bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An exploration of seniors' relationships with prescription pharmaceutical brands
Authors: Deshpande Sameer , Chreim Samia , Bello Roberto , Ross Evashkevich Terry
Published: June 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore relationships that seniors (aged 55 and above) experience with prescription pharmaceutical brands, thus attending to situations where consumers have limited control over brand choice.

Design/methodology/approach

A phenomenological study was conducted involving interviews with seniors in two Canadian cities. Phenomenology relies on a small number of interviews that are analyzed in depth and describes the lived consumer experience. Data analysis focused on types of relationships participants had experienced with brands and factors that influenced relationships.

Findings

Analysis reveals four types of relationships that seniors hold with prescription pharmaceutical brands. The interpersonal relationship metaphor of arranged marriages can be used to describe relationship forms that seniors develop with brands. The quality of relationship seniors have with prescribing physician, who acts as marriage broker, and brand attributes influence relationships with prescription pharmaceutical brands. Consumer's ethos and nature of illness also influence brand relationships.

Research limitations/implications

The study provides insights into brand choice situations where consumers have low control and addresses impact of intermediaries on consumer experiences. It opens the way for further research on mediated brand relationships.

Practical implications

Marketing managers need to understand the role of intermediaries, where applicable, in influencing consumer relationships with brands.

Originality/value

The study closes a gap in academic research (which is sparse) on relationships with prescription pharmaceutical brands held by consumers – specifically older consumers. It also encourages a critical view of the arranged marriage metaphor as a means of understanding consumer‐brand interactions.
Evaluating the effect of cost related factors on relationship quality
Authors: Tareque Aziz Mohammed , Azila Mohd Noor Nor
Published: June 2013

Purpose

In today's competitive retail industry maintaining relationships with suppliers has become very important to modern day retailers. To develop and maintain long‐term relationships with their suppliers, retailers need to identify and understand the key antecedents enhancing the quality of their relationships. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of the cost related factors on relationship quality in the retail industry.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is exploratory in nature and involved factor and multiple regression analysis. Data were cross sectional in nature and the unit of analysis was individual retail companies in Bangladesh.

Findings

Results derived from the exploratory factor analysis revealed a new factor named operational cost. The results of the regression analysis showed that termination cost became the strongest predictor influencing the quality of a retailer's relationship with its suppliers.

Research limitations/implications

The characteristics of the three cost related factors from the study indicated that future research should focus on and incorporate other factors influencing relationship quality in retail settings.

Practical implications

The results from the study identified a few key cost factors, based upon which the retailers can take necessary steps to develop effective relationship marketing strategies with their suppliers.

Social implications

The findings from this research can guide retailers to enhance their relationship with their suppliers, thus contributing toward a more harmonious working environment within the B2B domain.

Originality/value

The research is based on primary data collected from Bangladesh's retail industry.
Real estate decision making as actor networks
Authors: Grabowski Louis J. , Mathiassen Lars
Published: June 2013

Purpose

Sound real estate decisions are both financially and strategically essential to corporate success. Given their importance, this paper aims to illustrate how the actor network theory (ANT) can be a valuable alternate lens to bounded rational and political perspectives in providing insights into corporate real estate decision‐making processes.

Design/methodology/approach

This exploratory investigation uses a case study approach to retroactively examine the real estate decision‐making process over five to seven years in four organizations ranging in size from four to 125 employees. The study uses multiple data sources including 25 in‐depth interviews, site visits, archival data, websites, documents, and email correspondence.

Findings

Using the constructs of ANT, the findings reveal how real estate decision making involves iterative but identifiable phases through which heterogeneous actors seek to converge diverse interests and where artifacts affect behaviors and outcomes as much as or sometimes more than their human creators.

Research limitations/implications

Given the case study method, this research lacks generalizability. Researchers are encouraged to test the findings in different contexts.

Practical implications

The ANT perspective helps managers faced with real estate decisions to appreciate the relevant matrix of need, power, and interests; recognize and seek to control the power of artifacts; and, view real estate decision making not as simply making a choice among logical alternatives, but as orchestrating a long, complex process.

Originality/value

This investigation compares the perspectives of ANT to the classical bounded rational and political lenses in examining corporate real estate decision making; demonstrates ANT's value in providing additional insights; and, discusses its implications for understanding and managing these complex processes.
Analysis on the new types and countermeasures of credit card fraud in mainland China
Authors: Bai Feng , Chen Xiangmin
Published: June 2013

Purpose

The research on analysis on the new type and countermeasures of credit card fraud in mainland China mainly aims to take a comprehensive approach to fight against fraud and place a strong emphasis on fraud prevention conducted in the best interests of financial institutions, card holders, merchants and law enforcement authorities to keep fraud from happening in the first place and to give more information on anti‐credit card fraud best practices.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the authors analyzed the relevant definitions in Chinese statutes and ordinances, the new types of credit card fraud which have occurred in China in recent years and what would be the effective countermeasures to fight against and prevent them. It was completed based on many references and extensive survey in police organs in China.

