bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Model Simulasi Berbasis Algoritma Dalam Peningkatan Kompetensi Manajemen Kesiagaan Bencana Perawat Komunitas Kota Surakarta
Authors: Sunarto Sunarto , Harnanto Addi Mardi
Published: January 2020

Background: The Republic of Indonesia is a country that is vulnerable to disasters. Disaster preparedness is an important component in disaster management in order to reduce mortality or morbidity. One component of the community component that plays a role in disaster preparedness is health workers including nurses. The role and competence of disaster management must be considered and enhanced for community nurses to ensure the safety of the community in dealing with disasters starting from the prevention phase, the mitigation phase, the preparedness phase, the emergency response phase and the recovery phase. Algorhythms is an effective method in increasing understanding in a training or simulation.This study was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the algorithm based algorithm can increase competency of disaster preparedness management in community nurses in the city of Surakarta. Methods: This type of research is a comparative experimental study with a pretest-post test with control group design. The population in this study were all community nurses in the city of Surakarta as many as 110 people. The sampling technique was a total sampling of 97 people (88%). Data is tested by Difference Test. Results: There was an increase in the value of roles and competencies in all groups. Difference in value improvement in the treatment group is (role = 2.56 and competence = 2.76). While the increase in value in the control group is (role = 2.05 and competence = 1.88). Value of P = 0.00. Conclusion: There are significant differences in the value of roles and competencies between the treatment and control groups. Increasing the value of the role and competence of the simulation group with algorithm learning is higher than the control group.
Optimasi Campuran Manitol-Sukrosa Untuk Tablet Hisap Ekstrak Daun Dewa (Gynura Procumbens (Lour) Merr)) Secara Granulasi Basah Dengan Metode Simplex Lattice Design
Authors: Rusita Youstiana Dwi
Published: January 2020

Abstract: Dewa Leaves, Lozenges, Simplex Lattice Design. Dewa is an Indonesian traditional medicinal plants are efficacious among others to the tonsils. Dewa leaf extract can be prepared as lozenges because it is more practical and effective than the traditional way in the form of infusion. This study aimed to get the optimum formula mannitol - sucrose using the simplex lattice design that has more value than triall error. Dewa leaf aqueous extract obtained by maceration leaf powder dewa with 70% ethanol and then evaporated to obtain a thick extract is dried with aerosil. This study is based on the method simplex lattice design with two components, namely FI (100% mannitol), F II (100% sucrose), F III (50% mannitol: 50% sucrose). The method used in the manufacture of leaf extract lozenges Dewa was wet granulation using the binder PVP. The granules tested flow rate, compactibility and granules ditablet to test the taste responses. Of the value of the response characteristics of the granules obtained the largest total selected as the optimum formula. Furthermore ditablet and tested physical properties which include uniformity of weight, hardness and friability of tablets. Data of physical properties of the granules suction of the optimum formula theoretically and statistically tested using the t test (T-test). The results showed that the optimum formula derived from a mixture of mannitol 70% - sucrosa 30%. From the results of the t test (T-test) and compactibility flow rate did not different significantly betwen theoretical experiment. To test the taste responses acceptable 98% of respondents. Dewa leaf extract lozenges optimum formula produced meets the physical properties of the tablet.
Bentuk Dan Derajat Luka Perineum Ibu Nifas Di Wilayah Kabupaten Klaten
Authors: Mulati Triwik Sri
Published: January 2020

Abstract: Perineum Laceration Type, Perineum Laceration Level, Post Partum Mother. The aim of this research was to know the descriptive of the type and the level of perineum laceration on post partum mother at Klaten. This research was descriptive design. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The respondents were 84 post partum mothers who experienced perineum laceration but without complication. The result showed the majority of perineum laceration type was rupture (86.9 %) and the majority of perineum laceration level was 2ᵑᵈ level (69 %).
Perbedaan Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Bersalin Pada Kelas Ibu Hamil Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tulung
Authors: Nugraheni Intan , Kuswati Kuswati
Published: January 2020

Abstract: Class Pregnant Women; Levels Of Anxiety. Anxiety is one of the main factors that influence whether or not an action smoothness of delivery. Pregnant women with sufficient knowledge proved to have a low risk of the occurrence of complications of childbirth. Educational intervention in the form of counseling mothers on maternal class. Purpose is to knowing the differences in levels of maternal anxiety on the class of pregnant woman in the Puskesmas Tulung. Type of quasi-experimental research design with a static group comparison. The population is pregnant women PHC Tulung region. Samples are 36 pregnant women who meet the criteria cadre, which consisted of 18 pregnant women who attend classes pregnant women and 18 pregnant women who donot attend classes pregnant women with purposive sampling technique. Respondents who attend classes maternal anxiety has a value of at least 6, the maximum value of 20 with an average of 15.4 and the majority of respondents (61.1%) had anxiety medium category. Those who do not attend classes anxiety mother has a value of at least 14, the maximum value of 27, with an average of 20.67 and a majority of respondents have anxiety was (88.9%). There are differences in the level of maternal anxiety that follows and that pregnant women do not attend classes in the Puskesmas Tulung, with significant differences in anxiety score (p value = 0.000).
Hubungan Antara Dukungan Orang Tua Dan Pengetahuan Siswi Dengan Kesiapan Siswi Dalam Menghadapi Menstruasi Di MI Sanggrong Tegalrejo Purwantoro Wonogiri
Authors: Rahmawati Rahmawati , Murwati Murwati , Istikhomah Henik
Published: January 2020

