bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BUSINESS CONDITIONS REGIONAL ANALYSIS WITH A REFERENCE TO POTENTIALS IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF SERBIA
Authors: Mitrović Đorđe , Manić Emilija , Ivanović Slobodan
Published: February 2022

Purpose – Tourism is one of the fastest-growing sectors in the world, and many developing countries saw it as the chance of economic development accelerating. However, tourism potential is different among countries as well as within one country. The scope of this paper is to reveal the regional differences in business conditions considering tourism development in Serbia. Methodology – Instead of using a wide number of different individual indicators measuring regions’ tourism performances, it is more appropriate to use one composite indicator for depicting complex issues in regional tourism development - a composite index was developed using Data Envelopment Analysis. Data Envelopment Analysis is a sort of methodology that constructs an ‘efficiency frontier’ based on each region’s individual data using mathematical linear programming. It determines the best practice by measuring the relative position of each of the regions in terms of the value of the set of observed indicators. Such presentation of the existing region’s development in the tourism field and recommendations for possible improvement are clearer to the general public and non-scientific audience. The composite index is calculated as the weighted sum of the corresponding individual indicators, where the weights are endogenously determined by mathematical linear programming to obtain the maximum possible value. Findings – The results of DEA showed which parts of Serbia have the best business conditions for tourism development, considering the different factors (regional development index and subindexes). The results have been contrasted to chosen tourism statistics on the regional level, with a reference to the limitations during the research process. The proposed composite index is used to point the differences in regional business conditions which could be further influenced by government policies to tackle the specificities and needs of each separate region during tourism development. Contribution – DEA is a known methodology in regional development analysis, but it hasn’t been so much used in business conditions regional analysis before. Having different indicators which shaped business climate within one region, using DEA one tried to analyze the entrepreneurship possibilities with a spatial reference to the tourism development. This is an important contribution in the context of local economic and social development especially within poorly developed regions in Serbia
SENTIMENT ANALYSIS AND MULTIMODAL APPROACH APPLIED TO SOCIAL MEDIA CONTENT IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
Authors: Mušanović Jelena , Folgieri Raffaella , Gregorić Maja
Published: February 2022

Purpose – The importance of the "data gold rush" that occurs in real time on various social media platforms is recognized by various tourism stakeholders and researcher. To extract knowledge from textual data, the purpose of this study is to apply text mining techniques to social media data. Methodology – Descriptive statistical analysis is conducted to quantify the activity of hotel brands on Facebook. The topic modelling technique Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is used to extract and validate knowledge from text data of 25 Croatian four- and five- star hotel brands that were active on social media in 2019. Sentiment analysis is used to identify personal attitudes expressed through user-generated text that hotel brands promote by posting messages on Facebook pages. Findings – The LDA analysis of the Croatian hotel posts extracted 6 topics: Wellbeing, Atmosphere, Promotion, Gastronomy, Surrounding and Satisfaction. The results of the sentiment analysis indicated that Facebook page followers are more likely to express positive sentiments reflecting an overall satisfaction with the promoted products, services and staff by hotel brands. Contribution – It is a unique study that provides an analysis of textual data in Croatian hospitality research. The application of the multimodal approach contributes to a better uses of contents in possible different strategies so that effective indicators can be given to perform an effective communication. This study provides recommendations, challenges, and current insights into applied communication strategies for marketers to increase a greater number of tourists visiting destinations.
MEASURING STUDENTS' MEMORABLE CONFERENCE EXPERIENCE AND BEHAVIOURAL INTENTIONS
Authors: Rašan Dora , Laškarin Ažić Marina
Published: February 2022

Purpose – Hosting conferences has always been of crucial importance for the development of the pre and post-seasons of some destinations in Croatia. Considering that students are becoming the most frequent conference participants, the authors recognized the need to measure their memorable conference experience (MCE). Methodology – To this aim, a questionnaire was created, based on the relevant scientific literature, and distributed online and onsite. Research was conducted among 108 students of the Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management in Opatija. Findings – This research examines key factors in creating MCEs for students, who could recall their previous memorable conference experience. Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed first, followed by the hierarchical clustering method and regression analysis to determine significant clusters among participants and their influence on behavioural intention. The results indicate that affectively loyal participants are more likely to show their behavioural intention, in comparison with affectively non-loyal participants. Contribution – The findings suggest essential implications for the tourism experience theory and for future conference organizing committeeswell.
Comparative Analysis on the Effect of Surface Reflectance for Laser 3D Scanner Calibrator
Authors: Ou Jia , Xu Tingfa , Gan Xiaochuan , He Xuejun , Li Yan , Qu Jiansu , Zhang Wei , Cai Cunliang
Published: February 2022

