bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glucose variability during the early course of acute pancreatitis predicts two‐year probability of new‐onset diabetes: A prospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Bharmal Sakina H. , Cho Jaelim , Ko Juyeon , Petrov Maxim S.
Published: February 2022

Background

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is the largest contributor to diabetes of the exocrine pancreas. However, there is no accurate predictor at the time of hospitalisation for AP to identify individuals at high risk for new‐onset diabetes.

Objective

To investigate the accuracy of indices of glucose variability (GV) during the early course of AP in predicting the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) trajectories during follow‐up.

Methods

This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study of patients without diabetes at the time of hospitalisation for AP. Fasting blood glucose was regularly measured over the first 72 h of hospital admission. The study endpoint was the HbA1c trajectories ‐ high‐increasing, moderate‐stable, normal‐stable ‐ over two years of follow‐up. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the associations between several common GV indices and the HbA1c trajectories, adjusting for covariates (age, sex, and body mass index). A sensitivity analysis constrained to patients with non‐necrotising AP was conducted.

Results

A total of 120 consecutive patients were studied. All patients in the high‐increasing HbA1c trajectory group had new‐onset diabetes at 18 and 24 months of follow‐up. Glycaemic lability index had the strongest significant direct association (adjusted odds ratio = 13.69; p = 0.040) with the high‐increasing HbA1c trajectory. High admission blood glucose, standard deviation of blood glucose, and average real variability significantly increased the patients' odds of taking the high‐increasing HbA1c trajectory by at least two‐times. Admission blood glucose, but not the other GV indices, had a significant direct association (adjusted odds ratio = 1.46; p = 0.034) with the moderate‐stable HbA1c trajectory. The above findings did not change materially in patients with non‐necrotising AP alone.

Conclusions

High GV during the early course of AP gives a prescient warning of worsening HbA1c pattern and new‐onset diabetes after hospital discharge. Determining GV during hospitalisation could be a relatively straightforward approach to early identification of individuals at high risk for new‐onset diabetes after AP.
Enhancement of Red Upconversion Emission of ZnS: Er3+/Yb3+ Powders Synthesized via Solid Phase Reaction Method by Introducing Metal Fluoride
Authors: Dong Yanhao , Yang Qinghua , Wang Huanping , Li Yinqun , Xu Shiqing
Published: February 2022

ZnS: Er3+/Yb3+ powders were synthesized by a common solid phase reaction method with NaF, CaF2, LiF, AlF3 and MgF2 as dopant. The enhancement mechanisms of different metal fluorides (NaF, CaF2, LiF, AlF3 and MgF2) and concentrations (0 wt% ∼9 wt %) on structure, morphology and optical properties of ZnS: Er3+/Yb3+ powders were investigated systematically. The results revealed that as synthesized ZnS: Er3+/Yb3+ powders are main exhibited as wurtzite phase, the lattice constant, unit cell volume and lattice strain increase with metal fluoride codoping, which indicates the increase of resultant distortion. As synthesized ZnS: Er3+/Yb3+ powders have an intense red upconversion emission centered at 663 nm and a weak green upconversion emission centered at 567 nm under the excitation of a 980 nm laser diode. Compared with ZnS: Er3+/Yb3+ powders synthesized without metal fluoride, the upconversion emission intensities of ZnS: Er3+/Yb3+ powders synthesized with LiF, NaF, MgF2, AlF3 and CaF enhance ∼12 times, ∼9 times, ∼5 times, ∼3 times and ∼3 times, respectively. The strong red upconversion properties make the ZnS: Er3+/Yb3+ powders synthesized with metal fluoride a potential application in the field of light emitting diodes.
Determinants of Contract Renewals in University–Industry Contract Research: Going my Way, or Good Sam?
Authors: Yoshioka-Kobayashi Tohru , Takahashi Makiko
Published: February 2022

Long-term university–industry contract research benefits both universities and the industry, as it can potentially reduce transaction costs and improve the quality of such collaborations. Nevertheless, trade-offs between the advantages and disadvantages of long-term contracts motivate firms to enter stage-gate contracts (i.e., a shorter contract period with an expectation of renewal or extension) to avoid uncertainty over collaboration’s performance. This study addresses two less understood questions in the contract renewal or extension decision: longitudinal changes in the strength of the commitment to the collaboration and the determinants of renewals. We empirically test these issues with 1562 research contracts from a leading Japanese university, and we match this database to a questionnaire survey results obtained from its industrial counterparts. Our empirical test identified an inverse-U-shaped effect on the degree of commitment in the time elapsed since the first research contract. We also found that firms are more likely to renew or extend a contract when they perceive technological knowledge learning or co-publish an academic paper. Our findings suggest that university–industry contract research focused on academic research-related activities (or academic researcher’s “going my way”) is likely to establish long-term collaborations.
Modelled lung deposition and retention of welding fume particles in occupational scenarios: a comparison to doses used in vitro
Authors: McCarrick Sarah , Karlsson Hanna L. , Carlander Ulrika
Published: February 2022

