bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating Lion Abundance using N-mixture Models for Social Species
Authors: Belant Jerrold L. , Bled Florent , Wilton Clay M. , Fyumagwa Robert , Mwampeta Stanslaus B. , Beyer Dean E.
Published: October 2016

Declining populations of large carnivores worldwide, and the complexities of managing human-carnivore conflicts, require accurate population estimates of large carnivores to promote their long-term persistence through well-informed management We used N-mixture models to estimate lion (Panthera leo) abundance from call-in and track surveys in southeastern Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Because of potential habituation to broadcasted calls and social behavior, we developed a hierarchical observation process within the N-mixture model conditioning lion detectability on their group response to call-ins and individual detection probabilities. We estimated 270 lions (95% credible interval = 170–551) using call-ins but were unable to estimate lion abundance from track data. We found a weak negative relationship between predicted track density and predicted lion abundance from the call-in surveys. Luminosity was negatively correlated with individual detection probability during call-in surveys. Lion abundance and track density were influenced by landcover, but direction of the corresponding effects were undetermined. N-mixture models allowed us to incorporate multiple parameters (e.g., landcover, luminosity, observer effect) influencing lion abundance and probability of detection directly into abundance estimates. We suggest that N-mixture models employing a hierarchical observation process can be used to estimate abundance of other social, herding, and grouping species.
Identification of lncRNA functions in lung cancer based on associated protein-protein interaction modules
Authors: Wu Chih-Hsun , Hsu Chia-Lang , Lu Pei-Chun , Lin Wen-Chang , Juan Hsueh-Fen , Huang Hsuan-Cheng
Published: October 2016

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to play important roles in various biological processes; however, many of their functions remain unclear. In this study, we present a novel approach to identify the lncRNA-associated protein-protein interaction (PPI) modules and ascertain their functions in human lung squamous cell carcinoma. We collected lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles of lung squamous cell carcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas. To identify the lncRNA-associated PPI modules, lncRNA-mRNA co-expression networks were first constructed based on the mutual ranks of expression correlations. Next, we examined whether the co-expressed mRNAs of a specific lncRNA were closely connected by PPIs. For this, a significantly connected mRNA set was considered to be the lncRNA-associated PPI module. Finally, the prospective functions of a lncRNA was inferred using Gene Ontology enrichment analysis on the associated module. We found that lncRNA-associated PPI modules were subtype-dependent and each subtype had unique molecular mechanisms. In addition, antisense lncRNAs and sense genes tended to be functionally associated. Our results might provide new directions for understanding lncRNA regulations in lung cancer. The analysis pipeline was implemented in a web tool, available at http://lncin.ym.edu.tw/.
Changes in microbial communities, photosynthesis and calcification of the coral Acropora gemmifera in response to ocean acidification
Authors: Zhou Guowei , Yuan Tao , Cai Lin , Zhang Weipeng , Tian Renmao , Tong Haoya , Jiang Lei , Yuan Xiangcheng , Liu Sheng , Qian Peiyuan , Huang Hui
Published: October 2016

With the increasing anthropogenic CO2 concentration, ocean acidification (OA) can have dramatic effects on coral reefs. However, the effects of OA on coral physiology and the associated microbes remain largely unknown. In the present study, reef-building coral Acropora gemmifera collected from a reef flat with highly fluctuating environmental condition in the South China Sea were exposed to three levels of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) (i.e., 421, 923, and 2070 μatm) for four weeks. The microbial community structures associated with A. gemmifera under these treatments were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene barcode sequencing. The results revealed that the microbial community associated with A. gemmifera was highly diverse at the genus level and dominated by Alphaproteobacteria. More importantly, the microbial community structure remained rather stable under different pCO2 treatments. Photosynthesis and calcification in A. gemmifera, as indicated by enrichment of δ18O and increased depletion of δ13C in the coral skeleton, were significantly impaired only at the high pCO2 (2070 μatm). These results suggest that A. gemmifera can maintain a high degree of stable microbial communities despite of significant physiological changes in response to extremely high pCO2.
Investigation into the Advantages of Pure Perovskite Film without PbI2 for High Performance Solar Cell
Authors: Kwon Uisik , Hasan Md Mehedi , Yin Wenping , Kim Dasom , Ha Na Young , Lee Soonil , Ahn Tae Kyu , Park Hui Joon
Published: October 2016

In CH3NH3PbI3-based high efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs), tiny amount of PbI2 impurity was often found with the perovskite crystal. However, for two-step solution process-based perovskite films, most of findings have been based on the films having different morphologies between with and without PbI2. This was mainly due to the inferior morphology of pure perovskite film without PbI2, inevitably produced when the remaining PbI2 forced to be converted to perovskite, so advantages of pure perovskite photoactive layer without PbI2 impurity have been overlooked. In this work, we designed a printing-based two-step process, which could not only generate pure perovskite crystal without PbI2, but also provide uniform and full surface coverage perovskite film, of which nanoscale morphology was comparable to that prepared by conventional two-step solution process having residual PbI2. Our results showed that, in two-step solution process-based PSC, pure perovskite had better photon absorption and longer carrier lifetime, leading to superior photocurrent generation with higher power conversion efficiency. Furthermore, this process was further applicable to prepare mixed phase pure perovskite crystal without PbI2 impurity, and we showed that the additional merits such as extended absorption to longer wavelength, increased carrier lifetime and reduced carrier recombination could be secured.
Ovariectomy upregulated the expression of Peroxiredoxin 1 & 5 in osteoblasts of mice
Authors: Du Juan , Feng Wei , Sun Jing , Kang Cuijie , Amizuka Norio , Li Minqi
Published: October 2016

