bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iatrogenic Complications of Compulsory Treatment in a Patient Presenting with an Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder and Self-Harm
Authors: Burrin Charlotte , Daniels Natasha Faye , Cardinal Rudolf N. , Hayhurst Catherine , Christmas David , Zimbron Jorge
Published: May 2021

Attempted suicide and deliberate self-harm are common and challenging presentations in the emergency department. A proportion of these patients refuse interventions and this presents the clinical, legal, and ethical dilemma as to whether treatment should be provided against their will. Multiple factors influence this decision. It is difficult to foresee the multitude and magnitude of complications that can arise once it has been decided to treat individuals who do not consent. This case illustrates a particularly complex chain of events that occurred after treating someone against their will who presented with self-harm and suicidal ideation. These consequences are contrasted with those of not intervening when similar situations arose with the same patient.
A Two-Stage Process for Differentiation of Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Neuronal-like Cells
Authors: Equbal Zaffar , Baligar Prakash N. , Srivastava Madhulika , Mukhopadhyay Asok
Published: May 2021

With no permanent cure for neurodegenerative diseases, the symptoms reappear shortly after the withdrawal of medicines. A better treatment outcome can be expected if the damaged neurons are partly replaced by functional neurons and/or they are repaired using trophic factors. In this regard, safe cell therapy has been considered as a potential alternative to conventional treatment. Here, we have described a two-stage culture process to differentiate Wharton Jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) into neuronal-like cells in the presence of various cues involved in neurogenesis. The fate of cells at the end of each stage was analyzed at the morphometric, transcriptional, and translational levels. In the first stage of priming, constitutively, wingless-activated WJ-MSCs crossed the lineage boundary in favor of neuroectodermal lineage, identified by the loss of mesenchymal genes with concomitant expression of neuron-specific markers, like SOX1, PAX6, NTRK1, and NEUROD2. Neuronal-like cells formed in the second stage expressed many mature neuronal proteins like Map2, neurofilament, and Tuj1 and possessed axon hillock-like structures. In conclusion, the differentiation of a large number of neuronal-like cells from nontumorigenic and trophic factors secreting WJ-MSCs promises the development of a therapeutic strategy to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
Efficient Privacy-Preserving Certificateless Public Auditing of Data in Cloud Storage
Authors: Yan Hao , Liu Yanan , Zhang Zheng , Wang Qian
Published: May 2021

Cloud computing is a fast-growing technology which supplies scalable, innovative, and efficient business models. However, cloud computing is not fully trusted, and the security of the data outsourced in cloud storage needs to be guaranteed. One of the hottest issues is how to ensure the integrity of the data in cloud storage. Until now, many researchers have proposed lots of provable data possession (PDP) schemes to deal with the problem of data integrity audition. Nevertheless, very little effort has been devoted to preserve the data uploader’s privacy while auditing the integrity of data shared in a group. To overcome the shortcoming, we propose a novel certificateless PDP protocol to efficiently audit the integrity of data shared in a workgroup with user privacy preserving. Due to the inherent structural advantage of the certificateless crypto mechanism, our PDP scheme eliminates the key escrow problem and the certificate management problem simultaneously. Moreover, the audition process in our scheme does not need any user’s identity which helps to keep the anonymity of data uploader. We give for our scheme a detailed security proof and efficiency analysis. Experiment results of performance evaluation demonstrate that our new scheme is very efficient and feasible.
[Retracted] Microbiome‐Metabolomics Reveals Endogenous Alterations of Energy Metabolism by the Dushen Tang to Attenuate D‐Galactose‐Induced Memory Impairment in Rats
Authors: Wang Jifeng , He Min , Guo Wenjun , Zhang Yanhong , Sui Xin , Lin Jianan , Liu Xiaoran , Li Hui , Li Jing , Yang Qing , Kan Mo , Zhang Zhuang , Ming Sitong , Qu Xiaobo , Li Na
Published: May 2021

Aging affects the brain function in elderly individuals, and Dushen Tang (DST) is widely used for the treatment of senile diseases. In this study, the protective effect of DST against memory impairment was evaluated through the Morris water maze (MWM) test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A joint analysis was also performed using LC‐MS metabolomics and the microbiome. The MWM test showed that DST could significantly improve the spatial memory and learning abilities of rats with memory impairment, and the TEM analysis showed that DST could reduce neuronal damage in the hippocampus of rats with memory impairment. Ten potential biomarkers involving pyruvate metabolism, the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, and other metabolic pathways were identified by the metabolomic analysis, and it was found that 3‐hydroxybutyric acid and lactic acid were involved in the activation of cAMP signaling pathways. The 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that DST could regulate the structure of the gut microbiota in rats with memory impairment, and these effects were manifested as changes in energy metabolism. These findings suggest that DST exerts a good therapeutic effect on rats with memory impairment and that this effect might be mainly achieved by improving energy metabolism. These findings might lead to the potential development of DST as a drug for the treatment of rats with memory impairment.
Bioactive Substances in Safflower Flowers and Their Applicability in Medicine and Health-Promoting Foods
Authors: Adamska I. , Biernacka P.
Published: May 2021

