bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-efficiency multi-band multi-polarization metasurface-based reflective converter with multiple plasmon resonances
Authors: Zheng Qi , Guo Chenjiang , Ding Jun , Fei Peng , Vandenbosch Guy A. E.
Published: November 2021

A simple design of a triple-band multi-polarization reflective polarization converter is presented. The proposed device consists of a modified split-ring structure and a cut-wire resonator. A linearly polarized (LP) incident electromagnetic (EM) wave can be reflected into an orthogonally directed LP wave in two widebands and a circularly polarized (CP) wave in one wideband. The triple-band multi-polarization conversion performance is achieved by combing multiple plasmon resonances, which can be controlled by adjusting the parameters of the modified split-ring structure and the cut-wire resonator independently. The simulations show that a y/x-polarized incident EM wave can be rotated to an x/y-polarized reflected wave from 5.75–9.40 GHz (a fractional bandwidth of 48.18%) and 14.22–16.28 GHz (a fractional bandwidth of 13.51%) with a polarization conversion ratio over 0.9. Besides, a CP reflection is obtained from 10.58–13.88 GHz (a fractional bandwidth of 26.98%) with an axial ratio of less than 3 dB. The device is prototyped and a good agreement between experimental and simulated results is obtained. The proposed multi-functional polarization converter yields a wideband in each polarization conversion band and can be extended to work in other frequency bands.
Effects of stacking fault energy on the deformation behavior of CoNiCrFeMn high-entropy alloys: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Zheng Tengfei , Lv Jiecheng , Wu Yuan , Wu Hong-Hui , Liu Shaofei , Tang Jianguo , Zhou Meisa , Wang Hui , Liu Xiongjun , Jiang Suihe , Lu Zhaoping
Published: November 2021

Tailoring stacking fault energy (SFE) is an effective way for enhancing mechanical properties of certain high entropy alloys (HEAs) such as the prototype Cantor alloy. However, the underlying mechanism, especially the atomistic origins for the enhanced plasticity and strength, is still unclear. In this work, we performed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the mechanical behavior of CoxNi40−xCr20Fe20Mn20 (x = 10, 20, and 30 at. %) HEAs under tensile loading. The results show that the SFE decreases with the increase in Co concentration and favors the formation of continuous stacking fault networks on which multiple plastic deformation carriers including stacking faults, dislocations, twins, and martensitic transformation were sequentially activated. The activation and complex interaction of these multiple carriers mainly contribute to the improved plasticity, and the increased stair-rod dislocations result in the enhanced strength in Co30Ni10Cr20Fe20Mn20 HEA. The current findings may be important for the understanding of SFE effects at the atomistic scale and also shed light on designing of high-performance HEAs.
Blow-up vs boundedness in a two-species attraction–repulsion chemotaxis system with two chemicals
Authors: Liu Aichao , Dai Binxiang
Published: November 2021

We consider the attraction–repulsion chemotaxis system in a smoothly bounded domain Ω⊆R2. When the system is parabolic–elliptic–parabolic–elliptic, we establish the finite time blow-up conditions of nonradial solutions by making a differential inequality on the moment of solutions. Apart from that, in some special cases, the solutions of the system are globally bounded without blow-up. Our results extend some known conclusions in the literature.
Clock transitions guard against spin decoherence in singlet fission
Authors: Lewis Sina G. , Smyser Kori E. , Eaves Joel D.
Published: November 2021

Short coherence times present a primary obstacle in quantum computing and sensing applications. In atomic systems, clock transitions (CTs), formed from avoided crossings in an applied Zeeman field, can substantially increase coherence times. We show how CTs can dampen intrinsic and extrinsic sources of quantum noise in molecules. Conical intersections between two periodic potentials form CTs in electron paramagnetic resonance experiments of the spin-polarized singlet fission photoproduct. We report on a pair of CTs for a two-chromophore molecule in terms of the Zeeman field strength, molecular orientation relative to the field, and molecular geometry.
Exposure risk analysis of COVID-19 for a ride-sharing motorbike taxi
Authors: Hetherington R. , Toufique Hasan A. B. M. , Khan A. , Roy D. , Salehin M. , Wadud Z.
Published: November 2021

A dominant mode of transmission for the respiratory disease COVID-19 is via airborne virus-carrying aerosols. As national lockdowns are lifted and people begin to travel once again, an assessment of the risk associated with different forms of public transportation is required. This paper assesses the risk of transmission in the context of a ride-sharing motorbike taxi—a popular choice of paratransit in South and South-East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Fluid dynamics plays a significant role in understanding the fate of droplets ejected from a susceptible individual during a respiratory event, such as coughing. Numerical simulations are employed here using an Eulerian–Lagrangian approach for particles and the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method for the background air flow. The driver is assumed to be exhaling virus laden droplets, which are transported toward the passenger by the background flow. A single cough is simulated for particle sizes 1, 10, 50 μm, with motorbike speeds 1, 5, 15 m/s. It has been shown that small and large particles pose different types of risk. Depending on the motorbike speed, large particles may deposit onto the passenger, while smaller particles travel between the riders and may be inhaled by the passenger. To reduce risk of transmission to the passenger, a shield is placed between the riders. The shield not only acts as a barrier to block particles, but also alters the flow field around the riders, pushing particles away from the passenger. The findings of this paper therefore support the addition of a shield potentially making the journey safer.
Polarization-induced hole doping for long-wavelength In-rich InGaN solar cells
Authors: Sang Liwen , Sumiya Masatomo , Liao Meiyong , Koide Yasuo , Yang Xuelin , Shen Bo
Published: November 2021

