bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of Rb2Mn3O4.
Authors: Nuss Juergen , Jansen Martin
Published: February 2013

Rb2Mn3O4 is synthesized by the azide/nitrate route from a stoichiometric mixture of RbN3, RbNO3, and MnO (773 K, 30 h) and by solid state reaction of Rb2O and MnO (773 K, 130 h).
ChemInform Abstract: CsCoO2 Featuring a Novel Polyoxocobaltate(III) Anion Based on a Two‐Dimensional Architecture of Interconnected Tetrahedra.
Authors: Ali Naveed Zafar , Nuss Juergen , Kremer Reinhard K. , Jansen Martin
Published: February 2013

The title compound is synthesized by the azide/nitrate route from CsN3, CsNO3, and Co3O4 (Ar flow, 833 K, 60 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Baeyer—Villiger Oxidation and Oxidative Cascade Reactions with Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Lipophilic Li[B(C6F5)4] and Ca[B(C6F5)4]2.
Authors: Uyanik Muhammet , Nakashima Daisuke , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: February 2013

Two lipophilic catalysts are used for the title reactions of a variety of cycloalkanones to give lactones in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Hydroxylation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by Polymer‐Incarcerated Gold Nanoclusters with Molecular Oxygen.
Authors: Miyamura Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Shu
Published: February 2013

α‐Hydroxylation of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds is successfully catalyzed by carbon‐stabilized polymer‐incarcerated gold nanoclusters.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Amination of Aldehydes Catalyzed by in situ Generated Hypoiodite.
Authors: Tian Jie‐Sheng , Ng Kang Wai Jeffrey , Wong Jiun‐Ru , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: February 2013

The metal‐free amination of aldehydes with secondary amines in the presence of methanol is catalyzed by hypoiodite, which is generated in situ from iodine and sodium percarbonate as the co‐oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed N‐Alkylation of Azoles via Cleavage of an sp3 C—H Bond Adjacent to a Nitrogen Atom.
Authors: Xia Qinqin , Chen Wanzhi
Published: February 2013

The title reaction provides a new and inexpensive method to prepare a number of heteroaromatic N‐methylamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Enamides by Pd‐Catalyzed Hydroamidation of Electron‐Deficient Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Panda Niranjan , Mothkuri Raghavender
Published: February 2013

Treatment of electron‐deficient alkynes with primary amides, carbamates, and urea is found to result in mild, efficient, and stereoselective formation of (Z)‐enamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium‐Promoted Reformatsky Reaction: A Straightforward Access to β‐Amino and β‐Hydroxy α,α‐Difluoro Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Poisson Thomas , Belhomme Maria‐Charlotte , Pannecoucke Xavier
Published: February 2013

The reaction of ortho‐hydroxyphenones allows formation of fluorinated lactones such as (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Hydrogenation of (Z)‐ and (E)‐β‐Arylenamides Catalyzed by Rhodium Complexes of Monodentate Chiral Spiro Phosphorous Ligands: A New Access to Chiral β‐Arylisopropylamines.
Authors: Zhu Shou‐Fei , Liu Tao , Yang Shuang , Song Song , Zhou Qi‐Lin
Published: February 2013

The reaction is carried out in the presence of phosphine PHL‐1 and phosphite PHL‐2 to produce both enantiomers of the desired amines, building blocks of natural products, form either (E)‐ or (Z)‐substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Application of Proline Based Organocatalyst for Highly Enantioselective Aldol Reaction by Hydrogen Bonding.
Authors: Thorat Prashant B. , Goswami Santosh V. , Khade Bhimrao C. , Bhusare Sudhakar R.
Published: February 2013

PTF is found to be the catalyst of choice for the direct asymmetric aldol reaction of cyclohexanone with aromatic aldehydes to yield the adducts with (nearly) complete diastereoselectivity and good enantioselectivity under optimized conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Approach to the Synthesis of Aliphatic and Aromatic α‐Keto Acids.
Authors: Balducci Daniele , Conway Philip A. , Sapuppo Giulia , Mueller‐Bunz Helge , Paradisi Francesca
Published: February 2013

1,4‐Diacetylpiperazine‐2,5‐dione is used in the reaction with the aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes to afford the aldol intermediates with complete (Z)‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of 2‐Aryl/Alkylbenzofurans by Visible Light Stimulated Intermolecular Sonogashira Coupling and Cyclization Reaction in Water.
Authors: Ghosh Somnath , Das Jhantu , Saikh Forid
Published: February 2013

A photolytic tandem Sonogashira/5‐endo‐dig cyclization of ortho‐halogenated phenols with terminal alkynes is developed giving moderate yields of title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling and Tandem C—H Arylation/Decarboxylation for the Synthesis of Heteroaromatic Biaryls.
Authors: Nandi Debkumar , Jhou Yang‐Ming , Lee Jhen‐Yi , Kuo Bing‐Chiuan , Liu Chien‐Yu , Huang Pei‐Wen , Lee Hon Man
Published: February 2013

In the presence of carbene complex PAL, the acids (I) and (IV) undergo decarboxylative coupling with aryl bromides as a new and regioselective access to heteroaromatic biaryls like (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization/C—H Functionalization of Alkynes for the Synthesis of Functionalized Indoles.
Authors: Xia Xiao‐Feng , Wang Ning , Zhang Lu‐Lu , Song Xian‐Rong , Liu Xue‐Yuan , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: February 2013

