bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Analysis of Propagation of Plastic Zones in Two-Dimensional Problems
Authors: Kozłowska Barbara
Published: February 2013

In the paper, the author presents experimental analysis of propagation of plastic zones in two-dimensional models with different stress concentrators. The experimental tests were carried out by photoelastic coating method on duralumin stripes loaded by tensile stresses. For various levels of loading, the photographs of isochromatic pattern were taken under loading and after removing loading. On the basis of isochromatic pattern recorded for loaded models, the boundaries of plastic zones were determined using the Treska-Coulomb yield condition. The isochromatic pattern taken for the unloaded, but previously partly plastified elements, show the picture of the residual strain remaining in the material. A discussion of the results is presented.
Streamflow Changes in Mesoscale Lowland Catchment Under Future Climate Conditions
Authors: Somorowska Urszula , Piętka Izabela
Published: February 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of streamflow in a lowland mesoscale catchment in Poland under current and future climate conditions. Simulations of hypothetical streamflow in the future climate were facilitated by meteorological data sets from ensemble simulations from all over Europe with the Regional Climate Model CLM. Projections of precipitation and air temperature for the 21st century under the SRES A1B scenario were used as an input to the hydrological model simulating streamflow at the daily time scale. The combination of relatively moderate increase of annual precipitation sum and mean air temperature might cause lower annual discharges. The possible decrease in stream water resources might be a signal of reduced subsurface recharge and land over drying processes.
Geotechnical Parameters of Alluvial Soils from in-situ Tests
Authors: Młynarek Zbigniew , Stefaniak Katarzyna , Wierzbicki Jędrzej
Published: February 2013

The article concentrates on the identification of geotechnical parameters of alluvial soil represented by silts found near Poznan and Elblag. Strength and deformation parameters of the subsoil tested were identified by the CPTU (static penetration) and SDMT (dilatometric) methods, as well as by the vane test (VT). Geotechnical parameters of the subsoil were analysed with a view to using the soil as an earth construction material and as a foundation for buildings constructed on the grounds tested. The article includes an analysis of the overconsolidation process of the soil tested and a formula for the identification of the overconsolidation ratio OCR. Equation 9 reflects the relation between the undrained shear strength and plasticity of the silts analyzed and the OCR value. The analysis resulted in the determination of the Nkt coefficient, which might be used to identify the undrained shear strength of both sediments tested. On the basis of a detailed analysis of changes in terms of the constrained oedometric modulus M0, the relations between the said modulus, the liquidity index and the OCR value were identified. Mayne’s formula (1995) was used to determine the M0 modulus from the CPTU test. The usefullness of the sediments found near Poznan as an earth construction material was analysed after their structure had been destroyed and compacted with a Proctor apparatus. In cases of samples characterised by different water content and soil particle density, the analysis of changes in terms of cohesion and the internal friction angle proved that these parameters are influenced by the soil phase composition (Fig. 18 and 19). On the basis of the tests, it was concluded that the most desirable shear strength parameters are achieved when the silt is compacted below the optimum water content.
Polymorphism in The Region of Bovine Prion Protein Gene and Selected Haematological Indices in Cows Naturally Infected with Bovine Leukaemia Virus
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Ewa , Bojarojć-Nosowicz Barbara , Czarnik Urszula
Published: February 2013

The objective of this study was to determine whether insertion-deletion (indel) 23 bp polymorphism of the bovine prion protein (PRNP) gene differentiates the total number of leukocytes and lymphocytes and the number of virus-infected lymphocytes. The experimental materials comprised 119 Black-and-White Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. Bovine leukosis was diagnosed by an indirect immunofluorescence based on the detection of viral protein p24 in bovine lymphocytes infected with leukaemia virus (BLV). Indel23 polymorphism was determined by PCR. Blood haematological parameters (total leukocyte counts, total lymphocyte counts, and their percentages) were determined at a specialist haematological laboratory. The examined indices were analysed in three replications, at one-month intervals. It was found that indel23 polymorphism significantly differentiated blood leukocyte counts and the total number and percentage of lymphocytes. Cows with the 23 bp del/del genotype showed significantly higher leukocyte and lymphocyte counts than animals with the remaining two genotypes. Higher values of the analysed haematological parameters noted in homozygotes with 23 bp deletion are similar to the values reported in cows affected by persistent lymphocytosis, thus pointing to an adverse effect of this genotype on the haemopoiesis process. The variations between indel23 genotypes and the number and percentage of BLV-infected lymphocytes are less obvious and more difficult to interpret.
Pathological Features of Experimental Bovine Leukaemia Viral (BLV) Infection in Rats and Rabbits
Authors: Dimitrov Petar , Simeonov Konstantin , Todorova Katerina , Ivanova Zina , Toshkova Reneta , Shikova Evelina , Russev Russy
Published: February 2013