Safflower flowers (Carthamus tinctorius) contain many natural substances with a wide range of economic uses. The most famous dye isolated from flower petals is hydroxysafflor A (HSYA), which has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This review is aimed at updating the state of knowledge about their applicability in oncology, pulmonology, cardiology, gynecology, dermatology, gastrology, immunology, and suitability in the treatment of obesity and diabetes and its consequences with information published mainly in 2018-2020. They were also effective in treating obesity and diabetes and its consequences. The issues related to the possibilities of using HSYA in the production of health-promoting food were also analyzed.
Sand Blocking Mechanisms and Productivity Analysis of Slant Well in Siltstone Reservoirs
Authors: Jia Peifeng , Cui Chuanzhi , Zhao Yizhong , Wang Xiukun , Sui Yingfei
Published: May 2021

The siltstone reservoir with many small layers of pay zones is usually produced by slant holes. However, severe sand blockages take place when the siltstone reservoir is developed by slant holes. Currently, the sand blocking mechanisms and the effect of sand blocking on productivity of slant well are still challenges for engineers and scholars. In this paper, based on the existing productivity model of inclined slant wells, the mechanical skin factor, which describes the effect of sand blocking on productivity, is proposed. Meanwhile, many experimental works have been done to investigate the sand blocking mechanisms in siltstone reservoirs. From the experimental work, it is concluded that with the increase of displacement PV number and displacement flow rate, the permeability of sand control system decreases by 40%. When solid particles enter the casing and block the gravel and sand control screen in the annulus, the skin factor increases sharply and the productivity decreases by more than 80%. Through the productivity calculation of multilayer sand control wells, it is considered that larger gravel packing radius can keep particles away from the well bore, which is helpful to ensure oil well productivity. Furthermore, the influence of differential filling radius on the fluid production capacity of each layer of sand control well is analyzed. It is proved that optimizing the filling radius of each layer can improve the production effect of mediate- and low-permeability layers. This method has been applied in Kendong #12 block. The daily oil production rate is increased by 9.61 t/day, and the oil recovery of this block is increased by 2.12%.
CLE against SOA with Better Data Security Storage to Cloud 5G
Authors: Wang Huige , Chang Xing , Chen Kefei
Published: May 2021

Cloud 5G and Cloud 6G technologies are strong backbone infrastructures to provide high data rate and data storage with low latency for preserving QoS (Quality of Service) and QoE (Quality of Experience) in applications such as driverless vehicles, drone-based deliveries, smart cities and factories, remote medical diagnosis and surgery, and artificial-intelligence-based personalized assistants. There are many techniques to support the aforementioned applications, but for privacy preservation of Cloud 5G, the existing methods are still not sufficient. Public key encryption (PKE) scheme is an important means to protect user data privacy in Cloud 5G. Currently, the most common PKE used in Cloud 5G is CCA or CPA secure ones. However, its security level maybe not enough. SOA security is a stronger security standard than CPA and CCA. Roughly speaking, PKE with SOA security means that the adversary is allowed to open a subset of challenger ciphertexts and obtains the corresponding encrypted messages and randomness, but the unopended messages and randomness remain secure in the rest of the challenger ciphertexts. Security against SOA in PKEs has been a research hotspot, especially with the wide discussion in Cloud 5G. We revisited the SOA-CLE and proposed a new security proof, which is more concise and user friendly to understand privacy preservation in Cloud 5G applications.
A Rare Twist of the Forgotten Disease: A Case of Fusobacterium necrophorum Sepsis with Portomesenteric Thrombosis and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Lazar Nicholas , Sardarli Kamil , Imam Zaid , Khasawneh Majd , Hader Ismail
Published: May 2021

Abdominal variants of Lemierre’s syndrome presenting with pylephlebitis are rare, and the role of anticoagulation in treatment is controversial. We hereby report a case of pylephlebitis secondary to F. necrophorum bacteremia in a 57-year-old female originating from bacterial translocation secondary to colitis, who developed a favorable outcome with prompt treatment with antibiotics and anticoagulation. We also perform a literature review on similar cases in the literature and discuss management options of this rare but potentially fatal complication.
[Retracted] Steady‐State Flow Characteristics and End Clearance Optimization of Internal Gear Grease Pump
Authors: Li Xinjian , Tang Lingfeng , Qian Ming
Published: May 2021