The Pd‐catalyzed reaction of aminoalkynes of type (I), (VII), and (X) with internal alkynes provides a new approach to polycyclic indoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Reactions, and Rearrangements of 2,4‐Diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan‐3‐ones.
Authors: Quast Helmut , Stawitz Josef Walter , Mueller Bodo
Published: February 2013

Copper‐mediated cyclopropanation of dihydroimidazolones (I) using diazomethane (II) and methyl diazoacetate (VI) provides access to diazabicyclohexanones (IIIa), (IIIb), (VII), and (XI) and the first diaza[4.3.1]propellane (IIIc).
ChemInform Abstract: 2,5‐Dihydro‐1,3‐thiazoles as Scaffolds in the Synthesis of O,N‐Diacyl O,N‐Acetals in a One‐Pot Reaction.
Authors: Stalling Timo , Brockmeyer Fabian , Kroeger Denis , Schwaeblein Almuth , Martens Juergen
Published: February 2013

Several dihydrothiazoles (III) are obtained by the Asinger reaction and converted into novel diacyl acetals by acylation with acyl chloride (IV) followed by reaction with sodium carboxylates (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New 2‐(Benzylsulfonylethylsulfonylmethyl)oxazolines and Thiazolines.
Authors: Padmavathi V. , Premakumari C. , Venkatesh B. C. , Prakash T. Bhanu , Padmaja A.
Published: February 2013

Alternative routes for the synthesis of the title compounds (IV) and (VI) are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis and Quantitative Structure—Activity Relationship Study of Antitumor Active 2‐(4‐Oxo‐thiazolidin‐2‐ylidene)‐3‐oxo‐propionitriles.
Authors: Hanna Mona Maurice , George Riham Francois
Published: February 2013

Most of the synthesized compounds exhibit promising antitumor properties against colon HCT116 and breast T47D cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Derivatives of Marine Bromopyrrole Alkaloids as Antimicrobial Agent.
Authors: Rane Rajesh A. , Gutte Shweta D. , Sahu Niteshkumar U.
Published: February 2013

Several analogues of marine bromopyrrole alkaloids are designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal, and antitubercular activities.
ChemInform Abstract: A Green Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 2‐Aryl‐5‐(coumarin‐3‐yl)‐thiazolo[3,2‐b][1,2,4]triazoles.
Authors: Jakhar Komal , Makrandi J. K.
Published: February 2013

All new triazoles (IV) show moderate to strong activities against gram‐negative bacteria, whereas only compounds (IVa)—(IVc), (IVe) exhibit moderate activities against gram‐positive bacteria.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Heteroaromatics with Functionalized Bromopyridines.
Authors: Bensaid Souhila , Doucet Henri
Published: February 2013

Electron‐withdrawing substituents at the pyridyl moiety favor the process.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Highly Selective Approach for the Construction of Novel Dispiro Heterocycles in Guanidine‐Based Task‐Specific [TMG][Ac] Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Dandia Anshu , Jain Anuj K. , Sharma Sonam
Published: February 2013

The three‐component reaction affords spirocyclic products (IV) with high chemo‐, regio‐ and stereoselectivity in tetramethylguanidine acetate as optimal solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Selective Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyridones by the Reaction of Enaminones with Alkynes.
Authors: Shao Yushang , Yao Wenjun , Liu Jun , Zhu Kai , Li Yanzhong
Published: February 2013

An efficient copper‐catalyzed cyclocondensation of enaminones with acetylenedicarboxylates is described, allowing the synthesis of a range functionalized pyridones.
ChemInform Abstract: Combined Thiourea Dioxide—Water: An Effective Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Polyhydroquinolines via Hantzsch Multicomponent Coupling.
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Verma Sanny , Jain Suman L.
Published: February 2013

Thiourea dioxide is found to be an efficient and reusable catalyst for the Hantzsch‐type synthesis of dihydropyridines (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Cationic Ruthenium Catalysts for Alkyne Annulations with Oximes by C—H/N—O Functionalizations.
Authors: Kornhaass Christoph , Li Jie , Ackermann Lutz
Published: February 2013

Ru2Cl4(p‐cymene)2 and KPF6 efficiently promote coupling of aromatic oximes with alkynes giving a number of isoquinolines in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Chlorotrimethylsilane in Pictet—Spengler Reaction.
Authors: Ryabukhin Sergey V. , Panov Dmitriy M. , Plaskon Andrey S. , Tolmachev Andrey A. , Smaliy Radomyr V.
Published: February 2013

A variety of tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines and their analogues is readily prepared by chlorotrimethylsilane‐promoted Pictet—Spengler reaction (33 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines.
Authors: Marjani A Poursattar , Khalafy J. , Prager R. H.
Published: February 2013

The title compounds (IV) are obtained in the reaction of arylaminoisoxazolones (II) and 2,3‐dichloroquinoxaline (I) followed by rearrangement of the N‐quinoxalinylisoxazoles (III) formed under mild base‐catalyzed conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 2,6,9‐Triazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes Through Amine‐Mediated Formal [4 + 4] Reaction of Unsaturated Imines.
Authors: Tanaka Katsunori , Siwu Eric R. O. , Hirosaki Shinji , Iwata Takayuki , Matsumoto Risa , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Pradipta Ambara R. , Okumura Mitsutaka , Fukase Koichi
Published: February 2013

Bicyclic bases (III) are formed in quantitative yield from allylamine and benzylic analogues under very mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemo‐ and Regioselective 4CR Synthesis of Oxathiaaza[3.3.3]propellanes via Sequential C—S, C—N and C—O Bond Formation in a Single Pot.
Authors: Rezvanian Atieh , Alizadeh Abdolali , Zhu Long‐Guan
Published: February 2013

