bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal control problem on COVID-19 disease transmission model considering medical mask, disinfectants and media campaign
Authors: Aldila Dipo
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a system of ordinary differential equation approach is developed to understand the spread of COVID-19. We first formulate the dynamic model by dividing the human population based on their health status, awareness status, and also including the free virus on the environment. We provide a basic analysis of the model regarding the well-posed properties and how the basic reproduction number can be used to determine the final state of COVID-19 in the population. A Pontryagin Maximum’s Principle used to construct the model as an optimal control problem in a purpose to determine the most effective strategies against the spread of COVID-19. Three control strategies involved in the model, such as media campaign to develop an awareness of individuals, medical masks to prevent direct transmission, and use of disinfectant to reduce the number of free virus in the environment. Through numerical simulations, we find that the time-dependent control succeeds in reducing the outbreak of COVID-19. Furthermore, if the intervention should be implemented as a single intervention, then the media campaign gives the most effective cost strategy.
Case Overview of Patients under Surveillance of COVID-19 in Central Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Sutiningsih Dwi , Nur Ayu Merzistya Aufiena , Prabowo Yulianto , Sugiharto Aris , Agung Wibowo Mufti
Published: November 2020

Central Java reported 1,541 cases of Patients Under Surveillance until April 14th, 2020. It is expected to increase everyday. However, reports about the epidemiological characteristics of Patients Under Surveillance cases are still limited. This study aims to describe Patients Under Surveillance case of COVID-19. The study used quantitative descriptive design, whereas many as 1,541 cases were described based on the characteristics, contact history, history of transit, and the symptoms. The data are obtained from the Department of Health, Central Java and processed with descriptive statistical data analysis. Results showed from 1,541 cases as much as 59.9% were male and 43% aged 19-44 years. As many as 154 death cases were dominated by men (61.6%) and elderly ≥60 years (38.3%). The highest IR was Semarang (16.85/100,000 population). Symptoms that often found were cough, fever, dyspnea (8.3%), and 3.96% asymptomatic. The history of contact with the traveling person (4.7%). The most visited city was Jakarta (7.5%). It is concluded that cases in Central Java spread across 35 cities with a high number of cases and mortality. It is necessary to conduct a detailed Patients Under Surveillance case reports to monitor the spread of the virus that can be prevented in advance.
The effect of gender on the exclusive breastfeeding practices in the first month of life
Authors: Lisnawati Naintina , Rahayuning Pangestuti Dina , Zahroh Wardatus
Published: November 2020

Exclusive breastfeeding practice (EBP) has a main role in growth and development of infant. Research show that EBP in the first month of life influenced by many factors. Therefore, this study aimed to identified factors that related to EBP of infants in the first month of life. A cross sectional study was conducted on 35 breastfeeding mothers in Kedungmundu Sub-district, Semarang, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Mother’s general characteristic and prelacteal feeding were collected by structured questionnaires. Moreover, anthropometric measurements such as mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC), height, body weight, and body fat percentage were also collected. Data analysis used Chi-square, Fisher Exact, Mann-whitney, and Logistic Regression Test. The results showed that all of infants were born in normal birth weight. MUAC, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and median parity of mothers were 26 cm, 23.2 kg/m2, 29.6% and 2 children, respectively. This study also found that mothers who breastfeed their babies exclusively in the first month of life were only 44%, and gender was significantly related to EBP (p=0.026). 65% non EBP mothers have a male infant which is they need large amount of breast milk than female. In conclusion, gender effect on the availability of breast milk on breastfeeding mothers.
Conjoint Analysis for Evaluation of Customer’s Preference of Analgesic Generic Medicines under Non-proprietary Names
Authors: Susanty Aries , Purwanggono Bambang , Budi Puspitasari Nia , Allison Chellsy
Published: November 2020

The main objective of this research is to get greater insight into the customer preferences in purchasing analgesic generic medicines under the non-proprietary name and to identify clusters with different preference structures. This research uses conjoint analysis (CA) and cluster analysis as data processing. This research collects the data through questionnaire from 200 respondents and uses the convenience sampling method to choose 200 respondents from sixteen districts in Semarang. The result of data processing with conjoint analysis indicated that customer prefers the analgesic generic medicine under the non-proprietary name with the following condition: the price of 20% of analgesic generic-branded minutes, has 15 minutes onset time of effect, can be purchased at minimarket, in the form of syrup, and the source of information is family and friend. Moreover, the result of data processing also indicated that the importance of attribute is the place of purchase, followed by price, onset time of drugs, the form of drugs, and, the source of information. Then, the result of data processing with clustering analysis indicated that the respondent can be grouped into four clusters. The attribute that has the highest importance level in cluster 1 until cluster 4 is ‘form of drugs’, ‘the place of purchase’, ‘source of information’, and ‘price’, respectively.
Stability Analysis of Tuberculosis Epidemic Model with Saturated Infection Force
Authors: Sutimin  , Herdiana Ratna , Soelistyo U R. Heri , Permatasari A. Henindya
Published: November 2020

