bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early and late-onset nonconvulsive status epilepticus after stroke
Authors: Özaydın Göksu Eylem , Genç Fatma , Atiş Nesrin , Bıçer Gömceli Yasemin
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is a condition that needs timely diagnosis and treatment. It has insignificant clinical features and presents high risk of misdiagnosis. Objective: To investigate NCSE among patients with stroke, given that stroke plays an important role in the etiology of NCSE. Methods: In this retrospective study, acute stroke patients who were admitted and followed up at a stroke outpatient clinic between January 2013 and March 2016 were included. Patients with previous histories of epilepsy, brain tumor, head trauma, hypertensive encephalopathy, arteriovenous malformation, subarachnoid hemorrhage or cerebral venous thrombosis were excluded. Demographic properties, stroke etiology, imaging method, EEG findings, stroke severity according to the NIHSS score, functional disability and modified Rankin Scale were recorded for all patients. Results: Thirty-nine out of 792 stoke patients experienced NCSE. The mean age of the study population was 70±1.2 years (min-max: 46‒90). The study population was composed of 28 females (71.8%) and 11 males (28.2%). NCSE had early onset in 23 patients (59%) and late onset in 16 (41%). The early-onset NCSE patients were older and this was statistically significant between the groups (early onset: 73.5±11.5; late onset: 65.9±12.1; p=0.04). A history of previous stroke was more frequent in the late-onset NCSE group (14; 87,5%) than in the early-onset group (11; 47.8%) (p=0.01). The prognosis was worse in the early-onset group, but without statistical significance. Conclusion: Changes in mental status in the early stages of stroke are mostly attributed to stroke itself, but NCSE should be suspected in the right clinical setting, such as in older patients with suspicious anatomical and clinical associations.
Workers’ exposure to occupational heat during manual coffee harvesting
Authors: Ramirio Lucas Deleon , Sabino Paulo Henrique de Siqueira , Oliveira Júnior Geraldo Gomes de , Silva Adriano Bortolotti da
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the occupational exposure of workers to heat during manual harvesting of coffee. The case study was conducted between May to August. Occupational heat in coffee plantations was evaluated using the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) method and the metabolic rate. The WBGT was obtained using the TGD 400 thermal stress meter. The determined WBGT values were compared to two standards: the Occupational Hygiene Standard (NHO) 06 and Regulatory Norm (NR) 09. For acclimatized workers, the exposure limit was not exceeded at any time during the evaluated period. Fornon-acclimatized workers, the exposure limit was not exceeded only in July.
Location, distribution, and quantification of myenteric plexus neurons of the jejunum of quails fed with different levels of commercial Macleaya cordata extract
Authors: Amaral Patrícia Franco Gonçalves Previato do , Trindade Wesley Alves , Favetta Paula Montanhini , Gerônimo Edson , Silva Isabel Cristina da , Serenini Grazielli de Fatima , Palin Gustavo Costardi , Urano Tatiana Kaori , Oliveira Jean Marcos de Morais , Reati Lucas de Almeida , Dias Jaciele Caroline Pereira , Otutumi Luciana Kazue , Soares Andréia Assunção , Germano Ricardo de Melo
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT: Coturniculture has been promising, progressing from a subsistence to a technical activity due to its quick production, low breeding investment, and rapid economic return. After the restriction of antimicrobials as growth promoters, some studies aimed to evaluate alternative products that would make the farming of healthy birds viable without impacting their performance, with commercial Macleaya cordata extract being one of these substitutes. The functions of the gastrointestinal tract are coordinated mainly by the enteric nervous system, and the myenteric plexus is responsible for the reflex control of contractile activities of the external muscles. Thus, this study located and demonstrated the distribution of the myenteric plexus, quantifing the total population of myenteric neurons (Giemsa+) and the subpopulation of myenteric nitrergic neurons (NADPH-d+), and evaluated the effects of commercial Macleaya cordata extract on these populations of quail jejunum neurons. A total of 240 one-day-old female laying quails were distributed into four treatments, with four repetitions of 15 birds each. The test groups (T1, T2, and T3) were treated with commercial Macleaya cordata extract throughout the experimental period using the following doses: T1 - test group, basal diet added with 150 ppm of the extract in the feed; T2- test group, basal diet added with100 ppm of the extract in the feed; T3 - test group, basal diet added with 50 ppm of the extract in the feed; and T4 - control group, basal diet with no added extract. The study included histological analysis, Giemsa+, and NADPH-d+ myenteric neuron staining. The results showed that the myenteric plexus is located between longitudinal layer fibers and in the transition region between the longitudinal and circular layers of the muscular tunic, with the myenteric population organized into ganglia and isolated in the region of neuronal fiber bundles. The commercial Macleaya cordata extract showed no quantitative changes in the myenteric Giemsa+ population and myenteric NADPH-d+ subpopulation, however, the groups that consumed the extract showed greater NADPH-d+ neuron activity compared to the control group, implying that the food remained longer in the intestinal lumen, therefore, enabling greater nutrient use and resulting in increased productive performance.
Factors affecting the price of raw milk in Turkey using panel data analysis
Authors: Mat Burak , Arikan Mehmet Saltuk , Çevrimli Mustafa Bahadır , Akin Ahmet Cumhur , Tekindal Mustafa Agah
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT: The high costs of feed among the total costs of raw milk production and an unfavorable milk-feed ratio directly affect the profitability of milk producers. To understand how the market in Turkey can be equilibrated, an exploration of the factors affecting milk prices is essential. This study determined the effects of the basic and the economic indicators on the price of raw milk between 2010 and 2019, by analyzing the monthly panel data. Since time series data are used, Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) tests are conducted to find out whether the series is stationary. In order to see the individual effects, the parameters are estimated using the fixed and random-effects models. The Hausman test is conducted to decide which of the two models is valid. The basic indicators for milk price, namely, prices of barley, soybean meal, wheat and distillers dried grains with soluble (DDGS), and the economic indicators, namely, dollar exchange rate and agricultural producer price index (PPI) had significant (P < 0.05; P < 0.01) effects on the milk price. In conclusion, it is reported that the raw milk prices in Turkey are considerably affected by the prices of feed ingredients as well as the general economic conditions.
Amazonian soil fungi are efficient degraders of glyphosate herbicide; novel isolates of Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Trichoderma
Authors: Correa L. O. , Bezerra A. F. M. , Honorato L. R. S. , Cortez A. C. A. , Souza J. V. B. , Souza E. S.
Published: June 2021

