bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
فاعلية برنامج تعليمي قائم على أنموذج Schmeck في التحصيل والفهم العميق لدى طلاب الثالث المتوسط في مادة الرياضيات
Authors: الزهـيري حيدر عبد الكريم محسن
Published: July 2021

هدف البحث إلى التعرّف على (فاعلية برنامج تعليمي قائم على أنموذج Schmeck في التحصيل والفهم العميق لدى طلاب الثالث المتوسط في مادة الرياضيات)، تألفت العينة من (70) طالباً من طلاب الصف الثالث المتوسط بواقع (34) طالباً في المجموعة التجريبية الذين درسوا الرياضيات بالبرنامج التعليمي القائم على أنموذج Schmeck ، و(36) طالباً في المجموعة الضابطة الذين درسوا المادة نفسها بالطريقة الاعتيادية، ثم كافأ بينهما إحصائياً في متغيرات (العمر الزمني، ودرجة الرياضيات للعام الدراسي السابق، واختبار الذكاء، واختبار معلومات سابقة في الرياضيات)؛ واعدّ اختباراً للتحصيل من (40) فقرة موضوعية، واختباراً للفهم العميق من (30) فقرة موضوعية توزعت بالتساوي على خمس مهارات، وكلا الاختبارين من نوع اختيار من متعدد، وقد تحقق من خصائصهما السيكومترية، وبعد انتهاء التجربة وتطبيق الأداتين أظهرت النتائج: تفوق طلاب المجموعة التجريبية على طلاب المجموعة الضابطة في الاختبارين (التحصيلي والفهم العميق).
Evaluation of acute and subchronic toxicities of “Phuong Dong Dai Trang” tablets in experimental animals
Authors: Tung Tran Thanh , Duong Dau Thuy , Minh Pham Thi Thuy , Hien Nguyen Thu , Hang Dinh Thi Thu
Published: July 2021

The study aimed to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicities of “Phuong Dong Dai Trang” tablets through oral administration using experimental animal models. Acute toxicity in Swiss mice was determined using the Litchfield Wilcoxon method. The subchronic toxicity in Wistar rats was evaluated according to WHO and OECD’s recommendation with oral doses of 4.68 g/kg/day (equivalent to recommended human dose) and 14.04 g/kg/day (3 times the recommended human dose) for 4 consecutive weeks. In terms of acute toxicity, “Phuong Dong Dai Trang” tablets did not express acute toxicity in mice at the highest dose used (232.14 g materials/kg). In terms of the subchronic toxicity, after oral administration of “Phuong Dong Dai Trang” tablets, hematological parameters, hepato - renal functions, and microscopic images of liver and kidney were unchanged in the treatment group compared to the control group. In conclusion, “Phuong Dong Dai Trang” tablets did not produce acute and subchronic toxicities in Swiss mice and Wistar rats.
Artificial Selection Strategies Implementation in a Model for Musical Variation
Authors: Almada Carlos de Lemos
Published: July 2021

The present paper, integrating a broad research project intended to systematically study musical variation, presents two kinds of strategies employed in population control of derived forms produced in a computational complex. Both strategies are based on the principle of artificial selection, originated from Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution (Darwin, 1859/1872). Initially commenting on the conception of organic musical creation that provided the theoretical basis for the research and a brief description of four computational programs elaborated for systematical production of variants from a basic musical cell, the study presents the concept of artificial selection and its adaptation to musical context. It is followed by details of the two selection strategies´ recent implementation in the system. The paper concludes with a discussion on the results obtained in the current stage of implementation.
Investigando os sistemas de afinação de Harry Partch e Ben Johnston
Authors: Neimog Charles Klippel , Ribeiro Felipe de Almeida
Published: July 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo examinar os sistemas de afinação de Harry Partch (1901-1974) e de Ben Johnston (1926-) com a finalidade de emergir suas estruturas. Busca-se também investigar uma vertente pouco difundida da música americana, com forte fundamento na matemática e acústica musical. Este artigo baseia-se principalmente nos escritos destes dois compositores, assim como em partituras publicadas pelos mesmos. A pesquisa é parte das ações do Grupo de Pesquisa Núcleo Música Nova (CNPq/UNESPAR).
Compositional Design Based on Stochastic Procedures
Authors: Pitombeira Liduino , Santos Raphael
Published: July 2021

In this article, we discuss the application of stochastic music techniques in an aesthetic context different from that originally employed by Xenakis. These techniques applied in the serialism of pitch-classes were the basis for the creation of a computer program with the purpose to determine the duration and the harmonic profiles of pre-compositional materials from restrictions set by the composer. The resulting data, obtained by the exponential probability distribution, allowed us to plan and compose two works: one for pierrot ensemble and other for string quartet.
O Sistema Transtonal em Metalosfera, de Almeida Prado
Authors: De Nadai Robson Alexandre , Taddei Rita de Cássia
Published: July 2021

