bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When didactics meet data science: process data analysis in large-scale mathematics assessment in France
Authors: Salles Franck , Dos Santos Reinaldo , Keskpaik Saskia
Published: May 2020

During this digital era, France, like many other countries, is undergoing a transition from paper-based assessments to digital assessments in education. There is a rising interest in technology-enhanced items which offer innovative ways to assess traditional competencies, as well as addressing problem solving skills, specifically in mathematics. The rich log data captured by these items allows insight into how students approach the problem and their process strategies. Educational data mining is an emerging discipline developing methods suited for exploring the unique and increasingly large-scale data that come from such settings. Data-driven methods can be helpful when trying to make sense of process data. However, studies have shown that didactically meaningful findings are most likely generated when data mining techniques are guided by theoretical principles on subjects’ skills. In this study, theoretical didactical grounding has been essential for developing and describing interactive mathematical tasks as well as defining and identifying strategic behaviors from the log data. Interactive instruments from France’s national large-scale assessment in mathematics have been pilot tested in May 2017. Feature engineering and classical machine learning analysis were then applied to the process data of one specific technology-enhanced item. Supervised learning was implemented to determine the model’s predictive power of students’ achievement and estimate the weight of the variables in the prediction. Unsupervised learning aimed at clustering the samples. The obtained clusters are interpreted by the mean values of the important features. Both the analytical model and the clusters enable us to identify among students two conceptual approaches that can be interpreted in theoretically meaningful ways. If there are limitations to relying on log data analysis in order to determine learning profiles, one of them is the fact that this information remains partial when it comes to describing the complete cognitive activity at play, the potential of technology-enriched problem solving situations in large-scale assessments is nevertheless obvious. The type of findings this study produced is actionable from teachers’ perspective in order to address students’ specific needs.
On the cloud radiative effect for tropical high clouds overlying low clouds
Authors: Kang Hyoji , Choi Yong-Sang , Hwang Jiwon , Kim Hye-Sil
Published: May 2020

Since high and low clouds ubiquitously overlie the Tropical Western Pacific (TWP) region, the cloud radiative effect (CRE) cannot be influenced by either high or low clouds, but by combinations of the clouds. This study investigates the CRE of multi-layered clouds in TWP via a radiative transfer model, Streamer. We assumed that multi-layered clouds are composed of full coverage of high clouds overlying low clouds with fractional coverage. The simulation results show that low clouds readily change CREs from positive to negative in the case of optically thin high clouds, even if the fraction of low clouds takes 10% of that of high clouds. Also, various combinations of physical properties of multi-layered high and low clouds allow more CRE variability (− 253.76 to 93.10 W m−2) than single-layered clouds do (− 101.62 to 96.95 W m−2). Even in the same conditions (total column cloud optical thickness = 15 and high cloud top pressure = 200 hPa), the multi-layer clouds have various CREs from − 180.55 to 45.64 W m−2, while the single-layer high clouds − 2.00 W m−2. These findings are also comparable with satellite observations from CERES and CALIPSO. The present study suggests that considerable uncertainty of radiative effects of high clouds over TWP can attribute to low clouds below high clouds.
Biofabrication of silver nanoparticles from Pseudomonas fluorescens to control tobacco mosaic virus
Authors: Ahsan Taswar
Published: May 2020

A microbe-based silver nanoparticle could inhibit the tobacco mosaic virus. In the present study, AgNO3 reacts with Pseudomonas fluorescens CZ strain fermentative broth and formed silver nanoparticles. The crystallinity and purity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were examined by an X-ray diffractometer. Number of Bragg reflection was indexed in the face-centered AgNPs to show a cubic structure. Observation of scan electron microscope (SEM) confirmed the formation of AgNPs. Antiviral effects determined by percentage inhibition of local lesion of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Spray of AgNPs and inoculation with TMV assayed analysis revealed percentage inhibition of local lesion 92.70. Effects of AgNPs on the morphology of TMV were observed by a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Micrograph images confirmed the significant effects on the morphology of TMV. Biogenic NP from AgNO3 and fermented broth from Pseudomonas fluorescens could be a potent approach to control the TMV.
COVID-19 pandemic: a viewpoint from Asia
Authors: Abdullah-Al-Shafi Md.
Published: May 2020

The expansion of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) has now procured on epidemic percentages, affecting more than 190 nations in a matter of weeks. A widespread SARSCoV-2 contagion begun in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and circulate through China and beyond in December 2019. The containment events in China have lessened new instances by more than 90%, but this diminution is not the case to a different place. European countries like Italy and Spain have been the most affected. In Asia, the COVID-19 brings a catastrophe where after China mainland, countries like Iran and South Korea have been affected. There is now severe apprehension concerning the Asian health care system’s ability to effectually counter to the necessities of patients who are infected and need rigorous precaution for COVID-19. The patient’s ratio in special care reported in Iran has perpetually been between 6 and 8% who are rapidly infected. As about South Korea, the ratio is 3% and 4% who are rapidly infected. This analysis emphasizes the epidemiology of COVID-19, its effects in the Asia continent, and active case study of COVID-19 including the distinct countries.
Disparities of demographics, clinical characteristics, and hospital outcomes of AMI pilgrims vs non-pilgrims—tertiary center experience
Authors: Khaled Sheeren , Ahmed Walaa Eldeen , Shalaby Ghada , Alqasimi Hadeel , Ruzaizah Rahaf Abu , Haddad Mryam , Alsabri Mroj , Almalki Seham , Kufiah Heba , Aboul Elnein Fatma , Jaha Najeeb
Published: May 2020

Background

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is usually caused by rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque leading to thrombotic occlusion of a coronary artery. Cardiovascular disease has recently emerged as the leading cause of death during hajj. Our aim is to demonstrate the AMI pilgrim’s related disparities and comparing them to non-pilgrim patients.

