bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of a Fluorescence Imaging Device to Detect Elevated Bacterial Loads, Enhance Antimicrobial Stewardship, and Increase Communication Across Inpatient Complex Wound Care Teams
Authors: DasGupta Tracey , Rashleigh Laura , Zhou Kevin , Williamson Liz , Schneider Susan , Muhammad Sukaina , Xu Manry , Chadwick Stephanie , Rego Kathryn , Jeschke Marc , Shahrokhi Shahriar , Lam Leslie , Sitartchouk Leda , Di Prospero Lisa
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Wounds are increasing in number and complexity within the hospital inpatient system, and coordinated and dedicated wound care along with the use of emerging technologies can result in improved patient outcomes. Objective. This prospective implementation study at 2 hospital inpatient sites examines the effect of bedside fluorescence imaging of wounds in the detection of elevated bacterial loads and its location in/around the wound on the inpatient wound population. Materials and Methods. Clinical assessment and fluorescence imaging assessments were performed on 26 wounds in 21 patients. Treatment plans were recorded after the clinical assessment and again after fluorescence imaging, and any alterations made to the treatment plans after imaging were noted. Results. Prior to fluorescence imaging, antimicrobial use in this patient population was common. An antimicrobial dressing, a topical antibiotic, or an oral antibiotic was prescribed in 23 wounds (88% of assessments), with antimicrobial dressings prescribed 73% of the time. Based on clinical assessment, more than half of the treated wounds were deemed negative for suspected infection. In 12 of 26 wounds, the fluorescence imaging information on bacterial presence had the potential to prompt a change in whether an antimicrobial dressing was prescribed. Five of these 12 wounds were fluorescence imaging-positive and an antimicrobial drug was not prescribed, whereas 7 of the 12 wounds were negative upon fluorescence imaging and clinical assessment but antimicrobial dressing was prescribed. Overall, fluorescence imaging detected 70% more wounds, with bacterial fluorescence indicating elevated bacterial loads, compared with clinical assessment alone, and use of imaging resulted in altered treatment plans in 35% of cases. Conclusions. Fluorescence imaging can aid in antimicrobial stewardship goals by supporting evidence-based decision-making at the point of care. In addition, use of such imaging resulted in increased communication, enhanced efficiency, and improved continuity of care between wound care providers and hospital sites.
AİLE İÇİ ŞİDDETİN KADIN SAĞLIĞINA ETKİSİ ve HEMŞİRELİK YAKLAŞIMI
Authors: BERBER Münevver Aybüke , HOTUN ŞAHİN Nevin
Published: October 2022

Şiddet yaşamın her alanında varlığını sürdüren ve dünyada görülme oranı giderek artmakta olan önemli bir toplum sağlığı sorunudur. Aile içi şiddetin gerek dünyada gerekse ülkemizde kadın sağlığını tehdit eden önemli bir sorun olduğu bilinmektedir. Aile içi şiddet kadın sağlığını fiziksel, mental ve sosyal yönden olumsuz etkilediği kadar cinsel sağlık ve üreme sağlığını da tehdit etmektedir. Aile içi şiddetin kadın sağlığı üzerindeki başlıca olumsuz etkileri; fiziksel travmalar, depresyon, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, anksiyete, alkol ve madde kötüye kullanımı, cinsel yolla bulaşan enfeksiyonlar (CYBE), anormal vajinal kanama, istenmeyen gebelikler, isteyerek güvenli olmayan ortamlarda gerçekleştirilen düşükler ve gebelik komplikasyonlarıdır. Kadına yönelik aile içi şiddetin önlenmesinde toplumun her kesimi ile yakın temas halinde bulunan hemşirelere önemli görevler düşmektedir. Bu kapsamda söz konusu derleme ulusal ve uluslararası güncel literatür taranarak yazılmış olup, aile içi şiddetin kadın sağlığına etkilerinin ve hemşirelik yaklaşımının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Attaining Individual Creativity and Performance in Multidisciplinary and Geographically Distributed IT Project Teams: The Role of Transactive Memory Systems
Authors:   Texas Tech University, He Wei , Po-An J. J. ,   Georgia State University, Schroeder Andreas ,   Aston University, Fang Yulin ,   The University of Hong Kong
Published: October 2022

Contemporary IT project teams demand that individual members generate and implement novel ideas in response to the dynamic changes in IT and business requirements. Firms rely on multidisciplinary, geographically distributed IT project teams to gather the necessary talent, regardless of their locations, for developing novel IT artifacts. In this team context, individuals are expected to leverage dissimilar others’ expertise for creating ideas during idea generation (IG) and then implement their ideas during idea implementation (II), known as the IGII process. Although much has been done to explain individual creativity, the extant literature offers little theoretical understanding on how to address the double-edged effects of dispersions in both functional expertise (ExpDisp) and geographical locations (GeoDiss)—the two defining characteristics of multi-disciplinary, cross-locational IT project teams—on individual creativity and subsequent performance. Drawing on the IGII framework, we propose transactive memory systems (TMSs) as a plausible team-level solution to tackle the challenge. With a multi-wave multi-level dataset from 141 members and their supervisors from 35 IT project teams, we found that team-level TMS and GeoDiss interactively moderate individual-level IGII processes in multi-disciplinary geographically-distributed IT project teams during both II and IG, but in qualitatively different ways.
Enterprise Systems and the Likelihood of Horizontal, Vertical, and Conglomerate Mergers and Acquisitions
Authors:   Baruch College, Cao Chengxin , Ray Gautam ,   University of Minnesota, Subramani Mani ,   University of Minnesota, Gupta Alok ,   University of Minnesota
Published: October 2022

