bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Size-Dependent Shear Banding Behavior in High-Entropy Alloy-Based Nanolayered Glass
Authors: Dai Kaiqing , Zhang Chun , Lu Wenjun , Li Jianjun
Published: March 2024

Extensive research has shown that nanolayered structures are capable of suppressing the shear banding in metallic glass in nanoindentation experiments. However, the specific mode and mechanism of the shear banding underneath the indenter remains unknown. Also, the quantification of shear banding-induced strain localization is still a challenge. Herein, the size-dependent shear banding behavior of a CuTiZrNb high-entropy alloy-based nanolayered glass with individual layer thicknesses (h) ranging from 5 to 80 nm was systematically investigated by nanoindentation tests. It was found that the hardness of the designed structure was almost size-independent. Yet, a clear transition in the deformation modes from the cutting-like shear bands to the kinking-like ones was discovered as h decreased to 10 nm. Moreover, multiple secondary shear bands also appeared, in addition to the primary ones, in the sample with h = 10 nm. The transition leads to an obvious strain delocalization, as clearly illustrated by the proposed theoretical model, which is based on the assumption of a pure shear stress state to quantify the shear banding-induced strain localization. The strain delocalization results from the higher density of amorphous/amorphous interfaces that exhibit the change in morphology with a refined layered glass structure.
A Palladium Catalyst Supported on Boron-Doped Porous Carbon for Efficient Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid
Authors: Liu Hui , Huang Mengyuan , Tao Wenling , Han Liangliang , Zhang Jinqiang , Zhao Qingshan
Published: March 2024

Formic acid has emerged as a highly promising hydrogen storage material, and the development of efficient catalysts to facilitate its dehydrogenation remains imperative. In this study, a novel catalyst consisting of palladium nanoparticles supported on boron-doped porous carbon (Pd/BPC) was successfully synthesized to enable efficient hydrogen production through the dehydrogenation of formic acid. The impacts of the boron doping ratio, doping temperature, and palladium reduction temperature on the catalyst’s performance were systemically investigated. The results demonstrated the Pd/BPC catalyst synthesized with a carbon-to-boron ratio of 1:5 by calcination at 900 °C and subsequent reduction at 60 °C exhibited superior formic acid dehydrogenation performance, being 2.9 and 3.8 times greater than that of the Pd/PC catalysts without boron doping and commercial Pd/C, respectively. Additionally, the catalyst showed excellent cycle stability with no significant activity reduction after five consecutive cycles. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that boron doping not only facilitates the homogenous distribution of Pd nanoparticles but also induces a stronger support–metal interaction, thereby reinforcing the catalytic performance. This research is expected to provide valuable insights into the economically viable and efficient production of environmentally friendly hydrogen energy.
Metagenomic Detection and Genetic Characterization of Human Sapoviruses among Children with Acute Flaccid Paralysis in Nigeria
Authors: George Uwem Etop , Faleye Temitope O. C. , De Coninck Lander , Agbaje Sheriff Tunde , Ifeorah Ijeoma Maryjoy , Onoja Bernard Anyebe , Oni Elijah Igbekele , Olayinka Adebowale Oluseyi , Ajileye Toluwani Goodnews , Oragwa Arthur Obinna , Akinleye Toluwanimi Emmanuel , Popoola Bolutife Olubukola , Osasona Oluwadamilola Gideon , Olayinka Olaitan Titilola , George Oluwadamilola Adefunke , Muhammad Ahmed Iluoreh , Komolafe Isaac , Adeniji Adekunle Johnson , Matthijnssens Jelle , Adewumi Moses Olubusuyi
Published: March 2024

Using a metagenomic sequencing approach on stool samples from children with Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP), we describe the genetic diversity of Sapoviruses (SaVs) in children in Nigeria. We identified six complete genome sequences and two partial genome sequences. Several SaV genogroups and genotypes were detected, including GII (GII.4 and GII.8), GIV (GIV.1), and GI (GI.2 and GI.7). To our knowledge, this is the first description of SaV infections and complete genomes from Nigeria. Pairwise identity and phylogenetic analysis showed that the Nigerian SaVs were related to previously documented gastroenteritis outbreaks with associated strains from China and Japan. Minor variations in the functional motifs of the nonstructural proteins NS3 and NS5 were seen in the Nigerian strains. To adequately understand the effect of such amino acid changes, a better understanding of the biological function of these proteins is vital. The identification of distinct SaVs reinforces the need for robust surveillance in acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and non-AGE cohorts to better understand SaVs genotype diversity, evolution, and its role in disease burden in Nigeria. Future studies in different populations are, therefore, recommended.
The Course of COVID-19 and Long COVID: Identifying Risk Factors among Patients Suffering from the Disease before and during the Omicron-Dominant Period
Authors: Babicki Mateusz , Kołat Damian , Kałuzińska-Kołat Żaneta , Kapusta Joanna , Mastalerz-Migas Agnieszka , Jankowski Piotr , Chudzik Michał
Published: March 2024

