bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stock Market Portfolio Prediction Using Machine Learning
Authors: Venkatesan Srinjay , Sanjay Kumar S. , Kutty Geo Shaji
Published: February 2023

A Stock refers to a share of ownership in a particular company. An investor owns 1 percent of the company if they purchase one part of its ownership divided into 100 parts, each equal to one share. Stock exchanges are run by an automated matching system driven by order demand. Stock prices are defined as “at any particular time, how many buyers and sellers available for the same stock in the market. If the number of buyers is more than sellers, then stock price becomes high” and vice-versa. The stock market depends on many factors like open price, close price, high and low price. Many researchers have tried to predict the stock prices using various ML (machine learning) techniques such as ARIMA model, linear regression, RNN, etc. Because of the uncertainty in stock market, simple models cannot yield any genuine results. The limitations with models like ARIMA, TSLM have been traced in this paper. This paper builds a web application using a library named Streamlit and integrate the stock prediction model. The main objective of this paper is to build a LSTM (Long-Short Term Memory) based RNN (Recurrent Neural Network) model using opening prices in order to get one of the most accurate stock rates.
Software Bugs Detection Using Supervised Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Shah Manthan , Sharma Ayushi , Kumar Rizon
Published: February 2023

A software bug is some sort of a fault in the source code or a computer program. These bugs work in unusual and unintended ways which is a serious problem for a programmer and the company. Detecting bugs in software has been tried and tested through multiple means, the most recent of which is Machine Learning algorithms. Using a revolutionary dataset consisting of real software code snippets of the C language into key values, we were able to train the algorithms based on numerical parameters. This in turn simplified our algorithmic process. Furthermore, we run multiple classification algorithms to gain precision, recall and Fn scores, and improve upon these scores using key hyperparameter tuning techniques. Our observations revealed an increase in accuracy and were able to create an end module which can directly take the source code as an input from which the metrics and features are extracted and give the output if the code has a software bug or not.
Classification of Covid-19 X-Ray Images Using Fuzzy Gabor Filter and DCNN
Authors: Sandhiyaa S. , Shabana J. , Ravi Shankar K. , Jothikumar C.
Published: February 2023

The rapid growth in Covid-19 cases increases the burden on health care services all over the world. Hence, a quicker and accurate diagnosis of this disease is essential in this situation. To get quick and accurate results, X-ray images are commonly used. Deep Learning (DL) techniques have reached a high position since they provide accurate results for medical imaging applications and regression problems. However the pre-processing methods are not successful in eliminating the impulse noises and the feature extraction technique involving filtering methods did not yield good filter response. In this paper, Covid-19 X-ray images were classified using the Fuzzy Gabor filter and Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN). Initially the Chest X-ray images are pre-processed using Median Filters. After pre-processing, a Fuzzy Gabor filter is applied for feature extraction. Local vector features were first extracted from the given image using the Gabor filter, taking these vectors as observations. The orientation and wavelengths of the Gabor filter were fuzzified to improve the filter response. The extracted features are then trained and classified using the DCNN algorithm. It classifies the chest X-ray images into three categories that includes Covid-19, Pneumonia and normal. Experimental results have shown that the proposed Fuzzy Gabor-CNN algorithm attains highest accuracy, Precision, Recall and F1-score when compared to existing feature extraction and classification techniques.
An Applied Computational Linguistics Approach to Clustering Scientific Research Papers
Authors: Vora Amaan , Mishra Mihika , Muthukumar Steffina
Published: February 2023

Scientific data available on the internet is rarely labelled. Most popular research paper repository sites contain papers without any annotation for grouping data. Classification of text via words, sentences and even paragraphs has become a key resource for a lot of industries looking to help their computers understand human language – the next stage in Artificial Intelligence. Using valuable Computational Linguistics ideas, some industrial applications have been able to streamline their processes to effectively and efficiently process and interpret language data. Continuing in this trend, in this paper, we aim to effectively clustering scientific research papers into topic-based differentiators, in the most efficient manner. Using multiple algorithms that have revolutionized the industry in the previous years, we compute over 800,000 entries of scientific research articles across 200+ domains that have been uploaded to accurately predict domains for each of these articles. We use clustering techniques like the K-Means algorithm to derive the topics for these papers with an accuracy of nearly 80%. We also use BERT to create topic clusters that generate topics based on frequently occurring contexts within the text. Beyond BERT, we use offspring algorithms that tackle specific, niche issues that BERT does not account for. We also fine-tune the parameters of the algorithms used to generate over 50 stronger topics that more accurately define scientific articles.
Financial Time Series Analysis and Forecasting with Statistical Inference and Machine Learning
Authors: Vishnu Sarvesh , Uma M.
Published: February 2023

