bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia Presenting Recurrent Episodes of Locked-in syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Gupta Ayush , Elnazier Marwa , Rosa Talita D’Aguiar
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia (VBD) is a rare disorder in which arteries cause dilatation and tortuosity of the blood vessels, which affect posterior circulation.

Case Presentation:

In this case report, we discuss a patient of VBD presenting with transient episodes of quadriparesis, aphasia, and vertigo. She had symptoms specifically when her head was turned towards the right side while waking up. Based on MRI findings and angiography, the patient was diagnosed with VBD.

Conclusion:

To conclude, VBD should be considered a differential diagnosis for patients presenting with recurrent transient ischemic attacks, such as locked-in syndrome, without any identifiable cause.
A Comparative Study of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Compromised Teeth with Different Post Systems: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Malekipour Mohammad Reza , Hosseini Neda , Jafari Niloufar , Mazdak Ali , Mazaheri Peiman , Shirani Farzaneh
Published: April 2023

Aims:

This in-vitro study was conducted to compare structural reinforcement with composite resin and two different types of posts in structurally compromised teeth.

Methods and Materials:

Forty-eight human maxillary central incisors were instrumented and obturated. Specimens were randomly divided into four groups. The control group was not compromised and was just restored with a resin composite. In the composite-reinforced group, the access cavity of the compromised teeth was restored only with composite to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). In the reinforced glass fiber post group, the compromised cervical area of the teeth was reinforced with a dual-cured composite and a glass fiber post. The reinforced metal cast post group was reinforced with a dual-cured composite and a casting post. The mean fracture load was measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square statistical analysis tests. For pair comparison, Duncan was used. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The highest fracture resistance values were for the non-compromised samples (170.12 ± 12.44), while the lowest values were for the compromised ones restored only with the resin composite (71.40 ± 17.00). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean fracture resistances of the fiber (129.36 ± 21.34) and cast (116.60 ± 22.60) post groups (P>0.05).

Conclusion:

The use of a composite resin in a root with thin walls will reinforce the compromised tooth, but the type of the post will not influence the final results.
Evaluation of the Impact of some Plant Extracts against Streptococcus Spp. Isolated from Dental Decay Infection
Authors: Hamad Anas Abdullah , Alhumaidi Maryam S. , Manayi Azadeh
Published: April 2023

Aims:

This study aimed to isolate and identify the Streptococcus spp. bacteria from patients with dental caries infection. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of new plant extracts on isolated Streptococcus spp. was also evaluated.

Methods:

A total of 150 samples were obtained at random from people of various ages and genders who were suffering from dental caries infection. Four different culture media were used for isolation: nutrient agar, MacConkey agar, blood agar, and Streptococcus selection agar. The identification of bacterial isolates was distinguished by macroscopic examination and the VITEK 2 system.

Results:

Only 120 cases (80%) showed positive culture, and these were distributed as follows: Streptococcus sanguinis had the highest rate and accounted for 38.33%, and Streptococcus pseudoporcinus represented only 29.16%. A 20% decline was reported for Streptococcus salivarius, with the lowest proportion being 12.5% for Staphylococcus warneri. The MIC for 16 tested plant extracts ranged from 0.97 to 125 µg/mL, whereas the MBC values ranged from 3.9 to 500 µg/mL. Imipenem was a positive control, with MIC values ranging from 3.9 µg/mL to 15.6 µg/mL; the MBCs varied from 31.2 to 125 µg/mL against all isolated species.

Conclusion:

Among the isolated bacterial species from tooth decay, Streptococcus sanguinis had the highest rate of isolated bacteria and accounted for 38.33%, while Staphylococcus warneri had the lowest percentage at 12.5%. Sargassum, Proskia, and Cicer arietinum were three distinct extracts that demonstrated superior antibacterial activity against all of the tested bacterial species. Their MIC values ranged from 0.97 µg/mL to 15.6 µg/mL, and the MBC values were between 3.9 µg/mL and 31.2 µg/mL.
Early Use of Ibuprofen in Moderate Cases of COVID-19 Might be a Promising Agent to Attenuate the Severity of Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sobhy Amr , Saleh Lobna A. , AbdelAtty Marwa E.l , AbdelAtty Marwa E.l , Refaat Sameh A. , Kamal Mohammed
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Critically ill COVID-19 patients undergoing cytokine storm are believed to have a worse prognosis and increased fatality rate. Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) that might prove beneficial for the early management of COVID-19 due to its immunomodulatory effects. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the early use of ibuprofen to attenuate the severity of the course of COVID-19 and improve outcomes in patients diagnosed with a moderate case of COVID-19 disease.

Methods:

This randomized, double-blinded prospective study was conducted from January, 2022 to May, 2022, which included a total sample size of 180 patients with moderate cases of COVID-19. The number of patients transferred to intensive care was used as a primary outcome with a proposed large effect size (0.8), alfa =0.05, and power=0.80, so 90 cases were included in each group. Secondary outcomes were inflammatory markers: C-Reactive Protein (CRP), serum ferritin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), duration of hospital stay, and need for ICU admission.

