bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress differentially regulates proteolytic signaling in cardiac and skeletal muscle
Authors: Montalvo Ryan N. , Doerr Vivian , Min Kisuk , Szeto Hazel H. , Smuder Ashley J.
Published: November 2019

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective antineoplastic agent used in cancer treatment. Unfortunately, clinical use of DOX is limited due to the development of dose-dependent toxicity to cardiac and respiratory (i.e., diaphragm) muscles. After administration, DOX preferentially localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it promotes cellular toxicity via enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Although recent evidence suggests that amelioration of mitochondrial ROS emission preserves cardiorespiratory muscle function following DOX treatment, the mechanisms responsible for this protection remain unknown. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that DOX-induced mitochondrial ROS production is required to stimulate pathological signaling by the autophagy/lysosomal system (ALS), the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP), and the unfolded protein response (UPR). Cause and effect were determined by administration of the mitochondria-targeted peptide SS-31 to DOX-treated animals. Interestingly, while SS-31 abrogated aberrant ROS emission in cardiorespiratory muscles of DOX-treated animals, our results revealed muscle-specific regulation of effector pathways. In the heart, SS-31 prevented DOX-induced proteolytic signaling through the ALS and UPP. In contrast, ALS signaling was inhibited by SS-31 in the diaphragm, but the UPP was not affected. UPR signaling was activated in both muscles at eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) S51 in the heart and diaphragm of DOX-treated animals and was attenuated with SS-31 treatment in both tissues. However, downstream signaling of eIF2α (activating transcription factor 4 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein) was diminished in the heart but upregulated in the diaphragm with DOX. Collectively, these results show that DOX-induced ROS production plays distinct roles in the regulation of cardiac and diaphragm muscle proteolysis.
lapdMouse: associating lung anatomy with local particle deposition in mice
Authors: Bauer Christian , Krueger Melissa , Lamm Wayne J. E. , Glenny Robb W. , Beichel Reinhard R.
Published: November 2019

To facilitate computational toxicology, we developed an approach for generating high-resolution lung-anatomy and particle-deposition mouse models. Major processing steps of our method include mouse preparation, serial block-face cryomicrotome imaging, and highly automated image analysis for generating three-dimensional (3D) mesh-based models and volume-based models of lung anatomy (airways, lobes, sublobes, and near-acini structures) that are linked to local particle-deposition measurements. Analysis resulted in 34 mouse models covering 4 different mouse strains (B6C3F1: 8, BALB/C: 11, C57Bl/6: 8, and CD-1: 7) as well as both sexes (16 male and 18 female) and different particle sizes [2 μm ( n = 15), 1 μm ( n = 16), and 0.5 μm ( n = 3)]. On average, resulting mouse airway models had 1,616.9 ± 298.1 segments, a centerline length of 597.6 ± 59.8 mm, and 1,968.9 ± 296.3 outlet regions. In addition to 3D geometric lung models, matching detailed relative particle-deposition measurements are provided. All data sets are available online in the lapdMouse archive for download. The presented approach enables linking relative particle deposition to anatomical structures like airways. This will in turn improve the understanding of site-specific airflows and how they affect drug, environmental, or biological aerosol deposition.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Computer simulations of particle deposition in mouse lungs play an important role in computational toxicology. Until now, a limiting factor was the lack of high-resolution mouse lung models and measured local particle-deposition information, which are required for developing accurate modeling approaches (e.g., computational fluid dynamics). With the developed imaging and analysis approach, we address this issue and provide all of the raw and processed data in a publicly accessible repository.
IL-13-driven pulmonary emphysema leads to skeletal muscle dysfunction attenuated by endurance exercise
Authors: Balnis Joseph , Korponay Tanner C. , Vincent Catherine E. , Singer Diane V. , Adam Alejandro P. , Lacomis David , Lee Chun Geun , Elias Jack A. , Singer Harold A. , Jaitovich Ariel
Published: November 2019

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) usually develop skeletal muscle dysfunction, which represents a major comorbidity in these patients and is strongly associated with mortality and other poor outcomes. Although clinical data indicates that accelerated protein degradation and metabolic disruption are common associations of muscle dysfunction in COPD, there is very limited data on the mechanisms regulating the process, in part, due to the lack of research performed on a validated animal model of pulmonary emphysema. This model deficiency complicates the translational value of data generated with highly reductionist settings. Here, we use an established transgenic animal model of COPD based on inducible IL-13-driven pulmonary emphysema (IL-13TG) to interrogate the mechanisms of skeletal muscle dysfunction. Skeletal muscles from these emphysematous mice develop most features present in COPD patients, including atrophy, decreased oxygen consumption, and reduced force-generation capacity. Analysis of muscle proteome indicates downregulation of succinate dehydrogenase C (SDH-C), which correlates with reduced enzymatic activity, also consistent with previous clinical observations. Ontology terms identified with human data, such as ATP binding/bioenergetics are also downregulated in this animal’s skeletal muscles. Moreover, chronic exercise can partially restore muscle mass, metabolic and force-generation capacity, and SDH activity in COPD mice. We conclude that this animal model of COPD/emphysema is an adequate platform to further investigate mechanisms of muscle dysfunction in this setting and demonstrates multiple approaches that can be used to address specific mechanisms regulating this process.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Skeletal muscle dysfunction is a relevant comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mechanistic research in the area has so far been accomplished with models based on specific exposures to otherwise healthy animals, and no investigation using an established and validated animal model of COPD has been accomplished. We present an animal model of COPD that was previously shown to recapitulate pulmonary functional and histologic features present in patients with COPD, and demonstrates most of the features present in patients with pulmonary emphysema-associated muscle dysfunction, which we proposed as an adequate tool to develop mechanistic research in the area.
Energy Measure Semigraph-Based Connected Edge Domination Routing Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Suriya Praba T. , Sethukarasi T. , Saravanan S.
Published: November 2019