Abstract: The calibrator is one of the most important factors in the calibration of various laser 3D scanning instruments. The requirements for diffuse reflection surface are specially emphasized in many national standards. In this study, the spherical calibrator and plane calibrator compara-tive measurement experiments were carried out. The black ceramic standard sphere, white ce-ramic standard sphere, metal standard sphere, metal standard plane and white ceramic standard plane were used to test the laser 3D scanner. In the spherical calibrators comparative measure-ment experiments, the results indicated that the RMS of the white ceramic spherical calibrator with reflectance about 60% is 10 times that of the metal spherical calibrator with the reflectance of about 15%, and the RMS of the black ceramic spherical calibrator with reflectance of about 11% is of the same order as the metal spherical calibrator. In the plane calibrators comparative measurement experiments, the RMS of flatness measurement is 0.077 mm for metal plane cali-brator with reflectance of 15%, and 2.915 mm for ceramic plane calibrator with reflectance of 60%. The results show that when the optimal measurement distance and incident angle are selected, the reflectance of the calibrator has a great effect on the measurement results, regardless of the outlines or profiles. Based on the experiments, it is recommended to use the spherical calibrator or the standard plane with reflectance of around 18% as the standard, which can obtain the rea-sonable results. In addition, it is necessary to clearly provide the material category and surface reflectance information of the standard when calibrating the scanner according to the measure-ment standard.
Does Leptin Cause Proximal Gastric Cancer in the Obese? The role of Serum Leptin in the Etiology of Proximal Gastric Cancer
Authors: Jagric Tomaz , Hladnik Gaja , Kolaric Rok , Dugonik Marjeta , Homsak Evgenija
Published: February 2022

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the correlation between obesity, serum levels of leptin and proximal gastric cancer. Methods: Sixty-four gastric cancer patients operated on with curative intent were included in the study. We determined the correlation between the preoperative serum levels of leptin and the tumor`s location. Results: Serum leptin levels were correlated significantly with the proximal third location (p = 0.04), gastric outlet obstructing tumors (p < 0.0001), CRP levels (p = 0.03) and BMI (p < 0.0001). Patients with high serum levels of leptin had significantly more intestinal types of gastric cancer (p = 0.033) and better differentiation compared to patients with low serum leptin levels (p = 0.009). The linear regression model determined the proximal tumor location (beta: 0.467; p = 0.045), BMI (beta: 0.657; p = 0.001), high preoperative serum albumin (beta: 0.563; p = 0.016) and the presence of pyloric stenosis (beta: 0.525; p = 0.006) as related significantly to serum leptin levels. The Cox proportional hazard model identified age (HR: 0.003; 95%CI: 0-0.794; p = 0.041), preoperative serum levels of leptin (HR: 0.125; 95%CI: 0.018-0.887; p = 0.037) and the number of extracted LNs (HR: 0.001; 95%CI: 0-0.677; p = 0.038) as independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: Serum levels of leptin were significantly elevated in patients with proximal gastric cancer, suggesting that the leptin`s effect might be due to its systemic secretion. This might explain the higher incidence of proximal gastric cancer in obese patients. Elevated serum leptin levels were an independent prognostic factor.
Progress in Antimalarial Drug Discovery and Development: Obstructions and Opportunities
Authors: Naaz Rukshi
Published: February 2022

Mosquitoes conveying Plasmodium store parasites into the skin of the mammalian host. Parasites make a trip through the circulation system to the liver, where they cross a few hepatocytes prior to building up a disease. Inside the last hepatocyte the parasite goes through morphogenesis and afterward abiogenetically partitions to become more than 20,000 blood-infective parasites, called merozoites. On account of P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. cynomolgi, the parasites can stay lethargic in the liver in structures called hypnozoites. The merozoites are delivered once again into the circulation system, where they start the repetitive blood stage. Inside erythrocytes, a little division of parasites separate into male or female gametocytes. These gametocytes are ingested by the mosquito during blood taking care of, where they will duplicate explicitly, in the long run prompting the arrangement of sporozoites
Numerical Analysis of the Characteristics of the Heat Treatment Process of Multilayer Composite Products in Heat Technology Installations
Authors: Romaniuk V. N. , Niyakovskii A. M. , Chichko A. N. , Yatskevich Yu. V. , Ryzhova Т. N.
Published: February 2022

. The results of numerical studies carried out on the basis on a mathematical model developed by the authors of this paper devoted to the investigation of the influence of various factors on the characteristics of the process of heat treatment of composite products in industrial heat technology installations in the presence of internal heat emissions distributed over the volume of individual layers of the product are presented. The formulation of boundary conditions for this model is proposed, considering the multilayer structure of products and the peculiar properties of the organization of their heat treatment process in a heat technology installation. A detailed description of the mathematical model was presented in the previous works. In this study, the functions of temperature distribution and the coefficient (degree) of hydration in the spatial regions that make up the product have been studied as characteristics of the heat treatment process. Model composite products of the same shape and structure but of different volume, consisting of two layers of material in which an exothermic hydration reaction takes place separated by a layer of expanded polystyrene were considered. The temperature-time regime of heat treatment was assumed to be close to that used in industrial conditions in the production of three-layer external wall panels. The boundary and initial conditions corresponded to the conditions of heat treatment on flat stands with water heating and sheltering products from above. It has been determined that the presence of a thermal insulation layer in the core of the product separating the layers that have an internal heat source, changes the distribution of temperature values and the hydration coefficient in the upper and lower layers significantly. An increase in the characteristic volume of the product leads to an increase in the influence of internal volumetric heat release on the processes of heating and hydration, while heat release caused by the course of the hydration reaction begins to have a decisive influence on them.
Calculation of Start-Up Time of Passive Catalytic Hydrogen Recombiner of Localization Safety System of a Nuclear Power Plant Equipped with VVER
Authors: Sorokin V. V.
Published: February 2022