Abstract Pesticide residues that contaminate the environment circulate within the hydrological cycle can accumulate within the food chain and cause problems to both environmental and human health. Microbes, however, are well known for their metabolic versatility and the ability to degrade chemically stable substances, including recalcitrant xenobiotics. The current study focused on bio-prospecting within Amazonian rainforest soils to find novel strains fungi capable of efficiently degrading the agriculturally and environmentally ubiquitous herbicide, glyphosate. Of 50 fungal strains isolated (using culture media supplemented with glyphosate as the sole carbon-substrate), the majority were Penicillium strains (60%) and the others were Aspergillus and Trichoderma strains (26 and 8%, respectively). All 50 fungal isolates could use glyphosate as a phosphorous source. Eight of these isolates grew better on glyphosate-supplemented media than on regular Czapek Dox medium. LC-MS revealed that glyphosate degradation by Penicillium 4A21 resulted in sarcosine and aminomethylphosphonic acid.
Efeito da sazonalidade na reprodução de peixes Characiformes em um rio Neotropical
Authors: Portella Andréia C. , Arsentales Anderson D. , Cavallari Daiane E. , Smith Welber S.
Published: June 2021

RESUMO O conhecimento das táticas reprodutivas é fundamental para a compreensão das estratégias do ciclo de vida dos peixes, bem como para nortear medidas de manejo e conservação. Com isso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar os aspectos relacionados à reprodução de sete espécies do rio Sorocaba, maior afluente da margem esquerda do rio Tietê e muito importante para a manutenção das espécies de peixes no trecho médio desse rio. Foram realizadas coletas mensais durante o período de setembro de 2010 a setembro de 2012 em dois pontos situados no médio e baixo Sorocaba. As espécies estudadas foram: Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875), Psalidodon cf. fasciatus (Cuvier 1819), Megaleporinus obtusidens (Valenciennes 1837), Parodon nasus Kner, 1859, Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837), Salminus hilarii Valenciennes, 1850 e Triportheus nematurus (Kner, 1858). Foi verificada correlação significativa entre a captura das espécies e a temperatura (Spearman r = 0,79, p = 0,0001) e pluviosidade (Spearman r = 0,60, p = 0,00014). Também foi verificada correlação significativa entre os estádios em maturação e maduro, temperatura e pluviosidade, mostrando a importância desses fatores na regulação do ciclo reprodutivo das espécies nos locais estudados. Evidencia-se um padrão de sazonalidade reprodutiva, que foi confirmado pelas medianas do Índice Gonadossomático ao longo dos meses. As espécies migradoras, P. lineatus e S. hilarii, tiveram seus picos de reprodução na época de cheia do rio. Nos meses de novembro a março foi registrada a maior atividade reprodutiva, resultante da interação entre os fatores bióticos e abióticos (temperatura e nível pluviométrico), uma vez que estes atuam na maturação das gônadas.
Indian Students at a Russian Regional University: Socio-economic Impact of Short-term Educational Programmes
Authors: Natalya L. Antonova , Kumar Duru Arun , Popova Galina I. , Vysotskaya Yana S.
Published: June 2021

