bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the fluvial capture of the Guadix-Baza Basin in SE Spain through its oldest exorheic deposits
Authors: García-Tortosa Francisco J. , Alfaro Pedro , Martin-Rojas Iván , Medina-Cascales Iván , Giralt Santiago
Published: September 2024

The fluvial capture of endorheic basins represents a milestone in basin chronology, implying a profound disequilibrium that triggers critical geomorphological, sedimentological, paleogeographic, and even paleoecological transformations. The primary goal of many geomorphological studies is to determine the timing of endorheic-to-exorheic transitions with the objective of unveiling the dynamics that follow the capture event. The age of the Guadix-Baza Basin capture in the Central Betic Cordillera (S Spain) remains a subject of controversy, with proposed estimates ranging from 17 to 600 ka. In this study, we present new 234U/230Th and optically stimulated luminescence ages from exorheic deposits exposed within the basin's main fluvial valley, the Guadiana Menor River. We acquired the oldest numerical age recorded to date for a postcapture deposit within the basin. This age corresponds to a travertine platform formed 240.8 ± 25 ka on a surface level that was already incised into the glacis surface at approximately 250 m. Using these data, we estimate that basin capture took place earlier than ca. 240 ka, plus the time required for the river to incise 250 m to the position of the travertine. Furthermore, the proximity of the Matuyama-Brunhes reversal (781 ka) to the top of the endorheic succession and the ages of the paleontological sites (> ca. 750 ka) throughout the basin suggest that the capture could have occurred earlier than the oldest previously proposed age of 600 ka.
Survival study of enteral and parenteral nutrition pathways in critically ill patients receiving vasopressors: an analysis of the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV database
Authors: Sun Aqiao , Li Minling , Song Ye , Song Yinxue , Nan Jiayan
Published: September 2024

This study compared survival outcomes between intensive care unit (ICU) patients receiving enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN) with vasopressor support, explored risk factors affecting clinical outcomes and established an evaluation model. Data from 1046 ICU patients receiving vasopressor therapy within 24 h from 2008 to 2019 were collected. Patients receiving nutritional therapy within 3 d of ICU admission were divided into EN or PN (including PN+EN) groups. Cox analysis and regression were used to determine relevant factors and establish a nomogram for predicting survival. The 28-d survival rate was significantly better in the EN group compared with the PN/PN+EN group. Risk factors included age, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation, red cell distribution width, international normalised ratio, potassium level, mean corpuscular Hg, myocardial infarction, liver disease, cancer status and nutritional status. The nomogram showed good predictive performance. In ICU patients receiving vasopressor drugs, patients receiving EN had a better survival rate than PN. Our nomogram had favourable predictive value for 28-d survival in patients. However, it needs further validation in prospective trials.
The Pangolin Universal Notching System: a scale-marking methodology for pangolins
Authors: Martin Jeannie Miller , Buckley Jacqueline Y. , Connelly Ellen , Hywood Lisa , Lacey L. Mae , Ruden Rachel M. , Ruhagazi Deo , Wearn Anna
Published: September 2024

Despite thousands of individuals entering the illegal wildlife trade each year, assessments of pangolin populations are largely non-existent, even in areas with high exploitation and limited personnel and field equipment. Although pangolins have unique keratin-based scales, there is no universal scale-marking method for individuals despite some pangolin conservation programmes utilizing marking for reference and cataloguing. Each programme currently establishes and manages its own system, resulting in inconsistencies and limiting data sharing. To facilitate pangolin monitoring and research, we developed a standardized method for assigning individual identification numbers, which we call the Pangolin Universal Notching System. This system is neither resource nor training intensive, which could facilitate its adoption and implementation globally. Its application could help to address knowledge gaps in pangolin ageing, reproduction, survivorship, migration and local trafficking patterns, and could be used in combination with other tagging techniques for research on pangolin biology.
Listening to Mapuche sound in Illapu
Authors: Jordán González Laura
Published: September 2024

This article studies how Illapu, a prominent Chilean New Song band, deals with Mapuche culture and sound. Through the analysis of four songs, I argue that by first incorporating Mapuche instruments and rhythms (1970s), and then adding engaged lyrics dealing with Mapuche history (1980s), and finally engaging with Mapuche listeners and artists (1990s–2000s), Illapu participates in the transformation of the way in which indigeneity is conceived. I assert that the transformation of their creative processes takes place in parallel with the emergence of a public political Mapuche subject distinctly identified as such. By positioning themselves as ‘brown’ exemplary agents, the members of Illapu get to voice current Mapuche political demands without resorting to supplantation.
Eastern Spirituality
Authors: Zacharias H. C. E.
Published: September 2024

Paganism, that is ethnic religions, can only be understood historically.
They are the precipitate of a tribe's, a people's, group-experiences during
its process of formation. They are passed on from generation to generation
by way of tradition and are expressed either as customs, as mythology or as
cult—the distinction between these three kinds of thoughts, words and deeds
always remaining pretty vague. Moreover, all these group-expressions are in
a constant flux; new experiences are added, modifying and perhaps logically
contradicting, the previous forms of expression, possibly superseding them
altogether.

