bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary modeling and analysis of opinion exchange and epidemic spread among individuals
Authors: Zeng Rong , Chang Xinghua , Liu Bo
Published: November 2024

The opinions of individuals within a group about an ongoing epidemic play a crucial role in the dynamics of epidemic spread. People’s acceptance of others' opinions also changes with the changing epidemic situation and the dynamics of communication between individuals, how individuals' opinions and acceptance of others' views on epidemics affect the spread of epidemics has become an unresolved issue. In this study, we construct a two-layer coupled network that integrates the Hegselmann-Krause (HK) continuous opinion model with an epidemic model. This framework takes into account the evolutionary game of opinion acceptance among individuals within the group. We investigate the dynamic interaction between opinion exchange among individuals and the spread of the epidemic and derive the epidemic spread threshold of the model using the Quasi-Mean-Field (QMF) approach. The results indicate that under different infection rates, individuals in the group spontaneously form varying levels of opinion about the epidemic, which in turn evolve into different final infection states for the group. The higher the infection rate, the faster a positive and unified opinion forms. Promoting communication among individuals within the group can, to some extent, inhibit the spread of the epidemic. However, due to the diversity and complexity of information in the real world, the phenomenon of “delayed epidemic prevention” often occurs.
Impact of a brief series of soccer matches on vascular conditions in youth women
Authors: Sugawara Jun , Ogoh Nana , Watanabe Hironori , Saito Shotaro , Ohsuga Maki , Hasegawa Tetsuya , Kunimatsu Narumi , Ogoh Shigehiko
Published: November 2024

Background

Accumulative excessive physical load elevates central arterial stiffness and smooth muscular tone of peripheral vascular beds in endurance athletes. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a brief series of soccer matches would increase central arterial stiffness and arterial wave reflection from the periphery in young female football players.

Methods

Fifteen subjects (17.2 ± 0.7 years, mean ± SD) participated in four matches over five consecutive days (one match per day, with two consecutive days of matches followed by one rest day, repeated twice) in the Youth Girls Soccer Tournament, either as starters or substitutes. Heart rate, blood pressure (BP), and the second derivative of the photoplethysmogram (SDPTG) were assessed the night before and 4 h after each match. The ratios of the first and second descending waves to the first ascending wave of SDPTG (B/A ratio and D/A ratio) were calculated as indices of central arterial stiffness and peripheral wave reflection, respectively. The intra-individual relationship among interest variables was evaluated using the repeated-measures correlation analysis (rmcorr).

Results

Post-match D/A ratio, systolic and diastolic BP were lower compared to the pre-match value, while the B/A ratio did not change significantly. Heart rate was higher post-than pre-match. Rmcorr demonstrated significant intra-individual correlations of the D/A ratio with diastolic BP (rrm = 0.259, P = 0.008) and heart rate (rrm = −0.380, P< 0.001).

Conclusion

Contrary to our hypothesis, a brief series of matches did not increase central arterial stiffness in young female football players. Instead, the matches induced a repeated, temporary attenuation of arterial wave reflection. This attenuated arterial wave reflection from the periphery appeared to be associated with reduced diastolic BP and a compensatory increase in heart rate.
Sodium selenate biofortification, through seed priming, on dill microgreens grown in two different cultivation systems
Authors: Sheikhi Hossein , Nicola Silvana , Delshad Mojtaba , Bulgari Roberta
Published: November 2024

Human health is significantly influenced by the quality of vegetables included in the diet. Soilless cultivation methods have the potential to enhance and standardize the levels of secondary metabolites or specific bioactive compounds in plants, even when utilizing LED lighting. In recent years, tailored foods, enriched with important microelements, are growing in popularity. The present research was conducted to explore the quantitative and qualitative aspects of dill (Anethum graveolens L.), grown either indoor or in a greenhouse and harvested during the microgreen stage. Seeds of dill were primed with 1.5 and 3 mg L−1 selenium (Se). Untreated dry and hydro-primed seeds were used as the control and positive control groups, respectively. Results demonstrated a higher yield in indoor farm environment (1255.6 g FW m−2) compared to greenhouse (655.1 g FW m−2), with a general positive effect on the morphological traits studied, with no significant influence from priming and Se. The mean value of phenolic index of microgreens grown in the greenhouse was 13.66% greater than that grown in indoor condition. It was also observed that seeds priming with Se can effectively raise the Se content in dill microgreens, in both tested conditions. Overall, our results suggest that the 3 mg L−1 Se seems to be the most promising concentration to obtain Se-enriched microgreens.
Challenges and opportunities to a sustainable bioenergy utilization in climate mitigation: a global perspective
Authors: Singh Jagdeep , Clough Yann
Published: November 2024