Universities are increasingly seen as drivers of regional economic development. In this research, we undertook an analysis of the short-term academic mobility of university students as a factor in the internationalisation of higher education. The number of foreign students (International Student Ratio) attracted from across the world is an important metric in all global university rankings. As a result, universities aiming to improve their positions in the global educational market are actively implementing programmes to attract foreign students. Short-term educational programmes of academic mobility are characterised by a high level of flexibility in terms of management, thus being capable of meeting a wide range of needs and interests of potential students. In July 2019, we conducted a survey among Indian students (n = 65) participating in short-term international academic mobility programmes at the Ural Federal University (Ekaterinburg, Russia). The main goal of the empirical research was to investigate students’ motivational structure of participation in academic mobility and the role of such programmes in the implementation of students’ life plans. In addition, barriers to the effective implementation of short-term educational programmes at universities were revealed. According to the research results, Russian education is a status characteristic for Indian students, which allows them to gain important socio-cultural and communicative competencies, as well as to build professional trajectories in a foreign country. The respondents expressed willingness to continue their education in Russia as part of Master’s degree educational programmes. Among the main barriers and challenges, the respondents mentioned poor knowledge of the Russian language and financial difficulties.
INFLUENCE OF MORAL PRESUMPTIONS OF CAPITALIST GESTALT ON THE MODERN COMMUNICATIVE PRACTICES
Authors:   Omsk State Transport University, Khlebnikova Olga V.
Published: June 2021

The article explores the moral presumptions of modern capitalist gestaltin the context of their influence on the existence of communicative practices. The term «capitalist gestalt» is understood as a special set of basic ontologizing attitudes of the modern consciousness of capitalism. Those are interpreted in the paper through the prism of poststructuralism and postmodernism. In this context, the illegitimacy of the fundamental transcendental references, the «naturalness» of the man’s moral right, the relevance of formal rather than substantial morality and the reduction of humanity to the pure proceduralityof the ordinary serve as the initial grounds for reasoning about morality. The most important moral presumptions of the modern capitalist gestalt include the implicit self-worth of economic logic and the importance of recursion of social changes. The capitalist gestalt assumes identification of rationality in general with the principles of the existence of precisely economic rationality, transforming the latter into the only variety of logic being morally permissible. This transformation forces the modern man to exist as a mechanical element in the universal structure of the desire machine, which is declared to be his free moral choice. This state of affairs sets the general direction of all relevant communicative practices.The development of capitalism also constantly requires constituting recursion of social changes, outside of which it would not only cease to be possible but would also lose the right to the ideological claim of moral superiority over other types of socioeconomic organization. Capitalism needs permanent, but programmable and directed, changes in the landscape of reality as in the most important mechanism of its survival. Such changes serve as a leading agent in intensifying the process of the ontological Good formation against the backgroundof total multiplication of capitalist profit.The most important effect of the capitalist gestalt, affecting any modern communicative practice, is producing a neurotic experience of the illusion of usefulness of one’s own being in every person.
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR STRENGTHENING OF INTER-NATIONAL CONSENT AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL (THE CASE OF THE PERM KRAI)
Authors:   Perm State University, Khachatryan Ludmila A. , Korobkina Ekaterina M. ,   Perm State University
Published: June 2021

Modern society is a society formed as a result of numerous changes that occurred in the world at both global and national levels. It includes many ethnic entities organized into a complex ethnic and social structure. This article analyzes the practice of management of cross-national relations in Perm Krai with the aim of strengthening the interethnic harmony. Perm Krai, just like the whole Russian Federation, is characterized by polyethnicity. While some ethnic groups have been living and developing for a long time within Perm Krai, others regard the region as a temporary place of refuge. Constant complication of the national structure and interethnic relations requires an appropriate policy that can ensure the inter-ethnic harmony. The aim of the article is to study administrative practices for achieving the interethnic harmony at the regional level, since it is at the regional level that unique administrative decisions are being developed and implemented to resolve interethnic problems and prevent conflicts on national grounds. The Perm region has accumulated a wealth of experience in the area of development and harmonization of cross-national relations, which was highly appreciated at the all-Russian level. Management practices for implementing the tasks set out in the Strategy of the State National Policy in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025, Perm Krai has developed six targeted programs for the development and harmonization of interethnic relations. This experience is of interest for specialists in the management of social and interethnic interaction, achievement of the inter-ethnic harmony in society.
The Minimum Effect-Site Concentration of Propofol Target Controlled Infusion for Supraglottic Airway Devices: a randomized trial v1
Authors: not provided oomaliwa , Kovitwanawong Nalinee
Published: June 2021

Objective: To determinethe effect-site concentration (Cp50) of propofol target controlled infusion (TCI) for second-generation of four different types of supraglottic airway device insertion. Methods:This prospective randomized double blinded trial study was conducted in June 2012 after approved by the ethics committee of Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand. Fourty patients were randomly allocated into four groups. The first patient of each group received a propofol TCI effect-site concentration of 4 µg/ml. Propofol targets were determined by means of the modified Dixon's up-and-down method. After equilibration was established between the plasma and effect-site concentrations, the I-gel™, Supreme™, ProSeal™ and Laryngeal Tube Suction II™ were inserted in each group. The Cp50 of propofol was recorded after a successful insertion was achieved. Other outcomes included overall hemodynamic response and complications. The differences in characteristics among groups were tested with Fisher's exact test for categorical data and the Kruskal Wallis test for continuous variables (Cp50 of propofol) while median and range were displayed. Multiple linear regression and general estimating equation were used to determine factors associated with the change in systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate.
Studi fenomenologi makna pengembangan Industri Rumah Tangga (IRT) rengginang bagi buruh perempuan di Desa Sambigede
Authors: Andriado Ifan , Nisa Anis Khoirun , Agustin Dini Rahmawati , Indrawati Dwi Mulyani , Rahmatillah Hamida Zama , Kurniawati Elya
Published: June 2021

