bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
КОРЕЛЯЦІЙНІ ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ МІЖ МОРФОЛОГІЧНИМИ І ЦІННИМИ ГОСПОДАРСЬКИМИ ОЗНАКАМИ В НАСІННИЦТВІ ПЕРЦЮ СОЛОДКОГО
Authors: Pylypenko L. V. , Shabetya O. M.
Published: August 2020

Мета. Виявити взаємозв’язок між морфологічними і цінними господарськими ознаками та можливість добору рослин за непрямими ознаками. Методи. Польовий, лабораторний, статистичний. Одержані експериментальні дані обробляли метолом дисперсійного аналізу за Б.О. Доспєховим (Dospekhov B.A., 1985). Матеріалом слугували 4 сорти і 2 лінії. Результати. Наведено результати кореляційного аналізу, які показують наявність позитивних кореляцій на сильному, середньому і слабкому рівнях. Позитивну сильну кореляцію, яка є стабільною за роки досліджень (2017–2019 рр.) встановлено між ознаками: «Ширина сім’ядольного листка» – «ширина листка» (r = 0,92; 0,99; 0,80); «діаметр плоду» (r = 0,85; 0,92; 0,99); «товщина стінки плоду» (r = 0,95; 0,98; 0,98); а також «середня маса плоду» (r = 0,89; 0,69; 0,72). Ознака «ширина листка» корелює з ознаками «діаметр плоду» (r = 0,88; 0,89; 0,75) і «товщина стінки плоду» (r = 0,94; 0,97; 0,80). Діаметр плоду має високий взаємозв’язок з товщиною стінки плоду (r = 0,92; 0,94; 0,99) і середньою масою плоду (r = 0,94; 0,70; 0,75). Стабільно позитивну сильну кореляцію спостерігали між парами ознак: «висота куща» – «відстань від кореневої шийки до гілкування» (r = 0,81; 0,85; 0,90) і «товщина стінки плоду» – «середня маса плоду» (r = 0,97; 0,78; 0,75). Позитивний середній і сильний взаємозв’язок також відмічений між довжиною плоду, який корелює з урожайністю насіння (r = 0,54; 0,61; 0,86).Від’ємну сильну та середню кореляцію, стабільно за роки досліджень, одержано між ознаками: «ширина сім’ядольного листка» – «висота куща» (r = -0,88; -0,87; -0,84), «відстань від кореневої шийки до гілкування» (r = -0,78; - 0,96; -0,84), «довжина плоду» (r = -0,61; -0,54; -0,32), «урожайність насіння» (r = -0,74; -0,35; -0,23); «висота куща» – «ширина листка» (r = -0,90; -0,90; -0,57), «діаметр плоду» (r = -0,94; -0,87; - 0,85), «товщина стінки плоду» ( r = -0,87; -0,89; -0,88), «середня маса плоду» (r = -0,83; -0,84; -0,91); «відстань від кореневої шийки до гілкування» – «ширина листка» (r = -0,85; -0,96; -0,78), «діаметр плоду» (r = -0,70; -0,83; -0,80), «товщина стінки плоду» (r = -0,76; -0,94; -0,84), «середня маса плоду» (r = -0,62; -0,64; -0,70); «ширина листка» – «урожайність насіння» (r = -0,55; -0,40; -0,38). Висновки. Встановлено 10 стабільно сильних кореляцій (0,69-0,99) між морфологічними і цінними господарськими ознаками. Результати досліджень дозволяють проводити попередню оцінку рослин на ранніх етапах органогенезу за непрямим ознакам, як у селекційному процесі, так і в насінництві перцю солодкого.
EVALUASI CAPAIAN TARGET RENCANA KERJA TERHADAP RENCANA STRATEGI BADAN PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH BAPPEDA PROVINSI KEPULAUAN BANGKA BELITUNG TAHUN 2017-2018
Authors: SARI GUWITA
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana evaluasi capaian target  Rencana Kerja (Renja) terhadap Rencana Strategi  (Renstra) Badan Perencanaan  Pembangunan Daerah (BAPPEDA) di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Tahun 2017-2012. Dimana tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis evaluasi capaian target  Rencana Kerja (Renja) terhadap Rencana Strategi  (Renstra) Badan Perencanaan  Pembangunan Daerah (BAPPEDA) di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Tahun 2017-2012. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan yang telah diuraikan sebelumnya mengenai evaluasi capaian target  Rencana Kerja (Renja) terhadap Rencana Strategi  (Renstra) BAPPEDA di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Tahun 2017-2012 bahwa program kegiatan dalam Rencana Kerja Perangkat Daerah (Renja PD) tahun 2018 sesuai dengan program kegiatan Rencana Strategi (Renstra PD).
Employee Empowerment and Innovative Work Behavior
Authors: Kanake Mercy Kananu , Kemboi Ambrose
Published: August 2020

