bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of proximal and distal laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy for complete duplex kidneys in children
Authors: Zhu Xiao-Jiang , Huang Li-Qu , Liu Saisai , Dong Jun , Zhu Hao-Bo , Chen Chen-Jun , Wang Li-Xia , Guo Yun-Fei , Deng Yong-Ji , Lu Ru-Gang
Published: June 2024

Objective

To compare efficacy of proximal and distal laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy (UU) for complete duplex kidneys in children.

Methods

Patients who underwent laparoscopic UU for complete duplex kidneys between December 2016 and July 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. 71 patients who had normal lower pole moiety without vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) were recruited. All of them underwent ultrasound, voiding cystourethrography (VCUG), renal scintigraphy, and magnetic resonance urography preoperatively. Proximal laparoscopic UU was performed in 35 patients and distal laparoscopic UU in 36 patients. Double J stents were placed in normal lower pole moieties. Clinical data, including general information, diagnosis, surgical management, imaging characteristics, clinical symptoms and postoperative complications (classified according to the modified Clavien–Dindo classification), and length of stay were recorded. Measurement date comparisons between groups were performed by t test, counting date were analyzed by chi-square test.

Results

The study consisted of 71 patients (56 females and 15 males) with complete duplex kidneys (41 in left kidney and 30 in right kidney). The patients’ mean age was 34 m (range 3–161 m) and follow-up ranged from 25 to 81 m. No significant difference was found in age and follow-up time between the two groups. Laparoscopic UU was performed in all patients successfully. The operation time of the two groups was 108.42 ± 26.95 min for distal UU vs 121.46 ± 35.15 min for proximal UU(p = 0.14). No significant difference in postoperative complications was seen between the two groups (22.2% vs 31.4%, p = 0.345). However, in terms of the grading of postoperative complications, the proximal UU group had a higher grade (3 of them had a grade of IV) and more serious complications.

Conclusions

There was no significant difference in the overall incidence of complications between distal and proximal UU. Compared with proximal laparoscopic UU, distal laparoscopic UU is easier to perform with less injury to the peripheral tissues. Postoperative complications of proximal UU are more serious and more difficult to manage. We recommend complete duplex kidney ureteral reconstruction with distal UU.
SNP genotyping Dutch heritage apple cultivars allows for germplasm characterization, curation, and pedigree reconstruction using genotypic data from multiple collection sites across the world
Authors: Larsen Bjarne , van Dooijeweert Willem , Durel Charles-Eric , Denancé Caroline , Rutten Marcel , Howard Nicholas P.
Published: June 2024

The curation and preservation of Dutch apple germplasm depends on reliable accession level information. However, many accessions of Dutch heirloom apple cultivars maintained publicly by the “Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands” (CGN) and privately by Dutch pomological societies lack information regarding true-to-typeness and pedigree ancestry. The aim of this study was to address this knowledge gap by genotyping 652 apple accessions maintained in the CGN collection and Dutch private collections, compare their genotypic information to each other and to a large database of apple cultivars from around the world to identify genotypic duplicates and pedigree relationships for the Dutch apple cultivars. Towards this aim, accessions were genotyped on the 20 K Illumina Infinium(R) apple SNP array and with 15 SSR markers. Each accession was assigned to a genotypic profile code (MUNQ codes, as used in previous studies) facilitating communication regarding genotypic duplicates. There were 211 (51.1%) genotypic profiles in the Dutch germplasm which were not identified in other germplasm collections. Private collections maintained many of these unique accessions, including important pedigree ancestors. The study identified a number of common pedigree ancestors of Dutch cultivars, such as ‘Herfst Bloem Soete’, ‘Huismanszoet’ (2), and ‘Reinette Rouge Étoilée’. The duplicate and pedigree reconstruction results and relevant literature descriptions were used to pomologically verify the identity of relevant accessions. The results of this study resolved identity disputes, helped to decide which accessions should be retained or included in the CGN collection, and benefited ongoing pomological studies in ancestry and provenance of traditional Dutch cultivars.
Influence of grain concentrations gradients on the profiling behaviour of bronze bonded diamond grinding wheels
Authors: Denkena Berend , Bergmann Benjamin , Raffalt Daniel , Tontsch Maximilian
Published: June 2024

In this work, diamond grinding wheels are first manufactured with two different metallic bonds. These are a ductile and a brittle bronze. Two differently graded (varied grain concentration) grinding wheels and two non-graded reference grinding wheels are manufactured in each case. The mechanical properties of these are then determined. Subsequently, a method is presented that enables the profiling of graded grinding wheels. For this purpose, the grinding wheels are profiled with SiC rolls using different profiling parameters. The profile accuracy after profiling is analysed using contour profiles in polyurethane. In addition, the dressing ratio and the process duration of profiling are measured. These parameters are used to determine the economic efficiency of the profiling process. Finally, this provides a bond-dependent profiling process that can economically and reproducibly generate a target contour on a grinding tool.
Analysis of gastric electrical rhythm in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wang Xixi , Ma Lianhua , Jiang Miao , Zhu Hong , Ni Chendong , Yang Xiaohua , Hu Ji , Zhang Hong-Hong
Published: June 2024

Aim

To analysis the change of electrogastrogram (EGG) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and evaluate the prevalence of abnormal gastric electrical rhythm (AGER) and its relative influencing factors.

