bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancements in Plant Protection Technologies and Mechanization in the Russian Federation
Authors: Lysov A. K. , Kornilov T. V.
Published: December 2024

The paper highlights the achievements of domestic scientists, engineers and designers in pesticide application in agriculture. (Research purpose) The study provides a retrospective analysis of the evolution of plant protection technologies and mechanization tools in the Russian Federation. (Materials and methods) The research draws on a variety of sources, including publications in scientific journals, monographs, conference proceedings, archival photographs, and exhibits from the scientific and methodological office (museum) of the All-Russian Research Institute for Plant Protection. (Results and discussion) The paper details the development of domestic horse-drawn, mounted tractor, automobile field and portal garden sprayers in 1931-1941. In the 1960s, research focused on determining the optimal droplet size and phytocidal action radius for low-volume spraying of plant protection products. Aerosol technologies were developed. The paper highlights the contribution of Dr.Sc. V.F. Dunsky in establishing the theoretical foundations of fine-droplet and low-volume spraying physics and technology. It also emphasizes the development and enhancement of plant protection technologies by creating a comprehensive system of machines for agricultural mechanization. This progress was achieved under the scientific and methodological guidance of experts from the All-Russian Institute of Agricultural Mechanization. As the consumption rates of the working fluid decreased, rotary (disk) sprayers became essential for both ground and aerial spraying equipment. To enhance environmental safety, more eco-friendly sprayers were developed with systems for small droplet separation or forced sedimentation, and a method for electrically charging droplets was introduced. Modern approaches to the development of new plant protection technologies are based on the principles of precision farming. These approaches include differentiated crop treatment that considers the spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of harmful organisms within field areas. (Conclusions) Plant protection technologies and mechanization tools evolved and improved with the introduction of new chemical agents. Notably, spectrometry is used to create spectral image libraries of cultivated and weedy, healthy and diseased plants, facilitating the automatic decoding of data collected from field through neural networks (artificial intelligence). Additionally, unmanned aerial vehicles are utilized for the application of plant protection products.
Deep Learning Methods and UAV Technologies for Crop Disease Detection
Authors: Mudarisov S. G. , Miftakhov I. R.
Published: December 2024

The paper underscores the significant advancements in plant disease diagnostics achieved through the integration of remote sensing technologies and deep learning algorithms, particularly in aerial imagery interpretation. It focuses on evaluating deep learning techniques and unmanned aerial vehicles for crop disease detection. (Research purpose) The study aims to review and systemize scientific literature on the application of unmanned aerial vehicles, remote sensing technologies and deep learning 24 methods for the early detection and prediction of crop diseases. (Materials and methods) The paper presents various technologies employing unmanned aerial vehicles and sensors for monitoring plant condition, with an emphasis on modern computer vision tools designed to improve the accuracy of plant pathology identification. (Results and discussion) The analysis encompasses scientific publications from 2010 to 2023, with a primary focus on comparing the effectiveness of deep learning algorithms, such as convolutional neural networks (CNN), against traditional methods, including support vector machines (SVMs) and random forest classifiers. The findings demonstrate that deep learning algorithms offer more accurate and earlier detection of diseases, highlighting their potential for application in plant growing. The paper also addresses challenges associated with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, such as data quality limitations, the complexity of processing large volumes of images, and the need for the development of more advanced models. The paper proposes solutions to these issues, including algorithm optimization and improved data preprocessing techniques. (Conclusions) The integration of unmanned aerial vehicles and deep learning provides new prospects for enhancing the efficiency of agricultural production. These technologies enable precise early-stage diagnosis of plant diseases and facilitate the prediction of their progression, allowing for timely implementation of crop protection measures. The combination of intelligent computer vision systems with unmanned aerial vehicles presents significant opportunities for advancing monitoring methods and improving plant health management.
A method of Increasing the Area of the Herbage on Mountain Forage Lands
Authors: Bideev S. I. , Gulueva L. R.
Published: December 2024

The present study reveals that up to 60 percent of mountain grasslands are strewn with stones. Their removal can significantly expand forage land and decrease animal injuries. It has been found out that there are no small-sized units capable of removing stones on sloped terrains. (Research purpose) The research aims to develop and construct a laboratory prototype of a stone removal unit adapted to the Feng Shou 180 mini-tractor, specifically for use on slopes. This unit is intended to facilitate the rehabilitation of mountain regions that are otherwise unsuitable for livestock farming, and enhance soil resistance to both water and wind erosion. (Materials and methods) The technology has been substantiated and the unit prototype has been constructed. The tests were conducted in the mountainous area of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, at an altitude of 1540 meters above sea level. The stones were removed from a section of the northern slope with a steepness of 13 degrees in the village of Dargavs. Technical expertise, bench and field tests of the unit were performed in accordance with agrotechnical standards and technical specifications. (Results and discussion) As a result a laboratory prototype of a stone removal unit adapted to the Feng Shou 180 mini-tractor was produced. It is determined that the laboratory prototype meets the agrotechnical standards and technical specifications. The unit proves to effectively remove stones larger than 30 millimeters with an efficiency rate of 91-93 percent. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that the first year of using the unit results in a 90-95 percent increase in the productivity of forage lands. (Conclusions) The use of this unit on mountain slopes significantly enhances the usable area and improves the water-air and nutrient regimes. This adjustment also alters the species composition of the vegetation, increasing the legume component to 16.7 percent and the cereal component to 47.3 percent. Our findings underscore the potential benefits and feasibility of further developing and deploying this prototype on densely stoned forage lands with slopes of up to 13 degrees.
Total Water Consumption of Alfalfa as a Function of Active Soil Surface and Bioclimatic Coefficients
Authors: Pankova T. A. , Kravchuk A. V. , Orlova S. S. , Mikheeva O. V. , Mirkina E. N.
Published: December 2024

