bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fürdővárosi vágyak
Authors: Apjok Vivien
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study is to summarize, based on primary sources, the series of decisions made by the management of the town of Makó between 1950 and 1990, which aimed to declare the settlement a spa town. The spa culture of Makó, as the basis of spa tourism, takes place in two arenas: on the coast of river Maros on the outskirts of the settlement and in the thermal spa in the downtown. The relevant decisions and activities of the period are recorded in writing in the protocols of the Executive Committee of the Council of Makó and the minutes of the Csongrád County Water and Sewerage Company, as well as in the register of the Water Directorate - these reflect the institutional attitude. In addition, the period from the 1950s onwards can already be grasped in the form of recollections which complement, nuance formal arrangements with individual experiences and motivations.
Spinopelvic fixation: indications, anatomical and biomechanical aspects and historical development of methods
Authors: Vetrile M. S. , Kuleshov A. A. , Aganesov N. A. , Zakharin V. R.
Published: September 2021

A review of the literature on performing spinopelvic fixation for injuries and various pathologies of the spine and pelvis is presented. The review is analytical in nature and was carried out using databases of medical literature and search resources of PubMed and eLibrary. The following aspects are highlighted: the relevance and indications for performing spinopelvic fixation and its anatomical and biomechanical features. The historical aspects of the development of methods for performing spinopelvic fixation are considered and structured. The analysis of various methods of spinopelvic fixation (using hooks, screw insertion into the S2 sacral wings, L-shaped Luque rods, distractors, transiliac rods, Jackson, Harrington and Galveston techniques) was carried out.  The features of surgical techniques, their advantages, disadvantages and complications are considered.
Use of vacuum systems for early implant-associated infection after decompression and stabilization surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Shapovalov V. K. , Basankin I. V. , Afaunov A. A. , Gulzatyan A. A. , Takhmazyan K. K. , Tayursky D. A. , Tomina M. I.
Published: September 2021

Objective. To analyze the results of treatment of patients with implant-associated surgical site infection after decompression and stabilization surgery performed for lumbar spinal stenosis.

Material and Methods. Results of treatment of 43 patients with early (up to 90 days after the operation) suppuration of the surgical wound after decompression and stabilization operations for lumbar spinal stenosis were analyzed.

Results. A total of 4033 operations for lumbar spinal stenosis with implantation of stabilization systems were performed from 2015 to 2019. There were 43 (1.06 %) cases of early suppuration of the surgical wound with the installed instrumentation. Out of them seven (16.27 %) cases were superficial and 36 (83.78 %) – deep. In all cases, the wound revision, surgical debridement and installation of a vacuum assisted closure (VAC-dressing) were performed. The treatment of superficial suppuration was accompanied by a single installation of a VAC-dressing before wound closure, and in deep suppuration from 2 to 8 (on average 4.10 ± 1.73) VAC-dressings were changed. Wound healing was achieved in all patients within 14–55 (average 29.10 ± 10.06) days. Timely diagnosis of the complication and application of negative pressure therapy allowed arresting the inflammatory process and preserving the implants in all patients with a follow-up period of 12 months.

Conclusion. In the case of development of early suppuration of the surgical wound, the patient needs an urgent sanitizing operation. Negative pressure treatment with VAC-dressings is an effective and safe way to relieve this complication. This method combined with etiotropic antibiotic therapy makes it possible to quickly cleanse and heal the wound while preserving the implanted instrumentation.
Influence of neodymium laser radiation on the frequency of recurrence and continued growth of extramedullary tumors
Authors: Eliseenko I. A. , Struts S. G. , Stupak V. V.
Published: September 2021

Objective. To assess the effect of neodymium laser radiation on the recurrence rate and continued growth of primary extramedullary tumors on the basis of clinical data obtained in the long-term follow-up period in operated patients with extramedullary tumors.

Material and Methods. The long-term results of surgical treatment of two groups of patients (n = 412) with primary extramedullary tumors operated on from 1998 to 2014 were studied and systematized. Patients of comparison group (n = 277; 67.2 %) underwent removal of tumors using standard microsurgical techniques, and the neoplasms in patients of the study group (n = 135; 32.8 %) were removed with additionally used neodymium (Nd:YAG) laser.

Results. The use of the developed laser technologies for the resection of extramedullary intracanal primary tumors made it possible to reliably reduce the relative number of recurrence and continued growth from 11.1 % to 1.2% compared with patients treated with standard surgery methods. The proportion of recurrences was 3.5 %, all of them were detected only in the group with the classical technique of tumor resection (p <0.01).

Conclusion. The use of a neodymium laser as an additional technology to the classical microsurgical resection of extramedullary tumors is effective for the prevention of their recurrence and continued growth.
Hospital mortality in hematogenous vertebral osteomyelitis
Authors: Bazarov A. Yu. , Sergeyev K. S. , Faryon A. O. , Paskov R. V. , Lebedev I. A.
Published: September 2021

Objective. To analyze lethal outcomes in patients with hematogenous vertebral osteomyelitis.

