bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soziale Unruhen als nicht-normierte Konflikte Das Beispiel der englischen Riots von 2011
Authors: Liebig Steffen
Published: September 2018

In August 2011, England experienced the most serious rioting since 30 years. The unrest started two days after the fatal police shooting of Mark Duggan in Tottenham and quickly spread to other cities. This article opens with a brief sketch of the recent history of rioting in England from 1980-2010 and a comparison of previous riots with the ones in 2011. Subsequently, a more extensive overview of the current state of research focusing on triggers and structural roots of the 2011 riots and a local case study of Greater Manchester are presented. It is argued that broader social reasons (e .g . deprivation), consumerism, policing, male behavior and racialised conflicts constitute the overall causes for the latest riots. Moreover, the article looks at the riots in the context of class. Unlike the well-known ‘underclass’ discourse, the article applies a non-pejorative understanding of class: From this perspective, the 2011 riots are interpreted as a symptom of an ongoing fragmentation of social conflicts. Wide ranges of people are no longer represented by organizations like unions nor do they trust in welfare or state institutions or organise in conventional ways. This results in non-normative collective action beyond established institutions as well as new forms of how class struggles and social conflicts articulate themselves.
Globaler Schrott
Authors: Bomhauer-Beins Lars , Strüver Anke
Published: September 2018

Global Scrap: Global destruction networks, the production of space and socio-economic structures of the Pakistani ship breaking industry. Every year, hundreds of discarded vessels are broken up at South Asian ship breaking yards, including Chittagong in Bangladesh, Alang in India and Gadani in Pakistan. These (waste) flows of end-of-life vessels are being sent from the global north, notably the European Union, to the global south (Indian Subcontinent). This contribution follows the movement of value through global destruction networks by focusing on the Pakistani ship breaking industry at Gadani Beach and linking its significance for the local and national economy to both global processes as well as to labour conditions and environmental problem.
Strahlende Hinterlassenschaften aus Produktion und Konsumtion
Authors: Brunnengräber Achim , Mez Lutz
Published: September 2018

In no country in which nuclear energy is produced there has been elaborated satisfying solutions for nuclear waste. Since the beginning of this form of energy production, the related immense problems have been downplayed and banalised. The policy of the German governments in the last decades corresponds to this overall picture, and only the last years have seen new initiatives on the national and the EU level, reflecting the growing awareness of this extremely „wicked problem“. Nevertheless, the nuclear industry has until now been successful in refusing its responsibility and externalizing potential risks and costs. Without sufficient public pressure the entanglement between this industry and official bodies will continue and further hinder any constructive solution.
Editorial: Die politische Krise in Europa und die Reorganisation der bürgerlichen Kräfte
Authors: Redaktion Prokla
Published: September 2018

Editorial: Die politische Krise in Europa und die Reorganisation der bürgerlichen Kräfte
Kräfteverhältnisse in der Eurokrise
Authors: Georgi Fabian , Kannankulam John
Published: September 2018

John Kannankulam and Fabian Georgi show, that the dominant authoritarian neoliberal fraction of the german Federal Government made a change of course in summer 2012. It quits with some ordoliberal principles and stops resistance against the mutualization of debt and expansive monetary policy. The alliance of a national-conservative and an ordoliberal fraction broke up. The contradiction within the (neo-)liberals and conservatives result in a foundation of a new right-wing party, the AfD, Alternative für Deutschland (Alternative for Germany). Anyway new conflicts arise and the Great Coalition of Merkel’s CDU and the Social Democrats hold on its hard-line (against greece): austerity. John Kannankulam and Fabian Georgi reconstruct the dynamics on the basis of four phases in which the authoritarian-neoliberal fraction prevail.
Digitale Disziplin
Authors: Meyer Christian
Published: September 2018

Security is one of the most dominant issues in the current political discourse. Almost every topic, ranging from the internet to migration, is being related to security. The article argues that under neoliberal conditions and given the experience of terrorist attacks, inner security turns towards more disciplinary techniques and a discourse, in which security cannot be questioned. It examens the current transformation of security in the sense of a dispositive and gives special consideration to issues of digital surveillance technologies and their relation to society. Following Foucault’s concepts of power, the article argues that discipline and governementality have to be understood within a new configuration driven by technological progress and crisis.
Was für eine Revolution!? Was für ein Jahrhundert!?
Authors: Hürtgen Renate
Published: September 2018

27 years ago the Soviet power bloc collapsed. However, since then the Left has not managed to open a political and theoretical debate in order to discuss its controversies concerning the nature of the Russian Revolution and the „post-revolutionary societies“. This article departs from a conference of the European Left, held in Venice in 1977, which was dedicated to this topic. It inquires about the questions that remained open at the end of the conference, and that can maybe answered from a contemporary perspective.
An Adaptive Ensemble Approach to Ambient Intelligence Assisted People Search
Authors: Xue Dongfei , Wang Xiaonian , Zhu Jin , Davis Darryl N. , Wang Bing , Zhao Wenbing , Peng Yonghong , Cheng Yongqiang
Published: September 2018

