bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Evolution Research on Enterprise Human Resources Management Based on Knowledge Mapping
Authors: Bin Liu , guang Ma , Hong Jiang , Jigui Zheng
Published: August 2020

In this paper, the knowledge mapping based enterprise knowledge system is analyzed objectively, and some problems and deficiencies in the current enterprise knowledge system are studied and found. Meanwhile, we make most use of more effective human resources implementation plan and human resources management to achieve optimization and improvement on the current enterprise knowledge system. Thus, we come up with KM-HS knowledge evolution models of enterprises based on human resources in order to provide construction of enterprise knowledge system with detailed methods. On this basis, the paper emphasizes on knowledge acquisition, mapping construction, knowledge mapping benchmark analysis and human resources implementation plan to offer methods and references for enterprises relying on human resources management knowledge evolution of knowledge mapping.
Summary of continuous action recognition
Authors: An Jiahui , Cheng Xinrong , Wang Qing , Chen Hong , Li Jiayue , Li Shiji
Published: August 2020

In the field of human-computer interaction, it is very important for computers to understand human behaviors, so human action recognition is of great significance. But in the current action recognition work, most of them are for the segmented action data. Compared with this, there is less research on continuous action recognition. Therefore, this paper summarizes the research on continuous action recognition, and elaborates on action feature extraction, action classification, and continuous action segmentation.
Internal Control, Financial Flexibility and Corporate Performance – Based on empirical analysis of listed companies in information Technology industry
Authors: Gu Yangyang , Yuan Fangying
Published: August 2020

This paper takes non-ST and non-* ST listed companies in information technology industry from 2015 to 2018 as the research object, analyzes the relationship between financial flexibility and corporate performance, and further studies the relationship among internal control, financial flexibility and corporate performance. Research shows that financial flexibility has an inverted U-shaped relationship with corporate performance, that is, within a certain range, financial flexibility promotes corporate performance, but beyond this range, financial flexibility is not conducive to the improvement of corporate performance. Internal control has a positive adjustment effect on the relationship between financial flexibility and corporate performance.
Research of Application of Artificial Intelligence in Preschool Education
Authors: Nan Jiang
Published: August 2020

At present, preschool education has been included in China’s compulsory education and has become an important part of China’s basic education. With the continuous development of information technology, kindergartens in some coastal areas have begun to apply artificial intelligence technology to the daily teaching. The use of artificial intelligence technology for teaching can not only improve children’s enthusiasm for learning but also help the reform of preschool education institutions. In view of this, the article mainly analyzes the application of artificial intelligence technology in preschool education, and proposes corresponding solutions to the problems in artificial intelligence education and teaching.
Using AI to Analyze Relationship between Employment Discrimination and Interview Decision
Authors: Wu Guo-An , Chang Shih-Feng , Xu Dong-Mei , Huang Min-Qi
Published: August 2020

Employment equality means not only the rational allocation of talents, but also the stability and progress of society. In the process of job-searching, graduates will inevitably be restricted by non objective factors and miss the position they like. Therefore, this paper makes an in-depth study on the relationship between employment discrimination and interview decision. First of all, this paper introduces the background of employment discrimination, and then through literature analysis, selects three factors that exist in the real employment discrimination of college students in the process of job-searching as the research content, which are gender, education level and appearance, and defines the concept of employment discrimination. Next, it makes a comparative study at home and abroad, and analyzes the causes of employment discrimination. Then, the theoretical model suitable for this study is constructed and it uses questionnaire survey to collect first-hand data from college students and enterprise recruiters to explore how employment discrimination factors affect interview decision. Finally, through questionnaire data analysis, three influencing factors, including gender, education level and appearance, are found to have a positive correlation between employment discrimination and interview decision.
Study on Detection of Public Opinion and Its Methods in We Media
Authors: Xiang Dawei , Wu Yanbo , He Shan
Published: August 2020

In the era of We Media, the timely and comprehensive monitoring of online public opinion by means of computer technology has become an urgent necessity. The paper first discusses the new changes of online public opinion brought by We Media, then proposes strategies for monitoring and managing online public opinion, and finally introduces the design idea of the online public opinion monitoring system based on Web Crawler and Lucene.
Research on Fake Data Injection Attack Detection in Intelligent Ship Power System
Authors: Wang Ganlong , Zhu Jun
Published: August 2020

The application of computers in marine power systems is becoming more and more extensive, and the network security of marine power systems has become an important part. This paper studies the false data injection attack (FDIA) of the ship’s power information physical system. First, it analyzes the objectives and principles of the FDIA attack from the perspective of the attacker and the possible consequences on the power grid. From the technical point of view, it studies two aspects of FDIA attacks, analyzes and summarizes various methods in detection and defense. The FDIA defense model based on deep learning is proposed, and on this basis, the measurement points that need to be protected are confirmed according to the importance index Ik. And its index is applied to the established fake data injection attack detection model based on deep learning, and the accuracy of the two traditional fake data injection attacks is compared. Experiments show that the accuracy of this model is increased to more than 90% compared with traditional algorithms, which can effectively enhance the defense capability of the ship’s power system against FDIA.
Research on Adaptive ISOMAP Algorithm and Application in Intrusion Detection
Authors: Liu Xiang , Ma Peng , Li Gaoming
Published: August 2020

