bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graphene oxide/MIL 101(Cr) (GO/MOF) nano-composite for adsorptive removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 D) from aqueous media: synthesis, characterization, kinetic and isotherm studies
Authors: Khaloo Shokooh Sadat , Bagheri Amin , Gholamnia Reza , Saeedi Reza
Published: September 2022

Contamination of water resources with various pollutants and therefore lack of clean water resources are major problems that threaten many human societies. The need to develop efficient methods and materials to decontaminate water resource is an undeniable fact. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as new class of highly crystalline porous solids, have attracted a great deal of attention in different research fields, especially in adsorptive removal and purification. In this study, MIL 101(Cr) MOF decorated with graphene oxide nano-layers (GO/MOF) was synthesized by a simple one-pot hydrothermal method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electron dispersion energy (EDS) were utilized to approve the growing of Cr-MOF on graphene oxide nano-layer. The synthesized nano-composite was used as a potential adsorbent for the removal of a pesticide, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 D). The adsorption performance, kinetic and mechanism of 2,4 D adsorption onto GO/MOF were studied. The highest adsorption capacities of 476.9 mg g−1 was obtained at room temperature, pH 6.0 using 0.6 gL−1 of GO/MOF which was 34% higher than that of pristine Cr-MOF. The kinetics and isotherm data fitted well with pseudo-second kinetic and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. The reusability and stability analyses showed that the synthesized GO/MOF nanocomposite kept 89% of sorption capacities for 2,4 D after four adsorption–desorption cycles. GO/MOF nano-composite was successfully applied to remove 2,4 D from agricultural waste. The results approved that the synthesized nano-composite could introduce as a stable and high performance adsorbent for adsorptive removal of selected pesticide.
Fenton process for the treatment of wastewater effluent from the edible oil industry
Authors: Ayoub Mohamed
Published: September 2022

The present study intends to investigate the performance of the Fenton reaction as one of the most efficient (AOPs) in a batch mode for treating wastewater effluent from the edible oil industry, as well as the parameters that influence the reaction, such as pH, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O) doses at various reaction times. The response surface methodology (RSM) was applied with a central composite design (CCD) for optimizing the responses of pollutant removals. The obtained results indicated that the authenticated response to the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was 93.52%, at optimum values of pH, FeSO4.7H2O dose, H2O2 dose, and reaction time of 3, 1 g/L, 8.38 g/L, and 50 min, respectively. Furthermore, the authenticated response to oil and grease (O&G) removal was 99.8%, at optimum values of pH, FeSO4.7H2O dose, H2O2 dose, and reaction time of 3, 0.71 g/L, 8.7 g/L, and 37.4 min, respectively. Under these conditions, the residual COD and O&G after Fenton oxidation become 155.4 mg/L and 10 mg/L, respectively.
Degradation of tetracycline wastewater by suspended biochar as carriers in moving bed biofilm reactor
Authors: Liu Shaoqin , Chen Hanyu , Zhang Xueqi , Zhang Baozhong , Zhu Huina , Chen Hongxia , Wen Bo , Chen Lefei
Published: September 2022

To improve the removal efficiency of antibiotics in moving bed biofilm reactor, suspended biochar block was prepared by the one-pot process and was used as carriers to construct a reaction device to study the treatment effect of antibiotic wastewater. The characteristics of the hanging biofilm in wastewater were investigated. And the mechanism of biochar as a biological carrier has been studied. The results showed that in the 45-day experiment, the maximum number of biofilms for suspended biochar carriers was twice 3.4 times that of the high-density polyethylene carriers. When 10 mg/L tetracycline was added to the reactor, the removal efficiency of the tetracycline removal rate was 71.85% and the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and NH4+-N removal efficiency reached to 89.95, 61.91 and 85.47% respectively. Suspension biochar carriers can reduce fluctuations in redox potentials, thereby improving the cellular efficiency of microorganisms. Meanwhile, it inhibits the production of soluble microbial products and extracellular polymers, reduces toxic effects, and enhances the adhesion between microorganisms and carriers. The microbial communities of the two carriers were investigated by high-throughput sequencing techniques. Suspended biochar significantly increased the relative abundance of Hydrogenophaga and Comamonas, and improved the ability of nitrification and denitrification. Comamonas could be responsible for tetracycline degradation.

HIGHLIGHTS

Suspended biochar block was prepared by a one-pot process using peanut shells, floating beads and waste electrode graphite as raw materials. The removal efficiency of the tetracycline and the biological characteristics of biofilms were investigated. The adsorption and aggregation of microorganism action were investigated using the biochar as carriers in a moving bed biofilm reactor tank.
High concentration of nitrogen recovery from anaerobic digested slurry (ADS) using biochars: adsorption and improvement
Authors: Ye Qingqing , Li Qianhui , Li Xin
Published: September 2022