The hydrogen removal system ensures hydrogen safety. At a VVER nuclear power plant, it consists of passive catalytic hydrogen recombiners. The calculation of devices is of great importance for safety justification, since the complex conditions of an accident at a power unit are not reproducible in experiments. The recombiner consists of a casing and a cassette with catalytic elements, the design of which ensures the passage of a gaseous medium through the device. Upon contact with the catalyst, a chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen compounds occurs, accompanied by the release of heat; as a result, the concentration of hydrogen under the shell decreases. The problem is starting from a cold state since the activity of the cold catalyst is low, and the thrust is not observed until the catalyst is heated and a column of warm gas is formed inside the device. The transition from the cold state to the working state takes a certain time, during which the recombiner performance is below nominal. The start-up time is a parameter that is important in terms of safety. The article calculates the start-up time of a hydrogen recombiner with a catalytic block in the form of equidistant parallel catalytic plates. Local cross-sectional averages and transmission coefficients are used, the latter taking into account the influence of free convection and chemical reaction. The gas velocity is determined by the balance of buoyant and resistance forces. The calculated data and the data known from the scientific and technical literature coincide satisfactorily. As a conservative estimate of the start-up time of the recombiner, it is recommended to use the value of 300 s. An increase in temperature practically does not affect the start of the recombiner with an active catalyst, an increase in the concentration of hydrogen accelerates the start, and a decrease in pressure slows it down. The results obtained in the study can be used in the justification of the safety of VVER nuclear power plants and the examination of reports on the justification of the safety of power units.
Formation Time and Material Source of Carbonate Cements in Permian Sandstone in the Ordos Basin, Western of China
Authors: Lyu Chengfu , Zhang Ying , Fan Liyong , Li Taotao , Zhou Qianshan , Li Chao , Sun Zhaotong , Gao Xue
Published: February 2022

Carbonate cements are an important type of cement in Permian tight gas reservoirs in the Ordos Basin. Moreover, the distribution of carbonate cements in sandstone provides an important basis for studying the fluid mechanism and genesis of cements and a scientific basis for investigating the physical properties of reservoirs and the underground distribution of oil and gas. Based on the observations of thin sections and temperature measurements of fluid inclusions, this study concludes that the carbonate cements in the study area are dominated by calcite and ferrous calcite and divided into three phases, where the latter two phases are dominant. The material source of carbonate cements is obtained via the thermal simulations of gold tubes in source rocks, temperature of fluid inclusions in carbonate cements, composition of fluid inclusions in quartz overgrowth, and analysis of carbon and oxygen isotopes. Results show that phase I calcite may be directly precipitated from the supersaturation of pore water by Ca2+ and CO32−. The CO32− in the phase II calcite and ferrous calcite stems from the CO2 generated in the hydrocarbon generation process of organic matter, while the CO32− in phase III calcite stems from the CO2 generated in the decarboxylation of organic acids. Ca2+ is derived from the dissolution of early carbonate cements in sandstone and conversion of smectite into illite in mudstone. The Permian sandstone in the Yishan Slope at the center of the basin is close to the source rock, and the carbon isotopic value of the carbonate cements, which is dominated by organic carbon, ranges between −7.5‰ and −19.0‰. However, the Permian sandstone in the Tianhuan Depression at the edge of the basin is far away from the source rock, with its carbon isotope value ranging from −5.9‰ to −8.7‰, which is probably due to the insufficient supply of organic carbon and a small amount of early inorganic CO2 remains in the reservoir.
A Rockburst Proneness Evaluation Method Based on Multidimensional Cloud Model Improved by Control Variable Method and Rockburst Database
Authors: Wang Jiong , Liu Peng , Ma Lei , He Manchao
Published: February 2022