Material and Methods. Study design: retrospective analysis of medical records. A total of 209 medical records of inpatients who underwent treatment for hematogenous vertebral osteomyelitis in 2006–2017 were analyzed. Out of them 68 patients (32.5 %) were treated conservatively, and 141 (67.5 %) – surgically. The risk factors for lethal outcomes were studied for various methods of treatment, and a statistical analysis was performed.

Results. Hospital mortality (n = 9) was 4.3 %. In patients who died in hospital, average time for diagnosis making was 4 times less (p = 0.092). The main factors affecting mortality were diabetes mellitus (p = 0.033), type C lesion according to the Pola classification (p = 0.014) and age over 70 years (p = 0.006). To assess the relationship between hospital mortality and the revealed differences between the groups, a regression analysis was performed, which showed that factors associated with mortality were Pola type C.4 lesions (OR 9.73; 95 % CI 1.75–54.20), diabetes mellitus (OR 5.86; 95 % CI 1.14–30.15) and age over 70 years (OR 12.58; 95 % CI 2.50–63.34). The combination of these factors increased the likelihood of hospital mortality (p = 0.001). Sensitivity (77.8 %) and specificity (84.2 %) were calculated using the ROC curve. In the group with mortality, the comorbidity index (CCI) was significantly higher (≥4) than in the group without mortality (p = 0.002). With a CCI of 4 or more, the probability of hospital death increases significantly (OR 10.23; 95 % CI 2.06–50.82), p = 0.005. Long-term mortality was 4.3 % (n = 9), in 77.8 % of cases the cause was acute cardiovascular pathology, and no recurrence of vertebral osteomyelitis was detected.

Conclusion. Hospital mortality was 4.3 %, and there was no mortality among patients treated conservatively. The main risk factors were diabetes mellitus, type C lesion according to Pola and age over 70 years. There was a significant mutual burdening of these factors (p = 0.001). With CCI ≥4, the probability of death is higher (p = 0.005).
Wielka sztuka niewielkiego narodu: Polska na tle kontaktów literackich Chin z Europą Środkowo-Wschodnią
Authors: Galewska Karolina
Published: September 2021

In 2020, Wydawnictwo Akademickie Dialog published the Polish version of Chiny i Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia. Historia kontaktów literackich (China and Central and Eastern Europe. The History of Literary Contacts) by Chinese literary scholars: Ding Chao and Song Binghui. The book is part of the series Historia Kontaktów Literackich między Chinami a Zagranicą (The History of China’s Foreign Literary Contacts) which aims to become a comprehensive description of China’s cultural exchange with other countries. Volume 17 is devoted to China’s relationships with Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia and Slovenia. In this group, Poland occupies one of the central positions due to, among other, a high interest in Polish history among Chinese intellectual elite of the early twentieth century and among the reformers of Chinese literature in that period. The article discusses the sources of the popularity of Polish themes in the formative period of modern Chinese literature and the reception of Polish literature in China today. It also attempts to familiarise the readers with the themes studied by the researchers, the goals they set for themselves and the methods they used to achieve them, and presents the benefits of publishing the book in Polish.
Przybrany ojciec. Czesław Miłosz w Chinach
Authors: Krenz Joanna
Published: September 2021

Czesław Miłosz remains among the most important foreign authors and literary authorities for Chinese poets. Initially received in China with distrust and uncertainty, then portrayed in the official state discourse of romantic-revolutionary literature as the bard of socialism, Miłosz became the spiritual father of the younger generation affected by the Cultural Revolution and Tiananmen Square Massacre, a witness of the age, and a symbol of intellectual independence and resistance against totalitarianism. After a period of reading Miłosz in terms of ethical and political categories, Chinese reviews and literary texts in the 2010s and 2020s increasingly refer to Miłosz as philosophical and metaphysical poet. This article analyses Miłosz’s reception in China, paying attention to the historical, cultural, and linguistic factors that shaped the assimilation of his work and the values he brought to Chinese poetry.
Solaris and the Dao: The Reception of Stanislaw Lem’s Novel in the Sinophone World
Authors: Wybieralska Zofia Anna
Published: September 2021

The most popular science fiction novel written by the Polish author Stanisław Lem, Solaris, was published in 1961. Although it was translated into English as early as 1970, the book was unknown to the Sinophone readers until 2003, when the first translation from English into Chinese was published, most probably following the popularity of the resounding Hollywood film adaptation from 2002. Still, Suolalisi Xing (which can be translated as ‘Solaris Star’) did not attract broader audiences in China or Taiwan, at least not until the third version of the novel, translated directly from Polish into Chinese, saw the light of day in 2010. The appearance of this translation coincided with the beginning of a New Golden Era of Chinese and Taiwanese science fiction, which undoubtedly had a significant influence on the positive re-reception of Solaris. In the paper, the author focuses on the philosophical aspect of Lem’s work and investigates which themes and concepts present in Solaris caught the imagination of Chinese-speaking readers. The author wants to show how this reception, while coming from a different historical, cultural, and linguistic background, can enrich our understanding of the novel and introduce a new way of looking at the important existential questions stated by the writer.
Old Age as Horror Vision or Comfort Zone in the Late Fiction of Contemporary British Novelists
Authors: von Rosenberg Ingrid
Published: September 2021