Bioenergy is perceived to play a vital role in climate mitigation, transition to renewable energy consumption, energy security, and local and rural socio-economic development. However, exploiting renewable bioenergy resources may need to be more sustainable in the current predominant paradigm. In this study, we raise two broad research questions: (1) what are the significant challenges to the current global bioenergy production and consumption system, and (2) what are the opportunities for a sustainable and circular bioenergy system? We qualitatively analyzed how the current bioenergy production and consumption system results in unintended negative consequences. Taking the example of biofuels, this research exemplifies some critical systemic flaws in how bioenergy is currently utilized in the transportation sector. We do this by broadening the system boundaries to identify the social, economic, and environmental consequences often distant in time and space. We conducted semi-structured interviews, workshops, and literature studies to gather data on the significant bioenergy production and consumption drivers, socio-economic factors, and ecological impacts. The causal loop diagram technique illustrates this broader system's systemic cause-effect and feedback relationships. In the current system of bioenergy production and consumption, negative socio-economic and ecological consequences limit the potential of exploiting bioenergy for climate mitigation. Firstly, bioenergy is neither carbon neutral nor renewable from a broader systems perspective, given that biomass cultivation, feedstock refining, and processing are closely coupled with natural resource use (e.g., water, energy, chemicals, and fertilizers) and other nutrient cycles (e.g., nitrogen, and phosphorus). Secondly, large-scale bioenergy developments negatively impact food security, land use change, ecosystem services, and biodiversity in certain regions. Thirdly, the current globalized bioenergy economy is fundamentally unsustainable due to the displacement of bioenergy production's negative social and ecological impacts from consumer to producer regions. We identify and discuss the critical system interventions to be placed throughout the system as significant leverages for managing the unintended negative consequences of the present dominant bioenergy production and consumption regimes.
Enhanced efficacy of Magnolia denudata essential oil in fish anesthesia using nanoemulsions and self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems
Authors: Zeng Xiangbing , Dong Hongbiao , Zheng Xiaoting , Zhang Jiasong
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The use of plant essential oils as anesthetics for fish has gained increasing attention, but ethanol, often used as a co-solvent, presents certain limitations. Recently, Magnolia denudata essential oil (MDO) has emerged as a promising alternative for fish anesthesia and sedation.

Methods and results

To further improve MDO anesthesia efficacy, this study developed nanoemulsion (NE) and self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) formulations of MDO. Transmission electron microscopy and stability tests confirmed that both NE and SMEDDS possess smaller particle sizes and are stable under various temperature conditions. Anesthetic trials on fish demonstrated that these formulations reduced the time needed to induce anesthesia compared with the non-formulations. Additionally, physiological assessments of the fish gills showed that neither NE nor SMEDDS caused irreversible damage to respiratory function.

Discussion

Overall, NE and SMEDDS present a safe and effective delivery system for MDO, enhancing its anesthetic properties while minimizing potential harm to aquatic organisms compared to traditional methods.
Case report: Clinical and immunohistochemical manifestations of suspected Sjogren's disease in a dog
Authors: Story Brett D. , Thomasy Sara M. , Randolph Max W. , Vincek Anna , Martins Bianca , Mills Erinn P. , Dear Jonathan D. , Johnson Eric G. , Jordan Richard C. , Goldschmidt Stephanie L. , Vapniarsky Natalia
Published: November 2024

Sjogren's disease, well-described in people, is rarely identified in veterinary species. In people, Sjogren's disease is one of the most common systemic autoimmune disorders with an incidence of 0.5% in the female population. The hallmark histopathologic finding of primary Sjogren's disease is lymphomononuclear cell infiltrates aggregating as periductal infiltrate in salivary glands. Sjogren's-like disease has been reported in a domestic shorthair cat and golden retriever dog. However, both lacked positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) titers and the dog showed no clinical evidence of dry eye disease. The following case report describes the clinical and immunohistochemical findings suggestive of Sjogren's disease in a 3-year-old spayed female German shepherd cross that was presented for medically refractory absolute dry eye, xerostomia confirmed with oral atropine response tests, and bilateral mandibular salivary gland enlargement. Routine topical lacrostimulants, anti-inflammatories, heterologous serum, ocular lubrication, and oral pilocarpine failed to improve clinical signs or tear production. The ANA titer at 1:160 was interpreted as positive, while the complete blood count and serum biochemistry panels were unremarkable. Head and neck ultrasound revealed bilateral moderately enlarged mandibular salivary glands with a hypoechoic, mottled echotexture consistent with sialoadenitis and regional lymphadenomegaly; thoracic radiography and abdominal ultrasonography were normal. In vivo confocal microscopy and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the cornea confirmed lipid keratopathy presumably secondary to corneal desiccation and steroid administration. Salivary gland histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses supported an immune-mediated etiology. Approximately 60% of the salivary section contained inflammatory cells replacing the glandular structures with a focus score of 12. Immunohistochemical markers CD3, CD204, CD79a, and CD20 were evaluated. The inflammatory infiltrate was a mixture of T-cells and macrophages with rare individual immunoreactive B-cells. CD3 and CD4+ T-cells were confirmed using immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR, respectively. Clinical signs including ocular discharge and mandibular salivary gland enlargement markedly improved following oral immunomodulatory therapy with prednisone (1 mg/kg/d, tapered over 2 months) and long-term leflunomide (2 mg/kg/d). Ocular discomfort improved dramatically decreasing the need for topical lubricants; however, tear production failed to improve likely due to extensive lacrimal gland atrophy. The aim of this report is to increase awareness of Sjogren's disease in dogs and interpret the pathology involved.
Effects of Pulsed Electric Fields on the Elimination of Fusarium oxysporum in Greenhouse Soil
Authors: Chen Jie , Sun Yingjian , Cui Qingliang , Hao Xiaojuan , Liu Zhenyu , Li Guang
Published: November 2024

