bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Choroidal Thickness during Pregnancy and Post-partum: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Alizadeh Yousef , Moravvej Zahra , Soltani-Moghadam Reza , Dourandish Maryam , Akbari Mitra , Azaripour Ebrahim , Medghalchi Abdolreza , Sorouri Ziba Zahiri , Motaghinia Zahra
Published: April 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the longitudinal changes of choroidal thickness using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) during pregnancy and post-partum.Methods: The study included 23 eyes of 23 healthy pregnant women and 23 eyes of 23 healthy non-pregnant women. Choroidal thickness (CT) was measured manually with EDI-OCT at seven locations: the fovea, 500, 1000 and 1500 μm temporal (T) from the fovea and 500, 1000 and 1500 μm nasal (N) from the fovea. Measurements were obtained at each pregnancy trimester and 6 weeks post-partum and in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle for the control group.Results: The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 410.2 ± 82.4 μm, 434.8 ± 79.6 μm, 433.5 ± 80.3 μm, and 395.0 ± 71.1 μm in the first, second and third trimesters and 6 weeks post-partum, respectively. In all seven measured locations, statistically significant changes were noted during pregnancy and post-partum in the choroidal thickness (p<0.001). Choroidal thickness increased from the first trimester to the second and third trimester, after which it decreased at post-partum. Choroidal thickness was greater in the pregnant group during pregnancy and post-partum compared to the control group (p<0.001).Conclusion: This study indicated significant change in choroidal thickness at seven locations measured with EDI-OCT throughout pregnancy and 6 weeks after delivery. We showed that 6 weeks after delivery, choroidal thickness remains significantly higher than non-pregnant subjects.
Emotional impact on children during home confinement in Spain
Authors: Sánchez-Ferrer Francisco , Cervantes-García Evelyn , Gavilán-Martín César , Quesada José Antonio , Cortes-Castell Ernesto , Nso-Roca Ana Pilar
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about important changes. On March 14, 2020, a strict home confinement was decreed in Spain. Children did not attend school and were not allowed to leave their homes. The aim of this study was to determine the emotional state of these children, as well as associated factors. Material and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using an online questionnaire sent by cell phone. This survey includes sociodemographic items and questions concerning the emotional impact of the lockdown. With the questions on emotions, two categories of emotional state were established with the variables fear, irritability, sadness and somatization: those who were less or more emotionally affected. A multivariate logistic model was used to estimate the associations between the variables. Results: A total of 3890 responses were obtained. The mean age of the children was 6.47 years (range 0 to 17). A score indicating poor emotional state was reported by 40.12%. The multivariate logistic model for poor emotional state was directly associated with having less appetite, sleep disturbances, and with parents’ beliefs that their child will have difficulties returning to normal life after lockdown. A better emotional state was associated with being an only child, access to outdoor spaces at home, having pets, and parents informing their children about the pandemic using creative explanations. Conclusions: During strict home confinement, a considerable emotional impact was observed in children as described by their parents. Specific elements were associated with a better or poorer emotional state.
Tumor DNA from tumor in situ fluid was used to track genomic status and evolutionary models of gliomas under first-line treatment
Authors: Bu Xingyao , Yu Jinliang , Xu Sensen , Sheng Zhiyuan , Gao Yushuai , Bu Chaojie , Wu Shuang , Deng Kaiyuan , Bu Yage , Liu Guanzheng , Yan Zhaoyue , Jia Yulong , Guo Guangzhong , Zhang Ziyue , Kong Lingfei , Liu Gang , Wang Meiyun , Ma Chunxiao , Li Tianxiao
Published: April 2022

Background: Tumor DNA from tumor in situ fluid (TISF) provides a minimally invasive approach to repeatedly interrogated the glioma genome and provides an opportunity to monitor the dynamics of pressure-induced cloning for recurrence and treatment selectivity. Understanding the evolution of glioma will be of great help in clinical and scientific research of glioma. Currently, no study has explored the recurrence process of glioma.Methods: We performed high-depth generation gene sequencing in multiple regions of matched primary and recurrent tumors. Using 60 primary tumor tissues and their TISF, 26 of whom had tumor recurrence and 6 underwent 2 surgeries, we analyzed the heterogeneity of each period.Results：We measured considerable genomic variation in glioma patients at different times under the stress of first-line treatment. In gliomas dominated by genomic alleles with low frequency (VAF < 1%), radiographic residues had higher VAF (p = 0.016), and patients with postoperative recurrence also had higher VAF (p < 0.0001). Under the pressure of treatment, polyclonal mutations gradually increased with tumor evolution, and high-frequency dominant clones gradually appeared. Samples of relapsed TISF contained more abundant clonal mutations. Sequencing of relapsed tumor tissue and relapsed TISF samples showed high consistency in mutation detection and estimation of allele frequency (p < 0.0001, VAF correlation, R2 = 0.8737). Heterogeneity at different stages of the tumor was shown in patients who were continuously monitored. We determined that TISF may detect elevated Tumor DNA variant allele fraction prior to positive imaging findings and effectively identify patients with pseudoprogression.Conclusions: Continuous TISF-DNA analysis reveals the evolutionary structure of gliomas under first-line therapy and can be used to track postoperative residual disease and tumor recurrence. Most importantly, it could move glioma research forward.
Investigation of a toxic Microcystis sp. (Cyanobacteria) collected from Snow Lake (New Mexico, USA).
Authors: Shalygin Sergei , Holguin Omar
Published: April 2022