Biochar produced from biomass has been increasingly used as an environmentally friendly and low-cost adsorbent. This study systemically evaluated the effects of raw materials including corn straw (CS), cattle manure (CM), and cherry woods (CW) as well as pyrolysis temperature (400, 500, and 600 °C) on the physicochemical properties, such as morphological structure, element content, and surface functionality of biochars. The batch experiments of -N adsorption using anaerobic digested slurry (ADS) confirmed that CM600 (biochar derived from CM at 600 °C) had the highest adsorption capacity of 18.16 mg·g−1. The effects of coexisting ions in ADS, biochar dosage, adsorption time and initial concentration on –N adsorption from ADS by the biochars were evaluated. The results of the batch equilibrium and kinetics experiments showed that Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model well described -N adsorption by the biochars, indicating that physical and chemical adsorption occurred simultaneously. Furthermore, compared to the biochar-modified method, the raw material-modified biochar (CM600-modified biochar) showed excellent adsorption capacity with a maximum of 69.82 mg·g−1 (284% increase) for the high -N concentration (4,000 mg·L−1) from ADS. Therefore, it was concluded that high-concentration nitrogen recovery from ADS using modified biochar was an effective method.
Perfiles y tendencias en la migración de retorno a México durante la administración de Trump
Authors: Calva Sánchez Luis Enrique
Published: September 2022

En este documento se analiza el retorno de mexicanos desde Estados Unidos con base en el volumen y distintos procesos de migración que se observaron en el periodo 2015-2020 y que coincide en parte con el contexto antimigratorio propiciado por Trump. Se emplean distintas fuentes de datos entre las que resalta el Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020 en México. Los resultados muestran que durante el último quinquenio continuó descendiendo la migración de retorno, destaca un mayor decremento en el caso de grupos familiares con presencia de menores nacidos en Estados Unidos. Aunque se identifica una diversidad de perfiles, el retorno sigue explicándose principalmente por la migración de trabajadores a ese país que posteriormente regresan a México para reunirse con su familia. Se debe resaltar además un incremento en la edad de los retornados, lo que refleja parte del proceso de envejecimiento de los mexicanos residentes en Estados Unidos.
The Journey for Lung Cancer Screening where we Stand Today
Authors: Wahla Ali S. , Zoumot Zaid , Uzbeck Mateen , Mallat Jihad , Souilamas Redha , Shafiq Irfan
Published: September 2022

Background:

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide with many patients presenting with advanced disease.

Objective:

We reviewed the available literature for lung cancer screening using low dose computed tomography (LDCT). We reviewed the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), Early Lung Cancer Action Program (ELCAP) and the (Nederlands–Leuvens Longkanker Screenings Onderzoek (NELSON) trials. We also look at different lung cancer risk prediction models that may aid in identifying target populations and also discuss the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different groups of smokers and ex-smokers. Lastly, we discuss recent guideline changes that have occurred in line with new and emerging evidence on lung cancer screening.

Conclusion:

LDCT has been shown reduce lung cancer mortality in certain groups of current and former smokers and should be considered to help in the early diagnosis of lung cancer.
COVID-19 Pandemi Döneminde Çocuk Acil Kliniğine Başvuran Hastaların Ebeveyn Anksiyete Düzeyleri
Authors: Yurdaor Seda Sinem , Türe Esra , Ertek Engin , Eren Defne , Aktürk Berna , Tayfun Şentürk Ebru , Şen Eylem , Demirpek Uğur , Bulut Çakmak Berna
Published: September 2022

Amaç: COVID-19 pandemisinin ruhsal durum üzerinde önemli ve uzun vadeli etkisinin olması beklenmektedir. Bu çalışma ile amacımız, pandeminin ebeveynlerin stres düzeyine etkisini belirlemek için çocuk acil polikliniğimize başvuran hastaların ailelerinin kaygı düzeylerini ölçmektir. Ayrıca, kaygı düzeylerini etkileyebilecek faktörleri değerlendirmek ve COVID-19 pandemisinin ebeveynlerin duygu durumlarına etkisini araştırmaktır. Uzun vadeli hedefimiz, gelecekte bu ebeveynlere destek sağlamaktır.
Araç ve Yöntemler: Çocuk acil servisimize başvuran hastalar COVID-19 şüpheli ve şüpheli olmayan şeklinde iki gruba ayrıldı. Hastaların ebeveynlerine Durumluluk Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği anketi uygulandı.
Bulgular: Özellikle annelerde daha fazla olmak üzere, hastalarda COVID-19 şüphesi olmasının bile ebeveynlerin anksiyete seviyesini yükselttiği görüldü.
Sonuç: COVID-19 pandemisi ebeveyn anksiyetesini yükseltmiştir. Çocuklar ve ebeveynler üzerinde büyük psikolojik etkileri olan böyle bir pandemi sürerken, kaygıyı tespit etmek, ihtiyaç sahibi ailelere destek olmak, sosyal ve tıbbi bakım hizmetleri aracılığıyla yardım sağlamak için çeşitli şekillerde çalışmaların sürdürülmesinin son derece faydalı olduğuna inanılmaktadır.
EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT NEED AND ORAL HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF 11-15 YEAR OLD CHILDREN WITH DIFFERENT MALOCCLUSIONS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Kurt Demirsoy Kevser , Büyük S. Kutalmış , Becet Nursu , Abay Feridun
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study is to determine the orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children aged 11-15 and to evaluate the effect of orthodontic treatment need on oral health-related quality of life in different malocclusion groups.
Individuals and Methods: 261 children (158 girls, 103 boys) aged 11-15 years (mean 13.03±1.93 years in girls, 12.66±1.75 years in boys) who deserved orthodontic treatment constituted the material of the study. Individuals were divided into 3 groups according to their dental malocclusions as Angle Class I, Class II and Class III. Data collection tools; Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) Dental Health Component (IOTN-DHC), IOTN Aesthetic Component (IOTN-AC), Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and Clinical Examination Data Form. OHIP-14 was used to measure OHRQoL. IOTN-DHC and IOTN-AC (orthodontist & self-perception) were used to determine the need for orthodontic treatment. Data were collected through questionnaires, personal interviews, and intraoral examinations. Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Kendall tau-b correlation test were used to evaluate the data and the significance level was determined as P0.05). While there was no significant difference between malocclusion groups in terms of OHIP-14 scores, IOTN-DHC scores indicating the need for orthodontic treatment were found to be significantly higher in the Class III malocclusion group (P
The Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health in Children with Primary Immunodeficiency
Authors: Kılıç Ahmet Osman , Uzun Necati , Akın Fatih , Akıncı Mehmet Akif , Yazar Abdullah , Bozkurt Alan Havva , Keles Sevgi , Reisli İsmail
Published: September 2022

Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı, COVID-19 pandemisinin primer immün yetmezliği olan çocukların ruh sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Katılımcıların ebeveynleri tarafından Revize Çocuk Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği - Ebeveyn Formu (RCADS-P) doldurulmuştur. Katılımcılar Primer immün yetmezliği olan hastalar ve kontrol grubu olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma Haziran 2020-Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışma grubundaki hastaların RCADS-P depresyon puanları ve RCADS-P toplam puanları kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksekti (sırasıyla p = 0,022, p = 0,042). Hastaların yaşı (r = 0,419, p = 0,024), eğitim düzeyi (r = 0,588, p = 0,013) ve RCADS-P depresyon puanları arasında pozitif yönde ilişkiler bulundu. Ayrıca kardeş sayısı (r = -0,396, p = 0,038) ile RCADS-P OKB puanları arasında negatif korelasyon saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: COVID-19 pandemisi, primer immün yetmezliği olan hastaların ruh sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz etkilere sahiptir.
Estranhamentos. Crónicas quinzenais no Correio do Minho (2017-2022)
Authors: Mendes João
Published: September 2022

Crónicas quinzenais escritas no período entre 01.09.2017 e 22.06.2018, interrompida durante quase dois anos por exigências profissionais diversas – com exceção para a crónica de 4 de abril de 2020, pandemia da Covid-19 oblige – retomada em 05.09.2020 até 25.06.2022. Os artigos coligidos encontram-se organizados de modo cronológico e com três arquipélagos temáticos: (a) análises da problemática do aquecimento global, alterações climáticas e Antropoceno; (b) questionamentos sobre a pandemia de Covid-19 e modos como nos fez repensar a condição humana; (c) reflexões diversas sobre política, economia, vida social e desporto (em especial o Ténis).
An introduction to friendliness (mettā): Emotional intelligence and freedom in the Pāli discourses of the Buddha
Authors: Sangiacomo Andrea
Published: September 2022

Friendliness (mettā in Pāli) is an emotional and intentional attitude of goodwill and non-aversion towards all sentient beings, including oneself. It is rooted in both feeling and understanding. In the Pāli discourses of the Buddha, friendliness is repeatedly stressed and encouraged for its numerous benefits. It supports and develops a form of emotional intelligence and provides an ideal pathway to explore deeper aspects of one’s experience and their philosophical implications. Friendliness is best understood not in isolation, but rather in the broader context of the Buddha’s teachings. In that context, it plays an essential role as a catalyst for the unfolding of the whole Buddhist path. Friendliness, then, can be a particularly interesting thread to follow in order to unpack the meaning and practical implications of the core teachings conveyed in the discourses. This introduction combines meditation practice, philosophy, and the reading of ancient texts in order to show how friendliness can function both as an entry point to explore the landscape of the discourses, and how that same landscape unfolds from the perspective disclosed by friendliness
Rechtvaardiging en eschatologie in de brieven aan de Thessalonicenzen
Authors: Hausoul R.R.
Published: September 2022

Protestantism primarily associates justification with the linguistic field of Romans and Galatians. This article explores perspectives on justification developed from 1-2 Thessalonians and the following themes: God’s future coming as Judge, the imitation of Christ, God’s call to holiness, and the faithful as a crown of honor for Christ. The connections between these themes and eschatology place the doctrine of justification found in 1-2 Thessalonians in a process of being included in the kingdom of God.
Overview of Soft Robotic Hand Exoskeletons as Rehabilitative and Assistive Devices (Preprint)
Authors: Aufrichtig Susanna
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

Hand functional disabilities interfere with independence and lead to a lower quality of life for people worldwide. Rehabilitative and assistive devices address these needs in different ways. Rehabilitative devices focus on restoring movement through repetitive exercises to help patients recover mobility. Assistive devices focus on supporting the performance of activities of daily living to improve functioning. Because of these different roles, rehabilitative and assistive devices have different design requirements. With their light and flexible materials, soft robotics introduce an opportunity to improve comfort and portability and thus are increasingly used for hand exoskeletons.

OBJECTIVE

This paper provides a brief and accessible overview of how to tailor functionally different soft robotic hand exoskeletons as rehabilitative or assistive devices.

METHODS

A literature search was performed using the MEDLINE database, with keyword entries describing the type of robotic device, the anatomy, and the assistive and rehabilitative applications.