In view of the low accuracy and many redundant attributes in the detection algorithms, an intrusion detection algorithm based on adaptive Isomap is proposed. The algorithm uses the sparse representation theory to adaptively select the neighborhood of data points. Then the sparse coefficients are used as the distance weight to improve the data discrimination ability. Finally, the improved isometric feature mapping algorithm is introduced to the intrusion detection as the feature extraction module. The algorithm not only overcomes the difficulty of manual parameter adjustment, but also has strong robustness. Experimental results show that using this method to extract intrusion detection features can effectively improve the detection accuracy, and at the same time improve the detection accuracy of Probe, U2R, R2L.
Data preservation in pressure measurement
Authors: Filip Dziubek Kamil
Published: August 2020

Suggestions concerning practical pressure scales are largely focused on the selection of primary calibrants, criteria for candidate reference points and choice of the equations of state. Meanwhile, preserving and archiving data related to pressure measurements need also considerable attention. These data, as well as metadata items, corresponding to the pressure determination method are often missing in publications, making it difficult to assess the soundness of the applied approach and validate the reliability of the results. Even if the relevant information is reported, it can be difficult to track down if buried in the article text or supplementary material. Therefore, only using a consistent standardized format one can conform to the requirements of modern science research data being FAIR, i.e. Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable. Existing data structures can serve as a good starting point, if properly adapted to host specific information related to the pressure measurement. In particular, essential high-pressure data and metadata can be encompassed within Crystallographic Information Framework (CIF), a widely accepted and robust standard file structure for the archiving and distribution of crystallographic information. This review is thus intended to indicate recommendations for data items to be preserved along with the associated measured pressure values.
High-pressure phase transition of methane hydrate in water–methane–ammonia system
Authors: Kadobayashi Hirokazu , Hirai Hisako , Machita Kenji , Ohfuji Hiroaki , Muraoka Michihiro , Yoshida Suguru , Yamamoto Yoshitaka
Published: August 2020

The phase transition of methane hydrate in water–methane–ammonia system was investigated under pressures up to 20 GPa using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) combined with diamond anvil cells. The XRD experiments revealed that the sI cage structure (MH-I) of methane hydrate transforms into an sH cage structure (MH-II) at approximately 1 GPa, further transforms into a filled-ice Ih structure (MH-III) at approximately 2 GPa, and remains in this structure under pressures up to at least 20 GPa. Ammonia was observed as ammonia hemihydrate phase-II above 3.8 GPa. It is therefore considered that methane hydrate can coexist with aqueous ammonia below 3.8 GPa and coexist with ammonia hemihydrate phase-II above 3.8 GPa. The transition pressures of methane hydrate in the investigated system were consistent with those in water–methane system. These results indicate that, although ammonia is thought to inhibit methane hydrate formation, methane hydrate can be stable in water–methane–ammonia system up to at least 20 GPa and at room temperature. The pressure range in this study covered the pressure conditions inside icy moons, indicating that methane hydrate has a potential to be the main constituent of them.
HHP treatment of liquid egg products
Authors: Németh C , Tóth A , Hidas K , Surányi J , Friedrich L
Published: August 2020

High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) is one of the most promising minimal processing technologies in food preservation. HHP decreases microbiological spoilage of products and extend shelf life, while freshly-like properties are retained. For controlling microbiological safety of liquid whole egg (LWE), liquid egg white (LEW), liquid egg yolk (LEY) several preservation methods are viable in industry, but most of these apply heat or preservatives. On the one hand high temperatures are effective, but techno-functional properties could be declined, on the other hand the use of preservatives is rejected by consumers. In our study liquid egg samples are treated between 150 and 600 MPa, for 5 min. After treatments rheological properties and protein structures of samples were investigated. In evaluation of rheological results, Herschel-Bulkley model was fitted. Relevant changes in values of Herschel-Bulky models were observed above 450 MPa. LWE after HHP treatment had a stronger pseudoplastic behaviour. Summarizing our data, using a higher pressure for preservation of LWE may have bad influence on techno-functional properties. But the border pressure for adequate techno-functional properties may differ depending on final use of LWE.
Protecting rivers by integrating supply-wastewater infrastructure planning and coordinating operational decisions
Authors: Dobson Barnaby , Mijic Ana
Published: August 2020

