bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Phenolics and Structural Compounds of Different Agro-Industrial By-Products
Authors: Benito-Román Óscar , Melgosa Rodrigo , Benito José Manuel , Sanz María Teresa
Published: January 2025

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the composition of onion peels, tomato peels, and pistachio green hulls, with a focus on their structural and bioactive compounds. Onion peels, regardless of cultivar, were found to be rich in quercetin and its derivatives, along with other flavonoids and pectin. Tomato peels emerged as a notable source of naringenin (0.52 mg/g in ethanol extract) and rutin (0.24 mg/g in water extract) and showed an unexpectedly high lignin content, comprising nearly 50% of their structural components. Pistachio green hulls demonstrated a high extractive content (63.4 g/100 g), 73% of which were water-soluble. Protocatechuic acid, rutin, and quercetin derivatives were the dominant phenolic compounds in the water extract, while luteolin was most abundant in the ethanol extract. Regarding structural composition, tomato peels and pistachio green hulls shared similarities, exhibiting a high lignin content (53.4% and 33.8%, respectively) and uronic acids (10–15%). In contrast, onion peels were characterized by high levels of glucans (around 38%) and galacturonic acid (33%). The insights from this study pave the way for the design of sustainable and efficient extraction processes, enabling the sequential recovery of valuable bioactive compounds and promoting the valorization of these agro-industrial by-products. Additionally, onion and tomato peels were evaluated as sources of pectin using two extraction methods: conventional acid water extraction and subcritical water extraction. The results revealed significant differences in the pectin composition (53–68% galacturonic acid) and degree of esterification (79–92%) compared to commercial pectin (72.8% galacturonic acid and 68% esterification), highlighting the influence of the raw material and extraction method on the final properties of pectin.
Fuzzy Extended State Observer-Based Sliding Mode Control for an Agricultural Unmanned Helicopter
Authors: Shen Suiyuan , Li Jiyu , Chen Yu , Lv Jia
Published: January 2025

In the context of agricultural unmanned helicopters, the complex wind disturbances over crop fields and structural perturbations due to variations in pesticide container weights present substantial challenges to flight safety. To address these issues, this paper proposes an innovative fuzzy extended state observer-based sliding mode control (FESO-SMC) methodology aimed at enhancing the aircraft’s resilience against such disturbances. Initially, this study adopts a state expansion strategy to integrate both wind and structural disturbances into a comprehensive disturbance model applicable to the agricultural unmanned helicopter. Following this, a sliding mode control law is formulated with consideration for unknown total disturbances, employing specific sliding mode functions alongside exponential reaching laws. An extended state observer is simultaneously implemented within the sliding mode control framework to estimate and mitigate these disturbances, thereby augmenting the disturbance rejection capabilities of the flight control system. Additionally, the integration of fuzzy logic facilitates adaptive parameter adjustment for the extended state observer, leading to more accurate disturbance estimation. Consequently, a trajectory tracking control system tailored specifically for the agricultural unmanned helicopter has been developed, and its performance was evaluated through simulation experiments. The results indicate that, under certain disturbances, the attitude control error of the FESO-SMC controller is reduced to one-fifth that of traditional sliding mode controllers, while position control accuracy is enhanced more than twofold, thus demonstrating that the proposed FESO-SMC controller not only exhibits superior anti-disturbance capability and robustness but also achieves higher tracking accuracy compared to conventional sliding mode controller.
Zero-Tillage Induces Reduced Bio-Efficacy Against Weed Species Amaranthus retroflexus L. Dependent on Atrazine Formulation
Authors: Wardak D. Luke R. , Padia Faheem N. , de Heer Martine I. , Sturrock Craig J. , Mooney Sacha J.
Published: January 2025

Zero-tillage (ZT) is a conservation soil management approach which relies more heavily on herbicide application for weed control than in ploughed soil. Changes in soil management can influence the structure and organisation of pore space in soil, which drives changes in the transport of particulates and dissolved substances. Formulation of pesticides can be used to change the delivery of active ingredients to soil; however, it is currently unknown how changing the formulation of an herbicide can influence the transport properties between ZT vs. ploughing. We investigated the bioefficacy of two formulations of the herbicide atrazine, a pre- and post-emergence herbicide that inhibits photosystem II. Bioefficacy was assessed using physical measures and survival analysis of an early photosynthesis-dependent weed species, Amaranthus retroflexus L., over time, and soil pore network structure was assessed by analysing three-dimensional images produced by X-ray Computed Tomography. Increasing the herbicide application rate generally improved bioefficacy, though it was reduced in soils managed under ZT. Under herbicide-treated ZT samples, survival time was higher, ranging from 13.4 to 18.2 days compared with 12.6 to 15.4 days in ploughed samples, the mean dry plant mass was higher, ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 mg compared with 0.05 to 0.68 mg in ploughed samples, and the mean total plant length was higher, ranging from 1.73 to 12.1 mm compared with 0.2 to 5.45 mm in ploughed samples. Changes in the soil pore network previously demonstrated to be indicators of preferential transport were correlated with measures of bioefficacy, including pore thickness and connectivity density. Reduced atrazine efficacy under ZT is problematic considering the inherent reliance on chemical methods for weed control, we suggest that pursuing formulation strategies to alleviate potential risks of loss via preferential transport may be fruitful.
A Global Comparative Genomic Analysis of Major Bacterial Pathogens in Bovine Mastitis and Lameness
Authors: Kusza Szilvia , Bagi Zoltán
Published: January 2025