Abstract: Support Parent, Knowledge Of Student, Readiness Of Student, Menstruation. Menarche is a sign of early entry of a woman in the reproductive period.Menarche is the first menstrual period experienced by all women, especially adolescents. All teenagers who will experience the first menstruation most say fear,anxiety, and not yet avail, this is due to lack of parental support and lack of knowledge of girls about menstruation so that the impact on the readiness of female students in menstrual period. Purpose: to know the relationship between parental support and knowledge students about menstruation with the readiness of students in the face of menstruation. Method: This research is a descriptive analytic research with cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all students of MI Sanggrong class IV, V, VI in 2017 which amounted to 64 students. Sampling by using purposive sampling with amount as much as 33 student. Result of research: parent support to menstruation enter enough category as much 47,2% of respondents. Students' knowledge about menstruation is categorized as good as 66.7% of respondents. While the readiness of students in the face of menstruation is said to be as much as 88.9%. The value of p value on pearson correlation test between parental support and side readiness is 0,011 where p value <0,05 meaning there is significant relation between parent support with readiness of student in facing menstruation. While the value of p value of Pearson correlation test between students 'knowledge with the readiness offemale students in facing menstruation is 0.001 where p value <0.05 which means there is a relationship between students' knowledge about menstruation and readiness of students in the face of menstruation. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the support of parents and the knowledge of female students with the readiness of female students in facing menstruation in MI sanggrong, tegalrejo, purwantoro, wonogiri with p value 0.001 and 0.011
New species of Amorphophallus (Araceae) in the Philippines and an updated key
Authors: Hetterscheid W.L.A. , Medecilo M.P. , Callado J.R.C. , Galloway A.
Published: January 2020

The number of named Philippine species of the genus Amorphophallus ( Araceae-Thomsonieae)amounts to 13 today. Three existing species names (not included in this count) cannot be attributed to presently recognized species for lack of their holotypes, which were all destroyed
in WWII. Five new species are described here and an identification key to all species recognized from the Philippines is presented.
STOCHASTIC INFORMATIVE EXPERT SYSTEM FOR INVESTMENT
Authors: Rutkauskas Aleksandras Vytautas , Stasytytė Viktorija
Published: January 2020

The stochastic nature of investment process implies that it should be treated not unambiguously. Instead of concentrating only on possible return, it is worth analysing three parameters when we discuss the future investment results. These parameters are return possibility, reliability of this possibility, and the riskiness. The stochastic informative expert system for investment allows to analyse the behaviour of financial markets, forecasting the dynamics of stock prices and, along with that, rationally allocating investment resources. The proposed system is based on the adequate portfolio model, previously developed by the authors. Considering the real-time characteristics of financial markets, the system can be useful for individual investors, as well as for institutional investors, such as investment funds. Also, the authors propose the original risk tolerance determination methodology, which divides investors into three categories according their risk tolerance. The system can be applicable not only to capital markets, but also to other business or macroeconomic processes. As an example, a portfolio of the interaction of macroeconomic indicators with USA, UK, and Lithuanian data is developed. Such results could be useful for economists and governments in order to attain the higher value added in a particular country.
Diversity and community of culturable endophytic fungi from stems and roots of desert halophytes in northwest China
Authors: Li Jia-Long , Sun Xiang , Zheng Yong , Lü Peng-Peng , Wang Yong-Long , Guo Liang-Dong
Published: January 2020

Halophytes have high species diversity and play important roles in ecosystems. However, endophytic fungi of halophytes in desert ecosystems have been less investigated. In this study, we examined endophytic fungi associated with the stem and root of ten halophytic species colonizing the Gurbantonggut desert. A total of 36 endophytic fungal taxa were obtained, dominated by Alternaria eichhorniae, Monosporascus ibericus, and Pezizomycotina sp.1. The colonization rate and species richness of endophytic fungi varied in the ten plant species, with higher rates in roots than in stems. The endophytic fungal community composition was significantly affected by plant identity and tissue type. Some endophytic fungi showed significant host and tissue preferences. This finding suggests that host identity and tissue type structure endophytic fungal community in a desert ecosystem.
La coconstruction discursive des objets de soin en addictologie : du protocole de soin en unité méthadone à la santé globale
Authors: Cance Caroline , Ploog Katja
Published: January 2020