Time series data and its practical applications lie across diverse domains: Finance, Medicine, Environment, Education and more. Comprehensive analysis and optimized forecasting can help us understand the nature of the data and better prepare us for the future. Financial Time series data has been a heavily researched subject in the present and in the previous decades. Statistics, Machine Learning (ML) & Deep Learning (DL) models have been implemented to forecast the stock market and make data informed decisions. However, these methods have not been thoroughly explored, analysed in context of the Indian Stock Market. In this paper we attempt to implement evaluate the avant-garde statistical, machine learning methods for Financial Time Series Analysis & Forecasting on Indian Stock Market Data.
A Novel Analysis of Employee Attrition Rate by Maneuvering Machine Learning
Authors: Lalitha V. , Prithiv Raj S. , Lokesh P.
Published: February 2023

Employee attrition rate in Tech industry has become dreadful day by day in all over the world. Meanwhile It has been noticed that churn (attrition) rate in IT industries is growing rapidly than expected especially during pandemic times. This is taken as a foremost issue by each tech industry, to analyze and adapt to the change. The main snag is that, the expenditure of recruiting on a new employee is foremost ineffective than retaining a company trained professional employee. Also retaining an employee will assure certain credibility and work culture of the company than the new employee. Also, the latter will be given access to training modules and code of conduct of the company with lots of Information Overload on a short span of time. It is essential to mention, not every organization has comprehensive training programs for their employees, especially the start-up tech firms, which focuses heavily on skilled workers with experience beforehand. This anonymity causes HR departments to scrutinize and tweak their actions according to current trend in the market. The major goal of this study is to make predictions whether the skillful employee will quit or continue further and predict the reason for quit using supervised classification and machine learning algorithms. Acquainting the human resource team to help them with the required analytics to make decisions based on machine learning.
Real-Time Car Sharing and Car Rental Portal
Authors: Singh Ankit Kumar , Naren V. , Thillak R.S. , Anand G. Paavai
Published: February 2023

This portal represents the implementation of a car rental & pooling system. High traffic congestion is one of the issue which is faced by people in their day to day life. Carpooling system may help in reducing unnecessary traffic on roads. Sometime higher authorities encourages people to use carpool system during the period whenever there is a hike in the prices of petroleum products or when the pollution level of that state is going beyond the maximum limits. The main objective of this carpooling system will to enable different persons living in an area to use this system to minimize monthly expenses, no tension of hiring a car at higher cost. The portal aims to create a hybrid link between Car sharing services and Car rental services under the same roof. The car-sharing service enables you to connect and organize passengers for a shared ride in a very short time. Arrangements to combine cars among 2 or even more unrelated people traveling to work or school have not changed in the past. Real-Time Carpooling is based on the use and integration of multiple technologies and provides for more flexible shared trips by allowing riders and drivers to agree on sharing journeys in advance or in the short term. Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm have been used in a separate route tab.
Secret Sharing Scheme with Fingerprint Authentication
Authors: Sarangaraja A.P. , Rajagopalan D. , Vignesh A. , Fathimal P. Mohamed
Published: February 2023

Medical imaging is very important in medical diagnosis. X-rays, ultrasound images, CT scans, brain pictures, and patient mri images are examples of images that contain sensitive information. However, poor communication channels and loopholes in hospital and medical centre storage systems risk accessing these images by unauthorised individuals who utilise them for nefarious purposes other than diagnostics. Image encryption is a common strategy for enhancing the integrity of communication and storage channels for protecting medical images from unauthorized access. This task proposes a biometrics-based method of secret sharing. Instead of sharing secrets between participants as in encryption, the biometric properties of participants create a single biometric configuration. If the biometric vaults are verified for the required number of actual during the authentication process, participants must provide a valid encryption key from the configuration is disclosed.
Rock, Paper and Scissor Using AI- Random Forest Algorithm
Authors: Murukesh Aadhithya , Logeshwari R.
Published: February 2023

Rock, paper, scissors (RPS) is a game of crucial decision-making that can be used to test various learning algorithms due to its simplicity. Random Forest is a Rock Paper Scissors Agent that makes predictions using the Random Forest Classification with a bit of random. The randomness on this agent has been limited only while losing (and partially due to window length), displaying the algorithm's true potential. A simulation of various AI agents is developed to compare and analyze against the Random forest algorithm.
Human Lives Matter: Intelligent Transport System for Protecting Human Lives
Authors: Satya M. Siva Reddy , Bharathi Gopalsamy N.
Published: February 2023

The major goal of this smart helmet is to reduce the number of people who die in bike accidents. Unless the ignition system is turned off, it is mandatory to wear a helmet. For this using the Raindrop wiper mechanism technology, Alcohol sensor and also going to use light indicators which gives an automatic indication when the rider turns left or right. All these activities will be monitored and each status will be updated in the web page using IOT. This helmet can decrease the number of deaths on the road and can provide a safe ride.
Regularized CNN Model for Image Forgery Detection
Authors: Kumar Amit , Tiwari Namita , Chawla Meenu
Published: February 2023

