bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tools for Data Governance
Authors: Madison Michael
Published: February 2025

This article describes the challenges of data governance in terms of the broader framework of knowledge commons governance, an institutional approach to gov- erning shared knowledge, information, and data resources. Knowledge commons governance highlights the potential for effective community- and collective-based governance of knowledge resources. The article focuses on key concepts within the knowledge commons framework rather than on specific law and public pol- icy questions, directing the attention of researchers and policymakers to critical inquiry regarding relevant social groups and relevant data “things.” Both concepts are key tools for effective data governance.
The Chilean constitutional-making process
Authors: Mery Verónica
Published: February 2025

The Chilean constitution making-process appears to be one of the most interesting democratic exercises of recent times within the context of a connected society and the increased interest in constitutionalism as a way of shaping and countering digital colonialism and digital constitutionalism, respectively.
Consequently, this paper explores how the Chilean constitution-making experience contributes to framing and re-imaging the rise of digital constitutionalism by addressing the challenges of digital colonialism within a constitutional framework.
The primary goal of this article is to analyse the path and the digital regulatory provisions of the Chilean Constitutional Convention to explore how both processes seek to offer a new approach to defining digital space through a constitutional lens. The included fundamental rights and principles should at least open the debate on the urgency to rethink how we respond to digital colonialism through a constitutional approach.
Glorification of Hegemonic Masculinity and Misogyny in “Animal” Movie
Authors: Muhammad Jahanzaib Dildar  , Rabbani Kiran , Kousar Rubina
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze how hegemonic masculinity is represented and endorsed on the Bollywood screen with emphasis on the latest film compulsively titled “Animal”. Hegemonic masculinity, as the ideal type of masculinity that is maintained, empowers the domination of others and renders power over women and other subordinated masculinities. In this context, the study uses qualitative content analysis to analyze narrative elements, characters and dialogs in “Animal” and to consider what images of hegemonic masculinity are constructively raised. In this research, the lessons learned from key scenes and interactions will be analyzed to determine how the film promotes gender role stereotypes and unequal power relations in the home domain. By analyzing both films, the paper concludes that “Animal” celebrates the virtues of rage, domination and repression, stripping women off their personality and turning them into mere submissive tools. These perceptions assist in perpetuating negative gender roles and shape social perceptions of relations between genders. In addition, the study raises questions and concerns relating to the assessment of the critical and audience reception of the film, further enhancing comprehension of its significance. These findings provide the impetus for Bollywood filmmakers to offer a standard that is less patently sexist and more progressive. This paper thus presents a call for the development of hegemonic masculinity depicting Indian media and urging change in the representation of gender in Indian cinema.
Language as Access Point to Spatial Knowledge: A Cognitive Discourse Analysis (CODA) of Planning & Navigation Accounts
Authors: Rabbia Noreen  , Huma Batool  , Syeda Juwairyya Mobein
Published: February 2025

This article aims to identify the type of spatial knowledge in use when people plan or navigate a route in any unfamiliar environment. For this purpose, route descriptions were used as a medium to examine and identify linguistic items that refer to spatial knowledge at work during planning and navigation. In this regard, two spatial tasks were designed including map reading and real-time navigation activities, followed by the retrospective interviews under the methodological framework of Cognitive Discourse Analysis (CODA). The linguistic data showed that people use spatial linguistic markers to indicate concrete spatial elements such as landmarks, start and end points, directions and positions, public orientation aids including objects in the spatial field, referential statements, deixis, explorations items and linguistic items to indicate certainty and uncertainty in the new environment.   The findings suggest that in the planning discourses, linguistic items related to concrete spatial elements and uncertainty markers were prevalent as map presents concrete information and provides a 2-D view of the environment. On the contrary, the dominance of linguistic items related to public orientations aids were observed in the real-time navigation data. This suggests that participants, while exploring the actual field, were relying more on their referential system to remain oriented in the 3-D environment. Overall, the findings confirm that human language carries the mental representations to express cognitive functions at work during any cognitive task.
Protecting wolves in anthropocentric landscapes: some reflections on the entanglement of wolves, humans, and laws
Authors: Stenseke Arup Gustav
Published: February 2025

As an important factor in the return of the wolves across the continent, the legal protection of wolves in Europe has often been heralded as a success. The reappearance of wolves in landscapes from which they have been extinct for a long time has however resulted in new challenges for this legal protection. As the populations have increased, so have the conflicts with, as well as between, humans. By picturing the legal protection of wolves as co-produced by wolves, humans, laws, and other bodies in the landscape, this article shows how aversions towards wolves merge with larger political discourses that creep up on the wolves in the laws as well as in the forests. As discussed in this article, it is not always certain that stricter laws lead to stronger protection of the wolves. Having situated the laws within the landscapes where they are supposed to function, the paper concludes by discussing some challenges this poses for animal law and visions of a post-anthropocentric legal system in general. The article focuses specifically on the wolf conflicts in Sweden and its neighboring countries. The analysis of these local conflicts might serve as an example of the complexities inherent in these kinds of conflicts concerning large carnivores in general.
PFAS (perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances) and breast cancer
Authors: Wexler Margaret , Di Pasquale Alice , Moody Hannah
Published: February 2025

