bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Informed Consent on Therapeutic Transaction As a Protection of Legal Relationship Between a Doctor and Patient
Authors: Mayasari Dian Ety
Published: July 2017

Persetujuan pasien atau keluarga pasien sangat dibutuhkan dokter sebelum dilakukannya tindakan medis oleh dokter, namun sebelumnya pasien atau keluarga pasien membutuhkan informasi dari dokter atau disebut informed consent terkait tindakan medis tersebut. Transaksi terapeutik yang dilakukan dokter bisa terjadi setelah informed consent diterima oleh pasien. Hal ini menjadi bagian dalam hukum Perdata karena terjadinya transaksi terapeutik berdasarkan dari perjanjian yang akhirnya menimbulkan hak dan kewajiban pada dokter dan pasien sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 1330 KUHPerdata.Kata Kunci : Dokter, Pasien, Tindakan Medis.
Novel high-pressure turbine purge control features for increased stage efficiency
Authors: Schädler Rainer , Kalfas Anestis I. , Abhari Reza S. , Schmid Gregor , auf dem Kampe Tilmann , Prabhu Sanjay B.
Published: July 2017

Rim seals throttle flow and have shown to impact the aerodynamic performance of gas turbines. The results of an experimental investigation of a rim seal exit geometry variation and its impact on the high-pressure turbine flow field are presented. A one-and-a-half stage, unshrouded and highly loaded axial turbine configuration with 3-dimensionally shaped blades and non-axisymmetric end wall contouring has been tested in an axial turbine facility. The exit of the rotor upstream rim seal was equipped with novel geometrical features which are termed as purge control features (PCFs) and a baseline rim seal geometry for comparison. The time-averaged and unsteady aerodynamic effects at rotor inlet and exit have been measured with pneumatic probes and the fast-response aerodynamic probe (FRAP) for three rim seal purge flow injection rates. Measurements at rotor inlet and exit reveal the impact of the geometrical features on the rim seal exit and main annulus flow field, highlighting regions of reduced aerodynamic losses induced by the modified rim seal design. Measurements at the rotor exit with the PCFs installed show a benefit in the total-to-total stage efficiency up to 0.4% for nominal and high rim seal purge flow rates. The work shows the potential to improve the aerodynamic efficiency by means of a well-designed rim seal exit geometry without losing the potential to block hot gas ingestion from the main annulus.
ANTARA ADAT DAN SYARIAT (Studi Tentang Tradisi Mandi Safar di Tasik Nambus, Riau, ditinjau dari Perspektif Islam)
Authors: Khoiri Khoiri
Published: July 2017

This research paper is aimed to analyze the tradition of Safar Bathing in Lake Nambus according to the Islamic perspective. This is a field research conducted at Tanjung Darul village, Tebing Tinggi Sub-District, Meranti Islands Regency, Riau Province. The research found that Safar Bathing is not stated in the Nash (Quran and Hadist). One additional reference claimed by the local residents in preserving this tradition is that of Sheikh Syafruddin argument in his book entitled "Ta'liqah", saying that on the night of last Wednesday of Month Shafar in Islamic calendar, Allah revealed 12,000 kinds of misfortunes. Therefore, to avoid this, he wrote seven verses of Al-Qu'ran, drank and bathed with the intention to gain favor and blessings from God. There are some values that can be learned even from Safar Bathing tradition as a form of enriching and preserving indigenous custom. The villagers claimed that it has indirectly popularized Darul Tanjung Takzim as a tourist destination, strengthened the kinship and friendship with others and respected their local leaders and authorities as they once did.
Fertility of boars - what is important to know
Authors: Savic Radomir , Marcos Raquel , Petrovic Milica , Radojkovic Dragan , Radovic Cedomir , Gogic Marija
Published: July 2017

The most important part in reproductive management is the control of boar
fertility. A common division of fertility traits is on the: in vitro (sperm
traits) and in vivo (return rate, farrowing rate and litter size traits)
fertility. In many studies were found differences between breed in the both
groups of fertility traits. Variability of sperm traits of boars during the
reproductive exploitation is influenced by various genetic (boar, breed) and
paragenetic factors/effects (age, season, intensity of use). Good libido is
desirable characteristics in boars, but the knowlegde of the correlation of
libido and boar fertility traits are limited. Also, there is no standardised
procedure or methods for the estimation of libido of the boars. The
permanent ranking of boars according to the reproductive efficiency should
be performing. Good reproductive management implies the timely
identification of boars with the low fertility (or close to the average).
Effect of extruded flaxseed enriched diet on physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of broiler meat
Authors: Zivkovic Dusan , Lilic Slobodan , Stajic Slavisa , Vranic Danijela , Trbovic Dejana , Stanisic Nikola
Published: July 2017

