bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Open versus arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis: A systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mok Tsz Ngai , He Qiyu , PANNEERSELVAM SOUNDARYA , Wang Huajun , Hou Huige , Zheng Xiaofei , Pan Jinghua , Li Jieruo
Published: March 2020

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a growing health concern that affects approximately 27 million people in the USA and is associated with a $185 billion annual cost burden. Choosing between open surgery and arthroscopic arthrodesis for ankle arthritis is still controversial. This study compared arthroscopic arthrodesis and open surgery by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: For the systematic review, a literature search was conducted in four English databases (PubMed, Embase, Medline and the Cochrane Library) from inception to February 2020. Two prospective cohort studies and 8 retrospective cohort studies, enrolling a total of 548 patients with ankle arthritis, were included. Result: For fusion rate, the pooled data showed a significantly higher rate of fusion during arthroscopic arthrodesis compared with open surgery (odds ratio 0.25, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.57, p = 0.0010). Regarding estimated blood loss, the pooled data showed significantly less blood loss during arthroscopic arthrodesis compared with open surgery (WMD 52.04, 95% CI 14.14 to 89.94, p = 0.007). For tourniquet time, the pooled data showed a shorter tourniquet time during arthroscopic arthrodesis compared with open surgery (WMD 22.68, 95% CI 1.92 to 43.43, p = 0.03). For length of hospital stay, the pooled data showed less hospitalisation time for patients undergoing arthroscopic arthrodesis compared with open surgery (WMD 1.62, 95% CI 0.97 to 2.26, p < 0.00001). The pooled data showed better recovery for the patients who underwent arthroscopic arthrodesis compared with open surgery at 1 year (WMD 14.73, 95% CI 6.66 to 22.80, p = 0.0003). Conclusion: In conclusion, arthroscopic arthrodesis was associated with a higher fusion rate, smaller estimated blood loss, shorter tourniquet time, shorter length of hospitalisation and better functional improvement at 1 year than open surgery.
Do checklist-induced behavioral changes improve self-confidence in fundoscopic examination?: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Yokokawa Daiki , Shikino Kiyoshi , Ikegami Akiko , Tsukamoto Tomoko , Noda Kazutaka , Uehara Takanori , Ohira Yoshiyuki , Ikusaka Masatomi
Published: March 2020

BackgroundFundoscopic exams are conducted during outpatient consultations to assess intracranial disease and complications from chronic diseases. Low level of confidence in these skills which physicians have is one of the causes that Implementation frequency is low. We quantitatively verified increases in exam implementation for patients suggested for fundoscopic exams, as well as improvements in physicians' confidence in the procedures, by introducing a checklist. We also conducted a qualitative analysis in order to clarify the process by which they gain confidence in examination procedures.MethodsThis study is a before-after study, within an embedded-experimental mixed methods design. Phase 1 spans April to May 2016, April to May 2017, and October to November 2017. Phase 2 spans the two months following each phase 1 period. We sampled 15 physicians in department of general medicine at a university hospital assigned to initial consultation. The introduction of a checklist that verifies whether the fundoscopic exam was implemented. Measures are implementation ratio of the fundoscopic exam to the total number of indication cases, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) values ​​for the confidence in procedure are measured between the two phases. To analyze, we obtained qualitative data from interviews and used the Modified Grounded Theory Approach.ResultsWe observed significant increases in the implementation ratio (19.2% (29/151 cases) vs. 64.8% (105/162 cases), p<0.001), and in the VAS value for the confidence (1.89mm vs 4.68 mm (p<0.001)) between the two phases. Analysis of the interviews produced five themes from the initial 632 codes, 31 concepts (with <>), and 8 categories. To increase the implementation, it is necessary to reduce the  and < Forgetting>, which is preventing by the checklist. The  leads to a . Repeated executions result in .ConclusionsThe intervention increased the implementation ratio, thereby increasing successful experiences and confidence among physicians. The growth of confidence boosted motivations to implement fundoscopic exams.
The added value of chest high-resolution CT findings of Corona Virus Disease 2019 in predicting severity of disease
Authors: Zhou Jie , Cao Jie , Xiang Ziyun , Cai Hanshou , Zhu Yuhui , Zhang Heng , Huang Xu , Ma Wanling
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze chest thin-section high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings for 32 patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and clarify the correlation between CT data and laboratory results. 30 patients presented with abnormal initial CT scans. Of 30 patients, COVID-19 showed the involvement of bilateral lungs in 24 (80%), involvement of more than two lobes in 24 (80%), ground-glass opacities without consolidation in 27 (90%), ground-glass opacities with consolidation in 23 (76.7%), opacities with irregular intralobular lines in 26 (86.7%), opacities with round morphology in 25 (83.3%), and peripheral distribution in 30 (100%). Pleural effusion or mediastinal lymphadenopathy was relatively rare manifestations. Rapidly progression of the disease demonstrated by increasing number and range of ground glass opacities and appearance of consolidations at follow-up CT images in two patients. The CT lung severity score and No. of lobes involved were negatively correlated with lymphocyte count(r=-0.363, P=0.041; r=-0.367, P=0.039, respectively). Chest HRCT of COVID-19 predominantly manifests multiple, round, ground glass opacities with irregular intralobular lines, and peripheral distribution of bilateral lungs. HRCT is a potential tool for early screening, assessing progress, and predicting disease severity of COVID-19.Authors Jie Zhou and Jie Cao contributed equally to this work and are co-first authors.
High glucose aggravates lipid deposition in glomerular endothelial cells by LXRs/LncRNAOR13C9/ABCA1 pathway
Authors: Xiao Shumin , Wang Yao , Zhou Saijun , Zhang Rui , Liu Hongyan , Lin Yao , Yu Pei
Published: March 2020