A mathematical model with saturated infection rate is studied incorporating the effect of treatment for Tuberculosis (TB) infected individuals. The model is studied to analyze the local stability of equilibriums by center manifold. The effect of treatment, namely chemoprophylaxis for exposed individuals and therapy for infectious individuals is investigated numerically. The numerical results show that the chemoprophylaxis treatment is more effective in decreasing the spread of TB epidemic. Otherwise it increases the healthy individuals.
Relationship between Social Support and Psychological Well-Being of the Final Year Students
Authors: Saputra Muji R. , Setyo Palupi Listyati
Published: November 2020

Research shows that final year students experience stress when they work on their thesis. This situation has affected their psychological well-being. According to Ryff psychological well-being is a condition of someone who is free from pressure and problems. Thus, this study aims to determine the relationship between social support and psychological well-being of final year students who are working on a thesis. This research was conducted at Airlangga University. This study uses a quantitative approach. This research was conducted on 156 students that are working on their thesis at Airlangga University. Data obtained using a survey method that uses a measure of social support scale developed by Zimet and psychological well-being scale developed by Palupi in the journal Studia Universitatis Maladaviae. The data analysis technique used in this study is Pearson Product Moment. The results of the analysis show a correlation of 0.760 which means there is a relationship between social support and psychological well-being of the final year students who are working on their thesis.
The Effect of NDVI and NDBI on Land Surface Temperature in Cirebon City 2015 and 2019
Authors: Liviona D.A. Cantika , Saraswati Ratna , Wibowo Adi
Published: November 2020

The development of a city is essentially influenced by the growth and development of the population, where the city as a physical container of urban community activity. Cirebon City is experiencing rapid regional development, such as the access of the Cipali highway which is connected directly to DKI Jakarta (Capital City). Therefore, the city of Cirebon has a relatively high connectivity where the cities cause a movement of people and goods to the city of Cirebon more quickly and more intensely. Since the middle of the 20th century, human activity has been closely linked to global warming that occurred from observations of rising global average temperatures. This study aims to analyze changes in LST in the city of Cirebon. LST was obtained from Landsat images and analysis spatially and temporally. This study also analyzes the effect of NDVI and NDBI with LST in 2015 and 2019 with 93 sample points selected by stratified random sampling and using multiple linear regression methods. Analysis of LST changes is done by overlay method. The analysis showed spatially the city center has a very high temperature. LST changes occur in the city center to the southern part of the city of Cirebon. The results of multiple linear regression tests of land surface temperature are influenced by vegetation density and building density.
Multi-Criteria Decision Making with the VIKOR and SMARTER Methods for Optimal Seller Selection from Several E-Marketplaces
Authors: Arif Miftahul , Suseno Jatmiko Endro , Isnanto R. Rizal
Published: November 2020

Many similar products offered by several sellers in e-marketplace applications make the buyers need to be more selective when shopping. This article addresses the prioritization of the goods sellers alternatives in e-marketplace by integrating the VIKOR with the SMARTER method for the process of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) by considering various variables as selection criteria. There are five variables of sellers in the e-marketplace that are used as selection criteria, namely: product price, number of products sold, seller score rating, number of reviews with five stars, and location distance. The SMARTER method is used to determine the criteria weight, and the VIKOR model to rank the alternative priorities according to the weighted index. The case studies are conducted on three e-marketplace in Indonesia with the most number of monthly web visitors, namely: Shopee, Tokopedia, and Bukalapak. Finally, integration of SMARTER and VIKOR method allows the buyers to get the good products at competitive prices from the optimal goods sellers in the e-marketplace.
Decision Support Systems for Land Suitability Evaluation on Rice Cultivation using ELECTRE Method
Authors: Ali Ircham , Gunawan Vincensius , Adi Kusworo
Published: November 2020

Land suitability evaluation has an important role in determining the environmental boundaries of sustainable land resource management. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the suitability of land use in rice cultivation in Magelang, Indonesia. Environmental factors such as rainfall, drainage, depth, pH, organic matter content, slopes, and erosion level are used as criteria compared to 5 alternative lands (Sawangan, Mangunsari, Tirtosari, Podosoko, and Kapuhan). The ELECTRE method as one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods chosen to solve the concept ambiguity problem in land suitability assessment. The result shows that the application of this method is quite effective for decision making so that alternatives are obtained that have the highest land use suitability compared to other alternatives for environmentally friendly rice cultivation. Finally, a decision support system with a web-based ELECTRE Method is presented to facilitate decision-makers in obtaining more accurate land suitability information.
Design and Implementation of FS-I Method to Improve Effectiveness of Product Advertising using Social Media, Based on Quality Function Deployment and Fuzzy Servqual
Authors: Sulestiyowati Nenny , Rizal Isnanto R. , Fatchur Rochim Adian
Published: November 2020

