bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asialoglycoprotein Receptor 1 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor in Liver Cancer via Inhibition of STAT3
Authors: Zhu Xingxin , Song Guangyuan , Zhang Shiyu , Chen Jun , Hu Xiaoyi , Zhu Hai , Jia Xing , Li Zequn , Song Wenfeng , Chen Jian , Jin Cheng , Zhou Mengqiao , Zhao Yongchao , Xie Haiyang , Zheng Shusen , Song Penghong
Published: August 2022

Liver cancer is characterized by aggressive growth and high mortality. Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1), which is expressed almost exclusively in liver cells, is reduced in liver cancer. However, the specific mechanism of ASGR1 function in liver cancer has not been fully elucidated. On the basis of database screening, we identified ASGR1 as a tumor suppressor regulated by DNA methylation. Expression of ASGR1 was downregulated in liver cancer and correlated with tumor size, grade, and survival. Functional gain and loss experiments showed that ASGR1 suppresses the progression of liver cancer in vivo and in vitro. RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry showed that ASGR1 inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 by interacting with Nemo-like kinase (NLK). NLK bound the SH2 domain of STAT3 in an ATP-dependent manner and competed with glycoprotein 130 (GP130), ultimately suppressing GP130/JAK1-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3. ASGR1 altered the binding strength of NLK and STAT3 by interacting with GP130. Furthermore, the domain region of NLK was crucial for binding STAT3 and curbing its phosphorylation. Collectively, these results confirm that ASGR1 suppresses the progression of liver cancer by promoting the binding of NLK to STAT3 and inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation, suggesting that approaches to activate the ASGR1–NLK axis may be a potential therapeutic strategy in this disease.

Significance:

ASGR1 downregulation by DNA methylation facilitates liver tumorigenesis by increasing STAT3 phosphorylation.
Developmental Deconvolution for Classification of Cancer Origin
Authors: Moiso Enrico , Farahani Alexander , Marble Hetal D. , Hendricks Austin , Mildrum Samuel , Levine Stuart , Lennerz Jochen K. , Garg Salil
Published: August 2022

Cancer is partly a developmental disease, with malignancies named based on cell or tissue of origin. However, a systematic atlas of tumor origins is lacking. Here we map the single-cell organogenesis of 56 developmental trajectories to the transcriptomes of over 10,000 tumors across 33 cancer types. We deconvolute tumor transcriptomes into signals for individual developmental trajectories. Using these signals as inputs, we construct a developmental multilayer perceptron (D-MLP) classifier that outputs cancer origin. D-MLP (ROC-AUC: 0.974 for top prediction) outperforms benchmark classifiers. We analyze tumors from patients with cancer of unknown primary (CUP), selecting the most difficult cases in which extensive multimodal workup yielded no definitive tumor type. Interestingly, CUPs form groups distinguished by developmental trajectories, and classification reveals diagnosis for patient tumors. Our results provide an atlas of tumor developmental origins, provide a tool for diagnostic pathology, and suggest developmental classification may be a useful approach for patient tumors.

Significance:

Here we map the developmental trajectories of tumors. We deconvolute tumor transcriptomes into signals for mammalian developmental programs and use this information to construct a deep learning classifier that outputs tumor type. We apply the classifier to CUP and reveal the developmental origins of patient tumors.

See related commentary by Wang, p. 2498.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2483
Comprehensive Characterization of the Multiple Myeloma Immune Microenvironment Using Integrated scRNA-seq, CyTOF, and CITE-seq Analysis
Authors: Yao Lijun , Jayasinghe Reyka G. , Lee Brian H. , Bhasin Swati S. , Pilcher William , Doxie Deon Bryant , Gonzalez-Kozlova Edgar , Dasari Surendra , Fiala Mark A. , Pita-Juarez Yered , Strausbauch Michael , Kelly Geoffrey , Thomas Beena E. , Kumar Shaji K. , Cho Hearn Jay , Anderson Emilie , Wendl Michael C. , Dawson Travis , D'souza Darwin , Oh Stephen T. , Cheloni Giulia , Li Ying , DiPersio John F. , Rahman Adeeb H. , Dhodapkar Kavita M. , Kim-Schulze Seunghee , Vij Ravi , Vlachos Ioannis S. , Mehr Shaadi , Hamilton Mark , Auclair Daniel , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Avigan David , Dhodapkar Madhav V. , Gnjatic Sacha , Bhasin Manoj K. , Ding Li
Published: August 2022

As part of the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) immune atlas pilot project, we compared immune cells of multiple myeloma bone marrow samples from 18 patients assessed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), mass cytometry (CyTOF), and cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) to understand the concordance of measurements among single-cell techniques. Cell type abundances are relatively consistent across the three approaches, while variations are observed in T cells, macrophages, and monocytes. Concordance and correlation analysis of cell type marker gene expression across different modalities highlighted the importance of choosing cell type marker genes best suited to particular modalities. By integrating data from these three assays, we found International Staging System stage 3 patients exhibited decreased CD4+ T/CD8+ T cells ratio. Moreover, we observed upregulation of RAC2 and PSMB9, in natural killer cells of fast progressors compared with those of nonprogressors, as revealed by both scRNA-seq and CITE-seq RNA measurement. This detailed examination of the immune microenvironment in multiple myeloma using multiple single-cell technologies revealed markers associated with multiple myeloma rapid progression which will be further characterized by the full-scale immune atlas project.

