bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Biologics in Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome and Other Kidney Diseases in Children
Authors: Kopač Matjaž
Published: January 2025

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) and other pediatric kidney diseases represent significant challenges due to their complex pathogenesis, often involving dysregulated immune responses and renal injury. Biologic therapies, defined as targeted treatments derived from living organisms, have gained traction in managing these conditions, offering a potential shift in therapeutic paradigms. This review examines the current and emerging role of biologics in treating pediatric kidney diseases, focusing on indications, contraindications, adverse effects, therapeutic positioning, and a comparison with alternative immunosuppressive treatments.
The Effectiveness Test of Basil Leaf Extract and Bilimbi Fruit in Control of Cocoa Sucting Pests (Helopeltis spp.)
Authors: Pasaribu Apriyeni , Sudirman Albertus , Utoyo Bambang
Published: January 2025

Helopeltis spp. is a major pest of plantation crops, especially on cocoa plants. This pest attacks the fruit and shoots of cocoa plants by sucking the liquid from plant parts which cause fruit rot and reduces production. Control that is often done by farmers is by using synthetic insecticides. The use of synthetic insecticides in controlling pest attacks turns out to have a negative impact on the surrounding environment and even on its users, so we need an alternative that does not have a negative impact such as environmentally friendly vegetable insecticides. There are many plants that have the potential as vegetable insecticides such as basil and starfruit. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best extract from basil leaf extract, star fruit wuluh, and the combination of the two extracts against the mortality of Helopeltis spp. The research was carried out at the Plant Laboratory II, Department of Plantation Cultivation, Lampung State Polytechnic, from November 2020 to February 2021. This research was conducted using a Randomized Block Design with 4 treatments and 6 replications so that there were 24 experimental units. Each experimental unit contained one treatment and 11 Helopeltis spp. This research was finding that the highest mortality at 4 DAA was found in the combination treatment of basil leaf extract and starfruit with a mortality percentage of 33.33%. The highest mortality in this study was 45.45% at 6 DAA treatment with a combination of basil leaf extract and star fruit, meaning that the treatment in this study was considered less effective. This research conclude that the combination of basil leaf extract and star fruit is able to control cocoa fruit-sucking pests (Helopeltis spp.) with a mortality of 45.45%.
Morfologi Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum) terhadap Pemberian Mikoriza dan Media Tanam Limbah Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Kurniawan Dedi , Khairani Siti
Published: January 2025

Improvement in onion cultivation techniques need to be done by giving mycorrhizal and palm oil waste as a mixture of growing media for growth and production of onion. This objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of mycorrhizal, growing media, interaction of giving mycorrhizal and production of onion. The design environment used in this study were Randomized Block Design with factorial pattern. The first factor was the inoculation of mycorrhizal consisting of three levels: without inoculation of mycorrhizal, mycorrhizal inoculant 50 and 100 gram/plant. The second factor was the growing media with four levels of growing media: Top soil, Top soil + TKKS (1:1), Top soil + fiber (1:1), and Top soil + sludge (1:1). The results showed that the growing media had a significant effect on leaves total of onion. The growing media of Top soil + sludge was the best treatment for growth and production of onion. The giving mycorrhizal, interaction of giving mycorrhizal and growing media hadn’t a significant effect on plant height and tillers total of onion.
Vegetation and Seed Banks on Ex-manganese Mining in Kaubele Village Biboki Moenleu District
Authors: Tobing Wilda Lumban , Kamaluddin Kamaluddin , Kofi Marinus
Published: January 2025

Mining activities are required to carry out reclamation. Reclamation efforts are aimed at restoring the condition of the mined land. The manganese mine in Kaubele Village has been carried out since 2011 but there has been no clear reclamation effort, causing the land to be abandoned. The study aimed to determine the vegetation and seed banks found on former manganese mining land in Kaubele Village, Biboki Moenleu District. This activity was carried out in July - December 2022 on former manganese mining land in 2010 and 2018. Vegetation was collected using a purposive sampling method. At each observation location, 5 main points were taken. Each point at each location is spread by 250 points with a 2 m x 2 m plot. The soil was taken at a depth of 0-20 cm and an area of 30 cm x 30 cm. Furthermore, it is placed in the nursery media for 3 months to find out the vegetation that grows. Vegetation and seed banks were analyzed based on species density, relative density, species frequency, relative frequency, and important value index. Vegetation analysis is a step in determining plants to restore ex-mining land. The vegetation in 2018 had more species compared to 2010. At both locations, there were the same 3 plants, namely Cynodon dactylon L. with an IVI of 21.421% (2010) and an IVI of 17.605% (2018), Chromolaena odorata L. with an IVI of 10.409% (2010) and IVI of 9.125% (2018), and Malvella leprosa (Ortega) krapov. with an IVI of 8.097% (2010) and an IVI of 7.031% (2018). Analysis of seed banks shows that there are 7 similar seeds found in different mining locations with respective IVI of Dactyloctenium aegyptium L. 78.550 % (2010) and 14.169 % (2018), Chloris virgata Trin 13.113 % (2010) and 8.986 % (2018), Panicum virgatum L. IVI 20.384 % (2010) and 46.834 (2017). (2018), Synedrella nodiflora L. IVI 22.068 % (2010) and 14.169 (2018), and Phyllanthus urinaria L. IVI 13.177 % (2010) and 12.957 % (2018).
Analysis of Shallot Growth and Production With Organic Fertilizer and Zeolite in Beach Sand Media
Authors: Rahmawati Nini , Ladewa Ibnu
Published: January 2025

