bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How international doctoral students’ fields of study, proficiency in English and gender interact with their sense of making progress in English academic writing abilities
Authors: Phyo Wai Mar , Nikolov Marianne , Hódi Ágnes
Published: December 2023

This study investigates how non-native English-speaking (NNES) doctoral students self-assess their English academic writing (EAW) abilities. A total of 255 international NNES students, hailing from 49 different countries and speaking 48 mother tongues, voluntarily participated in our study. They were enrolled in 65 PhD programs at 14 universities across Hungary during the 2021–2022 academic year. To address our research aim, we developed a survey using a 6-point Likert scale, following the guidelines of Dörnyei and Dewaele (2022). The survey focused on self-assessing their abilities to write academic texts in English. The analysis results indicate that students lacked confidence in their EAW abilities at the beginning of their PhD studies but exhibited increased confidence at the current stage. The results also highlight the influence of gender and English language proficiency on EAW self-assessments. Additionally, senior PhD students demonstrated greater confidence in field-specific lexical knowledge compared to their first-year peers. This study highlights the fact that NNES novice writers lacked the necessary EAW skills upon entering their PhD programs, making it challenging for them to start doctoral-level writing immediately. This underscores the need for comprehensive support that encompasses both enhancing English language proficiency and providing academic writing assistance.
A mapping review of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus proportions, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon
Authors: Keneh Nene Kaah , Kenmoe Sebastien , Bowo-Ngandji Arnol , Tatah Kihla Akoachere Jane-Francis , Gonsu Kamga Hortense , Ndip Roland Ndip , Ebogo-Belobo Jean Thierry , Kengne-Ndé Cyprien , Mbaga Donatien Serge , Tendongfor Nicholas , Ndip Lucy Mande , Esemu Seraphine Nkie
Published: December 2023

Background

The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has increased and poses a significant threat to human and animal health in Cameroon and the world at large. MRSA strains have infiltrated various settings, including hospitals, communities, and livestock, contributing to increased morbidity, treatment costs, and mortality. This evidence synthesis aims to understand MRSA prevalence, resistance patterns, and genetic characterization in Cameroon.

Methods

The methodology was consistent with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies of any design containing scientific data on MRSA prevalence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon were eligible for inclusion, with no restrictions on language or publication date. The search involved a comprehensive search strategy in several databases including Medline, Embase, Global Health, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, and African Journal Online. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Hoy et al tool, and the results were synthesized and presented in narrative synthesis and/or tables and graphs.

Results

The systematic review analyzed 24 studies, mostly conducted after 2010, in various settings in Cameroon. The studies, characterized by moderate to low bias, revealed a wide prevalence of MRSA ranging from 1.9% to 46.8%, with considerable variation based on demographic and environmental factors. Animal (0.2%), food (3.2% to 15.4%), and environmental samples (0.0% to 34.6%) also showed a varied prevalence of MRSA. The genetic diversity of MRSA was heterogeneous, with different virulence gene profiles and clonal lineages identified in various populations and sample types. Antimicrobial resistance rates showed great variability in the different regions of Cameroon, with notable antibiotic resistance recorded for the beta-lactam, fluoroquinolone, glycopeptide, lincosamide, and macrolide families.

Conclusion

This study highlights the significant variability in MRSA prevalence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon, and emphasizes the pressing need for comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship strategies in the country.
Antimicrobial use related problems and determinants in surgical ward of Ethiopian tertiary hospital
Authors: Niriayo Yirga Legesse , Ayalneh Melisew , Demoz Gebre Teklemariam , Tesfay Nigusse , Gidey Kidu
Published: December 2023

Background

Antibiotic use related problems lead to the emergence of resistance, failure of therapy, morbidity, mortality, and unnecessary healthcare expenditure. However, little is known about antimicrobial use related problems in our setting particularly in hospitalized surgical patients.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate antibiotic use related problems and their determinants among hospitalized surgical patients.

Methodology

A prospective observational study was conducted from December 2018 to April 2019 at the surgical ward of the Ayder comprehensive specialized hospital, located in Northern Ethiopia. We included patients admitted to the surgical ward who were on antibiotic therapy or were candidates for antibiotic therapy/prophylaxis. The patients were recruited during admission and were followed daily until discharge. Data were collected through patient interviews and expert reviews of medical and medication records. The appropriateness of antibiotic use was evaluated according to the Infectious Disease Society of America, American Society of Health System Pharmacists, and World Health Organization guidelines. Subsequently, antibiotic use related problems were identified and classified based on Cipolle’s method followed by consensus review with experts. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify the determinants of antibiotic use related problems. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05.

Results

Among 272 patients, 167(61.4%) experienced antibiotics use related problems. A total of 235 antibiotics use related problems were identified equating 0.86±0.82 problems per patient. The commonly identified antibiotic use related problems were the need for additional drug therapy (29.4%), unnecessary drug therapy (15%), and dosage too high (12.1%). Cephalosporin (47.02%) was the most commonly implicated class of antibiotics in these drug related problems, followed by penicillin (18.45%) and metronidazole (16.02%). Prolonged hospitalization (AOR: 3.57, 95% CI: 1.91–6.70), number of medications≥5 (AOR: 2.08, 95%CI: 1.10–3.94), and lower qualifications of practitioners [general practitioners (AOR: 10.27, 95%CI: 4.13–25.58) and surgical residents (AOR: 2.28, 95%CI: 1.12–4.63)] were predictors of antibiotic use related problems.