Globalisasi membawa pengaruh kuat terhadap perkembangan ekonomi masyarakat. Hal ini ditandai dengan munculnya berbagai industri pada masyarakat desa, salah satunya Industri Rumah Tangga (IRT) rengginang di Desa Sambigede, Kecamatan Sumberpucung, Kabupaten Malang. Dalam proses produksinya, IRT rengginang ini mempekerjakan buruh yang mayoritas perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan makna pengembangan Industri Rumah Tangga (IRT) rengginang bagi buruh perempuan di Desa Sambigede. Penelitian ini dikaji menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Subjek penelitian berjumlah lima orang buruh yang ditentukan dengan cara purposive sampling dan dilanjutkan dengan snowball sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Keabsahan data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh menggunakan teknik triangulasi sumber dan metode. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi atau kesimpulan. Penelitian ini dikaji menggunakan teori Fenomenologi oleh Huserl. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat lima makna Industri Rumah Tangga (IRT) rengginang bagi buruh perempuan, antara lain: 1) sebagai mata pencaharian utama, 2) sebagai pekerjaan sampingan, 3) sebagai sarana memperluas relasi, 4) sebagai aktivitas pengisi waktu luang, dan 5) sebagai sarana untuk meneruskan usaha keluarga.
Dampak adanya pandemi bagi Lembaga Bimbingan Belajar (LBB)
Authors: Madhani L. R. , Sari K. A. , Rahmawati D. K. , Rozakiyah Desy Santi
Published: June 2021

Covid-19 spreads so fast and has various impacts in society, one of which is in the world of formal education. The existence of a pandemic has resulted in learning to be carried out over a long distance network. This also has an impact on non-formal education such as the Tutoring Institution. LBB is an example of a non-formal education institution that guides students in academic lessons by adjusting their needs. The author tries to find the impact of a pandemic on LBB, what is felt by LBB and parents and students. This study aims to see the impact of the Pandemic Tutoring Institution, both formal and informal. This type of research is qualitative research using cognitive learning theory. Technique informants using purposive sampling technique. Sources of data used are interviews, observations, and literature studies. The results of the study explained that it would be healthy if LBB was kept open by implementing the Covid-19 health protocol, dividing students into several groups, and still maximizing courageous learning. The result of the research is that LBB must remain open because face-to-face learning is still needed by students who still need direct guidance such as kindergarten, elementary, and junior high school students/equivalent.

Covid-19 menyebar begitu cepat dan menimbulkan berbagai dampak di masyarakat, salah satunya pada dunia pendidikan formal. Adanya pandemi mengakibatkan pembelajaran harus dilakukan melalui jaringan jarak jauh. Hal ini juga berdampak pada pendidikan non formal seperti Lembaga Bimbingan Belajar. LBB merupakan salah satu contoh lembaga pendidikan non formal yang membimbing peserta didik terkait pelajaran akademis dengan menyesuaikan kebutuhan. Penulis berusaha mencari dampak adanya pandemi bagi LBB, apa saja yang dirasakan oleh pihak LBB maupun orang tua dan peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak adanya pandemi bagi Lembaga Bimbingan Belajar baik formal maupun informal. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan teori belajar kognitif. Teknik pengumpulan informan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Sumber data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara, observasi, dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa alangkah baiknya jika LBB tetap dibuka dengan menerapkan protokol kesehatan Covid-19, membagi peserta didik dalam beberapa kelompok, dan tetap memaksimalkan pembelajaran daring. Dengan begitu kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian adalah LBB harus tetap dibuka karena pembelajaran tatap muka masih dibutuhkan oleh peserta didik yang masih membutuhkan bimbingan secara langsung seperti siswa TK, SD maupun SMP/sederajat.
Evaluate of The Reproductive Efficiency of Cows With Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Ağaoğlu Betül , Comba Bahat , Koyun Hasan
Published: June 2021

Fuzzy Logic (Fuzzy Logic) is a branch of science based on thinking like human beings and solving them with mathematical functions. Fuzzy logic theory is a mathematical theory. Based on fuzzy set theory, it also uses intermediate values. The fuzzy logic that emerged in 1965 is used in many fields. In the production of pacemakers, in the production of artificial organs, in many electronic devices, company efficiency estimation, etc. situations are used. Fuzzy logic, which is frequently used in the solution of problems that occur in uncertain situations such as quality assessment in recent years, is one of the artificial intelligence methods. With the help of machines, people-specific data and experiences are studied using the fuzzy logic approach. In this study, by using Matlab Fuzzy Toolbox, it was aimed to design a system that gives information about the breeding performances of cows. The expert system was designed based on the optimal values under the ideal conditions specified in the literature. The architecture of the system presented in this paper is designed as three input parameters and one output. The designed system was tested with 100 sample values. Afterwards, expert results were evaluated and system decisions were compared. The success of the decision support system was 94%. As a result, the reproductive efficiency of cows can be determined with this designed system. With this determination, the handling or disposal of cows can be determined.
Analysis of the influence of workload and the quality of the nurse with the quality of medical services in the inpatient building B general hospital Royal Prima Medan 2019
Authors: Rahma Maulida , Khu Adrian , Girsang Ermi , Silalahi Marlinang
Published: June 2021