The paper highlights the significant impact of irrigation on crop yields, emphasizing that in the challenging climatic conditions of the dry-steppe Trans-Volga region, it is impossible to obtain a consistently high alfalfa yield without irrigation. Since irrigation presents both substantial benefits and potential drawbacks, it requires a highly skilled approach to managing irrigated lands and water resources. To estimate the total water consumption of alfalfa in the dry-steppe Trans-Volga region, it is proposed to use bioclimatic coefficients and soil surface activity indicators. (Research purpose) The study aims to determine the total water consumption of alfalfa by using bioclimatic coefficients and active soil surface values to improve the efficiency of irrigation regimes. (Materials and methods) The primary input factors influencing the total water consumption volume were analyzed. Changes in total water consumption during specific phases of alfalfa development were assessed based on evapotranspiration and the relative reserves of productive moisture, using experimental data on the crop's water consumption. (Results and discussion) The empirical coefficients representing the active surface state of alfalfa crops were determined based on the sum of average daily temperatures, calculated using Budyko-Zubenko method for estimating evaporation from the water surface. It was found that the coefficients of active surface state change significantly during plant development, increasing from 0.5 during the growth-branching period to 0.78 during branching-budding and reaching 0.99-1.0 during the budding-flowering period. (Conclusions) Curvilinear relationships between the ratio of total water consumption to evaporation and the relative reserves of productive moisture during different phases of alfalfa growth and development were experimentally established. Empirical coefficients were derived for calculating total water consumption during different periods of alfalfa vegetation grown on dark chestnut soils in the dry steppe Trans-Volga region.
Correlation Between Agricultural Machinery Fleet and Arable Land Area
Authors: Tsench Yu. S. , Mironova A. V.
Published: December 2024

The paper examines the dependence of grain and crop production volumes on the availability and utilization of land resources in agriculture. (Research purpose) The study carries out a retrospective analysis of overarching trends and correlation between agricultural land area and the size of the tractor fleet. (Materials and methods) The analysis focuses on the evolution of land use systems and the integration of agricultural lands into economic turnover over three distinct historical periods in Russia: 1920-1940, 1945-1990, and 1991-2022. The study identifies key evolutionary factors and development patterns in the correlation between agricultural land area and tractor fleet capacity. (Results and discussion) The analysis reveals that the industrialization and collectivization programs implemented between 1928 and 1940 led to a significant expansion in agricultural land area, increasing from 113 million to 150 million hectares, and in the tractor fleet, which grew from 27,000 to 531,000 units. In 1945, the sown area reached a low of 113.8 million hectares, with the tractor fleet reduced to 397,000 units. By 1960, the development of virgin and fallow lands had expanded the sown area to 203 million hectares, and the tractor fleet had grown to 1,122,000 units. The study further identified that the highest recorded expansion in sown land area, reaching 210.3 million hectares, occurred in 1985 due to an increase in mechanization, with the tractor fleet peaking at 2,830,000 units. From 1991 to 2022, however, a steady decline in the tractor fleet led to the gradual withdrawal of agricultural land from use. In 1991, the tractor fleet stood at 1,344,200 units, but by 2022, it had decreased by 1,147,400 units, leaving only 196,800 units. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the shift from a state-command to a market economy had a profound impact on the trajectory of Russian agricultural development. (Conclusions) The dynamics of soil use over different periods have reflected both extensive and intensive farming methods. The extensive approach involved expanding agricultural land by developing virgin, fallow, and unused lands. Currently, development follows the intensive path, marked by increased mechanization, automation, chemical use, and higher crop yields.
Negative Wigner function by decaying interaction from equilibrium
Authors: Kolář Michal , Filip Radim
Published: December 2024

Bosonic systems with negative Wigner function superposition states are fundamentally witnessing nonlinear quantum dynamics beyond linearized systems and, recently, have become essential resources of quantum technology with many applications. Typically, they appear due to sophisticated combination of external drives, nonlinear control, measurements or strong nonlinear dissipation of subsystems to an environment. Here, we propose a conceptually different and more autonomous way to obtain such states, avoiding these ingredients, using purely sudden interaction decay in the paradigmatic interacting qubit-oscillator system weakly coupled to bath at thermal equilibrium in a low-temperature limit. We demonstrate simultaneously detectable unconditional negative Wigner function and quantum coherence and their qualitative enhancement employing more qubits.
Max Weber e a virada ontológica na antropologia brasileira
Authors: Bolda Bruna dos Santos
Published: December 2024