PFAS comprise a large class of synthetic compounds that contain carbon-fluorine bonds. They have heat-resistant, non-stick and water-repellent properties and are used widely in food packaging, textiles, non-stick cookware, cosmetics and fire-fighting foam. They degrade very slowly and are distributed globally. PFAS are found in body fluids and tissues, for example, blood, breast milk and placenta. They are associated with many health problems, including cancer, and may increase breast cancer risk. Animal studies have shown that PFAS exposure may increase the risk of mammary tumours, and in utero (i.e. in the womb), exposure may affect mammary gland development. In vitro, PFAS increase human breast cell proliferation and migration. Elevated serum levels of PFAS in humans may be associated with increased breast cancer risk. Some PFAS are banned due to their persistence and health effects. Those in current use are also persistent and likely to be harmful. Breast Cancer UK supports a ban on all non-essential use of PFAS.
THE EFFECT OF DIMENSIONS OF BRAND PERSONALITY ON ACTUAL AND IDEAL SELF-IMAGE CONGRUENCE: EVIDENCE FROM STARBUCKS COFFEE BRAND
Authors: Arslandere Murat , Yıldırım Şeyma
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to examine the simultaneous impact of brand personality dimensions on actual and ideal self-image congruence in a sample of Starbucks coffee shops.The data were gathered via an online survey of 471 customers of Starbucks coffee shops in Türkiye. Structural equation modelling was employed for the purpose of data analysis. It has been observed that excitement, which is a dimension of brand personality, has a positive effect on actual self-image congruence. Similarly, the sophistication dimension of brand personality has been found to positively affect ideal self-image congruence. Therefore, it can be said that while Starbucks customers tend to show their actual self-image congruence with the excitement dimension of brand personality, they tend to show their ideal self-image congruence with the sophistication dimension of brand personality. This study represents an inaugural attempt to demonstrate the impact of brand personality dimensions on self-image congruence within the context of branded coffee shops. The results contribute to the growing body of knowledge regarding the relationship between brand personality dimensions and ideal and actual self-image congruence, which is still in its infancy in academic literature.
Accidental Releases of Toxic Gas Acetylene-Simulation With Aloha Software
Authors: Ilić Predrag , Stojanović Bjelić Ljiljana , Nešković Markić Dragana , Mrazovac Kurilić Sanja , Ur Rahman Farooqi Zia , Yousuf Jat Baloch Muhammad , Hassan Mohamed Mohamed , Ali Ahmed Mohamed , Brdar Lucija
Published: February 2025

Uncontrolled acetylene release during production processes, transportation, or storage can lead to explosions and detonations endangering safety of people and material assets. This paper investigates the impact of accidental release of acetylene gas in surrounding areas. The ALOHA software has been used in this paper to modelling of acetylene release. The modelling was performed for an accidental release of 2,000 kg acetylene from direct source for one minute. F or a typical average atmospheric condition in location, this accidental acetylene release would cause a red zone of 197 m (15,000 ppm) and yellow zone of 483 m (2,500 ppm) to downwind from the source. Inadequate storage can lead to accidental situations and negative impact on people and the environment.
Research of the vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the placenta
Authors: Blagojević Vesna , Ljubojević Vesna , Ćuk Mirjana , Halilbašić Meliha
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The development of tissues in certain organs takes place simultaneously with the development of blood vessels. The placenta is an organ whose development provides a unique model for examining and understanding the process of organogenesis. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the first identified angiogenic factors and one of the most important regulators of normal and pathological angiogenesis. The aim of the study was to determine the localization and intensity of VEGF expression in the normal term placenta. Methods: The study analyzed ten normal term placental samples of healthy pregnant women (from the 38th to the 40th week of gestation). Placental tissue sections were stained with the standard hematoxylin-eosin method (HE) and with the immunohistochemical method for VEGF. Results: The small number of cells of the amniotic epithelium and trophoblast had positive VEGF expression of low intensity. Positive VEGF expression of moderate intensity was present in a small number of cells of the chorionic plate stroma, villi stroma, and basal plate. Positive VEGF expression of moderate intensity was present in more than 50% of endothelial cells (3+) of all placental blood vessels. Conclusions: Positive VEGF expression was present in the amniotic epithelium, mesenchymal cells of the chorionic plate, trophoblast, stroma cells of the villi, endothelial cells of the placental blood vessels, and the cells of the basal decidua. In the placenta, the most intensive immunoreactivity for VEGF was present in the endothelium of the placental blood vessels. Positive VEGF expression in the normal placenta indicates a significant role of VEGF in the development of the placenta.
Complications in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Jovičić Željko , Cvijetić Željka , Marković Bogdana , Manojlović Slavko
Published: February 2025

