bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Astronomy Education Research: Impact and Future Directions
Authors: Bretones Paulo S.
Published: February 2019

The goal of this talk is to reflect about the achievements and challenges in Astronomy Education Research (AER). First, the answers given to questions asked of members of the IAU Division C’s Commission 1 and Working Group on Theory and Methods in Astronomy Education are discussed. Next, the goals of astronomy teaching are discussed considering content, methods, levels, resources and purposes. Given the demands and complexity of education today and the role of astronomy in this context, the potential of education research is also evaluated, taking into account knowledge, practices, policies and the training of teachers. Finally, graduate studies are encouraged, new lines of research, and surveys to identify and advertise the dispersed AE literature seeking to raise the visibility of authors and institutions are suggested. Much of the work already performed remains unknown to astronomers, because they belong to a different area of theoretical and methodological framework, and because it occurs in specific different contexts of production, culture, curriculum, materials and application. Moreover, advertising AER in universities and schools to professors and teachers should consolidate this community and establish links between astronomers and educators in general, allowing future collaborations.
The impact of teaching computational astronomy on the development of students' computer skills
Authors: Boldea Afrodita L.
Published: February 2019

Some blended methods of teaching-learning were successfully used in teaching the astronomy and astrometry of asteroids to students in Computer Sciences at the University of Craiova, using real astronomical data about celestial objects from our Solar System, obtained from the Astronomical Observatory Isaac Newton (La Palma, Spain). The students were asked to develop some small scripts in order to facilitate the detection and the analysis of data for new discovered asteroids, a request that improved their capacities to understand and apply various modern concepts of Computer Graphics, Data Base and Web design. This approach to learning brings new challenges for the students, new opportunities for the process of professional training in Computer Sciences and provided good result in very short term, the students acquiring very fast the necessary skills to approach both the professional level of Web programming and the modern research area of Computational Astronomy.
Pursuing gender equality in Astronomy in basic education: the case of the project “Girls in the Museum of Astronomy and Related Sciences”
Authors: Benitez-Herrera Sandra , Spinelli Patrícia F. , Mano Sonia , Paula Germano Ana
Published: February 2019

It is well known that the number of women in scientific careers is significantly lower than the number of men, especially in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) areas. Considering that science should be used for the benefit of all, by excluding women from the production process of scientific knowledge, we are giving up of 50% of the intellectual capacity to different science fields. Thus, the Museum of Astronomy and Related Sciences, whose mission is to expand society's access to scientific knowledge, promotes the project "Girls in the Museum", aimed at the continuous education of seven high-school female students in topics of astronomy with the goal of stimulating them into liking science. Concurrently with the project, interviews were conducted to evaluate the initiative according to the participants' perspectives, as well as to understand their perceptions about science prior and after six months of the project. We found that the participants were satisfied with the format and content of the project, comprised of theoretical talks and practical workshops. The resulting discourses show that they now view science as something closer to their lives and are more confident to promote scientific discussions. These results show the importance of providing young females with role models they can look up, especially at the age when they are about to make decisions concerning their future career.
Study of convective heat transfer in flat plate solar collectors
Authors: Amirgaliyev Yedilkhan , Kunelbayev Murat , Kalizhanova Aliya , Amirgaliyev Beibut , Kozbakova Ainur , Auelbekov Omirlan , Kataev Nazbek
Published: February 2019

The paper herein considers the study of convective heat transfer in flat plate solar collectors, as it is seen from the analysis on research of the heat transfer by a circular and flat tubes upon conforming the forced and free convections, placed vertically or horizontally with various liquid flow directions. There have been obtained Nusselt criterion dependencies in circular and flat pipes, which shows that corresponding equations allow defining the heat transfer intensity for all fluids with appropriate accuracy. As well there has been studied Prandtl criterion for fluids, which plays an important role in points spacing as regard to the curve. In each case the lines are with a tip 1/3, as in the research herein only the laminar conditions have been considered.
Counting and locating people in outdoor environments: a comparative experimental study using WiFi-based passive methods
Authors: Guillen-Perez Antonio , Cano Maria-Dolores
Published: February 2019

WiFi-based passive methods are becoming a common tool to count, estimate, and/or locate people. One area of applicability is the development of intelligent control system for traffic management in urban areas, so that these systems are able to take into account not only vehicles’ behaviors but also pedestrians’, as important actors in the road scenario. In this work, we present the performance evaluation in terms of accuracy of a WiFi-based passive method used to identify pedestrians, classify them as moving pedestrians or static pedestrians, and for the latter, to locate them in a traffic intersection. The proposed algorithm is implemented in a low-cost development board and tested through several experiments in a real outdoor scenario. Our proposal is compared with several classic Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, specifically with Binary Logistic Regression, Support Vector Classification, Gaussian Naive Bayes, Random Forest, andk-Nearest Neighbors. Results show that despite the simplicity of our method, the outcomes are similar or better than most of the ML techniques, without the expected complexity or computational requirements that the latter required.
Spectrum of continuous two-contours system
Authors: Tatashev Alexander G. , Yashina Marina V.
Published: February 2019

