bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuous surveillance revealing a wide distribution of class I Newcastle disease viruses in China from 2011 to 2020
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Yu Xiaohui , Zheng Dongxia , Zhao Yunling , Lv Yan , Shu Bo , Jiang Wenming , Liu Shuo , Li Jinping , Hou Guangyu , Peng Cheng , Wang Suchun , Yu Jianmin , Li Yang , Liu Hualei
Published: March 2022

The risk-based active surveillance for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was carried out in China from 2011 to 2020. A total of 110,018 swabs were collected from 28 provinces. 2,389 class I NDVs were isolated and identified by RT-PCR and sequencing. The average annual positivity rate of class I NDVs from 2011 to 2020 was 2.17%. In the last 10 years, the positivity rate was highest in 2011 (4.76%), and has since decreased. Most viruses were isolated from chickens, while others were collected from ducks, geese and pigeons, as well as from the environment. The positivity rates for class I NDVs in poultry ranged from 0.55% to 2.40%. The viruses were isolated from 373 sampling sites in 24 provinces, mainly in East, Central, South and Southwest China. The positivity rates of NDVs in wholesale markets (51.58%) and retail markets (42.83%) were much higher than those in poultry farms (7.14%) and slaughterhouses (3.85%). Phylogenetic analyses showed that most isolates belonged to sub-genotype 1.1.2, while only 22 viruses belonged to sub-genotype 1.2, indicating the viruses in sub-genotype 1.1.2 were the predominant strains in China. The F and HN genes of six strains in the two sub-genotypes were sequenced and analyzed. The cleavage sites of F protein in the six viruses were 112ERQER/L117, 112ERQGR/L117 or 112GRQERL117, which were typical of low virulence NDV. Several mutations were identified in the functional domains of F and HN proteins, including fusion peptide, heptad repeat region, transmembrane domains and neutralizing epitopes. This study revealed the distribution, genetic and phylogenetic characteristics of class I NDVs in China, and could help us to better understand the epidemiological context of class I NDVs in China.
Role of globalziation defining the incidence of entrepreneurship
Authors: Ahmad Saleem , Arshed Noman , Salem Sultan , Khan Yousaf Ali , Hameed Kamran , Kam Sanda
Published: March 2022

Globalization boosts the process of market predictions in the pursuit of economic growth. When economic, political, and social forces gain traction by promoting policies and the climate favoring globalization, entrepreneurial results reach out. Policymakers are still searching for a context within which regional policies can be structured to foster long-term entrepreneurship opportunities. The literature on entrepreneurial phenomena is incomplete and uncertain as to how globalization forces establish a nonlinear mechanism to promote the entrepreneurial process. This study provides the basic context for identifying globalization forces to create a nonlinear effect on the entrepreneurial process in order to address this problem. The results propose that policymakers strengthen the social and political dimension of globalization to increase opportunities-based entrepreneurship.
Preliminary study for dose evaluation depending on dose range with optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter considering individual dosimeter sensitivity
Authors: Han Su Chul
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate dose evaluation depending on dose range using optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter (OSLD) and evaluate the possibility of high dose evaluation. This study investigated a commercial OSLD and used a Co-60 gamma irradiator for irradiation. The OSLDs (N = 26) were sampled in total OSLDs (N = 46) depending on the radiation sensitivity for this study. After irradiating doses from 0.5 to 40 Gy at fixed intervals in a standard environment, the dose response of a reference OSLD (N = 5) was determined through the reading process at each dose. The dose-response curves obtained from the reference OSLD were fitted according to the dose. In the dose range below 3 Gy, a linear function was used to determine the relationship between dose and the OSLD response. Quadratic and cubic functions were applied for dose ranges of up to 15 Gy and 40 Gy, respectively. Test OSLDs (N = 21) were evaluated at various doses (2.5 to 30 Gy) using different fitting functions, according to dose ranges. When doses from 0.5 Gy to 3.0 Gy were curve-fitted to the linear function, the relationship was y = 70278.0x − 3125.3 (r2 = 0.999). When doses of up to 15 Gy were curve-fitted to the quadratic function, the relationship was y = 628.6x2 + 70444.6x − 6142.3 (r2 = 0.999). Furthermore, when doses of up to 40 Gy were curve-fitted to the cubic function, the relation was y = −15.5x3 + 527.3x2 + 75059.6x − 16260.3 (r2 = 0.998). Test OSLDs were evaluated for various dose ranges based on the above equation. It was confirmed that the average difference was 0.86 ± 0.27%, and it was evaluated that the largest difference occurred at 30 Gy (2.24 ± 0.24%). In this study, we prove that measurements using the OSLD at various dose ranges, including high doses, will be possible through the application of an in-house software program and a correction process.
Support for PN-EN 61131-3 Standard Data Types in ARM Architecture with Memory Access Restrictions
Authors: Hubacz Marcin , Sadolewski Jan , Trybus Bartosz
Published: March 2022

