bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
39. The anisotropy of primary cosmic radiation and the electromagnetic state in interplanetary space
Authors: Sarabhai V. , Nerurkar N. W. , Duggal S. P. , Sastry T. S. G.
Published: July 2016

Study of the anisotropy of cosmic rays from the measurement of the daily variation of meson intensity has demonstrated that there are significant day-today changes in the anisotropy of the radiation. New experimental data pertaining to these changes and their solar and terrestrial relationships are discussed.

An interpretation of these changes of anisotropy in terms of the modulation of cosmic rays by streams of matter emitted by the sun is given. In particular, an explanation for the existence of the recently discovered types of daily variations exhibiting day and night maxima respectively, can be found by an extension of some ideas of Alfvén, Nagashima, and Davies. An integrated attempt is made to interpret the known features of the variation of cosmic ray intensity in conformity with ideas developed above.
40. Separation of extra terrestrial variations in cosmic ray intensity and atmospheric effects by differential measurements by G–M telescopes
Authors: Brunberg E. A.
Published: July 2016

The daily variation of cosmic ray intensity can arise partly from atmospheric and partly from non-atmospheric effects. There is at present a difference of opinion whether this latter effect is completely due to extra terrestrial causes or not.

The purpose of the present paper is to suggest a method by which the atmospheric effects could be separated from the other variations without any assumptions about the mechanism of the atmospheric influence.
48. Untersuchung einer starkstromgasentladung im magnetischen längsfelde
Authors: Besbatschenko A. L. , Golovin I. N. , Ivanov D. P. , Kirillov V. D. , Javlinskij N. A.
Published: July 2016

Die Gasentladung im Deuterium bei Stromstärken bis zu 700 tausend Ampere im magnetischen Längsfelde bis zu 12000 Oersted wurde untersucht. Die Einwirkung des Feldes auf den Verlauf der Entladung wurde festgestellt und eine Zunahme des Magnetfeldes im Innern der Entladungssäule entdeckt. Eine Bewertung der Plasmaleitfähigkeit und der Ionisierungszahl wird gegeben.
50. Magneto-hydrostatic equilibrium in an external magnetic field
Authors: Sweet P. A.
Published: July 2016

The expression ∫∫∫all space ΔH2dv for a change in magnetic energy is shown to be incorrect when applied to a body carrying an electric current and situated in an external magnetic field. A modified expression is derived.

Chandrasekhar's form of the virial theorem in a magnetic field is extended to the case where an external magnetic field is present.
52. An approximative calculation of electric conductivity in the lower layers of the solar atmosphere
Authors: Kopecký M.
Published: July 2016

Recently Nagasawa determined a method of calculation of the electric conductivity in a lowly ionized gas, which leads to more precise results than the formula given by Alfvén. The numerical calculation, however, is much more complicated for the Nagasawa method. This paper simplifies the calculation giving a relation, by means of which the Alfvén values of Nagasawa are obtained in a rather simple way.
54. Optical emission from the Crab nebula in the continuous spectrum
Authors: Shklovsky I. S.
Published: July 2016

Extensive progress of radio astronomical methods of investigation during recent years has totally changed our ideas about the nature of the enevelopes ejected during the outburst of super-novae and, consequently, also about the phenomenon of the outburst of the super-nova[1]. The only envelope of a super-nova, investigated in sufficient details by means of optical astronomy, is the Crab nebula (see W. Baade[2], Minkowski[3], Greenstein and Minkowski[4], Barbier[5]. All available explanations concerning the nature of the Crab nebula are based upon these investigations. They were also applied in general to envelopes of other super-novae. Considering the Crab nebula as a typical super-nova remnant let us shortly discuss these statements.
Frugivores at a fruiting Ficus in south-eastern Peru
Authors: Tello Jose G.
Published: July 2016

In neotropical forests, 50–90% of the canopy trees bear fruits adapted for animal dispersal whereas close to 100% of the shrubs and sub-canopy trees produce fleshy fruits (Howe & Smallwood 1982). It has been suggested that during periods of fruit scarcity, some plant species perform a critical role in the forest ecosystem by sustaining frugivorous animals that are important dispersal agents for seeds of many other trees during other seasons of the year (Howe 1984, Terborgh 1986a). Loss or absence of those seed dispersers would have strong negative consequences for tree species, thereby affecting the health of the entire ecosystem, over time. For that reason, plant species that sustain frugivores (= seed dispersers) during periods of resource scarcity have been called ‘keystone species’ (Gilbert 1980, Howe 1984, Terborgh 1983, 1986a, b; van Schaik et al. 1993). For example, in the tropical rain forest of Manu National Park, Peru, Terborgh (1983) found that figs, palm nuts and nectar are resources of great importance for the primate community during periods of fruit scarcity. During that season, three species of fig were identified as keystone resources maintaining nearly 40% of the animal biomass in the ecosystem (Terborgh 1983).
Cultural Heritage Development in China: A Contextualized Trajectory or a Global–Local Nexus?
Authors: Bi Lingling , Vanneste Dominique , van der Borg Jan
Published: July 2016

