bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trace Elements and Sr, Nd Isotope Compositions of Surface Sediments in the Indian Ocean: An Evaluation of Sources and Processes for Sediment Transport and Dispersal
Authors: Subha Anand S. , Rahaman Waliur , Lathika N. , Thamban M. , Patil S. , Mohan Rahul
Published: May 2019

To decipher sediment provenance, understand dispersal pattern and its controlling factors in the Indian Ocean, we have studied major and trace element abundances and isotope compositions of Sr (87Sr/86Sr) and Nd (εNd) in silicate fractions of 38 surface sediment samples collected at ~1.5° interval from India (~10°N) to Antarctica (~70°S). The 87Sr/86Sr ratio and εNd vary from 0.70527 and 0.1 near Crozet Island to 0.77854 and −34.8 near Antarctica, respectively. Higher 87Sr/86Sr ratio and lower εNd near Antarctica indicate source of old granitic rocks, and the opposite is observed in sediments from the Central and the Southwest Indian Ridges indicating source of seafloor spreading and mid‐ocean ridge hydrothermal activity. Chondrite normalized Rare Earth Elements (REEs) pattern reveals positive Europium anomaly for Central and Southwest Indian Ridge sediments, while positive Gadolinium anomaly is observed in Indian and Antarctic coastal sediments. Sediments in the Indian sector of Southern Ocean and coastal Antarctica are highly dispersed through deep, bottom, and Antarctic circumpolar currents. The εNd spatial map generated for the entire Indian Ocean based on compilation of present study and results from literature shows dominance of terrigenous inputs from continental erosion with minor contribution from the ridges in the Indian Ocean. The εNd map together with trace elements can be employed for reconnaissance for mineral exploration associated with hydrothermal deposits. Further, comparison of detrital εNd with its counter phases, that is, authigenic fractions and modern seawater at the sampling sites, would enhance our knowledge of benthic exchange processes, with an implication in using Nd isotopes as a water mass circulation proxy.
Toward an Integrated View of Ionospheric Plasma Instabilities: 3. Explicit Growth Rate and Oscillation Frequency for Arbitrary Altitude
Authors: Makarevich Roman A.
Published: May 2019

General analytic expressions are derived for the growth rate γ and oscillation frequency in the ion frame
of unstable plasma waves generated by ionospheric plasma instabilities including the Farley‐Buneman instability (FBI) and the gradient‐drift instability (GDI). The explicit expressions are developed for arbitrary altitude and scales in the local approximation. Limits of applicability are carefully considered focusing on the dependence on the electron density gradients G=∇n/n and wavelengths λ. It is shown that the key parameter that controls the applicability is the growth rate γ normalized to the ion collision frequency νi, with the developed expressions being valid for slow growths γ/νi<0.1. It is also shown that the commonly used assumption about the equivalency of the wave phase velocity Vph and the plasma drift velocity Vd fails in the F region at gradients as weak as G=10−5m−1. The developed analytic expressions for arbitrary altitude/scale offer a straightforward way of reconciling various altitude‐ and scale‐specific cases (e.g., FBI/GDI modes in the E region), with the often‐neglected ion inertia shown to play a critical role in the reconciliation. The new ion inertia effect is found to be represented by the quantity
in the growth rate expression. The effect is found to reduce the standard FBI factor and amplify the GDI factor, and, due to the inverse relationship with the ion inertia, the effect becomes progressively stronger at larger altitudes and/or wavelengths.
Drought‐Triggered Magmatic Inflation, Crustal Strain, and Seismicity Near the Long Valley Caldera, Central Walker Lane
Authors: Hammond W. C. , Kreemer C. , Zaliapin I. , Blewitt G.
Published: May 2019

We use GPS data to show synchronization between the 2011 and 2016 drought cycle in California, accelerated uplift of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, and enhanced magmatic inflation of the Long Valley Caldera (LVC) magmatic system. The drought period coincided with faster uplift rate, changes in gravity seen in the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), and changes in standardized relative climate dryness index. These observations together suggest that the Sierra Nevada elevation is sensitive to changes in hydrological loading conditions, which subsequently influences the LVC magmatic system. We use robust imaging of horizontal GPS velocities to derive time‐variable shear and dilatational strain rates in a region with highly variable station distribution. The results show that the highest strain rates are near the eastern margin of the Sierra Nevada and western edge of the Central Walker Lane (CWL) passing directly through LVC. The drought period saw geographic shifts in the distribution in active shear strain in the CWL more than 60 km from the LVC, delineating the minimum extent over which the active magmatic system affects the CWL tectonic environment. We analyze declustered seismicity data to show that locations with higher seismicity rates tend to be (1) areas with higher strain rates and (2) areas in which strain rates increased during drought‐enhanced inflation. We hypothesize that drought conditions reduce vertical surface mass loading, which decreases pressure at depth in the LVC system, in turn enhances magmatic inflation, and drives horizontal elastic stress changes that redistribute active CWL strain and modulate seismicity.
Identification of TC2N as a novel promising suppressor of PI3K-AKT signaling in breast cancer
Authors: Hao Xiang-lin , Gao Li-yun , Deng Xiao-juan , Han Fei , Chen Hong-qiang , Jiang Xiao , Liu Wen-bin , Wang Dan-dan , Chen Jian-ping , Cui Zhi-hong , Ao Lin , Cao Jia , Liu Jin-yi
Published: May 2019

