bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variational principle for electromagnetic hydrodynamics of plasma
Authors: Gavrikov Mikhail Borisovich
Published: April 2021

Within the framework of the Lagrangian approach, a mathematically correct procedure is given for obtaining the necessary conditions of locextr from the variational principle for a number of continuous media that fill a certain geometric region at each moment of time and does not leave it over time. The proposed method is based on the geometric properties of the set of diffeomorphisms of the indicated domain, which is the configuration space of a continuous medium, and on a certain embedding theorem. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated by examples of obtaining the necessary locextr conditions from variational principles for ideal gas dynamics and classical MHD plasma. The central result of the work is the construction of the variational principle, in particular, the Lagrangian and the action functional for the theory of electromagnetic hydrodynamics of plasma.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Gulma dan Bahan Alami Terhadap Perkecambahan Jagung
Authors: Rahayu Muji , Sakya Amalia Tetrani , Purnomo Djoko , Aprilia Nurmalasari Ike
Published: April 2021

The presence of weeds in the crop can become a competitor and reduce crop production. Each type of weed and naturally materials contains different allelochemical compounds. This research aims to create appropriate technology for weed management in maize cultivation, especially in the early growth phase (germination) so that it can suppress the effect of weeds at the beginning of growth and increase maize growth. The research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 8 treatments namely aquadest (without weed extract/control), extract of the weed in the teki groups (Cyperus rotundus), grass weeds (Dactyloctenium aegyptium) and wide leaf weeds (Euphorbia heterophylla), ketapang, beluntas, acacia, and ginger (Zingiberaceae). The results showed that weed extract of D. aegyptium gave the greatest effect of inhibition of germination compared to C. rotundus and E. heterophylla at 12 DAS. Ginger leaf extract (Zingiberaceae) had the greatest effect on inhibition of germination compared to ketapang, beluntas, and acacia on corn seeds at 7 DAS. The application of weed extracts and natural ingredients can have an inhibitory effect, especially on the growth phase, namely the maize germination phase.
THE EMPOWERMENT OF VILLAGE HEALTH FORUM (VHF) IN ALERTED VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Suharto Didik G. , Setyowati Kristina
Published: April 2021

The problem the partner (Village Health Forum/VHF) encountered in developing alerted village could be approached from managerial capacity aspect and from the aspect of technical understanding capacity of members’ health. Considering the activity of service conducted, it could be explained that the activity focused on improving the members’ capacity in managing the institutionalism of VHF (particularly activity management, infrastructure and operating fund); and how the basic health knowledge capacity of VHF members as initiator, facilitator, and motivator supported the public health promotion. The activity of service to public in partner institution included: need assessment, institution capacity development, partnership development, and monitoring and evaluation. The factors affecting the program’s smoothness and success were: the factor deriving from VHF administrator/cadre, VHF institution, village government, Health Office/Public Health Center, private sector/company, and society.

Keywords: empowerment; Village Health Forum, alerted village
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURING MODEL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SURABAYA CITY GOVERNMENT
Authors: Hertati Diana
Published: April 2021

Structuring local government organizations system is important in the regional autonomy implementation, as it is one of the many instruments of decentralization principles.  Structuring local organizations, as part of bureaucratic reform, aimed to create a government system that is efficient, effective and flexible. The flexibility in this case is based on the regional organization characteristics of the area, population and number of regional budget. In this regard, there is inconsistency in Surabaya City Government’s organization structuring, that is overly focused on the institutional issues, rigid standardization but does not consider other dimensions such as: human resources, system of governance, and the basic values of the organization. Based on this phenomenon a study is needed to formulate a model structuring for Surabaya City Government. To do so, researchers conducted a study in the following stages: (1) based on the criteria of the subject, the researchers chose one subject of the research; (2) based on the prior studies, researcher developed a research instrument consisting of local government assessment instruments - i.e. human resources, authorities, organization size, public service performance - in solving the Surabaya City Government’s structuring problem; (3) interviews were conducted based on the organization’s authorities; and (4) the data obtained is then described and analyzed using qualitative analysis method to obtain to develop a model for solving organizational structuring problem in Surabaya City Government.

 

 

Keywords: Organisation Restructuring, Organisation Restructuring Model, Governance. 
Implementasi Perubahan Kelembagaan Pelayanan Terpadu dalam Merespon Kebijakan Pemerintah Pusat
Authors: - Ardiyati
Published: April 2021