The internal gear grease pump is a mechanical device used for transfer of high viscosity fluid. The existing clearance between the end faces of the internal or external gear and the floating side plate might cause pump leakage during operation. In order to obtain the optimal end clearance of the internal gear grease pump, the rheological features of the lubricating lithium‐based grease for various temperatures are explored via rotating rheometer. Shear force and apparent viscosity are chosen as monitored experimental parameters. The experimental data is fitted to obtain grease rheological features at various temperatures. The end clearance flow field model and the leakage model are established. Fluent software is employed for solving the flow field model and exploring the effect of temperature, end clearance, and speed on grease leakage. Superior grease flow performance is observed with an increase in temperature, which makes it to easier for the grease to leak from the end clearance. With an increase in the end clearance and the working pressure of the pump, an increase in leakage is also observed. Furthermore, it is found that rotational speed also affects the pump leakage. The leakage mechanism is obtained by combining the rheological features of the grease at the end clearance. The mathematical model method is utilized to solve for the optimal value of the end clearance.
Efficient Algorithms for E-Healthcare to Solve Multiobject Fuse Detection Problem
Authors: Ahmad Ijaz , Ullah Inam , Khan Wali Ullah , Ur Rehman Ateeq , Adrees Mohmmed S. , Saleem Muhammad Qaiser , Cheikhrouhou Omar , Hamam Habib , Shafiq Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Object detection plays a vital role in the fields of computer vision, machine learning, and artificial intelligence applications (such as FUSE-AI (E-healthcare MRI scan), face detection, people counting, and vehicle detection) to identify good and defective food products. In the field of artificial intelligence, target detection has been at its peak, but when it comes to detecting multiple targets in a single image or video file, there are indeed challenges. This article focuses on the improved K-nearest neighbor (MK-NN) algorithm for electronic medical care to realize intelligent medical services and applications. We introduced modifications to improve the efficiency of MK-NN, and a comparative analysis was performed to determine the best fuse target detection algorithm based on robustness, accuracy, and computational time. The comparative analysis is performed using four algorithms, namely, MK-NN, traditional K-NN, convolutional neural network, and backpropagation. Experimental results show that the improved K-NN algorithm is the best model in terms of robustness, accuracy, and computational time.
miR-455 Inhibits the Viability and Invasion by Targeting RAB18 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Chenghong , Zhu Guicai , Yu Miaolin , Mi Xiufang , Qu Honghua
Published: May 2021

Background. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been regarded as the fifth most common cancer worldwide with a low prognosis. miR-455 usually played the role of a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of miR-455 in HCC. Materials and Methods. Cell viability and invasion were measured by CCK8 and Transwell assays. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify that miR-455 directly binds to the 3′-noncoding region (UTR) of RAB18 mRNA in Huh7 cells. Results. The expression of miR-455 was lower in HCC tissues and cell lines than in nontumor tissues and normal cell line, and downregulation of miR-455 was connected with worse outcome of HCC patients. miR-455 suppressed cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, and it inhibited the abilities of cell invasion and EMT in HCC. RAB18 was upregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines, and the expression of RAB18 was regulated by miR-455. RAB18 reversed partial roles of miR-455 on cell viability and invasion in HCC. Conclusion. miR-455 inhibited cell viability and invasion by directly targeting the 3′-UTR of RAB18 mRNA of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Vibration Response Characteristics and Application of Existing Railway Subgrade
Authors: Zhang Junyun , He Zhuoling , Chen Siyuan , Zhang Le
Published: May 2021

The existing conventional methods of subgrade disease assessment are not suitable for the existing lines. There are many research studies on the vibration response and attenuation law of the railway subgrade, but few research studies focus on the vibration response and attenuation law caused by the weak subgrade. In this study, vibration response tests were carried out at different positions and depths of the subgrade before and after reinforcement improvement. The results show that vibration response near the ballast is obvious, and it attenuates with the increase of the horizontal distance from the rail; the vibration acceleration response of the subgrade after reinforcement changes greatly; the vibration response curve of the reinforced section is spindle shaped, and the vertical vibration acceleration response attenuates obviously at the depth of 6.5 m, only about 10% to 30% of the surface; the vibration acceleration of the subgrade with reinforcement at the depth of 4.5 m attenuates to 60% of the surface; the vibration acceleration of the subgrade without reinforcement at the depth of 4.5 m attenuates to 50%–60% of the surface.
Reduce Surface Electromyography Channels for Gesture Recognition by Multitask Sparse Representation and Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance
Authors: Qu Yali , Shang Haoyan , Li Jing , Teng Shenghua
Published: May 2021

Surface electromyography- (sEMG-) based gesture recognition is widely used in rehabilitation training, artificial prosthesis, and human-computer interaction. The purpose of this study is to simplify the sEMG devices by reducing channels while achieving comparably high gesture recognition accuracy. We propose a compound channel selection scheme by combining the variable selection algorithms based on multitask sparse representation (MTSR) and minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR). Specifically, channelwise features are first extracted to compose channel-feature paired variables, for which variable selection procedures by MTSR and mRMR are carried out, respectively. Then, we rank all the channels according to their occurrences in each variable selection procedure and figure out a certain number of informative channels by fusing these rankings of channels. Finally, the gesture classification performance using the selected channels is evaluated by the support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Experiment results validate the effectiveness of this proposed method.
[Retracted] Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome: Clinical, Neuroimaging Characteristics, and Outcomes in a Series of 18 Cases
Authors: Lv Xinhuang , Hong Qian , Lin Xiuxiu , Chen Weian , Tian Yuan
Published: May 2021