Rabbits and rats were inoculated with material derived from FLK cells producing permanently bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). The viral presence in the inoculum was proved by transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, immunogold labelling demonstrating viral Tax protein, and PCR analysis. About 30 % of the infected animals sustained BLV seropositivity during the experiment, and demonstrated symptoms of lympholeukaemia - clinical manifestation of an immunosuppressive condition, increased number of lymphocytes and lymphoblasts, and preneoplastic lymphoid cell accumulations in the liver, lungs, kidneys, and lymph nodes. BLV DNA, detected by PCR in diseased animals, indicates the role of BLV as an aetiological factor of lympholeukaemia, developed in these animals after BLV infection. The alterations in rats were more pronounced than those in rabbits. The results prove that these two species of laboratory animals, especially rats, are suitable models for the in vivo studies of leukaemogenesis caused by BLV/HTLV infections.
Preliminary Study on the Safety of a New Vaccine Against Canine Babesiosis Containing Soluble Parasitic Antigen (SPA)
Authors: Adaszek Łukasz , Wernicka-Furmaga Romana , Winiarczyk Stanisław
Published: February 2013

The aim of this study was to assess the safety of a new vaccine, containing soluble parasitic antigen (SPA), against canine babesiosis. Fifteen dogs were included in the experiment. Five controls received only the adjuvant and 10 dogs were vaccinated with Babesia canis canis SPA twice, at a two weeks interval. For the whole period of the study all animals were under constant clinical observation. Haematological and biochemical tests were performed. Flu-like symptoms and local reactions at the injection site were observed in three animals from the vaccinated group and in two dogs from the control group. These events were transient, receded spontaneously and did not require any appropriate treatment. In 50% of the vaccinated dogs, a slight and spontaneously receding thrombocytopenia developed. However, in none of the animals used in the experiment shock symptoms were observed. Administration of the SPA did not affect the functions of internal organs, which was confirmed by normal results of biochemical tests. The obtained Babesia canis SPA can be considered safe and well tolerated by dogs, and therefore it can be used in further studies on the immunisation of animals against babesiosis.
Effect of a Protein-Xanthophyll Concentrate from Alfalfa and of Genotype and Sex of Lambs on their Blood Redox Profile
Authors: Ognik Katarzyna , Patkowski Krzysztof , Grela Eugeniusz R.
Published: February 2013

The experiment was conducted on lambs of the Polish Lowland sheep (PLS) and a synthetic BCP line. The redox potential was assessed in blood of lambs with different genotype and sex, which were fed feed mixtures with various contents of a proteinxanthophyll (PX) concentrate from alfalfa (1.5% and 3%). The 1.5% addition of PX concentrate to feed stimulated the response of the antioxidant defence mechanisms of the lambs to a greater extent than the 3% addition. The study showed that sex of the lambs had no significant effect on changes in the redox parameters of blood. The PLS genotype of lambs determined higher values of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant potential of plasma (FRAP), malondialdehyde, and vitamin C than the BCP genotype. Along with the growth of the lambs, a descending tendency was observed in SOD and catalase levels, and an ascending tendency in FRAP value.
A Morphometric Analysis of the Geniculate Bodies in Selected Mammalian Species
Authors: Najdzion Janusz , Wasilewska Barbara , Bogus-Nowakowska Krystyna , Równiak Maciej , Żakowski Witold , Robak Anna
Published: February 2013

Unbiased stereological methods were used to examine and compare morphometrically the geniculate bodies (GB) in representatives of four mammalian orders (Insectivora, Rodentia, Lagomorpha, and Carnivora). The significant disproportion was observed between the relative sizes of both geniculate nuclei and their neuronal populations in the common shrew and the bank vole. The medial geniculate body (MGB) in the common shrew definitely surpassed the lateral geniculate body (LGB) in terms of percentage volume and percentage number of neurons. The volume of the GB and their nuclei correlated with their mean neuronal populations, whereas the negative correlation was observed between volumes and neuronal density; however, not as distinct as in the non-sensory brain structures. In all examined species, the LGB always had a higher numerical density than the MGB, while the MGB neurons were always distinctly larger than that of the LGB, which clearly differentiated both neuronal complexes. Analysis of these data shows that the GB differs in terms of the morphometric characteristics in the studied species.
Chlamydiales – Taxonomy, Pathogenicity, and Zoonotic Potential
Authors: Niemczuk Krzysztof , Truszczyńsk Marian , Szymańska-Czerwińska Monika
Published: February 2013

Changes in the taxonomy of the order Chlamydiales, after its separation from the order Rickettsiales, were presented. These changes resulted in the recognition of the following families: Chlamydiaceae, Chlavichlamydiaceae, Criblamydiaceae, Parachlamydiaceae, Piscichlamydiaceae, Rhabdochlamydiaceae, Simkaniaceae, and Waddliaceae. Other described changes concerned particularly the family Chlamydiaceae. Its genus Chlamydia was divided into Chlamydia and Chlamydophila. However, in the following years, a revision to the single original genus was made, based upon phylogenetic analysis of 16S and 23S rRNA genes of the strains belonging to these two taxonomic units. The review also discusses other families outside the family Chlamydiaceae, which contain so-called Chlamydia-related or Chlamydia-like organisms. Members of each family share a 16S rDNA gene sequence similarity >90%. Furthermore, characterisation of the pathogenecity is presented, focusing especially on the representatives of the family Chlamydiaceae, which cause animal infections, and describing their zoonotic potential. Available data on this topic, connected with the representatives of other families, were mentioned.
Monitoring of Selected Genes in Campylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Coli Isolates from Domestic Animals
Authors: Selwet Marek , Galbas Mariola
Published: February 2013

