bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Management of Common Behavioral Problems of School Children among Primary School Teachers
Authors: Sreejamol.M.G  , Anju Jose  , Saranya Unnikrishnan
Published: April 2021

Infancy and childhood are of supreme importance in determining the future behavior. Behavioral problemsalways require individual attention. Teachers spend most of the school hours with children so that they candetect the signs and symptoms of these problems at the earliest.The Title of the Study: Effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding managementof common behavioral problems of school children among primary school teachers in selected school inErnakulumObjectives;1.Assess the knowledge of primary school teachers regarding the management of commonbehavioral problems of school children.2. Evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching program onknowledge of primary school teachers regarding the management of behavioral problems of schoolchildren.3.Associate the socio demographic variables with the pretest & post test knowledge scoresMethodology: The research approach used in the present study was quantitative and research design wasone group pre test post test design. The study was conducted among 30 teachers with the eligibility criteriafollowing purposive sampling technique. The tools used for the study were structured questionnaire.Results : The mean post- test knowledge score (16.18) is significantly (p = 0.001) higher than the mean pretest score(13.7).This shows that structured teaching programme was effective in improving the knowledgeof teachers regarding behavioral problems. There is no association between pretest & post test knowledgescores with demographic variables.Conclusion: The study finding point out the responsibilities of a health professional to enlighten and educatethe teachers regarding management of behavioral problems of school children
Hypertension Response after Stenting adult with Coarctaion of Aorta One Year Follow Up
Authors: Ali Yahya Abdullah Alsallami  , Ahmed Abdulzahra Jeyad  , Basim Abd Ali Saeed  , Hassan Ali Essa Al Mamuri
Published: April 2021

Coarctaion of aorta occur in 6 % of patient with congenital heart disease, balloon dilation ,stenting andsurgery have been proved as modality of treatment coarctaion of aorta.Usually untreated coarctation of aortamay lead to renal, vascular and cardiac complication that start to appear at binging of fourth decade of life.Toknew hypertension response after stenting adult with coarctation of aorta. 75 patients with coarctaion of aorta30 male (40%) and 45 female (60 %) was involve in this prospective longitudinal study, there age range from16 to 41 year, for all echocardiography, CT chest done to confirm diagnosis then all undergo catheterizationof aorta with 2 sheath one femoral and other radial to measure pressure gradient across stenosis and stentlocalization follow by stenting with pre and post dilation if needed then measure pressure gradient acrossstent. All patients stent by uncover stent including for 2 case with interrupted coarctaion, immediately afterstent pressure gradient fall almost all our patient then follow up 6 month, 1 year by angiography assessmentwith CT chest show no stent fracture or aneurysm in aorta at stent site. The study conclude uncovered stentappear to be safe in treating coarctaion of aorta with less morbidity and mortality. stent adult with coarctaionof aorta have advantage of lowering blood pressure in those suffer from hypertension.
The Effect of Enhanced External Counter Pulsation on Improving Quality of Life in Patient with 3 Vessels Disease Treated Medically Versus Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, 1 Year Follow Up
Authors: Ali Yahya Abdullah  , Basim Abd Ali Saeed  , Hassan Ali Essa Al mamuri  , Ahmed Abdulzahra Jeyad Almurshidy
Published: April 2021

Background : Refractory angina usually refers to as (equal or more than 3 months in duration) stableischemic heart disease which cannot be regulated by a therapeutic treatment, surgical cardiac intervention,and where reversible cardiac ischemia has been stated to be the reason for the manifestation clinically.Aim:The efficacy of use enhanced external counter pulsation in treating refractory angina pectoris in those do PCIvs. medical alone and short-term outcome. PMethodology: 91 patients with refractory angina pectoris unrespond to treatment and/or intervention or unfit for intervention or surgery have been enrolled in this study,for all ECG, echocardiography study done to assess LV and valvular function, Doppler study for lower limbartery to assess if there is peripheral vascular disease, abdominal ultrasound done to exclude the presenceof aortic abdominal aneurysm, then if patient eligible for EECP inclusion criteria refer for EECP unit .Afterend of all session all patients assess improvement according to change in Canadian cardiovascular societygrading CCS pre and post EECP and on follow up 6 month and 1 year. Result: Over 12 month’s period of thestudy, 91 persons were assessed including 32(35%) women and 59 (65%) men. The age range was 45 yearsto 80 years with the mean age range 61 years (SD ± 8.2). Most patients treated with 30 session with 1 hourper session on average of 26 (SD ± 7) session with response rate at end of sessions 88.7% where responsemean improvement of symptom and according to (CCS) change per and post EECP.Conclusion: No befit from doing single vessel intervention in patient with 3 vessels disease in improvingresponse to EECP or improving echocardiographic parameter. EECP appear as safe effective therapy inselective patient with refractory angina not respond to medical and unfit for intervention or surgery. Responseto EECP in well selected patient persist for 1 year.
Reducing of Hydrogen Peroxide Effects by Pomegranate Peel Extract in Vivo, in Female Wistar Rats
Authors: Dhuha Salah Noori  , Agharid. A.Al-Rasheed  , Muna Salah Rasheed  , Bashiru Garba
Published: April 2021