The article presents the results of research on the handling of data types from the PN-EN 61131-3 standard in systems with ARM architecture. The tests were carried out on several different hardware platforms with the Cortex-M and Cortex-A series as CPUs. The research was carried out on the basis of the CPDev environment for creating and running control software. Due to the limitations of the ARM architecture, three methods of access to memory have been developed, and the results allow to determine the most effective. The article also presents the proposed virtual machine extension with new instructions to make data operations in ARM solutions more efficient.
Implementation of ZKR-1 Wireless Communication Jammer. Presentation of the Results of Research and Development Projects
Authors: Bożek Konrad
Published: March 2022

The article presents two modular radio transmission jamming devices developed by the consortium of Łukasiewicz-PIAP and ITTI sp. z o.o. as part of the project: „Jamming of radio transmission in selected facilities of the Border Guard”. In typical operating conditions the devices ensure effective blocking of radio communication (prevention of information leakage, protection against remote radio detonation of IED) and analysis of the frequency spectrum in the 25 MHz to 5.9 GHz band. Developed jammers are intended for use by professional state services, have a modern user interface and offer the possibility of remote control. The most important parameters and functionalities are characterized, as well as the distinguishing non-standard operating modes are discussed, i.e. the spectrum analysis mode and the responsive jamming mode, which minimizes the negative effects of user’s exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the vicinity of working devices for a long time.
Characterization and Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Al-Zn Based Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Madhu Kodigarahalli Somashekara , Venkatesh Channarayapattana Venkataramaiah , Sharath Ballupete Nagaraju , Karthik Sathyanarayana
Published: March 2022

Hybrid aluminium matrix composites are preferred for structural applications due to their tailored material properties. In the current study, aluminium-7029 alloy with boron carbide (5, 10, and 15 wt%) and a constant weight percentage of graphite (5 wt%) were produced by the stir casting route. Scanning Electron Microscope and X-Ray Diffraction were used to characterize the composites. The cast alloy and hybrid composites were evaluated for physical (density and porosity) and mechanical (hardness, tensile, compressive and impact) properties by experimental and statistical methods. The porosity of the cast samples was minimal (<5%) and the hybrid composite weight decreased (2.4%) with the increase of reinforcements as revealed by the density test. Al7029/15wt%B4C/5wt%Gr (sample C3) hybrid composite hardness (126 BHN) and compressive strength (586.841 MPa) were found to be the best to get the better property with more reinforcement. Tensile (253.455 MPa) and impact strength (7 J) were the highest for the Al7029/5wt%B4C/5wt%Gr (sample C1) hybrid composite. Results obtained by a regression model developed using MINITAB were in good agreement with experimental values. The additions of B4C and Gr were found to improve mechanical properties significantly, as confirmed by analysis of variance.
On the Intermittent Formation of an Ice Bridge (Nunniq) across Roes Welcome Sound, Northwestern Hudson Bay, and Its Use to Local Inuit Hunters
Authors: Babb David G. , Kirillov Sergei , Kuzyk Zou Zou A. , Netser Troy , Liesch Jasmine , Kamula C. Michelle , Zagon Tom , Barber David G. , Ehn Jens K.
Published: March 2022

Ice bridges are unique features that form when sea ice consolidates and remains immobilized within channels. They form in many locations throughout the Arctic and are typically noted for the polynyas that form on their lee side. However, ice bridges also provide a temporary platform that may be used by both humans and wildlife to cross otherwise impassable channels. For generations, Inuit in Coral Harbour, Nunavut, have used an ice bridge to cross Roes Welcome Sound and expand their hunting territory, though they report that the bridge only forms approximately every four years. Of interest both to Inuit and the scientific community is why the bridge forms so intermittently, by what mechanisms, and whether the frequency will change with ongoing warming and sea ice loss. Using satellite imagery, we determined that the bridge formed during 14 of the past 50 years (1971 – 2020). Generally, the bridge forms between January and March, during a cold period that coincides with neap tide, and after surface winds have rotated from the prevailing northerly (along-channel) winds to west-northwesterly (across-channel) winds. This rotation compresses the existing ice pack against Southampton Island, where it remains stationary because of the calm along-channel winds and low tidal range, and coalesces under cold air temperatures. Breakup occurs between mid-June and early July after the onset of melt. Overall, the bridge forms when a specific set of conditions occur simultaneously; however, a warming climate, specifically a reduction in very cold days, and shorter ice season may affect the frequency of bridge formation, thereby limiting Inuit travel.
Preparation and Characterization of Graphene Oxide (Sodium Alginate-g-polyacrylic Acid) Composite: Adsorption Kinetic of Dye Rose Bengal from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Hameed Khitam Abdul Ameer , Radia Nadher D.
Published: March 2022

The composite graphene oxide/(sodium alginate -graft -acrylic acid) GO/ (SA-g-PAAc) was investigated as an adsorbent for rose Bengal (RB)dye. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the produced composite hydrogels (FTIR). Within 120 minutes, It was determined that the adsorption of the (RB) dye onto the surface of the GO/(SA g-PAAc) composite had reached equilibrium. The increased surface area of the composite resulted in a high dye adsorption rate on the surface of the composite. We used a pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order model to investigate the dye adsorption kinetics on the surface of the composite GO/(SA-g-PAAc) and found that they were both accurate. Following the experiments, it was determined that the adsorption process is pseudo-second order.
Morphology of Copper Oxide Nano-Layer Prepared Via Thermal Evaporation Technique
Authors: Qassim Zainab , Al-Ogaili Abdulazeez O. Mousa , Abass Khalid Haneen
Published: March 2022

