bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Paternity in Relation To Male Social Rank in the Stumptailed Macaque, Macaca Arctoides
Authors: Bauers K.A. , Hearn J.P.
Published: April 2008

The macaques have been a central focus of research designed to illuminate the interrelationship of behaviour and patterns of genetic transmission in non-human primates. Due to unique aspects of the socio-sexual behaviour and reproductive biology of stumptailed macaques (Macaca arctoides), we hypothesized a stronger relationship between male status and reproductive success than has been documented in other macaque species. The relationship between male social rank and success in siring offspring was examined for a sequence of 27 infants born over an 8-year period (1984-1992) in a large captive social group. Paternity of 25 of the 27 infants (all those still living at the time of testing) was confirmed with the use of "DNA profile tests" using mini-satellite, multi-locus probes in collaboration with Drs. CASNA and GERGITS of Therion Corp. Results showed that each of three consecutive alpha males was effective in achieving a virtual monopoly in siring offspring during his tenure, with one exception possibly related to inbreeding avoidance. Although patterns of sexual behaviour are not emphasized in this report, behavioural observations over the past six years support the findings of other researchers regarding the
Male Dominance and Reproductive Success in a Captive Group of Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta)
Authors: Smith David Glenn
Published: April 2008

Paternity exclusion analysis was employed to estimate the reproductive success (RS) of 32 males who experienced at least one breeding season over the age of four years between 1977 and 1991 in a captive group of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Although three different males held alpha rank during the period, the male dominance hierarchy remained relatively stable even when the number of males was high. Average dominance rank and overall RS of males while in the group were strongly correlated. However, during most years the correlation between male dominance rank and RS was not statistically significant because males who achieved high rank 1)were those who experienced relatively high RS as lower ranking subadults and 2) maintained high dominance rank after experiencing a sustained decline in RS. Correlations between male dominance rank and RS were highest when the number of subadult males entering the dominance hierarchy was increasing and one or a very few males were least effective in monopolizing females. These results are not consistent with expectations based solely on the priority of access model of intrasexual selection. Female choice, as exemplified by the preference of females for mating with young males that are rising in rank, might also influence the evolution of social dominance in rhesus macaques.
Interspecific Social Relationships in Three Murid Rodent Species of Central Argentina, After Fasting and Unlimited Food
Authors: Cueto Gerardo R. , Bilenca David N. , Kravetz Fernando O.
Published: April 2008

We studied the social interactions between Akodon azarae and Calomys laucha, and between A. azarae and Oligoryzomys flavescens, by means of experimental confrontations under laboratory conditions. Trials were carried out after two treatments: in the first one ('food' treatment), the animals were offered food ad libitum permanently, whereas in the other ('fast' treatment), the animals were previously submitted to fasting for 30 hours. The largest species- A. azarae - dominated the other two species, being dominant in 69.6% of the aggressive interactions in which a clear dominant/subordinate relationship was detected (N = 79). During the 'fast' treatment, A. azarae fed longer than C. laucha and O. flavescens, and it was the only species which significantly increased its feeding time with respect to 'food' treatment. There were higher frequencies of aggressive interactions in A. azarae - C. laucha trials than in A. azarae - O. flavescens trials. Comparisons of the behavioural variables between C. laucha and O. flavescens during their respective confrontations with A. azarae showed that C. laucha had significantly higher median values of freezing and walking behaviours, whereas O. flavescens showed a higher frequency of alertness. Species differences found in the laboratory support the interpretation that A. azarae is usually dominant over C. laucha and O. flavescens, and that A. azarae has the priority of access to food sources in situations of food shortage (winter) by means of its social dominance over the other two species. We suggest that the differences in the behavioural reactions of the subordinate species when meeting the dominant one may help to explain the different scales of spatial segregation that C. laucha and O. flavescens maintain with A. azarae in the field.
Lateral Plate Morph Genetics Revisited: Evidence for a Fourth Morph in Three-Spined Sticklebacks
Authors: Banbura Jerzy , Bakker Theo C.M.
Published: April 2008

1. The view that four (not three) lateral plate morphs exist in the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus is supported in this paper. The morphs are: trachura (= completely plated), semiarmata (= partially plated), leiura (= low plated), and leiura-with-keel (= low-plated-with-keel). 2. Two one-locus and four two-locus models of lateral plate morph inheritance are identified and reviewed. A new genetic model for a two-locus system comprising one major gene with three alleles and one dominance modifier gene with two alleles is advocated. 3. Predictions of different models are explicitly examined using the existent data. 4. Results of 10 new crosses that distinguished the form leiura-with-keel are presented. The segregation ratios obtained are best explained by the new model. 5. Adaptive value of plate morph differentiation is not clear. Different aspects of selection on the morphs are discussed.
Social Communication in the Madagascar Hissing Cockroach: Features of Male Courtship Hisses and a Comparison of Courtship and Agonistic Hisses
Authors: Clark Deborah C. , Moore Allen J.
Published: April 2008