Rockbursts are common geological disasters in underground engineering, and rockburst proneness evaluation is an important research subject. In this study, a multidimensional cloud model was used to evaluate the rockburst proneness level, and the control variable method was used to establish 15 multidimensional cloud (MC) models. The key factors affecting the accuracy of multidimensional cloud model evaluation are numerical characteristics, weight, and normalization methods. The optimal numerical characteristics calculation method of a multidimensional cloud model was determined, and an improved CRITIC (IC) weight method was optimised by introducing the relative standard deviation and an improved quantisation coefficient. Six rockburst indexes were used as input for the multidimensional cloud model, including the elastic deformation energy index Wet, maximum tangential stress σθMPa of a cavern, uniaxial compressive strength σcMPa, uniaxial tensile strength στMPa, strength brittleness coefficient B1=σc/στ, and stress coefficient σθ/σc. The model was used to learn 271 groups of complete rockburst cases, and the MC-IC rockburst proneness evaluation method was established. The performance of the proposed MC-IC rockburst proneness method was verified by an 8-fold cross-validation and confusion matrix (precision, recall, F1). The method was tested to evaluate 20 groups of rockburst cases from the Jiangbian Hydropower Station, and the accuracy reaches 95%. The evaluation results were compared with three empirical criteria: four cloud-based methods, three unsupervised learning methods, and four supervised learning methods; the accuracy of the method established in this paper is 93.33%. The results showed that the MC-IC method had an excellent performance in evaluating rockburst proneness and can provide a practical basis for identifying rockburst hazard areas in deep engineering.
Geophysical Characterization of Mining-Induced Complex Geological Deformations in a Deep Coalmine
Authors: Khan Majid , Xueqiu He , Farid Asam , Jianqiang Chen , Honglei Wang , Dazhao Song , Chao Zhou
Published: February 2022

In this paper, a new way of characterizing the mining-driven complex geological deformations is presented by utilizing a continuous real-time microseismic (MS) data acquired through passive seismological monitoring. The data was processed, and the source parameters were computed encompassing over 60,000 MS events. The correlation between MS events and regional stratigraphy reveals that the Upper and Middle Xishanyao Formations substantially contributed to induced seismicity. Most of the high-energy events (>3000 J) are located between 1200 and 1400 m in the coal seams and above, indicative of formation of the macrofracture in the roof rock layers perturbing the limits required for the equilibrium state of roof structure. Taking advantage of the recorded events, a large number of induced fractures are mapped and interpreted associated lineaments and their deformation mechanism is discussed. The correlation of mapped fractures and lineaments with MS energy showed an extremely erratic and complicated pattern revealing the different levels of accumulated stress. Based on the orientation and geometry, regional lineaments were classified into two broad systems that provided guidance for determining the propagation directions of the deformation. Based on the in-depth analysis of fractures and lineaments, a new fault is identified with length>700 m and various splays oriented in different directions serving as a new tool in rock engineering. An upsurged shear stress and decreased normal stress along the fault may lead to enhanced induced seismicity. Furthermore, a total of 5 vulnerable zones are identified as an example offering insights for worldwide geohazard assessments.
Failure of Rock Slopes with Intermittent Joints: Failure Process and Stability Calculation Models
Authors: Zhou Zihan , Chen Zhonghui , Shen Yanjun , Bao Min , Nian Gengqian , Zhang Lingfei , Liu Yuting
Published: February 2022

Rock slopes with intermittent joints in open-pit mines are complex geological bodies composed of intact rock and discontinuous structural planes, and their stability analysis are necessary for mine disaster prevention. In this study, a series of base friction tests were performed to determine the failure process and displacement field evolution of rock slopes with intermittent joints using the speckle technique of a noncontact measurement system. Next, stability calculation models of the slopes were established from the energy perspective using the plastic limit analysis theory, and the effects of the joint inclination angle and coalescence coefficient of rock bridges on the slope stability were evaluated. The four main conclusions are as follows: (1) The failure of rock slopes with intermittent joints shows the feature of collapse-lower traction-upper push. (2) Based on the failure modes of rock bridges in slopes, the failure of rock slopes with intermittent joints could be divided into three types: tensile coalescence (type A), shear coalescence (type B), and tensile–shear coalescence (type C). (3) Among the three slope types, the stability of the type A slope is significantly influenced by rock cohesion, whereas that of the type B slope is significantly influenced by joint cohesion. The stability of type C slope is significantly influenced by the joint inclination angle and joint friction angle. (4) The local-stable slope is unstable while the first through-tensile crack in the zone of the potential sliding body higher than the critical instability height appeared. This study guides the stability evaluation and instability prediction of jointed rock slopes in open-pit mines.
Konsep Nilai-Nilai Karakter Islami Sebagai Pembentuk Peradaban Manusia
Authors: Hermawan Iwan
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Character education is not a process of memorizing exam questions, and answering techniques. Character education requires habituation, because characters are not formed instantly, but must be trained seriously and proportionally. Al-Qur'an as a source of ethics and morals certainly has its own views related to character education. The concept of Islamic character values is the basic concept of Islam, namely religion that leads humans to become civilized or morality (ihsan), and it is stated directly by the Messenger of Allah, that he was sent to perfect morality. To be a human being who has a moral mercy must start from the learning process (iqra). From the results of learning that humans can trust (iman) because their knowledge is not because they go along (taqlid), because proof of faith is spoken orally, believed in the heart, practiced through the actions of the limbs. Furthermore, the implementation of faith is Taqwa which means fear of God based on consciousness by doing all His commands and avoiding all His prohibitions and fear of falling into sinful acts. Therefore the ultimate goal of Islamic character values is taqwa in the form of moral mercy.