Translating particle dose from in vitro systems to relevant human exposure remains a major challenge for the use of in vitro studies in assessing occupational hazard and risk of particle exposure. This study aimed to model the lung deposition and retention of welding fume particles following occupational scenarios and subsequently compare the lung doses to those used in vitro. We reviewed published welding fume concentrations and size distributions to identify input values simulating real-life exposure scenarios in the multiple path particle dosimetry (MPPD) model. The majority of the particles were reported to be below 0.1 μm and mass concentrations ranged between 0.05 and 45 mg/m3. Following 6-h exposure to 5 mg/m3 with a count median diameter of 50 nm, the tracheobronchial lung dose (0.89 µg/cm2) was found to exceed the in vitro cytotoxic cell dose (0.125 µg/cm2) previously assessed by us in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC-3kt). However, the tracheobronchial retention decreased rapidly when no exposure occurred, in contrast to the alveolar retention which builds-up over time and exceeded the in vitro cytotoxic cell dose after 1.5 working week. After 1 year, the tracheobronchial and alveolar retention was estimated to be 1.15 and 2.85 µg/cm2, respectively. Exposure to low-end aerosol concentrations resulted in alveolar retention comparable to cytotoxic in vitro dose in HBEC-3kt after 15–20 years of welding. This study demonstrates the potential of combining real-life exposure data with particle deposition modelling to improve the understanding of in vitro concentrations in the context of human occupational exposure.
Exploring the correlation between salt tolerance and yield: research advances and perspectives for salt-tolerant forage sorghum selection and genetic improvement
Authors: Amombo Erick , Ashilenje Dennis , Hirich Abdelaziz , Kouisni Lamfeddal , Oukarroum Abdallah , Ghoulam Cherki , El Gharous Mohamed , Nilahyane Abdelaziz
Published: February 2022

Main conclusion

Some salt stress response mechanisms can translate into sorghum forage yield and thus act as targets for genetic improvement.

Sorghum is a drought-tolerant cereal that is widely grown in the vast Africa’s arid and semi-arid areas. Apart from drought, salinity is a major abiotic factor that, in addition to natural causes, has been exacerbated by increased poor anthropological activities. The importance of sorghum as a forage crop in saline areas has yet to be fully realized. Despite intraspecific variation in salt tolerance, sorghum is generally moderately salt-tolerant, and its productivity in saline soils can be remarkably limited. This is due to the difficulty of replicating optimal field saline conditions due to the great heterogeneity of salt distribution in the soil. As a promising fodder crop for saline areas, classic phenotype-based selection methods can be integrated with modern -omics in breeding programs to simultaneously address salt tolerance and production. To enable future manipulation, selection, and genetic improvement of sorghum with high yield and salt tolerance, here, we explore the potential positive correlations between the reliable indices of sorghum performance under salt stress at the phenotypic and genotypic level. We then explore the potential role of modern selection and genetic improvement programs in incorporating these linked salt tolerance and yield traits and propose a mechanism for future studies.
Dicyphus predatory bugs pre-established on tomato plants reduce Nesidiocoris tenuis population growth
Authors: Mouratidis Angelos , Leman Ada , Poelman Erik H. , Messelink Gerben
Published: February 2022

Generalist predators are increasingly used in biological pest control for greenhouse crops, as they control multiple pests and persist in crops even when prey is scarce. However, some of these predators may cause plant damage due to their omnivorous feeding behaviour. In many European regions, the omnivorous predator Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is considered to be a serious tomato pest, regardless of the biological control services it offers, and integrated pest management (IPM) strategies are based instead on Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur). However, as N. tenuis may competitively displace M. pygmaeus and cause severe damage, growers often resort to pesticide use, disrupting their biological control practice. In this study, we evaluated the competitive interactions of three mirid predators, Dicyphus errans Wolff, Dicyphus bolivari Lindberg, and Dicyphus cerastii Wagner, with N. tenuis. The results showed that pre-establishment of heterospecific mirid species can successfully suppress N. tenuis in the greenhouse; population growth was reduced by more than 90% compared to plants without competing predators. Further laboratory trials revealed reciprocal intraguild predation between these species in the absence of extraguild prey. Dicyphus adults predated on N. tenuis nymphs, while this was not found for M. pygmaeus. In olfactometer bioassays, N. tenuis females preferred plants previously exposed to heterospecifics but not conspecifics, suggesting that this mirid does not avoid competition. These results suggest that the three Dicyphus species could be interesting candidates for preventive releases in tomato crops due to their ability to effectively suppress N. tenuis population growth.
Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Potency of Selenium-Enriched Probiotic Mutants in Mice with Induced Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Khattab Abd El-Nasser , Darwish Ahmed M. , Othman Sarah I. , Allam Ahmed A. , Alqhtani Haifa A.
Published: February 2022