Although TC2N has proven to be an oncogene in lung cancer, its biological function and molecular mechanisms in other cancer still remains unclear. Here, we investigate in breast cancer that TC2N expression is sharply overexpressed in breast cancer specimens compared with normal breast specimens, and the low TC2N expression was associated with advanced stage, lymphatic metastasis, larger tumors and shorter survival time. Upregulation of TC2N significantly restrains breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, TC2N blocks AKT signaling in a PI3K dependent and independent way through weakening the interaction between ALK and p55γ or inhibiting the binding of EBP1 and AKT. To sum up, these results unmask an ambivalent role of TC2N in cancer, providing a promising inhibitor for PI3K-AKT signaling.
Structure and immunogenicity of a stabilized HIV-1 envelope trimer based on a group-M consensus sequence
Authors: Sliepen Kwinten , Han Byung Woo , Bontjer Ilja , Mooij Petra , Garces Fernando , Behrens Anna-Janina , Rantalainen Kimmo , Kumar Sonu , Sarkar Anita , Brouwer Philip J. M. , Hua Yuanzi , Tolazzi Monica , Schermer Edith , Torres Jonathan L. , Ozorowski Gabriel , van der Woude Patricia , de la Peña Alba Torrents , van Breemen Mariëlle J. , Camacho-Sánchez Juan Miguel , Burger Judith A. , Medina-Ramírez Max , González Nuria , Alcami Jose , LaBranche Celia , Scarlatti Gabriella , van Gils Marit J. , Crispin Max , Montefiori David C. , Ward Andrew B. , Koopman Gerrit , Moore John P. , Shattock Robin J. , Bogers Willy M. , Wilson Ian A. , Sanders Rogier W.
Published: May 2019

Stabilized HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) that resemble the native Env are utilized in vaccination strategies aimed at inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). To limit the exposure of rare isolate-specific antigenic residues/determinants we generated a SOSIP trimer based on a consensus sequence of all HIV-1 group M isolates (ConM). The ConM trimer displays the epitopes of most known bNAbs and several germline bNAb precursors. The crystal structure of the ConM trimer at 3.9 Å resolution resembles that of the native Env trimer and its antigenic surface displays few rare residues. The ConM trimer elicits strong NAb responses against the autologous virus in rabbits and macaques that are significantly enhanced when it is presented on ferritin nanoparticles. The dominant NAb specificity is directed against an epitope at or close to the trimer apex. Immunogens based on consensus sequences might have utility in engineering vaccines against HIV-1 and other viruses.
Selective light absorber-assisted single nickel atom catalysts for ambient sunlight-driven CO2 methanation
Authors: Li Yaguang , Hao Jianchao , Song Hui , Zhang Fengyu , Bai Xianhua , Meng Xianguang , Zhang Hongyuan , Wang Shufang , Hu Yong , Ye Jinhua
Published: May 2019

Ambient sunlight-driven CO2 methanation cannot be realized due to the temperature being less than 80 °C upon irradiation with dispersed solar energy. In this work, a selective light absorber was used to construct a photothermal system to generate a high temperature (up to 288 °C) under weak solar irradiation (1 kW m−2), and this temperature is three times higher than that in traditional photothermal catalysis systems. Moreover, ultrathin amorphous Y2O3 nanosheets with confined single nickel atoms (SA Ni/Y2O3) were synthesized, and they exhibited superior CO2 methanation activity. As a result, 80% CO2 conversion efficiency and a CH4 production rate of 7.5 L m−2 h−1 were achieved through SA Ni/Y2O3 under solar irradiation (from 0.52 to 0.7 kW m−2) when assisted by a selective light absorber, demonstrating that this system can serve as a platform for directly harnessing dispersed solar energy to convert CO2 to valuable chemicals.
Manganese Oxide Nanochips as a Novel Electrocatalyst for Direct Redox Sensing of Hexavalent Chromium
Authors: Bhanjana Gaurav , Rana Pooja , Chaudhary Ganga Ram , Dilbaghi Neeraj , Kim Ki-Hyun , Kumar Sandeep
Published: May 2019

In order to maintain a healthy organisation of bionetworks, both qualitative and quantitative estimation of hexavalent chromium in food and beverage samples is required based on proper quality control and assurance. Nonetheless, conventional quantitation techniques for hexavalent chromium generally suffer from certain limitations (e.g., the need for expertise, costly equipment, and a complicated procedure). This research was performed to elaborate a novel method to quantify hexavalent chromium based on an electrochemical cyclic voltammetry technique. To this end, nanochips of manganese oxide (Mn3O4: approximately 80–90 nm diameter and 10 nm thickness) were synthesized using a chemical method and characterized with spectroscopic and microscopic approaches. These nanochips were employed as proficient electrocatalytic materials in direct redox sensing of hexavalent chromium in both real samples and laboratory samples. Manganese oxide nanochips felicitated large surface area and catalytic action for direct electrochemical reduction of hexavalent chromium at electrode surface. This fabricated nanochip sensor presented a detection limit of 9.5 ppb with a linear range of 50–400 ppb (sensitivity of 25.88 µA cm−2 ppb−1).
Diastereoselective construction of a functionalized dihydro-pyridazine-based spirooxindole scaffold via C-3 umpolung of isatin N,N′-cyclic azomethine imine
Authors: Moghaddam F. Matloubi , Eslami M. , Siahpoosh A. , Hoda G.
Published: May 2019