Background Lipid metabolism disorder is closely related to diabetic nephropathy (DN), but the mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high glucose on intracellular accumulation of lipids and to clarify the possible mechanism. Methods We found that in human glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs), cholesterol could reduce cell activity, lead to abnormal lipid deposition in cells and high glucose can aggravate lipid deposition under high cholesterol load. Results CCK8 showed that soluble cholesterol could reduce GEnCs cells activity. Oil red O staining and cholesterol quantification experiment showed that the intracellular lipid deposition did not obvious after the intervention of high glucose (HG), but the intracellular lipid deposition increased under HG combined with high cholesterol (HC). The results of RT-qPCR,WB and immunofluorescence experiment showed the expression of ABCA1 in HC group increased significantly. However, compared with the HC group, the expression of ABCA1in the HG and HC group were decreased. And then we found HG affected ABCA1 up-regulation by LXRs. Based on Gene Microarray, we found that LXRs regulation of ABCA1 transcription requires the involvement of LncRNAOR13C9. Conclusions HG could enhance intracellular lipid deposition by interfering with cellular response to HC to up-regulate the expression of ABCA1, and HG blocked the expression of ABCA1 by down-regulating LXRs, and LncRNAOR13C9 also played an important role in this process. It further elucidate the pathogenesis of DN and provide a new target for the prevention and treatment of DN.
Circulating miR-660-5p is associated with no-reflow phenomenon in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: zhang jian-wei , Hu Cheng-ping , Zhao Ying-xin , He Ling-jie
Published: March 2020

Background No-reflow phenomenon (NRP) is an important factor affecting the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). This study aims to investigate the association of circulating miR-660-5p with NRP in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing PPCI. Methods 52 eligible consecutive patients diagnosed with anterior STEMI within 12h of pain onset, which coronary angiography confirms that infarct-related artery is left anterior descending artery (LAD), were included in this study. Angiographic NRP is define as the final TIMI flow of 2 or the final TIMI flow of 3 with myocardial blush grade (MBG) of <2.Effect of circulating miR-660-5p on NRP was assessed using Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Results The incidence of NRP was 38.5%. Patients with higher miR-660-5p levels have significantly higher incidence of coronary NRP. At multivariable analysis, circulating miR-660-5p remained an independent predictor of NRP (odds ratio [OR]=1.34, 95%CI 1.10 to 1.63, p=0.004). Patients in higher microRNA-660-5p levels group have almost a 6-fold higher risk of NRP than that in lower microRNA-660-5p group (OR=5.68, 95%CI 1.40 to 23.07, p=0.015). When analyzed by tertiles, consistent trends of increasing relative odds of NRP were reported (OR1 for Q2 VS. Q1: 1.25,95%CI: 0.27-5.73, p=0.77;OR2 for Q3 VS. Q1: 5.96,95%CI: 1.33-26.66, p=0.02). Circulating miR-660-5p was related to MPV significantly. Conclusion Circulating miR-660-5p is an independent predictor of NRP in STEMI patients undergoing PPCI.
Predictive value of vascular endothelial growth factor and placenta growth factor for morbidly adherent placenta among women with previous history of cesarean section
Authors: Asadi Nasrin , Akbarzadeh-Jahromi Mojgan , Faraji Azam , Bahrami Shima , Gharamani Sayeh , Shahraki Hadi Raeisi , Vafaei Homeira , Kasraeian Maryam , Bazrafshan Khadije
Published: March 2020

Background The present study aims to determine the predictive value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placenta growth factor (PLGF) for placenta accreta and for the comparison of the serum level of VEGF and PLGF in normal pregnant women and women with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS).Methods This prospective case-control study was conducted during the 2 years in two hospital in Shiraz, Iran from 2017 to 2019. The inclusion of the study was 90 singleton pregnant women: 45 of them in gestational ages of 28-34 weeks with pathological confirmation of placenta accreta spectrum and 45 healthy pregnant women. In the PAS group, according to pathology reports on the placenta, we divided all cases to placenta accreta, percreta, and increta. Maternal serum level of VEGF and PLGF were measured before the termination of pregnancy and diagnostic accuracy of each factor was evaluated.Results In PAS group, 75 percent of patients had placenta previa and unlike the control group, there was a significant difference in the gravidity, number of cesarean section, maternal age, and serum level of PLGF (p< /001); while in VEGF, the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions The results of the present study revealed that the maternal serum level of PLGF could be considered as an accurate predictive test in patients with PAS.
The Perception of Key Stakeholders Regarding the Impact of Economic Hardship on Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviors of Sudanese Adolescents in the School and Home Context.
Authors: Osman Fahmi Ezaldin Awad , Mukhayer Aziza , Kremers Stef P.J.
Published: March 2020

