bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of à‐posteriori error indicator in viscous flows
Authors: Wu D.H. , Currie I.G.
Published: July 2002

An à‐posteriori error indicator for solving viscous incompressible flow problems is analyzed in this paper. The indicator named “velocity angle error estimator” is based on the spatial derivative of velocity direction fields and it can detect local flow features, such as vortices and separation, and resolve flow details precisely. The refinement indicator corresponds to the antisymmetric part of the deformation‐rate‐tensor, and it is sensitive to the second derivative of the velocity angle field. Rationality discussions reveal that the à‐posteriori error indicator is a curvature error indicator, and its value reflects the accuracy of streamline curves. It is also found that the velocity angle error indicator contains the nonlinear convective term of the Navier–Stokes equations, and it identifies and computes the direction difference when the convective acceleration direction and the flow velocity direction have a disparity. Numerical simulation is presented to illustrate the use of the velocity angle error indicator.
Numerical study of transient instabilities in reverse‐roller coating flows
Authors: Chandio M.S. , Webster M.F.
Published: July 2002

A semi‐implicit Taylor‐Galerkin/pressure‐correction algorithm of a transient finite element form is applied to analyse the flow instabilities that commonly arise during reverse‐roller coating. A mathematical model is derived to describe the solvent coating applied to the underside of the sheet, assuming that the lacquer is a Newtonian fluid and considering the flow between application roller and foil. Here, we have investigated the effects of temporal instabilities, caused by adjustment of nip‐gap width and foil‐position, extending our previous steady‐state analysis. Foil shifting is found to have a significant influence upon pressure and lift on the foil, drag on the roller, and free coating profiles. This would result in process instabilities, such as chatter and flow‐lines. In contrast, nip‐gap adjustment has no influence on the coating finish.
Exit interviews as an induction tool
Authors: Kransdorff Arnold
Published: July 2002

Evaluates a cost‐effective solution to overcoming the problem of
low productivity owing to the high level of job change in the UK.
Concludes that employees, when hired, need to blend their skills with
the company′s distinctive way of working. This can be done by way of the
oral interview method examined, which can lead to the employee settling
in more quickly.
Accelerated Product Development: An Experience with Small and
Medium‐sized Companies
Authors: Haynes Ian , Frost Noel
Published: July 2002

Discusses case studies of small and medium‐sized companies in which
the Queensland Manufacturing Institute (QMI) has facilitated improved
product development processes using simple methodology, teamwork and a
“toolbox” concept. The involvement of QMI allowed the
companies to try new processes and supporting technology in a reduced
risk environment.
Goal‐directed development of new products
Authors: Lockwood Robert
Published: July 2002

Examines the dramatic change of commercial aircraft manufacturing
from the traditional product development method dominated by military
heritage and product superiority at the expense of cost and
time‐to‐market. Losses by airlines in the 1990s highlighted economic
difficulties and left airlines unable to grow and purchase new
commercial aircraft. Describes the challenge faced by British Aerospace
Regional Aircraft to develop a business‐wide simultaneous engineering
programme to improve the managing of engineering products; outlines in
detail the goal‐directed product management approach used and describes
why this approach was successful.
Design: a missing link in manufacturing strategy
Authors: Wainwright Charles
Published: July 2002

At present manufacturing strategy research is focused on the
interaction between the manufacturing and marketing functions to the
exclusion of product design. As product design aims to meet the needs of
customers, market knowledge is vital to determine the products to
design. However, without both market and product knowledge it is
impossible to provide optimum manufacturing facilities. Thus product
design should be considered as an essential aspect during the
formulation of manufacturing strategy. Typically the validity of a
manufacturing strategy is measured using a series of strategic product,
order‐winning criteria. Initially discusses the effects of product
design in relation to those strategic criteria and subsequently
highlights the need to treat design as a manufacturing strategy content
variable via a case study conducted within a medium‐sized, multi‐product
batch manufacturing company.
Do managerial men benefit from organizational values supporting work‐personal life balance?
Authors: Burke Ronald
Published: July 2002

This study examined the relationship of managerial and professional men’s perception of organizational values supporting work‐personal life balance in their workplace and their work experiences, indicators of work and life satisfaction and psychological wellbeing. Data were collected from 283 men using anonymous questionnaires. Managerial men reporting organizational values more supportive of work‐personal life balance also reported working fewer hours and extra hours, less job stress, greater joy in work, lower intentions to quit, greater job career and life satisfaction, fewer psychosomatic symptoms and more positive emotional and physical wellbeing.
Gender differences in network relationships in academia
Authors: Rothstein Mitchell G. , Davey Liane M.
Published: July 2002

