bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why Didn't Paris Burn in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries?
Authors: Garrioch David
Published: January 2019

Several European cities experienced devastating fires in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and some burned repeatedly. Paris did not. Yet there, as elsewhere, the central quarters were crowded, and wood was widely used. People relied on naked flames for heating, cooking, and lighting and for most industrial processes. This article suggests that a combination of interconnected factors explains Paris's good fortune and differentiated it from other cities. It enjoyed a climate that reduced the likelihood of bad fires and provided abundant water, assisted by a geology that also offered fire-resistant building materials. These factors helped its inhabitants fight fires with surprising success, even before the creation of a permanent fire service. The nature of the city's economy also helped, because there were few concentrations of highly combustible products, and its various institutions of government collaborated to make both preventive measures and fire control more effective.

Plusieurs grandes villes européennes ont connu au moins un incendie dévastateur au cours des dix-septième et dix-huitième siècles, mais Paris échappa à ce fléau. Et pourtant, comme dans d'autres villes, les habitants utilisaient le feu pour se chauffer, pour s'éclairer, et dans l'industrie. Cet article suggère qu'une série de facteurs, pris ensemble, explique ce phénomène et différencie Paris de beaucoup d'autres villes modernes. Un climat favorable réduisait la probabilité de graves incendies et assurait une abondance d'eau, alors que le sous-sol fournissait des matières de construction bon marché et assez résistantes au feu. Ces éléments favorisaient la lutte contre l'incendie, en général efficace même avant la création des pompiers. L'économie de la ville nécessitait peu de stockage de produits combustibles, ce qui réduisait encore le risque. Enfin, les mesures prises par les différentes juridictions administratives et policières, qui travaillaient ensemble de façon étonnamment harmonieuse, rendaient les mesures préventives et de contrôle relativement efficaces.
Imperial Ideologies in the Second Empire
Authors: Carroll Christina
Published: January 2019

This article examines Napoléon III's attempt to reimagine the Second Empire during the early 1860s in the face of growing public frustration with France's domestic and foreign politics. It argues that Napoléon III sought to secure the Second Empire's popularity by associating it with the legacy of ancient Rome and the memory of Napoléon I. He also worked to expand the meaning of the empire's identity by defining it not only as a political program within France but also as an expansive, multinational structure. The article shows that this vision of empire came into focus in a series of political conflicts over the Mexican expedition and the ideal organization of Algeria. Its examination of this conversation surrounding empire and its meanings highlights how discourses of European racial superiority over colonial others intersected with arguments about the organization of the French state in nineteenth-century imperial thought.

Cet article examine les tentatives de Napoléon III pour réinventer le Second Empire au début des années 1860. Face au mécontentement populaire avec sa politique intérieure et extérieure, l'empereur essaya de renforcer le soutien populaire au Second Empire en l'associant avec l'héritage de Rome antique et la mémoire de Napoléon Ier. Il voulut également élargir la signification de l'Empire en le définissant non seulement comme un programme politique hexagonal mais aussi comme une structure multinationale étendue. Cette vision de l'empire se clarifia à travers une série de débats sur l'invasion du Mexique et l'organisation idéale de l'Algérie. Dans le cadre de la pensée impériale du dix-neuvième siècle, les discours de supériorité raciale des Européens vis-à-vis des sujets coloniaux se croisèrent avec des idées sur l'organisation étatique française.
Memory and Resistance
Authors: DeLappe Joseph
Published: January 2019

Joseph DeLappe is a visual artist and activist. Images and texts in this feature detail a diversity of creative projects and actions that challenge and question our contemporary militaristic context. These works explore the intersections of art, technology, social engagement, and interventionist strategies. The included projects utilize digital processes, interruptive strategies, and participatory processes as tools for political, social, and creative transformation.
Tunneling nanotubes, a novel mode of tumor cell–macrophage communication in tumor cell invasion
Authors: Hanna Samer J. , McCoy-Simandle Kessler , Leung Edison , Genna Alessandro , Condeelis John , Cox Dianne
Published: January 2019

The interaction between tumor cells and macrophages is crucial in promoting tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, we examined a novel mechanism of intercellular communication, namely membranous actin-based tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), that occurs between macrophages and tumor cells in the promotion of macrophage-dependent tumor cell invasion. The presence of heterotypic TNTs between macrophages and tumor cells induced invasive tumor cell morphology, which was dependent on EGF–EGFR signaling. Furthermore, reduction of a protein involved in TNT formation, M-Sec (TNFAIP2), in macrophages inhibited tumor cell elongation, blocked the ability of tumor cells to invade in 3D and reduced macrophage-dependent long-distance tumor cell streaming in vitro. Using an in vivo zebrafish model that recreates macrophage-mediated tumor cell invasion, we observed TNT-mediated macrophage-dependent tumor cell invasion, distant metastatic foci and areas of metastatic spread. Overall, our studies support a role for TNTs as a novel means of interaction between tumor cells and macrophages that leads to tumor progression and metastasis.
Parasitic gut infection causes functional and molecular resemblance of Libellula pulchella dragonfly flight muscle to skeletal muscle of obese vertebrates
Authors: Schilder Rudolf J. , Stewart Hannah
Published: January 2019