In this study, the effect of pomegranate peel aqueous extract (PPEA) in reducing toxicities associated withhydrogen peroxide consumption was investigated using rats. This was achieved by assessing the serumbiochemical parameters as well as histopathological analysis of the liver and stomach sections. Forty,6-week-old female Wistar albino rats weighing 11.6± 4.4 g were divided equally into six groups. The ratswere administered the pomegranate extract and challenged with H2O2 via the oral route for 28 days. Toachieve this, positive control rats ingested H2O2 at 5 mg/ 100g body weight (b.w), while the negative controlgroups were given saline solution. Rats in the other three experimental groups were given H2O2 and treatedwith PPEA at 20, 40 mg and Vitamin at 25mg per 100g body weight respectively.H2O2 at 5 mg/100 g b.winduced injury to the liver and stomach tissues, while increasing levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), theAspartate Transaminase (AST) besides Alanine Transaminase (ALT) and, reduced of Glutathione GSH)were observed in comparison with the control groups. Treatment with PPEA demonstrated protective effectsby reducing the MDA, ALT and AST values and increase of GSH level as well as, improving the liver andstomach tissues to recover. Our results indicate that the administration of treatments against H2O2 usingPPEA decrease the harmful effect orally administered H2O2 at 5 mg/100g b.w.
Toxicity of Cadmium Chloride on White Rats Liver and the Protective Role of Brassica Nigra Seed Extract
Authors: Nahla Kamal Asaad  , Qasim Azeez Razooqi  , Mohammed Ahmed Mustafa
Published: April 2021

The study designed for the toxic role of cadmium chloride on the liver of mice from both a physiologicaland histological aspects. The animals were treated with a dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight for 30 days. Andthe protective role of Brassica nigra seed extract against cadmium chloride toxicity. This pilot study wasconducted on 20 adult white rats divided into 4 equivalent groups including the control group: Animals inthis group received a dosed of distilled water for 30 days. The placebo group was treated with cadmiumchloride at a dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight for 30 days and returned as an infected control group. Whilein the third group, animals treated with cadmium chloride were dosed with Brassica nigra seed extractat a dose of 200 mg/kg of body weight for 30 days. The fourth group was dosed with Brassica nigraseed extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg of body weight for 30 days. After 30 days, liver enzymes includingaminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measuredby spectrophotometric method. In addition to making tissue sections of the liver. The treatment of ratsled to a significant increase (P?0.05) in liver enzymes compared with the control group. It also led tohistopathology in the liver tissue, while the Brassica nigra seed extract acted as a protective role against thetoxicity of cadmium chloride.
Molecular Investigation of Quinolone Resistant Genes among Clinical Psedomonas aeruginosa Isolates
Authors: Zena T. wtwt  , Eman M. Jarallah
Published: April 2021

The current research was performed in Al-imam AL- Sadiq Hospital, Hilla Teaching Hospital, Babyloncity, Iraq to investigate the resistance gene of fluoroquinolones (FQs) in P. aeruginosa clinical isolatesof taken from different origins. Mutations arising at the bacterial gyrA, gyrB, parC, par E gene belong toDNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV are the fluoroquinolone tolerance essential mechanism in P. aeruginosa..and over expression of efflux pumps . (80) clinical isolates collected by Transport swabs from varioussource [(burn 45(56.25 %), wound 15 (18.75 %), ear 3 (3.75 %), blood 2 (2.5 %), urine 4(5 %),sputum11(13.75)] that initially identified by culturing on MacConkey agar, blood agar and cetrimide agar selectivemedia for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. aeruginosa chromogenic agar then diagnosed by performing somemorphological and biochemical tests. The second diagnosis to (10) isolates was done by VITEK 2 Compactsystem using VITEK 2GN,and by using PCR technique for genotyping detection by the 16s rRNA gene.A susceptibility test was applied to all (80) isolates using 9 antibiotics through resorting to Kirby-Pourmethod. The results of this test showed that isolates which represented the highest resistance to ciprofloxacin(71%),levofloxacin(75%) , aztreonam(87.5%), but isolates showed low resistance to impenem 18.75% and0%resistant to meropenem. (gyrA, gyrB) subunit of DNA gyrase is target of flouroquinolon antibiotic hasbeen screened by PCR reaction. The results showed that these genes present in P. aeruginosa at (100 percent,100 percent,), respectively..
Clinical Diagnostics in Patients with Cerebral Infarction Due To Covid-19
Authors: Jumraini Tammasse  , Muhammad Iqbal Basri  , Muhammad Akbar
Published: April 2021

The Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) outbreak is a deadly disease of concern to the world, includingIndonesia. Reported cases of death show a high number with more than 3800 deaths reported. This diseasecan induce Cytokine Storm Syndrome (CSS) and interfere with the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), causingcoagulopathy and hypoxia, which in turn lead to cerebral edema in the brain. This research uses a casestudy approach, with a detailed examination of one event. In this case, cerebral infarction was caused byCOVID-19 as evidenced by laboratory results in the presence of symptoms of inflammation, CSF, sepsis,and coagulopathy. These symptoms can result in cerebral infarction and hypercoagulability. therapeuticinterventions are carried out in reducing inflammation, reducing cerebral edema, and preventing secondaryinfection. COVID-19 in this case can have a deleterious effect on patients with cerebral infarction. Propertreatment is needed to give better results.
Community Empowerment Policy Toward Graha Mina Tourism Model in Natural Resource Management at Kepulauan Seribu
Authors: Lilik Sulistyowati
Published: April 2021