Background Economic hardship is one of the factors that contributes to the double burden of weight-related health. Sudan is one of the countries that suffer from obesity and malnutrition problems. For a further understanding of the impact of economic hardship in Sudan, this study aimed to explore the perceptions of key stakeholders regarding its impact on dietary and physical activity behaviors of Sudanese adolescents.Methods A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews during the period January-March 2019, a period of political and economic instability in Sudan. The interviews were conducted with 17 participants, including officials from the Ministries of Health and Education, school directors and parents. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated to English, and then coded and analyzed manually.Results The participants confirmed an impact of economic hardship on the dietary and physical activity behaviors of adolescents in Khartoum state. The impact appeared to sort into three domains: community, school and home settings. Factors that were identified as contributing to the double burden of weight-related health and nutritional disorders in times of economic hardship include: migration from rural areas to big cities, increased accessibility of junk food, a decline in Physical Education classes in schools, discontinued funding of school meals and less interest of parents to establish a healthy food environment at home.Conclusion Our findings indicate that financial hardship has an influence on nutrition and physical activity behaviors among adolescents, and its effect occurs in different settings (community, school and home), and appears to affect malnutrition, underweight and obesity among adolescents.
Cord blood vitamin D is correlated with problem solving domain in early childhood neurodevelopment: A Cohort Study on Vitamin D Status and Its Impact during Pregnancy and Childhood in Indonesia
Authors: Supriadi Stephanie , Gumilang Lani , Setiabudi Djatnika , Dewi Raden Tina , Setiabudiawan Budi , Dhamayanti Meita
Published: March 2020

Fetal vitamin D level is known to influence brain development and subsequent postnatal neurodevelopment, although several studies stated that this correlation remains controversial. We aimed to determine the correlation between cord blood vitamin D level and neurodevelopmental status in the first 1000 days of life. This was a cohort study, located in Sukabumi and Waled districts of West Java, Indonesia, from 2016–2019. Subjects were term infants with no congenital abnormalities, born from pregnant women involved in a previously conducted cohort study. The cord blood sample collected at delivery was used to measure 25 (OH)-vitamin D level. Neurodevelopmental status was examined after the infants reached 6, 12, and 24 months of age using Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 (ASQ-3). Statistical analysis was performed using rank Spearman’s correlation. Blood samples were collected from 116 subjects. The mean value of vitamin D levels was 16.2 ng/mL (8.0–35.4 ng/mL). As many as 12.9%, 65.5% and 21.6% of newborns had vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency and normal vitamin D levels. The correlation was found between cordblood vitamin D levels and the problem-solving domain at the age of 12 and 24 months old; r = 0.217, and r = 0.414 respectively. Multiple linier regression analysis result showed a decrease problem solving domain score of 0.641 was associated with decreased of vitamin D. Cordblood vitamin D level correlates with infant neurodevelopmental status. Screening of vitamin D level is crucial during pregnancy and early childhood to improve neurodevelopmental outcome.
FOUR score versus GCS in patients with traumatic brain injury in the prehospital setting
Authors: Furman Matej Rubelli , Gorenjak Mario , Ravnik Janez
Published: March 2020

Background: In the last few decades, different coma scoring scales have been proposed. The purpose of this study is to compare two coma scales: the GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) and the FOUR score (Full Outline of UnResponsiveness score), aiming to examine which scale is better in predicting mortality outcome in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in the prehospital setting. Methods: We evaluated the GCS and FOUR score in the prehospital setting at three different prehospital timepoints, and we reassessed the scores in surviving patients 24 hours, one month and three months after the injury. Then, we compared the mortality outcomes. We used the χ² method with the best cut-off point for each model; we calculated sensitivity, specificity and correct prediction of the outcome with four severity scores. The Youden index, Z score, McNemar's test and ROC curve were also assessed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Both scales were ranked with gain ratio. Results: We included 75 TBI patients who were treated in a prehospital setting by a prehospital specialized medical unit. In terms of predictions of mortality, our study showed the following: 1. Twenty-four hours after the injury, the best cut-off points obtained were from the FOUR 2 and FOUR 3 models. 2. One month after the injury, the best cut-off obtained was from the GCS 2 model. 3. Three months after the injury, the best cut-offs obtained were from the GCS 2 and GCS 3 models. Conclusions: In our study, we were able to demonstrate that the FOUR 2 and FOUR 3 models, compared to the GCS 2 and GCS 3 models, resulted in only a marginally better prediction of mortality outcome 24 hours after TBI. Statistically significant differences were found in neither the Youden index nor the area under the ROC curve after 24 hours and one and three months after the injury.
The impact of probiotics supplementation on gut microbiota after Helicobacter pylori eradication: a multicenter, open-label, randomised trial
Authors: Tang Bo , Tang Li , Huang Cheng , Tian Chuan , Chen Ling , He Zhijun , Yang Guodong , Zuo Luo , Zhao Guoce , Liu En , Wang Sumin , Lin Hui , He Jialin , Yang Shiming
Published: March 2020