Bentuk kelembagaan merupakan faktor penting yang berpengaruh terhadap kinerja lembaga pelayanan terpadu satu pintu.  Bentuk kelembagaan  pelayanan terpadu diatur menurut kemampuan daerah. Meskipun begitu kebijakan pemerintah pusat juga mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan kelembagaan daerah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui sejauhmana implementasi Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 100 tahun 2016 tentang Pedoman Nomenklatur Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu berpengaruh terhadap terwujudnya proses kelembagaan  pelayanan terpadu satu pintu di Kabupaten Bantul. Metode penelitian yang digunakan  adalah kualitatif deskriptif.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kebijakan pemerintah pusat melalui Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 100 tahun 2016 tentang Pedoman Nomenklatur Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu mendorong adanya perubahan nomenklatur Dinas Perijinan Terpadu  Kabupaten Bantul (DPT) berubah menjadi  Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu  (DPMPT). Terjadi peningkatan kewenangan lembaga dari sekedar sharing kewenangan proses perijinan permodalan dan investasi menjadi mempunyai kewenangan penuh dalam memproses dan monitoring evaluasi. Peningkatan kewenangan tersebut tidak disertai dengan perubahan pada nomenklatur kelembagaan, peningkatan kewenangan terkait dengan perijinan investasi, penambahan bidang dan seksi terkait investasi dan informasi. Peningkatan kewenangan pengolaan ijin investasi  tersebut tidak diikuti dengan penambahan ijin yang dikelola dan sumber daya manusia lembaga pelayanan terpadu. Kebijakan perubahan nomenklatur lembaga pelayanan terpadu dengan peningkatan kewenangan perumusan kebijakan dan pelaksanaan dalam  penanaman modal berhasil dalam mempercepat proses perijinan penanaman modal. Disisi lain beban kerja ini dirasakan terlalu berat tanpa penambahan sumber daya dinas.  

Kata Kunci: Implementasi, Pelayanan Terpadu, Kelembagaan
PERAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM MEMBANGUN CITY BRANDING DI KOTA TANJUNGPINANG (STUDI KASUS KAMPUNG PELANGI)
Authors: Hartono Erfan , Safitri Dian Prima , Kurnianingsih Fitri
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini berdasarkan dari sebuah fenomena dimana pada tahun 2018 dibangun sebuah Kampung Pelangi di Kota Tanjungpinang. Kampung Pelangi yang merupakan pilot projek pembangunan Kampung Wisata Baru di Kota Tanjungpinang, menjadi salah satu terobosan baru untuk mengubah image kampung kumuh menjadi kampung yang indah dan dikenal melalui City branding Kota Tanjungpinang yang bertajuk “Pesona Tanjungpinang”. City branding merupakan strategi dari sebuah kota atau daerah untuk membuat positioning yang kuat sehingga kota dan daerah tersebut dikenal secara luas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif untuk mengetahui Peran Pemerintah Daerah dalam membangun City Branding di Kota Tanjungpinang terkait positioning kampung wisata baru yaitu Kampung Pelangi yang dianggap menjadi ikon terbaru di Kota Tanjungpinang. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua subjek yaitu Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Kota Tanjungpinang dan Kelurahan Melayu Kota Piring yang terlibat dalam Penanganan Kampung Pelangi. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara serta dokumentasi.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Peran Pemerintah Daerah yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Kota Tanjungpinang dalam membangun City Branding di Kota Tanjungpinang melalui Kampung Pelangi, yaitu: 1) Survei Pemetaan (Mapping Survey), 2) Analisis Kompetitif (Competitive Analysis), 3) Cetak Biru (Blueprint), dan 4) Implementasi (Implementation) masih belum optimal. Pemerintah daerah perlu mendorong pencapaian tujuan pembangunan kepariwisataan dan harus bisa menyediakan infrastruktur dan kerangka regulasi yang dapat mendorong swasta dan masyarakat untuk ikut berpartisipasi aktif dalam pembangunan kepariwisataan berbasis kampung wisata.
SINERGITAS PEMERINTAH DESA DAN KELEMBAGAAN LOKAL SUBAK DALAM MEWUJUDKAN PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN BERBASIS SUBAK SEBAGAI WARISAN BUDAYA DUNIA ( STUDI KASUS : SUBAK JATILUWIH, KABUPATEN TABANAN)
Authors: Febriantini Komang Trisna , Indriani Ni Kadek , Kusuma Bima Oktadinata , Yuniari Ni Komang Yuli
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sinergitas pemerintah desa dengan kelembagaan lokal subak dalam mewujudkan pembangunan berkelanjutan di daerah pedesaan berbasis Subak sebagai warisan budaya dunia (WBD) dimana WBD merupakan terobosan wisata alternatif yang akan dapat mensinergikan potensi Desa Jatiluwih berdasarkan budaya, mempertahankan keberadaan potensi tempat wisata dan meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat sekitar berdasarkan peran sinergi dari pemerintah desa dan lembaga subak yang ada. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui sinergi pemerintah desa dan lembaga subak lokal dalam mewujudkan pembangunan berkelanjutan ditinjau dari segi komunikasi dan koordinasi menurut Najiyati  (2011) dan dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yang menghasilkan data deskriptif yang diperoleh melalui penelitian kepustakaan, observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara mendalam dengan informan. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjelaskan proses koordinasi dan komunikasi antara Pemerintah Desa Jatiluwih dan kelembagaan lokal subak dalam pembangunan desa termasuk kendala yang dialami dalam proses komunikasi dan koordinasi.
Validation of a PTB force-balanced piston gauge primary pressure standard
Authors: Hashad Ahmed Salama , Sabuga Wladimir , Ehlers Sven , Bock Thomas
Published: April 2021