Shallots are a horticultural commodity that is cultivated intensively by farmers. Efforts to increase shallot production are carried out through extensification of sand around the coast, which is marginal land. The addition of organic fertilizer and zeolite as a soil conditioner is one effort to increase the productivity of sandy land. This research aims to analyze the growth and production of shallots cultivated in sand media using organic fertilizer and zeolite. The research was carried out in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra, Medan from December 2021 to April 2022. This research used a randomized block design with 2 factors, namely the first factor was the type of organic fertilizer (without organic fertilizer). fertilizer). , cow dung, chicken dung and goat dung). ), the second factor is the zeolite dose (without zeolite application 7.5 tons/ha, 15 tons/ha and 22.5 tons/ha). The results of the research showed that the application of chicken manure had the best effect on increasing the growth and production of shallots, namely the variables observed were plant length, number of leaves, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, number of bulbs, bulb dry weight, and harvest index. The application of zeolite at a dose of 15 tons/ha increases the best growth and production of shallots which has a significant effect on plant length, number of leaves, and root dry weight and tuber dry weight. The interaction between organic fertilizer and zeolite did not have a significant effect on shallot productivity in sand media.
The Effect of Biofertilizer on Growth and Yield of Lowland Rice at Alluvial Soil
Authors: Pratiwi Gagad Restu , Nurrahma Arinal Haq Izzawati , Pratiwi Etty , Yuniarti Erny , Ikhwani Ikhwani
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of combining different doses and application methods of biofertilizers on the growth and yield of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in West Java. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized factorial with two factors and three replications. The first factor included three different biofertilizer application methods, and the second factor consisted of five different biofertilizer doses. The use of high-fertility alluvial soil was favorable for rice growth when treated with biofertilizers. The interaction between the applied method and biofertilizer dosage had a significant impact on various growth parameters, such as plant height, tiller number, stem fresh weight (g), stem dry weight (g), leaf dry weight (g), panicle number per plant, filled grain number per plant, unfilled grain number per plant, and total grain weight (g). The application of 300 g per pot biofertilizer dose at planting time resulted in the highest filled grain weight per plant (58.6 g) and total grain weight per plant (65.1 g). However, while biofertilizers significantly enhanced rice plant growth, none of the four biofertilizer dose treatments were significant when compared to the control in any of the three application methods. Optimally dosed biofertilizers, when applied at proper planting time, can serve as an alternative approach to enhance rice growth and yield in alluvial soil. This eco-friendly technology has the potential to be integrated into field management practices.
Effect of Water Availability on the Growth and Secondary Metabolites of Zodia (Evodia suaveolens)
Authors: Setyawati Andriyana , Purwanto Edi , Yunus Ahmad , Samanhudi Samanhudi , Sakya Amalia Tetrani , Rahayu Muji , Purnomo Djoko , Arniputri Retna Bandriyati , Cahyo Gani , Dwiyanti Qonita Rahma , Egra Saat , Talitha Okky , Muthi’ah Alfida
Published: January 2025

Zodia are included in medicinal plants because it contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids/triterpenoids that have many benefit and also as mosquito repellents. The growth and content of secondary metabolites in plants can be affected by environmental factors such as water availability. Research on the cultivation of this crop is still limited. Environmental modification in cultivation is needed to increase its secondary metabolites, and the study of the potential of this plant as medicine are necessary. This study aimed to determine the effect of water availability on the growth and secondary metabolites of zodia. The research was carried out in July-November 2021 in Greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta. The method used was a completely randomized design, one treatment factor with 4 levels namely, 100, 80, 60 and 40% of field capacity. Each treatment was repeated 6 times so that there were 24 experimental polybags. The data analysis used is Analysis of Variance, and the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at the 5% level. The results showed that the availability of water at a level of 60% field capacity gave the best average growth parameters (plant height and number of leaves) among other treatments. The flavonoid content in each treatment showed the same average. The results of the GCMS (Gas Cromatography and Mass Spectroscopy) test of zodia leaves showed that there were dominant bioactive compounds, namely ethylbenzene, octadecamethyl cyclononasiloxane, pentadecanoid acid and heptadecanoid acid. It is suspected that the content of these compounds has the potential as antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer.
Soil Fertility Status, Nutrient Uptake, And Soybean Yield Following OrganicPLUS Fertilizer Application On Alfisol
Authors: Minardi Slamet , Sudadi Sudadi , Cahyono Ongko , Cahyani Vita Ratri , Maro'ah Siti , Haniati Isna Luthfa , Wijaya Lidya Zaela
Published: January 2025

