multiple and/or prolonged anesthesia exposure and single, short surgery. This review culminates in an outline of anesthetic considerations and future directions that we believe will help move the field forward.
How does workload affect test ordering behavior of physicians? An empirical investigation
Authors: Ergün‐Şahin Büşra , Güneş Evrim Didem , Kocabıyıkoğlu Ayşe , Keskin Ahmet
Published: March 2022

We study the relationship between workload and the test ordering behavior of physicians in an operational context where examination can be finished with a test order. We define workload in two forms: the unfinished workload, that is, the work waiting to be completed, and the finished workload, that is, the already completed work since the beginning of the work day. We investigate their effect on the probability of a test order and the number of tests ordered for a patient who receives a test order. Empirical analysis of data from a public research and training hospital shows that these workload measures have different effects: A higher unfinished workload increases the probability of giving a test order, while a higher finished load decreases the number of tests ordered for those patients who receive a test order. The observed effects of the operational factors workload and finished load, which have no relation to the patients' complaints and hence, should have no bearing on the eventual diagnosis, and have significant implications for the quality and cost of health care. We also observe that the control variable, examination time, has a significant negative effect on the likelihood of ordering and the number of tests. We report the results of several robustness tests, which confirm our results.
From problematisation to propositionality: Advancing southern urban infrastructure debates
Authors: Baptista Idalina , Cirolia Liza Rose
Published: March 2022

In this article, we explore the notion of propositionality to advance southern urban infrastructure debates towards more anticipatory forms of scholarship. By propositionality, we mean a research sensibility that engages, first and foremost, with propositions for infrastructure futures on their own terms. While scholarship on infrastructures in southern cities has contributed to very fruitful conceptual and methodological innovations, we argue that the current mode of problematisation does not lend itself to this propositional intent. Conceptually focused on deconstruction and critique and methodologically tied to heterogeneity at the community scale, this form of problematisation tends to produce localised knowledge about what is, but offers limited avenues for articulating what could be. After a brief introduction, the article provides a review of the main conceptual and methodological contributions and limitations of the dominant modes of researching southern urban infrastructure. We then explore a different mode of problematisation as the first step towards a propositional research sensibility, followed by an overview of a preliminary propositional skill set covering three aspects: mobilising technical knowledge more effectively; appreciating sectoral and scalar specificity; and addressing the challenges of normativity. Our arguments draw on literature from southern scholarship, science and technology studies (STS), and pragmatism, as well as empirical work conducted by ourselves and others. We conclude the article with a call for further reflection among southern urban scholars on ways to move us into a propositional space that better engages with the people and things we speak for and care about.
Contracts Law and its Modern Trends: The Ecuadorian Case
Authors: Méndez Reátegui Ruben , Benatti Francesca , Barcia Lehmann Rodrigo , Lascano Báez Gonzalo
Published: March 2022

At the international level, in the area of Contract Law, this article begins with a critical review of the current regulatory scenario in Ecuador and its European counterpart. Then, the article aims to comparatively address the objectives, nature and scope of the UNIDROIT Principles, the PECL and the Pavia Draft. They constitute a modern lex mercatoria seeking to go beyond what are the national laws and systems and become the law of business. Above all, the PECL and the DCFR had a crucial indirect effect that influenced jurisprudence and national reforms. Finally, the article identifies the prevailing ius-privatist spirit in Europe as a difference, compared to a model like the Ecuadorian, which is committed to the constitutionalization of the private law (civil and commercial) and a strict delimitation of the principle of private autonomy.
Ten challenges in measuring and reporting ship noise levels
Authors: Vendittis David J. , Arveson Paul T.
Published: March 2022

In 2000, the authors published an article by Arveson and Vendittis [JASA 107, 118–129 (2000)] that described measurements of the radiated noise of a cargo ship measured by the U.S. Navy. Today, there are many, much larger ships in use; they inject more noise into the sea ambient, which may be causing increasing impacts on marine animals. This has led to an increasing interest in the noise from these ships. This report highlights several ship noise measurement challenges and how they may be mitigated by careful analysis and conformance to the recommendations in standards. [Additional definitions are provided in ISO/FDIS 18405 (2017).]
The use of tonal coarticulation cues in Cantonese spoken word recognition
Authors: Qin Zhen , Zhang Jingwei
Published: March 2022

Previous studies suggest that listeners may use segmental coarticulation cues to facilitate spoken word recognition. Based on existing production studies which showed a pre-low raising effect in Cantonese tonal coarticulation, this study used a word identification task to investigate whether the tonal coarticulatory cue, carried by high-level and rising tones, was used when native listeners recognized pre-low and pre-high disyllabic words. The finding indicated that the listeners may rely on F0 of the rising tone to resolve lexical competition when hearing pre-high words. However, it did not provide evidence supporting the use of pre-low raising cue in spoken word recognition.
The Uptake of Nordic Hamstring Exercise Program for Injury Prevention in Major League Soccer and Its Barriers to Implementation in Practice
Authors: Chesterton Paul , Draper Garrison , Portas Matthew , Tears Craig
Published: March 2022

