bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimativa da viabilidade de sementes de Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG-4 utilizando o teste do pH do exsudato
Authors: Silva Felipe Souza da , Nunes Gabrielly Souza , Codognoto Luciane da Cunha , Conde Thassiane Telles
Published: April 2022

As forrageiras desempenham papel primordial na obtenção de produtos de alto valor biológico no Brasil. Diante disso, tem-se destaque o gênero Brachiaria (sinonímia Urochloa) por sua rusticidade e adaptação ao clima e solo naturais. Porém, a espécie apresenta dificuldade de germinar tanto em campo, como em laboratório, devido à dormência, afetando na uniformidade da pastagem. Os testes comumente utilizados para determinar a viabilidade da semente apresentam algumas inconveniências, como prolongado período de execução. Diante disso, os testes rápidos destacam-se pela celeridade no processo, para posterior descarte de lotes de qualidade inferior. Desse modo, o objetivo da pesquisa é analisar a eficiência do teste do pH do exsudato-fenolftaleína para sementes de Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG-4. O trabalho seguiu delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, sendo dois lotes de sementes (escarificada e íntegra) e cinco tempos de embebição (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 minutos), com quatro repetições. O teste evidenciou que sementes íntegras tiveram maior viabilidade, com 98,40% de sementes capazes de originar plântulas normais. Os tempos de embebição de sementes para o teste mostrou que com o aumento do período se tem perda de aproximadamente 8,51% de viabilidade. Para a espécie em estudo, o tempo de embebição 0 minutos (testemunha) permitiu identificar maior número de sementes viáveis, em relação aos demais tempos. O teste do pH do exsudato-fenolftaleína é eficiente em estimar a viabilidade das sementes íntegras de Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG-4. O tratamento de sementes com ácido sulfúrico prejudicou o teste de viabilidade de sementes.
Diagnosis of the nutritional status of coffee tree according to fruit phenology
Authors: Silva Carlos Diego da , Silva Luis Fernando Vieira da , Barbosa Guilherme Mateus Dias , Franco Marcos Fabian Sanabria , Delgado Enrique Ulises Arceda , Fariña Pedro Ruben Viera , Aquino Leonardo Angelo de
Published: April 2022

The appropriate time for leaf collection to evaluate the nutritional status of the coffee tree should be carried out when the nutrient is in higher levels in the leaves, which may vary according to the phenological stage of the fruits. Macro and micronutrients do not show the same pattern regarding the period of highest leaf content. Therefore, it is coherent to define different times of leaf collection for each nutrient. The objective of this study was to verify the most suitable times for collecting leaves to evaluate the nutritional status of coffee plants based on the phenological development of coffee fruits. The experiment was carried out in a commercial field, in which six coffee cultivars were used (Acauã Novo, Bourbon Amarelo, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144, Catucaí 20/15, IAC 125 RN and IPR 100). The collections were carried out in four phenological phases of coffee fruit development (floral bud maturation, chumbinho, fruit expansion, and fruit granulation). The periods with the highest concentrations varied based on the phenological stages of the fruits, and differences in concentrations were also observed between the cultivars examined. The highest zinc concentration in the leaves was observed in the maturation phase of the floral bud. Foliar collection for the diagnosis of the nutritional state of the coffee plant should be done for each nutrient based on the phenology of the fruits.
Internações hospitalares por gastroenterites em uma capital da Amazônia Ocidental: um panorama epidemiológico
Authors: Souza Daniele Silva de , Silva Diônatan Álisson da , Santos Ivonete Ferreira , Orfão Nathalia Halax
Published: April 2022

As internações hospitalares por gastroenterites se caracterizam por condições evitáveis, sensíveis e tratáveis da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Analisar a prevalência de internações hospitalares por gastroenterite em uma capital da Amazônia Ocidental. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, realizado de forma transversal e abordagem quantitativa no município de Porto Velho, Rondônia, a partir do levantamento das variáveis (idade, sexo, raça/cor, estabelecimento de saúde, caráter de atendimento, ano de atendimento e média de permanência de internação) de crianças menores de 4 anos de idade no Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS), no período entre 2010 a 2020. Posteriormente, foi realizada análise estatística descritiva dos resultados no programa Microsoft Excel. Houve 2.045 registros de internações por gastroenterites em Porto Velho, das quais a maioria era de 1 a 4 anos (67,3%) e, independentemente da faixa etária era do sexo masculino (54,9%), raça/cor parda (83,5%), com atendimento realizado no Hospital Infantil (92,9%) em caráter de urgência (99,8%), com diminuição dos atendimentos e aumento na média do tempo de permanência de internação. Diante destes achados, é essencial refletir sobre o planejamento, desenvolvimento e efetividade de medidas preventivas e estratégias de intervenção sustentáveis para o controle das gastroenterites.
ADAKAH NIAT MAHASISWA UNTUK BERWIRAUSAHA? (Studi Empirik pada Mahasiswa Universitas YARSI)
Authors: Deviastri Lily , Sekarsari Meidiati
Published: April 2022