The aim of this experiment was to examine the effect of the addition of
extruded flaxseed to chicken feed on physico-chemical and sensory
characteristics of breast and leg-thigh meat. The basic chemical composition,
pH value, instrumental colour and sensory characteristics of white (breast)
and dark meat (leg-thigh) were examined by feeding two groups (both
comprising males and females) of 500 Ross 308 hybrid line chickens by
standard feed (control group) and with the addition of 6% of extruded
flaxseed mixture (experimental group). Instrumental characteristics of colour
were changed, especially in white meat. Both breast muscles of male broilers
were significantly lighter, but a* values were significantly lower in m.
pectoralis profundus and b* values higher in m. pectoralis superficialis of
both genders. In dark meat, a* values were significantly lower in the meat of
males, while b* values were higher in the meat of females. The addition of
extruded flaxseed to chicken feed did not led to significant changes in the
sensory characteristics of meat.
Protein fractions of intercropped pea and oat for ruminant nutrition
Authors: Markovic Jordan , Blagojevic Milomer , Kostic Ivica , Vasic Tanja , Andjelkovic Snezana , Petrovic Mirjana , Djokic Dragoslav
Published: July 2017

The quantification of the main crude protein (CP) fractions during the
growing period of pea and oat mixtures may be used to optimize the forage
management. The determination of protein fraction could improve balancing
rations for ruminants. The first factor (A) is ratio of germinated seed in
mixtures. The pea and oat were tested at two different mixture rates: A1 ?
50% pea + 50% oat and A2 ? 75% pea + 25% oat. The second factor (B) is a
cutting time in three stages of growth: B1 ? a cutting of biomass at the
start of flowering pea (10% of flowering), B2 ? a cutting of biomass at
forming the first pods on 2/3 plants of pea, and B3 ? cutting of biomass at
forming green seeds in 2/3 pods. Stage of growth and pea-oat ratio in
mixtures are significantly related to the change in the quality and chemical
composition of biomass. The highest level of crude protein was obtained in
pea at flowering stage (184.85 g kg-1 dry matter (DM)). The high level of
easily soluble protein and non-protein nitrogen compounds (over 50%)
represent specific characteristics of the mixture. Unavailable fraction PC
increased with plant maturation from 75.65 to 95.05 g kg-1 of CP.
Morphological characterization and wing description of Vespa orientalis orientalis queens
Authors: Abou-Shaara Hossam
Published: July 2017

Oriental hornets, Vespa orientalis, are dangerous enemy to bee colonies in
some countries of the world. There are more than one subspecies of V.
orientalis. Few studies have investigated the morphological characteristics
of these subspecies. Morphological characterization can help in confirming
and discriminating between the subspecies, and to follow any changes in their
morphology over time. In this study, some body characteristics of V.
orientalis orientalis queens from Egypt were measured including head width,
fore wing length and width, hind wing length and width, femur length, tibia
length and approximate stinger length. Also, fore wing characteristics using
wing coordinates for 20 landmarks were studied. Computer based techniques
were applied to take these measurements. The data of the current study can be
utilized for comparisons with other subspecies.
The role of remittances in the stability of money demand in Pakistan: A cointegration analysis
Authors: Ghumro Niaz , Abd Karim
Published: July 2017

The paper examines the dynamic relationship between the series of monetary
aggregates M1 and M2 for the period 1972-2014. M1 and M2 are the dependent
variables, while the explanatory variables are real income, discount rate,
inflation rate, real exchange rate, and remittances. The ARDL bounds testing
approach to cointegration is used to investigate the existence of long-run
and short-run effects of remittances on monetary aggregates. The results
show that remittances exert only positive effects on real narrow money
demand in the end, suggesting that in Pakistan remittances are used for the
purpose of consumption. Both money demand functions are stable in Pakistan,
but the longrun effect of M1 remittances is a faster speed of adjustment to
equilibrium (26.2%) than M2 remittances (21.3%). It is recommended that M1
be used as a monetary tool in Pakistan.
Monitoring the quality of oral health among the population of schoolchildren
Authors: Vasiljevic Sladjana , Cvetkovic Aleksandra
Published: July 2017

Introduction. Improvement of the quality of dental care is necessary for
efficient prevention of oral diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze:
the efficiency of the recommended work quality parameters in the Dental
Health Care Service of the Health Center Zemun in 2014 and 2015; compare 7-
and 12-year-olds in terms of having all healthy teeth and topical application
of fluoride; presence of orthodontic anomalies in 12- and 14-year-olds, and
assess the caries index (decayed-missing-filled teeth) in 12-year-old
children. Material and Methods. The retrospective study included 7-, 12-,
14-, and 18-year-olds and assessed their oral health in 2014 (n = 4.317) and
2015 (n = 6.575). Results. A higher percentage of examinees kept their dental
appointments in 2015 than in 2014 (82% and 60%, respectively). Out of 3.723
seven-year-olds, 36.6% had all healthy teeth, as well as 43.69% out of 3.170
of 12-year-olds. Out of 3.723 seven-year-olds, 65.26% had topical application
of fluoride, as well as 78.73% out of 3.170 of twelve-year-olds. High
percentages of orthodontic anomalies were found in both fourteen and
eighteen-year-olds in 2015 (p<0.05). The average decayed-missing-filled teeth
index in twelve-year-olds was 1.30 in 2014 and 1.68 in 2015. Conclusion. A
higher percentage of all healthy teeth, and of topical application of
fluoride in twelve-year-olds compared to the seven-year-olds, indicates that
seven-year-olds keep their dental appointments more regularly, and
consequently the prevention of oral diseases is more successful. Since the
presence of orthodontic anomalies is high in both fourteen and
eighteen-year-olds, and fewer children of both age groups respond to regular
dental checkups, an intensified prevention of oral diseases is necessary in
children.
Dietary regimens for persons with type 2 diabetes: Recommendations, issues and potential solutions
Authors: Stanojevic Vojislav , Jevtic Marija
Published: July 2017

