bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interannual Changes in the Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Against Pregnant Women in Miyagi Prefecture After the Great East Japan Earthquake: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Tanoue Kaou , Nishigori Hidekazu , Watanabe Zen , Tanaka Kosuke , Sakurai Kasumi , Mizuno Satoshi , Ishikuro Mami , Obara Taku , Tachibana Masahito , Hoshiai Tetsuro , Saito Masatoshi , Sugawara Junichi , Tatsuta Nozomi , Fujiwara Ikuma , Kuriyama Shinichi , Arima Takahiro , Nakai Kunihiko , Yaegashi Nobuo , Metoki Hirohito
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to clarify the interannual changes in intimate partner violence against pregnant women after the March 11, 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake in target areas of Miyagi Prefecture that were damaged by the earthquake and tsunami. Because of this disaster, in Miyagi Prefecture, approximately 12,000 people died or went missing, and approximately 238,000 buildings were destroyed. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, the Great East Japan Earthquake is the fourth largest earthquake in the world and the largest in Japan since 1900. The present study was part of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. Data from June 2011 to May 2014 of 79,222 pregnant women were analyzed, calculating the prevalence of physical and mental intimate partner violence in the inland, north coastal, and south coastal areas of Miyagi. These prevalence rates were compared with nationwide rates of intimate partner violence in 2011 using univariate and logistic regression analyses. After the disaster, the incidence of mental intimate partner violence increased in the south coastal area and then improved later (19.4%, 13.1%, and 13.3% for south coastal area, and 13.8%, 13.8%, and 13.1% for nationwide in 2011, 2012, and 2013, respectively). However, in the north coastal area, the incidence of physical intimate partner violence increased after the disaster and then improved later (2.7%, 1.5%, and 1.3% for north coastal area, and 1.4%, 1.3%, and 1.1% for nationwide in 2011, 2012, and 2013, respectively). In the inland area, however, the prevalence of both mental and physical intimate partner violence was consistently higher than nationwide rates after the disaster.
Tribological behavior of Ti6Al4 V alloy swing against UHMWPE under different lubrication
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Chen Kai , Xu Linmin , Qi Jianwei , Luo Yong , Zhang Dekun
Published: October 2019

Friction and wear tests were performed in this study between the Ti6Al4 V socket and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) ball on swinging friction tester to clarify the wear mechanism of Ti6Al4V/UHMWPE friction pair under different conditions, including dry condition, simulated body fluid (SBF), and fetal bovine serum (FBS). Results showed that there are many scratches in different depths on the edge of the Ti6Al4 V socket, which reveals the characteristic of swinging friction, and the wear severity of the scratches was the worst under dry friction. What is more, the wear mechanism models under different lubrication conditions have been established. The wear mechanism of Ti6Al4 V alloy is mainly a combination of abrasive and oxidation wear, whereas the wear mechanism of UHMWPE is a combination of adhesive and abrasive wear. Compared with the dry friction condition, the friction coefficient and wear rate decreased under SBF and FBS lubrication conditions, and the wear mechanisms presented primarily adhesive wear combined with minimal oxidation wear. Among the three conditions, the effects of reducing friction and improving lubrication showed the following tendency: FBS > SBF > dry condition.
Prevalence and Impact of Pharmacy Students as Patient Care Extenders in Medically Underserved Community Pharmacies
Authors: White Nicole , Galt Kimberly , Ridgway John E. , Skrabal Maryann Z. , Jones Rhonda , Willman Claire C.
Published: October 2019

Objective:

The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and describe the patient care impact of student pharmacists completing community pharmacy rotations in medically underserved areas (MUAs) in Nebraska.

Methods:

A list of pharmacy student advanced pharmacy practice experience placements over a 3-year period were obtained from 2 pharmacy schools in Nebraska and then mapped in relation to MUAs in the state. A mixed-methods approach was used to compare and relate findings of a student-logged patient care activity database and semistructured interviews with pharmacy preceptors of participating students.

Results:

Pharmacy students were placed in 21 (13%) of 159 identified pharmacies located in MUAs. Pharmacy preceptors felt students improved the quality of patient care provided as a result of more uninterrupted time with the patient. Preceptors also indicated that student presence assists both the student and the practicing pharmacist engage in more patient care services.