A deterministic continuous dynamical system is considered. This system contains two contours. The length of theith contour equalsci,i= 1, 2. There is a moving segment (cluster) on each contour. The length of the cluster, located on theith contour, equalsli,i= 1, 2. If a cluster moves without delays, then the velocity of the cluster is equal to 1. There is a common point (node) of the contours. Clusters cannot cross the node simultaneously, and therefore delays of clusters occur. A set of repeating system states is called a spectral cycle. Spectral cycles and values of average velocities of clusters have been found. The system belongs to a class of contour systems. This class of dynamical systems has been introduced and studied by A.P. Buslaev.
Preliminary design of aeroelastically tailored wing box structures with bend-twist coupling
Authors: Mihaila-Andres Mihai , Rosu Paul-Virgil , Larco Ciprian , Demsa Maria , Constantin Lucian , Pahonie Radu
Published: February 2019

Nowadays the composite materials have become the materials of choice to be used in the new aerospace structures that need to be not only larger and larger in size but also to be better performing in terms of aeroelastic responses inherent to thin-walled, slender structures. The advantage of composite materials airframes stems from their low structural weight which determines lower fuel consumption while preserving at the same time the airworthiness of the designed aircraft. But more important than the fuel consumption, the composite materials allow for the optimal tailoring of its layers in terms of specific design objectives. The paper presents such an aeroelastically tailored load carrying wing model which can passively control specific aeroelastic effects. The article focuses on the bend-twist coupling of the structural response to aerodynamic forces and on the parameter estimation/model updating techniques used to characterize the finite element model of the composite wing. Results are compared and validated with analytical, numerical and experimental data available in published literature.
Modeling and simulation of transients in electric power systems using hybrid system theory
Authors: Shornikov Yury , Popov Evgeny
Published: February 2019

Transients in electric power systems are of great interest to power engineers when designing a new or maintaining an existing system. The paper deals with using hybrid system theory for modeling and simulation of an electric power system with controllers. The presented technique is rather convenient and recommended as mathematical models of transients in electric power systems with controllers in general contain both continuous and discrete components. The modeling and simulation were carried out in the modeling and simulation environment ISMA, which is briefly presented in the paper.
Exploration on Campus Network Construction Mechanism and Application Mode
Authors: Chen Zhongbao
Published: February 2019

In recent years, accelerating the process of educational informationization and comprehensively promoting the informatization level and connotative development of educational institutions have been put forward in the National Medium and Long Term Plan for Education Reform and Development (2010-2020). Based on extensive research and repeated argumentation, this paper aims to provide corresponding solutions to the problems existing in the current network structure. On the basis of present situation, this paper puts forward the construction objectives and key contents according to the guideline, that is, overall planning and step-by-step implementation. In order to achieve the expected goals and get satisfied results, the construction mainly includes six parts --the construction of basic hardware platform, application software service platform, high-quality education and teaching resources, security system, operation and maintenance system and information-based team.
Comparative Analysis of Infrastructure and Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks
Authors: Li Shanna
Published: February 2019

The paper introduces the difference between infrastructure and ad hoc mode in the 802.11 Wi-Fi framework. We evaluate and compare the performance of ad hoc versus infrastructure through a series of experiments. We evaluate the performance depending of the mobility of the nodes and range of the area covered by the nodes.
A Brief Review on Safety Strategies of Physical Human-robot Interaction
Authors: Wang Nana , Zeng Yi , Geng Jie
Published: February 2019

Nowadays, intelligent robotics are found in many places and always seem to be growing in complexity. The need to consider the human-robot interaction was further motivated by a growing number of collisions occurred among humans and robotics. The potential accidents need to be concerned and addressed urgently. This paper briefly reviewed some relevant researches on physical Human-robot Interactions, especially for the safety strategy issues. The suggestion to solve the physical Human-robot Interaction safety issues has been also proposed given to the review works.
Study on SDN Technology Based on OpenFlow and Its Application Prospect
Authors: Chen Yanhong , Zhang Peng , Zhou Shuhua
Published: February 2019

Openflow-based SDN separates the control plane of the network from the data plane of the switch and router, providing a new idea for the future development of the Internet. This paper starts with the connotation of OpenFlow and SDN, analyzes the key technologies of SDN, and prospects the application prospect of SDN.
Research on Student Management Model of Higher Vocational Colleges Based on Cloud Platform
Authors: Yang Xu
Published: February 2019

