bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH MANAJEMEN STRES TERHADAP KESIAPAN PASIEN STROKE DAN KELUARGA DALAM MERENCANAKAN PERILAKU ADAPTIF PASCA PERAWATAN DI RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Hariyati Rr. Tutik Sri , Sumarwati Made , Handiyani Hanny
Published: May 2019

AbstrakSerangan stroke di masyarakat sering dianggap bencana karena menimbulkan kegagalan fungsi tubuh. Hal ini berdampak pada kehidupan biologi, psikologi, sosial, ekonomi, dan spiritual. Stres juga dapat muncul pasca serangan akut stroke berupa penolakan diri, rendah diri, marah, depresi, dan dihantui bayang-bayang kegagalan fungsi atau kematian. Stres pada pasien dan keluarga umumnya disebabkan karena kecemasan dan ketidaktahuan tentang kondisi penyakitnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pengaruh manajemen stres terhadap kesiapan pasien stroke dan keluarga dalam merencanakan perilaku adaptif pasca perawatan di rumah sakit. Desain penelitian adalah eksperimental dengan post test control group di mana pasien dan keluarga mendapatkan manajemen stres yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian dan dinilai perencanaan perilaku adaptif pascaperawatan di rumah sakit. Data primer diperoleh dari 84 responden (42 pasien dan 42 keluarga) melalui kuisioner, pengkajian fisik, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 93,1% partisipasi keluarga dan pasien saat perawatan di rumah sakit nilainya baik, hanya 6,9 % yang mempunyai partisipasi sedang, dan 0 % partisipasi kurang. Perencanaan perilaku adaptif menunjukan 50% mempunyai perencanaan yang baik dan sisanya punya perencanaan yang cukup serta 73,35% responden punya perilaku yang baik dalam mengantisipasi kekambuhan. Perbandingan koping terhadap stres pada kondisi sebelum dilakukan manajemen stres dengan kondisi setelah diberikan manajemen stres dari 78,9 % meningkat menjadi 88,9 %. Responden juga melaksanakan perencanaan perilaku adaptif sesuai dengan kondisinya. AbstractStroke attact is considered to be a serious problem since it affects human biology, psychology, social, economic, and spirituality. Stress after acute attack can be manifested by depression, self-rejection, low self confident, and anger. Many stroke client feel afraid of loss of their functional ability and death. Anxiety and lack of knowledge abaout the disease is a common source of stress. This study investigated the impact of stress management to readiness of client and family in order to plan adapting behaviors after hospitalization. The experimental design with posttest conrol group was chosen. Primary data were collected through questionnaire, interview, and physical assesment from 84 respondent (42 clients and 42 families). Finding indicate that the quality of clients and families paticipation are 93,1% good, 6,9% moderate and none low quality. Half of respondent develop a good plan of adaptive behavior and the rest of them are fair. Majority of respondents (73,3%) constructed a good plan in anticipating stroke recurrent. Coping stress ratio before and after intervention increase from 78,9% to 88,9%. Respondents implement their adaptive behavior plan according to their condition.
PENERAPAN GAYA EDITORIAL “APA” EDISI KE-5 PADA PENULISAN ILMIAH KEPERAWATAN INDONESIA
Authors: Syabariyah Sitti
Published: May 2019

AbstrakSaat penulis atau editor berbicara mengenai gaya pada tulisan ilmiah, maka yang dimaksud adalah gaya editorial, bukan gaya penulisan. Gaya editorial adalah aturan-aturan atau petunjuk penulisan suatu tulisan ilmiah yang akan diterbitkan, sehingga tersaji dengan jelas dan konsisten (APA, 2001). Pemilihan gaya editorial saat ini masih merupakan kesepakatan antara penulis bidang keilmuan tertentu dan editor. Hal penting yang dicermati pada gaya editorial ini adalah keseragaman penyajian komponen-komponen penulisan. Sampai saat ini penulisan ilmiah keperawatan di Indonesia belum memiliki standar penggunaan gaya editorial. Karena penerapan gaya editoral bersifat sangat teknis, maka pembahasan gaya editorial APA ini akan dimodifikasi dan disesuaikan dengan penggunaan ejaan bahasa Indonesia yang disempurnakan. AbstractWhen editors or typesetters refer to style, they usually do not mean writing style; they mean editorial style – the rules or guidelines a publisher observes to ensure clear, consistent presentation of the printed word (APA, 2001). The current choices of editorial style result from concensus between scientific writes of certain fields and editors. The crucial point of editorial style is the uniformity of writing components. Until recently, scientific writing of nursing science in Indonesia has no standard of editorial style. This paper will discuss the APA editorial style with some modifications to keep up with the revised Indonesia language spelling regulation.
HUBUNGAN PERAN DAN FUNGSI MANAJEMEN KEPALA RUANGAN DENGAN KEBERHASILAN PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM PENGENDALIAN INFEKSI NOSOKOMIAL
Authors: Handiyani Hanny , Allenidekania Allenidekania , Eryando Tris
Published: May 2019

AbstrakArtikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang bertujuan untuk membuktikan adanya hubungan peran dan fungsi manajemen kepala ruangan (karu) dengan faktor keberhasilan kegiatan pengendalian infeksi nosokomial (IN). Metoda yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitik secara cross sectional. Responden penelitian adalah total populasi karu rawat inap (N=43) di suatu rumah sakit (RS). Hasil penelitian yang menggunakan force model menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara peran dan fungsi manajemen karu dengan faktor keberhasilan kegiatan pengendalian IN. Dari analisis multivariat tanpa force model didapatkan bahwa karu yang melakukan fungsi perencanaan yang baik berpeluang meningkatkan keberhasilan pengendalian IN 8,997 kali dibandingkan dengan karu yang melakukan fungsi perencanaan kurang baik setelah dikontrol oleh usia dan masa kerja sebagai karu. Karu yang melaksanakan fungsi pengarahan dengan baik berpeluang meningkatkan keberhasilan pengendalian IN 21,411 kali dibandingkan karu yang berfungsi pengarahan kurang baik setelah dikontrol oleh usia dan masa kerja sebagai karu. Rekomendasi untuk pihak manajer keperawatan RS agar meningkatkan peran dan fungsi karu sebagai manajer terdepan di ruang rawat melalui dukungan kebijakan dan fasilitas yang mendukung upaya tersebut. AbstractThis article are study aimed to find the correlation between the role and function of management of ward manager and the achievement of nosocomial infection control activities. The descriptive analytical method with cross sectional approach was used in this study. Total population of 43 ward managers of a hospital as the respondent. The findings with used force model showed that there was significant correlation between the role and function of management of ward manager and the achievement of nosocomial infection control activities. Multivariate analysis without force model showed that the ward manager who performed their planning function effectively could increase the achievement of nosocomial infection control 8,977 times more than the ward manager who did not perform their planning function effectively. Furthermore, the ward manager who performed their directing function effectively could increase the achievement of nosocomial infection control 21,411 times more than the ward manager who did not perform their directing function effectively. Based on the results, it is recommended that the ward manager as the front line of managers in the hospital to improve their role and function in controlling nosocomial infection.
MENDESAIN INSTRUMEN PENGUKURAN SIKAP
Authors: Gayatri Dewi
Published: May 2019

AbstrakPembuatan instrumen penelitian untuk mengukur sikap tidaklah mudah. Cara mengukur sikap seseorang tidak semudah mengukur variabel obyektif yang mudah diukur, seperti mengukur tekanan darah. Tulisan ini bertujuan menuntun peneliti pemula dalam membuat desain instrumen pengukuran sikap serta pengukuran validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Uraian langkah-langkah penyusunan instrumen pengukuran sikap yang disusun secara sistematis dan mudah diikuti. AbstractIt is not easy to design research instruments on how to measure attitudes. To measure a person’s attitude is not as simple as measuring objective variables for example like measuring blood pressure. The purpose of this article is to give guidance to beginner researchers on how to design instrument to measure attitudes, the validity and reliability of the instruments. The steps on how to design the instruments to measure attitudes are very systematically explained and are easily understood.
Trends in the Types of Physicians Performing Partial Foot Amputations
Authors: Renzi Ronald , Ajdari Rodmehr , Bosque Brandon
Published: May 2019

Background:

Partial foot amputations (PFAs) are often indicated for the treatment of severe infection, osteomyelitis, and critical limb ischemia, which consequently leads to irreversible necrosis. Many patients who undergo PFAs have concomitant comorbidities and generally present with a severe acute manifestation of the condition, such as gangrenous changes, systemic infection, or debilitating pain, which would then require emergency amputation on an inpatient basis.

Methods:

The purpose of this study was to track the recent prevalence of PFAs and to investigate the current demographic trends of the physicians managing and performing PFAs, specifically regarding medical degree and specialty. Doctors of podiatric medicine are striving to achieve parity with their allopathic and osteopathic surgical counterparts and become a more prominent part of the multidisciplinary approach to limb salvage and emergency surgical treatment. This study evaluated 4 years (2009–2012) of PFA data from the Pennsylvania state inpatient database in the two most populated areas of Pennsylvania: Philadelphia and Allegheny counties. Statistics on medical schools were obtained directly from the accrediting bodies of allopathic, osteopathic, and podiatric medical schools. The goal of this study was to evaluate the general trends of patients undergoing a PFA and to quantify the upswing of podiatric surgeons intervening in the surgical care of these patients.

Results:

The number of partial foot amputations in the United States rose from 2006 to 2012. Podiatric surgeons performed 46% of theses procedures for residents of Philadelphia County from 2009 to 2012. In Allegheny County podiatric physicians performed 42% of these procedures during the same time frame.

Conclusions:

Partial foot amputations are increasing over time. Podiatric Surgeons perform a significant share of these operations. This share is increasing in the most populated areas of Pennsylvania.
A Review of the Effect of Lower-Extremity Pathology on Automobile Driving Function
Authors: Meyr Andrew J. , Sansosti Laura E.
Published: May 2019

The effect of lower-extremity pathology and surgical intervention on automobile driving function has been a topic of contemporary interest in the medical literature. The objective of this review was to summarize the topic of driving function in the setting of lower-extremity impairment. Included studies involved lower-extremity immobilization devices, elective and traumatic lower-limb surgery, chronic musculoskeletal pathology, and diabetes as it relates to the foot and ankle, focusing on the effect each may have on driving function. We also discuss the basic US state regulations with respect to impaired driving and changes to automobile structure that can be made in the setting of lower-extremity pathology.
Analysis of Insole Geometry and Deformity by Using a Three-Dimensional Image Processing Technique: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Yick Kit-lun , Lo Wai-ting , Ng Sun-pui , Yip Joanne , Kwan Hung-hei , Kwong Yan-yee , Cheng Fai-chun
Published: May 2019

Background:

Accurate representation of the insole geometry is crucial for the development and performance evaluation of foot orthoses designed to redistribute plantar pressure, especially for diabetic patients.