This study aims to analyze community empowerment policy through Graha Mina tourism in naturalresource management at the Kepulauan Seribu group. This study was conducted at Pulau Kelapa and PulauHarapan, Kepulauan Seribu, by using a study case method with a qualitative approach. The result shows:(1). The policy of community empowerment has been conducted as follows: Intensification program offish breeding, community empowerment with captured fishery based, seaweed farming fishery based, cagecultivation fisheries based, tourism and protection based, counseling and training based, and strengtheningcommunity institution based; (2) fisheries based of cage cultivation become a priority program that need tobe applied at Pulau Kelapa and Pulau Harapan. Based on the finding, it was concluded that the community’sunderstanding of natural resource management in the island cluster is still low. Besides, the model andconstruction of Graha Mina marine tourism is a novelty in this research.
Ramadan Fasting and Risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) in Healthy People: A Review
Authors: Balsam Qubais Saeed  , Kubais Saeed Fahady  , Ahmed Omar Adrees
Published: April 2021

Fasting the month of Ramadan is one of five obligatory pillars of the Islamic creed, observed strictly byhundreds of millions of Muslims every year. The fasting process includes absolute abstinence from eatingand drinking for an average of around 15 hours daily for one month. As the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic has been ongoing during the month of fasting, there are public concerns that fastingmay increase the susceptibility for infection of COVID-19. According to Islamic jurisdiction, if adequatescientific evidence of harm on health is available, fasting is discouraged and should not be practiced.Such concern is not only relevant to the Muslim population but is becoming increasingly relevant to otherpopulations due to the practice of intermittent fasting which is a popular current health trend worldwide.There is no direct evidence of any disadvantage effect of Ramadan fasting during the COVID-19 pandemicon healthy people, for this purpose, we performed a systematic review of 37 articles published between2005 and April 2020 which investigated the effect of fasting on markers of the respiratory system functionand immune response. Our main findings from this analysis show that there is no evidence that fasting themonth of Ramadan have a negative impact on the respiratory function and the immune system of healthyindividuals.
Vitamin D Levels and Its Correlation with Severity of Breast Cancer
Authors: Anagha V. Sahasrabuddhe  , Sanika Deshmukh  , Shailesh U. Pitale  , Chandrasekhar Mahakalkar  , Ajonish Kamble
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Vitamin D has wide range of actions in the body which include immunogenic actions,differentiation of immune cells and keratinocytes, expression of growth factors etc. Genes encoding forproteins that regulate cellular differentiation, cell proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis contain vitaminD response element.Materials and Methods: A total of 135 newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer and equal number ofcontrols were recruited in the study. The histo-pathological grading of cancer, Hormone-receptor status(estrogen receptor-ER, progesterone receptor PR and HER-2 receptor) was done by immunohistochemistry,stage of tumor (based on TNM Classification), details of metastasis were noted. Vitamin D levels were doneby HPLC method.Results: The mean age, age at menarche, BMI, calcium intake, sun exposure, Ser PTH levels, Ser Calciumlevels were insignificantly different in both the groups. Ser Vitamin D levels were 30.95±17.65 ng/Ml incases and 27.21±7.97 ng/Ml in controls, with a p value of 0.198 which is not significant. The levels ofVitamin D in ng/Ml in Stage I, Stage II, Stage III and Stage IV were as follows: 26.06±11.45, 29.61±17.23,47.33±21.13, 42.67±28.92 and a p value of 0.190(NS). Thus there was no significant difference in VitaminD levels of cases and controls. The association between the biomarker status and stages showed significantresults as indicated by p-value of 0.043.Conclusion: This study fails to find any inverse association of vitamin D with severity of breast cancer andreceptor status.
A Review Article on Ahar Vihar According to Ritus in Ayurveda
Authors: Kaustubh Bhoyar  , Bhushan Mhaiskar  , Santosh Pusadkar  , Sonali Bhoyar  , Harsh Salankar
Published: April 2021

In general there are mainly three seasons: winter, summer, rainy season. According to Ayurveda, six seasonsare considered: Vasant, Grishma, Varsha, Sharad, Hemant and Shishir. Acharya Sushrut has divided the 12months of the year into these seasons. There are two parts of the year in which the sun moves towards northin the first part and in the second part, the sun moves towards the south in Visarga. These are termed asadanakala and visargakala. There are winter, spring and summer seasons in the input period and varsha andHemant seasons in the Visarga period. At the time of exchange, the Sun remains strong and the moon weak.The peak season is strong, spring is medium and summer is beautiful. During the Visarga period, the Moonis strong and the Sun is weak. Lunar is nutritious. The rainy season is of great strength, the autumn seasonis of medium strength and the spring season is of great strength.
A Therapeutic Action of Vatari Guggulu in Amavata, Sandhigata Vata Grudhrasi
Authors: Geeta Vishwanath Sathavane  , Shilpa Gabhane  , Madhulika Tiwari  , Komal Kedar  , Seema Thakre  , Shailesh Nagpure
Published: April 2021