Male Madagascar hissing cockroaches (Gromphadorhina portentosa) produce acoustic sounds or 'hisses' during courtship interactions with females. G. portentosa males also hiss during agonistic interactions with other males. In this study we documented intra- and inter- individual variation in male courtship hisses, addressed the possible role of hissing as an indicator of male rank, size or mating success, and determined if individual males produce different hisses during courtship and agonistic interactions. We found inter-individual variation in courtship hisses in dominant frequency and duration. Within males, these characteristics of the courtship hiss were repeatable within a day. Characteristics of courtship hisses and mating success were not related to male rank. However, courtship hisses may convey information about the size of the male: larger males had longer, lower frequency hisses than smaller males. There was a trend for males that mated to be larger than males that did not mate. However, characteristics of the' courtship hiss were not significantly related to mating success after controlling for differences in male weight. Finally, we found that the dominant frequency and duration of courtship and agonistic hisses of males did not differ suggesting that males are using similar signals during both courtship and agonistic interactions. We interpret these results in light of the possible functions of hissing, male-male competition, and female discrimination during courtship interactions.
Wanderers Between Harems and Bachelor Bands: Male Hanuman Langurs (Presbytis Entellus) At Jodhpur in Rajasthan
Authors: Rajpurohit Lal Singh , Sommer Volker , Mohnot S.M.
Published: April 2008

1. Life-histories of individually identified males of an Asian colobine monkey, the Hanuman langur, were followed in order to understand mechanisms and functions of social processes associated with the formation of male bands, especially the degree of cooperation and competition among males. 2. The monkeys belonged to a geographically isolated population which is subject of a field-study in Rajasthan, India, spanning more than 15 years. The population consists of 27-29 one-male / multi-female troops ('harems'; average 39 members, home ranges up to 1.3 km2) and 12-14 all-male bands (average 12 members, moving ranges up to 20 km2). Females are highly philopatric, whereas males transfer from bisexual troops into male bands. Harem holder residencies average 27 months (range 3 days to more than 74 months). No male achieved residency in more than one troop, suggesting that residency is associated with a distinct peak in a given male's resource holding potential. The proportion of infants sired by extra-troop males is minimal. The dispersal pattern of langur males seem to reflect a long-lasting effort to achieve reproduction. This goal is tied to the necessity to rise through the ranks of a male band to the top of its dominance hierarchy, because only the highest ranking males can replace current harem holders during male band invasions into the home range of bisexual troops. 3. The age-class composition of seven male bands with a mean membership of 3-25 individuals was studied in detail. The longitudinal fluctuation in membership was less pronounced than the differences between bands. This reflects ecological conditions in the moving range of a given band which determine a ceiling in the number of members. The bands contained 27% juveniles, 23% subadults, 13% young adults, 30% prime adults and 9% old males. At any given time, in each band lived at least one individual who was of at least young adult age. Immatures often followed elder males during daily travels, but not
Models of Affiliative Relationships Among Free-Ranging Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta)
Authors: Kapsalis Ellen , Berman Carol M.
Published: April 2008

Understanding the relative importance of various hypothesized organizing principles of affiliative relationships among female macaques has been problematic at least partly because researchers have lacked adequate statistical techniques for teasing apart the roles of maternal kinship and rank distance, and because criteria for kinship have varied across studies. We examined the extent to which maternal kinship and rank distance are independently associated with levels of affiliative interaction among free-ranging adult females rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico. We used a multiple regression extension of the Mantel test to evaluate three models, each using different criteria for kinship. In all three models, kinship emerged as a strong correlate of affiliative interaction. However, the degree to which rank distance correlated with affiliative interaction varied across models. Hence, the choice of criteria for kinship affected the apparent importance of rank distance in multi-generational groups. A model using graded rather than discrete criteria of kinship (i.e. degrees of relatedness instead of kin vs non-kin) but differentiating only close kin relationships (r 0.125) rather than all kin relationships (r 0.0005) accounted for the largest proportion of the total variance. These results support suggestions that adult female relationships are organized around several levels of kinship through maternal lines, and not simply by crude distinctions of kin vs non-kin. However, when kin are separated from common ancestors by more than a few links, females appear to behave towards related individuals much as they do toward non-kin.
Differences in Variability, Interactivity and Skills in Social Play of Young Chimpanzees Living in Peer Groups and in a Large Family Zoo Group
Authors: Spijkerman René P. , Dienske Herman , van HOOFF Jan A.R.A.M. , Jens Warner
Published: April 2008

This paper provides a detailed comparison of play characteristics of chimpanzees raised in peer-only groups and in a socially complex semi-natural zoo situation. We expected play in peer groups to be of a lesser quality, that is less variable, interactive and skillful. To test this we quantified details such as the diversity of social play types, the bout length, the way social play is started, maintained and stopped and the use of play signals. The differences in play-type frequencies between the groups are most likely caused by differences in housing conditions and demographics; the smaller sex difference in peer group adolescents is most likely due to a limited partner choice. We found no indication that chimpanzees raised in peer groups played less diversely than those in the zoo. The social play characteristics of peer group and zoo chimpanzees are similar, except for the frequency of gnaws before wrestle and the frequency of play-faces within wrestle. Overall, there are no results from which we can conclude directly that chimpanzees isolated from their mother at an early stage and placed in a peer group are less capable in social play, although possibly it is more clear to the zoo individuals that a next interaction will be 'play'; zoo individuals may need less regular removal of ambiguity about the intention of the behaviour. The few differences between peer group and zoo in their social play characteristics that can be related to peer group rearing conditions indicate that the social development in those chimpanzees raised in peer groups is similar to that of chimpanzees in the semi-natural zoo. This is not to say that providing more natural conditions than is usually done in laboratories is unnecessary. These may still add considerably to the animals' well-being and in terms of animal welfare, it can be concluded that a variety of partners in the housing condition is beneficial to speed of sex-role development in young chimpanzees.
Female Attraction To Male Song in House Wrens (Troglodytes Aedon)
Authors: Johnson L. Scott , Searcy William A.
Published: April 2008