The lack of high-quality In-rich p-type InGaN restricts the development of high-efficiency InGaN solar cells toward the whole solar spectrum. In this work, we report a polarization-induced (PI) hole doping method for In-rich InGaN by using the In composition graded p-type InGaN layer with lightly Mg doping. The hole mobility as high as ∼40 cm2/V s is obtained, which is more than ten time higher than that of the single-layer p-type InGaN with the same average In mole fraction. The In-rich InxGa1−xN (x ∼ 0.4) solar cell with the PI doped p-type InGaN exhibits a peak absorption at the wavelength as long as 594 nm. As a result, the conversion efficiency of InGaN solar cell is improved by over 1.5 times compared to that with single-layer p-type InGaN.
Stochasticity and positive feedback enable enzyme kinetics at the membrane to sense reaction size
Authors: Lee Albert A. , Huang William Y. C. , Hansen Scott D. , Kim Neil H. , Alvarez Steven , Groves Jay T.
Published: November 2021

Significance

Cellular membranes span a wide range of spatial dimensions, from the plasma membrane with a scale of microns to vesicles on the nanometer scale. The work presented here identifies a molecular mechanism, based on common features of cellular signaling enzymes, that causes the average enzymatic catalytic rate to exhibit reaction size dependency. This effect stems from stochastic variation, but the final results can be essentially deterministic. In competitive enzymatic reaction cycles, the final product can depend on the size of the reaction system. The simplicity of the mechanism suggests that size-dependent reaction rates may be widespread among signaling enzymes and thus enable reaction size to be an important factor in signal regulation at the membrane.
Band-selective gap opening by a
C
4
-symmetric order in a proximity-coupled heterostructure Sr
2
VO
3
FeAs
Authors: Kim Sunghun , Ok Jong Mok , Oh Hanbit , Kwon Chang Il , Zhang Yi , Denlinger Jonathan D. , Mo Sung-Kwan , Wolff-Fabris Frederik , Kampert Erik , Moon Eun-Gook , Kim Changyoung , Kim Jun Sung , Kim Yeongkwan
Published: November 2021

Significance

Heterostructures of correlated electronic systems offer versatile platforms for various types of quantum phases and their transitions. A common wisdom states that the proximity coupling between constituent layers plays a secondary role, because it is much weaker than the intralayer interactions. In this work, we present a counterexample of the belief. Namely, the proximity coupling between localized spins and itinerant electrons stabilizes an exotic electronic state with band-selective gap opening whose observation is done in a correlated heterostructure Sr
2
VO
3
FeAs. Our finding highlights that the proximity coupling can be an effective knob for exotic phases in correlated heterostructures.
Antagonistic cotranscriptional regulation through ARGONAUTE1 and the THO/TREX complex orchestrates
FLC
transcriptional output
Authors: Xu Congyao , Fang Xiaofeng , Lu Tiancong , Dean Caroline
Published: November 2021

Significance

RNA processing generally occurs as transcripts are being produced and the concomitant cotranscriptional processes are interconnected with chromatin regulation. These cotranscriptional mechanisms quantitatively influence transcriptional output. At the
Arabidopsis
gene
FLC
, repression involves alternative processing of
FLC
antisense transcripts linked to delivery of a local chromatin environment that determines
FLC
transcription initiation and elongation rate. Here, we show that AGO1, a factor known predominantly for its role in posttranscriptional gene silencing, is involved in this cotranscriptional repression mechanism. Conserved cotranscriptional regulators, the THO/TREX complex and NTC components of the activated spliceosome, physically associate with AGO1. Our analysis suggests that alternative interactions of cotranscriptional regulators with the RNA Pol II–spliceosome link RNA processing and chromatin modification to quantitatively regulate transcriptional output.
CRISPR-SID: Identifying EZH2 as a druggable target for desmoid tumors via in vivo dependency mapping
Authors: Naert Thomas , Tulkens Dieter , Van Nieuwenhuysen Tom , Przybyl Joanna , Demuynck Suzan , van de Rijn Matt , Al-Jazrawe Mushriq , Alman Benjamin A. , Coucke Paul J. , De Leeneer Kim , Vanhove Christian , Savvides Savvas N. , Creytens David , Vleminckx Kris
Published: November 2021