The copper oxide (CuO) nanofilms which were prepared by thermal evaporation technique was annealed at (200)℃ for one and two hours at thickness (75) nm. The effect of annealing temperature on the structure was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), the particle size ranged from (15.42-35.05) nm. An accurate study for the root mean square and average roughness has been achieved by usage technique of atomic force microscopy (AFM). This paper considered the optical properties of specimens that are obtained through the measuring of absorbance by a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The refractive index showed a decline by increasing the temperature of annealing, while the absorbance was affected positively by the same influencer. The annealing of (200℃) for 2 hours decreased the value of the optical bandgap from 3.3 to 3.05 eV. In obvious, the quantization effect emerging was caused by the acquisition of high values of the energy gap. The absorption and extinction coefficients were directly proportional to the annealing temperature.
Synthesis, Fluorescence and Thermal Properties of Some Benzidine Schiff Base
Authors: Amteghy Ali. H.
Published: March 2022

A series of Schiff bases derived from benzidine and various aromatic aldehydes were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Fluorescence properties of prepared Schiff bases were studied in DMF solution. The thermo kinetic parameters. E, Δ H, Δ S and Δ G were calculated following Coats-Redfern method.
Simulation Study of Perfect Dual Band Microwave Metasurface Absorber
Authors: Albadri Raed Ashraf Kamil , Al-Badri Khalid Saeed Lateef
Published: March 2022

This study presents analytical results using the CST software for a very simple design of an electromagnetic wave absorber with a negative refractive index, a copper circular-shape printed on an insulating layer separating it from a flat ground layer of copper. This design provides two absorption bands with an absorption capacity of 97.55%. This absorption is due to the dipole oscillation. Also, controlling the shape dimensions and thickness of the insulating layer leads to good results in the synthesis of the resonant frequency that contributes to the applications of energy collection and protection from the effects of electromagnetic waves. The results gave the highest value of absorption with dielectric thickness h = 0.5 mm) and by selecting a proper the gap value for g = 0.3 mm. It is also worth noting that the design can be developed to operate in a wide range of frequencies such as microwaves, terahertz, up to optical frequencies, which may contribute to potential applications in many engineering and optical technologies.
Selenium Dioxide Nanoparticles from Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract Induce Apoptosis in Bacterium (Gram-negative, Gram-positive) and Fungi
Authors: Abdullah Omar Fadhil , Abulkarem Saadoo M. , Abad Wedian K.
Published: March 2022

Hibiscus sabdariffa flower extract is used to make environmentally friendly SeO2 nanoparticles. UV-Vis spectra clearly exhibited a plasmon resonance band at 285 nm. FETEM analysis was used to analyze the morphology of SeO2 NPs, The results revealed that the particles dispersed and formed homogenous SeO2 NPs with the spherical shape, and the mean diameters of particles are 3 and 20 nm. The XRD pattern is used to confirm the crystallinity of nanoparticles. The presence of the peaks of Se-O is confirmed by FTIR. The nanoparticles also had antibacterial and antifungal (candida) efficacy against (gram-positive) bacteria. The biosynthesized of SeO2 NPs have the potential application to use in various physical applications, as well as in biomedicine.
Efficiency Evaluation of Optical System Includes Different Stop Apertures When Using Relative Moving Factor
Authors: Hassan Alaa B.
Published: March 2022

In this work, optical system with different aperture shapes (circular, square, elliptical and triangle aperture) has been used for efficiency evaluation when the system involved moving factor in ideal case (aberration free). The optical system evaluate far moving object, therefore the image forming at image plane due to point spread function (image formula of incoherently illuminated point object). A mathematical treatment has been used to getting results by Gaussian numerical calculations method. The results show priority of circular aperture when optical system that submits of moving factor.
Bmi-1 directly upregulates glucose transporter 1 in human gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Guo Ying , Zhou Guangyu , Ma Qingjie , Zhang Li , Chen Jiwei
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to investigate whether and how Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi-1) plays a role in the regulation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). GAC and matched noncancerous tissues were obtained from GAC patients who underwent surgical treatment at the China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University (Changchun, Jilin, China). The human GAC cell line AGS and the gastric epithelial cell line GES-1 were used for in vitro studies. BALB/c nude mice were used for in vivo studies. The Bmi-1 and GLUT1 protein levels were significantly greater in human tissues from GAC patients and AGS cells in comparison with controls. Silencing of Bmi-1 resulted in significant decrease in glucose uptake, lactate levels, and GLUT1 expression. In vivo
18F-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) imaging studies indicated that the nude mice bearing xenografts of AGS cells treated with Bmi-1-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) had a significantly lower maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in comparison with the control mice. Thus, Bmi-1 directly upregulates GLUT1 gene expression, through which it is involved in enhancing glucose uptake in GAC. The results also provide scientific evidence for 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging to evaluate Bmi-1 and glucose uptake in GAC.
Water hammer phenomenon in pumping stations: A stability investigation based on root locus
Authors: Al-Khayat Rasha Hayder , Al-Fatlawi Ali Wadi Abbas , Al-Baghdadi Maher A. R. Sadiq , Al-Waily Muhannad
Published: March 2022