O primeiro problema que se enfrenta ao investigar uma possível ontologia na sociologia kantianizante (Kantianisierende Soziologie) de Max Weber (para usar um termo de Schluchter (2015)) é o seguinte: como esse autor, que escreveu uma extensa obra epistemológica, sob profunda influência do kantismo, e que sequer utilizou o termo “ontologia” (Ontologie) em seus escritos, pode ter alguma contribuição para a área? A resposta para essa questão deve abarcar três aspectos, explicitados a seguir.
Sistematização da prática de ensino dos tipos ideais de dominação
Authors: Mata Giulle Vieira da
Published: December 2024

Ao longo dos últimos 14 anos, tenho ensinado os “Os três tipos puros de dominação legítima: dominação racional, dominação tradicional e dominação carismática” na Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (MG). Leciono regularmente sobre esse texto desde o início de minha efetivação na UFOP como professora de Teoria Política e de Sociologia do Departamento de Ciências Sociais (DECSO) do Instituto de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas (ICSA). Um departamento prestador do serviço de ensino, composto por 8 professores, e que, conforme o período letivo, atende de 12 a 15 cursos da universidade.
A fé na ciência em meio à crise dos valores iluministas no Brasil: uma análise weberiana dos últimos anos
Authors: Roselino Luis Felipe
Published: December 2024

Para alguns ouvidos, pode parecer que há uma provocação na expressão do título desse capítulo que justapõe os termos “fé” e “ciência”; para outros, diante dos riscos recentes da crise sanitária e das desconfianças, frequentemente infundadas acerca dos discursos de especialistas, pode parecer tratar-se, antes, de uma ode à ciência moderna. No entanto, como está em pauta um sentido weberiano do tema, não caberia nenhuma das duas formas de juízos, nesse caso, o termo “fé” é apenas uma possível tradução da expressão Glauben, tal como a encontramos na conferência: “A ciência como vocação/profissão”. Ela aparece, por exemplo, na famosa explicação sobre o significado do desencantamento do mundo que nos sugere que: “a intelectualização e a racionalização assim tomadas não significam, portanto, um maior conhecimento geral das condições gerais da vida [...]. Significa, ao invés disso, [...] a crença [den Glauben daran] de que basta alguém apenas querer para poder [...] demonstrar que as coisas não se dão segundo poderes ocultos e imprevisíveis/incalculáveis [unberechenbaren]” (WEBER, 1992, p. 87; MWG A16).
Reflexões sobre teoria e militância em Guerreiro Ramos a partir da influência de Max Weber
Authors: Souza Márcio Ferreira de
Published: December 2024

O sociólogo Alberto Guerreiro Ramos (1915-1982), natural de Santo Amaro da Purificação, Bahia, publicou na edição de 03 de fevereiro de 1957, do Suplemento Dominical do Jornal do Brasil, um curto artigo intitulado Caracteres da “Intelligentzia” (grafado no original com com z) (RAMOS, 1957) que, cerca de quatro anos mais tarde, seria republicado como apêndice de seu livro A crise do poder no Brasil (RAMOS, 1961). No referido artigo ele abordou o tema da politização dos intelectuais para refletir sobre o Brasil. Dentre os seus argumentos centrais, ressaltou o “pensar independente” e a militância como características fundamentais da inteligência. Meu propósito, ao recuperar a leitura de Caracteres da “Intelligentzia”, é o de identificar como Guerreiro Ramos se valeu do caráter “militante” da obra de Max Weber (1864-1920), considerando o círculo weberiano dos salões de Berlim e de Heidelberg, como exemplos ilustrativos do conceito de intelligentsia.
O tipo ideal de Weber e o ideal de Kant: duas possibilidades distintas de um mesmo programa de pesquisa
Authors: Seneda Marcos César
Published: December 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar que o ensaio “A ‘objetividade’ do conhecimento nas ciências sociais”, publicado por Weber em 1904, constitui não um estudo metodológico prescritivo, mas um programa de pesquisa epistemológico, destinado a reposicionar as ciências da cultura no terreno cognitivo das ciências de seu tempo. Um dos escopos do texto é mostrar, de uma maneira analítica, que o modo como se instanciam os objetos no âmbito das ciências da cultura “exige” que os conceitos que os designam sejam tratados como conceitos de tipo ideal.
Esse é o caminho exatamente inverso ao da leitura tradicional, que podemos chamar de “metodológico”, a que esses textos vêm sendo submetidos.
Meditações Profissionais
Authors: Menezes Lauro Ney
Published: December 2024

The article "Professional Meditations" discusses the reflections and questions that arose after the first flight of the AMX, emphasizing the importance of new tools in shaping the concepts of the Brazilian Air Power's deployment.
(Summary prepared by the editorial team).
Um Novo Conceito de Grupo de Aviação
Authors: Hoyer Franklin Nogueira
Published: December 2024

The article introduces a new concept of aviation group, emphasizing the importance of optimizing material resources to achieve better results. It discusses the standardization in the use of "AM-X" aircraft and the possibility of mixed groups performing reconnaissance and attack missions. It also addresses the creation of "AM-X" and its ability to carry out different types of missions without structural modifications.
(Summary prepared by the editorial team).
O Oficial Especialista no Ministério da Aeronáutica:
Authors: Azevedo Aprígio Eduardo de Moura
Published: December 2024