Significance:

scRNA-seq, CyTOF, and CITE-seq are increasingly used for evaluating cellular heterogeneity. Understanding their concordances is of great interest. To date, this study is the most comprehensive examination of the measurement of the immune microenvironment in multiple myeloma using the three techniques. Moreover, we identified markers predicted to be significantly associated with multiple myeloma rapid progression.
Ischemic Colitis in a Patient with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Krejčová Ilona , Berková Alena , Kvasnicová Laura , Vlček Petr , Veverková Lenka , Penka Igor , Zoufalý Dušan , Červeňák Vladimír
Published: August 2022

At the time of the current COVID-19 pandemic, on a daily basis, we encountered patients suffering from various manifestations of this infection. The most common are respiratory symptoms. Many of the patients require acute hospital care, and a smaller group of them are hospitalized in intensive care units. A subset of these critically ill patients demonstrates clinically remarkable hypercoagulability and thus a predisposition to venous and arterial thromboembolism, manifested by thrombotic events ranging from acute pulmonary embolism and splanchnic vascular ischemia to extremity ischemia. The article describes a case of a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by massive bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract due to ischemic enterocolitis in connection with COVID-19 infection.
Risk of Atopic Disorders in Patients with Chronic Urticaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Ditte Georgina , Zahid Jawad Ahmad , Ali Zarqa , Thomsen Simon Francis
Published: August 2022

Background: Chronic urticaria (CU) has been associated with several systemic and autoimmune disorders. The association with atopic disorders is however controversial. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between CU and the atopic disorders: atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC). Methods: Search hits from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were systematically reviewed. English papers from 2000 to present, containing original data of the association (prevalence, incidence, or risk) between CU and any atopic disorder(s), were included. Pooled point prevalence and OR with 95% confidence intervals were calculated with a random effects model. Results: A total of 8,108 search hits were screened and reviewed. Thirty-eight studies met all inclusion criteria. The estimated pooled point prevalence of AD, asthma, and ARC in CU was 7% (5–11%, I2 = 99%), 12% (9–15%, I2 = 100%), and 22% (16–29%, I2 = 100%), respectively. Pooled ORs were estimated to 2.75 (2.05–3.68, I2 = 94%) for AD, 1.87 (1.01–3.45, I2 = 100%) for asthma, and 2.94 (1.84–4.68, I2 = 100%) for ARC. Conclusion: Pooled point prevalences of atopic disorders in CU were comparable to the general population. However, studies that compared prevalences with controls from the same population all found a significantly increased risk of atopic disorders in CU. Results should however be interpreted with caution as high heterogeneity was found in all analyses.
Neurotrophic Keratopathy Treated with Topical Recombinant Human Nerve Growth Factor (Cenegermin): Case Series Study with Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: García-Delpech Salvador , Udaondo Patricia , Fernández-Santodomingo Alex Samir , García-Teillard Damian
Published: August 2022

The authors report the use of topical recombinant human nerve growth factor cenegermin 0.02% in 5 patients diagnosed with neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) in a real-life setting. These 5 patients affected with stage II and III NK mainly of herpetic cause received cenegermin six times daily for 8 weeks. It was initiated upon refractoriness to prior conventional topical treatment. Visual acuity, corneal sensitivity test at four corneal quadrants, fluorescein staining, OC,T and photography were performed weekly during 9 weeks of follow-up from the completion of treatment. At the ninth week of follow-up, corneal sensitivity improvement and healing of corneal ulcers were found in all patients. No adverse events were reported, and no corneal ulcer recurrence was observed over a 4-year follow-up period. Cenegermin should be used in combination with conventional therapy for advanced NK, as it is an effective treatment for healing corneal ulcers, improving the corneal surface homeostasis and avoiding surgery.
Eribulin Treatment for Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer: The UK Experience – A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Jafri Mariam , Kristeleit Hartmut , Misra Vivek , Baxter Mark , Ahmed Samreen , Jegannathen Apurna , Jain Ankit , Maskell David , Barthakur Urmila , Edwards Gwenllian , Walter Harriet S. , Walshaw Richard , Khan Madeha , Borley Annabel , Rea Daniel
Published: August 2022

Introduction: This study examined real-world data from patients who received eribulin for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) collected from 14 hospitals across the UK. Methods: Anonymized data were collected retrospectively from patients with MBC who had received eribulin. The data included the hormone-receptor status, histological diagnosis, age, prior chemotherapy, response to eribulin, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: Among 577 patients analyzed, the median age was 56 years, and most patients (73%) were estrogen-receptor positive. The median OS was 288 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 261–315), and the PFS was 117 days (95% CI: 105–129). The median OS was higher among older patients (≥65 vs. <65 years: 325 days [95% CI: 264–385] vs. 285 days [95% CI: 252–317]; p = 0.028). The median OS was also higher in patients who received eribulin after fewer prior lines of chemotherapy (≤2 vs. >2 prior: 328 days [95% CI: 264–385] vs. 264 days [95% CI: 229–298]; p = 0.042). Discussion/Conclusion: These retrospective data suggest that eribulin can be successfully used in older patients with MBC. Eribulin treatment was more effective in earlier-line settings, which, while predictable, supports consideration of eribulin as a second-line treatment option.
Permanent Visual Impairment due to Delayed Diagnosis of Shunt Malfunction in Case of Lack of Typical Features of Increased Intracranial Pressure and Unchanged Ventricular Size
Authors: Qiu Shanshan , Qu Jifang , Yang Bo , Song Yunhai , Bao Nan
Published: August 2022