Digital images play a very important role in different areas in the modern technological scenario. Changing and manipulating the content of the digital image is a very easy task by using powerful image editing tools. In today's technology environment, digital photographs serve a critical function in a variety of fields. Using advanced image editing tools, changing and rearranging the content of a digital image is a simple operation. It is now possible to add, edit, or remove essential aspects from an image despite leaving any perceptible alterations. In addition to determining if the picture is authentic or forged, the metadata of the image may be examined, however, metadata can be altered. In this example, the authors use Error Level Analysis on each picture and matching parameters for error rate analysis to detect images of modifications using Deep Learning on a dataset of a false image and real photos. This experiment shows that by running through 100 epochs, we obtain the best training accuracy of 99.17 % and 95.11 % of accuracy validating.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy after Takeuchi procedure for anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery syndrome
Authors: Aydin Derya , Dogan Eser , Levent Ertürk
Published: February 2023

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) syndrome is a rare condition. Surgical intervention is indicated in all diagnosed patients. Successful repair is expected to correct left ventricle (LV) functions and heart failure, reduce mitral regurgitation, and resolve infarct patterns observed on electrocardiogram. For this reason, compared to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, ALCAPA is considered a curable form of dilated cardiomyopathy. In this article, we present the case of 3-month-old girl who underwent the Takeuchi procedure for ALCAPA syndrome and developed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy despite expectations of improved LV function.
Sedimentological infill of the Middle Triassic half-graben below Mt. Vernar in Julian Alps, Slovenia
Authors:   Department of Geology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University in Ljubljana, Slovenia, Gale Luka ,   Geological Survey of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Kadivec Katarina ,   Department of Geology, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; IRGO Consulting d.o.o., Ljubljana, Slovenia, Vrabec Marko ,   Department of Geology, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, Celarc Bogomir ,   Geological Survey of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Published: February 2023

Early beginnings of the Middle Triassic extension in the areas surrounding the western embayment of the Neotethys are evidenced in formation of small half-graben basins, local emergences of the underlying platform, and/or deposition of coarse-grained breccia. The succession related to the creation and infilling of one of these half-grabens is exposed on the slopes of the base of Mt. Vernar in eastern Julian Alps, Slovenia. The lowermost exposed unit within the half-graben is the Uggowitz Breccia, which attains thickness of up to 150 m. It is followed by a few tens of meters of red nodular limestone (the informal 'Vernar member'), followed by the second, thinner Uggowitz Breccia unit, succeeded by sandstone and sandy limestone (the informal “Krma member”), rich in shallow marine foraminifers and plant material. The basin-filling succession is followed by indistinctly bedded and then massive limestone of the Schlern Formation. Late Anisian (Ilyrian) age is assumed for the sediments of the half-graben based on the clast composition and comparison with regional sequence stratigraphic schemes. Breccias likely deposited in shallow marine or marginal marine setting. Individual beds are interpreted as subaqueous debris-flow deposits.
Оптимальные реализации графов с заданными мерами связности
Authors: Abrosimov Mikhail Borisovich , Terebin Bogdan Andreevich
Published: February 2023

Вершинной связностью $k(G)$ графа $G$ называется наименьшее число вершин, удаление
которых приводит к несвязному или тривиальному графу, т.е. к графу с одной вершиной.
Реберной связностью $\lambda(G)$ нетривиального графа $G$ называется наименьшее количество
ребер, удаление которых приводит к несвязному графу. Вершинная связность $k(G)$, реберная
связность $\lambda(G)$ и минимальная степень вершины $\delta(G)$ графа связаны неравенством,
которое было найдено Уитни в 1932 году: $k(G) \leq \lambda(G) \leq \delta(G)$. Позднее
Чартрэнд и Харари доказали, что для любых натуральных чисел $a$, $b$, $c$, таких что
$0 < a \leq b \leq c$, существует граф $G$, у которого $k(G)=a$, $\lambda(G)=b$,
$\delta(G)=c$. В доказательстве строится семейство графов с указанными выше характеристиками,
каждый из которых имеет $2(c+1)$ вершин и $c(c+1)+b$ ребер. Однако, легко заметить,
что в некоторых случаях можно построить подходящий граф с меньшим числом вершин и ребер.
Например, если $a=b=c$, то соответствующей оптимальной реализацией является полный граф
на $c+ 1$ вершинах. В данной работе рассматривается вопрос минимизации конструкции
Чартрэнда-Харари. Показывается, что при $b=c$ можно построить граф с меньшим числом
вершин. Отдельно рассматриваются четыре случая: $a=b=c$, $a < b < c$, $a=b < c$ и
$a < b=c$. Для каждого случая предлагаются графы с заданными значениями $k(G)=a$,
$\lambda(G)=b$, $\delta(G)=c$ с минимальным числом вершин и с минимальным числом ребер.
Библиография: 6 названий.
Lower limb muscle matters in patients with hypoxic brain injury following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Jang Dong-Hyun , Park Seung Min , Lee Dong Keon , Kim Dong Won , Im Chang Woo , Jo You Hwan , Lee Kui Ja
Published: February 2023

