bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MicroRNAs Transfer from Human Macrophages to Hepato-Carcinoma Cells and Inhibit Proliferation
Authors: Aucher Anne , Rudnicka Dominika , Davis Daniel M.
Published: November 2013

Recent research has indicated a new mode of intercellular communication facilitated by the movement of RNA between cells. There is evidence that RNA can transfer between cells in a multitude of ways, including in complex with proteins or lipids or in vesicles, including apoptotic bodies and exosomes. However, there remains little understanding of the function of nucleic acid transfer between human cells. In this article, we report that human macrophages transfer microRNAs (miRNAs) to hepato-carcinoma cells (HCCs) in a manner that required intercellular contact and involved gap junctions. Two specific miRNAs transferred efficiently between these cells—miR-142 and miR-223—and both were endogenously expressed in macrophages and not in HCCs. Transfer of these miRNAs influenced posttranscriptional regulation of proteins in HCCs, including decreased expression of reporter proteins and endogenously expressed stathmin-1 and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor. Importantly, transfer of miRNAs from macrophages functionally inhibited proliferation of these cancerous cells. Thus, these data led us to propose that intercellular transfer of miRNA from immune cells could serve as a new defense against unwanted cell proliferation or tumor growth.
On Borders: From Ancient to Postmodern Times
Authors: Bellezza G.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. The article deals with the evolution of the concept of borders between human groups and with its slow evolution from the initial no men’s land zones to the ideal single-dimension linear borders. In ancient times the first borders were natural, such as mountain ranges or large rivers until, with the development of Geodesy, astronomical borders based on meridians and parallels became a favourite natural base. Actually, Modern States adopted these to fix limits in unknown conquered territories. The postmodern thought led give more importance to cultural borders until, in the most recent times, is becoming rather impossible to fix borders in the virtual cyberspace.
A Dynamic Integration Method for Borderland Database using OSM data
Authors: Zhou X.-G. , Jiang Y. , Zhou K.-X. , Zeng L.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Spatial data is the fundamental of borderland analysis of the geography, natural resources, demography, politics, economy, and culture. As the spatial region used in borderland researching usually covers several neighboring countries’ borderland regions, the data is difficult to achieve by one research institution or government. VGI has been proven to be a very successful means of acquiring timely and detailed global spatial data at very low cost. Therefore VGI will be one reasonable source of borderland spatial data. OpenStreetMap (OSM) has been known as the most successful VGI resource. But OSM data model is far different from the traditional authoritative geographic information. Thus the OSM data needs to be converted to the scientist customized data model. With the real world changing fast, the converted data needs to be updated. Therefore, a dynamic integration method for borderland data is presented in this paper. In this method, a machine study mechanism is used to convert the OSM data model to the user data model; a method used to select the changed objects in the researching area over a given period from OSM whole world daily diff file is presented, the change-only information file with designed form is produced automatically. Based on the rules and algorithms mentioned above, we enabled the automatic (or semiautomatic) integration and updating of the borderland database by programming. The developed system was intensively tested.
Borderlands Modelling and Understanding with GISs: Challenges and Research Agenda
Authors: Chen J. , Ge Y. J. , Cheng Y. , Li R. , Cao Y.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Borderland regions are special areas and deserve more attention in global sustainable development. Reliable information and effective analysis tools are requested to support borderlands studies through the integrated utilization of geospatial analysis, web service, as well as the other domain-specific expertise. This paper has reviewed the state-of-the-art of borderlands modelling and understanding. From the perspective of geospatial information sciences (GIS), integrated data modelling, comprehensive analysis and collaborative information service are identified as the three major challenges in this filed. A research agenda is further proposed with four topics, i.e., classification and representation of borderland information, derivation of neighborhood information, development of synergetic analysis, and design and development of a geo-portal for borderlands studies. This interdisciplinary study requires a closer and in-depth collaboration of geopolitics, international relation, geography and geo-spatial information sciences.
Design and Implementation of Surrounding Transaction Plotting and Management System Based on Google Map API
