bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potensi Bakteri Endofit dari Tanaman Sagu (Metroxylon spp.) sebagai Agens Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman Padi
Authors: Yatni Yatni , Tuhumury Gratiana N C , Leiwakabessy Christoffol
Published: April 2019

Sago is a staple plant of the people of Maluku and Papua, which have many benefits and advantages to continue to be developed. Endophytic bacteria are bacteria that live in plant tissues and colonize the intercellular and vascular systems. This study aims to obtain endophytic bacterial isolates from parts of the roots, stems, and leaves of sago plants which have the potential as agents for plant growth promoting bacteria. Endophytic bacteria are isolated from the roots, stems, and leaves. Based on the results of isolation, 21 isolates of endophytic bacteria were found. Then, the selection is done by hypersensitivity test and gram reaction test. The results of the selection obtained 20 isolates of endophytic bacteria that were not pathogenic. After that, it was followed by plant growth promoting test for endophytic bacterial isolates. The test results were obtained three isolates potentially as plant growth promoter that is STA1, STA6, and STA11.

Keywords: endophytic bacteria, plant growth promoting, sago

 

ABSTRAK

Tanaman sagu merupakan tanaman pokok masyarakat Maluku dan Papua, yang memiliki banyak manfaat dan keunggulan untuk terus dikembangkan. Bakteri endofit adalah bakteri yang hidup di dalam jaringan tanaman dan berkoloni pada daerah ruang interseluler dan sistem vascular. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan isolat bakteri endofit dari bagian akar,batang dan daun tanaman sagu yang berpotensi sebagai agens pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman. Bakteri endofit diisolasi dari bagian akar, batang, dan daun. Berdasarkan hasil isolasi yang telah dilakukan didapati 21 isolat bakteri endofit. Kemudian seleksi dilakukan dengan uji hipersensitif dan uji reaksi gram. Hasil seleksi diperoleh 20 isolat bakteri endofit yang bukan patogen. Setelah itu dilanjutkan dengan uji pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman terhadap isolat bakteri endofit. Hasil pengujian tersebut diperoleh tiga isolat bakteri yang berpotensi sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman yaitu STA1, STA6, dan STA11.

Kata kunci: bakteri endofit, pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman, sagu
Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan Untuk Tipe Penggunaan Lahan Tanaman Pangan Lahan Kering Di Daerah Aliran Sungai Wae Batu Merah Kota Ambon Provinsi Maluku
Authors: Torimtubun Daniel , Gaspersz Ellisa J , Osok Rafael M , Talakua Silwanus M
Published: April 2019

The study was conducted on Wae Batu Merah watershed in Ambon, from July to October 2016, with the covered area of 685,14 ha. The objectives of the study were 1) to determine the limiting factors of land suitability classes of the upland food crops land-use types, and 2) to establish the land suitability classes of the upland food crops land-use types. The study method was surveyed with a synthetic approach and filed data collection was conducted using distanced-flexible observation. The study shows that there are two land sutability classes on the Wae Batu Merah, namely marginal (S3) land sutability class covered area of 116,93 ha or 17,06% and not-suitable (N) land suitability class covered area of 568,21 ha or 82,94%, while there are seven limiting factors, namely effective soil depth, soil texture, soil drainage, slope steepness, soil pH, soil erodibility. The application of terracing, mulching and contour planting are recommended to reduce the effect of slope steepness and soil erodibility.

Keywords: Ambon city, land suitability class, wae batu merah watershed

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di DAS Wae Batu Merah Kota Ambon Provinsi Maluku pada bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2016 dengan luas lokasi penelitian 685,14 ha. Penelitian ini dilaksankan dengan tujuan : 1) Menetapkan faktor-faktor pembatas tingkat kesesuaian lahan untuk tipe penggunaan lahan tanaman pangan lahan kering di DAS Wae Batu Merah Kota Ambon, 2) Menetapkan kesesuaian lahan untuk tipe penggunaan lahan tanaman pangan lahan kering di DAS Wae Batu Merah Kota Ambon, Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey dengan pola pendekatan sintetik dan jarak observasi fleksibel mengikuti perubahan bentuk fisiografi dan penggunaan lahan. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan lapangan dengan evaluasi lahan, hasil yang di temukan adalah: 1) terdapat 2 kelas kesesuaian lahan pada Das Wae Batu Merah yaitu, kelas kesesuaian lahan S3 terdapat pada area seluas 116.93 Ha atau 17.06%, dan kelas kesesuaian N terdapat pada area seluas 568.21 Ha atau 82.94%, 2) Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi lahan maka terdapat 7 faktor pembatas yaitu kedalaman efektif, tekstur tanah, drainase, kemiringan lereng, pH tanah, erodibilitas, zona agroklimat. Kelas kesesuaian lahan potensial setelah dilakukan perbaikan dari S3 menjadi S2 dengan faktor pembatas pH tanah, lereng, dan erodibilitas. untuk faktor pembatas drainase dapat diatasi dengan pembuatan saluran drainase, untuk lereng dan erodibilitas dapat diatasi dengan pembuatan teras, dan penanaman sejajar kontor dan penanaman tanaman penutup tanah.

