bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fundamental Dimensions of Real-Time Word Recognition in Challenging Listening Conditions Exhibit Within-Subject Stability and Link to Outcomes
Authors: Muegge John Baltazar , McMurray Bob
Published: October 2024

Listeners of all ages and hearing abilities must contend with the fact that speech is often heard in challenging conditions. Research has found that the process of spoken word recognition changes in these contexts, but what these changes represent and whether they have meaningful effects on outcomes was unknown. Here, we build on recent work by applying a PCA approach to eye-tracking data to show that these changes reflect a set of underlying dimensions that are shared across two types of challenging listening (noise and vocoding). Moreover, we show that individual listener’s use of each dimension is largely consistent across challenge types and is predicted by domain-general factors. Finally, we show that changes to word recognition offer indirect benefits to performance in challenging conditions, but only for some listeners. Together, this provides a thorough account of how word recognition operates in difficult contexts.
Organism-wide physiological systems
Authors: Hunter Peter J , de Bono Bernard , Nickerson David
Published: October 2024

Multiscale computational physiology attempts to link molecular pathways, incorporated into biophysically and anatomically based cell, tissue and organ models, to organism-wide physiological responses that are relevant in a medical context. Here we provide the background for this challenging task and discuss the development of model encoding standards and model repositories, and a mathematical modelling framework based on energy conservation principles. Functional Tissue Units (FTUs) are introduced as modular units at the tissue level to bridge the gap between molecular systems biology and anatomically based whole organ physiology.
Using mobile assessments to characterize mental and physical health behaviors in youth: the mSanté protocol for a pilot observational intensive longitudinal study
Authors: Drexl Konstantin , Urben Sébastien , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , Glaus Jennifer
Published: October 2024

Background: Lifestyle is a key determinant of physical and mental health. Reducing unhealthy behaviors, such as inadequate sleep, physical inactivity, and poor diet among children and adolescents may prevent serious long-term consequences on physical and mental health. However, empirical evidence on the temporal dynamic interrelationships of multiple behavioral health domains is scarce. Here, we describe the protocol of the mSanté pilot study, which examines the temporal relationships between sleep, physical activity, diet, and emotional states in school-aged youth using ambulatory assessments. Objective: The objective of the pilot study is to assess the feasibility of prolonged ambulatory assessment within school and clinical samples, and to lay the methodological groundwork for introducing developmental/idiographic models of health behaviors that inform about individual trajectories of risk and resilience.Methods: We aim to collect data from preadolescent and adolescent youth aged 9-17 years in diverse school and clinical settings. Beyond baseline information on demographic characteristics, health behaviors, social functioning, medical and psychological health, participants will engage in multiple waves of intensive longitudinal assessments on multiple timescales. These will include continuous actigraphy and Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) accompanied by repeated trait-level self-reports. Subsequent analyses will consist of: (1) fragmentation analysis to quantify subject-specific stability; (2) functional principal component analysis using the actigraphy dataset; (3) multilevel regression models to assess specific within-person processes; (4) generalized estimating equations and network modeling to explore the temporal dynamic associations of health behaviors with emotional states.Results: As of December 2024, we enrolled 13 preadolescent patients from an outpatient unit where recruitment and data collection are still ongoing, as well as 27 preadolescents, and 113 adolescents recruited from schools.Conclusions: This study delves into the developmental dynamics of mental and physical health in emerging adolescence through detailed, longitudinal momentary assessments, providing valuable insights into the interplay between health behaviors during late childhood and adolescence. Despite challenges such as sample bias, the research sets a significant foundation for future large-scale studies aimed at dissecting the complex developmental trajectories of risk and resilience.
Has the iron fist against criminal gangs really worked in El Salvador?
Authors: Paradela-López Miguel , Antón José-Ignacio
Published: October 2024

Violence due to organised crime takes a heavy social and economic toll on many Latin America and the Caribbean countries. In less than a decade, El Salvador, sadly known for the activities of criminal gangs, went from having one the highest homicide rates in the world to being the second safest country in the Americas after Canada. Using a regression discontinuity in time design, we find that the two flagship extraordinarily tough criminal policies of Nayib Bukele's government against criminal gangs diminished the homicide rate per 100,000 inhabitants by about 45 points between 2019 and 2024, accounting for almost 90% of the reduction over the period analysed.
Can Implementation Intentions Counteract Severe Ego-Depletion?
Authors: Eiroa-Solans Conrado , Petersen Karen
Published: October 2024

