bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The International Biosafety Regime and the World Trade System after Ten Years of the Cartagena Protocol
Authors: Espinosa Juan-Francisco Escudero
Published: April 2022

After ten years with the Protocol in force, it is necessary to draw up a balance, now that the uncertainties which justified the regime in Protocol appear to have become considerably less extensive. Apart from a large growth in the area under GMO crops, there has also been a considerable increase in their geographical spread. Moreover, it is possible to see a change in the state of affairs in which there is well-established practice among States and very limited conflict.

In this new reality, the question of the debate about the relationship to international trade remains on the plane of an ex ante determination of a possible solution though examination of the substantive criteria of compatibility of the measures with the principles of the WTO and consideration of the procedural standards established by the most recent international practice, especially in the EC-Approval and Marketing of Biotech Products dispute.

In view of the Panel's report, it must be accepted that choice taken was to isolate the WTO regime, rather than to adopt any more integrating conception of international law, as it subordinates the Cartagena Protocol relative to WTO Agreements.
The Right to Participation for Consumers in the Energy Transition
Authors: Lavrijssen Saskia A.C.M.
Published: April 2022

The energy system of the future is smart and sustainable, with IT applications making it possible to efficiently match supply of and demand for sustainable energy. It will turn consumers into active players, responding to financial incentives to either or not use energy at specific moments, or supply self-generated energy to the system. The system will be organized in such a way that everybody will charge their cars when the sun is shining, for instance, or will postpone their use of energy when there is not enough sunshine or wind. This article points out that new legislation is needed to ensure that innovations for energy transition can take place and for market parties and consumers to take on new roles. This paper argues that not only the substance of energy legislation needs be adapted to facilitate the energy transition. Also procedures for the implementation of important energy decisions and the required level of legal protection will have to be adjusted to the new systems and to the active role of consumers. Procedural innovations are needed to improve the position of energy consumers, giving them more of a say, increasing their participation, and offering them legal protection in regard to decisions on energy regulations by the Autoriteit Consument en Markt (ACM - Consumer and Market Authority) that affect their interests where affordable, reliable and sustainable energy supply is concerned. It is important that consumers be given better opportunities to exert influence in advance on the conditions and rates for access to the energy system. By creating support for the content of energy decisions, time± consuming and expensive legal procedures afterwards can be prevented.
Waste Prevention and Technologies in the Context of the EU Waste Framework Directive: Lost in Translation?
Authors: Spencer N. , Malinauskaite Jurgita , Jouhara H.
Published: April 2022

The EU is set to transit from linear to circular economy: turning waste into a resource in order to increase resource efficiency and close the loop in a circular economy. This article centres on the Waste Framework Directive and most importantly its newest proposal, the main EU legislation to regulate waste. It argues that there is not sufficient guidance given to the regulatory limits of the definition of waste, especially in the context of the so-called subcategory of ``waste v. non-waste'' where ``waste'' was utilised as a fuel. While prevention is a breaking point in the waste hierarchy (as reuse, recycle, recovery and finally disposal are assumed to be waste unless cease to be waste), it seems unfortunate that it is not translated into a well-defined classification of waste and non-waste (i.e. product). It is not clear how prevention operates in the context of the WFD, as before a substance or object becomes waste, it was a product. Therefore, the paper calls to the rethink of categorisation of waste and product in the context of prevention placing further emphasis on the environment and human health as its main condition simultaneously embracing circular economy thinking. The European Commission should provide a European standard for waste derived fuels, which is essential for a proper functioning of European market. Furthermore, the paper also discusses that the WFD (and its newest proposal) fails to properly address technological advancements designed to transfer ``waste'' to a valued resource without posing any threat to the environment, which could be upgraded to the prevention systems. Against this background, the patented micro-scale Home Energy Recovery Unit, designed to process all unwanted domestic materials to generate energy for the household is used as a case study in this article.
Risks of Expanding the Geographical Scope of EU Energy Law
Authors: Talus Kim
Published: April 2022

In the pursuit of its energy policy objectives, the EU has endeavoured to extend the application of internal energy law to non-EU countries. Until now the application of EU law has. in this context, focused on specific provisions of private law, but the latest proposals from the Commission have the intention to give EU energy law wider extraterritorial effect.

