bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Pneumatic Conception of Thought
Authors: Schulte Joachim
Published: December 2016

This paper is an attempt at presenting a convincing reading of the first sentences of PI § 109, especially of its third sentence. There Wittgenstein mentions what he calls "the pneumatic conception of thought", which by Miss Anscombe is translated as "the conception of thought as a gaseous medium". By comparing the relevant sentences with their sources in Wittgenstein's manuscripts and additional parallels it is found that Anscombe's rendering is liable to be misleading. Wittgenstein's notion of "pneuma" is likely to be inspired by a conception of the kind elucidated by Oswald Spengler, for instance, according to whose account is to be understood as a sort of body (). If you take this as your central image, the pneumatic conception alluded to in PI § 109 is one which can be tracked down in Wittgenstein's early as well as in his middle-period work. In this remark (PI § 109), Wittgenstein tries to mention both helpful and misleading features of his earlier ways of thinking, and what he now calls the "pneumatic conception" can be seen to be the foil for both sorts of features. The central idea is that the core of language contains a scaffolding of rules whose ("pneumatic") substance is the same as that of our thought. In accordance with this view the logical structure of thought is held to be identical with that of language and reality—a notion which fits parts of the as well as parts of the original "grammatical" conception developed in the early 1930ies.
Wittgenstein and John Henry Newman on Certainty
Authors: Kienzler Wolfgang
Published: December 2016

Wittgenstein read and admired the work of John Henry Newman. Evidence suggests that from 1946 until 1951 Newman's was probably the single most important external stimulus for Wittgenstein's thought. In important respects Wittgenstein's reactions to G. E. Moore follow hints already given by Newman.
Ascent, Propositions and Other Formal Objects
Authors: Mulligan Kevin
Published: December 2016

Consider "Sam is sad" and "Sam exemplifies the property of being sad". The second sentence mentions a property and predicates the relation of exemplification. It belongs to a large class of sentences which mention such formal objects as , , , and and predicate formal properties such as the of propositions, the of states of affairs and relations such as concepts and sets. The first sentence belongs to a distinct class of sentences in which only non-formal objects are mentioned and only non-formal properties and relations are predicated. We can, it seems, infer validly from the first sentence to the second. They are also equivalent. And Sam exemplifies the property of sadness because Sam is sad. What is the relation between inference, equivalence and explanation in the case of our two sentences and in analogous cases? What right have we to assume that there are formal objects?
Colouring, Multiple Propositions, and Assertoric Content
Authors: Picardi Eva
Published: December 2016

The paper argues that colouring is a conventional ingredient of literal meaning characterized by a considerable degree of semantic under-determination and a high degree of context-sensitivity. The positive, though tentative, suggestion made in the paper is that whereas in the case of words such as "but" and "damn" we are dealing with words lacking in specificity, in the case of pejoratives in general, and racist jargon in particular, we are dealing with words that express concepts that purport to describe the world as being in a certain way. The circumstance that in certain contexts of utterance colouring can be cancelled out, does not show that it forms a detachable part of a word's literal meaning. It only shows that to account for the interplay between context, literal meaning and assertoric content is much trickier than meets the eye.
Negation
Authors: Napoli Ernesto
Published: December 2016

The paper is concerned with negation in artificial and natural languages. "Negation" is an ambiguous word. It can mean three different things: An operation(negating), an operator (a sign of negation), the result of an operation. The threethings, however, are intimately linked. An operation such as negation, is realizedthrough an operator of negation, i.e. consists in adding a symbol of negation to an entity to obtain an entity of the same type; and which operation it is dependson what it applies to and on what results from its application.

I argue that negation is not an operation on linguistic acts but rather anoperation on the objects of linguistic acts, namely sentences. And I assume that the negation of a sentence is a sentence that contradicts it. If so, the negation of a sentence may be obtained, in case the sentence is molecular, by applying the operation of negation not to the sentence itself but to a constituent sentence. To put it in a succinct and paradoxically sounding way we could say that in order to negate a sentence it is sufficient but not necessary to negate it.

However that negation applies to sentences is true only for artificial languages, in which the sign of negation is a monadic sentential connective. In natural language, negation applies to expressions other than sentences, namely word sand non-sentential phrases. Still words and not sentential phrases are interesting and valuable only as ultimate or immediate constituents of sentences, as a means of saying (something that can be true or false) and the concern with negation is ultimately the concern with the negation of sentences. So the problem is what sub-sentential and non sentential expressions negation should apply to in order to obtain the negation of the containing sentence. The standard answer is that the negation of a natural language sentence is equivalent to the negation of its predicate. Yet, I argue, predicate negation is necessary but not sufficient, due to the existence of molecular sentences.