This study demonstrates an abnormal [3+3] tandem Michael addition/N-cyclization of isatin N,N′-cyclic azomethine imine 1,3-dipoles and 2-arylidene malononitrile that diastereoselectively construct a dihydro-pyridazine-based spirooxindole.
Investigation of hairpin DNA and chelerythrine interaction by a single bio-nanopore sensing interface
Authors: Liu Yuan-Min , Fang Xiu-Yu , Fang Fang , Wu Zhi-Yong
Published: May 2019

Hairpin DNA and its interaction with chelerythrine were investigated by a single bio-nanopore sensing interface.
Room temperature Mg reduction of TiO2: formation mechanism and application in photocatalysis
Authors: Zu Di , Xu Zhongfei , Zhang Ao , Wang Haiyang , Wei Hehe , Ou Gang , Huang Kai , Zhang Ruoyu , Li Lei , Hu Shuxian , Sun Shuqing , Wu Hui
Published: May 2019

A Mg/HCl infiltrated metal oxide structure was designed as a facile approach for implanting oxygen vacancies and H atoms into metal oxides.
Energy storage properties of a two-dimensional TiB4 monolayer
Authors: Liu Zhiyang , Wu Erdong , Li Jiangxu , Liu Shi
Published: May 2019

Based on first-principles calculations, we investigated the adsorptive behaviors of hydrogen and methane on novel TiB4 sheets.
Cranberries – potential benefits in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: de Almeida Alvarenga Livia , Borges Natália Alvarenga , Moreira Laís de Souza Gouveia , Resende Teixeira Karla Thaís , Carraro-Eduardo José Carlos , Dai Lu , Stenvinkel Peter , Lindholm Bengt , Mafra Denise
Published: May 2019

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) present many complications that potentially could be linked to increased cardiovascular mortality such as inflammation, oxidative stress, cellular senescence and gut dysbiosis.
Protective effects of α-galacto-oligosaccharides against a high-fat/western-style diet-induced metabolic abnormalities in mice
Authors: Dai Zhuqing , Feng Simin , Liu Anna B. , Wang Hong , Zeng Xiaoxiong , Yang Chung S.
Published: May 2019

A newly synthesized α-galacto-oligosaccharide mixture (α-GOSg) alleviated HFWD-induced metabolic disorders mainly through the regulation of the intestinal environment.
A comparative study of structural, electronic and optical properties based on metal-doped methylammonium lead halidesviafirst-principles calculations
Authors: Liu Diwen , Jing Huijuan , Sa Rongjian , Wu Kechen
Published: May 2019

To reduce the toxicity of Pb in perovskite solar cells, the structural stabilities, and electronic and optical properties of the mixed perovskites MAPb0.75B0.25I3(B = Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) were predicted using density functional theory.
The optimal DFT approach in DP4 NMR structure analysis – pushing the limits of relative configuration elucidation
Authors: Ermanis Kristaps , Parkes Kevin E. B. , Agback Tatiana , Goodman Jonathan M.
Published: May 2019

What computational methods should be used to achieve the most reliable result in computational structure elucidation? A study on the effect of quality and quantity of geometries on computational NMR structure elucidation performance is reported.
Metal-free POCl3 promoted stereoselective hydrochlorination of ethynylated azaheterocycles
Authors: Kumar Ritush , Singh Radhey M.
Published: May 2019

An efficient stereoselective hydrochlorination of ethynylated azaheterocycles was achieved using POCl3 as a chlorinating agent under metal-free reaction conditions.
Two-component boronic acid catalysis for increased reactivity in challenging Friedel–Crafts alkylations with deactivated benzylic alcohols
Authors: Ang Hwee Ting , Rygus Jason P. G. , Hall Dennis G.
Published: May 2019

The combination of a boronic acid catalyst with perfluoropinacol as a co-catalyst improves the scope of Friedel–Crafts benzylations of arenes with electronically deactivated primary and secondary benzylic alcohols.
From prebiotic chemistry to supramolecular oligomers: urea–glyoxal reactions
Authors: Lavado Nieves , García de la Concepción Juan , Gallego Mario , Babiano Reyes , Cintas Pedro
Published: May 2019

Complex matter involving urea and glyoxal mixtures mostly consist of non-aromatic heterocyclic growing units.
Novel nickel–cobalt phosphite with face-sharing octahedra derived electrocatalyst for efficient water splitting
Authors: Wu Jian , Lin Lingling , Morvan Francois J. , Du Juan , Fan Weibin
Published: May 2019

