bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH (PBM) DALAM SETTING PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TGT DAN GI TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN HASIL BELAJAR KIMIA PESERTA DIDIK SMAN 1 AIKMEL
Authors: Ismayawati Baiq , Purwoko Agus Abhi , - Muntari
Published: January 2018

This study aims to describe the differences in critical thinking skills and chemistry learning achievement between learners who follow the model of problem-based learning (PBL) in cooperative learning settings TGT and GI at the rate of material reaction. The research is a quasi-experimental research design with pretest-posttest non equivalent control group designe with sample XI IPA 1 and XI IPA 2 are determined by random selection technique based on similarity mean value of daily tests I. Experiential learning and learner response is estimated to affect more significant learning achievement in the classroom PBM setting GI as evidenced by the average N-Gain learning outcomes in the classroom PBM setting GI of 0.43 and the average N-Gain learning achievement in the classroom PBM setting TGT of 0.32. The differences are also evidenced by the results of the hypothesis test showed a significance value of 0.002 (p <0.05). While based on the calculation of the average critical thinking skills in mind that PBM setting TGT has a more significant effect than the PBM GI settings as evidenced by the difference in the value of critical thinking skills after learning process (posttest) and prior to the learning process (pretest) on PBM classroom setting TGT and PBM GI settings are respectively 19.93 and 14.42. While the test is based on differences in critical thinking skills, it is known that there are differences between classes of critical thinking skills PBM settings TGT and PBM settings GI as evidenced by the significant value of 0.018 (p <0.05).Keywords: PBM setting TGT, PBM setting GI, critical thinking skills, learning achievement of chemistry.
Dynamic Convolutional Neural Network For Image Super-resolution
Authors: Bhujel Anil , Pant Dibakar Raj
Published: January 2018

Single image super-resolution (SISR) is a technique that reconstructs high resolution image from single low resolution image. Dynamic Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) is used here for the reconstruction of high resolution image from single low resolution image. It takes low resolution image as input and produce high resolution image as output for dynamic up-scaling factor 2, 3, and 4. The dynamic convolutional neural network directly learns an end-to-end mapping between low resolution and high resolution images. The CNN trained simultaneously with images up-scaled by factors 2, 3, and 4 to make it dynamic. The system is then tested for the input images with up-scaling factors 2, 3 and 4. The dynamically trained CNN performs well for all three up-scaling factors. The performance of network is measured by PSNR, WPSNR, SSIM, MSSSIM, and also by perceptual.

Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management, Vol. 3, 2017, Page: 1-10
Properties Related to Weight Function
Authors: Parajuli Vinod , Ghimire Santosh
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we begin with brief discussion of theory of weights and Ap weight functions. We then state and prove some of the properties of AP weight function using elementary analysis tools. 

Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management, Vol. 3, 2017, Page: 111-114
Louis Bromfield and the Pursuit of Agroecological Abundance: The Use and Limits of an Environmentalist Alternative
Authors: Hall Randal L.
Published: January 2018

In the early Cold War years, neo-Malthusian authors alarmed many readers with predictions that food and other resources would fall short in supplying rapidly growing populations as ecological conditions worsened. Louis Bromfield, a prominent author, political commentator and soil conservationist, countered the neo-Malthusians by claiming that modernising farming reforms, particularly involving better care of the soil, would allow long-time abundance to continue. He undertook exemplary projects in the US Midwest, the US South and southern Brazil. Bromfield and his cohort mingled ideas about soil, health, politics and both domestic and international modernisation in ways that call into question long-time scholarly distinctions between conservation and environmentalism, while underscoring how US regional stereotypes fed into the nation's Cold War ideas about international development. Bromfield's argument that conservation was integral to modernisation did not become the dominant practice, and agricultural conservation remains a significant environmental need.
Sex Influences the Accuracy of Subjective Memory Complaint Reporting in Older Adults
Authors: Sundermann Erin E. , Edmonds Emily C. , Delano-Wood Lisa , Galasko Douglas R. , Salmon David P. , Rubin Leah H. , Bondi Mark W. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2018