Context: It is well demonstrated that Nordic hamstring (NH) program has poor compliance across European soccer clubs, but little is known about its implementation in Major League Soccer (MLS). The authors aimed to investigate MLS hamstring prevention practices and compliance with the NH program and understand the reasons for its inclusion or exclusion. Design: A cross-sectional electronic survey was completed by 24 of the 26 (92%) MLS top-division soccer clubs. Methods: The survey, based on the Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework, was sent to team medical staff. Medical staff were also asked for opinions on barriers to implementation. Results: Eighteen clubs (75%) reported a formal hamstring injury prevention program, with eccentric exercises (94%; 95% CI [confidence interval], 74%–99%), high-speed running (94%; 95% CI, 74%–99%), and NH exercises (89%; 95% CI, 67%–97%) the most common strategies adopted. Fifteen clubs partially implemented the NH program, but only 5 (21%; 95% CI, 9%–40%) completed the full program and were classed as compliant. A total of 20 respondents reported that player perception and muscle soreness (83%; 95% CI, 64%–93%) were barriers to the implementation of the NH program. On a 5-point Likert scale, respondents “partially agreed” (4.13 [0.80]) that the NH exercise could substantially reduce injuries and would be “effective” at their own club (3.88 [0.61]). Conclusions: The NH exercise was valued, but negative player perception and muscular soreness were identified as barriers to implementing the full program. Manipulation of volume and frequency should inform future “effectiveness” research to prospectively assess such modifications in the context of MLS.
Local connectivity and synaptic dynamics in mouse and human neocortex
Authors: Campagnola Luke , Seeman Stephanie C. , Chartrand Thomas , Kim Lisa , Hoggarth Alex , Gamlin Clare , Ito Shinya , Trinh Jessica , Davoudian Pasha , Radaelli Cristina , Kim Mean-Hwan , Hage Travis , Braun Thomas , Alfiler Lauren , Andrade Julia , Bohn Phillip , Dalley Rachel , Henry Alex , Kebede Sara , Mukora Alice , Sandman David , Williams Grace , Larsen Rachael , Teeter Corinne , Daigle Tanya L. , Berry Kyla , Dotson Nadia , Enstrom Rachel , Gorham Melissa , Hupp Madie , Dingman Lee Samuel , Ngo Kiet , Nicovich Philip R. , Potekhina Lydia , Ransford Shea , Gary Amanda , Goldy Jeff , McMillen Delissa , Pham Trangthanh , Tieu Michael , Siverts La’Akea , Walker Miranda , Farrell Colin , Schroedter Martin , Slaughterbeck Cliff , Cobb Charles , Ellenbogen Richard , Gwinn Ryder P. , Keene C. Dirk , Ko Andrew L. , Ojemann Jeffrey G. , Silbergeld Daniel L. , Carey Daniel , Casper Tamara , Crichton Kirsten , Clark Michael , Dee Nick , Ellingwood Lauren , Gloe Jessica , Kroll Matthew , Sulc Josef , Tung Herman , Wadhwani Katherine , Brouner Krissy , Egdorf Tom , Maxwell Michelle , McGraw Medea , Pom Christina Alice , Ruiz Augustin , Bomben Jasmine , Feng David , Hejazinia Nika , Shi Shu , Szafer Aaron , Wakeman Wayne , Phillips John , Bernard Amy , Esposito Luke , D’Orazi Florence D. , Sunkin Susan , Smith Kimberly , Tasic Bosiljka , Arkhipov Anton , Sorensen Staci , Lein Ed , Koch Christof , Murphy Gabe , Zeng Hongkui , Jarsky Tim
Published: March 2022

We present a unique, extensive, and open synaptic physiology analysis platform and dataset. Through its application, we reveal principles that relate cell type to synaptic properties and intralaminar circuit organization in the mouse and human cortex. The dynamics of excitatory synapses align with the postsynaptic cell subclass, whereas inhibitory synapse dynamics partly align with presynaptic cell subclass but with considerable overlap. Synaptic properties are heterogeneous in most subclass-to-subclass connections. The two main axes of heterogeneity are strength and variability. Cell subclasses divide along the variability axis, whereas the strength axis accounts for substantial heterogeneity within the subclass. In the human cortex, excitatory-to-excitatory synaptic dynamics are distinct from those in the mouse cortex and vary with depth across layers 2 and 3.
COVID-19 vaccination: The road ahead
Authors: Altmann Daniel M. , Boyton Rosemary J.
Published: March 2022

