bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic assisted femoral tunnel drilling for the intra-articular anatomic cranial cruciate ligament reconstruction in dogs
Authors: Böttcher P. , Bolia A.
Published: September 2015

Objective: To develop and test an arthroscopic aiming device for extrato intra-articular femoral tunnel drilling emerging at the center of the femoral insertion of the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) in medium to large breed dogs. Material and methods: Hindlimbs (n = 12) of six cadaveric dogs (≥ 20 kg bodyweight). One hindlimb from each cadaver was randomly chosen. On a standard medio-lateral stifle radiograph the caudo-cranial position of the CrCL center was measured and transferred onto an adjustable aiming device. After arthroscopic debridement of the CrCL the aiming device was hooked behind the lateral condyle and a 2.4 mm guide pin was placed from extrato intra-articular. The intra-articular position of the resulting bone tunnel was evaluated radiographically as well as compared to the anatomic CrCl center of the contralateral hindlimb using 3D renderings. Results: According to the postoperative radiographs all six drill tunnels were located at or near the CrCL center. The median absolute 3D error from the anatomical center of the CrCL was 0.6 mm (range: 0.2–0.9 mm). Conclusion: Precise anatomic placement of the femoral tunnel for intra-articular repair of the CrCL was achieved using an adjustable aiming device. Clinical relevance: The proposed technique will reduce femoral tunnel misplacement when performing intra-articular CrCL repair in dogs. In combination with the published technique for arthroscopic tibial tunnel drilling using a similar aiming device, the technical requirements for arthroscopic assisted tunnel positioning for anatomical graft replacement are available.
Phenotypic and genetic characterization of partial resistance to crown rust in Avena sativa L.
Authors: Zambonato Felipe , Federizzi Luiz Carlos , Pacheco Marcelo Teixeira , Arruda Marcio Pais de , Martinelli Jose Antonio
Published: September 2015

Crown rust is a major oat disease. Partial resistance is a promising option for disease control for being potentially more durable than complete resistance. The objective of this study was to investigate the inheritance of partial resistance to crown rust in oat populations that were derived from a cross between cultivar URS 21 (partially resistant) and URS 22 (susceptible). In 2010, the six basic generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, and BC2) were sown in the field, and resistance to crown rust was assessed using the area under the disease progress curve, normalized and corrected for each individual plant. The inheritance of the trait partial resistance was oligogenic, indicating the presence of genes with both major and minor phenotypic effects. Additive and dominance effects were important to determine the partial resistance and the heritability estimates were high, indicating the possibility of selection for resistance in early generations.
Inbreeding depression in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) progenies
Authors: Oliveira Inocencio Junior de , Zanotto Maurício Dutra , Krieger Milton , Vencovsky Roland
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate inbreeding depression (DE) in castor bean. From a population derived from the Guarani cultivar, 60 mother plants were sampled. Three types of progenies were obtained from each one: from self-pollination (AU), from crosses (CR) and from open pollination (PL). Grain yield of the progenies was evaluated in two locations. There was a strong interaction of progenies x locations, which led to obtaining estimates within each location. Broad variation was observed in inbreeding depression, with mean values of 6.7% and 13.4%, comparing AU progenies with PL progenies. It was observed that the population has high potential for selecting promising inbred lines. The frequency of mother plants generating progenies with simultaneous high general combination capacity and low inbreeding depression was low. Recurrent selection will increase the occurrence of parent plants associating these two properties, which is necessary for obtaining superior synthetic varieties.
Contribution of graduate programs in plant breeding to the education of plant breeders in Brazil
Authors: Geraldi Isaias Olívio
Published: September 2015

The success of agribusiness in Brazil in recent decades is unquestionable. Although the country has always had favorable conditions for agriculture (land, water and climate), this success has only come about recently, due to scientific research, which has resulted in considerable increases in yield and in improvement of product quality, as well as making the occupation of new agricultural frontiers possible. A decisive factor for development of agriculture in the country was the creation of EMBRAPA in 1973, which, in a few years, led to considerable demand for researchers with training in graduate programs. Among them are plant breeders, who came to exercise their activity throughout the country and in all ecosystems. The training of plant breeders was only possible because, as from the middle of the 1960s, the country began a wide-ranging education program, with the creation of several graduate programs in genetics and plant breeding.
Contributions of the Instituto Agronômico (IAC) for plant breeding
Authors: Carbonell Sérgio Augusto Morais , Guerreiro Filho Oliveiro , Siqueira Walter José
Published: September 2015