In this article, a numerical model based on site theory is developed to study the stability of a pipeline system consisting of a valve, pipe, and surge tank. In the study, four parameters were studied to see how they impact the water hammer phenomenon. They are the pressure in the pipelines, the velocity of the flow, diameter of the conduit carrying liquid, and the liquid’s density. The equations are programmed, analyzed, and graphed using MATLAB. The stability analysis shows that the force of the water hammer is significant at low frequencies and for large diameters. The high frequency of a particular pipe is affected by the type of material the pipe is made from, the method of installation, and the friction coefficient of the inner surface. High frequencies reduce the impact of water hammer forces. Among the main parameters listed, it is found that the oscillations of liquids of low density are higher in the case of water hammers.
Cross-Frequency Brain Network Dynamics Support Pitch Change Detection
Authors: Samiee Soheila , Vuvan Dominique , Florin Esther , Albouy Philippe , Peretz Isabelle , Baillet Sylvain
Published: March 2022

Processing auditory sequences involves multiple brain networks and is crucial to complex perception associated with music appreciation and speech comprehension. We used time-resolved cortical imaging in a pitch change detection task to detail the underlying nature of human brain network activity, at the rapid time scales of neurophysiology. In response to tone sequence presentation to the participants, we observed slow inter-regional signaling at the pace of tone presentations (2-4 Hz) that was directed from auditory cortex toward both inferior frontal and motor cortices. Symmetrically, motor cortex manifested directed influence onto auditory and inferior frontal cortices via bursts of faster (15-35 Hz) activity. These bursts occurred precisely at the expected latencies of each tone in a sequence. This expression of interdependency between slow/fast neurophysiological activity yielded a form of local cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling in auditory cortex, which strength varied dynamically and peaked when pitch changes were anticipated. We clarified the mechanistic relevance of these observations in relation to behavior by including a group of individuals afflicted by congenital amusia, as a model of altered function in processing sound sequences. In amusia, we found a depression of inter-regional slow signaling toward motor and inferior frontal cortices, and a chronic overexpression of slow/fast phase-amplitude coupling in auditory cortex. These observations are compatible with a misalignment between the respective neurophysiological mechanisms of stimulus encoding and internal predictive signaling, which was absent in controls. In summary, our study provides a functional and mechanistic account of neurophysiological activity for predictive, sequential timing of auditory inputs.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAuditory sequences are processed by extensive brain networks, involving multiple systems. In particular, fronto-temporal brain connections participate in the encoding of sequential auditory events, but so far, their study was limited to static depictions. This study details the nature of oscillatory brain activity involved in these inter-regional interactions in human participants. It demonstrates how directed, polyrhythmic oscillatory interactions between auditory and motor cortical regions provide a functional account for predictive timing of incoming items in an auditory sequence. In addition, we show the functional relevance of these observations in relation to behavior, with data from both normal hearing participants and a rare cohort of individuals afflicted by congenital amusia, which we considered here as a model of altered function in processing sound sequences.
Reading and Modulating Cortical β Bursts from Motor Unit Spiking Activity
Authors: Bräcklein Mario , Barsakcioglu Deren Y. , Del Vecchio Alessandro , Ibáñez Jaime , Farina Dario
Published: March 2022

β Oscillations (13–30 Hz) are ubiquitous in the human motor nervous system. Yet, their origins and roles are unknown. Traditionally, β activity has been treated as a stationary signal. However, recent studies observed that cortical β occurs in “bursting events,” which are transmitted to muscles. This short-lived nature of β events makes it possible to study the main mechanism of β activity found in the muscles in relation to cortical β. Here, we assessed whether muscle β activity mainly results from cortical projections. We ran two experiments in healthy humans of both sexes (N= 15 andN= 13, respectively) to characterize β activity at the cortical and motor unit (MU) levels during isometric contractions of the tibialis anterior muscle. We found that β rhythms observed at the cortical and MU levels are indeed in bursts. These bursts appeared to be time-locked and had comparable average durations (40–80 ms) and rates (approximately three to four bursts per second). To further confirm that cortical and MU β have the same source, we used a novel operant conditioning framework to allow subjects to volitionally modulate MU β. We showed that volitional modulation of β activity at the MU level was possible with minimal subject learning and was paralleled by similar changes in cortical β activity. These results support the hypothesis that MU β mainly results from cortical projections. Moreover, they demonstrate the possibility to decode cortical β activity from MU recordings, with a potential translation to future neural interfaces that use peripheral information to identify and modulate activity in the central nervous system.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe show for the first time that β activity in motor unit (MU) populations occurs in bursting events. These bursts observed in the output of the spinal cord appear to be time-locked and share similar characteristics of β activity at the cortical level, such as the duration and rate at which they occur. Moreover, when subjects were exposed to a novel operant conditioning paradigm and modulated MU β activity, cortical β activity changed in a similar way as peripheral β. These results provide evidence for a strong correspondence between cortical and peripheral β activity, demonstrating the cortical origin of peripheral β and opening the pathway for a new generation of neural interfaces.
Genetic Algorithm for Sensitivity Analysis of Automobile Hood Four-bar Mechanism Synthesis Using Motion Generation
Authors: M. AL-Smadi Yahia , Aburmaileh Yusra , Russel Kevin , Sodhi Rajpal
Published: March 2022