Keywords: Concept of Character Values, Islamic Character, Human Civilization

Abstrak

Pendidikan karakter bukanlah sebuah proses menghafal materi soal ujian, dan teknik-teknik menjawabnya. Pendidikan karakter memerlukan pembiasaan, karena karakter tidak terbentuk secara instan, tapi harus dilatih secara serius dan proporsional. Al-Qur’an sebagai sumber etika dan moral tentu memiliki pandangan tersendiri terkait dengan pendidikan karakter. Konsep nilai-nilai karakter islami adalah konsep dasar dari agama islam itu sendiri yaitu agama yang menuntun manusia menjadi beradab atau berakhlak karimah (ihsan), dan itu dinyatakan langsung oleh rasulullah saw, bahwa beliau diutus untuk menyempurnakan akhlak. Untuk menjadi manusia yang berakhlak karimah harus yang dimulai dari proses belajar (iqra). Dari hasil belajar itulah manusia dapat mempercayai (beriman) karena ilmunya bukan karena ikut-ikutan (taqlid), karena bukti iman adalah diucapkan dengan lisan, diyakini dalam hati, diamalkan lewat perbuatan anggota badan. Selanjutnya implementasi iman itu adalah Taqwa yang berarti takut kepada Allah berdasarkan kesadaran dengan mengerjakan segala perintah-Nya dan menjauhi segala larangan-Nya serta takut terjerumus dalam perbuatan dosa. Oleh karenanya tujuan akhir dari nilai-nilai karakter islami adalah taqwa yang berupa akhlak karimah.

Kata Kunci: Konsep Nilai-nilai Karakter, Karakter Islami, Peradaban Manusia.
Kepemimpinan Inovatif dalam Pengembangan Organisasi dan Team
Authors: Jaudi
Published: February 2022

Artikel ini menyajikan tentang organisasi senantiasa mengalami perubahan karena faktor pendorong baik yang berasal dari dalam organisai maupun luar organisasi. Saat ini, agar suatu organisasi mampu bertahan tidak cukup hanya mengandalkan kharisma seorang pemimpin, maka diperlukan pula kecerdasan dari seorang pemimpin untuk merespon berbagai perubahan yang terjadi disekitarnya serta melakukan berbagai macam inovasi, baik itu melaui Organizational Development (OD), Team Building maupun Pengembangan Individu untuk membentuk perilaku innovative. Metodologi atau Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini menggunakan metode atau pendekatan library research, sedangkan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menelaah beberapa buku, jurnal baik yang berbentuk cetak maupun elektronik serta sumber-sumber data dan atau informasi lainnya yang dianggap relevan dengan kajian. Temuan dalam kajian ini kinerja adalah dalam diri manusia terdapat kecerdasan spiritual (spiritual quotient SQ), sebagai salah satu model kepemimpinan yang perlu diadopsi dan mendapat tanggapan dari seorang pemimpin yakni model kepemimpinan spiritual. Dalam melakukan pengembangan organisasi hendaknya memperhatikan faktor komunikasi baik tentang program, proses maupun monitoring dan evaluasi), sosiologis, psikologis dan historis yang melingkupi organisasi sehingga pada saat seorang pemimpin melakukan perubahan tidak akan terjadi gejolak yang besar diantara para anggota organisasi.

 

Kata Kunci: Kepemimpinan inovatif, organisasi.
Implementasi Pendidikan Multikultural di Era Revolusi 4.0
Authors: Adya Winata Koko
Published: February 2022

This paper examines and describes the implementation of multicultural education components in the 4.0 revolution era. Multicultural Education provides an understanding of various types of educational activities as an integral part of universal culture. Multicultural education emphasizes a philosophy of cultural pluralism into the education system based on the principles of equality, mutual respect, tolerance, acceptance and understanding. Tolerance in diversity and moral commitment to social justice. Multicultural Education is perceived as an endeavor to achieve the shared life of diverse and heterogeneous human beings in an era of globalization which is full of new challenges. Through multicultural education, students are taught that diversity is a necessity that must be maintained and maintained. The components of multicultural education are directly related to learning objectives, materials, methods, media and evaluations that explain to students about the phenomenon of diversity. The component must be prepared in the implementation of multicultural education that will provide understanding to students such as gender, religion, social, ethnic and urban society. By using qualitative research methods researchers can explain and analyze how the implementation of multicultural education components in the 4.0 revolution era.

