bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vergeblichkeit und Vergänglichkeit des Lebens im Buch „Kohelet“
Authors: Juckel Georg , Mavrogiorgou Paraskevi
Published: December 2022

Im Rahmen der existenziellen Psychotherapie sollten Lebensthemen wie berufliche und private Erschütterungen, Einsamkeit und Sinnlosigkeit, aber auch Krankheit, Sterben und Tod besonders vertieft und hinsichtlich ihres psychischen Erlebens mit Angstgefühlen und Angstgedanken bearbeitet werden. Die Erfahrung von Vergeblichkeit und Vergänglichkeit teilen Menschen seit Jahrtausenden und ist Thema in einem erstaunlichen Buch der Bibel, dem Buch „Kohelet“ oder „Prediger Salomo“. In diesem Buch wird die Wichtigkeit des diesseitigen, alltäglichen Lebens im Hier und Jetzt mit all seinen Freuden, aber auch in all seiner maßvollen Genügsamkeit und Endlichkeitsperspektive herausgearbeitet. Wichtig sei dabei der weltanschauliche Bezug, vor allem im Glauben mit Gottesfürchtigkeit und Gottvertrauen, mit dem man seine existenziellen Ängste auch in Krisen am besten begegnen kann. Damit gibt Kohelet wichtige Anstöße für die heutige psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutische Behandlung, in jedem Visitenkontakt und Gespräch auch die innerlich mit am stärksten berührenden Themen von Vergänglichkeit und Endlichkeit umfassender als bisher anzusprechen. Viele psychiatrische Patienten haben hier religiös-spirituelle Bedürfnisse, was als positive Ressource genutzt werden könnte.
Religiös-spirituelle Psychotherapieansätze und Grenzen der Integration
Authors: Utsch Michael
Published: December 2022

Ausgehend von der Wiederentdeckung religiös-spiritueller Therapieansätze stellt der Aufsatz die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen eines religionssensiblen Vorgehens in der Psychotherapie dar. Vor allem buddhistische Ansätze sind weit verbreitet, deren weltanschaulichen Grundlagen jedoch zu wenig reflektiert und kommuniziert werden. Es werden Merkmale einer religiös-spirituellen Grundhaltung beschrieben, die am Beispiel buddhistischer, islamischer und christlicher Ansätze verdeutlicht werden. Der Aufsatz plädiert für eine Grundhaltung der Offenheit bei gleichzeitiger Berücksichtigung der Behandlungsziele. Psychotherapeutische und spirituelle Behandlungsziele werden dabei unterschieden und letztere der Seelsorge zugewiesen.
Identifikation von Informationsbedürfnissen zur
Prävention des problematischen Konsums von Z-Substanzen und
Benzodiazepinen – eine Fokusgruppenstudie
Authors: Heeg Johanna , Dirmaier Jörg , Verthein Uwe , Härter Martin , Lindemann Christina
Published: December 2022

Ziel Zur Entwicklung bedarfsgerechter Gesundheitsinformationen
über Z-Substanzen und Benzodiazepine sollen die
Informationsbedürfnisse von Personengruppen mit
Abhängigkeitsgefährdung erfasst werden.

Methodik Es wurden drei Fokusgruppeninterviews mit unterschiedlichen
Zielgruppen durchgeführt: Jüngere Personen mit
Schlafstörungen (N=7), Frauen im mittleren Alter mit
gelegentlicher/regelmäßiger Einnahme von Z-Substanzen
oder Benzodiazepinen (N=6) und Personen im höheren Alter mit
regelmäßigem Konsum (N=6).

Ergebnisse Die Informationsbedürfnisse beziehen sich
primär auf die Bereiche „Schlafstörungen“ (insb.
alternative Behandlungsmöglichkeiten), „Z-Substanzen und
Benzodiazepine“ (insb. Risiken der Einnahme) und
„Hilfsangebote“ (insb. Anlaufstellen).

Schlussfolgerung Die thematischen Überschneidungen sprechen
dafür, dass alle Betroffenengruppen von allgemeinen Informationen
über Schlafstörungen und die verschiedenen
Behandlungsmöglichkeiten und Risiken profitieren. Informationsangebote
sollten auch einen Fokus auf Orientierungshilfe und Vermittlung im Hilfesystem
haben.
Ernährung bei Lebererkrankungen
Authors: Dölle Michael , Schneider Andrea
Published: December 2022

Die Leber ist ein zentrales Stoffwechselorgan. Ist sie erkrankt, können
gravierende Funktionseinschränkungen die Folge sein mit
vielfältigen Auswirkungen auf den gesamten Körper. Neben den
allgemeinen Empfehlungen zu einer gesunden und ausgewogenen Ernährung
mit regelmäßiger körperlicher Aktivität kommen
bei Lebererkrankungen noch einige spezifische Ernährungsaspekte hinzu,
die als Bausteine der Gesamttherapie wichtig sind.
Physician's Knowledge and Practices Surrounding Low-Dose Aspirin for Preeclampsia Risk Reduction
Authors: Martinez-King L Carolina , Machiorlatti Michael , Ogburn Tony , Salcedo Jennifer
Published: December 2022

Objective Preeclampsia is a leading cause of pregnancy-related deaths. Up to 60% of maternal deaths associated with preeclampsia may be prevented. Clinical trials have shown that low-dose aspirin reduces preeclampsia up to 30% among women at increased risk. Since 2014, multiple professional societies and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force have released guidelines on the use of low-dose aspirin to reduce the risk of preeclampsia. We aimed to evaluate physician's knowledge and practices surrounding low-dose aspirin for preeclampsia risk reduction.

