bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Anthropological or Humanistic View of the World”: a Model of Scientific Cognition in Mikhailovsky's Heritage
Authors: Leontyeva Olga
Published: September 2021

The article focuses on the approach to the study of human psyche and behavior, suggested by literary critic and ideologist of Narodnikism N. K. Mikhailovsky in the second half of the 19th century. Mikhaylovsky is proved to have developed an original model of scientific cognition, which was based on the synthesis of knowledge from different fields of science and built around an “anthropological or humane point of view”. Scientific search within the framework of this model is carried out with the help of the subjective method, based on the effort to understand another person, and the subject of cognition is a “profane” — a person complete with all of his social experience. The problems put forward by Mikhailovsky seem relevant in the light of the modern “cognitive turn” in the humanities, the desire for interdisciplinary approach and the creation of an integrative scientific picture of the world, fundamental rethinking of the classical objectivistic model of scientific knowledge.
Russian Church Policy in Syria in the 19th Century: Main Tendencies and Dynamics of Its Development
Authors: Gerd Lora
Published: September 2021

The article is focused on the main tendencies of Russian policy in the Patriarchate of Antioch during the 19th century. Following the traditional support of Orthodoxy, in the situation of concurrence of the Great Powers in the Middle East Russia had to make a revision of the old methods of policy. The journey of Archimandrite Porfirii Uspenskii in 1843 and the foundation of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem in 1847 were aimed at strengthening of Russian positions in the region. The conflicts between the nations in the end of the 1850s and he struggle of the Arabs for church and national independence forced he Russian diplomacy to support them against the Greeks. The struggle ended in the election of an Arab Patriarch at the Antiochian see. The activities of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society for foundation of schools for the Orthodox Arabs as well as financing of the schools of the Patriarchate created a strong base for national education. The peak of Russian influence in Syria is in the beginning of the 20s century: at that time the sums for material support increase enormously. As a whole it was in Syria during the 19th century that Russian policy in the Christian East was most efficient.
The Adventures of a Jesuit in Russia: how the Soviet Government Fought with Father Edmund Walsh (1922—1923)
Authors: Tokareva Evgenia
Published: September 2021

The unprecedented famine that swept the southern regions of Russia in 1921—1922 forced the Soviet government to turn to the Western powers for help. The work of foreign aid missions in Russia contributed to the improvement of the economic situation in the country and became one of the factors that led to the beginning of its exit from isolation and the establishment of international contacts. However, the attitude of the Soviet authorities to the aid missions was far from unambiguous. The Soviet authorities could hardly put up with the presence of representatives of Western powers on the territory of Russia. The work of the missions was hindered in every possible way, their employees were suspected of espionage and counter-revolutionary activities. To the greatest extent, this concerned the Papal Famine Relief Mission, which worked in the country for two years, from August 1922 to September 1924. The presence of its members, who belonged to four Catholic orders (Jesuits, Salesians, Verbites, and Claretians), was especially undesirable in the years when religious persecutions were unfolding in the country and the first major trials of the Orthodox and Catholic clergy took place. The head of the Mission, the American Jesuit Fr. Edmund Walsh caused particular anger of the Soviet authorities because he reported unfavourable information to the Vatican and tried to intervene at the time of the greatest pressure on the Catholic clergy. The article describes the incidents that have become the most characteristic and indicative of the attitude of the Soviet authorities to Walsh. The article uses materials from the archives of the Catholic Church (the Archive of the 2nd section of the Vatican State Secretariat, the Historical Archive of the Society of Jesus, the Central Archive of the Salesian Order), as well as the Archive of Georgetown University (USA) and several Russian archives (the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation, the State Archive of the Russian Federation).
The Holy See and Czechoslovakia 1945—1948 in the Context of the Nascent Cold War
Authors: Hrabovec Emilia
Published: September 2021

The spectre of Communist expansion as a result of the Second World War represented for Pope Pius XII one of the greatest concerns. The unambiguously pro-Soviet orientation of the Czechoslovak government in exile and the crucial influence of Communists in the inner architecture of the restored state convinced the Holy See that Czechoslovakia was already in 1945 fully absorbed into the Soviet sphere of influence. This fact strengthened the Pope’s conviction of the necessity to resume relations with Prague as soon as possible and to send a nuncio there who would provide reliable information and protect the interests of the Church threatened both by open persecution and by propaganda manoeuvres in favour of a “progressive Catholicism”. The importance of the relations with Czechoslovakia stood out also in the international perspective, in which Czechoslovakia, in contrast to Poland or Hungary, seemed to be the last observatory still accessible to the Vatican diplomacy in the whole East-Central Europe. The year 1947 represented a caesura in the relations between the Holy See and Czechoslovakia. In the international context, this year was generally perceived by the Vatican as a definitive reinforcement of the Communist regimes in Eastern Europe. In the Czechoslovak framework, the greatest importance was ascribed to the political crisis in Slovakia in autumn 1947, during which the Communists definitively took over the political power in Slovakia. The lost struggle over the predominantly Catholic Slovakia, that for some time had been considered by the Vatican one of very few hopes for the defence of Christian interests in the Republic, was perceived by the Holy See as a dominant breakthrough on the way to the total Communist transformation of Czechoslovakia. While in the immediate post-war period the Holy See had tried to come to terms with Czechoslovakia also at the price of some compromises, in winter 1947/1948 the last hopes for a diplomatic solution vanished and were replaced by the conviction that in the confrontation with Communism not diplomatic, but spiritual weapons — prayer, testimony, martyrdom — were of crucial importance.
Logic and Cognitive Science
Authors: Zaitseva Natalia
Published: September 2021