Results:

One hundred eighty patients with moderate case of COVID-19 disease were divided in a 1: 1 ratio to receive ibuprofen (IG) or paracetamol (CG). The average age of the included patients was almost 41 years. Statistically significant differences were reported between both groups in terms of improvement in cough symptoms and lymphopenia in IG compared to CG (p= 0.034 and p= 0.044, respectively). Regarding secondary outcomes, statistically, significant differences were reported between the study’s groups in terms of the mean number of patients transferred to the ICU in IG compared to the CG (p =0.0.047) and duration of hospitalization (p =0.013), with no significant differences (p > 0.9999) in the occurrence of side effects.

Concerning the follow-up of the cytokine storm marker, there was a statistically significant reduction in serum cytokine marker compared to the baseline value (P < 0.05) in the same group. No statistically significant differences were observed when comparing both groups together in terms of serum ferritin level (p =0.570), serum IL-6 level (p =0.580), and CRP level (p =0.401).

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that early use of ibuprofen as adjuvant therapy in COVID-19 management is effective and safe to attenuate the severity of diseases and improve outcomes.

Trial Registration:

Project manager for the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry PACTR202202880140319. Registered 9th February, 2022 - Retrospectively registered, (https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/)
Cancer Traits; Present and Future
Authors: Asseri Khalid A. , Aldahish Afaf Ahmed
Published: April 2023

This chapter on “Cancer Traits; Present and Future” begins with a
description of the process of carcinogenesis and, finally, the abnormal process leading
to carcinogenesis.
Cancer is a multi-step mechanism in which cells undergo biochemical and behavioral
changes, causing them to proliferate in an unnecessary and untimely manner. These
changes occur from modifications in mechanisms that regulate cell proliferation and
longevity, relationships with neighboring cells, and the ability to escape the immune
system. Modifications that contribute to cancer require genetic modifications that alter
the DNA sequence. Another way to alter the program of cells is to adjust the
conformation of chromatin, the matrix that bundles up DNA and controls its access
through DNA reading, copying and repair machinery. These modifications are called
“epigenetic. The abnormal process that leads to carcinogenesis includes early
mutational events in carcinogenesis, microRNAs in human cancer and cancer stem cell
hypothesis, Contact inhibition of proliferation, autophagy, necroptosis, signaling
pathways, telomere deregulation, microenvironment, growth suppressors evasion,
resisting cell death and sustained cell survival, enabling replicative immortality through
activation of telomeres, inducing angiogenesis, ability to oppose apoptosis, and
activating invasion and metastasis. Intensive research efforts during the last several
decades have increased our understanding of carcinogenesis and have identified a
genetic basis for the multi-step process of cancer development. Recognition and
understating of the prevalent applicability of cancer cell characterization will
increasingly affect the development of new means to treat human cancer.
Transcription Factors in Cancer
Authors: Alsiary Rawiah A. , Albukhari Talat Abdullah , Filimban Waheed A.
Published: April 2023

Different types of signalling pathways have been approved to be involved in
cancer imitation and progression. These signalling pathways include the JAK-STAT
signalling, NF-κB signalling, Wnt, Notch and Hedgehog. STAT (Signal Transducer
and Activator of Transcription) transports signals between proteins from the cell
membrane into the nucleus to contribute to cancer progression. NF-κB signalling is
essential for the survival of the B cell tumor types. The Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog
signalling pathways play a significant role in carcinogenesis by upregulating the genes
associated with these pathways. Hence, pharmacological inhibitors of WNT, NOTCH,
and HH pathways are required in clinical studies. Such inhibitors have features that
make them important during the clinical trial since they offer great potential as novel
therapeutics for cancer. They also have an antitumor response which should be taken
into consideration. The three signalling pathways are also known to shape cell fate
determination and differentiation. In case of depletion of a single molecular component
within the three pathways, embryonic lethality will form.
Summarizing and Graphing
Authors: Kahl Alandra
Published: April 2023

Data captured during analysis can be easily summarized using visual
techniques such as graphing. Graphing is utilized to both summarize and convey
information in a clear and readable format. Graphing techniques discussed in this
chapter include frequency distributions, histograms, box plots and Pareto charts.
Basic Concepts of Probability
Authors: Kahl Alandra
Published: April 2023

A commonly used statistical measure is the measurement of probability.
Probability is governed by both additive and multiplicative rules. These rules determine
if events are independent of one another or dependent on previous or related outcomes.
Conditional probability governs events that are not independent of one another and
helps researchers to better make predictions about future datasets.
Sampling Distributions
Authors: Kahl Alandra
Published: April 2023

Sampling of a distribution and as well as how to treat the sampling
distribution of the sample mean is an important topic for understanding statistics. The
central limit theorem, when applied to this type of dataset can allow researchers to
make predictions about future datasets as well as to better understand current datasets.
Normally distributed populations are important to correctly treating the data occurring
within the dataset.
Exploration of Repurposed and Adjuvant Drugs in COVID-19 Patients, as well as Challenges and Ethical Issues Related to Drug Repurposing
Authors: Dadheech Malti , Kumar Maurya Anand
Published: April 2023

