bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and associated factors of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Agena health center, South Ethiopia, 2019: a cross sectional study
Authors: Agazhu Haile Workye , Robele Melese Niguse , Ayele Ijigu Tadesse , Mohammed Amin A/Karim
Published: September 2019

Background; Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the world’s most common and highly contagious liver infection. Its transmission methods are: mother to child, via open wounds, sexual contact, blood transfusion and other blood contact related activities. Prevalence of HBV among pregnant women in Africa ranges from 3.67 - 16.5% and in Ethiopia 2.4 to 8.4%. Hepatitis B infection leads to high morbidity and mortality for mother as well as for their infants due to the vertical transmission. Hence assessing the prevalence and associated factors of Hepatitis B Virus infection is a priority. Methodology : An institution based cross sectional study was conducted with a total of 194 of pregnant women attending antenatal care at Agena health center from May 1-30/2019. Frequency analysis and Logistic regression test was used to determine the associated factors associated with Hepatitis B virus by using SPSS version 25. Results: The prevalence of HBV in Agena health center among pregnant women were 4.1% and it was associated with marital status, history of hospital admission and history of abortion. Conclusion : The prevalence of HBV in Agena health center among pregnant women was intermediate. Since routine screening and immunization of all pregnant women is mandatory. Key words : Hepatitis B infection, pregnant women, Agena health center
Assessment of the Community Awareness and Exposure to Highly Pathogenic Avian Human influenza in Wet-land Areas of Ethiopia
Authors: Chekol Musse Tadesse , Teshome Bethel , Belayneh Rediet , Misganaw Ketema , Hassen Abdilhafiz , Tewolde Nega , Habtamu Luna
Published: September 2019

Background: The avian influenza virus has different subtypes which have the potential to cause disease in animals and humans. Human cases with influenza A (H5N1), A (H5N6) and A (H7N9) viruses, have been reported to WHO and various influenza A (H5) subtypes continue to be detected in birds globally. Little is known about the types of exposure that result in human infections. In Ethiopia, risk assessment studies were not conducted and the awareness of the community and the risk of exposure for potential avian influenza is undetermined. The aim off this survey is to assess the level of the community awareness and the risk for human exposure to avian influenza viruses (HPAI) in the wet land areas of Ethiopia.
Method: The survey was conducted from January 26 to February 28, 2018 in the wet land areas of Ethiopia by using a standard questionnaire and purposive random sampling method. Epi info version 7.0 and SPSS (V.20) were applied for data analysis.
Result: Off the total 200 respondents 94.7% don’t know about the mode of transmission and 43.5%, 27%, 16.9% of the respondents believed that HAI it transmitted by inhalation of air droplet (breathing), contact with ill person and eating raw poultry meat and egg products. 36.2% of respondents believed that Human avian influenza is preventable by keeping hand hygiene, followed by respiratory hygiene (28%) and environmental hygiene (19.3%). However, 68.6% had close contact with animals (poultry) and high exposure to raw animal products.
Conclusion: The awareness level of the community in the mode of transmission, risk factors and preventive measures is very low while the exposure for infected birds, food products remaining high. Further risk assessment studies and community awareness creation on the prevention and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza is recommended.
Key words: Avian Influenza, Exposure, Ethiopia
Next-generation Sequencing with cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-infected patients
Authors: Zhang Renfang , Qi Tangkai , Chen Jun , Sun Jianjun , Liu Li , Song Wei , Wang Zhenyan , Tang Yang , Lu Hong-zhou
Published: September 2019

Background To investigate the clinical manifestations, imaging findings, characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid, treatment and prognosis in patients with AIDS-related progressive white matter lesions diagnosed by second-generation sequencing with cerebrospinal fluid.Methods Patients with clinically suspected PML were diagnosed by second-generation sequencing with cerebrospinal fluid, and the clinical data of these patients were retrospectively reviewed.Results Ten patients with AIDS-related PML were diagnosed, including eight males (80%). The average age was 38.7±8.2 years, and the median CD4+ T cell count was 46×106/L. The median HIV RNA was 5.99 × 104 copies/ml. Main clinical manifestations included: dyskinesia in 4 patients (40%) and dizziness in 3(30%), cognitive decline in 2(20%), and speech disorder in 1(10%). Three patients (30%) developed convulsions throughout the course of the disease. Image findings involved lesions cerebellum in 3 cases (30%), and lesions above the cerebellum in 7 cases (70%). Mild increase of total protein was observed in the cerebrospinal fluid of 4 cases (40%), while white blood cell count, sugar and chloride were normal in all of the cases. The copies of JCV sequence in the cerebrospinal fluid ranged from 3-12531 reads (median=67 reads). All the patients received antiviral therapy including integrase inhibitors. Among the 10 patients, 2 died in hospital and 8 survived, 2 of them have survived for more than 1 year. Symptoms were improved in 5 patients and unchanged in 3 patients.Conclusions PML is common in patients with HIV/AIDS. It is reliable to diagnose the disease through clinical manifestations, routine detection of cerebrospinal fluid, imaging and cerebrospinal fluid NGS sequencing. Strong and effective antiretroviral treatment may improve the prognosis of patients.
Involvement of ABC-transporters and acyltransferase 1 in intracellular cholesterol-mediated autophagy in bovine alveolar macrophages in response to the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG) infection
Authors: Xu Jinrui , Zhou Yanbing , Yang Yi , Lv Cuiping , Liu Xiaoming , Wang Yujiong
Published: September 2019

