bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Administrasi Keuangan
Authors: Azura M.Ronald
Published: December 2019

this articel describe abaout administrasi
Administrasi PTK
Authors: violensia Nadea
Published: December 2019

at this time we discuss the Procurement of personnel, which is the process of filling an empty formation. It should be noted that the formation of vacant formations, in addition to being caused by the development of institutions by adding new positions.PTK administrative processes are divided into three types, namely the provision of employment, placement and organization. PTK government welfare has also provided salaries, benefits and awards. there are also several types of leave that have been provided in accordance with applicable regulations.
Effects of nicotine on pupil size and performance during multiple-object tracking in non-nicotine users
Authors: Wardhani Intan K. , Mathot Sebastiaan , Boehler C. Nico , Laeng Bruno
Published: December 2019

Nicotine has been commonly used in pyschopharmacological studies, showing its benefits as a pharmacological stimulant on cognitive performance. In the current study, we investigated the effects of 2 mg (Experiment 1) and 4 mg (Experiment 2) of nicotine on performance on a multiple-object-tracking task. Participants were young non-smoking adults with no pre-existing attentional deficits. Nicotine and placebo were administered through nicotine and nicotine- free taste-matched chewing gum, respectively. Additionally, we compared pupil size between nicotine and placebo conditions in both experiments. Although we found that pupil size was considerably smaller in the nicotine conditions, nicotine administration did not appear to facilitate behavioural performance. We speculate that nicotine might enhance performance only for certain cognitive functions, and only for specific populations, such as nicotine-deprived smokers.
A legislação canônica da escolha dos bispos no primeiro milênio
Authors: Luiz Reginaldo Roberto
Published: December 2019

Um dos temas de maior importância na história da Igreja, sem dúvida é a designatio episcoporum, isto é, a escolha dos bispos. Durante o primeiro milênio, é possível encontrar inúmeras fontes que abordam as diversas eclesiologias, formas e sistemas das escolhas episcopais. Desde o contexto do Novo Testamento, passando pelos séculos seguintes, seja em âmbito consuetudinário ou legislativo, dentro e fora da Igreja, nos mostra que a escolha do bispo, era um tema primordial na Igreja e na sociedade. Essa problemática, seja abordada no âmbito dos concílios, dos escritores eclesiásticos, ou até mesmo por meio das determinações por parte do poder temporal, era foco de grande responsabilidade e interesse de imperadores, reis, príncipes, nobres, etc. Por parte da Igreja, houve grande preocupação em abster-se de influencias negativas por parte do poder civil e dos eclesiásticos que não respondiam a uma verdadeira evangelização, como pode-se observar nos textos da patrologia, nas legislações conciliares, etc. Por outro lado, havia o grande interesse do poder temporal nas escolhas episcopais, que lhes garantiriam um grande status, não tendo em um primeiro momento, uma preocupação espiritual, como tal, mas simplesmente com interesses mundanos. Portanto, essa é uma história marcada por tensões, conflitos e de muita instabilidade que sempre esteve presente nas escolhas dos candidatos ao episcopado.
Program semester antara: efektivitasnya terhadap penguasaan konsep mahasiswa pada matakuliah kimia dasar
Authors: Bahriah Evi Sapinatul , Nugroho Aditya Riky
Published: December 2019

Kimia dasar merupakan salah satu matakuliah wajib yang mengkaji konsep-konsep kimia esensial yang harus dikuasai oleh mahasiswa calon guru kimia agar menjadi guru kimia profesional dan kompeten. Rendahnya nilai matakuliah Kimia Dasar menuntut Universitas untuk membuka progam perkuliahan semester antara. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana efektivitas program semester antara terhadap penguasaan konsep mahasiswa pada matakuliah Kimia Dasar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa program studi pendidikan kimia yang berjumlah 31 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk menjaring informasi adalah tes esai dan kuesioner. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil tes dan kuesioner menunjukkan bahwa program perkuliahan semester antara dapat meningkatkan penguasaan konsep mahasiswa pada matakuliah kimia dasar. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat pada perolehan nilai rata-rata UTS sebesar 63.5 (kategori cukup) dan UAS sebesar 74.0 (kategori baik) dan berdasarkan hasil kuesioner menujukan bahwa mahasiswa memberikan respon positif terhadap pelaksanaan program ini.Kimia dasar merupakan salah satu matakuliah wajib yang mengkaji konsep-konsep kimia esensial yang harus dikuasai oleh mahasiswa calon guru kimia agar menjadi guru kimia profesional dan kompeten. Rendahnya nilai matakuliah Kimia Dasar menuntut Universitas untuk membuka progam perkuliahan semester antara. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana efektivitas program semester antara terhadap penguasaan konsep mahasiswa pada matakuliah Kimia Dasar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa program studi pendidikan kimia yang berjumlah 31 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk menjaring informasi adalah tes esai dan kuesioner. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil tes dan kuesioner menunjukkan bahwa program perkuliahan semester antara dapat meningkatkan penguasaan konsep mahasiswa pada matakuliah kimia dasar. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat pada perolehan nilai rata-rata UTS sebesar 63.5 (kategori cukup) dan UAS sebesar 74.0 (kategori baik) dan berdasarkan hasil kuesioner menujukan bahwa mahasiswa memberikan respon positif terhadap pelaksanaan program ini.
Education Systems as Contextual Factors in the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Framework
Authors: Dobi Barišić Karolina , Divjak Blaženka , Kirinić Valentina
Published: December 2019