The one‐pot four component reaction for the synthesis of the title propellanes (V) involves the initial formation of a Knoevenagel adduct which reacts with unsymmetrical thioureas, generated in situ.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Syntheses of Novel 1‐Isothiocyano‐alkylphosphonate Diphenyl Ester Derivatives with Potential Biological Activity.
Authors: Psurski Mateusz , Pigula Marta , Ciekot Jaroslaw , Winiarski Lukasz , Wietrzyk Joanna , Oleksyszyn Jozef
Published: February 2013

A novel one‐pot method is developed to synthesize isothiocyanates of type (IV) (10 examples), where the resulting primary adducts are cleaved at the carbamate moiety by acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Retro‐Aldol Reactions in Micellar Media.
Authors: Vashchenko Elena V. , Knyazeva Irina V. , Krivoshey Alexander I. , Vashchenko Valerii V.
Published: February 2013

Carrying out the retro‐aldol reaction under acidic conditions in the micellar medium of the cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride enables to obtain the optically pure (3R)‐methylcyclohexanone within a short reaction time in high yields and purity.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Synthesis of Methyl Protodioscin. Part 2. A Direct E‐Ring Opening by BF3—Et2O/Ac2O from Dioscin Ester.
Authors: Wang Bo , Liu Yang , Liu Xin , Cheng Mao‐sheng
Published: February 2013

The direct E‐ring opening in diosgenin‐derived glycoside derivative (I) by the system acetic anhydride/boron trifluoride etherate is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenylalanine Derivatives as GPR142 Agonists for the Treatment of Type II Diabetes.
Authors: Du Xiaohui , et al. et al.
Published: February 2013

Optimization of GPR142 agonists possessing a pyridone‐phenylalanine scaffold leads to the discovery of the proof‐of‐concept compound (I) which reveals in vivo efficacy with dose‐dependent increase in insulin secretion and a decrease in glucose levels.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Crown Ether Fused Quinazoline Analogues as Potent EGFR Inhibitors.
Authors: Hu Shaojing , et al. et al.
Published: February 2013

The title analogues are obtained in two steps from (dimethoxyquinazolinyl)phenyl‐amines by treatment with boron tribromide and subsequent ring formation with α,ω‐dihalogen or α,ω‐tosylates.
ChemInform Abstract: π‐Acid Mediated Insertion of Alkynes into Carbon—Heteroatom σ‐Bonds
Authors: Adcock Holly V. , Davies Paul W.
Published: February 2013

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Monodisperse Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts: Synthesis, Characterizations, and Molecular Studies under Reaction Conditions
Authors: Pushkarev Vladimir V. , Zhu Zhongwei , An Kwangjin , Hervier Antoine , Somorjai Gabor A.
Published: February 2013

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Aromatic Heterocycles from Propargylic Compounds
Authors: Wen Jia‐Jie , Zhu Yu , Zhan Zhuang‐Ping
Published: February 2013

Review: 135 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Small Molecule Control of Bacterial Biofilms
Authors: Worthington Roberta J. , Richards Justin J. , Melander Christian
Published: February 2013

Review: 164 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Navigating the Fungal Polyketide Chemical Space: From Genes to Molecules
Authors: Chooi Yit‐Heng , Tang Yi
Published: February 2013

Review: 176 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Biology of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchors
Authors: Tsai Yu‐Hsuan , Liu Xinyu , Seeberger Peter H.
Published: February 2013

Review: ca. 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Indolocarbazole‐Based Anion Receptors and Molecular Switches
Authors: Suk Jae‐Min , Chae Min Kyung , Jeong Kyu‐Sung
Published: February 2013

Review: 45 refs.
The coating of smart pH‐responsive polyelectrolyte brushes in capillary and its application in CE
Authors: Liu Jing‐Xin , Zhao Ming‐Zhe , Deng Yan , Tie Cai , Chen Hong‐Xu , Zhou Ying‐Lin , Zhang Xin‐Xiang
Published: February 2013

A novel pH‐responsive coating technique was developed and applied to CE successfully in this paper. The coating was formed by bonding mixed opposite charge poly(acrylic acid) and poly(2‐vinylpyridine) randomly onto the inner wall of a silica capillary. The coating processes were first characterized by ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy at macroscale and microscale, respectively. Measurements of EOF were implemented to confirm the coating. Direction and velocity of EOF became controllable from negative to positive, showing a perfect sigmoidal curve as the coating net charges alternated by the pH of BGE. The control of the EOF makes it possible to analyze different kinds of small molecules, peptides, and proteins successfully in the same capillary. Results showed that the stability and reproducibility for separations of fluoroquinolone standards were satisfactory for more than a hundred separations. A series of basic and acidic protein standards were separated with admirable efficiency and minimal adsorption using both polarities. The separation of tryptic BSA digest showed that the prepared capillary has immense potential in analyzing a single sample with both acidic and basic separations, which achieved the expectation in proteomics study by CE‐MS.
Cysteine‐capped gold nanoparticles suppress aggregation of proteins exposed to heat stress
Authors: Luthuli Sifiso D. , Chili Muntuwenkosi M. , Revaprasadu Neerish , Shonhai Addmore
Published: February 2013