In four-bar motion generation, linkage dimensions are calculated to achieve prescribed coupler positions. This work investigates the sensitivity of four-bar coupler motion sequences by analyzing position error margins and implementing a genetic algorithm (GA) for four-bar motion generation. As an application, the four-bar hood mechanism in the Plymouth Satellite mid-size automobile is considered. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that the mean average structural error between the prescribed and achieved hood positions is less than 0.015in for any quadratic analysis. In each demonstration, the proposed method consistently produced results that are scalable for 360° within a margin error of 0.06in.
Evaluations of Aluminum Tri-Hydroxide and Pristine Montmorillonite in Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer for Vehicle Components
Authors: Kaleg Sunarto , Budiman Alexander Christantho , Hapid Abdul , Amin  , Muharam Aam , Sudirja  , Ariawan Dody , Diharjo Kuncoro
Published: March 2022

One of the safety requirements for the vehicle components is in terms of the flammability factor. Generally, the polymer material used for vehicle components is Unsaturated Polyester (UP). Unfortunately, this material is highly flammable. The addition of Aluminum Tri-Hydroxide (ATH) to UP is known to improve its flame retardancy, but its material strength is compromised. Moreover, the use of pristine Montmorillonite (MMT) rather than the commonly used organomodified MMT as a mixture to the ATH results in different material characteristics that could potentially minimise such a reduction of material strength. This manuscript discusses the combination of ATH and MMT in Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composites, specifically in terms of mechanical properties and flame retardancy. The increase of ATH content to UP decreases the flexural strength of GFRP, ranging from 34.3% to 63.4% lower than the neat GFRP. A slight increase of flexural strength is found in samples with ATH and MMT combinations (CA45M15), indicating that the addition of MMT does not dramatically change the flexural strength of GFRP. However, the addition of filler ATH, MMT, or a combination of both could increase the flame retardancy of GFRP. The addition of ATH leads to a slight increase of the UP initial temperature of decomposition, while the addition of MMT shows almost no notable differences. The flammability test shows that the additions of ATH, MMT or their combinations tend to decrease the rate of linear burning. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ATH and MMT could effectively improve the flame retardancy of GFRP.
Sensitivity Identification of Low-Frequency Cantilever Fibre Bragg Grating Accelerometer using Cascade-Forward Backpropagation Neural Network
Authors: Hassan Mohd Firdaus , Khalid Nor Syukriah , M.R. Rahim
Published: March 2022

The frequency-dependent issues and instrumentation requirement for FBG sensors necessitate the identification of the sensitivity of the cantilever FBG accelerometer using machine learning. As result, this article presents a cascade-forward backpropagation (CFB) neural network with an orthogonally-phase chirp signal with a range of constant forcing frequency and steadily increasing base acceleration amplitude as its input. This input/output data set was numerically calculated by integrating modal model and Euler-Bernoulli beam approach (FBG-MM). The maximum amplitude of the base acceleration was 200 m/s2 and the forcing frequencies and location of the FBG sensor mounted on the beam measured from the fixed end were 1 to 90 Hz and 0.03 m, respectively. The trained CFB predicted the wavelength shift very well, but it was restricted to one-half of the forcing frequencies of those used in the CFB training process, whereas the base acceleration is not an important element in determining the sensitivity of the FBG accelerometer. In terms of the FBG sensor’s location on the beam, considering a few positions will greatly expand the CFB’s capabilities. Future work will include the use of the trained CFB as  “black-box sensitivity” for actual acceleration measurement, as well as the use of empirical data to replace the numerical FBG-MM as the input/output training data set.
Performance Comparison Between Predictive Functional Control and PID Algorithms for Automobile Cruise Control System
Authors: M.A.S. Zainuddin  , Abdullah Muhammad , S. Ahmad  , K.A. Tofrowaih
Published: March 2022

This work presents a performance comparison between a Predictive Functional Control (PFC) and a traditional Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller specifically for a cruise control application. The tuning efficacy, constraints handling, and disturbance rejection features of both controllers are analysed by comparing their closed-loop response. A simplified nonlinear vehicle longitudinal dynamics model is derived and utilised as a plant to simulate the control response from a real car. For a fair comparison, both PFC and PID are tuned to achieve the similar desired closed-loop time response. Qualitatively, the results show that PFC provides a better closed-loop response, constraints handling, and disturbance rejection compared to PID. Besides, it is also found that the tuning approach of PFC is more intuitive and practical in nature which can be very handy for the future development of an autonomous cruise control application.
Modeling of Crashworthiness Criteria based on Variation of Hole as Crush Initiator in Thin-Walled Square
Authors: Dionisius Felix , Istiyanto Jos , Sumarsono Danardono Agus , Prayogo Gatot , Baskoro Ario Sunar , Malawat Mohammad
Published: March 2022

