bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combination of bevacizumab (A) and pegylated-liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) (PLD-A) in sarcoma (SAR)
Authors: Haddad P. A. , Skubitz K. M.
Published: March 2020

9556

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in angiogenesis (AG) in many tumors including SAR. A has demonstrated efficacy in several common solid tumors. Because of the known efficacy of PLD in SAR and the presumed importance of VEGF in SAR, we have treated SAR patients with PLD-A. It is possible that the addition of A to PLD might alter the toxicity profile. To our knowledge, the toxicities of this combination have not been previously described. Methods: To better define the toxicity of the combination of PLD-A in SAR, we reviewed our experience with PLD-A in patients with SAR treated between 2004 and 2005. Results: We identified 12 patients with SAR treated with PLD-A at our institution. There were 5 men and 7 women, with a median age of 43.5 years (range 27–57). Nine patients initiated therapy with PLD on a 28 day interval at a median dose of 45 mg/m2 (range 45–50), and 3 on a 14 day interval at a dose of 22.5 mg/m2, in combination with A at 5 mg/kg every 2 weeks. A median of 3 cycles was given (range 2–9). Standard CALGB response and NIH common toxicity criteria were used. Dose delay was required in 3 patients for the second cycle, and dose reduction was required in 5 patients by cycle 3. Of the 10 patients starting with monthly PLD, 6 were changed to q 2 week PLD by cycle 4. Mucositis and skin toxicity were the dose limiting toxicities (DLT) in 9/12 patients, and myelosuppression was the DLT in 1/12 patients. Conclusions: This report describes the toxicity profile of PLD-A in 12 patients with SAR. The toxicities observed were similar to those seen with PLD alone, however, there was a suggestion that these toxicities may be more pronounced with the addition of A, though this appears to vary among patients. Since VEGF is important for wound healing, the known effects of A on this process may contribute to more skin and mucosal toxicity of PLD at a given dose. Future studies of PLD-A should consider the potential of increased mucosal and skin toxicity, and the use of q2week PLD to allow more control over toxicity is suggested.

[Table: see text]
HIV protease inhibitor (PI) therapy for liposarcoma
Authors: Chow W. A. , Guo S. , Valdes-Albini F.
Published: March 2020

9564

Background: Liposarcomas are the second most common soft-tissue sarcoma. Highly-active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) with HIV PIs results in “HIV-1 protease inhibitor associated lipodystrophy syndrome,” characterized by peripheral fat wasting, central fat accumulation, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia. Based upon this syndrome, we hypothesized that HIV PIs might represent a novel liposarcoma therapy. Methods: SW872, LiSa-2, and FU-DDLS-1 liposarcoma, and control 293 embryonic kidney and HT1080 fibrosarcoma cell lines were treated with HIV PIs and subjected to cellular and molecular assays. Results: Clonogenic assays with SW872 cells using HIV PIs (saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, and amprenavir) were performed. Nelfinavir demonstrated the most potent clonogenic inhibition without affecting 293 and HT1080 clonogenicity, and was studied further. Nelfinavir inhibited SW872 and LiSa-2 proliferation dose-dependently, and HT1080 proliferation at the highest concentration, without affecting FU-DDLS-1 nor 293 proliferation. Nelfinavir induced a G1 cell cycle arrest in SW872 and HT1080, but not in 293 cells. It also induced dose-dependent apoptosis in SW872, but not in 293 nor HT1080 cells. Western analyses for sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) expression, a key transcriptional regulator of fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, were performed. Nelfinavir induced expression of SREBP-1 in nelfinavir-sensitive SW872 and LiSa-2 cells, and modestly in HT1080 cells, but not in insensitive FU-DDLS-1 nor 293 cells. Additionally, nelfinavir reduced protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in sensitive SW872 and LiSa-2 cells, and induced expression of the anti-proliferative protein, p21, as well as pro-apoptotic proteins, Bax and Fas, in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, forced expression of SREBP-1 with a Tet-On inducible SW872 cell line, in the absence of nelfinavir, induced expression of p21, Bax, Fas, reduced expression of PCNA, and inhibited cell proliferation. Conclusions: These studies demonstrate that nelfinavir inhibits cellular proliferation, and induces apoptosis in sensitive-liposarcoma cells through upregulation of SREBP-1. These studies validate nelfinavir as a potential, novel targeted therapy for liposarcoma.

No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Extremity soft tissue sarcoma: The need for a differential surgical approach to primary tumor and local recurrence?
Authors: Gronchi A. , Miceli R. , Mariani L. , Fiore M. , Grosso F. , Collini P. , Olmi P. , Mussi C. , Casali P. G.
Published: March 2020