Result

Out of 3044 of patients presented with AMI from January 2016 to August 2019, 1008 (33%) were pilgrims. They were older in age (P< 0.001) and showed significantly lower rates cardiovascular risk factors (P< 0.001 for DM, smoking, and obesity). Pilgrims were also less likely to receive thrombolytic therapy (P< 0.001), show lower rate of late AMI presentation (P< 0.001), develop more LV dysfunction post AMI (P< 0.001), and have critical CAD anatomy in their coronary angiography (P< 0.001 for MVD and = 0.02 for LM disease) compared to non-pilgrim AMI patients. Despite AMI pilgrims recorded higher rate of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) procedures, they still showed poor hospital outcomes (P< 0.001, 0.004, < 0.001, 0.05, and 0.001, respectively for pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock, mechanical ventilation, cardiac arrest, and in-hospital mortality, respectively). Being a pilgrim and presence of significant left ventricular systolic dysfunction, post AMI was the two independent predictors of mortality among our studied patients (P= 0.005 and 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

Although AMI pilgrims had less cardiovascular risk factors and they were early revascularized, they showed higher rates of post myocardial infarction complication and poor hospital outcomes. Implementation of pre-hajj screening, awareness and education programs, and primary and secondary preventive measures should be taken in to consideration to improve AMI pilgrim’s outcome.
Effect of local fluid flow on the reflection and transmission of elastic waves at an interface between an elastic solid and a double-porosity medium
Authors: Wang Enjiang , Ba Jing , Carcione José M. , Liu Yang , Dong Hongchao
Published: May 2020

We have studied the reflection and transmission of elastic waves incident on an interface separating an elastic solid and a double-porosity medium described by the Biot-Rayleigh model that considers the effect of local fluid flow (LFF). The P1- and SV-wave incidence generates two reflected elastic waves in the elastic solid and four transmitted inhomogeneous waves in the double-porosity medium, represented by Helmholtz potential functions. The reflection and transmission coefficients are derived in closed form based on the boundary conditions at the interface. Energy ratios are then derived, and energy conservation at the interface is verified. The contribution of fluid flow to the three transmitted longitudinal waves in the double-porosity medium is expressed as a function of frequency, the transmission coefficient, and the corresponding slowness vector. Numerical examples indicate that LFF predicts significant compressional-wave velocity dispersion in the seismic band, and frequency-dependent reflection and transmission coefficients. For the case in which the incidence angle is larger than the critical angle, the transmitted P1-wave shows a nonzero energy flux in the vertical direction, whereas it does not if LFF is absent.
Exploration of Confounding Due to Poor Health in an Accelerometer–Mortality Study
Authors: MATTHEWS CHARLES E. , TROIANO RICHARD P. , SALERNO ELIZABETH A. , BERRIGAN DAVID , PATEL SHREYA B. , SHIROMA ERIC J. , SAINT-MAURICE PEDRO F.
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Confounding due to poor health is a concern in accelerometer-based studies of physical activity and health, but detailed investigations of this source of bias are lacking.

Methods

US adults (n = 4840) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003 to 2006) wore an accelerometer for 1 to 7 d (mean = 5.7 d) and were followed for mortality through 2015. Logistic regression was used to examine odds ratios between poor health (chronic conditions, self-reported health, mobility limitations, frailty) and low physical activity levels; Cox models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI for mortality associations for a 1 h·d−1 increase in moderate-to-vigorous–intensity physical activity (MVPA) using two commonly used cut-points (MVPA760, MVPA2020). Modeling scenarios with shorter and longer follow-up time, increasing adjustment for poor health, by age group, and after excluding early years of follow-up were used to assess bias.

Results

Over a mean of 10.1 yr of follow-up, 1165 deaths occurred. Poor health was associated with low MVPA760 levels and increased mortality risk. In fully adjusted MVPA760 models, HR was 26% stronger comparing 0 to 4 yr (HR = 0.46) with 0 to 12 yr of follow-up (HR = 0.62), particularly in older adults (65 yr and older). Increasing statistical adjustment for poor health attenuated MVPA760 associations by 13% to 15%, and exclusion of the first 2 yr of follow-up had limited effects. Comparable results were obtained with the MVPA2020 cut-point.

