bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organic foliar fertilizer to improve yield of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) grown off-season
Authors: Jaya I Komang Damar , Sudika I Wayan , Windarningsih Mery , Isnaini Mulat
Published: September 2021

Information on the most suitable and high-yielding cayenne pepper variety for an off-season growing in dryland is important. This research aimed to examine the effect of foliar fertilizer on growth and yield of off-season cayenne pepper in dry land. The experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 2020/2021 in a dryland with a sandy loam soil texture in the area of Gumantar, North Lombok, Indonesia. Four cayenne pepper varieties, namely Dewata 43 F1, Pelita F1, Taruna, and Sret, were treated with three concentration levels (0%, 0,5%, and 1,0%) of organic foliar fertilizer. The treatments were arranged in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that application of foliar fertilizer increased number of flowers and yield, and reduced flower abortion. Pelita F1 yielded the highest, 11.5% higher than Dewata 43 F1 and three-fold higher than that of the non-hybrid varieties when treated with 1.0% of fertilizer. Dewata F1 was harvested at 70 days after transplanting (dat), followed by 76, 105 and 105 dat for Pelita F1, Sret and Taruna, respectively. To maximize the use of the rainfall and prolong the harvest time, Pelita F1 and Taruna varieties are highly recommended for dryland areas.
Effectiveness of land cultivation to control pests and diseases and increasing yield of shallots
Authors: Resiani Ni Made Delly , Sunanjaya I Wayan , Yasa I Made Rai
Published: September 2021

Pests and diseases are one of the obstacles in increasing production and productivity of shallots. The study was conducted in Subak Rejasa Klod, Rejasa Village, Penebel District, Tabanan Regency - Bali Province. Research was conducted in June-November 2019, using a split plot randomized block design. The main plot is shallot varieties (V) and the subplot of the technical culture innovation (P). The main plot (V) consists of 2 treatment shallots namely Bali Karet (V1) and Lokal Tabanan (V2) and the plot consisting of 3 treatment of technical culture namely existing (P1); improvement (P2); and introduction (P3). Data on growth components and crop yields are analyzed using diversity analysis and continued with the DMRT test. Analysis of farming businesses was analyzed using B/C ratio and MBCR analysis. The results showed that Spodopthera exigua and Altenaria porri at V1 are lower than V2. The highest dry weight per hectare was obtained in the Bali Karet (V1) of 20,89 tons/ha. Introduction technology (P3) is the best innovation of dry weight-weight producing per hectare on irrigation land.. The value of B/C ratio and MBCR is 1.73 and 3.06 for introduction technology. It was concluded that introduction technology was effective as innovation of pest controllers and main diseases and were able to improve the yield of the Bali Karet variety on irrigation land.
The utilization of coffee waste in supporting family food security
Authors: Sunanjaya I Wayan , Resiani Ni Made Delly , Yasa I Made Rai
Published: September 2021

Coffee is one of the leading commodities traded in the world and is a mainstay commodity for farmers in mountainous areas. The research objective is to increase the added value of the part of the coffee plant to increase income and food security for farmer families. The research was conducted in the Pupuan-Tabanan Bali robusta coffee agroforestry area, Januari 2017 to December 2020. Methods of data collection using the method of observation and discussion with the main actors who produce coffee in addition to seed study activities with the use of pruned water shoots from clone maintenance BP 308. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that the added value besides dry beans was obtained from water shoots, remaining productive pruning, unproductive old coffee, branches and twigs, and shade pruning. The yields of economic value are in the form of super cuttings, activated charcoal, exotic pots, and quality organic fertilizers from coffee skins, each of IDR 7,500,000; 120,000; 792,000; and 150,000.
Yield of promising lines of peanut and resistance to Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin, and foliar disease
Authors: Purnomo Joko , Rahmianna Agustina Asri , Nugrahaeni Novita
Published: September 2021

Peanut is a suitable media for Aspergillus flavus growth that produced secondary metabolite called aflatoxin. One strategy to obtain low A. flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination is growing resistant cultivar. The objective of research was to identify pod yields of genotypes and its resistance to A. flavus and foliar disease, and low aflatoxin contamination. The multi environmental trials were conducted at eight sites. The treatments were 10 promising lines, Kancil and Garuda Biga (check cultivars), and these were arranged in a RBD three replicates in each site. The genotypes were grown under optimal condition. The results indicated the average pod yield of nine lines were significantly 11.2-21.6% and 23.4-34.8% higher than those of Kancil and Garuda Biga, respectively. Despite highest pod productivity, G/GH502-00B-600-42-226-19 (3.09 tons) and Mj/G-00b-884-95-41 (3.06 tons) had higher score of foliar diseases than those of the check cultivars. Meanwhile MH/IC91278-99C-180-13-74 and LM/IC 87123-93-B-32 with 2.91 tons and 2.84 tons ha-1 had very low aflatoxin contamination (<0.5 ppb) and lower foliar diseases infection than those of check cultivars. MH/IC91278-99C-180-13-74 and LM/IC 87123-93-B-32 therefore were appropriate to be promoted as new cultivars with high pod yield, resistant to foliar disease and A. flavus, and low aflatoxin contamination.
Influence of explant size, heat treatment, and variety on garlic (Allium sativum L) meristematic tissue growth
Authors: Karjadi Asih K. , Aswani Nazly
Published: September 2021

