bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biblical Etymology of Organs and Body Parts
Authors: Du James Xianxing
Published: June 2020

Genesis claims that ancient languages were divinely diversified as the linguistic origin. In consistence, this article presents systematic evidence for biblical etymology related to all major body parts and organs. For instance, heart is to heat, brain is to burn, kidney is to kindle burnt offering, and muscle is to slice to the multiple. Sandal is sacred land, scared is sacred scarf, and tragedy is to tear garment. Both objective and abstract words exhibit biblical match, such as random and ransom as escaping scapegoat randomly chosen. Biblical etymology of morals 德, love 愛, real真, eternity 永, memory, necessity 必, secret 秘, accident, pardon 恕 and mister is also presented. Novel interpretation in biblical etymology is also presented for several affixes such as 辰, 者, per, and m/l+vowel+n. In definitive etymology, numerous words such as generation, espionage, pregnancy and agriculture are presented to bilingually match bible, especially the scripture of Moses, reflecting divine creation.
Extracting the Multimodal Fingerprint of Urban Transportation Networks
Authors: Natera Orozco Luis Guillermo , Battiston Federico , Iñiguez Gerardo , Szell Michael
Published: June 2020

Urban mobility increasingly relies on multimodality, combining the use of bicycle paths, streets, and rail networks. These different modes of transportation are well described by multiplex networks. Here we propose the overlap census method which extracts a multimodal profile from a city’s multiplex transportation network. We apply this method to 15 cities, identify clusters of cities with similar profiles, and link this feature to the level of sustainable mobility of each cluster. Our work highlights the importance of evaluating all the transportation systems of a city together to adequately identify and compare its potential for sustainable, multimodal mobility.
EDUCAÇÃO SOCIAL: UMA PERMANENTE (RE)CONSTRUÇÃO PESSOAL E SOCIAL
Authors: Mucharreira Pedro Ribeiro , Coelhoso Filipa , Carvalho Fernanda
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo (re)afirma a importância da valorização da Educação Social, enquanto espaço de desenvolvimento pessoal e social, na sua dimensão positiva, promotora e preventiva. Começámos por estabelecer a articulação entre os conceitos de educação, pedagogia social e educação social para depois refletirmos e fundamentarmos sobre a construção profissional, e da profissionalidade, dos Técnicos Superiores de Educação Social. Assente num reconhecimento da importância da “educação/aprendizagem ao longo da vida” defendemos a importância da intervenção socioeducativa e desafiámos as políticas educativas e sociais a promoverem um efetivo desenvolvimento humano.
Kalendarze polonijne Związku Narodowego Polskiego w Stanach Zjednoczonych Ameryki Północnej (wybrane zagadnienia)
Authors: Sieradzka Danuta
Published: June 2020

W artykule omówiono kalendarze polonijne wydawane na terenie Chicago przez jedną z najstarszych organizacji polskiej diaspory w Stanach Zjednoczonych – Związek Narodowy Polski (Polish National Alliance of the United States of North America). W latach 1910-1982 ukazywały się one jako publikacja książkowa, a w okresie 1992-2016 – jako kalendarze kartkowe (wall calendars). Przedmiotem rozważań i analizy stały się roczniki z przełomu XX i XXI w. W artykule dokonano jedynie przeglądu treści poszczególnych publikacji z uwzględnieniem ich elementów formalno-wydawniczych. Zaprezentowane kalendarze pochodzą z prywatnej kolekcji Autorki. Almanachy kartkowe były przeznaczone dla działaczy ZNP i wkładane do weekendowego wydania „Dziennika Związkowego” pod koniec każdego roku. Na łamach kalendarzy uwzględniano takie tematy jak: Polacy w życiu i historii Ameryki, dzieje Polski (dawnej i współczesnej), działalność ZNP – jego różne formy aktywności w polskim i amerykańskim środowisku. Promowano w ten sposób nie tylko samą organizację, lecz także przede wszystkim polskie dziedzictwo narodowe za oceanem. Poza Chicago wydawane są również inne kalendarze polonijne, o istnieniu których wspomina się w artykule.
Drukowane katalogi wydawnicze i księgarskie źródłem informacji o książce dipisowskiej w Niemczech Zachodnich w latach 1945-1950
Authors: Łakomy- Chłosta Agnieszka
Published: June 2020

Publishing and bookshop catalogues are one of the most important sources of information about the book market. They are becoming increasingly important when they originated in publishing and bookshop institutions that have no longer been in existence and yet are significant for the entire publishing movement. Quite often they are the only source of information about titles, authors and companies. The paper discusses printed publishing and bookshop catalogues of Polish entities in the book market, functioning in Western Germany in the years 1945-1950. Attention has been paid to their layouts, graphic design, and contents.
Rejestracja poloników w zbiorach obcych na przykładzie Katalogu starodruków biblioteki Papieskiego Instytutu Studiów Kościelnych w Rzymie oraz Katalogu poloników w Biblioteca Casanatense
Authors: Ochmański Mikołaj
Published: June 2020