Examines gender differences in networking characteristics and
benefits in a sample of university faculty. Generates hypotheses from
Ibarra′s theoretical framework for explaining differences between
women′s and men′s interpersonal networks. Finds significant differences
between women and men, but, contrary to Ibarra′s theory of interpersonal
networks, some of these differences favour women.
Gender differences in occupational stress and coping strategies among IT personnel
Authors: Lim Vivien K.G. , Teo Thompson S.H.
Published: July 2002

Examines gender differences in occupational stress and coping strategies among information technology (IT) personnel in Singapore. Data were collected via a combination of mail surveys and semi‐structured interviews. Analyses results of the survey using analysis of covariance procedures. Female IT personnel reported significantly higher scores on sources of stress originating from “factors intrinsic to the job”, “managerial role”, “career and achievement”, “organizational structure and climate”, and “relationships with others”. Contrary to initial prediction, no significant gender difference was found for stress originating from “home‐work interface”. With respect to coping strategies, female IT personnel tend to seek social support and talk to others when they experience stress, while men tend to suppress their emotions and deal with problems in a logical and unemotional manner. Discusses implications of findings.
Women ‐ the new heroes of the business world?
Authors: Cathrin Brandser Gry
Published: July 2002

Argues that the studies commonly labelled “women‐in‐management” are inadequate because they do not succeed in helping women to progress as managers in business. These studies endorse different strategies for remedying gender inequalities in the workplace, but they provide a variety of often insufficient or contradictory views. Examines some fundamental perspectives on the subject of women managers. These perspectives can be found in the research community, but also in the area of political and organizational policy making. Suggests that the viewpoints conveyed by the women‐in‐management literature are closely linked to a set of assumptions in organizational theory, and to a particular interpretation of gender. Examines these assumptions to see how they limit our understanding of how and what women can contribute as newcomers in business management.
Not every managerial woman who makes it has a mentor
Authors: Burke Ronald J. , McKeen Carol A.
Published: July 2002

The mentor relationship has been identified as an important contributor to job and career success. Compares managerial and professional women with and without mentors on a variety of measures. These include personal demographic and situational characteristics, work outcomes and aspects of psychological well‐being. Women having mentor relationships were younger, in higher level positions, had shorter job tenure, worked more hours and extra hours per week and attached higher priority to their careers. Women having mentor relationships also indicated more favourable work outcomes but similar levels of psychological well‐being. Results of logistic regression analysis revealed only two significant differences: women with mentors expressed more optimistic future career prospects and worked more extra‐hours per week. Concludes that potential benefits of mentoring for managerial and professional women may be smaller than suggested by proponents of mentoring.
Gender variations in perceptions of performance appraisal
Authors: Hind Patricia , Baruch Yehuda
Published: July 2002

Much research has been directed towards women in management over the past 20 years. Results show that, despite progress being made towards gender equality as to career opportunities, there are still real differences between the sexes in career development and entry to top management levels. Contemporary thinking (Evetts, 1993) suggests that gender‐related research should focus on the development of women’s career prospects in terms of promotion once organizational or professional entry has been established. In line with this, the study reported in this paper (n = 846) was designed to examine and evaluate the potential and actual gender differences in the perception of appraisal systems and career development. Using a closed questionnaire measuring relevant demographic variables and ensuring control of others (educational background, salary, age, tenure, gender, hierarchy level) a number of motivational and attitudinal variables (needs for achievement, control, organizational, job and career satisfaction, organizational commitment) were identified as being relevant to self, peer and manager appraisal processes. Results suggested that gender differences in the reported evaluation of such systems may be detected. Gender variances were found in the cognitive bases of employee work‐oriented attitudes and these were reflected through measures of perceptions of the utility and relevance of formal organizational appraisal systems. Overall, the results indicated that females and males use different information bases when evaluating performance appraisal systems.
Hours spent on household tasks by business school graduates
Authors: Bujaki Merridee L. , McKeen Carol A.
Published: July 2002

It has been suggested that household and family responsibilities may adversely impact the career success achieved by women. This paper examines the number of hours spent weekly on household tasks by male and female business school graduates. Analysis of variance and multiple regression revealed that the presence of children increases the number of hours spent on household tasks by all graduates, but the effect is most pronounced for female graduates. The presence of children adds from three to ten hours per week to the workload of male graduates and from ten to 20 hours per week to the workload of female graduates. Effective organizational initiatives and changes in expectations within families and society are needed so that graduates of business schools, particularly women, can accommodate the careers for which they have been educated as well as their household responsibilities.
Career and life expectations of Chinese business students: the effects of gender
Authors: McKeen Carol A. , Bu Nailin
Published: July 2002