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M. tuberculosis, Mtb ) is the pathogen causing human Tuberculosis (TB). Mycobacterium bovis ( M. bovis ) infection is the cause of bovine TB, which occasionally infects other species of mammals including humans and wildlife, a main reason of the difficulty to eradicate TB around the world. Recent studies in immunometabolism demonstrated that host cholesterol levels have implications in the establishment of Mtb infection, which lead to the development of host-directed therapy (HDT) strategies for treatment of TB.
Methods: In the present report, the involvements of ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC-transporters)- and cholesterol acyltransferase1 (ACAT1)-mediated intracellular cholesterol in autophagy of bovine macrophages induced by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) were interrogated by enzymatic and biochemistry assays i n vitro, including quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting.
Results: The results showed that a down-regulated expression of the ABC-transporters and ACAT1 in primary bovine alveolar macrophages (AMs) and murine RAW264.7 cells in response to the BCG infection. The inhibited expression of ABC-transporters and ACAT1 was associated with the reduction of intracellular free cholesterol, which in turn induced autophagy in macrophages upon to the Mycobacterial infection. These results strongly suggest an involvement of ABC-transporters and ACAT1 in intracellular cholesterol-mediated autophagy in macrophages in response to Mycobacterial infections.
Conclusion: This study thus provides an insight into mechanism of immunometabolism of macrophages in response to the Mtb infection, and informative data for development of HDT in TB treatments.
Clinical and histologic tissue responses of skin incisions closed with glycomer 631 and lactomer 9-1 using subcutaneous and subcuticular techniques in pigs
Authors: Plavec Tanja , Švara Tanja , Zdovc Irena , Gombač Mitja , Damjanovska Marija , Pintarič Tatjana Stopar , Cvetko Erika , Seliškar Alenka
Published: September 2019

Background: Glycomer 631 and lactomer 9-1 are absorbable suture materials indicated for soft tissue approximation in non-infected wounds. Pigs are often used as surgical models in translational research, however, the reports of tissue reactions to both suture materials in pigs are deficient. The aim of this study was to assess clinical and histologic responses of skin incisions closed with subcutaneous and subcuticular techniques using glycomer 631 and lactomer 9-1 in pigs. Results: Skin incisions of 17 pigs were closed with glycomer 631 and lactomer 9-1 and clinical reactive score (CRS) including erythema, swelling, discharge, and dehiscence was calculated on postoperative days 7 and 14. Tissue reaction was assessed histologically on postoperative day 14 (the presence of extravascular neutrophils, macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, bacterial colonies, overall severity of inflammatory response to suture material), and the cumulative score of variables calculated as aggregate tissue irritation score (ATIS). Tissue samples were examined for suture extrusion and evaluated microbiologically. Clinical reactive score did not differ between the suture materials. Only one variable of ATIS, overall severity of inflammatory response, was lower (p = 0.029) when glycomer 631 was used. Suture extrusion was found in 10/17 of incisions closed by glycomer 631 and in 7/13 of incisions closed by lactomer 9-1. Trueperella pyogenes was isolated from the skin and from the area of tissue reaction in six pigs. Conclusions: No difference in CRS between the suture materials was observed. Glycomer 631 induced less tissue reaction only in terms of overall severity of inflammatory response. Suture extrusion was observed in more than 50% of incisions regardless of the suture material. Trueperella pyogenes was the only pathogen isolated from the tissue surrounding the suture material.
The effect of the laparoscopic primary suture of the common bile duct in elderly patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Liu Jinheng , Wang Yanting , Liu Xubao , Yin Sineng
Published: September 2019

Background Traditionally, Surgical treatment strategies for elderly patients diagnosed with choledocholithiasis combined with cholecystolithiasis include laparoscopic choledocholithotomy, cholecystectomy, and T-tube drainage. However, T-tube drainage in the biliary tract can still cause pain and other complications. This study was designed to compare the primary closure of choledochotomy and the use of T-tube after laparoscopic choledochotomy to determine whether primary suture can be as feasible and safe as suture with T-tube drainage in elderly patients. Methods From January 2017 to January 2018, 85 patients were selected to undergo laparoscopic surgery. They were divided into two groups: primary suture group (n=56) and T tube group (n=29). Preoperative data, intraoperative index, postoperative complications were recorded. Results There were no differences in preoperative data in both groups. Compared with the T-tube group, the postoperative total drainage volume on the first day and patients of residual stones were fewer, and all drainage tube extubation time was shorter in the primary suture group. And there were statistically significant differences in postoperative TBIL between the two groups. There were no pressure sores, hypostatic pneumonia, deep vein thrombosis, serious complications of heart, lung and brain and even death in both groups. Conclusion Only if accurate preoperative risk assessment and strict treatment of basic diseases in elderly patients, intraoperative fine suture of the common bile duct, primary suture in elderly patients are feasible, safe, and valid after laparoscopic choledochotomy for verification of ductal clearance.
The effectiveness and appropriateness of Interval Laparoscopic Appendectomy on adult appendiceal mass, a retrospective cohort
Authors: Fujihata Shiro , Kitagami Hidehiko , Kitayama Yosuke , Suzuki Ayumi , Tanaka Moritsugu , Hayakawa Shunsuke , Nakaya Seiichi , Okubo Tomotaka , Sagawa Hiroyuki , Tanaka Tatsuya , Takahashi Hiroki , Matsuo Yoichi , Ogawa Ryo , Takiguchi Shuji
Published: September 2019