A review article focusing on two catalogues published by the National Library in Warsaw in the series Polonica from the 16-18th Centuries in the Roman Libraries, Catalogue of Early Printed Books in the Library of Pontifical Institute of Ecclesiastic Studies in Rome and Catalogue of Polonica in the Biblioteca Casanatense. The main attention was paid to the scope of the material described in them (significant differences in the selection) and registration of provenience (Polonica provenience) as an element indicating the popularity of Polish subject matter and works in foreign collections, dislocations of the collections, or activity of the Poles in exile. Both catalogs are discussed against the background of the other four publications from the series, showing differences in the selection of materials and elements of descriptions (provenance), and briefly the history ofregistration of Roman Polonica.
Polonicum – definicja pojęcia, zakres doboru materiału, zastosowanie w bibliografii
Authors: Mieczkowska Halina
Published: June 2020

W artykule zreferowano problemy związane z tworzeniem polskiej retrospektywnej bibliografii narodowej. Przedstawiono krótki zarys historyczny tego zagadnienia (skupiając się na podstawowym wykazie literatury polskiej, czyli Bibliografii Karola Estreichera), podano definicję polonicum funkcjonującą w dzisiejszej praktyce bibliotecznej oraz zasady doboru materiału do bibliografii narodowej. Przy omawianiu poszczególnych kryteriów (terytorialnego, narodowego, tematycznego i językowego) ukazywano na wybranych przykładach piśmiennictwa/wydawnictw z okresu XVI-XVIII w. trudności z realizacją przyjętych zasad typowania dzieł do zespołu polonica.
Polonijna Biblioteka Cyfrowa 2017
Authors: Sypuła Dariusz Kuźmina, Paweł
Published: June 2020

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja zasobów Polonijnej Biblioteki Cyfrowej oraz ukazanie jej znaczenia w  sieci bibliotek cyfrowych w Polsce. Powstanie PBC jest wynikiem rewolucji w nauce jaką niesie z sobą rozwój ICT. Dzięki projektowi Polonijnej Biblioteki Cyfrowej badacze z całego świata mają dostęp do unikatowych zbiorów dokumentujących działalność polskiej diaspory. W zasobach Biblioteki znajduje się głównie XX-wieczna prasa społeczności polskiej z Ameryki Południowej jednak można w niej znaleźć dokumenty z każdego zakątka świata. Wiele materiałów ma charakter unikatowy i dostępne są jedynie poprzez PBC.
Polonika francuskie w zbiorowej świadomości organizatorów i członków pierwszych towarzystw i instytucji Wielkiej Emigracji
Authors: Pugacewicz Iwona H.
Published: June 2020

W artykule ukazano podjęty przez wychodźstwo zbiorowy wysiłek społeczny – zrzeszanie się pozbawionych państwowości obywateli w różne ugrupowania i związki w imię nadrzędnego interesu: uprawomocnienia polskiej kultury, udowodnienia jej żywotności jak i zaprezentowania Europie bogatej polskiej tradycji piśmienniczej. Przed ukazaniem emigracyjnych inicjatyw na rzecz tworzenia, promocji i ochrony poloników zaprezentowano wcześniejsze francuskie zainteresowania Wschodem, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kultury rosyjskiej. Omówiono – determinowaną bardziej przez polską kulturę niż politykę – aktywność stowarzyszeniową wychodźstwa w jego pierwszych latach pobytu poza macierzą. Przybliżono sylwetki dziewiętnastowiecznych prekursorów działalności na rzecz promocji polskiego piśmiennictwa na Zachodzie, a następnie plany, działalność oraz dorobek twórczy najaktywniejszych organizacji, które powstały po upadku powstania listopadowego. Ukazano zbiorowe jak i indywidualne zaangażowanie na rzecz stopniowej organizacji i gromadzenia polskiego dziedzictwa piśmienniczego. W trakcie omawiania kolejnych działań na rzecz zbierania i tworzenia poloników na emigracji ukazano wspólne polskie myślenie ponad politycznymi podziałami, a także inicjatywy i przedsięwzięcia scalające i de facto formujące Wielka Emigrację. Wskazano na inaczej kształtujący się system emigracyjnych wartości, który w całym procesie promocji polskiej kultury piśmienniczej we Francji wydawał się być kluczowy.
Doświadczenia i refleksje wynikające z realizacji projektu „Inwentarz Archiwum Instytutu Literackiego Kultura” w latach 2009-2015
Authors: Wrede Maria
Published: June 2020

Realizacja projektu „Inwentarz Archiwum Instytutu Literackiego Kultura” została przedstawiona jako podstawa do rozważań metodycznych w zakresie opracowywania zbioru rękopisów i zbiorów mieszanych. Założenia kompleksowego katalogu zbiorów ILK wraz z planem udostępniania w jednej bazie danych w ujednoliconej formule opisu oraz uzyskany w ten sposób „Inwentarz”, powinny stać się punktem wyjścia do rozważań nad podstawą opisu, granicami zbioru i jednostki, pojęciem jednostki, głębokością opisu, swobodą decyzji katalogującego, kartotekami wzorcowymi, a także strategią informacyjną instytucji zarządzającej zbiorem. Doświadczenia z pracy mieszanego zespołu bibliotekarzy i archiwistów przedstawione zostały jako przyczynek do rozbudowania kształcenia obu specjalności o otwartość na łączenie metod opracowania bibliotecznego i archiwalnego w stosunku do zbiorów mieszanych. Wskazano także perspektywę dołączenia do tych rozważań doświadczeń metodycznych z zakresu opracowania zbiorów muzealnych.
Pułapki czyhające na badacza polskiej prasy emigracyjnej na obczyźnie w XX i XXI wieku
Authors: Chwastyk-Kowalczyk Jolanta
Published: June 2020