Placing water quality in rivers at the centre of water infrastructure planning and management is an important objective. In response there has been a range of ‘whole system’ analyses. Few studies, however, consider both abstraction (water removed from rivers) and discharge (water returned) to inform the future planning of water systems. In this work we present a systems approach to analysing future water planning options where system development prioritises the water quality of the receiving river. We provide a theoretical demonstration by integrating water supply and wastewater infrastructure, and downstream river water quality, on an open-source, stylised, systems model for London, UK, at a citywide scale. We show that models which consider either supply or wastewater separately will underestimate impacts of effluent on the water quality, in some cases by amounts that would require £1 billion worth of infrastructure equivalent to mitigate. We highlight the utility of the systems approach in evaluating integrated water infrastructure planning using both socio-economic and environmental indicators. Through this approach we find unintended impacts from planning options on downstream river quality; including benefits from water demand management and rainwater harvesting, and costs from wastewater reuse. Finally, we present a novel management planning option between supply and wastewater, which we refer to as Abstraction-Effluent Dilution (AED), that is, to reduce river abstractions during high precipitation events to dilute untreated sewer spills. The AED option is found to provide up to £200 million worth of equivalent infrastructure in river quality improvements and has minimal impact on the reliability of water supply while requiring only a change in operational decision making. This proof-of-concept study highlights that seeing our water systems differently with this holistic approach could fundamentally change the way we think about future water infrastructure planning so that it works both for people and the environment.
Cocoa agroforestry systems versus monocultures: a multi-dimensional meta-analysis
Authors: Niether Wiebke , Jacobi Johanna , Blaser Wilma J , Andres Christian , Armengot Laura
Published: August 2020

Scientific knowledge, societal debates, and industry commitments around sustainable cocoa are increasing. Cocoa agroforestry systems are supposed to improve the sustainability of cocoa production. However, their combined agronomic, ecological, and socio-economic performance compared to monocultures is still largely unknown. Here we present a meta-analysis of 52 articles that directly compared cocoa agroforestry systems and monocultures. Using an inductive, multi-dimensional approach, we analyzed the differences in cocoa and total system yield, economic performance, soil chemical and physical properties, incidence of pests and diseases, potential for climate change mitigation and adaptation, and biodiversity conservation. Cocoa agroforestry systems outcompeted monocultures in most indicators. Cocoa yields in agroforestry systems were 25% lower than in monocultures, but total system yields were about ten times higher, contributing to food security and diversified incomes. This finding was supported by a similar profitability of both production systems. Cocoa agroforestry contributed to climate change mitigation by storing 2.5 times more carbon and to adaptation by lowering mean temperatures and buffering temperature extremes. We found no significant differences in relation to the main soil parameters. The effect of the type of production system on disease incidence depended on the fungal species. The few available studies comparing biodiversity showed a higher biodiversity in cocoa agroforestry systems. Increased and specific knowledge on local tree selections and local socio-economic and environmental conditions, as well as building and enabling alternative markets for agroforestry products, could contribute to further adoption and sustainability of cocoa agroforestry systems.
On the phase transition in the sublattice TASEP with stochastic blockage
Authors: Schütz G M
Published: August 2020

We revisit the defect-induced nonequilibrium phase transition from a largely homogeneous free-flow phase to a phase-separated congested phase in the sublattice totally asymmetric simple exclusion process with local deterministic bulk dynamics and a stochastic defect that mimicks a random blockage. Exact results are obtained for the compressibility and density correlations for a stationary grandcanonical ensemble given by the matrix product ansatz. At the critical density the static compressibility diverges while in the phase separated state above the critical point the compressibility vanishes due to strong non-local correlations. These correlations arise from a long range effective interaction between particles that appears in the stationary state despite the locality of the microscopic dynamics.
A review of anoa conservation efforts in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Arini D I D , Christita M , Sheherazade  , Mayasari A , Suryaningsih R , Simamora A T A J
Published: August 2020

Anoa is an endemic Sulawesi mammal and listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This conservation status represents the critical condition of declining population in the wild due to continuing habitat loss and poaching. This paper aims to review anoa conservation efforts both in-situ and ex-situ that have been conducted by the Government of Indonesia, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), private companies, and local communities in Sulawesi. A number of 16 papers were reviewed in order to gather some information regarding the conservation efforts in Sulawesi. Several protected areas were established to protect Sulawesi biodiversity, including anoa. Local communities within the park (e.g.,Toro local people) contribute to this effort by having customary laws, not to hunting anoa. The government also ratified relevant policies and regulations to support anoa conservation. Anoa Breeding Center in North Sulawesi was started in 2010 to foster research and breeding program. The center has been working together with other local conservation NGOs, Nature Resources Conservation Agency, and private sectors through their corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs to set up anoa sanctuaries. Also, to organize outreach activities to raise social awareness of this charismatic animal. Increasing the anoa population depends on the continuity of these concerted efforts and regional regulations should be created to improve anoa conservation programs.
Conservation strategy for Taxus sumatrana, a species with limited geographical distribution yet limitless benefit and economic value
Authors: Novriyanti E , Susilo A
Published: August 2020