RESULTS

The review summarizes how the clinical objectives relate to design requirements and technical solutions. Design requirements that are addressed include safety, portability and mobility, and comfort. Technical solutions are discussed in terms of how to choose and construct robotic actuators, sensors, and control mechanisms.

CONCLUSIONS

Rehabilitative devices require higher force robots and portability is less important. In contrast, assistive devices require portability and complex movements that respond to environmental demands. Future research is needed that engages rehabilitation specialists with knowledge of the neuroscience of intricate hand anatomy, the functional challenges of activities of daily living, and the optimal integration with engineering design.
The Effect of Walled Nano-Carbon on the Physical, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy
Authors: Hussein Rasha Mohammed
Published: September 2022

The physical, the thermal and the mechanical properties of Nano-composites, that consisted of Polyprime EP epoxy that reinforced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), have been studied. Various loading ratios, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 wt. %of MWCNT shave been infused into epoxy by a magnetic stirrer and then the hardener mixed with the mthat supplied with the epoxy. All sample shave been cutting using CNC machine. Tensile test, three-point bending, hardness tests, lee's disk, differential scanning calorimetry, water absorption and dielectric and electrical conductivity test were utilized on unfilled, MWCNT-filled epoxy to identify the loading effect on the properties of materials. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the dispersion case of nanotubes in the base matrix. The tensile test results showed an improvement in Young’s modulus with higher MWCNT addition percentages. The highest value of the tensile strength was obtained at 0.5 wt.% of MWCNT with increasing ratio 66.7%. The values of the Shore D hardness tests are slightly increases as the filler percentage increased, and the maximum value was observed at MWCNT weight percent of 4.4. Images of SEM showed that the specimen of 0.1 wt.% MWCNT has less voids as compared with other specimen. Thermal conductivity and glass transition temperature increase when the loading ratio increased the maximum increasing at 1wt% with 120% and 23% respectively. The true density and electrical conductivity increase when nano carbon infused but decreasing in the dielectric constant and water absorber.
The Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulations for Gangrene Disease in Diabetic Foot
Authors: Al-allaq Ali Amer
Published: September 2022

The diabetic foot is considered one of the long term diabetes complications caused by a defect in blood vessel and nerve system. This requires dealing with diabetic foot with professional medical care, so as to prevent its development in advanced stages which could end to gangrene and amputation of the foot. This study has been initiated through follow-up of twelve patients with diabetes and the presence various occlusions in lower limb artery. One patient from them was chosen for investigation, this patient has stenosis in popliteal artery and presence multiple stenosis in superficial femoral artery. This study based on analysis present case of patient and prediction for progress stenosis in superficial femoral artery till arrive semi total occlusion of the artery and interpret the occurrence of gangrene in the lower limb. The geometrical values of the artery and stenosis were acquired measured directly from the patient by using angiography device. The disease of gangrene and artery stenosis in diabetic foot has been investigated by using a simulation program (ANSYS Fluent CFD).  The results of study by using four models with (75%, 90%) stenosis from original artery diameter in the healthy patient case are presented and compared with present and healthy case (without stenosis). It has been appeared, with presence of multi stenosis in superficial femoral artery for diabetic foot, and by assuming the blood to be a Newtonian fluid, a significant increase in the blood velocity and wall shear stress in the area of stenosis compared with non stenosis region. The blood flow rate was decreased constrained as the degree of stenosis increased and vice versa. Peak blood velocity is about (0.88) m/sec for healthy artery, it reaches (2) m/sec for a 42.4% stenosis (current case).The maximum velocity values were (10.36, 49.31) m/sec for 75%, 90% stenosis respectively. The maximum wall shear stress at the stenosis region varies from (1094) pa in the 75% stenosis to (15916) pa in the 90% stenosis against a values of (6.36, 380.5) pa in the healthy artery, current case respectively.
Encapsuladores nominales hecho, idea, tema y problema en un corpus de escritura académica en español
Authors: Urizar Ocampo Carolina , Rodríguez Sánchez Ignacio
Published: September 2022

Esta investigación explora el uso de cuatro encapsuladores (hecho, idea, problema y tema) en el Corpus del Lenguaje Académico del Español (CLAE) por estudiantes universitarios de humanidades provenientes de contextos monolingües (UNAM, México) y bilingües (Davis, California). El subcorpus del contexto monolingüe tiene 225 000 palabras y el del contexto bilingüe tiene casi 600 000 palabras. La extracción de datos se realizó con métodos, técnicas e instrumentos de la lingüística de corpus. Los resultados se presentan en tres ámbitos: la distribución de la frecuencia de los encapsuladores (idea y tema son más usados por los estudiantes de California, hecho por los estudiantes mexicanos), los patrones léxico-gramaticales (que muestran una gran variación según el grupo de estudiantes) y las funciones (siendo la función textual más frecuente que la semántica y la cognitiva). Se expone que el uso de los encapsuladores difiere según el nivel de lengua de los estudiantes y el contexto de aprendizaje. Estas diferencias no implican mayor o menor corrección en las producciones escritas, sino características atribuibles al estilo de escritura y la experiencia en la redacción de textos académicos.
Sintaxis y traducción del infinitivo de narración en francés y en español
Authors: Eloundou Eloundou Girex
Published: September 2022