The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), also referred to as Novel Coronavirus Disease, is a contagious viral disease with a high rate of confirmed cases. Therefore, treatment options are urgently needed to fight the deadly virus. Since there is no standard treatment available, it results in increased morbidity and mortality. The development process of a new drug takes years, so it is crucial to focus on repurposed drugs to reduce the severity of this disease. This review aims to describe the regulatory and molecular aspects of repurposed and adjuvant drugs for COVID-19 based on registered clinical trials and online literature. The use of repurposed drugs brings its own ethical issues and challenges. The challenges of the correct interpretation of existing pre-clinical/clinical evidence and the generation of new evidence concerning drug repurposing in COVID-19 and the issues faced by the repurposing community will also be discussed in the review. When drug repurposing is employed in emergency situations, regional limitations of clinical research ethics, involuntary risk burden, regulatory aspects and ethical issues, fairness in resource distribution for repurposed drugs become an issue that requires careful ethical consideration. 
High Throughput Screening (HTS) Methods for Screening of Known Drugs for COVID-19
Authors: Shreeya Tejal , Qidwai Tabish
Published: April 2023

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2) in late 2019 has triggered an ongoing global pandemic whereby infection may result in a lethal severe pneumonia-like disease designated as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thus, the repositioning of known drugs can significantly accelerate the development and deployment of therapies for COVID-19.

High throughput screening (HTS) is the use of automated equipment to rapidly test thousands to millions of samples for biological activity at the model organism, cellular, pathway, or molecular level. In its most common form, HTS is an experimental process in which 103–106 small molecule compounds of known structure are screened in parallel. Currently, this technique is being used to screen known compounds in several diseases, including COVID-19. In the current scenario, it is important to focus on the application of high-throughput screening (HTS) in the drug discovery process.

In this chapter, we have covered methods of the high-throughput screen and its use in screening known drugs against infectious diseases like COVID-19. Moreover, the challenges and future of these technologies have been focussed.
Drug Repurposing for COVID-19 using Computational Methods
Authors: Prakash Om , Khan Feroz
Published: April 2023

In this chapter, we use computational methods to illustrate drug repurposing
with the example of COVID-19. Here, the current status of drug discovery has been
described with various aspects of drug repurposing interactions, use of algorithms in
drug repurposing, re-evaluation of existing drugs, challenges in drug repurposing, and
biological and computational interpretation of personalised and AI-guided repurposing.
In addition, we present blueprints for pacing up the drug repurposing process using
artificial intelligence. This chapter is devoted to the use of computational intelligence
for drug repurposing against various diseases, including COVID-19.
Introduction and Overview of Key Enabling Technologies for Smart Cities and Homes
Authors: Dhanasekar Karthika , Muni Krishna Reddy Deepika
Published: April 2023

The Internet has come a long way in the previous three decades. It began as
a content-sharing platform for early websites, portals, and search engines. With the
globalization of Internet users, the importance and diversity of Internet material have
increased; the Internet is increasingly connecting people rather than just connecting
information. Other services, such as voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and video
chat, as well as social networks, have enabled the social web. The end-user has
changed as a result of the shift from information consumers to contributors and
producers. This trend has accelerated with the introduction of smartphones and Internet
of Things (IoT) devices. Smartphones have ushered in a new era of communication, in
addition to data. End-users may access information from wherever they need to connect
with their environment for basic everyday activities thanks to a new type of
communication. Cabs may be summoned in large cities by pressing a button on a
mobile device and using an app like Uber. The Internet connects things, dwellings,
cities, and everything else that can be linked, with early information associated with
individuals and later users engaging with other users via the social Web. As a result, a
smart platform with a wide range of smart services emerges. This chapter examines the
growing trend of connecting things and the issues they provide in the context of smart
homes and cities, as well as a summary of key technological capabilities.
Biosensor Application
Authors: Naghib Seyed Morteza , Katebi Seyed Mahdi , Ghorbanzade Sadegh
Published: April 2023

In Chapter 5, we want to focus on biosensors application in different fields
and Focus on various newest research related to electrochemical biosensors in the
fields of medical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and food quality. In the medical
diagnosis section,, the research done on HIV-1 is examined. Then hepatitis B, hepatitis
A, Ebola, Zika, murine norovirus, influenza A, dengue serotype 2, adenovirus,
enterovirus 71, Epstein-Barr virus, the apple steam pitting virus, papillomavirus, and
phinovirus, are examined, respectively. In addition, in the monitoring environment
section, research conducted on heavy water and pesticides is reviewed. In the food
quality analysis section, research conducted on food toxicity and Antibiotic residues
are reviewed.
A Legal Analysis of the Photovoltaic Subsidy Under The WTO Trade Regime
Authors: Zheng Kailun
Published: April 2023

The pursuit of greenhouse gas reduction objectives by major economies has
led them to increase their share of renewable energy. Energy subsidies are crucial but
are fraught with controversy under WTO law. For renewables such as photovoltaics,
the focus on production subsidies makes them an easier target of WTO cases. The
photovoltaic industry requires technological innovation, which is rarely addressed in
WTO law. Therefore, there is a need to reform the relevant rules to support the
development of renewable energy.
Refinement of Commercial Mediation Systems In The Greater Bay Area: From The Perspective Of Hong Kong’s Experience And Implications For The Mainland
Authors: Chen Hui
Published: April 2023