The objective of this Article is to examine the risks that would entail from international law, if EU energy law is extended extraterritorially to non-EU countries. For one, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas (UNCLOS) establishes a number of rights to marine pipelines. More generally, the international trade rules of the WTO apply also to trade in energy goods and consequently create a number of rights and obligations. These aspects are discussed in relation to various territories that export natural gas to the EU via pipeline.
The Role of Permits in Regulating Livestock Installations and Manure Spreading: Experiences from Denmark and Finland
Authors: Anker Helle Tegner , Kauppila Jussi
Published: April 2022

Livestock production and intensive application of manure together with other fertilisers pollutes waters all over the world. In particular, careless spreading of manure on fields already rich with nutrients causes heavy loads of nutrient emissions into ground and surface waters. Livestock installations and handling of manure are often regulated through a mix of different instruments. In the EU, environmental permits are applied to regulate emissions from high volume livestock installations. However, the scope and func- tion of livestock permits remains a controversial legal and regulatory question: Should the permit cover both the livestock installation as a technical-functional unit and the spreading of manure outside the installation, or should the latter be treated as a separate issue to be regulated through other instruments, such as general legal standards? This question is further stressed by recent structural developments in agri-business sector (specialization, increased farm size, manure proces- sing technology) and political ambitions related to the circular economy. Drawing from recent experiences in Denmark and Finland, this article analyses the role of permits in regulating livestock production and man- agement of manure. It concludes that while the optimal regulatory function of permits depends on the agri-environmental "policy-mix" of each country, the evolving agri-business sector might call for evolution of the regulatory strategy: the exclusion of manure spreading from the scope of the permit.
The "You Know Better" Dilemma of Administrative Judges in Environmental Matters  A Note on the German Legal Context
Authors: Grashof Franziska
Published: April 2022

This paper points to the difficulties that arise due to the lack of scientific expertise among administrative judges sitting environmental cases in Germany. It explains the crucial role of expert opinions in environmental litigation and it briefly illustrates the discussion on a potential reform of the system of independent scientific expertise.
On the Effectiveness of Germany's Renewable Energy Sources Act
Authors: Strunz Sebastian , Gawel Erik
Published: April 2022

To what extent does environmental legislation achieve the objectives it pursues? The paper contributes to this discussion on effectiveness in two ways. First, it provides a conceptual framework from an economic and legal perspective. In particular, it clarifies that effectiveness in the narrow sense relates to achieving legally set goals ± which, in turn, depends on suitability and enforcement of rules. However, a comprehensive framework needs to go beyond effec- tiveness in the narrow sense: that is, the more demanding concept of cost-effectiveness, which requires goal achievement at a minimum of societal costs, as well as un-anticipated secondary impacts, may impact the overall assessment. Second, the paper evaluates the effectiveness of the main policy instru- ment to support renewable energy sources (RES) in the German electricity sector, i.e., the German RES Act (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz). To this end, the paper investigates in what respect the RES Act effectively contributes to achieving the objectives of the RES Act; subsequently, the analysis is extended to a more comprehensive approach, assessing both cost- effectiveness and secondary effects of RES support in Germany.
Climate Change Litigation in Germany An Overview of Politics, Legislation and Especially Jurisdiction regarding Climate Protection and Climate Damages
Authors: Daebel Marie-Christin
Published: April 2022

Who is liable for damages caused by climate change? This question has concerned many lawyers all around the globe in the last few years and is still one of the most controversial topics pertaining to climate protection law. Legal experts argue about the civil and public liability of corporations and the state on the one hand, and the suits against governments to force them to introduce more protective climate protection laws on the other hand. While in other countries many judgments have already been issued, there has been only one judgment in Germany so far and a second claim is pending. However, these claims have made climate change litigation popular. Against this background, this article aims to present the current situation of climate change litigation in Germany. For this aim it gives an overview of politics, the respective legislation and especially the jurisprudence regarding climate protection and climate damages, focusing on the legal problems that have emerged in practice and possible reform perspectives.
The use of Private and Public Land for the Development of Heat Networks
Authors: Reynebeau Maja
Published: April 2022

District heating is a form of decentralized energy that has the potential to play a key role in stabilizing climate change. To dispense this decentralized energy from the heat source to the end-users, a heat network is needed. To realize (the potential of) these networks, there are a wide variety of issues to consider and barriers to overcome.

Law plays an important role in framing understandings of both heat networks and the legal design with regard to these networks. The article focuses on the legal challenge of land use to develop heat networks. Since developers do not have property rights on all the plots of land they want to use to realize their hear project, they need to secure appropriate land rights in order to locate their network in third party land. These land rights can be included in various legal instruments. It needs to be precisely determined what kind of rights one can obtain and which of those rights would be the most suitable for a particular district heating project.

The findings of the analysis indicate that a “one size fits all”-model is not the most appropriate policy to address issues on the complex and evolving crossroads of energy law, property law and contract law. A customized legal design is necessary to synchronize the interests of all stakeholders involved.
The Regulation of Water Services in the EU: A Difficult Attempt to Balance Between Environmental, Economic and Social Interests
Authors: Karageorgou Vasiliki (Vicky) , Pouikli Kleoniki
Published: April 2022