We previously demonstrated the existence of a naturally occurring, metabolic disease phenotype in Libellula pulchella dragonflies, that shows high similarity to vertebrate obesity and type II diabetes, and is caused by a protozoan gut parasite. To further mechanistic understanding of how this metabolic disease phenotype affects male L. pulchella fitness in vivo, we examined infection effects on in situ muscle performance- and molecular traits relevant to L. pulchella flight performance in nature. Importantly, these traits were previously shown to be affected in obese vertebrates. Similar to obesity effects in rat skeletal muscle, dragonfly gut infection caused a disruption of relationships between body mass, flight muscle power output and alternative pre-mRNA splicing of troponin T, a trait known to affect muscle calcium sensitivity and performance in insects and vertebrates. In addition, when simulated in situ to contract at cycle frequencies ranging from 20-45Hz, infected individuals' flight muscles displayed a left-shift in the power-cycle frequency curves, i.e., their optimal cycle frequency was significantly reduced. Interestingly, this left-shift resulted in power-cycle frequency curves that were similar to those produced by flight muscles of non-infected, teneral (i.e., physiologically immature) adult L. pulchella males. Overall, our results indicate that effects of metabolic disease on skeletal muscle physiology in natural insect systems are similar to those observed in vertebrates maintained in laboratory settings. More generally, they indicate that study of natural, host-parasite interactions can contribute important insight into how environmental factors other than diet and exercise may contribute to the development of metabolic disease phenotypes.
A viral RNA motif involved in signaling the initiation of translation on non-AUG codons
Authors: Sanz Miguel Angel , Almela Esther González , García-Moreno Manuel , Marina Ana Isabel , Carrasco Luis
Published: January 2019

Noncanonical translation, and particularly initiation on non-AUG codons, are frequently used by viral and cellular mRNAs during virus infection and disease. The Sindbis virus (SINV) subgenomic mRNA (sgRNA) constitutes a unique model system to analyze the translation of a capped viral mRNA without the participation of several initiation factors. Moreover, sgRNA can initiate translation even when the AUG initiation codon is replaced by other codons. Using SINV replicons, we examined the efficacy of different codons in place of AUG to direct the synthesis of the SINV capsid protein. The substitution of AUG by CUG was particularly efficient in promoting the incorporation of leucine or methionine in similar percentages at the amino terminus of the capsid protein. Additionally, valine could initiate translation when the AUG is replaced by GUG. The ability of sgRNA to initiate translation on non-AUG codons was dependent on the integrity of a downstream stable hairpin (DSH) structure located in the coding region. The structural requirements of this hairpin to signal the initiation site on the sgRNA were examined in detail. Of interest, a virus bearing CUG in place of AUG in the sgRNA was able to infect cells and synthesize significant amounts of capsid protein. This virus infects the human haploid cell line HAP1 and the double knockout variant that lacks eIF2A and eIF2D. Collectively, these findings indicate that leucine-tRNA or valine-tRNA can participate in the initiation of translation of sgRNA by a mechanism dependent on the DSH. This mechanism does not involve the action of eIF2, eIF2A, or eIF2D.
The role of Endocan as a Prognostic Biomarker in community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Günaydın Şenay , Küçük Mehmet , Günaydın Uluğ Mutlu
Published: January 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the importance of using endocan as a biomarker in deciding the setting of treatment and predicting prognosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods: This prospective, case-control study was conducted at Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital between November 20, 2016 to March 20th 2017. Blood samples were obtained from 63 patients who were admitted to internal medicine clinic due to CAP and 25 volunteers without active infection. Serum samples were centrifuged at 1000G for 15 minutes and stored at -20ºC. Samples were analyzed using human ESM1 (endocan) (Lot No: AK0017MAR0830) (Elabscience, Texas, USA) kit with Robonik (Mumbai, India) ELISA Plate Reader and Washer. Demographic and clinical data of the patients were recorded. CURB-65, qSOFA and Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) scores were calculated. Primary endpoint of the study was 30-days mortality.

Results: Mean serum endocan levels of the study group and the control group were 30.99±3.3 pg/ml and 246.5±49.95pg/ml, respectively. The difference between groups was statistically significant (p<0.005). 30-days mortality rate was 12.7% with eight patients, three of which died subsequently in the ICU. When patients were classified according to PSI and CURB-65 scores, endocan levels of PSI class ≥4 and CURB-65 ≥2 individuals were found to be significantly different than the control group. ROC analysis showed that serum endocan levels less than 64.96pg/ml has 85.2% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity for PSI class ≥4 and 82.4% sensitivity and 55.6% specificity for CURB-65 score ≥2.

Conclusion: Serum endocan levels are significantly lower in patients with community-acquired pneumonia than the control group.

