bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sobre el mito del amor romántico. Amores cinematográficos y educación
Authors: Pascual Fernández Alicia
Published: June 2021

En este trabajo se analiza la conceptualización teórica, social y afectiva del amor en la cultura occidental. Una construcción social y cultural que ha influido en la educación y vida de las mujeres a lo largo de la historia. La idea occidental del “amor romántico” ha servido a los distintos poderes para perpetuar un sistema social patriarcal  que promueve la desigualdad entre hombres y mujeres. Unas formas de amar que se aprenden desde los núcleos familiares, grupos de pares y productos culturales. Así, analizamos el mito del amor romántico patriarcal desde textos y lecturas feministas para comprender el porqué de su origen y, en especial, su continuidad en el presente. El amor romántico es uno de los ejes temáticos centrales de muchos productos culturales, desde la literatura al cine, generando discursos con gran impacto en la construcción de la subjetividad e identidad de las personas. Siendo la adolescencia una época difícil en la que los grupos de pares y la presión social tienen gran impacto en la construcción de la identidad, dentro de la Educación sexual y afectiva, el cine se puede convertir en un aliado. Un aliado en la formación de unos estudiantes más libres y críticos.
Recite, play and pronounce english joyfully with rhymes and chants!
Authors: Stephenson Wilson Jean Todd
Published: June 2021

In this article nursery rhymes and chants are described. These are poems which are authentic, and poems which have been composed specifically for the teaching of languages, respectively. They offer many benefits, such as the development of the listening and the speaking skills, insights into Anglophone cultures, and enjoyment for both teacher and children. Nursery rhymes and chants inspire games, handicrafts and acting out, and ideas are given for exploiting them successfully in the Primary classroom.
Editorial Nº 2
Authors: Ortiz-Molina María Angustias
Published: June 2021

Presenta el estado actual de la revista y de este número en particular
Determinantes económicos de la migración
Authors: Roldán Báez Antonio Manuel
Published: June 2021

La migración económica es una fiel manifestación de la creciente desigualdad que caracteriza al mundo contemporáneo. Pero constituye una alternativa vital para 200 millones de personas, que son incapaces de satisfacer las necesidades humanas (propias y familiares) en sus países de origen. Aquí se analizan las razones económicas de este fenómeno: desde el estancamiento económico y el deterioro del mercado de trabajo, con la secuela del desempleo persistente; pasando por la transformación de las estructuras económicas mundiales, la pobreza, los salarios de miseria y la explotación, la desregulación laboral, las estrategias monopolistas que sacrifican el desarrollo humano por el beneficio, la corrupción, e incluso la aceleración del cambio climático por motivo económico. Como propuesta alternativa, se propone un cambio radical de las políticas económicas, que garanticen el desarrollo humano de todos mediante políticas redistributivas del ingreso y de la riqueza. ¡A no ser que los opulentos estén indispuestos a consentirlo!
Portada
Authors: Sadio-Ramos Fernando José , Ortiz-Molina María Angustias
Published: June 2021

Los 2 firmantes son los autores del concepto y diseño de la portada y la contraportada de la versión electrónica de DEDiCA. REVISTA DE EDUCAÇÃO E HUMANIDADES
Poiesis y topos. Huertopoema, la identidad poética
Authors: Méndez Fernández Holga
Published: June 2021