Gold nanoparticles show a lot of promise as potential agents for drug delivery and disease diagnosis. Because of this, it is important that the interaction between gold nanoparticles and biomolecules be well characterized to avoid undesirable consequences. In this study, gold nanoparticles were synthesized by the reduction of gold salt by sodium borohydride in the presence of cysteine as the capping agent. The physical features of the nanoparticles were analyzed using Ultraviolet–Visible spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy. The interaction between gold nanoparticles and the following proteins: bovine serum albumin, citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, and human heat shock protein 70 was investigated by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The stability of the proteins against heat stress was assessed by monitoring their aggregation at 48 °C, either in the presence or absence of gold nanoparticles. The gold nanoparticles were capable of suppressing the heat‐induced aggregation of the proteins. Furthermore, apart from possessing independent protein‐aggregation suppression function, the AuNPs also augmented the chaperone function of human heat shock protein 70. Findings from this study demonstrate that cyteine‐coated gold nanoparticles exhibit chaperone‐like activity and have the capability to stabilize proteins to which they may be conjugated. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(5):454–461, 2013.
Outcomes After Hepatic and Pulmonary Metastasectomies Compared With Pulmonary Metastasectomy Alone in Patients With Colorectal Cancer Metastasis to Liver and Lungs
Authors: Hattori Norifumi , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Komori Koji , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Sano Tsuyoshi , Senda Yoshiki , Mitsudomi Tetsuya , Fukui Takayuki
Published: February 2013

Background

Surgical resection is the most effective treatment for colorectal cancer that has metastasized to the liver. Similarly, surgical resection improves survival for selected patients with pulmonary colorectal metastases. However, the indication for pulmonary metastasectomy is not clear in patients with both hepatic and pulmonary colorectal metastases. Therefore, we evaluated outcomes after pulmonary resection of colorectal metastases in patients with or without a history of curative hepatic metastasectomy.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 96 patients who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy from March 1999 to November 2009. Patients were grouped according to treatment: resection of pulmonary metastases alone (lung metastasectomy group) or resection of both hepatic and pulmonary metastases (liver and lung metastasectomy group). Overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Survival curves were compared using the log‐rank test.

Results

The 5‐year OS for all patients was 61.3 %, and the 5‐year DFS was 26.7 %. Group comparisons showed that the 5‐year OS of the lung metastasectomy group was significantly better than that of the liver and lung metastasectomy group (69 vs. 43 %; p = 0.030). However, the 5‐year DFS rates of the lung metastasectomy group (25.8 %) and liver and lung metastasectomy group (28.0 %) did not differ significantly. Recurrence was higher after resection of both hepatic and pulmonary metastases than after pulmonary metastases alone (79 vs. 45 %; p = 0.025).

Conclusions

Resection of pulmonary colorectal metastases may increase survival. However, the combination of liver and lung metastasectomies had a worse prognosis than pulmonary metastasectomy alone. In selected patients, combined liver and lung metastasectomy can be beneficial and result in acceptable DFS.
Scanning tomographic particle image velocimetry applied to a turbulent jet
Authors: Casey T. A. , Sakakibara J. , Thoroddsen S. T.
Published: February 2013

We introduce a modified tomographic PIV technique using four high-speed video cameras and a scanning pulsed laser-volume. By rapidly illuminating adjacent subvolumes onto separate video frames, we can resolve a larger total volume of velocity vectors, while retaining good spatial resolution. We demonstrate this technique by performing time-resolved measurements of the turbulent structure of a round jet, using up to 9 adjacent volume slices. In essence this technique resolves more velocity planes in the depth direction by maintaining optimal particle image density and limiting the number of ghost particles. The total measurement volumes contain between 1 ×106 and 3 ×106 velocity vectors calculated from up to 1500 reconstructed depthwise image planes, showing time-resolved evolution of the large-scale vortical structures for a turbulent jet of Re up to 10 000.
On the integrable elliptic cylindrical Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation
Authors: Khusnutdinova K. R. , Klein C. , Matveev V. B. , Smirnov A. O.
Published: February 2013

There exist two versions of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation, related to the Cartesian and cylindrical geometries of the waves. In this paper, we derive and study a new version, related to the elliptic cylindrical geometry. The derivation is given in the context of surface waves, but the derived equation is a universal integrable model applicable to generic weakly nonlinear weakly dispersive waves. We also show that there exist nontrivial transformations between all three versions of the KP equation associated with the physical problem formulation, and use them to obtain new classes of approximate solutions for water waves.
Silver nano-entities through ultrafast double ablation in aqueous media for surface enhanced Raman scattering and photonics applications
Authors: Krishna Podagatlapalli G. , Hamad Syed , Tewari Surya P. , Sreedhar S. , Prasad Muvva D. , Venugopal Rao S.
Published: February 2013

We have fabricated stable silver nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructures (NSs) effectively through double ablation of bulk silver substrate immersed in double distilled water using ∼2 ps laser pulses. The effects of multiple/double/single ablation on silver substrates via surface morphology studies along with average size distribution of Ag NPs were investigated. Prepared Ag NPs in solution exhibited yellow color with an absorption peak near 410 nm, assigned to localized surface Plasmon resonance of nano-sized silver. Depending on the ablation parameters average sizes observed were ∼13 nm/∼17 nm in multiple/double ablation case and ∼7 nm in single ablation case. High resolution transmission electron microscope studies highlighted that most of the Ag NPs were spherical and polycrystalline in nature. Surface morphology of the substrates was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. A different scenario was observed in the double ablation case compared to single/multiple ablation case. Double ablation resulted in dome like NSs on the substrate with dimensions of few hundreds of nanometers while single ablation did not. Nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of Ag NPs were investigated using Z-scan technique with ∼2 ps pulses and corresponding NLO coefficients were obtained. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) studies on multiple/double ablated Ag substrates with adsorbed Rhodamine 6G molecules were carried out using excitation wavelengths of 532 nm, 785 nm, and three orders of enhancement in Raman signal intensity was observed. Furthermore, influence of laser fluence on the fabrication of SERS active Ag substrates with double ablation was also investigated. In this case, Raman spectra of adsorbed Research Department eXplosive (RDX) molecules on ablated surfaces were recorded for 532 nm and 785 nm excitation. Enhancements up to 460 were observed from substrates fabricated at fluences of 12 J/cm2, 16 J/cm2 with excitation wavelengths of 532 nm and 785 nm, respectively.
DNA barcoding of freshwater Rotifera in Mexico: Evidence of cryptic speciation in common rotifers
Authors: García‐Morales A. E. , Elías‐Gutiérrez M.
Published: February 2013