9565

Background: To explore the prognostic implications of local recurrence in extremity adult soft tissue sarcoma (eSTS). Methods: From January 1983 to December 2002, 1,017 patients with localized eSTS were treated at Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy. First local recurrence, re-operated with a curative intent, was investigated as a predictor of further recurrence, distant metastasis and cause specific mortality. Such a task was carried out considering recurrent patients earlier operated for primary disease at our institution (Group A, N=88) or elsewhere (Group B, N=150). The follow up of the above patients after recurrence was compared to that of the overall group of 738 patients operated for primary disease at our institution. Analyses were performed by multiple Cox models, in which local recurrence was entered as a time dependent factor, and tumour size, depth, histotype, grade, margins, RT and CT as covariates for the purpose of adjustment. Event-times were computed from the date of diagnosis, with “left censoring” on the time when patients entered our cohort (date of surgery). Results: The hazard ratio estimates of second recurrence, distant metastases and disease-specific mortality in groups A and B were 5.39 vs 2.95 (p<0.001), 3.96 vs 1.54 (p<0.001), and 2.93 vs 1.43 (p<0.001), respectively. The prognostic effect of the covariates on mortality turned out to be not significantly affected by disease local relapse, but a trend for surgical margins in group A could be observed (HR 1.71). Conclusions: Local recurrence correlates with a worse prognosis, in terms of further local recurrence, distant metastases, and death. Such an effect is stronger following surgery at a referral center for eSTS if compared to local recurrence following surgery done elsewhere, i.e. at institutions less likely to perform adequate local treatment for this rare group of tumors. Possibly, this means that “true” local recurrences, not simply due to inappropriateness, single out pts carrying an inherently more aggressive disease. Consistently, these data cannot confirm, but neither rule out that more aggressive surgery (ie, at the cost of a higher amputation rate, in order to avoid contaminated surgical margins) may be needed in pts locally recurring after initial adequate surgery.

No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Surgical and non-surgical treatment of pulmonary metastases of soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Sade J. P. , Chacon M. , O′Connor J. M. , Pupareli C. , Varela M. , Chacon R. D.
Published: March 2020

9582

Background: Several reports have shown a prolonged survival after surgery for lung metastases from soft tissue sarcomas (STS). This finding is in contrast with the results from chemotherapy. We performed a retrospective analysis to determine the impact of surgical and non surgical treatment in terms of time to progression (TTP) and disease specific survival (DSS). Methods: A review of 144 patients (pts) with STS treated at a single institution (december 1994-february 2005) was performed. Median age: 45 years old, female 53%. Extremity was the primary site in 54 pts and leiomyosarcoma was the most common histologic type (24%). In 42 pts pulmonary metastases were synchronous. The median disease free interval (DFI) was 11 months. Surgical treatment on the lung lesions was performed in 48 pts (group A), while 96 received medical treatment (group B). Results: Surgery was R0 in 90% of group A pts with only 4 lobectomies and 36 metastasectomies. Nine pts (19%) in this group received neo or adyuvant chemotherapy. The median TTP was 11 months (2–107) and 21 pts (44%) relapse in the lung (8 lung + other site). At the time of this analysis 13 pts (27%) are NED, with a DSS of 24 months for the surgical group. 28% remain alive at 5 years. In a univariate analysis only the number of lung metastases (1 vs 2 or more) was significant for DSS (p=0.05). Group B was treated primarily with chemotherapy being doxorubicin the most common drug used (89%). The RR was 23% with a median TTP of 3 months and a DSS of 12 months (1–98). Conclusions: The present results are similar with previous reports in terms of overall survival. Paliative chemotherapy showed modest activity and surgical treatment remains the only curative treatment modality for pts with lung metastases from STS.

No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Gerard W. Ostheimer Lecture: What’s New in Obstetric Anesthesia 2018
Authors: Weiniger Carolyn F.
Published: March 2020

This article summarizes the Gerard W. Ostheimer Lecture given at the 2019 Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology annual meeting. The article summarizes key articles published in 2018 that were presented in the 2019 Ostheimer Lecture, with a focus on maternal mortality, maternal complications, analgesic and anesthetic management of vaginal and cesarean deliveries, postpartum care, and the impact of anesthesia on maternal outcomes. The reviewed literature highlights many opportunities for anesthesiologists to impact maternal care and outcomes. The major themes presented in this manuscript are maternal mortality including amniotic fluid and cardiac arrest; postpartum hemorrhage; venous thromboembolism; management of spinal-induced hypotension; postpartum care including opioid use, postcesarean analgesia, and postpartum depression. A proposed list of action items and research topics based on the literature from 2018 is also presented. Specifically, anesthesiologists should use prophylactic vasopressor infusions during elective cesarean delivery; use a structured algorithm to diagnose pulmonary embolus, and reevaluate the use of D-dimer measurements; target postpartum opioid analgesia and prescribing; use multimodal postcesarean delivery analgesia, preferably with neuraxial hydrophilic opioids; and study any association between labor analgesia on postpartum depression.
A Retrospective Study of Neurological Complications in Pediatric Patients With Moyamoya Disease Undergoing General Anesthesia
Authors: Lang Shih-Shan , Vollmer Emma , Wu Lezhou , Bathini Abhijith , Kanuga Bhavya , Ma Annie , Barrett Karyn , Galvez Jorge A. , Storm Phillip B. , Huh Jimmy , Simpao Allan F
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:

Moyamoya disease is a condition with potentially devastating and permanent neurological sequelae. Adequate volume status and blood pressure, tight control of carbon dioxide to achieve normocarbia, and providing postoperative analgesia to prevent hyperventilation are typical goals that are used during anesthetic care in these patients. The purpose of this study was to assess postanesthesia neurological complications in moyamoya patients undergoing general anesthesia for imaging studies and surgical procedures excluding neurosurgical revascularization.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective cohort study examining moyamoya patients who received general anesthesia for imaging studies and nonneurosurgical-revascularization procedures between January 1, 2001 and December 1, 2016 at our quaternary care pediatric hospital. A general anesthetic encounter was excluded if it occurred within 30 days after a revascularization surgery. The electronic medical records of study patients were analyzed for perioperative management, and neurological outcomes within 30 days of an anesthetic were assessed.