Significance

CRISPR-SID was established in the diploid frog
Xenopus tropicalis
for in vivo elucidation of cancer cell vulnerabilities. CRISPR-SID uses deep-learning predictions and binomial theory to identify genes under positive or negative selection during autochthonous tumor development. Using CRISPR-SID in a genetic model for desmoid tumors, treatment-recalcitrant mesenchymal tumors driven by hyperactivation of the Wnt signaling pathway, we identified
EZH2
and
SUZ12
, both encoding critical components of the polycomb repressive complex 2, as dependency genes for desmoid tumors. Finally, we demonstrate the promise of EZH2 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for desmoid tumors. With the simplicity of CRISPR sgRNA multiplexing in
Xenopus
embryos, the CRISPR-SID method may be applicable to reveal vulnerabilities in other tumor types.
“Twice Bitten”
Authors: Tong Jasmine Man , Morgan David
Published: November 2021

In the 1995 preface to Translators through History (Delisle and Woodsworth, 1995), Jean-François Joly, President of the
International Federation of Translators, quotes a line by Antoine Berman: “The construction of a history of translation is the
first task of a modern theory of translation” (Berman 1992, 1). He elaborates as follows: “Constructing a history of translation
means bringing to light the complex network of cultural exchanges between people, cultures and civilizations through the ages. It
means drawing a portrait of these import-export workers and attempting to unravel their deep-rooted reasons for translating one
particular work instead of another. It means finding out why their sponsors (kings, aristocrats, patrons, high-ranking clergy,
etc.) asked them to translate a given work. It means taking into account what the translators themselves have written about their
work, its difficulties and constraints.” This paper, as the title suggests, attempts to draw a portrait, based on the documents
and letters1 exchanged by the translators themselves, of the collaboration between two
translators working on one translation, the Hawkes-Minford Story of the Stone, otherwise known as The
Dream of the Red Chamber. The true and complete story can never be known by outsiders, like us, the readers. But
through this paper, we can “hear” and “read” the voices of the translators, the publisher and other informants. Let history
speak.
Identity and mobility in linguistic change across the lifespan
Authors: Beaman Karen V.
Published: November 2021

Identity construction and mobility have been shown to influence dialect performance and play a critical role in language change (Blommaert 2014; Britain 2016; Coupland 2001; Johnstone 2011). To investigate the relative importance of identity and mobility and their role in language change, this paper presents the results of a 35-year panel study with 20 speakers of Swabian German. Twelve linguistic variables, six phonological and six morphosyntactic, reveal how identity and mobility influence speakers’ choice of dialect variants. The findings from the panel study, in comparison with an ongoing trend study, offer new understandings in dialect retention and attrition, revealing how ‘feeling Swabian’ and a ‘sense of place’ play a vital role in our understanding of dialect change across the lifespan.
Urban-rural dimensions to variable -body/-one
Authors: Jankowski Bridget L. , Tagliamonte Sali A.
Published: November 2021

English pronominal quantifier doublets (some/any/every/no- + -body/-one) have been variable since Middle English. Previous research (D’Arcy et al. 2013; see also Biber et al. 1999) shows varying patterns of -body and -one by region and quantifier, with an overall slow progression toward -one and possible eventual obsolescence of -body that is highly dependent on social and geographic correlates; the -body variant is retained in rural areas, no matter their location and distance from the large urban centre of Toronto, yet with notable consistency and parallels in the underlying constraints. These findings align with the cascade model (Trudgill 1974, 2011; Labov 2003) and models of transmission versus diffusion of change (Labov 2007; Tagliamonte and Denis 2014).
Areal microvariation in German-speaking urban areas (Ruhr Area, Berlin, and Vienna)
Authors: Pröll Simon , Elspaß Stephan , Pickl Simon
Published: November 2021

This chapter focuses on spatial and social variation in the colloquial everyday speech of three German-speaking urban areas. The basic question is whether geographical variation (the kind that is commonly observed in studies on dialect variation in large areas) is detectable in the reported everyday speech of the spatially much smaller, yet denser urban areas as well. To this end, we use methods of quantitative dialectology to examine the patterns of variation in the Ruhr Area, Berlin, and Vienna. The respective analyses of the spatial patterns of 245 linguistic variables from a total number of 4,251 informants yield clear – but remarkably distinct – patterns of areal variation for each of these three urban areas. To account for those differences, social variables are factored in.
East African cassava mosaic virus. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: November 2021

A new distribution map is provided for East African cassava mosaic virus (Geplafuvirales: Geminiviridae: Begomovirus). Host: cassava (
Manihot esculenta
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Angola, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eswatini, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mayotte, Mozambique, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zanzibar, Togo, Uganda and Zambia).
Hoplolaimus indicus
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: November 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Hoplolaimus indicus
Sher (Chromadorea: Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae). Hosts: polyphagous. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Libya) and Asia (Bangladesh, China, Fujian, India, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Iran, Nepal and Pakistan).
CEP97 phosphorylation by Dyrk1a is critical for centriole separation during multiciliogenesis
Authors: Lee Moonsup , Nagashima Kunio , Yoon Jaeho , Sun Jian , Wang Ziqiu , Carpenter Christina , Lee Hyun-Kyung , Hwang Yoo-Seok , Westlake Christopher J. , Daar Ira O.
Published: November 2021