Este artigo apresenta inicialmente o Sistema Transtonal, criado pelo compositor Almeida Prado e empregado na peça Metalosfera. Por meio da análise de material esclarecemos o tripé que fundamenta o uso desse sistema de composição na obra: a ressonância de blocos sonoros e a importância dos harmônicos para efeitos timbrísticos; “neocadências” e a ocorrência de conclusões ambíguas. Especificamente na peça analisada, essa investigação aponta que o primeiro material empregado é um intervalo de 5J, ao qual se agrega uma 3M, portanto uma estrutura tonal. No desenvolvimento da obra esse intervalo de 3M se converte ora em 2m, ora 4A, sintetizando o material que é desenvolvido na peça e indicando implicações para o sistema atonal. O trabalho destaca Almeida Prado como o proponente do Transtonalismo, apontando principalmente o fato deste sistema fundir estruturas tonais e atonais, trazendo o fator ambiguidade como meio de agregar técnicas opostas.
Des Passions et des Sons: Notes sur l'Orchestration de Rameau
Authors: Guigue Didier
Published: July 2021

Partant de la premisse que Rameau pense les ressources sonores de l’orchestre comme un élément qui peut intervenir activement dans l’articulation d'une dynamique musicale mise au service de l'expression de situations dramatiques, nous nous proposons dans cet article d'étudier l'ariette Un Horizon Serein, de l'opéra Les Boréades, sous l'optique de son orchestration. Notre but est d'élucider comment le compositeur travaille les sonorités orchestrales dans le but de rendre tangibles à ses auditeurs les éléments dramatiques exposés dans le poème. Après avoir identifié les principaux topiques liés aux mot-clefs que le compositeur retient du poème, nous décrivons leurs configurations en insistant sur la diversité de leurs présentations sonores.
Um Estudo Analítico da Sonata para flauta (1941) de Cláudio Santoro
Authors: Santoro Alessandro
Published: July 2021

Este estudo aborda a Sonata para flauta e piano (1941) escrita por Cláudio Santoro durante os primeiros anos da Segunda Guerra Mundial, como membro atuante do Grupo Música Viva. Esta Sonata representa um marco histórico da música brasileira pois se trata de uma das primeiras obras de envergadura no repertório camerístico a empregar com plena consistência os princípios da técnica dodecafônica que apenas começava a ser difundida no Brasil. A peça estava extraviada e descreve-se as circunstâncias de sua recuperação. Demonstra-se a ligação da obra com o repertório que Santoro executava, tanto quanto à escolha do gênero, quanto à concepção da forma e influências estilísticas. Diversos aspectos da técnica dodecafônica empregada são analisados, relacionando os parâmetros estudados com a construção formal da peça para demonstrar o domínio do compositor da linguagem atonal desde suas primeiras obras no estilo.
"Sertania: Sinfonia do Sertão" de Ernst Widmer: um Discurso Narrativo
Authors: Nogueira Ilza
Published: July 2021

Sertania: Sinfonia do Sertão op. 138, a primeira sinfonia de Ernst Widmer, foi composta para a trilha sonora do filme “Boi Aruá”, um desenho animado em longa-metragem do artista plástico baiano Chico Liberato. Sertania é intimamente relacionada à concepção do filme, o qual, por sua vez, é uma tradução para a animação da história popular do boi encantado divulgada na literatura de cordel. A obra se insere, portanto, num contexto hierárquico de discursos em diferentes meios (literatura oral e escrita, filme e música) sobre um tema da ficção mitológica sertaneja. O caráter dramático conduz facilmente à percepção de uma narrativa musical, independentemente da consciência dos antecedentes culturais. Neste ensaio observamos a música sob a perspectiva semântica, refletindo sobre o potencial simbólico dos elementos do discurso (motivos melódicos, tópicas rítmicas, timbres exóticos, texturas e figuras de retórica) e, principalmente, sobre as estratégias composicionais que despertam e conduzem a imaginação narrativa.
Análise Musical Assistida por Descritores de Áudio: um estudo de caso da obra Reflexões de Jônatas Manzolli
Authors: Simurra Ivan Eiji
Published: July 2021

Trata-se de um artigo de análise musical com suporte computacional que associa as informações simbólicas de uma obra sinfônica com dados gerados por descritores de áudio, a partir da gravação da estreia da obra. Esse método foi aplicado na análise de Reflexões (2011) de Jônatas Manzolli, pois trata-se de uma obra que foca variações de 95 sonoridades a partir de um único referencial e da mistura com a eletroacústica. O objetivo foi encontrar padrões estruturais por intermédio de diversas características sonoras e analisar as correlações entre as mesmas.
A Migração dos Sentidos entre Les Bienfaits de la Lune de Charles Baudelaire e Sortilégios da Lua de Oiliam Lanna
Authors: Ribeiro Antonio Celso
Published: July 2021

O presente trabalho objetiva investigar a composição musical Sortilégios da Lua de Oiliam Lanna, sob o ponto de vista do silêncio. Composta para orquestra de cordas em 1998 e profundamente inspirada pela obra Les Bienfaits de la Lune do poeta simbolista francês Charles Baudelaire (1821-1867). O trabalho musical de Lanna foi confrontado com a obra de Baudelaire também a partir do ponto de vista do silêncio. Para tal foi tomado como referência principal o ‘silêncio como pré-significação’ como instituído por Eni Orlandi, a partir da visão da Análise de Discurso de Linha Francesa. Tratamos também do silêncio musical sob o ponto de vista do pragmatismo e procuramos compreender o papel do mesmo nas obras em questão, investigando as tensões entre paráfrase e polissemia nas duas obras. Por se tratar de uma pesquisa em linguagem não-verbal, usamos como suporte teórico, além dos dispositivos analíticos da Análise de Discurso de Linha Francesa, o conceito de migração de sentidos. Com este estudo pretende-se estabelecer o papel do silêncio como elemento estrutural e coincidente tanto na obra de Baudelaire quanto na de Lanna. A relevância desse trabalho repousa no ineditismo do tratamento dado a uma obra musical puramente instrumental a partir da Análise de Discurso de Linha Francesa inserindo este tipo de formação definitivamente dentro das classificações antes destinadas somente às formas de linguagens verbais.
O Desvio no Fluxo Composicional
Authors: Ishisaki Bruno Yukio Meireles , Garcia Denise H. L.
Published: July 2021

