bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterisation and diagnosis of heritage concrete: case studies at the Eduardo Torroja Institute, Madrid, Spain
Authors: Carmona-Quiroga P.M. , Pachón-Montaño A. , Queipo-de-Llano J. , Martín-Caro J.A. , López D. , Paniagua I. , Martínez I. , Rubiano F. , García-Lodeiro I. , Fernández-Ordóñez L. , Blanco-Varela M.T. , Frías-López E.
Published: November 2021

That the preservation of twentieth concrete heritage is an area scantly explored can be attributed to a lack of appreciation for such a young material. In most cases conservation is broached from a technical perspective with little regard for heritage value. Ongoing assessment of the condition of structures is the primary strategy to minimise such misguided action. This study involved characterising the condition of the concrete in a number of singular elements forming part of the Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Science headquarters at Madrid, Spain, a modernist compound listed by the city of Madrid as a protected asset. The in situ findings using non-destructive and laboratory techniques revealed the core concrete to be in good condition. The surface material, however, exhibits signs of durability issues calling for conservation treatments and techniques compatible with the preservation of the integrity and authenticity of this young heritage material.
Book Review
Authors: B. J.
Published: November 2021

No abstract available.
Clinical correlation of diabetic retinopathy with nephropathy and neuropathy
Authors: Saini Deep C , Kochar Anju , Poonia Raunaq
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

To evaluate the presence of nephropathy and neuropathy in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to correlate the severity of DR to that of diabetic nephropathy and diabetic neuropathy.

Methods:

This prospective noninterventional hospital-based study included 57 consecutive cases of DR of either sex, presenting to the eye OPD between January 2019 and November 2020 with minimum 5-year duration of Type 1 and 2 DM. Complete ophthalmic examination was done and DR was classified according to early treatment diabetic retinopathy study classification. Severity of diabetic nephropathy was based on urine albumin creatinine ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Severity of diabetic neuropathy was based on nerve conduction velocity.

Results:

The study was conducted on 57 patients of whom patients 45 were males and 12 were females. Mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy was present in 22 patients, moderate in 14 patients, severe in 18 patients, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy in 3 patients. In our study, group 30 patients of DR presented without clinically significant macular edema (CSME) and 27 patients presented with CSME. The distribution of severity of DR according to CSME was observed to be statistically significant (P<<0.05). The association of severity of DR with severity of diabetic nephropathy was observed to be statistically significant (P<<0.05). The association of severity of DR with that of diabetic neuropathy was inconclusive.

Conclusion:

The association of severity of DR with severity of diabetic nephropathy and diabetic neuropathy can be used as a marker for future chronic kidney diseases progression and also to prognosticate neurological outcomes in diabetic patients.
Elevated advanced glycation end products are associated with subfoveal ellipsoid zone disruption in diabetic macular edema
Authors: Mishra Nibha , Singh Malvika , Singh Rajendra K , Saxena Sandeep
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), due to increased production and a slow turnover rate, serve as mediators of “metabolic memory” even after the resolution of hyperglycemia. A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the association of AGEs with subfoveal ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption in diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods:

A tertiary-care-center-based cross-sectional study included 40 consecutive cases with DME and 20 healthy controls in the age group of 40–65 years. All the study subjects underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for cross-sectional imaging of the retina. The EZ was defined as a hyperreflective band below the external limiting membrane. The disruption of EZ was graded as intact EZ and disrupted EZ. Serum AGEs were assessed by assay of N
ε-carboxymethyl-lysine (N
ε-CML) using the standard protocol. Data were analyzed statistically.

Results:

Subfoveal EZ disruption was noted in 80% (32/40) of the cases of DME. In the cases without EZ disruption, visual acuity (LogMAR VA) was 0.60 ± 0.52, whereas in cases with EZ disruption, LogMAR VA was 0.96 ± 0.56 (P < 0.001). In the cases without EZ disruption, N
ε-CML was 94.31 ± 57 ng/mL, whereas in cases with EZ disruption N
ε-CML was 120.64 ± 71.98 ng/mL (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

In DME, increased levels of AGEs are significantly associated with EZ disruption on SD-OCT.
Clinical features and surgical outcomes of complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus versus type 2 diabetes mellitus - A comparative observational study
Authors: Kumar Karthik , Baliga Girish , Babu Naresh , Rajan Renu P , Kumar Gautam , Mishra Chitaranjan , Chitra R , Ramasamy Kim
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

To evaluate the clinical profile, visual outcomes, and complications among young adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent DM-T1DM) in comparison with patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) undergoing vitrectomy for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)..

Methods:

A retrospective review of patients between 18 and 45 years with T1DM undergoing vitrectomy for complications of PDR between June 2017 and June 2019, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Consecutive patients between 30 and 45 years with type 2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent DM-T2DM) who underwent vitrectomy for the same indications were retrospectively enrolled as the control group.