Subjective memory complaints (SMC) are required when diagnosing amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), although their relationship with objective memory performance and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology remains unclear. We investigated whether the sex of the patient/participant moderates these associations. Participants were 940 normal control (NC) and aMCI participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. SMC were assessed via the memory scale of the Everyday Cognition questionnaire. Discrepancy scores were calculated between self- and informant-reports and categorized into “overestimates,” “comparable estimates”, and “underestimates” of SMC. We conducted linear and logistic regressions to examine the interaction of sex with self- and informant-reported SMC and discrepancy group on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) Immediate and Delayed Recall and on PET measures of amyloid-β (Aβ) positivity. Diagnosis-stratified analyses were also conducted. Overall, there were sex by self- and informant-reported SMC interactions for Immediate and Delayed Recall. Despite a higher proportion of “overestimates” in women, greater self- and informant-reported SMC showed a stronger relationship to poorer RAVLT scores in women versus men. Diagnosis-stratified analyses revealed that results were driven by aMCI participants. Conversely, overall, greater self- and informant-reported SMC related to greater odds of Aβ positivity regardless of sex. In diagnosis-stratified analyses, only informant-reported SMC related to Aβ positivity in aMCI. Relative to “comparable estimates,” “underestimates” of SMC were associated with poorer RAVLT scores across sexes in the overall sample and in aMCI. The predictive utility of self-report SMC may be limited to women in aMCI. Sex differences should be considered when evaluating SMC.
Serum Non-Ceruloplasmin Non-Albumin Copper Elevation in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia due to Alzheimer’s Disease: A Case Control Study
Authors: Rozzini Luca , Lanfranchi Francesco , Pilotto Andrea , Catalani Simona , Gilberti Maria Enrica , Paganelli Matteo , Apostoli Pietro , Padovani Alessandro
Published: January 2018

Several studies showed high serum copper levels in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The present study applied a newly developed method to detect serum copper free from proteins (free-Cu). Forty-four patients affected by dementia due to AD, thirty-six patients affected by mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD, and twenty-eight healthy controls underwent clinical, cognitive, and MRI assessment. The new method showed higher free-Cu concentrations in MCI and dementia due to AD compared to controls ( p < 0.0001). No correlation between copper levels, cognitive or MRI measures were found.
Methodology for Tendering the Performances in Long Distance Rail Passenger Transport
Authors: Gasparik Jozef , Mesko Pavol , Zahumenska Zdenka
Published: January 2018

A fundamental step in the liberalisation of the rail market has been the separation of the railway infrastructure from the railway operating. The partial liberalisation of the rail market in the European Union (EU) was already underway in 2010. Opening up the market to new private railway operators means that operators can compete for the performance of selected lines. The opening up process of domestic rail passenger transport markets according to the fourth railway package has a variety of levels in Member States. This process is requested to be performed not later than 2019, while making public tenders for transport service contracts compulsory in the public interest. The paper is focused on tender implementation steps for long-distance rail passenger transport and shows the legislation requirements for the tendering process. There is a need to analyse the technical and other obstacles and threats to the operation of long-distance rail services entering competition. The idea is to meet the objectives of the EU White Paper on transport and The Regulation (EC) No 1370/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on public passenger transport services by rail and by road and repealing Council Regulations (EEC) No. 1191/69 and 1107/70.
Decision making in breast cancer risk reduction
Authors: Pullen Lara C.
Published: January 2018

Key Points

The DMP‐1 study examined women in the United States who were counseled regarding the use of SERMs as part of their regular care.

Patient perceptions regarding drug‐based therapy played an important role in the choice of therapy.

The findings suggest that HCPs should not only present medical information, but also communicate with patients regarding their beliefs and experiences.
On Farm Evaluation of a Novel Mechanical Cervical Dislocation Device for Poultry
Authors: Martin Jessica , Sandilands Victoria , Sparrey Julian , Baker Laurence , McKeegan Dorothy
Published: January 2018

Urgent development of alternative on-farm killing methods for poultry is required following the number restrictions placed on the use of traditional manual cervical dislocation by European Legislation (EU 1099/2009). Alternatives must be proven to be humane and, crucially, practical in commercial settings with multiple users. We assessed the performance and reliability of a novel mechanical cervical dislocation device (NMCD) compared to the traditional manual cervical dislocation (MCD) method. NMCD was based on a novel device consisting of a thin supportive glove and two moveable metal finger inserts designed to aid the twisting motion of cervical dislocation. We employed a 2 × 2 factorial design, with a total of eight stockworkers from broiler and layer units (four per farm) each killing 70 birds per method. A successful kill performance was defined as immediate absence of rhythmic breathing and nictitating membrane reflex; a detectable gap in the vertebrae and only one kill attempt (i.e., one stretch and twist motion). The mean stockworker kill performance was significantly higher for MCD (98.4 ± 0.5%) compared to NMCD (81.6 ± 1.8%). However, the MCD technique normally used by the stockworkers (based previous in-house training received) affected the performance of NMCD and was confounded by unit type (broilers), with the majority of broiler stockworkers trained in a non-standard technique, making adaption to the NMCD more difficult. The consistency of trauma induced by the killing methods (based on several post-mortem parameters) was higher with NMCD demonstrated by “gold standard” trauma achieved in 30.2% of birds, compared to 11.4% for MCD (e.g., dislocation higher up the cervical region of the spine i.e., between vertebrae C0–C1, ≥1 carotid arteries severed), suggesting it has the potential to improve welfare at killing. However, the results also suggest that the NMCD method requires further refinement and training optimization in order for it to be acceptable as an alternative across poultry industry, irrespective of previous MCD technique and training.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Antibodies in 2017
Authors:   Antibodies Editorial Office
Published: January 2018