Garlic (Allium sativum L) is one of genus Allium sp which propagated vegetatively. In vegetative propagation, virus is one of the major diseases. However, it has been approved that OYDV (Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus) can be eliminated through unconventional propagation techniques. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of explant, variety and heat treatment on the growth and development of explants dealing with virus elimination. The research was conducted on the IVEGRI tissue culture laboratory from May to September 2018. The research was designed using combination between explant types e.g. meristem (E1) and shoot tip (E2), heat treatment (370C) for 1 month, and varieties e.g. Lumbu Hijau (V1); Tawang Mangu (V2); Lumbu Putih (V3). The composition of media consisted of MS + MS vitamine + Sucrose 30 g L-1+ IAA 2 mg L-1 + Kinetin 2 mgL-1 + GA30.01 mgL-1 + Gel gro 2 gL-1, pH 5.7 were used as media growth. The results concluded that explant size, heat treatment and varieties affected percentage of proliferation. The bigger the explant size used, the higher growth percentage resulted. From the average number of shoots, leaves and roots, it also suggested that explant type and varieties affected the explant growth and development. Moreover, it was shown that the culture contamination on 10 WAP ranged from 20% to 55% which generally caused by bacteria. The results of virus testing OYDV on plantlets using DAS ELISA Serology technique showed that the infected cultures ranged from 22.22% to 60 %.
Growth and yield of shallots (Allium cepa var aggregatum L.) under different seed bulbs storage period
Authors: Sinaga Rismawita , Waluyo Nurmalita , Rahayu Astiti , Rosliani Rini
Published: September 2021

The availability of qualified and sustainable seeds is one of the determinants of the success of shallot farming. One of the constraints factor in the supply of shallot seeds is the short storage period that is about 2-3 months. This study aims to determine the effect of varieties and seed storage period on growth and yield shallots. This research was conducted at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute, Lembang, West Java, Indonesia. The study was designed using split plot design with four replications. The main plot was seed storage period for four months, five months and six months after harvest and the subplot was varieties, consisting of seven varieties that have been released, namely Bima Brebes, Katumi, Kuning, Pikatan, Trisula, Pancasona and Mentes. The results showed that the yield of wet bulbs per hectare of five-months-storage period bulb seeds was significantly higher than six months storage period for the varieties of Bima Brebes, Katumi, Kuning, Pikatan, Pancasona and Mentes. Five-months-storage period of shallot bulb seeds can still be used as a source of seeds for the varieties of Bima Brebes, Katumi, Kuning, Pikatan, Pancasona and Mentes.
The growth and yield of hybrid maize on shaded agroecosystem
Authors: Jauhari Sodiq , Praptana R. Heru , Samijan  , Setiapermas Meinarti Norma
Published: September 2021

The development of maize in shade areas is one of the efforts to increase the national maize production.The study objective was to determine the growth and yield adaptation of hybrid maize in shaded areas. The study was conducted in the sengon forest area of Kalices Village, Patehan District, Kendal Regency from March to September 2020. The study was designed using a randomized block design with split-split plots with treatments including: a) shade density (0%, 20% and 40%) as the main plot; b) cultivation technology (PTT and existing farmers) as sub-plots; and c) varieties (JH 37, Nasa 29 and Bisi 18) as sub-plots. Each treatment was replicated 3 times in order to obtain 18 treatment combinations and each replication was planted in a plot with a size of 350 m2. The parameters observed included the percentage of plants growing, plant height at harvest, age 50% male flowers, age 50% female flowers, cob height, cob length, cob weight, cob diameter, number of rows per cob, number of seeds per row, weight of dry seeds, seed moisture content, yield per plot and yield per hectare. The data were processed by analysis of variance and if there is a significant difference, it was further tested with DMRT at the 5% level. The results showed that the shading had a very significant effect on most of the yield components, namely cob length, number of seed rows per cob, wet and dry shell weight per 10 cobs, wet stubble weight per 10 plants, wet stubble weight, and dry shell weight. However, there is no significant effect on the growth components of growth power, cob circumference and cob position. The growth and yield adaptation of maize was better at 20% shade density compared to 40% shade density. On land with a shade density of 20%, the highest productivity was obtained in the Bisi 18 of 5.9 t/ha with a potential yield of 62.7%, followed by Nasa 29 of 5.8 t/ha with a potential yield of 58.41%, and JH 37 as much as 5.2 t/ha with a potential yield of 25%.
Combining ability of superior cacao clones for assembling high productivity and disease resistant cocoa
Authors: Rubiyo  , Nurdebyandaru Nicho
Published: September 2021