Some machine learning algorithms have shown a better overall recognition rate for facial recognition than humans, provided that the models are trained with massive image databases of human faces. However, it is still a challenge to use existing algorithms to perform localized people search tasks where the recognition must be done in real time, and where only a small face database is accessible. A localized people search is essential to enable robot–human interactions. In this article, we propose a novel adaptive ensemble approach to improve facial recognition rates while maintaining low computational costs, by combining lightweight local binary classifiers with global pre-trained binary classifiers. In this approach, the robot is placed in an ambient intelligence environment that makes it aware of local context changes. Our method addresses the extreme unbalance of false positive results when it is used in local dataset classifications. Furthermore, it reduces the errors caused by affine deformation in face frontalization, and by poor camera focus. Our approach shows a higher recognition rate compared to a pre-trained global classifier using a benchmark database under various resolution images, and demonstrates good efficacy in real-time tasks.
Statistically Guided Synthesis of MoV-Based Mixed-Oxide Catalysts for Ethane Partial Oxidation
Authors: Jimenez Juan D. , Mingle Kathleen , Bureerug Teeraya , Wen Cun , Lauterbach Jochen
Published: September 2018

The catalytic performance of Mo8V2Nb1-based mixed-oxide catalysts for ethane partial oxidation is highly sensitive to the doping of elements with redox and acid functionality. Specifically, control over product distributions to ethylene and acetic acid can be afforded via the specific pairing of redox elements (Pd, Ni, Ti) and acid elements (K, Cs, Te) and the levels at which these elements are doped. The redox element, acid element, redox/acid ratio, and dopant/host ratio were investigated using a three-level, four-factor factorial screening design to establish relationships between catalyst composition, structure, and product distribution for ethane partial oxidation. Results show that the balance between redox and acid functionality and overall dopant level is important for maximizing the formation of each product while maintaining the structural integrity of the host metal oxide. Overall, ethylene yield was maximized for a Mo8V2Nb1Ni0.0025Te0.5 composition, while acetic acid yield was maximized for a Mo8V2Nb1Ti0.005Te1 catalyst.
Equilibrium and Kinetic Study of Lead and Copper Ion Adsorption on Chitosan-Grafted-Polyacrylic Acid Synthesized by Surface Initiated Atomic Transfer Polymerization
Authors: Grande-Tovar Carlos David , Vallejo William , Zuluaga Fabio
Published: September 2018

In this work, we synthesized chitosan grafted-polyacrylic acid (CS-g-PA) through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). We also studied the adsorption process of copper and lead ions onto the CS-g-PA surface. Adsorption equilibrium studies indicated that pH 4.0 was the best pH for the adsorption process and the maximum adsorption capacity over CS-g-PA for Pb2+ ions was 98 mg·g−1 and for Cu2+ it was 164 mg·g−1, while for chitosan alone (CS), the Pb2+ adsorption capacity was only 14.8 mg·g−1 and for Cu2+ it was 140 mg·g−1. Furthermore, the adsorption studies indicated that Langmuir model describes all the experimental data and besides, pseudo-second-order model was suitable to describe kinetic results for the adsorption process, demonstrating a larger kinetic constant of the process was larger for Pb2+ than Cu2+. Compared to other adsorbents reported, CS-g-PA had comparable or even superior adsorbent capacity and besides, all these results suggest that the new CS-g-PA polymers had potential as an adsorbent for hazardous and toxic metal ions produced by different industries.
Euphosantianane A–D: Antiproliferative Premyrsinane Diterpenoids from the Endemic Egyptian Plant Euphorbia Sanctae-Catharinae
Authors: Hegazy Mohamed-Elamir F. , Hamed Ahmed R. , Ibrahim Mahmoud A. A. , Talat Zienab , Reda Eman H. , Abdel-Azim Nahla S. , Hammouda Faiza M. , Nakamura Seikou , Matsuda Hisashi , Haggag Eman G. , Paré Paul W. , Efferth Thomas
Published: September 2018

Euphorbia species are rich in diterpenes. A solvent extraction of Euphorbia sanctae-catharinae, a species indigenous to the Southern Sinai of Egypt, afforded several premyrsinane diterpenoids (1–4) as well as previously reported metabolites (5–13) that included three flavonoids. Isolated compounds were chemically characterized by spectroscopic analysis. Identified compounds were bioassayed for anti-proliferative activity in vitro against colon (Caco-2) and lung (A549) tumor cell lines. Compound 9 exhibited robust anti-proliferative activity against A549 cells (IC50 = 3.3 µM). Absolute configurations for 8 versus 9 were determined by experimental and TDDFT-calculated electronic circular dichorism (ECD) spectra.
Use of Polyamidoamine Dendrimers in Brain Diseases
Authors: Florendo Maria , Figacz Alexander , Srinageshwar Bhairavi , Sharma Ajit , Swanson Douglas , Dunbar Gary L. , Rossignol Julien
Published: September 2018

Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are one of the smallest and most precise nanomolecules available today, which have promising applications for the treatment of brain diseases. Each aspect of the dendrimer (core, size or generation, size of cavities, and surface functional groups) can be precisely modulated to yield a variety of nanocarriers for delivery of drugs and genes to brain cells in vitro or in vivo. Two of the most important criteria to consider when using PAMAM dendrimers for neuroscience applications is their safety profile and their potential to be prepared in a reproducible manner. Based on these criteria, features of PAMAM dendrimers are described to help the neuroscience researcher to judiciously choose the right type of dendrimer and the appropriate method for loading the drug to form a safe and effective delivery system to the brain.
Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Activities of Different Fractions from the Leaves of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. and Their GC-MS Profiling
Authors: Gautam Vandana , Kohli Sukhmeen Kaur , Arora Saroj , Bhardwaj Renu , Kazi Mohsin , Ahmad Ajaz , Raish Mohammad , Ganaie Majid Ahmad , Ahmad Parvaiz
Published: September 2018