Experimental methods using different pressure standards were applied to verify theoretical results obtained for the effective area of the piston-cylinder assembly (PCA) and for pressures measured with a force-balanced piston gauge (FPG). The theoretical effective area was based on the PCA’s dimensional properties defined via diameter, straightness and roundness measurements of the piston and cylinder, derived by gas-flow modelling using principles of the rarefied gas dynamics, and presented as two values: one obtained for absolute and the other for gauge pressure operation mode. Both values have a relative standard uncertainty of 5×10-6. The experimental methods chosen were designed to cover the entire operating pressure range of the FPG from 3 Pa to 15 kPa. Comparisons of the FPG with three different PTB pressure standards operated in different pressure ranges – a pressure balance, a mercury manometer and a static expansion system – were performed using the cross-float method and by a direct comparison of the generated pressures. For the theoretical and experimental effective area, as well as for pressures generated by the FPG and the reference standards, all the results demonstrated full agreement within the expanded uncertainties of the standards.
Application of µ-Raman spectroscopy to the study of the corrosion products of archaeological coins
Authors: De Caro Tilde , Angelini Emma , Es Sebar Leila
Published: April 2021

In this paper, a study of the corrosion products formed on archaeological bronze artefacts excavated in Tharros (Sardinia, Italy) is presented. The investigation was carried out by means of the combination of different analytical techniques, including optical microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy (µ-RS), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The artefacts under study are three bronze coins from the Phoenician–Punic period that are deeply corroded due to the chloride-rich soil of the Tharros excavation site. µ-Raman spectroscopy was chosen to investigate the corroded surfaces of the artefacts because it is a non-destructive technique, it has high spatial resolution, and it makes it possible to discriminate between polymorphs and correlate colour and chemical composition. Through µ-RS, it was possible to identify different mineralogical phases and different polymorphs, such as cuprite (Cu2O), copper trihydroxychloride [Cu2Cl(OH)3] polymorphs, hydroxy lead chloride laurionite [PbCl(OH)] and calcium carbonate polymorph aragonite. The experimental findings highlight that micro-Raman spectroscopy can be used to provide further knowledge regarding the environmental factors that may cause the degradation of archaeological bronzes in soil.
Digital surveying and 3D modelling structural shape pipelines for instability monitoring in historical buildings: a strategy of versatile mesh models for ruined and endangered heritage
Authors: De Marco Raffaella , Parrinello Sandro
Published: April 2021

Cultural heritage and the attendant variety of built heritage demands a scientific approach from European committees: one related to the difficulties in its protection and management. This is primarily due to the lack of emergency protocols related to the structural knowledge and documentation pertaining to architecture and its ruins, specifically in terms of the goals of protection and intervention for endangered heritage affected by mechanical instabilities. Here, we focus on a rapid and reliable structural documentation pipeline for application to historical built heritage, and we introduce a case study of the Church of the Annunciation in Pokcha, Russia, while we also review the incorporation of integrated 3D survey products into reality-based models. This practice increases the possibility of systematising data through methodological phases and controlling the quality of numerical components into 3D polygonal meshes, with millimetric levels of detail and triangulation through the integration of terrestrial laser scanner and unmanned aerial vehicle survey data. These models are aimed at emphasising morphological qualities related to structural behaviour, thus highlighting areas of deformation and instability of the architectural system for analysis via computational platforms in view of obtaining information related to tensional behaviour and emergency risks.
Environment and Public Health: Actual Issues of Health Care Organization and Medical Education
Authors:   FSBI Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risksof the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Bobrovnitsky I. P. , Prilipko N. S. ,   FSBI Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risksof the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Turbinsky V. V. ,   FSBI Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risksof the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Yakovlev M.Yu. ,   FSBI Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risksof the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

The priorities of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, established by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation № 642 of 01.12.2016, provide for the improvement of health-saving technologies, which in this article have been considered from the standpoint of their focusing on reducing health risks caused by the adverse impact of environmental factors, including by increasing the functional and adaptive reserves of the body. The article analyzes in order to improve regulatory legal documents in the field of improving the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases, the formation of a healthy lifestyle and hygienic education of the population. Also, a critical analysis of the state of educational activities provided at the state level in the field of higher professional education and postgraduate training of medical workers in the direction (specialties): medical and preventive care, medical care, public health and healthcare. Concluded that to ensure scientific and technological development of the country's need to expand educational and enlightening activities on issues of ensuring sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population, hygiene, public health and organization of health care in health care organizations, and also outside in all major sectors of economy and business, in the sphere of organized tourism and recreation, SPA, fitness centers, educational organizations, sports, social welfare and life of the population, especially in terms of prevention, that in accordance with Federal Law № 323 of 21.11.2011 "On the basics of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation" provides for measures to eliminate the harmful influence of environmental factors. Proposals and additions to the relevant state regulatory documents of the Russian Federation that have already been approved and are currently under development are given.
Development of e-health as a mechanism for increasing labor productivity of midwifery specialists
Authors:   Orenburg State Medical University, Volodin A. V.
Published: April 2021