Neste texto buscamos compreender, no contexto dos processos criativos em composição musical, as características do desvio no fluxo composicional a partir da perspectiva do virtual deleuziano. Acreditamos que a manifestação do desvio é um acontecimento inevitável dentro do fluxo criativo que, ao produzir diferença por meio da atualização, promove uma dessemelhança entre o que é criado e o que é pensado. Neste caso, a atualização contribuiria para um processo mais espiralar do que linear, em oposição à imagem do fluxo criativo como um trajeto teleológico em linha reta (que iria das ideias para os estados de coisas).
Juan Orrego Salas: Cien Años de un Compositor Cervantino
Authors: Piñero Gil Carmen Cecilia
Published: July 2021

La figura del compositor chileno Juan Orrego Salas (Santiago de Chile, 18 de enero de 1919-Bloomington, Indiana, E.E.U.U., 24 de noviembre de 2019) se alza como una de las personalidades más importantes, influyentes y referenciales de la creación sonora académica de Iberoamérica en el siglo XX. Testigo y coautor del florecimiento de la composición latinoamericana y de los foros panamericanos, Orrego Salas pertenece a la segunda oleada de grandes creadores iberoamericanos del siglo XX que – junto a compositores como el argentino Alberto Ginastera o el panameño Roque Cordero – proyectaron y trascendieron el marco nacionalista al que la música latinoamericana se había visto constreñida después de Heitor Villa-Lobos, los mexicanos Carlos Chávez y Silvestre Revueltas o los cubanos Amadeo Roldán y Alejandro García Caturla.  En Orrego Salas confluyen compositor, musicólogo, docente, gestor y crítico musical además de un verdadero adalid de la promoción de la música latinoamericana como fundador del LAMC (Latin American Music Center) en Bloomington, perteneciente a la norteamericana Universidad de Indiana. Un importante rasgo de la personalidad de éste creador chileno es su “españolidad” vertida en varias obras de su catálogo compositivo entre las que destaca la cervantina Palabras de Don Quijote. El presente artículo, producto de dos artículos anteriores que sobre Juan Orrego Salas tuve ocasión de llevar a cabo, pretende ser un homenaje a este factotum musical con motivo del año de su centenario y fallecimiento, 2019.  En la primera parte se realiza un breve recorrido por su figura musical cuya pertinencia se explica por el incomprensible desconocimiento que de la creación musical iberoamericana y sus figuras se tiene, en ocasiones, no solo en geografías no americanas sino en los propios países de Latinoamérica. La segunda, y más extensa parte de este escrito, consiste en un análisis de Palabras de don Quijote en la que el compositor chileno proyecta su devoción por el universal autor de Don Quijote de La Mancha, al tiempo que hace suyos los valores del “caballero andante” para transitar su recorrido vital como hombre y creador, ejemplo de honestidad y coherencia ética e intelectual.
Compositionality as Creative Identity Building
Authors: Pitombeira Liduíno
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we examine the concept of Compositionality, proposed by Brazilian composer and scholar Paulo Costa Lima, from the interpenetration of five vectors: inseparability, creation of worlds, criticality, reciprocity and compositional processes. Three of these vectors will be compared with the Theory of Compositional Systems in an attempt to demonstrate that the inseparable flow between theory and practice is essential for the developing of a compositional process that comes with the creation of worlds. The systemic modeling of excerpts of Ponteio Op. 35, by Paulo Costa Lima, will be used as a case study for the compositional planning of a small fragment for flute, clarinet, and bassoon.
The Regional Uneven Development and the State Intervention to Reshape the Spatial Hierarchy
Authors: Lee Sangwan , Ock YunJae , Kim Mina , Schrock Greg
Published: July 2021

The central question in this study concerns the way in which the state intervention is strong enough to reverse the tide of regional uneven development that has been intentionally created by the state. To answer the question, we conduct a case study of the Innovation Cities in South Korea. We use the K-means Cluster Analysis and a Two-way Analysis of Variance with well-defined three indices on regional economic competitiveness. The results reveal that the development of Innovation Cities does not have a desirable impact on converging the regional disparity between core and periphery regions. At best, the regional gap has not widened. The outcomes also imply that the trickle-down effects have not been observed during the time-period of study. The findings suggest that policymakers carefully consider diverse full-factors toward periphery regions with consideration of the regional heterogeneity rather than focusing on the homogeneous approach.
PERBANDINGAN EKSTRAKSI TEKSTUR CITRA UNTUK PEMILIHAN BENIH KEDELAI DENGAN METODE STATISTIK ORDE I DAN STATISTIK ORDE II
Authors: Kaesmetan Yampi R.
Published: July 2021