Commercial mediation is regarded as one of the most significant parts of diversified dispute resolution mechanisms, since it has unique advantages compared with “adversarial” dispute resolution mechanisms, such as litigation and arbitration, particularly in cross-border disputes. With the support of official guidelines and the implementation of local governments, it is observed that mediation has become a popular alternative dispute resolution method applied by more and more citizens in the GBA. In addition, China became a member state of the Singapore Mediation Convention in 2019, which demonstrates that China attaches great importance to mediation mechanisms, with both academics and professionals recognizing the unique role of mediation in the process of dispute resolution. Against this backdrop, this article focuses on the implications of the Hong Kong experience to the development of commercial mediation in the Mainland, which revolves around four aspects: voluntariness of mediation activities, confidentiality rules, the enforceability of mediated settlement agreements and capacity building of mediators. Due to the great disparity in the development of commercial mediation in different GBA regions, particularly in terms of rule frameworks and patterns of mediation, this article argues that the future development in the GBA of commercial mediation can refer to the Hong Kong experience in the following four respects. Firstly, the principle of voluntariness should be enhanced in the conduct of commercial mediation; Secondly, provisions of confidentiality and detailed provisions for breaching the confidentiality principle should be formulated in commercial mediation; Thirdly, a uniform rule framework to govern the mutual recognition and enforcement of commercial mediated settlement agreements across the GBA should be provided. Last but not least, a uniform mediator evaluation system and a mediator qualification certification platform should be established in the Mainland. 
Nanotechnology and Precision Medicine
Authors: Alonazi Noufa , Albukhari Talat Abdullah , Alruwaili Naif M.
Published: April 2023

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology are now almost in every field of Science.
The field has been growing since it was started in 1959 when the Nobel Prize American
physicist, Richard Feynman introduced the concept of nanotechnology; since then, it
has involved in almost every field of Science, including chemistry, biology, computer
science, physics, and engineering. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are now at the
frontline of modernistic research. The term 'nano' referred to a Greek prefix meaning
“dwarf” with a scale of one thousand millionths of a meter (10-9 m). Nanoscience is the
study of particles and structures on the scale of nanometers.
Early detection of cancer plays an important role in successful treatment. The detection
of cancer in the early stage has been delayed by the limits of conventional cancer
detection methods. Recently, the uprising in the use of Nanomedicine and
nanotechnology in health care offers hope for the detection, prevention, and treatment
of cancer. Nanomedicine drugs have been observed to be involved in the treatment of
solid tumors. Also, it is based on enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR). The
main characteristics of EPR are related to tumor vessel permeability which allows
enhanced permeability (EP) of large particles (macro molecules proteins, micelles &
liposomes). Nanomedicine transport can be hindered from Tumor-associated
microphage (TAM) by poor blood perfusion, high Extracellular Matrix (ECM) dense
and high tumor stromal cells. Electrochemotherapy is commonly used in palliative
settings for the treatment of patients with unresectable tumors to relieve pain and
improve the quality of life. It is also frequently used in the treatment of neoplasia at a
late stage and when comprehensive surgical treatment is not possible due to the size,
location, and the number of the lesion. As the treatment does not involve tissue heating,
so Electrochemotherapy is used for the treatment of tumors near or close to important
structures like vessels and nerves. Electrochemotherapy has a favorable side effect in
the form of local and transient, moderate local pain, edema, erythema, and muscle
contractions during electroporation.
Biological Activities of MAAs and their Applications 2: Antioxidative Properties
Authors: Kageyama Hakuto
Published: April 2023

 It is known that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by
UV irradiation and oxidative reactions accelerate skin aging. Substances that suppress
or eliminate the generation of ROS are called antioxidants. So far, various
mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) have been reported to have antioxidative
activities. To prevent damage to the skin caused by ROS and maintain the homeostasis
of the epidermis, skin cells have an endogenous antioxidant system consisting of
enzymatic reactions. Although many points are unclear about the regulatory
mechanisms, it has been suggested that MAAs are involved in the regulation of genes
encoding enzymes that are involved in this system. This chapter provides a
comprehensive overview of the antioxidant activities of MAAs. 
Biological Activities of MAAs and their Applications 3: Anti-inflammatory Effects
Authors: Kageyama Hakuto
Published: April 2023

Inflammation is the defensive reaction system that occurs when the body
receives a harmful stimulus and tries to remove it. In general, the area where the
reaction occurs has a fever, swelling, redness, and pain. The stimuli that cause
inflammation are diverse but include UV irradiation and reactive oxygen species. This
chapter briefly describes the inflammatory response pathways caused by these stimuli.
After that, it outlines the effects of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) on the
accumulation, activity, and regulation of factors contained in the inflammatory
pathway. Although research findings are accumulating, the molecular mechanisms are
still unknown. Details of the relationship between the molecular structures of MAAs
and their functions in the inflammatory pathway await further study.
Biological Activities of MAAs and their Applications 6: Metal Chelating Abilities
Authors: Kageyama Hakuto
Published: April 2023