This article investigates China’s heritage development from an evolutionary perspective. On the one hand, by situating the reception of the cultural heritage concept in a socio-cultural construct dimension, it reveals the unique dialogism between the two divergent epistemological paradigms ofwenwu(cultural relics) andwenhua yichan(cultural heritage) that underline heritage appropriation and practice in China. On the other hand, it examines China’s cultural heritage development in relation to society, arguing that considerations of national heritage, though influenced by the international environment, are still largely determined by its national socio-cultural, economic, and political settings. The evolutionary approach reveals the way in which China’s heritage vision and practice are negotiated according to international forces and societal imperatives, implicating issues such as commodification and reconstruction in the debate of heritage conservation, which is relevant to, among others, the research on heritage tourism and urban development in contemporary China.
Socony Mobil Radiocarbon Dates I
Authors: Bray E. E. , Burke W. H.
Published: July 2016

The samples in this list were measured by the methane proportional counter method reported by Burke and Meinschein (1955). Shell samples were mechanically cleaned and washed with water. Where necessary, cold, very dilute HCI was used to remove the powdery exterior. Sedimentary wood and mud or clay samples were treated with hot concentrated HCI and washed with water before burning. Four other types of materials recovered from sediments were dated: (1) the total organic carbon, (2) benzene-soluble organic material, (3) foraminiferal tests, and (4) “dispersed carbonate”. The foraminiferal samples were recovered from the sediment by washing on a 120-mesh screen. These were then converted to carbon dioxide by acid treatment. “Dispersed carbonate” was recovered in the form of CO2, by acid (HCI) treatment of the sediment wash which had been depleted of Foraminifera. The total organic carbon samples were recovered by combustion to CO2 after all carbonates had been removed by acid treatment. Organic extractables were also converted to CO2 by combustion.
Stockholm Natural Radiocarbon Measurements III
Authors: Östlund H. Göte , Engstrand Lars G.
Published: July 2016

This paper is a direct continuation of the second date list released from this laboratory (Östlund, 1959), and the technique of preparation and the characteristics of our two 3-atmospheres carbon dioxide counters are substantially unchanged (Östlund 1957a, b). As in previous lists, our standard is oak wood, grown, A. D. 1845–1855 in Stockholm. corrected for radioactive decay to 1960. As usual, the counting rates have been corrected according to the massspectrometrically measured C13/C12ratio in each sample of purified carbon dioxide. In this scale the U. S. National Bureau of Standards Natural Radiocarbon Standard (NBS standard) gives a counting rate which is 104.5 ± 0.4% of our age-corrected oak standard. Taking into account that our oak has a C13/C12ratio of 25 per mil lower than the Chicago PDB-C13standard, our age figures can, by subtracting 55 years, be converted to the new, international radiocarbon age scale proposed by Broecker and Olson (1959).
La Jolla Natural Radiocarbon Measurements
Authors: Hubbs Carl L. , Bien George S. , Suess Hans E.
Published: July 2016

The recently established low-level radiation laboratory of Scripps Institution of Oceanography has been measuring radiocarbon since August 1957. Through 1959 about 160 samples have been measured.
Building Science: Synthetic Biology and emerging technologies in architectural research
Authors: Dade-Robertson Martyn
Published: July 2016

The paper examines the concept of Building Science through the role of emerging scientific research and technologies. The paper takes as its starting point the Technology Readiness Strategy which is a way of judging the state of a technology in terms of its readiness for environmental deployment and relevance to industry. The paper argues that this model is limited and uses the example of Synthetic Biology to argue for a type of building science which is both speculative and grounded and which may not lead to immediate or short-term applications but is driven by hypothetical contexts and imagined futures. The paper argues that both scientific knowledge and architectural research may be enhanced through deeper collaboration and gives the example of a project to develop a genetically engineered mechanical sensing bacteria capable of making materials which respond to physical forces in their environment. The paper suggests that, while initiated with an application domain in mind, the knowledge gained from the project has pointed to alternative avenues for creative design explorations. The paper concludes that an alternative form of Building Science may be possible in which the term ‘building’ is both a verb and a noun.
(Experimenting with) Living Architecture: a practice perspective
Authors: Flynn Emma
Published: July 2016

Energy from depleting fossil fuels consumed in the construction and operation of buildings accounts for approximately half of the UK's emissions of carbon dioxide. With global warming increasing, amplifying extreme weather conditions and frequency, buildings can no longer remain static and unresponsive to their surrounding environment. Architecture must become adaptive, reactive to changes in climate, and reducing CO2, not generating it.

As a tree responds to and moderates its surrounding environment, nature can become a key inspiration in developing mechanisms to reduce the impact of climate change and resource depletion. At Astudio, our research looks to incorporate fundamental processes in living and natural systems in the architectural design of responsive surfaces and building services. A form of synthetic biology, these ‘bio-responsive’ designs combine both biological and technical systems, which adapt to, and harvest from, the immediate climatic environment. This paper will demonstrate the potential of synthetic biology in improving the resilience of our built environment, documented through our practice research and our collaborations with industry and academic institutions to date.

Astudio are world-class architects focused on reducing our buildings’ impact on the environment. Our courage in the pursuit new ways to reduce carbon and change behaviors gained us the coveted title of Architectural Practice of the Year in 2012. This unprecedented achievement led us to establish our research and development group, whose role is to investigate new ways of seeing and thinking about the challenges we face in the industry. With this group, we explore visionary concepts that enable us to consider how we may cross boundaries taking us out of architecture and work with different fields of expertise that can help us solve sustainable construction in new ways. We look to the future to propose buildable solutions today.
Did the Protestant Ethic Disappear? The Virtue of Thrift on the Cusp of Postwar Affluence
Authors: Steigerwald David
Published: July 2016