Nothing, therefore, could be more misleading than wanting to explain a
pagan ideology, an ethnic religion, in the same manner as that of a religion
based on a depositum fidei, from which everything
can be logically deduced. An ethnic religion never starts as a system,
though in the end, at a certain point of intellectual development,
systematisers arise that try to arrest the growth of amorphous
agglomerations of group-experiences in the rigid moulds of a static
ideology.
The Mission of the Pen
Authors: Meath Gerard
Published: September 2024

The re-publication of Miss Waterhouse's symposium of prose and poetry, a
‘little bundle of thoughts’ as she herself calls it, takes for granted the
relationship between literature and life. When this book was first published
in 1902 it was still fairly widely agreed that literature and any form of
art did touch human life and should be expected to touch human life at many
points. Although Walter Pater and many like him had lived and written, the
‘Art for Art's Sake’ creed had not borne its full fruit. Now almost fifty
years later this same book sees the light again in a world that thinks very
differently. Today it is commonly taken for granted that poetry exists
primarily in its own right and may only be judged
on its own terms. It was indeed very necessary after the excess of ‘moral’
literary criticism to re-establish the natural rights of poetry.
Life Through the Cross
Authors: Foster Paul
Published: September 2024

In a famous picture of the Crucifixion the Cross is depicted soaring
against a dark background of cloud, over the quiet waters of Genesareth—it
recalls that moment when the Lord awakened from slumber in the heart of the
storm and spoke the words … ‘peace, be still’ … and immediately there was a
great calm.

It may have happened to many of you, as it happened to the disciples on
Peter's ship, to undergo a moment of great physical distress, to be lost in
the cloud or the desert, to have the sea raging about you, to see no way out
from a lingering disease. Such moments of physical imprisonment are
paralleled by spiritual distress, the soul in a state of utter loneliness
and desolation … ‘My God, why hast thou forsaken me?’ There is no harbour
visible, no landmark, no sense of direction; only barren snow or solitary
sand, indifferent glances, the howling of air or sea.
The Love Of God In The Old Testament
Authors: Potter Roland
Published: September 2024

One of the Scribes … asked him which was the first commandment of all.
But Jesus answered him, The first commandment of all is,
In Pursuit of the Analytical Unit. Island Archaeology as a Case Study
Authors: Calvo-Trias Manuel
Published: September 2024

The present study offers an epistemological and ontological historiographical review of the concept of the unit of analysis using island archaeology as a case study. We carry out a critical investigation to lay out the main ideas used to define units of analysis, and we consider the discourse that has emerged between this and other fields when defining such a concept. From an epistemological point of view, we can define three distinct strategies: first, those that define units of analysis by their outer limits, their borders; secondly, those that make the definition based on the internal dynamics taking place within the units of study; and in third place, strategies that focus on defining the analytical unit as a set of interactions between agents. From a more ontological point of view, we can differentiate between strategies that take on a categorical perspective and those that take on a more relational perspective. Ultimately, we reflect on the conceptualization and function of the unit of analysis in the process of interpretation, and in so doing, we provide evidence of the great theoretical richness of the concept and the multiple interrelated factors involved in its development.
The relationship between perfectionism and self-esteem in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Khossousi Viyona , Greene Danyelle , Shafran Roz , Callaghan Thomas , Dickinson Sheree , Egan Sarah J.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Perfectionism dimensions, including perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns, have a significant positive association with psychopathology. Clinical perfectionism is defined as when an individual’s self-esteem is excessively reliant on meeting high standards despite negative consequences. Numerous studies have found that higher perfectionistic concerns correlate with lower self-esteem; however, evidence for the association with perfectionistic strivings has been mixed.

Aims:

The focus of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to inform theoretical understanding of the relationships between perfectionism dimensions and self-esteem in adults.

Method:

A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, PsycINFO, PsychARTICLES, ProQuest Central, and Scopus on 31 May 2023.

Results:

There were 83 articles included, with 32,304 participants (Mage=∼24.66 years). There was a significant negative moderate pooled association between self-esteem and perfectionistic concerns, r=–.42, 95% CI [–0.47 to –0.38]. A significant negligible positive pooled association was found between self-esteem and perfectionistic strivings, r=.06, 95% CI [0.01 to 0.11]. Results indicate higher perfectionistic concerns is associated with lower self-esteem, providing indirect support for the cognitive-behavioural model of clinical perfectionism.

Conclusions:

Future research should compare cognitive behaviour therapy for perfectionism to treatments for low self-esteem on outcomes of perfectionistic concerns and psychopathology.
Kendhang Gaya Selo: Aesthetic Choice and Musical Exchange among Drummers in Central Java
Authors: STANDIFORD HANNAH M. , SUGIYANTO DANIS , SUYOTO
Published: September 2024

The plucked selo, a three-stringed variation of the cello, in langgam Jawa kroncong music was originally inspired by Javanese gamelan kendhang drumming. By the 1960s, however, Ki Nartosabdho had developed a style of kendhang playing that imitates the selo, often called kendhang gaya selo (selo-style drumming), bringing this musical exchange full circle. Not every piece, however, is considered suitable for this rhythmic treatment. In this article, we examine musical exchanges in a song form known as langgam Jawa between the selo and the Javanese kendhang, and investigate when drummers decide to use kendhang gaya selo in gamelan settings.
Residual and Unmodeled Ocean Tide Signal From 20+ Years of GRACE and GRACE‐FO Global Gravity Field Models
Authors: Koch Igor , Duwe Mathias , Flury Jakob
Published: September 2024