Primary total hip arthroplasty is a surgery during which an orthopedic specialist removes damaged parts of hip and replaces them with parts usually built from metal, ceramics and very hard plastic. Modern technology, materials of good quality and an advanced operative technique enable quick postoperative recovery and total disappearance of pain that was present before the operation. Despite all preoperative and postoperative measures applied, some complications may occur, these include: infections, luxations, periprosthetic fractures, implant allergy, psoas impingement, deep vein thrombosis, neurological complications, allergy to metal implants as well as fatal outcome.
The effect of anticipatory consistency on perceived stress level of women: coping as a mediator
Authors: Borovikov Andrei Vladislavovich , Limanskaia Alina Eduardovna
Published: February 2025

Every day a person experiences tension and perceives various situations as stressful. Stress is known to have an impact on mental and physical health. There is evidence that women experience more distress than men. In this regard, it becomes relevant to study the factors and mechanisms associated with distress in women. Coping strategies and anticipatory consistency can be attributed to such variables. An analysis of the literature revealed a shortage of studies that would examine the relationship between anticipatory well-being, coping behavior, and perceived stress. The aim of the current study is to determine how anticipatory well–being affects perceived stress of women, and whether coping strategies are involved in this relationship. It is assumed that anticipatory consistency is negatively related to perceived stress, and coping strategies mediate the relationship between anticipation and stress. The study involved 305 female respondents. The following psychodiagnostic methods were used: the scale of perceived stress 10, the questionnaire "Strategies of coping behavior", a short version of the test of anticipatory consistency. Statistical methods: correlation analysis, simple mediation analysis, multiple mediation analysis. The result is a model of multiple mediation. Anticipatory well-being of women is negatively related to the level of perceived stress. This relationship is not direct, but is mediated by coping strategies. Coping methods such as "escape-avoidance" and "problem-solving planning" mediate the relationship between anticipatory well-being and the level of perceived stress. The higher the level of anticipatory ability, the higher the probability of using the "problem solving planning" strategy, which reduces the level of perceived stress, and the lower the probability of actualizing the "escape-avoidance" coping strategy, which is associated with increased stress. Anticipatory consistency makes it possible to predict the results of coping behavior even before the actualization of a specific activity, and coping strategies act as specific efforts that affect stress. The main limitations of the current work are also briefly considered.
Perceived Containment as a Predictor of Children’s Aggression Towards Peers
Authors: Gowin Kristina
Published: February 2025

The current study investigates the extent to which children’s levels of perceived containment predict their aggression towards peers in a community program in a sample of 132 school-age children (Mean age = 8.83 years; 55% male). Perceived Containment was assessed by the administration of the Perceived Containment Questionnaire (PCQ) (Schneider et al., 2003). Relational Aggression was measured by using the Children’s Social Behavior Scale-Teacher Report (Crick et al., 1996). Children’s ratings on the Perceived Containment Questionnaire were found to be unrelated to staff reports of relational aggression. However, a direct relationship was discovered between children's ratings on the Perceived Containment Questionnaire and staff reports of physical aggression. These findings suggest that perceived containment may be a predictor of children’s physical aggression towards peers and this relationship is deserving of further investigation.
Price Appreciation, Bargaining Power, and the Determinants of Corporate Leasing Policy
Authors: Stone Daniel
Published: February 2025

This study uses price appreciation and bargaining power measures to determine whether current accounting standards are effective at classifying leases by ownership risk. I use a regression model, and find that there is a positive and significant relationship between changes in capital leases and my proxies for price appreciation and the interaction between price appreciation and bargaining power. I also find, however, that it’s possible that operating leases may be increasing faster, which would discount the theory that these standards are operating properly. These results should be cause for further study on the subject and should be interesting to regulators.
Two-Echelon Location-Routing Problem with Fuzzy Demand of Rural E-Commerce Logistics
Authors: LU Xiaojuan , WANG Jianjun , WU Shuai , ZHENG Shiyu , LIU Qian
Published: February 2025

To promote the green and high-quality development of rural e-commerce logistics, we propose the Two-Echelon Location-Routing Problem with Fuzzy Demand (2E-LRP-FD) of the rural e-commerce logistics network. Considering fuzzy demand, government subsidies and simultaneous delivery, the objective function aims to maximise the profit of enterprises considering government subsidies. The fuzzy chance-constrained programming method is used to deal with the triangular fuzzy variables of pickup demands. Additionally, we present a two-stage Improved Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (INSGA-II) that integrates stochastic simulation and a K-means clustering algorithm to effectively solve the problem. In the end, the numerical experiments of algorithm and model design are verified. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed INSGA-II is significantly efficient and effective. Furthermore, we discuss the relationship between subsidy strategies and logistics enterprise profits. This research contributes valuable insights for the establishment of rural e-commerce logistics systems.
How to Reduce Work-Related Road Deaths? Driver Fatigue Monitoring – Case Study
Authors: DAVIDOVIĆ Jelica , PEŠIĆ Dalibor , ANTIĆ Boris
Published: February 2025

