bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased Biomass of Nursery-Grown Douglas-Fir Seedlings upon Inoculation with Diazotrophic Endophytic Consortia
Authors: Khan Zareen , Kandel Shyam , Ramos Daniela , Ettl Gregory , Kim Soo-Hyung , Doty Sharon
Published: October 2015

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings are periodically challenged by biotic and abiotic stresses. The ability of endophytes to colonize the interior of plants could confer benefits to host plants that may play an important role in plant adaptation to environmental changes. In this greenhouse study, nursery-grown Douglas-fir seedlings were inoculated with diazotrophic endophytes previously isolated from poplar and willow trees and grown for fifteen months in nutrient-poor conditions. Inoculated seedlings had significant increases in biomass (48%), root length (13%) and shoot height (16%) compared to the control seedlings. Characterization of these endophytes for symbiotic traits in addition to nitrogen fixation revealed that they can also solubilize phosphate and produce siderophores. Colonization was observed through fluorescent microscopy in seedlings inoculated with gfp- and mkate-tagged strains. Inoculation with beneficial endophytes could prove to be valuable for increasing the production of planting stocks in forest nurseries.
Estimating Values of Carbon Sequestration and Nutrient Recycling in Forests: An Application to the Stockholm-Mälar Region in Sweden
Authors: Gren Ing-Marie
Published: October 2015

We calculate values of forest carbon sequestration and nutrient recycling applying the replacement cost method. The value is then determined as the savings in costs by the replacement of more expensive abatement measures with these ecosystem services in cost-effective climate and nutrient programs. To this end, a dynamic optimization model is constructed, which accounts for uncertainty in sequestration. It is applied to the Stockholm-Mälar region in southeast Sweden where the EU 2050 climate policy for carbon emissions and the Baltic Sea action plan for nutrient discharges are applied. The results show that the value of carbon and nutrient sequestration can correspond to approximately 0.5% of the region’s gross domestic product, or 40% of the value of productive forest. The largest part of this value is attributed to carbon sequestration because of the relative stringency in targets and expensive alternative abatement measures. However, sequestration is uncertain because of stochastic weather conditions, and when society has a large risk aversion for not attaining climate and nutrient targets, the values of the forest carbon and nutrient sequestration can approach zero.
Influence of Rhizobia Inoculation on Biomass Gain and Tissue Nitrogen Content of Leucaena leucocephala Seedlings under Drought
Authors: Pereyra Gabriela , Hartmann Henrik , Michalzik Beate , Ziegler Waldemar , Trumbore Susan
Published: October 2015

Anticipated increases in the frequency of heat waves and drought spells may have negative effects on the ability of leguminous trees to fix nitrogen (N). In seedlings of Leucaena leucocephala inoculated with Mesorhizobium loti or Rhizobium tropici, we investigated how the developmental stage and a short drought influenced overall biomass and the accumulation of carbon and N in plant tissues. In early developmental stages, the number of nodules and nodule biomass were correlated with total plant biomass and δ15N, and nodules and roots contributed 33%–35% of the seedling total N. Seedlings associated with R. tropici fixed more N and exhibited higher overall biomass compared with M. loti seedlings. Four and a half months after inoculation (140 days after inoculation, DAI), a short (15-day) drought inhibited seedling growth and caused a decline in total plant N, with the smallest decline in R. tropici seedlings. After 15 days of drought, i.e., 155 DAI, the nodules had accumulated proline, but the total amino acid concentration did not change. Our results indicate that N-fixation is independent of seedlings growth. In addition, R. tropici is a better choice than M. loti as a symbiont for Leucaena seedlings for forest restoration and agroforestry applications under increasingly drier conditions.
The Rhythm of Non-Places: Marooning the Embodied Self in Depthless Space
Authors: Roberts Les
Published: October 2015

Taking as its starting point the spatiotemporal rhythms of landscapes of hyper-mobility and transit, this paper explores how the process of “marooning” the self in a radically placeless (and depthless) space—in this instance a motorway traffic island on the M53 in the northwest of England—can inform critical understandings and practices of “deep mapping”. Conceived of as an autoethnographic experiment—a performative expression of “islandness” as an embodied spatial praxis—the research on which this paper draws revisits ideas set out in JG Ballard’s 1974 novel Concrete Island, although, unlike Ballard’s island Crusoe (and sans person Friday), the author’s residency was restricted to one day and night. The fieldwork, which combines methods of “digital capture” (audio soundscapes, video, stills photography, and GPS tracking), takes the form of a rhythmanalytical mapping of territory that can unequivocally be defined as “negative space”. Offering an oblique engagement with debates on “non-places” and spaces of mobility, the paper examines the capacity of non-places/negative spaces to play host to the conditions whereby affects of place and dwelling can be harnessed and performatively transacted. The embodied rhythmicity of non-places is thus interrogated from the vantage point of a constitutive negation of the negation of place. In this vein, the paper offers a reflexive examination of the spatial anthropology of negative space.
Ecological Network Construction Based on Minimum Cumulative Resistance for the City of Nanjing, China
Authors: Dong Jihong , Dai Wenting , Shao Guoquan , Xu Jiren
Published: October 2015

