bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving model-free prediction of chaotic dynamics by purifying the incomplete input
Authors: Tan Hongfang , Shi Lufa , Wang Shengjun , Qu Shi-Xian
Published: December 2024

Despite the success of data-driven machine learning in forecasting complex nonlinear dynamics, predicting future evolution based on incomplete historical data remains challenging. Reservoir Computing (RC), a widely adopted approach, suffers from incomplete past observations since it typically requires complete data for accurate predictions. In this paper, a novel data processing scheme is introduced to improve the predictive performance of the RC when the input time series or dynamic trajectories are incomplete, for example, a portion of elements or states are randomly omitted or removed. It is a purification strategy, in which the input data are purified by selecting data or data sequences that are one step ahead of the segments of missing data. The selected data are positioned in turn in a new input, which is no longer indexed by the temporal order in the original time series. This approach matches the one-step-head nature of the convention RC and is thus very simple and efficient, without changing anything in the architecture of RC and avoiding sophisticated pretreatment on the incomplete input. It has been successfully employed to predict the chaotic dynamics in the Logistic map, Lorenz and Rössler systems, when the machine is trained by the purified input. The effect of the missing data on the predictive performance of the RC is also discussed. The results suggest that the purification of input can significantly improve its efficiency of predictive performance.
An attention-based motor imagery brain–computer interface system for lower limb exoskeletons
Authors: Ma Xinzhi , Chen Weihai , Pei Zhongcai , Zhang Jing
Published: December 2024

Lower-limb exoskeletons have become increasingly popular in rehabilitation to help patients with disabilities regain mobility and independence. Brain–computer interface (BCI) offers a natural control method for these exoskeletons, allowing users to operate them through their electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. However, the limited EEG decoding performance of the BCI system restricts its application for lower limb exoskeletons. To address this challenge, we propose an attention-based motor imagery BCI system for lower limb exoskeletons. The decoding module of the proposed BCI system combines the convolutional neural network (CNN) with a lightweight attention module. The CNN aims to extract meaningful features from EEG signals, while the lightweight attention module aims to capture global dependencies among these features. The experiments are divided into offline and online experiments. The offline experiment is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of different decoding methods, while the online experiment is conducted on a customized lower limb exoskeleton to evaluate the proposed BCI system. Eight subjects are recruited for the experiments. The experimental results demonstrate the great classification performance of the decoding method and validate the feasibility of the proposed BCI system. Our approach establishes a promising BCI system for the lower limb exoskeleton and is expected to achieve a more effective and user-friendly rehabilitation process.
Analytic modeling of sensitivity in diffusion-limited type-II superlattice mid-wave infrared nBn photodetectors for design optimization for low-irradiance conditions
Authors: Newell A. T. , Carrasco R. A. , Hains C. P. , Logan J. V. , Balakrishnan G. , Maestas D. , Morath C. P. , Webster P. T.
Published: December 2024

An analytical model for diffusion-limited detector sensitivity under low-irradiance conditions is derived from carrier continuity equations and verified with Silvaco TCAD drift-diffusion software. The model is used to determine the optimal design parameters for a mid-wave infrared InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattice nBn photodetector for maximum sensitivity under both topside- and backside-illumination conditions. A minimum attainable noise-equivalent irradiance of 4.5 × 1010 photons/cm2 s is found for InAs/InAsSb nBn at 130 K, roughly 2.4× higher than a detector exhibiting Rule 07 dark current density and unity quantum efficiency. A design heuristic, offering a simple and practical approach to designing a high-sensitivity detector, is then developed and performance is found to be comparable to the optimally designed structures. Finally, an evaluation of the impact of each material parameter on noise-equivalent irradiance is performed, revealing that the intrinsic carrier concentration, effective minority carrier lifetime, and absorption coefficient exhibit the largest impacts on sensitivity for diffusion-limited detectors.
Trajectories of hospital service use in the last 12 months of life by people with chronic kidney disease: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Okuba Tolesa , Sa Zhisheng , Badgery-Parker Tim , Long Janet C. , Braithwaite Jeffrey , Makris Angela , Hutton Annie , Levesque Jean-Frederic , Watson Diane E. , Westbrook Johanna I. , Mitchell Rebecca
Published: December 2024