Old people have always figured in literature, but the unprecedented and worldwide growth of longevity in the twentieth century has triggered new fictional approaches to the topic of aging. Thus, since the late 1980 s, an ever growing number of established British writers, reaching their own advanced years, have written on age from an insider’s perspective, creating old main characters and focusing on their mental and physical experiences. I have examined six of such novels, published between 1986 and 2019, trying to find out how the authors construct their heroes’ and heroines’ aging selves by imagining their attitudes to certain central issues like time, death, physical decay and human relationships. Of the classical formative categories (gender, class, ethnicity, etc.) gender has proved to be the most essential, especially when it comes to the perspectives on time. While the view of heroes created by male writers remains fixed on the past, often with nostalgia, sometimes with regret, the women authors’ heroines focus on their present situation with a view to the future, represented by children and grandchildren. Class turned out to be a second important category: the (uncontemplated) safe middle-class position of all protagonists appears as an indispensable precondition for the free choice of attitude to the challenges of aging.
Successful pregnancy outcome in patient with cardiac transplantation
Authors: Karcaaltincaba Deniz , Ozdogan Mehmet Emin , Turgut Ezgi , Ozdemir Halis , Tacoy Gülten , Inan Gözde
Published: September 2021

Objectives

The population of female heart transplant recipients of reproductive age is increasing and pregnancy follow-up of these patients is important.

Case presentation

A 30-year-old patient who had a heart transplant due to viral myocarditis became pregnant spontaneously. A close follow-up by a multidisciplinary team allowed a normal pregnancy without maternal or fetal complications and the delivery of a healthy infant.

Conclusions

Successful pregnancy outcomes are possible in women who had a heart transplant. Careful and close surveillance by a multidisciplinary team is mandatory.
Study of the corrosion-inhibiting activity of the green materials of thePosidonia oceanicaleaves’ ethanolic extract based on PVP in corrosive media (1 M of HCl)
Authors: Gaber Ghalia A. , Ghobashy Mohamed Mohamady , Madani Mohamed , Alshangiti Dalal Mohamed , Alkhursani Sheikha A. , Al-Gahtany Samera Ali , Nady Norhan
Published: September 2021

Since the corrosion protection of mild steel samples in corrosive media (1 M of hydrochloric acid [HCl]) was cheap and successful, the ethanol extract ofPosidonia oceanicaleaves based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (P. oceanica/PVP) was analyzed using the weight reduction, the open circuit potential, and the potentiodynamic polarization methods. The obtained results explained that the productivity of hindrance increments had the greatest restraint efficiency of ∼81% at 1,000 ppm, as the concentration of the extract increased. Liable for adsorption as a thin layer on the surface of mild steel to protect it, the creation of kaolin-traced phenolic and polysaccharide compounds was confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. A scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate the inhibitive action ofP. oceanica/PVP against steel in corrosive media and the change in surface morphology was considered. It is presumed that the ethanol removed from thePosidonia oceanicaleaves can fill in as a compelling consumption inhibitor for gentle steel in HCL solution (1 M).
English language education reform in pre-2020 Olympic Japan: educator perspectives on pedagogical change
Authors: Weinmann Michiko , Kanaizumi Ryo , Arber Ruth
Published: September 2021

This paper reports on the perspectives of English language teachers and teacher educators on the most recent English language education policy and curriculum reform in Japan, implemented in preparation for hosting the 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games in Tokyo. Previous research has comprehensively analysed how language ideologies based on national imaginaries, native-speakerism and deficit views of Japanese teachers’ pedagogy and practice continue to frame debates about English language education in Japan. Through select thematic episodes derived from the interview data with English language practitioners located in Japan, this paper brings into focus the views of English language educators who articulated insightful counter-positions to taken-for-granted understandings of effective English language use and teaching. The authors argue that in order to effect a paradigm shift in global English language education, in Japan and internationally, it is important to incorporate a critical examination of teacher perspectives that challenge and augment prevalent tropes about English language teaching and learning. The paper concludes with implications for addressing the policy-practice and theory-practice divides in English language education. It argues that a continued engagement with educator perspectives is an important space for bringing about a transformation of language ideologies and pedagogical change at the grass-roots level of the English language classroom.
Is there a Duty to Prevent Harm in Tort? A Common Law Perspective
Authors: Giliker Paula
Published: September 2021

In this paper, I will examine the extent to which the common law of tort in England and Wales imposes a duty to prevent harm on public authorities and private individuals. As will be seen, the starting point for the common law is that such liability should, in both cases, be regarded as exceptional. This must, however, be weighed against duties to prevent harm that arise under the torts of negligence and breach of statutory duty. Public authorities may also face claims that their failure to prevent harm is in breach of ECHR arts 2 or 3. While the law is complex, this paper identifies three key arguments that explain the current legal position at common law, namely that: (i) tort law should treat private and public parties alike: (ii) human rights claims should be treated as distinct from private law claims and (iii) libertarian concerns signify that a duty to prevent harm should be exceptional and needs to be justified. While these arguments provide both an explanation of and a justification for the current law, this article questions to what extent the treatment of public authority liability may be regarded as unduly harsh on vulnerable claimants.
An uncountable family of finitely generated residually finite groups
Authors: Chong Hip Kuen , Wise Daniel T.
Published: September 2021