Findings

With the credit card more and more widely used in mainland China as a most prevalent means of payment and settlement, credit card crime has been rapidly increasing to accompany this, with more fraudulent and disguised features which add to the complexity and difficulties of the work on its combating and prevention.

Originality/value

Hopefully, it explores for the best to detect and combat credit card fraud crimes and can contribute to the healthy growth of bankcard industries, meanwhile calling for the involvement of the concerted efforts of the banks, merchants, the public and the law enforcement personnel.
Accessibility at a public university: student's perceptions
Authors: Simonson Steve , Glick Scott , Ellen C. Nobe Mary
Published: June 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to measure student perceptions of accessibility at a public university based on campus, new building, and old building accessibility and perceived impacts this may have on the student's quality of education.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was administered to students registered with the office of Resources for Disabled Students at a large university. ANOVA and regression were used to evaluate the survey results.

Findings

The campus was found to be Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) compliant, with several areas identified for improvements based on disabled students' reported perceptions. Many of the improvements were between groups with cognitive and mobility impairments. All groups reported a positive relationship between improved accessibility and improved educational experience.

Research limitations/implications

The study focused on one institution but the results and existing literature may be useful to other facility management departments.

Practical implications

The results of this work may help facility managers and resource for disabled student groups target limited resources to improve the quality of education at public universities.

Social implications

The ability to fine‐tune institutional facilities to improve the experiences of disabled persons improves the outcomes and stated goals of the ADA.

Originality/value

This work supports many previous studies while expanding the population studied to include looking at building users on a college campus with both physical and mental impairments. This helps facility managers increase their understanding of the accessibility issues that may still remain on college campuses that are technically ADA compliant.
Work engagement as a key driver of quality of care: a study with midwives
Authors: Freeney Yseult , Fellenz Martin R.
Published: June 2013

Purpose

Against a backdrop of increased work intensification within maternity hospitals, the purpose of this paper is to examine the role of work engagement in the quality of care delivered to patients and in general health of the midwives delivering care, as reported by midwives and nurses.

Design/methodology/approach

Quantitative questionnaires consisting of standardised measures were distributed to midwives in two large maternity hospitals. These questionnaires assessed levels of work engagement, supervisor and colleague support, general health and quality of care.

Findings

Structural equation modelling analysis revealed a best‐fit model that demonstrated work engagement to be a significant partial mediator between organisational and supervisor support and quality of care, and as a significant predictor of self‐reported general health. Together, supervisor support, social support and organisational resources, mediated by work engagement, explained 38 per cent of the variance in quality of care at the unit level and 23 per cent of variance in general health among midwives (χ2(67)=113; p<0.01, CFI=0.961, RMSEA=0.06).

Research limitations/implications

The study is limited in that it uses self‐report measures of quality of care and lacks objective indicators of patient outcomes. The cross‐sectional design also does not allow for causal inferences to be drawn from the data.

Practical implications

This study provides evidence for the links between individual levels of work engagement and both health and self‐reports of unit level quality of care. The results support the importance of health services organisations and managers deploying organisational resources to foster employee work engagement. The results also highlight the significant role of the immediate nurse manager and suggest training and development for such roles is a valuable investment.

Originality/value

These results are the first to link work engagement and performance in health care contexts and point to the value of work engagement for both unit performance and for individual employee well‐being in health organisations.
High performance HRM: NHS employee perspectives
Authors: Hyde Paula , Sparrow Paul , Boaden Ruth , Harris Claire
Published: June 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine National Health Service (NHS) employee perspectives of how high performance human resource (HR) practices contribute to their performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on an extensive qualitative study of the NHS. A novel two‐part method was used; the first part used focus group data from managers to identify high‐performance HR practices specific to the NHS. Employees then conducted a card‐sort exercise where they were asked how or whether the practices related to each other and how each practice affected their work.

Findings

In total, 11 high performance HR practices relevant to the NHS were identified. Also identified were four reactions to a range of HR practices, which the authors developed into a typology according to anticipated beneficiaries (personal gain, organisation gain, both gain and no‐one gains). Employees were able to form their own patterns (mental models) of performance contribution for a range of HR practices (60 interviewees produced 91 groupings). These groupings indicated three bundles particular to the NHS (professional development, employee contribution and NHS deal).

Practical implications

These mental models indicate employee perceptions about how health services are organised and delivered in the NHS and illustrate the extant mental models of health care workers. As health services are rearranged and financial pressures begin to bite, these mental models will affect employee reactions to changes both positively and negatively.