The toxin producing cyanobacterium Microcystis sp. was collected in the mid October 2020 from the shallow waters of Snow Lake (New Mexico, USA). This dominate species caused a visible bloom consisting of the pale green irregular macro colonies. Mass spectral analysis revealed the presence of 4 derivatives of microcystin in that bloom: MC-LR found in the water and biomass, MC-RR, -LY, -YR found in biomass only. Next-generation sequencing analysis of a collected biomass allowed the retrieval of two Microcystis sequences in the bloom, which may serve as molecular benchmarks for toxic Microcystis in the future monitoring studies. Light microscopy including shape of microscopic colonies provided evidence for the nomenclatural identification of the found morphotype as Microcystis flos-aquae (Wittrock) Kirchner. However, molecular sequencing and the current situation in cyanobacterial systematics prevented affiliation of our morphotype to Microcystis flos-aquae, justifying following name – Microcystis sp. Confocal microscopy determined the distribution of the cell content utilizing 3D stereo imaging. Emission spectra analysis identified the pigment composition and pigment distribution within the cells. SEM revealed 3D arrangement of the cells in the colonies, texture of the surface of the cells, F-layer and pili-like structures. Additionally, SEM/EDS analysis confirmed the F-layer using elemental composition analysis, which showed presence of sulfur in it – typical element for that structure. Through the use of AFM, we analyzed the texture of the cells surface and confirmed pili-like structures. As a summary, we detected toxin producing Microcystis spp. populations that were sequenced using Next-generation sequencing techniques. Obtained sequences may serve as phylogenetic benchmark for the toxic Microcystis populations during future investigations. Additionally, in depth pigment and ultrastructural analysis was performed on the toxigenic populations.
Hedgehog-induced-oxidative-phosphorylation rescues neuronal differentiation defect of human enteric neural crest cells underlying Hirschsprung disease
Authors: Li Zhixin , Lui Kathy Nga-Chu , Lau Sin-Ting , Lai Frank Pui-Ling , Li Peng , CHUNG Patrick , Wong Kenneth , TAM Paul , Gracia-Barcelo Maria-Mercè , Hui Chi-chung , Sham Pak , Ngan Elly
Published: April 2022

Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is characterized by the absence of enteric neurons caused by the defects of enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs), leading to intestinal obstruction. Here, using iPSC-based models of HSCR and single-cell transcriptomic analysis, we identified a core gene set of 118 genes commonly dysregulated in all HSCR-ENCCs, with HDAC1 found to be a master regulator of these genes. Furthermore, upregulation of RNA splicing mediators and enhanced alternative splicing events were associated with severe form of HSCR. In particular, the higher inclusion rate of exon 9 in PTBP1 and the perturbed expression of a PTBP1-target, PKM, were significantly enriched in these HSCR-ENCCs, and associated with the defective oxidative-phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and impaired neurogenesis. Hedgehog-induced OXPHOS significantly enhanced the survival and differentiation capacity of HSCR-ENCCs. In sum, we have defined the core factors underpinning HSCR disease and demonstrated the implications of OXPHOS in ENCC development and HSCR pathogenesis.
Investigation of the Effects of Heavy Metal Pollution on Surface Waters Before and During the COVID-19 Lockdown Periods in Bursa, Turkey
Authors: Sari Mehmet Ferhat , Esen Fatma
Published: April 2022

The first COVID-19 case in Turkey was reported on March 10, 2020, by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey. Due to the increasing number of cases, a curfew was declared on weekends as of 11-12 April 2020. Although curfews were only implemented on public holidays and weekends, there were reductions in industrial, traffic, and human activities. The restrictions and curfews implemented to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic are a unique opportunity to understand the effects of anthropogenic sources on water quality. In this study, it was aimed to determine the temporal variations of the concentration of seven heavy metals (HMs) (Fe, Mn, Cu, Al, Cr, Ni, and Zn) in surface waters before and during the COVID-19 lockdown period, and their carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks that may occur through digestion and dermal absorption. Surface water samples were taken from 14 different sampling points within the borders of Bursa (Turkey). HM concentrations except Ni increased at rates ranging from 7.92% to 83.33% during the COVID-19 lockdown period compared to before the COVID-19 lockdown period. The heavy metal pollution index and heavy metal evaluation index increased during the COVID-19 lockdown period compared to before the COVID-19 lockdown period. Also, according to the results regarding the carcinogenic risk that may occur via digestion and dermal absorption, serious risks were determined for adults and children in both periods. Generally, similar correlation coefficients were obtained in both sampling periods, and it was concluded that HMs were affected by similar sources.
Exploring the environmental properties and resource utilization of construction waste in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region
Authors: Hu Shuxin , Ren Fumin , Jia Jinming , Cui Can , Guo Changhong , Cui Nana , Ma Li , Si Han , Lu Tong , Liu Guotao , Zhang Boyu , Liu Junshi
Published: April 2022