Taxus sumatrana is a pharmacologically essential tree species that have not yet adequately studied and commercially utilized in Indonesia yet recently was added in the List of Protected Plants and Animals by the government of Indonesia. This paper discussed the conservation strategy of the paradox situation. Protected species yet has not been utilized. T. sumatrana in Indonesia is distributed in a confined range of geographical areas and with particular environmental requirements. T. sumatrana allegedly occurs along unexplored Bukit Barisan Mountains. Biologically, the species is a slow-growing dioecious tree with prolonging seed dormancy period, lack of suitable regeneration site, leading to low generation capacity creating population dominated by tree stage with barely pole sapling and seedling. Genetically, the species own insignificant differences among the population. Strategy to conserve T. sumatrana should include an in-depth exploration of T. sumatrana in the natural habitat, improvement of regeneration capacity, revitalization and development of reserves based on genetic information, cultivation and development of plantation for sustainable utilization, campaign and promotion on sustainable utilization, stakeholder networking, and capacity building.
Surface runoff and erosion on various sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes) – based agroforestry patterns in small scale private forest, Sumber Urip Village, Blitar, East Java
Authors: Pratiwi P , Mindawati N , Tyasmoro S Y
Published: August 2020

Indonesia is still facing several problems concerning to degraded land. These problems often a result of surface runoff and erosion. The intensity of surface runoff and erosion depended on one of the others is soil cover. Research on surface runoff and erosion on various sengon-based agroforestry pattern has been conducted to address this challenge. Plots of various patterns are as follow A: sengon plantation; B: sengon + coffee + gamal + cassava + cowpea; C: sengon + coffee + gamal + cacao + corn +cowpea; D: sengon + coffee + gamal + ginger + cowpea; E: sengon + coffee + gamal + ginger + corn + cowpea; F: reeds (control). The results show that agroforestry patterns are very effective in reducing soil surface runoff and erosion. The B pattern was considered as the best combination compared to the other combinations in this research. The decrease in the surface runoff and erosion rate was 74.33% and 63.42%, respectively. While the highest surface runoff and erosion occur in the D pattern, which was given the surface runoff and erosion value of 565.6 mm/ha/year and 3.4 ton/ha/year, respectively.
Reforestation by direct seeding of Gmelina arborea using seed briquettes: Composition, size and site preparation, and sowing date
Authors: Sudrajat D J , Rustam E
Published: August 2020

Direct seeding is a promising technique for reforestation, but it has been poorly studied in tropical forests. The research aims to assess the briquette composition, size and site preparation, and sowing date on the seedling survival and early growth ofGmelina arboreadirect seeding at 12 months in Parung Panjang, Bogor. The briquette was printed using some materials, i.e., soil, compost, charcoal, lime and tapioca as a glue, and tested in a greenhouse to obtain the optimal seed germination. The complete randomized design was used to assess the optimum seed briquette composition on germination parameters in the greenhouse, while a randomized block design was used to assess the eight combinations of briquette sizes and site preparation techniques on the seedling survival and growth. The briquette composition of soil 10%, compost 45%, rice husk charcoal 35%, lime 5%, and tapioca 5% resulted in the best germination capacity (78.5%) and other germination parameters.Gmelina arboreaseed briquette, which had the size of diameter 5 cm and thickness 3 cm sowed by land clearing and briquette burial, showed the highest seedling survival (56.8%) and growth (seedling height 120.32 cm and diameter 15.92 mm) compared to other sizes. The sowing date also significantly influenced the survival of direct seeding. The application on the early-middle rainy season (the middle of December) was optimal for direct seeding because of the stable rainy frequency in Parung Panjang, Bogor. This study supports the use of direct seeding of the species being studied, but the methods could be improved to include a more significant number of species.
A sustainable community empowerment model of Giam Siak Kecil - Bukit Batu Biosphere Reserve Area, Riau Province
Authors: Gevisioner  , Rasyid T H , Arbaini  , Saghita E P
Published: August 2020

Sustainable development is at the core of the conceptual approach of biosphere reserves, so the objectives of biodiversity conservation must be in line with economic development, cultural enrichment, and the involvement of local communities. Community activities in the Giam Siak Kecil - Bukit Batu (GSKBB) biosphere reserve area have affected its ecosystem changes. The purpose of this study was to develop a model of sustainable community empowerment around the biosphere reserve area. Data collection was done through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, while data analysis was conducted with a qualitative approach. The results showed that the institutional management of community empowerment in buffer villages was still stagnant and not dynamic, so that community empowerment programs from the economic, social, cultural, and political sectors did not develop massively. Factors that hinder the management of community empowerment institutions in buffer villages are limited human resources, transportation facilities and information, the principle of cooperation that begins to fade, and the existence of institutions that are only formalities. The research concluded that the model of innovative collaboration in community empowerment institutional management is a suitable model to be applied in the GSKBB biosphere reserve area.
Livelihoods survival strategy of sharecropper household in Sumbawa District, West Nusa Tenggara and Tasikmalaya Districts, West Java
Authors: Diniyatiand D , Achmad B
Published: August 2020