The Instituto Agronômico (IAC) is a public institution that was founded in 1887 and has the mission of generating science and transferring technologies for the agricultural sector. This paper describes the main achievements in plant breeding and the use of IAC's cultivars. The impact in the agribusiness sector is demonstrated by the release of research results, especially in the form of products such as seeds and seedlings of 90 species. Out of these, 955 cultivars were properly described, characterized and made available to farmers (636 of them are registered in the National Cultivar Registration Service). Between 1932 and 2012, IAC released an average of 12 cultivars per year, and in the period of 2003 to 2012, 185 cultivars were registered (one new cultivar every 20 days). The results can be evaluated by the representativeness of IAC in the use, customs and food preferences, among other possible measurements on the economic impact and/or return on investments made in the Institution.
Contribuição da Embrapa na produção de novas cultivares de plantas e seu impacto na agricultura
Authors: Lopes Maurício Antônio , Faleiro Fábio Gelape , Ferreira Márcio Elias , Lopes Daniela Biaggioni , Vivian Rafael , Boiteux Leonardo Silva
Published: September 2015

Os programas de melhoramento genético desenvolvidos pela Embrapa e parceiros contribuíram significativamente para os principais avanços qualitativos e quantitativos obtidos pela agricultura brasileira nos últimos 40 anos. Neste artigo, apresenta-se uma visão da diversidade de espécies e múltiplos objetivos estabelecidos por esses programas, ressaltando algumas contribuições da instituição para o setor agrícola. Apresenta-se ainda uma discussão sobre o impacto econômico, social e ambiental das cultivares lançadas pela Embrapa no mercado brasileiro, assim como uma análise do papel da instituição no melhoramento de cultivares no presente e no futuro. Os riscos, oportunidades e desafios para o trabalho de melhoramento genético vegetal são discutidos, considerando as mudanças recentes e as inovações observadas no mercado de sementes no Brasil.
Tecnología extranjera en las obras de salubridad rioplatenses de los siglos XIX-XX
Authors: Méndez Patricia
Published: September 2015

A fin de ofrecer otro panorama de la historia de la infraestructura urbana, este estudio concilia aspectos sobre aquellos profesionales y empresas constructoras extranjeras —con acento en aquellos de origen alemán—, que estuvieron ligadas al desarrollo de las obras de salubridad de la región rioplatense.El análisis se concentra en el Río de la Plata, atendiendo los cambios tecnológicos que tuvieron estas ciudades desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta la primera parte del siglo XX; la documentación surge de las investigaciones realizadas desde el CEDODAL y su vinculación con el Proyecto Patrimonio Histórico de la Empresa de Servicios de Agua Corriente en la ciudad de Buenos Aires.
Los Comités de Agua Potable y Saneamiento y la gestión social de un bien común en Nicaragua. Los casos de los CAPS de El Edén y Chompipe
Authors: Kreimann Rosibel
Published: September 2015

La investigación presentada en este artículo se llevó a cabo en el marco de la Maestría en Estudios Urbanos de El Colegio de México (2007-2009). Se presenta un análisis comparado de la gestión social del agua que realizan los Comités de Agua Potable en Nicaragua. Estas son organizaciones que satisfacen a un 23% de la población, trabajando para llevar agua a las comunidades en sectores rurales y de la periferia urbana.La gestión social de los Comités se estudia desde la perspectiva de gestión común basada en el planteamiento de Elinor Ostrom, donde es la acción colectiva de los pobladores —a través de la construcción de normas comunes para desarrollar estrategias en relación a otros actores— lo que les permite llevar a cabo su labor.Para contestar a las interrogantes centrales del estudio: ¿Los Comités de Agua Potable y Saneamiento en Nicaragua gestionan el agua como un bien común? ¿Esta gestión se desarrolla de manera diferenciada en contextos rural y de periferia urbana? se retoman dos casos significativos en el país: el Comité de Agua El Edén en un contexto periurbano en la capital, dentro del área de amortiguamiento de la Reserva Natural Chocoyero-El Brujo; y el Comité de AguaPotable El Chompipe en un contexto rural, organizado en una Red de Agua a nivel municipal.De esta manera, el interés es analizar si la gestión se da de una manera colectiva, y cómo esto se ve influido por el contexto geográfico en que se encuentran los Comités. Para ello se llevaron a cabo dos etapas de trabajo de campo en Nicaragua, en el que se realizaron entrevistas con actores gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, entre estos últimos los Comités de Agua Potable, tanto a nivel nacional y de las localidades seleccionadas. En este artículo, a diferencia de publicaciones anteriores, además del interés por mostrar la importancia de los hallazgos en los dos estudios de caso dentro del contexto socio-institucional del país, es de interés enfatizar en el proceso metodológico seguido en la investigación.
Las estrategias de la ciudadanía frente a los procesos de privatización del agua: logros y desafíos en Uruguay
Authors: Domínguez Ana , Achkar Marcel , Fernández Gabriela
Published: September 2015

Abordamos en este artículo el camino recorrido por la Comisión Nacional en Defensa del Agua y la Vida (CNDAV) de Uruguay como movimiento social que ha tenido una experiencia enriquecedora, con un conjunto de logros frente al avance privatizador de los sistemas de provisión de agua y saneamiento en el país. Entre estos logros se destacan: la organización de acciones con estrategias participativas y con integración de conocimientos para proponer una reforma constitucional, el desarrollo de una campaña nacional y el logro del apoyo del 65% de los votantes en el año 2004, así como la aprobación por el Parlamento uruguayo por unanimidad de una Ley de Política Nacional de Agua en noviembre del 2009. Estos logros incluyen no solamente la definición de un conjunto de principios que deberán regir las políticas de agua y saneamiento, sino también la estrategia de constituirse en un movimiento propositivo que fomenta iniciativas que surgen de poblaciones locales comprometidas con sus cuencas hidrográficas.
Compartiendo el agua: conflictos (micro) políticos en el acceso y distribución del agua. El caso de la isla de Amantaní (Lago Titicaca, Perú)
Authors: Orellana-Gavidia Susana
Published: September 2015