A diverse array of successful, first-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have played a huge role in efforts to bring the COVID-19 pandemic under control, even though inequitable distribution still leaves many vulnerable. Additional challenges loom for the next phase. These include optimizing the immunological rationale for boosting—how often and with what—and the best approaches for building a future-proofed, durable immune repertoire to protect against oncoming viral variants, including in children. The landscape of vaccine producers and technologies is likely to become even more heterogeneous. There is a need now for appraisal of future approaches: While some favor frequent boosting with the first-generation, ancestral spike vaccines, others propose frequent readjustment using current variant sequences, polyvalent vaccines, or pan-coronavirus strategies.
Climate change and biospheric output
Authors: Le Quéré Corinne , Mayot Nicolas
Published: March 2022

Large changes in global ecosystem productivity are set in motion by carbon dioxide rise
The modular cell gets connected
Authors: Michnick Stephen W. , Levy Emmanuel D.
Published: March 2022

Integrative molecular cell biology can be used to interpret networks beyond modules
Healing Venezuela
Authors: Stone Richard
Published: March 2022

A network of young scientists and doctors aims to rebuild the country’s devastated public health system
In Science Journals
Authors: Grocholski Brent , Hurtley Stella M. , Hodges Kip , Olingy Claire , Osborne Ian S. , Stern Peter , Smith H. Jesse , Jiang Di , Ray L. Bryan , Funk Michael A. , Szuromi Phil , Foley John F. , Hallberg Dorothy L. , Ash Caroline
Published: March 2022

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
Search for a Shared Genetic or Biochemical Basis for Biofilm Tolerance to Antibiotics across Bacterial Species
Authors: Stewart Philip S. , Williamson Kerry S. , Boegli Laura , Hamerly Timothy , White Ben , Scott Liam , Hu Xiao , Mumey Brendan M. , Franklin Michael J. , Bothner Brian , Vital-Lopez Francisco G. , Wallqvist Anders , James Garth A.
Published: March 2022

Is there a universal genetically programmed defense providing tolerance to antibiotics when bacteria grow as biofilms? A comparison between biofilms of three different bacterial species by transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches uncovered no evidence of one. Single-species biofilms of three bacterial species (
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
,
Staphylococcus aureus
, and
Acinetobacter baumannii
) were grown
in vitro
for 3 days and then challenged with respective antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, daptomycin, and tigecycline) for an additional 24 h.
Relationship between Resistance to Ethambutol and Rifampin and Clinical Outcomes in Mycobacterium avium Complex Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Moon Seong Mi , Kim Su-Young , Kim Dae Hun , Huh Hee Jae , Lee Nam Yong , Jhun Byung Woo
Published: March 2022

We evaluated the associations between the
in vitro
activities of ethambutol and rifampin and clinical outcomes of
Mycobacterium avium
complex (MAC) pulmonary disease (PD). Among 158 patients with MAC-PD, there was no relationship between high MICs for ethambutol and/or rifampin and treatment failure for MAC-PD.
Mass Spectroscopy Imaging of Hair Strands Captures Short-Term and Long-Term Changes in Emtricitabine Adherence
Authors: Mwangi Joseph N. , Gilliland William M. , White Nicole , Sykes Craig , Poliseno Amanda , Knudtson Kelly A. , Hightow-Weidman Lisa , Kashuba Angela D. M. , Rosen Elias P.
Published: March 2022

Most measures of adherence to antiretroviral therapy require a blood sample, and none capture longitudinal daily adherence. A new noninvasive method for measuring daily adherence to antiretroviral regimens containing emtricitabine (FTC) was developed for intact hair strands using infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI).
Antibiotic Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Infection Inhibits the Development of Protective Immunity
Authors: Kleinhenz Maureen , Beesetty Pavani , Yang Ching , Li Zhaotao , Montgomery Christopher P.
Published: March 2022

Recurrent
Staphylococcus aureus
infections are common, suggesting a failure to elicit protective immunity. Given the emergence of antibiotic resistance, a vaccine is urgently needed, but there is no approved vaccine for
S. aureus
.
Enhancing Diagnostics in Orthopedic Infections
Authors: Higgins Eibhlin , Suh Gina A. , Tande Aaron J.
Published: March 2022

Accurate diagnosis of orthopedic infection is crucial in guiding both antimicrobial therapy and surgical management in order to optimize patient outcomes. A variety of microbiological and nonmicrobiological methods are used to establish the presence of a musculoskeletal infection. In this minireview, we examine traditional culture-based and newer molecular methodologies for pathogen detection, as well as systemic and localized assays to assess host response to maximize diagnostic yield.
Fluconazole Population Pharmacokinetics after Fosfluconazole Administration and Dosing Optimization in Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Authors: Tanzawa Ayano , Saito Jumpei , Shoji Kensuke , Kojo Yuka , Funaki Takanori , Maruyama Hidehiko , Isayama Tetsuya , Ito Yushi , Nakamura Hidefumi , Yamatani Akimasa
Published: March 2022

Invasive fungal infection is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in very preterm or very-low-birth-weight infants. In order to limit the risk of invasive fungal infections in this population, the administration of fluconazole is generally recommended for extremely low-birth-weight infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit with a
Candida
species colonization prevalence rate of >10%, under the guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
Insights into the geometry and evolution of the southern San Andreas fault from geophysical data, southern California
Authors: Langenheim V.E. , Fuis G.S.
Published: March 2022

Two new joint gravity-magnetic models in northern Coachella Valley provide additional evidence for a steep northeast dip of the Mission Creek strand of the southern San Andreas fault (southern California, USA). Gravity modeling indicates a steep northeast dip of the Banning fault in the upper 1–2 km in northern Coachella Valley. The Mission Creek strand and its continuation to the southeast (Coachella segment) coincide with the northeastern margin of a Cenozoic basin and are marked by prominent gravity and magnetic gradients that are consistent with these strands of the San Andreas fault having accommodated >160 km of right-lateral and 1–5 km of vertical displacement. These anomalies are best fit by a moderate to steep northeast dip. Such a geometry is further supported by seismicity, reflectivity, geodesy, and boundary-element modeling. We explore the possibility that these fault strands forming the margin of Coachella Valley were originally near vertical and have rotated into their present orientation by underplating of a localized high-velocity, lower-crustal prong within the Peninsular Ranges batholith. Reconstructions of San Andreas fault offset suggest that this crystalline body was translated into the San Gorgonio Pass area at the time of major fault reorganization at 1.1–1.3 Ma.
Rapid, patient-led titration of basal insulin can be used to achieve tight glycaemic control in gestational diabetes mellitus with insulin resistance
Authors: Mayne Isabelle , Thomas Nicholas , McGovern Andrew
Published: March 2022

A woman with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and significant insulin resistance in her third pregnancy was diagnosed with a fasting blood glucose reading of 5.7 mmol/L (103 mg/dL) at 28+1 weeks gestation and referred to our diabetes team. Using a rapid, patient-led approach to basal insulin titration this patient achieved therapeutic doses and glucose targets in the limited time available during pregnancy, without causing significant hypoglycaemia. This method of insulin titration empowers women with GDM to take control of their own management and could reduce complications in GDM pregnancies at negligible additional cost. The only additional cost being that of the higher insulin doses used.
Ocular geometry in adults born extremely, very and moderately preterm with and without retinopathy of prematurity: results from the Gutenberg Prematurity Eye Study
Authors: Fieß Achim , Nauen Hannah , Mildenberger Eva , Zepp Fred , Urschitz Michael S , Pfeiffer Norbert , Schuster Alexander Karl-Georg
Published: March 2022

Background/aims

To evaluate whether anterior segment anatomy and axial length are associated with prematurity and perinatal factors in adults.

Methods

The Gutenberg Prematurity Eye Study examined adults born preterm and term aged 18–52 years. All participants underwent a prospective ophthalmic examination (optical biometry via a LenStar 900, Haag-Streit) in Germany. The associations between gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW) and BW percentile, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) occurrence, ROP treatment and other perinatal factors with the main outcome measures were evaluated by univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses. Main outcome measures were corneal radius, white-to-white distance, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and axial length.

Results

The study involved 861 eyes of 438 preterm and full-term individuals (aged 28.6±8.7 years, 245 females,). After adjustment for age and gender, a steeper corneal radius was associated with lower GA (B=0.02; p<0.001) and a lower BW percentile (B=0.003; p<0.001). A smaller white-to-white distance was linked to lower GA (B=0.02; p<0.001), a lower BW percentile (B=0.004; p<0.001) and postnatal ROP occurrence (B=−0.26; p<0.001). Decreased axial length was associated with lower GA at birth (B=0.05; p=0.002) and pre-eclampsia (B=−0.34; p=0.015). ROP-treated eyes had a shallower anterior chamber depth (B=−0.63; p=0.001) and increased lens thickness (B=0.64, p<0.001).