Work-related road deaths are the leading cause of occupational death. These traffic accidents contribute to at least one quarter all work-related deaths. Key risk factors associated with driving for work are driver fatigue and speeding. Driver fatigue is the growing problem of the new era. Due to traffic exposure, commercial vehicles are identified as a particularly risky category. According to traffic accident data, depending on the country, the percentage of traffic accidents caused by driver fatigue ranges up to 40%. In this paper, we used a unique procedure for identifying fatigue based on eleven factors, using expert knowledge, budget allocation and the composite rank method. The case study was realised in the Republic of Serbia, which is a country with a huge professional drivers deficiency problem. The main objective of this paper is to present an approach to reducing work-related road deaths to reach vision zero, based on a model for identifying commercial vehicle driver fatigue before the drivers start their shift. The advantage of this model is that it does not distract the driver in any way while driving and is based on objective data. It does not require recording the driver with a camera or hooking up to an electrode to record heart or brain activity.
Stratified Assessment of Urban Low-Carbon Travel Potential
Authors: DING Keyuan , ZHANG Yan , ZHOU Xu , GUO Hai-Xu , PENG Ran
Published: February 2025

Non-motorised travel and public transportation travel are recognised as low-carbon travel modes, in contrast to car travel, which is considered a non-low-carbon option. Based on this, the paper proposes a stratified assessment method for the urban low-carbon travel potential. The proportion of the motorised travel population that could potentially shift to non-motorised travel within the entire travel population is defined as the urban Tier 1 low-carbon travel potential. Meanwhile, the proportion of the car travel population that could potentially shift to public transportation travel within the entire travel population is defined as the urban Tier 2 low-carbon travel potential. This method holistically presents the potential for improvement in urban traffic carbon emission control. This method considers distance as a primary negative factor affecting the residents’ willingness to engage in non-motorised travel compared to motorised travel. Additionally, it recognises connection, delay and transfer as the main negative factors influencing the residents’ willingness for public transportation travel over car travel. By comparing the actual travel distances of residents and the actual intensity of connection, delay and transfer in public transportation travel modes with the assumed maximum acceptable distances and intensity for residents, the method identifies the number of people who could potentially shift to corresponding levels of low-carbon travel in hypothetical scenarios. Based on this, the corresponding low-carbon travel potential values are calculated. The method then further analyses the trend of these values as the residents’ acceptable thresholds for non-motorised travel distances and acceptable intensity for public transportation travel connection, delay and transfer change. A relationship curve is fitted, which intriguingly exhibits a reverse “S” shape, allowing for the identification of the “rapid release zone” and “key points” on the curve. These insights are essential for effectively targeting interventions to increase the adoption of low-carbon travel modes. This paper takes the cities of Shanghai and Wuhan in China as examples, conducting a stratified assessment of the low-carbon travel potential for both cities based on 19,732 daily travel origin– destination (OD) survey samples from residents. Additionally, the low-carbon travel potential of the two cities is visualised by district, enabling an analysis of the characteristics of low-carbon travel potential in each city and a comparison of the differences in low-carbon travel potential between them.
The Hot Spots and Frontiers of Research on Canal Transportation – A Bibliometric Analysis in CiteSpace
Authors: SUN Lei
Published: February 2025

As artificial waterway transportation systems, canals played a crucial role in the initial stages of the Industrial Revolution, facilitating faster, more convenient and economically viable mass transportation of goods, thus becoming indispensable components in certain regions’ urbanisation and industrialisation processes. This study employs the bibliometric analysis tool CiteSpace to investigate 212 papers on canal transportation from the Web of Science over the past three decades. The objective of this research is to elucidate the knowledge structure through visual representations of collaboration networks, co-citation networks, keyword co-occurrence and clustering patterns. In the findings, we establish author, institution and country co-authorship networks to ascertain the distribution of core journals by determining journal co-citation networks. The literature co-citation network reveals the main research themes and knowledge structure of canal transportation. Influential authors are identified through author co-citation networks, while research hotspots and frontiers are discovered through keyword co-occurrence networks. This study offers a comprehensive and informative perspective on current trends and research developments in canal transportation. Additionally, we propose future research directions with potential prospects to propel the advancement of this field further comprehensively.
Transformative Constitutionalism and Kenya
Authors: Bhatia Gautam
Published: February 2025

A key book about rights, separation of powers and the State, which assesses a decade and a half of transformative constitutionalism in Kenya through the lens of landmark constitutional judgments, discussing their international import and suggesting new pathways towards democratic constitutionalism.