The ability to self-regulate effectively is crucial to personal, professional, and interpersonal success. Self-control has been found to become impaired with prolonged use, producing a state known as ego-depletion1. Countermeasures to depletion have been found, but there is debate as to whether they are effective against severe depletion or only mild depletion. Implementation intentions, a strategy that was previously shown to be effective against mild depletion2, was used here to attempt to neutralize severe depletion through a series of three depleting tasks. Then, participants’ ability to exert self-control was measured using a Stroop task. The number of errors was used as the main dependent variable, and a PANAS questionnaire was completed before and after the depletion procedure to measure affective depletion as a result of the tasks. A repeated measures t-test between the pre- and post- depletion PANAS questionnaire revealed a general drop in positive affect, pointing towards a successful affective depletion, but a one-way ANOVA between conditions in the measuring task revealed no significant differences. Overall, this study suggests that severe ego-depletion is an affective phenomenon that does not necessarily impact our cognitive ability to exert self-control.
Korean American Help-Seeking Behavior as Seen Through the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Ha Miri , Chin Eu Gene , Kim Christina Lee
Published: October 2024

While barriers to accessing professional psychological service have been identified among Korean communities in the United States, research surrounding the facilitating factors for accessing services is still largely nascent. This quantitative study utilized the Theory of Planned Behavior framework to examine factors that influence Korean Americans’ intent and decision to seek psychological services. Through a convenience sample of 130 Korean American adults between the ages of 18 and 60, this study examined the effect of their attitude toward seeking psychological services, the perceived norms regarding psychotherapy, and perceived behavioral control on the intentions to seek help. To account for the unique acculturative experience of Korean Americans, bicultural self-efficacy was also measured to examine its moderating effect on the relationship between attitude, perceived norms and perceived behavioral control and intentions to seek professional help. Attitudes toward seeking help, perceived norms, and general mental health symptoms were found to be significantly correlated with intentions to seek help. Furthermore, bicultural self-efficacy was found to have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between attitudes toward seeking help and intentions to seek help.
Road Layer Detection and Volume Calculation Using UAV Technologies and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Hammad , Tahir Saleem  , Muhammad Junaid Iqbal
Published: October 2024

Traditional methods for monitoring road construction often rely on manual measurements and visual inspections, which are time-consuming and prone to errors. This study introduces a novel approach that uses unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and the You Only Look Once (YOLO) model (YOLOv11-seg) to significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of road layer detection and volume calculation. By utilizing high-resolution images taken by the DJI Phantom 4 Pro drone, the model successfully identifies and segments crucial road layers, such as subgrade, asphalt, and aggregate base. The YOLOv11-seg model demonstrates remarkable classification accuracy, achieving 95% for both asphalt and aggregate base and 83% for subgrade. Additionally, the model reaches a maximum precision of 1.0 at the highest confidence level. Its F1 score is 0.92 at an optimal confidence threshold of 0.779, and it maintains a recall of 0.96 at lower confidence levels. For volumetric analysis, this study evaluates four software tools: Agisoft Metashape, CloudCompare, Civil 3D, and WebODM. It identifies WebODM as the most accurate, achieving volume accuracies of 99.85% for subgrade and asphalt and 99.9% for aggregate base. This application of drone imagery and object detection technology simplifies monitoring and significantly reduces labor and errors associated with traditional road construction monitoring methods.
Multi-Interaction: A New Open-access Approachfor Studying and Comparing Multimodal Interactions Across Primates
Authors: Montant Marie
Published: October 2024

Human language may have evolved as a tool of our complex interactional system. This hypothesis is supported by the results of studies showing that human and non-human primates share some interactional abilities. These comparative studies are sparse however, and their methodologies vary, most of them focusing on a single communication modality, which makes inter-specific comparisons difficult. We propose a new approach together with an open-access code (“Multi-interaction”) that aim at simplifying the study of multimodal interactions and can be applied for comparison purposes to many species, regardless of their communication repertoire. First, we choose to annotate all multimodal behaviors (i.e., communication signals and actions) that contribute to the informational content of the interaction and its overall structure. Second, the code we provide enables multimodal annotated interactions to be transcribed into unique sequences, using a method that preserves the following information: the units making up the interaction, their order of appearance, their emitter, their potential overlap (intra- and/or inter-individual) and their duration. Third, the code provides automatic computation of several quantitative measures that describe the overall structure of each interaction, such as overall duration, number of units, diversity of units, percentage of interindividual overlap, percentage of intra-individual superposition or each individual "presence" rate during the interaction. We aim to facilitate the processing of multimodal and multi-agent interaction data, enabling large datasets and species comparisons to be handled. By focusing on structure rather than meaning, we hope to promote human-decentered and species-general protocols in the study of interactions in primates, including humans.
Creación y validación de una escala que mide conductas hipócritas en una población de puertorriqueños
Authors: Cruz Miguel , Rodríguez-Gómez José
Published: October 2024