Purpose: This paper seeks to address the moderating effect of leader-member exchange on the link between employee empowerment and innovative work behavior. Design/Methodology: The study draws on the causal-comparative research design, and employs paper-based self-administered questionnaires to gather data from a sample of 470 employees drawn from manufacturing firms in Kenya. This sample is part of a population of 9915 employees and has been narrowed down using Yamane’s formula. The study employs stratified and simple random sampling techniques to constitute the required sample of employees. Findings: The results indicate that employee empowerment and Leader-Member Exchange positively and significantly affect innovative work behavior. The results further reveal that Leader-member exchange significantly moderates the link between employee empowerment and innovative work behavior. Practical Implication: The findings of this study provide an avenue through which managers of manufacturing firms can identify constructs that best explain innovative work behavior, especially during challenging times such as this time of Covid 19 pandemic. The results of this study provides managers with opportunities to come up with techniques, policies and strategies to improve relationship between employees and their supervisors for purposes of improved productivity, employee loyalty and reduced conflicts. Originality/Value: The study makes a novel attempt to show the moderating influence of leader–member exchange in the context of employee empowerment and innovative work behavior in manufacturing firms in Kenya. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of leader-member exchange in employees’ innovative behavior, which is vital knowledge in tough times like the current uncertainty caused by the covid-19 pandemic.
Perilaku Kepemimpinan Kontingensi Kiai dalam Memanajerial Pondok Pesantren Al-Ittihad Lembung Timur Lenteng Sumenep
Authors: Rahmat Ali , Karomah Fika Fitrotin
Published: August 2020

The results of this research showed that the community's views on kiai's leadership turned out to provide positive responses and meanings. This is certainly influenced by the skills of the kiai in managing Pondok Pesantren Al-Ittihad, caring about the interests of the community, and their participation in social society. The kiai’s leadership practice appear in the clear and structured division of tasks, tolerance and full trust. So that boarding school (pesantren) officials like the leadership style of kiai because kiai are also very skilled in applying different leadership models according to situations and conditions. The factors that influence Kiai's leadership include environmental factors, educational background, and experience factors
Kajian Pengetahuan, Sikap Dan Persepsi Pedagang Tentang Kualitas Kesehatan Lingkungan Pasar
Authors: Rangkuti Ahmad Faizal , Musfirah Musfirah , Febriyani Febriyani
Published: August 2020

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara berkembang yang memiliki masalah kesehatan lingkungan yang sangat kompleks terutama di kota-kota besar. Sanitasi yang buruk diyakini menjadi penyebab utama dalam 280.000 kematian. Pasar Giwangan sebagai tempat umum yang banyak dikunjungi banyak orang memiliki potensi sebagai tempat terjadinya penularan penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan, sikap pedagang di pasar Giwangan tentang sanitasi, dikarenakan sanitasi memberikan kontribusi dalam mewujudkan kualitas kesehatan lingkungan. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pedagang pasar Giwangan Yogyakarta yang berjumlah 102 responden. Besar sampel tersebut dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus slovin. Penentuan sampel secara random dengan teknik simple random sampling. Instrument penelitian berupa kuesioner dan lembar checklist. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pedagang dengan pengetahuan sanitasi baik sebanyak 78 orang (76.5%), sikap baik sebanyak 76 orang (74.5%), dan persepsi tentang kualitas kesehatan lingkungan yang baik sebanyak 64 orang (62.7%). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukan ada hubungan antara pengetahuan (p=0.002 ≤ 0.05) dan sikap tentang sanitasi (p=0.006 ≤ 0.05) dengan persepsi kualitas kesehatan lingkungan di Pasar Giwangan Yogyakarta. Ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap pedagang tentang sanitasi dengan kualitas kesehatan lingkungan di pasar Giwangan Yogyakarta. Saran bagi pedagang agar lebih meningkatkan kesadaran dalam menjaga kesehatan lingkungan pasar sedangkan bagi pengelola pasar perlu adanya pemeliharaan tentang fasilitas dan meningkatkan ketersediaan fasilitas sanitasi di pasar.
THE SEMANTIC CHANGES IN THE VOCABULARY(ON THE BASIS OF THE RUSSIAN AND AZERBAIJANI LANGUAGES)
Authors: MAHARRAMOVA Sevinj
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the analysis of the semantic changes in the vocabularies of the Russian and Azerbaijani languages caused by the influence of the different factors. Semantic archaisms are systematized according their belonging to the concrete part of speech (nouns, adjectives, verbs) and given in the appropriate tables. The reasons of the semantic changes during the historical development of the language are explained.
Some Russian semantic archaisms are still used in the other Slavic languages (Ukrainian, Polish, Serbian). The historical excursus is carried out in the article, as necessary.
So though the meanings of the Russian and Azerbaijani words considered in the article are archaic they are preserved in the structure of the modern words and might be relevant to the specific fields. They are used as terms in the different fields of science, they are preserved in the dialects, folklore. They are also important components of idioms, proverbs, sayings as they are relics of the past retained in the modern Russian and Azerbaijani languages. They have their own characteristics that makes them unique lexical items.
Research of such semantic changes caused by the different factors is very interesting and significance both from the linguistic and historical standpoints.
Efektivitas POGIL pada Pembelajaran Kesetimbangan Kimia terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains dan Hasil Belajar Siswa dengan Kemampuan Awal Berbeda
Authors: Mu'minin Ali Amirul , Dasna I Wayan , Suharti Suharti
Published: August 2020