The paper examines the relationship between logic and cognitive science. We consider various aspects of this relationship, among which we distinguish three of the most importance, in our thought. First, it is the role of cognitive science in the justification of logic. Secondly, the mutual influence of cognitive science and modern trends of non-classical logic, which have a clearly applied character. Third, we discuss the prospects of the so-called experimental logic arising from attempts to apply the methods of cognitive science in logic. As usual, the conclusion summarizes the results of the research and focuses on the issue of the status of pure logic.
Cognitive Dimension of Historical Memory in Paul Ricoeur's Concept
Authors: Mordvinov Alexandr
Published: September 2021

The article considers Paul Ricoeur's concept of historical memory. Its three parts include the phenomenology of memory, the epistemology of history and the hermeneutics of the historical state, directly related to the notion of duty. At all three levels, the cognitive component is very important, but its nature differs significantly. From Ricoeur's perspective, the duty “not to forget” turns out to be an oath of allegiance to the very ability of human consciousness to construct and reinterpret temporal distance, while maintaining a sense of shock or uniqueness of the event that cannot be replaced by a conventional narrative. It is proved that this approach can be a productive basis for coordinating different conceptual approaches that have emerged in contemporary cognitive research.
Modeling of Bifacial Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) Air Heater with Jet Plate
Authors: Ewe Win Eng , Fudholi Ahmad , Sopian Kamaruzzaman , Asim Nilofar
Published: September 2021

This research demonstrates how to develop a novel energy balance equation to investigate heat transmission between the components of a bifacial photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) air heater with a jet plate. The temperature output and efficiency of the system are shown. A greater mass flow rate reduces the exit air temperature and increases the thermal efficiency of the thermal component. Increased sun irradiation raises the output air temperature and thermal efficiency. In terms of electrical efficiency, a greater mass flow rate reduces the temperature of the PV panel while increasing electrical efficiency. On the other hand, higher solar irradiation raises the temperature of the PV panel, lowering its electrical efficiency. The maximum thermal efficiency of BPVTJPR is 51.09% under the circumstances of 12 PV cells with a packing factor of 0.66, a jet plate reflector with 36 holes, 900 W/m2 solar irradiances, and a mass flow rate of 0.035 kg/s. The maximum electrical efficiency of BPVTJPR is 10.73% under the circumstances of 12 PV cells with a packing factor of 0.66, a jet plate reflector with 36 holes, 700 W/m2 solar irradiances, and a mass flow rate of 0.035 kg/s.
An Experimental Study on Operating Characteristic of Radiant Floor Cooling Integrated with Underfloor Ventilation System
Authors: Cai Ning , Zhang Dongliang
Published: September 2021

In this paper, an experimental study on radiant floor cooling integrated with underfloor ventilation (RFCUV) system was conducted. Indoor environment temperatures, radiant floor cooling system parameters and underfloor ventilation system parameters were measured. Humane thermal comfort was analyzed experimentally. And the effects of disturbance variables and manipulated variables on controlled variables were analyzed. The results illustrated that operative temperature (OT), predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD) decrease in the first two hours and then become stable in ISO7730 recommended value range. IAT and OT increase with the increasing of the disturbance variables and manipulated variables. The increasing ratio of indoor air temperature (IAT) and OT are relatively small when comprehensive outdoor air temperature is relatively high and indoor heat quantity or average water temperature is relatively low. IAT and OT increase approximately linearly with the increasing of supply air temperature.
A Numerical Study on Heat Transfer in the Channel with Delta Winglet Pair Vortex Generators
Authors: Sharfabadi Mohammad Mazidi , Mobadersani Parham , Nourpour Leila
Published: September 2021

In this study, the effect of the vortex generators on the heat transfer and flow characteristics in a rectangular channel is investigated numerically by finite volume method. The governing equations are discretized using QUICK scheme. The numerical results are validated against published experimental data. In this paper, the effects of the winglet aspect ratio and the distance between the vertices of the winglets on the heat transfer and hydrodynamic characteristics of the flow are surveyed. In addition, to achieve the optimum amount of heat transfer, it is important to know the proper arrangement of the triangular winglet pairs as well as their suitable position. Therefore, the appropriate values of the longitudinal and transverse pitch are presented in this paper. The results show that the winglet with the aspect ratio of 1.75 has the best thermal and hydrodynamic performance. Furthermore, the transverse pitch of 1.24 causes 6.5% growth in the average Nusselt number.
Radiative Flux of a Spectral Distribution at the Surface of a TPV Thermal Emitter Resulting from the Combustion of Biomass: Case of Palms Nut Shells
Authors: Nguewo Leonard Ribot Chuisseu , Akong Marcel Brice Obounou , Tchawoua Clement , Noumo Prosper Gopdjim , Kwefeu Fabrice Mbakop , Djongyang Noel
Published: September 2021