The career and life expectations of male and female Chinese students and graduates of the Certified General Accountants (CGA) Canada program in China were explored using a survey and semi‐structured interviews. The results of the survey were compared to data from students of a leading Canadian business school. Chinese students of both sexes show a much higher level of commitment to their careers than their Canadian counterparts. Despite this commitment, their qualifications, and the critical shortage of professionally trained people in China, female Chinese students are pessimistic about their prospects for career advancement. They cite negative stereotypes, lack of mentors and role models, isolation, and a lack of organizational policies enabling them to successfully fulfill their parental roles as major barriers. This is consistent with the North American literature on the “glass ceiling”.
Media reporting of Third World disasters: the journalist’s perspective
Authors: Bennett Roger , Daniel Martin
Published: July 2002

Editors or senior journalists within a sample of 21 leading UK newspapers were questioned about their opinions of the quality of the information about foreign (especially Third World) catastrophes supplied to them by the major disaster relief charities (Oxfam, Save the Children, ActionAid, etc.). The study also examined the procedures employed by journalists when searching for information about disasters, the major sources of information other than disaster relief organisations to which they referred, and their perceptions of what makes a story about a foreign disaster “newsworthy”. Additionally, the respondents discussed their reactions to the allegation that newspapers’ portrayals of the victims of Third World disasters stereotype, demean and patronise the communities involved. Briefly compares journalistic perspectives on these matters with those of the fund‐raising managers in a sample of seven major disaster relief charities.
Emergency Operating Centre Response to Media Blame Assignation: A Case
Study of an Emergent EOC
Authors: Fischer Henry W. , Harr Valerie J.
Published: July 2002

A three‐person field team devoted four days to gathering data in
Andover, Kansas, USA, after a tornado devastated the Golden Spur Mobile
Home Park on 26 April 1991. They sought to assess the extent to which
the media′s reporting of the local emergency management team′s response
to the disaster influenced the team′s subsequent decisions. The
researchers functioned as participant observers in the emergency
operating centre (EOC), informally interviewed principal EOC members and
media personnel, and obtained copies of media news stories (television
and newspaper) which reported on the organizational response to the
disaster. Assesses the observation and interview data as well as the
content analysis of the news stories and suggests that the EOC team
devoted a considerable portion of their time to responding to the
negative press they received centring around two issues: pre‐impact
warning and post‐impact debris clearance. Some of the media′s news
stories sought to engage in blame assignation. The EOC members devoted
time to developing strategies to control the media damage and changed
some decisions they had made in response to the media′s criticism. The
relevant disaster research literature is utilized to explain the
response of the EOC personnel and the media. Reliance on normal time
roles explains the EOC response to blame assignation.
Improving performance in emergency management
Authors: Doyle John C.
Published: July 2002

Focuses on three management developments for improving organizational performance, with specific reference to fire services. Claims to have applications for most organizations, including rescue services, emergency and disaster planning units. Suggests that opening minds and accepting new information will enable these services to access the benefits of benchmarking and teaming. Provides a literary review, and considers the subject areas as part of an individual vocational study of 15 organizations in three countries (the UK, the USA and Denmark).
Training disaster workers: promoting wellbeing and operational effectiveness
Authors: Paton Douglas
Published: July 2002

Describes the use of schema theory to conceptualize how disaster experience can undermine well‐being and operational performance and discusses how this approach provides a basis for the development of preparatory strategies for promoting worker wellbeing and response effectiveness. Defines specific characteristics of the disaster experience ‐ disaster stressors. Discusses their role in mediating disaster impact and their potential for facilitating the identification of high risk situations, training needs analysis and disaster simulation design. Also discusses selection, training and operational practices in relation to aspects of the disaster experience that elicit a positive and adaptive response.
Organisational response to a volcanic eruption
Authors: Paton Douglas , Johnston David , Houghton Bruce F.
Published: July 2002

This paper reports on the findings of a survey of organisational responses to the 1995 eruptions at Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand. The survey identified co‐ordination, communication, training and management issues that had implications for the quality and effectiveness of an integrated organisational response to hazard impacts. This paper explores the implications of organisational structure and social (professional) identity for developing and sustaining integrated emergency management capability. It also discusses the implications of decision‐making processes and group dynamics for response effectiveness. These issues are used to illustrate the nature and origin of the problems observed in the survey and to define strategies for their resolution and for promoting effective inter‐organisational relationships and integrated emergency management capability.
The Ugandan Life Skills Initiative
Authors: Buczkiewicz Martin , Carnegie Rachel
Published: July 2002

