bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The coefficients in the asymptotic expansion of solutions of second‐order hyperbolic problems in polygonal domains
Authors: Nkemzi Boniface , Jung Michael
Published: January 2023

Solutions of boundary value problems for linear partial differential equations are known to exhibit singular behaviors near the boundary of nonsmooth domains. In this case, one is usually interested on the asymptotic behavior of the solutions near the geometric singularities. However, for both mathematical and engineering purposes, it is important to have extraction formulas for the coefficients in the asymptotic expansion. In this paper, we consider initial boundary value problems for the wave equation in two‐dimensional domains with corners and derive, by means of Fourier analysis, explicit computable expressions for the coefficients in the asymptotic expansion of the solution near the corners. The explicit structure of the singular solutions presented herein makes it fairly easy to compute numerically. Thus, the formulas can be used to construct postprocessing procedures for improving the accuracy of standard numerical techniques of approximating the solution and for improving the rates of convergence in the error estimates. The analysis presented herein would also apply to more general hyperbolic or parabolic equations with constant coefficients.
A micromechanics‐based recurrent neural networks model for path‐dependent cyclic deformation of short fiber composites
Authors: Friemann J. , Dashtbozorg B. , Fagerström M. , Mirkhalaf S. M.
Published: January 2023

The macroscopic response of short fiber reinforced composites (SFRCs) is dependent on an extensive range of microstructural parameters. Thus, micromechanical modeling of these materials is challenging and in some cases, computationally expensive. This is particularly important when path‐dependent plastic behavior is needed to be predicted. A solution to this challenge is to enhance micromechanical solutions with machine learning techniques such as artificial neural networks. In this work, a recurrent deep neural network model is trained to predict the path‐dependent elasto‐plastic stress response of SFRCs, given the microstructural parameters and the strain path. Micromechanical mean‐field simulations are conducted to create a database for training the validating the model. The model gives very accurate predictions in a computationally efficient manner when compared with independent micromechanical simulations.
Analysis and mitigation of spatial integration errors for the material point method
Authors: Baumgarten Aaron S. , Kamrin Ken
Published: January 2023

The material point method (MPM) is a robust numerical simulation approach for continuum mechanics problems involving large material deformations coupled to changing surface topographies. These types of problems are present in many different engineering contexts, from understanding the failure processes of earthen slopes to predicting the strengths and failure mechanisms of body armor to modeling the impact forces of waves in fluid tanks. By using a set of persistent material point tracers to follow the motion and deformation of the continuum material while solving the equations of motion on a static simulation grid, the MPM avoids several shortcomings of more traditional numerical approaches including blurring of material surfaces — as in Eulerian finite element or finite volume methods (FEMs or FVMs) — and mesh tangling — as in Lagrangian FEMs. Despite its robustness, MPM is known to develop significant numerical errors: namely, (i) the particle ringing instability and (ii) solution dependent discretization and integration errors. In this work, we present an analysis of local‐in‐time, spatial integration errors in the MPM and several techniques designed to mitigate these errors. Error mitigation approaches previously described in the literature are compared to a new method we propose for problems involving very large material deformations. The proposed method is shown to offer substantial improvement over standard MPM for simulations of fluid‐like materials without requiring significant augmentation of existing MPM frameworks.
“We are really starving for respect and support,” the struggle of Iranian nurses in adhering to professional values: A qualitative study
Authors: Kazemi Sahar , Parizad Naser , Habibzadeh Hossein
Published: January 2023

Aims

To investigate nurses' experiences of adhering to professional values in clinical settings.

Design

A qualitative study with a conventional content analysis approach.

Methods

This study was conducted from January 2021 to March 2022. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 12 nurses working in different wards of five public and private hospitals in West Azerbaijan of Iran. Data were analysed using the conventional content analysis approach proposed by Graneheim and Lundman (Nurse education today, 24, 2004, 105)

Results

“Barriers to nurses' professional values” emerged as the main category of Iranian nurses' experiences in adhering to professional values. Three subcategories of barriers were revealed: “nurses' challenges,” “professional suppressors” and “poor working conditions.”

Conclusion

Barriers in clinical settings can overshadow nurses' professional performance and disrupt their adherence to professional values. Nursing managers must pay attention to nurses' challenges, their professional suppressors and poor working condition to help them promote their professional performance in clinical settings. Thus, nursing managers should not neglect the continuous education of nurses to assist them in increasing their clinical skills by holding practical and theoretical workshops. Improving the working conditions and clinical atmosphere by recruiting a capable workforce and applying psychological and financial support for nurses are essential to increase the quality of nursing care.
Using trust‐based philanthropy with community‐based organizations during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Powell Rachel , Evans Dorothy , Bednar Hailey , Oladipupo Brittany , Sidibe Turquoise
Published: January 2023