Methods:

Considering the limitations in the type of equipment and space available in clinical practices, this study adopted a simple portable three-dimensional (3-D) desktop scanner to evaluate the 3-D geometry of an orthotic insole and the corresponding deformities after the insole has been worn. The shape of the insole structure along horizontal cross sections is defined with 3-D scanning and image processing. Accompanied by an in-shoe pressure measurement system, plantar pressure distribution in four foot regions (hallux, metatarsal heads, midfoot, and heel) is analyzed and evaluated for insole deformity.

Results:

Insole deformities are quantified across the four foot regions. The hallux region tends to show the greatest changes in shape geometry (17%–50%) compared with the other foot regions after 2 months of insole wear. As a result of insole deformities, plantar peak pressures change considerably (–4.3% to +69.5%) during the course of treatment.

Conclusions:

Changes in shape geometry of the insoles could be objectively quantified with 3-D scanning techniques and image processing. This investigation finds that, in general, the design of orthotic insoles may not be adequate for diabetic individuals with similar foot problems. The drastic changes in the insole shape geometry and cross-sectional areas during orthotic treatment may reduce insole fit and conformity. An inadequate insole design may also affect plantar pressure reduction. The approach proposed herein, therefore, allows for objective quantification of insole shape geometry, which results in effective and optimal orthotic treatment.
Risk Factors for Below-the-Knee Amputation in Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis After Minor Amputation
Authors: Miller Whitney , Berg Chrystal , Wilson Michael L. , Heard Susan , Knepper Bryan , Young Heather
Published: May 2019

Background:

Below-the-knee amputation (BKA) can be a detrimental outcome of diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO). Ideal treatment of DFO is controversial, but studies suggest minor amputation reduces the risk of BKA. We evaluated risk factors for BKA after minor amputation for DFO.

Methods:

This is a retrospective cohort of patients discharged from Denver Health Medical Center from February 1, 2012, through December 31, 2014. Patients who underwent minor amputation for diagnosis of DFO were eligible for inclusion. The outcome evaluated was BKA in the 6 months after minor amputation.

Results:

Of 153 episodes with DFO that met the study criteria, 11 (7%) had BKA. Failure to heal surgical incision at 3 months (P < .001) and transmetatarsal amputation (P = .009) were associated with BKA in the 6 months after minor amputation. Peripheral vascular disease was associated with failure to heal but not with BKA (P = .009). Severe infection, bacteremia, hemoglobin A1c, and positive histopathologic margins of bone and soft tissue were not associated with BKA. The median antibiotic duration was 42 days for positive histopathologic bone resection margin (interquartile range, 32–47 days) and 16 days for negative margin (interquartile range, 8–29 days). Longer duration of antibiotics was not associated with lower risk of BKA.

Conclusions:

Patients who fail to heal amputation sites in 3 months or who have transmetatarsal amputation are at increased risk for BKA. Future studies should evaluate the impact of aggressive wound care or whether failure to heal is a marker of another variable.
Levamisole-Induced Vasculitis in the Lower Extremities: A Case Report
Authors: Nguyen Vi , Dalal Deepal , Razzante Mark
Published: May 2019

Background:

Since 2006 there have been increased reports of severe agranulocytosis and vasculitis associated with levamisole use. Historically, levamisole was an immunomodulatory agent used in various cancer treatments in the United States. Currently the drug is used as an antihelminthic veterinary medication, but it is also used as an additive in freebase cocaine. There are multiple reports of levamisole-induced vasculitis in the head and neck but limited reported cases in the lower extremities. This article describes a 60-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with multiple painful lower-extremity ulcerations.

Results:

Radiographs, laboratory studies, and punch biopsy were performed. Physical examination findings and laboratory results were negative for signs of infection. Treatment included local wound care and education on cocaine cessation, and the patient was transferred to a skilled nursing facility. Her continued use of cocaine, however, prevented her ulcers from healing.

Conclusions:

Local wound care and cocaine cessation is the optimal treatment for levamisole-induced lesions. With the increase in the number of patients with levamisole-induced vasculitis, podiatric physicians and surgeons would benefit from the immediate identification of these ulcerations, as their appearance alone can be distinct and pathognomonic. Early identification of levamisole-induced ulcers is important for favorable treatment outcomes. A complete medical and social history is necessary for physicians to treat these lesions with local wound care and provide therapy for patients with addictions.
Bone Mineral Density Among Men and Women Aged 35 to 50 Years
Authors: Bass Martha A. , Sharma Ankita , Nahar Vinayak K. , Chelf Stacy , Zeller Brittany , Pham Linda , Allison Ford M.
Published: May 2019

Context

Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and has been thought to only be a major health concern for postmenopausal women. However, osteoporosis and its risk factors have been greatly understudied in the middle-aged and male populations.

Objective

To assess the likelihood of low BMD and its association with related risk factors in early–middle-aged (defined in this study as 35-50 years) men and women.

Methods

Eligible men and women completed a questionnaire assessing calcium intake, hours per week of exercise, and other related risk factors associated with osteoporosis and osteopenia. The primary outcome variable, BMD, was attained using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans taken at the femoral neck, trochanter, intertrochanteric crest, total femur, and lumbar spine.