Conclusion

Antibiotic use related problems were common among the hospitalized surgical patients. Prolonged hospitalizations, number of medications, and lower qualifications of practitioners were predictors of antibiotic use related problems. Therefore, more emphasis should be given for patients with prolonged hospitalization and multiple medications. Moreover, practitioners with higher qualifications including surgical specialists need to be involved in patient evaluations.
Occupational physical activity as a determinant of daytime activity patterns and pregnancy and infant health
Authors: Thrower Alexis , Quinn Tyler , Jones Melissa , Whitaker Kara M. , Barone Gibbs Bethany
Published: December 2023

Though physical activity (PA) is recommended during pregnancy, it remains unclear how occupational physical activity (OPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) contribute to activity patterns and health during pregnancy. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to determine if OPA pattern is a determinant of all-day PA and evaluate associations with pregnancy/infant health outcomes. Data was from two prospective cohorts with study visits each trimester: MoM Health (Pittsburgh, PA; n = 120) and PRAMS (Iowa City, Iowa; n = 20). Using employment status/job hours (self-reported in demographic questionnaires) and OPA from the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire, latent class analysis identified three groups: sitting (n = 61), part-time mixed (n = 9), and active (n = 29). A fourth group included non-working participants (n = 32). Device-based PA (ActiGraph GT3X), SB (activPAL3 micro), and blood pressure were measured each trimester. Glucose screening test, gestational age, gestational weight gain, adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs: gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, gestational diabetes, intrauterine growth restriction, and preterm birth), and infant outcomes (length, weight, and sex) were abstracted from medical records. Associations between groups with APOs and pregnancy/infant health were calculated using linear/logistic regression with adjustment for age, pre-pregnancy BMI, education, and race. Self-reported participant characteristics were similar across groups, except education which was higher in the sitting versus other groups. All-day device-based PA differed across groups; for example, the sitting group had the highest SB across trimester (all p<0.01) while the active group had the highest steps per day across trimesters (all p<0.01). Pregnancy/infant health did not differ between groups (all p>0.09). Compared to the non-working group, the risk of any APO was non-significantly higher in the sitting (OR = 2.27, 95%CI = 0.63–8.18) and active groups (OR = 2.40, 95%CI = 0.66–9.75), though not the part-time mixed (OR = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.08–9.1). OPA pattern is a determinant of all-day PA during pregnancy. Future studies with larger samples should examine associations between pregnancy OPA patterns and pregnancy/infant health.
Can phone surveys be representative in low- and middle-income countries? An application to Myanmar
Authors: Lambrecht Isabel , van Asselt Joanna , Headey Derek , Minten Bart , Meza Patrick , Sabai Moe , Sun Thet Su , Win Hnin Ei
Published: December 2023

For decades, in-person data collection has been the standard modality for nationally and sub-nationally representative socio-economic survey data in low- and middle-income countries. As the COVID-19 pandemic rendered in-person surveys impossible and unethical, the urgent need for rapid monitoring necessitated researchers and statistical agencies to turn to phone surveys. However, apart from pandemic-related factors, a variety of other reasons can render large segments of a population inaccessible for in-person surveys, including political instability, climatic shocks, and remoteness. Such circumstances currently prevail in Myanmar, a country facing civil conflict and political instability since the February 2021 military takeover. Moreover, Myanmar routinely experiences extreme weather events and is characterized by numerous inaccessible and remote regions due to its mountainous geography. We describe a novel approach to sample design and statistical weighting that has been successfully applied in Myanmar to obtain nationally and sub-nationally representative phone survey data. We use quota sampling and entropy weighting to obtain a better geographical distribution compared to recent in-person survey efforts, including reaching respondents in areas of active conflict. Moreover, we minimize biases towards certain household and respondent characteristics that are usually present in phone surveys, for example towards well-educated or wealthy households, or towards men or household heads as respondents. Finally, due to the rapidly changing political and economic situation in Myanmar in 2022, the need for frequent and swift monitoring was critical. We carried out our phone survey over four quarters in 2022, interviewing more than 12,000 respondents in less than three months each survey. A survey of this scale and pace, though generally of much shorter duration than in-person interviews, could only be possible on the phone. Our study proves the feasibility of collecting nationally and sub nationally representative phone survey data using a non-representative sample frame, which is critical for rapid monitoring in any volatile economy.
Genes differentially expressed between pathogenic and non-pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica clones influence pathogenicity-associated phenotypes by multiple mechanisms
Authors: Anders Juliett , König Constantin , Lender Corinna , Hellhund Arne , Nehls Sarah , Shalabi Ibrahim , Honecker Barbara , Lorenzen Stephan , Meyer Martin , Matthiesen Jenny , Cadar Dániel , Roeder Thomas , Galal Metwally Nahla , Lotter Hannelore , Bruchhaus Iris
Published: December 2023