Thermo PhotoVoltaic (TPV) system convert into electrical energy the radiation emitted from an artificial heat source (i.e., solar or combustion) by the use of photovoltaic cells. In the last decade, TPV system has gained an increasing attention as cogeneration system for the distributed generation sector. Nevertheless, these systems are not fully developed and studied: several aspects need to be further investigated and completely understood. In this study, we modeled and investigated by performing numerical simulation on the feasibility of the TPV system exploiting waste heat energy during biomass combustion. To achieve this goal, we considered a TPV system in which we evaluated and analyzed the waste heat flux resulting from the combustion of the palm nuts shells as well as the corresponding temperature received at the surface of the TPV Thermal-emitter. Furthermore, we evaluated the heat intensity. Results obtained shows that the average temperature at the TPV absorber-emitter is around 1600k. Different variation of the net heat flux at the TPV absorber-emitter are observed for different position. The maximum heat intensity is around 15*1010 W.m-2.µm-1 for a wave length of 2000 nm. These results indicate that the model presented herein is therefore suitable for the design of the TPV system.
Pneumatologiczne wymiary komunii wiernych
Authors: Jagodziński Marek
Published: September 2021

Komunia ludu Bożego jest wspólnotą ludzi zbawionych przez Chrystusa, odrodzonych i namaszczonych Duchem Świętym, który jednoczy ich i zachowuje w różnorodności. Komunia wiernych realizuje się w pneumatohagijnej strukturze instytucjonalnej Kościoła. Duch Święty jest źródłem komunijnego bogactwa darów i charyzmatów, które służą komunijnej jedności chrześcijan. Duch Święty jest gwarantem podmiotowości Kościoła i tworzących go poszczególnych wiernych.
Will Luther’s Excommunication be lifted in 2021? A Plea of the Altenberg Ecumenical Round Table
Authors: Gosker Margriet
Published: September 2021

The Altenberg Ecumenical Round Table appeals in a declaration or appeal to Pope Francis asking him to lift the ban on Martin Luther and his followers, while appealing to the Lutheran World Federation to remove from the confessions the passages calling the Pope Antichrist. I describe the release of the Altenberg Appeal and the publication of the book on the subject, including its background and the first reactions to both. Finally, I explain my own position here.
Secularization, Confessional Ideology, and Society
Authors: Tăut Mădălin Vasile
Published: September 2021

Social life is the keystone of the existence of a human and a people and, by extension, of an entire civilization. In this essay I will try to present the way in which religious affiliation has influenced the historical evolution of society and interpersonal relationships. Therefore, after analyzing the relationship between the Christian denomination and the capitalist economy in the context of the secularization process facing the peoples of Europe, I will present the consequences of the desacralization of the world for the spiritual health of modern humans and the consequent sociological implications which tend to create faults in the contemporary world. Communion is replaced by separation, solidarity by individualism, and the inner emotional balance of human beings is jeopardized by the spiritual chaos that seems to condemn the whole society to loneliness and disintegration.
Prawosławne duszpasterstwo wojskowe w okresie międzywojennym i w trakcie II wojny światowej
Authors: Mokrauz Jerzy
Published: September 2021

Powyższy artykuł prezentuje w zarysie trudny okres rozwoju Prawosławia na terenie II Rzeczypospolitej, czyli lata 1918-1945. Problemy z uksztaltowaniem jednoznacznej myśli państwowej, ustalenie profilu konfesyjnego czy wreszcie tragedia II wojny światowej ukazywały już wcześniej istniejące problemy bądź ewokowały nowe. Naturalna skłonność do kultywowania tradycji chrześcijaństwa zachodniego na ziemiach polskich musiała wreszcie ustąpić powojennym uwarunkowaniom programu ateistycznego, gdy wojsko stanęło na straży wierności narzuconym treściom traktatowym, by strzec wolności w jej nowych semantycznie ograniczeniach.
QUEER (RE)VISIONS OF ARCHIVE, AFFECT, AND PLACE IN CHILD AND YOUTH CARE
Authors: A. August
Published: September 2021

This article presents an autoethnography that interweaves the queering of archive, affect, and place using an object-oriented method. Engaging with a hundred-year-old antique photo album found in a thrift store, this article brings forth queer (re)visions of past, present, and future that (re)imagine queer (be)longing, which expand spheres of ancestral consciousness in 2SLGBTQIAA+ communities. Situated in the United States, this work traces the entanglements in this object-oriented autoethnography through a mapping of queer identity in the Pacific Northwest, capturing temporal reflections that reach from the present back into 1918 and back further still into the early English colonies. In orienting towards the realm of queering child and youth care this work seeks to contribute to a cultivation of discourse of collective (re)visions of past, present, and future that uproots the enshrined settler-colonial, white supremacist, heteropatriarchal, capitalist ethos that continuously crafts the layered erasures of sex, gender, and sexually diverse people in the United States. I endeavour in the threading of autoethnography, both as a white settler and in my being and continually becoming, a genderqueer, trans person struggling and thriving, to critically query the implications of this history within the present and to (re)affirm the possibilities for queer and trans youth in the future.
Renacer del conflicto
Authors: Fracica Naranjo Carlos , Groot Román Ricardo Rubiano , Gómez Vásquez Luis , Mora Alonso Jimmy Graziani , Cabezas Pico Wendy
Published: September 2021