RESULTS:

A total of 58 patients undergoing 351 anesthesia exposures were included in the study. Three patients experienced neurological complications, which included focal neurological weakness, seizure, and altered mental status. The incidence of complications during anesthesia encounters was 0.85% (3/351) with a 95% confidence interval of 0.28–2.62.

CONCLUSIONS:

Over a 16-year period at our hospital, 3 children with moyamoya disease who underwent anesthesia for nonneurosurgical-revascularization purposes demonstrated postanesthesia neurological symptoms. The symptoms were consistent with transient ischemic attacks and all resolved without long-term sequelae.
A ÁGUA E O SEU VALOR ECONÔMICO: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE OS CONFLITOS E AS DIFERENTES FORMAS DE ACESSO À ÁGUA
Authors: Agostinho Luane Lemos Felício , Santos Diogo De Almeida Viana dos , Façanha Josanne Cristina Ribeiro Ferreira
Published: March 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é examinar a evolução do direito de acesso à água, desde a perspectiva internacional global, passando pela regulação comparada na América do Sul, até o surgimento e a implementação do arcabouço regulatório brasileiro. Para atingir tal objetivo, analisou-se a formação do direito internacional de acesso à água, ressaltando o seu aspecto predominantemente econômico, bem como as políticas de privatização e monetarização da água enquanto bem de consumo, dotado de valor financeiro, apesar de já despontar no cenário internacional o reconhecimento do acesso à água como um direito humano. Visitaram-se os casos de Bolívia e Brasil, lugares onde o valor econômico da água redundou em privação do direito humano de acesso à água e de seus consectários, como dignidade humana e vida. Conclui-se que há dois macro-movimentos globais paralelos: o hegemônico, que defende o valor econômico da água e que tende à privatização do recurso, dificultando seu acesso aos mais vulneráveis e possibilitando futuros conflitos pelo direito à água; e o movimento que defende o acesso à água como um direito humano, ou mesmo como sujeito de direito e destinatário da norma, que tem embasado uma postura contra-hegemônica à comoditização dos “recursos” naturais. O presente artigo caracteriza-se como descritivo, exploratório e de natureza bibliográfica.
Recent advances in understanding and managing resistant/refractory hypertension
Authors: Doumas Michael , Imprialos Konstantinos P , Kallistratos Manolis S , Manolis Athanasios J
Published: March 2020

The management of resistant hypertension presents several challenges in everyday clinical practice. During the past few years, several studies have been performed to identify efficient and safe pharmacological and non-pharmacological options for the management of such patients. The Spironolactone versus placebo, bisoprolol, and doxazosin to determine the optimal treatment for drug-resistant hypertension (PATHWAY-2) trial demonstrated significant benefits with the use of spinorolactone as a fourth-line drug for the treatment of resistant hypertension over doxazosin and bisoprolol. In addition, recent data support that spironolactone may demonstrate superiority over central acting drugs in such patients, as well. Based on the European guidelines, spironolactone is recommended as the fourth-line drug option, followed by amiloride, other diuretics, doxazosin, bisoprolol or clonidine.  Among several device-based approaches, renal sympathetic denervation had fallen into hibernation after the disappointing results of the Renal Denervation in Patients With Uncontrolled Hypertension (SYMPLICITY HTN) 3 trial. However, the technique re-emerged at the epicenter of the clinical and research interest after the favorable results of three sham-controlled studies, which facilitated novel catheters and techniques to perform the denervation. Significant results of iliac anastomosis on blood pressure levels have also been demonstrated. Nevertheless, the technique-related adverse events resulted in withdrawal of this interventional approach. Last, the sympatholytic properties of the carotid baroreceptor activation therapy were associated with significant blood pressure reductions in patients with resistant hypertension, which need to be verified in larger controlled trials. Currently device-based approaches are recommended only in the setting of clinical trials until more safety and efficacy data become available.
The role of salivary contents and modern technologies in the remineralization of dental enamel: a review
Authors: Farooq Imran , Bugshan Amr
Published: March 2020

Human enamel once formed cannot be biologically repaired or replaced. Saliva has a significant role in remineralization of dental enamel. It not only has a buffering capacity to neutralize the oral cavity’s low pH generated after acidic encounters, but also acts as a carrier of essential ions, such as fluoride, calcium and phosphate, which have a positive role in enamel’s remineralization. This review discusses how salivary contents, like proteins and enzymes, have a natural role in enamel’s mineralization. In addition, the presence of ions, such as fluoride, calcium and phosphate, in saliva further enhances its capability to remineralize the demineralized enamel surface. The review further examines modern innovative technologies, based on biomimetic regeneration systems, including dentin phosphoproteins, aspartate-serine-serine, recombinant porcine amelogenin, leucine-rich amelogenin peptide and nano-hydroxyapatite, that promote enamel remineralization. Fluoride boosters like calcium phosphates, polyphosphates, and certain natural products can also play an important role in enamel remineralization.
Causality assessment of adverse events following immunization: the problem of multifactorial pathology
Authors: Bellavite Paolo
Published: March 2020