This study presents a comprehensive genomic reanalysis of major bacterial pathogens causing bovine mastitis and lameness, focusing on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Treponema phagedenis. Through our analysis of 4326 bacterial genomes from global databases, we identified distinct patterns in genomic diversity, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes across these species. E. coli showed the highest genomic diversity with 3779 isolates, of which 98% exhibited high-quality genome sequences. Similarly, S. aureus demonstrated significant genomic plasticity across 524 isolates, with 99.8% classified as high-quality genomes. Geographical analysis revealed distinct regional variations in strain distribution, with North America contributing 45.3% of all isolates, followed by Asia (21.2%) and Europe (18.1%). Furthermore, we identified novel virulence mechanisms and resistance patterns specific to each pathogen, with particular emphasis on the evolution of antimicrobial resistance genes. Our findings provide crucial insights into pathogen adaptation and host–microbe interactions, suggesting the need for region-specific intervention strategies. These results have significant implications for developing targeted therapeutic approaches and improving bovine health management practices.
Association Between Zinc Levels and the Impact of Its Deficiency on Idiopathic Male Infertility: An Up-to-Date Review
Authors: Zečević Nebojša , Veselinović Aleksandra , Perović Milan , Stojsavljević Aleksandar
Published: January 2025

Background: Zinc (Zn) is an essential metal that plays a critical role in normal testicular development, spermatogenesis, prevention of sperm degradation, and overall male fertility. This review aims to offer a comprehensive and current overview of seminal plasma Zn levels in fertile men worldwide. It also aims to compare Zn levels in seminal plasma and blood (serum/plasma) between infertile men (cases) and fertile men (controls), examine the impact of Zn on sperm quality and the reproductive hormone, and highlight the effects of Zn supplementation therapy in male infertility. Methods: To achieve these goals, peer-reviewed studies from 2000 to 2024 were interrogated with regard to strict inclusion/exclusion criteria and were then thoroughly reviewed and analyzed. Results: Our findings indicate that maintaining optimal seminal plasma Zn levels is crucial, as low Zn levels are linked to impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility, while high Zn levels can cause oxidative stress and other changes that contribute to infertility. Seminal plasma Zn levels from 100 to 200 mg/L among fertile men worldwide can be roughly considered safe. Comparative analysis showed that a greater number of studies reported lower levels of seminal Zn in cases than in controls. Research into the impact of Zn levels in seminal plasma has shown that, although the results are not yet conclusive, altered (non-normal) Zn levels could influence semen parameters—particularly motility, morphology, and sperm count—and the level of the reproductive hormone, testosterone. Zinc-deficient infertile men could benefit from supplement therapy. Conclusions: Assessment of seminal plasma Zn levels in infertile men could provide valuable information and aid in diagnosis and treatment planning.
Curcumin Attenuates Fumonisin B1-Induced PK-15 Cell Apoptosis by Upregulating miR-1249 Expression to Inhibit the IRE1/MKK7/JNK/CASPASE3 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Jia , Xiong Dongwei , Long Miao
Published: January 2025

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is an important toxin which poses global concerns in terms of food safety. Curcumin (Cur), a natural polyphenolic compound, has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Meanwhile, the mechanisms underlying the mitigation of FB1-induced toxicity by Cur are not fully understood, limiting its potential application as a novel feed additive to prevent FB1 toxicity. In this study, porcine kidney cells (PK-15) were used as an experimental model, utilizing mRNA and miRNA transcriptome technologies. The results revealed that Cur upregulated miR-1249 and inhibited the target gene Ern1 in the PK-15 cells, thereby suppressing the IRE1/MKK7/JNK/CASPASE3 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway and alleviating FB1-induced cell apoptosis. Cell transfection experiments confirmed that Cur effectively attenuated the apoptosis induced by ER stress following transfection with a miR-1249 inhibitor. Similarly, transfection with a miR-1249 mimic alleviated the ER stress and FB1-induced PK-15 cell apoptosis. These findings reveal that Cur mitigates FB1-induced ER stress and significantly reduces apoptotic damage in porcine kidney cells.
Enhancing Travel Reservation Benefits Through Incentive and Penalty Mechanisms in Urban Congested Roads
Authors: Chen Hengrui , Zhou Ruiyu , Chen Hong
Published: January 2025