Community‐based organizations (CBOs) fill a critical role in acting as public health partners and trusted resources for their communities, especially in an emergency. The CDC Foundation, an independent, nonprofit organization, used trust‐based philanthropy to manage more than 110 COVID‐19 grants focused on equitable vaccine information, outreach, and access. The CDC Foundation team uses a trust‐based philanthropy paradigm by applying five out of six of the grantmaking practices: do the homework; simplify and streamline paperwork; be transparent and responsive; solicit and act on feedback; and offer support beyond the check. By applying trust‐based philanthropy practices, the CDC Foundation is empowering CBOs through flexible grant management and more equitable power dynamics as grantee and grantor. This has been essential to CBOs in their efforts of tackling health inequities during the COVID‐19 pandemic and improving community resilience. Lessons learned will inform future collaborations with CBOs where the power dynamics are shared.
Volumetric Analysis of the Sinus and Orbit in Silent Sinus Syndrome After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Amin Dev , Chitguppi Chandala , Xu Vivian , Haghshenas Cameron , Gorniak Richard , Rabinowitz Mindy , Toskala Elina , Rosen Marc , Nyquist Gurston
Published: January 2023

Objective

The term “silent sinus syndrome” (SSS) describes spontaneous enophthalmos secondary to subclinical maxillary sinus atelectasis. Debate remains on whether treatment with endoscopic maxillary antrostomy alone is adequate in reversing atelectasis and globe displacement. This study aims to determine the degree of volume change of the diseased sinus and orbit as well as the change in orbital height in patients treated with endoscopic antrostomy without orbital floor augmentation.

Study Design

Retrospective review with image analysis.

Setting

Single tertiary care institution.

Methods

Three‐dimensional (3D) analysis of computed tomographic imaging data was performed using 3D Slicer. 3D models of the maxillary sinus and orbit of the diseased and normal sides were created, and volume measurements were calculated using the segmentation program.

Results

Thirteen patients with SSS who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and had follow‐up computed tomographic imaging were analyzed. After endoscopic antrostomy, the mean volume of the diseased maxillary sinus significantly increased by 9.82%, from 6.37 to 7.00 cm3 (p = .0302). There was no significant change in mean orbital volume; however, the mean orbital height decreased by 5.67%, from 38.09 to 35.93 mm from pretreatment to posttreatment samples (p = .0101). All patients had resolution of clinical or radiographic enophthalmos and orbital displacement with ESS alone.

Conclusion

Endoscopic maxillary antrostomy alone in the treatment of SSS significantly increased maxillary sinus volume and decreased diseased orbital height. These changes were associated with clinical and radiographic improvement in globe displacement. These findings support performing ESS alone, reserving orbital augmentation for patients who do not exhibit adequate clinical improvement.
Tap‐Tap: Learning Endonasal and Percutaneous Nasal Osteotomy Techniques on 3D‐Printed Midface Models
Authors: Schlegel Lauren , Kumar Ayan , Christopher Vanessa , Belko Sara , Barbarite Eric , Pugliese Robert , Krein Howard , Hutchinson Morgan , Heffelfinger Ryan
Published: January 2023

Nasal osteotomy is one of the most challenging steps of rhinoplasty. Lack of hands‐on training and confidence with this procedure adds to the complexity for learners and trainees. As three‐dimensional (3D) printing becomes increasingly accessible, simulation on 3D printed models has the potential to address this educational need in a safe, reproducible, and clinically realistic manner. The simulation session described in this communication, which utilized our low‐cost, 3D‐printed nasal osteotomy ($12.37) task trainer, produced both educational and confidence benefits for trainees. Here we describe the design, organization, curriculum, and pilot data for a 3D‐printed nasal osteotomy task trainer for the simulation of endonasal and percutaneous nasal osteotomy.
Twelve‐Month Outcomes of Simultaneous Translabyrinthine Resection and Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Doerfer Karl W. , Fritz Christian G. , Porps Sandra L. , Hong Robert S. , Jacob Jeffrey T. , Babu Seilesh C.
Published: January 2023

Objective

Audiometric outcomes at 12 months following simultaneous translabyrinthine (TL) resection of vestibular schwannoma (VS) and cochlear implantation (CI).

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Methods

Adult patients undergoing TL resection of sporadic, unilateral VS ≤ 2 cm were prospectively enrolled. Preoperative testing included binaural AZBio in noise and quiet and unilateral Consonant‐Nucleus‐Consonant (CNC). Tinnitus Handicap Index (THI) and Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing (SSQ) questionnaires were also completed. Patients underwent TL resection with simultaneous CI. The preoperative test battery was repeated at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after activation. Statistical analysis was performed to characterize short‐term outcomes (preoperative to 3 months), longer‐term outcomes (3‐12 months), and overall changes during the preoperative to 12‐month period.

Results

AZBio, CNC, and THI improved at 3 months with no significant changes thereafter and showed durable improvement at 12 months compared to preoperative testing. While SSQ did not improve at 12 months, a subset of patients showed either recovery or improvement of SSQ‐spatial subscores. Patients with cerebellopontine angle tumors had poorer performance, although the impact of tumor size and location could not be deduced based on the small sample size.