Digital competences should be considered in teacher education and professional development. The Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework represents the knowledge required by teachers in order to successfully integrate technology into the teaching process. The Survey of Pre-service Teachers’ Knowledge of Teaching and Technology (SPTKTT) is one of the inventories developed to measure the TPACK framework. The aim of this study is to validate the SPTKTT inventory in the context of the Croatian education system by the use of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results showed that the new context structure of the SPTKTT inventory consists of nine factors, while confirmatory factor analysis established that the two Content Knowledge factors can actually be unified. This can be explained by differing content organization in education systems. There were also differences in the distribution of some of the remaining factors. Internal consistency of the inventory shows high reliability.
Ricardo Palma, clasicismo y modernidad: Estética del nacionalismo y creación verbal
Authors: Pantigoso Pecero Manuel
Published: December 2019

ResumenEl trabajo se inicia señalando la actualidad de Palma a través de la ligazón dialéctica muerte-vida. Se destaca su entrañable vínculo con la Biblioteca Nacional, para luego conceptuar la tradición como búsqueda de la identidad nacional, esencia clásica y moderna, y ficción histórica que ella representa.Palabras clave: permanencia, nacionalismo, tradición, ficción, historia.

Abstract:The paper begins by pointing out Palma’s actuality through the dialectical link between death and life. It highlights its close link with the National Library and then conceptualizes tradition as a search for national identity, classic and modern essence, and historical fiction it represents.Keywords: Permanence, nationalism, tradition, fiction, history.
Existing Framework of Inter-Religious Dialogue in Malaysia
Authors: Mohamed Yasin Suraya
Published: December 2019

This paper attempts to examine the existing framework of inter-religious dialogue in Malaysia and its development from the very beginning. The goal of this study is to explore the framework of inter-religious dialogue in Malaysia, which promotes mutual respect and better understanding among the adherents of different religions in Malaysia. This research is very important. It presents the evolution of inter-religious dialogue in Malaysia’s multi-religious society. This study focuses on:(1) Factors behind the development of inter-religious dialogue in Malaysia; and(2) The role of selected governmental and non-governmental organizations as well as higher education institution in promoting peace and harmony through inter-religious dialoguein Malaysia. Descriptive and analytical methods are utilized in this paper. The findings will add new insights to the exiting literature on inter-religious dialogue.
BARIŞ MANÇO’NUN “DÖRT KAPI” ADLI ESERİNİN METİNLERARASILIK BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ERDOĞAN Göktürk
Published: December 2019

Julia Kristeva tarafından oluşturulan
metinlerarasılık, tarihsel metinlerin birbirleriyle olan karşılıklı etkileşim
ve alışverişine dayalı olarak kurgulanan post-modern bir söylem biçimidir. Bu
yönüyle metinlerarasılık, aynı zamanda kolektif bir hafızanın ürünü olarak kavramları
veya olguları zamandan bağımsız olarak yeniden üreterek toplumsal belleğin
canlı kalmasına da yardımcı olur. Müzik eserleri de -doğası gereği-
metinlerarası söylemlerin kullanılabileceği alanların başında gelmektedir.
Nitekim XX. yüzyıl Türk popüler müzik tarihi açısından önemli bir isim
olan Barış Manço, gündelik kaygılara ve konulara sıkışmayan eserleri ve özgün
sanatçı kimliği ile alanında iz bırakmış sanatçılardan biri olarak bu çalışmaya
konu olmuştur. Geçmiş ve bugün arasında kurduğu ilişkinin yanı sıra
eserlerindeki çok katmanlı söylem biçimi, 
Manço’yu döneminin çok ötesine taşıyabilmiştir. Barış Manço’nun
şarkılarında genellikle didaktik konular ağır basmakla birlikte dini motifli
eserleri incelendiğinde, Anadolu inanç sistemleri ve özellikle Türk-İslam
tasavvufuna ait pek çok mistik temayı bulabilmek mümkündür. İnanç, insan olmak
ve öteki dünya gibi pek çok felsefi konuyu eserlerine taşıyan sanatçı,
bestelediği şarkılarla Türk popüler müzik tarihinde ayrıcalıklı bir yerde
durmaktadır. Bu şarkılardan birisi sanatçının 1985 yılında çıkardığı “24 Ayar”
adlı albümünde yer alan Dört Kapı adlı eserdir. Türk-İslam kültüründen pek çok
mistik söylemi içinde barındıran bu eser, nitel araştırma deseni kullanılarak
metinlerarası bir bakışla incelenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Y VE Z KUŞAĞI’NIN YOUTUBE KULLANIM ALIŞKANLIKLARI
Authors: GÖK Benan , KIRIK Ali Murat , AKŞİT Murat
Published: December 2019

Günümüzde
sosyal medya hayatımızın merkezinde yer almaya başlamış, her yaştan ve her
kesimden bireyi kapsamına almıştır. Etkileşimli web adı verilen Web 2.0
teknolojisi sanal ortamda daha katılımcı yapının oluşmasını sağlamıştır. Bu
katılımcı yapı farklı sosyal paylaşım ağlarında farklı içeriklerin
oluşturulmasını ortaya koymuştur. Özellikle dünyada YouTube, bu noktada
gittikçe popüler hale gelen video paylaşım sitesi haline gelmiştir. Hatta
popüler bir hâle gelen YouTube’da kuşakların video izleme alışkanlıkları
giderek değişmeye başlamış böylece içeriklerde bir dönüşüm yaşanmıştır. Çünkü
YouTube içeriklerinin kullanım düzeyi kuşaktan kuşağa farklılık gösterir hâle
gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada Y ve Z kuşaklarının YouTube’da video izleme alışkanları
tespit edilmeye çalışılmış ve bu alışkanların değişiklik gösterip
göstermediğinin saptanması hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan 308 bireyin konu
hakkındaki düşünceleri nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden anket tekniği ile
saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Özellikle “play” tuşunun bireylerde hissettirdiği
anlam kuşaklara göre farklılık göstermekle birlikte, sosyal medya
platformlarında yapılan yorumlardan etkilenme düzeylerinde anlamlı farklılık
saptanmamıştır. Bu kapsamda, Y ve Z kuşağının takip ettiği kanallarda önemli
farklılık söz konusudur. Y kuşağı dizi, film ve program kanallarını tercih
ederken, Z kuşağı Influencer kanallarına daha yoğun ilgi göstermektedir.
Kuşakların YouTube kullanım alışkanlıkları göz önünde bulundurulduğunda
içeriklerin bu alışkanlara göre oluşturulması özellikle firmalara ışık tutarak,
firmaların verecekleri kararların uygulamalarında hedef kitleye daha hızlı ve
etkili bir şekilde ulaşılması öngörülmektedir.
TÜRKÇEDE OLUMSUZLUĞUN BAZI GÖRÜNÜMLERİ
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Bilge
Published: December 2019