Artykuł omawia trudności, na jakie natrafia badacz polskiej prasy emigracyjnej w Wielkiej Brytanii. Zasadniczym problemem jest niekompletność zbiorów archiwalnych oraz roczników konkretnych tytułów czasopism, brak rzetelnych, holistycznych naukowych opracowań na ten temat, duże rozproszenie zbiorów, często brak dostępu do nich, trudności  w odczytaniu kontekstu politycznego czy społecznego źródeł, nacechowanych proweniencją określonych opcji politycznych, koterii i ugrupowań, konieczność odwo ływania się do pamięci żyjących jeszcze niektórych przedstawicieli pokolenia „niezłomnych” tworzących czasopisma uchodźcze. Za ważną kwestię należy uznać właściwą selekcję materiałów źródłowych.
No one is an island: Iceland and the International Community
Authors: Kristjánsson Jakob Þór
Published: June 2020

The University of Akureyri and Akureyri Academy held the Conference in collaboration with the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. The conference addressed the subject of Iceland in the International Community on a broad basis, featuring a variety of perspectives on the subject from academics, officials and NGOs. The conference was a forum for discussion on the position of Iceland in the International Community, inasmuch as the position, influence and interests of Iceland in international relations are currently and will continue to be important issues.
Monitoring and Evaluation of Health System Strengthening: Iceida’s Development Collaboration in Monkey Bay, Malawi, in 2000-2014
Authors: Gunnlaugsson Geir , Einarsdóttir Jónína
Published: June 2020

The Icelandic International Development Agency (Iceida) supported the health services in the Monkey Bay area in Mangochi district in Malawi in southern Africa in the period 2000-2011. It included construction of physical structures, logistic, training of health staff, and community health activities. One additional feature included support for the national electronic Health Monitoring Information System (HMIS) in place, with extraction and analysis of data generated by the health services in the area. In this paper, the development of the services will be analysed and discussed. Further, difficulties to find appropriate indicators to monitor health services, in Monkey Bay and elsewhere, will be presented and elaborated upon.
The Influence of Institutional Ownership, Profitability and Size of The Company on Debt Policy
Authors: Aziz Ahmad Musthofa , Hendra Ts Kartika , Nurlaela Siti
Published: June 2020

This study discusses institutional ownership, profitability and company size that can influence debt policy. The purpose of this study is (1) To find out whether Institutional Ownership influences the Debt Policy (2) To find out whether Profitability influences the Debt Policy (3) To find out whether Company Size influences the Debt Policy. Research This paper uses a type of research that replicates development. This research includes Explanatory Research. This study took samples from the population using the sampling technique. By using two types of variables, namely Dependent Variable (dependent variable) and independent variable (independent variable). The results of this study are that institutional ownership does not significantly influence debt policy, profitability has a significant effect on debt policy, company size variables have a significant effect on debt policy.
Kijibashik: Turn it Around
Authors: Butsang Tenzin , Matheson Flora , Flores Jerry , Mashford-Pringle Angela
Published: June 2020

Over the last decade, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of incarcerated Indigenous women within Canada’s federal prisons. More than half of these women also identify as single mothers of multiple children, extending the scope of incarceration’s impact across generations. While maternal incarceration has been shown to contribute to a myriad of issues in children, including mental illness and increased mortality, there are few qualitative studies where previously incarcerated Indigenous women have been asked directly about the impact of incarceration on their wellbeing and mothering. This project will utilize a community-based research methodology that centers the voices of previously incarcerated Indigenous mothers by examining the commonalities and distinctions in their lived experiences. We will (1) identify the mental, emotional, spiritual, physical, and relational implications of incarceration for Indigenous mothers, (2) explore Indigenous concepts of motherhood and kinship, (3) identify the unique needs of this population in the criminal justice system, and (4) inform new and existing programs and services directed towards Indigenous mothers involved in the criminal justice system. Semi-structured individual interviews with previously incarcerated Indigenous mothers and Sharing Circles (focus groups) with key stakeholders, including Elders, Healers, and community partners involved in the criminal justice field will form the core knowledge for the project. This project will address a critical gap in public health research concerning the wellbeing of marginalized and incarcerated individuals and contribute significantly to our understanding of the experiences of Indigenous women in the criminal justice system. Through a collaborative partnership with several key Indigenous-centred organizations, the knowledge generated will be used to inform and develop decarceration programming and supports for previously incarcerated Indigenous mothers, establishing concrete measures to reduce the overrepresentation of Indigenous women in the Canadian criminal justice system, now and into the future.
Zika Virus
Authors: Wilson Christy , Lackritz Eve
Published: June 2020

The epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) and its associated complications was first identified in Brazil in 2015, and spread rapidly throughout the Americas and beyond. In response, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared ZIKV infection and associated congenital and neurologic complications a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) in February 2016.  WHO rapidly responded to the outbreak of this emerging pathogen with global coordination of partners, and development of a comprehensive array of resources to guide clinical diagnosis, management, and public health response.

