bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal variation in the negative effect of neighbourhood crowding on stem growth
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Tu , Ovaskainen Otso , Chi Xiulian , Guo Qiang , Tang Zhiyao
Published: March 2024

Neighbourhood interactions drive tree growth and forest ecosystem functioning. The strength of interactions depends on the climate. However, it remains unclear how plant–plant interactions are modified by environmental conditions operating both spatially and temporally, which is crucial for predicting forest dynamics under climate change and for effective forest management.

In this study, we used annual growth data for 4139 stems from 2010 to 2021 across 50 permanent forest plots located at six sites in eastern China. We quantified the effect of neighbourhood crowding on the annual basal area increment. We explored how interactions among neighbouring trees vary with water availability and temperature gradients in the spatial (across sites) and temporal (across time within sites) dimensions.

Our findings revealed a negative impact of neighbourhood crowding on stem basal area growth, which is size‐ and trait‐dependent at some sites. The negative effects of light competition tended to be more intense at warmer sites, supporting the stress‐gradient hypothesis (SGH) in a spatial dimension. However, the patterns of crowding effects along interannual climate anomalies are inconsistent across sites, making it difficult to predict crowding effects under the SGH framework in a temporal dimension.

Synthesis: Our study demonstrated that tree interactions depend on the climate context. The climate dependence of interactions may be inconsistent between the spatial and temporal dimensions. Light competition across sites supported the SGH in the spatial dimension but not in the temporal dimension. These results further highlight the complexity of biotic interactions and the need for caution when extrapolating findings from the spatial to the temporal dimension.
Metal concentrations in invasive Ailanthus altissima vs native Fraxinus ornus on ultramafic soils: Evidence for higher efficiency in Ni exclusion and adjustments to Mg and Ca imbalance
Authors: Selvi Federico , Bettarini Isabella , Cabrucci Marco , Colzi Ilaria , Coppi Andrea , Lazzaro Lorenzo , Mugnai Michele , Gonnelli Cristina
Published: March 2024

Ailanthus altissima is one of the major invasive trees at a global scale. Despite numerous reports about its invasiveness in different habitats, so far it was not observed on harsh ultramafic soils and to colonize the vegetation of these outcrops. In this paper we show that the species can also spread in these habitats in the Mediterranean region and is able to cope with the severe anomalies of ultramafic soils. We sampled A. altissima in four ultramafic outcrops of central Italy and in control sites to unravel the behavior of this species toward the typically high soil concentrations of trace metals, such as Ni, Cr and Co, as well the imbalance of the Ca:Mg quotient. A similar sampling was performed for the native Fraxinus ornus that occurs naturally on a broad range of soils, including those from ultramafic rocks. Trace metal concentrations in leaves of both species were below toxicity thresholds, but A. altissima showed lower translocation and bioaccumulation factors (TF and BF, respectively) for Ni. Compared with F. ornus, the invasive species displayed higher leaf concentrations of Mg, thus suggesting a higher tolerance of potentially toxic levels of this element. Moreover, the higher TF and BF values for Ca in both control and serpentine populations suggested that A. altissima was more able to extract and accumulate this macronutrient in leaves in respect to F. ornus. Given the inherent deficiency of this element in ultramafic soils, efficient use of Ca could be a key trait contributing to the invasiveness of A. altissima on these soils.
Impact of indocyanine green on prolonged air leak in minimally invasive segmentectomy
Authors: Rudondy Quentin , Frey Sebastien , Bentellis Imad , Benkirane Tayeb , Cohen Charlotte , Benzaquen Jonathan , Ilie Marius , Gomez‐Caro Abel , Berthet Jean‐Phillippe
Published: March 2024

Background

Video‐assisted thoracoscopic segmentectomies have become the gold standard for the treatment of early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer less than two centimeters. The main difficulty is the identification of intersegmental boundary lines which dictate postoperative morbidities.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study to compare the perioperative outcomes of patients who underwent minimally invasive segmentectomy using the traditional deflation‐inflation method or the novel indocyanine green (ICG) technique. Using a prospectively maintained database, we performed a retrospective analysis of 197 consecutive anatomical segmentectomies, from 2020 to 2023. Clinical effectiveness, postoperative complications, and histological data were compared.

Results

A total of 73 (37%) patients had the inflation‐deflation method and 124 (63%) had the intravenous ICG method. There were no significant differences in chest tube duration, prolonged air leak, postoperative complications, and postoperative hospital stays. Surgical margin width was also similar between the two groups. The multivariable analysis confirmed these results. Lastly, intravenous ICG brought no additional value in complex segmentectomies.