Study Design We distributed an anonymous electronic survey to licensed physicians in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas who provide prenatal care, including general obstetrician–gynecologists, maternal fetal medicine subspecialists, and family medicine physicians. The survey consisted of 20 items assessing demographics, provider practices, and knowledge on the use of low-dose aspirin for preeclampsia risk reduction.

Results We received 48 surveys with a response rate of 55%. More than 90% of physicians reported recommending low-dose aspirin for preeclampsia risk reduction, of which 98% correctly identified the dose. Of the physicians recommending aspirin, 83% initiate dosing between 12 and 16 weeks, but only 52% continue it until the day of delivery. Nearly 80% of respondents identified that one high-risk factor for preeclampsia is an indication for prophylaxis, but only 56% identified that two or more moderate risk factors should prompt aspirin recommendation.

Conclusion Despite clear professional guidelines, physicians demonstrated gaps in knowledge and differences in practices. Enhancing screening tools to assess patient's risk of developing preeclampsia and tailored medical education on moderate risk factors are needed to identify patients who may benefit from this intervention. Increasing the use of aspirin in patients at risk is critical given the benefits of low-dose aspirin in the reduction of poor maternal and neonatal outcomes related to preeclampsia.

Key Points
Relating Factors and Trends in Hearing Device Adoption Rates to Opportunities for Hearing Health Care Providers
Authors: Jorgensen Lindsey E. , Barrett Rachel E.
Published: December 2022

As with many professions, audiology is continuing to evolve. More specifically in terms of hearing device technology, we see evolution in remote accessibility to providers, public knowledge of devices, and services provided by hearing care professionals. Each of these topics plays a role in an individual's decision to pursue any sort of hearing care services. Given the variety of new devices soon coming to the market (over-the-counter devices), it is important for the audiologist to understand patient motivators and how they have a great impact on both the practice of audiology as well as the patient's overall satisfaction. The goal of this article is to investigate the MarkeTrak 2022 data to determine the trends in adoption and use of hearing aids as well as examine predictive factors that can be used to better understand hearing aid adoption.
Providing “Compassionate Care” in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Through Infant and Family Needs-Based Care
Authors: Torbert Nicholas , Taladay Cassidy , Kauer Trevor , Hackenburg Lucas , Weaver Meaghann S. , Kellas Jody Koenig
Published: December 2022

Objective Provision of compassionate care to infants and their families in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a key component of competent critical care. Although recognized as an essential aspect of NICU care, compassionate care for infants and families in a NICU setting has been underexplored. This study defined and described compassionate care according to NICU staff.

Study Design Voice-recorded, face-to-face individual interviews occurred with NICU nurses (n = 45), NICU nurse practitioners (n = 15), and neonatologists (n = 9) from two NICUs in the midwestern United States. Semantic content analysis was used. Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative research guidelines were followed.

Results Three dynamic and interactive qualitative themes emerged: excellent standard of intensive care, commitment, and engaged family communication. A conceptual framework entitled patient and family needs-based care was developed from the qualitative interviews.

Conclusion The framework developed from this study supports the therapeutic journey of NICU infants and families by integrating a focus on compassionate personalized care within the context of keen clinical and communication skillsets that staff have gained throughout their NICU careers.

Key Points
Percutaneous Image-Guided Drainage of Abdominal Fluid Collections in Children: Technical Considerations and Clinical Scenarios
Authors: Gallo-Bernal Sebastian , Cahalane Alexis M. , Gee Michael S.
Published: December 2022

While initially conceived and designed for adults, percutaneous image-guided drainage of abdominal pelvic and fluid collections has revolutionized the management of several pediatric pathologies. Interventional radiology procedures markedly reduce morbidity and mortality by offering a definitive minimally invasive approach or allowing a cleaner and less challenging subsequent open approach. These procedures are associated with improved patient comfort and rapid recovery. While similar techniques apply to children and adults, successful adaptation of image-guided interventional techniques in children requires consideration of several critical differences. This review aims to discuss the indications, contraindications, and technical aspects of percutaneous image-guided drainage of abdominal and pelvic fluid collections in children.
Planar central configurations of some restricted (4 + 1)-body problems
Authors: Corbera M. , Llibre J. , Valls C.
Published: December 2022