SARS-CoV-2 has acquired many mutations that influence the severity of COVID-19’s course or the risk of developing long COVID. In 2022, the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant was Omicron. This study aimed to compare the course of COVID-19 in the periods before and during the dominance of the Omicron variant. Risk factors for developing long COVID were also assessed. This study was based on stationary visits of patients after COVID-19 and follow-up assessments after 3 months. Clinical symptoms, comorbidities, and vaccination status were evaluated in 1967 patients. Of the analyzed group, 1308 patients (66.5%) were affected by COVID-19 in the period before the Omicron dominance. The prevalence of long COVID was significantly lower among patients of the Omicron group (47.7% vs. 66.9%, p < 0.001). The risk of long COVID was higher for women (OR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.31, 1.99]) and asthmatics (OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.07]). Conclusively, infection during the Omicron-dominant period was linked to a lower risk of developing long COVID. Females are at higher risk of developing long COVID independent of the pandemic period. Individuals affected by COVID-19 in the Omicron-dominant period experience a shorter duration of symptoms and reduced frequency of symptoms, except for coughing, which occurs more often.
Importance of Habitat Context in Modelling Risk Maps for Two Established Invasive Alien Plant Species: The Case of Ailanthus altissima and Phytolacca americana in Slovenia (Europe)
Authors: de Groot Maarten , Kozamernik Erika , Kermavnar Janez , Kolšek Marija , Marinšek Aleksander , Nève Repe Andreja , Kutnar Lado
Published: March 2024

Forests are important ecosystems that face threats from climate change and global environmental shifts, with invasive alien plant species being a significant concern. Some of these invasive species have already become established, while others are in the process of naturalisation. Although forests are a relatively stable ecosystem, extreme weather events increase their vulnerability to change, and clearings left after natural disturbances are particularly susceptible to invasion by alien plant species (IAPS). We created risk maps of two species that have spread rapidly in the last decade: American pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) and the tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima). We prepared a generalised linear model based on the occurrence data collected within the LIFE ARTEMIS project. Eleven environmental variables were used to determine habitat characteristics. We constructed two models for each species: one covering the entirety of Slovenia and the other specifically for the forested areas in Slovenia, with the latter incorporating forest-specific variables (such as forest sanitation felling and monocultures). We observed the presence of both species at lower altitudes and in close proximity to water sources. American pokeweed tends to occur nearer to railways, while the presence of the tree of heaven is associated with areas lacking carbonate parent material and influenced by land use patterns. In forested areas, the occurrence of American pokeweed is influenced by forest habitat characteristics, such as disturbances caused by extreme weather events or the prevalence of Norway spruce monocultures. In contrast, the occurrence of the tree of heaven is influenced by more general environmental variables, such as altitude and proximity to railways. Consequently, we have generated risk maps for the entirety of Slovenia and separately for forested areas, both of which indicate similar levels of risk, particularly for the tree of heaven. The risk map for American pokeweed highlights numerous vulnerable areas, especially forest edges, which are highly susceptible to invasion. Furthermore, there is a higher likelihood of this species occurring in areas that have undergone sanitation felling. This study suggests that the production of risk maps of IAPS could be improved by focussing on habitat types and taking into account habitat-specific variables. This approach could enhance the early detection and management of these invasive species.
Chemical Composition and Bioactivity of Dill Seed (Anethum graveolens L.) Essential Oil from Plants Grown under Shading
Authors: Milenković Lidija , Ilić Zoran S. , Stanojević Ljiljana , Danilović Bojana , Šunić Ljubomir , Kevrešan Žarko , Stanojević Jelena , Cvetković Dragan
Published: March 2024

This study determined the content and composition of dill seed (Anethum graveolens L.) essential oil under varying light conditions: non-shaded plants in open fields and plants covered with pearl shade nets (40% shade index). Essential oil was extracted using Clevenger hydrodistillation. The essential oil content was 4.63% for non-shaded plants and 4.81% for shaded plants. GC/MS analysis revealed twenty-one and twenty-two components in dill seed from non-shaded and shaded plants, respectively. The terpenic fraction of essential oil from non-shaded plants consisted mainly of oxygen-containing monoterpene derivatives (53.6%), with carvone (46.1%) as the primary component, followed by monoterpene hydrocarbons (46.4%), predominantly limonene (43.8%). Essential oil from shaded plants contained a higher content of carvone (49.8%) and a lower content of limonene (37.8%) compared to essential oil from non-shaded plants. Non-shaded plant essential oil exhibited stronger antioxidant activity (EC50 value: 26.04 mg mL−1) than shaded plant essential oil (54.23 mg mL−1). Dill seed essential oil showed the most potent antimicrobial activity (disc diffusion method) against Escherichia coli (inhibition zone: 15–18 mm). Shaded plants demonstrated a positive influence of essential oil against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Carvone and its derivatives, as the main components, hold significant potential in the food industry and alternative medicines. A practical implication of this study could be higher plant densities or intercropping of dill, as it thrives with minimal light.
Distribution Pattern of Suitable Areas and Corridor Identification of Endangered Ephedra Species in China
Authors: Zhang Huayong , Li Jiangpeng , Zou Hengchao , Wang Zhongyu , Zhu Xinyu , Zhang Yihe , Liu Zhao
Published: March 2024