As mentioned in Chapters 8 and 9, the useful functions of MAAs, such as
the anti-glycative property and collagenase inhibitory activity, might be associated with
their metal chelating activity. Although there are few reports on the metal-chelating
activity of MAAs, a chelating model of MAAs and metal ions has recently been
proposed. This chapter briefly summarizes these observations.
“Matembang”, character education media
Authors: Astawa Dewa Nyoman Wija , Jayantini I Gusti Agung Sri Rwa
Published: April 2023

This study aimed at delving into and understanding the potential of local culture in the framework of the nation and character building. The study used a qualitative approach. Data analysis is presented in verbal form. The data collection method used to support the implementation of this research is the documentation method and from this approach, it was obtained that “matembang” is one of the traditions full of didactic, humanistic, and spiritual values. In the context of nation and state life, this culture is closely related to ethics, morality, and politeness and highly integrated human personalities with patriotic spirit.  That is why Balinese Hindus use this culture as character education media. In its development, the “matembang” culture has not only become a local but has reflected a national and even global culture.
Vídeo-Arte: Limites da Imagem Audiovisual
Authors: Soares de Castro Geraldo Eanes
Published: April 2023

O presente artigo expõe uma reflexão sobre o vídeo enquanto meio de expressão artística e dos seus limites no campo da imagem audiovisual.
Para tal, analisamos a sua evolução, sobretudo a partir dos finais do século XX, e a sua relação com outras práticas artísticas dos media art. Com efeito, debruçamo-nos sobre a ontologia da imagem, quer seja fílmica ou videográfica, tentando propor uma exploração territorial nos domínios da imagem audiovisual, perante a implicação dos avanços tecnológicos que alavancam os campos estéticos, concetuais e de representação.
Pretende-se perceber a existência de convergências interdisciplinares e interculturais nos contextos das práticas artísticas da media art. Concentramo-nos nas possíveis distinções entre os média de vídeo, televisão e cinema, principalmente no cruzamento das fronteiras da classificação dos géneros de “média arte”, “cultura visual” ou “imagem digital média” e da expansão do espectro temático dos mesmos. Este trabalho sublinha algumas ideias em que o vídeo e a televisão partilham a ontologia da imagem e confere-se de que modo as implicações estéticas, técnicas e culturais foram relevantes para o resultado de algumas obras e para a interpretação visual das mesmas. Deste modo, articula-se oposição entre a produção sintética e o material estético. Mediante a seleção de alguns artistas, este estudo procura explorar a possibilidade de novas formas artísticas contribuírem para a configuração da imagem interativa e do seu papel na evolução do audiovisual.
Il Nilo e Mosè: dalla Vita di Mosè di Filone alle Etiopiche di Eliodoro
Authors: Bianchi Nunzio
Published: April 2023

The aim of this paper is drawing attention to a passage of the Ethiopian Stories by Heliodorus of Emesa (9,9,3) on the divinization of the Nile borrowed from Life of Moses (2,195) by Philo of Alexandria. This textual relationship, well known to Philo’s scholars, has so far not been considered instead by most Heliodorus’ scholars. Other possible intertextual references (lexical parallels, stylisations and analogies), noticed in this paper, point to the work by Philon as deliberately exploited inspiration for some passages of Heliodorus’ novel. All this is of greater importance for the Ethiopian novel and his author.
Teledermatology for Enhancing Skin Cancer Diagnosis and Management: Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Gao Julia L , Oakley Amanda
Published: April 2023

Background

Skin cancer rates are at all-time highs, but the shortage of dermatologists compels patients to seek medical advice from general practitioners. A new referral pathway called the Suspected Skin Cancer (SSC) service was established to provide general practitioners in Waikato, New Zealand, with rapid diagnosis and treatment advice for lesions suspicious for skin cancer.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the quantity, quality, and characteristics of referrals to the SSC teledermatology service during its first 6 months.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of all referrals sent to the SSC teledermatology service during the first 6 months of its operation was conducted. Time to advice, diagnoses, diagnostic discordance, adherence to advice, and time to treatment were recorded. Diagnostic discordance between general practitioners, dermatologists, and pathologists was calculated.

Results

The SSC service received 340 referrals for 402 lesions. Dermatologists diagnosed 256 (63.7%) of these lesions as benign; 56 (13.9%) were histologically confirmed as malignant, including 19 (4.7%) melanomas. The overall discordance between referrer and dermatologist on specific and broad (ie, benign or malignant) diagnoses for 402 lesions was 47% and 26% (κ=0.58, SD 0.07), respectively; 44% and 26% (κ=0.61, SD 0.15) between referrer and pathologist; and 18% and 12% (κ=0.82, SD 0.12) between dermatologist and pathologist. The mean time between referral submission and receiving advice was 1.02 days. The average time to action (eg, excision) was 64.8 days.