This study tested the hypothesis that the song of male birds can function to attract mates. At 11 different locations on our Wyoming study area, we broadcast the song of male house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) from a loudspeaker mounted next to an empty nest box in an unoccupied wren territory. The number of female wrens attracted to the 'speaker box' was compared to the number visiting a silent, control box on another, unoccupied territory nearby. Females visited speaker boxes at a significantly higher rate than they visited control boxes. Ten females visited speaker boxes in six different trials during periods when no male was associated with either the speaker or control box (total time = 45.5 h; visit rate = 0.22/h). In contrast, only one female visited a control box during these same periods (= 0.02 visits/h), and she did so after first visiting the speaker box. Two females visited the speaker box simultaneously in some trials and chasing or fighting always ensued. Many females showed signs of settling permanently at speaker boxes, remaining at speaker boxes from their arrival to the end of the trial (> 5 h in two cases), and most began constructing nests in boxes, despite the absence of a male. In summary, this study provides strong experimental evidence that the song of male house wrens can function to attract mates for breeding.
Gestural Communication and Its Cognitive Implications in Pigtail Macaques (Macaca Nemestrina)
Authors: Maestripieri Dario
Published: April 2008

The aims of this study were to identify the context of occurrence of some of the most prominent gestural signals in pigtail macaques and discuss the cognitive implications of some communicative interactions observed in this species. The occurrence of 15 selected visual and tactile behavior patterns in a multi-male multi-female captive group of pigtail macaques was recorded with the behavior sampling method in 100 h of observation. Bared-teeth, presentation, and lip-smack were primarily submissive signals displayed by both males and females, whereas nonthrusting mounts appeared to reflect dominance. Ventro-ventral embracing and eyebrow displays were used as affiliative and bonding patterns between females and between males, respectively. The pucker was the most frequent signal observed in the group. Although the pucker occurred in several different contexts, in most cases this signal served a distance-reducing or summoning function. Gestural signals appeared to be used by pigtail macaques to communicate emotional states and intentions to other individuals as well as to request the participation of other individuals in specific social interactions.
The Development of Larval Behaviours in Sympatric Chilean Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster and Drosophila Simulans
Authors: Godoy-Herrera Raúl , Bustamante Marisol , Campos Patricia , Cancino José Luis
Published: April 2008

The patterns of movement and foraging were investigated in larvae of the Chilean sympatric species D. melanogaster and D. simulans. Frequencies of 'rover', 'sitter' and 'digger' larvae, as well as locomotion and the angle size of turning were recorded in nutritive and non-nutritive environments. In these environments the sibling species differ in frequencies of 'rover', 'sitter' and 'digger' larval phenotypes. There are also differences in these frequencies between the populations of each species and across larval age. As development proceeds, the larvae of D. melanogaster and D. simulans become more diverse in their behaviours. Depending on larval age, strain and species, larval locomotion may be: i) similar in the presence and in the absence of food (D. simulans), ii) lower in yeast suspension than on agar (D. melanogaster), iii) higher in the presence of food than on agar (D. simulans). The angle size of larval turning also shows variability which depends on larval age, strain and species. Statistical significance of the correlation between locomotion and turning, and the regression of turning on locomotion in larvae of D. melanogaster and D. simulans depends on larval age, strain, species and the environment in which the larvae grow.
The Interaction Between Pre-Laying Behaviour and Feeding in Hens: Implications for Motivation
Authors: Freire Rafael , Appleby Michael C. , Hughes Barry O.
Published: April 2008

While considerable research has been undertaken on the hormonal basis of pre-laying behaviour of domestic hens (Gallus gallus domesticus), less is known about how the behaviour is initiated and about how changes in this behaviour occur. Two experiments were conducted to investigate aspects of the interaction of pre-laying behaviour with feeding motivation. Experiment 1 examined the effect of the absence of food. Pre-laying behaviour was observed in 20 laying hens either with or without food available. The duration of pre-laying behaviour was longer when deprived of food for short or long periods of time than for hens with access to food. The time of oviposition, however, appeared unchanged suggesting that motivation for pre-laying behaviour is initially increasing and that it competes with feeding behaviour for expression when food is available. Experiment 2 examined the effect of food in the absence of deprivation. The food of 17 hens was topped up at various intervals before oviposition. Contrary to expectation the delay in oviposition was greater (24 minutes) if food was presented closer to the expected oviposition (2 minutes) than if it was earlier (12 minutes before oviposition, which caused a delay of 12 minutes). When interrupted close to oviposition, most birds repeated part of the searching phase of pre-laying behaviour (7 minutes of searching as opposed to 3 minutes). It is concluded that a hypothesis based on competition between motivational systems offers a good predictor for the start of pre-laying behaviour, but not for the duration of interruption later in the pre-laying behaviour sequence.
Scent Identifications By Dogs (Canis Familiaris): a New Experimental Design
Authors: Schoon G.A.A.
Published: April 2008