In 2010, after more than two decades of struggle, Kenya's new Constitution was born. Widely accepted to be "transformative" in nature, in the decade and a half since it was enacted, the Constitution has been at the centre of national discourse. And in that time, the country's courts have been confronted with crucial and high-stakes constitutional disputes, which are both distinctively Kenyan in nature, but also, are disputes that have long been common to constitutional democracies around the world: they include issues around constitutional change, federalism, imperial presidencies, the role of the legislature, election disputes, land rights, and horizontality, among others. Drawing comparisons with constitutional jurisdictions globally, which often rely upon precedent from each other's jurisdictions, this book examines transformative constitutionalism under the 2010 Constitution, and shows that while Kenyan courts have been informed by - and been in conversation with - global precedent, they have crafted unique and particular solutions.

The book excavates the engagement of Kenyan Courts with the 2010 Kenyan Constitution to highlight the unique and innovative contributions that Kenyan courts have made to global constitutional problems and to suggest pathways for the future. Showcasing the jurisprudence of the courts in action, this book discusses how and when the power to amend a constitution can be limited or constrained and how constitutional change can be insulated from political interference. It examines issues of parliamentarianism and devolution in the context of the national controversy around constituency development funds, and reveals how Kenya provides a model for understanding constitutional separation of powers. It looks at the process for challenging presidential elections, and details how the Supreme Court has aimed to set out clear legal and evidentiary standards for how a court ought to deal with a pure political dispute - something with which judiciaries around the world have struggled. It explores the evolution of socio-economic rights, including the right to housing, non-discrimination, and equality before the law, as well as the question of how transformative constitutionalism interrogates private power. Placing contemporary Kenyan constitutionalism at its heart, this work of comparative constitutional law asks what the ongoing, global constitutional conversation can learn from the Kenyan experience under its new order.
A History of India Volume 1
Authors: Torri Michelguglielmo
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive and in-depth exploration of one of the oldest civilisations in the world, revealing the dynamic changes of its society, the links to the rest of the world and the underlying forces that led to its significant role on the global stage.

This is the first of a three-volume history of India, characterized by three main arguments: (a) Indian history has been crucially conditioned by the connections linking the Indian subcontinent to the remainder of the world; (b) Indian society was never static, but always crisscrossed by powerful currents of change; (c) colonialism caused both the crystallization of a 'traditional' society - which, in that shape, had never really existed before - and, at the same time, the rise of modernity.

This volume examines the history of India from the first human settlements in the subcontinent up to the death of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1717. The political, military, economic and social developments are analysed against the backdrop represented by the rise, decline, fall and renaissance of flourishing urban civilizations. While the economy remained mainly agrarian, long-distance trade and pre-modern, but quite sophisticated, manufacturing and service activities rose, declined and rose again. This caused the parallel rise, decline and resurgence of intermediate social strata, later resulting in the formation of a modern bourgeoisie. While the existing religious and cultural strands are analysed, a particular emphasis is placed on the relations between the two main religious traditions, Hinduism and Islam. This volume demonstrates that, despite exceptions, an essentially harmonious coexistence prevailed, which often resulted in cooperation. This coexistence came into being as a result of both Realpolitik and the presence, within both Hinduism and Islam, of surprisingly similar mystical movements extremely influential both at the mass level and at the level of the ruling classes.
Putting Plastic Surgery on Paper
Authors: Slobogin Christine
Published: February 2025

Taking an interdisciplinary approach to medical history, this book shows the key role that drawings and photographs had in shaping the material, professional, emotional and aesthetic parameters of reconstructive plastic surgery in Britain during the 20th century.Plastic surgery in twentieth-century Britain was a medical discipline with deep ties to art, artists and art history. It was also a field still in the process of creating its reputation and its archives. Putting Plastic Surgery on Paper examines these archives, focusing in particular on the works on paper held within these collections by two artists: Diana "Dickie" Orpen and Percy Hennell. Plastic surgeons depended upon the drawings and photographs made by these and other medical illustrators to craft certain narratives about their field and their surgical practice.

In addition to telling an art history of plastic surgery during this period, Putting Plastic Surgery on Paper engages with the affective parameters of archival objects, and with what working as a historian involves when done within potentially traumatic spaces. Paying particular attention to the emotional dimensions and effects of this visual culture and the ways in which it is archived and framed by the discipline of plastic surgery - then and now - Putting Plastic Surgery on Paper explores not only what it meant to make art in a surgical space, but also what it means to study these affecting paper objects in the archive today.
This book is available as Open Access under the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND.
The New German Jewish Literature
Authors: Taberner Stuart
Published: February 2025

Posits a New German Jewish Literature that has surprising implications for today's German Jewish - and Jewish - identity, including solidarity with others, even after October 7, 2023.