Results

Of the 173 participants in this study, 23 men (28%) and 24 women (26%) had osteopenia at the femoral neck. In men, there was a significant and negative correlation between exercise and femoral neck BMD (r=−0.296, P=.01). In women, correlation analyses showed significant positive correlations between exercise and BMD of the trochanter (r=0.329, P=.003), intertrochanteric crest (r=0.285, P=.01), total femur (r=0.30, P=.01), and lumbar spine (r=0.29, P=.01).

Conclusions

Osteopenia was found in more than 25% of both male and female participants, which suggests that more osteoporosis screening and prevention programs need to be targeted to persons in the studied age group because osteopenia can lead to osteoporosis.
Relationship Between Elevated Automatic Blood Pressure Readings and Manual Blood Pressure Readings in Adult Patients With Normal and High Body Mass Index
Authors: Hussain Munif M. , Solomon Ian E. , Pazdernik Vanessa , Bandarpalle Sushant , Navarro Isaac , Shneyder Tanya , LeBeau Lawrence
Published: May 2019

Context

Discrepancies in ambulatory blood mercury sphygmomanometers pressure readings exist between automated blood pressure machines and manual mercury sphygmomanometers. For patients with elevated blood pressure, consistent blood pressure readings between these methods are important across all body mass index (BMI) levels.

Objective

To determine the relationship between automated and manual blood pressure readings and the effect of BMI in patients with an elevated automated blood pressure reading.

Methods

Automated and manual blood pressure readings (using the same arm) were collected from July 2014 to December 2016 across community-oriented primary care clinics in New York City for a retrospective medical record review. Automated systolic blood pressure (SBP) readings greater than 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings greater than 90 mm Hg were qualifying criteria for a manual blood pressure assessment. The difference in automated blood pressure readings relative to a manual blood pressure reading was assessed overall and for any relationship with BMI using linear regression and analysis of variance.

Results

Data from 281 patients (166 [59%] women, 115 [41%] men; mean [SD] age of 57 [12.6] years) were assessed. For SBP, automated readings had an overall mean that was 8.0% greater than manual readings (P<.001). This relative difference decreased linearly by 2.7 points (95% CI, 1.0-4.4) for each 10-unit increase in BMI (P=.002). For DBP, automated readings had an overall mean that was 4.5% greater than manual readings (P<.001). This relative difference followed a quadratic relationship with BMI (P=.01), where the downward curve peaked at 6.6% (95% CI, 4.5-8.7) for a BMI of 35. When BMI was grouped into 4 categories, (normal weight, overweight, obese, and morbidly obese), morbidly obese patients had a smaller mean percentage SBP difference (4.3% [95% CI, 1.5-7.1]) compared with the other 3 categories (8.6% [95% CI, 7.2-9.9], P=.007). No relative differences between automated and manual methods for DBP were found among the BMI categories (P=.11).

Conclusions

The current study found significant differences between automated and manual blood pressure readings. The relationship of these differences with BMI was also statistically significant, but their clinical significance remains inconclusive. Because manual blood pressure readings may have clinical value when evaluating or treating a patient with elevated blood pressure, better adherence to proper technique may improve accuracy.
Dermoscopy: A Review of the Structures That Facilitate Melanoma Detection
Authors: Marghoob Nadeem G. , Liopyris Konstantinos , Jaimes Natalia
Published: May 2019

Melanoma is currently the fifth most common cancer in the United States, resulting in more than 9000 deaths each year. Despite numerous improvements in the management of advanced melanoma, the cornerstone to ensuring a cure remains early detection. Both patient and physician awareness regarding the signs and symptoms of early melanoma remain paramount. As a result, much effort has been and continues to be expended in developing and refining effective diagnostic algorithms to help identify melanomas and differentiate them from nevi, such as the ABCDE rule (A for asymmetry, B for border irregularity, C for color variegation, D for diameter >6 mm, and E for evolution in lesion size, shape, or color). To assist in the detection of more subtle melanomas requires technology to augment a visual examination. Toward this end, a simple instrument called a dermatoscope has transformed not only the appreciation of the morphology of melanoma but also its growth dynamics. The discipline of dermoscopy has improved the detection of melanoma and other skin cancers, has resulted in the detection of thinner melanomas, and has helped improve the ability to differentiate nevi (benign lesions) from melanomas, which, in turn, has resulted in fewer biopsies of benign lesions. Since patients often first present to their primary care physicians for their health-related concerns, it is imperative that primary care physicians be able to recognize the lesions that are suspicious for melanoma. This review is intended to introduce osteopathic physicians to the dermoscopic features associated primarily with melanomas located on nonglabrous skin.
Integrating Osteopathic Philosophy in Cancer Care
Authors: Brown Zachary J. , Martin Sean P. , Carman Robert
Published: May 2019

Recent breakthroughs in the fields of genomics and biology have resulted in a better understanding of diseases and their underlying biology. New targeted and immune-based therapies take advantage of these new discoveries to treat the patient individually. This scientific revolution toward personalized medicine reflects osteopathic medicine's emphasis on patient-centered care and its tenets, which go against the “one-size-fits-all” approach. The authors discuss the importance of applying osteopathic philosophy to the delivery of patient-directed cancer care revolutionized by scientific advances.
Editorial
Authors: Andersen Camilla Eline , Otterstad Ann Merete
Published: May 2019

editorial
Secondary Succession under invasive species (Pteridium aquilinum) conditions in a seasonal dry tropical forest in southeastern Mexico
Authors: Jean Baptiste Alberto , Macario Pedro A. , Islebe Gerald A. , Vargas-Larreta Benedicto , Pool Luciano , Valdez-Hernández Mirna , López-Martínez Jorge O.
Published: May 2019