Originality/value

The novel method allows for identification of mental models that explain how NHS workers understand service delivery. It also delineates the complex and varied relationships between HR practices and individual performance.
The system integration of anti‐money laundering data reporting and customer relationship management in commercial banks
Authors: Tang Jun , Ai Lishan
Published: June 2013

Purpose

This paper proposes to use system integration between customer relationship management (CRM) and anti‐money laundering (AML) suspicious data reporting in commercial banks to increase the initiative of suspicious transaction identification, reduce the false reporting rates, and improve the intelligence quality.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper introduces the structure of CRM in commercial banks, discusses deficiencies of the current AML data reporting system, and designs the layering of CRM and AML transaction identification module.

Findings

This paper finds that the functions of customer behavior analysis and customer background investigation of CRM system can be redesigned and used for increasing the quality of AML suspicious transaction reporting in commercial banks.

Originality/value

This paper creatively proposes that system integration of CRM and AML suspicious transaction reporting can make a contribution to reducing the AML cost for commercial banks.
Corporate motive and fit in cause related marketing
Authors: Moosmayer Dirk C. , Fuljahn Alexandre
Published: June 2013

Purpose

Cause related marketing (CrM) has gained popularity in Europe within the past decade. Therefore, the authors aim to investigate corporate motive and the fit of a company brand with the CrM cause as determinants of CrM campaign success.

Design/methodology/approach

Conjoint analysis is applied to campaign evaluations from 278 students in Germany. Campaigns attached to laptop purchases supporting an African hospital with either medical (low fit) or IT (high fit) infrastructure and were based on altruistic, neutral, or profit‐oriented company motives.

Findings

The authors find that altruistic motives increase consumer evaluations. In contrast to their hypothesis, campaigns are evaluated more positively, when product cause fit is low.

Research limitations/implications

Based on their findings, the authors suggest exploring the fit of CrM campaigns in more detail: future research might explicitly consider the congruence of a CrM donation with a company's product, with the brand's claim and philosophy, and with the supported NPO.

Practical implications

Companies should think twice before using CrM as means of profit maximization. When selecting an adequate cause, attention should be paid to the company brand and to a product's potential impact on society. Moreover, the donation type (money versus product) should be chosen in a way to clearly support the cause and to avoid potential allegation of aiming at an increased distribution of own products.

Originality/value

The authors apply conjoint analysis to corporate motive and cause‐brand fit; this integrated consumer evaluation appears more realistic than most existing studies. Based on their results, the authors develop diverse perspectives on fit in CrM. These may be applied in future research.
An investigation ofK‐means clustering to high and multi‐dimensional biological data
Authors: Baridam Barileé B. , Montaz Ali M.
Published: June 2013

Purpose

TheK‐means clustering algorithm has been intensely researched owing to its simplicity of implementation and usefulness in the clustering task. However, there have also been criticisms on its performance, in particular, for demanding the value ofKbefore the actual clustering task. It is evident from previous researches that providing the number of clusters a priori does not in any way assist in the production of good quality clusters. The authors' investigations in this paper also confirm this finding. The purpose of this paper is to investigate further, the usefulness of theK‐means clustering in the clustering of high and multi‐dimensional data by applying it to biological sequence data.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors suggest a scheme which maps the high dimensional data into low dimensions, then show that theK‐means algorithm with pre‐processor produces good quality, compact and well‐separated clusters of the biological data mapped in low dimensions. For the purpose of clustering, a character‐to‐numeric conversion was conducted to transform the nucleic/amino acids symbols to numeric values.

Findings

A preprocessing technique has been suggested.

Originality/value

Conceptually this is a new paper with new results.
The use of marketing concepts in library services: a literature review
Authors: Garoufallou Emmanouel , Siatri Rania , Zafeiriou Georgia , Balampanidou Ekaterini
Published: June 2013

Purpose

Marketing supports the reaching of organizational goals by focusing on the identification and satisfaction of customer needs, thus it can also contribute considerably in achieving the objectives of non‐profit organizations such as libraries. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the literature on the incorporation of marketing notions and the implementation of marketing techniques in library management. It reviews definitions, present different opposing views, marketing issues, social media and Web 2.0 and opinions on the adoption of marketing in a non‐profit organization environment, and examines different successful examples of marketing implementation, concentrating on the gains resulting from such a move.

Design/methodology/approach

A thorough literature search on various databases and on various aspects of this topic was reviewed. The literature review is organised on emerging themes directly drawn from the literature, thematically and chronologically within each section. It aims to identify the changing perspectives, the current challenges, and the benefits offered by examining information science specialists' views. The main marketing concepts are identified throughout a strategic planning approach, which has been recommended as the most successful by the majority of researchers.

Findings

This paper examines and clarifies the existing misunderstandings and difficulties in library and information services marketing, and stresses the importance of its adoption in this contemporary competitive environment. It examines library marketing in six sections: misconceptions regarding library marketing, main challenges and reasons as to why the adoption of marketing concepts is an integral part of the strategic planning, reports on the international library organizations, provides a description of the implementation of strategic marketing and planning processes, presents some library marketing approaches and examines the contemporary technological opportunities for library marketing in the digital era, such as the use of Web 2.0 tools.