Drug (Ausadha) is a part of quadruped of the treatment, which has been placed next to the physician. Thecomprehensive knowledge of the drug is very important to physician because without knowledge of drugpatient cannot be treated properly. Vatari guggulu is such herbal remedy mentioned in the ancient ayurvedictexts of Bhaishajya Ratnavali Amavata chikitsa prakarana for the treatment of various diseases like Samavata,Katishool (Low back ache), Grudhrasi (Sciatica), Khanja, Pangu, Vatarakta (Gout) ,Shotha, Daha ( Relivesburning sensation) and Koshtukshirsha. It having Vatashamaka, Kaphashamaka, Aamapachana, dipana,Vedanasthapana and Rasayana properties. Various study is carried out to evaluate the efficacy of drug VatariGuggulu in diseases like Amavata,Sandhigata Vata and Grudhrasi and significant results were obtained.Thepresent review article aim to evaluate the Theurapeutic action of Vatari Guggulu in aamavata,SandhigataVata,Grudhrasi.
Clinical Assessment of a Local Application of Kasisadi Ghrita in Parikartika (Fissure-in-ano)
Authors: Snehal Kukade  , Mamata Mate  , Komal Kedar  , Seema Thakre  , Shailesh Nagpure
Published: April 2021

Background: Parikartika is charecterised by sharp cutting pain in anal region. In Parikartika Teevrashoola,bleeding is observed, equally extreme pain& slimy blood discharge are seen in Fissure-in-anoObjective: To test the efficacy of thelocal application of Kasisadi Ghruta in managingMethods: Classical signs and symptoms ofParikartika (fissure inAno) Age groups of 20 to 60 years havebeen recruited for the researchThe trial group obtained treatment with Kasisadi Ghruta local application for28 days, twice a day.Results: Average relief observed was observed 62.5% for most symptoms Shothahara, Vedanasthapana andRopana are in Kasisadi Ghruta. Properties because of which it helps in healing the ano fissureConclusion: Local Kasisadi Ghruta The programme has better results in the Fissure in ano.
Microsafe (Oral Care) to Control COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Muamer Alshalah
Published: April 2021

Dental practice poses a possible risk of cross-infection with COVID-19 among patients, dentists, and theirassistants by direct saliva exposure and indirect contact. At Al-Kafeel Hospital in Karbala, Iraq, This studyhas focused on using Microsafe (Oral car) as a mouthwash product to COVID-19 control infection.Materials and Methods: One hundred people used the Microsafe (oral care) as a mouthwash productto prevent COVID-19 for two months. Fifty persons from Al-Kafeel Hospital staff (dentists) are fullycommitted to prevention measures, and fifty persons from the Al-Kafeel Hospital patients regularly attendhospital treatment. Not all patients can be guaranteed and apply these preventive measures.Results: After two months of using Microsafe (oral care) as a mouthwash, only eleven of the total patientswere affected with COVID-19. Only three of the hospital staff and eight patients were affected.
Perception of Final Year Physiotherapy Students about Effectiveness of Virtual Skills Lab
Authors: Krishna Kumar Singh  , Subrat Samal  , Nitin Samal  , Snehal Samal  , Gauri Ajay Chaudhary  , Vaibhav P. Anjankar
Published: April 2021

Background: “The art of physical therapy is elaborately tied to the art of communication.” In ancientmedical course of study, communication isn’t schooled formally and this results in a spot in dependabilityand consistency of the teaching. Aim: To study the concept of Final year physiotherapy students aboutEffectiveness of virtual skill lab. Materials and Methods: This observational study was carried out atVirtual skill Lab of Datta Meghe College of Physiotherapy, Wardha. Feedback was obtained with the help ofa pre-validated questionnaire from 40 final year students of physiotherapy about their concept about utilityof the model taught in the Virtual Skill Lab including factors which helped them and which affected therelearning. Results: A total of 78.46% students were of the idea that Virtual Skill Lab posting is must for allmedical undergraduates. A 93.83% perceive that the module taught was very relevant and useful and weresatisfied with the duration of posting (81.47%). A 78.46% students experienced improvement in their virtualskill lab. They opined that more emphasis should be given on communication between doctor and patient(61.53%). Conclusion: The students found virtual skill Lab very useful. They desired more emphasis oncommunication between doctor and patient and sought more interactivity, video demonstrations to be partof the module.
Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Vitamin C in Non Pregnant and Pregnant Women
Authors: Ankita Khandolkar  , Rakesh Kumar Jha  , Pradip Jain  , Archana Dhok
Published: April 2021