Selenium-enriched Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium longum mutants were used as a protector against Piroxicam-induced ulcerative colitis (UC). In this study, 32 BALB/c male mice were distributed to four groups: the control group, the Piroxicam group which was given 0.8 mg Piroxicam, SP and SB groups which were given 0.8 mg Piroxicam, and plus Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium longum selenium-enriched mutants, respectively. Bodyweight; serum content of IgG, IgM, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10; CBC; myeloperoxidase enzyme activity; histopathological examination of colon and spleen; and expression of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 genes in colon and spleen with qRT-PCR were determined. Bodyweight was found to reduce in the Piroxicam group and then recovery in the SB group. Serum content of IgG, IL-2, and IL-10 reduced in the Piroxicam group, whereas IgG, TNF-α, and IL-6 increased in the Piroxicam group in comparison to the other groups. Myeloperoxidase activity witnessed a significant increase in the Piroxicam group compared with the other groups. No significant differences were observed between all groups in measurements of red cells, hemoglobin, neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil in blood. Meanwhile, the white blood cells and platelets recorded the highest and lowest value, respectively, in the Piroxicam group. The colon of the Piroxicam group showed a noticeably massive infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. These inflammations were mildly reduced in the SP group, while the reduction in the SB group was significant. In the Piroxicam group, splenic parenchyma saw an increase in the number of melanomacrophages, while hypertrophic plasma cells were observed in the SP group. The spleen of the SB group exhibits a nearly normal form. TNF-α and IL-6 genes had significantly upregulated in the colon of the Piroxicam group compared to the control group, while they were significantly downregulated in the SB group. In contrast, IL-2 and IL-10 genes had upregulated in the colon of the SB group compared to the control groups, while they had downregulated in the Piroxicam group. The expression of these genes had not recorded significant differences between all groups in the spleen. Therefore, this study recommends Bifidobacterium longum selenium-enriched mutants as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory supplements.
Klinische uitkomsten na implantatie van een speciaal voor de falloplastiek ontwikkelde erectieprothese
Authors: Pigot Garry L. S. , van Leeuwen Joost W. , de Rooij Freek P. W. , Ronkes Brechje L. , van der Sluis Wouter B. , Bouman Mark-Bram
Published: February 2022

Samenvatting

Dit artikel beschrijft de klinische uitkomsten na implantatie van de erectieprothese voor de falloplastiek bij transmannen. Bijgehouden zijn hun demografische gegevens, type prothese (hydraulisch of semirigide), operatieve gegevens en intra- en postoperatieve complicaties. Daarnaast werd nagegaan hoeveel procent van de mannen seksueel actief was met penetratieve seks. Van de 18 semirigide erectieprothesen werd er één verwijderd vanwege dreigende erosie en werden er vier gewisseld naar de hydraulische. Van deze 42 werden er vier (9,5%) verwijderd vanwege een infectie, bij vier mannen werd een (9,5%) langere prothese geplaatst en vonden vijf (11,9%) heroperaties plaats vanwege materiaalproblematiek. Implantatie van de voor falloplastiek ontwikkelde erectieprothese laat gunstige resultaten zien. Het merendeel van de mannen is in staat tot penetratieve seks.
La nutrizione nel paziente oncologico: a che punto siamo?
Authors: Cogorno Ludovica , Poggiogalle Eleonora , Donini Lorenzo M.
Published: February 2022

Sommario

La prima osservazione che la malnutrizione e la perdita di peso contribuiscano alla morte dei malati di cancro in maniera significativa e indipendentemente dagli effetti del tumore stesso risale a più di 70 anni fa. Da allora l’intervento nutrizionale, inteso sia come screening sia come trattamento medico orientato alla ricerca e alla cura della malnutrizione, ha assunto sempre più significato nella gestione della patologia tumorale. Ciò sia al suo esordio sia durante la naturale evoluzione della malattia, anche quando accompagnata dai trattamenti medici convenzionali (radioterapia, chemioterapia, chirurgia e cure palliative). La nutrizione artificiale nelle sue diverse declinazioni (supplementi nutrizionali orali, nutrizione enterale e parenterale), la farmacoterapia, il protocollo enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) e l’immunonutrizione sono ad oggi gli strumenti a nostra disposizione per invertire o almeno arrestare il processo prima che sopraggiunga la cachessia. Questa breve rassegna nasce con l’intento di descrivere a che punto siamo nel trattamento nutrizionale del paziente oncologico e quali sono ad oggi le evidenze di efficacia dei vari interventi nei diversi momenti di malattia.
Beyond the Classroom: Inspiring Medical and Health Science Students to Learn Surface Anatomy
Authors: Diaz Claudia M.
Published: February 2022

