bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory bowel disease increases the risk of hepatobiliary pancreatic cancer: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis of European and East Asian populations
Authors: Huang Jinsheng , Li Xujia , Hong Jicheng , Huang Lingli , Jiang Qi , Guo Shunqi , Rong Yuming , Guo Guifang
Published: May 2023

Background

Both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and hepato‐pancreato‐biliary cancers (HPBC) have been established to cause a huge socioeconomic burden. Epidemiological studies have revealed a close association between IBD and HPBC.

Methods

Herein, we utilized inverse‐variance weighting to conduct a two‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis. We sought to investigate the link between various subtypes of IBD and HPBC. To ensure the accuracy and consistency of our findings, we conducted heterogeneity tests, gene pleiotropy tests, and sensitivity analyses.

Results

Compared to the general population, IBD patients in Europe exhibited a 1.22‐fold increased incidence of pancreatic cancer (PC) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.0022–1.4888 (p = 0.0475). We also found a 1.14‐fold increased incidence of PC in Crohn's disease (CD) patients with (95% CI: 1.0017–1.3073, p = 0.0472). In the East Asian population, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was 1.28‐fold higher (95% CI = 1.0709–1.5244, p = 0.0065) in IBD patients than in the general population. Additionally, ulcerative colitis (UC) patients displayed 1.12‐fold (95% CI: 1.1466–1.3334, p < 0.0001) and 1.31‐fold (95% CI: 1.0983–1.5641, p = 0.0027) increased incidences of HCC and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), respectively. Finally, the incidence of PC was 1.19‐fold higher in CD patients than in the general population (95% CI = 1.0741–1.3132, p = 0.0008).

Conclusion

Our study validated that IBD is a risk factor for HPBC. This causal relationship exhibited significant heterogeneity in different European and East Asian populations.
Adipose tissue area is a predictive biomarker for the efficacy of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in platinum‐refractory/resistant ovarian cancer
Authors: Yoshida Hiroyuki , Fujiwara Keiichi
Published: May 2023

Background

Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), an anthracycline agent, is widely used as a treatment option for platinum‐refractory/resistant epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Although only a subset of patients with platinum‐refractory/resistant EOC derive benefit from PLD, predictive biomarkers for patients who will respond to the drug have not yet been established. Here, we evaluated the relationship between adipose tissue status and PLD efficacy in patients with platinum‐refractory/resistant EOC.

Methods

Patients with platinum‐refractory/resistant EOC who were treated with single‐agent PLD were included in this retrospective cohort study. Adipose tissue areas including visceral adipose tissue area (VATA), subcutaneous adipose tissue area (SATA), and visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio (VSR) were calculated prior to the initiation of PLD using computed tomography images. The associations of adipose tissue areas with objective response rate (ORR) and patient survival were evaluated.

Results

Forty‐four patients with platinum‐refractory/resistant EOC who received single‐agent PLD were included. Subjects were categorized into high and low groups according to the median VATA, SATA, and VSR values, and body mass index (BMI). The ORR of PLD was significantly lower in the VSR‐high group than in the VSR‐low group (p = 0.0089). Patients in the high VSR group showed significantly shorter progression‐free survival (PFS) compared with patients in the low VSR group (median, 4.0 vs. 8.5 months; p = 0.020). In the multivariable analysis, high VSR was a significant prognostic factor for shorter PFS (hazard ratio, 2.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–4.19; p = 0.035). VATA, SATA, and BMI showed no significant association with ORR and survival of patients who received PLD.

Conclusions

High VSR is associated with lower ORR and shorter PFS in patients with platinum‐refractory/resistant EOC who received single‐agent PLD. VSR is a robust predictive biomarker for the efficacy of PLD.
Enabling saccadic redirection through real‐time saccade prediction
Authors: Joshi Yashas , Poullis Charalambos (Charis)
Published: May 2023

Our proposed redirected walking technique improves on current solutions by leveraging temporary visual disruption caused by saccades for redirection without requiring additional eye‐tracking hardware and enables saccadic redirection on widely used consumer‐grade hardware, like mobile VR. Using a deep neural network trained on head rotation data, we predict saccades during an apparent head rotation and apply rigid transformations to the virtual environment for redirection. This allows users to infinitely walk in a perceived straight direction from within a physical tracked space of  m. The three user studies illustrated in this article validate our approach and demonstrate its efficacy.
Application of HSAB Theory in the Selective Reduction of Quinoline
Authors: Liu Tianwei , He Jianghua , Zhang Yuetao
Published: May 2023

Comprehensive Summary

It is very important to develop efficient synthetic strategies for site‐specific functionalization of tetrahydroquinolines due to their indispensable roles in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. We apply hard/soft acid/base (HSAB) theory to selective reduction of quinoline and achieve a series of C3‐functionalized tetrahydroquinoline in high to excellent yields (up to 99%) under mild conditions with the catalysis of B(C6F5)3. A series of in situ NMR reactions are also performed to investigate this cascade reaction. Moreover, AB type monomer 6‐(dimethylsilyl) quinoline and AA/BB type monomer 6,6'‐biquinoline are synthesized for polymer synthesis, which represents the first example of silicon bridged polytetrahydroquinoline.
ChatGPT—A promising generative AI tool and its implications for cancer care
Authors: Uprety Dipesh , Zhu Dongxiao , West Howard (Jack)
Published: May 2023

Plain Language Summary

Since its launch, ChatGPT has taken the internet by storm and has the potential to be used broadly in the health care system, particularly in a setting such as medical oncology.