Conclusions

An electronic referral system can be an effective form of teledermatology for providing prompt diagnosis and management advice for benign and malignant skin lesions.
How North Valley Research Break a Dilemma: A Case Study of Project Delivery Approaches
Authors: Wang Kun
Published: April 2023

North Valley Research (NVR) is a start-up technology company, which was established by two founders in 2010. Those co-founders are both from the research and development (R&D) department. In the early years of the company, the whole company paid more attention to R&D and neglected the development of project delivery methodologies. Therefore, traditional project delivery approaches were always adopted in NVR at beginning. With the rapid growth of the vehicle electronic control system market, there will be an opportunity for explosive growth of NVR. However, NVR found that it was difficult to expand its revenue margin. The leadership found that the traditional project delivery method cannot meet the requirements of NVR and have led a campaign called “Corner Stone” to adopt agile method. Unfortunately, after launching this alternative method, the productivity and efficiency of NVR were still growing slowly. After several trials, project managers applied a hybrid method to get out of the dilemma. Currently, while NVR has a short history, it is becoming a professional electronic products and services provider. In addition, NVR has a large proportion in the engineering machinery market segment. It has a huge customer base, which includes Volvo, Sany, Zoomlion, and so forth.
Обряд сватовства у тувинцев Монголии (полевые материалы авторов)
Authors:   Tuvan State University (36, Lenin St., 667000 Kyzyl, Russian Federation), Aiyzhy Elena V. , Aiyzhy Anna V. , Khomushku Anchy V.
Published: April 2023

Introduction. The article examines the authors’ field data for an insight into a key wedding element — the matchmaking ceremony practiced by Tuvans inhabiting Bayan-Ölgii and Khovd provinces of Mongolia. It is due to the latter’s isolation that their material and spiritual culture — and specifically life-cycle rites — still retain somewhat unique features to be identified with the aid of comparative analysis. Goals. The paper aims to investigate the matchmaking ceremony of Tuvans from Bayan-Ölgii and Khovd provinces of Mongolia and, thus, shed light on most ancient beliefs and cults, customs and rituals, clarify questions of ethnogenetic and ethnocultural ties with the core ethnic community — Tuvans of the Tyva Republic (Russia). Methods. The work employs contemporary interdisciplinary research methods that facilitate a comprehensive approach involving methodological principles of related scientific disciplines, such as source studies and ethnography. Investigation of objective reality at the nexus of several related humanities fields shall yield a wider picture of ethnic specificities inherent to the examined culture and its functioning principles in the Tuvan ethnos at large. Results. The article considers archival and newly obtained field data on the matchmaking ceremony practiced by Tuvans of Khovd and Bayan-Ölgii aimags of Mongolia. Conclusions. Thus, the work presents a comparative ethnographic analysis of ritual matchmaking practices observed among Tuvans of Mongolia.
Influencia de la isla urbana de calor en la estimación de las tendencias seculares de la temperatura en Argentina subtropical
Authors: Camilloni Inés , Barros Vicente
Published: April 2023

Se analiza la diferencia urbano-rural de la temperatura media anual en 9 ciudades argentinas con poblaciones entre 20,000 y 8,500,000 habitantes. Con esta finalidad, se utilizan series urbanas y rurales provenientes de estaciones que no distan más de 50 km entre sí. En la zona oriental de la llanura pampeana se pudo suplir la falta de estaciones rurales de referencia mediante un modelo geográfico de temperatura media anual (Barros y Camilloni, 1994). La dependencia del exceso urbano de temperatura con la población es muy similar al encontrado en Australia e inferior al de Estados Unidos. En la región de análisis se encuentra que la tendencia de la temperatura regional en el último siglo es de 0.2°/100 años y representa menos de la mitad de la estimada por Jones y otros (1991). Esta diferencia se debe a que Jones y otros (1991) no identificaron todas las series provenientes de estaciones urbanas y las utilizaron sin aplicar correcciones. Asimismo, se encuentra una correlación negativa entre la temperatura media anual de áreas rurales y el exceso urbano de temperatura en localidades de Argentina y Australia. Esto indica que el calentamiento urbano podría estar siendo sobrestimado en las correcciones de temperatura por urbanización que realizan diversos autores. En la región de estudio, esta sobrestimación seria de 0.1°/100 años en el periodo de mayor calentamiento regional (1906-195Q).
Determinación de Ia conductividad eléctrica de los suelos de Ia República de Cuba
Authors: Pascual Armando , Delgado Omar , Fuentes Nelson
Published: April 2023

Se presenta un mapa de la conductividad eléctrica de la República de Cuba a escala 1: 500 000, a partir del mapa preliminar confeccionado teniendo en cuenta las mediciones de cubrimiento de los transmisores de onda media realizado por el ICRT y el MINCOM, y una campaña de mediciones de la intensidad del campo realizado a lo largo de todo el país. Para la realización de las mediciones y la elaboración de las mismas se utilizó un método experimental simplificado, que permitió un uso óptimo de toda la información disponible. Finalmente se realiza un análisis del mapa de acuerdo con los tipos de suelos y el relieve del terreno.doi: sin doi
Southwestward volcanic migration in the western Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt during the last 2 Ma
Authors: Delgado Granados Hugo , Urrutia-Fucugauchi Jaime , Hasenaka Toshiaki , Ban Masao
Published: April 2023