Este artículo examina la dinámica entre tres actores enfrentados, que utilizan tres discursos diferentes en su lucha, en la cual el objeto del conflicto es el agua. El caso de estudio es el de las comunidades de la isla de Amantaní, que se enfrentan a un cambio en la organización del sistema de gestión, abastecimiento y uso del agua para uso doméstico como resultado de la aprobación del proyecto Agua Para Todos que impulsa el gobierno central. En este contexto, la lucha entre estos actores se impone desde la posición de tradiciones dispares de derechos de agua ya que los comuneros usan el recurso bajo diferentes órdenes legales (el municipal, el de las comunidades campesinas y el de los sistemas de agua formales). El trabajo describe y analiza los procesos de negociación que tienen lugar, utilizando el concepto de Foucault de “programas de poder”, que se refiere a que cada orden legal produce y reproduce discursos y acciones orientados para sus “formas” de ejercer el poder. El artículo argumenta que como resultado de estas luchas y confrontaciones, principalmente por medio de la retórica, se establece un nuevo mapa de distribución de los derechos de agua.
O caminho das águas na América Portuguesa: a rede de abastecimento de Mariana no século XVIII
Authors: Ribeiro-Tedeschi Denise M.
Published: September 2015

A proposta deste artigo é apresentar a rede de abastecimento de água construída em Mariana na segunda metade do século XVIII. Mariana, a única cidade da Capitania de Minas Gerais, nesse período, integrava o circuito do ouro na América Portuguesa. O serviço de fornecimento de água à cidade só veio a se consolidar mais de meio século após a fundação do povoado, quando a Câmara, órgão local responsável pela administração da municipalidade, fi nanciou as obras necessárias para conduzir a água para o consumo urbano. Nosso objetivo consiste em apresentar o processo construtivo da rede hídrica de fornecimento de Mariana: o momento de edifi cação, a estrutura material e os recursos utilizados para administrar o serviço de abastecimento de água. Contratos de obras da Câmara e vestígios materiais remanescentes constituem o conjunto de documentos e fontes investigados nesta pesquisa.
Las aguas de la discordia: la disputa por el Río Colorado (1904-1961)
Authors: Grijalva Aidé
Published: September 2015

Desde que en 1848 se firmara el Tratado Guadalupe Hidalgo, mediante el cual México perdió la mitad de su territorio, el Colorado ha sido objeto de un sinfín de pugnas internacionales motivadas por el control de sus aguas. Sus 2.300 km de longitud lo convierten en la corriente más larga de la costa del Pacífico y en un factor crucial para el suministro de agua en el oeste de los Estados Unidos. De hecho, desde finales del siglo XIX tuvo un rol fundamental en la expansión de la frontera agrícola estadounidense hacia sus límites continentales occidentales. Por tal motivo, y a pesar de que de su inmensa cuenca sólo le corresponde a México un mínimo porcentaje, la parte mexicana fue disputada por empresas y agencias de irrigación de los Estados Unidos, que no dudaron en violar un tratado internacional de límites y aguas para tener el control total de dicha corriente hidráulica y garantizar así la apertura de tierras en el suroeste estadounidense.
Dos siglos de desecación en Laguna de Fúquene (Colombia): Impactos en la pesca artesanal
Authors: Guerrero-García Paula K.
Published: September 2015

Este artículo entiende la laguna de Fúquene (Colombia) como un paisaje cultural y resalta la importancia que esta adquiere para los campesinos-pescadores que habitan en sus cercanías. La situación actual de la laguna se entiende como el resultado de múltiples intervenciones para su desecación que históricamente han procurado favorecer a la producción ganadera en detrimento de la laguna y de las formas de vida y conocimiento asociadas a ella, y brinda una aproximación a los impactos socioculturales de la desecación intencionada en la actividad de la pesca artesanal.La investigación etnográfica prestó especial interés a la percepción y valoración de los cambios en el paisaje por parte de la población campesina a través de la revisión de fuentes históricas, entrevistas y relatos de vida que indagaron por la memoria de varias generaciones, así como por los impactos que ha tenido la desecación en aquellas personas que obtenían su sustento diario de ella.
Assessing the Relationship between Presidential Rhetorical Simplicity and Unilateral Action
Authors: Olds Christopher
Published: September 2015