Eighty years after the Holocaust, it is now possible to speak of a New German Jewish Literature. Emerging out of a community that, following the arrival of more than 200,000 people of Jewish ancestry from the former Soviet Union, is now vastly larger, increasingly diverse, and culturally vibrant, German Jewish writers are re-articulating what it means to be Jewish in the "land of the perpetrators." More generally, they are also rethinking Jewish values and Jewish solidarity against the backdrop of global events and trends such as the resurgence of antisemitism, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and growing intolerance toward ethnic, religious, and sexual minorities.

Stuart Taberner's book provides the first comprehensive account of the tension between Jewish particularism and Jewish universalism that characterizes this New German Jewish Literature. To what extent should Jewish identity be focused on the "Jewishness" of the Jewish experience, including the Holocaust? Or does "Jewish purpose" reside in expressing solidarity with persecuted minorities everywhere? Taberner argues that this new literature presents an aesthetically engaging and politically nuanced deliberation on Holocaust memory, on worldliness, and on solidarity - with sometimes surprising and radical implications for modern-day German Jewish and Jewish identity. He also examines authors' responses to the Hamas attack on Israel of October 7, 2023, and speculates about the future of German Jewish writing.

This book is available as Open Access under the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND.
A Cultural History of the Violin in Nineteenth-Century London
Authors: Wilder Tom
Published: February 2025

Examines the violin's evolution as not just instrument but valued objet d'art through the eyes of musicians, collectors, makers, dealers, connoisseurs, journalists, auctioneers and traders.

The nineteenth century saw developments in the composition, performance and reception of classical music that led to an unprecedented shift in how the violin was appreciated, from humble craft object to one of art. A utilitarian tool defined in 1800 by its tonal properties became by century's end an expensive objet d'art, classified almost exclusively in terms of physical, visible properties. In London's vibrant musical life, Cremonese violins acquired special significance and in turn helped shape the beliefs, knowledge and behaviour of the disparate actors connected to the instrument: musicians, collectors, makers, dealers, connoisseurs, journalists, auctioneers and traders.

By 1880, London had supplanted Paris as the centre of the international violin trade. One firm in particular, W.E. Hill & Sons, emerged as a major presence in both the local musical community and the global violin market. The Hills were makers, restorers, dealers, and connoisseurs. They were also writers, collectors, and melomaniacs deeply implicated in London's instrument auction and exhibition scene. The mutually reinforcing nature of these activities - which they consciously turned to account for commercial reasons - bear witness to events and developments earlier in the century. Their story illuminates this first study of the violin's nineteenth-century journey from simple musical instrument to mystified work of art.
Comparative Nutritional and Antinutritional Qualities of Local and Breeder Tomato Improved Varieties
Authors: O.A. Abejoye, , B.A. Bamkefa, , B.M. Olowe,
Published: February 2025

Tomatoes are a globally consumed fruit valued for their rich nutrients and dietary versatility. This study compared the nutritional and antinutritional properties of three breeder-improved tomato varieties and one local variety using standard AOAC methods. Results indicated that breeder varieties had higher moisture (86.32–90.83%) than the local variety (85.50%), along with superior protein (0.85–2.40% to 1.60%), potassium (47.10–53.20 ppm to 45.00 ppm), and magnesium (5.99–21.56 ppm to 18.50 ppm). Conversely, the local variety exhibited higher carbohydrates (7.10% to 2.70–6.70%). Breeder varieties also demonstrated lower oxalate levels (0.36–1.53 mg/g to 1.90 mg/g) and higher vitamin C content (119.14–194.00 mg/100g to 110.00 mg/100g). Significant differences (α=0.05) were found across most parameters except for ash, moisture, carbohydrates, sodium, and phytic acid. Overall, breeder tomatoes offer enhanced nutritional benefits and reduced antinutritional factors, making them more suitable for dietary and agricultural use compared to local varieties.
Investment Evaluation of Rural Revitalization Projects: A Case of the B Village Rural Tourism Project in L City as an Example
Authors: Ma Rongyang
Published: February 2025

National rejuvenation requires rural revitalization. Investment in rural projects is an important way to promote rural revitalization. Based on the rural tourism project in B Village, L City, this article elaborates on the basic situation and operational status of the project, and evaluates its economic and social benefits. Rural project investment faces issues such as a shortage of grassroots talent, insufficient financial resources, and inadequate management. Therefore, effectively introducing and educating project talents, enhancing the efficiency of fund utilization, and implementing project supervision and management are effective ways to address project challenges.
Avifaunal Diversity of Shaheed Ashfaq Ullah Khan Prani Udyan (Zoological Park) in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Talreja Ashika , Singh Abhimanyu Anand , Maurya Vipul
Published: February 2025