ChatGPT is well suited to review and extract key content from records of patients with cancer, interpret next‐generation sequencing reports, and offer a list of potential clinical trial options.
An Experimental Exploration of C−H⋅⋅⋅X Hydrogen Bond in [CHCl3−X(CH3)2] Complexes (X=O, S, and Se)
Authors: Pal Dhritabrata , Charaya Heena , Chakraborty Shamik
Published: May 2023

Among the conglomeration of hydrogen bond donors, the C−H group is prevalent in chemistry and biology. In the present work, CHCl3has been selected as the hydrogen bond donor and are X(CH3)2are the hydrogen bond acceptors. Formation of C−H⋅⋅⋅X hydrogen bond under the matrix isolation condition is confirmed by the observation of red‐shift in the C−H stretching frequency of CHCl3and comparison with the simulated spectra. Stabilisation energy of all the three complexes is almost equal although the observed red‐shift for the C−H⋅⋅⋅O complex is less compared to the C−H⋅⋅⋅S/Se complexes. The nature and origin of the hydrogen bond have been delineated using Natural Bond Orbital, Atoms in Molecules, Non‐Covalent Interaction analyses, and Energy Decomposition Analysis. Charge transfer is found to be proportional to the observed red‐shift. This work provides the first impression of C−H⋅⋅⋅Se hydrogen bond and its comparison with C−H⋅⋅⋅O/S hydrogen bond interaction under experimental condition.
Salivary trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3) and flow rate in persons with and without obstructive sleep apnea: A preliminary study
Authors: Ruangsri Supanigar , Doolgindachbaporn Gintawat , Chokwatwikul Worrapon , Wattanawareekul Kanchanaporn , Puasiri Subin , Sawanyawisuth Kittisak
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the most common chronic diseases. Trefoil factor family 3 (TFF3) peptides are secreted by major and minor salivary glands and may be involved in the pathogenesis of OSA. This study aimed to evaluate salivary TFF3 and flow rate between those with and without OSA.

Material and methods

This was a prospective experimental study that enrolled patients with OSA and non‐OSA. Total unstimulated saliva was collected, the salivary flow rate was measured, and the TFF3 level was analyzed by using a modified sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Baseline characteristics, TFF3 level, and salivary flow rate were compared between both groups. Factors associated with the TFF3 level and flow rate were computed by using multivariate linear regression analysis.

Results

Twenty‐eight participants were recruited in the study: 20 patients with OSA (71.42%) and 8 non‐OSA as control. The TFF3 and salivary flow rates between both groups of non‐OSA versus OSA were comparable (TFF3 non‐OSA 61.06 vs. OSA 96.00 ng/mg; p = .276 and flow rate non‐OSA 0.40 vs. OSA 0.35 mL/min; p = .320). Factors associated with the TFF3 level were neck circumference with a negative coefficient of −16.419 (p =  .042). For the salivary flow rate, only age was a significant factor with the coefficient of −0.013 (p = .044).

Conclusions

TFF3 and salivary flow rate were comparable between patients with OSA and non‐OSA. The factor associated with TFF3 level was neck circumference, while age was negatively associated with the salivary flow rate in patients with OSA.
Managing Soil Acidity, Not Soil Balancing, Affects Yield
Authors: Sever Megan
Published: May 2023

It can be hard to convince people of something when they think their lived experience suggests otherwise. That’s the challenge facing scientists trying to convince organic farmers that soil balancing—specifically through the base cation saturation ratio method—doesn’t actually improve crop yield. New research echoes previous work showing crop yields are affected by pH but not the calcium‐magnesium ratio soil balancing. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Soil & Water Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Definitions and criteria for diabetes‐related foot disease (IWGDF 2023 update)
Authors: van Netten Jaap J. , Bus Sicco A. , Apelqvist Jan , Chen Pam , Chuter Vivienne , Fitridge Robert , Game Frances , Hinchliffe Robert J. , Lazzarini Peter A. , Mills Joseph , Monteiro‐Soares Matilde , Peters Edgar J. G. , Raspovic Katherine M. , Senneville Eric , Wukich Dane K. , Schaper Nicolaas C. ,   International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot
Published: May 2023

Multiple disciplines are involved in the management of diabetes‐related foot disease and a common vocabulary is essential for clear communication. Based on the systematic reviews of the literature that form the basis of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) Guidelines, the IWGDF has developed a set of definitions and criteria for diabetes‐related foot disease. This document describes the 2023 update of these definitions and criteria. We suggest these definitions be used consistently in both clinical practice and research, to facilitate clear communication with people with diabetes‐related foot disease and between professionals around the world.
Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Moravejolahkami Amir Reza , Shakibaei Mehdi , Fairley Andrea Mary , Sharma Manoj
Published: May 2023