Recently, two genes involved in amoebic liver abscess formation in a mouse model were identified by their differential expression of non-pathogenic (A1np) and pathogenic (B2p) clones of the Entamoeba histolytica isolate HM:1-IMSS. While overexpression of a gene encoding the metallopeptidase EhMP8-2 reduces the virulence of the pathogenic clone B2p, overexpression of the gene ehi_127670 (ehhp127), encoding a hypothetical protein, increases the virulence of the non-pathogenic clone A1np, while silencing this gene in the pathogenic B2p reduces virulence. To understand the role of both molecules in determining the pathogenicity of E. histolytica, silencing, and overexpression transfectants were characterized in detail. Silencing of ehmp8-2, of the homologous gene ehmp8-1, or both in non-pathogenic A1np trophozoites significantly altered the transcript levels of 347, 216, and 58 genes, respectively. This strong change in the expression profiles caused by the silencing of ehmp8-1 and ehmp8-2 implies that these peptidases regulate the expression of numerous genes. Consequently, numerous phenotypic characteristics, including cytopathic, hemolytic, and cysteine peptidase activity, were altered in response to their silencing. Silencing of ehhp127 in pathogenic B2p trophozoites did not affect the expression of other genes, whereas its overexpression in non-pathogenic A1np trophozoites results in an altered expression of approximately 140 genes. EhHP127 is important for trophozoite motility, as its silencing reduces, while its overexpression enhances movement activity. Interestingly, the specific silencing of ehhp127 also significantly affects cytopathic, cysteine peptidase, and hemolytic activities. All three molecules characterized in this study, namely EhMP8-1, EhMP8-2, and EhHP127, are present in amoeba vesicles. The results show that ehmp8-2 and ehhp127 are not only differentially expressed between pathogenic and non-pathogenic amoebae, but that they also significantly affect amoeba pathogenicity-associated phenotypes by completely different mechanisms. This observation suggests that the regulation of amoeba pathogenicity is achieved by a complex network of molecular mechanisms rather than by single factors.
Body Melts: A somatic approach to figure skating
Authors: Luther Maja , Lefebvre Sell Naomi
Published: December 2023

This article investigates a somatic approach to movement on ice in several contexts. First, the examination of figure skating training and whether a somatic movement approach could be beneficial for the development of competitive athletes or recreational skaters. Second, whether this approach may diversify movement forms and artistic outcomes on ice. For this empirical research a mixed methodology was used and included an international survey, as well as Practice as Research process in the dance studio and on ice. This article argues that knowledge and research of somatic techniques integrated into contemporary dance training are transferrable to figure skating training, bringing a variety of positive developmental effects. The PaR process resulted in a performance installation titled Body Melts and suggests that there is potential for figure skating as an artform to be recontextualized and for audience expectations to be challenged.
A Guide to a Somatic Movement Practice: The Anatomy of Center, Nancy Topf and Hetty King (2022)
Authors: Hawkins Kat
Published: December 2023

Review of: A Guide to a Somatic Movement Practice: The Anatomy of Center, Nancy Topf and Hetty King (2022)

Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 182 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-81306-867-1, p/bk, $30
Witnessing sexual harassment in Microbus: A conversation with filmmaker Maggie Kamal
Authors: Weys Dian
Published: December 2023

Maggie Kamal is an Egyptian filmmaker based in New York City. Culminating in a scene of sexual harassment, her short film Microbus (2021) serves as a microcosm of patriarchal society and the precarious situations that women often have to navigate. During its festival run from March 2021 until August 2023, the short film drew passionate yet diverging responses from across the United States, Europe and the Middle East, suggesting how audience reception can reveal the different yet subtle ways in which sexism operates.
The rhythms and the dualist character of space in Marco Calvani’s The View from Up Here
Authors: Abdel-Ghani Taher
Published: December 2023

This article poses a critical question regarding the concept of everyday life: can everydayness be a source of conflict? It spotlights an overlapping framework of J. Ann Tickner’s notion of the realist and its perception of threat against all that is foreign and Hannah Arendt’s portrait of loneliness and isolation as the common ground for terror. Reinforcing this framework, the article focuses on Marco Calvani’s short film The View from Up Here, which uses space as a foregrounded character embodying an existential dualism of realism and otherism, expressed through the protagonists of Claire and Lila respectively.
Illegal avian and reptilian pets: Global perspectives and challenges
Authors: Dutta Himangshu
Published: December 2023