Background: There are conflicting results regarding the association between body mass index and the prognosis of cardiac arrest patients. We investigated the association of the composition and distribution of muscle and fat with neurologic outcomes at hospital discharge in successfully resuscitated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients.Methods: This prospective, single-centre, observational study involved adult OHCA patients, conducted between April 2019 and June 2021. The ratio of total skeletal muscle, upper limb muscle, lower limb muscle, and total fat to body weight was measured using InBody S10, a bioimpedance analyser, after achieving the return of spontaneous circulation. Restricted cubic spline curves with four knots were used to examine the relationship between total skeletal muscle, upper limb muscle, and lower limb muscle relative to total body weight and neurologic outcome at discharge. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess an independent association.Results: A total of 66 patients were enrolled in the study. The proportion of total muscle and lower limb muscle positively correlated with the possibility of having a good neurologic outcome. The proportion of lower limb muscle showed an independent association in the multivariable analysis (adjusted odds ratio, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–13.98), and its optimal cut-off value calculated through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was 23.1%, which can predict a good neurological outcome. Conclusions: A higher proportion of lower limb muscle to body weight was independently associated with the probability of having a good neurologic outcome in OHCA patients.
Adjuvant intravenous immunoglobulin administration on postoperative critically ill patients with secondary peritonitis: a retrospective study
Authors: Choi Young Un , Kim Jun Gi , Jang Ji Young , Go Tae Hwa , Kim Kwangmin , Bae Keum Seok , Shim Hongjin
Published: February 2023

Background: The use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in sepsis patients from bowel perforation is still debatable. However, few studies have evaluated the effect of IVIG as an adjuvant therapy after source control. This study aimed to analyze the effect of IVIG in critically ill patients who underwent surgery due to secondary peritonitis. Methods: In total, 646 medical records of surgical patients who were treated for secondary peritonitis were retrospectively analyzed. IVIG use, initial clinical data, and changes in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score over the 7-day admission in the intensive care unit for sepsis check, base excess, and delta neutrophil index (DNI) were analyzed. Mortalities and periodic profiles were assessed. Propensity scoring matching as comparative analysis was performed in the IVIG group and non-IVIG group. Results: General characteristics were not different between the two groups. The survival curve did not show a significantly reduced mortality in the IVIG. Moreover, the IVIG group did not have a lower risk ratio for mortality than the non-IVIG group. However, when the DNI were compared during the first 7 days, the reduction rate in the IVIG group was statistically faster than in the non-IVIG group (P<0.01). Conclusions: The use of IVIG was significantly associated with faster decrease in DNI which means faster reduction of inflammation. Since the immune system is rapidly activated, the additional use of IVIG after source control surgery in abdominal sepsis patients, especially those with immunocompromised patients can be considered. However, furthermore clinical studies are needed.
Assessment of the Contribution of Environmental Attributes to Residential Property Rental Value in Abuja
Authors: Ayeni O. F. , Kemiki O. A. , Popoola N. I. , Musa H. D.
Published: February 2023

The contribution of environmental attributes in residential price determination is premised on the issue relating to inefficient attributes pricing. The study analysed three environmental attributes such as structural, neighbourhood and natural attributes of the environment with a view to determining its hedonic value upon which residential property price is derived. In order to achieve the aim of the study, a sample size of 2401 was drawn out of 104166 properties using estimation method; 50% estimation rate and precision range of ±4 were adopted in estimating the sample size. The study administered two set of structured questionnaires; one to Estate Surveyor and Valuer firms to collect data on rental values (2008-2019) and second questionnaires were administered on the respondents to collect information on condition of environmental attributes using the census and simple random sampling method technique. Hedonic regression was employed to analyse the data. Environmental attributes were scored based on current condition and ratio scale was used alongside the average property value. The result revealed that neighbourhood attributes contributed between 60.3% -71.6%, natural attributes contributed between 60.3%-71.7% while structural attributes contributed between 66.8%-75.1% in determining the property values across the selected areas. The result of mixed regression analyses further revealed that environmental attributes contributed about 70.1% in determining the value of property in the selected areas. Environmental attributes such as natural and man-made water supply, road, quality wall-structure and floor, landscape, bathroom and streetlight contributed significantly in the determination of property values across the study areas. The study therefore concludes that the value of environmental amenity should be captured in the price of residential properties close to it. It is recommended that every stakeholders in the built environmental advocate for quality and even distribution of common environmental facilities that are key to development of property market in Nigeria.
Radio and Sustainable Food Production in Ghana: Citi Fm’s Local Rice Campaign in Perspective
Authors: Mensah E. O , Da-Costa C. A , Piyuori I , Arkoh M. E. A , Matey O. A , Badu E. N , Tijani S
Published: February 2023