Traditionally, match-to-sample designs are used for forensic scent identifications: the scent of a perpetrator on a corpus delicti is matched to the scent of a suspect. In a number of cases, e.g. when the suspect is innocent, no match is possible, which leads to specific difficulties. In a new design an odd-even paradigm was followed, and care was taken to meet forensic prerequisites in the experimental setup. Four dogs were trained to compare a human scent (odour 1) on stainless steel tubes, training objects, or typical forensic objects to a human scent on a stainless steel tube (odour 2). Comparisons could be either 'odd' (1 ≠ 2) or 'even' (1 = 2). If the dogs performed poorly in the beginning of an experimental series, they were disqualified from making forensically interesting comparisons. Realistic experiments demonstrated the ability of dogs to compare scents following this protocol, but also showed that the results were influenced by the type of odour 1 and by the type of comparison. The performance of the dogs is compared to the performance of operational dogs in a match-to-sample design: the level of matching 'even' scents is comparable, but the level of non-matching in 'odd' comparisons is substantially higher in the new design. Scent identifications following an odd-even paradigm seem to be more reliable than the customary design. Introducing this new design would however require significant changes in attitude and working conditions of the police.
Vocal Development and Its Differentiation in a Non-Songbird: the Collared Dove (Streptopelia Decaocto)
Authors: Ballintijn Mechteld R. , Ten Cate Carel
Published: April 2008

Coo development and its differentiation was studied between the second and eighteenth month of life in captive collared dove males (N = 9) and females (N = 6). During this period eight vocal characteristics were analyzed to determine the nature of age-related changes in the spectrotemporal structure of the perch-coo. At the onset males and females produced coos with the same structure, with exception of the fundamental frequency. In males, age-related changes in fundamental frequency, stereotypy, and coo length were limited. Early stabilization of these parameters may be related to maturation of the syrinx. Vocal activity, bout length, modulation percentage and sound percentage increased, which might be caused by an age-dependent increase in testosterone. The number of harmonics decreased, which might be related to some kind of 'motor practice'. Similar to song development in songbirds, perch-coos of male doves develop gradually into more conspicuous vocalizations, showing some plasticity in form development. In contrast, in female doves none of the vocal parameters changed with age. As a result, the structure of adult female coos continued to resemble that of juveniles, as has also been shown for female song in songbirds. For several vocal parameters the developmental trajectories of male and female coos began to diverge at the age of about one year. Two to three months later the sex differences became significant. Two vocal parameters showed an age-related change in inter-individual variation: vocal activity and modulation percentage of males. These findings support the hypothesis that frequency modulations may play an important role in intra-specific communication, conveying messages about a senders sex and age.
Vocal-Postural Co-Ordination of a Sexually Dimorphic Display in a Monomorphic Species: the Barbary Dove
Authors: Fusani L. , Hutchison R.E. , Hutchison J.B.
Published: April 2008

In the Barbary dove (Streptopelia risoria L.), communication involves visual and vocal signals. In this species, behavioural interaction between sexual partners leads to changes in the reproductive hormonal condition of both sexes. At the beginning of courtship, male doves perform the bowing display. This display is composed of a stereotyped movement pattern (bowing) combined with an acoustic pattern (bow-call). In this paper, we studied the individual temporal patterning of bowing and the bow-call and how they are integrated in the display. The co-ordination between bowing movements and bow-call was analysed using a digital system for the synchronous analysis of acoustic-visual signals. Bow-calls differ between individuals in both temporal and frequency characteristics, and in their repetition rate. The bowing movements do not differ between individuals in their temporal structure but the repetition rate is individually different. The repetition rates of the vocal and postural motor patterns are highly correlated. However, the two signals are not synchronised and the phase delay between them is individually different. We suggest that in the bowing display the gender and the identity are signalled respectively by the bowing pattern and the bow-call. The integration of the two signals generates a third signal, the integrated bowing display rate. The role of the three signals during male-male encounters and during courtship behaviour is discussed.
Parasitism of Galatheid Crustaceans From the Norfolk Canyon and Middle Atlantic Bight By Bopyrid Isopods 1, 2)
Authors: Wenner Elizabeth Lewis , Windsor Nancy T.
Published: April 2008

Among twelve species of galatheid and one species of chirostylid Crustacea collected in the vicinity of Norfolk Canyon off eastern U.S.A., four galatheids, Munida iris iris, M. longipes, M. microphthalma and Munidopsis rostrata were found to be infested with bopyrid isopod parasites Munida iris iris was the most heavily parasitized host species with incidence of infestation by Anuropodione carolinensis ranging from 2.0-5.0%. Male M. iris iris were significantly more numerous than females and also had a greater incidence of infestation by bopyrids than females. The size of female A. carolinensis was found to be related to size of the host, which suggests simultaneous molts for both species. Male A. carolinensis were found to have pleons which were either fused, completely segmented, partly segmented or with slight lateral undulations. Significant size differences between males with fused, undulate, and segmented pleons may indicate impending feminization of males with segmented pleons. Single occurrences of bopyrids were observed on the other host species. Munida microphthalina was infested with Bonnieria americana. Munidion longipedis was found on Munida longipes and an undescribed bopyrid was found on Munidopsis rostrata.
Caridina Babaulti Basrensis Subsp. Nov., From the Shatt Al-Arab Region, Iraq (Decapoda, Caridea, Atyidae)
Authors: Al-Adhub A.H.Y. , Hamzah H.A.
Published: April 2008

