bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel targets in rectal cancer by considering lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA network in response to Lactobacillus acidophilus consumption: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Khodaii Zohreh , Mehrabani Natanzi Mahboobeh , Khalighfard Solmaz , Ghandian Zanjan Maziar , Gharghi Maryam , Khori Vahid , Amiriani Taghi , Rahimkhani Monireh , Alizadeh Ali Mohammad
Published: June 2022

We aimed to explore the lncRNA–miR–mRNA network in response to Lactobacillusacidophilus (L. acidophilus) consumption in rectal cancer patients. The candidate miRs were first taken from the GEO and TCGA databases. We constructed the lncRNA–miR–mRNA network using the high-throughput sequencing data. At last, we created a heatmap based on the experimental data to show the possible correlation of the selected targets. The expression levels of selected targets were measured in the samples of 107 rectal cancer patients undergoing placebo and probiotic consumption and 10 noncancerous subjects using Real-Time PCR. Our analysis revealed a group of differentially expressed 12 miRs and 11 lncRNAs, and 12 genes in rectal cancer patients. A significant expression increase of the selected tumor suppressor miRs, lncRNAs, and genes and a substantial expression decrease of the selected oncomiRs, onco-lncRNAs, and oncogenes were obtained after the probiotic consumption compared to the placebo group. There is a strong correlation between some network components, including miR-133b and IGF1 gene, miR-548ac and MSH2 gene, and miR-21 and SMAD4 gene. In rectal cancer patients, L.acidophilus consumption was associated with improved expression of the lncRNA–miR–mRNA network, which may provide novel monitoring and therapeutic approaches.
Disparity in association of obesity measures with ankle and brachial systolic blood pressures in Europeans and South Asians
Authors: Berceanu Matei , Cheng Chew W. , Viswambharan Hema , Kain Kirti
Published: June 2022

Obesity causes increases in brachial systolic-blood-pressures (SBP), risks of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Brachial and ankle SBPs have differential relationship with T2DM and CVD. Our objective was to study the relationship of obesity measures with brachial and ankle SBPs. A population of 1098 adults (South Asians n = 699; 41.70% male and 58.3% female) were recruited over 5 years from primary care practices in England. Their four limbs SBPs were measured using Doppler machine and body-mass-index (BMI) and waist-to-height-ratio (WHtR) calculated. Linear regressions were performed between SBPs and obesity measures, after adjustments for sex, age, ethnicity, T2DM and CVD. The mean age of all participants was 51.3 (SD = 17.2), European was 57.7 (SD 17.2) and South Asian was 47.8 (SD = 16.1). The left posterior tibial [Beta = 1.179, P = 4.559 × 10−15] and the right posterior tibial SBP [Beta = 1.178, P = 1.114 × 10−13] most significantly associated with the BMI. In South Asians, although the left brachial [Beta = 25.775, P = 0.032] and right brachial SBP [Beta = 22.792, P = 0.045] were associated to the WHtR, the left posterior tibial SBP [Beta = 39.894, P = 0.023], association was the strongest. For the first time, we have demonstrated that ankle SBPs had significant association with generalised obesity than brachial systolic blood pressures (SBP), irrespective of ethnicity. However, with respect to visceral obesity, the association with ankle SBP was more significant in South Asians compared to Europeans.
Visualization of 3D to quasi 2D conversion of perovskite thin films via in situ photoluminescence measurement: a facile route to design a graded energy landscape
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Yadav Ankur , Bag Monojit
Published: June 2022

In situ photoluminescence measurement is carried out to probe the 3D to 2D conversion in a 2D terminated perovskite thin film.
Insulation of a coumarin derivative with [1]rotaxane to control solvation-induced effects in excited-state dynamics for enhanced luminescence
Authors: Russell Go M. , Masai Hiroshi , Terao Jun
Published: June 2022

A coumarin derivative bearing a [1]rotaxane structure with permethylated α-cyclodextrins suppressed unwanted solvation-induced effects and increased luminescent quantum yields in medium- and high-polarity solvents.
In situ growth of a bifunctional modification material for highly efficient electron-transport-layer-free perovskite solar cells
Authors: Gao Liguo , Xu Cai , He Zhen , Su Yingjie , Ma Tingli
Published: June 2022

The in situ grown APS film could optimize the crystal growth of perovskite and improve the energy level alignment of ITO, resulting in increasing over 60% PCE of ETL-free PSCs.
In situ probing the dynamic reconstruction of copper–zinc electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction
Authors: Huang Yen-Po , Tung Ching-Wei , Chen Tai-Lung , Hsu Chia-Shuo , Liao Mei-Yi , Chen Hsiao-Chien , Chen Hao Ming
Published: June 2022

The result of probing the dynamic structure of co-sputtered CuO and ZnO electrocatalyst suggests the reversing Ostwald ripening of Cu structure is triggered during CO2RR and has a key impact on its methane selectivity.
Hydrophobic cargo loading at the core–corona interface of uniform, length-tunable aqueous diblock copolymer nanofibers with a crystalline polycarbonate core
Authors: Garcia-Hernandez J. Diego , Parkin Hayley C. , Ren Yangyang , Zhang Yifan , Manners Ian
Published: June 2022