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy may lead to the perturbation of gut microbiota. The role of probiotics in gut microbiota during eradication therapy is still debated. Design: This was a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial done at seven hospitals in China. 162 patients were enrolled, 79 patients were randomly divided into group A (bismuth quadruple therapy), and 83 patients were randomly subjected into group B (bismuth quadruple therapy supplemented with Medilac-S). Faecal samples were collected before treatment and 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks after eradication therapy. Gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. This trial is complete and registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR1900022116). Results: The eradication rates of group A and group B were 82.43% and 87.01%, respectively (P>0.05). Compared with baseline, alpha and beta diversity was significantly altered 2 weeks after eradication in both group A and group B, which was restored at week 8. There were no significant differences in alpha and beta diversity between the two groups. Bismuth quadruple therapy resulted in enrichment of some detrimental bacteria taxa such as Klebsiella and Streptococcus that were not recovered by week 8. Probiotics supplementation could rapidly restore the taxa levels of Klebsiella and Streptococcus by week 4 after eradication, and increase the beneficial taxa of Bacillus and Lactobacillales. Functional analysis revealed that lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and polymyxin resistance pathways were significantly enriched after eradication therapy, while probiotics supplementation mainly enriched the cofactors and vitamins metabolism pathways. Several detrimental taxa were identified to be correlated with features of older age, alcohol use and high BMI, while probiotics supplementation could effectively restore the adverse impact in patients with these characteristics.Conclusion: Probiotics supplementation is beneficial for patients during H. pylori eradication, especially for patients with older age, alcohol drinking, and obesity, which might obtain the maximum benefits.
Disparity in the Hospitals Utilization among Regions in Indonesia
Authors: Laksono Agung Dwi , Benyamin Beben , Mahmudiono Trias
Published: March 2020

Background. The utilization of hospital services is a benchmark for the success of a health care referral system. Indonesia as the largest archipelago in the world encounters challenging conditions along with lack of infrastructure posed economic and health disparity among its regions. Disparities as a result of this development also have an impact on the accessibility of health care facilities.Methods. Chi Square test was used to test dichotomy variables and t-tests were performed for analyzing the difference among continuous variables. These tests were employed to assess the hypothesis that there was significant regional difference in the access of health care in Indonesia. Estimation using multinomial logistic regression test was used to study the disparity between regions in hospital utilization.Results. The results of this study indicate that there were disparities between regions in Indonesia. In the inpatient category all regions have better utilization than the Papua region, except the Sumatra region. The highest disparity occurs between the Nusa Tenggara region and the Papua region. Possibility of utilizing hospital vs. inpatient facilities not using the hospital 1,439 times in adults in the Nusa Tenggara region compared to the Papua region (OR = 1,439; 95% CI = 1,271 - 1,629). In the category of outpatient utilization as well as hospitalization in hospitals, the Papua region has better hospital utilization compared to other regions. The greatest disparity with the Sumatra region (OR = 0.484; 95% CI = 0.392 - 0.597).Conclusion. In conclusion, there were disparities between regions in Indonesia even though the odds ratio for mortality between regions decreased compared to the previous period.Ethical Clearance. The 2013 RISKESDAS survey had ethical clearance that was approved by the national ethical committee in the NIHRD (ethic number: 01.1206.207). Informed consent was used during data collection, which considered aspects of data collection procedure, voluntary, and confidentiality.
miR-34a-5p, miR-148a-3p and miR-181a-5p: potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of esophageal cancer detected by a novel absolute quantitative RT-qPCR method
Authors: Lin Zhiyuan , Chen Yongquan , Lin Yanling , Lin Huayue , Li Hongwei , Su Xiaosong , Fang Zanxi , Wang Jiajia , Wei Qingchun , Teng Jing , Zhang Zhong-ying
Published: March 2020

Background Esophageal cancer (EC) is a malignant tumor of esophagus with progressive dysphagia as the main clinical manifestation. miRNAs are expected to become potential biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis of EC. Methods Based on AllGlo probes, a novel absolute quantitative RT-qPCR method was established to detect miRNAs. And the clinical diagnosis significance of the screened miRNAs was explored with 213 patients (166 cases with EC and 47 cases with benign diseases) and 170 normal controls. Results Through a series of screening, miR-34a-5p, miR-148a-3p and miR-181a-5p were selected as EC-associated candidate miRNAs. Based on AllGlo probes, a novel absolute quantitative RT-qPCR method for detecting miRNAs was established with high sensitivity, specificity, good accuracy and no carryover contamination. Compared with normal controls, the level of miR-34a-5p increased while miR-148a-3p and miR-181a-5p decreased in EC and benign patients ( P <0.001), and the level of miR-181-5p in early EC patients was significantly lower ( P <0.001). According to logistic regression analysis, the combined detection of miR-34a-5p, miR-148a-3p and Cyfra21-1 provided the highest diagnosis efficiency of 85.07% with sensitivity and specificity reaching 85.45% and 84.71%. Compared with preoperative samples, the level of miR-34a-5p significantly decreased while the levels of miR-148a-3p and miR-181a-5p significantly increased in the postoperative samples ( P <0.001). Conclusions Based on AllGlo probes, this first developed, novel absolute quantitative RT-qPCR method exhibits high application value in detecting miRNAs. miR-34a-5p, miR-148a-3p and miR-181a-5p may serve as potential biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of EC, especially, miR-181-5p probably could be used as a new biomarker for early EC.
Estudio descriptivo de factores asociados a violencia interpersonal en estudiantes de Tunja
Authors: Salamanca Camargo Yenny , Güichá Duitama Ángela Marcela
Published: March 2020