The article "The Specialist Officer in the Ministry of Aeronautics - The Lost Link" discusses the evolution of man, emphasizing the importance of courage, audacity, and the pursuit of knowledge. The author reflects on the training of Specialist Officers and the need for qualification to keep up with organizational development.
(Summary prepared by the editorial team).
Audaciosas ações de Otto Skorzeny:
Authors: Lamounier Renato Paiva
Published: December 2024

This article discusses the story of Otto Skorzeny, a Viennese engineer who became a military officer and joined the SS troops during World War II. The text highlights Skorzeny's autobiography, which recounts his experiences and remarkable actions, such as the rescue of Mussolini. It mentions the chapters and topics covered in the book, emphasizing the importance of learning from history and the military values conveyed by Skorzeny.
(Summary prepared by the editorial team).
Requisitos Ergonômicos em Aviação:
Authors: Silva Gilvan Vasconcelos da
Published: December 2024

Ergonomic analyzes and interventions, as well as the adoption of anthropometric parameters have been used as a way to reduce physical stress in flight cabins, in determining spaces and in the selection of military pilots. The present study aims to collect data from the literature that clarify and/or justify the application of the concepts of ergonomics and anthropometrics in the definition of anthropometric requirements when developing or acquiring aircraft. It was found that one of the main factors that affect the quality of life and performance of pilots during the flight is the chairs present in the cabin and that some seats equipped on Brazilian Air Force aircraft do not offer the necessary comfort to their crews. For an accurate formulation of ergonomic requirements in aviation, it is essential to rely mainly on the experience of a large number of daily users, to the detriment of test pilots. The adoption of anthropometric parameters as criteria for admission and selection of pilots has been widely used.
Impacto do confronto entre Rússia e Ucrânia no Ibovespa : via canais da inflação e taxa de juros
Authors:   , Henrique André Ricardo Rodrigues
Published: December 2024

Neste artigo objetivou-se verificar como a intensificação do conflito entre Rússia e Ucrânia no ano de 2022 pode ter impactado o índice Ibovespa através do aumento da taxa de juros em decorrência da inflação acentuada pela guerra. Considerada essa descrição, a hipótese testada é de que um aumento na taxa de juros ocasiona uma migração de investimentos em renda variável para renda fixa, culminando na queda do Ibovespa. Foi criado um modelo econométrico utilizando o método dos Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários do período 2017-2022 para verificar a relação da taxa de juros com o Ibovespa. O resultado final demonstra que a hipótese foi corroborada.
Género y educación infantil
Authors: Carolina Diana , Alberto Chapelles Diana Carolina , Sosa Montaño Diana Carolina , Parra Diana Catalina , Trujillo Mahecha Diana Milena , Dlaikan Campos Erika Viviana , Marconi Moscote Graciany , Aguilar Bastidas Harold Andrés , Torres Zambrano Jenny Natalia , Duque Valencia María Piedad , López Nathaly , Dueñas Cifuentes Mónica , López Gutiérrez Nathaly , Díaz Vargas Sandra Milena , Mahecha Bustos Syrley Liced
Published: December 2024

Este libro presenta los resultados de investigación del proyecto titulado “Género y educación infantil: discursos, prácticas y propuestas de acción”, avalado por el Grupo de Investigación Infancias, Educación y Diversidad, de la Escuela de Ciencias de la Educación (ECEDU) de la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia–UNAD.La obra divulga discursos y reflexiones de diversos académicos, maestros, activistas y estudiosos sobre la perspectiva de género en la educación. Aborda esta última como una demanda ética y un requisito moral en la búsqueda de la equidad y la eliminación de la violencia de género.En ese contexto, el libro ofrece a los lectores revisiones documentales, reflexiones y prácticas relacionadas con categorías clave como género, infancias y cuidados, políticas educativas para la educación infantil desde una perspectiva de género, la acción intencionada, el diseño de ambientes enriquecidos y la formación de educadores infantiles libres de sesgos de género.Por último, se propone un currículo destinado a la formación de educadores infantiles, quienes se perfilan como líderes transformacionales con herramientas para deconstruir prejuicios y estereotipos de género, y promover relaciones equitativas entre niños y niñas, en su compromiso con la construcción de una cultura de paz.
Action Explanation
Authors: White Andrea
Published: December 2024

Chapter 8 argues that explanations of intentional action that cite the agent’s reasons for acting are the kind of causal explanation that are not made true by causally related events. The most important consideration favouring this view is that it saves two strong intuitions: (a) that reason-giving explanations are causal and (b) that the mental states cited in reason-giving explanations do not denote items that stand in causal relations to the actions they explain. This view has important consequences for how we ought to think about the nature of intentional action. Most importantly, it casts doubt on the view that intentional actions are distinguished from non-intentional actions by their causes.
The deformation monitoring system on the Brasa overpass in Riga
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Latvia, Kraskevičs Edgars , Celms Armands ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Latvia, Rusinovs Jevgenijs ,   TILTPROJEKTS LLC, XREF LLC, Latvia
Published: December 2024

