bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Kompetensi Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Model Pembelajaran terhadap Pembentukan Karakter Siswa di SMA Islam Parlaungan Waru Sidoarjo
Authors: Putra Muhammad Alamsyah , Masfufah Masfufah , Majid Amir Bandar Abdul
Published: January 2025

Students must have character in accordance with norms and ethical values, to shape the character students need to apply learning models that can support student character formation. Teachers of Islamic education are required to master the competencies aimed at providing quality learning so that students can be accepted with maximum. The competencies that teachers of Islamic education and the model of discharge used are important factors to be able to realize students with character. The purpose of this research is to find out the influence of PAI teacher competence and learning models on student character formation, the type of research used in this study is quantitative research. The total number of samples used for this investigation is 64 respondents, the method of sampling this study is Purposive Sampling. The analysis test used for this study is a double linear regression technique with the help of a statistical program tool such as SPSS 26. The results of the test and interpretation in this study can be concluded, Teacher's Competence in Islamic Education (X₁) have a significant and positive influence on Student Character Formation (Y) with a score of 0.316 with t-statistics 2.959 and p-values 0.004 < 0.050. The Learning Model (X₂) has a significant, positive impact on Students' Characters Formation with a value of 0.672 with a t-static of 5.422 and a p- values of 0,000< 0.050.
COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE OF THE AUTOMOBILE CONNECTORS AND CABLES SECTOR: A SWOT PERSPECTIVE
Authors: J Abisha , Renu R. Sam
Published: January 2025

The competitive landscape of the automobile connectors and cables sector is increasingly dynamic,
driven by technological advancements, evolving consumer demands, and regulatory pressures. This
sector plays a crucial role in modern automotive manufacturing, supporting the integration of electrical systems essential for
vehicle functionality. This paper provides a comprehensive SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats)
analysis of the automobile connectors and cables industry, examining key market players, emerging trends, and challenges.
Strengths include the industry's ability to innovate with high-performance, lightweight, and durable components, which are
essential for electric vehicles (EVs) and autonomous driving systems. Weaknesses are identied in terms of high manufacturing
costs, supply chain vulnerabilities, and dependency on raw materials. Opportunities lie in the growing demand for EVs, the
increasing complexity of automotive electrical systems, and advancements in connectivity and automation. However, threats
such as uctuating raw material prices, stringent environmental regulations, and intense competition from alternative
technologies present challenges to market players. The analysis highlights strategic initiatives for companies to maintain
competitiveness, such as investment in R&D, strategic partnerships, and market diversication. This paper offers valuable
insights for stakeholders seeking to navigate the rapidly evolving automobile connectors and cables sector.
VAGINAL DELIVERY VERSUS CAESAREAN SECTION: SHORT-TERM MORBIDITIES
Authors: Aswani Hiren , Shekhawat Gulab Singh
Published: January 2025

Objective: To compare short-term complications after vaginal delivery Caesarean section. Methods:
The total sample size was 4205 patients of which 2653(63.1%) women were delivered via vaginal delivery
including instrumental deliveries and 1552(36.9%) women were delivered via Caesarian section. Data were collected
retrospectively from patient records with Medical Record Section. Follow-up records of the day of delivery, post-delivery day1, 3,
and on the day of discharge recorded. Data were compared and analyzed according to the intended mode of delivery. Results:
There were no sociodemographic differences between the groups. Signicant higher incidences in mean estimated blood loss,
blood transfusion, rate of infection, ICU admission, near-miss mortality, and mortality were found. Complications in the
Caesarean section group were lower than previously reported. The Caesarean section group had a longer hospital stay than
women who delivered vaginally. The NICU admission and neonatal complications were also high among cesarean babies.
Conclusion: Caesarean sections can cause both short-term and long-term complications. The risk of morbidity and mortality
was high in women undergoing cesarean section. CS does not improve maternal, neonatal, and perinatal mortality and
morbidity. Therefore, Cesarean section should only be undertaken when obstetrically and medically justied.
"FROM BOOST TO BREAKDOWN "PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT AND THE DARK SIDE OF MEPHENTERMINE ADDICTION” A CASE SERIES
Authors: Gupta Richa , Singh Ajay , Mittal Anjesh , Chaturvedi Sobe
Published: January 2025

Mephentermine, a stimulant used to maintain blood pressure in hypotensive states, is also a drug
misused for performance enhancement due to its central nervous system effects1. Here are four cases
highlighting its misuse: in which a patient presented with insomnia and irritability experienced palpitation, headaches,
hypertension, and depressive symptoms after using mephentermine for a year to boost work performance. Whenever he tried to
discontinue or reduce the dose, he developed withdrawal symptoms like fatigue, weakness, agitation, irritability,
aggressiveness, etc. In all cases, the misuse aimed at performance enhancement led to signicant physical or psychiatric
problems (mental health issues). This study helps to underscore the need for awareness about mephentermine's harmful and
addictive effects and the importance of regulating its availability.
SANSKRIT TEACHING METHODS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF ASSAM: A STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NALBARI DISTRICT
Authors: Das Alaka
Published: January 2025

