bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Localized states evolution and nitrides separation before crystallization in nitrogen incorporated GeTe: Evidence from ellipsometric spectra
Authors: Guo S. , Li M. J. , Li Q. Q. , Hu Z. G. , Li T. , Wu L. C. , Song Z. T. , Chu J. H.
Published: April 2017

The evolutions of localized states, dielectric functions, and electronic band structure for nitrogen (N) incorporated GeTe (NGT) as functions of temperature (210–660 K) and N concentration (0%–18%) have been investigated with the aid of temperature dependent spectroscopic ellipsometry experiments. The increased Urbach absorption energy, caused by band-tail localized states, can be attributed to the increment of structure defects with N concentration, which is generated from the N atoms bonding with Ge. Besides, the details of the dynamic crystallization process and the role of nitrogen in NGT films have been elucidated by the abnormal behavior of interband transition energy and the evolutions of surface morphology, namely, the nitrides separation before crystallization and the inhibition on GT crystallization. The dynamic crystallization process and the nitrogen behavior in NGT are of great significance for further study on the reliability and endurance of the NGT-based data storage devices.
Dendrite growth kinetics of βZr phase within highly undercooled liquid Zr−Si hypoeutectic alloys under electrostatic levitation condition
Authors: Hu L. , Yang S. J. , Wang L. , Zhai W. , Wei B.
Published: April 2017

The liquid Zr100-xSix (x = 1, 3, and 5) alloys were substantially undercooled by up to 392 K (0.19TL), 423 K (0.21TL), and 451 K (0.23TL), respectively, under the electrostatic levitation condition. The measured dendrite growth velocity of the primary βZr phase increased with the enhancement of liquid undercooling. Although the undercooling ability showed an increasing tendency with the increase in the Si content, dendrite growth was obviously depressed due to the dominance of solute diffusion controlled growth. Their critical undercoolings for kinetics transition from solute diffusion to thermal diffusion controlled growth were determined. It demonstrates a remarkable refinement of dendrites and an increasing trend of Si solubility in αZr dendrites with increasing undercooling.
Equilibrium reconstruction with 3D eddy currents in the Lithium Tokamak eXperiment
Authors: Hansen C. , Boyle D. P. , Schmitt J. C. , Majeski R.
Published: April 2017

Axisymmetric free-boundary equilibrium reconstructions of tokamak plasmas in the Lithium Tokamak eXperiment (LTX) are performed using the PSI-Tri equilibrium code. Reconstructions in LTX are complicated by the presence of long-lived non-axisymmetric eddy currents generated by a vacuum vessel and first wall structures. To account for this effect, reconstructions are performed with additional toroidal current sources in these conducting regions. The eddy current sources are fixed in their poloidal distributions, but their magnitude is adjusted as part of the full reconstruction. Eddy distributions are computed by toroidally averaging currents, generated by coupling to vacuum field coils, from a simplified 3D filament model of important conducting structures. The full 3D eddy current fields are also used to enable the inclusion of local magnetic field measurements, which have strong 3D eddy current pick-up, as reconstruction constraints. Using this method, equilibrium reconstruction yields good agreement with all available diagnostic signals. An accompanying field perturbation produced by 3D eddy currents on the plasma surface with a primarily n = 2, m = 1 character is also predicted for these equilibria.
On the validity of the guiding-center approximation in the presence of strong magnetic gradients
Authors: Brizard Alain J.
Published: April 2017

The motion of a charged particle in a nonuniform straight magnetic field with a constant magnetic-field gradient is solved exactly in terms of elliptic functions. The connection between this problem and the guiding-center approximation is discussed. It is shown that, for this problem, the predictions of higher-order guiding-center theory agree very well with the orbit-averaged particle motion and hold well beyond the standard guiding-center limit ϵ≡ρ/L≪1, where ρ is the gyromotion length scale and L is the magnetic-field gradient length scale.
High-power tunable laser driven THz generation in corrugated plasma waveguides
Authors: Miao Chenlong , Palastro John P. , Antonsen Thomas M.
Published: April 2017

The excitation of Terahertz (THz) radiation by the interaction of an ultrashort laser pulse with the modes of a miniature corrugated plasma waveguide is considered. The axially corrugated waveguide supports the electromagnetic modes with appropriate polarization and subluminal phase velocities that can be phase matched to the ponderomotive potential associated with the laser pulse, making significant THz generation possible. This process is studied via full format Particle-in-Cell simulations that, for the first time, model the nonlinear dynamics of the plasma and the self-consistent evolution of the laser pulse in the case where the laser pulse energy is entirely depleted. It is found that the generated THz is characterized by lateral emission from the channel, with a spectrum that may be narrow or broad depending on the laser intensity. A range of realistic laser pulse and plasma parameters is considered with the goal of maximizing the conversion efficiency of optical energy to THz radiation. As an example, a fixed drive pulse (0.55 J) with a spot size of 15 μm and a duration of 15 fs produces a THz radiation of 37.8 mJ of in a 1.5 cm corrugated plasma waveguide with an on axis average density of 1.4 × 1018 cm−3.
An amplitude modulated radio frequency plasma generator
Authors: Lei Fan , Li Xiaoping , Liu Yanming , Liu Donglin , Yang Min , Xie Kai , Yao Bo
Published: April 2017