Engineering structures such as bridges, overpasses, and viaducts constitute a crucial component of the infrastructure of any industrial city. The wide-scale industrialisation of the twentieth century transformed the urban landscape. Many designs and solutions have become morally and physically outdated since those times, yet their usage continues, which is not always safe. With the aging of infrastructure, the issue of their further safe use inevitably arises. Geodetic monitoring of structural deformations can provide control and safety, as well as gather data for designers and engineers. The data collected by deformation monitoring systems should form the basis for the reconstruction and maintenance project of infrastructural facilities. Deformation monitoring systems are designed for each object based on the parameters of the structure, taking into account the constructive features, materials, and the importance of the infrastructural object to the city traffic. It is not always possible to completely close an overpass during reconstruction, as this would affect the transport flow in a specific district of the city. Monitoring of recently put into operation structures will ensure the collection of deformation data for the survival analysis. Once the structural health is defined, the period of service life until scheduled maintenance will be determined. As a result of our research on the Brasa overpass in Riga, we developed a scheme for swift response to signals from the monitoring systemʼs sensors. Additionally, we ensured the safe operation of the old overpass during the construction of the new one by promptly utilising data obtained from the deformation monitoring system.
Diversifying Trade Flows and Transport Routes in the CAREC Region amid External Shocks
Authors:   Asian Development Bank, Sabyrova Lyaziza , Mogilevskii Roman ,   Asian Development Bank
Published: December 2024

This paper seeks to uncover patterns and potential avenues of diversification and reorientation in the trade of the members of the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Program revealed by the recent series of external shocks.

The paper examines the CAREC-wise trends in merchandise and service trade volumes, partners, and routes during 2022–2023. It then focuses on the trade potential of the Middle Corridor, which is increasingly discussed as a key transport and transit option for CAREC.
Enhancing microstructure, grain refinement, and wear properties of cast A356-TiB2 composite through improved sequence of ECAP and heat treatment processes
Authors: Syukron M. , Anasyida A.S. , Zuhailawati H. , Hassan M.H. , Dhindaw B.K. , Zakaria S.A. , Abioye T.E.
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to improve the grain structure, hardness, and wear resistance of the composite material A356- 1.5TiB2 through a combination of manufacturing processes. Initially, the composite material was produced by casting, followed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) and heat treatments in different sequences. The heat treatment process included a solution heat treatment (540?C, 4 hours), followed by rapid quenching in water (90 ?C). The ECAP process was carried out by the BA route and included four passes at room temperature. After the ECAP process, an aging process was conducted at 155?C for 3 hours. The subsequent ECAP and heat treatment had a positive effect on the distribution of TiB2 and TiAl3 particles, the grain refinement of the aluminum matrix and the improved hardness and wear properties of the composite. The composite that underwent both ECAP and heat treatment exhibited a finer grain structure and higher hardness. The order of post-treatment with ECAP and heat treatment also affected the grain structure, hardness and wear resistance of the composite. The composite that underwent solution treatment followed by aging treatment and then ECAP demonstrated the most refined structure and the highest hardness. These results show that a carefully designed manufacturing process can significantly improve the mechanical properties of A356-1.5TiB2 composite.
The Last Period of the History of Olbia: the First Gothic Town
Authors: Magomedov Boris
Published: December 2024

Olbia’s archaeological materials show that after the departure of the Roman garrison and local residents, the city was briefly abandoned (270s – early 280s AD). Then a new barbarian population appeared. It had clear signs of the Cherniakhiv culture, the ethnic basis of which were the Germanic Goths. Probably, at the beginning the only interest of barbarians was the seaport. The last prosperity of the city occurred in the Hunnic period, and it came to the end together with the Cherniakhiv culture in the first third of the 5th century. Olbia was reborn as a small fortified city, a craft and trade centre. The Goths restored the Roman Citadel, as well as several forts on the borders of the former Olbian state. Perhaps here was the military-administrative centre of one of the early kingdoms, which arose after the collapse of the Ostrogothic “power of Ermanaric”, and was dependent on the Hun leaders.
Tyras in Late Antiquity
Authors: Saveliev Oleh
Published: December 2024

The article presents materials related to the existence of Tyras in the late Roman period. Based on the available data, it is assumed that there were two phases in the existence of the city in Late Antiquity. In the first phase (second half of the 3rd to the third quarter of the 4th century AD), life in the city was restored after the barbarian raids. The Goths became the main military and political force in the steppe area of the Northwestern Black Sea region. Tyras was still receiving imported goods. However, its life was completely included in the orbit of barbarian interests. Cherniakhiv-tradition artefacts appeared in their material culture. Tyras was also receiving imported goods from Asia Minor, the Bosporus, Greece, and the Danube region. Amphoras of the Gaza type were imported in small quantities. In the second phase (last quarter of the 4th to the beginning of the 5th century AD), Tyras was still inhabited by the people who had not left the city during the Hun invasion. A few dishes of the Late Roman C / Phocaean Red Slip Ware group were delivered there, and glass dishes of Middle Eastern production and lamps with Christian symbols were used. Eastern imperial coins were in circulation. It is not known how the relations of the inhabitants of Tyras with the Huns developed. Obviously, the population was small and soon left the city forever.
Book Review: Matthew J. Walsh, Sean O’Neill and Lasse Sørensen (eds), In the Darkest of Days. Exploring Human Sacrifice and Value in Southern Scandinavian Prehistory. 2024, Oxford and Philadelphia: Oxbow Books, 144 pp., 41 plates
Authors: Włodarczak Piotr
Published: December 2024

