bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Information sharing under different warranty policies with cost sharing in supply chains
Authors: Cai Keyuan , He Shuguang , He Zhen
Published: September 2018

In practice, it is found that a product warranty can be provided by either the supplier or the manufacturer. As supply chains are increasingly integrated today, warranty costs are usually shared between the supplier and the manufacturer. In this paper, we model two different warranty policies based on which party provides the warranty: manufacturer warranty and supplier warranty. Considering the demand uncertainty and demand forecast, we analyze the information sharing strategy under these two warranty policies. Our results show that the manufacturer has an incentive to share the demand forecast information under both warranty policies when the cost efficiency in providing a warranty is high, which is different from the existing literature on the incentive for demand information sharing in the supply chain. Moreover, we find that it will hurt the party who determines the warranty period but benefit the other party.
Scientist–Nonscientist Teams Explore Methane Sources in Streams Near Oil/Gas Development
Authors: Wendt Anna K. , Sowers Todd , Hynek Scott , Lemon Jacob , Beddings Erika , Zheng Guanjie , Li Zhenhui , Williams Jennifer Z. , Brantley Susan L.
Published: September 2018

New techniques are needed to distinguish between leakage of methane (CH4) into surface waters from gas wells and natural sources. Here, scientists worked with >50 citizen scientists in a hydrocarbon‐rich basin (Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) to measure methane concentrations ([CH4]) in streams. These measurements were combined with published observations to form a reconnaissance dataset. The dataset was then used to categorize sites as background or as impacted by other sources of gas. For 479 samples at 131 sites, 470 were supersaturated with respect to the atmosphere (>0.08 µg/L). Sites with the lowest concentrations generally were located in low‐productivity, sandstone‐underlain upland streams, while other streams contained CH4 from sources in addition to atmospheric. The median of 63 sites not located near wetland habitats and not affected by known thermogenic influxes yielded an estimate of background [CH4] in the streams, 0.5 µg/L. The highest individual measurements (∼70 µg/L) in the stream dataset were observed in one site near a wetland and one site near a putatively leaking gas well. Inspection of the dataset revealed that values of [CH4] above a threshold for non‐wetland sites, 4 μg/L, signals gas is likely deriving from sources such as leaking gas wells, shallow organic‐rich shales, coal, or landfills. Using historical and local volunteer knowledge, we discovered 12 non‐wetland sites above the threshold that are potentially contaminated by such sources. Although sources of CH4 cannot be proven from such surveys of [CH4], stream sampling with nonscientists nonetheless allows discovery of sites of potential contamination that can be further investigated.
Characterization and significance of localized sources identified by a novel automated algorithm during mapping of human persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Verma Atul , Sarkozy Andrea , Skanes Allan , Duytschaever Mattias , Bulava Alan , Urman Roy , Amos Yariv A. , Potter Tom de
Published: September 2018

Background

Automated algorithms may identify focal (FA) and rotational (RoA) activations during persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF).

Objective

To evaluate an automated algorithm for characterizing and assessing significance of FA/RoA.

Methods

Eighty‐six PeAF ablation patients (1411 maps) were analyzed. Maps were obtained with a 64‐electrode basket using CARTOFINDER, which filters/annotates atrial unipolar electrograms over 30 seconds. Operators ablated FA/RoA followed by pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). The automated algorithm was retrospectively applied using QS patterns to identify FA and sequential activation gradients for RoA without phase mapping. Algorithm‐identified FA and RoA were validated against blinded adjudicators. Ablation of algorithm‐identified FA/RoA was related to procedural AF termination.

Results

73% ± 18% of electrodes (65% ± 11% atrial surface area) were adequate for analysis. Compared with adjudicators, the algorithm had a sensitivity of 84% for FA and 86% for RoA. There were 4 ± 2 FA and 2 ± 2 RoA per patient. FA occurred 8 ± 6 times during the 30‐second window (cumulative duration 8 ± 6 seconds). RoA occurred 5 ± 3 times (median 2, consecutive rotations) with a cumulative duration of 3 ± 2 seconds. Compared to patients without procedural AF termination, patients with termination had more FA ablated (75% vs 38%, P = 0.006). AF termination was not predicted by percentage of RoA ablated although there was a trend towards a higher percentage of left atrial RoA ablated (
P = 0.06).

Conclusion

An automated algorithm had high sensitivity for FA and RoA. Acute AF termination was associated with FA ablation but not RoA ablation. Future studies need to define the significance of FA and RoA and whether they are overlapping or separate mechanisms.
Lead I R‐wave amplitude to differentiate idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias with left bundle branch block right inferior axis originating from the left versus right ventricular outflow tract
Authors: Xie Shuanglun , Kubala Maciej , Liang Jackson J. , Hayashi Tatsuya , Park Jaeseok , Padros Irene Lucena , Garcia Fermin C. , Santangeli Pasquale , Supple Gregory E. , Frankel David S. , Zado Erica S. , Lin David , Schaller Robert D. , Dixit Sanjay , Callans David J. , Nazarian Saman , Marchlinski Francis E.
Published: September 2018

Introduction

Differentiation of right versus left ventricular outflow tract (RVOT vs. LVOT) arrhythmia origin with left bundle branch block right inferior axis (LBRI) morphology is relevant to ablation planning and risk discussion. Our aim was to determine if lead I R‐wave amplitude is useful for differentiation of RVOT from LVOT arrhythmias with LBRI morphology.