Methods

A total of 65 patients with T2DM hospitalized at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from Dec. 2020 to Dec. 2021 were included in the cross-sectional study. General information, clinical data, and medical history data of all study subjects, including name, gender, body mass index (BMI), duration of diabetes, anti-diabetic therapies, high blood pressure (HBP) history, smoking history, and medication history, were completely collected. The results of laboratory tests, including biochemical parameters, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting C-peptide, 2 h postprandial C-peptide, 24 h urine total protein (24 hUTP), urine microalbumin creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were recorded. EGG, Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI), gastric emptying ultrasound, fundus examination, carotid artery ultrasonography, cardiac autonomic function test, heart rate variability (HRV) were all examined and recorded as well. According to the results of EGG, the subjects were divided into normal gastric electrical rhythm (NGER) group and abnormal gastric electrical rhythm (AGER) group.

Results

(1) Fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, the presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) were significantly higher in the AGER group (p < 0.05). Low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF), the indicators of HRV, were significantly lower in the AGER group (p < 0.05). In addition, the prevalence of feeling excessively full after meals, loss of appetite, and stomach or belly visibly larger after meals of gastrointestinal symptoms of gastroparesis were significantly higher in the AGER group (p < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that FBG and the prevalence of DCAN were the independent risk factors.

Conclusion

AGER was associated with high FBG and the presence of DCAN. EGG examination is recommended for patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and clues of DCAN.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia in children cancer hospital Egypt
Authors: Semary Samah , Hammad Mahmoud , Yassin Dina , El Sharkawy Nahla , Soliman Sonya , Salem Sherine , Ezzat Emad , Mosa Ahmed , Ahmed Sonia
Published: June 2024

Background

Pediatric acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) accounts for 5 to 15% of all myelocytic leukemia. A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients diagnosed and treated with APL was conducted at CCHE from July 2012 to the end of December 2019, to report the prevalence, clinical characteristics, results, and risk factors associated with induction failure and early death.

Result

Sixty-two patients were reported, with an age greater than ten, an initial poor coagulation profile, and a total leukocyte count (TLC) greater than 30 103/mm3 influencing 5-year overall (OS) and event-free survival (EFS), as well as a high promyelocyte count affecting 5-year EFS. Patients received a regimen based on the COG AAML0631 protocol. High-risk patients with an initial TLC > 10 × 103/mm3 and an initial promyelocytic count of 30% or more with a substantial P-value are prognostic markers for early death during induction. In females, wild FLT3 increases the risk of differentiation syndrome (DS). Receiving steroids with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induction may reduce the occurrence of DS. Relapse alters the outcome. In the current study, 45 patients are alive in complete remission, with a 5-year OS of 72.5% and a 5-year EFS of 69.4%, respectively.

Conclusion

Pediatric APL outcomes are influenced by age above 10, an initial poor coagulation profile, and a promyelocyte count of more than 10%. An initial leukocyte count of more than 10 × 103/mm and an initial promyelocytic count of more than 30% increase the risk of early death. Receiving steroids with ATRA may reduce the occurrence of DS.
Insights into the prognostic value and immunological role of CD74 in pan-cancer
Authors: Liu Zebiao , Chen Mingquan , Zheng Wanhua , Yuan Shicheng , Zhao Wenli
Published: June 2024

Background

CD74 is a non-polymorphic type II transmembrane glycoprotein. It is involved in the regulation of T and B cell development, and dendritic cell (DC) motility. Numerous studies have found that CD74 exerts an essential role in tumor immunity, but the expression profile of CD74 is still not systematically reported, and its value in human pan-cancer analysis is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the expression pattern of CD74 in 33 cancers, and evaluated the significance of CD74 in prognosis prediction and cancer immunity.

Methods

Pan-cancer dataset from UCSC Xena.We used the Sangerbox website combined with R software’ Timer, CIBERSORT method and IOBR package to analyze and plot the data. Survival was assessed using the Kaplan—Meier method and log—rank test for 33 cancer types (p < 0.05). In addition, to explore the relationship between CD74 expression and immune checkpoints, immune cell infiltration, tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI), Spearman correlation analysis was performed.

Results

This study comprehensively analyzed CD74 expression in 33 different tumor types, revealing that CD74 play an crucial role in cancer formation and development.