Introduction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a global public health problem.
Altered dietary habits and modern lifestyle lead to obesity and insulin
resistance, the main factors in the pathogenesis of this disease. Dietary
Regimens for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. There is no consensus on the most
appropriate dietary therapy for glycemic control and long-term weight loss.
Individualized approach, based on metabolic needs and goals of each patient,
is recommended. Because of the relationship between the body mass and insulin
resistance, permanent weight loss is the strategy recom?mended to obese
patients with diabetes. Permanent weight loss is achieved by reducing caloric
intake and increased physical activity. Issues. Although careful nutrition is
an essential control element of this disease, most patients with type 2
diabetes mellitus consider dietary recommendations too restrictive and reject
them, leading to poor glycemic control in over 60% of patients. The feeling
of frustration and hopelessness, fear that they will be deprived of their
favourite foods, fear that treatment of diabetes will negatively affect their
social life, lead to escapism into forbidden foods. Potential solutions.
Understanding, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of patients about the
importance of dietary regimens in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
are crucial in the new approach of education and public health policies that
will support wider acceptance of dietary habits and lead to a better control
of the disease. Providing more quality time between doctors and patients for
better communication is part of this comprehensive approach, which is the
only way to stop the global epidemic of type 2 diabetes.
Credit Default Swaps on Corporate Debt and the Pricing of Audit Services
Authors: Du Lijing , Masli Adi , Meschke Felix
Published: July 2017

Previous studies document that lenders lack incentives to monitor borrowing firms or to make concessions during bankruptcy if these lenders insure against corporate default with credit default swaps (CDS). This article investigates whether external auditors increase their audit fees for those client firms that have their debt referenced by CDS. In a comprehensive sample of U.S. companies from 2001–2015, we find that CDS-referenced companies incur larger audit fees compared to companies without CDS. The economic magnitude of the audit fee increase ranges from 5.4 percent to 11 percent, depending on the econometric specification employed. Deteriorating corporate conditions or other observable characteristics do not explain the positive association between CDS trading and audit fees, or the increase in audit fees following CDS initiations. The findings suggest that auditors increase their professional skepticism and monitoring efforts of CDS-referenced clients; they might also expect higher liability losses.

JEL Classifications: G10; G30; G33; G34.
Cellular models, genomic technologies and clinical practice: a synthesis of knowledge for the study of the mechanisms, diagnostics and treatment of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Kovalenko V. R , Khabarova E. A , Rzaev D. A , Medvedev S. P
Published: July 2017

Nowadays we approached the turn, when the molecular genetics and the cell biology with its extensive baggage of methods and data, allow us to work with information about nucleotide sequences of whole genomes, to edit the nucleotide sequence of the genomes of laboratory animals and cultured human cells and also explore functions and interactions of genetic elements in health and in disease. The use of these instruments opens up huge possibilities for the study of severe human genetic abnormalities. In various laboratories around world an extensive work is carried out in this area by searching links between genetic elements and diseases, using the latest technology of genome editing and reprogramming somatic mature cells to a pluripotent stem condition. The most progressively developing area of research is the study of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review we discussed about possibilities and problems of using new techniques and instruments of cell biology, genetics and genomics in studying molecular and genetic basis of the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
The modern strategies for working out of transplant tolerance by using blood and bone marrow cells
Authors: Onischenko N. A
Published: July 2017

This review presents analysis of the modern state of transplant tolerance forming problem in recipient organism by using stem/ progenitory cells of bone marrow (BM) and differentiated immunoregulatory (tolerogenic) subsets of blood cells-regulatory B- and T-lymphocytes (Treg), and regulatory dendritic cells (DCreg). It is pointed out that protocols based on the using BM cells, permit to work out the tolerance state and now they are estimate at clinical kidney transplantation, during multicentre investigations. Protocols, based on the using of Treg and DCreg, do note gain the impression of reliable, although at the application of their cells the tolerogenic effect can be obtain. It was given supposition that at using BM cells the forming of steady transplant tolerance state is a result of successive entering of central (thymical induction of temporary mixed chimer-ism) and peripheral tolerance mechanisms. Treg and DCreg induce mechanisms only peripheral tolerance. Combined application of BM cells and Treg permits to increase the terms for maintaining of donor chimerism into all cell lines (incuding Tcells) and transplant tolerance in recipient organism.
Forecasting the impact of increasing integration of renewable sources in the power unbalance during peak and off-peak hours
Authors: Sérgio Faias  , Jorge Sousa  , Rui Castro
Published: July 2017