Methods

The R‐wave amplitude in lead I was measured in a retrospective cohort of 75 consecutive patients with LBRI pattern ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) successfully ablated from the RVOT (n = 54), LVOT (n = 16), or the anterior interventricular vein (AIV; n = 5). The optimal R‐wave threshold was identified and diagnostic indices were compared with the previously reported transitional zone (TZ) index and V2S/V3R index.

Results

An R‐wave amplitude greater than or equal to 0.1 mV predicted LVOT origin with 75% sensitivity and 98.2% specificity. In comparison, the TZ and V2S/V3R indices had 50% and 68.8% sensitivity, and 75.9% and 88.9% specificity, respectively, for predicting LVOT origin. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.85 for lead I R‐wave amplitude, 0.87 for V2S/V3R, and 0.72 for the TZ index. Of 36 cases with QS in lead I, 30 (83.3%) were from the anterior RVOT, three (8.3%) from the LVOT, and three (8.3%) from the AIV.

Conclusion

The presence of R‐wave amplitude in lead I (≥0.1 mV) is a simple and useful criterion to identify LVOT cusp or endocardium focus in LBRI arrhythmias. A QS pattern in lead I suggests an origin in the anterior RVOT, or less commonly the adjacent LV summit.
Model food for microwave‐assisted pasteurization of fruit juices and nectars at 915 and 2,450 MHz
Authors: Sobreiro Pedro Henrique , Sato Laura Naomi Isozaki , Gut Jorge Andrey Wilhelms
Published: September 2018

A model food based on aqueous solutions of sucrose and sodium chloride is proposed for studying the microwave‐assisted pasteurization of fruit juices and nectars. Relative electrical permittivity, dielectric loss factor, and electrical conductivity of solutions with sucrose up to 40.0 g/100 mL and sodium chloride up to 1.6 g/100 mL were experimentally determined and successfully correlated with concentrations and temperature (from 10 to 90 °C). By adjusting the concentrations of the solutes, it was possible to satisfactorily match the dielectric behavior of 12 examples of products. Thermophysical and flow properties of the model food (density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, and viscosity) could be estimated from literature data, which is useful for process simulation.

Practical applications

Continuous flow microwave heating is an emerging technology with a potential to be used in the thermal processing of liquid foods. Model foods are important to study heating patterns, test prototypes, test process control, or tuning strategies, to be used as sterilization solutions, or carrier of chemical, biological, or enzymatic markers. The model food proposed here can match dielectric properties of fruit juices or nectars.
Aflatoxins in cereals: State of the art
Authors: Mousavi Khaneghah Amin , Eş Ismail , Raeisi Susan , Fakhri Yadolah
Published: September 2018

Recently, the contamination of food products, particularity cereals with aflatoxins (AF) as secondary metabolites generated by some of fungal genera species raised serious concerns. AF as the highly toxic compounds could pass through metabolic processes in unaltered forms and consequently accumulate in the tissues of humans and animals. The consumption of AF contaminated cereal, cereal‐based products as both food and feed is considered as a serious issue, which should be controlled through conducting prevention strategies and legislation. However, in some cases, the detoxification or elimination process also can be approached. The current article took an overview regarding physicochemical properties of AF, as well as their absorption, digestion, metabolism, and excretion in cereals. Also, the chronic and acute aflatoxicosis along prevention strategies and control mechanisms were discussed.

Practical applications

Cereal and cereal‐based products can be considered as one of the most important sources of food as well as energy in many countries. Despite this, cereals and cereal‐based foods may present contamination by several mycotoxins, as one of the challenging issues in cereal‐based products. The adverse effects of contamination by mycotoxins on food safety and food quality are reserved huge concerns. The knowledge regarding the physicochemical properties of aflatoxins as well as their control can aid the food industry to keep the quality of food products in an acceptable level.
The Janus of Diversity: May the Ideology of Individual Diversity Rationalize Social Inequalities?
Authors: Iatridis Tilemachos
Published: September 2018

Some popular ideas about diversity today emphasize the uniqueness and potential in each individual and posit that all differences across individuals count the same as long as they are “true to themselves.” These ideas saturate current antidiscrimination discourses, but their impact on what might be perceived as discrimination has hardly been tested empirically. This article argues that the direction of that impact may not be taken for granted and advances two hypotheses. First, individual diversity (ID) ideology may direct attention to the alleged psychological attributes of minority group members, rather than to social inequalities and discrimination. Secondly, ID ideology may direct attention towards discrimination only if the target is seen as “authentically unique” (the prototype of ID). Both hypotheses were tested and supported in two studies addressing Greek participants’ perceptions of immigrant children’s difficulties. Study 2 further controlled for possible mediation effects. The discussion suggests that ID ideology might paradoxically rationalize inequalities and discrimination, as well as implicitly raise elitist expectations from minority group members.
Mercury Levels and Risk Implications Through Fish Consumption on the Sinaloa Coasts (Gulf of California, Northwest Mexico)
Authors: Zamora‐Arellano Nydia‐Yuriana , Betancourt‐Lozano Miguel , Ilizaliturri‐Hernández César , García‐Hernández Jaqueline , Jara‐Marini Matín , Chávez‐Sánchez Cristina , Ruelas‐Inzunza Jorge Ricardo
Published: September 2018