Human desire to keep wildlife as pets has created new avenues for exploitation of biodiversity. People satisfy their craving either by obtaining the preferred species from the wild or illicit market. To regulate such activities, laws have been formulated at the national and international levels. Growing demand and scope of commercial gains often require collection of wildlife beyond sustainable levels not permitted by regulations. Under a number of circumstances, the supply and procurement of legally protected species continues in violation of regulations. This has created the enormous possibility of unsustainable harvesting of wild species. The present review focuses on avian and reptilian pets with an aim to provide an overview of illegal pet keeping practices and trade, as well as understand the related driving factors, determinants and consequences. The purpose is to reveal the overall enormity of the illegal pet trade of these two heavily preferred and traded vertebrate classes together, which has never been done. The review is based on peer-reviewed and grey literature retrieved from online sources. The consequences and prevalent situations have been understood by citing appropriate examples. It was revealed that a number of factors intricately interlinked with social, economic, cultural and legal aspects of the society are responsible for this problem. The magnitude of illegal pet trade is also inconspicuous. The most formidable challenge in solving the problem arises from the fact that mechanisms designed to control it are actually utilized for its acceleration. Thus, collaborative initiatives should be taken by conservationists, policymakers, technocrats, law enforcers and social scientists to formulate appropriate solutions.
La fortuna de un intelectual y científico de la Ilustración en el extranjero: El caso de José Manuel Pellicer
Authors: Menudo Pachón José Manuel
Published: December 2023

Originario de Jatiel, José Manuel Pellicer García emigra para participar, entre las décadas de 1780 y 1800, en un período de efervescencia de centros académicos donde compartir y enseñar los avances en todo tipo de disciplinas. Como autodidacta en hidráulica y astronomía, este eclesiástico hizo uso de un conocimiento práctico para realizar numerosas propuestas. Todas ellas fueron siempre rechazadas por las instituciones científicas, distinguiéndose por su cercanía a las autoridades políticas y académicas —Benjamin Franklin, el conde de Aranda, Joseph Lalande o el conde de Mirabeau. En París y Londres, formó parte del entorno de la embajada española, y siempre logró el acceso a los secretarios de Estado, desde Floridablanca hasta Mariano Luis de Urquijo. Este artículo reconstruye una parte de su vida, centrándonos en sus polémicas científicas y en sus contribuciones al campo de las humanidades. Una biografía que refleja las grandes trasformaciones que se produjeron durante aquellas décadas en los centros académicos y en la política científica. Pero también, una vida que plasma los cambios en los equilibrios de poder, en los que la Iglesia que defiende Pellicer pierde una parte importante de su influencia en la corte, en la ciencia y en la educación.
Persiguiendo al otro: Reflexiones sobre el impacto social de la invasión española de Portugal en 1762
Authors: Martín Marcos David
Published: December 2023

Este artículo analiza el profundo impacto que tuvo en algunas sociedades de la península Ibérica el conflicto hispano-portugués de 1762. Específicamente, se ocupa de los procesos de fronterización popular visibles en las zonas de la Raya y de la oposición del campesinado al estamento militar. A partir de ahí, estudia, además, la estigmatización de las comunidad española residente en Portugal y de los portugueses asentados en España coincidiendo con el estallido de la contienda. Desde una perspectiva transnacional, el texto descubre estrategias de los individuos pertenecientes a ambos grupos nacionales para hacer frente a la creciente animadversión que padecieron, así como sus reivindicaciones para permanecer en sus lugares de residencia pese a las órdenes de expulsión dictadas contra ellos por los gobiernos de Madrid y Lisboa. Frente a la idea tradicional de que la contienda fue en el occidente peninsular una «Guerra Fantástica», se demuestra, por tanto, que esa categorización resulta inexacta al marginar la agencia de los grupos populares.
¿Corrupción o uniformización? Las razones tras la implantación del régimen de intendencias en América
Authors: Enríquez Lucrecia
Published: December 2023

A partir de la primera propuesta de extender a América las intendencias españolas, hecha por José del Campillo y Cossío en 1743, se analizan las razones que llevaron a implementar esta reforma, teniendo en cuenta los distintos argumentos que se consideraron al interior del Consejo de Indias y en las secretarias del despacho para realizarla o posponerla, tales como reformar el gobierno político y económico, poner fin a la corrupción y uniformar el gobierno de la Monarquía. Asimismo, se confrontan los argumentos que la historiografía ha dado para entender las razones que explican sus contenidos fundamentales y la manera de implementarla, destacando la adaptación local.
Una nueva contribución a la arquitectura funeraria de Anatolia occidental: tumba de cámara excavada en la roca del período clásico de Tisna (Turquía)
Authors: Erdan Emre
Published: December 2023

Este trabajo presenta observaciones e interpretaciones preliminares sobre una tumba monumental descubierta en 2021 en Tisna, antigua ciudad dentro de los límites de la Eólida. La tumba fue encontrada en la zona inferior de una enorme masa de roca al n de la acrópolis de Sarıkale Tepe, que es el área principal del asentamiento de Tisna. La tumba monumental, que refleja un tipo desconocido en la región hasta hoy, corresponde a una tipología no documentada hasta ahora en Anatolia, que resulta novedosa tanto por estar tallada en la masa rocosa como por haber sido construida parcialmente con bloques de piedra. La tumba aún llama más la atención por su cámara funeraria con pinturas.