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), batteries are used as power source which is limited, and replacement of the battery is difficult. Since communication between nodes consumes most of the node power, topology-based power control is essential for reducing energy consumption. It is necessary to use optimized topology-based energy control model, so the selected nodes are used to generate a virtual backbone, which reduces unwanted routing of data. The virtual backbone for optimized topology can be created by connected dominating set (CDS) of graph theory. However, generating the virtual backbone by using the CDS algorithm is an NP-hard problem because of larger network size. To overcome this problem, in this paper, a novel distributed connected edge dominating set-based semigraph model (S-CEDS) is proposed. The performance ratio of the proposed S-CEDS is measured as (4 + ln∆′) |opt|, where |opt| represents the network size. The proposed S-CEDS is implemented using the ns-2 simulator and evaluated with conventional routing protocols such as AODV and DSDV. The results show that the proposed S-CEDS approach increases throughput and network lifetime. Also, it reduces energy consumption and average number of hops required for data transmission.
Late Exercise Preconditioning Promotes Autophagy against Exhaustive Exercise-Induced Myocardial Injury through the Activation of the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 Pathway
Authors: Liu Hong-Tao , Pan Shan-Shan
Published: November 2019

Accumulating evidence shows that the AMPK-mTOR pathway modulates autophagy via coordinated phosphorylation of ULK1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between AMPK, mTOR, and ULK1 during late exercise preconditioning (LEP), and to explore whether LEP-induced myocardial protection is related to the autophagy. The exercise preconditioning (EP) protocol was as follows: rats were instructed to for run four repeated in duration of 10 minutes (including 10 minutes rest between each period) on a treadmill. Exhaustive exercise (EE) after LEP pretreatment and administration of wortmannin (an autophagy inhibitor that suppresses Class III PI3K-kinase (PI3KC3) activity) were added to test the protective effect. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), along with hematoxylin-basic fuchsin-picric acid (HBFP) staining, were used to evaluate the myocardial ischemic-hypoxic injury and protection. Western blot was used to analyze the relationship of autophagy-associated proteins. Exhaustive exercise caused severe myocardial ischemic-hypoxic injury, which led to an increase in cTnI levels, changes of ischemia–hypoxia, and cells ultrastructure. Compared with the EE group, LEP significantly suppressed exhaustive exercise-induced myocardial injury. However, wortmannin attenuated LEP-induced myocardial protection by inhibiting autophagy. Compared with the C group, AMPK was increased in the LEP, EE, and LEP+EE groups, but phosphorylation of AMPK at Thr172 was not significantly changed. Exercise did not have any effect on mTOR expression. Compared with the C group, ULK1 was increased and the ULK1ser757/ULK1 ratio was decreased in the LEP and LEP+EE groups. ULK1 was not significantly affected in the EE group, however, phosphorylation of ULK1 at Ser757 was remarkably decreased. To sum up, our results suggested that LEP promoted autophagy through the activation of AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 pathway, and that activated autophagy was partially involved in myocardial protection against EE-induced myocardial ischemic-hypoxic injury.
Macroscopic Modeling of On-Street and Garage Parking: Impact on Traffic Performance
Authors: Jakob Manuel , Menendez Monica
Published: November 2019

The short-term interactions between on-street and garage parking policies and the associated parking pricing can be highly influential to the searching-for-parking traffic and the overall traffic performance in the network. In this paper, we develop a macroscopic on-street and garage parking decision model and integrate it into a traffic system with an on-street and garage parking search model over time. We formulate an on-street and garage parking-state-based matrix that describes the system dynamics of urban traffic based on different parking-related states and the number of vehicles that transition through each state in a time slice. This macroscopic modeling approach is based on aggregated data at the network level over time. This leads to data collection savings and a reduction in computational costs compared to most of the existing parking/traffic models. This easy to implement methodology can be solved with a simple numerical solver. All parking searchers face the decision to drive to a parking garage or to search for an on-street parking space in the network. This decision is affected by several parameters including the on-street and garage parking fees. Our model provides a preliminary idea for city councils regarding the short-term impacts of on-street and garage parking policies (e.g., converting on-street parking to garage parking spaces, availability of garage usage information to all drivers) and parking pricing policies on: searching-for-parking traffic (cruising), the congestion in the network (traffic performance), the total driven distance (environmental impact), as well as the revenue created for the city by the hourly on-street and garage parking fee rates. This model can be used to analyze how on-street and garage parking policies can affect traffic performance; and how traffic performance can affect the decision to use on-street or garage parking. The proposed methodology is illustrated with a case study of an area within the city of Zurich, Switzerland.
A Case of Isolated Primary Pleural Neurofibroma in a 39-Year-Old Woman
Authors: Krishnamurthy Kritika , Alexis John , Basra Pukhraz , Medina Ana Maria
Published: November 2019