In the present study, the presence of flaA, cadF, cdtB, and iam genes of Campylobacter sp. were analysed using PCR. Material for analyses comprised 100 Campylobacter sp. isolates obtained from healthy broiler chickens, fatteners, and calves, among which 84 isolates were ascribed to Campylobacter jejeuni and 16 to Campylobacter coli. All isolates (100%) had the cadF gene responsible for adhesion and the flaA gene determining the motility of the analysed bacteria. The frequency of occurrence of the cdtB gene responsible for the production of the cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) was determined to be high (98.6% in broiler chickens, 75% in fatteners, 62.5% in calves). In case of the iam gene, the highest frequency was recorded in Campylobacter sp. isolated from broiler chickens (84.7%), while in strains collected from fatteners and calves it was lower, amounting to 41.7% and 18.8%, respectively.
Simultaneous Determinaton of Fluoroquinolones in Feed by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Gbylik Małgorzata , Posyniak Andrzej , Gajda Anna
Published: February 2013

An HPLC method with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) was developed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of enrofloxacin, ciprofloksacin, sarafloxacin, and difloxacin in feed. The samples were extracted with 0.25% formic acid in ultrasonic bath and purified by solid phase extraction (SPE) on Strata-X cartridges. The samples were analysed on Luna C8 liquid chromatography column with gradient programme by acetonitrile and 0.025 M phosphoric acid with 0.0025 M sodium 1- heptanesulfonate monohydrate. The method was successfully validated according to the requirements of the European Decision 2002/657/EC. Recoveries of the components from spiked feed samples ranged from 55%-70%. Repeatability was <7%. The method presented here proved to be efficient, rapid, and a selective approach for determination of fluoroquinolones in feed.
Value of Fluorescence Polarisation Assay in Comparison to Traditional Techniques in Diagnosis of Porcine Brucellosis
Authors: Weiner Marcin , Iwaniak Wojciech , Szulowski Krzysztof
Published: February 2013

The aim of this study was the evaluation of fluorescence polarisation assay (FPA) in the diagnosis of porcine brucellosis in comparison with Rose Bengal test (RBT), serum agglutination test (SAT), complement fixation test (CFT), 2-mercaptoethanol test, and ELISA. Eight hundred seventeen sera from pigs, including 612 sera from healthy animals, seven sera from Brucella suis bv2 culture positive animals, and 198 sera classified as false positive, originated from confirmatory investigations, were used. All sera from healthy animals, negative in RBT, SAT, CFT, and ELISA were also negative in FPA. All sera positive in serological examination, originated from Brucella infected animals, were also positive in FPA. Among sera classified as false positive almost half of the samples tested (49.49%) reacted positively in FPA. The examinations confirmed the usefulness of FPA in diagnosis of porcine brucellosis, but the method, like the other tests, does not allow resolving the problem of discrimination cross-reacting from specific antibodies.
Occurrence of Leptospirosis in Domestic Animals Reared on Exposed or Non-Exposed to Flood Areas of Eastern Poland
Authors: Wasiński Bernard , Sroka Jacek , Wójcik-Fatla Angelina , Zając Violetta , Cisak Ewa , Knap Józef P. , Sawczyn Anna , Dutkiewicz Jacek
Published: February 2013

Blood serum samples collected from randomly selected groups of 32 pigs and 41 cows reared in farms belonging to the rural community “A” located in eastern Poland and exposed to the Vistula river floods, and serum samples from groups of 41 pigs and 40 cows from farms belonging to the rural community “B” located also in eastern Poland but not in the area exposed to floods, were examined by the microscopic agglutination test for the presence of antibodies against 18 Leptospira serovars. The percentage of serum samples presenting positive results with at least one serovar were higher in pigs and cows from community “A” comparing to community “B” (34.4% vs. 4.9% and 26.8% vs. 15.0%, respectively). In the case of pigs, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.0015). The reactions with 12 Leptospira serovars (Australis, Bataviae, Bratislava, Canicola, Hardjo, Hebdomadis, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Poi, Cynopteri, Grippotyphosa, Celledoni,), belonging to four species (L. interrogans, L.
borgpetersenii, L. kirschneri, L. weili) were found in the examined animals. In community “B”, six reactions with one serovar and two reactions with two serovars were noted whereas in community “A” - 19 reactions with one serovar, one reaction with two serovars and two reactions with six serovars were observed. The titres in animals reared in community “A” were significantly higher (up to 25,600) compared to community “B” (up to 200, P=0.0094). The obtained results suggest that the exposure to flooding may increase the infection rate in pigs and cows from afflicted areas to some extent.
Analysis of Hair Coat of Dachshund of Longhaired, Shorthaired, and Wirehaired Variety
Authors: Czyż Katarzyna , Patkowska-Sokoła Bożena , Filistowicz Andrzej , Janczak Marzena , Bodkowski Robert
Published: February 2013