We start with the 13 central configurations of the restricted (4 + 1) body problem having four primaries with equal masses at the vertices of a square. Then, we describe the evolution of these central configurations when some of the masses of the four primaries tend to zero and the remainder ones keep constant. More precisely, we consider the cases where one of the masses tends to zero, where either two adjacent or two opposite equal masses tend to zero simultaneously, and where three equal masses tend to zero simultaneously. Here, simultaneously means that the masses that go to zero take the same value at any moment.
The codimension 2 null cut locus with applications to spacetime topology
Authors: Galloway Gregory J. , Ling Eric
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we review and extend some results in the literature pertaining to spacetime topology while naturally utilizing properties of the codimension 2 null cut locus. Our results fall into two classes, depending on whether or not one assumes the presence of horizons. Included among the spacetimes we consider are those that apply to the asymptotically (locally) anti-de sitter (AdS) setting.
Statistical inference for unreliable grading using the maximum entropy principle
Authors: Davis S. , Loyola C. , Peralta J.
Published: December 2022

Quantitatively assessing the level of confidence on a test score can be a challenging problem, especially when the available information is based on multiple criteria. A concrete example beyond the usual grading of tests occurs with recommendation letters, where a recommender assigns a score to a candidate, but the reliability of the recommender must be assessed as well. Here, we present a statistical procedure, based on Bayesian inference and Jaynes’ maximum entropy principle, that can be used to estimate the most probable and expected score given the available information in the form of a credible interval. Our results may provide insights on how to properly state and analyze problems related to the uncertain evaluation of performance in learning applied to several contexts, beyond the case study of the recommendation letters presented here.
Simulation and experimental study of a K-band extended interaction oscillator for microwave processing systems
Authors: Chiang W. Y. , Hung P. H. , Chen H. Y. , Teng H. H. , Chen S. H.
Published: December 2022

High-power microwave sources have been widely applied for material processing in scientific research and manufacturing. The development of stable, high-frequency, high-power microwave sources is essential for achieving efficient microwave processing. This study proposes using a square doubly reentrant coupled-cavity as the slow-wave resonant structure in a K-band extended interaction oscillator (EIO). This design allows for ease of fabrication and high-power capability. The EIO is designed to operate in single 0-mode. The simulation results show that the competing π/5-mode can be effectively suppressed by properly choosing the width and location of the output coupler. The simulation and experiments successfully demonstrate stable, single-mode, tunable, high-performance operation of the EIO. The experimental measurements show a maximum output power of 1.776 kW (18.56% electronic efficiency), and a wave frequency of 24.324 GHz at a beam voltage of 17.4 kV and beam current of 550 mA. The EIO microwave source is suitable for interdisciplinary applications that require higher heating rates and greater uniformity.
Plasticity in networks of active chemical cells with pulse coupling
Authors: Vanag Vladimir K.
Published: December 2022

A method for controlling the coupling strength is proposed for pulsed coupled active chemical micro-cells. The method is consistent with Hebb’s rules. The effect of various system parameters on this “spike-timing-dependent plasticity” is studied. In addition to networks of two and three coupled active cells, the effect of this “plasticity” on the dynamic modes of a network of four pulse-coupled chemical micro-cells unidirectionally coupled in a circle is studied. It is shown that the proposed adjustment of the coupling strengths leads to spontaneous switching between network eigenmodes.
Generation–recombination noise in uniformly doped semiconductors with contacts of finite surface recombination velocities
Authors: Park Chan Hyeong
Published: December 2022

The formula for the voltage noise spectrum due to generation–recombination (G–R) rate fluctuations is derived for uniformly doped majority-carrier n-type semiconductor samples with contacts of finite surface recombination velocities. In the derivation of the formula, a new boundary condition with finite surface recombination velocities considered is used instead of the ohmic boundary condition. The G–R voltage noise spectra are calculated to become saturated and equal in the high electric field region irrespective of surface recombination velocities. However, the behaviors of slow surface recombination velocities in the low electric field region differ from those of fast ones. The profiles of the electron density fluctuations of slow ones differ significantly from those of fast ones in the low-field region. In the high field region, a steep rise in the magnitude of the electron density fluctuation occurs near the voltage contact toward which electrons drift. The various location dependencies of the contribution of noise sources to the voltage power spectral density are also derived for low and high field regions as well as low and high surface recombination velocities, and analytical expressions are developed for the voltage power spectral densities and electron density fluctuations.
Data synchronization module for multi-dimensional bunch-by-bunch measurement in a storage ring
Authors: Wu Ruizhe , Zhao Yunkun , Jin SanShuang , Tang Leilei , Lu Ping , Sun Baogen
Published: December 2022

Multi-dimensional bunch-by-bunch (BbB) measurements are an efficient tool to research beam dynamics induced by wakefields in storage ring light sources, yet they can have data misplacement problems on high-speed acquisition boards. Hence, a data synchronization module (DSM) was designed to solve the issue of data misplacement. We analyzed different synchronization states in the DSM and conducted testing of the DSM on a field programmable gate array to evaluate its performance. Test results indicate the synchronized DSM data from multiple high-speed acquisition boards corresponds to the bucket number in the bunch filling pattern. We found that the resolution of the longitudinal phase in three-dimensional BbB measurements can be improved with DSM and propose a scheme for multi-dimensional BbB measurements. In this paper, we will detail the structure of DSM and its limitations.
Rigged Hilbert space approach for non-Hermitian systems with positive definite metric
Authors: Ohmori S. , Takahashi J.
Published: December 2022