The article aspires to delve into the question of whether the EU framework for water services can take sufficiently into account the multiple dimensions of water and regulate the competing interests in a balanced way. At first, the regulation of the three dimensions of water in International Law (environmental, social and economic) is briefly analysed. As regards the EU Legal Order, the regulation of water within the framework of the EU environmental legislation is at fist traced. Then, emphasis is placed on the classification and regulation of water services as Services of General Economic Interest (SGEI), the application of the State Aid and the Internal Market rules and the possible tensions arising with regard to the accessibility and the quality of the water services. Furthermore, the impact of Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) as an example of the new Trade Agreements on the regulation of the water services is put under the spotlight. A central conclusion is that the various aspects concerning water services are addressed in a rather comprehensive manner in the EU Regulatory Framework, although tensions continue to exist. Moreover, CETA creates a new regulatory ‘landscape’ that may ‘disrupt’ the existing delicate balance concerning the regulation in this field.
Laws and Policies on Electric Scooters in the European Union: A Ride to the Micromobility Directive?
Authors: Sokolowski Maciej M.
Published: April 2022

The conducted research shows that the EU-27 and the UK have a varied approach to electric scooters when it comes to law: some see them as means of micro-transportation or personal transport, others define them exclusively in their legislation (in a direct manner). In some countries electric scooters are not defined in legislation but other rules apply (e.g. rules on bicycles). Electric scooters’ users are qualified either as pedestrians using scooters, drivers, or cyclists. The limit of 20 – 25 km/h of speed is a general benchmark. The rules on the access to pavement, pedestrian zones, and pedestrian crossings vary among the Member States (some allow it, providing speed limits; others offer only the possibility of accessing bike paths or public roads). National legislation also provides some other requirements, such as age limits for electric scooter users when riding on a road or wearing protective equipment (e.g. helmet or safety vest). The research also proves that the majority of Member States do not provide any special rules on driving licences or insurance (generally not required when using electric scooters). Finally, the article addresses a seemingly basic legal European framework on electric scooters and a possible harmonization by adopting the Micromobility Directive.

electric transport, electric scooters, micromobility, micro-transportation, Micromobility Directive
The Bioenergy ‘Blind Spots’ in EU Climate and Energy Law
Authors: Romppanen Seita
Published: April 2022

This article analyses how the climate performance of forest-based bioenergy is treated under the revised European Union (EU) climate and energy law in the form of the recast Renewable Energy Directive and the new land-use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) Regulation on land use and forestry. Forest-based bioenergy exemplifies the troubled relationship between bioenergy, forest management and emissions and removals from the land use and forestry sector. The article focuses on the climate-related legal challenges that arise from the regulatory approach taken to the use of forest-based bioenergy as a widely available renewable raw material for energy production. The article argues that this regulatory approach does not fully consider the underlying climate-related concerns and hence the current approach risk weakening the overall ambition of the EU’s legislative approach to the challenge of climate change. This article exposes the ‘blind spots’ in the link between the Renewable Energy Directive and the LULUCF Regulation both to support this argument and to point out the grave challenges related to the current legal approach on bioenergy.

forest-based bioenergy, carbon neutrality, climate change, climate law, energy law, the Renewable Energy Directive, the LULUCF Regulation
Regulation of Energy Storage Systems in the DACH Countries
Authors: Schreiber Markus
Published: April 2022

In the mid – to long-term, energy storage systems may be necessary to balance the stochastic electricity production of renewable energies such as wind and solar. Many different storage solutions are either already technologically mature or on the brink of market introduction. However, regulatory barriers may hinder investments in storage capacity. Energy law in European countries typically defines very specific roles for different market participants, such as producers, grid operators or final customers. Storage systems often do not fit into these categories, or may simultaneously fall under several different rule sets. This raises many legal questions which have yet to be addressed by the courts. Especially problematic is the question of whether storage systems have to pay grid usage fees, which is closely related to their possible classification as final customers and may restrict many potential business models. This article compares the corresponding regulation in the main German-speaking (DACH) countries; Germany, Austria and Switzerland while also taking into account relevant EU legislation.

Energy Storage, Renewable Energy, Grid Tariffs, Final Customer, Electricity Internal Market Directive, Unbundling
Locality in EU Energy Law
Authors: Vanhove Simon
Published: April 2022

This article identifies ‘locality’ as an overarching concept in EU energy law. This has two consequences. First, it highlights the need for coherent law-making on EU level, specifically by avoiding multiplication of similar-but-not-identical concepts. Second, I argue locality can be considered a specific expression of subsidiarity. To support these claims, this article takes Belgium as a case study for diverse interpretations of this locality concept in Member State law. This is done by an analysis of both regional legislation and the regulator’s decision practice. Furthermore, I revisit theory on the EU constitutional principle of subsidiarity. Finally, a counter-example is offered: the second generation of network codes and guidelines will increasingly impact ‘local’ aspects of the electricity markets. In conclusion, locality serves a double theoretical role: it offers a descriptive classification for EU energy law and provides a substantive hermeneutic tool for subsidiarity assessments.