The analysis of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) is important in a balanced epidemiological evaluation of vaccines and in the issues related to national vaccine injury compensation programs. If manufacturing defects or vaccine storage and delivering errors are excluded, the majority of adverse reactions to vaccines occur as excessive or biased inflammatory and immune responses. These unwanted phenomena, occasionally severe, are associated with many different endogenous and exogenous factors, which often interact in complex ways. The confirmation or denial of the causal link between an AEFI and vaccination is determined pursuant to WHO guidelines, which propose a four-step analysis and algorithmic diagramming. The evaluation process from the onset considers all possible “other causes” that can explain the AEFI and thus exclude the role of the vaccine. Subsequently, even if there was biological plausibility and temporal compatibility for a causal association between the vaccine and the AEFI, the guidelines ask to look for any possible evidence that the vaccine could not have caused that event. Such an algorithmic method presents some concerns that are discussed here, in the light of the multifactorial nature of the inflammatory and immune pathologies induced by vaccines, including emerging knowledge of genetic susceptibility to adverse effects. It is proposed that the causality assessment could exclude a consistent association of the adverse event with the vaccine only when the presumed "other cause" is independent of an interaction with the vaccine. Furthermore, the scientific literature should be viewed not as an exclusion criterion but as a comprehensive analysis of all the evidence for or against the role of the vaccine in causing an adverse reaction. These issues are discussed in relation to the laws that, in some countries, regulate the mandatory vaccinations and the compensation for those who have suffered serious adverse effects.
Between History and Universality: Understanding Identity in the Public Sphere
Authors: Alungal Chungath Nisar
Published: March 2020

Identity is not a fixed and frozen prison-house for the self, but a liquid continuum, affected and shaped by the ‘outside’ or the world. The self, which is situated and which undergoes revisions and transformations, keeps identity as a frame within which it makes sense of things. On the one hand, there is a ‘history’ within which an identity is rooted and through which meaning-making is made possible, and on the other hand, every person aspires to be a ‘universal’ and recognition-worthy human being. Both inherent identity and inherent universality of the self should be considered in their interactions in the public sphere, which has been traditionally viewed as a space of discrete individualities. The ontological force of this argument aside, the paper demonstrates that reduction of an identity without crediting its aspiration for universality and consideration of universality without crediting the historical underpinnings of identity are both acts of violation.
Capturing Changes in Social Media Content: A Multiple Latent Changepoint Topic Model
Authors: Zhong Ning , Schweidel David A.
Published: March 2020

We develop a topic model with multiple latent changepoints and demonstrate an approach to detect changes in the topics mentioned in brand-related social media posts.
Design of small mode-dependent-loss scrambling-type mode (de)multiplexer based on PLC
Authors: Shirata Motoki , Fujisawa Takeshi , Sakamoto Taiji , Matsui Takashi , Nakajima Kazuhide , Saitoh Kunimasa
Published: March 2020

A general design rule of scrambling-type mode (de)multiplexers (mode scramblers) based on silica planar lightwave circuit (PLC) with small mode-dependent-loss (MDL) is presented for a mode-division multiplexing (MDM) system. First, we consider four- and eight-mode scramblers and demonstrate that if the number of modes is 2N, it is possible to construct small-MDL mode scramblers by using Y-branch waveguides and mode rotators. Next, a 6-mode scrambler, which can be used for four linearly polarized (LP) mode transmission in MDM system, is considered, and the MDL is large if Y-branch waveguides are cascaded simply, originating from the radiation loss of unwanted modes at the Y-branch. We propose a 2 + 4-type mode scrambler by combining 2- and 4-mode scramblers and demonstrate that it is possible to design a small MDL 6-mode scrambler.
Expression of primary cilia-related genes in developing mouse gonads
Authors: Piprek Rafal P. , Podkowa Dagmara , Kloc Malgorzata , Kubiak Jacek Z.
Published: March 2020

Mechanisms governing differentiation of the bipotential gonad into the testes or ovaries are complex and still vague. The primary cilium is an organelle involved in cell signaling, which controls the development of many organs, but the role of primary cilium in the sex determination and sexual differentiation of gonads is com-pletely unknown. Here we studied the expression of genes involved in primary cilium formation and function-ing in fetal mouse gonads, before, during and after sexual differentiation. We studied the expression of 175 primary cilia-related genes using microarray technique. 144 of these genes were ubiquitously expressed in all studied cell types with no significant differences in expression level. Such a high level of expression of primary cilia-related genes in developing mouse gonads suggests that the primary cilia and/or primary cilia-related genes are important for the development of both somatic and germline component of the gonads. Only 31 genes showed a difference in expression between different cell types, which suggests that they have different functions in the somatic and germ cells. These results justify further studies on the role of primary cilia and the primary cilia-related genes in gonad development.
Hematological and serum biochemical profile in cattle experimentally infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus
Authors: Saravanan S. , Umapathi V. , Priyanka M. , Hosamani M. , Sreenivasa B. P. , Patel B. H. M. , Narayanan K. , Sanyal Aniket , Basagoudanavar S. H.
Published: March 2020

Background and Aim: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute viral infection affecting cloven-hoofed animals causing vesicular erosions in the oral cavity and interdigital space. The present study was undertaken to ascertain the time-dependent changes in clinical, hematological, and biochemical profiles in different breeds of cattle following experimental infection.

Materials and Methods: The animals were inoculated with 1.0×104 50% bovine tongue infectious dose (BTID50) by intradermolingual route. Clinical signs were observed, and blood/serum samples were collected at different time intervals.