Conclusion

Patients undergoing simultaneous CI and TL resection of VS had durable improvements in speech perception and tinnitus severity 12 months following surgery. Subjective improvements in localization were not observed. Additional studies are needed to determine which VS patients are optimal candidates for CI.
Identification of micro‐failure processes of HDPE‐henequen fiber composite material by using acoustic emission monitoring: Effect of fiber surface modification
Authors: Anaya‐Ramirez Roberto Carlos , Rios‐Soberanis Carlos Rolando , Herrera‐Franco Pedro Jesus
Published: January 2023

It is well known that fiber‐matrix interface region is crucial to ensure an efficient stress transfer between matrix and reinforcement and that it controls the composite behavior when subjected to external loads. In this experimental study, micro‐damage mechanisms of HDPE/surface modified henequen fiber reinforced composites are investigated in tensile quasi‐static mode. Two essential parameters of the materials composition were taken as main indicators: fiber length and quality of the fiber matrix adhesion. Essential Work of Fracture theory (EWF) was applied on double edge notch tensile (DENT) specimen geometry. Acoustic Emission (AE) technique was coupled to composite samples to obtain the characteristics of stress waves signals to monitor in real time damage evolution and failure mechanisms detection. Results demonstrated the substantial effect of chemical bonds interaction in the interface area on the composite mechanical properties. The total fracture work (Wf) exhibited an increasing value in both components, We and Wp, in chemically treated fiber composites. Likewise, mechanical properties are reported to be higher by 37% in maximum load in such materials. Elastic waves detected by AE were identified and correlated to micromechanical events during composite damage sequence. Most of the signals corresponded to microcracks (signals of low amplitude, short duration), propagation of microcracks (signals of medium amplitude), fracture of fibers and matrix (signals of long duration and high amplitude). AE signals detected exhibiting higher energy were associated to an enhanced fiber/matrix interface.
Populus endo‐glucanase 16 localizes to the cell walls of developing tissues
Authors: Behar Hila , Mottiar Yaseen , Chandrasekhar Rohan , Grappadelli Allegra Corelli , Pauly Markus , Samuels A. Lacey , Mansfield Shawn D. , Brumer Harry
Published: January 2023

The hemicelluloses comprise a group of matrix glycans that interact with cellulose microfibrils in plant cell walls and play important roles in establishing wall architecture. The structures of hemicelluloses are determined by carbohydrate‐active enzymes (CAZymes) that synthesize, integrate, and break down these polymers. Specifically, endo‐glucanase 16 (EG16) enzymes, which are related to the well‐known xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) gene products in Glycoside Hydrolase Family 16 (GH16), have been implicated in the degradation of the β(1,4)‐linked backbone of mixed‐linkage β(1,3);β(1,4)‐glucans (MLG) and xyloglucans. EG16 members are single‐copy genes found in most plant clades but are absent from many eudicots, including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Until recently, EG16 members had only been characterized in vitro, establishing their substrate specificity, protein structure, and phylogenetic history, but their biological function was unknown. Here we used a hybrid polar, Populus alba × Populus grandidentata (P39), as a model to examine EG16 expression, subcellular localization, and pheno‐ and chemotypes of EG16‐downregulated P39 plants. Populus EG16 expression is strong in young tissues, but RNAi‐mediated downregulation did not impact plant growth nor the fine structure of the hemicellulose xyloglucan, suggesting a restricted or currently unknown role in angiosperm physiology.
Can lung ultrasound score accurately predict surfactant replacement? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of diagnostic test studies
Authors: Capasso Letizia , Pacella Daniela , Migliaro Fiorella , Salomè Serena , Grasso Fiorentino , Corsini Iuri , De Luca Daniele , Davis Peter G. , Raimondi Francesco
Published: January 2023

Background

Clinical and radiographic criteria are traditionally used to determine the need for surfactant therapy in preterm infants. Lung ultrasound is a bedside test that offers a rapid, radiation‐free, alternative to this approach.

Objective

To conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the accuracy of a lung ultrasound score (LUS) in identifying infants who would receive at least one surfactant dose. Secondary aims were to evaluate the predictive accuracy for ≥2 doses and the accuracy of a different image classification system based on three lung ultrasound profiles.

Methods

PubMed, SCOPUS, Biomed Central, and the Cochrane library between January 2011 and December 2021 were searched. Full articles enrolling preterm neonates who underwent lung ultrasound to predict surfactant administration were assessed and analyzed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Protocols (PRISMA‐P) and QUADAS‐2 guidelines.

Results

Seven prospective studies recruiting 697 infants met the inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was generally low. Oxygen requirement, clinical and radiographic signs of respiratory distress syndrome were used as reference standards for surfactant replacement. The summary receiver operator characteristic (sROC) curve for LUS predicting first surfactant dose showed an area under the curve (AUC) = 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82–0.91); optimal specificity and sensitivity (Youden index) were 0.83 and 0.81 respectively. Pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value for LUS predicting the first surfactant dose were 0.89 (0.82–0.95), 0.86 (0.78–0.95), 3.78 (3.05–4.50), 0.92 (0.87–0.97), 0.79 (0.65–0.92). The sROC curve for the accuracy of Type 1 lung profile in predicting first surfactant dose showed an AUC of 0.88; optimal specificity and sensitivity were both 0.86. Two studies addressing the predictive accuracy of LUS for ≥2 surfactant doses had high heterogeneity and were unsuitable to combine in a meta‐analysis.