Research from Shogan (2007) and Lim (2008) on the executive branch proposes that the American presidency has adopted an anti-intellectual approach to leadership, such that there is a concerted rejection of thoughtful political discourse from the president. This has been reflected by what appears to be a relative decline in both the linguistic and substantive complexity of presidential rhetoric. Shogan’s (2007) work, while focused on examining whether Republicans are more apt to employ anti-intellectual leadership than Democrats, raises an additional topic worthy of empirical examination: the potential relationship between anti-intellectual leadership and unilateral action from the president. If anti-intellectual leadership is a defiant form of leadership that opts to publicly demonstrate the rejection of external expertise, the usage of anti-intellectual rhetoric from the president might be able to predict the usage of unilateral action. On the other hand, anti-intellectual rhetoric might be used as a straightforward and quick means to explain unilateral action, such that change in the level of unilateral action can predict the usage of simplistic rhetoric. Unfortunately, no one has yet to empirically test whether rhetorical simplicity predicts unilateral action, unilateral action predicts rhetorical simplicity, or there is a multi-directional relationship present. This project makes an initial attempt to remedy this gap in the literature. The project contrasts the monthly average simplicity level of the presidential weekly public address with the monthly number of executive orders emanating from the executive branch, using information spanning between February 1993 and May 2015. The initial findings from the vector autoregression and moving average representation analyses suggest that prior change in rhetorical simplicity predicts the usage of executive orders, and that an increase in rhetorical simplicity helps produce an increase in the number of executive orders offered by the president.
Recurrent Direct Current Cardioversion Induced Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Smyrlis Athanasios , Yaranov Dmitry , Galin Ira , Khan Shahzad , Alexander Jonathan
Published: September 2015

Stress cardiomyopathy (SCM), also called broken heart syndrome and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is an increasingly reported syndrome generally characterized by transient systolic dysfunction of the apical and or mid segments of the left ventricle that mimics myocardial infarction, in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. Typically patients present within a few hours of exposure to physical or emotional stress. However, the mechanism by which these stressors result in myocardial dysfunction is unclear. Proposed factors include catecholamine excess and coronary vasospasm1. We present the case of a 61-year-old female who experienced acute pulmonary edema secondary to stress cardiomyopathy, on two occasions immediately after undergoing elective direct current cardioversion (DCCV) for atrial fibrillation (Afib). After an urgent hospitalization for management of acute left ventricular failure, she made a complete clinical and echocardiographic recovery.  The incidence, clinical implications and prognosis of DCCV induced SCM is unknown. Given DCCV for Afib is a common outpatient procedure and DCCV induced SCM can lead to acute clinical deterioration it is important that physicians are vigilant about this newly recognized electrical cardioversion complication.
As políticas de convivência com a seca: uma análise da implementação do PRONAF no município de Catolé do Rocha-PB
Authors: Alves S. V. , Martins D. S. S. , Oliveira J. S. , Nóbrega A. L.
Published: September 2015

A implementação do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) destaca o grande avanço das políticas públicas que estimulam a participação do Estado, em âmbito local e também nacional, no desenvolvimento da agricultura e nas intervenções na realidade rural. O artigo em questão desenvolve uma análise da implementação do PRONAF no município de Catolé do Rocha no semiárido paraibano, com a finalidade de compreender não apenas como se deu o processo de execução do programa, mas também seus benefícios e impactos socioeconômicos para a população contemplada. Quanto à metodologia utilizada, o tipo de pesquisa caracterizou-se como qualitativa descritiva, optando por um estudo de caso, sendo os dados coletados por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada aos atores locais do programa, sendo exploradas questões inerentes a temática em questão. A análise dos resultados evidencia que na localidade estudada a implementação desse programa não se deu da forma adequada, levando a um mal funcionamento do mesmo, o erro mais aparente seria o fato da concessão de crédito não estar aliada às ações que viabilizam a capacidade de geração de renda para os membros das unidades familiares “pronafianas”, o que acaba gerando muitos dos desafios enfrentados na realidade do programa. Apesar disto, os poucos resultados conseguidos no município são vistos como satisfatórios para os beneficiados, já que relatam melhoria em alguns aspectos socioeconômicos da região e trouxe benefícios aos agricultores familiares no município
Sistemas de Indicadores de Sustentabilidade Urbana:
Authors: Martins Maria de Fátima , Cândido Gesinaldo Ataíde
Published: September 2015

Partindo da constatação que os sistemas de indicadores são instrumentos de apoio Ã s políticas públicas e gestão sustentável das cidades, o artigo objetiva identificar os desafios do processo de construção dos sistemas de indicadores urbanos para análise e monitoramento da sustentabilidade das cidades. De tal modo, realizou-se um ensaio teórico sobre sustentabilidade e sistemas de indicadores urbanos, com foco para os principais desafios desse processo. A partir desse estudo, constatou-se que para construção de sistemas de sustentabilidade que sirvam de apoio Ã s políticas públicas urbanas, deve-se partir da compreensão do espaço urbano investigado, adotando uma concepção teórica abrangente aos problemas urbanos para contemplar as diversas dimensões da sustentabilidade. Ademais, deve-se utilizar metodologias adequadas para reduzir a subjetividade da sustentabilidade e a fragilidade de alguns indicadores, no tocante Ã  disponibilidade, qualidade e atualização de dados, dotando-os da capacidade de provedor de informações para subsidiar o desenvolvimento urbano sustentável.
Análise das Práticas Ambientais em Atividade de Inovação de Produtos e Processos
Authors: Theis Vanessa , Schreiber Dusan
Published: September 2015