Results: The white blood cell count declined sharply on days 7-13 and recovered on day 14 post-FMD infection. Biochemical analysis of serum markers for vital organ profile revealed no marked damage. However, a significant increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) value indicated pre-renal azotemia. Transient hyperthyroidism was indicated by the rise in T3 and T4 that can be correlated with a decrease in triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. In the cardiac damage assessment study, a distinct breed difference was observed wherein Malnad Gidda calves showed no cardiac damage.

Conclusion: Except thyroid profile, BUN, and creatine kinase-myocardial band, all other serum biochemical parameters showed no significant abnormalities, whereas lymphopenia is the only hematological change and it is suggested that effective ameliorative measures should be targeted mainly on the feed/water intake, thyroid gland, and the level of lymphocytes.
Suplementación en gestantes con ácido docosahexaenoico y su efecto en los procesos cognitivos infantiles: revisión sistemática
Authors: Enríquez-Canto Yordanis , Díaz-Gervasi Giovani , Crisóstomo-Robles Daniel
Published: March 2020

Introducción: El ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) se deposita en regiones cerebrales e interviene en la funcionalidad neuronal. Debido a esta importante participación se considera medular en el desarrollo del sistema nervioso central. El objetivo fue analizar los resultados de estudios sobre la influencia de la suplementación con ácido docosahexaenoico en gestantes sobre los procesos cognitivos de sus hijos.Material y Métodos: Revisión sistemática de ensayos controlados aleatorizados con suplementación con DHA en embarazadas considerando los lineamientos del grupo Cochrane. Se buscaron artículos en MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus y la Biblioteca Cochrane desde enero del 2003 a mayo 2018. Se eligieron estudios que compararon los efectos de la suplementación en embarazadas con los del placebo respecto a evaluaciones de los procesos cognitivos. Se evaluó el riesgo de sesgo de los mismos con la herramienta de colaboración Cochrane.Resultados: Se hallaron 147 artículos científicos eligiéndose 10 que tuvieron como características metodológicas el ser de doble ciego aleatorizados. Los estudios involucraron 4506 gestantes entre las 15 y 21 semanas y 2045 niños. La suplementación se dió entre la semana quince y los tres meses después del parto. Los niños fueron evaluados desde el año y medio hasta los cuatro años. Se utilizaron seis instrumentos y dos baterías de ejecución para medir 19 procesos cognitivos. Solamente dos de los estudios reportaron diferencias significativas entre los sujetos del grupo control y experimental. Debido a la heterogeneidad entre los estudios en relación a los tamaños muestrales, las dosis y a la forma de medir la variable de interés no fue posible realizar metaanálisis. Conclusiones: Resulta insuficiente la evidencia científica para afirmar o negar un efecto positivo de la suplementación temprana con DHA en los procesos cognitivos infantiles. La recomendación del uso de suplementos con DHA durante el período gestacional para favorecerlos no se encuentra justificada.
Effects of Warming Up With Lower-Body Wearable Resistance on Physical Performance Measures in Soccer Players Over an 8-Week Training Cycle
Authors: Bustos Aníbal , Metral Gustavo , Cronin John , Uthoff Aaron , Dolcetti Joseph
Published: March 2020

Bustos, A, Metral, G, Cronin, J, Uthoff, A, and Dolcetti, J. Effects of warming up with lower-body wearable resistance on physical performance measures in soccer players over an 8-week training cycle. J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1220–1226, 2020—Warm-ups provide an opportune time to integrate specific movements to improve performance. This study aimed to examine the effects of adding wearable resistance (WR) lower-limb loading to a warm-up on physical performance measures in soccer athletes. Thirty-one national-level soccer players (aged 16–18 years) were matched for speed and allocated to either a WR training (WRT = 15) or an unloaded (CON = 16) group. Both groups performed the same warm-up 2–3x·wk−1 for 8 weeks with the WRT group wearing 200- to 600-g loads on their calves. Pre-training, mid-training, and post-training data were collected for 10- and 20-m sprint times, repeated sprint ability, and vertical countermovement jump (CMJ) and horizontal countermovement jump (standing long jump [SLJ]) performance. Wearable resistance training improved pre-training to post-training 10- and 20-m sprint times more than the unloaded training (effect size [ES] = −1.06 to −0.96, respectively; 60.0–66.7 vs. 18.8–37.5% > smallest worthwhile change [SWC]). Both groups decreased CMJ over the first 4 weeks (ES ≥ 0.45) and increased CMJ performance over the second 4 weeks of training (ES ≥ 0.27). Both the WRT and CON groups improved SLJ performance after the 8-week training block (ES = 0.85 and 0.93, respectively; 86.7 and 62.5% > SWC, respectively), yet no differences were identified between groups. These findings indicate that 8 weeks (23 sessions) of WR training appears to elicit practically meaningful improvements in accelerated sprinting and horizontal jumping performance. Strength and conditioning practitioners should consider including WR in sports where sprinting and horizontal force production are critical performance indicators.
Magnitude or Direction? Seasonal Variation of Interlimb Asymmetry in Elite Academy Soccer Players
Authors: Bishop Chris , Read Paul , Chavda Shyam , Jarvis Paul , Brazier Jon , Bromley Tom , Turner Anthony
Published: March 2020