Proper cilia formation in multiciliated cells (MCCs) is necessary for appropriate embryonic development and homeostasis. Multicilia share many structural characteristics with monocilia and primary cilia, but there are still significant gaps in our understanding of the regulation of multiciliogenesis. Using the Xenopus embryo, we show that CEP97, which is known as a negative regulator of primary cilia formation, interacts with dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1a) to modulate multiciliogenesis. We show that Dyrk1a phosphorylates CEP97, which in turn promotes the recruitment of Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), which is a critical regulator of MCC maturation that functions to enhance centriole disengagement in cooperation with the enzyme Separase. Knockdown of either CEP97 or Dyrk1a disrupts cilia formation and centriole disengagement in MCCs, but this defect is rescued by overexpression of Separase. Thus, our study reveals that Dyrk1a and CEP97 coordinate with Plk1 to promote Separase function to properly form multicilia in vertebrate MCCs.
Kottler spacetime in isotropic static coordinates
Authors: Solanki R
Published: November 2021

The Kottler spacetime in isotropic coordinates is known where the metric is time-dependent. In this paper, the Kottler spacetime is given in isotropic static coordinates (i.e. the metric components are time-independent). The metric is found in terms of the Jacobian elliptic functions through coordinate transformations from the Schwarzschild–(anti-)de Sitter metric. In canonical coordinates, it is known that the unparameterized spatially projected null geodesics of the Kottler and Schwarzschild spacetimes coincide. We show that in isotropic static coordinates, the refractive indices of Kottler and Schwarzschild are not proportional, yielding spatially projected null geodesics that are different.
Wilberforce pendulum: modelling linearly damped coupled oscillations of a spring-mass system
Authors: Uy Robert Frederik , Yuan Chenghao , Chai Zhengshan , Khor Justin
Published: November 2021

The Wilberforce pendulum is a coupled spring-mass system, where a mass with adjustable moment of inertia is suspended from a helical spring. Energy is converted between the translational and torsional modes, and this energy conversion is most clearly observed at resonance, which occurs when the damped natural frequencies of the two oscillation modes are equal. A theoretical model—with energy losses due to viscous damping proportional to velocity accounted for—was formulated using the Lagrangian formalism to predict the pendulum mass’ trajectory. Theoretical predictions were compared with experimental data, showing good agreement. Fourier analysis of both theoretical predictions and experimental data further corroborate the validity of our quantitative model. The dependence of oscillation features like beat frequency and maximum conversion amplitude on relevant parameters such as the initial vertical displacement, initial angular displacement and moment of inertia was also investigated and experimentally verified.
Topical review: pathways toward cost-effective single-junction III–V solar cells
Authors: Raj Vidur , Haggren Tuomas , Wong Wei Wen , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati
Published: November 2021

III–V semiconductors such as InP and GaAs are direct bandgap semiconductors with significantly higher absorption compared to silicon. The high absorption allows for the fabrication of thin/ultra-thin solar cells, which in turn permits for the realization of lightweight, flexible, and highly efficient solar cells that can be used in many applications where rigidity and weight are an issue, such as electric vehicles, the internet of things, space technologies, remote lighting, portable electronics, etc. However, their cost is significantly higher than silicon solar cells, making them restrictive for widespread applications. Nonetheless, they remain pivotal for the continuous development of photovoltaics. Therefore, there has been a continuous worldwide effort to reduce the cost of III–V solar cells substantially. This topical review summarises current research efforts in III–V growth and device fabrication to overcome the cost barriers of III–V solar cells. We start the review with a cost analysis of the current state-of-art III–V solar cells followed by a subsequent discussion on low-cost growth techniques, substrate reuse, and emerging device technologies. We conclude the review emphasizing that to substantially reduce the cost-related challenges of III–V photovoltaics, low-cost growth technologies need to be combined synergistically with new substrate reuse techniques and innovative device designs.
Quantum transmission through the n-p-n heterojunction of massive 8-Pmmn borophene
Authors: Yu Guo-Na , Yi Guang-Yu , Cui Wei-Bin , Zhang Lian-Lian , Li Xue-Si , Gong Wei-Jiang
Published: November 2021

We investigate the quantum transmission through the n-p-n heterojunction of massive 8-Pmmn borophene. It is found that the Dirac mass of the electron interacts nontrivially with the anisotropy of the 8-Pmmn borophene, leading to the occurrence of new transmission behaviors in this n-p-n heterojunction. Firstly, the effective energy range of nonzero transmission can be reduced but deviates from the mass amplitude, which induces the further controllability of the transmission property. Secondly, even if the equal-energy surfaces in the p and n parts do not encounter in the k-space, finite transmission is allowed to occur as well. In addition, the existence of Dirac mass can change the reflection manner from the retroreflection to the specular reflection under appropriate conditions. The findings in this work can be helpful in describing the quantum transport properties of the heterojunction based on 8-Pmmn borophene.
Functionalized tellurene; a candidate large-gap 2D topological insulator
Authors: Sattigeri Raghottam M , Jha Prafulla K
Published: November 2021

