bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimized reconstitution of membrane proteins into synthetic membranes
Authors: Goers Roland , Thoma Johannes , Ritzmann Noah , Di Silvestro Alfredo , Alter Claudio , Gunkel-Grabole Gesine , Fotiadis Dimitrios , Müller Daniel J. , Meier Wolfgang
Published: June 2018

Light-driven proton pumps, such as proteorhodopsin, have been proposed as an energy source in the field of synthetic biology. Energy is required to power biochemical reactions within artificially created reaction compartments like proto- or nanocells, which are typically based on either lipid or polymer membranes. The insertion of membrane proteins into these membranes is delicate and quantitative studies comparing these two systems are needed. Here we present a detailed analysis of the formation of proteoliposomes and proteopolymersomes and the requirements for a successful reconstitution of the membrane protein proteorhodopsin. To this end, we apply design of experiments to provide a mathematical framework for the reconstitution process. Mathematical optimization identifies suitable reconstitution conditions for lipid and polymer membranes and the obtained data fits well to the predictions. Altogether, our approach provides experimental and modeling evidence for different reconstitution mechanisms depending on the membrane type which resulted in a surprisingly similar performance.
Photodegradation of methyl thioglycolate particles as a proxy for organosulphur containing droplets
Authors: Seng Samantha , Picone A. Lorena , Bava Yanina B. , Juncal Luciana C. , Moreau Myriam , Ciuraru Raluca , George Christian , Romano Rosana M. , Sobanska Sophie , Tobon Yeny A.
Published: June 2018

Photochemical generation of elemental sulphur and sulphate at the gas–liquid interface by heterogeneous interaction with gaseous O2and H2O.
On the non-innocence of the imidazolium cation in a rapid microwave synthesis of oleylamine-capped gold nanoparticles in an ionic liquid
Authors: Bhawawet Nakara , Essner Jeremy B. , Atwood Jerry L. , Baker Gary A.
Published: June 2018

We report a very fast (10–30 s) microwave method to prepare oleylamine-capped, monodisperse ca. 8–11 nm gold nanoparticles in an ionic liquid
Intramolecular metal–ligand electron transfer triggered by co-ligand substitution
Authors: Ziesak Alexandra , Steuer Lena , Kaifer Elisabeth , Wagner Norbert , Beck Johannes , Wadepohl Hubert , Himmel Hans-Jörg
Published: June 2018

Labile co-ligands are attached to a dinuclear copper(i) complex with a redox-active bridging guanidine ligand. Their substitution triggers electron-transfer from the copper atoms to the guanidine.
Easily reduced bis-pincer (NS2)2molybdenum(iv) to (NHS2)2Mo(ii) by alcoholsvs. redox-inert (NS2)(NHS2)iron(iii) complexes
Authors: Robles-Marín Elvis , Mondragón Alexander , Martínez-Alanis Paulina R. , Aullón Gabriel , Flores-Alamo Marcos , Castillo Ivan
Published: June 2018

Iron and molybdenum complexes supported by a pincer-type dianionic [NS2]2−donor were prepared to compare their structural, spectroscopic, and electrochemical properties.
Retracted Article: Influence of aqueous sulfide on speciation of U(vi) adsorbed to nanomagnetite
Authors: Sun Yubing , Lan Jianhui , Li Mengxue , Hu Wei , Liu Haibo , Song Gang , Chen Diyun , Shi Weiqun , Wang Xiangke
Published: June 2018

Heterogeneous reduction of U(vi) by structural Fe2+ and S2− is a key process influencing its fate and transport in subsurface environment.
The short-term supplementation of monacolin K improves the lipid and metabolic patterns of hypertensive and hypercholesterolemic subjects at low cardiovascular risk
Authors: Mazza Alberto , Schiavon Laura , Rigatelli Gianluca , Torin Gioia , Montanaro Fabio , Lenti Salvatore
Published: June 2018

A nutraceutical compound containing 10 mg of MK appeared to be safe, well tolerated and effective at improving lipid and glucose patterns.
Synthesis and gas permselectivity of CuBTC–GO–PVDF mixed matrix membranes
Authors: Feijani Elahe Ahmadi , Mahdavi Hossein , Tavassoli Ahmad
Published: June 2018

A CuBTC (copper(ii) benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate) metal organic framework (MOF) and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were introduced into a semi-crystalline PVDF to produce mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) to promote gas separation performance.
Deep oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene with {Mo132} nanoballs supported on activated carbon as an efficient catalyst at room temperature
Authors: Mojaverian Kermani Ali , Ahmadpour Ali , Rohani Bastami Tahereh , Ghahramaninezhad Mahboube
Published: June 2018

{Mo132}/AC could be used as an efficient catalyst for deep oxidative removal of refractory sulfur compounds in fossil fuels.
Magnetic relaxation and three-dimensional critical fluctuations in B-doped Q-carbon – a high-temperature superconductor
Authors: Bhaumik Anagh , Sachan Ritesh , Narayan Jagdish
Published: June 2018

Three-dimensional critical fluctuations and Anderson–Kim logarithmic magnetic relaxations in B-doped Q-carbon high-temperature superconductor will lead to multifunctional high-speed electronic devices.
Synthesis of hydrophobic insulin-based peptides using a helping hand strategy
Authors: Disotuar Maria M. , Petersen Mark E. , Nogueira Jason M. , Kay Michael S. , Chou Danny Hung-Chieh
Published: June 2018