The titular darkest of days is a moment that inevitably affects every society from the Stone Age to the present. Then comes the time for desperate behaviour. It is also a time for sacrifices, including of humans. The subject of human sacrifices is closely linked to Scandinavian archaeology – considering the spectacular finds from the bogs. In recent years, studies on them have been conducted as part of the project “Human Sacrifice and Value: The Limits of Sacred Violence”, financed by the Norwegian Research Council. The project manager was Rane Willerslev, the author of the foreword to the presented book. An essential part of this publication are papers presented at a National Museum of Denmark conference in 2018.
Archaeology and Commerce: Olbia Dolphins on the Global Antiquities Market
Authors: Barford Paul
Published: December 2024

The original promise of the internet was that it could have served as a tool whereby the general public could access, a single mouse-click away, unlimited amounts of reliable open access archaeological information supplied by academia or the museum world. This vision is in practice frustrated by the current form of that resource. Since changes that started taking place from 2015, the internet has increasingly been developing primarily as a commercial tool of modern capitalist trade. The casual searcher for information on a large range of archaeological phenomena will therefore primarily be faced with page after page of adverts offering examples of archaeological artefacts for sale and texts about their private collection.
DEBATE ON DECOLONIALITY AND SENSE OF BELONGING AMONG YOUNG KALMYKS AND BURYATS WHO FLED TO MONGOLIA AFTER 2022
Authors: Baranova Vlada
Published: December 2024

In 2022–2023, there was a significant shift in discussions about minority languages and ethnic groups in Russia. This study examines discourses concerning the attitudes to the Russian state, the sense of belonging and the future of ethnic minorities. The paper is based on interviews with young people from Mongolian-speaking republics in Russia, Kalmykia and Buryatia, who left for Mongolia after mobilization was announced in 2022. Fleeing possible conscription into military service, living in a country with a similar culture and language, and sharing emigration experiences with other young people made their life in Mongolia a space for fruitful discussions about their experiences, history and the future of their ethnic groups. The sense of belonging is context-sensitive. The study shows that the views of young Kalmyks and Buryats consider both official and activist perspectives. Their narratives about the future of their republics are closely linked to personal decisions to leave, life experiences and family memories of their community’s turbulent history. At the same time, the evolving perspectives of young people will shape future collective discourses among ethnic minorities.
THE SOCIAL ORGANISATION OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCE
Authors: Szmyt Zbigniew
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the orientalisation of Siberian ethnic minorities who have actively participated in the war on Ukraine. The overrepresentation of Buryats and Tuvans within the Russian army has sparked public discussions in Ukraine and Russia about the relations of Siberian minorities with the Russian state. This study is a starting point in analysing the relationship between the state, nationalism, and ethnic minorities in contemporary Russia, particularly in the Russo-Ukrainian conflict. The orientalisation of Siberian ethnic minorities is interpreted as a significant aspect of a broader national and cultural boundary construct between Russian and Ukrainian societies. The research focuses on two key areas: (1) an examination of discursive representations of Siberian minorities in both Ukrainian and Russian media and (2) an exploration of the process of national and cultural differentiation between Russian and Ukrainian societies.
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF RUSSIA AGAINST THE WAR
Authors: Zibrova Ekaterina
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the role of ethnic identity among the Indigenous Peoples of Russia as a resource for anti-war resistance. It focuses on the qualitative processes of ethnic self-identification and self-determination at the individual level, addressing a gap in the social and political analysis of activists’ behaviour in Russia. By employing the framework of identity as a narrative, it analyses interviews with ethnic decolonial anti-war activists who possess Indigenous heritage and represent various ethnic groups across Russia. The research highlights the developmental stages of ethnic identity that activists have experienced, particularly emphasising the stages that serve as resources for activism. Moreover, it emphasises the fact that for individuals who have established contact with their ethnic identity, activism emerges as an inherent and dynamic response to historical oppression. Additionally, the paper distinguishes the role of ethnic identity among Indigenous peoples from their racial identity, by providing a nuanced understanding of the specific challenges and dynamics faced by Indigenous peoples in their activism.
O czym opowiadają jakuckie murale
Authors: Lipiński Wojciech
Published: December 2024