The development of advertising, many companies use social media as an alternative online advertising. It is more interactive to promote their product. The purpose of study is to determine the comparison of strategies to improve the quality of advertising services on several social media. The results of the validity and reliability test showed that the items of questions for the questionnaire were all valid and reliable. The method used in this study is fuzzy servqual and quality function deployment. The fuzzy logic integration aims to calculate the total weight, average, and gap values of the subjectivity of the results of the servqual method. The proposed improvement in this research is based on data processing using the quality function deployment method. The main target of the proposed improvement by making the most popular company advertisements, providing up-to-date information, lots of promotions, the most interesting features, and many customer interests.
Application of Fuzzy Servqual Method to Measure User Satisfaction of Mooc Service Quality
Authors: Firdaus Iqbal , Farikhin  , Surarso Bayu
Published: November 2020

To determine the level of success and effectiveness of MOOC in the learning system, it is important to measure the quality of service. The aim of this study is to measure the perceptions and expectations of MOOC users. The method of this study is the SERVQUAL model which is combined with a fuzzy approach, so that it can be measured accurately. From the calculation, the results show that Reliability dimension has the largest gap with a gap value (-13,2325), so there are needed an improvement by the university. While Assurance dimension has the smallest gap with a value of gap (-10,0025) this is considered by the user to be a better dimension than the others. From the calculation of the overall gap value obtained, the result shows a value of -57.65, which means that the quality of service received by users is not in line with expectations.
Denial of Service (DoS) attack identification and analyse using sniffing technique in the network environment
Authors: Alexis Fidele Kagiraneza , Suryono  , Amien Syafei Wahyul
Published: November 2020

Network-based intruders such as (DoS) attacks have become one of the most significant internet interruptions. Some operations that rely on the internet, such as banking transactions, education, trade marketing, and social networking, have become the primary targets. The attacker is trying to surround and making it difficult for the system to defend. The research's objective is to recognize the characteristics and level of DoS attacks. In understanding the behavior of intruders against a target web server, Wireshark was used in all traffic networks—capturing the traffic in a networked environment. In this research, the user identifies the attack levels (TCP SYN, UDP, and HTTP protocol), ranging from low (Q1), medium (Q2), and high (Q4) attacks. The approach is to simulate the TCP, HTTP, and UDP flood attacks and analyze the attacks' effects on the network environment. In this work, normal scenarios and pattern attacks were compared. In this case, the intruder floods unwanted packets to the victim with a massive number of request packets; the SYN from the corresponding SYN-ACK replies are not achieved. This paper will identify the DoS attacks level and analyze the behavior of traffics.
Case Study of Record of Program of Birth Planning and Complication Prevention (P4K) by Village Midwife, Kemawi Village, Semarang Regency
Authors: Mawarni Atik , Dharmawan Yudhy , Agushybana Farid
Published: November 2020

Kemawi Village is one of the active Alert Village in the Semarang District. Based on information from the Public Health Center (PHC), the reporting of the Birth Planning and Complication Prevention Program (P4K) has not been done scheduled by the village midwife. The purpose of this research is to know how is the knowledge of midwife about the importance of registration reporting of P4K and then to analyze how the reporting of P4K is done by the village midwife. Research conducted in 2014. The type of research is a case study, with a qualitative approach. The main informant was a Kemawi village midwife, with several triangulation informant persons. The research gives the results of the recording have been done according to the procedure but the filling of the P4K sticker has not been suitable, for example, blood donor candidate is not filled with a clear identity due to there is no data processing training and supervision. Further reporting of P4K programs is made by the midwife only when there is a request at any time, no scheduled reporting. Therefore, it is recommended to PHC and District PHC (DHO) to make training and supervision for the village midwife in order to improve the ability of P4K program data management in particular, including data reporting and Maternal Child Health (MCH) in general.
Business Intelligence using the K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm to Analyze Customer Behavior in Online Crowdfunding Systems
Authors: Syadzali Chashif , Suryono Suryono , Endro Suseno Jatmiko
Published: November 2020

Customer behavior classification can be useful to assist companies in conducting business intelligence analysis. Data mining techniques can classify customer behavior using the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm based on the customer's life cycle consisting of prospect, responder, active and former. Data used to classify include age, gender, number of donations, donation retention and number of user visits. The calculation results from 2,114 data in the classification of each customer’s category are namely active by 1.18%, prospect by 8.99%, responder by 4.26% and former by 85.57%. System accuracy using a range of K from K = 1 to K = 20 produces that the highest accuracy is 94.3731% at a value of K = 4. The results of the training data that produce a classification of user behavior can be used as a Business Intelligence analysis that is useful for companies in determining business strategies by knowing the target of optimal market.
L’influence des émotions sur la prise de parole en classe des enseignants stagiaires d’anglais de l’académie de Créteil
Authors: Lemarchand-Chauvin Marie-Claire
Published: November 2020

L'année de formation initiale des professeurs stagiaires (PS) d'anglais est une étape déterminante de leur parcours. Ils doivent apprendre et mettre en place les gestes professionnels dans la langue enseignée, difficulté supplémentaire pour un professeur débutant. Cette année est souvent rapportée par les PS comme étant douloureuse et riche en émotions [1]. La recherche présentée, articulée en deux étapes, vise à recenser les émotions que les PS d'anglais de 3 cohortes disent ressentir au quotidien, puis à observer l’impact des émotions les plus saillantes sur la production orale de 9 PS d'anglais. L'analyse des résultats montre que les deux émotions les plus saillantes sont la joie et la colère. Les entretiens d'autoconfrontation ont permis de déceler que ces émotions sont à l'origine de certaines modifications de la prise de parole en classe des 9 PS filmés, à l'instar de l'alternance codique [9, 10] ou d'erreurs linguistiques diverses.
Episodes from the confessional history of Alaska: Nikolay Ziorov’s missionary service
Authors: Kalinovsky Vladimir
Published: November 2020