Conclusion

This monocentric and retrospective analysis found no added value of the intravenous ICG on the perioperative results of minimally invasive segmentectomies. The place of this novel technique in the surgical armamentarium remains to be defined. Specific indications such as complex segmentectomy or patients with chronic pulmonary disease require further study.
Protracted fibrinolysis resistance following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: A prospective observational study of clinical associations and patient outcomes
Authors: Coupland Lucy A. , Pai Kieran G. , Pye Sidney J. , Butorac Mark T. , Miller Jennene J. , Crispin Philip J. , Rabbolini David J. , Stewart Antony H. L. , Aneman Anders
Published: March 2024

Background

Surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) elicits a pleiomorphic systemic host response which, when severe, requires prolonged intensive care support. Given the substantial cross‐talk between inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis, the aim of this hypothesis‐generating observational study was to document the kinetics of fibrinolysis recovery post‐CPB using ClotPro® point‐of‐care viscoelastometry. Tissue plasminogen activator‐induced clot lysis time (TPA LT, s) was correlated with surgical risk, disease severity, organ dysfunction and intensive care length of stay (ICU LOS).

Results

In 52 patients following CPB, TPA LT measured on the first post‐operative day (D1) correlated with surgical risk (EuroScore II, Spearman's rho .39, p < .01), time on CPB (rho = .35, p = .04), disease severity (APACHE II, rho = .52, p < .001) and organ dysfunction (SOFA, rho = .51, p < .001) scores, duration of invasive ventilation (rho = .46, p < .01), and renal function (eGFR, rho = −.65, p < .001). In a generalized linear regression model containing TPA LT, CPB run time and markers of organ function, only TPA LT was independently associated with the ICU LOS (odds ratio 1.03 [95% CI 1.01–1.05], p = .01). In a latent variables analysis, the association between TPA LT and the ICU LOS was not mediated by renal function and thus, by inference, variation in the clearance of intraoperative tranexamic acid.

Conclusions

This observational hypothesis‐generating study in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass demonstrated an association between the severity of fibrinolysis resistance, measured on the first post‐operative day, and the need for extended postoperative ICU level support. Further examination of the role of persistent fibrinolysis resistance on the clinical outcomes in this patient cohort is warranted through large‐scale, well‐designed clinical studies.
MicroRNA‐7 deficiency ameliorates d‐galactose‐induced aging in mice by regulating senescence of Kupffer cells
Authors: Wang Ya , Qiu Hui , Chen Shipeng , Li Dongmei , Zhao Xu , Guo Mengmeng , Li Nana , Chen Chao , Qin Ming , Zhou Ya , Xiao Daimin , Zhao Juanjuan , Xu Lin
Published: March 2024

Aging is intricately linked to immune system dysfunction. Recent studies have highlighted the biological function of microRNA‐7 (miR‐7) as a novel regulator of immune cell function and related diseases. However, the potential role of miR‐7 in aging remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the contribution of miR‐7 to d‐gal‐induced aging in mice, focusing on its regulation of senescent Kupffer cells. Our findings revealed that miR‐7 deficiency significantly ameliorated the aging process, characterized by enhanced CD4+ T‐cell activation. However, the adoptive transfer of miR‐7‐deficient CD4+T cells failed to improve the age‐related phenotype. Further analysis showed that miR‐7 deficiency significantly reduced IL‐1β production in liver tissue, and inhibiting IL‐1β in vivo slowed down the aging process in mice. Notably, IL‐1β is mainly produced by senescent Kupffer cells in the liver tissue of aging mice, and miR‐7 expression was significantly up‐regulated in these cells. Mechanistically, KLF4, a target of miR‐7, was down‐regulated in senescent Kupffer cells in aging mouse model. Furthermore, miR‐7 deficiency also modulated the NF‐κB activation and IL‐1β production in senescent Kupffer cells through KLF4. In conclusion, our findings unveil the role of miR‐7 in d‐gal‐induced aging in mice, highlighting its regulation of KLF4/NF‐κB/IL‐1β pathways in senescent Kupffer cells. This research may enhance our understanding of miRNA‐based aging immune cells and offer new avenues for new intervention strategies in aging process.
Elevation‐dependent patterns of borer‐mediated snow‐gum dieback are associated with subspecies' trait differences and environmental variation
Authors: Bryant Callum , Ball Marilyn C. , Borevitz Justin , Brookhouse Matthew T. , Carle Hannah , Cunningham Pia , Davey Mei , Davies James , Eason Ashleigh , Erskine Joseph D. , Fuenzalida Tomas I. , Grishin Dmitry , Harris Rosalie , Kriticos Jessica , Midson Aaron , Nicotra Adrienne B. , Nshuti Annabelle , Ward‐Jones Jessica , Yau Yolanda , Young Olivia , Bothwell Helen
Published: March 2024