A universal “helping hand” to facilitate the synthesis of A chain of insulin-related peptides.
Portable smart highly proton conductive all inorganic gel paste electrolyte with optimum phosphorous to silicon ratio for enhanced durable operation of a fuel cell
Authors: Ghosh Priyanka , Dhole Chandan Kumar , Ganguly Saibal , Banerjee Dipali , Kargupta Kajari
Published: June 2018

A novel portable 3D gel paste electrolyte with an optimum P/Si ratio of 5 with trapped H3PO4 has been shown to have an enhanced conductivity and performance.
Role of endogenous digitalis-like factors in the clinical manifestations of severe preeclampsia: a systematic review
Authors: Buckalew Vardaman M.
Published: June 2018

Endogenous digitalis-like factor(s), originally proposed as a vasoconstrictor natriuretic hormone, was discovered in fetal and neonatal blood accidentally because it cross-reacts with antidigoxin antibodies (ADAs). Early studies using immunoassays with ADA identified the digoxin-like immuno-reactive factor(s) (EDLF) in maternal blood as well, and suggested it originated in the feto–placental unit. Mammalian digoxin-like factors have recently been identified as at least two classes of steroid compounds, plant derived ouabain (O), and several toad derived bufodienolides, most prominent being marinobufagenin (MBG). A synthetic pathway for MBG has been identified in mammalian placental tissue. Elevated maternal and fetal EDLF, O and MBG have been demonstrated in preeclampsia (PE), and inhibition of red cell membrane sodium, potassium ATPase (Na, K ATPase (NKA)) by EDLF is reversed by ADA fragments (ADA-FAB). Accordingly, maternal administration of a commercial ADA-antibody fragment (FAB) was tested in several anecdotal cases of PE, and two, small randomized, prospective, double-blind clinical trials. In the first randomized trial, ADA-FAB was administered post-partum, in the second antepartum. In the post-partum trial, ADA-FAB reduced use of antihypertensive drugs. In the second trial, there was no effect of ADA-FAB on blood pressure, but the fall in maternal creatinine clearance (CrCl) was prevented. In a secondary analysis using the pre-treatment maternal level of circulating Na, K ATPase (NKA) inhibitory activity (NKAI), ADA-FAB reduced the incidence of pulmonary edema and, unexpectedly, that of severe neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). The fall in CrCl in patients given placebo was proportional to the circulating level of NKAI. The implications of these findings on the pathophysiology of the clinical manifestations PE are discussed, and a new model of the respective roles of placenta derived anti-angiogenic (AAG) factors (AAGFs) and EDLF is proposed.
Atherosclerosis and inflammation: overview and updates
Authors: Geovanini Glaucylara Reis , Libby Peter
Published: June 2018

The concept that inflammation participates pivotally in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its complications has gained considerable attention, but has not yet entered clinical practice. Experimental work has elucidated molecular and cellular pathways of inflammation that promote atherosclerosis. The recognition of atherogenesis as an active process rather than a cholesterol storage disease or a repository of calcium has highlighted some key inflammatory mechanisms. For example, mononuclear phagocytes contribute to all stages of this disease, illustrating the link between inflammation and atherosclerosis. From a clinical perspective, harnessing inflammation may now help target therapeutics, change guidelines, and enter daily practice. Multiple lines of incontrovertible evidence have proven a causal role for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in atherosclerosis, and we have highly effective tools for lowering LDL, consequently reducing events. Yet, even with intense LDL reduction, events still occur. Inflammation can explain some of this residual risk. An anti-inflammatory intervention has now proven capable of improving outcomes in individuals well treated with LDL-lowering agents. A suite of trials are now pursuing anti-inflammatory therapies in this context. Assessment and treatment of residual inflammatory risk are poised to provide new inroads into preventive cardiology. This brief review aims to explore the potential mechanisms underlying the association of inflammation and atherogenesis, and their clinical consequences.
Vocal Fold Vibration in Older Adults With and Without Age-Related Dysphonia
Authors: Samlan Robin A. , Kunduk Melda , Ikuma Takeshi , Black Mindy , Lane Christianne
Published: June 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the extent to which 7 measures of glottal area timing and regularity differ between older adults with and without age-related dysphonia (ARD).

Method

Laryngeal high-speed videoendoscopy was completed at 4,000 frames per second for 42 adults aged 70 years and older (ARD: 9 female, 5 male; control group: 15 female, 13 male). Relative glottal gap, open quotient, speed index, maximum area declination rate, harmonics-to-noise ratio, harmonic richness factor, and standard deviation of fundamental frequency were measured from a 0.5-s segment of the glottal area waveform. Eta squared (η2) was computed to estimate group effect.

Results

Small effect sizes (η2= .18–.35) were present for relative glottal gap, open quotient, maximum area declination rate, harmonic richness factor, and standard deviation of fundamental frequency. Speed index and glottal harmonics-to-noise ratio did not explain group membership (η2= .001 and .05, respectively).

Conclusion

These findings provide evidence that vocal fold vibration in ARD is different than in normal aging, whereas the overlap in values for every measure is consistent with the concept that normal aging and ARD exist as a continuum of health and disease.
Effects of Interventions That Include Aided Augmentative and Alternative Communication Input on the Communication of Individuals With Complex Communication Needs: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: O'Neill Tara , Light Janice , Pope Lauramarie
Published: June 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) interventions that included aided AAC input (e.g., aided AAC modeling, aided language modeling, aided language stimulation, augmented input) on communicative outcomes (both comprehension and expression) for individuals with developmental disabilities who use AAC.