The aim of the study was to analyse the hair coat of the three dachshund varieties, i.e. shorthaired, longhaired, and wirehaired, with respect to its histological structure and content of selected chemical elements. The study was conducted on female dachshunds originating from individual breeders. The study included the assessment of the contribution of particular hair fractions, measurements of hair thickness and length, and also the analysis of histological structure of particular hair fractions. A great differentiation in the parameters and structure of particular kinds of hair from the examined dogs was demonstrated. Thickness and length of hair of particular varieties showed statistically significant differentiation, as well as percentage contribution of particular hair fractions. As regard the content of chemical elements in particular hair fractions and dachshund variety, it appeared that the elements forming hair keratin were the most abundant. The findings presented in the paper may be a useful tool for the recognition of dachshund varieties based on their hair coat structure. They may be also a valuable contribution to the expanding breed standards, which lack histological hair description.
Treatment of venous leg ulcers with an ointment containing yarrow (Achillea millefolium) extract / Primena preparata sa ekstraktom hajdučke trave (Achillea millefolium) u lečenju venskih ulkusa potkolenice
Authors: Matić Milan , Đuran Verica , Jovanović Marina , Gajinov Zorica , Matić Aleksandra , Đuran Branislav , Pal Boža , Mimica-Dukić Neda
Published: February 2013

Traditional medicine credits yarrow (Achillea millefolium) with the ability to accelerate wound healing. The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of yarrow on the epithelization of the lower leg venous ulcers. The study included 39 patients with venous leg ulcers. They were divided into two groups: the first (experimental) group of patients were treated with an ointment containing 7.5% of yarrow extract. In the second (control) group, saline solution dressings were applied to ulcers, within the period of three weeks. In the experimental group, at the beginning of the therapy, the total surface of all the ulcers was 44736 mm2. After three weeks, the total surface of all the ulcers was 27000 mm2 (a decrease of 39.64%). In the control group, at the beginning of the therapy, the total surface of all the ulcers was 46116 mm2. At the end of the study (21 days) the total surface of all the ulcers was 39153 mm2 (a decrease of 15.1%). Herbal preparations are suitable for application in the therapy of venous ulcers, but their efficiency in wound healing is still to be investigated.
Risk of a second cutaneous primary melanoma and basal cell carcinoma in patients with a previous primary diagnosis of melanoma: true impact of dermoscopy follow-up in the identification of high-risk persons/ Značaj dermoskopskog praćenja u identifikaciji osoba s visokim rizikom od pojave drugog primarnog kutanog melanoma – prikaz slučaja
Authors: Drljević Irdina , Alendar Faruk
Published: February 2013

In clinical practice, positive personal history is considered to be as an indication of increased melanoma risk. The thickness of melanoma (Breslow Index) is the most important independent predicting factor of survival for stage I patients. We present a case of a second primary melanoma and basal cell carcinoma in a 48-year-old female patient with personal history of a superficial spreading melanoma located at the dorsal trunk with Breslow’s thickness of 0,5 mm and Clark’s II (stage IA) excised a year before, and a family background of melanoma. We would like to emphasize the benefits of digital dermatoscopy as well as teledermoscopy, and new teledermatology web services, in the follow-up of high-risk patients.
Peutz-Jegher’s Syndrome – A Case Report / Peutz-Jegher’s sindrom - prikaz slučaja
Authors: Sbutega Isidora , Popadić Svetlana , Ivanovski Petar , Arsov Biljana , Nikolić Miloš
Published: February 2013

Peutz-Jegher’s syndrome is a hereditary disorder characterized by melanocytic macules on the lips and buccal mucosa and multiple gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps. It is caused by a mutation localized on chromosome 19p13.3. Skin and mucosal pigmentation may be present at birth and usually occur in early childhood, but occasionally may develop later. It is associated with an increased risk of malignancy for gastrointestinal carcinoma and also for breast, ovarian, testiscular, pancreatic and gallbladder cancer. We report a 12-year-old girl who presented with disseminated petty yellowish macules on the bridge of her nose, numerous brown to bluish black macules on her lips and buccal mucosa. Mucocutaneous pigmentation has been present from the age of five, with a negative family history. In our patient, esophageal endoscopy was normal, while the endoscopy of stomach and duodenum revealed multiple diminutive polyps. After clinical evaluation, there were no indications for therapy. Further follow up was suggested. Continuous surveillance is very important for patients with Peutz-Jegher’s syndrome in order to reduce risks of cancer and prevent other morbidity and mortality.
Permafrost. The Contemporary Meaning of the Term and its Consequences
Authors: Dobiński Wojciech
Published: February 2013