No se puede reflejar el contexto cultural propio si no se conoce otro. Uno necesita extraerse de su propio contexto a fin de comprender la diferencia. Huertopoema condensa esta visión de la identidad poética, del espacio de cultivo y el poema; en búsqueda del equilibrio en el uso del topos como huerto y como forma de vida artística; las labores del campo: labranza y cosecha, son sinónimas de poiesis. Su principio fundamental se apoya en un orden espacial elemental y en disposiciones racionales, así como en una gramática comparada que cifra su interpretación y su saber no ya en la estética, sino a través de la intuición. Como una escultura, como una partitura, como una pintura, un poema hecho huerto; al igual que se disponen las palabras en la página, las piezas en el espacio de la sala, un huertopoema funciona como una obra total: tierra, agua, aire, día, noche, frutales, vegetales, animales y personas conviven, viven, hacen el huertopoema. Hay una referencia directa a la “poesía concreta”, a la música concreta; sin ir muy lejos las referencias a las obras de Erik Satie, John Cage, Vicente Huidobro, Ian Hamilton Finlay, Joan Brossa, Marcel Duchamp… La poesía visual. Los poemas objeto.
El aprendizaje musical y artístico desde una perspectiva intercultural: caso de estudio la Escolanía del Sagrado Corazón de Rosales
Authors: Sirera Serradilla Belén
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es doble: por un lado, identificar las diversas agrupaciones musicales corales en los centros educativos como nuevas fórmulas de aprendizaje musical y artístico, presentando los aspectos interculturales que fomentan en el alumnado. Por otro lado, analizar el caso concreto de la Escolanía del Sagrado Corazón de Rosales (Madrid), que cuenta con una exitosa carrera profesional pues colabora desde su creación con las mejores orquestas del mundo. La escolanía fue fundada por Don César Sánchez en 2005. Desde sus inicios fui ayudante de dirección y pianista, y desde hace cinco años soy su directora titular. Los ejes en que se basará mi exposición son: la música popular y folclórica, como base del conocimiento del pueblo; las adaptaciones musicales de repertorio de otras culturas, y el empleo de diversidad de lenguas en las interpretaciones, lo que conlleva un conocimiento de las características artísticas y sociales de países y regiones diferentes al propio. Concluiré mostrando cómo en un centro con 750 alumnos y alumnas aproximadamente coexiste una pre-escolanía de 40 niños, una escolanía de 60 y otras dos agrupaciones corales junto con la importancia de mantener la interculturalidad en la formación del alumnado.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (SWM) : TINJAUAN MANAJEMEN PENGUMPULAN LIMBAH PADAT DI BEBERAPA NEGARA
Authors: Ginantaka Aditia
Published: June 2021

Setiap komunitas masyarakat yang hidup di dalam sebuah ekosistem selalu menghasilkan limbah padat. Sistem penanganan limbah padat yang baik sangat diperlukan, mulai dari pengumpulan, penampungan sementara hingga pembuangan akhir. Hal tersebut bertujuan untuk meminimalisir dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan. Artikel ini menjelaskan hasil review dari beberapa literatur pada aspek infrastruktur pengumpulan limbah (collection infrastructure) terutama yang dihasilkan oleh masyarakat. Tujuan dari paper ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menelaah beberapa teknik pengumpulan limbah padat di beberapa negara sehingga dapat dijadikan referensi bagi pengembagan teknik penanganan limbah di Indonesia. Hasil studi menunjukan bahwa sistem pengumpulan solid waste merupakan aspek terpenting dari pengelolaan dan penanganan solid waste diberbagai negara. Kombinasi proses pengumpulan antara petugas pemerintah dan pihak swasta merupakan pilihan strategi yang paling efisien, yang dapat diatur melalui mekanisme peraturan daerah
The immune system and endometriosis
Authors:   Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan, Appazova Leila , Akhmaltdinova Lyudmila ,   Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the literature data on the immune system and endometriosis. The features of the immune system, as well as the mechanisms of endometriosis development in the case of immune system dysfunction, are considered. Aim. To study the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Material and methods. To analyze the literature, we searched for information about this problem up to 10 years deep in PubMed/MEDLINE, PMC, and Web of Sсiеnce. The following terms were used individually or in combination: "genital endometriosis", "immune system", "cytokines", "autoantibodies". The search criteria were key studies related to genital endometriosis and the immune system: meta-analyses, original studies, retrospective and cohort studies. Results and discussion. There is a need to improve understanding of the potential origin of the General immunopathophysiology of endometriosis in order to identify therapeutic target areas that may allow relief or, ultimately, prevention of this disease. Immunological markers in this aspect have certain prospects. Conclusion. Although the role of cytokines in the development of endometriosis has been determined, it is not well understood. In this regard, it is difficult to clearly determine how they affect the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Keywords: endometriosis, immune system, cytokines, autoantibodie.
The significance of Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) in humans
Authors:   Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Balmukhanova Altynay , Kanatbayeva Assiya ,   Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kabulbayev Kairat ,   Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Karasayev Maxsot ,   Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Batyrbayeva Dinara ,   Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