Finally I notice that if to apply negation to an artificial sentence is to put the negation sign in front of it, to negate the predicate of a natural language sentencemay or may not be to put the negation sign in front of it.
Zur Theorie der Vorstellungsproduktion (,,Grazer" Gestalttheorie I: France Weber)
Authors: Pihlar Tanja
Published: December 2016

In the following discussion, we are dealing with Weber's theory of the production of presentations, as presented in his article "The Problem of the Production of Presentations". In this article, published in 1928, Weber offers an essential modification of a version of the theory of objects which had been developed by the Graz school (and was closely linked with the theory of higher-order objects). According to Weber, the production of presentations consists in a primary transition from passive to corresponding active presentations (so there is active as well as passive presentation). Weber distinguishes several types of production of presentations: psychophysical, content, act, intentional, and surrogate production, all of which can be divided into many subtypes. Most interesting in this connection is his theory of intentional presentation. In the 1928 article, Weber postulates non-intentional presentations, on which intentional presentations are based. He distinguishes four levels of intentionality: non-intentional presentation, on the lowest level, is followed by presentational intentionality, isolative, and rational intentional presentation. Weber's 1928 article is of considerable importance for an understanding of his subsequent philosophical development.
Why Content Relativism Does Not Imply Fact Relativism
Authors: Lohmar Achim
Published: December 2016

There is widespread belief among realists that it is consistent to think of the world as a totality of absolute facts and of our representation of the world as perspectival. As a pluralist Michael Lynch has challenged this view by arguing that relativism about representational content en tails relativism about facts. Lynch's 'T-argument' is presented and discussed in detail. It is argued not only that the 'T-argument' fails and that content relativism and fact absolutism are compatible, but also that content absolutism entails fact absolutism. These two points add up to a serious challenge of pluralists in committing them to the view that there are many actual worlds.
The Argument from Pain: A New Argument for Indirect Realism
Authors: Franken Dirk
Published: December 2016

The author puts forward and defends a new argument for indirect realism called theargument from pain. The argument is akin to a well-known traditional argument to the same end, theargument from hallucination. Like the latter, it contains one premise stating an analogy between veridical perceptions and certain other states and one premise stating that those states are states of acquaintance with sense-data. The crucial difference is that the states that are said to be analogous to veridical perceptions are pain-states instead of hallucinations. This difference makes the argument from pain immune to the standard objections against the argument from hallucination.
Humor and Memory
Authors: Heinrich Carola
Published: December 2016

With the Revolution in December 1989, Romania not only rejected the communist system but also Soviet authority and orientated itself towards the West. This paper explores what is remembered of Russia and the Soviet Union after 1989 and how Romanian dramas and films represent these memories. The paper studies three examples of staging “the Russian”: the radio theatre presentation of Petru by Vlad Zografi, the theatre piece Istoria comunismului povestită pentru bolnavii mintal by Matei Vişniec, and the movie Nunta mută by Horaţiu Mălăele. Memory is understood here as a process of cultural translation and the analysis aims to track the particularities of these representations that contribute to the negotiation of collective memory. The analyzed works seem to reinforce prevalent stereotypes, but these are inverted through comic devices. Humor is therefore identified as one of the main strategies for dealing with a violent past.
Visual Representations of “the Russian” in European Remembrance Cultures
Authors: Mayrhofer Petra
Published: December 2016

The post-communist transformation in Eastern Europe was marked by visual changes through iconoclastic actions and attempts to erase the visibility of the former communist system that was synonymous with the influence of the Soviet Union. Images of the removal and destruction of monuments have found their way into collective memory through their circulation in mass media, textbooks, films, exhibitions, and museums. This article explores the visual representation of “the Russian”1 in various European memory cultures in combination with the visual remembrance of the transformation that started in 1989. It aims to examine how images published in quality mass media in 2009 depict public memory twenty years later.
The Empire Writes Back—Writing Back to the Empire
Authors: Simonek Stefan
Published: December 2016

The article offers a comparison between the representations of the former ussr in contemporary Ukrainian literature from Galicia and from the eastern part of Ukraine. In the main it focuses on the writers Yuri Andrukhovych, Serhiy Zhadan, and Lyubko Deresh. In Andrukhovych’s novels and essays, the former Habsburg monarchy is represented as a positive, liberal counterpart to Soviet collectivism and uniformity; Zhadan, in his poetry, depicts the cultural situation in Eastern Ukraine as a kind of a post-Soviet void; Deresh, finally, in his successful pop novels denies any further relevance of Soviet heritage in Galicia.
Demand Side Abundance
Authors: Péteri György
Published: December 2016

In this essay, the discussion proceeds from the public image of the functionary at the end of the Rákosi era, through the Kádárist policies of ‘new sobriety’ disciplining the functionary in order not to irritate and provoke the rest of society, to the new contrat sociale established by the mid-1960s in which the party-state apparatus class and the commoners join one another in pursuing shared (consumerist) ideas of good life and happiness, within the constraints and coping with the conditions of demand side abundance (the tension between consumerist aspirations, desires and an economy of sustained shortages). The article draws on archival sources as well as texts from contemporary cabarets and an analysis of the 1964 feature film, Don’t Waste the Gas!, and its manuscript.
“Nella lingua sua naturale”: Elizabeth’s Italian Letters
Authors: Bajetta Carlo M.
Published: December 2016