Primary benign neurogenic neoplasms of the pleura are exceedingly rare. Neurofibromas rarely involve the pleura. A review of the literarture reveals only a single reported case of isolated pleural neurofibroma. Herein the authors describe another case of isolated primary pleural neurofibroma. A 39-year-old nonsmoker woman presented to the emergency room with complaints of progressively worsening chest pain of one month duration. A computed tomography of the chest revealed a crescent shaped, pleural based mass suspicious for a neurogenic tumor such as an intercostal schwannoma. A PET-CT skull base to midthigh failed to reveal any other masses or abnormalities. A surgical excision of the mass was performed due to the patient’s intractable pain. The resected specimen consisted of an ovoid fragment of soft tissue with pale yellow, smooth and glistening cut surface. Microscopic examination revealed the tumor to be composed of spindle cells with wavy nuclei arranged haphazardly in loose collagenous and pale myxoid stroma with rare interspersed mast cells. The spindle cells were diffusely positive for S100 protein and SOX-10, and focally positive for neurofilament. In the absence of any other masses in the patient and no pertinent history, a diagnosis of primary pleural neurofibroma was made. This case emphasizes the need to consider neurofibroma in any spindle cell neoplasm of the pleura irrespective of age or singularity.
Influence of Angle κ and Higher-Order Aberrations on Visual Quality Employing Two Diffractive Trifocal IOLs
Authors: Velasco-Barona Cecilio , Corredor-Ortega Claudia , Mendez-Leon Alejandra , Casillas-Chavarín Nadia L. , Valdepeña-López Velarde Daniel , Cervantes-Coste Guadalupe , Malacara-Hernández Daniel , Gonzalez-Salinas Roberto
Published: November 2019

Prospective, randomized, comparative, and controlled study to estimate the association between angle κ distance and higher-order aberrations (HOAs) with postoperative visual acuity after presbyopia-correcting IOL implantation. Forty-three eyes from 43 patients were included and randomly assigned in two groups for either AT LISA tri 839MP or Acrysof IQ PanOptix IOL implantation. The OPD-Scan III analyzer was utilized to assess the angle κ distance and higher-order aberration (HOAs). Twenty-three eyes were in the Acrysof IQ PanOptix group and 20 patients in the AT LISA tri 839MP group. The uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) for the PanOptix group was 0.092 ± 0.10, whereas for AT LISA tri was 0.050 ± 0.06 (P=0.229). The uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA) for the PanOptix group was 0.173 ± 0.18, whereas for AT LISA tri, it was 0.182 ± 0.11 (P=0.669). Uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) was 0.068 ± 0.04 and 0.085 ± 0.07, respectively (P=0.221). Also, correlation coefficient between HOAs and the Strehl ratio for each group were −0.768 (P<0.0001) and −0.863 (P=0.0001). Patients implanted with both trifocal IOLs showed excellent postoperative visual performance at all distances at the six-month follow-up visit. No association was found between angle κ distance and postoperative visual acuity regardless of the angle κ magnitude or the two trifocal IOLs inner optical diameter. Also, internal aberrations demonstrated a significant inverse correlation with the Strehl ratio for both trifocal IOLs.
Pharmacist Led Intervention on Inhalation Technique among Asthmatic Patients for Improving Quality of Life in a Private Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Yadav Anita , Thapa Parbati
Published: November 2019

Purpose. Asthma is a chronic disease which cannot be cured but can be controlled. Although drug therapy is used to relieve and prevent symptoms of asthma and treat exacerbations, still a good asthma control and a better quality of life in many patients is suboptimal due to improper use of inhalation technique. Thus, this interventional study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a pharmacist intervention on asthma control, quality of life and inhaler technique in adult asthmatic patients. Patients and Methods. A total of 72 patients who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to give written consent were enrolled in the study. These patients were randomly divided into two groups i.e., test group (36) and control group (36) by simple block randomization technique. Test group were the interventional groups. Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ), Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) and structured questionnaires were used to sort the information like quality of life, asthma control and demographic details. They were counselled by the pharmacist about the asthma management and proper use of inhalers. Out of 72 patients, only forty six patients came for follow up after one month. Data were entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20. Results. A significant change was observed in the mean score of quality of life (p=0.001) in test group as well as control group, however change in the mean score of asthma control in the test group (p=0.001) was more significant as compared to the control group (p=0.099). Inhalation technique was found to be improved significantly after intervention among patients using the metered dose inhaler and dry powder inhaler. Majority of the patients were prescribed with Methylxanthines (24.5%) followed by combined Beta 2 agonists and Inhaled Corticosteroids (21.7%). Conclusion. Pharmacist provided intervention improves the quality of life, asthma control and inhalation technique among asthmatic patients.
Integration of Gene Expression Profile Data of Human Epicardial Adipose Tissue from Coronary Artery Disease to Verification of Hub Genes and Pathways
Authors: Wang Weitie , Liu Qing , Wang Yong , Piao Hulin , Li Bo , Zhu Zhicheng , Li Dan , Wang Tiance , Xu Rihao , Liu Kexiang
Published: November 2019