Environmental  impacts  and  external  dependency  due  to  energy  consumption  can  be  minimized  with  integration  of  renewable  power  sources.  Portugal,  as  well  as  a  number  of  other  countries,  presents  a  sharp  increase  in  renewable  sources  integra-tion,  namely  in  wind,  solar  photovoltaic,  waves,  biomass  and  small hydro. As  all  renewable  technologies  ultimately  derive  energy  from  natural  sources  that  vary  in  their  availability  over  different  time-scales,  the  integration  of  larger  amounts  of  renewable  sources  is  becoming  an  increasingly  important  issue  for  the  needed  balance  of power generation and demand. The  main  objectives  of  this  paper  are  the  settlement  of  a  forecast  methodology to quantify power generation and demand unbalance and  characterize  that  sort  of  unbalance,  specially  focusing  on  the  difference between peak and off-peak periods. Heeding  the  distinction  between  peak  and  off-peak  hours,  the  results obtained show that the unbalance behaviour is particularly distinct in these periods, namely with generation shortage in peak hours and excess of generation in off-peak hours.
Preliminary method for surveying the state of batteries ageing in isolated PV systems
Authors: A. López Agüera  , E. Lorenzo  , Rute Cortizo  , I. Rodriguez-Cabo
Published: July 2017

A battery ageing estimator based on the observed voltage distributions over a one month timescale has been defined and experimentally verified at different set-ups: the 450 PV-stand alone systems operating at the Pierre Auger Observatory and the 40 meteorological stations of Meteo Galicia. The systematic consideration of this indicator has allowed for the detection of prematurely ageing batteries, before they cause a lack of energy supply. This paves the way for a rather simple but still very effective surveillance of the state of health of stand-alone PV systems.
Design of a real prototype of a hybrid fuel cell suv: Vehicle "Hércules"
Authors: P.A. Guadix  , F.J. Pino  , J.J. Martínez  , M.F. Rosa  , E. López
Published: July 2017

Hydrogen is becoming one of the most feasible energy vectors to succeed gasoline as fuel. It has the potential to be obtained from renewable energy sources, having almost a null impact on contamination. Oil wells are drying up and oil does not fulfil the ZEV (zero emission vehicle) program of contamination. These reasons lead to think that oil will pass the baton to hydrogen as the next energetic vector for automotive applications. In addition, hydrogen has the advantage of being used directly in fuel cells which have higher efficiency than internal combustion engines (ICE). Project Hércules consists of the construction of a real sport utility vehicle (SUV) prototype of a fuel cell vehicle (FCV) based in the model Santana 350. It will be fuelled by hydrogen obtained totally renewably by using an electrolyser fed by solar energy. This paper shows, in this framework, all the steps that are needed to be covered to specify the power of the fuel cell, battery and electric motor using the simulation tool ADVISORTM to match the desired specifications.
New better design for water-water heat pumps
Authors: C. J. Renedo  , A. Ortiz  , M. Mañana  , S. Pérez  , F. Delgado  , D. Silió  , F. Ortiz
Published: July 2017

In    air    conditioning    facilities    most    of    the    energy    consumption  corresponds  to  the  thermal  production,  this  being  heat  and  cold.  It  depends  on  many  factors,  one  of  the  most  important  in  the  use  of  more  efficient  devices  (boilers,   chillers   and   heat   pumps)for   supply   thermal   energy. In this work the efficiency of the reversible water-water  heat  pumps  is  analyzed,  proposing  a  new  better  design   that   optimizes   the   nergy   consumptiom.   This improvement  hardly  requires  modifications  at  manufacturing,  therefore, it could be easily developed by manufacturers.
Modifyng modern power systems quality by integrating grid computing technology
Authors: R. Al-Khannak  , R. Al-Khannak  , B. Bitzer
Published: July 2017

The need for reliable, powerful, and clean power generation in power systems is becoming more importance. This need requires geographically-distributed power systems to be integrated as a single entity where among the main features of this integration are large data base and computing intensive. Hence the current power systems are not able to handle this huge datasets required for that integration, Grid Computing is a gateway to virtual storage media and processing power. This paper describes the research work on why grid computing is needed for power systems, what are the major challenges and problem to implement grid computing into power systems, and how grid computing can be utilized to fulfil the requirement for efficient power generation.
Association of PV, gas micro turbine and short term storage system to participate un frequency control
Authors: HERBRETEAU J  , HERBRETEAU J  , COURTECUISSE V  , PENG L.  , Degobert Ph  , ROBYNS B.  , FRANCOIS B.
Published: July 2017

The goal of this work is to propose a supervision methodology for hybrid generation systems. This strategy must improve the grid insertion of renewable distributed generator (DG) by associating them with a short term storage and available decentralized generator (ADG). A fuzzy logic supervisor (FLS) is proposed to maintain a reference power and to contribute to frequency control with a hybrid generator (HG) based on photovoltaic arrays, gas micro turbine and supercapacitors. A detailed method to build this supervisor is proposed. The proposed fuzzy logic supervisor is compared with a basic supervision strategy The FLS gives a better storage management by reducing high and low saturation state, thus the HG can provide a more regular power reserve to contribute to the primary frequency control. The performance of this supervisor is shown with the help of simulations.
Renewable energy supervision and real time production control in Spain
Authors: T. Domínguez  , M. de la Torre  , G. Juberías  , E. Prieto  , R. Rivas  , E. Ruiz
Published: July 2017