Introduction: It is perceived that smoking cigarettes during pregnancy is unfortunate and can promptexpanded unconstrained early abortion in the first trimester, premature abruption of the placenta, pretermdelivery, decreased birth weight and SIDS. All things considered, children destined to mothers who smokeduring pregnancy weigh 150-300 gram not exactly those destined to mothers who don’t smoke and thedanger of little for-gestational age among ladies who smoke is at any rate twice as high as among ladieswho don’t smoke. For more seasoned ladies, the effect of smoking during pregnancy on fetal developmentand preterm conveyance are more noteworthy. The danger of placental issues can be expanded by long haulsmoking.Aim: Effect of cigarette smoking in non-pregnant and pregnant women’s on the blood serum level of vitaminCMaterial and Methods: The present study included 150 subjects of age group 25-35 years. Out which75 werenon-smokers pregnant women as a control group and 75 were smoker pregnant women as a studygroup. During this stage of pregnancy, the vitamin C levels in the maternal serum were colorimetricallydetermined. The respondents also answered a questionnaire about their smoking habits during pregnancy.Vitamin C intake was measured during the third trimester by monitoring food consumption over a 5-dayperiod (including Sunday) and vitamin C registration with dietary supplements.Results: In the present study, we found significant decreased levels of serum vitamin C and in pregnantcigarette smokers as compared to pregnant non-smokers.Vitamin C was protective for placental abruption innonsmokers but not in smokers (P=0.01).Conclusion: If the production of antioxidants (vitamin C) in smokers is lower compared to pregnant womenwho are not smokers, this could aggravate their newborn’s peroxidation problems. Supplementation ofvitamin C tends to be connected with a decrease in placental abruption and preterm birth in pregnant smokers.
The Effects of Traditional Strengthening Exercises Versus Functional Task Training on Pain, Strength and Functional Mobility in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Subrat Samal  , Shiril Nagarkar  , Varsha Pawar  , Nitin Samal  , Snehal Samal  , Krishna Kumar Singh  , Vaibhav P
Published: April 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common in India. The incidence of osteoarthritis in adults over the ageof 45. Although there is no evidence to suggest that genetics, heredity, histology and biochemistry play astrong role in its development. To date no cure for the disease exists. However, it has been proven that riskfactors for the onset and progression of disease can be decreased or avoided through lifestyle modificationssuch as weight loss, increased physical activity and dietary changes. Twenty subjects were divided into twoGroups. Training exercise group 7 subjects and functional task training 13 subjects. Baseline measures forperformance outcome measures were insignificant between groups for all of the following: Berg BalanceScale (BBS), (p=0.304), stair climb test (SCT), (p=0.567), timed up and go test (TUG), p=0.970. This studysupport that functional task training is a better option in improving walking speed in this 45-65 year oldpopulation having osteoarthritis knee
Nurses’ Perception about Medication Errors Types, Causes and Barriers to Report it
Authors: Nassim Samir Saker  , Ahmed Mohammed Jasim Shlash  , Ameer Salah-Aldeen Abdulrazaq
Published: April 2021

Background: Since there is a continuous rise in the number of patients requiring quantity of prescribedmedications and medical care, there is always an increasing requirement for a complete system that cancarefully evaluate all the medication errors that may occur.Objective: Determine types, causes, and barriers of medication errors reportSetting: The current study was conducted in Imam Sadiq Hospital - Babel City during 2019 yearSubjects: The study comprised of 100 nurses with at least two years of clinical experienceTools: The Medication Administration Errors (MAEs) method was used to gather the data by reportingruestionnaire that was formulated by Wakefield et al.(1996) and revised by the researchers. The questionnairehas 65 questions; 15 items are related to the reasons of medication errors occurrence, 7 items concerningthe reasons of not reporting medication errors and 5 items related to the percentage of each medicationerror type reported on units which classified into 9 items for non- intravenous and 11 items for intravenousmedication administration errors.Results: most of nurses reported no mistakes related to wrong route, wrong dose, wrong method;Whilewrong time, allergic reaction and infusion rate mistakes were more repetitive errors accordingto their perception. Fears about punishmentand from patient relatives was most common barriers to reportmedicationerrors.Conclusion: Medication errors is highly priority health system problem; more than half of nurses reportedno mistakes related to wrong dose, wrong method, and wrong patient, most of them indicated that no clearlydefinition of medication error was identified, unclear reporting system wasexisted.Recommendations Assessment and surveillance system should be followed to minimize medication errorspotentiality. Nurses have to always remember that they are responsible and accountable to the results of theirdecisions andactions whatever they are.
Effectiveness of Educational Program on Nurses’ Knowledge toward Malignant Solid Tumors of Children at the Oncology Center
Authors: Qasim K. Aljobury  , Zahid Jassim Mohammed  , Khamees Bandar Obaid
Published: April 2021

Background: Solid tumor is one of the problem facing the early childhood and the common types of solidtumors are (Lymphomas, Nephroblastoma and Wilm’s Tumors)Methodology: The study was designed as quiz-experiment design (non -probability sample) using (pre andpost-test). Participants were 50 nurses working in the oncology center , and being, tested in three periodspre-test and post-test-1, and post-test-2 after applying an education program regarding improving theirknowledge toward malignant solid tumor.Results: The study outcomes low (33.3%) in assessment of nurses’ knowledge before applying theeducational program and became high in test -1 (81.24%) and in test-2 (87.93%) assessment of nurses’knowledge after applying the educational program.Conclusions: The level of knowledge regarding the solid tumor malignancy among nurses’ enrolled in thepre-test assessment of the study and control groups was low level. The educational program is an effectivein improvement of nurses’ knowledge regarding solid tumor malignancy.Recommendations: The need for educational activities to improve and update the more efforts should bedone to improve and update nursing staff knowledge.
Mothers’ Knowledge Regarding Infant Physical Needs
Authors: Alaa Issa Hamzah  , Nehad Kadhim Hashim
Published: April 2021