Objective This study aimed to examine group-based trajectories of hospital service use by people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the last 12 months of life. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using hospital admission and mortality data in New South Wales, Australia. Individuals aged ≥18 years who were hospitalised during 2014–2021 and who died during 2015–2021 were included. A group-based trajectory analysis was conducted including all-cause admissions and unplanned-only admissions. Multinomial logistic regression examined predictors of trajectory group membership. Results There were 10,653 adults who had at least one CKD hospital admission 12 months prior to death. Four group-based trajectories of hospital service use were identified for all-cause admissions (i.e. Very-Low, Low, Moderate, High) and three group-based trajectories for unplanned-only admissions (i.e. Low, Moderate, High). The study identified associations between frequent hospitalisations and key patient characteristics and health conditions. Individuals in the High hospitalisation group were more likely to have cancer (OR 4.55; 95% CI: 2.54–8.16). Additionally, the High unplanned hospitalisation group showed increased likelihoods of being adults aged 18–64 years (OR 1.94; 95% CI: 1.32–2.84) and having diagnosis of congestive heart failure (OR 1.80; 95% CI: 1.26–2.55), cancer (OR 2.25; 95% CI: 1.49–3.40), mental disorders (OR 1.88; 95% CI: 1.35–2.62) or smoking (OR 2.01; 95% CI: 1.49–2.70) compared with the Low hospitalisation group. Conclusions Group-based trajectory analysis revealed specific patterns in hospital service usage. Understanding these patterns helps in devising targeted strategies to decrease unplanned hospitalisations among these high-risk patients.
Natural antibodies to polysaccharide capsules enable Kupffer cells to capture invading bacteria in the liver sinusoids
Authors: Tian Xianbin , Liu Yanni , Zhu Kun , An Haoran , Feng Jie , Zhang Linqi , Zhang Jing-Ren
Published: December 2024

The interception of blood-borne bacteria in the liver defines the outcomes of invasive bacterial infections, but the mechanisms of this antibacterial immunity are not fully understood. This study shows that natural antibodies (nAbs) to capsules enable liver macrophage Kupffer cells (KCs) to rapidly capture and kill blood-borne encapsulated bacteria in mice. Affinity pulldown with serotype-10A capsular polysaccharides (CPS10A) of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn10A) led to the identification of CPS10A-binding nAbs in serum. The CPS10A–antibody interaction enabled KCs to capture Spn10A bacteria from the bloodstream, in part through complement receptors on KCs. The nAbs were found to recognize the β1-6-linked galactose branch of CPS10A and similar moieties of serotype-39 S. pneumoniae and serotype-K50 Klebsiella pneumoniae capsules. More importantly, the nAbs empowered KCs to capture serotype-39 S. pneumoniae and serotype-K50 K. pneumoniae in the liver. Collectively, our data have revealed a highly effective immune function of nAb against encapsulated bacteria and emphasize the concept of treating septic encapsulated bacterial diseases with monoclonal antibodies.
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K7 of the air-kerma standards of the PTB, Germany, and the BIPM in mammography x-rays
Authors: Kessler C , Burns D , Pojtinger S
Published: December 2024

Main text

A new key comparison has been made between the air-kerma standards of the PTB, Germany, and the BIPM in mammography x-ray beams. The results show the standards to agree at the level of the expanded uncertainty of the comparison of 7.2 parts in 103. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence, suitable for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Interplay of Kitaev Interaction and Off-Diagonal Exchanges: Exotic Phases and Quantum Phase Diagrams
Authors: Luo 罗 Qiang 强 , Zhao 赵 Jize 继泽 , Wang 王 Xiaoqun 孝群
Published: December 2024

Aligning with the ongoing search for quantum spin liquids (QSLs), identifying QSLs in Kitaev magnets has attracted significant research interest during the past decade. Nevertheless, it remains a significant challenge. One of the major difficulties is that Kitaev QSL is typically fragile to competing interactions such as off-diagonal exchanges, which are ubiquitous in real materials owing to spin-orbit coupling and crystal-field effects. This, in turn, generates many intriguing field-induced novel phases and the thermal Hall effect. In this review, we focus on the interplay between the Kitaev interaction and off-diagonal Γ and Γ′ exchange from a numerical perspective. The review discusses certain representative exotic phases such as Γ spin liquid, nematic ferromagnet, spin-flop phase, and distinct chiral spin states with spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking. It also presents quantum phase diagrams of anisotropic Kitaev-Γ chains that exhibit kaleidoscopy for both ordered and disordered phases.
Dynamical symmetry restoration in the Heisenberg spin chain
Authors: Rylands Colin , Vernier Eric , Calabrese Pasquale
Published: December 2024

The entanglement asymmetry is an observable independent tool to investigate the relaxation of quantum many-body systems through the restoration of an initially broken symmetry of the dynamics. In this paper we use this to investigate the effects of interactions on quantum relaxation in a paradigmatic integrable model. Specifically, we study the dynamical restoration of the U(1) symmetry corresponding to rotations about the z-axis in the XXZ model quenched from a tilted ferromagnetic state. We find two distinct patterns of behaviour depending upon the interaction regime of the model. In the gapless regime, at roots of unity, we find that the symmetry restoration is predominantly carried out by bound states of spinons of maximal length. The velocity of these bound states is suppressed as the anisotropy is decreased toward the isotropic point leading to slower symmetry restoration. By varying the initial tilt angle, one sees that symmetry restoration is slower for an initially smaller tilt angle, signifying the presence of the quantum Mpemba effect. In the gapped regime, however, spin transport for non maximally tilted states is dominated by smaller bound states with longer bound states becoming frozen. This leads to much longer time scales for restoration compared to the gapless regime. In addition, the quantum Mpemba effect is absent in the gapped regime.
Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Characteristics for Various CPU Designs
Authors: Lal Milind , Surabhi N G , Srikanth N S
Published: December 2024