Authors: Cao Y. B. , Hua Y. X. , Zhao J. X. , Guo S. M.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. With China’s rapid economic development and comprehensive national strength growing, Border work has become a long-term and important task in China’s diplomatic work. How to implement rapid plotting, real-time sharing and mapping surrounding affairs has taken great significance for government policy makers and diplomatic staff. However, at present the already exists Boundary information system are mainly have problems of Geospatial data update is heavily workload, plotting tools are in a state of serious lack of, Geographic events are difficult to share, this phenomenon has seriously hampered the smooth development of the border task. The development and progress of Geographic information system technology especially the development of Web GIS offers the possibility to solve the above problems, this paper adopts four layers of B/S architecture, with the support of Google maps service, uses the free API which is offered by Google maps and its features of openness, ease of use, sharing characteristics, highresolution images to design and implement the surrounding transaction plotting and management system based on the web development technology of ASP.NET, C#, Ajax. The system can provide decision support for government policy makers as well as diplomatic staff’s real-time plotting and sharing of surrounding information. The practice has proved that the system has good usability and strong real-time.
Research on Geographical Environment Unit Division Based on the Method of Natural Breaks (Jenks)
Authors: Chen J. , Yang S. T. , Li H. W. , Zhang B. , Lv J. R.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Zoning which is to divide the study area into different zones according to their geographical differences at the global, national or regional level, includes natural division, economic division, geographical zoning of departments, comprehensive zoning and so on. Zoning is of important practical significance, for example, knowing regional differences and characteristics, regional research and regional development planning, understanding the favorable and unfavorable conditions of the regional development etc. Geographical environment is arising from the geographical position linkages. Geographical environment unit division is also a type of zoning. The geographical environment indicators are deeply studied and summed up in the article, including the background, the associated and the potential. The background indicators are divided into four categories, such as the socio-economic, the political and military, the strategic resources and the ecological environment, which can be divided into more sub-indexes. While the sub-indexes can be integrated to comprehensive index system by weighted stacking method. The Jenks natural breaks classification method, also called the Jenks optimization method, is a data classification method designed to determine the best arrangement of values into different classes. This is done by seeking to minimize each class’s average deviation from the class mean, while maximizing each class’s deviation from the means of the other groups. In this paper, the experiment of Chinese surrounding geographical environment unit division has been done based on the natural breaks (jenks) method, the geographical environment index system and the weighted stacking method, taking South Asia as an example. The result indicates that natural breaks (jenks) method is of good adaptability and high accuracy on the geographical environment unit division. The geographical environment research was originated in the geopolitics and flourished in the geo-economics. The main representatives of the geopolitics are German geographer Friedrich Ratzel, British geographer Mackinder and American geographical politician Nicholas John Spykman etc. The main representative of the geo-economics is American geographical economist Edward Luttwak. China has the most neighboring countries in the world, and its geographical environment is extremely complex. With the continuous development of globalization, China's relations with neighboring countries have become more complex and more closely. So it is very meaningful to have depth research on geographical environment unit division of China.
Cartogram: A New Perspective to Understand the Distribution of Geopolitical Data
Authors: Liao H. , Dong W. H.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. The global competitiveness index (GCI) of a country is a comprehensive indicator to measure its social-economic development, sustainability and prospects reflecting national competitiveness by World Economic Forum (WEF, 2013). Thematic maps are commonly used to visualize such geo-distributed data. Cartogram resizes the area of polygons according to a specific variable providing a new perspective to understand the distribution of country's competitiveness on world. Essentially, cartogram presents a different cognitive space which differs from the well-known geographic space. In this paper, we generate the GCI cartogram with a combination of color scheme and compare it with the traditional thematic map to gain a better understanding of the distribution of country’s competitiveness.
The study of the effect of small-scale turbulence on internal gravity waves propagation in a pycnocline
Authors: Druzhinin O. A. , Ostrovsky L. A. , Zilitinkevich S. S.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. This paper presents the results of modeling the interaction between internal waves (IWs) and turbulence using direct numerical simulation (DNS). Turbulence is excited and supported by a random forcing localized in a vertical layer separated from the pycnocline. The main attention is paid to the internal wave damping due to turbulence and comparison of the results with those obtained theoretically by using the semi-empirical approach. It is shown that the IW damping rate predicted by the theory agrees well with the DNS results when turbulence is sufficiently strong to be only weakly perturbed by the internal wave; however, the theory overestimates the damping rate of IWs for a weaker turbulence. The DNS parameters are matched to the parameters of the laboratory experiment, and an extrapolation to the oceanic scales is also provided.
Measuring transportation at a human scale: An intercept survey approach to capture pedestrian activity
Authors: Schneider Robert James
Published: November 2013