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is a capital economic circle for the future. Promoting the coordinated development of its population, economy, resources and environment is a major national strategy. And as towns and cities continue to expand, the volume of construction waste is gradually expanding, posing a major challenge to the sustainable development of the construction industry. In order to solve this problem, this paper used portable XRF to realize the on-site rapid monitoring of heavy metals in construction waste, and the correlation analysis result was R2 = 0.9622. The visualization of enrichment factor evaluation results was realized through ArcGIS. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is mainly polluted by heavy metal elements Cr, Zn, Pb and Hg, showing regional pollution characteristics. The reason can be traced to the heavy industrial production in Tangshan, which is in line with the principle of industrial ecology. The results of leaching toxicity and cation anion analysis showed that the construction waste in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region had environmental risks to the surrounding surface water and groundwater. The resource treatment and disposal path were determined by means of XRD, ternary phase diagram and oxide composition analysis to avoid secondary pollution. This study explores the environmental properties and resource utilization pathways of construction waste in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, laying the foundation for research work on construction waste in the development of national urban agglomerations, effectively solving regional environmental pollution problems, and promoting the sustainable development of the construction industry.
High-order dynamic localization and tunable temporal cloaking in
ac-electric-field driven synthetic lattices
Authors: Wang Shulin , Qin Chengzhi , Liu Weiwei , Wang Bing , Zhou Feng , Ye Han , Zhao Lange , Dong Jianji , Zhang Xinliang , Longhi Stefano , Lu Peixiang
Published: April 2022

Dynamic localization (DL) of photons, i.e., the light-motion cancellation effect arising from lattice’s quasi-energy band collapse under a synthetic ac-electric-field, provides a powerful and alternative mechanism to Anderson localization for coherent light confinement. So far only low-order DLs, corresponding to weak ac-fields, have been demonstrated using curved-waveguide lattices where the waveguide’s bending curvature plays the role of ac-field as required in original Dunlap-Kenkre model of DL. However, the inevitable bending losses pose a severe limitation for the observation of high-order DL. Here, we break the weak-field limitation by transferring lattice concepts from spatial to synthetic time dimensions using fiber-loop circuits and observe up to fifth-order DL. We find that high-order DLs possess superior localization and robustness against random noise over lower-order ones. As an exciting application, by judiciously combining low- and high-order DLs, we demonstrate a temporal cloaking scheme with flexible tunability both for cloak’s window size and opening time. Our work pushes DL towards high-order regimes using synthetic-lattice schemes, which may find potential applications in robust signal transmission, protection, processing and cloaking.
Predictors for the restoration of the sagittal spinal malalignment in patients with lumbar stenosis after short-segment decompression and fusion surgery
Authors: Lu Shibao , Huang Rufeng , Pan Fumin , Zhu Weiguo , Kong Chao
Published: April 2022

Background: To explore the predictors for the restoration of the sagittal spinal malalignment in the elderly patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) after short-segment decompression and fusion surgery.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 82 LSS patients with sagittal malalignment (SVA≥50mm or PT≥20° or PI-LL≥20°) who underwent short-segment decompression and fusion surgery between January 2019 and March 2021. Patients’ characteristic, radiographic and paravertebral muscle parameters were assessed. The patients were divided into group A (postoperative malalignment) and B (postoperative alignment) according to whether the postoperative restoration of the sagittal alignment was achieved.Results: There existed more males in group B than in group A (p=0.002). The age of group A (73.36±8.02) was greater than that of group B (69.08±6.07, p=0.009). Preoperative PT in group A (27.40±5.82) was greater than that in group B (19.30±7.32, p<0.001). The functional cross-sectional area (fCSA) in group A (28.73±4.23) was lower than that in group B (36.94±7.81, p<0.001). And the fatty infiltration rate (FI) of group A (27.16%±5.58%) was higher than that of group B (22.61%±5.81%, p=0.001). The fCSA was negatively correlated with the postoperative PT and PTr (p<0.05).Conclusion: Stronger lumbar paravertebral muscles, smaller preoperative PI, PT or PI-LL, male and younger age are the predictors for the restoration of the sagittal spinal malalignment in the elderly LSS patients after short-segment decompression and fusion surgery.
The Lactobacillus Crispatus M247 oral administration: it really is an effective strategy in the management of papillomavirus-infected women?
Authors: Dellino Miriam , Daniele Antonella , Vagno Giovanni Di , Malvasi Antonio , Zaccaro Rosanna , Zaccaro Katia , Cazzato Gerardo , Cascardi Eliano , Scacco Salvatore , Tinelli Raffaele , De Luca Alessandro , Giacomino Maria Elena , De Nicolò Miriana , Vinciguerra Marina , Loizzi Vera , Cicinelli Ettore , Cormio Gennaro , Pinto Vincenzo
Published: April 2022