We analyze remaining ocean tide signal in K/Ka‐band range‐rate (RR) postfit residuals, obtained after estimation of monthly gravity field solutions from 21.5 years of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow‐On sensor data. Low‐pass filtered and numerically differentiated residuals are assigned to grids and a spectral analysis is performed using Lomb‐Scargle periodograms. We identified enhanced amplitudes at over 30 ocean tide periods. Spectral replicas revealed several tides from sub‐semidiurnal bands. Increased ocean tide amplitudes are located in expected regions, that is, in high‐latitude, coastal and shallow water regions, although some tides also show distinct patterns over the open ocean. While most identified tides are considered during processing, and therefore the amplitudes represent residual signal w.r.t. the ocean tide model, several unmodeled tides were found, including astronomical degree‐3 tides , , , , and radiational and/or compound tides , , , and . The astronomical degree‐3 tides were observed on a global level for the first time a few years ago in altimeter data. We are unaware of any global data‐constrained solutions for the other tides. The amplitude patterns of these tides exhibit similarities to purely hydrodynamic solutions, and altimeter observations (astronomical degree‐3 only). The sensitivity of the satellites to these rather small tidal effects demands their inclusion into the gravity field recovery processing to reduce orbit modeling errors and a possible aliasing. The conducted study shows enormous potential of RR postfit residuals analysis for validating ocean tide models and improving gravity field recovery processing strategies.
The Interaction Between Climate Forcing and Feedbacks
Authors: Gettelman A. , Eidhammer T. , Duffy M. L. , McCoy D. T. , Song C. , Watson‐Parris D.
Published: September 2024

A Perturbed Parameter Ensemble (PPE) with the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 (CAM6) is used to better understand the sensitivity of aerosol forcing and cloud feedbacks to changes in model processes. Aerosol forcing through aerosol‐cloud interactions is mostly negative (a cooling) due to shortwave radiation, while feedbacks are positive or negative in different regions due to contrasting longwave and shortwave effects. Both forcing and feedbacks are related to the mean climate state. Higher magnitude cloud radiative effects generally mean larger magnitude net negative forcing and larger magnitude net positive feedback. Aerosol forcing is broadly related to the susceptibility of clouds to drop number. Feedbacks also related to susceptibility, but to a lesser extent and in different regions to aerosol forcing. Aerosol forcing and cloud feedbacks are anti‐correlated in the CAM6 PPE such that stronger negative forcing is associated with stronger positive feedbacks. Even the processes governing forcing and feedback sensitivity in the PPE are similar. These include the warm rain formation process, ice loss processes and deep convective intensity.
Post-thaw CD34+ cell recovery likely degraded under extreme graft platelet concentrations
Authors: Duarte Gustavo C. , Ladvanszky Leandro , Atkinson Gavin , Burns Michelle , Madola Dona , Sadani Deepak , Yan-Fischer Marcus , Patel Hemant , Tremblay Jacynthe , Butler Andrew , Rathod Niranjan , Wei Wen-Hua
Published: September 2024

Impaired post-thaw CD34 cell (postCD34) viability in autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplant (ASCT) could indicate delayed engraftment where multiple factors might complicate the relationship. Despite of a couple of unconfirmed reports of a negative correlation of platelet concentration with postCD34 viability, how platelets might be involved in the relationship is largely unknown. Therefore, this question was addressed in this retrospective study of 82 ASCT patients with a total of 150 collections of peripheral blood stem cells in New Zealand. A significant negative correction between platelet concentration and postCD34 recovery (r = −0.18, p = 0.028) was observed overall, but upon further analysis only confirmed in the subset with graft platelets 1500–2000 ×109/L. Importantly, the postCD34 recovery was clearly reduced in the subgroups with either the lowest or the highest platelet concentration. The lowest subgroup was enriched with collections from patients with Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma, whereas the highest subgroup from patients with multiple myeloma, both with clearly male preponderance. We hypothesized that graft platelet concentrations probably indicated CD34 cell state (e.g. cell cycle and cell adhesion highly related to platelet functions) that sustained when platelet concentrations were within a niche range but went out of kilter otherwise.
SPHK1 promotes bladder cancer metastasis via PD-L2/c-Src/FAK signaling cascade
Authors: Kao Wei-Hsiang , Liao Li-Zhu , Chen Yu-An , Lo U-Ging , Pong Rey-Chen , Hernandez Elizabeth , Chen Mei-Chih , Teng Chieh-Lin Jerry , Wang Hsin-Yi , Tsai Stella Chin-Shaw , Kapur Payal , Lai Chih-Ho , Hsieh Jer-Tsong , Lin Ho
Published: September 2024

SPHK1 (sphingosine kinase type 1) is characterized as a rate-limiting enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism to phosphorylate sphingosine into sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) that can bind to S1P receptors (S1PRs) to initiate several signal transductions leading to cell proliferation and survival of normal cell. Many studies have indicated that SPHK1 is involved in several types of cancer development, however, a little is known in bladder cancer. The TCGA database analysis was utilized for analyzing the clinical relevance of SPHK1 in bladder cancer. Through CRISPR/Cas9 knockout (KO) and constitutive activation (CA) strategies on SPHK1 in the bladder cancer cells, we demonstrated the potential downstream target could be programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2). On the other hand, we demonstrated that FDA-approved SPHK1 inhibitor Gilenya® (FTY720) can successfully suppress bladder cancer metastasis by in vitro and in vivo approaches. This finding indicated that SPHK1 as a potent therapeutic target for metastatic bladder cancer by dissecting the mechanism of action, SPHK1/S1P-elicited Akt/β-catenin activation promoted the induction of PD-L2 that is a downstream effector in facilitating bladder cancer invasion and migration. Notably, PD-L2 interacted with c-Src that further activates FAK. Here, we unveil the clinical relevance of SPHK1 in bladder cancer progression and the driver role in bladder cancer metastasis. Moreover, we demonstrated the inhibitory effect of FDA-approved SPHK1 inhibitor FTY720 on bladder cancer metastasis from both in vitro and in vivo models.
The global geography of artificial intelligence in life science research
Authors: Schmallenbach Leo , Bärnighausen Till W. , Lerchenmueller Marc J.
Published: September 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) promises to transform medicine, but the geographic concentration of AI expertize may hinder its equitable application. We analyze 397,967 AI life science research publications from 2000 to 2022 and 14.5 million associated citations, creating a global atlas that distinguishes productivity (i.e., publications), quality-adjusted productivity (i.e., publications stratified by field-normalized rankings of publishing outlets), and relevance (i.e., citations). While Asia leads in total publications, Northern America and Europe contribute most of the AI research appearing in high-ranking outlets, generating up to 50% more citations than other regions. At the global level, international collaborations produce more impactful research, but have stagnated relative to national research efforts. Our findings suggest that greater integration of global expertize could help AI deliver on its promise and contribute to better global health.
Avoided metallicity in a hole-doped Mott insulator on a triangular lattice
Authors: Yim Chi Ming , Siemann Gesa-R. , Stavrić Srdjan , Khim Seunghyun , Benedičič Izidor , Murgatroyd Philip A. E. , Antonelli Tommaso , Watson Matthew D. , Mackenzie Andrew P. , Picozzi Silvia , King Phil D. C. , Wahl Peter
Published: September 2024