The paper deals with one of the outstanding hierarchs of the late 19th - early 20th century - Nikolay (Ziorov) and his missionary activity in Alaska. It is noteworthy that the peculiarity of his Ministry was that a diverse national staff distinguished all three departments that he led (Aleutian, Taurida, Warsaw and Privislenskaya), so he had to defend the rights of the Orthodox population and to try to harmonize interethnic relations at the level of his ideas. The path of Nikolay (Ziorov)’s Episcopal Ministry began with the appointment in 1891 to the Aleutian diocese, which was responsible for all Orthodox parishes in North America, including Alaska. When Nikolay (Ziorov) arrived in the United States, the local Church Department was located in San Francisco, which made it impossible for the Bishop to have a regular presence in Alaska. Moreover, even the possibility of moving the Department to Alaska was not considered acceptable, since the conversion of the Uniate population living in other States was seen as more promising perspective for the Hierarch at that time. It is established that the Bishop traveled a lot in Alaska, advocated for the rights of the Orthodox population, had a diary and appealed to central and regional authorities. At the initiative of the Minister, the sacred texts were translated into the languages of the indigenous peoples of the region. The views that Nikolay (Ziorov) developed while serving in North America were continued in his later work in other dioceses. Largely, this affected inter-ethnic and inter-religious relations. In both Taurida and Warsaw dioceses, he positioned himself as a defender of the Orthodox faith among the gentile environment. It is shown that Nikolay (Ziorov) used the methods of missionary work, developed in Alaska, later in Taurida and the Kingdom of Poland.
Netzwerk an Ursachen
Authors: Kämper Harald
Published: November 2020

Für die kausale Therapie bei Erkrankungen ist die Ursachenfindung essenziell. Dabei spielt ein Netzwerk an Reaktionsketten im menschlichen System eine große Rolle.
Kausalketten erkennen und behandeln
Authors: Herget Harald
Published: November 2020

Im Organismus können Organe und Organsysteme auf verschiedenen Ebenen miteinander verbunden sein, zum Beispiel endokrin, lymphatisch oder mechanisch. Aus den verschiedenen Verbindungen im Organismus ergeben sich Kausalketten, die bei Störungen Symptome und Erkrankungen wie Migräne und Rheuma auslösen können. Wenn in einer Kausalkette eine Störung vorliegt, ist der Ursprung zu ergründen, um eine kausale Therapie entlang der Kausalkette zu ermöglichen.
Erfahrungen von Praxisakteuren in medizinischen Rehabilitations- einrichtungen im Rahmen von Forschungsprojekten – eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Schaller Andrea , Xyländer Margret , Stassen Gerrit , Exner Anne-Kathrin , Sauzet Odile
Published: November 2020

Ziel der Studie Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die Erfahrungen von versorgungsnahen Praxisakteuren der medizinischen Rehabilitation im Rahmen ihrer Mitwirkung bei Forschungsprojekten zu beschreiben.

Methodik Es wurden 8 halbstrukturierte Leitfadeninterviews mit Mitarbeitenden in medizinischen Rehabilitationseinrichtungen durchgeführt (3 Frauen, 5 Männer). Die mittlere Berufserfahrung der befragten Therapeut/innen, Ärzt/innen und Verwaltungsmitarbeitenden lag bei 21 (±10) Jahren und die Befragten waren durchschnittlich an 2 (±1) Forschungsprojekten beteiligt (min: 1; max: 7). Die Auswertung erfolgte nach der inhaltlich-strukturierenden Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring.

Ergebnisse Die Erfahrungen der Praxisakteure machten die Relevanz um das Wissen der unterschiedlichen strukturellen Rahmenbedingungen von Wissenschaft und Praxis deutlich. Dies zeigte sich in 6 Hauptkategorien: Projektinitiierung, projektbezogener Erstkontakt, Motivation zur Mitwirkung, subjektive Wahrnehmung projektbezogener Tätigkeiten, Erfahrungen in der Projektarbeit und Wünsche bzw. Verbesserungsbedarfe. Dabei zeigte sich, dass neben dem Wissen um die Rahmenbedingungen der Praxisakteure auch projektbezogene Kommunikationsstrukturen von großer Bedeutung für das Gelingen von Forschungsprojekten sind.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden explorativen Studie können als Ausgangspunkt dienen, um konkrete Empfehlungen für Forschende hinsichtlich der Zusammenarbeit mit Praxisakteuren in anwendungsorientierten Rehabilitationsforschungsprojekten systematisch zu entwickeln.
Molecular Targets and Nanoparticulate Systems Designed for the Improved Therapeutic Intervention in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Akhter Md. Habban , Rizwanullah Md. , Ahmad Javed , Amin Saima , Ahmad Mohammad Zaki , Minhaj Md. Akram , Mujtaba Md. Ali , Ali Javed
Published: November 2020