Method

A systematic search resulted in the identification of 26 single-case experimental designs (88 participants) and 2 group experimental designs (103 participants). Studies were coded in terms of participants, intervention characteristics, dependent variables, outcomes, and quality of evidence.

Results

AAC interventions that included aided AAC input in isolation, or as part of a multicomponent intervention, were found to be highly effective across participants of various ages, disabilities, and language skills. The interventions typically included aided AAC input in conjunction with expectant delay, direct prompting (e.g., spoken, gestural), contingent responding, and open-ended questions. The interventions were found to be highly effective in supporting both comprehension and expression across the domains of pragmatics, semantics, and morphosyntax. Outcomes related to expression were reported more often than outcomes related to comprehension.

Conclusion

Aided AAC input may reduce input–output asymmetry and enhance expression and comprehension for individuals who use AAC; the evidence suggests that partners should utilize this strategy. Future research is needed to investigate the effects of AAC input (aided and unaided) on long-term language development for individuals who require AAC.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6394364
Transfer of Learning: What Does It Tell Us About Speech Production Units?
Authors: Caudrelier Tiphaine , Schwartz Jean-Luc , Perrier Pascal , Gerber Silvain , Rochet-Capellan Amélie
Published: June 2018

Purpose

Words, syllables, and phonemes have each been regarded as basic encoding units of speech production in various psycholinguistic models. The present article investigates the role of each unit in the interface with speech articulation, using a paradigm from motor control research.

Method

Seventy-six native speakers of French were trained to change their production of /be/ in response to an auditory feedback perturbation (auditory–motor learning). We then assessed the magnitude of learning transfer from /be/ to the syllables in 2 pseudowords (/bepe/ and /pebe/) and 1 real word (/bebe/) as well as the aftereffect on the same utterance (/be/) with a between-subjects design. This made it possible to contrast the amplitude of transfer at the levels of the utterance, the syllable, and the phoneme, depending on the position in the word. Linear mixed models allowed us to study the amplitude as well as the dynamics of the transfer and the aftereffect over trials.

Results

Transfer from the training utterance /be/ was observed for all vowels of the test utterances but was larger to the syllable /be/ than to the syllable /pe/ at word-initial position and larger to the 1st syllable than to the 2nd syllable in the utterance.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that words, syllables, and phonemes may all contribute to the definition of speech motor commands. In addition, the observation of a serial order effect raises new questions related to the connection between psycholinguistic models and speech motor control approaches.
Non-damping oscillations at flaring loops
Authors: Li D. , Yuan D. , Su Y. N. , Zhang Q. M. , Su W. , Ning Z. J.
Published: June 2018

Context. Quasi-periodic oscillations are usually detected as spatial displacements of coronal loops in imaging observations or as periodic shifts of line properties (i.e., Doppler velocity, line width and intensity) in spectroscopic observations. They are often applied for remote diagnostics of magnetic fields and plasma properties on the Sun.

Aims. We combine the imaging and spectroscopic measurements of available space missions, and investigate the properties of non-damping oscillations at flaring loops.

Methods. We used the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) to measure the spectrum over a narrow slit. The double-component Gaussian fitting method was used to extract the line profile of Fe XXI 1354.08 Å at the “O I” spectral window. The quasi-periodicity of loop oscillations were identified in the Fourier and wavelet spectra.

Results. A periodicity at about 40 s is detected in the line properties of Fe XXI 1354.08 Å, hard X-ray emissions in GOES 1−8 Å derivative, and Fermi 26−50 keV. The Doppler velocity and line width oscillate in phase, while a phase shift of about π/2 is detected between the Doppler velocity and peak intensity. The amplitudes of Doppler velocity and line width oscillation are about 2.2 km s−1 and 1.9 km s−1, respectively, while peak intensity oscillates with amplitude at about 3.6% of the background emission. Meanwhile, a quasi-period of about 155 s is identified in the Doppler velocity and peak intensity of the Fe XXI 1354.08 Å line emission, and AIA 131 Å intensity.

Conclusions. The oscillations at about 40 s are not damped significantly during the observation; this might be linked to the global kink modes of flaring loops. The periodicity at about 155 s is most likely a signature of recurring downflows after chromospheric evaporation along flaring loops. The magnetic field strengths of the flaring loops are estimated to be about 120−170 G using the magnetohydrodynamic seismology diagnostics, which are consistent with the magnetic field modeling results using the flux rope insertion method.
Monte Carlo study of dose distribution improvement by skin-shielding layer design in boron neutron capture therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Tang X. , Yu H. , Shu D. , Gong C. , Geng C. , Ai Y. , Chen D.
Published: June 2018

The skin dose exceeds its dose limitation easily in using an accelerator-based neutron source for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). To solve this problem, design analyses in materials and thicknesses of skin-shielding schemes were investigated through Monte Carlo method. Two skin-shielding schemes were better and could reduce the healthy organ dose: scheme A (0.1 cm-thick thermoplastic with 96%-enriched 6LiF), and scheme B (0.6 cm-thick lithium carbonate). Scheme B with shorter irradiation time was the optimized schemes to improve the dose distribution of BNCT for NSCLC.
Evidenzbasierte Pflege der Säuglingshaut, Teil 1: Die Haut – Aufbau, Funktion, Hautschutzbarriere
Authors: Dachs Claudia , Busmann Ulla , Merk Prof. Dr. Hans F
Published: June 2018