Results:

There were 42 eyes (28 patients) in the T1DM group and 58 eyes (47 patients) in the T2DM group. The average age at operation was 35.9 ± 6.88 years and 39.8 ± 3.03 years, respectively (P < 0.001). At the end of follow-up, the mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from 1.53 ± 0.55 to 1.30 ± 0.93 (P value 0.07) in the T1DM group and from 1.59 ± 0.46 to 1.00 ± 0.78 in the T2DM group (P = 0.0001). The rate of the primary and final reattachment was 76.2% and 88.1% in the T1DM group and 84.5% and 96.6% in the T2DM group. Preoperative macular tractional retinal detachment (MTRD) and neovascular glaucoma (NVG) in both the groups, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and lack of preoperative Pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP) in the T1DM group, hypertension (HTN) and, resurgery in the T2DM group, were risk factors for poor vision at the final follow-up.

Conclusion:

The visual and anatomic outcomes were poorer in the T1DM patients which could be due to the longer duration of diabetes with worse glycemic control, associated comorbidities like CKD, and a higher incidence of MTRD.
Evaluation of sphingolipid metabolism on diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Delioğlu Ezgi Naz Ensari , Uğurlu Nagihan , Erdal Ebru , Malekghasemi Soheil , Çağıl Nurullah
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

To evaluate the aqueous and serum levels of sphingolipid metabolism mediators such as sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P), sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1), sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2), ceramide kinase (CK), and acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) which are thought to take part in diabetic retinopathy (DR) pathogenesis, and development and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods:

A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on type 2 diabetic and control patients who underwent cataract surgery. Three different subgroups, namely, non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), were allocated and the S1P, SK1, SK2, CK, and ASM levels in the serum and aqueous humor samples of diabetic and control patients were evaluated. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student’s t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used for the statistical analysis of the study.

Results:

Among a total of 45 patients, including diabetic and control patients, the mean aqueous levels of SK1 (P < 0.001), SK2 (P = 0.012), ASM (P = 0.006), and CK (P = 0.002) were higher in all diabetic patients. The mean aqueous level of S1P was significantly higher in the PDR group than in other groups (P = 0.003). The mean aqueous levels of SK2 and ASM also increased in the NDR, NPDR, and PDR subgroups, respectively (P < 0.001). In addition, the mean serum levels of S1P, SK1, and ASM were higher in the diabetic patients (P = 0.015, P = 0.034, and P = 0.006, respectively).

Conclusion:

According to our findings, both aqueous and serum levels of S1P, SK1, and ASM and only the aqueous levels of SK2 and CK were higher in diabetic patients. This study suggested that sphingolipid metabolism may play an important role in DR pathogenesis.
The role of concomitant immunosuppressants in impeding the progression of diabetic retinopathy: A pilot study
Authors: Raman Premnath , Kathare Rupal
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

Hallmark of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is blood-retinal barrier alteration. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of DR. Anti-VEGFs and lasers are effective in treating DR but have numerous drawbacks, hence the need to develop alternative therapies that may delay the onset or progression of DR.

Methods:

Fifteen patients were recruited in each group; the study group was on immunosuppressants for some other coexisting disease and the control group was not on them. Each subject underwent detailed history, ophthalmic examination, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and renal function tests at the time of recruitment and the end of one year. Primary outcome measure was to compare the progression of DR in diabetics on immunosuppressant versus those not on it.

Results:

Median age in the study and control group was 57 years and 60 years, respectively (P = 0.6). Median duration of diabetes was 11 and 12 years in the study and control group, respectively (P = 0.7). HbA1c for the study and control group for first visit was 7.6% and 8.0%, respectively (P = 0.26) and for second visit was 7.5% and 8.1%, respectively (P = 0.11). Hypertensives in the study and control groups were 9 and 4, respectively (P = 0.065); renal disease in the study and control groups was 4 and 2, respectively (P = 0.361). The control group showed 33.3% progression of DR, and no progression was seen in the study group (P = 0.014).

Conclusion:

Immunosuppressants seemed to delay the onset and progression of DR in the earlier stages.
Fuzzy Logic-based Data Controlled Wireless Sensor Network Routing Protocol for Flood Early Warning
Authors: Alabi A.E. , Ayoola O.S. , Fakolujo O.A.
Published: November 2021