Background: Appendiceal mass sometimes requires extended resection and difficult to treat postoperative complications. Interval appendectomy has been performed mainly in the field of pediatric surgery to avoid them. Recently, there are a few reports on interval laparoscopic appendectomy (ILA). We examined not only the safety and effectiveness of ILA for adult appendiceal mass (AAM), but also the appropriateness of ILA for which cases should be treated non-surgically for ILA or converted to surgical treatment. Methods: Among 956 appendectomies performed between April 2012 and March 2018, there were 49 cases of AAM, of which 34 cases underwent ILA; ILA group. The safety and efficacy of ILA were examined by comparing with 477 cases of adult uncomplicated appendicitis underwent laparoscopic appendectomy (LA); LA group. The appropriateness of ILA was examined by comparing with the remaining 15 cases of AAM; non-ILA group. Results: The ILA group had a longer operation time than the LA group, but the postoperative hospital stay was shorter, and no significant difference were found in the bleeding volume, the days required for oral intake of solid food, and the perioperative complications. Examining the factors for failure of non-surgical treatment or relapse of inflammation during interval period, higher WBC day3 / day0 was found to be an independent risk factor. Conclusion: ILA against AAM was almost as safe and effective as LA for adult uncomplicated appendicitis. WBC day3 / day0 may be effective as an objective parameter for judging the termination of non-surgical treatment for ILA. This determination to convert ineffective non-surgical treatment to surgical treatment earlier may reduce the burden on the patient.
Feasibility investigation of uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic anatomical lung resection for pulmonary sequestration
Authors: Sun Yungang , Shao Feng , Zhang Qiang , Wang Zhao
Published: September 2019

Background Uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery (UVATS) technique has been increasingly used for many thoracic diseases. Whether UVATS has equivalent or better perioperative outcomes for pulmonary sequestration (PS) patients remains controversial. Our study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of UVATS in anatomical lung resection for pulmonary sequestration.Methods A total of 24 patients with PS including fifteen males and nine females with the mean age of 40.54±14.49 (rang, 18-65) years old, who had received completely UVATS anatomical lung resection for PS in Nanjing Chest Hospital between January 2016 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Referring clinical data were retrieved from hospital records and analyzed.Results All 24 patients had been treated with the UAVTS approach successfully with no aberrant artery ruptured and no massive hemorrhage occurred, and no patients died during the perioperative period. Overall median surgery time was 102.21 ±28.00 mins (range, 55-150mins), the mean blood loss was 94.17±78.90 ml (range, 10-300ml), the mean days of chest tube maintained were 4.21±2.21 days (range,1-10days), and the mean postoperative hospitalization days was 5.79 ±2.35 days (range,2-11days). All patients were cured, without cough, fever, hemoptysis, and so on, occurring during the average follow-up of 17.42 ±2.00 months (range, 3-35months).Conclusions Our preliminary results revealed that anatomical lung resection by UVATS is a safe and feasible mini-invasive technique for PS patients, which might be associated with less postoperative pain, reduced paresthesia, better cosmetic results, and faster recovery.
Clinical application value of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in pediatric cardiac valvular disease
Authors: Qian Jingjing , Ye Jingjing , Yu Jin , Yang Xiuzhen , Zhao Lei
Published: September 2019

Background: To explore the value of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in the surgical treatment of pediatric cardiac valvular disease. Methods: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed in 64 children with cardiac valvular disease, of which 49 patients underwent TEE before and after cardiopulmonary bypass. Results: The coincidence rate of preoperative TEE with the surgical diagnosis on valvular lesions was 100%, higher than that of TTE (78%). TEE supplemented or corrected 10 cases of TTE valvular lesion diagnosis, improving the accuracy of valvular disease diagnosis. Besides, TEE can effectively evaluate the surgical results. Conclusions: Preoperative TEE can accurately diagnose valvular disease in children, which helps to develop a surgical plan. Postoperative TEE can find the remaining problems in time and improve the success rate of surgery.
Refractive outcome of cataract surgery in eyes filled with silicone oil
Authors: Kanclerz Piotr , Leisser Christoph , Grzybowski Andrzej , Lipowski Paweł
Published: September 2019

Background Cataract development is common in phakic eyes filled with silicone oil (SO), necessitating subsequent cataract removal. This study evaluated the refractive outcome in eyes filled with SO undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery (PCS). Methods This retrospective study evaluated patients with SO tamponade who were scheduled for PCS. Results Subjects (n=26) were followed-up for 29.5 ± 13.9 months after cataract surgery. The median spherical equivalent refraction (SER) was +5.3 D (interquartile range [IQR] +2.9 to +6.7) before PCS, and +3.4 D (IQR +2.0 to +4.4) after PCS. Within the follow-up period retinal reattachment after SO removal was achieved in 15 out of 26 eyes (57.7%). In 13 eyes assessment of refraction after SO-removal was possible, and showed a myopic shift of -4.6 D (IQR -2.9 to -7.3) in the SER. After SO removal, 5 of 13 eyes (38.5%) were within ±1.0 D of the target refraction, while 9 out of 13 eyes (69.2%) were within ±2.0 D. Conclusions The refractive outcome after PCS for eyes filled with SO is less predictable than that for normal eyes. Some of the eyes undergoing silicone oil injection may require long-term tamponade.
Synchronous evaluation of early neurovascular changes in macula and optic nerve head in early diabetic retinopathy using combined optical coherence tomography angiography parameters
Authors: Wen Xin , Li Zijing , Liang Jiaqi , Xiao Jianhui , Zhang Yichi , Gao Xiang , Liao Yunru , Lan Yuqing
Published: September 2019