The discovery of group IV and V elemental xene’s with topologically non-trivial characters in their honeycomb lattice structure (HLS) has led to extensive efforts in realising analogous behaviour in group VI elemental monolayers. Theoretically; it was concluded that, group VI elemental monolayers cannot exist in HLS. However, some recent experimental evidence suggests that group VI elemental monolayers can be realised in HLS. In this letter, we report HLS of group VI elemental monolayer (such as, tellurene) can be realised to be dynamically stable when functionzalised with oxygen. The functionalization leads to, peculiar orbital filtering effects and broken spatial inversion symmetry which gives rise to the non-trivial topological character. The exotic quantum behaviour of this system is characterized by, spin–orbit coupling induced large-gap (≈0.36 eV) with isolated Dirac cone along the edges indicating potential room temperature spin-transport applications. Further investigations of spin Hall conductivity and the Berry curvatures unravel high conductivity as compared to previously explored xene’s alongside the potential valley Hall effects. The non-trivial topological character is quantified in terms of the

Z

2

invariant as ν = 1 and Chern number C = 1. Also, for practical purposes, we report that, hBN/TeO/hBN quantum-wells can be strain engineered to realize a sizeable non-trivial gap (≈0.11 eV). We finally conclude that, functionalization of group VI elemental monolayer with oxygen gives rise to, exotic quantum properties which are robust against surface oxidation and degradations while providing viable electronic degrees of freedom for spintronic/valleytronic applications.
Tailoring atomic 1T phase CrTe2 for in situ fabrication
Authors: Wang Chaolun , Zou Qiran , Cheng Zhiheng , Chen Jietao , Luo Chen , Liang Fang , Cai Chunhua , Bi Hengchang , Lian Xiaocong , Ji Xiangyang , Zhang Qiubo , Sun Litao , Wu Xing
Published: November 2021

Controllable tailoring and understanding the phase-structure relationship of the 1T phase two-dimensional (2D) materials are critical for their applications in nanodevices. The in situ transmission electron microscope (TEM) could regulate and monitor the evolution process of the nanostructure of 2D material with atomic resolution. In this work, a controllably tailoring 1T-CrTe2 nanopore is carried out by the in situ TEM. A preferred formation of the 1T-CrTe2 border structure and nanopore healing process are studied at the atomic scale. The controllable tailoring of the 1T phase nanopore could be achieved by regulating the transformation of two types of low indices of crystal faces {

10

1

¯

0

} and {

11

2

¯

0

} at the nanopore border. Machine learning is applied to automatically process the TEM images with high efficiency. By adopting the deep-learning-based image segmentation method and augmenting the TEM images specifically, the nanopore of the TEM image could be automatically identified and the evaluation result of DICE metric reaches 93.17% on test set. This work presents the unique structure evolution of 1T phase 2D material and the computer aided high efficiency TEM data analysis based on deep learning. The techniques applied in this work could be generalized to other materials for controlled nanostructure regulation and automatic TEM image analyzation.
Dynamics and stability of skyrmions in a bent nano-beam
Authors: Zhong Anruo , Lan Xiaoming , Hu Yangfan , Wang Biao
Published: November 2021

Magnetic skyrmions are attracting much attention due to their nontrivial topology and high mobility to electric current. Nevertheless, suppression of the skyrmion Hall effect and maintaining high velocity of skyrmions with low energy cost are two major challenges concerning skyrmion-based spintronic devices. Here we show theoretically that in a nano-beam suffering appropriate bending moment, both Bloch-type and Néel-type skyrmions move with a vanishing Hall angle under a current density smaller than that required when the bending is absent. Moreover, bending alone can be used to move skyrmions, whose velocity is solved analytically from the Thiele equation. Generally speaking, inhomogeneous elastic fields affect the stability and dynamics of skyrmions, where the local stability is dominantly determined by the local bulk stress. These findings throw new light on how to drive skyrmions in a straight line with lower energy cost, which is vital for utilizing skyrmions as information carriers.
The potential of river discharge at the peak of the dry season in some disaster-prone area of Merapi Volcano
Authors: Kharisma  , Prasetyo MB , Rosa AF , Fitrianingrum I , Wardoyo MAI , Ashari A
Published: November 2021

With a high level of volcanic activity and many people living in the disaster-prone area, sustainable disaster management in the Merapi Volcano area is still very much needed in the future. One of the needs in building disaster management is ensuring water resources available during the pre-eruption period. So far, springs are the primary source of water that has been widely used by residents in the volcanic foothills, which are prone to eruption disasters. However, at the time of the eruption, many springs were not functioning so that alternative water sources were needed. River water can be an alternative water source, and a study of river water's potential is required to ensure its feasibility. This study was conducted on the south to the southwest side of Merapi Volcano to analyze the quantity and quality of river water as an alternative water source. Data collected through observation, literature study, and document search. Data analysis performed using descriptive analysis, matching analysis, and statistical analysis using independent sample t-test and simple linear regression. The study results show that seven rivers in the south to the southwest slope can be used as water sources because they are not lava flows. These rivers have varying discharge and water quality. There is no difference in discharge and water quality between the top and the bottom of the volcano foot. When dry season is on the peak, three rivers have no flow because some springs locations are at the volcano's bottom. Overall, based on these findings, it can be emphasized that the use of water sources is needed to do at the closest point to the evacuation barracks. However, a water treatment installation needs to be provided in the evacuation barracks so that the river water is suitable for consumption.
Geomorphological hazard at some area of the Outer Dieng Volcanic Complex post explosive eruption era
Authors: Wardoyo M A I , Prayuda R , Susena Y , Baradi F A W , Ashari A , Imamah L F
Published: November 2021