How to cite this:Gunaydin S, Kucuk M, Gunaydin UM. The role of Endocan as a Prognostic Biomarker in community-acquired pneumonia. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):117-123. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.280

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Die Unterschenkelvenenthrombose – eine Erkrankung für Spezialisten
Authors: Herold J. , Bauersachs R.
Published: January 2019

Für Patienten mit proximalen Thrombosen oder Lungenembolien ist die antikoagulatorische Behandlung klar definiert. Sind distale Venen thrombosiert gibt es in den aktuellen nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien widersprüchliche Empfehlungen, welche von therapeutischer Antikoagulation über 3 Monate oder länger, über intermediäre Antikoagulation über einen kürzeren Zeitraum bis hin zum Verzicht auf Antikoagulation bei klinischer Überwachung reichen. Dieser Artikel soll hierüber anhand der Zusammenstellung aktueller Studien, Leitlinien und Expertenmeinungen die doch meist patientenindividuelle Therapieempfehlung kritisch beleuchten und dann erleichtern.
Recent advances in understanding intestinal stem cell regulation
Authors: Hu Deqing , Yan Han , He Xi C , Li Linheng
Published: January 2019

Intestinal homeostasis and regeneration are driven by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) lying in the crypt. In addition to the actively cycling ISCs that maintain daily homeostasis, accumulating evidence supports the existence of other pools of stem/progenitor cells with the capacity to repair damaged tissue and facilitate rapid restoration of intestinal integrity after injuries. Appropriate control of ISCs and other populations of intestinal epithelial cells with stem cell activity is essential for intestinal homeostasis and regeneration while their deregulation is implicated in colorectal tumorigenesis. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings about ISC identity and cellular plasticity in intestine, discuss regulatory mechanisms that control ISCs for intestinal homeostasis and regeneration, and put a particular emphasis on extrinsic niche-derived signaling and intrinsic epigenetic regulation. Moreover, we highlight several fundamental questions about the precise mechanisms conferring robust capacity for intestine to maintain physiological homeostasis and repair injuries.
Comparative study of the in vitro phytochemicals and antimicrobial potential of six medicinal plants
Authors: Nwonuma Charles O. , Adelani-Akande Tabitha A. , Osemwegie Omorefosa O. , Olaniran Abiola F. , Adeyemo Toluwani A.
Published: January 2019

Background: This study sought to investigate the antimicrobial activity of six plants used in traditional medicine in Africa.

Methods: The antimicrobial activity of the six medicinal plant extracts (aqueous and ethanol) were evaluated against Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 21784), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27856) were Aspergillus fumigatus using the agar-well diffusion protocol. The activities of these extracts were compared with the positive controls chloramphenicol and griseofulvin. Similarly, the phytochemicals from the extracts were qualitatively assayed and their percentage yield calculated by standard methods.

Results: The bacterial organisms used, P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa, were slightly-to-highly susceptible to aqueous and ethanolic extracts from the various test plants, while A. fumigatus was insensitive to the treatments. The ethanolic extracts of the sampled plants showed superior inhibitory performance on the target bacteria to the aqueous extracts. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Aframomum melegueta, Moringa oleifera and Cola nitida showed inhibitory consistency against the target bacteria. Superior inhibitory activity was observed for ethanol extracts of A. melegueta seed and M. oleifera pod against P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa. Variations in phytochemicals were noticed across solvents and plant parts for all plants. Phenols were detected in the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. nitida and Cola acuminate, but relatively appeared denser in extracts of A. melegueta seed and Chrysophyllum albidium fruits. The extracts of C. nitida, C. acuminate and A. melegueta tested positive for the presence of flavonoids, which were undetected in C. albidium and M. oleifera seed and pod extracts. None of the extracts showed the presence of every phytochemical assayed during the study.

Conclusions: Extracts of the medicinal plants assessed in this study showed antibacterial potential. Developing new methodologies that preserve the bioactive potency of phyto-extracts for optimal microbicidal activity is promising for development of safe, non-reactive pharmaceuticals.
Progression free survival in Iraqi breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant 3D conformal radiotherapy: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-Naqqash Manwar Abdulelah , Al-Bdaer Enas Khudhair , Saleh Saleh Wieeam Abdulfattah , Al-Shewered Ahmed Salih
Published: January 2019

Background: Breast cancer is a common malignancy in Iraq, accounting for one-third of female cancers in the Iraqi Cancer Registry. Radiotherapy confers beneﬁts for local control and progression free survival (PFS) in patients with breast cancer.

This study aimed to assess PFS in patients treated by hypofractionated three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and correlate PFS with patients' clinical and pathological profiles.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 299 women with breast cancer treated at Baghdad Radiation Oncology Center between October 2017 and May 2018. Regarding radiotherapy, 4005 cGy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks was adopted as standard practice for patients undergoing mastectomy and 4005 cG in 15 fractions + 1000 cG in 5 fractions as a booster dose for women undergoing breast-conserving surgery.

Results: Age ranged from 25 to 75 years, and the mean age was 49.9±10.99 years. The most common stage was T2 (156, 53.9%), which mostly comprised luminal A (105, 36.3%). The results showed a high frequency of N1 (109, 37.2%), with luminal A (69, 23.4%). Relapse occurred in 35/299 (11.7%) patients, and the chest wall was a common relapse site in 9 of these patients (25.9%).

Conclusions: We conclude that adjuvant radiotherapy reduces locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis and mortality rate.
Tobacco smoking and nicotine delivery alternatives: patterns of product use and perceptions in 13 countries
Authors: Riahi Farhad , Rajkumar Sarah , Yach Derek
Published: January 2019

Background: Smoking tobacco products remains a significant public health problem. The Foundation for a Smoke-Free World commissioned a 13-country survey to gain a clearer understanding of the current landscape of smoking behavior and preferences across the world.