Conclusions

CD74 gene expression in different cancers is associated with immune cell infiltration and immunomodulators and may provide a promising target for survival and immunotherapy. Our study shows that CD74 has an essential role as a biomarker of prognosis during tumor development, which highlights the possibility of new targeted therapies.
Optimization Strategies for Corrosion Management in Industries with Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Technology: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kumari Preethi , Lavanya Mulky
Published: June 2024

The rising cases of corrosion problems in pipelines, refineries, water treatment and petrochemical plants, as well as in power generation plants in recent time have been attributed to industrialization. The longevity and dependability of essential assets must be ensured through effective corrosion management. The various techniques applied for corrosion protection are discussed in this review. But in recent years, the development of response surface methods (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) has shown exciting prospects to transform the corrosion monitoring process. This review paper gives a thorough overview of corrosion optimisation strategies. The role of ANN and RSM in predicting corrosion using various parameters is discussed. By providing insights into the current state of research on ANN, this paper aims to promote a deeper understanding. The review emphasises how crucial it is to adequately manage corrosion if essential assets are to last a long time and function consistently.
A Qualitative Analysis of South African Pre-service Life Sciences Teachers’ Behavioral Intentions for Integrating AI in Teaching
Authors: Mnguni Lindelani
Published: June 2024

This paper explores pre-service life sciences teachers’ behavioral intentions toward integrating artificial intelligence into life sciences teaching. Despite the growing influence of AI in education, there is limited understanding of the factors affecting teachers’ willingness to integrate AI into life sciences teaching. These factors could inform policy-making and educational practice for AI adoption in the life sciences teaching. The current research aimed to identify key determinants influencing teachers’ behavioral intentions to adopt AI in life sciences teaching. The research followed a qualitative approach involving semi-structured interviews with 10 purposively selected pre-service life sciences teachers in South Africa. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data. The findings reveal that behavioral intentions are shaped by multiple factors within the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Attitudes toward AI integration in life sciences education included themes such as pedagogical benefits, practical limitations, and philosophical concerns. Behavioral beliefs encompassed the advantages and disadvantages of AI adoption. Subjective norms highlighted inter-generational differences, administrative issues, stakeholder roles, and resource constraints. Normative beliefs included organizational authority, peer influence, parental concerns, and policy funding. The findings have important implications for policy and practice, highlighting the need for targeted training and resource allocation for effective AI integration in life sciences education.
Elucidating impact of solvent and pH in synthesizing silver nanoparticles via green and chemical route
Authors: Das Upama , Daimari Nikhil Kumar , Biswas Rajib , Mazumder Nirmal
Published: June 2024

This study reports synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in various solvent media namely, ethanol, propanol, acetone, ammonia, water, and N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP) by chemical and biosynthesized routes. The impact of solvent on the optical and structural characteristics of AgNPs were studied by using UV–Vis spectrophotometer and X-ray diffractometer respectively. AgNPs prepared via chemical route in the solvents water, NMP, and ethanol displayed significant absorbance peaks between 400 and 450 nm hinting formation of NPs. Meanwhile, in case of AgNPs prepared via biosynthesized route using Ocimum sanctum leaves extract, in solvent water, ethanol, acetone, and NMP, there emerged absorbance peaks between 400 and 470 nm. Furthermore, the silver precursor in NMP solvent without any reducing agent showed prominent absorbance peak at around 429 nm. XRD peaks provided confirmation of the crystalline nature of AgNPs exhibiting Face Centred Cubic (FCC) structure. The effect on optical properties were also studied by altering the pH before and after the synthesis. In essence, the study provides valuable insights into preparation of AgNPs using different solvents and pH conditions, which could be useful in various fields such as sensing, medicine, electronics, and catalysis.
Crowdsourcing the influence of physical features on the likely use of public open spaces
Authors: Milias Vasileios , Teeuwen Roos , Bozzon Alessandro , Psyllidis Achilleas
Published: June 2024

The configuration of public open spaces plays a crucial role in shaping how different people use them. Nevertheless, our understanding of how the physical features of public open spaces influence the activities conducted within them, and the extent to which this impact differs across various individuals and population groups, is currently limited. In this study, we explore how the physical characteristics of public open spaces influence the likelihood of use among individuals, spanning different age and gender groups. By employing crowdsourcing, street-level imagery, statistical comparisons, and reflexive thematic analysis we uncover significant variations in the suitability of public open spaces for distinct activities, such as socializing or exercising. Greenspaces emerge as the preferred choice for almost all activities, whereas streets are consistently rated as the least suitable. Additionally, we identified various characteristics that influence the activities people are likely to engage in. These include the size of the space, the presence of seating, natural elements such as vegetation or water bodies, and the proximity to transport infrastructure. Surprisingly, we do not observe statistically significant differences in preferences among most age and gender groups. Overall, our study underscores the need for providing a diverse range of public open spaces tailored to accommodate different individuals, population groups, and activities.
3-pre-Leibniz Algebras, Deformations and Cohomologies of Relative Rota-Baxter Operators on 3-Leibniz Algebras
Authors: Hu Meiyan , Hou Shuai , Song Lina , Zhou Yanqiu
Published: June 2024