Description de l'Atyide Caridina babaulti basrensis ssp. nov., provenant de la région de Shatt al-Arab, Iraq.
Larval Development of Caridina Babaulti Basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah (Decapoda, Caridea, Atyidae) Reared in the Laboratory
Authors: Salman Salman D.
Published: April 2008

Les larves de Caridina babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah provenant d'une femelle ovigère ont été élevées en laboratoire. Elles ont effectué sept mues avant que l'expérience ne s'achève. Le mode de développement de cette espèce a été comparé avec des descriptions disponibles de larves d'espèces du même genre ou de certains autres genres.
A Copepod of the Genus Rhodinicola Levinsen, 1878 (Poecilostomatoida, Clausiidae) Parasitic On Clymenura Clypeata (Saint-Joseph, 1894) (Polychaeta, Maldanidae) From the Alfaques Inlet (Ebro River Delta, Spain, Western Mediterranean)
Authors: Capaccioni Romana , Gras David , Carbonell Enrique
Published: April 2008

This is the first report on copepodites parasitizing the maldanid polychaete Clymenura clypeata (De Saint-Joseph, 1894). Analysis of four specimens has permitted their assignation to the genus Rhodinicola Levinsen, 1878. However, specific identification of these parasites is hindered by incomplete development of the swimming legs. A discussion is provided of differences and similarities between our specimens and other species in the genus Rhodinicola.
New Records of the Deep Sea Crab Chaceojvmediterraneus Manning & Holthuis, 1989, in the Western Mediterranean (Decapoda, Brachyura, Geryonidae)
Authors: Cartes J.E.
Published: April 2008

Two ovigerous females of the brachyuran crab Chaceon mediterraneus Manning & Holthuis, 1989, were captured at two different bottom trawl stations on the lower slope in the Catalan Sea. This is the third record of this species from the Mediterranean Sea, where it seems to be endemic, and the first record from Iberian waters. Chaceon mediterraneus was cited previously only at two locations in the Western Basin. Both specimens presented certain abnormalities in the anterolateral spines of the carapace.
The Morphology of the First Zoea Stage of Lomis Hirta (Lamarck, 1818) (Decapoda, Lomisidae)
Authors: Cormie Anders K.
Published: April 2008

The first zoeal stage of Lomis hirta (Lamarck) is described. The presence of well developed uniramous and segmented pereiopods and rudimentary plcopods indicate that the species has an "abbreviated type" of larval development.
Preliminary Survey On the Distribution of the Freshwater Crayfish Austropotamobius Pallipes in Liguria, N.W. Italy
Authors: Salvidio S. , Cresta P. , Doria G.
Published: April 2008

A survey on the distribution of the freshwater crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Liguria has been undertaken and the results are reported on a 5 km UTM grid. In Liguria, crayfish populations are abundant in several river basins and in different climatic areas. The status and the main hazards of crayfish stocks in the region are discussed.
Biologie Du Mysidacé Suprabenthique Schistomysis Parkeri Norman, 1892 Dans La Zone Sud Du Golfe De Gascogne (Plage D'Hendaye)
Authors: San Vicente Carlos , Claude Sorbe Jean
Published: April 2008

The suprabenthic mysid Schistomysis parkeri was monthly sampled in 1991-92 in the swash zone of Hendaye beach (southeastern part of the Bay of Biscay) to determine its life history pattern and secondary production. This motile species is one of the main components of the suprabenthic assemblage inhabiting this exposed beach. Characterized by a patchy distribution and a narrow bathymetric zonation parallel to the shore line, its mean density fluctuated between 6 and 443 individuals per 5 m-2 during the sampling period; nevertheless, the population migrates to deeper grounds of the bay when bad weather occurs. It breeds throughout the year with a maximal recruitment in July and produces three successive generations. The potential longevity of individuals is less than one year and differs between generations. Using the size frequency method, its annual production was estimated to 263 mg 5 m-2 with a corresponding P/B ratio of 9.7; calculated by a multiple regression model, the production estimate was 35% higher but the P/B ratio was in the same order of magnitude.
On the Porcellanid Genera Raphidopus Stimpson, 1858, and Pseudoporcellanella Sankarankutty, 1961, With Description of a New Mangrove Species, Raphidopus Johnsoni From Singapore (Decapoda, Anomura)
Authors: Ng Peter K.L. , Nakasone Yukio
Published: April 2008