Kutupsallık bilgisel nesnel kiplik çerçevesinde tanımlanmaktadır. Bilgisel kiplik ise konuşucunun bir olay-durumunun gerçekleşip gerçekleşmemesinden emin olup olmadığını kodlamayı sağlamaktadır. Dik bu tanımlamalardan hareketle olumsuzluğun anlambilimsel ve edimbilimsel açıdan ele alınması gerektiğini ve daha kapsamlı bir olumsuzluk türü ölçeği oluşturulması gerektiğini ileri sürmektedir. Buna göre tümce, önerme, yüklemleme, yüklem ve kurucu olmak üzere beş çözümleme düzeyi belirlemiştir. Edimzsözel olumsuzluk, edimsel eylemlerin olumsuzlanmasıyla elde edilmektedir. Önermesel kutupsallıkta, konuşucu bağlamda verilen ya da sezdirilen, olumlu ya da olumsuz bir önermeyi onaylamakta ya da reddetmektedir. Her iki durumda da konuşucu önermenin doğruluğu hakkındaki kişisel değerlendirmesini sunar. Yüklemlemenin olumsuzlanması ise,belli bir olay durumunun gerçekleşmemesinin nesnel olarak sunulduğu bir yapı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu tür olumsuzluk yalnızca yüklem üzerinde etkilidir ve eğer bu yüklem bir yüklemlemede kullanılırsa önermeyi olumsuz yapamamaktadır. Olumsuz bildirimlere ulaşmanın çok farklı bir yolu da kurucu olumsuzlama ya da sıfır-niceleme yoluyla olumsuzluktur. Bu ayrımlar göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, çalışmanın amacı dillerdeki olumsuzluk olgusunun İşlevsel Dilbilgisi (Dik 1997) çerçevesinde nasıl açıklandığının ortaya konması ve bu bağlamda Türkçedeki kimi olumsuzluk görünümlerinin açığa çıkartılması olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda öncelikle olumsuzluğun ne olduğu ve hangi düzlemlerde işlediği ele alınacak, ardından Türkçedeki olumsuzluk incelenecektir. Türkçenin olumsuzluğu Dik’in belirttiği 5 düzlemde de kullandığı gözlemlenmiştir. Ancak Türkçede olumsuzluk üzerine yapılan çalışmaların daha çok {-mE} ve {değil} birimleri üzerine odaklanması özellikle yüklem ve kurucu düzeyindeki olumsuzluğun incelenmesini geri plana itmiştir.
ARŞİV BELGELERİNE GÖRE FİLİSTİN’DE SALGIN HASTALIKLAR VE ALINAN ÖNLEMLER ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: CEYLAN YİĞİT Sibel
Published: December 2019

Osmanlı coğrafyasının jeostratejik ve jeopolitik
konumuna binaen belli dönemlerde salgın hastalıklar görülmüştür. Dünya çapında
belli aralıklarla büyük oranda kayıplara neden olan salgın hastalıklar, bir
köprü görevi gören Osmanlı Devleti’nde hem sosyal hem de ekonomik açıdan büyük
çaplı zayiata neden olmuştur. Tifüs (lekeli humma), veba, kolera, cüzzam,
frengi gibi hastalıkların Filistin’de de zuhur ettiği ve bu hastalıklar için
Osmanlı Devleti’nin bir takım önlemler aldığı bilinmektedir. Bu bağlamda
Osmanlı Devleti, XIX. yüzyılın pozitivist zihniyetiyle sağlık kurumlarında
önemli bir aşama kaydetmiştir. Bu çalışmada amaç, XIX. yüzyıl ve XX. yüzyıl
başlarında Filistin’de ortaya çıkan salgın hastalıkları birincil kaynaklara
dayanarak tarihsel bir perspektifle ele almaktır. Çalışmamızın yöntemi
Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivinde kayıtlı belgelerden elde ettiğimiz verilere
dayanmaktadır. Konu ile ilgili kayıtlar, Bab-ı Ali Sadaret Mektubî Kalemi,
Bab-ı Âlî Evrak Odası, Yıldız Esas Evrakı, Mütenevvî Maruzât Evrakı, Umum
Vilayetler Tahrirâtı, Meclis-i Vükela Mazbataları, Mebânî-i Emîriye ve
Hapishâneler Müdüriyeti Belgeleri, Şûrâ-yı Devlet Defterleri, İrade Dâhiliye,
Zabtiye Nezareti, Dâhiliye Nezareti Belgeleri’nden tespit edilerek çalışmaya
dâhil edilmiştir.
دور الامبراطورية العثمانية في إعمار مدينة بيت المقدس وتطوير بنياتها ومرافقها
Authors: ZINELABIDINE Zariouh
Published: December 2019