EU energy law, Clean Energy Package, subsidiarity, locality, proximity, single market, integration, harmonization, network codes and guidelines
The EU’s Environmental Implementation Review: An Emerging Tool for Supervising Policy Delivery.
Authors: Hedemann-Robinson Martin
Published: April 2022

The aim of this short article is to provide a brief overview and reflections on theUnion’s relatively recent introduction of a biennial Environmental Implementation Review (EIR) cycle as part of its activities in monitoring EU Member States’ (MS) implementation of Union environmental law and policy. The EIR reflects an increased level of interest on the part of the Union in seeking to identify ways in which MS may improve upon their track records in implementing EU environmental legislative requirements at national level. Notably, it envisages a more intense form of engagement and dialogue on the part of the European Commission with MS authorities on identifying strengths and weaknesses in terms of individual MS performance as well as identifying common challenges at national level. The article assesses what key outcomes may have emerged thus far with the two EIR cycles that have been completed and how the EIR relates to the other principal supranational supervisory tool used by the EU for the purpose overseeing compliance with the EU environmental acquis, namely the use of law enforcement action via infringement proceedings. Ultimately, the article posits the view that the tools of EIR and law enforcement may be best seen to be in a complementary and mutually supportive relationship, each needing the other to be able to make a sufficient impression and impact on MS in terms of inducing them to address the subject of implementation with the degree of importance and urgency it deserves.

Environmental Implementation Review, supranational supervision, implementation, infringements, compliance assurance, European Commission, Court of Justice of the European Union.
Greece: Implementation of Environmental Liability Directive: Actors & Procedure
Authors: Liaska Emilia , Bosdogianni Angeliki
Published: April 2022

In Greece, the Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) provisions have not yet received special elaboration because of how misunderstood its operation within the modern administrative mechanism is, and the fact that many stakeholders may even be unaware of its existence. However, Presidential Decree (PD) 148/2009 transposing the directive into the Greek legislation remains the main legislative instrument, which establishes an environmental liability regime based on the polluter pays principle, focused on the prevention and remediation of environmental damage. Active citizens can play a very important role in the successful implementation of the ELD directive. But, as immediate public participation and informed decision-making is not always possible at an individual level, environmental organizations contribute to raising awareness, informing, and activating society to onset of the ELD procedure. The Greek Ombudsman can also make a unique and crucial contribution in ensuring the implementation of the environmental liability legislation. The power of environmental transparency and the implementation of the Aarhus Convention principles will help implement the ELD regime. Up-to-date, accurate and easyto- find environmental information empowers public and key stakeholders to make informed decisions that impact the environment. The aim of this article is to share the experience gained in the application of ELD and to contribute to a better understanding of the ELD key terms, and to improving the effectiveness of its implementation.

Environment, liability, Ombudsman, operator, environmental damage, remediation, compliance, authorities, transparency, prevention
MARSUPIALIZATION OF LARGE MANBILULAR RESIDUAL CYSTS. TWO CASE REPORTS.
Authors: Arachoviti Christina , Dafopoulou Sotiria , Fotopoulos Ioannis , Lillis Theodoros , Dabarakis Nikolaos
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Large residual cysts are relatively rare inflammatory cysts of the jaws. They derive from radicular cysts that had not been completely removed after dental extraction. In some cases, these lesions can grow large without any symptoms and they are discovered as incidental radiographic findings. Marsupialization is an alternative treatment for large cysts, avoiding significant complications such as nerve injury, jaw fracture, sinus or nasal perforation which can occur from curettage during enucleation. Case presentation: We present two different cases of male patients with mandibular residual cysts, who were referred to our department. Both patients presented with swelling and pyorrhea. The radiological examination revealed large well-defined lesions that had absorbed extensive jaw sites. The localization of both cysts was significantly close to the inferior alveolar nerve. Marsupialization and acrylic resin obturator placement was performed in both cases. The follow up period of 18 months from surgery is presented. Conclusion: In conclusion, marsupialization is a conservative, efficient surgical technique that promotes bone healing and the shrinkage of the existing lesion.
AN INVESTIGATION ON PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ 3D GEOMETRIC THINKING
Authors: AKKURT DENİZLİ Zeynep , ERDOĞAN Abdulkadir
Published: April 2022

This study aims to investigate how primary school students’ three-dimensional geometric thinking changes across grades. The survey model was used, and the study group was comprising of 520 primary school students in a large city of Turkey. In the study, the Three-Dimensional Geometric Thinking Test, which is a paper and pencil test, was used to collect data. The scores taken from the test were compared across the grades and the relationships between the components of three-dimensional geometric thinking were examined. The findings showed that as the grades increased, students’ scores taken from the Three-Dimensional Thinking Test also increased significantly. Moreover, a medium and positive correlation was found between the components of three-dimensional geometric thinking. The results of the study revealed that grade level is a significant variable on three-dimensional geometric thinking, yet some important three-dimensional geometric thinking skills can be developed independent from the grade level. The current study intends to shed light on the development of three-dimensional geometric thinking starting from early grades, and to provide important information for organizing the three-dimensional geometric content in the curriculum and its implementation.
Morphometry of shoots and flowers of Utricularia minor at a large site in the Czech Republic
Authors: Adamec Lubomír , Kučerová Andrea
Published: April 2022