Floods account for 15% of all natural disasters related deaths. Therefore, early flood warning systems using wireless network of sensors installed in flood prone areas is necessary to provide early notice of impending flood. This research focuses on the use of an energy efficient routing protocol to prolong the life time of the Network. The importance of this is to minimize energy consumption as necessary for reliable field operations. It adopts the use of mandami Fuzzy logic-based data controlled routing protocol (F-DCRP).Simulation was carried out for the F-DCRP, LEACH and Crisp Data controlled routing protocol (DCRP). The performance of the three protocols were obtained and compared. The result showed that Cluster head (CH) load was better shared uniformly among all the nodes. Percentage of packets dropped showed that the proposed F-DCRP was 10% lower compared to DCRP and 50% lower compared to LEACH resulting in more packets sent per round and greater reliability compared to LEACH and DCRP. The network lifetime was also improved by 40 % when compared to LEACH and DCRP.
Impact of Magnetically Treated Water on Compressive and Flexural Strength of Concrete
Authors: Yusuf K.O. , Akpenpuun T.D. , David S.O. , Oluwayemi C.H.
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted to determine the effect of Magnetically Treated Water (MTW) on compressive, flexural and impact  strengths of concrete. The compressive strength, flexural and impact test were determined using 100 mm cube, 100x100x500 mm, 100mm diameter and 64 mm high, respectively. MTW was produced by passing water through magnetic flux densities: 400(T1), 600(T2), 800(T3) and 997G(T4) as the treatments while Non-MTW (NMTW, T0 as control). The ratio of cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate was 1:2:4 and curing duration for the concretes were 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Universal Testing Machine was used to determine the compressive and flexural strengths while drop weighing impact tester was used for determining the impact strength of the concrete. The mean forces at peak to break the concrete cured for 28 days for T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 106.79, 121.25, 114.15, 107.06 and 196.68 kN, while the compressive strengths were 10.68, 12.13, 11.42, 10.71 and 19.67 Nmm-2, respectively. The maximum compressive, flexural and impact strengths of the concrete were 84.17, 22.37 and 96.93%, respectively. The effect of MTW was statistically significant on compressive, flexural and impact strengths and is recommended for use.
Bathymetry Study of the Siltation Level of Lugu Dam Reservoir in Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Ugwu S.J. , Ajoge H.N. , Abdulsalam B. , Nwude M.O.
Published: November 2021

This paper seeks to determine the siltation level of the Lugu dam reservoir, Sokoto State, Nigeria, using the bathymetric survey method. A total of eleven (11) ground control points were established over the study area using Hi-Target Global Navigation Satellite (GNS) Real-time Kinematic (RTK) System. The base station was set- up over the reference Bench Mark while the Rover station was moved around to predetermine locations of the ground control points. The depths to the Lugu dam reservoir bed, as well as its underwater topographic mapping with a section of the River Rima on the right flank of the reservoir area, across the collapsed spillway were conducted using Garmin Global Positioning System Map. This was mounted on a nine feet fibre boat to enhance the echo sounding. The result of the study was used to produce a digital elevation model, topographic contours and the area-elevation-capacity curve for the reservoir. This indicates that between elevations 260.5 m and 262 m, the available minimum and maximum designed storage capacities of Lugu dam reservoir ranges from 21.24 MCM and 34.25 MCM respectively. The Lugu dam reservoir maximum storage capacity at breached level stands at 25 MCM, while its active storage capacity is 20 MCM. This is to conclude that the amount of siltation at the reservoir is 9.25 MCM representing 27.01% indicating the difference between the maximum designed capacity and the current storage capacity. It is recommended that dredging be carried out to regain the initial designed storage capacity as this will no doubt put an end to the incessant flooding and erosion experienced in the area.
Llars i propietat immobiliària: estratègies d’acumulació i desigualtat a Espanya, 2002-2017
Authors: Diederik Boertien , López-Gay Antonio
Published: November 2021

La propietat immobiliària ha representat tradicionalment una part substancial dels recursos econòmics de les llars espanyoles. L’evolució del mercat immobiliari al segle XXI a Espanya ha donat lloc a dues històries ben dispars. La primera història és la de la precarietat i les dificultats en l’accés a l’habitatge. Per a una part important de la població cada cop és més difícil comprar o llogar un habitatge. Els preus de l’habitatge han crescut notablement, sobretot a les grans urbs, mentre que els ingressos dels ciutadans i les llars no ho han fet al mateix ritme. La segona història és la de l’acumulació de propietats. L’habitatge a Espanya ha estat i continua sent una forma d’estalvi, d’inversió i d’especulació per a petits i grans propietaris. Les llars amb més recursos econòmics van aprofitar la caiguda dels preus de l’habitatge durant la crisi financera per acumular propietats. Aquestes dues històries ens condueixen a la següent pregunta: Quines han estat les conseqüències en la desigualtat dels canvis en la propietat d’immobles? En aquest Perspectives Demogràfiques, analitzem com està connectada l’evolució del mercat immobiliari amb la desigualtat de la riquesa a Espanya. Els resultats apunten cap a una polarització en l’accés a la propietat, ja que augmenten tant les llars sense propietats com les que en tenen tres o més. Com a conseqüència, l’acumulació de propietats immobiliàries s’ha convertit en un component cada cop més significatiu de la desigualtat de riquesa.
Factores asociados que influyen en la repitencia del curso de Introducción a la Matemática, en la Facultad de Agronomía, USAC
Authors: Quintana Roca Willy Alfredo
Published: November 2021

OBJETIVO: identificar los factores asociados que influyen en la repitencia del curso de Introducción a la Matemática, en el primer semestre del año 2017, en la Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, para su atención inmediata. MÉTODO: paradigma positivista, enfoque cuantitativo, alcance descriptivo, diseño no experimental. El instrumento fue un cuestionario de 53 factores identificados con la posibilidad de incidir en la repitencia del curso de introducción a la matemática. Los mismos se categorizaron de la siguiente forma: 1) Preparación preuniversitaria, 2) Condiciones personales, 3) Apoyo familiar, 4) Factor económico, 5) Hábitos de estudio, 6) Metodología docente y 7) Apoyo institucional. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva que evidencia las frecuencias de aparición de los factores asociados, e inferencial a través de la prueba de Ji cuadrada de Pearson, para establecer la existencia de una correlación entre los factores evaluados y el rendimiento académico RESULTADOS: se encontraron 10 factores de un total de 53, que evidenciaron significancia. CONCLUSIÓN: el factor de mayor influencia en el rendimiento académico fue la forma de ser del docente.
Ajuste académico y bienestar psicológico en estudiantes de la universidad pública de Guatemala
Authors: González Aguilar Donald W.
Published: November 2021

