bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Symbolic Meaning of Traditional Jamu Packages at Nguter According to Semiotics Charles Sanders Peirce
Authors: Andriyana Nova
Published: January 2025

Jamu made from processed herbal plants has become an alternative treatment option for the Javanese people to prevent and alleviate disease symptoms. Attractive packaging of herbal products can create a positive visual impression, encouraging consumers to try them. This study examines eight jamu packages incorporating elements of Javanese culture, interpreting the meanings they convey. Examples of the analyzed names include Sri Putih, Sari Asih, Sari Asmara, Arum Bulan, Candra Dewi, Sepet Wangi, Super Semar Turmeric Powder, and Candik Ayu. The article also investigates the context behind the use of icons, symbols, and indexes on the packaging. The names of the jamu packages are derived from the Bausastra dictionary, considering the basic meanings used in naming these products. Ultimately, the study concludes that jamu packaging carries symbolic meanings based on Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotic method, which suggests to potential consumers the benefits of the products. These symbolic meanings can influence consumers through the icons, symbols, and indices on the packaging.
Developing Effective Protocols to Protect Farmworkers from Heat Stress and Illness While Working in Polytunnels
Authors: Kaser Isabella , Valdes-Berriz Maripaula , Schilder Annemiek C. , McGuire Maureen , Carpenter Catherine , Brokaw Ellen , Dimock Michael , Solomon Gina M.
Published: January 2025

Highlights

Farmworkers are at high risk of heat-related illness, especially those working in polytunnels.

There is a gap in knowledge regarding working conditions inside polytunnels.

Polytunnels are prevalent in California’s Central Coast region.

Recommendations to reduce the risk of heat-related illness among workers in polytunnels were formulated.

Abstract. Polytunnels—also known as hoop houses—are used worldwide to grow certain crops year-round, primarily to protect plants from precipitation and cool temperatures. Farmworkers may be at increased risk in polytunnels due to higher temperatures and relative humidity. In the Central Coast region of California, polytunnels are commonly used to grow berries and other crops, but information on measures used to reduce heat stress in farmworkers working in polytunnels or how many workers are potentially exposed to these conditions is scarce. The purpose of this study was to: (1) estimate the area under polytunnels and the number of workers in them in California’s Central Coast region; (2) assess current practices to manage heat and protect workers in polytunnels; and (3) use this information to develop proposed best practices for protecting farmworkers in polytunnels. Using satellite imagery and crop production records, the area under polytunnels in the region was estimated at 5,162 ha with a conservatively estimated 46,000 farmworkers. Through key informant interviews, we found that farms are generally following OSHA worker safety regulations. However, additional measures may be needed to protect workers because environmental conditions inside polytunnels are variable and difficult to predict. For instance, wet bulb globe temperature would be a more accurate measure of heat stress risk than temperature alone. We propose recommendations that follow the hierarchy of controls to reduce the risk of heat-related illness among workers inside these structures. Keywords: Keywords.,Agricultural health and safety, Farmworker health, Heat illness prevention recommendations, Hoop houses, Polytunnels.
Performance analysis of fully generalized spatial modulation based on FSO–MIMO system
Authors: Gan Yuanyuan , Wu Minghong , Xiong Yongkang , Zhou Jiaxin , Han Yishi
Published: January 2025

Optical spatial modulation (OSM) in free-space optical (FSO) systems can enhance channel capacity and fading resistance. However, the system’s BER performance and spatial resource utilization are severely constrained in complex channel environments. To address this issue, this paper proposes a fully generalized spatial modulation (FGSM)-FSO system under the joint channel effects, such as atmospheric turbulence, pointing error, and atmospheric attenuation. The upper bound of the BER of the system is derived to account for joint channel effects. The influence of key factors, such as the number of optical antennas, modulation signal order, turbulence intensity, and pointing error intensity, is analyzed. Additionally, a Sorenson similarity coefficient selection algorithm is proposed to optimize the utilization of optical antennas. By adaptively selecting antenna combinations, the algorithm reduces complexity while improving BER performance and spatial resource efficiency. All analytical results are validated with Monte Carlo simulation. Simulation results demonstrate that the FGSM–FSO system can be further improved by optimizing the number of transmitter and receiver optical antennas and modulation order. The proposed scheme outperforms traditional FGSM in different turbulence conditions.
The π phase in polarization optics: retrospective
Authors: Arteaga Oriol , Bosch Salvador
Published: January 2025

This paper analyzes the π phase in polarization optics, tracing its origins to Fresnel’s foundational contributions. In optical experiments involving polarized light, this phase can be interpreted as an indeterminacy arising in two principal forms: (1) as a π phase shift affecting only one polarization component, often dictated by convention based on the choice of the coordinate system (e.g., in defining handedness for circularly polarized light), and (2) as a geometric phase that equally influences both polarization components. Unlike the convention-dependent π-phase, the geometric phase cannot be directly measured using standard polarization techniques and instead emerges through interference effects. Using the Mueller and Jones matrix formalisms, this retrospective study examines the mathematical basis of these phase shifts and their implications in modern optical systems. The analysis underscores the importance of π phases in Fresnel’s original work and their relevance to contemporary polarization optics, linking historical concepts to current technological applications.
Optimization and applications of air-plasma dynamic aperture-based terahertz microscopy
Authors: Gao Ziyuan , Wang Xinke , Sun Wenfeng , Ye Jiasheng , Han Peng , Feng Shengfei , He Zehao , Zhang Yan
Published: January 2025