Studying hydrocarbon material requires ability in problem solving so students are able to identify, analyze, and describe abstract chemical concepts and principles into concrete. The purpose of this study was to the improving of students' hydrocarbon problem solving abilities through the SAVI learning model assisted by puzzle media. The research design used in this study was pre-experimental with a research design namely One Group Pretest-Posttest Design.The study was conducted at SMAN 7 Mataram, Jl. Adi Sucipto, Ampenan Utara, Kec. Ampenan, Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara. The subjects of this study were students of class XI Science. The research instrument include syllabus, lesson plans, worksheets, and multiple choice test items. Data were analyzed using the N-Gain test to find out the increased ability to solve hydrocarbon problems. The results showed that the level of N-Gain was in the range of 0.33 with a moderate category which meant an increase in students' problem solving abilities after using the SAVI model assisted by puzzle media. Thus, it can be concluded that students' problem solving abilities can be improved through the application of SAVI learning models assisted by puzzle media.
Short-Term Experience in Cochlear Implantation with Slim Modiolar Electrode Array (CI532): Comparison to Previous Devices
Authors: Park Jin Taek , Kwak Min Young , Kim Yehree , Lee Jee Yeon , Kang Woo Seok , Ahn Joong Ho , Chung Jong Woo , Park Hong Ju
Published: August 2020

Background and Objectives There have been no reports in Korea regarding cochlear implant surgeries using Cochlear Nucleus Profile Slim Modiolar electrode [CI532 (Cochlear Ltd.)], as it has been recently released in Korea. We aimed to investigate the short-term results of CI532 and compare them with previous devices with perimodiolar or straight electrodes arrays from the same manufacturer.Subjects and Method From August 2018 to July 2019, 52 patients (26 adults; 26 children) who underwent cochlear implantation of CI532 were included. The intraoperative impedance and evoked compound action potential (ECAP) threshold in each electrode were analyzed and compared with the devices with a perimodiolar electrode array [Contour Advance® (Cochlear Ltd.)] and a lateral wall electrode array [CI422 and CI522 (Cochlear Ltd.)]. Postoperative changes of hearing thresholds at each frequency (250, 500, and 1000 Hz) and aided word recognition scores (WRS) were also compared.Results CI532 showed significantly lower intraoperative impedance in the basal regions compared to the lateral wall electrode array. The ECAP thresholds of CI532 in the apical electrodes were significantly lower than that in the other two groups. After implantation, CI532 showed a significant preservation of hearing thresholds at most frequencies and showed significantly higher preservation rates than the other electrodes. However, there was no difference between the three groups regarding the postoperative short-term aided WRS.Conclusion CI532 showed lower intraoperative impedances and ECAP thresholds, and better short-term hearing preservation outcomes compared to the other electrodes, suggesting that CI532 electrode might be a better option with less traumatic insertion. However, there was no significant difference in the aided WRS, and further studies with a longer follow-up are necessary to examine the difference of audiologic outcomes.
Assessment of Indoor Air Quality in Otorhinolaryngology Clinics
Authors: Lee Kang Hyun , Kim Dong-Kyu
Published: August 2020

Background and Objectives Otorhinolaryngology clinics are frequently exposed to various air pollutants. This can have a potentially harmful effect on the health of the healthcare personnel. However, there is still a lack of studies on the assessment of indoor air quality in otorhinolaryngology clinics. Therefore, this study aimed to measure indoor air quality in otorhinolaryngology clinics.Subjects and Method In this study, we prospectively measured indoor air quality indices [particulate matter (PM), carbon dioxide (CO2), total volatile organic compounds (VOCs), PM2.5, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone] using portable passive air quality monitoring sensors in otorhinolaryngology clinics.Results The mean concentrations of PM, CO2, VOCs, and NO2 were significantly higher during office hours than after; however, there was no significant differences in CO and ozone concentration between the two time periods. The proportions of tolerable to poor-quality (exceeding acceptable level) levels of CO2, total VOCs, NO2 was 25%, 25%, 12.5% during office hours, respectively. On the other hand, there was no proportion of tolerable to poor-quality level of PM, CO, ozone during office hours.Conclusion We found that otorhinolaryngology clinics are easily exposed to ambient indoor air pollution. Therefore, we suggest implement health-related protective strategies for ambient indoor air pollution in otorhinolaryngology clinics may be needed for healthcare personnel.
A Case of Follicular Lymphoma of Sphenoid Sinus and Orbit
Authors: Park Chanhyeon , Lee Dong Hoo , Park Ha Young , Park Seong Kook
Published: August 2020

Malignant lymphoma is a tumor of the immune system. It mainly occurs in the lymph node, but it can also originate from extranodal organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, salivary gland and the sinonasal tract. A primary malignant lymphoma in the paranasal sinuses is rare and usually occurs in the maxillary or ethmoid sinus. The sphenoid sinus is a rare primary site for extranodal lymphomas. Moreover, follicular lymphoma involving paranasal sinuses rarely occurs. Recently, we experienced a patient who complained of facial swelling, exophthalmos, reduced visual acuity, and diplopia for a month, and she was diagnosed with follicular lymphoma of the sphenoid sinus and orbit. Here we report a rare case of follicular lymphoma of the sphenoid sinus and orbit, along with a literature review.
Taxonomy of Echinostoma revolutum and 37-Collar-Spined Echinostoma spp.: A Historical Review
Authors: Chai Jong-Yil , Cho Jaeeun , Chang Taehee , Jung Bong-Kwang , Sohn Woon-Mok
Published: August 2020