Background. This study aim to identify the core pathogenic genes and explore the potential molecular mechanisms of human coronary artery disease (CAD). Methodology. Two gene profiles of epicardial adipose tissue from CAD patients including GSE 18612 and GSE 64554 were downloaded and integrated by R software packages. All the coexpression of deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) were picked out and analyzed by DAVID online bioinformatic tools. In addition, the DEGs were totally typed into protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks to get the interaction data among all coexpression genes. Pictures were drawn by cytoscape software with the PPI networks data. CytoHubba were used to predict the hub genes by degree analysis. Finally all the top 10 hub genes and prediction genes in Molecular complex detection were analyzed by Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis. qRT-PCR were used to identified all the 10 hub genes. Results. The top 10 hub genes calculated by the degree method were AKT1, MYC, EGFR, ACTB, CDC42, IGF1, FGF2, CXCR4, MMP2 and LYN, which relevant with the focal adhesion pathway. Module analysis revealed that the focal adhesion was also acted an important role in CAD, which was consistence with cytoHubba. All the top 10 hub genes were verified by qRT-PCR which presented that AKT1, EGFR, CDC42, FGF2, and MMP2 were significantly decreased in epicardial adipose tissue of CAD samples (p<0.05) and MYC, ACTB, IGF1, CXCR4, and LYN were significantly increased (p<0.05). Conclusions. These candidate genes could be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of CAD.
Research on the Supernetwork Equalization Model of Multilayer Attributive Regional Logistics Integration
Authors: Xu Jian , Yin Yanna , Wen Xin , Lin Guozhi
Published: November 2019

Based on the multi-level structure attributes of regional logistics, regional logistics integration presents complex features. Therefore, according to the operational requirements of regional logistics integration, we built a regional logistics network structure model consisting of infrastructure, information resources, and organizational networks; selected the level of relationship between different layers and information dissemination, and transport flow as decision variables. We built a supernetwork mathematical model of regional logistics integration with multiple layers of attributes. Considering the constraints of marginal cost changes and overall revenue, we found an equilibrium solution for the operation of regional logistics integration supernetwork. That is, the optimal match between the level of relationship, the level of information dissemination and the transportation flow, provides a reference basis for the formulation of relevant policies and implementation strategies.
Massive Scrotal Hematoma due to Ruptured Anastomotic Pseudoaneurysm in a Patient with Aortobifemoral Bypass Surgery: CTA Evaluation
Authors: Smarda Magdalini , Fagkrezos Dimitrios , Dodos Ilias , Potouridis Anastasios , Staramos Dimitrios , Triantopoulou Charikleia , Maniatis Petros
Published: November 2019

A 74-year-old male patient was presented with scrotal swelling and a pulsatile mass of the left femoro-inguinal region. His medical history included hypertension, coronary artery disease, respiratory failure, and an aortobifemoral bypass surgery performed 7 years ago. Ultrasound evaluation revealed a massive scrotal hematoma. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) was conducted, confirming the aortobifemoral graft existence and revealing bilateral anastomotic pseudoaneurysms with the left one being ruptured, resulting in extension of the hematoma to the left femoro-inguinal region and the scrotum. An emergency surgery was performed, where proximal control of the left limb of the synthetic graft as well as distal control of the iliac vessels were accomplished. After the control of the hemorrhage, an iliofemoral bypass with a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 6 mm synthetic graft was placed. Unfortunately, the patient passed away during the first postoperative day due to myocardial infarction.
A Case Study in China to Determine Whether GPS Data and Derivative Indicator Can Be Used to Identify Risky Drivers
Authors: Fu Rui , Liu Tong , Guo Yuxi , Zhang Shiwei , Cheng Wendong
Published: November 2019

This paper presents an investigation of the relationship between driver risk and factors indicating vehicle’s speed and driver’s acceleration behavior. The main objective is to examine whether GPS data and derivative indicator can be used to identify risky drivers by means of factor analysis. In doing so, a real road driving experiment is conducted to collect data. Fifty drivers are asked to drive along a route which includes both rural highways and urban roads. The trajectories are recorded by GPS devices to calculate speed and derive acceleration measures. Driver’s behavior is also recorded by cameras and analyzed by another group of volunteers to determine whether the driver is risky or not. The drivers are then classified into five groups with different levels of risk based on the scores obtained through factor analysis. The results are verified by the volunteer's categorization and further evaluated by symbolic aggregate approximation. A binary logistic regression model is established ultimately for predicting high-risk drivers. The potential applications of this study include developing quantitative measures to identify risky drivers, especially for auto-insurance companies with usage-based insurance (UBI) applications, bus companies, and transport enterprises.
Dynamic Systems, Process and Development
Authors: van Geert Paul L.C.
Published: November 2019