Due to the rise in demand of computers with high computing power, there is significant advancement in electronic components inside the CPU cabinet every 6 months. The life of these electronic components is greatly affected by their working temperatures. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the temperature of these devices within acceptable limits. Forced air cooling inside the CPU cabinet is a widely used technique for this purpose. Heat sinks are another way of increasing the heat transfer rate. The present study analyses the effect of different probable improvement cases implemented in the basic CPU cabinet. These improvement cases include changing the position and number of fans, changing the type of heat sink, and changing the inlet cross section. By making use of commercially available CFD softwares like Ansys Fluent and Icepak, the cooling effect in the CPU cabinet is analysed.
A Review on methylene blue degradation activities of various transition metal oxides nanocomposites
Authors: Seema S , Bhatt Praveen , Meenakshi  , Sharma Rajesh
Published: December 2024

In recent time, the major issue faced by the society is to get clean water for the drinking purpose. One of the most common chemical that renders water unsafe for drinking is industrial dyes. Out of so many dyes, Methylene Blue (MB) dye is the one that is used in textiles causing dye effluent contamination. It is non-biodegradable, poisonous and carcinogenic which is hazardous for environment and human health. Therefore, it is necessary to create an effective, environmentally acceptable method of removing MB from wastewater. Nowadays, metal oxides-based semiconductor is used as a photo catalyst for removing organic dye in wastewater. But their photocatalytic efficiency is constrained due to large forbidden gap and large recombination time of electron hole pairs. Thus, researchers continuously worked to improve the degradation efficiency using a dopant or by forming nanocomposites. Therefore, in the current review article, the synthesis method of metal oxide (MO) nanoparticles and their photocatalytic efficiency toward MB dye have been discussed.
Kaehlerian Projective Recurrent Manifolds of Umbilical Hypersurface
Authors: Sulochana  , Negi U. S. , Chauhan Preeti
Published: December 2024

Murgescu (1970) explored generalized weyl spaces, while Negi (2017) Investigated Kaehlerian conharmonic bi-recurrent spaces. Subsequently, Negi (2018) delved into hyper asymptotic curves on Kaehlerian hypersurfaces. In this current work, the author computes Kaehlerian projective recurrent manifolds of umbilical hypersurfaces with a comprehensive weyl conharmonic recurrent curvature tensor and the projective recurrent curvature tensor.
Convergence analysis of Periodic Functions in Hölder Class
Authors: Dumka Diksha , Sharma Kusum , Sahani S.K. , Sharma Garima
Published: December 2024

Abundant research have been carried out to calculate the inaccuracy between the input and output signals. Singh [2] defined the Hölder’s i.e. H
ω space and approximated the functions belonging to this space through (C, 1)(E, 1) i.e. the product of (C, 1) and (E, 1) mean. In this article, we first introduce the triple product transform i.e. (N, pn
)(C, 1)(E, 1) and establish a result on approximation of signals in H
ω space via conjugate of Fourier series.
Numerical analysis of heat and mass transport of hybrid nanofluid over a nonlinear stretchable sheet with magnetic field in presence of Soret and dufour Effect
Authors: Jat Kavita , Sharma Kalpna , Soni Pooja , Choudhary Prasun
Published: December 2024

The study investigates the consequence of Soret and Dufour effects on magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid flow past a nonlinear stretchable sheet. Hybrid nanofluids, a new type of conventional fluid, are found to enhance boundary layer heat transfer compared to conventional nanofluids. Water serves as base fluid with copper and aluminium oxide nanoparticles. The analysis utilizes the Darcy-Forchheimer flow near a nonlinearly passable stretched surface, incorporating nonlinear heat radiation. Through similarity conversion and the bvp4c method, numerical solutions are obtained. Parametric studies reveal the influence of various physical parameters, with graphical representations illustrating fluid parameter variations. Numerical interpretations include coefficients of surface drag, heat flux, and mass flux. The study shows that the Dufour effect significantly benefits heat exchange in hybrid nanofluids, while the Soret number indicates alterations in solute diffusivity with temperature changes. Also, it is noted that high resistance offered by local inertia coefficient causes an increase in the skin’s friction.
On the Free Vibration of 3D-Printed Structural Elements
Authors: Virgin Lawrie
Published: December 2024

This paper focuses on using 3D-printing to produce relatively simple, flexible structural components such as cantilevers, rings and plane frames. The relatively high resolution of modern 3D-printers facilitates the production of small-scale but slender structures, and thus provides an opportunity to exploit geometric parameter variations to enhance a practical understanding of stiffness and vibration. This approach has proved successful in both the classroom via demonstration models, as well as in the research lab in which elementary facilities can be utilized to acquire data. An especially useful facet of this approach is the assessment and justification for modeling simplifications, e.g., estimating flexural modulus, or judging the circumstances under which the familiar sway assumption is valid in portal frames. Non-simple structural geometries, for example circular rings, can also be conveniently produced and tested for natural frequencies and vibration mode shapes. We then extend this approach to forced vibration, with examples including the vibrating reed tachometer and sympathetic resonance. The advantage of this approach obviates the need for any external sources of excitation.
Experimental analysis of the electromagnetic damper of a non-ideal system revisited
Authors: Petrocino E A , Balthazar J M , GonÇalves P J P , Silveira M , Tusset A M , Ribeiro M A
Published: December 2024