Peer review is an essential part in the publication process, ensuring that Antibodies maintains high quality standards for its published papers.[...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Antioxidants in 2017
Authors:   Antioxidants Editorial Office
Published: January 2018

Peer review is an essential part in the publication process, ensuring that Antioxidants maintains high quality standards for its published papers.[...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Brain Sciences in 2017
Authors:   Brain Sciences Editorial Office
Published: January 2018

Peer review is an essential part in the publication process, ensuring that Brain Sciences maintains high quality standards for its published papers.[...]
Effect of shRNA Mediated Silencing of YB-1 Protein on the Expression of Matrix Collagenases in Malignant Melanoma Cell In Vitro
Authors: Ibrahim Wisam , Doolaanea Abd , Bin Abdull Rasad Mohammad
Published: January 2018

Background and Objective: YB-1 is a transcription and oncogenic factor capable of binding to DNA and RNA performing versatile functions within normal and cancer cells. Some studies reported the binding of YB-1 with a collagenases gene promoter and influencing their expression. In addition, the role of YB-1 in malignant melanoma was not elucidated. Thus, in this study, the aim was to knock down the expression of YB-1 in A375 malignant melanoma cancer cell using the shRNA approach and study its effect on cancer cell proliferation, migration, and expression of collagenases. Methods: A375 malignant melanoma cell lines were grown in standard conditions and were transfected with three plasmids containing a retroviral pGFP-V-RS vector, two of them containing targeting sequences for YB-1 mRNA. The third plasmid contained a scrambled mRNA sequence as a negative control. Expression of YB-1 was validated using immune-fluorescence staining, RT-PCR and western blotting. The cancer cell proliferation was determined using MTT assay, serial trypan blue cell counting and cell cycle flow-cytometry analysis. Expression of collagenases (MMP1, MMP8, and MMP13) was evaluated using RT-PCR and western blotting analysis. In addition, a wound-healing assay was used to assess cell migration potential. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA test with Bonferroni post hoc analysis to compare the quantitative results among samples. Results: The established silenced cell strains (P1 and P2) had nearly 70% knockdown in the expression of YB-1. These YB-1 silenced strains had a significant cell cycle-specific reduction in cell proliferation (p < 0.05 in serial cell counting and cell cycle flow cytometry analysis, p < 0.001 in MTT assay). In addition, YB-1 silenced strains had a remarkable reduction in cell migration potential. Expression of MMP13 was significantly reduced in YB-1 silenced strains. Conclusion: YB-1 oncoprotein is a promising target in the treatment of malignant melanoma. Silencing of this protein is associated with significant anti-proliferative, anti-invasive and MMP13 insulating properties in A375 malignant melanoma cancer cell lines.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Challenges in 2017
Authors:   Challenges Editorial Office
Published: January 2018

Peer review is an essential part in the publication process, ensuring that Challenges maintains high quality standards for its published papers.[...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Crystals in 2017
Authors:   Crystals Editorial Office
Published: January 2018

Peer review is an essential part in the publication process, ensuring that Crystals maintains high quality standards for its published papers.[...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Econometrics in 2017
Authors:   Econometrics Editorial Office
Published: January 2018

Peer review is an essential part in the publication process, ensuring that Econometrics maintains high quality standards for its published papers. In 2017, a total of 47 papers were published in the journal.[...]
Study of Power Flow in an IPT System Based on Poynting Vector Analysis
Authors: Liu Yuan , Hu Aiguo
Published: January 2018

This paper analyzes the power distribution and flow of an inductive power transfer (IPT) system with two coupled coils by using the Poynting vector. The system is modelled with a current source flowing through the primary coil, and a uniformly loaded secondary first, then the Poynting vector at an arbitrary point is analyzed by calculating the magnetic and electric fields between and around of the two coils. Both analytical analysis and numerical analysis have been undertaken to show the power distribution, and it has found that power distributes as a donut shape in three-dimensional (3D) space and concentrates along the edges in the proposed two-coil setup, instead of locating coaxially along the center path. Furthermore, power flow across the mid-plane between the two coils is analyzed analytically by the surface integral of the Poynting vector, which is compared with the input power from the primary and the output power to the secondary coil via coupled circuit theory. It has shown that for a lossless IPT system, the power transferred across the mid-plane is equal to the input and output power, which validates the Poynting vector approach. The proposed Poynting vector method provides an effective way to analyze the power distribution in the medium between two coupled coils, which cannot be achieved by traditional lumped circuit theories.
Exploring Vehicle Level Benefits of Revolutionary Technology Progress via Aircraft Design and Optimization
Authors: Liu Yaolong , Elham Ali , Horst Peter , Hepperle Martin
Published: January 2018