In this article, I answer the questions from Witherington and Boom’s introduction to this special issue in the form of an imaginary interview, led by David Boom, equally imaginary editor of The Processual Inquirer, an obscure but interesting journal that appears in imaginary physical print only, and which, as a consequence, has so far left no traces on the Internet….
Evidence for Sleep in Sharks and Rays: Behavioural, Physiological, and Evolutionary Considerations
Authors: Kelly Michael L. , Collin Shaun P. , Hemmi Jan M. , Lesku John A.
Published: November 2019

Sleep is widespread across the animal kingdom. However, most comparative sleep data exist for terrestrial vertebrates, with much less known about sleep in amphibians, bony fishes, and invertebrates. There is an absence of knowledge on sleep in cartilaginous fishes. Sharks and rays are amongst the earliest vertebrates, and may hold clues to the evolutionary history of sleep and sleep states found in more derived animals, such as mammals and birds. Here, we review the literature concerning activity patterns, sleep behaviour, and electrophysiological evidence for sleep in cartilaginous (and bony) fishes following an exhaustive literature search that found more than 80 relevant studies in laboratory and field environments. Evidence for sleep in sharks and rays that respire without swimming is preliminary; evidence for sleep in continuously swimming fishes is currently absent. We discuss ways in which the latter group might sleep concurrent with sustained movement, and conclude with suggestions for future studies in order to provide more comprehensive data on when, how, and why sharks and rays sleep.
Marx’s Economic Manuscript of 1867–68 (Excerpt) Editor’s Introduction
Authors: Moseley Fred
Published: November 2019

This is an introduction to an English translation of a 25-page excerpt from Marx’s Manuscript of 1867–68, which was published for the first time in German in 2012 in the MEGA, Volume II/4.3. This excerpt (see pp. 162–92) is Marx’s first and only attempt to incorporate unequal turnover times across industries into his theory of the equalisation of the profit rate and prices of production. The introduction attempts to clarify the overall logic of this excerpt as well as to point out Marx’s many small errors in this messy first draft. The introduction concludes with the implications of this excerpt for the general interpretation of Marx’s theory of prices of production (i.e. the transformation problem).
On the Structural Aspects of Persian Elites in Achaemenid Persia
Authors: Bahadori Ali
Published: November 2019

This article, focused on the Persian Gobryas, the head of Patischorian tribe and a member of the mysterious circle bringing Darius I (the Great) to the throne called the “Seven” by Herodotus, aims to argue that the concept of seven families was originally derived from the tribal structure of the Achaemenid society rather than from traditions found in classical writers. Mainly based on the administrative Elamite texts from Persepolis, the paper attempts to add contextual and practical detail to the classical narrative about the status of the “Seven” in the Achaemenid imperial system. This data leads us to the Fahliyān region in southwestern Persia as the house of the Patischorians and shows how Gobryas and his house were involved in the political, economic and administrative structures of the Persian Achaemenid Empire especially during the reign of Darius. The case also provides a valuable context for the study of various aspects of social organization particularly the land tenure.
Jihād in the Mamlūk Sultanate
Authors: Zelenev Evgeny I. , Iliushina Milana
Published: November 2019

This paper focuses on the theory and practice of jihād in the Mamlūk Sultanate, especially during the Circassian period (1382-1517). Some ideas of Ibn Taymiyya (d. 1328), Ibn Khaldūn (d. 1406), Ibn Kathīr (d. 1373), Ibn al-Naḥḥās (d. 1411), as well as scholars of the pre-Mamlūk epoch are taken in consideration. The authors explore the issue of understanding jihād as the responsibility of the community (farḍ al-kifāya) and/or personal duty (farḍ al-ʿayn) and the role of jihād ideology in the inner- and international Mamlūk politics.
Kufic Inscriptions of the 10th–13th Centuries from Avaristan
Authors: Aytberov Timirlan , Khapizov Shakhban
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the publication of several inscriptions in the Arabic Kufic script carved on stone in the period of the 10th-13th centuries and discovered in the Avar ethnic area of Dagestan. All of them, except the first one, are published for the first time. This epigraphic material indicates that the process of the gradual spread of Islam started in Dagestan already at the end of the 10th century.
Iranica mutuata. IV. Zur persischen Bezeichnung von Stahl
Authors: Buyaner David B.
Published: November 2019

The paper deals with the etymology of NP pōlād “steel” suggested by Ernst Herzfeld more than seventy years ago, but overlooked both by his contemporaries and by the following generations of scholars. Some slight emendations are proposed to Herzfeld’s reconstruction of the stages of borrowing from Middle Indian into Old Persian, without, however, diminishing his role as trailblazer.
“Fatally Tied Together”: The Intertwined History of Kurds and Armenians in the 20th Century
Authors: Leupold David
Published: November 2019

More than a century years ago Talât Pasha declared famously that in the Eastern Provinces “The Armenian question does not exist anymore”. Today, far from being resolved, the former binary coding (Armenian/Turkish) is even further complicated by a third element— the ongoing Kurdish question (doza Kurdistanê). While most research and journalistic works frame the Armenian issue and the Kurdish issue as two separate events that merely coincide(d) in the same geographical space, this work explores their interdependence and the historical trajectories of two peoples fatally “tied together” across a spatio-temporal scale.