Background This study aim to evaluate neurovascular changes in both macula and optic nerve head (ONH) in early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) using combined quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters.Methods We studied 194 right eyes from 64 type 2 diabetic patients without DR (DM), 64 diabetic patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and 64 age-matched healthy controls. OCTA parameters were analyzed using binary logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results There was significant reduction of vessel density (VD) in both macula and ONH comparing DM patients with and without NPDR to controls. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve for NPDR versus control was 0.963 ( p <0.001), with sensitivity of 93.8% and specificity of 90.6%. The ROC curves for NPDR patients versus NoDR patients (including DM and control groups) exhibited an AUC of 0.923 ( p <0.001), with sensitivity of 90.6% and specificity of 82.8%. The thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in both macula and ONH was not significantly different among these three groups.Conclusions VD in both macula and ONH was simultaneously decreased prior to RNFL thinning in DM patients through the course proceeding from preclinical DR to NPDR. Combined analysis of macula and ONH parameters was an comprehensive and accurate OCTA metric to distinguish NPDR patients from healthy controls and DM patients without DR.
Intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator thrombolysis for acute central retinal artery occlusion: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaotang , Liu Yong , Suo Yan , Qin Dan , Meng Qiang , Zhang Yanchun , Zhang Hua , Wang Ying
Published: September 2019

Background: Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), an ocular stroke, causes severe and permanent visual impairment. Thrombolytic therapy is currently the main treatment option for CRAO. Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) has been extensively applied in the treatment of CRAO with the proven advantages of effectiveness and safety. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of intravenous rt-PA thrombolysis for the management of CRAO by evaluating the pooled evidence. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of electronic databases including PubMed, OVID, and Cochrane Library was conducted up to and including March 2019. All studies reporting visual outcomes after CRAO (with thrombolytic therapy) were collected. Patient-level data on visual acuity (VA) and adverse events were recorded and assessed in this analysis. Data were inputted into the statistical software of STATA. The studies were weighted by the inverse of the variance and merged in a random-effects model. Results: The systematic review process yielded seven eligible studies including 121 patients with CRAO who received the intravenous rt-PA treatment. 62 patients showed improvement in VA (52.0%; 95% CI, 34.0%-70.0%) following rt-PA intravenous thrombolytic therapy. The observed improvement rate in the intravenous rt-PA treatment group was significantly higher than the conservative treatment group (40.4% vs. 13.0%; OR, =5.16; 95% CI, 1.90-14.05). The incidence rate of complications was relatively low (11 out of the 121 patients). Hemorrhage (9/11) was the major reported complication. Mortality was zero. Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicated that intravenous rt-PA thrombolysis could be an effective and safe strategy for the management of CRAO. However, a more detailed large-scale clinical trial is warranted to strengthen the evidence-based therapeutic guidance.
Secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine is crucial for the vascular endothelial growth factor-stimulated fibrotic process in human Tenon’s fibroblasts
Authors: Xiang XiaoQiong , Luo LiYing , Chen YuHong , Ye FuXiang , Fu Yang , Tang Min
Published: September 2019

Background Aberrant post-surgical scarring is responsible for failure of glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) and is attributed to strong fibrotic process of human Tenon’s fibroblasts (HTFs). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) contribute to angiogenesis and fibrosis. However, whether SPARC can regulate the VEGF-mediated fibrotic process in HTFs has not been clarified. This study aimed to examine how SPARC and VEGF crosstalk to regulate the expression of Collagen-I and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) as well as the ERK signalling in HTFs.Methods Human Tenon's capsule tissues were cultured for preparation of HTFs, which were characterized by immunofluorescence. The effects of VEGF treatment on SPARC, Collagen-I and MMP9 expression and ERK phosphorylation were determined by Western blot, quantitative RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. The proliferation and wound healing induced by VEGF were examined in HTFs and SPARC-silenced HTFs.Results Following successful passages, immunofluorescent assays indicated that HTFs at passages 3-9 displayed unique characters of fibroblasts with Vimentin, but not keratin, expression. Treatment with VEGF significantly up-regulated SPARC, Collagen-I and MMP9 expression and ERK phosphorylation, and promoted the proliferation and wound healing of HTFs. The stimulatory effects of VEGF were significantly mitigated by SPARC silencing in HTFs.Conclusions Our data provided novel evidence that SPARC was crucial for the VEGF-stimulated fibrotic process in HTFs and may be a novel target for anti-fibrotic therapies post GFS.
Diameter and haemodynamics of internal carotid artery siphon and ophthalmic artery in patients with non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy
Authors: Fu Zhiyong , Li Hongyang , Wang Yanling
Published: September 2019