Crashworthiness is the ability to protect its occupant by absorbing the energy of impact during a collision. A crush initiator is one way to increase crashworthiness criteria at collision. The most widely applied crush initiator applications are holes, wall thickness reduction, grooves, notch, bead and corrugated. This study discussed making a functional model from the crashworthiness criteria which is known by CFE and SEA. Variable used variations of the crush initiator in the form of circular holes with different rotation angles and diameters. The rotation angle referred to in this study was 2 holes which are rotated based on the midpoint of the hole distance to the radial axis of the hole. The crush initiator was placed in a square column at each side with steel material. Besides, the wall thickness variable was added which can increase the energy absorption during a collision. The method used numerical simulation and experimental dynamic loading. The numerical simulation used the explicit finite element method by using ESI PAM-Crash. Both methods used the drop test model by using impact transferability. Impact transferability was rigid which was used to transfer impact loading during impact conditions. Experimental was used to validate the function model which was obtained through the least square method with sampling from numerical simulations. The results showed the same patterns produced by the functional and experimental models using the Taguchi method (L9) with 3 runs. The maximum of this pattern is 23% for CFE and 17% for SEA. Meanwhile, the average error of the S/N ratio shows 8.77% for CFE and 2.16% for SEA. This model function could be used by a crashworthy designer to estimate the value of CFE and SEA.
Strategies of Finite Element Modeling for Spot Welded Joints and its Modal Correlation with Experimental Data
Authors: N.A.Z. Abdullah  , M.N.A.M. Asri  , Mohd Sani Mohd Shahrir
Published: March 2022

In building many complex engineering structures, there are many types of joining methods such as welding and fasteners that can be implemented. Modeling for joints in finite elements can be challenging as it sometimes has limiting factors that cause the prediction of the dynamic behaviour of the actual joints to be less accurate. This study aims to demonstrated several approaches of finite element modeling for spot-welded joints ad to analyse its accuracy through the correlation of modal data from experimental modal analysis. These modeling approaches are created by creating and manipulating the elements at the associated location of the spot weld joint on a top-hat beam structure. Four different approaches of spot weld modeling that uses the modeling strategies performed in other studies were created. The spot weld models are validated by comparing the modal properties of the tested structure which are obtained through finite element analysis and experiments. Model updating was performed on all models in order to observe the ability of model improvement in those different modelling approaches. The findings show that the model that uses solid elements has the lowest error compared to the model that uses beam elements. The model that uses multiple-beam elements shows the ability to be improved the most. The model that uses the simplest modeling approach using a single beam has the highest error and shows the lowest improvement after model updating. It was found that solid element is more suitable to model spot weld and the application of solid element for spot weld joints should be investigated in more types of analyses.
Estimating the ship traffic in the Istanbul Strait through economic growth of region countries
Authors: Açık Abdullah , Atacan Can
Published: March 2022

The current study predicts the future course of ships passing through the İstanbul Strait. In this direction, considering that the world economy is the biggest factor in the demand for maritime transport, the relationship between the GDPs and trade volumes of the Black Sea states, and ship traffic is analyzed using regression estimation in two separate models. The included countries are Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey and Ukraine. Then, considering the growth forecasts published by the IMF for the relevant states, it was estimated how much an increase in traffic would be in 2026 compared to 2020. Considering the coefficients obtained from the two models, in 2026, the GDP model proposes a 20.02% increase, and the trade volume model proposes a 28.8% increase in ship tonnage passing the strait. These results reveal the importance and necessity of strategies and projects developed to regulate the rise in strait traffic.
Investigation of the effects of consumers' attitudes towards social media advertisements on their purchasing behaviours
Authors: Sarıoğlu Cüneyd İkbal
Published: March 2022

Today, brands and businesses widely use social media ads to reach targeted customers. Therefore, examining the effect of social media advertisements on consumers' purchasing decisions stands out as an essential research topic. For this reason, it is crucial to reveal the factors that are effective in the purchasing behaviour of consumers in advertisements made on social media. In the light of these facts, effects of the ad credibility, perceived personalisation, ethics of social media advertising, attitude towards social media advertising variables on social shopping intention and the moderating effects of gender, age and educational status were examined. The research gathered data from 421 individuals living in Kocaeli via a questionnaire technique, and the obtained data were analysed using hierarchical regression tests. Findings of the analysis indicate that ad credibility, ethics of social media advertising and attitude towards social media advertising positively affect social shopping intention. Furthermore, age was found to have a moderating role between social shopping intention and ethics of social media advertising and attitude towards social media advertising. In contrast, educational status was found to have a moderating role between social shopping intention and ad credibility and attitude towards social media advertising. This study is expected to clarify the factors for the social shopping intention with demographic differences.
İkinci mertebe doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile retro ürün tercihinde etkili olan unsurların belirlenmesi
Authors: Menteş Nurettin , Şengün Halil İbrahim
Published: March 2022