Nous explorons la coconstruction des objets de soin, à travers l’étude d’une collection de treize consultations en Centre de soin, d’accompagnement et de prévention en addictologie (CSAPA). Caractérisée par un fractionnement multiple du soin (diversité d’acteurs professionnels, de temporalités), la prise en charge pluridisciplinaire se construit autour d’un conséquent travail langagier qu’il s’agit d’expliciter : comment le soin est-il construit, conjointement, par le professionnel et l’usager ? Comment est évoquée la vulnérabilité de l’usager et en quoi cela fait-il soin ? La méthodologie d’analyse, fondée sur une double approche séquentielle et thématique du discours, inspirée de l’analyse conversationnelle et de l’analyse du discours, permet de montrer comment le « point sur le traitement de substitution », objet central de ces consultations, se révèle un support pour construire le soin global. Celui-ci se tisse à travers le fractionnement et l’intrication d’une multiplicité d’objets de soin, grâce au travail d’étayage, à la grande disponibilité et adaptabilité des professionnel·les ainsi qu’au caractère routinier des interactions.
La maternité à l’épreuve de la cécité, expériences et pratiques
Authors: Doé Marion
Published: January 2020

La parentalité, lorsqu’elle est associée au handicap, est très largement pensée sous l’angle des parents ayant un enfant déficient ou atteint de maladie grave. À l’inverse, les parents en situation de handicap constituent une population davantage invisibilisée, notamment en sociologie. Les personnes en situation de handicap sont majoritairement décrites comme des bénéficiaires de soins, d’accompagnements et donc, a priori , peu capables d’en prodiguer. Le parent est, selon la norme, un pourvoyeur de care et c’est précisément ce dernier point qui est à mettre à l’épreuve de la cécité, déficience à laquelle je circonscris mon travail. Il s’agit d’une recherche de l’intérieur car je partage avec ma population d’étude la condition de mère non-voyante. Dans un premier pôle d’analyse, il est question des maternités des femmes aveugles qui sont confrontées à une double épreuve : le blâme social, vécu ou ressenti, vient s’imbriquer avec la question du doute de soi, les deux renvoyant ces femmes à leurs incapacités présupposées. Cependant, le deuxième pôle met en lumière les pratiques de ces mères qui parviennent à reconfigurer leur statut de pourvoyeuse de soins. Supposées « incapables », elles parviennent à mettre en œuvre des pratiques attestant leurs réelles capacités d’agir. Ces pratiques sont toutefois la preuve d’une hyperadhésion aux normes de genre et de parentalité qui, par là même, sont exacerbées.
Âge, exclusion et espace
Authors: Drilling Matthias , Tappert Simone , Fabian Carlo , Janett Sandra , Bischoff Tobias
Published: January 2020

Jusqu’à maintenant, dans le débat sur l’exclusion et la vieillesse, l’espace ne jouait qu’un rôle secondaire. Or, aujourd’hui, ce rapport est rééquilibré par le passage d’une vision absolue de l’espace à une approche relationnelle, sous la forme de triade (Lefebvre, Soja). L’article se fait le reflet de ce «  critical turn  » dans les débats scientifiques sur l’exclusion et la vieillesse, qui repose sur une critique fondamentale des stéréotypes hégémoniques, de l’homogénéisation et des représentations de la vieillesse. La vieillesse est perçue comme une construction sociale et une pratique culturelle, et le rapport entre vieillesse, exclusion et espace est présenté comme un ensemble de dimensions se construisant les unes les autres. Le paradigme d’urbanisme «  Design for all  » est ici considéré comme un nouvel axe. Il se caractérise par le « désancrage » de la vieillesse et de l’urbanisme et par une vision inclusive. Bien que ce paradigme émergent soit orienté sur l’individualité et plaide pour une égalité des chances, on l’accuse dans le même temps de favoriser l’apparition d’une norme et les mécanismes d’inclusion et d’exclusion qui en découlent.
Le chômage en fin de carrière comme mécanisme d’exclusion
Authors: Borges das Neves Rita
Published: January 2020

La transformation profonde du mode de production capitaliste, accentuée par la relative stagnation économique à laquelle nous assistons dans les pays développés, a modifié la dynamique du marché du travail, ainsi que sa capacité d’absorption de main-d’œuvre.
Effect of thermal processing and traditional flavouring mixture on mycotoxin reduction in pistachio
Authors: Jalili M. , Selamat J. , Rashidi L.
Published: January 2020

The effect of heating (roasting and microwave radiation heating) along with a traditional pistachio flavouring mixture (containing verjuice, thyme extract, and sodium chloride) was investigated on reducing aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in pistachios. The naturally and artificially contaminated samples were soaked in the flavouring mixture (for 5, 10 and 24 h) and then subjected to roasting (at 120 and 150 °C for 50 min) and heating by microwave radiation (6 and 10 min). The residual mycotoxins were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that all treatments were able to reduce mycotoxin content (aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2 and OTA) significantly (P<0.05), up to 85.7±2.5% (during roasting) and up to 72.5±2.6% (during heating by microwave radiation). The highest reduction of AFs and OTA (ranging from 51.7±2.3 to 85.7±2.5%) was found when the contaminated (naturally and artificially) samples were soaked in the traditional mixture for 24 h and roasted at 150 °C. It could be concluded that the traditional flavouring method in combination with the roasting process or heating by microwave radiation could be applied as a useful and safe method for mycotoxin degradation in pistachio. Although, complete elimination of mycotoxins was not achieved, the method reduced mycotoxins more than 60% without adverse effect on the taste and appearance of pistachios.
Treatment Approaches to Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Sood Manu R.
Published: January 2020

CME Educational Objectives

1.