Terahertz (THz) microscopy has become an important far-infrared inspection method because it possesses a high spatial resolution and retains THz spectral information. For further exploiting applications of THz microscopy, we propose an air-plasma dynamic aperture-based THz near-field technique to achieve sub-wavelength THz imaging without approaching a sample surface. In this work, the measurement mode of the technique was improved and a corresponding data processing method was applied to upgrade the system performances. By utilizing the proposed method, the measurement time was reduced about 4 times and the signal-to-noise ratio of the system was enhanced more than 6 times compared to the previous one. Utilizing the superiorities of the system, three unique application functions were demonstrated, including imaging of isolated objects, identifying semifluid chemicals, and characterizing a semifluid surface. The work effectively promoted the maturation of the imaging technique and greatly broadened the applications of THz microscopy in fundamental research and industrial inspection.
Lithium niobate modulator from room temperature to cryogenic conditions
Authors: Chang Chang , Hou Xiaoyu , Huang Weixiong , Zhang Aoxue , Sun Yuhan , Li Haolan , Shen Li , Xu Xiaochuan , Zou Yi
Published: January 2025

Electro-optical (EO) modulators with lithium niobate waveguide are essential components in modern communication systems and quantum photonic applications. With the advancement of cryogenic photonic integrated circuits, they have become critical for cryogenic photonic readout, enabling massive data transfer from superconducting electronics to room temperature environments. Here, we demonstrate an integrated modulator based on a thin-film lithium niobate platform. The designed modulator achieves a tuning efficiency (
V

π

 · 
L
) of 3.84 V·cm at room temperature. To investigate the relationship between half-wave voltage and temperature, we gradually reduce the temperature and observe a 70% increase in
V

π

at 8 K. Additionally, we report on the photorefractive effect at different temperatures. High-speed data transmission is successfully demonstrated at 8.5 K, showing the modulator’s capability to operate across a wide temperature range, from room temperature to cryogenic conditions.
An extreme mutational hotspot in nlpD depends on transcriptional induction of rpoS
Authors: Farr Andrew D. , Vasileiou Christina , Lind Peter A. , Rainey Paul B.
Published: January 2025

Mutation rate varies within and between genomes. Within genomes, tracts of nucleotides, including short sequence repeats and palindromes, can cause localised elevation of mutation rate. Additional mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we report an instance of extreme mutational bias in Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 associated with a single base-pair change in nlpD. These mutants frequently evolve in static microcosms, and have a cell-chaining (CC) phenotype. Analysis of 153 replicate populations revealed 137 independent instances of a C565T loss-of-function mutation at codon 189 (CAG to TAG (Q189*)). Fitness measures of alternative nlpD mutants did not explain the deterministic evolution of C565T mutants. Recognising that transcription can be mutagenic, and that codon 189 overlaps with a predicted promoter (rpoSp) for the adjacent stationary phase sigma factor, rpoS, transcription across this promoter region was measured. This confirmed rpoSp is induced in stationary phase and that C565T mutation caused significant elevation of transcription. The latter provided opportunity to determine the C565T mutation rate using a reporter-gene fused to rpoSp. Fluctuation assays estimate the C565T mutation rate to be ~5,000-fold higher than expected. In Pseudomonas, transcription of rpoS requires the positive activator PsrA, which we show also holds for SBW25. Fluctuation assays performed in a ∆psrA background showed a ~60-fold reduction in mutation rate confirming that the elevated rate of mutation at C565T mutation rate is dependent on induction of transcription. This hotspot suggests a generalisable phenomenon where the induction of transcription causes elevated mutation rates within defining regions of promoters.
Rabies seropositive individuals, dogs, and healthcare professionals without prior vaccination in four Brazilian Indigenous communities
Authors: Ribeiro Matheus Lopes , Appolinario Camila Michele , Ribeiro Bruna Letícia Devidé , Farinhas João Henrique , Doline Fernando Rodrigo , Barone Gisely Toledo , Conselheiro Juliana Amorim , Santarém Vamilton Alvarés , Biondo Leandro Meneguelli , dos Santos Andrea Pires , Giuffrida Rogério , Kmetiuk Louise Bach , Biondo Alexander Welker , Megid Jane
Published: January 2025

Indigenous communities are reportedly among the most vulnerable populations exposed to rabies worldwide. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess rabies serum titers from healthy Indigenous individuals, their dogs, and healthcare professionals of four Indigenous communities from São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil. Blood samples were collected, and an epidemiological questionnaire applied. The samples were processed by Fluorescent Antibody Virus Neutralization (FAVN) method. Overall, 35/299 (11.7%) individuals and 22/166 (13.2%) dogs without prior vaccination were seropositive. Furthermore, 4/18 (16.7%) healthcare professionals were seropositive, with only one reporting prior rabies vaccination. The lack of rabies titers in the remaining 14/18 (77.8%) healthcare professionals indicates no immune protection. Seropositivity was associated with being from the Kopenoty community (p = 0.026) and with owners reporting seeing their dogs in contact with bats (p = 0.022). In summary, these results should be considered as a warning for the risk of human-dog rabies exposure and infection, mainly due to bat contact.
O Reino de Portugal em 1527 - Volume I: Os contratos das sisas Contexto histórico e corpo documental
Authors: Gomes Saul António
Published: January 2025