This paper analyzes the current situation of higher vocational students and the problems existing in the management of higher vocational students, and puts forward the idea of making use of cloud computing technology to innovate the management of higher vocational students, that is, to construct an interactive system based on the educational cloud platform. To realize the interaction between teachers and students. The construction of student management model based on cloud platform is the requirement of information construction of student management and the reform of talent training mode in higher vocational colleges.
Thinking on the Planning and Design of Environmental Landscape in Qiang Region
Authors: Ye Jundong
Published: February 2019

Based on the analysis of the design of environmental landscape architecture in Qiangzhai Style, it is proposed that the design of landscape architecture should be based on computer-aided design technology. Landscape architecture design integrates many disciplines, and any good building usually includes two aspects of internal and external space design. The design idea is the premise of deciding whether the Qiang landscape architecture design can be done well or not. It needs more understanding of the Qiang architecture, culture and art to do the related design well. Cultural creativity is also an important part of the strategy of Rural Revitalization and the construction of characteristic villages in Qiang nationality areas.
Review of Performance Pay at County Level Public Hospitals
Authors: Gu Shuwei , Yue Qiuying , Wan Xiaowen
Published: February 2019

Performance pay in county-level public hospitals is an important part of the reform of public hospitals, which largely determines the success or failure of the reform of public hospitals. This paper reviews the concept of performance pay, the recognition of hospitals and staff, the main performance pay model, current situation, design principles and ideas in County-level Public hospitals, and provides some reference for future research and reform direction of performance pay in County-level Public hospitals.
A Study on Construction of Brand Image for Cultural Tourism Based on Visual Grammar --- Taking the Brand Image of “Mystery” of Xiangxi as an Example
Authors: Liu Ying
Published: February 2019

With the deep integration development of culture and tourism, cultural tourism brand has become an important factor of core competitiveness. As the brand of cultural tourism of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (hereafter referred to as Xiangxi), “Mystery” represents the core value of Xiangxi’s culture and tourism. The publicity video of Mysterious Xiangxi becomes the important carrier of the “Mystery” brand, playing a vital role in the transmission of brand image. This paper illustrates and analyzes the constructing features of brand image of “Mystery” from dimensions of representation meaning, interactive meaning and composition meaning respectively based on visual grammar, and puts forward some suggestions on it combining with four factors of cultural brand image design.
Research on the Construction Path of Power Financial Market in China under the New Situation of Power Reform
Authors: Fan Menghua , Qu Haoyuan
Published: February 2019

In China, with the deepening of power reform and construction of the electricity spot market, urgent and realistic demands have been put forward for the construction of power financial trading market. In this paper, based on the background of power market construction and current power financial transaction practice, the significance of introducing power financial transaction is analysed and the path for construction of power financial transaction market in China is proposed.
Comparison between conventional shot peening and ultrasonic shot peening
Authors: Manchoul Sondes , Ben Sghaier Rabi , Seddik Rawdha , Fathallah Raouf
Published: February 2019

Shot peening process is a mechanical surface treatment process widely used in the industry. Ultrasonic shot peening and conventional shot peening are two important mechanisms of this process. This work aims at studying and comparing the influence of conventional shot peening and ultrasonic shot peening on the surface characteristics (residual stresses, equivalent plastic deformations, and roughness). Three-dimensional models are established to simulate the two mechanisms by using the finite elements software ABAQUS/PYTHON. The residual stresses distributions, as well as the roughness and the equivalent plastic deformations of the AISI 2205 and the AISI 316L induced by both models, are predicted and compared.
Frakturversorgung der Patella
Authors: Ellwein Alexander , Lill Helmut
Published: February 2019

Die Therapie für Patellafrakturen wird in Abhängigkeit von Klinik und radiologischer Diagnostik gestellt. Frakturen mit einer Gelenkstufe kleiner als 2 mm und erhaltener Streckfähigkeit des Kniegelenkes können konservativ behandelt werden. Die Zuggurtungsosteosynthese stellt eine Standardversorgung dislozierter Querfrakturen dar. Limitationen sind in der unzureichenden Stabilisierung von Mehrfragmentfrakturen sowie der hohen Komplikationsrate zu sehen. Die Schraubenosteosynthese mit mindestens zwei Schrauben ist eine Alternative für Querfrakturen mit niedriger Komplikationsrate. Die Kombination aus kanülierten Schrauben mit additiver Zuggurtung durch die Schrauben vereint die Vorteile beider Verfahren. Trotz der höheren Stabilität bleibt die Versorgung von Mehrfragmentfrakturen eingeschränkt. Moderne winkelstabile Platten ermöglichen durch ihre multiplen Schraubenlöcher eine Versorgung von Mehrfragmentfrakturen. Aufgrund ihrer hohen Stabilität ist eine sofortige Vollbelastung möglich. Erste klinische Ergebnisse sind vielversprechend.
Den ganzen Tag FEUERALARM – doch keiner nimmt ihn ernst – Chronischer Schmerz: Handeln gegen Trägheit
Authors: Käßmair Lisa
Published: February 2019