The problem in determining the selection of soybean seeds for replanting, especially in East Nusa Tenggara is still an important issue. The thing that affects the quality of soybean seeds is found broken seeds, dull seeds, dirty seeds, and broken seeds due to the process of drying and shelling. Determination of soy bean quality is usually done manually by visual observation. The manual system takes a long time and produces products with inconsistent quality due to visual limitations, fatigue, and different perceptions of each observer. This research was conducted using comparison of image texture extraction with statistical methods of order I (color moment) and order II statistics (GLCM) for soy bean selection. Order I statistics (color moment) show the probability of the appearance of the value of the gray degree of pixels in an image, while the order II statistics (GLCM) show the probability of a neighborhood relationship between two pixels that form a cohesion matrix from the image data. This research is expected to help the classification process in determining soybean seeds. The k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) algorithm used in previous studies to classify the image objects to be examined. The results of this study were successfully conducted using k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) with euclidean distance and k = 1 with the results of color moment extracts getting the highest accuracy of 88% and the results of GLCM feature extraction for homogeneity characteristics of 75.5%, correlations of 78.67% , contrast is 65.75% and energy is 63.83% with an average accuracy of 70.93%.
PENERIMAAN MAHASISWA BARU BERBASIS WEBSITE PADA UNIVERSITAS KARYADARMA KUPANG
Authors: Maria Dina , Henuk Hildayanti
Published: July 2021

New Student Admission Information System at Karyadarma University has not used a web-based information system. This information system is an information system used to facilitate the registration administration process so as to make it easier for the Admissions Committee at the University of  Kupang Karyadarma. In developing the New Student Admission Information System using the Laravel framework method. This information system uses the PHP programming language and MYSQL database server. The system testing method uses blackbox and usability testing. The results of this study are a website-based New Student Admission Information System that can help the ongoing performance. The results of testing the software that was developed obtained a functionality value of 1 (Good), testing the usability aspect obtained results with a percentage of 94.66% (Very Eligible).
Klasifikasi Tekstur Serat Kayu pada Citra Mikroskopik Veneer Memanfaatkan Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Alamgunawan Suriani , Kristian Yosi
Published: July 2021

Convolutional Neural Network sebagai salah satu metode Deep Learning yang paling sering digunakan dalam klasifikasi, khususnya pada citra. Terkenal dengan kedalaman dan kemampuan dalam menentukan parameter sendiri, yang memungkinkan CNN mampu mengeksplor citra tanpa batas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti klasifikasi tekstur serat kayu pada citra mikroskopik veneer dengan CNN. Model CNN akan dibangun menggunakan MBConv dan arsitektur lapisan akan didesain menggunakan EfficientNet. Diharapkan  dapat tercapai tingkat akurasi yang tinggi dengan penggunaan jumlah parameter yang sedikit. Dalam penelitian ini akan mendesain empat model arsitektur CNN, yaitu model RGB tanpa contrast stretching, RGB dengan contrast stretching, Grayscale tanpa contrast stretching dan Grayscale dengan contrast stretching. Proses ujicoba akan mencakup proses pelatihan, validasi dan uji pada masing-masing input citra pada setiap model arsitektur. Dengan menggunakan penghitungan softmax sebagai penentu kelas klasifikasi. SGD optimizer digunakan sebagai optimization dengan learning rate 1e-1. Hasil penelitian akan dievaluasi dengan menghitung akurasi dan error dengan menggunakan metode F1-score. Penggunaan channel RGB tanpa contrast stretching sebagai citra input menunjukkan hasil uji coba yang terbaik.
Information Extraction Berbasis Rule Untuk Soal Ujian
Authors: Soenardjo Stefanus Nico , Gunawan Gunawan
Published: July 2021

Proses information extraction dapat dilakukan pada beberapa macam media, seperti artikel berita, tanya jawab dan sebagainya. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk melakukan information extraction pada media soal ujian yang dilengkapi dengan jawaban.

Pendekatan pengolahan informasi yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah information extraction berbasis rule. Informasi yang hendak digali adalah informasi data soal ujian beserta jawabannya. Inputan dalam penelitian ini pasangan file soal dan jawaban milik Cambridge. Ada beberapa mata pelajaran yang digunakan, yaitu Biologi, Matematika dan Ekonomi. Jenis soal yang digunakan juga ada beberapa macam, yaitu pilihan ganda dan esai. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan bisa menjadi media pembelajaran.  

Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan sebanyak 100 pasang data soal dan ujian. Sistem akan menerima 2 inputan file dengan format PDF. Kedua file ini merupakan pasangan soal dan jawaban. Proses yang diakukan adalah file akan dirubah menjadi 2, yaitu file HTML dan file PNG. File HTML mengandung semua teks soal dan file PNG mengandung semua gambar dari soal. Sistem akan mengambil teks dan gambar dari masing-masing soal dan jawaban berdasrkan rule yang sudah ditentukan. Penentuan rule dilakukan secara manual dengan mempelajari pola-pola data yang tedapat dalam tag HTML. Setelah proses ekstraksi, soal dan jawaban ini dipasangkan sesuai dengan nomor urutnya masing-masing. Pasangan soal dan jawaban ini kemudian akan disimpan ke dalam database. Dari hasil penelitian, tingkat akurasi yang didapatkan adalah sekitar 46%. Kendala utama yang dihadapi adalah format soal dan jawaban yang tidak strandar sehingga menimbulkan kesulitan dalam proses ekstraksi informasi.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Augmented Reality pada Pembelajaran Sistem Saluran Pernapasan dan Sistem Saluran Pencernaan pada Tubuh Manusia
Authors: Rico Rico Fiyan Hady , Armanto Hendrawan
Published: July 2021

Dituliskan Augmented Reality (AR) merupakan peluang baru untuk mempermudah kegiatan manusia dalam mengilustrasikan sesuatu. Karena pada dasarnya konsep AR adalah menampilkan objek grafis menjadi tampak nyata seolah ada dihadapan kita. Dalam segi pendidikan hal ini akan sangat berpengaruh mengingat konsep dari AR itu sendiri. Aplikasi ini akan mempermudah interaksi dua arah mengenai materi yang sedang disampaikan khususnya dalam jenjang sekolah dasar. Peserta didik seolah akan melihat objek yang sedang diajarkan berada didepan mereka. Hal ini membuat peserta didik dapat mengerti secara komplek dan terstruktur mengenai sistem pencernaan dan sistem pernapasan pada tubuh manusia dengan hanya menggunakan smartphone dan sebuah gambar sebagai marker. Hasil penelitian disalah satu sekolah mengungkap hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran AR akan meningkatkan pemahaman peserta didik dalam mengenal organ sesuai dengan kuisoner yang sudah diberikan. Aplikasi ini berhasil membantu belajar peserta didik untuk memperlajari sistem pernapasan dan sistem perncernaan pada tubuh manusia dengan menggunakan teknologi Augmented Reality (AR).
Crystals, Crystallization, and Crystallography in Hegel, Stendhal, and Ruskin
Authors: Dhanawade Anirudha
Published: July 2021

In the nineteenth century, various and very different writers and thinkers became fascinated by crystals and by the developing science of crystallography. This article sets out to explore and explain why this might have been the case. In order to do so, it examines the treatment of crystals in works by Hegel, Stendhal, and John Ruskin and looks at the influence of crystallographic science on these texts. It argues that, despite their many differences and divergent concerns, nineteenth-century writers often seized on images of crystal and crystallization for strikingly similar reasons that can be attributed in part to the development and dissemination of crystallography in the period. Across disparate discourses, crystals symbolized both metamorphosis and a radical resistance to change and offered a picture of a world constituted out of the tension between the opposing forces of transformation and stasis. The article contributes to the study of the influence of science on nineteenth-century writers. But it also suggests how the history of science and the study of the representation of specific materials such as crystal can be used to read across and identify relationships between ostensibly quite dissimilar dimensions of nineteenth-century culture.
“The Penalties of Greatness”: The Heiress in Susan Ferrier’s The Inheritance
Authors: Dashwood Rita J.
Published: July 2021

This article analyzes Susan Ferrier’s portrayal of her young heroine, Gertrude, in her second novel, The Inheritance (1824). Gertrude is the apparent heiress of an estate valued at £20,000 that she inherits in the second half of the novel. Ferrier’s choice of heroine is a fascinating one, given that her novel was published decades before the 1882 Married Women’s Property Act, a watershed moment that significantly contributed to the legitimization of female ownership of property. The emancipatory potential in Ferrier’s attribution of such wealth and power to her female heroine is, however, counteracted by the ending of the novel, in which Gertrude loses her material possessions after it is revealed that she is not the lawful inheritor of the estate. Ferrier’s decision to assign that power to her heroine only to take it away from her is, I argue, revealing of the two incompatible goals that she sets for herself with this novel. While on one hand she seeks to legitimize female ownership of property with her choice of heroine, she also uses that character to convey the religious idea that a life led in the pursuit of materialism and worldly pleasures is a frivolous and corruptive one.
A Cataclysm of Steam and Iron: The Shadow of Meudon and the Visualized Fear of the Railroad in Daumier’s Les Chemins de fer (1843–58)
Authors: Ostergaard Tyler E.
Published: July 2021

The lithographic caricatures of Honoré Daumier are among the earliest and most frequent depictions of the railroad in French visual culture. Those for Le Charivari and La Caricature show a complex and shifting reaction to the introduction of the railroad that has remained unanalyzed by scholars. This essay will argue that Daumier’s works were dramatically altered by the Meudon rail accident (1842) and that the severity of the accident, its early occurrence, and its proximity to Paris all shifted Daumier’s perception of the railroad and made a lasting impact on his conception of the railroad. Where his early images downplay or laugh at the danger of the railroad, his later images show the railroad as dangerous and violent and cast doubt on the progressive promises advanced by supporters of industrialization. Rather than expressing a Luddite sentiment, Daumier focused on the human cost of the new technology and used his images to critique the technocratic promises of the French government of the July Monarchy and the Second Empire while avoiding official censorship.
Majority rule and human rights: identity and non-identity in SAS v France
Authors: Nicholson Matthew
Published: July 2021