Conclusion:

There exists a significant opportunity to utilize advanced pharmacy practice students to extend patient care services and address health-care needs in underserved communities, but student placement in MUAs should be optimized.
Abiding by the Law? Using Benford’s Law to Examine the Accuracy of Nonprofit Financial Reports
Authors: Qu Heng , Steinberg Richard , Burger Ronelle
Published: October 2019

Benford’s Law asserts that the leading digit 1 appears more frequently than 9 in natural data. It has been widely used in forensic accounting and auditing to detect potential fraud, but its application to nonprofit data is limited. As the first academic study that applies Benford’s Law to U.S. nonprofit data (Form 990), we assess its usefulness in prioritizing suspicious filings for further investigation. We find close conformity with Benford’s Law for the whole sample, but at the individual organizational level, 34% of the organizations do not conform. Deviations from Benford’s law are smaller for organizations that are more professional, that report positive fundraising and administration expenses, and that face stronger funder oversight. We suggest improved statistical methods and experiment with a new measure of the extent of deviation from Benford’s Law that has promise as a more discriminating screening metric.
Experimental studies on the performance of mobile air conditioning system using environmental friendly HFO-1234yf as a refrigerant
Authors: Rajendran Prabakaran , Sidney Shaji , Ramakrishnan Iyyappan , Dhasan Mohan Lal
Published: October 2019

In this work, the experimental investigation on the performance and exergy analysis of mobile air conditioning system with suction line heat exchanger using environmental friendly HFO-1234yf was carried out under varied evaporator air flow rates. The performance was compared with existing HFC-134a results. The performance analysis showed that the cooling capacity and the coefficient of performance of the system with HFO-1234yf were lower than that of the HFC-134a by upto 2–11%. The power consumption and the volumetric efficiency of the compressor with HFO-1234yf were found to be 14.02% and 11.2% higher than that of HFC-134a. From the exergy analysis, it was observed that the major exergy destruction occurred in the compressor, followed by the condenser, evaporator, thermostatic expansion valve, and suction line heat exchanger for both refrigerants. The exergy efficiency of the system with HFO-1234yf was 2.4–12.6% lower than that of HFC-134a. From this study, it was observed that the losses experienced in the compressor, thermostatic expansion valve and evaporator lead to poor performance with HFO-1234yf.
An experimental study on the characteristics of vibration source in urban rail transit turnouts
Authors: Wang Liuchong , Ping Wang , Zhao Caiyou , Liu Dongya , Ke Wenhua
Published: October 2019

Due to the structural characteristics of railway turnouts, as well as their vulnerability to damage and other problems, the environmental vibrations induced by urban rail transit often have a greater effect on the railway turnouts than that on an ordinary line. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out an in-depth study on the characteristics of vibration source on the turnouts. In this paper, a group of representative turnouts is selected for field testing on four typical lines of different operational times in a Chinese city. The profile and rail irregularity of the turnouts are measured to evaluate the service condition of the turnouts and the wheel–rail interaction. The vibration acceleration of the track structure and tunnel wall is measured as the train passes the turnout by setting the measuring points in the two main vibration sources, including the switch and the crossing section. The time–frequency domain analysis method is used to analyze these data. It is found that the source strength of the tunnel wall in the crossing section is much greater than that in the switch section, and that the lateral vibration level is often greater than the vertical vibration level. Unexpectedly, there is a low positive correlation between the vibration level and the train speed, while the healthy state of the turnout rails has a great influence on the vibration level. According to the results of the research, the sources of vibration excitation in the turnouts are complex; therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate their environmental impact and take corresponding vibration control measures.
Experimental research into the low-temperature characteristics of a hydraulic damper and the effect on the dynamics of the pantograph of a high-speed train running in extreme cold weather conditions
Authors: Wang Wenlin , Liang Yuwen , Zhang Weihua , Iwnicki Simon
Published: October 2019

There is likely to be a demand to run high-speed trains in extreme cold weather conditions in the near future; therefore, it is important to study the change in the characteristics of the materials and components in an extreme cold environment and their effects on the vehicle system dynamics. Experimental research into the low temperature characteristics of a pantograph hydraulic damper was carried out in this study. The results show that low temperature causes an increase in damping forces, and when the temperature is above the boundary temperature range, most indices of the damping capability increase with the decrease of temperature; when the temperature is below the boundary temperature range, most indices decrease with the decrease of temperature. Key parameters are identified to obtain the theoretical description of low-temperature damping characteristics using a simplified-parametric damper model and the experimental data. A mathematical model of the pantograph–catenary system incorporating the pantograph damper model is then established to calculate the effect of the damper performance on the pantograph dynamics low temperatures. Simulation results show that the lowering performance of the pantograph deteriorates noticeably due to the unstable low-temperature damping characteristics, but the deterioration of the raising performance and contact quality of the pantograph due to the low-temperature characteristics of the damper are less obvious. The results obtained in this study are valuable for understanding the low-temperature characteristics of a hydraulic damper, and instructive in the optimal specification of the pantograph damper for high-speed trains running in cold weather conditions.
Comparison of a closed-loop control by means of high-fidelity and low-fidelity coupled CFD/RBD computations
Authors: Franze Marius
Published: October 2019

This work compares the principle of a basic fin-controlled sounding rocket with coupled computational fluid dynamic and rigid body dynamic simulations of two coupling environments: (1) a low-fidelity approach using Missile DATCOM as semi-empirical aerodynamic solver, and (2) a high-fidelity approach using DLR TAU as URANS CFD code. The flight mechanics solver REENT is used in both cases. A closed-loop flight path control is developed and adjusted via low-fi simulations and then verified via high-fi simulations. For simple roll and pitching maneuvers the environments match well, whereas differences can be seen in complex maneuvers, e.g. body–body interactions of separation procedures.
Statistical modeling, Sobol sensitivity analysis and optimization of single-tip tool geometrical parameters in the cortical bone machining process
Authors: Tahmasbi Vahid , Safari Mehdi , Joudaki Jalal
Published: October 2019