Describe approaches to the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.

2.

Identify and characterize pharmacologic agents used to treat diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.

3.

Discuss the currently recommended management options for constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.
Examining Methanol as an Alternative Marine Fuel for Indonesian Domestic Ships
Authors: Priyanto E. M. , Olcer A. I. , Ballini F
Published: January 2020

The analysis in hand aims to provide insight and to explore the future usage of methanol as an alternative marine fuel for domestic ships in Indonesia. An overview of potential application, analysis of resources availability, and stakeholder readiness/overall views on the topic are provided; related challenges are also identified and further examined.

The potential performance of methanol as a fuel is discussed and evaluated via two different perspectives (the ship-owner perspective and the government one), through case studies of two passenger ships owned by the shipping company Pelayaran Indonesia (PELNI): MV. Labobar and MV. Gunung Dempo. As ship-owners tend to look very closely at the economic aspects, a feasibility study is performed by developing a combinatorial scenario approach based on the combination of economic measures of merit (NPV and payback period) along with a technical scenario (main-pilot fuel set up); a few of the variables included in the calculation are: ship age, ship productivity, and macro-economy conditions. Regarding the government perspective, the issues of environmental protection and policy compliance are evaluated by examining six emission types (NOx, SOx, CO2, CH4, N2O, and PM). Additionally, since there is a trade-off situation in government subsidies between the government and ship-owner interests, an optimization and sensitivity analysis is performed by utilizing a combinatorial scenario model to determine optimum methanol price and external variables influencing the decision to support further use of methanol in the Indonesian market.

An important finding was that Indonesia has certain advantages/drivers to introduce methanol as marine fuel. However, methanol competitiveness is mainly dependent on ship productivity and the price differences between methanol and marine diesel oil (MDO). Additionally, policy analysis (through an optimization approach) could be one of the government options in order to determine the optimum condition in establishing methanol as marine fuel. Finally, short, medium, and long term recommendations are also provided as the basis for future consideration.
Investigation of Auxiliary Power Potentials of Solar Photovoltaic Applications of Dry Bulk Carrier Ships
Authors: Saidyleigh Wandifa , Olcer A. I. , Baumler R
Published: January 2020

The increase in world seaborne trade over the past decade due to global economic and population expansion has resulted in a corresponding increase of world shipping fleet with even greater size and power requirements. The bulk of these ships use cheap and widely available fossil fuels, mainly oil for operation but which has deleterious effects on the environment. In order to address environmental concerns in the shipping sector, the International Maritime Organization (IMO), responding to the global call to reduce greenhouse gases emissions from international shipping adopted technical and operational measures. These are to ensure efficient energy management on ships and have led to the application of many innovative technologies including the use of renewable energies and alternative fuels on ships to minimize fossil fuel consumption and reduce emissions.
However, in order to achieve a substantial emissions reduction in international shipping, the potential applicability of a technology which utilizes a universal renewable energy resource on the largest ship type in international shipping fleet should be investigated. This research focuses on investigating the potential of Solar Photovoltaic technology on dry bulk carriers using a developed methodology and Levelised cost of energy concept as the basis for comparison. The results of this research can be used to guide decision makers about the potentials of Solar Photovoltaic technology on dry bulk carriers in general whilst its developed methodology may be useful in the specific context for determining which ships and under what circumstances solar PV is an option.
Microbubble - A Unique Technology for Reducing the Drag of Wind Farm Vessel Services
Authors: Yang Wenxian , Yang Hongwei , Wang Ji , Sheng Meiping , Wang Minqing
Published: January 2020

Many experimental tests and model simulation research have been conducted previously in order to explore the potential of microbubbles in reducing the drag of vessels. However, different conclusions are drawn in different open literatures. In view of this, model simulation research is further conducted in this paper in order to seek the consensus on the influences of microbubble size, microbubble density, and microbubble initial velocity on drag reduction. From the model simulation results, it has been found that increasing microbubble density and their initial velocity will increase the local bubble volume fraction, thus increases drag reduction. However, the change of microbubble size will not influence drag reduction significantly. This research finding will be of very importance to the future design of low resistance wind farm service vessels.
Multi-Role Vessels: Design, Manning & Cost Drivers
Authors: Smith D. R.
Published: January 2020