Oferece-se ao leitor, com a presente obra, a edição e contextualização histórica de 232 contratos de venda das sisas realizados, no entorno do ano de 1527, pela Coroa com uma boa parte dos municípios portugueses. Esta documentação ocupa oito grandes tombos de uma série específica da chancelaria do rei D. João III, investimento arquivístico muito significativo na constituição de um corpo documental assaz relevante, nomeadamente pelos custos e meios envolvidos, o qual denuncia o reconhecimento, por parte da Coroa, da importância da decisão política, tomada nas Cortes de Torres Novas, de 1525, de se proceder à transferência, sob a forma de contratos de venda, para os municípios do reino, da obrigação da cobrança das rendas das sisas de cada concelho. O interesse do estudo destes contratos de 1527 e anos subsequentes imediatos, até hoje, praticamente ignorados pela historiografia portuguesa ou só muito superficial e indiretamente aflorados, e da sua publicação, extravasa uma dimensão meramente local, descortinando-se, pela análise dos dados contidos nos contratos de venda, aspetos pertinentes à vida fiscal e económica do país naquele tempo, à sua população, povoamento, sociedade e formas de exercícios dos poderes locais na sua interseção com o poder régio central. É esta visão global do país, que a documentação em causa consente, que justifica a pertinência deste livro.
O Reino de Portugal em 1527 - Volume II: Os contratos das sisas Contexto histórico e corpo documental
Authors: Gomes Saul António
Published: January 2025

Oferece-se ao leitor, com a presente obra, a edição e contextualização histórica de 232 contratos de venda das sisas realizados, no entorno do ano de 1527, pela Coroa com uma boa parte dos municípios portugueses. Esta documentação ocupa oito grandes tombos de uma série específica da chancelaria do rei D. João III, investimento arquivístico muito significativo na constituição de um corpo documental assaz relevante, nomeadamente pelos custos e meios envolvidos, o qual denuncia o reconhecimento, por parte da Coroa, da importância da decisão política, tomada nas Cortes de Torres Novas, de 1525, de se proceder à transferência, sob a forma de contratos de venda, para os municípios do reino, da obrigação da cobrança das rendas das sisas de cada concelho. O interesse do estudo destes contratos de 1527 e anos subsequentes imediatos, até hoje, praticamente ignorados pela historiografia portuguesa ou só muito superficial e indiretamente aflorados, e da sua publicação, extravasa uma dimensão meramente local, descortinando-se, pela análise dos dados contidos nos contratos de venda, aspetos pertinentes à vida fiscal e económica do país naquele tempo, à sua população, povoamento, sociedade e formas de exercícios dos poderes locais na sua interseção com o poder régio central. É esta visão global do país, que a documentação em causa consente, que justifica a pertinência deste livro.
Effects of honey saccharide supplementation on growth performance, amylase enzyme activity, gut microvilli, and microbiome in Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Aryati Yani , Farastuti Ekorini , Sholichah Lili , Koesharyani Isti , Gardenia Lila , Septiningsih Early , Yamin Muhamad , Oryzanti Parwa , Puspaningsih Dewi , Sugiani Desy
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim: Prebiotics, such as saccharides in honey, play a crucial role in improving gut microbiota, digestion, and immune function. This study evaluates the effects of Kapok flower honey saccharides on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota in common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

Materials and Methods: A completely randomized design was implemented with four honey supplementation levels (0% control, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%) applied to juvenile C. carpio diets over 30 days. Growth performance, feed utilization, intestinal microvilli structure, gut microbiota, and amylase activity were analyzed using advanced techniques, including high performance liquid chromatography, scanning electron microscopy, and biochemical assays.

Results: Kapok flower honey contains fructooligosaccharides (FOS, 14.76%) and inulin (6.6%). Supplementation at 1% significantly improved weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and specific growth rate. Amylase activity increased with honey supplementation, peaking at 24.13 ± 3.11 U g⁻¹ protein for the 1% group. Gut morphology analysis revealed longer, denser intestinal microvilli and higher perimeter ratios in honey-treated groups than controls. Microbiota analysis showed increased beneficial Bacillus spp. exclusively in the honey-supplemented groups.

Conclusion: Honey saccharides, particularly FOS and inulin, significantly enhance the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, and gut health of common carp. Supplementation with 1% honey is optimal, improving feed efficiency and fostering beneficial gut microbiota. These findings highlight honey as a cost-effective, natural prebiotic for aquaculture.

Keywords: amylase, gut microbiome, honey saccharides, microvilli, prebiotics.
PRIMARY TYPE SPECIMENS OF THE MUSEUM ZOOLOGICUM BOGORIENSE (IV)
Authors: SOMADlKARTA S.
Published: January 2025

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PRIMARY TYPE SPECIMENS OF THE MUSEUM ZOOLOGICUM BOGORIENSE (V)
Authors: SOMADIKARTA S , KADARSAN S , DJAJASASMITA M.
Published: January 2025

abstract not available
NEW RECORD OF Synhimantus (Dispharynx) nasuta (RUDOLPHI, 1819) CHABAUD, 1975 (NEMATODA, ACUARIOIDEA) IN THE YELLOW VENTED BULBUL (Pycnonotus goivier) FROM EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
Authors: Dewi Kartika , Irham Mohammad , Prawiradilaga Dewi M. , Kawakami Kazuto
Published: January 2025