E-health is technologies that allow bringing medical services closer to patients in accordance with the objectives of state policy to level the staff shortage and remoteness of medical centers in rural areas. The established factors that reduce the quality of working life by the example of a survey of 248 midwifery specialists working in rural areas were characterized by the territorial proximity of a medical organization to home (70.1 ± 5.8%), identified the 5th rank place in the structure of measures to increase satisfaction with the quality of work, creation of a unified information environment. Analysis of modern literature has revealed the main aspects of the need and benefits of introducing e-health, such as accessibility, acceptability and quality.
Vigiar ou Educar: A Governança Ambiental como Experiência
Authors: Matarazzo Gustavo , Quintão Felipe , Serva Maurício
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo busca compreender como se desenvolvem as experiências dos sujeitos em organizações que atuam em ações de governança ambiental. Para tanto, analisamos os materiais de duas pesquisas de cunho etnográfico realizadas na cidade de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Nos dois casos, empregamos observação participante complementada com entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Argumentamos sobre a necessidade de problematizar as correntes teóricas fundadas na cisão entre cultura e natureza a fim de analisar organizações ligadas à governança ambiental. Observamos que os processos de governança estão fundamentados no conflito e dependentes das negociações acerca das expectativas normativas a respeito das finalidades e objetivos organizacionais. Ressaltamos também que as ações desenvolvidas pelos sujeitos são permeadas por uma tensão entre as finalidades de educação ambiental e de vigilância. Por fim, o posicionamento epistemológico pragmatista nos permitiu enxergar a governança ambiental como um processo que se relaciona com as perspectivas situacionais do território em questão.
Cyclone Oil Desorption Technology for the Disposal of Oil-Based Mud Cuttings
Authors: Wu Jiwei , Pan Jiake , Wang Hualin , Wang Lixiang , Liu Wenjin , Zhang Le
Published: April 2021

With the flourishing shale gas exploitation producing more oil-based mud (OBM) cuttings, the hard-to-treat hazardous wastes heavily burden the local environment. However, the problems of treating OBM cuttings, such as huge energy consumption, tremendous treatment costs, and high risk of secondary contamination, still remain unsolved with the current treatment technologies, such as thermal desorption, incineration, and chemical extraction.

In this study, we introduce a new method and equipment based on cyclone desorption to recover oil from OBM cuttings. The technological process includes viscosity reduction in heated gas, cyclone deoiling, condensation and recycling of the exhaust, and separation of oil and water in the coalescer. Based on the analysis of the physicochemical properties and the oil distribution inside the OBM cuttings samples collected from the Chongqing shale gas field, we designed this cyclone oil desorption technology and built the pilot-scale equipment to conduct the deoiling experiments. The results showed that the deoiling efficiency of OBM cuttings improved as the processing time increased. To be precise, after 2.7 seconds of treatment, the oil content of the cuttings samples fell sharply from 17.9 to 0.16%, which is about one-half of the maximum allowable oil content in pollutants of 0.3%, specified in the national standard (GB 4284-84 1985) promulgated by the People’s Republic of China.

The foundation of the technology is that the particles have a high-speed self-rotation (more than 30,000 rad/s) coupled with a revolution in the cyclone in which a generated centrifugal force removes the oil from the pores of the particles. This process is purely physical and involves no phase change of the oil, so it is free of chemical addition and high heating temperature. The application of this newly developed cyclone oil desorption technology is expected to lower the treatment costs, enhance the processing efficiency, contribute to the energy development, and eventually benefit the local environment where the shale gas exploitations take place.
Prenatal polychlorinated biphenyl exposure promotes invasion of progeny ectopic endometrial stromal cells via epigenetic modification of EZH2
Authors: Wang Yinfeng , Ye Chaoshuang , Hu Changchang , Chen Pei , Chen Chaolu , Wu Ruijin
Published: April 2021

Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are persistent environmental endocrine disruptor. This study aim to investigate the changes of the ectopic endometrium invasive ability and the possible mechanism after exposure to PCBs during pregnancy. In total, 12 female Sprague Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with Aroclor 1221 (1 mg/kg) or dimethyl sulfoxide (1 mg/kg) at 16 and 18 days of gestation. The endometriosis model was established by autogenous uterine abdominal wall implantation 2 months after birth. The degree of adhesion between the endometriosis and the greater omentum, as well as cell morphology and Transwell invasion patterns were used to evaluate the invasive ability of progeny ectopic endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Moreover, the effect of the enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2)/ trimethylation of Histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) axis was examined using a highly selective EZH2 inhibitor, GSK126. After gestational PCBs exposure, the adhesion between the endometrium and the greater omentum was enhanced (P<0.05), and the length and number of microvilli were significantly increased (P<0.01). Exposure to PCBs during pregnancy increased the invasive ability of the ectopic ESCs (P<0.01), with upregulated expression levels of EZH2 and H3k27me3, which were abrogated by the EZH2 inhibitor GSK126. In conclusion, exposure to PCBs during pregnancy increased the invasive ability of the ectopic endometrium, which may be mediated by EZH2.
Study on Photodegradation Activity of Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2-Ce/rGO Magnetic Photocatalyst
Authors: Cao Weiyan , Xijun Liu , Yuwei Wang , Yong Zhang , Xianxin Han , Congzhi Fu
Published: April 2021