Drawing the theory of planned behavior, the main objective of this study was to identify the students’ entrepreneurial intentions using double linear regression test. The sample of this study consisted of total 281 undergraduate students, divided into two categories, the economics faculty and non – economics faculty. The result shows that among three variables – subjective norms, attitude towards entrepreneurship, and perceived behavioral control- subjective norms is the strongest predictor of intentions within the economics students, while among the non – economics students, attitude is the strongest. However, the research revealed that all of the variables have a positive and significance influence on entrepreneurial intentions both for the economics and non-economics students. Despite its limitation, this study wishes to make contribution and implication to the literature of entrepreneurship. This study might help students and universities to take action in improving entrepreneurial intentions
Keterlibatan Variabel Gaya Belajar Dalam Mempengaruhi Hubungan Motivasi Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa
Authors: Novesar Muhammad Refki
Published: April 2022

The process of knowledge transfer in the world of higher education, with the existence of an independent campus, where students must be more active, it becomes one of the factors students can maximize all abilities to get the best results, by creating motivation and maximizing learning styles. This study uses three variables, namely the independent variable is learning motivation, the dependent variable is learning outcomes, and the intervening variable is learning. This research uses path technique analysis, in order to influence directly and indirectly. With the object of research are active students. The results show that partially, learning motivation and learning styles have a significant influence on student learning outcomes, and in the direct and indirect effects they have, the results show that the indirect effect is better, in other words, learning motivation influences learning outcomes through intervention. by the learning style variable, gives better results
Pengaruh Locus of Control Terhadap Prestasi Akademik Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Yarsi
Authors: Refki Novesar Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh antara locus of control terhadap prestasi akademik pada mahasiswa FEB Universitas YARSI. Prestasi akademik merupakan alat ukur akan hasil aktivitas belajar yang di laksanakan oleh mahasiswa, dan locus of control merupakan keyakinan seseorang atau mahasiswa terhadap nasib yang diterimanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan desain penelitian asosiatif. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah 83 mahasiswa aktif FEB Universitas YARSI, dengan simple random sampling digunakan dalam pemilihan sampel. Data dianalisi dengan menggunakan teknik analisis regresi pada aplikasi SPSS.  Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan analisis hubungan antar variabel menunjukan adanya pengaruh locus of control secara signifikan terhadap prestasi akademik. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan lebih besarnya hasil signifikansi sebesar 0,003 (p lebih kecil dari 0,05). dan dengan nilai r square sebesar 0,344.  Sumbangsih locus of control terhadap prestasi akademik sebesar 34.4%. Yang memberikan arti dengan semakin yakinnya mahasiswa atas apa yang terjadi dalam dirinya, akan mempengaruhi prestasi akademik yang didapatkan setiap mahasiswa
Anosmia Pada Era Pandemi
Authors: Junus Eufrata , Pingkan Sigit Wulan , Wardhana Arroyan
Published: April 2022

Anosmia adalah ketidakmampuan untuk merasakan bau atau aroma. Ini bisa bersifat sementara atau permanen dan didapat atau bawaan. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah penyumbatan mekanis yang mencegah bau mencapai saraf penciuman dapat menyebabkan hilangnya indra penciuman. Penyumbatan ini bisa disebabkan oleh proses inflamasi seperti infeksi sederhana yang menyebabkan sumbatan lendir atau polip hidung. Pada era pandemi virus Covid-19, virus ini memiliki kecenderungan untuk menginvasi saraf olfaktorius yang merupakan portal masuk virus tersebut atau melalui transmisi transneural dari infeksi sistem saraf pusat menuju sistem saraf perifer. Seperempat dari pasien Covid-19 yang dirawat melaporkan gangguan pada indra penciuman mereka, yang mungkin terkait dengan invasi saraf olfaktorius
Perbandingan Gambaran Ultrasonography Gray Scale dan Doppler Parenkim Hepar Berdasarkan Scoring System dengan Pemeriksaan Fibroscan pada Pasien Hepatitis B Kronik
Authors: Alam Nur , Asriyani Sri , Murtala Bachtiar , Latief Nikmatia , Bahar Burhanuddin , As Daud Nu’man
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi ultrasonography gray scale (USG) dengan doppler parenkim hati berdasarkan sistem skoring dengan pemeriksaan fibro scan pada pasien hepatitis B kronik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi potong lintang. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Bagian Radiologi RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar pada bulan Juli sampai Desember 2020. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh penderita virus hepatitis B kronik yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Sampel penelitian ini dilakukan pemeriksaan morfologi dan hemodinamik hati dan limpa menggunakan USG Trans abdominal, dilanjutkan dengan penentuan derajat fibrosis berdasarkan Transient Elastography. Data dianalisis secara statistik melalui uji korelasi Spearman jika nilai P lebih kecil dari 0,05. Penelitian ini melibatkan 32 orang, 22 laki-laki (68,8%) dengan rentang usia 25-64 tahun pada penderita virus hepatitis B kronis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan korelasi yang kuat berdasarkan morfologi USG adalah echoparenkim (p value 0,0001, r value 0,793). Permukaan hati (p value 0,010, r value 0,450), ukuran limpa (p value 0,009, r value 0,452), berkorelasi sedang, sedangkan sudut jantung (p value 0,041, r value 0,363) memiliki hubungan yang lemah korelasi. Diameter vena hepatik dan rerata Portal Vein Velocity (PVV) tidak memiliki korelasi yang signifikan dengan Transient Elastography. Penilaian USG memiliki korelasi yang kuat (p value 0,0001, r value 0,729) dengan derajat fibrosis berdasarkan Transient Elastography
IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS AND SYMPTOMS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ON ELDERLY IN NURSING HOME ‘X’ PEKANBARU
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, University of Riau Indonesia, Adhia Dinda , Qalbi Khairatul ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Riau Indonesia, Fannissa Kintan A ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Riau Indonesia, Marindra Fajri ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Riau Indonesia
Published: April 2022