Machining and cutting of cortical bones are very common and important in the field of orthopedic surgeries. Considerable advances in bone machining are obtained by using computer numerical control machines and automatic surgery robots but still, researches are needed to investigate the effects of machining parameters in bone machining. In this article, for the first time, the effect of geometrical parameters of the single-tip tool on cortical bone machining is studied. The machining parameters included in the investigation are rake angle, back rake angle and side cutting edge angle and the response surface methodology is used to analyze the obtained surface quality according to a second-order regression model. The sensitivity of surface quality to the input parameters was measured by applying Sobol sensitivity analysis and the results are optimized by the Derringer algorithm. Finally, the optimum tool is determined as 15° rake angle, −5° back rake angle and 30° side cutting edge angle. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the surface quality to the input parameters is determined as 52% for rake angle, 31% for side cutting edge angle and 17% for back rake angle.
Resituating cognitive mechanisms within heterarchical networks controlling physiology and behavior
Authors: Bechtel William
Published: October 2019

Cognitive science has traditionally focused on mechanisms involved in high-level reasoning and problem-solving processes. Such mechanisms are often treated as autonomous from but controlling underlying physiological processes. I offer a different perspective on cognition which starts with the basic production mechanisms through which organisms construct and repair themselves and navigate their environments and then I develop a framework for conceptualizing how cognitive control mechanisms form a heterarchical network that regulates production mechanisms. Many of these control mechanisms perform cognitive tasks such as evaluating circumstances and making decisions. Cognitive control mechanisms are present in individual cells, but in metazoans, intracellular control is supplemented by a nervous system in which a multitude of neural control mechanisms are organized heterarchically. On this perspective, high-level cognitive mechanisms are not autonomous, but are elements in larger heterarchical networks. This has implications for future directions in cognitive science research.
Effect of both selenium and biosynthesized nanoselenium particles on cadmium-induced neurotoxicity in albino rats
Authors: Al Kahtani MA
Published: October 2019

Because cadmium (Cd) is not naturally degradable by ecosystems, it interferes with many types of food chains. Cd accumulates in the kidney, liver and in the nervous tissues, especially the brain. The neurotoxicity of Cd is very high, as it alters the integrity, and increases the permeability, of the blood–brain barrier. Cd penetrates and accumulates in neurons in the brains of rats. This study reveals that Cd decreases antioxidant enzymes and increases oxidative stress in the brain. In addition, Cd increases lipid peroxidation of brain tissues. Cd increases the expression of the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene. It also affects cholinergic, glutamatergic, gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABAergic), dopamine, serotonin and acetylcholine neurotransmitters in brain tissue. Consequently, Cd increases the formation of amyloid β, a neurotoxic index, and induces apoptosis by changing the quality and the quantity of Bcl-2, Bax and p53 proteins. In conclusion, both selenium and nanoselenium show potential antioxidant activity and promote recovery from the neurotoxic action of Cd.
Effect of air pollution on hospital admissions for systemic lupus erythematosus in Bengbu, China: a time series study
Authors: Zhao C -N , Mei Y -J , Wu G -C , Mao Y -M , Wu Q , Dan Y -L , Pan H -F
Published: October 2019

Recently, exposure to air pollutants has been associated with the development and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The current study aims to evaluate the effects of air pollutants on SLE hospital admissions in Bengbu, China. We performed distributed lag non-linear model combined with quasi-Poisson generalized linear regression to assess the impacts of air pollutants on SLE admissions from 2015 to 2017. Subgroup analyses by admission status (first admission or readmission) were also evaluated. A total of 546 hospital admissions during 2015–2017 were included. For single-day lag structures, the risk effects occurred from lag 2 to lag 9 for the 75th percentile particulate matter (PM)2.5, lag 3 to lag 9 for the 80th percentile PM2.5. For cumulative lag structures, the risk effects occurred from lag 0–5 to lag 0–14 for both 75th PM2.5 and 80th PM2.5, and no significant effect was observed for 90th PM2.5. In addition, the adverse effects on SLE first admissions occurred from lag 0 to lag 1 for NO2, lag 1 to lag 2 for SO2. The maximum effect of PM2.5 on SLE was 4.27 (95% confidence interval: 1.34–13.59) at lag 0–13 day, the minimum effect value was 1.12 (95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.23) at lag 9 day. These findings demonstrate that high PM2.5, NO2 and SO2 are associated with SLE hospital admissions. In addition, this study further revealed that exposure to high concentration of PM2.5 increased the risk of SLE relapse, while high levels of NO2 and SO2 increased the risk of SLE first admissions.
A Phase 1 Study of Intravenous Busulfan as a Conditioning Regimen for Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Radhakrishnan Sabarinath V. , Boyer Michael , Sherwin Catherine M. , Zangari Maurizio , Tricot Guido
Published: October 2019