El infinitivo de narración es un recurso estilístico muy poco discutido en los libros de texto para la enseñanza del español y el francés como lenguas extranjeras. Su análisis y su traducción plantean dificultades a los estudiantes francófonos de español como lengua extranjera, a quienes dicho recurso les resulta extraño a priori. Su ausencia en los libros de texto de español y francés como lenguas extranjeras sin duda se debe a que ciertas gramáticas tradicionales lo han considerado como un hecho lingüístico arcaico. Sin embargo, el infinitivo de narración parece ser muy popular hoy en día en los periódicos y apreciado por algunos autores. Por tanto, el presente trabajo se propone estudiar las semejanzas y disimilitudes morfosintácticas de esta construcción de infinitivo en español y francés, y plantear, a partir de ellas, enfoques epistemológicos para su traducción.
Hispanic social place names of Manila
Authors: Joven Romero Marco Antonio
Published: September 2022

Los topónimos reflejan la historia social de los territorios, su vida diaria y las relaciones de sus habitantes. Los topónimos históricos hispánicos en Manila dibujan la sociedad de la ciudad durante el periodo colonial. Aquí reúno y explico los topónimos hispánicos vivos acuñados antes de la batalla de Manila de 1945 y discuto las distintas actividades, pueblos y clases económicas que retratan. Concluyo que en distintas zonas de la ciudad predominaban actividades administrativas, financieras, de ocio, militares, de beneficencia, rurales, logísticas y de clases obreras: la distancia al centro en Intramuros denotaba su relevancia.
Tendencia a Estado de excepción planetario y crisis global del siglo XXI
Authors: Arizmendi Rosales Luis , Ramírez Siles Vianey
Published: September 2022

El artículo se orienta a demostrar que la tendencia a Estado de excepción planetario constituye la respuesta del capitalismo a la crisis global del siglo XXI. El primer apartado sintetiza la perspectiva del Pentágono ante el “cambio climático”, que reconoce el sobrecalentamiento planetario como un problema de seguridad nacional para Estados Unidos. El segundo apartado, con base en una evaluación crítica de la historia de las grandes crisis de sobreacumulación, demuestra que el Norte Global atraviesa actualmente por su peor fase en la tendencia descendente de la tasa de ganancia. Su articulación con la mundialización de la pobreza, la crisis alimentaria global, el sobrecalentamiento planetario y la geopolítica de las pandemias ha llevado al capitalismo del siglo XXI a detonar catástrofes previsibles a las que imprime el carácter de no-prevenibles. El tercer apartado presenta una periodización crítica de la tendencia a la conformación de Estado de excepción planetario contra la cual la segunda ola posneoliberal podría posicionar Nuestramérica, nuevamente, como la región que ofrece resistencias. Esto, si la región asume el reto de construirse como un bloque de Estados contrahegemónicos.
Dependencia y progresismo en América Latina: obstáculos y alcances
Authors: Sotelo Valencia Adrián
Published: September 2022

El presente artículo analiza la naturaleza político-ideológica del progresismo en América Latina a partir de la hipótesis de que no hay ciclos inamovibles y mecánicos que lo sobredeterminen. Ello presupone que los verdaderos determinantes son las leyes generales del sistema capitalista y la manera como se articulan dialécticamente con las luchas de clases en la región en contextos de crisis, desestabilización y decadencia general del modo capitalista universal de vida y de producción. La hipótesis subyacente al respecto consiste en considerar que, con el arribo al gobierno del presidente Hugo Chávez Frías en Venezuela y, con él, de la fuerza ideológica, política y social del bolivarianismo en el umbral del siglo xxi (2 de febrero de 1999), después de casi una década de estancamiento e involución de las luchas populares y sociales –desde la caída del sandinismo por la vía electoral en 1989– y del arribo y fortalecimiento del neoliberalismo, se originó un nuevo proceso histórico que hoy se conoce como el progresismo. Con la caída de los gobiernos en Ecuador (24 de mayo de 2017) y Bolivia (10 de noviembre de 2019), luego del Impeachment (31 de agosto de 2016) que destituyó a la presidenta Dilma Rousseff en Brasil, el progresismo presenta graves riesgos de ser derrotado por envalentonadas derechas y ultraderechas auspiciadas y comandadas por la fuerza imperialista de Estados Unidos.
Capitalismo de guerra y Estado de seguridad. Lastres y desafíos
Authors: Rodríguez Rejas María José
Published: September 2022

El trabajo aborda el concepto de Estado de seguridad como la expresión que asume el Estado neoliberal en nuestros días. Pretende ser un ejercicio de construcción de una categoría de análisis que aporte al debate en un ámbito enmarcado por diferentes enfoques: Estado penal, Estado neoliberal, Estado de excepción. Presentamos las especificidades del Estado de seguridad, caracterizando su lógica de funcionamiento y el tipo de institucionalidad que construye. Primero identificamos las variables y ejes que lo caracterizan, y después, reflexionamos su vinculación con el concepto de Estado de excepción, incorporando las dimensiones ideológico-cultural y psicológica de la sociedad de control y de las nuevas concepciones de la guerra que tienen como objetivo el control con aceptación de la población. Consideramos que la caracterización del Estado de seguridad es relevante para re-pensar los retos que la construcción de una política de seguridad integral y paz implica, fuera del marco neoliberal, situación que enfrenta México en estos días y con cuyo análisis cerramos el trabajo.
Imperialismo y Estado de excepción. La subordinación de la seguridad en México: de la Iniciativa Mérida a la Ley de Seguridad Interior
Authors: Diego Chimal César Daniel
Published: September 2022