In this paper, first we introduce the notions of 3-pre-Leibniz algebras and relative Rota-Baxter operators on 3-Leibniz algebras. We show that a 3-pre-Leibniz algebra gives rise to a 3-Leibniz algebra and a representation such that the identity map is a relative Rota-Baxter operator. Conversely, a relative Rota-Baxter operator naturally induces a 3-pre-Leibniz algebra. Then we construct a Lie 3-algebra, and characterize relative Rota-Baxter operators as its Maurer-Cartan elements. Consequently, we obtain the

$$L_\infty$$

L
∞

-algebra that controls deformations of relative Rota-Baxter operators on 3-Leibniz algebras. Next we define the cohomology of relative Rota-Baxter operators on 3-Leibniz algebras and show that infinitesimal deformations of a relative Rota-Baxter operator are classified by the second cohomology group. Finally, we construct an

$$L_\infty$$

L
∞

-algebra whose Maurer-Cartan elements are relative Rota-Baxter 3-Leibniz algebra structures, and define the cohomology of relative Rota-Baxter 3-Leibniz algebras.
From data to decisions: evaluating flood vulnerability in the Sindh watershed through Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Sofi Mohd Sharjeel , Rautela Kuldeep Singh , Muslim Mohd , Bhat Sami Ullah
Published: June 2024

Floods are recurrent global catastrophes causing substantial disruptions to human life, extensive land degradation, and economic losses. This study aims to identify flood-triggering watershed features and employ a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model to delineate flood-prone zones. Weights for various flood-influencing factors (slope, rainfall, drainage density, land-use/land-cover, geology, elevation, and soil) were derived using a 7 × 7 AHP decision matrix, reflecting their relative importance. A Consistency Ratio (CR) of 0.089 (within acceptable limits) confirms the validity of the assigned weights. The analysis identified approximately 128.51 km2 as highly vulnerable to flooding, particularly encompassing the entire stretch of riverbanks within the watershed. Historically, snow avalanches and flash floods have been the primary water-related disasters in the region, posing significant threats to critical infrastructure. In this context, this model-based approach facilitates the proactive identification of susceptible areas, thereby promoting improved flood risk mitigation and response strategies.
Adenine base editor corrected ADPKD point mutations in hiPSCs and kidney organoids
Authors: Wang Jingwen , Qiu Yanling , Zhang Lei , Zhou Xinyao , Hu Sihui , Liu Qianyi , Yin Sisi , Su Zehong , Liu Simiao , Liu Haiying , Wu Xueqing , Huang Junjiu
Published: June 2024

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a dominant genetic disorder caused primarily by mutations in the PKD1 gene, resulting in the formation of numerous cysts and eventually kidney failure. However, there are currently no gene therapy studies aimed at correcting PKD1 gene mutations. In this study, we identified two mutation sites associated with ADPKD, c.1198 (C > T) and c.8311 (G > A), which could potentially be corrected by adenine base editor (ABE). The correction efficiencies of different ABE variants were tested using the HEK293T-PKD1 c.1198 (C > T) and HEK293T-PKD1 c.8311 (G > A) reporter cell lines. We then generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCsmut/WT) from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the heterozygous patient to develop a disease cell model. Since the iPSCsmut/WT did not exhibit a typical disease phenotype in stem cell status, differentiation into kidney organoids in vitro led to the expression of kidney organ-specific marker proteins. Stimulation of cAMP signaling with forskolin resulted in cystic expansion of renal epithelial tissue in iPSCmut/WT-derived kidney organoids, resembling the cystic phenotype observed in ADPKD patients. However, kidney organoids differentiated from ABE-corrected iPSCs did not display the cystic phenotype. Furthermore, we used a dual AAV split-ABEmax system as a therapeutic strategy and achieved an average editing efficiency of approximately 6.56% in kidney organoids. Overall, this study provides a framework for gene therapy targeting ADPKD through ABE single-base editing, offering promising prospects for future therapeutic interventions.
The Dynamic Crust of Northern Afar and Adjacent Rift Margins: New Evidence From Receiver Function Analysis in Eritrea and Ethiopia
Authors: Gauntlett M. , Stephenson S. N. , Kendall J.‐M. , Ogden C. , Hammond J. O. S. , Hudson T. , Goitom B. , Ogubazghi G.
Published: June 2024

Afar is undergoing the final stages of continental rifting and hosts the triple junction between the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Main Ethiopian rifts. To better understand the nature of the crust and continental breakup in the region, we calculate teleseismic receiver functions across northeastern Afar and the Danakil microplate, using new data from a regional deployment in Eritrea. We estimate the Moho depth and bulk crustal VP/VS ratio using the H‐κ stacking method. The heterogeneity of our crustal thickness estimates (∼19–35 km) indicates that the Danakil microplate has undergone stretching and crustal thinning. By investigating the relationship between crustal thickness and topographic elevation, we estimate the regional crustal bulk density as ρc ≈ 2,850 ± 20 kg m−3, which is higher than expected, given the crustal thickness of the region. We show that topography is 1.5 ± 0.4 km higher than would be expected due to crustal isostasy alone. We propose that this topography is supported by the same hot mantle upwelling suggested to be responsible for the onset of rifting in East Africa. Uplift is generated due to the presence of a hot thermal anomaly beneath the plate and by thinning of the lithospheric mantle. Our results are consistent with a number of independent constraints on the thermal structure of the asthenospheric and lithospheric mantle. Evidence of melt within the crust is provided by anomalously high VP/VS ratios of >1.9, demonstrating that magma‐assisted extension continues to be important in the final stages of continental breakup.
Shaken and Stirred: A Comparative Study of Earthquake‐Triggered Soft‐Sediment Deformation Structures in Lake Sediments
Authors: Molenaar Ariana , Wils Katleen , Van Daele Maarten , Daxer Christoph , Dubois Nathalie , Grießer Anja , Oswald Patrick , Ramisch Arne , Strasser Michael , Moernaut Jasper
Published: June 2024