This research aimed to determine the potentiality of P1 and P2 as parents to produce superior strains of hybrid cacao by estimating general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability from crossed diallel among high yielding parents which are resistant to P. palmivora. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm Sumber Asin, Malang, East Java, from 2010 to 2018. The research was arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisted of 10 hybrids and 5 parents so that the treatment used 15 genotypes. Each treatment consisted of 12 plants in triplicates. Resistance test on parents and F1 showed that all crossed combination strains were infected by pod rot disease (P. palmivora) with various intensity. The highest disease intensity was a strain combination of DR 1 x ICS 13 and the lowest one was ICS 13 and SCa 6. All crossed combination strains in the field had not shown symptoms of any pest infection. Cacao clones that have low GCA value based on the disease intensity were TSH 858, ICCRI 3 and SCa 6. These clones have the potential to be used in the assembly of disease-resistant and high-yielding cocoa hybrids in the future.
Agronomic responses of three potted Crysanthemum (Dendranthema grandifloraTzvelev) varieties to inorganic and organic fertilizers
Authors: Meilasari Rika , Yuniarto Kurnia , Mirnia Eka , Yuniarti  , Dewi Ratna Andam
Published: September 2021

Potted chrysanthemums as one of high-demand potted ornamental plants are mostly cultivated using inorganic fertilizers. The organic fertilizers use as an alternative and complementary to inorganic fertilizers on potted chrysanthemum cultivation needs to be studied further. This study aims to determine the response of inorganic and organic fertilizer to agronomic characters of three potted Chrysanthemum varieties. The research was carried out in West Sumatra AIAT’s greenhouse from October to December 2020 using split-plot design with three replications. The main plots were fertilizer treatments (control, inorganic fertilizers, Bio-urine organic fertilizers) and sub-plots consisted of three potted chrysanthemum varieties (Armita, Avanthe, and Naura). Bio-urine organic fertilizers nutrient content N, P and K. The results showed that agronomic character of plant height, leaf length, leaf width, and the number of internodes resulted from type of fertilization treatments were significantly different. The highest plant height, leaf width, and number of internodes were significantly achieved in inorganic fertilizers then followed by Bio-urine organic fertilizers and control. The highest growth for the characters of plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, and flower diameter were attained from Avanthe. The interaction between fertilizers types and varieties was not significantly different in all observed characters.
The dynamics of soybean seed production and cost structure at farmer level in Konawe and South Konawe Districts, Southeast Sulawesi Province
Authors: Mutmaidah Siti , Elisabeth Dian Adi Anggraeni
Published: September 2021

Research aimed to obtain information on the dynamics of soybean seedling in Southeast Sulawesi Province and its income structure at farmer level. The research was conducted in Landano Sub-district, Konawe Selatan Regency and Pondidaha Sub-district, Konawe Regency which were selected purposively as soybean centers in Southeast Sulawesi. Data collected through interview, observation and documentation studies were analyzed descriptively using cross tabulation, including financial feasibility of soybean seed production. In 2010-2018 there were fluctuations in the planting area and soybean harvest. The highest production and productivity occurred in 2016, experiencing an increase of 21% even though the planting area decreased by 22% from 2015. However in 2016, soybean seed production in Southeast Sulawesi was only able to meet 73.5 % of the need for seeds in the province. Anjasmoro is a preferable variety by farmers because its large seed is suitable for raw material of tofu and tempeh industry. In addition, other characteristics of Anjasmoro interested in are its resistant to falling, leaf rust disease, and pod breaking. Analysis of soybean seed production at breeder farmer level showed that from selling 1,000 kg of seeds, the net profit obtained was IDR 262,100 with an R/C ratio > 1.
Patterns and causes of conversion of smallholder rubber plantation to oil palm (case in Batik Nau sub district, Bengkulu Utara Regency)
Authors: Afrizon  , Ishak Andi , Fauzi Emlan , Miswarti  , Rosmanah Siti , Sastro Yudi
Published: September 2021

Batik Nau Subdistrict has the largest rubber plantation in North Bengkulu Regency, namely 3,779 hectares, but much of it has been converted to oil palm plantation. The conversion occurred quite massively, namely 393 hectares or 10.4 percent in 2019. This study aims to determine the patterns and causes of the conversion of smallholder rubber to oil palm in the Batik Nau Subdistrict. The research was conducted in three rubber production center villages in Batik Nau Subdistrict from January to March 2021 through in-depth interviews with 10 key informants. The data extracted relates to the patterns and factors causing the conversion of rubber to oil palm. In addition, secondary data collection and field observations were also carried out to confirm the results of the interviews. The data were processed descriptively. The results showed that there were two conversion patterns, namely direct conversion and gradual conversion. The main causes of conversions are low rubber prices and inefficient use of labor. In developing rubber farming the people must pay attention to the availability of labor in the family.
Sustainability innovation in the agriculture sector in Indonesia: a review
Authors: Harsanto Budi
Published: September 2021

Indonesia as one of the world’s important players in agriculture has great sustainability and innovation challenges. This paper aims to explore the practice of sustainability innovation or sustainability-oriented innovation (SOI) in the agricultural sector in Indonesia. The method used is structured search and analysis, known as a systematic review of scientific articles in the international academic database of Scopus. The qualitative analysis is performed on the articles included in the review. The results show more than 30 articles in international journals involving Indonesian scholars discussing this topic and indicating that the subject is emerging in this area. The development has mainly occurred since about 2018 to date. The top affiliates contributing to the topic came from IPB University, Center for International Forestry Research, Wageningen University and Research, and World Agroforestry Centre. Interestingly, quite a lot of funding for this research comes from abroad, such as Australia, Japan, UK, and US. This field is interdisciplinary with top 3 subject areas, including Agricultural and Biological (23.7%), Social (19.7%), and Environmental (18.4%), indicating the need for interdisciplinary collaborative efforts to develop this scientific area. This paper contributes as an initial attempt to elaborate on the sustainability innovation in the agriculture sector in Indonesia.
Farmer’s perception on artificial insemination under the mandatory pregnant cow program (UPSUS SIWAB) in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Adnyana I Putu Cakra Putra , Astiti LuhGde Sri , Agustini Nurul , Hijriyah  , Hilmiati Nurul
Published: September 2021