Doping of a Mott insulator gives rise to a wide variety of exotic emergent states, from high-temperature superconductivity to charge, spin, and orbital orders. The physics underpinning their evolution is, however, poorly understood. A major challenge is the chemical complexity associated with traditional routes to doping. Here, we study the Mott insulating CrO2 layer of the delafossite PdCrO2, where an intrinsic polar catastrophe provides a clean route to doping of the surface. From scanning tunnelling microscopy and angle-resolved photoemission, we find that the surface stays insulating accompanied by a short-range ordered state. From density functional theory, we demonstrate how the formation of charge disproportionation results in an insulating ground state of the surface that is disparate from the hidden Mott insulator in the bulk. We demonstrate that voltage pulses induce local modifications to this state which relax over tens of minutes, pointing to a glassy nature of the charge order.
Femtosecond pulse amplification on a chip
Authors: Gaafar Mahmoud A. , Ludwig Markus , Wang Kai , Wildi Thibault , Voumard Thibault , Sinobad Milan , Lorenzen Jan , Francis Henry , Carreira Jose , Zhang Shuangyou , Bi Toby , Del’Haye Pascal , Geiselmann Michael , Singh Neetesh , Kärtner Franz X. , Garcia-Blanco Sonia M. , Herr Tobias
Published: September 2024

Femtosecond laser pulses enable the synthesis of light across the electromagnetic spectrum and provide access to ultrafast phenomena in physics, biology, and chemistry. Chip-integration of femtosecond technology could revolutionize applications such as point-of-care diagnostics, bio-medical imaging, portable chemical sensing, or autonomous navigation. However, current chip-integrated pulse sources lack the required peak power, and on-chip amplification of femtosecond pulses has been an unresolved challenge. Here, addressing this challenge, we report  >50-fold amplification of 1 GHz-repetition-rate chirped femtosecond pulses in a CMOS-compatible photonic chip to 800 W peak power with 116 fs pulse duration. This power level is 2–3 orders of magnitude higher compared to those in previously demonstrated on-chip pulse sources and can provide the power needed to address key applications. To achieve this, detrimental nonlinear effects are mitigated through all-normal dispersion, large mode-area and rare-earth-doped gain waveguides. These results offer a pathway to chip-integrated femtosecond technology with peak power levels characteristic of table-top sources.
Convergent evolution in Afrotheria and non-afrotherians demonstrates high evolvability of the mammalian inner ear
Authors: Grunstra Nicole D. S. , Hollinetz Fabian , Bravo Morante Guillermo , Zachos Frank E. , Pfaff Cathrin , Winkler Viola , Mitteroecker Philipp , Le Maître Anne
Published: September 2024

Evolutionary convergence in distantly related species is among the most convincing evidence of adaptive evolution. The mammalian ear, responsible for balance and hearing, is not only characterised by its spectacular evolutionary incorporation of several bones of the jaw, it also varies considerably in shape across modern mammals. Using a multivariate approach, we show that in Afrotheria, a monophyletic clade with morphologically and ecologically highly disparate species, inner ear shape has evolved similar adaptations as in non-afrotherian mammals. We identify four eco-morphological trait combinations that underlie this convergence. The high evolvability of the mammalian ear is surprising: Nowhere else in the skeleton are different functional units so close together; it includes the smallest bones of the skeleton, encapsulated within the densest bone. We suggest that this evolvability is a direct consequence of the increased genetic and developmental complexity of the mammalian ear compared to other vertebrates.
USP50 suppresses alternative RecQ helicase use and deleterious DNA2 activity during replication
Authors: Mackay Hannah L. , Stone Helen R. , Ronson George E. , Ellis Katherine , Lanz Alexander , Aghabi Yara , Walker Alexandra K. , Starowicz Katarzyna , Garvin Alexander J. , Van Eijk Patrick , Koestler Stefan A. , Anthony Elizabeth J. , Piberger Ann Liza , Chauhan Anoop S. , Conway-Thomas Poppy , Vaitsiankova Alina , Vijayendran Sobana , Beesley James F. , Petermann Eva , Brown Eric J. , Densham Ruth M. , Reed Simon H. , Dobbs Felix , Saponaro Marco , Morris Joanna R.
Published: September 2024