Nowadays chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the leading chronic non-communicable diseases in terms of morbidity and mortality. One of the most serious complications is mineral-bone disorder, which worsen the clinical course and prognosis of patients. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is a new biomarker that regulates phosphate metabolism and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many complications in CKD. Purpose. To study the physiological role of FGF-23, as well as its potential clinical significance in the progression of CKD and its complications. Material and methods. A 20-year-deep literature search was conducted in the international scientific databases PubMed / Medline, Web of Science and Google Scholar for the following keywords: "Fibroblast growth factor 23", "FGF-23", "phosphate homeostasis", "chronic kidney disease", "Mineral and bone disorders", "left ventricular hypertrophy". Results and discussion. FGF-23 is a protein secreted by bone cells and its primary physiological role is to regulate urinary excretion of phosphate to maintain a stable level in serum. Moreover, FGF-23 decreases calcitriol levels and inhibits parathyroid hormone secretion. In CKD, there is a gradual increase in FGF-23 levels as renal function declines, which can be regarded as physiological compensation to stabilize serum phosphate levels. According to the several studies, FGF-23 might be associated with cardiovascular complications, such as left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. Conclusion. Thus, FGF-23 is not only a marker of mineral-bone disorders in CKD, but also a key link in the pathogenesis of the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism and cardiovascular complications. With this in mind, FGF-23 may represent a multifunctional therapeutic target that may improve the prognosis of patients with CKD. Keywords: fibroblast growth factor-23, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, left ventricular hypertrophy, mineral-bone disorder.
Series of COVID-19 outbreaks in several settlements of Mangistau Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors:   Aykimbayev National Scientific Center for Especially Dangerous Infections, Health Ministry, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Syzdykov Marat , Byurabekova Lyudmila ,   Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan, Sadvakasov Nurkan ,   Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan, Kuznetsov Andrey ,   Aykimbayev National Scientific Center for Especially Dangerous Infections, Health Ministry, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Yerubayev Toktasyn ,   Aykimbayev National Scientific Center for Especially Dangerous Infections, Health Ministry, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Daulbayeva Svetlana ,   Kazakhstan-Russian Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kussainova Arman ,   Kazakhstan-Russian Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 is a severe disease, which mainly affects respiratory system and causes lung failure. The disease spread dramatically over the world, including Kazakhstan. Between March 13 and September 30, 2020, a total of 107,979 laboratory confirmed cases of COVID-19 were registered in the republic. The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 outbreaks in five localities of Beyneu and Karakiya districts of Mangistau region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Mangistau region for the period from 31 May 2020 till 06 June 2020 to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of several COVID-19 outbreaks, and to assess the effectiveness of implemented intervention. Results. In the Mangistau region, in the oil production area, five outbreaks of COVID-19 were registered: two in the Beyneu region (Beyneu settlement and Borankul village), one in the Karakiyan region (Senek village) and two at the Kalamkas and Zhetibay oil fields, where there were foci with the number of cases from two to 100 cases. Discussion. The main reason for the spread of the disease was overcrowding and cross-contact between oilfield workers, which influenced the registration of outbreaks among workers in field camps. The active movement of workers between camps, the involvement of medical workers with no experience in using PPE to work at checkpoints and local hospitals, as well as the presence of a confirmed case of COVID-19 at funerals where participants did not use respiratory protection also influenced the spread of infection. Conclusions. This article describes the epidemiologic features of the outbreak series in five settlements located in the oil production zone of Mangistau region of Kazakhstan during May - June of 2020. An exponential increase in numbers of COVID-19 patients in Beyneu district appeared to be caused by exposure among the members of in canteens and dormitories for shift workers in oil-producing areas with the additional community- and hospital-transmission. Keywords: COVID-19, outbreaks, Kazakhstan.
Erythropoetin stimulates tissue repair in experimental wounds
Authors:   Medical University of Astana, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, Toleubayev Medet ,   Multidisciplinary City Hospital No 1, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, Dmitriyeva Mariya ,   Medical University of Astana, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kozhakhmetov Saken ,   Medical University of Astana, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan; Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, Igissinov Nurbek ,   Medical University of Astana, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan; International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic; Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan; Eurasian Institute for Cancer Research, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, Omarov Talgat ,   Medical University of Astana, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, Nigmet Yermek ,   University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
Published: June 2021

The efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) is being studied in the context of wound management. The ability of EPO to stimulate cell proliferation was found, which is of great importance in the complex process of wound healing. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of using EPO for wound healing in a rat model. Material and methods. We examined 24 wounds simulated in the interscapular region of a rat, which were divided into 2 groups: a group with standard treatment, a group with EPO treatment at a dosage of 400 IU/kg, s/c. Planimetry of the wound was performed at the appointed time. Also, histological examination of wound tissue samples was carried out. Results. Differences in reduction and change in wound size in the EPO group were more significant than in the standard treatment group. Conclusions. The experiment demonstrated an improvement in wound healing with EPO treatment compared with standard treatment, which led to a decrease in wound size and a shorter healing period. Keywords: erythropoietin, EPO, angiogenesis, wound treatment.
Dynamics of the NK cell cytolytic activity in acute myocardial infarction: the role of circulating immune complexes
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Nurgalieva Gulzada , Shuratova Svetlana ,   Kazakhstan-Russian Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Zakiryanova Gulnur ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Belyaev Nikolay ,   Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Department of New Technologies, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Published: June 2021