With economic growth and the improvement of the urbanization level, human activities have constantly interfered with landscape patterns, resulting in serious threats to regional ecological security. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the evolution and optimization of the landscape patterns. Based on three TM images from 1990, 2000, and 2010, and selected landscape pattern indexes, the changes in the landscape pattern of Nanjing in the past twenty years were studied based on landscape ecology theory using Remote Sensing (RS) and a Geographical Information System (GIS). The ecological network was built on the basis of extracted ecological nodes and the minimum cumulative resistance. The results show that changes in the landscape pattern of the city of Nanjing were notable. Class-level indexes indicate that the farmland landscape area decreased and the degree of patch fragmentation increased. The construction land area increased, and it tended to show dispersed distribution. The proportion of forest land increased and the shape of patches became more complex. The proportion of water firstly showed a decrease, followed by an increase, and the shape of the water became more regular. Landscape-level indexes indicate that biological diversity and the degree of fragmentation increased. Spatial heterogeneity of the natural landscape increased, and the patch shape of each landscape type developed similarly. The results also call for stepping-stones to enhance the connectivity and optimization of the ecological network, which will help improve ecological services and improve the landscape pattern of the city.
Microanalysis, Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Polysaccharide-Protein Complexes from Longan Pulp in Mice
Authors: Min Ting , Sun Jie , Yi Yang , Wang Hong-Xun , Hang Fei , Ai You-Wei , Wang Li-Mei
Published: October 2015

A high performance size exclusion-fluorescence detection (HPSEC-FD) method combined with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) prelabeling was established for the microanalysis of polysaccharide–protein complexes from longan pulp (LPP). FITC-labeled LPP (LPPF) was fractionated by gel filtration chromatography. The weight-average molecular weight and FITC substitution degree of LPPF were 39.01 kDa and 0.20%, respectively. The HPSEC-FD calibration curves linear over the range of 1–200 µg/mL in mouse plasma, spleen and lung samples with correlation coefficients greater than 0.995. The inter-day and intra-day precisions of the method were not more than 6.9%, and the relative recovery ranged from 93.7% to 106.4%. The concentration–time curve of LPPF in plasma following intravenous (i.v.) administration at 40 mg/kg body weight well fitted to a two-compartment model. LPPF rapidly eliminated from plasma according to the short half-lives (t1/2α = 2.23 min, t1/2β = 39.11 min) and mean retention times (MRT0–t = 1.15 h, MRT0–∞ = 1.39 h). After administration over 5 to 360 min, the concentration of LPPF in spleen homogenate decreased from 7.41 to 3.68 µg/mL; the concentration in lung homogenate decreased from 9.08 to 3.40 µg/mL. On the other hand, the increasing concentration of LPPF fraction with low molecular weight in heart homogenate was observed.
Adding Sarcosine to Antipsychotic Treatment in Patients with Stable Schizophrenia Changes the Concentrations of Neuronal and Glial Metabolites in the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Strzelecki Dominik , Podgórski Michał , Kałużyńska Olga , Stefańczyk Ludomir , Kotlicka-Antczak Magdalena , Gmitrowicz Agnieszka , Grzelak Piotr
Published: October 2015

The glutamatergic system is a key point in pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Sarcosine (N-methylglycine) is an exogenous amino acid that acts as a glycine transporter inhibitor. It modulates glutamatergic transmission by increasing glycine concentration around NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) receptors. In patients with schizophrenia, the function of the glutamatergic system in the prefrontal cortex is impaired, which may promote negative and cognitive symptoms. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy is a non-invasive imaging method enabling the evaluation of brain metabolite concentration, which can be applied to assess pharmacologically induced changes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of a six-month course of sarcosine therapy on the concentration of metabolites (NAA, N-acetylaspartate; Glx, complex of glutamate, glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA); mI, myo-inositol; Cr, creatine; Cho, choline) in the left dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in patients with stable schizophrenia. Fifty patients with schizophrenia, treated with constant antipsychotics doses, in stable clinical condition were randomly assigned to administration of sarcosine (25 patients) or placebo (25 patients) for six months. Metabolite concentrations in DLPFC were assessed with 1.5 Tesla 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Clinical symptoms were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The first spectroscopy revealed no differences in metabolite concentrations between groups. After six months, NAA/Cho, mI/Cr and mI/Cho ratios in the left DLPFC were significantly higher in the sarcosine than the placebo group. In the sarcosine group, NAA/Cr, NAA/Cho, mI/Cr, mI/Cho ratios also significantly increased compared to baseline values. In the placebo group, only the NAA/Cr ratio increased. The addition of sarcosine to antipsychotic therapy for six months increased markers of neurons viability (NAA) and neurogilal activity (mI) with simultaneous improvement of clinical symptoms. Sarcosine, two grams administered daily, seems to be an effective adjuvant in the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia.
Analysis of Two-Worm Interaction Model in Heterogeneous M2M Network
Authors: Ma Jinhua , Chen Zhide , Liu Jianghua , Zheng Rongjun
Published: October 2015