The porcellanid species Raphidopus ciliatus Stimpson, 1858, and Raphidopus indicus Henderson, 1893, are reported from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia respectively for the first time. This is the first record of the genus Raphidopus Stimpson, 1858, from Southeast Asia. A third species of Raphidopus, R. johnsoni sp. nov., is also described from Singapore mangroves. Pseudoporcellanella manoliensis Sankarankutty, 1961, a rare and unusual taxon, is also recorded from Peninsular Malaysia, the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand for the first time. Detailed redescriptions and extensive figures are provided for all four species, and their taxonomy and ecology discussed.
Description of Two New Species of the Genus Synidotea Harger, 1878 (Isopoda, Idoteidae) and Its Occurrence in the Northern Arabian Sea
Authors: Javed Waquar , Yasmeen Rehana
Published: April 2008

Two new species of idoteid isopods, Syraidolea fecunda and S. indica, from the Pakistan coast, are described, figured and compared to closely related species. The genus Synidotea is now reported for the first time from Pakistan. Both new species were collected in the rocky intertidal of Manora Island, Karachi.
Two New Species of Afrolernaea (Copepoda, Lernaeidae) From the Kwando River, Namibia
Authors: Oldewage W.H.
Published: April 2008

The genus Afrolernaea was originally described by Fryer (1956). Since then, the type species, Afrolernaea longicollis, has been supplemented by three more species, i.e. A. nigeriensis, A. brevicollis and A. mormyroides. This unobstrusive genus always occurs in low numbers and has, up to now, only been found on mormyrid fishes. Two new species, A. edi sp.n. on Mormyrops deliciosus, Petrocephalus catostoma and Marcucenius macrolepidotus, and A. annemari sp.n. from the first non-morymrid host, Clarias gariepinus, are described from the Kwando River, a tributary of the Zambezi River, Caprivi, Namibia.
Parasitic Copepods From Isurus Oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810, From the Central Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Rokicki Jerzy , Morozinska Jolanta
Published: April 2008

Six species of parasitic copepods were collected from 63 specimens of Isurus oxyrinchus, taken in the Central Atlantic. The occurrence of Pandarus floridanus on this shark constitutes a new host record. Pandarus floridanus was found in the mouth and on the gills of its host. Previous records are apparently from the surface of the body.
Redescription of Alebion Carchariae Kroyer, 1863 (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida) From Isurus Oxyrhinchus in South Africa
Authors: Oldewage W.H.
Published: April 2008

Two species of the genus Alebion have been recorded from sharks off the coast of southern Africa. The specimens were not fully described. The present work describes Alebion carchariae taken from Isurus oxyrhinchus taken near Cape Recife, South Africa. The new specimens bears some resemblance to the original description of Alebion carchariae and Alebion crassus, but differs from them significantly in especially the morphology of the genital segment.
Size At Sexual Maturity in Red Shrimp Females, Aristaeomorpha Foliacea, From the Sicilian Channel (Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Ragonese Sergio , Bianchini Marco L.
Published: April 2008

This paper reports on the maturity pattern and the estimation of length at sexual maturity for Aristaeomorpha foliacea females, based on two years of seasonal research trawl surveys. Two approaches were used: gonadic condition (empirical scale) and presence/absence of spermatophores. Ready-to-spawn females (IV stage) occurred almost exclusively in summer throughout the area surveyed. Distribution of the proportion of "mature" (III + IV stages) females showed the classic "sigmoid" shape but with a general failure to attain 100% maturity, even though in the largest size classes there is substantial inter-year variability. The presence of spermatophorcs, however, being a sign of adulthood, with almost all the medium/large specimens positive, showed a better approximation to the sigmoid curve. An attempt to combine the two curves, in order to more precisely identify the length at maturity, is illustrated and discussed. The logistic model has been chosen in a form that allows the asymptote to be < 1. The maximum reproductive potential is defined as the point of intersection of the two curves (spermatophores and maturity). This maximum is reached after about 18 months, at a carapace length of 40 mm.
Identity of the Distal Segments of the Maxilla 2 and Maxilliped in Copepods: New Teeth for Carl Claus' Old Saw
Authors: Ferrari Frank D.
Published: April 2008

Interpretations by Claus and Gicsbrecht of the identity of the distal segments of the maxilla 2 and maxilliped in copepods are reviewed. The developmental pattern of setal additions to these appendages suggests that the distal segments of maxilla 2 are exopodal, while those of the maxilliped are endopodal; these data are consistent with the interpretation of Claus. Information about the genetic regulation of development of a fruitfly, and a reinterpretation of a fossil arthropod also support Claus. A general hypothesis identifies a compartment with a contralateral pair of uniramal limbs as the basic division of the body of an ancestral arthropod. Somites, crustacean biramal appendages, and insect uniramal appendages arc derived. The general hypothesis is used to explain the structure of a copepod including maxilla 2 and maxilliped.
On a Collection of Decapod Larvae From the Gulf of Aqaba Off the Jordanian Coast, I. Thalassinidea and Anomura
Authors: Seridji Rabia
Published: April 2008