Avian taxa are natural indicators of a healthy ecosystem. India has 1332 bird species, about 6% of population. Birds survey was carried out in the winter season from December 2023 to February 2024 at Gorakhpur Zoo (26.713403°N and 83.407705°E, 68m altitude), Uttar Pradesh, following the fixed transects. We recorded 85 avian species belonging to 39 families and 17 orders. Ardeidae was the most diverse family of birds in the study area (RDi value = 8.33). Among the recorded species, 63 species are Resident, 19 species are winter migrant and 3 species are local migrant. During the survey, we recorded one threatened species and winter migrant, the Ferruginous Pochard. There are no studies conducted on birds at the study site despite its abundant avian population. It is essential to conduct further research to monitor the species and population trends of birds, particularly in light of shifting climatic conditions.
Physico-chemical Properties and Secondary Nutrient Status of Inceptisol, Entisol, and Vertisol Soils in Renapur Tahsil of Latur District, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Niharika M. , Takankhar V.G.
Published: February 2025

The present investigation was carried out to study the status of secondary nutrients and their correlation with physico-chemical properties in soils of Renapur tahsil of Latur district. For this purpose, total 100 soil samples were collected from twenty villages and from each village, five soil samples were collected. According to their characteristics they were categorized into different orders viz., Inceptisol, Vertisol, Entisol. The soils of Renapur tahsil were neutral to moderately alkaline in soil reaction, no deleterious effect on crop in electrical conductivity, low to moderate to moderately high in organic carbon and non-calcareous (fit for all crops), calcareous (Fit for all crops except citrus) to highly calcareous (Unfit for all crops) in nature. According to the concept of “soil nutrient index”, the availability of nutrients of these soils were moderate in available S (2.24) and high in exchangeable Ca (3.00) and Mg (3.00). Results revealed that all the soil samples are high in exchangeable Ca, Mg and only 16 per cent samples were found to be deficient in available S. This information could aid in decision making for application of plant nutrients for higher monetary returns to the farmers. The correlation study revealed that pH was negatively correlated with exchangeable Ca, available S and positively correlated with Mg. EC was positively correlated with Mg, S and negatively correlated with Ca while organic carbon and CaCO3 was positively correlated with all nutrients.
Study on the Insensitivity Performance of Propellant Charge Container Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Kim Yeonghan , Lee Wonmin , Kim Sungho , Lee Woojin , Yang Seungho , Bak Seongjae , An Sangjun , Kim Daegeon
Published: February 2025

If the internal charge of a propellant charge container explodes or the container is destroyed due to external impact, it can cause significant danger to the surroundings. To reduce this risk, the developed propellant charge container needs to confirm its performance through insensitivity tests. In this study, we researched a propellant charge container with excellent insensitivity performance through shape improvement. Using finite element method, we verified the performance of the improved design shape and produced a propellant charge container reflecting the analysis results. The manufactured propellant charge container was tested through insensitivity tests to confirm its performance.
A Stabilization of Low-Altitude Air Defense Target Identification Using Multi-Target TWS Algorithm
Authors: Song Joonchul , Lee Gunwoo , Kang Chunho , Choi Doo-Hyun
Published: February 2025

Low-altitude anti air defense weapons use Identification Friend or Foe equipment to determine whether aerial targets are friend or not to prevent friendly fire. Due to the characteristics of radio signals, Identification Friend or Foe equipment may generate false targets or may not be accurately identified as friendly forces depending on the operating environment such as surrounding mountains or buildings, which limits smooth operation. To eliminate abnormal targets generated from low-altitude air defense weapons, track-while-scan(TWS) algorithm is proposed in this paper. It could provide the stability enemy identification information to operators.
Antimicrobial And Antibiofilm Action Of Eugenia Caryophyllata Essential Oil Microencapsulated With Whey Protein Isolate
Authors: Carvalho Carolina Magalhães Caires , Tavares Agueda Maria De França , Santos Eliane Macedo Sobrinho , Aguilar Charles Martins , Oliveira Ivan Pires De , Santos Hercules Otacílio , Almeida Anna Christina De
Published: February 2025

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield and efficiency of microencapsulation, as well as the
antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity, of E. caryophyllata essential oil microencapsulated with whey protein
isolate and gum arabic.
Materials and Methods: We also predicted the mechanism of action of whey protein isolate on the bioactive
compound eugenol using bioinformatic analysis. The effects of the microencapsulated clove oil on the strains
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 and Escherichia coli ATCC8739 were evaluated to determine the minimum
inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and adherence of the strains to stainless-steel
coupons.
Results: When the pH reached 3.75, a layer of coacervates of whey protein isolate whey protein isolate and gum
arabic was formed around the oil droplets. The microencapsulated essential oil was 100% effective in reducing
E. coli 8739 and S. aureus 43300 adhered to stainless-steel coupons, supporting the efficiency of
microencapsulation in whey protein isolate. Bioinformatics analysis revealed an interaction between eugenol and
the essential amino acids present in whey protein isolate involving nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) and zinc. Thus, microencapsulation of clove essential oil using whey protein isolate is a promising alternative
Long-Term Outcomes of Medical Management vs Bariatric Surgery in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Courcoulas Anita P. , Patti Mary Elizabeth , Hu Bo , Arterburn David E. , Simonson Donald C. , Gourash William F. , Jakicic John M. , Vernon Ashley H. , Beck Gerald J. , Schauer Philip R. , Kashyap Sangeeta R. , Aminian Ali , Cummings David E. , Kirwan John P.
Published: February 2024

Importance

Randomized clinical trials of bariatric surgery have been limited in size, type of surgical procedure, and follow-up duration.