Knowledge on sustainability is essential for behavioural change and sustainable lifestyle aimed at eliminating local and consequently, global challenges. The media, a major social institution charged with the responsibility of protecting public interest and fostering development, has a role through its information service function, to put accurate and relevant information on national issues out there for the consumption of their audiences. It is against this backdrop that this study examined the media as a strategic partner in promoting and sustaining food production in Ghana, using a local rice campaign by Citi FM as a case. Situated within the social responsibility and the agenda setting theories, this study was approached qualitatively, using semi-structured interviews with the Programme Director of Citi FM’s local rice campaign and the Head of Communications at the Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) Office in Ghana. The study found among other things that, promoting agriculture was a core vision of Citi FM, and by this campaign, local rice production and consumption in Ghana was boosted per the strategies and information provided. However, this effort which aimed at improving the economic fortunes of farmers and reducing unemployment led to the FM station losing advertisement from rice importers. This paper recommends governmental support for sustainability focused media organisations, while urging others, especially local language FM stations to be sustainability oriented, and have as their vision, a commitment to promoting local initiative and fostering development to be able to contribute significantly to the global picture of promoting and attaining the SDGs by 2030.
African Traditional Religion and Medicine in Contemporary Times
Authors: Gabriel Independence
Published: February 2023

This paper examines traditional religion and medicine in Africa. Little credence is given to quality healthcare through traditional medicine in Africa and Nigeria to be precise. Every nation is saddled with the responsibility of ensuring quality healthcare delivery for its citizens. Regrettably, as a result of inconsistency in policy, misplacement of priority and corruption, healthcare indices in Nigeria and Africa generally are among the worst globally. Preventable diseases like malaria, diarrhoea, measles, typhoid, tuberculosis, diabetes and hypertension, among others, often lead to avoidable death. These are diseases which traditional medicine had been effectively providing remedies and cure for from timeimmemorial to the present period but this system has been neglected by the government. This is the problem that this study is meant to bring to the fore and thus be solved by proving ways in which traditional medicine can positively impact Nigerian society and Africa at large. Adopting the phenomenological, historical-analytic and direct observation methods, the article covers the use of herbs for healing purposes, medicine men and traditional practice in Africa, aspects of traditional medicine practised in Africa, divination, medicine and healing, medicine and taboo, and traditional medicine in modern society.
Narrative as a Symbolic Social Act: Sexual Bribery and the Pragmatics of Resolution in J. M. Coetzee’s Disgrace and Kunle Afolayan’s Citation
Authors: Sam Christabel Aba
Published: February 2023

This paper explores pragmatic approaches to dealing with issues of sexual harassment within the academy. This is achieved through an analysis of the plot resolutions in two narratives, drawing on Frederic Jameson’s framework of the Political Unconscious. Within this context, the paper examines J. M. Coetzee’s Disgrace and Kunle Afolayan’s Citation asw symbolic acts that explore symbolic resolutions of social contradictions. The selected texts enable a reflection on the BBC’s October 6, 2019 documentary on sex for grades, and nurture a symbolic dimension to appreciating the complexities and power relations in sexual harassment reporting in the academy. The paper demonstrates that the two narratives engage in a broader dialogue with theoretical concepts to speak to the dynamics of mediated sexual scandals.
African Women Performing Men: Subverting Masculinity through Cross-Acting in Selected ABU Studio Theatre Performances
Authors: Ihidero Victor Osae
Published: February 2023

This paper examines the bodily politics of African women performing African men in the Nigerian acting scene. It appraises the complexities in conceptualizing masculinity and cross-acting vis-à-vis gender stereotyping. It argues against the backdrop that the female body is elastic and better positioned for cross-acting than the male body. It draws on the transitory conceptualizations of subversion to claim that the Nigerian female stage actor possesses a fluid ability to play eccentric male roles in ways that express the persona of the African male character. The paper argues that the fluidity of the Nigerian female stage actor is marked by three trimesters or trimetric factors; her innate ability to perform many roles as a woman, her ability to carry other bodies and to endure the pain of it; more so, attended by diverse bodily changes and lastly, her Freudian complex of desiring to become a man in challenging or turbulent situations. It avers that within the precinct of these triadic factors are elements which inhibit and/or propel the Nigerian female acting. The study used two experimental acting workshops from the Ahmadu Bello University Studio Theatre to affirm that the necessity of imaginative disruption in typecasting may be the mother of invention in acting. It concludes that while the African male actor needs an extreme form of physical, social and individual dislocation to effectively play the African woman, the African female actor only needs a supple routine in rehearsals to perform the male character and roles.
Hot water extract from spent mushroom substrate of Ganoderma lucidu m improves immune function in immune deficient mice
Authors: Liu Yanling , Meng Tong , Wang Tong , Li Jing , Zhang Wei , Lin Biaosheng , Chen Jihui , Lin Zhanxi , Lin Biaosheng
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To investigate the effects of hot water extract of the spent mushroom substrate from Ganoderma lucidum (HWE) on the immune functions of immune-deficient mice in the presence or absence of cyclophosphamide.