Objective: We present the clinical features, imaging, and management of 5 cases of visual impairment as the primary manifestation ventriculoperitoneal (V-P) shunt malfunction. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 126 patients of V-P shunt malfunction in Shanghai Children’s Medical Center between 2015 and 2020. Medical records including all hospital admissions were reviewed and follow-up data were collected. Results: Five children (3.97%) had visual impairment as the primary manifestation of V-P shunt malfunction, with a mild or no headache. Four broken distal shunt catheters and one proximal catheter blockage were confirmed intraoperatively and cured by surgery. None of the patients had a definite improvement in ophthalmic examinations after 4–52 months of follow-up. Conclusion: Visual impairment as the primary manifestation of V-P shunt malfunction was uncommon and could be easily missed or misdiagnosed as the only problem for lack of typical features of increased intracranial pressure and unchanged ventricular size. Earlier definitive diagnosis and surgical intervention could prevent a further development of the visual loss caused by V-P shunt malfunction.
Facções prisionais em dois territórios fronteriços
Authors: Dias Camila Nunes , Paiva Luiz Fábio S.
Published: August 2022

O texto analisa de um ponto de vista comparativo as dinâmicas criminais que ocorrem em fronteiras caracterizadas pela presença de grupos brasileiros de base prisional na  operacionalização do comércio transnacional de cocaína. Trata-se dos resultados de investimentos de pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvidos entre 2013 e 2018, na região da fronteira entre Brasil e Paraguai e da fronteira entre Brasil, Peru e Colômbia. As áreas estudadas são espaços alcançados por mercados ilegais e dinâmicas criminais transfronteiriças que têm sofrido importantes transformações, sobretudo em decorrência do protagonismo assumido por grupos brasileiros que aprenderam maneiras de atuar para a movimentação de mercados ilegais transnacionais, preservando estratégias que marcam sua história de base prisional e atuação em periferias urbanas.
Os significados de caipira
Authors: Guerra Luiz Antonio
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo investiga a consolidação histórica da civilização caipira, o seu desmantelamento a partir de mudanças estruturais da sociedade brasileira e a resiliência de características de uma antiga cultura rural. O objetivo é acompanhar as mudanças nos usos do termo “caipira” para compreender o significado atribuído a ele hoje por aqueles que se identificam com tal cultura. Conclui-se que o conceito analisado sofreu um expressivo deslocamento semântico, devido às profundas transformações materiais e sociais pelas quais passou a população rural do centro-sul do Brasil tal como descrita pela Sociologia Rural  paulista. Hoje, em vez do tipo humano característico dos bairros rurais, os elementos  simbólicos e as referências identitárias tornam-se centrais para designar os indivíduos que se consideram herdeiros da matriz cultural caipira, ampliando-se, assim, os seus significados para tempos, espaços e experiências diversos.
O Refino estiriano na Fábrica de Ferro de Ipanema: gestos engendrando cristais em 1885
Authors: Landgraf Fernando Jose Gomes , Araujo Paulo Eduardo Martins
Published: August 2022

A fabricação de barras de ferro maleável na Fábrica de Ferro de Ipanema é examinada com base na descrição do processo de refino do ferro-gusa feita pelo engenheiro Dupré, em 1884, e pela análise da microestrutura de alguns exemplares obtidos no Museu Nacional, no Rio de Janeiro, em 2014. Barras desse tipo foram utilizadas nas estradas de ferro do século 19. São contextualizados e explicados, a luz dos conhecimentos atuais, os gestos dos operadores do refino. As heterogeneidades microestruturais nelas observadas são similares às citadas na literatura sobre peças contemporâneas. Foi possível correlacionar a composição química do minério de ferro de Ipanema com a composição das inclusões de escória presentes naqueles objetos, parâmetro viável para estabelecer a “assinatura química” das barras lá fabricadas.
Um Materialista francês num momento pré-revolucionário - La Mettrie e as ideias sobre os seres vivos
Authors: Guimarães Simone Sendin Moreira , Prestes Maria Elice de Brzezinski
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo discute a ideia de vida no momento “pré-revolucionário” francês, problematizando como os modos de interpretação dos fenômenos manifestados pelos organismos vivos podem contribuir com a construção dialética do conceito de ser vivo na contemporaneidade. Nesse recorte, apresentamos a obra L`Homme-Machine (La Mettrie, 1748), caracterizando suas contribuições históricas para a construção dos modos explicativos materialista/mecanicistas (não reducionista) relacionados aos seres vivos.
Darwin no Brasil: História Natural e escravidão
Authors: Josephino Marcos Ferreira
Published: August 2022