Kata kunci: daerah aliran sungai wae batu merah, evaluasi lahan, kota Ambon
Diferencias de las habilidades auditivas en personas videntes e invidentes
Authors: Beltrán Rojas Judy Costanza , Lara Díaz María Fernanda , Cruz Díaz Adriana , Pechene Rubiano Katherine Lorena
Published: April 2019

Por años la ciencia ha explorado el desarrollo de las habilidades sensoriales en personas ciegas o con discapacidad visual como mecanismo de plasticidad cerebral. Sin embargo, existe en el estudio de este campo un sinfín de diferencias individuales que dificultan la formulación de teorías absolutas que permitan argumentar en su totalidad el hallazgo de dichas capacidades. Objetivo: este artículo se realizó con el interés de caracterizar las habilidades auditivas en personas adultas ciegas y no ciegas, con la finalidad de comparar y establecer si existen diferencias entre estos dos grupos. Método: participó una muestra de 32 personas constituida por dos grupos, uno de hombres y otro de mujeres, en edades entre 17 y 59 años. Se evaluaron habilidades de localización y lateralización del sonido, discriminación auditiva, reconocimiento de patrones auditivos, aspectos temporales de la audición, rendimiento auditivo en señales acústicas en competencia y rendimiento auditivo con señales acústicas degradadas. Resultados: a pesar de que existieron diferencias en la mayoría de las pruebas aplicadas a ambos grupos, los resultados obtenidos mostraron, de acuerdo con la prueba de U de Mann Whitney, una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el procesamiento auditivo central del grupo de personas con discapacidad visual comparadas con el grupo sin discapacidad. Particularmente, en las habilidades de reconocimiento de la frecuencia del sonido y de discriminación bajo un enmascaramiento temporal. Discusión: es claro que la rigurosidad en la aplicación del método (incluida la ecología de la prueba), el uso de otros instrumentos y el abordaje de otras variables relacionadas (de tipo cognitivo y diferencias individuales) son factores influyentes para nuevos hallazgos.
Influencia de un programa de estimulación temprana en el desarrollo lingüístico de niños de Sincelejo
Authors: Palacio Vásquez Madelin María , Álvarez Pérez Yaniris Del Carmen , Gómez Benítez Ana María , Hernández Blanco Marta Lucía , Blanco Tuirán Pedro José , Fuentes Cuello Justo Rafael
Published: April 2019

El presente artículo es producto de una investigación que tuvo por objetivo determinar el impacto de un programa de estimulación temprana en el desarrollo del lenguaje de los niños de 3 años del municipio de Sincelejo. En esta participaron 58 niños de 2 Centros de Desarrollo Infantil (CDI) y un hogar infantil del municipio de Sincelejo. La investigación se enmarca en un tipo de estudio causal, diseño experimental y enfoque cuantitativo. Se empleó el test PLON-R (Prueba de Lenguaje Oral Navarro Revisado) para evaluar el desarrollo del lenguaje;  y para descartar posibles alteraciones auditivas se aplicó la cartilla de Instrumentos de tamizaje para la detección temprana de deficiencias auditivas en los menores de cinco años y escolares del INSOR,  se introdujeron los resultados de dichas valoraciones en los programas EpiInfo V. 7.0 y R para ser analizados y se realizaron las respectivas comparaciones entre los grupos, a través de la prueba estadística de Wilcoxon de los rangos con signo, para establecer la existencia o no de significancia estadística. Los resultados demostraron que el programa de estimulación diseñado y ejecutado en este estudio fue efectivo, permitiendo que los niños estimulados mejoraran sus habilidades de lenguaje.
Incidência das lesões confundidoras da lesão por pressão em unidade de terapia intensiva oncológica
Authors: Pires Júnior José , Borges Eline , Spira Josimare
Published: April 2019

Objetivos: Estimar a incidência das lesões confundidoras (LCs) da lesão por pressão (LP) em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) de um hospital oncológico, caracterizar os pacientes e as LCs. Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectivo realizado em UTI de hospital oncológico de Belo Horizonte, estado de Minas Gerais. A amostra foi composta por 67 pacientes que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Os dados foram coletados durante o período de um mês por único pesquisador estomaterapeuta e registrado em formulário elaborado para esse fim. O estudo foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética em pesquisa. Resultados: 58,1% eram mulheres, 65,1% idosos, 51,2% brancos, com predominância de câncer gastrointestinal, 71,6% em uso de quimioterapia adjuvante, com índice de massa corporal (IMC) abaixo da normalidade, 100% apresentavam incontinência urinária ou fecal e em uso de fraldas. A incidência das LCs foi 35,6%, com predomínio da dermatite associada à incontinência (DAI). O tempo médio para o surgimento foi de 11 dias. Conclusão: A incidência das LCs foi elevada e infere-se que possa ter relação com a presença do câncer e o tratamento neoadjuvante, o que requer estudos específicos para elucidar o fato.
Cauterização química de granulomas periestomais com ácido tricloroacético a 50%
Authors: Paczek Rosaura , Passberg Luisa
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: Este estudo aborda o tratamento dos granulomas, uma das possíveis complicações das estomias, os quais são caracterizados como lesões focais, cuja formação ocorre devido à presença de agentes agressores aos tecidos a partir do aumento do grau de celularidade e de outros elementos teciduais, gerando incômodo e ansiedade aos pacientes. Tal estudo tem como objetivo descrever os resultados clínicos do tratamento de granulomas periestomais com o uso de ácido tricloroacético (ATA) a 50%. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo de série de casos, vivenciado por profissionais em um centro de referência para tratamento de indivíduos com estomia no município de Porto Alegre, estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Resultados: A amostra do estudo foi constituída de 13 pacientes que realizaram acompanhamento para tratamento de granulomas periestomais com o ATA. A coleta de dados foi realizada durante consultas de enfermagem, a partir da observação e registro fotográfico dos granulomas, com posterior evolução no prontuário individual. Conclusão: Concluiu-se, a partir deste estudo, que o tratamento regular com o ATA resultou em regressão dos granulomas até seu total desaparecimento, podendo tal ácido ser considerado, assim, potencial opção terapêutica; porém, recomenda-se a realização de mais estudos sobre sua utilização na estomaterapia, buscando a utilização de metodologias de pesquisa clínica mais robustas e com controle de vieses.
jaringan komputer
Authors: Febriana Dwi
Published: April 2019