After World War II, the United States moved into what historians are now recognizing as a full-blown consumer society. Consumer society carried with it vast cultural changes, including shifts in fundamental values. Not least important were shifts in the practices of thrift, as seen in how Americans regarded personal savings and debt. Traditionally seen as opposites, those two economic behaviors became intertwined in the 1950s, as Americans continued to save, not to accumulate wealth but to spend and often even as they took on consumer debt. Thus, the 1950s were a tipping point between industrial capitalism and consumer capitalism.
Micronutrient Intake among Children in Puerto Rico: Dietary and Multivitamin-Multimineral Supplement Sources
Authors: Lopez-Cepero Andrea , Torres Roxana , Elias Augusto , Rosal Milagros C. , Palacios Cristina
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Background: Micronutrients are critical for healthy growth and development of children. Micronutrient intake from dietary sources is inadequate among some children and may be improved by use of multivitamin and multimineral (MVMM) supplements. Objective: To assess micronutrient intake from dietary and MVMM supplement sources among 12-year-old children in Puerto Rico. Methods: A representative sample of 732 children enrolled in an oral health study in Puerto Rico, who completed dietary and MVMM assessments through one 24-h recall, were included in this analysis. Micronutrient intake sources were described and compared to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) using the Estimated Average Requirement when available (used Adequate Intake for vitamin K and pantothenic acid). Micronutrient profiles of MVMM users and non-users were compared using t-tests. Results: Mean intakes of vitamins A, D, E, and K, pantothenic acid, calcium, and magnesium from food and beverage sources were below the DRIs. From food and beverage sources, MVMM users had higher intakes of riboflavin and folate compared to non-users (p < 0.05). When MVMM supplements were taken into account, users had higher intakes of all nutrients except vitamin K. With the help of MVMM, users increased intake of vitamins E, A, D, and pantothenic acid to IOM-recommended levels but calcium, magnesium, and vitamin K remained below guidelines. Conclusion: Micronutrient intake from diet was below the IOM-recommended levels in the total sample. MVMM use improved intake of selected micronutrients and facilitated meeting recommendations for some nutrients. Public health measures to improve micronutrient intake among children in Puerto Rico are needed.
Volunteer as a Mentor at Fall Meeting
Authors: Adamec Bethany , Wilson Claire , Ambrogio Olivia , Asher Pranoti
Published: July 2016

You can help the next generation of Earth and space scientists succeed at Fall Meeting and beyond.
Human NK cell development requires CD56-mediated motility and formation of the developmental synapse
Authors: Mace Emily M. , Gunesch Justin T. , Dixon Amera , Orange Jordan S.
Published: July 2016

While distinct stages of natural killer (NK) cell development have been defined, the molecular interactions that shape human NK cell maturation are poorly understood. Here we define intercellular interactions between developing NK cells and stromal cells which, through contact-dependent mechanisms, promote the generation of mature, functional human NK cells from CD34+ precursors. We show that developing NK cells undergo unique, developmental stage-specific sustained and transient interactions with developmentally supportive stromal cells, and that the relative motility of NK cells increases as they move through development in vitro and ex vivo. These interactions include the formation of a synapse between developing NK cells and stromal cells, which we term the developmental synapse. Finally, we identify a role for CD56 in developmental synapse structure, NK cell motility and NK cell development. Thus, we define the developmental synapse leading to human NK cell functional maturation.
Optimal myelin elongation relies on YAP activation by axonal growth and inhibition by Crb3/Hippo pathway
Authors: Fernando Ruani N. , Cotter Laurent , Perrin-Tricaud Claire , Berthelot Jade , Bartolami Sylvain , Pereira Jorge A. , Gonzalez Sergio , Suter Ueli , Tricaud Nicolas
Published: July 2016

Fast nerve conduction relies on successive myelin segments that electrically isolate axons. Segment geometry—diameter and length—is critical for the optimization of nerve conduction and the molecular mechanisms allowing this optimized geometry are partially known. We show here that peripheral myelin elongation is dynamically regulated by stimulation of YAP (Yes-associated protein) transcription cofactor activity during axonal elongation and limited by inhibition of YAP activity via the Hippo pathway. YAP promotes myelin and non-myelin genes transcription while the polarity protein Crb3, localized at the tips of the myelin sheath, activates the Hippo pathway to temper YAP activity, therefore allowing for optimal myelin growth. Dystrophic Dy2j/2j mice mimicking human peripheral neuropathy with reduced internodal lengths have decreased nuclear YAP which, when corrected, leads to longer internodes. These data show a novel mechanism controlling myelin growth and nerve conduction, and provide a molecular ground for disease with short myelin segments.
Iridates from the molecular side
Authors: Pedersen Kasper S. , Bendix Jesper , Tressaud Alain , Durand Etienne , Weihe Høgni , Salman Zaher , Morsing Thorbjørn J , Woodruff Daniel N. , Lan Yanhua , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Mathonière Corine , Piligkos Stergios , Klokishner Sophia I. , Ostrovsky Serghei , Ollefs Katharina , Wilhelm Fabrice , Rogalev Andrei , Clérac Rodolphe
Published: July 2016