In 2021, a large population of Utricularia minor was found in a revitalized former sandpit with strongly acidic and dystrophic water in the Czech Republic. The plants in the population were robust, highly branched, flowered prolifically, and set seeds. The mean length of main shoots of robust U. minor plants was 72 cm (range 54-90 cm). Each plant had a total of 7-17 branches. Inflorescences with at least one ripening fertile capsule were 11-33 cm long and bore 6-11 flowers or capsules at different ages. However, only two ripe fertile capsules (mean 1.21) formed at maximum in one inflorescence.
Functionality of Extension Activities among Rice Farmers’ Cooperatives in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: O Okpara , CN Atoma , AU Doroh , OJ Ovharhe
Published: April 2022

This study appraises the functionality of extension activities among rice farmers in Delta State, Nigeria. Both purposive and random sampling techniques were used to generate a sample size of 140 respondents. Results revealed that the majority of respondents (> 90%) got information from fellow farmers and cooperative members. It was also discovered that members were satisfied with annual meetings (x̄ = 3.50), monthly contributions (x̄ = 3.47), interest rate (x̄ = 3.21), loan payback (x̄ = 3.21), partnerships with other cooperatives (x̄ = 3.20), training sessions (x̄ = 3.19) and joint farm maintenance (x̄ = 2.90). The chi-square test revealed that significant differences occurred between age and constraints (x̄ = 12.76; p < 0.05). It was concluded that majority of the perceived limitations confronting extension activities must have dwindled their efforts and resulted in their poor functionalities. It is recommended that there should be sustainable practice of extension workers’ capacity building, particularly in rice production.
PENGUNAAN SELF REGULATED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR BAHASA ARAB SISTEM PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE DI SMAN 1 MATARAMAN
Authors: Rusdiah Rurdiah
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the process and results of using Self Regulated Learning in increasing motivation to learn Arabic in the online learning system during the Covid-19 pandemic at SMA Negeri 1 Mataraman, Banjar, South Kalimantan. The research uses a qualitative approach designed in the form of action research. While the steps used refer to the Mertler model (2011), namely: (1) identification of initial ideas, (2) analysis of general problem finding, (3) general planning of action, (4) developing and implementing action steps (5) evaluating and revise the general design, and (6) develop in the second step of action and so on.

The results of the study found that in Cycle I the point of conformity reached 67.7% so that it was certain that students agreed with learning using the concept of Self-regulated learning. However, the acceptance of Arabic lessons is still low, some students still consider Arabic as a difficult subject. While in the second cycle the point of conformity reached 76.5%. Higher than the first cycle after improving the learning pattern in the personal evaluation system section by providing a standard format provided by the teacher. Thus, it can be concluded that students feel enthusiastic in carrying out Arabic learning with an online system if it is done using the concept of self-regulated learning.

The theoretical findings in the research are: (1) learning activities that provide wider opportunities for students or are more student centered (student centered learning) provide more opportunities for students to actualize themselves and develop themselves to be better, and (2) student satisfaction in solving their own problems and sharing with friends are important factors in online learning to foster high learning motivation. While the practical findings are (1) it is necessary to make other efforts to make Arabic lessons more interesting for students, even though the average results of the questionnaires are positive but some say they don't like Arabic lessons, and (2) cooperation in problem solving and Freedom in learning is an important thing that must be maintained, because it becomes a dominant factor in the motivation to learn Arabic.

Key words: Self-Regulated Learning, motivation, online learning
EFEKTIVITAS MEDIA LABORATORIUM VIRTUAL PADA PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS SISWA
Authors: Indihartati Sri
Published: April 2022

The online learning system provides its own challenges where schools and teachers must continue to optimize learning activities in order to remain effective and efficient. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of virtual laboratory media in physics learning in the Covid-19 pandemic era on students' science process skills. The sample in this study was obtained by using a cluster random sampling technique from a population of all students of SMA N 2 Ungaran, namely class XI MIPA 1 as the experimental class and XI MIPA 2 as the control class. The research method used a pretest-posttest control group design, while the data analysis used parametric statistical tests, namely N-gain, independent sample t-test, and paired sample t-test. The gain normality test showed that the average post-test results increased by 0.53 with moderate criteria in the experimental class and 0.28 in the control class with low criteria. The results of the independent sample t-test showed that there was a significant difference in the scientific process skills of the experimental and control groups, namely t count 8.231, greater than t critical 2.042 with a significance level of 5%. In the paired-sample t-test, the value of sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05, it can be concluded that the use of virtual laboratory media in physics learning is effective in improving students' science process skills in the Covid-19 pandemic era.
Penerapan Konseling Kelompok Untuk Menurunkan Prokrastinasi Akademik Pada Remaja
Authors: Rivanda Sonyalita bintang
Published: April 2022

The academic procrastination can be defined as the procrastinating behavior of school assignment, so it can cause negative effects for individual. The negative effects of academic procrastination is  the emergence of emotional not quite so well, such as feeling worried, desperate, and easily stressed. Group counseling is a dynamic interpersonal relationship between counselor and counselee focused on a joint problem-solving. The purpose of this research is can be the academic procrastination in adolescents using group counseling.This research uses quasi experimental method with pre test post test control group design and assisted by using a measuring instrument academic procrastination scale. In this research, sampling using purposive sampling.The sample of the research consisted of 16 adolescents and divided into two groups, eight teenagers to the experimental group and 8 teenagers to the control group. The results showed a significant difference in the level of the academic procrastination (Z = -3371; P 0.001 <0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that the application of group counseling can lower the academic procrastination in adolescents.