Nowadays the term ‘permafrost’ means the thermal state of the ground, for which the temperature limit value is 0°C remaining for at least two years. It is the effect of the climate where the average annual temperature of the air is -1°C or lower. As a result of air temperature, it does not need to contain ice, so it can no longer be called underground glaciation, and the only processes which are subject to permafrost are aggradation and degradation. Also the occurrence of permafrost in the geographical environment is conditioned neither by the presence of water nor its phase change - freezing, as the cryotic state is its synonym. Although it is known that the majority of permafrost dates back to the Pleistocene, still the determination of its age is difficult because it consists in determining ‘the age of the temperature’, as it were. The maximum thickness of permafrost occurs in the Antarctic, and it is estimated to reach 2600 m. Permafrost covers more than 25% of the Earth surface together with ice-sheets and ice-caps.
Variability of Air Masses Over Podlasie (Ne Poland) in the Years 2001–2010
Authors: Kierklo Karolina
Published: February 2013

This paper concerns the frequency and duration of air masses over Podlasie (NE Poland) in the years 2001-2010. The synoptic maps in the Daily Meteorological Bulletin of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW 2001-2010) were the basis for the designation of six air masses observed over the area of Podlasie every day for 12.00 UTC. They were: arctic air (A), continental polar air (cP) partly transformed from old arctic air (oA), maritime polar air (mP), maritime warm polar air (mwP), old maritime polar air (omP), tropical air (T). The analysis shows that the most frequent air mass in the whole period was cP partly transformed from oA (approx. 33%) followed by omP (approx. 24%) and mP (19%). Tropical air occurred over Podlasie with the lowest frequency, with a value of only 3.6%. The frequencies of their occurrence varied from year to year. Less than 12% of cases (approx. 210) occurred for 4-20 days. The minimum values occurred for periods of more than 9 days (cP and omP masses, only). Slightly higher values occurred in the case of 7- to 9-day periods (6-14 cases 1.5%).
Den Danske Litterære Biografis Identitet – Med Udgangspunkt i Peer Hultbergs Biografiske Roman Præludier
Authors: Cymbrykiewicz Joanna
Published: February 2013

The paper discusses the issue of the contemporary Danish biographical novel, its identity and condition on the example of Peer Hultberg’s work on Chopin’s childhood, Preludes. The author of the article argues that the novel diverts to a large extent from the traditionally formulated principles which govern the genre of a biographical novel. In order to demonstrate it, the author analyses the text using the following criteria as a sort of a litmus test of the work’s “biographical provenance”: chronologically structured plot, objectivity and the protagonist’s development. As expected, the Preludes does not meet any of the above expectations towards a biographical novel, which proves that the work can be recognized as a postmodernist literary biography. The structure consisting of fragments, narration in the form of stream-of-consciousness and lack of milestones in the protagonist’s life are the primary features of the new genre which is seen as inherent in postmodernist tendencies, in particular those formulated by Jean-Francois Lyotard and Zygmunt Bauman.
Identitet Og Litteraturhistorie
Authors: Mai Anne-Marie
Published: February 2013

The paper discusses the need for a renewal of literary historiography and presents different strategies for new historical readings that can generate interest in older literature. Students at the Danish universities and high schools are supposed to have a solid knowledge of literary classics and the methods of historical reading. In a Danish context the school's task to form and develop young people have been linked to the experience of reading literature and knowing literary history. But the older literature seems to have become a compulsory reading which students want over with as quickly as possible. It is a big problem since the European postnational societies require a historical understanding of cultural values and the sources of these values. Literature gives the readers the opportunity to see and interpret themselves in relation to their surroundings, to meet the strange and unknown and to empathize with other people's thoughts and ideas. Literature creates a special feeling of language and an understanding of how linguistic meaning is formed. The paper presents discussions of literary historiography and new approaches to literary history.
På Vej Mod Short Storyen
Authors: Zanko Aldona
Published: February 2013

The article derives from the intertextual approach to the notion of literary identity, introduced to the modern literary theory in the 1960’s by Julia Kristeva (born 1941). The main idea behind this approach is that no literary text should be perceived as an isolated unity, but always in relation to other texts, which it refers to. The author applies the intertextual perspective to examine the signs of external literary influences in Lise Andersens minimalist prose collection ”En særlig sommer og andre billeder”, published in 2008. The analysis aims to highlight influences from the American short story genre, which appears as an important source of inspiration not only for Andersen herself, but in fact for most of the Danish writers of minimalist fiction. The analysis provides examples of, how inspiration from the American short story manifests itself in form, narration and structure of the selected stories in the collection. Last but not least, the author draws attention to the general importance of American influences in Danish contemporary short fiction and their role for the critical perception of this literary genre both in Denmark and abroad.
Styvbarnen i Folkhemmet?
Authors: Żmuda-Trzebiatowska Magdalena
Published: February 2013

The subject of the article is the experience of social exclusion present in five contemporary novels on childhood and adolescence spent in the Swedish folkhem, by Jonas Gardell, Lena Andersson, Mikael Niemi, Torbjörn Flygt and Susanna Alakoski. In the first part of the article I am discussing social exclusion as a term used in the debate about the Swedish welfare-state in crisis. The second part is an analysis of the literary texts, using a sociological perspective. I am focusing there on portraits of the children that are main characters in the novels, the children whose personal identity is being shaped in the shadow of the collective dream of a perfect society. Asking a question about the specifically Swedish character of those children’s sense of exclusion, I am referring to the words of the social democratic leader Per Albin Hansson, who in his speech of 1928, presented a vision of Sweden as a happy and fair common home (folkhem), in which there is no place for either favored citizens (“darlings”), or for second-class citizens (“stepchildren”).
Real –time dispatching modelling for trucks with different capacities in open pit mines / Modelowanie w czasie rzeczywistym przewozów ciężarówek o różnej ładowności w kopalni odkrywkowej
Authors: Ahangaran Daryoush Kaveh , Yasrebi Amir Bijan , Wetherelt Andy , Foster Patrick
Published: February 2013