Retro pazarlama son yıllarda ilgi gören bir pazarlama yöntemi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Geçmişe duyulan özlem son yıllarda sık dillendirildiği için geçmişe ait ürünler de haliyle gündeme gelmeye başladı. Buna bağlı olarak retro pazarlama konusu da literatürde yerini bulmuştur. Fakat yeni sayılabilecek bir konu olduğundan farklı boyutlarıyla, daha farklı değişkenlerle birlikte ele alınmaya muhtaç bir konudur.  Mal ve hizmetlerin günümüze uyarlanarak yeniden pazara sunulması literatürde Retro pazarlama olarak yer almaktadır.  Bu çalışmada retro pazarlamanın bir boyutu olan retro ürün konusunda tüketicilerin tercih nedenleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.  Bu amaç doğrultusunda 500 katılımcıyla yüz yüze anket yapılmıştır. Verilerin analizi için SPSS ve AMOS paket programları kullanılmıştır. Çalışma için gizil değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri ortaya koymak adına ikinci mertebe doğrulayıcı faktör analizi kullanılmıştır. Ölçüm modelleri için sıklıkla kullanılan bir yöntem olan doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, gizil değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek için elverişli bir çeşit yapısal eşitlik modellemesidir. Çalışmada öncelikle açıklayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Açıklayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda retro ürün tercihinde etkili olan altı alt boyut tespit edilmiştir. Bu alt boyutlar; Retro Ürün Kalitesi ve Performansına olan İnanç, Geçmişe Duyulan Özlem, Retro Ürün Bağlılığı, Retro Ürün’ün Kişide Yarattığı (Bıraktığı) Olumlu Etki, Retro Ürün Fiyatı, Retro Ürün’ün Toplumsal İmajı olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma eski bir marka ya da ürünü yeniden piyasaya sunmak isteyen firmalara öngörü sağlamada yardımcı olacaktır. Okuyucular, eski ürünlerin hangi yönlerinin ön plana çıkarılması durumunda tüketiciler tarafından tercih edileceği noktasında önsel bir bilgi sahibi olacaklardır.
Tüketici düşmanlığı ve tüketici boykotlarına katılma niyeti ilişkisi: Tüketici etnosentrizminin aracı etkisi
Authors: Yener Dursun
Published: March 2022

Tüketici boykotları pazarlama literatüründe önemli bir yere sahiptir. Tüketicilerin satın alma güçlerini kullanarak işletmelerden taleplerini yerine getirmeleri için kolektif olarak hareket etmeleri anlamına gelmektedir. Tüketicilerin boykotlara katılımını etkileyen birçok faktör bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada tüketici düşmanlığının boykotlara katılım niyeti üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca değişkenler arasındaki ilişkide tüketici etnosentrizminin aracı rolü incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın örnek kütlesi, İstanbul’da yaşayan 18 yaşından büyük ve en az bir defa bir tüketici boykotuna katılmış toplam 967 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Veriler, kapalı uçlu sorulardan oluşan bir araştırma formu ile yüz yüze şekilde toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS ve Jamovi yazılımları kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre tüketici düşmanlığı, tüketicilerin boykotlara katılım niyeti üzerinde pozitif bir etkiye sahiptir. Tüketici etnosentrizmi de aynı şekilde boykotlara katılım niyetini pozitif olarak etkilemektedir. Aracı etki olarak tüketici etnosentrizminin tam aracılık etkisine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Los videos tutoriales para el fortalecimiento del razonamiento matemático en la escuela rural
Authors: Rodríguez Flórez William Alexander
Published: March 2022

El presente artículo está basado en un trabajo de investigación cuyo objetivo fue fortalecer la competencia de razonamiento matemático desde el pensamiento espacial y sistemas geométricos en estudiantes del grado quinto en una sede educativa del sector rural por medio de secuencias didácticas apoyadas con videos tutoriales que ayudaron a mejorar los desempeños para un aprendizaje significativo.  El enfoque del proyecto fue cualitativo con un diseño de investigación acción, como técnicas se emplearon la observación participante, pruebas diagnósticas, desarrollo de secuencias didácticas como evidencia de la producción de los estudiantes, diario de campo y prueba final. Las pruebas tanto diagnostica como final permitieron evaluar el nivel de desempeño de los estudiantes del grado quinto en el área de matemáticas, específicamente en el pensamiento espacial y sistemas geométricos, fue de gran interés conocer la teoría de Ausubel para fortalecer el aprendizaje significativo y la estructura que plantea Tobón para la construcción de secuencias didácticas las cuales ayudaron a mejorar los desempeños en el área.
Effects of the Current Japanese Guideline for Dedicated, Intensive Lipid-lowering Therapy on Lipid Profile and Coronary Events in Patients After Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Yamada Ryotaro , Kume Teruyoshi , Okamoto Hiroshi , Yamashita Masahiro , Koto Satoshi , Kamisaka Kyo , Sasahira Yoshitaka , Sudo Yasuyuki , Enzan Ayano , Tamada Tomoko , Koyama Terumasa , Imai Koichiro , Nishi Takeshi , Neishi Yoji , Uemura Shiro
Published: March 2022