A glow discharge plasma generator and diagnostic system has been developed to study the effects of rapidly variable plasmas on electromagnetic wave propagation, mimicking the plasma sheath conditions encountered in space vehicle reentry. The plasma chamber is 400 mm in diameter and 240 mm in length, with a 300-mm-diameter unobstructed clear aperture. Electron densities produced are in the mid 1010 electrons/cm3. An 800 W radio frequency (RF) generator is capacitively coupled through an RF matcher to an internally cooled stainless steel electrode to form the plasma. The RF power is amplitude modulated by a waveform generator that operates at different frequencies. The resulting plasma contains electron density modulations caused by the varying power levels. A 10 GHz microwave horn antenna pair situated on opposite sides of the chamber serves as the source and detector of probe radiation. The microwave power feed to the source horn is split and one portion is sent directly to a high-speed recording oscilloscope. On mixing this with the signal from the pickup horn antenna, the plasma-induced phase shift between the two signals gives the path-integrated electron density with its complete time dependent variation. Care is taken to avoid microwave reflections and extensive shielding is in place to minimize electronic pickup. Data clearly show the low frequency modulation of the electron density as well as higher harmonics and plasma fluctuations.
Cylindrical shockwave-induced compression mechanism in femtosecond laser Bessel pulse micro-drilling of PMMA
Authors: Wang Guoyan , Yu Yanwu , Jiang Lan , Li Xiaowei , Xie Qian , Lu Yongfeng
Published: April 2017

Femtosecond (fs) laser Bessel pulses can be employed for high-quality and high-speed fabrication of high-aspect-ratio uniform microhole arrays. This technique exhibits prominent potential in three-dimensional packaging, fluidic devices, fiber sensing, biomedical devices, and aeronautics. However, the fundamental mechanisms remain mysterious. Using the femtosecond time-resolved pump-probe shadowgraph technique, this study revealed that the generation of cylindrical shockwaves inside the bulk material and the corresponding compression mechanism play key roles in the formation of high-aspect-ratio microholes. The phenomena were observed in all experiments of Bessel beam drilling of polymethyl methacrylate. In the aforementioned cases, the compression mechanism was confirmed by measuring sample mass losses that were experimentally determined to be negligible. By contrast, neither cylindrical shockwave nor compression mechanism was observed when a fused silica or Gaussian laser beam was involved.
Super-resolution radar imaging based on experimental OAM beams
Authors: Liu Kang , Cheng Yongqiang , Gao Yue , Li Xiang , Qin Yuliang , Wang Hongqiang
Published: April 2017

A super-resolution imaging technique based on the vortex electromagnetic (EM) wave, which carries orbital angular momentum (OAM), is reported in this paper. The proof-of-concept experiment for the EM vortex imaging is conducted. An imaging processing method based on the real-world OAM radar data is proposed to obtain the target profile. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed imaging method and demonstrate that the vortex EM wave can be exploited to image targets with high-resolution beyond the limit of the array aperture. This breakthrough on the Rayleigh limit paves the way for innovative techniques in radar imaging and remote sensing.
Economic inequality increases risk taking
Authors: Payne B. Keith , Brown-Iannuzzi Jazmin L. , Hannay Jason W.
Published: April 2017

Significance

Income inequality is rising around the world. Increased income inequality has been linked with higher rates of crime, greater debt, and poorer health, but the mechanisms linking inequality to poor outcomes among individuals are poorly understood. This research tested a behavioral account linking inequality to individual decision making. The account suggests that more unequal outcomes lead people to perceive that they need more resources to be satisfied. Higher perceived needs, in turn, motivate greater risk taking to meet those needs. Results of three experiments and an analysis of large-scale internet search data supported the proposed account. Results suggest that inequality may promote a range of poor outcomes, in part, by increasing risky behavior.
Autonomous sweat extraction and analysis applied to cystic fibrosis and glucose monitoring using a fully integrated wearable platform
Authors: Emaminejad Sam , Gao Wei , Wu Eric , Davies Zoe A. , Yin Yin Nyein Hnin , Challa Samyuktha , Ryan Sean P. , Fahad Hossain M. , Chen Kevin , Shahpar Ziba , Talebi Salmonn , Milla Carlos , Javey Ali , Davis Ronald W.
Published: April 2017