Subalpine forests worldwide face the synergistic threats of global warming and increased biotic attack, and the collapse or transition of subalpine forests is predicted in south‐eastern Australia under future climates. The recent widespread dieback of subalpine snow‐gum forests due to increased activity of a native wood‐boring longicorn beetle, Phoracantha mastersii, suggests this process may already be underway. We investigated how variation in tree tissue traits and environmental conditions correlated with elevation‐dependent spatial patterns of forest mortality. We hypothesized that increased vulnerability of subalpine snow gums to wood‐borer‐mediated dieback at intermediate elevations was associated with poorly resolved differences in traits between montane (Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. pauciflora) and subalpine (E. pauciflora subsp. niphophila) snow‐gum subspecies. We first sought to characterize variation and elevation‐dependent transitions in 20 structural and drought‐related functional traits among 120 healthy trees distributed along a 1000 m elevation transect that spanned the subspecies transition zone. Secondly, we surveyed 774 trees across 53 sites between 1280 and 1980 m a.s.l. to explore associations between borer‐damage severity, elevation, subspecies and a subset of traits that differed between subspecies. We observed evidence for both continuous trait variation in response to changing elevation (10/20 traits) and discrete shifts in mean trait values across the transition between subspecies distributions (5/20 traits). Increased borer‐damage severity across the montane‐to‐subalpine subspecies transition was correlated with lower bark thickness, whereas reduced borer damage at the highest elevations was associated with greater precipitation and lower temperatures. Our results suggest that due to possessing distinct traits associated with increased borer susceptibility, subalpine snow‐gum forests may be subject to an increased risk of severe borer‐mediated forest dieback under warmer and drier future climates. Identifying traits contributing to species' distribution limits and biotic‐agent vulnerability remains critical for predicting, monitoring and possibly mitigating forest and vegetation declines under future climates.
Disrupted ageing in place: Urbanisation and displaced older villagers in Suzhou, China
Authors: Zhan Shaohua , Ye Jihong
Published: March 2024

Objective

This study examines the impacts of urbanisation‐induced displacement on rural older villagers and the issues of rebuilding ageing in place in Suzhou Municipality in China's Jiangsu Province.

Methods

The study employed a qualitative research method involving three measures of data collection, including 20 older‐adult interviews, 14 key informant interviews (with street and community administrators, managers of service companies, managers of nursing homes and community doctor) and participant observation of older villagers' daily life in urban resettlement communities.

Results

The displacement and resettlement of villagers for urbanisation had serious negative impacts on older villagers, including financial insecurity, relative deprivation and radical changes to the living environment. The community services were limited and insufficient, but the resettlement of the whole village in the same place enabled the village community to maintain social and cultural continuities, which facilitated older villagers' adaptation to the new urban place. Filial piety, though weakened and transformed, continued to play an important role in regulating old‐age support, but descending familism reduced family resources for old‐age support.

Conclusions

This study highlights the importance of examining the impacts of external social and economic forces, such urbanisation in China, on ageing in place. We draw three conclusions based on empirical research in Suzhou: (1) the resettlement of older villagers in urban areas did not significantly narrow the rural–urban gap in old‐age support in Suzhou; (2) urbanisation‐induced displacement in China affected older residents differently from gentrification in Western countries, due to different processes of compensation and resettlement as well as China's rural–urban welfare gap; and (3) community services for displaced older villagers are limited, but social and cultural continuities before and after resettlement have helped older villagers adapt to the new urban place.
Do ethnic, migration‐based, and regional language varieties put applicants at a disadvantage? A meta‐analysis of biases in personnel selection
Authors: Schulte Niklas , Basch Johannes M. , Hay Hannah‐Sophie , Melchers Klaus G.
Published: March 2024

This meta‐analysis examined biases in personnel selection owing to applicants' use of non‐standard language such as ethnic and migration‐based language varieties or regional dialects. The analysis summarized the results of 22 studies with a total N of 3615 raters that compared applicants with an accent or dialect with applicants speaking standard language. The primary studies used different standard and non‐standard languages and assessed different dependent variables related to hiring decisions in job interviews. The k = 109 effect sizes (Hedges' g) were assigned to the dependent variables of competence, warmth, and hirability. Non‐standard speakers were rated as less competent (δ = −0.70), less warm (δ = −0.17), and less hirable (δ = −0.51) compared to standard speakers. Thus, at the same level of competence, non‐standard speakers are rated lower than standard speakers and might, therefore, be disadvantaged in personnel selection contexts. We also considered several potential moderator variables (e.g., applicants' specific language variety, raters' own use of non‐standard language, and raters' background) but only found rather limited support for them. Furthermore, publication bias had only limited effects. Practical implications for personnel selection are discussed.
Who has the most to lose? How ICT demands undermine health‐oriented leadership
Authors: Klebe Laura , Felfe Jörg , Krick Annika , Tautz Dorothee
Published: March 2024

Research shows positive effects of Health‐oriented Leadership (HoL) on followers' health. However, irritation elicited by ICT hassles may reduce leaders' capacity to engage in staff care. This study examines whether ICT hassles are associated with staff care (i.e., health‐promoting follower‐directed leadership) via irritation and whether particularly those engaging in self‐care suffer more or less from ICT demands. A moderated mediation model was tested at three measurement points (N = 582 leaders).

As expected, results show more irritation for leaders with more ICT hassles which is further associated with less staff care. Moreover, the positive relationship between ICT hassles and irritation was stronger for leaders displaying high self‐care. In the same vein, the negative relationship between irritation and staff care was stronger for leaders engaging in self‐care.