NK cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, using their cytotoxic mechanisms that promote the initiation, progression, and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques that leads to acute myocardial infarction. However the data about their cytolytic activity in post-infarction period remain controversial. The aim of this work was to study the dynamics of changes in the NK cell cytolytic activity within three weeks after acute myocardial infarction in connection with the level of circulating immune complexes in the peripheral blood. Material and methods. 16 healthy donors and 35 patients after the development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on the 1st, 7th and 21st days was studied for the NK cell cytolytic activity of the mononuclear fraction of peripheral blood, evaluated by the cytolysis of erythroleukemia K-562 cells in vitro and levels of serum circulating immune complexes (CIC) using the method of precipitation with polyethylene glycol-6000. Results and discussion. In the most patients, AMI led to functional anergy of NK cells, but in the smaller part of patients, the increase in their cytotoxicity was observed. The post-infarction period was characterized by an increased content of CIC, the level of which positively correlated with the development of functional anergy of NK cells. Possible mechanisms for the development of both functional anergy and an increase in NK cell activity in the post-infarction period are discussed. Keywords: аcute myocardial infarction, NK cells, circulating immune complexes.
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) and chronic kidney disease in children
Authors:   Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Balmukhanova Altynay , Kabulbayev Kairat ,   Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kanatbayeva Assiya ,   Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is a complex medical and social problem in healthcare. One of the serious complications is mineral bone disorder (MBD), the pathogenesis of which is related to a new biomarker of bone origin - fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23). The aim. To study the features of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) in children with chronic kidney disease. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 73 children with CKD and 14 healthy children. Inclusion criteria: chronic kidney disease stage 1-5, written informed consent of the participants. The exclusion criteria: tubulopathy, infectious and inflammatory processes, oncological diseases, kidney transplant, condition after surgery, taking glucocorticosteroids, calcium and vitamin D drugs. We took fasting blood samples of participants and carried out an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in order determine the level of FGF-23 (Biomedica Medizinprodukte GmbH, Austria). The obtained data were analyzed using IBM SPSS, version 22 (New York, USA). Results and discussion. In healthy children, the median (Q1-Q3) level of FGF-23 in serum was 0.65 (0.22-0.98) pmol/l, in patients with stage 1 CKD it was 0.65 (0.22-1.08) pmol/l. At stage 2, the level of FGF-23 significantly increased in comparison with healthy individuals and with patients of stage 1, p≤0.05. Further, there is a gradual increase by stages, p≤0.05. Thus, in stage 3 patients, the median FGF-23 value was 1.9 (1.15-3.5) pmol/l, at stage 4 - 3.55 (2.48-6.35) pmol/l, at 5 stages - 14 (7.5-18.75) pmol/l. As a percentage, there were 7.1% of patients at the stage 1 with increased levels of phosphatonin, at stage 2 - 53.3%, at stage 3 - 69.2%, respectively. At stages 4 and 5, absolutely 100% of patients had high levels of FGF-23. At the same time, FGF-23 did not depend on gender, age, birth weight and type of renal replacement therapy at stage 5, p>0.05. Conclusions. Thus, in our study, we determined the features of changes FGF-23 in serum in children at various stages of CKD. The obtained results allow us to consider FGF-23 as a predictor of the clinical course of CKD. Keywords: fibroblast growth factor 23, phosphatonin, pediatric nephrology, chronic kidney disease, mineral-bone disorder.
Editorial challenges in the digital era: a proposal for building an online magazine
Authors: Gil Francisco
Published: June 2021

This work aims to show the development of
an editorial project that, with the objective of giving voice to different
points of view on transversal topics to society, proposes to adopt the new
editorial paradigm and adapt to the new reality in accessing content for
dialogue, and sharing ideas. The study methodology is based on the analysis of
reading patterns and access to content through electronic devices, which allows
the adoption of a responsive design for the publication of chronicles,
photographic images, comics and comic strips in a fully electronic, online and
open access format.
“We do exist”: The Experiences of Women Living with a Sexual Interest in Minors
Authors: Lievesley Rebecca , Lapworth Rhia
Published: June 2021

The current body of literature studying minor-attracted persons (MAPs) predominantly focuses on the experiences of men who experience sexual attractions to children. To shed more light on the experiences of women within this population, we conducted anonymous semi-structured interviews with six self-identified female MAPs, who were recruited through online support forums for individuals with sexual attractions to children. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to analyze the interview transcripts. Two superordinate themes were identified from the dataset that highlighted the uniqueness of the experience of being a woman within the MAP community (“A minority within a minority”) and themes of social isolation and the effects of this on identity (“A lonely secret existence”). The findings reported here highlight how the experiences of female MAPs both converge with and diverge from their male counterparts in important ways. We discuss the implications of these experiences in relation to more effective service provision for women who are sexually attracted to children.
ANALISIS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN HIPOTESIS DEDUKTIF SEBAGAI PENDIDIKAN PROGRESIF PADA PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA
Authors: Aprilia Ayu Amelia , Nana
Published: June 2021