The use of limited power motors fixed to flexible structures is widely used in engineering and has seen a significant increase in published studies. These components form a non-ideal system, which can cause undesirable phenomena throughout its execution, such as the capture of parametric oscillation by resonance, studied by Sommerfeld, whose effect bears his name. One study, on a vibration absorber in a non-ideal system, was done in Petrocino et al., Meccanica, v. 58, n. 1, p. 287-302, 2023, on a model that represents a fixed beam and at the free end a motor with its unbalanced shaft. In this work, based on the equations that govern the movement, an analytical development was carried out, using the average method, to obtain an approximate solution and numerical simulations with the absorber on and off. The results demonstrated a reduction in parametric excitation, an effect caused by the electromagnetic absorber. Based on the parameters of this revisited work, a prototype was built to carry out experimental tests. A beam was fixed at one end and at the free end a DC motor was fixed with an unbalance on its axis, a magnet fixed at the free end immersed in the core of a coil as a damping actuator. When the motor is accelerated, it causes a parametric excitation in the beam and is captured by resonance, where the damping action is evident. The results of the tests were compared with the results of the models from the revisited work, validating the performance of the passive electromagnetic vibration absorber.
Signal analysis for drone detection and characterization using acoustic radar
Authors: Zakaria N A Z , Mohd Rozaimi F N S , Enche Ab Rahim S A , Khan Z I
Published: December 2024

In response to the growing use of drones, this paper focuses on developing a radar-based drone detection system, emphasizing the challenges and opportunities of the Acoustic Radar method. The research addresses the critical challenge of accurately detecting drones to protect sensitive areas and facilities. By tackling the limitations of current drone detection methods, such as optical surveillance, and addressing challenges related to limited datasets, this research innovates analysis for accurate and reliable drone detection and characterization. The methodology involves data acquisition, signal processing using MATLAB, and signal analysis. The system configuration includes wired microphones attached to a tripod and connected to a laptop for data processing and display, set up in an outdoor environment to minimize interference. Quantitative insights are derived through mean and standard deviation calculations, guided by predefined targets reflecting amplitude variations based on drone size and distance. To address the challenge of surrounding sound noise, the system implements digital filters to enhance detection accuracy. The results underscore the effectiveness of the proposed Acoustic Radar method in advancing algorithms for accurate and reliable drone detection and characterization.
Design of Dual Band Bowtie Slot Antenna with Rectangular-Shaped Defected Ground Structure
Authors: Wee Ting Richard Sing , Zainal Abidin Intan Sorfina , Aziz Azniza Abd
Published: December 2024

The need for 5G antenna has been increasing rapidly due to the development of 5G communication which recently has become popular and advanced. In this research, a bowtie slot antenna with rectangular-shaped defected ground structure (DGS) that can operate at 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz, which is used in 5G communication, was designed, simulated and optimized. Parametric study was conducted to study the effect of DGS on the antenna’s performance. The dual band bowtie slot antenna with two rectangular-shaped DGS have been proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna displayed excellent performance in the reflection coefficient of the operating frequency with simulated S
11 around -69 dB and -68 dB at 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz respectively. It was observed that multiple rectangular-shaped DGS were able to improve the antenna’s impedance matching, reflection coefficient and bandwidth performance.
Electromagnetic Simulation of a Negative Refractive Index Lens Antenna
Authors: Ghifarry M F A , Kamardin K , Idris I H , Yamada Y
Published: December 2024

Lens antennas are well known to achieve good multi-beam radiation patterns. When lens material is formed by a negative refractive index material, multi-beam radiation patterns are improved because the lens thickness is reduced. An electromagnetic simulator is convenient for obtaining radiation characteristics. However, the suitable electromagnetic simulator for a negative refractive index lens simulation is limited. Only a few electronic simulators can simulate a negative refractive index value. In this paper, the availability of HFSS software is examined. Calculation methods such as structure forming and calculation parameter setting are explained. Calculated results of electrical near field distribution, aperture distribution of amplitude and phase and radiation pattern are shown. By comparing calculated results with theoretical values, accuracies of calculated results are ensured.
High Gain Radial Line Slot Array Antenna (RLSA) Integrated with Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) for mm-wave 5G Applications
Authors: Alwareth Husam , Ibrahim IM , Zakaria Zahriladha , Abdullah Al-Gburi Ahmed Jamal , Purnamirza Teddy , Jamaluddin Mohd Haizal
Published: December 2024