DNA barcodes are useful tools to identify and discover new species in a wide range of taxa. Here, we report the first barcode study of monogonont rotifers from fresh and brackish waters in Mexico, and discuss the taxonomic implications of this work. We used DNA barcodes based on the sequence of cytochrome oxidase I to examine patterns of divergence among 417 specimens that represented 63 morphological taxa of rotifers. The mean sequence divergence among conspecific rotifer individuals was 0.75%, whereas the mean sequence divergence among congeneric taxa was 20.8%. The barcodes could discriminate between all the morphospecies identified. Moreover, the barcoding data revealed the presence of possible cryptic species in Ascomorpha ovalis, Lecane bulla, L. cornuta, L. curvicornis, L. crepida, L. lunaris, L. hastata, Platyias quadricornis, Keratella cochlearis, Brachionus calyciflorus and Testudinella patina, as well as in some forms and varieties such as B. quadridentatus f. brevispinus, B. quadridentatus f. cluniorbicularis and Mytilina ventralis var. macracantha. Barcode analysis also enabled some forms and varieties of common species to be identified as separate species. The results obtained support recent taxonomic revisions, such as the recognition of the genus Plationus, and the presence of cryptic speciation in L. bulla. This work shows that DNA barcoding identifies species effectively, can aid taxonomists by identifying cryptic species, and is an important tool for resolving taxonomic controversies.
Taxonomy, Zonation and Correlation of the Graptolite Fauna across the Lower/Middle Ordovician Boundary Interval in the Yangtze Gorges Area, South China
Authors: Chuanshang WANG , Xiaofeng WANG , Xiaohong CHEN , Zhihong LI
Published: February 2013

The graptolite fauna across the Lower and Middle Ordovician boundary at the Huanghuachang GSSP section, Yichang and the Jianyangping section, Xingshan County is described. The taxonomy of the pendent didymograptids, the graptolite zonations across the base of Middle Ordovician and their correlations are discussed in this paper. The two revised graptolite zones, the Didymograptellus bifidus Zone and the Azygograptus suecicus Zone, can be well correlated to their equivalents elsewhere in the world.
Effect of Uncertainty of the Pre‐Exponential Factor on Kinetic Parameters of Hydrocarbon Generation from Organic Matter and its Geological Applications
Authors: Min WANG , Shuangfang LU , Haitao XUE , Zhanqing YU
Published: February 2013

The source rock sample of the Shahejie Formation (upper Es4) in Jiyang Sag was pyrolyzed under open system with the Rock‐Eval‐II apparatus, and then kinetic model parameters were calibrated for investigating the effect of uncertainty of pro‐exponential factors on kinetic parameters and geological applications, where the parallel first‐order reaction rate model with an average pre‐exponential factor and discrete distribution activity energies was used. The results indicate that when the pre‐exponential factor changes from low to high, an extreme value for residual errors occurs. And with the increasing pre‐exponential factor, the distribution shape of activation energies are nearly the same, but the values of activation energies move higher integrally, and the average activation energy increases about 12 kJ/mol for every 10‐fold of the pre‐exponential factors. Extrapolating the geological heating rate of 3.3 °C/Ma, the results show that with the increases in pre‐exponential factor, the geological temperature corresponding to TR0.5 (transforming ratio of hydrocarbon generation is 50%) increases gradually, and the additional temperature gradually decreases. Combined with geochemical data of source rock, the kinetic parameters with different pre‐exponential factors are used to calculate the transformation ratio of hydrocarbon generation, and the result indicates that kinetic parameters corresponding to the better optimized pre‐exponential factor are more suitable. It is suggested that the risk assessment of hydrocarbon generation kinetic parameters should be enhanced when using the kinetic method to appraise the oil‐gas resources. Meantime, the application result of different kinetic parameters should be verified with geological and geochemical data of source rock in the target area; therefore, the most suitable kinetic parameters for target can be obtained.
Late‐onset Leber hereditary optic neuropathy
Authors: Pfeiffer Margaret L , Hashemi Nafiseh , Foroozan Rod , Lee Andrew G
Published: February 2013

Background

While Leber hereditary optic neuropathy typically causes bilateral visual loss in the second through fourth decades, we highlight visual loss from Leber hereditary optic neuropathy in older patients to characterize the clinical features of this cohort.

Design

Retrospective case series.

Participants

Patients seen between January 2003 and July 2012 at Baylor College of Medicine and between April 2010 and July 2012 at The Methodist Hospital in Houston, Texas.

Methods

Patients with visual loss from genetically confirmed Leber hereditary optic neuropathy were identified via retrospective chart review.

Main Outcome Measures

Clinical courses of patients.

Results

Five patients with visual loss from genetically confirmed Leber hereditary optic neuropathy were greater than 60 years of age at the time of visual loss (range 62–70 years, mean 66.4 ± 3.0).