Sharecroppers need their own strategy of livelihood survival due to low income from the farming of dry land and paddy field. This paper aims to evaluate the strategy of livelihoods survival of farmers at two research plots located in Cukangkawung village, Tasikmalaya District and Labuhan Badas Village, Sumbawa Districts. The research Ade was conducted in February and April 2017. The data were collected through observation and interviews with 30 farmers in Cukangkawung and 30 farmers in Labuhan Badas and analyzed descriptively. The result revealed that farmers in both locations showed different strategies of livelihood survival, although identical in characteristic. It was due to tenurial factors. The Cukangkawung’s farmers practice agroforestry in both village and private lands, while the Labuhan Badas farmers only in the state land. The Cukangkawung’s farmers earned income by implementing a set of strategies by intensifying and extensively farming business, increase value-added, get a transfer from children, and make an investment, while Labuhan Badas farmers neither able to intensify farming business nor increase added value. They also decrease the consumption of food, clothing, and medicines. They broaden friendship, create brotherhood, and help each other to make lending and borrowing money easier. It is strongly recommended for local government to facilitate farmers to access the new business center through training, business meeting, and linking to the market to improve farmer livelihood.
Kebun-Ghepang: ecological and institutional reference for social forestry at highlands of Sumatra
Authors: Martin E , Herdiana N , Nurlia A , Premono B T
Published: August 2020

The government has granted Social Forestry (SF) management licenses since 2014, in the Village Forest and Community Forestry scheme, for communities around the forest in the highlands of South Sumatra. However, until early 2019, most of the SF groups still did not have a concept or vision of what was to be designed. The work area of SF is generally a stretch of monoculture coffee plantations. Within the frame of a sustainable forest management system, they are confused about making plans and actions. We conducted action research at two Village Forest groups in Muara Enim, South Sumatra, to encourage the implementation of independent SF. We use Vayda’s progressive contextualization research approach. We found the desire of farmers to makeKebun-Ghepangin the SF work area, not just tree planting activities, as requested by the forester.Ghepangis a term of the Besemah ethnic people for fruit gardens that resemble forests, generally dominated by durian trees.Ghepangis a legacy of ancestors. Kebun-ghepang is an imagined forest by both the local community and foresters. The formation and conception of Kebun Ghepang would be an ecological and institutional reference in managing and building SF work areas, as analyzed in this paper.
Strategy option to improve income sustainability of private forest farmer in Ciamis District, West Java
Authors: Achmad B , Diniyati D
Published: August 2020

Traditional farmers often show illogical behavior to manage their private forests. They heavily depend on forest products, but some of them are unwilling to maintain the forest properly. This discrepancy led the economic contribution of forest products to farmer incomes to fall into a subsistence level. The private forest is also characterized by a low absorption capacity of the laborer, which makes the target decrease of unemployed farmers hard to achieve. Regarding this condition, the government should make a strategy to intensify on-farm management as well as to improve farmers’ capacity. This study was conducted in Ciamis District through an interview of 13 key persons. Collected data were then analyzed using the SWOT approach. The research proposed a set of strategies that the government should provide a guide about agroforestry system based on elevation range and management unit, which has a potential product with high economic and environmental values, to meet the increasing market demand of timber. Also, farm laborers around the forest should be trained and introduced with the technology to inspire them to create a new source of income. Technology has to be considered as the primary reference at any program related to private forest development to improve the forest roles in solving the problem of the unemployed farm laborer. The government also has to facilitate forest product processing to gain added value.
Empowerment effort for surrounding forest community living in the buffer zone and traditional zone at Bukit Tigapuluh National Park (BTNP)
Authors: Yunianto A S
Published: August 2020

The current condition of Bukit Tigapuluh National Park (BTNP) is far from the standard function of a national park, as defined in Law no 5/1990, regarding biodiversity conservation and its ecosystem. The condition influences all organisms (flora and fauna) and surrounding forest communities who depend on the existence of BTNP. One solution that can be offered to tackle the situation is by providing empowerment programs for the local community who live near the national park to optimize the use of their local wisdom. Methods used in this study is an in-depth interview. The result of this study shows that area near the national park has a high potential to develop Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) commodity, especially for honey bee cultivation. As a result, in 4 months of honey bee development program, the community could harvest 14.95 kg of honey from 57 boxes of species Trigona sp. Honey bee produced in the traditional zone is more productive than that in the buffer zone area. The government needs to prepare sustainable programs of community empowerment by improving the productivity of NTFPs. The increasing community involvement in forest management and revitalization is needed to restore the function of the forest area.
In vitro propagation of white mahang (Macaranga hypoleuca (Reichb.f.et Zoll.) Mull Arg.)
Authors: Nuroniah H S , Bogidarmanti R
Published: August 2020