While evidence abounds as to Elizabeth I’s proficiency in Italian, only a fraction of her letters in this language has so far come to light, and only one has been edited in Marcus and Mueller’s Autograph Compositions and Foreign Language Originals, the well-known first extant letter by the then Princess to Katherine Parr. A research project commenced in 2009 has so far located about thirty of these, including six (three of which are also in their original drafts) entirely in the queen’s hand. Questions of authorship related to the non-holograph letters, however, clearly arise. By analyzing an unpublished letter by Elizabeth, this paper will try to cast some light on the vicissitudes of the queen’s Italian correspondence.
Efficient wave-mode separation in vertical transversely isotropic media
Authors: Zhou Yang , Wang Huazhong
Published: December 2016

Wave-mode separation can be achieved by projecting elastic wavefields onto mutually orthogonal polarization directions. In isotropic media, because the P-wave’s polarization vectors are consistent with wave vectors, the isotropic separation operators are represented by divergence and curl operators, which are easy to realize. In anisotropic media, polarization vectors deviate from wave vectors based on local anisotropic strength and separation operators lose their simplicity. Conventionally, anisotropic wave-mode separation is implemented either by direct filtering in the wavenumber domain or nonstationary filtering in the space domain, which are computationally expensive. Moreover, in conventional anisotropic separation, correcting for amplitude and phase changes of waveforms by applying separation operators is also more difficult than in an isotropic case. We have developed new operators for efficient wave-mode separation in vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) media. Our separation operators are constructed by local rotation of wave vectors to directions where the quasi-P (qP) wave is polarized. The deviation angles between the wave vectors and the qP-wave’s polarization vectors are explicitly estimated using the Poynting vectors. Obtaining polarization directions by rotating wave vectors yields separation operators in VTI media with the same forms as divergence and curl operators, except that the spatial derivatives are now rotated to implement wavefield projections in accurate polarization directions. The main increase in computational cost relative to isotropic separation operators is the estimation of the Poynting vectors, which is relatively small within elastic-wave extrapolation. As a result, applying the proposed operators is efficient. In the meantime, the waveforms corrections for divergence and curl operators can be directly extended for our new operators due to the similarities between these operators. By numerical exercises, we have determined that wave modes can be well-separated with small numerical cost using the present separation operators. The conservation of energy in wave-mode separation by applying waveform corrections was also verified.
Anesthetic Management of Patients With Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Authors: Kloesel Benjamin , Holzman Robert S.
Published: December 2016

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are characterized by the body’s inability to convert food into energy. The pathogenetic mechanism is based on defects in a variety of cellular enzymes. In addition to impairment of energy generation, accumulation of substrates may occur, which can deposit in tissue and lead to organ dysfunction. IEM can have profound implications for perioperative management, including difficult airway management, cardiac dysfunction, aspiration risk, seizures, and metabolic dysregulation. For the anesthesiologist, comprehensive knowledge is difficult to attain because of the heterogeneity of this group and the low prevalence of specific diseases. The first part of this article reviews intermediary metabolism, whereas the second part aims to highlight important aspects in perioperative management of patients with IEM. Instead of reviewing each single disorder within the vast group of IEM, we provide a conceptual framework that will facilitate the understanding of main problems encountered in each of the disease subgroups.
Features of Concrete Deep Foundations Integrity Ultrasonic Testing in Russia
Authors: Харитонов  , Kharitonov Aleksandr
Published: December 2016

Provision of the deep foundations quality is quite a challenge. Cross-hole pile integrity ultrasonic testing developed since 1970s’ is currently the most efficient and precise method to provide deep foundations quality monitoring. In the meantime, various standards, norms and regulations were created to control the application of this method.

This paper contains a comparative analysis of the current international standards referring to the pile integrity ultrasonic testing including the following aspects: preparation of and procedures for such testing, devices specifications, and the first-event time calculations. Various strong and weak approaches accepted in the standards of different countries have been analyzed.

Since all standards, norms and regulations are updated regularly, the analysis presented in the paper can be used as a reference to develop a local standard for the company authorized to carry out such tests.
El problema de la autoridad en la familia frente al reto de las redes sociales
Authors: Rumayor Miguel
Published: December 2016