The magnetic core-shell Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2-Ce/rGO composite nanomaterials were prepared by sol-gel method and hydrothermal method, composite photocatalyst doped with metal and loaded with graphene, the catalytic activity has been greatly improved. Under normal experimental conditions (pH = 7, [MB] = 10mg/L, magnetic composite photocatalyst concentration = 0.1g/50mL), Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2-Ce/rGO nano-composites photocatalyst maximum degrade MB reaches 98.2% in 140 minutes.
Determination of the Youngest Active Domain in Major Fault Zones Using Medical X-ray Computed Tomography-derived Density Estimations
Authors: iwamori akiyuki , Takagi Hideo , Asahi Nobutaka , Sugimori Tatsuji , Nakata Eiji , Nohara Shintaro , Ueta Keiichi
Published: April 2021

Determination of the youngest active domains in fault zones that are not overlain by Quaternary sedimentary cover are critical for evaluating recent fault activity, determining the current local stress field, and mitigating the impacts of future earthquakes. Considering the exhumation of a fault zone, the youngest active domain in a fault zone is supposed to correspond to the activity at the minimum fault depth of a buried fault, such that the most vulnerable area, which possesses the lowest rock/protolith density ratio, is assumed to be indicative of this recent fault activity. However, it is difficult to measure the density of fault rocks and map the rock/protolith density ratio across a given fault zone. Here we utilize medical X-ray computed tomography (CT), a non-destructive technique for observing and analyzing materials, to investigate the fault characteristics of several fault zones and their surrounding regions in Japan, and attempt to determine the youngest active domain of a given fault zone based on its CT numbers, which are a function of the density and effective atomic number of the fault rock and protolith. We first investigate the density, void ratio, and effective atomic number of active and inactive fault rocks, and their respective protoliths. We then calculate the CT numbers after reducing the beam-hardening effects on the rock samples, and study the relationships among the CT number, density, and effective atomic number. We demonstrate that the density, effective atomic number, and CT number of the fault rock decrease as the youngest active zone is approached, such that the region with the lowest CT number and rock/protolith density ratio defines the youngest active domain of a given fault zone.
Expression of Recombinant Protein of Coat Protein Gene of Sweet Potato Feathery Mottle Virus in Bacterial Expression System and Production of Polyclonal Antiserum for Its Diagnosis
Authors: Thangaraj Makeshkumar , T Jayakrishnan J
Published: April 2021

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatus L. (Lam), Family Convolvulaceae) is one of the most important tuber crops providing nutritional security because of its high consumption value and medicinal properties, and numerous agro-industrial uses. Sweet potato feathery mottle disease caused by Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) is one of the serious constrains in sweet potato cultivation in India. Effective diagnostic methods need to be developed to solve the problem due to these viruses. As part of the study, infected leaf samples from fields were collected, positive samples were screened for SPFMV using DAC-ELISA and confirmed through PCR. Coat protein gene of SPFMV was PCR amplified, cloned into TA cloning vector and then transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α cells. Positive clones were sub cloned into expression vector pET28A(+) and transformed into DH5α cells. Plasmid DNA from positive clones were isolated and transformed into BL21DE3 cells (NiCo21-DE3 cells). Positive clones were identified and confirmed in-frame position through sequence analysis. Selected colony was grown in Luria both medium at 37oC. Cells were collected and solubility of SPFMV coat protein (CP) was checked through SDS PAGE. Various standardisations were carried out for optimising expression of SPFMV CP and it was observed that 4 hr induction of 1.5 mM IPTG at 25oC gives maximum yield. Using these conditions, cells were grown on large scale and purified the protein (SPFMV CP) using Ni-NTA resin affinity chromatography. Purified protein was checked using SDS PAGE, confirmed the expression using Western Blotting and given for immunization into two New Zealand white rabbits for polyclonal antibody production. Serological tests like ELISA and DIBA were done for confirming the sensitivity and specificity of the raised antibody using field samples of SPFMV infected sweet potato along with healthy plants. Tested samples gave strong positive reactions at dilutions of 1:500 up to 1:6000. Also antibody reacted specifically at a dilution of 1:6000 in ELISA and DIBA. This is the first report of development of polyclonal antiserum against CP of SPFMV through recombinant technology in India and can be useful for the detection of virus from the field-grown samples.
Application of a Targeted and Quantificational Foraminoplasty Device in Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy for L5-S1 Disc Herniation: Preliminary Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Liu Jinlong , wu Junlong , Zhang Honglei , Zuo Rui , Liu Jiabin , Zhang Chao
Published: April 2021

ObjectivePercutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) is minimally invasive and has been widely used to treat patients with lumbar disk herniation(LDH) due to its safety and efficiency. However, due to the unique anatomy of the L5-S1 level, the PTED procedure is often difficult to perform in the region. ZESSYS, a targeted and quantificational foraminoplasty device, may help to overcome these anatomical limitations. In this study, we assessed the efficiency and the short-term eﬀects of PTED with ZESSY at the L5-S1 level.MethodsBetween January to August of 2018, Fifty-six patients with lumbar disk herniation at the single level of L5–S1 and underwent percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. They were segregated into the the TESSYS group and the ZESSYS group. The puncture time, foraminoplasty time, decompression time and fluoroscopy time evaluated for the operation efficiency. Clinical outcomes were assessed by visual analog scale(VAS) score and Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) score. The MacNab criteria were used to evaluate patient subjective satisfaction at 12-month follow-up postoperatively.ResultsThe average puncture time (5.29±2.05 minutes), foraminoplasty time (12.82±2.52 minutes) and fluoroscopy time (26.29±5.96 seconds) were all significantly shorter in the ZESSYS group than in the TESSYS group (average puncture time 8.07±3.13 minutes, p<0.01; foraminoplasty time, 17.18±2.92 minutes, p<0.01; fluoroscopy time, 34.73±6.86 seconds; p<0.01). No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in the decompression time (p=0.057). The VAS score of low back pain and leg pain, as well as the ODI score, improved at all time points postoperatively compared with preoprative , in both the TESSYS group and the ZESSYS group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the VAS score of low back pain, VAS score of leg pain, and ODI score between the TESSYS group and the ZESSYS group at the same time points (P > 0.05). According to the MacNab criteria, the excellent and good rate at 12-month follow-up postoperatively was 85.7% in the TESSYS group and 89.3% in the ZESSYS group (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe targeted and quantificational foraminoplasty device named ZESSYS was more efficient in the puncture and foraminoplasty procedures, effectively protecting the exiting nerve and minimizing the level of radiation exposure. The device is efficient and safe for PTED in treating lumbar disk herniation at the L5-S1 level.
Research on the Mechanism of Wuwei Yuganzi San in the Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease Based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Zhang Qunhui , Li Yimei , Guo Yang , Lu Qiqin , Zhang Guoying , Ma Jing , Zhang Dejun
Published: April 2021

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a chronic cardiovascular disease across the world, which poses numerous threats to mankind. Wuwei Yuganzi San (WYS) is a famous traditional Tibetan medicine prescription. It has been confirmed effective in the treatment of CHD, but its specific mechanism remains still unclear. Objective: To elucidate the main pharmacological action of WYS in treating CHD and investigate the underlying multiple mechanisms of its multi-ingredient-multi-target by network pharmacology.Methods: Firstly, active ingredients of WYS and connected targets of five herbs were retrieved by using traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology (TCMSP) and screening literature. Then, genome explanation databases (OMIM and GeneCards) were used to acquire targets related to CHD. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built using the mutual targets filtering genes through protein interaction. Next, a network diagram could be established with the help of Cytoscape 3.8.2. And, STRING platform was used to construct a protein interaction network. Finally, GO and KEGG analyses were analyzed to further elucidate biological process enrichment.Results: After the screening, 36 active ingredients and 202 related targets in WYS in addition to 952 disease-related targets were acquired. A total of 37 key targets including AKT1, ESR1, and EGFR were screened in the PPI network. These targets were mostly concentrated on the transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway, cellular response to growth factors stimulus, and response to growth factor. The KEGG enrichment demonstrated that the MAPK signaling pathway, P13K/AKT signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, and other corresponding signaling pathways were closely related to CHD.Conclusions. WYS plays a significant role in the treatment of CHD. And this study provides a novel approach to disclose the therapeutic mechanisms of WYS on CHD.
Highly palatable and hypercaloric chronic intake of food and soft drink leads to disruption in the normal dietary pattern in rats
Authors: Hagen Martine Elisabeth Kienzle , Macedo Isabel Cristina , Thoen Rutiane Ullmann , Fernandes Rafael Oliveira , Goularte Jeferson Ferraz , Sanvitto Gilberto Luiz , Torres Iraci L.S.
Published: April 2021

Ultra-processed food consumption, which is highly palatable, rich in fat, sugar, and salt causes uncontrolled food intake and has contributed to a sharp increase in obesity worldwide. This study evaluated the effects of soft drink and/or ultra-processed food intake on eating behavior and metabolic parameters in rats fed with a cafeteria diet. Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups. 1) CON: standard chow and water; 2) CD: cafeteria diet, standard chow, and water; 3) CS: caloric soft drink, standard chow, and water; 4) NCS: non-caloric soft drink, standard chow, and water; 5) CD + CS: cafeteria diet, caloric soft drink, standard chow, and water; and 6) CD + NCS: cafeteria diet, non-caloric soft drink, standard chow, and water. The cafeteria diet intake resulted in higher energy consumption (30% increase on average), a 450% increase in lipid consumption, and a 50% reduction in protein intake, which contributed to a 60% increase in body weight relative to the controls. This diet increased the metabolic risk, as observed in the Homeostasis Model Assessment changes in the CD groups. The CD + NCS group presented a lower liposomatic index, which may be related to the lower insulinogenic effect of caffeine contained in the soda, and 17% carbohydrate reduction compared to the CD + CS group. This result suggests that caffeine consumption in non-caloric soda may help prevent obesity associated with the sucrose's absence. However, it is necessary to compare the effects of the sugary drink intake with those of the artificially sweetened consumption, caffeine-free drinks associated with a cafeteria diet. No Level of evidence: animal study.
Intraoperative Chemotherapy for Leptomeningeal Metastases After Ommaya Placement
Authors: Omofoye Oluwaseun Adeola , Yu John S , Chu Ray M
Published: April 2021