 

Information on ZIKV transmission and disease continued to accumulate after the PHEIC officially ended in November 2016. Consequently, WHO guidance documents produced during the 2015-2016 outbreak were in need of review and update to accurately reflect this growing body of evidence. Furthermore, the rapid accumulation of documents during the emergency response warranted review, collation, and organization of the WHO website for improved accessibility.

 

As part of my internship, all ZIKV guidance documents were reviewed and catalogued. Guidance documents and reports were systematically disseminated to WHO technical leads and tracked to ensure information was updated. The WHO ZIKV website was reorganized to broadly capture all relevant WHO technical resources through a single, organized portal. These activities were a critical component to transform the WHO Zika program from an emergency response to a long-term program, and to ensure dissemination of accurate and up-to-date information to the global health community.

 

This work underscores the critical importance of sustained attention to ZIKV and other emerging pathogens in the inter-epidemic period, when there is the continued need to track transmission, build national capacity for preparedness and response, and advance development of diagnostics and vaccines. Sustained vigilance and investment in these areas is needed to help minimize future outbreaks and improve care for affected patients, families, and communities.
Heroin Abuse among IDU and Local PO Dispensing Levels in Ontario Cities
Authors: White Samantha , Bondy Susan , Firestone Michelle , Rush Brian
Published: June 2020

Background: Amid Ontario’s growing opioid crisis, heroin abuse remains widespread in select urban areas and contributes to a large proportion of opioid overdoses provincially. Compared to prescription opioids (POs), heroin is especially hazardous to abuse since it is illicitly manufactured and frequently consumed by injection. PO abuse can also transition to heroin if access to preferred POs is impacted via diversion, dispensing or prescribing. However, the dynamics between preferences for heroin and local PO saturation (in this case, dispensing) are not well understood.

Methods: Heroin abuse data were gathered from PHAC’s I-Track surveillance system while PO dispensing data were from the Ontario Drug Benefit (ODB) claims database. Using an unmatched repeated cross-sectional design, datasets spanning 2003 to 2011 were merged. The hierarchical structure consisted of individual-level I-Track responses nested within year and again within five city-level (Kingston, London, Sudbury, Thunder Bay and Toronto) dispensing rates. Mixed-effects multilevel logistic regressions were used to examine relationships.

Results: Almost one third (30.5%) of I-Track respondents abused heroin in the previous six months with marked variation by city, from roughly half of Toronto participants (51.0%) to about one in twenty (5.2%) in Thunder Bay. The final multivariate model for heroin abuse contained morphine dispensing (OR=1.04, p=0.011), present age (OR=0.99, p=0.045) and age of first injection (OR=0.97, p≤0.001). That is, considering age and age of first injection, heroin abuse was 4.4% more likely among IDU with each increase in annual morphine dispensing rates in their respective cities.

Implications: The connection between heroin abuse and dispensing rates of chemically similar morphine, but not other POs, reflects a substitution effect for specific opioid types regardless of whether illicit or prescription. Precautions should be taken to prevent heroin abuse and establish harm reduction strategies before expected interference to local dispensing levels of any chemically analogous POs (particularly morphine).
Indigenous Women from the Sixties Scoop Healing Through the Full Moon Ceremony and Storytelling at Winona's Place.
Authors: Kodeeswaran Janani , Campaigne Maggie , Benoit Anita C
Published: June 2020

The Sixties Scoop refers to the policies and practices in Canada from the 1950s to 1980s of forcibly removing Indigenous children from their birth families and communities. Cultural disconnection, loss of identity, and lower social connectedness were outcomes for Sixties Scoop survivors. My project focused on establishing a healing environment at the YWCA Toronto Winona’s Place for Indigenous women who were Sixties Scoop survivors and interested in learning more about the Sixties Scoop. Community-Based Research principles were followed and included working with Indigenous community members. Our project consisted of 8 weekly two-hour healing circles culminating in a Full Moon Ceremony. Through feedback forms and two-hour focus groups, data was collected on the project’s strengths, areas for improvement, and information on resources needed by the women to create a healing environment. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The healing circles and Full Moon Ceremony allowed the women to engage with a Knowledge Carrier and Winona community members, learn about Indigenous teachings and cultures, and work through painful experiences with community members. Although many of the women experienced hardships and trauma, they remained interested in healing and reconnecting to Indigenous cultures. The women shared what they had learned through teachings, how the sessions positively impacted their well-being, how they would apply cultural knowledge into their healing journeys, and offered recommendations on how Winona’s Place could better support them. We demonstrated the significance of Indigenous healing approaches for improving health and well-being among our participants, who have experienced trauma. Cultural connection to Indigeineity is rarely considered, or offered, in mainstream health services. Indigenous healing models and perspectives are important in creating and implementing Indigenous-specific health services and promotion programs. My project hopes to emphasize the importance of decolonizing public health systems and addressing the Calls to Action related to health.
PHONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ON BLENDING AND SEGMENTING FOR EARLY LITERACY OF K-1 AND K-2 CHILDREN IN I CAN READ ENGLISH COURSE IN BANDUNG CITY
Authors: Herlambang Bagus , Supri Ida Zuraida
Published: June 2020