Assim como dezenas de outros viajantes, Charles Darwin esteve no Brasil. Ao mesmo tempo em que ficou encantado com a fauna e a flora brasileira, Darwin ficou chocado com a maneira como os africanos escravizados eram tratados, a ponto de escrever em seu diário, quando partia do Brasil, que esperaria jamais colocar novamente os pés em um país escravista. O objetivo deste presente artigo é mostrar o lado humano deste cientista, sua opinião e relatos por ele deixado sobre um sistema cruel que esteve presente durante três séculos em nosso país.
Medicina e Farmácia na Árvore da Vida [...] do Padre Affonso da Costa (Goa, século XVIII)
Authors: Marchetto Vitória
Published: August 2022

A chegada dos portugueses ao Oriente colocou esses homens em contato com novas culturas e tradições e, ainda, lhes apresentou a novos elementos do mundo natural asiático. Na Goa do século XVIII, os altos índices de enfermidades e mortalidade evidenciaram a necessidade de ampliação dos saberes médicos europeus, padrão a ser seguido no então Estado da Índia. Deste modo, os curadores europeus, com destaque aos jesuítas que atuaram nessa esfera, encontraram-se frente a oportunidade de alargamento do rol de técnicas e formulações sob seu domínio, uma vez que passaram a dispor de saberes e ingredientes provenientes não somente da Ásia portuguesa, mas dos demais territórios sob soberania lusa.
L-2-Hydroxyglutarate Protects Against Cardiac Injury via Metabolic Remodeling
Authors: He Huamei , Mulhern Ryan M. , Oldham William M. , Xiao Wusheng , Lin Yi-Dong , Liao Ronglih , Loscalzo Joseph
Published: August 2022

Background:

L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L2HG) couples mitochondrial and cytoplasmic energy metabolism to support cellular redox homeostasis. Under oxygen-limiting conditions, mammalian cells generate L2HG to counteract the adverse effects of reductive stress induced by hypoxia. Very little is known, however, about whether and how L2HG provides tissue protection from redox stress during low-flow ischemia (LFI) and ischemia-reperfusion injury. We examined the cardioprotective effects of L2HG accumulation against LFI and ischemia-reperfusion injury and its underlying mechanism using genetic mouse models.

Methods and Results:

L2HG accumulation was induced by homozygous (L2HGDH [L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase]
–/–
) or heterozygous (L2HGDH
+/–
) deletion of the
L2HGDH
gene in mice. Hearts isolated from these mice and their wild-type littermates (L2HGDH
+/+
) were subjected to baseline perfusion and 90-minute LFI or 30-minute no-flow ischemia followed by 60- or 120-minute reperfusion. Using [
13
C]- and [
31
P]-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, reverse transcription quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, triphenyltetrazolium staining, colorimetric/fluorometric spectroscopy, and echocardiography, we found that L2HGDH deletion induces L2HG accumulation at baseline and under stress conditions with significant functional consequences. In response to LFI or ischemia-reperfusion, L2HG accumulation shifts glucose flux from glycolysis towards the pentose phosphate pathway. These key metabolic changes were accompanied by enhanced cellular reducing potential, increased elimination of reactive oxygen species, attenuated oxidative injury and myocardial infarction, preserved cellular energy state, and improved cardiac function in both L2HGDH
–/–
and L2HGDH
+/–
hearts compared with L2HGDH
+/+
hearts under ischemic stress conditions.

Conclusion:

L2HGDH deletion-induced L2HG accumulation protects against myocardial injury during LFI and ischemia-reperfusion through a metabolic shift of glucose flux from glycolysis towards the pentose phosphate pathway. L2HG offers a novel mechanism for eliminating reactive oxygen species from myocardial tissue, mitigating redox stress, reducing myocardial infarct size, and preserving high-energy phosphates and cardiac function. Targeting L2HG levels through L2HGDH activity may serve as a new therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases related to oxidative injury.
Tuberculosis and Risk of Ischemic Stroke: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Han Rim , Yoo Jung Eun , Choi Hayoung , Han Kyungdo , Jung Jin Hyung , Park Jongkyu , Lee Hyun , Shin Dong Wook
Published: August 2022

Background:

Conflicting results exist regarding the risk of ischemic stroke in tuberculosis survivors. We aimed to estimate the risk of ischemic stroke using a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort.

Methods:

We gathered data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service on tuberculosis survivors and 1:1 age- and sex-matched non-tuberculosis cases. Eligible participants were followed up from 1 year after tuberculosis diagnosis to the date of ischemic stroke event, date of death, or until the end of the study period (December 31, 2018), whichever came first. Cox proportional hazard regression and stratified analyses were performed to identify any related factors.

Results:

During follow-up periods of 3.8 years for patients with tuberculosis and matched non-tuberculosis cases, 1.3% of patients with tuberculosis (941/72 863) and 1.0% of matched non-tuberculosis cases (707/72 863) developed ischemic stroke. The overall risk of ischemic stroke was higher in tuberculosis patients (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.22 [95% CI, 1.10–1.36]) compared with the matched non-tuberculosis cases. A stratified analysis showed that patients with tuberculosis had increased risk of ischemic stroke regardless of age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score.