Peroxiredoxin (PRX), a family of peroxidases, is associated with various biological processes such as the detoxification of oxidants and cell apoptosis. Besides, the anti-apoptosis effect of estrogen results partially from its anti-oxidant function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of PRXs in ovariectomy (OVX) mice and the related anti-oxidative mechanism of estrogen. Eight-week-old mice were subjected to ovariectomy. MC3T3-E1 cells were pretreatment with 17b-estradiol and N-acetyl cysteine followed by oxidative injury induced with H2O2. Western blot and real time-PCR were applied to clarify the expressions of PRX1 and caspase-3, with both wild-type and PRX1 knockout MC3T3-E1 cells generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The results showed PRX1 and PRX5 were upregulated in osteoblasts in the proximal tibial metaphysis of ovariectomy mice. Interestingly, PRX1 and PRX5 showed different distribution patterns, with PRX1 mainly accumulated in cell nuclei and PRX5 in the cytoplasm. Gene expression analysis showed significantly reduced expressions of PRX1 and caspase-3 in the pretreatment groups when compared with cells treated with H2O2alone. Also, a decrease of caspase-3 expressions was observed in PRX1 knockout MC3T3-E1 cells with or without H2O2in comparison to wild-type cells. These findings suggested that PRX may play important roles in estrogen-deficient osteoporosis. (200 words).
Development of a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction technique for the analysis of citrinin, alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether in fruit juices
Authors: Ruan Chunqiang , Diao Xue , Zhang He , Zhang Liyang , Liu Chenglan
Published: October 2016

A novel dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction technique for the detection of three mycotoxins in fruit juices.
Phenotype-based variation as a biomarker of sensitivity to molecularly targeted therapy in melanoma
Authors: Senses Kerem M. , Ghasemi Mehdi , Akbar Muhammad W. , Isbilen Murat , Fallacara Anna L. , Frankenburg Shoshana , Schenone Silvia , Lotem Michal , Botta Maurizio , Gure Ali O.
Published: October 2016

Transcriptomic phenotypes defined for melanoma correlate with sensitivity to MEK, SRC and HSP90 inhibitors.
Highly dispersible bis-imidazolium/WO42− modified magnetic nanoparticles: a heterogeneous phase transfer catalyst for green and selective oxidations
Authors: Zohreh Nasrin , Tavakolizadeh Maryam , Hosseini Seyed Hassan , Jahani Mahboobeh , Pourjavadi Ali , Bennett Craig
Published: October 2016

A novel magnetically recoverable catalyst was prepared in which magnetic nanoparticles were functionalized by bis-imidazolium tungstate ionic liquid molecules.
A one-pot approach using recyclable template to prepare dual-responsive yolk–shell or Janus-like nanoparticles
Authors: Long Shuai , Chen Chunyang , Luo Jun , Dong Haiyan , Wu Limin , Chen Daoyong
Published: October 2016

A one-pot approach using polymeric micelles as the recyclable template was used to prepare hybrid yolk–shell or Janus-like nanoparticles (NPs).
Effective optimization of emitters and surface passivation for nanostructured silicon solar cells
Authors: Li Ping , Wei Yi , Tan Xin , Li Xiaoxuan , Wang Yuxuan , Zhao Zengchao , Yuan Ze , Liu Aimin
Published: October 2016

High efficiency black silicon solar cells achieved by optimization of emitter and surface passivation.
Sandwich-type porous carbon/sulfur/polyaniline composite as cathode material for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Bu Yakun , Wu Jing , Zhao Xiaotao , Ding Kui , Liu Qin , Huang Yiyin , Lv Jiangquan , Wang Yaobing
Published: October 2016

Sandwich-type porous carbon/sulfur/polyaniline (SPC–S–PANI) composite with active sulfur nanoparticles confined within porous carbon is prepared.
Channel–transporter complexes: an emerging theme in cell signaling
Authors: Abbott Geoffrey W.
Published: October 2016