Originality/value

The paper broadens the library marketing literature by gathering researchers' scientific views and advice and identifies the main implementation concerns derived from the earlier and more recent relevant literature. Moreover, for the first time, IT records issues concerning library marketing, social media and Web 2.0.
The opposite of witchcraft:Evans‐Pritchard and the problem of the person
Authors: Mills Martin A.
Published: June 2013

The principal legacy ofEvans‐Pritchard's 1937 ethnographyWitchcraft, oracles and magic among theAzandehas been to associate debates over the rationality of witchcraft with its social categorization as a facet of misfortune and enmity. In combination withEvans‐Pritchard's own scepticism regarding witches, this allowed the rationality debate to isolate witchcraft as a distinctive special case. This logical exceptionalism was at odds withEvans‐Pritchard's own assertion of witchcraft's ordinariness, and is not supported by comparable ethnography from theLadakh region of theHimalayas or by the unabridged versions ofOracles, both of which point towards an indigenous understanding of witchcraft as one variation on a spectrum of everyday action and craft. Instead, a revised reading ofOraclessuggests that even the most basic quotidian representations of personal agency raise larger questions as to anthropology's understanding of how humans ascribe action and personhood, a debate which stands at the heart of its status as a science.
‘Bridges to cash’: channelling agency in mobile money
Authors: Maurer Bill , Nelms Taylor C. , Rea Stephen C.
Published: June 2013

Encountered by mobile money professionals – industry and philanthropic actors seeking to bring mobile phone‐enabled financial products to poor people in the ‘developing world’ – the authors move together with new collaborators to inquire into a problem they had been grappling with for some time. This is the problem of agency; specifically, the agency of ‘mobile money agents’, the people ‘on the ground’ or ‘in the field’ who form a crucial function in permitting others to put cash into an electronic money transfer system and pull cash out of it. These ‘humanATMs’ or ‘bridges to cash’ become the object of analytical scrutiny for mobile money experts and anthropologists. This article takes that analytical scrutiny – and not mobile money agents themselves – as its object. It seeks to understand how ‘agency’ inflects debates over money, its meaning and its pragmatics, and its transformation in new communicative infrastructures, and how it might inform anthropology and political struggles over money and payment.
Who is my stranger? Origins of the gift in wartimeLondon, 1939‐45
Authors: Whitfield Nicholas
Published: June 2013

The subject of this paper is the association of gift rhetoric with blood donation inLondon during the early 1940s. Querying the view that the original concept of ‘the gift relationship’ was the product ofRichardTitmuss's influential study of blood transfusion of 1970,Ilocate the origins of the gift in propaganda materials of the Second World War, and describe their relation to images of transfusion recipients and the ideal of one‐to‐one giving. In order to offer an alternative to accounts that describe the gift as anachronistic and incompatible with modern methods of procurement and transfusion, here I demonstrate the profound connections between gift rhetoric and the anonymity wrought by techniques of cold storage and blood banking.
Species longevity in North American fossil mammals
Authors: PROTHERO Donald R.
Published: June 2013

Species longevity in the fossil record is related to many paleoecological variables and is important to macroevolutionary studies, yet there are very few reliable data on average species durations in Cenozoic fossil mammals. Many of the online databases (such as the Paleobiology Database) use only genera of North American Cenozoic mammals and there are severe problems because key groups (e.g. camels, oreodonts, pronghorns and proboscideans) have no reliable updated taxonomy, with many invalid genera and species and/or many undescribed genera and species. Most of the published datasets yield species duration estimates of approximately 2.3–4.3 Myr for larger mammals, with small mammals tending to have shorter species durations. My own compilation of all the valid species durations in families with updated taxonomy (39 families, containing 431 genera and 998 species, averaging 2.3 species per genus) yields a mean duration of 3.21 Myr for larger mammals. This breaks down to 4.10–4.39 Myr for artiodactyls, 3.14–3.31 Myr for perissodactyls and 2.63–2.95 Myr for carnivorous mammals (carnivorans plus creodonts). These averages are based on a much larger, more robust dataset than most previous estimates, so they should be more reliable for any studies that need species longevity to be accurately estimated.
Price Concentration: New Evidence from Greek Industries and the Cournot Model
Authors: Apergis Nicholas , Monastiriotis Vasilios
Published: June 2013

This paper investigates the degree of competitive forces across Greek industries over the period 2000–2011 at the three‐digit SIC level. Based on the simple Cournot modelling approach, three alternative models are used to investigate the competitive conditions across industries. The empirical results indicate that the majority of Greek industries, with the exception of the Chemicals industry, operate in non‐competitive conditions.
Application of an ex vivo cellular model of circadian variation for bipolar disorder research: a proof of concept study
Authors: Bamne Mikhil N , Ponder Christine A , Wood Joel A , Mansour Hader , Frank Ellen , Kupfer David J , Young Michael W , Nimgaonkar Vishwajit L
Published: June 2013

Objectives

Disruption of circadian function has been observed in several human disorders, including bipolar disorder (BD). Research into these disorders can be facilitated by human cellular models that evaluate external factors (zeitgebers) that impact circadian pacemaker activity. Incorporating a firefly luciferase reporter system into human fibroblasts provides a facile, bioluminescent readout that estimates circadian phase, while leaving the cells intact. We evaluated whether this system can be adapted to clinical BD research and whether it can incorporate zeitgeber challenge paradigms.