Background: At this time, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is still a world health problem, CKD is usually undetected until it reaches the severe or terminal stage. CKD ranks 16th as a cause of death worldwide. Nationally, CKD has been the second largest expense following heart disease. This study was conducted to identify the symptoms and risk factors for chronic kidney disease in the elderly in social care institutions who are the population at risk. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 38 elderly people aged ≥60 years who are residents of nursing home 'X'. The residents of the nursing home who met the criteria of inclusion were interviewed and identified the risk factors and symptoms of CKD by conducting interviews using the available questionnaires and physical examination. Data were collected and presented in frequency distribution table. Results: from 38 respondents, 15 respondents had history of hypertension, 10 respondents had a history of diabetes mellitus, 16 respondents had history of smoking, 8 with history of NSAIDS use, and no one has history of kidney disease. The highest count of risk factor was found in 1 respondent (2.6%), meanwhile respondent with 1 and 2 risk factors was found in 11 respondents (28.9%). The most frequent symptom of CKD that appeared among respondents was decreased libido which 26 respondents experienced every day and the rarest symptom of kidney disease that appeared among respondents were restless legs which 35 respondents have never experienced. Conclusion: Almost every respondent had risk factor/s of CKD with the most frequent distribution of risk factor is 1-2 risk factor/s in one respondent and the most frequent symptom among respondents is impotence/decreased libido.
HEMORRHAGIC STROKE PROFILE ON SALATIGA REGIONAL PUBLIC HOSPITAL PATIENTS
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, Duta Wacana Christian University, Yogyakarta Indonesia, Garudadwiputra Ian A , Silalahi Lothar M M V ,   Faculty of Medicine, Duta Wacana Christian University, Yogyakarta Indonesia, Manus Widya C ,   Faculty of Medicine, Duta Wacana Christian University, Yogyakarta Indonesia
Published: April 2022

Introduction: There is an increasing number of new hemorrhagic stroke cases from 2017 to 2018 on The Province of Central Java and Salatiga. A study of demographics, laboratory examination, radiology, outcome, risk factor, and clinical presentation on hemorrhagic stroke patients are rarely done at Salatiga Regional Public Hospital. Objectives: This study aims to describe the hemorrhagic stroke profile on Salatiga Regional Public Hospital patients. Materials and Methods: Hemorrhagic stroke inpatient of Salatiga Regional Public Hospital in the period between October 2018 and October 2019 is studied. Demographic, laboratory examination, radiology, outcome, risk factor, and clinical presentation data are reported. Results: From a total of 192 data gathered, 120 meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 47,5% male and 52,5% female with highest age range (55-64) 33%. The majority of patients came from outside of Salatiga city 71,7%. Patients with blood pressure classification stage 1 11,7%; stage 2 80%. Laboratory examination data shows 52,5% high leucocyte count; normal thrombocyte count; normal lymphocyte count; normal monocyte count; 72,5% high neutrophil count; 71,7% high Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio; 89,2% high ureum level; normal creatine serum; 80% not at risk based on eGFR. Types of hemorrhages are ICH, IVH, and SAH with percentages 68,7%; 25,3%; 6% respectively. Basal Ganglia (48,1%) are the most common location for ICH and lateral ventricle (61,9%) are the highest for IVH. Clinical presentation for GCS (14-15) are the highest 58%. Patients with mortality are dominant in males with mean age 59,61 (year); followed by high counts of leucocyte, neutrophil, NLR, and ureum. Conclusion: Hemorrhagic stroke patients at Salatiga Regional Public Hospital are mainly female with the age range of 55-64 are the highest, came from outside of Salatiga city. The most frequent risk factor is hypertension. Most patients have GCS of 14-15 and stage 2 blood pressure classification. Most of the patient have leucocytosis, neutrophillia, high NLR and ureum level. ICH is the highest stroke subtype with the most frequent location of basal ganglia. More patients with good outcomes compared with a bad outcome.
Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan Dalam Pernikahan Pariban
Authors: Padang Roh Cahaya , Lase Formas Juitan
Published: April 2022

Abstract

This article discusses violence against women in Pariban marriages. Pariban marriages are cousins' marriages that are the only legal ones. This Pariban marriage is also known as a harmonious marriage in Batak culture. Does this research try to explore whether there is violence in Pariban marriages? Then, what are the characteristics of the violence occurring in Pariban marriages, especially in Pasir Tengah village, Dairi Regency? To answer this question, the researcher used the critical ethnographic method developed by Creswell. In addition, this study also uses Pierre Bourdieu's theory and WHO's concept of interpersonal violence and interpersonal communication. Then in the results of this study, the researcher found that there was violence against women who were married to Pariban. The characteristics of violence experienced are four forms of violence, namely physical violence, psychological violence, economic violence and sexual violence.