Persaingan dunia bisnis sekarang ini memang semakin ketat dan perkembangannya begitu cepat, sehingga diperlukan pengup-datean data secara terus – menerus. Apalagi dengan perkembangan zaman yang semakin canggih, khususnya dalam dunia Teknologi Informasi. Banyak perusahaan maupun perorangan yang memajukan bisnisnya menggunakan teknologi tersebut guna mencapai target yang diinginkan. Teknologi internet merupakan salah satu sasaran utama yang dipakai perusahaan maupun perorangan dalam memasarkan produk yang dimiliki oleh perusahaan tersebut.
model komunikasi
Authors: Febriana Dwi
Published: April 2019

Komunikasi tidak terbatas pada kata-kata yang terucap belaka, melainkan bentuk dari apa saja interaksi, senyuman, anggukan kepala yang membenarkan hati, sikap badan, ungkapan minat, sikap dan perasaan yang sama. Diterimanya pengertian yang sama adalah merupakan kunci dalam komunikasi. Tanpa penerimaan sesuatu dengan pengertian yang sama, maka yang terjadi adalah “dialog antara orang satu”.
manajemen proyeksi sistem informasi
Authors: Sari Ranita
Published: April 2019

Manajemen merupakan sebuah proses terpadu dimana individu-individu sebagai bagian dari organisasi yang dilibatkan untuk merencanakan, mengorganisasikan, menjalankan dan mengendalikan aktifitas-aktifitas, yang kesemuanya diarahkan pada sasaran yang telah ditetapkan dan berlangsung terus menerus seiring dengan berjalannya waktu. Agar proses manajemen berjalan lancar, diperlukan sistem serta struktur organisasi yang solid. Pada organisasi tersebut, seluruh aktifitasnya haruslah berorientasi pada pencapaian sasaran.Organisasi tersebut berfungsi sebagai wadah untuk menuangkan konsep, ide-ide manajemen. Jadi dapat dikatakan bahwa manajemen merupakan suatu rangkaian tanggung jawab yang berhubungan erat satu sama lainnya.
manajemen proyeksi sistem informasi
Authors: Angsori Muhammad Lubis
Published: April 2019

Kebijakan dan Perencanaan Proyek Sistem Informasi Suatu sistem informasi dapat dikembangkan karena adanya kebijakan dan perencanaan telebih dahulu. Tanpa adanya perencanaan sistem yangbaik, pengembangan sistem tidak akan dapat berjalan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Tanpa adanya kebijakan pengembangan sistem oleh manajemen puncak, maka pengembangan sistem tidak akan mendapat dukungan dari manajemen puncak tersebut.
MODEL KOMUNIKASI
Authors: Zenda Aldesion Denagi
Published: April 2019

Public relations dikatakan berfungsi dalam suatu organisasi atau lembaga apabila public relations tersebut telah menunjukkan suatu kegiatan yang jelas dan dapat dibedakan dari kegiatan lainnya. Dalam konsepnya, fungsi public relation ketika menjalankan tugas dan operasionalnya baik sebagai komunikator, mediator ataupun organisator, menurut Prof. Drs. Onong Uchjana Effendy, M.A dalam bukunya, Hubungan masyarakat suatu komunikologis (1992).
model komunikasi
Authors: Alfagih Muhamad Alwi
Published: April 2019

Public relations dikatakan berfungsi dalam suatu organisasi atau lembaga apabila public relations tersebut telah menunjukkan suatu kegiatan yang jelas dan dapat dibedakan dari kegiatan lainnya. Dalam konsepnya, fungsi public relation ketika menjalankan tugas dan operasionalnya baik sebagai komunikator, mediator ataupun organisator, menurut Prof. Drs. Onong Uchjana Effendy, M.A dalam bukunya, Hubungan masyarakat suatu komunikologis (1992).
BAHASA INDONESIA SEBAGAI ALAT MEDIA KOMUNIKASI SEHARI-HARI
Authors: Aini Nur
Published: April 2019

Bahasa Indonesia kini telah menjadi bahasa potensial untuk dipelajari oleh masyarakatInternasional dikarenakan kemajuan yang ditunjukkan Indonesia di segala sektor, utamanyabidang ekonomi. Salah satu fungsi dari bahasa adalah sebagai alat komunikasi. Untukmemahami satu sama lain dalam proses komunikasi diperlukan pemahaman yang sama dalambahasa yang digunakan. Selain itu bahasa juga dipandang sebagai lambang identitas sebuahkomunitas atau negara. Oleh karena itu, keberadaan sebuah bahasa menjadi hal yang sangatpenting. Media komunikasi sangat berperan penting bagi kehidupan masyarakat. Secarasederhana, sebuah media komunikasi adalah sebuah perantara dalam menyampaikan sebuahinformasi dari komunikator kepada komunikan yang bertujuan agar efisien dalam menyebarkaninformasi atau pesan. Komunikasi merupakan bentuk percakapan yang berlangsung atas dasarpersamaan persepsi. Sebagai alat komunikasi, bahasa merupakan saluran perumusan maksudkita, melahirkan perasaan kita dan memungkinkan kita menciptakan kerja sama dengan sesamawarga. Ia mengatur berbagai macam aktivitas kemasyarakatan, merencanakan danmengarahkan masa depan kita (Gorys Keraf, 1997 : 4).
MODEL KOMUNIKASI
Authors: Sulistyo Muhamad Epri
Published: April 2019