En este artículo se aclarará cómo el ejercicio de la autoridad en su conjunto, particularmente en la educación en el ámbito familiar, se encuentra en una crisis histórica que se ha acentuado en nuestros días. En gran medida esto se debe a que la figura formativa de los padres ha perdido la capacidad poseída en otro tiempo. En relación a esto se explica la influencia de la globalización y las costumbres vividas en muchos hogares y de modo particular el acceso de los niños a las redes sociales. Teniendo en cuenta tal realidad, se analizan desde una óptica filosófico-educativa los modos más adecuados por medio de los cuales los padres podrán recuperar y fortalecer su autoridad formativa, para que mediante su uso consigan que el acceso a las redes sociales contribuya a que los niños se formen alcanzando el equilibrio afectivo y el desarrollo personal necesarios para su vida.
A MATERIALIZAÇÃO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL, O DIREITO AO LAZER E A IDEIA DE DEMOCRACIA
Authors: Borges Bruna Adeli
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo parte do conteúdo da materialização do desenvolvimento sustentável, tendo em vista que mantém o progresso humano não apenas em alguns lugares, mas em todo do mundo, na medida em que o homem evolui surgem novas necessidades vitais, abordando a expansão das liberdades como ideal para o desenvolvimento humano, como proposto por Amartya Sem. Destacam-se os direitos sociais, com especial ênfase ao direito social ao lazer como um direito fundamental que tem eficácia e aplicabilidade constitucionalizada e, por fim, a noção de democracia que consiste em um dos pontos considerados mais importantes das sociedades modernas e contemporâneas. Assim, parte da seguinte problemática jurídica: quais as necessárias contribuições teóricas e pragmáticas para a implementação, manutenção e evolução do desenvolvimento sustentável no mundo contemporâneo e como imaginar a efetivação direito social ao lazer diante deste contexto? Apresenta a relevância do desenvolvimento dirigido por uma sustentabilidade organizada e concretizada nas políticas públicas. Refletindo a importância da participação ativa da sociedade como elemento fundamental para o progresso humano, buscando a eficácia do direito social ao lazer. Conclui-se que, um cidadão dotado de possibilidades para contribuir com a concretização de um regime democrático fortalece e incentiva os homens a viver e atuar no espaço público, agindo continuamente para incitar uma evolução sadia e que respeite os ditames da Democracia.
Association of Jewish Libraries, 28th Annual Convention, 1993, New York City: Reflections and Recommendations
Authors: Lubetski Edith , Nussbaum Esther
Published: December 2016

Memories linger on of the 28th annual convention of the Association of Jewish Libraries (AJL), hosted by the New York Metropolitan Area chapter, June 20-23, 1993. In this introduction to the published proceedings, we share some of those memories, note the special features of the convention, and make recommendations for future AJL conventions.
Use or Non-Use of Parallel Linking Fields in RLIN for Hebrew-Script Access Points
Authors: Katchen Rosalie
Published: December 2016

RLIN tagging practice for Hebraic headings is examined in light of cataloging time and efficiency. It is argued that the rule that the roman heading must be a systematic romanization of the Hebrew heading in order for the two to be linked as parallel is inappropriate.
Generations Sharing the Holocaust Experience
Authors: Hautzig Esther
Published: December 2016

The author's feelings and experiences in sharing the Holocaust with her own children and the children she addresses regularly in schools are discussed in this paper. From her talks and exchanges with young people, it has been the author's experience that stories of how we lived, not perished, make the greatest impact on young and old listeners. Unless we know the people's lives and what the Jewish people, as well as society at large, lost through the deaths of countless brilliant, educated, compassionate people, as well as children whose futures will always remain unknown and unrealized, we cannot fully mourn their deaths. To really know what the world lost through the Nazi terror, we must share stories of family members and of people we knew and admired with those to whom Holocaust victims are becoming statistics and numbers, not individuals with vibrant lives and futures that were cut down.

Children particularly need to hear life stories of those who perished, not only the facts of how their lives ended. The author reports on sharing the Holocaust experience, not only with Jewish children, but with children of all religions, colors, ages and backgrounds-not only in person, but through correspondence, conference calls/ visits and classroom exchanges as a volunteer for the New York City School Volunteers Program in which she takes part.
The Multicultural Curriculum and Children's Books of Jewish Interest in the Public School
Authors: Firschein Sylvia
Published: December 2016

Books of Jewish interest in the public school are of two kinds. They may be informational, nonfiction works, generally classified in the religion section of the library's classification scheme. Such works are useful for those who are studying about Judaism and for those Jewish children in the school who need to see themselves reflected in the collection. Works in the second category, picture books and fiction, must be chosen for their universal value. The stories must appeal to all children, regardless of race or religion. Any child must be able to identify with the characters and incidentally learn something about Judaism.
El brise–soleil o la doble fachada de Le Corbusier
Authors: Morel Corrêa Dra. Arq. Sílvia , Anzolch Dr. Arq. Roni , Fonseca Pedrotti Renato
Published: December 2016