This qualitative and quantitative study offered students the opportunity to participate in engaging and inspiring activities “outside the classroom”, to extend their experience and knowledge of surface anatomy. Medical and health science students benefit from studying surface anatomy as it is relevant to their future professions that deal with patients and clients. Surface anatomy is an essential part of the learning process that allows students an opportunity to identify anatomical structures on living people and to develop their palpation and tactile skills for physical examinations of patients. Body painting is a student-centred, engaging, and motivating approach to learn surface anatomy in anatomy practical classes. In this study, anatomy learning was extended “beyond the classroom” through extra-curricular body painting projects. These projects were run by student teams consisting of a student model, student artists (4–5), and a student photographer, under the direction of the chief investigator. A total of sixteen body painting projects were carried out from 2010 to show the skeletal system, the muscular system, pregnancy, respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, and the neurovascular systems of the entire body. A SurveyMonkey of 31/41 active participants suggested that participants enjoyed the projects (94–100%), found them relevant to their future profession (80–87%), and considered them to assist with deeper understanding (94%) and long-term memory (93%) of anatomy. Learning anatomy outside the classroom through extra-curricular body painting projects was a successful way to engage, motivate, and inspire participants and first year anatomy students to study surface anatomy and to develop their physical examination skills.
Experimental determination of wetting behavior under non-atmospheric conditions relevant to reservoirs: a practical guide
Authors: Samara Hanin , Jaeger Philip
Published: February 2022

The wetting behavior in subsurface reservoirs plays a crucial role in storage, migration and liberation of fluid phases that are especially relevant to the energy sector. Further, the three-phase contact angle is important for implementing safe and successful subsurface storage of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. For reliable statements on the in situ wetting, it is important to be aware of the decisive factors of influence in order to design and perform the respective experiments in an appropriate way. This paper discusses the most important effects that shall be considered when determining contact angles experimentally, like drop size, surface roughness, aging process, dynamic behavior, and the pH, giving some valuable guidance to guarantee significant results. A drop base diameter of no less than 5 mm is found to be appropriate to minimize the impact of gravity on the contact angle under reservoir conditions. It is further confirmed that surface roughness contributes to better water wetting when the contact angles are below 90°. The versatility of contact angle measurements is shown through the dual-drop dual-crystal method that can be applied to estimate the adhesion forces present at the rock-brine interface and that need to be overcome by the flooding liquid to effectively displace hydrocarbons from the pores.
Indices on cryptocurrencies: an evaluation
Authors: Häusler Konstantin , Xia Hongyu
Published: February 2022

Several cryptocurrency (CC) indices track the dynamics of the rising CC sector, and soon ETFs will be issued on them. We conduct a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the currently existing CC indices. As the CC sector is not yet consolidated, index issuers face the challenge of tracking the dynamics of a fast-growing sector that is under continuous transformation. We propose several criteria and various measures to compare the indices under review. Major differences between the indices lie in their weighting schemes, their coverage of CCs and the number of constituents, the level of transparency, and thus, their accuracy in mapping the dynamics of the CC sector. Our analysis reveals that simple market cap-weighted indices outperform their competitors. Interestingly, increasing the number of constituents does not automatically lead to a better fit of the CC sector. All codes are available on "Image missing".
Appropriate solid waste management system in Quelimane (Mozambique): study and design of a small-scale center for plastic sorting with wastewater treatment
Authors: Villa Francesca , Vinti Giovanni , Vaccari Mentore
Published: February 2022

Appropriate solid waste management (SWM) strategies are necessary to avoid severe environmental and sanitary impacts, especially in low-income countries. Such strategies are most likely to succeed whether implementing actors are supported by scientific research. In this paper, the results of a collaboration between local authorities and researchers are presented and discussed that are the assessment of waste generation in the city of Quelimane (Mozambique), integrating existing and field-collected data and the design of a small-scale center for plastic sorting to complement the SWM system of the city. The center is expected to receive about 0.3–0.4 t/day of plastic waste (5%–7% of the overall amount of plastic waste daily produced in Quelimane). As long-term sustainability represents a typical issue, simplicity of operation was a leading principle in the design of the center; moreover, the design included a treatment plant (WWTP) for generated wastewater, whose management is usually neglected in such interventions. Among others, natural wastewater treatment (constructed wetlands) has been chosen for its affordability. Noteworthy, the so-conceived WWTP appears as a novelty in the scientific literature associated with small-scale plastic sorting plants. The system is designed to treat an average flow of 6 m3/day and consisted of a septic tank followed by a subsurface flow constructed wetland. Overall, the COD (chemical oxygen demand) and TSS (total suspended solids) removal higher than 80% and 90% were estimated, respectively. Based on this work, both the center and the WWTP were successfully realized, which are waiting to become operational. In the authors’ opinion, the implemented procedure could become a reference for broader investigations and surveys.
The Italian contribution to the marketing literature
Authors: Galvagno Marco
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to describe the contribution of Italian scholars to the international literature of marketing, and to identify the intellectual structure of Italian scholars’ production, by mapping the co-authorships network and the main researched themes. Results highlight that Italian marketing scholars significantly intensified their productivity in the last ten years from different viewpoints. There has been a growing process of internationalization, a grownup of articles published by multiple co-authors in journals with higher impact factor, and a better performance in terms of citations of Italian papers compared to the international average. These results are all positive signals of a dynamic and developing community.
How a non-conscious robot could be an agent with capacity for morally responsible behaviour
Authors: Søvik Atle Ottesen
Published: February 2022