The efficacy of melphalan (MEL) 140 mg/m2 pre-transplant conditioning versus MEL 200 mg/m2 for the elderly is still debated. We hypothesized that single-agent intravenous busulfan (BU) would show significant anti-myeloma efficacy and be better tolerated by elderly patients. A prospective 3+3 dose escalation study enrolled symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM) patients 65 years or older with SWOG performance 0–2 for treatment with intravenous BU pre-transplant at different administration levels. The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of BU that could be safely given over the least number of days. All patients, except one, received maintenance treatment post-transplant, mostly for 2 years. We enrolled 13 patients, mean age of 73 years (range 68–80). Pharmacokinetic analysis showed no greater than 2% accumulation in the 13 patients, confirming a lack of accumulation in the multi-dose regimen. No deaths occurred in the peri-transplant period. Grade 3/4 adverse effects were hematological, no dose-limiting toxicity was observed and MTD was not reached. Three patients developed grade 3 mucositis but none developed veno-occlusive disease. Ten (77%) patients achieved a complete remission (CR) post-transplant with a remarkably long average time to best response of 6.7 months (range: 6–14 m), and two attained a partial response. Median overall survival was 84 months (95% CI, 21–104) and the median progression-free survival was 60 months (95% CI, 9–93). Our results suggest that IV BU could be an alternative conditioning regimen to MEL 140 in elderly patients with MM, and supports future randomized trials.
Institutional Factors for Academic Entrepreneurship in Publicly owned Universities in Japan: Transition from a Conservative Anti-industry University Collaboration Culture to a Leading Entrepreneurial University
Authors: Yoshioka-Kobayashi Tohru
Published: October 2019

The establishment of university spin-offs differs across schools as a result of the interactions among different intuitional settings. This study examines the role of institutional factors in the context of state-controlled universities, which are the majority in East Asia, but have not been the focus of the existing literature. The University of Tokyo experienced a significant shift from an anti-industry university collaboration culture to a leading entrepreneurial university in the mid-2000s. This study proposes a chronological investigation of the policies and culture of this state-owned top research university and addresses its significant efforts to create an entrepreneurial environment. First, despite the regulatory constraints, the university has established an incubator and early-stage investment resource, benefiting from prior experimental experiences in an independent research centre. Second, it opened a special non-degree entrepreneurship education programme for students and postdoctoral researchers. These facts show the importance of an organisational initiative even in a state-controlled context. Regarding the reasons why such changes did not cause internal cultural conflict, our case studies suggest that the academic and commercial bicultural system introduced by the University of Tokyo balanced the fulfilment of traditional academic roles with the drive for innovation.
Body Weight, Body Weight Perception, and Bullying Among Adolescents in Malaysia
Authors: Ganapathy Shubash Shander , Tan LeeAnn , Sooryanarayana Rajini , Hashim Mohd Hazrin , Saminathan Thamil Arasu , Ahmad Fazila Haryati , Salleh Ruhaya , Abdul Aziz Nur Shahida
Published: October 2019

Body weight is a factor, with body weight perception a mediator, toward being a victim of bullying. This study aimed to explore the association between body weight, body weight perception, and bullying among students 13 to 17 years of age in Malaysia. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. A 2-stage stratified cluster sampling design was used, and 212 schools across Malaysia were selected for this survey. Body weight was measured and body weight perception was the student’s reflection of their body weight. The prevalence of being bullied among adolescents in Malaysia was 16.2%. Being too thin or being obese increased the probability of being bullied. Students with a normal body mass index, but with a misperception of their body weight, also had increased odds of being bullied. Obesity prevention, together with instilling positive body weight perception, should be part of all programs directed toward tackling the problem of bullying.
Opportunities and Threats in Reviewing Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice
Authors: Rauch Andreas
Published: October 2019

Reviews have a critical role in knowledge accumulation in entrepreneurship. Good reviews do not just summarize the literature but provide unique contributions on theory testing, theory development, the identification of research gaps, and suggestions for future research. This editorial discusses different forms for reviews, their strengths and weaknesses, and how they best contribute to the field.
Assessing the Impacts of Pediatric Primary Care Parenting Interventions on EI Referrals Through Linkage With a Public Health Database
Authors: Mendelsohn Alan L. , Cates Carolyn Brockmeyer , Huberman Harris S. , Johnson Samantha B. , Govind Prashil , Kincler Naomi , Rohatgi Rashi , Weisleder Adriana , Trogen Brit , Dreyer Benard P.
Published: October 2019