Subaqueous paleoseismic studies used soft sediment deformation structures (SSDS) to discern the shaking strength of past earthquakes, as the deformation degree of SSDS related to Kelvin Helmholtz Instability evolves from disturbed lamination and folds to intraclast breccia with higher peak ground accelerations (PGA). We lack comparative studies of different sediment types with SSDS related to earthquakes from different seismogenic sources to comprehend how these factors modulate earthquake‐induced deformation. Here, we compile sediment records with seven earthquake‐triggered SSDS from 10 lakes with organic‐, carbonate‐, siliciclastic‐, and diatom‐rich sediment from three subduction zones and one collisional setting. We target basin sequences with slope angles <0.65° to reduce the influence of gravitational downslope stress. We find that even minimal increases in slope angle, maximal 1°, lead to higher deformation degrees and, for some earthquakes, SSDS are only present at >0.65°. Fine‐grained clastics enhance sediment susceptibility to deformation, whereas abundant diatoms reduce it, demonstrating the influence of composition. Deformation correlates best with PGA and the vicinity of the earthquakes, suggesting that high frequency shaking promotes deformation. In addition, deformation only occurs above a minimum magnitude dependent on sediment composition, and higher deformation degrees in our studied basin sedimentary sequences only above Mw 4.9 for all sediment types, suggesting that sufficient duration of shaking—magnitude correlates with duration—is essential for SSDS development. We advise taking multiple cores on gentle slopes to study SSDS—additional to basin cores—to resolve small magnitude local earthquakes and relative differences in frequency content of past events.
Climate Change Is Leading to a Convergence of Global Climate Distribution
Authors: Li Chuanhua , Liu Cui , Tsunekawa Atsushi , Liu Yunfan , Yin Peng , Ma Shaoxiu , Zhou Min , Wu Xiaodong
Published: June 2024

The impact of changes in global temperatures and precipitation on climate distribution remains unclear. Taking the annual global average temperatures and precipitation as the origin, this study determined the climate distribution with the distances of temperature and precipitation from their global averages as the X and Y axes. The results showed that during 1980–2019, the global temperature distribution converged toward the mean (convergence), while the precipitation distribution moved away from the mean (divergence). The combined effects of both led to a convergence in the global climate distribution. During 2025–2100, significant climate convergence is observed under two emission scenarios (SSP245 and SSP585). However, the climate convergence and the area of change in climate type remains insignificant only under SSP126, suggesting that the diversity of the global climate pattern can be maintained under a sustainable emission pathway (SSP126), whereas high emission pathways will lead to greater uniformity in global climate.
Improving Coastal Storm Surge Monitoring Through Joint Modeling Based on Permanent and Temporary Tide Gauges
Authors: Yang Lianjun , Jin Taoyong , Jiang Weiping
Published: June 2024

With climate change, there will be higher requirements for monitoring storm surges (SSs) in nearshore areas. However, this capability is limited by the sparseness of tide gauge (TG) stations. Establishing and maintaining a permanent, high‐spatial coverage, in situ TG network is complex and expensive. Here, we propose a joint modeling method developed from the all‐site modeling data‐driven framework by importing temporary TGs into coastal regions with insufficient permanent TG stations. The assessments show that this method can significantly optimize the capability of extreme SS monitoring during typhoons and hurricanes. Moreover, the evaluation based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 data indicates that it will monitor extreme SSs more effectively during 2025–2050 compared with only using existing permanent in situ TGs (reducing root mean square error and absolute mean bias by ∼50%). The joint modeling method provides an applicable and sustainable solution for optimizing the SS monitoring capability in coastal areas.
Different Dynamics Drive Indian Ocean Moisture to the Southern Slope of Central Himalayas: An Isotopic Approach
Authors: Guo Rong , Yu Wusheng , Zhang Jingyi , Lewis Stephen , Lazhu  , Ma Yaoming , Xu Baiqing , Wu Guangjian , Jing Zhaowei , Ren Pengjie , Zhang Zhuanxia , Wang Qiaoyi , Qu Dongmei
Published: June 2024

This study uses precipitation oxygen isotopes (δ18Op) to examine key dynamics that deliver moisture to the southern slope of central Himalayas over different seasons. Results show that the majority of pre‐monsoon δ18Op values are relatively high and controlled by the westerlies and local moisture. However, some abnormally low δ18Op values coincide with higher precipitation amounts during the pre‐monsoon season due to moisture driven northwards from the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea to central Himalayas by anomalous circulations (quasi‐anticyclone, anticyclone, or/and westerlies trough). The size and location of the quasi‐anticyclone also influences the magnitude of the δ18Op decrease. In comparison, the monsoon δ18Op values are lower due to the combined effects of the Indian summer monsoon and convection. Our findings indicate that researchers need to consider the signals of abnormally low δ18Op values during the pre‐monsoon season when attempting to interpret ice core and tree‐ring records from central Himalayas.
Differential methylation of OPRK1 in borderline personality disorder is associated with childhood trauma
Authors: Gescher Dorothee Maria , Schanze Denny , Vavra Peter , Wolff Philip , Zimmer-Bensch Geraldine , Zenker Martin , Frodl Thomas , Schmahl Christian
Published: June 2024