The rapid growth of wind power, which has reached 13,908 MW at the end of 2007, along with the installation of other technologies like solar power, mini-hydraulic or cogeneration plants have lead to the consideration of special regime1 generation as another major fraction of the Spanish electrical generation mix. In order to supervise, control and integrate the Spanish TSO (Red Eléctrica de España) has launched in June 2006 the Control Centre for Renewable Energies (CECRE) which deals with the specific challenges of these technologies with the goal of maximizing their production witho
Optimal pumping in a single chamber microbial fuel cell
Authors: A. Ara´ujo  , Maria F. Patr´ıcio  , Jos´e L. Santos
Published: July 2017

In this work we study the numerical behavior of a diffusion equation with a discrete source term and control variables. Our goal is to use optimization techniques in order to obtain a numerical solution that minimizes a given objective function taking into account some restrictions. Some numerical results are presented concerning the application into a model that describes the oxygen concentration in a single chamber microbial fuel cell. These numerical results are used to obtain a continuous approximation with the least-squares method.
Türkiye ve Dünyada Ayva Piyasası
Authors: Şirikçi Bekir Sıtkı , Gül Mevlüt
Published: July 2017

Bu çalışmada dünyada ve Türkiye‘de ayva piyasası irdelenmiştir. Çalışmada birincil verileri, ayva üretiminin yoğun olarak yapıldığı Sakarya, Antalya, Bursa, Bilecik ve Denizli illerinde farklı pazarlama seviyelerindeki 28 aracı işletme ile anket yöntemi ile elde edilen veriler oluşturmuştur. İkincil veriler ise FAO ve TÜİK gibi kurumlarının verilerinden hareketle elde edilmiştir. Dönem başlangıcı olan 1981-1985 ortalamasına göre 324465 ton olan dünya ayva üretimi %94,3 artışla 2013 yılında 630325 tona yükselmiştir. Dünya ayva üretiminde önemli ülkeler; Türkiye, Çin, Özbekistan, Fas ve İran‘dır. Türkiye‘de ayva üretimi, 1981-1985 ortalamasına göre 1.60 kat artmıştır. Ayva üretimindeki bu artışta ağaç başına verimdeki yükselmenin katkısı önemlidir (%40 verimde artış). Dünyada üretilen ayvanın %5,3‘ü ihracata konu olmaktadır. Dünya ayva ihracat miktarı 8,32 kat, değeri ise 38,42 kat artmıştır. Ayva ihracat değerlerinde en yüksek paya Hollanda sahiptir (%33,6‘sı). Hollanda‘yı sırasıyla Türkiye, Avusturya ve İran takip etmektedir. Türkiye‘nin dünya ihracat değerindeki payı ise %31,1‘dir. Dünya ayva ithalatında %23,3 pay ile Rusya birinci sıradadır. Rusya‘yı sırası ile Avusturya ve Almanya takip etmektedir. Türkiye‘nin ayva üretiminin %9,4‘ü ihracata konu olmaktadır. Önemli ayva üreticisi iller; Sakarya, Bursa, Antalya, Bilecik ve Denizli‘dir. Görüşülen aracıların 15‘i ayvada pazarlama aşamasında karşılaştıkları en önemli sorunun istenilen zaman, miktar, kalite ve fiyatta ayva bulunmamasını (%54) belirtmiştir.
Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi Düzce Ekolojik Koşulları Altında Bazı Ekmeklik Buğday Çeşitlerinin Yaprak Hastalıklarına Karşı Reaksiyonlarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: Altın Nedim , Güngör Hüseyin , Yıldırım İsmet
Published: July 2017

Bu çalışma, Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi Düzce ili ekolojik koşulları altında 19 adet ekmeklik buğday çeşidinin doğal enfeksiyon koşullarında yaprak hastalıklarına karşı reaksiyonlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine uygun olarak 4 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuş ve ekim işlemi 17.11.2015 tarihinde yapılmıştır. Hastalık gözlemleri ile ilgili çalışmalar; Septoria tritici etmeninin neden olduğu septorya yaprak lekesi hastalığı için süt olum dönemi başlangıcında, Puccinia striiformis etmeninin neden olduğu Sarı Pas hastalığı için çiçeklenme dönemi sonunda, Puccinia recondita etmeninin neden olduğu Kahverengi Pas için süt olum dönemi başlangıcında yapılmıştır. Tarla koşullarında doğal bulaşıklığa göre yapılan değerlendirme sonucunda hastalık oranları belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen hastalık şiddetine göre, septorya yaprak lekesi hastalığına karşı en hassas çeşidin % 60 hastalık şiddeti ile “Bereket”, en tolerant çeşidin ise %14 ile “Aslı” olduğu, Sarı Pas hastalığına karşı en hassas çeşidin %45,4 ile “Tekirdağ”, en tolerant çeşidin %0,6 ile “Midas” olduğu ve Kahverengi Pas hastalığına karşı ise en hassas çeşidin %22 ile “Tahirova” en tolerant çeşidin ise %0,2 ile “Midas” olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen verilere göre septorya yaprak lekesi hastalığına karşı Aldane, Aslı, Konya 2002, Köprü, Masaccio ve Tosunbey, Sarı Pas hastalığına karşı Aslı, Esperia, Kate A1, Karasunya Odeska, Masaccio ve Midas, Kahverengi Pas hastalığına karşı ise Aldane, Aslı, Bereket, Köprü, Masaccio, Midas ve Tekirdağ çeşitlerinin ileride yapılacak ıslah çalışmaları için ümitvar olduğu görülmüştür.
Dioksinlerin Hayvan Beslemedeki Genel Etkileri
Authors: Çalışlar Süleyman , Karaman Mesut
Published: July 2017