White mahang (Macaranga hypoleuca Mull.Arg) is considered as an alternative species for light construction and traditional medicine. In vitro propagation, it has been attempted through series of in vitro propagation protocols, i.e., explant sterilization, shoots multiplication, root induction, and acclimatization using terminal and axillary buds explants. WPM basal medium supplemented by plant growth regulators BAP (cytokinin group), NAA and IBA (auxin group) were used for shoot regeneration studies. Various concentration of BAP (0, 0.5, 1 mg l−1), IBA (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 mg l−1) and NAA (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 m l−1) were tested for shoot induction and elongation. Interaction between BAP concentration and explant types, both those taken from apex- and axillary- buds showed significant differences for shoot induction and elongation. The highest number of shoots were resulted from the WPM media containing BAP (0.5 mg l−1), while the addition of IBA (0.5-1.0 mg l−1) and NAA (0.01-0.1 mg l−1) combined with BAP (0-1.0 mg l−1) produced a high percentage of callus (> 60%). In vitro, rooting was induced on half-strength MS media supplemented with IBA (1 mg l−1). The regenerated shoots with developed root systems were successfully acclimatized and established in pots containing sand and compost (3:1).
Ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) cultivation: A short review
Authors: Suhartati  , Alfaizin D
Published: August 2020

Ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) is an endemic tree species of Sulawesi. Based on the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, it is one of the protected tree species and listed in IUCN Red List under the category of vulnerable. This species is well known for its beautiful and luxurious wood. In practice, natural forests dominated by Diospyros can be managed using the Indonesian Selective Logging System (TPTI). The purpose of this paper was to determine the cultivation and management techniques of ebony plants in order to establish ebony plantations and their conservation strategy. Data were collected based on primary field observation and review of previous research written by other authors. Direct field observations were conducted to collect data on the management of seed, scarification techniques, germination, and seedling growth increment (height and diameter), while secondary data were collected from Diospyros-related studies. From the study, it was identified that the best time to produce fruit for the species was between September - November, with a germination rate, was up to 94.67%. The recommended parent trees should be over 20 years old. Seedlings were weaned when having 2 - 4 leaves with compost enriched with NPK as the best planting media. The seedling can be moved to the planting location after the age of 8-9 months with weeding as the initial treatment. The optimum growth for nine-year-old Ebony trees may reach 6.5 m in height and 6.63 cm in diameter and this growth may still be seen for 12 years old trees that showed 9 m in height and 12.81 cm in diameter. Based on this optimum growth, it is prospective to establish ebony plantation and or enrichment planting as long as the silvicultural aspect described in this study was used as a basic guideline.
Flower and fruit development and flower-visiting insects of gmelina (Gmelina arborea roxb.)
Authors: Pramono A A , Rustam E , Syamsuwida D , Putri K P , Djam’an D F , Pujiastuti E
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the research was to identify flower development and fruit formation as well as identification of flower-visiting insects as potential pollinators. Observations carried out in three sample trees, and five flowering branches at each sample tree were marked. We also carried out the identification of flower-visiting insects, foraging behavior, visiting rate, number of visiting insects, and time of flower visit. The results showed that in one year, 2-3 reproductive cycles might occur, which one cycle lasted about 1-2 months. In a panicle of flowers, flower buds, flower bursts and fruitlets are found simultaneously. The panicle has 5-34 flower buds. The development of buds to panicle formation takes 5-7 days, while the time required for flower and fruit development from generative buds up to yellow fruit was in a range between 38 to 67 days or 1 to 2 months. The total reproductive success of sample trees was varying from 12% to 17%. The most dominant flowers-visiting insects and alleged as pollinators ofG. arboreais a carpenter bee (Xylocopa latipes) that actively visiting flowers at 8:00 until 11:00 am. Insect visited about 5 to 20 flower panicles with an average of 11 flower panicles per minute.
Level of damage on sengon stand based on tree vitality indicators at sengon community forest in Serang District, Banten Province
Authors: Putri K P , Yulianti  , Zanzibar M , Danu
Published: August 2020