La arquitectura del movimiento moderno, originada en el clima central europeo, inicialmente fue basada en los principios higienistas en boga en el momento. Los paños de vidrio sonaban con una declaración de la hipótesis de la optimización de la iluminación y la ventilación con la fluidez espacial deseada. Le Corbusier fue un pionero en cuanto a seguir esta tendencia para la construcción de paredes acristaladas con poco espesor, como en el caso del Edificio del Ejército de Salvación, pero también fue el primero en cambiarla por la invención de los brise–soleil, que utilizó en sus proyectos desde el 1935 en adelante. El hecho es que requerimientos exigidos en los climas mediterráneos y tropicales decididamente interactuaban en supuestos de naturaleza compositiva. Este artículo analiza ejemplos de sistema sombreado en la obra de le Corbusier como elemento compositivo y climático y su trayectoria evolutiva, basado en los estudios de Almodóvar, Siret y Requena, como una forma de rescatar las posibilidades del elemento sombreado como parámetro de composición frente a las nuevas tecnologías de proyecto.
Evaluation Of Exchange Reaction In Soil In Sediments Of A Region Affected By Anthropogenic Activity In Relation To The Time And To The Selected Potentially Toxic Elements
Authors: Urminská Jana , Václav Boris , Ondrišík Peter
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study was to analyse sediments of the selected water reservoirs of Piargs group. Secondly, our purpose was to determine values of exchange reactions in soil of these sediments during the period from 2001 to 2010 and to evaluate environmental hazards caused by the selected potentially toxic elements affected by pH. Based on the results gained by analysis we aim to determine the correlation and statistical significance of dependencies of the analysed environmental parameters. Two different methods, the flow electrochemical method and the atomic absorption spectrometric method have been used to analyse the content of potentially toxic chemical elements in leachate. The analysis of leachate samples, in order to find out the values of exchange reactions in soil, was carried out by potentiometry. Ascertained values of exchange reactions in soil ranged from 5.6 to 7.2. According to the calculated indices of dependencies, the development of pH/KCl values can be evaluated as moderately dynamic. The calculated indices of the Spearman‘s correlation coefficient for exchange reactions in soil demonstrate statistically significant dependence, especially for zinc and cadmium.
The Evaluation Of The Concentration Of Chlorides And Sulphates In Surface Water Of The National Nature Reserve Čičov Oxbow
Authors: Noskovič Jaroslav , Babošová Mária , Ivanič Porhajašová Jana , Čeryová Terézia
Published: December 2016

In the years 2013–2014 we evaluated changes in concentrations of chlorides and sulphates in waters of the National Nature Reserve Čičov oxbow depending on the time and place of sampling. Collections of samples were realized regularly at monthly intervals, always in the half of a month. Sampling sites were determined in order to assess the impact of natural and anthropogenic source of surface water quality. In order to evaluate the quality of surface water in the sampling sites by individual indicators, we used the values of the 90th percentile (P90), which was calculated from the measured values and then compared with their matching set of limit values referred to the Regulation of the Government of the Slovak Republic No. 269/2010 Coll. According to that Regulation, the recommended value for chlorides is 200 mg dm;; and for sulphates 250 mg dm−3. Based on the calculated values of 90th percentile (P90) of these indicators, we found out that the calculated characteristic values are lower.
The role of relative membrane capacitance and time delay in cerebellar Purkinje cells
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Shenquan , Lu Bo , Zeng Yanjun
Published: December 2016

The membrane capacitance of a neuron can influence the synaptic efficacy and the speed of electrical signal propagation. Exploring the role of membrane capacitance will help facilitate a deeper understanding of the electrical properties of neurons. Thus, in this paper, we investigated the neuronal firing behaviors of a two-compartment model in Purkinje cells. We evaluated the influence of membrane capacitance under two different circumstances: in the absence of time delay and in the presence of time delay. Firstly, we separately studied the influence of somatic membrane capacitance Cs
and dendritic membrane capacitance Cd
on neuronal firing patterns. Through numerical simulation, we observed that they had two different types of period-adding scenarios, i.e. with and without chaotic bursting. Secondly, our results indicated that when the time delay was included in the model, periodic motions were more inclined to be destroyed, while at the same time, corresponding new chaotic motions were induced. These findings suggested that membrane capacitance and time delay play a pivotal functional role in modulating dynamical firing properties of neurons, especially aspects which lead to behaviors which result in changes to bursting patterns.
Physiologic changes of urinary proteome by caffeine and excessive water intake
Authors: Peerapen Paleerath , Ausakunpipat Nardtaya , Sutthimethakorn Suchitra , Aluksanasuwan Siripat , Vinaiphat Arada , Thongboonkerd Visith
Published: December 2016

Background:

Diurnal variations and physiologic changes of urinary proteome have been suggested in the urinary proteomics field. However, no clear evidence has been demonstrated. The present study thus aimed to define changes in urinary proteome by physiological stimuli, i.e. caffeine intake and excessive water drinking, both of which cause physiologic diuresis.

Methods:

Urine samples were collected from 30 healthy individuals under three different conditions: (i) morning void as the control; (ii) after drinking a cup of coffee; and (iii) after drinking 1 L of water within 20 min. Thereafter, differentially excreted proteins were analyzed by 2-DE proteomics approach and validated by Western blotting and ELISA.

Results:

Spot matching, quantitative intensity analysis, and ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc multiple comparisons and the Bonferroni correction revealed significant differences in levels of five protein spots among three different conditions. These proteins were identified by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS) and/or MS/MS analyses as kininogen 1 isoform 3, β-actin, prostaglandin D synthase (PGDS), fibrinogen α-chain and immunoglobulin light chain. Among these, the decreased level of immunoglobulin was successfully validated by Western blotting and ELISA.

Conclusions:

These data indicated that caffeine intake and excessive water drinking could affect urinary excretion of some proteins and may affect urinary proteome analysis.
The impact of admission neutrophil-to-platelet ratio on in-hospital and long-term mortality in patients with infective endocarditis
Authors: Wei Xue-biao , Liu Yuan-hui , He Peng-cheng , Yu Dan-qing , Tan Ning , Zhou Ying-ling , Chen Ji-yan
Published: December 2016

Background:

Infective endocarditis (IE) is associated with increased neutrophil and reduced platelet counts. We assessed the relationship between the neutrophil-to-platelet ratio (NPR) on admission and adverse outcomes in patients with IE.