Descriptions of some decapod crustacean larvae of a plankton collection from the Gulf of Aqaba deal with Thalassinidea (Laomediidae, Upogebiidae, and Callianassidae) and Anomura (Galatheidae and Diogenidae). Discussion on generic larval characters is made particularly in Callianassidae and Diogenidae. Comparison of Laomediidae and Galatheidae larvae is summarized in tables I and II. The different arrangement of spines on some abdominal somites in Upogebiidae larvae is not a generic character but can be used, viz., in the form of distinctive larval species features. Because of confusion among the adult callianassid genera and the lack of knowledge in larval development, a definite generic identification is not possible. A key to the identification of Coenobitoidea larvae is provided. Larvae of the Coenobitidae and Calcinus are distinguished.
The Ultrastructure of the Newly Hatched Argulus Japonicus Thiele, 1900 Larvae (Branchiura)
Authors: Lutsch Edie , Avenant-Oldewage Annemariè
Published: April 2008

Fcrtilized Argulus japonicus Thiele, 1900, eggs were hatched in the laboratory. The morphology of the first developmental stage was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The surface topography of the carapace and appendages are described. It is shown that the mandible base is fused with the labrum and metastome to form the proboscis.
Phyllosoma Larvae of Scyzlarus Species (Decapoda, Scyllaridae) From the Shelf Waters of Australia
Authors: Mcwilliam Paulette S. , Phillips Bruce F. , Kelly Sean
Published: April 2008

Zooplankton samples from tropical (the Gulf of Carpentaria and the Northwest Shelf of Western Australia) and temperate (east coast of Tasmania) regions of Australia contained phyllosoma larvae of 14 species of Scyllarus. All but two species were represented at the final, gilled state the exceptions showed intermediary development between subfinal and final stages. Two species were represented as complete larval series, the remainder as incomplete series. The final, or most-developed, stage of the 14 unidentified species, referred to as Scyllarus species A-N in this paper, are described and compared with the literature. Larvae of five species appear to be new larval records for the Indo-West Pacific. Larvae of another three species correspond with those attributed previously to S. rugosus H. Milne Edwards, 1837, S. sordidus (Stimpson, 1860) and S. demani Holthuis, 1946. These, and some other larval identifications or affinities tendered in the literature are examined.
A New Species of Dendrocephalus (Anostraca, Thamnocephalidae) From Argentina
Authors: Pereira S Guido A. , Ruiz B Luis
Published: April 2008

A description of a new species of Anostraca, Dendrocephalus conosuris n. sp., is presented. It occurs in the Province of Santa Fé, Argentina. The description is based on the morphological characters of the male, especially those of the frontal appendage and of the endopods of the first two pairs of legs. The female is described as well. A comparison of the penis of all ten known species is made to conclude, that there are species-specific features on it.
Neurodepressing Hormone (Ndh): Fact or Fiction?
Authors: Huberman Alberto
Published: April 2008

Extracts of the crustacean eyestalk, and particularly of the sinus gland, produce an inhibition of the spontaneous firing rate of motor and sensitive neurons in two different bioassays. This activity can be ascribed to a molecule of low molecular weight, neutral, non-peptidic, soluble in water and methanol, thermostable, different from GABA but suppressed by picrotoxin. Its nature remains to be elucidated.
Anemone-Carrying Behaviour in a Deep-Water Homolid Crab (Brachyura, Podotremata)
Authors: Doumenc Dominique , Chintiroglou Charis Charles , Guinot Danièle
Published: April 2008

A new symbiotic association between a deep-water homolid crab, Hypsophrys inflata Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1981 (Brachyura, Podotremata, Homolidae) and a sea anemone of the genus Isanthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Isanthidae) is described from French Polynesia. The crab carries the anemone on its modified last pairs of legs. It is suggested that this represents a mutualistic association.
Une Nouvelle Espèce De Parastenocaris (Copépodes, Harpacticoïdes) Du Sud-Ouest De La France
Authors: Rouch R.
Published: April 2008

Description of a new species of Parastenocarididae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from the groundwater of the south-west of France.
Chromosomes of the Parasitic Isopod Anilocra Physodes
Authors: Colomba Maria Stella , Vitturi Roberto , Pellerito Lorenzo , Catalano Eliodoro
Published: April 2008

Counts of mitotic chromosomes have allowed to determine 2n = 12 as the modal diploid number of Anilocra physodes. Application of the C-banding technique reveals that two hetero-chromatic blocks bordering the centromeric region occur in each chromosome. This supports the notion that the actual low chromosome number of A. physodes may have been derived through a process of Robertsonian fusion.
A New Species of Archaeomysis From Coastal Waters of Japan (Mysidacea, Gastrosaccinae)
Authors: Hanamura Yukio , Jo Soo-Gun , Murano Masaaki
Published: April 2008

A large number of Japanese specimens previously identified as Archaeomysis grebnitzkii were examined and compared with specimens from the Bering Sea and Pacific coast of North America. This study demonstrates that the Japanese population of Archaeomysis grebnitzkii sensu Ii (1964) differs consistently from those of the latter locations, particularly in the shape of the telson and the male 3rd pleopod, so as to constitute a new species, described here as A. japonica n. sp. A short note is included at the end of this paper reporting some observations on the biology of the species noted during this study.
A Detailed Redescription of the Pseudochirella Obesa Female (Copepoda, Calanoida). I. General Part; Trunk and Antennules
Authors: Von Vaupel Klein J.C. , Rijerkerk C.D.M.
Published: April 2008