In greenhouses, high humidity, low light, and inadequate ventilation conditions, along with continuous and high-density planting, promote the proliferation of soilborne pathogens. Among these pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl (F. oxysporum) is a notably challenging one, causing root rot of tomato plants in greenhouse cultivation. To address this issue, this study applied a pulsed electric field (PEF) to target the elimination of F. oxysporum in suspension and soil media. Initially, PEF parameters were systematically explored in suspensions to determine the effective ranges for the elimination of F. oxysporum. The results revealed that the effective ranges for achieving the desired microbial reduction were an electric field strength (EFS) between 5–15 kV·cm−1, a pulse number within the range of 100–500, and a pulse width of 10–20 µs. Subsequently, the impact of soil moisture content, soil bulk density, and soil type on soil dielectric breakdown field strength was analyzed within the range from previous results. Based on these findings, the soil experiments were conducted with parameters designed to prevent dielectric breakdown. Specifically, for sampling soil with a moisture content of 16.2% and a bulk density of 1.31 g·cm−3, the maximum effective application of electric field strength was 9.5 kV·cm−1, accompanied by 1000 pulses and a pulse width of 20 µs. Finally, building on these results, soil samples were sterilized within a parameter range that spanned an electric field strength of 5–9.5 kV·cm−1, a pulse number between 100–500, and a pulse width of 10–20 µs. Response surface methodology (RSM) analysis further identified the optimal parameter combination: an electric field strength of 8.2 kV·cm−1, 306 pulses, and a pulse width of 15 µs, resulting in an average lethal rate of 76.16% for F. oxysporum sterilization in soil. These findings suggest the potential use of PEF against F. oxysporum and other pathogens in greenhouse soils, and provide theoretical foundations for further experiments, thereby contributing to the sustainable advancement of greenhouse agriculture.
Crop Rotation of Sainfoin on the Longzhong Loess Plateau Has a Positive Effect on Enhancing Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential
Authors: Xiang Hang , Xu Jingjing , Wei Shaochong , Yang Hang , Song Jianchao , Yu Xiaojun
Published: November 2024

The impact of various crop rotation systems on the potential for soil carbon sequestration and stoichiometric characteristics is not yet fully understood, which poses challenges for effective land management and utilization. This study selected three typical crop rotation methods in the Longzhong Loess Plateau: maize–alfalfa rotation (MA), maize–sainfoin rotation (MS), and maize–wheat rotation (MW). Soil physical and chemical indices were measured, and the soil carbon density and soil stoichiometry were calculated and analyzed. The results show that the soil C/N of the surface soils was low across the rotation methods, indicating a rapid rate of organic matter decomposition and mineralization, which may hinder soil nutrient accumulation. The soil N/P was found to be lower than the national average of 8.0, indicating that nitrogen is a limited nutrient in the soil under the three crop rotation systems in this region. The soil total nitrogen content can be increased by rotation with leguminous forage. Sainfoin rotation can enhance the soil total carbon and organic carbon content, thereby improving the soil’s carbon sequestration potential. The research findings provide a theoretical foundation for the selection of appropriate rotation methods and the maintenance of the stability of agricultural ecosystems in semi-arid regions.
Retrospective Safety Evaluation of Combined Chlorambucil and Toceranib for the Treatment of Different Solid Tumours in Dogs
Authors: Lai Yuk-Yin , Horta Rodrigo Dos Santos , Valenti Paola , Giuliano Antonio
Published: November 2024

Chlorambucil is used in veterinary medicine for various cancers, while Toceranib, which was licenced for treating canine mast cell tumours, is now used against other solid tumours. Both drugs are generally safe, but their combined use has not been studied. This study aimed to investigate retrospectively the safety profile of the Chlorambucil–Toceranib combination against canine solid tumours. Thirty-eight dogs received this combination. Chlorambucil was administered at a median dose intensity of 15.1 mg/m2 per week, while Toceranib was given at the median dosage of 2.5 mg/kg on a Monday–Wednesday–Friday schedule. Dosages were individually adjusted according to commercially available tablet formulation, co-morbidities, and adverse events (AEs). The resulting clinical benefit rate (CBR) and overall response rate (ORR) were 55.3% and 10.5%, respectively. The median progressive free survival (PFS) and median survival time (MST) were 45.5 (12–537) days and 259 (42–1178) days, respectively. Gastrointestinal AEs occurred in 39.5% of cases (n = 15), 15.8% (n = 6) experienced UPC elevation, while hematological and biochemistry AEs affected 13.2% (n = 5) each. Most of these AEs were grades 1–2 (G1–2). None of the dogs interrupted treatment due to AEs, and the combination appeared safe. Larger prospective clinical trials are required to confirm our findings and investigate its efficacy across various cancers.
Curcumin Inhibits Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Induced by H2O2 in Bovine Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (bADSCs)
Authors: Jiang Enhui , Chen Xuanbo , Bi Yi , Pan Chuanying , Li Xiangchen , Lan Xianyong
Published: November 2024