In my paper I identify two opposing lines of continuity through which both peoples are tied together: friendly and fatal ties. With regard to the first (friendly ties), I turn to the SSR Armenia and her role in fostering Kurdish culture and advancing Kurdish nationalism. Hereby, I argue that a marginalized community of Kurmanji-speakers—the Yezidis, previously othered as “devil-worshippers” (şeytanperest)— emerged as the vanguard in forging a novel, secularized Kurdish national identity. With regard to the latter (fatal ties), I link the irrevocable erasure of Ottoman Armenians to the emergence of an imagined “Northern Kurdistan” stretching over large parts of historic Armenia. This, finally, raises the question of Kurdish complicity in the Armenian Genocide—as state-mobilized regiments, tribal members and ordinary residents—in a geography where, as Recep Maraşlı put it, the descendants “are the children of both perpetrators and victims alike”.
Gorani: A Review of Recent Works
Authors: Jügel Thomas
Published: November 2019

This article discusses the publications of two documentation projects of the Gorani varieties of Gawraǰū and Zarda. It offers a number of alternative interpretations, corrections and additions to the grammatical description of two understudied and highly endangered West Iranic varieties, which are under strong influence of neighbouring Kurdish dialects.
Fungia fungites (Linnaeus, 1758) (Scleractinia, Fungiidae) is a species complex that conceals large phenotypic variation and a previously unrecognized genus
Authors: Oku Yutaro , Iwao Kenji , Hoeksema Bert W. , Dewa Naoko , Tachikawa Hiroyuki , Koido Tatsuki , Fukami Hironobu
Published: November 2019

Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses of scleractinian corals have resulted in the discovery of cryptic lineages. To understand species diversity in corals, these lineages need to be taxonomically defined. In the present study, we report the discovery of a distinct lineage obscured by the traditional morphological variation of Fungia fungites. This taxon exists as two distinct morphs: attached and unattached. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial COI and nuclear ITS markers as well as morphological comparisons were performed to clarify their phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic positions. Molecular data revealed that F. fungites consists of two genetically distinct clades (A and B). Clade A is sister to a lineage including Danafungia scruposa and Halomitra pileus, while clade B formed an independent lineage genetically distant from these three species. The two morphs were also found to be included in both clades, although the attached morph was predominantly found in clade A. Morphologically, both clades were statistically different in density of septal dentation, septal number, and septal teeth shape. These results indicate that F. fungites as presently recognized is actually a species complex including at least two species. After checking type specimens, we conclude that specimens in clade A represent true F. fungites with two morphs (unattached and attached) and that all of those in clade B represent an unknown species and genus comprising an unattached morph with only one exception. These findings suggest that more unrecognized taxa with hitherto unnoticed morphological differences can be present among scleractinian corals.
Antonius von Pforr uno Markgraf Rudolf IV. von Hachberg
Authors: Bärmann Michael , Prosser Michael
Published: November 2019

Im Mittelpunkt des vorliegenden Beitrags stehen verschiedene Erwähnungen Antons von Pforr im sogenannten ‘Großen Dingrodel des Klosters St. Peter’, die den Autor des Buches der Beispiele in der Umgebung des Markgrafen Rudolf IV. von Hachberg bezeugen. Da Letzterer nicht nur in der Melusine Thürings von Ringoltingen genannt wird, sondern auch in den Cent Nouvelles nouvelles als Erzählerfigur in Erscheinung tritt, stellt sich die Frage, ob hinter einer ganzen Reihe von historischen Zeugnissen aus dem Urnfeld des Markgrafen, die unter anderem zum burgundischen Hof führen, nicht ein Beziehungsgeflecht greifbar wird, das weitere Hinweise zum Werdegang und zur Ämterlaufbahn Antons von Pforr liefert.
Interaction of milkweed butterflies with egret and jewel orchids: observations on pollinaria attachment to danaid butterflies on east Sulawesi (Indonesia) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Danainae; Orchidoideae: Habenarinae and Goodyerinae)
Authors: Roos Peter H.
Published: November 2019

Species of the butterfly subfamily Danainae visit orchids, resulting in pollinaria being attached to their heads. In several habitats in east Sulawesi a remarkable percentage of Danainae specimens was observed with orchid pollinaria preferentially attached to their eyes. Among the 13 observed native Danainae species, seven carried pollinaria. Pollinaria attachment appears to be selective for Danainae as hundreds of specimens from other butterfly families were negative. Selectivity also concerns the orchid species, as attached pollinaria could be assigned to a Habenaria orchid and in one case only to an Anoectochilus. Efficient pollinaria attachment requires compatible morphological characters of butterfly and orchid. In this respect, the observed high pollinaria load of single butterflies is also important. Comparable investigations in southeast Sulawesi did not reveal danaid–orchid interactions. Further studies are required to prove orchid pollination by Danainae and to clarify the mechanism by which these butterflies are attracted to the orchids.
مكتب مزود الأيدي العاملة (مكتب العمل) في مصر القديمة
Authors: إسلام عامر
Published: November 2019