Objective

To determine long-term glycemic control and safety of bariatric surgery compared with medical/lifestyle management of type 2 diabetes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

ARMMS-T2D (Alliance of Randomized Trials of Medicine vs Metabolic Surgery in Type 2 Diabetes) is a pooled analysis from 4 US single-center randomized trials conducted between May 2007 and August 2013, with observational follow-up through July 2022.

Intervention

Participants were originally randomized to undergo either medical/lifestyle management or 1 of the following 3 bariatric surgical procedures: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, or adjustable gastric banding.

Main Outcome and Measures

The primary outcome was change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from baseline to 7 years for all participants. Data are reported for up to 12 years.

Results

A total of 262 of 305 eligible participants (86%) enrolled in long-term follow-up for this pooled analysis. The mean (SD) age of participants was 49.9 (8.3) years, mean (SD) body mass index was 36.4 (3.5), 68.3% were women, 31% were Black, and 67.2% were White. During follow-up, 25% of participants randomized to undergo medical/lifestyle management underwent bariatric surgery. The median follow-up was 11 years. At 7 years, HbA1c decreased by 0.2% (95% CI, −0.5% to 0.2%), from a baseline of 8.2%, in the medical/lifestyle group and by 1.6% (95% CI, −1.8% to −1.3%), from a baseline of 8.7%, in the bariatric surgery group. The between-group difference was −1.4% (95% CI, −1.8% to −1.0%; P < .001) at 7 years and −1.1% (95% CI, −1.7% to −0.5%; P = .002) at 12 years. Fewer antidiabetes medications were used in the bariatric surgery group. Diabetes remission was greater after bariatric surgery (6.2% in the medical/lifestyle group vs 18.2% in the bariatric surgery group; P = .02) at 7 years and at 12 years (0.0% in the medical/lifestyle group vs 12.7% in the bariatric surgery group; P < .001). There were 4 deaths (2.2%), 2 in each group, and no differences in major cardiovascular adverse events. Anemia, fractures, and gastrointestinal adverse events were more common after bariatric surgery.

Conclusion and Relevance

After 7 to 12 years of follow-up, individuals originally randomized to undergo bariatric surgery compared with medical/lifestyle intervention had superior glycemic control with less diabetes medication use and higher rates of diabetes remission.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02328599
Female Sex and Mortality in Patients with Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Authors: Westgeest Annette C. , Lambregts Merel M. C. , Ruffin Felicia , Korn Rachel E. , Webster Maren E. , Kair Jackson L. , Parsons Joshua B. , Maskarinec Stacey A. , Kaplan Samantha , Dekkers Olaf M. , de Boer Mark G. J. , Fowler Vance G. , Thaden Joshua T.
Published: February 2024

Importance

Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of death due to bacterial bloodstream infection. Female sex has been identified as a risk factor for mortality in S aureus bacteremia (SAB) in some studies, but not in others.

Objective

To determine whether female sex is associated with increased mortality risk in SAB.

Data Sources

MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception to April 26, 2023.

Study Selection

Included studies met the following criteria: (1) randomized or observational studies evaluating adults with SAB, (2) included 200 or more patients, (3) reported mortality at or before 90 days following SAB, and (4) reported mortality stratified by sex. Studies on specific subpopulations (eg, dialysis, intensive care units, cancer patients) and studies that included patients with bacteremia by various microorganisms that did not report SAB-specific data were excluded.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by 1 reviewer and verified by a second reviewer. Risk of bias and quality were assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Mortality data were combined as odds ratios (ORs).

Main Outcome and Measures

Mortality at or before 90-day following SAB, stratified by sex.

Results

From 5339 studies retrieved, 89 were included (132 582 patients; 50 258 female [37.9%], 82 324 male [62.1%]). Unadjusted mortality data were available from 81 studies (109 828 patients) and showed increased mortality in female patients compared with male patients (pooled OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.06-1.18). Adjusted mortality data accounting for additional patient characteristics and treatment variables were available from 32 studies (95 469 patients) and revealed a similarly increased mortality risk in female relative to male patients (pooled adjusted OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.11-1.27). No evidence of publication bias was encountered.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, female patients with SAB had higher mortality risk than males in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Further research is needed to study the potential underlying mechanisms.