La hipocresía se define como el fingimiento de cualidades o sentimientos contrarios a los que se experimentan. Los componentes, según la literatura, para evaluar la conducta se encuentran: la intención de engañar, la debilidad de voluntad, el grado de discrepancia entre la actitud y el comportamiento, si la actitud se declara públicamente y la naturaleza y la gravedad de las consecuencias del comportamiento. El propósito es desarrollar la Escala de Hipocresía Cruz-López (EHCL), como instrumento que mida cuán hipócrita puede ser una persona. La muestra se compuso de 207 adultos puertorriqueños. El instrumento demostró adecuada consistencia interna. Se encontraron relaciones inversas entre la totalidad de la escala y orientación sexual (Rho = -0.219, p = 0.002) y creencia religiosa (Rho = -0.228, p < 0.001). Por otro lado, se halló una correlación positiva entre la escala total y el ingreso de los participantes (Rho = 0.148, p = 0.034).Palabras claves: psicometría, hipocresía, escala, psicología social, disonanciaHypocrisy is defined as the feigning of qualities or feelings contrary to those experienced. The components, according to the literature, for assessing behavior are: intent to deceive, weakness of will, degree of discrepancy between attitude and behavior, whether the attitude is publicly declared, and the nature and severity of the consequences of behavior. The purpose is to develop the Cruz-López Hypocrisy Scale (EHCL) as an instrument to measure how hypocritical a person can be. The sample consisted of 207 Puerto Rican adults. The instrument demonstrated adequate internal consistency. Inverse relationships were found between the totality of the scale and sexual orientation (Rho = -0.219, p = 0.002) and religious belief (Rho = -0.228, p < 0.001). On the other hand, a positive correlation was found between the total scale and the income of the participants (Rho = 0.148, p = 0.034).Keywords: psychometrics, hypocrisy, scale, social psychology, dissonance
When Deteriorators Report Improvement in Psychotherapy: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Ghelfi Eric , Top David Nicholas , Fox Sheilagh T. , Jones Melissa , Ogles Ben , Bailey Russell J. , Brown Brodrick , Erekson David M. , Bledsoe Angie , Dixon Robert S. , Parker Audrey , Thacker Ashlie
Published: October 2024

Objective. This study reviews the results of a qualitative analysis of psychotherapy clients who deteriorated on the Outcome Questionnaire-45 but reported subjective improvement, one version of a phenomenon called paradoxical outcomes. Method. We screened 106 deteriorators from a college counseling center, assessed their subjective sense of progress, and interviewed participants who believed they had improved. Results. In this sample, 58.5% believed they had gotten better, 31.1% believed they had neither worsened nor improved, and 9.4% believed they had gotten worse. Qualitative interviews with 13 participants who believed they had gotten better revealed clinically relevant findings. We review two domains: (1) the perceived outcomes of therapy and (2) the clients’ own explanations of the discrepancy. Participants reported increased insight and self-awareness, learning coping strategies, interpersonal improvements, symptom reduction, increased resilience, moralization and motivation, and improved self-concept. They explained the discrepancy between the OQ-45 and their subjective report by citing extratherapeutic factors, changes in how they interacted with the questionnaire, elements of progress not detected by the questionnaire (e.g., increased capacity for adversity), and hindsight bias. Conclusion. Our understandings of deterioration and psychotherapy outcomes may be limited. Exploring paradoxical outcomes offers a path to deepen both.
Are executive functions engaged in language switching? The role of language proficiency
Authors: García González Elisabet , Lahdenranta Sonja , Lehtonen Minna
Published: October 2024

We investigated whether executive functions (EFs) are engaged in bilingual language control in Finnish speakers with different degrees of Swedish language experience and proficiency, including early bilinguals, late high-proficiency bilinguals, and low-proficiency learners of Swedish. Language switching was measured with a cued naming (CN) paradigm, and a Simon task was used to assess EF performance. Following the skill-learning (task-specificity) hypothesis, we expected that language switching may be automatized and no longer rely on EFs in bilinguals with high language proficiency, but not for those with lower proficiency. Thus, we expected significant associations between the tasks in the lower proficiency participants only. Our results showed no CN switching-EF associations in the more experienced L2 speakers, but a significant association in lower-proficiency participants. This suggests that language switching engages EFs only in participants with lower proficiency in whom these processes are not yet automatized.
Consciousness : from molecular to social scales
Authors: Changeux Jean-Pierre , Dumas Guillaume
Published: October 2024

In this interview, Guillaume Dumas reaches out to Jean-Pierre Changeux to offer a wide-ranging view on consciousness, spanning over its fundamental molecular mechanisms up to its social dimension. They further discuss the exploration of altered states of consciousness and its relation to artistic practice. They finally tackle the opportunities of some of the prominent fields of future research such as artificial intelligence and highlight the importance of multidisciplinary research in advancing the study of consciousness.
Elongated tau for vocal articulation in children with ADHD
Authors: Yan Xu , Galloway-Long Hilary , Weigard Alexander , All Katherine , Roule Alexandra , Tyler Warner , Hlutkowsky Christina , Huang-Pollock Cynthia
Published: October 2024