Low cattle productivity has been common in West Nusa Tenggara (WNT) in which feed shortage being a classic problem contributing to slow growth, high calf mortality and long calving interval. The contributing factor is quality bull shortage. One of the efforts that has been madeto improve thecattle productivity is artificial insemination (AI). This study aims to describe farmer perception on artificial insemination in WNT. This study used case study methodology for East Lombok and Sumbawa district. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using FGD and in-depth interview methods, then analysed descriptively. This study showed that farmer perception on AI in East Lombok was more positive driven by bull scarcity and high price of cross bred calf. Meanwhile farmer perception on AI was less positive in Sumbawa influenced by low conception rates. This was attributed to inaccurate reporting time by farmers, varying inseminator skills and long distance between AI service center and farmer site. The less positive perception towards AI in Sumbawa was exacerbated by high fatality risk for cows giving birth to cross bred calf.
Production risk analysis of shallot farming in Adipala Sub-District Cilacap Regency
Authors: Ridho Saefudin , Noechdijati Dyah Ethika , Wijayanti Irene Kartika Eka , Mulyani Altri
Published: September 2021

The development of shallot farming in Adipala Sub-district starting in 2018 faced several problems, namely most farmers still had low experience of shallot farming, the type of land that was less fertile, shallot seeds from Brebes which were not specific to coastal land. This research aimed to analyze 1) revenue, cost, income, and R/C, 2) the level of production risk, 3) factors influencing production, 4) factors influencing production risk. The research object was farmers who carried out shallot farming during the growing season from November 2019 to January 2020 in Adipala Village, Bunton Village, and Karanganyar Village. The sampling method was saturated sampling. Data analysis consisted of analysis of revenue, cost, income, R/C, coefficient of variation, and Just & Pope production risk function regression. The results showed that the shallot farming in Adipala Sub-district was profitable, namely per farm it had revenue Rp10,834,600.00, cost Rp9,999,943.61, income Rp834,656.39, and R/C 1.06. The production risk level was high at 85.49%. Factors that had been shown to significantly influence production were land area, seedlings, labor, agricultural lime, petroganik, manure, TSP, ZA, KCl, NPK, herbicides, and fungicides. Meanwhile, factors that had been shown to significantly influence production risk were TSP, NPK, and fungicides.
Technical risk control system of sustainable vanilli cultivation in Indonesia
Authors: Wahyudi Agus , Permadi Redy Aditya , Ermiati
Published: September 2021

Vanilla is a high-value spice product and is used as a flavoring ingredient for food and beverages, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Indonesia is a major producer of vanilla in the world, however the production has declined since 2017, due to the high risk in vanilla cultivation, like economic risks (fluctuations of vanilla prices), technical risks (high attack of vanilla stem rot disease) and social risks (threats of vanilla fruit theft). Hence, vanilla cultivation has a low level of sustainability. This review aims to analyze risk control systems in vanilla cultivation to improve the sustainability of vanilla production. Given that the main risk in vanilla cultivation is the risk of attacks of vanilla stem rot disease, the risk control system uses it as a reference factor, while other factors as supporting factors. The hierarchy of risk control in the vanilla cultivation system when connected with its sustainability level follows reverse pyramids of vanilla cultivation systems in open land, shade houses and greenhouses. In its implementation, to increase the continued cultivation of vanilla in Indonesia is required cultivation with the highest risk control system, although there are consequences of increased investment costs but the opportunity to achieve high productivity will be better.
Analysis of soil physical quality index (case study: groundnut/ Arachis hypogeal L.)
Authors: Riskawati R. , Baskoro Dwi Putro T , Rachman Latief M
Published: September 2021

Physical properties of soil are good for plant growth is closely related to the management of the soil, so it will need to integrate of physical properties to get an overall assessment with making soil physical quality index (SPQI). This study aims to an evaluation of physical properties and determines the physical quality index using several unit treatments to produce various physical qualities on Groundnut/Arachis hypogeal L. The location of the research was carried out in a farmer's garden in Cimaung Village, Cikeusal District, Serang Regency, Banten Province (Coordinates 6o12’14’’ S dan 106o11’52’’E). To analyze the SPQI using several physical properties of the soil such as texture, bulk density, porosity, permeability, and aggregate stability. Each indicator has a scoring parameter to assess the soil physical quality index with a score range of 0-5. An assessment SPQI in a land unit is able to describe the various physical qualities of the soil which are represented by several physical properties of the soil. The unit treatment which class categorization of soil physical quality index indicated slightly good (U2), medium (U1, U3-U6), and slightly poor (U7) as a control.
Empowering certified garlic seed producers to increase local production in Sembalun highlands of Eastern Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Mardiana  , Utami Sylvia Kusumaputri , Hidayah Baiq Nurul
Published: September 2021