Dioksinler; hayvanlarda karaciğer toksisitesine, ağırlık kaybına, bağışıklık sisteminin baskılanmasına, üreme gücünde zayıflamaya, yumurta kabuğunda incelmeye, doğum kusurlarına, kanserlere ve ölüme yol açan kimyasal bir gruptur. Özellikle, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) çok zehirlidir ve üzerinde yoğun çalışmaların yapıldığı çevresel toksinlerden biridir. Yüksek dozları hemen her hayvan türünü etkilemektedir. Dioksinin insanlarda kanser oluşturma riskine sahip olduğu yapılan araştırmalarla doğrulanmıştır. Bu nedenle Uluslararası Kanser Araştırma Kurumu dioksini birinci sınıf kanserojen olarak tanımlamıştır. Dioksinler, yağda eridiklerinden et, süt, yumurta ve balık gibi hayvansal gıdalarda depolanmakta ve mevcudiyetini çok uzun yıllar devam ettirmektedirler. Bu nedenledir ki insanların önemli bir kısmı, hayvansal ürünlerle, hava yoluyla ve deri temasıyla birlikte her gün bir miktar dioksin‘e maruz kalabilmektedir. Hayvan yemlerine ilave edilen organik asitler, pH değiştiriciler nişasta, şeker, bitkisel ve hayvansal yağlar, meyve ve sebze işleme yan ürünleri, kaolinit, rendering ürünleri ile pelet yapımına yardımcı maddeler dioksinlerin kontaminasyonuna neden olmaktadır. Bitkisel orijinli yem maddelerinin hepsinde ve bunların yan ürünlerindeki maksimum dioksin miktarı 0,75 ng toksik eşdeğerliliği/kg‘dır. Bu derlemede, dioksinlerin çiftlik hayvanlarının beslemesine olan etkileri incelenmiştir.
Drug Development of Mefenamic Acid Derivatives as Analgesic by Molecular Approach
Authors: R. Puspaningtyas A.
Published: July 2017

A new compound of Mefenamic Acid derivate, 4-nitrobenzoyl-mefenamic acid has been synthesized by benzoylation
reaction between mefenamic acid and 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride after prediction by in silico study/molecular approach. A
derivative of mefenamic acid (4-NO2-benzoyl-mefenamic acid) has been synthesized for increase its activity as
candidate of analgesic drug/inhibitor COX-2 (Cyclooxigenase-2). This compound has been purified by Column
Chromatography and analyzed using TLC-Densitometry to determine purity with Rf value 0,8. The spot has good purity
and then it was identified this structure using H-NMR 400 MHz and FTIR-KBr. The result showed that this compound is
4-nitrobenzoyl-mefenamic acid (4NBMA). 4NBMA gives white yellow color with melting point 198-199oC. Finally,
4NBMA was tested analgetic activity by hot plate method and it showed that 4-nitrobenzoyl-mefenamic acid has been
higher activity than mefenamic acid.
Economic Sustainability of a New Born State
Authors: Hoti Afrim , Bekteshi Fitore
Published: July 2017

Sustainable development is the concept of a relationship between economic growth and the environment and especially when it comes to a new born country, such as Kosovo. It is naturally important for Kosovo as country, which used to be for a long time with no adequate attention in terms of the economic development under the Yugoslavian political, legal and economic development. Republic of Kosovo is among the richest countries in Europe and wider, seen on the perspective of natural and human resources as well as for geographical position. Nevertheless, the country never had the opportunity to develop itself, using its own resources. Internationally, based on Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights as well as the Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, when speaking for self-determination, apart from politics, these documents include the exclusive rights of nations to develop research as well as to orient its country economic resources and economic agenda. Therefore paper aims to present facts on the implication of domestic and international politics in relation to the economic development of a new born country. The analysis will be focused on the policies of Kosovo, as well as activities undertaken in the direction of building an attracting environment in Kosovo for Foreign Direct and Indirect Investments as well as to incite local and international initiatives for business, aiming the general economic growth and the economical sustainability of the state.
Does Students' Financial Behaviour Differ Based on Their Family Income?
Authors: Nano Dorjana , Llukani Teuta
Published: July 2017

This study investigates the differences on Financial Behaviour among Albanian university students based on their family income. The main objectives of this study are: i) firstly, to assess the level of financial behaviour of Albanian university students; ii) to examine whether the financial behaviour differs based on the level of students family income; and ii) finally, , to provide some conclusions and policy implications with regard to financial behaviour. An instrument comprised of specific and personal questions is administered to 637 students from five public and two private universities in Albania. Factor analysing and Cronbach Alpha test are utilized to assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Data analysis is conducted based on the One Way Welch Anova technique. The outcomes discover that Albanian university students show almost a good financial behaviour which differs based on household income. Students with low or middle family income are revealed to show better financial behaviour in comparison with those who reported to have high level of family income. This study paves the way for future research in Albania and for taking incentives for helping students to shape healthy spending habits.
Population Change and Economic Development in Albania
Authors: Meta Alma , Sejdini Abdulmenaf
Published: July 2017