Echinostoma flukes armed with 37 collar spines on their head collar are called as 37-collar-spined Echinostoma spp. (group) or ‘Echinostoma revolutum group’. At least 56 nominal species have been described in this group. However, many of them were morphologically close to and difficult to distinguish from the other, thus synonymized with the others. However, some of the synonymies were disagreed by other researchers, and taxonomic debates have been continued. Fortunately, recent development of molecular techniques, in particular, sequencing of the mitochondrial (nad1 and cox1) and nuclear genes (ITS region; ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), has enabled us to obtain highly useful data on phylogenetic relationships of these 37-collar-spined Echinostoma spp. Thus, 16 different species are currently acknowledged to be valid worldwide, which include E. revolutum, E. bolschewense, E. caproni, E. cinetorchis, E. deserticum, E. lindoense, E. luisreyi, E. mekongi, E. miyagawai, E. nasincovae, E. novaezealandense, E. paraensei, E. paraulum, E. robustum, E. trivolvis, and Echinostoma sp. IG of Georgieva et al., 2013. The validity of the other 10 species is retained until further evaluation, including molecular analyses; E. acuticauda, E. barbosai, E. chloephagae, E. echinatum, E. jurini, E. nudicaudatum, E. parvocirrus, E. pinnicaudatum, E. ralli, and E. rodriguesi. In this review, the history of discovery and taxonomic debates on these 26 valid or validity-retained species are briefly reviewed.
Larval Gnathostomes and Spargana in Chinese Edible Frogs, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, from Myanmar: Potential Risk of Human Infection
Authors: Chai Jong-Yil , Jung Bong-Kwang , Ryu Jin-Youp , Kim Hyun-Seung , Hong Sung-Jong , Htoon Thi Thi , Tin Htay Htay , Na Byoung-Kuk , Sohn Woon-Mok
Published: August 2020

Chinese edible frogs, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, were examined to estimate the potential risks of human gnathostomiasis and sparganosis in Myanmar. A total of 20 frogs were purchased in a local market of Yangon and examined with naked eyes and the artificial digestion method after skin peeling in June 2018 and June 2019. Larvae of gnathostomes and Spirometra (=spargana) were detected in 15 (75.0%) and 15 (75.0%) frogs with average intensities of 10.5 and 6.3 larvae per infected frog, respectively. Gnathostome larvae were 2.75-3.80 (av. 3.30) mm long and 0.29-0.36 (0.33) mm wide. They had a characteristic head bulb with 4 rows of hooklets, a muscular long esophagus, and 2 pairs of cervical sac. The mean number of hooklets were 41, 44, 47, and 50 on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th row, respectively. Collected spargana were actively moving, particularly with the scolex part, and have ivory-white color and variable in size. Conclusively, it has been first confirmed that Chinese edible frogs, H. rugulosus, are highly infected with larval gnathostomes and spargana in this study. Consuming these frogs is considered a potential risk of human gnathostomiasis and sparganosis in Myanmar.
Evaluation of Rhophilin Associated Tail Protein (ROPN1L) in the Human Liver Fluke Opisthorchis viverrini for Diagnostic Approach
Authors: Geadkaew-Krenc Amornrat , Grams Rudi , Phadungsil Wansika , Chaibangyang Wanlapa , Kosa Nanthawat , Adisakwattana Poom , Dekumyoy Paron
Published: August 2020

Tegumental and excretory-secretory proteins are reported as diagnostic antigens for human opisthorchiasis. Rhophilin associated tail protein1-like (OvROPN1L) protein of Opisthorchis viverrini sperm tail showed potential as a diagnostic antigen. The OvROPN1L recombinant fragments were assayed for diagnostic antigenicity for human opisthorchiasis using indirect ELISA. The strongest antigenic region was a N-terminus peptide of M1 - P56. One synthetic peptide (P1, L3-Q13) of this region showed the highest antigenicity to opisthorchiasis. Sera from other parasitic infections including Strongyloides stercoralis, hookworm, Taenia spp, minute intestinal flukes, Paragonimus spp showed lower reactivity to P1. Peptide P1 is located in the disordered N-terminus of ROPN1L supporting its suitability as linear epitope. In the Platyhelminthes the N-terminal sequence of ROPN1L is diverging with taxonomic distance further suggesting that peptide P1 has potential as diagnostic tool in the genus Opisthorchis/Clonorchis. It should be further evaluated in combination with peptides derived from other O. viverrini antigens to increase its diagnostic power.
PENGARUH METODE WAFA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN ANAK MEMBACA AL-QUR’AN DI MI AL-HIDAYAH MANGKUJAJAR KEMBANGBAHU LAMONGAN
Authors: Fithriyah Musa'adatul
Published: August 2020

The Qur'an learning is very fundamental in Islamic education, especially in elementary education. The Qur'an is one of the subjects that must be taught to children. Early education in the Qur'an is expected to produce young people having a strong mental foundation, education not only makes children as prosperous in the world, but also provides sufficient provisions to both improve their religion and practice their scriptures. To be able to practice the Holy Qur'an correctly, children must be guided and taught how to read the Qur'an properly in accordance with the rules of true recitation. In fact the Qur'an learning at MI AL-Hidayah Mangkujajar Kembangbahu Lamongan initially tended to be monotonous for being dominated by conventional learning methods. As a result,  the Qur'an learning only produced generations that could read the Qur'an with the average ability without any sense of love and closeness to the Qur'an instead of having enthusiasm in learning it well. As time goes by, the Qur'an learning at MI Al-Hidayah has increasingly developed by applying the so-called Wafa method. This method teaches children to be able to read and memorize the Qur'an by maximizing the right brain. This is classified as a new method, but it is quite practical and fun in the learning process. The research was aimed at determining the effect of the Wafa method on the ability of children to read the Qur'an at MI Al-Hidayah Mangkujajar Kembangbahu Lamongan. The research method is quantitative with the experimental type of one group pretest-post test, data analysis techniques use the mean pretest and posttest, in addition, to testing the hypothesis it uses the Paired Sample T-Test with the SPSS 16. The results showed the influence of the Wafa method on the children ability to read the Qur'an at MI Al-Hidayah Mangkujajar Kembangbahu Lamongan. It was proven from the results of the analysis through the mean pretest formula, it was obtained a value of 82.92 and increased in the acquisition of the mean value of posttest amounted to 85.75. In addition, in the Paired Sample T-Test based on significance values with SPSS 16, it is known that the Sig. (2-tailed) value is 0,000 <0,05, because sig. (2-tailed) of 0,000 is smaller than 0.05, then the hypothesis is accepted and it could be concluded that there is an influence of the WAFA Method on the ability to read the Qur'an at MI Al-Hidayah Mangkujajar Kembangbahu Lamongan.
Salmon louse infestation in wild brown trout populations generates multi-modal mixture distributions
Authors: Diserud OH , Hedger R , Finstad B , Hendrichsen D , Jensen AJ , Ugedal O
Published: August 2020