Significance

The inherent inaccessibility of sweat in sedentary individuals in large volume (≥10 µL) for on-demand and in situ analysis has limited our ability to capitalize on this noninvasive and rich source of information. Through devising an electrochemically enhanced, programmable, and miniaturized iontophoresis interface, integrated in a wearable sensing platform, we demonstrated a method for periodic sweat extraction and in situ analysis. The system can be programmed to induce sweat with various secretion profiles, which in combination with the in situ analysis capability allow us to gain real-time insight into the sweat-secretion and gland physiology. To demonstrate the clinical value of our platform, human subject studies were performed in the context of the cystic fibrosis diagnosis and preliminary investigation of the blood/sweat glucose correlation.
Hippo pathway mediates resistance to cytotoxic drugs
Authors: Gujral Taranjit S. , Kirschner Marc W.
Published: April 2017

Significance

Cytotoxic therapy is still the backbone of effective chemotherapy, although most current pharmaceutical interest is in targeted therapy. Our findings concern a general adaptive response of cells that causes resistance to gemcitabine and 15 other FDA-approved cytotoxic drugs when cells are grown at high density. Although on the surface cell confluence seems like it could be an irrelevant property of cells in culture, our work shows that it is very relevant to tumors in mice and retrospectively to the success of chemotherapy in humans. On a fundamental cell biological level, these studies identify a previously unappreciated function of the enigmatic Hippo pathway, which controls this response. “Switching-off” this pathway could present an opportunity to overcome drug resistance in pancreatic cancer.
A Note on Selected Names of Colorado Medical Marijuana Dispensaries
Authors: Nuessel Frank
Published: April 2017

This article offers information about the names of marijuana dispensaries in Colorado. First, it provides a brief overview of popular cultural references to the drug in film and music. Second, it considers its medical uses. Third, it examines legal issues related to its sale and use. Fourth, it reviews briefly the slang terminology for marijuana. Fifth, it discusses the notion of “dispensary.” Sixth, it utilizes an existing database of 424 names for medical marijuana dispensaries in Colorado. Finally, it considers selected linguistic aspects of the names for marijuana dispensaries in Colorado.
Influence of carbide density on surface roughness and quasi-stable wear behaviour of H13 die steel
Authors: Shinde Tarang , Dhokey N. B.
Published: April 2017

Influence of cryogenic treatment on AISI H13 hot work die steels has been studied to correlate carbide density with surface roughness and dry sliding wear. This work includes hardening of AISI H13 specimens at 1020°C, oil quenching followed by double tempering at 500°C and then cryogenic treatment at −185°C for different cryosoaking periods from 8 to 32 h, followed by soft tempering at 100°C. The dry sliding wear behaviour on pin-on-disc has been studied for a load of 40 N at a speed of 3 m s−1 for the sliding distance of 6000 m. A model has been proposed to elaborate upon the effect of tertiary carbide precipitation on the improvement of surface roughness, followed by establishing quasi-stable wear mechanism and the interpretation obtained from the Avrami equation of kinetics. A logical correlation has been established between carbide density and surface roughness.
ER/LA Opioid REMS and Accredited Education: Survey Results Provide Insight into Clinical Roles, Educational Needs, and Learner Preferences
Authors: Kear Cynthia , McKeithen Tom , Robertson Sheila
Published: April 2017

Background: The Collaborative for REMS (Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy) Education (CO*RE) includes 13 organizations that provide REMS Program Companies (RPC) grant-supported accredited education on extended-release and long-acting (ER/LA) opioid therapy. This report summarizes results of a survey designed to investigate the impact of participant criteria and to better understand the roles and preferences of continuing medical education/continuing education (CME/CE) participants. Methods: In April 2015, the authors made an online survey available to an estimated 10,000 clinicians who had completed a CO*RE CME/CE activity since 2013. The purpose of the survey was to (1) examine possible reasons learners may underreport prescribing status, (2) investigate ways in which learners engage in nonprescribing roles relevant to reducing adverse patient outcomes, and (3) determine the acceptability of a potential test-based learning tool that allows participants with mastery to test out in lieu of participating in 2- to 3-hour education. Results: Findings revealed that there was little confusion or reluctance by learners to answer questions about Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) licensing and whether they prescribed opioids in the past year. REMS “prescriber” education covers opioid management responsibilities that are distributed among team members who play critical nonprescribing roles in reducing serious adverse outcomes from both ER/LA and immediate-release (IR) opioids. Seventy-three percent of study participants would favor a test-based learning tool should future circumstances warrant it. Conclusion: The authors concluded the likelihood of underreporting is small, but there is an opportunity to clarify license and prescribing questions; opioid management responsibilities are distributed among nonprescribing team members who play roles in reducing adverse outcomes from both ER/LA and IR opioids, who would therefore benefit from REMS education; and clinicians favor a test-based learning tool, should future circumstances warrant it. These findings could have implications for planning future ER/LA opioid REMS curriculum and for setting and interpreting training goals for the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) ER/LA opioid REMS program.
Structural basis for the regulation of phytohormone receptors
Authors: Miyakawa Takuya , Tanokura Masaru
Published: April 2017