According to a growing body of neurobiological evidence, the core symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) may be linked to an opioidergic imbalance between the hedonic and stimulatory activity of mu opioid receptors (MOR) and the reward system inhibiting effects of kappa opioid receptors (KOR). Childhood trauma (CT), which is etiologically relevant to BPD, is also likely to lead to epigenetic and neurobiological adaptations by extensive activation of the stress and endogenous opioid systems. In this study, we investigated the methylation differences in the promoter of the KOR gene (OPRK1) in subjects with BPD (N = 47) and healthy controls (N = 48). Comparing the average methylation rates of regulatorily relevant subregions (specified regions CGI-1, CGI-2, EH1), we found no differences between BPD and HC. Analyzing individual CG nucleotides (N = 175), we found eight differentially methylated CG sites, all of which were less methylated in BPD, with five showing highly interrelated methylation rates. This differentially methylated region (DMR) was found on the falling slope (5’) of the promoter methylation gap, whose effect is enhanced by the DMR hypomethylation in BPD. A dimensional assessment of the correlation between disease severity and DMR methylation rate revealed DMR hypomethylation to be negatively associated with BPD symptom severity (measured by BSL-23). Finally, analyzing the influence of CT on DMR methylation, we found DMR hypomethylation to correlate with physical and emotional neglect in childhood (quantified by CTQ). Thus, the newly identified DMR may be a biomarker of the risks caused by CT, which likely epigenetically contribute to the development of BPD.
Neural mechanisms of psychedelic visual imagery
Authors: Stoliker Devon , Preller Katrin H. , Novelli Leonardo , Anticevic Alan , Egan Gary F. , Vollenweider Franz X. , Razi Adeel
Published: June 2024

Visual alterations under classic psychedelics can include rich phenomenological accounts of eyes-closed imagery. Preclinical evidence suggests agonism of the 5-HT2A receptor may reduce synaptic gain to produce psychedelic-induced imagery. However, this has not been investigated in humans. To infer the directed connectivity changes to visual connectivity underlying psychedelic visual imagery in healthy adults, a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over study was performed, and dynamic causal modelling was applied to the resting state eyes-closed functional MRI scans of 24 subjects after administration of 0.2 mg/kg of the serotonergic psychedelic drug, psilocybin (magic mushrooms), or placebo. The effective connectivity model included the early visual area, fusiform gyrus, intraparietal sulcus, and inferior frontal gyrus. We observed a pattern of increased self-inhibition of both early visual and higher visual-association regions under psilocybin that was consistent with preclinical findings. We also observed a pattern of reduced inhibition from visual-association regions to earlier visual areas that indicated top-down connectivity is enhanced during visual imagery. The results were analysed with behavioural measures taken immediately after the scans, suggesting psilocybin-induced decreased sensitivity to neural inputs is associated with the perception of eyes-closed visual imagery. The findings inform our basic and clinical understanding of visual perception. They reveal neural mechanisms that, by affecting balance, may increase the impact of top-down feedback connectivity on perception, which could contribute to the visual imagery seen with eyes-closed during psychedelic experiences.
Proactive monitoring of drug–drug interactions between direct oral anticoagulants and small-molecule inhibitors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Gulikers Judith L. , Otten Leila-Sophie , Hendriks Lizza E. L. , Winckers Kristien , Henskens Yvonne , Leentjens Jenneke , van den Heuvel Michel M. , ter Heine Rob , Croes Sander , Piet Berber , van Geel Robin M. J. M.
Published: June 2024

Background

Small-molecule inhibitors (SMIs) have revolutionised the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, SMI-induced drug–drug interactions (DDIs) with frequently co-administered direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), increase thromboembolic and bleeding risks. This study investigated and proactively managed the consequences of DOAC-SMI DDIs.

Methods

This prospective, observational study enrolled patients with NSCLC concomitantly using a DOAC and SMI. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with DOAC plasma trough (Ctrough) and peak (Cpeak) concentrations outside expected ranges. Secondary outcomes included DOAC treatment modifications, incidence of bleeding and thromboembolic events and feasibility evaluation of pharmacokinetically guided DOAC dosing.

Results

Thirty-three patients were analysed. Thirty-nine percent (13/33) had DOAC Ctrough and/or Cpeak were outside the expected ranges in 39% (13/33). In 71% (5/7) of patients with DOAC concentrations quantified before and during concurrent SMI use, DOAC Ctrough and/or Cpeak increased or decreased >50% upon SMI initiation. In all patients in whom treatment modifications were deemed necessary, DOAC concentrations were adjusted to within the expected ranges.