This study aims to assess the impact of Organic FertilizerPlus on soil fertility status, nutrient uptake, and soybean yield in Alfisol. The research employs a randomized complete group design (RCGD) with a single factor, consisting of P0 (Control), P1 (Cow dung, 5 tons ha-1 + Zeolite dose of 2.5 tons ha-1), P2 (Cow dung, 5 tons ha-1 + Zeolite dose of 5 tons ha-1), P3 (Cow dung, 5 tons ha-1 + Dolomite dose of 2.5 tons ha-1), P4 (Cow dung, 5 tons ha-1 + Dolomite dose of 5 tons ha-1), and P5 (Cow dung, 5 tons ha-1 + Zeolite dose of 5 tons ha-1 + Dolomite dose of 5 tons ha-1), repeated four times. The results indicate that the application of Organic FertilizerPlus enhances soil fertility status (pH, organic C, CEC, and available P), with the highest values observed in treatment P5, including pH (6.70), soil organic C (6.28 g.kg-1), cation exchange capacity (CEC) (6.85 cmol.g-1), and available P (2.63 mg.g-1). This leads to increased phosphorus uptake, consequently improving soybean yields. The highest soybean yield is achieved by applying Organic FertilizerPlus (P5) at 2.17 t.ha-1.
Karakterisasi Morfologi Galur Harapan M0 dan M3 Padi Hitam Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma
Authors: Nandariyah Nandariyah , Prastyaningrum Suci , Manurung Ida Rumia , Sutarno Sutarno , Riyatun Riyatun
Published: January 2025

Cempo Ireng is a black rice from Sleman that has a long harvesting period, high posture, and low productivity. Efforts to overcome these problems are mutation induction with gamma irradiation and have produced potential lines (8, 51, and 52) with early maturing, plant height 140,26 cm, and productivity 4,71 tons/ha, but not yet resistant to brown planthopper (BPH). This research is a follow-up study of 200 Gy gamma irradiation treatment of three potential lines to improve BPH resistance traits and increase genetic diversity. This study aims to determine changes in morphological characteristics and obtain superior individuals. The research was conducted in paddy field of Pakahan Village, Jogonalan District, Klaten Regency in February - July 2022 using 8:1 jajar legowo system. Observations of 25 morphological characters were carried out on 30 plants of each lines and were based on the Rice Plant Characterization and Evaluation (2003). Data analyzed by descriptively and qualitatively using Chi Square test with table value at 5% significance. The results showed there were changes in 17 morphological characters in the M3 population of black rice from gamma irradiation and individual selection resulted in 12 mutant plants.
HISTORICAL PORTRAIT OF SHIITES AND SUNNIS IN IRAQ IN THE POEM “NACHNU SYA'BUN LAA YASTACHII”: A LITERARY SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Hamidi Saddam Reza , Fawad Dihyat Haniful
Published: January 2025

The poem “Nachnu Sya’bun Laa Yastachii” by Ahmad Numaini serves as a socio-historical critique, reflecting sectarian tensions and political dynamics in Iraq. This study explores two primary aspects: first, how the poem reflects the socio-political context of Iraq during its composition, and second, its portrayal of Shiite history as interpreted by the poet. Employing a qualitative research methodology with Alan Swingewood’s literary sociology approach, this study analyzes the poem’s use of historical symbolism, particularly the Karbala tragedy, to critique patterns of betrayal and disunity within the Muslim community. The findings reveal that the poem functions as both a reflection of its era and a critique of contemporary socio-political conditions. This study highlights the role of literature in documenting and critiquing historical and societal phenomena, reinforcing its relevance as a medium for social commentary.
THE SECURITIZATION OF THE EGYPT GOVERNMENT IN 2019-2023 AS AN EFFORT TO RESOLVE THE GRAND ETHIOPIAN RENAISSANCE DAM ISSUE
Authors: Rahma Adiba Aliyya , Ayuni Syahla Fitri , Laksana Naufal Fauzan Deva , Prakoso Septyanto Galan
Published: January 2025