تركت
الإمبراطورية العثمانية بصمة واضحة على مدينة بيت المقدس خلال حكمها الذي امتد
لحوالي أربعة قرون، وخصوصا فيما يتعلق بالبنيات الأساسية للمدينة (الأسوار
والأبراج والقلاع والطرق وأسبلة الماء والتكايا والمدارس والمستشفيات والأسواق
وغيرها)، حتى أصبحت توصف بالمدينة العثمانية لكثرة ما خلفه الحكم العثماني من
انعكاسات اقتصادية واجتماعية وثقافية وأمنية إيجابية على مدى تاريخ المدينة
المقدسة الحديث والمعاصر، لا زلنا نلمس آثارها إلى حد الساعة. بحيث أسهم السلاطين
العثمانيون المتعاقبون -بفعل اهتمامهم الخاص بالمدينة- في
إعمارها وتطويرها على كافة الأصعدة، نتيجة المشاريع والميزانيات وكل الإمكانيات
المادية والبشرية التي رصدت لها على طول الفترة العثمانية.
Religious minorities in Jerusalem and their role in the balance of conflict between the Ottoman Empire and European states: A Study through Ottoman Archival Documents (1517-1916)
Authors: ŞERİFOĞLU Metin
Published: December 2019

This study deals with the issue of religious
minorities in Jerusalem and its role in the balance of conflict between the
Ottomans and Europeans from 1516 to 1916. This study was analysed through two
main topics: First, the historical and political circumstances in which
Jerusalem was ruled by the Ottomans, and the most important religious
minorities in Jerusalem and the position of the Ottoman state towards them.  Secondly, the activities and pursuits that
these religious minorities and missionary schools practiced in cooperation with
foreign countries and their consulates in Jerusalem. Besides the role they
played in the conflict between the Ottomans and the European powers from the beginning
of the eighteenth century. In our analysis, we relied on the Ottoman archival
documents in the Presidential Archives in Istanbul.
Cardiorespiratory and muscular endurance of sedentary children and adolescents with or without intellectual disability in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: BOFOSA Teddy , MİANGİNDULA Betty , NKİAMA Constant , KAM Eric , BUMOKO Guy
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to assess the level of physical fitness and sedentary children with disabilities included in Kinshasa. One hundred-thirty children were included in this study, 70 with intellectual disability (ID, age: 12.4 ± 4 years) and 60 without ID (age: 11.6 ± 4 years). Flexibility, explosive strength, grip strength, abdominal endurance, and cardiorespiratory endurance tests were used. They are supplemented by the measurement of anthropometric characteristics. Measurements of muscular strength endurance, isometric force, walking distance and cardiorespiratory endurance was significantly higher in comparison with ID (p<0.05). The muscular strength endurance, isometric strength walking distance and cardiorespiratory endurance of girls was significantly lower than those of the control group (p <0.05). It is clear from this study that the cardiorespiratory and muscular endurance of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities is inferior to those of children without intellectual disabilities regardless of the type of children.
Strategi Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Sintaksis Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia FKIP Universitas Bengkulu dengan Metode Brainstorming
Authors: Basuki Rokhmat , Suryadi Suryadi
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan proses pembelajaran sintaksis dan mengetahui peningkatan prestasi perkuliahan sintaksis dengan menggunakan metode brainstorming pada mahaiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia FKIP Universitas Bengkulu. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes, wawancara, dan observasi. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa semester IVc Program Studi Pendidilan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, Fakultas Keguruan dan  Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Bengkulu. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan cara reduksi data, penyajian data, interpretasi hasil analisis tes, wawancara, dan observasi, serta membuat kesimpulan berdasarkan indikator keberhasilan penelitian tindakan kelas. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terjadi perubahan sikap dan perilaku mahasiswa yang lebih positif. Pada siklus pertama mahasiswa terlihat senang dan bersemangat dalam perkuliahan. Selain itu, pada siklus kedua mahasiswa semakin aktif dan antusias dalam mengikuti seluruh rangkaian perkuliahan. Prestasi perkuliahan yang  diperoleh para mahasiswa dengan kategori meningkat dengan hasil memuaskan. Terbukti pada siklus pertama, nilai rata-rata mahasiswa 70  dengan rincian 7 mahasiswa yang mendapatkan nilai baik sekali atau 19%. Mahasiswa dengan nilai baik berjumlah 19 atau  53%. Kemudian, mahasiswa dengan nilai cukup sebanyak 10 atau 28%. Sedangkan pada siklus kedua pencapaian nilai rata-rata 78,5 dengan rincian 12 mahasiswa mendapat nilai baik sekali atau 33%, sedangkan mahasiswa yang mendapatkan nilai baik 24 mahasiswa atau 67%.
Bioethanol (Biofuel) Production from Low Grade Dates
Authors: Ali Abbas Raghad , M. Flayeh Hussain
Published: December 2019

Bioethanol production from sugar fermentation is one of the most sustainable alternatives to substitute fossil fuel. production of bioethanol from low grade dates which are rich of sugars. An available sugar from a second grade dates (reduction sugar) was 90g/l in this study. Sugar can be served as essential carbon sources for yeast growth in aerobic condition and can also be converted to bioethanol in anaerobic condition. The effect of various parameters on bioethanol production, fermentation time, pH-values, inoculum size and initial sugar concentration were varied in order to determine the optimal of bioethanol production. The highest bioethanol yield was 33g/l which was obtained with sugar concentration 90 g/l, inoculum size 1%, 52h time and pH-value 5.
MÜZİK KİMLİĞİYLE PROF. DR. ÖZDEMİR NUTKU
Authors: TARANÇ Berrak
Published: December 2019