Dentro y alrededor de la tumba se han encontrado diferentes artefactos arqueológicos, por lo que podemos definirla como la más magnífica de la Eólida hasta el momento. Aunque el más antiguo de los hallazgos data del Período Geométrico, la continuidad material hasta el Período Bizantino es evidente. Las monedas recuperadas en el interior y en las proximidades de la tumba se fechan entre finales del s. v e inicios del iv a. C. Además, la técnica de construcción utilizada en los muros, así como otros rasgos arquitectónicos de la cámara funeraria, también responden a las características del Período Clásico. El fuerte vínculo de Tisna con el Imperio Aqueménida, que también se observa en la acuñación de monedas de la ciudad, sugiere que esta tumba pudo haber pertenecido a un noble o a un grupo familiar más amplio.
Lucius Horatius y los sellos más antiguos sobre ánforas de aceite del sur de Hispania. Consideraciones a partir del hallazgo de nuevos ejemplares
Authors: Gonzalez Tobar Ivan , Berni Millet Piero , De Almeida Rui Roberto , González Cesteros Horacio , García Vargas Enrique
Published: December 2023

Las fases tardorrepublicana y tempranoaugústea son de máxima trascendencia para entender el aumento exponencial de las exportaciones de aceite bético en época altoimperial. El inicio del fenómeno del intenso sellado de las ánforas olearias también se genera en esas etapas iniciales. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar en profundidad la producción epigráfica de Lucius Horatius, el testimonio anfórico impreso más antiguo de las ánforas olearias. Se presentan con detalle los hallazgos más recientes, que sitúan por vez primera sus ánforas selladas en la Bética y en la Galia. Se realiza una recopilación y puesta al día crítica de todos los datos epigráficos y arqueológicos conocidos hasta la fecha y se discute en profundidad su adscripción tipológica. Su recorrido presenta una importante difusión en la Península Ibérica, con especial incidencia en la fachada atlántica portuguesa y gallega, y una segunda línea de difusión hacia el Mediterráneo. Los hallazgos en Galicia y Portugal guardan relación con la definitiva conquista del conjunto de la Península Ibérica en tiempos de Augusto, mientras que los de la fachada mediterránea apuntan a otras vías de comercio público o privado, que se fueron expandiendo con las ánforas ovoides béticas desde poco antes de dar comienzo el Principado.
Excavaciones en el templo toscano de Pollentia (Alcúdia, Mallorca): estudio de la secuencia constructiva y de los artefactos recuperados
Authors: Vallori Márquez Bartomeu , Cau Ontiveros Miguel Ángel , Chávez Álvarez María Esther
Published: December 2023

La presencia de templos de tipología clásica en Hispania se remonta a finales del siglo III o principios del II a. C. Un tipo en particular, el templo toscano, ha sido puesto de relieve por su supuesta identificación como capitolia. El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer un análisis de los materiales recuperados durante la excavación en extensión del templo toscano de Pollentia (Alcúdia, Mallorca), con especial interés por intentar fijar su cronología inicial. Aunque los materiales presentan un alto porcentaje de residualidad, útil para el estudio del asentamiento previo, las clases y tipos identificados permiten proponer, teniendo en cuenta el contexto local y regional, una datación para la construcción del templo. Como resultado, se ha podido sugerir una cronología inicial entre el 122 y el 100/80 a. C, así como avanzar en el conocimiento de algunas acciones inmediatamente anteriores a la fundación de la ciudad y de la evolución del asentamiento indígena preexistente, que se remontaría al menos al siglo IV a. C. La existencia de un templo de estas características en Pollentia enriquece la imagen del núcleo originario.
CREATION AND FOREIGN TRADE OF TECHNOLOGIES IN RUSSIA: TERRITORIAL DIFFERENCES
Authors: Polyanskaya Natalya M.
Published: December 2023

Currently, the issues of scientific, technical, technological and innovative development of the country and its territories are among the priority strategic tasks of ensuring national security. The country's global position is largely determined by the level of technological development and the potential for technology exports. This article is a continuation of the research started in the work "The main trends in the development of scientific, technical and innovative potential of Russia: territorial differences". The analysis of trends in the creation and use of technologies in the territorial context is carried out: the parameters of the developed advanced production technologies, export and import of Russian technologies are considered, the effectiveness of foreign trade turnover of technologies is assessed. The development of advanced production technologies in Russia is spatially placed according to the availability of scientific personnel, social labor productivity, investments in fixed assets, internal costs for science, as well as the level of innovative development. The leaders of export revenues from the sale of scientific products are the regions of the Central, North-Western and Volga Federal Districts. In order to strengthen its place in world science, in the world economy, while preserving and multiplying the existing scientific, technical and innovative potential, Russia needs to do everything possible to improve the effectiveness of scientific and technical policy, maintain the continuity of the reproduction of scientific personnel and the development of scientific institutions. It is necessary to ensure rational, integrated management aimed at achieving a balanced regional development.
SOCIAL SUPPORT OF INTEGRATION AND EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN THE EURASIA
Authors: Lipai Tatyana , Gevorgyan Mariam
Published: December 2023