OBJETIVO: determinar la asociación del bienestar psicológico en ajuste académico de los estudiantes de la universidad pública de Guatemala. MÉTODO: el enfoque del estudio fue cuantitativo, no experimental, de corte transversal y alcance correlacional predictivo. Se utilizó la escala de bienestar psicológico de Ryff y la Medida de Participación Escolar. RESULTADOS: se evaluaron 347 estudiantes de la universidad pública de Guatemala. La edad M = 22 (SD = 2.09), 228 (65.70 %) mujeres. La razón de posibilidades (OR) para un indicador alto de bienestar psicológico fue de 1.511 (IC 95% 2.881 - 7.131) asociado al ajuste académico, con una varianza explicada de 16.50 % (Nagelkerke R²). El modelo fue significativo (p < .001). CONCLUSIÓN: quienes tienen indicadores altos de bienestar psicológico y ajuste académico tienden a involucrarse en su universidad, en actividades positivas, dedican su tiempo libre a desarrollar su potencial académico y su motivación para participar en actividades dentro o fuera del aula. Además, mejorarán su capacidad, competencia y valores, ayudándolos a transitar de mejor forma a la vida profesional.
El proceso de escritura académica en estudiantes universitarios de primer año
Authors: Saénz Domínguez Laura
Published: November 2021

OBJETIVO: analizar la importancia que le dan los estudiantes al proceso de escritura académica y proporcionar estrategias que pueden orientar a los docentes en la tarea de enseñar a escribir. MÉTODO: el instrumento que se utiliza es la Encuesta Europea sobre la Escritura Académica (EEEA), en específico la dimensión de proceso de escritura, la cual consta de 13 ítems. Los sujetos encuestados son 183 estudiantes de primer año quienes expresaron qué tan importante es el proceso de escritura académica y sus características. RESULTADOS: de todo el proceso de composición existe menos énfasis en la planificación, y leer y evitar el plagio fueron los ítems que consideraron más importantes. CONCLUSIÓN: comprender la percepción que tienen los estudiantes respecto al proceso de composición permite tomar acciones que contribuyan a que gestionen estrategias de planificación, textualización y revisión durante su recorrido universitario
Educación especial: aportaciones de la neuropsicología
Authors: Ortiz Moncada Gerardo , Chávez Venegas Silvia , Cruz Pérez Felipe , Soto Calderón Ronald , Galindo Aldana Gilberto Manuel , Aoki Morantte Ana Shizue , Mandujano Baeza Elizabeth , Martínez Domínguez Alejandro , García Jaime Ricardo , Ortiz Moncada Gerardo
Published: November 2021

El reto de este libro es el de poder integrar la neuropsicología infantil con la educación especial. Este vinculo ha sido gradualmente formulado por especialistas de ambas áreas, quienes han coincidido en diversos espacios académicos. quizas no estemos en un acuerdo pleno entorno a esta categoría de "integración" ya que en muchos de los casos ha conducido a mayor exclusión al no dejar de ser una categoría que refiere a un parámetro de lo normal.
Perspectivas dos visitantes sobre o Bosque da Ciência (Manaus, Amazonas) como um espaço facilitador de educação ambiental
Authors: Silva Nogueira David , Silva de Souza Nunes Gabriel , De Albuquerque Ribeiro Simão Maria Olívia
Published: November 2021

Atividades de educação ambiental devem envolver pessoas com as causas ambientais, que transcendam o espaço escolar, pois isso permite que o estudante se comporte como sujeito ativo de seu conhecimento, podendo aplica-los na prática cotidiana. O fragmento florestal amazônico do Bosque da Ciência (Manaus, AM), que é um espaço destinado à divulgação científica e educação ambiental com uma boa estrutura física para atrair vários visitantes. Assim sendo, esse estudo teve por objetivo verificar a efetividade do espaço do Bosque da Ciência como veículo para a educação ambiental de seus visitantes. Pudemos perceber que a maioria dos visitantes tem preferência por estar em ambientes naturais, em contato direto com a natureza. Além disso, foi possível percebermos alguns aspectos que os visitantes do Bosque da Ciência possuíam antes da realização do passeio, onde foram apontadas possíveis melhorias.
Educação ambiental escolar para o semiárido paraibano
Authors: Aquino Correia João , José Pegado Abílio Francisco
Published: November 2021