Conclusions

We did not find evidence that confounding by health status resulted in entirely spurious MVPA–mortality associations; however, potential bias was appreciable in modeling scenarios involving shorter follow-up (<6 yr), older adults, and more limited statistical adjustment for poor health. The strength of MVPA–mortality associations in studies reflecting these scenarios should be interpreted cautiously.
Determinantes da estrutura de um conselho de administração
Authors: Vieira Carlos André Marinho , Silva Evaldo José da , Lucena Wenner Glaucio Lopes
Published: May 2020

Este artigo analisa as características empresariais que influenciam o número de membros do conselho de administração (CA), sua independência e a dualidade do diretor executivo (chief executive offi cer [CEO]). A amostra do estudo consiste em 162 empresas financeiras e não financeiras listadas na B3 no período entre 2010 e 2014. Observou-se que empresas maiores, menos endividadas e com perspectiva de crescimento apresentam um conselho formado por mais membros. Holdings, empresas mais antigas, menos lucrativas e com seu CEO compondo o conselho apresentavam menos membros independentes. Empresas mais endividadas, com seu CEO compondo o conselho e com conselhos maiores apresentaram mais membros externos. Por fi m, empresas menores, mais lucrativas e com menos oportunidades de crescimento tinham seu CEO também ocupando o cargo de presidente do CA (chairman).
Inovação como vantagem competitiva em produtos de vestuário e fator de decisão de compra: a visão dos consumidores
Authors: Nunes Thainá Islan Oliveira , Caldeira Adilson
Published: May 2020

Este estudo teve por objetivo compreender como a inovação influencia a decisão de compra dos consumidores de peças de vestuário, de modo a proporcionar vantagens competitivas aos produtos inovadores sobre seus concorrentes. A partir de abordagens já existentes sobre estratégias para a competitividade e práticas de inovação, realizou-se pesquisa de campo, via questionário aplicado a consumidores de produtos de vestuário, para identificar sua visão quanto às práticas de inovação e a competitividade de empresas que suprem esse mercado. Adotou-se um método quantitativo, com fim exploratório. Os dados foram coletados via internet em questionário com 20 assertivas, sendo consideradas válidas 211 respostas. Os dados foram submetidos a estatística descritiva para o perfil da amostra e estatística multivariada (análise fatorial e de correlação), com uso do software SPSS. A análise identificou correlações entre práticas de inovação e decisão de compra de produtos no setor em questão, na visão dos participantes da pesquisa. Os resultados evidenciam a subjetividade no valor percebido pelo consumidor – como a utilidade do produto e os benefícios oferecidos, a influência da diferenciação do produto como determinante na decisão de compra, a percepção do valor da inovação pelos consumidores (que aceitam pagar mais pelo diferencial) e a preferência por marcas inovadoras e internacionais – e revelam aspectos que podem ser utilizados estrategicamente pelas empresas na conquista e fidelização de seus clientes, propiciando vantagens competitivas.
Gerenciamento de redes em saúde na administração pública: o caso zika
Authors: Fontes-Filho Joaquim Rubens , Kaufmann Carla Xavier dos Santos , Fonseca Tania Maria Peixoto , Pimenta Roberto da Costa , Souza Juliana Bezerra de , Novaes Ernane Dantas
Published: May 2020

O enfrentamento a epidemia de zika no Brasil foi marcado pela articulação e cooperação de diversos atores nacionais e internacionais, configurando uma rede de emergência em saúde coordenada pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS). O objetivo deste artigo e apresentar a descrição e análise sobre a formação, a estruturação, o funcionamento e a desmobilização dessa rede, tendo por base as funções propostas pelo referencial de ativação, enquadramento, mobilização e síntese. Por ser um evento histórico próximo, adequadamente documentado, e pela possibilidade de compreender o evento também sob a perspectiva dos principais atores envolvidos, utilizou-se a abordagem de estudo de caso longitudinal. Constatou-se a utilidade do referencial na análise das funções da rede, além de permitir identificar possibilidades de melhoria.
How does market concentration influences Brazilian firms’ operational performance? an analysis of concentration moderating effect
Authors: Lourenço Wesley da Silva , Louzada Luiz Cláudio , Novaes Paulo Victor Gomes
Published: May 2020

This article focus on investigate the moderation role of market concentration on the relationship between operational performance and firms’ costs composition. We adopt for operational performance the Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) and the Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL) as proxy for firms’ cost behavior. As proxy for market concentration, we adopted Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and we also include the Degree of Financial Leverage (DFL) as moderating variable to increase our robustness. The database covers non-financial firms at Brazilian market from 1996 to 2016, third quarter. Our findings indicates the existence of a moderating effect of concentration on the relationship between ROIC and DOL at Industry and Services sectors. Overall results suggest the existence of a relation between firms’ operational performance and cost behavior, indicated by a negative relationship between ROIC and DOL. Furthermore, Degree of Financial Leverage (DFL) and market concentration (HHI) exert a combined moderating role on the relationship between ROIC and DOL. At Industry and Services sectors, in the extent that market concentration moves towards a higher concentration level configuration, the moderating effect of HHI becomes more latent.
Decentralized solar-powered drinking water ozonation in Western Kenya: an evaluation of disinfection efficacy
Authors: Hendrickson Colin , Oremo Jared , Akello Oscar Oluoch , Bunde Simon , Rayola Isaac , Akello David , Akwiri Daniel , Park Sung-Jin , Dorevitch Samuel
Published: May 2020

Background: Decentralized drinking water treatment methods generally apply membrane-based treatment approaches. Ozonation of drinking water, which previously has only been possible at large centralized facilities, can now be accomplished on a small-scale using microplasma technology. The efficacy of decentralized solar-powered ozonation for drinking water treatment is not known.