En este artículo se analiza la estrategia de la militarización en México, así como sus efectos, como parte de una ofensiva de clase en su relación oligárquico-imperial y en un contexto de Estado de excepción. Se demuestra la subordinación de México en tareas de seguridad y defensa que han lesionado gravemente la soberanía del país y permitido de facto su incorporación al perímetro de seguridad de Estados Unidos y de sus intereses imperiales. Se busca visibilizar la crisis humanitaria que este proceso generó, y que va más allá del registro de cifras aisladas de una guerra interna, e indagar en los efectos de una sociedad fracturada y lesionada por los esquemas imperiales de acumulación capitalista. Finalmente, se subraya que la construcción de la paz debe basarse en soluciones integrales de los problemas estructurales y no en medidas paliativas que sean funcionales a las relaciones de dominación.
La ilusión del metacontrol imperial del caos y el neofascismo
Authors: Beinstein Jorge
Published: September 2022

A manera de homenaje, en este espacio ofrecemos dos profundos ensayos de Jorge Beinstein, de ahí el nombre que hemos elegido para presentarlos en este número de Estudios Latinoamericanos. Ambos escritos dan cuenta de lo que el autor denomina “la ilusión del metacontrol imperial del caos” en tiempos de la peor fase de la relación entre capitalismo y decadencia, para exponerla como fundamento de la tendencia contemporánea al neofascismo mundial. Periodiza la compleja relación entre la economía y el sistema militar de Estado Unidos, contrastando lo que se conoce como “keynesianismo militar” o “economía de guerra permanente”, con una fase ulterior poskeynesiana. Mientras la fase del keynesianismo militar es caracterizada como una etapa en la cual el crecimiento de la economía militar funciona como una fuerza de arrastre propulsora del nivel de empleo y la prosperidad general, la fase poskeynesiana se escudriña mostrando, desde finales de los noventa, que el ascenso de los gastos de orden militar ya no produce el mismo impacto, de suerte que deriva en déficit fiscal y endeudamiento sin contribuir de ningún modo el aumento neto del nivel de empleo en Estados Unidos.
Adrián Sotelo Valencia, Estados Unidos en un mundo en crisis. Geopolítica de la precariedad y la superexplotación del trabajo
Authors: Calderón Rodríguez José María
Published: September 2022

En México, los estudios sobre la economía estadounidense no son frecuentes. Abunda, eso sí, una literatura sobre muy variados temas: la situación de la frontera, las pandillas de latinos en Estados Unidos, la migración mexicana y centroamericana hacia el país del Norte o textos dedicados al proceso electoral que declaró vencedor al candidato demócrata. Entre ellos destaco la investigación de Jane Mayer de 2019: Dinero oscuro. La historia oculta de los multimillonarios escondidos detrás del auge de la extrema derecha norteamericana.
Coyuntura Migratoria
Authors:   Secretaría de Desarrollo Institucional, Seminario Universitario de Estudios sobre Desplazamiento Interno, Migración, Exilio y Repatriación (SUDIMER)
Published: September 2022

La Serie de Documentos de Trabajo Coyuntura Migratoria, forma parte de las actividades de divulgación y difusión del conocimiento del Seminario Universitario de Estudios sobre Desplazamiento Interno, Migración, Exilio y Repatriación (SUDIMER) de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Son trata de una serie de documebtos digitales publicados periodicamente cuyo objetivo principal es dar a conocer hallazgos y avances de investigación sobre temas emergentes, frutos de trabajo de campo reciente y que se relacionan con la coyuntura siempre renovada y cambiante de las migraciones y la movilidad humana.
Miradas a la organización de la mano de obra migrante precarizada en Canadá: industria cannábica, alimentaria y de servicios
Authors: Díaz Mendiburo Aarón , Rámirez-Montes de Oca Luis Rubén
Published: September 2022

El presente texto aborda dos orientaciones analíticas que se conjugan: una perspectiva exploratoria apunta al sector económico primario desde la agroindustria cannábica canadiense; la otra desde la alimentaria, lo cual se robustece con hallazgos relativos a los servicios de limpieza urbanos en Canadá. Ambos panoramas se problematizan en términos cualitativos evidenciando algunas de las características que organizan a la mano de obra en los sectores citados, dejando ver las vulnerabilidades y precarizaciones que se construyen en torno a la migración laboral transnacional. La parte final de este texto incluye lo relativo a la crisis sanitaria por la pandemia de COVID-19.
Spectral and Up conversion Properties of Eu3+ Doped in Zinc Lithium Potassiumniobate Borosilicate Glasses
Authors: Meena S. L.
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Glass sample of zinc lithium potassiumniobate borosilicate (35-x) SiO2:10ZnO:10Li2O:10K2O:10Nb2O5:25B2O3:xEu2O3. (where x=1,1.5,2 mol%) have been prepared by melt-quenching technique. The amorphous nature of the prepared glass samples was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of three Eu3+ doped zinc lithium potessiumniobate glasses have been recorded at room temperature. The various interaction parameters like Slater-Condon parameter F2, Lande parameter (ξ4f), nephelauexetic ratio (β') and bonding parameter (b 1/2) have been computed. Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters and laser parameters have also been calculated.
Kannada Text Recognition
Authors: Devaraj Anjali Yogesh , Jain Anup S , N Omisha , TS Shobana
Published: September 2022