People have different opinions about which conditions robots would need to fulfil—and for what reasons—to be moral agents. Standardists hold that specific internal states (like rationality, free will or phenomenal consciousness) are necessary in artificial agents, and robots are thus not moral agents since they lack these internal states. Functionalists hold that what matters are certain behaviours and reactions—independent of what the internal states may be—implying that robots can be moral agents as long as the behaviour is adequate. This article defends a standardist view in the sense that the internal states are what matters for determining the moral agency of the robot, but it will be unique in being an internalist theory defending a large degree of robot responsibility, even though humans, but not robots, are taken to have phenomenal consciousness. This view is based on an event-causal libertarian theory of free will and a revisionist theory of responsibility, which combined explain how free will and responsibility can come in degrees. This is meant to be a middle position between typical compatibilist and libertarian views, securing the strengths of both sides. The theories are then applied to robots, making it possible to be quite precise about what it means that robots can have a certain degree of moral responsibility, and why. Defending this libertarian form of free will and responsibility then implies that non-conscious robots can have a stronger form of free will and responsibility than what is commonly defended in the literature on robot responsibility.
Two Masses in Relative Hooke’s Potential and Elliptic Integrals
Authors: Krasoń Piotr , Milewski Jan
Published: February 2022

We consider the relative motion of the system of two masses connected by a spring. We analyze it in a range of the Hooke’s law and show that the equations of the relative motion of the system are nonlinear once the equilibrium length of the spring is nonzero. Although the way of deriving the equations of motion is standard in classical mechanics solving them is a complicated and interesting problem of mathematical physics. The analysis leads naturally to elliptic integrals. We obtain complete formulas in an interesting, from both mathematical and physical point of view, way. Our analysis might be useful in some problems of molecular dynamics of diatomic molecules.
Climate change and the assemblages of school leaderships
Authors: Everth Thomas , Bright Ria
Published: February 2022

Anthropogenic climate change and the necessary transformation of society to mitigate its consequences constitutes an unprecedented educational challenge. Responding to the climate emergency and to society’s awakening climate activism generates a complex situation for school leadership in particular. Here, we report findings from our research with climate activist students and teachers in Aotearoa New Zealand. We argue that school leadership plays a crucial role in enabling student and teacher agency and the development of effective Climate Change Education in schools. We utilise assemblage thinking, situating this within the new materialisms, to conceptualise schools and their leadership as dynamic assemblages, and we discuss teacher and student experiences as actors across such assemblages. We conclude that deterritorialisation and decoding of educational institutions and their leadership practices can promote and enable education to become a driver of the cultural transformation of society that the climate emergency mandates.
A review of propeller stall flutter
Authors: Higgins R.J. , Barakos G.N. , Filippone A.
Published: February 2022

Research on propeller performance has been reinvigorated by the development of new classes of vehicles, ranging from electrically powered fixed-wing aircraft, to multi-rotor electrical Vertical Take-off/Landing (eVTOL) vehicles and tilt-rotor aircraft. These types of aircraft utilise a range of modern propellers, often with more advanced planforms and features such as anhedral, and operate in flight envelopes that are outwith the traditional bands of performance. The use of advanced materials (mostly composites), high geometrical sweeps and variable angular velocities are the source of unsteady aerodynamics, that is often coupled with the blade’s structural response. Data from experimental investigations is mostly historic, with the majority of studies conducted before 1960, when aviation shifted rapidly towards jet propulsion. These studies lack in flutter boundary assessment. Modern propellers are likely to be pushed toward their flutter boundaries, but the experimental database published to-date is insufficient to provide flutter boundary assessment. This review examines the value of the available experimental research and the status of the state-of-the-art numerical methods, in order to establish the requirements for modern research on propeller stall flutter.
Deep ancestry of collapsing networks of nomadic hunter–gatherers in Borneo
Authors: Lansing J. Stephen , Jacobs Guy S. , Downey Sean S. , Norquest Peter K. , Cox Murray P. , Kuhn Steven L. , Miller John H. , Malik Safarina G. , Sudoyo Herawati , Kusuma Pradiptajati
Published: February 2022