-Background: Recent studies have shown the importance of the microbiota in women's health. In contrast, a dysbiosis condition can be a predisposing condition of viral infections by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). The persistence of HPV-related lesions in patients with dysbiosis, could represent the antechamber of cervical cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether long-term administration of oral lactobacilli may allow the restoration of eubiosis in women with HPV-infections with consequently viral clearance. -Methods: A total of 160 women affected HPV-infections were enrolled at Department of Gynecological Obstetrics of “San Paolo” Hospital, Italy between February 2021 and February 2022.Women were randomized in two groups, in treatment with oral Lactobacillus Crispatus M247 (group 1, n = 80) versus controlled group, with only follow-up (Group 2 n= 80).-Results: After a median follow up of 12 months (range 10-30 months) the chance to solve HPV-related cytological anomalies was higher in treatment with oral probiotic long-term users (group 1) versus group with placebo (group 2) (60.5% vs 41,3%, p = 0.05). Furthermore, a total HPV-clearance was shown in 9,3% in patients with only follow-up compared to a percentage of 15,3 % in group that assumed oral Lactobacilli long term users (p = 0.34). So, the percentual of patients assessed with HPV-DNA test documented at the end of the study period is not significatively different by the control group.-Conclusions: Despite the limitations of our analysis, we find a higher percentage of clearance of PAP-smear abnormalities, in patients who have took oral Lactobacilli long term than the control group. These results represent a confirm that the eubiosis re-establishment could be the first step to eradicate efficiently HPV-infection. Larger studies are need yet but we believe that future researchs should act in this direction.Trial registration: This word is retrospectively registered.
Highly durable fuel cell electrocatalyst with low-loading Pt-Co nanoparticles dispersed over single-atom Pt-Co-N-Graphene nanofiber
Authors: Chong Lina , Zhou Hua , Kubal Joseph , Tang Qingli , Wen Jianguo , Yang Zhenzhen , Bloom Ira D. , Abraham Daniel , Zhu Hong , Zou Jianxin , Ding WenJiang
Published: April 2022

The limited durability of Pt electrocatalysis toward cathodic oxygen reduction reaction is a remaining challenge, yet crucial for the development of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. Here, we present a robust catalyst consisted of ~ 3 nm PtCo core-shell nanoparticles supported by porous Graphene-Nitrogen nanofiber decorated with single-atomic Pt and Co, termed PtCo@Pt-Co-GNF. The approach uses polymer-fiber containing Polyacrylonitrile and Cobalt-Metal-Organic-Framework as precursors to the Graphene-Nitrogen template where Pt clusters are in-situ reduced for high temperature synthesis. In a fuel cell with a total Pt loading (anode + cathode) of 0.083 mg cm-2, the new catalyst delivers unprecedented mass activity of 2.48 A mgPt-1 at 0.9 ViR-free, and a high Pt utilization of 11.9 kW gPt-1 at 150 kPaabs initially. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopies (XAS) of PtCo@Pt-Co-GNF show that the structures of Co moieties under working and ex-situ condition are different, and Co moieties are modified during oxygen reduction reaction. Density Functional Theory combined with Operando XAS unveils that the synergistic effect of atomic neighboring Pt-Co dual center facilitates the oxygen-intermediates-adsorption strengthened on Co moieties and weakened on Pt sites, eventually enhancing the catalytic activity. Theoretical simulation further manifests that the enhanced curvature of the carbon substrate lowers the reaction thermodynamic barrier favoring the formation of H2O rather than H2O2 over Co-N4. This result along with the high carbon graphitization and the strong interaction between PtCo and Co-N-C may likely be responsible for the drastically enhanced durability of the catalyst which underwent 60,000 Accelerated-Stress-Test cycles including 30,000 cycles in H2-Air cell and a continued 30,000 cycles in H2-O2 cell with no obvious structure and composition changes.
CryoET Reveals Organelle Phenotypes in Huntington Disease Patient iPSC-Derived and Mouse Primary Neurons
Authors: Chiu Wah , Wu Gong-her , Galaz-Montoya Jesús , Schmid Michael , Joubert Lydia , Mitchell Patrick , Danita Cristina , Yeung Serena , Gupte Sanket , Hsu Joy , Frydman Judith , Aviner Ranen , Mobley William , Wu Chengbiao , Gu Yingli , Smith-Geater Charlene , Thompson Leslie , Miramontes Ricardo , Wang Keona , Geller Nicolette
Published: April 2022

Huntington’s Disease (HD) is caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the huntingtin gene, yielding a Huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can help understand disease; however, defining pathological biomarkers is challenging. Here, we used cryogenic electron tomography to visualize neurites in HD patient iPSC-derived neurons with varying CAG repeats, and primary cortical neurons from BACHD, deltaN17-BACHD, and wild-type mice. In HD models, we discovered mitochondria with enlarged granules and distorted cristae, and thin sheet aggregates in double membrane-bound organelles. We used artificial intelligence to quantify mitochondrial granules, and proteomics showed differential protein content in HD mitochondria. Knockdown of Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT1 ameliorated aberrant phenotypes in iPSC-neurons and reduced phenotypes in BACHD neurons. We show that integrated ultrastructural and proteomic approaches may uncover early HD phenotypes to accelerate diagnostics and the development of targeted therapeutics for HD.
Phase II study of S-1 and irinotecan combination therapy in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer resistant to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor: North Japan Lung Cancer Study Group Trial 0804 (NJLCG0804)
Authors: Nakamura Atsushi , Harada Masao , Watanabe Kana , Harada Toshiyuki , Inoue Akira , Sugawara Shunichi
Published: April 2022