Dysbiosis or imbalance of microbes in the gut has been associated with susceptibility and progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The present systematic review and meta‐analysis examined the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on fasting blood glucose (FBG), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), C‐peptide, and insulin requirements in T1DM patients. A systematic search for trials published up to October 2022 was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and the Central Cochrane Library. Random effect models were used to synthesise quantitative data by STATA14. After the evaluation of 258 identified entries, five randomised controlled trials (n = 356; mean age = 11.7 years old) were included. The pooled effect size showed that FBG decreased following probiotic supplementation (weighted mean difference = −31.24 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval = −45.65, −16.83; p < 0.001), however, there was no significant improvement in serum HbA1c, C‐peptide, and insulin requirements. Probiotic supplementation could be a complementary therapeutic strategy in T1DM. The evidence is limited; therefore, it is crucial to conduct more trials.
Modeling the drivers of eutrophication in Finland with a machine learning approach
Authors: Heikonen Sara , Yli‐Heikkilä Maria , Heino Matias
Published: May 2023

Anthropogenic eutrophication is one of the most common threats to inland water quality, often causing toxic algal blooms and loss of aquatic biodiversity. Mitigating the harmful impacts of eutrophication requires managing nutrient inputs from the catchment focusing on the major local drivers of eutrophication. These drivers can be identified using models that predict lake trophic state based on characteristics of the lake and its catchment. In this study, we aimed to extend the spatial scope of these models by identifying drivers of eutrophication in a large sample of lakes (1547) distributed across Finland. Moreover, we used satellite‐observed chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration as trophic state indicator, instead of site‐sampled data, which is commonly used in existing research. We identified major drivers of eutrophication on river basin district to country scale based on 11 catchment and lake characteristics, applying the random forest algorithm. On country scale, the catchment and lake characteristics explained 41% of the variation in lake chl a concentrations, and on river basin district scale, 20%–44%. Catchment and lake hydromorphology were the most important explanatory characteristics. Especially, high natural eutrophication level, shallow mean depth of lake, and small share of lake area in the catchment were related to increased lake chl a concentration. Moreover, depending on the dominant land use type in the model area, share of agricultural area and share of peatland area in the catchment were ranked among the most important drivers of increased lake chl a concentration. The results suggest that trophic state predictive models utilizing satellite‐observed chl a concentration could provide an additional, cost‐effective tool for addressing lake eutrophication, especially in areas without and extensive on‐site monitoring network.
The impact of ice storms on mycorrhizal fungi varies by season and mycorrhizal type in a hardwood forest
Authors: Yancey C. E. , Juice S. M. , Classen A. T. , Rustad L. , Adair E. Carol
Published: May 2023

Extreme weather events, such as ice storms, are increasing and have potentially large impacts on forests, including belowground structures such as fine roots and mycorrhizal fungi. Many forest trees rely on the mutualistic relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and plants; a relationship that, when disrupted, can negatively impact tree net primary productivity. We took advantage of a large‐scale ice storm manipulation in the northeastern United States to test the hypothesis that increasing ice storm intensity and frequency would reduce ectomycorrhizal fungal root tips per unit root length and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal structures per unit root length, hereafter colonization. We found that ice storm intensity reduced spring ectomycorrhizal fungal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization. However, these patterns changed in the fall, where ice storm intensity still reduced ectomycorrhizal fungal root tips, but arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization was higher in ice storm treatments than controls. The amount of ectomycorrhizal fungal root tips and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization differed seasonally: ectomycorrhizal fungal root tips were 1.7× higher in the spring than in the fall, while arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization was 3× higher in the fall than in the spring. Our results indicate that mycorrhizal fungal colonization responses to ice storm severity vary temporally and by mycorrhizal fungal type. Further, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may recover from ice storms relatively quickly, potentially aiding forests in their recovery, whereas ice storms may have a long lasting impact on ectomycorrhizal fungi.
How the new FAFSA will impact admissions
Authors: D'Orio Wayne
Published: May 2023

AURORA, COLORADO — Simply put, said Karen McCarthy, the upcoming changes to the government's form to determine student aid is “the biggest change in FAFSA since we've had the FAFSA.”
Recent advances and opportunities related to the use of bee products in food processing
Authors: Kieliszek Marek , Piwowarek Kamil , Kot Anna M. , Wojtczuk Marta , Roszko Marek , Bryła Marcin , Trajkovska Petkoska Anka
Published: May 2023

Nowadays, natural foods that can provide positive health effects are gaining more and more popularity. Bees and the products they produce are our common natural heritage that should be developed. In the article, we presented the characteristics of bee products and their use in industry. We described the development and importance of beekeeping in the modern world. Due to their high nutritional value and therapeutic properties, bee products are of great interest and their consumption is constantly growing. The basis for the use of bee products in human nutrition is their properties and unique chemical composition. The conducted research and opinions confirm the beneficial effect of bee products on health. The current consumer awareness of the positive impact of food having a pro‐health effect on health and well‐being affects the increase in interest and demand for this type of food among various social groups. Enriching the daily diet with bee products may support the functioning of the organism. New technologies have appeared on the market to improve the process of obtaining bee products. The use of bee products plays a large role in many industries; moreover, the consumption of bee products and promotion of their medicinal properties are very important in shaping proper eating habits.
Impact of FIGO type 3 uterine fibroids on in vitro fertilization outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Favilli Alessandro , Etrusco Andrea , Chiantera Vito , Laganà Antonio Simone , Cicinelli Ettore , Gerli Sandro , Vitagliano Amerigo
Published: May 2023

Background

The effect of FIGO (the International Federation of Gynecology & Obstetrics) type 3 myomas on in vitro fertilization (IVF) is uncertain.