Sanskrit holds a crucial place in Indian culture and education due to its rich history and signicant
inuence on various aspects of life. To preserve and promote Sanskrit, it is essential to modernize
teaching methods and integrate the language with other disciplines. While having noble educational goals, well-designed
curricula, and robust infrastructure is important, the effectiveness of Sanskrit education ultimately depends on the teachers and
their teaching methods. Sanskrit teaching is often criticized for being content-heavy and overly focused on the grammartranslation method, which leads to a decline in student interest at the school level. This study aims to explore the teaching
methods and audio-visual aids used by Sanskrit teachers in secondary schools in Assam, specically in the Nalbari district. The
sample for the study consists of 100 school heads and 100 Sanskrit teachers. The ndings could help develop a roadmap for
more effective Sanskrit teaching.
MANAGEMENT OF INTRAOPERATIVE ARRHYTHMIA IN A PREVIOUSLY ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENT SCHEDULED FOR OPEN REDUCTION AND INTERNAL FIXATION WITH PLATING OF LEFT RADIUS – A CASE REPORT
Authors: Sanjna R. , Puligadda Anand Chakradhar
Published: January 2025

Patient was posted for elective open reduction and internal xation with plating of left radius. Regional
anaesthesia was the anaesthesia of choice. Patient presented a challenge of premature ventricular
contractions (PVCs) minutes after administration of regional anaesthesia (supraclavicular block of brachial plexus). In this study
we have discussed the anaesthetic management of arrhythmias in a previously asymptomatic patient posted for elective
orthopaedic surgery under regional anaesthesia.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MRI FISTULOGRAM WITH INTRAOPERATIVE FINDINGS IN FISTULA IN ANO
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Salim Mohammed , Khadda Sandeep , Gurjar Rakesh , Parveen Sahista
Published: January 2025

Background: MRI is an important imaging modality which gives description of the stula within the anal
canal in relation to the sphincter complex, other pelvic oor structures and presence of an abscess.
Because of high soft tissue contrast, MRI was chosen as the imaging of choice for preoperative diagnosis and classication of
perianal stulas. The study's main aim was to evaluate the role of MR FISTULOGRAM in preoperative assessment of anorectal
stulas and to correlate MR ndings with intra operative ndings. Methods: This study was a hospital based prospective and
descriptive study conducted from June, 2023 to July, 2024 at Department of Surgery, S.P. Medical College and P.B.M. hospital,
Bikaner. 60 patients who underwent surgery and had preoperative MRI were included in this study. Results: The sensitivity and
specicity of MRI for St James grade I and II stulas were 100%, 91% and 73%, 100% respectively. For grade III, IV and V the
sensitivity and specicity were 100%. The most prevalent type of stula was intersphincteric type in 32 patients. Commonest
age group was 31 to 40 years and commonly seen in males. The operative ndings were well correlating with the MRI ndings
with regard to the site of the openings. Identication of secondary tracts is essential for complete eradication of the disease.
Conclusion: MRI is key to demonstrate the relationship of sphincters with the stulous tracks and for determination of
secondary complications. MRI offer ner anatomic details of stulae and also identies secondary tracks and abscesses. Our
study has concluded that MRI with contrast study is crucial for management, identify active inammation of tracks and
differentiate between scar and granulation tissue. Correct recognition of perianal stulae and proper grading are necessary
for ensuring best surgical result.
THE IMPACT OF LUMBAR EPIDURAL STEROID INJECTION ON NEUROPATHIC PAIN: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.
Authors: Gangadharaswamy Nabhay , S Gurucharan , Gbs Varun , Reddy J Nishanth , Vyasa Karthik , H N Mahadeva , T Darshan
Published: January 2025

Objective: To study whether neuropathic or nociceptive pain was better improved after an epidural
steroid injection. Study Design: Prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of
Orthopaedics, VYDEHI INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH CENTRE, BANGALORE, from Jan 2023 to Mar
2024. Background: Low back pain (LBP) can result from conditions such as disc herniation, spinal stenosis, or facet syndrome.
It may manifest as either nociceptive pain or neuropathic pain (NP), with neuropathic pain being a signicant factor in chronic
LBP. While lumbar epidural steroid injections (ESI) are recognized as an effective treatment for LBP, their effects on nociceptive
and neuropathic pain have not been separately evaluated. This study aimed to determine whether ESI provides greater
improvement in neuropathic or nociceptive pain. Methods: This prospective study classied patients based on their preprocedure painDETECT questionnaire (PD-Q) scores. A PD-Q score of ≤12 indicated nociceptive pain, while a score of ≥19
indicated neuropathic pain (NP). Patients received either a transforaminal (TF) or interlaminar (IL) epidural steroid injection
(ESI). The PD-Q was completed by each patient both before the ESI (baseline) and four weeks afterward. Outcomes were
evaluated one month after the ESI using the numerical rating scale (NRS), the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ),
and the revised Oswestry Back Disability Index (ODI). Results:A total of 114 patients participated in the study, with 54 classied
into the nociceptive pain group (PD-Q score ≤12) and 60 into the neuropathic pain group (PD-Q score ≥19). One month posttreatment, both groups demonstrated signicant reductions in their mean NRS scores. However, despite these improvements,
there were no signicant differences in MPQ or ODI scores between the nociceptive and neuropathic pain groups. Following the
procedure (TF-ESI or IL-ESI), PD-Q scores in the nociceptive group (n = 54) remained unchanged. In the neuropathic group (n =
41), 13 patients shifted to a PD-Q score <12, and 15 patients had PD-Q scores between 13 and 18. Conclusion: ESI proved
effective for short-term relief of both nociceptive and neuropathic pain, suggesting its potential to address the neuropathic pain
component in patients with low back pain.
STUDY OF SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE CONSIDERING PERSONAL TUITION AND PARENTAL CARE IN RELATION TO ACHIEVEMENT AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENGLISH AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY STUDENTS
Authors: Lampa Wangnen , Boli Geyin , Reena Tok Boa
Published: January 2025