We sought to determine whether pediatric primary care interventions targeting positive parenting among low socioeconomic status mothers resulted in reduced referrals to the New York City Early Intervention Program (NYC-EIP). Participants in Building Blocks (BB) and the Video Interaction Project (VIP) were linked with the NYC-EIP administrative dataset to determine referrals. In all, 139 of 422 study participants (31.4%) meeting inclusion criteria were referred to the NYC-EIP. Although referrals did not differ overall by group (VIP 29.8%; BB 33.8%; control 35.3%), differences were found for mothers with education/literacy of seventh grade or higher (interaction p = .02). In that subgroup, VIP was associated with reduced referrals by age 3 years (22.4%; adjusted odds ratio 0.53; 95% confidence interval [0.29, 0.97]), compared with BB (35.0%) and controls (34.3%), with survival analysis showing reduced cumulative risk ( p = .04). We conclude that VIP resulted in reduced referrals for early intervention evaluation among children of mothers with seventh-grade education or higher.
Thromboprophylactic Efficacy and Safety of Anticoagulants After Arthroscopic Knee Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yu Yang , Lu Shitao , Sun Jinpeng , Zhou Wei , Liu Hongjian
Published: October 2019

To examine the efficacy and safety of anticoagulants after knee arthroscopy (KA), PubMed, EMBASE, databases of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched up to August 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCT). Seven RCTs including 4097 patients were demonstrated eligible according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The efficacy and safety of thromboprophylaxis were assessed and expressed using relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). The analysis of pooled data showed that anticoagulants group exhibited significant lower overall incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE; RR = 0.35, 95% CIs: 0.22-0.55, P < .00001), significant higher incidence of all bleeding events (RR = 1.42, 95% CIs: 1.08-1.86, P = .01) compared to control group. However, no significant difference was found in terms of incidence of symptomatic VTE (RR = 0.43, 95% CIs: 0.15-1.21, P = .11) and incidence of major bleeding events (RR = 1.87, 95% CIs: 0.40-8.67, P = .42). The pooled number needed to treat to prevent one symptomatic or asymptomatic VTE was 26, while the pooled number needed to harm to cause one major bleeding event was 869. These results show that anticoagulants can effectively reduce the overall risk of VTE after KA; however, the increased risk of bleeding should be fully considered. Further studies are required to address the risk–benefit calculus and cost-effectiveness of anticoagulants after KA.
Patient-Reported Chronic Pain Outcomes After Lung Transplantation
Authors: Klinger Rebecca Y. , Cunniff Claire , Mamoun Negmeldeen , Cooter Mary , Hashmi Nazish , Hopkins Thomas , Smith Patrick , Hartwig Matthew , Bottiger Brandi
Published: October 2019

Chronic pain after lung transplantation is a significant concern, in particular given the heterogeneity of the patient population and the challenges of achieving adequate pain control amid concerns related to complex immunosuppressant regimens and the possibility of respiratory depression. We undertook a patient-reported outcomes (PRO) survey administered via our electronic health care portal to examine the postoperative incisional pain prevalence in a cohort of lung transplant recipients at a single, high-volume center where bilateral thoracosternotomy is the preferred surgical approach. The Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Health and Pain Intensity short forms were sent to a total of 173 lung transplant recipients who were more than 2 months postsurgery at the time of the study. A total of 64 patients responded to both PROMIS surveys (response rate 38%). In the cohort of survey respondents, we observed a chronic pain incidence of 58% after lung transplantation (median pain score 1/10) and an overall good quality of life score (median score 4/5); however, only 9.4% reported moderate-severe pain (pain score ≥5/10). Survey nonrespondents had higher rates of pretransplant opioid and psychiatric medication use compared with respondents. In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of using an electronic PRO survey for assessing postoperative pain outcomes after lung transplantation. However, measuring pain outcomes using this type of tool highlights issues of response rate and potential selection bias. Larger studies are needed to adequately assess the risk and predictors of chronic pain after lung transplantation and its impact on quality of life.
Success in Long-Standing Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) Partnerships: A Scoping Literature Review
Authors: Brush Barbara L. , Mentz Graciela , Jensen Megan , Jacobs Brianna , Saylor Kate M. , Rowe Zachary , Israel Barbara A. , Lachance Laurie
Published: October 2019

Background. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is increasingly used by community and academic partners to examine health inequities and promote health equity in communities. Despite increasing numbers of CBPR partnerships, there is a lack of consensus in the field regarding what defines partnership success and how to measure factors contributing to success in long-standing CBPR partnerships. Aims. To identify indicators and measures of success in long-standing CBPR partnerships as part of a larger study whose aim is to develop and validate an instrument measuring success across CBPR partnerships. Methods. The Joanna Briggs Institute framework and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guided searches of three databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus) for articles published between 2007 and 2017 and evaluating success in CBPR partnerships existing longer than 4 years. Results. Twenty-six articles met search criteria. We identified 3 key domains and 7 subdomains with 28 underlying indicators of success. Six partnerships developed or used instruments to measure their success; only one included reliability or validity data. Discussion. CBPR partnerships reported numerous intersecting partner, partnership, and outcome indicators important for success. These results, along with data from key informant interviews with community and academic partners and advisement from a national panel of CBPR experts, will inform development of items for an instrument measuring CBPR partnership success. Conclusion. The development of a validated instrument measuring indicators of success will allow long-standing CBPR partnerships to evaluate their work toward achieving health equity and provide a tool for newly forming CBPR partnerships aiming to achieve long-term success.
Real-life anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema in an Italian tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Battaglia Parodi Maurizio , Romano Francesco , Arrigo Alessandro , Sacchi Raffaele , Scanzi Gianluca , Ferri Camilla , Bandello Francesco
Published: October 2019

Purpose:

To study the real-life outcomes of intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment in patients affected by age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema in an Italian tertiary referral hospital over a 2-year follow-up.