The article focuses on the Eurasian Education System (EES) as an integration of different education approaches, and stresses the importance of social aspects in the construction of the comprehensive EES. Based on the results of the research, the article identifies the dynamics of the social support of integration processes, and notes its development. The authors consider main directions, practices and approaches to enhance the social support for integration and development. The authors refer to the works of contemporary Armenian, Belarusian and foreign authors who wrote on education systems that developed the methodological grounds for promoting solidarity, and identify ways to extend the EES’s support base.The article shows that the resource of social solidarity, unity and structural-functional integration of the EES is in the everyday efforts to strengthen it together with the social efficiency, and this resource can be discourse of the member states in the field of social-scientific cooperation. The development of the support base for integration processes includes such practices and resources that ensure interiorization of symbols, norms, values, and solidarity of the peoples and elites of the Eurasian Education System.
MODELING OF ETHNO-CULTURAL DIPLOMACY: ISOMORPHISM OF ACTORS AND LEVEL CORRELATION OF ACTIVITIES
Authors: Abdullayev Sayfulla N. , Abdullayeva Giuzal S.
Published: December 2023

This article is the result of the description and understanding of ethno-cultural processes in Kyrgyzstan. The subjects of the ethnosphere present new facets of their activities in the context of modern processes in Eurasia. The purpose of the article is to interpret ethno-cultural processes as a resource of Eurasian integration. Ethnoculturalism contains a great integration potential. The authors describe integration processes on the example of ethno-cultural communities of Kyrgyzstan. They are members of a mass ethno–cultural organization - the Assembly of the People of Kyrgyzstan. There are analogues of such a mass organization in many countries and regions in the Eurasian space. The authors use the term "cohesion" to denote integration processes in Kyrgyzstan and in the Eurasian space. For the scientific study of the multidimensional activity of ethno-cultural public associations, the authors use the modeling method. The model of ethno-cultural actors of Eurasian integration has four aspects. The combinatorial aspect of the model is particularly relevant. This aspect studies the processes of cohesion and the boundaries of cultures in Eurasia. The article uses the scientific method of modeling, synchronous description and comparison techniques. The study revealed a tendency to spread the specifics of the functioning of ethno-cultural public associations in the Eurasian space. The authors distinguish the formal and meaningful isomorphism of the described subjects. The ethno-cultural resources of Eurasian integration are an example of public diplomacy. Public diplomacy is currently relevant. The results of the study give a new impetus to the activities of the Assembly of Peoples of Kyrgyzstan and other People's assemblies in Eurasia.
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF THE CIVIC IDENTITY OF ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Tishchenko Roman V.
Published: December 2023

The paper attempts a systematic review of theoretical and methodological approaches to the definition of the concept and the peculiarities of the formation of civic identity among adolescent citizens. The relevance of this topic is connected with the need for the formation of civil society, ideological, political and social socialization of the younger generation, the formation of values of patriotism and citizenship, stimulating the participation of various social institutions in the formation of the civic identity of adolescents. The work was carried out on the basis of a systematic analysis of foreign literature and content analysis of publications reflecting applied studies of the civic identity of adolescents. The individual and social levels of the formation of civic identity are highlighted, the role of public organizations (primarily volunteer organizations) in the formation of a worldview, values, etc. is determined. The conducted review demonstrated that the civic identity of adolescents represents a wide range of social actions and interactions: as forms of active civic participation in various social processes, passive forms (detachment from participation), as well as protest forms. The scientific significance of the work lies in some systematization of foreign theoretical studies on the issues of civil identity of adolescents, reflection of research interests and focus of attention with the analyzed processes and phenomena. The applied significance of the work is determined by the possibility of using its results in the development of concepts and programs of work with the adolescent contingent and the organization of systematic multi-vector work on the formation of civic identity.
ABOUT NETWORK CONTACTS OF SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL CENTERS (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE "EURASIAN INTEGRATION IN THE NEW CONDITIONS: FEATURES AND PROSPECTS")
Authors: Osadchaya Galina I. , Volkova Olga A. , Maximova Svetlana G.
Published: December 2023

The article acquaints readers with the results of the International Scientific and Practical Conference «Eurasian Integration in New Conditions: Features and Prospects» held on April 19-21, 2023, organized by the leading scientific centers, universities and public organizations of Russia, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, specializing in international cooperation, strategic research, higher education and integration policy. Organizational features of the forum, held in the network format and its synergistic effects in the conditions of multipolar world order, were considered.
Central Asia: Historical and Cultural Heritage in the structure of interethnic relations of the late XX – early XXI century
Authors: Oktyabrskaya Irina V.
Published: December 2023