The proposed RLSA antenna incorporates a new metamaterial designed at 26 GHz resonance frequency, utilizing a Rogers 5880 substrate layer that has a 1.575 mm thickness. The diameter of the RLSA antenna in Free-space wavelength is 17.34λ0. This RLSA antenna, equipped with a frequency selective substrate (FSS) metamaterial reflector, operates within the frequency range of 22.5 to 30.5 GHz, obtaining a 24.58 dBi realized gain. This development is capable of enhancing the gain and reducing the side lobe level, making it compatible with 5G millimeter-wave applications.
Advancing the Emission Inventory of Peat Decomposition in Indonesian Peatlands
Authors: Agus Fahmuddin
Published: December 2024

Indonesia aims to achieve a Forest and Other Land Use (FOLU) Net Sink by 2030. The greatest challenge lies in drained peatlands, significant sources of CO2 emissions from peat decomposition. Attaining net sink or net zero emissions from drained peatlands appears unattainable; thus, the primary goal is substantial emission reduction. The main intervention for peatland emission mitigation involves raising the water table as high as feasible, balancing agricultural productivity and local economic needs. A long-term strategy for emission reduction could involve implementing paludiculture once drained peatlands reach a non-drainable level, or earlier if economically viable alternatives to drained commodities emerge. Development of emission factors, such as linear models correlating average water table levels with CO2 emissions, is well-advanced and crucial for assessing the impact of canal blocking on emission reduction. However, there remains a need for activity data that quantify the area affected and the extent of water table rise due to canal blocks. Such data are essential for Tier 3 assessments of emission reduction and for improving water management strategies in Indonesian peatlands. Therefore, it is recommended to develop a model describing the effects of canal blocking on average area affected and water table rise, supported by comprehensive data compilation and new research aimed at elucidating these relationships. Access to such activity data will facilitate Tier 3 quantification of CO2 emission reductions in restored peatland areas.
Water Table Dynamic and Peat Motion in Forest and Burnt Area in Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
Authors: Yulianti L , Evans C D , Jovani-Sancho A J
Published: December 2024

Water table dynamic (WTD) and peat motion are useful data to assess the condition of peatland ecosystems. Decomposition of peat is affected by WTD, with lower groundwater levels resulting in larger peat subsidence and CO2 emissions. In this study, we used low-cost time-lapse cameras based on Raspberry Pi computers to periodically monitor peat motion and water table depth. The camera will take pictures every 2 hours at the same time as the WTD data taken by water level logger. The aim of this research is to determine the magnitude of peat surface movement under forest cover and ex-burnt conditions. The research locations where time-lapse cameras were installed were six locations: UPR Hampangen Natural Laboratory, KHDTK Tumbang Nusa, Repeat, the southern burnt area, and Sebangau National Park. Data collection for WTD and peat movement was carried out from December 2022 to June 2023. The research results show that the WTD value is inversely proportional to the value of peat subsidence. In the Sebangau National Park location, which has a low mean WTD value (-0,31 m), there was a large decrease in the peat surface of -1.36 cm. The UPR Hampangen Natural Laboratory location has a high mean WTD (0,12 m), there was the smallest peat reduction of - 0.12 cm.
Effects of Land and Water Management on Bulk Density of Peat Soils in Coconut Plantations
Authors: Putri R , Suwardi  , Iskandar  , Sumawinata B , Fawzi N I
Published: December 2024

Peatlands, which cover approximately 7% of Indonesia’s land surface, hold significant agricultural potential but require careful management for sustainability. The objective of this research is to assess the effects of land and water management on peat soil bulk density (BD) and subsidence in agricultural practices employing integrated water management. The study was conducted in Pulau Burung District, Riau Province, which is the only Nucleus and Smallholder Estate Scheme of coconut plantation in Indonesia. The plantation applied and managed an integrated water management technique called “Water Management Trinity” to regulate water levels during rainy and dry spells, ensuring optimal growth conditions and maintaining peat soil wetness. The results show no pattern differences in BD between the nucleus estate and smallholder estate, with values ranging from 0.10–0.19 g/cm3. It was observed that peat soil BD decreases with increasing depth. The annual subsidence rate is -1.56 cm. However, the BD has increased by 136% relative to the initial measurements in 1986, contributing to a slowdown in the progression of subsidence rates in recent years. The adoption of cover crop management, which enhances nutrient cycling processes in peat soil on the nucleus estate, and the transformation of farmers from conventional practices to apply cover crop management, have shown positive impacts on productivity. The application of sustainable management practices in coconut plantations demonstrates the potential for the sustainable use of peatlands, particularly in mitigating the high subsidence rates that are a primary concern in peatland agriculture.
Utilization of Landsat 8 Oli Tirs for Environmental Quality Spatial Modeling
Authors: Muhaimin M , Arisanty D , Adyatma S , Saputra A N , Jumriani J
Published: December 2024