Nickel–cobalt phosphite (CoNiPO) including local structural motifs with face-sharing octahedra shows excellent OER activity. The derivatized electrocatalyst (NiP2@CoNiPO) exhibits high HER activity. DFT calculations indicated the super-exchange effect in CoNiPO can adjust local electronic structure and improve their catalytic activity.
Enhanced tetragonality and large negative thermal expansion in a new Pb/Bi-based perovskite ferroelectric of (1 − x)PbTiO3–xBi(Zn1/2V1/2)O3
Authors: Pan Zhao , Chen Jun , Jiang Xingxing , Lin Zheshuai , Zhang Haibo , Ren Yang , Azuma Masaki , Xing Xianran
Published: May 2019

With the introduction of Bi(Zn1/2V1/2)O3, both tetragonality and negative thermal expansion of PbTiO3 have been enhanced.
The controllable synthesis of Si/Ge composites with a synergistic effect for enhanced Li storage performance
Authors: Ma Kai , Lin Ning
Published: May 2019

Ge improves the electron and ion diffusion and mitigates the electrochemically induced mechanical degradation of Si electrodes.
Self-assembly of two robust 3D supramolecular organic frameworks from a geometrically non-planar molecule for high gas selectivity performance
Authors: Zhou Yue , Kan Liang , Eubank Jarrod F. , Li Guanghua , Zhang Lirong , Liu Yunling
Published: May 2019

Two 3D SOFs were synthesized based on a ‘direction-oriented’ strategy. The unique and permanent porosity structures exhibit remarkable ability to separate CO2from N2and light hydrocarbons.
Turn on of sky-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) via increased torsion by a bulky carbazolophane donor
Authors: Sharma Nidhi , Spuling Eduard , Mattern Cornelia M. , Li Wenbo , Fuhr Olaf , Tsuchiya Youichi , Adachi Chihaya , Bräse Stefan , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Zysman-Colman Eli
Published: May 2019

The carbazolophane (Czp) donor unit is introduced to the design pool of donors in TADF emitters.
Robust Gaussian‐base radial kernel fuzzy clustering algorithm for image segmentation
Authors: Mújica‐Vargas Dante , Carvajal‐Gámez Blanca , Ochoa Genaro , Rubio José
Published: May 2019

To perform the image segmentation task, in this Letter, a kernel fuzzy C‐means algorithm is introduced, strengthened by a robust Gaussian radial basis function kernel based on M‐estimators. It is well‐known that these kernels consider the squared difference as a similarity measure, which is not robust to atypical data. In this regard, the main motivation of this contribution is to improve the atypical information tolerance of these kernels, in order to make a better clustering of pixels. Experimental tests were developed considering colour images. The robustness and effectiveness of this proposal are verified by quantitative and qualitative results.
Metasurface‐based radiative near‐field wireless power transfer system for implantable medical devices
Authors: Shaw Tarakeswar , Mitra Debasis
Published: May 2019

This article presents a novel approach to improve the efficiency of a radiative near‐field wireless power transfer (WPT) system by using metasurface. The WPT system is designed particularly for implantable applications, which operate at the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) 2.40–2.48 GHz band. To construct the WPT link, a patch antenna is used as the transmitting element whereas a small planar loop antenna is considered as the receiving element. The receiving antenna is implanted under the skin tissue model operating at 2.45 GHz. The metasurface with a high refractive index is placed above the surface of the skin layer to improve the power transfer efficiency. Regarding the motion of the human body, different misalignment tolerances between the transmitter and the implant receiver are discussed. Also, the effect in the change of the skin property and placement depth of the Rx antenna inside the skin tissue model is studied. Furthermore, the study of specific absorption rate for the proposed configuration is performed. Finally, the proposed WPT system is designed and experimentally verified with and without metasurface. The experimental result confirms a significant amount of improvement in power transfer efficiency due to the integration of metasurface.
Post pulse compression and partially adaptive multi‐waveform STAP
Authors: Harnett Lumumba A. , Metcalf Justin G. , Blunt Shannon D.
Published: May 2019

The recently developed multi‐waveform space‐time adaptive processing (µ‐STAP) formulation incorporates additional training data into the sample covariance matrix estimate by applying multiple different secondary pulse compression filters to the raw received data, where these filters have a relatively low cross‐correlation with the transmitted waveform. The inclusion of this additional training data has been shown to improve robustness to non‐homogeneous clutter due to a ‘range smearing’ homogenising effect of the secondary filters. Here, the authors introduce post µ‐STAP (Pµ‐STAP), a new form of µ‐STAP that similarly generates additional training data, albeit after pulse compression has already occurred. In addition, we combine Pµ‐STAP with well‐known partially adaptive STAP techniques to assess whether the enhanced performance is retained for reduced‐dimension operation. Specifically, element‐space post‐Doppler, beam‐space pre‐Doppler, and beam‐space post‐Doppler implementations of Pµ‐STAP are evaluated via signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio analysis and minimum detectable Doppler for different simulated clutter environments.
Dual three‐phase permanent magnet synchronous machine investigation for battery electric vehicle power‐trains
Authors: Yang Rong , Schofield Nigel , Zhao Nan , Emadi Ali
Published: May 2019