New exotic phenomena have recently been discovered in oxides of paramagnetic Ir4+ ions, widely known as ‘iridates’. Their remarkable properties originate from concerted effects of the crystal field, magnetic interactions and strong spin-orbit coupling, characteristic of 5d metal ions. Despite numerous experimental reports, the electronic structure of these materials is still challenging to elucidate, and not attainable in the isolated, but chemically inaccessible, [IrO6]8– species (the simplest molecular analogue of the elementary {IrO6}8− fragment present in all iridates). Here, we introduce an alternative approach to circumvent this problem by substituting the oxide ions in [IrO6]8− by isoelectronic fluorides to form the fluorido-iridate: [IrF6]2−. This molecular species has the same electronic ground state as the {IrO6}8− fragment, and thus emerges as an ideal model for iridates. These results may open perspectives for using fluorido-iridates as building-blocks for electronic and magnetic quantum materials synthesized by soft chemistry routes.
Optical control of endogenous receptors and cellular excitability using targeted covalent photoswitches
Authors: Izquierdo-Serra Mercè , Bautista-Barrufet Antoni , Trapero Ana , Garrido-Charles Aida , Díaz-Tahoces Ariadna , Camarero Nuria , Pittolo Silvia , Valbuena Sergio , Pérez-Jiménez Ariadna , Gay Marina , García-Moll Alejandro , Rodríguez-Escrich Carles , Lerma Juan , de la Villa Pedro , Fernández Eduardo , Pericàs Miquel À , Llebaria Amadeu , Gorostiza Pau
Published: July 2016

Light-regulated drugs allow remotely photoswitching biological activity and enable plausible therapies based on small molecules. However, only freely diffusible photochromic ligands have been shown to work directly in endogenous receptors and methods for covalent attachment depend on genetic manipulation. Here we introduce a chemical strategy to covalently conjugate and photoswitch the activity of endogenous proteins and demonstrate its application to the kainate receptor channel GluK1. The approach is based on photoswitchable ligands containing a short-lived, highly reactive anchoring group that is targeted at the protein of interest by ligand affinity. These targeted covalent photoswitches (TCPs) constitute a new class of light-regulated drugs and act as prosthetic molecules that photocontrol the activity of GluK1-expressing neurons, and restore photoresponses in degenerated retina. The modularity of TCPs enables the application to different ligands and opens the way to new therapeutic opportunities.
Reciprocal genomic evolution in the ant–fungus agricultural symbiosis
Authors: Nygaard Sanne , Hu Haofu , Li Cai , Schiøtt Morten , Chen Zhensheng , Yang Zhikai , Xie Qiaolin , Ma Chunyu , Deng Yuan , Dikow Rebecca B. , Rabeling Christian , Nash David R. , Wcislo William T. , Brady Seán G. , Schultz Ted R. , Zhang Guojie , Boomsma Jacobus J.
Published: July 2016

The attine ant–fungus agricultural symbiosis evolved over tens of millions of years, producing complex societies with industrial-scale farming analogous to that of humans. Here we document reciprocal shifts in the genomes and transcriptomes of seven fungus-farming ant species and their fungal cultivars. We show that ant subsistence farming probably originated in the early Tertiary (55–60 MYA), followed by further transitions to the farming of fully domesticated cultivars and leaf-cutting, both arising earlier than previously estimated. Evolutionary modifications in the ants include unprecedented rates of genome-wide structural rearrangement, early loss of arginine biosynthesis and positive selection on chitinase pathways. Modifications of fungal cultivars include loss of a key ligninase domain, changes in chitin synthesis and a reduction in carbohydrate-degrading enzymes as the ants gradually transitioned to functional herbivory. In contrast to human farming, increasing dependence on a single cultivar lineage appears to have been essential to the origin of industrial-scale ant agriculture.
Glycolytic regulation of cell rearrangement in angiogenesis
Authors: Cruys Bert , Wong Brian W. , Kuchnio Anna , Verdegem Dries , Cantelmo Anna Rita , Conradi Lena-Christin , Vandekeere Saar , Bouché Ann , Cornelissen Ivo , Vinckier Stefan , Merks Roeland M. H. , Dejana Elisabetta , Gerhardt Holger , Dewerchin Mieke , Bentley Katie , Carmeliet Peter
Published: July 2016

During vessel sprouting, endothelial cells (ECs) dynamically rearrange positions in the sprout to compete for the tip position. We recently identified a key role for the glycolytic activator PFKFB3 in vessel sprouting by regulating cytoskeleton remodelling, migration and tip cell competitiveness. It is, however, unknown how glycolysis regulates EC rearrangement during vessel sprouting. Here we report that computational simulations, validated by experimentation, predict that glycolytic production of ATP drives EC rearrangement by promoting filopodia formation and reducing intercellular adhesion. Notably, the simulations correctly predicted that blocking PFKFB3 normalizes the disturbed EC rearrangement in high VEGF conditions, as occurs during pathological angiogenesis. This interdisciplinary study integrates EC metabolism in vessel sprouting, yielding mechanistic insight in the control of vessel sprouting by glycolysis, and suggesting anti-glycolytic therapy for vessel normalization in cancer and non-malignant diseases.
High-speed ultrasound imaging in dense suspensions reveals impact-activated solidification due to dynamic shear jamming
Authors: Han Endao , Peters Ivo R. , Jaeger Heinrich M.
Published: July 2016

A remarkable property of dense suspensions is that they can transform from liquid-like at rest to solid-like under sudden impact. Previous work showed that this impact-induced solidification involves rapidly moving jamming fronts; however, details of this process have remained unresolved. Here we use high-speed ultrasound imaging to probe non-invasively how the interior of a dense suspension responds to impact. Measuring the speed of sound we demonstrate that the solidification proceeds without a detectable increase in packing fraction, and imaging the evolving flow field we find that the shear intensity is maximized right at the jamming front. Taken together, this provides direct experimental evidence for jamming by shear, rather than densification, as driving the transformation to solid-like behaviour. On the basis of these findings we propose a new model to explain the anisotropy in the propagation speed of the fronts and delineate the onset conditions for dynamic shear jamming in suspensions.
Photocatalytic oxidation of methane over silver decorated zinc oxide nanocatalysts
Authors: Chen Xuxing , Li Yunpeng , Pan Xiaoyang , Cortie David , Huang Xintang , Yi Zhiguo
Published: July 2016