Objectives

To evaluate whether FIGO type 3 myomas affect IVF outcomes, through a systematic review and meta‐analysis (CRD42022379700).

Search strategy

Electronic databases were searched until November 15, 2022.

Selection criteria

Studies evaluating the effects of FIGO type 3 myomas on IVF outcome.

Data collection and analysis

Pooled results were expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed using Higgins I2. Sources of heterogeneity were explored with sensitivity and subgroup analyses.

Main results

In total, 1020 patients were included: 324 with FIGO type 3 myomas and 696 controls (without myomas). A pooled data analysis showed a significantly lower live birth rate (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.55–3.01, I2 = 0%, P < 0.00001), clinical pregnancy rate (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.52–2.81, I2 = 0%, P < 0.00001), and implantation rate (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.35–2.32, I2 = 0%, P < 0.00001) in women with untreated myomas compared with controls. The number and size of fibroids correlated with a worsening of IVF outcomes.

Conclusions

FIGO type 3 myomas are significantly associated with a lower implantation rate, cumulative pregnancy rate, and live birth rate. Furthermore, their deleterious effect on the outcome of IVF increases further with increasing size and number. Nevertheless, no firm conclusions could be drawn about the potential benefits of surgery for FIGO type 3 uterine fibroids on IVF outcomes.
Assessment of abnormal placentation in pregnancies conceived with assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Violette Caroline J. , Mandelbaum Rachel S. , Matsuzaki Shinya , Ouzounian Joseph G. , Paulson Richard J. , Matsuo Koji
Published: May 2023

Objective

To examine the association between assisted reproductive technology (ART) and abnormal placentation.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study querying the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Nationwide Inpatient Sample. The study population included 14, 970, 064 deliveries for national estimates from January 2012 to September 2015. The exposure was 48, 240 pregnancies after ART. The main outcome measure encompassed three abnormal placentation pathologies (placenta previa [PP], placenta accreta spectrum [PAS], and vasa previa [VP]). Propensity score matching was performed to assess the exposure‐outcome association.

Results

Pregnancy after ART was more likely to have a diagnosis of PAS (2.8 vs 1.0 per 1000 deliveries; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.06 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.44–2.93]), PP (24.5 vs 8.6 per 1000; aOR, 2.98 [95% CI, 2.64–3.35]), and VP (2.3 vs <0.3 per 1000; aOR, 11.3 [95% CI, 5.86–21.8]) compared with pregnancy without ART. Similarly, pregnancy after ART was associated with an increased likelihood of having multiple types of abnormal placentation, including VP with PP (aOR, 15.4 [95% CI, 6.15–38.4]) and PAS with PP (aOR, 2.80 [95% CI, 1.32–5.92]) compared with non‐ART pregnancy.

Conclusions

This national‐level analysis suggests that pregnancy after ART is associated with a significantly increased risk of abnormal placentation, including PAS, PP, and VP.
A case of complete resection of prostate stromal sarcoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Hodotsuka Naoto , Suzuki Yasutomo , Suzuki Kyota , Honda Yuichiro , Endo Shuma , Kuribayashi Eigo , Obayashi Kotaro , Minowa Tadaaki , Hatori Tsutomu , Kondo Yukihiro
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Prostatic stromal sarcoma is an extremely rare malignancy of the prostate with a poor prognosis.

Case presentation

A 65‐year‐old man presented with dyschezia, and computed tomography showed a large prostate mass. The diagnosis was prostate stromal sarcoma by transrectal needle biopsy. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested rectal infiltration. The patient underwent 4 courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and docetaxel hydrate followed by total pelvic exenteration.

Conclusion

No recurrence has occurred at 5 years after the surgery. This is the first report of complete resection in prostate stromal sarcoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and docetaxel hydrate.
Mechanism of action and therapeutic potential of dimethyl fumarate in ischemic stroke
Authors: Owjfard Maryam , Karimi Farzaneh , Mallahzadeh Arashk , Nabavizadeh Seyed Ali , Namavar Mohammad Reza , Saadi Mahdiyar Iravani , Hooshmandi Etrat , Salehi Mohammad Saied , Zafarmand Seyedeh Shaghayegh , Bayat Mahnaz , Karimlou Sedigheh , Borhani‐Haghighi Afshin
Published: May 2023

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an immunomodulatory drug currently approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis. Its benefits on ischemic stroke outcomes have recently come to attention. To date, only tissue plasminogen activators (tPAs) and clot retrieval methods have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Ischemic conditions lead to inflammation through diverse mechanisms, and recanalization can worsen the state. DMF and the nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway it regulates seem to be important in postischemic inflammation, and animal studies have demonstrated that the drug improves overall stroke outcomes. Although the exact mechanism is still unknown, studies indicate that these beneficial impacts are due to the modulation of immune responses, blood–brain barrier permeability, and hemodynamic adjustments. One major component evaluated before, during, and after tPA therapy in stroke patients is blood pressure (BP). Recent studies have found that DMF may impact BP. Both hypotension and hypertension need correction before treatment, which may delay the appropriate intervention. Since BP management is crucial in managing stroke patients, it is important to consider DMF's role in this matter. That being said, it seems further investigations on DMF may lead to an alternative approach for stroke patients. In this article, we discuss the mechanistic roles of DMF and its potential role in stroke based on previously published literature and laboratory findings.
Novel protocol for optimal utilization of HPSD approach for pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Manukyan Hayarpi , Szegedi Nandor , Pavlović Nikola , Blessberger Herman , Fiedler Lucas , Krieger Konstantin , Manola Šime , Nagy Vivien K. , Roithinger Franz Xaver , Salló Zoltán , Steinwender Clemens , Gellér László , Matschuck Guido A. , Kosiuk Jedrzej
Published: May 2023