Discussion

Despite current significant variation in LUS thresholds, lung ultrasound is highly predictive of the need for early surfactant replacement. This evidence was derived from studies with homogeneous patient characteristics and low risk of bias.
Migration and development, without care? Locating transnational care practices in the migration‐development debate
Authors: Withers Matt , Hill Elizabeth
Published: January 2023

Highly‐restrictive temporary labour migration schemes are commonplace throughout the Indo‐Pacific region and continue to expand amid sustained policy enthusiasm for ‘migration‐development’. Yet, the developmental benefits of guestworker schemes are routinely evaluated according to narrow economic criteria, with little consideration given to transnational family separation and the displacement of socially reproductive labour that sustains everyday life. ‘Migration’, ‘development’ and ‘care’ are deeply interlinked political economic processes, yet they have been theorised in partial isolation. We challenge this analytical disconnect, situating the developmental implications of guestworker migration in relation to the total social organisation of labour, and argue for a more holistic ‘migration‐care‐development' nexus that foregrounds unsustainable disruptions to care economies. We ground our framework in the context of Australia's Pacific Labour Scheme to illustrate the developmental consequences for Pasifika households and communities, highlighting the need for ‘decent care’ policies to address care deficits in support of sustainable and gender‐equitable development.
A Comparative Study of ZnS–ZnO Nanocomposite Assembly for Photocatalytic Removal of Crystal Violet Dye
Authors: Gupta Aayush , Kaur Jagdeep , Pandey Om Prakash
Published: January 2023

Herein, the effect of composition on the optical and photocatalytic performance of ZnS–ZnO composite is described. The composite samples are synthesized by chemical precipitation method using (NaOH + Na2S) mixture as the precipitating agent. The chemical composition of precipitating agent results in in situ formation of ZnO and ZnS. Lower content of NaOH in precipitating agent solution (1:3 by volume) exhibits the formation of ZnS, while, its higher concentration induces the phase separation with higher volume fraction of ZnO as observed from X‐ray diffraction patterns. Optical studies suggest the enhancement of visible absorption along with redshift in the absorption edge of composites as compared with bare ZnS nanoparticles (NPs). Moreover, the incorporation of ZnO with ZnS is also supported by optical emission spectra in which intense emission around 507 nm is associated with S‐species. ZnO encapsulation on ZnS NPs exhibits higher emission associated with O‐ defects as compared to S‐species. Since both are near‐UV excited semiconductors, both contribute toward the generation of charge carriers to produce radicals and hence photo‐oxidation of crystal violet dye. Further, little concentration of ZnO with ZnS NPs exhibits comparable photocatalytic efficiency (≈88%) that is observed with other ZnS–ZnO nanocomposite samples.
Achieving herd immunity against COVID‐19 in the Philippines
Authors: Cedeño Trisha Denise D. , Rocha Ian Christopher N. , Miranda Adriana Viola , Lim Leonard Thomas S. , Buban Julian Mikhael A. , Cleofas Jerome V.
Published: January 2023

Achieving herd immunity is crucial for the Philippines, which continues to struggle and recover from the grave impacts of the pandemic, especially regarding its health and socioeconomic sectors. As of November 2022, 65% Filipinos have been vaccinated, nearing the 70% target. Despite this progress, vaccination efforts in the Philippines remain challenged with vaccine hesitancy, unequal distribution, and limitations of the cold chain logistics. This commentary sheds light on the current state of COVID‐19 in the Philippines and discusses the importance and challenges of its pandemic response, in the pursuit of herd immunity within a developing country.
Comparison of multivariate post‐processing methods using global ECMWF ensemble forecasts
Authors: Lakatos Mária , Lerch Sebastian , Hemri Stephan , Baran Sándor
Published: January 2023

An influential step in weather forecasting was the introduction of ensemble forecasts in operational use owing to their capability to account for the uncertainties in the future state of the atmosphere. However, ensemble weather forecasts are often underdispersive and might also contain bias, which calls for some form of post‐processing. A popular approach to calibration is the ensemble model output statistics approach resulting in a full predictive distribution for a given weather variable. However, this form of univariate post‐processing may ignore the prevailing spatial and/or temporal correlation structures among different dimensions. Since many applications call for spatially and/or temporally coherent forecasts, multivariate post‐processing aims to capture these possibly lost dependencies. We compare the forecast skill of different non‐parametric multivariate approaches to modeling temporal dependence of ensemble weather forecasts with different forecast horizons. The focus is on two‐step methods, where, after univariate post‐processing, the ensemble model output statistics predictive distributions corresponding to different forecast horizons are combined to a multivariate calibrated prediction using an empirical copula. Based on global ensemble predictions of temperature, wind speed, and precipitation accumulation of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts from January 2002 to March 2014, we investigate the forecast skill of different versions of ensemble copula coupling (ECC) and Schaake shuffle. In general, compared with the raw and independently calibrated forecasts, multivariate post‐processing substantially improves the forecast skill. Although even the simplest ECC approach with low computational cost provides a powerful benchmark method, recently proposed advanced extensions of the ECC and the Schaake shuffle are found to not provide any significant improvements over their basic counterparts.
Circular economy at the company level: An empirical study based on sustainability reports
Authors: Heras‐Saizarbitoria Iñaki , Boiral Olivier , Testa Francesco
Published: January 2023