The search for active catalysts that efficiently oxidize methane under ambient conditions remains a challenging task for both C1 utilization and atmospheric cleansing. Here, we show that when the particle size of zinc oxide is reduced down to the nanoscale, it exhibits high activity for methane oxidation under simulated sunlight illumination, and nano silver decoration further enhances the photo-activity via the surface plasmon resonance. The high quantum yield of 8% at wavelengths <400 nm and over 0.1% at wavelengths ∼470 nm achieved on the silver decorated zinc oxide nanostructures shows great promise for atmospheric methane oxidation. Moreover, the nano-particulate composites can efficiently photo-oxidize other small molecular hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane and ethylene, and in particular, can dehydrogenize methane to generate ethane, ethylene and so on. On the basis of the experimental results, a two-step photocatalytic reaction process is suggested to account for the methane photo-oxidation.
Correction: Corrigendum: All trans-retinoic acid analogs promote cancer cell apoptosis through non-genomic Crabp1 mediating ERK1/2 phosphorylation
Authors: Persaud Shawna D. , Park Sung Wook , Ishigami-Yuasa Mari , Koyano-Nakagawa Naoko , Kagechika Hiroyuki , Wei Li-Na
Published: July 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 22396; published online: 03 March 2016; updated: 20 July 2016 This Article contains errors. In the last paragraph of the Results section, “Given the ability of atRA and compounds 3 and 4 to induce apoptosis in animal cancer cell line context, we surveyed severalhuman cell lines and found that CRABP1 expression was lost in human ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and human pancreatic ductal carcinoma cell line KPC”.
Erratum: Comparative study of serum zinc concentrations in benign and malignant prostate disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Jiang , Wu Qingjian , Hu Xiaoyan , Dong Xingyou , Wang Liang , Liu Qian , Long Zhou , Li Longkun
Published: July 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 25778; published online: 12 May 2016; updated: 20 July 2016 The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Qingjian Wu, which was incorrectly given as Qingjiang Wu. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Correction: Corrigendum: The impact of working memory and the “process of process modelling” on model quality: Investigating experienced versus inexperienced modellers
Authors: Martini Markus , Pinggera Jakob , Neurauter Manuel , Sachse Pierre , Furtner Marco R. , Weber Barbara
Published: July 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 25561; published online: 09 May 2016; updated: 20 July 2016 In this Article, Jakob Pinggera, Manuel Neurauter and Barbara Weber are incorrectly affiliated with ‘Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.’ The correct affiliations are listed below:
Secretory locations of SIPC in Amphibalanus amphitrite cyprids and a novel function of SIPC in biomineralization
Authors: Zhang Gen , Yang Xiao-Xue , Leung Pok Man , He Li-Sheng , Chan Tat Yin , Yan Guo-Yong , Zhang Yu , Sun Jin , Xu Ying , Qian Pei-Yuan
Published: July 2016

Settlement-inducing protein complex (SIPC) is a pheromone that triggers conspecific larval settlement in the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite. In the present study, immunostaining and scanning electron microscopy of SIPC revealed signals in the frontal horn pores and the secretions from carapace pores, suggesting that SIPC might be directly secreted from these organs in A. amphitrite cyprids. Further observations showed that the frontal horn pores could contact surfaces while cyprids were “walking”. Immunostaining for SIPC on the contacted surfaces displayed SIPC signals. These signals were similar to the frontal horn pores in size and morphology, suggesting that frontal horn pores might deposit SIPC. Besides, full-length SIPC was expressed and subsequent assays indicated that recombinant SIPC was able to bind to chitins and induce the precipitation of CaCO3. Furthermore, recombinant SIPC inhibited the formation of vaterites and regulated the morphology of calcite crystals. The crystals that formed with recombinant SIPC were more stable against water erosion. Overall, these results reported a novel function of recombinant SIPC that regulates crystal formation in barnacle shells.
Proteomics analysis of human tears from aqueous-deficient and evaporative dry eye patients
Authors: Perumal Natarajan , Funke Sebastian , Pfeiffer Norbert , Grus Franz H.
Published: July 2016

Despite the high global prevalence of dry eye syndrome (DES), the fundamental processes underlying this pathology remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this study endeavoured to investigate in-depth the tear proteome of DES patients employing the mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic strategies. Eighty patients were recruited and subdivided into three major DES subgroups, which are the aqueous-deficient (DRYaq), evaporative (DRYlip) and a combination of the two (DRYaqlip), as well as healthy subjects (CTRL). Discovery proteomics strategy was employed to identify large number of significantly differentially expressed tear proteins in DRYlipvs. CTRL, DRYaqvs. CTRL and DRYaqlipvs. CTRL with 22, 58 and 67 proteins, respectively. Biological functional analysis demonstrated for the first time that various metabolic processes were highly expressed in DRYaq and DRYaqlip, which might modulate various other known processes, especially the inflammatory and immune processes. Targeted proteomics strategy verified that 13 major proteins were differentially expressed in specific DES subgroups, comprising of PRR4, ZG16B, SCGB2A1, DMBT1, PROL1, LACRT, ALDH3A1, ENO1, TF, S100A8, S100A9, PEBP1 and ORM1. In conclusion, this study had explored in-depth the pathology of DES by unravelling various new fundamental processes and the major proteins responsible for the maintenance of tear film stability.
Hypoxia-mediated impaired erythrocyte Lands’ Cycle is pathogenic for sickle cell disease
Authors: Wu Hongyu , Bogdanov Mikhail , Zhang Yujin , Sun Kaiqi , Zhao Shushan , Song Anren , Luo Renna , Parchim Nicholas F. , Liu Hong , Huang Aji , Adebiyi Morayo G. , Jin Jianping , Alexander Danny C. , Milburn Michael V. , Idowu Modupe , Juneja Harinder S. , Kellems Rodney E. , Dowhan William , Xia Yang
Published: July 2016