To enhance the refinement of urban traffic demand management, this study explores the impact of introducing incentive and penalty mechanisms in the urban road travel reservation strategy (TRS) on both heterogeneous users and the road network. The existing research on TRS has primarily focused on static evaluations, which have limitations in terms of the one-sidedness of travel service methods and the homogeneity of users’ travel choices. Moreover, these studies overlook the multidimensional decision-making of travelers and the synergistic effects of urban multimodal transportation systems. To overcome these limitations, this paper introduces incentives and penalties for users and develops an agent-based multi-objective optimization model. The model optimizes travel incentive schemes to maximize social benefits, considering the interests of both system managers and travelers. Additionally, an agent-based dynamic traffic simulation model is constructed, incorporating individual travel decisions, real-time traffic conditions, and the balance of road supply and demand. The findings indicate that the introduction of incentive and penalty mechanisms increased the transportation system’s revenue by 17.26% and reduced travel costs by 2.67%. TRS implementation significantly improved traffic performance and reduced congestion across the road network. Specifically, the average speed, road saturation, and network traffic volume increased by 6.7%, 9.3%, and 3.7%, respectively. Moreover, the proportion of users participating in reservation travel increased by 48.5%, with travelers more willing to adjust their travel times. Heterogeneous travelers with different time valuations showed distinct responses to the TRS. In conclusion, TRS offers significant potential in promoting sustainable urban transportation, providing both theoretical insights and practical implications for urban planners and policymakers.
Detection of Defects on Metal Surfaces Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Han Onur Cem , Kutbay Uğurhan
Published: January 2025

Various types of defects can occur on metal surfaces during production due to various factors. Detecting these defects is of great importance for the quality and reliability of the product. Manual inspections are time-consuming and prone to errors, especially as production scales increase Although Deep Learning and Computer Vision techniques show promise, the large data sizes of datasets created for deep learning and the high training costs of deep learning models lead to negative effects in terms of storage and energy efficiency. We propose a new method to improve defect detection rates, reduce labor losses, decrease data sizes, and improve energy efficiency. For the experiments, we used the Northeastern University (NEU) surface defect database as a reference, and the MobileNetV2 architecture as the model. The deep learning model was trained separately using both the grayscale-converted NEU database and the database created with the proposed method, and the accuracies of the datasets were compared. Image preprocessing techniques such as morphological operations, Gaussian noise addition, Principal Component Analysis, and image thresholding with Otsu thresholding were used for defect detection. The model was trained using the newly created database, achieving a successful result with an average accuracy rate of 87% using the proposed algorithm.
Evolutionary Approach to the Euclidean Steiner Tree Problem in n-Space
Authors: Bereta Michał
Published: January 2025

This article presents the application of a genetic algorithm for solving the Euclidean Steiner problem in spaces of dimensionality greater than 2. The Euclidean Steiner problem involves finding the minimum spanning network that connects a given set of vertices, including the additional Steiner vertices, in a multi-dimensional space. The focus of this research is to compare several different settings of the method, including the crossover operators and sorting of the input data. The paper points out that significant improvement in results can be achieved through proper initialization of the initial population, which depends on the appropriate sorting of vertices. Two approaches were proposed, one based on the nearest neighbor method, and the other on the construction of a minimum spanning tree.
Anti-Proliferative Activity of Ethylenediurea Derivatives with Alkyl and Oxygen-Containing Groups as Substituents
Authors: Oshchepkov Maxim , Kovalenko Leonid , Kalistratova Antonida , Sherstyanykh Galina , Gorbacheva Evgenia , Antonov Alexey , Khadour Nisreen , Akimov Mikhail
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Natural cytokinins are a promising group of anti-tumor agents. In this work, we hypothesized that modification of the ethylenediurea moiety with alkyl and oxygen-containing groups could be a way to enhance the anti-proliferative properties of the molecule. Methods: Ten new analogs of ethylenediurea with these substitutions were tested for anti-proliferative activity in the human cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer), A-375 (melanoma), and U-87 MG (glioblastoma) during 72 h of incubation using resazurin test and evaluated the substances receptor using molecular docking. Results: The compound with the carbamate link and ethylene substituent on the phenyl ring inhibited proliferation in these models by 70–90% without cytotoxic effects. The compound did not affect the viability of the immortalized fibroblast cell line Bj-5ta. The compound was also able to enhance the action of doxorubicin and temozolomide by about 20%. According to the molecular modeling data, the probable receptor target for the synthesized compound was the A2AR adenosine receptor. Conclusions: The results obtained on the ethylenediurea analogs with ethyl substituent in the aromatic ring are promising for the development of novel anticancer therapeutics.
The LKB1–AMPK Signaling Axis Modulates Ferroptosis in Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes Derived from Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Lee Ha-Reum , Yoo Su-Jin , Kim Jinhyun , Kang Seong Wook
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death that involves iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides. Because fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a hyperplastic and inflammatory phenotype, selective induction of FLS cell death is considered a potential treatment strategy for RA. Liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling regulates the inflammation and migration of RA FLSs, contributing to RA pathogenesis. Here, we aimed to determine the effect of LKB1 knockdown on the ferroptosis pathway in RA FLSs. Methods: Synovial tissues from patients with RA (n = 5) were transfected with siRNA targeting LKB1. Cell viability was evaluated via 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Annexin V/7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) staining. Ferroptosis was assessed using boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) lipid probes, a ferrous ion detection kit, and a glutathione detection assay. Expression of hallmarks of various cell death pathways was analyzed using western blot. Results: RA FLS cell death significantly increased after transfection with LKB1 siRNA (p < 0.01). Lipid peroxidation was upregulated and the expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) were suppressed in LKB1-deficient cells. Additionally, LKB1 inhibition made RA FLSs highly sensitive to ferroptosis. When RA FLSs were incubated with an activator of AMPK, LKB1 knockdown-mediated inhibition was restored through upregulated expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11. Conclusions: these findings suggest that LKB1–AMPK signaling is essential to protect RA FLSs against ferroptosis.
Nonlinear Load-Deflection Analysis of Steel Rebar-Reinforced Concrete Beams: Experimental, Theoretical and Machine Learning Analysis
Authors: Karabulut Muhammet
Published: January 2025