It is always a strong motivation for aeronautic researchers and engineers to reduce the aircraft emissions or even to achieve emission-free air transport. In this paper, the impacts of different game-changing technologies together on the reduction of aircraft fuel consumption and emissions are studied. In particular, a general tool has been developed for the technology assessment, integration and also for the overall aircraft multidisciplinary design optimization. The validity and robustness of the tool has been verified through comparative and sensitivity studies. The overall aircraft level technology assessment and optimization showed that promising fuel efficiency improvements are possible. Though, additional strategies are required to reach the aviation emission reduction goals for short and medium range configurations.
Environmental Impact of Small Hydro Power Plant—A Case Study
Authors: Zeleňáková Martina , Fijko Rastislav , Diaconu Daniel , Remeňáková Iveta
Published: January 2018

Currently an international topic—not only among the members of the European Union—is the use of renewable energy, such as hydro power. The subject of this paper is the environmental impact assessment of the small hydropower (SHP) plant. The paper identifies the environmental impacts of an SHP plant in Spišské Bystré, Slovakia. It also assesses the alternatives to a specific hydraulic structure by quantitative evaluation from the point of view of character of the impacts, their significance, and their duration. The conclusion of the work includes the selection of the optimal alternative of the assessed construction and proposes measurements to reduce the negative impacts. The benefit of this paper is in highlighting the importance of assessing the impact of construction on the environment in the planning phase. Eliminating the negative impacts of the construction on the environment is much more challenging than the implementation of preventive measures, and it is therefore necessary to assess at the planning phase how the construction and operation of the proposed activities impact the environment.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Forests in 2017
Authors:   Forests Editorial Office
Published: January 2018

Peer review is an essential part in the publication process, ensuring that Forests maintains high quality standards for its published papers. In 2017, a total of 493 papers were published in the journal.[...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Fermentation in 2017
Authors:   Fermentation Editorial Office
Published: January 2018

Peer review is an essential part in the publication process, ensuring that Fermentation maintains high quality standards for its published papers[...]
Evaluating the Impact of a Clinician Improvement Program for Treating Patients with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: The Challenging Case of Mississippi
Authors: Bartkowski John , Kohler Janelle , Escude Craig , Xu Xiaohe , Bartkowski Stephen
Published: January 2018

In recent years, people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have moved from institutionalized settings to local community residences. While deinstitutionalization has yielded quality of life improvements for people with IDD, this transition presents significant health-related challenges. Community clinicians have typically not been trained to provide sound medical care to people with IDD, a subpopulation that exhibits unique medical needs and significant health disparities. This study reports the results of a comprehensive evaluation of an IDD-focused clinician improvement program implemented throughout Mississippi. DETECT (Developmental Evaluation, Training and Consultative Team) was formed to equip Mississippi’s physicians and nurses to offer competent medical care to people with IDD living in community residences. Given the state’s pronounced health disparities and its clinician shortage, Mississippi offers a stringent test of program effectiveness. Results of objective survey indicators and subjective rating barometers administered before and after clinician educational seminars reveal robust statistically significant differences in clinician knowledge and self-assessed competence related to treating people with IDD. These results withstand controls for various confounding factors. Positive post-only results were also evident in a related program designed specifically for medical students. The study concludes by specifying a number of implications, including potential avenues for the wider dissemination of this program and promising directions for future research.
A Reconfigurable Gripper for Dexterous Manipulation in Flexible Assembly
Authors: Spiliotopoulos Jason , Michalos George , Makris Sotiris
Published: January 2018

In this paper, a high-speed multi-fingered reconfigurable gripper is presented. The aim is to create a robotic end effector that is capable of handling parts of different geometries and weight. It consists of three fingers, accounting for a total of eight Degrees of Freedom (DoFs). The paper discusses the design, control, and reconfiguration aspects of the gripper, and demonstrates its applicability to different manipulation tasks. The gripper has the ability of high-force movement and its high number of DoFs enables it to grasp a large variety of geometries, while retaining the design simplicity. The preliminary grasping experiments highlight its potential in robotic handling applications in both research and production environments.
Secure Image Transmission Using Fractal and 2D-Chaotic Map
Authors: Agarwal Shafali
Published: January 2018

A chaos-based cryptosystem has been suggested and investigated since last decade because of its sensitivity to the initial condition, unpredictability and ergodicity properties. The paper introduces a new chaotic map which helps to enhance the security of image transmission by blending the superior fractal function with a new 2D-Sine Tent composite map (2D-STCM) to generate a key stream. A trajectory map of a proposed 2D-STCM show a wider chaotic range implies better unpredictability and ergodicity feature, suitable to design a cryptosystem. A fractal based image encryption increases the key space of the security key up-to hundreds of bits, thus secure the proposed cryptosystem from brute-force attack. The requirement of confusion and diffusion are fulfilled by applying chaotic circular pixel shuffling (CCPS) to change the pixel position repeatedly and the execution of an improved XOR operation i.e., complex XOR, designed to increase the encryption quality. The proposed cryptosystem has been analyzed using statistical analysis, key sensitivity, differential analysis and key space analysis. The experimental result proves that the new scheme has a high security level to protect the image transmission over the network.
Compatibility between Co-Metallized PbTe Thermoelectric Legs and an Ag–Cu–In Brazing Alloy
Authors: Ben-Ayoun Dana , Sadia Yatir , Gelbstein Yaniv
Published: January 2018