Methods: The C57BL/6 mice were treated with varying doses of HWE and cyclophosphamide, and the spleen transcriptome was evaluated by high-throughput sequencing. Pathway enrichment analysis was conducted to generate an overview of differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) functions and interactions.

Results: Significant DEGs were observed among the control (CK), normal control (HWE), model (CY), and high-dose HWE (CY + HWEH) groups (p < 0.05). Compared with CK group, HWE and CY + HWEH groups showed upregulation of genes (Alas2, CCNE1, and CCNA2), whereas genes encoding major histocompatibility complex components, costimulatory factors, proinflammatory chemokines, and inflammatory chemokines were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05). Compared with CY group, multiple tumor suppressor and tumorigenesis genes, such as CDKN1A, CDKN1B, MAPK10, and TN-C, were downregulated in CK, HWE, and CY + HWEH groups.

Conclusion: This study highlights changes in the spleen transcriptomic profiles of C57BL/6 mice treated with HWE and CY, indicating that HWE improves immunomodulation in a mouse model with immune deficiency. Hot water extract of the spent mushroom substrate from Ganoderma lucidum (HWE) has potentials as an immune enhancer in immunocompromised patients.
Effect of clopidogrel on post extraction clotting in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy
Authors: Zhang Yaqiong , Zhao Yijie Zhao , Wang Meng , Wang Jiaqi , Yang Zhicheng , Lu Mengmeng
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To evaluate the association between the platelet inhibition rate of clopidogrel (CLO-PIR) and post-extraction clotting status in DAPT patients.

Methods: Ninety (90) eligible patients scheduled for a single tooth extraction were enrolled in this study. The CLO-PIR and platelet inhibition rate of aspirin (ASA-PIR) were determined by thromboelastography platelet mapping assay. Post-extraction clotting assessments were performed, and a complete intra-alveolar clot formation within 30 min post-operation was defined as normal clotting. For clot formation exceeding 30 min, it was defined as prolonged bleeding.

Results: At a similar level of ASA-PIR, a higher proportion of patients with normal CLO-PIR (≤ 75 %) exhibited normal clotting, compared with those featuring high CLO-PIR (>75 %, p < 0.001). However, in patients with similar CLO-PIRs, the clotting results varied insignificantly, with increase in ASA-PIR. The effect of CLO-PIR was further validated using logistic regression analysis (odds ratio = 1.071, 95 % confidence interval: 1.024 - 1.120, p = 0.003), and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that a 78.6 % CLO-PIR was the rational cut-off point.

Conclusion: This study preliminarily demonstrates the prominence of high clopidogrel responsiveness in slowing the post-extraction clotting process in DAPT patients.
Emodin induces osteosarcoma cell apoptosis by promoting ATM protein cleavage
Authors: Liao Ran , Cao Jianfeng
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To investigate the effect of emodin on osteosarcoma cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Methods: The osteosarcoma cell proliferation ability was determined by CCK-8, apoptosis level and cell cycle were determined via flow cytometry. Honechst staining was used to determine the ratio of nuclear pyknosis, Western blotting was used to determine the expression of AKT, p-AKT and caspase-3 precursor protein in each group of osteosarcoma cells.

Results: Emodin significantly inhibited the MG-63 cell proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). It further blocked osteosarcoma cells in G1/G0 phase and decreased the expression of AKT, p-AKT, and caspase-3 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Emodin inhibits osteosarcoma cell growth by inhibiting ATM protein cleavage. There is a need to carry out further investigation of the effect of emodin on osteosarcoma cells using animal models in order to ascertain its potential in the management of osteosarcoma.
Minimally Processed Vegetables: Consumer Profile, Consumption Habits, and Perceptions of Microbiological Risk
Authors:   Dept. of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Pinto Uelinton Manoel ,   Food Research Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Published: February 2023