We investigate Dirac’s bra–ket formalism based on a rigged Hilbert space for a non-Hermitian quantum system with a positive-definite metric. First, the rigged Hilbert space, characterized by a positive-definite metric, is established. With the aid of the nuclear spectral theorem for the obtained rigged Hilbert space, spectral expansions are shown for the bra–kets by the generalized eigenvectors of a quasi-Hermitian operator. The spectral expansions are utilized to endow the complete bi-orthogonal system and the transformation theory between the Hermitian and non-Hermitian systems. As an example of application, we show a specific description of our rigged Hilbert space treatment for some parity-time symmetrical quantum systems.
Superior spin transport properties based on VS2 and VCl2 ferromagnetic monolayers
Authors: Qin Dan , Jiang Zhengting , Yan Peng , Wu Qihong , Ding Guangqian
Published: December 2022

Two-dimensional ferromagnetic monolayers have attracted growing interest due to their promising applications in spintronic devices. To explore the potential application of monolayer VS2 and VCl2 in spintronic devices, previously reported ferromagnetic semiconductor and half-metal, respectively, we investigate the spin transport properties of VS2 homo-junction, VCl2 homo-junction, and lateral VS2–VCl2 heterostructure using first-principles combined with non-equilibrium Green's function. We show that monolayer VS2 exhibit superior spin Seebeck effect along an armchair direction, monolayer VCl2 is an excellent platform to realize a spin valve, and the magnetoresistance ratio is up to 1.3 × 104. Moreover, the VS2–VCl2 heterostructure exhibits an excellent spin diode effect. We explain these effects from the calculated spin-dependent band structure and transmission spectrum. The superior spin transport properties make monolayer VS2 and VCl2 promising candidates for spintronic applications.
Experimental study on the fissure structure and permeability evolution characteristics of coal under liquid nitrogen freezing and freeze–thaw
Authors: Chu Yapei , Zhang Jianguo , Zhang Dongming , Wang Man , Wang Yujie , Niu Zehua
Published: December 2022

Liquid nitrogen (LN2) fracturing technology as a kind of waterless fracturing technology has received extensive attention in recent years. In order to investigate the evolution law of fissure structure and seepage characteristics of coal samples under LN2 freezing and freeze–thaw, the evolution of fissure of coal samples before and after LN2 freeze–thaw was monitored by micro-computed tomography, the change of permeability of coal samples under different LN2 freezing time and freeze–thaw cycles was measured, and the damage mechanism of LN2 freezing and freeze–thaw to coal was discussed. The experimental results show that (1) LN2 freeze–thaw can cause the shrinkage of the coal matrix, resulting in damage to the fissure structure of the coal sample, which promotes the initiation, expansion, and extension of fissure of coal sample to form new fissure and, finally, forms a fracture network. (2) The permeability and the increment of permeability of coal samples increase with increase of LN2 freezing time and the number of freeze–thaw cycles under different gas pressure and confining pressure condition. (3) Under the same freezing time, the permeability growth rate of coal samples under LN2 freeze–thaw condition is significantly greater than that of coal samples under LN2 freezing condition. (4) The frost-heave force and thermal stress are the main factors leading to the damage, promoting fissure formation and increasing permeability of coal samples LN2 freezing and freeze–thaw. This study provides a theoretical basis for the understanding of fracturing technology with LN2.
Adaptive synapse-based neuron model with heterogeneous multistability and riddled basins
Authors: Bao H. , Zhang J. , Wang N. , Kuznetsov N. V. , Bao B. C.
Published: December 2022

Biological neurons can exhibit complex coexisting multiple firing patterns dependent on initial conditions. To this end, this paper presents a novel adaptive synapse-based neuron (ASN) model with sine activation function. The ASN model has time-varying equilibria with the variation of externally applied current and its equilibrium stability involves transitions between stable and unstable points through fold and Hopf bifurcations, resulting in complex distributions of attractive regions with heterogeneous multi-stability. Globally coexisting heterogeneous behaviors are studied by bifurcation diagram, phase portrait, dynamical distribution, and basin of attraction. The results show that the number of coexisting heterogeneous attractors can be up to 12, but for a simple neuron model, such a large number of coexisting heterogeneous attractors has not been reported in the relevant literature. Most interestingly, the ASN model also has riddled-like complex basins of attraction and four illustrative examples are depicted by the phase portraits with small changes of the initial conditions. Besides, the ASN model is implemented using a simple microcontroller platform, and various heterogeneous coexisting attractors are acquired experimentally to validate the numerical results.
Probing the topological band structure of diffusive multiterminal Josephson junction devices with conductance measurements
Authors: Chandrasekhar Venkat
Published: December 2022