Mammalian DNA replication relies on various DNA helicase and nuclease activities to ensure accurate genetic duplication, but how different helicase and nuclease activities are properly directed remains unclear. Here, we identify the ubiquitin-specific protease, USP50, as a chromatin-associated protein required to promote ongoing replication, fork restart, telomere maintenance, cellular survival following hydroxyurea or pyridostatin treatment, and suppression of DNA breaks near GC-rich sequences. We find that USP50 supports proper WRN-FEN1 localisation at or near stalled replication forks. Nascent DNA in cells lacking USP50 shows increased association of the DNA2 nuclease and RECQL4 and RECQL5 helicases and replication defects in cells lacking USP50, or FEN1 are driven by these proteins. Consequently, suppression of DNA2 or RECQL4/5 improves USP50-depleted cell resistance to agents inducing replicative stress and restores telomere stability. These data define an unexpected regulatory protein that promotes the balance of helicase and nuclease use at ongoing and stalled replication forks.
Gesture recognition with Brownian reservoir computing using geometrically confined skyrmion dynamics
Authors: Beneke Grischa , Winkler Thomas Brian , Raab Klaus , Brems Maarten A. , Kammerbauer Fabian , Gerhards Pascal , Knobloch Klaus , Krishnia Sachin , Mentink Johan H. , Kläui Mathias
Published: September 2024

Physical reservoir computing leverages the dynamical properties of complex physical systems to process information efficiently, significantly reducing training efforts and energy consumption. Magnetic skyrmions, topological spin textures, are promising candidates for reservoir computing systems due to their enhanced stability, non-linear interactions and low-power manipulation. Traditional spin-based reservoir computing has been limited to quasi-static detection or real-world data must be rescaled to the intrinsic timescale of the reservoir. We address this challenge by time-multiplexed skyrmion reservoir computing, that allows for aligning the reservoir’s intrinsic timescales to real-world temporal patterns. Using millisecond-scale hand gestures recorded with Range-Doppler radar, we feed voltage excitations directly into our device and detect the skyrmion trajectory evolution. This method scales down to the nanometer level and demonstrates competitive or superior performance compared to energy-intensive software-based neural networks. Our hardware approach’s key advantage is its ability to integrate sensor data in real-time without temporal rescaling, enabling numerous applications.
Erythropoietin regulates energy metabolism through EPO-EpoR-RUNX1 axis
Authors: Yin Weiqin , Rajvanshi Praveen Kumar , Rogers Heather M. , Yoshida Teruhiko , Kopp Jeffrey B. , An Xiuli , Gassmann Max , Noguchi Constance T.
Published: September 2024

Erythropoietin (EPO) plays a key role in energy metabolism, with EPO receptor (EpoR) expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) mediating its metabolic activity. Here, we show that male mice lacking EpoR in adipose tissue exhibit increased fat mass and susceptibility to diet-induced obesity. Our findings indicate that EpoR is present in WAT, brown adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Elevated EPO in male mice improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity while reducing expression of lipogenic-associated genes in WAT, which is linked to an increase in transcription factor RUNX1 that directly inhibits lipogenic genes expression. EPO treatment in wild-type male mice decreases fat mass and lipogenic gene expression and increase in RUNX1 protein in adipose tissue which is not observed in adipose tissue EpoR ablation mice. EPO treatment decreases WAT ubiquitin ligase FBXW7 expression and increases RUNX1 stability, providing evidence that EPO regulates energy metabolism in male mice through the EPO-EpoR-RUNX1 axis.
Extending the defect tolerance of halide perovskite nanocrystals to hot carrier cooling dynamics
Authors: Ye Junzhi , Mondal Navendu , Carwithen Ben P. , Zhang Yunwei , Dai Linjie , Fan Xiang-Bing , Mao Jian , Cui Zhiqiang , Ghosh Pratyush , Otero‐Martínez Clara , van Turnhout Lars , Huang Yi-Teng , Yu Zhongzheng , Chen Ziming , Greenham Neil C. , Stranks Samuel D. , Polavarapu Lakshminarayana , Bakulin Artem , Rao Akshay , Hoye Robert L. Z.
Published: September 2024

Defect tolerance is a critical enabling factor for efficient lead-halide perovskite materials, but the current understanding is primarily on band-edge (cold) carriers, with significant debate over whether hot carriers can also exhibit defect tolerance. Here, this important gap in the field is addressed by investigating how intentionally-introduced traps affect hot carrier relaxation in CsPbX3 nanocrystals (X = Br, I, or mixture). Using femtosecond interband and intraband spectroscopy, along with energy-dependent photoluminescence measurements and kinetic modelling, it is found that hot carriers are not universally defect tolerant in CsPbX3, but are strongly correlated to the defect tolerance of cold carriers, requiring shallow traps to be present (as in CsPbI3). It is found that hot carriers are directly captured by traps, instead of going through an intermediate cold carrier, and deeper traps cause faster hot carrier cooling, reducing the effects of the hot phonon bottleneck and Auger reheating. This work provides important insights into how defects influence hot carriers, which will be important for designing materials for hot carrier solar cells, multiexciton generation, and optical gain media.
Post-transcriptional reprogramming by thousands of mRNA untranslated regions in trypanosomes
Authors: Trenaman Anna , Tinti Michele , Wall Richard J. , Horn David
Published: September 2024