Objective. To investigate the etiology, clinical as well as neuroimaging characteristics, and outcomes after proper treatment in a series of 18 patients with osmotic demyelination syndrome. Methods. Medical records, including video records, of 18 patients with osmotic demyelination syndrome were retrospectively examined. Demographic and clinical information, imaging results, plans of management, and outcomes during the follow‐up period were collected and analyzed. Results. Eighteen patients, including 10 males and 8 females, were included in the present study. The mean age at diagnosis of CNS insult was 47.4 ± 13.3 years (ranged from 30 to 78 years). Etiologies included rapidly corrected hyponatremia (50%), alcoholism (27.8%), and others. Neurological manifestations included encephalopathy (61.1%), dysphonia (50%), extrapyramidal symptoms (38.9%), and seizures (22.2%). Neuroimaging results showed that 6 patients (33.3%) had central pontine myelinolysis, 5 (27.8%) had extrapontine myelinolysis, and 7 (38.9%) had both. After treatment, 12 patients showed improvement and the other 6 did not. Among these patients, those who showed symptoms of encephalopathy had a favorable outcome. The majority of those who presented with mental retardation, seizures, and no other symptoms recovered better than their counterparts who had other symptoms. Nine out of 11 patients with pseudobulbar paralysis and/or extrapyramidal symptoms showed improvement, but the other 2 did not show improvement. Five patients who did not improve after treatment during admission were followed up for 1‐3 months with rehabilitation training recommended, and it was found that 3 showed significant improvement after training, and the other 2 did not respond to this training. Conclusions. Osmotic demyelination syndrome is a complex disease entity due to a variety of etiologies, manifesting with symptoms involving diverse systems of the brain. Early identification and removal/correction of conditions leading to osmotic demyelination syndrome are the key to prevent and/or manage this disease.
Risk Assessment and Prevention of Surface Subsidence under Buildings by Cemented Paste Filling and Strip Mining Methods: A Case Study
Authors: Qiang Sun , Nan Zhou , Weijian Song , Xu Zhao
Published: May 2021

Intensive and continuous mining of coal resources in China implies their gradual exhaustion, especially in the eastern regions. While some mines face closure, others have to extract residual coal resources under buildings, water bodies, and industrial sites. Thus, safe and efficient mining of the residual coal resources requires innovative techniques, which would account for the particular site’s geological conditions. In this study, two schemes of roadway mining with cemented paste backfilling (RMCPB) and strip mining are put forward. After analyzing the type, construction, and protection standard of the buildings, the probability integration method and the prediction model are used to assess the surface subsidence and deformation. The research results show that both schemes can control the surface deformation to a certain extent, but RMCPB combines the advantages of a high coal recovery rate and disposal of gangue waste. According to the surface subsidence predicted and measured data, the RMCPB method can effectively control the surface subsidence, deformation, and buildings’ safety. It also yields significant economic and environmental benefits.
Acupoint Injection for Alleviating Side Effects of Chemotherapy in People with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang Yulan , Su Hairong , Wen Jian , Hong Jianyun
Published: May 2021

Objective. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of acupoint injection for alleviating side effects of chemotherapy in people with cancer. Methods. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library databases, CNKI, VIP, WanFang Date, and CBM were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception through December 28, 2020. This meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. Results. A total of 8 RCTs including 557 participants were eligible and included in the meta-analysis. The selected RCTs studied acupoint injection for alleviating side effects of chemotherapy in people with cancer. Statistically significant improvements were observed for the incidence of nausea and vomiting (RR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.26, 0.58;

P

 < 0.00001), the number of leukocyte (MD = 1.89; 95%CI 0.74, 3.03;

P

 = 0.001), and the number of platelet (MD = 28.82; 95%CI 19.33, 38.30;

P

 < 0.00001). Two of these studies suggested that acupoint injection can also reduce some other adverse reactions, which showed a statistical difference (RR = 0.29; 95% CI 0.11, 0.75;

P

 = 0.01). Conclusion. The analysis indicated that acupoint injection can alleviate side effects of chemotherapy in people with cancer. However, due to the high risk of bias and small sample size in the included studies, the results need to be further confirmed by further large, rigorously designed trials.
The Life and Scientific Legacy of the Outstanding Ukrainian Economist V. A. Kosynskyi (1864–1938)
Authors:   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Sukhoterina Lyubov
Published: May 2021

The article is dedicated to the activities of the Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, doctor of political economy, Volodymyr Andriyovych Kosynskyi (1864–1938), who was born in Ukraine and worked in many European countries, particularly in Latvia. Kosynskyi was active as an economist, statistician, and a public and political figure, who held the position of the Minister of Labor of Ukraine from November to December 1918. The study allows to systematize and critically evaluate the sources on the impact of Kosynskyi’s activities on the development of economics, as well as to reconstruct the main stages of his life and professional career. After a critical evaluation of the sources on the impact of Kosynskyi’s activities in economics, it is shown that his main contribution was the following: development of methodological problems of political economy, the theory and practice of credit, and methodology to develop agriculture. Kosynskyi was among the first to proclaim the transition of statistics from a science that collects and organizes information to a science that explains and predicts. The article also presents a periodization of Kosynskyi’s life and creative path, tracing the following periods: the Hlukhiv period, the Moscow period, two Riga periods, two Odessa periods, the Kyiv period, and the Czech period.
O Instituto Millenium na busca por poder
Authors: Vieira Allana Meirelles , Chiaramonte Aline Rodrigues
Published: May 2021