Dieng area as an important and productive area needs the support of various aspects in encouraging regional growth and development. This region also has been experiences many disasters year by year. Disasters due to volcanism are events that cause many losses, especially casualties in the past. Discussions about potential disasters in the Dieng area should not only be limited to volcanism and earthquakes as hazards caused by endogenous processes. The Dieng area is an old landscape. As an old landscape that is heavily influenced by exogenous factors from a wet tropical climate, other potential hazards in the form of geomorphological hazards also need attention. In fact, there are some geomorphological hazards that occur due to the complexity of the landforms of this area, there are various processes that often occur such as mass movement and erosion and these processes usually have a negative impact on social and economic life. This paper aims to analyze the various types and levels of geomorphological hazards that exist outside of the Dieng Volcanic Complex. This region has experienced major eruptions in the past. At present, in the post-explosive era, it is necessary to know whether geomorphological hazards are limited to eruptions or if other hazards are a bigger threat. The terrain survey method or geomorphological survey is a field observation method used to achieve research objectives. The interpretation of remote sensing images, literature research, and documentation provides support in the form of additional data to complement the primary data from the observation. The results obtained show that the area of the Dieng Volcanic Complex after the explosive eruption era, which is largely composed of volcanic landforms, which physically dominates the denudation process. The denudation process is what causes mass movement and erosion to emphasize that there is a very high potential geomorphological hazard in this research location. This research area is also a productive agricultural production area. Although it cannot be separated from criticism because of its negative impact on the environment, because in the use and management of land carried out by the community it affects mass movement and erosion. Therefore, information on geomorphological hazards is very important to be provided and updated continuously in the interest of ensuring effective and sustainable disaster management.
Tsunami Vulnerability Assessment and Its Implications for Disaster Risk Management in the coastal area of Purworejo Regency
Authors: Tanasiva  , Muryani Chatarina , Wijiyanti Pipit
Published: November 2021

Tsunamis are disasters with unpredictable events, but the occurrence of tsunamis in Indonesia always has a significant impact on every sector of life, especially the economy and society. The position of the Indonesian State, which is located in the subduction zones as well as the increasing human activity in coastal areas, are the factors that trigger the tsunami, which is accompanied by losses and damages. One of them is Purworejo Regency, which is directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean. Vulnerability assessment is the focus of this paper. This study uses a quantitative analysis approach with analytical methods in the form of scoring analysis. Weighted cell-based data processing is the main cog in vulnerability assessment. The combination of economic and social parameters creates a vulnerability. Financial vulnerability is measured based on GRDP and productive land, while social vulnerability is estimated based on population density and vulnerable communities. The vulnerability analysis results are in the form of total vulnerability level in the medium class, the level of economic vulnerability in the low, quality, and social vulnerability in the medium class associated with the implication of disaster risk management.
The Effect of Google Earth-Assisted Remote Sensing Learning on Students ’Spatial Thinking Ability in Solving Disaster Mitigation Problems
Authors: Hadi Bambang Syaeful , Mukminan  , Muhsinatun Siasah M , Sariyono Kimpul E.
Published: November 2021

Spatial thinking ability (STA) have an important role in the study of geography which is currently supported by many geospatial technologies. Remote sensing learning has a strategic position to support the formation of student STA. This study aims to (1) test the effectiveness of Google Earth-assisted remote sensing learning on students' spatial thinking skills to solve the disaster mitigation problems, and (2) examine the relationship between STA students and remote sensing learning achievements. This study uses a quasi-experimental design. The subjects in this study were students of the Department of Geography Education. Subjects were treated as remote sensing learning with the help of dynamic imagery in Google Earth. The experimental and control classes used are geography education students who are taking remote sensing courses. Data collection is done by the test method. The test instrument was in the form of multiple-choice questions developed based on the STA concept proposed by Gresmehl & Gresmehl. Data analysis techniques to test hypotheses are t-test and Pearson product-moment correlation. The expected results of the research are Google Earth-assisted remote sensing learning is effective for improving student STA in solving disaster mitigation problems. This can be seen from the test results that show the coefficient t = 30.187 with degrees sig = 0,000. There is a positive and significant relationship between STA students with remote sensing learning achievement. This can be seen from the high significance coefficient.
A Flood Damage and Shelter Need Assessment: A Case Study of Mueang Sing Buri, Thailand
Authors: Manawongcharoen Pattaramone , Panbamrungkij Thitirat
Published: November 2021