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar como as práticas ambientais são inseridas nas atividades de inovação de produtos e processos em empresas do segmento metalmecânico, localizadas na região do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, no Rio Grande do Sul. Cumpre destacar que no Estado gaúcho existem em torno de 9,8 mil estabelecimentos no referido setor, prevalecendo empresas de micro e pequeno porte. Utilizando-se a rede de contatos dos pesquisadores, foi realizado estudo de casos múltiplos em cinco organizações, adotando-se critérios de acessibilidade e tempo dos entrevistados. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas em profundidade, sendo as mesmas transcritas e posteriormente submetidas Ã  análise de conteúdo. Como principais resultados da pesquisa, constatou-se que as companhias atuam no sentido de atender aos dispositivos legais e que a diferenciação pelas questões ambientais ocorre apenas nos processos industriais. Assim, verifica-se que as organizações trabalham no sentido de inserir as práticas ambientais apenas nas inovações de processos.
Participação nos Projetos de MDL em Aterros Sanitários na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo
Authors: Cruz Silvia Stuchi , Paulino Sônia Regina , Paiva Delhi Teresa
Published: September 2015

O trabalho aborda a questão da avaliação da participação das partes interessadas nos projetos de mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo (MDL) em aterros sanitários, sob a perspectiva da identificação das lacunas a serem preenchidas para a promoção da inovação na prestação de serviços de resíduos sólidos urbanos. As dificuldades para participação das comunidades do entorno dos aterros é um limite a ser superado para que os resultados do MDL possam vir a contribuir para a geração de cobenefícios no setor de resíduos sólidos urbanos. O contexto empírico são seis projetos de MDL em aterro sanitário localizados na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP). Para analisar a participação das comunidades do entorno são propostos 16 indicadores categorizados em três temas: consulta; interação/ interface; e benefícios. Os indicadores foram elaborados de modo participativo com consulta a associações de moradores e cooperativas de catadores de material reciclável. O conceito de ServPPIN (redes público-privadas de inovação em serviços) enfatiza, além do aspecto relacional (interfaces e feedbacks) entre os vários atores públicos e privados, a participação das organizações do terceiro setor (associações, ONG etc.). Os resultados apontam para indicadores que contribuem para a avaliação de uma ampla gama de fatores que limitam e afetam uma promoção de inovação em serviços do setor de resíduos amparada na participação de stakeholders.
The Importance and Roles of Linguistics?In Islamic Studies (Integration of Linguistics With Religious Studies)
Authors: Ahmad Husin Saifuddin
Published: September 2015

Knowledge integration has been studied as the process of incorporating new informa- tion into a body of existing knowledge with an interdisciplinary approach. Language is not only the object of scientific study of linguistics, but also the object of study of other related disciplines. The importance of language in many studies and disciplines of knowl- edge has led to its status as a condition sin qua non to true understanding of other scientific objects of disciplines of knowledge. The mastery of Arabic language for ex- ample is a must for the study of Islamic religious texts. The religion of Islam places language on a very high position that it is explicitly mentioned in the Quran as one of the signs of the existence of God.
Dari IAIN ke UIN Pangeran Antasari: Tantangan dan Peluang di Tengah Arus Perubahan Sosial dan Budaya
Authors: Mujiburrahman Mujiburrahman
Published: September 2015

Abstract This paper discusses the reasons behind the need for the transformation of the Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Antasari into a State Islamic University (UIN). By analyzing the history of education in Indonesia in terms of tensions between Western (general) education and Islamic education, the paper argues that the transformation is a historical necessity. The transformation should be directed (1) to integrate general knowledge and Islamic knowledge in the university education system; (2) to respond to the social changes in contemporary society, especially the high variety of job markets, which demand professionalism; (3) to be the source of moral and spiritual guidance for society, and (4) to open much more opportunity for people, especially those of the lower class, to have a tertiary education. Abstak  Makalah ini mendiskusikan alasan-alasan di balik kebutuhan tranformasi IAIN Antasari menjadi UIN. Dengan melakukan analisis sejarah tentang ketegangan antara sistem pendidikan Barat (umum) dan pendidikan Islam, makalah ini menunjukkan bahwa transformasi tersebut adalah suatu keharusan sejarah. Transformasi itu harus diarahkan untuk (1) mengintegrasikan pengetahuan umum dengan pengetahuan Islam dalam sistem pendidikan di universitas; (2) menanggapi perubahan-perubahan sosial dalam masyarakat kekinian, khususnya tingginya keragaman lapangan kerja, yang menuntut profesionalisme; (3) menjadi sumber bimbingan moral dan spiritual masyarakat; dan (4) membuka kesempatan yang lebih luas bagi masyarakat, khususnya mereka yang dari kelas bawah, untuk mendapatkan pendidikan di perguruan tinggi.
Posisi Madrasah dalam Sistem Pendidikan Nasional di Era Otonomi Daerah
Authors: Yahya M. Daud
Published: September 2015