Abstract: The task of automatic handwriting recognition is critical. This can be a difficult subject, and it has gotten a lot of attention in recent years. In the realm of picture grouping, handwritten character recognition is a problem. Handwritten characters are difficult to decipher since various people have distinct handwriting styles. For decades, researchers have been focusing on character identification in Latin handwriting. Kannada has had fewer studies conducted on it. Our "Kannada Text Recognition" research and effort attempts to classify and recognize characters written in Kannada, a south Indian language. The characters are taken from written documents, preprocessed with numpy and OpenCV, and then run through a CNN.
Galvanic Coupling Testbed for Sound Card-Based Intra-Body Communication Links
Authors: Raghuel Ganta , Kumari Dr. B. Leela
Published: September 2022

Abstract: By enabling in-place and real-time monitoring in daily life, intra-body communication (IBC) is a cutting-edge vital research topic that will promote customized treatment. In this study, data transmission over intra-body networks is accomplished using the energy-efficient galvanic coupling (GC) technique. Two standard PCs with sound card support and Matlab software are used to create a novel sound card-based GC testbed with the following key features: (i) low equipment requirements; (ii) high flexibility; (iii) real-time physiological data transmissions; and (iv) nearly error-free communication thanks to the development of specific physical (PHY) layer technology. Additionally, a signal to noise ratio (SNR) computation is suggested, serving as both a frequency offset compensation method and a statistic to assess the proposed design. The created GC testbed might be quickly copied by the interested research community to do simulation, encouraging more study in this area.
Smart Irrigation Systems using Internet of Things for Smart Farming
Authors: Pretom Mahamudul Hasan
Published: September 2022

Abstract: This paper proposes an intelligent irrigation system with the assistance of the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT can be referred to as physical objects that can communicate and generate relevant data. This paper solves the problem of water wastage on farms by automating the irrigation system. The system has been developed using specific sensors such as temperature, soil moisture and humidity. Arduino micro-controller and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) are also used, providing reasonable handling. It uploads the data to the database and displays the readings on a web application. Finally, the sensor's reading values control a pump/motor. As a result, this paper automates the irrigation system by analyzing soil moisture and temperature, covering essential aspects such as labor, power consumption, reliability and cost.
Dark Web: The Hub of Crime
Authors: Saha Srinjoy
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Now days Internet plays a significant role in our daily life. It’s become an essential part of all daily lifestyle. Dark Web is like an untraceable secret layer of the Internet which basically used to store and access the sensitive and confidential data. But we can see the huge misuse of this platform for conducting the criminal and illegal activities in a hidden way. In this paper, we are going to discuss about the overview of dark web and many browsers those are used to access dark web. We also discuss about the methods used in Dark web for anonymity and confidentiality. Here some interesting facts are also discussed about dark web and the different types of crimes to create awareness about this type of activities and the preventive action for these activities
The effect of learning cycle 5E+Powtoon on students’ motivation: The concept of animal metamorphosis
Authors: Resmol Koraima , Leasa Marleny
Published: September 2022

During the Covid-19 pandemic period, elementary school students experienced many learning difficulties, which resulted in decreased learning motivation. This study aimed to determine the effect of the 5e+Powtoon learning cycle learning model on learning motivation in science. This quasi-experimental research was conducted at public Elementary School (ES) Teladan Ambon, Maluku. There were two groups, one as the experimental class and another as a control class with 60 students. The research design used was a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group. The instrument used is a learning motivation questionnaire, with a value of validity = 0.769 and reliability = 0.897. The analysis results with ANCOVA showed the value of Sig = 0.000 > alpha (0.05), so applying the 5E+Powtoon model effect students' learning motivation. Thus, the 5e+Powtoon learning cycle can be recommended to increase elementary school students learning motivation. Further research is suggested to compare student motivation in Maluku with other developed countries by using the 5E model with other online learning applications.
Invisibles Achaemenid Heavy Cavalry During the Greco-Persian Wars
Authors: Réfi-Oszkó Dániel
Published: September 2022

Today, the Persian empires of Antiquity are still remembered as being famous for their expert use of cavalry forces. However, the textual, pictorial and archaeological evidence shows a slightly different picture, especially when the early Achaemenid period is considered. During the Greco-Persian wars, Persian riders had little chance to shine and were not able to show their full military potential against the Greeks. This paper examines the available sources and, through the evaluation of data, tries to answer some questions about the origins of (Persian) heavy cavalry and their presumed “invisibility” during this time. Their actual capabilities and close combat effectiveness are investigated, emphasising the parameters we associate with heavy cavalry and the use of body protection in combat. The primary question is, though, whether we can talk about “heavy cavalry” as a separate category during this period or not.
Gems in the Ustinow Collection, Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo
Authors: Gesztelyi Tamás
Published: September 2022