Methods

Fibroblasts from patients with bipolar I disorder (BD‐I) (n = 13) and controls (n = 12) were infected ex vivo with a lentiviral reporter incorporating the promoter sequences for Bmal1, a circadian gene to drive expression of the firefly luciferase gene. Following synchronization, the bioluminescence was used to estimate period length. Phase response curves (PRCs) were also generated following forskolin challenge and the phase response patterns were characterized.

Results

Period length and PRCs could be estimated reliably from the constructs. There were no significant case‐control differences in period length, with a nonsignificant trend for differences in PRCs following the phase‐setting experiments.

Conclusions

An ex vivo cellular fibroblast‐based model can be used to investigate circadian function in BD‐I. It can be generated from specific individuals and this could usefully complement ongoing circadian clinical research.
A steady‐state theory for processive cellulases
Authors: Cruys‐Bagger Nicolaj , Elmerdahl Jens , Praestgaard Eigil , Borch Kim , Westh Peter
Published: June 2013

Processive enzymes perform sequential steps of catalysis without dissociating from their polymeric substrate. This mechanism is considered essential for efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of insoluble cellulose (particularly crystalline cellulose), but a theoretical framework for processive kinetics remains to be fully developed. In this paper, we suggest a deterministic kinetic model that relies on a processive set of enzyme reactions and a quasi steady‐state assumption. It is shown that this approach is practicable in the sense that it leads to mathematically simple expressions for the steady‐state rate, and only requires data from standard assay techniques as experimental input. Specifically, it is shown that the processive reaction rate at steady state may be expressed by a hyperbolic function related to the conventional Michaelis–Menten equation. The main difference is a ‘kinetic processivity coefficient', which represents the probability of the enzyme dissociating from the substrate strand before completing n sequential catalytic steps, where n is the mean processivity number measured experimentally. Typical processive cellulases have high substrate affinity, and therefore this probability is low. This has significant kinetic implications, for example the maximal specific rate (Vmax/E0) for processive cellulases is much lower than the catalytic rate constant (kcat). We discuss how relationships based on this theory may be used in both comparative and mechanistic analyses of cellulases.
microRNA‐133a regulates the cell cycle and proliferation of breast cancer cells by targeting epidermal growth factor receptor through the EGFR/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Cui Wenjing , Zhang Shuai , Shan Changliang , Zhou Li , Zhou Zhemin
Published: June 2013

microRNAs are small, highly conserved, non‐coding RNAs that regulate gene expression of target mRNAs through cleavage or translational inhibition, and are widely involved in carcinogenesis and cancer development. In this study, the expression profile of microRNA‐133a (miR‐133a) was examined in breast cancer cells and breast cancer tissues. The results showed that expression of miR‐133a in both breast cancer cells and breast cancer tissues was significantly down‐regulated. Over‐expression of miR‐133a in tumor cells arrested the cell cycle by drastically decreasing the G2/S phase and retarded the newly synthesized DNA, suggesting a regulatory role for miR‐133a in proliferation of breast cancer cells. Bioinformatics prediction showed that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a potential target for miR‐133a. A dual luciferase reporter gene assay showed that miR‐133a bound to the 3′ UTR of EGFR but not a mutated 3′ UTR, thereby down‐regulating the protein expression level. Accordingly, we found that expression of EGFR protein decreased with increased expression of miR‐133a in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Over‐expression of miR‐133a in breast cancer cells resulted in suppression of the level of phosphorylated Akt protein (p‐Akt) and inhibition of p‐Akt nuclear translocation. These results demonstrate that miR‐133a, which may act as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer, regulates the cell cycle and proliferation in tumorigenesis by targeting EGFR through the downstream signal molecule Akt. Overall, these results show that miR‐133a may be used as biomarker and/or therapeutic target for diagnosis and therapy of breast cancer.
Climate warming and the agonistic behaviour of invasive crayfishes in Europe
Authors: Gherardi Francesca , Coignet Aurore , Souty‐Grosset Catherine , Spigoli Daniele , Aquiloni Laura
Published: June 2013

Climate warming often leads to shifts in the strength and sign of agonistic interactions among species, which in turn may change their distribution ranges. Notwithstanding the ubiquity of this phenomenon, there is scant literature about how interspecific agonistic behaviour changes with altered thermal regime, especially for invasive species such as three widespread North American crayfishes in Europe (Orconectes limosus, Procambarus clarkii and Pacifastacus leniusculus).