Public relations dikatakan berfungsi dalam suatu organisasi atau lembaga apabila public relations tersebut telah menunjukkan suatu kegiatan yang jelas dan dapat dibedakan dari kegiatan lainnya. Dalam konsepnya, fungsi public relation ketika menjalankan tugas dan operasionalnya baik sebagai komunikator, mediator ataupun organisator, menurut Prof. Drs. Onong Uchjana Effendy, M.A dalam bukunya, Hubungan masyarakat suatu komunikologis (1992).
JARINGAN KOMPUTER
Authors: Zenda Aldesion Denagi
Published: April 2019

Jaringan Off LAN merupakan jaringan local yang hubungan koneksinya mati atau tidak terkoneksi dengan jaringan apapun. Pada jaringan ini beberapa komputer melakukan share data maupun file tanpa menggunakan jaringan akan tetapi mengggunakan media penyimpanan berupa flashdisk,CD- DVD R/RW dll. Sebagai contoh: Melakukan pengiriman atau pertukaran data maupun file antara Pc A dan Pc B dengan perantaraan media penyimpanan.
MAKALAH MANAJEMEN PROYEKSI
Authors: hardiansyay Supri
Published: April 2019

Manajemenproyekitusuatudisiplinilmupadaeratahun1950-an,Amerikabangsayang pertama kalimenggunakan ilmu manajemen proyek.Henry Ganttdapatdikatakanbapakdariilmumanajemenproyek,dannamanyapunmenjadimetodeyang digunakan,bernama “Gantt Chart”. Perlu diingat bahwa mempelajariManajemenProyekitutidakterlalusulit,karenadidalamnyaterdapathal-halyangterbiasadilakukanolehmanusia,hanyaditambahkansedikitlogikadanaturanyangkhusus
Q & A. Lisa Randall. [interview]
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: April 2019

Lisa Randall is a theoretical physicist working in particle physics and cosmology. She was born in Queens, New York City, on June 18, 1962. Lisa Randall is an alumna of Hampshire College Summer Studies in Mathematics; and she graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1980. She won first place in the 1980 Westinghouse Science Talent Search at the age of 18; and at Harvard University, Lisa Randall earned both a BA in physics (1983) and a PhD in theoretical particle physics (1987) under advisor Howard Mason Georgi III, a theoretical physicist. She is currently Frank B. Baird, Jr. Professor of Science on the physics faculty of Harvard University, where he has been for the past a decade. Her works concerns elementary particles and fundamental forces, and has involved the study of a wide variety of models, the most recent involving dimensions. She has also worked on supersymmetry, Standard Model observables, cosmological inflation, baryogenesis, grand unified theories, and general relativity. Consequently, her studies have made her among the most cited and influential theoretical physicists and she has received numerous awards and honors for her scientific endeavors. Since December 27, 2010 at 00:42 (GMT+7), Lisa Randall is Twitter’s user with account @lirarandall. “Thanks to new followers. Interesting how different it feels broadcasting on line vs.via book or article. Explanations? Pithiness? Rapidity?” is her first tweet.
Clara Ng: Un Bref Voyage d'Une Femme Remarquable pour Notre Temps
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: April 2019

Cet ouvrage examine ce qu’a été et continue d’être pour Clara Ng d’être une mère au foyer et un auteur dans le secteur de l’édition. Notre exploration utilise des méthodes qualitatives d’approches narratives sous forme d’études biographiques. Les participants en tant que sources de données ont été sélectionnés à l'aide d'une technique d'échantillonnage ciblé, qui a été collectée sur la base de techniques d'interview rétrospective, puis vérifiée pour sa validité et sa fiabilité par un audit externe. Il est clair que Clara Ng est une femme remarquable qui résume la différence entre la mère au foyer et la carrière de l’auteur dans le secteur de l’édition. Elle ne recherchait pas la gloire et ne cherchait pas son propre agrandissement, toute sa vie en était une de service à l'humanité, une éthique de travail infatigable et d'humilité. Le parcours de Clara Ng offre des exemples de nombreuses façons dont les mères au foyer peuvent et doivent travailler pour améliorer les perspectives de carrière offertes à celles qui suivent leurs traces.
TUGAS 2 TEKNOLOGI E-BISNIS
Authors: Syah Muhamad Arnando
Published: April 2019