A Caatinga encontra-se entre os biomas que mais sofrem mudanças devido à intervenção humana. Nesse sentido, a educação ambiental, pode contribuir de significativamente para a formação de sujeitos críticos e atuantes. Todavia, é necessário conhecer as percepções ambientais para a potencial otimização do processo educativo. Diane disso, a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa com elementos quantitativos, a presente pesquisa objetivou diagnosticar percepções ambientais prévias de 30 discentes da 1ª e 2ª série do ensino médio em uma escola pública situanda Caatinga paraibana. Os dados foram coletados  por meio de um questionário, categorizados de acordo com a análise de conteúdo. A maioria dos alunos apresenta: uma perespecgtiva onde o homem e natureza estão dissociados, dificuldade em formular os conceitos de preservação, conservação ambiental e ecologia todavia, demonstram conhecer representantes da fauna e flora. A partir do reconhecimento das demandas dos educandos pode-se contextualizar os processos educativos para a região.
Ações envolvendo a educação ambiental nas Cátedras, Centro e Instituto Paulo Freire do Brasil
Authors: SILVA ALEXSANDRO ALBERTO DA , ARAÚJO MONICA LOPES FOLENA
Published: November 2021

As Cátedras, Centro e Instituto Paulo Freire tornam-se espaços de programas, pesquisas, reuniões de grupos de pesquisa, cursos, eventos, fomentos de políticas públicas sociais, educativas e econômicas para contribuir com o desenvolvimento sustentável do planeta, sobre a não dicotomia homem-natureza, educação-sociedade, teoria-prática, formador-educando. Este estudo objetiva analisar a influência do pensamento de Paulo Freire nas ações desenvolvidas pelas Cátedras, Centro e Instituto Paulo Freire do Brasil envolvendo a Educação Ambiental. De abordagem qualitativa e método descritivo, os dados da pesquisa foram coletados nos respectivos sites disponíveis desses espaços. Os resultados apontaram que esses espaços formativos desempenham importante papel na formação de uma identidade socioambiental sustentável, pois proporcionam aos atores envolvidos a reflexão sobre o verdadeiro diálogo, pensamento crítico-humanizado e emancipatório, graças à troca entre cátedra-universidade-escola-sociedade.
Entre o bélico e o diplomático
Authors: Pagan Alice
Published: November 2021

Refleti sobre as características dos elementos não racionais da aprendizagem e suas contribuições a um ensino de biologia para o autoconhecimento. Primeiramente apresentei algumas das limitações do modelo de ciência bélica, embasada na racionalidade, fazendo uma provocação sobre a necessidade de transiciona-la para um modelo com características femininas e diplomáticas. Por fim, trouxe propostas para pensarmos o contexto pandêmico, a partir dessa  perspectiva. Concluí que feminilizar a ciência não é simplesmente formar mulheres para serem cientistas, é agregar as habilidades femininas para esse fazer, construindo assim relações ecossociais diplomáticas em detrimento daquelas bélicas, da ciência patriarcal colonizadora. A partir dessa perspectiva pensando em reduzirmos as vulnerabilidades frente ao COVID-19, é fundamental refletirmos sobre os afetos que emergem das relações interespecíficas. Isso começa a ser possível quando passamos a considerar um ensino-aprendizagem que se coloque para além da racionalidade, que passe pela fruição, pelas conexões afetivas e viscerais com o planeta.
Do paradigma da dominação para o paradigma da coexistência
Authors: Escorsi Valério Mairon , Cristina Hammes Elisabete
Published: November 2021

Este artigo surge de um estudo que busca encontrar a lógica intrínseca na produção de conhecimento de um dos povos nativos que sobreviveu ao extermínio, e hoje, após 500 anos de dominação, acessa o ensino superior. O povo Kaingang possui uma organização cosmológica diferenciada daquela que origina a ciência hegemônica. No lugar de dualidades opositoras, constrói sentidos e significados em dualidades complementares. Este e outros diferenciais podem contribuir significativamente para caminharmos para um outro paradigma, onde dualidades e hierarquias perdem o sentido, e a razão. Muito mais do que um objeto de uso e exploração, a natureza é nossa casa. Reencontrar o caminho de casa é uma tarefa possível, desde que estejamos abertos a permitir outras percepções, e relações com os seres que habitam o planeta.
Educação Ambiental Desde El Sur
Authors: Rufino Luiz Rufino , Renaud Camargo Daniel , Sánchez Celso
Published: November 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar algumas reflexões teóricas para pensar a educação ambiental a partir de uma perspectiva biocósmica, tendo como bases o caminho das pedagogias de encruzilhadas e uma discussão crítica sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável, para aportar em uma educação ambiental contextualizada às realidades do Sul global. Introduzimos a ideia da terrexistência como um imperativo para o re-encantamento da educação ambiental e, consequentemente, a produção de uma vertente Desde El Sur. Defendemos, portanto, a possibilidade do re-encantamento como política da vida, para a produção de abordagens capazes de enfrentar a batalha da descolonização das propostas de educação ambiental.
Adequando a tecnologia para a emancipação
Authors: Urban Samuel Penteado , Von Linsingen Irlan , Miranda de Moura Tamara
Published: November 2021