Background: Workload and quality of peer care has an important role in improving the quality of medical services in terms of patient satisfaction in hospital services, especially in the inpatient room. RSU. Royal Prima is a private type B hospital with a BOR of 87% based on the high number of patient visits in the inpatient room. The aim of the study was to determine the analysis of the influence of the workload and the quality of medical services in the inpatient building B RSU, Royal Prima Medan 2019.Methods: This type of quantitative research with a correlation study research design. On the workload of nurses with a total sampling technique of 148 nurses. On the quality of nurses using a purposive sampling technique, a sample of 148 people was taken from one month's patient population.Results: The results of this study on nurse workload from the measurement results based on the chi square test nurses workload has a statistically significant effect on the quality of medical services (p=0.005) and the quality of nurses has no influence on the quality of being able (p=0.950). Based on logistic regression odds ratio 1.025, which means nurses with light workloads will improve the quality of service 1.0 times compared to nurses with heavy workloads.Conclusions: It was concluded that the heavy workload can affect the quality of inpatient services marked by the number of patients not proportional to the number of nurses so it is necessary to increase the number of nursing human resources in the inpatient room of B building at RS, Royal Prima Medan in 2019.
India’s COVID-19 vaccination programme: challenges and solutions
Authors: Suryawanshi Deodatt M. , Venugopal Raghuram , Anbazhagan Suguna , Rajseharan Divya , Kumar Gayathri
Published: June 2021

Following January 2020, the SARS-COV-2 spread worldwide, ravaging health systems and causing widespread disruptions in the economic and social spheres. Successive waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in different countries concluded that the fight against the virus will be prolonged. Countries including India tried to reduce the spread of SARS-COV-2 by inducing restrictions on population mobility, high testing rates and dynamic algorithmic management but vaccination remained the only definitive answer against SARS COV-2. Though India started its vaccination program in a phased manner as early as January 2021, the second covid wave thwarted its gains with Indian facing a triple whammy of high incident cases, overburdened health infrastructure and inelastic vaccine supplies. In this review, we examined the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of India's vaccination programme and also suggest solutions to augment its strengths, manage its weakness, consolidate on opportunities and neutralise threats with effective measures of priority vaccination in high-risk districts, war footing immunisation, emergency use authorisation of vaccines, expanding vaccination programme to include children above 12 years and countering vaccine hesitancy with fact and reason. The review concluded that by strategic immunisation of high priority/high-risk districts the upcoming third wave can be thwarted if not completely prevented at a lower economic and social cost.
NDC Invest: Supporting Transformational Climate Policy and Finance
Authors: Jaramillo Marcela , Saavedra Valentina
Published: June 2021

The Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicates that meeting the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting the global temperature rise from pre-industrial levels to between 1.5 and 2 degrees Celsius requires reaching net-zero emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) between 2050 and 2070, as well as deep reductions in the emissions of other greenhouse gases by around mid-century (GHGs) (IPCC, 2018). At the same time countries need to build resilience to face the changes that cannot be avoided. NDC Invest was created as the one-stop-shop of the IDB Group providing technical and financial support for countries in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) in their efforts to achieve the climate objectives under the Paris Agreement, seeking to transition to a net zero, resilient and sustainable development pathways that improve quality of life and prosperity in LAC. Through our research and experience supporting countries and piloting solutions we have developed a toolbox for support. This paper describes three NDC Invest products to support Governments to tackle challenges and scale up action towards a climate aligned and sustainable development path: i) the design of Long-Term Strategies (LTS) for net-zero emissions and resilience; ii) design of ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), aligned to LTS; and iii) design of investment plans and finance strategies. Our three products are not a fix recipe, but rather a toolbox to provide flexible and relevant solutions tailored to country needs and context, and different stages of design and implementation of their climate targets.
Late Language Emergence
Authors: Nouraey Peyman , Ayatollahi Mohammad A , Moghadas Marzieh
Published: June 2021

Infants usually say their first word at the age of 12 months; subsequently, within the next 6–12 months, they develop a vocabulary of approximately 50 words, along with the ability to make two-word combinations. However, late talkers (LTs) demonstrate delayed speech in the absence of hearing impairments, cognitive developmental issues or relevant birth history. The prevalence of late language emergence (LLE) in toddlers is reported to be 10–15%. Studies of LTs are both theoretically and clinically significant. Early diagnosis and clinical intervention may result in relatively stable speech capabilities by the early school years. The present article aimed to review both theoretical and empirical studies regarding LLE within the process of first language acquisition, as well as methods for the early diagnosis of delayed speech in children and the authors’ own clinical and theoretical recommendations.