In thermoelectric (TE) generators, maximizing the efficiency of conversion of direct heat to electricity requires the reduction of any thermal and electrical contact resistances between the TE legs and the metallic contacts. This requirement is especially challenging in the development of intermediate to high-temperature TE generators. PbTe-based TE materials are known to be highly efficient up to temperatures of around 500 °C; however, only a few practical TE generators based on these materials are currently commercially available. One reason for that is the insufficient bonding techniques between the TE legs and the hot-side metallic contacts. The current research is focused on the interaction between cobalt-metallized n-type 9.104 × 10−3 mol % PbI2-doped PbTe TE legs and the Ag0.32Cu0.43In0.25 brazing alloy, which is free of volatile species. Clear and fine interfaces without any noticeable formation of adverse brittle intermetallic compounds were observed following prolonged thermal treatment testing. Moreover, a reasonable electrical contact resistance of ~2.25 mΩmm2 was observed upon brazing at 600 °C, highlighting the potential of such contacts while developing practical PbTe-based TE generators.
Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Inflammatory Markers
Authors: Sureda Antoni , Bibiloni Maria , Julibert Alicia , Bouzas Cristina , Argelich Emma , Llompart Isabel , Pons Antoni , Tur Josep
Published: January 2018

The aim was to assess inflammatory markers among adults and adolescents in relation to the adherence to the Mediterranean diet. A random sample (219 males and 379 females) of the Balearic Islands population (12–65 years) was anthropometrically measured and provided a blood sample to determine biomarkers of inflammation. Dietary habits were assessed and the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern calculated. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased with age in both sexes. The adherence to the Mediterranean diet in adolescent males was 51.3% and 45.7% in adults, whereas in females 53.1% and 44.3%, respectively. In males, higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with higher levels of adiponectin and lower levels of leptin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in adults, but not in young subjects. In females, higher adherence was associated with lower levels of leptin in the young group, PAI-1 in adults and hs-CRP in both groups. With increasing age in both sexes, metabolic syndrome increases, but the adherence to the Mediterranean diet decreases. Low adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) is directly associated with a worse profile of plasmatic inflammation markers.
Benefits of Fish Oil Consumption over Other Sources of Lipids on Metabolic Parameters in Obese Rats
Authors: Gondim Paula , Rosa Priscila , Okamura Daniel , Silva Viviam , Andrade Eric , Biihrer Daniel , Pereira Luciano
Published: January 2018

This study evaluated the effect of the consumption of different levels and sources of lipids on metabolic parameters of Wistar rats. Animals were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) containing 20% of lard for 12 weeks to cause metabolic obesity. Subsequently, the animals were divided into six groups and were fed diets with lipid concentrations of 5% or 20% of lard (LD), soybean oil (SO) or fish oil (FO), for 4 weeks. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (two-way) followed by Tukey post hoc test (p < 0.05). The groups that consumed FO showed less weight gain and lower serum levels of triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol and fractions, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, atherogenic index, less amount of fat in the carcass, decreased Lee index and lower total leukocyte counting (p < 0.05). These same parameters were higher in LD treatment (p < 0.05). In the concentration of 20%, carcass fat content, blood glucose levels, as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) decreased in FO groups (p < 0.05). The SO group had intermediate results regarding the other two treatments (FO and LD). We concluded that fish oil intake was able to modulate positively the metabolic changes resulting from HFD.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Resources in 2017
Authors:   Resources Editorial Office
Published: January 2018

Peer review is an essential part in the publication process, ensuring that Resources maintains high quality standards for its published papers[...]
A Newsvendor Non-Cooperative Game for Efficient Allocation of Carbon Emissions
Authors: An Jaehyung , Lee Jinho
Published: January 2018

We analytically investigate the impacts of several efficient carbon emissions allocation schemes in a cap-and-trade carbon trading system. Subject to each firm’s allowances restriction, a policy maker accumulates all remaining and exceeding carbon emission allowances over the industry at the end of the accounting year. We develop three new allocation schemes for allocating these total carbon emissions to each firm: Separate Payment (SP), Deterministic Equal Splitting (DES) and Allocation proportion to unit Carbon Emission (ACE). Using a Stackelberg framework based on a newsvendor non-cooperative game, we show that our suggested allocation schemes reduce total carbon emissions by aligning the firms with a single and common objective of “reducing total emissions”, not merely “meeting individual’s allowances”. We characterize the conditions under which SP and DES can equally generate fewer total carbon emissions than ACE. Moreover, we identify the condition in which DES can dominate SP in terms of a firm’s profit while DES and SP generate the same total carbon emissions. Our numerical studies further demonstrate that DES outperforms SP in terms of a firm’s financial performance depending on the gap between the firms’ unit emission rates. This study provides a useful guideline to enhance the firms’ profit while reducing total carbon emissions in the industry.
Shifting the Framework of Canadian Water Governance through Indigenous Research Methods: Acknowledging the Past with an Eye on the Future
Authors: Arsenault Rachel , Diver Sibyl , McGregor Deborah , Witham Aaron , Bourassa Carrie
Published: January 2018