Findings provide the first evidence that ICT hassles are negatively related to staff care via leaders' irritation. Leaders who engage in self‐care show less irritation and higher staff care but suffer more from ICT demands. To promote leaders' health and staff care in digital working contexts, organizations should provide reliable IT equipment and technical support. The study ties in with research on digital leadership and its antecedents and offers a new view on the interplay of demands and resources.
Trimodal therapy effect on survival in urothelial vs non‐urothelial bladder cancer
Authors: de Angelis Mario , Baudo Andrea , Siech Carolin , Jannello Letizia Maria Ippolita , Di Bello Francesco , Goyal Jordan A. , Tian Zhe , Longo Nicola , de Cobelli Ottavio , Chun Felix K. H. , Saad Fred , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Carmignani Luca , Gandaglia Giorgio , Moschini Marco , Montorsi Francesco , Briganti Alberto , Karakiewicz Pierre I.
Published: March 2024

Objective

To address cancer‐specific mortality free‐survival (CSM‐FS) differences in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (UCUB) vs non‐UCUB who underwent trimodal therapy (TMT), according to organ confined (OC: T2N0M0) vs non‐organ confined (NOC: T3–4NanyM0 or TanyN1–3M0) clinical stages.

Patients and Methods

Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004–2020), we identified patients with cT2–T4N0–N3M0 bladder cancer treated with TMT, defined as the combination of transurethral resection of bladder tumour, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Temporal trends described TMT use over time. Kaplan–Meier plots and multivariable Cox regression (MCR) models addressed CSM in UCUB vs non‐UCUB according to OC vs NOC stages.

Results

Of 5130 assessable TMT‐treated patients, 425 (8%) harboured non‐UCUB vs 4705 (92%) who had UCUB. The TMT rates increased for patients with OC UCUB from 92.4% to 96.8% (estimated annual percentage change of 0.4%, P < 0.001), but not in the NOC stages (P = 0.3). In the OC stage, the median CSM‐FS was 36 months in patients with non‐UCUB vs 60 months in those with UCUB, respectively (P = 0.01). Conversely, in the NOC stage, the median CSM‐FS was 23 months both in UCUB and non‐UCUB (P = 0.9). In the MCR models addressing OC stage, non‐UCUB histology independently predicted higher CSM (hazard ratio 1.45, P = 0.004), but not in the NOC stage (P = 0.9).

Conclusion

In OC UCUB, TMT rates have increased over time in a guideline‐consistent fashion. Patients with OC non‐UCUB treated with TMT showed a CSM disadvantage relative to OC UCUB. In the NOC stage, use of TMT resulted in dismal CSM, regardless of UCUB vs non‐UCUB histology.
Childhood attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder: socioeconomic inequalities in symptoms, impact, diagnosis and medication
Authors: Pearce Anna , Henery Paul , Katikireddi S. Vittal , Dundas Ruth , Leyland Alastair H. , Nicholls Dasha , Viner Russell M. , Fenton Lynda , Hope Steven
Published: March 2024

Background

Children from disadvantaged backgrounds are at greater risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)‐related symptoms, being diagnosed with ADHD, and being prescribed ADHD medications. We aimed to examine how inequalities manifest across the ‘patient journey’, from perceptions of impacts of ADHD symptoms on daily life, to the propensity to seek and receive a diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

We investigated four ‘stages’: (1) symptoms, (2) caregiver perception of impact, (3) diagnosis and (4) medication, in two data sets: UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS, analytic n ~ 9,000), with relevant (parent‐reported) information on all four stages (until 14 years); and a population‐wide ‘administrative cohort’, which includes symptoms (child health checks) and prescriptions (dispensing records), born in Scotland, 2010–2012 (analytic n ~ 100,000), until ~6 years. We described inequalities according to maternal occupational status, with percentages and relative indices of inequality (RII).

Results

The prevalence of ADHD symptoms and medication receipt was considerably higher in the least compared to the most advantaged children in the administrative cohort (RIIs of 5.9 [5.5–6.4] and 8.1 [4.2–15.6]) and the MCS (3.08 [2.68–3.55], 3.75 [2.21–6.36]). MCS analyses highlighted complexities between these two stages, however, those from least advantaged backgrounds, with ADHD symptoms, were the least likely to perceive impacts on daily life (15.7% vs. average 19.5%) and to progress from diagnosis to medication (44.1% vs. average 72.5%).

Conclusions

Despite large inequalities in ADHD symptoms and medication, parents from the least advantaged backgrounds were less likely to report impacts of ADHD symptoms on daily life, and their children were less likely to have received medication postdiagnosis, highlighting how patient journeys differed according to socioeconomic circumstances.
Beyond OPOSA: Courts reinforcing intergenerational equity as customary international law
Authors: Quising Josiah David F.
Published: March 2024

In recent years, children across the globe, such as Greta Thunberg and Kelsey Juliana, are seen at the front line of efforts to hold governments accountable for environmental damage. In the Philippines, the case of Oposa v. Factoran gave legal standing to minors and unborn generations invoking their constitutional right to a balanced and healthful ecology. The Philippine Supreme Court based its decision on intergenerational equity—a principle stating that every generation has an obligation to protect the environment for the next.