Garlic demand in Indonesia reaches 500,000 tons yearly and 82.5% supplied from importation. This problem could be addressed by increasing national production. However, garlic production is very dependent on seeds availability, therefore efforts to produce high quality seeds is a must. One of the efforts is through developing certified garlic seed producers. This research aims to study efforts by Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia in empowering growth of new certified seed producers in Lombok Island. Data obtained through in-depth interviews with existing seed producers, new seed producers, community leaders and garlic farmers during 2017-2018. The results showed that formation of two new certified seed producers could increase the coverage of farmers who are assisted from the previous 10 to 20 farmers per group who have a commitment to work together to sell their garlic seeds. Seed producers can be a communication channel that increases farmers' knowledge on garlic cultivation because of an increasingly extensive network and sources of information. Supervising process to new certified seed producers enabling them to produce high quality seeds. In addition, certified garlic seeds produced are easier to recognize by buyers and able to penetrate national market with competitive prices.
Model of agricultural extension service system to accelerate technology adoption for vanilla smallholder
Authors: Wulandari Suci , Ardana I Ketut
Published: September 2021

Transfer of knowledge and technology is the critical aspect to increasing the performance of vanilla agribusiness. Various technologies to accelerate the increasing productivity and quality of vanilla have been introduced. However, adoption at the smallholder level is still not optimal. This study aims to formulate an extension service system to accelerate technology adoption at the farmer level. The analytical method used is MICMAC. Extension activities in household approach, farm school, and farm demonstration or demonstration plot greatly influence other agribusiness components. On the other hand, the availability of other agribusiness components affects extension activities. Extension for vanilla smallholders tends to be dominated by individuals with technical aspects as the focus of the subject matter. However, behavioural and institutional elements are not yet determinants of the sustainability of the learning process. An extension service system is an integrated approach that encourages the transfer of knowledge, information, and technology as a continuous learning process. Integrated extension service system for vanilla agribusiness development based on knowledge support service. It is supported by agribusiness support service, policy, market opportunities, and industry organization. Knowledge support service encourages the establishment of individual and smallholder organization capacity development.
The sustainability level of rice seed breeding business: individual characteristics and external support aspects
Authors: Safei Atang , Amanah Siti , Fatchiya Anna
Published: September 2021

The business sustainability of rice seed breeding in the breeder groups is very important to provide qualified rice seeds, improve the farmer's income and welfare, and become the indicator of the success of the program. The study aimed to analyze the level of sustainability of the rice seed breeding business and the influence of the level of support from the government, private sectors and community leaders on the level of sustainability of the business. Data were collected from 112 farmers in Majalengka from December 2020 to January 2021. The data were analyzed by Partial Least Square (PLS-Path Modeling) using SmartPLS3. The results showed that the sustainability level of the rice seed breeding business in the aspect of production and business profits was included in the high category. Production and profits of rice seed breeding business are higher than consumption rice farming. The level of private support and community leaders have a significant effect on the sustainability level of the rice seed breeding business. The government provides farmer protection programs, but the farmers have not used them optimally. The involvement of community leaders can increase the sustainability of the breeding business in terms of production, market guarantee and business profits.
Dissemination mapping through spatial distribution pattern of day-old local chicken in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Zandos Fatwi , Shiddieqy Mohammad Ikhsan , Komarudin K.
Published: September 2021

Local chicken has several potential functions in Indonesia, especially as an alternative source of food. Over the last decade, local chicken farms have been growing rapidly to supply the increasing demand of local chicken meat. The government continues to disseminate and spread high-quality local chicken breeds, including KUB Chicken. This study aims to analyse the spatial distribution of day-old local chicken (DOC) as part of dissemination program in Bogor Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The method of this study was descriptive with field observation to collect primary data. Secondary data was used as comparison. The amount of DOC was calculated from three years dissemination program (2018, 2019 and 2020). The results showed 80,120 DOC were distributed to 204 farmers groups in 35 subdistricts in Bogor in the last three years. Cibungbulang Subdistrict has received the most DOC and Cisarua Subdistrict has received the least the DOC with the number of 8,846 DOC and 352 DOC, respectively. This study shows that the spatial distribution of DOC was not spread equally. This study suggests the enhancement of distribution of DOC, especially to the subdistricts in central part of Bogor and has a low population of local chicken.
Oxalate contents in green juice prepared using either a high-speed blender or a masticating juicer
Authors: Novitasari Erliana , Savage Geoffrey P.
Published: September 2021