A dual three‐phase machine with interior permanent magnet rotor and distributed winding has been studied and compared to a commercial automotive traction machine, the Nissan Leaf IPM machine. The performance of the two designs are compared for typical traction operating points, via high torque, low speed and low torque, high speed, and constant power field weakening operation. The dual three‐phase machine is shown to have improved torque density and torque quality without compromising efficiency.
Comparative study of thermal properties of electrical windings impregnated with alternative varnish materials
Authors: Liu Haipeng , Ayat Sabrina , Wrobel Rafal , Zhang Chengning
Published: May 2019

The thermal design‐analysis of devices with electrical windings impregnated using varnish materials is frequently challenging. This is due to difficulties in predicting theoretically the equivalent thermal properties for the composite materials, such as impregnated windings, in a reliable manner. The existing approach makes use of the impregnation ‘goodness’ factor, which allows for imperfections associated with the winding impregnation to be accounted for. This, however, requires experimentally derived data from appropriate material samples or machine assemblies. Considering relatively large range of commercially available varnishes, such data are often limited and are not readily accessible. In this investigation, a set of three alternative varnish materials commonly used in impregnation of low‐voltage electrical windings has been evaluated. To provide better understanding of the material impregnating properties, data from multiple impregnations are also provided. The experimental findings have been supplemented with theoretical analysis on the impregnation ‘goodness’ and stator‐winding contact thermal resistance for a selected winding construction. To highlight the importance of appropriate input thermal material data, a case study machine design is thermally analysed.
Fast compensation of DC bus voltage drops using modular multilevel converters
Authors: Stark Christoph , Danowski Dierk , Marqués Jose‐Luis , Hillermeier Claus
Published: May 2019

For a DC grid using modular multi‐level converters (MMCs) fast control of the DC bus is an important requirement. A control design is presented where a sudden DC voltage drop is compensated without any influence on the AC side. Using a suitable pattern in the MMC internal circular currents, the DC current can be adjusted and the MMC can be brought to a new steady state with symmetrised arm energies within few milliseconds.
Optimising the structure of a cascaded modular battery system for enhancing the performance of battery packs
Authors: Fares Ahmed M. , Klumpner Christian , Sumner Mark
Published: May 2019

The overall performance of battery packs may be affected by imbalances between the series connected cells which is more likely in packs with high number of cells needed to provide a high voltage as needed for example in electric vehicles. In this case, the overall capacity and power capability of the pack are limited by the weakest cell in the stack which results in incomplete utilisation of the pack's capabilities. In traditional centralised battery systems (TCBS), this is addressed by implementing cell active/passive balancing circuitry/techniques which restore some of the pack's energy capability. This paper proposes the use of cascaded modular battery systems (CMBS) to remove the need for extra balancing circuitry and maximises the performance and reliability of a battery system containing unequal matched/aged cells. The analysis is assessing the CMBS overall system efficiency, reliability and weight compared to the TCBS for a design of a 300 V/3.6 kW battery system as a case study.
Effective integration of large‐scale wind power using PV‐STATCOM
Authors: Rafi M.A.H. , Vo T. , Nguyen P.H.
Published: May 2019

Integration of large scale wind farms into the electrical grid poses challenges due to the variable nature of the source of energy and the fact that induction generators, used in the wind turbines, lacking the voltage regulation capability or even, in some types, requiring reactive power support during operation. To solve this problem, large reactive power support is normally required and is usually provided by Flexible AC Transmission systems (FACTS) devices such as Static Var Compensator (SVC) or Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM). Due to the high investment cost of those equipment, an alternative solution using the existing infrastructure of wind and solar farms is investigated and proposed in this paper. The feasibility of the solution is verified using the case studies on the benchmarking system IEEE 39 Bus system performed under DIgSILENT/Power Factory platform.
Parallel operation of diode‐rectifier based HVDC link and HVAC link for offshore wind power transmission
Authors: Yu Lujie , Li Rui , Xu Lie
Published: May 2019

This paper investigates the integration of large offshore wind farms using parallel HVAC and diode‐rectifier based HVDC (DR‐HVDC) systems. Three different operation modes, i.e. HVAC operation mode, DR‐HVDC operation mode and parallel operation mode are investigated. A wind turbine control scheme including distributed control and centralised control is proposed to ensure the stable operation of the offshore wind farms under different operation modes. The proposed control requires no switching of the distributed control strategy when the operation mode is changed. Moreover, power flow between the DR‐HVDC link and HVAC link under parallel operation can be well controlled with the centralised control. Simulation results in PSCAD/EMTDC verify the proposed control during transition among the three operation modes.
Antioxidant activity and antifungal fractional inhibitory concentration indices of zinc oxide nanoparticles in combination with carbendazim, mancozeb, and thiram
Authors: Jamdagni Pragati , Rana J.S. , Khatri Poonam
Published: May 2019