Informed by the Naval Design Partnering involvement in concept design for future UK warships and auxiliary vessels, this paper comments on the technological developments supporting the emergence of multi-role vessels in modern navies, including both manpower considerations and what modularity or flexibility means for the future cost-capability trade space for naval design. It refers to the future trends in naval surface ship designs and technologies, including expected trends in autonomy and unmanned systems. It challenges traditional views on deploying capability, considers the design and cost drivers for multi-role vessels and explores what this might mean in terms of how complexity impacts ship size and cost. A key consideration is how well the different roles can co-exist in one vessel, with examples given of different roles that would dovetail together well to address the concurrency requirement of different capabilities in a single ship. The paper reflects on the significance of naval manpower as the key through life cost driver for naval programmes, and the implications for the manning solutions and cost of future multi-role ship concepts.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MODULAR MULTI-ROLE VESSEL FOR NAVAL AND COASTGUARD OPERATIONS
Authors: Humphries A. D. , Davies L. J. , Browning C. P. , Fox-Robinson J. E.
Published: January 2020

To deliver the full range of operational and support roles naval and coast guard forces typically employ many different types of specialist craft. Their specialist nature and the need for redundancy means that these craft are often under-utilised, spending much of their lives waiting for a particular requirement or incident to occur. As a result these critical and expensive assets can deteriorate through lack of use and become increasingly expensive to operate. A modular multi-role solution has been developed to address these issues. The system comprises a standard platform that can be fitted with one of a number of specialist modules. These self-contained modules can be rapidly exchanged to enable the craft to meet planned and unplanned operational and support requirements.
Studious Ship Design: A Review of UCL MSC Warship Designs
Authors: Pawling R. J. , Savage C.
Published: January 2020

It is more than 50 years since the UK MoD teaching of warship design moved from Greenwich to UCL, and the course has evolved into MSc Naval Architecture and MSc Marine Engineering courses covering both warships and other complex service vessels, with students from navies, governments and industry worldwide. This presentation will describe this years’ designs, outlining the technical solutions proposed to a diverse set of user requirements set by the academic staff. Some of the educational aspects and challenges of the design exercise course will also be described.

Portions of this paper are reproduced from reference [1]; which provides a more detailed example of the work put into a typical MSc SDX ship design.
L’évaluation environnementale stratégique dans les pays en voie de développement : le rôle des Agences multilatérales de développement
Authors: Tshibangu Ghislain Mwamba , Montaño Marcelo
Published: January 2020

Les Agences Multilatérales de Développement (AMD) sont considérées comme des corporations qui stimulent et encouragent l’application de l’évaluation environnementale stratégique (EES) au titre de réquisitoire pour la concession des financements. Au sein des AMD, cet instrument fut adopté pour pallier aux limitations de l’évaluation des impacts environnementaux des projets et s’adapter au changement de la politique de financement. Ce changement se caractérise par le financement non seulement des projets, mais aussi des Politiques, Plans et Programmes. L’EES fut adoptée en 1999 par la Banque mondiale, en 2001 par la Banque africaine de développement, en 2003 par la Banque asiatique de développement et en 2007 par la Banque interaméricaine de développement. L’analyse des politiques environnementales des AMD révèle des similarités entre elles en ce qui concerne le processus environnemental dans l’octroi des financements. Le présent article reconnait le rôle des AMD dans la dissémination de l’EES dans les pays en voie de développement et dresse un portrait des EES sollicitées par les corporations de développement pour guider leurs prises de décision. Les résultats obtenus démontrent l’augmentation du nombre des EES appliquées au fil des années et attirent l’attention sur les premières applications de cet instrument qui intervinrent avant son adoption formelle par les AMD. Une analyse restreinte du secteur énergétique révèle que le sous-secteur hydroélectricité se démarque comme étant celui qui a reçu le plus grand nombre des EES. L’article, en conclusion, suggère une caractérisation des EES appliquées à ce sous-secteur compte tenu des impacts causés et de son importance au sein des AMD.
Machine Learning Optimization Techniques for 3D IC Physical Design
Authors: Gracia Nirmala Rani D.  , Shanthi J. , Rajaram S.
Published: January 2020

The importance and growth of the digital IC have become more popular because of parameters such as small feature size, high speed, low cost, less power consumption, and temperature. There have been various techniques and methodologies developed so far using different optimization algorithms and data structures based on the dimensions of the IC to improve these parameters. All these existing algorithms illustrate explicit advantages in optimizing the chip area, maximum temperature of the chip, and wire length. Though there are some advantages in these traditional algorithms, there are few demerits such as execution time, integration, and computational complexity due to the necessity of handling large number of data. Machine learning techniques produce vibrant results in such fields where it is required to handle big data in order to optimize the scaling parameters of IC design. The objective of this chapter is to give an elaborate idea of applying machine learning techniques using Bayesian theorem to create automation tool for VLSI 3D IC design steps.
A Novel Approach to Kinect-Based Gesture Recognition for HCI Applications
Authors: Saha Sriparna , Lahiri Rimita , Konar Amit
Published: January 2020