Methods:

Patients with confirmed diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration or diabetic macular edema and 2 years of follow-up were retrospectively analyzed. They underwent a loading dose of three monthly anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injections, with re-treatment performed following a “pro-re-nata” regimen. Best-corrected visual acuity and central retinal thickness were collected and statistically analyzed.

Results:

In total, 167 diabetic macular edema eyes and 108 age-related macular degeneration eyes were included. Mean age was 63.4 ± 11.8 years for diabetic macular edema and 75.6 ± 8.4 years for age-related macular degeneration. For diabetic macular edema patients, mean number of injections was 5.0 ± 1.7 at 1 year and 2.8 ± 1.8 at 2 years. Mean best-corrected visual acuity improved from 60 Early Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters to 66.7 letters at 1 year, and to 70 letters at 2 years (p < 0.001). Mean central retinal thickness decreased from 459 ± 148 µm to 327 ± 163 µm and 261 ± 89 µm, respectively, at the first and the second year (p < 0.001).With respect to age-related macular degeneration patients, mean number of injections was 5.3 ± 2.2 at 1 year and 3.3 ± 1.5 at 2 years. Mean best-corrected visual acuity improved from 63 Early Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters to 68 letters at 1 year and to 70 letters at 2 years (p < 0.001). Mean central retinal thickness was 411 ± 146 µm, decreasing to 271 ± 93 µm at 1 year and 260 ± 68 µm at 2 years (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Our study described the 2-year real-life outcome of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment of diabetic macular edema and age-related macular degeneration.
Using the epidemiology of critical limb ischemia to estimate the number of patients amenable to endovascular therapy
Authors: Fereydooni Arash , Gorecka Jolanta , Dardik Alan
Published: October 2019

Critical limb ischemia represents the advanced stage of peripheral artery disease, a health problem with increasing prevalence. Critical limb ischemia is associated with significant mortality, limb loss, pain, and diminished health-related quality of life. Public awareness and early diagnosis are necessary for an effective treatment with early risk factor modification, smoking cessation, and exercise therapy. Herein, we present an overview of the epidemiology as well as the clinical stages of the disease, and estimate that there are 6.5 million patients with critical limb ischemia in the US, Europe, and Japan based on global population-based studies. At least 75% of these patients, accounting for approximately 4.8 million patients, are amenable to endovascular therapy.
Relationships among hope, psychological well-being and health-related quality of life in childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Ho LLK , Li WHC , Cheung AT , Ho EKY , Lam KKW , Chiu SY , Chan GCF , Chung JOK
Published: October 2019

This cross-sectional study examined the level of hope among Hong Kong childhood cancer survivors and investigated the relationships among hope, depressive symptoms, self-esteem and health-related quality of life. We recruited 176 survivors aged 10–16 years who underwent medical follow-ups at the outpatient clinic. This study revealed that lower levels of hope were associated with an increase in depressive symptoms and reductions in self-esteem and health-related quality of life. Our results contribute to novel findings by demonstrating that hope may be a significant factor associated with health-related quality of life. This understanding could increase healthcare professionals’ awareness about the psychological needs of childhood cancer survivors.
An evaluation of training to prepare nurses in a home-based service to care for children and families
Authors: Jones Catherine , Fraser Jennifer , Randall Sue
Published: October 2019

Evaluation of training was conducted for a paediatric hospital-in-the-home service in Sydney, Australia. Community nurses with no paediatric training or experience were employed and undertook a training program. The aim was to assess the degree to which the training had prepared them to care for children and families in their homes. A mixed-methods design was employed. Overall, the following aspects of the training were well received by the community nurses: paediatric resuscitation, growth and development, clinical deterioration and child protection. Each topic provided basic knowledge and skills in the speciality. The participating nurses generally reached a ‘competent’ level of practice as defined by Benner (2000). Further training and development is recommended. Where paediatric nursing practice is isolated from acute paediatrics services, opportunities must be provided to improve safe levels of practice for children of all ages.
‘Seeing isn’t doing’: Examining tensions between bodies, videogames and technologies ‘beyond’ the game
Authors: Egliston Ben
Published: October 2019