We study a family of finitely generated residually finite groups.
These groups are doubles

F
2

*
H

F
2

F_{2}*_{H}F_{2}

of a rank-2 free group

F
2

F_{2}

along an infinitely generated subgroup 𝐻.
Varying 𝐻 yields uncountably many groups up to isomorphism.
Testing of mechanical butt joints in composite structures
Authors: Altan Gurkan
Published: September 2021

As the main contribution of the present study, an I-shaped joining element, which allows the plates used in large composite structures to be joined butt-to-butt, has been improved in terms of load capabilities. It is desirable that the joining zones of composite plates not be visible according to the design of composite structures and the requirements for the desired use in particular. In other words, it is not desirable to create any surfaces that would cause protrusions in the joining zones. The only joining technique that fulfils this condition is the butt joint. Generally, butt joints are performed by bonding. With this technique, it is possible to make a more durable mechanical butt joint using an I-shaped joining element. In this way, instead of bonding butt joints, stronger non-bonding or bonding mechanical butt joints can also be achieved. In this study, the geometric changes in the shape of an I-shaped joining element used in mechanical butt joints and the changes in load-carrying capabilities have been studied experimentally and numerically. Experiments were carried out with tensile, three-point bending and four-point bending tests. The experimental specimens and I-shaped joining elements were cut using a water jet machine. Abaqus finite element analysis software was used for numerical analysis. The numerical data obtained in the study were found to be consistent with the experimental data. The load-carrying capabilities of the joining elements of different geometric shapes were studied numerically and experimentally, and it was found that the ideal element was the joining element with a 60° angle.
Experimental Investigation of the Magnetic Abrasive Finishing of SS310s
Authors: Suganeswaran Kandasamy , Parameshwaran Rathinasamy , Mohanraj Thangamuthu , Meenakshipriya Balasubramaniyam , Nithyavathy Nagarajan
Published: September 2021

Magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF), an unconventional process, enhances the surface finish of a material. The current research focuses on its use with SS310s. The finite element analysis (FEA) result shows the effect of control parameters on the magnetic flux density. In FEA analysis, it was decided to maintain an air gap of 1.5-2 mm and a voltage of 10-20 V. A response surface methodology (RSM) desirability function is used to identify the optimal process parameters. Experiments are conducted for optimizing the process parameters like voltage, rotational speed, machining gap, mixing ratio, and mesh number to enhance the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra). A series of 62 experiments are conducted using optimized process parameters at different levels. Moreover, analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to identify the percentage contribution of each process parameter in %ΔRa and MRR. From this, the mesh number of the abrasives plays an important role in the finishing process owing to the increased number of cutting edges and because of the uniform normal force (Fn) distribution. The optical microscopic image result and the wear test confirms that the surface finish of SS310s has been improved using MAF.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ2-1-((2-ethyl-4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-benzotriazole-κ2N:N′)-(nitrato-κ2O,O′)silver (I)], C13H15Ag1N6O3
Authors: Chen Yan
Published: September 2021

C13H15Ag1N6O3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.0684(6) Å, b = 21.5490(10) Å, c = 9.1728(7) Å, β = 118.101(10)°, Z = 4, V = 1581.2(2) Å3, R

gt
(F) = 0.0425, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0877, T = 293(2) K.
The Cardial–Epicardial Early Neolithic of Lower Rhône Valley (South-Eastern France): A Lithic Perspective
Authors: Defranould Elsa
Published: September 2021

In the lower Rhône Valley, many sites are attributed to the Early Neolithic and dated between 5600 and 4800 cal. BC. According to their ceramic production, they are associated with two cultural facies: the Cardial and the Epicardial. The relation between these two entities is still under debate (chronological, cultural or functional distinctions?). However, little is known about the lithic production of the region since the chipped stone industries are rarely evoked in the socioeconomic and cultural understanding of these first agropastoral societies. The objective of this paper is to propose a regional synthesis regarding Early Neolithic lithic industries, based on typo-technological studies of several assemblages in the Rhône Valley: The Montclus rockshelter (layers 5 to 2), the Baume de Ronze rockshelter, Le Taï and the Aigle cave. These sites are considered to be the key sites for understanding the Cardial/Epicardial complex in this area, but their lithic assemblages have never been thoroughly studied. Special attention will be given to the factors of variability or, on the contrary, to the permanence in the “schema opératoire”and we will propose explanations related to geological, functional, chronological and cultural constraints. We will also focus on lithic blade production made from honey flint and the spacialisation of “chaine opératoire” which could highlight circulation of this raw material and specialised distribution network. Finally, this synthesis is based on a renewed corpus of radiocarbon dates in order to understand this evolutionary dynamic as finely as possible.
Aristotle on Flight: Air as an External Resting Point
Authors: Coren Daniel
Published: September 2021