Propomos analisar como o Instituto Millenium busca estabelecer a sua legitimidade e, consequentemente, desenhar sua posição no campo do poder. Para isso, partimos da investigação do perfil social dos mais de 250 nomes elencados em seu site. Iniciamos o texto com uma análise da retórica difundida pelo Imil no momento de sua fundação, sublinhando em quais lutas ele investe; passamos para o exame das posições ocupadas por esses agentes por meio de uma Análise de Correspondências Múltiplas; em seguida, com a Análise de Cluster, traçamos os quatro grupos principais com os quais o Imil entabula relações. Concluímos que este think tank ainda ocupa uma posição frágil no campo do poder, buscando conquistar sua legitimidade por meio da mediação de uma rede de relações composta por jornalistas, empresários, intelectuais e agentes com postos na burocracia estatal, constituintes de uma elite que atua em diversos espaços sociais.
Marcelo Caetano, do idealismo da juventude à política real (1906-1944): uma teorização histórico-sociológica
Authors: Mendes Pedro Emanuel
Published: May 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma teorização histórico-sociológica do percurso político de Marcelo Caetano desde a sua infância até a sua chegada ao governo como ministro das Colônias em 1944. O artigo desenvolve uma análise entrecruzada dos contextos sociais, políticos e ideacionais da vida pessoal, profissional e política de Marcelo, com o objetivo de desenvolver uma análise relacional da sua ascensão como personalidade política incontornável do Estado Novo português. O artigo identifica as principais influências sociais e ideacionais na formação intelectual inicial de Marcelo e explica o processo de transição do jovem Marcelo idealista para o Marcelo maduro que aposta numa carreira política dentro do Estado Novo. Seu principal argumento é que é necessária uma visão histórica mais reflexiva sobre o percurso político de Marcelo, sublinhando a sua capacidade de acumular capital social
Lignification and cell wall thickening of ray parenchyma cells in Scots pine sapwood
Authors: Zimmer Katrin , Treu Andreas
Published: May 2021

Scots pine exhibits variations in ray anatomy, which are poorly understood. Some ray parenchyma cells develop thick and lignified cell walls before heartwood formation. We hypothesized that some stands and trees show high numbers of lignified and thick-walled parenchyma cells early in the sapwood. Therefore, a microscopic analysis of Scots pine sapwood from four different stands in Northern Europe was performed on Safranin — Astra blue-stained tangential micro sections from outer and inner sapwood areas. Significant differences in lignification and cell wall thickening of ray parenchyma cells were observed in the outer sapwood between all of the stands for the trees analyzed. On a single tree level, the relative lignification and cell wall thickening of ray parenchyma cells ranged from 4.3% to 74.3% in the outer sapwood. In the inner sapwood, lignification and cell wall thickening of ray parenchyma cells were more frequent. In some trees, however, the difference in lignification and cell wall thickening between inner and outer sapwood was small since early lignification, and cell wall thickening was already more common in the outer sapwood. Ray composition and number of rays per area were not significantly different within the studied material. However, only one Scottish tree had a significantly higher number of ray parenchyma cells per ray. The differences discovered in lignification and cell wall thickening in ray parenchyma cells early in the sapwood of Scots pine are relevant for wood utilization in general and impregnation treatments with protection agents in particular.
Harvestmen in the first twenty years: a scientometric analysis of Zootaxa’s contribution to opilionology (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Opiliones)
Authors: PÉREZ-GONZÁLEZ ABEL , ACOSTA LUIS E. , PROUD DANIEL N. , SHULTZ JEFFREY W.
Published: May 2021

In its first twenty years of existence Zootaxa has been widely utilized among researchers of Opiliones, mainly those coming from Latin American countries, principally Brazil. During 2003–2020, a total of 141 papers on Opiliones were published in Zootaxa (no papers were published on Opiliones in the first two years, 2001–2002). The journal has greatly facilitated the dissemination of knowledge on Opiliones, especially with respect to the taxonomy and systematics of harvestmen from the Neotropical Realm. Those 141 papers in Zootaxa include almost a quarter (191) of the new species of Opiliones described between 2001 and 2020, as well as 112 new synonymies. Additionally, 27 of those papers proposed 182 new or restored combinations. A total of 108 authors working in 25 countries have contributed papers to Zootaxa focusing on Opiliones. There is clearly a predominance for collaborative contributions with more than twice as many papers authored by two or more authors compared to single-author publications. In general, the majority of papers deal within the local biogeographic realm (where the lead author resides). Studies of harvestmen from seven of the eight biogeographic realms were published in Zootaxa during 2003–2020. The largest portion of these contributions were by far focused on the Neotropical opiliofauna, but Australasian, Nearctic, Indomalayan, Palearctic, Afrotropical and Antarctic opiliofauna are covered as well. No papers on Opiliones have been published in Zootaxa by authors representing countries in Africa. We also recognize a strong gender bias in authorship and the current composition of Opiliones subject editors. We will strive to create an inclusive environment and aim to promote diversity of scientists who study Opiliones.
A brief history of Lepidoptera section contributions to Zootaxa
Authors: BROWN JOHN W. , BYUN BONG-KYU  , KIM DA-SOM
Published: May 2021