Die Hautpflege bei Neugeborenen und Säuglingen ist ein wichtiges Thema in der Beratung junger Eltern. Die mit diesem Fachartikel beginnende dreiteilige Serie vermittelt Grundlagenwissen und konkrete Empfehlungen für eine evidenzbasierte Pflege der Säuglingshaut. Teil 1 veranschaulicht Aufbau und Funktionen der Haut, die Besonderheiten der Neugeborenen- und Säuglingshaut sowie stärkende und störende Faktoren für die Hautschutzbarriere.
Professionelles Notfallmanagement in der Geburtshilfe
Authors: Hildebrandt Prof. Dr. Sven , Göbel Esther
Published: June 2018

Ob in der Schwangerschaft, während der Geburt oder im Wochenbett: Eine plötzlich auftretende geburtshilfliche Komplikation ist eine besondere Herausforderung für Hebammen. Sven Hildebrandt und Esther Göbel schlagen in ihrem Buch „Geburtshilfliche Notfälle“ allgemeine Handlungsrichtlinien für das professionelle Notfallmanagement vor. Diese seien auszugsweise nachfolgend vorgestellt.
Separation of a Plasminogen Activator from Plasminogen or Plasmin in Guinea-Pig Serum by Means of Cationic Agents
Authors: Olesen E. S
Published: June 2018

The fibrinolytic activity of the precipitates produced in guinea-pig serum by means of the cationic detergent cetyl pyridinium chloride (germidin®) or by protamine sulphate depends on pH and on the concentration of NaCl during precipitation.

By selecting appropriate conditions it is possible to prepare precipitates with considerable fibrinolytic activity on normal fibrin, but without any demonstrable protease activity on heated fibrin. The experimental data indicate that this result is caused by separation of an activator of plasminogen from plasmin and/or plasminogen. This concept implies that the activator and the protease are separate entities.
Absence of Blood Clotting Substances from Synovial Fluid
Authors: Cho M. H , Neuhaus O. W
Published: June 2018

Analyses were performed on normal bovine synovial fluid for prothrombin, fibrinogen, Ac-globulin (factor V), autoprothrombin I (factor VII), tissue thromboplastin, and antithrombin. None of these active substances in blood clotting was found. The absence of these proteins, especially prothrombin (MW of 62 700), may be on the basis of selective permeability of the capillaries of the synovial membrane to certain plasma proteins.
The Formation of the Extrinsic Prothrombin Activator
Authors: Straub W , Duckert F
Published: June 2018

The formation of the extrinsic activator of prothrombin conversion is investigated. We use the term “extrinsic activator” to avoid ambiguity which could arise when employing the name tissue thromboplastin.

The experiments are carried out with purified clotting factors and congenital factor VII and X-deficient sera. Two steps can be distinguished. First, tissue factor and factor X react together as substrates in presence of Ca ions to form the extrinsic reaction product. The reaction is catalyzed enzymatically by factor VII. In the second stage, the reaction product and factor V (substrate) form the extrinsic activator which in turn can convert the prothrombin to thrombin.
The Effect of Phosphorus32, Dextran, Reserpine and Stypturon on Thrombus Formation in Rats
Authors: Ashwin J. G , Jaques L. B
Published: June 2018

The effect of the radioisotope P32, hydrolysed dextran, reserpine, stypturon on thrombus formation was determined by injecting these substances into rats before a standardized operation on the jugular vein. 5 hours after the operation 65% of control animals showed a thrombus. 10 days after intravenous injection of 2, 3, or 4 µC/g, the incidence of thrombosis was lowered in direct relation with the reduced platelet counts varying from 65% incidence for counts above 200 000/mm3 to 0% incidence for counts less than 38 000/mm3. Animals injected with dextran, 2 hours, or reserpine, 48 hours before the operation had an incidence of thrombosis of 48% (P <0.01). The incidence of thrombosis was not significantly lowered by mecholyl, producing a hypotension similar to that after dextran, nor by stypturon. The importance of the method for the quantitative evaluation of substances having an effect on thrombus formation is emphasized.
Ultrastructure of Prothrombin and Thrombin Molecules
Authors: Riddle Jeanne M. , Bernstein Maurice H. , Seegers Walter H.
Published: June 2018

A technic is described for obtaining shadowcast preparations of bovine prothrombin and thrombin molecules. Three products of prothrombin were investigated. Nonchromatographed prothrombin and prothrombin chromatographed on Amberlite IRC-50 were homogeneous and similar in appearance. The mean particle height of IRC-50 prothrombin was less than that of nonchromatographed prothrombin. In contrast, DEAE cellulose prothrombin products were heterogeneous, approximately Vs larger and of a more spherical molecular configuration. The mean particle height of each type of prothrombin preparation was significantly different from the other. Chromatographic procedures rather than increasing the specific activity of prothrombin products were detrimental to the molecule and produced measurable chemical, functional, and morphological modifications.