I reconstruct Aristotle’s explanation for why and how birds are capable of natural flight. For Aristotle, air is a markedly different external resting point in comparison with water and earth, and nature has designed birds so as to take advantage of the unique way in which air affects the inequality between (a) the pushing downward, that is, the downward force and (b) the resistance. My discussion sheds some light on Aristotle’s anticipation of some aspects of modern fluid dynamics and aerodynamics.
Green corrosion inhibitor: Cymbopogon schoenanthus extract in an acid cleaning solution for aluminum brass
Authors: Deyab Mohamed A. , Al-Qhatani Mohsen Mohammed
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to see if Cymbopogon schoenanthus aerial extract (CSA extract) could reduce the corrosion of aluminum brass in acid cleaning solutions in the distillation plant. For this assessment, measurements of weight loss and polarization technique have all been used. We discovered that at 250 ppm, the efficiency of CSA extract was excellent (97%). Polarization assessments confirmed that the organic compounds in CSA extract were effective mixed-type corrosion inhibitors. HPLC and FTIR analysis were used to explore the key chemical components of CSA extract. CSA extract caused the corrosion process to have a higher energy barrier. Observations of SEM and FT-IR spectra confirmed that CSA extract prevents corrosion attacks at the aluminum brass’s surface.
DETERMINATION OF THE EXTRACTION CONDITIONS OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM ARBUTUS UNEDO L. LEAVES
Authors: ALGAN CAVULDAK Özge
Published: September 2021

Extraction parameters in classical solvent extraction of bioactive compounds from Arbutus unedo leaves were studied using a single factor experiment approach. Effects of ethanol (EtOH) concentration (20-100 %), solvent:solid ratio (10-90 ml/g), extraction time (20-100 min) and extraction temperature (15-70 °C) on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) of the extracts were investigated. The optimal conditions were found as solvent concentration of 40 % EtOH, solvent:solid ratio of 50:1, extraction time of 60 min, and extraction temperature of 55 °C. Under these conditions, TPC, TFC and TAA were obtained as 89.58 mg GAE/g dw, 28.62 mg CAT/g dw and 85.25 % inh, respectively. It was found that especially the flavonoid content of the extracts was highly correlated with antioxidant activity under all extraction conditions such as ethanol concentration (r=0.962), solvent:solid ratio (r=0.947), extraction time (r=0.793) and temperature (r=0.935).
Assessment of different markers of ovarian reserve in women with papillary thyroid cancer treated with radioactive iodine
Authors: Adamska Agnieszka , Tomczuk-Bobik Paulina , Popławska-Kita Anna Beata , Siewko Katarzyna , Buczyńska Angelika , Szumowski Piotr , Żukowski Łukasz , Myśliwiec Janusz , Zbucka-Krętowska Monika , Adamski Marcin , Krętowski Adam Jacek
Published: September 2021

Treatment with radioactive iodine (RAI) in women with differentiated thyroid cancer is associated with decreased serum concentrations of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH); however, other markers have not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of RAI treatment on antral follicle count (AFC) and the serum concentration of inhibin B, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and AMH in women with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) treated with RAI. We examined 25 women at a median age of 33 years treated with a single dose of RAI. We divided the participants into women over (n = 11) and under 35 years of age (n = 14). Serum concentrations of inhibin B, FSH, AMH, and AFC were assessed at baseline and 1 year after RAI treatment. We found decreased AFC (P = 0.03), serum levels of AMH (P < 0.01), inhibin B (P = 0.03), but not FSH (P = 0.23), 1 year after RAI treatment in comparison to baseline in the whole group. When we compared serum levels of AMH in younger vs older women separately, we observed a significant reduction of this hormone’s serum level after RAI treatment in both groups (P < 0.01; P = 0.04, respectively). We concluded that RAI treatment significantly impacts the functional ovarian reserve in premenopausal women with PTC.
Retrospective Evaluation of the Pre- and Postoperative Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Mortality in Patients Who Underwent Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: ŞAHIN Aykut , Sisli Emrah
Published: September 2021

Background: We aimed to investigate the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a predictor of mortality in patients, who had undergone on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Methods: This retrospective study comprised of 457 patients, who underwent CABG (323 on-pump and 134 off-pump) between January 2014 and October 2019. Preoperative, postoperative (PO) 1st hour, PO 1st day, and PO 5th day neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios were calculated. The patients were compared, according to demographic, laboratory, and clinical data. A receiver operating characteristics curve was applied to estimate a cut-off value of NLR for mortality.
Results: The on-pump group was older (P = 0.001), had a lower Euroscore II (P = 0.036), had a higher graft number (P < 0.001), intensive care unit stay (P = 0.001), and all PO NLRs, except preoperative NLR. There were 14 (3.06%) patients with mortality. Overall (N = 457), PO 1st hour (P = 0.001), PO 1st day (P < 0.001), and PO 5th day (P = 0.016) NLRs were considerably higher in patients with mortality. While none of the NLRs revealed a significant difference in the off-pump group, PO 1st hour (P = 0.004) PO 1st day (P < 0.001), and PO 5th day (P = 0.007) NLRs were higher in patients with mortality in the on-pump group. The increase in odds ratio of PO NLR was higher in patients with mortality in the overall group of PO 1st day and in the on-pump group of PO 1st hour and PO 1st day. The best combination of sensitivity and specificity was reached at a cut-off value of 6.4 for PO 1st hour NLR and 31.8 for PO 1st day NLR.
Conclusions: As in indicator of inflammatory state, NLR readily can be used as a predictor of mortality. Regardless of the CABG technique used, postoperative 1st hour and postoperative 1st day NLR >6.4 and 31.8, respectively, are highly related to mortality.
The Practical Training of Rural Headmasters in the Way of Mr. Xingzhi Tao in New Era
Authors: Du Yanping
Published: September 2021