The escalating human activities are precipitating substantial disruption of global ecosystems on various scales. The demand for effective techniques to measure, detect, and analyze ecological change is mounting in this context. Remote sensing technology is gaining prominence as a substitute for field measurements of spatial changes in environmental conditions. This research enhances the new remote sensing-based ecology index using spatial data from Landsat 8 Oli satellite imagery. The satellite image 2023 in the Riam Kanan area, South Kalimantan Province—data analysis using remote sensing ecology index. The four indicators used to assess the remote sensing ecology index are greenness (representing vegetation, NDVI), humidity (representing soil moisture, NDMI), heat (representing temperature, LST), and drought (representing built-up areas, NDBSI). A principal component analysis (PCA) was then conducted to integrate these four indicators. The results demonstrate that Landsat OLI 8 Tirs imagery can be effectively utilized to identify environmental quality. Specifically, through Landsat 8 OLI Tirs imagery, it was determined that there has been a decline in environmental quality at the research site. This deterioration is attributed to decreased vegetation (NDVI), increased temperature (LST), changes in soil moisture (NDMI), and indications of high drought (NDBSI). The fundamental concept behind the remote sensing ecology index is that any environmental change will cause significant alterations to all four essential characteristics of the index.
Application of Cattle Manure Compost Mixed With Kalakai (Stenochlaena palustris) in Peatlands on Growth and Components of Yield Of Sweet Corn (Zea mays Saccharata)
Authors: Rumbang N , Paulini  , Anjalani R , Asie E R
Published: December 2024

Increasing sweet corn yields in peatland is achieved by fertilizing using organic fertilizer to make it environmentally friendly. Fertilization aims to increase soil fertility and meet plant nutrient needs. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the components of sweet corn growth and yield in peatland by the application of compost made of cattle manure and kalakai. This study arranged in a Randomized Block Design, consisting of 5 treatments i.e. P1 (treatment without cattle manure compost as a control), P2 (10 tons/ha of cattle manure compost), P3 (20 tons/ha of cattle manure compost), P4 (30 tons/ha of cattle manure compost), and P5 (40 tons/ha of cattle manure compost). The components of sweet corn yield and growth were the variables that were observed. According to the study, there was a significant difference in sweet corn plant height and leaves quantity at 45 days after planting across all treatments (P<0.05). At 45 days after planting, all treatments showed significant differences (P<0.05) in ear length, ear circumference, ear weight without husks, number of corn kernel rows, and number of corn kernels per row of sweet corn plants. The P3 treatment gave the best results in this study.
The Effect of NaOH Concentration and Cooking Time on The Fiber Dimensions and Derived Values of Tabulus Wood (Litsea sp.)
Authors: Supriyati Wahyu , Herianto  , Alpian  , Herianto  , Luhan Gimson
Published: December 2024

It is necessary to study the dimensions of the fiber in relation to the influence of NaOH concentration and cooking time on fiber dimensions and derived values. This research aims to determine the fiber dimensions and derivative values of Tabulus wood fibers, as well as the effect of NaOH concentration and pulp cooking time in the cold soda pulping process of Tabulus wood pulp fibers. The testing follows IAWA guidelines. A completely randomized design was used to analyze the effect of NaOH concentration and cooking time on fiber dimensions. The results indicate that Tabulus wood fiber exhibits characteristics suitable for pulp and paper production. Specifically, its Runkel ratio (fiber wall thickness) is relatively low (<1), indicating thin fiber walls that contribute to stronger and smoother paper sheets. The addition of NaOH concentration and cooking time had a significant effect on the reduction of fiber length but no significant effect on changes in fiber diameter. The increase in NaOH concentration had a significant effect on the lumen diameter. Changes in fiber wall thickness, along with the addition of NaOH concentration and cooking time, showed very significant effects. The pulping process resulted in a decrease in the Runkel number, felting power, coefficient of rigidity, and Muhlsteph ratio, while increasing the flexibility value. Higher NaOH concentration and longer cooking times lead to reduced fiber length and fiber wall thickness, which are favorable for papermaking
The Impact of Food Estate Policy Implementation on Local Economy and Community Welfare in Central Kalimantan: Post-Implementation Review
Authors: Tulis R S , Pramusinto A , Subarsono A , Kusumasari B
Published: December 2024

The Food Estate Policy implemented in Central Kalimantan has had a significant impact on the local economy and community welfare, although it poses various challenges. The purpose of the post-implementation review is to comprehensively evaluate the impact of the policy using both secondary data and field interviews as well as through a literature review. The analysis seeks to understand the influence of the policy on the local economy. The results show that the Food Estate program has increased Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) growth in several districts such as Kapuas, Pulang Pisau, and Gunung Mas, and created new jobs. However, the distribution of economic benefits has not been equitable, with welfare inequalities between farmers and indigenous communities. Negative impacts such as deforestation, environmental degradation and social conflict also need to be addressed. This research provides important insights for more inclusive and sustainable policy improvements, with a focus on community welfare and environmental sustainability in the affected areas.
Evaluate Fire Risk and Economic Impact Area Around Palm Companies
Authors: Subianto P , Benius  , Martilova K
Published: December 2024