The energy of an Andreev bound state in a clean normal metal in contact with two superconductors disperses with the difference Δϕ in the superconducting phase between the superconductors in much the same way as the energies of electrons in a one-dimensional crystal disperse with the crystal momentum k of the electrons. A normal metal with n superconductors maps onto a n − 1 dimensional crystal, each dimension corresponding to the phase difference Δϕi between a specific pair of superconductors. The resulting band structure as a function of the phase differences {Δϕi} in such ballistic devices has been proposed to have a topological nature with gapped regions characterized by different Chern numbers separated by regions where the gap in the quasiparticle spectrum closes. A similar complex evolution of the quasiparticle spectrum with {Δϕi} has also been predicted for diffusive normal metals in contact with multiple superconductors. While the underlying topological description is different in diffusive devices, gapped regions of the band diagram associated with different topological indices are also separated by regions where the gap closes. Here, we show that the variation of the density of states at the Fermi energy of such a system can be directly probed by relatively simple conductance measurements, allowing rapid characterization of the energy spectrum.
Turbulence via intermolecular potential: A weakly compressible model of gas flow at low Mach number
Authors: Abramov Rafail V.
Published: December 2022

In our recent works, we proposed a theory of turbulence in inertial gas flow via the mean field effect of an intermolecular potential. We found that, in inertial flow, turbulence indeed spontaneously develops from a laminar initial condition, just as observed in nature and experiments. However, we also found that density and temperature behave unrealistically in our inertial flow model. The goal of the current work is to demonstrate the technical possibility of modeling compressible, turbulent flow at a low Mach number where both density and temperature behave in a more realistic fashion. Here, we focus on a new treatment of the pressure variable, which constitutes a compromise between compressible, incompressible, and inertial flow. Similar to incompressible flow, the proposed equation for the pressure variable is artificial, rather than derived directly from kinetic formulation. However, unlike that for incompressible flow, our pressure equation only damps the divergence of velocity, instead of setting it directly to zero. We find that turbulence develops in our weakly compressible model much like it does in the inertial flow model, but density and temperature behave more realistically.
Control of vortex-induced vibration of an elastically mounted cylinder with a pair of porous rods
Authors: Chen Jingle , Wu Jie
Published: December 2022

In this work, the control of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of an elastically mounted cylinder with a pair of porous rods is numerically investigated at a Reynolds number of 150. To calculate the forces on the moving porous media, an efficient formula based on the momentum theorem is proposed. The porous rods are placed behind the cylinder at an angle of 25°, and the effects of the gap ratio (G) and permeability of the porous rods (Da) on the VIV are studied in detail. Based on the results obtained, it is found that at small G, the VIV is suppressed mainly through the action of shear-layer separation and reattachment. In addition, better performance of VIV control can be achieved by using porous rods with lower Da. As G increases, the porous rods maintain good performance, while solid rods enhance the vibration, the latter being caused by the interaction between the vortices shed from the main cylinder and the rods. The best control effect is achieved by using porous rods at Da = 0.0001 and G = 0.7. The corresponding reductions of vibration amplitude, drag force, and lift force are 85%, 33%, and 84%, respectively.
Dynamics of condensate film in the vicinity of a pulling vapor stream
Authors: Kar Uttam Kumar , Sengupta Sayantan , Pramanik Shantanu
Published: December 2022

This article introduces eight possible film configurations that appear when a rising vapor stream condenses on a vertical surface. These configurations include hanging film, falling film, falling film with zero interface velocity, partly falling film, bidirectional film, partly rising film, transition film, and rising film. We develop a theoretical framework to predict condensate dynamics and heat transfer. The results show that the entire film morphology depends on a subcooling parameter (H) and a characteristic number (ϒN). Here, ϒN is the ratio of the relative Froude number and the film Reynolds number, which increases continuously from falling to rising configurations. Our analysis shows that a falling film's heat transfer and condensation rates increase as subcooling (H) increases. However, increasing H for partly falling films reduces the condensation rate, hindering the overall heat transfer. We demonstrate that the falling films produce the maximum condensate within a particular range of H; however, the maximum shifts to transition films beyond this range. As H increases, the transition films are attained at a smaller ϒN. We have identified five physical mechanisms that subtly govern the film dynamics: gravity, wall shear, interfacial shear, near wall mass-flux deficit, and interfacial mass entrainment. Concurrent participation of these mechanisms yields complex streamlines and spiral vortices.
Introduction to Atom–Laser Dynamics
Authors: Nikolopoulos Lampros A. A.
Published: December 2022

The main quantum theoretical approaches to calculate the interaction dynamics of an atomic system with a laser pulse are briefly presented in the form of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) and the time-dependent perturbation theory. The presentation is restricted to single-active electron ionization. First- and second-order perturbation theory is applied in the TDSE.
Spatial Approximation
Authors: Nikolopoulos Lampros A. A.
Published: December 2022

The emphasis here is on the spatial part of the TDSE; it's represented either via its grid or a basis representation, these are used to illustrate the transformation of the TDSE to a matrix algebra problem, either as a system of linear equations or as an eigenvalue problem. Finite differences is applied as a local approximation method of the equation while a trigonometric basis is used as an example of a global approximation method of the solution. Finally, the B-splines basis, a basis standing in between these two extremes, a piecewise polynomial basis with limited spatial support, is introduced and its algebraic properties are discussed.
Time Approximation
Authors: Nikolopoulos Lampros A. A.
Published: December 2022

TDSEs can be formulated as a system of initial-value differential equations; a brief account of solution methods is given, not intended to be exhaustive or thorough but to present a line of thinking. Among others some attention is given to Crank–Nicolson and the Lanczos subspace approaches; the first due to its simplicity and the second due to its ability to deal with large scale matrix-free problems.
Laser Pulses
Authors: Nikolopoulos Lampros A. A.
Published: December 2022