Parents’ most important need was for accurate and honest information. Needs focused around sensitiveinfant care and involvement in decision-making. The greatest stressor for parents was alteration to theparental role, followed by infant appearance.A descriptive / Cross-sectional study design is carried to assessthe mothers’ knowledge regarding infant physical needs in Babylon governorate.The study conducted in Babylon Governorate in AL-Hashemia district, health centers. The sample size was(100) mother’s .The sample of study was multistage sampling, The data were collected through the trainingof two groups of specialized community health nursing student, each groups consisting of 2 students.They were trained on how to collect the sample and data collection method. The study used a developedquestionnaire (Arabic version( The data of the present study are analyzed through the use of StatisticalPackage of Social Sciences (SPSS) study concluded A third of the female participants in the study breastfeedtheir children through a bottle of milk and half of them feed their children 5 times a day, more than half ofthe participants had moderate information, while 40% of them had little information about caring for theirchildren physically. study recommended new mothers depend on the care of their children on the familyinheritance, especially the mother or older sister without adopting the scientific aspects and the developmentin the care of infants. Therefore, the study suggests developing an educational program that is part of themotherhood and childhood program.
A Study of Self- Medication Uses without a Prescription among Iraqi Patients in Baghdad City
Authors: Shatha Saadi Mohammed  , Ahmed Mohammed Jasim Shlash
Published: April 2021

Background: Medicines are those chemical compounds which consist of a single substance or more and areobtained through natural (plant or animal), as well as industrial methods, by chemical reactions that utilizedin the treatment of diseases that can infect human and animals or alleviate illness, prevention or diagnosing.Self-medication is the unwanted medical use of prescription and / or over-the-counter drugs. These practiceshave become an encouraging global form of self-care when it comes to minor ailments. Well it is not limitedto over-the-counter medicines. This also includes the use of prescription medications such as antibiotics.Objective: This study explores the extent of a widespread phenomenon of medicines usage without a doctorprescription, and studied the self-medication practices reasons among patients in the city of Baghdad.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted by questionnaires were distributed randomlyto 300 adults in different age group, sex and level of education at PHC in Baghdad city.Result: In this study, findings depict that the (34.3%) of study male participants are aged (30-39) years old.In regarding with education, thirty-four percent are primary school graduated and work a housewife residentin rural areas. Also, the (53 %), (12.3%) respectively take drugs in the last months for flu. The (64.7%) ofdrugs was prescribed by physician and (35.3%) of drug take without prescription because (16.3%) of themnot have access to physician care. The source of drugs supplies, the (31.7%) take it from others source and(38.3%) of information on the use of these drugs was obtained from physicians. The most common types ofdrugs used without prescription the result indicated that (39.0) was antibiotics and (53.3%) of sample notcommitment by dose, Reading instructions & advertence with complication. Also the (73%) of sample don’tuses or depending upon herbs.Conclusion & Recommendations: The continued use of medications without a prescription is an alarmingproblem in the country of Iraq. The prevalence of self-medication management is high in Middle Easterncountries and is often associated with inappropriate drug use. Therefore, it is necessary to understand therelationship between the various factors that favor the management of self-medication and to evaluate theevolving trends to help us develop strategies to reduce the health risks associated with drugs among thepeople of the Middle East.The recommendations included the imposition of regulatory measures that restrict access to prescriptionmedications only in countries where antibiotics are available over the counter. Another recommendation,which has emerged in several studies, is to improve the use of media campaigns to effectively guide publiceducation programs.
Prevalence and Prevention of Diarrhoea among Infants in Rural Areas of Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Owoseni Joseph Sina  , Muhammad Nadir Shahzad  , Asim Muneeb Khan  , Mazhar Hussain Bhutta  , Beenish Ambereen
Published: April 2021

In Nigeria, diarrhoea has emerged as one of the common causes of gastroenteritis in children and adultpopulation. Generally speaking, it is a condition in which three or more liquid or loose bowel movement perday happen. Basically, prevalence of diarrhoea as a disease is highly caused due to poor sewerage disposal,hygiene conditions and contaminated water at the household level. This study sought to investigate theprevalence and prevention of diarrhoea among infants in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The survey research designwas used to accomplish this study. Among the rural population of the area, a sample of one hundred (N=100)mothers were selected randomly to gather information for the study. The primary data was collected by usingthe questionnaire and secondary data was collected from textbooks, research journals/articles published onthe subject in the past. The findings shown, that the potential causes and prevention mechanisms of diarrhoeaamong children (less than 5 years) in the study area are not known to most of the nursing mothers. Therefore,it is imperative to engage community and women in particular aimed to ensure the success of educationalinterventions.
Neonatal Mortality Rate and Its Causes at Maternity Wards in Baghdad City’s Hospitals
Authors: Amna Mahmood Khalf  , Hala Saadi Abdul Wahid
Published: April 2021