Three thrombin products were also surveyed. In each case the molecules were discrete particles and had a smaller mean particle height than prothrombin. On the basis of the t test, there were no significant differences between the mean particle heights of IRC-50 thrombin, urea treated thrombin and citrate IRC-50 thrombin. There was no indication of dimer or trimer configurations in the thrombin preparations.
Behaviour of Factors II, VII, IX, and X during Long-Term Treatment with Coumarin
Authors: Loeliger E. A , van der Esch B , Mattern M. J , den Brabander A. S. A
Published: June 2018

During long-term treatment with the long-acting coumarin derivative phenprocoumarol (marcoumar) no statistically significant difference in the depression of the activity of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X was found. The shorter-acting anticoagulants acenocoumarol (sintrom), warfarin sodium (coumadin), and dicoumarol, possibly lower factor IX somewhat less and factor X somewhat more than they do factors II and VII.

A 2.5-fold prolongation of the “prothrombin” time (using Owren 5 s human brain thromboplastin) and the same prolongation of the thrombotest time appear to correspond with a depression of all four factors from 100% down to approximately 20’%, the normal standard being a mixed population with a mean age of 29 years.

Separate determination of one of the four coagulation factors concerned is pointless; “prothrombin” time estimation, and more specifically thrombotest, still remain the most reliable methods for controlling the anti-vitamin K action of anticoagulants during long-term treatment.
The Streptokinase Reactivity Test. I. Standardization
Authors: Amery A , Maes H , Vermylen J , Verstraete M
Published: June 2018

1. An attempt was made to standardize a method which determines the reactivity of a given blood sample with streptokinase (SKRT).

2. The nature of the thrombin and streptokinase used can greatly influence the test.

3. The 20 minutes value is less influenced by a number of parameters than other points on the streptokinase versus lysis time plot.
The Inactivation of Plasma Thromboplastin by Heparin
Authors: Cross M. J , Glover Susan
Published: June 2018

Heparin at concentrations greater than 0.2 u/ml rapidly inactivated partially purified thromboplastin (plasma prothrombinase) prepared from pigs’ plasma in the thromboplastin generation test.
Release of a Platelet-Aggregating Substance (Adenosine Diphosphate) from Rabbit Blood Platelets Induced by Saline “Extract” of Tendons
Authors: Hovig Torstein
Published: June 2018

1. Blood platelet aggregation was induced by addition of saline “extract” of tendons to citrated PRP (aggregation time 50—60 seconds). The aggregates were sedimented by centrifugation, and aggregating activity was demonstrated in the supernatant (termed supernat. A) with an aggregation time of about 15 seconds.

2. It was demonstrated that the activity of the supernatant was due to ADP released from the platelets.

3. The conclusion is drawn that the aggregation reaction initiated by the tendon “extract” can be divided into two steps: 1. release of ADP from the platelets, 2. aggregation caused by released ADP.

4. The observations are discussed in relation to the formation of platelet plugs in vivo.
Experimentelle Beiträge zur Bestimmung der Leistungsfähigkeit gerinnungsphysiologischer Untersuchungsmethoden
Authors: Berghoff A , Glatzel H
Published: June 2018

1. Zwei verschiedene Streptokinase-(SK)Präparate (Streptase-Behringwerke und Varidase-Lederle) werden im Caseinspaltungstest bezüglich ihrer das pro- fibrinolytische System aktivierenden Eigenschaften geprüft und die optimalen SK-Konzentrationen beider Präparate für diesen Test ermittelt. Bei einer erreichbaren proteolytisch-fibrinoly tischen Aktivität von 0,8 E pro ml Globulinfraktion betragen sie für Streptase ca. 93 E SK und für Varidase ca. 125 E SK pro ml Globulinfraktion. Zusätzliche Anwendung von 125 E SK (Varidase) bzw. 155 E SK (Streptase) pro ml Euglobulinfraktion führen zu einer ca. 20’°/oigen Hemmung des aktivierbaren proteolytisch-fibrinoly tischen Potentials.

2. In Form der Euglobulinfraktion kann das profibrinolytische Potential aus Plasma bis zu 8 Wochen lang bei einer Temperatur von —25° bis —30° C gelagert werden, ohne eine nennenswerte Aktivitätsminderung zu erfahren. In Zitratplasma unter den gleichen Bedingungen erleidet das Proaktivatoren-System (infolge Beeinflussung durch Inhibitoren oder durch den anschließenden Aufarbeitungsprozeß zu Globulinfraktionen) eine Aktivitätsminderung: Die ersten Phasen der Bildung des Aktivators laufen verzögert ab. Es wird an Hand der Befunde abgeleitet, daß die Kapazität des aktivierbaren Plasminogens bei der Lagerung unbeeinflußt bleibt.
Enhancing the Fibrinolytic Activity in Human Blood by Occlusion of Blood Vessels
Authors: Amery A , Vermylen J , Maes H , Verstraete M
Published: June 2018

The lytic activity was measured in blood obtained from a superficial elbow vein when a cuff with a known pressure was attached above the elbow and compared with the activity in the blood taken at the same moment from the control arm without any pressure.

1. Using a pressure 20 mm above the systolic pressure, no enhancement could be obtained in the first 10 minutes.

2. Using a diastolic or systolic pressure during 3 minutes, the fibrinolytic activity was about 2.8 times the activity in the control sample.