IntroductionThere is a wide variety in the timing of the first intraventricular chemotherapy dose after Ommaya reservoir placement. Given the rapid nature of leptomeningeal metastasis, it is important to avoid any delays in treatment in order to have the optimal therapeutic benefit. We present the first series of immediate intraoperative intraventricular infusion of chemotherapy after Ommaya placement.MethodsA single-institution, retrospective review of twenty patients who underwent surgical placement of an Ommaya reservoir from 2012 to 2020 and had intraoperative infusion of chemotherapy was conducted. Inclusion criteria consisted of patients 18 years and older with a diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastases, central nervous system lymphoma or leukemia. Outcomes such as leukoencephalopathy, wound healing, intracranial hemorrhage, catheter malfunction, Ommaya days, mortality, and other complications were reviewed.ResultsThe mean patient age was 55.1 years and the most common diagnosis was breast cancer (40%). All catheters were placed into the ventricular system, and there were no wound healing complications, infections or symptomatic leukoencephalopathy. Intraventricular chemotherapy was administered for a total of 201 cycles and a mean of 10 times per patient. The number of Ommaya days ranged from 7 to 2177, with a mean of 326.5 days, and 30-day mortality was 10%.Conclusions Ommaya reservoirs are effective intraventricular delivery mechanism for chemotherapy in patients with leptomeningeal metastases. Endoscopy-assisted placement of Ommaya catheters provides a real-time, visual confirmation of adequate placement. Immediate intraoperative intraventricular infusion of chemotherapy after Ommaya placement is safe, effective, and may increase efficiency in time to treatment for patients.
Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections: Level of Knowledge Among Freshmen of Four Italian Universities
Authors: Cegolon Luca , Bortolotto Melania , Bellizzi Saverio , Cegolon Andrea , Pichierri Giuseppe , Mastrangelo Giuseppe , Xodo Carla
Published: April 2021

Background. With the aim to inform potential SHE programs in Italian schools, we run a survey on 4,552 freshmen of four different Italian universities (Padua, Palermo, Bergamo and Milan) to investigate their level of SHK on STI prevention and associated factors. Methods. The survey was conducted with an anonymous self-reported paper questionnaire administered during teaching lectures to university freshmen of four Italian universities and different undergraduate courses. Results. The final number of freshmen surveyed was 4,552 (97.9% response rate), 1,842 (40.5%) from the university of Padua; 1,743 (38.3%) from the university of Palermo; 667 (14.7%) from the university of Bergamo and 300 (6.6%) from the university of Milan. The mean age of respondents was 21.4 2.2 years and most of them (70.3%) were females. An overall low STI knowledge among sample students was found. Only 28% respondents knew the most effective contraceptives to prevent STI (i.e. condom and sexual abstinence), with a slightly higher prevalence of correct answers among females (31.3%) than males (25.8%). Students with history of STIs reported referring mostly to their GP (38.1%), rather than discussing the problem with a family member (15.1%), booking an appointment with a consultant gynecologist (13.1%), discussing with their partner (13.1%) or with an experienced friend (12.5%). At multivariable analysis significantly lower levels of STI knowledge was found among males, students of the university of Palermo, those who completed a vocational secondary school education and non-Italian nationals. Categories with significantly less SHK on the most effective contraceptives to prevent STIs included males, students of the university of Palermo, students of educational sciences, students of economics/political sciences, those of foreign nationality, those with two siblings and those whose fathers had a lower educational level. Conclusions. The above findings provided indirect information on the standard of SHE delivered in Italian schools and call for the development of tailored multi-agency SHE programs involving several actors. In addition to school-based SHE programs, primary care services dedicated to sexual health should be strengthened in Italy.
Research on Inventory Path Optimization of VMI Large Logistics Enterprises Based on Ant Colony Algorithm
Authors: Wang Yaoyan
Published: April 2021

Based on the idea of vendor management (VMI) inventory, this paper focuses on the integration and optimization of transportation and inventory control in large-scale logistics system, so as to minimize the total cost of the logistics system. Aiming at the inventory path optimization of VMI large logistics enterprises, based on ant colony algorithm, an improved ant colony algorithm, namely ant colony system algorithm, is designed to solve the model. The algorithm model combines deterministic selection and random selection to obtain a comprehensive probability, and combines local and global pheromone updating. In this paper, we study a two-level supply chain system with multiple customers from one supplier and inventory routing problem. According to the characteristics of inventory routing problem, a single cycle inventory path optimization model with time window constraint based on stochastic demand is established. The goal is to minimize the total system cost, including inventory cost of downstream customers, system transportation cost and penalty cost for not meeting the time window. According to the characteristics of the model, the ant colony algorithm is selected as the optimization method, and the improved ant colony algorithm is designed to solve the example, and the feasibility of the algorithm and model is verified.
Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography is Preferable Measurement for Detecting the Early and Subtle Alterations of Cardiac Dysfunction in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Chen Zhiyan , Qi Yanchao , Wang Lijie , Ma Meifang , Li Na , Liu Zhe , Liu Suyun , Xue Lixiang , Guo Bingyan , Li Yongjun
Published: April 2021