Application of fully automated systems for truck dispatching plays a major role in decreasing the transportation costs which often represent the majority of costs spent on open pit mining. Consequently, the application of a truck dispatching system has become fundamentally important in most of the world’s open pit mines. Recent experiences indicate that by decreasing a truck’s travelling time and the associated waiting time of its associated shovel then due to the application of a truck dispatching system the rate of production will be considerably improved. Computer-based truck dispatching systems using algorithms, advanced and accurate software are examples of these innovations. Developing an algorithm of a computer- based program appropriated to a specific mine’s conditions is considered as one of the most important activities in connection with computer-based dispatching in open pit mines. In this paper the changing trend of programming and dispatching control algorithms and automation conditions will be discussed. Furthermore, since the transportation fleet of most mines use trucks with different capacities, innovative methods, operational optimisation techniques and the best possible methods for developing the required algorithm for real-time dispatching are selected by conducting research on mathematical-based planning methods. Finally, a real-time dispatching model compatible with the requirement of trucks with different capacities is developed by using two techniques of flow networks and integer programming.
Method of the production cycle duration time modeling within hard coal longwall faces / Metoda probabilistycznego modelowania czasu trwania czynności cyklu produkcyjnego realizowanego w przodkach ścianowych kopalń węgla kamiennego
Authors: Snopkowski Ryszard , Napieraj Aneta
Published: February 2013

Method of probabilistic modeling of the production cycle duration time within hard coal longwall faces has been described in the present study. Duration of these activities for various technologies, including probabilistic schemes modeling have been described in the introduction.

In order to illustrate the described method, an example of probabilistic modeling for data obtained from specific longwall face has been presented. The final chapters entitled “The possibility of Using the method” and “Results” contain information on the perspective of the method application in mining industry.
Reinforcing measures of steel roadway support in rockburst prone areas / Wzmacnianie stalowych obudów chodnikowych w obszarach zagrożonych tąpnięciami
Authors: Horyl Petr , Šňupárek Richard
Published: February 2013

Due to the strong impacts of rockbursts in Ostrava-Karvina coalfield, which affect especially roadways and cross-cuts of longwall panels, it is necessary to strengthen standard steel roadways and breakthroughs supports. However it is a little different task in comparison with main solved problems of mining safety (Kidybinski, 2011), the use of reinforcing complementary bolts seems to be very effective. A varieties of numbers and locations of such rockbolts have been analyzed and compared from the viewpoint of the stability under dynamic events on the base of 3D mathematic modeling. The method used for computer modeling has been FEM applied by ANSYS code. It deals with the shape and nature the following issues: the deformation of a steel support, strain and deformation of reinforcing bolts, the critical energy by which a permanent strain is caused and the influential interaction of the adjacent rock on the above mentioned characteristics. A recommendation for number and location of reinforcing complementary bolts is also contained.
Seismicity in mines due to roof layer bending rozwój / Sejsmiczności górniczej w rezultacie uginania się stropu
Authors: Marcak Henryk
Published: February 2013

The experience, which has been obtained in Polish mining allow us to conclude that the bending of the roof layer over an exploited seam is one of the most important factors influencing the risk of strong seismic emissions. The seismic consequences of plastic deformations during roof layer bending are discussed in the paper. The linear distribution of seismic shock epicentres and trends in the development of seismic energy and event frequency, are expected before very strong seismic events that greatly increase rock-burst risk.

The proposed model of inelastic deformations allow us to correlate the seismic data and results of mining observations, such as convergence of the roof layer and the changes of wells diameter drilled in the roof layer in assessing the risk of rock-bursting.
Influence of Specific Surface of Lignite Fluidal Ashes on Rheological Properties of Sealing Slurries / Wpływ Powierzchni Właściwej Popiołów Fluidalnych z Węgla Brunatnego na Właściwości Reologiczne Zaczynów Uszczelniających
Authors: Stryczek Stanisław , Wiśniowski Rafał , Gonet Andrzej , Złotkowski Albert
Published: February 2013