With the rapid development of M2M (Machine-to-Machine) networks, the damages caused by malicious worms are getting more and more serious. By considering the influences of the network heterogeneity on worm spreading, we are the first to study the complex interaction dynamics between benign worms and malicious worms in heterogeneous M2M network. We analyze and compare three worm propagation models based on different immunization schemes. By investigating the local stability of the worm-free equilibrium, we obtain the basic reproduction number R0 . Besides, by using suitable Lyapunov functions, we prove that the worm-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if R0 ≤ 1 , otherwise unstable. The dynamics of worm models is completely determined by R0 . In the absence of birth, death and users’ treatment, we obtain the final size formula of worms. This study shows that the nodes with higher node degree are more susceptible to be infected than those with lower node degree. In addition, the effects of various immunization schemes are studied. Numerical simulations verify our theoretical results. The research results are meaningful for us to further understand the spread of worms in heterogeneous M2M network, and enact effectual control tactics.
Study of a Steel’s Energy Absorption System for Heavy Quadricycles and Nonlinear Explicit Dynamic Analysis of its Behavior under Impact by FEM
Authors: López Campos José Ángel , Segade Robleda Abraham , Vilán Vilán José Antonio , García Nieto Paulino José , Blanco Cordero Javier
Published: October 2015

Current knowledge of the behavior of heavy quadricycles under impact is still very poor. One of the most significant causes is the lack of energy absorption in the vehicle frame or its steel chassis structure. For this reason, special steels (with yield stresses equal to or greater than 350 MPa) are commonly used in the automotive industry due to their great strain hardening properties along the plastic zone, which allows good energy absorption under impact. This paper presents a proposal for a steel quadricycle energy absorption system which meets the percentages of energy absorption for conventional vehicles systems. This proposal is validated by explicit dynamics simulation, which will define the whole problem mathematically and verify behavior under impact at speeds of 40 km/h and 56 km/h using the finite element method (FEM). One of the main consequences of this study is that this FEM–based methodology can tackle high nonlinear problems like this one with success, avoiding the need to carry out experimental tests, with consequent economical savings since experimental tests are very expensive. Finally, the conclusions from this innovative research work are given.
Thermal, Electrical and Surface Hydrophobic Properties of Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers for Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Alarifi Ibrahim , Alharbi Abdulaziz , Khan Waseem , Swindle Andrew , Asmatulu Ramazan
Published: October 2015

This paper presents an idea of using carbonized electrospun Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers as a sensor material in a structural health monitoring (SHM) system. The electrospun PAN fibers are lightweight, less costly and do not interfere with the functioning of infrastructure. This study deals with the fabrication of PAN-based nanofibers via electrospinning followed by stabilization and carbonization in order to remove all non-carbonaceous material and ensure pure carbon fibers as the resulting material. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to determine the ionic conductivity of PAN fibers. The X-ray diffraction study showed that the repeated peaks near 42° on the activated nanofiber film were α and β phases, respectively, with crystalline forms. Contact angle, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were also employed to examine the surface, thermal and chemical properties of the carbonized electrospun PAN fibers. The test results indicated that the carbonized PAN nanofibers have superior physical properties, which may be useful for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications in different industries.
Limonoids from the Seeds of Swietenia macrophylla and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities
Authors: Chen Li-Chai , Liao Hsiang-Ruei , Chen Pei-Yu , Kuo Wen-Lung , Chang Tsung-Hsien , Sung Ping-Jyun , Wen Zhi-Hong , Chen Jih-Jung
Published: October 2015

A new limonoid, swietemacrophin (1), was isolated from the seeds of Swietenia macrophylla, together with five known compounds 2–6. The structure of 1 was determined through extensive 1D/2D-NMR and mass-spectrometric analyses. Swietemacrophin (1), humilinolide F (2), 3,6-O,O-diacetylswietenolide (3), 3-O-tigloylswietenolide (4), and swietemahonin E (5) exhibited inhibition (IC50 values ≤ 45.44 μM) of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP). Compounds 1, 4, 5, and swietenine (6) showed potent inhibition with IC50 values ≤ 36.32 μM, against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) generation.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Nanocomposite Hydrogels
Authors: Spizzirri Umile , Curcio Manuela , Cirillo Giuseppe , Spataro Tania , Vittorio Orazio , Picci Nevio , Hampel Silke , Iemma Francesca , Nicoletta Fiore
Published: October 2015

Hydrogels sensitive to electric current are usually made of polyelectrolytes and undergo erosion, swelling, de-swelling or bending in the presence of an applied electric field. The electrical conductivity of many polymeric materials used for the fabrication of biomedical devices is not high enough to achieve an effective modulation of the functional properties, and thus, the incorporation of conducting materials (e.g., carbon nanotubes and nanographene oxide) was proposed as a valuable approach to overcome this limitation. By coupling the biological and chemical features of both natural and synthetic polymers with the favourable properties of carbon nanostructures (e.g., cellular uptake, electromagnetic and magnetic behaviour), it is possible to produce highly versatile and effective nanocomposite materials. In the present review, the recent advances in the synthesis and biomedical applications of electro-responsive nanocomposite hydrogels are discussed.
Thermal Properties of Methyl Ester-Containing Poly(2-oxazoline)s
Authors: Bouten Petra , Lava Kathleen , Van Hest Jan , Hoogenboom Richard
Published: October 2015