Methods: We established a 1,000L decentralized solar-powered water treatment system located in Kisumu County, Kenya. Highly contaminated surface water is pumped to the treatment system, which includes flocculation and filtration steps prior to ozonation. Turbidity, total coliform bacteria, and E. coli were measured at various stages of water treatment, and bacterial log reduction values (LRVs) were calculated.

Results: Nine trials were conducted treating 1000L of water in three hours. Baseline turbidity and E. coli concentrations were reduced from a median of 238 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) and 2,752 most probable number/100mL, respectively, in surface water to 1.0 NTU and undetectable E. coli per100mL in finished drinking water. The nine trials yielded a mean E. coli LRV of 3.36 (2.71-4.00, 95% CI).

Conclusions: Based on the observed reduction of E. coli, the solar-powered system shows promise as a means for producing safe drinking water. Further research is needed to characterize limitations, scalability, economic viability, and community perspectives that could help determine the role for similar systems in other settings.
DEPRESSIKA: An Early Risk of Depression Detection through Opinions
Authors: Chataut Abhusan , Chatterjee Jyotir Moy , Rouniyar Rabi Shankar
Published: May 2020

Deep learning is a very dynamic area in Sentiment Classification. Text analytics is the process of understanding text and making actionable decisions and acting on it. be it Amazon Alexa, Siri, Cortana everything is made up of Natural Language Processing. Text to speech and Speech to text are generating so many data sets every day. The internet has the largest repository of data, it is hard to define what to exactly do with it. sentiment are the opinions or the way of feelings of the public usually in the sequential form, in which many people face difficulty in living their daily life. Some are even ending their life just they are depressed. The approach here is to help the people suffering from depression with appropriate methodology to use in this work. Depressika: Early Risk of Depression Detection with opinions is a web application which detects the early risk of depression from the social media posts created by the users with appropriate Recurrent Neural Networks [RNN]. This is a classification problem of the Machine Learning [ML]. Depressika builds on Waterfall Methodology of application development using the Keras, Tensor Flow, Scikit-Learn and Matplotlib to carryout and process sequential data and the overall process of development is carried out by Python programming Language.
Classical and Fuzzy Based Image Enhancement Techniques for Banana Root Disease Diagnosis: A Review and Validation
Authors: Suryaprabha D. , Satheeshkumar J. , Seenivasan N.
Published: May 2020

A vital step in automation of plant root disease diagnosis is to extract root region from the input images in an automatic and consistent manner. However, performance of segmentation algorithm over root images directly depends on the quality of input images. During acquisition, the captured root images are distorted by numerous external factors like lighting conditions, dust and so on. Hence it is essential to incorporate an image enhancement algorithm as a pre-processing step in the plant root disease diagnosis module. Image quality can be improved either by manipulating the pixels through spatial or frequency domain. In spatial domain, images are directly manipulated using their pixel values and alternatively in frequency domain, images are indirectly manipulated using transformations. Spatial based enhancement methods are considered as favourable approach for real time root images as it is simple and easy to understand with low computational complexity. In this study, real time banana root images were enhanced by attempting with different spatial based image enhancement techniques. Different classical point processing methods (contrast stretching, logarithmic transformation, power law transformation, histogram equalization, adaptive histogram equalization and histogram matching) and fuzzy based enhancement methods using fuzzy intensification operator and fuzzy if-then rule based methods were tried to enhance the banana root images. Quality of the enhanced root images obtained through different classical point processing and fuzzy based methods were measured using no-reference image quality metrics, entropy and blind image quality index. Hence, this study concludes that fuzzy based method could be deployed as a suitable image enhancement algorithm while devising the image processing modules for banana root disease diagnosis.
Data-driven three-dimensional super-resolution imaging of a turbulent jet flame using a generative adversarial network
Authors: Xu Wenjiang , Luo Weiyi , Wang Yu , You Yancheng
Published: May 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) is becoming a well-established tool for turbulent combustion diagnostics. However, the 3D CT technique suffers from contradictory demands of spatial resolution and domain size. This work therefore reports a data-driven 3D super-resolution approach to enhance the spatial resolution by two times along each spatial direction. The approach, named 3D super-resolution generative adversarial network (3D-SR-GAN), builds a generator and a discriminator network to learn the topographic information and infer high-resolution 3D turbulent flame structure with a given low-resolution counterpart. This work uses numerically simulated 3D turbulent jet flame structures as training data to update model parameters of the GAN network. Extensive performance evaluations are then conducted to show the superiority of the proposed 3D-SR-GAN network, compared with other direct interpolation methods. The results show that a convincing super-resolution (SR) operation with the overall error of

∼

4

%

and the peak signal-to-noise ratio of 37 dB can be reached with an upscaling factor of 2, representing an eight times enhancement of the total voxel number. Moreover, the trained network can predict the SR structure of the jet flame with a different Reynolds number without retraining the network parameters.
Mantis: an all-sky visible-to-near-infrared hyper-angular
spectropolarimeter
Authors: Foster Robert , Gray Deric , Bowles Jeffrey , Korwan Dan , Slutsker Ilya , Sorokin Mikhail , Roche Michael , Smith Adam , Pezzaniti Larry
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we introduce and present first results from Mantis, a pushbroom type
spectropolarimeter recently acquired by the Naval Research Laboratory
and built by Polaris Sensor Technologies, Inc. The instrument is
designed for high spatial and spectral resolution polarimetric imaging
of downwelling skylight. Linear Stokes vectors are acquired over the
spectral range of 382–1017 nm, with