Sengon plantation is the primary commodity of the community forests, which produces timber with high economic value, especially in Java Island. However, now the condition of sengon stands in Java Island, pests and diseases have attacked most. The information about the health and the severity of the stands due to pests and diseases is beneficial for determining stand productivity and investment security. The purpose of this activity is to determine the level of damage on sengon stands at various locations in Serang Regency, Banten, based on indicators of tree vitality. The method used to determine stand health is Forest Health Monitoring (FHM), which includes using tree vitality indicators and site quality indicators as a basis for assessment. The observation plot was carried out at 3 locations determined purposively based on the flat distance from the beach, which is ≤ 2 km; 2> X≤ 4 km; 4> X ≤6 km. The results showed that the average percentage of healthy sengon trees was still quite high (82.7%), but the level of damage to stands was moderate. The most common type of damage is gummosis (distance ≤ 2 km and > 4-6 km) and boktor (> 2-4 km). Many tree damage occurs in the main branch location found in the live canopy section (code 6), especially in plots that are 2> X≤ 4 km from the coastline and lower stem (distance ≤ 2 km). However, no damage was found at the root location (code 1), shoots (code 8) and leaves (code 9). The damage of the stem causes a decrease in wood production because the damaged at part of the stem cannot be used anymore. Visual Crown Ratio of sengon trees tends to be low due to young trees so that the canopy is not maximal. Maintenance activities, as well as mixed planting techniques with intercropping plants and other woody plants, can prevent sengon plants from attacking pests and diseases.
The development of pepper (Piper nigrum L.) foot rot disease on agroforestry
Authors: Suhaendah E , Fauziyah E , Manurung G E S
Published: August 2020

Pepper foot rot is one of the most destructive diseases. There were three cropping patterns in the research area, i.e., agroforestry, pepper-cocoa and pepper monoculture patterns. As one of the most common cropping patterns, the observation of foot rots in the agroforestry pattern compared to other cropping patterns. The study was conducted in Simbune Village, East Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, from October 2013 to September 2014. The research was conducted by direct observation methods. In each cropping pattern, a permanent measurement plot was made by sampling 30% of the total pepper individuals. The intensity of the disease was observed monthly for 12 months. The observation revealed that the intensity of foot rot disease was getting more severe toward the end of observation. The intensity on agroforestry (26% - 33%) and pepper-cocoa (17% - 35%) patterns were lower than that on pepper monoculture pattern (85% - 90%). The infection rate was lowest on the agroforestry pattern with a value of 0.051. This finding suggested that the agroforestry pattern for pepper showed the best resilience against foot rot disease.
Growth performance of Falcataria moluccana in the mixed cropping pattern and its severity from Gall-rust disease: A case study in Ciamis, West Java
Authors: Dendang B , Sudomo A
Published: August 2020

Monoculture Falcataria moluccana plantation managed by local communities in Ciamis – West Java, is facing a gall-rust disease caused by fungal pathogen Uromycladium tepperianum. A mixed planting crops system is considered less vulnerable to pests and disease problems. In addition, it is possible to increase the productivity of community forest plantations. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of mixed-crops plantation on the productivity of F. moluccana and the incidence and severity of gall-rust in the plantation. Then it will be compared to the existed monoculture F. moluccana plantation in the area, that was established two years before. The mixed-crop consisted of F. moluccana, Acacia mangium, and Gmelina arborea. These were alternately planted in three different rows with three replications. The observations of growth increments as well as incidence and severity of gall-rust were carried out in 1.5 years after planting. The results showed that the annual height- and diameter- increments of F. moluccana in the mixed-crop plot were 331.2 cm and 2.77 cm, respectively. Meanwhile, the results in the monoculture plot were 325.62 cm and 2.64 cm. The survival rates of F. moluccana in both planting patterns were slightly different (85.3% and 88%). Gall-rust incidence and severity were only observed in the F. moluccana monoculture plot, i.e., 0.15% and 0.48%, respectively. The mixed-planting crops system seems possible to be applied for controlling the gall-rust disease that attacked the F. moluccana stands. Further research on comparing the similar ages of mono- and mixed- cultures of F. moluccana in different locations were suggested.
Effect of POE on mechanical properties and cellular structure of PP/Nano-CaCO3 composites in IMD/MIM process
Authors: Mao Huajie , Cheng Yi , Guo Wei , Meng Zhenghua , Wei Wenting , Hua Lin , Yang Qing
Published: August 2020

Nano-CaCO3 can effectively improve the strength of foamed Polypropylene (PP), ethylene-octene copolymer (POE) can greatly enhance the toughness of PP, and PP-g-MAH can improve the compatibility of Nano-CaCO3 with PP. The supercritical fluid-nitrogen (N2) was used as physical foaming agent, and the PET film was selected to study the effect of POE content on the mechanical properties and cellular structure of PP/nano-CaCO3 blends during combined in-mold decoration and microcellular injection molding (IMD/MIM) process. The results showed that the addition of POE did improve the impact strength of PP/nano-CaCO3 composites, while the tensile strength and flexural strength decreased. On account of the characteristics of POE, the melt strength change of PP/nano-CaCO3 blend system after POE’s addition was studied. The melt strength of the blend system decreased at first and then increased. It can be found that POE distributed uniformly in PP, and POE particle size decreased with the increase of POE content. Besides, it was revealed that POE could improve the cellular structure of the vertical section and the parallel section. The mechanical properties and cellular structure were optimized when 10% POE was added.
Introducing S-RILS and D-RILS as refractive index limited optical biosensors in multiple nanolayers
Authors: Bouzari Nasrin , Amjad Jafar Mostafavi , Mohammadkhani Ramin , Jahanshahi Peyman
Published: August 2020