Conclusions:

Tuberculosis survivors had a higher risk of ischemic stroke than their matched non-tuberculosis cases. The results of this study suggest that tuberculosis is a crucial infectious factor associated with increased incidence of ischemic stroke.
Image‐Derived Metrics Quantifying Hemodynamic Instability Predicted Growth of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Yang Hong‐Ho , Sayre James , Dinh Huy , Nael Kambiz , Colby Geoffrey , Wang Anthony , Villablanca Pablo , Salamon Noriko , Chien Aichi
Published: August 2022

Background

Although image‐derived predictors of intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture have been well explored, current understanding of IA growth is limited. Pulsatility index (PI) and wall shear stress PI (WSSPI) are important metrics measuring temporal hemodynamic instability. However, they have not been investigated in IA growth research. The present study seeks to verify reliable predictors of IA growth with comparative analyses of several important morphological and hemodynamic metrics between stable and growing cases among a group of unruptured IAs.

Methods

Using 3‐dimensional images, vascular models of 16 stable and 20 growing cases were constructed and verified using geodesic techniques. With an overall mean follow‐up period of 25 months, cases exhibiting a ≥10% increase in diameter were considered growing. Patient‐specific, pulsatile simulations were performed, and hemodynamic calculations were computed at 5 important regions of each aneurysm (inflow artery, aneurysm neck, body, dome, and outflow artery). Index values were compared between growing and stable IAs using ANCOVA controlling for aneurysm diameter. Stepwise multiple logistic regression and receiver operation characteristic analyses were conducted to investigate predictive models of IA growth.

Results

Compared with stable IAs, growing IAs exhibited significantly higher intrasaccular PI, intrasaccular WSSPI, intrasaccular spatial flow rate deviation, and intrasaccular spatial wall shear stress deviation. Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed a significant predictive model involving PI at aneurysm body, WSSPI at inflow artery, and WSSPI at aneurysm body.

Conclusions

Our results showed that high degrees of hemodynamic variation within IAs are linked to growth, even after controlling for morphological parameters. Furthermore, evaluation of PI in conjunction with WSSPI yielded a highly accurate predictive model of IA growth. On validation in future cohorts, these metrics may aid in early identification of IA growth and understanding of IA remodeling mechanisms.
Y‐Stent–Assisted Coiling of Wide‐Necked Intracranial Aneurysms With the Neuroform Atlas Stent System
Authors: Jadhav Ashutosh P. , Desai Shashvat M. , Jovin Tudor G. , Hanel Ricardo A. , Sauvageau Eric A. , Aghaebrahim Amin , Lin Eugene , Khaldi Ahmad , Gupta Rishi G. , Johnson Andrew K. , Frei Donald , Loy David , Malek Adel , Toth Gabor , Siddiqui Adnan , Reavey‐Cantwell John , Thomas Ajith , Hetts Steven W. , Zaidat Osama O. , Jankowitz Brian T. ,   for the ATLAS Investigators
Published: August 2022

Background

Endovascular management of wide‐necked bifurcation aneurysms poses a therapeutic challenge, as coiling often requires the use of multiple adjunctive stent constructs to achieve successful embolization without compromising parent vessel integrity. The Neuroform Atlas Stent System is a novel low‐profile, intraluminal remodeling device. The study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of Y‐stent–assisted coiling configuration constructs using the next generation stent for aneurysm coil embolization.

Methods

Subjects undergoing Y‐stent–assisted coiling in the ATLAS IDE (Safety and Effectiveness of the Treatment of Wide Neck, Saccular Intracranial Aneurysms with the Neuroform Atlas Stent System Investigational Device Exception) trial were identified for subgroup analysis. Enrollment in the trial was not stratified on the basis of the procedural stenting technique used. The primary efficacy end point was complete aneurysm occlusion (Raymond–Roy class 1) on 12‐month angiography, in the absence of re‐treatment or parent artery stenosis (>50%) at the target location. The primary safety end point was any major stroke or ipsilateral stroke or neurological death within 12 months. Adjudication of the primary end points was performed by an independent imaging core laboratory and the clinical events committee.

Results

A total of 60 subjects were identified. The mean age was 59, and 28.3% were men. The median aneurysm size was 6.7 mm, with a median neck size of 4.3 mm. Frequently reported aneurysm locations included the basilar apex (56.7%), anterior communicating artery (20.0%), and middle cerebral artery bifurcation (11.7%). The composite primary efficacy end point was achieved in 81.1% of subjects. Overall, 1.7% of subjects experienced a primary safety endpoint of major ipsilateral stroke or neurological death.

Conclusion

In the ATLAS IDE aneurysm cohort premarket approval study, Y‐stent–assisted coiling with Neuroform demonstrated high rates of complete aneurysm occlusion at 12 months, with low rates of morbidity.
Implementation of FAIR Guidelines in Selected Non-Western
Geographies
Authors: Lin Yi , Purnama Jati Putu Hadi , Aktau Aliya , Ghardallou Mariem , Nodehi Sara , van Reisen Mirjam
Published: August 2022