Phytohormones are central players in diverse plant physiological events, such as plant growth, development, and environmental stress and defense responses. The elucidation of their regulatory mechanisms through phytohormone receptors could facilitate the generation of transgenic crops with cultivation advantages and the rational design of growth control chemicals. During the last decade, accumulated structural data on phytohormone receptors have provided critical insights into the molecular mechanisms of phytohormone perception and signal transduction. Here, we review the structural bases of phytohormone recognition and receptor activation. As a common feature, phytohormones regulate the interaction between the receptors and their respective target proteins (also called co-receptors) by two types of regulatory mechanisms, acting as either “molecular glue” or an “allosteric regulator.” However, individual phytohormone receptors adopt specific structural features that are essential for activation. In addition, recent studies have focused on the molecular diversity of redundant phytohormone receptors.
Degradation of staphylococcal enterotoxin A by aPseudomonas aeruginosaisolate from raw milk
Authors: Fujikawa Hiroshi , Nagaoka Kentaro , Arai Katsuhiko
Published: April 2017

Recently, we found that staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA)-producing Staphylococcus aureus strains produced SEA in raw milk with microbial contaminants at high temperatures like 40 °C only. Moreover, the concentration of SEA produced in raw milk gradually decreased after the peak. The reason(s) for SEA degradation in raw milk was studied in this study. Degradation of SEA spiked in raw milk was observed at 40 °C, but not at 25 °C. A Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from raw milk degraded SEA spiked in broth at 40 °C. A sample partially purified with a chromatographic method from culture supernatant of the isolate degraded SEA. Two main proteolytic bands were observed in the sample by zymographic analysis with casein. These results suggested that the SEA in raw milk might be degraded by a protease(s) produced by the P. aeruginosa isolate. This finding might be the first report on SEA degradation by a proteolytic enzyme(s) derived from Pseudomonas bacteria to our knowledge.
Linking the X3D Pathway to Integral Field Spectrographs: YSNR 1E 0102.2-7219 in the SMC as a Case Study
Authors: Vogt Frédéric P. A. , Seitenzahl Ivo R. , Dopita Michael A. , Ruiter Ashley J.
Published: April 2017

The concept of the x3d pathway was introduced by Vogt et al. as a new approach to sharing and publishing three-dimensional structures interactively in online scientific journals. The core characteristics of the x3d pathway are that: (1) it does not rely on specific software, but rather a file format (x3d), (2) it can be implemented using fully open-source tools, and (3) article readers can access the interactive models using most main stream web browsers without the need for any additional plugins. In this article, we further demonstrate the potential of the x3d pathway to visualize data sets from optical integral field spectrographs. We use recent observations of the oxygen-rich young supernova remnant 1E 0102.2-7219 in the Small Magellanic Cloud to implement additional x3dom tools & techniques and expand the range of interactions that can be offered to article readers. In particular, we present a set of javascript functions allowing the creation and interactive handling of clip planes, effectively allowing users to take measurements of distances and angles directly from the interactive model itself.
The Bramson logarithmic delay in the cane toads equations
Authors: Bouin Emeric , Henderson Christopher , Ryzhik Lenya
Published: April 2017

We study a non-local reaction-diffusion-mutation equation modelling the spreading of a cane toads population structured by a phenotypical trait responsible for the spatial diffusion rate. When the trait space is bounded, the cane toads equation admits travelling wave solutions as shown in an earlier work of the first author and V. Calvez. Here, we prove a Bramson type spreading result: the lag between the position of solutions with localized initial data and that of the travelling waves grows as

(
3

/

(
2

λ
∗

)
)
log
⁡
t

(3/(2\lambda ^*))\log t

. This result relies on a present-time Harnack inequality which allows one to compare solutions of the cane toads equation to those of a Fisher-KPP type equation that is local in the trait variable.
The Rise of Domestic Outsourcing and the Evolution of the German Wage Structure*
Authors: Goldschmidt Deborah , Schmieder Johannes F.
Published: April 2017