First Nations communities in Canada are disproportionately affected by poor water quality. As one example, many communities have been living under boil water advisories for decades, but government interventions to date have had limited impact. This paper examines the importance of using Indigenous research methodologies to address current water issues affecting First Nations. The work is part of larger project applying decolonizing methodologies to Indigenous water governance. Because Indigenous epistemologies are a central component of Indigenous research methods, our analysis begins with presenting a theoretical framework for understanding Indigenous water relations. We then consider three cases of innovative Indigenous research initiatives that demonstrate how water research and policy initiatives can adopt a more Indigenous-centered approach in practice. Cases include (1) an Indigenous Community-Based Health Research Lab that follows a two-eyed seeing philosophy (Saskatchewan); (2) water policy research that uses collective knowledge sharing frameworks to facilitate respectful, non-extractive conversations among Elders and traditional knowledge holders (Ontario); and (3) a long-term community-based research initiative on decolonizing water that is practicing reciprocal learning methodologies (British Columbia, Alberta). By establishing new water governance frameworks informed by Indigenous research methods, the authors hope to promote innovative, adaptable solutions, rooted in Indigenous epistemologies.
Spatial and Seasonal Patterns of Nutrients and Heavy Metals in Twenty-Seven Rivers Draining into the South China Sea
Authors: Deng Amei , Ye Changdong , Liu Wenzhi
Published: January 2018

Due to the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization in recent decades, the majority of coastal rivers and estuaries in China have been moderately or severely contaminated by a variety of pollutants. We investigated the spatial and seasonal variations of water nutrients (permanganate index, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonium, nitrate, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus) and heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn, Se, As, Cd, Cr, Fe, and Mn) in 27 subtropical rivers draining into the South China Sea. Our results indicated that the average concentrations of all water quality parameters except ammonium, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus satisfied the requirements for grade III of the surface water quality standard of China. The concentrations of both nutrients and heavy metals showed a strong spatial variation. Cluster analysis classified the 27 rivers into three spatial clusters corresponding to low, moderate, and high pollution levels. In terms of seasonal variation, the values of chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand in wet seasons were significantly lower than those in dry seasons. Multivariate statistical analyses demonstrated that river nutrients might mainly originate from domestic, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters, while heavy metals likely came from industrial activities and natural weathering processes. The findings of this study suggest that for reducing the pollution of subtropical rivers draining into the South China Sea, further efforts should be made to control nitrogen and phosphorus export from catchments.
Frailty assessment in primary health care and its association with unplanned secondary care use: a rapid review
Authors: Davies Ben R , Baxter Helen , Rooney James , Simons Phillip , Sephton Ann , Purdy Sarah , Huntley Alyson L
Published: January 2018

Background

The growing frail, older population is increasing pressure on hospital services. This is directing the attention of clinical commissioning groups towards more comprehensive approaches to managing frailty in the primary healthcare environment.

Aim

To review the literature on whether assessment of frailty in primary health care leads to a reduction in unplanned secondary care use.

Design & setting

A rapid review involving a systematic search of Medline and Medline In-Process.

Method

Relevant data were extracted following the iterative screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts to identify studies in the primary or community healthcare setting which assessed the effect of frailty on unplanned secondary care use between January 2005–June 2016.

Results

The review included 11 primary studies: nine observational studies; one randomised controlled trial (RCT); and one non-randomised controlled trial (nRCT). Eight out of nine observational studies reported a positive association between frailty and secondary care utilisation. The RCT and nRCT reported conflicting findings.

Conclusion

Older people identified as frail in a primary healthcare setting were more likely to be admitted to hospital. Based on the limited and equivocal trial evidence, it is not possible to draw firm conclusions regarding appropriate tools for the identification and management of frail older people at risk of hospital admission.
Evaluation of Intra- and Inter-observer Measurement Variability of a Radiographic Stifle Osteoarthritis Scoring System in Dogs
Authors: Wessely Marlis , Brühschwein Andreas , Schnabl-Feichter Eva
Published: January 2018

Objectives To evaluate the intra- and inter-observer measurement variability of an existing osteoarthritis (OA) stifle scoring system.

Methods Paired caudocranial and mediolateral canine stifle radiographs were selected randomly. A total of 15 assessment points were evaluated independently andgradedtwice (integer numericscale:1–4) at an interval of 2 weeks by three observers with different levels of experience. The grades for each of the 15 factors were summed to obtain the OA score for each patient.