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and fatal CNS related tumors, which is responsible for about 4% of cancer-related deaths. Current GBM therapy includes surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. The effective chemotherapy of GBM is compromised by two barriers, i. e., the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood tumor barrier (BTB). Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Nanoparticles are one of the highly efficient drug delivery systems for a variety of chemotherapeutics that have gained massive attention from the last three decades. Perfectly designed nanoparticles have the ability to cross BBB and BTB and precisely deliver the chemotherapeutics to GBM tissue/cells. Nanoparticles can encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, genes, proteins, and peptides, increase the stability of drugs by protecting them from degradation, improve plasma half-life, reduce adverse effects and control the release of drugs/genes at the desired site. This review focussed on the different signaling pathways altered in GBM cells to understand the rationale behind selecting new therapeutic targets, challenges in the drug delivery to the GBM, various transport routes in brain delivery, and recent advances in targeted delivery of different drug and gene loaded various lipidic, polymeric and inorganic nanoparticles in the effective management of GBM.
A Review on COVID-19 Mediated Impacts and Risk Mitigation Strategies for Dental Health Professionals
Authors: Sharma Shikha , Parolia Abhishek , Kanagasingam Shalini
Published: November 2020

In the light of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), dentistry is facing unprecedented challenges. The closure of clinics has impacted dental health professionals (DHPs) not only financially but also psychologically. In this review, these consequences are discussed in detail to highlight the challenges that DHPs are facing thus far, in both developing and developed nations. Compromised mental health among DHPs is an important area that requires attention during this difficult period. Although, in previous pandemics, dentists have not worked on the frontline, the article discusses how their wide range of skillsets can be leveraged if another wave of COVID-19 pandemic appears. Finally, guidelines to reopen clinics and patient management have been discussed in detail that could serve as a quick reference guide for DHPs.
A Case of Abdominothoracic Cystic Lymphangiomatosis Presenting as Left-Sided Inguinal Swelling in a Young Adult: Radiological Manifestation
Authors: Hazarika Dibyamohan , Aggarwal Abhinav
Published: November 2020

Lymphatic system imaging has been a challenging field in Radiology. We here describe a case of a 26-year-old male who presented with complaints of left-sided inguinoscrotal swelling and was subsequently diagnosed with abdomino-thoracic cystic lymphangiomatosis. Detailed imaging evaluation across the modalities of ultrasonography, computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation revealed extensive involvement and diagnostic imaging appearance of the unique lymphatic system abnormality. Imaging findings were confirmed on histopathology.
Earlier Initiation of Postoperative Physical Therapy Decreases Opioid Use after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Frenkel Rutenberg Tal , Izchak Haim , Rosenthal Yoav , Barak Uri , Shemesh Shai , Heller Snir
Published: November 2020

For patients with advanced osteoarthritis of the knee, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been shown to provide significant pain relief and improved function with consistent, reproducible results. Post-operative physical therapy (PT) plays an important role is restoring muscle strength and range of motion (ROM). Yet, the impact of earlier physical therapy initiation after TKA has not been well defined. We assessed 205 patients that underwent primary TKA including 136 patients who started PT on the first post-operative day (POD1) and a second group that started PT 3 days after surgery (POD3), or later. Length of hospital stay (LOS), opioid use during hospital stay, complications, re-admissions, knee ROM and the need for subsequent hospitalized rehabilitation were recorded. LOS was not significantly shorter in the early PT group, compared with the delayed PT group (6.4 ± 2.2 days vs. 6.8 ± 2 days, respectively, P = .217). Patients in the delayed PT group consumed more opioids during their inpatient stay compared with the early PT group on both POD 3 (89% vs 82%, p = 0.013) and POD 4 (81% vs 66%, p = 0.005). There was no significant difference in the incidence of Immediate post-operative complications or final knee ROM between the two groups. While early postoperative PT did not impact hospital LOS or final knee ROM, it was associated with an earlier reduction in postoperative opioid consumption after primary TKA.
Understanding the signal amplification in dual-gate FET-based biosensors
Authors: Ahn Jae-Hyuk , Choi Bongsik , Choi Sung-Jin
Published: November 2020

Field-effect transistor (FET)-based sensors allow rapid, label-free electrical detection of chemical and biological species and are easy to use. Dual-gate FET-based biosensors enable sensitive detection with high intensity signal by their distinctive structure based on a combination of solid and liquid gates. However, the underlying mechanism of signal amplification to explain the experimental results has not been well explained with theoretical analysis. In this work, a theoretical approach based on device physics is used to interpret the signal enhancement in dual-gate FET-based biosensors. The analysis is verified with a simulation method for pH sensors based on a well-established commercialized semiconductor 3D technology computer-aided design simulation. The pH sensing parameters are comprehensively investigated as a function of the electrical characteristics of dual-gate FETs: the voltage, current, and normalized current signals are directly correlated with capacitive coupling, transconductance, and subthreshold swing, respectively. Our theoretical analysis provides design guidelines for sensitive dual-gate FET-based biosensors.
Thermal stability of α-Ga2O3 films grown on c-plane sapphire substrates via mist-CVD
Authors: Jinno Riena , Kaneko Kentaro , Fujita Shizuo
Published: November 2020