Methods: Over 17,000 participants in 13 countries, representing different regions and income groups, answered questions on their smoking patterns and product use, their social context, their motivation to smoke, quit, or switch, and their perception of risks of products and substances. Rim weighting was done for each country to align responses with population demographics, and an additional 200 smokers for each country were surveyed to achieve sufficient sample size for sub-analyses of smoker data.

Results: The observed prevalence of smoking ranged from an age-adjusted high of 57.5% in Lebanon to 8.4% in New Zealand among men, with lower rates for women. The majority of smokers were between 25-54 years old, had daily routines and social patterns associated with smoking, used boxed cigarettes, and rated their health more poorly compared to never smokers. Among a range of products and substances, smokers tended to give both cigarettes and nicotine the highest harm ratings. Smokers in high income countries were largely familiar with electronic nicotine delivery systems; the most commonly given reasons for using them were to cut down or quit smoking. A majority of smokers had tried to quit at least once, and while many tried without assistance, motivations, intentions, and methods for smoking cessation, including professional help, nicotine replacement therapies or medications, or electronic cigarettes, varied among countries.

Conclusions: Smoking is deeply integrated in smokers’ lives worldwide. Although a majority of smokers have tried to quit, and are concerned for their health, they do not seek help. Smokers lack understanding of the harmful components of smoking tobacco products and the risk profile of alternatives.
The l-cases in Courland Livonian
Authors: Blokland Rogier , Inaba Nobufumi
Published: January 2019

Courland Livonian is the only Finnic language where the habitive expressions of giving, taking, and having do not use the so-called l-cases, but instead the dative, the elative or a postposition. As the l-cases mostly only occur in a number of fossilised expressions they have received less attention in the literature. In this article we summarise the functions of the l-cases in Courland Livonian on the basis of previous research and consider their status.Kokkuvõte. Rogier Blokland, Nobufumi Inaba: l-käänded Kuramaa liivi keeles. Kuramaa liivi keel on ainuke läänemeresoome keel, kus andmist, võtmist ja omamist väljendatakse mitte nn l-käänetega, vaid nende asemel kasutatakse daativi, elatiivi või postpositsiooni. Kuna l-käänded esinevad enamasti ainult kivinenud väljendites, on need kirjanduses vähe tähelepanu pälvinud. Käesolevas artiklis antakse ülevaade l-käänete funktsioonidest Kuramaa liivi keeles, tuginedes seejuures varasematele uurimustele.Märksõnad: käändesüsteem, väliskohakäänded, adverbid, liivi keelKubbõvõttõks. Rogier Blokland, Nobufumi Inaba: l-nõtkūd Kurāmō līvõ kīelsõ. Kurāmō līvõ kēļ um āinagi vāldamiersūomõ kēļ, kus āndamiz, võtāmiz ja eņtšõn vȱidamiz pierāst äb ūot kȭlbatõd l-nõtkūd. Nänt azmõl kȭlbatõbõd datīv, elatīv agā tagāsõnā. l-nõtkūd ātõ nǟdõb set vaņši kītimižis ja sīepierāst ne äb ūotõ nei jõvīst tuņšõltõd. Sīes kēras mēg vaņțlõm l-nõtkūd ilzandõkši Kurāmō līvõ kīelsõ, tiggõs sīejūs jedmilizt tuņšlimizt allizt pǟl.
ПЕСОЧНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ КАК МЕТОД КОРРЕКЦИИ ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ НАРУШЕНИЙ У ДОШКОЛЬНИКОВ
Authors: Starostina Lyubov Dmitrievna , Filippova Mariya Anatolevna
Published: January 2019

В статье освещается работа детского психолога по коррекции эмоциональных проблем детей дошкольного возраста. В качестве метода коррекции используется песочная терапия – Sandplay, включенная в систему пихолого-педагогических занятий с детьми в детском саду.Цель – выявление эффективности коррекции и условий необходимых для успешной реализации метода в работе педагога-психолога дошкольного образовательного учреждения.Методология и методы исследования. Исследование базируется на концепциях аналитической психологии, психологических учениях о роли игры и эмоций в психическом развитии ребенка. Применены методы теоретического анализа, беседы, наблюдения, экспертных оценок, количественно-качественного анализа результатов.Результаты. На основании данных психологического обследования была разработана программа коррекции с применением метода песочной терапии. Эффективность проведенной работы отразилось в нормализации уровня эмоциональной возбудимости, нейтрализации невротических симптомов, эмоционального благополучия. Рассмотрены условия обеспечивающие успешность применения метода в деятельности педагога-психолога дошкольного образования.Область применения результатов. Программа может быть рекомендована психологам системы дошкольногообразования. Диагностический блок программы будет полезен в психопрофилактической, медико-реабилитационной работе по части изучения динамики изменений в результате применения любого психотерапевтического метода по коррекции эмоциональных нарушений в детском возрасте.
The Budget of Russia for 2019-2021: Goals and Opportunities
Authors: Смирнов Е. , Smirnov E.
Published: January 2019