Under the leading of a good headmaster is crucial for the development of rural education. For the purpose of developing new rural construction services and “new theories of Xingzhi Tao” for rural education reform in new are, the top headmaster workshop has been established in Tong Fuyong Country. The workshop always adheres to the rural education theory of Xingzhi Tao and functions as the theoretical implementation in contemporary society. This article has listed 4 schools under the guidance of the workshop for examples, which taking the ordinary things as the living textbooks, choosing the school as the developing area, leading the school through concrete measures, and taking the teacher as the core, so as to carry out the combination of the workshop theory and the practical implementation.
Historical Experience and Contemporary Reflection of the Supply Side Reform of Rural Teacher Training in China
Authors: Li Feng
Published: September 2021

The supply-side reform of rural teachers’ teaching is not only a realistic problem but also a historical problem. Based on the historical analysis framework of teachers’ training, the thesis conducted the historical reflection and interpretative analysis of the top-down practice of the supply-side reform during the Rural Teacher Education Movement in China. According to the supply-side reform on rural teacher training, there exist problems such as city-oriented supply structure, disconnected supply system, and upper-dominant supply management. Therefore, it is suggested to getting rid of the homogeneous supply structure, breaking the enclosed supply system, and improving the educational governance paths such as the centralized supply management. Furthermore, the supply-side reform practice of the Rural Teacher Education Movement can provide historical reflection and enlightenment for supply-side reform of rural teacher training, teacher education revitalization and intensive development, and governance modernization in the Post-poverty Alleviation Era.
The Empirical Research on “School’s Out, but Class’s On” in Secondary Vocational Schools under the Pandemic
Authors: Jiang Xielai
Published: September 2021

The outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 was all of sudden, in order to prevent the spread of the pandemic, most cities and countries in China were locked down, also, solutions such as the lockdown of city and village, traffic control were taken, and the collective attentive study was stopped. Under the circumstances, schools came up with many methods to achieve “School’s out, but Class’s on”: Five schools in a city forged alliances to draw on each other's strengths; top Math teachers in different schools exploited or adapted teaching resources to design homework and test; more than sixty teachers answered students' questions online in real-time; teachers chose proper resources for different students to improve their grades; students had online tests and got feedback in time to find their disadvantages. At last, this paper briefly introduces those methods' achievements
Declaraciones de misión de empresas emisoras en la Bolsa de Valores y Productos de Asunción, Paraguay
Authors: Ovelar Fernández Walter Daniel , Riveros Quintana Ricardo Ignacio
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Conocer la calidad de las declaraciones de misión de las empresas emisoras de títulos en la Bolsa de Valores y Productos de Asunción Sociedad Anónima (BVPASA), evaluando los componentes y stakeholders (partes interesadas) existentes en las mismas. Método: La investigación fue de tipo cualitativo, obteniéndose las declaraciones de misión directamente de los sitios web de las 30 empresas seleccionadas. Para conocer la calidad de las declaraciones de misión se optó por el modelo de Pearce y David, empleando el análisis de contenido. Dichos autores refieren que, para ser de calidad, una declaración de misión debe reunir nueve componentes principales. Resultados: Fueron dos: a) el promedio de los nueve componentes presentes en las declaraciones de misión asciende al 37%; y b) la cantidad de stakeholders identificados en las declaraciones de misión es del 24%. Conclusión: Las declaraciones de misión de las empresas analizadas no se adecúan al modelo seleccionado y tampoco mencionan a los stakeholders más importante; por ende, son de baja calidad.
Factores socioeconómicos que se relacionan con la tasa de divorcios de la mujer en el Perú
Authors: Castillo Chiroque Antony Raul Stuardo , Obando Peralta Ena Cecilia , Casavilca Maldonado Edmundo Rafael
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Determinar la relación que existe entre la tasa de divorcio de la mujer y sus diferentes factores socioeconómicos en los departamentos del Perú. Método: La investigación fue de tipo cuantitativo no experimental y transversal; de alcance descriptivo, correlacional y explicativo; como población se usaron los datos macroeconómicos de las mujeres de los 24 departamentos del Perú, información obtenida de las series estadísticas de XII Censo de Población, VII de Vivienda y III de Comunidades Indígenas o Censo peruano de 2017. Resultados: La tasa de divorcio y la fuerza laboral femenina con educación superior tiene una correlación positiva fuerte de 74.80%; Tasa de divorcio y jefa de hogar con alto poder adquisitivo presentaron una correlación directa y significativa de 96.8%; Tasa de divorcio y urbanidad presentaron una correlación directa y positiva de 64.70%. Conclusión: La tasa de divorcio presenta una alta correlación directa y significativa con la fuerza laboral femenina, con el poder adquisitivo y la urbanidad.
Dictionaries Faced With a Nomination Conflict. An Analysis of the Semantic Modelling of the integration, insertion, assimilation, inclusion, acculturation, incorporation Paradigm in Two Universal French Language Dictionaries
Authors: Vadot Maude
Published: September 2021