Como un aporte académico sobre el acontecer nacional, la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, a través de su Instituto de Estudios Geoestratégicos y Asuntos Políticos (IEGAP), se complace en publicar el libro titulado Renacer del conflicto. El presente documento de investigación, sustentado en valiosa información sobre el conflicto en Colombia, se convierte en referente de consulta sobre un tema de interés para la sociedad colombiana, la academia y, particularmente, nuestra Fuerza Pública. Esto en razón a que es un aspecto presente a lo largo de la historia nacional que, a pesar de los diversos intentos por encontrar una salida hacia su final y de los miles de víctimas que se le atribuyen, ha afectado y afecta durante generaciones enteras a nuestro país. Elementos históricos, coyunturales y de actualidad convergen a lo largo de los ocho capítulos que componen la presente publicación. En estos no solo se compilaron las apreciaciones fundamentadas de los autores, sino también las valoraciones académicas de analistas, investigadores y centros de pensamiento que hacen seguimiento al acontecer nacional. Sobre el desarrollo del libro es importante destacar la participación de diversos autores y disciplinas. Entre otros, se encuentran los valiosos aportes de señores generales del Ejército, la Fuerza Aérea y la Armada Nacional de Colombia, así como de profesionales en relaciones internacionales y estudios políticos, quienes actualmente realizan labores académicas en el IEGAP y, a través de visiones particulares sobre la situación del país, plasmaron su conocimiento en textos estructurados, con variedad y riqueza de pensamientos, lo cual es posible apreciar al avanzar en la lectura de cada capítulo. Como ente académico, uno de los objetivos de nuestra Universidad es alimentar a la sociedad que nos rodea y nos nutre, por medio del desarrollo de investigaciones como la que contiene este libro, a fin de que con estas se difunda ampliamente el conocimiento que contribuya a que Colombia alcance todos los potenciales que tiene como nación. Esperamos que los aportes académicos aquí depositados alimenten la reflexión nacional e internacional, de modo que trasciendan no solo a las aulas de clase de nuestra alma mater, sino más allá de ellas, e impacten así constructivamente en el logro de cumplir el interés nacional del Estado colombiano. Por último, la Universidad agradece de manera especial a nuestro rector, el señor brigadier general Ph. D. Luis Fernando Puentes Torres; al director del Instituto de Estudios Geoestratégicos y Asuntos Políticos, señor mayor general Gustavo Adolfo Ocampo Nahar, por sus incontables aportes a la consecución y el direccionamiento del presente documento; así como a todos aquellos funcionarios y asesores del IEGAP que abnegadamente contribuyeron, de diversas maneras, para que valiosos conocimientos se materializaran en un libro a disposición de todo aquel que considere su contenido de interés.
Consorcio microbiano autóctono para el tratamiento de aguas contaminadas con gasoil del puerto de Isla de Toas (Venezuela)
Authors: Díaz-Borrego Laugeny Chiquinquirá , Marín Leal Julio César , Alburgue Díaz Desiree Alejandra , Carrasquero Ferrer Sedolfo José , Morales Avendaño Ever Dario
Published: September 2021

El tratamiento biológico de aguas contaminadas mediante consorcios microbianos autóctonos, aprovecha las potencialidades metabólicas de grupos distintos de microorganismos para degradar y/o remover una amplia variedad de compuestos. Adicionalmente, las técnicas de bioestimulación y bioaumentación contribuyen a potenciar las capacidades de estos procesos de biodegradación. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en evaluar la utilización de un consorcio microbiano autóctono (Chlorella spp.-bacterias) para el tratamiento de aguas del puerto de Isla de Toas (Lago de Maracaibo, Venezuela), contaminadas con 1% v/v de gasoil. Para ello, se usaron dos tratamientos (T1: bioestimulado y T2: bioaumentado) y un control por 70 días, a escala de 20 L y condiciones ambientales controladas. Durante los ensayos se monitorearon: temperatura, pH, demanda química de oxígeno (DQO), nitrito, nitrato, nitrógeno total Kjeldahl, nitrógeno total (N-total), ortofosfato, fósforo total (P-total), hidrocarburos totales del petróleo (HTP), fracciones de hidrocarburos (SARA), densidad microalgal y bacteriana, y pigmentos fotosintéticos, de acuerdo con los métodos estandarizados. Los valores medios para la remoción de materia orgánica (DQO), N-total y P-total, fueron: 23,3±2,3; 35,2±4,5 y 64,6±4,8%, de 27,6±1,64; 79,8±2,05 y 87,7±1,95%, y de <0,1; 16,1±0,38 y 44,7±1,18%, para el control, T1 y T2, respectivamente. Las concentraciones finales de HTP estuvieron por encima del límite permisible de la normativa venezolana para descarga a cuerpos de aguas naturales, no obstante, se obtuvieron altas tasas de remoción de hidrocarburos saturados y aromáticos (>70%), particularmente en el tratamiento bioaumentado (T2). Los consorcios microbianos autóctonos poseen gran potencial para la biorrecuperación del agua del puerto de Isla de Toas, contaminada con hidrocarburos del petróleo, por lo cual se recomienda continuar investigando sobre esta tecnología de tratamiento.
Descriptores espacio-frecuencia para identificación automática de patrones de textura en productos textiles utilizando aprendizaje supervisado
Authors: Bejarano Martínez Arley , Calvo Salcedo Andres Felipe , Henao Baena Carlos Alberto
Published: September 2021