Green vegetables are very beneficial for health, but sometimes it is not understood that some vegetables also contain anti-nutrients. For example, oxalic acid can be found in some green vegetables, such as spinach. Oxalic acid can be absorbed from food and as it is a toxin it has to be removed from the body via the kidneys. Under certain conditions, oxalate can combine with calcium in the kidneys forming stones which can lead to impaired kidney function. This study aims to compare two techniques for making vegetable juice, using a high-speed blender or a masticating juicer. The content of oxalic acid, calcium, pH and titratable acidity (TA) was measured in both juices. Total oxalic acid was measured using HPLC, calcium content was analyzed using a Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer. Dry matter, pH and TA were measured based on AOAC methods. The highest total oxalate (OA) was found in juice made using a masticating juicer of 7638.27 mg OA/100 g dry weight. The highest calcium content was found in the fiber fraction or in the remaining juice using the masticating juicer technique, which was 10.04 mg/100 g juice. Meanwhile, the TA value of the thick juice produced by the high speed blender was not significantly different from the runny juice produced by the masticating juicer. The smoothie-like green juice prepared using a high-speed blender was healthier as the soluble and insoluble oxalate extracted in the juice was lower than in the clear juice prepared using a masticating juicer.
The effectiveness of aglime ameliorant to improve soil pH and maize (Zea mays L.) growth and production in Langkat Regency
Authors: Manurung Erpina Delina , Ramija Khadijah EL , Batubara Siti Fatimah
Published: September 2021

Tropical climatic conditions accompanied by high rainfall are supporting factors for soil acidification in Indonesia's drylands. One of the conventional management technologies that are most widely used to improve soil acidity is liming. This study observed the effectiveness of various doses of Aglime ameliorant for improving acid soil and its effect on the growth of maize (Zea mays L.). The study was conducted in Pasar VI Kwala Mencirim Village, Sei Bingai District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra from June to October 2020. The experimental design of this study was a non-factorial randomized bock design consisted of 7 treatments of Aglime ameliorant dosage with four replications. The results showed that the application of various doses of Aglime ameliorant was able to increase soil pH, height, and maize production which the highest pH value, height, and production were obtained at Aglime dose of 5 tons Ha-1 (AL 5). The effectiveness of Aglime ameliorant to increase soil pH is reflected in the relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) which is overall > 95% (101,7 – 274,5%) for the tested Aglime dose of 1 to 5 tons per hectare (AL1-AL5).
Water quality in Cidurian watershed, Indonesia
Authors: Yustika Rahmah Dewi , Ariani Ratri
Published: September 2021

Studies about river water quality are essential since the decreasing of water quality could threaten hydrology watershed function. The objective of this study was to identify water quality in rainy and dry seasons of Cidurian watershed. Water quality data were obtained from Main River Basin Organization Territory Cidanau – Ciujung – Cidurian for 2018 and 2019. The parameters of water quality consist of total suspended solids (TSS), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), phosphate (PO4), nitrite (NO2 – N), electrical conductivity (EC), temperature, Ca, and Mg. Water sampling location were in Jasinga (upstream), Neglasari (middle stream), Rancasumur (middle stream), and Tanara (downstream). The result showed that TSS concentration showed higher in rainy season than dry season in all sampling points with values higher than river water quality standard 50 mg/L. Therefore, need attention to adopt soil conservation practices in mixed tree crops, dry cultivation land, and crop plantation to decrease soil erosion. Downstream had values of pH, DO, COD, and BOD outside of water quality standards. Accordingly, government should issue some policies to protect from decreasing water quality. The information on river water quality in Cidurian watershed could support better watershed management for sustainable hydrology watershed function.
Driving factors of sustainable production in upland watersheds: systematic literature review
Authors: Fitriani Fitriani , Kuswadi Didik
Published: September 2021

Sustainable production in upland watersheds is a formidable challenge for farmers. The trade-off laid between economic benefits (productivity) and sustainability. Farmers’ resilience in the upstream watershed needs to meet sustainable agricultural production. This paper was conducted to review the local driving factors which are supporting economic resilience and climate change mitigation to sustainable production in upland watersheds. Systematic Literature Review (SLR) design as preliminary exposure toward the key variables and driving question. The framework of a systematic literature review refers to the conservation and environmental management that is built with PRISMA protocol. SLR protocol starts from planning review, citation screening, data extraction, and analysis. The review addressed terms of current developments and plans for the participatory in sustainable watersheds management. This review article performed the basic steps of SLR and meta-analysis studies on environmental science and agricultural and biological science fields. The SLR protocol starts from planning review, citation screening, data extraction, review progress, the analysis result. The keywords addressed to current study in sustainable production in upland watersheds. This review has highlighted that agroforestry as a primary driving factor in directing the sustainable production in upland. Agroforestry within coffee farming could set as sustainable production system in upstream watersheds.
Process of removing the bitter taste of pomelo peel
Authors: Son H.N , Thi V.L , Hau Q.B , Khang C.V , Cang H.M
Published: September 2021

The de-bittering effects of immersion in ethanol on white pomelo peel was investigated. The suitable conditions for ethanol immersion were found as sample: ethanol ratio of 1/12 (g/mL), immersion ethanol concentration 40°, immersion time 4 hours, immersion temperature 50°C, discharge temperature 50°C, and 3 rinsing times. Immersion with ethanol is highly effective as 82.5% naringin bitterness was removed and pesticide residue was reduced. However, the method also reduce content of vitamin C and sugar. Ethanol is one of the most used solvents for antioxidant extraction because it is inexpensive, reusable, non-toxic and used in the food industry. The de-bittering method by immersion with ethanol showed that large scale naringin was separated from the pomelo peel.
Soil fertility management of rainfed rice fields in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia
Authors: Nurmegawati  , Sari Wilda Mika , Damiri Ahmad , Wahyuni Tri , Calista Irma , Sastro Yudi , Oktavia Yulie , Yahumri  , Yartiwi
Published: September 2021