Abstract not available
Energy Analyses for a Steam Power Plant Operating under the Rankine Cycle
Authors: Marzouk Osama , Al Kamzari Ahmed , Al-Hatmi Tariq , AL Alawi Omer , Al-Zadjali Humaid , Al Haseed Mohammad , Al Daqaq Khaled , Al-Aliyani ABDUL Rahman , Al-Aliyani ABDUL Aziz , Al Balushi Al-yaziya , Al Shamsi Mohammed
Published: January 2025

We present a thermodynamic cycle design based on energy analyses for steam power plants (power station) when working according to the Rankine cycle. This thermodynamic cycle consists of a constant-entropy water pump, a constant-pressure water boiler, a constant-entropy steam turbine, and a constant-pressure-temperature steam condenser. We propose four states of water, representing the inlet of each of four devices in the Rankine cycle. Due to estimated losses, the net shaft (mechanical) power from the thermodynamic cycle should be 1.157 times the electric power output from the power plant. The thermodynamic cycle efficiency is 38.59%, but the power plant efficiency is 33.35%. The design is generic, and is not limited to a specific source of heat or power output. Thus, it can operate with clean energy sources (concentrated solar power or nuclear reactors), as well as with fossil fuels. The highest temperature in the cycle is 600 °C, the highest absolute pressure is 50 bar, the lowest temperature is 50.2 °C, and the lowest absolute pressure is 0.125 bar.
On the Issue of Determining the Criteria for Assigning Territories Russia to the Arctic Zone
Authors:   North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute named after N.A. Shilo FEB RAS, Galtseva Natalya
Published: January 2025

In the absence of legally approved criteria for attribution to the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, its borders have changed several times since 2014, which is due to a wide list of tax and customs benefits for investors. The feasibility of the options for the criteria proposed by various departments is considered on the example of the Arctic regions and municipalities of the non-Arctic Magadan region. It is proposed to determine the boundaries of territories requiring uniform institutional conditions as a single object of management on the basis of an integral criterion, including indicators of natural and climatic and socio-economic conditions
Modification of polymers to synthesize thermo-salt-resistant stabilizers of drilling fluids
Authors: Artykova Zhadyra , Beisenbayev Oral , Issa Aziza , Kydyraliyeva Aigul
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on the modification of polymers to synthesize thermo-salt-resistant stabilizers for drilling fluids. The objective is to enhance the thermal and salt resistance of industrial drilling fluids, properties that cannot be achieved through standard homogenization techniques. The research investigates the introduction of sulfonic acid and hydrophobic groups into polymer chains to regulate the rheological properties of drilling fluids. The synthesis involves copolymerization of acrylonitrile and vinyl sulfonic acid in an aqueous medium using potassium persulfate and sodium sulfate as initiators. The process consists of two stages: polymerization under controlled conditions and further hydrolysis and modification of polyacrylonitrile using sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, fatty acids, and formalin. The study examines the impact of pH, temperature, and initiator concentration on the yield, composition, and structure of the resulting copolymers. The results indicate that the optimal ratio of acrylonitrile to vinyl sulfonic acid is 80:20 at pH 3–6, which, combined with hydrolysis and modification, produces composite multifunctional polymer stabilizers with amide, imide, carboxylate, and sulfonic groups. These stabilizers exhibit enhanced hydrophilicity and an amorphous structure, making them effective for use in extreme drilling conditions. The synthesized multifunctional polyelectrolytes, containing sulfonic and sulfomethylated groups, demonstrate improved thermal and salt resistance, ensuring the stability and performance of drilling fluids under harsh conditions.
Unveiling the Impacts of Geopolitical Risk on the Transition to the Decentralized Financial Landscape
Authors: Kyriazis Nikolaos A. , Economou Emmanouil M. L.
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the dynamic interplay between the global geopolitical risk and eleven decentralized finance (DeFi) digital currencies during the inflationary burden caused by the Russia-Ukraine war episodes. Daily data spanning from 13 October 2021 to 29 October 2024 and the innovative Quantile-Vector Autoregressive (Q-VAR) methodology are employed for estimating the pairwise, joint and network linkages at the lower, middle and upper quantiles. High levels of geopolitical risk are more connected with bull markets of the DeFi assets and new war episodes strengthen this relation. Geopolitical tensions combined with high inflation lead to the GPR becoming major determinant of DeFi markets so contributing to the transition to the digital decentralized cashless financial system. Maker is the leading DeFi asset in this transition and constitutes a promising successor of fiat currencies that suffer from devaluation generated by conflicts.
Emotion displays in “moments of conflict” in parent-child interaction
Authors: Kim Younhee , Carlin Andrew P.
Published: January 2025

“Moments of conflict” occur regularly in daily routines within parent-child interaction. Video data of a mother attempting to ready her son for kindergarten make perspicuous the subtleties of emotion displays in negotiations for future courses of action, e.g., parental directive/non-compliance. By focusing on the interactional dynamics of emotion display in conflictual action negotiation sequences, this conversation analytic study highlights the significant role of emotion display in compliance negotiation and managing a parent-child relationship. The findings demonstrate how emotion display may constitute a social action to which co-participants in interaction respond within the progressivity of sequences of action, and how both parent and child orient to each other’s displays of emotion. Further, that emotion displays may be used as resources for negotiating compliance. Emotion display also allows parents to propose affiliation on a relational level while remaining firm on family rules. Our study contributes to the growing body of research on directive/response sequences in parent-child interaction, and more broadly to conversation analytic research on affect and emotion by illustrating the nexus between emotion display and progressivity.
Management of high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms: impact of functional imaging
Authors: Islam O , Sarti K , Verbruggen L , Vandersmissen V , Bulcke K Vanden , Annys L , Verslype C , Van Laethem J L , Kalantari H Rezaei , Janssens J , Hendlisz A , Cuyle P J , Demolin G , Decaestecker J , Geboes K , Coche J C , Van Ongeval J , Lybaert W , Peeters M , Borbath I , Vandamme T
Published: January 2025