El propósito de este estudio fue analizar posibles factores asociados a violencia interpersonal en un grupo de 955 estudiantes, con edades entre 6 y 16 años, de cinco instituciones educativas de Tunja; la investigación no experimental de tipo descriptivo, evalúa variables relacionadas con violencia familiar y escolar, a partir de una lista Chequeo sobre violencia interpersonal y entrevistas a estudiantes, padres y docentes. Dentro de los resultados, se encontró que 103 sujetos reportaron ser víctimas de algún tipo de violencia, siendo más frecuente en mujeres la familiar y en hombres la escolar; respecto al tipo de familia, los datos no son concluyentes; sin embargo, se reportó más en la compuesta. La violencia escolar, fue la más reportada.
Un caso de demencia frontotemporal en su variante lingüística fluente
Authors: Garzón Nataly , Méndez Amparo , Benito María
Published: March 2020

La dificultad para encontrar las palabras en una conversación y expresar lo que se piensa, así como la pérdida del conocimiento en la escriturade las palabras y su significado en presencia de un habla fluida; se evidencia en este estudio de caso; en una mujer de 62 años, con estudiosen comercio y secretariado bilingüe, quien previamente a sus dificultades, se desempeñó como secretaria de alta gerencia con sobresalienteshabilidades lingüísticas y en su escritura tipo palmer. Ha presentado una progresión gradual de sus déficits, evolucionando hacia un perfil dedeterioro global cognoscitivo, específicamente de sus habilidades del lenguaje, déficit de memoria explicita verbal y semántica, alteración enel cálculo, disortografía, agrafia y disfunción ejecutiva, con parcial limitación para desempeñarse funcionalmente en las actividades de la vidadiaria. Con la presentación de este caso, se encuentra un cuadro clínico inicial de afectación del sistema semántico y de la representaciónmental de las palabras, siendo congruente con una demencia semántica. Se presenta el papel fundamental de la evaluación neuropsicológicay la elaboración de la historia clínica, para efectuar un diagnóstico clínico diferencial entre las demencias degenerativas primarias como laenfermedad de Alzheimer y las variantes de las demencias frontotemporales.
Estructura organizacional y su relación con la efectividad de los servicios universitarios de atención psicológica
Authors: Avendaño Carlos , Fonseca María , Marín Diego
Published: March 2020

En este artículo se presenta un análisis acerca de la forma como se configuran los Servicios Universitarios de Atención Psicológica (SUAP), para la formación académica y profesional de los psicólogos y para la atención psicológica de los consultantes. El estudio, fundamentado en la teoría orgánica contingente, se realizó aplicando un análisis factorial exploratorio por componentes principales y un análisis factorial confirmatorio mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados muestran que los SUAP se caracterizan por tener una estructura organizacional de tipo mecanicista, fundamentada en las variables de formalización, centralización y complejidad, las cuales tienen una relación directa con su efectividad.
Características sociodemográficas de los consumidores de heroína en Medellín-Colombia
Authors: Castaño Guillermo , Calderón Gustavo
Published: March 2020

Este artículo tiene su sustento en la investigación “Consumo de Heroía en Medellí y Áea Metropolitana. Estudio de casos”, la cual se desarrollócon un enfoque mixto, donde se exploraron y midieron variables sociodemográicas; caracteríticas de los consumidores (antecedentes personales y familiares del consumo de drogas, motivos de consumo, patrones de consumo, intentos por dejar de consumir, tratamientos recibidos), modos de consumo (patrones, vís, ritos, practicas) y problemas asociados al consumo (salud, legales, escolares, familiares, econóicos). Este trabajo se centra en las variables socio demográicas y algunas caracteríticas de los consumidores. Los investigadores consiguieron entrevistar a 42 consumidores de esta sustancia apenas emergente en el paí, contactados en centros de tratamiento y a travé de la ténica bola de nieve, y a los cuales se les aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada, validada por expertos y prueba piloto, que fue procesada en Atlas ti, versió 5.5 para Windows. Entre los resultados encontrados sobresalen: que dichos consumidores son predominantemente hombres, de estado civil soltero, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 23 añs, sin hijos y muchos con estudios universitarios que aú no terminan, mayoritariamente se ubican en un estrato socioeconóico medio y tienen antecedentes familiares de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, habiédose iniciado en el consumo de drogas a edades tempranas, en promedio entre los 13 y los 15 añs aproximadamente y todos presentan historia de poli consumo de sustancias psicoactivas
Prevalencia del trastorno de estrés postraumático en población en situación de desplazamiento en la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar Bogotá, Colombia 2007
Authors: Sinisterra Marybel , Figueroa Fanny , Moreno Victor , Robayo Manuel , Sanguino José
Published: March 2020

El fenómeno del desplazamiento humano se ha convertido en uno de los ejes de intervención en salud pública; sin embargo, en los estudios colombianos sobre la población desplazada por el conflicto armado, no se ha hecho énfasis en las repercusiones en la salud mental. El presente estudio tuvo como propósito caracterizar 110 personas en situación de desplazamiento en la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar (Bogotá, Colombia), susceptibles de manifestar cuadros de trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT). A través de análisis descriptivos y un modelo de regresión logística se estableció la prevalencia del TEPT. La edad de los desplazados evaluados osciló entre los 19 y 74 años, la media fue de 38.45 años, el DS de 13.44; y la varianza de 180.70. Se concluyó que la prevalencia del TEPT en la localidad es 97.27%, sin diferencias significativas en la presentación por género. El desplazamiento es causado en mayor proporción por hostigamiento de grupos guerrilleros; hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la presentación del cuadro respecto al estado laboral y la percepción de calidad de vida.
Conductas externalizantes, rendimiento académico y atención selectiva en niños con y sin hiperactividad
Authors: Moreno Jaime , Martínez Nancy
Published: March 2020