En este documento se presenta un caso de estudio para evaluar la eficiencia que presentan los descriptores espacio frecuencia en la clasificación de patrones textiles. La metodología de trabajo consta de tres etapas fundamentales, la caracterización, la clasificación y la validación. En la etapa de caracterización se utilizan descriptores como la transformada Wavelet, la transformada de Fourier y la adaptación de la Transformada corta de Fourier en espacio para la generación de un vector de características, a este vector se le computa los momentos estadísticos como Kurtosis, sesgo, media y desviación estándar. Para la etapa de clasificación se analiza el uso de tres métodos del estado del arte como lo son las Máquinas de Soporte Vectorial (SVM), las Redes Neuronales Artificiales (RNA) y el Proceso Gaussiano (GP). Para validar el método se construye una base de datos anotada con diez tipos de telas con un total de 1000 fotos, a las cuales se le aplica el proceso caracterización y clasificación por medio de un experimento Montecarlo. En esta etapa se generan configuraciones aleatorias de entrenamiento (70%) y prueba (30%) obteniendo el desempeño de cada modelo de clasificación. Por último se obtiene la matriz de confusión y se determinan los porcentajes de acierto de cada experimento.
A Study on Cytomorphological and Histopathological Correlation of Head and Neck Lesions in a Tertiary Care Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Authors: Hota Anima , Mohanty Pranita , Mohanty Mitu
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND The head and neck region is an anatomic site having lymph nodes, nerves, veins, arteries, muscles, mucosal epithelium to salivary glands, thyroid, and a host of developmental tissues. Any of these tissues can become pathological, resulting in a mass. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is regarded as a reliable method of investigation in diagnosis of head and neck lesions. However, histopathology is the gold standard of diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of head and neck tumours according to the sites of their occurrence and to find out the correlation of cytopathological findings by FNAC and histopathological findings by biopsy. METHODS This prospective study undertaken from June 2012 to June 2014 in the Department of Pathology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, a tertiary care center. All the patients attending different outdoor of IMS & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar with head & neck lesions referred for FNAC were included in the study. The results of FNAC were compared with that of histopathological findings by tissue biopsy. Data collected was entered in MS Excel and analysed using the same software. Descriptive statistical measures like frequency and percentage. Data was presented in tabular form. RESULTS The commonest site of lesion was in the lymph node followed by thyroid gland. There was preponderance of female sex in thyroid lesions whereas males were commonest in other sites. The accuracy in cyto-histopathology correlation between benign and malignant lesion was 96.36 % and 88.89 % respectively and was most corroborated in the thyroid lesions (50.6 %). CONCLUSIONS Cyto-histo correlation of head and neck lesions provides an important, quick, excellent, and sensitive diagnostic tool to exclude non-neoplastic lesions from neoplastic lesions. KEYWORDS Head and Neck Lesions, FNAC, Histopathology
A Prospective Study on Clinico-Bacteriological Study of Diabetic Foot and the Efficacy of Antibiotic Therapy in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tirupati
Authors: Ramanaiah Nannam Venkata , Prakash Gandikota Venkata , Ramani Kumbha Roja , Heena Shaik , Mythri Dintyala Venkata S.S. , Srinivasulu Udayagiri Shanmukha
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Diabetic foot is the most common and most feared complication of diabetes and is more significant than nephropathy, retinopathy, heart attack, and stroke combined. Diabetes-associated problems are the second common cause of lowerlimb amputations in India. Foot disorders like ulcerations, infection, Gangrene are the leading causes of hospitalization in patients with diabetes mellitus in India.1 METHODS A prospective study, carried out on 100 diabetic patients with foot ulcers over a period of one year from April 2019 to March 2020 at Sri Venkateswara Medical College hospital. The extent of foot infection was assessed based on Wagner’s classification and were studied based on the culture and sensitivity obtained and the efficacy of the antibiotic used. RESULTS The data analysis of 100 patients has given the following results. 70 % (70 patients) of them were culture positive, and 30 % (30 patients) were culture negative. Culture positive patients were divided into two groups with 35 patients each. Group A started on empirical therapy, Group B on sensitive antibiotic therapy. Repeat swab taken on day 7 from the previously culture-positive patients (70 patients), it was found that 30 out of 35 patients of group-A (empirical therapy) were still culture positive with a similar or newer organism, only 5 patients were culture negative, whereas in 35 patients of Group-B (sensitive antibiotic therapy) only 5 patients were culture positive with a similar or newer organism, remaining 30 patients were culture negative. Sensitive antibiotic therapy was found to be effective than empirical therapy in treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. CONCLUSIONS Culture and sensitivity from the wounds play a critical role in prescribing appropriate antibiotic at the time of admission itself rather than starting the empirical treatment. KEYWORDS Diabetic Foot, Culture and Sensitivity, Empirical Antibiotic Therapy