Purpose To compare the diameter and the haemodynamics of internal carotid artery siphon(ICAS) and ophthalmic artery (OA) in patients with unilateral non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) with their contralateral sides and age-matched controls. Methods 30 patients clinically diagnosed with NAION (unilateral affected) and 30 age-matched controls participated in this study. By CTA, the diameter of ICAS and OA in both eyes were measured. By CDI, the blood flow velocity (Vm) and the blood flow volume of ICAS and OA in both eyes were measured or calculated. Measurements on the affected side of the patients were compared to the contralateral healthy side and the controls. Results Compared between the affected sides and the controls, the Vm, the diameter, and the blood flow volume in the ICAS were all significantly decreased (p<0.05), the Vm and the blood flow volume in the OA tended to be reduced (p=0.062, 0.055 respectively), while the difference of the diameter in the OA was insignificant (p=0.116). Compared between the affected sides and the unaffected healthy sides, the Vm, the diameter, and the blood flow volume in the ICAS were also significantly decreased (p<0.05), while no marked differences were detected in the OA, neither for the Vm, the diameter, or the blood flow volume(p=0.178, 0.151,0.173 respectively). Conclusion NAION may be associated with decreased blood flow velocity and diameter in the ICAS . These findings might be potentially useful in the monitoring of NAION.
Comparison between different techniques for treatment of sub macular haemorrhage due to Age Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Saad Ahmed Abdelwahab , Vaideanu-Collins Daniela , Kishikova Lyudmila , Isac Marco , Hamada Dina , El-Haig Wael M.
Published: September 2019

Background To compare the outcome of vitrectomy, subretinal tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), and gas with and without subretinal air versus Intravitreal TPA and gas in the treatment of sub macular haemorrhage (SMH) due to Neovascular age related macular degeneration Methods We analysed the notes of 29 cases presented with SMH in the period between 01/2016 and 09/2018 in James Cook University Hospital. Presenting visual acuity (BCVA), size and location of SMH, Procedure done, final BCVA at 6 months and any surgical complications were recorded. 11 Cases (Group 1) received intravitreal TPA (50ug in 0.1 ML), 0.3 ml of pure SF6. 18 cases (Group 2) received 23 G Pars Plana vitrectomy, Subretinal TPA injection (25ug in 0.1 ml), and 20% SF6 gas filling. Group 2 was further divided into 2A (10 patients) who received only subretinal TPA and group 2B (8 patients) who received additional 0.1 ml subretinal air.Results The mean BCVA at presentation was 0.0068 in group 1 and 0.0067 in group 2 (p= 0.8734). The mean postoperative BCVA at six months was 0.31 in group 1 and 0.58 in group 2 (p=0.0015). Subgroup analysis of group 2 didn’t show statistically significant difference in outcome when adding subretinal air to the vitrectomy procedure (p=0.7009).Conclusion Vitrectomy, gas and subretinal TPA has more successful displacement rate and better visual outcome than Intravitreal TPA & Gas alone in treating SMH involving the fovea in AMD. Additional subretinal air doesn't seem to improve the outcome in cases having vitrectcomy.
WITHDRAWN: Transconjunctival Cryo-Assisted Extraction of Intraconal Cavernous Hemangioma
Authors: Ghafar Ayman E Abd El , Saleh Sameh M , Elwehidy Ahmed S
Published: September 2019

Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transconjunctival cryo-assisted orbitotomy for extraction of intraconal cavernous hemangioma. Methods The study was performed at the Mansoura ophthalmic center, Mansoura University, Egypt from May 2015 to August 2018. It included 18 patients with orbital intraconal cavernous hemangioma. In all cases, preoperative orbital MRI with contrast was performed, transconjunctival approach was used and cryo-assisted extraction of the lesion was performed. Cases were followed for six months after surgery. Results This study included 18 patients with intraconal cavernous hemangioma, ten females (55.6%) and eight males (44.4%) with a mean age 35.6 years. All lesions were located in the intraconal space, eight cases (44.5%) were lateral to the optic nerve, four cases (22.2%) were above the optic nerve, and six cases (33.3%) were below the optic nerve. Postoperative complications included three cases (16.7%) that showed postoperative diplopia due to lateral rectus paresis that improved in all cases within six months, one case (5.6%) that showed postoperative retrobulbar hemorrhage and proptosis that resolved within two weeks without sequelae, and four cases (22.2%) that showed subconjunctival hemorrhage, which resolved within two weeks. Of the two cases with drop of visual acuity preoperative, one case (5.6%) showed improvement of visual acuity and one case (5.6%) did not improve. Conclusions Transconjunctival cryo-assisted extraction of intraconal cavernous hemangioma represents a safe more conservative and effective technique.
Predictive factors of selective mineralocorticoid antagonist treatment in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Gergely Róbert , Kovács Illés , Sándor Gábor László , Czakó Cecília , Récsán Zsuzsanna , Nagy Zoltán Zsolt , Ecsedy Mónika
Published: September 2019