Pedestrian travel data are critical for measuring and analyzing sustainable transportation systems. However, traditional household travel surveys and analysis methods often ignore secondary modes, such as walking from a street parking space to a store entrance or walking from a bus stop to home. New data collection and analysis techniques are needed, especially in areas where walking is common. This paper describes an intercept survey methodology used to measure retail pharmacy customer travel to, from, and within 20 shopping districts in the San Francisco Bay Area. Of the 1003 respondents, 959 (96 percent) reported all modes of travel used from leaving home until returning home, including secondary modes. Walking was the primary travel mode on 21 percent of respondent tours, but an analysis of secondary modes found that 52 percent of tours included some walking. Pedestrian travel was particularly common within shopping districts, accounting for 65 percent of all trips within 804 meters (0.5 miles) of survey stores. Detailed walking path data from the survey showed that respondents in denser, more mixed-use shopping districts tended to walk along the main commercial street as well as other streets connecting to the core shopping area, while respondent pedestrian movements in automobile-oriented shopping districts tended to be contained within specific shopping complexes.
Biological characterization of a recombinant pseudorabies virus
Authors: Álvarez E. , Álvarez E. , Prieto C. , Martínez-Lobo F.J. , Castro J.M.
Published: November 2013

In a previous study we obtained and characterized in vitro a novel pseudorabies virus (PRV) variant named gIp2 with a TK, gI/gE, 11k and 28k negative phenotype and a duplication of PK gene. The main objective of the present study was to determine the safety and efficacy, as a vaccine candidate, of this recombinant PRV. For this purpose, we used 24 PRV seronegative three weeks old piglets that were divided into five groups of treatment. Piglets of groups A and B were immunized twice with 10E6.5 and 10E5.5 TCID sub(50) of gIp2, respectively; pigs of group C were vaccinated twice with MLV vaccine Auskipra GN and pigs of groups D and E were not immunized and served as infected and uninfected controls, respectively. Four weeks after the second immunization pigs of groups A, B, C and D were challenged by intranasal inoculation of 106 TCID sub(50) of the wildtype NIA-3 strain of PRV. No adverse reactions or clinical signs were observed in any group after immunization, indicating that the application of up to 10 times the conventional dose included in a commercial vaccine (i.e. 10E5.5 TCID sub(50)) of gIp2 was safe in piglets. Additionally, the inoculation of gIp2 induced an immune response able to provide clinical and virological protection against pseudorabies virus after challenge. In conclusion, the use of gIp2 in piglets as a vaccine virus is safe and induces an immunity comparable to that exerted by commercially available vaccines.
Nutritional value of raw and extruded chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) for growing chickens
Authors: Brenes A. , Viveros A. , Centeno C. , Arija I. , Marzo F.
Published: November 2013

The effects of the inclusion of different concentrations (0, 100, 200 and 300 g/kg) of raw and extruded chickpeas on performance, digestive organ sizes, and protein and fat digestibilities were studied in one experiment with growing broiler chickens (0 to 21 days of age). Data were analyzed as a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement with three levels of chickpea with or without extrusion. A corn-soybean based diet was used as a positive control. Increasing chickpea content in the diet did not affect weight gain, feed consumption and feed to gain ratio. Relative pancreas and liver weights, and relative lengths of duodenum, jejunum and ceca were significantly (P
Clinical mastitis in Spanish dairy cows: incidence and costs
Authors: Pérez-Cabal M.A. , Yaici S. , Alenda R.
Published: November 2013