Theories of early cooperation in human society often draw from a small sample of ethnographic studies of surviving populations of hunter–gatherers, most of which are now sedentary. Borneo hunter–gatherers (Punan, Penan) have seldom figured in comparative research because of a decades-old controversy about whether they are the descendants of farmers who adopted a hunting and gathering way of life. In 2018 we began an ethnographic study of a group of still-nomadic hunter–gatherers who call themselves Punan Batu (Cave Punan). Our genetic analysis clearly indicates that they are very unlikely to be the descendants of neighbouring agriculturalists. They also preserve a song language that is unrelated to other languages of Borneo. Dispersed travelling groups of Punan Batu with fluid membership use message sticks to stay in contact, co-operate and share resources as they journey between rock shelters and forest camps. Message sticks were once widespread among nomadic Punan in Borneo, but have largely disappeared in sedentary Punan villages. Thus the small community of Punan Batu offers a rare glimpse of a hunting and gathering way of life that was once widespread in the forests of Borneo, where prosocial behaviour extended beyond the face-to-face community, facilitating successful collective adaptation to the diverse resources of Borneo's forests.
High repetition rate exploration of the Biermann battery effect in laser produced plasmas over large spatial regions
Authors: Pilgram J. J. , Adams M. B. P. , Constantin C. G. , Heuer P. V. , Ghazaryan S. , Kaloyan M. , Dorst R. S. , Schaeffer D. B. , Tzeferacos P. , Niemann C.
Published: February 2022

In this paper we present a high repetition rate experimental platform for examining the spatial structure and evolution of Biermann-generated magnetic fields in laser-produced plasmas. We have extended the work of prior experiments, which spanned over millimeter scales, by spatially measuring magnetic fields in multiple planes on centimeter scales over thousands of laser shots. Measurements with magnetic flux probes show azimuthally symmetric magnetic fields that range from 60 G at 0.7 cm from the target to 7 G at 4.2 cm from the target. The expansion rate of the magnetic fields and evolution of current density structures are also mapped and examined. Electron temperature and density of the laser-produced plasma are measured with optical Thomson scattering and used to directly calculate a magnetic Reynolds number of

$1.4\times {10}^4$

, confirming that magnetic advection is dominant at

$\ge 1.5$

cm from the target surface. The results are compared to FLASH simulations, which show qualitative agreement with the data.
THE MAXIMAL IDEAL IN THE SPACE OF OPERATORS ON
Authors: CADAVID DIEGO CALLE , MONIKA  , ZHENG BENTUO
Published: February 2022

We study the isomorphic structure of
$(\sum {\ell }_{q})_{c_{0}}\ (1< q<\infty )$
and prove that these spaces are complementably homogeneous. We also show that for any operator T from
$(\sum {\ell }_{q})_{c_{0}}$
into
${\ell }_{q}$
, there is a subspace X of
$(\sum {\ell }_{q})_{c_{0}}$
that is isometric to
$(\sum {\ell }_{q})_{c_{0}}$
and the restriction of T on X has small norm. If T is a bounded linear operator on
$(\sum {\ell }_{q})_{c_{0}}$
which is
$(\sum {\ell }_{q})_{c_{0}}$
-strictly singular, then for any
$\epsilon>0$
, there is a subspace X of
$(\sum {\ell }_{q})_{c_{0}}$
which is isometric to
$(\sum {\ell }_{q})_{c_{0}}$
with
$\|T|_{X}\|<\epsilon $
. As an application, we show that the set of all
$(\sum {\ell }_{q})_{c_{0}}$
-strictly singular operators on
$(\sum {\ell }_{q})_{c_{0}}$
forms the unique maximal ideal of
$\mathcal {L}((\sum {\ell }_{q})_{c_{0}})$
.
The nonclassical diffusion equations with time-dependent memory kernels and a new class of nonlinearities
Authors: Thuy Le Thi , Toan Nguyen Duong
Published: February 2022

In this study, we consider the nonclassical diffusion equations with time-dependent memory kernels
\begin{equation*} u_{t} - \Delta u_t - \Delta u - \int_0^\infty k^{\prime}_{t}(s) \Delta u(t-s) ds + f( u) = g \end{equation*}
on a bounded domain
$\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^N,\, N\geq 3$
. Firstly, we study the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions and then, we investigate the existence of the time-dependent global attractors
$\mathcal{A}=\{A_t\}_{t\in\mathbb{R}}$
in
$H_0^1(\Omega)\times L^2_{\mu_t}(\mathbb{R}^+,H_0^1(\Omega))$
. Finally, we prove that the asymptotic dynamics of our problem, when
$k_t$
approaches a multiple
$m\delta_0$
of the Dirac mass at zero as
$t\to \infty$
, is close to the one of its formal limit
\begin{equation*}u_{t} - \Delta u_{t} - (1+m)\Delta u + f( u) = g. \end{equation*}
The main novelty of our results is that no restriction on the upper growth of the nonlinearity is imposed and the memory kernel
$k_t(\!\cdot\!)$
depends on time, which allows for instance to describe the dynamics of aging materials.
NADER SAIEDI, Logos and Civilization: Spirit, History, and Order in the Writings of Bahaءuעllah (Bethesda: University Press of Maryland/CDL Press, 2000). Pp. 404. $45.50 cloth.
Authors: MACEOIN DENIS
Published: February 2022