This study provides an analysis of the implementation of FAIR Guidelines in selected non-Western geographies. The analysis was based on a systematic literature review to determine if the findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability of data is seen as an issue, if the adoption of the FAIR Guidelines is seen as a solution, and if the climate is conducive to the implementation of the FAIR Guidelines. The results show that the FAIR Guidelines have been discussed in most of the countries studied, which have identified data sharing and the reusability of research data as an issue (e.g., Kazakhstan, Russia, countries in the Middle East), and partially introduced in others (e.g., Indonesia). In Indonesia, a FAIR equivalent system has been introduced, although certain functions need to be added for data to be entirely FAIR. In Japan, both FAIR equivalent systems and FAIR-based systems have been adopted and created, and the acceptance of FAIR-based systems is recommended by the Government of Japan. In a number of African countries, the FAIR Guidelines are in the process of being implemented and the implementation of FAIR is well supported. In conclusion, a window of opportunity for implementing the FAIR Guidelines is open in most of the countries studied, however, more awareness needs to be raised about the benefits of FAIR in Russia and Kazakhstan to place it firmly on the policy agenda.
The Impact of COVID-19 and FAIR Data Innovation on Distance Education in Africa
Authors: Akindele Akinyinka Tosin , Arulogun Oladiran Tayo , Taye Getu Tadele , Amare Samson Yohannes , Van Reisen Mirjam , Berhe Kibrom Fekadu , Gusite Balyejusa
Published: August 2022

Prior to the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, distance education, a mode of education that allows teaching and learning to occur beyond the walls of traditional classrooms using electronic media and online delivery practices, was not widely embraced as a credible alternative mode of delivering education, especially in Africa. In education, the pandemic, and the measures to contain it, created a need for virtual learning/teaching and showcased the potential of distance education. This article explores the potential of distance education with an emphasis on the role played by COVID-19, the technologies employed, and the benefits, as well as how data stewardship can enhance distance education. It also describes how distance education can make learning opportunities available to the less privileged, geographically displaced, dropouts, housewives, and even workers, enabling them to partake in education while being engaged in other productive aspects of life. A case study is provided on the Dutch Organisation for Internationalisation in Education (NUFFIC) Digital Innovation Skills Hub (DISH) project, which is implemented via distance education and targeted towards marginalised individuals such as refugees and displaced persons in Ethiopia, Somalia, and other conflict zones, aiming to provide them with critical and soft skills for remote work for financial remuneration. This case study shows that distance education is the way forward in education today, as it has the capability to reach millions of learners simultaneously, educating, lifting people out of poverty, and increasing productivity and yields, while ensuring that the world is a better place for future generations.
Classification and prediction of cognitive performance differences in older age based on brain network patterns using a machine learning approach
Authors: Krämer Camilla , Stumme Johanna , da Costa Campos Lucas , Rubbert Christian , Caspers Julian , Caspers Svenja , Jockwitz Christiane
Published: August 2022

Age-related cognitive decline varies greatly in healthy older adults, which may partly be explained by differences in the functional architecture of brain networks. Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) derived network parameters as widely used markers describing this architecture have even been successfully used to support diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. The current study aimed at examining whether these parameters may also be useful in classifying and predicting cognitive performance differences in the normally aging brain by using machine learning (ML). Classifiability and predictability of global and domain-specific cognitive performance differences from nodal and network-level RSFC strength measures were examined in healthy older adults from the 1000BRAINS study (age range: 55–85 years). ML performance was systematically evaluated across different analytic choices in a robust cross-validation scheme. Across these analyses, classification performance did not exceed 60% accuracy for global and domain-specific cognition. Prediction performance was equally low with high mean absolute errors (MAEs ≥ 0.75) and low to none explained variance (R2 ≤ 0.07) for different cognitive targets, feature sets, and pipeline configurations. Current results highlight limited potential of functional network parameters to serve as sole biomarker for cognitive aging and emphasize that predicting cognition from functional network patterns may be challenging.
What does Job Want? Desire, Fear, Anxiety, and God in and Beyond Job 23
Authors: Hankins Davis
Published: August 2022

Job expresses several distinct desires in the poetic portions of the book of Job. Many interpreters have analyzed how Job uses legal language to express a desire to contend with God in court, and Job 23 is often cited as exemplary of this wish. However, in ch. 23 and elsewhere, Job rejects this imaginary courtroom scene as an impossibility because he experiences God’s presence as debilitating to his constitution as a subject. Job subsequently expresses a different resolve that is rooted in his actual experiences, which he describes in ways that correspond to certain psychoanalytic accounts of anxiety. In ch. 23, Job resolves to speak his way into the divine darkness that envelopes and effaces him, and this reorientation to Job’s experience and desire permits a fresh understanding of what makes Job’s perspective different from and problematic for traditional wisdom, which the three friends articulate and represent. The friends counsel Job to assume a pious posture of fear, which is unavailable to him because of his experience of anxiety. The desire that Job ultimately expresses in ch. 23 finds an intriguing echo in Job’s final words in 42:2–5, and this casts new light on the events narrated in the book’s prose introduction and conclusion, which in turn permits a new perspective on the book of Job as a whole.
The Old and the Young in Luke-Acts: The Lukan Literary Efforts for the Post-War Trauma, Generational Unity, and the Empowerment of the Younger Generation
Authors: Kim Jin Young
Published: August 2022