Conclusion

Proactive monitoring showed that a substantial proportion of patients had DOAC concentrations outside the expected ranges. DOAC concentrations were successfully normalised after treatment modifications. These results highlight the importance of proactive monitoring of DOAC-SMI DDIs to improve treatment in patients with NSCLC.
Traumatic optic neuropathy management: a systematic review
Authors: Blanch Richard J. , Joseph Iric John , Cockerham Kimberly
Published: June 2024

Background

Traumatic optic neuropathy is classically described in up to 8% of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), but subclinical or undiagnosed optic nerve damage is much more common. When more sensitive testing is performed, at least half of patients with moderate to severe TBI demonstrate visual field defects or optic atrophy on examination with optical coherence tomography. Acute optic nerve compression and ischaemia in orbital compartment syndrome require urgent surgical and medical intervention to lower the intraocular pressure and diminish the risk of permanent optic nerve dysfunction. Other manifestations of traumatic optic neuropathy have more variable treatments in international practice.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of traumatic optic neuropathy treatments in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement.

Results

We included three randomised controlled trials of intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP), erythropoietin, and levodopa-carbidopa combination, with no evidence of benefit for any treatment. In addition, large studies in TBI have found strong evidence of increased mortality in patients treated with megadose IVMP.

Conclusions

There is therefore no evidence of benefit for any medical treatment and strong evidence of harm from IVMP. There is also no evidence of benefit for optic canal decompression for traumatic optic neuropathy. Orbital compartment syndrome is a separate entity that requires both medical and surgical interventions to prevent visual loss.
Human milk affects TLR4 activation and LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine expression in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Pizzarello Catherine R. , Nelson Ashley , Verekhman Ilya , Seppo Antti E. , Järvinen Kirsi M.
Published: June 2024

Human milk (HM) components affect immune cell toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. However, studies examining the immunomodulatory impacts of HM on TLR4 signaling in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are limited. This study utilized both a TLR4 reporter cell line and a Caco-2 IEC model to examine the effects of HM on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TLR4 activation and cytokine responses, respectively. Additionally, we performed fast protein liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify a HM component that contributes to the effect of HM on LPS/TLR4 signaling. HM enhances LPS-induced TLR4 signaling as well as LPS-induced IEC gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and negative regulators of NF-κB. Human serum albumin (HSA) present in HM contributes to these effects. HSA within HM synergizes with LPS to induce IEC gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and negative regulators of NF-κB. Altogether, this study provides mechanistic evidence behind the immunomodulatory function of HM on IECs, which may contribute to an enhanced immune response in breast-fed neonates.
Development and validation of a machine learning-based readmission risk prediction model for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction patients after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Liu Yanxu , Du Linqin , Li Lan , Xiong Lijuan , Luo Hao , Kwaku Eugene , Mei Xue , wen Cong , Cui Yang Yang , Zhou Yang , Zeng Lang , Li Shikang , Wang Kun , Zheng Jiankang , Liu Zonglian , Hu Houxiang , Yue Rongchuan
Published: June 2024

To investigate the factors that influence readmissions in patients with acute non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by using multiple machine learning (ML) methods to establish a predictive model. In this study, 1576 NSTEMI patients who were hospitalized at the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into two groups: the readmitted group and the non-readmitted group. The division was based on whether the patients experienced complications or another incident of myocardial infarction within one year after undergoing PCI. Common variables selected by univariate and multivariate logistic regression, LASSO regression, and random forest were used as independent influencing factors for NSTEMI patients’ readmissions after PCI. Six different ML models were constructed using these common variables. The area under the ROC curve, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were used to evaluate the performance of the six ML models. Finally, the optimal model was selected, and a nomogram was created to visually represent its clinical effectiveness. Three different methods were used to select seven representative common variables. These variables were then utilized to construct six different ML models, which were subsequently compared. The findings indicated that the LR model exhibited the most optimal performance in terms of AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The outcome, admission mode (walking and non-walking), communication ability, CRP, TC, HDL, and LDL were identified as independent predicators of readmissions in NSTEMI patients after PCI. The prediction model constructed by the LR algorithm was the best. The established column graph model established proved to be effective in identifying high-risk groups with high accuracy and differentiation. It holds a specific predictive value for the occurrence of readmissions after direct PCI in NSTEMI patients.
Functional lower extremity strength influences stepping strategy in community-dwelling older adults during single and dual-task walking
Authors: Peoples Brandon M. , Harrison Kenneth D. , Santamaria-Guzman Keven G. , Campos-Vargas Silvia E. , Monaghan Patrick G. , Roper Jaimie A.
Published: June 2024