The nature of the relationship between employers and employees has been changing over the past three decades, with firms increasingly relying on contractors, temp agencies, and franchises rather than hiring employees directly. We investigate the impact of this transformation on the wage structure by following jobs that are moved outside the boundary of lead employers to contracting firms. We develop a new method for identifying outsourcing of food, cleaning, security, and logistics services in administrative data using the universe of social security records in Germany. We document a dramatic growth of domestic outsourcing in Germany since the early 1990s. Event-study analyses show that wages in outsourced jobs fall by approximately 10–15% relative to similar jobs that are not outsourced. We find evidence that the wage losses associated with outsourcing stem from a loss of firm-specific rents, suggesting that labor cost savings are an important reason firms choose to contract out these services. Finally, we tie the increase in outsourcing activity to broader changes in the German wage structure, in particular showing that outsourcing of cleaning, security, and logistics services alone accounts for around 9% of the increase in German wage inequality since the 1980s.
Outcome of Cochlear Implantation in Prelingually Deafened Children According to Molecular Genetic Etiology
Authors: Park Joo Hyun , Kim Ah Reum , Han Jin Hee , Kim Seong Dong , Kim Shin Hye , Koo Ja-Won , Oh Seung Ha , Choi Byung Yoon
Published: April 2017

Objectives:

About 60% of Korean pediatric cochlear implantees could be genetically diagnosed (GD) and we previously reported that a substantial portion of undiagnosed cases by deafness gene panel sequencing were predicted to have a nongenetic or complex etiology. We aimed to compare the outcomes of cochlear implantation (CI) in GD and genetically undiagnosed (GUD) patients and attempted to determine CI outcomes according to etiology.

Design:

Ninety-three pediatric cochlear implantees underwent molecular genetic testing. Fifty-seven patients carried pathogenic variants and 36 patients remained GUD after panel sequencing of 204 known or potential deafness genes (TRS-204). Among them, 55 cochlear implantees with reliable speech evaluation results with a follow-up of longer than 24 months were recruited. Longitudinal changes in the audiologic performance were compared between the GD (n = 31) and GUD (n = 24) groups. The GD group was subdivided into cochlear implantee with SLC26A4 mutations (group 1) and cochlear implantee with other genetic etiology (group 2), and the GUD group was subdivided into groups 3 and 4, that is, patients with or without inner ear anomaly, respectively.

Results:

Group 1 related to SLC26A4 mutations had the highest categories of auditory perception scores among all groups pre- and postoperatively. Group 4 with inner ear anomaly had the lowest categories of auditory perception scores. At 24 months post-CI, the group 2 with another genetic etiology had significantly better outcomes than molecularly undiagnosed group 3, which had with the same condition as group 2 except that the candidate gene was not detected. This finding was recapitulated when we limited cases to those that underwent CI before 24 months of age to minimize age-related bias at implantation. Furthermore, on extending the follow-up to 36 months postoperatively, this tendency became more prominent. Additionally, our preliminary clinical data suggest a narrower sensitive window period for good CI outcomes for implantees with OTOF mutation rather than the GJB2 and other genes.

Conclusions:

Current molecular genetic testing including deafness panel sequencing helps to predict the 2-year follow-up outcomes after CI in prelingually deafened children. GD cochlear implantees show better functional outcomes after CI than undiagnosed cochlear implantees as determined by deafness panel sequencing, suggesting a genotype-functional outcome correlation. The genetic testing may provide a customized optimal window period in terms of CI timing for favorable outcome according to genetic etiology.
Erythema Induratum
Authors: Tran Bao Anh Patrick , Alexander Tiffany , Chen Wen , Maiberger Mary
Published: April 2017

Erythema induratum is a rare granulomatous lobular panniculitis that most commonly affects women in their 40s. The term “erythema induratum of Bazin” refers to the tuberculosis-associated lesions, and “erythema induratum of Whitfield” refers to lesions that are nontuberculous. It presents as tender erythematous subcutaneous nodules on the lower extremities. Other conditions such as erythema nodosum should be ruled out. Histologically, erythema induratum is described as a lobular panniculitis and may include vasculitis. There have been few reported cases in the United States. In this case report, we will discuss the clinical features, histopathology, differential diagnosis, and management of erythema induratum.
Extending Short Peripheral Catheter Dwell Time
Authors: Ansel Brenda , Boyce Michelle , Embree Jennifer L.
Published: April 2017

Complications involving short peripheral catheters (SPCs) can significantly affect health care costs, patient quality of life, morbidity, mortality, and treatment expense, especially when the hospital stay is lengthened. This article examines the relationship between SPC dwell time and the incidence of phlebitis and potential bacteremia. The literature is replete with most studies supporting SPCs remaining in situ until a clinical reason warrants catheter removal. Removing and not routinely restarting unneccessary intravenous catheters can help prevent catheter-related infections and other vascular complications and reduce cost.
Establishing a Dedicated Difficult Vascular Access Team in the Emergency Department
Authors: Whalen Madeleine , Maliszewski Barbara , Baptiste Diana-Lyn
Published: April 2017