Keywords: Critical Ethnography, Women's Violence, Pariban Marriage, Pierre Bourdieu

 

Abstrak

Artikel ini membahas kekerasan terhadap perempuan dalam pernikahan Pariban. Pernikahan Pariban merupakan pernikahan sepupu yang satu-satunya sah di mata hukum. Pernikahan pariban ini juga dikenal sebagai pernikahan yang harmonis di budaya Batak. Penelitian ini mencoba menelusuri kekerasan dalam pernikahan pariban sekaligus mengkarateristikkan karakteristik kekerasan dalam pernikahan Pariban terkhususnya di desa Pasir Tengah, Kabupaten Dairi. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, maka peneliti menggunakan metode etnografi kritis yang dikembangkan oleh Jhon Creswell. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menggunakan teori Pierre Bourdieu dan konsep kekerasan antar pribadi dari WHO dan komunikasi interpersonal. Kemudian pada hasil penelitian ini, peneliti menemukan bahwa adanya kekerasan terhadap perempuan yang menikah dengan pariban. Karakteristik kekerasan yang dialami terdapat empat bentuk kekerasan, yaitu kekerasan fisik, kekerasan psikis, kekerasan ekonomi dan kekerasan seksual.

Kata Kunci: Etnografi Kritis, Kekerasan Perempuan, Pernikahan Pariban, Pierre Bourdieu
Percutaneous Nephrostomy Insertion Training: An Overview
Authors: Reid Ujani Jahvani , Maruszewski Daniel , Young Matthew , Biyani Chandra Shekhar , Khan Atif
Published: April 2022

Percutaneous nephrostomy insertion is a technique performed by an interventional radiologist or a urologist for an acutely or long-standing obstructed urinary tract. Mastering the technique involves overcoming a steep learning curve. Various methods of training have been developed over the years to facilitate learning. These vary from simple physical models, such as biological or non-biological practice phantoms, to more sophisticated virtual reality sets, which allow for a more lifelike learning environment by replicating factors such as kidney movement caused by breathing. The authors discuss the pros and cons of different practice models and the challenges that trainees face on their journey to becoming competent at performing nephrostomies. They also propose their recommendations based on the experience of trainees in their institution.
HEMŞİRELİK ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN ÖZNEL SIKINTILARINI AÇMA DÜZEYLERİ İLE SOSYAL DESTEK DÜZEYLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
Authors: ALTAN SARIKAYA Nihan , OSMAN Birgül , EROL Damla
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışmada, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin günlük olarak deneyimledikleri hoş olmayan olaylar karşısındaki bireysel sıkıntılarını açma eğilimleri ile algıladıkları sosyal destek düzeylerinin ve bu değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kesitsel ve ilişki arayıcı tipte olan bu araştırma bir devlet üniversitesinde okuyan 386 hemşirelik öğrencisi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde istatistiksel yöntemlerden ortalama, standart sapma, yüzde, mod, medyan kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmede Spearman korelasyon analizi uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel anlamlılık sınır değeri p<0.05 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin öznel sıkıntıları açma ölçeği puan ortancası 41.00, çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek ölçeği puan ortancası 63.00 olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışmada hemşirelik öğrencilerinin öznel sıkıntılarını açma eğilimleri ile sosyal destek algıları arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Bioprospecting Kluyveromyces marxianus as a Robust Host for Industrial Biotechnology
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Ji Liyun , Xu Yirong , Xu Shuo , Lin Yuping , Iqbal Hafiz M. N. , Cheng Hairong
Published: April 2022

Kluyveromyces marxianusis an emerging non-conventional food-grade yeast that is generally isolated from diverse habitats, like kefir grain, fermented dairy products, sugar industry sewage, plants, and sisal leaves. A unique set of beneficial traits, such as fastest growth, thermotolerance, and broad substrate spectrum (i.e., hemi-cellulose hydrolysates, xylose,l-arabinose,d-mannose, galactose, maltose, sugar syrup molasses, cellobiose, and dairy industry) makes this yeast a particularly attractive host for applications in a variety of food and biotechnology industries. In contrast toSaccharomyces cerevisiae, most of theK. marxianusstrains are apparently Crabtree-negative or having aerobic-respiring characteristics, and unlikely to endure aerobic alcoholic fermentation. This is a desirable phenotype for the large-scale biosynthesis of products associated with biomass formation because the formation of ethanol as an undesirable byproduct can be evaded under aerobic conditions. Herein, we discuss the current insight into the potential applications ofK. marxianusas a robust yeast cell factory to produce various industrially pertinent enzymes, bioethanol, cell proteins, probiotic, fructose, and fructo-oligosaccharides, and vaccines, with excellent natural features. Moreover, the biotechnological improvement and development of new biotechnological tools, particularly CRISPR–Cas9-assisted precise genome editing inK. marxianusare delineated. Lastly, the ongoing challenges, concluding remarks, and future prospects for expanding the scope ofK. marxianusutilization in modern biotechnology, food, feed, and pharmaceutical industries are also thoroughly vetted. In conclusion, it is critical to apprehend knowledge gaps around genes, metabolic pathways, key enzymes, and regulation for gaining a complete insight into the mechanism for producing relevant metabolites byK. marxianus.
Tetrandrine Prevents Neomycin-Induced Ototoxicity by Promoting Steroid Biosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Qilei , Wu Yunhao , Yu Yan , Niu Yuguang , Fang Qiaojun , Chen Xin , Qi Jieyu , Zhang Chen , Wu Geping , Su Kaiming , Chai Renjie
Published: April 2022