Tujuan penulisan ini untuk menganalisis model pembelajaran Hipotesis-Deduktif sebagai pendidikan progresif pada pembelajaran fisika. Penulisan ini dilatar belakangi kurang tepat dan kurang bervariasinya pemilihan model pembelajaran pada kegiatan belajar di kelas khususnya pelajaran fisika. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan dengan mengkaji beberapa literatur untuk dianalisis kemudian dibuat kesimpulan. Model Pembelajaran Hipotesis Deduktif adalah model pembelajaran yang dalam kegiatannya dimulai dengan menggali pengetahuan umum atau pengetahuan awal siswa pada apa yang akan dipelajari. Model pembelajaran Hipotesis Deduktif berorientasi pada proses yang dapat mengembangkan keterampilan dasar siswa, khususnya keterampilan proses sains siswa. Hasil studi literatur dari beberapa referensi terpercaya, bahwa model pembelajaran Hipotesis-Dedektif termasuk dalam pendidikan bersifat progresif pada pembelajaran fisika dimana siswa mengalami dan menemukan sendiri konsep-konsep materi serta mengaitkan dalam kehidupan sosial.
People are Insensitive to Within-Category Feature Correlations in Categorization
Authors: Seitz Florian Ismael , Jarecki Jana Bianca , Rieskamp Jörg
Published: June 2021

This work compares two types of psychological similarity in categorization. Similarity is a central component of categorization theories. Exemplar theories, for instance, assume that people categorize new exemplars based on their similarity to previous category members. Traditionally, the underlying psychological similarity is based on the sum of two exemplars' squared feature value differences (Euclidean similarity). The Euclidean similarity, however, ignores the distribution of exemplars within categories by assuming uncorrelated features within categories. The Mahalanobis similarity, in turn, extends the Euclidean similarity by accounting for within-category feature correlations. Results from machine learning have shown that in categorization problems involving correlated features within categories, the Mahalanobis similarity can outperform the Euclidean similarity. On the empirical side, results from psychology indicate that people can be sensitive to within-category feature correlations: Some findings suggest a general sensitivity for within-category feature correlations, yet others have argued that this sensitivity depends on the category structure, task format, and amount of training. The present work rigorously tested the correlation-insensitive Euclidean similarity against the correlation-sensitive Mahalanobis similarity to investigate if people use within-category feature correlations in categorization.
A Different Perspective on Personality: An Evolutionary Theory of Universal Values
Authors: Griffiths Neil , Thomas Kevin , Dyer Bryce
Published: June 2021

Traits and personal values are important components of personality. The Schwartz (1992) system provides a comprehensive means of measuring the latter, but neither the Big Five or its HEXACO update provides a comprehensive and systematic means of measuring the former. Despite this, there is a tendency in academia for personality research to focus on traits. Previous research shows that values, like traits, are heritable and can be read reliably by others. Also, unlike traits, differences in values have been shown to support popular perceptions regarding the personality differences of siblings and only-children. Building from foundations in physical science and drawing from research in evolutionary biology and complexity theory, we present a theory that suggests Schwartz’s system of values represents and evolved from universal schema. According to this, equivalents of all values are present in the universal system and internalised hierarchically as local systems become increasingly complex and adaptive. It states that equivalents of benevolence and the conservation values are present in all stable systems, that organisms increasingly internalise equivalents to the self-enhancing values, until, with the evolution of intelligence, equivalents to the pro-change values of hedonism, stimulation and self-direction are internalised. While the independent thought and action associated with self-direction, and an ability to recognise one’s place in a wider system (universalism) are not unique to humanity, they are uniquely developed in humanity, and only in humanity does reciprocal altruism (benevolence) operate rationally and universally. We conclude by providing testable hypotheses and examples of sympathetic cultural developments.
Latent Attitude Method for Trend Analysis with Pooled Survey Data
Authors: Wang Donghui , Xie Yu , Huang Junming
Published: June 2021