The research deals with blending and segmenting of reading acquisition skills given to the Early Literacy of K-1 and K-2 Children in I Can Read English Course in Bandung City.  The research aims at identifying (1) which skill should be taught first to the students of bilingual school (K1 and K2), blending or segmenting and (2) in using the blending and segmenting, which word divisions (CVC, VCC, CCV) should be taught first to the students of bilingual school (K1-K2). The main data source in this descriptive quantitative research is taken mainly from 38 students of I Can Read English Course  studying in bilingual school of K1 and K2. The research stage consists of following steps: Dividing students into two groups, which will be taught Segmenting-Blending and Blending-Segmenting for ten (10) meetings, providing a list of three word division groups which will be used by the instructor later to test the student
DIGLOSSIA ON NOVEL
Authors: Andini Erin Bella , Simatupang Ervina CM
Published: June 2020

The title of this research is
TYPES AND FUNCTIONS IN MEASURING SUBJECTS OF E-COMMERCE E-MAIL: A PRAGMATICS STUDY
Authors: Wannal Nasstasya Ilona de , Heryono Heri
Published: June 2020

Transaction of e-commerce is often used to refer to selling physical products online, but can also describe all types of commercial transactions that are facilitated through the internet. This study aims to describe the kinds of Speech Actions in the use of Language as the subject of E-Commerce E-Mail and identify the function of speech acts used in the subject of E-Commerce E-Mail. Advertising is manifested in various forms (declarative, interrogative, imperative or a combination thereof), but all of which state the request or function invite to do something. This is in accordance with the nature of advertising that is persuasive. Then, the variety of languages used is business variety, as well in general, advertisements are presented with simple language and sufficient style interesting, which among others looks at aspects of typography, poetic expressions, and use of repetitive. The method used in this study is a descriptive method. The researcher collects data containing Speech Acts on E-Mail E-Commerce, classifies data according to its type, analyzes data, then draws conclusions from the results of the study. The results of the study show that: (1) there are 4 types of speech acts found in this study, which are locutionary, illocutionary, perlocutionary and combinations and (2) speech act functions found in the analysis are dominated by representative functions.
THE ENDEAVOUR OF LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE (A CASE STUDY EXPERIENCED BY AN INDONESIAN IMIGRANT IN NORWAY)
Authors: Zakiyah Fathimah Nuruz , Gunawan Hero
Published: June 2020

This research discusses language maintenance experienced by an Indonesian immigrant in Norway. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method by using two instruments: interview and questionnaire. Two types of questions are used in the instrument, i.e. close-ended and open-ended ones. The objective of this research is to explain what kinds of activities as the endeavor of the immigrant in maintaining his native language (Indonesian). The result indicates that the activities conducted by the immigrant as the effort to maintain his native language (Indonesian) cover: 1) Joining the community of Indonesian immigrant in which he can do many activities like gathering together, having meals and travelling together, and discussing various topics including religious ones, 2) periodically-homecoming through which he can visit his family, relatives and friends such as during the Idul Fitri Holiday, 3) communicating with the family (once a week) in Indonesia through telephone or any other media like skype (video call) and facetime, even almost every day if using messaging app infacebook messenger, 4) listening to Indonesian songs, 5) watching Indonesian films, 6) looking for Indonesian news, 7) utilizing social media such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Path and Snapchat as communication media with his friends in Indonesia.
The Epistemic Injustice Expressed in “Normalizing” Surgery on Children with Intersex Traits
Authors: Ziemińska Renata
Published: June 2020

I present the notion of epistemic injustice coined by Miranda Fricker and apply it to the situation of people with intersex traits, especially intersex children who are the subjects of “normalizing” surgery. Several studies from Polish hospitals show that both early “normalizing” surgery and the decision to postpone such surgery can result in harm to an intersex child. For this reason, I claim that “normalizing” surgery is only an expression of the epistemic hermeneutical injustice existing before the surgery and that its source is the lack of an empirically adequate notion of sex characteristics. The binary notion is too simple to grasp intersex traits, and this epistemic dysfunction turns into practical harm. In contrast to Morgan Carpenter, I defend the nonbinary gender category as being important to limiting “normalizing” surgery.
Hume and the Art of Theological Lying
Authors: Hartl Péter
Published: June 2020

This paper critically examines David Berman's theological lying interpretation of Hume and identifies two types of theological lying: the denial of atheism strategy and the pious Christian strategy. It is argued that neither reading successfully establishes an atheist interpretation of Hume. Moreover, circumstantial evidence shows that Hume's position was different from that of the atheists of his time. Attributions theological lying to Hume, therefore, are unwarranted and should be rejected, even if we grant that this literary technique was used in the early-modern era. Analysing other non-theistic readings of Hume is beyond the scope of this paper. However, given that Berman presents one of most elaborated atheist reinterpretations of Hume's affirmative theistic passages, the failure of Berman's analysis shows that rejecting these passages should not be the default interpretive approach, and it is reasonable to attribute to Hume a weak, indeterminate theism.
KLİNİK KARAR DESTEK SİSTEMLERİNİN HEMŞİRELİKTE KULLANIMI
Authors: ÇİRİŞ YILDIZ Cennet , BAŞIBÜYÜK Meryem , YILDIRIM Dilek
Published: June 2020