Bei Menschen mit chronischen Schmerzen ist das körpereigene Alarmsystem im Ausnahmezustand. Sie haben keine Perspektive auf Heilung und werden oft stigmatisiert. Mithilfe des Erweiterungsmanuals „Handeln ermöglichen – Trägheit überwinden“ können die Klienten in der Ergotherapie Betätigung als Schmerzbewältigungsstrategie kennenlernen.
Der BMX-Therapeut
Authors: Baßler Christoph
Published: February 2019

Christoph Baßler ist Ergotherapeut und trainiert seit 2016 ehrenamtlich in einem BMX-Verein Kinder und Jugendliche. Er nutzt seine ergotherapeutischen Kompetenzen, um dieses Hobby auch Kindern mit Beeinträchtigungen zu ermöglichen. Im Interview erzählt er von Inklusion, Ergotherapie und Sport – und wie er all das miteinander verbindet.
Die Bedeutung der HWS für Gleichgewicht und
Sport
Authors: Beinert Konstantin , Brauner Torsten
Published: February 2019

Die Auslöser für Nackenschmerzen kennen viele Sportler: einmal zu hart trainiert,
vom Gegner unsanft zu Fall gebracht – die Ursachen sind vielfältig. Was aber
kaum jemand weiß: Nackenschmerzen können auch die Leistung beinträchtigen. Hier
erfahren Sie, warum das so ist und welche Aspekte beim Training zu beachten
sind.
Gleichgewichtstraining: Transfer auf untrainierte
Aufgaben?
Authors: Kramer Andreas , Giboin Louis-Solal
Published: February 2019

Ist Gleichgewicht eine Fähigkeit oder Fertigkeit? Was muss ich trainieren, damit
ich für kritische Situationen gewappnet bin? Die Autoren entzaubern den Mythos
Gleichgewichtstraining und geben wertvolle Hinweise, wie ein wirkungsvolles
Training zur Vermeidung von Stürzen und Verletzungen gestaltet werden muss.
Neuromuskuläres Training zur Verletzungsprävention im
Kinder- und Jugendsport
Authors: Faude Oliver , Rössler Roland
Published: February 2019

Es besteht kein Zweifel darüber, dass Sport für Kinder gut ist, gerade angesichts
des hohen gesundheitlichen Risikos von Bewegungsmangel. Dass mit dem
Sporttreiben auch das Verletzungsrisiko steigt, ist ebenfalls unbestritten.
Daher ist es umso erfreulicher, dass das Risiko von Sportverletzungen im Kinder-
und Jugendsport mit geeigneten Maßnahmen wirkungsvoll herabgesetzt werden kann.
In dem Artikel erfahren Sie, wie das gelingt.
Neuronale Kontrolle des Gleichgewichts
Authors: Keller Martin , Taube Wolfgang
Published: February 2019

In den letzten Jahren konnten Forscher nachweisen, dass es beim
Gleichgewichtstraining auf spinaler und supraspinaler Ebene zu Anpassungen
kommt. Diese lasse sich gezielt beeinflussen.
15.1 Flow Chemistry in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Part 1
Authors: O’Brien A. G.
Published: February 2019

The use of flow chemistry in the single- and multistep synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients has been well demonstrated. The pharmaceutical industry is now taking the next steps towards integration of flow chemistry into large-scale commercialized processes, which can effectively supply patient populations. This chapter details advances in this area, and outlines the data and knowledge required to select, develop, scale, and commercialize an efficient flow process.
High pressure melting curve of osmium up to 35 GPa
Authors: Patel Nishant N. , Sunder Meenakshi
Published: February 2019

The melting curve of osmium (Os) has been determined up to 35 GPa and 5800 K using a laser heated diamond anvil cell facility. Al2O3 was used as the thermal insulator and pressure transmitting medium. Melting was detected by the laser speckle method, and spectroradiometric technique was employed for determination of melting temperature. The measured melting curve has been compared with available theoretical melting curves. The Simon-Glatzel fit to the experimental data agrees reasonably well with the recently reported theoretical melting curve using Z-method. The melting slope of the measured melting curve is 58.0 K/GPa at P = 0.1 MPa. The melting line of Os is seen to cross that of W around 6 GPa, making it the most refractory metal. The density dependence of Grüneisen parameter [γ(ρ)] has also been determined analytically, using the experimentally obtained melting slope.
Side trips on the road to fusion
Authors: Kramer David
Published: February 2019