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP NEN) exhibit substantial biological heterogeneity, impacting clinical management and outcomes. In 2019, the WHO subdivided the grade 3 (G3) neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) characterised by Ki-67 > 20% into the well-differentiated G3 neuroendocrine tumour (NET) and G3 poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) subgroups. Since this update, questions about the prognostic implications and best treatment strategies for NET G3 and NEC remain. Therefore, we initiated a real-world retrospective observational cohort study using data from 225 NEC and 58 NET G3 patients treated in Belgium. Analysis of patient and tumour characteristics and the effect of survival was conducted. Most frequent primary locations were pancreatic (32.9%) and colorectal (21.5%), and 71.8% was diagnosed with stage IV disease. Median overall survival (mOS) was higher in NET G3 (41.3 months (m)) compared to NEC (13.2m). Of those who underwent functional imaging, fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) imaging was positive in 90.6 and 95.6% of the NET G3 and NEC patients, respectively, and somatostatin receptor (SSTR) expression was seen in 97.4 and 66.0%, respectively. The latter was linked to better mOS, suggesting the added value of performing both SSTR imaging and 18F-FDG-PET for high-grade (HG) NEN to provide prognostic information and to possibly expand therapeutic options, which are currently reserved for lower-grade NEN patients. Moreover, while debated, in our population, primary surgery was performed in 92 and 73.5% of locoregional NET G3 and NEC cases, respectively, indicating that surgery can be considered in locoregional setting. Finally, platinum–etoposide was the predominant first-line treatment in metastatic NEC, with no significant survival difference between carboplatin and cisplatin.
Pajamų šaltinio ir mokesčių mokėtojo pilietybės įtaka mokestinės naštos dydžiui
Authors: Kamarauskienė Irma , Kazakevičiūtė Erika
Published: January 2025

Recognition of professional qualifications and ensuring the free movement of workforce are among the measures for implementing sustainable development. The creation of quality jobs and economic growth in individual countries motivates residents to seek employment opportunities that match their professional qualifications and provides an incentive for citizens of other countries to integrate into the local labor market. A country's tax policy must be socially responsible to ensure fair taxation for all residents. If the tax burden is too high for certain population groups, it may encourage emigration or lead to labor shortages in specific sectors. A balanced tax policy can ensure long-term sustainability, reduce social inequality, and promote social stability. This article analyzes the taxation differences between Lithuanian and non-Lithuanian citizens who receive income from employment, active self-employment, and passive commercial activities. The aim is to determine whether these differences discriminate against citizens of different countries and restrict the free movement of labor. Additionally, the study calculates the tax burden, identifies the main factors influencing it, and formulates recommendations to reduce the impact of these differences.
Connecting Coding and Clinical Reports: Oral and Dental Aspects of Child Abuse and Neglect
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: January 2025

This article reviews coding for services related to suspected or confirmed child abuse and neglect and reporting related services as discussed in “Oral and Dental Aspects of Child Abuse and Neglect: Clinical Report” (https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2024-068024). Topics include the following:

Diagnosis coding Evaluation and management (E/M) coding considerations Social determinants of health (SDOH)
Back to Basics: Hospital Care of the Normal Newborn
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: January 2025

This article reviews codes used to report care provided to a normal newborn during the birth admission, including the following topics: Defining normal newbornDiagnosis codes for normal newbornAttendance at deliveryCoding for daily visits
AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter
™ January 2025 Quiz (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: January 2025

Quiz for AAPC Continuing Education Units
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF TWO Anacroneuria SPECIES (PLECOPTERA: PERLIDAE) IN A NEOTROPICAL RIVER OF COLOMBIA
Authors: Hurtado-Borrero Yesely , Tamaris-Turizo Cesar E. , Zúñiga Maria del Carmen
Published: January 2025

Ecological studies on habitat use patterns on the distribution of Plecoptera species facilitate understanding its population dynamics. Our objective was to determine the distribution and abundance of Anacroneuria caraca Stark, 1995 and A. marta Zúñiga and Stark, 2002 in different microhabitats in the Gaira River during an annual hydrological cycle. Species were identified according to a nymph-adult association based on the male genitalia of mature and pre-emergent nymphs. Univariate analyses were performed to compare the abundance of the two species during the samplings and microhabitats. The greatest abundance of both species and the greatest number of pre-emergent nymphs were observed during the dry season and the beginning of the rainy season. Differences were not found in species abundances between samplings or microhabitats (p > 0.05); however, A. marta presented the highest abundance in the study. Regarding microhabitats, the highest abundance was recorded in the leaf litter with 638 individuals, while similar values were observed in the slow current pool and riffle with 194 and 294 individuals, respectively. This study showed that the leaf litter microhabitat is one of the most important Gaira River niches to both studied species. Additionally, the similar abundance of the two species in the leaf litter may suggest the availability of sufficient resources (food and refuge) and the superposition of niches between them.
APORTE DE LOS HÁBITOS DE CRECIMIENTO NO ARBÓREOS A LA DIVERSIDAD DE ROBLEDALES EN LA CORDILLERA ORIENTAL, COLOMBIA
Authors: Caro-Ayala Heidy Caterine , Arango-Carvajal Susana María , Suescún Diego , Alzate Fernando Alveiro , Villanueva-Tamayo Boris Stefan
Published: January 2025