Background: We conducted a multicenter phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of S-1 and irinotecan combination therapy in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer treated with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors.Methods: Epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors and platinum-based chemotherapy received 80 mg/m2 S-1 on days 1–14 and 70 mg/m2 irinotecan on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. The primary endpoint was disease control rate 8 weeks after enrollment. The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival, overall response rate, and safety.Results: We enrolled 25 patients from five hospitals. The patients underwent a median of four cycles. The disease control rate, 8 weeks after enrollment, was 84% (95% confidence interval, 63.9%–95.5%). Progression-free survival and overall survival were 5.0 and 17.1 months, respectively. The overall response rate was 52.0%. Grade ≥3 adverse events were reported in 56.0% of patients: hematological toxicities of leukopenia (44%), neutropenia (52%), anemia (20%), thrombocytopenia (20%), and febrile neutropenia (16%). Non-hematological toxicities of grade ≥3 included elevated alanine aminotransferase (4%), anorexia (8%), nausea (4%), diarrhea (16%), and pulmonary embolism (4%). None developed grade 5 toxicities. Conclusion: Combination therapy with S-1 and irinotecan in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer treated with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors and platinum-based chemotherapy demonstrated high effectiveness with tolerable toxicities. Future phase III studies are needed to evaluate the role of this treatment in such patients.
Comparison of the prognosis of robotic-assisted total gastrectomy, laparoscopic total gastrectomy, and conventional open total gastrectomy: A network meta-analysis
Authors: Yuan Liu , Tian Zhiqiang , Shen Wei
Published: April 2022

Objective

To systematically evaluate the prognostic efficacy of robotic-assisted total gastrectomy.

Methods

Through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Ovid and other databases, English-language literature comparing the three different surgical approaches of conventional open total gastrectomy, laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy and robotic-assisted total gastrectomy published from 2015 to December 2021 was collected. NoteExpress was used to complete the literature screening process and to evaluate the quality of the included literature using the JADAD scale and NOS scale.
R-Studio software and Review Manager 5.4 software were used to perform the net
Meta-analysis.

Results

A total of 39,918 patients from 33 papers were eventually included in the study.Meta-analysis showed that robotic total gastrectomy took the longest operative time and was the most prone to postoperative abdominal haemorrhage of the three procedures included, but was the most effective in reducing postoperative hospital stay, preventing postoperative abdominal infection, postoperative pneumonia, postoperative anastomotic leakage and overall postoperative complications.

Conclusion

The da Vinci robot is safe and feasible in the treatment of gastric cancer. There are advantages and disadvantages to robotic-assisted treatment, and we look forward to continued improvements in the technology in the future, thereby improving the quality of life for patients with gastric cancer. Keywords gastric cancer; laparoscopically assisted gastrectomy; robot-assisted gastrectomy; network meta-analysis
Fostering Student STEM Interest and Identity Using Self-determination Theory
Authors: Chiu Thomas K.F.
Published: April 2022

BackgroundStudent strongly positive (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) STEM interest and identity predict their future study and career choices in a STEM field. Integrated STEM programs provide a solution to the challenge of instilling students with an interest in the STEM field. However, STEM education studies addressing multiple disciplines are insufficient, as they have produced mixed findings and inadequate direction for advancing integrated STEM education. The literature suggests that self-determination theory (SDT) provides an understanding of motivational processes that influence the development of STEM interest and identity. This study investigated the effectiveness of teacher needs support on student STEM interest and identity development during a proposed 12-week SDT-based STEM program. Three hundred forty-two grade 9 students were randomly assigned to SDT and non-SDT groups during the program.ResultsCompared with the non-SDT group, the students in the SDT-based group demonstrated significantly stronger autonomy, competence, relatedness, and STEM interest and identity, in addition to greater intentions to choose elective STEM subjects. Moreover, structural equation modeling showed that the student perceived teacher needs support was a significant predictor of their development of STEM interest and identity. Perceived support for competence and relatedness were the strongest predictors. STEM identity was a predictor for the number of elective STEM subjects chosen.ConclusionThe results support the application of SDT in integrated STEM learning, and explain how supporting student needs affects their STEM interest and identity, which is crucial in interdisciplinary learning and the development of adolescent interest and identity in K-12. Moreover, the results contribute to SDT by adding a new dimension — STEM interest and identity — and presenting more evidence on how teacher needs support foster this dimension. These results have practical implications for advancing integrated STEM education in addition to new opportunities for using fewer resources to effectively foster student interest and identity in universal education.
A new chaotic image encryption algorithm based on transversals in a Latin square
Authors: Shen Honglian , Shan Xiuling , Xu Ming , Tian Zihong
Published: April 2022

There are some good combinatorial structures suitable for image encryption. In this study, a new chaotic image encryption algorithm based on transversals in a Latin square is proposed. An n -transversal has the function of classifying all the matrix's positions, and it can provide a pair of orthogonal Latin squares. Employing an n -transversal of a Latin square, we can permutate an image data group by group for the first time, then use two Latin squares for auxiliary diffusion based on a chaotic sequence, finally make use of a pair of orthogonal Latin squares to do the second scrambling. As a whole, the encryption process of “scrambling-diffusion-scrambling” is formed. The experimental results indicate that this algorithm achieves a secure and fast encryption effect. The final information entropy is very close to 8, and the correlation coefficient is approximate to 0. All these tests verify the robustness and practicability of this proposed algorithm.
Characteristics and Perioperative Outcomes of Fracture in Elderly patients with Chronic Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Yaqian , Fu Mingming , Guo Junfei , Zhao Yuqi , Wang Zhiqian , Hou Zhiyong
Published: April 2022