The thermal stability of α-Ga2O3 films grown on c-plane sapphire substrates was investigated. A strong correlation was found between thermal stability and film thickness: the more the α-Ga2O3 films maintained the α-phase upon heating at higher annealing temperature, the thinner they were. Transmission electron microscopy observations revealed that the phase transition of the α-Ga2O3 film to the thermodynamically most stable β-phase had the orientation relationship of β-Ga2O3 2̄01 || sapphire [0001]. High-temperature x-ray diffraction measurement for the α-Ga2O3 film showed the relationship of β-Ga2O3 4̄01/[301] || sapphire [0001] as well. The dependence of the stability boundary on the film thickness originates from a thermal stress caused by a larger thermal expansion coefficient of α-Ga2O3 than that of sapphire. Relaxation of residual stress by introducing a selective area growth technique enhanced the thermal stability of α-Ga2O3 so that α-Ga2O3 maintained the corundum structure upon heating at 800 °C, although a small diffraction peak from β-Ga2O3 was detected by x-ray diffraction measurement. The enhanced thermal stability of α-Ga2O3 widens device process windows as well as growth windows.
Unveiling the dimensionality effect of conductive fillers in thick battery electrodes for high-energy storage systems
Authors: Ju Zhengyu , Zhang Xiao , King Steven T. , Quilty Calvin D. , Zhu Yue , Takeuchi Kenneth J. , Takeuchi Esther S. , Bock David C. , Wang Lei , Marschilok Amy C. , Yu Guihua
Published: November 2020

The applications of lithium-ion batteries are limited, as they cannot fulfill the requirements for high power output and reversible energy storage. The main challenges are centered around developing electrode architectures to produce both high energy and power. As one of the key components, conductive fillers play a vital role in battery electrodes, contributing to the electrical conductivity and shaping electrode structures, which significantly determine the rate capability. In this study, the dimensionality effect of conductive fillers on electrochemical performance is elucidated in thick electrodes for scalable energy storage. In particular, three types of conductive fillers: single-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene nanosheets, and Super P, are studied using commercial LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 as the model material. The role of these conductive fillers on electrode morphology, electrical percolation, and electrochemical properties of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 electrodes is comparatively investigated. Notably, electrodes with single-walled carbon nanotubes exhibit superior rate performance owing to both high electrical conductivity and tight wrapping architecture, which was further revealed by various advanced structural and electrochemical characterization. This work demonstrates the dimensionality effect of conductive fillers on both electrochemistry and electrode architecture and highlights the advantages of 1D conductive filler in thick electrodes, which brings new insights in future high energy/power systems.
HfO2/TiOx bilayer structure memristor with linear conductance tuning for high density memory and neuromorphic computing
Authors: Liu Jian , Yang Huafeng , Ma Zhongyuan , Chen Kunji , Huang Xinfan , Wang Ke
Published: November 2020

Memristors with tunable conductance characteristics have attracted great attention in high density memory and neuromorphic computing. However, the dynamics of conductance change for filamentary-type memristors is generally asymmetric: The set transition is quite abrupt, while the reset transition is usually gradual, which is a big challenge to achieve continuous conductance tuning characteristics in both set and reset processes. In this work, we demonstrated an HfO2/TiOx (10 nm/10 nm) bilayer structure memristor with the feature of bidirectional conductance tuning (a gradual increase or decrease in conductance) in a simple pulse-train operation mode. A series of voltage pulses with specific amplitude and a fixed width of 50 ns were used to realize the characteristics of bidirectional conductance tuning. By further optimizing the pulse amplitude conditions, such as −1.1 V/50 ns for the set process and 1.3–1.4 V/50 ns for the reset process, the conductance of the memristor can be tuned almost linearly with the input pulse voltage. Such linear conductance update is highly desired for improving the fault tolerance ability in massive data storage or neuromorphic computing.
Analytical analysis on the Dugdale model of a finite-width cracked plate by using crack line analysis method
Authors: Yi Zhijian , Li Ya , Huang Feng , Wang Min , Su Kang , Zhao Chaohua , Gu Jianyi
Published: November 2020

The Dugdale model is one of the most famous achievements in fracture mechanics due to its accurate predication of the size of the plastic zone at the crack tip in comparison with the experimental results. However, the Dugdale model is generally used for the analysis of infinite-width cracked plates, and it has not been successfully extended analytically for the analysis of finite-width cracked plates, which are more commonly seen in engineering structures. In this paper, the Dugdale model of finite-width cracked plates was analytically analyzed based on the crack line analysis method. Solving the plastic zone of the Dugdale model of a finite-width plate with a mode-I center crack was broken down into two problems of finite-width plates, and the analytical solutions of stress intensity factors of the two problems were obtained, respectively. Based on the superposition principle of stress intensity factors, the size of the plastic zone of the Dugdale model of a finite-width plate with a mode-I center crack was obtained. The results are in perfect consistency with the experimental values obtained by Dugdale himself, and the difference between the theoretical curve and the experimental values obtained by Dugdale was eliminated for the first time.
Exploring high-temperature superconductivity in hard matter close to structural instability
Authors: Chen Xiao-Jia
Published: November 2020