Conclusion

Our analyses in adults demonstrate that the corneal morphology is influenced by GA and BW percentile, while the anterior chamber depth and lens thickness are affected by ROP treatment, namely laser therapy and cryotherapy. The present study highlights that perinatal factors lead to lifelong sequelae of ocular shape.
Paediatric post-concussive symptoms: symptom clusters and clinical phenotypes
Authors: Lyons Todd W , Mannix Rebekah , Tang Ken , Yeates Keith Owen , Sangha Gurinder , Burns Emma CM , Beer Darcy , Dubrovsky Alexander S , Gagnon Isabelle , Gravel Jocelyn , Freedman Stephen B , Craig William , Boutis Kathy , Osmond Martin H , Gioia Gerard , Zemek Roger
Published: March 2022

Objective

To assess the co-occurrence and clustering of post-concussive symptoms in children, and to identify distinct patient phenotypes based on symptom type and severity.

Methods

We performed a secondary analysis of the prospective, multicentre Predicting and Preventing Post-concussive Problems in Pediatrics (5P) cohort study, evaluating children 5–17 years of age presenting within 48 hours of an acute concussion. Our primary outcome was the simultaneous occurrence of two or more persistent post-concussive symptoms on the Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory at 28 days post-injury. Analyses of symptom and patient clusters were performed using hierarchical cluster analyses of symptom severity ratings.

Results

3063 patients from the parent 5P study were included. Median age was 12.1 years (IQR: 9.2–14.6 years), and 1857 (60.6%) were male. Fatigue was the most common persistent symptom (21.7%), with headache the most commonly reported co-occurring symptom among patients with fatigue (55%; 363/662). Headache was common in children reporting any of the 12 other symptoms (range: 54%–72%). Physical symptoms occurred in two distinct clusters: vestibular-ocular and headache. Emotional and cognitive symptoms occurred together more frequently and with higher severity than physical symptoms. Fatigue was more strongly associated with cognitive and emotional symptoms than physical symptoms. We identified five patient groups (resolved/minimal, mild, moderate, severe and profound) based on symptom type and severity.

Conclusion

Post-concussive symptoms in children occur in distinct clusters, facilitating the identification of distinct patient phenotypes based on symptom type and severity. Care of children post-concussion must be comprehensive, with systems designed to identify and treat distinct post-concussion phenotypes.
Dual resolution deep learning network with self-attention mechanism for classification and localisation of colorectal cancer in histopathological images
Authors: Xu Yan , Jiang Liwen , Huang Shuting , Liu Zhenyu , Zhang Jiangyu
Published: March 2022

Aims

Microscopic examination is a basic diagnostic technology for colorectal cancer (CRC), but it is very laborious. We developed a dual resolution deep learning network with self-attention mechanism (DRSANet) which combines context and details for CRC binary classification and localisation in whole slide images (WSIs), and as a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) to improve the sensitivity and specificity of doctors’ diagnosis.

Methods

Representative regions of interest (ROI) of each tissue type were manually delineated in WSIs by pathologists. Based on the same coordinates of centre position, patches were extracted at different magnification levels from the ROI. Specifically, patches from low magnification level contain contextual information, while from high magnification level provide important details. A dual-inputs network was designed to learn context and details simultaneously, and self-attention mechanism was used to selectively learn different positions in the images to enhance the performance.

Results

In classification task, DRSANet outperformed the benchmark networks which only depended on the high magnification patches on two test set. Furthermore, in localisation task, DRSANet demonstrated a better localisation capability of tumour area in WSI with less areas of misidentification.

Conclusions

We compared DRSANet with benchmark networks which only use the patches from high magnification level. Experimental results reveal that the performance of DRSANet is better than the benchmark networks. Both context and details should be considered in deep learning method.
Novel histological repertoire of crypt-associated anomalies in inflamed colon mucosa
Authors: Rubio Carlos A , Vieth Michael , Lang-Schwarz Corinna
Published: March 2022

Aims

Studying crypt branching in ulcerative colitis (UC) and in infectious colitis (IC), we detected previously unreported crypt-associated anomalies (CAAs). The objective was to describe, illustrate and assess the frequency of CAAs in inflamed colon mucosa in patients with UC and IC.

Methods

Sections from 100 consecutive biopsies with UC, in 50 with IC and in 27 with UC in remission (UCR) were reviewed. The following CAAs were identified: crypt eosinophilia, intracryptal epithelial hyperplasia, intracryptal epithelial budding, intracryptal supernumerary crypts, intracryptal epithelial bridges, crypt rings in rows and off-centre epithelial budding.

Results

The frequency of crypts with extensive crypt eosinophilia and with intracryptal epithelial budding was significantly higher in UC than in IC and UCR (p<0.05); the frequency in the remaining histological parameters was similar in UC, IC and UCR.