Keywords: Infants; Speech; Language Development; Speech-Language Pathology; Language Development Disorders; Rehabilitation of Speech and Language Disorders.
COVID-19 and the Clinical Phase of the Medical Doctorate Curriculum in Oman
Authors: Burney Ikram A , Abdwani Reem , Al-Hashmi Khamis , Al-Wardy Nadia , Al-Saadoon Muna
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 has gripped the world with lightning speed. Since the onset of the pandemic, activity throughout the world came to a grinding halt. However, business had to continue and people have to learn to live with the virus while the pandemic continues to rage. Medical education is no exception and may even deserve special mention, as it prepares frontline workers against the endemics of tomorrow. We discuss here the journey of medical education at the College of Medicine and Health Sciences at Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman, as the pandemic struck the world and Oman. This work suggests a roadmap for changes, discusses challenges and proposes measures to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on medical schools.

Keywords: COVID-19; Medical Education; Curriculum; Computer Simulation; Artificial Intelligence; Oman.
Intralesional Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine for Genital Warts
Authors: Al-Qassabi Al-Mu'tasim , Al-Farsi Fahad
Published: June 2021

Genital warts are caused by several strains of Human Papilloma Viruses. Although asymptomatic in most cases, they can be psychologically and physically distressing for patients. Recently, intralesional immunotherapy using different antigens—such as Bacille Calmette–Guerin vaccine, candida antigen and measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine—have shown promising efficacy in the treatment of genital warts. We report two cases in Omani males who presented to the Dermatology Department at Barka Polyclinic with recalcitrant genital warts that resolved completely with intralesional injection of the MMR vaccine.
Keywords: Genital Warts; Immunotherapy; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Venereal Warts; Oman.
Middle East and African Student (MEAS) perceptions of Islam and Islamic moderation: a case study
Authors: Ebrahimi Mansoureh , Yusoff Kamaruzaman , Ismail Rozmi
Published: June 2021

Islamic Moderation is such a fundamental concept that without it understanding faith is inadequate at best. Muslims are required by definition of the term ‘Muslim’ to remain on the middle path in everything pertaining to the life ways. They must not overstep the bounds (tafrit) and become trapped in the extremist quagmire (ifrat). As an Islamic doctrine par excellence, moderation inherently finds solutions for injustice and the violation of human rights. Nonetheless, some schools of Islamic thought (madhhabs) attend extremist ideology, particularly those of Middle East and African savour. These have spread a frightful spirit of intolerance throughout the world that has indelibly blackened Islam’s image by choosing to deny Islam’s characteristic spirit of moderation. In so doing, they marginalize any proper implementation of authentic Islam and block all corrective political discourse. Militant radicals clearly neglect moderation as a doctrinal position that is traditionally essential to the creed. This paper presents a broad exposure to Islam’s middle path with a focus on 192 respondents in a survey taken by Middle Eastern and African students (MEAS) studying in Malaysia. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to achieve four significant findings indicating these students do not understand the nature of being a good Muslim.
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF PRIDE, MINDFULNESS, GENERAL SELF-AWARENESS, EMOTIONAL SATISFACTION ON CUSTOMER CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR AMONG GREEN CUSTOMERS
Authors: Rahmani Atousa Kamangar , Navid Homa Heidari , Seyed Mayeseh Aman Zade , Ashouri Somayeh , Khalaji Azadeh
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of pride, mindfulness, general self-awareness, emotional satisfaction on customer citizenship behavior among green customers.

Methodology: The present study is descriptive research in terms of applied purpose and duration of data collection. Structural equation modeling with Warp PLS software was used for analysis. Due to the survey and the lack of research, a questionnaire was used to collect data. The statistical population included customers of Cinere green products. Since their number is unknown, the infinite population was considered, and Cochran's formula for the endless population was estimated at 384 people.

Principal Findings: The results showed that pride has a positive and significant effect on the general self-awareness of green customers. Mindfulness has a substantial direct impact on the general self-awareness of green customers. The immediate effect of public awareness on the citizenship behavior of green customers was confirmed, and emotional satisfaction has a significant impact on the citizenship behavior of green customers. Finally, the mediating result of emotional satisfaction on the relationship between public self-awareness and citizenship behavior of green customers was confirmed.

Applications of this study: This research can be used in psychology and sociology areas.

Novelty/Originality of this study: to investigate the effect of pride, mindfulness, general self-awareness, emotional satisfaction on customer citizenship behavior among green customers.
A Review of Tannins in Berries
Authors: Bernjak Barbara , Kristl Janja
Published: June 2021