Although genome-wide polycistronic transcription places major emphasis on post-transcriptional controls in trypanosomatids, messenger RNA cis-regulatory untranslated regions (UTRs) have remained largely uncharacterised. Here, we describe a genome-scale massive parallel reporter assay coupled with 3’-UTR-seq profiling in the African trypanosome and identify thousands of regulatory UTRs. Increased translation efficiency was associated with dosage of adenine-rich poly-purine tracts (pPuTs). An independent assessment of native UTRs using machine learning based predictions confirmed the robust correspondence between pPuTs and positive control, as did an assessment of synthetic UTRs. Those 3’-UTRs associated with upregulated expression in bloodstream-stage cells were also enriched in uracil-rich poly-pyrimidine tracts, suggesting a mechanism for developmental activation through pPuT ‘unmasking’. Thus, we describe a cis-regulatory UTR sequence ‘code’ that underpins gene expression control in the context of a constitutively transcribed genome. We conclude that thousands of UTRs post-transcriptionally reprogram gene expression profiles in trypanosomes.
Characterizing the structural complexity of the Earth’s forests with spaceborne lidar
Authors: de Conto Tiago , Armston John , Dubayah Ralph
Published: September 2024

Forest structural complexity is a key element of ecosystem functioning, impacting light environments, nutrient cycling, biodiversity, and habitat quality. Addressing the need for a comprehensive global assessment of actual forest structural complexity, we derive a near-global map of 3D canopy complexity using data from the GEDI spaceborne lidar mission. These data show that tropical forests harbor most of the high complexity observations, while less than 20% of temperate forests reached median levels of tropical complexity. Structural complexity in tropical forests is more strongly related to canopy attributes from lower and middle waveform layers, whereas in temperate forests upper and middle layers are more influential. Globally, forests exhibit robust scaling relationships between complexity and canopy height, but these vary geographically and by biome. Our results offer insights into the spatial distribution of forest structural complexity and emphasize the importance of considering biome-specific and fine-scale variations for ecological research and management applications. The GEDI Waveform Structural Complexity Index data product, derived from our analyses, provides researchers and conservationists with a single, easily interpretable metric by combining various aspects of canopy structure.
Neuroanatomical changes observed over the course of a human pregnancy
Authors: Pritschet Laura , Taylor Caitlin M. , Cossio Daniela , Faskowitz Joshua , Santander Tyler , Handwerker Daniel A. , Grotzinger Hannah , Layher Evan , Chrastil Elizabeth R. , Jacobs Emily G.
Published: September 2024

Pregnancy is a period of profound hormonal and physiological changes experienced by millions of women annually, yet the neural changes unfolding in the maternal brain throughout gestation are not well studied in humans. Leveraging precision imaging, we mapped neuroanatomical changes in an individual from preconception through 2 years postpartum. Pronounced decreases in gray matter volume and cortical thickness were evident across the brain, standing in contrast to increases in white matter microstructural integrity, ventricle volume and cerebrospinal fluid, with few regions untouched by the transition to motherhood. This dataset serves as a comprehensive map of the human brain across gestation, providing an open-access resource for the brain imaging community to further explore and understand the maternal brain.
Comparative genomic analysis of thermophilic fungi reveals convergent evolutionary adaptations and gene losses
Authors: Steindorff Andrei S. , Aguilar-Pontes Maria Victoria , Robinson Aaron J. , Andreopoulos Bill , LaButti Kurt , Kuo Alan , Mondo Stephen , Riley Robert , Otillar Robert , Haridas Sajeet , Lipzen Anna , Grimwood Jane , Schmutz Jeremy , Clum Alicia , Reid Ian D. , Moisan Marie-Claude , Butler Gregory , Nguyen Thi Truc Minh , Dewar Ken , Conant Gavin , Drula Elodie , Henrissat Bernard , Hansel Colleen , Singer Steven , Hutchinson Miriam I. , de Vries Ronald P. , Natvig Donald O. , Powell Amy J. , Tsang Adrian , Grigoriev Igor V.
Published: September 2024

Thermophily is a trait scattered across the fungal tree of life, with its highest prevalence within three fungal families (Chaetomiaceae, Thermoascaceae, and Trichocomaceae), as well as some members of the phylum Mucoromycota. We examined 37 thermophilic and thermotolerant species and 42 mesophilic species for this study and identified thermophily as the ancestral state of all three prominent families of thermophilic fungi. Thermophilic fungal genomes were found to encode various thermostable enzymes, including carbohydrate-active enzymes such as endoxylanases, which are useful for many industrial applications. At the same time, the overall gene counts, especially in gene families responsible for microbial defense such as secondary metabolism, are reduced in thermophiles compared to mesophiles. We also found a reduction in the core genome size of thermophiles in both the Chaetomiaceae family and the Eurotiomycetes class. The Gene Ontology terms lost in thermophilic fungi include primary metabolism, transporters, UV response, and O-methyltransferases. Comparative genomics analysis also revealed higher GC content in the third base of codons (GC3) and a lower effective number of codons in fungal thermophiles than in both thermotolerant and mesophilic fungi. Furthermore, using the Support Vector Machine classifier, we identified several Pfam domains capable of discriminating between genomes of thermophiles and mesophiles with 94% accuracy. Using AlphaFold2 to predict protein structures of endoxylanases (GH10), we built a similarity network based on the structures. We found that the number of disulfide bonds appears important for protein structure, and the network clusters based on protein structures correlate with the optimal activity temperature. Thus, comparative genomics offers new insights into the biology, adaptation, and evolutionary history of thermophilic fungi while providing a parts list for bioengineering applications.
ER-phagy restrains inflammatory responses through its receptor UBAC2
Authors: He Xing , He Haowei , Hou Zitong , Wang Zheyu , Shi Qinglin , Zhou Tao , Wu Yaoxing , Qin Yunfei , Wang Jun , Cai Zhe , Cui Jun , Jin Shouheng
Published: September 2024