Although Lands’ cycle was discovered in 1958, its function and cellular regulation in membrane homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions remain largely unknown. Nonbiased high throughput metabolomic profiling revealed that Lands’ cycle was impaired leading to significantly elevated erythrocyte membrane lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) content and circulating and erythrocyte arachidonic acid (AA) in mice with sickle cell disease (SCD), a prevalent hemolytic genetic disorder. Correcting imbalanced Lands’ cycle by knockdown of phospholipase 2 (cPLA2) or overexpression of lysophosphatidycholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1), two key enzymes of Lands’ cycle in hematopoietic stem cells, reduced elevated erythrocyte membrane LysoPC content and circulating AA levels and attenuated sickling, inflammation and tissue damage in SCD chimeras. Human translational studies validated SCD mouse findings and further demonstrated that imbalanced Lands’ cycle induced LysoPC production directly promotes sickling in cultured mouse and human SCD erythrocytes. Mechanistically, we revealed that hypoxia-mediated ERK activation underlies imbalanced Lands’ cycle by preferentially inducing the activity of PLA2 but not LPCAT in human and mouse SCD erythrocytes. Overall, our studies have identified a pathological role of imbalanced Lands’ cycle in SCD erythrocytes, novel molecular basis regulating Lands’ cycle and therapeutic opportunities for the disease.
Rescue of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS)-mediated Sertoli cell injury by overexpression of gap junction protein connexin 43
Authors: Li Nan , Mruk Dolores D. , Chen Haiqi , Wong Chris K. C. , Lee Will M. , Cheng C. Yan
Published: July 2016

Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is an environmental toxicant used in developing countries, including China, as a stain repellent for clothing, carpets and draperies, but it has been banned in the U.S. and Canada since the late 2000s. PFOS perturbed the Sertoli cell tight junction (TJ)-permeability barrier, causing disruption of actin microfilaments in cell cytosol, perturbing the localization of cell junction proteins (e.g., occluden-ZO-1, N-cadherin-ß-catenin). These changes destabilized Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier (BTB) integrity. These findings suggest that human exposure to PFOS might induce BTB dysfunction and infertility. Interestingly, PFOS-induced Sertoli cell injury associated with a down-regulation of the gap junction (GJ) protein connexin43 (Cx43). We next investigated if overexpression of Cx43 in Sertoli cells could rescue the PFOS-induced cell injury. Indeed, overexpression of Cx43 in Sertoli cells with an established TJ-barrier blocked the disruption in PFOS-induced GJ-intercellular communication, resulting in the re-organization of actin microfilaments, which rendered them similar to those in control cells. Furthermore, cell adhesion proteins that utilized F-actin for attachment became properly distributed at the cell-cell interface, resealing the disrupted TJ-barrier. In summary, Cx43 is a good target that might be used to manage PFOS-induced reproductive dysfunction.
The association between types of regular primary care and hospitalization among people with and without multimorbidity: A household survey on 25,780 Chinese
Authors: Chung Roger Y. , Mercer Stewart W. , Yip Benjamin H. K. , Chan Stephanie W. C. , Lai Francisco T. T. , Wang Harry H. X. , Wong Martin C. S. , Wong Carmen K. M. , Sit Regina W. S. , Yeoh Eng-Kiong , Wong Samuel Y. S.
Published: July 2016

Using data collected from 25,780 Hong Kong citizens in a household survey, this study aimed to investigate the association between having regular source of primary care and hospitalization amongst people with and without multimorbidity (two or more chronic conditions). Potential interaction effects of regular primary care with multimorbidity were also examined. Results revealed a significant association between having regular source of primary care from General Practitioners and reduced hospitalization amongst respondents with multimorbidity (RR = 0.772; 95% CI = 0.667–0.894), adjusting for other potential confounding factors (i.e., socio-demographic factors and medical insurance and benefits). In contrast, having regular Specialist care was significantly associated with increased risk of hospitalization among both people with multimorbidity (RR = 1.619; 95% CI = 1.256–2.087) and without multimorbidity (RR = 1.981; 95% CI = 1.246–3.149), adjusting for potential confounders. A dose-response relationship between the number of chronic diseases and hospitalization was also observed, regardless of whether participants had regular source of primary care or not; relative risks and predicted probabilities for hospitalization were generally greater for those without regular source of primary care. Further studies are warranted to explore the role of healthcare system, informatics, organizational and practice-related factors on healthcare and functional outcomes.
Subject-Specific Effect of Metallic Body Accessories on Path Loss of Dynamic on-Body Propagation Channels
Authors: Rahim H. A. , Abdulmalek M. , Soh P. J. , Rani K. A. , Hisham N. , Vandenbosch G. A. E.
Published: July 2016