Estudios florísticos desarrollados en bosques, suelen enfocarse en plantas leñosas con diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP)≥2,5 cm, por lo que componentes no arbóreos, importantes en la composición y estructura de los bosques, son excluidos del muestreo y de los análisis florísticos. En este estudio, se evalúa el aporte de los diferentes hábitos de crecimiento a la riqueza total de especies terrestres en tres robledales (bosques altoandinos dominados por Quercus humboldtii) localizados al Noroccidente de la Cordillera Oriental, Santander. Se implementó la metodología RAP modificado, la cual incluye todos los individuos con DAP<2,5 cm presentes en el lado derecho de cada transecto. En total, se registraron 769 individuos distribuidos en 38 familias de angiospermas con 133 especies, y diez familias con 37 especies de plantas monilofitas. Las especies no arbóreas representaron entre 73,9 y 87,0 % de la riqueza total terrestre, lo que evidencia su importancia en la composición, estructura y diversidad de los robledales estudiados. Resultados similares en otros robledales colombianos apoyan la inclusión de individuos con diámetros menores respecto a las metodologías tradicionales, para estimar con mayor precisión la riqueza total de especies. La riqueza y diversidad encontrada está relacionada con los diámetros muestreados y la altitud del lugar, y comparativamente presenta altos valores con respecto a otros robledales; esto valida que la ampliación del diámetro mínimo de muestreo amplia el conocimiento para la flora de un lugar constituyéndose como un instrumento útil para la generación de políticas de conservación y manejo sostenible de los bosques andinos.
BRASSINOSTEROIDS PREVENT THE CYTOKININ-INDUCED SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF COFFEE (Coffea canephora)
Authors: Souza-Perera Ramón , Jiménez-Guillen Doribet , Moreno-Jiménez Victorio , Monroy-Hernández Rubén , Zúñiga Aguilar José Juan
Published: January 2025

Plant somatic embryogenesis is a natural process that can be replicated in vitro by adding plant growth regulators. Reports indicate that the application of brassinosteroids increased the number of embryos when added to the cytokinin-induced somatic embryogenesis of Coffea arabica. Because somatic embryogenesis in the related C. canephora species is induced by cytokinins, we investigated whether brassinosteroids can also improve the embryogenic response in C. canephora. The results showed that the addition of 22(S),23(S)-homobrassinolide to C. canephora embryogenic explants prevented the establishment of the process in a dose-dependent manner, repressed the transcription of the SERK1 gene homolog and increased the conductivity and acidification of the culture medium. The opposite effects of brassinosteroids on somatic embryogenesis of C. canephora and C. arabica demonstrate that the function of plant growth regulators during in vitro somatic embryogenesis is not conserved, even within species of the same genus.
MADUREZ TESTICULAR Y CALIDAD SEMINAL DE Ichthyoelephas longirostris (Prochilodontidae) DEL MEDIO RÍO CAUCA
Authors: Montes-Petro Cesar , Yepes-Escobar Juan , Tapia-Pacheco Carlos , Madariaga Mendoza Diana , Espinosa Araujo José , Atencio-García Victor Julio
Published: January 2025

Ichthyoelephas longirostris es una especie endémica de Colombia distribuida en las cuencas Magdalena-Cauca y Ranchería que ha sido declarada en peligro de extinción. El conocimiento de su bioecología y en particular sus aspectos reproductivos son limitados; por tanto, el objetivo del estudio fue determinar el estado de madurez testicular y calidad seminal de I. longirostris del Medio río Cauca. El desarrollo testicular se estableció mediante descripción morfológica (peso, color, irrigación) e histológica de machos (n = 28; 0,78±0,14 Kg; 42,1±2,5 cm) capturados entre agosto/2020 y octubre/2021 en el Medio río Cauca (Valdivia, Colombia). Mientras que, la calidad seminal fue evaluada en machos mantenidos en cautiverio (n = 8, 0,7 ± 0,1 Kg, 40,3 ± 1,3 cm) que maduraron, fueron inducidos con 4 mg extracto hipofisiario de carpa/Kg de peso y seis horas post-inducción se colectó el semen y con un sistema de análisis asistido por computador (CASA) se evaluó la cinemática, concentración y duración de la movilidad espermática. Los testículos de I. longirostris son estructuras pares alargadas de forma sacular, de tipo lobular no restringida, con desarrollo cístico que presentan cuatro estados básicos: inmaduro, en maduración, maduro, post-liberación/regresión. Los valores de concentración (10546,4 ± 3344,0 spz/mL), movilidad total (95,2 ± 3,8 %), progresividad total (72,7 ± 15,3 %), velocidad curvilínea (117,6 ± 21,8 µm/s), velocidad lineal (70,1 ± 14,3 µm/s) y duración de la movilidad (39,5 ± 2,5 s) fueron estimados. El desarrollo de madurez testicular y calidad seminal de I. longirostris concuerdan con los registros en otros prochilodóntidos neotropicales.
RECOMENDACIÓN 1. IMPORTANCIA DEL NEXO BIODIVERSIDAD Y SALUD PARA LOS PLANES Y ESTRATEGIAS NACIONALES DE BIODIVERSIDAD–PRIORIZACIÓN DE LA PREVENCIÓN PRIMARIA EN SALUD
Authors: Acevedo Cendales Luz Dary , Matta Nubia Estela , Pereira Bengoa Victoria Eugenia
Published: January 2025