Millions of people are surveyed every year regarding their attitudes toward various topics. Together these surveys have produced a large corps of data that document how people think collectively toward various aspects of contemporary social life.The wealth of the attitude surveys has promoted scholars to move beyond the single-survey analysis. However, the use of survey data for studying trends in attitudes is handicapped by a measurement difficulty: different surveys have used different survey instruments to measure the same attitude and thus have generated data that strictly non-comparable. We propose the Latent Attitude Method (LAM) to address this issue. Our method borrows strength from two research traditions: (1) the latent variable method in attitude research and (2) the comparable distribution condition in survey design and evaluation. The core of this method is that, when two or more surveys overlap in a given year, we assume that the same latent attitude is measured as if two measurement scales are randomly given to two independent samples drawn from the same population. Thus, we can assume the same statistical properties for the latent attitude. In so doing, we are able to reduce the number of unknowns to be less than the number of established equations and estimate the best-fit parameters with maximum likelihood method. We demonstrate the utility of the method with simulated data, and apply the method to an empirical example of estimating America’s attitude toward China from 1974 to 2019.
Sexual Risk Behavior among Youths of Nepal: Further analysis of Nepal Demographic Health Survey
Authors: Kakchapati Sampurna , Oli Sumina , Bhandari Dikshika
Published: June 2021

Background: The period of youth is the time of major physical changes in the body that precedes psychosocial maturity. The curious mind of youths predisposes them to practice sexual risk behaviors. The aim of this study is to identify the sexual risk behavior and factors associated with sexual behaviors among youths of Nepal.

Methodology: This was a retrospective analysis of 6524 youths aged 15-24 years using data obtained from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey for the year 2016.  The outcome was sexual behaviors and the determinants were socio-demographic characteristics and smoking. Statistical analysis was done using chi-square tests to assess statistically significant associations between determinants and outcome. In order to identify the most important determinants with the outcome, significant predictors in the univariate analysis were then included in logistic regression.

Results: The prevalence of premarital sex among the youths was 5.2%, nearly half of them were sexually active and 5.5% had multiple sex partners. Variables that were significantly associated with premarital sex in the presence of other variables included male gender (AOR=6.3,95% CI=4.3,13.2) and smoker (AOR=2.4, 95%CI=1.8,3.16). Variables that were significantly associated with recent sexual activity in the presence of other variables included female gender (AOR=1.36,95%CI=1.18,1.58), age group (AOR=8.3,95% CI= 7.3,9.3), rural residence (AOR=1.4, 95% CI=1.26,1.62), illiterate youths (AOR=4.34,95% CI=3.27,5.76), poor wealth index (AOR=0.6, 95% CI=0.5,0.68) and smoker (AOR=3.38,95% CI=2.57,4.46). Variables that were significantly associated with multiple sexual partners in the presence of other variables included male gender (AOR=5.5, 95% CI=2.58,7.05) and smoker (AOR=2.2,95% CI=1.6,3.05). 

Conclusion: The male and smoker youths were more likely to practice all forms of sexual risk behaviors. This study recommends the need for further studies to understand the factors responsible for sexual risk behavior among youths. Furthermore, it is imperative to provide comprehensive sexuality education for youths.
Structural, Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Defected Water Adsorbed Single-Layer MoS2
Authors: Neupane Hari Krishna , Adhikari Narayan Prasad
Published: June 2021

Water adsorbed in MoS2 (wad-MoS2), 1S atom vacancy defect in wad-MoS2 (1S-wad-MoS2), 2S atoms vacancy defects in wad-MoS2 (2S-wad-MoS2), and 1Mo atom vacancy defect in wad-MoS2 (Mo-wad-MoS2) materials were constructed, and their structural, electronic, and magnetic properties were studied by spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) based first-principles calculations. The wad-MoS2, 1S-wad-MoS2, 2S-wad-MoS2, and Mo-wad-MoS2 materials were found stable. From band structure calculations, wad-MoS2, 1S-wad-MoS2 and 2S-wad-MoS2 materials open energy bandgap of values 1.19 eV, 0.65 eV and 0.38 eV respectively. Also, it was found that the conductivity strength of the material increases with an increase in the concentration of S atom vacancy defects in the structure. On the other hand, the Mo-wad-MoS2 material has metallic properties because energy bands of electrons crossed the Fermi energy level in the band structure. For the investigation of magnetic properties, the density of states (DoS) and partial density of states (PDoS) calculations were used and found that wad-MoS2, 1S-wad-MoS2, and 2S-wad-MoS2 are non-magnetic materials, while Mo-wad-MoS2 is a magnetic material. The total magnetic moment of Mo-wad-MoS2 has a value of 2.66 µB/cell, due to the arrangement of unpaired up-spin and down-spin of electrons in 3s & 3p orbitals of S atoms; and 4p, 4d & 5s orbitals of Mo atoms in the material.
Bacterial Etiology of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Tertiary Care Patients and Antibiogram of the Isolates
Authors: Adhikari Sanjib , Regmi Ramesh Sharma , Pandey Siddanta , Paudel Parash , Neupane Nischal , Chalise Shyam , Dubey Ashok , Kafle Sarad Chandra , Rijal Komal Raj
Published: June 2021

Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) is a medical technique by which cells and fluids from bronchioles and lung alveoli are withdrawn for diagnosis of disease or evaluation of treatment. Patients with various pulmonary infections follow the procedure of BAL for the disease diagnosis as it has high sensitivity and reliability in diagnosis. To examine the bacterial etiology of BAL fluids among tertiary care patients with pulmonary infections, a cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of three months from August to November 2018. A total of 149 BAL fluid samples were examined and the bacterial agents were isolated and identified by conventional microbiological methods. Out of the 149 samples, 142 samples were culture positive. Among 6 different isolates (4 Gram-negative and 2 Gram-positive), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (45 %) was predominant followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.3 %). A higher infection rate was seen among males (62.4 %) and in the age group 60-70 years (30.0 %). In addition, 25.4 % (36/149) samples were positive in Acid Fast staining. Bacterial recovery from the BAL fluid was significantly associated with the gender and age of the patients (p<0.05). Gentamycin was the least resisted (1.5 %) by Gram-negative isolates followed by Polymyxin-B (3 %). For Gram-positive isolates, Ofloxacin was the most effective drug resisted by none of the isolates followed by Gentamycin. Among the 157 isolates, 125 (79.6 %) were MDR and 35.0 % of Enterobacteriaceae were ESBL producers. Detection of bacterial agents from BAL fluid can be a basis for successful antimicrobial therapy for patients with pulmonary infections.
Association of CYP27B1 Polymorphism and Vitamin D Levels with Multiple Sclerosis Development in Lebanese Population of Bekaa Region: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Braidy Sumaia , Matar Alaa , Borjac Jamilah
Published: June 2021

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Interaction between genetic and environmental factors guides the development of the disease. Among environmental factors, vitamin D deficiency is shown to increase the risk of MS development. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B (CYP27B1) gene that encodes the rate-limiting enzyme involved in vitamin D metabolism, were shown to be correlated with MS. We aimed at investigating the association of CYP27B1 gene polymorphisms and vitamin D level with MS development in a sample of Lebanese MS patients living in the Bekaa region. Enrolled MS patients and controls were age and gender matched. Genotyping was performed by sequencing the amplified CYP27B1 PCR products. Vitamin D levels were measured using a VIDAS® 25 OH Vitamin D total assay based on enzyme linked fluorescent assay (ELFA). Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. A significant association was shown between vitamin D deficiency and MS without any association between CYP27B1 studied SNPs and the disease. We confirmed that vitamin D deficiency was associated with MS with no implication of the studied SNPs of CYP27B1 gene with disease susceptibility among the Lebanese MS patients living in the Bekaa region.
Problems of financial and lending support for the agricultural sector of the economy
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Kolotukha S. N. , Melnyk E. N. , Ponomarenko O. V.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the relevant issues of determining factors and ways to intensify financial and lending support for the agricultural sector of the economy. In the wider sense, financial and lending support for agricultural enterprises is necessary for financing, growth and development of the state economy. National and foreign experiences demonstrate that the finances of agricultural enterprises have certain specific nature and require permanent crediting. Due to the length of production cycle, seasonality, nature of cost formation and supplies of agricultural enterprises, its own permanent funding source is impossible. Consequently, the attraction and usage of borrowed financial resources is the key aspect of the financial activity of the agricultural sector of the economy aimed at the achieving successful final results. The research shows that in all developed countries the agricultural sector of the economy enjoys the benefits of state support as it directly affects the country’s food safety. It is revealed that the introduced system of funding state support of the agricultural complex does not provide legally determined promotion of agricultural enterprises, their competitiveness, food safety, improvement of the level of social protection for rural population mainly due to imperfect financial system. The issues that impede development for lending to agricultural enterprises and the development of agricultural insurance have been determined which make obstacles to improve their financial security and effective risk management in the agricultural sector in order to enhance the potential of their rapid development. It has been proved that the efficiency of financial and credit arrangement of ensuring the development of the agricultural sector depends on the effective financial policy of the industry and the state as a whole which can help to combine economic interests of agricultural enterprises and the state.
Territorial community as a subject of socio-economic development of the territory
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Kholyavitska K. S.
Published: June 2021