Fish consumption is the major source of mercury to humans. Fetuses and children are the most sensitive groups of populations to the effects of mercury. Consequently, fish consumption by pregnant women, children, and women of childbearing age is of concern because of the effects of mercury exposure on human health. To assess mercury exposure in a population in northwest Mexico, the allowed daily consumption of fish (which indicates the maximum daily amount of fish that can be consumed without causing adverse noncarcinogenic effects) was calculated for the general population (GP) and fishing‐related population (FRP). The studied groups for both sectors of the population were children A (3–10 years old), children B (11–15 years old), women of childbearing age (16–40 years old), and the rest of the population (men ≥16 years old, and women ≥41 years old). Mercury content in canned and frozen tuna, smoked marlin, tilapia, Pacific sierra, dolphinfish, and bullseye puffer ranged from 0.01 to 0.23 μg/g wet weight; none of the values were above the limit set by Mexico. Regarding mercury concentrations and rates of fish consumption, the GP consumes 1.7–2.7 times the allowed daily consumption, and the FRP consumes 1.6–3.9 that limit. The risk analysis showed the children A and B groups from the GP and adults of FRP to be the highest percentage of the population at risk (approximately 35%). These results highlight the need for adequate strategies that consider mercury exposure as part of public health policies associated with fish consumption in Mexico.
Structural transformation and its relevance for economic growth in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Busse Matthias , Erdogan Ceren , Mühlen Henning
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we analyze the role of structural transformation in view of the remarkable growth performance of Sub‐Saharan African countries since the late 1990s. Our analysis covers 41 African countries over the period 1980 to 2014 and accounts for structural transformation by employing the analytical frameworks of (1) growth decomposition and (2) growth regression. Even though the low‐productive agricultural sector continues to employ most of the African workforce, our results reveal that structural transformation has taken place and that it has contributed significantly to African growth in the period 1980‐2014.
Occupational segregation by race in South Africa after apartheid
Authors: Gradín Carlos
Published: September 2018

This paper investigates progress in reducing the high level of racial stratification of occupations after apartheid in South Africa. Empirical analysis, using census microdata and Labour Force Surveys, does not provide compelling evidence of sustained or significant desegregation. Occupations remain highly segmented by race, with blacks disproportionally holding low‐paying jobs (compared with whites), although segregation and segmentation also affect in a different way the other population groups (Indians/Asians and Coloureds). Less than a third of the occupational segregation and about half of the segmentation of Africans (with respect to whites) are related to their characteristics, especially their lower educational achievement, a gap that has been reduced over time. Segregation and stratification, however, remain when blacks and whites with similar characteristics are compared.
The Relation between Imperialism and Nationalism in the German Empire and its Aftermath: A Bourdieusian Field Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Korhonen Juho
Published: September 2018

In this article I explore the relation between empire and nationalism in the late German Empire and its aftermath. I argue, from the perspective of Bourdieusian field theory and the political field, that the transformation of the relation between empire and nationalism was connected to colonial expansion that prompted political actors to formulate ‘imperial policies’ aimed at subverting dominant power. The rise of national self‐determination following the First World War (WWI) thwarted this development by confining the political field into a national framework and separating nationalism from empire. This was the emergence of what Bourdieu called national metacapital that has the capacity to regulate and define other forms of capital and their exchange in an ideal‐type nation‐state, in contrast to imperial symbolic capital that mediates and connects other forms of capital.
Effects of barbell back squat stance width on sagittal and frontal hip and knee kinetics
Authors: Lahti Johan , Hegyi András , Vigotsky Andrew D. , Ahtiainen Juha P.
Published: September 2018

Different stance widths are commonly utilized when completing the barbell back squat during athletic general preparedness training. Width manipulation is thought to influence sagittal plane stimuli to the hip and knee extensors, the primary extensor musculature in the squat. However, how width manipulation affects frontal plane stimuli is less understood. Knowledge of hip and knee net joint moments (NJM) could improve exercise selection when aiming to improve sport‐specific performance and prevent injuries. Fourteen adult amateur rugby athletes were recruited for this study. After a familiarization period, participants performed wide‐ (WIDE, 1.5× greater trochanter width) and narrow‐stance (NARROW, 1× greater trochanter width) barbell back squats to femur parallel depth, using relative loads of 70% and 85% of one‐repetition maximum. Sagittal and frontal plane hip and knee kinetics and kinematics were compared between widths. A Bonferroni‐corrected alpha of 0.01 was employed as the threshold for statistical significance. Knee flexion angle was statistically greater in NARROW than WIDE (P < 0.0001,d = 2.56‐2.86); no statistical differences were observed for hip flexion angle between conditions (P = 0.049‐0.109,d = 0.33‐0.38). Hip‐to‐knee extension NJM ratios and knee adduction NJMs were statistically greater in WIDE than NARROW (P < 0.007,d = 0.51‐1.41). At femur parallel, stance width manipulation in the barbell back squat may provide substantial differences in biomechanical stimulus in both the sagittal plane and the frontal plane. In certain contexts, these differences may have clinically relevant longitudinal implications, from both a performance and a injury prevention standpoint, which are discussed.
Herd‐level prevalence ofSalmonellaDublin among New York dairy farms based on antibody testing of bulk tank milk
Authors: Cummings Kevin J. , Virkler Paul D. , Wagner Bettina , Lussier Elizabeth A. , Thompson Belinda S.
Published: September 2018