Di jaman sekarang yang canggih dan modern ini, perkembangan teknologi sangatlah cepat terutama pada dunia bisnis. Bisnis yang sudah maju sebelum era teknologi sudah mulai menggunakan internet yang merupakan jaringan yang global yang menghubungkan satu komputer dengan komputer lainya dan bersaing dengan pemilik bisnis lainnya. Sehingga tingkat keberhasilan bisnis sangat ditentukan oleh teknologi.Perkembangan internet menyebabkan terbentuknya dunia baru yang disebut dunia maya. Di dunia maya,setiap individu memiliki hak dan kemampuan untuk berinteraksi dengan individu lain tanpa batasan apapun yang dapat menghalanginya. Globalisasi yang sempurna sebenarnya telah berjalan di dunia maya yang menghubungkan seluruh komunitas digital. Dari seluruh aspek kehidupan manusia yang terkena dampak kehadiran internet, sektor bisnis merupakan sektor yang paling terkena dampak dari perkembangan teknologi informasi dan telekomunikasi serta paling cepat tumbuh. Mobilitas manusia yang tinggi menuntut dunia perdagangan mampu menyediakan layanan jasa dan barang dengan cepat sesuai permintaan konsumen. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, kini muncul transaksi yang menggunakan media internet untuk menghubungkan produsen dan konsumen. Transaksi bisnis melalui internet lebih dikenal dengan nama e-business dan e-commerce. Melalui e-commerce, seluruh manusia di muka bumi memiliki kesempatan dan peluang yang sama untuk bersaing dan berhasil berbisnis di dunia maya.E-Business merupakan kegiatan berbisnis di Internet yang tidak saja meliputi pembelian, penjualan dan jasa, tapi juga meliputi pelayanan pelanggan dan kerja sama dengan rekan bisnis (baik individual maupun instansi).E-business diturunkan dari istilah seperti “e-mail” dan “e-commerce”, yaitu bisnis di internet. E-business adalah istilah yang lebih umum dari e-commerce karena tidak hanya mengarah pada aktifitas membeli dan menjual melainkan melayani konsumen dan bekerja sama dengan rekan-rekan bisnis lainnya atau dengan kata lain E-business merupakan interaksi dengan rekan-rekan bisnis.Fungsi dari E-business yaitu untuk mensupport bagian dari marketing, produksi, accounting, finance, dan human resource management. Proses transaksi online memegang peranan yang sangat penting pada e-business.
Volatile constituents of hydrocolloids isolated from Afzelia africana and Detarium microcarpum seeds
Authors: Int Chem
Published: April 2019

The seed endosperms of Afzelia africana and Detarium microcarpum are known materials for soup thickening in Southeast and some other parts of Nigeria. The hydrocolloids responsible for the thickening effect were isolated from the seed endosperms and characterised using GC-MC technique. The volatile fraction of A. africana seed hydrocolloids showed the presence of seventeen constituents consisting of aromatic (0.80%), hydrocarbons (7.67%), phenolic (0.39%), esters (10.19%), fatty acids (36.35%), alcohols (42.24%) and steroid (2.36%). On the other hand, twenty two compounds were identified in the seed hydrocolloids of D. microcarpum. They consist of hydrocarbons (20.32 %), aromatics (2.14 %), aldehyde (0.49%), phenolic (0.37%), fatty acids (67.80%), esters (5.09 %) and alcohol (3.80%). This investigation reveals that the two hydrocolloids contain appreciable amount of volatile phytochemicals that could provide certain physiological benefits to the body. Hydrocolloids from D. microcarpum contain more volatile phytochemicals than that of A. africana.
Adsorption of methylene blue on bituminous schists from Tarfaya-Boujdour
Authors: Int Chem
Published: April 2019

In this work, the reactivity of the surface of bituminous schists has been studied using a cation adsorbent, so-called Methylene Blue (MB). This bituminous schist is a calcareous clay rock that contains some amounts of organic matter. The samples were collected from an outcrop of Lamsied (Laâyoune), zone around Tarfaya-Boujdour. Once the granulometry of samples was well determined, the rocks were characterized by X-ray diffraction and they were analysed by X-ray fluorescence. Some parameters were considered relevant on the adsorption of MB by surface rock and they have been studied. One of these parameters is the adsorbed molecules-adsorbent contact time. This is the contact between a starting concentration of MB and a certain mass of gross rock. The analysis of results has shown that adsorption of MB can be well modelled by the Langmuir isotherm and also that a rapid kinetic (<100 min for L-type) can be fitted by a second-order equation model. The gross rock takes 84 % of the amount of MB in aqueous phase at a time less than 1min, using a rock mass of 0.1 g.
Role of molecular diffusion in the recovery of water flood residual oil
Authors: Int Chem
Published: April 2019

Traditionally, carbon dioxide (CO2) injection has been considered an inefficient method for enhancing oil recovery from naturally fractured reservoirs. Obviously, it would be useful to experimentally investigate the efficiency of waterflooding naturally fractured reservoirs followed by carbon dioxide (CO2) injection. This issue was investigated by performing water imbibition followed by CO2 gravity drainage experiments on artificially fractured cores at reservoir conditions. The experiments were designed to illustrate the actual process of waterflooding and CO2 gravity drainage in a naturally fractured reservoir in the Brass Area, Bayelsa. The results demonstrate that CO2 gravity drainage could significantly increase oil recovery after a waterflood. During the experiments, the effects of different parameters such as permeability, initial water saturation and injection scheme was also examined. It was found that the efficiency of the CO2 gravity drainage decrease as the rock permeability decreases and the initial water saturation increases. Cyclic CO2 injection helped to improve oil recovery during the CO2 gravity drainage process which alters the water imbibition. Oil samples produced in the experiment were analyzed using gas chromatography to determine the mechanism of CO2-improved oil production from tight matrix blocks. The results show that lighter components are extracted and produced early in the test. The results of these experiments validate the premises that CO2 could be used to recover oil from a tight and unconfined matrix efficiently.
Comparative experimental study on the COD removal in aqueous solution of pesticides by the electrocoagulation process using monopolar iron electrodes
Authors: Int Chem
Published: April 2019

A comparative study for the COD removal of Chlorpyrifos, Fenitrothion (3%) and Acetamiprid (20%) by electrocoagulation process was performed. The effect of various parameters of electrocoagulation (EC) on removal efficiency was studied and optimized. The COD removal using nonpolar iron electrodes was affected by current density, contact time, initial pH and initial concentration of pesticides. The optimum conditions for the electrocoagulation process were identified as contact time (4, 5 and 10 min), for a maximum abatement of 100 mg/L pesticide solution, respectively. The results provide an important idea for the development electrocoagulation process to remove pesticides significantly along with COD removal using moderate iron concentration, thereby lowering the cost of treatment. Moreover, results show that the pesticide was removal quickly with a maximum rate of 87% for the contact time of 4 min, which revealed that pesticides wastewater can be treated using electrocoagulation.
Work in Progress: Aligning What We Want With What We Seek: Increasing Comprehensive Review in the Graduate Admissions Process
Authors: Stiner-Jones La'Tonia , Windl Wolfgang
Published: April 2019