Klinik karar destek sistemleri, klinisyenlere klinik karar almaya yardımcı olmak için hastaya özgü değerlendirmeler veya öneriler sunan bilgisayar ya da kâğıt temelli sistemlerdir. Günümüzde insanlar tarafından başka şekilde elde edilemeyen veya yorumlanamayan verilerden ve gözlemlerden faydalanma kabiliyetine sahip nitelikler eklenerek daha da geliştirilmiştir. Özellikle sağlıkta klinik karar destek sistemlerinin kullanımına ilişkin sınırlı kaynak olsa da örnekler, meydana gelebilecek olumsuz olayları ya da hataları azaltacağı yönündedir. Bu derlemede; hemşirelik kararlarının kanıta dayalı bilgi ile birleştirilerek uygulamada kullanımını sağlayan klinik karar destek sistemlerinin avantajları, dezavantajları, kullanım alanları ve kullanımını etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Sağlıkta, tanılama, alarm sistemleri, hastalık yönetimi, reçete ve ilaç kontrolü gibi amaçlarla geliştirilmiş bilgisayarlı hatırlatıcılar, dokümantasyon şablonları ve klinik iş akışı araçları mevcuttur. Karar destek sistemleri hemşireler tarafından bilgilerin kaydedilmesi, hastalık seyrinin izlenmesi, bakım ile ilgili hatırlatmalarda ve daha önce alınmış olan kararların teyit edilmesi gibi çeşitli şekillerde kullanılmıştır. Yapılan araştırmalar, hemşirelerin bilgi ve deneyimi, teknoloji sisteminin özellikleri ve örgütsel faktörler gibi çeşitli faktörlerin klinik karar destek sisteminin kullanılma şeklini etkileyebileceğini göstermiştir. Klinik karar destek sistemlerinin kullanımı hemşirenin karar vermesini kolaylaştırma, tıbbi hataları ve ilaç hata sayısını azaltma, bilgiye erişimi artırma, bakım kalitesinde tutarlığın sağlanması ve özgüveni artırma gibi faydaların yanı sıra hemşirelikte kanıta dayalı uygulamayı teşvik ettiği belirlenmiştir..
COVID-19 and Trade in Africa: Impacts and Policy Response
Authors: Kassa Woubet
Published: June 2020

Measures to curtail the spread of COVID-19 have led to a sharp contraction of the global economy and an even larger decline in trade, with significant implications on the livelihoods of people in Africa. Despite the relatively low number of cases, the region’s economy would be hard hit due to its high reliance on trade, heavy dependence on commodities, a fragile food system, and limited fiscal capacity to respond. This reinforces the region’s inherent vulnerabilities, posing risks of wiping out the gains made in poverty reduction. The response calls for a regional and global coordination to scale up safety nets, facilitate flow of essential goods and ease the region’s debt burden to free some fiscal space. As they chart their operations, beyond the pandemic, countries should reconsider their industrial policies and firms need to rethink their strategies to address emerging uncertainties.
Analytical procedures of activity of car service enterprises
Authors: Olga Bunda , Katerina Farenyuk
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the article is to carry out analytical procedures of the activityof car service companies. research methodology is to use a set of methods:statistical, comparative; calculating the magnitude of deviations by years; methodsof analysis of coefficients; summarizing the results. the scientific novelty of thework is to improve the analytical procedures of the activity of car servicecompanies. conclusions. Carrying out analytical procedures of the activity of carservice companies, on the example of “TLA Chernihiv” LLC, showed that thistype of activity in Ukraine is extremely promising. In order to increase theefficiency of its activity the car service company needs: high quality of completedworks; high level of professionalism of employees; good condition of the premises,tools, appearance of staff and territory; significant complexity of the servicesprovided.
Problems of re-orientation of foreign trade activities of Ukraine
Authors: Larysa Hromozdova , Yana Derbenova , Olena Ablova , Viktoriia Ilchenko , Oksana Yurchenko
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the article is to study the dynamics of Ukraine’s export-importoperations with EU and CIS countries and to identify the weaknesses of industriesthat have difficulty reorienting exports. The object of the study is export-importactivity of Ukraine. The subject of the research is the problem of reorientationof export of some industries of Ukraine from the lost CIS markets to the EUcountries. the methodological bases of the research are dialectical methods ofscientific knowledge, systematic approach; the study used the work of foreign andlocal experts on international economic relations between Ukraine and the EU.The methods of scientific comparative analysis, general scientific methods oftheoretical, empirical research and method of expert evaluation were used. thescientific novelty of the article is that for the first time the data on the analysisof export-import operations of Ukraine with the EU and CIS countries, theircomparative characteristics, including by industry, are given. conclusions. Theissue of reorientation of Ukraine’s exports by sectors is considered, the industries that have been most adapted to the change in the vector of Ukraine’s foreigneconomic priorities have been identified. It has been found that the export ofhigh-tech industries is experiencing the greatest difficulties due to the loss ofsome CIS markets and the need for significant investments to adapt to the highEU standards.
An Integrated World Modeling Theory (IWMT) of Consciousness: Combining Integrated Information and Global Neuronal Workspace Theories With the Free Energy Principle and Active Inference Framework; Toward Solving the Hard Problem and Characterizing Agentic Causation
Authors: Safron Adam
Published: June 2020