In this era of urbanization and environmental pollution, antioxidants and antimutagens derived from plants are promising safeguards for human health. In the current investigation, we analyzed the antioxidant and antimutagenic effects of the hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. leaves and determined their chemical composition. The different fractions inhibited lipid peroxidation, repressed the production of nitric oxide radicals, and prevented deoxyribose degradation. The antimutagenic activity of the leaf fractions was analyzed against 4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine, sodium azide and 2-aminofluorene mutagens in two test strains (TA-98 and TA-100) of Salmonella typhimurium. The experiment was conducted using pre- and co-incubation modes. The best results were obtained in the pre-incubation mode, and against indirect acting mutagen. The presence of a number of bioactive constituents was confirmed in the different fractions by GC-MS analysis. The study reveals the strong antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of R. arboreum leaves. We propose that those activities of R. arboreum might correspond to the combined effect of the phytochemicals identified by GC-MS analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the antimutagenic activity of R. arboreum leaves.
The Role of (H2O)1-2 in the CH2O + ClO Gas-Phase Reaction
Authors: Li Junyao , Tsona Narcisse , Du Lin
Published: September 2018

Mechanism and kinetic studies have been carried out to investigate whether one and two water molecules could play a possible catalytic role on the CH2O + ClO reaction. Density functional theory combined with the coupled cluster theory were employed to explore the potential energy surface and the thermodynamics of this radical-molecule reaction. The reaction proceeded through four different paths without water and eleven paths with water, producing H + HCO(O)Cl, Cl + HC(O)OH, HCOO + HCl, and HCO + HOCl. Results indicate that the formation of HCO + HOCl is predominant both in the water-free and water-involved cases. In the absence of water, all the reaction paths proceed through the formation of a transition state, while for some reactions in the presence of water, the products were directly formed via barrierless hydrogen transfer. The rate constant for the formation of HCO + HOCl without water is 2.6 × 10−16 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 298.15 K. This rate constant is decreased by 9−12 orders of magnitude in the presence of water. The current calculations hence demonstrate that the CH2O + ClO reaction is impeded by water.
Salivary Hydrogen Sulfide Measured with a New Highly Sensitive Self-Immolative Coumarin-Based Fluorescent Probe
Authors: Zaorska Ewelina , Konop Marek , Ostaszewski Ryszard , Koszelewski Dominik , Ufnal Marcin
Published: September 2018

Ample evidence suggests that H2S is an important biological mediator, produced by endogenous enzymes and microbiota. So far, several techniques including colorimetric methods, electrochemical analysis and sulfide precipitation have been developed for H2S detection. These methods provide sensitive detection, however, they are destructive for tissues and require tedious sequences of preparation steps for the analyzed samples. Here, we report synthesis of a new fluorescent probe for H2S detection, 4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl 5-azidopentanoate (1). The design of 1 is based on combination of two strategies for H2S detection, i.e., reduction of an azido group to an amine in the presence of H2S and intramolecular lactamization. Finally, we measured salivary H2S concentration in healthy, 18–40-year-old volunteers immediately after obtaining specimens. The newly developed self-immolative coumarin-based fluorescence probe (C15H15N3O4) showed high sensitivity to H2S detection in both sodium phosphate buffer at physiological pH and in saliva. Salivary H2S concentration in healthy volunteers was within a range of 1.641–7.124 μM.
Depsidone Derivatives and a Cyclopeptide Produced by Marine Fungus Aspergillus unguis under Chemical Induction and by Its Plasma Induced Mutant
Authors: Yang Wen-Cong , Bao Hai-Yan , Liu Ya-Yue , Nie Ying-Ying , Yang Jing-Ming , Hong Peng-Zhi , Zhang Yi
Published: September 2018

A new depsidone derivative (1), aspergillusidone G, was isolated from a marine fungus Aspergillus unguis, together with eight known depsidones (2‒9) and a cyclic peptide (10): agonodepside A (2), nornidulin (3), nidulin (4), aspergillusidone F (5), unguinol (6), aspergillusidone C (7), 2-chlorounguinol (8), aspergillusidone A (9), and unguisin A (10). Compounds 1‒4 and 7‒9 were obtained from the plasma induced mutant of this fungus, while 5, 6, and 10 were isolated from the original strain under chemical induction. Their structures were identified using spectroscopic analysis, as well as by comparison with literature data. The HPLC fingerprint analysis indicates that chemical induction and plasma mutagenesis effectively influenced the secondary metabolism, which may be due to their regulation in the key steps in depsidone biosynthesis. In bioassays, compound 9 inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with IC50 in 56.75 μM. Compounds 1, 5, 7, 8, and 9 showed moderate to strong activity towards different microbes. Compounds 3, 4, and 5 exhibited potent larvicidality against brine shrimp. In docking studies, higher negative CDOCKER interaction energy and richer strong interactions between AChE and 9 explained the greater activity of 9 compared to 1. Chemical induction and plasma mutagenesis can be used as tools to expand the chemodiversity of fungi and obtain useful natural products.
Preparation of a Low Reducing Effect Sulfonated Alkali Lignin and Application as Dye Dispersant
Authors: Qin Yanlin , Lin Xuliang , Lu Yaoqin , Wu Siyuan , Yang Dongjie , Qiu Xueqing , Fang Yanxiong , Wang Tiejun
Published: September 2018