Background

The efficiency of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) depends on the durability of RF lesions. Recent studies documented sustained continuity of ablation lines, improvements in durability, and expected clinical outcomes through altered settings in duration and power. However, the ablation strategy has not been adapted to this new approach and different biophysics of lesion formation.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to demonstrate that by adjusting the ablation approach to the broader geometry of lesions by increasing the minimal spacing between adjacent RF, a further significant reduction of procedural time while maintaining sufficient long‐term outcomes is achievable.

Methods

The presented study was a prospective, observational multi‐center trial. The periprocedural data were compared with data from a consecutively collected historical cohort.

Results

In total, 196 patients were included (mean age 62 ± 11 years, male 64.3%). Procedural duration, RF time, and LA dwelling time were significantly shorter in the HPSD group compared with the standard group (73 ± 26 min vs. 98 ± 36 min, p < .001; 14 ± 7 min vs. 33 ± 12 min, p < .001; and 59 ± 21 min vs. 77 ± 32 min, p < .001, respectively). Mean AF‐free survival in the first year of follow‐up was 304 ± 14 days in the HPSD group versus 340 ± 10 days in the standard group (log‐rank p = .403). There were no statistically significant differences in the complication rates between the groups.

Conclusion

Increasing the minimal distance between individual application points simplifies AF ablation and further reduces procedure time without negative effects on efficacy and safety. Larger studies are needed to optimally utilize this approach.
Endocardial, epicardial, and right atrial approach for catheter ablation of premature ventricular contractions from the inferoseptal process of the left ventricle
Authors: Martinov Emiliyan , Marchov Daniel , Marinov Momchil , Boychev Denislav , Gelev Valeri , Traykov Vassil
Published: May 2023

Background

Inferoseptal process of the left ventricle (ISP‐LV) might be a source of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias. In these cases, ectopic foci are accessible from the LV endocardium, epicardially from the middle cardiac vein as well as from the right atrium (RA). This study reports a series of patients with premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) arising from the ISP‐LV that were successfully ablated following access from different structures.

Methods and Results

Five patients (4 males, age 61 ± 12.8 years) with PVCs arising from the ISP‐LV were successfully ablated using three different approaches for ablation—endocardial, epicardial (through coronary sinus or its branches), and RA approaches. Endocardial LV mapping, RA, and coronary sinus (CS) mapping were performed in all five cases. PVCs demonstrated RBBB or LBBB‐like morphology and left superior axis. The three patients ablated endocardially had a maximum deflection index (MDI) of 0.36, 0.43, and 0.54, whereas in the remaining 2 patients, MDI was 0.57 and both demonstrated QS morphology in the inferior leads. Local activation time at the successful ablation site was 35 ± 8.9 (26–55) msec pre‐QRS. Pacemapping at the successful ablation site resulted in a good (11/12) or perfect (12/12) QRS match in all cases. Three of the patients demonstrated frequent monomorphic PVCs of another morphology suggesting a remote exit site. All patients remained arrhythmia‐free after a mean follow‐up of 21 ± 15 (6–36) months.

Conclusion

Successful ablation of PVCs from ISP‐LV may require access from the CS or even RA apart from LV endocardial approach. Not infrequently patients demonstrate additional PVC foci.
Demand planning for the digital supply chain: How to integrate human judgment and predictive analytics
Authors: Brau Rebekah , Aloysius John , Siemsen Enno
Published: May 2023

Our research examines how to integrate human judgment and statistical algorithms for demand planning in an increasingly data‐driven and automated environment. We use a laboratory experiment combined with a field study to compare existing integration methods with a novel approach: Human‐Guided Learning. This new method allows the algorithm to use human judgment to train a model using an iterative linear weighting of human judgment and model predictions. Human‐Guided Learning is more accurate vis‐à‐vis the established integration methods of Judgmental Adjustment, Quantitative Correction of Human Judgment, Forecast Combination, and Judgment as a Model Input. Human‐Guided Learning performs similarly to Integrative Judgment Learning, but under certain circumstances, Human‐Guided Learning can be more accurate. Our studies demonstrate that the benefit of human judgment for demand planning processes depends on the integration method.
Preparation of ZnO@hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite and Application as a UV Absorber
Authors: Wang Bin , Wu Yunfeng , Ma Xiangmei , Dong Zhehao
Published: May 2023