≈
0.64

n
m

channel spacing, and each line scan
consists of 2226 pixels over a 72° field of view (0.75 mrad
instantaneous). Measurement of the full sky dome is achieved through
the use of a high-precision motorized pan-tilt unit and systematic
scanning. An automated Sun shade allows for data collection in the
main solar plane without saturation of the focal plane. The
uncertainty in the degree of linear polarization varies between 0.07%
and 0.5%, depending on incidence angle and wavelength. The total
radiometric uncertainty is 2.07% to 2.5%, of which 2% is absolute
calibration error. Preliminary data analysis reveals the instrument
has a large potential for remote sensing applications.
Nonstationary angular distribution of optical field radiance from an isotropic source in sea water
Authors: Luchinin Alexander G. , Kirillin Mikhail Yu. , Dolin Lev S.
Published: May 2020

The spatial-angular and temporal characteristics of the radiance of the light field emitted by a nonstationary point isotropic source in sea water are studied. Using the Monte Carlo method, we calculated the pulse transfer functions and frequency responses of the angular radiance distributions at various distances from the source. Particular integral characteristics of the angular radiance distributions are estimated. It is shown that with an increase in the delay time, measured from the time of arrival of ballistic photons, the angular radiance distribution asymptotically tends to be isotropic. The frequency and phase responses of the alternating radiance component from a source modulated by power at a high frequency are studied. It is shown that with an increase in the modulation frequency, the angular distribution of the alternating radiance component is concentrated close to the direction to the source.
Improvement of dark signal evaluation and signal-to-noise ratio of multichannel receivers in NIR heterodyne spectroscopy application for simultaneous CO2 and CH4 atmospheric measurements
Authors: Zenevich Sergei , Gazizov Iskander , Churbanov Dmitry , Spiridonov Maxim , Rodin Alexander
Published: May 2020

This work presents the design of multichannel heterodyne signal detection. The measuring capabilities of the proposed configuration were tested based on the developed multichannel laser heterodyne spectroradiometer (MLHS). The MLHS can simultaneously detect absorption features of atmospheric CO2 and CH4 in the NIR spectral range with an ultra-high spectral resolution of λ/δλ ∼ 6 × 107. Such a high resolution allows the MLHS to measure fully resolved individual line contours at 1.605 µm and 1.655 µm for CO2 and CH4 respectively. We propose a new method for synchronous measurements of dark and mixed signals and discuss its effect on the recorded data. We demonstrate advantages of the proposed technique by detailed comparison of data measured by MLHS and a single channel laser heterodyne spectroradiometer.
Animais do Nosso Mar
Authors: Oliveira Joana Cabral , Pardal Miguel
Published: May 2020

A Universidade de Coimbra, com mais de 730 anos de história, possui um vasto património acumulado, material e imaterial, que reflete todos os períodos da história e investigação científica em Portugal. O valor universal deste imenso acervo, em particular das coleções biológicas e bibliotecas, convoca a Universidade de Coimbra para o esforço de o conservar, mas também de o difundir e valorizar. Na convicção do conhecimento ser de todos e para todos, revemo-nos na certeza de a Ciência Aberta ser indispensável a uma sociedade mais informada e mais consciente do Planeta que habita, contribuindo para a tornar mais humana, mais justa e mais democrática. As ilustrações aqui reproduzidas foram retiradas de várias obras à guarda da biblioteca do Departamento de Ciências da Vida da Universidade de Coimbra. Foi, assim, também nosso propósito dar a conhecer o rico e amplo acervo da Universidade de Coimbra, bem utilizando os livros para um dos seus fins: a aprendizagem e o gosto pelas ciências.
China Contemporânea
Authors: Mendes Carmen Amado
Published: May 2020

A abrangência dos temas aqui abordados oferece uma introdução ao estudo da China contemporânea, das raízes históricas e culturais do Império do Meio às estratégias das cinco gerações de líderes da República Popular da China, caracterizando a sua organização política e modelo de desenvolvimento económico. A sua reemergência nas Relações Internacionais e recente posicionamento face à globalização enquadram a atual abordagem geopolítica da China na sua relação com diversos Estados e regiões geográficas. Em suma, o livro procura guiar o leitor na compreensão da China no quadro do sistema internacional contemporâneo, terminando com uma apresentação prospetiva dos seus desafios políticos, económicos e sociais.
La retórica como política
Authors: Jiménez Sánchez José Joaquín
Published: May 2020

Aristóteles sostuvo la diferencia entre el saber científico que se ocupa de lo indiscutible y necesario y el propio de una facultad como la retórica que lo hace de las opiniones comunes a la mayoría de los miembros de la ciudad, con el fin de persuadirlos, pues tales opiniones son, aunque pueden no serlo, pues cabe que sean de otra manera. En la doxa sigue presente de manera plena el mundo y solo en él tiene lugar la discusión política, aunque no poseamos ya, como sucedía con Aristóteles, ni una ciencia de la política que establezca como incuestionable el fin de la ciudad, ni una ética que defina el bien absoluto, ni tampoco conocemos una ley indiscutible, la ley común establecida por la naturaleza. Esta es la razón por la que nos encontramos en una situación en la que no cabe la política como ciencia al modo aristotélico, sino solo la retórica, entendida ahora como política, en la que todo es debatible sin que poseamos ningún criterio que actúe como elemento de orientación en la discusión. De ahí la necesidad de divisar tierra firme que nos oriente en el mar encrespado de discursos libres en el que navegamos.
Die Kirche des Heiligen Geistes. Die Ekklesiologie des orthodoxen Theologen Nikolai Afanasiev
Authors: Avakian Sylvie
Published: May 2020