This volume, which succeeds in being both brilliant and riddled with weaknesses, appears at a time when the lines between proper academic study of the Bahai movement on the one hand and faith-based scholarship on the other are being blurred and even derided. To make my own position clear, I am deeply committed to a strictly academic approach to the study of religion and thus find myself alienated by apologetics dressed up as academic studies. I am in particular profoundly worried by increasing attempts by orthodox Bahais to seize the academic high ground through organizations such as the Association of Bahai Studies, the Bahai Chair at the University of Maryland, Landegg International University, and, most recently, the Bahai-funded Chair at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, while resorting to the use of excommunication against Bahai scholars who take unorthodox positions. The Bahais, like the Unification Church in the 1980s, are using their financial muscle to set the academic agenda relating to their faith.
Beyond Abortion: Why the Personhood Movement Implicates Reproductive Choice
Authors: Will Jonathan F.
Published: February 2022

In 2008, an amendment was proposed to the Colorado Constitution that sought to attach the rights and protections associated with legal “personhood” to any human being from the moment of fertilization. Although the initiative was defeated, it sparked a nation-wide Personhood Movement that has spurred similar efforts at the federal level and in over a dozen states. Personhood advocates choose terms like “fertilization,” or phrases such as “human being at any stage of development,” to identify the “person”-defining moment in the reproductive process, and these designations have profound implications for reproductive choice. Proponents are outspoken in their desire to outlaw abortion, but they are less transparent about their intent with respect to other aspects of reproductive choice, such as contraception and infertility treatments.

This paper describes the background of the Personhood Movement and its attempt to achieve legal protection of the preborn from the earliest moments of biological development. Following the late 2011 failure of the personhood measure in Mississippi, the language used within the Movement was dramatically changed in an attempt to address some of the concerns raised regarding implications for reproductive choice. Putting abortion to one side, this paper identifies why the personhood framework that is contemplated by the proposed changes does not eliminate the potential for restrictions on contraception and in vitro fertilization (IVF) that put the lives of these newly recognized persons at risk; nor should it if proponents intend to remain consistent with their position. The paper goes on to suggest what those restrictions might look like based on recent efforts being proposed at the state level and frameworks that have already been adopted in other countries.
Design and implementation of a fault-tolerant controller using control allocation techniques in the presence of actuators saturation for a VTOL octorotor
Authors: Hafezi Hamid , Bakhtiari Ali , Khaki-Sedigh Ali
Published: February 2022

Fault-tolerant control systems are vital in many industrial systems. Actuator redundancy is employed in advanced control strategies to increase system maneuverability, flexibility, safety, and fault tolerability. In this paper, a fault-tolerant control scheme is proposed to make an over-actuated octorotor robust, against actuators fault and saturation. A sliding mode observer is employed to determine the actuators condition. Then, a fault-tolerant control based on the control allocation methodology is proposed to distribute the control signals between the actuators by considering their condition. In a nonlinear system, an actuator fault can lead to the saturation of other actuators and steady-state errors that can cause closed-loop instability. Hence, the proposed control scheme corrects the actuator signals in a way that their limitations are considered. Finally, experimental studies are carried out and a comparison study is provided.
A forgotten proponent of a league of nations and his contributions to international law
Authors: Chen Li
Published: February 2022

Around a century ago, Zhou Wei became the first Chinese francophone international lawyer. Yet his contributions to international law are often overlooked in academic literature even though he was the first Chinese member of the renowned Institute of International Law, and he had proposed a nascent concept of a ‘League of Nations’ even before Woodrow Wilson did. However, there has been no study on Chinese members of the Institute of International law, and even less research about Zhou. This article aims to piece together his life and work. It begins with a detailed account of Zhou’s education and work from Beijing to Paris, Geneva, and Fribourg. It then uncovers how he managed to shatter the racial ‘glass ceiling’ by being elected to the Institute while China was still a geopolitically weak country, shackled by numerous ‘unequal treaties’. It also recounts his contributions to the study and development of international law. Above all, this article argues that Zhou’s career epitomized the pioneering spirit of his generation of Chinese international lawyers who put their legal and foreign language skills to the benefit of China, and assiduously guarded against any encroachment of Chinese sovereignty. This article will examine and assess Zhou’s two most significant contributions to public international law.
Kant’s Letter to Fichte, the Pure Intellect and his ‘All-Crushing’ Metaphysics: Comments on De Boer’s Kant’s Reform of Metaphysics
Authors: Chance Brian A.
Published: February 2022

I raise three questions relevant to De Boer’s overall project in Kant’s Reform of Metaphysics. The first is whether Kant’s 1799 open letter to Fichte supports or threatens her contention that Kant had an abiding interest in developing a reformed metaphysics from 1781 onwards. The second is whether De Boer’s conception of the pure intellect and its place in Kant’s projected system of metaphysics captures the role of pure sensibility in the Analytic of Principles, rational physics and rational psychology. The third is whether one might accept the outline of this system as De Boer develops it while still holding that it is more accurate to characterize it as revolution rather than reform.
Climate-induced displacement in the Sahel: A question of classification
Authors: d'Orsi Cristiano , Naldi Gino J.
Published: February 2022