The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is a hydroelectric dam on the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia, constructed to address Ethiopia's electricity needs. However, the GERD has sparked conflicts with Lower Nile countries, particularly Egypt and Sudan. Egypt relies on the Nile River for over 90% of its water supply and views the dam as a significant threat to its water security. This perceived threat has prompted Egypt to adopt securitization measures to safeguard its national interests. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method, integrating securitization theory and national interest to analyze Egypt's securitization efforts concerning the GERD dispute from 2019 to 2023. The findings reveal that Egypt's securitization measures have not yielded significant outcomes. Furthermore, military action against the GERD is deemed impractical, as the dam's filling process has already been completed, and such action could cause severe flooding, endangering Egypt and its neighboring countries.
CONTENT ANALYSIS OF ABU UBAIDAH’S SPEECH ON ALJAZEERAMUBASHER’S INSTAGRAM DURING OPERATION AL-AQSA TEMPEST
Authors: Husna Ilya , Sefriyono Sefriyono , Zulfis Zulfis , Afril Rezkiya , Banonah Nabil Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Abu Ubaidah's speech aired by aljazeeramubasher's Instagram account was in the spotlight after the occurrence of Toufan al-Aqsa on October 7, 2023. The firm and straightforward style of language and the use of fushah Arabic are definitely a special attraction for listeners. This study aims to describe the style of language and messages conveyed by Abu Ubaidah in his speech using the content analysis method approach of Krippendorff's perspective. The stages of Krippendorff content analysis consist of unitizing, sampling, recording, reducing, inferring, narating, and desingning. This stage is carried out with watching, listening, and note-taking techniques. The results showed that the Arabic uslub used by Abu Ubaidah was fushah Arabic in accordance with the rules of good and correct Arabic. No Abu Ubaidah used 'ammiyah Arabic at all in his speeches. Meanwhile, in terms of the message conveyed by Abu Ubaidah with Krippendorf content analysis techniques, it was found that there was an invitation and expression of optimism from Abu Ubaidah to especially Muslims and all people in the world for Allah's help to the Palestinian people and the struggle of Hamas forces in defending Palestinian land. Abu Ubaidah as the spokesman for the Izzuddin Al-Qassam brigade managed to transfer this confidence to all the audience who watched and listened to his speech.
Digital Empowerment in Social Work: Leveraging AI to Enhance Educational Access in Developing Nations
Authors: Revesai Zvinodashe , Tungwa Benjamin , Chisosa Telson Anesu , Meki Vanessa Runyararo
Published: January 2025

Social work education in developing countries faces significant challenges, including limited resources, restricted access to current knowledge, and inadequate training opportunities. This study aims to examine the potential of emerging Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in empowering social work students by enhancing access to information through machine translation and intelligent search tools, improving resource availability via virtual simulations and adaptive learning platforms, and integrating AI-powered self-help tools into the curriculum. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing in-depth interviews with 16 educators and 8 field training officers, along with focus group discussions involving 24 social work students across selected institutions in Zimbabwe. All interviews were audio-recorded with participant consent, with translators assisting where necessary for local languages. Additional data were collected from documents, public reports, learning platforms, and policy papers to provide context on AI adoption strategies. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, examining cases and models where AI has expanded access to scholarly materials through automated translation services, enabled localized resources through virtual training simulations, and facilitated the incorporation of culturally aligned self-help tools such as AI chatbots and wellness applications. The findings show that, with careful implementation and consideration of the context, artificial intelligence can reduce inequalities in education and enhance students' abilities through personalized learning paths, virtual environments for practice, and automated feedback systems. However, this research points out the need for addressing the digital divide and ethical issues associated with artificial intelligence, including problems of privacy and algorithmic bias. The study concludes by making a call for further research into models of safe and equitable AI integration in social work education.
THE ATTITUDE OF CHEMISTRY EDUCATION STUDENTS TO SOCIO-SCIENTIFIC ISSUES (SSI) IN CHEMISTRY LEARNING
Authors: Cahyani Vika Puji , Fadly Dewiyanti , Islawati Islawati , Ahmad Fandi
Published: January 2025

The social-scientific problem (socio-scientific Issues) is a controversial social problem that has a link to the concept or procedural of science. Learning about socio-scientific issues can promote scientific literacy by linking science to everyday life and society. This study aimed to explore and analyze students' attitudes toward Socio-scientific Issues after being given basic chemistry using the SOIE Learning model (Strengthening, Orientation, Investigation and Evaluation) in SSI's context, and Conventional models. This research conducted during one semester of a basic chemistry course in the chemistry education department in Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia, with sixty-eight chemistry students. We carried data collections out using survey questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Data analyzed using SPSS's Independent t-test programs version 22 and tested with interview data. The results showed that there was a difference in attitudes towards significant socio-scientific issues between students taught using SSI's contextualized SOIE model and conventional models. More than 70% of students taught using SSI's contextualized SOIE model showed a more positive attitude toward SSI when compared to students taught with conventional models. The results showed that the SOIE learning model in SSI's context could be used to develop a student's attitude to socio-scientific issues in chemistry learning. Through the implementation of the SOIE learning model with SSI context, expected besides improving chemical literacy, students are also more concerned about environmental issues because of the impact of scientific-social phenomena.
Identifying potential therapeutic targets for prostate cancer with mediating role in tumor immunity
Authors: Wu Zhechun , Li Sihan , Li Yuqing , Wang Zhizhi , Wang Wei
Published: January 2025