Peripheral vascular access is one of the most common procedures performed in emergency departments across the United States. Successful venipuncture is critical in providing timely diagnosis and treatments for patients. The aim of this article is to describe a needs assessment performed in a level-one academic emergency department to establish the need for a dedicated team for patients with difficult vascular access. Results from this assessment suggest that difficult vascular access represents tangible threats to patient safety and increased use of resources.
The Benefit of Pro Re Nata Antiemetics Provided With Guideline-Consistent Antiemetics in Delayed Nausea Control
Authors: Rha Sun Young , Sohn Joohyuk , Kim Gun Min , Kim Hye Ryun , Lee Jiyeon
Published: April 2017

Background:

Delayed nausea after chemotherapy remains a symptom of interest. Clinicians often provide additional and/or pro re nata (p.r.n.) antiemetics with guideline-consistent antiemetics in an attempt to achieve further symptom control. Whether the usage of additional and/or p.r.n. antiemetics provide added benefit remains as a question.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to determine the benefit of providing additional antiemetics and/or p.r.n. antiemetics with guideline-consistent antiemetics in the control of nausea, functioning, and quality of life (QOL).

Methods:

A secondary data analysis of 143 breast cancer patients who received guideline-consistent antiemetics for anthracycline and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy was conducted. Instruments included vomiting frequency and nausea intensity items of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer Antiemesis Tool and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire–C30.

Results:

Providing p.r.n. antiemetics alleviated the incidence of significant nausea (intensity, ≥3) in the delayed phase. The experience of nausea contributed to symptom incidence in the next phase and cycle. The intensity of delayed nausea demonstrated a moderate negative correlation with physical and role functioning and global health/QOL.

Conclusion:

Providing patients with strategies to further control nausea (p.r.n. antiemetics) in addition to guideline-consistent antiemetics is recommended for practice. Because the nausea experience contributes to symptom incidence in the next phase and cycle and because the nausea intensity demonstrated a significant relationship with function and global health/QOL, proactive supportive approaches are strongly recommended.

Implications for Practice:

Delayed nausea control may be improved by adhering to guideline-consistent antiemetics and using p.r.n. antiemetics. Delayed nausea control would contribute to patients' functioning and QOL.
Be the Change
Authors: Eaton Melody , deValpine Maria , Sanford Julie , Lee Jamie , Trull Laura , Smith Kandy
Published: April 2017

In a complex health care environment, nursing and health care professional graduates should be able to understand and collaboratively advocate for health policy benefitting patients, families, and communities. This study explored the effectiveness of interprofessional team-based learning to improve political astuteness in undergraduate health profession students. This engaging method may prove to enhance health care professionals’ likelihood of understanding, involvement, and influencing health policy in the future.
An Immunoscore Using PD-L1, CD68, and Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) to Predict Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: McLemore Lauren E. , Janakiram Murali , Albanese Joseph , Shapiro Nella , Lo Yungtai , Zang Xingxing , Fineberg Susan
Published: April 2017

Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in invasive breast cancer (IBC) is partly regulated by the immune microenvironment. We evaluated immune checkpoint PD-L1 expression, presence of CD68+ cells of macrophage/monocytic lineage and stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in prechemotherapy biopsies and correlated with NAC response. We studied 76 cases of IBC. Prechemotherapy biopsies with >30% TILs were considered lymphocyte-rich IBC. We performed immunohistochemistry for PD-L1 and CD68. Prechemotherapy cores showing >1% PD-L1+ immune or tumor cells were considered positive. CD68 was positive if >40% of tumor stroma contained CD68+ cells or atleast 50% of tumor cells showed infiltration by CD68+ cells. Residual Cancer burden (RCB) Score of 0/I represented excellent response to NAC and RCB II or III unfavorable response. Thirty-five patients had RCB 0/I and 41 pts RCB II/ III. TILs>30% were present in prechemotherapy biopsies in 19 pts of whom 14 showed RCB 0/I (P=0.0075). Twenty-seven cases were PD-L1+ and 20 had an RCB 0/I (P=0.0003). Twenty-two cases were CD68+ of whom 18 showed RCB 0/I (P=<0.0001) There was a significant association between TILs>30%, PD-L1+ and CD68+ expression. Using atleast one of these immunologic parameters identified 26 of 35 patients with RCB 0/I and showed a higher sensitivity for response prediction than TILs alone (40% vs. 74.3%). In conclusion we demonstrate that high numbers of CD68+ monocytic/macrophage cells and PD-L1 expression in IBC shows significant association with NAC response. An immune biomarker profile including TILs, PD-LI and CD68 is more sensitive for NAC response prediction than TILs alone.
An Evaluation of a New Debriefing Framework: REFLECT
Authors: Zinns Lauren E. , Mullan Paul C. , O'Connell Karen J. , Ryan Leticia M. , Wratney Angela T.
Published: April 2017

Background

Postresuscitation debriefing (PRD) is recommended by the American Heart Association guidelines but is infrequently performed. Prior studies have identified barriers for pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellows including lack of a standardized curriculum.