The present study focuses on nding out how senior secondary students of Tirap district, Arunachal
Pradesh, India are performing in English and to nd out the signicant difference in the attitude and
achievement levels of these students concerning personal tuition and parental care variables. Data were collected from 350
(50%) senior secondary students in the district, consisting of 36 students who received personal tuition and 314 who were not
provided with any tuition. 187 students were receiving good parental care whereas, 163 were not. These students were
evaluated using an attitude scale, the Attitude towards English Language Scale (ATELS) developed by Clara Dominique
(2016), and a personal data sheet. The data were analyzed using statistical techniques like mean, standard deviation, and ttest. The result showed a high achievement level in English among the students. Considering the differential analysis, the senior
secondary students of the Tirap district signicantly differ in their attitude towards English concerning personal tuition as a
variable. The students who receive personal tuition had better attitudes towards English. However, no signicant difference was
observed in the attitude of senior secondary students concerning parental care. Also, no signicant difference was found in the
achievement concerning both, parental care and personal tuition as variables.
ROLE OF SHEAR WAVE ELASTOGRAPHY OF PLACENTA IN NORMAL AND PREECLAMPTIC PREGNANCIES IN THIRD TRIMESTER
Authors: Sawkar Shantala , A D Adarsh , Sakalecha Anil Kumar
Published: January 2025

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-related condition characterized by new-onset hypertension (with
systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg on two occasions at least 4
hours apart, or more severe cases with higher values) along with proteinuria (elevated protein levels in urine). This condition
resolves within the rst 6 weeks after childbirth. This abnormal placental attachment and ineffective invasion of trophoblast cells
into the muscular spiral arteries leads to hypoxia and placental ischemia. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is an innovative
ultrasound technique designed to assess the elasticity of soft tissues. In the placenta, increased stiffness is a consequence of
ischemia-related processes including inammation, necrosis, infarction and brosis. The present study is planned to assess the
utility of SWE in evaluation of placental function and can be used as a supplement to existing methods for prediction of PE.
KISSING SPINE DISEASE: A MISSING DIAGNOSIS IN LOW BACK PAIN CLINIC
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Prakash Dash Swayam
Published: January 2025

Baastrup's disease, also known as "kissing spine disease" or lumbar interspinous bursitis, is a
degenerative condition causing enlargement, attening, and reactive sclerosis of interspinous surfaces.
It is primarily affecting the elderly, professional drivers, and college athletes. It worsens with spinal extension and is alleviated
in exion. The condition is often misdiagnosed due to lack of familiarity and overexposure to spinous processes on
radiographs. It is characterized by excessive lordosis, repetitive stress on interspinous ligaments, and abnormal contact
between spinous processes, often affecting the lumbar spine. Conservative treatments, particularly physical therapy and
exion exercises, have shown promise in managing this condition. A study by Maes et al. found no signicant correlation
between Baastrup's disease and lordosis, likely due to the use of supine MRI, which can display less lordosis than upright
imaging. Another study noted pain relief in patients with partial contact of spinous processes following interspinous ligament
injections, showing mixed imaging results but overall positive treatment outcomes. Additionally, PET/CT imaging has
demonstrated F-18 uorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in adjacent spinous processes in cases of Baastrup's disease, further
validating the condition's diagnosis. In a study involving 55 patients with Baastrup's disease, percutaneous injections of a
corticosteroid and local anesthetic into the interspinous ligament resulted in a 22% rate of patients requiring follow-up
injections within 7-10 days. There was notable pain reduction and improved ambulation reported. Surgical interventions,
including bursa excision and spinous process removal, have limited evidence of effectiveness, with some surgeries failing to
alleviate pain. Patients who had positive outcomes after spinous process resection often received prior diagnostic or
therapeutic injections. Additionally, there are rare instances where Baastrup's disease leads to cyst formation in the
interspinous region, which can result in neurogenic claudication, effectively resolved through the excision of the cyst and
associated spinous processes.
EXTERNAL BEAUTIFICATION AT THE COST OF INTERNAL SYSTEM DAMAGE: HOW MUCH IS THE USE OF HAIR DYE JUSTIFIABLE?
Authors: Chutani Divya , Gupta Poonam , Chaurasia Ajeet Kumar
Published: January 2025

Over half the population, dye their hair at least once in their lifetime. With the ever rising popularity of hair
dye industry, especially in younger population, it becomes imperative to evaluate the adverse effects that
these hair dyes cause, both in the short term and over the long term. Hence it is the need of hour to discuss the types of hair dyes
available in the market and the ingredients which bring about these harmful effects. Method- Articles and case reports
spanning over the last two decades were taken, reviewed and compiled in a systematic manner. Discussion- Maternal hair dye
during different stages of pregnancy and nursing has also been associated with increased risk of childhood tumors in the
offspring ranging from leukemia to neuroblastoma. Organ predilection: Renal, Gonads and Liver. Mechanism behind is still
lacking in medical literature Conclusion- Harmful effects of hair dye can be life threatening and the gain of external beauty
should not be attained at the cost of deterioration in multiple internal organs.The application of hair dye is actually propagating
the basic culprit (reactive oxygen species) behind the premature greying of hair.Educating and making people aware about the
opposite aspect of hair dye is the need of this era.
FOOT SYNDACTYLY MANAGEMENT USING DORSAL RECTANGULAR FLAP-A CASE SERIES
Authors: S Jhansi. , Gadi Chaitanya , Dussa Tejaswi , SM Venugopal , KG Varaprasad , Subha T. V
Published: January 2025