A novel grafting hydroxypropyl sulfonated and blocking condensed lignin (GSBAL) dye dispersant was prepared based on alkali lignin (AL) by sulfonation and etherification reactions. The significant increase in the sulfonic group content and the molecular weight endow GSBAL with excellent dispersity and stability at high temperatures. More importantly, the unfavorable property of the reducing effect of AL was largely reduced since over 80% of the phenolic hydroxyl groups were blocked. The functional azo groups in the dye could be mostly retained. The reducing rate of dye with GSBAL was decreased to 6.54% (25 °C), much lower than 18.62% for sulfomethylated alkali lignin (SAL) and 15.73% for sodium lignosulfonate (NaLS). The dispersity and exhaustion of the dye bath with GSBAL dispersant was significantly improved compared with that of a dye bath with SAL and NaLS.
Acute Poisonings at a Regional Referral Hospital in Western Kenya
Authors: Okumu Mitchel Otieno , Patel Minal Naran , Bhogayata Foram Rajnkant , Olweny Irene Awuor , Ochola Francis Okumu , Onono Joshua Orungo
Published: September 2018

The emergency department (ED) of the Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital (JOOTRH) handles many cases of poisoning. However, there is scant information on the factors, agents, and outcomes of poisoning at the hospital. The aim of this work was to determine the factors, agents, and outcomes of poisoning at JOOTRH. Records of patients who presented to JOOTRH with symptoms of poisoning between January 2011 and December 2016 were retrieved. Data on age, gender, offending agents, time, and season of exposure were collected. Information on the route of exposure, motive, and clinical symptoms of poisoning was also included. Other information included the laboratory evaluation, first aid measures, period of hospitalization, and outcome of poisoning. Mean, standard deviation, frequencies and bar graphs were used to describe the demographic factors of the study population. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the strength of association between risk factors and outcome of poisoning among patients. The level of significance for inferential analysis was set at 5%. There were 385 cases of poisoning: 57.9% (223/385) were male, 31.9% (123/385) were 13–24 years of age, and 83.9% (323/385) of exposures were in Kisumu County. The peak time of exposure was 6:00–00:00, and 23.6% (91/385) presented 1–4 h after exposure. About 62.9% (242/385) of the cases were due to accidental poisoning. Snakebites and organophosphates (OPPs) contributed to 33.0% (127/385) and 22.1% (85/385) of all cases, respectively. About 62.1% (239/385) of exposures were oral, and 63.9% (246/385) of all cases occurred in the rainy season. Additionally, 49.2% (60/122) of intentional poisoning was due to family disputes, and 16.1% (10/62) of pre-hospital first aid involved the use of tourniquets and herbal medicine. About 28.6% (110/385) of the victims were subjected to laboratory evaluation and 83.9% (323/385) were hospitalized for between 1–5 days. Other results indicated that 80.0% (308/385) responded well to therapy, while 7.3% (28/385) died, 68% (19/28) of whom were male. Furthermore, 39.3% (11/28) of the deaths were related to OPPs. Our findings suggest that the earlier the victims of poisoning get to the hospital, the more likely they are to survive after treatment is initiated. Similarly, victims of poisoning due to parental negligence are more likely to survive after treatment compared to other causes of poisoning, including family disputes, love affairs, snakebites, and psychiatric disorders. The management of JOOTRH should consider allocating resources to support the development of poison management and control.
La société locale vue à travers la statuaire domestique du Hunan
Authors: Arrault Alain
Published: September 2018

The religious statuary of Hunan provides a rich documentary source on domestic cults. While such statuary can be viewed as the culmination of the long history of the religious image in China, on which a lot of work remains to be done, it nevertheless shows much dissimilarity with that tradition. The most important of those dissimilarities is that the statuettes feature a certificate of consecration, a veritable certificate of civil status which reflects a concrete image of familial religious practices, and adds to the already substantial amount of information on the subject of communitarian cults published in a number of works during the last few decades. Unsurprisingly, but nevertheless instructively, family altars since the end of the Ming dynasty feature not only statuettes of national and local divinities, but also major ancestors and masters of lineage and, above all, close ancestors and masters, this last factor constituting a specificity about which we have little information available. The aim of this article is thus to focus on statues of ancestors and masters with a view to presenting and analyzing the phenomenon and sketching a table of religious practices in Hunan, both diachronically thanks to the "civil status certificates" and historical sources including genealogies, and synchronically using contemporary surveys conducted in the field. This reversal of perspective based on the family nucleus calls into question the nature of the organization of clans and local society, and puts an end to all attempts to apply a global approach to Chinese society.
Structural Controllability of Switched Linear Singular Systems Modelled by Bond Graph
Authors: Bendaoud Mohamed , Hihi Hicham , Faitah Khalid
Published: September 2018

In this paper the modelling and controllability of switched linear singular systems (SLSS) are investigated. First a procedure to draw a hybrid automaton using bond graph approach is proposed. Then, graphical methods are derived in order to determine different conditions for the structural R-I-C-controllability of SLSS systems. These methods are based on simple causal paths and causal manipulations on the switching bond graph model.
Modeling of the Supplying Process of Building Mixture by Using of Peristaltic Concrete Pump
Authors: Chayka Denys , Emeljanova Inga , Grigoryev Alexsander , Andrenko Pavel
Published: September 2018