We conducted a laboratory study to analyse some descriptors of agonistic behaviour in fighting dyads of similarly sized males of the three species' combinations, both at 20 °C (the current maximum water temperature in the study area, central France) and 27 °C (the maximum expected in the next 80 years under the more pessimistic IPCC greenhouse gas emission scenario).

The results showed significantly different responses to warming by the three crayfishes. At 27 °C, O. limosus spent more time motionless and P. leniusculus was more often the subordinate, independent of the opponent. On the contrary, the agonistic strategy of P. clarkii did not change with temperature: when engaged in fighting, this species outcompeted both O. limosus and P. leniusculus.

Caution should be taken when extrapolating laboratory studies to the field, but these results, combined with outputs of previous modelling exercises, suggest that European catchments will become dominated by P. clarkii with climate warming. Ultimately, this might lead to impoverished biodiversity, simplified food webs and altered ecosystem services.
Democracy, Elections and Government Budget Deficits
Authors: Haan Jakob de
Published: June 2013

I review research on the relationship between democracy and government indebtedness. I first discuss whether the extent to which politicians use fiscal policy for reelection purposes is conditioned by a country’s experience with democracy. Political budget cycles are not confined to young democracies, but evidence suggests that in younger democracies such cycles are more likely and also stronger than in more mature democracies. Next, I discuss whether the use of fiscal policy by the incumbent increases his/her chances for reelection. Research discussed suggests that political parties in government benefit to some extent if fiscal policy turns expansionary before elections occur.
Regulated nuclear entry of over‐expressed Setdb1
Authors: Cho Sunwha , Park Jung Sun , Kang Yong‐Kook
Published: June 2013

Setdb1 is a histone H3‐lysine 9 (H3K9)‐specific methyltransferase that interacts with various transcriptional regulators to induce local heterochromatin formation and participates as an indispensable component in building promyelocytic leukemia nuclear body (PML‐NB), which is involved in various biological processes. We studied the effects of Setdb1 over‐expression. We unexpectedly observed that exogenously expressed GFP‐Setdb1 was retained in the cytoplasm, whereas endogenous Setdb1 showed a punctate nuclear signal. Leptomycin B (LMB) treatment, which blocks protein export from the nucleus, showed that entry of GFP‐Setdb1 to the nucleus was regulated and that GFP‐Setdb1 in the nucleus could localize at PML‐NB as endogenous Setdb1. An analysis of Setdb1 deletion constructs showed that the N‐terminal region was related to the nuclear export of Setdb1; supporting this, we detected two nuclear export signal motifs in this region. This N‐terminal region had a SUMO interaction motif (SIM) whose mutation greatly reduced the ability of Setdb1 to associate with PML‐NB and thus resulted in the disaggregation of PML‐NB structure. We therefore presume that the cytoplasmic retention of over‐expressed Setdb1 occurs as part of a regulatory mechanism to set a tight limit on the nuclear activity of Setdb1, whose excess activity might result in random and haphazard chromatin modifications that cause globally aberrant gene expression.
How Much Diffusion Lesion Reversal Occurs after Treatment within Three-Hours of Stroke Onset?
Authors: Campbell Bruce C. V. , Davis Stephen M. , Donnan Geoffrey A.
Published: June 2013

In this issue of the journal, Sakamoto et al. present an analysis of diffusion lesion evolution in acute ischemic stroke patients first imaged less than three-hours from stroke onset. Although temporary lesion volume reduction was observed following reperfusion, the affected regions were generally abnormal on follow-up fluid attenuated inversion recovery imaging, indicating lack of tissue salvage. Taken in conjunction with other recent articles, it seems that temporary postreperfusion ‘reversal’ of diffusion lesions is quite common but usually does not translate to permanent tissue salvage. A minority of patients demonstrate permanent reversibility of a component of the acute diffusion lesion. This is dependent on early reperfusion and is more frequent when patients are treated within three-hours. Early reperfusion is clearly associated with a reduction in infarct growth through salvage of ischemic penumbra, and this probably contributes more to the favorable neurological outcomes in these patients than the relatively small volumes of diffusion reversal. It is currently unknown whether future therapeutic advances that increase the speed and success rates of reperfusion will increase the proportion of reversibility further and lead to clinically relevant salvage within the diffusion lesion. For the present, it appears that intravenous tissue plasminogen activator rarely achieves substantial permanent reversal of diffusion lesions, even when administered within three-hours.
Three More Jigs in the Puzzle: The Unity of Analogy, Beatitude and Virtue in Thomas' Summa Theologiae
Authors: Overmyer Sheryl
Published: June 2013