El concepto “Una salud” (One Health), resume una idea conocida desde hace más de un siglo: la salud humana, animal y de los ecosistemas están interconectadas y son interdependientes (Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal [OMSA], 2024). Las especies silvestres albergan una amplia diversidad de agentes patógenos, a los que el ser humano puede ser susceptible. Sin embargo, es fundamental considerar que los patógenos humanos representan solo una pequeña fracción de la diversidad de parásitos del mundo (Balloux and van Dorp, 2017).
Es importante abordar urgentemente los impulsores de la pérdida de diversidad biológica a fin de reducir los riesgos para la salud, como lo sugiere el Marco Mundial de Biodiversidad de Kunming-Montreal (Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice, 2024). Las actividades humanas han cruzado barreras naturales de manera insostenible, invadiendo áreas silvestres o extrayendo especímenes para consumo, comercio (mascotas), o como productos derivados o manufacturados, situaciones que facilitan riesgo de contacto inseguro entre animales y seres humanos. La caza para diferentes propósitos suele estar asociada con actividades de tala, durante las cuales se corre el riesgo de contacto directo con los animales y con artrópodos vectores de patógenos (Eve et al., 2000). De manera similar la minería, facilita eventos indirectos y nuevas infecciones (Ellwanger et al., 2020). Estas intervenciones en los hábitats alteran la dinámica e interacciones naturales de las especies silvestres y su entorno, aumentando el contacto directo con el ser humano e incrementando la probabilidad de transmisión de enfermedades zoonóticas.
RECOMENDACIÓN 3. INCORPORACIÓN DE UN ENFOQUE GÉNERO-RESPONSIVO EN LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE LOS PLANES Y ESTRATEGIAS NACIONALES DE BIODIVERSIDAD (ENBPA) Y EN LOS PLANES NACIONALES DE ADAPTACIÓN AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO Y SU VÍNCULO CON LA SALUD
Authors: Cediel-Becerra Natalia , Sánchez Diana , Rúa Clara
Published: January 2025

Cuando hablamos de biodiversidad, no solo hacemos referencia a la oferta de alimentos, recursos e ingresos, también esta hace parte integral de las creencias, valores culturales y espirituales de los pueblos. Los grupos indígenas, por ejemplo, ocupan o gestionan tierras que albergan el 80 % de la biodiversidad del planeta y se cruzan con cerca del 40 % de todas las zonas terrestres protegidas y paisajes ecológicamente intactos (Masaquiza-Jerez, 2021). La conservación de la biodiversidad y la diversidad cultural, no pueden disociarse de la administración de las comunidades locales sobre sus recursos naturales.
Desde hace varias décadas se ha reconocido abiertamente que las mujeres y su ética del cuidado juegan un rol determinante para el desarrollo sostenible y para el uso y aprovechamiento razonable de los recursos naturales. Los grandes retos ambientales del siglo XXI, como la contaminación de fuentes hídricas, la desertificación, la deforestación, el cambio climático y la pérdida de la biodiversidad exigen respuestas inmediatas por parte de los gobiernos, las empresas y las comunidades, considerando la perspectiva de género (Avila et al., 2017). El preámbulo del Convenio de Diversidad Biológica destaca el papel vital de las mujeres en la conservación de la biodiversidad y el uso sostenible, así como la importancia de la plena participación de las mujeres en todos los niveles de la formulación y aplicación de políticas establecidas (International Union for Conservation of Nature [IUCN], 2016). Las Estrategias y Planes de Acción Nacionales sobre Biodiversidad (EPANDB) son instrumentos fundamentales para definir las prioridades y modalidades de una gestión eficaz, eficiente y equitativa de la diversidad biológica a nivel nacional y en todos los sectores clave. Como tales, proporcionan importantes oportunidades para reconocer e integrar el empoderamiento de las mujeres y las consideraciones de igualdad de género (Ministerio de ambiente y desarrollo sostenible, 2017) en consonancia con la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible.
RECOMENDACIÓN 4. PRIORIZAR LA SALUD DE LOS ECOSISTEMAS ACUÁTICOS PARA GARANTIZAR LA SALUD HUMANA Y DE LA BIODIVERSIDAD
Authors: López-Casas Silvia , Ávila-Vargas Laura , Jiménez Nathaly , González-Obando Juliana
Published: January 2025