With the advent of Kinect and other modern-day sensors, gesture recognition has emerged as one of the most promising research disciplines for developing innovative and efficient human-computer interaction platforms. In the present work, the authors aim to build an interactive system by combining the principles of pattern recognition along with the intelligent application of Kinect sensor. Involving Kinect sensor has served the purpose of collecting skeletal data, and after processing the same, the extracted relevant features have been fed to principal component analysis for dimensionality reduction phase. Finally, instead of using a single classifier for detection, in this chapter, an ensemble of k-nearest neighbor classifiers has been chosen since an ensemble algorithm is always likely to provide better results than a single classifier. To justify the efficacy of the designed framework it is implemented for interpretation of 20 distinct gestures, and in each case, it has generated better performances as compared to the other existing techniques.
Implementation of Machine Learning in Network Security
Authors: Gopalsamy Bharathi N. , Brindha G. R.  , Santhi B.
Published: January 2020

Machine learning (ML) is prevalent across the globe and applied in almost all domains. This chapter focuses on implementation of ML with real-time use cases. Day-to-day activities are automated to ease the task and increase the quality of decision. ML is the backbone of the perfect decision support system with a plethora of applications. The use case described in this chapter is ML & Security, which is implemented in R Script. Adversaries took advantages of ML to avoid detection and evade defenses. Network intrusion detection system (IDS) is the major issue nowadays. Its primary task is to collect relevant features from the computer network. These selected features can be fed into the ML algorithms to predict the label. The challenge in this use case is what type of feature to consider for intrusion and anomaly detection (AD). This chapter focuses on end-to-end process to get insight into the stream of data from the network connection with priority given to forecasting mechanism and prediction of the future. Forecasting is applied to the time series data to get sensible decisions.
Machine Learning in Video Games
Authors: Kaliappan Jayakumar , Sundararajan Karpagam
Published: January 2020

Machine learning is a part of artificial intelligence in which the learning was done using the data available in the environment. Machine learning algorithms are mainly used in game development to change from presripted games to adaptive play games. The main theme or plot of the game, game levels, maps in route, and racing games are considered as content. Context refers to the game screenplay, sound effects, and visual effects. In any type of game, maintaining the fun mode of the player is very important. Predictable moves by non-players in the game and same type of visual effects will reduce the player's interest in the game. The machine learning algorithms works in automatic content generation and nonpayer character behaviours in gameplay. In pathfinding games, puzzle games, strategy games adding intelligence to enemy and opponents makes the game more interesting. The enjoyment and fun differs from game to game. For example, in horror games, fun is experienced when safe point is reached.
Self-Driving Cars
Authors: Jha Pooja , Patnaik K. Sridhar
Published: January 2020

Human errors are the main cause of vehicle crashes. Self-driving cars bear the promise to significantly reduce accidents by taking the human factor out of the equation, while in parallel monitor the surroundings, detect and react immediately to potentially dangerous situations and driving behaviors. Artificial intelligence tool trains the computers to do things like detect lane lines and identify cyclists by showing them millions of examples of the subject at hand. The chapter in this book discusses the technological advancement in transportation. It also covers the autonomy used according to The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). The functional architecture of self-driving cars is further discussed. The chapter also talks about two algorithms for detection of lanes as well as detection of vehicles on the road for self-driving cars. Next, the ethical discussions surrounding the autonomous vehicle involving stakeholders, technologies, social environments, and costs vs. quality have been discussed.
Tool Condition Monitoring Using Artificial Neural Network Models
Authors: Pai Srinivasa P. , N. Nagabhushana T.
Published: January 2020

Tool wear is a major factor that affects the productivity of any machining operation and needs to be controlled for achieving automation. It affects the surface finish, tolerances, dimensions of the workpiece, increases machine down time, and sometimes performance of machine tool and personnel are affected. This chapter deals with the application of artificial neural network (ANN) models for tool condition monitoring (TCM) in milling operations. The data required for training and testing the models studied and developed are from live experiments conducted in a machine shop on a widely used steel, medium carbon steel (En 8) using uncoated carbide inserts. Acoustic emission data and surface roughness data has been used in model development. The goal is for developing an optimal ANN model, in terms of compact architecture, least training time, and its ability to generalize well on unseen (test) data. Growing cell structures (GCS) network has been found to achieve these requirements.
Data Security and Privacy-Preserving in Cloud Computing Paradigm
Authors: Anand Abhineet , Muthusamy Arvindhan
Published: January 2020