Scientifically, the collection’s primary importance is its Middle-Eastern origin; collections of gemstones from the Middle East have rarely been published unlike those from European archaeological sites. Thus the possibility opens up to compare finds from the eastern and western parts of the Roman Empire with a focus on similarities and differences. While in the western provinces the gemstones typically spread during the era of the Roman Empire, in the eastern provinces the use of seals and gemstones goes back several thousand years. It follows that in the western regions, representations of the official themes of the age of the emperors, including the characteristic figures of gods of the state religion (Jupiter, Minerva, Mars, Venus Victrix), are the most common. In contrast, the eastern provinces saw the spread of representations of local gods (Zeus Ammon, Zeus Heliopolitanos, Sarapis) or the Hellenistic types of the Greek gods (Apollo Musagetes, Aphrodite Anadyomene, Hermes Psychopompos). However, there were figures of gods that were equally popular in both regions, such as Tyche–Fortuna, Nike–Victoria, Eros–Amor, Dionysos–Bacchus, Heracles–Hercules. Each of these became rather popular in the Hellenistic World, spreading basically spontaneously throughout the entire Roman Empire. There was a similar unity in the popularity of represenations of animals, too.The eastern region was, however, characterised by the relatively large number of magic gemstones. There is a piece among these which has no exact analogy (Cat. 69) and its analysis sheds new light on the previous interpretation of similar pieces. The popularity of magic gemstones is highlighted by the fact that some of their motifs became distorted beyond recognition in the popularisation process. Understandably, Sasanian gemstones and seals, which revived the Romans’ dying custom of sealing for some time, were also typical of the eastern regions. What is conspicuous is that the stone cameos (agate, sardonyx) so common in the western regions are completely missing from the collection, while there is a fair number of glass cameo pendants made in the eastern regions.From an educational and community cultural aspect, the significance of the Ustinow collection lies in the fact that it represents several historical and cultural eras between the fourth century B.C. and the fifth century A.D. for the benefit of the interested public, private collectors, and students of archaeology and the antiquities. The gemstones may be small, but the representations on them can be extraordinarily rich in meaning. With adequate enlargement and due professional expertise, which this catalogue aims to promote, all this information can come to life in front of us, allowing us a glimpse into the lives and thoughts of the citizens of a Mediterranean world two thousand years back.
Influencia de los parámetros operacionales de carbonización hidrotermal asistida por microondas en la obtención de productos de valor energético: una revisión
Authors: Pinto-Altamiranda Sania , Aristizábal Restrepo Johan S. , González María E. , Gutiérrez Omar D. , Barrera-Causil Carlos
Published: September 2022

La agroindustria genera gran cantidad de residuos de tipo orgánico, los cuales son considerados una biomasa apta para aprovechamiento energético. Una de las tecnologías de conversión termoquímica que permite obtener un producto de alto valor energético es la carbonización hidrotermal, la cual puede ser asistida por microondas o por horno convencional. El objetivo de este artículo fue recopilar información sobre la influencia que tienen los parámetros operativos en la obtención de mayores rendimientos y contenidos de carbono del hidrochar en el proceso de carbonización hidrotermal asistida por microondas (MAHTC) y, a su vez, demostrar tal influencia de los parámetros mediante un metaanálisis. Para el metaanálisis se tomó la información bibliográfica recopilada y se evaluó a través de un modelo lineal generalizado tipo mixto. Los resultados del modelo evidenciaron que la temperatura y el tiempo ejercen influencia en el contenido de carbono, mientras que el rendimiento estaría influenciado, principalmente, por el tiempo de reacción. En términos generales, se resalta al parámetro de la temperatura de reacción como el factor más importante en la carbonización hidrotermal, ya que determina las propiedades fisicoquímicas del hidrochar, es decir que con la información aquí presentada se pretende incentivar el aprovechamiento de los residuos agroindustriales para ser transformados en productos de alto valor energético y, de este modo, brindar una solución a la problemática de cambio climático, propiciando el desarrollo sostenible del sector agrícola.
Efectos de la internacionalización de la economía colombiana en la producción y el ingreso de los sectores arrocero, cafetero, caña de azúcar y cacaotero en Colombia.
Authors: Diaz Diaz Roberto Adolfo , Verján Ávila Diana Carolina , Verá Calderón José Alejandro
Published: September 2022

El presente artículo presenta una parte de los resultados del Proyecto de Investigación Especial -PIE, denominado “Análisis del proceso de internacionalización de la economía en el ingreso de la población rural en Colombia, como base de una política de protección social en el sector rural” el cual recoge la evolución de los principales subsectores agrícolas (Arrocero, cafetero, caña de azúcar y el cacaotero), en el que se utilizan los datos reportados en el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística -DANE y agremiaciones de productores.  Los resultados analíticos y econométricos de la evolución de estos subsectores en el periodo 2011 a 2020 evidencian que la mayoría han ampliado la producción, la productividad y el valor real de las cosechas y por lo tanto el ingreso de los productores, por lo tanto, el proceso de internacionalización ha traído efectos positivos, lo cual se confirma con la modelación realizada por datos de panel. El precio es significativo en el modelo en los modelos con un nivel del 90% de confianza y signo positivo esperado, por lo tanto, es una variable clave en las decisiones de producción de los agentes. El TLC con los Estados Unidos impacta de manera positiva a los cultivos de arroz, café y caña de azúcar, pero tiene efectos negativos en la producción de cacao, y no se encuentra evidencia sólida del efecto de covid19 en la producción, pero los modelos arrojan un signo negativo, pero sin significancia estadística (Esto se puede deber a lo reciente del fenómeno y por ende a la falta de datos) evidenciando la evidente perdida en la producción de importantes renglones de la economía, pero no se encuentra afectaciones significativas en los cuatro subsectores.