3. Using a pressure halfway the diastolic and systolic, the fibrinolytic activity after 3 minutes was about 3.5 times, and after 10 minutes about 11 times the activity in the control sample.
Einsatz von »Aggregationshemmern« nach operativen Eingriffen am Herzen und arteriellen Gefäßsystem
Authors: Schöndorf T. H.
Published: June 2018

Die Problematik der Thromboem-bolieprophylaxe nach operativen Eingriffen im arteriellen Gefäßsystem ist wegen ihrer Komplexität im Einzelfall nicht statistisch faßbar. Randomisierte Langzeitstudien können nur Entscheidungshilfen bei der individuellen Nut-zen-/Risikoabwägung sein. In diesem Sinne lassen die bisher vorliegenden Ergebnisse systematischer Untersuchungen vorläufig folgende Schlußfolgerungen zu:

1. Bei Herzklappenprothesen kann durch eine Kombination der oralen Antikoagulantien mit Dipyridamol (DPD) oder auch mit Acetylsalicylsäure (ASS) die Prophylaxe gegen thromboembolische Komplikationen verbessert werden; ein alleiniger Einsatz von Plättcheninhibitoren ist nicht ausreichend.

2. Die Rethrombosierang von aorto-koronaren Venenbypässen wird weder durch eine Langzeitverabreichung von oralen Antikoagulantien noch Plättcheninhibitoren entscheidend beeinflußt; venöse Thrombo-embolien gefährden die Patienten während der frühen postoperativen Phase.

3. a) Nach gefäßchirurgischen Eingriffen im aortoiliakalen Bereich verbessert weder der Einsatz von Antikoagulantien noch von Plättcheninhibitoren eindeutig die Operationsergebnisse; primäres Ziel ist, die Progredienz der allgemeinen Gefäßsklerose zu behandeln.

b) Bei femoropoplitealen Operationen ist nach der Implantation eines Venenbypass eine Dauerantikoagulation indiziert, während nach Thrombendarteriek-tomien (TEA) Plättcheninhibitoren wie die Kombination von Acetylsalicylsäure (ASS) und Dipyridamol (DPD) einen Behandlungserfolg versprechen lassen.

4. Der prophylaktische Nutzen von Sulfinpyrazon oder Acetylsalicylsäure in niedriger Dosierung gegen Shuntthrombosen bei Hämodialy-sepatienten ist sehr gut belegt.

5. Thromboembolien nach diagnostischen Kathetereingriffen lassen sich durch Antikoagulantien reduzieren, während der Einsatz von Plättcheninhibitoren keine Wirkung gezeigt hat.

Nach dilatierenden Katheterbehandlungen können mit der Kombination von Acetylsalicylsäure und Dipyridamol Rezidiwerschlüsse in der Frühphase erfolgreich vermindert werden.
‘‘Close, and ye shall find’’: eye closure during thinking enhances creativity
Authors: Yonemitsu Fumiya , Sasaki Kyoshiro , Gobara Akihiko , Kosugi Koji , Yamada Yuki
Published: June 2018

Facilitation of creative thinking is an important element for innovation. It has been suggested that cognitive resources are involved in creative thinking; however, little evidence of this involvement has been found. To address this issue, the present study focuses on eye closure, which saves more cognitive resources than open eyes. Forty participants experienced both close-eyed and open-eyed conditions, and all of them were asked to generate new names for rice and tea. The results revealed that in the close-eyed condition, participants generated 1.6-times more divergent (unrestricted and flexible) ideas than in the open-eyed condition, suggesting that closing eyes during thinking enhances creativity. Our findings provide empirical evidence for the necessity of cognitive resources in creative thinking.
Causal dissipation in the relativistic dynamics of barotropic fluids
Authors: Freistühler Heinrich , Temple Blake
Published: June 2018

This paper develops two causal four-field theories of relativistic fluid dynamics, one for viscous fluids that are barotropic and the other for viscous heat-conductive fluids that are “thermo-barotropic,” a property that is newly defined here. While similar to the deduction of a five-field theory in the authors’ article Causal dissipation for the relativistic dynamics of ideal gases [Freistühler, H. and Temple, B., Proc. R. Soc. A 473, 20160729 (2017)], the argumentation is consistently carried out in a way that stays closer to Eckart’s flow frame (than to Landau’s), and the result is directly compared with the four-field theories resulting from early proposals made by Eckart, Lichnerowicz, and Choquet-Bruhat. The key idea is to impose second-order symmetric hyperbolicity in the sense of Hughes, Kato, and Marsden [Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 63, 273–294 (1976)], in the natural Godunov variables that make the corresponding system of perfect-fluid conservation laws symmetric hyperbolic in the first order sense. The new theory for viscous heat-conductive thermo-barotropic fluids belongs to the Hughes-Kato-Marsden class; the new theory for viscous general barotropic fluids lies on the boundary of that class. As in the five-field theory, the coefficients of bulk viscosity ζ, shear viscosity η, and, in the case of thermo-barotropic fluids, that of heat conductivity χ are free parameters, and in terms of these, the relativistic dissipation tensor is uniquely determined under three conditions which the authors propose as definitive: symmetric hyperbolicity, sharp causality, and first-order equivalence with Eckart—the requirement that the resulting equations be equivalent to the Eckart equations to leading order in ζ, η, and χ. The new theory for general viscous barotropic fluids complements the one given in the abovementioned paper for massive ideal gases. The new theory for viscous heat-conductive thermo-barotropic fluids notably includes the case of pure radiation, providing as one application a quantitative correction to the authors’ previous proposal in Causal dissipation and shock profiles in the relativistic fluid dynamics of pure radiation [Freistühler, H. and Temple, B., Proc. R. Soc. A 470, 20140055 (2014)].
Blocks and gaps in the asymmetric simple exclusion process: Asymptotics
Authors: Tracy Craig A. , Widom Harold
Published: June 2018