This study was conducted to characterize the profile of Brazilian consumers of minimally processed vegetables (MPV) by analyzing consumption habits and perceptions of microbiological risk. An online survey with 27 closed-end questions was administered using Google Forms. The survey consisted of questions regarding participants’ demographic characteristics, consumption of fresh vegetables and MPV, and perception of the microbiological risk associated with the consumption of MPV. The majority of the 1,510 participants (77.5%) were women, 42.3% were 26 to 40 years of age, 42.3% were married, 19.7% were students, 54.4% had a graduate degree, and 39.4% had a monthly family income between 5 and 15 times the minimum wage. Most participants (95.3%) reported consuming fresh vegetables, but only 45.4% reported the consumption of MPV. Among MPV consumers, convenience and practicality were the main determining factors (77.8%) in the purchase of these products. The high price of MPV was the main limiting factor (66.4%). Pearson’s chi-square test indicated that only monthly family income was positively associated with the consumption of vegetables and the perception of microbiological risks related to MPV. These data contribute to a better understanding of the profile of Brazilian MPV consumers and will be important as an exposure assessment component of vegetable risk assessment models.
Hilbert, David (1862–1943)
Authors: Detlefsen Michael
Published: February 2023

Hilbert is commonly regarded as one of the two leading mathematicians of the early 20th century, the other being Henri Poincaré (1854–1912). Hilbert made important contributions to a remarkable variety of subjects, including the theory of invariants, algebraic number theory (where he also wrote a widely acclaimed general report, the so-called Zahlbericht (1897)), algebraic geometry, the theory of integral equations and Hilbert spaces, mathematical physics and the foundations of mathematics.

Hilbert’s ideas in the foundations of mathematics were original and influential. The philosophically most significant were those concerning the development of his so-called formalist program. These included most importantly a conception of mathematical proof which allowed for the use of non-contentual, and more specifically symbolic methods of reasoning. By this is meant reasoning which makes no use of interpretations (or contents) of the expressions used in the reasoning. In accordance with this, Hilbert conceived a new plan for consistency proofs, specifically, an alternative to model construction as a means of proving the consistency of arithmetic (specifically, the arithmetic of the real numbers, or analysis). This was Hilbert’s so-called proof theory (Beweistheorie), a plan he had at least vestigially in mind in his early foundational work, and which he and his students developed more fully in later work.

In the summer of 1900 Hilbert addressed the international congress of mathematicians in Paris. In that address, he presented a list of problems for 20th-century mathematics. The second problem on this list called for a proof of consistency for arithmetic (specifically, the arithmetic of the real numbers). More specifically, he called for a direct proof of the consistency of arithmetic. By a direct proof of consistency, Hilbert mainly meant a proof which does not merely establish the consistency of arithmetic relative to that of some other axiomatic theory. Eventually, however, it came to mean something more – namely, proof which proceeds directly from a description of the basic acts of symbol manipulation which, in Hilbert’s view, constituted (at least in part) the fundamental operations of mathematical reasoning. In Hilbert’s view, this proof-theoretic approach to the consistency problem for arithmetic was ultimately the only satisfactory approach to it.
Nancy, Jean-Luc (1940–)
Authors: Fenves Peter
Published: February 2023

Jean-Luc Nancy has developed, expanded and reimagined the general project of deconstructing Western philosophy. His early writings, some of which were written in collaboration with Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, largely consist of careful analyses of major philosophers and writers, ranging from Plato to Blanchot. By combining deconstructive readings with modes of inquiry associated with French phenomenological and existentialist traditions, Nancy argues in a variety of contexts that being is always being-in-common. The task of philosophy lies in rethinking the commonality of being, without relying on any prior conception of identity, unity or wholeness. ‘Being-in-common’ means that nothing – no substance, no identifiable trait – is held in common. The absence of a common substance or unitary identity does not then generate a command to make up for this lack by means of socially useful work. As the exposure of each singularity to its ungrounded commonality, ‘being-in-common’ is the surprising ‘fact’ upon which Nancy’s investigations into philosophy, literature, psychoanalysis and political phenomena are generally oriented. Nancy’s later writings expand on his reflections on being-in-common in several, often surprising directions, beginning with studies of corporeality and tactility, which lead him to the ‘deconstruction of Christianity.’ Some of his most trenchant writings intervene in contemporary political and philosophical controversies, such as, most recently, reflections on globalization and the scandal of Heidegger’s anti-Semitism.
Hope
Authors: Smith Nicholas Ryan
Published: February 2023

The philosophical literature on hope centres around the nature and value of hope, where hope may be construed as an attitude, emotion, or virtue. Concerning the nature of hope as an attitude or emotion, there is broad agreement that it involves desire for something uncertain. There is disagreement, however, regarding whether desire for what is uncertain is all that hope requires.

Concerning the value of hope, many philosophers argue that hope is often valuable in that it helps people overcome obstacles and cope with difficult situations. Some argue that hope is necessary for deliberating about what to do and for being motivated to pursue goals. Hope has also been connected to courage, solidarity, stability, and increased understanding, among other things.