This article considers the July 2014 decision of the European Court of Human Rights in SAS v France in which the court upheld the legality of a ban on the wearing of the burqa and niqab in public places. Exploring the connection between SAS and a related trend of deference to the will of the national community in the court’s jurisprudence, it relies on Joseph Slaughter’s work to argue that the decision is best explained on the basis of what Theodor Adorno termed ‘identity thinking’ which, in a human rights context, involves the conceptualisation of human identity as something existing in and defined by the community rather than the individual. Drawing on the work of Franz Neumann, Otto Kirchheimer and Peter Mair, the article reflects on the social and political function of the ECtHR in the light of SAS and argues for an alignment between international human rights practice and the ‘non-identity thinking’ that Adorno advocated.
After the age of criminal responsibility: a defence for children who offend
Authors: McDiarmid Claire
Published: July 2021

In Scotland, the age of criminal responsibility is 8, although children cannot be prosecuted until they are 12. In England and Wales, for all purposes, the age is 10. This article argues that a further mechanism is needed to protect the young who do wrong within the criminal process and it argues for a new, bespoke defence, to be available to young people from the age of criminal responsibility until they attain the age of 18. It looks firstly at criminal capacity – what it is that needs to be understood fairly to hold anyone criminally responsible – and draws on material from developmental psychology and neuro-science, as well as looking at the child’s lived experience, to provide some evidence that the young may, without fault, lack this capacity. It then examines the use of age generally in law, and the age of criminal responsibility within this. Next, it considers existing lack of capacity defences – nonage, diminished responsibility, insanity (or mental disorder) and absence of mens rea – to consider their suitability for use by young and immature defendants. Finally, it presents a proposal for the form of the new defence, taking into account the need for balance with the public interest in conviction of the guilty. Throughout, it notes and analyses the Law Commission’s proposals in this respect.
Raising the minimum age of criminal responsibility in Scotland: law reform at last?
Authors: Sutherland Elaine E
Published: July 2021

Children in Scotland are held criminally responsible from the age of 8, something that has attracted wholly justified criticism within the country and from international organisations, including the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. Despite the fact that this puts Scots law in the same camp as some of the world’s least progressive regimes, proposals to raise the minimum age of criminal responsibility have, to date, been rejected. For the second time this century, a government-appointed advisory group recently recommended raising the age to 12. Setting the minimum age of criminal responsibility in Scotland in the context of historical, international and comparative developments and the burgeoning contemporary literature, this article argues that the climate for change has never been better. It predicts that, this time, the advisory group’s recommendation will result in legislative reform and highlights the challenges that will result.
Minority rights, integration and education in the Western Balkans
Authors: Craig Elizabeth
Published: July 2021

Using the lenses of minority rights and developments in education in the Western Balkans, this article analyses the adaptability of the European minority protection framework and identifies ongoing challenges in relation to its implementation. It focuses in particular on the balance between the accommodation of minority education rights and integration, arguing that there is an inherent flexibility within the European minority protection framework that has been used to good effect. It claims that a shift towards a more integrated approach to education in the Western Balkans was a necessity and one that strengthens rather than weakens the European minority protection framework. The argument is developed throughconsideration of the case studies of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, where ongoing challenges remain.
The right to education for young people excluded from mainstream in a divided society
Authors: O'Lynn Patricia
Published: July 2021

This paper offers a rights-based analysis of the equity of educational experience allocated to young people excluded from school in Northern Ireland. Using Tomaševski’s ‘4As scheme’ as a conceptual guide, the availability, accessibility, acceptability and adaptability of alternative education provision is examined. The article begins with a brief overview of the contextual landscape within which the sector operates, alluding to the definitional and procedural difficulties that have hindered the delivery of equitable alternative education services to date, before an examination of the current legal architecture within which the right to education may be given further realisation is detailed. The latter part of the article considers the extent to which the organisation, management and delivery of the EOTAS sector is rights-compliant, before concluding that the right to education, as it stands under domestic and international law, does not extend far enough to ensure and protect the educational entitlements of children excluded from school.
Probabilistic reasoning and the rhetorical reconstruction of DNA profiling evidence
Authors: Richmond Karen
Published: July 2021

The co-production of forensic–scientific knowledge claims, across disciplinary boundaries, requires the mobilisation of separate (and competing) domains of expertise. The task of the interdisciplinary socio-legal researcher – exploring the collaborative practices which contribute to the construction of DNA profiling evidence – is, therefore, a complex one. It requires an understanding of the ways in which the heterogeneous groups of institutional actors, who populate the criminal justice system, set about capturing biological substrates. Further, it requires the researcher to follow a complex series of laboratory translations: technological metamorphoses, which serve to convert evidential material into graphical representations, textual inscriptions, and probabilistic outputs. This paper explores the ways in which these dynamic processes may be more comprehensively understood through the use of visual research methods. Further, it demonstrates the capacity for socio-legal modelling to contribute to interdisciplinary forensic research.
The Gweagal shield
Authors: Keenan Sarah
Published: July 2021