This paper discusses where and how high-temperature superconductors can be found.
Growth and development of thoroughbred horses
Authors: Huntington P. J. , Brown-Douglas C. G. , Pagan J. D.
Published: November 2020

Research into the growth and development of Thoroughbreds managed on commercial breeding farms is reviewed in this paper. As horses are not meat producing animals, less research has been performed quantifying growth, muscle and bone development than with other production animals. However, variations in growth and development are linked with both value and wastage in young Thoroughbred horses, and can have a long-term impact on racing performance. In Thoroughbred horses, the breeder aims for optimum, or consistent, growth rather than maximum growth. Factors affecting equine growth including environment, nutrition, season and management are discussed in sections covering conception to weaning, weanling to yearling and yearling to 2 years old when horses are nearly fully grown and racing begins. The importance of reference curves for different ages, sex and locations is highlighted. While average daily gain (ADG) declines as the foal gets older, there are seasonal and management influences to consider. Month of birth has an influence on both birthweight and the expected ADG at different ages, which are believed to be related to ambient temperatures and pasture availability for the mare and growing horse. Weaning leads to a growth setback and ADG declines through winter, but increases in spring for the yearling as temperatures and pasture quality and quantity increase. Management factors such as yearling sale preparation are associated with an increase in growth rate, with gains of over 1 kg/day common during the yearling sales preparation process of 6–12 weeks. ‘Home-bred’ horses that do not go to a yearling sale grow at a slower rate but will reach the same endpoint in mature size. Growth of Thoroughbreds is influenced by country, and regions within a country, related to genetics, climate, management practices, market preferences and sale timing. More research is needed into factors affecting growth and development of Thoroughbred horses on commercial farms and the influence differing rates of growth and development have on wastage (such as developmental orthopaedic disease) and commercial outcomes such as yearling sale results and, ultimately, racing performance.
Ammonium transporter expression in sperm of the disease vector
Aedes aegypti
mosquito influences male fertility
Authors: Durant Andrea C. , Donini Andrew
Published: November 2020

Significance

Ammonium transporters (AMT) have been implicated in facilitating nitrogen assimilation in plants and bacteria and ammonia (NH
3
/NH
4
+
) transport for nitrogen regulation and excretion in animals. However, the involvement of AMT proteins in mediating reproductive processes remains unexplored. We report that an insect AMT, AeAmt1, is expressed in the flagellum of spermatozoa from the dengue vector mosquito
Aedes aegypti
during sperm development through to egg fertilization. We provide evidence that AeAmt1 expression in spermatozoa is critical for sperm survival and overall male fertility. This description of ammonia transporter (AMT and Rh families) expression in the sperm of an animal provides a striking role for these evolutionarily conserved protein families and contributes to our understanding of mosquito reproductive biology.
Evolution of the genetic code; Evidence from serine codon use disparity in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Inouye Masayori , Takino Risa , Ishida Yojiro , Inouye Keiko
Published: November 2020

Significance

There are many questions related to the origin of life and how we came to rely on an almost universal system to encode all of life as we know it today. The genetic code is both robust and redundant, yet also full of interesting anomalies. Here we explore one of these anomalies, specifically the existence of two separate boxes/classes of serine codons, AGU/C and UCU/C/A/G. Unlike other synonymous codons encoding an amino acid, these codons for serine require a two-base substitution in order to go from one box to the other and remain a serine. Deciphering how this came to be will provide important insight into the origin of life and the genetic code.
Coupling of light and mechanics in a photonic crystal waveguide
Authors: Béguin J.-B. , Qin Z. , Luan X. , Kimble H. J.
Published: November 2020

Significance

High-Q mechanical modes of transverse oscillation at a few megahertz are characterized for a photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) consisting of parallel dielectric nanobeams. The transduction of thermally excited motion of

33
 
p
m

at 300 K results in phase modulation with high signal-to-noise ratio for light propagating in a guided mode of the PCW. Numerical modeling gives good agreement with experiment. With these measurements in hand, the system is assessed for possible applications in quantum information science and technology involving strong coupling of single phonons of vibration to single atoms and photons trapped within the PCW.
Neuropsychological and neuropathological observations of a long-studied case of memory impairment
Authors: Squire Larry R. , Kim Soyun , Frascino Jennifer C. , Annese Jacopo , Bennett Jeffrey , Insausti Ricardo , Amaral David G.
Published: November 2020

Significance

The most useful information about the anatomy of human memory comes from postmortem neurohistological analysis of patients who have been well-studied during life. Because of practical difficulties, this has rarely been accomplished. Here, we describe neuropsychological and neuropathological findings for a memory-impaired patient whom we studied for 24 y. He had a moderately severe memory impairment in new learning and retrograde amnesia for about 5 y. His neuropathology was unique among memory-impaired patients in involving both medial temporal lobe and diencephalic structures that have been associated with memory function.
A proposal for Heisenberg uncertainty principle and STUR for curved backgrounds: an application to white dwarf, neutron stars and black holes
Authors: Viaggiu S
Published: November 2020