A private company pursuing an alternative path to fusion energy is banking on revenues from inventions it makes along the way.
The history of Reviews of Modern Physics
Authors: Starace Anthony F.
Published: February 2019

As specialization increased over the course of the 20th century, the journal sought to keep physicists updated on what was happening in the growing number of subdisciplines.
Progress in superconductivity
Authors: Hebard Arthur , Stewart Gregory
Published: February 2019

One of the subtlest phenomena in physics has been subjected to more than a century of experimental and theoretical investigations.
Tying it all together
Authors: Goldbart Paul M. , Kamien Randall D.
Published: February 2019

Topology has emerged as a crucial and fruitful component of modern physics.
Perception metaphor in English
Authors: Anderson Wendy
Published: February 2019

This chapter offers a perspective on perception metaphor based on the evidence of the recorded language history of English. It draws on the analysis carried out by the “Mapping Metaphor with the Historical Thesaurus” project, which in turn exploits lexicographical evidence representing the English language over a period of more than a millennium. The foundation of the project is the principle that metaphor can be discerned in the lexis shared across semantic fields. The chapter gives an overview of metaphors with either a source or a target in each of the five perception categories and uses examples from the relatively neglected senses, Touch, Taste and Smell, to illustrate the richness and long history of perception metaphors in English.
Sensory experiences, meaning and metaphor
Authors: Caballero Rosario
Published: February 2019

This chapter provides an overview of metaphorical language used to communicate sensory experiences in the context of wine discourse, particularly in the tasting note genre where metaphor provides wine critics with the means to describe what wines feel like in the nose and mouth. Using data from a corpus of tasting notes written in English (2,053 texts and 100,674 words), it examines the language used in the description of wines’ aromas, flavours and mouthfeel in order to better understand the contribution of metaphor in the transfer of the olfactory, gustatory and tactile experiences to readers. The main concern is to explore expressions that cut across sensory modalities, i.e., instantiate synaesthetic metaphor, and point to the possibility of the synaesthetic motivation of a good amount of the language presumably informed by metaphors of the conceptual type.
Grounding mental metaphors in touch
Authors: Trojszczak Marcin
Published: February 2019

This study aims to describe how experiences of tactile properties of physical objects give rise to metaphorical conceptualisations of mind and thought in English and Polish based on linguistic data from the British National Corpus and the National Corpus of Polish. This issue is approached from the perspective of corpus-based cognitive linguistics by combining the Theory of Objectification framework and the methodological tools of corpus linguistics. By analysing a wide range of tactile properties ascribed to the selected mental phenomena in light of the Theory of Objectification, the study aims to demonstrate how active, exploratory, tactile experiences of physical objects’ qualities ground our talk about impalpable cognitive phenomena.
Evidential vindication in next turn
Authors: Kendrick Kobin H.
Published: February 2019

Perception verbs are frequent in conversation across diverse languages and cultures. This chapter presents a case study of a recurrent but previously undocumented use of the perception verb see in everyday English conversation. Using conversation analysis, the chapter explicates the use of “See?” – the verb see produced with rising intonation as a possibly complete turn-constructional unit – as claim of evidential vindication. With “See?” a speaker claims a just prior turn, action, or event as support for a previous assertive action. The analysis demonstrates that the practice exploits two distinct forms of sequence organisation, adjacency pairs and retro-sequences, and reflects on the fit between the perception verb see and the action it implements within this practice.
Sensory perception metaphors in sign languages
Authors: Zeshan Ulrike , Palfreyman Nick
Published: February 2019

In this chapter, we explore perceptual metaphors across a convenience sample of data from 24 sign languages. To do this, the chapter uses the framework of Sign Language Typology, the systematic comparative study of grammatical/semantic domains across sign languages (Zeshan & Palfreyman, 2017). Sign languages differ from spoken languages due to iconic mapping, that is, the tendency for signs of perception to be articulated at or near the sense organs. This is the basis for two types of signs: those with double-stage metaphors have literal and metaphorical lexical meanings, while those with single-stage metaphors lack literal lexical meanings of perception and instead rely on sublexical iconicity. We cover cross-linguistic patterns of metaphorical extensions of meaning in these signs, and the grammaticalisation of a class of prefixes that are associated with sensory perception.
Perception and metaphor
Authors: Kövecses Zoltán
Published: February 2019