The article examines the history of the development of strategies and practices for the preservation of cultural and intangible cultural heritage in the countries of post-Soviet Central Asia. It is shown that they developed dynamically, in general, in accordance with global trends; they were correlated with UNESCO documents and fixed at the level of national legal systems, state cultural policy, in academic and socio-political discourses. The concepts of cultural heritage were the basis of the national sovereignty of the countries of Central Asia – the lists of internationally recognized objects of cultural heritage and masterpieces of intangible cultural heritage acquired a significant character. At the same time, in the course of a broad humanitarian dialogue, interethnic strategies for the study, preservation and popularization of cultural heritage were being formed. Their ideology was determined by the civilizational approach and the principles of "practical Eurasianism". When approving national priorities, the Central Asian states focused on multi-vector, multipolar cooperation, including relations in culture, politics, and economy. Historical and cultural heritage was a factor of their integration into the world cultural community and into the space of the Turkic world. With the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the processes of cultural dialogue in the post-Soviet space have reached a new level. The formation of variable integration models has determined one of the main trends in the development of Central Asian countries.
LEGAL AND SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECTS OF THE LANGUAGE POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Sokolova Tatiana I.
Published: December 2023

The issues of socio-cultural development of Russia and the strengthening of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values are becoming increasingly relevant in connection with the new challenges of our time. At the same time, in this context, the problem of learning the language, which is the main carrier of the culture and national identity of the people, is of no small importance. In this regard, the value of the Russian language is emphasized by its significant potential in shaping the civic identity of Russians and Russian ethnic identity. Therefore, it is very significant that in a number of normative documents of recent years, the need to preserve and strengthen the positions of the Russian language is indicated as the most important task. Despite the obvious attention and wide coverage of language topics in legislative documents, socio-political and scientific discourse, there are some controversial points. In this connection, the purpose of this work is to identify the contradictions enshrined in the regulatory framework, the materials of which are somehow related to the language policy of the Russian Federation, and to determine their impact on the socio-cultural development of the state. Among the main tasks was the study of normative documents, legislative acts and scientific literature on the issues of language policy. The main research methods used were content analysis of legal documentation, analysis of studies on controversial aspects of language policy, comparison, and generalization. The analysis revealed the presence in the language legislation of the Russian Federation of controversial issues regarding the definition of the status of the Russian language and the scope of its application as a state language, the lack of a clear understanding of the category "native language". It is shown that more precise formulations can reduce potential conflict situations, for example, language conflicts in the republics of such a multinational state as Russia. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the materials can be used to clarify the wording in regulatory documents, including the further improvement of the concept of the language policy of the Russian Federation.
Site strategy review for one of the leading tech companies worldwide as an example of the ‘Organisational Behaviour’ issue
Authors: Riess Victoria
Published: December 2023

As an Engagement Manager at my previous employer, I faced the ‘Organisational Behaviour’ issue to develop and deliver the site strategy consulting project for my client, one of the leading tech companies worldwide. The project aimed at advancing the Operating Model of the German site and deriving recommendations for the Site Strategy. In the following essay, I first describe the issue that I have faced at my previous employer, second develop approaches to deal with the issue, and third derive a recommendation.Firstly, the initial situation was that the company’s Safety Engineering Center, the German site, was the global hub for the company’s Internet safety work. Its strategic programs span understanding the Internet safety problem, developing solutions, and partnering with other partners and empowering users. The strategic challenge was to grow the German site by 1,500 new jobs in the next years. The focus was on current teams who were working on the Browser product, data security, and internal systems.Secondly, the project goals were to generate an understanding of the markets, clients and channels, and proposition and brands for the company’s Safety Engineering Center. In addition, the goal was to prepare a decision basis regarding the Site Strategy review. This included operational infrastructure, governance and structure, people and culture, as well as measures and incentives. The objective was to derive actionable strategic recommendations for the Site Strategy based on the Business and Operating Model.
Determining the Accuracy of Intestinal Ultrasound Scores as a Prescreening Tool in Crohn's Disease Clinical Trials
Authors: Dolinger Michael T. , Aronskyy Illya , Kellar Amelia , Gao Michael , Spencer Elizabeth A. , Pittman Nanci , Dubinsky Marla C.
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION:

High rates of screen failure for the minimum Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES-CD) plague Crohn's disease (CD) clinical trials. We aimed to determine the accuracy of segmental intestinal ultrasound (IUS) parameters and scores to detect segmental SES-CD activity.

METHODS:

A single-center, blinded, cross-sectional cohort study of children and young adult patients with CD undergoing IUS and ileocolonoscopy, comparing segmental IUS bowel wall thickness (BWT), hyperemia (modified Limberg score [MLS]), and scores to detect segmental SES-CD activity: (i) SES-CD ≤2, (ii) SES-CD ≥6, and (iii) SES-CD ≥4 in the terminal ileum (TI) only. Primary outcome was accuracy of BWT, MLS, and IUS scores to detect SES-CD ≤2 and SES-CD ≥6. Secondary outcomes were accuracy of TI BWT, MLS, and IUS scores to detect SES-CD ≥4 and correlation with the SES-CD.