Prof. Dr Özdemir Nutku, tiyatro bilimci, oyuncu, şair, yazar, çevirmen, eleştirmen, yönetmen, iyi bir müzisyen, besteci, akademisyen, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi’nin kurucularından, yetkin bir eğitimcidir. Elinde kendisiyle özdeşleşen piposu, içindeki insan sevgisi, yaşama sevinci, sanat coşkusu, babacan, güler yüzlü, aile reisi, hayvan sever, dost canlısı, tabiat aşığı, hoşgörülü, korumacı kişiliğiyle, örnek insan ve tiyatro dehasıdır. Özdemir Hoca, küçük yaşlarda almış olduğu müzik eğitimi ile daha sonraki yıllardaki tiyatro eğitimi sayesinde pek çok özelliği barındıran örnek bir sanatçı olmuştur. Şöyle ki onun altı yedi yaşlarında ciddi yönde piyano eğitimi alması kendisinin hayal gücünü olumlu yönde kullanarak yönetebilme yetilerinin gelişmesine neden olmuştur. Ayrıca araştırma, sorgulama, kendini ifade, yaratıcı olabilme, eleştirel yönde düşünebilme, empati kurma yönünde yoğunlaşabilme özelliklerinin tümü Özdemir Nutku’nun çok küçük yaşlarda sanat eğitimiyle disipline edilmiş olmasının bir sonucudur. Bu araştırma, bilim ve sanat yönü çok kuvvetli olan Prof. Dr. Özdemir Nutku’nun müzik ile ilgili yönünü ortaya koymak için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kendisinden, sağlığında karşılıklı görüşme yöntemiyle derlenmiş bazı bilgilere de yer verilmiştir.
Odpowiedzialność prawna producentów za szkodę wyrządzoną przez produkt niebezpieczny w orzecznictwie Trybunału Sprawiedliwości UE i prawie polskim
Authors: Kocot Jarosław
Published: December 2019

Wraz z rozwojem technologicznym i gospodarczym na rynek europejski i polski trafia coraz więcej produktów, których głównym zadaniem jest usprawnienie życia codziennego społeczeństwa, lecz jakość tych produktów jest zróżnicowana, co skutkuje sporadycznie powstaniem szkody u osób, używających dany produkt. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie odpowiedzialności prawnej producentów za szkodę wyrządzoną przez produkt niebezpieczny, z uwzględnieniem orzeczeń Trybunału Sprawiedliwości i Sądów polskich. Na początku, został przedstawiony zarys historyczny dotyczący dyrektywy 85/374/EWG wraz z uwzględnieniem jej implementacji do kodeksu cywilnego. W kolejnych rozdziałach została dokonana analiza orzeczeń Trybunału Sprawiedliwości, z uwzględnieniem przepisów polskiego prawa. Na zakończenie zostały przedstawione wnioski końcowe podsumowywujące analizę orzeczeń Trybunału.
MÖ ı. Binyılda Doğu Karadeniz’in Yerel Toplulukları
Authors: DEMİREL Serkan
Published: December 2019

Doğu Karadeniz bölgesinin Prehistorik dönemleri hakkında oldukça az bilgi bulunmaktadır. Bölgeye ilişkin bilgi veren antik kaynakların kısıtlı bilgiler sunmasının dışında bölgedeki arkeolojik çalışmaların az olması ve mevcut çalışmaların da ağırlıklı olarak Klasik Dönem ve sonrasına yoğunlaşması, Doğu Karadeniz bölgesini bu konuda belki de Anadolu’da en az bilinen bölge yapmaktadır.

Klasik öncesi dönemler itibariyle Doğu Karadeniz bölgesinin ıssız olduğu düşünülmemelidir. Doğrudan doğruya bölgeye atfedilebilecek en erken kaynaklar, MÖ I. binyılın ikinci çeyreğinden itibaren bölgede başladığı düşünülen Yunan kolonizasyonu dönemi ve sonrasına tarihlenen Yunan ve Latin metinleridir. Bu metinlerden edinilen bilgiye göre bölgede, söz konusu dönem ve muhtemelen öncesinde bazı yerel topluluklar yer almaktadır. Yalnızca yazılı kaynaklardan tanınan bu topluluklar ile ilişkilendirilebilecek ilk maddi buluntular ise Giresun ve Trabzon’da yakın zamanda gerçekleştirilen ve halen devam eden bazı arkeolojik çalışmalar sayesinde elde edilmiştir.

Eldeki veriler ışığında, Doğu Karadeniz bölgesinin MÖ birinci binyılın özellikle ikinci yarısından itibaren varlığından haberdar olunan yerel topluluklarının coğrafik dağılımına ilişkin tahmin yapılabilmek mümkündür. Buna göre Samsun-Ordu bölgesinin iç kesimindeki Khalybler ve bu halkın doğusundan başlamak üzere, kıyı şeridinden doğuya doğru Tibarenler, Mossynoikler, Driller ve Trabzon’un dağlık iç kesimindeki Makronlar ile bölgenin doğusundaki birtakım küçük gruplar söz konusu yerel toplulukları oluşturmaktadır. Sosyal ve ekonomik açıdan değerlendirildiğinde ise bu toplulukların farklı özelliklere sahip olmalarına rağmen bölgede yakın zamana kadar görülen hayvancılık ve küçük ölçekli bahçe tarımının desteklediği yaylacı yaşam tarzına sahip oldukları anlaşılmaktadır.
Trace elements in wild plants of the Lower Kama national park
Authors: Sibgatullina Madina , Valiev Vsevolod
Published: December 2019