Conclusion

This series reinforces the importance of including Leber hereditary optic neuropathy in the differential diagnosis of patients of any age with optic neuropathy.
A genome‐wide association study of recipient genotype and medium‐term kidney allograft function
Authors: O'Brien Robert P. , Phelan Paul J. , Conroy Judith , O'Kelly Patrick , Green Andrew , Keogan Mary , O'Neill Derek , Jennings Susan , Traynor Carol , Casey Jillian , McCormack Mark , Conroy Ronan , Chubb Anthony , Ennis Sean , Shields Denis C. , Cavalleri Gianpiero L. , Conlon Peter J.
Published: February 2013

Background

We examined, through genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), the correlation between recipient genetic variation and renal function at five yr.

Methods

Our cohort contained 326 Irish, first time, kidney‐only, deceased donor, transplant recipients on calcineurin inhibitors (263 had a functioning graft at five yr) between 1993 and 2002. Outcomes were creatinine at five yr and long‐term graft function.

Results

Two variants were identified showing borderline genome‐wide significance – one on chromosome 18 (p = 4.048e‐08, rs6565887) and another on chromosome 14 (p = 7.631e‐08, rs3811321). Individually, the two SNPs explained up to 8.8% and 11.29% of five‐yr creatinine variance, respectively, while together they explained up to 17.4% of trait variance. Both variants were predictors of long‐term allograft function (p = 0.004, 70% vs 30% survival at 10 yr). The chromosome 14 variant is located in the intergenic region of the T‐Cell Receptor Alpha locus.

Conclusions

Using a genome‐wide approach, we have identified two associations with five‐yr creatinine levels in renal transplant recipients treated with calcineurin inhibitors. Independent replication is now warranted to clarify the clinical significance of these results.
Early Echocardiographic Changes After Percutaneous Implantation of the Edwards SAPIEN Transcatheter Heart Valve in the Pulmonary Position
Authors: Chowdhury Shahryar M. , Hijazi Ziyad M. , Rhodes John , Kar Saibal , Makkar Raj , Mullen Michael , Cao Qi‐Ling , King Lydia , Akin Jodi , Shirali Girish
Published: February 2013

Objectives

To evaluate echocardiographic changes after SAPIEN valve implantation in the pulmonary position.

Background

The feasibility of the SAPIEN transcatheter pulmonary valve (TPV) has recently been demonstrated. We evaluated changes in pulmonary valve function and the right ventricle after SAPIEN TPV placement.

Methods

We evaluated echocardiograms at baseline, discharge, 1 and 6 months after TPV placement in 33 patients from 4 centers. Pulmonary insufficiency severity was graded 0–4. TPV peak and mean gradients were measured. Right ventricular (RV) size and function were quantified using routine measures derived from color, spectral, and tissue Doppler indices and two‐dimensional echocardiography.

Results

At baseline, 94% patients demonstrated pulmonary insufficiency grade 2–4. This decreased to 12% patients at 6 months (P < 0.01). TPV peak (P < 0.01) and mean gradient (P < 0.01) decreased. RV end‐diastolic area indexed to body surface area (BSA) (P < 0.01), Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) gradient (P < 0.01), and the ratio of TR jet area to BSA (P < 0.01) decreased. Tricuspid inflow peak E:A, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI): septal E' and A', TDI: tricuspid A' improved between baseline and discharge, but trended back to baseline by 6‐month follow‐up. Tricuspid valve annulus z‐score, RV area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), RV dP/dt, tricuspid E:E', and TDI: tricuspid annulus E' showed no change.

Conclusion

Improvements in pulmonary insufficiency and stenosis, RV size, and TR gradient and severity are seen after SAPIEN TPV placement. Selected indices of RV diastolic function improve immediately after TPV implantation, but return to baseline by 6 months. RV systolic function is unchanged.
No change in viral set point or CD4 cell decline among antiretroviral treatment‐naïve, HIV‐1‐infected individuals enrolled in the Danish HIV Cohort Study in 1995–2010
Authors: Helleberg M , Kronborg G , Larsen CS , Pedersen G , Pedersen C , Obel N , Gerstoft J
Published: February 2013

Objectives

Recent studies have reported faster progression of HIV infection than anticipated based on results from earlier studies. The aim of the present study was to examine if the virulence of HIV‐1 infection changed in the period 1995–2010 among chronically HIV‐infected individuals in Denmark.

Methods

We included all patients registered in the Danish HIV Cohort Study, who were diagnosed in 1995–2009, had a CD4 count > 100 cells/μL at diagnosis and had at least two CD4 measurements prior to initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Changes in viral set point and rate of CD4 cell decline from enrolment until the initiation of ART by calendar year of HIV diagnosis were analysed. Time to first CD4 count < 350 cells/μL was compared among patients diagnosed in 1995–2000, 2001–2005 and 2006–2010.

Results

We followed 1469 HIV‐infected patients for a total of 5783 person‐years. The median viral set point was 4.27 log10 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL [interquartile range (IQR) 3.58–4.73 log10 copies/mL]. The median CD4 cell decline per year was 57 cells/μL (IQR 10–139 cells/μL). In analyses adjusted for age, gender, origin, route of transmission and CD4 count at diagnosis, there were no associations between year of diagnosis and viral set point or CD4 cell decline. Time to first CD4 count < 350 cells/μL did not change in the study period [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.90 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76–1.06) for 2001–2005 and 1.09 (95% CI 0.79–1.34) for 2006–2010 compared with 1995–2000].