Objective

Our objective was to create and assess the feasibility of a time-limited, structured PRD framework entitled REFLECT: Review the event, Encourage team participation, Focused feedback, Listen to each other, Emphasize key points, Communicate clearly, and Transform the future.

Methods

Each PEM fellow (n = 9) at a single center was a team leader of a pre-intervention and post-intervention videotaped, simulated resuscitation followed by a facilitated team PRD. Our intervention was a 2-hour interactive, educational workshop on debriefing and the use of the REFLECT debriefing aid. Videos of the pre-intervention and post-intervention debriefings were blindly analyzed by video reviewers to assess for the presence of debriefing characteristics contained in the REFLECT debriefing aid. PEM fellow and team member assessments of the debriefings were completed after each pre-intervention and post-intervention simulation, and written evaluations by PEM fellows and team members were analyzed.

Results

All 9 PEM fellows completed the study. There was an improvement in the pre-intervention and post-intervention assessment of the REFLECT debriefing characteristics as determined by fellow perception (63% to 83%, P < 0.01) and team member perception (63% to 82%, P < 0.001). All debriefings lasted less than 5 minutes. There was no statistical difference between pre-intervention and post-intervention debriefing time (P = 1.00).

Conclusions

REFLECT is a feasible debriefing aid designed to incorporate evidence-based characteristics into a PRD.
Diagnosis of a Posterior Fracture Dislocation of the Medial Clavicle in an Adolescent With Point-of-Care Ultrasound
Authors: Halm Brunhild M. , Chaudoin Lindsey T.
Published: April 2017

We report a case of an adolescent patient with medial clavicular tenderness after a fall on the lateral left shoulder. Initial radiographs did not reveal a fracture or dislocation. Point-of-care ultrasound was used to diagnose a posterior clavicular fracture dislocation.
Quantification of inter-sample differences in T cell receptor sequences
Authors: Yokota Ryo , Kaminaga Yuki , Kobayashi Tetsuya J.
Published: April 2017

Inter-sample comparisons of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire are crucial for gaining a better understanding into the immunological states determined by different collections of T cells from different donor sites, cell types, and genetic and pathological backgrounds. As a theoretical approach for the quantitative comparison, previous studies utilized the Poisson abundance models and the conventional methods in ecology, which focus on the abundance distribution of observed TCR sequences. However, these methods ignore the details of the measured sequences and are consequently unable to identify sub-repertoires that might have the contributions to the observed inter-sample differences. In this paper, we propose a new comparative approach based on TCR sequence information, which can estimate the low-dimensional structure by projecting the pairwise sequence dissimilarities in high-dimensional sequence space. The inter-sample differences are then quantified according to information-theoretic measures among the distributions of data estimated in the embedded space. Using an actual dataset of TCR sequences in transgenic mice that have strong restrictions on somatic recombination, we demonstrate that our proposed method can accurately identify the inter-sample hierarchical structure, which is consistent with that estimated by previous methods based on abundance or count information. Moreover, we identified the key sequences that contribute to the pairwise sample differences. Such identification of the sequences contributing to variation in immune cell repertoires may provide substantial insight for the development of new immunotherapies and vaccines.
Fluid dynamics analysis of a gas attenuator for X-ray FELs under high-repetition-rate operation
Authors: Yang Bo , Wu Juhao , Raubenheimer Tor O. , Feng Yiping
Published: April 2017

Newtonian fluid dynamics simulations were performed using the Navier–Stokes–Fourier formulations to elucidate the short time-scale (µs and longer) evolution of the density and temperature distributions in an argon-gas-filled attenuator for an X-ray free-electron laser under high-repetition-rate operation. Both hydrodynamic motions of the gas molecules and thermal conductions were included in a finite-volume calculation. It was found that the hydrodynamic wave motions play the primary role in creating a density depression (also known as a filament) by advectively transporting gas particles away from the X-ray laser–gas interaction region, where large pressure and temperature gradients have been built upon the initial energy depositionviaX-ray photoelectric absorption and subsequent thermalization. Concurrent outward heat conduction tends to reduce the pressure in the filament core region, generating a counter gas flow to backfill the filament, but on an initially slower time scale. If the inter-pulse separation is sufficiently short so the filament cannot recover, the depth of the filament progressively increases as the trailing pulses remove additional gas particles. Since the rate of hydrodynamic removal decreases while the rate of heat conduction back flow increases as time elapses, the two competing mechanisms ultimately reach a dynamic balance, establishing a repeating pattern for each pulse cycle. By performing simulations at higher repetition rates but lower per pulse energies while maintaining a constant time-averaged power, the amplitude of the hydrodynamic motion per pulse becomes smaller, and the evolution of the temperature and density distributions approach asymptotically towards, as expected, those calculated for a continuous-wave input of the equivalent power.
Full- and part-time wage differences in Spain: an analysis along the wage distribution
Authors: Simon Hipolito , Sanroma Esteban , Ramos Raul
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine wage differences between part- and full-time workers distinguishing by gender by using a large Spanish matched employer-employee data set and an econometric decomposition that permits to decompose wage differences by quantiles of the wage distribution.