This paper describes the synthesis and thermal properties in solution and bulk of poly(2-alkyl-oxazoline)s (PAOx) containing a methyl ester side chain. Homopolymers of 2-methoxycarbonylethyl-2-oxazoline (MestOx) and 2-methoxycarbonylpropyl-2-oxazoline (C3MestOx), as well as copolymers with 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline (EtOx) and 2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline (nPropOx), with systematic variations in composition were prepared. The investigation of the solution properties of these polymers revealed that the cloud point temperatures (TCPs) could be tuned in between 24 °C and 108 °C by variation of the PAOx composition. To the best of our knowledge, the TCPs of PMestOx and PC3MestOx are reported for the first time and they closely resemble the TCPs of PEtOx and PnPropOx, respectively, indicating similar hydrophilicity of the methyl ester and alkyl side chains. Furthermore, the thermal transitions and thermal stability of these polymers were investigated by DSC and TGA measurements, respectively, revealing amorphous polymers with glass transition temperatures between -1 °C and 54 °C that are thermally stable up to >300 °C.
Modeling the Pyrolysis and Combustion Behaviors of Non-Charring and Intumescent-Protected Polymers Using “FiresCone”
Authors: Shi Long , Chew Michael , Novozhilov Vasily , Joseph Paul
Published: October 2015

A mathematical model, named FiresCone, was developed to simulate the pyrolysis and combustion processes of different types of combustible materials, which also took into account both gas and solid phases. In the present study, some non-charring and intumescent-protected polymer samples were investigated regarding their combustion behaviors in response to pre-determined external heat fluxes. The modeling results were validated against the experimental outcomes obtained from a cone calorimeter. The predicted mass loss rates of the samples were found to fit reasonably well with the experimental data collected under various levels of external irradiation. Both the experimental and modeling results showed that the peak mass loss rate of the non-charring polymer material occurred near the end of burning, whereas for the intumescent-protected polymer it happed shortly after the start of the experiment. “FiresCone” is expected to act as a practical tool for the investigation of fire behavior of combustible materials. It is also expected to model fire scenarios under complicated conditions.
Data Product Specification Proposal for Architectural Heritage Documentation with Photogrammetric Techniques: A Case Study in Brazil
Authors: Campos Mariana , Tommaselli Antonio , Ivánová Ivana , Billen Roland
Published: October 2015

Photogrammetric documentation can provide a sound database for the needs of architectural heritage preservation. However, the major part of photogrammetric documentation production is not used for subsequent architectural heritage projects, due to lack of knowledge of photogrammetric documentation accuracy. In addition, there are only a few studies with rigorous analysis of the requirements for photogrammetric documentation of architectural heritage. In particular, requirements focusing on the geometry of the models generated by fully digital photogrammetric processes are missing. Considering these needs, this paper presents a procedure for architectural heritage documentation with photogrammetric techniques based on a previous review of existing standards of architectural heritage documentation. The data product specification proposed was elaborated conforming to ISO 19131 recommendations. We present the procedure with two case studies in the context of Brazilian architectural heritage documentation. Quality analysis of the produced models were performed considering ISO 19157 elements, such as positional accuracy, logical consistency and completeness, meeting the requirements. Our results confirm that the proposed requirements for photogrammetric documentation are viable.
Optimal Data Acquisition and Height Retrieval in Repeat-Track Geosynchronous SAR Interferometry
Authors: Hu Cheng , Li Yuanhao , Dong Xichao , Long Teng
Published: October 2015

Geosynchronous synthetic aperture radar (GEO SAR) will move in a high orbit of ~36,000 km with a long integration time of hundreds of seconds. It is obviously impacted by orbital perturbations and the Earth’s rotation, which can give rise to un-parallel repeated tracks and induce a squint-looking angle in the repeat-track SAR interferometry (InSAR). Thus, the traditional data acquisition method using in the zero-Doppler centroid (ZDC) configuration to generate the GEO InSAR pair will bring about the obvious rotation-induced decorrelation. Moreover, the conventional height retrieval model with the broadside mode imaging geometry and the approximate expression of the interferometric baseline will induce large height and localization errors in the GEO InSAR processing. In this paper, a novel data acquisition method is firstly presented based on a criterion of optimal minimal rotational-induced decorrelation (OMRD). It can significantly improve the coherence of the InSAR pair. Then, considering the localization equations in the squint-looking mode and the accurate expression of the interferometric baseline, a modified GEO InSAR height retrieval model is proposed to mitigate the height and localization errors induced by the conventional model. Finally, computer simulations are carried out for the verification of the proposed methods. In a typical inclined GEO InSAR configuration, the averaged total correlation coefficient increases more than 0.4, and height errors of hundreds of meters and localization errors of more than 10 degrees are removed.
Fluorescence-Based Bioassays for the Detection and Evaluation of Food Materials
Authors: Nishi Kentaro , Isobe Shin-Ichiro , Zhu Yun , Kiyama Ryoiti
Published: October 2015

We summarize here the recent progress in fluorescence-based bioassays for the detection and evaluation of food materials by focusing on fluorescent dyes used in bioassays and applications of these assays for food safety, quality and efficacy. Fluorescent dyes have been used in various bioassays, such as biosensing, cell assay, energy transfer-based assay, probing, protein/immunological assay and microarray/biochip assay. Among the arrays used in microarray/biochip assay, fluorescence-based microarrays/biochips, such as antibody/protein microarrays, bead/suspension arrays, capillary/sensor arrays, DNA microarrays/polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based arrays, glycan/lectin arrays, immunoassay/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based arrays, microfluidic chips and tissue arrays, have been developed and used for the assessment of allergy/poisoning/toxicity, contamination and efficacy/mechanism, and quality control/safety. DNA microarray assays have been used widely for food safety and quality as well as searches for active components. DNA microarray-based gene expression profiling may be useful for such purposes due to its advantages in the evaluation of pathway-based intracellular signaling in response to food materials.
Multi-Modal Imaging with a Toolbox of Influenza AReporter Viruses
Authors: Tran Vy , Poole Daniel , Jeffery Justin , Sheahan Timothy , Creech Donald , Yevtodiyenko Aleksey , Peat Andrew , Francis Kevin , You Shihyun , Mehle Andrew
Published: October 2015