The suitable habitat of endangered Ephedra species has been severely threatened and affected by climate change and anthropogenic activities; however, their migration trends and restoration strategies are still relatively understudied. In this study, we utilized the MaxEnt model to simulate the suitable habitats of five endangered Ephedra species in China under current and future climate scenarios. Additionally, we identified significant ecological corridors by incorporating the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model. Under the current climate scenario, the suitable area of Ephedra equisetina Bunge, Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex Mey, Ephedra sinica Stapf, and Ephedra monosperma Gmel ex Mey comprised 16% of the area in China, while Ephedra rhytidosperma Pachom comprised only 0.05%. The distribution patterns of these five Ephedra species were primarily influenced by altitude, salinity, temperature, and precipitation. Under future climate scenarios, the suitable areas of E. equisetina, E. intermedia, and E. sinica are projected to expand, while that of E. monosperma is expected to contract. Notably, E. rhytidosperma will lose its suitable area in the future. Our identified ecological corridors showed that the first-level corridors encompassed a wider geographical expanse, incorporating E. equisetina, E. intermedia, E. sinica, and E. monosperma, while that of E. rhytidosperma exhibited a shorter length and covered fewer geographical areas. Overall, our study provides novel insights into identifying priority protected areas and protection strategies targeting endangered Ephedra species.
Organic Materials Promote Rhododendron simsii Growth and Rhizosphere Soil Properties in a Lead–Zinc Mining Wasteland
Authors: Chen Yunchun , Li Wei , Cai Xinchen , Li Bo , Zhan Fangdong , Zu Yanqun , He Yongmei
Published: March 2024

The mining of metal minerals generates considerable mining wasteland areas, which are characterized by poor soil properties that hinder plant growth. In this study, a field plot experiment was carried out in the mining wasteland of the Lanping lead–zinc mine in Yunnan Province to study the effects of applying three organic materials—biochar (B), organic fertilizer (OF), and sludge (S)—at concentrations of 1% (mass fraction), on promoting the soil of mining wasteland and the growth of two plant varieties (Huolieniao and Yingshanhong). The results showed that the amount of available nutrients in the surface soil of a mining wasteland could be considerably increased by S and OF compared to the control check (CK). In the rhizosphere soils of two Rhododendron simsii varieties, the application of S increased the available phosphorus (P) content by 66.4% to 108.8% and the alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (N) content by 61.7% to 295.5%. However, the contents of available cadmium (Cd) and available lead (Pb) were reduced by 17.1% to 32.0% and 14.8% to 19.0%, respectively. Moreover, three organic materials increased the photosynthetic rate and biomass of two R. simsii varieties. Specifically, OF and S were found to significantly increase the biomass of R. simsii. Organic materials have direct impacts on the increased plant height and biomass of R. simsii. Additionally, organic materials indirectly contribute to the growth of R. simsii by reducing the content of available Cd and available Pb in rhizosphere soil while increasing the content of available nutrients according to the structural equation model (SEM). Overall, S can stabilize Cd and Pb, increase soil nutrient contents, and promote the growth of R. simsii effectively, and has great potential in the vegetation reconstruction of mining wasteland.
Effect of the General Anaesthetic Ketamine on Electrical and Ca2+ Signal Propagation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Pavlovič Andrej , Ševčíková Lucie , Hřivňacký Martin , Rác Marek
Published: March 2024

The systemic electrical signal propagation in plants (i.e., from leaf to leaf) is dependent on GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE proteins (GLRs). The GLR receptors are the homologous proteins to the animal ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) which are ligand-gated non-selective cation channels that mediate neurotransmission in the animal’s nervous system. In this study, we investigated the effect of the general anaesthetic ketamine, a well-known non-competitive channel blocker of human iGluRs, on systemic electrical signal propagation in Arabidopsis thaliana. We monitored the electrical signal propagation, intracellular calcium level [Ca2+]cyt and expression of jasmonate (JA)-responsive genes in response to heat wounding. Although ketamine affected the shape and the parameters of the electrical signals (amplitude and half-time, t1/2) mainly in systemic leaves, it was not able to block a systemic response. Increased [Ca2+]cyt and the expression of jasmonate-responsive genes were detected in local as well as in systemic leaves in response to heat wounding in ketamine-treated plants. This is in contrast with the effect of the volatile general anaesthetic diethyl ether which completely blocked the systemic response. This low potency of ketamine in plants is probably caused by the fact that the critical amino acid residues needed for ketamine binding in human iGluRs are not conserved in plants’ GLRs.
The Agencies of God’s Word and Spirit: Modern Science as a “Sacred Reminder”
Authors: Kaiser Christopher Barina
Published: March 2024