The general issue I address in the paper is this: How is the concept of smell linguistically coded in English, as examined from a cognitive linguistic perspective? I break down this larger theoretical issue into three sub-issues: One sub-issue concerns what the lexis of smell in English reveals about the conceptual organisation of smell. What is the conceptual prototype of smell? Another has to do with which lexical items are used from the domain of smell to structure other, more abstract concepts. Indeed, I show, partly based on previous work by others, that there are several conceptual metaphors that involve the concept of smell as their source domain. However, and this is the third sub-issue, I also argue that smell can also occur as a target domain in conceptual metaphors. This possibility presents a challenge to conceptual metaphor theory, which claims that perceptual experiences (and the concepts corresponding to them) are understood in a direct, literal way and that concepts that are not based on perceptual experiences (i.e., are not concrete) are understood figuratively by making use of such direct, literal conceptualisations. I conclude that smell is a fairly richly coded concept in English, but whose degree of “linguistic codability” can only be established relative to counterpart concepts in other languages and relative to other sense modalities in studies conducted by means of the same methodology and cognitive linguistic machinery as employed in the present one.
“But you don’t sound Malay!”
Authors: Hong Sim Jasper
Published: February 2019

This study examined the English accents of English-Malay bilinguals in Singapore to ascertain whether language dominance was a determinant of accent variation in Singapore English, with a hypothesis that a Malay-dominant bilingual would have more ethnic-specific features than an English-dominant one. Ten English-Malay bilinguals – five English-dominant and five Malay-dominant – who differed greatly in their language dominance took part in this study. In an ethnic discriminability task that involved 60 naïve raters, Malay-dominant bilinguals were significantly more often correctly identified as ethnically Malay and were rated as having a significantly more perceivable Malay-accented English accent, while those who were English-dominant had an English accent that lacked ethnic-specific features so much so that naïve raters, including raters who were English-Malay bilinguals, were less able to identify the speakers as ethnically Malay. The results of this study indicate that early sequential bilinguals or simultaneous bilinguals of the same two languages need not have similar accents. The findings also suggest that language dominance is a determinant of accent variation in Singapore English, at least for the English-Malay bilinguals.
Traversing language barriers
Authors: Wojtylak Katarzyna I.
Published: February 2019

The ‘Witoto’ people from Northwest Amazonia practised long distance drum communication, used for relaying messages among their villages. The messages were encoded on a pair of hollowed-out wooden drums, and appear to have been ‘drummed codes’, with only some iconic relation to the sound structure of the spoken language. The practice of drum communication appears to be easily diffusible in contact situations. The Caquetá-Putumayo (C-P) cultural area is a case in point, as the Witoto drums were shared with other C-P groups including the Ocaina, Nonuya, Bora, Muinane, Resígaro, and Andoque. Today, the practice of long distance drum communication among the Witoto has been long gone, with just a handful of elders who are still able to recall some of the (once extensive) drummed signal repertoire.
Engaging publics through climate math
Authors: Na’puti Tiara R. , Pezzullo Phaedra C. , Sprain Leah , Reinig Lydia
Published: February 2019

Energy democracy hopes to foster community engagement and participation in shaping our transition from fossil fuels to a renewable energy-based economy. These considerations result from critiques by environmental justice, climate justice, and just transition advocates. Although many are sympathetic to energy democracy ideals, climate goals often are articulated in math terms. This essay defines the aforementioned key terms and asks: what are the limitations and possibilities of engaging publics when climate action solely is articulated in numbers? A compelling case study is the City of Boulder – recognized as a global leader in climate science and a national leader in innovative environmental planning. This essay shares work from 2016, when the City shared a climate action plan for public feedback, supported several public participation events, and passed climate action legislation goals. We argue a just transition and energy democracy ideals are hindered if we reduce climate goals to math.
“Easy ways to lose weight with pleasure”
Authors: Betti Daiana , Zanini Claudia , Rubinelli Sara
Published: February 2019

Weight-loss efforts have grown more prevalent worldwide. But diets are linked to perception of dissatisfaction,
sacrifice and general reduction of pleasure. This paper examines the hypothesis that commercial diets attract consumers by
presenting argumentation that appeals to and addresses the difficulties experienced while dieting. The objective of this paper is,
therefore, (1) to identify the main promotional strategies in the marketing of commercial diets and (2) to examine if and how the
goal of persuasion prevails over the reasonableness of the advice. This research presented a case-study analysis of 12 commercial
diets popular in the United Kingdom. An analysis of the argumentation in the online marketing of these diets was conducted. The
diets were found to have three distinct features (with or without the endorsement of gurus, with or without the sale of products
and the type of weight-loss method used). The analysis revealed that the most prevalent promotional strategies focused on
characterizing the diet as being effective, healthy, pleasurable, easy and promoted by a prominent nutritional expert.
Additionally, some argumentation structures were observed to contain inconsistent arguments as well as fallacious arguments.
Marketers of commercial diets might appeal to easy ways of losing weight that might be suboptimal to adequately inform consumers’
decision-making. A better focus on information for health promotion is needed to balance the benefits of commercial diets in light
of a realistic view on how to lose weight.
Immersion and emergence in children’s literature
Authors: Stockwell Peter
Published: February 2019