Syndactyly is a common congenital condition involving the hands and foot. Surgery to reconstruct the
toes may be indicated for cosmetic, psychological and functional reasons. A dorsal rectangular ap and
a plantar reverse U shaped ap with defatting and primary closure /full thickness graft technique was done in Twelve feet of 8
patients with foot syndactyly between January 2021 to October 2024. There were 2 boys and 6 girls . Four cases were bilateral.
Age at operation ranged from 6 years to 14 years. The mean follow-up period was 2.5 years. In the 12 cases operated, 3 had
complete syndactyly and the remaining 9 had incomplete syndactyly.10 cases had primary closure, in 2 cases full thickness
graft was applied. Two toes had mild torsional deformity, which is present preoperatively, and two toes had mild deformities of
the nail. Creeping of the web of about 3–4mm is noticed which ceased after one year postoperatively. At nal follow-up, all
patients had acceptable web depth and pulp contour. Web reconstruction using dorsal rectangular ap ,plantar ap with
straight midlateral incisions and defatting with primary closure/full thickness graft is safe, with good cosmetic and functional
outcome in our follow-up.
TOURNIQUET APPLICATION TIME DURING PHLEBOTOMY AFFECTS BIOCHEMICAL TESTING
Authors: Gupta Monika , Gupta Shallu
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Venous blood sampling is usually performed using a tourniquet to help locate and dene
peripheral veins to achieve successful and safe venepuncture. In developing countries like India, there is
lack of understanding about good laboratory practices and inadequate training to phlebotomists, compelling them to make
errors during phlebotomy. The improper venous accesses or prolonged venous stasis created by tourniquet application will
result in collection of unsuitable blood sample. Methods: The present study was conducted at one of the tertiary care hospital at
State Capital to nd out the effect of tourniquet application time on 17 common biochemical analytes in 20 fasting healthy adult
volunteers. Sequential venepunctures were performed by a single expert phlebotomist either without venous stasis or following
the application of standardized external pressure of 60 mm Hg using a sphygmomanometer for 1, 3 and 6 minutes. Biochemical
parameters were analyzed on Fully Automated Analyzer Olympus AU 680 by using standard protocol of commercially
available kits. Results: ALT concentration was signicantly high in samples collected after application of external pressure for
3min (P<0.05) and 6min (P<0.01); Alkaline phosphatase, LDH, Creatine kinase, Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, Total Protein,
Albumin and Calcium concentrations were signicantly high in samples collected after application of external pressure for
6min (P<0.05) as compared to samples collected without venous stasis. There were no signicant alterations in rest
biochemical analytes concentrations (Glucose, Urea, Creatinine, AST, Uric Acid, Phosphorus, Sodium, and Potassium) even
after 6 min venous stasis. Conclusion: Venous stasis from tourniquet placement during venepuncture should be minimized, as
it accounts for spurious and signicant variations for several biochemical analytes.
PEYRONIE'S DISEASE: A COMPREHENSIVE NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Kamis Ali Fares
Published: January 2025

Peyronie's disease (PD) is an acquired brotic disorder of the tunica albuginea characterized by penile
deformity, pain, and potential sexual dysfunction. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on
the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of PD. Affecting approximately 5% of
men, PD progresses through active and chronic phases, with signicant physical and psychological impacts. Diagnosis relies
on clinical evaluation and imaging, particularly ultrasound, to assess plaque characteristics. Non-surgical treatments, such as
intralesional collagenase and penile traction therapy, are effective during the active phase, while surgical options, including
plication, plaque incision with grafting, and penile prosthesis implantation, are reserved for stable disease with severe
deformities. Despite advances, challenges persist in managing residual symptoms and psychological burden. A
multidisciplinary approach remains critical for optimizing outcomes and improving quality of life.
A STUDY OF USING E-RESOURCES IN PROMOTING LIFELONG LEARNING
Authors: Yadav Geeta , Kumar Suneel
Published: January 2025