Keywords: Multicultural Components Educational Implementation, Revolutionary Era 4.0
Pelaksanaan Supervisi Akademik Kepala Madrasah Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Profesionalisme Guru Untuk Memotivasi Belajar Siswa MTs Muqoddimatul Akhlak Curah Wungkal Silo Jember
Authors: Achmad Karimulah  , Nur Ittihadatul Ummah
Published: February 2022

Pelaksanaan supervisi akademik merupakan hal penting dalam sebuah Madrasah. Dengan adanya supervisi akademik diharapkan dapat memberikan penyegaran bagi guru dalam bentuk bantuan teknis, bimbingan, pembinaan dan perbaikan kinerja sebagai upaya meningkatkan profesionalisme guru untuk memotivasi siswa belajar siswa sehingga dapat mencapai tujuan pendidikan nasional. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus. Hasil penelitian adalah: (1) Pelaksanaan supervisi akademik Kepala Madrasah dalam membantu guru menyusun rencana pembelajaran sebagai upaya meningkatkan profesionalisme guru untuk memotivasi belajar siswa dengan membimbing guru membuat rencana pembelajaran (RPP) dan perangkat pembelajaran, menfasilitasi guru yang mengalami kesulitan dan memberikan penilaian dan saran revisi untuk perbaikan perangkat pembelajaran. Teknik supervisi yang dilakukan yakni pertemuan individu (2) Pelaksanaan supervisi akademik Kepala Madrasah dalam membantu mengembangkan kemampuan guru mengelola proses pembelajaran sebagai upaya meningkatkan profesionalisme guru untuk memotivasi belajar siswa dengan melakukan supervisi guru pada saat proses pembelajaran berlangsung dengan teknik supervisi kunjungan kelas, observasi kelas dan pertemuan individu. Penilaian pengelolaan pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh Kepala Madrasah adalah proses pembelajaran di kelas yang meliputi: kegiatan pendahuluan, kegiatan inti dan kegiatan penutup (3) Pelaksanaan supervisi akademik Kepala Madrasah dalam membimbing perilaku mengajar guru sebagai upaya meningkatkan profesionalisme guru untuk memotivasi belajar siswa yaitu Kepala madrasah senantiasa mengingatkan dan memberi contoh perilaku yang baik kepada para guru dengan teknik supervisi penilaian diri sendiri dan pertemuan individu.
 
Kata kunci: Supervisi Akademik, Profesionalisme Guru, Motivasi Belajar siswa
Identifying the Origins of Extreme Rainfall in South Africa Using Storm Trajectory Analysis and Unsupervised Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Philips Rhys , Johnson Katelyn , Barnes Andrew Paul , Kjeldsen Thomas Rodding
Published: February 2022

Extreme rainfall events can have a detrimental impact on both human life and infrastructure, regularly ranked as the number one risks global risks to infrastructure. Climate change is likely to exacerbate the magnitude of extreme rainfall events and developing an understanding of the underlying causes will be key to improve infrastructure resilience and the prediction of such events in the future. This study has utilised National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 project meteorological data and the HYSPLIT model to extract the air parcel trajectories for selected historical extreme rainfall events in South Africa. The k -means unsupervised machine learning algorithm has been used to cluster the resulting trajectories and from this the spatial origin of moisture for each of the rainfall events has been determined. It has been demonstrated that rainfall events on the east coast with moisture originating from the Indian Ocean have distinctly larger average maximum daily rainfall magnitudes (279mm) compared to those that occur on the west coast with Atlantic Ocean influences (149mm) and those events occurring in the central plateau (150mm) where moisture has been continentally recirculated. Further to this, this study has suggested new metrics by which the HYSPLIT trajectories may be assessed and demonstrated the applicability of trajectory clustering in a region not previously studied. This insight may in future facilitate improved early warning systems based on monitoring of atmospheric systems and an understanding of rainfall magnitudes and origins can be used to improve the prediction of design floods for infrastructure design.
SARS-COV-2 Vaccine Responses in Renal Patient Populations
Authors: Smith Rona , Cooper Daniel , Doffinger Rainer , Stacey Hannah , Al-Mohammad Abdulrahman , Goodfellow Ian , Baker Stephen , Lear Sara , Hosmilo Myra , Pritchard Nicholas , Torpey Nicholas , Jayne David , Yiu Vivien , Vilnar Enric , Chalisey Anil , Lee Jacinta , Cheung Chee Kay , Jones Rachel
Published: February 2022