 

Keywords: Academic Procrastination, group counseling
THOR'S CHARACTERIZATION ANALYSIS IN AVENGERS: INFINITY WAR
Authors: Jasmine Nurkamila  , Dea Bella Indriani  , Marudut Bernadtua Simanjuntak
Published: April 2022

The film “Avengers: Infinity War” is a film that sequel to 2012's The Avengers, and 2015's Avengers: Age of Ultron. The purpose of this study is to describe the character of one of the main characters, namely Thor and also the representation of the superhero formula from Thor. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with two research approaches, namely structural to examine the character of Thor, while the literary psychology approach uses the theory of Coogan and Cawelti about the superhero formula (protagonist). The results show that Thor has 4 characters, namely 1) Thor is the main character, 2) Thor is the protagonist, 3) Thor is a flat character, because at the beginning of the scene it is shown that Thor is grieving because of the loss of his brother, so Thor tries to take revenge from the beginning to the end of the film. 4) Thor is also a static character in the film. In the analysis of the representation of the superhero formula (protagonist), three points are obtained namely, 1) mission, 2) strength, and 3) costume. The conclusion of this study is that the superhero formula changes depending on culture, civilization, and technological sophistication.
PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM PENILAIAN PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI PENYUSUNAN DIGITAL STUDENTS’ WORKSHEET
Authors: Nika Sintesa  , Siti Yulaikhah
Published: April 2022

Digital students' worksheets or interactive worksheets are one of the steps in applying technology in learning and assessment. Improving the skills of teachers in designing and creating digital Students' worksheets will be very beneficial for the teacher's self-development and improving the quality of learning in the classroom. The learning process during the pandemic can no longer be carried out offline or offline. It is necessary to assist the preparation of DSW by the teacher and upload it on liveworksheet.com so that in activity-based and student-centered learning, it will be able to assist in providing understanding of the material. Teachers as the frontline in education must swiftly and responsively master the use of virtual face-to-face applications, learning media and online assessments. The subjects of the study were subject teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Depok totaling 48 people. This activity must continue to be developed and implemented so that the results will be more visible and foster a changing friendly culture, meaning that teachers are more friendly with the changes that occur in the world of education. requires mastery of technology to facilitate the distance learning process. Improved skills of 47 teachers (97.92%). For DSW students, it can be used as learning to be active and can have an independent attitude and responsibility because the exercises they do come from the teacher and can be accessed anywhere, not limited by space and time and can be done repeatedly. The results of the study were 48 teachers (100%) listed KD on their DSW sheet, the options on multiple choice questions functioned (93.75%), the drag and drop button function was successfully executed (93.75%) and the join with arrow functioned (97.92%) . All material delivery through virtual or virtual classes.
THƯ CHÚC MỪNG Nhân dịp kỷ niệm 45 năm thành lập Viện Khoa học Khí tượng Thủy văn và Biến đổi khí hậu (18/3/1977 - 18/3/2022)
Authors: Trần Thị Tân
Published: April 2022

Nhân dịp kỷ niệm 45 năm ngày thành lập Viện Khoa học Khí tượng Thủy văn và Biến đổi khí hậu (18/3/1977-18/3/2022), thay mặt Ban cán sự đảng, lãnh đạo Bộ Tài nguyên và Môi trường, tôi thân ái gửi tới các thế hệ công chức, viên chức, người lao động của Viện những tình cảm thân thiết và lời chúc mừng tốt đẹp nhất.
Profil Mikroorganisme Pada Apusan Vagina Pasien Abortus Di Rsu Anutapura Palu
Authors: Kartiani Andi , Kritiani Tuman Yuni
Published: April 2022