Madrasah is an Islamic educational institutions that have a long history, and finally recognized part of the National Education System . Madrasas are already managed by Depag / Kemenag with the religious sector is a problem when faced with the UU regions autonomy which necessitates the education sector be transferred to the government. At the end of the progress the school is not located in the under Depag and Kemenag but on the creativity the schools own.
TRADISI INTEGRASI ILMU DALAM INSTITUSI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Abidin Zainal
Published: September 2015

The Integration of secience in Islamic tradition is importance aspect. In the Islamic historical contectindicated that Islamic education was supported to integration of secience, because mor e of islamic education institution can be important playing in developing aspect especially to built the civiulization araoundthe world. F rom early Islam period, many institution of Islamic education was produced severalIslamic intellectuals heritage and more Islamic scholars, so its developed sciences of Islamic perspectives.This tradition is a branch of muslim identity who has influenced for many ages. After Islam be came theones of gread religion in the world,its tradition was established and until now the influence of Islamictradition in scientific method must be developed and be come to the great interests between Islamicscholars in many Islamic countries.
Pendidikan Islam dan Peranannya Dalam Membangun dan Mengembangkan Kearifan Sosial
Authors: Saad M. Abu
Published: September 2015

Islamic education is an education that aims to form a complete individual Muslim, develop the entire human potential both in the form of physical and spiritual, foster a harmonious relationship with God every person, man and the universe. Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia consists of institutions of formal and non-formal education. Formal Islamic education institutions have levels ranging from Elementary School, MTs, Madrasah Aliyah, Until universities like IAIN. Non- formal education institutions Islam has no hierarchy and formal curriculum, such as Majlis study groups, educational gardens Koran and so on. In a sociological study Islamic education as an institu- tion that has always experienced interaction with other social institutions. Islamic education has always had a role creating an Islamic society which has dimensions of Islamic faith and encourage life toward renewal, growth and development, human respect as individuals who have the freedom and human rights and dignity, open to all civilization. Keywords: Islamic Education, Role, Development, Local Wisdom.
Structure and composition of altered riparian forests in an agricultural Amazonian landscape
Authors: Nagy R. Chelsea , Porder Stephen , Neill Christopher , Brando Paulo , Quintino Raimundo Mota , Nascimento Sebastiâo Aviz do
Published: September 2015

Deforestation and fragmentation influence the microclimate, vegetation structure, and composition of remaining patches of tropical forest. In the southern Amazon, at the frontier of cropland expansion, forests are converted and fragmented in a pattern that leaves standing riparian forests whose dimensions are mandated by the Brazilian National Forest Code. These altered riparian forests share many characteristics of well‐studied upland forest fragments, but differ because they remain connected to larger areas of forest downstream, and because they may experience wetter soil conditions because reduction of forest cover in the surrounding watershed raises groundwater levels and increases stream runoff. We compared forest regeneration, structure, composition, and diversity in four areas of intact riparian forest and four areas each of narrow, medium, and wide altered riparian forests that have been surrounded by agriculture since the early 1980s. We found that seedling abundance was reduced by as much as 64% and sapling abundance was reduced by as much as 67% in altered compared to intact riparian forests. The most pronounced differences between altered and intact forest occurred near forest edges and within the narrowest sections of altered riparian forests. Woody plant species composition differed and diversity was reduced in altered forests compared to intact riparian forests. However, despite being fragmented for several decades, large woody plant biomass and carbon storage, the number of live or dead large woody plants, mortality rates, and the size distribution of woody plants did not differ significantly between altered and intact riparian forests. Thus, even in these relatively narrow forests with high edge : area ratios, we saw no evidence of the increases in mortality and declines in biomass that have been found in other tropical forest fragment studies. However, because of the changes in both species community and reduced regeneration, it is unclear how long this relative lack of change will be sustained. Additionally, Brazil recently passed a law in their National Forest Code allowing narrower riparian buffers than those studied here in restored areas, which could affect their long‐term sustainability.
A conceptual framework to describe the ecology of fragmented landscapes and implications for conservation and management
Authors: del Castillo Rafael F.
Published: September 2015