In this essay, I argue that modern science can function as a source of “sacred reminders” for aspects of Christian theology, like the doctrine of the Trinity, that are not normally engaged with in the empirical world. This approach is an alternative to the usual ways of relating scientific and theological endeavors in terms of conflict, separation, or consonance. I demonstrate this by beginning with the thoughts of two representative physicists (John Archibald Wheeler and Steven Hawking), particularly focusing on a fundamental distinction they make about the underlying ideal of the physical sciences. Noting a striking similarity of this distinction with some of the biblical imagery of God’s Word and Spirit, I review biblical texts along these lines to show partial continuity with the groundbreaking ideas of our physicists, and to show how they can be generalized to include (a) levels of organization beyond those of physics; (b) intensive, localized agencies of Word and Spirit as well as the more extensive agencies suggested their ideas; and (c) the commissioning agency of God the Father. A review of the theology of Irenaeus shows that these distinctions in biblical imagery were developed in the early Church and played an important role in early Trinitarian theology.
The Images of Jesus and the Virgin Mary in the Early Qing Collection of Taoist Immortal Stories
Authors: Yao Dadui
Published: March 2024

The book Lidai Shenxian Tongjian (The Comprehensive Mirror of Immortals Throughout the Dynasties), a compilation of Taoist narratives from the early Qing dynasty, contains a dedicated section on “The Life of Jesus,” accompanied by two images portraying Jesus and the Virgin Mary. “The Life of Jesus” is believed to have originated from Gaspar Ferreira’s Nianzhu Guicheng (Rule for the Recitation of the Rosary) and Diego de Pantoja’s Tianzhu Yesu Shounan Shimo (The Passion of the Lord Jesus). The narratives and images of Christian content within Tongjian showcase the influence of Chinese Ming–Qing Taoist immortal stories and the indigenization of Christianity that resulted in a fusion of Chinese and Western cultural elements. Multiple versions of the accompanying images exist in different editions of Tongjian, indicating an evolution in the depictions of Jesus and the Virgin Mary. Through a comparative analysis of these images and their variations, we can glean valuable insights into the Qing dynasty editors’ reception of Western culture, shedding light on the process of localizing Christianity during the Ming–Qing period and emphasizing the significance of the cultural exchange and mutual understanding between Chinese and Western civilizations.
Professional Skills in Family Support: A Systematic Review
Authors: dos Santos Rita , Isakov Anita Burgund , Martins Cátia , Antunes Ana Pereira , Zegarac Nevenka , Nunes Cristina
Published: March 2024

Family support encompasses a wide variety of professionals, sectors, and intervention paradigms that make it difficult to systematize and standardize the skills needed by the family support workforce. The present study aimed to describe the relevant skills of professionals, organize the main skills into different categories, and contribute to the development of intervention standardization guidelines in the field of family support. So, a systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The search was carried out in five databases and included the analysis of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies, and all studies were qualitatively assessed. Of the initial 3334 articles identified, 59 studies were included, and four categories were identified: professionals’ qualities, essential skills common to all professions and contexts, specific knowledge, and theoretical approaches necessary for family support. Most of the studies were from the United Kingdom, qualitative, published in the last 10 years, used small samples, and included a specific group of professionals. The included studies did not specify whether some skills or characteristics were considered more effective in practice, and they had bias issues related to social desirability. The implications for family support practice are discussed, as well as the gaps to be covered in future studies.
On Some Combinatorial Properties of Balancing Split Quaternions
Authors: Bród Dorota
Published: March 2024

Quaternions and split quaternions are used in quantum physics, computer science, and in many areas of mathematics. In this paper, we define and study two new classes of split quaternions, namely balancing split quaternions and Lucas-balancing split quaternions. Moreover, well-known properties, e.g., Catalan, d’Ocagne, and Vajda identities, for these quaternions are also presented. We give matrix generators for balancing split quaternions and Lucas-balancing split quaternions, too.
An Equivalent-Perceptional Intertemporal Choice Heuristics Model for Electric Operation Vehicle Charging Behavior
Authors: Han Yue , Quan Yi , Li Peiwen , Fu Bo , Xie Mei , Zhao Haiyan
Published: March 2024

The inherent stochasticity of electric operation vehicle (EOV) charging poses challenges to the stability and efficiency of regional power distribution networks. Existing charging behavior decision-making models often prioritize revenue considerations, neglecting the influence of multi-time-span characteristics and the potential irrationality of EOV owners. To address these limitations, this study proposes a comprehensive framework encompassing three aspects. First, operational data are statistically analyzed to reconstruct EOV operation scenarios, establishing a dynamic charging scheme tailored to multi-time-span characteristics. Second, an improved ITCH model is developed using operational equivalent change to incorporate both gains and losses. Third, a WFL framework is employed to integrate the perceptual attenuation of revenue into the ITCH model. Simulation results show that decision-makers (DMs) demonstrate a preference for charging schemes with high equivalent perceived revenues and low time costs. Moreover, when the charging price is doubled, revenue perception attenuation leads decision-makers to postpone their charging behavior. Compared to other models, the equivalent perception intertemporal choice heuristics (EP-ITCH) charging model results in reduced load peaks, valleys, and variances on the grid side. This study highlights the model’s effectiveness and accuracy in optimizing EOV charging infrastructure.
Reinforcement Learning-Based Multi-Objective Optimization for Generation Scheduling in Power Systems
Authors: Ebrie Awol Seid , Kim Young Jin
Published: March 2024