Conclusions

CAAs were found interspersed with branching crypts. CAAs persisted in long-lasting UC mucosal inflammation, but declined when the inflammation waned. Since similar anomalies are not present in normal colon mucosa, the results suggest that CAAs had been boosted by the ongoing mucosal inflammation. The development of these previously unreported CAAs in the colon mucosa with inflammation might embody pathological aberrations of cryptogenesis.
Overview of cerebral cavernous malformations: comparison of treatment approaches
Authors: Bubenikova Adela , Skalicky Petr , Benes Jr Vladimir , Benes Sr Vladimir , Bradac Ondrej
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The comparison of treatment efficacy for cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) has not yet been well researched.

Design

PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, ISI Web of Science, Embase and additional sources were searched to identify cohort studies about the treatment of CCMs published between 1990 and 2020. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed; the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias and to evaluate limitations based on selection/outcome biases. The cumulative incidences with 95% CIs were calculated using the random effects model. The models of Poisson distribution were applied to evaluate risk factors of poorer treatment outcome by calculating rate ratios within 100 person-years with 95% CIs.

Results

A total of 100 cohorts yielding 8994 patients treated for CCMs within 41 098 person-years of follow-up were analysed. The efficacy of ensuring the prevention of haemorrhage was 97% in surgical, 86% in radiosurgical and 77% in the conservative treatment. The lowest mortality (1%) was after radiosurgery, and the highest persistent morbidity (22%) was in natural history series. Deep-seated and brainstem CCMs were associated with higher bleeding rates. Lobar localisation was a protective factor in all analyses. Patients with history of previous haemorrhage were exposed to higher risk of rebleeding. Male gender was a protective factor associated with lower risk of post-treatment haemorrhage.

Conclusions

Surgical resection of CCM is effective in ensuring the prevention of haemorrhage with acceptable morbidity and mortality, but conservative and radiosurgical management is a justified treatment alternative. Brainstem and deep-seated CCMs are predominantly associated with higher haemorrhage rates.
Falsely normal CT perfusion ischemic core readings are common and often associated with deep infarcts
Authors: Bouslama Mehdi , Ravindran Krishnan , Rodrigues Gabriel Martins , Pisani Leonardo , Haussen Diogo C , Frankel Michael R , Nogueira Raul G
Published: March 2022

Background

Proper identification of infarct extent is crucial for thrombectomy and prognostication. We sought to study the frequency and topographic aspects of those cases in which CT perfusion (CTP) misses a core lesion that is present on initial non-contrast CT (NCCT).

Methods

A review was carried out of a prospectively collected database of endovascular patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion strokes from January 2014 to November 2018. Patients with an e-ASPECTS <10 and adequate CTP maps were included. Total missed ischemic core (TMC) was defined as a CTP core lesion (relative cerebral blood flow <30%) <1 mL with a visualized hypodensity on NCCT.

Results

In total, 629 patients were analyzed of which 161 (25.6%) had a TMC. On univariate analysis, TMC was associated with isolated deep middle cerebral artery (MCA) strokes (77.6% vs 56.6%, p<0.001), lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (9 (15–20) vs 17 (13–21), p=0.007) and longer times to treatment (452 (288–652) min vs 355 (236–655) min, p=0.03). After adjusting for identifiable confounders, isolated deep MCA stroke was an independent predictor of TMC (OR 2.49 (95% CI 1.63 to 3.8), p<0.001). There were no differences between patients presenting with a TMC and those not with good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale 0–2) (50.8% vs 47.6%, p=0.53) or 90-day mortality (23% vs 17.6%, p=0.17). However, TMC was associated with lower rates of any parenchymal hematomas (5.2% vs 14.6%, p=0.02; aOR 0.11 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.91), p=0.04) and smaller final infarct volumes (20.5 (11.3–42.9) mL vs 47.5 (20.3–85) mL, p<0.001).

Conclusions

CTP may completely fail to detect ischemic core in as many as 25% of cases, especially in isolated deep MCA strokes. Technical refinements of the post-processing algorithms are therefore warranted. TMC infarcts may have a lower risk of reperfusion hemorrhage, potentially due to greater preservation of the neurovascular unit structure in face of delayed recovery of cerebral blood flow.
Complete robotic intervention for acute epistaxis in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia: technical considerations and device selection tips
Authors: Saber Hamidreza , Beaman Charles , Tateshima Satoshi
Published: March 2022

The use of robot-assisted technology is expanding in interventional laboratories with an increasing number of reports of effective treatment delivery in neurointerventional procedures. Here we report the feasibility of complete robot-assisted neurointervention including the guide catheter and microcatheter manipulations with subsequent embolization of the arterial source of hemorrhage in a patient hospitalized with severe COVID-19 complicated by acute epistaxis.
Group characteristics and spatial organization of the Eastern Beaufort Sea beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) population using aerial photographs
Authors: Mayette Alexandra , Loseto Lisa , Pearce Tristan , Hornby Claire A. , Marcoux Marianne
Published: March 2022