The study of the ecology of fragmented landscapes has been dominated by two assumptions: the unique unidirectional path from larger to smaller fragments and the negligible role of fragment species on fragment properties. An accurate conceptualization of fragmented landscapes requires consideration of the age and origin of the fragments, i.e., direct fragmentation or reverse fragmentation (generation or increase of vegetated fragments by colonization), and the habitat modifications of fragment species (autogenic processes). Colonization and autogenic processes alter the fragments' composition and function. Fragment metrics affect colonization. Autogenic processes are antagonized by disturbances and modulated by abiotic inputs. Fragment alterations by autogenic processes may explain the continuous species substitution detected in some fragments or the species persistence in others. Reverse fragmentation, a natural process in commonly disturbed landscapes, challenges the avoidance‐of‐habitat disturbance as the ultimate strategy for biodiversity conservation and stresses the importance of pioneer species that promote succession as resilience elements in fragmented landscapes. Among‐fragment diversity, generated by local disturbances, can be essential for the resilience of fragmented landscapes, suggesting that conservation and habitat utilization can be complementary processes. Traditional agroforestry systems that depend on disturbance, fragmentation, colonization, and autogenic processes may provide important insights into fragmentation ecology.
Expression of Phospholipase D in Periodontitis and Its Role in the Inflammatory and Osteoclastic Response by Nicotine‐ and Lipopolysaccharide‐Stimulated Human Periodontal Ligament Cells
Authors: Shin Seung‐Yun , Kim Young‐Suk , Lee So‐Youn , Bae Won‐Jung , Park Yong‐Duk , Hyun Yong‐Cheol , Kang KyungLhi , Kim Eun‐Cheol
Published: September 2015

Background: The aim of the present study is to investigate the expression of phospholipase D (PLD) 1 and PLD2 in periodontal patients and in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) exposed to nicotine plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Toll‐like receptor 2 ligand). Furthermore, the effects of PLD isoform inhibition on the inflammatory response and osteoclast differentiation and its mechanisms were determined.

Methods: Proinflammatory mediators were examined by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. To silence the gene expression of the PLD isoforms, cells were transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting PLD1 or PLD2. Mouse bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMMs) were used as osteoclast precursor cells for in vitro osteoclastogenesis. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence were used to assess signaling pathways.

Results: Chronic smokers with periodontitis exhibited significantly higher PLD1 and PLD2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression than non‐smokers with periodontitis and healthy controls. Nicotine and LPS upregulated PLD1 and PLD2 mRNA expression in a dose‐dependent manner in HPDLCs. Pharmacologic and siRNA‐mediated inhibition of PLD1 and PLD2 attenuated the nicotine‐ and LPS‐induced upregulation of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase and cyclooxygenase‐2, production of NO, and prostaglandin E2, and mRNA expression and secretion of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and IL‐8. The conditioned media from HPDLCs treated with PLD isoform inhibitors or siRNA against PLD inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) ligand‐mediated osteoclast differentiation, as well as protein expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 and c‐Fos, in BMMs. In addition, PLD isoform inhibitors and siRNA inhibited the nicotine‐ and LPS‐induced activation of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase, protein kinase C, p38, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, c‐Jun N‐terminal protein kinase, mitogen‐activated protein kinase, and NF‐κB.

Conclusion: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that PLD isoform inhibition has anti‐inflammatory and antiosteoclastogenic effects and thus may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of periodontitis.
Association Between Periodontitis and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Esteves Lima Rafael Paschoal , Cyrino Renata Magalhães , de Carvalho Dutra Bernardo , Oliveira da Silveira Juliana , Martins Carolina Castro , Miranda Cota Luis Otávio , Costa Fernando Oliveira
Published: September 2015

Background: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no systematic review of the potential association between periodontitis and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the current literature. The aim of the present systematic review and meta‐analysis is to search for scientific evidence regarding the association between periodontitis and GDM.

Methods: The present study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement and registered (CRD2014010728) with PROSPERO (International prospective register for systematic reviews, University of York, York, UK). A search was conducted in three electronic databases without restrictions regarding language or date of publication. From 190 studies selected, 15 underwent full‐text analysis. Eight studies were eligible (five cross‐sectional and three case‐control studies), and seven were entered in the meta‐analysis. Meta‐analysis was performed with tests for sensitivity and statistical heterogeneity. Summary effect measures were calculated by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results: There was a significant association between periodontitis and GDM in the meta‐analyses of four cross‐sectional studies (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.32) and two case‐control studies (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.52 to 4.65). However, sensitivity tests for case‐control studies showed a lack of consistency in data; when including one case‐control study, the significance was null (meta‐analysis of three case‐control studies: OR 1.69, 95% CI 0.68 to 4.21).

Conclusions: There was substantial clinical, methodologic, and statistical heterogeneity among the studies. The scientific evidence cannot affirm a positive association between periodontitis and GDM. Future studies with different designs in distinct populations should be conducted to investigate this association.
Maternal and Perinatal Complications in Pre-eclampsia
Authors: Acharya Sarita , Pal M N
Published: September 2015