To improve the identification of students likely to complete a graduate degree, we sought to change our process and the way we evaluate students for admission. For this, we changed the application and review process to include an assessment of applicants’ non-cognitive variables based on Sedlacek’s work and the Fisk-Vanderbilt MS-PhD Bridge Program admissions model. In 2016, our Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) Department piloted the incorporation of these changes. Consequently, MSE increased the enrollment of women and underrepresented minority students by 19% and 57%, respectively and we will be evaluating the impact of the changes on performance metrics and completion rates over time. Ahead of this application cycle, we have made changes to the applications of more of our graduate programs in the college. Most recently, we were asked to create a plan for the university. As changes continue, we will evaluate outcomes and impact within the college and across the university over time, which we hope will inform best practices for improving completion of graduate degrees and diversity of graduate programs.
DEMOKRATISASI (Ikhtiar Budaya dan Nilai Menuju Demokrasi)
Authors: Ibrahim
Published: April 2019

Term demokrasi dan demokratisasi kadang rancu. Lebih sering lagi adalah seseorang mengkhotbakan demokratisasi dengan basis pijakan identitas tertentu sehingga ia sebetulnya berteriak atas nama demokrasi untuk sesuatu yang sifatnya tidak demokratis. Kerapkali juga, seseorang berdiri dalam bungkus kediktatoran, namun dengan sedikit pengertian sempit mengenai demokrasi, ia menganggap dirinya berbicara secara demokratis. Demokrasi adalah budaya dan nilai. Bukan baskom, yang didalamnya kita masuk dan bergoyang-goyang. Demokrasi adalah budaya hidup dan nilai yang untuk menikmatinya harus diperjuangkan secara sadar. Tulisan ini memberi pemahaman dasar mengenai konsep dasar demokrasi, corak perjuangannya, dan varian-varian yang melekat didalamnya.
Agama, Negara, dan Ruang Publik
Authors: Ibrahim
Published: April 2019

Ruang publik seringkali disengketakan. Klaim atas kepemilikan ruang publik pada ranah praksis menyebabkan banyaknya konflik yang mengarah, tidak hanya pada potensi disintegrasi, tetapi juga sampai pada tataran penggerusan nilainilai dasar kemanusiaan. Sudiarja (2008:63) mengatakan bahwa kelompokkelompok sedemikian rupa bersaing dalam masyarakat sehingga kelompok yang tidak berafiliasi pada kelompok dengan keyakinan tertentu kurang mendapatkan perhatian. Kondisi ini menurut Sudiarja sangat berpeluang dalam membentuk corak masyarakat ke-aku-an (me-first society) sebagaimana dikritik oleh Giddens. Kondisi kehidupan keagamaan di Indonesia dewasa ini adalah contoh nyata dari perebutan atas ruang publik. Juga merupakan aplikasi dari ketidakteraturan gagasan dalam penataan ruang publik yang damai bagi masyarakat plural seperti Indonesia. Masyarakat postsekular yang dibayangkan Habermas berusaha memadu-padankan eksistensi agama di ruang-ruang modernitas masih nampak tergagap dalam upaya implementasinya. Memang, sekalipun Habermas tidak akrab dengan fenomena kemasyarakatan di Indonesia, namun gagasanya tentang ruang publik sangat inspiratif bagi penataan kehidupan sosial yang equal dan bebas dari prasangka mayoritas semata. Tulisan ini akan mengeksplorasi pandangan Habermas mengenai ruang publik dan penulis berkepentingan untuk menunjukkan kasus praktis untuk sebuah catatan reflektif.
Assessing and Improving the Experience of Underrepresented Populations: A Participatory Design Approach
Authors: Young Scott W. H. , Fargo Hailley , Borrelli Steve , Chao Zoe , Gass Carmen , Swedman David
Published: April 2019

How can we ensure that underrepresented populations succeed at our institutions? Participatory Design offers one answer to this question. Participatory Design is a socially-active, values-driven approach to co-creation that seeks to give voice to those who have been traditionally unheard. A team of librarians from Penn State University (PSU) and Montana State University (MSU) followed a parallel design process with two different populations: PSU worked with first-generation students and MSU worked with Native American students. Each project team facilitated a series of 10 workshops with student participants that followed a three-phase process: exploration, generation, and evaluation.•During the exploration phase, we explored topics, concepts, and problems relating to the library experience of participants. •During the generation phase, we generated ideas and potential solutions around key topics explored in the first phase. •During the evaluation phase, we evaluated and implemented the most desirable, feasible, and viable solutions generated in the second phase. Through this process, the first-generation student group at PSU produced new service designs for engaging other first-generation students, while the Native American student group at MSU produced a seven-part poster series and social media campaign designed to welcome Native American students into the library. In addition to co-designing new services, Participatory Design also aims to generate political outcomes that focus on empowering participants. The foundational values of Participatory Design include mutual learning, power sharing, and the equal recognition of expertise among all participants. Within this equity-focused, participatory framework, the students participants became expert library users who expressed readiness to advocate for the library to their peers. More than that, the students—members of underrepresented populations who often feel at the margins—developed a stronger sense of place and confidence on campus that will contribute to their success at our institutions. And for the librarian facilitators, the in-depth co-design process enhanced our ability to understand these student populations. We gained new insights into the experience of our student participants that we can apply to better serve these important populations. Ultimately, the Participatory Design process equipped us with the tools and insights to assess and improve the conditions of their success.In this way, we found Participatory Design to be an empowering, compassionate, and effective approach for designing and assessing library services and experiences. This paper will present the principles of Participatory Design, our step-by-step process, and the challenges and limitations of this approach. The key takeaway of this paper will be practical recommendations for building a sustainable, participatory design and assessment program with underrepresented populations.
Nostalgia as an emerging property of the Projective Consciousness Model
Authors: Bhattacharjee Manik , Rudrauf David
Published: April 2019