In livestock production, oxidative stress (OS) is ubiquitous, reducing animal productivity and product quality. Hence, investigating the mechanisms of oxidative stress in livestock and inhibiting oxidative stress-induced damage is crucial. Curcumin, a plant-derived bioactive compound, exhibits antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) from animal adipose tissue are easily accessible and possess multilineage differentiation potential. Therefore, this work utilized bovine ADSCs to establish an oxidative stress model and investigated the effects of curcumin on oxidative stress and apoptosis. Firstly, bovine ADSCs were isolated and cultured from fetal calf subcutaneous adipose tissue. Their surface markers were identified by immunofluorescence, confirming the expression of CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105 and Vimentin, but not CD34, indicative of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cell characteristics. Secondly, to explore the effects of curcumin on oxidative damage and apoptosis in bovine ADSCs, an oxidative stress model was induced using H2O2. CCK-8 assays showed significantly reduced cell viability and SOD activity, along with increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, indicating successful modeling. RT-qPCR further confirmed that 500 μM of H2O2 treatment for 24 h promoted apoptosis. Herein, CCK-8 assays indicated a significant reduction in cell viability at >8 μM of curcumin. Thirdly, using 4 μM and 8 μM of curcumin for pre-protection, 8 μM maintained SOD activity, reduced MDA and ROS, inhibited apoptosis-related gene changes (Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3), and suppressed apoptosis according to a TUNEL assay. Fourthly, curcumin’s autophagy-inducing potential was hypothesized, which was confirmed by increased LC3-II and decreased P62 expression upon co-treatment with 3-MA. 3-MA inhibited curcumin’s antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, suggesting that curcumin’s antioxidant and anti-apoptotic roles may involve autophagy induction. In conclusion, bovine ADSCs are abundant, easily accessible, and multipotent, making them suitable for in vitro expansion. Curcumin alleviated H2O2-induced oxidative stress in bovine ADSCs, with curcumin also inhibiting apoptosis, likely through autophagy induction. This study validates the protective role of curcumin in bovine ADSCs, with potential applications in livestock production.
Use of Chemical Tracers in Sus scrofa Population Studies—A Scoping Review
Authors: Tarasiuk Grzegorz , Giménez-Lirola Luis G. , Rotolo Marisa L. , Zimmerman Jeffrey J.
Published: November 2024

A highly invasive species, free-ranging Sus scrofa often negatively impact the ecosystem and are capable of spreading a number of impactful pathogens to domestic livestock. Measures taken to ameliorate these impacts and/or control population size are based on the delivery of oral baits containing bioactive chemicals or vaccines, e.g., classical swine fever vaccine. The efficacy of these methods depends on the rate at which inoculated baits are consumed by the pigs. Rhodamine B, tetracycline, and iophenoxic acid are commonly used to quantitate bait uptake in free-ranging pig population studies. All three are effective in this application but differ in fundamental characteristics. When used as a tracer, the effective dose of rhodamine B was established at 15 mg/kg to ensure a 12-week window of detection based on evaluation of hair samples using fluorescent microscopy. Tetracyclines are likewise effective tracers in free-ranging pigs, but the process of detection is highly invasive, i.e., requires euthanasia, and extraction of bone or teeth, followed by examination by fluorescence microscopy. Iophenoxic acid and its derivatives also highly suitable tracers and may be detected in serum for ≥9 months after exposure. Notably tracers used in free-ranging pigs are not suitable for behavioral studies in farm-raised pigs either because the detection method is highly invasive (tetracyclines) or because they are unapproved for use in meat destined for human consumption.
Maternal Undernutrition Effect on Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein (PAG) Concentration in Sheep Carrying Single and Multiple Fetuses
Authors: Barbato Olimpia , Barile Vittoria Lucia , Menchetti Laura , Ricci Giovanni , Achihaei Emilia Larisa , Porcu Cristian , Sotgiu Francesca Daniela , Pasciu Valeria , Berlinguer Fiammetta
Published: November 2024