1D core–shell nanoparticles are considered to be among the most promising for biomedical applications such as drug delivery.
Stochasticity of poly(2-oxazoline) oligomer hydrolysis determined by tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Morgan Tomos E. , Floyd Thomas G. , Marzullo Bryan P. , Wootton Christopher A. , Barrow Mark P. , Bristow Anthony W. T. , Perrier Sébastien , O'Connor Peter B.
Published: June 2022

Tandem mass spectrometry can be used to better understand modification sites of synthetic polymer structures providing more complete chemical knowledge which is necessary for their accurate synthesis and potential applications.
Graph-based molecular Pareto optimisation
Authors: Verhellen Jonas
Published: June 2022

Chemical diversity in Pareto optimization is sufficiently ensured by the structure of the algorithms, and outperforms an explicit quality-diversity approach.
Colloidal clustering and diffusion in a convection cell array
Authors: Li Yunyun , Zhou Yuxin , Marchesoni Fabio , Ghosh Pulak K.
Published: June 2022

We numerically investigated the clustering of a uniform suspension of finite-size disks in a linear array of two-dimensional convection cells.
Crystallization regulation of solution-processed two-dimensional perovskite solar cells
Authors: Ji Tianbai , Niu Tianqi , Wang Jing , Lu Rong , Wen Zhangchuan , Luo Dongxiang , Huang Jacob C. , Min Yonggang , Wang Shun , Luponosov Yuriy N. , Pan Shuang , Chen Yihuang , Xue Qifan
Published: June 2022

Herein, a review about crystallization regulation in 2D perovskite solar cells was presented, aiming to elucidate the intrinsic logic and functionalities of existing optimization strategies and guide the further crystallization modulation.
The influence of π–π stacking on the room temperature phosphorescence of phenothiazine 5,5-dioxide derivatives
Authors: Ren Jia , Tian Yu , Wang Yunsheng , Yang Jie , Fang Manman , Li Zhen
Published: June 2022

Five phenothiazine 5,5-dioxide derivatives were designed to reveal their different RTP properties and inherent mechanism. The results show that the large π–π overlap within molecular dimer is beneficial for persistent RTP effect.
Coronal loop kink oscillation periods derived from the information of density, magnetic field, and loop geometry
Authors: Chen G. Y. , Chen L. Y. , Guo Y. , Ding M. D. , Chen P. F. , Erdélyi R.
Published: June 2022

Context. Coronal loop oscillations can be triggered by solar eruptions, for example, and are observed frequently by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board SDO offers us the opportunity to measure the photospheric vector magnetic field and carry out solar magneto-seismology (SMS).

Aims. By applying SMS, we aim to verify the consistency between the observed period and the one derived from the information of coronal density, magnetic field, and loop geometry, that is, the shape of the loop axis.

Methods. We analysed the data of three coronal loop oscillation events detected by SDO/AIA and SDO/HMI. First, we obtained oscillation parameters by fitting the observational data. Second, we used a differential emission measure (DEM) analysis to diagnose the temperature and density distribution along the coronal loop. Subsequently, we applied magnetic field extrapolation to reconstruct the three-dimensional magnetic field and then, finally, used the shooting method to compute the oscillation periods from the governing equation.

Results. The average magnetic field determined by magnetic field extrapolation is consistent with that derived by SMS. A new analytical solution is found under the assumption of exponential density profile and uniform magnetic field. The periods estimated by combining the coronal density and magnetic field distribution and the associated loop geometry are closest to the observed ones, and are more realistic than when the loop geometry is regarded as being semi-circular or having a linear shape.

Conclusions. The period of a coronal loop is sensitive to not only the density and magnetic field distribution but also the loop geometry.
Probing stellar cores from inversions of frequency separation ratios
Authors: Bétrisey J. , Buldgen G.
Published: June 2022

Context. With the rapid development of asteroseismology thanks to space-based photometry missions such as CoRoT, Kepler, TESS, and in the future, PLATO, and the use of inversion techniques, quasi-model-independent constraints on the stellar properties can be extracted from a given stellar oscillation spectrum. In this context, inversions based on frequency separation ratios, which are less sensitive to surface effects, appear as a promising technique to constrain the properties of stellar convective cores.

Aims. We developed an inversion based on frequency separation ratios, with the goal of damping the surface effects of the oscillation frequencies. Using this new inversion, we defined a new indicator to constrain the boundary mixing properties of convective cores in solar-like oscillators.

Methods. We verified our inversion technique by conducting tests in a controlled environment, where the stellar mass and radius were known exactly, and conducted an extensive hare and hounds exercise.

Results. The inversion is not affected by surface effects. With the construction of an extensive set of models, favoured and forbidden regions can be highlighted in the parameter space. If the ratios are well fitted, unsurprisingly the inversion does not provide any additional information.