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is widely used as an excellent UV absorbent to improve UV‐shielding ability. However, its photocatalytic activity is high, and the UV absorption region and dispersibility within the polymer are poor, which limits the application. This work is based on the design of ZnO nanoparticles via the coating of hydroxyapatite (HA) and (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (KH550), then it is compounded with polyvinyl chloride (PVC). X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTE), and UV spectrophotometer are used to analyze the microstructure and properties. The results show that the composite films have good UV‐shielding abilities and help reduce the damage of PVC upon exposure or heat. Therefore, this work provides new means to make PVC composites with superior UV‐shielding properties, and the tensile strength at the break of PVC film blended with ZnO@HA/KH550 is effectively improved, which is due to good compatibility between ZnO@HA/KH550 and PVC matrix.
Light‐Dependent RAFT Polymerization of Spiropyran Acrylates
Authors: Gäbert Chris , Hicke David , Bahnemann Julia , Mayrhofer Leonhard , Hartlieb Matthias , Reinicke Stefan
Published: May 2023

A light‐assisted RAFT copolymerization protocol is established and investigated for the synthesis of 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) / spiropyran acrylate (SPA) copolymers with enhanced SPA‐contents. Radiation with visible light prevents the spiropyran (SP) motif from isomerizing into the open merocyanine (MC) form which can interfere with the polymerization process by abstracting a hydrogen atom from an active radical via its phenolic oxygen.
Silibinin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide Induced Inflammation in Porcine Mammary Epithelial Cells via mTOR/NF‐κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Xu Shengyu , Jiang Xiaojun , Liu Yalei , Jiang Xuemei , Che Lianqiang , Lin Yan , Zhuo Yong , Feng Bin , Fang Zhengfeng , Hua Lun , Li Jian , Wang Jianping , Ren Zhihua , Sun Mengmeng , Wu De
Published: May 2023

Scope

Inflammatory responses reduce milk production in lactating sow. Silymarin (Silibinin is main component) reduces the inflammatory reaction and increases milk yield in lactating sow in the previous study. In the present study, silibinin may be a previously unrecognized nutrients in inflammatory resolution in porcine mammary epithelial cells (PMECs) is hypothesized.

Methods and results

PMECs are treated with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the absence or presence of silibinin to test cell viability, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, cellular inflammatory factors, and signaling protein phosphorylation and expression. Silibinin promotes the proliferation of PMEC independent of the estrogen pathway. In LPS‐induced damage of PMECs, silibinin protects cell proliferation, as well as reduced cell apoptosis. Silibinin reverses the LPS‐induced increase in tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) expression compared with control. In addition, silibinin accentuates the LPS‐induced decrease in the key proteins phosphorylated‐ribosomal protein S6 (p‐S6) and phosphorylated‐mammalian target of rapamycin (p‐mTOR) of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Furthermore, silibinin reverses the increase in phosphorylated‐nuclear factor‐kappa B p65 (p‐NF‐κB p65), phosphorylated‐Ikappab‐alpha (p‐IκB‐α), and phosphorylated‐Mitogen‐activated protein kinase p38 (p‐MAPK p38) expression in LPS‐induced damage in PMECs.

Conclusion

This study highlights silibinin‐mTOR/NF‐κB axis plays an important role in the control of inflammation in PMECs, and suggests that silibinin may be an effective dietary strategy to alleviate the inflammatory response in lactating sow.
Anti‐Inflammatory Effect of Clostridium butyricum‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Ulcerative Colitis: Impact on Host microRNAs Expressions and Gut Microbiome Profiles
Authors: Ma Lingyan , Lyu Wentao , Song Yuanyuan , Chen Kai , Lv Lu , Yang Hua , Wang Wen , Xiao Yingping
Published: May 2023

Score

Probiotics extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown potential as EV‐based nanomaterials therapy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although probiotic Clostridium butyricum has been reported to be protective in various models of intestinal inflammation, the therapeutic effects of C. butyricum‐derived extracellular vesicles (CbEVs) in IBD remain to be demonstrated.

Methods and results

In this study, multi‐omics sequencing is combined with an in vitro model of lipopolysaccharide‐induced RAW264.7 cells and an in vivo mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colitis to explore the regulatory impact and mechanism of CbEVs in ulcerative colitis. Through small RNA sequencing, the study finds that microRNA is involved in the alleviation of colonic inflammation under CbEVs treatment. Mechanistically, CbEVs restore miR‐199a‐3p expression, interacting with map3k4, and thereby suppress proinflammatory MAPK and NF‐κB signaling. Additionally, metagenomic sequencing demonstrate that CbEVs alleviate bacterial dysbiosis in colitis mice and significantly reduces the abundance of the bacterial pathogens Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri. Furthermore, CbEVs regulate the microbial tryptophan metabolites, which further improve intestinal barrier integrity and inhibit the inflammatory response in colitis mice.

Conclusion

C. butyricum‐derived extracellular vesicles can be a novel agent for the treatment of colitis and miR‐199a‐3p can be a potential target for IBD treatment.
Respiratory motion management using a single rapid MRI scan for a 0.35 T MRI‐Linac system
Authors: Chen Sihao , Eldeniz Cihat , Fraum Tyler J. , Ludwig Daniel R. , Gan Weijie , Liu Jiaming , Kamilov Ulugbek S. , Yang Deshan , Gach H. Michael , An Hongyu
Published: May 2023

Background

MRI has a rapidly growing role in radiation therapy (RT) for treatment planning, real‐time image guidance, and beam gating (e.g., MRI‐Linac). Free‐breathing 4D‐MRI is desirable in respiratory motion management for therapy. Moreover, high‐quality 3D‐MRIs without motion artifacts are needed to delineate lesions. Existing MRI methods require multiple scans with lengthy acquisition times or are limited by low spatial resolution, contrast, and signal‐to‐noise ratio.