In Christian moral theology, the virtue of hope, along with those of faith and love (charity), is regarded as a theological virtue. In addition, some contemporary philosophers develop accounts of moral and intellectual virtues of hope.
Infinity in ethics
Authors: Vallentyne Peter , Rubio Daniel
Published: February 2023

Puzzles can arise in value theory and deontic (permissibility) theory when infinity is involved. These puzzles can arise for ethics, for prudence, or for any normative perspective. For the sake of simplicity, we focus on the ethical versions of these problems. We start by addressing problems that can arise in determining what is permissible, either in a given choice situation when there are an infinite number of options or in infinite sequence of choice situations, each with only finitely many options. There is a common theme here: standard and plausible decision rules, such as the dominance principle or maximising principles, run into conflict with other plausible principles. We then address problems that can arise in determining whether one option is more valuable than another, when the options have infinite, or undefined, value. This includes cases where a single bearer of value has infinite or undefined value, as well as cases where each bearer of value is finite but the total for the collection is infinite or undefined totals. Our focus is on introducing the puzzles, rather than canvassing potential solutions.
Events
Authors: Goswick Dana
Published: February 2023

Events are happenings, occurrences and changes objects undergo, e.g. Kate’s singing, Jane’s pouring the milk, John’s walking. Events are typically understood in contrast to objects – where events are entities which occur and objects are entities which exist. Although this traditional way of understanding the distinction becomes blurred when the (now standard) way of thinking of objects as four-dimensional continuants which are composed of instantaneous temporal parts is brought into the picture, it remains a useful starting point for understanding what events are.

Beyond the very general claim that events are occurrences, not much can be said, in general, about events, as there is great variation within the events literature. Roderick Chisholm argues that events are states of affairs which imply change. As such, they are universals which can recur. W.V.O. Quine argues that events are the material contents of regions of spacetime. He, thus, takes there to be no difference between events and objects and endorses a very coarse-grained account of events, so e.g. if Kate sings and skips simultaneously, then there’s just one event which is both a singing and a skipping. Donald Davidson takes an event to be a fundamental sui generis ontological category. Events are non-reductive concrete particulars which are individuated by their causal roles. Jaegwon Kim takes events to reduce to their component object, property and time. So, for instance, the event Kate’s singing = [object: Kate, property: singing, time: 8 a.m.–8:15 a.m. on 22 January 2015]. How fine-grained Kim’s account of events is will depend on how much detail one builds into an event’s constituent property. David Lewis takes events to be sets which have as their members the smallest region of each world at which the relevant event occurs. So, for instance, if the birth of Prince George occurs at wa, w1, w3, w4 and w6, then the event Prince George’s birth is {wab, w1b, w3b, w4b, w6b} where each ‘wib’ picks out the smallest region of spacetime at the relevant world within which Prince George was born. Lewis’s account of events offers great flexibility – many sets will be formally eligible to be events and one can pick and choose among the formally eligible sets only the events which are relevant for one’s particular purpose, e.g., in Lewis’s case, giving an account of causation.

In addition to the metaphysics of events, important questions in the events literature include (i) How is the ontological category of event related to other nearby ontological categories, such as state, fact and object?, and (ii) What semantics best captures our talk of events? I will address each of these questions in turn.
Monism
Authors: O’Conaill Donnchadh
Published: February 2023

The basic idea of monism is that reality is, fundamentally, one. This contrasts with any view on which reality is, fundamentally, many, or with any view on which reality is not fundamentally any way at all.

The basic monistic idea can be understood in different ways. One important distinction is that between existence monism, on which reality just is a single entity, and priority monism, on which there is just one fundamental entity (though there may be numerous nonfundamental entities). Monism is thus properly understood as a family of metaphysical positions.

Different versions of monism have been supported in a variety of ways. Priority monism has been defended by arguments from quantum entanglement (it is claimed that the cosmos as a whole is an entangled system, and such systems are more fundamental than their parts). In addition, it has been supported by arguments from general metaphysical principles, for instance from the possibility of gunk (that every entity has proper parts); priority monism can accommodate this possibility, whereas rival views may not be able to. Existence monism can be defended by appeals to parsimony, and also by arguments from vagueness (any object short of reality as a whole would have vague boundaries, but there are independent reasons to think that no object can be vague in this way).

The arguments in favour of monism have themselves been criticized; for instance, different conceptions of quantum entanglement have been offered, on which the entangled system is not more fundamental than its parts. Priority monism has been criticized for relying on contentious assumptions about fundamentality. It has also been claimed that it cannot accommodate the possibility of parts of the cosmos themselves having intrinsic properties. Existence monism has been criticized for not being able to accommodate facts about conscious experiences. In addition to this, existence monism must deal with the obvious problem that there seem to be many more objects than reality as a whole.