In a recent edition of Biochemical Journal, Mistry and colleagues described the discovery of a novel protein complex, formed from the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and the sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) [Biochem. J. (2016) Hoover, S.R]. The importance of these two proteins in the regulation of salt balance and blood pressure has long been known, as has their overlapping expression in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney. The new study by Mistry et al. now demonstrates their physical interaction in the kidney and when heterologously co-expressed. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate some degree of functional co-dependence between ENaC and NCC, with pharmacological inhibition of the latter diminishing activity of the former when the two are co-assembled. This novel and potentially important interaction adds to a growing number of recently identified channel–transporter (‘chansporter’) complexes, which together constitute an emerging theme in cell signaling.
Neisseria meningitidis factor H-binding protein bound to monoclonal antibody JAR5: implications for antibody synergy
Authors: Malito Enrico , Lo Surdo Paola , Veggi Daniele , Santini Laura , Stefek Heather , Brunelli Brunella , Luzzi Enrico , Bottomley Matthew J. , Beernink Peter T. , Scarselli Maria
Published: October 2016

Factor H-binding protein (fHbp) is an important antigen of Neisseria meningitidis that is capable of eliciting a robust protective immune response in humans. Previous studies on the interactions of fHbp with antibodies revealed that some anti-fHbp monoclonal antibodies that are unable to trigger complement-mediated bacterial killing in vitro are highly co-operative and become bactericidal if used in combination. Several factors have been shown to influence such co-operativity, including IgG subclass and antigen density. To investigate the structural basis of the anti-fHbp antibody synergy, we determined the crystal structure of the complex between fHbp and the Fab (fragment antigen-binding) fragment of JAR5, a specific anti-fHbp murine monoclonal antibody known to be highly co-operative with other monoclonal antibodies. We show that JAR5 is highly synergic with monoclonal antibody (mAb) 12C1, whose structure in complex with fHbp has been previously solved. Structural analyses of the epitopes recognized by JAR5 and 12C1, and computational modeling of full-length IgG mAbs of JAR5 and 12C1 bound to the same fHbp molecule, provide insights into the spatial orientation of Fc (fragment crystallizable) regions and into the possible implications for the susceptibility of meningococci to complement-mediated killing.
Using Cognitive Screening Tests in Audiology
Authors: Shen Jing , Anderson Melinda C. , Arehart Kathryn H. , Souza Pamela E.
Published: October 2016

Purpose

The population of the United States is aging. Those older adults are living longer than ever and have an increased desire for social participation. As a result, audiologists are likely to see an increased demand for service by older clients whose communication difficulty is caused by a combination of hearing loss and cognitive impairment. For these individuals, early detection of mild cognitive impairment is critical for providing timely medical intervention and social support.

Method

This tutorial provides information about cognition of older adults, mild cognitive impairment, and cognitive screening tests, with the purpose of assisting audiologists in identifying and appropriately referring potential cases of cognitive impairment.

Results

Topics addressed also include how to administer cognitive screening tests on individuals with hearing loss, how to use test results in audiology practice, and the potential of using cognitive screening tests for evaluating the benefit of clinical interventions.

Conclusions

As health care professionals who serve the aging population, audiologists are likely to encounter cases of undiagnosed cognitive impairment. In order to provide timely referral for medical assistance as well as an optimized individual outcome of audiologic interventions, audiologists should be trained to recognize an abnormality in older clients' cognitive status.
Computer simulations of melts of randomly branching polymers
Authors: Rosa Angelo , Everaers Ralf
Published: October 2016

Randomly branching polymers with annealed connectivity are model systems for ring polymers and chromosomes. In this context, the branched structure represents transient folding induced by topological constraints. Here we present computer simulations of melts of annealed randomly branching polymers of 3 ≤ N ≤ 1800 segments in d = 2 and d = 3 dimensions. In all cases, we perform a detailed analysis of the observed tree connectivities and spatial conformations. Our results are in excellent agreement with an asymptotic scaling of the average tree size of R ∼ N1/d, suggesting that the trees behave as compact, territorial fractals. The observed swelling relative to the size of ideal trees, R ∼ N1/4, demonstrates that excluded volume interactions are only partially screened in melts of annealed trees. Overall, our results are in good qualitative agreement with the predictions of Flory theory. In particular, we find that the trees swell by the combination of modified branching and path stretching. However, the former effect is subdominant and difficult to detect in d = 3 dimensions.
The photon kinetic approach toward terahertz radiation
Authors: Mehrabian Somayeh
Published: October 2016

A one dimensional spatiotemporal model for the femtosecond laser pulse interaction with air is developed in which the laser pulse propagation as well as the plasma formation and evolution accompanied with the THz radiation are investigated numerically. The photon kinetic approach based on the Klimontovich kinetic equation for the photons is used to describe the ultrashort laser pulse propagation while the Ammosov–Delone–Krainov approach accompanied with the plasma fluid equations is used to investigate the plasma formation and evolution, respectively. It is noteworthy that the model main focus was on the investigation of the long standing disagreement on the mechanisms of air-plasma THz radiation. Therefore, the three mechanisms of plasma current radiation, four-wave mixing by third order nonlinear susceptibility, and the interaction with the self exited plasma wave were inserted into the model, and their contributions to the THz emission were computed and compared. Our obtained results show that the interaction with the plasma wave plays no role in THz generation, while the nonlinear polarization and the plasma current are the two competing mechanisms, which both have significant roles in air plasma THz radiation.
Inconsistencies in authoritative national paediatric workforce data sources
Authors: Allen Amy R. , Doherty Richard , Hilton Andrew M. , Freed Gary L.
Published: October 2016

Objective
National health workforce data are used in workforce projections, policy and planning. If data to measure the current effective clinical medical workforce are not consistent, accurate and reliable, policy options pursued may not be aligned with Australia’s actual needs. The aim of the present study was to identify any inconsistencies and contradictions in the numerical count of paediatric specialists in Australia, and discuss issues related to the accuracy of collection and analysis of medical workforce data.