El estudio tuvo como propósito establecer las diferencias en las conductas externalizantes, el rendimiento académico y la atención selectiva en niños de 6 a 11 años con y sin TDAH. Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuasi experimental con un diseño ex post facto prospectivo simple. El grupo experimental estaba conformado por 18 niños con TDAH, y el control 18 niños sin TDAH. A ambos grupos se les aplicó la Lista de Chequeo de la Conducta Infantil – Formato para Padres de Achenbach y Edelbrock (CBCL), la Escala de Evaluación de la Conducta Perturbadora (EECP) - Formulario Para el Informe de los Padres de Barkley, el Cuestionario Breve para el Diagnóstico de Deficiencia Atencional de Pineda y el Test de Percepción de Diferencias (CARAS) de Thurstone adaptado por Yela. Se hizo una revisión del boletín escolar de los niños para determinar su rendimiento académico. Teniendo en cuenta el nivel de medición de las variables implicadas en el estudio, se llevó a cabo un análisis estadístico descriptivo, de diferencias, correlacional, de regresión, univariado y multivariado. En los resultados se encontró que la única variable dependiente (VD) que se ve afectada por el TDAH, es el rendimiento académico, lo cual significa que la atención selectiva y la conducta externalizante no dependen de la variable independiente (VI).
Estrategias de afrontamiento en personas con ansiedad
Authors: Gantiva Carlos , Luna Andrea , Dávila Ana , Salgado María
Published: March 2020

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las diferencias en las estrategias de afrontamiento en personas con y sin ansiedad. La investigación se llevó a cabo a través de un diseño descriptivo – comparativo, con 60 personas, divididas en dos grupos; 30 personas con ansiedad y 30 personas sin ansiedad, seleccionadas a partir de la aplicación del Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI) y controlando la ausencia de depresión a través de la aplicación del Inventario para la Depresión de Beck (BDI), esto con el fin de identificar estrategias de afrontamiento propias de la ansiedad. Para medir las estrategias de afrontamiento se utilizó la Escala de Estrategias de Coping Modificada (EEC-M). Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas en el uso de las estrategias: a) reevaluación positiva; y b) solución de problemas. Siendo más utilizadas por las personas sin ansiedad. De igual forma, se encontró diferencias significativas en: a) reacción agresiva; b) expresión de la dificultad de afrontamiento; c) búsqueda de apoyo profesional; y d) evitación emocional. Siendo más utilizadas en las personas con ansiedad.
Permanencia y abandono terapéutico en un centro de servicios psicológicos
Authors: Moreno Jaime , Rozo Margarita , Cantor Martha
Published: March 2020

El presente estudio tuvo como propósito describir las características de los motivos de permanencia y abandono terapéutico de los consultantes de la Unidad de Servicios Psicológicos de la Universidad Católica de Colombia entre los años 2007 y 2008. El tipo de investigación fue de tipo descriptivo. Los participantes fueron los consultantes que asistieron a la Unidad de Servicios Psicológicos de la Universidad Católica de Colombia entre los años 2007 y 2008. El muestreo fue de tipo censal puesto que se tomaron todos los usuarios y se analizó la información de los que finalmente respondieron los instrumentos así como las historias clínicas de los usuarios. Los resultados permitieron identificar que el principal motivo por el cual los usuarios abandonan el servicio está relacionado con dificultades económicas para su desplazamiento. Las variables analizadas para permanecer o abandonar el servicio con respecto a la institución, al proceso terapéutico, al consultante, al terapeuta y a la relación consultante - terapeuta, presentan un comportamiento similar.
Alteraciones neuropsicológicas de un paciente con enfermedad de Parkinson y antecedentes de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas
Authors: Díaz Edgar , Ardila Mauricio , Ramírez Aura , Halliday Karen , Novoa Claudia
Published: March 2020

El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir el desempeño cognoscitivo de un paciente de sexo masculino, de 51 años, con 9 años de evolución de Enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) y antecedentes de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, para lo cual se utilizó un protocolo neuropsicológico encontrando en el test de trazados (TMT-A 24/24 y TMT-B 24/24), prueba de Denominación de Boston (58/60), F.A.S- COWAT (28), Curva de Memoria California (Ascendente), copia (34/36) y evocación (26/36) de la Figura Compleja de Rey Osterrieth, Torre de Londres, Stroop de Colores (C 16”, P 31”, C-P 57”). Adicionalmente se aplicaron subpruebas del Test de Inteligencia Wechsler para adultos (WAISIII) (Retención de dígitos 9, sucesión letras-núeros 10, aritméica 11, dígito-símbolo 10, figuras incompletas 6, diseño con cubos 10, semejanzas 9), el perfil cognoscitivo se encuentra dentro de los paráetros normales para los procesos de lenguaje, memoria, praxias, y habilidades viso-construccionales; se evidencian leves alteraciones en atención, memoria de trabajo y funciones ejecutivas. El consumo prolongado de sustancias psicoactivas es un posible factor de riesgo en el desarrollo temprano de la EP, pero con un perfil cognoscitivo conservado que se puede explicar por su nivel académico previo y su continuo ejercicio intelectual en su profesión, que le exigen constantes actividades cognitivas.
Efectos de la expresión emocional y de la orientación del rostro sobre las respuestas conductuales y el componente N170
Authors: Bonilla Carreño Fidel Mauricio
Published: March 2020