The integration of cutting-edge technologies into reinforced concrete (RC) design is reshaping the construction industry, enabling smarter and more sustainable solutions. Among these, machine learning (ML), a subset of artificial intelligence (AI), has emerged as a transformative tool, offering unprecedented accuracy in prediction and optimization. This study investigated the flexural behavior of steel rebar RC beams, focusing on varying concrete compressive strengths via theoretical, experimental and ML analysis. Nine steel rebar RC beams with low (SC20), moderate (SC30) and high (SC40) concrete compressive strength, measuring 150 × 200 × 1100 mm, were produced and subjected to three-point bending tests. An average error of less than 5% was obtained between the theoretical calculations and the experiments of the ultimate load-carrying capacity of reinforced concrete beams. By combining three-point bending experiments with ML-powered prediction models, this research bridges the gap between experimental insights and advanced analytical techniques. A groundbreaking aspect of this work is the deployment of 18 ML regression models using Python’s PyCaret library to predict deflection values with an impressive average accuracy of 95%. Notably, the K Neighbors Regressor and Gradient Boosting Regressor models demonstrated exceptional performance, providing fast, consistent and highly accurate predictions, making them an invaluable tool for structural engineers. The results revealed distinct failure mechanisms: SC30 and SC40 RC beams exhibited ductile flexural cracking, while SC20 RC beams showed brittle shear cracking and failure with sudden collapse.
Neonatal Emergency Transport Organisation and Activities in Italy—The Nationwide 2023 Survey by the Neonatal Transport Study Group of the Italian Society of Neonatology
Authors: Bellini Carlo , Gente Maurizio , Minghetti Diego ,   on behalf of the Neonatal Transport Study Group of the Italian Society of Neonatology
Published: January 2025

Background: The regionalisation of perinatal care emphasises the importance of transferring high-risk pregnancies “in utero” to minimise risks; yet, neonatal inter-facility transport remains necessary. Neonatal Emergency Transport Services (NETSs) play a crucial role in reducing transportation risks, especially for very preterm infants. Italy’s healthcare system, which is decentralised in nature, leads to variations in NETS organisation and resources across the country, resulting in disparities in access and quality of care. Methods: A questionnaire regarding neonatal transfer practices and NETS activity was sent to the 55 NETSs operating in twenty Italian regions. Demographic data were obtained from the Italian National Statistical Institute (ISTAT). Results: Survey Overview. A 2022 national survey by the Italian Society of Neonatology aimed to assess the status of NETS in Italy, achieving a 100% response rate from the 55 NETS. The 2022 data highlighted the transport of 6494 neonatal, of which 92% were primary transports (transferred to higher-level care) and 553 were back-transports (returning stabilised neonates to lower-level care). Subgroup analysis identified 544 transports of neonates born at 30–34 weeks of gestation and 305 transports of neonates born at under 30 weeks of gestation. This was shown to have regional variability. NETS coverage: 18 regions have full NETS coverage. Sicily offers partial coverage. Sardinia, despite an approved plan, lacks an operational NETS. Operational models: all NETS provide a 24/7 service; 50 NETSs rely on an on-call basis using NICU staff for transport. Only five NETS have dedicated teams exclusively for neonatal transport. This decentralisation results in heterogeneity in service availability, access, and quality. Conclusions: This study highlights that although differences still exist, the NETS in Italy is adequately structured and effective. The presence of NETS operating with limited transport volumes puts a strain on maintaining skilled staff and cost-effective operations. Regional disparities: inequities in NETS access (e.g., in Sicily and Sardinia regions) underline the need to improve regional collaboration. While Italy has made progress in organising NETS, regional discrepancies persist in access and service quality, reflecting the decentralised nature of its healthcare system.
The Relationship Between Fatigue, Pain Interference, Pain-Related Distress, and Avoidance in Pediatric Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome
Authors: Sokol Olivia E. , Biggs Emma E. , Berger Ardin S. , Simons Laura E. , Bhandari Rashmi P.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Fatigue is a known predictor of disability and reduced quality of life in youth with hypermobility and chronic pain in general. Given the added relationship between chronic fatigue and connective tissue disorders, including hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome (hEDS), this study aims to investigate the comparative role of fatigue on important predictors of outcomes for youth with and without hEDS who have chronic pain. Methods: In this retrospective study, pediatric patients with chronic pain diagnosed with hEDS (n = 100) were compared to an age- and sex-matched group of youth with chronic pain without diagnosed hypermobility (n = 100). Participants completed measures of pain-related distress (PCS-C), avoidance (FOPQ-A), and pediatric PROMIS measures for fatigue, anxiety, and pain interference. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests, t-tests, and ANCOVAs in RStudio. Results: Fatigue scores were higher and clinically elevated fatigue was more prevalent in those with hEDS than in matched chronic pain peers. Fatigue was significantly positively related to pain interference, avoidance, and pain-related distress in youth with and without hEDS. Conclusions: The current study supports the need for multidisciplinary treatment and rehabilitation for pediatric chronic pain and hypermobility and suggests that fatigue may be an important factor to consider when treating youth with hypermobility.
Physical Activity and Depression in Breast Cancer Patients: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Li Anlong , Zheng Xinyi , Liu Dajie , Huang Runze , Ge Han , Cheng Ling , Zhang Mingjun , Cheng Huaidong
Published: January 2025