A Descriptive study on Conservative Management of Subacute Intestinal Obstruction and Its Outcome in Tirupati
Authors: Prakash Gandikota Venkata , G Purushotham , K Ajay Babu , Anugna Mamgunta Sai
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Intestinal obstruction can be defined as the partial or complete blockage of either the small intestine or large intestine or both, causing failure of intestinal contents to pass beyond the point of obstruction. Subacute intestinal obstruction implies incomplete obstruction. It is characterized by continuous passage of flatus and /or feces beyond 6 -12 hours of the onset of symptoms. We wanted to study the conservative management of subacute intestinal obstruction and its outcome. METHODS Data was collected from patients presenting to outpatient Department of General Surgery, SVRRGGH, Tirupati and emergency with the features of subacute intestinal obstruction during the period of March 2019 to April 2020 were included in the study. RESULTS The incidence is high in patients of age group 41-50 years with Male: Female ratio is 2.1:1. The most common presenting symptom is pain abdomen (92 %), followed by vomiting (84 %). In our study, exaggerated bowel sounds (60 %) are the most common physical finding. The most common cause of obstruction is Postoperative adhesions (36 %), followed by obstructed hernias (22 %). Out of 50 cases, 72 % of cases were managed successfully by conservative management. In the patients who were managed conservatively, most of them are due to postoperative adhesions. In the patients who underwent emergency surgical intervention, 50 % of cases operated on the 2nd day of admission. Most commonly done Surgery include Adhesiolysis (28.6 %), Herniorrhaphy (28.6 %) and Resection and anastomosis (21.5 %). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that conservative management is successful in about 72 % of patients with subacute intestinal obstruction. Not all the patients attending the emergency ward with features of intestinal obstruction need emergency surgical intervention. Conservative management can be tried in selective cases in patients with SAIO, thereby reducing the rate of negative laparotomies and morbidity and mortality. KEYWORDS Sub-Acute, Intestinal, Obstruction Conservative, Outcome
A Comparative Study on Functional Outcome of Distal Radius Fractures Treated with POP Cast Versus Percutaneous K-Wire Fixation (Both After Closed Reduction) In Kannur Medical College, Kerala, India
Authors: P Adnan Siddique , Sasidharan Sasikumar , Chandak Prateek
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Closed reduction with plaster of Paris (POP) cast for extra-articular distal radius fractures was an accepted method of treatment worldwide. But the maintenance of reduced fracture fragments was unpredictable. Closed reduction and ‘K’ wire fixation with casting was also recommended widely. There was no definite option prescribed for either of the methods. In this study, we wanted to compare the final outcome of management of the distal radius fractures in adults with closed reduction and POP casing versus closed reduction with percutaneous K-wiring. METHODS A prospective, randomized, and comparative study was conducted on the final outcome of two methods of treatment for the fractures of distal end of radius. One method (Group A of 23 patients) consisted of closed reduction and POP casing and the other (Group B of 23 patients) consisted of K-wiring under C arm (23 patients in each group). Radiological and functional parameters were compared at fixed intervals for 15 months and final outcome scores were correlated and compared using Gartland and Werley functional scoring system. RESULTS In group A, AO type 2R3A2.1 fractures were observed in 03/23 (13.04 %) patients and 04/23 (17.39 %) in Group B patients. Type 2R3A2. 2 fractures were observed in 05/23 (21.73%) of the group A patients and 07/23 of the group B patients. Type 2R3A2.3 fractures were observed in 15/23 of the group A and 12/23 (52.17%) of the group B patients. Both the methods of treatment were correlating well with the various variables. CONCLUSIONS Closed reduction with percutaneous K wiring and below elbow cast application was a simple, minimally invasive technique that provided added stability and functional outcome with respect to treatment of extra-articular distal radius fracture. The conventional method of closed reduction and POP cast was closely correlating with the K wire immobilization method. There was no significant statistical difference between the two methods in the functional outcome after treatment of distal end radius fractures. KEYWORDS Radius, ‘K’ Wire, Closed Reduction, Stable Fracture, Bone Healing and Immobilize
Assessment of Magnesium Levels in Ischemic Cerebral Stroke Patients and Its Correlation with Severity of Neurological Disability – A Longitudinal Observational Study from Sri Amritsar, Punjab
Authors: Kaur Jasleen , Nayyar Satya Bhushan , Sikri Tejinder , Kaur Jasmine , Deep Hardeep Singh