SalmonellaDublin is an important cause of salmonellosis among dairy cattle and poses a considerable threat to public health. This serotype is increasingly being identified among bovineSalmonellaisolates from clinical samples in the north‐eastern United States, and these isolates are generally multidrug resistant. Our objective was to estimate the herd‐level prevalence ofSalmonellaDublin among dairy cattle herds throughout New York. Bulk tank milk samples from nearly all commercial dairy herds in New York were collected from milk quality testing laboratories during the first half of 2013. Antibody testing of bulk tank milk was performed using aSalmonellaDublin ELISA kit. Samples representing 4,896 commercial dairies were collected, and antibodies againstSalmonellaDublin were detected in 46 herds (0.9%; 95% CI, 0.7%–1.3%). Given the herd‐level sensitivity of ELISA testing forSalmonellaDublin in bulk tank milk at a single timepoint, this approach presumably underestimated the true prevalence. SomeSalmonellaDublin‐positive herds had both positive and negative bulk tanks at the same sampling time, indicating that herds with multiple tanks should test all of them when using this ELISA. Further research is needed to better understand the epidemiologic features ofSalmonellaDublin in the north‐eastern United States, including risk factors for introduction into dairy herds and principal transmission pathways.
Performance of Nanofiltration Membrane for Printing Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Cheah D. W. , Ramlee N. , Desa A. L. , Misdan N. , Hairom N. H. H.
Published: September 2018

Almost every manufacturing process is the major origin of wastewater with certain characteristic. Printing facility provides a wide range of waste component that is harmful to the environment and people. Those harmful waste component contains high concentration of heavy metals and dye. This paper presents one of the most promising methods to remove the heavy metals and dyes from a printing wastewater before discharging to the environment. The feasibility of commercially available NF270 membrane to treat both heavy metals and dye was thoroughly investigated. The study was carried out using a cross-flow nanofiltration membrane system at operating pressure and temperature set at 5 bar and 24 ˚C, respectively.  Experimental results showed that the permeate flux of NF270 is decreased from 6.2 to 5.0 L/m2.h after 1-h operation. Whilst, the rejection of both iron and zinc ions could be obtained up to 96.9% and 97.8%, respectively. Additionally, almost complete elimination of colour (99.6%) could be achieved using NF270 membrane. Thus, it can be concluded that the commercial NF270 membrane is promising in removing both heavy metal ions and dye from printing wastewater.
The Role of Psychological Safety and Psychological Empowerment on Intrapreneurial Behavior towards Successful Individual Performance: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Mahmoud Mahmoud Ahmad , Ahmad Shuhymee , Poespowidjojo Donny Abdul Latief
Published: September 2018

Though a substantial number of researches have been documented between psychological safety, psychological empowerment and individual level performance, the manner through which these relationships transpires is scarcely studied, principally as regards to individual performance of middle managers in medium enterprises. To address this shortfall and to expound further on these relationships, several researchers proposed mediating variables to better explain the relationship between these variables. Accordingly, this paper proposes intrapreneurial behavior as a mediating variable on the psychological safety, psychological empowerment and individual level performance relationships of middle managers in Nigerian medium enterprises. Psychological safety, psychological empowerment and intrapreneurial behavior relationships have been deliberated, followed by the intrapreneurial behavior and middle manager successful performance relationship and lastly the proposed mediating role of intrapreneurial behavior on the psychological safety, psychological empowerment and individual level performance relationships.
A New Approach for Scaling Aspirating Face Seal Aerodynamics
Authors: Wilhelm Julius , Schwitzke Corina , Bauer Hans-Jörg , Nguyen Tue
Published: September 2018

In the present paper, an approach for scaling the aerodynamics of advanced seals is presented. Modern advanced seals, such as a self-adaptive gas lubricated face seal, comprise elements that are commonly used in turbomachinery sealing. These are labyrinth seals and mechanical face seals. Parameters influencing the aerodynamical and mechanical behavior of each seals type are known. However, a combined methodology to scale the aerodynamics of the self-adaptive seal which consists of more than one element has not yet been published. The proposed methodology is applied to a model self-adaptive seal, and numerical simulations are performed to prove the validity of the approach. The new methodology ensures the transferability of experimental results at lab scale to engine conditions. Since the new approach allows scaling of self-adaptive seal tests, a new unique test rig will be designed accordingly.
Capacitance-voltage profiling of MOS capacitors: A case study of hands-on semiconductor testing for an undergraduate laboratory
Authors: Joy J. , Date M. P. , Arora B. M. , Narasimhan K. L. , Tallur S.
Published: September 2018