Background: Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) still have high rates of recurrent adverse cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of changes in the Japan Atherosclerosis Society Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases for intensive lipid-lowering therapy on the prescription status, lipid profile and clinical outcomes among Japanese patients with ACS. Methods: Data were retrospectively analysed for 283 consecutive patients with de novo ACS who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention and received follow-up coronary angiography between January 2012 and September 2019. Patients were divided into two groups according to the to onset of ACS relative to the guideline update – before (Group 1; n=182) and after (Group 2; n=101). Changes in prescription status, lipid profile and clinical outcomes (composite of cardiac death and non-fatal MI, coronary events from culprit and non-culprit lesions) were evaluated. Results: Post-treatment LDL concentrations were significantly lower in Group 2, but target LDL concentrations of <1.81 mmol/l were only achieved in 58.4% of patients. In Group 2, 85% of patients who received combination high-intensity statin/ezetimibe therapy achieved the target LDL. After propensity score matching, the incidence of coronary events from non-culprit lesions was significantly lower in Group 2 than Group 1 (3.0% versus 19.4%, respectively; p<0.01). Cox model analysis showed that the guideline update resulted in a lower rate of events from non-culprit lesions (HR 0.50; 95% CI [0.33–0.75]). Conclusion: The introduction of new guidelines improved the prescription status and lipid profile in ACS patients. Guideline-recommended more intensive lipid-lowering therapy may decrease events from non-culprit lesions in ACS patients.
The withdrawal-related affective, gaming urge, and anhedonia symptoms of internet gaming disorder during abstinence
Authors: Yen Ju-Yu , Lin Pai-Cheng , Wu Hung-Chi , Ko Chih-Hung
Published: March 2022

Aim

The study explores IGD withdrawal-related presentations, including autonomic reaction, affective symptoms, anhedonia, and gaming urge during abstinence from gaming. We prospectively evaluated these withdrawal-related symptoms (WRS) and gaming craving during abstinence from gaming.

Methods

We examined 69 individuals with IGD and 69 regular gamers and evaluated their WRS (using an exploratory questionnaire), affective and behavioral WRS (using the Questionnaire on Gaming Urge-Brief Version gaming disorder questionnaire), and heart rate. All the participants attempted to abstain from gaming before our assessment. Subsequently, some participants’ WRS and gaming craving before they engaged in gaming were prospectively evaluated.

Results

In the IGD group, 85.5% experienced gaming WRS, including affective, anhedonia, and gaming urge symptoms. They could relieve these symptoms through gaming. The IGD group experienced more severe gaming WRS, gaming craving, and a higher heart rate than the regular gamer group. Gaming urge was most associated WRS of IGD. Participants with IGD experienced more severe gaming cravings when their gaming abstinence before the assessment was shorter. WRS attenuated at night and the following morning when they maintained their gaming abstinence after assessment.

Conclusion

Individuals with IGD experience withdrawal-related affective, anhedonia, and gaming urge symptoms and a higher heart rate during abstinence. The WRS attenuated in 1 day. Most participants agreed that these symptoms could be relieved through gaming. Further prospective evaluation by objective assessment in an adequate sample was required to understand gaming withdrawal symptoms comprehensively.
Formal language assessment in low-educated persons with aphasia: can the lesion effect be distinguished from the education effect?
Authors: MEDEIROS Natalia Malagueta de , ORTIZ Karin Zazo
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Background: Language tests are important in the assessment and follow up of people with aphasia (PWA). However, language assessment in the low literacy population is still a challenge. Objective: To investigate whether a formal evaluation of aphasia is able to distinguish the neurological effect from the effect of low educational level in people with post-stroke aphasia. Methods: The sample consisted of a group of 30 aphasic subjects (AG) and a control group (CG) of 36 individuals, both with an educational level of 1-4 years. The Brazilian Montreal-Toulouse Language Assessment battery was applied to all subjects. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the groups in 19 out of the 20 tasks analyzed. Conclusions: These results suggest that formal evaluation procedures are able to detect language disorders resulting from stroke, even in subjects with low educational level.
Response of ‘Prata anã’ banana to post-harvest phosphite application
Authors: Rodrigues Maria Luísa Mendes , Mizobutsi Edson Hiydu , Aguiar Flávia Soares , Pinheiro Juceliandy Mendes da Silva , Lage Gabriel Gustavo Alves , Mizobutsi Gisele Polete
Published: March 2022

Abstract The objective of the present study was to determine the best phosphite source and concentration to control anthracnose and its effects on the physical and chemical characteristics of ‘Prata-anã’ banana. Bouquets of banana fruits were immersed in solutions containing different formulations of copper phosphite FCu1 (4% Cu + 20% P2O5), FCu2 (4% Cu + 22% P2O5) at concentrations of 0.5; 1.0, 1.5- and 2.0-mL L-1 and potassium phosphite FK (42% P2O5 + 27.7% K2O) at concentrations of 0.5; 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg L-1. Controls consisted of the application of pure water and Imazalil application (0.5 mL. L-1). Subsequently, anthracnose incidence and severity were evaluated every three days. The physical and chemical characteristics of fruits were evaluated at the end of the anthracnose intensity evaluation. The experimental design used was completely randomized. The results showed that the different phosphite sources FCu1, FCu2 and FK at the concentrations tested were not effective in controlling anthracnose. The physical and chemical characteristics of fruits were influenced by the different phosphite sources and concentrations applied. Fresh fruit mass loss is proportional to the applied phosphite concentration.