Biogeochemical studies of plants and soil cover in specially protected natural areas are necessary for conducting background geochemical monitoring in order to determine the content of trace elements in plants of natural ecosystems and to establish the relationship between trace element composition and environmental factors. The atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine the content of trace elements Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Cd, Pb in wild herbaceous plants and the root layer of soil in the Nizhny Kama National Park (Kama valley and its tributaries). Species with a high content of Ni were found. High concentrations of Fe, Cr, Pb in the phytomass of mosses were revealed, which may indicate their aerogenic supply from nearby industrial enterprises. It was established that the soil cover of the national park within the Yelabuga region is characterized by an increased content of Mn and Co. The trace elements that are vigorously absorbed by plants, as well as species characterized by high biogeochemical activity have been identified – Aegopodium podagraria L., Fragaria vesca L., Paris quadrifolia L., Anemonoides ranunculoides L., Dicranum Hedw
Lattice Coverings by Congruent Translation Balls Using Translation-like Bisector Surfaces in Nil Geometry
Authors: Vránics Angéla , Szirmai Jenö
Published: December 2019

In this paper we study the Nil geometry that is one of the eight homogeneous Thurston 3-geometries. We determine the equation of the translation-like bisector surface of any two points. We prove, that the isosceles property of a translation triangle is not equivalent to two angles of the triangle being equal and that the triangle inequalities do not remain valid for translation triangles in general. We develop a method to determine the centre and the radius of the circumscribed translation sphere of a given translation tetrahedron. A further aim of this paper is to study lattice-like coverings with congruent translation balls in Nil space. We introduce the notion of the density of the considered coverings and give upper estimate to it using the radius and the volume of the circumscribed translation sphere of a given translation tetrahedron. The found minimal upper bound density of the translation ball coverings $\Delta \approx 1.42783$. In our work we will use for computations and visualizations the projective model of Nil described by E. Molnár in [6].
Use of a Game Engine Artificial Intelligence to Represent People Flows in Architectural Spaces via Geometry and Graphics
Authors: Porro Simone , Cocchiarella Luigi
Published: December 2019

The digital and the related technological evolution in recent years have shifted to words such as Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence. The wider use of these and other technologies in architecture has been far limited by a lack of IT tools with which architects could interface since they have been made available in the last few years only. The evolution of the tools used by the architect can be condensed and simplified into a sequence of three stages: Drawing Board, CAD systems, Game Engines. The frames of this sequence, in addition to indicating instruments, are representative of the historical context in which they have been or are still being used. This study, based on a Master thesis recently discussed at the Politecnico di Milano [14], examines the role that Game Engines can play in the graphic representation and design processes. More specifically, it takes a closer look at the Unreal Engine as a tool for creating a real-time design environment and using Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies to represent user flows in the space as valuable support and a relevant part of the design strategies aiming at implementing and evaluating design options. For this purpose, various simulations have been carried out both considering users' flows based on assigned spaces, and generating spaces based on the users' flows.
Forest West African Indigenous Diet and Modernization Diseases
Authors: Osuagwu Chidi
Published: December 2019

This review paper notes that the nutritional essence of an indigenous people’s diet can, broadly, be outlined in terms of their food-inherent bioactive chemical functions. Two food crops; Yam (Dioscorea spp.) and the Oil-palm (Elaeis guineensis), define Forest West Africa, agriculturally, as Yam or Palm belt. They can also be said to, broadly, define the diet of the region, which staple base they constitute, as the Yampalm Diet type. Some unique, bioactive, chemical functions of yam identified include; dioscorin, lipoic acid, potassium, biotin and, thiocyanate, while those of oil-palm include; tocotrienols, carotenoids, retinoids and lauric acid. These alkalizing food functions are, in theory, complementary to the acidic tropical physiology of Forest West Africans.  Fed on other than the Yampalm diet, Forest West Africans have been demonstrated to be highly susceptible to metabolic syndrome due to adopted alien diets. Examples are lactose intolerance from milk and inflammation reaction to wheat gluten. Some food functions of Yampalm diet; dioscorin in yam and tocotrienol from oil-palm, as examples, are efficacious in metabolic syndrome management. They are potential ‘Gene-adapted food-function supplements’ for emigrants from this area who adopt alien diets. Experiments have shown that restoration of the Forest West African diet ameliorates metabolic syndrome among the people, including their Diaspora in America. Restoration of, genetically or epigenetically, adapted indigenous diet among peoples recommends itself as part of management strategy for modernization diseases.Key terms: Yampalm diet, food function, dioscorin, tocotrienol, alien diet, lactose intolerance, metabolic syndrome, epigenetic adaptation.
Lifestyle and Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Recurrence, Progression, and Mortality: Available Research and Future Directions
Authors: Zuniga Kyle B. , Graff Rebecca E. , Feiger David B. , Meng Maxwell V. , Porten Sima P. , Kenfield Stacey A.
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND:

A broad, comprehensive review of studies exploring associations between lifestyle factors and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) outcomes is warranted to consolidate recommendations and identify gaps in research.

OBJECTIVE:

To summarize the literature on associations between lifestyle factors and clinical outcomes among patients with NMIBC.

METHODS:

PubMed was systematically queried for articles published through March 2019 regarding lifestyle factors and recurrence, progression, cancer-specific mortality, and all-cause mortality among patients with NMIBC.

RESULTS:

Notwithstanding many ambiguities, there is good-quality evidence suggesting a benefit of smoking avoidance/cessation, healthy body mass index (BMI), and type II diabetes mellitus prevention and treatment. Lactobacillus casei probiotic supplementation may reduce recurrence. There have been individual studies suggesting a benefit for uncooked broccoli and supplemental vitamin E as well as avoidance of supplemental vitamin B9, areca nut chewing, and a “Western diet” pattern high in fried foods and red meat. Additional studies do not suggest associations between NMIBC outcomes and use of fibrin clot inhibitors; insulin and other oral hypoglycemics; statins; supplemental selenium, vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin B6; fluid intake and intake of specific beverages (e.g., alcohol, coffee, green tea, cola); various dietary patterns (e.g., Tex-Mex, high fruit and vegetable, low-fat); and occupational and chemical exposures.