Catering to a large undergraduate laboratory class requires the experiments to be robust, low maintenance, and easy to set up with low cost test equipment at the disposal of most university laboratories. Most introductory undergraduate semiconductor device laboratory courses utilize packaged semiconductor integrated circuit chips to illustrate the functioning and applications of fundamental semiconductor devices such as diodes and transistors. While such methods do justice to the illustration of device concepts, the packages abstract the device physics and manufacturing and promote a “black-box” mentality towards device engineering. We have proposed and implemented a novel undergraduate device laboratory experiment, where metal oxide semiconductor capacitor (MOSCAP) devices were designed and fabricated at our university cleanroom and provided to students to perform basic capacitance-voltage profile measurements. To allow over a hundred students to simultaneously perform the experiments, we fabricated miniature test jigs that served as probe stations with spring-loaded pogo pins to make electrical contact with the devices. Using a simple op-amp based circuit that is easy for second year undergraduates to analyze, students are able to successfully extract device parameters such as substrate doping density and flat-band voltage using this experiment, and visualize the different modes of operation of a MOSCAP.
Single-molecule diffusion-based estimation of ligand effects on G protein–coupled receptors
Authors: Yanagawa Masataka , Hiroshima Michio , Togashi Yuichi , Abe Mitsuhiro , Yamashita Takahiro , Shichida Yoshinori , Murata Masayuki , Ueda Masahiro , Sako Yasushi
Published: September 2018

Single-molecule tracking of GPCR diffusion within the plasma membrane reveals the type of ligand with which it interacts.
A Hyperactive Form of the Zinc Cluster Transcription Factor Stb5 Causes
YOR1
Overexpression and Beauvericin Resistance in Candida albicans
Authors: Ramírez-Zavala Bernardo , Manz Hannah , Englert Frank , Rogers P. David , Morschhäuser Joachim
Published: September 2018

Gain-of-function mutations in the zinc cluster transcription factors Mrr1, Tac1, and Upc2, which result in constitutive overexpression of their target genes, are a frequent cause of fluconazole resistance in the pathogenic yeast
Candida albicans
. In this study, we show that an activated form of another zinc cluster transcription factor, Stb5, confers resistance to the natural compound beauvericin via the overexpression of
YOR1
, encoding an efflux pump of the ATP-binding cassette transporter superfamily.
Draft Genome Sequence of Achromobacter spanius Strain 6, a Soil Bacterium Isolated from a Hydrocarbon-Degrading Microcosm
Authors: Gunasekera Thusitha S. , Radwan Osman , Bowen Loryn L. , Brown Lisa M. , Ruiz Oscar N.
Published: September 2018

Achromobacter spanius
strain 6 is a Gram-negative soil bacterium isolated from a hydrocarbon-degrading microcosm. The draft genome sequence of
A. spanius
strain 6 is 6.57 Mb with a G+C content of 64.7% and 5,855 protein coding genes.
Unusual case of levamisole-induced dual-positive ANCA vasculitis and crescentic glomerulonephritis
Authors: Kumar Dileep , Batal Ibrahim , Jim Belinda , Mendez Barbara , Anis Kisra
Published: September 2018

Cocaine adulterated levamisole is an increasingly reported cause of skin necrosis, arthralgia and systemic vasculitis, but renal involvement is uncommon. We present a case of a 40-year-old Hispanic man with a history of cocaine abuse who presented with acute kidney injury to the rheumatology clinic where he was being treated for chronic inflammatory arthritis. He was found to have a serum creatinine of 2.5 mg/dL, microscopic haematuria and subnephrotic proteinuria, along with positive proteinase 3, myeloperoxidase, anticardiolipin antibodies and an elevated antinuclear antibody titre. The renal pathology revealed focal necrotising glomerulonephritis with crescentic features and mild immune type deposition. The patient was treated with cocaine abstinence, pulse dose steroids followed by maintenance prednisone, rituximab and cyclophosphamide. His renal function subsequently improved but did not normalise. We believe that his incomplete improvement was due to the degree of kidney injury on presentation as well as recidivism with cocaine use.
Acute testicular pain secondary to a leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)
Authors: Khan Taufiq , Mahomed Anver , Ghoorun Brijanand , Ali Haider
Published: September 2018

We present the case of a 56-year-old male smoker with a background of hypertension who presented with acute onset right testicular pain secondary to a leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm. Following urgent surgical repair and a complicated intensive care recovery, the patient was discharged with no residual disability. This case highlights an atypical presentation of what is a devastating illness.
Safety of 8-h time restricted feeding in adults with obesity
Authors: Gabel Kelsey , Hoddy Kristin K. , Varady Krista A.
Published: September 2018

This study examines the safety of time restricted feeding (TRF; 8-h feeding window/16-h fasting window daily) in obese adults. Twenty-three subjects participated in an 8-h TRF intervention for 12 weeks. Self-reported adverse events, body image perception, complete blood count, and disordered eating patterns did not change from baseline to week 12. These findings suggest that consuming food within an 8-h window can safely facilitate weight loss in subjects with obesity.
Interannual stability from ensemble modelling
Authors: Stewart Ian J. , Hicks Allan C.
Published: September 2018