For successful evaluation of the overall effects of salmon louse infestation on brown trout population dynamics, it is crucial to have a realistic understanding of how lice infestation distributions are generated and how they should be interpreted. Here, we simulated the potential effects of spatio-temporal variance in lice larvae densities, temporal variance in sea trout marine migration timing and spatial variance in marine habitat use on lice infestation distributions. We show that, when sampling populations with individual variation in marine behaviour, e.g. from post-smolts to veteran migrants, we must expect multi-modal mixture lice infestation distributions. Applying standard statistical distributions, such as the Poisson, negative binomial or zero-inflated distributions, can be too simplistic and give biased results. Temporary increases in salmon lice load in a given area may have inconsistent effects among individuals of a population and may be critical for vulnerable groups such as post-smolts, dependent on timing. For many analyses, it will be necessary to resolve the contributions from groups of fish with different lice infestation expectations due to spatio-temporal differences in habitat use within the overall mixture distribution. Another consequence is that different data sources, obtained by different methods or sampled at different locations and periods, must be expected to give different lice infestation distributions, even when sampling the same population. We also discuss additional factors that may complicate the interpretation of salmon lice infestation distributions on sea trout, such as lice-induced mortality, and behavioural changes, such as premature return to less saline water for delousing.
Development of Radiometric Assays for Quantification of Enzyme Activities of the Key Enzymes of Thyroid Hormones Metabolism
Authors: PAVELKA S.
Published: August 2020

We newly elaborated and adapted several radiometric enzyme assays for the determination of activities of the key enzymes engaged in the biosynthesis (thyroid peroxidase, TPO) and metabolic transformations (conjugating enzymes and iodothyronine deiodinases, IDs) of thyroid hormones (THs) in the thyroid gland and in peripheral tissues, especially in white adipose tissue (WAT). We also elaborated novel, reliable radiometric methods for extremely sensitive determination of enzyme activities of IDs of types 1, 2 and 3 in microsomal fractions of different rat and human tissues, as well as in homogenates of cultured mammalian cells. The use of optimized TLC separation of radioactive products from the unconsumed substrates and film-less autoradiography of radiochromatograms, taking advantage of storage phosphor screens, enabled us to determine IDs enzyme activities as low as 10-18 katals. In studies of the interaction of fluoxetine (Fluox) with the metabolism of THs, we applied adapted radiometric enzyme assays for iodothyronine sulfotransferases (ST) and uridine 5’-diphospho-glucuronyltransferase (UDP-GT). Fluox is the most frequently used representative of a new group of non-tricyclic antidepressant drugs – selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. We used the elaborated assays for quantification the effects of Fluox and for the assessment of the degree of potential induction of rat liver ST and/or UDP-GT enzyme activities by Fluox alone or in combination with T3. Furthermore, we studied possible changes in IDs activities in murine adipose tissue under the conditions that promoted either tissue hypertrophy (obesogenic treatment) or involution (caloric restriction), and in response to leptin, using our newly developed radiometric enzyme assays for IDs. Our results suggest that deiodinase D1 has a functional role in WAT, with D1 possibly being involved in the control of adipose tissue metabolism and/or accumulation of the tissue. Significant positive correlation between specific enzyme activity of D1 in WAT and plasma leptin levels was found. The newly developed and adapted radiometric enzyme assays proved to be very useful tools for studies of factors modulating THs metabolism, not only in model animals but also in clinical studies of human obesity.
The Interaction of Calcium Entry and Calcium Sensitization in the Control of Vascular Tone and Blood Pressure of Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats
Authors: ZICHA J. , BEHULIAK M. , PINTÉROVÁ M. , BENCZE M. , KUNEŠ J. , VANĚČKOVÁ I.
Published: August 2020