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are widely used for the treatment of serious acute infections, life-threatening sepsis, and tuberculosis, but all aminoglycosides cause side effects, especially irreversible ototoxicity. The mechanisms underlying the ototoxicity of aminoglycosides need further investigation, and there are no effective drugs in the clinic. Here we showed that tetrandrine (TET), a bioactive bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid derived from Stephania tetrandra, ameliorated neomycin-induced cochlear hair cell injury. In both in vitro and in vivo experiments we found that TET administration significantly improved auditory function and reduced hair cell damage after neomycin exposure. In addition, we observed that TET could significantly decrease oxidative stress and apoptosis in hair cells after neomycin exposure. Finally, RNA-seq analysis suggested that TET protected against neomycin-induced ototoxicity mainly by promoting steroid biosynthesis. Collectively, our results provide pharmacological evidence showing that TET may be a promising agent in preventing aminoglycosides-induced ototoxicity.
Using Light-Sheet Microscopy to Study Spontaneous Activity in the Developing Lateral-Line System
Authors: Zhang Qiuxiang , Kindt Katie S.
Published: April 2022

Hair cells are the sensory receptors in the auditory and vestibular systems of all vertebrates, and in the lateral-line system of aquatic vertebrates. The purpose of this work is to explore the zebrafish lateral-line system as a model to study and understand spontaneous activity in vivo. Our work applies genetically encoded calcium indicators along with light-sheet fluorescence microscopy to visualize spontaneous calcium activity in the developing lateral-line system. Consistent with our previous work, we show that spontaneous calcium activity is present in developing lateral-line hair cells. We now show that supporting cells that surround hair cells, and cholinergic efferent terminals that directly contact hair cells are also spontaneously active. Using two-color functional imaging we demonstrate that spontaneous activity in hair cells does not correlate with activity in either supporting cells or cholinergic terminals. We find that during lateral-line development, hair cells autonomously generate spontaneous events. Using localized calcium indicators, we show that within hair cells, spontaneous calcium activity occurs in two distinct domains—the mechanosensory bundle and the presynapse. Further, spontaneous activity in the mechanosensory bundle ultimately drives spontaneous calcium influx at the presynapse. Comprehensively, our results indicate that in developing lateral-line hair cells, autonomously generated spontaneous activity originates with spontaneous mechanosensory events.
Inflammasomes in Cancer Progression and Anti-Tumor Immunity
Authors: Lillo Sebastian , Saleh Maya
Published: April 2022

The inflammasomes are critical regulators of innate immunity, inflammation and cell death and have emerged as important regulators of cancer development and control. Inflammasomes are assembled by pattern recognition receptors (PRR) following the sensing of microbial- or danger-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs) and elicit inflammation through the oligomerization and activation of inflammatory caspases. These cysteinyl-aspartate proteases cleave the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 into their biologically active mature form. The roles of the inflammasomes and associated pro-inflammatory cytokines vary greatly depending on the cancer type. Here we discuss recent studies highlighting contrasting roles of the inflammasome pathway in curbing versus promoting tumorigenesis. On one hand, the inflammasomes participate in stimulating anti-tumor immunity, but they have also been shown to contribute to immunosuppression or to directly promote tumor cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis. A better understanding of inflammasome functions in different cancers is thus critical for the design of novel cancer immunotherapies.
SARS-CoV-2 Employ BSG/CD147 and ACE2 Receptors to Directly Infect Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Kidney Podocytes
Authors: Kalejaiye Titilola D. , Bhattacharya Rohan , Burt Morgan A. , Travieso Tatianna , Okafor Arinze E. , Mou Xingrui , Blasi Maria , Musah Samira
Published: April 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has resulted in over 5.9 million deaths worldwide. While cells in the respiratory system are the initial target of SARS-CoV-2, there is mounting evidence that COVID-19 is a multi-organ disease. Still, the direct affinity of SARS-CoV-2 for cells in other organs such as the kidneys, which are often targeted in severe COVID-19, remains poorly understood. We employed a human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived model to investigate the affinity of SARS-CoV-2 for kidney glomerular podocytes, and examined the expression of host factors for binding and processing of the virus. We studied cellular uptake of the live SARS-CoV-2 virus as well as a pseudotyped virus. Infection of podocytes with live SARS-CoV-2 or spike-pseudotyped lentiviral particles revealed cellular uptake even at low multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01. We found that direct infection of human iPS cell-derived podocytes by SARS-CoV-2 virus can cause cell death and podocyte foot process retraction, a hallmark of podocytopathies and progressive glomerular diseases including collapsing glomerulopathy observed in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. We identified BSG/CD147 and ACE2 receptors as key mediators of spike binding activity in human iPS cell-derived podocytes. These results show that SARS-CoV-2 can infect kidney glomerular podocytes in vitro via multiple binding interactions and partners, which may underlie the high affinity of SARS-CoV-2 for kidney tissues. This stem cell-derived model is potentially useful for kidney-specific antiviral drug screening and mechanistic studies of COVID-19 organotropism.
The Apoptotic Resistance of BRCA1-Deficient Ovarian Cancer Cells is Mediated by cAMP
Authors: Yue Wei , Ma Jihong , Xiao Yinan , Wang Pan , Gu Xiaoyang , Xie Bingteng , Li Mo
Published: April 2022

Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) is essential for homologous recombination repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Loss of BRCA1 is lethal to embryos due to extreme genomic instability and the activation of p53-dependent apoptosis. However, the apoptosis is resisted in BRCA1-deficient cancer cells even though their p53 is proficient. In this study, by analysis of transcriptome data of ovarian cancer patients bearing BRCA1 defects in TCGA database, we found that cAMP signaling pathway was significantly activated. Experimentally, we found that BRCA1 deficiency caused an increased expression of ADRB1, a transmembrane receptor that can promote the generation of cAMP. The elevated cAMP not only inhibited DNA damage-induced apoptosis through abrogating p53 accumulation, but also suppressed the proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by enhancing the expression of immunosuppressive factors DKK1. Inhibition of ADRB1 effectively killed cancer cells by abolishing the apoptotic resistance. These findings uncover a novel mechanism of apoptotic resistance in BRCA1-deficient ovarian cancer cells and point to a potentially new strategy for treating BRCA1-mutated tumors.
Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Alpine Musk Deer (Moschus chrysogaster) in China
Authors: Cui Zhaohui , Wang Qilin , Huang Xiyao , Bai Jiayi , Zhu Bingyang , Wang Bingchen , Guo Xiaohang , Qi Meng , Li Junqiang
Published: April 2022

Giardia duodenalis is the underlying cause of a significant number of outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness in humans and animals worldwide. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the prevalence and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis in captive alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) in China. A total of 202 fecal samples were collected from three farms in Gansu Province, China. Identification of G. duodenalis was conducted by nested PCR targeting the genes coding for SSU rRNA, β-giardin (bg), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi). The overall prevalence of G. duodenalis in captive alpine musk deer in surveyed area was 19.3% (39/202). Two G. duodenalis genetic assemblages were identified, namely assemblage A and E. Mixed genotype infections (A+E) were found in 15.4% (6/39) of positive samples. Multilocus genotyping (MLG) analysis of G. duodenalis isolates revealed six novel assemblage A MLGs formed by two newly-described MLG-subtypes which belonged to sub-assemblage AI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on MLG of G. duodenalis isolates in captive alpine musk deer in China. The presence of zoonotic assemblages and sub-assemblages of G. duodenalis in deer species suggests that these animals may potentially act as a reservoir of this protozoan for humans.
Comprehensive Analysis for Long-Term Hydrological Simulation by Deep Learning Techniques and Remote Sensing
Authors: Xu Chaowei , Wang Yizhen , Fu Hao , Yang Jiashuai
Published: April 2022

Hydrological simulation plays a very important role in understanding the hydrological processes and is of great significance to flood forecasting and optimal allocation of water resources in the watershed. The development of deep learning techniques has brought new opportunities and methods for long-term hydrological simulation research at the watershed scale. Different from traditional hydrological models, the application of deep learning techniques in the hydrological field has greatly promoted the development trend of runoff prediction and provides a new paradigm for hydrological simulation. In this study, a CNN–LSTM model based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) network, and a CNN–GRU model based on CNN and gated recurrent unit (GRN) are constructed to study the watershed hydrological processes. To compare the performance of deep learning techniques and the hydrological model, we also constructed the distributed hydrological model: Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model based on remote sensing data. These models were applied to the Xixian Basin, and the promising results had been achieved, which verified the rationality of the method, with the majority of percent bias error (PBE) values ranging between 3.17 and 13.48, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values ranging between 0.63 and 0.91, and Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) values ranging between 0.70 and 0.90 on a monthly scale. The results demonstrated their strong ability to learn complex hydrological processes. The results also indicated that the proposed deep learning models could provide the certain decision support for the water environment management at the watershed scale, which was of great significance to improve the hydrological disaster prediction ability and was conducive to the sustainable development of water resources.
The Effects of the New Therapeutic Treatments for Diabetes Mellitus on the Male Reproductive Axis
Authors: Pelusi Carla
Published: April 2022

One of the complications of chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance due to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in men, is the high prevalence of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, which has been recently defined as functional hypogonadism, characterized by low testosterone associated with inappropriately normal gonadotropin levels. Although the pathophysiology of this hormonal imbalance may be related to several factors, including glycemic control, concomitant sleep apnea, insulin resistance, the main role is determined by the degree of central or visceral obesity and the consequent inflammatory state. Several drugs have been developed to treat T2DM such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. All appear to be effective in ameliorating blood glucose control, by lowering inflammation and body weight, and most seem to reduce the risk of micro- and macrovascular damage as a consequence of uncontrolled diabetes. A few studies have evaluated the impact of these drugs on gonadal function in T2DM patients with hypogonadism, with promising results. This review summarizes the main current knowledge of the effects of these new antidiabetic drugs on the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal axis, showing their potential future application in addition to glucose control in dysmetabolic male patients.
Does Economic Development Impact CO2 Emissions and Energy Efficiency Performance? Fresh Evidences From Europe
Authors: Liu Hongying , Wang Kuan-Ting , Khudoykulov Khurshid , Tai Tran Duc , Ngo Thanh Quang , Phan Thi Thu Hien
Published: April 2022