En este estudio se pretendió corroborar el efecto de inversión con estímulos de rostros calmos, de miedo e ira tomados de la base de datos de rostros calmos y emocionales NSTIM (base de datos de rostros), presentados de forma vertical e invertida, con una duración de presentación de 2000 milisegundos. Los resultados muestran que no hubo modulación del componente N170 tanto en latencia como en amplitud ante la presentación de rostros invertidos comparados con los rostros presentados verticalmente. Tampoco se encontró alteración en la precisión de la respuesta y demora en los tiempos de reacción ante los rostros invertidos comparados con los rostros verticales. Estos resultados probablemente se pueden explicar por la presentación prolongada de los rostros invertidos que permitieron a los participantes tener el tiempo para reorganizar los elementos que componen los rostros. El aporte de este estudio es poner en evidencia que el tiempo de presentación de rostros invertidos es crucial para que se presente el efecto de inversión de rostros, el cual debe estar entre 200 y 500 milisegundos.
Propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de ansiedad social para adultos (CASO) en Perú
Authors: Salazar Isabel C.
Published: March 2020

La investigación sobre la evaluación de la ansiedad social en Iberoamérica es escasa. En los últimos años se ha informado sobre las características psicométricas del “Cuestionario de ansiedad social para adultos” (CASO) en distintos países iberoamericanos, excepto Perú. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las pruebas de validez basadas en el constructo, las pruebas de validez basadas en la relación con otras variables de tipo convergente y la fiabilidad del CASO, utilizando una muestra no clínica de 3064 peruanos. El análisis factorial confirmatorio comprobó que el modelo de cinco factores relacionados se ajustaba mejor a los datos que el modelo jerárquico y se halló que el modelo unifactorial no tenía un buen ajuste. Las correlaciones entre los factores del CASO (de .608 a .709) indicaron que cada uno de ellos evalúa aspectos específicos del constructo y aportan, a su vez, a la medición global del mismo. Los coeficientes de fiabilidad fueron de aceptables a muy buenos (.78# w# .85, .75# w# .83). La alta correlación (r= .69) con la subescala de Ansiedad de la “Escala de ansiedad social de Liebowitz, versión de autoinforme” (LSAS-SR), apoya su relación con la variable convergente. Estas adecuadas características psicométricas del CASO respaldan su utilización con población peruana.
Calidad de Vida en Personas con Discapacidad Intelectual y Múltiple De 4 a 21 Años de Edad
Authors: CÓRDOBA ANDRADE LEONOR , SALAMANCA DUQUE LUISA MATILDE , MORA ANTO ADRIANA
Published: March 2020

El objetivo fue caracterizar la calidad de vida de personas con discapacidad intelectual y múltiple de 4 a 21 años a través de la Escala Kidslife validada para Colombia. Se realizó un estudio correlacional, participaron 220 informantes clave. Las dimensiones donde se evidenciaron puntuaciones medias más altas en calidad de vida fueron bienestar físico y bienestar emocional; contrariamente, las puntuaciones más bajas se registraron en autodeterminación e inclusión social; se encontraron diferencias significativas de acuerdo con: nivel de discapacidad, nivel de necesidades de apoyo y nivel de dependencia reconocida. Las mayores diferencias significativas correspondieron a las variables: sexo, contar con la familia y tener acceso a la escolaridad, sin embargo, las variables explicativas de la calidad de vida fueron: nivel de necesidades de apoyo, contar con el apoyo de una familia, residir en el hogar familiar y escolarización ordinaria. Se concluyó que los menores puntajes en autodeterminación e inclusión social indican la necesidad de promover la participación en actividades comunitarias de interés que sean incluyentes. De igual forma, las relaciones encontradas entre los factores sociodemográficos y la calidad de vida evidencian la necesidad de implementar intervenciones orientadas a la creación de planes de apoyo individualizados con el fin de promover su autodeterminación y estimular los logros personales y organizacionales.
Carbon isotope evidence for water-column carbon and iron cycling in the Paleoproterozoic ocean and implications for the early biological pump
Authors: Tsikos Harilaos , Mhlanga Xolane R , Sipesihle Rafuza, , Papadopoulos Vlassis , Boyce Adrian C , R. D. Mason Paul , Harris Christopher , Gröcke Darren R , Lyons Timothy W
Published: March 2020

Carbon isotope evidence for water-column carbon and iron cycling in the Paleoproterozoic ocean and implications for the early biological pump
Factors influencing equity fund performance: evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Sanjaya Sigit , Yulia Yosi , Elfiswandi  , Melmusi Zerni , Suretno Faradilla
Published: March 2020