Conclusions. The indicator, coupled with the inversion based on frequency separation ratios, seems promising at probing the properties of convective cores, especially for F-type stars exhibiting solar-like oscillations.
Gret1 retrotransposon and VvmybA1 gene sequences in somatic mutants of new table grape varieties ‘Brasil’ and –Black Star’ (Vitis vinifera L.).
Authors: Strioto Danuza Kelly , Mangolin Claudete Aparecida , de Oliveira Collet Sandra Aparecida , das Neves Andrea Florindo , Cantagalli Liriana Belizario , Machado Maria de Fátima P.S.
Published: June 2022

Somatic mutations in grapes are relatively frequent and associated with diversity in grape skin color and berry morphology. Mutations that occur on a side branch of the ‘Benitaka’ cultivar with rosy-red berry skin color generated the ‘Brasil’ cultivar, and mutations that occurred on a side branch of ‘Brasil’ generated the ‘Black Star’ cultivar, both showing a black color in the berry skin. Therefore, genetic characterization of the Gret1 retrotransposon and the VvmybA1 gene in ‘Italia’, ‘Rubi’, ‘Benitaka’, ‘Brasil’, and ‘Black Star’ was started to find whether the altered coloration of berries in ‘Brasil’ and ‘Black Star’ is a product of different mutation patterns in the investigated sequences. Six primer combinations were used for the amplification of different sequences of the Gret1 retrotransposon and VvmybA1 gene of the five cultivars. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the Gret1 retrotransposon and the VvmybA1 gene and sequencing of the amplified products using six primer combinations showed no different alleles or different nucleotide sequences in ‘Brasil’ and ‘Black Star’. The sequencing of the VvmybA1 gene in the present study showed that the mutations that occurred in the cultivar ‘Italia’ for generating the ‘Benitaka’ cultivar persisted in the ‘Brasil’ and ‘Black Star’ cultivars.
Investigation of the first recent crayfish plague outbreak in Ireland and its subsequent spread in the Bruskey River and surrounding areas
Authors: Mirimin Luca , Brady Daniel , Gammell Martin , Lally Heather , Minto Cóilín , Graham Conor T. , Slattery Orla , Cheslett Deborah , Morrissey Teresa , Reynolds Julian , White Samantha , Nelson Brian
Published: June 2022

White-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) is a keystone species found in western European freshwater bodies, where it has suffered drastic declines due to pathogens, competition with non-indigenous crayfish species (NICS) and habitat deterioration. In Ireland, populations of (naturalised) A. pallipes have been considered healthy and abundant mainly because no diseases or NICS have been reported in the past decades. The present study investigated a sudden mass mortality event that occurred in the Erne catchment in 2015. Molecular analysis confirmed that the cause of the event was infection by the oomycete Aphanomyces astaci (the causative agent of the crayfish plague). While in 2015 the spread of the pathogen appeared to remain confined to the outbreak’s epicentre and nearby upstream waters, follow up surveys using conventional methods and environmental DNA (eDNA) approaches indicated that by a year later (2016), the pathogen was still present and had spread downstream beyond Lough Gowna. No NICS were detected during the surveys conducted. This crayfish plague outbreak is of grave concern to Irish white-clawed crayfish and associated ecosystems.
Surgical transpose of an impacted maxillary canine with bone flap replacement
Authors: Ligerot Romain , Lenganey Hugues , Bodard Anne Gaelle Chaux , Laforest Laurent , Lafon Arnaud
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Management of an edentulous area when the tooth is impacted is often a challenge. Usually, treatments are by far orthodontic traction followed by tooth removal with dental implant placement. With piezosurgery, minimally invasive auto-transplantation can be an alternative. Observation: A 27-year-old patient presenting terminal mobility of the tooth no°63 consulted for replacement. Among the different therapeutic solutions, a surgical transposition of her impacted tooth no°23 with a conservative bone window replacement was decided. After a 12-month follow up period, X-rays showed no sign of ankylosis, root resorption or apical pathology, while clinical criteria such as tooth function, mobility and aesthetic integration were all satisfying. Commentaries: Space closure, dental implant and bonded bridge were alternatives. The interest of this clinical case is to restore the functional and aesthetic roles of the canine without compromising any potential implant placement later. Also the patient can still have the possibility to opt for an implant-supported crown in the long-term thanks to the bone volume maintained. Conclusion: When orthodontic realignment is considered as not possible, auto-transplantation of a tooth can be a good choice before going on dental implant therapeutic.
Primär endoprothetische Versorgung von Kniegelenksfrakturen
Authors: Förch Stefan , Lisitano Leonard , Mayr Edgar
Published: June 2022

Während die primäre prothetische Versorgung von Schenkelhalsfrakturen ein etabliertes Verfahren und bei geriatrischen Patienten den Goldstandard darstellt, wird die primäre endoprothetische
Versorgung bei kniegelenknahen Frakturen deutlich seltener angewendet. Vor allem bei älteren Patienten findet sie Anwendung bei Frakturen mit vorbestehender symptomatischer Gonarthrose oder
Frakturen, die aufgrund ihrer Komplexität und vorbestehender reduzierter Knochenqualität nicht osteosynthetisch zu versorgen sind.

Die operative Umsetzung ist komplex und bedarf entsprechender Erfahrung in der Primär- und vor allem auch Revisionsendoprothetik, einer Logistik mit Vorhaltung entsprechender Implantate und
einer guten präoperativen Planung.