After a critical overview of the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) applied to compact objects, we propose a texture of Heisenberg uncertainty principle in curved spacetimes (CHUP). CHUP allows to write down physically motivated STUR (spacetime uncertainty relations) in a generic background for a non commutative spacetime in terms of tetrad variables. In order to study possible quantum effects for compact astrophysical objects as white dwarf, neutron stars and black holes, an expression for quantum fluctuations is outlined. As a result, contrary to GUP-based claims, we found no evidence for quantum effects concerning equilibrium equation and critical mass M
c for white dwarf and neutron stars. Conversely, our expression for CHUP confirms that general relativistic effects strongly reduce the Oppenheimer–Volkoff Newtonian limit for very compact astrophysical objects as neutron stars. In particular, we found that for a degenerate relativistic Fermi gas, the maximum mass decreases for increasing compactness of the star with a minimum critical mass M
c ≃ 0.59M
⊙ at the Buchdahl limit. Finally, we study possible non commutative effects near the event horizon of a black hole.
Investigation of the effect of the doping order in GaN nanowire p–n junctions grown by molecular-beam epitaxy
Authors: Saket Omar , Wang Junkang , Amador-Mendez Nuño , Morassi Martina , Kunti Arup , Bayle Fabien , Collin Stéphane , Jollivet Arnaud , Babichev Andrey , Sodhi Tanbir , Harmand Jean-Christophe , Julien François H , Gogneau Noelle , Tchernycheva Maria
Published: November 2020

We analyse the electrical and optical properties of single GaN nanowire p–n junctions grown by plasma‐assisted molecular-beam epitaxy using magnesium and silicon as doping sources. Different junction architectures having either a n-base or a p-base structure are compared using optical and electrical analyses. Electron-beam induced current (EBIC) microscopy of the nanowires shows that in the case of a n-base p–n junction the parasitic radial growth enhanced by the magnesium (Mg) doping leads to a mixed axial-radial behaviour with strong wire-to-wire fluctuations of the junction position and shape. By reverting the doping order p-base p–n junctions with a purely axial well-defined structure and a low wire-to-wire dispersion are achieved. The good optical quality of the top n nanowire segment grown on a p-doped stem is preserved. A hole concentration in the p-doped segment exceeding 1018 cm−3 was extracted from EBIC mapping and photoluminescence analyses. This high concentration is reached without degrading the nanowire morphology.
Superconducting properties of in-plane W-C nanowires grown by He+ focused ion beam induced deposition
Authors: Orús Pablo , Córdoba Rosa , Hlawacek Gregor , De Teresa José María
Published: November 2020

Focused ion beam induced deposition (FIBID) is a nanopatterning technique that uses a focused beam of charged ions to decompose a gaseous precursor. So far, the flexible patterning capabilities of FIBID have been widely exploited in the fabrication of superconducting nanostructures, using the W(CO)6 precursor mostly in combination with a focused beam of Ga+ ions. Here, the fabrication and characterization of superconducting in-plane tungsten-carbon (W-C) nanostructures by He+ FIBID of the W(CO)6 precursor is reported. A patterning resolution of 10 nm has been achieved, which is virtually unattainable for Ga+ FIBID. When the nanowires are patterned with widths of 20 nm and above, the deposited material is superconducting below 3.5–4 K. In addition, nanowires with widths of 60 and 90 nm have been found to sustain long-range controlled nonlocal superconducting vortex transfer along 3 μm. Overall, these findings strengthen the capabilities of He+ FIBID of W-C in the growth and patterning of in-plane superconducting nanodevices.
Challenges of conducting quantitative ultrasound with a multimodal optical imaging system
Authors: Pinkert Michael A , Hall Timothy J , Eliceiri Kevin W
Published: November 2020

High-frequency quantitative ultrasound is a potential non-invasive source of imaging cell-tissue scale biomarkers for major diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and preterm birth. However, one of the barriers to developing such biomarkers is that it is labor-intensive to compare quantitative ultrasound images to optical images of the tissue structure. We have previously developed a multiscale imaging system that can obtain registered qualitative ultrasound and optical images, but there are further technical challenges to obtaining quantitative data: System-specific details of obtaining and processing data with Verasonics high-frequency transducers; the need for high-frequency reference phantoms; and off-axis clutter from imaging above a glass coverslip. This paper provides a characterization of the Verasonics ultrasound system with the 18.5 MHz L22-14v and 28.5 MHz L38-22v transducers, describes the construction of high-frequency reference phantoms, and details methods for reducing off-axis clutter. The paper features a demonstration multiscale image of a wild type mouse mammary gland that incorporates quantitative ultrasound with both transducers and second harmonic generation microscopy. These advances demonstrate a way to obtain, on a single system with a cohesive and integrated pipeline, quantitative ultrasound data that is correlated with optical imaging without the need for extensive sample preparation.