Flooding is one of the main disasters in Thailand and Mueang Sing Buri is among those areas hit. Located on the Chao Phraya River Basin, in the central region of Thailand, the area receives a large amount of runoff during monsoon seasons which causes frequent flood disasters. The aims of this research are to create a flood hazard map and to estimate the number of people that may need shelter after the occurrence of a flood, and to evaluate whether the shelter capacity is adequate in Mueang Sing Buri. To explore the potential locations of emergency shelters, the relevant information related to flooding was initially recorded, such as building detail, flood depth, elevation map, and flood risk map. The available space of each building varies by the characteristics of building types. The calculation of shelter capacity thus depends on characteristics of the buildings, accessibility, and percent of vacant area. The emergency shelter assessment benefits many sectors in the design of preparation plans for hazard management.
Impact of Optical Aerosol Depth (AOD) on Light Pollution Level: a spatio-temporal analysis
Authors: Ayudyanti Amalia Gita , Hidayati Iswari Nur
Published: November 2021

Population dynamics and economical, also industrial, in Indonesia are growth as it increasing every years. It brings an environmental problems unconsciously. Increasing the amount of aerosol optical depth (AOD) has a considerable impact, one of them is light pollution increase due to uncontrolled scattering of particles in urban areas. Light pollution is a new problem, it can disturb the balance of the ecosystem. Increasing light pollution on trophosperic surface on the earth can cause the functional damage of natural light in the sky in providing guidance for animal noctural animals and human health. The consequence are emergencing problems with ecosystem imbalances that can be a new disasters in the future. Identification of the impact of increasing AOD with light pollution needs to be known to maintain the balance of the ecosystem in the future. Remote sensing has an effective, efficient and able to provide actual data on this problem. MODIS imagery was used as AOD and VIIRS DNB data sources were used for multi-temporal light pollution data in 2014, 2016 and 2018. Both data were then performed correlation tests using Rank Spearment methods and obtained very strong results, 0.8-1. The higher AOD in urban areas, the higher the level of light pollution in the region. Java and Bali have high AOD levels accompanied by high light pollution.
Community Preparedness for Tsunami Hazard in Galur District, Kulon Progo Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta
Authors: Surindar A B , Nurhadi
Published: November 2021

Kulon Progo Regency is a tsunami-prone area, including on the coast of the Galur District, because it coordinates with the Indian Ocean, the meeting point for two active tectonic plates. This study aims to see: (1) the level of community preparedness in facing the tsunami hazard in Galur District, and (2) the community's efforts to improve preparedness to face the tsunami hazard in Galur District. This research is a quantitative descriptive. The population in this study are all head of family in the three villages, which are Karang Sewu Village, Banaran Village, and Kranggan Village, totaling 4483 head of family. The sample in this study is calculated using the Slovin formula with an error rate of 10% resulting in a total sample of 98 head of family. The sampling technique used is proportional random sampling. Data collection is carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. The collected data is then presented in a frequency distribution table. The data analysis used in this research is quantitative and qualitative descriptive. The results showed: (1) the level of community preparedness in Galur District to face a tsunami hazard was in the "ready" category (53.1%). Meanwhile, the category for the parameter of preparedness, namely parameter of disaster knowledge, was in the "ready" category (46.9%). The emergency response plan parameter was in the “full ready” category (40.8%). The early warning system parameter was in the “full ready” category (61.2%). The parameter of the ability to mobilize resources was in the "ready enough" category (34.7%). (2) Efforts that have been made by the community in Galur District in improving preparedness to face tsunami hazards, include: holding outreach and disaster simulations; establishment of the Forum of Disaster Risk Mitigation (FPRB); installation of Early Warning System (EWS) tower; installation of evacuation routes and determination of temporary and final gathering points.
Strategy analysis of extension of performance in transfer of livestock technology innovation for farmer empowerment
Authors: Abdullah Agustina , Mustabi Jamila , Asnawi Aslina , Jamil Muh Hatta
Published: November 2021

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic is still widespread and needs to be watched out for. In government policies that implement the new normal in several places, agricultural extension workers play a very important strategic role in responding to the pandemic, especially in rural areas. This study aims to analyze the performance strategy of extension workers in assisting farmers during the pandemic in disseminating information on livestock technology innovations. The research was conducted in Barru Regency, with the sub-district location being the sample. Sources of data in this study were collected using surveys/interviews with extension workers, farmers, stakeholders, and in-depth interviews with informants. The results show that the performance strategy that can be taken in improving the performance of the extension worker in the transfer of livestock technology innovation is by increasing the competence of the instructor in the guidance carried out to overcome various problems during the implementation of the extension program and improve innovation, communication and extension methods according to the needs of farmers and support from government agencies. Therefore, it is expected to improve the performance of agricultural extension workers by increasing the extension budget and improving extension facilities and infrastructure so that farmers can adopt agricultural/livestock technology innovations provided by extension workers to increase livestock productivity, increase farmer income and welfare.
RAPD primer screening as a preliminary study to analyze the genetic diversity of Citrus spp. in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Tuwo M , Kuswinanti T , Nasruddin A , Tambaru E
Published: November 2021