Elementary Classical electrodynamics theory of pulse is discussed. The simplest possible models of Fourier-transform limited laser pulses are introduced with Gaussian and Hann envelope. Its frequency content and the power spectrum is also discussed.
TDSE as a Space–Time Differential Equation
Authors: Nikolopoulos Lampros A. A.
Published: December 2022

In the position representation, the TDSE becomes a partial differential equation in space and time. A standard numerical solution method is to discretize the solution in space and/or time, effectively leading to its matrix counterpart problem, ideally suited for modern computational processors. Moreover, the reduction of the equation to a lower dimensionality via the separation-ofvariables method is at the heart of any numerical method, being a widely used solution approach. In this chapter, the discretization procedure for the free motion of a wavepacket in finite space and the associated artificial boundary conditions are discussed. The discrete eigenstates of the finite Hamiltonian are actually (localized) wavepacket solutions of the physical Hamiltonian, so they are perfectly legal quantum states.
TDSE of Hydrogen
Authors: Nikolopoulos Lampros A. A.
Published: December 2022

In this chapter, the main formulas are presented for post-processing the results of calculating the atomic time-dependent wavefunction. The quantities of interest include the ionization yield, the angular and kinetic energy distributions of the ejected photoelectron, and the frequency spectrum of the generated harmonic radiation. The discussion is not exhaustive, but the basic ideas are presented. The atomic wavefunction is assumed to be known in terms of either its spectral decomposition coefficients or its values on a radial grid.
Ionization Dynamics of Wavepackets
Authors: Nikolopoulos Lampros A. A.
Published: December 2022

In this chaper, a space—time approach is developed for the theory of photoionization of a wavepackect in the presence of a weak field. The close relationship between the phase shifts and time-delayed signals is demonstrated, and the differential ionization probability is related to the amplitude of the ionized wavepacket.
Physics Nobel honors foundational quantum entanglement experiments
Authors: Hill Heather M.
Published: December 2022

The laureates brought the conceptual features of quantum physics back to mainstream interest.
Giant telescopes take small but significant steps toward realization
Authors: Feder Toni
Published: December 2022

Can closer communication with Native Hawaiians turn the tide for the Thirty Meter Telescope?
From canopy to single flowers: a downscale approach to flowering of the invasive species
Authors: Vicente Sara , Giovanetti Manuela , Trindade Helena , Máguas Cristina
Published: December 2022

Context Acacia longifolia is a native legume of south-eastern Australia and Tasmania and is invasive in many parts of the world. A key feature to its success is the production of a high quantity of flowers every season, resulting in a massive seedbank that remains dormant in the soil for decades. Many studies have been performed on this species’ reproductive biology, but none has focused on flowering in detail. Aims Our main objective was to understand this species’ resource allocation strategy that ensures its successful reproduction in the invasive range. Methods We developed an integrative approach, assessing flowering at different levels, namely, canopy and branch flowering (macro scale), downscaling to individual flower functional stages and their duration, pollen longevity and stigma receptivity (micro scale). We performed this study in three different locations in sand dunes along the Portuguese coast with different environmental conditions. Key results Canopy flowering shows no difference among sites. Pollen and stigma assessment showed that this species is protogynous, with the stigma being highly receptive long before pollen is released. Once released, pollen lasts roughly 72 h. Individual flowers are relatively short-lived, with a rapid progression from closed flower buds to fully open flowers. Implications Our results indicated that A. longifolia has a resource trade-off strategy of investing in flowers and pollen that are relatively short-lived, which are counterbalanced by their massive quantities.
Highly efficient reprogrammable mouse lines with integrated reporters to track the route to pluripotency
Authors: Elbaz Judith , Puri Mira C. , Faiz Maryam , Bang K. W. Annie , Nguyen Lena , Makovoz Bar , Gertsenstein Marina , Hussein Samer M. I. , Zandstra Peter W. , Briollais Laurent , Shakiba Nika , Nagy Andras
Published: December 2022

Revealing the molecular events associated with reprogramming different somatic cell types to pluripotency is critical for understanding the characteristics of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) therapeutic derivatives. Inducible reprogramming factor transgenic cells or animals—designated as secondary (2°) reprogramming systems—not only provide excellent experimental tools for such studies but also offer a strategy to study the variances in cellular reprogramming outcomes due to different in vitro and in vivo environments. To make such studies less cumbersome, it is desirable to have a variety of efficient reprogrammable mouse systems to induce successful mass reprogramming in somatic cell types. Here, we report the development of two transgenic mouse lines from which 2° cells reprogram with unprecedented efficiency. These systems were derived by exposing primary reprogramming cells containing doxycycline-inducible Yamanaka factor expression to a transient interruption in transgene expression, resulting in selection for a subset of clones with robust transgene response. These systems also include reporter genes enabling easy readout of endogenous
Oct4
activation (GFP), indicative of pluripotency, and reprogramming transgene expression (mCherry). Notably, somatic cells derived from various fetal and adult tissues from these 2° mouse lines gave rise to highly efficient and rapid reprogramming, with transgene-independent iPSC colonies emerging as early as 1 wk after induction. These mouse lines serve as a powerful tool to explore sources of variability in reprogramming and the mechanistic underpinnings of efficient reprogramming systems.
Trajectories for the evolution of bacterial CO
2
-concentrating mechanisms
Authors: Flamholz Avi I. , Dugan Eli , Panich Justin , Desmarais John J. , Oltrogge Luke M. , Fischer Woodward W. , Singer Steven W. , Savage David F.
Published: December 2022