As age increases, a decline in lower extremity strength leads to reduced mobility and increased fall risks. This decline outpaces the age-related reduction in muscle mass, resulting in mobility limitations. Older adults with varying degrees of mobility-disability use different stepping strategies. However, the link between functional lower extremity strength and stepping strategy is unknown. Therefore, understanding how age-related reductions in functional lower extremity strength influence stepping strategy is vital to unraveling mobility limitations. Twenty participants (17F, 72 ± 6 years) were recruited and tested at a local community event. Participants were outfitted with inertial measurement units (IMU) and walked across a pressurized walkway under single and dual motor task conditions (walking with and without carrying a tray with water) at their usual and fast speeds. Participants were dichotomized into normal (11) or low functional strength groups (9) based on age-specific normative cutoffs using the instrumented 5-repetition Sit-to-Stand test duration. Our study reveals that older adults with normal strength prefer adjusting their step time during walking tasks, while those with reduced strength do not exhibit a preferred stepping strategy. This study provides valuable insights into the influence of functional lower extremity strength on stepping strategy in community-dwelling older adults during simple and complex walking tasks. These findings could aid in diagnosing gait deviations and developing appropriate treatment or management plans for mobility disability in older adults.
Correlation of CT features of lung adenocarcinoma with sex and age
Authors: Yang Yanli , Gao Yiyi , Lu Fang , Wang Ernuo , Liu Haiquan
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to retrospectively examine the computed tomography (CT) features of lung adenocarcinoma across different demographic groups. Preoperative chest CT findings from 1266 surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma cases were retrospectively analyzed. Lung adenocarcinomas were categorized based on CT characteristics into pure ground glass (pGGO), nodule-containing ground glass opacity (mGGO), and pure solid without containing ground glass opacity (pSD). These categories were correlated with sex, age, EGFR status, and five histopathological subtypes. The diameters of pGGO, mGGO, and pSD significantly increased across all patient groups (P < 0.05). Males exhibited a significantly higher proportion of pSD than females (P = 0.002). The mean diameters of pGGO and pSD were significantly larger in males than in females (P = 0.0017 and P = 0.043, respectively). The frequency of pGGO was higher in the younger age group (≤ 60 years) compared to the older group (> 60 years) for both males (P = 0.002) and females (P = 0.027). The frequency of pSD was higher in the older age group for both sexes. A linear correlation between age and diameter was observed in the entire cohort as well as in the male and female groups (P < 0.0001 for all groups). EGFR mutations were less frequent in pSD compared to pGGO (P = 0.0002) and mGGO (P < 0.0001). The frequency of lesions containing micropapillary components increased from pGGO to mGGO and pSD (P < 0.0001 for all). The frequency of lesions containing solid components also increased from pGGO to mGGO and pSD (P = 0.045, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.0001, respectively). The CT features of lung adenocarcinoma exhibit differences across genders and age groups. Male gender and older age are risk factors for lung adenocarcinoma growth.
RCS reduction of wide-band, high-gain antenna array based on asymmetric transmission metasurfaces
Authors: Wu Ting , Yan Lei , Zhang Zikang
Published: June 2024

In this paper, an ultra-wideband stealth antenna with high gain on the basis of asymmetric transmission metasurface (ATMS) is proposed. ATMS can convert an incident y-polarised sphere wave into an x-polarised plane wave at the front side and controls the scattering of the incident y-polarised wave to the back side. Excitation of ATMS via a horn antenna, a low radar cross-section (RCS) and wideband antenna system is designed. Furthermore, through design of the meta-atoms and optimization of the macrosequencing, broadband RCS reduction is achieved. The experimental data indicated the reduction of the RCS of the antenna system by up to 10 dB and more than 20 dB in the frequency range of 10.1 GHz to 18 GHz (relative bandwidth is 56.2%) and 13.9 GHz to 18 GHz (relative bandwidth is 25.7%), respectively. In addition, a 3 dB gain relative bandwidth of 57.4% is achieved between 10 and 18 GHz, with a peak gain of 28.2 dB. It is noteworthy that the high gain and low scattering performance of the antenna are achieved in the same spectral range (10–18 GHz), and there is no interference between the scattering performance and radiation performance of the antenna, which could be controlled separately.
Computational study of effect of hybrid nanoparticles on hemodynamics and thermal transfer in ruptured arteries with pathological dilation
Authors: Hussain Azad , Riaz Muhammad Bilal , Dar Muhammad Naveel Riaz , Kanwal Rimsha , Sarwar Lubna , Jhangeer Adil
Published: June 2024

The intended research aims to explore the convection phenomena of a hybrid nanofluid composed of gold and silver nanoparticles. This research is novel and significant because there is a lack of existing studies on the flow behavior of hybrid nanoparticles with important physical properties of blood base fluids, especially in the case of sidewall ruptured dilated arteries. The implementation of combined nanoparticles rather than unadulterated nanoparticles is one of the most crucial elements in boosting the thermal conduction of fluids. The research methodology encompasses the utilization of advanced bio-fluid dynamics software for simulating the flow of the nanofluid. The physical context elucidates the governing equations of momentum, mass, momentum, and energy in terms of partial differential equations. The results are displayed in both tabular and graphical forms to demonstrate the numerical and graphical solutions. The effect of physical parameters on velocity distribution is illustrated through graphs. Furthermore, the study’s findings are unique and original, and these computational discoveries have not been published by any researcher before. The finding implies that utilizing hybrid nanoparticles as drug carriers holds great promise in mitigating the effects of blood flow, potentially enhancing drug delivery, and minimizing its impact on the body.