This article presents the theology of the Orthodox theologian Nikolai Afanasiev, who calls the Church, the Church of the Holy Spirit. The Church, as Afanasiev expresses it, »lives and acts through the [Holy] Spirit,« so the Holy Spirit is its true inner principle. For Afanasiev, all the baptized are called to the Holy Priesthood. He recognizes the love and witness of Christ as paramount for the Church, before ecclesial power and its law. In this sense, Afanasiev's position differs from the prevailing understanding of the Church in the two common traditions of the West and the East, which often regard the Church as subject to the conditions and necessities of the law.
Tipo de cambio real y finanzas públicas subnacionales: efectos de las depreciaciones reales en Argentina
Authors: Puig Julián Mariano , Pitetti Diego Andrés
Published: May 2020

El presente trabajo estudia el efecto de las depreciaciones reales sobre el escenario fiscal subnacional en Argentina para el período 1960–2017. Se analiza no solo el efecto sobre gastos, ingresos y deuda subnacional a nivel agregado, sino que también se focaliza en la composición de estas variables. El gasto se analiza según su clasificación económica  —corrientes y de capital—, los ingresos según provengan de recaudación propia o de transferencias de otras jurisdicciones —principalmente del Gobierno Nacional— y la deuda según el prestamista —Gobierno Nacional u organismos multinacionales—. Los resultados sugieren que ante una depreciación real tanto los gastos como los ingresos caen, experimentando estos últimos una caída de mayor magnitud que deteriora el resultado fiscal y, a su vez, los efectos son heterogéneos entre las provincias. Por otra parte, la deuda pública provincial, reacciona positivamente ante dicho shock dada la elevada proporción de deuda denominada en moneda extranjera respecto del total.
Conocimiento y empleo de medidas de apoyo a las pymes en Argentina
Authors: Revale Hernán , Ascúa Rubén
Published: May 2020

El presente trabajo propone hacer un relevamiento respecto de conocimiento y empleo de medidas de fomento a las pymes y relacionarlos con variables estructurales de las mismas. Para ello, a fines de 2017 y comienzos de 2018 se realizaron encuestas a una muestra representativa de pymes de la ciudad de Rafaela. En particular, se relevó sobre conocimiento y utilización de líneas de apoyo financiero, y sobre la ley Pyme 27264, la cual reporta de ciertos beneficios a aquellas empresas registradas en la AFIP como categoría pyme.Se observó que las empresas del sector industrial principalmente y de mayor tamaño son aquellas que conocen y utilizan en mayor medida tales tipos de políticas. Se encontró que, en términos generales, las líneas de financiamiento a las pymes son poco conocidas, y los beneficios de la ley Pyme son utilizados en una medida mayor. De los beneficios destacaron el uso del descuento del «Impuesto al cheque» del Impuesto a las Ganancias, diferir el pago del IVA por 90 días, y el descuento del Impuesto a las Ganancias de la inversión en maquinaria o infraestructura.Además, se analizaron asociaciones entre variables categóricas que representan el aprovechamiento de las medidas estudiadas y otras variables de características de interés de las empresas. Los resultados obtenidos abren nuevas preguntas a fines de ahondar en las justificaciones y la causalidad de las asociaciones.
Metáfora y producción de sentido en el conocimiento profesional del profesor
Authors: Castañeda Mosquera Lila Adriana
Published: May 2020

Se reflexiona acerca de cómo el discurso del profesor interpela a los estudiantes para devenir nuevos sujetos y se constituye a través de metáforas, las cuales integran su conocimiento profesional. Se ubican los desarrollos del programa de investigación acerca del conocimiento profesional docente, campo que ha adquirido particular relevancia en los últimos veinte años, particularmente desde las didácticas específicas. Se acopian diferentes perspectivas teóricas desde una perspectiva analítica discursiva acerca de las metáforas como constituyentes del pensamiento y de la producción del sentido como la conjunción entre significado y valor. Finalmente se presentan resultados de investigaciones sobre el discurso docente analizado desde una metodología cualitativa- interpretativa, haciendo evidente cómo se producen nuevos sentidos para los sujetos que participan de la acción educativa, dando cuenta de la forma como los docentes, ejerciendo su papel como trabajadores de la cultura e intelectuales transformativos, construyen las nociones que enseñan a través del pensamiento metafórico, que se muestra como una potencial riqueza de los profesores, ya que construye sentidos desde lo lúdico, lo sensible y lo imaginario.
The Impact of Combination of Ozonation and Ultrasonication Process on Morphological and Chemical Properties of κ-Carrageenan
Authors: Nurfiningsih Nurfiningsih , Ratnawati Ratnawati , Prasetyaningrum Aji
Published: May 2020