The role of invasive species in ecosystem functioning represents one of the main challenges in ecology.Pteridium aquilinumis a successful cosmopolitan invasive species with negative effects on the ecological mechanisms that allow secondary succession. In this study, we evaluated the influence ofP. aquilinumon secondary succession under different disturbances in a seasonal dry forest of the Yucatán Peninsula. We determined species richness, composition and the relative importance value in four sampling units. Fabaceae followed by Asteraceae, Meliaceae, Rubiaceae, Sapindaceae and Verbenaceae were the most species rich families. A dissimilarity analysis determined significant differences in beta diversity between sampling units. With a generalized linear model we found that species richness was best explained by site conditions, followed by calcium and soil organic matter. Also, the generalized linear model showed that abundance resulted in a strong correlation with site conditions and soil characteristics. Specific soil conditions related to phosphoro and calcium were also detected as beneficiary to the successional processes. Our results suggest that applying fire restriction and periodic cutting of the bracken fern, this can increase a higher diversity of species.
Trends in Export and Import of Beer of Barley in Nigeria: 1961-2014
Authors: Antia-Obong Essien Akpan
Published: May 2019

The importance of Beer of Barley is due to Nigeria being Africa’s largest beer consuming country, hence; require increasing output to meet up with domestic beer production since importation of bottled beer is banned. At present, Beer of Barley is exported and imported, this study aimed to measure growth rate between import and export over a 54 year period divided into three policy periods centred on Structural Adjustment policies (SAP) namely: Pre-SAP (1961-1985), SAP (1986-1998) and Post-SAP (1999-2014) with the sole purpose of identifying period associated with rising exports and falling imports. Log-linear and log-quadratic models are used to determine growth rates and patterns of growth respectively. Findings show that while the Post-SAP period experienced rising exports and falling imports, the period was also associated with a stagnated growth pattern. Therefore, institutions that support Post-SAP policy measures, in particular import ban on bottled/canned beer should be vigorously sustained and strengthened in order to accelerate growth.
A Novel Method for Optimizing Fractional Grey Prediction Model
Authors: Yu Lang
Published: May 2019

Aiming at the shortcoming that the classical FGM(1,1) model regards the gray action quantity as a fixed constant, the DGM(1,1) model is used to dynamically simulate and predict the gray action quantity, so that the gray action quantity can change dynamically with time. On this basis, a new FGM(1,1,b) model with dynamic gray quantity change with time is proposed, and the total primary energy consumption in the Middle East is taken as a numerical example for simulation prediction. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the dynamic FGM(1,1,b) model proposed in this paper is higher than that of the classical FGM(1,1) model, and the practicability and effectiveness of the FGM(1,1,b) model are verified. At the same time, it also provides relevant theoretical basis for the study of world energy development.
The Predictive Influence of Demographic and Personality Traits on Risky Driving Behaviour among Traffic Offenders in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Akinniyi R. J. , Akinnawo E. O. , Akpunne B. C. , Oyeleke J. T.
Published: May 2019

Aim: Accidents are a common phenomenon on Nigerian roads and are attributed to individual, environmental and contextual factors such as excessive speeding, disobeying traffic laws, aggressive driving among others. This study investigated the predictive influence of demographic and personality traits on risky driving behaviour among traffic offenders in Osun state, Nigeria.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey design.

Place of Study: Federal Road Safety Commission office and Redeemer’s University Osun State, South western Nigeria.

Methodology: Two hundred and eighty three (283) traffic offenders were selected through systematic sampling technique from the population of traffic offenders docked by Traffic offenders Tribunal and formally screened using Driving Behaviour Survey (DBS) and Big-five Personality Inventory (BFI). Descriptive and inferential statistics was used for data analysis.

Results:  Personality traits jointly predicted risky driving behaviour. Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience significantly independently predicted driving. Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experiences jointly predicted anxiety based performance, exaggerated safety caution behaviour, and hostile aggressive behaviour. Demographics variable were observed to be weak predictors of risky driving behaviour among the traffic offenders.

Conclusion: There was high incidence of risky driving behavior among traffic offenders; extraversion, agreeableness conscientiousness and openness to experience were factors predicting risky driving behavior. The study recommends psychological assessment for traffic offenders and applicants of driver’s license.
Group B Streptococcus Colonization in Pregnancy: Prevalence, Determinants and Antibacterial Susceptibility Pattern in Sagamu, Nigeria
Authors: Akadri Adebayo A. , Osuolale Bamidele D. , Shorunmu Tessie O. , Odelola Oluwaseyi I.
Published: May 2019

Aims: To establish the prevalence, determinants and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Group B streptococcus in pregnant women in Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the antenatal clinic at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria, between July 2017 and December 2017.

Methodology: The study involved 184 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic. Lower vaginal and rectal swabs were collected under aseptic condition and immediately sent to the laboratory for processing. The samples were assayed for the presence of group B streptococcus using conventional methods. Information on the socio demographic characteristics and details of delivery were recorded on a data capture sheet.