O presente texto tem como objetivo relatar a experiência acerca da primeira edição do curso de extensão 'Saberes e resistências em tempos de pandemia', realizado junto a Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, por meio de aulas síncronas (lives), veículadas através da plataforma YouTube. Considerando que a presente atividade foi realizada por meio da utilização da Tecnologia Convencional/Capitalista, foi possível pensá-la como possibilidade contra hegemônica no sentido da adequação socio-técnica, levando em conta a ampliação dos processos sócio inclusivos. Os conteúdos apresentados tiveram como pano de fundo o diálogo de saberes de diversas áreas de conhecimento e o atual contexto de pandemia.
The benzene impact on programmed death of sperm cell
Authors: Dolgikh Oleg V. , Dianova Dina G. , Alikina Inga N. , Krivtsov Alexander V.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Benzene and its derivatives enter organism from the natural environment are the sources of constant health danger, including reproductive system disorders. Purpose of the study. In vitro study of the modifying effect of benzene on the indices controlling the apoptosis of sperm cells. Materials and methods. The study includes data on 27 men from 41 to 51 years of age, apparently healthy, not in contact with harmful factors, and living in relatively favourable conditions. Using flow cytometry in the ejaculated semen, we determined CD25+ and CD95+ markers, p53, bax, caspase-3 activity, percentage of AnnexinV-FITC+PI-, and AnnexinV-FITC+PI+-spermatozoa. The seminal fluid samples were incubated with benzene at a concentration of 0.001 µg/ml (experimental samples) for 72 hours at 370C to evaluate the effect of aromatic hydrocarbons on the indices controlling the apoptosis. Sperm samples incubated under identical conditions without benzene addition were used as control samples. Results. p53 content, caspase-3 activity, and the number of dead male germ cells (AnnexinV-FITC+PI+-spermatozoa) were found to decrease statistically significantly (p=0.023-0.026) in experimental semen samples after the addition of benzene (by 50% of the initial levelon average). At the same time, the addition of benzene to the ejaculated semen samples did not change the early activation profile of gametes (according to CD25+ criteria), cells readiness to start FAS-dependent apoptosis (CD95+), and the number of spermatozoa marked for death by apoptosis (AnnexinV-FITC+PI- - spermatozoa). Conclusion. The results of immunological testing demonstrated that in vitro system benzene inhibits apoptosis and interferes with gamete life cycle . On the example of benzene, it was been demonstrated that haptenic contamination could alter sperm fertility associated with an imbalance of proapoptotic factors and impair ed male reproductive system function. The indices of programmed cell death bax, p53, caspase-3, CD25-positive, FAS-positive, AnnexinV-FITC+PI--sperm, and AnnexinV-FITC+PI+-sperm in the ejaculate are recommended for diagnosis and monitoring of sperm fertility disorders.
Current aspects of occupational hearing loss in agricultural workers
Authors: Bezrukova Galina A. , Spirin Vladimir F. , Novikova Tamara A.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Agricultural workers belong to the cohort of increased risk of developing occupational hearing loss (OHL). When studying occupational sensorineural hearing loss (SHL), researchers usually limit themselves to stating its share in the structure of occupational diseases without a comprehensive analysis of the initiating occupational factors and the relationship between the development of the disease with the age of employees and occupational experience. Materials and methods. The study is based on data on working conditions and occupational diseases by type of economic activity “Agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming” in the Saratov region from 2000 to 2019. The assessment of the factors of working conditions was carried out using the methods of the current hygienic classification. Generally accepted indicators were used to characterize occupational diseases. Linear regression analysis and polynomial equations were used to describe trend models of the prevalence of occupational diseases. Calculations and data analysis was carried out based on Microsoft Excel and Statistica application software packages. Results. Occupational hearing loss occupied the fourth rank after dorsopathies, vibration disease and chronic brucellosis in the nosological structure of accumulated occupational diseases. The level of primary incidence of SHL was in the range of 0.11 - 0.71 per 10000 workers. All cases of OHL were detected in agricultural machine operators whose harmful working conditions were characterized by a synergy of industrial noise (classes 3.1-3.3) and general vibration (classes 2-3.2). For the most part, SHL was diagnosed in workers aged 50 to 60 years with a work experience of 8 to 42 years in the profession and acted as the second or third concomitant occupational disease associated with dorsopathy, vibration disease or bronchopulmonary diseases. Conclusion. The absence of a statistically significant decrease in the level of PPP among agricultural workers during the observation period indicates the insufficient effectiveness of preventive measures to minimise occupational noise exposure.
Osteopathy incidence in children and adolescents consuming drinking water with high content of natural strontium
Authors: Shtina Irina E. , Maklakova Olga A. , Valina Svetlana L. , Ustinova Olga Y.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Excessive intake of heavy metals of natural origin with drinking water increases the risk of the formation of non-infectious diseases of systems and organs, depending on the tropism of the chemical compound. The aim is to study the incidence of disorders of bone density and structure (osteopathies) in children and adolescents who consume drinking water with an increased strontium content due to the geochemical characteristics of the territory. Materials and methods. The observation group consisted of 93 children living in a geochemical province with a stable strontium content of more than 2 MPC in the centralized drinking water supply system. The comparison group included 148 children living in an area where strontium concentration in drinking water does not exceed 1 MPC. The incidence evaluation was carried out according to the official data of statistical materials. The analysis of the average values of the concentration in the blood of strontium, ionized calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase activity and the frequency of deviations from the norm of the studied parameters was carried out in the studied groups. The value of bone mineral density (Z-index) was determined according to the results of ultrasonic densitometry. Results. The level of long-term incidence of osteopathies for the period 2010-2019 in children and adolescents, the observation area was 6.59 ± 1.32 and 11.26 ± 2.07 ‰, respectively, which was 1.8 and 2.0 times higher than the level of the comparison territory (p = 0.0003-0.0004 ). The concentration of strontium in the blood of children living in the territory of the geochemical province exceeded 2.1 times the permissible reference (p <0.001) and 2.9 times the index of the comparison group (p = 0.0001). In ¾ children of the observation group, increased content of strontium in the blood was recorded, which was 5.2 times more often than the comparison area (p <0.001). In 57% of cases, the children of the observation group had a reduced level of ionized calcium in the blood (p = 0.0001). Low bone mineral density (Z-index) in the observation group occurred 2.3 times more often (17.2 versus 7.4%, p = 0.019). Significant dependences were established by lowering the level of ionized calcium and the value of the Z-index with increasing strontium content in the blood. Conclusion. In children living in geochemical provinces with an elevated strontium content, an increase in the incidence of osteopathy was noted, manifested by a reduced level of ionized calcium in the blood and low bone mineral density, which must be taken into account for the timely diagnosis and prevention of these conditions.
Features of bioaccumulation and toxic effects of copper (II) oxide nanoparticles under repeated inhalation exposure in rats
Authors: Zaitseva Nina V. , Zemlyanova Marina A. , Stepankov Mark S. , Ignatova Anna M. , Nikolaeva Alena E.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Active use in various spheres of economic activity, large-scale production and the availability of data on toxicity determine the relevance of studying the effects of copper (II) oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on the body during inhalation exposure. Material and Methods. The size, surface area, and pore volume of CuO NPs were determined. The study and assessment of biochemical and hematological parameters of blood, the degree of bioaccumulation of nanomaterial, pathomorphological changes in organs of rats exposed to CuO NPs were carried out. The studies were carried out in comparison with a microsized analogue (CuO MPs). Results. The size of CuO NPs in the composition of the native powder is 305.00 times less than that of CuO MPs. The surface area and pore volume are 9.61 and 9.33 times larger, respectively. After exposure to CuO NPs in the blood of rats relative to the control, the levels of activity of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, LDH, amylase, AOA, MDA and the concentration of CRP increased by 1.49-2.23 times, the content of urea decreased by 1.41 times; relative number of eosinophils, leukocyte count, RDW by 1.31-5.39 times increased, relative number of segmented neutrophils decreased by 1.37 and monocytes by 1.42 times. The effect of NPs, in comparison with MPs, is more pronounced in increasing the activity of ALT, AST, LDH, MDA and the concentration of CRP by 1.25-1.68 times and in reducing the concentration of urea by 1.21 times; in increase the relative number of eosinophils by 2.37 and the count of leukocytes by 1.61 times. The concentration of copper under the action of NPs increases relative to the control in the lungs, liver, stomach, intestines and kidneys by 1.59-6.99 times. The degree of bioaccumulation of nanoparticles is 1.20-2.12 times higher than that of microparticles in the lungs, liver, stomach, and kidneys. Conclusion. Functional and pathomorphological changes caused by CuO NPs are more pronounced in the lungs, stomach, and small intestine in comparison with microparticles. It was confirmed that the studied CuO particles are nanomaterials. They have a more pronounced bioaccumulation and toxic effect relative to the microdispersed analogue.
THE RIGHT TO ACQUIRE THE MOTHER'S NATIONALITY
Authors: MAHMOOD Hiba Thamer
Published: November 2021