This article aims to conduct a metalexicographical micro-analysis of a paradigm of French lexemes whose uses have raised socio-political issues for several decades: integration, insertion, assimilation, inclusion, even acculturation and incorporation. While many recent publications bring these terms into play as sociological concepts, or study their uses in political discourse, work on the semantic functioning and uses of these lexemes in other discourses is rarer. However, the recurrent nomination conflict that runs through French public policies on immigration shows that the stakes of these usages remain salient. Do French dictionaries make it possible to grasp the ideological issues raised by the competing uses of lexemes? How do they treat and model the abundance of uses of these lexemes? How are paradigmatic competitors related: opposition, contrast, synonymy, hyperonymy, co-hyponymy? What are the salient semantic features retained in the given definitions?The corpus selected for this study is composed of extracts from two generalist French-language dictionaries, the Petit Robert de la langue française and the Trésor de la Langue Française informatisé. I analyse the production of meaning at work by using a grid with four entries. First, I model and analyze the semantic relations established between the terms of the paradigm, relations which structure the paradigm. I then try to identify the semantic features which are similar or different between the lexemes, thus revealing another type of structure in the micro-system. Last, I work on the collocations and the agentive configurations implemented in the definitions and examples composing each article.All these analyses highlight a defining circularity that hinders a contrastive grasp of the lexemes, in a context where important social and political issues are at stake.
The Official Recommendations Proposed to Replace Anglicisms in the Petit Robert de la langue française
Authors: Niklas-Salminen Aïno
Published: September 2021

The dictionary Petit Robert leads a fight against both the single thought and the impoverished expression by offering a very broad vision of the practices of French. A certain number of anglicisms, very frequent among the new entries of this dictionary, are considered questionable, insofar as the prestige and the economic and techno-scientific power of the United States give rise to a wave of borrowed words, even when the lexicon has suitable French synonyms. The Petit Robert indicates which words in French are recommended by the Commission générale de la terminologie et de néologie to replace the anglicisms. The objective of this study is to observe the English words recently introduced in this dictionary and the different French equivalent terms proposed to oust them. Could the official recommendations supplant the loanwords and become fixed in practice?
Describing and Classifying Shock: Recent Insights
Authors: Long Ashleigh , Yehya Amin , Stelling Kelly , Baran David A
Published: September 2021

Cardiogenic shock continues to present a daunting challenge to clinicians, despite an increasing array of percutaneous mechanical circulatory support devices. Mortality for cardiogenic shock has not changed meaningfully in more than 20 years. There have been many attempts to generate risk scores or frameworks to evaluate cardiogenic shock and optimize the use of resources and assist with prognostication. These include the Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock (IABP-SHOCK) II risk score, the CardShock score and the new CLIP biomarker score. This article reviews the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) classification of cardiogenic shock and subsequent validation studies. The SCAI classification is simple for clinicians to use as it is based on readily available information and can be adapted depending on the data set that can be accessed. The authors consider the future of the field. Underlying all these efforts is the hope that a better understanding and classification of shock will lead to meaningful improvements in mortality rates.
VARIACIÓN ESTACIONAL DE LA BIOMASA DE UN ENSAMBLE DE ESCARABAJOS COPRÓFAGOS (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEINAE) EN UN PASTIZAL ALTOANDINO
Authors: Casas Catherine , Pineda Naydu , Monroy Daniel , Realpe Emilio , Noriega Jorge Ari
Published: September 2021

Los escarabajos coprófagos son excelentes indicadores de la integridad ecológica de los ecosistemas, cumpliendo un rol funcional esencial en el reciclaje de nutrientes, fertilización y aireación del suelo. Sin embargo, se conoce muy poco acerca de los ensambles de escarabajos altoandinos y de su estacionalidad. Por lo anterior, se buscó entender la variación estacional de la estructura del ensamble y su efecto en la biomasa, se escogieron dos pastizales, en la Reserva Biológica Encenillo (Guasca-Cundinamarca). En cada uno se dispusieron diez trampas de caída distanciadas 50 m y cebadas con excremento durante 24 horas. Se realizaron tres réplicas en cada una de las tres épocas estudiadas (seca, transición y lluvias). Se registró una variación estacional significativa, demostrando que las especies están asociadas a la época de lluvias. Se encontraron diferencias significativas para la biomasa entre especies y por época. La especie con la mayor biomasa fue Homocopris achamas. Se evidencia que los ensambles de pastizales altoandinos son poco diversos, debido a la fuerte perturbación antrópica, las presiones asociadas con la altitud y a la misma dinámica evolutiva de estas regiones. La marcada estacionalidad de las especies registradas y la estrecha asociación con la época de lluvias concuerda con el patrón estacional que se registra en el Neotrópico. La fuerte variación estacional de la biomasa puede tener un fuerte impacto en la funcionalidad ecológica y los servicios ecosistémicos en este hábitat. Es necesario cuantificar a futuro el aporte funcional de las especies y su variación estacional, con miras a su conservación.
CONTROL DE Aedes aegypti (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) MEDIANTE ACTINOBACTERIAS FORMADORAS DE BIOPELÍCULAS.
Authors: Bobadilla Alvarez Miguel Constante , Palomino Cadenas Edwin Julio
Published: September 2021