This report analyses the development of the Life Skills Initiative for young people in Uganda. This initiative seeks to strengthen health education in schools by developing pupils’ Life Skills, such as assertiveness, decision making and effective communication, to enable them to translate their health knowledge into practice. In the context of HIV/AIDS, Life Skills are seen as one of the young people’s principal protections against infection. Life Skills education requires a participatory, active learning approach, which presents a challenge to Ugandan schools with their huge classes and didactic teaching styles. The report explores how this challenge is being met, through the school system, and through other channels, including non‐government organisations, the mass media and the health services.
Getting the message across to young drinkers and smokers: brief motivational interventions may help
Authors: Lowe Geoff
Published: July 2002

A short piece on the efficacy of employing brief motivational interventions (one‐to‐one interviews) with young people as a method of reducing their drinking or smoking. If conducted within a medical context they can be seen to have a significant effect on the young person’s future behaviour.
Health information in the new millennium and beyond: the role of computers and the Internet
Authors: Wallace Simon
Published: July 2002

Significant changes in information technology are taking place which will affect all our lives. Health professionals need to maximize the potential benefit of the evolving information technologies as a means of improving public access to information and care. Looks at why this so‐called “information revolution” has come about, the role of CD‐ROMs, public access health information systems, and the Internet, with examples of quality Web pages listed. The article should be read by all those involved with health education as it stresses the importance of the need for this professional group to familiarize themselves as soon as possible with the new technology and develop strategies for incorporating this into their future plans.
The future contribution of school nurses to the health of school age children
Authors: Bagnall Pippa
Published: July 2002

Summarizes the difficulties facing today’s adolescents and data on the prevalence of risk‐taking behaviour which threatens their health. Describes how the school nurse is in a unique position to influence the health of school age children, and is often perceived by them as a caring, listening person whom they can trust. Suggests that school health services are in a rut, straddling the boundary between health and education services and failing to fit neatly into the primary health care team. Outlines how this is having a weakening effect, as providers and purchasers are unwilling to support a service which appears expensive and of questionable value. Deplores the lack of documented evidence on the effectiveness of school health services. Applauds authorities which have replaced routine medical examinations with more appropriate services. Urges the school health service to design services which recognize adolescents as a group with specific health needs. Makes a list of recommendations for achieving this aim.
The health‐promoting school: reflections on school‐parent links
Authors: Denman Susan
Published: July 2002

An integral part of the health‐promoting school approach is the development of sound links and partnerships with parents. Highlights the benefits of fostering home‐school liaison in relation to both general education and health promotion. Discusses activity in this area in terms of a continuum, with information on the curriculum given by schools at one end and community partnerships at the other. Concludes from the findings of recent surveys that, in England, schools are at the early stages of developing liaison with parents. Identifies a number of barriers to progress. Calls for clear, realistic policies at the national level, and for practical guidance that would enable schools to convert policy to practice.
Alcopops and under‐age drinking: changing trends in drink preference
Authors: Barnard Marina , Forsyth Alasdair J.M.
Published: July 2002

Assesses the popularity of the new alcoholic carbonates (alcopops) among 14‐15 year old schoolchildren. Considers the relationship between last occasion consumption of alcopops and self‐reported drunkenness. These data are based on a follow‐up study of schoolchildren who self‐completed the same standard instrument in 1994 and two years later in 1997. The survey was carried out in five Dundee schools selected in consultation with the Local Education Authority. In 1994, schoolchildren in years S3‐4 aged 14‐15 were surveyed (n = 373). The survey was repeated again with S3‐4 pupils in 1996. Data from those pupils originally sampled as S1‐2 pupils and followed up at time 2 (n = 288) are included here. Alcopops were introduced onto the market three months after the first survey was carried out. By the time the original sample was recontacted in 1996, alcopops were the second most likely drink to be consumed by these under‐age drinkers (17.3 per cent drank alcopops, the same proportion as drank vodka, 20.8 per cent consumed ordinary beers on the last occasion). Despite the popularity of alcopops these drinks were not associated with drunkenness. Given the rate of increase in alcopop consumption between the two survey times, it is clear that the alcoholic carbonates are popular among under‐age drinkers. That these drinks are not associated with drunkenness suggests the importance of a better understanding of the decisions young people bring to bear on alcohol choice.
Peer drug education: the way forward?
Authors: Orme Judy , Starkey Fenella
Published: July 2002