Abortus adalah ancaman atau pengeluaran hasil konsepsi sebelum janin dapat hidup di luar kandungan atau kehamilan kurang dari 20 minggu atau berat janin kurang dari 500 gram. Abortus yang berlansung tanpa tindakan disebut abortus spontan, sedangkan abortus yang terjadi dengan sengaja dilakukan disebut provokatus. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui profil mikroorganisme pada apusan vagina pasien abortus di RSU Anutapura Palu. Jenis penelitian survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional study dengan tujuan menganalisis fakta dan data-data yang diperlukan untuk mendukung pembahasan penelitian, dalam memecahkan dan menjawab pokok permasalahan. Penelitian dilakukan pada tanggal 01 April sampai dengan tanggal 31 Mei Tahun 2017 di RSU Anutapura Palu. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu yang terdiagnosa abortus yang berada di ruang kebidanan RSU Anutapura Palu Bulan April sampai Mei Tahun 2017 sebanyak 210 orang. Teknik pemilihan sampel yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu simple random sampling. Teknik pengmpulan data dengan eksplorasi dari rekam medik, melakukan wawancara, mengisi lembar observasi dan mengambil apusan vagina dengan teknik swab vagina terhadap pasien yang telah bersedia menjadi responden. Hasil penelitian di RSU Anutapura Palu menunjukkan bahwa secara umum ditemukan adalah diagnosa abortus inkomplit. Jenis mikroorganisme yang ditemukan adalah bakteri, berdasarkan sifat pewarnaan terbanyak ditemukan adalah basil gram (-) dengan sel vagina normal dan berdasarkan tes biokimia ditemukan terbanyak adalah jenis bakteri Pseudomonas Aeroginosa.
Penanggulangan Kejadian Luar Biasa Covid-19 di Sulawesi Tengah Dalam Masa Pandemi
Authors: Nasir Faridha , Wahyuni Rizqy
Published: April 2022

World Health Organisation (WHO) telah menyatakan Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid 19) sebagai sebuah pandemi. Penyebaran Covid-19 merupakan Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) karena diiringi dengan peningkatan jumlah kasus dan jumlah kematian. Covid-19 saat masih terjadi diseluruh Indonesia termasuk di Sulawesi Tengah. Disiplinnya manajemen dan kegiatan kesehatan masyarakat dilakukan terhadap kasus infeksi ternyata memberikan penurunan angka infeksi Covid-19 di Sulawesi Tengah dari bulan Agustus 2021 hingga Oktober 2021. Kegiatan tersebut meliputi karantina atau isolasi mandiri, pemantauan, pemeriksaan spesimen, penyelidikan epidemiologi, serta komunikasi risiko dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Dalam metode ini kesadaran masyarakat merupakan hal sangat penting, karena kesadaran masyarakat adalah proses yang diawali dari adanya rasa memiliki, yaitu rasa memiliki lingkungan sekitar yang akan memicu rasa tanggung jawab. Rasa tanggung jawab ini akan menghasilkan kesadaran warga bahwa tugas untuk menjaga lingkungan bukan hanya kewajiban pemerintah saja tapi juga warganya.
Hubungan Kondisi Fisik Air Bersih dan Kepemilikan Jamban dengan Penyakit Diare Di Desa Tinigi Kecamatan Galang Kabupaten Tolitoli
Authors: Kasmiaty Kasmiaty , Adiwijaya Herlan
Published: April 2022

Penyakit diare di Indonesia merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama, hal ini disebabkan karena masih tingginya angka kesakitan diare yang menimbulkan banyak kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kondisi fisik air bersih dan kepemilikan jamban dengan penyakit diare di Desa Tinigi Kecamatan Galang Kabupaten Tolitoli. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan secara Cros Sectional Study. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Tinigi Kecamatan Galang Kabupaten Tolitoli dan waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari-Februari 2018. Jumlah populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 995 kepala keluarga dengan sampel 91 responden. Pengumpulan data ada 2 jenis yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Analisis yang digunakan adalah univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi-square, dan tingkat kemaknaan 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan bermakna antara kondisi fisik air bersih (p = 0,032) dan kepemilikan jamban (p = 0,021) dengan penyakit diare di Desa Tinigi Kecamatan Galang Kabupaten Tolitoli. Penelitian ini menyarankan kepada instansi terkait dalam hal ini Puskesmas Galang Kabupaten Tolitoli agar dapat meningkatkan upaya-upaya penanggulangan penyakit diare melalui promosi kesehatan kepada masyarakat tentang pentingnya berprilaku hidup bersih dan sehat khususnya tentang air bersih dan kepemilikan jamban di Desa Tinigi.
Penanggulangan Kejadian Penyakit Klb Dalam Masa Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Silvah Silvah , B Fitriani
Published: April 2022