This study empirically examines the fire risk and economic impact surrounding the palm oil company PT. AGL in Ramang, Pulang Pisau District. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and risk analysis (consequence × likelihood), the research surveyed 87 respondents through purposive sampling. Results indicate that PT. AGL has contributed positively by reducing unemployment and improving health and educational outcomes in the community. However, the fire risk analysis shows severe consequences, particularly in health impacts, ecosystem damage, and air pollution, which are categorized as extreme risks. Future policies should focus on enhancing fire mitigation strategies.
Forecasting corn land area using the ARIMA method and its impact on forest degradation in Sumbawa
Authors: Syaharuddin
Published: December 2024

This study aims to determine the development of corn planting area that has an impact on the periodic reduction of forest area in the Sumbawa region, NTB. The location of corn plantations around protected forests is the main focus of this research. We used the ARIMA method to forecast data for the last 10 years to identify the level of forest degradation. The simulation results show that during this period there was a 12.56% increase in the area under maize cultivation. The negative impacts of this increase include land erosion and degradation, drought, flooding and landslides. In response, starting in 2023, the government actively conducts community guidance, law enforcement, and designation of protected forest areas. Using an ARIMA model that has a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 3.78%, it is estimated that in the next five years, the area of corn planted will decrease by 0.27%. This reduction is expected to be offset by reforestation activities and ecotourism development to preserve the forest in Sumbawa. The findings provide guidance for the government and stakeholders in designing sustainable land management and forest conservation policies.
Land Suitability of Agroforestry Components in Tompo Bulu Village, Bulupoddo District, Sinjai Regency
Authors: Arty Budi , Rosyidah Ummi , Dicky  , Asri Lisdawati
Published: December 2024

Plants have unique growing needs for optimal growth. Unfortunately, land expansion, reduction in fertile agricultural land, and errors in selecting plant types of hamper agroforestry development. This study was carried out in two stages of activities: field activities and laboratory analysis. Field activities were carried out in Tompo Bulu Village, Bulupoddo District, Sinjai Regency. Laboratory analyses were carried out at the Silviculture and Tree Physiology Laboratory of Forestry Faculty, Hasanuddin University. This study aims to evaluate land suitability for agroforestry. The land is compared with ideal criteria for the crops planted (pine, cocoa, coffee, cloves, nutmeg, sugar palm, rambutan, mahogany, teak, and banana). The results show that land suitability varies from marginal (S3) to unsuitable (N). The main limiting factor is the very low soil pH. However, this obstacle can be overcome by liming or adding organic materials.
Modelling multi-forestry business development based on landslide natural disasters
Authors: Sugiharto A. , Purnomo H. , Wijayanto N. , Kuncahyo B. , Puspaningsih N.
Published: December 2024

This study is a multi-forestry business perception of landslide natural disasters from various stakeholders. NGOs were involved in bridging policy and the role of local governments in developing multi-forestry businesses. The unit of analysis in this research is an individual representing all villages in Sukabumi FMU forest area. This method was carried out by distributing questionnaires to the forest village. Questionnaires were distributed to all forest villages, 2-3 questionnaires each. The software used is SmartPLS. In reflective measurements, the outer loading value is> 0.7, the AVE value is> 0.5, Cronbach’s alpha is> 0.7, and composite reliability> 0.7. Discriminant validity also meets the criteria of Fornell Larcker and HTMT values (<0.9). The structural model shows that there is no multicollinearity between variables (Inner VIF is <5) p Value is <0.05). The suitability of the research model shows that the R2, Q2, SRMR, and NFI values meet the level of prediction accuracy. In conclusion, the perception of multi-forestry businesses directly influences the containment and control of landslide natural disasters. However, multi-business forestry does not mediate significantly in terms of the role of local government and the community’s expectations of forests as a barrier and control for landslides.
Land Cover Change in Malino Sub Watershed, Jeneberang Watershed
Authors: Nurindah  , Thamrin P. S. , Soma A. S. , Arsyad U. , Wiswati N.I.
Published: December 2024

The increasing population and limited land resources will negatively impact the environment, potentially degrading the quality of river watersheds. In this article, we examine how population growth affects land use changes in the Malino Sub-watershed, which is part of the Jeneberang Watershed. The data used are land use data from 2014, 2019, and 2023, analyzed over the last 10 years using the Geographic Information System (GIS) approach and the overlay analysis method in ArcGIS software. These methods were applied to observe the land use changes and to calculate the quality of the river watershed using the Percentage of Vegetation Cover (PPV). The results of the research show that the land cover of the Malino Sub-watershed in 2023 includes 18,86% rice fields, 2,81% shrubs, 39,42% mixed dryland agriculture, 1,26% water bodies, 3,73% settlements, 31,77% secondary dryland forest, 1,83% plantations, and 0,33% open land. Over 10 years (2014 to 2023), there was a 17,91% decrease in forest area, a 16,01% decrease in plantations, a 13,22% decrease in shrubs, and a 74,46% decrease in open land. Meanwhile, there was a 62,05% increase in settlements, a 17,75% increase in rice fields, and a 9,31% increase in mixed dryland farming, as the population increased from 40.976 people in 2014 to 43.064 people in 2023. As a result, there has been degradation and a decline in watershed quality, as indicated by the Percentage of Permanent Vegetation Cover (PPV) in 2023, which was 34,58%, falling under the poor category. There was a 7,36% decrease in vegetation cover over the 10 years. Therefore, we recommend implementing both vegetative and mechanical conservation techniques.
Assessment of Potential Carbon Stock in Social Forestry Areas in the Tangka Forest Management Unit
Authors: Chairil A , Rijal Syamsu , Nursaputra Munajat , Kharisma Lalu
Published: December 2024