Methods:

Patients diagnosed with IE between January 2009 and July 2015 (n=1293) were enrolled, and 1046 were finally entered into the study. Study subjects were categorized into four groups according to NPR quartiles: Q1<18.9 (n=260); Q2: 18.9–27.7 (n=258); Q3: 27.7–43.3 (n=266); and Q4>43.3 (n=262). Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to identify risk factors for long-term mortality; the optimal cut-off was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results:

Risk of in-hospital death increased progressively with NPR group number (1.9 vs. 5.0 vs. 9.8 vs. 14.1%, p<0.001). The follow-up period was a median of 28.8 months, during which 144 subjects (14.3%) died. Long-term mortality increased from the lowest to the highest NPR quartiles (7.6, 11.8, 17.4, and 26.2%, respectively, p<0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that lgNPR (HR=2.22) was an independent predictor of long-term mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that subjects in Q4 had an increased long-term mortality compared with the other groups.

Conclusions:

Increased NPR was associated with in-hospital and long-term mortality in patients with IE. As a simple and inexpensive index, NPR may be a useful and rapid screening tool to identify IE patients at high risk of mortality.
microRNAs in lipoprotein and lipid metabolism: from biological function to clinical application
Authors: Desgagné Véronique , Bouchard Luigi , Guérin Renée
Published: December 2016

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (~22 nucleotides), non-coding, single-stranded RNA molecules that regulate the expression of target genes by partial sequence-specific base-pairing to the targeted mRNA 3′UTR, blocking its translation, and promoting its degradation or its sequestration into processing bodies. miRNAs are important regulators of several physiological processes including developmental and metabolic functions, but their concentration in circulation has also been reported to be altered in many pathological conditions such as familial hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancers. In this review, we focus on the role of miRNAs in lipoprotein and lipid metabolism, with special attention to the well-characterized miR-33a/b, and on the huge potential of miRNAs for clinical application as biomarkers and therapeutics in the context of cardiometabolic diseases.
A Study on Chinese Students’ Acquisition of English Articles and Interlanguage Syntactic Impairment
Authors: Qihao Xu , Yunzhang Shi , Neal Snape
Published: December 2016

This study investigated the resetting process of the articles’ parameters by Chinese English learners with a Forced Choice Elicitation Task on the basis of the Article Choice Parameter and Fluctuation Hypothesis proposed by Ionin, Ko and Wexler (2004). It was found that Chinese English learners fluctuate between definiteness and specificity, the two parameter-settings of articles. Our findings are consistent with the Fluctuation Hypothesis. Their performance can be accounted for under the theoretical framework of Distributed Morphology. The difficulty in article acquisition lies in the fact that Chinese English learners can not easily identify the correct features in the specification of syntactic terminal nodes as well as the vocabulary items, but they possess the syntactic knowledge and they can access the definiteness parameter setting with enough L2 input. Chinese English learners’ interlanguage syntax is not impaired and UG full access is supported.
Using schema theory to support a whole-word approach to phonological acquisition
Authors: Sowers-Wills Sara
Published: December 2016

Early child phonological acquisition data typically contain exceptional phonetic forms that defy segment-based rules and have long challenged traditional theoretical frameworks. The templatic approach to phonological acquisition claims that whole-word phonotactic patterns emerge as the first primary units of representation, later giving way to segmental knowledge. This approach places importance on the relationships among a child’s forms in addition to those between child forms and their corresponding adult targets. Inscribed within dynamic systems theory, the templatic approach assumes a developing phonological system to be self-organizing and driven by general cognitive processes in response to patterns in the ambient language. This paper analyzes data from a diary study of one monolingual child acquiring American English. Data collected during the first six months of word production were put to templatic analysis, then examined for evidence of schematic structure. Incorporating the chronology of utterances the child produced, analysis revealed varying degrees of abstraction as early patterns integrated with newer patterns. The results reveal schema theory to be an informative supplementary framework for templatic analysis. Schema theory provides a structured way to trace the emergence and interaction of whole-word patterns a child uses to facilitate the production of first words.
Limit theorems for the number of successes in random binary sequences with random embeddings
Authors: Selivanov Boris I. , Chistyakov Vladimir P.
Published: December 2016

The sequence of
The development of the right of self-realisation in the Netherlands
Authors: Groen Lisanne
Published: December 2016

The term “self-realisation” is not defined in any Dutch legal provision, but has emerged from case law based on the Expropriation Act. This article describes the development of the right of self-realisation in the Netherlands. In addressing this subject, the article presents a brief historical overview of the Dutch land policy and land policy instruments. In addition, Royal Decrees and case law about the right of self-realisation are discussed.
The castor oil based water borne polyurethane dispersion; effect of -NCO/OH content: synthesis, characterization and properties
Authors: Panda Siva Sankar , Panda Bishnu Prasad , Mohanty Smita , Nayak Sanjay K.
Published: December 2016