While it is known that beluga whales ( Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)) are social animals, sociality within populations remains complex and poorly understood. Using aerial photographs taken in mid-July and early August 2019, we examined group characteristics and spatial organization of the Eastern Beaufort Sea beluga population in two distinct summering areas: (1) the continental shelf and offshore region of the southeast Beaufort Sea and (2) the inshore of the Mackenzie Estuary. Observations revealed that the mean group size was similar in both environments. A piecewise regression analysis showed that belugas were found to be most frequently within 24.6 m of another beluga in the offshore and within 22.0 m in the inshore. The mean interindividual distance of groups composed of subadults and (or) adults was greater than that of groups including younger whales in both environments. Also, the swimming direction of individuals in a group differed less in the offshore than in the inshore. We suggest that habitat shapes the types of activity conducted and that spatial cohesion within groups persists across environmental conditions but changes with age composition. By identifying elements of social structure and important areas for Eastern Beaufort Sea belugas, our results highlight the value of habitat conservation.
Drinking water perception and consumption in Canadian subarctic Indigenous communities and the importance for public health
Authors: Ratelle Mylène , Spring Andrew , Douglas Laird Brian , Andrew Leon , Simmons Deborah , Scully Alexa , Skinner Kelly
Published: March 2022

Resource development and climate change are increasing concerns regarding safe water for Indigenous people in Canada. A research study was completed to characterize the consumption of water and beverages prepared with water and identify the perception of water consumption in Indigenous communities from the Northwest Territories and Yukon, Canada. As part of a larger research program, data for this study were available from a 24-hour recall dietary survey ( n = 162), a health messages survey ( n = 150), and an exposure factor survey ( n = 63). A focus group was conducted with Elders in an on-the-land camp setting. The consumption of water-based beverages in winter was 0.9 L/day on average, mainly consisting of tea and coffee. Of the 81% of respondents who reported consuming water-based beverages in the previous 24 hours of the survey, 33% drank more bottled water than tap water. About 2% of respondents consumed water from the land (during the winter season). Chlorine smell was the main limiting factor reported to the consumption of tap water. Results from the focus group indicated that Indigenous knowledge might impact both the perception and consumption of water. These findings aim to support public health efforts to enable people to make water their drink of choice.
Energy exchange between relativistic fluids: the polytropic case
Authors: Ovalle J. , Contreras E. , Stuchlik Z.
Published: March 2022

We present a simple, analytic and straightforward method to elucidate the effects produced by polytropic fluids on any other gravitational source, no matter its nature, for static and spherically symmetric spacetimes. As a direct application, we study the interaction between polytropes and perfect fluids coexisting inside a self-gravitating stellar object.
Numerical study of the weir angle on the flow pattern and scour around the submerged weirs
Authors: Abadi Masumeh Rostam , Mohsenabadi Saeed Kazemi
Published: March 2022

In this study, the flow pattern and scouring around the submerged sharp edge weir, with different slope angles, have been numerically simulated using the Flow-3D model. After validating the results of the numerical model in simulating the flow pattern and scour around the weir with a 90∘ angle, the effect of the weir angles relative to the upstream and downstream on the flow and scour field had been investigated. The results showed upstream and downstream of the weir, vortex flows were formed and by taking an angle of 90∘, the vortex flows were weakened. In addition, the downstream slope of the weir had little effect on the upstream water level and most changes occurred in the downstream flow depth with a 90∘ angle. The downstream scour depth was independent of the upstream slope angle and the upstream scour depth was independent of the downstream slope. When the upstream angle became closer to the horizon, scouring was reduced in this area. The depth of scour downstream was greater than the depth of scouring upstream. Angles of 50∘, 70∘, 110∘ and 130∘ had slight changes in the depth of the downstream scour, but compared to the angle of 90∘, the depth of the downstream scour for these angles decreased significantly.
Effects of different post-weld heat treatment conditions on mechanical properties and microstructure of welded joints
Authors: Qi Kai , Chen Jingyuan , Liu Bin , Wang Fengjiang
Published: March 2022