Purpose: To compare the macular morphology of good and poor responders to eplerenone treatment in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) patients. Methods: 30 eyes of 29 patients with chronic CSCR were treated with 50 mg/day oral eplerenone and followed up for one year. The integrity of outer retinal layers at baseline was assessed using optical coherence tomography. Patients who showed complete resolution of subretinal fluid at one year were assigned to the good responder group (Group 1), whilst those who showed moderate or no resolution were classified as poor responders (Group 2). Results: In Group 2 hyperreflective foci in outer segment and outer nuclear layer were significantly more frequent, while ellipsoid zone interruption was significantly more frequent than in Group 1 (p=0.006 and p<0.001 respectively). The multivariable regression analysis showed that intact ellipsoid zone at baseline is an independent predictor of good therapeutic response, with an odds ratio of 26.00 (95% CI: 3.69–183.45; p=0.001). Conclusion: The resolution of subretinal fluid after eplerenone treatment is associated with the integrity of outer retinal layers in CSCR patients. Baseline morphologic evaluation of these layers can be useful in predicting the response to mineralocorticoid antagonist therapy.
Caracterización de las prácticas de educación para la sustentabilidad en la modalidad de educación ambiental no formal. Estudio de caso
Authors: Aguilera Rosa Herrera , Santa-Anna L. Ana , Rivera G. Alma R. , Zárate R. Elpidio , Morales Rebeca Patricia Rodríguez
Published: September 2019

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal caracterizar las prácticas de educación para la sustentabilidad en la modalidad de la educación ambiental no formal ejercidas por la Red de Educadores Ambientales de la Ciudad de Chihuahua, México, como un primer ensayo para después caracterizar el perfil de educador ambiental que requiere la problemática ambiental. La metodología es cualitativa con un estudio de caso para estudiar las particularidades de un caso singular para comprender la actividad en circunstancias importantes como lo son las prácticas ambientales que pretenden trascender de la teoría a las acciones concretas y transmisibles requisito de la educación ambiental para la sustentabilidad. La Red de Educadores está conformada por una diversidad de personas profesionistas (edad, ocupación, formación) que comparten una preocupación e interés por mejorar las condiciones ambientales de la ciudad. Las diferentes corrientes de la educación ambiental posibilitan que cada integrante la ejerza a su manera particular; es necesario caracterizar estas prácticas para determinar la pertinencia de estas en la problemática ambiental local e identificar las corrientes adecuadas al contexto. De las 9 prácticas realizadas en el período mayo-junio 2019 se encontraron como predominantes las corrientes conservacionista-resolutiva y en menor proporción la naturalista como categorías tradicionales. Solo una práctica corresponde a la categoría emergente crítica-social. Se consideran las prácticas oportunas a las necesidades del contexto porque fueron propuestas conociendo las necesidades y problemática ambiental de los diferentes estratos sociales de la ciudad. Nos queda claro el reto de formular indicadores de alcances ambientales y perfiles ambientales de los educadores, así como el diseño del modelo pedagógico y objetivos de la Red de Educadores Ambientales.
Água de beber, água de benzer: mito e rito na espiritualidade Potiguara
Authors: Carmona Raquel de Lourdes de Miranda e Silva , Miranda e Silva João Carlos de , Lacerda Cícero Sousa , Lima Érika Marques de Almeida , Rocha Josemary M. Freire Rodrigues de C. , Lima Patrícia Tavares de , Sousa Hercílio de Medeiros , Carvalho Luciano Honório de , Miranda Natália Marques de Almeida Lima
Published: September 2019

Este estudo mostra a importância da água para a espiritualidade indígena e, neste contexto, a essencialidade do sentido preservacionista que é despertado, seja pela questão dos saberes tradicionais que a tornam fonte vital, ou ainda, pela questão econômica e social que emoldura a sobrevivência das tradições dos Potiguara, evidenciando a água como elemento da cosmogonia indígena. Para tal, foi traçada uma breve trajetória sócio-histórica e antropológica que trouxe a fala Potiguara para apresentar o seu discurso a respeito de ancestralidade, meio ambiente, preservação e espiritualidade, por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa e bibliográfica multidisciplinar que traz à superfície um dos mitos de origens mais sensíveis a esse povo indígena.
Exercício físico outdoor e indoor, bem-estar subjetivo e conexão com a Natureza: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Alves Humberto da Nóbrega , Fridich Gilivã Antônio , Souza Thiago Siqueira Paiva de , López Luiz Carlos Serrano , Lucena Reinaldo Farias Paiva de
Published: September 2019

O presente estudo sintetiza as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre a relação entre exercício físico outdoor e indoor, conexão com o meio ambiente e bem-estar a partir de busca sistemática no portal "periódicos capes" e "biblioteca virtual de saúde", utilizando os descritores relacionados ao tema. Foram selecionados treze artigos para leitura, análise e discussão. Os resultados mostraram que os exercícios outdoor apresentam efeitos estatisticamente significativos na melhoria e ganhos em aspectos psicoemocionais e aspectos relacionados à conectividade com a Natureza, no entanto em termos fisiológicos os resultados comparativos entre exercício outdoor e indoor não mostraram diferenças significativas entre essas duas categorias de exercícios.
Migração de crise e sua relação com meio ambiente
Authors: Costa Alessandra Leandro da , Fonseca Márcia Batista da , Lima Érika Marques de Almeida , Lucena Reinaldo Farias Paiva de
Published: September 2019