As a reviewer, John Brown received the first Lepidoptera manuscript submitted to Zootaxa in 2002. Within a year he was persuaded by a colleague to volunteer as its first Lepidoptera section editor. As submissions increased, he realized that he needed assistance, so in July 2005 he enlisted Robert Robbins (U.S. National Museum of National History), and the two editors split the submissions—Brown covered moths and Robbins butterflies. As submissions continued to grow, Robbins stepped down and Brown was again the sole editor. Owing to the ever-increasing manuscript load, in 2007 Brown submitted a proposal to several colleagues, inviting them to become Lepidoptera section editors, with the concept that the more editors there were, the fewer manuscripts each would have to handle, and their duties would include papers primarily in their area of expertise. The solicitation was successful, with four new subject editors coming on board in 2007: Lawrence Gall for macrolepidoptera families, Michael Toliver for butterflies, Jean-François Landry for microlepidoptera families, and Shen-Horn Yen for Pyraloidea and Zygaenoidea; the last two are still section editors today. Over the next 13 years, numerous editors came and went—turnover in editorship was always viewed as a positive way to involve new scientists and interject fresh ideas. From 2001 to 2020, a cumulative total of 21 scientists have served as Lepidoptera Section editors (Table 1), representing 14 different countries.
Contributions to ophiology in Zootaxa 2001–2020: patterns and trends
Authors: DEEPAK V. , PASSOS PAULO , NAGY ZOLTÁN T. , ZAHER HUSSAM , ŠMÍD JIŘÍ , NGUYEN TRUONG QUANG , CARRANZA SALVADOR , CISNEROS-HEREDIA DIEGO F. , DAVID PATRICK , TAMAR KARIN , GOWER DAVID J
Published: May 2021

There are currently 3,900 recognized, extant snake species belonging to 529 genera globally (Uetz et al. 2021; this study), making snakes one of the most diverse major groups of squamates. Of the 665 currently recognized species that were described between 2001 and 2020 (a ~17% increase in total species), ~34% of these (226 species) were described in Zootaxa. This number does not include species resurrected from synonymy. The other ~66% (439) species were described in 105 other journals, bulletins or books (Fig.1a). Overall, the number of new snake species described every year is gradually increasing, and 40% of the new species described since 2011 were published in Zootaxa. Following Zootaxa, the second ranked journal, with 37 described species since 2001, is Herpetologica (Fig. 2). Anecdotally, the choice of Zootaxa as a publication outlet for new species descriptions by most authors is based on speed of publication post-acceptance, publication free of charge, relatively unconstrained number of papers published per year, relatively unconstrained manuscript length, expert section editors and reviewers, and consolidated scientometric parameters.
Zootaxa 20 years: Phylum Porifera
Authors: HOOPER JOHN N.A. , WÖRHEIDE GERT , HAJDU EDUARDO , ERPENBECK DIRK , DE VOOGD NICOLE J. , KLAUTAU MICHELLE
Published: May 2021

The peer-reviewed journal Zootaxa has accelerated the rate of sponge (Porifera) species discoveries in 289 peer-reviewed papers published between 2002 up until the end of 2020, describing 725 new species, six new subspecies, 27 new genera, four new subgenera, and 123 new species and genus names needed to resolve existing homonyms. Zootaxa has been the most prolific of all taxonomic journals in its contributions to describing new taxa of Porifera in modern times. This present article analyses these taxonomic contributions over the past 20 years of Zootaxa, including their trends and highlights pertaining to sponge publications.
Predicting Urban Surface Roughness Aerodynamic Parameters Using Random Forest
Authors: Duan G. , Takemi T.
Published: May 2021

The surface roughness aerodynamic parameters z0 (roughness length) and d (zero-plane displacement height) are vital to the accuracy of the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. Deriving improved urban canopy parameterization (UCP) schemes within the conventional framework remains mathematically challenging. The current study explores the potential of a machine-learning (ML) algorithm, a random forest (RF), as a complement to the traditional UCP schemes. Using large-eddy simulation and ensemble sampling, in combination with nonlinear least squares regression of the logarithmic-layer wind profiles, a dataset of approximately 4.5 × 103 samples is established for the aerodynamic parameters and the morphometric statistics, enabling the training of the ML model. While the prediction for d is not as good as the UCP after Kanda et al., the performance for z0 is notable. The RF algorithm also categorizes z0 and d with an exceptional performance score: the overall bell-shaped distributions are well predicted, and the ±0.5σ category (i.e., the 38% percentile) is competently captured (37.8% for z0 and 36.5% for d). Among the morphometric features, the mean and maximum building heights (Have and Hmax, respectively) are found to be of predominant influence on the prediction of z0 and d. A perhaps counterintuitive result is the considerably less striking importance of the building-height variability. Possible reasons are discussed. The feature importance scores could be useful for identifying the contributing factors to the surface aerodynamic characteristics. The results may shed some light on the development of ML-based UCP for mesoscale modeling.
Large Differences in Diffuse Solar Radiation Among Current-Generation Reanalysis and Satellite-Derived Products
Authors: Chakraborty T. , Lee X.
Published: May 2021