Fechamientos K-Ar y resultados paleomagnéticos para la región de Chapala nos permiten estimar la edad de las rocas del Grupo Tizapan (Mioceno Tardío-Plioceno Temprano), Grupo Chapala (Mioceno Tardío-Plioceno Temprano), Grupo Travasaño (Plioceno Temprano), Grupo Grande, Grupo Palo Verde y Grupo Zacoalco (Plioceno Tardío-Pleistoceno Temprano), Grupo Santa Cruz y Grupo Acatlán (Pleistoceno Temprano). En el Campo Volcánico de Michoacán-Guanajuato (CVMG) los estudios magnetoestratigráficos permiten documentar los patrones temporales y espaciales del vulcanismo. Las características del vulcanismo en el CVMG sugieren una migración de la actividad volcánica de aproximadamente 90 km hacia la trinchera durante el período comprendido entre los Crones Brunhes y Matuyama (0.78 Ma). En la región de Chapala se observa un patrón diferente, consistente en una migración espacial transicional y de menor magnitud ocurrida entre el Plioceno y, el Pleistoceno. Esta migración implica un cambio en la evolución magmática que se manifiesta en una disminución en el tamaño de los edificios volcánicos.doi: sin doi
The Milpa Alta earthquake of January 21, 1995
Authors: Group Seismology , Cardenas A. , Cruz J.L. , Guzmán M. , Jiménez Z. , Novelo D. , Pacheco J .F. , Pomposo G. , Quintanar L. , Santiago J.A. , Singh S.K. , Tan Y. , Valdés C. , Mijares H. , Nava E. , Rodríguez M. , Gutiérrez C. , Guevara E. , Quaas R. , Ramos E. , Santoyo M. , González R.
Published: April 2023

Durante el último año se produjo un incremento significativo en el número de estaciones sísmicas en operación en el Valle de México. Además, como respuesta al reciente incremento en la actividad fumarólica y sísmica en el volcán Popocatépetl, una densa red sísmica de seis estaciones se instaló alrededor de dicho volcán. Es por ello que el reciente evento del 21 de enero de 1995 (Mc= 3.9), localizado cerca de Ia población de Milpa Alta, a una profundidad de 12 km, es el evento mejor registrado dentro de Ia Faja Volcánica Trans-Mexicana. El análisis de este temblor se facilitó con el uso de dos sismógrafos de banda ancha, uno en Ciudad Universitaria (CU), y el otro cerca de Tlamacas: ambos registraron el sismo. Para restringir el mecanismo focal, desarrollamos un algoritmo que utiliza datos de primeros arribos, polaridades de las fases SV2 y SH, y las razones de amplitud Pz/SH y SV2/SH, medidas en los registros de desplazamiento en las estaciones de banda ancha. El mecanismo focal (rumbo 106°, buzamiento 63°, corrimiento= 39°) corresponde a un fallamiento normal con una gran componente lateral (50%). Este mecanismo es muy similar al mecanismo compuesto determinado a partir de las réplicas del evento del 7 de febrero de 1984 (Me = 3.9), ocurrido en el poblado cercano de Juchitepec. El eje T de estos dos eventos está orientado NS, en concordancia con Ia orientación de esfuerzos inferidos del alineamiento de conos volcánicos cineríticos. Este régimen de esfuerzos tensional en Ia región puede deberse a Ia elevación del altiplano y/o a un retroceso de Ia trinchera.doi: sin doi
Una metodología para el reconocimiento de patrones en tareas geólogo-geofísicas
Authors: Barandela Alonso Ricardo
Published: April 2023

En el presente trabajo se describen y discuten algunas experiencias obtenidas en la práctica del reconocimiento de patrones en el campo geológico y geofísico, llevadas a cabo con el empleo de un método supervisado (la llamada regla NN) y utilizando el sistema interactivo de computación NNINT. Se enumeran criterios extraídos de esas aplicaciones acerca de la conveniencia de preprocesar la muestra de entrenamiento, y se propone una metodología para ello.doi: sin doi
Phytoplankton biomasses and hydrographic conditions during El Niño 1997-1998 in Bahía Concepción, Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: López-Cortés David J. , Bustillos-Guzmán José J. , Gárate-Lizárraga Ismael , Hernández-Sandoval Francisco E. , Murillo-Murillo Iban
Published: April 2023

Los cambios en las condiciones físico-químicas y los pigmentos fitoplanctónicos, en Bahía Concepción, Golfo de California, se analizan para el periodo 1997 a 1999 con el objetivo de observar el efecto de El Niño 1997-1998 en esta bahía. Tres diferencias notables en los parámetros medidos ocurrieron durante 1998: Temperaturas mayores en la columna de agua, un retrazo de 2-3 meses en el inicio del período de la estratificación y concentraciones menores de nutrientes (nitratos y fosfatos) y peridinina. Estos datos sugieren la presencia de Agua Ecuatorial Superficial (altas temperaturas y baja concentración de nutrientes) con un efecto negativo en la proliferación de dinoflagelados. Se discuten las posibles causas de la baja en la concentración de los dinoflagelados.doi: sin doi
Effects of 1997-1998 ENSO on coral reef communities in the Gulf of Califoria, Mexico
Authors: Iglesias Prieto Roberto , Reyes Bonilla Héctor , Riosmena Rodríguez Rafael
Published: April 2023