Methods
This study compared respected national data sources regarding the number of medical practitioners in eight fields of paediatric speciality medical (non-surgical) practice. It also counted the number of doctors listed on the websites of speciality paediatric hospitals and clinics as practicing in these eight fields.

Results
Counts of medical practitioners varied markedly for all specialties across the data sources examined. In some fields examined, the range of variability across data sources exceeded 450%.

Conclusions
The national datasets currently available from federal and speciality sources do not provide consistent or reliable counts of the number of medical practitioners. The lack of an adequate baseline for the workforce prevents accurate predictions of future needs to provide the best possible care of children in Australia.

What is known about the topic?
Various national data sources contain counts of the number of medical practitioners in Australia. These data are used in health workforce projections, policy and planning.

What does this paper add?
The present study found that the current data sources do not provide consistent or reliable counts of the number of practitioners in eight selected fields of paediatric speciality practice. There are several potential issues in the way workforce data are collected or analysed that cause the variation between sources to occur.

What are the implications for practitioners?
Without accurate data on which to base decision making, policy options may not be aligned with the actual needs of children with various medical needs, in various geographic areas or the nation as a whole.
The state of democracy and human rights in the Arab ummah (nation)
Authors: al-Shatti Isma‘il
Published: October 2016

Arab constitutions, for the most part, specify and guarantee human rights in their wordings. However, the reality of the individual in the Arab nation reveals something quite different from that which is written in the constitutions. The state is charged with providing citizens with sufficient opportunities by granting them the right to participate in political, economic, social and cultural life in addition to rendering the private life and private affairs of individuals inviolable. Arab regimes’ commitment to democracy is tenuous and in the main, these regimes preserve reference to democracy in their constitutions simply as a means for improving the image of the regime and as a pro-forma attempt at applying a modus operandi of a modern state. Despite the fact that laws are promulgated to regulate political work, the press and media, and the institutions of civil society, they are deprived of their function and impact through superficial or highly restricted legislation. For more than five decades, academic researches and writings on the obstacles to transitioning to democracy have increased and multiplied; and various ideas and opinions on the subject have been advanced. This article attempts an explanation of the phenomenon of Arab authoritarianism which fostered the crisis of the ‘Arab Spring’ and explores the reasons for the failure of democracy in the region.
C*-algebras from planar algebras I: Canonical C*-algebras associated to a planar algebra
Authors: Hartglass Michael , Penneys David
Published: October 2016

From a planar algebra, we give a functorial construction to produce numerous associated C∗^*-algebras. Our main construction is a Hilbert C∗^*-bimodule with a canonical real subspace which produces Pimsner-Toeplitz, Cuntz-Pimsner, and generalized free semicircular C∗^*-algebras. By compressing this system, we obtain various canonical C∗^*-algebras, including Doplicher-Roberts algebras, Guionnet-Jones-Shlyakhtenko algebras, universal (Toeplitz-) Cuntz-Krieger algebras, and the newly introduced free graph algebras. This is the first article in a series studying canonical C∗^*-algebras associated to a planar algebra.
Dissecting Torsin/cofactor function at the nuclear envelope: a genetic study
Authors: Laudermilch Ethan , Tsai Pei-Ling , Graham Morven , Turner Elizabeth , Zhao Chenguang , Schlieker Christian
Published: October 2016

The human genome encodes four Torsin ATPases, the functions of which are poorly understood. In this study, we use CRISPR/Cas9 engineering to delete all four Torsin ATPases individually and in combination. Using nuclear envelope (NE) blebbing as a phenotypic measure, we establish a direct correlation between the number of inactivated Torsin alleles and the occurrence of omega-shaped herniations within the lumen of the NE. A similar, although not identical, redundancy is observed for LAP1 and LULL1, which serve as regulatory cofactors for a subset of Torsin ATPases. Unexpectedly, deletion of Tor2A in a TorA/B/3A-deficient background results in a stark increase of bleb formation, even though Tor2A does not respond to LAP1/LULL1 stimulation. The robustness of the observed phenotype in Torsin-deficient cells enables a structural analysis via electron microscopy tomography and a compositional analysis via immunogold labeling. Ubiquitin and nucleoporins were identified as distinctively localizing components of the omega-shaped bleb structure. These findings suggest a functional link between the Torsin/cofactor system and NE/nuclear pore complex biogenesis or homeostasis and establish a Torsin-deficient cell line as a valuable experimental platform with which to decipher Torsin function.
Fast motif matching revisited: high-order PWMs, SNPs and indels
Authors: Korhonen Janne H , Palin Kimmo , Taipale Jussi , Ukkonen Esko
Published: October 2016

Motivation

While the position weight matrix (PWM) is the most popular model for sequence motifs, there is growing evidence of the usefulness of more advanced models such as first-order Markov representations, and such models are also becoming available in well-known motif databases. There has been lots of research of how to learn these models from training data but the problem of predicting putative sites of the learned motifs by matching the model against new sequences has been given less attention. Moreover, motif site analysis is often concerned about how different variants in the sequence affect the sites. So far, though, the corresponding efficient software tools for motif matching have been lacking.