The development of drug education for young people in the UK has been the subject of various policy statements in recent years. With the publication of the Government White Papers research has drawn attention to the potential benefits of peer education as a method of drug prevention due mainly to the credibility of young people with their peers. This credibility might be based on age alone, or may also involve credibility stemming from the young person’s own drug use, past or present. This paper discusses issues relating to the effectiveness of peer drug education with particular reference to two evaluations carried out recently in South West England; brings together the most recent literature on peer education; and considers the appropriateness of different approaches in schools and youth work settings. This paper contributes significantly to the debate on the use of peer education as a health education approach.
Children’s perceptions of exercise ‐ are children mini‐adults?
Authors: Burrows Carol , Eves Frank , Cooper Dudley
Published: July 2002

Pre‐adolescent children (51 girls, 23 boys) communicated their thoughts about leisure‐time physical activity within their own frame of reference. The question, “Is there anything you would like to write or draw about exercise?” was used to elicit children’s perceptions of “things that make you feel a bit out of breath, hot and sweaty”. Responses were coded for the presence of motivational factors and barriers to exercise participation. Results suggest boys and girls may hold different motivational constructions of physical activity. Motivational barriers, namely lack of energy and enjoyment were mentioned by boys and girls, suggesting negative perceptions of exercise were readily invoked. Discussion of these results considers the similarities with adult views of exercise. Implications for practice concern identification of children holding negative perceptions of physical activity, in order that effective physical activity promotion strategies can be operationalised.
Limits to empowerment‐based sex education
Authors: Wight Daniel
Published: July 2002

The goal of empowerment is widely aspired to in health promotion. In practice, however, there are several limitations to this approach when applied to school‐based sex education. It is frequently difficult for pupils to express their perceived needs, there are strong arguments for not leaving the sex education agenda entirely to young people, and several barriers exist which constrain pupils from actively participating in sex education exercises. The practical difficulties in implementing empowerment principles suggest that compromises should be made, recognising that participation in decision making has to be consistent with age and capabilities, that social factors inhibit pupils from negotiating their learning needs and that considerable research findings on young people’s sexual health needs already exist.
A First Management Qualification – The DMS
Authors: Rowley Jennifer , Farmer Don
Published: July 2002

Explores, in the form of an interview, the Diploma in Management Studies
(DMS) as a vehicle for management development. Identifies the role of
the DMS as a first professional qualification, and discusses the
benefits of pursuing a DMS in terms of self‐development, the development
of management competences and the enhancement of career progression
activities.
An In‐house DMS Course
Authors: Hughes Katy
Published: July 2002

A brief account of a DMS course developed for the London Borough of
Newham. Describes the content and identifies the advantages and
disadvantages of each programme.
Life beyond the bookshelves
Authors: Kerr Cathel
Published: July 2002

Describes the author′s work as an indexer for EMBase, one of the
major medical databases. Some issues related to teleworking are also
discussed: employment conditions, supervision and communication,
computer maintenance, health and safety, isolation, and advantages of
homeworking.
Continuing professional development for the information discipline of records management. Part 2: report of a research project
Authors: King Lesley , Hare Catherine , McLeod Julie
Published: July 2002

Presents the results of a research project into the continuing vocational education (CVE) training needs of records management practitioners. Makes suggestions on the implications for the career development of records managers and other information professionals. Highlights pertinent areas of other research not covered within the scope of the CVE research. Conclusions include the acknowledgement that there is some overlap of skills between library and information professionals and records management practitioners, and that, in the current business climate of perpetual change, organizations need an effective records management strategy operated by people with the appropriate skills.
Training and development for library and information workers for the future: A Manifesto
Authors: Barden Philip
Published: July 2002

Examines the competencies which will be required by the information worker of the twenty‐first century. Emphasis is placed on those new technology skills which are constitutive of the information industries of the future. The paper challenges the assumption that there will always be a role for the information professional. It is argued that unless the profession proactively pursues added‐value activities based on new technologies it will become superfluous.
Assessing Total Quality Training in Wales
Authors: Patel Anoop
Published: July 2002

Presents survey results of training for quality in manufacturing
companies in Wales. Six geographical areas – Cardiff, Newport, Swansea,
Llandudno, Shrewsbury and Llandrindod Wells, in Wales, were selected for
investigation. A high response rate indicates a “renaissance” in quality
in manufacturing in Wales. Quality is recognized by many organizations
in Wales and results show that companies are beginning to address
training in quality requirements. The Wales Quality Centre is used by a
large percentage of the companies surveyed.
Understanding and applying Deming’s primary concept of
“profound knowledge”
Authors: Anjard Ronald P.
Published: July 2002