Slower and more variable reaction time (RT) is one of the most prominent cognitive signatures in childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, standard use of tasks that involve motor responses to index “speed” potentially confounds fine-motor coordination with central cognitive processing speed. One promising alternative is a vocal articulation task, which provides a measure of speeded performance that is independent of fine-motor coordination. The current study applies an ex-Gaussian decomposition to preparatory interval (the time to initiate a vocal response) and speech rate on a speeded articulation task among children with and without ADHD. Although differences in mean vocal response time were not found, there was substantial evidence that the tail of the distribution, as indexed by the tau parameter (which is linked to the rate of information accumulation), was larger in children with ADHD. Variance in tau was also greater among children with ADHD, and the greater variance was not fully explained by individual differences in working memory capacity. Results highlight the importance of adopting analytic methods that can more accurately describe performance.
Beyond global estimates of sample-specific reliability: A quantile sensitive approach.
Authors: Shero Jeffrey , Logan Jessica A. R.
Published: October 2024

Reliable measures are necessary for successful research studies, with unreliable measures significantly reducing the internal validity of studies when they are used. To combat this, measures are often developed using complex techniques, and ensuring they are reliable is of paramount importance. Despite this, reliability, is always estimated at the mean and assumed to be consistent across the distribution, but heterogeneity in this reliability may exist based on the portion of the distribution analyzed, with reliability differing when the measure is given to low, average, or high achievers. To address this, the present study focuses on the development of a novel method for estimating quantile-sensitive heterogeneity in reliability. This method was then applied to a set of measures from a publicly available dataset and was applied to both item-level and sum-score data, highlighting the flexibility of the approach. Results of the study found that the newly developed approach was effective in detecting the presence of heterogeneous reliability, finding statistically significant differences between the reliability at the lowest versus the highest quantiles within one of the measures tested.
Greater disease detection, less AI rejection: Large-scale evaluation of the influence of AI-use on radiologist performance using signal detection theory
Authors: Tikhomirov Lana , Smith Luke , Oakden-Rayner Lauren , Bird Alix , Palmer Lyle , Semmler Carolyn
Published: October 2024

Research on the diagnostic performance of radiologists using AI decision support system often relies on basic AUC comparison of AI use and non-AI use to draw conclusions about clinical decision-making, with known limitations. We re-evaluated a real-world dataset of radiologist use of AI across 127 pathologies and 1,163 cases to compare diagnoses in the face of four types of AI response: true positive, false positive, true negative, and false negative. To corroborate our results with insights from cognitive psychology we use Signal Detection Theory, a model of decision-making, to better understand the impact of AI on clinical decisions. Finally, we simulate our results in the context of a wider healthcare clinic to envision these changes on a grander scale. Our results revealed important insights; with increased disease detection (higher sensitivity) at the cost of more false positives (lower specificity) and increased homogeneity of decision making amongst clinicians whose diagnoses are typically highly varied. Although usually considered a positive property, we warn that homogenisation may have negative implications at a system level by homogenising incorrect diagnoses. Further, we find highly confident radiologist decisions benefit the least from AI assistance. We conclude that the effects of introducing AI in clinical practice are outside of the scale of more common changes to practice, i.e. staffing, and that introducing AI to clinics may introduce higher disease detection but also unexpected consequences.
Investigation of the Effects Of ACE Gene Polymorphism on Athletic Performance in Active Adult Males
Authors: Coşkun Özge , Yıldırım Tuncer Selin , Anılır Murat , Cerit Mesut
Published: October 2024

Studying genes associated with exercise-related physiological systems and metabolic pathways has proven to be an effective method for identifying genetic markers associated with enhanced athletic performance. One of the extensively studied genes in genetics is "Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)" which has a significant role in regulating blood pressure, plasma volume, and the development of cardiac and skeletal muscle. The objective of this study was to determine the different results and genetic variations in the effects of ACE gene polymorphisms on the performance of the 30m sprint test and the arrowhead agility drill test in active adult males after a 6-week training program. Following the manufacturer's instructions, genomic DNA was extracted from participant mouth swab samples using the Buccalyse DNA Extraction Kit from Isohelix. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 25 application was used to perform statistical analysis on the research data. The findings indicate that 45.7% of the participants possess the I/D genotype, 31.4% possess the I/I genotype, and 22.9% possess the D/D genotype. There was no notable disparity in the performance of the arrowhead agility test and the 30 m sprint test among the different genotype groups (p<0.05). Our analysis revealed a lack of association between genetic variants and the values obtained from performance measurements in the test outcomes. Due to the involvement of various genes and variables, further research is needed to improve the predictability of approaches to ACE gene variations, considering their performance-enhancing benefits.
Exploring the variation association between four head traits
Authors: Corbo Tarik , Pojskic Naris , Kalajdzic Abdurahim , Hadziselimovic Rifat
Published: October 2024