In this work, a novel bio-renewable castor oil (CO) based aqueous polyurethane (PU) anionic prepolymer dispersion was prepared successfully using isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) as internal emulsifier maintaining NCO/OH molar ratios of 1:3 and 1:5, respectively. The intermolecular H-bonding change, type and intensity of the obtained films with change in molar ratio were investigated by analyzing with Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR). The morphology of the films was recorded with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmittance electron microscopy (TEM). The coating properties for the film were also studied and discussed. The structure-property relationship with different molar ratios of prepolymer revealed an increasing pattern showing increase in the hard segment content increases the physico-mechanical properties of the CO based PU prepolymer. The FT-IR deconvolution results are in agreement with the film properties. The excellent abrasion resistance properties of CO based films agree well with the surface morphology and FT-IR results. The outcome of the study also suggests use of CO as a better alternative to replace petroleum based polyol for feature perspective.
Bio-Oil Heavy Fraction as a Feedstock for Hydrogen Generation via Chemical Looping Process: Reactor Design and Hydrodynamic Analysis
Authors: Zeng Dewang , Xiao Rui , Zhang Shuai , Zeng Jimin , Huang Zhicheng
Published: December 2016

Chemical looping of bio-oil is a promising route to convert this low-quality fuel to pure hydrogen with inherent gas separation and low energy penalty. By taking account of the compatibility of the oil gasification and chemical looping reactions, we design and built a novel dual fluidized bed in this work. Currently, the hydrodynamic analysis was conducted to gain some running experience and explore the optimal operating parameters. The effect of the gas velocities, particle sizes and total bed inventories on the solid flux and gas leakage were investigated. The results showed that the gas velocities of both two reactors played a positive effect on the solid flux and varying the fuel reactor gas velocity can be used as an efficient way to adjust the system solid flux. Based on a gas tracing method, the gas leakage test was performed and the results indicated that hydrogen purity could be enhanced by decreasing FR, loop seal gas flow rates and adding more bed material.
Sicily before the Muslims. The Transformation of the Roman Villas between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, Fourth to Eighth Centuries CE
Authors: Castrorao Barba Angelo
Published: December 2016

This article treats the issue of transformation in the Sicilian countryside between Late Antiquity and the Byzantine period by analyzing the fate of the Roman villas. A brief synthesis of the European debate over the end of the Roman villas helps to find new interpretative keys for the Sicilian contexts within the changes of the settlement dynamics among the last centuries of the Roman Empire and the Muslim conquest of the island. Descriptions of the primary characteristics of the Late Antique villas in Sicily can be divided into two main phases: between the third and the fifth centuries, the villas were ‘monumentalized’ as a sign of the wealth of the owners and the reorganization of the Late Roman agrarian system; from the fourth/fifth to the eighth century, some villas were reoccupied and reused in different ways (burials, new settlements, productive activities, places of worship). The study also performs some statistical analysis about chronological trends to track long-term transformations of the villas. The article concludes with some reflections and questions for future research on the complexity of rural Sicilian society during Late Antiquity and the Byzantine period.
Crystal structure of 5-hydroxy-4,6,9,10-tetramethyl-1-oxo-6-vinyldecahydro-3a,9-propanocyclopenta[8]annulen-8-yl 2-((2-methyl-1-(3-methylbenzamido)propan-2-yl)thio)acetate, C34H49NO5S
Authors: Wang Guirong , Zhao Fengwu
Published: December 2016

C34H49NO5S, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 14.4605(4) Å, b = 9.9703(4) Å, c = 22.7599(7) Å, β = 94.799(3) Å; V = 3269.90 Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0638, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1482, T = 293 K.
Pharmacological Rescue of Long-Term Potentiation in Alzheimer Diseased Synapses
Authors: Prieto G. Aleph , Trieu Brian H. , Dang Cindy T. , Bilousova Tina , Gylys Karen H. , Berchtold Nicole C. , Lynch Gary , Cotman Carl W.
Published: December 2016

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is an activity-dependent and persistent increase in synaptic transmission. Currently available techniques to measure LTP are time-intensive and require highly specialized expertise and equipment, and thus are not well suited for screening of multiple candidate treatments, even in animal models. To expand and facilitate the analysis of LTP, here we use a flow cytometry-based method to track chemically induced LTP by detecting surface AMPA receptors in isolated synaptosomes: fluorescence analysis of single-synapse long-term potentiation (FASS-LTP). First, we demonstrate that FASS-LTP is simple, sensitive, and models electrically induced LTP recorded in intact circuitries. Second, we conducted FASS-LTP analysis in two well-characterized Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models (3xTg and Tg2576) and, importantly, in cryopreserved human AD brain samples. By profiling hundreds of synaptosomes, our data provide the first direct evidence to support the idea that synapses from AD brain are intrinsically defective in LTP. Third, we used FASS-LTP for drug evaluation in human synaptosomes. Testing a panel of modulators of cAMP and cGMP signaling pathways, FASS-LTP identified vardenafil and Bay-73–6691 (phosphodiesterase-5 and -9 inhibitors, respectively) as potent enhancers of LTP in synaptosomes from AD cases. These results indicate that our approach could provide the basis for protocols to study LTP in both healthy and diseased human brains, a previously unattainable goal.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLearning and memory depend on the ability of synapses to strengthen in response to activity. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a rapid and persistent increase in synaptic transmission that is thought to be affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, direct evidence of LTP deficits in human AD brain has been elusive, primarily due to methodological limitations. Here, we analyze LTP in isolated synapses from AD brain using a novel approach that allows testing LTP in cryopreserved brain. Our analysis of hundreds of synapses supports the idea that AD-diseased synapses are intrinsically defective in LTP. Further, we identified pharmacological agents that rescue LTP in AD, thus opening up a new avenue for drug screening and evaluation of strategies for alleviating memory impairments.
Cyberfeminism, Iranian Style
Authors: Batmanghelichi K. Soraya , Mouri Leila
Published: December 2016