Circular economy (CE) has attracted both media and academic interest. However, there is a lack of empirical work that clarifies the specific activities involved in CE at the firm level. To fill this gap, this article offers an analysis of how firms disclose information about their activities associated with CE, based on an extensive worldwide dataset of sustainability reports from 1367 companies. The findings point to a rather limited, superficial and reductionist use of the concept of CE by firms. The concept of CE is only mentioned in around 16% of cases, and, when it is mentioned, it is mostly associated with conventional practices such as waste management and recycling. Conversely, core practices associated with CE, such as reduction, reuse, and remanufacture, are rarely considered. Further avenues for research and implications for managers, public policy makers and other stakeholders are discussed.
Rapid Fabrication of High‐Permeability Mixed Matrix Membranes at Mild Condition for CO2 Capture
Authors: Li Shuo , Sun Yu‐Jie , Wang Zhao‐Xu , Jin Cheng‐Gang , Yin Ming‐Jie , An Quan‐Fu
Published: January 2023

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), conjugating the advantages of flexible processing‐ability of polymers and high‐speed mass transfer of porous fillers, are recognized as the next‐generation high‐performance CO2 capture membranes for solving the current global climate challenge. However, controlling the crystallization of porous metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and thus the close stacking of MOF nanocrystals in the confined polymer matrix is still undoable, which thus cannot fully utilize the superior transport attribute of MOF channels. In this study, the “confined swelling coupled solvent‐controlled crystallization” strategy is employed for well‐tailoring the in‐situ crystallization of MOF nanocrystals, realizing rapid (<5 min) construction of defect‐free freeway channels for CO2 transportation in MMMs due to the close stacking of MOF nanocrystals. Consequently, the fabricated MMMs exhibit approximately fourfold enhancement in CO2 permeability, i.e., 2490 Barrer with a CO2/N2 selectivity of 37, distinctive antiplasticization merit, as well as long‐term running stability, which is at top‐tier level, enabling the large‐scale manufacture of high‐performance MMMs for gas separation.
Bioactive Peptide Nanodrugs Based on Supramolecular Assembly for Boosting Immunogenic Cell Death‐Induced Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Yamei , Chang Rui , Xing Ruirui , Yan Xuehai
Published: January 2023

Immunogenic cell death (ICD)‐induced immunotherapy holds promise for complete elimination and long‐term protective immune responses against cancer by combining direct tumor cell killing and antitumor immune response. Some therapeutic approaches (such as hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, or radiotherapy) and inducers (certain chemotherapy drugs, oncolytic viruses) have been devoted to initiating and/or boosting ICD, leading to the activation of tumor‐specific immune responses. Recently, supramolecular assembled bioactive peptide nanodrugs have been employed to improve the efficacy of ICD‐induced cancer immunotherapy by increasing tumor targeted accumulation as well as responsive release of ICD inducers, directly inducing high levels of ICD and realizing the simultaneous enhancement of immune response through the immune function of the active peptide itself. Here, the authors review bioactive peptide nanodrugs based on supramolecular assembly, mainly as an intelligent delivery system, a direct ICD inducer and an immune response enhancer, for boosting ICD induced cancer immunotherapy. The functions of diverse bioactive peptides used in the construction of nanodrugs are described. The design of a supramolecular assembly, the mechanism of boosting ICD, and synergetic effects of bioactive peptides combined immunotherapy are critically emphasized.
Black Ethnographic Activists: Exploring Robert Park, Scientific Racism, The Chicago School, and FBI Files Through the Black Sociological Experience of Charles S. Johnson and E. Franklin Frazier
Authors: Blackman Shane
Published: January 2023

Charles S. Johnson and E. Franklin Frazier were successful Black sociologists from the 1920s to 1960s, working in an age of scientific racism and eugenics, who battled racial oppression, racist discrimination, and surveillance under the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Both struggled within and against the assimilationist paradigm, yet their ethnographic and critical insights speak out today with continuing relevance in the fight against practical and institutional racial injustice. This study selectively examines Johnson and Frazier's academic careers as forgotten ethnographer activists who have been largely excluded from the dominant narrative of the Chicago School of Sociology. This article argues Robert Park offered opportunities to these Black scholars although the white university system exclusively directed their work towards race studies. Furthermore, the white discipline of sociology failed to recognize Johnson and Frazier's critical ethnographic studies as part of interactionism.
A wheat chromosome segment substitution line series supports characterization and use of progenitor genetic variation
Authors: Horsnell Richard , Leigh Fiona J. , Wright Tally I. C. , Burridge Amanda J. , Ligeza Aleksander , Przewieslik‐Allen Alexandra M. , Howell Philip , Uauy Cristobal , Edwards Keith J. , Bentley Alison R.
Published: January 2023