To the best of our knowledge, no studies in the literature have reported on the relationship between the pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) concentration and undernutrition during pregnancy in sheep. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of undernutrition on the blood concentration of PAGs in pregnant ewes carrying single and multiple fetuses, undergoing either dietary energy restriction or receiving 100% of their energy requirements during the period of maximal placenta growth. From d 24 to 100 of pregnancy, the ewes were fed ryegrass hay and two different iso-proteic concentrates, fulfilling either 100% of the ewes’ energy requirements (control group; n = 30, 14 singleton pregnancies, 16 multiple pregnancies) or only 50% (feed-restricted group; n = 29; 11 singleton pregnancies, 18 multiple pregnancies). Blood samples were collected from all the ewes the day before intravaginal sponge insertion (T0) and, thereafter, every 30 days starting from d 24 of gestation (T1) until d 30 after parturition (T6), to determine the PAG, progesterone, NEFA, total protein, and glucose concentrations. Our results showed that PAG concentrations are not only influenced by the number of fetuses, but also by the ewe’s diet. In particular, the PAG marginal means were higher in the feed-restricted group than in the control group (7.8 ± 0.6 and 10.8 ± 0.9 ng/mL for the control and feed-restricted groups, respectively; p = 0.040). This finding confirms that a dietary restriction between d 24 and d 100 of gestation leads to a growth in placental functions as inferred from the increase in the concentration of the PAG levels. Therefore, the measurement of PAG concentrations, in addition to serving as a marker of pregnancy, can also serve as a marker of placental functionality.
Dynamic Shifts in Antibiotic Residues and Gut Microbiome Following Tilmicosin Administration to Silkie Chickens
Authors: Liang Qiying , Xie Chunlin , Gebreselase Haile Berihulay , Yuan Yushan , He Jingyi , Xie Lu , Luo Chenglong , Ji Jian
Published: November 2024

Tilmicosin, an antibiotic widely used in animal husbandry to prevent and treat bacterial infections, raises concerns due to its residual accumulation, which impacts both animal health and food safety. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of tilmicosin clearance patterns in different tissues, assessed physiological impacts through blood biochemistry, and investigated changes in gut microbial composition with 16S rRNA sequencing of the tilmicosin-treated Silkie chickens. Initially, we observed rapid peaks in tilmicosin residues in all tissues within 1 day after treatment, but complete metabolism took longer, extending beyond 9 days. Moreover, tilmicosin treatment significantly decreased serum levels of total bile acid, blood urea nitrogen, and uric acid, while increasing the levels of direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, and glutathione peroxidase at day 3, followed by a decrease from day 5 onwards. The effects of tilmicosin use on microbial composition and diversity lasted for an extended period, with the relative abundance of Proteobacteria remaining significantly different between the control and tilmicosin-treated groups at 120 days. Additionally, correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between Mucispirillum_schaedleri and tilmicosin residue in all tissues, while Parabbacteroide_distasonis, Faecalibacterium_prausnitzii, and others exhibited negative correlations with tilmicosin residue. Overall, our study indicates a significant correlation between intestinal microbes and antibiotic residues, providing a theoretical basis for guiding the withdrawal period after antibiotic use.
Sericin-Enriched Rabbit Semen Preservation: Implications for Short-Term Storage Quality and Fertility at 4 or 15 °C
Authors: Raza Sanan , Uçan Uğur , Aksoy Melih , Erdoğan Güneş , Naseer Zahid , Khan Komal
Published: November 2024

The influence of sericin supplementation and chilling temperatures (4 and 15 °C) on the short-term storage quality and fertility of rabbit semen was assessed over 72 h of storage. In experiment 1, pooled semen (five replications) was diluted to a concentration of 50 M mL−1, and assigned to control, 0.1%, and 0.5% sericin groups, stored at 4 or 15 °C. Sperm motility, sperm kinematics, viability, and membrane and acrosome integrity were assessed at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h of storage. Experiments 2 and 3 were conducted to observe the effect of sericin on bacterial growth and in vivo fertility. The results of experiment 1 showed that sericin treatment, storage temperature, and storage duration influenced progressive and total sperm motility. The storage duration affected all sperm kinematics variables, whereas VCL, VSL, VAP, and BCF sperm kinematics altered in response to sericin treatment and storage temperature. Similarly, significant effects of sericin treatment, storage temperature, and storage duration were observed for acrosome integrity, sperm membrane integrity, and sperm viability. The results of experiment 2 indicated the antimicrobial effects of sericin when sperm were stored at 15 °C for 72 h. While promising pregnancy outcomes were observed with sericin-treated sperm for 72 h, these results were not significantly different. This study conclusively demonstrates that sericin treatment enhances the quality of rabbit semen when stored at lower temperatures for longer durations. The antimicrobial effects of sericin could be a contributing factor to the improved in vitro and in vivo fertility of rabbit sperm.
Preliminary Evaluation of an Advanced Ventilation-Control Algorithm to Optimise Microclimate in a Commercial Broiler House
Authors: Daniel Kehinde Favour , Choi Lak-yeong , Lee Se-yeon , Lee Chae-rin , Park Ji-yeon , Park Jinseon , Hong Se-woon
Published: November 2024

This study aims to improve the microclimate conditions in a mechanically ventilated broiler house by proposing and evaluating a ventilation-control algorithm based on heat-energy balance analysis. The new algorithm is designed to optimise the ventilation-rate requirement and thereby improve control of the indoor temperature. The analysis of one year of operational data collected at the experimental farm indicates that the current ventilation-control system successfully maintained optimal indoor temperatures for 74% of the time. In contrast, the proposed algorithm has the potential to improve this number significantly (up to 92%). The new algorithm was implemented and evaluated at two broiler houses (control and experimental) starting from day 20 to day 34 during one rearing period under high-temperature conditions. The results confirm that the new algorithm effectively reduced indoor temperatures by 1.5–2 °C during the day, which reduces heat stress significantly. Even though cooling pad usage increased to about eight times, the reduction in tunnel fan usage (to about 52%) led to significant energy savings. Furthermore, broiler mortality was reduced by 16.5%, which means there is also potential for improved productivity. The proposed ventilation control algorithm can effectively enhance microclimate conditions and energy efficiency in broiler production, though longer-term studies are required to fully assess its impact on growth performance.
First Report of Polymorphisms and Genetic Characteristics of Prion-like Protein Gene (PRND) in Cats
Authors: Jeong Min-Ju , Kim Yong-Chan , Jeong Byung-Hoon
Published: November 2024