According to the parliamentary and government analysts, the federal budget of Russia for 2019 and the planned period of 2020 and 2021 is designed to achieve breakthrough socio-economic goals, primarily to ensure economic growth rates above average world levels and a significant increase in people's living standards.
Formation of Overall Audit Strategy
Authors: Клинова Е. , Klinova E. , Сунгатуллина Р. , Sungatullina R.
Published: January 2019

This article covers the main structural aspects of the formation of an audit strategy. Its functional role is determined; practical recommendations are given on the development of the form of the relevant document.
Bayesian Exploration for Approximate Dynamic Programming
Authors: Ryzhov Ilya O. , Mes Martijn R. K. , Powell Warren B. , van den Berg Gerald
Published: January 2019

Approximate dynamic programming has been applied to solve large-scale resource allocation problems in many domains, including transportation, energy, and healthcare. The main algorithmic challenge in these applications is to accurately estimate the value of a resource in a certain state (for example, a battery that is half full, or a truck en route to a certain destination). This “value function” must be learned as part of the decision-making process, giving rise to the “exploration/exploitation” challenge: we may, and often should, choose to experiment with seemingly suboptimal actions because they have high potential to be better than we believe. In “Bayesian Exploration for Approximate Dynamic Programming,” Ilya O. Ryzhov, Martijn R. K. Mes, Warren B. Powell and Gerald van den Berg present a principled framework for modeling uncertainty about the value function and measuring the potential of a state to improve a decision-making policy. This method is scalable and performs well in experiments.
Infração juvenil feminina e socioeducação: um enfoque cultural e de gênero
Authors: Oliveira Maria Cláudia Santos Lopes de , Costa Daniela Lemos Pantoja , Camargo Carolina Knihs de
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo analisa resultados de uma pesquisa-intervenção, em que se investigou como as adolescentes em medida socioeducativa estrita de liberdade vivenciam os efeitos dos valores de gênero predominantes no sistema de justiça juvenil. Realizou-se uma Oficina de Gênero, com 10 encontros e 11 participantes do sexo feminino. Os posicionamentos que emergiram em diálogos, durante os encontros, foram analisados, chegando-se a quatro categorias: (a) (des)igualdade de direitos entre os gêneros; (b) estereótipos sobre o comportamento infracional feminino; (c) invisibilização da mulher;  (d) impactos da lógica social repressiva sobre as adolescentes. Discute-se que: as adolescentes infratoras são objeto de um duplo estigma – como adolescentes em conflito com a lei e como pessoas do sexo feminino; os princípios garantistas e protetivos da lei não impedem que ocorra preconceito e discriminação de gênero, tornando as necessidades e perspectivas das adolescentes invisíveis ao sistema socioeducativo, onde persiste uma orientação para objetivos repressiva e sexista, que se converte em barreira para a igualdade de oportunidades de desenvolvimento humano, entre meninos e meninas.
O processo de revelação do abuso sexual intrafamiliar na percepção do grupo familiar
Authors: Coutinho Márcia Moraes Lima , Morais Normanda Araujo de
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo buscou descrever a percepção do grupo familiar sobre o processo de revelação de uma situação de abuso sexual intrafamiliar. Realizou-se um estudo de caso único de uma família, cuja filha foi vítima de abuso sexual dos 9 aos 14 anos, perpetrado pelo padrasto. A metodologia da Inserção Ecológica serviu de estratégia para coleta de dados, sendo que foram entrevistados individualmente sete pessoas: vítima, mãe e irmão mais velho da vítima, pai biológico, vizinha, liderança da igreja e a psicóloga que atendeu a vítima na época da revelação do abuso sexual. Além da entrevista, utilizaram-se outros instrumentos, como diário de campo e prontuário da vítima disponível no CREAS. Verificou-se que o processo de revelação foi favorecido pelo apoio de diferentes personagens e contextos, como o próprio grupo familiar (irmão mais velho, pai biológico), a rede de apoio informal (vizinha e liderança da igreja) e a rede de apoio Institucional (CRAS e CREAS). Dessa forma, reafirma-se a importância do fortalecimento das relações comunitárias nas famílias vítimas de violência sexual, da rede de apoio socioassistencial, bem como da perspectiva sistêmica sobre a família e o abuso sexual.
Impactos do livro de uma mulher vítima na vivência de violência conjugal de outras mulheres
Authors: Guimarães Fabrício Lemos , Diniz Gláucia Ribeiro Starling
Published: January 2019

Esta pesquisa qualitativa teve como objetivo compreender os impactos da história de uma personagem/mulher vítima na vivência de violência conjugal de outras mulheres, por meio da leitura, resposta a questionário e reflexão grupal sobre o livro "Mas ele diz que me ama: graphic novel de uma relação violenta". As participantes foram 20 mulheres que estavam em acompanhamento psicossocial encaminhadas pela justiça. A estratégia metodológica utilizada facilitou um contexto de reflexão sobre comparações entre as histórias pessoais das participantes e a da personagem do livro; favoreceu a percepção de suas próprias anestesias relacionais; contribuiu para a conscientização e a nomeação da violência vivenciada. Essa proposta de pesquisa-intervenção mostrou seu potencial e utilidade como método de pesquisa e como modelo de intervenção clínica.
Sujeito e Subjetividade: aspectos silenciosos e silenciados na constituição dos sentidos
Authors: Paulon Clarice Pimentel , Tfouni Leda Verdiani , Bartijotto Juliana
Published: January 2019