This study aims to discover the factors that affect equity fund performance in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2015–2018. This research is quantitative. Past performance, stock selection skills, market timing abilities, fund size, fund age are independent variables, while fund performance is the dependent variable. The population in this study was 73 equity funds. A total of 21 equity funds were selected as the sample by the purposive sampling method. The analytical method used is panel data regression analysis using the EViews program. Hypotheses were tested using a t-test with a significance level of alpha 0.05. The results show that equity fund past performance, stock selection skill, market timing ability, fund size, fund age and IDX composite index simultaneously have a significant effect on equity fund performance. Stock selection skill and IDX composite index partially have a positive and significant effect on equity fund performance. However, past performance, market timing ability, fund size and fund age have no positive and significant effect on equity fund performance.
AcknowledgmentAll authors would like to thank Universitas Putra Indonesia YPTK Padang and Yayasan Perguruan Tinggi Komputer for financial support. Any remaining errors are our own.
Trends, change points and spatial variability in extreme precipitation events from 1961 to 2017 in China
Authors: Li Linchao , Zou Yufeng , Li Yi , Lin Haixia , Liu De Li , Wang Bin , Yao Ning , Song Songbai
Published: March 2020

Extreme precipitation events vary with different sub-regions, sites and years and show complex characteristics. In this study, the temporal variations, trends with significance and change points in the annual time series of 10 extreme precipitation indices (EPIs) at 552 sites and in seven sub-regions were analyzed using the modified Mann–Kendall test and sequential Mann–Kendall analysis. Three representative (extremely wet, normal and extremely dry) years from 1961 to 2017 were selected by the largest, 50%, and smallest empirical frequency values in China. The spatiotemporal changes in the EPIs during the three representative years were analyzed in detail. The results showed that during 1961–2017, both the consecutive wet or dry days decreased significantly, while the number of heavy precipitation days had no significant trend, and the other seven wet EPIs increased insignificantly. The abrupt change years of the 10 EPIs occurred 32 and 40 times from 1963 to 1978 and from 1990 to 2016, respectively, regardless of sub-region. The extremely dry (or wet) events mainly occurred in western (or southwestern) China, implying a higher extreme event risk. The extremely wet, normal and extremely dry events from 1961 to 2017 occurred in 2016, 1997 and 2011 with empirical frequencies of 1.7%, 50% and 98.3%, respectively. In addition, 1998 was the second-most extremely wet year (empirical frequency was 3.7%). The monthly precipitation values were larger from February to August in 1998, forming a much earlier flood peak than that of 2016. The 10 EPIs had close connections with Normalized Difference Vegetation Indexes during the 12 months of 1998 and 2016. This study provides useful references for disaster prevention in China.
Improved SMA-based SCS-CN method incorporating storm duration for runoff prediction on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Shi Wenhai , Wang Ni
Published: March 2020

In the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method for estimating runoff, three antecedent moisture condition (AMC) levels produce a discrete relation between the curve number (CN) and soil water content, which results in corresponding sudden jumps in estimated runoff. An improved soil moisture accounting (SMA)-based SCS-CN method that incorporates a continuous function for the AMC was developed to obviate sudden jumps in estimated runoff. However, this method ignores the effect of storm duration on surface runoff, yet this is an important component of rainfall-runoff processes. In this study, the SMA-based method for runoff estimation was modified by incorporating storm duration and a revised SMA procedure. Then, the performance of the proposed method was compared to both the original SCS-CN and SMA-based methods by applying them in three experimental watersheds located on the Loess Plateau, China. The results indicate that the SCS-CN method underestimates large runoff events and overestimates small runoff events, yielding an efficiency of 0.626 in calibration and 0.051 in validation; the SMA-based method has improved runoff estimation in both calibration (efficiency = 0.702) and validation (efficiency = 0.481). However, the proposed method performed significantly better than both, yielding model efficiencies of 0.810 and 0.779 in calibration and validation, respectively.
New ultrafiltration (UF) membrane made with a new polymer material for long-lasting rejection performance, Neophil®
Authors: Lorain Olivier , Marcellino Sébastien , Deratani André , Gassara Sana , Duchemin Isabelle , Espenan Jean-Michel
Published: March 2020

This paper focuses on the development of a new membrane, named Neophil®, with durable performance using a new amphiphilic nanostructured dibloc-copolymer (BCP) composed of one hydrophilic bloc and one hydrophobic bloc which is anchored deeply and permanently in the polymer matrix (PVDF, Kynar resin Arkema) of the membrane. Compared to conventional membranes, particle rejections (suspended solids, microplastics, bacteria and viruses) have been shown to be maintained through accelerated ageing experiments. In this paper, this new membrane technology is described and its durability is demonstrated and compared with other membranes of the market.
Robust model predictive control for a small reverse osmosis desalination unit subject to uncertainty and actuator fault
Authors: Kargar Seyed Mohamad , Mehrad Reza
Published: March 2020

Actuator faults are inevitable in small reverse osmosis desalination plants. They may cause energy losses and reduce the quality of the freshwater, which may endanger human life. Model predictive control (MPC) is a model-based approach widely used to control process systems such as reverse osmosis, while considering a set of constraints. In this paper, three methods of predictive model controllers are considered for the control of a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) reverse osmosis desalination system in the presence of noise, model mismatch, and actuator fault. Formulation of enhanced constrained receding horizon predictive control via bounded data uncertainties (CRHPC-BDU) are extended for linear time-invariant MIMO systems. Permeate flow rate and conductivity of the water produced are controlled by a retentate valve and a bypass valve, respectively. The simulation results show the robustness of the suggested approach in the presence of both noise and uncertainties. CRHPC-BDU has a better performance subject to systems with model uncertainty and actuator fault up to a reasonable limit. By increasing the actuator fault up to 34%, the robustness of CRHPC-BDU is further highlighted in permeate conductivity, where the fluctuations of permeate conductivity dampen sooner than in the other two controllers.