Cyanobacteria rely on CO
2
-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) to grow in today’s atmosphere (0.04% CO
2
). These complex physiological adaptations require ≈15 genes to produce two types of protein complexes: inorganic carbon (Ci) transporters and 100+ nm carboxysome compartments that encapsulate rubisco with a carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme. Mutations disrupting any of these genes prohibit growth in ambient air. If any plausible ancestral form—i.e., lacking a single gene—cannot grow, how did the CCM evolve? Here, we test the hypothesis that evolution of the bacterial CCM was “catalyzed” by historically high CO
2
levels that decreased over geologic time. Using an
E. coli
reconstitution of a bacterial CCM, we constructed strains lacking one or more CCM components and evaluated their growth across CO
2
concentrations. We expected these experiments to demonstrate the importance of the carboxysome. Instead, we found that partial CCMs expressing CA or Ci uptake genes grew better than controls in intermediate CO
2
levels (≈1%) and observed similar phenotypes in two autotrophic bacteria,
Halothiobacillus neapolitanus
and
Cupriavidus necator
. To understand how CA and Ci uptake improve growth, we model autotrophy as colimited by CO
2
and HCO
3
−
, as both are required to produce biomass. Our experiments and model delineated a viable trajectory for CCM evolution where decreasing atmospheric CO
2
induces an HCO
3
−
deficiency that is alleviated by acquisition of CA or Ci uptake, thereby enabling the emergence of a modern CCM. This work underscores the importance of considering physiology and environmental context when studying the evolution of biological complexity.
The kinase occupancy of T cell coreceptors reconsidered
Authors: Mørch Alexander M. , Schneider Falk , Jenkins Edward , Santos Ana Mafalda , Fraser Scott E. , Davis Simon J. , Dustin Michael L.
Published: December 2022

The sensitivity of the αβ T cell receptor (TCR) is enhanced by the coreceptors CD4 and CD8αβ, which are expressed primarily by cells of the helper and cytotoxic T cell lineages, respectively. The coreceptors bind to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and associate intracellularly with the Src-family kinase Lck, which catalyzes TCR phosphorylation during receptor triggering. Although coreceptor/kinase occupancy was initially believed to be high, a recent study suggested that most coreceptors exist in an Lck-free state, and that this low occupancy helps to effect TCR antigen discrimination. Here, using the same method, we found instead that the CD4/Lck interaction was stoichiometric (~100%) and that the CD8αβ/Lck interaction was substantial (~60%). We confirmed our findings in live cells using fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) to measure coreceptor/Lck codiffusion in situ. After introducing structurally guided mutations into the intracellular domain of CD4, we used FCCS to also show that stoichiometric coupling to Lck required an amphipathic α-helix present in CD4 but not CD8α. In double-positive cells expressing equal numbers of both coreceptors, but limiting amounts of kinase, CD4 outcompeted CD8αβ for Lck. In T cells, TCR signaling induced CD4/Lck oligomerization but did not affect the high levels of CD4/Lck occupancy. These findings help settle the question of kinase occupancy and suggest that the binding advantages that CD4 has over CD8 could be important when Lck levels are limiting.
A step in the right direction? Analyzing the Wess Zumino Dark Radiation solution to the Hubble tension
Authors: Schöneberg Nils , Franco Abellán Guillermo
Published: December 2022

The Wess Zumino Dark Radiation (WZDR) model first proposed in [1] shows great promise as a well-motivated simple explanation of the Hubble tension between local and CMB-based measurements, reducing the tension from 4.8σ to around 2.7σ. In this work we investigate the assumptions made in the original proposal and confront the model with additional independent data sets. We show that the original assumptions can have an impact on the overall results but are usually well motivated. If one assumes that the abundance of the WZDR is already produced during times relevant for big bang nucleosynthesis, the ability of the model to ease the Hubble tension is restricted. We further demonstrate that the preference for negative Ω
k
observed in Planck data remains at a similar level as for the ΛCDM model, while the AL
tension is slightly increased. Furthermore, the tension between Planck data for ℓ < 800 and ℓ ≥ 800 is significantly reduced for the WZDR model.
The Planck-independent data sets show slightly more permissive bounds on the Hubble parameter, allowing the tension to be further reduced from 2.7σ to 2.1σ (CMB-independent) or 1.9σ (ACT+WMAP). However, no combination shows a large preference for the presence of WZDR. We also investigate whether additional dark radiation-dark matter interactions can help in easing the S
8 tension as well. Assuming all of the dark matter to be interacting and a temperature-independent scattering rate, we find that the CMB data are too restrictive on this additional component as to allow a significant decrease in the clustering.
Efficacy of auxin foliar application on the growth and yield of green Romaine (Lactuca sativa L. var. Jericho) grown under nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic system
Authors: Md Zain N , Zainal M D , Bakar T H S T Abu , Zakaria S , Mukhtar N K , Naher L
Published: December 2022