Background: Computers, tablets, smartphones, and e-readers etc with or without internet (e-resources)
are being used in the day-to-day life of everyone which provides information and knowledge quickly and
efciently. Today's society is known as a knowledge society.In this scenario,one must continue learning throughout life, as
traditional methods of education may not be feasible indenitely. Therefore, it is benecial to seek alternative sources for
ongoing and continuous learning, helping to create a learning society. Objectives: Thekey intention of this research paper is to
identify the importance of using e-resources for fostering ongoing learning and building up a knowledge-based society.
Method: A descriptive, survey-based method is adopted for a sample of 120 adults from urban areas by applyingthe
techniqueof stratied random sampling with the help of self-made inventory. Conclusion: The digitally skilled and formally
educated adults are using e-resources more than that of less digitally skilled and less formally educated adults while less
formally educated adults were found more dependent on (in need of) using e-resources than the formally educated adults in
fostering lifelong learning.
OCT BIOMARKER AND THEIR APPLICATION IN EVALUATING ANTIVEGF RESPONSE IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC MACULOPATHY
Authors: Varsha Varsha , Singh Yadav Ram Yash , Priyanka Priyanka , Raj Yadav Ram
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Diabetic maculopathy is a result of diabetic retinopathy and it involves impairment of the
macula, which is the “center region of the retina that responsible for central vision”. Aim and Objective:
To access the OCT biomarker and their application in evaluating anti VEGF response in Type 2 Diabetic maculopathy. Material
and Method: Prospective observational study, carried out on 100 patients in department of ophthalmology in BRD medical
collage in a duration of 12 months ( may 2023-april 2024). Results: p-value of CMT, SRF and HRF are less then 0.001 (signicant)
whereas it is more then 0.05 in DRIL, IRCS and EZD (not signicant). Conclusion: OCT markers in evaluating “the response to
anti-VEGF therapy in Type 2 Diabetic Maculopathy”. The identied OCT biomarkers, such as Central Macular Thickness (CMT),
Subretinal Fluid (SRF) and Hyperreective Foci (HRF) effectively predicted anatomical changes in patients treated with
intravitreal ranibizumab. The research found a signicant association between OCT morphological changes and functional
improvement (visual acuity), conrming that OCT markers are valuable in assessing treatment outcomes.
EFFICACY OF ERECTOR SPINAE BLOCK FOR POST-OPERATIVE PAIN MANAGEMENT IN TRANSFORAMINAL LUMBAR INTERBODY FUSION: A CASE CONTROL STUDY
Authors: Eamani Naresh Kumar , K Deepak , Vishal Katukota , Arivazhagan Sabarishwaran
Published: January 2025

Background:Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is a common surgical procedure for lumbar spinal stenosis
and spondylolisthesis. Post-operative pain management remains a significant challenge. The efficacy of regional
anesthesia techniques in reducing postoperative pain following surgical procedures has been minimally explored in
lumbar interbody fusions. This case-control study investigated the efficacy of erector spinae plane block in reducing
post-operative pain after TLIF.We compared patients who received an ESP block (case group) with those who did not
(control group) regarding pain Scores,analgesic requirements,ambulation time,and length of hospital stay.Method: A
total of 120 patients scheduled for TLIF surgery at BIRRD(T) hospital ,Tirupathi were included in this case-control study.
Patients were divided into two groups:those receiving the erector spinae block (ESB group, n=60) and those receiving
standard analgesia (control group,n=60).Pain levels were assessed at multiple postoperative intervals (immediate,4,8,
12, 24, and 48 hours) using a numerical rating scale (NRS). Analgesic requirements, ambulation times, and length of
hospital stays were also recorded.Results:The ESB group experienced significantly lower pain scores at all time points
compared to the control group. Notably, patients who received ESB required less rescue analgesia during the first 24
hours postoperatively.Ambulation was initiated earlier in the ESB group (mean 20 hours) compared to the control group
(mean 24 hours).The average length of hospital stay was shorter in the ESB group (4 days vs.6 days).Conclusions: The
use of erector spinae blocks in patients undergoing TLIF significantly enhances postoperative pain control, reduces
analgesic consumption, and accelerates recovery. These findings support the incorporation of ESB as a standard
adjunctive technique in lumbar spine surgery.
DEMONSTRATION OF BIOFILM FORMATION BY GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA AND STUDY THEIR AST PATTERN AT MGMMC, JAMSHEDPUR, JHARKHAND.
Authors: Pawar Kalyani , Baxla Vineeta , Biswas Sumangala , Biswas Binita
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Gram- negative bacteria are attributable to matrix- enclosed aggregates known as biofilms. The
development of biofilms is currently recognised as one of the most relevant drivers of persistent infections and
constitutes as a major challenge for clinical microbiologist and clinicians. Bacteria living in a biofilm can exhibit a 10 to
1,000-fold increase in antibiotic resistance compared to similar bacteria living in a planktonic state. Aims & Objective:
The purpose of this study is to detect the biofilm formation by gram-negative bacilli and determine their antimicrobial
susceptibility pattern. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2024 to November 2024 on Methods: 246
bacterial isolates from various clinical samples to demonstrate biofilm formation by Tube Method and an antibiogram
was drawn. Escherichia coli (34.15%) was the predominant gram-negative bacteria encountered, followe Result: d by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28.05%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.36%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (10.16%). AST
revealed higher resistance to Ampicillin, Trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole, Amoxicillin clavulanic acid, Gentamicin and
Cefepime. Biofilms are rapidly becoming a major contributor to Hospital Acquired Infections (HAI)Th Conclusion: e
knowledge of biofilm formation and antibiogram of bacterial isolates contributing to its formation is of utmost
importance for rendering reliable empirical antibiotic therapy to the patients.
FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDIA
Authors: Smitha B Madhuri
Published: January 2025

It is widely considered that foreign capital plays a significant role in contributing to economic growth.It stimulates and
enhances growth in emerging economies. In developing countries, capital formation directly results in increase in
investment and thereby economic growth.When there is capital deficiency in developing economies, foreign capital
helps to solve the problem of capital deficiency which in turn boosts economic growth.This paper attempts to find out
whether foreign investment is a causative factor that determines economic growth in India. Granger causality test has
been used to ascertain the casual relationship between Foreign Direct Investment, net inflows (% of GDP) and GDP
growth rate for the years 1993 - 2019.It was found that foreign investment inflows do not cause GDP growth in the study
period.
KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS OF HPV VACCINE AMONG NURSING STAFF IN A TEACHING INSTITUTE
Authors: Supraja N. B. , Srilakshmi A.
Published: January 2025