This research work presents a comprehensive overview of four traits related to the head, with the aim of assessing the statistical phenotypic association among them. The traits examined in this study encompass earlobe type, tongue rugosity, cleft chin and tongue rolling. The primary objective was to investigate the potential associations between these traits and understand their interrelationships. The study focused on examining specific traits in a diverse group of 7431 unrelated individuals, where the genders were almost evenly distributed. To facilitate a comprehensive analysis, three distinct groups were created for each characteristic, comprising the total population, as well as male and female subsets. The selection of subjects was carefully done to ensure a fair representation across different geographical regions within Bosnia and Herzegovina, thereby accurately reflecting the nation's national and ethnic diversity. The association among these traits was assessed for statistical significance using the Chi-squared test, with Fisher's exact test used as a supplementary method to examine the connection between each pair of observed traits. Additionally, the Chi-squared test was applied to examine gender-based differences in the frequencies of the phenotypic characteristics of the head. Following traits were shown to have a statistically significant association: tongue rugosity - tongue rolling, tongue rugosity – earlobe type, cleft chin – earlobe type, cleft chin – tongue rolling and earlobe type – tongue rolling. Investigation into the variations in the frequencies of observed phenotypic traits of the head, with respect to gender, revealed statistically significant results for every trait examined.
The state and structure of beech primaeval forests in the “Zacharovanyi Krai” National Nature Park
Authors: Shyshkanynets Ivan , Zadorozhnyy Andriy , Potish Ludvig , Mihaly Andrii
Published: October 2024

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to preserve natural values, which are considered the heritage of all mankind, namely the primaeval forests and old-growth beech forests of the UNESCO World Natural Heritage. The aim of the research was to study the state and structure of the beech primaeval forest in the national nature park “Zacharovanyi Krai”. For the study, a permanent sample plot of 1 ha (100×100 m) was laid down in the prevailing forest type – moist pure beech forest. This plot is located in the optimal forest-growing conditions for European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) within the Vyhorlat-Hutyn volcanic ridge of the Ukrainian Carpathians. It was found that the beech forest stand on the plot is pure in composition and complex in form, characterised by different development phases (age groups by diameter): the first layer stand belongs to the mature age group (senile), the second layer – to the middle-aged group, and the third – to the pole (virginal). It was determined that 95% of the primaeval forest stock is the stock of the first layer, while the share of commercial trees of the first layer is 89% (66% of the total volume of stem wood of trees on the permanent sample plot). The main types of damage in the site are caused by abiotic factors. As a result of such damage, 43 m3‧ha-1 of deadwood was recorded, characterised by all 5 stages of decomposition. Under the canopy of the stand, 10,375 pcs‧ha-1 of undergrowth was recorded, of which the share of beech is 88%. Beech undergrowth is weakly differentiated by age groups: it was recorded only in the group of 7-year-olds and older and well-differentiated by height groups. By age group, undergrowth belongs to the juvenile-immature age state. The herbaceous cover is typical for nemoral forests. The presence of stationary research plots in the National Nature Park “Zakharovanyy Kray” makes it possible to constantly monitor the trends of natural development of the ecosystem – the beech primaeval forest
Growth stimulant influence on biometric indicators of oak seedlings in the Bukovyna Sub-Carpathian region
Authors: Andrusiak Yuriy , Sendonin Sergiy , Puzrina Nataliia , Boyko Oleksii , Boyko Hanna
Published: October 2024

The use of growth stimulants for the cultivation of oak seedlings in the Bukovyna Sub-Carpathian region allows to accelerate their development and increase their sustainability in an environment where there is no natural forest regeneration. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of growth stimulants at different multiplicity of treatments during the growing season on the biometric parameters of Quercus robur L. Seedlings were grown in Ecotherm containers in the glasshouse of the base nursery. The composition of the substrate for filling the containers is a mix of peat, sand and black soil in equal proportions with mycorrhiza from under the forest canopy of oak stands. The results of the effect of growth stimulants on the biometric parameters of one-year-old seedlings of common oak with a closed root system are presented. Plant growth stimulants were used for spraying and irrigation seedlings during their cultivation. The results of the research indicate a positive effect of the use of growth stimulants on the seedlings of common oak. All experimental variants showed a positive effect on the biometric parameters of one-year-old oak seedlings at three, six and nine times of feeding with growth stimulants during the growing season. The difference in the variants with the use of plant growth stimulants compared to the control in height is up to 27%, in the length of the root system – up to 43%, and in the total length – up to 29%, accordingly, depending on the dose of the stimulants and the frequency of treatment during the growing season. Refined data on the biometric parameters of one-year-old seedlings of common oak with a closed root system grown in closed ground conditions were obtained. The data obtained are useful for forest restoration in regions with damaged or degraded ecosystems where natural regeneration is limited
Supervivencia según factores de riesgo cuantitativo-cualitativo en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas
Authors: Cortez Gutiérrez Hernán Oscar , Cortez Gutierrez Milton Milciades , Medina Mandujano Juana Gladys , Miraval Contreras Rosario
Published: October 2024