Results

We develop fast motif matching algorithms for the aforementioned tasks. First, we formalize a framework based on high-order position weight matrices for generic representation of motif models with dinucleotide or general q-mer dependencies, and adapt fast PWM matching algorithms to the high-order PWM framework. Second, we show how to incorporate different types of sequence variants, such as SNPs and indels, and their combined effects into efficient PWM matching workflows. Benchmark results show that our algorithms perform well in practice on genome-sized sequence sets and are for multiple motif search much faster than the basic sliding window algorithm.

Availability and Implementation

Implementations are available as a part of the MOODS software package under the GNU General Public License v3.0 and the Biopython license (http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/pssmfind).
Britain and Empire, 1685–1730
Authors: Glickman Gabriel
Published: October 2016

The half century that followed the coronation of James II brought an escalation in English interest in the possibility of empire outside Europe. Through the seventeenth century, 300,000 Englishmen had advanced across the Atlantic, seating themselves within uncharted American spaces and among unfamiliar native peoples. The creation of trading depots, forts, and encampments in parts of India and the Guinea Coast offered further glimmerings of global ambition. Repeatedly, strategic and commercial interests ushered the Crown into the occupation of Mediterranean cities, islands, and peninsulas. Throughout most of the century, hopes of global empire had appeared chimerical: the congeries of scattered settlements, commercial outposts, and private fiefdoms offered unpromising materials for international hegemony. The period between 1685 and 1730 can be identified, therefore, as a formative phase in the trajectory of English imperial expansion. Frontiers were stretched northward into Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and the Hudson’s Bay basin and extended through the southern plantation world. Simultaneously, the Crown intensified its measures to control and exploit the established settlements. Proceeding in the background was the cultural and demographic transformation of great tracts of the dominions through unfree African labor. Stuart and, latterly, Hanoverian monarchs ruled a political community expanding in its terrain and its subject population, with far-reaching implications for the religion, culture, society, and economy of the domestic realm. Modern scholarship has sought increasingly to recover connections between the pressures of a nascent empire and the politics of the domestic realm, in a time of warfare and revolution. Fresh insights into early modern overseas expansion have been embedded in new accounts of Stuart and Hanoverian politics, examinations of overseas trade, and studies of the Protestant religion. The subject has given rise to an especially fertile field of intellectual history. The repositioning of Scotland and Ireland as “Atlantic nations” has uncovered linkages between the growth of dominion in America and the problems of managing a “multiple kingdom” monarchy within the British Isles. This article concentrates on works that have examined the influence of overseas expansion over the domestic kingdoms governed by Stuart and Hanoverian monarchs.
Ida Lupino
Authors: Wager Jans
Published: October 2016

In 1950, the director and actor Ida Lupino (b. 1914, London, England–d. 1995, Los Angeles, California) became the second woman, after Dorothy Arzner, admitted to the Directors Guild of America. She acted in over sixty-four films between 1932 and 1978. As an actor, Lupino was compared to Jean Harlow early in her career, and later identified herself as “the poor man’s Betty Davis,” since she was regularly offered roles that Davis, also under contract to Warner Brothers, refused. She started four production companies beginning in the late 1940s, including Arcadia and Emerald Productions, and later The Filmakers and Bridget Productions. She produced or coproduced at least twelve movies, scripted five, and directed seven feature films (one uncredited) between 1949 and 1953. She directed another, The Trouble with Angels, in 1966. As a director, she called herself “the poor man’s Don Siegel,” and was often identified as “the female Hitch.” Like Siegel, she directed hard-boiled and spare films; like Hitchcock, she capably created suspense and often implied violence but did not show it. Lupino acknowledged the influence of Italian neorealist filmmaking on her work, and in 1950 The Filmakers published a full-page “Declaration of Independents” in Variety to publicly assert their autonomy from mainstream Hollywood. She joined three other actors, David Niven, Dick Powell, and Charles Boyer, in Four Star Productions in 1953, which produced the Four Star Playhouse for CBS. She starred in nineteen Playhouse episodes, writing and performing in six episodes. She directed episodes for at least thirty-three television series from 1955 until 1969, including multiple shows for Have Gun, Will Travel; The Untouchables; Thriller; and Gilligan’s Island. She acted in over one hundred television shows from 1953 until 1977, half of those as the star along with her third husband, Howard Duff, in the popular series Mr. Adams and Eve. She and Duff produced the series through their company, Bridget Productions. Her prolificacy points to her proficiency, but perhaps also obscures Lupino’s remarkable contribution to film history in terms of independent film production, the postwar neorealist aesthetic in Hollywood, and television direction. The fact that she was a woman working behind the camera in the male-dominated entertainment industry makes the relative lack of attention to her oeuvre even more startling. Despite her productivity and skill, her film work has been disparaged as unexceptional and even anti-feminist, a disconcerting accusation given the misogyny implicit in the enforced containment of female agency in classical Hollywood. Ida Lupino’s remarkable output has gained more positive attention since the 1970s. Her work deserves and will reward assiduous reevaluation.
Post-World War II Orthodoxy
Authors: Caplan Kimmy
Published: October 2016