This paper examines the relationship between enterprise systems (ES) and the likelihood of mergers and acquisitions (M&A). The key argument is that since ES can reduce agency costs associated with internal coordination and the transaction cost of coordinating with external partners, ES may be related to the likelihood of M&A. Using a sample of 3,289 firms headquartered in North America from 2010 to 2018 that made 8,373 M&A deals, the empirical analysis suggests that ES are positively related to horizontal acquisitions and negatively related to conglomerate acquisitions. However, as internal coordination costs increase, ES are becoming associated with more conglomerate M&A, especially when the goal is to introduce new products and enter new markets. Also, in contexts where partners require transaction specific investments, ES are associated with a relative decrease in the number of horizontal and vertical M&A. These findings suggest that ES create options for managers to engage in ownership as well as information-based coordination, depending on the internal and external coordination costs as well as the goals of the organization.
How Information Contributed After an Idea Shapes New High-Quality Ideas in Online Ideation Contests
Authors:   Stevens Institute of Technology, Lindberg Aron , Majchrzak Ann ,   University of Southern California, Malhotra Arvind ,   University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Published: October 2022

Findings on how prior high-quality ideas affect the quality of subsequent ideas in online ideation contests have been mixed. Some studies find that high-quality ideas lead to subsequent high-quality ideas, while others find the opposite. Based on computationally intensive exploratory research, utilizing theory on blending of mental spaces, we suggest that the effects of prior ideas on the generation of subsequent ideas depend on the alignment of (1) crowd participants’ subjective quality assessments of prior ideas and (2) subsequent problemrelated contributions made by the crowd. When a prior idea is assessed as high-quality, this motivates the crowd to emulate that idea. When this motivation is aligned with subsequent contributions that expand the mental space of the prior idea, a new high-quality idea can be created. In contrast, when a prior idea is assessed as low-quality, it motivates the crowd to redirect away from that idea. When this motivation is aligned with subsequent contributions that shift the mental space of the prior idea, a new high-quality idea can be created. The mixed findings in the literature can then be explained by a failure to consider non-idea information contributions made by the crowd.
A Robust Inference Method for Decision-Making in Networks
Authors:   University of Georgia, Schecter Aaron , Nohadani Omid ,   Benefits Science Technology, Contractor Noshir ,   Northwestern University
Published: October 2022

Social network data collected from digital sources is increasingly being used to gain insights into human behavior. However, while these observable networks constitute an empirical ground truth, the individuals within the network can perceive the network’s structure differently—and they often act on these perceptions. As such, we argue that there is a distinct gap between the data used to model behaviors in a network, and the data internalized by people when they actually engage in behaviors. We find that statistical analyses of observable network structure do not consistently take these discrepancies into account, and this omission may lead to inaccurate inferences about hypothesized network mechanisms. To remedy this issue, we apply techniques of robust optimization to statistical models for social network analysis. Using robust maximum likelihood, we derive an estimation technique that immunizes inference to errors such as false positives and false negatives, without knowing a priori the source or realized magnitude of the error. We demonstrate the efficacy of our methodology on real social network datasets and simulated data. Our contributions extend beyond the social network context, as perception gaps may exist in many other economic contexts.
Evaluating Information Technology Investments: Insights from Executives’ Trades
Authors:   Temple University, Havakhor Taha , Sabherwal Sanjiv ,   University of Texas at Arlington, Sabherwal Rajiv ,   University of Arkansas, Steelman Zachary ,   University of Arkansas
Published: October 2022

Performance impacts of investments in information technologies (ITs) are difficult to evaluate. External investors are further constrained by their lack of visibility into the firm’s intangible, complementary actions and capabilities, creating an information asymmetry between them and the firm’s executives. Building on signaling theory and the research on senior executives’ trades in a firm’s stock, this paper addresses the following question: How are the stock trades by a firm’s senior executives before a major IT investment by the firm associated with the future value to the firm from that IT investment? The results based on data on 2,898 publicly announced IT investments from 926 firms during 2002–2016 suggest that (1) the purchasing of a firm’s stock by its senior executives before a firm’s IT investment is associated with the investment’s longterm effect on firm value; (2) such stock purchases by a firm’s senior executives are associated with a stronger positive (negative) relationship between the IT’s newness and the long-term abnormal returns to firms emphasizing a revenue enhancement (cost reduction) IT strategy; (3) for firms pursuing a hybrid strategy, purchases by CIOs but not purchases by CEOs or the newness of IT are associated with firm value, and (4) purchases made by CIOs provide greater information about the IT investment’s impact on firm value than purchases made by CEOs. We further improve our predictive model’s accuracy from 75% for a model including the fit between IT newness and IT strategy to 80% and 91% when considering purchases by CEOs or CIOs, respectively, and 92% when considering purchases by both executives.
Crisis of the Common Good or Great Hope?
Authors: Haaz Ignace
Published: October 2022