Increased systemic vascular resistance is responsible for blood pressure (BP) elevation in most forms of human or experimental hypertension. The enhanced contractility of structurally remodeled resistance arterioles is mediated by enhanced calcium entry (through L type voltage-dependent calcium channels – L-VDCC) and/or augmented calcium sensitization (mediated by RhoA/Rho kinase pathway). It is rather difficult to evaluate separately the role of these two pathways in BP control because BP response to the blockade of either pathway is always dependent on the concomitant activity of the complementary pathway. Moreover, vasoconstrictor systems enhance the activity of both pathways, while vasodilators attenuate them. The basal fasudil-sensitive calcium sensitization determined in rats deprived of endogenous renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in which calcium entry was dose-dependently increased by L-VDCC opener BAY K8644, is smaller in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) than in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. In contrast, if endogenous RAS and SNS were present in intact rats, fasudil caused a greater BP fall in SHR than WKY rats. Our in vivo experiments indicated that the endogenous pressor systems (RAS and SNS) augment calcium sensitization mediated by RhoA/Rho kinase pathway, whereas the endogenous vasodilator systems (such as nitric oxide) attenuate this pathway. However, the modulation of calcium entry and calcium sensitization by nitric oxide is strain-dependent because NO deficiency significantly augments low calcium entry in WKY and low calcium sensitization in SHR. Further in vivo and in vitro experiments should clarify the interrelationships between endogenous vasoactive systems and the contribution of calcium entry and/or calcium sensitization to BP maintenance in various forms of experimental hypertension.
3D Microscopic Imaging and Evaluation of Tubular Tissue Architecture
Authors: JANÁČEK J. , ČAPEK M. , MICHÁLEK J. , KAREN P. , KUBÍNOVÁ L.
Published: August 2020

3D microscopy and image analysis provide reliable measurements of length, branching, density, tortuosity and orientation of tubular structures in biological samples. We present a survey of methods for analysis of large samples by measurement of local differences in geometrical characteristics. The methods are demonstrated on the structure of the capillary bed in a rat brain.
Proteomics of Human Teeth and Saliva
Authors: JÁGR M. , ECKHARDT A. , PATARIDIS S. , BROUKAL Z. , DUŠKOVÁ J. , MIKŠÍK I.
Published: August 2020

Teeth have been a focus of interest for many centuries – due to medical problems with them. They are the hardest part of the human body and are composed of three mineralized parts – enamel, dentin and cementum, together with the soft pulp. However, saliva also has a significant impact on tooth quality. Proteomic research of human teeth is now accelerating, and it includes all parts of the tooth. Some methodological problems still need to be overcome in this research field – mainly connected with calcified tissues. This review will provide an overview of the current state of research with focus on the individual parts of the tooth and pellicle layer as well as saliva. These proteomic results can help not only stomatology in terms of early diagnosis, identifying risk factors, and systematic control.
The Bhīma Svarga: Cerita Tiada Akhir
Authors: Anjani Anggita
Published: August 2020

Book review

Aditia Gunawan, 2019. Bhīma Svarga Teks Jawa Kuna Abad ke-15 dan Penurunan Naskahnya. Jakarta: Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia.
Current and Prospective Strategies on Detecting and Managing Colletotrichumfalcatum Causing Red Rot of Sugarcane
Authors: Hossain Md Imam , Ahmad Khairulmazmi , Siddiqui Yasmeen , Saad Norsazilawati , Rahman Ziaur , Haruna Ahmed Osumanu , Bejo Siti Khairunniza
Published: August 2020

Sugarcane is an important industrial crop because it is the major source of white sugar. It is also one of the crops for the alcohol and biofuel industries. Disease-causing organisms can significantly decrease the productivity of sugarcane plants and sugar quality. Among the disease-causing organisms, Colletotrichum falcatum Went causes the most significant economic loss (5–50%) in the sugarcane production due to red rot disease. This loss results in only 31% sugar recovery. It is reported that C. falcatum can kill sugarcane plants. Currently, there is no sustainable way of preventing red rot disease from spreading in sugarcane plantations. Many popular sugarcane varieties are no longer used in sugarcane cultivation because of their susceptibility to C. falcatum. The objectives of this manuscript were to: (i) summarize existing approaches for the early detection of red rot disease and controlling techniques of red rot disease in the field and laboratory and (ii) assess red rot disease control effectiveness so as to propose better methods for mitigating the spread C. falcatum. If our proposition is adopted or practiced, it could significantly contribute to the mitigation of C. falcatum infection in the sugarcane industry. This could enable achieving sustainable cultivation of sugarcanes to guarantee the sustainability of the sugar industry in the tropics and the subtropics.
Effect of Environmental Conditions on the Yield of Peel and Composition of Essential Oils from Citrus Cultivated in Bahia (Brazil) and Corsica (France)
Authors: Luro François , Garcia Neves Claudia , Costantino Gilles , da Silva Gesteira Abelmon , Paoli Mathieu , Ollitrault Patrick , Tomi Félix , Micheli Fabienne , Gibernau Marc
Published: August 2020

The cosmetic and fragrance industry largely exploits citrus essential oils (EOs) because of their aromatic properties. EO compositions are complex and differ between fruit pericarp (PEO) and leaf (LEO). Citrus fruit grow in many countries under very different climates. Seventeen citrus cultivars were selected and their similarities between the two collections were verified by SSR (Single Sequence Repeat) and InDel (Insertion and Deletion) markers to assess the effects of the environment and cultivation practices on the EO yield and composition. LEOs and PEOs were extracted by water distillation and analyzed by GC-MS. PEO yields were generally higher in Corsica than in Bahia, especially in the citron family. PEOs in this family were richer in limonene in Bahia than in Corsica while, conversely, neral, geranial and derivatives were present in a higher proportion in Corsican varieties. A few minor components were site-specific, such as nookaton, a pummelo-specific compound that was not present in grapefruit cultivated in Bahia. If climate change over the last 20 years has not affected the PEO composition in Corsica, the contrasted environmental conditions and cultural practices between Bahia and Corsica could possibly explain the EO variations.
Screening of Organic Substrates for Solid-State Fermentation, Viability and Bioefficacy of Trichoderma harzianum AS12-2, a Biocontrol Strain Against Rice Sheath Blight Disease
Authors: Naeimi Shahram , Khosravi Vahid , Varga András , Vágvölgyi Csaba , Kredics László
Published: August 2020