BackgroundDialysis patients and immunosuppressed renal patients are at increased risk of COVID-19 and were excluded from vaccine trials. We conducted a prospective multicentre study to assess SARS-CoV-2 vaccine antibody responses in dialysis patients and renal transplant recipients, and patients receiving immunosuppression for autoimmune disease. Methods Patients were recruited from three UK centres (ethics:20/EM/0180) and compared to healthy controls (ethics:17/EE/0025). SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies to spike protein were measured using a multiplex Luminex assay, after first and second doses of Pfizer BioNTech BNT162b2(Pfizer) or Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1nCoV-19(AZ) vaccine.Results692 patients were included (260 dialysis, 209 transplant, 223 autoimmune disease (prior rituximab 128(57%)) and 144 healthy controls. 299(43%) patients received Pfizer vaccine and 379(55%) received AZ. Following two vaccine doses, positive responses occurred in 96% dialysis, 52% transplant, 70% autoimmune patients and 100% of healthy controls. In dialysis patients, higher antibody responses were observed with the Pfizer vaccination. Predictors of poor antibody response were triple immunosuppression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]0.016;95%CI0.002-0.13;p<0.001) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (aOR0.2;95%CI 0.1-0.42;p<0.001) in transplant patients; rituximab within 12 months in autoimmune patients (aOR0.29;95%CI 0.008–0.096;p<0.001) and patients receiving immunosuppression with eGFR 15-29ml/min (aOR0.031;95%CI 0.11–0.84;p=0.021). ConclusionsAmongst dialysis, kidney transplant and autoimmune populations SARS-CoV-2 vaccine antibody responses are reduced compared to healthy controls. A reduced response to vaccination was associated with rituximab, MMF, triple immunosuppression CKD stage 4. Vaccine responses increased after the second dose, suggesting low-responder groups should be prioritised for repeated vaccination. Greater antibody responses were observed with the mRNA Pfizer vaccine compared to adenovirus AZ vaccine in dialysis patients suggesting that Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 vaccine should be the preferred vaccine choice in this sub-group.
Effect of the pre-photorefractive keratectomy Schirmer value on the post-photorefractive keratectomy central epithelial thickness, ocular surface disease index scores, and uncorrected visual acuity
Authors: Ekinci Metin , Güneş İrfan Botan , Öztürk Hakan
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the pre-photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) Schirmer value on the post-PRK central epithelial thickness (CET), Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA). Methods: After the exclusion of patients, 106 patients were analyzed (n = 54 for control group; n = 52 for dry eye group). Best corrected visual acuity levels, detailed anterior segment and fundus examinations of the patients, intraocular pressures were recorded. Corneal thickness measurements were performed. Tear film break-up time (BUT) and Schirmer’s tests were applied to all patients. The OSDI questionnaire was administered to all patients at the third month after the operation. The patients were divided into two groups according to the preoperative Schirmer’s value as follows: control group (preoperative Schirmer value over 10 mm) and dry eye group (preoperative Schirmer 1 value between 0–10 mm). After the surgical procedure, the measurements and questionnaire were repeated. Results: The mean OSDI score and CET value increased significantly in dry eye group at the third month after the operation compared to the preoperative period (P < .001). After PRK, UCVA does not show a significant difference between groups. Conclusion: Laser surgery affects the corneal epithelial thickness in some patients and reduces visual comfort. Thus, it can be suggested that dry eye should be treated preoperatively, followed by PRK.
Challenges Faced by Midwives in the Implementation of Facility-Based Maternal Death Reviews in Malawi.
Authors: Chirwa Mercy Dokiso , Nyasulu Juliet , Modiba Lebitsi , Limando Makombo Ganga-
Published: February 2022

Background:Midwives are the key health care personnel involved in facility-based maternal death reviews in Malawi. Maternal death reviews provide in-depth understanding of causes of maternal deaths. Midwives are well positioned to provide positive and negative stories surrounding women’s pregnancy experiences which could provide a clear understanding of predisposing factors and potential solutions to maternal mortality. Despite midwives’ participation as members of the maternal death review team, maternal mortality continues to occur. Understanding the potential predisposing factors behind each death is key in devising evidence-based interventions to minimize the occurrence of maternal deaths. This study was therefore, conducted to explore and describe the challenges faced by midwives as they participate in maternal death reviews in the context of the healthcare system in Malawi.Methods:Forty midwives participated in data collection at six district hospitals. Twelve Registered Nurse Midwives in senior positions (6 District Nursing Officers & 6 Matrons) described challenges faced by midwives in the implementation of facility-based maternal death review through face-to-face interviews, two from each of the six selected district hospitals. Twenty-eight midwives: 12 Registered Nurse Midwives and 16 Nurse Midwife Technicians participated in five focus group discussions, 2 and 3 respectively explored possible solutions and recommendations to address the identified challenges. All the participants had a minimum of two years’ experience participating in maternal death reviews. Data were analysed manually using thematic content procedure. Results:Challenges identified were: knowledge and skill gaps; leadership gap and lack of accountability; lack of institutional political will and inconsistency in conducting FBMDR, impeding midwives’ effective contribution to the implementation of maternal death review. The possible solutions and recommendations that emerged were need-based knowledge and skills updates, supportive leadership, effective and efficient interdisciplinary work ethics, and sustained availability of material and human resources.Conclusion:Midwives have the highest potential to contribute to the reduction of maternal deaths. Practice development strategies are required to improve their practice in all the areas they are challenged with.
Retinal Microvasculature Parameters with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Mean Ocular Perfusion Pressure Changes in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zhu Dandan , Liu Xun , Zhang Wenwen , Qiao Jing , Zhou Li , Xie Zheng-Gao
Published: February 2022