This article deals with one of the administrative offices, the Office provider of people, which can be defined as Labor Bureau, or the Service Office, only known in the Late Middle Kingdom. Researchers hold different views concerning the meaning and translation of the expression of this administrative office, and the nature of its functions. This article aims at determining the exact meaning of the name of this Office, recognizing the administrative structure and the nature of its staff, defining the specializations and nature of the missions of this administrative office, deciding the time of its appearance and disappearance, and discovering the organization to which it was subject.
Some Remarks on the “Five Conquerors” Passage of the Han Daybook from Kongjiapo
Authors: Guosheng Liu
Published: November 2019

The “Five Conquerors” passage of the Han daybook from Kongjiapo is written on slips 105–7. Slip 107 should be rejoined with fragment 24. The “Five Conquerors” passage uses the conquest theory of the five agents to realize “untimely urgent travel.” The method requires one who would undertake urgent travel to carry an item representing the particular agent that will “conquer” the agent associated with the direction of travel.
Research on Gods and Spirits in the Chu Manuscripts of Divination (Five Entries)
Authors: Changgui Yan
Published: November 2019

This article examines the names of five gods and spirits that appear in Chu divination records. It proposes that “Dashui” 大水 refers to the god of the sea, the Sea Approver in Zhuangzi; “Weishan” 危山 is the mountain Sanwei in Chuci, a land of immortality; “Gongmei” 宮禖 is likely the high goddess of childbirth, who was once a Chu ancestress; and “Sijin” 司祲 and “Sizhe” 司折 are two heavenly gods, the former in charge of people’s fortune, and the latter in charge of people’s lifespans. The latter is similar to the Overseer of Youth’s Fate in Chuci.
A New Study of Past Interpretations of the Character “nai 柰” on the Geling Bamboo Slips
Authors: Huaqiang Song
Published: November 2019

On the Chu 楚 bamboo slips from Geling 葛陵 there appears a character written in the form of 米. Most scholars agree that it is identical to the graph 柰 on the Baoshan 包山 bamboo slips and should also be read as sui 祟. This essay assumes that the reading of 柰 as sui on the Baoshan slips is correct, but that the graph written as 米 on the Geling slips is most likely a simplified version of , which in the texts is to be read as sheng 眚, a synonym for sui.
The Tsinghua Manuscript *Zheng Wen Gong wen Tai Bo and the Question of the Production of Manuscripts in Early China
Authors: Shaughnessy Edward L.
Published: November 2019

Volume 6 of Qinghua daxue cang Zhanguo zhujian, published in 2016, includes two copies of a text entitled by the editors *Zheng Wen Gong wen Tai Bo 鄭文公問太伯 (Duke Wen of Zheng Asks Tai Bo). The two copies of this single text are extremely similar, both in terms of content and in terms of calligraphy, but also display certain occasional differences and one systematic difference in the positioning of the “city” (yi 邑) signific (bushou 部首) within characters. This leads the editors to argue that they “were copied by a single scribe on the basis of two separate source texts.” This is the first time we have seen such evidence of scribal practice, and it is crucial for the question of manuscript production in early China. In the present study, I first present a codicological description of these two manuscript versions of *Zheng Wen Gong wen Tai Bo, followed by a full translation of their text. Then I consider their implications for the question of manuscript production in ancient China.
A Comparative Reading of the Shuihudi Qin Daybook “Stars” Text and Ancient Theories on Astrological Divination
Authors: Xinfang Liu
Published: November 2019

Many scholars have already studied the daybook (rishu 日書) text titled “Stars” (Xing 星), which was included among the excavated Qin manuscripts at Shuihudi 睡虎地. The Corpus of Qin Documents Written On Bamboo and Wood (Qin jiandu heji 秦簡牘合集) can be seen as a consequential culmination of these studies. Based on a collative approach, this article offers a comparative reading by citing ancient theories on astrological divination in order to clarify the provenance of passages found within the “Stars” text. Through such a comparative study, it is possible to provide an enhanced explanation of certain passages, somewhat different from the understandings of other scholars.
Additional Notes on the Arrangement of the Qin Bamboo Manuscript Rishu 日書 and Saliu nian ri 卅六年日 from Zhoujiatai 周家臺
Authors: Shaoxuan Cheng
Published: November 2019

By examining the Zhoujiatai Qin Tomb 30 Bamboo Slip End Profile Chart, one can see that the various sections of the rishu (Daybook) formed an ovular rolled bundle that was, for the most part, closed. These slips appear to have belonged to a common manuscript. However, the slips of the calendrical manuscript saliu nian ri (Days of the 36th Year) did not belong to this rolled bundle and instead were wrapped around a separate axis. On this basis, we can determine that Days of the 36th Year and the daybook were separate manuscripts when they were placed in the tomb.
The Rule of Law in Party Documents
Authors: Smith Ewan
Published: November 2019