New generation fly ashes come from the combustion of coal in fluid-bed furnaces with simultaneous sulphur-removal from gases at ca. 850°C. Accordingly, all produced ashes basically differ in their physicochemical properties from the traditional silica ones. The aim of the laboratory analyses was determining the influence of specific surface and granular composition of fluidal ash on rheological properties of slurries used for sealing up the ground and rock mass media with hole injection methods, geoengineering works and cementing casing pipes in deep boreholes. Fluidal ash from the combustion of lignite contain active Puzzolan appearing in the form of dehydrated clayey minerals and active components activating the process of hydration ashes, i.e. CaO, anhydrite II and CaCO3. The ashes have a weak point, i.e. their high water diment, which the desired rheological properties related with the range of their propagation in the rock mass cannot not be acquired for injection works in the traditional sealing slurries technology. Increasing the water-to-mixture ratio should eliminate this feature of fluidal ashes. Laboratory analyses were performed for slurries based on metallurgical cement CEM III/A 32,5 having water-to-mixture ratios: 0.5; 0.6 ; 0.7 and 0.8; the fluidal ash concentration in the slurries was 30 wt.% (with respect to the mass of dry cement). Basing on the obtained results there were determined optimum recipes of sealing slurries in view of their rheological parameters which could be applied both in drilling technologies (cementing casing pipes, closing of boreholes, plugging) and in geoengineering works related with sealing up and reinforcing ground and rock mass media.
Causes and Consequences of Water Flux on the Example of Transverse Heading Mina in the Salt Mine “Wieliczka” / Przyczyny i Skutki Dopływu Wody na Przykładzie Poprzeczni Mina w Kopalni Soli „Wieliczka”
Authors: Gonet Andrzej , Stryczek Stanisław , Brudnik Krzysztof
Published: February 2013

The causes of disastrous water flux in the historical Salt Mine “Wieliczka“ have been presented on the example of transverse heading Mina at the IV level at a depth of 175 m bsl. The complex geological setting of direct environment of the transverse heading Mina has been described paying attention to unfavorable hydrogeological conditions in the northern part of the salt deposit. The main activities oriented to limiting the water hazard in the Salt Mine “Wieliczka“ and the reconstruction of inner safety pillar, which had been seriously damaged by mining activities, have been analyzed. A selection of objects inside the mine, saved from flooding thanks to protection works has been visualized in photos.
Analysis of Efficiency of Drilling of Large-Diameter Wells With a Profiled Wing Bit / Badania Efektywności Wiercenia Studni Wielkośrednicowych Świdrem Skrawającym z Profilowanymi Skrzydłami
Authors: Macuda Jan
Published: February 2013

In Poland all lignite mines are dewatered with the use of large-diameter wells. Drilling of such wells is inefficient owing to the presence of loose Quaternary and Tertiary material and considerable dewatering of rock mass within the open pit area. Difficult geological conditions significantly elongate the time in which large-diameter dewatering wells are drilled, and various drilling complications and break-downs related to the caving may occur.

Obtaining higher drilling rates in large-diameter wells can be achieved only when new cutter bits designs are worked out and rock drillability tests performed for optimum mechanical parameters of drilling technology.

Those tests were performed for a bit ø 1.16 m in separated macroscopically homogeneous layers of similar drillability. Depending on the designed thickness of the drilled layer, there were determined measurement sections from 0.2 to 1.0 m long, and each of the sections was drilled at constant rotary speed and weight on bit values.

Prior to drillability tests, accounting for the technical characteristic of the rig and strength of the string and the cutter bit, there were established limitations for mechanical parameters of drilling technology:

P ∈ (Pmin; Pmax)

n ∈ (nmin; nmax)

where: Pmin; Pmax - lowest and highest values of weight on bit,

nmin; nmax - lowest and highest values of rotary speed of bit,

For finding the dependence of the rate of penetration on weight on bit and rotary speed of bit various regression models have been analyzed. The most satisfactory results were obtained for the exponential model illustrating the influence of weight on bit and rotary speed of bit on drilling rate. The regression coefficients and statistical parameters prove the good fit of the model to measurement data, presented in tables 4-6.

The average drilling rate for a cutter bit with profiled wings has been described with the form:

Vśr= Z ·Pa· nb

where: Vśr- average drilling rate,

Z - drillability coefficient,

P - weight on bit,

n - rotary speed of bit,

a - coefficient of influence of weight on bit on drilling rate,

b - coefficient of influence of rotary speed of bit on drilling rate.

Industrial tests were performed for assessing the efficiency of drilling of large-diameter wells with a cutter bit having profiled wings ø 1.16 m according to elaborated model of average rate of drilling. The obtained values of average rate of drilling during industrial tests ranged from 8.33×10-4 to 1.94×10-3 m/s and were higher than the ones obtained so far, i.e. from 181.21 to 262.11%.
Application of Dst Interpretation Results by Log – Log Method in the Pore Space Type Estimation for the Upper Jurassic Carbonate Reservoir Rocks of the Carpathian Foredeep Basement / Interpretacja Testów Wykonywanych Rurowymi Próbnikami Złoża – Rpz w Skałach Węglanowych Górnej Jury Podłoża Zapadliska Przedkarpackiego
Authors: Dubiel Stanisław , Zubrzycki Adam , Rybicki Czesław , Maruta Michał
Published: February 2013