This paper presents the investigation of path loss variation for subject-specific on-body radio propagation channels, considering the effect of metallic spectacles and loop like metallic accessories. Adding metallic items may affect the operability of Body Centric Wireless Communications (BCWC). Measurements were carried out in an RF-shielded room lined with microwave absorbing sheets for strategically placed bodyworn antennas covering the upper front torso and the lower limbs. The path loss of the on-body radio channel was characterized explicitly taking into account the body size of the subjects. For metallic loop-like accessories, the results indicate that for underweight subjects, there was a slightly higher influence, up to 2%, compared to normal and overweight subjects. Our findings indicate that a noticeable effect exists on on-body channels for dynamic movements where the metallic watch acts as a local scatterer that affects the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) signal path between transmitter and receiver for underweight subjects in comparison to normal and overweight subjects. The path loss decreases when the receiving terminal was positioned very close to the metallic item. If a loop-like metallic accessory is not appropriately considered when designing the radio channel on a subject, the reliability of the body-centric wireless system may degrade.
Ethylene Response Factor TERF1, Regulated by ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3-like Factors, Functions in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Scavenging in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Authors: Zhang Hongbo , Li Ang , Zhang Zhijin , Huang Zejun , Lu Pingli , Zhang Dingyu , Liu Xinmin , Zhang Zhong-Feng , Huang Rongfeng
Published: July 2016

The phytohormone ethylene plays a crucial role in the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants under stress conditions. Ethylene response factors (ERFs) are important ethylene-signaling regulators functioning in plant defense responses against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the roles of ERFs during plant adapting to ROS stress have not yet been well documented. Our studies previously reported that a tomato ERF transcription factor TERF1 functions in the regulation of plant ethylene responses and stress tolerance. Here, we report our findings regarding the roles of TERF1 in ROS scavenging. In this study, we revealed that the transcription of TERF1 is regulated by upstream EIN3-like (EIN3, ethylene-insensitive 3) regulators LeEIL3 and LeEIL4 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and is also inducible by exogenous applied ROS-generating reagents. Ectopic expression of TERF1 in tobacco promoted the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress responses, including carbonic anhydrase functioning in hypersensitive defense, catalase and glutathione peroxidase catalyzing oxidative reactions and GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase functioning in ascorbic acid biosynthesis, reduced the ROS content induced by ethylene treatment and enhanced stress tolerance of tobacco seedlings to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Cumulatively, these findings suggest that TERF1 is an ethylene inducible factor regulating ROS scavenging during stress responses.
Seismic evidence for flow in the hydrated mantle wedge of the Ryukyu subduction zone
Authors: Nagaya Takayoshi , Walker Andrew M. , Wookey James , Wallis Simon R. , Ishii Kazuhiko , Kendall J. -Michael
Published: July 2016

It is widely accepted that water-rich serpentinite domains are commonly present in the mantle above shallow subducting slabs and play key roles in controlling the geochemical cycling and physical properties of subduction zones. Thermal and petrological models show the dominant serpentine mineral is antigorite. However, there is no good consensus on the amount, distribution and alignment of this mineral. Seismic velocities are commonly used to identify antigorite-rich domains, but antigorite is highly-anisotropic and depending on the seismic ray path, its properties can be very difficult to distinguish from non-hydrated olivine-rich mantle. Here, we utilize this anisotropy and show how an analysis of seismic anisotropy that incorporates measured ray path geometries in the Ryukyu arc can constrain the distribution, orientation and amount of antigorite. We find more than 54% of the wedge must consist of antigorite and the alignment must change from vertically aligned to parallel to the slab. This orientation change suggests convective flow in the hydrated forearc mantle. Shear wave splitting analysis in other subduction zones indicates large-scale serpentinization and forearc mantle convection are likely to be more widespread than generally recognized. The view that the forearc mantle of cold subduction zones is dry needs to be reassessed.
Correction: Corrigendum: Autophagy confers DNA damage repair pathways to protect the hematopoietic system from nuclear radiation injury
Authors: Lin Weiwei , Yuan Na , Wang Zhen , Cao Yan , Fang Yixuan , Li Xin , Xu Fei , Song Lin , Wang Jian , Zhang Han , Yan Lili , Xu Li , Zhang Xiaoying , Zhang Suping , Wang Jianrong
Published: July 2016

Scientific Reports 5: Article number: 12362; published online: 21 July 2015; updated: 20 July 2016 In this Article, an additional affiliation for Weiwei Lin was omitted. The correct affiliation is listed below: Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Natong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China.
Correction: Corrigendum: Integrated analysis of the involvement of nitric oxide synthesis in mitochondrial proliferation, mitochondrial deficiency and apoptosis in skeletal muscle fibres
Authors: Rodrigues Gabriela Silva , Godinho Rosely Oliveira , Kiyomoto Beatriz Hitomi , Gamba Juliana , Oliveira Acary Souza Bulle , Schmidt Beny , Tengan Célia Harumi
Published: July 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 20780; published online: 09 February 2016; updated: 20 July 2016 The Acknowledgements section in this Article is incomplete. “We are grateful to Prof. Alberto Alain Gabbai and Dr. Wladimir B. V. R. Pinto for valuable suggestions on the manuscript. This study wassupported by research grants 2007/03145-9 (CHT), 2007/00808-7 (GSR), São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES) to GSR and JG.
The active site architecture in peroxiredoxins: a case study on Mycobacterium tuberculosis AhpE
Authors: Pedre Brandán , van Bergen Laura A. H. , Palló Anna , Rosado Leonardo A. , Dufe Veronica Tamu , Molle Inge Van , Wahni Khadija , Erdogan Huriye , Alonso Mercedes , Proft Frank De , Messens Joris
Published: July 2016