Este trabalho propõe investigar as noções de subjetividade e sujeito para compreender aspectos constituintes do sentido. Pela Análise do Discurso (AD), investiga-se a subjetividade através da relação entre inter e intradiscurso, posição-sujeito e entrelaçamentos das formações discursivas. Pela Psicanálise, retomamos a constituição do sujeito descrita por Lacan que se conjectura na máxima: "O significante é o que representa o sujeito para outro significante". Nessas perspectivas, pretendemos apresentar possíveis respostas para as questões: Onde se encontra o sujeito lacaniano e qual a sua relação com a subjetividade? Assim, utilizaremos a noção de silêncio enquanto operador lógico, como propõe Tfouni (1998). O silêncio é considerado como agente, ora limitador, ora limitado pela palavra; ora alienado, ora separado do sentido. Na constituição da subjetividade, ele permite a ilusão de coesão, demarcando, em determinada materialidade, uma posição-sujeito. Desse modo, observa-se que o silêncio age tanto via repetição quanto via atos falhos, possibilitando a emergência de um sentido singular àquela subjetividade. O silêncio na lógica significante permite que ele seja tomado como articulador do sentido que engaja a escuta analítica pela mobilização do interdito. Para elucidar esses aspectos teóricos ressaltaremos dois casos reconhecidos na literatura analítica: o caso Aimée e o Esquecimento de Nomes Próprios.
‘Selfies’ − an effective communication aid to solve periodontal and implant diseases
Authors: Kelleher Martin , Ower Philip
Published: January 2019

Abstract: If a picture paints a thousand words, then ‘selfies’ can be a very effective communication aid in getting patients to understand and accept their responsibilities for their periodontal diseases and/or their implant health maintenance.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Once patients have a well-lit visual record on their mobile phones of where their real gum problems are located and understand their responsibilities in solving these, they are much more likely to clean effectively around their problem areas including their implants. Mouthwashes are not the solution for periodontal problems, in spite of very dubious advertising claims. Effective, repeated, physical removal of their bio-film is the key message. Having a long-term record on their mobiles of how to remove their pathogenic plaque more effectively is a powerful way to reinforce that message.
The application of occlusion in clinical practice part 2: the taking of occlusal records
Authors: Mehta Shamir , Banerji Subir
Published: January 2019

The second part of this series of three articles aims to consider the clinical steps when taking intra-occlusal records. It will also address the subsequent transfer of the outcomes onto an appropriate form of articulator.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The clinical steps to record the various intra-occlusal positions and their rationale are important to appreciate when undertaking rehabilitation or study of the stomatognathic system (SGS).
Orofacial granulomatosis in children − a review
Authors: Patel Maalini , Davis Gemma , John Rebecca , Cowie Rachel
Published: January 2019

Abstract: Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is an uncommon chronic inflammatory disorder that can present in childhood. It has a range of clinical manifestations with the common features being lip swelling and oral ulceration. It can be idiopathic or associated with systemic granulomatous conditions such as Crohn's disease and sarcoidosis. Patients presenting with features suggestive of OFG, with or without gastrointestinal symptoms, should be referred promptly to secondary care. The management of OFG is often challenging and includes dietary restrictions; topical, intralesional and systemic corticosteroids; and other systemic immunomodulatory drugs. This condition can lead to significant psychological morbidity for the child if left untreated.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Orofacial granulomatosis can present in childhood and its features may be first noted on routine check-up with a general dental practitioner (GDP).
The oral implications of mental health disorders part 1: eating disorders
Authors: Patel Nisma , Milward Michael
Published: January 2019

Abstract: Mental health disorders are becoming increasingly prevalent and it is important that dental professionals have adequate knowledge of these conditions, the impact that they may have on oral health and how they should be managed. This is the first of two articles that discuss mental health disorders that may present in general practice, their oral manifestations and the strategies used in their management. Part 1 focuses on the eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Part 2 will discuss depression and explores the physiological and behavioural changes that can affect oral health.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Eating disorders have many oral manifestations that can be identified in general practice. Improved awareness of the possible signs and symptoms can allow for early diagnosis and management.
Rhamno Lipids Biosurfactants from Pseudomonas aeruginosa - A Review
Authors: Araújo Jaciara , Rocha Juliene , Filho Marcos Oliveira , Matias Stephanie , Júnior Sérgio Oliveira , Padilha Carlos , Santos Everaldo
Published: January 2019

Studies addressing for ecological compatible products have been increased along time, especially, on biosurfactant field. Biosurfactants are extracellular amphiphilic compound that are mainly produced by microorganisms and are classified into five main groups, including the glycolipids one. Rhamnolipids are included in the latter and are anionic biosurfactants produced predominantly by Pseudomonas aeruginosa being classified as mono- and di-rhamnolipids. In addition, their production may occur from different carbon sources, which may be obtained from renewable and low-cost residue. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the rhamnolipids production cost, since this has been the main bottleneck for replacing the chemical surfactants. In addition, to meeting a bona fide industrial application some limitations such as low productivity as well as recovery and/or purification that represent from 60 to 80% of total production cost should be improved. Therefore, this review covers different ways for producing rhamnolipids covering their application in many fields such as pharmaceutical, agricultural, petrochemical and so on; demonstrating the versatility of these biological compounds.
Extraction of Nicotine (3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl) pyridine) from Tobacco Leaves Separated from Gold Live Classic Brand™ Cigarettes by Solvent Extraction Approach and Characterization via IR Analysis
Authors: Qayyum Iqra , Fazal-ur-Rehman M. , Ibrahim M.S.
Published: January 2019