A relação entre o ser humano e o meio ambiente sempre foi fundada na exploração dos recursos naturais. Neste século XXI, ao mesmo tempo em que há maior incremento das práticas que visam ao desenvolvimento sustentável, o instituto do refúgio se agrava, tendo gerado 68,5 milhões de pessoas deslocadas forçadamente, somente no ano de 2017. Neste cenário, a população de países como a Alemanha aumenta, gerando discussões sobre impactos ambientais negativos, vez que as demandas vitais ao ser humano aumentam na mesma proporção, podendo causar alteração nos índices referentes ao desenvolvimento sustentável. O tema deve ser tratado com cuidado pois pode fortalecer os argumentos de intolerância aos refugiados de crise.
The Therapeutic Potential of Chemokines in the Treatment of Chemotherapy- Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Zhou Lin , Ao Luyao , Yan Yunyi , Li Wanting , Ye Anqi , Hu Yahui , Fang Weirong , Li Yunman
Published: September 2019

Background:

Some of the current challenges and complications of cancer therapy are chemotherapy-
induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and the neuropathic pain that are associated with
this condition. Many major chemotherapeutic agents can cause neurotoxicity, significantly modulate
the immune system and are always accompanied by various adverse effects. Recent evidence suggests
that cross-talk occurs between the nervous system and the immune system during treatment with chemotherapeutic
agents; thus, an emerging concept is that neuroinflammation is one of the major
mechanisms underlying CIPN, as demonstrated by the upregulation of chemokines. Chemokines were
originally identified as regulators of peripheral immune cell trafficking, and chemokines are also expressed
on neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system.

Objective:

In this review, we collected evidence demonstrating that chemokines are potential mediators
and contributors to pain signalling in CIPN. The expression of chemokines and their receptors,
such as CX3CL1/CX3CR1, CCL2/CCR2, CXCL1/CXCR2, CXCL12/CXCR4 and CCL3/CCR5, is
altered in the pathological conditions of CIPN, and chemokine receptor antagonists attenuate neuropathic
pain behaviour.

Conclusion:

By understanding the mechanisms of chemokine-mediated communication, we may reveal
chemokine targets that can be used as novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of CIPN.
In Silico Elucidation of the Molecular Recognition of Phenol Derivative Compounds and Hippuryl-histidyl-leucine as an Artificial Substrate with the Experimental Target: Angiotensin-converting Enzyme
Authors: Vázquez-Valaldez Víctor Hugo , Hernández S Manuel Alejandro , Cedillo Ivonne Carrillo , Velázquez Sanchez Ana María , Guevara Mildred Sauce , Castañares Rafael López , Ángeles Enrique
Published: September 2019

Background:

An elucidation study was carried out to evaluate 19 different methylthiomorpholine,
methylmorpholine and piperidine compounds as possible inhibitors of the Angiotensin
Converter Enzyme (ACE) using as a positive blank: Captopril, drug used as an antihypertensive agent
and known for its biological effect over ACE. Also, the interaction using Hippuryl-histidyl-leucine
(HHL) as an artificial substrate was simulated.

Methods:

The study was made using the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE), SYBYL and
Gaussian software.

Results:

All the molecular recognition process was performed under the conditions reported for such
interaction, in order to emulate the experimental parameters as close as is possible to a real system.

Conclusion:

After the calculations the best candidates for the ACE inhibition were determined.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Children with Type-I Diabetes Mellitus Hospitalized for Ketoacidosis
Authors: Ababulgu Roza Zinab , Tesfaye Behailu Terefe
Published: September 2019

Background:

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a common autoimmune disorder that often presents in children. In these patients, diabetic ketoacidosis is one of the most common and serious acute complications associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, limited studies are conducted in Ethiopia.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to assess patient-related characteristics and outcomes of diabetic ketoacidosis, and their relative difference among children with newly diagnosed and previously known type-I diabetes mellitus.

Methods:

This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of 63 type-1 diabetes patients admitted for ketoacidosis at Jimma university medical center, a tertiary hospital. Data was collected using a checklist, and entered into Epidata 4.2.0.0 and analyzed using STATA 13.0. Descriptive statistics was performed; Mann-Whitney and Chi-square test statistics were employed for comparison.

Result:

Of the total, 39 were newly diagnosed type-I diabetes patients. Polydipsia and Polyuria (each in 74.6%) were the predominant symptoms at presentation. ketoacidosis precipitants were undocumented in the majority of the patients (53.97%). Mean (±SD) Random blood sugar was 434.05 (±117.62)mg/dl. Ketoacidosis was mild in severity in 63.49%. Family history of diabetes, unknown precipitants and the first episode of ketoacidosis were significantly different among the new and known type-I diabetes patients. No mortality was documented.

Conclusion:

The observed patient characteristics are typical of those reported in many studies and standard resources. Despite no mortality was documented, the need for early diagnosis and management should not be overlooked. Further study, with large sample size, is recommended to point-out the real characteristics difference among new and known type-I diabetes mellitus patients admitted for ketoacidosis.
Synthesis of Substituted Cinnamido Linked Quinazolinone Congeners as Potential Anticancer Agents via Mitochondrial Dependent Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
Authors: Manasa Kesari L. , Saifi Mohd A. , Tangella Yellaiah , Godugu Chandraiah , Alvala Mallika
Published: September 2019

Background:

The synthesis of novel heterocyclic scaffolds with amide functionality is a key research
area due to their plethora of medicinal applications. The present study aims to explore the synthesis of new
cinnamido linked quinazolinone congeners and their potential as anticancer agents.

Methods:

Cytotoxicity evaluation, Cell cycle analysis, JC-1 staining, ROS, Annexin V assays, AO/EB, DAPI
nuclear staining, Colony-forming assay and Western blot analysis.