Breast cancer is a significant traumatic experience that often leads to chronic stress and mental health challenges. Research has consistently shown that physical activity—especially exercise—can alleviate depressive symptoms; however, the specific biological mechanisms underlying these antidepressant effects remain unclear. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the biological mechanisms of depression and the antidepressant mechanisms of physical activity and explore the biological processes through which exercise exerts its antidepressant effects in breast cancer patients. We focus on the impact of physical activity on inflammation, the endocrine system, glutamate, and other aspects, all of which play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of depression. Moreover, we discuss the heterogeneity of depression in breast cancer patients and the complex interactions between its underlying mechanisms. Additionally, we propose that a deeper understanding of these mechanisms in the breast cancer population can guide the design and implementation of exercise-based interventions that maximize the antidepressant benefits of physical activity. Finally, we summarize the current research and propose future research directions.
Halomonas kashgarensis sp. nov., a Novel Species Isolated from the Rhizosphere Soil of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud in Kashgar County, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Liang Zhen-Pu , Wang Yi , Chen Xiao-Yue , Wang Rui , Xu Yan , Dai Jin-Ping , Singh Deepali , Zhang Xiao-Xia
Published: January 2025

A novel Gram-negative, orange-colored, rod-shaped, oxidase and catalase-positive, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as zp-37T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud in Kashgar County, Xinjiang, China. The phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA genes, revealed that strain zp-37T belongs to the genus Halomonas. Growth of strain zp-37T was observed at 10–43 °C, pH 6.0–11.0, and 0–20% NaCl (w/v). The principal fatty acids of strain zp-37T were summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c, 55.67%) and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c, 20.16%). The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), unidentified phospholipids (UPL 1–3), unidentified aminophospholipids (UAPL 1–2), and unidentified lipid (UL). Its main respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-9 (100%). The genome of strain zp-37T was 3,489,967 bp in size, containing two plasmids with lengths of 18,112 bp and 4364 bp, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain zp-37T was 59.3%. By the genome annotation, various genes related to the function of saline-alkaline stress tolerance and plant growth promotion were predicted. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain zp-37T and its five closely related strains were 72.64–75.59% and 19.70–20.40%, respectively, which were lower than the threshold for species delineation (ANI: 95–96%, dDDH: 70%). Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic analyses and genomic comparisons, strain zp-37T was suggested to represent a novel species within the genus Halomonas, for which the name Halomonas kashgarensis sp. nov. is proposed. The strain type was designated zp-37T (=CGMCC 1.62213T = JCM 37305T).
Diversity and Elevational Levels of Lichens in Western Tianshan National Nature Reserve in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Tumur Anwar , Mamut Reyim , Seaward Mark R. D.
Published: January 2025

Western Tianshan National Nature Reserve in Xinjiang, China stands out for its uniqueness and high biodiversity, including lichens. This study aims to characterize lichen diversity and compare distribution patterns of different life forms, substratum affinities and photobiont types. Surveys were conducted from June to August 2024 using stratified sampling methods at elevation ranging from 1100 m to 3400 m in the study area. Morphological, anatomical and chemical studies revealed 173 lichen species from 24 families and 58 genera, of which 100 species were identified as crustose, 46 as foliose and 27 as fruticose. Among the different habitat groups, strictly saxicolous lichens were dominant with 89 species, followed by corticolous lichens with 44 species and terricolous lichens with 40 species. The total species richness of lichens has a bimodal pattern: one peak appears at a low altitude (1701–2000 m) and the other at a high altitude (2901–3200 m). Among the three substratum categories studied, the species richness of terricolous lichens showed a unimodal relationship with elevation, and the saxicolous lichen had a bimodal pattern. The species richness of corticolous lichens was highest at lower and medium elevations and decreased at higher elevations. With respect to photobiont type, the species richness of cyanolichens showed a unimodal relationship with elevation. Maximum richness occurred at 2700 m, contrary to the chlorolichens, which had a bimodal pattern. Species richness of all three growth forms of lichens showed a bimodal pattern related to elevation. Among the three morphological types, crustose and foliose species richness had their highest values of 38 and 19, respectively, at 1701–2000 m, and fruticose lichens peaked with a maximum of 13 species at 2301–2600 m. The species richness of crustose lichens is lowest between altitudes 2300 and 2600 m, while the lowest species richness of fruticose and foliose lichens occurs at 2001–2300 m and elevations above 2900 m.
DSGE Estimation Using Generalized Empirical Likelihood and Generalized Minimum Contrast
Authors: Boaretto Gilberto , Laurini Márcio Poletti
Published: January 2025