Reporter viruses are useful probes for studying multiple stages of the viral life cycle. Here we describe an expanded toolbox of fluorescent and bioluminescent influenza A reporter viruses. The enhanced utility of these tools enabled kinetic studies of viral attachment, infection, and co-infection. Multi-modal bioluminescence and positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging of infected animals revealed that antiviral treatment reduced viral load, dissemination, and inflammation. These new technologies and applications will dramatically accelerate in vitro and in vivo influenza virus studies.
A 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid–Gelatin Conjugate: The Synthesis, Antiviral Activity and Mechanism of Antiviral Action Against Two Alphaherpesviruses
Authors: Lisov Alexander , Vrublevskaya Veronika , Lisova Zoy , Leontievsky Alexey , Morenkov Oleg
Published: October 2015

Various natural and synthetic polyanionic polymers with different chemical structures are known to exhibit potent antiviral activity in vitro toward a variety of enveloped viruses and may be considered as promising therapeutic agents. A water-soluble conjugate of 2,5-dihydroxybezoic acid (2,5-DHBA) with gelatin was synthesized by laccase-catalyzed oxidation of 2,5-DHBA in the presence of gelatin, and its antiviral activity against pseudorabies virus (PRV) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1), two members of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, was studied. The conjugate produced no direct cytotoxic effect on cells, and did not inhibit cell growth at concentrations up to 1000 µg/mL. It exhibited potent antiviral activity against PRV (IC50, 1.5–15 µg/mL for different virus strains) and BoHV-1 (IC50, 0.5–0.7 µg/mL). When present during virus adsorption, the conjugate strongly inhibited the attachment of PRV and BoHV-1 to cells. The 2,5-DHBA–gelatin conjugate had no direct virucidal effect on the viruses and did not influence their penetration into cells, cell-to-cell spread, production of infectious virus particles in cells, and expression of PRV glycoproteins E and B. The results indicated that the 2,5-DHBA–gelatin conjugate strongly inhibits the adsorption of alphaherpesviruses to cells and can be a promising synthetic polymer for the development of antiviral formulations against alphaherpesvirus infections.
The Crisis of the Midlist Author in American Book Publishing
Authors: Mattera Philip
Published: October 2015

On apprendra ici comment un syndicat aide les auteurs obscurs, ceux qui se trouvent «au milieu» du catalogue d'un éditeur, et qui sont les plus nombreux, à protéger leurs œuvres et leurs revenus. C'est lors de la signature de leur contrat qu'ils doivent comprendre les enjeux et limiter l'arbitraire des éditeurs, des grosses maisons surtout ; mais le but recherché est de signer des accords généraux sur quelques principes avec les éditeurs, comme l'ont fait les Britanniques.
« Cet obscur objet du désir » : l’objet de collection dans la fiction fitzgeraldienne
Authors: Antolin Pascale
Published: October 2015

This paper seeks to demonstrate both the strategic and the heuristic role of collections in Fitzgerald's fiction. While they reveal the heroes' (sexual) desire, they also expose a double system of reference which is both mimetic and reflexive. They are thus symptomatic objects exhibiting a close link not only between desire and fiction but also between collector and author throughout the novelist's work.
Une grotte fréquentée au Néolithique Moyen à Waulsort, en province de Namur (Belgique)
Authors: Warmenbol Eugène , A. de Spiegeleire Michel
Published: October 2015

The material found in 1877, in the « T » cave in Walsort, belongs to the Middle Neolithic, up to now hardly represented in the Namur province. It consists mostly of a good hundred potsherds, among which three are rather plainly decorated, the fragment which gives its identity to the whole is decorated with little beads adorning the inside rim of the vase. Vessels decorated in such a manner belong to groups either belonging to the Michelsberg (Corbehem, Spiennes) of closely related (Menneville, Givry). Among the other objects, one must note a splinter of a polished tool, and among the bones found, some finger joints or second joints. Nothing, however, lets us think that we may be dealing with the furnishing of a sepulchral cave.
Cachet d'oculiste découvert à Clarques (Pas-de-Calais)
Authors: Delmaire Roland , Chevalier François
Published: October 2015

Romeins oculistencachet met inscriptie van het collyrium, aan de oppervlakte gevonden op het grondgebied van Clarques en afkomstig uit het antieke Terwaan. Het is het tweede exemplaar dat totnog toe gevonden werd.
Bavay : dix sept ans d'archéologie en milieu scolaire
Authors: Carlemez Jean-Claude , Carlemez Solange , Cornez Andrée , Chollet Danielle , Delsarte Marie-Christine , Tellier Paul-Hubert
Published: October 2015

Acht jaar lang, van 1968 tot 1976, was een archeologische club werkzam in het lyceum van Bavay. Men deed aan opgravingen en realiseerde tentoonstellingen. Na 1967 werd de club vervangen door een vrije (bestemd voor vrijwilligers) cursus van drie jaar, « Inleiding tot de archéologie ; van de opgraving tot de publicatie van de resultaten ». Via theoretische en practische lessen (over het opgraven, materiaalstudie — ook beenderen — epigrafie, Latijnse teksten) krijgen de leerlingen een behoorlijke archeologische vorming. Ze leren ook de Engelse technische woordenschat, observatietekenen en fotografie.