Presently constructors use peristaltic concrete pumps for wet shotcreting processes or for transferring the building mixes to the place of their deposit. Fitting the flexible-hose concrete pump with a hydraulic drive allows both making the range of its operating modes much broader and enhancing its reliability. Numerically simulated models of the building mixes feeding processes were developed to design a hydraulic drive to fit the general-service flexible-hose concrete pump and to calculate its basic parameters. Simulation of the building mixes feeding processes gave the characteristic curves of the concrete pump operating parameters, determined the time of ramping the concrete pump up to the steady running mode, and estimated the impact of the transferred mix density and viscosity to the maximal system pressure, supplied power and torque values.
Holding convex polyhedra by circular rings
Authors: Maehara Hiroshi , Martini Horst
Published: September 2018

In 1995, T. Zamrescu proved that most convex bodies can be held by circles, that is, for most convex bodies

\mathcal B

it is possible to attach a hinged circular ring of appropriate size to

\mathcal B

so that it cannot slip out of

\mathcal B

. Since then, many results have been obtained concerning the existence of such circles for various convex polyhedra, and the sizes of such circles when they exist. It seems, however, that these results were obtained individually by ad hoc methods. In this paper we develop a unified concept and methods enabling a systematic presentation of these results, and we also obtain a few new results. A complete survey on the topic is also presented.
Good cyclic codes and the uncertainty principle
Authors: Evra Shai , Kowalski Emmanuel , Lubotzky Alexander
Published: September 2018

A long standing problem in the area of error correcting codes asks whether there exist good cyclic codes. Most of the known results point in the direction of a negative answer.

e uncertainty principle is a classical result of harmonic analysis asserting that given a non-zero function

f

on some abelian group, either

f

or its Fourier transform

\hat{f}

has large support.

In this note, we observe a connection between these two subjects. We point out that even a weak version of the uncertainty principle for elds of positive characteristic would imply that good cyclic codes do exist. We also provide some heuristic arguments supporting that this is indeed the case.
ABNORMAL LIVER FUNCTION IN SCRUB TYPHUS
Authors: HU MING-LUEN , LIU JIEN-WEI , WU KENG-LIANG , LU SHENG-NAN , CHIOU SHUE-SHIAN , KUO CHUNG-HUANG , CHUAH SENG-KEE , WANG JING-HOUNG , HU TSUNG-HUI , CHIU KING-WAH , LEE CHUAN-MO , CHANGCHIEN CHI-SIN
Published: September 2018

Scrub typhus is one kind of rickettsial disease and may cause fever, cough, and skin rashes in infected humans. Regarding liver involvement, it was uncommon to be reported in previous medical literature from Western countries. This study observes the relationship between scrub typhus and liver function. From January 1998 to August 2003 in Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan, we observed 30 patients with scrub typhus, and 29 of them had liver function abnormality. In these patients, we found 89.3% with elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, 91.7% with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, 84.2% with elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, and 38.5% with elevated total bilirubin levels. In our study, there is a close relationship between scrub typhus and impaired liver function tests. Therefore, if patients are found with fever of unknown origin and abnormal liver function, we should take scrub typhus into consideration.
Variable Presentation of Neurological Melioidosis in Northeast Thailand
Authors: Limmathurotsakul Direk , Chaowagul Wipada , Wongsrikaew Prawatwong , Narmwong Arhtitpong , Day Nicholas P. , Peacock Sharon J.
Published: September 2018

We describe three instructive cases of neurologic melioidosis that demonstrate the variable nature of clinical manifestations and disease pathology. The appropriate duration and choice of parenteral and oral antimicrobial therapy for neurologic melioidosis are also discussed.
Nonmalarial Acute Undifferentiated Fever in a Rural Hospital in Central India: Diagnostic Uncertainty and Overtreatment with Antimalarial Agents
Authors: Joshi Rajnish , Colford John M. , Reingold Arthur L. , Kalantri Shriprakash
Published: September 2018

Nonmalarial acute undifferentiated fever (NMAUF) refers to a febrile illness with no indication of an organ-specific disease after diagnosis of malaria has been excluded. In developing countries, the empirical treatment of NMAUFs with antimalarial drugs continues even in the era of highly specific rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for malaria. We carried out a retrospective review of patients with fever admitted to a rural teaching hospital in central India. We categorized patients with NMAUF into different clinical syndromes and determined their demographic profile, inhospital course, and the pattern of antimalarial use. The study sample included 1,197 adult patients who were investigated for malaria; 1,053 (88%) of them had NMAUF, and use of further diagnostics in this group was limited. Despite one or more negative tests for malaria, many patients (39.9%, 95% CI 37.0–43.3) received antimalarial drugs. These results suggest a need for guidelines and training to improve empirical treatment of NMAUF.
Seroprevalence of Leptospirosis and Risk Factor Analysis in Flood-prone Rural Areas in Lao PDR
Authors: Kawaguchi Leo , Sengkeopraseuth Bounthanom , Tsuyuoka Reiko , Koizumi Nobuo , Akashi Hidechika , Vongphrachanh Phengta , Watanabe Haruo , Aoyama Atsuko
Published: September 2018