Auch wenn hochwertige Studien weitgehend fehlen, gibt es vor allem seit Anfang der 2000er-Jahre immer wieder Berichte und Fallserien zur primären endoprothetischen Versorgung
kniegelenknaher Frakturen. Kumulativ liegen Berichte von jeweils gut 200 Fällen nach distalen Femur- und proximalen Tibiafrakturen vor. Die Komplikationsraten werden zwischen 0 und 90%
angegeben und betreffen vor allem Wundheilungsstörungen und Infekte. Funktionell können überwiegend sehr gute bis zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse und Bewegungsumfänge von 100° erzielt
werden.

Die primäre endoprothetische Frakturversorgung kniegelenknaher Frakturen sollte in ausgewählten Fällen als Therapieoption in Betracht gezogen werden. Es lassen sich mit hoher
Zuverlässigkeit gute funktionelle Ergebnisse erzielen, Hauptkomplikationen sind Wundheilungsstörungen und Infekte.
The Untapped Potential of Nursing and Allied Health Data for Improved Representation of Social Determinants of Health and Intersectionality in Artificial Intelligence Applications: A Rapid Review
Authors: Ronquillo Charlene Esteban , Mitchell James , Alhuwail Dari , Peltonen Laura-Maria , Topaz Maxim , Block Lorraine J.
Published: June 2022

Objectives: The objective of this paper is to draw attention to the currently underused potential of clinical documentation by nursing and allied health professions to improve the representation of social determinants of health (SDoH) and intersectionality data in electronic health records (EHRs), towards the development of equitable artificial intelligence (AI) technologies.

Methods: A rapid review of the literature on the inclusion of nursing and allied health data and the nature of health equity information representation in the development and/or use of artificial intelligence approaches alongside expert perspectives from the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Student and Emerging Professionals Working Group.

Results: Consideration of social determinants of health and intersectionality data are limited in both the medical AI and nursing and allied health AI literature. As a concept being newly discussed in the context of AI, the lack of discussion of intersectionality in the literature was unsurprising. However, the limited consideration of social determinants of health was surprising, given its relatively longstanding recognition and the importance of representation of the features of diverse populations as a key requirement for equitable AI.

Conclusions: Leveraging the rich contextual data collected by nursing and allied health professions has the potential to improve the capture and representation of social determinants of health and intersectionality. This will require addressing issues related to valuing AI goals (e.g., diagnostics versus supporting care delivery) and improved EHR infrastructure to facilitate documentation of data beyond medicine. Leveraging nursing and allied health data to support equitable AI development represents a current open question for further exploration and research.
Desiderata for a New Generation of EHRs for Inclusive Healthcare
Authors: Román-Villarán Esther , Ammenwerth Elske , Wijayaratne Jayathri , Parra-Calderón Carlos Luis
Published: June 2022

Objectives: This research addresses several factors relevant to inequity in healthcare that may be susceptible to being addressed in a new generation of electronic health records (EHRs).

Methods: Through a scoping review of the literature, inequities related to ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic aspects in healthcare in general and, more specifically in EHRs, have been considered. Papers have been identified between 2011 and 2022 in three categories: EHR, gender inequalities, and ethnicity inequalities.

Results: Twenty-two recommendations have been identified within the scope of the three categories indicated above. These exposed requirements focus on two spheres: (1) technical sphere, mainly focused on the characteristics and tools that the EHR should develop from taking into account the studied inequalities; and (2) clinical sphere, which mainly affects patients, health professionals, and health providers.

Conclusions: Ethnic and gender inequalities are essential factors to take into account when diagnosing, monitoring, preventing, and treating a patient. These factors give us the keys to discovering recommendations for a new generation of EHRs to help mitigate these needs.
Natural Language Processing: from Bedside to Everywhere
Authors: Aramaki Eiji , Wakamiya Shoko , Yada Shuntaro , Nakamura Yuta
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Owing to the rapid progress of natural language processing (NLP), the role of NLP in the medical field has radically gained considerable attention from both NLP and medical informatics. Although numerous medical NLP papers are published annually, there is still a gap between basic NLP research and practical product development. This gap raises questions, such as what has medical NLP achieved in each medical field, and what is the burden for the practical use of NLP? This paper aims to clarify the above questions.

Methods: We explore the literature on potential NLP products/services applied to various medical/clinical/healthcare areas.

Results: This paper introduces clinical applications (bedside applications), in which we introduce the use of NLP for each clinical department, internal medicine, pre-surgery, post-surgery, oncology, radiology, pathology, psychiatry, rehabilitation, obstetrics, and gynecology. Also, we clarify technical problems to be addressed for encouraging bedside applications based on NLP.

Conclusions: These results contribute to discussions regarding potentially feasible NLP applications and highlight research gaps for future studies.
Resultados da abordagem de Carlson para o tratamento de fraturas no platô tibial posterior*
Authors: Alencar Neto Jonatas Brito de , Rego Itallo Epaminondas de Queiroz , Lopes Márcio Bezerra Gadelha , Lima Lana Lacerda de , Clazzer Renata , Ariel de Lima Diego
Published: June 2022

Objetivos O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever uma série de casos de fraturas de tíbia submetidas ao tratamento cirúrgico pela via posterior de Carlson para avaliação de resultados funcionais e frequência de complicações.