Las temperaturas superficiales del océano se incrementan significativamente en la zona del Pacífico este durante los eventos El Niño-Oscilación del Sur (ENSO). Este incremento en las temperaturas afecta negativamente a dos comunidades coralinas de la parte sur del Golfo de California. Durante el evento ENSO de 1997-1998, las comunidades bentónicas sésiles estuvieron expuestas a anomalías térmicas de hasta 3.0 °C. El análisis de los cambios en la cobertura de coral vivo en el área durante 1996 (condición pre- ENSO), 1997, 1998 y 1999, indican que aproximadamente el 30% de los corales padeció blanqueamiento. Este evento de blanqueamiento de coral estuvo acompañado de severas mortalidades de hasta 60%. El blanqueamiento de coral fue más intenso en las regiones localizadas más al norte de la zona en estudio, que en las zonas al sur, las cuales comúnmente están expuestas a temperaturas superiores. Los corales localizados en las partes someras experimentaron una mayor incidencia de blanqueamiento que aquéllos localizados en aguas profundas. Los análisis fisiológicos indican que esta distribución vertical responde a diferencias en la temperatura y no a diferencias en la iluminación. Junto con el blanqueamiento y la mortalidad de coral, detectamos variaciones en las densidades poblacionales y en la distribución de tallas de algunos invertebrados asociados al coral. El análisis de las variaciones anuales en riqueza específica de las algas asociadas a los mantos de rodolitos, permiten trazar una línea de base para estudios futuros sobre los impactos del ENSO en estos ecosistemas.doi: sin doi
ENSO phenomenon and toxic red tides in Mexico
Authors: Ochoa José Luís
Published: April 2023

El análisis de la influencia de El Niño en la dinámica y características de las Mareas Rojas tóxicas en México proporciona una explicación parcial del espectro de toxinas marinas que hemos logrado detectar en el litoral Mexicano. Los casos de envenenamiento en humanos (más de 500 con 20 muertes en los últimos 25 años), y el impacto en la vida silvestre (numerosos casos de mortandades masivas de peces, aves marinas, mamíferos marinos, tortugas marinas, etc.) derivados de la exposición a toxinas producidas por el fitoplancton marino, se encuentran ampliamente documentados. Aun así, resulta imposible generalizar respecto al efecto directo del fenómeno de El Niño sobre la incidencia, frecuencia y magnitud de las proliferaciones microalgales nocivas en nuestro país. Por la posición geográfica y las condiciones socioeconómicas que imperan, el impacto de las proliferaciones microalgales nocivas es severo. Este documento plantea le necesidad de investigar a fondo las proliferaciones microalgales nocivas en México para evaluar y mitigar su impacto.doi: sin doi
Hydrographic monitoring of El Niño 97-98 off the coast of southwest Mexico
Authors: Filonov Anatoliy E. , Tereshchenko Irina E. , Monzón César Octavio
Published: April 2023

Se analiza la información de campo colectada durante muestreos hidrográficos mensuales frente a la costa occidental de México en el periodo 1996-1998. Los perfiles de temperatura y salinidad para los periodos verano-otoño 1997 e invierno 1998 son muy diferentes a los perfiles obtenidos en los mismos meses para el año de 1996. Estas diferencias podrían ser explicadas por la entrada de grandes volúmenes de agua templada y menos salina, cuyas características TS sugieren un origen del Pacífico Tropical. En enero de 1998, estas masas de agua ocuparon completamente la capa superficial en sus primeros 90 m. El almacenamiento de energía en los 150 m superiores aumentó a 15.3 GJ/m2 en comparación con el valor de 10.1 GJ/m2 en enero de 1996. El proceso responsable de las anomalías en la temperatura superficial en la región EN B del Pacífico ecuatorial ocurrió un mes antes del aumento en temperatura y descenso de la salinidad observada en el lugar.doi: sin doi
Neotectonic related geological risk at dams in the Mexico Basin: Guadalupe dam
Authors: Marín-Córdova Salvador , Campos-Enríquez Oscar , Herrera-Moro-Castillo Mario
Published: April 2023

Se analizaron los tres modelos tectónicos existentes del área de la Cuenca de México, con base en los cuales se elaboró un modelo tectónico que in corpora las estructuras geológicas comunes. Posteriormente se identificaron diversas obras civiles a lo largo de estas estructuras que pudieran sufrir efectos negativos para su seguro funcionamiento, debido a la actividad neotectónica de dichas estructuras. Como ejemplo del riesgo geológico para estas obras civiles que representan las estructuras definidas en los tres modelos, se analizó el caso de la Presa Guadalupe. Esta obra civil, de acuerdo con los registros de funcionamiento, ha tenido tres etapas de rehabilitación asociadas con agrietamientos y asentarnientos ocurridos en la cortina. Esos asentamientos y fracturas estan asociadas con actividad geotectónica de fallas transtensionales cercanas. Este estudio es un ejemplo de como la geotectónica de la región ha originado asentamientos y fracturas en edificios, inestabilidad y deslizamientos en caminos, asi como zonas de alta permeabilidad en lagos y presas, causando graves dafios y representa una contribución para futuros programas de prevención.doi: sin doi