Broadcasts of esport have come to function as technological intermediaries that shape how individuals engage with videogames in an everyday capacity. This article focuses on the moments of bodily tension when spectators of esport attempt to emulate techniques and strategies derived from broadcasts of esport matches. I present findings from a wider study which reveal three tensions: (1) antagonistic relations between players’ bodily faculties and techniques shown in esports, enculturated through esports’ popularity, and its perpetuation of bodily mastery and technological competency as key ways of engaging with videogames; (2) an inability to habituate the timings of body required in emulating high-level techniques and (3) the emergence of negative affective states – such as panic or anxiety – in attempting to replicate strategies. I propose the concept of ‘bodily finitude’ to describe and analyse these tensions.
How place shapes taste: The local formation of middle-class residential preferences in two Israeli cities
Authors: Shani Guy
Published: October 2019

This article studies the preferences of middle-class residents for old or new neighborhoods in two Israeli cities, and describes the ways local social space mediates the translation of the habitus into generative preferences. Most sociological studies either ignore questions of place or explicitly reject the role of place in shaping class tastes. While a number of recent studies have demonstrated the role of place in shaping class tastes, the mechanisms underlying the role of place have yet to be investigated and conceptualized. This study addresses this lacuna. Based on a mixed-methods comparative design, the article first presents the relationship between spatial and class processes underlying the particular social space of each of the two cities – that is, the local association between old/new neighborhoods and different populations, symbolic boundaries, and expectations regarding the future of different neighborhoods. It then shows how local social space is reflected in local narratives and patterns of distinction, which are interwoven with residents' accounts of their choices and preferences. The study argues that middle-class tastes are formed locally by a process of “emplacement,” in which social actors find their socially designated place in specific urban settings and develop the tastes and dispositions associated with these areas.
Damage fracture characterization of reinforced concrete beam subjected to four-point bending with parametric analysis of static, dynamic, and acoustic properties
Authors: Jiao Yubo , Zhang Yao , Shan Wenchen , Han Qiang , Zhao Yunpeng , Liu Shiqi
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study is to clarify the damage fracture process using acoustic emission technique and construct relationships between acoustic emission parameters and static, dynamic properties of reinforced concrete beam under four-point bending. Laboratory experiments were performed on two reinforced concrete beams with same length 250 cm. Static parameters including crack and displacement patterns with load level were observed and analyzed. Acoustic emission parameters of hit, count, amplitude, energy, duration, index of damage, and b-value with the increase in damage were demonstrated and corresponded to observed crack status of structure, which realized the damage process classification and mechanism characterization. Correlations of acoustic emission parameters and cumulative crack width with the first-order natural frequency were obtained to clarify their relevance. The results revealed that as the level of damage increased, the values of cumulative acoustic emission parameters increased, which could classify the damage fracture process into four stages. And the results coincided with the observed crack and displacement patterns of reinforced concrete beam. Sum of maximum width for observed cracks presented favorable quadric relations with acoustic emission parameters. Index of damage and b-value analyses (classical and Gaussian filtered ones) demonstrated the crack characteristic at each load step, which were in accordance with the observed crack patterns. Change rate of the first-order natural frequency presented favorable cubic relationships with acoustic emission energy and hit, while linear and negative relations with sum of crack widths. The results obtained in this study can be used for damage fracture characterization and health monitoring of reinforced concrete structures subjected to flexural load.
Playing with Lynching: Fandom Violence and the Black Athletic Body
Authors: Johnson Poe
Published: October 2019

This article traces the parallel development of lynching culture and the fandom surrounding the black athletic body. While only recently have fan studies scholars started to theorize the relationship between racism, sports, and fandom activity, their shared history goes back to at least Jack Johnson, the first black boxer to win the heavyweight championship. From this first encounter with the black athletic body, sports fans with white supremacist leanings have employed lynching iconography and rhetoric to discipline athletes who challenged the general perception of how a public black figure out to behave. I argue that not only is racialized fan violence directed toward black athletes a common occurrence, but that the logics of lynching culture are deeply and perhaps irrevocably intertwined with those of sports fandom writ large.
Development of an ICT-Based Dementia Care Mapping Support System and Its Usefulness Assessment
Authors: Yamamoto Hirotoshi , Yokokohji Yasuyoshi
Published: October 2019

Objectives:

Dementia Care Mapping (DCM) is an established practice method to implement Person-centred Care in dementia care settings. However, it is not easy to carry out DCM because of its high complexity. The aim of this study is to solve DCM complexity by adopting technology.

Methods:

Authors developed (1) a new information-communication technology (ICT) based DCM support system based on the investigation of difficulties and/or burden encountered during mapping (n = 33) and (2) a new evaluation test method, using role-play videos, for assessing the usefulness and reliability of the system. Mapping data, collected using the support system or the conventional paper-based DCM (n = 22), were compared.

Results:

We obtained users’ positive ratings of the system for burden reduction and its usability. Moreover, the developed prototype system indicated to have already reached the level of conventional paper-based DCM in terms of mapping accuracy.