Cloud computing is a new technique that has been widely spread recently due to the services provided to users according to their need. Being a pay-for-what-you-use service, it provides a much-encapsulated set of services. Cloud computing acts as a main attraction for the business owners. Whether they are big or small, they can choose from the required services. Management of heavy flow data is very likely to be managed under this with the confidentiality and security of the data attached. Having all these features may attract everyone, but every technique always comes with some issues. The main aim of this survey chapter is to gain a better understanding of security issues that can occur in cloud computing.
Evolution of Integration, Build, Test, and Release Engineering Into DevOps and to DevSecOps
Authors: Pendyala Vishnu
Published: January 2020

Software engineering operations in large organizations are primarily comprised of integrating code from multiple branches, building, testing the build, and releasing it. Agile and related methodologies accelerated the software development activities. Realizing the importance of the development and operations teams working closely with each other, the set of practices that automated the engineering processes of software development evolved into DevOps, signifying the close collaboration of both development and operations teams. With the advent of cloud computing and the opening up of firewalls, the security aspects of software started moving into the applications leading to DevSecOps. This chapter traces the journey of the software engineering operations over the last two to three decades, highlighting the tools and techniques used in the process.
Behavioral Impacts Associated With Students With Disabilities in Australian Schools
Authors: Tencati Anthony Charles
Published: January 2020

This chapter explores the link between students with disabilities, the behaviours they exhibit, the impact this has on their schooling, and the impact upon others. The author's school has a population of about 1,000 students, of whom over 10 percent have verified disabilities. According to Education Council (2016), data regarding the number of students with disabilities is inconsistent between schools in Australia's states and territories, however, there are schools throughout Australia that have large numbers of students with verified disabilities. This is reinforced by the Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority (2018) where in 2017 there were about 18.8 percent of Australian school students with a verified disability. It is not surprising, therefore, that these statistics are concerning and research continues to be a priority. Identifying appropriate pedagogies and more effective management strategies for these students will benefit them, their families, and the community, and contribute to solving pressing issues in these students' lives.
Focusing Effective Feedback Practices on Developing Students' ‘Assessment Literacy'
Authors: Ladbrook Demi Elizabeth
Published: January 2020

This chapter investigated effective feedback practices that develop assessment literacy of the high school gifted and talented in an inclusive environment. Gifted and talented were identified by their fluency of content and flexibility of curriculum areas, with the purpose for feedback to build student capacity for assessment literacy. A conceptual method included the aim for actionable feedback that extended the gifted and talented in their assessment literacy. Efficient feedback that developed assessment literacy included a feed-forward focus, metacognition development, and task-orientated understanding of the criteria. The study emphasised implementation strategies to build student capacity in utilising the feedback provided to its greatest effect. Ultimately, to improve assessment literacy, the use of exemplars to develop metacognition and improve criteria knowledge through strategic calibration of self-assessment were successful strategies used as part of teacher feedback.
Catering for the Specialized Needs of Students With Vision Impairment in Mainstream Classes
Authors: Cain Melissa , Fanshawe Melissa
Published: January 2020

Thousands of students with vision impairment or blindness attend mainstream schools in Australia. Their experiences depend on multiple pertinent factors, including teachers' understanding of the legal requirements to abide by the inclusive education agenda, schools' understanding of the nature of vision impairments, and the challenges they present to learning. Educators' willingness to take on advice regarding adjustments to the curriculum, assessment, technology, and learning environment are also critical to success for such students. This chapter puts forward the voices of students with vision impairment or blindness to provide a picture of the types of alternative formats used in schools today, including braille and assistive technologies. The voices share how important it is for students to be included in all areas of their education to achieve a sense of belonging and acceptance affording them true inclusion. A list of practical recommendations to assist teachers encourage inclusion academically, socially, and physically is detailed in this chapter.
Research and Reflective Practice in the Pre-Literate ESL Classroom
Authors: Hewagodage Vineetha
Published: January 2020

This chapter reports on findings of a qualitative study conducted with diverse cultural and linguistic background adult students engaged in learning English through an adult migrant English language program offered in a refugee welcome zone in a rural region of Australia. Twenty students whose first language was not English were observed in the language learning environment and participated in semi-structured interviews. The research explored how English language learning can be best supported for humanitarian refugees with little or no literacy in their first language to become acculturated and socially integrated into Australian society. It was found that the typical ‘English only approach' that is commonly used in the Adult Migrant English Language Program (AMEP) to teach literacy and develop proficiency in the English language is called into question when applied to learners with limited or no print literacy skills in their first language. It was concluded that these learners, who are commonly referred to in the literature as LESLLA (Low Educated Second Language Acquisition and Literacy for Adults), are faced with a number of social exclusionary practices during their integration process. Recommendations are made on how these issues might be addressed.
High-Performance Red Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on a Gradient-Doped Emitting Layer
Authors: Liu Fei Yang , Wei Bin , Chen Guo
Published: January 2020