Multi-objective power scheduling (MOPS) aims to address the simultaneous minimization of economic costs and different types of environmental emissions during electricity generation. Recognizing it as an NP-hard problem, this article proposes a novel multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL)-based optimization algorithm. Within a custom multi-agent simulation environment, representing power-generating units as collaborative types of reinforcement learning (RL) agents, the MOPS problem is decomposed into sequential Markov decision processes (MDPs). The MDPs are then utilized for training an MADRL model, which subsequently offers the optimal solution to the optimization problem. The practical viability of the proposed method is evaluated across several experimental test systems consisting of up to 100 units featuring bi-objective and tri-objective problems. The results demonstrate that the proposed MADRL algorithm has better performance compared to established methods, such as teaching learning-based optimization (TLBO), real coded grey wolf optimization (RCGWO), evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (EAD), non-dominated sorting algorithm II (NSGA-II), and non-dominated sorting algorithm III (NSGA-III).
PENGARUH SANKSI PAJAK, MOTIVASI MEMBAYAR PAJAK DAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI USAHAWAN DI KPP PRATAMA KOTA PRABUMULIH
Authors: Alkahfi Bayu Dharmaraga , Betriana Meirani , Adelina Chairani
Published: March 2024

Tax is a constantly evolving phenomenon in society, serving as a crucial tool for governments to achieve national and state independence by financing development projects that benefit the common interests of the people. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Tax Sanctions, Motivation to Pay Taxes, and Education Levels on the compliance of individual taxpayers and entrepreneurs at KPP Primary Prabumulih City. The variables considered were Tax Sanctions (X1), Motivation to Pay Taxes (X2), Education Level (X3), and Taxpayer Compliance (Y). The sample size consisted of 99 taxpayers from KPP Pratama Prabumulih city. This research adopted a quantitative approach, which aimed to provide an empirical explanation of the phenomenon through statistical data, identifying characteristics and patterns of relationships between the variables. The model's summary revealed that the calculated results yielded an R Square value of 0.836, indicating a high degree of explanation. Consequently, it can be inferred that the variables tax sanctions, motivation to pay taxes, and education level collectively contributed to 16.4% of the influence on the dependent variable (taxpayer compliance). In other words, the independent variables (tax sanctions, motivation to pay taxes, and education level) could account for 83.6% of the dependent variable (taxpayer compliance). However, it should be noted that the remaining 16.4% is influenced or explained by other variables not examined in this study, such as taxpayers' understanding, perceptions, and so forth.
Injectable and Near-Infrared Light-Controllable Fibrin Hydrogels with Antimicrobial and Immunomodulating Properties for Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Zhang Qing , Jiang Yongxian , Zhang Xiaolong , Wang Yi , Ju Rong , Wei Guoqing
Published: March 2024

The management of infected wounds poses a significant challenge due to the growing issue of antibiotic resistance, underscoring the urgent necessity to innovate and implement alternative therapeutic strategies. These strategies should be capable of eliminating bacterial infections in infected wounds while circumventing the induction of multi-drug resistance. In the current study, we developed an easily prepared and injectable fibrin gel (FG) loaded with nanoparticles (NPs) that exhibit antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties to facilitate the healing of infected wounds. Initially, a novel type of NP was generated through the electrostatic interaction between the photothermal agent, mPEG-modified polydopamine (MPDA), and the nitric oxide (NO) donor, S-nitrosocysteamine (SNO). This interaction resulted in the formation of NPs referred to as SNO-loaded MPDA (SMPDA). Subsequently, the SMPDA was encapsulated into the FG using a double-barreled syringe, thereby producing the SMPDA-loaded FG (SMPDA/G). Experimental results revealed that SMPDA/G could effectively eliminate bacterial infections and alter the immune microenvironment. This efficacy is attributed to the synergistic combination of NO therapy and photothermal therapy, along with the role of SMPDA in facilitating M2 macrophage polarization within the gel. Accordingly, these findings suggest that the SMPDA/G holds substantial promise for clinical application in infected wound healing.
Uncertainty Quantification and Interpretability for Clinical Trial Approval Prediction
Authors: Lu Yingzhou , Chen Tianyi , Hao Nan , Van Rechem Capucine , Chen Jintai , Fu Tianfan
Published: March 2024