ER-phagy, a selective form of autophagic degradation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) fragments, plays an essential role in governing ER homeostasis. Dysregulation of ER-phagy is associated with the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is a major clue for evoking inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanism underpinning the connection between ER-phagy and disease remains poorly defined. Here, we identified ubiquitin-associated domain-containing protein 2 (UBAC2) as a receptor for ER-phagy, while at the same time being a negative regulator of inflammatory responses. UBAC2 harbors a canonical LC3-interacting region (LIR) in its cytoplasmic domain, which binds to autophagosomal GABARAP. Upon ER-stress or autophagy activation, microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 2 (MARK2) phosphorylates UBAC2 at serine (S) 223, promoting its dimerization. Dimerized UBAC2 interacts more strongly with GABARAP, thus facilitating selective degradation of the ER. Moreover, by affecting ER-phagy, UBAC2 restrains inflammatory responses and acute ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. Our findings indicate that ER-phagy directed by a MARK2-UBAC2 axis may provide targets for the treatment of inflammatory disease.
Non-cell-autonomous regulation of germline proteostasis by insulin/IGF-1 signaling-induced dietary peptide uptake via PEPT-1
Authors: Muhammad Tahir , Edwards Stacey L , Morphis Allison C , Johnson Mary V , Oliveira Vitor De , Chamera Tomasz , Liu Siyan , Nguyen Ngoc Gia Tuong , Li Jian
Published: September 2024

Gametogenesis involves active protein synthesis and is proposed to rely on proteostasis. Our previous work in C. elegans indicates that germline development requires coordinated activities of insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) and HSF-1, the central regulator of the heat shock response. However, the downstream mechanisms were not identified. Here, we show that depletion of HSF-1 from germ cells impairs chaperone gene expression, causing protein degradation and aggregation and, consequently, reduced fecundity and gamete quality. Conversely, reduced IIS confers germ cell resilience to HSF-1 depletion-induced protein folding defects and various proteotoxic stresses. Surprisingly, this effect was not mediated by an enhanced stress response, which underlies longevity in low IIS conditions, but by reduced ribosome biogenesis and translation rate. We found that IIS activates the expression of intestinal peptide transporter PEPT-1 by alleviating its repression by FOXO/DAF-16, allowing dietary proteins to be efficiently incorporated into an amino acid pool that fuels germline protein synthesis. Our data suggest this non-cell-autonomous pathway is critical for proteostasis regulation during gametogenesis.
RNF144B negatively regulates antiviral immunity by targeting MDA5 for autophagic degradation
Authors: Li Guoxiu , Zhang Jing , Zhao Zhixun , Wang Jian , Li Jiaoyang , Xu Weihong , Cui Zhanding , Sun Pu , Yuan Hong , Wang Tao , Li Kun , Bai Xingwen , Ma Xueqing , Li Pinghua , Fu Yuanfang , Cao Yimei , Bao Huifang , Li Dong , Liu Zaixin , Zhu Ning , Tang Lijie , Lu Zengjun
Published: September 2024

As a RIG-I-like receptor, MDA5 plays a critical role in antiviral innate immunity by acting as a cytoplasmic double-stranded RNA sensor capable of initiating type I interferon pathways. Here, we show that RNF144B specifically interacts with MDA5 and promotes K27/K33-linked polyubiquitination of MDA5 at lysine 23 and lysine 43, which promotes autophagic degradation of MDA5 by p62. Rnf144b deficiency greatly promotes IFN production and inhibits EMCV replication in vivo. Importantly, Rnf144b−/− mice has a significantly higher overall survival rate than wild-type mice upon EMCV infection. Collectively, our results identify RNF144B as a negative regulator of innate antiviral response by targeting CARDs of MDA5 and mediating autophagic degradation of MDA5.
Detection of several volatile organic compounds through Ar+ induced chemical ionisation using inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS)
Authors: Hirata Takafumi , Kobayashi Kyoko , Khoo Hui Hsin , Shikino Osamu , Asanuma Hisashi
Published: September 2024

A new analytical technique for detection of organic compounds using inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) is described.
Universal carbon nanotubes-polybenzimidazole SPME coating and its application for both gas and liquid chromatography
Authors: Oliveira Igor Gustavo Carvalho , Murtada Khaled , Queiroz Maria Eugênia Costa , Pawliszyn Janusz
Published: September 2024

CNT-PBI SPME devices compatible with both thermal and solvent desorption have been developed. The new material has the potential to serve as a universal coating for both GC and LC applications.
Rapid assembly of mixed thiols for toll-like receptor-based electrochemical pathogen sensing
Authors: Pillai Rajesh G. , Azyat Khalid , Chan Nora W. C. , Jemere Abebaw B.
Published: September 2024

Herein, we describe a rapid and facile fabrication of electrochemical sensors utilizing two different toll-like receptor (TLR) proteins as biorecognition elements to detect bacterial pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
High ammonia adsorption in copper-carboxylate materials: host–guest interactions and crystalline–amorphous–crystalline phase transitions
Authors: Lu Wanpeng , Chen Yinlin , Wang Zi , Guo Lixia , Chen Jin , Ma Yujie , Li Weiyao , Li Jiangnan , He Meng , Fan Mengtian , Sheveleva Alena M. , Tuna Floriana , McInnes Eric J. L. , Frogley Mark D. , Chater Philip A. , Dejoie Catherine , Schröder Martin , Yang Sihai
Published: September 2024