Though the partitioning of shortwave radiation (K↓) at the surface into its diffuse (K↓,d) and direct beam (K↓,b) components is relevant for, among other things, the terrestrial energy and carbon budgets, there is a dearth of large-scale comparisons of this partitioning across reanalysis and satellite-derived products. Here we evaluateK↓,K↓,d, andK↓,b, as well as the diffuse fraction (kd) of solar radiation in four current-generation reanalysis (NOAA-CIRES-DOE, NCEP/NCAR, MERRA-2, ERA5) datasets and one satellite-derived product (CERES) using ≈1400 site years of observations. Although the systematic positive biases inK↓is consistent with previous studies, the biases in griddedK↓,dandK↓,bvary in direction and magnitude, both annually and across seasons. The inter-model variability in cloud cover strongly explains the biases in bothK↓,dandK↓,b. Over Europe and China, the long-term (10-year plus) trends inK↓,din the gridded products are noticeably differ from corresponding observations and the grid-averaged 35-year trends show an order of magnitude variability. In the MERRA-2 reanalysis, which includes both clouds and assimilated aerosols, the reduction in both clouds and aerosols reinforce each other to establish brightening trends over Europe, while the effect of increasing aerosols overwhelm the effect of decreasing cloud cover over China. The inter-model variability inkdseen here (0.27 to 0.50 from CERES to MERRA-2) suggests substantial differences in shortwave parameterization schemes and their inputs in climate models and can contribute to inter-model variability in coupled simulations. Based on these results, we call for systematic evaluations ofK↓,dandK↓,bin CMIP6 models.
A method to analyze invisibility: Navigating the dissonance between woke and safe
Authors: Mohabeer Ravindra N
Published: May 2021

This article starts by considering how ‘the talk’ that black and non-black minority families give to their children comes as a duty to transfer the wisdom of how to be invisible forward through generations. It is not uncommon to think about being visible as a social good, but this is not quite so straightforward when one occupies a body deemed as ‘other.’ This article exposes this tension to explore how invisibility can be understood as an independent, complex, and nuanced social dynamic in its own right by considering literature that uses invisibility as an analytical lens, providing a synthesis of that literature to offer a preliminary multidimensional model of invisibility to extend extant tools for sociological study. This literature considers race, gender, sexuality, various presentations of power, and different social systems to demonstrate a model that identifies how the intersection of power, affect, presence, and voice fluidly transfigure across time and space to create an overall social construct of invisibility. This suggests that deeper development of a multidimensional construct of invisibility can provide a reasoned and valuable additional lens to address a range of social dynamics.
Parameter identification of pulsed eddy current testing equivalent circuit model and its application to defect evaluation
Authors: Xu Zhiyuan , Fan Shanwei , Song Tiejun
Published: May 2021

The equivalent circuit model of pulsed eddy current testing (PECT) has simple mathematics but its applications are limited to qualitative analysis such as principle illustration and signal interpretation. In this paper, the parameters of equivalent circuit model are estimated using system identification method and quantitative relationships are found between some of the parameters and the size of the defect. The equivalent circuit equations were solved from the perspective of system analysis to yield the system transfer function. An m-sequence of 10 order was selected to excite the system and the probe current was used as the output. A set of experiment input-output data for system identification were obtained by performing experiments on two aluminium alloy 6061 slabs, one of which was machined with five slots of different widths, and the other one was machined with five depth-varied slots. The equivalent circuit parameters were finally estimated based on the identified transfer function parameters. It is found that the values of resistance and self-inductance of the secondary windings decrease greatly and monotonically with the increase of the slot width or depth. The self-inductance is more sensitive to the slot size variation than the resistance. Both of them have the potential to serve as the signal feature for defect evaluation in PECT applications.
The importance of keeping a social perspective during pandemic times: Social psychiatry in Sweden
Authors: Engwall Kristina , Storm Palle
Published: May 2021

We discuss the pandemic strategies in Sweden concerning social psychiatry during the first wave. We argue that the omission of social workers’ perspective in the COVID-19 strategy has negatively impacted clients with psychiatric disabilities and has also weakened the overall pandemic strategy.
Assessing the Relationships Between COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders and Opioid Overdoses in the State of Pennsylvania
Authors: King Brian , Patel Ruchi , Rishworth Andrea
Published: May 2021