Genome‐wide introgression and substitution lines have been developed in many plant species, enhancing mapping precision, gene discovery, and the identification and exploitation of variation from wild relatives. Created over multiple generations of crossing and/or backcrossing accompanied by marker‐assisted selection, the resulting introgression lines are a fixed genetic resource. In this study we report the development of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) generated to systematically capture genetic variation from tetraploid (T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) and diploid (Aegilops tauschii) progenitor species. Generated in a common genetic background over four generations of backcrossing, this is a base resource for the mapping and characterization of wheat progenitor variation. To facilitate further exploitation the final population was genetically characterized using a high‐density genotyping array and a range of agronomic and grain traits assessed to demonstrate the potential use of the populations for trait localization in wheat.
Engaging with Family Literacy Scholarship: Bearing Witness to Scholars and Families of Color
Authors: Compton‐Lilly Catherine , Ellison Tisha Lewis , Rogers Rebecca
Published: January 2023

Across research, policy, and practice, the experiences, knowledge, and collective experiences of Families of Color have been routinely erased, disregarded, and ignored, despite their potential for engaging and motivating students, creating inclusive classrooms, and addressing educational inequities. In this metasynthesis, we explicitly focus on what can be learned from Scholars of Color who have strong affinities to research communities and study the language and literacy practices of families. We attend to research findings that are relevant to children and families. We focus on four particularly salient sets of findings related to: 1. Family strengths and resources; 2. In‐betweenness, 3. Past, present, future and intergenerational connections; and 4. Advocacy and agency.
Effect of neonatal immunoglobulin status on the outcomes of spring‐born suckler calves
Authors: Bragg Rachel , Corbishley Alexander , Lycett Samantha , Burrough Elizabeth , Russell Geraldine , Macrae Alastair
Published: January 2023

Background

Successfully rearing beef calves to weaning and beyond determines the economic performance of a beef farm. As such, it is important to understand the factors influencing performance outcomes.

Methods

This study recorded the health events, mortality and growth rates of 674 calves born on 50 commercial beef farms in Great Britain using a postsampling questionnaire. All calves had a known postcolostral serum IgG status.

Results

Preweaning mortality in the study population was 1.5% (10/674 calves), while the treatment rate was 6.4% (43/674 calves). Serum IgG, calf sex and dystocia were significant predictors of whether a calf died and/or required treatment. Average daily liveweight gain was calculated for calves where weaning weights were provided (n= 513). Serum IgG and calf sex were consistent predictors of calf growth rates, while birthweight and whether the calf was born to a cow or heifer were predictive in a model where average daily liveweight gain was converted to a binary response variable using the mean average daily liveweight gain on the calf's farm of origin.

Limitations

Morbidity and mortality were lower than comparable studies, potentially due to limitations in the study design.

Conclusion

Serum IgG and calf sex were significant explanatory variables that affected beef calf average daily liveweight gain. For every 5 g/L increase in serum IgG, the odds ratio of dying and/or requiring treatment decreased by 0.86.
Terminological Definitions
Authors: Al-Tamimi Nawaf , Amin Azzam , Zarrinabadi Nourollah
Published: January 2023

This chapter presents the theoretical underpinnings for the book. First, soft power is defined and related issues to soft power are discussed. Next, the chapter introduces the notion of nation branding as an important asset in responding to political challenges. Moreover, the chapter presents different theoretical underpinning and empirical findings related to nation branding. Finally, the chapter explains public diplomacy and its relationship with soft power and nation branding.
Conclusion
Authors: Al-Tamimi Nawaf , Amin Azzam , Zarrinabadi Nourollah
Published: January 2023

This chapter presents the final remarks about the study. It evaluates the extent to which the use of nation branding and soft power assisted Qatar to respond to the shock and awe of the blockade. It also states that the process of nation branding helped the state of Qatar to create a protective shield of strategic tools that made it difficult for other countries to attack this small state and to incorporate the elements of soft power to maintain its role in the region and internationally.
A Formal Semantics for P-Code
Authors: Naus Nico , Verbeek Freek , Walker Dale , Ravindran Binoy
Published: January 2023

Decompilation is currently a widely used tool in reverse engineering and exploit detection in binaries. Ghidra, developed by the National Security Agency, is one of the most popular decompilers. It decompiles binaries to high P-Code, from which the final decompilation output in C code is generated. Ghidra allows users to work with P-Code, so users can analyze the intermediate representation directly. Several projects make use of this to build tools that perform verification, decompilation, taint analysis and emulation, to name a few. P-Code lacks a formal semantics, and its documentation is limited. It has a notoriously subtle semantics, which makes it hard to do any sort of analysis on P-Code. We show that P-Code, as-is, cannot be given an executable semantics. In this paper, we augment P-Code and define a complete, executable, formal semantics for it. This is done by looking at the documentation and the decompilation results of binaries with known source code. The development of a formal P-Code semantics uncovered several issues in Ghidra, P-Code, and the documentation. We show that these issues affect projects that rely on Ghidra and P-Code. We evaluate the executability of our semantics by building a P-Code interpreter that directly uses our semantics. Our work uncovered several issues in Ghidra and allows Ghidra users to better leverage P-Code.
Digitale Unterstützung für eine partizipative und simulationsbasierte Montageplanung in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen
Authors: Kruse Christian , Duisberg Maximilian , Burgert Florens , Kranz Michael , Latos Benedikt , Venhuis Sebastian , Becks Daniela , Yavari Aresch , Steube-Schwier Oliver , Geuting Mathieu , Mütze-Niewöhner Susanne
Published: January 2023