While many scholars point out the effect of the Jewish War on the formation of early Christian identities, not many have analyzed the generational dynamic over this traumatic experience and how the New Testament authors address this issue through their literary efforts. In this article, by utilizing sociological discussions on intergenerational tensions and integration in post-war societies, I present a generational interpretation of the literary efforts in Luke-Acts. I explore how Luke addresses the different understandings of the Temple between the older and younger generations and the trauma of its destruction persisting in the diaspora assemblies of Christ-followers. I argue that Luke, by portraying the old and young in particular ways (ex. Mary-Zechariah; early apostles-Stephen; Saul), attempts to heal the communal trauma of the war, promote mutual understanding between generations, and empower the next generation for the survival of the ekklēsia.
Vocabulary-Based Classification and Contact-Induced Formation of Neologisms in Two Standard Varieties of Karelian
Authors: Tavi Susanna , Tavi Lauri
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates the lexical similarities and formation of neologisms of two written standard varieties of Karelian, North and Livvi Karelian, spoken in the Republic of Karelia, Russia. Firstly, a naïve Bayes statistical model was generated to classify North and Livvi Karelian newspaper texts automatically. Secondly, the word formation strategies of neologisms from the classified newspaper texts were studied. The strategies between the two varieties were compared in terms of the code-copying framework. The results from the automatic classification and the investigation of neologisms show that the standards differ in lexicon and phonology, but the strategies of forming neologisms are similar: the most common strategy is to form words by language-internal means, and the other strategies are selective and global copying from Finnish, Russian, and English. The similar strategies in both standards suggest similar language planning.
The Equilibrium Point Between the Autonomy of Parliament and Other Constitutional Principles, as Viewed Through The Theoretical Framework of a System of Constitutional Justice. Case-Study: Italy
Authors: Albanesi Enrico
Published: August 2022

Scholarly debate concerning the judicial review of parliamentary proceedings has mainly focused on the constitutional principles in the light of which such a review should be excluded/grounded/limited. However, the equilibrium point between these principles remains elusive. This essay does not attempt to resolve this issue, since appropriate solutions can differ greatly from one legal order to another. Moreover, this being a matter of balance, a solution cannot be given once and for all, even domestically.

Instead, this essay aims to enrich existing studies, suggesting a methodology for viewing (and critically analysing) the equilibrium point in a domestic setting. First, however, supranational/international ‘constitutional’ principles should also be considered. Some examples of case-law (mainly concerning Italy) will be given. Secondly, such a balance should be viewed within the theoretical framework of the specific system of constitutional justice established domestically (i.e. types of standards, acts to be reviewed, jurisdictional disputes, subjects that can initiate disputes, violations of the Constitution). The validity of this second approach is then proved as it relates to Italy.
A Post-Pandemic Exploration of International Student-Athlete Personal Branding and Fan Interaction via Social Media
Authors: Jara Pazmino E. Su , Pack Simon M.
Published: August 2022

The population of international student-athletes (ISAs) at the collegiate level has dramatically impacted the sporting landscape in North America. Whereas a passionate group of fans is vital to the success of a sports team, the development of that athlete–fan relationship has grown due to the increased media attention on athlete personal branding and social media presence. The present study explores ISAs’ perceptions of social media use for personal branding, the challenges they face, and the extent to which they interact with fans through social media in a post-pandemic context. Athletes have pivoted more recently from personal appearances and other face-to-face interactions to more virtual means of interacting with fans. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with ISAs from various sports within Divisions I and II of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Four main themes emerged: (1) social media consumption versus content creation, (2) effects of name, image, and likeness regulations, (3) personal brand building on social media, and (4) fan interaction on social media for ISAs. The study aims to inform various collegiate athletics stakeholders on the potential value of ISAs’ personal branding for fan interaction and how this has been impacted by current name, image, and likeness restrictions.
Global Sport Protest Activism Is Exclusive to the Global Elite: A Case Study of #boycottqatar2022
Authors: Samuel-Azran Tal , Hayat Tsahi (Zack) , Galily Yair
Published: August 2022

Toward better understanding the nature of sport global protest, this article examines the profiles of users of the #boycottqatar2022 ( N = 111,172), a global initiative calling to boycott the 2022 World Cup on grounds of Qatar’s alleged breach of human rights. A social network analysis identified that 82% of users of the hashtag were from North America and Western Europe, that 88% of the uses of the hashtag were on Twitter (and a minority on Facebook and Instagram), and that the users’ political inclination was mostly liberal in comparison to random users. Overall, the findings indicate that the hashtag was used almost exclusively by activists from the so-called Global North on the more elitist Twitter platform, thus portraying a picture as an act of the global elite rather than a truly inclusive and overarching global initiative. We discuss further theoretical and practical implications of the findings.
Primary Insertion of a Silastic Spring-Loaded Silo for Gastroschisis
Authors: Wu Yeming , Vogel Adam M. , Sailhamer Elizabeth A. , Somme Stig , Santore Matthew J. , Chwals Walter J. , Statter Mindy B. , Liu Donald C.
Published: August 2022