BackgroundMyocardial damage caused by diabetic cardiomyopathy results in cardiac structural and functional abnormalities. Our previous studies have demonstrated that inhibiting RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway improved the structural abnormalities. The early detection of cardiac functional alterations accompanied by structural changes during therapy may facilitate better understanding on the pathophysiologic progress and guiding diabetic cardiomyopathy treatment. This study aimed to identify the optimal diagnostic measures for the early and subtle alterations of cardiac dysfunction in Type 2 diabetes mellitus rats.MethodsTwenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups and treated for 4 weeks: CON (control rats), DM (diabetic rats), DMF (DM + fasudil 10mg/kg/d) and CONF (CON + fasudil 10mg/kg/d). Left ventricular (LV) structure was quantified by histological staining and transmission electron microscopy. LV function and myocardial deformation were performed by high-frequency echocardiography.ResultsMyocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis were increased in diabetic rats and were remarkably alleviated in the DMF group. The diabetic rats had impaired LV performance evidenced by significant reduction of EF, FS and MV E/A, 26%, 34% and 20% respectively, while ROCK inhibition failed to improve the conventional ultrasonic parameters. However, the cardiac time intervals (CTI) parameters and speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) parameters were significantly improved in the DMF group compared with the DM group (isovolumic contraction time, IVCT: P = 0.029; myocardial performance index, MPI: P = 0.037; fractional area change, FAC: P < 0.001; global circumferential strain, GCS: P = 0.003; global circumferential strain rate, GCSR: P = 0.021). Combining ROC curves with linear regression analysis, STE parameters were characterized by both the optimal predictions for cardiac damage [AUC (95% CI): FAC, 0.927 (0.744 to 0.993); GCS, 0.819 (0.610 to 0.945); GCSR, 0.899 (0.707 to 0.984)] and the strong correlations with cardiac fibrosis (FAC, r = -0.825; GCS, r = 0.772; GCSR, r = 0.829).ConclusionThe results suggest that STE strain and strain rate are preferable indicators of the early detection of subtle alterations in cardiac dysfunction and the quantitation of therapeutic efficacy in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
(Protocol) Preferred Reporting Items for Resistance Exercise Studies (PRIRES): An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews, Guidelines, and Position Stands for Item Extraction
Authors: Lin Ting-Yu , Chueh Ting-Yu , Hung Tsung-Min
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThe issues of replication and scientific transparency have been raised in exercise and sports science research. A potential means to address the replication crisis and enhance research reliability is to improve reporting quality and transparency. This study aims to formulate a reporting checklist as a supplement to the existing reporting guidelines, specifically for resistance exercise studies.MethodsSystematic reviews/meta-analyses, guidelines, and position stands related to resistance exercise since inception will be searched in PubMed and Scopus. Only studies published in English will be included. Two authors will independently screen titles/abstracts and then full-text articles against the inclusion criteria. Basic data will be extracted by the same two authors independently. The same two authors will independently extract items from systematic reviews, guidelines, and position stands that could potentially influence training efficiency, physiological/psychological functions, other health-related variables, or replication. Summaries of the findings and items extracted from the included systematic reviews/meta-analyses and included position stands or guidelines will be presented as tables. Using items adapted from the existing checklist Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT), a preferred reporting checklist for resistance exercise studies will be formulated. The protocol for this study was developed according to the reporting checklist for umbrella reviews published by Onishi and Furukawa in 2016.DiscussionThe proposed study is expected to build a reporting checklist with a high level of evidence, which can improve the reporting quality of future resistance exercise studies.Ethics and disseminationApproval from a human/animal research ethics committee is not required. The findings of the proposed study will be disseminated through conference presentations, our lab’s website in plain language, and, if possible, letters to the editor in peer-reviewed journals related to sport and exercise science.RegistrationThis study is registered with the EQUATOR Network under the title “Preferred Reporting Items for Resistance Exercise Studies (PRIRES).” PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021235259.
Origins of Chiral Life in Interstellar Molecular Clouds
Authors: Valkovic Vlado , Obhodas Jasmina
Published: April 2021

The phenomenon of life is discussed within a framework of its origin as defined by the following assumptions. Life, as we know it, is (H-C-N-O) based and relies on the number of bulk (Na-Mg-P-S-Cl-K-Ca) and trace elements (Li-B-F-Si-V-Cr-Mn-Fe-Co-Ni-Cu-Zn-As-Se-Mo-I-W). It originated when the element abundance curve of the living matter and of the universe coincided. By studying the chemical evolution of the solar neighborhood we have obtained the best agreement between the two curves for (4 ± 1)x109 years after the Big Bang. The dust-forming planetary system and stars already contained an excess of L- type amino acids and D- type sugars when incorporated into proteins and primitive organisms. Therefore, the emerging life had to be chiral. Because of the universe's aging, life originated only once.