Sustainable development has three main pillars, namely social, economic and environmental. One form of policy that supports sustainable development is social forestry. This policy is a system of environmental management in the form of forests by involving the surrounding community who benefit from the forest for their livelihoods of environmental management in the form of forests by involving the surrounding community, which benefits from the forest for its livelihood. In the implementation of current development, often do not pay attention to the environmental pillars. So, it is necessary to study how the environmental conditions in the form of Carbon Reserves in the social forestry permit area in the Tangka Forest Management Unit located in Sinjai Regency. This study used remote sensing methods to observe the environment through land cover in 2009, 2017, and 2024. Land cover conditions in 2009 were the basis for observation based on the forest area of South Sulawesi Province. Land cover in 2017 was the initial condition of the Social Forestry permit. While 2024 was the latest land cover observation. Temporal land cover is the basis for determining the amount of carbon reserves. From 2009 to 2017, high and low-density forests dominated the social forestry permit area in Tangka Forest Management Unit. However, quite extensive dryland agriculture and increasing shrubs were also identified. Since the existence of social forestry permits until now, there has been an increase in forest cover and a decrease in the area of dryland agriculture and shrubs. This also increases carbon reserves by around 9,5 tons/ha within six years. The existence of social forestry provides legal certainty to the community so that the community maintains the existing forest in the form of utilization of environmental services (ecotourism). In addition, the community carries out land rehabilitation with an agroforestry pattern with the help of plants from the Forest Management Unit. However, in the field, several forest encroachment activities were also found due to a need for a better understanding of the area and several agricultural sector policies.
Biodiversity values of silvicultural interventions in privately managed selectively logged forests
Authors: Kiswanto  , Mardiany  , Jansi Budiawan Tekko , Farahdita Wanda Laras , Mustinah Endang , Gunawan Erwin , Marjenah
Published: December 2024

Selective logging is gaining popularity as a way to safeguard forests and resources. To sustain forest, trees with firm stem diameters must be harvested using permitted actions. This study focus to assess the biodiversity value of production forests that have felt common selection logging (TPTI) and reduced impact logging (RIL). Field measurements were taken on permanent sample plots (PSPs) in two forest management units to assess species composition, important value index (IVI), diversity, richness, and similarity. PT Karya Lestari has 277 individuals from 36 species of 22 families. However, PT Adimitra Lestari has 290 individuals from 16 species of 11 families. Both sites have similar plant groups, including ten species from nine families (37% similarity index). Syzygium polyanthum and Shorea leprosula are two species with high IVI, ranking in the top five in their respective categories. Both selective cutting approaches resulted in low diversity, evenness, and dominance indices. Common selective cutting strategy caused in a low richness index, but RIL practice created a high one. The study highlights the significance of silvicultural treatments for harvesting timber while preserving remaining stands, enhancing quality, and limiting forest loss.
Post-Occupancy Evaluation of the adaptive comfort of thermal insulation in the envelope of educational buildings in an Andean equatorial climate
Authors: Samaniego-Alvarado P , Bermeo-Silva M , Idrovo-Feijóo A , Espinoza-Pérez de Tudela J , Infante-Pinzón J
Published: December 2024

The following article presents the findings of an evaluation of adaptive comfort in an educational building located in Andean equatorial climates, with a focus on the thermal insulation of its envelope. The study examines a case study building: Showcase CEELA Ecuador, a retrofitted structure on the campus of Universidad del Azuay in Cuenca, Ecuador. The assessment covered three different types of thermal insulation finishes applied to six classrooms within the case study—three classrooms oriented east and three oriented west on the first, second, and third upper floors of the building—over a period of 16 weeks. The research employed a mixed-methods Post-Occupancy Evaluation to measure temperature, humidity, and CO2 levels in relation to thermal comfort and user perception. The results reveal that, in unoccupied conditions, classrooms with an insulated envelope and double-glazed windows exhibit a consistent temperature difference of 1.5 to 2°C compared to those with a traditional brick envelope and single-glazed windows. However, when occupied, this temperature difference becomes less stable and is closely linked to occupant activities. Instances of overheating can occur in thermally insulated classrooms, which can be mitigated by occupants operating the windows, as there is no mechanical ventilation system. Overall, the findings demonstrate that classrooms with thermal insulation provide a more stable thermal environment and enhanced adaptive comfort. This underscores the advantages of passive thermal strategies in improving indoor conditions, boosting energy efficiency, and increasing user comfort.