Métodos Onze pacientes com fraturas do platô tibial foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico pela via de Carlson de julho a dezembro de 2019 e acompanhados por um período mínimo de 6 meses. As pontuações American Knee Society Score (AKSS), American Knee Society Score/Function (AKSS/Função) e de Lysholm verificaram os resultados do tratamento 6 meses após a fratura. Os pacientes foram submetidos a radiografias comuns em incidência anteroposterior e de perfil para avaliação da consolidação da fratura e a cicatrização clínica foi determinada pela ausência de dor à descarga total de peso.

Resultados O período médio de acompanhamento foi de 12 meses (9 a 16 meses). O principal mecanismo de trauma foi acidente motociclístico e a fratura foi mais prevalente no lado direito. Oito pacientes eram do sexo masculino. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 28 anos. Todas as fraturas cicatrizaram e nenhum paciente apresentou complicações. A AKSS foi excelente em 11 pacientes, com AKSS/Função média de 99,1 ± 3, e a mediana das pontuações de Lysholm foi de 95,0 ± 5,6.

Conclusões Nas fraturas posteriores do platô tibial, a abordagem de Carlson pode ser considerada segura, apresentando baixo índice de complicações e resultados funcionais satisfatórios.
Challenges in double-beam laser interferometry measurements of fully released piezoelectric films
Authors: Liu Tianning , Tipsawat Pannawit , Zhu Wanlin , Jackson Thomas N. , Sivaramakrishnan Mani , Mardilovich Peter , Schmitz-Kempen Thorsten , Trolier-McKinstry Susan
Published: June 2022

When utilizing double-beam laser interferometry to assess the piezoelectric coefficient of a film on a substrate, probing both top and bottom sample surfaces is expected to correct the erroneous bending contribution by canceling the additional path length from the sample height change. However, when the bending deformation becomes extensive and uncontrolled, as in the case of membranes or fully released piezoelectric films, the double-beam setup can no longer account for the artifacts, thus resulting in inflated film displacement data and implausibly large piezoelectric coefficient values. This work serves to identify these challenges by demonstrating d33,f measurements of fully released PZT films using a commercial double-beam laser interferometer. For a 1 μm thick randomly oriented PZT film on a 10 μm thick polyimide substrate, a large apparent d33,f of 9500 pm/V was measured. The source of error was presumably a distorted interference pattern due to the erroneous phase shift of the measurement laser beam caused by extensive deformation of the released sample structure. This effect has unfortunately been mistaken as enhanced piezoelectric responses by some reports in the literature. Finite element models demonstrate that bending, laser beam alignment, and the offset between the support structure and the electrode under test have a strong influence on the apparent film d33,f.
Structure and interactions at the Mg(0001)/water interface: An ab initio study
Authors: Fogarty R. M. , Li B. X. , Harrison N. M. , Horsfield A. P.
Published: June 2022

A molecular level understanding of metal/bulk water interface structure is key for a wide range of processes, including aqueous corrosion, which is our focus, but their buried nature makes experimental investigation difficult and we must mainly rely on simulations. We investigate the Mg(0001)/water interface using second generation Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics (MD) to gain structural information, combined with static density functional theory calculations to probe the atomic interactions and electronic structure (e.g., calculating the potential of zero charge). By performing detailed structural analyses of both metal–surface atoms and the near-surface water, we find that, among other insights: (i) water adsorption causes significant surface roughening (the planar distribution for top-layer Mg has two peaks separated by ≈0.6Å), (ii) strongly adsorbed water covers only ≈14 of available surface sites, and (iii) adsorbed water avoids clustering on the surface. Static calculations are used to gain a deeper understanding of the structuring observed in MD. For example, we use an energy decomposition analysis combined with calculated atomic charges to show that adsorbate clustering is unfavorable due to Coulombic repulsion between adsorption site surface atoms. Results are discussed in the context of previous simulations carried out on other metal/water interfaces. The largest differences for the Mg(0001)/water system appear to be the high degree of surface distortion and the minimal difference between the metal work function and metal/water potential of zero charge (at least compared to other interfaces with similar metal–water interaction strengths). The structural information, in this paper, is important for understanding aqueous Mg corrosion, as the Mg(0001)/water interface is the starting point for key reactions. Furthermore, our focus on understanding the driving forces behind this structuring leads to important insights for general metal/water interfaces.
Fabrication of patternable Janus transition-metal dichalcogenides assisted by electron beam irradiation
Authors: Han Zichao , Wei Tianyao , Xiao Qingyu , Zhong Xinyi , Xiang Du , Liu Tao
Published: June 2022

Two-dimensional Janus transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit intrinsic out-of-plane structural symmetry breaking, which facilitates their applications in spintronics through the enhanced Rashba spin–orbit coupling. Fabrication of Janus structures in a deterministic fashion is essential for their practical heterogeneous integration, which, however, remains challenging in the aspect of material synthesis technology. Here, we demonstrate a synthetic strategy to fabricate Janus WSSe structures at definite positions on its tungsten disulfide (WS2) host through the local electron beam irradiation followed by controllable selenization. We show that the energetic electron flux can significantly modulate the WS2 lattice properties, which locally increase the energy barrier between the WS2 and its Janus counterpart WSSe, thus preventing the irradiated WS2 from being selenized and creating well-defined hetero-boundaries. Moreover, by using monolayer and bilayer WS2 as the hosts, both lateral and vertical heterostructures of WSSe–WS2 can be achieved in a patternable manner. Our work provides a viable route toward the controllable fabrication of the Janus structures for multi-functional spintronics.
Concurrent 8. Presentation for: Collaborative development of the Northern Territory low-emissions carbon capture, utilisation and storage hub – a blueprint for the rapid decarbonisation of Northern Australia
Authors: Ross Andrew
Published: June 2022