Im Verbundvorhaben „FlexDeMo – Flexible und demografierobuste Montageorganisationsformen partizipativ planen, simulieren und gestalten“ wurde durch das interdisziplinäre Zusammenwirken von Anwendungs-, Entwicklungs- und Forschungspartnern eine Methoden- und Werkzeugsammlung zur digitalen Unterstützung für eine partizipative und simulationsbasierte Montageplanung in KMU entwickelt. Diese ist in Form der im Internet frei zugänglichenFlexDeMo-Plattform(https://toolbox.flexdemo.eu) verfügbar. Das webbasierte Planungssystem – die FlexDeMo-Toolbox – stellt Methoden und digitale Werkzeuge bereit, die KMU bei der Gestaltung und Optimierung ihrer Montageorganisation von der Projektinitiierung bis hin zur Umsetzung begleiten und unterstützen. Entwicklung und Anwendung des Planungssystems sind eingebettet in ein partizipatives Vorgehen, das den Fokus auf die aktive Mitwirkung der betroffenen Beschäftigten richtet. Diese wurden im Laufe des Projektes zu bestimmenden Treibern und eigenverantwortlichen Gestaltern ihres Arbeitssystems.
Detector Calibration
Authors: Hanagaki Kazunori , Tanaka Junichi , Tomoto Makoto , Yamazaki Yuji
Published: January 2023

The information needed when analysing data, for example, the cross-section measurements, is the 4-momentum vectors of particles in interest, and possibly the knowledge about species of the particles. For this purpose, the detector for the high energy physics is usually designed so that it allows us to measure the momentum or energy, and information for the particle identification, such as velocity. However, the recorded data as they are do not tell us anything. They are just a bunch of digits which are not energies or positions of particles if they are not properly translated into meaningful physical variables.
Analytics of type IIB flux vacua and their mass spectra
Authors: Coudarchet Thibaut , Marchesano Fernando , Prieto David , Urkiola Mikel A.
Published: January 2023

Abstract

We analyze the tree-level potential of type IIB flux compactifications in warped Calabi-Yau orientifolds, in regions of weak coupling and moderately large complex structure. In this regime, one may approximate the flux-induced superpotential W by a polynomial on the axio-dilaton and complex structure fields, and a significant fraction of vacua corresponds to a quadratic W. In this quadratic case, we argue that vacua fall into three classes, for which one can push the analytic description of their features. In particular, we provide analytic expressions for the vacuum expectation values and flux-induced masses of the axio-dilaton and complex structure fields in a large subclass of vacua, independently of the Calabi-Yau and the number of moduli. We show that supersymmetric vacua always contain flat directions, at least at this level of approximation. Our findings allow to generate vast ensembles of flux vacua in specific Calabi-Yau geometries, as we illustrate in a particular example.
Resonant s-channel dark matter annihilation at NLO
Authors: Laine M.
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Studies of dark matter annihilation through an s-channel resonance are often based on recipes such as a narrow width approximation or real intermediate state subtraction. We review a recipe-free formalism that can be implemented at the NLO level in the full theory, and ensures the cancellation of mass singularities. Its basic ingredients can be formulated in the relativistic regime, but we show that the procedure simplifies if we go to the non-relativistic one and assume the presence of kinetic equilibrium. The latter case is illustrated for scalar singlet dark matter with mφ ≃ 60 GeV, freezing out at T ≃ (1–3) GeV, re-confirming the viability of this scenario with couplings tiny enough to evade experimental constraints.
Spectral flow and string correlators in AdS3 × S3 × T4
Authors: Iguri Sergio , Kovensky Nicolas , Toro Julián H.
Published: January 2023

Abstract

We consider three-point correlation functions for superstrings propagating in AdS3 × S3 × T4. In the RNS formalism, these generically involve correlators with current insertions. When vertex operators with non-trivial spectral flow charges are present, their complicated OPEs with the currents imply that standard methods can not be used to compute such correlators. Here we develop techniques for computing all m-basis correlators of the supersymmetric model. We then show how, in some cases, these results can be translated to the x-basis. We obtain a new family of holographic three-point functions involving spacetime chiral primaries living in spectrally flowed sectors of the worldsheet CFT. These match precisely the predictions from the holographic dual at the symmetric product orbifold point. Finally, we also consider long strings and compute the probability amplitude associated with the process describing the emission/absorption of fundamental string quanta.
Double-sided injection lap riveting
Authors: Pragana João P. M. , Sampaio Rui F. V. , Chantreuil Justin , Bragança Ivo M. F. , Silva Carlos M. A. , Martins Paulo A. F.
Published: January 2023