Introducción: El objetivo general es determinar la influencia de los factores de riesgo cuantitativo y cualitativo en la supervivencia de pacientes con enfermedades crónicas. Metodología: La muestra incluyó 90 pacientes con enfermedades crónicas, con una edad promedio de 55 años. El estudio es correlacional, transversal y prospectivo. Los datos fueron recolectados en el Hospital Universitario de Callao. Se utilizaron cuestionarios para evaluar los factores de riesgo, así como escalas específicas para medir la supervivencia y el impacto de estos factores. La confiabilidad de los instrumentos fue del 0,85. Resultados: El 40% de los pacientes mostró una alta correlación entre factores de riesgo cuantitativos, como hipertensión y diabetes, y una disminución en la tasa de supervivencia. Los factores cualitativos, como el estrés y el soporte social, también tuvieron un impacto significativo, con un 35% de los pacientes reportando una supervivencia reducida asociada a estrés crónico. Conclusiones: Se encontró una relación significativa entre los factores de riesgo cuantitativo y cualitativo y la supervivencia de pacientes con enfermedades crónicas. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de estrategias integrales de manejo que aborden tanto los aspectos cuantitativos como cualitativos para mejorar la supervivencia.
La inteligencia artificial en el entorno mediático, un estudio de los encuadres periodísticos
Authors: Yucra-Mamani Yudi Janeh , Aragón-Cruz Walker Ernesto , Torres-Cruz Fred
Published: October 2024

Introducción: El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los encuadres periodísticos relacionados con la inteligencia artificial en la prensa digital, categorizando dichos encuadres en generales y específicos para identificar tendencias en la cobertura mediática. Metodología: Esta investigación descriptiva y transversal adopta un enfoque deductivo, dado que las dimensiones de análisis están teóricamente establecidas: encuadres genéricos (a favor, en contra, neutro) y encuadres específicos (preocupación, beneficios, responsabilidad/regulación, impacto sociocultural, prospectiva y otros). Se utiliza la técnica del análisis de contenido. La muestra se compone de 302 textos periodísticos digitales publicados por medios de comunicación internacionales, nacionales y locales, durante el primer semestre del año 2023. Resultados: Se evidencia que, en cuanto a los encuadres genéricos, prevalecen los frames a favor, con un 53% de los artículos que enmarcan a la IA de manera positiva. En lo que respecta a los encuadres específicos, se observa un predominio del encuadre de beneficios, seguido del encuadre de preocupación, con 35% y 26% respectivamente. Discusión: La preeminencia de los encuadres positivos refleja una tendencia optimista en la cobertura mediática de la IA, aunque la narrativa principal es favorable, existe un reconocimiento de encuadres de preocupación y la necesidad de abordar los riesgos asociados. Conclusiones: Si bien los textos predominantes en los medios son favorables hacia la IA, la atención a los riesgos subraya la importancia de un enfoque equilibrado y crítico en el entorno mediático.
Percepción de la inteligencia artificial por estudiantes universitarios como acompañante en el proceso de aprendizaje
Authors: Mena de la Rosa Rafael , Cruz-Romero Rubicel , Silva-Payró Martha Patricia
Published: October 2024

Introducción:  El área de las Tecnologías de la Información identificada como Inteligencia Artificial (IA), ha tomado un rol importante, pues presenta la posibilidad de que los estudiantes sean asistidos por entes informáticos que tienen la capacidad de tomar decisiones de acuerdo con la información con que fueron alimentados.  Metodologia: Se realizó este estudio con enfoque mixto y descriptivo, no experimental y transversal en una escuela de Tecnologías de la Información (TI), de una universidad pública del estado de Tabasco en México, con un universo muestral de 151, a través de seis ítems, considerando dentro de la muestra estudiantes de licenciatura y posgrado; con el objetivo de conocer cómo perciben la intervención de la IA en el aprendizaje. Resultados: Se encontraron diversas consideraciones que indican el alto nivel de interés de utilizar como apoyo del aprendizaje las herramientas de IA; también se halló interés en la privacidad, el plagio, errores en los contenidos, entre otros aspectos. Discusión: El estudio es una exploración localizada y con resultados particulares, que pueden ampliarse a través de nuevas investigaciones. Conclusiones: Existe un camino por recorrer por los desarrolladores de IA y las empresas que ofrecen las herramientas, para atender las preocupaciones de los estudiantes.
Educación híbrida y sus efectos en el aprendizaje de la matemática en el nivel superior
Authors: Quivio Cuno Richard , Caballero Cifuentes Lolo José , Gutiérrez Guadalupe Sandra Yaquelin , Collahua Rupaylla Vivian , Alegre Huerta Jesús Américo , Jaime Andia Mario , Huaman Hurtado Juan Carlos
Published: October 2024