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND World Health Organization (WHO) clinically defines a stroke as ‘the rapid development of clinical signs and symptoms of a focal neurological disturbance lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death with no apparent cause other than vascular origin’. Hypo magnesia (ionized form) leads to neuromuscular hyperirritability, tremors, increased vascular resistance, coronary vasospasm and hypertension. Magnesium deficiency triggers vasoconstriction enhancing vascular endothelial injury and hence leads to atherosclerosis. In the present study, we wanted to evaluate serum magnesium levels in ischemic cerebral stroke patients and correlate its severity with the neurological disability using modified Rankin scale (mRS) and Canadian neurological scale. METHODS It was a longitudinal observational study, undertaken in the Department of Medicine in Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Sri Amritsar from December 2018 to June 2020. 60 patients with acute ischemic cerebral stroke fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected. 5 ml venous sample for serum magnesium level was taken within 24 hours and on day 5 of admission. Presence or absence of hypomagnesemia in patients after acute cerebral ischemic stroke was recorded during the hospital stay of patients, receiving standard management protocol of ischemic stroke. The correlation co-efficient of serum magnesium level with modified Rankin scale and Canadian neurological scale was calculated. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 61.6 ± 1.6 years, 42 (70 %) patients were male and 18 (30 %) were females and there was male preponderance. The mean serum magnesium level was measured as 1.78 ± 0.2 mg/dL, it was observed that the mean value for mRS was 3.93 ± 0.75 and Canadian neurological scale was 7.11 ± 2.01 within 24 hours and on the 5th day the mean value for mRS was 3.5 ± 1.09 and Canadian neurological scale was 8.02 ± 2.97. The present study observed a statistically significant correlation between mRS score and serum magnesium level as well as Canadian neurological scale and serum magnesium levels. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded through the results of this study that low levels of magnesium in the body can cause more severe stroke. KEYWORDS Stroke, Serum Magnesium, Hypomagnesemia, Modified Rankin Scale, Canadian Neurological Scale
A Prospective Study of Clinical Profile in Febrile Illness with Thrombocytopenia in Children Aged 1 to 12 Years Admitted in a Tertiary Care Centre in Telangana
Authors: Martha Sreelatha , Deeti Goutham , Ravula Chaitanya Jyothi , Cherukuri Nirmala , Nadavapalli Srinivasa Suresh
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Fever with thrombocytopenia is a common clinical problem in paediatric wards. Significant number of acute febrile illnesses have an infectious aetiology and are often associated with thrombocytopenia. The objective of the study was to determine the clinico-etiological profile and outcome of children admitted with febrile thrombocytopenia, especially in those with infective aetiology. METHODS The study design is a prospective observational study. It was conducted from September 2017 to August 2019 in the Department of Paediatrics, Niloufer Institute of Women and Child Health, Hyderabad. A total of hundred (100) children in the age group of 1 year to 12 years presented with fever, and thrombocytopenia were included in the study. Newborns, infants, children with febrile thrombocytopenia, known ITP (idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura), already diagnosed haematological malignancy and children on antiplatelet drugs like aspirin were excluded from the study. After informed written consent, detailed history was elicited, clinical examination and necessary laboratory investigations were carried out, and the data was captured in a pre-structured proforma. Study parameters were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 software. RESULTS The study included 100 children. A ratio of 1.4 : 1 was observed in male to female ratio. As of the clinical features, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and pain abdomen were more common, followed by headache and myalgia. On examination, two-thirds of the children had hepatomegaly, and onethird had splenomegaly. Among 100 children with febrile thrombocytopenia, 38 children had bleeding manifestations (cutaneous bleeds > GI bleeds > other bleeds) in those with moderate to severe thrombocytopenia. In the etiological profile, dengue fever was more common, followed by undiagnosed fever, enteric fever, ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukemia), scrub typhus, malaria and leptospira, respectively. Out of 100 children, 94 were discharged, and 6 children with ALL were referred to the haemato-oncology center for further management. CONCLUSIONS Clinical presentation of cases with febrile thrombocytopenia is varied. Common causes of febrile thrombocytopenia observed in this study were dengue fever followed by un diagnosed fever and enteric fever. KEYWORDS Fever, Thrombocytopenia, Platelet count, Bleeding
To Study and Compare the Effect of Pre-Operative Skin Preparation with Aqueous Povidone Iodine Only and in Combination with Alcoholic Chlorhexidine on Surgical Site Infection in Tertiary Care Hospital SVRRGGH, Tirupati
Authors: P Adeppa , Prakash Gandikota Venkata , G Purushotham , Shanmugapandi Sumesh Raja
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Even the normal skin of healthy humans usually harbours a rich bacterial flora, which are usually non-pathogenic. But these organisms always have a potential to cause infection of the surgical site. The aim of surgical site preparation with antiseptics is to remove microorganisms harbouring the skin surface to a lower level. Povidine iodine (iodophors) and chlorhexidine are the agents most often used for pre-operative surgical site antisepsis. In this study, we wanted to determine the efficacy of pre-operative skin preparation with aqueous povidone iodine alone and when used in combination with alcoholic chlorhexidine for surgical site asepsis. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. 