Obiora F. Ike’s impressive amount of research texts on ethics can be found on Globethics.net Library. In general, there is no need to search for a justification of a life work and commitment to values, when a person reaches beyond a certain level of experience in life, in any field of professional work, even more in spiritual and ethical development. In the following lines I shall focus on the value of the common good for a person who not only had precise notions about a philosophical and theological concept, but taught by the example, believing integrity matters and integral development can be a life-long mission and altruistic commitment, even if life can be either simple or complicate.
Ethical Lapses in the Nigerian Higher Education System
Authors: Ngonso Blessed Frederick
Published: October 2022

This study uses secondary data to examine Obiora’s education ethics vis-à-vis the higher education system in Nigeria. The discourse centered on government educational agencies such as the National Universities Commission (NUC); National Board for Technical Education (NBTE); National Commis-sion for Colleges of Education (NCCE) and Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) and their roles in the management of the educational system in Nigeria. The study further highlights the ethical lapses in the tertiary education system in Nigeria. The researcher suggests that, the government should encourage private ownership of tertiary institutions, while the government through its agencies supervises them.
Review of Stückelberger, C. Globalance, Geneva: Globethics.net, 2020, p.620
Authors: Békefi Lajos
Published: October 2022

This is a book review of Stückelberger, Christoph, Globalance. Ethics Handbook of a Balanced World Post-Covid, Focus Series No. 57, 2020, 620pp. New second editions planned 2022. Translation of the Hungarian original: Békefi, Lajos. Globalance – Etikai kézikönyv a Covid utáni időkre - Könyvszemle - Békefi Lajos, Christoph Stückelberger, Ethics Handbook for a Balanced World post-Covid, Globethics.net ed., Genf, 2020. 620 p. In: Confessio Reformatus, 6pp. From Hungarian: I. Haaz, with editing and proofreading by Patrick Joseph Cannon.
Empowering Partnership
Authors: Housel Christine
Published: October 2022

This article aims to offer a general view of the work and the progress the Partnership and promotions team, placed at the core of the Globethics.net Foundation activities, has reached so far. Starting with a general view on its tasks and duties, Christine Housel opens the floor for the regional officers of the department to offer a personalized view and opinion on the relevant and pressing matters Globethics.net has to focus, or has focused on, locally. During this exposition, we will hear about the Partnership and promotion team’s commitment with students at all levels, its work to foster and nurture ethics in higher education on institutions worldwide, and the diversity and plurality held in itself, a clear embodiment of the pluralistic vocation of Globethics.net.
Analysis of Raman spectra with surface and nanocrystalline growth in carbon nitride thin films with nitrogen flow rate
Authors: Dash Ritambhara , Mohanta Pravanshu , Bhattacharyya Arnab
Published: October 2022

Raman spectroscopy of amorphous hydrogenated carbon nitride (a-C: H: N) films deposited by PECVD respectively were studied. The three stage Ferrari Robertson model was used to explain the structural modifications taking place. A competition between the cluster size growth and clustering itself was identified. A graphene to graphane conversion leading to hydrogen storage possibility in the films has been discussed. Higher nitrogen concentration also led to smoothening of the films. The growth of nanocrystallites took place which was evident through XRD.
Highly Porous and Drug Loaded Amorphous Solid Dispersions Microfiber Scaffolds of Indomethacin prepared by Melt Electrowriting
Authors: Keßler Larissa , Mirzaei Zeynab , Kade Juliane C. , Luxenhofer Robert
Published: October 2022

Melt electrowriting (MEW) is an additive manufacturing technology enabling the production of highly porous microfiber scaffolds, suggested in particular for use in biomedical applications, including drug delivery. indomethacin (IND) is a non-selective anti-inflammatory drug, for which sublingual delivery could offer advantages such as rapid absorption by the veins in the mouth floor while overcoming the side-effects of peroral delivery such as damage to gastrointestinal mucosa barrier. This study introduces MEW as a processing method to obtain rapid-dissolving drug releasing scaffolds, containing IND as a model drug, for sublingual drug delivery applications. For this, an amorphous solid dispersion of IND in combination of a novel poly(2-oxazoline) based amphiphilic triblock copolymer excipient is introduced, enabling ultra-high drug loading. We prepared highly porous, melt electrowritten drug-loaded scaffolds with different polymer:IND w/w ratios up to 1:2 and assessed their morphology, amorphicity, and IND release rate. The results show completely amorphous dispersion of the polymer and drug after MEW processing resulting in smooth and uniform fibers, and rapid dissolution of the polymer. These first water soluble melt electrowritten IND-loaded microfiber scaffolds break ground as a model for rapid sublingual delivery of ultra-high drug loaded amorphous solid dispersions.
Economic Evaluation of Infrastructures for Thermochemical Upcycling of Post-Consumer Plastic Waste
Authors: Ma Jiaze , Tominac Philip , Aguirre-Villegas Horacio , Olafasakin Olumide , Mba-Wright Mark , Benson Craig H. , Huber George W. , Zavala Victor M.
Published: October 2022