Rice is a staple food for the Indonesian people and is a national strategic commodity for national food security. Rainfed area is a potential land to support national rice production, by improving soil management through balanced fertilization based on the soil characteristics. This study aims to determine the soil fertility and alternative management implemented in 2019 and 2020 in Sukaraja and Pondok Kelapa sub districts, Bengkulu Province. Soil fertility status for CEC, base saturation, C-organic, total P and total K taken based on the classification of the value of the combination of these chemical properties. The results showed that the soil fertility status of the rainfed rice fields in Sukaraja and Pondok Kelapa sub districts was low. The limiting factors for soil fertility for Sukaraja sub district are alkaline saturation, total K-total and P-total for Pondok Kelapa sub district. The limiting factors are all elements related to nutrient status assessment, namely CEC, base saturation, total P, total K and C-organic. Alternative soil management is carried out in an integrated manner by providing balanced organic and inorganic fertilizers. The provision of soil amendments such as straw compost, manure, biochar and agricultural lime/dolomite, especially for acid reacting soils, aims at increasing soil fertility before fertilization is applied.
Integrated livestock and oil palm plantation as sustainable agricultural bioindustry in Bangka Island, Indonesia
Authors: Suyatno  , Hidayat Zikril , Suharyanto  , Wibawa Wahyu
Published: September 2021

As an emerging economic sector, agriculture in the Province of Bangka Belitung has less contribution both in terms of production and contribution towards farmer’s income. Therefore, the implementation of sustainable agriculture by integrating crops and livestock is argued to increase the competitiveness of agricultural products and farmer’s income. Based on local resources, one of the sustainable agricultural applications that can be implemented in Bangka Belitung is bio-industrial agriculture by integrating oil palm, citronella, and cattle farming to optimize marginal land. The concept of the bio-industrial agriculture model in this project contained several aspects i.e., environmentally friendly, effective and efficient, competitive, and profitable. The model implemented in the farmer groups increased farmer’s income from oil palm plantations and beef cattle. This was due to an increase in the productivity of Bali cattle with an average daily gain (ADG) of 0.22 kg to 0.56 kg, also an increase in the production of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of oil palm. In general, the model of oil palm-cattle integration is suitable for sustainable agricultural development in Bangka Belitung.
Divergent selection towards body weight and betaine supplementation on quails performance in tropical environment
Authors: Ratriyanto Adi , Widyas Nuzul , Prastowo Sigit , Andrianto Dafa Feron
Published: September 2021

Initial body weight may affect animal performance. This study investigated the effect of divergent selection based on body weight and betaine supplementation on performance of quails in the tropical environment. In total, 900 7-day-old female Japanese quails were divided into 30 cages of 30 birds in a 3×2 factorial design. The first factor was body weight (Random, High, and Low), and the second factor was betaine supplementation (0% and 0.14%), resulting in 6 treatments. Performance data were collected for 2 periods of 28 days during the laying phase. The variables observed included feed consumption, egg production, egg weight, and feed conversion. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and continued with Duncan’s Test for significant results. The results showed that there was no interaction between body weight and betaine supplementation on quails’ performance. Random body weight produced more eggs and the highest feed efficiency than Low body weight (P<0.05), although the result did not differ from High body weight. Betaine supplementation enhanced egg weight (P<0.05) than the non-supplemented group but did not affect other variables. It is concluded that Random and High weight and betaine supplementation can be applied to optimize the performance of quails in a tropical environment.
Therapie der Binge-Eating-Störung
Authors: Hilbert Anja
Published: September 2021

Die Binge-Eating-Störung (BES), als eigenständige Essstörung erstmals im Diagnostischen und Statistischen Manual psychischer Störungen DSM-5 definiert, ist durch wiederkehrende Essanfälle ohne gewichtskompensatorische Verhaltensweisen gekennzeichnet. Die breitere Definition in der avisierten International Classification of Diseases ICD-11 wird zu Veränderungen in Präsentation und Prävalenz dieser Störung führen. Die BES tritt vor dem Hintergrund einer komplexen, multifaktoriellen Ätiologie auf und geht mit einer erhöhten Essstörungs- und allgemeinen Psychopathologie, psychischen und körperlichen Komorbidität einschließlich Adipositas und verringertem Funktionsniveau einher. Trotz dieser Beeinträchtigungen wird die BES häufig weder diagnostiziert noch behandelt. Evidenzbasierte Therapien für die BES umfassen die Psychotherapie, wobei die Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie das etablierteste Verfahren darstellt, und die strukturierte Selbsthilfebehandlung. Andere Therapien wie die Pharmakotherapie, behaviorale Gewichtsreduktionstherapie und Kombinationstherapien erhielten in den aktuellen evidenzbasierten S3-Essstörungsleitlinien einen geringeren Empfehlungsgrad für spezielle Indikationen.
Kinderwunsch nach Mammakarzinom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: September 2021