The amplitude and phase sensitivities of a sensor with a multiple nanolayers consisting of gold-silicon dioxide-gold (Au-SiO2-Au) are investigated. The proposed sensor has the ability to limit to the certain regions of the sensing medium refractive index n

s
. The number of these regions can be increased by increasing the thickness of the silicon dioxide layer (

d

SiO

2

). The results show that for the

d

SiO

2

=
200

nm

the sensitivity has a nearly Gaussian in shape which its position depends on the refractive index of the prism n

p
. This type of sensor is introduced as a singlet refractive index limited sensor (S-RILS) that is useful tool in the detection of the target sample optical properties with certain refractive indices. It is found that two nearly Gaussian curves are generated in the amplitude and phase sensitivities for the

d

SiO

2

=
450

nm

, which is introduced as a doublet refractive index limited sensor (D-RILS). The optical properties of the mixture samples can be detected by D-RILS, in while the S-RILS is used to detect the optical properties of single samples. The efficiency of the sensors can be improved by adding the titanium or titanium-graphene layers. The results exhibit that the optimal amplitude and phase sensitivities occur for multiple nanolayers (Ti-Au-SiO2-Ti-Au).
Deep-patterning of complex oxides by focused ion beam with PMMA-assisted hybrid protective layer
Authors: Shiue Jessie , Kuo Pai-Chia
Published: August 2020

Studying novel properties of complex oxides in nanoscale has become a popular research interest. Nanofabrication of complex oxides without damaging its intrinsic structure, however, is still challenging. In this work, we investigated the commonly used focused ion beam (FIB) technique for deep-patterning SrTiO3 (STO) using Cr as a surface protective layer and found that it was insufficient in protecting STO against the damage caused by the FIB beam tail effect. We further developed a new method for effectively deep-patterning STO using FIB. Our approach adopted a hybrid surface layer of Cr and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to protect the STO surface during the FIB milling process against the damage caused by the beam tail. This PMMA-assisted hybrid protective layer can effectively prevent the damage resulting from the energetic ion beam, as verified by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy characterization. It was found that PMMA is not spun off during the FIB process but forms bubbles and likely absorbs the energy from the ion beam during this process. At the same time, a thin Cr layer of this hybrid served as a charge-releasing path and kept the patterning precise. This mechanism is very different from simply using Cr as a scarifying surface layer for ion bombardment.
A thin transferable blue light-emitting diode by electrochemical lift-off
Authors: Hou Yaonan , Wang Yong , Ai Qingkang
Published: August 2020

We demonstrate a transferable blue light-emitting diode (LED) fabricated using a cost-effective approach. By means of solution-based electrochemical etching, an ultrathin free-standing membrane can be obtained from a commercial III-nitride LED wafer. The membrane, containing a full LED structure (including p-/n-type layers and multiple quantum wells) epitaxially grown on a sapphire substrate, is transferable to foreign substrates with a simple lift-off process facilitated by electrochemical etching. After fabrication, optical properties of the thin film are massively improved, accompanied by a 17-fold enhanced photoluminescence normal to the film surface. Prototype transferable blue LEDs are realized on both a copper-coated glass substrate and a polypropylene substrate. The devices exhibit a high performance with bright emission at 447 nm under electrical injection at room temperature.
Maternal Prenatal Smoking and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring: A California Statewide Cohort and Sibling Study
Authors: von Ehrenstein Ondine S , Cui Xin , Yan Qi , Aralis Hilary , Ritz Beate
Published: August 2020

We examined associations between maternal smoking and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children in a statewide population-based cohort and sibling-comparison design using California birth records (n = 2,015,104) with information on maternal smoking, demographic factors, and pregnancy (2007–2010). ASD cases (n = 11,722) were identified through California Department of Developmental Services records with diagnoses based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–IV-TR. We estimated odds ratios for ASD with and without intellectual disability in the full cohort using logistic regression and in a sibling comparison using conditional logistic regression. In the full cohort, the adjusted odds ratio for ASD and maternal smoking 3 months before/during pregnancy compared with nonsmoking was 1.15 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.26), and it was similar in cases with (odds ratio = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.84, 1.49) and without intellectual disability (odds ratio = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.27). Heavy prenatal smoking (≥20 cigarettes/day in any trimester) was related to an odds ratio of 1.55 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.98). In the sibling comparison, the odds ratio for heavy smoking was similarly elevated but the confidence interval was wide. Our findings are consistent with an increased risk for ASD in offspring of mothers who smoked ≥20 cigarettes/day during pregnancy; associations with lighter smoking were weaker.