Introducción: La educación híbrida va ganando prominencia hoy en el aprendizaje en el nivel universitario. Los objetivos del estudio fueron verificar los efectos de la educación híbrida, en matemáticas, y probar que fomenta la resolución de problemas con resultados relevantes. Se realizó en la Universidad Nacional de Educación con la perspectiva de lograr en los estudiantes aprendizaje significativo, fusionando el aprendizaje presencial con el aprendizaje en línea. Metodología: la metodología utilizada presenta carácter experimental, un estudio de campo con una muestra de 60 casos, con 2 pruebas de conocimiento de 20 ítems, con escala dicotómica para contrastar el antes y el después del empleo del aula híbrida y su efecto en el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en el nivel universitario. Resultados: Se comprobó los efectos de la educación híbrida en el aprendizaje de la matemática en estudiantes universitarios, traduciendo cantidades, comprensión sobre las operaciones, estrategias de cálculo, argumentación sobre las relaciones numéricas y las operaciones. Conclusiones: Las conclusiones concuerdan con las hipótesis planteadas, la educación híbrida permite a los estudiantes aprovechar las herramientas tecnológicas en clases presenciales y virtuales complementando lo aprendido, y mejorando su aprendizaje en matemáticas.
Endoscope-assisted treatment for delayed cystic radiation necrosis after stereotactic radiosurgery for metastatic brain tumors: illustrative cases
Authors: Shoda Kenji , Nishiwaki Takayuki , Yamada Tetsuya , Nakayama Noriyuki , Ohe Naoyuki
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Cystic formation due to radiation necrosis in metastatic brain tumors is a rare condition. Surgical intervention is necessary if symptoms develop. Additionally, excising radiation necrosis lesions within the cyst is essential to prevent recurrence. Neuroendoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive method suitable for treating cystic diseases and accessing deep lesions in the brain. The authors herein present a method for removing radiation necrotic tissue from deep lesions of cystic radiation necrosis using neuroendoscopy.

OBSERVATIONS

Endoscopic surgery was performed in two patients with symptomatic cystic radiation necrosis. Both cases involved multilocular cysts, with radiation necrosis located deep within the cyst. The authors performed a small craniotomy of approximately 3 cm and opened the cyst. After removing its contents, an endoscope was used to closely observe the interior of the cyst. Removal of the septum within the cyst allowed the endoscope to be inserted deeply. The authors identified and excised the nodular lesion diagnosed as radiation necrosis in the deep tissue. Following the surgery, the cyst shrank rapidly, and symptoms disappeared. Both patients showed no recurrence of the lesions.

LESSONS

The authors performed minimally invasive surgery and achieved good outcomes. Endoscopic surgery was considered beneficial for treating cystic radiation necrosis.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24250
Hemorrhagic intramedullary spinal cord metastasis from renal cell carcinoma: a rare case 15 years after cured renal cell carcinoma. Illustrative case
Authors: Khalil Al-Barbarawi Mohammad , Badary Amr , Silbermann Jörg , Atallah Oday , Kinan Sultan Mohamad , Osman Adel , Albardan Abdulaziz , Maksoud Salah , Moustafa Wahab
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most common kidney cancer, often metastasizes to bones, lungs, liver, and the central nervous system. Intramedullary spinal metastasis from RCC is rare but can cause significant neurological deficits, necessitating prompt diagnosis and treatment through surgical intervention, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy.

OBSERVATIONS

An 86-year-old man presented with progressive right lower-limb weakness and reduced sensation over 3 weeks. His medical history included a right nephrectomy for RCC 15 years earlier and L4–S1 spondylosis. Imaging identified a bleeding lesion in the conus medullaris at T11–12 and an incidental left kidney mass. Urgent surgical exploration led to a T12 laminectomy and en bloc removal of the lesion, which was confirmed as RCC metastasis. Postoperatively, the patient received focused radiotherapy and immunotherapy, showing significant motor and sensory improvement before dying 3 months later.

LESSONS

This case underscores the importance of comprehensive diagnostic imaging for the accurate identification and characterization of spinal lesions. An interdisciplinary approach involving neurosurgeons, oncologists, radiologists, and pathologists is crucial for optimal treatment planning. Urgent surgical intervention can effectively address acute neurological deficits caused by intramedullary lesions. Additionally, adhering to postoperative care instructions, such as deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis, is vital to prevent fatal complications.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24349
Networks under deep uncertainty concerning food security
Authors: Aleskerov F.T. , Dutta S.D. , Egorov D.S. , Tkachev D.S.
Published: October 2024

We propose new models to find the vulnerable countries in terms of food security. These models are based on network analysis under deep uncertainty. The conditions of deep uncertainty affect the supply and demand of food, namely, carbohydrates of the countries. Under such conditions networks of the carbohydrate supply between countries are constructed. The countries vulnerability in terms of food security were studied by new centrality indices taking into account carbohydrate consumptions of countries and the possibility of group influence of countries to a country. Also, our models show direct and indirect dependence on import of carbohydrates from other countries. The scenario of one of such situations was constructed, and our models for studying this situation were tested. The vulnerable countries are identified in terms of carbohydrate consumption from main crops in different scenarios based on real data using our new models. The developed models can make the food policy of countries more efficient.