Ensemble modelling for fisheries analyses is increasing and may improve on single-model approaches through better representation of uncertainty, reduced potential for bias, and greater stability in results. Stability, defined here as deviations from model estimates as each year of data are added, may be due to the use of multiple models (rather than periodic changes to a single base-case model) and from the buffering effect of characterizing the central tendency with a set of models. However, stability against the addition of new data, although logically appealing, has not been explored for fisheries stock assessment. We use the Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) ensemble as an example and provide a simple simulation to explore the general behavior of results from an ensemble of models. Counterintuitively, we found the models in the halibut example showed high temporal correlations among deviations. However, we found that a small number of models with low among-model deviation correlations could show a stability benefit. Among-model deviation correlations may be a useful diagnostic for analysts developing ensembles or for those performing sensitivity testing of single-model assessments.
Production of the triply charged leptons at the LHC
Authors: Liu Zhi-Cheng , Yue Chong-Xing , Zhao Zhen-Hua
Published: September 2018

The neutrino masses can be ascribed to some operators of higher dimension than the Weinberg operator, so that the energy scale of underlying theory can be lowered to an accessible level for the ongoing or upcoming colliders. We hereby consider an interesting model in this connection where quintuplet fermions with hypercharge [Formula: see text]2 are introduced and therefore the neutrino masses are produced by dimension-11 operators. These exotic fermions can be pairly produced at the LHC via electroweak interactions and subsequently decay to multiple leptons. We simulate the relevant signal and backgrounds of the triply charged fermion in this model, and give the needed integrated luminosity to observe such a particle at the 13 TeV LHC.
Community detection based on preferred mode in bipartite networks
Authors: Wu Guolin , Gu Changgui , Qiu Lu , Yang Huijie
Published: September 2018

Identifying community structures in bipartite networks is a popular topic. People usually focus on one of two modes in bipartite networks when uncovering their community structures. According to this understanding, we design a community detection algorithm based on preferred mode in bipartite networks. This algorithm can select corresponding preferred mode according to specific application scenario and effectively extract community information in bipartite networks. The trials in artificial and real-world networks show that the algorithm based on preferred mode has better performances in both small size of bipartite networks and large size of bipartite networks.
Rational solutions and bright–dark lump solutions to the BKP equation
Authors: Zhang Hai-Qiang , Geng Jiang-Su , Zhang Meng-Yue
Published: September 2018

In this paper, via the limit technique of long wave, the N-order rational solution of the (2+1)-dimensional B-type Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (BKP) equation is derived from the N-soliton solution. In particular, the bright–dark M-lump solution can be obtained from resulting N-order rational solution. This kind of lump wave in BKP equation exhibits the one-peak-one-valley structure which is different from that in KPI equation. In addition, graphical illustration presents the collision dynamics of multi-bright–dark lump waves.
Numerical studies of Thompson’s group F and related groups
Authors: Price Andrew Elvey , Guttmann Anthony J.
Published: September 2018

We have developed polynomial-time algorithms to generate terms of the cogrowth series for groups [Formula: see text], the lamplighter group, [Formula: see text] and the Brin–Navas group [Formula: see text]. We have also given an improved algorithm for the coefficients of Thompson’s group [Formula: see text], giving 32 terms of the cogrowth series. We develop numerical techniques to extract the asymptotics of these various cogrowth series. We present improved rigorous lower bounds on the growth-rate of the cogrowth series for Thompson’s group F using the method from [S. Haagerup, U. Haagerup and M. Ramirez-Solano, A computational approach to the Thompson group F, Int. J. Alg. Comp. 25 (2015) 381–432] applied to our extended series. We also generalise their method by showing that it applies to loops on any locally finite graph. Unfortunately, lower bounds less than 16 do not help in determining amenability.

Again for Thompson’s group F we prove that, if the group is amenable, there cannot be a sub-dominant stretched exponential term in the asymptotics. Yet the numerical data provides compelling evidence for the presence of such a term. This observation suggests a potential path to a proof of non-amenability: If the universality class of the cogrowth sequence can be determined rigorously, it will likely prove non-amenability.

We estimate the asymptotics of the cogrowth coefficients of F to be [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. The growth constant [Formula: see text] must be 16 for amenability. These two approaches, plus a third based on extrapolating lower bounds, support the conjecture [M. Elder, A. Rechnitzer and E. J. Janse van Rensburg, Random sampling of trivial words in finitely presented groups, Expr. Math. 24 (2015) 391–409, S. Haagerup, U. Haagerup and M. Ramirez-Solano, A computational approach to the Thompson group F, Int. J. Alg. Comp. 25 (2015) 381–432] that the group is not amenable.
Large-scale structure probes of modified gravity
Authors: Heymans Catherine , Zhao Gong-Bo
Published: September 2018

Observations of the evolution of large-scale structures in the Universe provides unique tools to confront Einstein’s theory of General Relativity on cosmological scales. We review weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering studies, discussing how these can be used in combination in order to constrain a range of different modified gravity theories. We argue that in order to maximise the future information gain from these probes, theoretical effort will be required in order to model the impact of beyond-Einstein gravity in the nonlinear regime of structure formation.
The isotopic evolution of the Kohistan Ladakh arc from subduction initiation to continent arc collision
Authors: Jagoutz Oliver , Bouilhol Pierre , Schaltegger Urs , Müntener Othmar
Published: September 2018