Thermochemical technologies, such as pyrolysis, offer a potentially scalable pathway for upcycling diverse types of plastic waste (PW) into value-added chemicals. However, deploying these technologies in waste management infrastructures is not straightforward because such systems involve a wide range of interdependent stakeholders, processing facilities, and products. In this work, we present a holistic optimization framework that integrates value-chain analysis, techno-economic analysis, and life-cycle analysis for investigating the economic viability and environmental benefits of upcycling infrastructures that collect, sort, clean, and process post-consumer PW for producing virgin polymer resins. The framework is applied to a case study in the upper Midwest region of the US. Our analysis reveals that the infrastructures are economically viable and could activate a regional circular economy that generates over 1 billion USD in annual profit. Moreover, our analysis reveals that this economy can reduce the carbon footprint of PW incineration by half. Our framework also determines the inherent values of post-consumer PW and of derived products such as plastic bales and pyrolysis oil; we find that, in these infrastructures, PW becomes a highly valuable feedstock with a market value of 500 USD/tonne. We discuss how this market value can generate incentives that foster more effective waste pre-sorting practices by consumers that can help bypass material recycling facilities and increase total system profit.
Impacts of Polarizable Continuum Models on the SCF Convergence and DFT Delocalization Error of Large Molecules
Authors: Ren Fangning , Liu Fang
Published: October 2022

Advances in algorithm developments have enabled density functional theory (DFT) description of large molecules, including whole proteins, but the self-consistent field (SCF) convergence issues often hamper practical applications. The conductor-like polarizable continuum model (CPCM), although initially introduced as an implicit solvent model, was reported to improve SCF convergence in some large molecules. However, the underlying mechanisms and applicable use cases were unclear. We investigated the impacts of CPCM on the SCF convergence of 25 peptides and found that the CPCM only effectively reduced the SCF iterations for molecules with charge separations (e.g., the zwitterionic form of peptides) but had little effect on non-charge-separated molecules. We observed that CPCM increased the HOMO-LUMO gap of both the zwitterionic and non-charge-separated molecules, but only the charge-separated molecules suffered from the vanishing HOMO-LUMO gap problem in the gas phase which is the origin of the convergence issue. We revealed CPCM’s gap-opening mechanism as the selective stabilization/destabilization of molecular orbitals (MO) based on their local electrostatic environment. Compared to level-shifting, a traditional SCF improvement technique, CPCM has superior performance because the stabilization/destabilization of MOs is consistent through SCF iterations. Finally, we examined CPCM’s impacts on DFT density delocalization error (DDE) when used as an SCF accelerator. CPCM can mitigate the DDE and reproduce the density-derived properties (e.g., dipole moments) matching high-level methods when a very low dielectric constant is used but tends to over-localize the electron density at higher dielectric constants.
The presentation and the outcome of penetrating abdominal bullet injuries – Iraqi hospital based study
Authors:   Specialist in General and Laparoscopic Surgery, Baquba Teaching Hospital, Diyala, Iraq, Jarullah Abdullah Fouad , Akram Abed Bashar , Saleh Ibrahim Nazar
Published: October 2022

Background: In Iraq penetrating injuries to the abdomen caused by firearm are more common than stab wounds with remarkable mortality and morbidity. Early recognition of the injuries and immediate treatment are mandatory in saving the lives of many of those patients. Objective: To review the presentation and evaluate the early post-operative morbidity and mortality of abdominal bullet injuries in Baghdad teaching hospital. Patients and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 132 patients admitted to second surgical unit in Baghdad teaching hospital after sustaining bullet injury to the abdomen during the time period of one year from October 2013 to September 2014. Results: The most vulnerable age group involved, between 21-30 years comprised 71.2% of total. Male to female ratio was 43:1(male comprised 97.73%). It was observed that the majority of the injured patients were military personnel (83%), associated with high velocity missiles (81%). It was seen that 96.6% of patients had positive findings during laparotomy; small intestine was involved in the majority of the patients 42.6% followed by large intestine in 35.65%, then liver in 20.86%. Majority of the patients had involvement of two organs (42%), followed by one organ in (28%). The major postoperative complications were wound infection (28.6%), followed by chest infection in (24.4%). The major cause of death was septicaemia in 80%. Conclusion: Explorative laparotomy continues to be the most accurate method used to diagnose the presence of penetrating intra-abdominal injuries with a negative laparotomy rate of 3.4%. The mortality rate tended to be related to the number of intra-abdominal organs injuries; high rates of surgical site and chest infections were found and septicaemia was the chief cause of death after 48 hours. Hospital stays in our study were prolonged in comparison to other developed countries.
Chemical and microbiological properties of drinking water in the city of Baghdad
Authors:   Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, A Ghafil Jenan , Kadem Zghair Hameda , Khadem Zgair Ayaid
Published: October 2022

Background: The quality of drinking water is directly related to community health. Therefore, improving the quality of drinking reflects positively on the health situation in general. The studies that deal with the quality of drinking water in the city of Baghdad in terms of chemical or microbial content are very scanty. Objective: The current review highlights the most important studies and research articles that concern the quality of drinking water, both bottled water and tap water, in terms of chemical and biological contamination and chemophysical specifications for drinking water. Abstract: Studies have shown that drinking water in the city of Baghdad, especially tap water, contains certain levels of heavy metals, and some bacterial species have also been diagnosed in drinking water transmitted through taps. But the levels of most of them are within the international standards. Although there are some indications of chemical and biological contamination. Conclusion: Although the standard specifications for drinking water in the city of Baghdad are acceptable, the pollution indicators in both tap water and bottled water should be monitored seasonally.
Prevalence of Pediculosis in Baquba City, Diyala Province
Authors:   College of Medicine, University of Diyala , Diyala, Iraq, Jameel Abbod Raghad , Ghazal Noaman Nadhim
Published: October 2022