Purpose: The purpose is to observe the characteristics and perioperative outcomes of fracture in elderly adults with chronic heart failure (CHF).Methods: We searched elderly patients (≥ 65 years) with CHF who developed fracture from January 2017 to February 2021. The gender, age, fracture types, electrocardiogram (ECG), laboratory results, comorbidities, complications, length of hospital stay and mortality of these patients were collected. Risk factors for perioperative cardiovascular disease (CVD) were identified.Results: A total of 104 patients were brought into this study, including 65 female patients (62.5%) and 39 male patients (37.5%). The average age of these patients was 79.5 years old. In those 104 patients, 24 (23.1%) had HFrEF, 49 (47.1%) had HFmrEF, and 31 had HFpEF (29.8%). More than half of the patients had three or more comorbidities, and coronary artery disease was the most common comorbidity (60.6%). The incidence of perioperative CVD and non-cardiac complications was 59.6% and 95.1%, respectively. The mean length of hospital stay was 11.0 (7.0-19.0) days. The in-hospital mortality rate was 4.8%, and 1-year mortality rate was 19.2%. Arrhythmia (40%) was the most common perioperative CVD, and hypoalbuminemia (69.2%) was the most common non-cardiac complication. Multivariate analyses showed that age≥80 years, comorbidities≥3 and hip fracture were associated with increased rates of perioperative CVD.Conclusion: Our results revealed elderly CHF patients with more comorbidities are prone to perioperative CVD after fracture, more comprehensive prevention and integrated management approaches will be required for these patients.
Loss of bacterial genetic diversity together with the increment of eutrophic and phytotoxic risk, the side effect of using raw poultry waste as soil amendment
Authors: Viso Natalia Pin , Rizzo Pedro , Young Brian , Gabioud Emmanuel , Bres Patricia , Riera Nicolas , Merino Lina , Farber Marisa , Crespo Diana
Published: April 2022

Poultry waste has been used as fertilizer to diminish soil degradation caused by long-term application of chemical fertilizer. However, few studies have evaluated field conditions where livestock wastes have been used for extended periods of time. In this study, physicochemical parameters, metabarcoding of 16S rRNA gene, and ecotoxicity indexes were used for the characterization of chicken manure and poultry litter, and to examine the effect of their application to agricultural soils over a period of 10 years. Poultry wastes showed high concentrations of nutrients and increased electrical conductivity leading to phytotoxic effects on seeds. The bacterial communities were dominated by typical members of the gastrointestinal tract, noting the presence of pathogenic bacteria. Soils subjected to poultry manure applications showed statistically higher values of Total and Extractable phosphorous, increasing the risk of eutrophication. Moreover, while the soil bacterial community remained dominated by the ones related to the biogeochemical cycles of nutrients and plant growth promotion, losses of alpha diversity were observed on treated soils. Altogether, our work would contribute to understand the effects of common local agricultural practices and support the adoption of waste treatment process in compliance with environmental sustainability guidelines.
The changing landscape of immune cells in the fetal mouse testis
Authors: Hosseini Samira , Moody Sarah C , Fietz Daniela , Indumathy Sivanjah , Schuppe Hans-Christian , Hedger Mark P , Loveland Kate L
Published: April 2022

Fetal testis growth involves cell influx and extensive remodeling. Immediately after sex determination in mouse, macrophages enable normal cord formation and removal of inappropriately positioned cells. This study provides new information about macrophages and other immune cells after cord formation in fetal testes, including their density, distribution, and close cellular contacts. C57BL6J mouse testes from embryonic day (E) 13.5 to birth (PND0), were examined using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR to identify macrophages (F4/80, CD206, MHCII), T cells (CD3), granulocytes/neutrophils (Ly6G) and germ cells (DDX4). F4/80+ cells were the most abundant, comprising 90% of CD45+ cells at E13.5 and declining to 65% at PND0. Changes in size, shape and markers (CD206 and MHCII) documented during this interval align with the understanding that F4/80+ cells have different origins during embryonic life. CD3+ cells and F4/80−/MHCII+ were absent to rare until PND0. Ly6G+ cells were scarce at E13.5 but increased robustly by PND0 to represent half of the CD45+ cells. These immunofluorescence data were in accord with transcript analysis, which showed immune marker mRNAs increased with testis age. F4/80+ and Ly6G+ cells were frequently inside cords adjacent to germ cells at E13.5 and E15.5. F4/80+ cells were often in clusters next to other immune cells. Macrophages inside cords at E13.5 and E15.5 (F4/80Hi/CD206+) were different than macrophages at PND0 (F4/80Dim/CD206−), indicating they have distinct origins. This histological quantification coupled with transcript information identifies new cellular interactions for immune cells in fetal testis morphogenesis and highlights new avenues for studies of their functional significance.
The targets of aspirin in bladder cancer: Bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Li Xiao , Tai Yanghao , Liu Shuying , Gao Yating , Zhang Kaining , Yin Jierong , Zhang Huijuan , Wang Xia , Li Xiaofei , Zhang Dongfeng
Published: April 2022