The Free Energy Principle and Active Inference Framework (FEP-AI) begins with the understanding that persisting systems must regulate environmental exchanges and prevent entropic accumulation. In FEP-AI, minds and brains are predictive controllers for autonomous systems, where action-driven perception is realized as probabilistic inference. Integrated Information Theory (IIT) begins with considering the preconditions for a system to intrinsically exist, as well as axioms regarding the nature of consciousness. IIT has produced controversy because of its surprising entailments: quasi-panpsychism; subjectivity without referents or dynamics; and the possibility of fully-intelligent-yet-unconscious brain simulations. Here, I describe how these controversies might be resolved by integrating IIT with FEP-AI, where integrated information only entails consciousness for systems with perspectival reference frames capable of generating models with spatial, temporal, and causal coherence for self and world. Without that connection with external reality, systems could have arbitrarily high amounts of integrated information, but nonetheless would not entail subjective experience. I further describe how an integration of these frameworks may contribute to their evolution as unified systems theories and models of emergent causation. Then, inspired by both Global Neuronal Workspace Theory (GNWT) and the Harmonic Brain Modes framework, I describe how streams of consciousness may emerge as an evolving generation of sensorimotor predictions, with the precise composition of experiences depending on the integration abilities of synchronous complexes as self-organizing harmonic modes (SOHMs). These integrating dynamics may be particularly likely to occur via richly connected subnetworks affording body-centric sources of phenomenal binding and executive control. Along these connectivity backbones, SOHMs are proposed to implement turbo coding via loopy message-passing over predictive (autoencoding) networks, thus generating maximum a posteriori estimates as coherent vectors governing neural evolution, with alpha frequencies generating basic awareness, and cross-frequency phase-coupling within theta frequencies for access consciousness and volitional control. These dynamic cores of integrated information also function as global workspaces, centered on posterior cortices, but capable of being entrained with frontal cortices and interoceptive hierarchies, thus affording agentic causation. Integrated World Modeling Theory (IWMT) represents a synthetic approach to understanding minds that reveals compatibility between leading theories of consciousness, thus enabling inferential synergy.
Comparison of the Vertical Force Distribution in the Paws of Dogs with Coxarthrosis and Sound Dogs Walking over a Pressure Plate
Authors: Moreira Jane P. L. , Tichy Alexander , Bockstahler Barbara
Published: June 2020

In the present study, we used a pressure plate to investigate the ground reaction forces of limbs and the vertical force distribution (VFD) within the paws of dogs with coxarthrosis. We included 23 sound dogs (GSou) and 23 dogs with hip osteoarthrosis (GCox). The dogs walked over a pressure plate and the peak vertical force (PFz), vertical impulse (IFz) as the percentage of the total force, and time of occurrence of PFz as a percent of the stance phase duration (TPFz%) were evaluated, as well for the entire limb as in the paws (where the paws were divided into four quadrants). The GCox presented a lower PFz% in the lame hind limb than in others and transferred the weight to the caudal quadrants of the front limbs. IFz% was lower in the lame limb and was counterbalanced through higher loading of the caudal quadrants in all unaffected limbs. TPFz% was reached later in the lame limb than in the contralateral limb and the GSou, specifically in the caudomedial quadrant. In conclusion, we found complex compensatory effects of lameness in the hind limb, and this methodology was useful to define the VFD within the paws of dogs.
Microbial Community and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Mapping in the Intestinal Tract of Quail
Authors: Du Xizhong , Xiang Yun , Lou Fangfang , Tu Pingguang , Zhang Xiaojun , Hu Xujin , Lyu Wentao , Xiao Yingping
Published: June 2020

Quail is raised throughout China for egg and meat production. To deeply understand the gastrointestinal microbial composition and metabolites of quail, the present study characterized the microbiota inhabiting five intestinal locations of eight-week-old quail using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR, and evaluated the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in each individual location using gas chromatography. The results showed that Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Deferribacteres were the five most abundant phyla in the intestinal tract of quail. Firmicutes was largely dominant (>95%) in the small intestine, whereas Bacteroidetes increased significantly in the cecum (19.19%) and colorectum (8.09%). At the genus level, Lactobacillus was predominant in almost all sections (>50%) except in the cecum (7.26%), where Megamonas, Faecalibacterium, and Bacteroides were dominant. qPCR data indicated that the population sizes of both the total bacteria and proportions of the Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Bacteroides group increased going from the proximal toward the distal end of the intestine in quail. The SCFA-producing bacterial genera Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, Blautia, Parabacteroides, and Clostridium were of higher richness in the cecum and colorectum, where, accordingly, more SCFAs were produced. These findings will be helpful for the future study of quail microbiology, as well as its relationship with productive performance and health.
Acoustic Emission Monitoring of the Turin Cathedral Bell Tower: Foreshock and Aftershock Discrimination
Authors: Manuello Bertetto Amedeo , Masera Davide , Carpinteri Alberto
Published: June 2020