Presented on Tuesday 17 May: Session 8 As the world increases its decarbonisation ambition, Australia is well placed to offer low emission intensity energy supplies to our region. Northern Australia’s plentiful resources mean that the region can be both an energy export and regional decarbonisation powerhouse. The Northern Territory has abundant natural gas and solar resources, significant carbon dioxide (CO2) storage capacity and proximity to international markets. This paper will summarise the development of the business case for a large-scale Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) hub based in the Northern Territory. The work is a result of a collaborative initiative to bring together experience and expertise from CSIRO, the Northern Territory Government, major gas industry emitters and engineering companies. The approach has been to develop a common vision of a low emission CCUS hub, develop an understanding of the key attributes of a hub, the development decisions, value drivers, market analysis and an understanding of potential economic outcomes that could be realised from its collaborative development. This work contemplates both initial and long-term economies of scale required to provide a pathway for decarbonisation of existing industries while providing opportunities for the development of new low-emission industries. To access the presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Scene setter presentation: Why does innovation and technology matter to the industry’s future?
Authors: Hill Iman
Published: June 2022

Technology is an enabler, not a metaphysical abstraction that will resolve the energy transition. Many of the technologies our industry is working on could help us reduce potential environmental impacts, advance decarbonisation, and improve efficiency. Some cost-saving examples of innovation include centralising and automating work planning and monitoring in well operations, oil and gas production, and refining through to using Robotic Process Automation to automate manual processes. Revenues can be enhanced by using machine learning and advanced analytics to optimise entire systems from the reservoir through to refineries, enabling intervention ahead of predicted equipment failure, optimising supply and demand functions through trading and shipping. Huge investment is also being placed in carbon reduction technology like satellite imaging and drones. We are finally seeing some momentum in CCUS and hydrogen. Digital technologies enable everything we do, particularly because they can be deployed relatively quickly and low cost. But we need to consider a few things when we consider technology. First, we cannot afford to wait for game-changing technologies to solve climate change. Second, the Paris goals can be met with technologies that exist today, albeit not at the price point we would ideally like. The challenge is pace of deployment, supported by customer demand and regulation. A technology-inclusive approach to policymaking can ensure they are able to use the broadest possible range of emission mitigation solutions possible. By picking winners early in the race and focusing public support on a small number of technologies, we are concentrating risk and increasing chances of failure. To view the video, click on the link to the right.
The shape of things to come: Presentation 3.4
Authors: Gallagher Kevin
Published: June 2022

There is not an abstract available for this presentation. To view the video, click on the link to the right.
Corrigendum to: Phylogenetics of the skyhoppers (Kosciuscola) of the Australian Alps: evolutionary and conservation implications
Authors: Umbers Kate D. L. , Slatyer Rachel A. , Tatarnic Nikolai J. , Muschett Giselle R. , Wang Shichen , Song Hojun
Published: June 2022

The true biodiversity of Australia’s alpine and subalpine endemics is unknown. Genetic studies to date have focused on sub-regions and restricted taxa, but even so, indicate deep divergences across small geographic scales and therefore that the bulk of biodiversity remains to be discovered. We aimed to study the phylogeography of the Australian Alps by focusing on the skyhoppers (Kosciuscola), a genus of five species of flightless grasshoppers whose combined distributions both span the region and are almost exclusively contained within it. Our sampling covered 650 km on the mainland and several sites in Tasmania with total of 260 specimens used to reconstruct a robust phylogeny of Koscisucola. Phylogenies were based on single nucleotide polymorphism data generated from double-digested restriction-associated DNA sequencing. Skyhoppers diverged around 2 million years ago and have since undergone complex diversification seemingly driven by climatic oscillations throughout the Pleistocene. We recovered not 5 but 14 clades indicating the presence of many unknown species. Our results support conspicuous geographic features as genetic breaks; e.g. the Murray Valley, and inconspicuous ones; e.g. between the Bogong High Plains and Mt Hotham. Climate change is progressing quickly in the region and its impact, particularly on snow, could have severe consequences for the skyhoppers’ overwinter survival. The true diversity of skyhoppers highlights that biodiversity loss in the Alps as a result of climate change is likely to be far greater than what can be estimated based on current species numbers and that management including small geographical scales is key.
Accurate virus identification with interpretable Raman signatures by machine learning
Authors: Ye Jiarong , Yeh Yin-Ting , Xue Yuan , Wang Ziyang , Zhang Na , Liu He , Zhang Kunyan , Ricker RyeAnne , Yu Zhuohang , Roder Allison , Perea Lopez Nestor , Organtini Lindsey , Greene Wallace , Hafenstein Susan , Lu Huaguang , Ghedin Elodie , Terrones Mauricio , Huang Shengxi , Huang Sharon Xiaolei
Published: June 2022