Background: Pediculosis capitis is an infectious disease caused by an ectoparasite human insect, can be seen with the naked eye, which often causes scalp itching, it is not a dangerous disease but annoying diseases. Pediculosis capitis is an endemic parasitosis affecting many countries of the world ,also it is prevalent in Iraq, often affects the children ,it is an ubiquitous problem in children have high resistance to some pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of pediculosis in Baquba city and to determine certain epidemiological criteria related to pediculosisز Patients and Methods: This cross-section study has been done on 155 patients affected by lice who were visit dermatological clinical out patient in Baquba teaching hospital Diyala, Iraq, from the first of November 2020 to the thirty of August 202, history and physical examination was done by the dermatologist, and a sheet of special questionnaire was used for every patient. Results: The results show that children less than 10 years were 59(38.06%) out of 155 who were mostly affected. It was more in females, they were 123(79.35%), while males they were 32(20.64%). Girls less than 10 had a higher percentage, 39(25.16%) out of 123 females, than other age groups. People living in urban and rural areas were equally affected; in urban areas they were 73(47.09%) while in rural areas they were 82(52.90%). Pediculosis was highly distributed among students; they were 58(37.41%) out of 155.The most significant symptom of pediculosis was scalp itching people who suffered from itching were 131(84.51%) while people who had no symptom were 24(15.48%). There was no relationship between pediculosis capitis infections and the family size. It was more prevalent in families living in overcrowded homes; they were 76(49.03%) out of 155 who had only two bedrooms. Pediculosis capitis was more common in summer months in April they were 21(15.54%) in May they were 24(16.48%) in June they were 21(15.54%) in July they were 22(14.19%). Conclusion: Pediculosis were more prevalent among school-age children, so we must spread awareness among the student about how lice are transmitted not to share hair comb or hair clips, also raising awareness of parents about the use of effective and beneficial treatments to eliminate the disease.
Three-point vs one-point palpation of temporomandibular joint. A clinical trial study
Authors:   Head of Scientific Council of Maxillofacial Specialties, Kurdistan Board of Medical Specialties ,Iraq, A Kheder Khrwatany Khurshid , H Shekhani Farman , Qader Ahmed Jamal
Published: October 2022

Background: Palpation is a crucial component of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) examination in identifying tenderness. One-finger one-point palpation has a high tendency for inappropriate application and misinterpretation. Objective: To evaluate three-point vs one-point palpation in determination of TMJ tenderness. Patients and Methods: The study included fourth and fifth-year students in the College of Dentistry/Hawler Medical University. All students were examined using both one-point and three-point techniques. Two essential elements were recorded for each TMJ: tenderness and clicking. Results: A total of 76 students (152 TMJs); 40 female and 37 male, were included. One-point TMJ tenderness was present in 41 (26.7%) and three-point TMJ tenderness was present in 114 (75%) TMJs (P=0.0001), with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 73%. Clicking, in three-point, 14 (9.21%), in one-point, 22 (14.47%) TMJs were with (P=0.2136) with a sensitivity of 18.42% and specificity of 71%. Conclusion: Three-point technique can be used for palpation of TMJ, especially for detection of joint tenderness. Better not to be used for clicking evaluation.
Prevalence of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Metformin
Authors:   Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq, M Raqib Talar , K Polus Ranan , S Mohammad Nawsherwan
Published: October 2022

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common public health problem in metabolism. Metformin is the oral hypoglycemic agent used as a first line together with life style modification in type 2 diabetes patients worldwide. Continuous metformin therapy increases the risk of vitamin B12 insufficiency, and its medical consequences in T2DM patients. Objective: To detect the prevalence of serum vitamin B12 deficiency in T2DM who has been treated with metformin in Erbil Province. Patients and Methods: The study involved 200 cases (100 patients and 100 controls) that met the study's basic criteria. A completed questionnaire, and a blood test for serum vitamin B12 levels were performed. A deficiency of vitamin B12 is defined as <160 pg/mL in serum vitamin B12. Results: Deficiency of serum vitamin B12 was found in 48% of patients (n=48), while HbA1c levels had no impact on this finding. In T2DM level of serum vitamin B12 that has been on metformin at a dose of ≤ 1 gm/ day shows a significant difference with those patients with no history of metformin use. Conclusion: Low levels of serum vitamin B12 came as a result of the overdosing of metformin for long period of treatment.
Interleukin 10 Gene Promoter Polymorphisms in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis
Authors:   Ministry of Health, Al-Shaab Specialized Dental Health Center, Baghdad, Iraq, Jumaa Abd-Alkareem Suhad , Luaiby Atrooz Ahmed , Dhia Hasan Noor
Published: October 2022