Results: The prevalence of Group B streptococcus was 27.7%. The odds of Group B streptococcus colonization was significantly higher among women of low parity (≤ 2) and binary logistic regression analysis showed that parity was predictive of Group B streptococcus colonization (OR 3.7; 95% CI = 1.03-13.46; P=.045). Younger women (age ≤ 30 years) and women carrying term pregnancies had a non significant trend towards higher odds of Group B streptococcus colonization [(OR= 1.22, 95% CI: 0.6-2.3, P = .54) and (OR=1.6, CI: 0.8-3.2; P = .15) respectively]. The resistance of group B streptococcus isolates to penicillin and ampicillin was 39.2% and 37.3% respectively.                          

Conclusion: The group B streptococcus colonization rate in this study is high. Factors such as low parity, young maternal age and term pregnancies are associated with increased odds of colonization. The emergence of resistance to the commonly prescribed antibiotics calls for re-evaluation of the current recommendations regarding the antibiotics prophylaxis.
Physiological Quality of Cowpea Beans (Vigna unguiculata L.) Seeds in the Function of Cultivars and Planting Times
Authors: Crispim Joabe Freitas , Lima Jailma Suerda Silva de , Fir Cristiane Wigna dos Santos Rodrigues , Medeiros Araújo Cost Jacqueline Alves de , Correia da Silva Antônio Gideilson , Bento José Elinaldo Alves
Published: May 2019

Germination and vigour evaluation of improved cultivars and creole of cowpea bean seeds as a function of different planting seasons. A completely randomized design in a factorial scheme, with six treatments and two planting periods, with four replications, each repetition with 25 seeds. The treatments consisted of six cowpea bean (Vigna unguiculata L.) cultivars, and two improved (BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Guariba) and four creoles, (Governor, Passagem, Chico Joaquim and Espírito Santo). The experiment place and timing was carried out under greenhouse on a riparian zone of the Federal Rural Semi-Arid University (UFERSA), located in the municipality of Mossoró-RN, Brazil. The first sowing season comprised the period from April 3 to April 18, 2017, and the second one from January 15 to 30, 2018. The sowing was done in plastic trays. Was used the sand washed and sterilized as a substrate. The trays were kept in a greenhouse at room temperature. Two irrigations were realized daily. In order to avoid the local effect, the trays were changed position each day. The evaluated characteristics were: Germination percentage, emergence speed index, seedling height, leaf number, root length, stem diameter, fresh and dry mass of seedlings. Creole cultivars showed superior quality to those improved in the second season. In the first season, the cultivars BRS Guariba and BRS Tumucumaque were the most outstanding. It was concluded that the physiological quality of cowpea beans is directly influenced by the cultivars and the planting season, as well as by the interaction of these two factors.
Anxiety Disorders in Childhood
Authors: Johnco Carly , Wong Quincy J. J. , Rapee Ronald M.
Published: May 2019

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health conditions affecting children. Childhood anxiety disorders often persist into adolescence and adulthood, and are associated with significant impairment in academic, social, and family functioning. This entry reviews the clinical presentation of childhood anxiety, epidemiology, and relevant risk factors for developing anxiety in children. It summarizes methods of assessing anxiety in children, along with the most effective treatment options.
A Tunable Microfluidic Device Enables Cargo Encapsulation by Cell‐ or Organelle‐Sized Lipid Vesicles Comprising Asymmetric Lipid Bilayers
Authors: Romanov Valentin , McCullough John , Gale Bruce K. , Frost Adam
Published: May 2019

Cellular membranes play host to a wide variety of morphologically and chemically complex processes. Although model membranes, like liposomes, are already widely used to reconstitute and study these processes, better tools are needed for making model bilayers that faithfully mimic cellular membranes. Existing methods for fabricating cell‐sized (µm) or organelle‐sized (tens to hundreds of nanometers) lipid vesicles have distinctly different requirements. Of particular note for biology, it remains challenging for any technique to efficiently encapsulate fragile cargo molecules or to generate liposomes with stable, asymmetric lipid leaflets within the bilayer. Here a tunable microfluidic device and protocol for fabricating liposomes with desired diameters ranging from ≈10 µm to ≈100 nm are described. Lipid vesicle size is templated by the simple inclusion of a polycarbonate filter within the microfluidic system and tuned with flow rate. It is shown that the vesicles made with this device are stable, unilamellar, lipid asymmetric, and capable of supporting transmembrane protein assembly, peripheral membrane protein binding, as well as soluble cargo encapsulation (including designer nanocages for biotechnology applications). These fabricated vesicles provide a new platform for studying the biophysically rich processes found within lipid–lipid and lipid–protein systems typically associated with cellular membranes.
Conductive Scaffolds for Cardiac and Neuronal Tissue Engineering: Governing Factors and Mechanisms
Authors: Burnstine‐Townley Alex , Eshel Yoni , Amdursky Nadav
Published: May 2019

Tissue engineering is a promising therapeutic approach in medicine, targeting the replacement of a diseased tissue with a healthy one grown within an artificial scaffold. Due to the high prevalence of cardiac and brain‐related ailments that involve some necrosis of tissue, cardiac and neuronal tissue engineering are intensely studied fields in regenerative medicine. A growing trend in the use of conductive scaffolds for the growth of these tissues has been witnessed recently. While the results are irrefutable, the mechanism of how an electrically conducting scaffold interacts with an electroactive tissue remains has remained elusive. An up‐to‐date summary of all work done in the field is reported, with a special focus on the specific contribution of the conductive scaffold on the performance of the formed tissue. The cell–scaffold electronic interface is then explored from an electrical engineering perspective. The electronic configuration of the system and the mechanisms and governing factors controlling the ability of a conductive scaffold to support cardiac and neuronal tissues are discussed. Using several simulations, the required conductivity of the scaffold in order for it to be suitable for tissue engineering—which also depends on the nature of the charge carriers—is also discussed.
Water‐Based Solution Processing and Wafer‐Scale Integration of All‐Graphene Humidity Sensors
Authors: Torres Alonso Elias , Shin Dong‐Wook , Rajan Gopika , Neves Ana I. S. , Russo Saverio , Craciun Monica F.
Published: May 2019