Data from a survey of 21 European nations from 2006 to 2018 investigates the relationship between economic development and carbon dioxide emissions. The PCA of normalised factors is used to create three quantitative measures for financial intermediation dependent on the results of the study. When estimating the framework, we used the Hoechle method, which generates systematic deviation for linear panel styles that really are not homoskedasticity coherent and moreover resistant to broad types of cross-sectional dependency. We observe that earnings, resource utilization, industrialization, urbanisation, foreign direct investment, and the banking system all seem to have contributed to increased carbon dioxide emissions in the area. However, greater economic access appears to have resulted in a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. In terms of quality, the results are resilient to a variety of alternative proxies for financial inclusions as well as acceptable changes to the conceptual framework. According to the empirical findings, there are currently no regulatory interactions linking increasing economic development and reducing carbon dioxide emissions at the national level. As a result, economic growth should be incorporated into the implementation of sustainable green economy plans at the municipal, provincial, and city levels, particularly to counteract the documented detrimental impact of higher carbon dioxide emissions associated with increased financial inclusion.
Impact of Mono- and Dual-Sized α-Fe2O3 Catalyst Mixtures on the Thermochemical Processing of Pinewood for Upgraded Liquid Chemicals
Authors: Baimoldina Adel , Papadikis Konstantinos , Konysheva Elena Yu.
Published: April 2022

The incorporation of mono-sized particle catalysts in real industrial systems for biomass conversion is a significant challenge, hence the impact of individual α-Fe2O3 catalysts with varying non-ideal spherical sizes of 54 nm (FS054), 221 nm (FS221), and ∼2 µm (FSm002) as well as dual-sized mixtures (FS054-FS221 and FS221-FSm002) were considered in the catalytic upgrading of pinewood pyrolysis vapors. The size variation of the α-Fe2O3 catalyst revealed a substantial effect on the product distribution. Although the yield of phenols shows a decrease by almost a factor of two irrespective of the catalyst particle size, the FS221 catalyst demonstrates the most potent effect on reducing phenols through decarboxylation reactions. Considering the role of the catalyst on the individual phenolics, the FS221 catalyst reveals higher selectivity towards the reduction of 2-methoxyphenol, isoeugenol, and eugenol, whereas the application of FS054 catalysts displays a stronger impact on the decrease of creosol and other phenols. Both FS054 and FS221 catalysts showed the highest effectiveness in reducing the relative yield of 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol. Applying a dual-size mixture (FS054-FS221) shows a synergetic effect, simultaneously decreasing the content of phenols, acids, and aldehydes followed by a strong CO2 release attributed to competitive decarbonylation reactions of aldehydes. The appearance of γ-Fe2O3 small fraction was revealed in the powders with mono-(FS221) and dual particle size (FS054-FS221 and FS221-FSm002), whereas the FS054 and FSm002 catalysts demonstrate good chemical and phase stability.
Novel Heterozygous Missense Variant in GRIA4 Gene Associated With Neurodevelopmental Disorder With or Without Seizures and Gait Abnormalities
Authors: Wang Hua , Liu Jiatong , Li Fuwei , Teng Ziteng , Liu Mingyu , Gu Weiyue
Published: April 2022

Objective: Neurodevelopmental disorder with or without seizure and gait abnormalities (NEDSGA, MIM * 617864) is a newly described autosomal dominant inherited disease caused by a heterozygous variant in the GRIA4 gene. GRIA4 plays an essential role in excitatory synaptic transmission. In this study, we presented the clinical and genetic features of a female patient carrying a novel de novo variant in GRIA4 and further reviewed the previously reported five different patients.

Methods: Evaluation of the patient included a detailed history and clinical examination. Trio-whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify pathogenic variants in NEDSGA. Sanger sequencing was further used to validate the variants.

Results: We described the clinical features of an infant diagnosed with NEDSGA caused by a GRIA4 variant, who presented with severe developmental delay, limb hypertonia, generalized seizure, retinal hypoplasia, and chorioretinal hyperpigmentation. The patient developed tricuspid regurgitation, and imaging examination revealed a patent foramen ovale. Trio-WES identified a novel de novo heterozygous missense variant c.1918G>T, p.Ala640Ser in the GRIA4 gene. Multiple in silico tools predicted deleterious effects of p.Ala640Ser.

Conclusion: A novel heterozygous missense variant in the GRIA4 gene (c.1918G>T) identified in the proband expanded the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of disorders associated with GRIA4 variants. This is the first NEDSGA case reported in China. Our findings provide valuable information for the differential diagnosis of neonatal onset neurodevelopmental disorders.
Long-Term, CD4+ Memory T Cell Response to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Wirsching Sebastian , Harder Laura , Heymanns Markus , Gröndahl Britta , Hilbert Katja , Kowalzik Frank , Meyer Claudius , Gehring Stephan
Published: April 2022