The present study was undertaken to find the most suitable organic substrates for the biomass production, viability and efficacy of the biocontrol strain Trichoderma harzianum AS12-2 in the solid-state fermentation system. In total, 13 inexpensive, locally available substrates (agricultural wastes or by-products) were inoculated with the antagonist, and following one month of incubation at room temperature, all colonized substrates were air dried and ground to powder. The shelf life and viability of the Trichoderma strain were assessed as colony-forming units per gram (CFUs g−1) of each substrate on a monthly basis for up to one year at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C) and in the refrigerator (4 °C). In order to find out the effect of the substrate on the bioefficacy of T. harzianum AS12-2, the biocontrol potential of the formulations was evaluated against rice sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani. The results showed that the fungus colonized more or less all substrates after one month, although the degree of colonization and conidiation was different among the substrates, being especially high in broom sorghum grain, rice husk, rice straw, rice bran and sugar beet pulp. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the population in the substrates in “Month 0” showed that the effect of treatment was significant, and the means were significantly different. The maximum population was recorded for broom sorghum grain and rice straw (6.4 × 1010 and 5.3 × 1010 CFUs g−1, respectively). The population declined in all substrates after one year of incubation at room temperature. This decline was relatively smaller in broom sorghum grain, rice straw and rice husk. On the other hand, the population in the same substrate incubated in the refrigerator was decreased in a mild slope, and the final population was high. In addition, the results of greenhouse assay showed that all bioformulations were effective in controlling the disease, and there were no significant differences among the substrates. According to the results of this study, broom sorghum grain, rice husk, rice straw, sugar beet pulp and cow dung could be recommended as suitable fermentation media for the industrial-scale production of T. harzianum strains.
A Comparison of Two Methodological Approaches for Determining Castor Bean Suitability in Chile
Authors: Román-Figueroa Celián , Cortez Donna , Paneque Manuel
Published: August 2020

Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) contains ricinoleic acid, making it one of the world’s most important oil-seeds. There are few studies on this species in Chile, despite its potential as an industrial crop. This study evaluated two methodologies (simplistic and presence-species) for determining the aptitude of land for growing castor beans, both of which use climatic information. The simplistic and presence-species methodologies identified 27.89 and 13.19 million ha, respectively. The most important difference between both methodologies was that the mean minimum annual temperature (TNA) was −8.0 °C in the simplistic method, meaning that some areas in the southernmost regions of Chile (Aysén and Magallanes) should be able to grow the plant. Therefore, TNA = 8.0 °C was selected, and the zonation by simplistic methodology was updated. Consequently, both zonations showed similar results, although the presence-species method included northern coastlines, precisely where castor bean has been recorded, while the simplistic method did not. Finally, both methodologies determined the best condition to be central-south Chile, between the Maule and Araucanía regions, even though castor bean presence has only been recorded up to the Maule region. These regions have a huge potential to establish castor beans, but more information about agronomic practices is necessary for its development in Chile.
Benzoxazinoids Biosynthesis in Rye (Secale cereale L.) Is Affected by Low Temperature
Authors: Bakera Beata , Święcicka Magdalena , Stochmal Anna , Kowalczyk Mariusz , Bolibok Leszek , Rakoczy-Trojanowska Monika
Published: August 2020

Benzoxazinoids (BXs) are specialized metabolites with protective properties that are synthesized predominantly by Poaceae species, including rye (Secale cereale). Among factors known to influence BXs production, prolonged low temperature has not been studied previously. In this study, the influence of cultivation at 4 °C, which is essential for vernalization, on the concentration of BXs (HBOA, DIBOA, GDIBOA, DIMBOA, GDIMBOA, and MBOA) and the expression level of genes involved in the BX biosynthesis pathway (ScBx1–ScBx5 and ScIgl) in three rye inbred lines was investigated. After cultivation for seven weeks at 4 °C, the expression level of all analyzed genes and BX concentrations had decreased compared with those at the initiation of treatment (21 days after germination) in control and cold-treated plants. At this time point, the decrease in BX concentrations and gene expression was lower in cold-treated plants than in untreated plants. In contrast, at 77 days after germination, the gene expression levels and BX concentrations in untreated plants had generally increased. Investigation of the vernalization impact on rye BXs accumulation, as well as on Bx gene expression, may aid with determination of the most suitable winter lines and cultivars of rye for cultivation and breeding purposes.
Weed Management in Dry Direct-Seeded Rice: A Review on Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Rice Production
Authors: Shekhawat Kapila , Rathore Sanjay Singh , Chauhan Bhagirath S.
Published: August 2020