Representation of future generations in courts is not a new concept, nor is it unique to the Philippines. By examining national laws, treaties and conventions and court decisions by both domestic and international courts, this article aims to show how intergenerational equity has been widely recognised by almost all countries globally as evidence of state practice and opinio juris.

This article argues that the principle of intergenerational equity is ripe for consideration as customary international law and discusses how domestic and international courts and tribunals have been instrumental in establishing such and recommends that children and unborn generations be given legal standing as a necessary consequence.
Research progress in photodynamic therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Luo Qian , Liu Chunyan , Zhang Aiping , Zhang Dekui
Published: March 2024

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a pathogenic microorganism that colonizes the human gastric mucosa and can lead to various gastric disorders, including gastritis, gastric ulcers, and gastric cancer. However, the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance in H. pylori has prompted the search for alternative treatment options. Photodynamic therapy has emerged as a potential alternative therapy, thus offering the advantage of avoiding some of the side effects associated with antibiotics and effectively targeting drug‐resistant strains. In the postantibiotic era, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown promise as a novel treatment for H. pylori infection. This review focused on elucidating the mechanism of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of H. pylori. Additionally, we present an overview of the current research on photodynamic therapy by examining both standalone photodynamic therapy and combination therapies for H. pylori infection treatment. Furthermore, the safety profile of photodynamic therapy was also evaluated. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects associated with this innovative technology, with an aim to provide new insights and methodologies for the treatment of H. pylori infection.
Electrothermal effect of carbon fiber and graphite reinforced metakaolin‐based geopolymer
Authors: Zhang Yajun , Lin Jialong , Chen Shikun , Ruan Shengqian , Wang Wenxin , Liu Yi , Yan Dongming
Published: March 2024

This paper investigates the influence of carbon fiber and graphite on the cyclic electrothermal performance of geopolymers (inorganic polymers). It was observed that carbon fibers, graphite, and the carbon fiber/graphite composite could form a stable conductive network at low voltage (3 V). However, under high voltages (9 and 12 V), the current of the geopolymer exhibited a peak shape in the first cycle, with higher voltages resulting in larger peak values and decreased conductivity in subsequent cycles. While graphite improved electrical and thermal conductivity, it weakened the microstructure, leading to an increase in microcracks and voids, and a reduction in the strength of geopolymers. The cumulative energy during the electrothermal process was calculated. The failure mechanism of the conductive network in the geopolymer during cyclic electrical heating was explained, highlighting the disruptive effect of gel shrinkage due to water loss on conductive networks.
Anesthesia nurses’ self‐perceived roles, competencies, and attitudes toward patient safety culture
Authors: Chang An‐Chi , Tsai Yun‐Fang
Published: March 2024

Aim

This study aimed to explore anesthesia nurses' (ANs) perceptions of roles, competencies, and attitudes towards patient safety culture, along with predictive factors for patient safety culture.

Introduction

The 2021 guidelines from the International Council of Nurses aim to ensure global access to safe surgical and anesthesia care by 2030. However, in Taiwan, the roles and competencies of ANs are still evolving. Many have a limited understanding, posing potential risks to patient safety.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted, involving ANs from five hospitals within a healthcare foundation. ANs' self‐perceived roles and competencies were assessed using a structured questionnaire based on the CanMEDS framework from the International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists. Additionally, data were collected using the Chinese version of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. Reporting followed the STROBE guideline.

Results

Among 200 ANs, a consensus emerged favored all roles and competencies, with positive attitudes toward patient safety culture. Remarkably, self‐perceived competencies, working in regional hospitals, and working in medical centers significantly predicted ANs’ attitude toward patient safety culture.

Discussion

The study results can assist ANs in gaining a deeper understanding of their roles and competencies. Considering predictive factors, strengthening ANs' competencies may contribute to enhancing patient safety culture.

Conclusion and implication for nursing and health policy

Our results informed nursing leaders and policymakers in Taiwan and other countries regarding ANs’ perceptions of roles and competencies. Nurse managers could consider the specific factors influencing ANs’ attitudes toward patient safety culture and make great efforts to develop strategies aimed at enhancing their competencies.
Stress as a mediator between abusive supervision and clinical nurses’ work outcomes
Authors: Labrague Leodoro J.
Published: March 2024

Aims

This study aimed to test whether stress could mediate the association between abusive supervision and nurses’ work engagement, absenteeism, and turnover intention.

Background

Abusive supervision has been attributed to suboptimal work performance and reduced productivity among employees in different sectors. While existing nursing literature links abusive supervision to a wide range of work‐related outcomes in the nursing workforce, little is known regarding the mechanism underlying this relationship.

Design

Data for this descriptive study were collected from 770 direct‐care nurses from seven acute care hospitals in the Philippines, utilizing five standardized scales.

Results

Abusive supervision had direct positive effects on absenteeism (β = .189, p < .001) and intent to leave (β = .138, p < .001) and a direct negative effect on job engagement (β = −.131, p < .001). The relationships between abusive supervision and absenteeism (β = .175, p < .001), intent to leave (β = .131, p < .001), and work engagement (β = −.122, p < .001) were partially mediated by stress.