This paper studies, to what extent have population changes and economic growth have affected each other in Albania. In the last three decades, Albanian economy has been very dependent on population movements. There has been an ongoing debate on the dynamics of economic development and population growth. One theory suggests that fast population growth causes strain on resources that deteriorate the state of the economy. Another theory sees the population growth as an advantage in the long run, rather than a threat. And a third theory suggests that population growth and economic growth do not affect each other.Vector Auto Regression method is used in this paper for data obtained from 1981 to 2013 to estimate the importance of the relationship between the two variables. The data is retrieved from publications of institutions like World Bank and INSTAT. The empirical results state that the relationship between the population and economic growth is existent but weak in Albania.
The Impact of Saving in Personal Finance
Authors: Doda Sanie , Fortuzi Shkelqim
Published: July 2017

Personal finance shows how we manage of our financial resources. Represents our willingness about money and in general money management our economic and financial. This means you need to decide by yourself for your money, to have success. Savings for each case helps us to overcome such crisis in our lives. Saving helps us to overcome significant problems in our lives. To manage our income means to start a journey towards financial freedom. This does not necessarily mean having a luxurious life, but to adopt effective measures of achieving a certain comfort efficient management of money for each individual brings a qualitative growth. Money is a tool, the means by which we support our unique values and priorities. Therefore it is important to create a financial plan, savings strategies. Goals and opportunities for individuals to save are different and it is difficult to find a suitable solution for all. Albania has not started functioning separate windows or agencies that are only in terms of personal finance.
Public Internal Financial Control. Evidence from Albania
Authors: Kafia Almida
Published: July 2017

Public Internal Financial Control (PIFC) was developed in the late 90s as means for Eastern Bloc countries working toward full membership in the European Union (EU) to implement the necessary control systems to safeguard public resources. PIFC is an integral part of the National Strategy for Development and Integration (NSDI). This document, produced in March 2008, replaced the National Strategy for Social and Economic Development and set priorities and medium to long-term targets, strategic objectives for Albania and also includes a set of operating principles to ensure that government policies, planning and their implementation will be carried out in an integrated manner. The aim of this paper is first to list the reasons for implementing a different system and the importance of changing the system to Financial Management and Audit for Albania, and second, to examine, through a comparative analysis, the effectiveness of the implementation of the new system of financial management and control in the public sector comparing the two systems. By giving an opinion on each component of the system, this paper aims at analyzing, in a critical way, elements of the different perspectives of the two systems, their advantages and disadvantages.
The Process of Liberalization of Electricity Market in Albania
Authors: Zogolli Helga
Published: July 2017

The motivation for electricity liberalization differs slightly between countries; however most of the countries share common ideological and political reasons regarding disaffection with the vertically integrated monopoly model of the past and a strong belief that the success of liberalization in other industries can be repeated for the electricity industry. The introduction of competition in the electricity industry has been justified by the perceived benefits of introducing market forces in an industry previously viewed as a natural monopoly with substantial vertical economies. Therefore the motivation behind electricity liberalization is to promote in the long run efficiency gains, to stimulate technical innovation and to lead to efficient investment.First the project is reviewing from the literature, the available information on market power monitoring in electricity markets. There are briefly explained definitions, strategies, indices and methods of mitigating market power as well as the several methods of detecting market power used from market monitors/regulators. After, the general features of the electricity industry are presented briefly as background for the analysis. The main aspects of the liberalization process of this industry and the role it has played in the creation of PX-s is described.
Coordination of Actors, Farmers - Processors and the Social Welfare of the Citizens in Peja
Authors: Kolica Sylë
Published: July 2017

Kosovo society is considered as strong consumer society with the need for liberalization of the labor market, active participation in the process of globalization and the promotion of "knowledge economy". Coordination of actors through associations and other forms of temporary association are prerequisite for enterprises, especially agribusiness related strategies growth and sustainability and being pro-business constitutes an essential condition to be pro-social, aware of the necessity of reconciliation policies free social market. Social Responsibility of enterprises, especially agribusiness Peja defined as a strong consumer, labor market liberalization and active participation of these enterprises with coordination of stakeholders in the process of globalization and the promotion of "knowledge economy". Peja agribusiness enterprises nowadays qualified as a period of liberalization are the first steps to understanding their fair economy intends putting it at the service of people considering the effectiveness of the market and minimal state. So in this case the state local government should create enabling environment for free breathing of these companies which are the only option for the social welfare of the citizens of the municipality of Peja and poverty reduction. The organization and coordination of stakeholders, farmers - among others profit maker also has another important instrument is therefore an instrument of social development under (JMKEYNES) Laissez faire works in these enterprises on the basis of the law of supply and demand, which itself regulates economic life of the citizens of Pec. Specification and focus on specific language variables gives discussed and explained the problem. Search theoretical judged and evaluated as the product of a cultural and institutional dispute.
The Management Process at the Pretrial Stage under Malaysian Rules of Court 2012
Authors: Zakiyy Norman , Hassan Kamal Halili
Published: July 2017