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite a myriad of publications on lifestyle factors and NMIBC, a need remains for research on unexplored associations (e.g., physical activity) and further studies that can elucidate causal effects. This would inform future implementation strategies for healthy lifestyle change in NMIBC patients.
Electromagnetic-thermal analysis of 400 kV power transformer on ITER PPEN substation
Authors: Li Peng , Jiang Jiafu , Liu Sheng , Fu Peng , Huang Yiyun , Hui Xie , Qiang Liu , Hongyan Zuo
Published: December 2019

As an important electrical power distribution system of ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) device, PPEN (Pulsed Power Electrical Network) feeds the pulsed loads for the superconducting coils and the heating and current driving systems. The PPEN transforms 400 kV power grid to 66 kV and 22 kV distribution voltage levels by 3 main step-down transformers. In this paper, the power loss of PPEN transformer is analyzed and calculated. The 2D PPEN transformer model is built. The temperature rise of PPEN transformer is calculated by ANSYS software. To validate the feasibility and correctness of the proposed method, the temperature rise test of PPEN transformer is carried out, then the related results are compared with the test data.
Towards optimized breast cancer 3D spheroid mono- and co-culture models for pharmacological research and screening
Authors: Keller Florian , Rudolf Rüdiger , Hafner Mathias
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND:

Reproducibility and physiological relevance are essential features for test systems used in preclinical cancer drug development. In this context, 3D cell culture models like spheroids or organoids have recently become attractive due to their potential of mimicking native biology. Further, to increase screening throughput and effectiveness, full automation of sample preparation and data analysis is important.

OBJECTIVE:

This work addressed methodological factors of spheroid cell culturing that are of particular relevance for reproducibility and physiological significance in studies investigating metabolic effects of drug treatment, including media composition, extracellular matrix, addition of stromal cells, and the quality of contrast-based readouts.

METHODS:

Using standardized and enriched media as well as additional basal membrane extract, spheroids were made from MCF10A human breast epithelial cells and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. In addition, co-culture spheroids of MDA-MB-231 with CCD-1137Sk human fibroblast cells were prepared. Samples were compared in terms of metabolic behaviour. Spheroid analysis employed SpheroidSizer software, confocal microscopy, and Western blotting.

RESULTS:

Media composition, supportive additives and the co-culture situation can massively alter the growth and metabolic behaviour of spheroids. In particular, spheroid integrity was affected by the presence of extracellular matrix components and upon long-term culturing. Due to drug- or culture-induced spheroid disintegration, automated spheroid size analysis data needed careful evaluation.

CONCLUSION:

Media composition, extracellular matrix, addition of stromal cells, and automated readouts are important parameters for standardized spheroid-based drug screening approaches. Contrast-based spheroid size analyses in automated high-throughput screenings need special attention, since spheroid-disaggregation or proliferation of surrounding cells may sophisticate the readouts.
An improved open-source software platform for high-throughput cultivation of phototrophic microorganisms and its application for salt tolerance experiments
Authors: Keil Karolin , Dierenbach Jonas , Tillich Ulrich M. , Steuer Ralf , Frohme Marcus
Published: December 2019

High-throughput screening and cultivation methods offer significant potential to accelerate the development of phototrophic microorganisms into microbial cell factories. To date, however, only few suitable platforms have been reported, often lacking adequate methods for automated data handling and analysis. Here we report an improved high-throughput cultivation and screening platform that incorporates a newly developed open-source laboratory information and management system implemented using the R package Shiny. The PhotoScreener Viewer allows the user to automatically backup the collected data, provides methods for interactive graphical representation of data, including a set of statistical tests. Furthermore, the platform enables authorized users to create, view and edit their experiments online.

As an advanced application study for the improved platform, we consider the response of an ethanol-producing cyanobacteria to varying salinity of the culture medium. Based on the conjecture that high-salt conditions impact the productivity of a ethanol-producing modified strain of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, we monitor growth, vitality and ethanol production using cultivation in 96-deep-well plates within the robotic platform. We could not observe an increased ethanol production, but rather the opposite.
Successful conservative managements of extensive pneumatoceles in a preterm girl: A case report
Authors: De Bisschop B. , Peeters L. , Sonnaert M.
Published: December 2019

We describe a preterm girl with severe respiratory distress syndrome, which was managed with mechanical ventilation. She developed severe ventilator induced lung injury, causing extensive unilateral emphysema. CT-scan of the lungs corresponded with extensive pneumatoceles. She was managed conservatively, using neurally adjusted ventilatory assist, with success and was extubated on day of life 38. She was discharged home without any respiratory support at 39 weeks of postmenstrual age. Our case illustrates the ongoing risk of severe ventilator induced lung injury and highlights a unique injury pattern in a preterm newborn that was managed conservatively using neurally adjusted ventilatory assist with an excellent outcome.
Practical management of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs)
Authors: Tanpaiboon Pranoot
Published: December 2019

Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs) comprise a group of disorders causing defects at the organelle and sub-organelle level with a wide range of pathophysiologies and clinical consequences. Signs and symptoms of LSDs involve multiple organ systems. The main pathological mechanism of most LSDs was previously thought to be cytotoxic effects of a specific storage substance secondary to functional impairment or insufficient lysosomal enzymes. Other pathophysiologic mechanisms of LSDs have been discovered such as dysfunction of cell signaling, disturbance of cell homeostasis, inflammatory process and dysfunction of autophagy. The goal of treatment is to balance equilibrium of the enzyme and the accumulated substance. Replacing deficient enzyme through exogenous enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) or stem cell transplantation has been the main method of treatment for several years. The ability of ERT to alleviate neurologic symptoms is limited owing to the inability of the exogenous enzyme to cross the blood-brain barrier. The benefit of stem cell transplantation on neurologic symptoms has been demonstrated for Hurler syndrome, but it is not clear for most LSDs. Other strategies, such as gene therapy, have been under development to overcome this limitation and provide a better outcome. Early treatment or pre-symptomatic treatment could also slow disease progression and improve prognosis. The scope of this article is to review current and new therapeutic strategies as well as disease non-specific management.
ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN PEMOTONGAN DAN PELAPORAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN ATAS PEMBELIAN BAHAN BAKU TERHADAP PEDAGANG PENGUMPUL PADA PT. DELTA PASIFIC INDOTUNA
Authors: Amin Nabilah Nur Risfananda , Elim Inggriani , Gerungai Natalia Y.T.
Published: December 2019

Clause 22 income tax which is deducted/collected by the collector is one of the sources of inland revenue (state income), which is deducted by certain agencies/companies appointed by the state to deduct PPh 22, and also the case with PT. The Pacific Delta Indotuna has been appointed by the government as the cutter/collector of clause PPh 22 from the collector as a supplier of raw materials for the fish canning industry. This study aims to analyze the role of business entity (PT Delta Pacific Indotuna) in calculating the tax deduction and reporting of clause PPh 22 that it is in accordance with the Income Tax Law and its implementation regulations. The research method that used is descriptive qualitative approach. The technique of data collecting uses direct surveys, interviews and documentation. Based on the results of the research conducted, it shows that the calculation of withholding of clause Income Tax 22 to the collector and its reporting is in accordance with Minister of Finance Regulation No.34/PMK.010/2017, concerning collection of income tax clause 22 with respect to payment for the delivery of goods and activities in the field of import or business activities in other fields.
PENERAPAN METODE VALUE FOR MONEY SEBAGAI TOLOK UKUR PENILAIAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA ORGANISASI SEKTOR PUBLIK DI DINAS KESEHATAN KOTA MANADO
Authors: Wuwungan Gabriela Thalia , Tinangon Jantje , Rondonuwu Sintje
Published: December 2019

In this era of globalization, many people consider the financial sector of public sector organizations as a waste and a source of funding. Loss of public trust in lost public sector organizations. In addition, accountability reports on public sector organizations are only oriented to "output" rather than "outcome". This discusses the phenomenon that public sector organizations pay more attention to the value of money that can be considered inputs, outputs, before the results that underlie the three main elements namely economy, efficiency and effectiveness. Research in the city of Manado using the value for money method, in terms of economy, efficiency and effectiveness. The analytical method used in this thesis research using descriptive qualitative methods, namely the results of interviews and with the data collected were analyzed and conclusions were collected. The results of the research obtained from the research results of the Manado City Health Office obtained the value for money method for economic measurement and efficiency, achieving good results. However, to measure success is still not good, decided one of the programs carried out has not been approved. Manado City Health Office should pay more attention to the results of the community in each program that is carried out, so that it is easier to find out which programs meet the requirements or not.
KONTRIBUSI DAN EFEKTIVITAS PENERIMAAN PAJAK PARKIR TERHADAP PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH KOTA GORONTALO
Authors: Makausi Alma Meita , Sabijono Harijanto , Pinatik Sherly
Published: December 2019

Parking Tax is a regional tax which can also affect the increase of local revenue. Effectiveness and contribution of Parking Tax is one tool to measure the extent of Local Government achievement in collecting Parking Tax contributes to the region’s original revenue is very important to develop a region. This study aims to (1) find out the percentage level of effectiveness of Parking Tax in Gorontalo City (2) find out how much the percentage of Parking tax revenue contribution to the Original Revenue of Gorontalo City. This study applies a descriptive qualitative analysis method. The result of research obtained by the Gorontalo City parking tax in 2014-2018 experienced a fluctuation with an average percentage of 84,95%  entered the criteria quite effectively, and the parking tax in Gorontalo City contributed less to the orginal regional income because it had an average percentage of 0,06% of revenue from the Gorontalo City original income.
Information transmission process for disease notification and feedback in the community-based disease surveillance system in Anambra State, Nigeria.
Authors: Nwabueze Simeon , Ezenyeaku Chijioke , Nnebue Chinomnso , Udedibia Ifeanyi , Ezenyeaku Cyril , Iloghalu Ifeoma
Published: December 2019

Disease surveillance and notification (DSN) system has been shown to be weak in Nigeria and still needs to be built up for effective detection and response to some communities. The aim of this paper is to assess the reporting and feedback mechanisms in the Community-based surveillance System (CBSS) in Anambra State, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 360 community-based focal points in Anambra State selected by multistage sampling technique. Data collection was by interview using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20, associations between variables were tested using Chi square, Fisher’s exact and t tests as appropriate (p<0.05). Forty-one (13.1%) focal points sent in reports for at least four times, (72.2%) received feedback within the last one year and (44.6%) was via the phone. However, 229 (63.6%) of the respondents gave the feedback to the community mainly via the village health committees (44.1%). Respondents’ occupation, ever detected notifiable disease; source of information; person the detected disease was reported to; records of notified disease kept by focal points; number of times reports were sent in the last one year, received feedback given to community members, availability of supervisors for focal points and volunteer benefit from being focal points were found to have associations with receipt of feedback on disease case notification (p<0.05). This study found poor reporting but good feedback mechanisms. However, there is need to reform the State CBSS in line with the above findings in order to make it more functional.