Results The 15 independent assessment points measured by the three observers showed high reproducibility and low intra-observer variability. Inter-observer variability was also low (mean: 1.09 4.99, 95% CI [confidence interval]: –0.35 to 2.55). The most discordant ratings among the three observers involved sesamoid bones of gastrocnemius muscle (assessment point 11 of 15) and popliteal surface of femur (assessment point 10 of 15).

Clinical Significance A validated and feasible OA scoring method is prerequisite for reliable radiographic assessment of OA progression. The low overall inter- and intra-observer variabilities among the 15 independent measures of the OA scoring system presented herein support its feasibility for application in clinical practice as an objective tool for radiographic scoring of stifle OA.
Effect of Facetectomy on the Three-Dimensional Biomechanical Properties of the Fourth Canine Cervical Functional Spinal Unit: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Bösch Nadja , Hofstetter Martin , Bürki Alexander , Vidondo Beatriz , Davies Fenella , Forterre Franck
Published: January 2018

Objective To study the biomechanical effect of facetectomy in 10 large breed dogs (>24 kg body weight) on the fourth canine cervical functional spinal unit.

Methods Canine cervical spines were freed from all muscles. Spines were mounted on a six-degrees-of-freedom spine testing machine for three-dimensional motion analysis. Data were recorded with an optoelectronic motion analysis system. The range of motion wasdetermined inall threeprimary motionsaswellasrange of motion of coupled motions on the intact specimen, after unilateral and after bilateral facetectomy. Repeated-measures analysis of variance models were used to assess the changes of the biomechanical properties in the three treatment groups considered.

Results Facetectomy increased range of motion of primary motions in all directions. Axial rotation was significantly influenced by facetectomy. Coupled motion was not influenced by facetectomy except for lateral bending with coupled motion axial rotation. The coupling factor (coupled motion/primary motion) decreased after facetectomy. Symmetry of motion was influenced by facetectomy in flexion–extension and axial rotation, but not in lateral bending.

Clinical Significance Facet joints play a significant role in the stability of the cervical spine and act to maintain spatial integrity. Therefore, cervical spinal treatments requiring a facetectomy should be carefully planned and if an excessive increase in range of motion is expected, complications should be anticipated and reduced via spinal stabilization.
Dohi's Reticulated Acropigmentation: a Case Report
Authors: Machado Adriana Kamilly Leitão Pitman , Sousa Danielle Oliveira , Oliveira Miguel Saraty de , Nunes Débora Bacellar Cruz , Goiabeira Michelle Fonseca , Casagrande Beattriz Vaz Pereira , Loureiro Walter Refkalefsky , Silveira Samira Oliveira , Mainardi Carolina Ribeiro , Carneiro Francisca Regina Oliveira
Published: January 2018

Background: Dohi's Reticulated Acropigmentation is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis with high penetrance, characterized by small, irregular, hypo and hyperpigmented macules on the dorsal surface of the distal extremities.

Case: The authors report a case of Dohi’s Reticulated Acropigmentation in a 61 years old female patient. The patient complained of spots on hands, feet and posteriorly face involvement since she was 7 years old.

Conclusion: Dohi's Reticulated Acropigmentation is a rare clinical condition, which usually appear in childhood and commonly interrupt their onset before adolescence. The diagnosis is based on clinical data, physical examination and histopathological findings. The treatment is unsatisfactory and still no therapy is proposed.
Facial Vein Variation: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Ferreira Arquez Humberto
Published: January 2018

Background: The veins of the head and neck have a complex developmental pattern which predisposes them to variations in formation and drainage. Superficial veins of the head and neck are utilized for central venous cannulation, oral reconstruction and parenteral nutrition in debilitated patients. Clinical and sonological examinations of these veins may provide clues toward underlying cardiac pathology.

Aims: The aim of the present study was to describe anatomical variation and determined the position of the facial vein in relation to neighboring structures.

Methods and Findings: Head and neck region were carefully dissected as per standard dissection procedure, studied serially during the years 2013-2017 in 16 males and 2 females, i.e. 36 sides, embalmed adults cadavers with different age group, in the laboratory of Morphology of the University of Pamplona. In 34 sides (94.5 %) of the cases the facial vein (FV) terminated into the internal jugular vein via the common facial vein (CFV) as per standard anatomic description. The facial vein on two sides (5.5 %) was found to drain into the external jugular vein with different degree of angulations and variable distance from the angle of the mandible. On the right side, the facial vein was draining into external jugular vein (EJV), 63.6 mm below the angle of the mandible. On the left side, the facial vein was draining into EJV, 42.4 mm below the angle of the mandible. The length of the neck was 137.8 mm.  The mean distance of the superior and inferior labial veins, deep facial vein, and angular vein from the inferior orbital margin was 41.89 ± 3.01, 52.31 ± 3.72, 26.85 ± 3.55 and 6.25 ± 0.65 mm, respectively.