COVID-19 is compounding opioid use disorder throughout the United States. While recent commentaries provide useful policy recommendations, few studies examine the intersection of COVID-19 policy responses and patterns of opioid overdose. We examine opioid overdoses prior to and following the Pennsylvania stay-at-home order implemented on April 1, 2020. Using data from the Pennsylvania Overdose Information Network, we measure change in monthly incidents of opioid-related overdose pre- versus post-April 1, and the significance of change by gender, age, race, drug class, and naloxone doses administered. Findings demonstrate statistically significant increases in overdose incidents among both men and women, White and Black groups, and several age groups, most notably the 30–39 and 40–49 ranges, following April 1. Significant increases were observed for overdoses involving heroin, fentanyl, fentanyl analogs or other synthetic opioids, pharmaceutical opioids, and carfentanil. The study emphasizes the need for opioid use to be addressed alongside efforts to mitigate and manage COVID-19 infection.
Resettlement Education Case Managers’ Roles Supporting Refugee Families With Children With Disabilities
Authors: Adams Nicole B. , Santos Rosa Milagros
Published: May 2021

Refugees have been resettling in the United States for decades, but there has been little attention in the special education literature to this population. The existing literature notes numerous systemic barriers refugee families and professionals who work with them encounter but has not investigated the roles of professionals in refugee resettlement agencies in supporting families who have children with disabilities. In this study, we used semi-structured interviews to explore in resettlement education case managers (ECMs) the roles and experiences of assisting refugee families to access special education. Our findings revealed that ECMs provided intensive support to newly resettled families by educating them on the special education process, connecting them with supports, and sharing information about disability characteristics. Implications for research and practice are also provided.
The CDC HIV Outbreak Coordination Unit: Developing a Standardized, Collaborative Approach to HIV Outbreak Assessment and Response
Authors: Oster Alexandra M. , France Anne Marie , McClung Robert P. , Buchacz Kate , Lyss Sheryl B. , Peters Philip J. , Weidle Paul J. , Switzer William M. , Phillip Stanley A. , Brooks John T. , Hernandez Angela L.
Published: May 2021

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state, territorial, and local health departments have expanded efforts to detect and respond to HIV clusters and outbreaks in the United States. In July 2017, CDC created the HIV Outbreak Coordination Unit (OCU) to ensure consistent and collaborative assessment of requests from health departments for consultation or support on possible HIV clusters and outbreaks of elevated concern. The HIV OCU is a multidisciplinary, cross-organization functional unit within CDC’s Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention. HIV OCU members have expertise in areas such as outbreak detection and investigation, prevention, laboratory services, surveillance and epidemiology, policy, communication, and operations. HIV OCU discussions facilitate problem solving, coordination, and situational awareness. Between HIV OCU meetings, designated CDC staff members communicate regularly with health departments to provide support and assessment. During July 2017–December 2019, the HIV OCU reviewed 31 possible HIV clusters and outbreaks (ie, events) in 22 states that were detected by CDC, health departments, or local partners; 17 events involved HIV transmission associated with injection drug use, and other events typically involved sexual transmission or overall increases in HIV diagnoses. CDC supported health departments remotely or on site with planning and prioritization; data collection, management, and analysis; communications; laboratory support; multistate coordination; and expansion of HIV prevention services. The HIV OCU has augmented CDC’s support of HIV cluster and outbreak assessment and response at health departments and had important internal organizational benefits. Health departments may benefit from developing or strengthening similar units to coordinate detection and response efforts within and across public health agencies and advance the national Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative.
Decision making framework for the proactive policy conflict management: The case of new airport projects in South Korea
Authors: Song Ki Han , Sohn Jeong-Woong , Kim Sang-Kyu
Published: May 2021

We propose a decision-making framework on infrastructure policy conflict management based on a scientific approach. We developed a decision-making framework that consists of the systematic conflict structure diagnosis, decision-making accordingly, and feedback to be used consistently in the policy life cycle and applied it to new airport projects in South Korea. We suggested a model structure of conflict factors leading to the generation of conflict situations and damages in the process and developed the conflict level diagnosis table and the conflict level matrix formed of the possibility of conflict generation and the severity based on the table. We then implemented a decision-making framework that includes decision-making based on it. The case analysis results confirmed the need for a structural diagnosis of conflict and decision-making based on the framework. The developed framework is expected to have scalability for science progress on infrastructure policy conflict management.
The state of concept: A new analytical tool for political research
Authors: Kibrik Roee
Published: May 2021

This paper proposes a typology of four possible states of concepts: unquestioned, contested, essentially contested, and destabilized. The typology serves as a frame of reference and as an analytical tool for IR researchers who wish to study concepts and conceptualizing processes as a way of understanding politics. It argues that, within a context, every concept is in one out of four possible states. The typology rests on the relationship between experiences, perceptions, and concepts, aiming to rectify the lacuna of minimal attention to the experiences of many IR works which mainly focus on the inter-subjective sphere and actor-structure tensions. Thus, using the example of sovereignty in Jerusalem during the Israeli-Palestinians negotiations (1993–2001), a new state of concept, the destabilized state, is introduced.