Magmatic arcs associated with subduction zones are the dominant active locus of continental crust formation, and evolve in space and time towards magmatic compositions comparable to that of continental crust. Accordingly, the secular evolution of magmatic arcs is crucial to the understanding of crust formation processes. In this paper we present the first comprehensive U–Pb, Hf, Nd and Sr isotopic dataset documenting
c.
120 myr of magmatic evolution in the Kohistan-Ladakh paleo-island arc. We found a long-term magmatic evolution that is controlled by the overall geodynamic of the Neo-Tethys realm. Apart from the post-collisionnal melts, the intra-oceanic history of the arc shows two main episodes (150–80 Ma and 80–50 Ma) of distinct geochemical signatures involving the slab and the sub-arc mantle components that are intimately linked to the slab dynamics.
A Survey on Deep Learning
Authors: Pouyanfar Samira , Sadiq Saad , Yan Yilin , Tian Haiman , Tao Yudong , Reyes Maria Presa , Shyu Mei-Ling , Chen Shu-Ching , Iyengar S. S.
Published: September 2018

The field of machine learning is witnessing its golden era as deep learning slowly becomes the leader in this domain. Deep learning uses multiple layers to represent the abstractions of data to build computational models. Some key enabler deep learning algorithms such as generative adversarial networks, convolutional neural networks, and model transfers have completely changed our perception of information processing. However, there exists an aperture of understanding behind this tremendously fast-paced domain, because it was never previously represented from a multiscope perspective. The lack of core understanding renders these powerful methods as black-box machines that inhibit development at a fundamental level. Moreover, deep learning has repeatedly been perceived as a silver bullet to all stumbling blocks in machine learning, which is far from the truth. This article presents a comprehensive review of historical and recent state-of-the-art approaches in visual, audio, and text processing; social network analysis; and natural language processing, followed by the in-depth analysis on pivoting and groundbreaking advances in deep learning applications. It was also undertaken to review the issues faced in deep learning such as unsupervised learning, black-box models, and online learning and to illustrate how these challenges can be transformed into prolific future research avenues.
FocusVR
Authors: Wee Tan Kiat , Cuervo Eduardo , Balan Rajesh
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we present the design and implementation of FocusVR, a system for effectively and efficiently reducing the power consumption of Virtual Reality (VR) devices by smartly dimming their displays. These devices are becoming increasingly common with large companies such as Facebook (Oculus Rift), and HTC and Valve (Vive), recently releasing high quality VR devices to the consumer market. However, these devices require increasingly higher screen resolutions and refresh rates to be effective, and this in turn, leads to high display power consumption costs. We show how the use of smart dimming techniques, vignettes and color mapping, can significantly reduce the power consumption of VR displays with minimal impact on usability. In particular, we describe the implementation of FocusVR in both Android and the Unity game engine and then present detailed measurement results across 3 different VR devices -- the Gear VR, the DK2, and the Vive. In addition, we present the results of 3 user studies, with 68 participants in total, that tested the usability of FocusVR. Overall, we show that FocusVR is able to save up to 80% of the display power and up to 50% of the overall system power, with negligible impact to usability.
Inequality and the Biosphere
Authors: Hamann Maike , Berry Kevin , Chaigneau Tomas , Curry Tracie , Heilmayr Robert , Henriksson Patrik J.G. , Hentati-Sundberg Jonas , Jina Amir , Lindkvist Emilie , Lopez-Maldonado Yolanda , Nieminen Emmi , Piaggio Matías , Qiu Jiangxiao , Rocha Juan C. , Schill Caroline , Shepon Alon , Tilman Andrew R. , van den Bijgaart Inge , Wu Tong
Published: September 2018

Rising inequalities and accelerating global environmental change pose two of the most pressing challenges of the twenty-first century. To explore how these phenomena are linked, we apply a social-ecological systems perspective and review the literature to identify six different types of interactions (or “pathways”) between inequality and the biosphere. We find that most of the research so far has only considered one-directional effects of inequality on the biosphere, or vice versa. However, given the potential for complex dynamics between socioeconomic and environmental factors within social-ecological systems, we highlight examples from the literature that illustrate the importance of cross-scale interactions and feedback loops between inequality and the biosphere. This review draws on diverse disciplines to advance a systemic understanding of the linkages between inequality and the biosphere, specifically recognizing cross-scale feedbacks and the multidimensional nature of inequality.
Novel Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology of Organophosphorus Insecticide Self-Poisoning
Authors: Eddleston Michael
Published: September 2018

Organophosphorus insecticide self-poisoning is a major global health problem, killing over 100,000 people annually. It is a complex multi-organ condition, involving the inhibition of cholinesterases, and perhaps other enzymes, and the effects of large doses of ingested solvents. Variability between organophosphorus insecticides—in lipophilicity, speed of activation, speed and potency of acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and in the chemical groups attached to the phosphorus—results in variable speed of poisoning onset, severity, clinical toxidrome, and case fatality. Current treatment is modestly effective, aiming only to reactivate acetylcholinesterase and counter the effects of excess acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors. Rapid titration of atropine during resuscitation is lifesaving and can be performed in the absence of oxygen. The role of oximes in therapy remains unclear. Novel antidotes have been tested in small trials, but the great variability in poisoning makes interpretation of such trials difficult. More effort is required to test treatments in adequately powered studies.
The Silent Cooperator: An Epigenetic Model for Emergence of Altruistic Traits in Biological Systems
Authors: Hashem I. , Telen D. , Nimmegeers P. , Van Impe J.
Published: September 2018