Background: The anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10 (IL 10), has a crucial role in periodontal diseases. The gene coding for this cytokine is pleomorphic. In the promoter region of the IL 10 gene, two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), IL10 1082 and IL 819, have been discovered to affect IL 10 expressions. Objective: To investigate the association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the interleukin 10 gene (IL-10-1082 G/A and IL-10-819 C/T) with CPO. Patients and Methods: A total of 64 patients with chronic periodontitis (CPO) and another 40 apparently healthy individuals were enrolled in this case-control study. The IL-10 gene was amplified with two specific sets of primers. Genotyping was achieved by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR). Results: The frequency of GG, GA and AA genotypes of the SNP IL-10-1082G/A among patients was 48.44%, 42.19% and 9.37% respectively, compared with 32.5%, 35% and 32.5% respectively, among controls. Logistic regression test revealed a significant difference in the frequency of AG (OR=0.19, 95%CI=0.06-0.62, P=0.006) and GG genotype (OR= 0.24, 95%CI=0.07-0.77, p=0.016) between patients and controls. Furthermore, the haplotype block GC (G allele of IL-10-1082G/A and C allele of IL-10-819 C/T) was more common in controls than patients (36.25% vs. 33.44%) with a significant difference (OR= 0.54, 95%CI= 0.29-0.99, p= 0.048). Conclusion: These data suggest that the IL-10-1082 G/A gene polymorphism could be a risk factor for CPO in Iraqi patients.
Statistical Study of Cancer in Diyala Provenance
Authors:   Baquba Teaching Hospital- Diyala- Iraq, Hasoon Mohammad Salam , A  Salman Ruaa
Published: October 2022

Background: Malignant neoplasms are a group of illnesses involving altered cell proliferation with the ability to invade or metastasize to other sites of the body. Not all neoplasms are malignant; benign neoplasms do not metastasize to other parts of the body. Objective: To To find out and subcategorize different types of malignant neoplasms in the Diyala and find the relationship with different criteria, including age, sex, grade….,etc. Patients and Methods: In order to conduct this retrospective study, 158 patients with malignant neoplasmas were chosen from the pathology laboratories spread throughout Provenance-Baquba City between February 2012 and December 2016. For all cases, we do statistical analysis for age, gender, tissue affected, type of surgery, kind of malignant neoplasm, grade, stage, and history of diagnosis and find the relationship of each of these factors with each other. Results: The highest kind of malignant neoplasm within the study was mammary carcinoma, which comprised 39 (24.9%); then dermal malignant neoplasm was 30 (18.9%); and malignant lymphoma was 12 (7.8%); the rest of the other 76 are other malignant neoplasms (48.4%). Conclusion: Mammary carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm in the Diyala Region (25 %), followed by dermal carcinoma (19%), and malignant lymphoma (8 %). Age (51–60 years) is a risk factor for malignant neoplasms in the Diyala Region.
Non-closure of the peritoneum during open appendicectomy decreases postoperative analgesia requirement
Authors:   College of Medicine, University of Diyala , Diyala, Iraq, Modher Khalaf Ahmed
Published: October 2022

Background: Acute appendicitis is considered the most common surgical emergency in both adults and children. Open rather than laparoscopic appendectomy is still the most commonly performed procedure. Objective: To assess the effect of non-closure of the peritoneum during appendectomy on postoperative pain and finally on the analgesia requirement. Patients and Methods: Two hundred patients underwent appendicectomy. The patients were divided into two equal groups; each had one hundred patients. Group 1 (control or closure Group) in which, the peritoneum is closed; in group 2 (study or non-closure Group), the peritoneum is left alone without closing it. Results: The mean pain score in the non-closure group was less compared to that in the closure group. A significant decrease in parenteral analgesia requirements was shown in the non-closure group compared to the closure group. Conclusion: Leaving the peritoneum not sutured during appendicectomy has a positive outcome on postoperative pain and decreases the requirement for analgesia.
How Important Are U.S. Capital Flows into Mexico?
Authors: Osterberg William P.
Published: October 2022

In November 1993, the U.S. Congress voted to pass the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) after months of heated debate about its likely impact on our economy. As a result of the intense focus on this issue, the public has benefited from a greater appreciation of the increased interdependence of the Mexican and U.S. economies. However, both the public debate and detailed analysis of the post-NAFTA economic environment have understated the importance of capital flows from the United States into Mexico.
Work engagement among millennial employees: The role of psychological capital and perceived organizational support
Authors: Gumilang Nabila Ayu , Indrayanti Indrayanti
Published: October 2022

Millennials, who have several values, perspectives, and habits different from previous generations, have dominated the profile of workers in Indonesia. Challenges and changes in the company require millennials to be engaged in their work. This study aimed to determine the work engagement of millennial employees through the role of psychological capital and perceived organizational support. The research participants were 225 millennial employees with a minimum working period of six months. The work engagement scale (UWES-17), Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), and Perceived Organizational Support Scale were used to collect the data. This research was conducted using quantitative methods and analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The results show that psychological capital and perceived organizational support simultaneously contribute to work engagement among millennial employees. Independently, psychological capital and perceived organizational support significantly predict work engagement. These findings indicate both personal factors and situational factors are needed to achieve work engagement. Thus, the finding represents the existence of positive psychological movement on work engagement through the lens of the psychological process mechanism at work.
The well-being of Indonesian university students during the pandemic: Smartphone use and sleep quality
Authors: Marella Bianca , Sameve Grace Eugenia
Published: October 2022