This article reviews the development of three important themes in the Chinese Communist Party’s (ccp’s) description of the rule of law since China’s opening up and reform began in December 1978. It expands upon key Party documents that frame the meaning of the rule of law in ccp doctrine. It sets out the doctrine, identifies significant changes, and considers what they might mean for the Party’s present stance toward law and legal construction. It builds upon a broad literature that explores those documents and that doctrine, focusing on three connected points of tension in the Party’s articulation: the relationship between rule of law and rule by law, the relationship between the rule of law and Party leadership, and the relationship between the rule of law and Party discipline.
Contributions to the Andean Senecioneae (Compositae)—V. Novelties for Peru, new synonyms, and taxonomic notes

Authors: CALVO JOEL , GRANDA ARTURO , BELTRÁN HAMILTON
Published: November 2019

On-going studies of the tribe Senecioneae (Compositae) led us to record for the first time five species for Peru, i.e., Dendrophorbium scytophyllum, Pentacalia luteynorum, P. millei, P. riotintis, and Senecio puchei. In addition, the name P. lanceolifolia is synonymized with P. andrei, as well as P. hitchcockii and P. huamaliensis with P. theifolia, and P. tillettii with P. riotintis. Each species is discussed and compared against similar taxa. The name S. puchei is neotypified.
Measurements of Enhanced Near-Surface Turbulence under Windrows
Authors: Zippel Seth F. , Maksym Ted , Scully Malcolm , Sutherland Peter , Dumont Dany
Published: November 2019

Observations of waves, winds, turbulence, and the geometry and circulation of windrows were made in a shallow bay in the winter of 2018 outside of Rimouski, Québec. Water velocities measured from a forward-looking pulse-coherent ADCP mounted on a small zodiac show spanwise (cross-windrow) convergence, streamwise (downwind) velocity enhancement, and downwelling in the windrows, consistent with the view that windrows are the result of counterrotating pairs of wind-aligned vortices. The spacing of windrows, measured with acoustic backscatter and with surface imagery, was measured to be approximately twice the water depth, which suggests an aspect ratio of 1. The magnitude and vertical distribution of turbulence measured from the ADCP are consistent with a previous scaling and observations of near-surface turbulence under breaking waves, with dissipation rates larger and decaying faster vertically than what is expected from a shear-driven boundary layer. Measurements of dissipation rate are partitioned to within, and outside of the windrow convergence zones, and measurements inside the convergence zones are found to be nearly an order of magnitude larger than those outside with similar vertical structure. A ratio of time scales suggests that turbulence likely dissipates before it can be advected horizontally into convergences, but the advection of wave energy into convergences may elevate the surface flux of TKE and could explain the elevated turbulence in the windrows. These results add to a limited number of conflicting observations of turbulence variability due to windrows, which may modify gas flux, and heat and momentum transport in the surface boundary layer.
Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Indicators of Rain: Evidence from Rwenzori Region, Western Uganda
Authors: Nkuba Michael Robert , Chanda Raban , Mmopelwa Gagoitseope , Mangheni Margaret Najjingo , Lesolle David , Kato Edward
Published: November 2019

This study investigated the abiotic and biotic environmental indicators used among pastoralists and arable farmers to predict the onset and cessation of rain as well as to make short-term and seasonal forecasts in the Rwenzori region of Western Uganda. We used a mixed-methods approach that included surveys of 907 households, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. The results indicate that resident birds such as white-browed coucals and turacos and migrant birds such as eagles and swallows were important indicators of the onset of rains. Butterflies were an important indicator for the cessation of rains, and red ants were an indicator for the onset of rains. Among the abiotic indicators, winds, clouds, earthquakes, and cloud formation on Mount Rwenzori were important indicators. Behavior of cattle at the onset of rains was important among the pastoralists, and flowering of coffee plants was important among the arable farmers. The behavior of the biotic indicators was driven by the availability of food, water, or other necessities. An attempt to explain the phenology underlying the behavior of biotic indicators and the meteorological science underlying some of the abiotic indicators is made. Although biotic environmental indicators are rudimentary and their accuracy is influenced by external factors such as climate change, they provide climate information within the locality of the farmers. Our results suggest that the indicators used in indigenous forecasting could be incorporated in national meteorological systems in a bid to improve the accuracy of rainfall forecasts and their use among farmers and pastoralists in rural Africa.
Barriers to implementing learning from child protection training in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Jalal Ejalal , O’Reilly Michelle , Bhakta Treena , Vostanis Panos
Published: November 2019

The implementation of child protection training programmes can be influenced by a range of societal, policy, service and practice-related factors. The aim of this study was to establish the experiences of implementation barriers among 26 professionals from different disciplines in Saudi Arabia, 18 months after they had completed such training. The three identified themes related to customs and traditions; organizational, administrative and staff-related barriers; and challenges in contact with families. It is important that these inter-linked levels of barriers are tackled in co-ordination through policy, legislation, awareness campaigns and service development, and that they are anticipated holistically by educational programmes.