Post-weld heat treatment is a standard method to improve the performance of welded joints. Different heat treatment processes have different influences on the performance of welded joints. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the impact of the heat treatment process on welded joints’ performance. This work applied three different heat treatment processes to the welded joints with three different properties. Then hardness test, impact test, tensile test, metallographic analysis and other means were used to evaluate the performance of welded joints after heat treatment. The following conclusions were drawn through the experiments: The change of phase compositions of the welded joints caused by the post-weld heat treatment was considered as the main reason for changes in mechanical properties of the welded joint. The difference in mechanical properties after different welding process and post-weld heat treatment combination was obtained, which has a guiding significance for practical production.
Spinor condensate in spin–orbit coupled Bose gases with inhomogeneous magnetic field
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Bi Hong-Jing , Yang Xiao-Meng , Zhang Li-Li
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we study the dynamic properties of spin–orbit coupling (SOC) spin-1 antiferromagnetic Bose–Einstein condensates with inhomogeneous external magnetic field by numerical simulations of the multicomponent Gross–Pitaevskii equation. Our results show that the spin dynamics process is greatly affected by SOC when the system is in the absence of magnetic field. The periodicity of spin exchange dynamics disappears and the population of thermal clouds for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] gradually increases and decreases and then reaches a steady value. In this case, a stable stripe phase emerges for three-component wavefunction. Nevertheless, the spin dynamics process becomes complex in the presence of magnetic field, depending on the competition between magnetic field and SOC. The influences of SOC are masked by the relatively strong magnetic field and the density structures are similar to the case of without or weak magnetic field.
A Driver Drowsiness Detection Scheme Based on 3D Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Mao Hongyun , Tang Jingling , Zhao Xiaoran , Tang Mingwei , Jiang Zhongyuan
Published: March 2022

It is an obvious fact that drivers’ drowsiness is more likely to cause traffic accidents. Recently, driver drowsiness detection has drawn considerable attention. In this paper, a novel drowsiness detection scheme is proposed, which can recognize drivers’ drowsiness actions through their facial expressions. First, a drowsiness action recognition model based on 3D-CNN is proposed, which can effectively distinguish drivers’ drowsiness actions and nondrowsiness actions. Second, a fusion algorithm of the two input streams is proposed, which can fuse gray image sequence and optical image sequence containing target motion information. Finally, the proposed model is evaluated on National Tsinghua University Driver Drowsiness Detection (NTHU-DDD) dataset. The experimental results show that the algorithm performs better than other algorithms, and its accuracy reaches 86.64%.
Person Re-Identification Combined with Style Transfer and Pose Generation
Authors: Hui Yan , Liang Yingyu , Hu Xiuhua , Wu Xi , Liu Huan
Published: March 2022

The number of existing person re-identification datasets is limited, and there are a series of changes such as illumination, background occlusion and pose among each dataset, which makes it difficult for the existing methods to learn robust feature representation, leading to a decline in recognition performance. To solve these problems, a person re-identification method combining style and pose generation is proposed in this paper. First with the impact of camera style differences in collecting images from different cameras, a style transformation method based on generative adversarial network is introduced into a person re-identification model, and cyclic generative adversarial networks (CycleGAN) is used to realize style transfer and reduce the influence of camera differences. Second, in view of the problem that when pedestrian pose changes greatly, easy to ignore identity-sensitive related information, AlphaPose is introduced to implement pose estimation. Combining style and posture for the first time and using improved deep convolution generative adversarial network (DCGAN) structure enrich the input sample information and generate unified style pose image; while using new synthetic data to train person re-identification network model improves the recognition performance of the model. Finally, further introducing random erasure method during data enhancement, in order to reduce the overfitting phenomena, improves the generalization ability of the network simultaneously and solves partial occlusion. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms typical style-based or pose-based methods. The accuracy of rank-1 and mAP on Market-1501 dataset is 90.4% and 74.5%, respectively, which are 2.28% and 5.78% higher, respectively. To a certain extent, the performance of person re-identification is improved.
Free symmetric pairs in the field of fractions of enveloping Lie algebras with involution
Authors: Gonçalves Jairo Z.
Published: March 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a division ring with center [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] be an involution of [Formula: see text], and let [Formula: see text] be the multiplicative group of [Formula: see text]. A pair [Formula: see text] is called free symmetric, if it is formed by symmetric elements, and it generates a free non-cyclic subgroup of [Formula: see text]. If [Formula: see text] is the enveloping algebra of the non-abelian nilpotent Lie [Formula: see text]-algebra [Formula: see text] over the field [Formula: see text] of characteristic [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] is a [Formula: see text]-involution of [Formula: see text] extended to the field of fractions [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], we show that [Formula: see text] contains free symmetric pairs. We also discuss the consequences of symmetric elements of a normal subgroup being torsion over the center.
Gorenstein and Cohen–Macaulay matching complexes
Authors: Nikseresht Ashkan
Published: March 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a simple undirected graph. The family of all matchings of [Formula: see text] forms a simplicial complex called the matching complex of [Formula: see text]. Here, we give a classification of all graphs with a Gorenstein matching complex. Also we study when the matching complex of [Formula: see text] is Cohen–Macaulay and, in certain classes of graphs, we fully characterize those graphs which have a Cohen–Macaulay matching complex. In particular, we characterize when the matching complex of a graph with girth at least five or a complete graph is Cohen–Macaulay.