Online learning and the lack of social interactions during lockdown pushed numerous college students to live employing the internet and social media. This study investigates students' well-being and its associated factors in relation to smartphone use and sleep quality among Indonesian university students during the pandemic. A sample of 327 undergraduate students (68 males and 259 females) anonymously completed the Smartphone Addiction Scale – Short Version (SAS-SV), WHO-Five Wellbeing Index (WHO-5), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), along with several socio-demographic data via an online survey. The data was then analyzed with hierarchical linear regression. The results indicate that gender, perceived physical health, smartphone use, and sleep quality were associated with well-being in university students. The final model predicted 23.4 percent of the WHO-5 scores with a significant increase in predictive value by adding perceived physical health and sleep quality. Therefore to enhance well-being among Indonesian university students, suitable physical activities, good sleeping habits, and controlled smartphone use is needed.
The contribution of Abdul Raouf Al-Sinkaili (d.1693) to Astronomy and Calender (the Study of Philology of book entitled "Risalah fi at-Taqwim"
Authors: Rakhmadi Arwin Juli , Akrim Akrim , Syafruddin Masykur
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to identify the biography of Sheikh Abdul Raouf Al-Sinkili and his contribution to astronomy through his book "Risalah fi at-Taqwim”. This study applies qualitative research, which focuses on scientific biography. The data was obtained by analysing the content, which was conducted in three steps: (1) preparing the research, (2) preparing the manuscript “Risala fi at-taqwim” by Syeikh Abdul Raouf Al-Sankaili which is related to the research, and (3) analysing the manuscripts, including biographies of the author, astronomical developments, and the content analysis investigation. By analysing the manuscript’s contents, this research produces an overview and the contribution of Sheikh Abdul Raouf Al-Sinkaili to astronomy, especially in the calendar field.
A discursive analysis of Hijab removal: Identity and piety
Authors: Yunianti Fitria Sari
Published: October 2022

To veil and wear a proper dress are among the commands of Allah to Muslim women, stipulated in several verses in the Quran. The term hijab or jilbab is the most important term related to that issue. In Indonesia, wearing a hijab is identical to Muslim women’s identity and reflects their piety. However, when one decides to unveil, the negative stigma is unavoidable. This article examines women’s perception of the Quran on veiling command based on two aspects. To begin with, the women’s understanding of the encouragement of wearing hijab and the women’s perception of the verses after deciding to put off their veil. In this study, the theory of religious piety and identity is applied as a conceptual framework and discursive analysis as a method of analysis. This study will present a discursive analysis of women’s understanding of the veiling concept. Particularly on their motivation for wearing hijab, veiling experience, and unveiling reason.
Internalisasi nilai-nilai Islam dalam pembelajaran online di masa pandemi COVID-19 berbasis edutainment
Authors: Mubin Muh Fatkul
Published: October 2022

Pembelajaran online merupakan pilihan yang paling tepat dan terpopuler, dengan adanya penetapan pandemi COVID-19 oleh Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO). Namun, berbagai tantangan dan masalah baru bermunculan seperti akses internet yang terbatas, interaksi guru-siswa menjadi sempit, dan kesulitan bagi guru dalam mengontrol engagement siswa. Jenis penilitian ini kualitatif diskiptif interpretif dengan tujuan mendeskripsikan dan menginterpretasikan upaya dan tantangan guru dalam menginternalisasi nilai-nilai Islam dalam pembelajaran online. Data diperoleh melalui observasi kelas online, dokumentasi, dan wawancara semi terstruktur. Teknik analisis menggunakan model Miles and Huberman yaitu mereduksi data, memaparkan data, menarik kesimpulan. Studi ini menemukan bahwa ada tiga aspek nilai-nilai Islam yang diinternalisasikan yaitu aqidah, ibadah, dan akhlak melalui tiga tahapan yaitu transformasi, transaksi, dan transinternalisasi. Dua program internalisasi yaitu program umum dan khusus. Proses internalisasi online dengan aplikasi zoom atau google meet dan untuk program khusus di tambah check list di Google Forms. Beberapa tantangan bagi guru antara lain ketidakmauan siswa untuk tampil di depan kamera, berpartisipasi aktif, dan menyerahkan tugas mereka, yang semuanya menyebabkan kesulitan guru dalam mengontrol engagement siswa. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan gambaran mengenai permasalahan internalisasi nilai-nilai Islam dalam pembelajaran online dan alternatif pemecahannya berdasarkan prinsip edutainment.
ANALISIS FAKTOR RISIKO DERAJAT PREEKLAMPSIA PADA IBU HAMIL MULTIGRAVIDA DI RSUD RAA. SOEWONDO PATI
Authors: Rahmadhanti Salsabila , Handaria Diana , Anggraheny Hema Dewi
Published: October 2022