Scholarship abounds on the notion of analogy in Thomas Aquinas' writing. Scholarship also abounds on Thomas' treatment of beatitude and virtue. Yet seldom does scholarship treat the fundamental unity Thomas intended among analogy, beatitude and virtue in the Summa Theologiae. This article traces the connections between these terms to re‐endow terms like ‘beatitude’ and ‘virtue’ with a theological meaning that may surprise, and it shows how Thomas assumes that what we say of God is of first importance.
Hospitality and tone: holding patterns for strangeness in rural Mongolia
Authors: HUMPHREY CAROLINE
Published: June 2013

In rural Mongolia, hospitality without expectation of a return is a prime ethical and practical virtue, but it is always performed rather than merely spontaneous. Oral maxims of hospitality designate the acts to be performed, lending them a crafted, aesthetic quality and forming a holding pattern that mediates the mutual vulnerability of the host and guest. It is argued that this situation can be analysed through the concept of ‘tone’, a cultural artefact's organizing affect. The production of affective reassurance – the ideal of hospitality – is, however, often shot through with disturbing emotions and negative forms of distancing.

Dans la Mongolie rurale, pratiquer l'hospitalité sans rien attendre en retour est une vertu éthique et pratique majeure, mais elle est toujours une performance plutôt qu'une attitude spontanée. Les maximes orales de l'hospitalité définissent les actes à accomplir, conférant à ceux‐ci un caractère travaillé et esthétique et constituant un schéma directeur qui médie la vulnérabilité réciproque de l'hôte et de l'invité. L'auteure avance que cette situation peut être analysée par le concept de « ton », un affect qui organise un artefact culturel. La production d'une assurance affective, idéal de l'hospitalité, est cependant souvent parcourue d'émotions perturbatrices et de formes négatives de distanciation.
Indigenous attire, exoticization, and social change: dressing and undressing among the Emberá of Panama
Authors: THEODOSSOPOULOS DIMITRIOS
Published: June 2013

In the final quarter of the twentieth century, the Emberá in Panama abandoned their traditional attire in favour of Western clothes. Recently, however, the introduction of indigenous tourism in the country has encouraged a positive re‐evaluation of Emberá traditional attire and enhanced its visibility nationally and internationally. Such transformations in Emberá dress – both the disregard for and re‐evaluation of it – can shed some light on the fluid, non‐unidirectional nature of social change in indigenous society. I argue that Western exoticization – inherent in the expectation of the authentic and/or the suspicion that particular traditions are ‘invented’– misrepresents the complexity and dynamic nature of Emberá clothing practices. Contemporary Emberá choices about how to dress in different contexts should instead be understood as responses to two forms of exoticization: the stereotyping of indigenous practices, but also their idealization. In this rendering, the reintroduction of the old Emberá ways of dressing, when this occurs, should be read not as a static imitation of the past, but instead as a reflexive adjustment to new opportunities for cultural representation in the present.

Dans le dernier quart du XXème siècle, les Emberá du Panama ont renoncéà leur tenue traditionnelle et adopté les vêtements occidentaux. L'apparition du tourisme indigène dans le pays a pourtant suscité un récent retour en grâce de la tenue traditionnelle et favorisé sa visibilité dans le pays et à l'étranger. Ces transformations du vêtement des Emberá, abandonné puis redécouvert, peuvent jeter un éclairage sur le caractère fluide et multidirectionnel du changement social dans les sociétés autochtones. L'auteur affirme que la tendance occidentale à l'exotisation, inhérente aux attentes d'authenticité et/ou au soupçon que certaines traditions sont « inventées », ne rend pas correctement compte de la complexité et de la nature dynamique des pratiques vestimentaires chez les Emberá. Il vaudrait mieux envisager les choix actuels de ceux‐ci sur la manière de s'habiller dans tel ou tel contexte comme des réponses à deux formes d'exotisme: les stéréotypes et/ou l'idéalisation des pratiques indigènes. De ce point de vue, la réintroduction des anciennes manières de se vêtir, lorsqu'elle a lieu, ne doit pas être perçue comme une imitation statique du passé mais comme une adaptation réfléchie à de nouvelles possibilités de représentation culturelle dans le présent.
Multiple nostalgias: the fabric of heritage inLuangPrabang (LaoPDR)
Authors: Berliner David
Published: June 2013

This article explores the workings of nostalgia as a major driving force in heritage‐making. Based on my fieldwork inLuangPrabang, an ancient royal town of northernLaos which became aUNESCO ListedWorldHeritageSite in 1995, I propose that it is necessary to disentangle the multiple nostalgic attachments which lie behind the often‐mentioned label ‘nostalgia’ from those which are not necessarily nostalgic. I explore the various engagements of diverse actors with nostalgia, and how these engagements, rooted in personal experiences, intersect with specific postures towards time, history, heritage, development, and culture. Secondly, my aim is to highlight the performative aspects of nostalgia in the fabric of heritage. I argue that, by attempting to preserve spaces, practices, and objects,UNESCOexperts and national civil servants effectively transform them. Far from stopping transmission and culture mechanisms, patrimonial recognition creates aesthetic forms, historical narratives, politics of transmission, and, more generally, social configurations. I delve into the processes through whichLuangPrabang has been turned into a heritage scene and a tourist attraction, and I contend that such transformation is rendered possible by the concatenation ofUNESCOprojects, cosmopolitan gentrification, tourism development, and state programmes.
Assessing Rating Agencies' Ability to Predict Bank Bankruptcy – The Lace Financial Case
Authors: SANTONI ALESSANDRO , ARBIA BARBARA
Published: June 2013