Background: The anti-carcinogenic properties of aspirin have been observed in some solid tumors. However, the molecular mechanism of therapeutic effects of aspirin on bladder cancer is still indistinct. We introduced a bioinformatics analysis approach, to explore the targets of aspirin in bladder cancer (BC).Methods: To find out the potential targets of aspirin in BC, we analyzed direct protein targets (DPTs) of aspirin in Drug Bank 5.0. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and signaling pathway of aspirin DPTs were then analyzed subsequently. A detailed analysis of the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway has shown that aspirin is linked to BC. We identified overexpressed genes in BC comparing with normal samples by Oncomine and genes that interlinked with aspirin target genes in BC by STRING. Results: Firstly, we explored 16 direct protein targets (DPT) of aspirin. We analyzed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and signaling pathways of aspirin DPT. We found that aspirin is closely associated with a variety of cancers, including BC. Then, we classified mutations in 3 aspirin DPTs (CCND1, MYC and TP53) in BC using the cBio Portal database. In addition, we extracted the top 50 overexpressed genes in bladder cancer by Oncomine and predicted the genes associated with the 3 aspirin DPTs (CCND1, MYC and TP53) in BC by STRING. Finally, 5 exact genes were identified as potential therapeutic targets of aspirin in bladder cancer.Conclusion: The analysis of relevant databases will improve our mechanistic understanding of the role of aspirin in bladder cancer. This will guide the direction of our next drug-disease interaction studies.
Study on hyperlipidemia mechanism of lotus leaves by Network pharmacology and Molecular docking
Authors: ZHANG yanan
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveBased on network pharmacology and molecular docking, analyzing the mechanism of lotus leaves regulating hyperlipidemia.MethodsThe main active chemical components and targets of lotus leaves were obtained though the TCMSP database and screened by ADME; The main targets of hyperlipidemia were obtained by Genecards, OMIM, TTD and DRUGBANK databases; Protein interactions were analyzed through the STRING database; Finding potential protein functions by constructing a PPI network; Metascape software was used to analyze “drug-component-target” and the biological processes and pathways involved. Build a“lotus leaves component-hyperlipemia target” network though Cytoscape3.7.1 software. Molecular docking verification was performed by Autodocktools software.ResultsThe main active ingredients of lotus leaves regulation of hyperlipidemia are Quercetin, Kaempferol, Isorhamnetin, etc.; The main targets are TNF, IL1B, IFNG, IL-6, CCL2, ICAM1, MAPK14, CXCL8, SELE, VCAM1, AKT1, FOS, IL-10,etc.; The biological pathway of lotus leaves regulating hyperlipidemia mainly acts on HIF-1 signaling pathway, Apelin signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, etc. The functions are mainly to regulate hormone response, cell response to lipid, inflammatory response, smooth muscle cell proliferation response, etc. The binding energy of molecular docking is <-5KJ/mol (-1.2KJ/mol), indicating that the target and the composition are more binding.ConclusionThe preliminary study shows that lotus leaves regulation of hyperlipidemia have a multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism, which provides data basis for traditional Chinese medicine to regulate hyperlipidemia.
Transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood from German Shepherd dogs with osteoarthritis for identification of diagnostic biomarkers
Authors: Garces Gabriela Rudd , Vercellini Rosario , Arias Daniel Osvaldo , García Pilar Peral , Padula Gisel , Giovambattista Guillermo
Published: April 2022

Canine forms of osteoarthritis (OA) are very similar to those in humans and represent a welfare problem in the dog world population. In this study, we investigated the transcriptomic profile of peripheral blood in German Shepherd dogs with OA in order to identify putative diagnosis biomarkers. The bulk RNA-seq experiment was performed in a cohort of 12 adult dogs, 5 OA-affected and 7 unaffected. Radiographs of the affected dogs revealed signs of progressive OA in hip, elbow and stifle joints. The expression analysis showed 171 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 113 were upregulated and 58 were downregulated compared to control dogs P (< 0.01). This pool of genes was functional annotated for signaling pathways using PANTHER tools. No overrepresented pathways were found. To gain further insights of the functional role of the DEGs in OA, we set a threshold of log2FoldChange value between -1.5 and 1.5. We ended up with 24 top up- and downregulated transcripts. Prioritization of these DEGs according to their known functional knowledge, revealed five possible candidates for OA biomarkers. The downregulated OSCAR gene encodes the osteoclast associated Ig-like receptor, which is involved in osteoclastogenesis regulation and bone homeostasis. In addition, the upregulated microRNA MIR339-1 and ncRNAs: LOC106559235 (downregulated), LOC102156762 (downregulated) and LOC111096460 (upregulated) are regulatory sequences, stable for gene profiling assessment in blood and related to OA pathogenesis regulation. We suggest OSCAR as the more likely candidate biomarker for OA diagnosis in dogs and, provide evidence of new circulating regulatory sequences differentially expressed in canine OA.
Relief Effects of Laoshan Cherry extracts as a Dietary Supplement against the Symptoms of Acute Gouty Arthritis in Rats induced by Urate Crystals
Authors: Guo Jiamin , Sun Daqing , Xu Xiaoxiao , Liu Pei , Sun Haixin
Published: April 2022