Erkranken prämenopausale Frauen an einem Mammakarzinom, ist die Familienplanung häufig noch nicht abgeschlossen. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine Schwangerschaft nimmt posttherapeutisch aber um 40–60 % ab. Die prospektive Studie mit 1275 Patientinnen zeigt den Nutzen einer Fertilitätserhaltung: 425 Patientinnen hatten eine > 2-fach höhere Geburtenrate als Nichtexponierte.
Ist das Testosteron-Management beim fortgeschrittenen hormonsensitiven Prostatakarzinom zeitgemäß?
Authors: Zastrow Stefan , Mudra Tobias Niels , Suttmann Henrik
Published: September 2021

Die hormonablative Therapie (ADT) ist beim fortgeschrittenen oder metastasierten Prostatakarzinom Standard. Hier wird sie entweder allein oder in Kombination mit weiteren Verfahren und Substanzen eingesetzt. Der Testosteron-Zielwert von < 50 ng/dl bzw. < 1.7 nmol/l wurde vor mehr als 40 Jahren willkürlich und sowie aufgrund, aus heutiger Sicht unsensibleren Messmethoden definiert. Seitdem sind immer mehr Daten generiert worden, die nahelegen, dass bei einem Testosteronwert < 20 ng/dl die Progression zum kastrationsresistenten Prostatakarzinom verzögert wird. Obwohl eine Absenkung des Zielwerts vielfach schon gefordert wird, hat dies noch keinen Eingang in die Praxis gefunden. Die Messung des Testosteronwerts zur Kontrolle des Ansprechens auf eine Hormonablation gehört bisher nicht zu den regulären Kontrolluntersuchungen. Auch in nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien gibt es hierzu keine konkreten Empfehlungen. Auf Basis der zunehmenden Evidenz rückt die Frage nach der klinischen Relevanz des Testosteron-Managements während der ADT immer stärker in den Fokus. Die aktuelle Datenlage hierzu soll in der vorliegenden Arbeit dargestellt werden.
Implementierung und Wirkung der multimodalen psychosozialen
MAKS-Intervention in der Tagespflege bei Menschen mit kognitiven
Beeinträchtigungen: Ergebnisse in der offenen Phase nach Beendigung des
RCT
Authors: Gräßel Elmar , Donath Carolin , Pendergrass Anna , Luttenberger Katharina
Published: September 2021

Ziel der Studie Untersuchung der Langzeitwirkung einer psychosozialen
Intervention bei Demenz einschließlich ihrer Implementierung unter
„natürlichen“ Bedingungen in der Tagespflege. In der
vorliegenden Arbeit wird dies untersucht für die MAKS-Intervention
– Motorische, Alltagspraktische, Kognitive und Sozial-kommunikative
Komponente.

Methodik Am Ende einer 6-monatigen, cluster-randomisierten, kontrollierten
Studie waren in allen 32 Tagespflege-Einrichtungen (TPs)
Mitarbeiter*innen in MAKS geschult. Bis dahin hatten die TPs der
Interventionsgruppe MAKS durchgeführt, die TPs der Kontrollgruppe hatten
ihr übliches Programm angeboten. Ab diesem Zeitpunkt war allen
Einrichtungen freigestellt, die Intervention durchzuführen oder nicht
(offene Phase). In der 18-monatigen Nachbeobachtungsphase wurden nach 6 und 18
Monaten die Einrichtungsleitungen gefragt, ob MAKS weiterhin
regelmäßig und in der geschulten Form durchgeführt wurde
oder nicht. Nach 6 Monaten in der offenen Phase (t12) wurden die kognitiven
Fähigkeiten bei den Studienteilnehmer*innen mit leichter
kognitiver Beeinträchtigung, leichter oder moderater Demenz erneut mit
dem Mini-Mental Status Test (MMST) erfasst. Mithilfe der multiplen linearen
Regression wurde untersucht, ob dieser MMST-Wert von der Durchführung
der Intervention (ja oder nein) prädiziert wird. Weitere
Adjustierungsvariablen waren der MMST-Wert zu t6, Alter, Geschlecht,
Besuchshäufigkeit in der TP, Antidementiva-Einnahme und
Depressivität.

Ergebnisse In den ersten 6 Monaten der offenen Phase gaben 22 TPs
(69%) an, dass sie MAKS durchführten. In den Monaten 7 bis 18
stieg dieser Anteil auf 81%. Für die 287
Studienteilnehmer*innen in den 32 TPs war das Faktum, ob sie
Gäste in einer TP mit oder ohne MAKS waren, ein signifikanter
Prädiktor für den Verlauf der kognitiven Fähigkeiten
(p= 0,019). Der durchschnittliche MMST-Wert in TPs ohne MAKS sank, in
TPs mit MAKS blieb er annähernd gleich. Weitere signifikante
Prädiktoren waren der Ausgangswert sowie die Einnahme von Antidementiva
(Personen mit Antidementiva erzielten ein schlechteres Ergebnis).

Schlussfolgerung Die multimodale, psychosoziale MAKS-Intervention
für Menschen mit kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen kann nach
strukturierter Schulung in Tagespflegen langfristig implementiert werden. MAKS
wirkt auch außerhalb eines strukturierten Studiendesigns günstig
auf die kognitiven Fähigkeiten.