Мы предлагаем новые модели поиска уязвимых стран с точки зрения продовольственной безопасности. Данные модели основаны на сетевом анализе в условиях глубокой неопределенности. Условия глубокой неопределенности серьезно влияют на спрос и предложение продовольствия, в том числе углеводов, в различных странах. В таких условиях нами построены сети поставок углеводов между странами. Уязвимость стран с точки зрения продовольственной безопасности определена с помощью новых индексов центральности, учитывающих потребление углеводов и возможность группового влияния экспортеров на рассматриваемую страну. Помимо этого, наши модели определяют прямую и косвенную зависимость конкретной страны от импорта углеводов из других стран. Нами построен сценарий одной из подобных ситуаций и применены наши модели для её исследования. Уязвимые страны определялись нами через потребление углеводов из основных зерновых культур в различных сценариях на основе реальных данных с использованием наших новых моделей. Разработанные модели способны сделать продовольственную политику стран более эффективной.
Деинституционализация сиротства и становление сферы услуг замещающим семьям
Authors: Макаренцева А.О. , Коржук С.В.
Published: October 2024

Настоящая работа продолжает серию исследований, посвященных мониторингу реформы деинституционализации сиротства в России. В качестве информационной базы исследования используются опубликованные данные Росстата, сведения из форм федерального статистического наблюдения, Федерального банка данных о детях-сиротах, а также материалы глубинных интервью с замещающими родителями и экспертами в сфере устройства детей без попечения. В статье выделяются содержатель- ные уровни реформы и новейшие направления ее развития, а также показан ход реализации реформы через количественные показатели динамики процессов в сфере устройства детей без попечения. Авторы приходят к выводам, что публикуемая статистика сирот- ства плохо отражает задачи реформы и ее достижения, а замедление снижения институционального контингента детей без попечения требует разработки новых мер. С опорой на материалы глубинных интервью исследуется становление сферы услуг замещающим семьям. Однако сейчас усилия государства в роли прямого поставщика услуг конкурируют с сектором некоммерческих организаций, вместо того чтобы дополнять и усиливать работу друг друга.

This work continues a series of studies devoted to monitoring the deinstitutionalization reform of orphanhood in Russia. The research information base includes data from Rosstat, statistical forms, the Federal Data Bank on children without parental care, as well as in-depth interviews with foster parents and experts in the field of placing children without parental care. We begin by highlighting the substantive levels of the reform and the latest directions of its development, and also show the progress of its implementation through quantitative indicators of the dynamics in the field of placing children without parental care. We conclude that published statistics on orphanhood poorly reflect the objectives of the reform and its achievements. Slowing down the decline in the institutional population of children without parental care requires new measures. In the article, based on in-depth interviews, we explore the formation of the service sector for foster families. In this area, the state is intensifying its efforts as a direct provider of services. But so far, there is competition between the public and non-profit sectors where there should be complementation and mixed production of goods.
Cashless payments beyond access: What influences the intensity of use?
Authors: Semerikova E.N.
Published: October 2024

Reaching the finite level of access to financial services governments and financial institutions start redefining their goals towards further improvements in the consumers’ well-being and the state’s economy due to financial services. Cashless payments is one of the most prominent financial services that increases the benefits for all economy participants. Cashless instruments have recently become even more relevant due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this research is to determine which factors affect the share of cashless payments in consumer spending. The analysis uses a representative sample of 1600 Russian consumers collected in 2021. The results show that those who perceive cashless payment as more beneficial, are from the highest spending group, and have a card with a loyalty program are more likely to have a share of cashless payments in spending of more than 50%. The positive effect of the pandemic after controlling for benefits disappeared. From a practical point of view, the results of this work emphasize a benefit-based approach to stimulate the use of payment instruments, which can be used both within the product strategies of financial service providers and by the regulator in the development of measures to stimulate financial inclusion beyond access.

Достигая 100% уровня доступа к финансовым услугам, государствeнные и финансовые институты начинают пересматривать свои цели для улучшения благосостояния потребителей и экономики за счет финансовых услуг. Безналичные платежи — одна из наиболее значимых финансовых услуг, увеличивающая выгоды всех участников экономики. В связи с пандемией COVID-19 использование безналичных инструментов стало еще более актуальным. Цель данного исследования — определить, какие факторы влияют на долю безналичных платежей в тратах потребителей. В анализе используется репрезентативная выборка в 1600 россиян, собранная в ходе опроса, проведенного в 2021 г. Результаты показывают, что те, кто воспринимает выгоды от безналичных инструментов, участвуют в программах лояльности провайдеров финансовых услуг и тратят более 25 тыс. руб. в месяц, с большей вероятностью будут иметь долю безналичных платежей выше 50%. Результаты данной работы подчеркивают важность оценки выгод и необходимость стимулировать использование платежных инструментов, что может быть учтено как в рамках продуктовых стратегий поставщиков финансовых услуг, так и государственных институтов для разработки мер стимулирования вовлеченности в финансовые услуги.