Recently the phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) have attracted tremendous attention owing to their extremely high performance. However, PhOLEDs always suffer from the annihilation and quenching of excitons due to higher guest doping concentration. In this work, to obtain a high efficiency red PhOLED, a gradient-doped emitting layer (EML) was employed in the device to improve the device efficiency and suppress the annihilation of excitons. A significant enhancement in terms of current efficiency (CE) and power efficiency (PE) of PhOLEDs with optimized gradient-doped EML was realized with the maximum CE of 13.84 cd A-1 and PE of 18.11 lm W−1, which are 33.9% and 60.7% higher than that of the control device, respectively. The enhanced performance of the PhOLEDs is attributed to the lower guest doping concentration in gradient-doped EML and balanced hole/electron recombination, leading to the reduced triplet-triplet annihilation and triplet-polaron quenching. The simple strategy opens a new avenue for fabricating high-performance PhOLEDs.
Investigation of Cutting Performance for NAK80 Hardened Steel under Different Assisted Machining Systems
Authors: Lin Shen Yung , Wang Z.K.
Published: January 2020

In this study, five different assisted techniques, including without assistance, laser-assisted, flood assisted, MQL-assisted and cold air-assisted were employed for NAK80 mold steel milling. The 18 set experiments were performed in each assisted system but 27 sets were executed in the without assistance situation. Under each assisted milling circumstance, the effects of process parameters on the variations of surface roughness, cutting force, tool wear and surface morphology of the workpiece are thus investigated. Milling experiments of NAK80 mold steel by cutting-tool of extra-fine particle tungsten carbide with TiSiN coating were conducted. And the experiments of the process parameter combinations such as spindle speed, feed rate and radial depth of cut were also planned. The results show that, under the same milling conditions, the surface roughness and cutting force are decreased as the spindle speed is increased, but both of them is increased as the feed rate and radial cutting depth are increased. In addition, the maximum flank wear of the cutting-tool is increased as the spindle speed, feed rate and radial cutting depth are increased. In terms of cutting assistance, the cutting performance exhibited in the cold air-assisted milling prevails over that in milling without assistance as well as with the other each assisted system. As a result, the cutting-tool flank wear, surface roughness and cutting force are all better than the other assisted techniques.
Durability Test on the Bond Strength between SFRP Layer and Masonry Surface
Authors: Jing Meng , Raongjant Werasak
Published: January 2020

The mechanical properties of masonry structural members strengthened by FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) are affected by the bond strength of the reinforcement interface, in addition to the strength of the material FRP itself. This project is aimed at the new technology of Sprayed Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites (SFRP), which is currently attracting attention. The bond strength between SFRP layer and masonry surface under high-humidity condition during strengthening construction and dry-wet cycle conditions after reinforcement were studied by experimental method. Different masonry substrates and different reinforcement methods were set as the test parameters. It is concluded that, compared with the currently used GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer) sheets reinforcement method, the SFRP reinforcement method has an significant improvement in the bond strength and the durability.
Study on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Liu Gao Jie , Bai Er Lei , Xu Jin Yu , Meng Bo Xu , Wang Teng Jiao , Chang Sen
Published: January 2020

The strength and deformation properties of carbon fiber reinforced concrete under different fiber volume loadings under impact loading were studied by using the ɸ100 mm split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test system. The results show that after the carbon fiber is added, the stress-strain curve of the specimen shows the platform section at the peak stress. The strength and peak strain of the concrete under the impact load increase first and then decrease with the increase of the carbon fiber volume. Trend, when the carbon fiber volume is 0.2%, the impact mechanical properties of concrete are significantly improved.
Study on the Dispersion of Aramid Pulp in Epoxy Resin System
Authors: Ding Xiao Ma , Kong Hai Juan , Qiao Meng Meng , Hu Zhi Feng , Yu Mu Huo
Published: January 2020

In order to improve the uniformity of dispersion of aramid pulp (AP) in an epoxy resin (EP) system containing the EP and curing agent, a series of treatments including the surface cleaning, colloid mill grinding, freeze-drying of APs were carried out in this article. In addition, the composites were prepared by mixing the untreated and treated APs and EP system with the AP mass fractions of 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7%. The APs and their dispersion behaviors in EP system were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), fiber quality analyzer, specific surface area tester and optical microscope, moreover, the impact strength and section morphology of composites after impact damage were tested and characterized by a universal material testing machine and SEM.
Study on the Crystallization Behavior of PAN Fibers during Hot-Drawing Process in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid with Different Strain
Authors: Qiao Meng Meng , Kong Hai Juan , Ding Xiao Ma , Hu Zhi Feng , Yu Mu Huo
Published: January 2020

Hot-drawing of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers is an important step in the production of carbon fibers. In this article, we investigated the effect of strain on the crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of PAN fibers treated in supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2) fluid. We mainly used the methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD), monofilament strength analysis and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) to study the crystallization behavior, mechanical properties and thermal behavior of PAN fibers during hot-drawing process. The experimental results showed that the crystallinity and mechanical properties of PAN fibers both increased a lot under the action of strain during hot-drawing in Sc-CO2 fluid. This provides an important method for preparation of higher performance PAN precursor for PAN-based carbon fibers.