We investigate the performance of estimators of the generalized empirical likelihood and minimum contrast families in the estimation of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models, with particular attention to the robustness properties under misspecification. From a Monte Carlo experiment, we found that (i) the empirical likelihood estimator—as well as its version with smoothed moment conditions—and Bayesian inference obtained, in that order, the best performances, including misspecification cases; (ii) continuous updating empirical likelihood, minimum Hellinger distance, exponential tilting estimators, and their smoothed versions exhibit intermediate comparative performance; (iii) the performance of exponentially tilted empirical likelihood, exponential tilting Hellinger distance, and their smoothed versions was seriously compromised by atypical estimates; (iv) smoothed and non-smoothed estimators exhibit very similar performances; and (v) the generalized method of moments, especially in the over-identified case, and maximum likelihood estimators performed worse than their competitors.
Speaker Verification Based on Channel Attention and Adaptive Joint Loss
Authors: Fan Houbin , Li Jun , Ge Fengpei , Liang Chunyan
Published: January 2025

In deep learning-based speaker verification, the loss function plays a crucial role. Most systems rely on a single loss function, or simply sum multiple losses with manually adjusted weights, increasing experimental complexity and failing to fully leverage the complementary characteristics of different losses. To address this, this paper proposes a speaker verification system based on channel attention and adaptive joint loss optimization. An adaptive joint loss function dynamically adjusts loss weights, allowing the model to better learn the similarities and differences of speakers, narrowing the gap between closed- and open-set testing, and enhancing generalization ability. A channel attention squeeze-and-excitation module is designed to improve the network’s ability to extract channel-specific features. On the AISHELL-1 dataset, the system achieved an equal error rate of 0.84% and a minimum detection cost function of 0.0528. Experimental results demonstrate a significant improvement in speaker verification performance, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Exploiting Personalized Observation Frequency for Proportional Integral Derivative-Based Diabetes Management
Authors: Viroonluecha Phuwadol , Egea-Lopez Esteban , Santa Jose
Published: January 2025

People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) need to monitor their blood glucose level frequently and use insulin to regulate it. T1D typically develops in young individuals and requires lifelong insulin injections for glycemic control. High or low blood glucose levels can lead to serious health issues. To address the challenges posed by regular monitoring and manual insulin injections, automated glucose control methods have been developed. Various insulin regimes are used to manage blood sugar levels, such as traditional regimes that involve one or two injections per day or multiple daily injection therapy, which offers more flexibility in the diet and dosage but still requires patients to monitor their carbohydrate intake and insulin injections. A proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is an automated glucose control method that is commonly used in commercial and research settings due to its simplicity and robustness. However, despite its effectiveness, this method can be affected by external factors like food, exercise, and illness. This study proposes to set an individualized observation frequency (OF) per user for the PID controller for blood glucose control in T1D. Optimizing the OF improves the PID controller’s performance, maintaining or elevating median glucose levels. Tuning the OF offers a simple and effective enhancement for the widely used PID controller.
A Surrogate-Assisted Intelligent Adaptive Generation Framework for Cost-Effective Coal Blending Strategy in Thermal Power Units
Authors: Wang Xiang , Wu Siyu , Wang Teng , Ding Jiangrui
Published: January 2025

The coal cost of coal-fired units accounts for more than 70% of the total power generation cost. In addition to determining coal costs, coal blending strategies (CBS) significantly impact various types of costs, such as pollutant removal and emissions. To address these issues, we propose a framework for generating cost-effective CBS. The framework includes a unit output condition recognition module (UOCR) that enables the adaptive classification of output conditions based on historical operation datasets, performing intelligent condition recognition with Imitator and pre-trained image classification models using blending strategies and unit parameters as inputs. The cost-effective strategy generation module (CESG) employs a surrogate model to evaluate the economic viability of strategies in terms of coal and environmental costs, among other factors. It also employs UOCR as another surrogate model to validate strategy feasibility. Cost-effective strategies are generated via a population-based metaheuristic algorithm. In the case study, the UOCR achieved an average training accuracy of 96.64%, and the generated cost-effective strategies reduced costs by an average of 3.37% compared to currently implemented strategies.
Optimization of Artificial Intelligence Algorithm Selection: PIPRECIA-S Model and Multi-Criteria Analysis
Authors: Popović Stefan , Viduka Dejan , Bašić Ana , Dimić Violeta , Djukic Dejan , Nikolić Vojkan , Stokić Aleksandar
Published: January 2025