Design/methodology/approach

The research is based on cross-section matched employer-employee microdata from a large representative survey (theEncuesta de Estructura Salarial) which is carried out with a harmonised methodology common to all European Union member countries and that has been designed specifically to provide reliable evidence about characteristics of the wage distribution such us wage differentials associated with the type of working time. From a methodological point of view, the econometric decomposition technique proposed recently by Fortinet al.(2011) to decompose wage differences between part-time and full-time workers by quantiles of the wage distribution is applied. This methodology has the advantage over similar techniques that provides a detailed decomposition of wage differentials and has not been used before to examine the wage impact of part-time jobs.

Findings

The results show that the significant raw wage gap that part-time workers experience in Spain differs substantially along the wage distribution. In the case of part-time females, the wage disadvantage is mostly explained by their relative endowments of characteristics (and particularly by their lower endowments of human capital and their segregation into low-wage sectors) but a significant wage penalty still persists, increasing along the wage distribution. In the case of males the wage disadvantage is only found in the lower part of the distribution and it is due both to their worst endowments of characteristics and a significant wage penalty.

Research limitations/implications

The evidence for Spain shows that the part-time work tends to affect differently to the wages of males and females, with a higher part-time penalty for males, as predicted by the “flexibility stigma” hypothesis, and penalising low-qualified men in the lower part of the wage distribution and high-qualified women in the upper part of the distribution the most.

Originality/value

The analysis contributes to the literature by examining wage differences along the wage distribution for both genders using econometric decomposition methods, an aspect that to the authors’ knowledge has been examined only scarcely in the international literature with non-conclusive evidence and has not been examined in previous studies for the Spanish case. In this vein, Spain is a particularly interesting analysis case from an international perspective of the wage consequences of part-time jobs, given that in contrast with most other advanced countries a majority of part-time employment in this country is involuntary and this phenomenon is especially affecting disadvantaged groups.
Exploring modularity in services: cases from tourism
Authors: Avlonitis Viktor , Hsuan Juliana
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine how modularity manifests in the design of services. The study brings new insights on the organization of service firms by empirically exploring and theoretically advancing the intersection of modularity and service design.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper compares two companies that offer similar services in the same geographical region but represent polar case types. A framework grounded on extant literature is constructed and applied to the two cases to assess its practicality and provide theoretical insights.

Findings

The paper demonstrates the effects of modularity and integrality on a range of different analytical levels in service architectures. Taking a holistic approach, the authors synthesize and empirically deploy a framework comprised of the three most prevalent themes in modularity and service design literature: Offering (service concept), intra-firm organization (service delivery system), and inter-firm relationships (service network). They posit that service architectures require the examination of different analytical levels due to the complex and dynamic nature of service business. Additionally, the analysis provides new insights on the mirroring hypothesis of modularity theory to services.

Originality/value

The paper provides a conceptualization of service architectures drawing on service design, modularity, and market relationships. The study enriches service design literature with elements from modularity theory and elaborates on the theoretical implications of service modularity in general.
Competitive condition and market power of Islamic banks in Indonesia
Authors: Cupian Cupian , Abduh Muhamad
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the competitive conditions and market power of Islamic banks in Indonesia for the period of 2006-2013.

Design/methodology/approach

Using samples of 27 Islamic banks, the study uses a variety of structural and non-structural measures related to the traditional approach and the new empirical approach of the industrial organization. The methodology is based on a set of measures of the competition and market power. The first measures, concentration ratios and Herfindahl–Hirschman index, are to determine the competitiveness level, while the second measures of Panzar–Rosse H-statistic and Lerner index are to examine the market power of Islamic banks in Indonesia.

Findings

The finding of this study has confirmed the situation of Islamic banking industry in Indonesia which is operated in a higher degree of market power which leads to a less competitive market. Islamic banks earn their revenues under monopolistic competition over the tested period. This study has also found a negative but insignificant relationship between concentration and competition which shows that in the past few years, the market power for leading firms in Indonesia Islamic banking industry has reduced.

Practical implications

The paper is a very useful source of information that may provide relevant guidelines in guiding the future development of competition of Islamic Banking industry. In addition, the paper provides relevant guidelines for improving competitiveness of Islamic banks.

Originality/value

This study combines two approaches for bank competition measurement and bank market powers measurement which can provide more robust findings. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the study on Islamic banking competitiveness level and market power is very limited, especially in the case of Indonesia. Therefore, this study could contribute significantly toward the literature of the related field.