The current study reports antioxidant and antifungal activity of green and chemically synthesised zinc oxide nanoparticles in combination with agricultural fungicides carbendazim, mancozeb, and thiram. Nanoparticles were synthesised using previously standardised procedure and characterised, which confirmed particle size of <100 nm. These nanoparticles were then analysed for their antifungal and antioxidant activity. For fractional inhibitory concentration analysis, nanoparticles were combined with fungicides and tested against five fungal phytopathogens, namely Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, and Penicillium expansum. Nanoparticles positively influenced the antifungal potential of all test fungicides and excellent synergism was observed against all tested fungi. Further, the antioxidant activity of the stated nanosuspension was accessed by conducting free radical scavenging assay using 1,1 diphenyl‐2‐picryl hydrazyl. L‐ ascorbic acid was used as a standard reference. Radical scavenging improved with increasing concentration of nanoparticles and percent scavenging as high as 87% was observed at 125 µg/mL. Thus, this work reports the synthesis of stable zinc oxide nanosuspension with good antifungal potential and efficient antioxidant activity.
Derivation of the physical parameters of the jet in S5 0836+710 from stability analysis
Authors: Vega-García L. , Perucho M. , Lobanov A. P.
Published: May 2019

Context. A number of extragalactic jets show periodic structures at different scales that can be associated with growing instabilities. The wavelengths of the developing instability modes and their ratios depend on the flow parameters, so the study of those structures can shed light on jet physics at the scales involved.

Aims. In this work, we use the fits to the jet ridgeline obtained from different observations of S5 B0836+710 and apply stability analysis of relativistic, sheared flows to derive an estimate of the physical parameters of the jet.

Methods. Based on the assumption that the observed structures are generated by growing Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability modes, we ran numerical calculations of stability of a relativistic, sheared jet over a range of different jet parameters. We spanned several orders of magnitude in jet-to-ambient medium density ratio, and jet internal energy, and checked different values of the Lorentz factor and shear layer width. This represents an independent method to obtain estimates of the physical parameters of a jet.

Results. By comparing the fastest growing wavelengths of each relevant mode given by the calculations with the observed wavelengths reported in the literature, we have derived independent estimates of the jet Lorentz factor, specific internal energy, jet-to-ambient medium density ratio, and Mach number. We obtain a jet Lorentz factor γ ≃ 12, specific internal energy of ε ≃ 10−2 c2, jet-to-ambient medium density ratio of η ∼ 10−3, and an internal (classical) jet Mach number of Mj ∼ 12. We also find that the wavelength ratios are better recovered by a transversal structure with a width of ≃10% of the jet radius.

Conclusions. This method represents a powerful tool to derive the jet parameters in all jets showing helical patterns with different wavelengths.
Detecting shocked intergalactic gas with X-ray and radio observations
Authors: Vazza F. , Ettori S. , Roncarelli M. , Angelinelli M. , Brüggen M. , Gheller C.
Published: May 2019

Detecting the thermal and non-thermal emission from the shocked cosmic gas surrounding large-scale structures represents a challenge for observations, as well as a unique window into the physics of the warm-hot intergalactic medium. In this work, we present synthetic radio and X-ray surveys of large cosmological simulations in order to assess the chances of jointly detecting the cosmic web in both frequency ranges. We then propose best observing strategies tailored for existing (LOFAR, MWA, and XMM) or future instruments (SKA-LOW and SKA-MID, Athena, and eROSITA). We find that the most promising targets are the extreme peripheries of galaxy clusters in an early merging stage, where the merger causes the fast compression of warm-hot gas onto the virial region. By taking advantage of a detection in the radio band, future deep X-ray observations will probe this gas in emission, and help us to study plasma conditions in the dynamic warm-hot intergalactic medium with unprecedented detail.
Tentative evidence of spatially extended GeV emission from SS433/W50
Authors: Sun Xiao-Na , Yang Rui-Zhi , Liu Bing , Xi Shao-Qiang , Wang Xiang-Yu
Published: May 2019

We have analyzed ten years of theFermiLarge Area Telescope data toward the SS433/W50 region. With the latest source catalog and diffuse background models, theγ-ray excess from SS433/W50 is detected with a significance of ~6σin the photon energy range of 500 MeV–10 GeV. Our analysis indicates that an extended flat disk morphology is preferred over a point-source description, suggesting that the GeV emission region is much larger than that of the TeV emission detected by the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) telescope. The size of the GeV emission is instead consistent with the extent of the radio nebula W50, a supernova remnant being distorted by the jets, so we suggest that the GeV emission may originate from this supernova remnant. The spectral result of the GeV emission is also consistent with a supernova remnant origin. Furthermore, we derive the GeV flux upper limits on the TeV emission region, which put moderate constraints on the leptonic models to explain the multiwavelength data.
Mathematical model of evaluating the quality of “smart city” transport interchanges functioning
Authors: Panteleeva Margarita , Borozdina Svetlana
Published: May 2019