One of the main advantages of 2D materials for various applications is that they can be prepared in form of water‐based solutions. The high yield and cost‐effectiveness of this method make them of great interest for printed electronics, composites, and bio‐ and healthcare technologies. However, once deposited on a substrate, etching away these solution‐processed materials is a difficult task, yet crucial for pattern definition and thus device fabrication. In particular, the realization of micrometer‐sized patterns requires mesh and paste optimization when screen‐printed or solvent‐engineered and surface functionalization when inkjet‐printed, both usually involving additional postdeposition steps. These constraints are holding back the integration of these 2D materials in devices and applications. In this work, a method for the fabrication of micrometer‐sized well‐defined patterns in water‐based 2D materials is presented, with an extensive characterization of the films and patterns obtained. The method is ultimately used to create humidity sensors with performance comparable to that of commercial ones. These sensor devices are fabricated onto a 4′ silicon and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) wafers to create all‐graphene humidity sensors that are flexible, transparent, and compatible with current complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) and roll‐to‐roll workflows.
Quantification of Heterogeneous Degradation in Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Yang , Xu Rong , Zhang Kai , Lee Sang‐Jun , Mu Linqin , Liu Pengfei , Waters Crystal K. , Spence Stephanie , Xu Zhengrui , Wei Chenxi , Kautz David J. , Yuan Qingxi , Dong Yuhui , Yu Young‐Sang , Xiao Xianghui , Lee Han‐Koo , Pianetta Piero , Cloetens Peter , Lee Jun‐Sik , Zhao Kejie , Lin Feng , Liu Yijin
Published: May 2019

The multiscale chemomechanical interplay in lithium‐ion batteries builds up mechanical stress, provokes morphological breakdown, and leads to state of charge heterogeneity. Quantifying the interplay in complex composite electrodes with multiscale resolution constitutes a frontier challenge in precisely diagnosing the fading mechanism of batteries. In this study, hard X‐ray phase contrast tomography, capable of nanoprobing thousands of active particles at once, enables an unprecedented statistical analysis of the chemomechanical transformation of composite electrodes under fast charging conditions. The damage heterogeneity is demonstrated to prevail at all length scales, which stems from the unbalanced electron conduction and ionic diffusion, and collectively leads to the nonuniform utilization of active particles spatially and temporally. This study highlights that the statistical mapping of the chemomechanical transformation offers a diagnostic method for the particles utilization and fading, hence could improve electrode formulation for fast‐charging batteries.
Improved SnO2 Electron Transport Layers Solution‐Deposited at Near Room Temperature for Rigid or Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with High Efficiencies
Authors: Dong Qingshun , Li Jiangwei , Shi Yantao , Chen Min , Ono Luis K. , Zhou Ke , Zhang Chunyang , Qi Yabing , Zhou Yuanyuan , Padture Nitin P. , Wang Liduo
Published: May 2019

Electron transport layer (ETL) is a functional layer of great significance for boosting the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To date, it is still a challenge to simultaneously reduce the surface defects and improve the crystallinity in ETLs during their low‐temperature processing. Here, a novel strategy for the mediation of in situ regrowth of SnO2 nanocrystal ETLs is reported: introduction of controlled trace amounts of surface absorbed water on the fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) or indium–tin oxide (ITO) surfaces of the substrates using ultraviolet ozone (UVO) pretreatment. The optimum amount of adsorbed water plays a key role in balancing the hydrolysis–condensation reactions during the structural evolution of SnO2 thin films. This new approach results in a full‐coverage SnO2 ETL with a desirable morphology and crystallinity for superior optical and electrical properties, as compared to the control SnO2 ETL without the UVO pretreatment. Finally, the rigid and flexible PSC devices based on the new SnO2 ETLs yield high PCEs of up to 20.5% and 17.5%, respectively.
High‐Performance Hydrogen Evolution by Ru Single Atoms and Nitrided‐Ru Nanoparticles Implanted on N‐Doped Graphitic Sheet
Authors: Tiwari Jitendra N. , Harzandi Ahmad M. , Ha Miran , Sultan Siraj , Myung Chang Woo , Park Hyo Ju , Kim Dong Yeon , Thangavel Pandiarajan , Singh Aditya Narayan , Sharma Pankaj , Chandrasekaran Selvaraj Selva , Salehnia Foad , Jang Ji‐Wook , Shin Hyeon Suk , Lee Zonghoon , Kim Kwang S.
Published: May 2019