Background:Clinical trial is a crucial step in the development of a new therapy (e.g., medication) and is remarkably expensive and time-consuming. Forecasting the approval of clinical trials accurately would enable us to circumvent trials destined to fail, thereby allowing us to allocate more resources to therapies with better chances. However, existing approval prediction algorithms did not quantify the uncertainty and provide interpretability, limiting their usage in real-world clinical trial management.Methods:This paper quantifies uncertainty and improves interpretability in clinical trial approval predictions. We devised a selective classification approach and integrated it with the Hierarchical Interaction Network, the state-of-the-art clinical trial prediction model. Selective classification, encompassing a spectrum of methods for uncertainty quantification, empowers the model to withhold decision-making in the face of samples marked by ambiguity or low confidence. This approach not only amplifies the accuracy of predictions for the instances it chooses to classify but also notably enhances the model’s interpretability.Results:Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that incorporating uncertainty markedly enhances the model’s performance. Specifically, the proposed method achieved 32.37%, 21.43%, and 13.27% relative improvement on area under the precision–recall curve over the base model (Hierarchical Interaction Network) in phase I, II, and III trial approval predictions, respectively. For phase III trials, our method reaches 0.9022 area under the precision–recall curve scores. In addition, we show a case study of interpretability that helps domain experts to understand model’s outcome. The code is publicly available athttps://github.com/Vincent-1125/Uncertainty-Quantification-on-Clinical-Trial-Outcome-Prediction.Conclusion:Our approach not only measures model uncertainty but also greatly improves interpretability and performance for clinical trial approval prediction.
Initial Coefficient Bounds Analysis for Novel Subclasses of Bi-Univalent Functions linked with Horadam Polynomials
Authors: Swamy Sondekola Rudra , Nanjadeva Yogesh , Kumar Pankaj , Sushma Tarikere Manjunath
Published: March 2024

In this work, we investigate some subclasses of bi-univalent and regular functions associated with Horadam polynomials in the open unit disk $\mathfrak{U}=\{\varsigma\in\mathbb{C}:|\varsigma| <1\}$. For functions that belong to these subclasses, we find bounds on their initial coefficients. The functional problem of Fekete-Szegö is also examined. Along with presenting some new results, we also talk about pertinent connections to earlier findings.
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY PRACTICE IN THE EDUCATION SECTOR: A REVIEW OF ONLINE LEARNING AND GAMIFICATION STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING STUDENT ENGAGEMENT AND LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Kehinde Segun , Moses Chinonye , Taiye Borishade , Oladele Kehinde , Simon-Ilogho Busola , Adebukola Ariyo , Fejiro Edewor , Kehinde Kemi
Published: March 2024

This paper delves into the dynamic realms of online learning and gamification, pivotal innovations within the education sector, and aims to foster sustainability practices and improve student engagement and learning outcomes. It embarks on a comprehensive journey through the literature, meticulously examining the definitions, merits, obstacles, and exemplars of these transformative approaches. Online learning, encompassing the digital delivery of educational content via diverse platforms such as websites, mobile apps, and learning management systems, has emerged as a prime player in reshaping pedagogical landscapes. Simultaneously, gamification, hinging on the strategic infusion of game elements such as points, badges, leaderboards, and feedback into educational contexts, emerges as a potent motivator and engagement catalyst. However, this paper also casts a discerning eye on the hurdles and constraints that accompany adopting these methodologies. By synthesizing the collective wisdom of prior research, this paper unveils the novel possibilities and improvements that online learning and gamification bring to education, elucidating their role in advancing sustainability goals and enhancing the educational experience. The synthesis of existing knowledge leads to the formulation of valuable recommendations tailored to educators and researchers aspiring to integrate online learning and gamification strategies into their pedagogical toolbox, invigorating learning environments and propelling education toward a more sustainable and engaging future.
AMAZON RAINFOREST AND INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Al Banna Mahir
Published: March 2024

This paper aims to analyze the effect of climate change on the principle of state sovereignty. This study examines the case of the Amazon rainforest, the ‘lungs’ of the earth, which has 60% of its land inside Brazil’s territory and provides a natural ecosystem that helps stabilize the world’s climate. This rainforest plays a crucial role by absorbing carbon dioxide (approximately 2 billion tons of CO2 per year, or 5% of the planet’s annual emissions). This study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to the different principles of public international law. Our methodology allows us to address questions about the conflict between permanent sovereignty over natural resources principles and demands for global environmental protection. This paper covers the characteristics of the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources and its limits by focusing on the idea of a common heritage for humanity. This research focuses on substantial responses that international law can provide to the questions: “Is the idea of internationalizing the Amazon admissible? Wouldn’t intervention to protect the Amazon Forest even if it violates the territorial sovereignty of Brazil?” Through an international law approach, this study addresses questions about the conflict of permanent sovereignty over natural resources principle with demands for global environmental protection. The theoretical framework relies on different legal principles of international law, particularly on the principle of state sovereignty.
Content and consequences of institutional reforms in post-socialist countries
Authors: Lysyuk Volodymyr
Published: March 2024