Carrageenan application in the biomedical field is influenced by the size of molecular weight. Depolymerization process is needed for changing the high molecular weight (HMW) fraction of κ- carrageenan into low molecular weight fraction (LMW) of κ- carrageenan. Ozone is a powerful oxidant and considered for depolymerization of κ- carrageenan. This research was conducted as an investigation on the influence of the combination of ozonation and ultrasonication (OZ/US) on the chemical and morphological characteristics of κ-carrageenan. FTIR and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the change of chemical and morphological characteristics of κ-carrageenan. The result of this study showed that there was no change of chemical properties of κ-carrageenan during OZ/US treatment. The sulfate content was obtained after OZ/US treatment tends to be stable.  Nevertheless, the result of SEM analysis showed that there were changes on morphological characteristics of κ-carrageenan after OZ/US treatment.  Keywords: ultrasonication, κ-carrageenan, ozonation, morphological, chemical
Utilization of Crude Intracellular Chitinase Enzyme from Providencia stuartii for Glucosamine Production from Shrimp Shells
Authors: Hardoko Hardoko , Mastuti Titri Siratantri , Puspasari Desy , Halim Yuniwaty
Published: May 2020

Chitin hydrolysis using enzyme is one of the methods to produce glucosamine in shorter time compared to using microbial cells, but the ability to produce glucosamine at enzyme’s optimum condition is influenced by substrate concentration and fermentation time. The objective of this research was to determine the optimum substrate concentration and fermentation time of shrimp shells’ chitin to produce glucosamine at the optimum pH and temperature of crude intracellular chitinase enzyme from Providencia stuartii. Method used was experimental method, started by extraction of intracellular enzyme from P. stuartii, followed by determination of optimum pH and temperature of enzyme. The optimum condition was used for experiment of shrimp shells’ chitin fermentation with treatments of chitin substrate concentration (0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0%) and fermentation time (2, 4, 6 and 24 hours). Results showed that optimum enzyme activity occurred at pH of 5.0 and temperature of 40oC, which was about 6.03 U/ml. Concentration of chitin substrate and fermentation time influenced the amount of glucosamine obtained. Fermentation of shrimp shells’ chitin using crude intracellular enzyme was optimum at 1.0% substrate concentration and 6 hours fermentation time, which produced glucosamine about 1680.06±58.49 ppm. Keywords: intracellular chitinase enzyme, glucosamine, shrimp shells’ chitin, P. stuartii
Kinetics and equilibriums adsorption of Cu (II) ion by chitosan and cross-linked chitosan-bentonite
Authors: Hargono Hargono , Sarah Angga Mei , Nevrita Feninda , Jos Bakti
Published: May 2020

The sorption of Cu (II) particle from aqueous solution onto chitosan and cross-connected chitosan-bentonite (CTS-BTN) as adsorbent were conducted in batch conditions. The impact of different test parameters: starting pH, sorption time was assessed. Equilibrium studies have been completed to decide the limit of chitosan and CTS-BTN for Cu (II) particle. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used in the examination of the trial information as linearized conditions. It was discovered that the isotherm information were all around portrayed by the Langmuir isotherm. Chitosan and CTS-BTN showed an adsorption capacity of 125 mg/g and 142.86 mg/g, respectively. The constant of adsorption rate was investigation utilizing a pseudo first order and a pseudo second order model. The pseudo second order model brought about the best fit with test information (R2= 0,991 for CTS and R2= 0,995 for CTS-BTN), additionally giving a constant rate k2, ads= 8.85 x 10-5 g/mg min for CTS and 3.72 x 10-4 g/mg min for CTS-BTN. Recommending that this model could be used in design and applications.Keywords:  adsorption; Cu(II) ion; chitosan; cross-linked; isotherm; kinetics
Effect of hydrocolloid on characteristics of gluten free bread from rice flour and fermented cassava flour (Fercaf)
Authors: Lestari Dianika , Kresnowati Made Tri Ari Penia , Rahmani Afina , Aliwarga Lienda , Bindar Yasid
Published: May 2020

Gluten free (GF) bread was made from rice flour and fermented cassava flour. Fermented cassava flour (FERCAF) was produced using a specific design of closed and circulated fermenter, which resulted on a white and neutral aroma flour. However, FERCAF did not have structural component (such as gluten) to provide dough's viscoelasticity and ability to retain gas to hold the volume of bread after baking. Hydrocolloids were added to FERCAF based GF bread to increase water binding of dough. This research aimed to investigate the effect hydrocolloids addition on the characteristics of GF bread made from rice flour and fermented cassava flour (FERCAF). Effect of hydrocolloids to flour ratio (2 %, 3 % and 5 %-wt) and types of hydrocolloid (xanthan gum, agar, and carrageenan) on specific volume of bread, bake loss, bread texture, and microstructure of the bread were investigated. Bread textures were measured using Texture Profile Analyzer (TPA), and microstructure was analysed by SEM. Data experiment showed that addition of hydrocolloids improved GF bread characteristics, specifically increased volume specific, increased porosity, and reduced hardness of GF bread.Keywords: gluten-free bread; cassava; fermented cassava flour; Fercaf; hydrocolloids
Study on Organic Redox Flow Battery Mechanism using TEMPO and FMN-Na Solutions
Authors: Kusumah Faishal Maulana , Pridiana Dita Baeti , Kusnadi Peter , Ariyanti Dessy
Published: May 2020