Green Romaine (Lactuca sativa L. var. Jericho) is one of Malaysia’s trendiest salad greens. It provides many nutrients which vital for human health and body maintenance. This phenomenon has led to an increased in green Romaine production in Malaysia. However, there are several limitations to cultivate this vegetable since conventional planting techniques are still practiced in Malaysia. The present study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of auxin foliar application on the growth performance and yield of green Romaine grown under the nutrient film technique hydroponic system. The green Romaine was treated with three different application rates of auxin (Indole-3-Acetic Acid); T0, control (0.0 ppm), T1 (50.0 ppm), T2 (100.0 ppm) and T3 (150.0 ppm). The mean value of growth and yield of green Romaine were significantly increased at a lower concentration of auxin application (T1). At this lower application rate, the leaves number of green Romaine significantly increased (P≤0.05) with mean value ranging from 17.0 to 22.0 leaves per plant as compared to the T0, T2 and T3. However, all treated plants do not show any significant increase in term of chlorophyll content. The yields of green Romaine (fresh weight and dry weight) exhibit similar pattern where the auxin foliar application at T1 significantly increased the mean value of the yield parameters with 113.0 – 130.0 g of plant fresh weight while 7.0-10.0 g of plant dry weight as compared to the highest concentration of T3, respectively. This result suggested that a low concentration of auxin helps to increase the growth performance and yield of green Romaine, thus highlights its potential as an effective plant growth promoter for plant grown under hydroponic system.
Geotourism Potential of Lata Terubong (Lata Turbo), Jeli, Kelantan
Authors: Sulaiman N , Lee R Z Hishamuddin , Sulaiman N , Jamil R Muhammad
Published: December 2022

The study area is located in Jeli District, Kelantan, between 5°39’50”N and 101°41’20”E. With the existence of numerous geological structures, Lata Terubong has several distinct geological features. In general, the study area are composed of sandstone and acid intrusion of granite from Jeli Igneous Complex. The goals of this study are to i) determine the geo-tourism potential in Lata Terubong, and ii) create a list of possible geo-tourism activities in Lata Terubong. This study used the assessment of geoheritage values as quantitative assessment and survey method as the qualitative assessment.The location has good Aesthetical and Recreational values, according to the study. Swimming, picnics, and photography sessions are some of the geotourism activities that has been done there. As a result, it is critical to protect and conserve the geological tourist region from the threat of rapid development in order to safeguard its long-term viability.
Geoheritage Potential of Bukit Panau, Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Sulaiman N , Muchtar A B Achmad , Jemali N J N
Published: December 2022

Bukit Panau (Panau Hill) is an isolated hill located in Pasir Mas District, in between Tanah Merah and Pasir Mas town, in the state of Kelantan, Malaysia. It is increasingly popular with tourists, especially those who enjoy trekking. The first discovery of Sauropod in this location was a piece of shocking news for not only Kelantan, but also the whole country. However, there are many arguments regarding the actual existence of this fossil in this area. Bukit Panau is geologically composed of igneous and sedimentary rocks. This paper aims to assess the geoheritage potential of Bukit Panau based on three stages: the qualitative assessment, quantitative assessment and evaluation. The qualitative assessment focused on identifying the geodiversity, geoheritage values, scope, scale and level of significance. The quantitative evaluation was split into two parts: one for possible geotourism sites, and the other just for potential for geoheritage based on calculations and an equation that was provided. SWOT analysis was the final technique, which was evaluation. Based on this study at Bukit Panau, five geoheritage values have been identified: scientific, aesthetic, recreational, cultural, and ecological values.The level of significance for this area is regional and the geoheritage feature scale is small to medium based on our assessment. The quantitative assessment showed that this study area was about right to become a geotourism site and high in terms of geoheritage potential.
Energy Subsidies and Environmental Quality: Evidence from Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Abdulwakil M M , Abdul-Rahim A S , Sulaiman C , Alsaleh M , Bah M M
Published: December 2022

Applying the least square dummy variable corrected (LSDVC) method, this study examines the impact of energy subsidies on the environmental quality of 70 low- and middle-income countries over the 2010–2019 period. The results indicate a positive impact of energy subsidies on environmental degradation. Also, the estimated results suggest a significant negative relationship between energy subsidies and environmental degradation in low-income countries after decomposing the countries into income categories (low income, lower middle income, and upper middle income). In addition, the results validate the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in the full panel. Similarly, while environmental pollution increases in the upper-middle-income and lower-middle-income countries as foreign direct investment (FDI) increases, the low-income countries show a positive effect of FDI on environmental quality, which indicates that pollution levels in these countries decrease as the net inflow of FDI increases. On the other hand, the result suggests that population density generally increases environmental pollution. These findings provide information and a clear understanding of the influence of energy subsidies on environmental quality and call on regulators and policymakers to carefully review energy subsidy policies.