Significance

A large Raman dataset collected on a variety of viruses enables the training of machine learning (ML) models capable of highly accurate and sensitive virus identification. The trained ML models can then be integrated with a portable device to provide real-time virus detection and identification capability. We validate this conceptual framework by presenting highly accurate virus type and subtype identification results using a convolutional neural network to classify Raman spectra of viruses. The accurate and interpretable ML model developed for Raman virus identification presents promising potential in a real-time, label-free virus detection system that could be used in future outbreaks and pandemics.
Gene-rich X chromosomes implicate intragenomic conflict in the evolution of bizarre genetic systems
Authors: Anderson Noelle , Jaron Kamil S. , Hodson Christina N. , Couger Matthew B. , Ševčík Jan , Weinstein Brooke , Pirro Stacy , Ross Laura , Roy Scott William
Published: June 2022

Significance

Sex determination systems such as haplodiploidy, in which males' gene transmission is haploid, are surprisingly common, however, the evolutionary paths to these systems are poorly understood. X chromosomes may play a particularly important role, either by increasing survival of males with only maternal genomes, or due to conflicts between X-chromosomal and autosomal genes. We studied X-chromosome gene richness in three arthropod lineages in which males are diploid as adults but only transmit their maternally inherited haploid genome. We find that species with such atypical systems have far more X-chromosomal genes than related diploid species. These results suggest that conflict between genetic elements within the genome drives the evolution of unusual sex determination systems.
Structural and mechanistic basis of σ-dependent transcriptional pausing
Authors: Pukhrambam Chirangini , Molodtsov Vadim , Kooshkbaghi Mahdi , Tareen Ammar , Vu Hoa , Skalenko Kyle S. , Su Min , Yin Zhou , Winkelman Jared T. , Kinney Justin B. , Ebright Richard H. , Nickels Bryce E.
Published: June 2022

Significance

The paradigmatic example of factor-dependent pausing in transcription elongation is σ-dependent pausing, in which sequence-specific σ-DNA interaction with a − 10 element-like sequence in a transcribed region results in pausing of a σ-containing transcription elongation complex. It has been proposed that σ-dependent pausing involves DNA scrunching, and that sequences downstream of the −10 element-like sequence modulate DNA scrunching. Here, using site-specific protein–DNA photocrosslinking, high-throughput sequencing, and cryoelectron microscopy structure determination, we show directly that σ-dependent pausing involves DNA scrunching, we define a consensus sequence for formation of a stable scrunched paused complex that is identical to the consensus sequence for pausing in initial transcription, and we identify positions of DNA scrunching on DNA nontemplate and template strands. Our results illuminate the structural and mechanistic basis of σ-dependent transcriptional pausing.
Citation in global academic knowledge making
Authors: Smirnova Natalia , Lillis Theresa
Published: June 2022

This paper introduces apaired text history methodologyto explore the citation practices of three experienced Russian scholars in philosophy, sociology, and economics. The empirical focus is on the analysis of three paired text histories, comparing Russian-medium research articles with English-medium research articles in each discipline. By analyzing the paired text histories through the use of multiple data sources – article drafts, email correspondence surrounding text production, and interviews – focusing specifically on the changes made to citations in each pair, the paper seeks to throw light on both micro and macro level knowledge production practices. At the micro level, the paper analyses changes made to citations across English and Russian-medium texts, documenting the involvement of literacy brokers, their evaluative requests about citations, and authors’ responses to such requests. At the macro level, the paper raises questions about what counts as ‘citeworthy’ in different geolinguistic contexts and considers the consequences of citation brokering and citation practices for knowledge production and circulation globally.
Academic texts in motion
Authors: Khuder Baraa , Petrić Bojana
Published: June 2022

Knowledge production in collaborative writing for publication has tended to be studied as fixed in time and place; few studies have focused on the drafting and redrafting of texts and the interactions among the co-authors involved. Using atext historyapproach to a research article co-authored by an exiled academic and his two more experienced co-authors, all using English as an additional language, this study investigates the impact of interactions during text production on the focal academic’s understanding of writing for English-medium international publication. We analysed the co-authors’ comments on the academic’s drafts, examining theirIntervention Levels(levels of directness and explicitness) andIntervention Areas(disciplinary, writing, and publishing conventions) and the academic’s responses to these interventions. Analysis focused oninteraction episodes (written interactions relating to a specific point in the text and relevant textual changes throughout drafts). Findings revealed that interventions focused on multiple areas, with the co-authors acting as knowledge brokers in all domains. The interaction dynamics changed across the drafts, in the focus of interaction episodes and the levels of co-authors’ interventions provided to the academic, which created a space to negotiate interventions and, consequently, to enrich his understanding of writing practices for international publication in English.
Cantonese give and Double-Object Construction
Authors: Chin Andy Chi-on
Published: June 2022