INTRODUCTION: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is one of the major causes of maternal morbidity/mortality- leading to 10-15% of maternal deaths in low - and middle-income countries. Pre-eclampsia produces potentially lethal complications including abruptio placenta, disseminated intravascular coagulation, intracranial hemorrhage, hepatic failure, acute renal failure, and cardiovascular collapse. Intrauterine fetal growth restriction, intrauterine fetal demise and prematurity are the other related obstetric problems. The current study aimed to find the maternal and perinatal complications of pre- eclampsia in our context.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study of 145 patients with the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia treated in a tertiary level teaching hospital between June 2011 to December 2013 was done. Hypertension in pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia were defined in the standard way. Maternal and perinatal complications were identified and analyzed.RESULTS: Pre-eclampsia was detected in 6.02% of all deliveries. Maternal complications were abruptio placenta (11.03%), eclampsia (8.27 %), HELLP syndrome (4.12%), hypertensive encephalopathy (0.7%), acute renal failure (0.7%) and maternal death (0.7%). Fetal complications included preterm delivery (17.93%), intra uterine growth restriction (10.34%), intra uterine death (8.30%) and neonatal death(2.80%).CONCLUSION: Pre-eclampsia is associated with increased maternal-perinatal complications. The adverse outcome can be minimized by more widespread use of prenatal care, education of primary medical care personnel, prompt diagnosis of high-risk patients and timely referral to tertiary medical centers.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol. 3, No. 1, 2015: 21-25
Biochemical Studies on Phenylhydrazine Induced Experimental Anemic Albino Rats
Authors: Madhikarmi Nirjala Laxmi , Murthy Kora Rudraiah Siddalinga
Published: September 2015

INTRODUCTION: The present study evaluated the modulatory effects of diphenylhydrazine induced experimental wistar albino rats and also to assess various biochemical parameters in whole blood and red blood cell lysate.MATERIALAND METHODS: Twenty male albino rats weighing 180-200 gm were selected for the study and divided in two groups; ten phenylhydrazine dihydrochloride (PHZ) induced anemia and ten healthy control. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxide were measured as lipid peroxidation parameter. The antioxidant vitamins A, C and E and enzymatic antioxidants; catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were also assessed.RESULTS: Phenylhydrazine induced anemic rats showed a significant increase in the lipid peroxidation and decrease in the antioxidants as compared to healthy rats.CONCLUSION: The study concludes that phenylhydrazine induced experimental anemic albino rats showed increased oxidative stress than compared with healthy albino rats.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol. 3, No. 1, 2015: 41-47
An Update on Alcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Pradhan Bickram , Arjyal Lubina , Chaudhary Shatdal
Published: September 2015

Alcoholic steato hepatitis (ASH) is an acute hepatic manifestation occurring from heavy alcohol ingestion. It is associated with liver failure, hepatorenal syndrome, severe sepsis and increased mortality. Patients with severe ASH have reported short-term mortality of up to 40%-50%. Although approximately 20% of alcoholics undergoing liver biopsy reveal histological features of alcoholic hepatites (AH) only a minority progress to severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH) with markedly elevated serum liver enzymes, jaundice and impaired liver function. Prognostic scores include the Maddrey's discriminant function, the model of end-stage liver disease, the Glasgow Alcoholic Hepatitis score, and the ABIC score. The response to corticosteroid therapy can be assessed using the Lille model. Severe ASH at risk of early death should be identified by one of the available prognostic scoring systems before considering specific therapies. Corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment for severe ASH. When corticosteroids are contraindicated, Pentoxifylline may be alternatively used. This review article aims to discuss the clinical features, diagnosis, prognostic models, and treatment of ASH.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol. 3, No. 1, 2015: 54-59
Hepatocyte Growth Factor from a Clinical Perspective: A Pancreatic Cancer Challenge
Authors: Rizwani Wasia , Allen Amanda , Trevino Jose
Published: September 2015

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and incidence rates are rising. Both detection and treatment options for pancreatic cancer are limited, providing a less than 5% five-year survival advantage. The need for new biomarkers for early detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer demands the efficient translation of bench knowledge to provide clinical benefit. One source of therapeutic resistance is the pancreatic tumor microenvironment, which is characterized by desmoplasia and hypoxia making it less conducive to current therapies. A major factor regulating desmoplasia and subsequently promoting chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer is hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), the sole ligand for c-MET (mesenchymal-epithelial transition), an epithelial tyrosine kinase receptor. Binding of HGF to c-MET leads to receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation resulting in the activation of multiple cellular processes that support cancer progression. Inhibiting activation of c-MET in cancer cells, in combination with other approaches for reducing desmoplasia in the tumor microenvironment, might significantly improve the success of chemotherapy. Therefore, HGF makes a potent novel target for developing therapeutic strategies in combination with existing drugs for treating pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of HGF and its promising potential as a chemotherapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
The Role of Skin Barrier in the Pathogenesis of Food Allergy
Authors: Izadi Neema , Luu Minnelly , Ong Peck , Tam Jonathan
Published: September 2015

Food allergy is a serious public health problem with an increasing prevalence. Current management is limited to food avoidance and emergency treatment. Research into the pathogenesis of food allergy has helped to shape our understanding of how patients become sensitized to an allergen. Classically, food sensitization was thought to occur through the gastrointestinal tract, but alternative routes of sensitization are being explored, specifically through the skin. Damaged skin barrier may play a crucial role in the development of food sensitization. Better understanding of how patients initially become sensitized may help lead to the development of a safe and effective treatment for food allergies or better prevention strategies.