Clinical mastitis in Spanish dairy herds has been studied. Since April 2005 up to December 2006, in 25 Spanish herds 1,054 cases registered were available. Aims were to determine mastitis incidence and factors of risk, to analyze whether yield production has been affected, and to quantify mastitis costs along 2006. The 25% lactations were infected at least once with average recurrence of 1.64. Descriptive analysis showed that 29% of cases occurred within the first month after calving. Primiparous showed higher mastitis frequency at early and late lactation while in multiparous cases number was progressively decreasing since the first month. Multiparous were statistically more liable to mastitis than primiparous. Mastitis did not show effect on yield production. Mastitis costs included treatment products and discarded milk. Individual daily production at each case onset was estimated by using monthly official milking records. An average mastitis case cost was 73.93 Euros, cheaper in primiparous than in multiparous because of lower milk production. Average discarded milk represented 74% of total cost per case. Mastitis costs were 117 Euros per infected cow and lactation. Then, annual economic losses due to mastitis were 3,190 Euros per average herd, showing the concern of producers on selecting resistant animals as well as the importance of the implementation of systematic recording for clinical mastitis in Spanish dairy farms.
Short communication. Inheritance of yield, yield components and resistance to major diseases in Sesamum indicum L.
Authors: El-Bramawy M.A.S. , Shaban W.I.
Published: November 2013

Field experiments were conducted over 2005 and 2006 to study the gene action associated with yield and ten yield components, as well as resistance Fusarium wilt, charcoal rot and Alternaria leaf spot, in 6 x 6 half-diallel sesame progenies (F1). Highly significant differences among the 15 F1s and their six parents were detected with respect to all the investigated traits. A preponderance of non-additive genetic variance was seen for all the studied traits, except for days to maturity and resistance to Alternaria leaf spot. Ten traits showed overdominance. Recessive alleles were predominantly involved in fruiting branches/plant, capsules/plant and single plant yield. The distribution of genes with positive and negative effects were symmetrical or nearly symmetrical with respect to 1000-seed weight, charcoal rot disease resistance, fruiting branches/plant, capsules/plant, single plant yield, and oil content. The parents possessed mostly negative genes in dominant form with respect to capsules/plant, 1000-seed weight, oil content, and resistance to charcoal rot and Alternaria leaf spot; positive genes in recessive form were observed for the rest of the studied traits. Given the gene action observed, biparental mating or diallel selective mating and heterosis breeding is suggested for the improvement of sesame.
Short communication. Evaluation of castor (Ricinus communis L.) induced mutants for possible selection in the improvement of seed yield
Authors: Sarwar G. , Chaudhry M.B.
Published: November 2013

The aim of the present work was to determine selection criteria suitable for developing castor ideotypes with high yield potentials. Nineteen M4 generation castor mutants were obtained by gamma irradiation (100 to 1000 Gy) of DS30 castor seeds, and evaluated alongside this reference variety over 2006-07 for their possible use in the improvement of castor seed yield. Days to ripening, plant height, number of spikes/plant, length of main spike, number of main spike capsules, capsule weight, 100-seed weight and seed yield per plant were recorded for each mutant. Correlation coefficients were calculated, path analyses performed, and the genetic features of the different traits were determined. A significant, positive correlation was seen between capsule weight and seed yield. The 100-seed weight showed a positive but non-significant phenotypic relationship plus a significant genotypic relationship with seed yield. Capsule weight also showed a strong direct effect on seed yield, plus a strong positive and significant genotypic correlation with this variable. More than 50% heritability was observed for all the traits studied except the 100-seed weight and capsule weight. The number of main spike capsules showed the greatest genetic advance, followed by spike length and number of spikes. Traits such as the number of capsules, spike length and number of spikes showed strong heritability and good genetic advance. These traits are therefore governed by additive genes, and for the improvement of seed yield selection may be based directly on these attributes. In conclusion, for the improvement of seed yield the main emphasis should be placed on the number of spikes and capsule weight, via the selection of the highest yielding mutants among those tested. However, spike length and 100-seed weight should also be taken into account.
Short communication. Effect of deficit irrigation on curly lettuce grown under semiarid conditions
Authors: Kuslu Y. , Dursun A. , Sahin U. , Kiziloglu F.M. , Turan M.
Published: November 2013