Conclusion:

Usefulness of the ICT-based support system was confirmed to help overcome DCM complexity.
Application of big data technology in agricultural Internet of Things
Authors: Zhang Chunling , Liu Zunfeng
Published: October 2019

This article first analyzes big data technology. Then, the agricultural Internet of Things system was established, and the acquisition of agricultural data was achieved through the establishment of sensor modules, image acquisition modules, and meteorological acquisition modules. The data are transmitted to the server through GPRS communication technology and 3G network card to realize data transmission. The Web Service technology is used to connect the Internet of Things with the neural network model to achieve data interoperability. By comparing the prediction results and actual data of the model, it is found that the prediction error of the model designed in this article is less than 1%, and the high-precision prediction of agricultural data is realized, which provides an effective guidance for the improvement of agricultural product quality and yield.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Transthoracic Cannulation into the Ascending Aorta Versus Femoral Artery Cannulation in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Nakajima Hiroyuki , Takazawa Akitoshi , Tounaga Chiho , Yoshitake Akihiro , Tochii Masato , Hayashi Jun , Kaneyuki Daisuke , Asakura Toshihisa , Iguchi Atsushi
Published: October 2019

Objective

To delineate the efficacy and safety of transthoracic cannulation to the ascending aorta through a right pleural cavity during minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS).

Methods

We retrospectively assessed the records of 104 patients who underwent MICS in our institution between December 2011 and December 2018. Procedures included mitral valve repair (88 patients), aortic valve replacement (8 patients), atrial septal defect closure (6 patients), and myxoma resection (2 patients). Aortic valve replacements were performed through the third intercostal space (ICS), whereas the other procedures were mainly performed through the fourth ICS. The femoral group comprised 60 patients in whom an artificial graft was anastomosed to the femoral artery and 4 who underwent cannulation into the femoral artery. The aorta group comprised 40 patients in whom transthoracic cannulation was performed through the second or third ICS, separate from the main skin incision.

Results

No mortality or critical complications were associated with cardiopulmonary bypass. Perfusion pressure measured at outflow of the artificial lung (224 ± 43 vs. 190 ± 42; P < 0.001) and pump pressure measured at the outflow of the pump (293 ± 50 vs. 255 ± 57; P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the femoral group than in the aorta group. The skin incision lengths were similar (56.9 ± 6.9 vs. 55.1 ± 6.0 mm; P = 0.107).

Conclusions

Transthoracic cannulation into the ascending aorta is reliable and can be safely performed. The possible risks associated with peripheral cannulation and retrograde perfusion can be avoided thereafter.
Medical Treatment and Dose Estimation of a Person Exposed to Tritium
Authors: Chen Weibo , Li Houwen , Wang Kongzhao , Bian Huahui , Wang Youyou , Cui Fengmei , Liu Yulong , Chen Qiu
Published: October 2019

In this study, we aimed to investigate the damaging effects and clinical therapy of internal contamination with tritium to provide information and gain experience for medical treatments in case of an emergency due to a nuclear accident. Histories were taken by several doctors who observed and recorded the clinical symptoms of the patient described herein. The general health situation was evaluated by laboratory and equipment analyses. Tritium concentrations in the urine were estimated according to relevant standards during the monitoring period using a liquid scintillation counting method. Clinical observation revealed that the patient had symptoms of mild asthenia and sleep disorder with improvement after appropriate treatment. The last committed effective dose was determined through measurement of the urine tritium concentration and dose estimation and was estimated to be 0.123 mSv; the total effective dose was 14.536 mSv. The medical treatment and dose estimation in this patient with tritium contamination were successful and can provide a reference for similar cases in the future.
Retrospective Evaluation of an Online Diabetes Health Coaching Program: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sarver Jordan , Khambatta Cyrus , Barbaro Robby , Chavan Bhakti , Drozek David
Published: October 2019

An estimated one third of American adults have prediabetes; over 30 million have type 2 diabetes mellitus. Health and wellness coaching is an emerging tool for preventing and treating chronic disease. Mastering Diabetes (MD) promotes a low-fat, plant-based, whole-food diet, utilizing online education, day-to-day accountability and support, and video conferencing. This pilot study provides a retrospective view of the effectiveness of MD to treat diabetes. Current and former clients of MD were invited to participate in a survey. On completion of the online consent, subjects were asked a series of questions in a REDCap-based survey: age, gender, enrollment date in MD, changes in weight, HbA1c, medication use, overall health, and current level of adherence to achieved changes. Overall, 253 (8.9%) participants responded to the survey; 80.6% were females, mean age was 56 years. Most of those responding (78.4%, P < .001) reported weight loss; 68.8% ( P < .001) reported decreased HbA1c; 52.4% reported decreased medication use; 86.8% reported continued health improvement since having participated in MD; and 83.5% found the online program very helpful. This study demonstrated improvement in HbA1c and weight in participants in an online health and wellness coaching. Study limitations prevent drawing generalizable conclusions; further prospective evaluation is needed.