Explores the prevailing system of management in the West, which has
discouraged individual initiative. The results are decreased innovation
and a reduction in applied technology. To restore motivation, innovation
and joy in work and learning, a transformation of management is
essential. This transformation requires application of a system of
profound knowledge and an understanding of processes and statistics.
Areas of understanding include: system optimization, blending
statistical analysis with human empowerment, and the practical use of
theoretical knowledge. Additionally, transformation requires that
management must comprehend human behaviour, cultural forces,
motivational techniques and the process of change. The transformation is
based on the theory of Dr W. Edwards Deming.
Empowered customer service
Authors: Cook Sarah , Macaulay Steve
Published: July 2002

Discusses the characteristics of an empowered organization and what has led to the increasing popularity of empowerment. Asks whether it is simply empty management rhetoric or a practical tool for change. Describes the benefits to the customer from this approach and what empowerment means to the employee. Concludes that to be successful, empowerment needs to take place in a supportive framework, with management buy‐in at all levels and help being given to managers so they become coaches and facilitators. Also training alone is not sufficient but may need other tools, such as team building, creating one right culture and reward and recognition programmes.
Re‐engineering: using the customer as a unifying factor
Authors: Denton D. Keith
Published: July 2002

Looks at how companies can go about creating a competitive culture using American Express as an example. Provides details of their programme, including their focus of attitudinal training and the role of leadership. American Express has chosen quality service to their customers as their unifying factor and this has worked well, as employees can easily put themselves into the customer’s shoes and, if the process is done correctly, take pride in a job well done. Looks at the firm’s intrastructure, in‐house training sessions, service tracking, reports, transaction‐based surveys, establishing of links, performance reviews, attitudinal training, employee involvement, and communications. Concludes by noting American Express confirm that people want to give their best and it is management’s job to encourage employees and then empower them so they can do so.
The measurement of the implementation of TQM in Anglian Water Services, directorate of engineering
Authors: Burgess Philip A. , Reavill Lawrence R.P.
Published: July 2002

Discusses an investigation currently being undertaken into the implementation of total quality management in the engineering directorate of Anglian Water Services Ltd. Identifies the need to measure the effectiveness of the execution of total quality in the company and feed back any recommended changes to enable improvements to be put into effect. A holistic approach to the measurement of the effectiveness of TQM is required not only to investigate and measure the “harder issues” such as structure, strategy and systems of an organization, but also the “softer issues” such as values, beliefs and behaviours (the effects of instigating the harder issues).
Are creative ability and work standardization in contradictory relationship?
Authors: Kondo Yoshio
Published: July 2002

Argues that a full display of creativity is indispensable, not only for developing new products and technology, but also for managing any business for future development, if it is to result in market growth and profitability. Work standardization, on the other hand, is stressed in the ISO 9000 Series Standards to raise work efficiency and to ensure product quality. Although both elements of creativity and standardization are considered indispensable for corporate management, they are thought to be mutually exclusive, because the remaining space for creative work is reduced along with the progress of work standardization. Demonstrates, on the contrary, that they are complementary.
Staff development for school education quality: implications of multimodels
Authors: Ming Tam Wai , Cheong Cheng Yin
Published: July 2002

Believes that an urgent need for in‐depth understanding of the relationship of staff development to education quality exists in current educational reforms, policy making, and teacher education. Based on the existing knowledge of education quality, quality management and effective schools, aims to propose a framework to show how staff development can be designed and managed to contribute to the assurance and enhancement of school education quality from the perspective of seven multimodels of school education quality. Different models emphasize different aspects of school education quality and propose different strategies to enhance it. For ensuring long‐term school education quality in a changing educational environment, staff development can be organized and managed according to the major concerns of multimodels. Proposes some practical considerations for designing and implementing school‐based staff development.
A model for managing the transition from ISO 9000 to TQM
Authors: Meegan Sarah Teresa
Published: July 2002

Estimates suggest that 100,000 companies are currently registered to ISO 9000 ‐ a phenomenal figure. Yet so comparatively few have made the further quality transition to TQM. In general, published work combining ISO 9000 and TQM is lacking. However, of the little which does exist, the consensus is that registration to the standard offers a valuable route to TQM. Asks why managers appear so unconvinced. Identifies several factors which emerge from the literature as influencing this transition process and seeks to consolidate the various dimensions into a comprehensive framework which will serve as the base of analysis for the next phase of this ongoing study.
Family Internet
Authors: Bowen Philip W.
Published: July 2002