Spatial evolutionary game theory explains how cooperative traits can survive the intense competition in biological systems. If the spatial distribution allows cooperators to interact with each other frequently, the benefits of cooperation will outweigh the losses due to exploitation by selfish organisms. However, for a cooperative behavior to get established in a system, it needs to be found initially in a sufficiently large cluster to allow a high frequency of intracooperator interactions. Since mutations are rare events, this poses the question of how cooperation can arise in a biological system in the first place. We present a simple model which captures two concepts from genetics that can explain how evolution overcomes the emergence problem. The first concept is, often in nature, a gene may not express its phenotype except under specific environmental conditions, rendering it to be a “silent” gene. The second key idea is that a neutral gene, one that does not harm or improve an organism’s survival chances, can still spread through a population if it is physically near to another gene that is positively selected. Through these two ideas, our model offers a possible solution to the fundamental problem of emergence of cooperation in biological systems.
Comprehensive Optimization of Dual Threshold Independent-Gate FinFET and SRAM Cells
Authors: Ni Haiyan , Hu Jianping , Yang Huishan , Zhu Haotian
Published: September 2018

Independent-Gate (IG) FinFET is a promising device in circuit applications due to its two separated gates, which can be used independently. In this paper, we proposed a comprehensive method to optimize the Dual Threshold (DT) IG FinFET devices by carrying out modulations for the gate electrode work function, oxide thickness, and silicon body thickness. Titanium nitride (TiNx) is used as the tunable work function gate electrode for good performances. The thicknesses of the gate oxide and silicon body are swept by TCAD simulations to obtain the appropriate values. The verification simulation of the optimized transistors shows that the DT IG FinFETs can realize merging parallel and series transistors, respectively, and the current characteristics of the transistors are improved significantly. By extracting the BSIM-IMG model parameters, we can simulate the circuits composed of the proposed DT IG FinFET by using HSPICE with BSIM-IMG model. As practical examples, we optimized two novel 7T SRAM cells using DT IG FinFETs. HSPICE simulation results indicate that the new SRAM cells obtain higher write margin and read static noise margin with lower leakage power consumption than the other implementations.
A democracia participativa no âmbito do Sistema Nacional de Cultura (SNC): reflexões sobre a efetividade dos seus mecanismos
Authors: Oliveira Danilo Júnior de
Published: September 2018

Trata da participação social nos processos de formulação, implementação e avaliação das políticas públicas, apresentando algumas reflexões sobre a efetividade dos mecanismos participativos institucionalizados pelo Sistema Nacional de Cultura (SNC) na formulação, acompanhamento e avaliação das políticas públicas na área da cultura. Aponta para a necessidade de avaliação da efetividade das instituições participativas.
Extracellular Fluid Volume Is an Independent Determinant of Uncontrolled and Resistant Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease: A NephroTest Cohort Study
Authors: Vidal‐Petiot Emmanuelle , Metzger Marie , Faucon Anne‐Laure , Boffa Jean‐Jacques , Haymann Jean‐Philippe , Thervet Eric , Houillier Pascal , Geri Guillaume , Stengel Bénédicte , Vrtovsnik François , Flamant Martin ,   the NephroTest study group, Daugas Eric , Karras Alexandre , Roueff Stéphane , Courbebaisse Marie , Prot‐Bertoye Caroline , Bertocchio Jean‐Philippe , Maruani Gérard , Ronco Pierre , Fessi Hafedh , Rondeau Eric , Letavernier Emmanuel , Tabibzadeh Nahid , Urena‐Torres Pablo
Published: September 2018

Background

Hypertension is highly prevalent during chronic kidney disease (
CKD
) and, in turn, worsens
CKD
prognosis. We aimed to describe the determinants of uncontrolled and resistant hypertension during
CKD
.

Methods and Results

We analyzed baseline data from patients with
CKD
stage 1 to 5 (NephroTest cohort) who underwent thorough renal explorations, including measurements of glomerular filtration rate (clearance of
51
Cr‐EDTA) and of extracellular water (volume of distribution of the tracer). Hypertension was defined as blood pressure (
BP
; average of 3 office measurements) ≥140/90 mm Hg or the use of antihypertensive drugs. In 2015 patients (mean age, 58.7±15.3 years; 67% men; mean glomerular filtration rate, 42±15 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
), prevalence of hypertension was 88%. Among hypertensive patients, 44% and 32% had uncontrolled (≥140/90 mm Hg) and resistant (uncontrolled
BP
despite 3 drugs, including a diuretic, or ≥4 drugs, including a diuretic, regardless of
BP
level) hypertension, respectively. In multivariable analysis, extracellular water, older age, higher albuminuria, diabetic nephropathy, and the absence of aldosterone blockers were independently associated with uncontrolled
BP
. Extracellular water, older age, lower glomerular filtration rate, higher albuminuria and body mass index, male sex, African origin, diabetes mellitus, and diabetic and glomerular nephropathies were associated with resistant hypertension.

Conclusions

In this large population of patients with
CKD
, a lower glomerular filtration rate, a higher body mass index, diabetic status, and African origin were associated with hypertension severity but not with
BP
control. Higher extracellular water, older age, and higher albuminuria were independent determinants of both resistant and uncontrolled hypertension during
CKD
. Our results advocate for the large use of diuretics in this population.