When British naval officer James Cook first landed on the continent now known as Australia in April 1770, he was met by warriors of the Gweagal nation whose land he was entering uninvited. The Gweagal were armed with bark shields and wooden spears. Cook fired a musket at them, hitting one. The shield from that first encounter, complete with musket hole, is today displayed in the British Museum. It is subject to a repatriation request from Gweagal man Rodney Kelly, who wishes the shield to be displayed in Australia where Aboriginal people will be able to care for and view it. In this article, I outline the contested legal status of the shield. Centring Kelly’s perspective, I argue that, regardless of whether he is able to prove the precise genealogy of either the shield as object or himself as owner, as an Aboriginal man he has a better claim to the shield than the British Museum. What is at stake in the dispute between Kelly and the British Museum is not just rights over the shield but also the broader issue of basic colonial reparations: in this instance returning an Aboriginal object to Aboriginal control. The issue of ownership/possession of the Gweagal shield cannot be separated from the historical reality of Britain’s mass theft of Aboriginal land, decimation of Aboriginal people and destruction of Aboriginal culture.
Exploring the impact of the Victims’ Directive on service provision for victims of crime in Ireland
Authors: Leahy Susan , Spain Eimear
Published: July 2021

The article considers the impact which the Victims’ Directive will have on service provision for victims in Ireland and the challenges which will be faced in seeking to make the objectives of the Directive a reality. The primary focus of the Directive is the provision of effective services to victims of crime ‘to ensure that [they] receive appropriate information, support and protection and are able to participate in criminal proceedings’. Unlike proposals to give participatory or procedural rights to victims, providing services such as court accompaniment or similar supports is uncontroversial. However, while these rights are not controversial in principle, ensuring that victims receive consistent and effective services throughout their engagement with the criminal justice process is not necessarily easily achieved. The article begins by discussing the expectations which the Directive creates for victims under each of its three themes; that is, information, support and protection. Within the discussion of each theme, the article will highlight shortcomings which have been experienced by Irish victims in that area in the past and consider the initial attempts which have been made to meet the Directive’s objectives with regard to that specific theme. The authors argue that although clear efforts have been made to ensure the expectations created by the Directive become a reality, Ireland still has some way to go before full compliance is achieved. The article concludes by considering some of the general, practical challenges posed when seeking to implement the level of service provision envisaged by the Directive and outlining the commitments which the state will need to make to ensure that appropriate, Directive-compliant services are provided to victims.
Do constructive trusts deter disloyalty?
Authors: Hicks Andrew
Published: July 2021

Constructive trusts of disloyal fiduciary gain often are justified by the argument of deterrence. For there to be effective deterrence, two conditions must be satisfied: first, potentially disloyal fiduciaries must be sufficiently informed, directly or indirectly, of the properties of the constructive trust; secondly, fiduciaries must respond by accurately weighing the costs/benefits of disloyalty and other options before choosing the option that maximises their self-interest. Typically, one or both of these conditions will not be satisfied. Drawing upon insights from the behavioural sciences we find that fiduciaries contemplating disloyalty generally cannot be expected to be cognisant of the properties of the constructive trust and therefore cannot be influenced by them. Even when known, such properties will not necessarily influence fiduciary behaviour due to the way well-informed fiduciaries are likely to perceive and process the risk that their disloyalty will be detected. The deterrence gains generated by the recognition of a constructive trust are therefore likely to be negligible.
On the never-ending road to Brexit: perspectives for the European Union – introducing this special issue
Authors: Schiek Dagmar
Published: July 2021

N/A
The UK out, Social Europe in? Rethinking EU social integration in the wake of Brexit
Authors: Polomarkakis Konstantinos Alexandris
Published: July 2021

This article considers the impact of Brexit on the future of Social Europe. Through recourse to key moments in the history of European social integration, where Britain more often than not vehemently opposed any coming together, its role as an important veto player in EU social policy-making is established. With the UK set to leave the Union, the option for further social integration is no longer inconceivable. It is featured as one of the possible scenarios in the Reflection Paper on the Social Dimension of Europe, and recent developments, such as the European Pillar of Social Rights, together with its accompanying initiatives, appear to lay the groundwork towards that. The article concludes that, although the realisation of Social Europe is more likely post-Brexit, there are other Member States willing to take over the UK’s role and act as veto players on their own terms.
Reproductive loss and disposal of pregnancy remains
Authors: Austin Louise , McGuinness Sheelagh
Published: July 2021

In this paper we examine the legal framework which governs the management of pregnancy remains in the context of reproductive loss; specifically pregnancies which reach an unwanted end prior to 24 weeks’ gestation. It is important to consider the role for law as it is clear that law has the capacity to shape the nature of the care that people receive and their experience of bereavement at the time of reproductive loss. The unwanted end of a desired pregnancy can have profound consequences for those who experience it. How we respond to the needs of these individuals will have important consequences not just for their well-being, but it can also impact their future reproductive experiences. Furthermore, the original empirical research on which this paper is based demonstrates how healthcare practice in this area is problematic in its inconsistency, and in failures to account for the particular needs of the person who has suffered an unwanted end topregnancy. Because appropriate healthcare is properly determined in this context by the perspective of the individual, we argue that healthcare professionals should, as a matter both of good practice and of law, follow the individual’s lead when seeking to understand their needs. Accordingly, we advocate for the importance of all legal options for disposal of pregnancy remains being discussed when a person who has suffered reproductive loss wants that information and present practical measures that can be introduced to ensure this happens.
Case review: Extraterritorial corporate liability for environmental harm: Okpabi v Royal Dutch Shell
Authors: Rooney Jane
Published: July 2021