The present series documents the detailed morphology of the female of Pseudochirella obesa, type-species of the genus Pseudochirella, for purposes of comparison of the various genera contained in the subfamily Euchirellinae, family Aetideidae. In this Part I, general information is presented while the trunk and the antennules are specifically dealt with. The integumental perforation pattern of the species will be reported upon separately.
The Family Geryonidae (Decapoda, Brachyura) in the Canary Islands
Authors: Gonzalez J.A. , Santana J.I. , Fernandez-Vergaz V.
Published: April 2008

An account of the species of the family Geryonidae recorded from the Canary Islands is given. Chaceon maritae and Geryon trispinosus are recorded for the first time from the Canaries. Whenever available, data on distribution, habitat, biometry, length/width and length/weight relationships, reproduction, other bioecological information, and fisheries of Chaceon affinis, an unexploited common species, are given.
Two New Species of Copepoda Parasitic On Polynoid Polychaetes
Authors: Stock Jan H.
Published: April 2008

Description of two copepod species, Selioides capensis n. sp. (Nereicolidae), parasitic on Subadyte pellucida from Table Bay (South Africa), and Eurysilenium fungosum n. sp. (Herpyllobiidae), parasitic on Hemilipidia versluysi from the Kai Islands (Indonesia). Both hosts belong to the Polynoidae (Polychaeta).
Total Haemocyte Counts and Haematopoiesis in Saduria Entomon (Linnaeus, 1758) (Isopoda, Valvifera) From the Baltic Sea Infected With the Yeast Cryptococcus La Urentii (Kufferath) Skinner*)
Authors: Babula A. , Hryniewiecka-Szyfter Z.
Published: April 2008

Studies were made of the haemolymph and haematopoiesis of 22 specimens of Saduria entomon, naturally infected with the yeast Cryptococcus laurentii. In 18 of these haemocytes were also counted. Their total haemocyte count was 693, which is 3 times the figure in healthy S. entomon. Their haemolymph contained granulocytes, hyaline cells, and C. laurentii cells. Granulocytes contained phagocytosed C. laurentii cells, while hyaline cells did not contain phagocytosed yeast. Haematopoiesis was clearly taking place in the gut wall of the S. entomon specimens under study. In the 4 remaining individuals the haemolymph was filled with C. laurentii cells among which only single hyaline cells with phagocytosed yeast cells were observed. In their gut wall only yeast cells accumulated. The results obtained support our earlier findings that in S. entomon granulocytes are the primary phagocytotic haemocytes, and that hyaline cells can be taken to be prohaemocytes capable of proliferation under specific conditions.
Size At Maturity and Sex Ratio of Arcitalitrus Dorrieni (Hunt, 1925) (Amphipoda, Talitridae) At Two Sites in County Galway, Ireland
Authors: Bolger Thomas , O'Hanlon Rory P.
Published: April 2008

Anthropogenic dispersal has led to the introduction of several terrestrial amphipod species to the northern hemisphere. One such species, Arcitalitrus dorrieni (Hunt, 1925), a native of Australasia, is now found in several woodland sites in Ireland and Britain. Aspects of the biology of A. dorrieni were investigated in County Galway over a period of two years and compared between a "typical" mixed deciduous woodland habitat and a more "atypical" coniferous woodland habitat. At both sites, statistically significant differences were found between summer (Aug.-Sep.) size at maturity and winter (Jan.-Apr.) size at maturity, i.e., females were mature at smaller sizes in summer than in winter. Between-site comparisons of August-September data for both years showed that females were mature at a significantly smaller size at the mixed deciduous woodland site. A sex ratio biased in favour of females was recorded on all but one sampling date at each site, though on some dates this bias was not significant. The change in cohort sex ratio at both sites was quite distinct and exhibited the same general pattern. During the recruitment of each cohort, the ratio was biased towards males. As the cohort increased in length, however, the ratio changed to a bias in favour of females, so that by the time a particular cohort entered its breeding period the following year, it was biased firmly in favour of females. Possible reasons for the observed patterns are discussed.
Agonistic Interactions in Male Form Ii Cambarus Robustus Girard, 1852 Crayfish (Decapoda, Cambaridae) and a Comparison Between Male Form i aNd Form Ii Intra-Form Contests
Authors: Dunham David W. , Cornel Guiasu Radu
Published: April 2008

An analysis of intra-form agonistic contests between size-matched male Form II (non-breeding form) Cambarus robustus Girard, 1852 crayfish revealed that the winners and losers of these contests differed in the numbers and types of initiation behaviours used. The (eventual) winners, which initiated significantly more fights overall, used mostly the aggressive Claws Raised and Lunge initiation behaviours, whereas the (eventual) losers, which also initiated most of the very first fights of the overall agonistic contests, used mostly the tentative Ambivalent Contact behaviour. Thus, initiation behaviours can be used as good predictors of status for males of this species. The Lunge behaviour is a strong indicator of the eventual dominant status of male crayfish, during agonistic contests. There was a significant, negative correlation between the relative frequency of the Lunge initiation behaviours used by the winners and the total time spent fighting. A comparison between the male Form II and Form I (breeding form) intra-form contests, in this species, and an analysis of the differences and similarities between these two types of contests, indicated that male form is an important variable in the agonistic interactions of cambarid crayfish.