A cross-sectional seroprevalence study on leptospirosis, using microscopic agglutination test (MAT), was conducted in rural villages in Khammouane Province, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, in December 2006. The overall prevalence of leptospiral infection among 406 subjects was 23.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 19.7–28.0%). Independent risk factors for the infection, identified by multivariate logistic regression, were male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.92; 95% CI: 1.24–2.98), recent flooding on one’s own property (OR, 2.12; 95% CI: 1.25–3.58), and collecting wood in the forest (OR, 1.90; 95% CI: 1.17–3.09). Age, occupation, and animal ownership were not associated with seropositivity. Flooding was associated with the risk of infection particularly for women, whose behaviors or activities involving contact with floodwater were presumed to play an important role. This study showed that leptospirosis is endemic in Khammouane Province and that local flooding plays an important role in the transmission of the disease.
A single-column ocean-biogeochemistry model (GOTM-TOPAZ) version 1.0
Authors: Jung Hyun-Chae , Moon Byung-Kwon , Wie Jieun , Park Hye-Sun , Lee Johan , Byun Young-Hwa
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Recently, Earth System Models (ESMs) have begun to consider the marine ecosystem to reduce errors in climate simulations. However, many models are unable to fully represent the ocean biology-induced climate feedback, which is due in part to a significant amount of bias in the simulated biogeochemical properties. We developed the Generic Ocean Turbulence Model–Tracers of Phytoplankton with Allometric Zooplankton (GOTM-TOPAZ) model, a single-column ocean-biogeochemistry model, which can be used to improve the ocean-biogeochemical processes of ESMs. This model was developed by combining GOTM, a single-column model (SCM) that can simulate the ocean's physical environment, and TOPAZ, a biogeochemical module. Here, the original form of TOPAZ was modified and modularized to allow easy coupling with other ocean physical models. For interactions between the ocean physics and biogeochemical processes, the model was designed to allow the ocean temperature to change due to absorption of visible light by phytoplankton chlorophyll. We also added a module to reproduce upwelling and the air-sea gas transfer process for O2 and CO2, which are of particular importance for marine ecosystems. To evaluate the simulation performance of GOTM-TOPAZ, simulated variables (e.g., chlorophyll, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon) were compared against observations. Our newly developed GOTM-TOPAZ model was able to capture the observed the temporal variations of upper-ocean chlorophyll reasonably well. Moreover, the simulated levels of dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon were consistent with the observations, which confirmed that GOTM-TOPAZ is reliable enough to be used in studies on climate systems. In particular, the TOPAZ module developed in this study may be used to couple complex biogeochemical processes with various ocean global circulation models and contribute to improved understanding of the feedback between climate and ocean-biogeochemical processes.
Avalanche Impact Pressures on Structures with Upstream Pile-Up/Accumulation Zones of Compacted Snow
Authors: Bartelt Perry , Caviezel Andrin , Degonda Sandro , Buser Othmar
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Existing methods to calculate snow avalanche impact pressures on rigid obstacles are based on the assumption of no upslope pile-up of snow behind the structure at impact. Here we develop a method to predict avalanche impact pressures that accounts for the compaction and accumulation process. We show why this process leads to large impact pressures even at low avalanche approach velocities. The induced pressure depends on the incoming avalanche flow density relative to the ultimate compaction density because this determines the avalanche braking distance and therefore the flow deceleration in the upstream direction. The pile-up/accumulation process induces two additional pressures: (1) the static pressure of the pile-up zone and (2) the tractive stresses operating on the shear planes interfacing the accumulated and still moving avalanche snow. We demonstrate the use of the model on two theoretical examples and one real case study. Avalanche mitigation in maritime regions, or regions undergoing climate change with increasing wet snow avalanche activity, should consider the forces caused by the pile-up/accumulation process in engineering design.
Emoji hashtags // hashtag emoji: Of platforms, visual affect, and discursive flexibility
Authors: Highfield Tim
Published: September 2018

This paper examines the communicative functions of emoji in concert with hashtags, comparing two platform-specific approaches to combining hashtags and emoji: emoji hashtags as discursive markers on Instagram, and platform-directed hashtag emoji on Twitter. These approaches offer key insights into the dynamics between the platforms and their users, from user-led practices on Instagram to the commercial partnerships over-riding user intentionality on Twitter. Such different means of combining emoji and hashtags then demonstrate how platforms variously support and restrict their users’ platform vernaculars and discursive creativity within their everyday social media practices.
Designing Customized 3D Printed Models for Surgical Planning in Repair of Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Chen Sarah , Hibino Narutoshi , Garcia Juan
Published: September 2018

Advances in diagnostic imaging and 3D printing technologyhave enabled the creation of patient-specic models. Thisresearch established a wor kow for creating 3D printedcongenital hear t defec t (CHD) models, focusing specically oncreating aor tic arch models optimized for surgical planning andsimulation for hypoplastic left hear t syndrome (HLHS) stage Ipalliation. Novel methods for creating C T as well as 3Dultrasound and 3D fetal ultrasound derived prints were explored.
Animating External Magnetic Guidance of Intrathecally Delivered Gold-Coated Nanoparticles to Treat Intramedullary Spinal Tumors
Authors: Orland Adriana , Lebowicz Leah , Wellman Christa , Mehta Ankit , Brennan Kevin M.
Published: September 2018

Intramedullary spinal cord tumors (IMSCTs) are rare neoplasms in the central nervous system (CNS), accounting for 2-4% of all CNS tumors.1 Astrocytomas, a common type of IMSCT, are inltrative and do not have a clear plane of dissection making surgical removal difficult. Due to limitations in current surgical options, along with adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the use of external magnets to guide intrathecally delivered gold-coated nanoparticles has been proposed as a less invasive treatment for eliminating astrocytomas.1,2 An animation was developed to create a new resource providing an overview of the procedure and to teach grant committees, surgical residents, and surgical faculty. A qualitative survey was administered to provide residents, faculty, and researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) Neurosurgery and Neurology Departments an opportunity to provide comments. Likert scale questions and qualitative comments confirmed that the animation was effective in accurately portraying the technique and was a valuable visual aid for neurosurgeons. This new resource will continue to helpintroduce and explain the procedure for anticipated upcoming clinical trials.
Multiparity in Adolescents: Family and Sociocultural Factors
Authors: Toro Moraima Del , Manrique Yolima , Ruidiaz Keydis , Hamdan Muna
Published: September 2018

INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is a unique period of rapid growth and development in girls, that mixes the physical, emotional and social spheres of childhood and adulthood. It starts with the changes of puberty and ends when an autonomous young adult emerges.OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors related to multiparity in a certain vicinity of Cartagena, Colombia.METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional and exploratory study, consisting of 207 adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years residing in locality 2 in Cartagena.RESULTS: The average age of the adolescents surveyed was 18.32 years. It was found that teenagers’ will to have 2 children (with respect to having 3) is lower (in 0.175) in girls with an educational level higher than primary school. When a family is moderate in giving orders or rules, the chance of a teen to have 2 children instead of 3 is 3.95 times higher than in those families that are not moderate. When planning the first pregnancy, the desire of adolescents to have a second child and not a third is 17.607 higher these girls that had unplanned first in those in which their first pregnancy was not planned. Whereas in pregnancies due to the misuse of contraceptives, the probability of not conceiving a third child is 3.7 times higher than those who became pregnant for a different reason. Adolescents who attended prenatal controls have a preference of 0.021 for having 4 or more children instead of 3, with respect to those who do not attend.CONCLUSIONS: A series of family and sociocultural factors were identified in this study, that relate to multiparity in adolescents. The family is the core unit of health and the ideal entity to convey protective factors.
The Advancements in the Early Detection of Zika Virus Infection
Authors: Huang Sharon Sherry , Huang Erick Ceasar , Huang Chao Shen
Published: September 2018

The Zika Virus (ZIKV) was propelled to international attention during its outbreak from 2015-2016. Interestingly, the most recent outbreak was not ZIKV’s first, although it proved to be the most widespread and impactful, with millions affected in South America, Asia and Africa. Presently no longer considered a global emergency, ZIKV has managed to invoke fear and realization of the susceptibility of the global population to rapidly evolving viruses. In addition, the difficulty of diagnosing the virus demonstrates a deficiency in a rapid, virus specific, and accurate diagnostic tool for the family of flaviviruses that ZIKV belongs to. This paper reviews the approved identification methods along with an analysis of the advantage and disadvantages of each, as well as emerging alternative approaches in ZIKV diagnosis. Common problems with currently utilized methods include slow turnover time, limited throughput, need for further testing to confirm diagnosis, narrow sample compatibility, and cross reactivity to DENV and other similar viruses, Although newer methods discussed in the paper, namely Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence (ECL) and Reporter Virus Neutralization Test (RVNT), show improvement in throughput quantity, speed, and efficiency, it is not certain whether these tests are virus specific and will not react in the presence DENV. The rapidity of diagnosis is important in ensuring timely access to treatment as well as tracking and containing future possible epidemics, Concurrently, virus specificity is equally crucial in ensuring correct diagnosis. Thus, the challenge lies in finding the balance between the two.
El devenir de la arqueología de los medios: derroteros, saberes y metodologías
Authors: Alsina Pau , Rodríguez-Granell Ana , Yael Hofman Vanina
Published: September 2018

En este artículo introducimos algunos de los diferentes vectores clave de gestación y desarrollo de la denominada Arqueología de los Medios, ámbito de conocimiento y marco de investigación objeto del presente monográfico. Partimos de una mirada arqueológica de largo recorrido con el propio ámbito, estableciendo conexiones transversales con autores, conceptos y perspectivas afines al ámbito que permiten comprender el trasfondo que lo articula. Sin voluntad de ser exhaustivos elaboramos un breve estado de la cuestión que permita orientarnos por las diferentes aproximaciones presentes en el monográfico, mostrando a su vez su heterogeneidad y complejidad constitutiva, a través de algunos de sus autores más emblemáticos, siendo conscientes a su vez de la necesidad de avanzar en su desarrollo particular.
Georg Simmel como filósofo
Authors: Manheim Karl
Published: September 2018

Karl Mannheim (1893-1947) y Georg Simmel (1858-1918) son dos nombres clave en la historia de la Sociología. Sus enfoques han desafiado el paso del tiempo concediéndoles el estatus de clásicos. Las condiciones sociohistóricas que hacen posible tal fenómeno en una disciplina científica son, sin duda, tema de interés para la «sociología del conocimiento», a la que el primero de los autores dedicó ingentes esfuerzos.

A diferencia de lo mucho que se ha escrito en torno a la relación entre Weber y Simmel, o entre este y Lukács, es relativamente poco lo que sabemos sobre el vínculo entre Simmel y Mannheim. ¿Qué influencia pudo haber tenido el berlinés en la sociología del húngaro? ¿Qué opinión le merecía a este el pensamiento de quien fuera su antiguo maestro?
Protección al consumidor e incitación al juego compulsivo en los bonos de bienvenida de las casas de apuestas online
Authors: Hidalgo Cerezo Alberto
Published: September 2018