W Jakucku, stolicy położonej w syberyjskiej części Rosji Republiki Sacha, można dziś podziwiać wiele murali. Znajdziemy je także w mniejszych miejscowościach republiki. Moda na murale trwa tam od 2016 roku, gdy powstały pierwsze prace. Charakterystyczną cechą dużej części z nich są nawiązania do jakuckiej kultury tradycyjnej i folkloru. Te sfery dziedzictwa kulturowego są wyraźnie obecne w rzeczywistości poradzieckiej Jakucji – bada się je, dyskutuje o nich, odtwarza i rekonstruuje, wykorzystuje w wielkich świątecznych celebracjach i rodzinnych uroczystościach. Zaangażowanych jest w to wiele osób i dziesiątki instytucji. Popularność murali i opisane wyżej ich tematyczne ukierunkowanie to efekt działania procesów instytucjonalizacji sztuki miejskiej i związanego z tym podporządkowania przekazu wielkoformatowych obrazów oficjalnym dyskursom pamięci i tożsamości.
Understanding Public Perception of Genetically Modified Food: Navigating Misinformation and Trust
Authors: I* Cabelkova
Published: December 2024

Genetically modified (GM) foods have been at the center of global debate, resulting in diverse public perceptions and
regulatory responses. Proponents argue that GM foods are crucial for addressing food security and climate change challenges,
highlighting their potential to increase crop yields, enhance nutritional quality, and reduce the environmental impact of
agriculture. However, skepticism persists, driven by concerns about potential health risks, environmental effects, and ethical
implications. Despite a scientific consensus affirming the safety of GM foods, factors such as cultural values, media influence,
and distrust in regulatory authorities have significantly shaped public attitudes, particularly in regions like Europe, Asia, and
parts of Africa where skepticism is higher. In contrast, the United States and Latin America show relatively greater acceptance,
influenced by economic benefits and trust in scientific institutions like the FDA and EPA. This paper examines the key factors
influencing public perception of GM foods, including knowledge gaps, media misinformation, ethical concerns, and regulatory
trust. It also explores regional differences in attitudes towards GM foods and provides strategies to bridge the divide in public
acceptance. Effective communication, increased transparency in regulatory processes, and inclusive engagement with the
public are critical in building trust and fostering a more balanced understanding of GM technology. Addressing these challenges
is essential for aligning public perceptions with scientific evidence and promoting informed decision-making about the role of
GM foods in the global food system.
A INFLUÊNCIA DO ESTÁGIO CURRICULAR NA INSERÇÃO PROFISSIONAL
Authors: Souza Laura Macedo de , Maduro Márcia Ribeiro , Lima Orlem Pinheiro de , Filho Wlademir Leite Correia , Teixeira Elton Pereira , Bittencourt Maryângela Aguiar
Published: December 2024

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a influência do estágio curricular na inserção profissional de egressos do curso de Administração. Quanto a seus objetivos, a pesquisa se mostra descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa e procedimentos de pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários aplicados a ex-alunos formados nos últimos cinco anos. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluem a análise estatística geral e específica, permitindo identificar correlações entre as experiências de estágio e a posse de emprego após a graduação. Os resultados demonstram que egressos que participaram de estágios possuem maior taxa de empregabilidade quando comparados aos que não tiveram essa experiência. Além disso, os estagiários revelam uma percepção positiva sobre a contribuição do estágio para o desenvolvimento de competências profissionais e para a construção de redes de contato no mercado de trabalho. As considerações finais ressaltam a importância de fomentar a realização de estágios pelas instituições de ensino, visto que estes não apenas favorecem a inserção no mercado, mas também potencializam o aprendizado prático dos alunos. Assim, a pesquisa conclui que é necessário fortalecer as parcerias entre instituições de ensino e organizações para maximizar os benefícios dos estágios para os futuros profissionais.
Currículo, neurociência e a formação de professores
Authors: Grossi Márcia Gorett Ribeiro , Oliveira Eliane Silvestre , Fonseca Renata Gadoni Porto
Published: December 2024

O objetivo deste artigo foi repetir as pesquisas Neurociência na formação de professores: um estudo da realidade brasileira (desenvolvida por Grossi et al. em 2013 e publicada em 2014) e A neurociência na formação inicial de professores: uma investigação científica (desenvolvida por Grossi et al. em 2018 e publicada em 2019) para verificar o que mudou desde então. Para tal, foi realizada em 2022 uma pesquisa qualitativa com enfoque descritivo, e, quanto ao procedimento técnico, efetuou-se uma pesquisa documental. Os resultados indicaram que no Brasil ainda é pequena a presença dos conteúdos da neurociência nos cursos de formação de professores. Logo, a realidade percebida há nove anos ainda é a mesma. Assim, esta presente pesquisa reforça a necessidade de alteração nas matrizes curriculares desses cursos, inserindo disciplinas acerca da neurociência para que os professores conheçam o funcionamento do cérebro.
200 crianças do Dr. Korczak
Authors: Stoeberl Cristiane Aparecida , Vieira Alboni Marisa Dudeque Pianovski
Published: December 2024