Background: The first 28 days of life – the neonatal period – is the most vulnerable time for a child’ssurvival. Children face the highest risk of dying in their first month of life at an average global rate of (17)deaths per (1,000) live births in 2019.Objectives: To find out the neonatal mortality rate at maternity wards in Baghdad City’s Hospital for theyear 2019, and to assess the causes of neonatal mortality rate.Methods The study included a non-probability (convenient) sample of (150) Neonate who have beendyinginten hospitals in Baghdad City. The study subjects are recruited from 10 teaching hospitals. Data is collectedfrom neonatal medical records in the Department of Statistics; data are analyzed using descriptive andinferential data analysis process.The Results: The results of the current study indicate that the neonatal mortality ratefor the year of 2019 is(0.636).The highest number of causes of neonatal mortality is accounted for asphyxia (57.7%) and congenitalanomalies (29.6%).Most of the neonates are (1-5) day of age (83.8%); Males (64.1%); (3000-3.999) gm ofweight (42.9%); urban residents (60.6%); are born at early term (37 to 38+6 days) (35.9 %) and in hospital(95.8%) through cesarean section (64.8%). There is no significant relationship between neonates’ age andthe causes of neonatal mortality.Conclusion: The neonatal mortality rate is (0.636) for the year of 2019 on the maternity wards in BaghdadCity’s hospitals per 1000 of the population at risk for the same year; The most accounted cause of neonatemortality is asphyxia and congenital anomalies.
Manajemen Ekstrakurikuler dalam Mengembangkan Minat dan Bakat Anak
Authors: Chanda Rada Najmah Sa’idah Fais
Published: April 2021

Researcher conducted this study with the aim to know the implementation of extracurricular management to develop children's interests and talents in TK ABA 1 Blimbingrejo Jepara. Researcher used descriptive qualitative research with research subjects were students, teachers and the headmaster of TK ABA 1 Blimbingrejo Jepara. The data collection method are documentation, interview and observation. Then it is processed by interactive data analysis techniques, with four stages in analyzing, with data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. According to the Minister of Education and Culture Regulation No.62 of 2014 stated that the schedule of extracurricular activities outside of study hours is under the supervision and guidance of the school. Extracurricular activities carried out at half past ten to half past eleven, the types of extracurricular activities include drum band, Iqro, coloring, dancing, playing traditional instruments, memorizing pancasila and short prayers. The results of this study show that the interests and talents of children can develop with the extracurricular management at TK ABA 1 Blimbingrejo Jepara.
Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Perempuan dalam Novel Aisyah Karya Sibel Eraslan
Authors: Ngaisah Ngaisah
Published: April 2021

Value as an abstract conception of something value in humans about what is considered good and bad for the object in the direction towards object in value. The emergence of education women originating from the middle east country is exactly the Arab country. Women’s education is a process of forming behavior. Women education is not only the formation of a knowledge not just a transfer of knowledge.Formal and non- formal women’s education not just a transfer of knowledge. Women’s educations maximize the potential that already exists in humans. Humans are noble beings created by God with senses and great reason.Sibel has had a great influence on the world of education. With her innovation made a famous history of women known to the world as a novel that is full of educational values should be which is relevant throughout the ages.So educational tools such as material or methods.Evaluation of educationsare required to be humane too.The method in this method used this study is literature with content analysis. Present engineering education, creates a social structure. This education covers: (1) religion education for women (religion knowledge) the first mandatory thing for women; (2) educational education is must be known by women (believe in Allah and dhikr to Allah); (3) education of morality for women; 4) Social education; 5) Family education for women.
Aplikatif Pemikiran Pendidikan Ibnu Khaldun
Authors: Aminudin Aminudin
Published: April 2021

Studying past Islamic education figures is something that is still considered saturating. But basically, studying history is not to always be applied, but as a material consideration in the present. One of them was Ibn Khaldun whose full name was Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Hasan bin Jahir bin Muhammad bin Ibrahim bin ‘Abd al-Rahman bin Khalid who later became known as Khaldun. The most famous work is Kitāb al-'Ibar wa Dīwān al-Mubtada 'wa al-Khabar fī Ayyām al-Arb wa al-'Ajam wa al-Barbar wa Man' Āsharahum min Dzawī al-Sulthān al-Akbar which contains sample books examples and records of the origins and events of the Arabian, Persian, Barbarian and contemporaries and those who have great powers, or often abbreviated as the book al-'Ibar only. Ibn Khaldun classifies his thoughts on education as in the Muqaddimah into four namely: definition and purpose of education, educators, students, education methods and materials.
Penggunaan Kartu Aksara Jawa Nglegeno Berbasis Edugame dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Jawa di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: TARSIM TARSIM
Published: April 2021

This study aims to make learning more fun and make it easier to memorize the Javanese script nglegeno in Javanese subjects in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah through card games Javanese characters and their sounds. For data retrieval obtained through observation, interviews, tests, and documents. The technique used to analyze data there are three components, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion making. The results of this study are the use of Javanese letters cards and edugame-based Javanese sound cards are expected that active MI / SD educator participants in reading Javanese script Nglegena will increase and be able to read them well.
Learning By Doing Media Belajar Jam Dinding dalam Pembelajaran Matematika di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Nahdiyah Faujatun
Published: April 2021

The research was carried out the lock of student’s abilities in understanding time unit. Time unit is abstract, so it’is needed real object as a model to make the student understand easily.in other hand, the student should be given real activity that can be recreved easily. In order to make them understand the concept of time unit.The success of a teaching and learning process is one of the reasons due to the use of media or participation in the teaching and learning process. Because in the teaching and learning process media has an important meaning.This research used a qualitative method, and used wall clock that made by paper carton. With a wall clock made of cardboard, it is easy for students to use the clock by rotating the direction of the needle on the cardboard between the long needle and the short needle must match.
Penggunaan Komik Untuk Mengembangkan Keterampilan Menyampaikan Pendapat Siswa pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Harits Dea Amelia
Published: April 2021