The analysis of government policy documents conducted by the authors allowed to establish that the Russian Federation Transport System Development Strategy until 2020, developed back in 2004, does not have a comprehensive and detailed toolkit for the implementation of all the goals and objectives presented in it, in particular, there are no current models of management decision-making at the Russian transport system development in a “smart city. The authors found that the effective management of traffic in a “smart city” should provide load transport network on the brink of its capacity and to maintain a continuous uniform motion, including the relatively low speeds, and increase the level of social development. This formulation of the problem proposed by the authors is fundamentally changing the construction of transport management systems, control algorithms and thus the model on which they are based, are not needed “smart city.” Thus, the authors of the article developed a mathematical model for evaluating the efficiency of transport interchanges in the general system of transport development in the Russian Federation, taking into account the requirements of the “smart city” concept and the growing social effect.
Features of BIM-modeling of engineering systems of the construction object
Authors: Volkov Andrey , Chelyshkov Pavel , Brazhnikov Pavel
Published: May 2019

In this article, the possibilities of designing engineering systems of buildings with the use of information modeling tools are considered. In particular, the aspects of the process of designing power supply systems are discussed in detail. The analysis of software products on their adaptability to design problems and the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation is analyzed using the example of calculating the required illumination level for various types of premises (lighting engineering calculation).

The article considers two BIM-oriented programs performing the same process. In the course of the analysis, different approaches to accomplishing the task. In particular, similar program features were revealed, as well as their differences, which allow design engineers to develop project documentation with varying degrees of detail. Including a comparative analysis of the results of automated calculation with manual methods.
Efficiency of design offers on realization of ecological reconstruction in construction
Authors: Luchkina Veronika
Published: May 2019

In view of new construction market and National Project requirements, there is a growing demand in the construction environmental specialists in this field. The article analyses the results of scientific and practical developments in ecological restoration which are being implemented to a degree in the municipal economy and construction. This field of activity has been poorly researched in the studies yet, but it has been already used in construction of unique buildings and constructions, and ecological construction projects. The author has compared the assessment criteria of investment projects for standard (S) and energy-efficient houses (E). The life cycle analysis results provide for assessing the energy-efficient house and confirm that the rising cost at the construction stage is repaid for multiple times at the operation stage. The research has shown that the 2% investment rise for construction of the energy-efficient house would increase the return on investment by 10 times during the building life cycle. Such return is achieved due to energy cost saving. It can be noted that to construct an energy-efficient house as an option of ecological restoration design proposal implementation, various technologies which can both increase and reduce construction cost are used. The increased energy efficiency has a powerful economic and environmental effect and is of interest not only for the enterprises and creditors, but also for the public as to the positive results of the energy efficient project implementation, the increased economic and environmental safety of the country are the additional advantages of the energy efficient building construction that increase the attractiveness of such projects for the bank investment lending.
Analysis of the temperature distribution in the place of fixing the ventilated facade
Authors: Ujma Adam , Pomada Marta
Published: May 2019

Designers more and more often choose facade systems with ventilated layers for external walls, especially in the case of new buildings. They are also used to modernize existing buildings. Mechanical connectors are a characteristic element of these constructions. Often, they are ignored in calculating the heat balance of rooms and the entire building. Because they pierce the thermal insulation layer they cause point thermal bridges. The influence of thermal point bridges, usually made of aluminum, i.e. a material with very high thermal conductivity, for heat transfer turns out to be significant. Such thermal bridges significantly increase heat losses through building partitions. This situation increases the heat demand in the rooms to compensate for the heat loss. The article presents the results of the analysis of the impact of mechanical fasteners in ventilated facade systems on heat transfer in the building envelope. The influence of various materials and constructional solutions on the thermal conditions in these walls was investigated.
Efficient concrete increased water resistance modified with mineral and polymeric additives
Authors: Velichko Evgeniy , Polkovnikov Nikita , Sadchikova Yuliya
Published: May 2019

The article deals with issues of optimizing the composition of efficient concrete increased water resistance, reducing its cost without losing or increasing its basic properties. In recent years, the most effective method of tightness to water in the construction of buried and underground structures, as opposed to the use of bituminous and other traditional materials, is a method based on the use of concrete with increased water resistance. This type of tightness to water is called “White bath” in Europe. The essence of the technology is that the role of the impervious layer is performed directly by the concrete itself. The subject of the study is the composition of self-stressing concrete, which has a high density and fastness to water, but a high price compared to the concrete on Portland cement, which limits its wide application. The aim of the study is the development and optimization of the composition or stressing concrete with desired properties using a variety of mineral and polymeric additives to reduce the cost of the finished product while maintaining or improving the significant operational indicators.
Cost minimization for safety enhancing of timber beam structures in historical buildings
Authors: Alekseytsev Anatoly , Botagovsky Michael , Kurchenko Natalya
Published: May 2019