Bishop, C, Read, P, Chavda, S, Jarvis, P, Brazier, J, Bromley, T, and Turner, A. Magnitude or direction? Seasonal variation of interlimb asymmetry in elite academy soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 1031–1037, 2022—Previous research has highlighted a distinct lack of longitudinal data for asymmetry. The aims of this study were to provide seasonal variation data for the magnitude and direction of asymmetry. Eighteen elite male academy soccer players (under-23) performed unilateral countermovement jumps (CMJs) and unilateral drop jumps (DJs) during pre-season, mid-season, and end of season time points. Recorded metrics for asymmetry included jump height and concentric impulse for the CMJ, and jump height and reactive strength index for the DJ. The magnitude of asymmetry showed trivial to small changes throughout the season (CMJ effect size [ES] range = −0.43 to 0.05; DJ ES range = −0.18 to 0.41). However, Kappa coefficients showed poor to substantial levels of agreement for the direction of asymmetry during the CMJ (Kappa = −0.06 to 0.77) and DJ (Kappa = −0.10 to 0.78) throughout the season. These data show that when monitoring asymmetry, the magnitude alone may provide a false impression of consistent scores over time. By contrast, monitoring the direction of asymmetry highlights its task and variable nature and is suggested as a useful tool for practitioners who wish to monitor asymmetry over the course of a competitive soccer season.
Looking Backward and Moving Forward
Authors: Chanenson Steven L.
Published: March 2020

We are at a notable moment to contemplate federal sentencing. Fifteen years ago, the Supreme Court issued its landmark decision in United States v. Booker. Just over 25 years ago, Congress passed and the President signed the 1994 Crime Bill. By looking backward and learning from history, we may be able to move forward more productively. One remarkable aspect of Booker is that it still controls federal sentencing a decade and a half later. Congress has chosen to largely leave the system as the Court refashioned it. The world is different today than it was in 2005. Yet the Booker framework – established by two essentially dueling 5-4 majorities of the Supreme Court – endures. In some ways, the most remarkable aspect of Booker at 15 is how unremarkable it appears to contemporary eyes. It is the dog that doesn’t bark – at least not much. In order to truly benefit from the lessons of our criminal justice history, we must go beyond guidelines. Just over 25 years ago, Congress spoke forcefully in the 1994 Crime Bill. It was addressing the concerns of that era with tactics that garnered wide support at the time but are not always viewed favorably today. By stopping to explore the context and consequences of two of the most significant judicial and legislative criminal justice events of the last quarter-century, lessons may emerge. That is a good thing. If we are to make mistakes again (and we will), they should be new ones. Only by understanding the past can we effectively illuminate the path forward.
Hermeneutika Hadis: Tinjauan Pemikiran Yusuf Al-Qordhowi dalam Memahami Hadis
Authors: Fahimah Siti
Published: March 2020

Hadis sebagaimana al-Quran adalah teks yang dihasilkan dari masa lalu dan diperuntukkan       untuk   sepanjang masa, masa lalu dan juga masa kini. Dalam memahami produk masa lalu banyak metode agar pemahamannya bisa diperuntukkan demi kemaslahatan umat. Hermeneutika hadir sebagai metode baru untuk memahami teks produk masa lalu agar bisa diaplikasikan pada masa kini, didalam heremenutika     dikenal yang nama nya tringual, yaitu bagaimana teks, konteks dan pengarang bisa bersatu untuk menghasilkan sebuah pemahaman yang ‘mirip’ dengan yang dimaksudkan oleh sang pembuat teks yaitu Allah(alquran) atau Nabi Muhammad (Hadis). Dalam memahami teks alquran sudah ditawarkan pemahaman dengan menggunakan metode heremeneutika dengan langkah-langkah yang       jelas, begitu juga dengan Hadis, banyak cara dalam memahami hadis, diantaranya yang dikemukakan oleh    Yusuf    Qordhowi, beliau lebih menekankan pemahamana hadis pada maqashid as-syariah dan memperhatikan asbab wurud hadis serta berusaha menemukan        signifikansi kontekstualnya. Dalam upaya    memahami hadis, pola fikir al-Qordhowi telah terkonstruksi sedemikian rupa, sehingga beliau dalam memahami hadis selalu memperhatikan sisi internal dari hadis dengan tidak melupakan menggunakan pendekatan eksternal. Disinilah titik temu antara tujuan pemahaman hermeneutika dengan pehamahan hadis ala Yusuf Qordhowi.
Telaah Penafsiran Ayat-Ayat Kekerasan: Upaya Mewujudkan Perdamaian dalam Bingkai Keindonesiaan
Authors: Lufaefi Lufaefi
Published: March 2020

Issues of violence and radicalism in Indonesia increasingly prevalent. Various acts of anarchism and terrorism seem to be mushrooming in this country that has a lot of diversity. Actions that harm the public and even the religion is not rare background against the understanding of the holy verses of the Koran. The Qur’an is understood as a revelation that legalizes these actions. Then, is it true that the revelation of the Qur’an permits acts of violence that would harm many people? this article attempts to interpret the verses of the Koran that are justified as supporting verses of the above mentioned actions. Through the historical review of the verse (asbab an-nuzul), in fact none of the Qur’anic verses permit violence, terrorism and radicalism. As a revelation coming from the Lord of the universe, indeed the verses of the Koran precisely require creating peace for the whole of nature, not least the nature of Indonesia.
Riwayat Imam Al-Shāfi’iy Dalam Pandangan Imam Al-Bukhāry
Authors: Wahid Abdul Hakim
Published: March 2020