Het experiment heeft positieve resultaten opgeleverd (deelname aan opgravingen, het verschijnen van een tijdschrift) en het groepswerk en de vernieuwing van de pédagogie vie- len in goede aarde bij oud en jong. Het onderwijs heeft ervan mee geprofiteerd : het voor- beeld van Bavay vindt navolging.
Relational Nouns and Reciprocal Plurality
Authors: Staroverov Peter
Published: October 2015

n/a
Focus and Ellispsis in Comparatives and Superlatives- A Case Study
Authors: Gawron Jean Mark
Published: October 2015

No abstract
Gender as Individual Risk Factor for Elderly Abuse: Findings from First National Prevalence Study in Macedonia
Authors: Markovik Marijana , Jordanova Peshevska Dimitrinka
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND:Â  National prevalence study of elderly abuse in Macedonia intended to explore prevalence and risk factors of elder abuse and neglect. Â This paper is focused on influence of the gender as individual risk factor, according to ecological model, on elderly abuse and neglect.METHODS: Culturally validated questionnaire and Geriatric Depression scale was used for data collection. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) test, was used for sample selection. Cutting score was 20. The research was conducted through face-to-face interviews on the sample of 960 respondents aged 65 and over.RESULTS:Â  Evidenced were 32% abused and neglected from representative sample, living in private households, 19% of abused was female. In Macedonian study women are 1.6 times often victims of abuse than man. Only female respondents reported sexual abuse.CONCLUSION: Being female is risk factor for being exposed on any type of abuse and neglect, excluding financial abuse.
Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Responsiveness in Active Psoriatic Arthritis at Multiple Timepoints during the First 12 Weeks of Antitumor Necrosis Factor Therapy
Authors: Feletar Marie , Hall Stephen , Bird Paul
Published: October 2015

Objective.

To assess the responsiveness of high- and low-field extremity magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variables at multiple timepoints in the first 12 weeks post-antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy initiation in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and active dactylitis.

Methods.

Twelve patients with active PsA and clinical evidence of dactylitis involving at least 1 digit were recruited. Patients underwent sequential high-field conventional (1.5 Tesla) and extremity low-field MRI (0.2 Tesla) of the affected hand or foot, pre- and postgadolinium at baseline (pre-TNF), 2 weeks (post-TNF), 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. A blinded observer scored all images on 2 occasions using the PsA MRI scoring system.

Results.

Eleven patients completed the study, but only 6 patients completed all high-field and low-field MRI assessments. MRI scores demonstrated rapid response to TNF inhibition with score reduction in tenosynovitis, synovitis, and osteitis at 2 weeks. Intraobserver reliability was good to excellent for all variables. High-field MRI demonstrated greater sensitivity to tenosynovitis, synovitis, and osteitis and greater responsiveness to change posttreatment. Treatment responses were maintained to 12 weeks.

Conclusion.

This study demonstrates the use of MRI in detecting early response to biologic therapy. MRI variables of tenosynovitis, synovitis, and osteitis demonstrated responsiveness posttherapy with high-field scores more responsive to change than low-field scores.
Accès régulé à l’Université et implication et motivation des étudiants : l’exemple du Maroc
Authors: Côme Thierry , Yassine Abdelilah
Published: October 2015

Accroître l’implication et la motivation des étudiants ne peut qu’améliorer l’efficacité du système d’enseignement supérieur et participer à la réalisation de l’objectif de formation de 50 % d’une classe d’âge au niveau Licence. L’exemple marocain montre que le mode d’accès à l’université influe sur la motivation et l’implication des étudiants. Dès lors, la sélection ne doit plus permettre de choisir parmi les candidats les plus impliqués et motivés mais, sous forme d’orientation active, participer à la construction de l’implication et de la motivation chez les étudiants.
Reconnaissance automatique des mètres des vers russes : une approche statistique sur corpus
Authors: Pilshchikov Igor , Starostin Anatoli
Published: October 2015

Le but de cet article est de discuter les fondements théoriques de l'analyse rythmico-métrique et morphologico-accentuelle automatique de textes poétiques russes ainsi que les problèmes que pose ce type d'analyse et les solutions proposées. L'analyse métrique des textes poétiques écrits dans une langue à accent libre (comme le russe) devrait pouvoir s'appuyer sur l'analyse morphologique, à partir de laquelle on peut procéder soit à une désambiguïsation manuelle, soit à l'application d'éléments de l'analyse syntaxique avec désambiguïsation automatique, soit au développement d'une approche probabiliste. La dernière partie de cet article décrit une approche statistique sur corpus pour la description des mètres classiques (« explicites ») et non-classiques (« implicites ») russes. Mots-clés : métrique russe, reconnaissance automatique des mètres, approche probabiliste, approche statistique, approche basée sur corpus
Ponge/Braque : perspectives arrière-textuelles
Authors: Trouvé Alain
Published: October 2015