Conclusions

We found no evidence of changing trends in viral set point, CD4 cell decline or time to CD4 count < 350 cells/μL during the period 1995–2010 in a cohort of chronically HIV‐infected individuals.
Retrospective study of the effect of enhanced systematic sexually transmitted infection screening, facilitated by the use of electronic patient records, in an HIV‐infected cohort
Authors: Brook G , McSorley J , Shaw A
Published: February 2013

Objectives

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of electronic checklists in enhancing sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening in routine HIV care.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study. In two HIV clinics, new STIs were recorded for three consecutive 12‐month periods between 2009 and 2012 in a cohort of 882 HIV‐infected patients. These three years coincided with the introduction of enhanced STI screening based on prompts within the electronic patient record (EPR) system.

Results

The number of diagnoses and the incidence of STIs more than doubled between 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 in both men who have sex with men (MSM) [from 18 of 115 (15%) to 42 of 132 (32%), a rise in STI incidence from 15.6 to 31.8/100 person‐years; P < 0.001] and heterosexual patients [from six of 716 (0.8%) to 19 of 749 (2.5%), a rise in STI incidence from 0.8 to 2.5/100 person‐years; P < 0.005]. The rise was significant in MSM for infections with chlamydia [from seven of 115 (6%) to 14 of 132 (11%), a rise in incidence from 6.0 to 10.6/100 person‐years; P < 0.05], gonorrhoea [from five of 115 (4%) to 12 of 132 (9%), a rise in STI incidence from 4.3 to 9.1/100 person‐years; P < 0.05] and early syphilis [from four of 115 (3%) to 13 of 132 (10%), a rise in incidence from 3.5 to 9.8/100 person‐years; P < 0.001], but not for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) infections. The rise was significant in heterosexual patients for infection with chlamydia [from four of 716 (0.6%) to 13 of 749 (1.7%), a rise in incidence from 0.6 to 1.7/100 person‐years; P < 0.0001] but not for gonorrhoea, syphilis or Trichomonas vaginalis (TV).

Conclusions

These data show that implementing systematic, frequent and routine STI screening led to a large increase in detected STIs in this HIV‐infected cohort. This process is greatly enhanced by the use EPRs.
Footwear contact dermatitis from dimethyl fumarate
Authors: Švecová Danka , Šimaljakova Maria , Doležalová Anna
Published: February 2013

Background  Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an effective inhibitor of mold growth. In very low concentrations, DMF is a potent sensitizer that can cause severe allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). It has been identified as the agent responsible for furniture contact dermatitis in Europe. The aim of this study was to evaluate patients in Slovakia with footwear ACD associated with DMF, with regard to clinical manifestations, patch test results, and results of chemical analysis of their footwear.

Methods  Nine patients with suspected footwear contact dermatitis underwent patch testing with the following allergens: samples of their own footwear, commercial DMF, the European baseline, shoe screening, textile and leather dye screening, and industrial biocides series. The results were recorded according to international guidelines. The content of DMF in footwear and anti‐mold sachets was analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.

Results  Acute ACD was observed in nine Caucasian female patients. All patients developed delayed sensitization, as demonstrated by positive patch testing using textile footwear lining. Seven patients were patch tested with 0.1% DMF, and all seven were positive. Chemical analysis of available footwear showed that DMF was present in very high concentrations (25–80 mg/Kg).

Conclusions  Dimethyl fumarate is a new footwear allergen and was responsible for severe ACD in our patients. To avoid an increase in the number of cases, the already approved European preventive measures should be accepted and commonly employed.
Management history determines gene flow in a prominent invader
Authors: Vardien Waafeka , Richardson David M. , Foxcroft Llewellyn C. , Wilson John R. U. , Le Roux Johannes J.
Published: February 2013

Invasive plants pose substantial threats to protected areas globally. Although management can limit impacts, spread and reinvasion from neighbouring areas into protected areas are a major and an on‐going problem for land managers. However, identifying the main sources of propagules and the dimensions of invasion pathways is challenging. This study used population genetic markers [inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs)] to infer the source(s) of re‐colonization and dispersal patterns for a typical invader of riparian and terrestrial habitats (Lantana camara) along the Sabie‐Sand catchment, one of the most important river systems flowing into and across South Africa’s flagship protected area, the Kruger National Park (KNP). Results indicate that populations located along the lower reaches of the Sabie and Sand tributaries harboured substantially higher genetic diversity than those in the upper Sabie catchment. Bayesian assignments indicated that the upper Sabie tributary contributed far fewer propagules than the Sand tributary to the lower Sabie River. Current invasion patterns are due to a combination of a major flood event in 2000 and differences in the degree to which the upstream reaches were managed after the flooding. The major flood of 2000 effectively cleared lantana from the riparian areas. However, whereas on‐going management efforts against riparian species in the KNP have been effective, rendering the upper Sabie relatively clear of lantana, only a small part of the Sand tributary falls under jurisdiction of the KNP and has received consistent management attention. The reinvasion of the lower Sabie in the KNP was therefore almost entirely by propagules from the Sand tributary. The study highlights the important role that molecular tools can play in determining dispersal dynamics and directing invasive species management. For invasive plant species that invade both riparian habitats and landscapes away from rivers in protected areas, such as lantana, management must focus on all major sources of propagules to limit reinvasion.
Ablation of Left‐Sided Accessory Pathways with Atrial Insertion Away from the Mitral Annulus Using an Electroanatomical Mapping System
Authors: LONG DE‐YONG , DONG JIAN‐ZENG , SANG CAI‐HUA , JIANG CHEN‐XI , TANG RI‐BO , YAN QIAN , YU RONG‐HUI , LI SONG‐NAN , SALIM MOHAMED , YAO YAN , LIN TAO , NING MAN , MA CHANG‐SHENG
Published: February 2013

Ablation of Left‐Sided Accessory Pathways with Atrial Insertion Away from the Mitral Annulus

Background

A left‐sided accessory pathway (AP) with atrial insertion away from the mitral annulus (MA) may result in difficulty or failed ablation along the MA. We report our initial experience of ablating this rare form of AP by a 3‐dimensional electroanatomical mapping system (CARTO).