Imam al-Bukhāri berpendapat bahwa jalur periwayatan hadis yang paling terpercaya adalah yang menggunakan jalur Malik bin Anas dari Nafi’ dari Ibn Umar, dan Imam al-Shāfi’iy adalah murid imam Malik yang paling Masyhur. Akan tetapi muncul sebuah pertanyaan mengapa al-Bukhāry tidak meriwayatkan hadis dengan jalur al-Shāfi’iy, sehingga memunculkan persangkaan bahwa ia adalah seorang yang lemah dalam periwayatan hadis, meskipun semua itu tidak menurunkan martabat al-Shafi’iy sebagai ahli ḥadīth dan tidak pula menjadikan riwayatnya dihukumi ḍā’īf di kalangan pengikut madzhabnya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa penyebab imam al-Bukhāry tidak meriwayatkan ḥadīth-ḥadīth melalui jalur imam al-Shafi’iy dari Imam Malik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, ternyata al-Bukhāry juga meriwayatkan beberapa ḥadīth yang juga diriwayatkan oleh al-Shafi’iy dengan matan dan jalur yang sama. Karena itu orang yang menganggap bahwa al-Shāfi’iy itu ḍa’īf, maka anggapan itu adalah salah besar sebagaimana jika ada yang mengatakan bahwa perawi thiqah (yang terpercaya) hanyalah mereka yang terdapat dalam kutub sittah saja.
Kontekstualitas Vs Universalitas Hadis: Problem Metodologi
Authors: Pari Fariz
Published: March 2020

Perbedaan dan variasi interpretasi terhadap teks merupakan problem metodologi, khususnya tentang bagaimana memahami dan menafsirkan teks. Tulisan ini fokus pada analisis metodologi memahami-menafsirkan dalam interpretasi terhadap teks, khususnya teks hadis Nabi Muhammad saw., yang telah berumur 1400 tahun lalu dan dari geografis serta budaya yang berbeda juga.
Abū Bakr Ibn al-‘Arabī: The Defender of Ash‘arism
Authors: Muthalib Abdul
Published: March 2020

This paper deals with Abū Bakr Ibn al-‘Arabī’s Ash‘arite theological perspective. He chose to adopt Ash‘arism because he believes that God chose certain figures to safeguard religion and the most important one among them is Abu al-Hasan al-Ash‘arī from whom correct theology spread from one generation of disciples to another. His education at Nidhamiyya College and Abu Hamid al-Ghazali’s tutorship might also be responsible for his preference for Ash‘arism. However, even though he was al-Ghazali’s student, he was not attracted by Sufism, instead keeping his focus on theology. He objected to Sufism for two defects he perceived it to possess. First is Sufis’ references to fake Hadiths and second the Sufi practice of self-mortification. As a devoted Ash‘arite, he consistently opposes the anthropomorphic interpretation of God’s nature espoused by the Hanbalites and the Dhahirite.
K.H. Ahmad Sanusi (1888-1950): Biografi Ulama Hadis Keturunan Nabi saw Asal Sukabumi
Authors: Istikhori H.
Published: March 2020

Hadith scholars are individuals who play an important role in the spread of the Prophetic traditions. in the midst of his people, as an authoritative source after the Qur'an for the complete Islamic legal construct, which was previously discovered and compiled by the Imam of Hadith (mukharrijūn) in their canonical books, like Imam Muḥammad ibn Ismā’īl al-Bukhārī (d. 256 H) in “Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī” and Muslim Imam ibn al-Ḥajjāj al-Naysābūrī (d. 261 H) in “Muslim Ṣaḥīḥ”, through long tracing from one country to another in order to obtain directly one history from the source. The position of the Hadith scholars in this regard, who are at the spearhead of the spread of the Hadiths after their collection by the Imam of the Hadith, as well as their existence and consistency in guarding the Hadith from various forms of deviation of understanding of the people, become an integral part of an integral circle named Hadith, as a saying of the Prophet, the Rabbis and the Imams.
Mental Health Outcomes Among Homeless, Runaway, and Stably Housed Youth
Authors: Gewirtz O’Brien Janna R. , Edinburgh Laurel D. , Barnes Andrew J. , McRee Annie-Laurie
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Runaway youth and homeless youth are at risk for adverse mental health outcomes. These 2 populations are frequently pooled together in both research and interventions yet may have unique health needs. We sought to assess differences in mental health outcomes among these populations.

METHODS:

We conducted a secondary data analysis of ninth- and 11th-graders in the 2016 minnesota Student Survey (n = 68 785). We categorized youth into 4 subgroups based on housing status in the previous year: (1) unaccompanied homeless youth (0.5%), (2) runaway youth (4%), (3) youth who had both run away and been homeless (0.6%), and (4) stably housed youth (95%). We performed multivariable logistic regression to compare 4 mental health outcomes (self-injury, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and depressive symptoms) across groups, controlling for demographics and abuse history.