N/A
Liability threshold for damages in public procurement: the EFTA Court’s Fosen-Linjen saga
Authors: Sanchez-Graells Albert
Published: July 2021

In this case comment, I explore the two EFTA Court Judgments in the Fosen-Linjen saga and their opposing views on the interaction between EU/EEA rules on procurement remedies and the more general principle of state liability for breaches of EU/EEA law. I review the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and, in particular, the perceived inconsistencies between the two 2010 judgments in Strabag and Spijker, which featured very prominently in the legal arguments submitted to the EFTA Court in both Fosen-Linjen cases. I also use the benchmark of the UK Supreme Court's Nuclear Decommissioning Authority judgment to support the view that Spijker reflects the correct understanding of EU/EEA law and that there should be no further debate about it. I submit that the Court of Justice of the European Union would be well-advised to (re)confirm the position enshrined in Spijker at the earliest opportunity, to avoid any perpetuation of this debate in the context of EU/EEA public procurement law.
Foreword to special issue marking the 50th anniversary of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: O'Boyle Michael
Published: July 2021

N/A
Tribute to Professor Stephen Livingstone
Authors: Morison John
Published: July 2021

N/A
Effective access to justice: myth or reality?
Authors: McCloskey The Rt Hon Lord Justice
Published: July 2021

N/A
ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN BERAS SEMI ORGANIK DI KABUPATEN OKU TIMUR
Authors: Munsiarum
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research were to: (1) To determine the level of production costs and revenue from the management of semi-organic rice in East OKU District, (2) To analyze whether the management of semi-organic rice in East OKU District to develop. This research was conducted in 3 villages namely Karang Sari, Tegal Rejo, and Sumbersuko. The location determination is done intentionally (purposive) because in the village there is the management of organic rice. The research was conducted in May 2013. The study found that the average total cost of production which acquired the generated business in the year to 1 reception Rp 9.342 million, - / Process, a fee of Rp 4,771,679, - / process then revenue Rp 4,570,303, - / process. Enterprises in the year to 2 reception Rp 10.0602 million, - / Process, a fee of Rp 4,657,624, - / process the revenue of Rp 5,402,576, - / process. Enterprises in the year to 3 reception Rp 13.75 million, - / Process, a fee of Rp 4,675,274, - / process, the revenue of Rp 9,074,726, - / process. Enterprises in the year to 4 reception Rp 20.4 million, - / processes, costs Rp 4,681,574, - / process, the revenue of Rp 15,718,426, - / process and NPV values obtained Comfounding lowest factor of 18% amounting to Rp 25 854 .258, - / 4 years, the value NPVN Comfounding highest factor of 30% was obtained at a negative value - Rp 1,661,258, - / 4 years with an IRR obtained 29.28% and Net B / C gained 1.26, then attempt profitable and feasible to be developed and passed.
ANALISIS PEMASARAN IKAN LELE SANGKURIANG DI KABUPATEN OKU TIMUR
Authors: Hariyono
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research were to : (1) To know how the marketing channel of sangkuriang catfish in East OKU, (2) to know the kentungan obtained by each marketing institution of sangkuriang catfish in East OKU, (3) Analyze how efficiency, marketing margin , Farmer share on each marketing channel of sangkuriang catfish in East OKU Regency. This research was conducted in two sub-districts, Belitang and Buay Madang Timur of OKU Timur Regency, the selection of research location was done purposively with the consideration that both sub-districts are one of production centers of sangkuriang catfish and from various types of consumption fish produced. This research was conducted in March - April 2014. This research found that marketing channel of catfish sangkuriang up to the existing consumer in East OKU there are 3 channel that is Channel I (cultivation of catfish sangkuriang to consumer) Channel II (Cultivator of catfish sangkuriang Gatherer Consumer Retailer Dealer) Channel III (Cultivators of catfish sangkuriang Large Traders of Consumers). The biggest marketing margin accepted by the marketing institution is the big trader that is Rp. 4.900, - / kg then the collector is Rp.3.224, - / kg while the retailer is only Rp.1.717, - / kg while the highest farmer share on channel I where the farmer sells directly to the consumer and is not charged to marketing costs. Sangkuriang catfish marketing channel in East OKU district where channel I (direct producer to consumer) is the best marketing channel. This is caused by the channel I lack of additional marketing costs.
ANALISIS USAHATANI SEMANGKA DAN KONTRIBUSINYA TERHADAP PENDAPATAN KELUARGA DI DESA SUMBER MULYO KABUPATEN OKU TIMUR
Authors: Munsiarum
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research were to : (1) To calculate the cost of production and farm income watermelon in Sumber Mulyo, (2) To analyze the advantages of farming watermelons in Sumber Mulyo, (3) To determine the contribution of farming income watermelon terhahap total family income paddy rice farmer in the village of Sumber Mulyo. The research was conducted in Sumber Mulyo East OKU District. Research was conducted on the Moon June-July 2014 with a simple random sampling method with 24 samples. The study found that farmers earn income from farming watermelons Rp. 7,834,399.47 per the production process, watermelon farming profitable in Sumber Mulyo with a value of 2.27, and a watermelon farm income contribution to total family income of paddy farmers in Sumber Mulyo amounted to 36.16%.