Conclusions

Stress mediated the relationship between abusive supervision and nurses’ work outcomes, including turnover intention, absenteeism, and work disengagement.

Implications for nursing and health policy

The evident connection between abusive supervision, stress, and work‐related outcomes underscores the importance of focusing on enhancing managerial supervisory styles as a potential organizational strategy to enhance staff retention and well‐being.
Risk of COVID‐19 Hospitalization and Protection Associated With mRNA Vaccination Among US Adults With Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Levy Matthew E. , Yang Duck‐Hye , Dunne Margaret M. , Miley Kathleen , Irving Stephanie A. , Grannis Shaun J. , Weber Zachary A. , Griggs Eric P. , Spark Talia L. , Bassett Elizabeth , Embi Peter J. , Gaglani Manjusha , Natarajan Karthik , Valvi Nimish R. , Ong Toan C. , Naleway Allison L. , Stenehjem Edward , Klein Nicola P. , Link‐Gelles Ruth , DeSilva Malini B. , Kharbanda Anupam B. , Raiyani Chandni , Beaton Maura A. , Dixon Brian E. , Rao Suchitra , Dascomb Kristin , Patel Palak , Mamawala Mufaddal , Han Jungmi , Fadel William F. , Barron Michelle A. , Grisel Nancy , Dickerson Monica , Liao I‐Chia , Arndorfer Julie , Najdowski Morgan , Murthy Kempapura , Ray Caitlin , Tenforde Mark W. , Ball Sarah W.
Published: March 2024

Background

Although psychiatric disorders have been associated with reduced immune responses to other vaccines, it remains unknown whether they influence COVID‐19 vaccine effectiveness (VE). This study evaluated risk of COVID‐19 hospitalization and estimated mRNA VE stratified by psychiatric disorder status.

Methods

In a retrospective cohort analysis of the VISION Network in four US states, the rate of laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19‐associated hospitalization between December 2021 and August 2022 was compared across psychiatric diagnoses and by monovalent mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination status using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

Among 2,436,999 adults, 22.1% had ≥1 psychiatric disorder. The incidence of COVID‐19‐associated hospitalization was higher among patients with any versus no psychiatric disorder (394 vs. 156 per 100,000 person‐years, p < 0.001). Any psychiatric disorder (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.27; 95% CI, 1.18–1.37) and mood (aHR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.15–1.36), anxiety (aHR, 1.33, 95% CI, 1.22–1.45), and psychotic (aHR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.14–1.74) disorders were each significant independent predictors of hospitalization. Among patients with any psychiatric disorder, aHRs for the association between vaccination and hospitalization were 0.35 (95% CI, 0.25–0.49) after a recent second dose, 0.08 (95% CI, 0.06–0.11) after a recent third dose, and 0.33 (95% CI, 0.17–0.66) after a recent fourth dose, compared to unvaccinated patients. Corresponding VE estimates were 65%, 92%, and 67%, respectively, and were similar among patients with no psychiatric disorder (68%, 92%, and 79%).

Conclusion

Psychiatric disorders were associated with increased risk of COVID‐19‐associated hospitalization. However, mRNA vaccination provided similar protection regardless of psychiatric disorder status, highlighting its benefit for individuals with psychiatric disorders.
Simplified COVID‐19 guidance for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Benson‐Goldberg Sofia , Geist Lori , Erickson Karen
Published: March 2024

Background

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the United States' Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) created guidance documents that were too complex to be read and understood by the majority of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities who often read at or below a third‐grade reading level. This study explored the extent to which these adults could read and understand CDC documents simplified using Minimised Text Complexity Guidelines.

Method

This study involved 20 participants, 18–48 years of age. Participants read texts and responded to multiple‐choice items and open‐ended questions to gather information about how they interacted with and understood the texts.

Results

The results provide initial evidence that the Minimised Text Complexity Guidelines resulted in texts that participants could read and understand.

Conclusion

Implications for increasing the accessibility of public health information so that it can be read and understood by adults with extremely low literacy skills are discussed.
Evolutionary causes of global patterns of species richness in regional fern floras across the world
Authors: Qian Hong , Kessler Michael , Zhang Jian , Jin Yi , Jiang Meichen
Published: March 2024

Aim

Globally, biodiversity is unevenly distributed, as a result of varying environmental conditions and regionally different historical processes. The influence of the latter on current diversity patterns is poorly understood. We explore geographic patterns of matches and mismatches between phylogenetic relatedness metrics measuring different depths of evolutionary history and investigate the effects of evolutionary legacy at different evolutionary depths on species density of ferns.

Methods

We divided the globe into 392 geographic regions on land, and collated species lists of ferns for each geographic region. We related species richness to phylogenetic metrics reflecting different depths of evolutionary history (standardized effect sizes of mean nearest taxon distance and mean pairwise distance, MNTDses and MPDses, respectively) for ferns in regional floras across the world.

Location

Global.

Time Period

Current.

Taxon

Ferns.