Historical churches, tall ancient masonry buildings, and bell towers are structures subjected to high risks due to their age, elevation, and small base-area-to-height ratio. In this paper, the results of an innovative monitoring technique for structural integrity assessment applied to a historical bell tower are reported. The emblematic case study of the monitoring of the Turin Cathedral bell tower (northwest Italy) is herein presented. First of all, the damage evolution in a portion of the structure localized in the lower levels of the tall masonry building is described by the evaluation of the cumulative number of acoustic emissions (AEs) and by different parameters able to predict the time dependence of the damage development, in addition to the 3D localization of the AE sources. The b-value analysis shows a decreasing trend down to values compatible with the growth of localized micro and macro-cracks in the portion of the structure close to the base of the tower. These results seem to be in good agreement with the static and dynamic analysis performed numerically by an accurate FEM (finite element model). Similar results were also obtained during the application of the AE monitoring to the wooden frame sustaining the bells in the tower cell. Finally, a statistical analysis based on the average values of the b-value are carried out at the scale of the monument and at the seismic regional scale. In particular, according to recent studies, a comparison between the b-value obtained by AE signal analysis and the regional activity is proposed in order to correlate the AE detected on the structure to the seismic activity, discriminating foreshock, and aftershock intervals in the analyzed time series.
Analysis of a Wake-Up Task-Based Mobile Alarm App
Authors: Oh Kyue Taek , Shin Jaemyung , Kim Jaejeung , Ko Minsam
Published: June 2020

The latest mobile alarm apps provide wake-up tasks (e.g., solving math problems) to dismiss the alarm, and many users willingly accept such an inconvenience in return for successfully waking up on time. However, there have been no studies that investigate how the wake-up tasks are used and their effects from a human–computer interaction perspective. This study aims to deepen our understanding of how users engage and utilize the task-based alarm app by (1) examining the characteristics of different wake-up tasks and (2) extracting usage factors of hard tasks which involve physical or cognitive task loads over a certain level. We developed and deployed Alarmy, which is a task-based mobile alarm app with four wake-up task features: touching a button, taking a picture, shaking the device, and solving math problems. We collected 42.9 million in situ usage data from 211,273 US users for five months. Their alarm app usage behaviors were measured in two folds: eight alarm-set variables and five alarm-dismiss variables. Our statistical test results reveal the significant differences in alarm usage behaviors depending on the wake-up task, and the multiple regression analysis results show key usage patterns that affect the frequent uses of hard tasks, which are late alarm hours, many snoozes, and relatively more use on weekends. Our study results provide theoretical implications on behavior change as well as practical implications for designing task-based mobile alarm.
BCMA-Targeting Therapy: Driving a New Era of Immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Cho Shih-Feng , Lin Liang , Xing Lijie , Li Yuyin , Yu Tengteng , Anderson Kenneth C , Tai Yu-Tzu
Published: June 2020

The treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) has entered into a new era of immunotherapy. Novel immunotherapies will significantly improve patient outcome via simultaneously targeting malignant plasma cell (PC) and reversing immunocompromised bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), selectively expressed in PCs and a key receptor for A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), is highly expressed in MM cells from patients at all stages. The APRIL/BCMA signal cascades promote the survival and drug resistance of MM cells and further modulate immunosuppressive BM milieu. Impressively, anti-BCMA immunotherapeutic reagents, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) and bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) have all shown high response rates in their first clinical trials in relapse and refractory patients with very limited treatment options. These results rapidly inspired numerous development of next-generation anti-BCMA biotherapeutics, i.e., bispecific molecule, bispecific or trispecific antibodies, a novel form of CAR T/NK cells and T Cell Antigen Coupler (TAC) receptors, antibody-coupled T cell receptor (ACTR) as well as a cancer vaccine. We here highlight seminal preclinical and clinical studies on novel BCMA-based immunotherapies as effective monotherapy and discuss their potential in combination with current anti-MM and novel checkpoint drugs in earlier disease stages to further achieve durable responses in patients.
Nuclear Receptor Binding Protein 2 Is Downregulated in Medulloblastoma, and Reduces Tumor Cell Survival upon Overexpression
Authors: Xiong Anqi , Roy Ananya , Spyrou Argyris , Weishaupt Holger , Marinescu Voichita D. , Olofsson Tommie , Hermanson Ola , Swartling Fredrik J. , Forsberg-Nilsson Karin
Published: June 2020

Pseudokinases, comprising 10% of the human kinome, are emerging as regulators of canonical kinases and their functions are starting to be defined. We previously identified the pseudokinase Nuclear Receptor Binding Protein 2 (NRBP2) in a screen for genes regulated during neural differentiation. During mouse brain development, NRBP2 is expressed in the cerebellum, and in the adult brain, mainly confined to specific neuronal populations. To study the role of NRBP2 in brain tumors, we stained a brain tumor tissue array for NRPB2, and find its expression to be low, or absent, in a majority of the tumors. This includes medulloblastoma (MB), a pediatric tumor of the cerebellum. Using database mining of published MB data sets, we also find that NRBP2 is expressed at a lower level in MB than in the normal cerebellum. Recent studies indicate that MB exhibits frequent epigenetic alternations and we therefore treated MB cell lines with drugs inhibiting DNA methylation or histone deacetylation, which leads to an upregulation of NRBP2 mRNA expression, showing that it is under epigenetic regulation in cultured MB cells. Furthermore, forced overexpression of NRBP2 in MB cell lines causes a dramatic decrease in cell numbers, increased cell death, impaired cell migration and inhibited cell invasion in vitro. Taken together, our data indicate that downregulation of NRBP2 may be a feature by which MB cells escape growth regulation.