El crecimiento del juego online en España en los últimos años resulta notorio. Como consecuencia de ello han proliferado empresas y casas de apuestas de toda índole, produciéndose en el mercado nacional una situación de extraordinaria competencia en el sector. Las campañas publicitarias alcanzan todo tipo de medios: escritos, televisivos, radiofónicos y en línea, lo que supone una amplísima difusión que debe llevar aparejada una importante exigencia de control, por tratarse de una materia muy delicada que pueda acabar afectando a la salud de las personas. El presente trabajo pretende poner de relieve que los bonos de bienvenida, en el modo en que actualmente se configuran, resultan una incitación a comportamientos recogidos en la literatura médica como de riesgo de ludopatía, vulnerando derechos esenciales a la salud y a la información. En efecto, tras este incentivo inicial, se esconde un oscuro clausulado para cuyo cumplimiento se exige al usuario una frecuencia de juego que puede ser peligrosa para su salud, en tanto que impone comportamientos calificados como de «alto riesgo», con la connivencia y permisividad de la Dirección General de Ordenación del Juego. Todo ello al abrigo de una laxa y muy difusa interpretación del concepto de «juego responsable», tan pobremente desarrollado que podría llegar a considerarse un «concepto jurídico indeterminado».
Jornada sobre mediación en el ámbito de la familia y deporte con ocasión del día Europeo de la mediación
Authors: Vilalta Nicuesa Aura Esther
Published: September 2018

El pasado día 18 de enero de 2018 tuvo lugar en la sede central de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya la celebración del Día europeo de la Mediación, con una Jornada dedicada a la mediación en el ámbito de la familia y del deporte.
Editorial
Authors: Delgado García Ana M.
Published: September 2018

El número 26 de la Revista Internet, Derecho y Política contiene diversos artículos sobre distintos aspectos actuales del uso e impacto de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en el ámbito jurídico y político.
НА КРИВУДАВОМ ПУТУ КРИТИЧКОГ ИЗДАВАЊА ГРАЂЕ О СРЕДЊОВЕКОВНОЈ БОСНИ: ПОВОДОМ ДЕСЕТОГОДИШЊИЦЕ „ГРАЂЕ О ПРОШЛОСТИ БОСНЕ“
Authors: Исаиловић Невен
Published: September 2018

Часопис „Грађа о прошлости Босне“ ове године обележава значајанјубилеј – десетогодишњицу покретања и редовног излажења. Пратећипример часописа „Стари српски архив“ (чије је излажење започето 2002. уБеограду), „Грађа о прошлости Босне“ настала је на крилима ентузијазмакоји се осећао у српским медиевистичким круговима, а који је подстаклаобнова интересовања за издавање средњовековних документарнихизвора и за помоћне историјске науке, а посебно дипломатику. Главнициљ оба часописа било је интензивирање рада на издавању тзв. Српскогдипломатара, пројекта који је идејно започет пре више од века, а чија јереализација успорено текла последњих педесетак година.1 Док је „Старисрпски архив“ покренула група професора са Одељења за историјуФилозофског факултета Универзитета у Београду, на челу са доајенимасрпске медиевистике – Симом Ћирковићем и Радетом Михаљчићем, дотлеје „Грађа о прошлости Босне“ у сваком смислу заслуга и чедо професораМихаљчића који је, мотивисан позитивним искуством и међународнимодјеком првог дипломатичког часописа чији је био вишегодишњиуредник, али уједно и вођен љубављу према своме завичају, успео дауз подршку Академије наука и умјетности Републике Српске покренечасопис који је посвећен издавању и проучавању документарне грађе оБосни, пре свега средњовековној.
ДУБРОВАЧКО ПИСМО ВОЈВОДИ РАДИЧУ САНКОВИЋУ ПОВОДОМ ТРАЖЕЊА ПОЗАЈМИЦЕ
Authors: Смиљанић Аранђел
Published: September 2018

Дубровчани су, 30. марта 1399, упутили писмо РадичуСанковићу, као одговор на његово писмо у коме је хумски војвода тражиопозајмицу. Власти Општине одбиле су његов захтјев, правдајући се лошимфинансијским стањем. При томе су истицали случај од прије неколико годинакада је у њиховом граду боравио краљ Жигмунд, кога су као свог господара наслично тражење, такође, одбили. Како су у том периоду, након продаје Приморја,односи између Дубровника и Радича били поремећени, власти Општине сутежиле да се такво стање измијени. Зато је други дио писма пун лијепих ријечии жеља, при чему су максимално искористили свој добро познати дипломатскитакт. На њихову жалост, војводи Радичу лијепе ријечи нису биле довољне, те јепрољеће и љето исте године испуњено новим дипломатским контактима. Онису на крају донијели међусобни договор, али се чини да је старо повјерењеотишло у неповрат, те да је једном успостављена „зла крв“ међу њима пријеили касније морала доћи до изражаја, што се и десило за вријеме рата Босне иДубровника 1403. и 1404. године.
ПОВЕЉА ДУБРОВЧАНА ВОЈВОДИ РАДОСАВУ ПАВЛОВИЋУ О УЛАГАЊУ НА ДОБИТ ДИЈЕЛА ЊЕГОВОГ НОВЦА ОД ПРОДАЈЕ КОНАВАЛА
Authors: Драгичевић Павле
Published: September 2018

У раду се анализира текст повеље коју су Дубровчани1426. године издали босанском војводи Радосаву Павловићу, којом су потврдилида су примили 6.000 дуката који су му припали од продаје Конавала. Тедукате су његови посланици у име поменутог војводе уложили на добит (на5% камате) у Дубровачкој општини. Рад садржи приједлог реконструисаногтекста повеље на старосрпском и превод на модерни српски језик, те поглављау којима се разматрају физички опис и дипломатичке особености наведеногдокумента.