In earlier work, the authors obtained formulas for the probability in the asymmetric simple exclusion process that at time t, a particle is at site x and is the beginning of a block of L consecutive particles. Here we consider asymptotics. Specifically, for the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang regime with step initial condition, we determine the conditional probability (asymptotically as t → ∞) that a particle is the beginning of an L-block, given that it is at site x at time t. Using duality between occupied and unoccupied sites, we obtain the analogous result for a gap of G unoccupied sites between the particle at x and the next one.
Large-eddy simulation of offshore wind plants and fatigue load mitigation via pitch control strategies
Authors: Lee Sang , Kim Kyong-hwan , Lee Kangsu , Park Sewan , Hong Keyyong
Published: June 2018

Large-eddy simulations were performed on a set of various offshore atmospheric boundary layer flows with four 3-MW wind turbines separated by 1.5 rotor diameters. The damage equivalent loads were higher for the fore-aft tower base moment, which is typically found for downstream turbines. However, the flapwise blade root moments exhibited lower fluctuations for the downstream turbines, which was attributed to the removal of the shear in the flow by the upstream wake. Strong sensitivities were shown in the resulting loads with respect to the wind directions, in which the 22.5° wind direction yielded the largest load fluctuations. While the power production was improved in this wind direction, the damage equivalent loads for the downstream turbines were nearly twice those of the upstream turbines for the flapwise moment at the blade root which can significantly increase the likelihood of premature blade failure. To alleviate the fatigue, the blade pitch control approach was investigated for both the upstream and downstream turbines. It was found that reducing the blade pitch for the downstream turbines significantly reduced the damage equivalent load. Increasing the wind speed required further reductions in the blade pitch angle which decreased the overall power production.
Semiconductor quantum dot lasers epitaxially grown on silicon with low linewidth enhancement factor
Authors: Duan J. , Huang H. , Jung D. , Zhang Z. , Norman J. , Bowers J. E. , Grillot F.
Published: June 2018

This work reports on the ultra-low linewidth enhancement factor (αH-factor) of semiconductor quantum dot lasers epitaxially grown on silicon. Owing to the low density of threading dislocations and resultant high gain, an αH value of 0.13 that is rather independent of the temperature range (288 K–308 K) is measured. Above the laser threshold, the linewidth enhancement factor does not increase extensively with the bias current which is very promising for the realization of future integrated circuits including high performance laser sources.
The dynamics of the C(1D)+H2/D2/HD reactions at low temperature
Authors: González-Lezana Tomás , Larrégaray Pascal , Bonnet Laurent , Wu Yanan , Bian Wensheng
Published: June 2018

We present results of a theoretical investigation on the dynamics of the C(1D)+H2 reaction and the corresponding isotopic variants in which the carbon atom collides either with D2 or HD. Statistical techniques have been tested in comparison with the recent experimental information at low temperature (T < 300 K) and exact quantum mechanical calculations reported on the title reactions in an attempt to establish their possible complex-forming character. Our study includes the calculation of probabilities, rotational distributions, integral cross sections, differential cross sections, and rate constants. Previous quantum mechanical results have been extended here to complete the analysis of the underlying mechanisms which govern the collision process.
Stress-structure coupling and nonlinear rheology of Lennard-Jones liquid
Authors: Yamaguchi Tsuyoshi
Published: June 2018

The cross correlation between the two-body density and shear stress of Lennerd-Jones liquids is evaluated by means of equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in order to clarify the microscopic structure that determines the shear viscosity. The slowest viscoelastic relaxation is coupled to the shift of the main peak of the static structure factor as is predicted by mode-coupling theory (MCT). The decay of the cross-correlation function in the reciprocal space is explained by the square of the intermediate scattering function, which is also in harmony with MCT. The distortion of the microscopic structure under simple shear is calculated by means of non-equilibrium MD simulation. The linear response relation also holds on the two-body density within the Newtonian regime of shear viscosity, while the structural distortion diminishes in the shear-thinning regime. The transition between the Newtonian and the shear-thinning regimes occurs at the shear rate where the magnitude of the structural distortion becomes as large as that of the equilibrium structure. The breakdown of the Cox-Merz rule is ascribed to the narrow width of the main peak of the static structure factor.
A modified optimal LES model for highly compressible isotropic turbulence
Authors: Xie Chenyue , Wang Jianchun , Li Hui , Wan Minping , Chen Shiyi
Published: June 2018

An energy budget analysis and a posteriori tests of subgrid-scale (SGS) models for large eddy simulation (LES) of stationary highly compressible homogeneous isotropic turbulence are carried out at the turbulent Mach number Mt ranging from 0.4 to 1.0 and the Taylor Reynolds number Reλ ranging from 180 to 250. An energy budget analysis shows that the SGS stress τij and the SGS heat flux Qj are dominant terms in the current Mt and Reλ ranges, while other terms are significantly smaller than the divergence of the SGS heat flux Qj and can be neglected in LES. We perform LES of compressible isotropic turbulence by using several SGS models including a dynamic Smagorinsky model, a dynamic mixed model, and an optimal model. In addition, a modified optimal model is constructed based on the magnitude of the filtered strain-rate tensor |S̃|, inspired by the physical insight that the region of the large magnitude of the filtered strain-rate tensor plays a significant role in kinetic energy transfer. Spectra, statistics, and scaling of velocity and thermodynamic variables from LES are tested. The modified optimal model performs better than other models, especially for the spectrum of the compressible velocity component at relatively low turbulent Mach numbers and high Taylor Reynolds numbers. The probability density function and the structure functions of velocity and thermodynamic variables are further studied, demonstrating that the statistical properties of the simulated flows are improved by the modified optimal model.
Non-resonant vibrational excitation of HOD and selective bond breaking
Authors: Dey Diptesh , Henriksen Niels E.
Published: June 2018