Acquiring the mother's nationality is a human right in general and the rights of the mother and child in particular stipulated in international conventions and the Iraqi constitution in force for the year 2005, in addition, the Iraqi Nationality Law stipulates the mother’s right to transmit nationality to her children, but according to conditions previously set by the Iraqi legislature, because it helps to reduce the issue of statelessness, is considered one of the important and contemporary jurisprudence topics, which stirred controversy among legal jurists between supporters and opponents, especially Islamic law jurists because the child is attributed to his father, and the state legislations differed in it, as well as in the legal implications of acquiring the mother’s nationality, including dual nationality, applicable law, inheritance issues and other Private international law matters. Therefore, the research dealt with the topic according to the comparative approach in two topics, the first study on the child's right to the nationality of his mother and was divided into two demands, the first requirement is what is the mother’s nationality, and the second requirement is about equality in the right to acquire a nationality, while the second topic examined the foundations of acquiring the mother’s nationality In the Iraqi Nationality Law, it was divided into two topics: The first requirement is the cases of acquiring the mother’s nationality in the Iraqi Nationality Law. The second requirement relates to how to acquire the mother’s nationality and its implications. Through the foregoing, where a number of results and proposals have been reached, we found that the transmit of nationality from the mother to the child born in the territory of a state would be beneficial in the event that the father's nationality had been rejected for political reasons, the issue of granting nationality by the mother to her children helped in the transfer of inheritance from the mother to the children and the acquisition of ownership, especially real estate, which states require the foreigner to have multiple conditions for approval of ownership, where countries have to unify their legislation regarding the mother's right to grant citizenship to her children based on the right of blood to limit the problems of international law, such as the issue of determining the applicable law, Actual nationality and other matters‎‎. Keywords: Mother's Nationality, Human Rights, Gender Equality, Acquisition of Nationality, Discrimination Against Women, International Conventions
SAINT AUGUSTINE: HIS LIFE AND INTELLECTUAL SOURCES
Authors: MOUAS Nora
Published: November 2021