GIVE is a versatile morpheme in many languages. While there have been extensive studies on the interplay between the syntax and semantics of GIVE in many languages, not much has been done in a similar manner on Cantonese, a member of the Yue dialect group of the Chinese language family. This monograph reports on the study of GIVE and its associated functions and syntactic constructions in Cantonese from diachronic, synchronic, and typological perspectives. Drawing on cross-linguistic data, and 19th century Cantonese dialect materials, this study first traces the chronological development of the various functions played by GIVE in Cantonese. It then examines the double-object construction. Besides the typological features of this construction in Cantonese, this study investigates the use of the northern pattern in Cantonese as a result of the increasing influence of Putonghua and Modern Standard Chinese by means of a sociolinguistic survey with 40 native speakers of Cantonese.
Dietary intervention preserves β cell function in mice through CTCF-mediated transcriptional reprogramming
Authors: Wang Ruo-Ran , Qiu Xinyuan , Pan Ran , Fu Hongxing , Zhang Ziyin , Wang Qintao , Chen Haide , Wu Qing-Qian , Pan Xiaowen , Zhou Yanping , Shan Pengfei , Wang Shusen , Guo Guoji , Zheng Min , Zhu Lingyun , Meng Zhuo-Xian
Published: June 2022

Pancreatic β cell plasticity is the primary determinant of disease progression and remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the dynamic nature of β cell adaptation remains elusive. Here, we establish a mouse model exhibiting the compensation-to-decompensation adaptation of β cell function in response to increasing duration of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Comprehensive islet functional and transcriptome analyses reveal a dynamic orchestration of transcriptional networks featuring temporal alteration of chromatin remodeling. Interestingly, prediabetic dietary intervention completely rescues β cell dysfunction, accompanied by a remarkable reversal of HFD-induced reprogramming of islet chromatin accessibility and transcriptome. Mechanistically, ATAC-based motif analysis identifies CTCF as the top candidate driving dietary intervention–induced preservation of β cell function. CTCF expression is markedly decreased in β cells from obese and diabetic mice and humans. Both dietary intervention and AAV-mediated restoration of CTCF expression ameliorate β cell dysfunction ex vivo and in vivo, through transducing the lipid toxicity and inflammatory signals to transcriptional reprogramming of genes critical for β cell glucose metabolism and stress response.
Improved empirical formulas for α-decay half-lives of heavy and superheavy nuclei
Authors: Ismail M , Ellithi A Y , Adel A , Abbas M A
Published: June 2022

The empirical Royer formulas were readjusted with new set of coefficients using the latest experimental data and the recent evaluated

α

-decay half-lives over a wide range of 573 nuclei between 52

≤

Z

≤

118. The effects of the orbital angular momentum, isospin asymmetry, and parity have been examined in improving the adopted formulas. The modified formulas were tested for their accuracy by comparing with the recent experimental data and other theoretical calculations. The prediction of

α

-decay half-lives of several isotopes of the superheavy nuclei with

Z
=
120
−
126
,

which have not yet been experimentally synthesized, are presented and compared with other theoretical approaches. The behavior of

log

10

T

α

in relation to the neutron number variation is explored for about 40 isotopes of each element. Based on the minima found in

log

10

T

α

variation with neutron number, we found neutron stability at

N
=
184
,

190, 196, 200, 202, 204, 210, 216, 218, 220 and 228. The behavior of

log

10

T

α

with neutron variation for heavy and superheavy nuclei is almost the same as that found using more heavy and complicated calculations. The present method can be applied easily to study large number of nuclei.
Minimal sensor arrays for localizing objects using an electric sense
Authors: Pourziaei Babak , Lewis Gregory M , Lewis John E
Published: June 2022

Weakly electric fish encode perturbations in a self-generated electric field to sense their environment. Localizing objects using this electric sense requires that distance be decoded from a two-dimensional electric image of the field perturbations on their skin. Many studies of object localization by weakly electric fish, and by electric sensing in a generic context, have focused on extracting location information from different features of the electric image. Some of these studies have also considered the additional information gained from sampling the electric image at different times, and from different viewpoints. Here, we take a different perspective and instead consider the information available at a single point in space (i.e. a single sensor or receptor) at a single point in time (i.e. constant field). By combining the information from multiple receptors, we show that an object’s distance can be unambiguously encoded by as few as four receptors at specific locations on a sensing surface in a manner that is relatively robust to environmental noise. This provides a lower bound on the information (i.e. receptor array size) required to decode the three-dimensional location of an object using an electric sense.
Projective robustness for quantum channels and measurements and their operational significance
Authors: Ye Mingfei , Luo Yu , Li Zhihui , Li Yongming
Published: June 2022

Recently, the projective robustness of quantum states was introduced in (Regula 2022 Phys. Rev. Lett.
128 110505). This demonstrates that the projective robustness is a useful resource monotone and can comprehensively characterize the capabilities and limitations of probabilistic protocols that manipulate quantum resources deterministically. In this paper, we will extend the projective robustness to any convex resource theory of quantum channels and measurements. First, we introduce the projective robustness of quantum channels and prove that it satisfies some good properties, especially sub-multiplicativity under any free quantum process. Moreover, we show that the projective robustness of channels quantifies the maximal advantage that a given channel outperforms all free channels in the simultaneous discrimination and exclusion of a fixed-state ensemble. Second, we define the projective robustness of quantum measurements and prove that it exactly quantifies the maximal advantage that a given measurement outperforms all free measurements in the simultaneous discrimination and exclusion of two fixed-state ensembles. Finally, within a specific channel resource setting based on measurement incompatibility, we show that the projective robustness of quantum channels coincides with the projective robustness of measurement incompatibility.