As the Second World War came to a close in the spring of 1945, the scope of destruction within Jewish society throughout Europe became clear. One of the components of this culturally and ideologically diverse society that faced numerous challenges was Orthodoxy. An era of 150 years of Jewish Orthodoxy that was centered in Europe came to an end, and the future of various Orthodox groups, like many other Jews and Jewish groups and trends, was far from promising. Notwithstanding this grim outlook, most Orthodox subgroups rebuilt themselves in the United States, Mandatory Palestine, and later the State of Israel. Within two or three decades and ever since, we have had a thriving, vital, and resurgent multifaceted Orthodoxy, mostly in the United States and Israel. But additional contemporary Orthodox strongholds, even if relatively limited in scope, exist in Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, England, and France. Based upon existing scholarship, this survey attempts to offer an overview of major trends and developments within postwar Orthodoxy, thus implying various lacunae in its scholarly study. It is impossible to address the full geographical gamut and variations of Orthodoxy within the constraints of this article, and I will therefore focus primarily on the two largest Orthodox communities that emerged after the Second World War in the United States and Israel. Finally, it is critical to situate postwar Orthodoxy within the necessary prewar historical contexts, and therefore certain sections begin with brief and general background notes and references.
Clinical features and response to systemic therapy in a historical cohort of advanced or unresectable mucosal melanoma
Authors: Shoushtari Alexander N. , Bluth Mark J. , Goldman Debra A. , Bitas Christiana , Lefkowitz Robert A. , Postow Michael A. , Munhoz Rodrigo R. , Buchar Gauri , Hester Robert H. , Romero Jacqueline A. , Fitzpatrick Laura J. , Weiser Martin R , Panageas Katherine S. , Wolchok Jedd D. , Chapman Paul B. , Carvajal Richard D.
Published: October 2016

There are very few data available regarding the pattern of first metastases in resected mucosal melanomas (MMs) as well as the response of advanced MM to cytotoxic therapy. A retrospective, single-institution cohort was assembled of all patients with advanced/unresectable MM between 1995 and 2012 who had received systemic therapy with available imaging (N=81). Responses to first-line and second-line systemic therapy were assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1. The relationship between response, overall survival, and clinical covariates was investigated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Primary sites included anorectal (N=31, 38%), vulvovaginal (N=28, 35%), head and neck (N=21, 26%), and gallbladder (N=1, 1%) mucosa. Seven percent of patients had their first relapse in the brain. Cytotoxic therapy represented 82 and 51% of first-line and second-line regimens. The best response achieved in the first-line setting was similar for single-agent [10%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1–32%] and combination alkylator therapy (8%; 95% CI: 2–21%). Median overall survival from first-line treatment was 10.3 months (95% CI: 8.7–13.9 months). Patients with elevated lactic dehydrogenase [hazard ratio (HR): 1.87, 95% CI: 1.10–3.19, P=0.020] and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 1–2 (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.05–2.72, P=0.030) had a higher risk of death, whereas patients with 12-week objective responses had a lower risk of death (HR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.04–0.41, P<0.001). Cytotoxic systemic therapy has modest activity in advanced/unresectable MM, belying its adjuvant benefit. Patients whose tumors have an objective response to therapy have a lower probability of death. Brain imaging should be considered in routine surveillance.
COMBINED INTRAVITREAL RANIBIZUMAB AND ORAL SUPPLEMENTATION WITH DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID AND ANTIOXIDANTS FOR DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA
Authors: Lafuente María , Ortín Lourdes , Argente María , Guindo José L. , López-Bernal María D. , López-Román Francisco J. , García María J. , Domingo Juan Carlos , Lajara Jerónimo
Published: October 2016

Purpose:

To assess the 2-year effectiveness of intravitreal ranibizumab combined with a dietary supplement rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plus antioxidants in 62 patients with diabetic macular edema.

Methods:

In a randomized single-blind controlled study, 33 subjects (42 eyes) received intravitreal ranibizumab alone and 29 (34 eyes) combined with DHA (1,050 mg/day). Monthly ranibizumab (0.5 mg) was given for the first 4 months followed by on as-needed treatment.

Results:

At 24 months, the difference between groups in the decrease of central subfield macular thickness was significant in favor of the DHA supplementation group (95% confidence interval of the difference 7.20–97.656; P = 0.024), although improvement in best-corrected visual acuity measured in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters did not reach statistical significance (95% confidence interval 5.4–11.2, P < 0.66). At 24 months, gains of >5 and >10 letters were significantly higher in the DHA supplementation group as compared with controls when the worse and better seeing eyes were considered but other differences at 12 months and 24 months were not found.