Nicotine is obtained from the tobacco plant, Nicotiana tabacum L. This plant comes from the nightshade family which has other members including red peppers, eggplant, tomatoes and potatoes. In this study, Nicotine was extracted from tobacco leaves separated from Gold Live Classic BrandTM cigarettes using liquid-liquid solvent extraction method with ether by dissolving the leaves in NaOH solution. The percentage yield determined after the whole extraction method was 0.6%. Calculated percent recovery was 0.6 %, this percentage yield clarified that in this brand, very small nicotine is investigated, this deduces a significant loss of product throughout the procedure which are due to formation of emulsions and not due to washing thoroughly with ether to extract maximum yield, so repeated the process three times. In order to verify the nicotine, other physical properties were determined, MW;162.23g/mol, MP; -79oC, and BP; 246.8oC. While the [α]D of nicotine; -168.5o at the temperature of 293.15K was determined. Distinct peaks on the IR spectra indicated the bond frequencies of certain functional groups, which also confirm the nicotine.
Ex-vivo Anaerobic Digestion of Non-Palatable Pastoral Plant Toward Non-traditional Animal Feed
Authors: Bawadekji Abdulhakim , Idell Maen Taher
Published: January 2019

It is forecasted that by the end of 2025, 2.2 billion tons waste, including the non-palatable plants, will be generated annually. This is a foreseeable concern for the public health and the economy. Accordingly, waste management programs, including for the unused, unacceptable, or unpalatable plants, have been initiated worldwide. The aim of this study was to process an ex-vivo anaerobic digestion of the non-palatable pastoral plant to produce non-traditional animal feed. Five plants were selected for the present study, namely, Aerva javanica, Capparis cartilaginea, Ochradenus baccatus, Salvadora persica, and Senna alexandrina. These plants were collected from the endangered pasture from the Al-Baha region of the south west of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The collected plants were shredded into small pieces, and were subjected for the anaerobic digestion at 20oC, 30oC, and 40oC for 90 days. The evaluation of plant acceptability was achieved by observing the animals and the quantity of the digested plant material consumed by the animals. The results of the plant acceptability were very promising with respect to O. baccatus, S. persica and S. alexandrina. Good acceptability upto 100% was observed for the digested material of these plants at all the studied temperatures, 20oC, 30oC, and 40oC. It is concluded that similar studies should be carried out in other regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia at large scale and on a large number of non palatable pastoral plants.
Formulation of a Suitable Medium and its Optimization for Maximizing L-asparaginase Production from Endophytic Fungi Fusarium sp. LCJ273
Authors: Jenila V. Antony , Gnanadoss J. Joel
Published: January 2019

Endophytic fungi Fusarium sp. LCJ273 capable of producing L-asparaginase was isolated from the medicinal plant Adhatoda vasica. The aim of the present study was to maximize L-asparaginase production by submerged fermentation through statistical optimization. L-Asparaginase production by Fusarium sp. LCJ273 was studied in five different media. Various nutritional parameters specifically carbon, nitrogen and inducers were optimized for enhancing the production of L-asparaginase. In addition, different statistical based experimental designs were also applied to increase the production of L-asparaginase by Fusarium sp. LCJ273. Dextrose, ammonium sulphate and wheat bran were found to be effective for growth and higher yield of L-asparaginase in Modified Czapek’s Dox Broth. Dextrose at a concentration of 3.0 g/L increased L-asparaginase production up to 9.18±0.9 U/mL, ammonium sulphate at the concentration of 20 g/L showed maximum L-asparaginase production up to 13.69±0.4 U/mL and wheat bran at 2.5 g/L yielded up to 14.24±0.5 U/mL. The maximum L-asparaginase production was observed by Fusarium sp. LCJ273 on 5th day. The study revealed that through optimization, a 2 fold increase in L-asparaginase could be achieved.
Controlled Wheelchair System Based on Gyroscope Sensor for Disabled Patients
Authors: Al-Neami Auns Q. H. , Ahmed Saba M.
Published: January 2019

The objective of this study is to provide the physically disabled patients who had suffered from losing their extremities due to the accident, age or disease, with an easily controllable wheelchair. Those patients cannot use the manual wheelchair or electric wheelchair with joysticks due to their handicap. The movements of this wheelchair are controlled by head motions with the use of gyroscope sensor. The microcontroller is also used and it is programmed to make the wheelchair moves according to the corresponding motion from the patient’s head. Forward movement of the wheelchair due to tilting head forward, left tilt of the user's head will cause the wheelchair to move to the left and so on. An obstacle detection system is done by using ultrasonic sensors. This system showed very good results it will make the usage of this wheelchair safer as compared to standard ones. It will help in enhancing the quality of life for such people and make them less dependent on others. This wheelchair is low cost, provide ease of use and comfortable for the physically disabled patients.
O Melhor é a Água: da Antiguidade Clássica aos Nossos Dias
Authors: Brandão José Luís , Dias Paula Barata
Published: January 2019