Among numerous energy storage technologies, redox flow battery is one of the promising technologies that can be used to supply reliable continuation of electricity to electricity grids with a scale up to MW or MWh.  In this paper, the process mechanism and optimization of redox flow battery using organic solution such as Riboflavin-5’-phosphate sodium salt dihydrate (FMN-Na) as anolyte and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO) as catholyte were investigated. Sodium and chloride ions in salt feed were moved respectively to anolyte and catholyte by electrochemical reaction of electrolytes during the charge process and return to the feed during the discharge process. The study was carried out by given electric current with different voltage to graphite electrode range 1,5-10,5 volts and TEMPO concentration 0,02-0,08 M. The result shows that the optimum voltage is 7,5 volts with the concentration of TEMPO 0,06 M. The result also confirms the role of TEMPO solutions in the cathode. In addition to that, the FTIR and SEM analysis to the sedimentation generated during the process also revealed the change of the anolyte and catholyte after charging process.Keywords: Organic; Flow Battery; TEMPO; FMN-Na; energy storage
Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Human Excreta and Corn Stalk for Biogas Production
Authors: Hadiyarto Agus , Pratiwi Dyah Ayu , Septiyani Aldila Ayu Prida
Published: May 2020

The anaerobic decomposition process of human feces substrate with a C/N ratio of 14.6 has failed to produce biogas optimally. In order to produce biogas maximally, the C/N ratio in the substrate should be in the range of 20-30. In this study, a combination of human feces substrate (C / N = 14.6) with corn stalk waste (C / N = 66.5) was carried out. Corn stalks were soaked first in a NaOH solution to separate lignin before being mixed with human feces. In this study the effect of the C/N ratio from the combination of feces and corn stalks as well as the effect of the type of activated sludge on the rate of biogas production were evaluated. The C/N ratios were varied at 20, 25, and 30 with F/M of 0.5. As the source of microbes is the activated sludge of human feces. A further experiment was carried out by varying the types of microbes where sludge from cow's rumen, activated sludge from feces, and activated sludge from rotten corn stalk was employed at a C/N ratio of 30 and F/M of 0.5. The results of this study showed that the optimal biogas production was obtained at a C/N ratio of 30 with a cumulative gas volume of 13.185 ml for 60 days. The type of microbes that produce maximum biogas production was the activated sludge from the rumen. The optimum biogas yield was obtained at 4.184 liters/kg COD, which was achieved in the stationary phase with a C/N ratio of 30.Keywords: anaerobic co-digestion; biogas; corn stalk; human feces
Language and gender: Mainstreaming and the persistence of patriarchy
Authors: Cameron Deborah
Published: May 2020

Issues related to gender (and sexuality), largely ignored in the early development of sociolinguistics, have emerged as a cornerstone of the field. Spurred on by the feminist movement and new generations of engaged scholars addressing how language use both reveals and embeds gender inequalities, scholarship on such questions is now “mainstream” across a range of disciplines. Deborah Cameron argues that the primary focus in recent decades on social identity and performance, while path-breaking in many ways, has had the unintended consequence of drawing attention away from core issues of power and patriarchy in terms of gender relations.
Race, language, and representations
Authors: Lo Adrienne
Published: May 2020

In her contribution, Adrienne Lo reflects on how scholars of language use have engaged with issues of race and racialization in the United States since the 1970s. She traces how scholars’ emphases have shifted between a focus on the “real” and authentic productions of language varieties by racialized groups and the ways political, economic and cultural forces shape how that language use is represented and (de)legitimized. Lo concludes with a discussion of the stakes of sociolinguistic study of race given the contestations around “race” as a concept, and argues that research in this space should seek to engage broader publics.
Musings on Native American language reclamation and sociolinguistics
Authors: Leonard Wesley Y.
Published: May 2020

Sociolinguistic approaches to Native American languages are best conducted as part of a project of “language reclamation,” argues Wesley Y. Leonard. He discusses how framings of Indigenous languages as “endangered,” while in some ways well-intentioned, replicate the distance of language communities from scholarly research. An emphasis on reclamation – “efforts by Indigenous communities to claim the right to speak their heritage languages” – highlights the role of the community members in the production of knowledge on and the revival of Native American languages.
Multi-frame super resolution via deep plug-and-play CNN regularization
Authors: Zhao Shengrong , Liang Hu
Published: May 2020

Because of the ill-posedness of multi-frame super resolution (MSR), the regularization method plays an important role in the MSR field. Various regularization terms have been proposed to constrain the image to be estimated. However, artifacts also exist in the estimated image due to the artificial tendency in the manually designed prior model. To solve this problem, we propose a novel regularization-based MSR method with learned prior knowledge. By using the variable splitting technique, the fidelity term and regularization term are separated. The fidelity term is associated with an “L2{L^{2}}-L2{L^{2}}” form sub-problem. Meanwhile, the sub-problem respect to regularization term is a denoising problem, which can be solved by denoisers learned from a deep convolutional neural network. Different from the traditional regularization methods which employ hand-crafted image priors, in this paper the image prior model is replaced by learned prior implicitly. The two sub-problems are solved alternately and iteratively. The proposed method cannot only handle complex degradation model, but also use the learned prior knowledge to guide the reconstruction process to avoid the artifacts. Both the quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate that the proposed method gains better quality than the state-of-the-art methods.