A search method for finding rational parameters of beam structure bearing capacity recovery systems has been developed. This task is relevant to historic buildings containing girders with structural damage. The solution search technique is implemented by the example of calculating the parameters for timber beams external bearing capacity restoration systems with local damage or destruction of supports. An adapted genetic algorithm is used as a tool to solving the problem. A feature of this algorithm is the use of an improved random change operator and the formation of an initial and subsequent solutions sets. In this case, classical evolutionary modelling operators are not used, and the preservation of solutions from iteration to iteration is performed based on modification of the well-known elitism principle. Such computational process has allowed increasing the convergence of the iterative optimization significantly for the tasks considered. Ensuring the structure safety is achieved by strength conditions and regulating the system deflection while minimizing the costs for its operation. Herewith, the objective function allows taking into account both the lump-sum costs for system restoration arrangement and the costs for maintaining its operation during the operation cycle. An example of restoring the beam bearing capacity with the loss of stiffness of its supporting and middle span sections has been considered.
Range of dynamic impact of geotechnical works on reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Wojtowicz Anna , Michałek Jarosław , Ubysz Andrzej
Published: May 2019

Impact of geotechnical works related to plunging piles in the ground and modification of the condition of the soil foundation for concrete in the early stage of its bonding, and influence on adhesion of reinforcing steel to concrete can determinate the target capacity of a reinforced concrete structure. Impact of vibrations testing on bond strength is only possible on real designs or models subjected to dynamic impact. The paper presents mechanisms of adherence reduction caused by relative displacement of reinforcing steel and concrete. Moreover, dynamic influences (frequencies and vibration velocities) measured on structures within and around construction sites, where geotechnical works were carried out were also compared. Data obtained after their statistical analysis might become the basis for modelling an experiment.
Mathematical problems of reliability assurance the building constructions
Authors: Orlov Victor , Kovalchuk Oleg
Published: May 2019

The paper deals with a mathematical model of console type based on the nonlinear differential equation having a mobile feature of the General solution (or a mobile singular point). The presence of mobile singular points indicates affiliation of this type of equations to the class of intractable in the general case in of quadratures. This fact, taking into account the interpretation of mobile singular point as the coordinate of structural failure, actualizes the development of an analytical approximate method for solving nonlinear differential equations. Taking into account these features for of structural analysis increases the authenticity of results and reliability of construction.
Determining the interfaces parameters for geotechnical modelling
Authors: Ter-Martirosyan Armen , Sidorov Vitalii , Almakaeva Anastasia
Published: May 2019

The article discusses the interaction of concrete structures with the soil, made on the basis of laboratory tests and numerical simulation. The objectives of the study were to obtain the strength characteristics at the contact of two different materials, to compare the obtained value of the strength reduction factor with the standard values, and also to determine the extent to which the interface must be taken into account when conducting numerical geotechnical calculations. The study was carried out using a direct shear test device, where the strength reduction factor was obtained, which characterizes the conditions of interaction between different materials at their contact. According to the results of numerical simulation, one can see how the consideration of the given characteristics of the material of the contact element affects the internal forces arising in the underground structure and its displacements. The test results showed that the particle diameter has a different effect on shear strength at the same level of normal stress. On the basis of the results obtained, conclusions were drawn on what needs to be paid more attention to when conducting laboratory tests, how strongly the consideration of contact elements with the correct set of properties affects the internal forces of the underground structure. Also, the remaining problems and factors not considered in this study determined the prospects for further research on the topic under consideration.
Modern geodetic techniques in the monitoring of historic buildings
Authors: Kuczyńska Gabriela , Stawska Magdalena , Walicka Anna
Published: May 2019

Historic buildings constitute a valuable cultural heritage, and at the same time due to the passage of time, they are exposed to a number of adverse factors. In order to preserve them in a non-deteriorated condition, it is necessary to provide comprehensive control of technical condition for these historic buildings, including regular geodetic measurements. This works includes a brief characterisation of the modern measurement techniques, as well as the presentation of possibilities of using the selected techniques for two historic buildings. The first one is the XIII-century cathedral, for which a network for testing vertical displacements was established and an initial measurement was performed. Moreover, a horizontal geodetic control network was implemented, intended for inventory works and the results of measurements were developed, combining angular-linear observations with GNSS vectors. The second building is the XX-century water tower, for which detailed architectural documentation of external walls was prepared on the basis of terrestrial laser scanning. The performed works confirm the need for geodetic monitoring of historic buildings and confirm the effectiveness of used measurement techniques.
Some remarks on statistic approach to strength testing of soil-cement composites
Authors: Kanty Piotr , Kiecana Monika , Prokopowicz Piotr
Published: May 2019

Results of laboratory testing of organic soil-cement samples are presented in the paper. The research program continues on the authors previously reported experiences with cement - organic soil sample testing. Over 150 compression tests have been carried out altogether. Several samples were cured for over 3 months before they were tested. Several factors, such as: the large amount of the pieces under test, long observation time, carrying out the tests in complex cycles of loading and the possibility of continuous registering the loads and deformation in the axial direction – made it possible to control numerous interdependencies, some of which have been presented in this work. Compressive strength and elastic modulus of cubic samples were examined. Samples were mixed and stored in laboratory conditions. The results clearly point to the fact that designing the DSM dry columns in the organic soil may be linked with a considerable risk and needs special precautions. During in situ mixing, the organic material surrounded by sand layers surely mixes with one another in certain areas. However, it has not been examined and it is difficult to assume such mixing already at the designing stage.