Tannins are a group of polyphenolic compounds synthesized and accumulated by higher plants as secondary metabolites. They are divided into hydrolysable tannins and proanthocyanidins and are found in many plant tissues in which they occur in diverse structures and amounts. This review provides a brief background on tannin distribution in plants, and summarizes the current literature on tannins in strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, currently the most commonly cultivated and consumed berries, and chokeberries, which have become popular in the last decades. The effects of processing and storage on tannin composition and levels in processed products are also provided.
Comunidad de indagación como ambiente de aprendizaje: una propuesta y una apuesta.
Authors: Cruz Iván Darío , Castro Patarroyo Lizeth Ximena , Ojeda Suárez Manuel Alejandro
Published: June 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados de investigación relacionados al proyecto Filosofía para/con Niños (Fp/cN) como un estudio de innovación educativa en el desarrollo del pensamiento científico en instituciones educativas rurales del departamento de Boyacá. La propuesta parte de una construcción teórica del ambiente de aprendizaje y la configuración de éste desde la perspectiva del programa Filosofía para Niños (FpN) de Mathew Lipman, y las apropiaciones referentes a Filosofía con Niños (FcN). Así mismo, con el objetivo de diseñar y desarrollar un ambiente de aprendizaje creado en clave de comunidad de indagación, el estudio tuvo en cuenta diferentes experiencias documentadas que permitieron la aplicación y evaluación a manera de estudio de caso, de una propuesta desarrollada en el área de Ética y Valores Humanos con estudiantes de grado sexto de una institución educativa de la ciudad de Tunja. Se concluye con las aportaciones y pertinencia de la comunidad de indagación como ambiente de aprendizaje, la cual, se plantea como una posibilidad de transformación curricular de la institucionalidad educativa.
DIÁLOGOS ENTRE LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA E PSICOLOGIA SOCIAL
Authors: Irineu Lucineudo Machado , Teixeira Lucas Matheus Silva , Júnior Helder Felix de Sousa , Silva Ametista de Pinho Nogueira
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho objetiva caracterizar a interface que propomos entre a Teoria das Representações Sociais, no campo da Psicologia Social, e a Análise de Discurso Crítica, no âmbito da Linguística Aplicada, para o estudo do que chamamos de abordagem discursiva das representações sociais (IRINEU, 2011, 2019), para posteriormente citar pesquisas filiadas a essa interface. Para dar conta desse objetivo, discutimos o conceito de interdisciplinaridade e as características de cada uma das áreas mencionadas a partir dos estudos de KLEIMAN, 2007; CELANI, 2007; MOITA LOPES, 2006; SÁ, 1998; MOSCOVICI, 2007; DOISE, 2010. A discussão empreendida evidencia a fecunda relação que se pode estabelecer a partir da interface teórica entre TRS e ADC para pesquisas presentes e futuras sobre o estudo de problemas sociais através da linguagem e sobre o modo como grupos sociais representam, pelo discurso, objetos do mundo.
MEMÓRIA SOCIAL E ESQUECIMENTO
Authors: Poll Ana Paula , Landim Luiz Ricardo Candido
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever e compreender a ausência de referências contemporâneas à história de violações de Direitos Humanos ocorridas no município de Barra Mansa, interior do estado do Rio de Janeiro, durante a ditadura militar brasileira (1964-1985). Para isso, utilizamos a perspectiva analítica de Pollak (1989) acerca do processo de enquadramento da memória e descrevemos o histórico de violações de Direitos Humanos na cidade. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir da coleta e análise de dados qualitativos obtidos com a aplicação de questionário em três escolas do município, abrangendo estudantes concluintes do terceiro ano do ensino médio, alunos do último módulo do Ensino de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Aleatoriamente convidamos os respondentes do questionário aplicado para participarem de um grupo focal, ocasião em que estimulamos a discussão acerca dos Direitos Humanos e das violações ocorridas no antigo batalhão de Barra Mansa. Assim pudemos verificar que os egressos da rede pública de ensino de Barra Mansa/RJ desconhecem o passado de violações de Direitos Humanos ocorridos no município. Discutimos em consonância com os resultados obtidos o direito à memória e a necessidade de uma educação alicerçada nas diretrizes curriculares nacionais. Essas asseguram ao educando a compreensão acerca da importância do caráter plural da memória social e da relevância dos Direitos Humanos na formação do cidadão.
Dampak Pertukaran Atasan dan Bawahan terhadap Perilaku Keterikatan Kerja dengan Perasaan Kewajiban sebagai Pemediasi dan Ideologi Pertukaran sebagai Pemoderasi
Authors: Krisna Sukma Putra I Gede , Laksana Rio Dhani
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengamati dampak dari pertukaran atasan dan bawahan terhadap perilaku keterikatan kerja melalui mediasi perasaan kewajiban dan adanya moderasi dari ideologi pertukaran. Sebanyak 214 responden berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini, mereka merupakan pegawai pada Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK). Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode survei dengan kuesioner yang diadministrasikan sendiri (langsung dan daring). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa pertukaran atasan dan bawahan memiliki dampak terhadap perilaku keterikatan kerja dengan mediasi parsial dari perasaan kewajiban. Namun ideologi pertukaran terbukti tidak memiliki efek pemoderasi dalam hubungan antara pertukaran atasan dan bawahan terhadap perasaan kewajiban. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) mediasi parsial dari perasaan kewajiban mengindikasikan adanya hubungan langsung antara pertukaran atasan dan bawahan terhadap keterikatan kerja dan dimungkinkan adanya variabel-variabel lain yang dapat memediasi, di luar variabel-variabel yang diuji dalam penelitian ini, dan (2) ideologi pertukaran tidak memiliki efek pemoderasi, hal ini memperlihatkan indikasi adanya kemungkinan hubungan langsung antara ideologi pertukaran dengan perasaan kewajiban serta pertukaran atasan dan bawahan. Manajer dan organisasi perlu untuk mempertimbangkan bagaimana cara untuk meningkatkan kualitas dari hubungan pertukaran atasan dan bawahan yang dapat meningkatkan keterikatan kerja karyawan. Mereka juga perlu memperhatikan ideologi pertukaran yang dimiliki oleh karyawan karena dimungkinkan dapat berpengaruh langsung terhadap perasaan kewajiban serta pertukaran atasan dan bawahan.
Parents’ Role in Supporting Sport Achievement of Surakarta Women’s U-19 Football Club In Surakarta
Authors: Yulianti Elen , Mukholid Agus , Manshuralhudlori Manshuralhudlori
Published: June 2021