In the south part of the Carpathian Foredeep basement, between Bochnia and Ropczyce, the Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian, Kimmeridian and Tithonian) carbonate complex plays important role as a hydrocarbon bearing formation. It consists of shallow marine carbonates deposited in environments of the outer carbonate ramp as reef limestones (dolomites), microbial - sponge or coral biostromes and marly or micrite limestones as well. The inner pore space system of these rocks was affected by different diagenetic processes as calcite cementation, dissolution, dolomitization and most probably by tectonic fracturing as well. These phenomena have modified pore space systems within limestone / dolomite series forming more or less developed reservoir zones (horizons). According to the interpretation of DST results (analysis of pressure build up curves by log - log method) for 11 intervals (marked out previously by well logging due to porosity increase readings) within the Upper Jurassic formation 3 types of pore/fracture space systems were distinguished:

- type I - fracture - vuggy porosity system in which fractures connecting voids and vugs within organogenic carbonates are of great importance for medium flow;

- type II - vuggy - fracture porosity system where a pore space consists of weak connected voids and intergranular/intercrystalline pores with minor influence of fractures;

- type III - cavern porosity system in which a secondary porosity is developed due to dolomitization and cement/grain dissolution processes.
Method of Effective Use of Methane and Nitrogen Separated from Natural Gases / Metody Efektywnego Wykorzystania Metanu i Azotu z Naturalnych Gazów
Authors: Olajossy Andrzej
Published: February 2013

A mature concept of separation of natural gases, which usually contain methane and nitrogen, is the presented in the paper. As a result of ion-exchange with metal cations: Na, K, Mg followed by high-temperature roasting, clinoptilolite becomes a zeolite molecular sieve, that has kinetic diameter of 3.7 Å. As a result high-methane gas can be obtained 95 vol% methane, that can be directly sent to the gas network. The methane recovery exceeds 95%, whereas the outlet methane in nitrided gas losses are below 3 vol%. An idea was put forward to use the obtained nitrogen in enhanced oil recovery technology.
The influence of operating loads on the state of stress and strain in selected load-bearing elements of a tower-type headgear structure / Wpływ obciążeń eksploatacyjnych na stan naprężenia oraz przemieszczenia wybranych elementów nośnych konstrukcji basztowej wieży szybowych
Authors: Wolny Stanisław
Published: February 2013

The headgear structure allows the conveyance to be moved over the shaft top to the loading (unloading) point, at the same time it keeps in place the rope pulleys while tower-type headgear structures also accommodate the entire winder installations.

The headgear is where the final stage of the hoisting installation is located and where the surface transport systems begin. These aspects strongly impact the actual shape of the tower, its height and in some cases determine the design of the entire winding gear.

In order that all the headgear functions should be provided, it is required that the ultimate state conditions should be maintained throughout its entire service life. In order to assess the critical service conditions, the computation procedure should be applied based on design loads and fatigue endurance parameters.

The computations of characteristic loads acting on the headgear structure use the developed model of the system based on the dynamic analysis carried out for a specific case: a hoisting installation operated in one of the underground collieries in Poland. The maximal and minimal loads acting on a Koepe pulley and those required for the system operation are determined accordingly.

The laws of dynamics provide a background for finding the forces and moments of forces acting in the components of the driving system (including the electric motors and pulley blocks) for the specified loading of the Koepe pulley.

Underlying the numerical FEM model of the tower-type headgear structure are the technical specifications of the analysed object and FEM calculations followed by endurance analysis to find the state of stress in structural elements of the headgear under the typical service conditions.

The results help in assessing how the design of the hoisting installation should impact on safety features of load-bearing elements in the headgear structure.
Transient states of air parameters after a stoppage and re-start of the main fan / Stany przejściowe parametrów powietrza po postoju i załączeniu wentylatora głównego
Authors: Wasilewski Stanisław
Published: February 2013

A stoppage of the main ventilation fan constitutes a disturbance of ventilation conditions of a deepmine and its effects can cause serious hazards by generating transient states of air and gas flow. Main ventilation fans are the basic deep-mine facilities; therefore, under mining regulations it is only allowed to stop them with the consent and under the conditions specified by the mine maintenance manager. The stoppage of the main ventilation fan may be accompanied by transient air parameters, including the air pressure and flow patterns. There is even the likelihood of reversing the direction of air flow, which, in case of methane mines, can pose a major hazard, particularly in sections of the mine with fire fields or large goaf areas. At the same time, stoppages of deep-mine main ventilation fans create interesting research conditions, which if conducted under the supervision of the monitoring systems, can provide much information about the transient processes of pressure, air and gas flow in underground workings.

This article is a discussion of air parameter observations in mine workings made as part of such experiments. It also presents the procedure of the experiments, conducted in three mines. They involved the observation of transient processes of mine air parameters, and most interestingly, the recording of pressure and air and gas flow in the workings of the mine ventilation networks by mine monitoring systems and using specialist recording instruments.

In mining practice, both in Poland and elsewhere, software tools and computer modelling methods are used to try and reproduce the conditions prior to and during disasters based on the existing network model and monitoring system data. The use of these tools to simulate the alternatives of combating and liquidation of the gas-fire hazard after its occurrence is an important issue. Measurement data collected during the experiments provides interesting research material for the verification and validation of the software tools used for the simulation of processes occurring in deep-mine ventilation systems.