This paper reports a time-dependent quantum mechanical wave packet study for bond-selective excitation and dissociation of HOD into the H + OD and D + OH channels in the first absorption band. Prior to excitation, the HOD molecule is randomly oriented with respect to a linearly polarized laser field and accurate static dipole moment and polarizability surfaces are included in the interaction potential. Vibrational excitation is obtained with intense, non-resonant 800 nm few-cycle excitation using dynamic Stark effect/impulsive Raman scattering. Dissociation is accomplished by another ultrashort vacuum ultraviolet-laser excitation. A laser control scheme is designed with a train of simple, non-resonant laser pulses in order to enhance the selectivity between the fragmentation channels. The effect of the carrier-envelope-phase of the ultrashort laser pulses is also investigated.
On the exact truncation tier of fermionic hierarchical equations of motion
Authors: Han Lu , Zhang Hou-Dao , Zheng Xiao , Yan YiJing
Published: June 2018

The hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) theory is in principle exact for describing the dissipative dynamics of quantum systems linearly coupled to Gaussian environments. In practice, the hierarchy needs to be truncated at a finite tier. We demonstrate that, for general systems described by the fermionic HEOM, the (n+L̃)th-tier truncation with L̃=2NσNν yields the exact density operators up to the nth tier. Here, Nσ = 2 for fermionic systems and Nν is the system degrees of freedom. For noninteracting systems, L̃ is further reduced by half. Such an exact termination pattern originates from the Pauli exclusion principle for fermions, and it holds true regardless of the system-environment coupling strength, the number of coupling reservoirs, or the specific scheme employed to unravel the environment memory contents. The relatively small L̃ emphasizes the nonperturbative nature of the HEOM theory. We also propose a simplified HEOM approach to further reduce the memory cost for practical calculations.
Viscosity of Lennard-Jones mixtures: A systematic study and empirical law
Authors: Meyer N. , Wax J.-F. , Xu H.
Published: June 2018

A systematic study of the viscosity of the binary Lennard-Jones (LJ) mixtures is carried out by equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations via the Green-Kubo relation. The effects of mass, size, and energy-parameter asymmetries on the viscosity and the self-diffusion coefficients are examined separately, both in equimolar mixtures and by varying the molar fractions. The systems are mapped into an effective one-component model according to the van der Waals one-fluid (vdW1) model. Furthermore, using an empirical law for pure LJ liquids, similar to the one proposed recently for liquid sodium, it is shown that the viscosity of the mixtures studied here are well-predicted by the combination of vdW1 fluid and empirical law. The Stokes-Einstein relation in the mixtures has also been investigated. A possible simple extension of this relation, from pure liquids to mixtures, has been proposed and tested.
Gas breakdown in atmospheric pressure microgaps with a surface protrusion on the cathode
Authors: Fu Yangyang , Zhang Peng , Verboncoeur John P.
Published: June 2018

Gas breakdown in atmospheric pressure microgaps with a cathode surface protrusion is highly sensitive to the protrusion geometry. The breakdown voltage is identified when the discharge enters the subnormal region, according to voltage-current curves calculated by a two-dimensional fluid model. The effects of the protrusion size and the aspect ratio on the gap breakdown voltage are examined. It is found that the protrusion size can have a more profound effect on the breakdown voltage than the protrusion's aspect ratio. The breakdown voltage versus the protrusion aspect ratio will show a minimum value if the aspect ratio varies in a wider range. Shrinking the size of cathode protrusion can increase the breakdown voltage faster than enlarging the gap distance in the absence of a protrusion in the same scale. The effect of the aspect ratio of the microgap on the breakdown voltage is also presented.
Breastfeeding peer support in rural New Zealand: the views of peer supporters
Authors: Johnson Raewyn , Ansley Pauline , Doolan-Noble Fiona , Turley Erin , Stokes Tim
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND New Zealand (NZ) has a high rate of breastfeeding initiation, declining sharply during the first six months. Although there is a range of support available to breastfeeding mothers, access can be problematic in rural areas. To extend the accessibility of breastfeeding support to rural women, a Primary Health Organisation established a breastfeeding peer supporters (BPS) programme (Mum4Mum – M4M). OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to gain an understanding of the impact of the BPS training programme on participants, as well as understanding how they utilised the information, both personally and in their communities. METHODS All women who had completed the M4M training and for whom current contact details were available were contacted and invited to complete an online survey. The text data contained in returned surveys was collated and analysed using a general inductive thematic approach. RESULTS Forty-one out of 100 BPS graduates completed the survey. Five key themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: knowledge gained and shared; increased confidence; role of peer support; acceptance; personal satisfaction. CONCLUSION The M4M programme improved the personal knowledge and skills of participants and enhanced confidence in breastfeeding ability, which in turn empowered responding participants to successfully support other women to breastfeed in their communities. As a consequence, respondents reported experiencing a heightened sense of personal satisfaction. Furthermore, the initiative successfully established a network of BPS across a sparsely populated rural area of NZ.