In the age of digitization and the ever-present use of artificial intelligence (AI), it is essential to develop methodologies that enable the systematic evaluation and ranking of different AI algorithms. This paper investigated the application of the PIPRECIA-S model as a methodological framework for the multi-criteria ranking of AI algorithms. Analyzing relevant criteria such as efficiency, flexibility, ease of implementation, stability and scalability, the paper provided a comprehensive overview of existing algorithms and identified their strengths and weaknesses. The research results showed that the PIPRECIA-S model enabled a structured and objective assessment, which facilitated decision-making in selecting the most suitable algorithms for specific applications. This approach not only advances the understanding of AI algorithms but also contributes to the development of strategies for their implementation in various industries.
A Framework for Integrating Log-Structured Merge-Trees and Key–Value Separation in Tiered Storage
Authors: Jaranilla Charles , Zhao Guangxun , Choi Gunhee , Park Sohyun , Choi Jongmoo
Published: January 2025

This paper presents an approach that integrates tiered storage into the Log-Structured Merge (LSM)-tree to balance Key–Value Store (KVS) performance and storage financial cost trade-offs. The implementation focuses on applying tiered storage to LSM-tree-based KVS architectures, using both vertical and horizontal storage alignment strategies or a combination of both. Additionally, these configurations leverage key–value (KV) separation to further improve performance. Our experiments reveal that this approach reduces storage financial costs while offering trade-offs in write and read performance. For write-intensive workloads, our approach achieves competitive performance compared to a fast NVMe Solid State Drive (SSD)-only approach while storing 96% of data on more affordable SATA SSDs. Additionally, it exhibits lookup performance comparable to BlobDB, and improves range query performance by 1.8x over RocksDB on NVMe SSDs. Overall, the approach results in a 49.5% reduction in storage financial cost compared to RocksDB and BlobDB on NVMe SSDs. The integration of selective KV separation further advances these improvements, setting the stage for future research into offloading remote data in LSM-tree tiered storage systems.
A Method for Optimal Allocation of Distribution Network Resources Considering Power–Communication Network Coupling
Authors: Sun Kaitao , Liu Jiancun , Qin Chao , Chen Xi
Published: January 2025

With the development of distribution networks, the widespread use of communication devices has exposed these networks to the risk of cross-domain attacks. Based on the coupling relationship between power and communication networks, a method for the optimal allocation of distribution network resources considering this coupling is proposed. In the resource allocation stage, given the limited availability of resources, optimal allocation is carried out for resources such as distributed generations and remote-controlled switches; additionally, the resilience of the distribution network is enhanced through the reinforcement of both the distribution lines and communication links. In the prevention stage, in advance of extreme events, preventive islanding is formed through switch operations. In the degradation stage, the distribution network identifies faulted and non-faulted areas based on the fault propagation model, while the communication network assesses the fault status of communication nodes based on the virtual flow model. In the recovery stage, coordinated control of remote-controlled switches and distributed generations with normal communication is implemented for network reconfiguration to minimize load losses. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through the IEEE 33-node system.
Analysis of Olive Oil Mill Wastewater from Conventionally Farmed Olives: Chemical and Microbiological Safety and Polyphenolic Profile for Possible Use in Food Product Functionalization
Authors: Sciurba Lino , Indelicato Serena , Gaglio Raimondo , Barbera Marcella , Marra Francesco Paolo , Bongiorno David , Davino Salvatore , Piazzese Daniela , Settanni Luca , Avellone Giuseppe
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to perform an in-depth investigation of olive oil mill wastewater (OOMW). Two OOMW samples (OOMW-A and OOMW-B) from conventionally farmed olives were collected from two different olive oil mills in Palermo province (Italy). Multiresidual analysis indicated that both OOMW samples were unsuitable for food production due to pesticide residues. Specifically, OOMW-A contained 4 active compounds totaling 5.7 μg/L, while OOMW-B had 16 analytes with a total content of 65.8 μg/L. However, polyphenol analysis in the OOMW revealed 23 compounds with high concentrations of hydroxytyrosol, secoiridoid derivatives, phenolic acids, flavones, and total polyphenol content ranging from 377.5 μg/mL (for OOMW-B) to 391.8 μg/mL (for OOMW-A). The microbiological analysis of OOMW samples revealed only detectable viable bacteria (102 CFU/mL) of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) group. Two distinct LAB strains, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum OMW1 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides OMW23, were identified. These strains demonstrated notable acidification capabilities and produced antibacterial compounds. In conclusion, despite the high polyphenolic content and microbiological suitability of OOMW, the presence of micro-contaminants hinders their use in food production. Thus, further studies are underway to investigate OOMW from organically farmed olives for bakery product functionalization, employing the two selected LAB strains resistant to olive polyphenols as leavening agents.
Development and Validation of a Case-Based Survey Assessing Ethical Decision-Making in Prehospital Resuscitation
Authors: Milling Louise , Kjær Jeannett , Sørensen Oliver B. , Möller Sören , Hansen Peter M. , Binderup Lars G. , Schaffalitzky de Muckadell Caroline , Christensen Erika F. , Christensen Helle C. , Lassen Annmarie T. , Nielsen Dorthe , Mikkelsen Søren
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Ethical considerations are central to deciding on resuscitation in a prehospital setting. A systematic study of ethical views can enlighten the area and potentially reveal variations in decision-making. We aimed to explore the ethical views on resuscitation and their impact on the reasoning of prehospital healthcare professionals using a qualitative approach and a structured questionnaire. This study describes the validation of a structured questionnaire designed to explore the ethical views on resuscitation and its impact on the reasoning of prehospital healthcare professionals. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study used a mixed-methods approach. The questionnaire included qualitative free-text fields and quantitative scales. Its first version was developed based on data from a systematic review and an ethnographic study. Validation involved face-to-face interviews and a two-round Delphi process with experts in qualitative research, philosophy, epidemiology, and prehospital medicine. The final questionnaire was field-tested among Danish prehospital physicians. Exploratory factor analysis assessed underlying relationships, and Cronbach’s alpha measured internal consistency. Results: 216 out of 380 invited Danish prehospital physicians completed the questionnaire. The ethical aspects addressed in the cases included “do-not-attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation,” “socioeconomic status,” “quality of life,” “the patient and family’s cultural background,” and “relatives’ emotional reaction.” The questionnaire demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.71. Conclusions: The questionnaire was validated as a tool for assessing moral reasoning and variations in perspectives in prehospital decision-making. The survey can be used to assess the moral reasoning and variations therein in prehospital resuscitation decision-making.
Conservation of OFD1 Protein Motifs: Implications for Discovery of Novel Interactors and the OFD1 Function
Authors: Jagodzik Przemysław , Zietkiewicz Ewa , Bukowy-Bieryllo Zuzanna
Published: January 2025