200 patients (100 in each group) were considered for the study who were undergoing clean elective surgery. Pre-operative preparation of skin in the surgical area was done by the respective antiseptic which was planned accordingly, after such application, sterile saline swab culture was taken immediately from the site of incision during surgery. In the cases which showed growth of organisms, they were isolated from colonies and subjected to gram staining, coagulase test and antibiotic sensitivity test. The organisms thus isolated were identified by their morphological and cultural characteristics and difference in colonization rates were considered as a measure of antiseptic regimen efficacy. RESULTS The results showed that, usage of povidine iodine along with alcoholic chlorhexidine is more efficacious and showed significant reduction of colonization rates at the site of incision, in comparison to using povidone iodine alone. Postoperative wound infections were lower, when povidine iodine is used in combination with chlorhexidine is used for pre-operative surgical site preparation. CONCLUSIONS Pre-operative skin preparation with the chlorhexidine gluconate 2.5 % v/v in 70 % propanol followed by aqueous povidone-iodine solution is an ideal for broad spectrum asepsis and the post-operative wound infection rate is much lower as compared to povidone iodine alone. KEYWORDS Skin Disinfection; Chlorhexidine; Propanol; Povidone-iodine; Bacterial Colonization
To Study the Effect of Chronic Kidney Disease on Hearing Function of the Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre of North India
Authors: Sodhi Jasneet Kaur , Sarin Vanita , Chandey Manish
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) encloses a continuum of pathophysiological processes associated with deranged kidney function and a progressive decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). There are many anatomic similitudes between cochlea and kidney at an ultra-structural level and antigenic level along with comparable physiological mechanisms, specifically, the active fluid and electrolytes transport in the cochlea and the kidney. The purpose of the present study was to determine the proportion, type and degree of hearing loss in patients with renal disease and its comparison according to the stage of CKD. METHODS The study was conducted on 60 patients of chronic kidney disease labelled as stage 3, 4 and 5 on the basis of GFR. An audiogram charted by pure tone audiometry was used to find the degree of hearing loss and its comparison in patients with moderate, severe and end stage CKD was done. The data was collected and analysed statistically. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 55.58 +/- 11.36 years and the mean duration of CKD was 15.61 months. 90 % patients of CKD had sensorineural hearing loss while 10 % had hearing sensitivity within normal limits. In the present study, mild degree hearing loss and high frequency hearing loss was found to be predominant constituting 68.3 % (n = 41) and 58.3 % (n = 35) respectively. Mild degree of hearing loss was a predominant finding irrespective of the stage and duration of CKD. CONCLUSIONS Sensorineural hearing loss was found predominantly amongst the CKD patients in our study population. Mild degree hearing loss was predominant but there was no correlation between stage of CKD and degree of hearing loss. While there was a significant correlation between degree of hearing loss with duration and haemodialysis amongst the non-diabetic CKD patients. KEYWORDS Chronic Kidney Disease, Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Comparative Analysis of Results of Paratricipital Approach and Olecranon Osteotomy in Non Comminuted Distal Humerus Fractures - A Retrospective Study Conducted at a Tertiary Hospital in Kolkata
Authors: Ghosh Subhadeep , Hazra Sunit
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Intercondylar humerus fractures and low transcondylar type fractures of distal humeral often require surgical exposure and anatomical reduction of the articular surface as well as stabilization of the medial and lateral columns of the distal humerus. Traditionally, these injuries have been treated surgically with various extensor mechanism-disrupting surgical approaches. These approaches have often led to delayed union or non-union of the olecranon, triceps weakness, and osteotomy-related prominent implants. To avoid these problems, various extensor mechanism-sparing approaches that provide bicolumnar exposure of the distal part of the humerus have been described, including triceps-splitting and reflecting techniques. The paratricipital approach was developed to avoid the problems of olecranon osteotomy approach for non comminuted distal humerus fractures. The purpose of this study was to compare the paratricipital approach with olecranon osteotomy and evaluate their effects on the functional outcomes of intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus managed with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) by reviewing 38 cases of intercondylar distal humerus fractures surgically managed with either of the approaches during 2015 - 2017. METHODS The retrospective study was conducted at our institution, R.G. Kar Medical College, Kolkata from May 2015 to May 2017. OA type C1 and C2 fractures were included in the study. Type C3 fractures were excluded from the study. Distal humeral open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) was performed with either orthogonal or parallel plate constructs in 38 patients, where paratricipital approach was used in 21 patients and olecranon osteotomy was done for 17 patients. RESULTS Patients in the paratricipital approach group seems to have better range of motion in terms of flexion and extension. Moreover, mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) of the paratricipital group is better than that of olecranon osteotomy group, even more so in younger age groups. CONCLUSIONS We found that ORIF via the paratricipital approach would confer better functional outcomes for simple intra-articular distal humerus fractures in patients of all age groups. KEYWORDS Distal Humerus Fracture, Paratricipital, Olecranon Osteotomy