Conclusion: A sound knowledge on variation of the course and termination of facial vein is very useful for oral and maxillofacial surgeons, plastic surgeons, otorrhinologists and radiologists, is essentially important in the clinical examination and surgical procedures of the head and neck region.
Unusual Combination Of Vascular Variations In The Retroperitoneal Region. A Morphological Study
Authors: Ferreira Arquez Humberto
Published: January 2018

Background: Blood supply of kidney and gonads is characterized by the presence of variations, which are usually silent and unnoticed until they are found by retroperitoneal surgery, radiologic examination or necropsy. Multiple renal vessels are no longer relative contraindication for laparoscopic donor nephrectomy, however of their presence may help avoid possible complication on a patient with these variations. The purpose of this morphological study was to analyze the frequency of supernumerary renal and testicular vessels and describe an unusual combination of vascular variations in the retroperitoneal region.

Methods and Findings: A total of 18 cadavers with different age group and 10 visceral blocks were used for the study in the Morphology Laboratory of the University of Pamplona. Multiple anatomical variations bilateral of testicular vessels and renal were found during routine dissection in a 65-year-old male cadaver. The variations found were: bilateral presence of three renal arteries and three renal veins. The three left renal arteries are divided and gave rise to seven branches: the left main renal artery originates two branches; the upper branch originates four branches and the lower branch originates one branch. Retro-aortic left renal vein. Three left testicular artery and double right testicular artery all originating from accessory renal arteries.

Conclusions:  Awareness of renal and testicular vessels anomalies is essential for decreasing the rate of accidental injuries in surgical procedures in the retroperitoneal region as well as aid in diagnosis of diseases associated with vascular variation in the posterior abdomen. An understanding of the morphology of renal and testicular vessels is necessary in uroradiology, Doppler imaging and computed tomography studies.
Impact of European Integration on Competitiveness of Czech Regions
Authors: Litva Dušan
Published: January 2018

Economic integration supports removal of all obstacles (in economy, trade, tax, administration or industrial area) and establishment of common rules for market competition. Basic benefit of economic integration is thus occurrence of real or potential competitiveness effects. European integration can influence competitiveness of firm, regions or countries. There are existing agglomeration forces causing space and economic concentration and disperse forces working just opposite way. Both effects are influenced by access to a single market and removal of trade barriers. As a consequence, agglomeration effects are expected to dominate. European Commission established RCI (Regional Competitiveness Index) to enable comparison of competitiveness of European regions. Aim of this study is exploration of changes in competitiveness of Czech regions after accession to the European Union as there are no studies analysing regional competitiveness in Czech Republic as a consequence of European integration process via index based approach. Analysis of z statistics of primarily data published by European Commission is used to evaluate theoretical concept of disperse and agglomeration forces. Based on RCI analysis are obvious growing discrepancies with dominant position of Prague and Central Bohemia in comparison with other Czech Regions. Significant differences can be seen in areas of innovations, business sophistication and education. On the opposite, positively can be evaluated lower variability of competitiveness between Czech regions in indicators of infrastructure, institutions and technological readiness. Those indicators could be influenced by European cohesive and regional politics. Decisions on governmental level should follow Europe 2020 strategy and transformation to knowledge based economy.
A Comparative Study of WASP-67 b and HAT-P-38 b from WFC3 Data
Authors: Bruno Giovanni , Lewis Nikole K. , Stevenson Kevin B. , Filippazzo Joseph , Hill Matthew , Fraine Jonathan D. , Wakeford Hannah R. , Deming Drake , Kilpatrick Brian , Line Michael R. , Morley Caroline V. , Collins Karen A. , Conti Dennis M. , Garlitz Joseph , Rodriguez Joseph E.
Published: January 2018

Atmospheric temperature and planetary gravity are thought to be the main parameters affecting cloud formation in giant exoplanet atmospheres. Recent attempts to understand cloud formation have explored wide regions of the equilibrium temperature-gravity parameter space. In this study, we instead compare the case of two giant planets with nearly identical equilibrium temperature (T
eq ∼ 1050 K) and gravity (g ∼ 10 m s−1). During HST Cycle 23, we collected WFC3/G141 observations of the two planets, WASP-67 b and HAT-P-38 b. HAT-P-38 b, with mass 0.42 M
J and radius 1.4 R
J, exhibits a relatively clear atmosphere with a clear detection of water. We refine the orbital period of this planet with new observations, obtaining P = 4.6403294 ± 0.0000055 days. WASP-67 b, with mass 0.27 M
J and radius 0.83 R
J, shows a more muted water absorption feature than that of HAT-P-38 b, indicating either a higher cloud deck in the atmosphere or a more metal-rich composition. The difference in the spectra supports the hypothesis that giant exoplanet atmospheres carry traces of their formation history. Future observations in the visible and mid-infrared are needed to probe the aerosol properties and constrain the evolutionary scenario of these planets.