The projective consciousness model (PCM) is a recently developed computational model of consciousness that allows an agent to project itself by imagination into an internal world model constantly updated through Bayesian inference from sensory evidence. The PCM acts to minimize free energy (FE) which is related to the divergence between predicted or preferred states and experienced states. The PCM uses its imagination to evaluate non-local situations. To increase psychological realism, we added a basic episodic memory to the PCM, which allows an agent to explicitly project itself in its past. As the PCM agent explores simulated worlds, it keeps a memory of its location and experienced FE across multiple layers of appraisal. When FE cannot be further minimized across possible local directions of action, the agent projects itself across space based on prior beliefs about either the present or the past, in an attempt to further lower its FE. Using simulations, we show that recalling pleasant memories allows a PCM agent to lower FE, in situations where it is stuck with no other solution for FE minimization based on direct action or projections of possible future actions. Nostalgia is often defined as taking pleasure in recalling positive, soothing past events as a result of negative feelings in the present. The behavior of the PCM, which emerges from combining projective mechanisms, FE minimization and an episodic memory, is consistent with this definition.
Metacontrol of decision-making strategies in human aging
Authors: Bolenz Florian , Kool Wouter , Reiter Andrea M.F. , Eppinger Ben
Published: April 2019

When making decisions, humans employ different strategies which are commonly formalized as model-free and model-based reinforcement learning. While previous research has reported reduced model-based control with aging, it remains unclear whether this is due to limited cognitive capacities or a reduced willingness to engage in an effortful strategy. Moreover, it is not clear how aging affects the metacontrol of decision making, i.e. the dynamic adaptation of decision-making strategies to varying situational demands. To this end, we tested younger and older adults in a sequential decision-making task that dissociates model-free and model-based control. In contrast to previous research, in this study we applied a task in which model-based control led to higher payoffs in terms of monetary reward. Moreover, we manipulated the costs and benefits associated with model-based control by varying reward magnitude as well as the stability of the task structure. Compared to younger adults, older adults showed reduced reliance on model-based decision making and less adaptation of decision-making strategies to varying costs and benefits of model-based control. Our findings suggest that aging affects the dynamic metacontrol of decision-making strategies and that reduced model-based control in older adults is due to limited cognitive abilities to represent the structure of the task.
Twin block appliance: Effect on pharyngeal airway
Authors: Thapa Vivek Bikram , Shrestha Amrita , Sherchan Prabesh , Poudel Prakash , Joshi Luna
Published: April 2019

Background: Mandibular retrusion is the main cause of Skeletal Class II malocclusion characterized by skeletal retrusion of mandible with skeletal or dentoalveolar protrusion of maxillary.

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate effect of treatment with twin-block appliances on pharyngeal dimensions.

Methodology: This study was conducted in in the Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics in Kathmandu Medical College. Twenty patients of age group 7 to 14 years with skeletal class II malocclusion with mandibular retrusion were selected. Variables evaluated were depth of nasopharynx; height of nasopharynx; depth of oropharynx; depth of hypopharynx; soft palate length; soft palate thickness and soft palate inclination. The lateral cephalograms were obtained for all subjects before the start of treatment and after a follow-up period of approximately three months in treatment.

Results: Results showed that depth of nasopharynx increased by 1 mm, height of nasopharynx increased by 0.78 mm, depth of nasopharynx increased by 1.97 mm, depth of hypopharynx increased by 0.79 mm, soft palate length decreased by 4 mm, soft palate thickness increased by 2 mm and soft palate inclination decreased by 7.01 mm. The results for depth of pharynx and soft palate thickness were statistically significant.

Conclusion: This study concluded that the use of twin block appliance for class II patients corrects sagittal dimension of oropharynx and hypopharynx. Early intervention for mandibular retrognathism in class II malocclusion helps enlarge the airway dimensions and decrease potential risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome for growing patients in the future.
Processes of Acquisition a Second Language and Learning a Foreign Language: Terminology Standardisation and Harmonization
Authors: Turkevych Oksana
Published: April 2019

The article analyzes microgroup of terms relating to the process of second language acquisition or foreign language learning (language aptitude, interlanguage, language competence, language performance, language proficiency). The semantics of this group is analyzed and some aspects of normalization (compliance with linguistic and terminological norms) and harmonization (compliance with variants that function in English) are proposed.

The difference between the terms of language acquisition and language learning is specified. The author of the article proves the idea that the acquisition of the second language is an unconscious process of producing the language, when a person implicitly assimilates speech samples and produces them intuitively. Learning a foreign language is a conscious process of producing a language when a person explicitly learns speech samples and produces them consciously.

Language aptitude denotes the innate ability of a person which develops with the experience of communication, and it is a kind of mechanism that allows the mental and physiological levels to master the language.