El phylum Actinobacteria incluye miembros productores de compuestos bioinsecticidas. No obstante, la sobreexplotacion de metabolitos derivados de Streptomyces ha conllevado a explorar nuevas moléculas provenientes de bacterias no estreptomicetos para contrarrestar la resistencia a insecticidas químicos en Aedes aegypti. Concordantes con el uso de bioagentes ecológicos, esta investigación caracterizó actinobacterias formadoras de biopelículas con el fin de evaluar su dinámica de crecimiento, actividad larvicida y efectos subletales. La identificación, crecimiento de biopelículas y bioactividades se realizaron por cultivos, análisis de imágenes por fotomicrografía y bioensayos. Los resultados mostraron que las biopelículas pertenecen a Pseudonocardiaceae (PsA1TA) y Corynebacteriaceae (CoA2CA) característicamente dependientes del revestimiento cuticular. PsA1TA coloniza estructuras membranosas de tórax y abdomen con microcolonias aleatoriamente distribuidas que desarrollan a extensas biopelículas mono y biestratificadas, al cubrir cuatro veces la amplitud toracoabdominal (envergadura infectiva entre 1010 µm a 1036 µm). En contraste, CoA2CA envuelve radialmente estructuras esclerotizadas cefálica y anal al triplicar la amplitud de tales órganos (1820 a 2030 µm y 1650 a 1860 µm, respectivamente). Las biopelículas ejercieron mortalidad diferenciada a todos los estadios larvales, no obstante, PsA1TA resultó más mortal y virulento en el segundo estadio larval (58 %-96 horas, TL50: 3,4 días), mientras que CoA2CA lo fue en el cuarto estadio larval (85 %-96 horas, TL50: 2,5 días). CoA2CA indujo emergencia incompleta de adultos farados y despliegue de tarsos curvos en emergentes, además de revestir con robustas biopelículas cadáveres larvarios. Las biopelículas actinobacterianas revelaron ejercer función larvicida y respuestas subletales en A. aegypti.
Histología del desarrollo folicular de híbridos entre Triatoma infestans Klug, 1864 Y Triatoma platensis Neiva, 1913 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
Authors: Fiad Federico Gastón , Carezzano Fernando José , Cardozo Miriam , Rodríguez Claudia Susana
Published: September 2021

Triatoma infestans y Triatoma platensis son especies interfértiles que en ocasiones comparten ecotopos y producen híbridos fértiles naturales. El cruzamiento interespecífico podría permitir la producción de genotipos híbridos capaces de colonizar nuevos hábitats. Por ello, los estudios de aspectos reproductivos sobre estos organismos son de gran importancia. En este sentido la oogénesis, proceso que implica el desarrollo del ovocito y permite la formación de huevos viables, es un aspecto relevante. En este estudio se caracterizaron aspectos histológicos enfocados en el desarrollo folicular de híbridos experimentales. Para ello, se extrajeron los ovarios de 35 hembras híbrido, se embebieron en parafina y colorearon con hematoxilina-eosina. Se caracterizó el desarrollo del epitelio folicular y del ovocito en las etapas de previtelogénesis y vitelogénesis, encontrándose que la oogénesis de las hembras híbrido se encuentra bien definida produciendo huevos viables y que los cambios ocurridos a nivel histológico se asemejan a los registrados en T. infestans.
DESARROLLO Y CRECIMIENTO FEMORAL DE CONEJAS DE LA LÍNEA NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Camal Ruggieri Iván Nadir , Ramallo Melina , Grenón Hernan Gabriel , MARDEGAN ISSA Joao Paulo , Feldman Sara
Published: September 2021

En este proyecto se investigan los cambios que acontecen en el desarrollo y crecimiento de conejos hembras de la línea New Zealand (CoNZ) en sus huesos femorales. Los animales fueron mantenidas en jaulas individuales desde las 2 semanas de edad, con comida  y agua ad libitum y se sacrificaron en tiempos mensualmente consecutivos: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, y 6 meses. Tras la obtención de las piezas femorales, y a partir de estudios imagenológicos se  determinaron los ángulos del cuello femoral (Af), la longitud total (L), la densidad mineral ósea total, del centro óseo y de la metáfisis femoral (DMOt, DMOco y DMOmf respectivamente), analizándose las variaciones intergrupales por el test Wilcoxon, y corrección de Bonferroni. Se realizaron estudios histológicos de los cortes descalcificados de las piezas femorales. Los análisis sobre los Af mostraron un incremento significativo durante el primer mes mientras que L se estabilizó a partir del 4to mes. Los valores de DMOt mostraron un plateau a partir del cuarto mes, si bien las DMOco y DMOmf ya a partir del tercer mes no mostraron incrementos significativos. Histológicamente se observó para el cuarto mes ausencia de las diferentes zonas características del cartílago de crecimiento metafisiario, con presencia únicamente de un pequeño remanente de células condrales. Desde el quinto mes se observa ausencia total de cartílago, con presencia únicamente de tejido osteoide (TO). La interpretación integrada de los resultados nos permite afirmar, que a partir del cuarto mes de desarrollo, el fémur de CoNZ adquiere características compatibles con un periodo de adultez.