Field experiments were conducted to characterize the effects of deficit irrigation on curly lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa cv. Bohemia) evapotranspiration, water use efficiency, marketable yield, yield components and mineral contents. The experiments were performed under semiarid climatic conditions in Erzurum province (east of Turkey) in the summer periods of 2005 and 2006. Irrigation water levels were selected to be 100% of usable soil water in full irrigation treatment (control) (T-100) and 80%, 60%, 40% and 20% of usable soil water in deficit irrigation treatments (T-80, T-60, T-40 and T- 20, respectively). Average seasonal evapotranspiration was 232 mm in T-100 and 121 mm in T-20. Average marketable yield was 39.49 Mg/ha in T-100 and 14.57 Mg/ha in T-20. A linear relationship (y = 0.23x-13.97; R2 = 0.94) was found between seasonal evapotranspiration (x) and marketable plant yield (y). According to the regression equation, the yield response factor (ky) was found to be 1.39, and the coefficient of determination 0.91. Average water use efficiency was 168.88 kg/ha/mm in T-100 and 117.39 kg/ha/mm in T-20. The lowest plant length, width, steam diameter, leaf number, macro and micro element content values were obtained for T-20 in both years.
Effect of mycorrhiza application on plant growth and nutrient uptake in cucumber production under field conditions
Authors: Ortas I.
Published: November 2013

Mycorrhiza application in horticultural production in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey has been studied under field conditions for several years. The effects of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been evaluated under field conditions for cucumber production. The parameters measured were seedling survival, plant growth and yield, and root colonization. In 1998 and 1999, Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatum inoculated cucumber seedlings were treated with and without P (100 kg P2O5 ha-1) application. A second experiment was set up to evaluate the response of cucumber to the inoculation with a consortia of indigenous mycorrhizae, G. mosseae, G. etunicatum, Glomus clarum, Glomus caledonium and a mixture of these four species. Inoculated and control non inoculated cucumber seedlings were established under field conditions in 1998, 2001, 2002 and 2004. Seedling quality, seedling survival under field conditions and yield response to mycorrhiza were tested. Fruits were harvested periodically; at blossom, plant leaves and root samples were taken for nutrient content and mycorrhizal colonization analysis respectively. The field experiment results showed that mycorrhiza inoculation significantly increased cucumber seedling survival, fruit yield, P and Zn shoot concentrations. Indigenous mycorrhiza inoculum was successful in colonizing plant roots and resulted in better plant growth and yield. The relative effectiveness of each of the inocula tested was not consistent in the different experiments, although inoculated plants always grew better than control no inoculated. The most relevant result for growers was the increased survival of seedlings.
Effect of different plant densities on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community in a long-term maize monocrop system
Authors: Sasvári Z. , Posta K.
Published: November 2013

The association between terrestrial plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is one of the most widespread mutualistic plant-fungus interactions in natural and cropping systems. We studied the effect of different plant densities (70,000 and 100,000 plant ha-1) on species diversity and community structure of AM fungi associated with maize (Zea mays L.) in a long-term crop production experiment established in Martonvásár, Hungary. Based on the differences in small subunit (SSU)/18S ribosomal genes nested-PCR procedure was used to identify groups of AM fungi that are active in the colonization of maize roots. Shannon-Wiener diversity index of AM fungi were 1.43 ± 0.37 and 1.31 ± 0.50 at 70,000 plant ha-1 and 100,000 plant ha-1 respectively. All of sequence types we found belonging to the Glomus clade. Besides Glomus A fungi, only the members of the Glomus B group occurred, however at significantly lower frequency. There were differences in the phylogenetic group composition of AM fungi demonstrating the effect of different plant densities on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Short Communication. Effect of saline soil parameters on endomycorrhizal colonisation of dominant halophytes in four Hungarian sites
Authors: Füzy A. , Biró B. , Tóth T.
Published: November 2013

Soil and root samples were collected from the rhizosphere of dominant halophytes (Artemisia santonicum, Aster tripolium, Festuca pseudovina, Lepidium crassifolium, Plantago maritima and Puccinellia limosa) at four locations with saline soils in Hungary. The correlations- between arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungal colonisation parameters (% colonisation, % arbuscules) and soil physical, chemical and biological parameters were determined Endomycorrhiza colonisation was found to be negatively correlated with the electric conductivity of the soil paste, the salt-specific ion concentrations and the cation exchange capacity, showing the sensitivity of AM fungi at increasing salt concentrations, independently of the types of salt-specific anions. A positive correlation was detected between the mycorrhiza colonisation and the abundance of oligotroph bacteria known to be the less variable and more stable (k-strategist) group. This fact and the negative correlation found with the humus content underlines the importance of nutrient availability and the limitations of the symbiotic interactions in stressed saline or sodic soils.
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizas on reproductive traits in sexually dimorphic plants: a review
Authors: Varga S.
Published: November 2013