This study is aimed to identify and describe the  role of parents in supporting sport achievement of Surakarta U-19 Women’s Football Club in 2020. Descriptive quantitative method is used in this research. The data source is obtained from parents/guardians at Surakarta Women's Football Club. Those data needed in this study is the problematic role of parents in supporting sports achievement. Data collection techniques use observation, questionnaires, and documentation. Based on the data analysis carried out in the fifth chapter of this thesis, obtained: 1) There are 5 people included in a good category while for the adequate category there are 12 people — of parents’ role in term of attention factor. 2) of parents’ role from nutritional factor, there are 6 people categorized as good while there are 13 people included in adequate category. 3) Parental role from the equipment and supplies factor, there are 2 people included in a good category while 9 people for the adequate category. 4) Environmental factor discussed in parental role problem, both good category and adequate caregory have the same number of people — 8. From this study, we can indicate that the problematic role of parents in supporting sport achievements of Surakarta Women’s Football Club in 2020 which is included in “very poor” category is 4% (1 person), categorized as “less” is 24% (6 people), counted as “adequate” is 36% (9 people), included in “good” is 32% (8 people), and the last but not least “excellent” is 4% (1 person). Based on the average value, which is 101.16, parents’ role in supporting sports achievements of Surakarta U-19 Women’s Football Club in 2020 placed in adequate category.
Analysis of sport development index Sambi Sub-district Boyolali District in 2020
Authors: Syafa'attul Anam , Kristyanto Agus , Rahayu Triwinarti
Published: June 2021

This research was based on the unked development of sports in Sambi Subdistrict, Boyolali Regency, which was reviewed from the Sport Development Index (SDI). In SDI itself there are 4 indicators that are used as a tool to help how sports development in Sambi District Boyolali Regency. The purpose of this research is to find out: (1) the availability of open space in Sambi Subdistrict (2) the availability of human resources in Sambi Subdistrict (3) the level of community participation in exercising in Sambi Subdistrict (4) the physical fitness level of the community of Sambi Subdistrict so that later known sports development index (SDI) in Sambi Subdistrict. This research is a descriptive quantitative research. The approach used in this research is survey. The sample of this study amounted to 90 people who were distinguished into 3 age categories, namely children 7-12 years old, teenagers 13-17 years old, and young 18-40 years taken from 3 different villages in the district of Sambi which is representative of Catur Village, Sambi Village, and Canden Village. The collection of areas from cluster 3 villages is based on SDI guidelines where the 3 villages represent low, medium, advanced categories. Instrument test used in the form of questionnaires and Multi Stage Fitness Test (MFT). The results of this study are (1) the availability of open space in the district of Sambi Sudan is quite good and in the index of open space 0.726, (2) The availability of human resources in Sambi sub-district is relatively low with an index of 0.0024, (3) the index of community participation in exercising is quite good in view of the participation index of 0.522, (4) physical fitness of the community wilaah Sambi district gets an index of 0.292 which is in the low category. The conclusion of this study is the SDI index which includes Physical Fitness, Human Resources, Open Space Sports, Sports Participation in Sambi District of 0.385, and if seen from the norms of SDI, Sambi district is still classified in the low category.
Gerontocracy of the Buddhist monastic administration in Thailand
Authors: Buaban Jesada
Published: June 2021

This paper examines the monastic administration in Thai Buddhism, which is ruled by the senior monks and supported by the government. It aims to answer two questions; (1) why the Sangha’s administration has been designed to serve the bureaucratic system that monks abandon social and political justices, and (2) how the monastic education curriculum are designed to support such a conservative system. Ethnographic methodology was conducted and collected data were analyzed through the concept of gerontocracy. It found that (1) Thai Buddhism gains supports from the government much more than other religions. Parallel with the state’s bureaucratic system, the hierarchical conservative council contains the elderly monks. Those committee members choose to respond to the government policy in order to maintain supports rather than to raise social issues; (2) gerontocracy is also facilitated by the idea of Theravada itself. In both theory and practice, the charismatic leader should be the old one, implying the condition of being less sexual feeling, hatred, and ignorance. Based on this criterion, the moral leader is more desirable than the intelligent. The concept of “merits from previous lives” is reinterpreted and reproduced to pave the way for the non-democratic system.