It is revealed that bilingualism (natural and educational) can be the result of different strategies of language mastering and thus there are various mechanisms for its formation. It is found out that interlanguage is a language that is characterizing a person who learns a new language, and it is the result of the interaction of language systems, rules, norms of native language and the language which is learned. It is dynamic and reflects the appropriate level of language proficiency.

The relationship between terms language competence (a set of language knowledge), language performance (production and comprehension of language), and language proficiency (ability of an individual to speak or perform in a language according to the aim of communication) is determined. These terms are at the stage of entry into Ukrainian science.
Family vs Discourse
Authors: Brovkina Oxana , Baranova Svitlana
Published: April 2019

The article presents the investigation of the main communicative characteristics of the English family discourse considering some psycholinguistic aspects. The investigation was based on the discourse fragments which were microdialogues between family members selected from literary works of the XX – beginning of the XXI century by means of continuous sampling. The scientists’ views concerning the peculiarities of communication in the family were analyzed. The research is theoretically based on the modern linguistic approaches to the study of the discourse as a complex versatile phenomenon.

The article treats the family discourse as the communicative interaction of the speakers related by family (marital and consanguineous) ties, connected spiritually, by common household and mutual moral responsibility. It is found out that the discourse under investigation is characterized by such communicative characteristics as dialogicality, addressability, spontaneity, situationality, everyday character and informality. The communication in the family acquires a dialogical form. The interaction takes place through the direct contact of the speakers that are keenly conscious of the circumstances in which the communication proceeds. The content of the family dialogical speech can be understood when the situation in which it is developing is considered. There is a distinct correlation between the dialogical speech and the situation whose external circumstances can be absent at the moment of speech, but they are implied in the interlocutors’ consciousness and definitely reflected in it. Speech behaviour of each dialogue participant is greatly determined by partner’s speech behaviour, his/her psychological state, character and breeding. The interaction of the relatives displays the absence of the strict regulation of literary norms, arbitrary choice of lexical units, breach of normative speech rules, use of deictic means. The necessity to study the family discourse regarding a communicative situation that presupposes the notions of dominating strategy and tactics is focused on.
Análisis de las reconsultas en 24 horas en un Departamento de Emergencias Pediátricas durante el periodo epidemico de infecciones respiratorias
Authors: López Valeria , Pavlicich Viviana , Morilla Laura , Mesquita Mirta
Published: April 2019

Introducción: Conocer las características de las reconsultas en un servicio de urgencia, permite  realizar intervenciones para mejorar la calidad de la atención. La reconsulta dentro de las 24 hs puede implicar un error en la apreciación de la gravedad o una insatisfacción del usuario respecto al resultado de su consulta inicial. Objetivo: Conocer las características de las Reconsultas dentro de las 24 horas en el Departamento de Emergencias Pediátricas (DEP) durante un período epidémico.

Materiales y métodos: Estudio Observacional Descriptivo de corte Transversal Retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes entre 0 a 18 años que reconsultaron dentro de las 24 horas en el DEP de un hospital pediátrico de referencia. Se analizó: edad, sexo, triage, procedencia, motivo de consulta, diagnóstico, hospitalización, intervenciones, exámenes complementarios (laboratorio e imágenes), tiempo de reconsulta. Los datos fueron analizados con SPSSv21. Las variables cualitativas se expresaron como porcentajes, la relación entre variables se realizó mediante la prueba de chi cuadrado de Pearson, las cuantitativas se expresaron como promedios con sus desviaciones estándar.

Resultados: En el período de estudio consultaron 28.882 pacientes, 4% (1.169) reconsultaron , todos ingresaron al estudio. La mediana de edad fue de 24 meses (2 - 204), el 59,4% provenían de zonas fuera de la ciudad de San Lorenzo, área de referencia del hospital. El nivel de triage fue en su mayoría III y IV. El tiempo entre la primera consulta y la reconsulta fue de 16±6 horas, los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron las enfermedades respiratorias: síndrome bronquial obstructivo (SBO) (14%), resfrío (13%), bronquiolitis (13%). Se realizaron intervenciones en 31,2% y exámenes complementarios en 17,4%. El 13,3% (156/1169) de las reconsultas fueron hospitalizadas y requirieron un mayor porcentaje de intervenciones.

Conclusión: Aunque entre las reconsultas predominó un nivel de triage de baja prioridad, existió la necesidad de realizar intervenciones. Un grupo de pacientes necesitó ser hospitalizado. La epidemia de enfermedades respiratorias en el mes analizado podría ser un factor contribuyente.

 

Correspondencia: Valeria Angela María López Cubilla  Correo: valelocubilla@gmail.com

Conflicto de interés: Los autores declaran no poseer conflicto de interés

Recibido: 25/04/2019       Aceptado: 13/04/2019
Factors Affecting Duration of Unemployment among Young Graduates of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (An Approach to Duration Analysis)
Authors: Atta ur Rahman  , Khan Adnan , Jamal Waseef
Published: April 2019

The study was designed to calculate the waiting time for employment for graduates in KP with respect to their level of education and specialization in the field. Contribution of demographic, socioeconomic status, language proficiency, job preferences, job search methods and nepotisms was also measured regarding thewaiting time for employment. Responses of 791 respondents collected through multi-stage non-probability sampling were analyzed with the help of the wellknown Kaplan Meier and Cox regression models and Cox proportional hazard models. The study concluded that a graduate waited for 15 months to be employed during the period 2003-2014. Age, language proficiency, level of education, specialization, language proficiency, nepotism and socio economic factors have significant influence on waiting time for employment. The study recommends the development of integrated frame work for information about trends of unemployment, career counseling and elimination of unemployment at national level.