Highlights the need to improve organizational communication and training. Discusses the need for organizations to develop staff values and objectives before considering the role of communications in such a company.
Using empowerment to turn employees into entrepreneurs ‐ an internalization too far?
Authors: Minett Steve , Ellis Steve
Published: July 2002

Argues that empowerment programmes aim at inducing “entrepreneurial” behaviours and attitudes in employees, and that this aim ignores a fundamental internal inconsistency. Further, the traditional structure of formal organizations excludes a number of the conditions necessary to sustain such behaviour. Poor or diminished job security, the absence of real ownership stakes for employees, the continued power of formal authority, all militate against the objectives of true empowerment. In addition, the lack of adequate “reality‐testing” mechanisms for internal communications puts organizations seeking to reap the benefits of an empowered culture in a difficult and possibly dangerous position. Uses evidence from senior HR/OD executives in organizations which have introduced empowerment to substantiate the claims made.
Doctorates – converging or diverging patterns of provision
Authors: Hoddell Stephen , Street Deborah , Wildblood Helena
Published: July 2002

Since the 1980s, the traditional research‐based route to a PhD and the PhD by publication have been joined by practice‐based doctorates, professional doctorates and recently by the new route PhD. The National Qualifications Framework was intended to provide points of reference for the setting, assessment and maintenance of standards at all levels of qualification. Qualification descriptors are intended to articulate the achievements and wider abilities which candidates at any level should be able to demonstrate. Examines the implications of the NQF for doctorates, and reviews the extent to which the various doctoral routes meet its requirements. Regulations, award processes and submission requirements frequently offer inadequate opportunities for candidates to demonstrate the NQF descriptors, and there is considerable divergence in practice as well as in title. There is a need for consistency, which could be achieved with the convergence of doctoral routes towards the new route PhD and the professional doctorate.
Empowering Disadvantaged Employees
Authors: Echiejile Innocent
Published: July 2002

Many organizations seek to unleash staff potential by empowering their
employees. However, mainstream empowerment programs do not reflect the
unique problems faced by disadvantaged employees, namely, people with
disabilities, women, and ethnic minorities. As a result, the programs
fail to offer solutions which can both facilitate the resolution of the
problems and enable an organization to maximize the benefits of
empowerment initiatives. Shows why employers need to adopt top‐up
measures for disadvantaged employees, in addition to the programs for
all employees. Discusses empowerment initiatives specifically for
disadvantaged employees which some employers have integrated
successfully into the central management role.
Whither democracy? Lost debates in management empowerment
Authors: Collins David
Published: July 2002

Attempts to recontextualize the study of empowerment in management by (re)tracing the linkages between the concepts of participation, democracy and empowerment. Reforging the linkages between these concepts, proceeds to analyze the various conceptions to show the often neglected complexity of this area of debate, a debate seemingly lost in much of the management literature. Attempts to analyze the extent to which this loss of academic debate is mirrored by a loss of debate and representation in the workplace.
Shoot the messenger! Crazy management fads and faddish management “crazies“
Authors: de Burgundy Jak
Published: July 2002

Sets out to encourage a critical reappraisal of the models and practices of management consultancy. Tracing the historical development of management consultancy, argues that management thinking and practice has been unduly influenced by management consultants who have made use of flawed and increasingly faddish ideas and models. Examining these fads, and the groups who have promoted them, concludes by arguing that managers should dispense with the services of management consultants, and should instead learn to understand the world of work as experienced by their employees.
Analysis of pricing strategies for new product introduction
Authors: Prasad Biren
Published: July 2002

States that one weakness of new product introduction (NPI) is the elapsed time required to bring the product to market. Many manufacturing companies are losing the competitive race in this area to the speedy and effective execution process, which other successful companies (for example, some Japanese electronic manufacturers) use. Analyzes two sets of companies: those that bring the products to market early; and those which do so late. Describes the advantages of a company bringing product into the marketplace before its competitors, and how a company can wrestle away a larger share of the marketplace. Also provides some closed form algorithms for computing projected shares of sales volume. Using this formula, a company can compute what sales volume a company can lock‐in by introducing a product to market when demand or need for a product is at its peak. Also provides a computational means for calculating possible loss of revenues when a company is not able to bring a product timely to the marketplace.
Disaster recovery planning: a strategy for data security
Authors: Hawkins Steve M. , Yen David C. , Chou David C.
Published: July 2002