Background
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading malignancy with a rising global incidence, posing significant challenges in treatment. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in CRPC is a major barrier to effective immunotherapy. Identifying therapeutic targets that modulate the immune response within TME is crucial for advancing PCa treatment.
Materials and Methods
In this study, we employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal relationships between gene expression of blood proteins and PCa risk. We utilized cis-eQTL data from the eQTLGen Consortium and immune cell phenotype data from the NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog. Our analysis included discovery and validation cohorts, totaling over 800,000 individuals. Colocalization analysis was performed to confirm the genetic associations, and mediation MR analysis was used to explore the mediating role of proteins in tumor immunity. Drug prediction and molecular docking were applied to assess the potential of identified targets as druggable candidates.
Results
Our MR analysis identified 557 proteins associated with PCa in the discovery cohort, with 86 proteins remaining significant in an independent validation cohort. Mediation analysis revealed nine proteins that mediated the impact of immune cells on PCa. Colocalization analysis confirmed the causality of five proteins, which were further supported by phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Molecular docking demonstrated strong binding affinity of potential drugs to these targets.
Conclusions
This study identified five drug targets in prostate cancer that modulate the tumor immune response. These targets may expedite drug development and personalize medicine, potentially enhancing treatment efficacy and reducing side effects.
Relationship between Moderate Alcohol Consumption and All-Cause Mortality Across Different Stages of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome: a cohort study
Authors: Wang Zhuotong , Hu Lingyuan , Chen Aomiao , Wu Yichuan , Wang Geningyue , Xie Xinran , He Qiuyu , Xue Yaoming , Lin Jintao , Zheng Zongji , Jia Yijie , Chen Jiaqi
Published: January 2025

Background
The health effects of moderate alcohol consumption remain inconclusive, both in the general population and among individuals with specific diseases. Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (CKM) is a novel concept that involves various health conditions. This study aimed to investigate the association between moderate alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality in different stages of CKM within the UK Biobank cohort, and to validate the findings in the NHANES population.
Methods
This study included 112,207 participants from the UK Biobank cohort, stratified by different stages of CKM. Multiple covariates were incorporated in regression analyses to explore the relationship between moderate alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality. Additionally, 10,904 participants from the NHANES cohort were analysed, stratified by sex, with restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves plotted for corroboration.
Results
The Cox regression results indicated that moderate alcohol consumption had no protective effect on either males or females. In the UK Biobank, moderate alcohol consumption was significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality, whereas no significant association was found in the NHANES cohort. Among the CKM stages, moderate drinking was positively correlated with all-cause mortality in males and females in stage II and males in stage IV, while no significant associations were observed in the other stages. The RCS curves revealed a positive correlation between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality for both genders, indicating the absence of an "optimal drinking amount," with females showing greater sensitivity to alcohol than males.
Conclusion
While previous studies have suggested potential benefits of moderate alcohol consumption for cardiovascular health and reduced all-cause mortality, our analyses across two databases revealed no evidence supporting a protective effect. Instead, a positive correlation between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality was observed for both genders. Therefore, even moderate alcohol intake warrants caution, and efforts should be made to minimize alcohol consumption.
Trial registration
Retrospectively registered. This is a retrospective analysis using UK Biobank and NHANES data and does not involve clinical trials.
Pan-cancer analysis reveals potential of RRM2 as a prognostic and immunological biomarker in human cancer
Authors: Ma Xiaojing , Guo Zhixiang , Xia Xiaoping
Published: January 2025

Background Increasing evidence suggests that RRM2 plays an important role in cancer onset, development and progression. However, the biological significance of RRM2 in pan-cancer is unclear.In this study, the expression profile and prognostic significance of RRM2 were comprehensively investigated for the first time using bioinformatics techniques, as well as the relationship between RRM2 and clinicopathologic parameters and immune cell infiltration.This study is the first to conduct a pan-cancer analysis of RRM2 for aiding the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Methods We comprehensively studied the expression level of RRM2, patient prognosis and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and immune cell infiltration using bioinformatics techniques.We thoroughly analyzed the function of RRM2 in cancer through the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue expression (GTEx) databases. Multiple web softwares and platforms were used for data analysis, including HPA,Cytoscape, GEPIA2.0, UALCAN, STRING, CancerSEA and so on.
Results The results suggest that RRM2 was significantly upregulated in a variety of tumors and is associated with prognosis.Pan-cancer analysis showed that high RRM2 expression was associated with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in a variety of tumors.The mRNA expression of RRM2 was related to the infiltration of various immune cells, including DC, nTreg, iTreg, Monocyte and B cells. Finally, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were used to explore the role of RRM2 in pan-cancer.
Conclusion RRM2 is recognized as a promising target for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis prediction and is critical for DNA replication and cancer cell proliferation.
A super-assembled synergistically nanoplatform AP@ZIF-8 Pt for hepatocarcinoma therapy
Authors: Luo Zhenzhen , Wang Dunhuang , Lin Lie , Zhou Rui , Su Yuanyuan , Zhang Zongkai , Hu Jing , Dai Yaqing , Wu Jingjing , Huang Xiaoyan , Zhou Yufei , Gong Liuyun
Published: January 2025