Peroxiredoxin AhpE active site design to exclude water molecules.
Cyclooctyne [60]fullerene hexakis adducts: a globular scaffold for copper-free click chemistry
Authors: Ramos-Soriano Javier , Reina José J. , Pérez-Sánchez Alfonso , Illescas Beatriz M. , Rojo Javier , Martín Nazario
Published: July 2016

The synthesis of a new highly symmetric hexakis adduct of C60 appended with 12 cyclooctyne moieties has been carried out.
A multi-technique comparison of the electronic properties of pristine and nitrogen-doped polycrystalline SnO2
Authors: Livraghi S. , Barbero N. , Agnoli S. , Barolo C. , Granozzi G. , Sauvage F. , Giamello E.
Published: July 2016

The electronic structure of nitrogen doped tin(iv) oxide (SnO2) materials prepared in the form of nanometric powders has been characterized employing a variety of spectroscopic techniques.
Magnetism and variable temperature and pressure crystal structures of a linear oligonuclear cobalt bis-semiquinonate
Authors: Overgaard Jacob , Møller Louise H. , Borup Mette A. , Tricoire Maxime , Walsh James P. S. , Diehl Marcel , Rentschler Eva
Published: July 2016

The crystal structure of the first oligomeric cobalt dioxolene complex, Co3(3,5-DBSQ)2(tBuCOO)4(NEt3)2, 1, where DBSQ is 3,5-di-tert-butyl-semiquinonate, has been studied at various temperatures between 20 and 200 K.
The first organocopper tetrazole derivative: synthesis and characterization
Authors: Voitekhovich Sergei V. , Grigoriev Yuri V. , Lyakhov Alexander S. , Ivashkevich Ludmila S. , Ivashkevich Oleg A.
Published: July 2016

1-(5-Amino-3-azapentyl)tetrazole undergoes deprotometallation at the heteroring carbon atom giving an organocopper(ii) tetrazole derivative in which the Cu–C bonds are stabilized by a rigid chelating framework.
From ligands to binding motifs and beyond; the enhanced versatility of nanocrystal surfaces
Authors: De Roo J. , De Keukeleere K. , Hens Z. , Van Driessche I.
Published: July 2016

Surface chemistry bridges the gap between nanocrystal synthesis and their applications.
A visible light-driven photocatalyst of a stable metal–organic framework based on Cu4Cl clusters and TIPE spacers
Authors: Chen He , Liu Ping-Xiao , Xu Ning , Meng Xing , Wang Hai-Ning , Zhou Zi-Yan
Published: July 2016

This compound exhibits excellent degradation ability for RhB, MB and MO in the presence of H2O2 under visible light.
Angular resolution dependency in 2D LA-ICP-MS mapping – the case for low-dispersion laser ablation cells
Authors: van Elteren Johannes T. , Vanhaecke Frank
Published: July 2016

In LA-ICP-MS imaging mostly lateral resolution is considered, but this work will show that linear artifacts with an angular aspect to the line scan direction may have a different spatial resolution, depending on the blur introduced by LA sampling and aerosol washout/transfer.
Synthesis of the 2-formylpyrrole spiroketal pollenopyrroside A and structural elucidation of xylapyrroside A, shensongine A and capparisine B
Authors: Wood James M. , Furkert Daniel P. , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: July 2016

A convergent synthesis enabled structural elucidation of the 2-formyl pyrrole spiroketals pollenopyrroside A and shensongine A/xylapyrroside A. The key step involves a Maillard-type condensation to furnish the 2-formylpyrrole ring system.
A biocompatible cerasome based platform for direct electrochemistry of cholesterol oxidase and cholesterol sensing
Authors: Wu Shuyao , Chen Jiali , Liu Daliang , Zhuang Qian , Pei Qi , Xia Lixin , Zhang Qian , Kikuchi Jun-ichi , Hisaeda Yoshio , Song Xi-Ming
Published: July 2016

An electrochemical platform composed of a biocompatible cerasome and cholesterol oxidase for cholesterol sensing.
Highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells based on low concentration organic thiolate/disulfide redox couples
Authors: Zhang Ye , Sun Zhe , Shi Chengzhen , Yan Feng
Published: July 2016

An organic thiolate/disulfide (BMIT/BMIDT) redox couple was synthesized and applied in DSSCs with very low concentration.
Microhydration effects on the structures and electrophilic properties of cytidine
Authors: Shao Peng , Ding Li-Ping , Cai Jiang-Tao , Lu Cheng , Liu Bo , Sun Chang-Bo
Published: July 2016

Adiabatic electron affinities (AEAs) for cytidine hydrates with up to four water molecules.
Zika virus drug targets: a missing link in drug design and discovery – a route map to fill the gap
Authors: Ramharack Pritika , Soliman Mahmoud E. S.
Published: July 2016

This review depicts anin silicoroute map for ZIKV drug discovery, thus revealing novel potential inhibitors of viral replication.
Theoretical study of electronic and mechanical properties of Fe2B
Authors: Deng Shiyu , Zhao Jiashi , Wei Shubo , Zhu Chunye , Lv Jian , Li Quan , Zheng Weitao
Published: July 2016

Fe2B is ultra-incompressible under static pressure but rather flexible under uniaxial or shear strain conditions.