The typical citrus germplasm collection in South Sulawesi has not been thoroughly characterized, especially in several citrus development centers, which have begun to be promoted again after the decline in productivity due to CVPD infection. The study of citrus diversity is very important to support future citrus breeding programs. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) has been widely used for the analysis of genetic diversity among species in populations. In this study, 23 RAPD primers were used on Citrus cultivated in Selayar and Pangkep Regencies, which are citrus development areas in South Sulawesi. A total of 19 primers (OPA-05, OPA-09, OPA-17, OPC-09, OPC-17, OPE-04, OPH-04, OPH-15, OPN-14, 0PN-16, OPR-08, OPR-20, OPW-06, OPW-09, OPX-07, OPX-11, OPX-17, UBC-18, and UBC-51) can form polymorphic bands in randomly selected DNA samples. Monomorphic bands were formed by OPA-12 and OPD-07 primer in 12 samples. The primers OPX-13 and OPX-16 produced unclear bands. These 19 primers can be used to amplify DNA and determine the genetic diversity of Citrus in further analysis.
Contribution of agroforestry on farmers’ income in Mapilli Polewali Subdistrict, West Sulawesi Province
Authors: Hardiyanti  , Umar Anwar , Makkarennu  , Millang Syamsuddin , Putranto Beta
Published: November 2021

Changes in land use from forests into agricultural land raises many problems such as land to be limited so that people use agroforestry patterns as sources of income. This study aims to determine the pattern of agroforestry management and calculate the contribution of agroforestry to the total income of farmers. This research is located in Landi Kanusuang Village, Mapilli Polewali District, West Sulawesi. The method of data was done thought using purposive sampling on 30 respondents and making a plot sample size of 20mx50m as much as 10 plots. Data is processed and analyzed with descriptive and quantitative methods. The results showed that the composition of the type of agroforestry system consists of 8 types of plants with agroforestry system where the vertical structure of the agroforestry garden stands 3 strata. Strata A with a height of > 15 m, Strata B with a height of 5-15 m and strata C with a height of 1-5 m. In addition, the average income was Rp. 18,831,743.743/year with agroforestry contribution to the total income of farmers of 76.14%.
Identification of sago land and its potential for development in the Coastal Area of North Luwu Regency
Authors: Kamma W A , Rampisela D A , Rasyid B
Published: November 2021

Indonesia is the largest sago producer in the world. The existence of sago as a source of food in Indonesia does not show an increased area of plant growing, instead, it tends to shrink from year to year. Only areas along the coast did not have significant land-use change due to limited soil characteristics for the cultivation of other types of plants, namely soil characteristics that are often waterlogged for months. The coastal area of North Luwu Regency is the area with the largest sago planting area in South Sulawesi. This makes sago a potential plant to be developed in the coastal area of North Luwu. This research aims to produce data on the characteristics of sago land and its development potential in the coastal area of the North Luwu Regency. The method was carried out in the form of collecting the list of coastal villages in North Luwu from Badan Pusat Statistik data and image data, then conducting field verification, analyzing the physical and chemical properties of soil and water, and conducting interviews to determine the potential for sago development based on the production of sago plants. The results of this research indicate that the land characteristics in the coastal area of North Luwu are very suitable for sago plants because they represented a high yield of wet sago starch production which reaches more than 250 kg/tree. It can be concluded that the characteristics of sago land in the coastal area of North Luwu Regency are very suitable for sago plants because they can grow and produce very well.
Plant diversity in agroforestry system and its traditional use by three different ethnics in Central Sulawesi Indonesia
Authors: Pitopang Ramadanil , Atmoko Agung Tri , Yusran  , Wardah  , Mertosono Sudarkam R. , Ramawangsa Panji Anom
Published: November 2021

This paper discusses the result of the study on plant diversity in the Agroforestry system and its traditional uses by the three different ethnicities in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The basic data of traditional plants used by each of the ethnic groups in the research site wer collected through an in-depth interview initiated by an informed consent using a questionnaire containing open-ended questions—fifty (50) respondents from each of the ethnic groups representing different jobs. The result showed that the highest number of plant species was found in research site B, bu the highest number of individual plants was noted in research site A. The highest Important Value Index (IVI) of tree, poles, sapling a,nd seedling level of plant species differed among the three research sites. When viewed from the perspective of traditional plant use, the highest ICS of plants utilized by the three ethnics was “coconut” (Cocos Nucifera L). The number ofthe utiliplantslant was different among the three ethnics. Tao Taa Wana people have utilized about 43 plant species, 27 of which were used for medicines, 20 for foods, 2 for natural dying, 18 for fuels, 6 for building materials, 5 for ritraditionaluonal ceremonies. In research site B (Singkoyo), 52 plant spe es have been extensively used by Javanese people for a wide range of culturally related activities, 28 species were used as medicine, 32 for food, 17 for fuel, 7 for building materials, and 10 for ornaments. Unlikely, in site C (Mentawa, 39 plant species were used traditionally by Balinese people; 18 of which were used for medicines, 18 for food, and 13 for ritual ceremonies).