Intensive cancer treatment with nanoplatform is widely exploited in the clinic, the emerging nanomedicine offers an unparalleled opportunity for encapsulating potential antitumor drugs in a nano-carrier. Apoptin (AP)，a coding protein of VP3 gene, stem from the chicken anemia virus (CAV), can be activated in malignant cells selectively and prevents the dividing cancer cells from repairing their DNA lesions, thereby forcing them to undergo apoptosis. Herein, a three-step intelligent biodegradable drug delivery nanoplatform was designed. First, a hollow ZIF-8 was synthesized, embedded with platinum nanoparticle to form ZIF-8Pt, and then loaded with AP, and lastly formed AP@ZIF-8Pt, which possess pH-responsive drug release and cancer-targeted ability. As expected, both in vitro and in vivo experiment demonstrated that AP@ZIF-8Pt performed treatment effects in hepatocarcinoma through relieving tumor-hypoxic microenvironment, inhibiting cell proliferation, and promoting cell apoptosis. Further ranscriptomic analysis showed that the specific mechanism of the AP@ZIF-8Pt was thermogenesis, signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells, ribosome, prion disease and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. This work highlights a new strategy for liver cancer treatment and provides a reference for treating malignant tumors.
Evaluating the performance of artificial intelligence in supporting evidence synthesis: a blinded comparison between chatbots and humans
Authors: Nordmann Kim , Sauter Stefanie , Stein Mirjam , Aigner Johanna , Redlich Marie-Christin , Schaller Michael , Fischer Florian
Published: January 2025

Background
With the rise of large language models, the application of artificial intelligence in research is expanding, possibly accelerating specific stages of the research processes. This study aims to compare the accuracy, completeness and relevance of chatbot-generated responses against human responses in evidence synthesis as part of a scoping review.
Methods
We employed a structured, randomised and blinded survey-based research methodology to analyse and compare responses between two human researchers and four chatbots (ZenoChat, ChatGPT 3.5, ChatGPT 4.0, and ChatFlash) to questions based on a pre-coded sample of 407 articles. These questions were part of an evidence synthesis of a scoping review dealing with digitally supported interaction between healthcare workers.
Results
The analysis revealed no significant differences in judgments of correctness between answers by chatbots and those given by humans. However, chatbots’ answers were found to recognise the context of the original text better, and they provided more complete, albeit longer, responses. Human responses were less likely to add new content to the original text or include interpretation. Amongst the chatbots, ZenoChat provided the best-rated answers, followed by ChatFlash, with ChatGPT 3.5 and ChatGPT 4.0 tying for third. Correct contextualisation of the answer was positively correlated with completeness and correctness of the answer.
Conclusions
Chatbots powered by large language models may be a useful tool to accelerate qualitative evidence synthesis. Given the current speed of chatbot development and fine-tuning, the successful applications of chatbots to facilitate research will very likely continue to expand over the coming years.
GDT-IDS: Graph-based Decision Tree Intrusion Detection System for Controller Area Network
Authors: Ye Pengdong , Liang Yanhua , Bie Yutao , Qin Guihe , Song Jiaru , Wang Yingqing , Liu Wanning
Published: January 2025

With the rapid development of automotive technology, the security of In-Vehicle Network (IVN) has received more and more attention. The Controller Area Network (CAN), which is widely used for in-vehicle communication, faces significant security risks due to its inherent vulnerabilities. These risks can result in issues such as attacks, data leakage, and abnormal functioning of vehicle systems. Currently, the mainstream security protection approach is the Intrusion Detection System (IDS). Graph-based IDSs have been widely studied due to their ability to extract large amounts of information and achieve high detection accuracy. However, the detection accuracy of existing methods for spoofing and replay attacks remains suboptimal. To address this issue, this paper proposes a graph theory-based decision tree IDS, named GDT-IDS, tailored to the characteristics of spoofing and replay attacks. Specifically, we introduce three novel graph features—time difference, betweenness centrality, and graph density—into the detection system, which significantly enhance the detection accuracy for various types of attacks, particularly replay and spoofing. In addition, the proposed method can effectively perform multi-class classification of mixed attacks with high accuracy. Moreover, it reduces training and testing times compared to other graph theory-based methods. In conclusion, this method not only demonstrates exceptional experimental performance but also provides a novel perspective and a potential solution for traditional IDS design.
Higher-order soliton, breather, the mixed localized wave solutions for the coupled modified Korteweg-de Vries equations
Authors: Chen Yi-Xin , Wang Yufeng , Zhang Xi , Zhao YiDi
Published: January 2025