The June 2009 uprising following Iran's presidential election sparked the immediate scattering of its women's rights leaders across the globe. Activists living in exile took their activities online to pursue on-the-ground projects, initiating online campaigns and raising feminist awareness. Seven years later, this transition to cyberspace has had innumerable consequences for Iran's feminist movement. This article examines five Iranian rights-based platforms—Bidarzani, Women's Watch, Feminism Everyday, My Stealthy Freedom, and ZananTV—and their use of social media to vocalize and extend women's rights advocacy. Given the flourishing of cyberfeminist projects, it is worth investigating both the methodologies employed and the unforeseen constraints and costs that have emerged. For instance, do these undertakings challenge women's political and economic status in Iran? Is their activism a new and unique form of feminism? This paper explores their move online, tracing the shifts in Iran's women's rights movement, its current challenges, and its potential vulnerabilities.
Film Criticism in the Era of Algorithms
Authors: Rich B. Ruby
Published: December 2016

FQ Editor-in-Chief's quarterly roundup of the issue, her roadmap for navigating the ideas, authors, films, TV shows, and interviews featured within the issue, and a nod to FQ's coming attractions.
Screenings
Authors: Smith Paul Julian
Published: December 2016

Paul Julian Smith assesses Pedro Almodóvar's twentieth feature, Julieta, released in Spain to widespread press controversy and relative audience indifference, alongside three other recently released Spanish films that are making waves in Spain and elsewhere: the big-budget historical romance Palmeras en la nieve (Palm Trees in the Snow, Fernando González Molina, 2015), La novia (The Bride, Paula Ortiz, 2016), and Nuestros amantes (Our Lovers, Miguel Ángel Lamata, 2016).
Lithuanian Publisher’s Needs for Training
Authors: Gudinavičius Arūnas
Published: December 2016

The survey on the training and professional development needs of Lithuanian publishers was designed and conducted. The pilot research showed that publishers in Lithuania have an interest in professional training. According to the results, the need for training among the employees of Lithuanian publishing houses depends on the previous training experience: the more training courses the employee had before, the greater need for training he/she expresses. 82% of publishing house employees from four different fields agreed and strongly agreed on the need for training. Very few employees would like to pay for training by themselves. The identified need for training appears to reflect the nature of the problems encountered in the publishing field in Lithuania: Copyright, Law & Rights is the most wanted training topic among managing directors. The list of preferred topics for training can be used as the grounds for creating a supply of publishing training courses.
TERORIZMO KRIMINALIZAVIMAS LIETUVOJE
Authors: Pakštaitis Laurynas
Published: December 2016

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos terorizmo, teroro akto kriminalizavimo tradicijos Lietuvoje, kriminalizavimo prielaidos, užsienio šalių kriminalizavimo tendencijos, naujausi požiūriai baudžiamosios teisės moksle, teroristinių nusikaltimų koncepcijos įtvirtinimas, taip pat teroro akto sudėčių požymiai.
KALTĖ KAIP JURIDINIŲ ASMENŲ ADMINISTRACINIO BAUDIMO SĄLYGA
Authors: Markevičiūtė Milda
Published: December 2016

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama juridinių asmenų kaltės problematika esant administracinio baudimo teisiniams santykiams. Kaltė, kaip vienas iš galimų administracinės atsakomybės subjektyviosios pusės požymių, analizuojama tiek baudimo pagal Administracinių teisės pažeidimų kodeksą (Administracinių nusižengimų kodeksą) fizinių asmenų aspektu, tiek ir baudimo pagal specialiuosius įstatymus atvejais. Straipsnyje pateikiamas juridinių asmenų kaltės požymio administracinio baudimo teisiniuose santykiuose lyginimas su analogiška kategorija baudžiamosios atsakomybės teisiniuose santykiuose, siekiant įvertinti kaltės elemento taikymo teigiamus ir neigiamus aspektus. Taip pat analizuojamos specialiųjų įstatymų ir Lietuvos Respublikos viešojo administravimo įstatymo nuostatos, susijusios su juridinių asmenų baudimu.
BENDROSIOS KOMPETENCIJOS TEISMŲ CIVILINIŲ BYLŲ NAGRINĖJIMO IR SPRENDIMO TERMINAI (RUSIJOS PATIRTIS)
Authors: Borisova Elena
Published: December 2016

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