Purpose

We developed a novel method to obtain motion‐resolved 4D‐MRIs and motion‐integrated 3D‐MRI reconstruction using a single rapid (35‐45 s scan on a 0.35 T MRI‐Linac.

Methods

Golden‐angle radial stack‐of‐stars MRI scans were acquired from a respiratory motion phantom and 12 healthy volunteers (n = 12) on a 0.35 T MRI‐Linac. A self‐navigated method was employed to detect respiratory motion using 2000 (acquisition time = 5–7 min) and the first 200 spokes (acquisition time = 35–45 s). Multi‐coil non‐uniform fast Fourier transform (MCNUFFT), compressed sensing (CS), and deep‐learning Phase2Phase (P2P) methods were employed to reconstruct motion‐resolved 4D‐MRI using 2000 spokes (MCNUFFT2000) and 200 spokes (CS200 and P2P200). Deformable motion vector fields (MVFs) were computed from the 4D‐MRIs and used to reconstruct motion‐corrected 3D‐MRIs with the MOtion Transformation Integrated forward‐Fourier (MOTIF) method. Image quality was evaluated quantitatively using the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and the root mean square error (RMSE), and qualitatively in a blinded radiological review.

Results

Evaluation using the respiratory motion phantom experiment showed that the proposed method reversed the effects of motion blurring and restored edge sharpness. In the human study, P2P200 had smaller inaccuracy in MVFs estimation than CS200. P2P200 had significantly greater SSIMs (p < 0.0001) and smaller RMSEs (p < 0.001) than CS200 in motion‐resolved 4D‐MRI and motion‐corrected 3D‐MRI. The radiological review found that MOTIF 3D‐MRIs using MCNUFFT2000 exhibited the highest image quality (scoring > 8 out of 10), followed by P2P200 (scoring > 5 out of 10), and then motion‐uncorrected (scoring < 3 out of 10) in sharpness, contrast, and artifact‐freeness.

Conclusions

We have successfully demonstrated a method for respiratory motion management for MRI‐guided RT. The method integrated self‐navigated respiratory motion detection, deep‐learning P2P 4D‐MRI reconstruction, and a motion integrated reconstruction (MOTIF) for 3D‐MRI using a single rapid MRI scan (35‐45 s) on a 0.35 T MRI‐Linac system.
Vespa: Integrated applications for RF pulse design, spectral simulation and MRS data analysis
Authors: Soher Brian J. , Semanchuk Philip , Todd David , Ji Xiao , Deelchand Dinesh , Joers James , Oz Gulin , Young Karl
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The Vespa package (Versatile Simulation, Pulses, and Analysis) is described and demonstrated. It provides workflows for developing and optimizing linear combination modeling (LCM) fitting for 1H MRS data using intuitive graphical user interface interfaces for RF pulse design, spectral simulation, and MRS data analysis. Command line interfaces for embedding workflows in MR manufacturer platforms and utilities for synthetic dataset creation are included. Complete provenance is maintained for all steps in workflows.

Theory and Methods

Vespa is written in Python for compatibility across operating systems. It embeds the PyGAMMA spectral simulation library for spectral simulation. Multiprocessing methods accelerate processing and visualization. Applications use the Vespa database for results storage and cross‐application access. Three projects demonstrate pulse, sequence, simulation, and data analysis workflows: (1) short TE semi‐LASER single‐voxel spectroscopy (SVS) LCM fitting, (2) optimizing MEGA‐PRESS (MEscher–GArwood Point RESolved Spectroscopy) flip angle and LCM fitting, and (3) creating a synthetic short TE dataset.

Results

The LCM workflows for in vivo basis set creation and spectral analysis showed reasonable results for both the short TE semi‐LASER and MEGA‐PRESS. Examples of pulses, simulations, and data fitting are shown in Vespa application interfaces for various steps to demonstrate the interactive workflow.

Conclusion

Vespa provides an efficient and extensible platform for characterizing RF pulses, pulse design, spectral simulation optimization, and automated LCM fitting via an interactive platform. Modular design and command line interface make it easy to embed in other platforms. As open source, it is free to the MRS community for use and extension. Vespa source code and documentation are available through GitHub.
Effects of N‐ and C‐terminal regions on oligomeric formation of blue light sensor protein SyPixD
Authors: Tokonami Shunrou , Nakasone Yusuke , Terazima Masahide
Published: May 2023