Background
To explore the ocular vascular variation involvement in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cohorts. The measurement of the retinal vessel density was performed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
Methods
This study including 24 eyes of normal cognitively individuals (NC group), 23 eyes of MCI patients (MCI group) and 11 eyes of AD patients (AD group) measured retinal vessel density with OCTA. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) were calculated based on systemic blood pressure and intraocular pressure. We estimated the association between systemic and ocular vascular elements with cognitive assessment test (Mini-Mental Status Examination, MMSE) result by Pearson’s correlation and linear regression model test.
Results
The retinal microvascular density were significantly lower in AD group compared to NC group while foveal avascular zone(FAZ) area were larger in AD group versus NC group. Both FAZ and vascular density parameters showed significant correlation with MMSE. After multivariate linear regression analysis, only FAZ and outer ring of optic nerve head were significantly associated MMSE. There was significant difference among three groups in MAP value while it was MOPP was found significant correlation with MMSE.
Conclusion
The OCTA parameters showed statistic difference between AD group and NC group. While only FAZ and outer ring of optic nerve head were significantly associated with estimated MMSE in multivariate linear regression analysis. So FAZ and outer ring of optic nerve head might be regarded as potential indicators for representing early sign of preclinical stage of AD.
Effect of manila palm (Adonidia merrillii Becc.) supplementation on production performance, rumen fermentation, hematology and eradication of gastro-Intestinal nematodes of goat
Authors: Norrapoke Thitima , Pongjongmit Tanitpan
Published: February 2022

The purpose of research was to understand the effect of manila palm (Adonidia merrillii Becc.) supplementation on production performance, rumen fermentation, hematology and eradication of gastro-intestinal nematodes of goat. Sixteen native crossbred goats the ages of 1-2 year are divided into 8 males and 8 females at initial body weight (BW) of 20±3.1 kg was used in this experiment. The experiment was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) trial was planned to compare 4 supplementation forms of ivermectin and manila palm. Group 1 received ivermectin 3.03 microgram /kg body weight. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated with seeds in manila palm, manila palm peel and manila palm whole extract 5 ml / goat weight 1 kg, respectively. Results revealed that average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, feed intake, digestibility, BUN, Hct, ruminal pH, NH3 -N, temperature, total VFA and butyric acid were non significantly (P>0.05). The concentration of acetic acid was decreased by supplementation of manila palm (P<0.05) whereas propionic acid was increased (P<0.05) by goat fed manila palm especially manila palm whole extract 5 ml / goat weight 1 kg when compare with author group. However, CH4 was decreased (P<0.05) as result of supplementation of manila palm compared to author group. Whereas, goats fed manila palm whole extract decreased the protozoal population (P<0.05). After the goat receives treatment at 1, 3, 14 days showed a decrease in the goat’s fecal egg count was no significant (P>0.05). After receives treatment at 7 and 21 days showed a decrease in the goat’s fecal egg count had significant (P < 0.05). After that at 28 and 35 days the results showed increase in the goat’s fecal egg count had significant (P < 0.05). This study concluded that supplementation of manila palm whole extract 5 ml / goat weight 1 kg resulted in increased propionic acid and decreased CH4 production, protozoa population and fecal eggs counts. This study concluded that feeding of manila palm whole extract 5 ml / goat weight 1 kg is recommended because it has the best level for use as animal feed supplementation.
Community and Transcriptome Foliar Mycobiota Transitions in Response to Pathogenic Conifer Needle Interactions
Authors: Ata Jessa , Caballero Jorge , Abdo Zaid , Mondo Stephen , Stewart Jane
Published: February 2022

Profiling the host-mycobiota interactions in healthy vs. diseased forest ecosystems helps understand the dynamics of understudied yet increasingly important threats to forest health that are emerging due to climate change. We analyzed the structural and functional changes of the mycobiota and the responses of Pinus contorta in the Lophodermella needle cast pathosystem through metabarcoding and metatranscriptomics. When needles transitioned from asymptomatic to symptomatic, dysbiosis of the mycobiota occurred, but with an enrichment of Lophodermella pathogens. Many pathogenicity-related genes were highly expressed by the mycobiota at the necrotrophic phase, suggesting an active pathogen response that are absent in asymptomatic needles. This study also revealed that Lophodermella spp. are members of a healthy needle mycobiota that have a latent lifestyles suggesting that other pine needle pathogens may have similar biology. Interestingly, P. contorta upregulated defense genes in healthy needles, indicating response to fungal recognition, while a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses genes were activated in diseased needles. Further investigation to elucidate the possible antagonistic interplay of other biotic members leading to disease progression and/or suppression is warranted. This study provides insights into microbial interactions in non-model pathosystems and contributes to the development of new forest management strategies against emerging latent pathogens.