High NH3 uptake is observed in a series of paddlewheel [Cu2(O2CR)4] metal–organic frameworks.
Synthesis and catalytic application of nanostructured metal oxides and phosphates
Authors: Kamata Keigo , Aihara Takeshi , Wachi Keiju
Published: September 2024

This work summarizes catalyst design methodologies based on crystalline complex oxide nanostructures through the synthesis, catalytic application, and structure–activity relationship.
Fluorination of antimonene hexagons
Authors: Fickert Michael , Martinez-Haya Rebeca , López-Alcalá Diego , Hauke Frank , Baldoví José J. , Hirsch Andreas , Abellán Gonzalo
Published: September 2024

Fluorination of two-dimensional antimonene hexagons synthesized through colloidal synthesis has been reached using CF4 plasma through a reactive ion etching process.
Substituent-dependent [4+2] or [2+2] cycloadditions of phenylallenyl phosphine oxides with arynes
Authors: Qin Yunlong , Zhang Jianing , Zhang Congcong , Wang Qilin
Published: September 2024

A substituent-dependent synthetic strategy to precisely convert easily accessible phenylallenyl phosphine oxides into phenanthren-9-yldiphenylphosphine oxides and benzo[b][1,4]oxaphosphinin-4-iums is reported.
Substrate-directed regioselective alkene functionalizations of (E)-β,γ-unsaturated carboxylic acids
Authors: Chang Chi-Hao , Yen Chao-Ting , Goncalves Théo P. , Lin Yu-Sheng , Wang Yu-Chun , Basha R. Sidick , Chen Bo-Yan , Fu Cheng-Hao , Chen Liang-Wei , Jhou Meng-Li , Huang Kuo-Wei , Chou Chih-Ming
Published: September 2024

A carboxylate-directed regioselective Heck-type alkenylation and alkenylative lactonization of (E)-β,γ-unsaturated carboxylic acids by simply substrate control is reported.
A self-assembled 2-hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid protective layer enables dendrite-free Zn anodes
Authors: Song Yingying , Ma Fengcan , Xiao Qinghua , He Sidan , Wang Hongqiang , Wang Qinghong
Published: September 2024

Benefitting from the protective effect of the HPAA layer, the Zn-HPAA-1h electrode shows a long cycling lifetime of 650 h in a symmetric cell at 30.0 mA cm−2.
Unsaturated chiral-only-at-metal rhodium(iii) complexes bearing SiN-type ligands
Authors: Prieto-Pascual Unai , Bustos Itxaso , Salcedo-Abraira Pablo , Vitorica-Yrezabal Iñigo J. , Landa Aitor , Freixa Zoraida , Huertos Miguel A.
Published: September 2024

A methodology involving a spiroborate as a chiral resolution agent has been applied to obtain unsaturated chiral-only-at-metal rhodium(iii) enantiopure complexes bearing bidentate silyl-type ligands.
Inverse design of ZIFs through artificial intelligence methods
Authors: Krokidas Panagiotis , Kainourgiakis Michael , Steriotis Theodore , Giannakopoulos George
Published: September 2024

We demonstrate an efficient inverse design scheme combining machine learning and genetic algorithms to design ZIFs with user-defined performance by assembling frameworks from building units, including metals, linkers, and functional groups.
Can the Kohn–Sham gap be larger than the fundamental gap?
Authors: Kety Kossi , Joubert Daniel
Published: September 2024

Using a lattice model Hamiltonian, we have shown that the derivative discontinuity which is defined as the difference between the fundamental gap and the exact Kohn–Sham gap can be negative in Kohn–Sham density functional theory.
Force-controlled robotic mechanochemical synthesis
Authors: Nakajima Yusaku , Kawasaki Kai , Takeichi Yasuo , Hamaya Masashi , Ushiku Yoshitaka , Ono Kanta
Published: September 2024

This study introduces a robotic mechanochemical synthesis system with controlled force. It enhances reproducibility and controls reaction pathways by adjusting grinding force and speed, opening new possibilities in mechanochemical synthesis.
The influence of magnesium and manganese cations on the chemical and bioactive properties of purple and green basil
Authors: de Oliveira Izamara , Chrysargyris Antonios , Finimundy Tiane C. , Carocho Márcio , Santos-Buelga Celestino , Calhelha Ricardo C. , Tzortzakis Nikolaos , Barros Lillian , Heleno Sandrina A.
Published: September 2024

Effects of hydroponic cultivation with enriched concentrations of magnesium (+Mg), manganese (+Mn), combinations of +Mg and +Mn, or decreased concentrations of these minerals (control) on the chemical/bioactive attributes of basil, were investigated.
Dendritic ZSM-5 zeolites as highly active catalysts for the valorization of monoterpene epoxides
Authors: Gallego-Villada Luis A. , Cueto Jennifer , Alonso-Doncel María del Mar , Mäki-Arvela Päivi , Alarcón Edwin A. , Serrano David P. , Murzin Dmitry Yu.
Published: September 2024

Dendritic ZSM-5 zeolites were studied for isomerizing monoterpene epoxides like limonene, α-pinene, and β-pinene epoxides, producing valuable compounds for fragrances, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro by chemically modified tyrosinase from Agaricus bisporus
Authors: Aguilera-Rodriguez David , Ortega-Alarcon David , Vazquez-Calvo Angela , Ricci Veronica , Abian Olga , Velazquez-Campoy Adrian , Alcami Antonio , Palomo Jose M.
Published: September 2024

A novel antiviral and non-cytotoxic bioconjugate of tyrosinase from Agaricus bisporus (AbTyr)-dextran-aspartic acid (6 kDa) polymer is developed.