Under investigation in this paper is the coupled modified Korteweg-de Vries equations. Based on Lax pair and Darboux transformation, three-soliton and two-breather solutions are derived and analyzed. And the mixed localized wave solutions are constructed through the modified Darboux transformation. Especially, the interaction solutions between rogue wave and one-breather are constructed. These results in the present work could be used to understand related physical phenomena in nonlinear optics and relevant fields.
Evaluation of Cardioprotective activity of Ethanolic extract of bark of Helicteres isora Linn.
Authors: M.Laxmikanth  , Mohammad Arif
Published: January 2025

This study evaluates the cardioprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of the bark of *Helicteres isora* Linn. in a laboratory model. *Helicteres isora* Linn., a medicinal plant traditionally used in various cultures for its therapeutic properties, has gained attention for its potential cardiovascular benefits. The ethanolic extract was prepared using a standard protocol and subjected to phytochemical screening, which identified the presence of flavonoids, tannins, and saponins as key phytoconstituents.In vivo experiments were conducted using a rat model subjected to isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. The cardioprotective effect of the extract was assessed through measurements of cardiac markers, including serum levels of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alongside histopathological analysis of cardiac tissues.Results indicated that administration of the ethanolic extract significantly reduced the elevated levels of cardiac biomarkers compared to the control group, suggesting a protective effect against myocardial injury. Furthermore, histopathological examination revealed a marked reduction in necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in the cardiac tissues of the extract-treated group.The findings of this study support the cardioprotective potential of the ethanolic extract of *Helicteres isora* Linn.
Concepts and Implementation of Digital Problem-Based Learning in Health- Related Study Programmes: A Scoping Review
Authors:   Department New Public Health, School of Human Sciences, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany, Babitsch Birgit , Pöche-Guckelberger Ina ,   Department New Public Health, School of Human Sciences, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany, Maske Dagmar ,   Department Health and Nursing Sciences, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Egbert Nicole ,   Health InformaGcs Research Group, Centre for MulGmedia and IT ApplicaGons (ZeMIT), Department Business Management and Social Sciences, University of Applied Science Osnabrueck, Osnabrück, Germany, Hübner Ursula ,   Health InformaGcs Research Group, Centre for MulGmedia and IT ApplicaGons (ZeMIT), Department Business Management and Social Sciences, University of Applied Science Osnabrueck, Osnabrück, Germany
Published: January 2025

Problem-based learning (PBL) is currently a well-established and widely used teaching/learning
method that follows a distinct structure, such as a seven-step approach. There is growing interest
in providing PBL digitally. This scoping review aims to investigate whether the principles of PBL
can be implemented in digital formats and whether comparable results in students’ competence
development can be achieved. A systematic literature search was conducted from January 2017 to
March 2022 in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidance for scoping reviews. The
search yielded 1,007 studies, of which 7 were included in the review. The results demonstrated that
traditional PBL can be implemented in both blended and fully online formats following its rationale.
Most of the identified courses followed the seven-step approach, thereby providing a clear structure
for alternating between the group learning and self-learning phases and related tasks. The results
showed that blended or fully online PBL not only achieved the desired competence development but
also promoted additional competencies such as communication skills through the digital learning
context. These formats expand the possibilities of using PBL in health-related courses, effectively
combining the benefits of analogue and digital worlds. However, appropriate resources in terms
of both technical infrastructure and trained staff are required. In the future, the implementation
of blended and fully online PBL should be described in more detail to evaluate their specific
requirements.
A Cross-Sectional Study Analysing the Reliability of the Simulated Patient as an Assessor of Medical Students’ Professionalism during Objective Structured Clinical Examination
Authors:   Centre for Transformative Learning, Manipal University College Malaysia, Melaka, Malaysia, Sahoo Soumendra , Sahoo Rashmirekha ,   Centre for Foundation and General Studies, Manipal University College Malaysia, Melaka Malaysia, Pothen Minoo ,   Department of Psychiatry, Manipal University College Malaysia, Melaka, Malaysia, Srivastava Saurabh ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Manipal University College Malaysia, Melaka, Htay Mila Nu Nu ,   Department of Community Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia, Melaka, Malaysia
Published: January 2025

During the examination of professionals, the simulated patient (SP) can be the right person to
assess the professionalism of examinees. This research analysed the efficiency of SP assessments
of students’ professionalism. Students’ professionalism was assessed during an objective structured
clinical examination (OSCE) by two independent assessors (the examiner and the SP). Professionalism
was assessed using the previously validated Medical Students’ Professionalism Assessment Scale. The
scores provided by two assessors were subject to descriptive analysis, with mean, standard deviation,
median, interquartile range, and minimum and maximum values derived. Since the rating was based
on the ordinal scale, the agreement between the two assessors was analysed using quadratic weighted
kappa statistics. Both SPs and examiners provided similar mean scores in their assessments. The
highest difference was observed in relation to one statement on “student causing pain to the SP”, in
which the SP assessment mean score was 0.10, while the examiner assessment mean score was 0.48.
In terms of agreement, the item “the student gave clear instructions before examining me” achieved
moderate concordance (agreement). Although most of the items achieved fair concordance between
the assessors, we recommend periodic training of SPs to improve their abilities as assessors for rating
the professionalism shown by medical students.
Digital Well-Being among Learners in Higher Education: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia, Mohd Bahar Farhana Harzila ,   Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Roslan Nurhanis Syazni ,   Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Ping Nicholas Pang Tze ,   Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia, Yusoff Muhamad Saiful Bahri ,   Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia,   Centre for Development of Academic Excellence, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Published: January 2025