Les nombreux écrits de Ponge consacrés au peintre Braque renouvellent la critique d'art traditionnelle : ils constituent ce qu'on peut appeler, avec un courant de la théorie actuelle, un arrière-texte de la création picturale. Focalisés sur le geste créateur plus que sur le tableau lui-même qu'ils invitent à regarder d'un œil nouveau, ces écrits montrent dans le travail du peintre l'œuvre croisée du corps, de la culture et des circonstances. Si l'écriture pongienne joue poétiquement de la confusion entre langage et métalangage, favorisant l'identification du poète et du peintre dans une communauté choisie d'artistes, l'arrière-texte permet de saisir les inflexions historiquement datées d'un discours affirmant son détachement progressif des affaires temporelles. Regardant aussi en aval, l'arrière-texte permet de comprendre les enjeux philosophiques liés à l'interprétation de l'œuvre de Francis Ponge.
De la révolution de janvier à Sissi
Authors: Adly Amr , Degoutin Christophe
Published: October 2015

Cet article tente de montrer que la révolution qui s’est produite en Égypte était porteuse d’un projet politique libéral-démocrate. Les groupes révolutionnaires et les opposants au régime de Moubarak ont réussi à mobiliser des couches sociales substantielles en 2011 en demandant le respect des droits humains de base et la représentation de la volonté du peuple. La forte présence d’ouvriers mécontents, de classes moyennes appauvries et de populations urbaines défavorisées dans le mouvement de protestation n’a jamais débouché sur un projet politique visant un changement économique et social. Leurs revendications sont restées figées dans une économie morale nassériste où les revendications économiques et sociales sont en grande partie apolitiques et totalement dissociées de la démocratisation des relations entre la société et l’État. L’absence de projet de changement socio-politique a privé le processus révolutionnaire d’une large et solide coalition sociale.
7. L’échec en licence pour cause d’excès de travail... salarié
Authors: Dmitrijeva Jekaterina , du Parquet Loïc , L’Horty Yannick , Petit Pascale
Published: October 2015

Pour lutter contre l’échec dans l’enseignement supérieur, faut-il décourager ou encourager le travail salarié des étudiants ? Qu’est-ce qu’un emploi de qualité pour un étudiant ? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons expérimenté une plateforme de mise à disposition d’offres d’emploi à destination des étudiants de licence de l’Université du Maine, pendant deux années universitaires, de septembre 2010 à juin 2012. Plus de 2 000 offres d’emploi ont été collectées auprès des entreprises locales, très variées à la fois selon le niveau de rémunération (le plus souvent proche du SMIC), la durée du contrat et le secteur d’activité. Le principe de l’expérimentation a donc été d’élargir l’éventail des possibilités d’emploi offertes aux étudiants du groupe test, en leur permettant ainsi une meilleure conciliation entre les contraintes de la vie universitaire et celle d’un travail salarié. Nous montrons que l’expérimentation a effectivement accru les chances d’accès des étudiants à un emploi salarié. Pour autant, nous montrons que ce supplément d’activité salariée n’a pas eu d’effet négatif sur les résultats des étudiants à l’université. Il est donc possible d’améliorer la qualité des emplois exercés par les étudiants pour atténuer les effets négatifs d’un travail salarié sur la réussite à l’université.
Wearable Technology to Garner the Perspective of Dementia Family Caregivers
Authors: Matthews Judith T. , Campbell Grace B. , Hunsaker Amanda E. , Klinger Julie , Mecca Laurel Person , Hu Lu , Hostein Sally , Lingler Jennifer H.
Published: October 2015

Family caregivers of individuals with dementia typically have limited opportunity during brief clinical encounters to describe the dementia-related behaviors and interactions they find difficult to handle. Lack of objective data depicting the nature, intensity, and impact of these manifestations of the underlying disease further constrains the extent to which strategies recommended by nurses or other health care providers can be tailored to the situation. The current article describes a prototype wearable camera system used to gather image and voice data from the caregiver's perspective in a pilot feasibility intervention study conducted with 18 caregiving dyads. Several scenarios are presented that include salient events (i.e., behaviors or interactions deemed difficult by the caregiver or identified as concerning by the research team during screening) captured in the resulting video. The current authors anticipate future wearable camera systems and software will automate screening for salient events, providing new tools for assessment and intervention by nurses. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing
,
42
(4), 16–22.]
Accessibility
Authors: Kurubacak Gulsun , Yuzer T. Volkan
Published: October 2015

Distance experts specializes in the theory of learning and the design of online learning systems from global policies to glocal (global + local) cyber transparency Therefore, a distance experts must be adept at modeling and analyzing problem, and also must be able to design solutions and verify that they are correct that problem solving requires precision, creativity, and careful reasoning. Many problems in communication, education, science, engineering, health care, business, and other areas can be solved effectively with accessibility, but finding a solution requires both expertise and knowledge of the particular application domain. Thus, accessibility often becomes proficient in other subjects that distance learning can combine with in any discipline or industry because the accessibility opportunities for glocal cyber transparency transfer easily to many areas. Mathematicians, scientists and engineers all utilize distance education, but those who work in business, medicine, the humanities, law and education regularly employ the tenets of distance experts as well. In short, common tasks of accessibility include designing and implementing software, creating new uses for technologies, developing solutions to learning problems, and planning management infrastructures. The ability of distance learner in glocal world to adapt to new global policies is inevitably critical.
A Small Molecule Inhibitor of ITK and RLK Impairs Th1 Differentiation and Prevents Colitis Disease Progression
Authors: Cho Hyoung-Soo , Shin Hyun Mu , Haberstock-Debic Helena , Xing Yan , Owens Timothy D. , Funk Jens Oliver , Hill Ronald J. , Bradshaw J. Michael , Berg Leslie J.
Published: October 2015