El enfoque de Una Salud es un modelo holístico que integra la salud humana, animal y ambiental. Desde su inclusión en 2004, se ha reconocido que problemas como la contaminación, el cambio climático y la deforestación no solo afectan a las personas, sino también a los animales, reflejando un deterioro ambiental (Zinsstag et al., 2015). Hoy en día, enfermedades zoonóticas, resistencia antimicrobiana y daños ambientales urgen la implementación de este enfoque multidisciplinario, que fomenta la colaboración entre salud humana, animal y ambiental (Hermesh et al., 2019). Esta interconexión es especialmente relevante para los ecosistemas acuáticos continentales (ríos, lagos, acuíferos y humedales) que ocupan menos del 2 % de la superficie terrestre y contienen menos del 0,01 % del agua, pero albergan el 12 % de las especies conocidas y un tercio de los vertebrados. Estos ecosistemas brindan servicios esenciales para la naturaleza y la sociedad. Sin embargo, los humedales están desapareciendo tres veces más rápido que los bosques, y las poblaciones de vertebrados acuáticos han disminuido más del doble que las terrestres o marinas. En los últimos 50 años, se ha perdido el 83 % de sus especies y el 30 % de los ecosistemas, lo que pone en riesgo el suministro de agua, alimentos y bienestar económico.
Yasunizar el mundo. La lucha por dejar el petróleo bajo tierra en el Amazonas
Authors: Córdoba Cárdenas Mateo
Published: January 2025

Este trabajo explora los conflictos ambientales en el Amazonas ecuatoriano como parte de la expansión de la frontera petrolera en América Latina examinando cómo estos conflictos transitan entre escalas locales, nacionales e internacionales. Los pueblos originarios han enfrentado durante décadas el avance del extractivismo, mientras que, desde el norte global, aumenta el rechazo ciudadano a la degradación ambiental y las violaciones de derechos humanos. El conflicto en el Parque Nacional Yasuní es un caso emblemático, donde las comunidades indígenas y los colectivos ambientalistas han roto la asimetría de poder a través de estrategias de resistencia y denuncia con alcance internacional. Mediante entrevistas, revisión de prensa y comunicados oficiales, se analiza el papel de los medios y del Gobierno ecuatoriano en la gestión de la narrativa del conflicto desde 2008. Factores como los regímenes de representación indígena y la noción del Amazonas como ‘lugar ecológico’ fueron cruciales en la internacionalización del debate y la creación de contrapesos ante el modelo extractivista.
La transformación progresiva de las selvas del resguardo Nükak a través de los cultivos de coca y la ganadería
Authors: Duica Amaya Liliana , Walschburger Hurtado Juan Jacobo , Salas Cristian
Published: January 2025

La deforestación asociada a la coca y la expansión ganadera al interior del resguardo Nükak se ha acentuado desde la firma del Acuerdo de Paz de La Habana. Desde ese momento, la coca impulsó la colonización armada y el desplazamiento de algunos grupos nükak del resguardo en el que hoy se concentra la actividad ganadera. Así, ha habido un tránsito de la economía cocalera a la ganadera y esto se evidencia en una transformación territorial que puede corroborarse en las imágenes satelitales multitemporales del resguardo. Con datos de vacunación y movilidad de veredas dentro del resguardo, se explica el aumento del hato bovino al interior del territorio y la funcionalidad de la trocha ganadera como eje y bisagra de la comercialización hacia el centro del país. Este artículo contribuye, con sus resultados, a entender cómo el ganado que se consume en Bogotá y sus ciudades cercanas está transformando progresivamente la selva del territorio nükak.
Talleritis en el Guaviare. Un modo de presencia Gubernamental para controlar la deforestación en la Amazonía Colombiana
Authors: Olaya Díaz Carlos
Published: January 2025

En este artículo propongo el concepto de ‘talleritis’ como un modo particular de presencia gubernamental usado para controlar la deforestación en la Amazonía colombiana. Lo derivo de los chistes que encontré en mi investigación etnográfica sobre las operaciones gubernamentales ambientales en un lugar de la zona rural del Departamento del Guaviare que denomino ‘La Esquina’. Argumento que entender la construcción de Estado como talleritis permite ir más allá de los lugares comunes que describen la deforestación amazónica como el producto de un “vacío de poder” en medio de la guerra y la degradación ambiental. Defiendo que el concepto también abre hipótesis sobre la relación entre el Estado y los bosques, así como la discusión sobre modos alternativos de construcción estatal en la Amazonía.
Factores de protección para la calidad de vida en ostomizados desde las redes de apoyo en Colombia
Authors: Alegría López Margareth , Holguin Patiño Nathalia Vanessa , Palacios Imbacuan Dayana Fernanda , Peña Andrade Maria Camila
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: determinar los factores de protección asociados a la calidad de vida de una población con ostomía de eliminación.Materiales y método: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se aplicó el instrumento “Cuestionario de Calidad de vida para pacientes con una ostomía” a 56 participantes, previo consentimiento informado. Se realizó un análisis bivariado, describiendo el perfil sociodemográfico, clínico, y la percepción de calidad de vida para la descripción de factores protectores en la población.Resultados: de los 56 participantes el mayor porcentaje de población era de género femenino, 60,7 %, la edad promedio fue de 50 años y el lugar de residencia, de la mayoría de pacientes, fue Cali. La colostomía permanente predominó, asociada a causas neoplásicas gastrointestinales. Se identificó un alto nivel de calidad de vida percibida, influenciada por factores protectores entre los que destacan la espiritualidad y el apoyo social como los más relevantes, seguido por la satisfacción sexual y cambios en la alimentación.Conclusiones: la población muestra una caracterización sociodemográfica diversa que no guarda relación con las variables clínicas. La calidad de vida general se clasificó como alta, con un alto nivel en el bienestar espiritual, esto se debe, en gran parte, a la vinculación a una corriente religiosa o espiritual, además de factores de protección identificados que permitieron una adaptación oportuna y una tendencia hacia el bienestar.