Immersion – the sense of attentional involvement and displacement in a fictional world – has been established as an experiential phenomenon in psychology and psycholinguistics, but little focus has been given to the understanding of the nature of the experience itself, especially in relation to literary texts. Most work on immersion as “cognitive flow” has been produced in relation to multimedia settings such as videogames. This chapter draws on naturalistic, non-experimental reader responses to explore the cognitive poetics of literary immersion. In particular, immersion is addressed as an aspect of the developmental literacy of readers, with reference to the different ways that child-readers and adult-readers cast their minds towards fictional characters and emerge emotionally from fictional worlds.
Framing the narrative
Authors: Igl Natalia
Published: February 2019

Drawing on cognitive linguistic and narratological conceptualisations of “frames” and “framing” (notably Quendler 2008, 2010) and taking up Grishakova’s (2009: 188) notion of frames as “a link between the ‘real-life’ and ‘fictional’ experience”, this chapter aims to elucidate the phenomenon of paratextual framing and in particular the “fictive publisher” frame as a transitional device that can blend fictional storyworlds and extratextual “reality” and thus act as a bridge between the text and the reader. In the context of fantastic literature, this potential of blending can be seen working at its best. By means of an analysis of the multilayered “fictive publisher” frame in the definitive edition of Adelbert von Chamisso’s fantastic Romantic novella The Wonderful History of Peter Schlemihl, the chapter examines the inherent ontological and perspectival ambivalence and shifting capacity of the “fictive publisher” frame. In the course of this, it sheds light on the dynamics of distance and proximity created by the paratextual frame and – in the case of the specific arrangement in Chamisso’s definitive edition – the utilisation of framing strategies and familiarity to appeal to re-readers.
Cognitive grammar and reconstrual
Authors: Harrison Chloe , Nuttall Louise
Published: February 2019

This chapter examines the cognitive and experiential processes of re-reading, and their contribution to the conceptualisation of a fictional world. Fictional worlds are experienced dynamically, and often in multiple sittings, separated by varying lengths of time. While the myriad of contextual factors which distinguish sittings makes re-reading a difficult object of study, this aspect of our natural, everyday encounters with texts is worthy of consideration in stylistic discussion. As a first step in this direction, this chapter demonstrates an awareness of multiple readings, and the distinct experiences they represent, as part of a cognitive stylistic account of textual interpretation.

Firstly, a theoretical account of re-reading is outlined in terms of Cognitive Grammar and, in particular, its concept of construal. This account is demonstrated through analysis of the short story “The Freeze-Dried Groom” from Margaret Atwood’s 2014a collection Stone Mattress. Applying Cognitive Grammar's multidimensional model of construal, and a further process of reconstrual, we make specific predictions concerning readers’ experiences of this story’s fictional world on a first- and second-reading, looking in particular at changing conceptualisations of tone, atmosphere and narrative perspective, and the linguistic processing responsible. Based on this analytical case study, we propose a need for further investigation of texts which surprise readers, or which feature a twist or reveal, and the ways in which information is attended to across multiple readings.
Immersive reading and the unnatural text-worlds of “Dead Fish”
Authors: Norledge Jessica
Published: February 2019

In this chapter I present a Text World Theory analysis of Adam Marek’s emotionally charged dystopian short story, “Dead Fish”, which takes for its focus a possible future world recovering from environmental disaster. Drawing upon naturalistic reader response data in support of my own introspective analysis, I investigate the estranging experience of reading this particular narrative and discuss the readerly process of interpreting its defamiliarising world-building elements. Analytical focus is placed upon the responses of a purpose-built reading group (comprising four postgraduate research students from the University of Sheffield), who compare their conceptualisation of particular entities within the text-world, and reflect upon their understanding of such entities as “unnatural”. Through a combined application of narratological approaches to unnatural narration (Alber and Heinze 2013) and a Text World Theory perspective (Gavins 2007; Werth 1999), I investigate how readers respond to unnatural narration and draw several connections between readerly immersion and the emotional experience of reading unnatural texts.
Bipartite verbs in Japhug and other Trans-Himalayan languages
Authors: Jacques Guillaume
Published: February 2019

This paper presents an overview of bipartite verbs in Japhug and describes related constructions in that language, including compound and serial verbs. Several hypotheses are proposed to account for the genesis of these constructions and the historical relationship between them. Typological comparisons with other languages of the family, including Kiranti and Rawang, are offered to illustrate the specificities of the Japhug constructions.
Anatomy of a grammatical tone
Authors: Tian Mimi
Published: February 2019