The article defines the theoretical foundations of the study of the association of territorial communities. The basic approaches to the definition of the essence of the notion of a territorial community are analyzed, and it is determined that it is considered as the primary subject of local self-government, which directly or indirectly participates in solving local issues. It is substantiated that the united territorial community is a community that is capable of providing adequate education, culture, health, social protection, housing and communal services for its inhabitants on the basis of socio-economic development. One of the problems that needs to be solved is the problem of perception of reforms by the inhabitants of the united territories. The results of the reform of local self-government on the basis of decentralization prove the correctness of the chosen vector of state policy, as it gave impetus to the formation of a viable and closest to the citizen institution of power — local self-government. Due to the reform, the living standards of the population and the development of cities, towns and villages are projected to increase, as the main task is the economic growth of united territorial communities. It is established that in order to improve the effectiveness of the reform of local self-government, it is necessary to ensure: revision and formation of a long-term plan for the association of territorial communities with maximum consideration of geographical, cultural, ethnic and other specifics of communities; information and explanatory support of the process of association of territorial communities; conducting training seminars for local government officials and the public on various aspects of reform.
Information technology development on the Ukrainian insurance market
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Rolinskyi O. V. , Huzar B. S. , Ulianych Y. V. , Ponomarenko O. V.
Published: June 2021

In the context of virtualization of economic relations, the entities of the insurance market cannot avoid these processes, so in order to improve the quality and availability of insurance services it is necessary to extend information technology in insurance business. The main motivation for the introduction of information technology by insurance companies is the need to reduce costs, expand the area of activities, ensure the diversification of risks. It is equally important the simplicity and comfort of buying an insurance product online. The insurance market of Ukraine is at the phase of development and formation, having a number of challenges and uncertainties. Therefore, its further information and technological development must obtain priority in the economic and social aspects of state policy, taking into account its European integration guidelines. The article considers the importance of modern information technologies in the operation of insurance companies in Ukraine. The range of modern software products and information technologies, which are widespread in use in the insurance market of Ukraine, is studied. The key components of information technologies of insurance companies are considered. The concept of Insuretech funding is substantiated and researched. The problems of information technology development on the Ukrainian insurance market are analyzed and the ways of its improvement are offered. For the further development of Internet insurance the improving of legislative framework on this point is essential; it is necessary that the websites of insurance companies contain sufficient amount of information content and a number of opportunities are provided for clients: obtaining truthful information about the activities of the insurance company and its services; calculation of the cost of the insurance policy using an online calculator; filling out an application for insurance; in the case of the event covered by the insurance, remote payment of the insurance policy and insurance payments; delivering to the policyholder of the insurance policy, which would be confirmed by an digital signature; online communication with the client at all stages of sales and administration of insurance policies.
INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF UKRAINIAN AGRARIAN SECTOR
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Bondarenko N. V. , Vlasiuk S. A. , Derkach T. A.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the problems of investment attractiveness of the agricultural sector in Ukraine. It is defined that engaging investment in agricultural sector is based on a wide range of aspects that go beyond agricultural policy, in particular macroeconomic policy. Such coherent policy is an essential part of a beneficial investment climate for both native and foreign investors. The definition of investment attractiveness has been determined that is one of the most relevant and frequently used in economy today. It was found that for UAH1 of capital investment for the manufacturing of food and tobacco products in January-March 2019, UAH 3, 38 was accounted for agricultural sector. Rating of investment attractiveness of agrarian branches is stated. It is outlined that Kyiv and Kyiv region agro-industrial complex is ranked the first position as well as the second, third and fourth positions are shared by Zaporizhia, Dnipropetrovsk and Poltava regions. . It should be noted that over 10 years the share of investments in financial and insurance activities has significantly decreased. The foreign and native experience has been studied, and an effective transformation of the agrarian sector of economy has been established that is based on the intensification of investment activities and a significant increase in the levels of investment. It has been determined that during the period of constrained investment resources at the state level, the investment attractiveness of the region is the key requirement through which the investment strategy and investment policy of enterprises and the state as a whole are formed. Consequently, the issue of increasing relevance becomes the investment activity of individual regions and identifying promising ways to attract resources. It was determined that nowadays the priority area for investment in agriculture should be updating and modernization of agricultural equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out technical re-equipment and reconstruction of livestock farms and complexes, to update the vehicles with high-quality, modern machines of the new generation. It is necessary to create a comprehensive strategy for increasing the investment attractiveness of Ukraine, which includes a number of aspects in the context of support and development of both the current comparative advantages of the economic system and the prospective ones, correspond to the development trends of the global economy and provide the foundations of Ukraine's economic safety. It is proposed that the first step in restoring investment attractiveness is the adoption of the law on state support for investment projects with substantial investments.