Rice cultivation always remains significant for food and livelihood security. The predictions of increasing water deficiency under a changing climate and escalating labor shortages in agriculture have brought a paradigm swing in rice cultivation from conventionally flooded transplanting to direct-seeded rice (DSR). DSR cultivation can potentially address the concerns of diminishing natural resources and mounting production costs in the establishment of transplanted rice. The transition towards DSR saves water, reduces duration to maturity as well as labor required, and reduces negative environmental footprints. Despite all these recompenses, the potential yield losses through enormous weed menaces under DSR remains a challenge and may reduce yield by up to 50%. In this review, we examine the extent of weed infestation, weed shift and the losses in dry DSR (DDSR). Various regional and global scientific efforts made under DDSR have been assessed in the present and the smart weed-management strategies suggested can be adopted after scrutiny. Integration of different weed management approaches, namely prevention, cultural, mechanical, and chemical, have been discussed, which can pave the way for worldwide adoption of DDSR, especially in South Asia. In Asia, 22% of the acreage of total rice cultivation is under DSR and the region-specific integration of these weed-management approaches might reduce herbicide use in these areas by up to 50%.
Oral Transmucosal Cannabidiol Oil Formulation as Part of a Multimodal Analgesic Regimen: Effects on Pain Relief and Quality of Life Improvement in Dogs Affected by Spontaneous Osteoarthritis
Authors: Brioschi Federica Alessandra , Di Cesare Federica , Gioeni Daniela , Rabbogliatti Vanessa , Ferrari Francesco , D’Urso Elisa Silvia , Amari Martina , Ravasio Giuliano
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral transmucosal (OTM) cannabidiol (CBD), in addition to a multimodal pharmacological treatment for chronic osteoarthritis-related pain in dogs. Twenty-one dogs were randomly divided into two groups: in group CBD (n = 9), OTM CBD (2 mg kg−1 every 12 h) was included in the therapeutic protocol (anti-inflammatory drug, gabapentin, amitriptyline), while in group C (n = 12), CBD was not administered. Dogs were evaluated by owners based on the Canine Brief Pain Inventory scoring system before treatment initiation (T0), and one (T1), two (T2), four (T3) and twelve (T4) weeks thereafter. Pain Severity Score was significantly lower in CBD than in C group at T1 (p = 0.0002), T2 (p = 0.0043) and T3 (p = 0.016). Pain Interference Score was significantly lower in CBD than in C group at T1 (p = 0.0002), T2 (p = 0.0007) and T4 (p = 0.004). Quality of Life Index was significantly higher in CBD group at T1 (p = 0.003). The addition of OTM CBD showed promising results. Further pharmacokinetics and long-term studies in larger populations are needed to encourage its inclusion into a multimodal pharmacological approach for canine osteoarthritis-related pain.
The Effect of Adding Different Levels of Curcumin and Its Nanoparticles to Extender on Post-Thaw Quality of Cryopreserved Rabbit Sperm
Authors: Abdelnour Sameh , Hassan Mahmoud , Mohammed Amer , Alhimaidi Ahmad , Al-Gabri Naif , Al-Khaldi Khalid , Swelum Ayman
Published: August 2020

The cryopreservation process adversely affects sperm function and quality traits, causing some changes at biochemical and structural levels, due to mechanical, thermal, osmotic, and oxidative damage. Supplementation with curcumin nanoparticles could prevent and even revert this effect and could enhance the post/thawed sperm quality in the rabbit. The study amid to explore the effect of curcumin (CU) and curcumin nanoparticles (CUNPs) supplementation in semen extender on post/thawed rabbit sperm quality. Twelve fertile, healthy rabbit bucks were included, and the ejaculates were collected using artificial vaginas. Rabbit pooled semen was cryopreserved in tris-yolk fructose (TYF) extender without any supplement (control group) or extender supplemented with CU at levels of 0.5, 1 or 1.5 µg/mL (CU0.5, CU1.0, and CU1.5, respectively) or CUNPs at levels of 0.5, 1, 1.5 (CUNPs0.5, CUNPs1.0, and CUNPs1.5, respectively) and was packed in straws (0.25 mL) and stored in liquid nitrogen (−196 °C). Results revealed that CUNPs1.5 had a positive influence (p < 0.05) on post-thawing sperm progressive motility, viability, and membrane integrity as compared with the other groups. Percentages of dead sperm, abnormalities, early apoptotic, apoptotic, and necrotic sperm cells reduced (p < 0.05) in CUNPs1.5 as compared to other treatments. Using 1.5 µg/mL of CUNPs significantly improved total antioxidant capacity (TAC), GPx, while MDA and POC reduced (p < 0.05) in CU1.5 in comparison with other groups. SOD values were enhanced (p < 0.05) in CUNPs1.0 and CUNPs1.5 in relation with other treatments. Conclusively, the addition of curcumin and its nanoparticles to the extender can improve the post-thawed quality of rabbit sperm via redox signaling and reduce the apoptosis process.
Fatty Acid Composition in Blubber, Liver, and Muscle of Marine Mammals in the Southern Baltic Sea
Authors: Dannenberger Dirk , Möller Ramona , Westphal Linda , Moritz Timo , Dähne Michael , Grunow Bianka
Published: August 2020

To date, only limited results on the fatty composition in different tissues of the top predators in the Baltic Sea are available. In the current study, tissue samples of blubber, skeletal muscle, and liver from 8 harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) and 17 grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in the Baltic Sea off Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania were included in the investigation. While the total fatty acid content in liver and blubber tissue revealed no differences between both species, the total fatty acid content of muscle tissue was significantly differentand showed higher concentrations in harbour porpoise muscle compared with grey seals. The most abundant fatty acids in the blubber of grey seals and harbour porpoises (18:1cis-9, 16:1cis-9, 16:0 and 22:6n-3) were present in similar quantities and ratios to each other as known from other marine top predators. If future studies can show that differences in tissue fatty acid content are caused by variation in the nutritional status, and this may lead to the development of a more objective assessment of body condition in seals and porpoises recovered via stranding schemes.