Pemerintah Indonesia mengambil beberapa langkah untuk memastikan pengendalian COVID-19 dan memperkuat kapasitas sistem pelayanan kesehatan untuk menangani masa pandemi. Salah satunya adalah cakupan imunisasi dasar untuk mencegah penyakit pada anak-anak seperti campak, rubella, dan difteri yang semakin menurun diantaranya angka cakupan imunisasi difteri, pertusis, tetanus ( DPT3 ) dan campak serta rubella ( MRI ) berkurang lebih dari 35 %. Layanan imunisasi di buka kembali untuk mencegah KEJADIAN LUAR BIASA ( KLB ) penyakit pada anak yang dapat di cegah dengan imunisasi ( PD31 ), Mensosialisasikan serangkaian pedoman, standar operasi prosedur ( SOP ) serta komunikasi, informasi, dan edukasi ( KIE ). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi media booklet imunisasi dasar terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap orang tua masa pandemic COVID-19. Rancangan penelitian nonrandonmized pre-test post-test with contol group design. Jumlah sampel 158 responden dibagi 2 kelompok, kelompok intervensi yang di edukasi dengan media booklet dan kelompok control tanpa edukasi booklet. Hasil penelitian didapatkan edukasi media booklet sangat berpengaruh ( p = 0,001 ) terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap orang tua tentang imunisasi dasar pada masa pandemi COVID-19, hal ini membuktikan bahwa media booklet merupakan alat komunikasi yang dapat digunakan oleh tenaga kesehatan untuk membantu meningkatkan pengetahuan orang tua agar tidak khawatir membawa anak ke pelayanan kesehatan untuk tetap melakukan imunisasi pada masa pandemic COVID-19.
Effect of Different Pruning Systems on Yield and Quality of Tomato Grown Under Greenhouse
Authors: Lhamo Tashi , Gyalmo Tashi , Pem Thinley , Bajgai Yadunath
Published: April 2022

An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of different pruning systems on the yield and quality of tomatoes grown under greenhouse at the National Centre for Organic Agriculture, Yusipang for the growing period of March to November 2019. The experiment was conducted with a randomized complete block design with a single factor at three different levels viz. single leader system (T1), double leader system (T2), and unpruned plants (T3) which were treated as the control for the experiment. All the leaves and axillary shoots below the first flower cluster were pruned off. For treatment T1, only the main stem was encouraged to grow. As for the treatment T2, the sucker growing just below the cluster was also encouraged to grow along with the main stem. This sucker served as the second leader. No pruning of leaves or axillary shoots was carried out in the control plot (T3) at all times. The plants that were pruned started fruiting and maturing earlier than that of unpruned plants. It was also observed that the vegetative and reproductive growth of plants was lengthened by pruning. Although the plants pruned into a single leader system yielded higher than the double leader and the unpruned plants, no statistically significant differences were observed amongst the means of the total yield. The difference in the individual fruit weight, length and diameter amongst the treatments were also found to be statistically not significant. The findings from this research suggest that although pruning gives a higher yield than control there is no significant difference in the yield of tomatoes grown in greenhouse till the 6th harvest. Pruning the plants to a single leader system proved to improve the fruit quality substantially for tomatoes grown in the greenhouse.
PENERAPAN FUNGSI-FUNGSI ADMINSTRASI PENDIDIKAN PADA PEMBELAJARAN DARING ANAK SD SELAMA COVID 19 DI DESA AIR ENAU
Authors: Riyadi Ivan , Batin Hilian , Alfiyanto Afif
Published: April 2022

This article is written based on a unique consideration of the application of education administration. The purpose of the preparation of this study is to find out and get information regarding any obstacles faced during the online learning process of elementary school children during the Covid 19 pandemic period in Air Enau Village, Rambang Nuru District, Muara Enim Regency. This research was created using a qualitative method approach, namely the results of interviews conducted by researchers with several speakers (respondents), namely several teachers and elementary school students in Air Enau Muara Enim Village. Collection of information / data using unstructured interviews and documentation results of several learning activities in Air Enau Village. The results obtained from this study can be concluded that there are several obstacles and difficulties during the online learning process taking place experienced by teaching teachers and students and parents such as the limited communication to deliver subject matter between teachers and students, increasing expenditure costs for internet quota, The lack of understanding of the use of technology, the frequent power outages that occur which results in the loss of internet networks and lack of child awareness to remember and do their duties given by the teacher.
SOCIAL ECONOMY ENTITIES IN SHAPING SOCIAL POLICY – DIFFERENT ROLES AND AREAS OF INFLUENCE
Authors: Bakalarczyk Rafał
Published: April 2022

This paper analyses a myriad of roles played by the social economy entities in selected sub-areas of social policy, such as family and foster care support, senior citizen policy or prevention of poverty and social exclusion. The author points out the role of social economy entities in programming and implementation, monitoring and evaluation of performance, analysis of challenges and development scenarios, and advocacy for the rights and interests of various groups in need of social policy support.
Port Lotniczy Rzeszów-Jasionka – studium przypadku.
Przekształcenia architektoniczno-urbanistyczne
Authors: Wróbel Piotr
Published: April 2022

Port Lotniczy Rzeszów-Jasionka
wraz z parkiem technologicznym Aeropolis
tworzy zwarty układ przestrzenny o intensywnej
zabudowie. Trwająca od dwóch dekad
urbanizacja obszaru dostarcza wiedzy na
temat mechanizmów rządzących rozwojem
przedsięwzięć odpowiadających modelowi
Airport City. Przeprowadzone badania pozwalają
na wskazanie pozytywnych stron omawianego
procesu, do których należy zaliczyć
ogólną strategiczną kontrolę planistyczną nad
obszarem. Do zjawisk negatywnych należy
pomijanie zasad kompozycji urbanistycznej
i brak w realizowanej zabudowie wartości
w postaci elementów o cechach miejskich.