A sensor of blue‐light using flavin adenine dinucleotide (BLUF) is a typical blue light photoreceptor domain that is found in many photosensor proteins in bacteria and some eukaryotic algae. SyPixD in Synechocystis is one of the well‐studied BLUF proteins. In the dark state, it forms a decamer and, upon photoexcitation, a dissociation reaction takes place to yield dimers. Such change in the intermolecular interactions of the protomers is important for the biological function. The effect of the N‐ and C‐terminal sequences on the stability of SyPixD oligomeric states and photoreactions of SyPixD were studied to understand how the oligomeric form is maintained with weak interaction. It was found that a few residues that frequently persist at the N‐terminus after removing a tag for purification are sensitive to the stability of the decamer structure. Even two or three residues at the N‐terminus considerably reduces decamer stability, whereas four or more residues completely prevent decamer formation. Unexpectedly, truncating C‐terminal sequences, which locate far from any protomer interface and of which structure is undetermined in crystal structure, also destabilizes the decamer structure. This destabilization is also apparent from the dissociation reaction dynamics detected by the transient grating and transient absorption measurements. The dissociation reaction is faster and the yield increases when the C‐terminus does not contain seven amino acid residues. Photoexcitation induces a conformational change in the C‐terminus of the decamer but not the dimer.
Identification and functional analysis of ABC transporter genes related to deltamethrin resistance in Culex pipiens pallens
Authors: Xu Jingwei , Zheng Junnan , Zhang Ruimin , Wang Huan , Du JiaJia , Li Jinze , Zhou Dan , Sun Yan , Shen Bo
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Pathogens that reproduce or develop in mosquitoes can transmit several diseases, endanger human health, and overwhelm health systems. Synthetic pyrethroids are the most widely used insecticides against adult mosquitoes, but their widespread use has led to resistance. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters are involved in the resistance monitoring of insects, but their role and underlying mechanisms in insecticide resistance have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we identified ABC transporter genes in Culex pipiens and investigated their role in the development of insecticide resistance.

RESULTS

We identified 63 ABC transporter genes in Cx. pipiens and classified them as per the ABC transporter subfamilies. We also performed phylogenetic analysis. The knockdown rate of the mosquitoes orally fed with the ABC transporter inhibitor verapamil increased after deltamethrin treatment compared with that of the control group. Several genes from the ABCB, ABCC, and ABCG subfamilies were highly expressed in resistant mosquitoes. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that ABCG6032427 was expressed in the head, chest, abdomen, wings, and legs, and the expression was the highest in the legs. Subsequently, knockdown of ABCG6032427 using RNA interference (RNAi) increased the sensitivity of the mosquitoes to deltamethrin, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that ABCG6032427 knockdown reduced cuticle thickness and the cuticle became loose and irregular.

CONCLUSIONS

ABCG6032427 may modulate cuticle thickness and structure, thus play an important role in the development of deltamethrin resistance in mosquitoes. Thus, it could be a potential target for deltamethrin resistance management in Cx. pipiens. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sublethal phosphine fumigation induces transgenerational hormesis in a factitious host, Corcyra cephalonica
Authors: Nath Anshuman , Gadratagi Basana Gowda , Maurya Ravi Prakash , Ullah Farman , Patil Naveenkumar B , Adak Totan , Govindharaj Guru Pirasanna Pandi , Ray Aishwarya , Mahendiran Annamalai , Desneux Nicolas , Chandra Rath Prakash
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

The rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a pest of stored grains and widely used as a factitious host during the mass rearing of several natural enemies of crop pests. Hormesis is well‐documented in pest insects, to some extent in natural enemies of pests.

RESULTS

We report transgenerational stimulatory effects of the widely used fumigant, phosphine. The study reports the consequences of sublethal, low lethal and median lethal concentrations (LC5, LC25 and LC50) and untreated control for two sequential generations of the species (G1 to G2). In this study, we investigated the life‐history traits, nutrient reserves (protein, lipid and carbohydrate) and larval gut microbiome (using 16 s rRNA V3–V4 metagenomics sequencing) of C. cephalonica. Stimulatory effects were observed for various biological traits of C. cephalonica, notably adult longevity, emergence and increased egg hatchability when exposed to LC5 of phosphine. The total protein, lipid and carbohydrate contents of C. cephalonica also were found to be significantly increased by LC5 in both generations. The microbial diversity of LC5 treated larval gut was higher and found to be different from the rest of the treatments. This is the first report showing hormesis to a fumigant insecticide.

CONCLUSION

Our findings increase knowledge on the interaction between hormesis, nutrient reserves and gut bacteria in C. cephalonica exposed to insecticides. Overall, the present study establishes phosphine‐induced hormesis at LC5 in the host C. cephalonica, which might help improve the quality of mass rearing of various natural enemies. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Machine Learning and Deep Learning powered satellite communications: Enabling technologies, applications, open challenges, and future research directions
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arindam , Nambiar Shvetha M. , Ojha Ritwik , Gyaneshwar Amogh , Chadha Utkarsh , Srinivasan Kathiravan
Published: May 2023

The recent wave of creating an interconnected world through satellites has renewed interest in satellite communications. Private and government‐funded space agencies are making advancements in the creation of satellite constellations, and the introduction of 5G has brought a new focus to a fully connected world. Satellites are the proposed solutions for establishing high throughput and low latency links to remote, hard‐to‐reach areas. This has caused the injection of many satellites in Earth's orbit, which has caused many discrepancies. There is a need to establish highly adaptive and flexible satellite systems to overcome this. Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) have gained much popularity when it comes to communication systems. This review extensively provides insight into ML and DL's utilization in satellite communications. This review covers how satellite communication subsystems and other satellite system applications can be implemented through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the ongoing open challenges and future directions.