The first cases of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were reported by Chinese authorities at the end of 2019. The disease spread quickly and was declared a global pandemic shortly thereafter. To respond effectively to infection and prevent viral spread, it is important to delineate the factors that affect protective immunity. Herein, a cohort of convalescent healthcare workers was recruited and their immune responses were studied over a period of 3 to 9 months following the onset of symptoms. A cross-reactive T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronaviruses, i.e., OC43 and NL63, was demonstrated in the infected, convalescent cohort, as well as a cohort composed of unexposed individuals. The convalescent cohort, however, displayed an increased number of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells relative to the unexposed group. Moreover, unlike humoral immunity and quickly decreasing antibody titers, T cell immunity in convalescent individuals was maintained and stable throughout the study period. This study also suggests that, based on the higher CD4 T cell memory response against nucleocapsid antigen, future vaccine designs may include nucleocapsid as an additional antigen along with the spike protein.
Antibodies to a Citrullinated Porphyromonas gingivalis Epitope Are Increased in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Can Be Produced by Gingival Tissue B Cells: Implications for a Bacterial Origin in RA Etiology
Authors: Sherina Natalia , de Vries Charlotte , Kharlamova Nastya , Sippl Natalie , Jiang Xia , Brynedal Boel , Kindstedt Elin , Hansson Monika , Mathsson-Alm Linda , Israelsson Lena , Stålesen Ragnhild , Saevarsdottir Saedis , Holmdahl Rikard , Hensvold Aase , Johannsen Gunnar , Eriksson Kaja , Sallusto Federica , Catrina Anca I. , Rönnelid Johan , Grönwall Caroline , Yucel-Lindberg Tülay , Alfredsson Lars , Klareskog Lars , Piccoli Luca , Malmström Vivianne , Amara Khaled , Lundberg Karin
Published: April 2022

Based on the epidemiological link between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the unique feature of the periodontal bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis to citrullinate proteins, it has been suggested that production of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), which are present in a majority of RA patients, may be triggered in the gum mucosa. To address this hypothesis, we investigated the antibody response to a citrullinated P. gingivalis peptide in relation to the autoimmune ACPA response in early RA, and examined citrulline-reactivity in monoclonal antibodies derived from human gingival B cells. Antibodies to a citrullinated peptide derived from P. gingivalis (denoted CPP3) and human citrullinated peptides were analyzed by multiplex array in 2,807 RA patients and 372 controls; associations with RA risk factors and clinical features were examined. B cells from inflamed gingival tissue were single-cell sorted, and immunoglobulin (Ig) genes were amplified, sequenced, cloned and expressed (n=63) as recombinant monoclonal antibodies, and assayed for citrulline-reactivities by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, affinity-purified polyclonal anti-cyclic-citrullinated peptide (CCP2) IgG, and monoclonal antibodies derived from RA blood and synovial fluid B cells (n=175), were screened for CPP3-reactivity. Elevated anti-CPP3 antibody levels were detected in RA (11%), mainly CCP2+ RA, compared to controls (2%), p<0.0001, with a significant association to HLA-DRB1 shared epitope alleles, smoking and baseline pain, but with low correlation to autoimmune ACPA fine-specificities. Monoclonal antibodies derived from gingival B cells showed cross-reactivity between P. gingivalis CPP3 and human citrullinated peptides, and a CPP3+/CCP2+ clone, derived from an RA blood memory B cell, was identified. Our data support the possibility that immunity to P. gingivalis derived citrullinated antigens, triggered in the inflamed gum mucosa, may contribute to the presence of ACPA in RA patients, through mechanisms of molecular mimicry.
Canonical NF-κB p65, but Not p105, Contributes to IL-1β-Induced IL-8 Expression in Cardiac Fibroblasts
Authors: Mizuno Masashi , Nakano Rei , Nose Saki , Matsumura Moeka , Nii Yasuyuki , Kurogochi Kentaro , Sugiya Hiroshi , Uechi Masami
Published: April 2022

Cardiac fibroblasts participate in the inflammatory process of heart diseases as sentinel cells of the cardiac tissue. In this study, we investigated the effect of the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), on the expression of interleukin 8 (IL-8), which contributes to the induction of innate immunityviathe activation and recruitment of innate immune cells, such as neutrophils, to the site of inflammation in canine cardiac fibroblasts. IL-1β mediates IL-8 mRNA expression and protein release in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The IL-β-mediated IL-8 protein release and mRNA expression were inhibited by 2-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamide, an inhibitor of the transcription factor, nuclear factor (NF)-κB. In cells treated with IL-1β, NF-κB p65 and p105 were transiently phosphorylated, indicating the activation of NF-κB. However, IL-1β failed to induce IL-8 mRNA expression in the cells transfected with p65 small interfering RNA (siRNA), but not in those transfected with p105 siRNA. These observations suggest that IL-1β induces IL-8 expressionviathe activation of NF-κB p65 in canine cardiac fibroblasts.
Cerebral Malaria: Current Clinical and Immunological Aspects
Authors: Albrecht-Schgoer Karin , Lackner Peter , Schmutzhard Erich , Baier Gottfried
Published: April 2022

This review focuses on current clinical and immunological aspects of cerebral malaria induced by Plasmodium falciparum infection. Albeit many issues concerning the inflammatory responses remain unresolved and need further investigations, current knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms is highlighted. Furthermore, and in the light of significant limitations in preventative diagnosis and treatment of cerebral malaria, this review mainly discusses our understanding of immune mechanisms in the light of the most recent research findings. Remarkably, the newly proposed CD8+ T cell-driven pathophysiological aspects within the central nervous system are summarized, giving first rational insights into encouraging studies with immune-modulating adjunctive therapies that protect from symptomatic cerebral participation of Plasmodium falciparum infection.