This paper responds to renewed interest in the following controversial question: do rating agencies have the ability to predict the risk of bank bankruptcy in a timely manner, and are they able to communicate it on time to the banking system? We tried to provide an answer to this question by checking when US banks that failed in 2009 were downgraded to Non‐Investment Grade (E). The database for this analysis consists of 116 US banks failing in 2009. The rating agency considered is Lace Financial Corporation. The study analyses the time series of ratings for the sample banks from the fourth quarter of 2005 to the date of bankruptcy and shows that over 72 per cent of the US banks that failed in 2009 had been downgraded to E in the fourth quarter prior to failure and 94 per cent had been rated E six months prior to bankruptcy. Empirical evidence from the Lace case does support the view that the Credit Rating Agency provides timely information to market participants.
The Presence of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Proximal Finger and Reconstruction with a Bilobed Transposition Flap
Authors: MOY RONALD LEONARD , QUAN MATTHEW BRETT
Published: June 2013

In a 71 year old white female a clinically diagnosed keratoacanthoma on the dorsum of the right third finger was removed using Mohs micrographic surgery and histologically diagnosed as a squamous cell carcinoma. It was shown by dot blot hybridization to have HPV type 16 DNA in the tumor. The wound was reconstructed with a bilobed transposition flap.
Reconstruction of the Nose with Local Flaps
Authors: ZITELLI JOHN A. , FAZIO MICHAEL J.
Published: June 2013

The author presents the results of a study of 200 patients with surgical defects of the nose following excision of skin malignancies. The location, size, depth, and quality of the adjacent skin, the reconstruction choice, and the cosmetic result were recorded. Healing by second intention was most useful for wounds in concave areas. Full‐thickness skin grafts were used for defects too large for local flaps, or for defects on the nasal tip or alar surface. Local flaps were the most useful choice for nasal reconstruction. Transposition flaps, in particular, were most useful for each cosmetic sub unit of the nose.
A Comparison of Sclerosing Agents: Clinical and Histologic Effects of Intravascular Sodium Morrhuate, Ethanolamine Oleate, Hypertonic Saline (11.7%), and Sclerodex in the Dorsal Rabbit Ear Vein
Authors: GOLDMAN MITCHEL P.
Published: June 2013

The dorsal marginal rabbit ear vein was injected with 0.25 ml of 2.5, 1, or 0.5% sodium morrhuate, 2.5, 1, or 0.5% ethanolamine oleate, hypertonic saline 11.7%, or Sclerodex. Only the vessel injected with 2.5% sodium morrhuate demonstrated clinical and histologic evidence of endosclerosis with microangiopathic recanalization; 2.5% ethanolamine oleate demonstrated partial clinical sclerosis and luminal recanalization histologically. All other evaluated solutions except 0.5% ethanolamine oleate produced immediate clinical and histologic endothelial damage and thrombosis. However, these latter solutions did not produce sufficient endothelial damage to cause endosclerosis. Extravasated red blood cells occurred in vessels injected with 1 and 2.5% ethanolamine oleate and 1 and 2.5% sodium morrhuate at 1 hour and 2 days, but not in vessels injected with sodium morrhuate 0.5%, ethanolamine oleate 0.5%, Sclerodex, or hypertonic saline 11.7%. Hemosiderin discoloration was not apparent clinically. Cutaneous necrosis was not observed with any of the evaluated solutions.
Using a Low Current Radiosurgical Unit To Obliterate Facial Telangiectasias
Authors: HARRIS DAVID R. , NOODLEMAN RICHARD
Published: June 2013

A method is presented using the Ellman Surgitron to obliterate facial telangiectasias in an effective manner. One of several types of needles, low current setting, and continuous depression of the footswitch provide efficiency with virtual pain‐free operation.
Liposculpture 2: Evaluation of the Patient for Liposculpture
Authors: FISCHER GIORGIO
Published: June 2013

The author discusses cannula development and patient evaluation and selection for liposculpture. The author recommends that surgeons new to liposculpture should choose their patients carefully to avoid poor cosmetic outcomes.
Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Patient with Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis
Authors: DHILLON INDER , ZOUZIAS DIMITRIS , GERONEMUS ROY
Published: June 2013

A patient with epidermodysplasia verruciformis died of intracranial invasion by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A biopsy of clinically normal skin had revealed perineural invasion by malignant keratinocytes. Because SCCs arising in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis may be biologically aggressive, it is best to excise them with careful control of the surgical tissue margins.