This article examines legal aspects of climate-induced forced displacement in the Sahel region of North Africa. The Sahel region is being adversely affected by climate change, leading to the displacement of thousands of people, both cross-border migrants and internally displaced persons (IDPs). The conventional stance is that refugee status does not extend to individuals displaced as a result of natural or environmental catastrophes and that consequently a normative gap exists in international refugee law. However, the position in international law may not be as clear-cut as this conventional view assumes, in light of recent trends which are moving towards the recognition of the rights of such displaced people. It seems clear that under the terms of the 1951 Refugee Convention, such people are excluded from refugee status, and while the situation is less obvious under the Organisation of African Unity Convention on Refugees in Africa, it appears that the end result is the same, although there seems to be an increasing desire for recognition of refugee status under that treaty. Other regional treaties are also taking tentative steps in this direction; the Kampala Convention on IDPs is especially noteworthy because it makes express references to circumstances such as natural disasters. A human rights approach may offer hope to displaced people, since climate change can impact on a number of rights – particularly significant is the decision of the UN Human Rights Committee in Teitiota v. New Zealand which acknowledged the harmful impact of climate change. The response, legislative and otherwise, of five Sahel States towards forcibly displaced persons is examined in this article.
Face Masks Impair Basic Emotion Recognition
Authors: McCrackin Sarah D. , Capozzi Francesca , Mayrand Florence , Ristic Jelena
Published: February 2022

Abstract. With the widespread adoption of masks, there is a need for understanding how facial obstruction affects emotion recognition. We asked 120 participants to identify emotions from faces with and without masks. We also examined if recognition performance was related to autistic traits and personality. Masks impacted recognition of expressions with diagnostic lower face features the most and those with diagnostic upper face features the least. Persons with higher autistic traits were worse at identifying unmasked expressions, while persons with lower extraversion and higher agreeableness were better at recognizing masked expressions. These results show that different features play different roles in emotion recognition and suggest that obscuring features affects social communication differently as a function of autistic traits and personality.
Understanding the Relationship Between Sexual Assault and Cervical	Screening Uptake
Authors: Madden Katherine , Vosper Jane , Evangeli Michael , Gibson Stuart
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Background: Cervical screening helps prevent cervical cancer ( NHS, 2019 ). Women who have experienced sexual assault have lower cervical screening attendance, however, no theory-driven research explores reasons for this. The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) explains intention and ongoing attendance to health-promoting behaviors. Aims: The HAPA was used to identify and explore how sexual assault impacts cervical screening uptake. Method: An online study of 247 women aged 21–63 explored whether HAPA variables (task, maintenance, and recovery self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, risk perception, action, and coping planning), trauma variables (nature and age of abuse, and level of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms [PTSD]), and other potentially confounding factors related to cervical screening uptake in women who have experienced sexual assault. Regression and mediation analyses were conducted to explore predictive variables of intention and attendance. Results: Self-efficacy beliefs predicted both intention and attendance of cervical screening. Task self-efficacy predicted intention and mediated relationships between HAPA variables and intention. Maintenance self-efficacy predicted attendance and mediated relationships between HAPA variables and attendance. Trauma variables did not predict more variance in intention or attendance over HAPA variables. Limitations: The cross-sectional nature of the study means causality was not established. Conclusion: Self-efficacy develops an understanding of cervical screening in women with experience of sexual assault, over and above the trauma variables of type of assault and PTSD symptoms. Focusing on self-efficacy to improve cervical screening uptake in women who have experienced sexual assault is considered for clinical implications.
Distribution Expansion of Dengue Vectors and Climate Change in India
Authors: Hussain Syed Shah Areeb , Dhiman Ramesh C.
Published: February 2022

India has witnessed a five‐fold increase in dengue incidence in the past decade. However, the nation‐wide distribution of dengue vectors, and the impacts of climate change are not known. In this study, species distribution modeling was used to predict the baseline and future distribution of Aedine vectors in India on the basis of biologically relevant climatic indicators. Known occurrences ofAedes aegyptiandAedes albopictuswere obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility database and previous literature. Bio‐climatic variables were used as the potential predictors of vector distribution. After eliminating collinear and low contributing predictors, the baseline and future prevalence ofAedes aegyptiandAedes albopictuswas determined, under three Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5), using the MaxEnt species distribution model.Aedes aegyptiwas found prevalent in most parts of the southern peninsula, the eastern coastline, north eastern states and the northern plains. In contrast,Aedes albopictushas localized distribution along the eastern and western coastlines, north eastern states and in the lower Himalayas. Under future scenarios of climate change,Aedes aegyptiis projected to expand into unsuitable regions of the Thar desert, whereasAedes albopictusis projected to expand to the upper and trans Himalaya regions of the north. Overall, the results provide a reliable assessment of vectors prevalence in most parts of the country that can be used to guide surveillance efforts, despite minor disagreements with dengue incidence in Rajasthan and the north east, possibly due to behavioral practices and sampling efforts.