Results

We show that different centers of fern diversity have strikingly different phylogenetic composition. We find that overall fern species diversity is negatively correlated with both MNTDses and MPDses, so that regions with high species diversity tend to have clustered species assemblages, whereas species‐poor regions tend to have overdispersed species assemblages. At the global extent, MNTDses and MPDses together explained 62.2%, 19.3%, and 65.7% of the variation in species diversity for all ferns as a whole, non‐polypod ferns, and polypods, respectively.

Main Conclusions

Our study suggests that current geographic patterns of fern species richness are driven, at least in part, by evolutionary history of ferns, which varies among biogeographic regions.
New horizons in dermatological education: Skin cancer screening with virtual reality
Authors: Junga Anna , Schmidle Paul , Pielage Leon , Schulze Henriette , Hätscher Ole , Ständer Sonja , Marschall Bernhard , Braun Stephan Alexander ,   the medicaltr.AI.ning Consortium
Published: March 2024

Background

Technological advances in the field of virtual reality (VR) offer new opportunities in many areas of life, including medical education. The University of Münster has been using VR scenarios in the education of medical students for several years, especially for situations that are difficult to reproduce in reality (e.g., brain death). Due to the consistently positive feedback from students, a dermatological VR scenario for skin cancer screening was developed.

Objectives

Presentation and first evaluation of the skin cancer screening VR scenario to determine to what extent the technical implementation of the scenario was evaluated overall by the students and how their subjective competence to perform a skin cancer screening changed over the course of the teaching unit (theory seminar, VR scenario, theoretical debriefing).

Methods

Students (n = 140) participating in the curricular pilot project during the 2023 summer term were surveyed throughout the teaching unit using several established questionnaires (System Usability Scale, Simulation Task‐Load‐Index, Realism and Presence Questionnaire) as well as additional questions on cybersickness and subjective learning.

Results

(i) The use of VR is technically feasible, (ii) students evaluate the VR scenario as a useful curricular supplement, and (iii) from the students' subjective perspective, a good learning outcome is achieved. Although preparation and follow‐up appear to be important for overall learning, the greatest increase in subjective competence to perform a skin cancer screening is achieved by the VR scenario.

Conclusions

Technically feasible and positively evaluated by students, VR can already be a useful addition to dermatology education, although costs are still high. As a visual discipline, dermatology offers special opportunities to create VR scenarios that are not always available or comfortable for patients in reality. Additionally, VR scenarios guarantee the same conditions for all students, which is essential for a high‐quality education.
Frailty as an upstream target for intervention: A unifying approach to intervening in the trajectories of health, function, and disease in late life
Authors: Callahan Kathryn E. , Kuchel George A.
Published: March 2024

This editorial comments on the article by Deiner et al. in this issue.
Effect of glabridin combined with bakuchiol on UVB‐induced skin damage and its underlying mechanism: An experimental study
Authors: Peng Guanjie , Li Yangsi , Zeng Yiyan , Sun Bowen , Zhang Lanyue , Liu Qingqing
Published: March 2024

Background

Research has demonstrated the anti‐photoaging properties of glabridin and bakuchiol.

Methods

The impact of glabridin, glabridin + bakuchiol, and bakuchiol on the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) in mice skin fibroblasts was observed. Furthermore, we investigated the potential roles of fibronectin (FN), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), interleukin‐22 (IL‐22), and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) in the tissues, and evaluated their impact on the enzymatic levels in the skin. In conjunction with transcriptomic analysis, metabolomic profiling, and network pharmacology, all samples underwent comprehensive metabolomic and principal component analysis. The Venny2.1 method was utilized to identify variances in shared metabolites between the treatment group and the UVB group, as well as between the UVB group and the control group. Subsequently, a cluster heat map was generated to forecast and analyze metabolic pathways and targets.

Results

The outcomes from the hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue staining revealed that glabridin and bakuchiol markedly decreased dermal thickness and suppressed mast cell infiltration in photoaged mice. Immunohistochemistry and Elisa analysis revealed that glabridin and bakuchiol effectively attenuated the levels of pro‐inflammatory factors, including IL‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α, IL‐22, and IFN‐γ. Furthermore, an increase in the levels of anti‐inflammatory factors such as FN and TGF‐β was also observed. The determination of the contents of superoxide dismutase, hydroxypropyltransferase and malondialdehyde in mice dorsal skin revealed that glabridin and bakuchiol not only elevated the levels of superoxide dismutase and hydroxyproline, but also reduced malondialdehyde content. Due to the limited number of shared differential metabolites exclusively within Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, comprehensive pathway enrichment analysis was not feasible.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that glabridin and bakuchiol effectively impede photoaging and alleviate skin inflammation in mice.
Skin rejuvenation through topical application of indocyanine green with diffractive optical element mode of 785 nm picosecond laser in Asian females
Authors: Jung Dayeon , Seung Na Reu , Seo Suk Bae , Park Eun Joo , Kim Kwang Ho
Published: March 2024

Background

Indocyanine green (ICG) exhibits robust absorption near 800 nm.

Aims

To examine the clinical effects of combining ICG with a 785 nm picosecond laser for treating photo‐aged skin.