Not all children in elementary schools can express opinions, some children are still reluctant to prefer passivity and silence when agreeing opinions. This causes because children are still experiencing difficulties in expressing what is in their thoughts and feelings, the child has not been able to ask for his opinion, as well as the media used by teachers in the learning process in class. Therefore, researchers are interested in using media to develop skills to express students' opinions. The results showed an increase in the average value on the assessment of the results of the pretest by 65.51, then the average value added increased at the posttest to 84. This was supported by the results of t-test calculations on the expertise supported by students and sig (0,000) < 0.05. The data shows that learning media is promising in developing the skills of conveying students' opinions.
Active Learning dalam Pembelajaran Matematika SD Melalui Permainan Engklek Mamun
Authors: Khasanah Ulfatun
Published: April 2021

The weak ability of the students on the summation material and reduction in the background of this research. Mathematics is abstract, so in mathematics learning the necessary medium/intermediary that serves to confine so that facts clearer and more easily accepted by students. Media used is the game usually Mamun, which is a game conducted in groups in the form of advanced crank if the number of positive and crank backward if the number is negative. Numbers is a row of students holding positive and negative number flags. Each student holds a number. Students who do not hold the number do the forward or backward crank according to the prescribed number. The method is qualitative. The result is that through the game Engklek Mamun students can do the counting operation summation and reduction on the number line.
Penggunaan Media Visual Nilai-Nilai Pancasila dalam Pembelajaran PPKn
Authors: Qiromah Muflihatul
Published: April 2021

This research is motivated by the lack of public understanding of the values of Pancasila.thisstudy uses visual media toimprove learning achievement of Pancasila values andattitudesthat contain Pancasilavalues andmake learning more fun.Type of research used is fieldresearch.Data collection by observation and interview.Data were analyzed using qualitativeanalysis.Visual media research results in the from of Pancasila values in the from ofPancasilasymbols and pictures of Pancasilavalues using demonstration methods matchthevalue of Pancasila with Pancasila symbols in group showing visualization media Pancasilavalue are more effectiveto make learning more fun and visual media Pancasila values aremore effectivein increasing student motivation in learning that contains Pancasila values.
Penggunaan Metode Discovery untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran IPA di Mi Ma’arif NU Ajibarang Kulon
Authors: Isti’anataun Isti’anataun
Published: April 2021

This research is motivated by the low learning outcomes of science class 5 subjects. This is because students seem less active in teaching and learning activities in class, there is no enthusiasm of students to learn, lack of enthusiasm in asking teachers. Many students consider science subjects to be difficult to understand, and many students are busy by themselves when the teacher explains science material in front of the class. The reason for these problems is that when teachers' learning activities dominate more than the students themselves. The purpose of conducting this research is that the learning outcomes of 5th grade students at MI Ma'arif NU Ajibarang Kulon, especially in science subjects using discovery methods can improve their learning outcomes. The object of this study was 5th grade MI Ma'arif NU Ajibarang Kulon students. In the process of collecting data in this research activity using observation, interviews, tests, and documentation. From this study shows that in activities with learning science by using the discovery method can improve learning outcomes of science in class 5 MI Ma'arif NU Ajibarang Kulon, and learning outcomes of science subjects indicated by the value of the results of the initial test, the first cycle test and cycle II has increased in each cycle. In the initial observation activity the number of students above the KKM only reached 41.66%, in the first cycle it rose to 68.18% and in the second cycle it increased again to 90.91%.
Pola Pengasuhan Orang Tua Terhadap Anak Usia Dini di Laman Sahabat Keluarga
Authors: Sumarni Sumarni
Published: April 2021

Orangtua sebagai pengasuh utama memeiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam proses tumbuh kembang nanak, pasalnya pola asuh yang diberikan oleh orangtua kepada akan menentukan masa depan sang anak. Semakin berkembangnya zaman pola asuh yang dilakukan oleh orangtuapun pada anak pun semakin berfariasi, hal ini dapat kita lihat dilaman sahabat keluarga yang di sediakan oleh Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Dalam beberapa kesempatan dapat kita jumpai beberapa penulis yang berbagi pengalaman pribadi maupun dilapangan terkait pola asuh yang diterapkan kepada anak usia dini. Penelitiann yang dilakukan oleh peneliti digolongkan sebagai penelitian librarary research dengan mengumpulkan data primer dan sekundere terkait dengan artikel tentang pola asuh orangtua yang dimuat di Laman Sahabat Keluarga. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, guna menginterpretasikan dan menjelaskan objek penelitian, yaitu analisis pola pengasuhan orang tua terhadap anak usia dini di laman sahabat keluarga. Hasil dari penelitan ini menunjukan bahwa dari artikel yang dituliskan oleh orang tua di laman Sahabat Keluarga menggambarkan proses pengasuhan yang dialkukan oleh orang tua pada anak. Dimana pengasuhan yang diberikan kepada anakbertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan tumbuh kembang anak dan menanamkan nilai-nilai positif pada anak. Selain itu beberapa artikel juga menjelaskan dampak dari proses pengasuhan pada anak, baik dampak positif dan negatif, sehingga artikel ini dapat menjadi salah satu bahan belajar bagi orang tua dalam melakukan pengasuhan terhadap anak.