RESULTS:

Unstably housed youth had poorer mental health outcomes when compared with their stably housed peers (P < .05). For example, 11% of homeless youth, 20% of runaways, and 33% of youth who had experienced both had attempted suicide in the previous year compared with 2% of stably housed youth (adjusted odds ratios 2.4, 4.9, and 7.1, respectively). Other outcomes showed a similar pattern.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings suggest that runaway and homeless youth represent unique populations with high levels of mental health needs who would benefit from targeted clinical and community interventions. Pediatric clinicians represent one potential point of screening and intervention.
A negociação coletiva e as possibilidades de intervenção nas situações de risco à saúde no trabalho
Authors: Cardoso Ana Claudia Moreira , Lima Claudia Rejane de
Published: March 2020

Resumo Introdução: neste ensaio, a negociação coletiva é vista como um processo político no qual os diferentes e desiguais atores sociais definem parâmetros para as relações de trabalho. Objetivo: discutir possibilidades e limites da negociação coletiva para modificar as situações de riscos à saúde dos trabalhadores, considerando aspectos sociais, políticos e econômicos. Métodos: analisamos a negociação coletiva no Brasil sobre a temática da saúde do trabalhador, incluindo temas como inovação tecnológica, intensidade, assédio moral organizacional e teletrabalho. Foram estudados acordos e convenções coletivas negociados entre os anos de 2010 e 2014, registrados no Sistema de Acompanhamento de Contratações Coletivas do Departamento Intersindical de Estatística e Estudos Socioeconômicos (Sacc-Dieese). Entre 2010 e 2012, tomamos por base estudos já realizados, a partir dessa mesma fonte, e para anos de 2013 e 2014, analisamos a partir de acesso direto a esse sistema. Resultados: embora tenham sido identificadas cláusulas inovadoras, grande parte das outras reproduz parâmetros previstos na legislação, com alcance limitado para modificar as condições adoecedoras. Conclusão: a aprovação da Lei nº 13.467/2017, aa chamada “reforma trabalhista”, sob a premissa de uma relação entre “iguais”, poderá resultar na desconstrução da proteção social do trabalho e na subestimação dos riscos e do sofrimento humano.
Current State of Ulaanbaatar Dendroflora
Authors: Belykh Olga , Enhktuya Luvsanbaldan , Palkin Oleg
Published: March 2020

The article shows the data on the species peculiarities of contemporary dendroflora of the Mongolian capital, Ulaanbaatar. The overall 48 species belonging to 14 families: Rosaceae Juss. (13), Pinaceae Lindl. (5), Elaeagnaceae Juss. (5), Caprifoliaceae Juss. (5), Salicaceae Mirb. (4), Saxifragaceae DC. (4), Cupressaceae Bartl. (3), Leguminosae Juss. (3), Aceraceae Lindl. (1), Betulaceae S.F.Gray (1), Ulmaceae Mirb. (1), Berberidaceae Juss. (1), Oleaceae Lindl. (1), Cornaceae Link. (1) are described. Environmental factors influencing life state of trees are considered. Environmental peculiarities of introducents are characterized. Conclusions about the necessity of improving approaches to plant stand analysis of derelict lands are drawn. It is suggested to develop a data base in the context of studies of adventive and synathropic flora of Russia and neighbouring countries at the site of the Resource Centre of Russian-Mongolian Cooperation in the field of education, science, youth policy and ecology at Baikal State University.
Filtration Capacities of Lubomirskia baicalensis Biocenosis in Conditions of a Model Experiment
Authors: Belykh Olga , Glyzin Leonid , Konstantinova Еlena , Glyzina Olga
Published: March 2020

The paper is dedicated to the fundamental research problem of biochemical ecology, i.e. to the identification of interaction mechanisms of anthropogenic pollution and organisms. The data on Baikal lake hydrobionts filtration capacities are essential in order to determine their ecological value when using them in aquaculture. The paper presents the data on studies of Baikal lake endemic species Lubomirskia baicalensis in model experiments with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which inhibit biodegradation, are carcinogenic, slow-soluble and tend to accumulate on the bottom of lake Baikal. The article discusses the results of the model experiments on the influence of priority toxicants (naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene) on the endemic species Lubomirskia baicalensis, carried out in 2015–2016. A comparative analysis with the data of the 2006 experiment is given. The change of the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in healthy and sick sponges is shown. The authors draw a conclusion that the highest rate of decrease in content is observed during the first hours of 6–12 hour exposure and within 24–36 hours of exposure, approximately 5–10 % of the stock concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons remains in the water.
Current Trends and Prospects of Direct Foreign Investment Export from China
Authors: Sizykh Elena
Published: March 2020

Along with consolidation of its international commercial power status superpower, China has made significant progress in the capital export sphere. Direct foreign direct investments is a main tool of the country’s deep integration into the system of international division of labor, its involvement into the global value chain. The article analyzes the quantitative and qualitative changes in current trends of direct foreign investment export from China, reveals the change in geographical and industrial priorities of Chinese investors, identifies legislative and other institutional transformations changes in this area. The author identifies the systematic and situational reasons for the relevant changes, substantiates them both from the viewpoint of the complex of the Chinese government’s strategic measures in reforming the national economic system and from the position of the changing conditions of China's investment cooperation with foreign countries. A conclusion is made about preservation of the current trends vector in the near-term and medium-term prospect.
Formation of a New Paradigm of Public Service in the Post-Soviet Eurasian Economic Union Countries (Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan)
Authors: Bakhtairova Elena
Published: March 2020

The article presents a comparative analysis of the public service organization systems of the partner countries of Russia in the Eurasian Economic Union: Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. On the one hand, these countries are united by the common Soviet past, and, on the other hand, they are working on the formation of a common economic space, which is indirectly influenced by all the state institutions of these countries, including the Institute of public service. The modern paradigm of public service consists in focusing on the active, technological component as opposed to the traditional political approach. The article describes the conditions for moving away from the current political approach and, on the basis of a comparative analysis of legislation and practice of the organization of public service, concludes how close the countries are to the new paradigm.