OFD1 is a protein involved in many cellular processes, including cilia biogenesis, mitotic spindle assembly, translation, autophagy and the repair of double-strand DNA breaks. Despite many potential interactors identified in high-throughput studies, only a few have been directly confirmed with their binding sites identified. We performed an analysis of the evolutionary conservation of the OFD1 sequence in three clades: 80 Tetrapoda, 144 Vertebrata or 26 Animalia species, and identified 59 protein-binding motifs localized in the OFD1 regions conserved in various clades. Our results indicate that OFD1 contains 14 potential post-translational modification (PTM) sites targeted by at least eight protein kinases, seven motifs bound by proteins recognizing phosphorylated aa residues and a binding site for phosphatase 2A. Moreover, OFD1 harbors both a motif that enables its phosphorylation by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and a specific docking site for these proteins. Generally, our results suggest that OFD1 forms a scaffold for interaction with many proteins and is tightly regulated by PTMs and ligands. Future research on OFD1 should focus on the regulation of OFD1 function and localization.
Overexpression of Suaeda salsa SsDHN Gene Enhances Salt Resistance in Tobacco by Improving Photosynthetic Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Ma Hui , Guo Jiangmei , Lu Sijia , Zhang Li , Chen Shuisen , Lin Jinwei , Zheng Tianqi , Zhuang Fengming , Li Hui , Zhong Ming
Published: January 2025

Salt stress is a major abiotic stress that interferes with plant growth and affects crop production. Dehydrin (DHN), a member of the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein family, was considered to be a stress protein involved in the protective reaction of plant dehydration. Our previous research has shown that overexpression of the Suaeda salsa SsDHN gene enhances tolerance to salt stress in tobacco. However, the research on its protection in photosynthesis under salt stress remains unclear. In this study, gene overexpression (SsDHN-OE) tobacco plants were utilized to study the effect of the SsDHN gene on plant photosynthesis under salt stress. Our findings showed that overexpression of SsDHN increased the biomass, leaf area, root length, and root surface area in tobacco seedlings under salt stress conditions. The transgenic tobacco with overexpression of SsDHN had obvious stomatal closure, which effectively alleviated the adverse effects of salt stress on photosynthetic efficiency. Overexpression of the SsDHN gene in tobacco can effectively reduce the degree of photoinhibition and chloroplast damage caused by salt stress. Moreover, the SsDHN-overexpressing transgenic tobacco plants exhibited a decrease in oxidative damage and protected membrane structures related to photosynthesis by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and antioxidant substance content. It was further found that the expression levels of photosynthetic and antioxidant-related genes Rubisco, SBPase, POD7, CAT3, APX2, and SOD3 were significantly up-regulated by overexpressing the SsDHN gene in tobacco seedlings under salt stress. In conclusion, the SsDHN gene might improve the salt stress resistance of tobacco seedlings and be involved in regulating photosynthesis and antioxidant activity under salt stress.