“Induced Creaky Tone (ICT)” is a grammatical tone in Burmese. It is the result of a process by which Low or High tone is changed into Creaky tone. This alternation is multifunctional, and one of its functions is possessor marking. This paper demonstrates several well-distinguished conditions of different nature and different domain for this tonal alternation. ICT is primarily induced by syntax, varies due to pragmatic factors, occurs only on the shared right boundary of phrases and stem forms, and its phonological condition has a domain stretching to the left boundary of the prosodic word. A comprehensive account of such conditions provides the basis for a grammatical analysis which tests the theoretical options for representing a tonal morpheme in the morpho-syntactic structure of a sentence. It also sheds light on other issues such as the interfaces between phonology and grammar, and between tonal morphology and tonal syntax.
On relative complementizers and relative pronouns
Authors: Poletto Cecilia , Sanfelici Emanuela
Published: February 2019

This paper explores the syntactic status ofcheand (il)qual(e) relativizers, i.e. what are standardly referred to as relative complementizers and relative pronouns, in Old and Modern Italian and Italian varieties and proposes a unified analysis for both types of items. It takes into account the ongoing debate regarding the categorial status of relativizers (Kayne 1975,2008,2010;Lehmann 1984;Manzini & Savoia 2003,2011, among many others) and aims at showing that what we call complementizers are not C0heads, as commonly assumed. Instead, we propose that both relative “complementizers” and “pronouns” have the same categorial status, i.e. they arewh-items and are part of the relative clause-internal head.
Finite and non-finite complementation, particles and control in Aromanian, compared to other Romance varieties and Albanian
Authors: Manzini Maria Rita , Savoia Leonardo Maria
Published: February 2019

Our Aromanian data come from Diviakë, Libofshë and Fier, three locations close to one another in southern Albania, and from Këllez, also in southern Albania. We argue that the impossibility of embedding sentences directly under V-v (Agree Resistance Theorem) leads to the overall shape of complementation in Romance.Section 2, on finite complementizers, shows that Aromanian supports analyses of complementizers as wh- pronouns independently developed for other Romance languages.Section 3elaborates a proposal originally put forth for Albanian, where the subjunctive particle is identical to the Linker – namely that the main role of subjunctive particles is introducing a variable EPP argument, subject to control.Section 4argues that Prepositional introducers of non-finite sentences amount to an obliquization strategy to circumvent Agree Resistance – as does the nominalization (relativization) strategy ofSection 2(and the predication strategy inSection 3).
Speaker-oriented syntax and root clause complementizers
Authors: Cruschina Silvio , Remberger Eva-Maria
Published: February 2019

The object of study of this paper is a Romance construction characterized by the presence of the complementizer in root clauses and by an evidential or epistemic meaning (i.e.C-constructions). In these structures, the complementizer is preceded by a functional element that morphologically coincides with an adjective or an adverb. From a morphosyntactic viewpoint, we show that these structures are monoclausal and that the epistemic or evidential item preceding the complementizer has undergone a process of grammaticalization becoming a functional element. As for their use and interpretation, we describe their primary semantic meaning, as well as their pragmatic extensions and functions, which involve subjectification and intersubjectivity. We finally propose a syntactic configuration that can account for C-constructions and their properties in the syntax representation. This configuration involves the assumption of a projection – in fact, a set of projections – above ForceP which encode speaker-oriented and pragmatic features (e.g. evaluative, evidential, epistemic values).
Social Participation and Volunteering in Later Life
Authors: Morrow-Howell Nancy , Wang Yi , Amano Takashi
Published: February 2019

Social participation is a key element of a healthy later life; and from a life course perspective, social participation declines in later life, due to separation from employment and educational institutions, loss of partners and friends, and restrictions due to functional limitations. Thus, maintaining and increasing participation has gained attention from researchers, program administrators, and policy developers. The term “social participation” means activities that involve social exchange and choice, and volunteering is consistently included. Personal, behavioral, health and social services, economics, and social and physical environmental factors have been associated with social participation and volunteering. Higher levels of human capital, social capital, and cultural capital have been associated with higher levels of participation; and the built and social environment can facilitate engagement. Studies demonstrate the positive effects of social participation and volunteering on physical, cognitive, and psychological health of older adults. Role theory and concepts of coping as well as cognitive enrichment have been used to explain these positive outcomes.

Volunteering, as a form of social participation, has received much academic attention in the last decade for a few reasons because, more than other social activities, it is altruistic. This feature may increase the health-producing benefits of engagement as well as create good for the community. It is often referred to as creating a “win-win” for the individual and for society.

Individual, group, and community interventions have been developed to increase social participation. However, evidence supporting effectiveness is limited and programs are underutilized. Future directions include wider implementation of interventions and more attention to the role of environment in increasing social participation, the use of technology in social participation, and increased understanding of the pathways through with social participation and volunteering improve well-being in later life.