In this article, we aim to introduce the most prominent thinkers who emerged from the medieval period - the Christian fathers - and he is St. Augustine (354-430 AD), the most important philosophers and thinkers representing moral thought and one of the most prominent who occupied the moral problem. St. Augustine is a central figure in Christianity and the history of thought. Western alike, his name has dominated Western thought, and has not lost its luster to this day. St. Augustine immortalized his name in world history thanks to his political, religious and intellectual ideas. He is a religious man. He has his position and is revered and appreciated throughout the Christian world, especially in the world of thought. Therefore, there is no doubt that the stations of his life, his intellectual sources, and his sayings have weight, value, and influence, and a sense from us of this. Weight and Impact We saw that we take up this great character. In this research, we want to shed light on the personality of St. Augustine, who represented the Christian thought in that era, trying to focus on his life's path, highlighting the most important major milestones in his life and his intellectual sources‎‎. Keywords: The Middle Ages, Augustine, Berber, His Life, Confessions
MODAL LOGIC BETWEEN TRADITIONNAL (ARISTOTLE, IBN SINA) AND CONTEMPORARY APPROACH
Authors: NEGRI Yamina , ZIDANI Farid
Published: November 2021

Aristotle founded the science of logic in order to control language source of fallacies and sophistry. He built his syllogistic on two basic principles: non-contradiction and the excluded middle. He distinguished between different types of statements: declarative and non-declarative, only the first type was used in syllogism’s theory, because it is a tool of demonstrative science. He divided them, declarative statement, into two categories: Assertorics, and modals (necessary, possible, contingent, impossible) which he encountered difficulties in his logical analysis, because it is out of frame two valued according to the two principles, such as propositions that occur in the future whose cannot be determined now. This kind of statement was also treated by the Muslims logicians, especially Ibn Sīnā who expanded the modal concept to other field like Temporal modalities (always, sometimes, never), but he could not get out the Aristotelian context. The concept expended in contemporary logic system to include other sort of modality like: epistemological, deontic, tense … This resulted the emergence of contemporary logical systems, (epistemic logic, deontic logic, tense logic), whose approach differs from the traditional one. The propose of the article is to show the difference between the approaches Keywords: Logic; Modality; Epistemological; Deontic, Temporal; Truth; False.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SULTAN ABDUL HAMID II AND MIDHAT PASHA (NOVEMBER 1876-FEBRUARY 1877)‎‎
Authors: AL TAEE Seenaa Jasim Mohammed Seenaa Jasim
Published: November 2021

At the beginning of the eighteenth century, the Ottoman Empire witnessed ‎attempts to reform the political, economic, military, and social systems ‎according to the European style. Reforms emerged clearly in the ‎nineteenth century, resulting in a conflict between opponents and ‎supporters of reform. Among the manifestations of that dispute was ‎between Sultan Abdul Hamid II, who opposes reform, and Midhat Pasha, ‎who supports reforms. The research was divided into an introduction, a ‎conclusion, and three axes. The first axis dealt with the starting of the ‎development of views between Sultan Abdul Hamid II and Midhat Pasha. ‎As for the second one, it was the role of Midhat Pasha during the reign of ‎Sultan Abdul Hamid II. While the third axis discussed the political ‎position of Midhat Pasha after he was appointed as the (Grand Vizier). ‎The research came out with a set of important conclusions‎‎‎‎. Keywords: The Ottoman Empire, the politician, Medhat Pasha, Sultan Abdul Hamid.
MONEY, WEALTH, AND SOCIAL CLASSES IN IBN KHALDUN'S THOUGH
Authors: AL MASHHADANI Mohammed Yassin
Published: November 2021

That money and wealth in the thought of Ibn Khaldun had deduced it from Islamic ‎economic thought, so he relied on the Holy Qur’an and the honorable Sunnah of the ‎Prophet, and that money in Islamic Sharia is the provision that God Almighty brings ‎to his servants, he did not specify the way he commanded his servants, but said: (God ‎provides for whom He wills without reckoning), and since Ibn Khaldun divided this ‎money and wealth in the way he saw it, he made the owners of prestige more money ‎and wealth, and those who lacked prestige are less money and wealth, and that this ‎division classified society into a wealthy owner and some of them are less than that ‎and some of them live the subsistence limit of The livelihood, those who have high ‎positions in the emirate and the Sultan are the owners of money and wealth and those ‎who are less than them work in trade, and these are business owners but they do not ‎have the prestige that earns them money, and those who work in the Imamate, oratory ‎and fatwas are less fortunate than others in earning money and wealth, and God ‎Almighty. I know that‎‎. Keywords: Ibn Khaldun, Money, Wealth, Prestige‎.