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders caused by the misfolding of the normal cellular prion protein (PrPC) into its infectious isoform (PrPSc). Although prion diseases in humans, sheep, goats, and cattle have been extensively studied, feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE) remains poorly understood. Genetic factors, particularly polymorphisms in the prion protein gene (PRNP) and prion-like protein gene (PRND), have been linked to prion disease susceptibility in various species. However, no studies have yet investigated the PRND gene in cats with respect to prion diseases. Therefore, we investigated polymorphisms in the feline PRND gene and analyzed their genetic characteristics. We sequenced the coding region of the PRND gene using samples from 210 domestic cats and determined the genotype and allele frequencies of PRND polymorphisms. We identified thirteen novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including six non-synonymous variants and one insertion/deletion (InDel) in the feline PRND gene. Four of the non-synonymous SNPs were predicted to have deleterious effects on the Doppel protein’s structure and function. Notably, the SNP c.97A>G (I33V) showed potential structural clashes, and the others formed additional hydrogen bonds. The LD analysis revealed strong genetic associations between the PRND SNPs and the PRNP InDel, suggesting linkage between these loci in cats. This study identifies novel PRND polymorphisms in domestic cats and provides new insights into the genetic factors underlying feline susceptibility to prion diseases. The strong genetic linkage between PRND and PRNP polymorphisms, coupled with predictions of detrimental effects on Doppel protein structure, suggests that PRND gene variants could influence prion disease progression in cats. These findings provide a foundational framework for future studies on the functional implications of PRND polymorphisms in FSE. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report on the genetic characteristics of PRND polymorphisms in cats.
Acute Effects of Different Warm-Up Protocols on Jump Performance in Elite Male Italian Handball Players
Authors: Simonelli Carlo , Rossi Alessio , Merati Giampiero , Malagoli Lanzoni Ivan , Nigro Federico
Published: November 2024

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute effects of three different warm-up protocols on jump performance in elite male handball players. Warming up with a traditional (TR) set of exercise was compared with balance (BA) and unbalanced (UN) activation protocols. Thirty-two male handball players (age 24.2 ± 4.7 (m ± SD) y, weight 84.4 ± 8.5 kg, height 183.9 ± 7.3 cm) from two Italian first division National championship teams completed the three warm-up protocols in three different occasions and performed three countermovement jumps each with a 3 min rest. The jump height was evaluated from flight time. The players jumped an average of 40.7 ± 4.8 cm, 42.4 ± 4.9 cm, and 42.5 ± 5.0 cm in TR, BA, and UN conditions, respectively. A significant main effect (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.812) between the warm-up protocols for jump height was detected. A post hoc analysis showed that athletes performed significantly higher jumps under BA (p < 0.001) and UN (p < 0.001) conditions compared to performing a TR warm-up protocol. In conclusion, both BA and UN warm-up protocols induced significantly higher jump heights in elite male Italian handball players, compared to the traditional warm-up routine. The use of dynamic activation exercises enhance the neuromuscular properties of the warm-up compared to traditional protocols.
Time-Varying Preference Bandits for Robot Behavior Personalization
Authors: Kim Chanwoo , Lee Joonhyeok , Kim Eunwoo , Lee Kyungjae
Published: November 2024

Robots are increasingly employed in diverse services, from room cleaning to coffee preparation, necessitating an accurate understanding of user preferences. Traditional preference-based learning allows robots to learn these preferences through iterative queries about desired behaviors. However, these methods typically assume static human preferences. In this paper, we challenge this static assumption by considering the dynamic nature of human preferences and introduce the discounted preference bandit method to manage these changes. This algorithm adapts to evolving human preferences and supports seamless human–robot interaction through effective query selection. Our approach outperforms existing methods in time-varying scenarios across three key performance metrics.
Integrating Students’ Real-Time Gaze in Teacher–Student Interactions: Case Studies on the Benefits and Challenges of Eye Tracking in Primary Education
Authors: Soares Raimundo da Silva , Pinheiro Eneyse Dayane , Oku Amanda Yumi Ambriola , Rizzo Marilia Biscaia , Vieira Carolinne das Neves , Sato João Ricardo
Published: November 2024