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar de que forma o cinema, por meio da utilização do filme As 200 Crianças do Dr. Korczak, como uma ferramenta pedagógica, pode contribuir para a educação em direitos humanos no ensino superior de modo a combater a discriminação racial. A pesquisa tem caráter bibliográfico e documental, com abordagem qualitativa. Os resultados obtidos levam à conclusão de que o cinema é uma ferramenta pedagógica que contribui para a construção das subjetividades dos estudantes e sensibilização para questões de direitos humanos, que devem ser tratados de forma transversal. O filme, ao mostrar o drama vivido pelas crianças judias órfãs, perseguidas pelos nazistas, assim como a determinação e humanismo de Korczak em protegê-las da desumanização, leva os estudantes a refletirem sobre as consequências da banalidade do mal e da discriminação racial, presentes na sociedade.
Integral dupla, superfícies quádricas e as obras de Antoní Gaudi
Authors: Dias Caires Brandão Ana Karine , Ferreira da Silva Maria José , Ag Almouloud Saddo
Published: December 2024

Com o intuito de ensinar o objeto matemático integral dupla, elaboramos um modelo epistemológico de referência (MER)para a construção de um dispositivo de ensino denominado percurso de estudo e pesquisa (PEP), que foi aplicado em um curso com treze estudantes das engenharias e da licenciatura em matemática de duas instituições públicas do interior da Bahia. Teoricamente apoiamos nossa pesquisa na teoria antropológica do didático e os processos metodológicos foram pautados nas estruturas que regem o PEP. Em análise aos resultados, destacamos que houve diferenças entre o MER construído antes e depois da execução do PEP; os estudantes selecionaram de forma apropriada os objetos matemáticos que os ajudaram a responder à questão geratriz do PEP e articularam outras áreas de conhecimento para assegurar uma “boa resposta” para o questionamento proposto.
Quelques considérations relatives à la notion de modèle épistémologique de référence (MER) pour le calculus et l’analyse
Authors: Job Pierre , Balhan Kevin
Published: December 2024

Une caractéristique centrale de la didactique est le questionnement du savoir. Ce questionnement peut se faire notamment au travers d’un modèle épistémologique de référence (MER). Après avoir explicité ce que nous entendons par cette notion, nous présentons un MER du calculus et de l’analyse. Ce MER nous sert alors de point d’appui pour discuter la fonction de vigilance épistémologique qu’un MER doit contribuer à exercer. Plus spécifiquement, nous montrons dans quelle mesure le cadre théorique adopté pour la conception d’un MER conditionne la manière dont la fonction de vigilance épistémologique peut être exercée, sur base des caractéristiques de ce MER.
Study of Pathfinding Approach Based on A* With Adaptive Occupancy Grid
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Sinkevych Oleh , Boyko Yaroslav , Sokolovskyy Bohdan , Rechynskyi Oleksandr ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the results of a study on the A* search algorithm applied to a two-dimensional map with obstacles. Since, in typical cases, A* is implemented on a map divided into cells of equal size, a scientific interest has lies in investigating the efficiency of this algorithm on a map with dynamically variable cell size. Such a map representation increases the ‘resolution’ of constructing a better trajectory near obstacles. For this purpose, the paper proposes an approach to representing the search space as a dynamic adaptive grid using a QuadTree structure. Additionally, a modification of the A* algorithm has been proposed and investigated, which involves selecting the best cell in the neighborhood of the agent’s current position and performing pathfinding from a starting point to a goal. The paper considers maps of various sizes and complexities for numerical experiments and compares the classical and modified A* algorithms. It has been shown that the proposed modification of the A* algorithm demonstrates better computational properties than the classical version of the algorithm on an adaptive grid.
Research and Design of Multibit Binary Adders on Fpga
Authors:   Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Kogut Ihor , Hryha Volodymyr , Dzundza Bohdan , Hryha Liudmyla , Hatala Iryna ,   Wayne State University
Published: December 2024

This paper provides an analysis of the system characteristics and functional capabilities of various types of adders for the high-speed component construction of arithmetic and logical devices in modern superscalar processors. The main features of parallel prefix adders (Sklansky, Brent Kung, Kogge Stone, Ladner Fisher, Han Carlson) and tree-like structures based on incomplete binary adders have been determined in this study. The structures of typical and improved incomplete binary adders have been shown and their complexity characteristics have been calculated as well. Various architectures (structures) of multi-bit adders have been built on the basis of well-known and improved binary half-adders. Analytical expressions for calculating the hardware and time complexity of the presented multi-bit adder structures have been obtained as a result. Schematic topological modeling of the improved half-adder based on CMOS-structure has been carried out and its topology has been produced in a specialized environment. Models of multibit adders using hardware description language VHDL have been developed. Modeling and synthesis of the developed multi-bit adders on the Xilinx FPGA has been carried out. It has been established that when using the proposed improved structures of binary half-adders as part of a multi-bit adder, the hardware complexity has been reduced by 1.7 times and the computational performance was increased by 3 times.
Predicting the Duration of Treatment Using Personalized Medical Data
Authors:   Lviv Politechnik National University, Stakhiv Mykola
Published: December 2024

The article describes the problem of data personalization by identifying the individual characteristics necessary to solve the personalization problem. The essence of the researched problem of personalization and the solution of tasks of the estimated correlation between individual characteristics and the solution using the forecasting model has been also highlighted. This study focuses on solving the problem of formalization of the studied object and the formalization of its conditions during treatment or rehabilitation, which will optimize the processes of treatment, analysis of individual patient characteristics, and forecasting possible personalized solutions for health care, focusing on patient health.