Preeklampsia adalah penyebab terbesar dari kematian ibu di RSUD RAA. Soewondo Pati. Dalam sebuah penelitian pada disebutkan bahwa kehamilan kedua serta ketiga berisiko mengalami kejadian preeklampsia sebesar 1,7 % dan 1,8 %. Tujuan dari penelitian yang dilakukan ini guna mendapatkan hasil hubungan antara usia, obesitas, riwayat hipertensi,idan riwayat preeklampsia/ eklampsiaaasebelumnya dengannkejadian preeklampsia yang dialami oleh ibu hamil multigravida di RSUD RAA. Soewondo Pati.Studi ini dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2022 memakai desain observasional analitik kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional berjumlah 100 sampel. Perolehan data ini memakai data sekunder yang diperoleh dalam bentuk data rekam medik pada bulan Januari-Desember 2020 dan dianalisis dengan mengaplikasikan uji chi square.Hasil uji chi square diperoleh faktor yang berkaitan dengan kejadian preeklampsia yakni obesitas (ρ-value=0,000), riwayat hipertensi (ρ-value=0,036), dan riwayat preeklampsia/ eklampsia sebelumnya (ρ-value=0,001).Faktor risiko yang berkaitan dengan kejadian preeklampsia pada multigravida adalah obesitas, riwayat hipertensi, dan riwayat preeklampsia/ eklampsia sebelumnya.
ANALISIS FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN PREEKLAMPSIA PADA IBU HAMIL YANG BERSALIN DI RSUD SAWERIGADING PALOPO
Authors: Fadhilah Mulkiyah Zul , Fitriani Rini , Gama Arlina Wiyata , Hartoko Rahadi Arie , Lutfi Muktar
Published: October 2022

Preeclampsia is one of the most common causes of death in pregnant women in addition to bleeding and infection. The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors associated with the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women who gave birth at Sawerigading Hospital Palopo. The method used in this study is an analytical observational method with a case control approach. The population was taken from pregnant women who gave birth at Sawerigading Hospital Palopo in the period January 2019 - October 2020. The sample selected used a simple random sampling technique with a total sample of 90 samples consisting of 45 case groups and 45 control groups according to the criteria. The data were univariately analyzed, and the chi-square test was 2x2 table with a significance level of sig p 0.05 and logistic regression test. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the variables of maternal age during pregnancy (p=0.803), gravida status (p=1,000), history of preeclampsia in Family history (p=0.557), and chronic history (p=0.153) did not have a significant relationship with the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women who gave birth at Sawerigading Hospital Palopo. The most dominant risk factor for the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women giving birth at Sawerigading Hospital Palopo is obesity (OR 5,632).
ANALISIS FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA USIA 6 BULAN – 23 BULAN DI PUSKESMAS PEKKAE KECAMATAN TANETE RILAU KABUPATEN BARRU TAHUN 2020
Authors: Fadillah Nur Alda , Delima Andi Alifia Ayu , Rahmadhani Rauly , Haruna Nadyah , Manda Ibrahim
Published: October 2022

Stunting is ashort body condition according to the age which exceed the 2 SD (Standard Deviation) deficit below the median length standard or the height of the age. A toddler with stunting shows the existence of long-term nutritional problems or chronic nutrition that can be affected by the condition of the mother or future mother, fetal period and infancy or toddler period, including the disease suffered during infancy period. The aim of this research was to find out the risk factor of stunting to the child aged 6-23 months in working area of Pekkae health care, Tanete Rilau, Barru Regency. This research was a quantitative research with observational analytic method and crossectional design. Sampling was obtained by using purposive sampling technique. The total of sample were 98 toddlers and their mother as a respondent. The data were analyzed by using the Chi-square p0.05 in the SPSS program. The result of this research showed that there was a significant relationship between the history of complementary feeding (p-value 0.031;1.36), infectious disease (p-value 0.005;1.41),  mother’s knowledge of toddler nutrition (p-value 0.031;1.36) and economic factor (p-value 0.000; 2,71) toward the stunting. There was no significant relationship between the history of exclusive breastfeeding, toddler immunization, maternal height and the mother’s last education level toward this stunting with p-value 0.005. The most dominant factor in this research was family economic factor.Keywords : toddler, stunting, history of complementary feeding, history of infectious disease, mother’s education, mother’s knowledge, family economic factor.
Prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases in children aged 6-7 in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Al-Sindi Hind , Al-Mulla Mazen , Bu-Saibaa Amina , Al-Sharaf Bushra , Jawad Jaleela S. , Karim Osama A.
Published: October 2022

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema symptoms in school children aged 6-7 years. Design: A cross-sectional study of randomly selected primary schools for children. Setting: Government and private primary schools in Bahrain. Method: A standardized ISAAC-validated Arabic-translated questionnaire was distributed to 3,000 students aged 6-7 years in 18 primary schools which was to be completed by parents or guardians. Results: 1,951 questionnaires were completed. Participants included 1,094 males (56.1%) and 857 (43.9%) females. The prevalence of asthma was 10.8%, allergic rhinitis, 16.5% and eczema, 9.8%. The prevalence rates for physiciandiagnosed asthma were greater in males 13.3% than females 8.7% [CI (1.8-7.4)]. Symptoms of sneezing or blocked nose showed male gender predominance (18.3%) in comparison to females (14.2%) [CI (0.77-7.5)]. Ever diagnosed hay fever also followed the same pattern of a male predominance of 5.4% in comparison to 3.3% in females [CI (0.24-3.9)]. Female predominance was found in prevalence of itchy rash, 12.5% in comparison to males (8.5%) [CI (-6.9 to -1.2)]. 58.6% had symptoms of allergic rhinitis with a significant peak in the winter season [CI (50.9-66.3)], only 11.2%, had symptoms in the summer season [CI (6.48-16.4)]. Conclusion: Prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema symptoms found in this study were all similar to those reported in other Gulf neighboring countries; with a significant male predominance found in asthma and rhinitis, but not in atopic eczema.