Background:Carcinoma cervix is the second leading cause of death of all cancers affecting women.Cervical cancer is
a vaccine preventable cancer(1) Timely screening and vaccination is an effective strategy to combat preventable
cervical cancer(1) This study is to assess Knowledge And Awareness Of Carcinoma Cervix Among Nursing Staff In A
Teaching Institute and Create awareness regarding Primary prevention of carcinoma cervix by HPV vaccine
A STUDY OF DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE AND CLINICAL OUTCOME OF SNAKE BITE IN CHILDREN IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, IN SOUTH INDIA
Authors: B Mallasure Soumya , Devadas Sahana
Published: January 2025

Introduction:Snakebite is one of the neglected tropical diseases that the World Health Organization aimed to eradicate
[1]. However, it has been excluded from WHO report of 2010 and 2013 on neglected tropical diseases. Currently,
snakebite has been included along with other neglected non-tropical diseases such as strongyloidosis, scabies,
mycetoma,etc [2,3].Unlike the other public health problems,which have received a lot of attention from both the policy
makers and health care providers, snake bite has been grossly neglected by many. Hence, the current study was
conducted with the objective of assessing the clinical and epidemiological profile of snake bite victims admitted to a
tertiary care hospital Objective: To assess the clinical outcome and demographic profile of snake bite in children.
Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of 30 patients admitted to Vanivilas Children's
Hospital,attached to Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute,Bengaluru,with a history of snake bites during
the study period between January 2023 & August 2023. Clinical data of these children were analysed for demographic
details, type and site of the bite, kind of snake, clinical presentations, requirements for ASV, complications, duration of
hospital stay and outcomes were analysed. Results: Males had higher incidence of snake bites (n=17, 56.7%). Higher
incidence was noted in the age group of above 10 years old children with 19 patients (63.3%). Lower extremity was the
most common site of bite with 25 patients (83.3%).Most common clinical features at presentation were local edema and
pain found in 12 patients (40%). Cellulitis (n=10, 30%) was found to be the most common complication. 26 patients
(86.7%) were discharged with no residual complications and one death was noted in the patient with uncontrolled,frank
systemic bleeding at presentation.Conclusions:Snake bite still remains a major public health problem in this part of the
world.Awareness has to be raised regarding the presentation of snake bites through community health programmes.
EFFECTIVENESS OF CARDIAC TELEREHABILITATION OVER CENTERBASED CARDIAC REHABILITATION ON VO2PEAK - A METANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIALS.
Authors: Mehta Kanchi Dwaipal , Prajapati Hardini
Published: January 2025

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the primary cause of a
significant portion of global mortality, responsible for roughly
one-third of all deaths [1]. The worldwide impact of CVDs is
increasing, with cases rising from 271 million in 1990 to 523
million in 2019, and the overall number of CVD instances has
nearly doubled, particularly coronary artery disease (CAD) .
CAD pr imar ily results from the advancement of
atherosclerosis in coronary arteries, leading to narrowing or
blockage, which restricts blood flow and causes
cardiomyocyte or myocardial death . The main contributing
factors are population growth and aging, presenting
[7] substantial challenges in CVD prevention and management.
FETAL WEIGHT ESTIMATION BY JOHNSON'S FORMULAE, ANTENATAL USG AND ACTUAL BIRTH WEIGHT -A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Bhavani B. , Srilakshmi A.
Published: January 2025

Estimating weight of the fetus is important for the
obstetrician to assess the growth and optimise fetal
outcome .(1)
Ÿ Contrary to the widely held belief, several studies have
shown that USG estimated fetal weight are almost similar
to clinical palpation in predicting fetal weight .(1)
HYPERCALCEMIA, A MARKER OF SINISTER DIAGNOSES
Authors: Mishra Nibedita , Kumari Sarita , Mehta Neelam
Published: January 2025

Background/Aims:Hypercalcaemia is a common disorder normally caused by primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT)
or malignancy.A proportion of cases present as an emergency,which carries a significant mortality.When calcium levels
rise above 12 mg/dL,patients typically present with clinical signs and symptoms.Hence,we conducted a retrospective
observational study to determine the etiological profile of hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients admitted at our
tertiary care hospital and study factors associated with the outcome. Materials And Methods: We conducted a
retrospective observational study wherein all the patients (aged >18 years) admitted to the medical wards of a tertiary
care hospital between 1st March 23 to 15th July 2024 were included. Results: The incidence of hypercalcemia in our
study was found to be 1.03% (121 cases out of total medical ward admission of 11,747 during the same period).
Malignancy was the most common diagnosis (27%), closely followed by chronic renal parenchymal disease along with
sepsis (26%), chronic bedridden state with multiple comorbidities also formed a significant proportion (19%).
Conclusion: Hypercalcemia in hospitalised patients can lead to diagnosis of conditions like hidden malignancy or
other unsuspected diseases. Factors like advanced age, low serum albumin and raised creatinine were found to be
significantly associated with mortality in our series of hypercalcemia patients.
Risk Factors and Outcomes of Retinopathy of Prematurity among Preterm Neonates in a Tertiary Care NICU
Authors: Debnath Dr. Reena , Khanam Dr. Wahida , Das Dr. Sanjoy Kumar , Shanta Dr. Nayeema Ferdous , Hossain Dr. Saima , Hossain Dr. Md. Mozzamal , Hossain Dr. Md. Mosharaf , Ahmed Dr. Ifthakhar , Kumar Dr. Prodip
Published: January 2025