Results:

Among the synthesized compounds, 5eb and 5fc have shown promising cytotoxic activity with an IC50
value of 3.89±1.01µM and 4.05±0.62µM against HeLa cell lines. The flow-cytometry analysis demonstrated
that the compound 5eb arrested the sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the compound
5eb triggered the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), which was assessed by JC-1
staining and also induced the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species. An increase in the expression of proapoptotic
proteins such as Bax, p53, cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3 by 5eb confirmed the activation of
the mitochondrial-dependent intrinsic apoptosis pathway.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that compound 5eb and 5fc of cinnamido linked quinazolinone derivatives
could serve as potential leads in the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents.
Nutraceuticals’ Novel Formulations: The Good, the Bad, the Unknown and Patents Involved
Authors: Helal Nada A. , Eassa Heba A. , Amer Ahmed M. , Eltokhy Mohamed A. , Edafiogho Ivan , Nounou Mohamed I.
Published: September 2019

:

Traditional nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals hold pragmatic nature with respect to their
definitions, claims, purposes and marketing strategies. Their definitions are not well established
worldwide. They also have different regulatory definitions and registration regulatory processes in
different parts of the world. Global prevalence of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals is noticeably high
with large market share with minimal regulation compared to traditional drugs. The global market is
flooded with nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals claiming to be of natural origin and sold with a therapeutic
claim by major online retail stores such as Amazon and eBay. Apart from the traditional formulations,
many manufacturers and researchers use novel formulation technologies in nutraceutical and
cosmeceutical formulations for different reasons and objectives. Manufacturers tend to differentiate
their products with novel formulations to increase market appeal and sales. On the other hand, researchers
use novel strategies to enhance nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals activity and safety.

:

The objective of this review is to assess the current patents and research adopting novel formulation
strategies in nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals. Patents and research papers investigating nutraceutical
and cosmeceutical novel formulations were surveyed for the past 15 years. Various nanosystems and
advanced biotechnology systems have been introduced to improve the therapeutic efficacy, safety and
market appeal of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals, including liposomes, polymeric micelles, quantum
dots, nanoparticles, and dendrimers. This review provides an overview of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals
current technologies, highlighting their pros, cons, misconceptions, regulatory definitions and
market. This review also aims in separating the science from fiction in the nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals
development, research and marketing.
The Relationship between Pre-miR-3131 3-bp Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Susceptibility and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Azizi Mahsa , Rahimi Nahid , Bahari Gholamreza , Hashemi Seyed Mehdi , Hashemi Mohammad
Published: September 2019

Aims:

This study aimed at examining the effect of 3-bp pre-miR-3131 insertion/deletion (ins/del) polymorphism on Breast Cancer (BC) risk.

Objectives:

Totally 403 women including 199 BC patients and 204 women who have no cancer were included in this case-control study. Genotyping of miR-3131 3-bp ins/del polymorphism was performed by mismatch PCR-RFLP method.

Methods:

The findings expressed that the pre-miR-3131 3-bp ins/del variant was not related to the risk of BC in all genetic tested models. While, the ins/del genotype was related to late onset BC (OR=2.53, 95%CI=1.27-4.84, p=0.008).

Results:

Pooled results from the meta-analysis indicated to that the pre-miR-3131 ins/del is related to with an increased risk of cancer in heterozygous (OR=1.26, 95%CI=1.06-1.51, p=0.01), dominant (OR=1.33, 95%CI=1.14-1.54, p=0.0002), and allele (OR=1.24, 95%CI=1.06-1.45, p=0.006) genetics models.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that, our findings did not support a relationship between pre-miR-3131 ins/del polymorphism and the risk of BC. While, this variant was significantly related to late onset BC. Combined results of this study with previous studies indicated that this polymorphism increased the risk of cancer. More studies in a study with larger population with variety of ethnicities are required to verify our findings.
Grid-connected Control Strategy for Controllable Hybrid Systems Based on Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Li Zheng , Zhang Liping , Du Lei , Dong Weichao , Sun Hexu
Published: September 2019

Background:

Aiming at the power fluctuation of wind/ photovoltaic (PV)/ energy storage
(ES) hybrid energy conversion system injected into the grid, this paper builds a mathematical model
system of distributed microgrid with PV coupling to the DC side of the doubly fed induction generator
(DFIG) and proposes hierarchical and phased power coordination strategy.

Methods:

The hydrogen storage part and the Supercapacitor (SC) are used as backup power and
power adjustment units to ensure power supply reliability and compensate for the shortcomings of
wind and solar energy intermittent. The power coordination strategy assigns power reference control
and the power controller follows the reference value (i.e., hierarchical control). The electrolysis cell
(EL) and the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) perform phased power control (i.e.,
minimum power, rated power, maximum power). The SC is divided into two operating modes,
which are the same or opposite to the EL/PEMFC output power direction.

Results:

To reduce the wait time of the SC, the SC is free to switch between the two modes by setting
the recovery voltage. The SC is mainly aimed at wind speed and load abrupt changes, and the
hydrogen storage part is designed to solve the short-term energy shortage and surplus.

Conclusion:

In the 3-machine 9-bus system, the actual wind power, irradiance and temperature data
of North China are used for verification. The method can effectively balance the wind wave fluctuation
power, prolong the life of the EL, fully utilize the space of the SC, and reduce the cost.