Methods

From January 2007 to August 2011, 29 patients with left‐sided APs who failed previous ablations in other centers were enrolled in this study. Left atrium (LA) was reconstructed during orthodromic atrioventricuar reentry tachycardias (AVRTs) or ventricle pacing by using a 3‐dimensional electroanatomical mapping system. The AP atrial insertion was defined as the earliest retrograde atrial activation and successful ablation of the AP at the site.

Results

Among the 29 patients who had failed previous ablation, 7 patients were found to have atrial insertions away from the MA. Out of the 7 patients, atrial insertions were at the base of the LA appendage in 5 patients and at the anterior roof of LA in 2 patients. Ablation at the atrial insertion successfully abolished AP conduction. The mean distance between the atrial insertion sites and the MA was 24.9 ± 4.9 mm. No patients reported recovered AP conduction or recurrent tachycardias after at least 12‐month follow‐up.

Conclusions

Left‐sided APs may have atrial insertions away from the MA. By using the CARTO system, atrial insertions can be reliably identified and ablated.
A service review of a novel primary care specialist oral surgery referral service operating in a managed clinical network
Authors: Davies B. , Ramsey R. , Bryant D. , MacKenzie N.
Published: February 2013

Aim

This paper describes a newly created primary care oral surgery specialist service operating in a managed clinical network caring for the United Kingdom military population. It aims to review its outcomes and to consider the structure of the service in relation to the recommendations of the 2010 NHS sponsored ‘Review of Oral Surgery Services and Training’ by Medical Education England which made recommendations for the delivery of UK oral surgery services.

Materials and methods

A retrospective audit of patient records and referral data.

Results

This paper describes a primary care focused, specialist delivered oral surgery referral service that has demonstrated how the recommendations of this review can be successfully implemented to the benefit of patients and those that commission and resource care whilst simultaneously delivering clinical training to General Dental Practitioners in oral surgery. Furthermore it illustrates the successful implementation and integration of a managed clinical network for the delivery of oral surgery referral services from primary care general practice through primary care specialist practice to secondary care hospital services.

Conclusions

The benefits of the service include an efficient, effective and fiscally economical patient centred service with referral to treatment timings and complication rates that compare favourably to current alternatives and with the structures and processes that facilitate the achievement of quality outcomes.
Verbal hygiene in the Hong Kong gay community
Authors: JONES RODNEY H.
Published: February 2013

This paper explores the status and function of English among gay men in Hong Kong through the analysis of postings about English on a popular gay internet forum. The forum, gayhk.com, while mainly featuring discussions about sex, fashion, entertainment and relationships, also contains a surprising amount of discussion about the English language, mostly taking the form of what Cameron refers to as ‘verbal hygiene’ – the enforcement of language ‘standards’ through the criticism of the language use of particular individuals or groups. The analysis of these postings sees them not just as evidence of language attitudes within the gay community, but also as tools with which Chinese gay men in postcolonial Hong Kong position themselves in relation to one another, in relation to ‘foreign’ gay men, and in relation to the wider population of Hong Kong.
Black South African English on the radio
Authors: MAKALELA LEKETI
Published: February 2013

For most rural communities in South Africa, community radio remains the most common mass communication channel which models English speech forms and functions. Whereas print media has received some attention in the earlier works on Black South African English (BSAE) research, the speech tokens used in the radio have not been empirically studied to date. In order to fill this gap and expand previous work on the variety, this study investigated high‐frequency features of BSAE drawn from a corpus of 209,000 words from a rural English‐medium community radio in Limpopo Province. Normalized frequency rates of syntactic, discourse and pragmatic features were calculated, using corpus quantification procedures, which were complemented by a cross‐linguistic analysis of the selected features with an upper limit of 10,000 words. The findings of the study provide evidence that BSAE has evolved alongside the nativization and endonormative phases proposed in Schneider's Dynamic Model and that both the radio usage and reliance on the logic of Bantu language substrate forms, in combination, reinforce its stabilization. Implications for future research directions are offered at the end of the paper.
Accelerating Linear System Solutions Using Randomization Techniques
Authors: Baboulin Marc , Dongarra Jack , Herrmann Julien , Tomov Stanimire
Published: February 2013

We illustrate how linear algebra calculations can be enhanced by statistical techniques in the case of a square linear system
Ax
 = 
b
. We study a random transformation of
A
that enables us to avoid pivoting and then to reduce the amount of communication. Numerical experiments show that this randomization can be performed at a very affordable computational price while providing us with a satisfying accuracy when compared to partial pivoting. This random transformation called Partial Random Butterfly Transformation (PRBT) is optimized in terms of data storage and flops count. We propose a solver where PRBT and the LU factorization with no pivoting take advantage of the current hybrid multicore/GPU machines and we compare its Gflop/s performance with a solver implemented in a current parallel library.
Mobile social networking applications
Authors: Jabeur Nafaâ , Zeadally Sherali , Sayed Biju
Published: February 2013

They deliver the right social service to the right user anytime, anyplace, without divulging personal data.