Institutional reforms affect the efficiency of the economy through the mechanism of resource mobility, expectations, trust, the dynamics of the shadow range and corruption, the degree of economic freedom and the overall innovative capacity of the economy. The nature and content of these influences are controversial and sometimes uncertain. Therefore, when carrying out reforms, it is necessary to take into account the specific peculiarities of the connection between changes in the institutional environment and the processes of functioning and development of the economy.
Most often, institutional reforms have a differentiated impact on economic entities: the change of rules will affect some positively in the short term, but negatively in the medium term, and will have the opposite effect on others. The effects of a short-term positive impact for individual subjects are mostly determined by redistributive processes, since it takes a certain amount of time for a significant and sustainable increase in public wealth under successful reforms.
During institutional reform, a purposeful change of a certain set of institutions takes place, carried out by subjects who develop and implement a transformation plan. Through the system of various state bodies using various mechanisms, tools and measures the state, on one hand, introduces institutional reforms, on the other, institutional prerequisites have a determining role in the implementation of state policy in various areas, economic area in particular.
The article focuses on the institutional reforms of post-socialist countries at the end of the 20th century, which were aimed at the transition of countries from a command-administrative economy to a market economy. The experience gained from studying the positive and negative features of these reforms will help prevent mistakes in the implementation of institutional reform of Ukraine to ensure its effective development taking into account the country's national characteristics.
Features of the process of management of the company's capital structure
Authors: Antoniuk Oksana
Published: March 2024

The article substantiates the relevance of the study of building an effective socio-economic model of society at the present stage in Ukraine, which is the creation of an appropriate system of social protection of the population. At the same time, the determining factor is the financial support of this sphere, which contributes to the formation of effective social protection of citizens, which, given the current realities and financial capabilities of the State, is extremely limited.
The article outlines the problems of budgetary financing of social programmes, which will contribute to reliable social protection of the population and achievement of a high level of both its welfare and prosperity of the country as a whole. This necessitates the transformation of Ukraine's development in the current conditions in the context of modernisation of the State's socio-economic policy and government actions aimed at improving the living standards of citizens and orientation towards European standards.
It is determined that the stable functioning of a modern democratic society primarily requires an effective construction of the State social protection system. Thus, the socio-economic processes currently taking place in Ukraine do not contribute to the proper quality and accessibility of public goods in the social sphere, increase in the level of employment and well-being of the population. This is primarily due to the ongoing hostilities in the country and the consequent difficult financial and economic situation in the country, which has led to a decline in the living standards of its citizens, resulting in an increase in the number of internally displaced persons, low-income groups, the disabled, large families and other categories of people in need of social assistance.
The author emphasizes the importance of creating an effective system of social protection of the population in the State, which is one of the key tasks in the process of building an effective socio-economic model of society at the present stage of development. The determining factor contributing to the provision of social protection of citizens is proper financing of this area in terms of optimisation of possible sources in the context of limited financial resources of the State.
It is proved that the main transformation in the social protection system in Ukraine, especially in the war and post-war periods, should take place in the area of financing war-related benefits (for the disabled and those who lost their breadwinner); expenditures on rehabilitation of population groups affected by the war. It is also advisable to launch a programme to provide benefits and payments to military personnel and their families and to increase payments to vulnerable categories of the population. It is the comprehensive implementation of the proposed actions that will increase the efficiency of social sector financing and improve the quality of life of the population.
Social Risks of Achieving Sustainable Development in the Arctic Region
Authors:   Luzin Institute for Economic Studies — Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre “Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Korchak Elena A.
Published: March 2024

The sustainable development of circumpolar countries is of great importance for the whole world, because the Arctic Region is currently experiencing an unprecedented level of economic activity. From the perspective of the concept of sustainable development, the intensification of industrial activity in the Arctic region makes the issues of achieving long-term environmental and social sustainability for local communities relevant. Despite the fact that the Arctic countries, especially the countries of Northern Eu-rope, are leaders in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals, additional attention is needed to coordinate efforts to achieve them at all levels of administrative-territorial management. The relevance of our study is determined by the need to overcome the challenges and threats to the sustainable development of the Arctic territories of circumpolar countries. The aim of the study was to analyze the social risks of achieving sustainable development of the Arctic region. The methodological basis of the study was the system approach, methods of structural-historical and comparative-geographical analysis. It was substantiated that social risks in achieving sustainable development in the Arctic region are limited access to educational services; social tension in the labor markets, produced by professional and qualification imbalances of labor demand and supply and problems of youth employment; child poverty and poverty of the indigenous population. The scientific novelty of the research is in substantiating the social risks that pose a threat to the sustainable development of the Arctic region. The prospects for further research are conditioned by the need to solve urgent socio-economic and managerial problems associated with the sustainable development of the Arctic region.
Specialized Bank Performance and the Challenge of Term Finance By IJISRT
Authors: Fatima Rahma, , Omer M. Eltom Elshami, , Elwasila Mukhtar Mohamed, , A. Ahmed Elgilany
Published: March 2024

This paper aimed to assess the role of specialized state-owned development banks in Sudan in promoting, developing and acquisition of agricultural technology. The study stressed its role exemplified by the Agricultural bank of Sudan(ABS) as a development bank and how to tackle commercial issues. The main focus of the study is to study the means and modes adopted by the specialized bank and its role in developing the agricultural sector. Primary and secondary data were collected from the Agricultural Bank of Sudan by structured questionnaire. Targeted random sampling were followed to cover about 59 bank employees (main branch/ headquarter). Statistical Analysis and chi-square test were done using the Statistical Analysis Program (SAS) Program. The results showed Murabahah which is an Islamic and a trade-based mode was dominant. The study revealed that the bank should compromise its role commercially and developmentally in financing agricultural technologies. It should adopt reliable innovative modes to help farmers achieving high levels of technology in agricultural production. Musharakah which is a form of partnership and an Islamic mode of finance is not widely used. It is a participatory approach in which both partners participate in the management and provision of capital and also share in the profit and loss. The study recommended Musharakah as the most appropriate mode to develop agricultural technologies in the sector.
Pulmonary Sclerosing Pneumocytoma - A Comprehensive Exploration of Clinical, Radiological, and Surgical Dimensions By IJISRT
Authors: Pathak Dipendra , Sun Xiwen
Published: March 2024