Gastroschisis is traditionally managed by emergency primary closure, with a temporary silo reserved for large defects unable to be closed primarily. We recently have begun primary Silastic (Dow Corning, Midland, MI) spring-loaded silo (SLS) closure followed by elective closure and report our preliminary experience. A total of 15 infants (weight range, 2.1-13.5 kg) at 2 different institutions were treated by SC by 3 different surgeons between 1998 and 2002. A 3-, 4-, or 5-cm (ring diameter) silo was used depending on size of abdominal wall defect. Elective closure was performed in the operating room or at the bedside. Surgical parameters assessed included success of SLS, peak inspiratory pressures (PIPs) pre- and post-SLS closure, total time of staged closure with SLS, time to full feedings, and intra- and postoperative complications. Fifteen of 15 infants were successfully treated by SLS closure followed by elective closure. Two of 15 (13.3%) experienced temporary dislodgement of the silo prior to permanent closure. In both cases, the silo was safely reinserted at the bedside. Comparison of PIP values measured at various stages of SLS closure revealed no significant difference (P > 0.05). Mean times to final fascial closure (3.7 days) and full enteral feedings (22 days) were similar to historical controls obtained from the surgical literature. In 1 case where there was associated intestinal atresia, SLS closure was effective in permitting concomitant elective closure and re-establishment of bowel continuity. All children are alive and well at the time of this report. SLS closure permits safe, gentle, and gradual reduction of the exposed viscera leading to successful permanent abdominal wall closure. Respiratory embarrassment and hemodynamic instability associated with emergent (primary) closure of large abdominal wall defects can thus be avoided.
Resolution of Non-performing Assets of Commercial Banks: The Evidence from Banker’s Perspective in Indian Banking Sector
Authors: Chawla Sonia , Rani Seema
Published: August 2022

The present article draws on the banker’s perspective and extracts some practical insights about the factors behind specific NPAs resolution strategies. Based on the thorough review of the perspective, conceptual and empirical literature, and using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the study has identified 21 dimensions for ‘management of NPAs’. The empirical analysis of these dimensions has extracted 7 factors for management to be significant. A structured questionnaire has been developed and data has been collected from officers in different banks in India, especially working in the credit department. The questionnaire has been empirically tested for reliability and validity using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and also Z-test for checking the significance of the explored and confirmed factors. The present research work offers pragmatic suggestions for banking regulators, on improving the asset quality of banks in India and also throws new insights on effective credit management in banks.

JEL Codes: G01, G21, G32, E44
Alliance Reliability and Dispute Escalation
Authors: Johnson Jesse C , Wolford Scott
Published: August 2022

States form defensive alliances hoping to deter adversaries and avoid war. However, scholars and policy analysts often worry that if an alliance fails to deter the promise of military support will encourage escalation, pushing disputants closer to war. We show that in many cases this concern is unwarranted. We use a game-theoretic model of alliance reliability and crisis bargaining to show that the same factors that indicate unreliability and provoke disputes also encourage alliance members to make concessions rather than risk war. We test this hypothesis using a sample of militarized disputes initiated against members of defensive alliances, where recent shifts in military capabilities represent changes in challengers’ estimates of alliance reliability. Less-reliable alliances are less likely than reliable allies to deter disputes, but they also decrease the probability of escalation relative to reliable alliances. Unreliable alliances need not encourage war; rather, they can discourage it.
Effects of Different Sources of Low-Dose Caffeine on Mood/Arousal and Cognitive Performance
Authors: Irwin Christopher , McCartney Danielle , Grant Gary , Delang Nathan , Bartrim Karly , Cox Gregory R , Desbrow Ben
Published: August 2022

In this study we investigated the effects of variously derived sources of low-dose caffeine on mood/arousal and cognitive performance. Twenty-two participants (15 men, 7 women; M age: 28.2, SD = 9.0 years) undertook five randomized, crossover trials in which they consumed either a water control (CON) or 80 mg of caffeine from one of four sources (coffee [COF], energy drink [END], capsule [CAP], and dissolvable mouth strip [STR]). We measured the participants’ perceived efficacy of these varied caffeine sources pre-treatment; and we measured mood/arousal at pre-treatment, and again at 15 and 45 minutes post-treatment. We also measured choice reaction-time at 15 and 45 minutes post-treatment, and participants completed the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) 45 minutes post-treatment. Caffeine increased participant ratings of alertness and decreased their ratings of tiredness irrespective of source ( p’s < .05), and all sources of caffeine decreased reaction time on the PVT ( p’s < .05), with ex-Gaussian distributional analysis localizing this to the tau-parameter, indicating lower variability. However, only the COF source was associated with improved ‘overall mood’ ( p’s < .05). Participants expected to perform better on the PVT with COF compared to CON, but there were no other significant associations between source expectancy and performance. In sum, a modest dose of caffeine, regardless of source, positively impacted mood/arousal and cognitive performance, and these effects did not appear to be influenced by expectations.
Disjunctive writing in the urban skinscape: Bodies, borders and the physiology of attention in a Rio de Janeiro favela
Authors: Brigstocke Julian , Malanquini Lidiane , Froes Maira , Cabral Cristina , Baptista Gabriela
Published: August 2022

This article offers a creative disjunctive feminist analysis of affective rhythms within a complexly bordered complex of favelas in Rio de Janeiro. It explores the gendered atmospheric constitution of authority in the favela’s violent border spaces, arguing that authority is partly embodied through a channelling of attention. Attention is conceptualised as involving not just conscious intentions, perceptions and emotions, but also non-conscious rhythms of autonomous affective self-regulation. The article is structured through a tripartite disjunctive form that expresses the bordering of city, body and experience. Drawing on qualitative interview data, quantitative electrodermal activity physiological data and creative writing, the article dwells with the materiality of words and the forms of affects to express material and physiological aspects of emotion and affect in journeys around the internal border-spaces of the city. Adapting the modernist tradition of ‘stream of consciousness’ writing, we style a ‘stream of attention’ form of writing that expresses multiple modes of embodied, conscious and preconscious attention.