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a significant cause of visual impairment in premature infants worldwide. In Bangladesh, increasing survival rates of preterm infants highlight the urgency of ROP screening and treatment. Early detection and intervention are crucial to prevent blindness and improve outcomes for affected children in both contexts. We aimed to identify the prenatal risk factors for ROP admission to the Institute of Child and Mother Health's NICU. Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a multifactorial condition affecting premature infants, with significant associations with gestational age, birth weight, and maternal, and perinatal risk factors. This study analyzed the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of ROP among neonates. Infants with ROP had significantly lower gestational age (32.89 ± 2.24 weeks vs. 34.37 ± 1.68 weeks, p = 0.001) and birth weight (1291.27 ± 419.41 g vs. 1744.63 ± 429.89 g, p < 0.001) compared to those without ROP. Maternal risk factors such as antepartum hemorrhage (APH, p = 0.03) and prolonged rupture of membranes (p = 0.007) were significantly associated with ROP, with odds ratios of 5.561 (95% CI: 1.276-24.228) and 4.518 (95% CI: 1.654-12.340), respectively. Among perinatal factors, apnea emerged as the most significant risk factor (OR: 4.348, 95% CI: 1.077-17.552), while sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and blood transfusions were also more prevalent in infants with ROP (p < 0.05). Outcomes for infants with ROP included spontaneous regression in 31/55 cases, while 23/55 required intervention. Post-treatment complications were reported in 15 cases (65.21%), with refractive errors (52.17%) and squint (13.04%) being the most common. These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring maternal and perinatal risk factors, particularly APH and apnea, to identify at-risk infants. Early intervention and follow-up are crucial to managing ROP and its complications and improving outcomes for affected neonates.
Laryngeal Tuberculosis in an Immunocompetent Subject: A Case Report
Authors: Costa Alexandre H. Da , Beogo M. , Mendes P. , Salua O. , Nordine E. , Fouad B.
Published: January 2025

Laryngeal tuberculosis is one of the rare forms of tuberculosis and may lead to misdiagnosis because the clinical picture is similar to that of cancers of the aerodigestive tract, sometimes leading to erroneous indications for surgery. We report the case of a 56-year-old immunocompetent patient with laryngeal and pulmonary tuberculosis treated in the ENT department of the Mohamed V military hospital in Rabat. Laryngeal tuberculosis is one of the extra-pulmonary forms of tuberculosis, accounting for approximately 1% of tuberculosis cases. Like tumours of the aerodigestive tract, laryngeal tuberculosis initially manifests itself as upper cervical discomfort, progressing to intermittent dysphonia before becoming permanent. Laryngoscopy is an essential part of the diagnosis. Computed tomography helps to make the diagnosis and most often reveals a bulging lesion located in the glottis or subglottic with more or less satellite cervical adenopathy. Smoking is thought to be a factor in laryngeal tuberculosis. Laryngeal tuberculosis is diagnosed with certainty by anatomopathological and cytobacteriological examination, which both rule out a tumour process and confirm positive BK contamination. Treatment is mainly medical, with standard tuberculosis treatment lasting 6 months.
Unveiling the Impacts of Soil Salinity: Challenges, Mechanisms, and Sustainable Solutions
Authors: Faisal Muhammad , Raza Ali , Batool Amira , Zeshan Muhammad , Ismail Muhammad , Farman Muhammad , Anwar Iqra , Mobeen Asifa , Dilshad Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Global agriculture is severely hampered by soil salinity, jeopardizing environmental sustainability and food security. An excessive buildup of soluble salts in the soil hinders plant development and production by interfering with water intake, changing nutrient availability, and causing ion toxicity. This phenomenon is especially common in arid and semi-arid areas, where poor drainage and inappropriate irrigation techniques worsen salt problems. To deal with osmotic stress, ion imbalance, and oxidative damage, plants exposed to saline environments trigger intricate physiological and biochemical processes at the cellular level. These reactions include the production of proline and other osmoprotectants, the overexpression of antioxidant enzymes to lessen oxidative stress, and activating ion transporters to preserve ionic equilibrium. Despite these adaptive responses, long-term salt frequently overwhelms plant defenses, resulting in restricted development and yield reductions. A multifaceted strategy incorporating cutting-edge technologies and sustainable farming methods is needed to address soil salinity. Techniques including using halophyte-based farming systems, adopting soil supplements, increasing irrigation efficiency, and using salt-tolerant crop types have demonstrated promise in reducing the consequences of salinity. Additionally, using salt-tolerant microorganisms for bioremediation and sophisticated remote sensing methods for salinity monitoring might improve the accuracy of saline landscape management. A thorough grasp of salinity dynamics and using scalable, sustainable remedies will be essential to preserving ecological health and agricultural output as climate change worsens.
Biografia uczonego
Authors: Marcinkowski Roman
Published: January 2025