This article presents a double-sided injection lap riveting process for fixing two overlapped sheets with tubular rivets at room temperature. The rivets are injected by compression into the dovetail ring holes that are previously machined in both sheets, and, in contrast to other joining by plastic deformation processes making use of auxiliary elements, the resulting joints are hidden inside the sheets without material protrusions above or below their surfaces. The new process is applied in the fabrication of aluminum busbar joints for energy distribution systems, and comparisons are made against conventional bolted joints that were fabricated for reference purposes. The work combines experimentation and finite element modelling, and results allow concluding that, in addition to invisibility and savings in assembly space, there are important gains in the thermo-electrical performance of the new joints that are of paramount importance for electric distribution applications.
Historical Lattice Trees
Authors: Cabezas Manuel , Fribergh Alexander , Holmes Mark , Perkins Edwin
Published: January 2023

We prove that the rescaled historical processes associated to critical spread-out lattice trees in dimensions $$d>8$$

d
>
8

converge to historical Brownian motion. This is a functional limit theorem for measure-valued processes that encodes the genealogical structure of the underlying random trees. Our results are applied elsewhere to prove that random walks on lattice trees, appropriately rescaled, converge to Brownian motion on super-Brownian motion.
Extensions of dissipative and symmetric operators
Authors: Arendt W. , Chalendar I. , Eymard R.
Published: January 2023

Given a densely defined skew-symmetric operator $$A_0$$

A
0

on a real or complex Hilbert space V, we parameterize all m-dissipative extensions in terms of contractions $$\Phi :{H_{{-}}}\rightarrow {H_{{+}}}$$

Φ
:

H
-

→

H
+

, where $${H_{{-}}}$$

H
-

and $${H_{{+}}}$$

H
+

are Hilbert spaces associated with a boundary quadruple. Such an extension generates a unitary $$C_0$$

C
0

-group if and only if $$\Phi $$
Φ
is a unitary operator. As a corollary we obtain the parametrization of all selfadjoint extensions of a symmetric operator by unitary operators from $${H_{{-}}}$$

H
-

to $${H_{{+}}}$$

H
+

. Our results extend the theory of boundary triples initiated by von Neumann and developed by V. I. and M. L. Gorbachuk, J. Behrndt and M. Langer, S. A. Wegner and many others, in the sense that a boundary quadruple always exists (even if the defect indices are different in the symmetric case).
Sequence stratigraphy and reservoir characterization of the lower Eocene rocks (Thebes Formation) along the Tethyan Ocean's southern margin: biostratigraphy and petrophysical parameter applications
Authors: Ayyad Haitham M. , El-Moghny Mohamed W. Abd , Abuseda Hesham , Samir Ahmed , Bazeen Youssef S.
Published: January 2023

The Egyptian lower Eocene carbonate rocks (Thebes Formation) are part of an extensive carbonate platform formed during an eustatic regression along the Tethyan Ocean's southern margin. These rocks are essential in developing Egypt's petroleum system because they can operate as vertical seals in specific basins or as source-reservoir rocks. However, few in-depth studies have been conducted to explore the diagenetic history, pore system, petrophysical characteristics, and sequence stratigraphic framework of these rocks and its relationship to the global sequences. Multiple datasets (foraminiferal assemblages, petrographic, and petrophysical data) from the lower Eocene strata exposed in Wadi El-Dakhl and El-Sheikh Fadl sections on the western side of the Gulf of Suez were integrated. The biostratigraphic examination of the planktic foraminifera shows that three Eocene biozones (E5–E7) were identified in the studied successions. The reservoir quality index and the flow zone indicator show that reservoir quality ranges from poor to fair and good. The primary reservoir porosity was resulted from diagenetic processes, including dissolution, fracturing, and meteoric diagenesis, which enhanced reservoir quality. The inferred benthic foraminifera and petrographic studies indicate a shallowing upward trend and deposition in fluctuating settings ranging from upper slope to middle shelf. This progressive reduction in the relative sea level corresponds to a gradual eustatic decline and demonstrates the enhanced control of tectonic activity and eustasy. Consequently, the Thebes Formation was deposited due to Tethyan sea-level changes, and its pore system was influenced by tectonics associated with the Syrian Arc system and Gulf of Suez rifting.
Estimating permeability of 3D micro-CT images by physics-informed CNNs based on DNS
Authors: Gärttner Stephan , Alpak Faruk O. , Meier Andreas , Ray Nadja , Frank Florian
Published: January 2023

In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have experienced an increasing interest in their ability to perform a fast approximation of effective hydrodynamic parameters in porous media research and applications. This paper presents a novel methodology for permeability prediction from micro-CT scans of geological rock samples. The training data set for CNNs dedicated to permeability prediction consists of permeability labels that are typically generated by classical lattice Boltzmann methods (LBM) that simulate the flow through the pore space of the segmented image data. We instead perform direct numerical simulation (DNS) by solving the stationary Stokes equation in an efficient and distributed-parallel manner. As such, we circumvent the convergence issues of LBM that frequently are observed on complex pore geometries, and therefore, improve the generality and accuracy of our training data set. Using the DNS-computed permeabilities, a physics-informed CNN (PhyCNN) is trained by additionally providing a tailored characteristic quantity of the pore space. More precisely, by exploiting the connection to flow problems on a graph representation of the pore space, additional information about confined structures is provided to the network in terms of the maximum flow value, which is the key innovative component of our workflow. The robustness of this approach is reflected by very high prediction accuracy, which is observed for a variety of sandstone samples from archetypal rock formations.