The pre-trial stage requires judicial attention as well as attention from solicitors representing the parties to the action to ensure that cases are managed and disposed within strict deadlines. This study recommends the use of management process activities that are commonly used by business organizations to manage civil cases in the Malaysian civil courts at the pre-trial stage. Therefore, the objectives of this study are; first, to examine whether the provisions under the Rules of Court 2012 are capable of delivering quality service in its role as the fortress of justice and how the understanding of management process can assist in the management and disposal of cases efficiently. The findings indicate that the activities of process management (namely planning, organizing, directing and controlling exercises) can be used as a practical guide for the court managers as well as solicitors acting for the parties to the action to understand the importance of abiding by the provisions of the Rules of Court 2012 so that the management and disposal of cases can be done in an efficient manner. Although this study does not analyze the various process management theories, it is expected that the preliminary findings might enrich present literature relating to the conduct of civil litigation and also provide an insight on possible adoption of a framework to be used as a guide in managing cases under the Rules of Court 2012.
Relationship in Between FDI Inflow and Economic Growth in Kosovo
Authors: Islami Xhavit , Mulolli Enis , Skenderi Nagip
Published: July 2017

This study treats the relationship of foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic development in Kosovo. FDI is considered as an important factor of economic growth of places in development, so rightly the question is asked: “Which is the impact of FDI inflow on economic growth of Kosovo?” This study shows the relationship in between FDI inflow and five macroeconomic indicators that have an important role in economic development of Kosovo such as: GDP, GDP per capita, GNI, Exports, and Balance Trade. The data were taken from World Bank and the statistic agency of Kosovo for 2005 to 2014 period. Pearson Correlation technique was used for empirical analysis that is realized with SPSS v. 21.0 statistical program, the results showed that there is a positive relationship in between FDI inflow and GDP growth, whereas there is a negative relationship of FDI inflow and trade balance of Kosovo. This study arguments what is necessary to be done in leading policies to attract foreign direct investment in Kosovo.
Description of Fiscal Legislation and Changes in Years in Albania
Authors: Xhango Edvin
Published: July 2017

The development of the appropriate tax law was very important but also very difficult for countries coming from a centrally planned economy. In this paper, the author discusses the framework of tax law drafted from 1993 until 2014. In the study we present as the legislation has changed in these years and have influenced legal solutions to improve business data; thus affecting the development of the economy. We have identified legal definitions that provide the right solutions for business as well as for the economy of the state. We have selected the popular items and the articles that encourage business to develop informal economy. For this study is the ratio of Value Added Tax and Income tax on gross domestic product, which from 1998 until 2014 is almost the same. Noting that Albania is the country with the size of informal economy 34-47%, the result is about the legal framework of deficiencies. Given the above results, we have studying business interests to develop the informal economy. For this aid comes in the study of Busato and Chiarini, 2004, by which it can be determined the cost of product development business to the informal economy. Calculations showed that the cost of the development of the informal sector is much lower than the fiscal burden. Based on the results we conclude that the legal framework needed to improved in terms of avoidance of tax evasion opportunities as recognition of all invoiced costs, increasing penalties for not declaring the income and improve the work of the tax administration.
Strategic Management of Small Enterprises in Commune of Peja
Authors: Berisha Ardian , Lleshi Samir
Published: July 2017

This research is realized in city of Peja, a city in the western part of Republic of Kosovo. In this research are included 40 small enterprises (27 in the center of the city and 13 in the periphery). From them 37 enterprises were established from familiar-individual capital, whereas only three enterprises were corporations. This research is led from two correlation hypotheses .The first hypothesis of this research is:”Strategic management has a positive relation with the empowering of the short-term and long-term objectives of the small enterprises”, is made correlative analysis and we have the statistical production [r= .502**, p smaller than .001], which supports the first hypothesis. Thus a genuine strategic management affects in the empowering and the reflection of the short-term and long-term objectives of small enterprises. The second hypothesis of this research was;”Business strategy affects in the rise of financial indicators”, is made the correlative analysis and we have this statistical production [r= -.220, p smaller than .172, a result that is not significant and it does not support the second hypothesis of this research.
The Retention of the Employees as Long as Possible in the Organization, Through Finding the Right Factors of Motivation. Albania as a Case of Study
Authors: Stillo Sonela , Furxhi Gentisa
Published: July 2017

One of the main objectives of an organization is the achievement of productivity, performance and high standards through the efficient use of the human resources and the application of the right technologies for combining the work force with the quantity of work. The job of the staff is done perfectly if you put the right person in the right position, in the right time. But to retain is more important than to employ. A talented employee will never run out of possibilities. The retention of employees is a process in which the employees are encouraged to stay in the organization for a maximal period of time. Even though the retention of the employees is a hard job for the organization, it is important for the organization as well as for the employee himself. If we assure the fulfillment of this important objective of the management of the human resources, thus the preservation of the human capacities, than we are in the right path of minimizing the turnover in the organization. For this to be possible it must be paid maximal attention to the employees, making them feel comfortable physically as well as psychologically in the workplace. Such thing requires the readiness of the organization to motivate the human resources. Exactly, the motivation of the employees is one of the most important factors that help the employer to improve the organizational and the employee’s performance. The purpose of this study is evidencing the main factors that impact the level of motivation of the employees, their retention in the organization and a valuation of the rate of this impact.The data gathered from both public and private sector were analyzed through the software SPSS using the analyze of t-test, frequency, the pearson correlation, density.