Patient/Methods

A 785 nm 600 picosecond laser was used on the facial area of 16 female patients with Fitzpatrick skin type III and IV (mean age: 58.44 ± 5.24 years) after applying 0.0125% ICG cream. A total of 3000 shots were administered in diffractive optical element mode at a pulse energy of 200 mJ and frequency of 10 Hz. Hyperpigmented lesions were treated using the Zoom handpiece set at a spot size of 3–4 mm, pulse energy of 60–120 mJ, and frequency of 3–7 Hz. Patients underwent five sessions of treatment at intervals of 1–2 weeks. Wrinkles, pores and pigmented lesions were assessed at the initial assessment and 4 weeks after the final treatment using the Modified Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Scale and 10‐point visual analog scale, respectively. Skin biopsy of the postauricular area was performed on two consenting patients.

Results

Significant improvements in wrinkles (p = 0.02), pores (p = 0.034), and hyperpigmentation (p = 0.036) were observed, along with increased patient subjective improvement. Adverse effects were transient and well‐tolerated. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining revealed increased and thickened dermal collagen fibers. Immunohistochemical staining revealed increased expression of collagen I and III throughout the papillary and upper reticular dermis, along with diffuse increase of STRO‐1 in the dermis.

Conclusions

The combined application of a 785 nm picosecond laser and ICG yielded promising clinical outcomes for treating photo‐aged skin in Asian patients with Fitzpatrick skin type III and IV.
Efficacy of isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol for prevention of laser‐induced post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation: A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Vachiramon Vasanop , Sakpuwadol Nawara , Yongpisarn Tanat , Anuntrangsee Tanaporn , Palakornkitti Pasita
Published: March 2024

Background

Q‐switched (QS) Nd: YAG laser is one of the treatment options for solar lentigines (SLs). However, the incidence of post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a common complication, especially in dark‐complexioned skin. Isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol (ITR) has been reported as a preventive modality for ultraviolet B (UVB)‐induced hyperpigmentation.

Aims

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ITR for the prevention of laser‐induced PIH.

Patients/Methods

A randomized, evaluator‐blinded study including 24 subjects with SLs was conducted. Three SLs of each patient were randomized into three groups, which were to apply ITR twice daily, once daily, and no application for 2 weeks. Thereafter, 532‐nm QS Nd: YAG laser was performed. Incidence of laser‐induced PIH, relative melanin index (RMI), mean luminance score (L*), hyperpigmentation score, and adverse events were recorded for 2 months post‐laser.

Results

The incidence of PIH at the 4th week after laser treatment was significantly lower in the ITR twice‐daily group compared to the no‐application group (20.83% vs. 50%, p = 0.028). There was no statistically significant difference in RMI, mean L*, and hyperpigmentation score between treatments at all visits. No serious adverse events were reported regarding ITR application and laser treatment.

Conclusion

Two‐week application of ITR prior to QS: Nd YAG laser treatment may potentially reduce the incidence of PIH. A longer duration of application, including after the laser procedure, may be more beneficial for the prevention of laser‐induced PIH.
Positional and conformist effects in voluntary public good provision
Authors: Cabo Francisco , Jean‐Marie Alain , Tidball Mabel
Published: March 2024

The literature featuring game–theoretical models aimed at explaining the effect of the status concerns on the voluntary provision of a public good is generally focused on snob agents, driven by a desire for exclusiveness. However, the social context literature highlights that status concerns can give rise to a desire, in some individuals to be different from the “common herd,” and in some others to conform with other people. We analyze a two‐player public good game under two different settings: The standard case with two positional players (PPs), versus the case in which the positional player faces a conformist player (PC). Giving entrance to conformism has two main implications. Strong status concerns by both players can lead to a virtuous cycle in which the conformist player wishes to imitate the contributing behavior of the positional player, and the latter wishes to increase contribution to distinguish herself from the former. Then, the contribution to the public good can be higher than in the case with only snob agents. This higher contribution can increase social welfare, but only if endowments are not too large and the status concern of the positional player is not excessively high.
Updated ACVIM consensus statement on equine herpesvirus‐1
Authors: Lunn David P. , Burgess Brandy A , Dorman David C. , Goehring Lutz S. , Gross Peggy , Osterrieder Klaus , Pusterla Nicola , Soboll Hussey Gisela
Published: March 2024

Equine herpesvirus‐1 (EHV‐1) is a highly prevalent and frequently pathogenic infection of equids. The most serious clinical consequences of infection are abortion and equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM). The previous consensus statement was published in 2009 and considered pathogenesis, strain variation, epidemiology, diagnostic testing, vaccination, outbreak prevention and control, and treatment. A recent survey of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine large animal diplomates identified the need for a revision to this original consensus statement. This updated consensus statement is underpinned by 4 systematic reviews that addressed key questions concerning vaccination, pharmaceutical treatment, pathogenesis, and diagnostic testing. Evidence for successful vaccination against, or effective treatment of EHV‐1 infection was limited, and improvements in experimental design and reporting of results are needed in future studies of this important disease. This consensus statement also updates the topics considered previously in 2009.