Objectives: The study findings have important Clinical implications, especially in the preoperative evaluation of Lung Nodules and aid in the radiological diagnosis based on CT features. Pulmonary Sclerosing pneumocytoma is a Benign, rare tumor of the lung that represents a diagnostic challenge due to the Non-specific CT findings. The Aim of this study was to present a 10-year experience with sclerosing pneumocytoma of a large center of CHINA for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases, and to emphasize differential diagnostic dilemmas as a potential source of errors.  Material and Methods: This represents a retrospective study of 31 patients diagnosed and treated with sclerosing pneumocytoma in the 10-year period. The study analyzed various Variables, including Gender, Age, Smoking history, Reason for CT, Nodule location, Nodule shape, Clinical symptoms, Calcifications, and Surgical Resections.  Results: Sclerosing pneumocytoma was more frequently diagnosed in females (93.5%). The patients ranged in age from 28 to 68. Most of the patients (77.4%) were asymptomatic. 30 patients had no history of smoking (96.8%). Mean Nodule size was 14.4mm. Most nodules have Round, oval and smooth margin, with majority of Nodules have location in the lower lobes of both lungs. Most nodules were peripherally situated (54.83%). VATS with lobectomy performed in 25 (80.64%) patients while VATS with wedge resection performed in 6(19.64%) patients, without post-surgical complications and Normal follow up.
Excited-state OH Masers in the Water Fountain Source IRAS 18460-0151
Authors: Ouyang Xu-Jia , Zhang Yong , Li Juan , Nakashima Jun-ichi , Chen Xi , Qiao Hai-Hua
Published: March 2024

Water fountain objects are generally defined as evolved stars with low to intermediate initial mass accompanied by high-velocity molecular jets detectable in the 22.235 GHz H2O maser line. They are the key objects of understanding the morphological transitions of circumstellar envelopes during the post asymptotic giant branch phase. Masers are useful tools to trace the kinematic environments of the circumstellar envelopes. In this Letter we report the discovery of exceptionally uncommon excited-state hydroxyl (ex-OH) masers at 4660 and 6031 MHz toward the water fountain source IRAS 18460−0151. These are the brightest ex-OH masers discovered in late-type objects to date. To the best of our knowledge, prior to the current work, no evolved stellar object has been observed in the 4660 MHz ex-OH maser line. The ground-state hydroxyl (g-OH) masers at 1612 and 1665 MHz are also observed. The velocity components of the 4660 MHz ex-OH maser line and the much weaker 1665 MHz g-OH maser line all can be seen in the 1612 MHz g-OH maser line profile. The blueshifted components of the three masers are more intense than the redshifted ones in contrast to the ex-OH maser line at 6031 MHz. The relevance of the behaviors of the ex-OH masers to the circumstellar environments is unclear.
Early Printing in Brazil
Authors: Gauz Valeria
Published: March 2024

L’histoire des premiers imprimés au Brésil est un sujet qui nécessite une recherche rigoureuse. Il n’y a eu pratiquement aucune impression au cours des trois premiers siècles du pays, de la découverte en 1500 à 1808, année où la famille royale et la cour s’installèrent à Rio de Janeiro, ce qui amena des changements importants. La médiocrité du système éducatif brésilien ne doit pas être sous-estimée lorsqu’on essaie de comprendre les raisons de cette situation étrange due principalement au manque d’intérêt de la population pour les livres. Le fait que le Brésil ait été isolé ou trop protégé par la métropole a pu contribuer également au retard dans le développement culturel de la colonie. Il y eut l’initiative, sans lendemain, des Hollandais qui installèrent une imprimerie pendant la colonisation du Nord-Est du pays ; quelques livres furent imprimés à Rio de Janeiro en 1747, mais la tentative échoua et fort peu de ces livres se trouvent dans les bibliothèques de nos jours. Après 1808, cependant, la publication de livres connut un essor significatif à Rio de Janeiro, et peu à peu dans les autres États. L’intérêt pour les livres fut encore plus grand lors de la marche vers l’indépendance, quand l’effervescence du mouvement révolutionnaire favorisa la publication de nombreux pamphlets politiques. Beaucoup d’ouvrages consacrés à la magnifique flore et faune du pays et aux différents peuples qui y vécurent furent publiés en Europe ; cette production qui constitue en elle-même un important domaine de recherche doit être bien distinguée des livres publiés au Brésil, un sujet qui demeure aujourd’hui un vaste champ d’études.