Conclusion:

Intravitreal ranibizumab combined with DHA supplementation reduced central subfield macular thickness after 2 years of follow-up as compared with ranibizumab alone in patients with diabetic macular edema. This anatomical improvement was accompanied by a trend for an amelioration of vision.
Seborrheic Keratosis-like Lesions of the Cervix and Vagina
Authors: Talia Karen L. , McCluggage W. Glenn
Published: October 2016

We report a series of 7 unusual and morphologically distinct cervical or upper vaginal lesions in women aged 41 to 70 years. The lesions involved the cervix in 3 cases, the upper vagina in 2, the cervix and vagina in 1, and in 1 case the site of origin could not be determined. The lesions had a consistent morphologic appearance with a surface “plaque-like” or “stuck-on” configuration apparent in those cases where surrounding normal tissues were present. Broad coalescing solid sheets and interconnecting trabeculae of cytologically bland cells with a rather “basaloid” appearance emanated from the surface and there were scattered squamous eddies. Other features included peripheral palisading and a stroma containing hyalinized basement membrane-like material. Immunohistochemically, the lesions were diffusely positive with p63, CK5/6, and 34βE12 and focally positive with CK7, but largely negative with CK20, EMA, CEA, and BerEP4. p16 was negative or exhibited nonblock-type immunoreactivity and GATA3 was negative or weakly positive. Molecular testing detected human papillomavirus type 42 in 3 of 7 cases, with no virus detected in the remaining 4 cases. Rarely, similar cases have been reported previously as inverted transitional papilloma of the cervix or vagina, but based on the morphology and immunophenotype we do not feel these represent transitional lesions. We suggest the term seborrheic keratosis-like lesions to designate this new and rare entity, which may be associated with low-risk human papillomavirus infection. Limited follow-up in a small number of cases suggests that these lesions follow a benign clinical course.
Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Emerging Consent and Management Patterns among American and International Board Certified Plastic Surgeons
Authors: Pittman Troy A. , Fan Kenneth L. , Rudolph Megan A.
Published: October 2016

Background:

Although literature and case reports regarding anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) continue to increase, changes in plastic surgery practice patterns have not been assessed.

Methods:

A 19-question survey was sent electronically to U.S. and international board-certified plastic surgeons. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and logistic regression analysis.

Results:

A total of 1383 surgeons (U.S., 715; international, 668) responded, at a rate of 13.5 percent, and 36.2 percent of U.S. physicians aspirate late seromas and send for cytologic analysis and 9.5 percent had personal experience with ALCL, equating to at least 193 self-reported cases. Overall, 26.9 percent discuss ALCL risk at the initial consultation every time, and 36.4 percent include ALCL in the informed consent. Compared to U.S. counterparts, Australian, French, and German physicians were five times as likely to include ALCL in consent. Physicians in an academic practice and those frequently (>40 percent) using textured implants were more likely to discuss ALCL in the preoperative consultation. Physicians with personal or colleague experience with ALCL were twice as likely to include ALCL in the consent process.

Conclusions:

Only one-third of surgeons are managing late seroma according to U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines. ALCL cases are likely being underreported. Collectively, plastic surgeons remain hesitant to change consent pattern. However, specific countries have adapted their consenting processes. Working in academia and frequent textured implant use makes one more likely to discuss ALCL in consultation. Personal or colleague experience makes one twice as likely to include ALCL in the consent.
The Indian Nose
Authors: Nagarkar Purushottam , Pezeshk Ronnie A. , Rohrich Rod J.
Published: October 2016

Despite the growing number of rhinoplasty procedures being performed on Indian patients, there is a very limited body of literature regarding nuances of the Indian rhinoplasty. The authors review the spectrum of nasal phenotypes that fall under the category of the Indian nose; goals of rhinoplasty in these patients; operative techniques that can be used to address them; and, importantly, the specific pitfalls to be avoided in these groups.
A New Species of Seedeater (Emberizidae:Sporophila) from the Iberá Grasslands, in Northeast Argentina
Authors: Di Giacomo Adrián S. , López-Lanús Bernabé , Kopuchian Cecilia
Published: October 2016

We describe a new species of capuchino of the genusSporophila(Emberizidae) of the Esteros del Iberá, province of Corrientes, in northeastern Argentina. This species would have remained unidentified due to lack of ornithological explorations in the central area of the Esteros del Iberá. It has been confused with immature individuals of otherSporophilaspecies. We made observations of behavior and habitat, playback experiments, comparative analyzes of the vocalizations and plumage with other sympatric species of the same genus, and we found this species, which we have namedSporophila iberaensis, inhabiting wet grasslands from the edges of the marshes, having a unique vocal repertoire and a unique plumage. Because of its restricted geographical distribution and the threats that have their habitat, this new species should be categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.
Intron-driven gene expression in the absence of a core promoter inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Gallegos Jenna E , Rose Alan B
Published: October 2016