Celem publikacji jest przedstawienie sylwetki ks. prof. Luigiego Chiariniego (1789-1832), włoskiego duchownego, hebraisty i judaisty, który zapoczątkował przekład Talmudu na język francuski i miał zamiar przeprowadzić reformę judaizmu.
Artykuł składa się z dwóch głównych części. W pierwszej z nich nakreślono rys biograficzny uwzględniający lata młodości ze szczególnym zwróceniem uwagi na edukację w Toskanii, pozyskanie pracy w Uniwersytecie Warszawskim, skuteczne starania o profesurę, działalność ekspercką w Towarzystwie Warszawskim Przyjaciół Nauk oraz osiągnięcia naukowe. Część druga ukazuje zaangażowanie Ks. Chiariniego w prace związane z planowaną przez niego reformą judaizmu, wydanie w tym celu dwutomowego dzieła Théorie du Judaïsme oraz rozpoczęcie prac nad przekładem na język francuski Talmudu, który uważał za źródło zła i zepsucia w judaizmie. Artykuł przedstawia również reakcję środowisk żydowskich i ostrą krytykę poczynań Ks. Chiariniego.
Przełomy w rozwoju zawodowym nauczyciela w II RP i w okresie PRL w świetle biografii Henryka Nalewajka (1906-1979)
Authors: Radziszewska Maria
Published: January 2025

Artykuł opisuje przebieg życia Henryka Nalewajka (1906-1979), który był nauczycielem w szkołach powszechnych na Mazowszu, w szkołach zawodowych w Kieleckiem, organizatorem oświaty na Warmii i Mazurach. Jego życie nie było pozbawione przełomowych zdarzeń, które zmieniały jego myślenie i postępowanie, determinowały jego rozwój zawodowy. W pracy zaprezentowano etapy rozwoju zawodowego nauczyciela w kontekście różnych uwarunkowań, w tym polityczno-oświatowych w II RP i w PRL. Wyszczególniono etap wyboru drogi zawodowej, etap przygotowania zawodowego, czyli wzrastania w rolę zawodową, okres rozpoczynania kariery zawodowej oraz etap dochodzenia do autonomii i profesjonalizmu w zawodzie nauczyciela.
EMOTIONAL ADJUSTMENT AMONG ADOLESCENT STUDENTS IN MINORITY WELFARE RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS IN TELANGANA WITH RESPECT TO THEIR GENDER
Authors: R. Swapna
Published: January 2025

Emotional Adjustment is the condition or process of personal acceptance of and adaptation to one's circumstances, which may require modification of attitudes and the expression of emotions that are appropriate to a given situation. The present study was conducted on 200 Minority Welfare students from Ranga Reddy and Medchal districts of Telangana State. The result reveals that there was a significant difference in Emotional Adjustment among Minority Welfare students with respect to gender.
KEY WORDS: Emotional Adjustment, Minority Welfare Schools.
Identidad rendida: la Revolución mexicana y la migración a Estados Unidos en Peregrinos de Aztlán
Authors: Fragoso Roxana
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la novela Peregrinos de Aztlán (1974) de Miguel Méndez desde una mirada interdisciplinaria entre la historia y la teoría literaria. Se desarrollará un estudio de su primera novela con especial atención al tema la guerra como un símbolo no sólo bélico sino de conflicto de identidad que pone a la luz la alteridad de los seres fronterizos. La Revolución Mexicana desde la mirada de los yaquis y la Guerra de Vietnam desde la perspectiva chicana son referentes extratextuales constantes en Peregrinos. Después de casi cincuenta años de publicación, la primera novela de Miguel Méndez deja un hilo abierto para la conversación sobre múltiples tópicos que desatan en los personajes un espacio para hablar de su memoria, reuniendo así una colectividad de personajes sumergidos en la otredad y la alteridad. De tal manera, es importante conocer este relato fundacional de la frontera del noroeste mexicano a través de la empatía de los personajes menos favorecidos. Lo anterior se justifica porque el leitmotiv de la novela son los marginados, no solamente los chicanos, habitantes de una frontera en la cual se reconocen diferentes de sus paisanos, como consecuencia de los factores territoriales, culturales, étnicos o bien, una combinación de todos estos elementos; sino también los campesinos, las prostitutas y los mendigos.
Espacios urbanos desde la focalización infantil. Una mirada al cuento “A los pinches chamacos” de Francisco Hinojosa desde la econarratología
Authors: Muñoz González Aehécatl
Published: January 2025

Los estudios literarios latinoamericanos han experimentado un creciente interés en las relaciones entre la literatura y el medio ambiente; es decir, ecocrítica. La presente investigación, además de sumarse a dichos esfuerzos, examina el cuento “A los pinches chamacos” de Francisco Hinojosa desde la econarratología, narrativa experiencial y ecocrítica urbana. De manera particular, se aborda este relato desde el punto de vista de la narración; es decir, de la focalización, con el objetivo de mostrar cómo la literatura tiene una participación destacada en la manera en que pensamos el medio ambiente y cómo nos relacionamos con él. Ya que la focalización implica reconocer la perspectiva que se tiene sobre determinados eventos, en el relato de Hinojosa, como resultado el lector, al llevar su trasfondo vivencial al acto de lectura, participa de los problemas medioambientales y urbanos desde la focalización infantil, perspectiva poco revisada en la compresión de la crisis medioambiental y en los problemas que sobre ella giran.