RESULTS:

Eighty-two patients (median [interquartile range] age 16.5 [12.9–20.0] years) underwent IUS and ileocolonoscopy of 323 bowel segments. Segmental BWT ≤3.1 mm had a similar high accuracy to detect SES-CD ≤2 as IUS scores (area under the receiver operating curve [AUROC] 0.833 [95% confidence interval 0.76–0.91], 94% sensitivity, and 73% specificity). Segmental BWT ≥3.6 mm and ≥4.3 mm had similar high accuracy to detect SES-CD ≥6 (AUROC 0.950 [95% confidence interval 0.92–0.98], 89% sensitivity, 93% specificity) in the colon and an SES-CD ≥4 in the TI (AUROC 0.874 [0.79–0.96], 80% sensitivity, and 91% specificity) as IUS scores. Segmental IUS scores strongly correlated with the SES-CD.

DISCUSSION:

Segmental IUS BWT is highly accurate to detect moderate-to-severe endoscopic inflammation. IUS may be the ideal prescreening tool to reduce unnecessary trial screen failures.
Use of Impedance Planimetry in the Diagnosis of Gastric Sleeve Stenosis: The Establishment of New Benchmark Values
Authors: Evans Gretchen , Yu Jessica X. , Moy Benjamin , Leith Annelie , Volk Sarah , Taher Omar , Miller Candice , Schulman Allison R.
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Gastric sleeve stenosis (GSS) is an increasingly common adverse event following sleeve gastrectomy for which objective diagnostic criteria are lacking. Impedance planimetry measurements show promise in characterizing GSS, though normal and abnormal benchmark values have never been established.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective analysis of upper endoscopies performed with impedance planimetry for suspected GSS. A bariatric endoscopist, blind to impedance planimetry measurements, assessed gastric sleeve anatomy and graded GSS severity. Impedance planimetry of diameter and distensibility index (DI) were obtained using 3 different balloon volumes (30, 40, and 50 mL).

RESULTS:

A total of 110 upper endoscopies were included. Distribution of GSS was graded as none, mild, moderate, and severe in 19 (17%), 27 (25%), 34 (31%), and 30 (27%) procedures, respectively. In normal gastric sleeve anatomy, mean (±SD) diameter and DI measurements using consecutive balloon volumes ranged from 19.1 (±5.5) to 23.2 (±1.7) and 16.8 (±4.9) to 23.1 (±10.9), respectively. In severe GSS, mean diameter and DI measurements ranged from 10.3 (±3.0) to 16.6 (±2.1) and 7.5 (±2.4) to 7.7 (±2.4), respectively. When stratified by severity, impedance planimetry measurements of diameter and DI were significantly lower with each subsequent increase in GSS grade regardless of balloon fill volumes (P ≤ 0.001).

DISCUSSION:

Impedance planimetry measurements provide objective assessment in the diagnosis of GSS and correlate with luminal narrowing. A diameter ≥20 mm and a DI ≥15 mm2/mm Hg, as measured by impedance planimetry, are predictive of normal gastric sleeve anatomy. This study provides new benchmark values for the diagnosis and severity of GSS.
«Una aspiración que asusta»
Authors: Rodríguez Bustamante Lucia
Published: December 2023

Este trabajo se inscribe en la problemática de la exclusión de la participación de los niños de la política en general y de la gestión escolar en particular. Parte del desarrollo de la tesis doctoral que lo sustenta se centró en el análisis de dos experiencias educativas impulsadas a fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del siglo XX en las que se incorporaban a los niños en la gestión escolar.

En este artículo me adentraré en el análisis del debate que se llevó a cabo en la Cámara de Diputados de la Provincia de Mendoza en 1936 en el que se discutió por la pertinencia de la experiencia de autogobierno escolar dirigido por la maestra Florencia Fossatti y que tuvo como resultado su suspensión.

El análisis sobre los documentos de la época pone el foco en los supuestos sociales y políticos que estructuraron los argumentos presentados a favor y en contra de la experiencia en cuestión y se propone indagar en la pregunta sobre la relación entre la sanción que recibió Fossatti y la consolidación de la ausencia de gobiernos escolares en la escuela primaria argentina a lo largo de las décadas subsiguientes.
¿Quedarse?, ¿volver?, ¿conectarse? Movilidades/inmovilidades espaciales y experiencias de cursado en pandemia en la Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos
Authors: Schmuck María Emilia , Schaufler María Laura , Barroso Alonso Elisa Sofía
Published: December 2023

A partir de un estudio de casos sobre las experiencias de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos durante la pandemia del Covid-19, analizamos las transformaciones en las movilidades/inmovilidades espaciales físicas y virtuales de estudiantes en relación con sus experiencias de cursado. Para ello, realizamos entrevistas semi-estructuradas a estudiantes ingresantes y con distinto grado de avance de las Facultades de Ciencias de la Salud y Ciencias Económicas. Indagamos el modo en que en las movilidades/inmovilidades físicas, entre las que se destaca el retorno al hogar familiar de estudiantes que han nacido en otras localidades, inciden los desplazamientos cotidianos previos, la trayectoria educativa, el lugar de origen, las decisiones familiares, el género y el trabajo. A su vez, abordamos cómo las nuevas movilidades/inmovilidades virtuales, caracterizadas por la desigualdad en el acceso a Internet, dispositivos tecnológicos y espacio doméstico propio, se entrelazan con movilidades/inmovilidades físicas dentro del hogar durante la experiencia de cursado no presencial.