In diverse eukaryotes, certain introns increase mRNA accumulation through the poorly understood mechanism of intron-mediated enhancement (IME). A distinguishing feature of IME is that these introns have no effect from upstream or more than 1 Kb downstream of the transcription start site (TSS). To more precisely define the intron position requirements for IME in Arabidopsis, we tested the effect of theUBQ10intron on gene expression from 6 different positions surrounding the TSS of aTRP1:GUSfusion. The intron strongly increased expression from all transcribed positions, but had no effect when 204 nt or more upstream of the 5’-most TSS. When the intron was located in the 5’ UTR, the TSS unexpectedly changed, resulting in longer transcripts. Remarkably, deleting 303 nt of the core promoter, including all known TSS’s and all but 18 nt of the 5’ UTR, had virtually no effect on the level of gene expression as long as a stimulating intron was included in the gene. When the core promoter was deleted, transcription initiated in normally untranscribed sequences the same distance upstream of the intron as when the promoter was intact. Together, these results suggest that certain introns play unexpectedly large roles in directing transcription initiation and represent a previously unrecognized type of downstream regulatory elements for genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II. This study also demonstrates considerable flexibility in the sequences surrounding the TSS, indicating that the TSS is not determined by promoter sequences alone. These findings are relevant in practical applications where introns are used to increase gene expression and contribute to our general understanding of gene structure and regulation in eukaryotes.
Visual field map clusters in human frontoparietal cortex
Authors: Mackey Wayne E. , Winawer Jonathan , Curtis Clayton E.
Published: October 2016

The visual neurosciences have made enormous progress in recent decades, in part because of the ability to drive visual areas by their sensory inputs, allowing researchers to reliably define visual areas across individuals and across species. Similar strategies for parceling higher-order cortex have proven elusive. Here, using a novel experimental task and nonlinear population receptive field modeling we map and characterize the topographic organization of several regions in human frontoparietal cortex. We discover maps of both polar angle and eccentricity that are organized into clusters, similar to visual cortex, where multiple maps of polar angle of the contralateral visual field share a confluent fovea. This is striking because neural activity in frontoparietal cortex is believed to reflect higher-order cognitive functions rather than external sensory processing. Perhaps the spatial topography in frontoparietal cortex parallels the retinotopic organization of sensory cortex to enable an efficient interface between perception and higher-order cognitive processes. Critically, these visual maps constitute well-defined anatomical units that future study of frontoparietal cortex can reliably target.
Microsaccadic sampling of moving image information providesDrosophilahyperacute vision
Authors: Juusola Mikko , Dau An , Song Zhuoyi , Solanki Narendra , Rien Diana , Jaciuch David , Dongre Sidhartha , Blanchard Florence , de Polavieja Gonzalo G. , Hardie Roger C. , Takalo Jouni
Published: October 2016

Small fly eyes should not see fine image details. Because flies exhibit saccadic visual behaviors and their compound eyes have relatively few ommatidia (sampling points), their photoreceptors would be expected to generate blurry and coarse retinal images of the world. Here we demonstrate thatDrosophilasee the world far better than predicted from the classic theories. By using electrophysiological, optical and behavioral assays, we found that R1-R6 photoreceptors’ encoding capacityin timeis maximized to fast high-contrast bursts, which resemble their light input during saccadic behaviors. Whilstover space, R1-R6s resolve moving objects at saccadic speeds beyond the predicted motion-blur-limit. Our results show how refractory phototransduction and rapid photomechanical photoreceptor contractions jointly sharpen retinal images of moving objectsin space-time, enabling hyperacute vision, and explain how such microsaccadic information sampling exceeds the compound eyes’ optical limits. These discoveries elucidate how acuity depends upon photoreceptor function and eye movements.
The Teflon effect: when the glass slipper meets merit
Authors: Simpson Ruth , Kumra Savita
Published: October 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to draw on Ashcraft’s (2013) metaphor of the “glass slipper” (which highlights the need for alignment between occupational identity and embodied social identities of workers) to show how merit may not adhere to individuals when social identity in the form of gender, race or class fails to fit the definition and perceived characteristics of the job.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a conceptual paper.

Findings

This study develops the notion of the Teflon effect to describe the way merit may go unrecognised and may therefore not “stick” to the bodies of women in management and leadership roles.

Research limitations/implications

This study provides an explanation for the persistence of the glass ceiling and the barriers women face as they undertake or aspire to management and/or leadership positions in organisations.

Practical implications

This study introduces a more embodied notion of merit which relies on both performance and recognition to “take effect”. Professionals must see beyond “objective” measures of merit in performance reviews and/or in recruitment and promotion decisions to include reflection on the significance of merit’s subjective, “performed” dimensions.

Social implications

This study adds to understandings of women’s positioning in organisations.

Originality/value

This study develops the notion of the Teflon effect. This highlights the significance of the recognition, performance and embodiment of merit and how merit may fail to adhere to the bodies of women in management and leadership roles.