Integrating neuroscience techniques, such as eye tracking, into educational practices has opened new avenues for understanding the cognitive processes underlying learning. This study investigates the feasibility and practicality of using eye tracking as a supportive tool for educators in primary school settings. By taking into account eye-tracking features in lesson plans and instruction, this study explores the benefits and challenges of this technology from teachers’ perspective. The findings reveal that eye tracking can enhance interactivity, maintain student attention, and provide immediate feedback, thereby aiding in identifying student difficulties that may otherwise go unnoticed. However, the study also highlights concerns related to technical complexities, data privacy, and the need for teacher training to utilize and interpret eye-tracking data effectively. These insights contribute to a nuanced understanding of how eye-tracking technology can be implemented in educational settings, offering potential pathways for personalized teaching and improved learning outcomes.
High-Tolerance Grating Couplers for Vertical Backside Coupling
Authors: Chen Jui-Hung , Bouamra Arthur D. , Wu Chia-Ling , Fiore Andrea , Tseng Shuo-Yen
Published: November 2024

To facilitate convenient packaging of photonic integrated circuits on a fiber tip, a silicon grating coupler designed for vertical backside coupling has been developed. In order to comply with foundry capabilities and streamline the fabrication processes, the grating coupler features a minimum feature size larger than 200 nm and a single-etched structure on silicon. By inverse design-based optimization, the vertical backside grating coupler achieves a coupling efficiency of nearly 40% (−3.97 dB), while showcasing high fabrication and misalignment tolerance.
Exploration of Aflatoxin B1 Degradation Products via Kocuria rosea: Structure Elucidation and Toxicity Analysis
Authors: Wang Jingying , Nan Jun , Chen Qiqi , Zhou Ying , Gao Xiujun , Li Yuexin
Published: November 2024

Aflatoxin B1, a natural mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus fungi with high toxicity and carcinogenicity to humans and animals, has attracted more and more attention in the past 40 years. In the study of the biological detoxification of aflatoxin B1—although it has been confirmed that Kocuria rosea has the ability to efficiently remove aflatoxin B1—the degradation products, degradation pathways, and toxicity of the degradation products of aflatoxin B1 have not been clarified. Therefore, in this study, it was found that the functional groups of aflatoxin B1 changed after being cultured with Kocuria rosea, indicating the production of aflatoxin B1 degradation products. Ten main AFB1 degradation products (including aflatoxicol, aflatoxin D1, and aflatoxin D2) were identified, and their structures and fragmentation mechanisms were further elucidated by the parent ions and fragment ions of the products. The possible degradation pathway of aflatoxin B1 was proposed according to the structure of the degradation products. Additionally, the toxicity of the degradation products was analyzed according to the quantitative structure–activity relationship theory, and cytotoxicity experiments and dead–live cell staining experiments showed that the toxicity of the degradation products was significantly less than that of aflatoxin B1. In this study, the mechanism of aflatoxin B1 degradation by Kocuria rosea was explored from several perspectives, indicating that aflatoxin B1 degradation by Kocuria rosea is a promising biological method.
Optimal Attitude Determination for the CR200 Underwater Walking Robot
Authors: Yoon Seok Pyo , Jeong Sung-Ho , Kim Dong Kyun , Yoo Seong-yeol , Jun Bong-Huan , Han Jong-Boo , Kim Hyungwoo , Ahn Hyung Taek
Published: November 2024

The Crabster CR200 is an underwater walking robot inspired by crabs and lobsters, designed for precise seabed inspection and manipulation. It maintains stability and position on the seafloor, even in strong currents, by adjusting its posture through six legs, each with four degrees of freedom. The key advantage of the CR200 lies in its ability to resist drifting in strong currents by adapting its posture to maintain its position on the seafloor. However, information is still lacking on which specific posture generates the maximum downforce to ensure optimal stability in the presence of currents and the seabed. This study aims to determine the fluid forces acting on the CR200 in various postures using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and identify the posture that generates the maximum downforce. The posture is defined by two parameters: angle of attack and seafloor clearance, represented by the combination of the robot’s pitch angle and distance to the seabed. By varying these parameters, we identified the posture that produces the greatest downforce. Through a series of analyses, we identified two main fluid dynamic principles affecting the downforce on a robot close to the seabed. First, an optimal pitch angle exists that generates the maximum downward lift on the robot’s body. Secondly, there is an ideal distance from the seabed that produces maximum suction on the bottom surface, thereby creating a strong Venturi effect. Based on these principles, we determined the optimal robot posture to achieve maximum downforce in strong current conditions. The optimal underwater robot posture identified in this study could be applied to similar robots operating on the seafloor. Furthermore, the methodology adopted in this study for determining the optimal posture can serve as a reference for establishing operational postures for similar underwater robots.
Flexible Simulation Platform for Generating Realistic Waveforms with Voltage Notches
Authors: Caicedo Joaquín E. , Zyabkina Olga , Rivas Edwin , Meyer Jan
Published: November 2024