The migration from centralized mainframe computers to distributed client/server systems has created a concern on data security. If a disaster occurs to the organization that destroys a server or the entire network, a company may not be able to recover from the loss. Developing an effective disaster recovery plan will help an organization protect them from data loss.
Establishing mutual dependence between TQM and the learning organization: a multiple case study analysis
Authors: Terziovski Milè , Howel Andrea , Sohal Amrik , Morrison Michael
Published: July 2002

Reports on a theoretical framework based on Senge’s principles and the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) criteria. Qualitative data were gathered from five Australian companies that had established practices in the TQM field. Multiple cross‐case content analysis was undertaken to evaluate the proposition that “TQM and the Learning Organization are mutually dependent”. Our major finding is that TQM principles and concepts underpin the evolution of the learning organization. The implication is that managers that are involved in TQM do not need a new mindset or paradigm called “learning organization”. Organizations need to recognise that their continuous improvement activities as part of the TQM philosophy have created their “learning organization”.
Organisational learning and innovation in the construction industry
Authors: Vakola Maria , Rezgui Yacine
Published: July 2002

The paper focuses on the contribution which adequate organisational learning and innovation can make to the enhancement, development and improvement of professional expertise in the construction domain. The paper, based on research undertaken within the European (fourth framework)‐funded CONDOR project, explores the role of evaluation in a business process re‐engineering initiative and its relationship with organisational learning and innovation. The paper presents the evaluation of the implementation of a business process re‐engineering project in three case studies in the construction industry. The implementation of the BPR project was based on an eight‐stage BPR methodology. The participating companies were asked to evaluate the implementation, describe the decisions made in order to adapt to the change process and analyse the potential benefits that they expect in terms of business performance improvement, organisational effectiveness and user acceptability. Finally, this paper discusses the evaluation results of the implementation of a business process re‐engineering model in three case studies in order to identify links with organisational learning and innovation.
The role of climate and socialization in developing interfunctional coordination
Authors: Ross Wooldridge Barbara , Minsky Barbara D.
Published: July 2002

Interfunctional coordination may be of primary importance to a firm developing a sustainable competitive advantage. This paper suggests that climate and socialization processes facilitate the development of interfunctional coordination, and thus its impact on firm performance. By merging the organizational culture, market orientation, climate, socialization, and competing values framework streams of literature to describe the process by which an organization positions itself in the competitive arena, a framework is developed and research propositions are offered.
Creativity and the Learning Culture
Authors: White Martha G.
Published: July 2002

Calls for a deep exploration of the changes in thinking and behaviour
necessary for the creation of a learning organization. The issues of
individual and organizational evolution and transformation call for
asking profound questions such as “What does it mean to learn?”, “How
does a learner think, feel and relate?” and “What and why do we seek to
learn?” Explores the shift from information to knowledge leading to
wisdom, the personal requirements necessary to become a learner, the
difference between training and creative learning, the promise of
collaborative intelligence, the power available in the union of
differences, communication of new knowledge, and the foundations of the
innate urge to learn and evolve. Concludes that a learning culture is
built with individuals who have chosen to grow into being mature
learners and recommends certain areas of introspection and exploration
in order to access the power and potential available to creative
learners and learning organizations.
Should environmental management standards be a mechanistic control system or a framework for learning?
Authors: Strachan Peter
Published: July 2002

Analyses the key aims of the recently formulated environmental management standards BS 7750, EMAS and ISO 14001, and then queries the efficacy of the management systems prescribed in their formal documentation. Isolates the various components of the standards’ management system and then considers whether or not the approach taken is appropriate for the attainment of their stipulated aims. Concludes that the environmental standards should be fundamentally revised and replaced with more participatory forms of management and organization that push a firm towards a learning organization mode.
The effects of formal mentoring on employee work motivation, organizational commitment and job performance
Authors: Orpen Christopher
Published: July 2002

Examines the effects of a two‐year formal mentoring programme in a medium‐sized manufacturing company on the work motivation, organizational commitment and job performance of mentees. Single measures were obtained, for each mentor‐mentee pair, at the completion of the programme, from the 39 mentors and 39 mentees who remained. These measures included the pairs’ interaction opportunities; and the closeness of their relationship. At the same time, measures were obtained from mentees of their work motivation and organizational commitment. The performance of each mentee was given by ratings from their superiors. Significant relations were found between interaction opportunities and both motivation and commitment, and between relationship closeness and both these attitudes. Finds that the relations between the two mentoring variables and performance were both non‐significant. The results suggest that formal mentoring can improve employee attitudes without necessarily raising their performance, at least in the short term.