The era of digitalisation has revolutionised the ways knowledge is acquired and disseminated. This
fast spread and use of digital technology have altered how people interact with themselves, other
people, and their surroundings. It will subsequently affect human well-being, prompting the need for
further exploration and examination. This paper outlines a scoping review protocol to systematically
map the functional elements of digital well-being among higher education learners over the past five
years. This scoping review will be conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review
guideline. The resource searching will be performed using the three-step search strategy introduced
by JBI. Primary data from relevant studies from 2018 to 2023 will be searched. The scoping review
will report on the functional elements influencing digital well-being and their association with
general well-being issues. The review search, study selection and evidence charting will involve
four independent reviewers. As secondary research, this review examines the breadth of literature
regarding the digital well-being among learners in higher education, and therefore does not require
ethical approval. This review will outline elements that influence digital well-being in the context
of learners in higher education. The findings will be disseminated through journal publications and
conference presentations targeting educators worldwide.
Clinical Reasoning Assessment Methods in Prelicensure Undergraduate Nursing Education: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors:   School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Chai Li Sze ,   Department of Nursing, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia, Yusuf Azlina ,   School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Yusoff Muhamad Saiful Bahri ,   Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia,   Centre for Development of Academic Excellence, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Published: January 2025

Assessing the clinical reasoning process is challenging due to its limited direct observability, requiring
diverse methods. A comprehensive review of diverse assessment methods, revealing intricate details
of clinical reasoning, would assist in selecting methods tailored to the aim of the clinical reasoning
assessment in prelicensure undergraduate nursing education. This scoping review protocol outlines a
plan to explore the clinical reasoning assessment methods used in prelicensure undergraduate nursing
education. The characteristics of identified clinical reasoning assessment methods will be examined
by analysing definition or conceptualisation of clinical reasoning being used in the assessment, the
theoretical framework underpinning the conceptualisation of clinical reasoning and its assessment,
stimulus format, response format, the scoring activity employed, rater information, validity evidence
and reliability measures. The focus will be on primary quantitative and qualitative research,
excluding non-research publications. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology, a
three-step search strategy will be employed. The review will search Scopus, EBSCO Host (CINAHL
and MEDLINE), PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science and Epistemonikos. Unpublished studies
will be sought in ProQuest Dissertation and Theses. All studies available up to the date of the
literature search and published in English will be considered. Evidence source details and essential
components in clinical reasoning assessment methods will be extracted. Key findings obtained
during the data extraction process will be reported, organised into tabular presentations, focusing
on the characteristics of clinical reasoning assessment methods in prelicensure undergraduate
nursing education.
An Examination of a Dental School’s Holistic Preadmission Criteria as a Predictor of Student Performance
Authors:   Centre of Population Oral Health and Clinical Prevention Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia, Md Sabri Budi Aslinie , Azman Latun Fatin Lyana ,   Klinik Pergigian Bandar Botanik, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia, Ab Halim Mohammad Hairie Shah ,   Klinik Pergigian Bandar Botanik, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia, Md Dasor Maryati ,   Centre of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: January 2025

The demanding dental curriculum and competitive nature of admission make it crucial for dental
schools to apply strict preadmission criteria in order for them to select the best candidates. The
objectives of this study are to evaluate the ability of preadmission criteria used (cumulative grade
point average [CGPA], emotional intelligence [EI] test and semi-structured interview) in predicting the in-programme performance regarding academic performance, perception of education environment
and perceived stress for the Bachelor of Dental Surgery undergraduates and to determine the
relationship between EI and perceived stress amongst these students. This longitudinal study was
conducted in two parts. Part one was conducted as a retrospective review of preadmission criteria
consisting of EI, CGPA and results of a structured interview, while the second part included a crosssectional evaluation of the education environment using the Dundee Ready Education Environment
(DREEM) questionnaire and evaluation of perceived stress using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The
sample included all students enrolled between the 2015/2016 and 2019/2020 academic year. Academic
performances were collected and analysed, revealing a positive correlation between preadmission
CGPA and academic performance for the dental public health course. An inverse correlation was
found between interview performance and education environment experience, where higher interview results were associated with lower education environment experience. Additionally, a positive correlation was found between EI scores and academic performance in the Periodontology subject. The current preadmission criteria do not provide much insight into the predicted future performance and experience of students. The inclusion of other tools such as a programme-specific entrance test could be considered.