Este volume propõe-se apresentar múltiplas leituras sobre o tema da água, desde a sua utilização concreta e material à dimensão simbólica, metafórica e imaterial: como elemento primordial associado à criação do mundo, fonte de vida e de morte, espaço de lazer, elemento constituinte de rituais, via de comunicação ou de separação entre as gentes, meio e sinal de civilização e elemento estruturante da cidade. As fontes usadas provêm da filosofia antiga, da religião, da poesia, da dramaturgia, da história e biografia, da arqueologia, tanto na antiguidade como na receção humanista e contemporânea.
Prácticas precarias dentro de la institución: Un recorrido para recuperar la agencia
Authors: Alcaide Romero Maria
Published: January 2019

En este artículo de investigación podrán encontrarse vivencias que dan sentido al discurso artístico y que no pueden separarse de lo meramente laboral. Así, se expondrán varios proyectos artísticos que surgen de la precariedad y que podrían desbordar las estructuras de poder que se dan dentro de la institución a través de mecanismos apropiacionistas y a la creación de comunidades. Se plantea un recorrido por diversas instituciones culturales no sólo con la finalidad de mostrar escenarios comunes y cotidianos sino también para ejemplificar desde la experiencia personal las distintas posiciones que puede tomar el cuerpo frente a la violencia institucional.
Аnaphylaxis – specific and nonspecific hypersensitivity
Authors: Semenova I. , Smirnova A. , Novikov D.
Published: January 2019

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening systemic hypersensitivity reaction. With modern anaphylaxis position is considered as a syndrome with different pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and severity. The article discusses the epidemiology, classification, etiology, clinical criteria for diagnosis, pathogenesis, risk factors, complications and treatment of anaphylaxis.
Actinomycosis of the skin
Authors: Gadzhimuradov M.
Published: January 2019

The article presents an analysis of literature about actinomycosis of skin, and there are also the author’s own observations. The literature review shows that actinomycetins opportunistic microorganisms of human biocenosis/ In an human organism actinomycetins are found on skin, in oral cavity and plaque, in tonsils lacunae, in upper respiratory tract and bronchus, on mucous of gastrointestinal tract, vagina and rectal columns. An actinomycotic process is also caused by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and they play a big role in disease formation. There are three stages in the spread of the disease: infiltrative stage, abscess formation and fistulous stage. In most cases the skin damage arises after injure of organs and tissues, and the woody infiltration appears (pathognomonic sign). The clinical forms of the disease are distinguished depending on theis location: cervicofacial, thoracic, abdominal, genital and other rare forms. In the literature review there is a rational approach to therapy of skin actinomycosis. In one case, a 11-year-old girl had been getting a symptom control without identification of agent and setting a clinical diagnosis for a long time. An optimized specific therapy with actinolysate worked to stabilize the process and contributed absorption of infiltrates. However, the 2nd patient has a small result of such treatment (infiltration remains). It may require an examination of Begleitflora antibiotic sensitivity and repeated actinolysate course.
CHANGES IN HEMODYNAMICS OF GREATER AND LESSER CIRCULATION IN SCOLIOTIC DISEASE
Authors: Enaldieva Roza Viktorovna , Avtandilov Aleksandr Georgyevich , Vetrile Stepan Timofeyevich , Kuleshov Aleksandr Alekseyevich , Galichenko I. V. , Makhakova Galina Chuluevna , Stoletova Irina Olegovna , Kolesnikova M. A.
Published: January 2019

Objective. Complex estimation of pulmonary and systemic circulation in patients with various degree of scoliotic disease severity and duration. Material and Methods.We observed 210 patients at the age of 14 to 38 years with I–IV grade scoliosis. Sex ratio (male/female) was 1:6. All patients were divided in two groups according to the age: Group 1 – patients of 14–18 years old, with the average disease duration being 8.3 ± 3.6 year; Group 2 – 19–38 years old, with the average disease duration – 24.6 ± 1.9 years. Control group cosisted of 60 individuals without scoliotic deformities, heart and pulmonary diseases, and was comparable in age and sex. All groups underwent complex examination including standard Dopplerechocardiography. Results. Echocardiography demonstrated changes in systolic function of the left ventricle in patients with scoliosis which is naturally accompanied by central hemodynamics impairment. Hyperkinetic type of hemodynamics was revealed in patients with mild scoliosis and hypokinetic type – in patients with severe one. The study revealed pulmonary hypertension, rise of average blood pressure, increase in peripheral and lung vascular resistance in adolescents with clinically apparent scoliotic deformities. Impairment of central hemodynamics and pulmonary blood flow in adult patients with severe scoliosis were less pronounced. Conclusion. Impairment of systemic and pulmonary circulation has been revealed in patients with thoracic scoliosis, which is more pronounced in adolescents with severe and rapidly progressing forms of the disease. They suffer from early derangement of adaptation mechanism and progressing decrease in stroke and minute cardiac output, in spite of increase in cardiac beat rate; decrease in average hemodynamic pressure and rise of resistance in lesser and greater circulation.