In T cells, the Tec kinases IL-2–inducible T cell kinase (ITK) and resting lymphocyte kinase (RLK) are activated by TCR stimulation and are required for optimal downstream signaling. Studies of CD4+ T cells from Itk−/− and Itk−/−Rlk−/− mice have indicated differential roles of ITK and RLK in Th1, Th2, and Th17 differentiation and cytokine production. However, these findings are confounded by the complex T cell developmental defects in these mice. In this study, we examine the consequences of ITK and RLK inhibition using a highly selective and potent small molecule covalent inhibitor PRN694. In vitro Th polarization experiments indicate that PRN694 is a potent inhibitor of Th1 and Th17 differentiation and cytokine production. Using a T cell adoptive transfer model of colitis, we find that in vivo administration of PRN694 markedly reduces disease progression, T cell infiltration into the intestinal lamina propria, and IFN-γ production by colitogenic CD4+ T cells. Consistent with these findings, Th1 and Th17 cells differentiated in the presence of PRN694 show reduced P-selectin binding and impaired migration to CXCL11 and CCL20, respectively. Taken together, these data indicate that ITK plus RLK inhibition may have therapeutic potential in Th1-mediated inflammatory diseases.
A multibody approach applied to the study of driver injuries due to a narrow-track wheeled tractor rollover
Authors: Pascuzzi Simone
Published: October 2015

This paper proposes the use of the multibody approach to evaluate the severity of the injuries to the driver associated with rollover of an agricultural tractor. A simple rollover accident of a narrow-track wheeled tractor was simulated in the multibody-FEM Madymo environment and the biomechanical damage to the operator with and without 2-point pelvic restraint was analysed. The structure of the tractor was considered to be unbendable, whereas i) infinitely rigid, ii) clay-based and iii) sand-based soils have been studied. The obtained results highlight the important role played by the seat belt in confining the farm operator within the safety volume maintained by the rollover protective structure (ROPS) of the tractor so that the injuries are reduced. The deformation of the soil produces lower acceleration and velocity values than those obtained with a rigid soil. On the other hand, as soil plastic deformations increase, the penetration of ROPS into the soil also increases, thus reducing the safety volume of the tractor and increasing the probability of interactions between the operator and the soil.
Mudas de castanha-do-gurguéia micorrizadas sob níveis de esterco de caprinos
Authors: Oliveira José Jeremias Fernandes , Alixandre Tamnata Ferreira , Miranda João Marcos Sousa
Published: October 2015

A hipótese testada foi de que ocorre potencialização do crescimento de mudas castanha-do-gurguéia (Dipteryx lacunifera Ducke) em substrato formado com esterco caprino e inoculadas com Claroideoglomus etunicatum. Aos 90 dias após a semeadura foram avaliados: altura de planta, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, número de folíolos, comprimento radicular, diâmetro radicular, volume radicular, números de raízes secundarias, massa seca de raízes e, massa seca da parte aérea. Os índices de qualidade de mudas avaliados foram a relação entre a altura da parte aérea e o diâmetro do caule, a relação entre a massa seca da parte aérea e a massa seca da raiz e o índice de qualidade de Dickson. A inoculação do substrato com o isolado C. etunicatum promove o crescimento e incremento de fitomassa de mudas de castanha-do-gurguéia. O nível de 10% de esterco de caprino em areia promoveu o crescimento de mudas de castanha-do-gurguéia.
Influência da classe diamétrica no rendimento em madeira serrada de duas espécies nativas de Moçambique
Authors: Juizo Cláudio Gumane Francisco , Loiola Pedro Lício , Marchesan Raquel , Josséfa Celio Gregório , Chaóra Inoque João , Pereira da Rocha Márcio , Klitzke Ricardo Jorge
Published: October 2015

 Em um boletim técnico idealizado pela Organização das Nações Unidas para Alimentação e Agricultura foi ressaltada a importância de estudos em Moçambique para auxiliar as tomadas de decisões técnicas que visem à melhoria dos rendimentos nas serrarias do país. Em virtude das espécies utilizadas, bem como do baixo nível tecnológico do setor, desenvolveu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar o rendimento em madeira serrada de duas espécies tropicais, em uma serraria localizada na Província de Manica, cidade de Chimoio na região central de Moçambique. Para tanto, foram utilizadas árvores de Combretum imberbe (mondzo) e Pterocarpus angolensis (umbila), sendo selecionadas 12 toras para cada espécie. As toras de cada espécie foram classificadas em três classes diamétricas (quatro toras em cada classe). O desdobro das toras foi efetuado com serra fita, em modelo de desdobro tangencial sucessivo. O rendimento em madeira serrada, para as duas espécies avaliadas, aumentou em função da classe diamétrica, tendo diferenças estatísticas no rendimento em madeira serrada entre as duas espécies nas três classes diamétricas. C. imberbe apresentou maior rendimento em comparação a P. angolensis, sendo que os resultados considerados satisfatórios para o desdobro destas duas espécies de madeira nativas de Moçambique.