The most efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a Pt‐based catalyst, but its high cost and nonperfect efficiency hinder wide‐ranging industrial/technological applications. Here, an electrocatalyst of both ruthenium (Ru) single atoms (SAs) and N‐doped‐graphitic(GN)‐shell‐covered nitrided‐Ru nanoparticles (NPs) (having a Ru‐Nx shell) embedded on melamine‐derived GN matrix {1: [Ru(SA)+Ru(NP)@RuNx@GN]/GN}, which exhibits superior HER activity in both acidic and basic media, is presented. In 0.5 m H2SO4/1 m KOH solutions, 1 shows diminutive “negative overpotentials” (−η = |η| = 10/7 mV at 10 mA cm−2, lowest ever) and high exchange current densities (4.70/1.96 mA cm−2). The remarkable HER performance is attributed to the near‐zero free energies for hydrogen adsorption/desorption on Ru(SAs) and the increased conductivity of melamine‐derived GN sheets by the presence of nitrided‐Ru(NPs). The nitridation process forming nitrided‐Ru(NPs), which are imperfectly covered by a GN shell, allows superb long‐term operation durability. The catalyst splits water into molecular oxygen and hydrogen at 1.50/1.40 V (in 0.1 m HClO4/1 m KOH), demonstrating its potential as a ready‐to‐use, highly effective energy device for industrial applications.
On‐Chip MXene Microsupercapacitors for AC‐Line Filtering Applications
Authors: Jiang Qiu , Kurra Narendra , Maleski Kathleen , Lei Yongjiu , Liang Hanfeng , Zhang Yizhou , Gogotsi Yury , Alshareef Husam N.
Published: May 2019

Microsupercapacitors (MSCs) with high energy densities offer viable miniaturized alternatives to bulky electrolytic capacitors if the former can respond at the kilo Hertz (kHz) or higher frequencies. Moreover, MSCs fabricated on a chip can be integrated into thin‐film electronics in a compatible manner, serving the function of ripple filtering units or harvesters of energy from high‐frequency sources. In this work, wafer‐scale fabrication is demonstrated of MXene microsupercapacitors with controlled flake sizes and engineered device designs to achieve excellent frequency filtering performance. Specifically, the devices (100 nm thick electrodes and 10 µm interspace) deliver high volumetric capacitance (30 F cm−3 at 120 Hz), high rate capability (300 V s−1), and a very short relaxation time constant (τ0 = 0.45 ms), surpassing conventional electrolytic capacitors (τ0 = 0.8 ms). As a result, the devices are capable of filtering 120 Hz ripples produced by AC line power at a frequency of 60 Hz. This study opens new avenues for exploring miniaturized MXene MSCs as replacements for bulky electrolytic capacitors.
Flow characteristics of vortex based cavitation devices
Authors: Simpson Alister , Ranade Vivek V.
Published: May 2019

Vortex based hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) devices offer various advantages over conventional linear flow devices, such as early inception, low erosion risk, and higher cavitational yield. Despite several promising applications, the key underlying flow characteristics are not yet adequately understood. This article presents results of a computational investigation into cavitation in vortex devices. Multiphase computational fluid dynamics results are presented and compared with experimental data on pressure drop over a range of flow rates. The results highlight the unique hydrodynamic characteristics of this type of device in relation to conventional linear flow reactors; cavitation inception occurs in the liquid bulk away from sold surfaces, and rapid pressure recovery rates are achieved. The models were used to simulate detailed time–pressure histories for individual vapor cavities, including turbulent fluctuations. The developed approach, models and results will provide a sound and useful basis for comprehensive multiscale modeling of vortex‐based devices for HC.
Synthesis of 2‐Arylquinolines from 2‐Iodoanilines and β‐Chloropropiophenones via Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction
Authors: Yoon Jooyeon , Cheon Cheol‐Hong
Published: May 2019

A protocol to access 2‐aryl‐substituted quinolines from readily available 2‐iodoanilines and β‐chloropropiophenones, which are synthetic equivalents of acrylophenones, has been developed via the palladium‐catalyzed cascade reaction. Various 2‐iodoanilines and β‐chloropropiophenones were applicable to this protocol to afford the desired quinoline products in good to high yields. Moreover, we demonstrated the usefulness of this protocol in direct synthesis of chloride‐bridged dimeric iridium complexes, one of the key intermediates in the synthesis of iridium‐based phosphorous materials, without the complete isolation of the quinolines.
Schalten in Metall‐organischen Gerüsten
Authors: Bigdeli Fahime , Lollar Christina T. , Morsali Ali , Zhou Hong‐Cai
Published: May 2019

Aufgrund ihrer einstellbaren Poren und nahezu grenzenlosen Strukturdiversität, die sich aus dem Design verschiedener organischer Linker und metallischer Strukturbaueinheiten ableitet, haben sich Metall‐organische Gerüste (MOFs) in den vergangenen Jahren zu einem intensiv beforschten Gebiet entwickelt. Zu den größten Aufgaben gehören schaltbare MOFs und ihre Anwendung. Schaltbare MOFs sind “intelligente” Materialien, die bei Exposition gegenüber externen Stimuli eine deutliche, reversible, chemische Veränderung ihrer Struktur durchlaufen, was interessante technische Anwendungen ermöglicht. Obwohl dieser Prozess des Schaltens Ähnlichkeiten mit Flexibilität aufweist, haben sich nur sehr wenige Studien speziell mit Schalten beschäftigt, wohingegen sich eine recht große Zahl von Arbeiten und Übersichten mit der Flexibilität in MOFs beschäftigt. Dieser Aufsatz konzentriert sich auf die Eigenschaften und das allgemeine Design schaltbarer MOFs. Dabei wird die Schaltaktivität basierend auf der Ursache des Schaltens beschrieben: Licht, Spincrossover, Redoxchemie, Temperatur und Benetzbarkeit.