Voltage notches are steady-state sub-cycle waveform distortions caused by the normal operation of line-commutated power converters, significantly impacting power quality in industrial low-voltage (LV) networks. Despite their common occurrence, research on this phenomenon is still incipient, and realistic simulation platforms are lacking. This paper introduces a detailed MATLAB (R2024a)/Simulink-based simulation platform that models a benchmark low-voltage industrial installation, including a six-pulse controlled rectifier, linear loads, and a capacitor bank for power factor correction. Systematic simulations are performed with the platform to examine the sensitivity of notch characteristics to key parameters within plausible ranges, such as short-circuit power at the point of common coupling, commutation reactance, firing angle, snubber circuits, and rated power of the rectifier. In addition, parameters such as the rated power of linear loads and the compensation power of the capacitor bank are examined. Other influencing parameters including background voltage unbalance and distortion are also modeled and considered. A comparative analysis with field measurements from German industrial LV networks validates the plausibility and suitability of the simulations. Building upon this platform, a Monte Carlo simulation approach is adopted to generate extensive datasets of realistic voltage notch waveforms by randomly varying these key parameters. A case study conducted under conditions typical of German LV networks demonstrates the applicability of the simulations. To support further research, the simulation platform and exemplary synthetic waveforms are provided alongside the paper, serving as a valuable tool for testing and designing strategies for analysis, detection, and monitoring of voltage notches.
The Impact of Current Fabrication Methods on the Fit Accuracy of Removable Partial Dentures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Naka Olga , Kamalakidis Savvas N. , Anastassiadou Vassiliki
Published: November 2024

Background: The fit accuracy of removable partial dentures (RPDs) is essential for the functionality, patient comfort, and durability of RPDs. Traditional fabrication methods, like lost-wax casting, are reliable, but labor intensive, potentially affecting the fit accuracy of RPDs. Advances in digital fabrication techniques offer new avenues to improve RPD precision. This systematic review and meta-analysis will assess the impact of digital fabrication methods on the fit accuracy of RPDs compared to conventional techniques. Objective: To evaluate whether digital fabrication methods, specifically CAD/CAM and additive manufacturing, offer superior fit accuracy for RPD frameworks over conventional methods. Methods: The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42024586891). A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Ovid MEDLINE databases, covering publications published up to July 2024. The inclusion criteria comprised in vitro studies comparing the fit accuracy of digital versus conventional RPD fabrication techniques, with quantitative outcomes, such as the mean gap size or seating accuracy. The data were extracted and synthesized using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Results: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, with seven studies included in the meta-analysis. The mean gap size for digitally fabricated RPDs was 140 µm, compared to 164 µm for conventional methods, with a weighted mean difference (WMD) of 26.29 µm, favoring digital techniques. The subgroup analysis indicated variability in the fit across different digital techniques, with milling showing the best results, although the differences were not statistically significant. Limitations: The analysis included only in vitro studies, limiting the clinical generalizability of the findings. Additionally, heterogeneity in the study design and measurement methods persisted, which could have impacted the overall conclusions. Conclusions: Digital fabrication methods demonstrated a trend toward improved fit accuracy in comparison to conventional techniques, although the differences were modest. Future research should focus on standardizing digital workflows and conducting clinical trials to confirm these findings.
Ionic Character and Alkyl Chain Length of Surfactants Affect Titanium Dioxide Dispersion and Its UV-Blocking Efficacy
Authors: Mun Jaehun , Jeon Yeji , Jeong Suhui , Lim Jeong Min , Kim Yeojin , Myeong Hwain , Han Jeongwoo , Choi Youngwoo , Jo Seong-Min , Yang Seung Yun , An Beum-Soo , Hwang Dae Youn , Seo Sungbaek
Published: November 2024

The dispersion of titanium dioxide (TiO2) determines the performance of TiO2-based formulations in cosmetic and coating applications. In particular, the chemical and structural characteristics of the surfactants used to prepare TiO2 dispersions are significant. However, the influence of surfactants on TiO2 dispersion quality has not been systematically investigated. In this study, we observed the effects of the ionic character of commercial surfactants on the dispersion stability and UV-blocking efficacy of TiO2. Among the experimental surfactant groups, anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate was efficient in stabilizing TiO2 as a water-in-oil formulation and enhancing its UV-blocking efficacy. Furthermore, an anionic fatty acid as a surfactant with a longer alkyl chain length was sufficient to stabilize the TiO2 formulation, which also displayed the highest UV-blocking efficacy, comparable to the values of commercial TiO2-based cosmetic products.
Study on Steady Flow Force of a Bidirectional Throttling Slide Valve and Its Compensation Optimization
Authors: Mao Qi , Jia Xinying , Liu Zhe , Li Guang , Cao Yichi , Yang Qingjun
Published: November 2024

This paper focuses on a typical pressure-controlled slide valve, utilizing momentum analysis and computational fluid dynamics to simulate and analyze the asymmetry of steady flow force curves under bidirectional throttling patterns. The entropy production theory is employed to reveal the causes of nonlinearity in the steady flow force of an inlet throttling slide valve. Based on flow field analysis, a flow force compensation scheme is proposed by adding a guiding shoulder and matching it with a suitably sized inner annular cavity. The study reveals that fluid momentum at the non-throttling valve port is the primary cause of the bidirectional throttling flow force difference, and under large-opening inlet throttling conditions, it may reverse the direction of the flow force. Vortex separation caused by turbulent pulsations is one of the intrinsic reasons for the nonlinearity of steady flow force.