We evaluated the effects of Laoshan cherry as a food or dietary supplement on relieving the symptoms of acute gouty arthritis in rats induced by urate crystals. Rats in groups of 10 were given Laoshan cherry functional extracts by oral gavage for 21 days and then injected with a sodium nitrate suspension in the rear leg ankle area as an induced acute gouty arthritis model. The ankle swelling for the model (no treatment) group increased significantly (P＜0.05) compared with blank group and experimental groups receiving 3 different doses of cherry extract; the latter displayed significantly less swelling (P＜0.05). Additionally, inflammation of rat ankles were also significantly less for the rats receiving the cherry extracts. Serum uric acid and xanthine oxidase activity also elevated in the model group and these parameters were significantly less in the rats receiving the cherry extracts. The serum levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β were significantly (P<0.05) increased for the model group and was decreased significantly (P<0.05) according to cherry extract dose. These results demonstrated that the cherries possess a functional substance that possessed a significant alleviating effect on the symptoms of gouty arthritis in rats induced by sodium urate injection.
Effect of Particle Breakage on Strength Characteristics of Limestone Aggregate
Authors: Alhani Israa , Albadri Wael M. , N Mohd Jamaludin Md , LIM Sin Mei , Alwash Adam
Published: April 2022

Particle breakage is one of the issues that significantly affect the strength characteristics of aggregate. In this paper, the strength of pre-crushed limestone aggregate was evaluated through investigating the friction angle, stress-strain behaviour, and single-particle strength. The particle breakage phenomenon was studied for samples prepared at different conditions, including non-soaked samples, water-soaked samples, and acid-soaked samples. The purpose of preparing the samples at different conditions was to simulate the effect of environmental factors on the breakage behaviour of limestone aggregate. The test program of this paper consists of two phases of triaxial tests: the initial shearing and second shearing. The test results showed remarkable variations among the samples since limestone aggregate tended to experience more particle breakage after being soaked in water and acid solution. Also, the volume change results exhibited an increase in dilation as the breakage index increases. The test results of this study presented the importance of considering the role of environmental factors in evaluating the particle breakage of limestone aggregate.
mir-301b-5p regulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through TXNIP/NLRP3 to reduce the occurrence of anorectal malformations in rats
Authors: shen miao , Liu Dan , Cao Zhengnong , Ge Wu , Lian Peng , Jia Huimin
Published: April 2022

Background To detect the expression of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes and the spatiotemporal changes in mir-301b-5p expression during the anorectal development in normal and ARM fetal rats, and their potential association with anorectal malformations (ARMs).Methods Sixty pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal (administered normal saline) and ARM groups (administered ethylene thiourea). We used immunohistochemistry, western blotting, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect the expression of proteins and miRNAs on gestational day (GD)14–GD16. According to the TargetScan, TXNIP is the target of mir-301b-5p and the combination of the two is verified by dual luciferase assay. PCR, western blotting, CCK-8 assay, and ELISA to verify the possible regulatory mechanisms in IEC-6 cells. Results Compared with those in the normal group, the expression of NLRP3 inflammasomes increased on GD15 and GD16 in ARM fetal mice, whereas the expression of mir-301b-5p decreased and was related to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. Overexpression of mir-301b-5p inhibited the expression of NLRP3/caspase-1 and decreased the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 compared with NC group. The dual luciferase test verified that TXNIP is the target of mir-301b-5p. si-TXNIP inhibits the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and reduces the expression of β-catenin.Conclusion mir-301b-5p negatively regulates TXNIP/NLRP3 axis, which regulate the wnt/β-catenin pathway in ARMs.
Pathophysiological crosstalk between migraine aura and epilepsy: Effect of lomerizine hydrochloride
Authors: Fujita Kazuki , Shibata Mamoru , Maruki Yuichi , Sakai Fumihiko
Published: April 2022

Background: Migraine and epilepsy are comorbid diseases. Although they are independent clinical entities, we experienced a case of migraine complicated with epilepsy that exhibited unique temporary changes in clinical manifestation.Case presentation: A 29-year-old woman previously diagnosed with both migraine with aura and epilepsy visited our hospital complaining of unusual headaches. In her 20’s, the prodromal symptoms changed from typical scintillating scotoma lasting 20 minutes to moving lights against deja-vu scenery lasting 1-2 minutes. Then, loss of consciousness and urinary incontinence after headaches began to occur. Even generalized convulsion occurred. Considering the clinical symptoms, her headache was thought to be changed from migraine with typical aura to headache attributed to epileptic seizure. Administration of lomerizine hydrochloride decreased her headache attacks, urinary incontinence and loss of consciousness, and seizure.Conclusions: We report a patient with migraine and epilepsy who was successfully treated with lomerizine hydrochloride, an analog of flunarizine hydrochloride widely used in Japan. There may be mutual crosstalk between migraine and epilepsy. Lomerizine hydrochloride may have the efficacy of alleviating migraine and epilepsy.