Most plant species grow in association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in their roots forming arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. The positive effects of this type of symbiosis on plant’s performance are well known and established. However, relatively little is known about how AM symbiosis affects plant reproduction, even though reproduction is probably the most important component of life history. This review begins with a summary of the existing data on plants with monomorphic breeding systems, as most of the research has been performed using hermaphroditic and monoecious plants. Later, the limited number of studies examining mycorrhizal effects on plants with dimorphic breeding systems is detailed. Finally, several key areas for future investigations are highlighted. These include examination of the incidence of sex-specific interactions in other plant species with dimorphic systems, the influence of AM symbiosis in seed germination and establishment in plants with different gender, or the study of the mechanisms behind the AM effects seen on plant reproduction. Evidence suggests that AM symbioses are beneficial for plants with monomorphic and dimorphic breeding systems, as AM symbioses improve both sexual and asexual reproduction. However, the effects observed strongly depend on both the plant and the AM fungus species involved. Plant interactions with AM fungi and the outcome of these interactions may further depend on the gender of the host: sex-specific patterns of root colonization and sex-specific benefits from AM symbioses have been reported in several plant species. However, the incidence and the importance of sex-specific relationships between AM fungi and plants are still largely unexplored.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as bioprotector agents against wilt induced by Verticillium spp. in pepper: a review
Authors: Goicoechea N. , Garmendia I. , Sánchez-Díaz M. , Aguirreolea J.
Published: November 2013

Verticillium dahliae Kleb. is a vascular pathogen that alters water status and growth of pepper plants and causes drastic reductions in yield. Its control is difficult because it can survive in field soil for several years. The application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as bioprotector agents against V. dahliae is an alternative to the use of chemicals which, in addition, is more respectful with the environment. The establishment of the mutualistic association of plant roots and AMF involves a continuous cellular and molecular dialogue between both symbionts that includes the preactivation of plant defense responses that may enhance the resistance or tolerance of mycorrhizal plants to soil-borne pathogens. Some AMF can improve the resistance of Capsicum annuum L. against V. dahliae. This is especially relevant for pepper cultivars (i.e. cv. Piquillo) that exhibit high susceptibility to this pathogen. Compared with non-mycorrhizal plants, mycorrhizal pepper can exhibit more balanced antioxidant metabolism in leaves along the first month after pathogen inoculation, which may contribute to delay both the development of disease symptoms and the decrease of photosynthesis in Verticillium-inoculated plants with the subsequent benefit for yield. In stems, mycorrhizal pepper show earlier and higher deposition of lignin in xylem vessels than nonmycorrhizal plants, even in absence of the pathogen. Moreover, AMF can induce new isoforms of acidic chitinases and superoxide dismutase in roots. Mycorrhizal-specific induction of these enzymatic activities together with enhanced peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in roots may also be involved in the bioprotection of Verticillium-induced wilt in pepper by AMF
François Du Creux, historien et apologiste
Authors: Hamel Amélie
Published: November 2013

Cet article se propose d’étudier la réécriture des Relations dans le but de comprendre l’intérêt, pour les jésuites, de publier les Historiae canadensis (François Du Creux, Paris, Cramoisy et Mabre-Cramoisy, 1664). L’étude s’attache dans un premier temps au contenu de l’oeuvre en tant que vérité historique. Elle dégage, d’une part, sa cohérence telle que l’envisage Du Creux dans les pages liminaires. D’autre part, elle s’intéresse à la relation que cette histoire entretient avec ses sources en analysant la construction de l’ethos de l’historien, capable de défendre la vérité transmise par l’ouvrage grâce à la mise en scène du travail de réécriture. La seconde partie se consacre à la manière dont Du Creux utilise le genre historique au service de la Compagnie de Jésus. L’examen porte d’abord sur les passages où l’auteur se réclame de son statut d’historien pour prendre une position prudente sur la délicate question de la sainteté. La démonstration de l’usage apologétique de cette histoire sur les questions de commerce et, surtout, de théologie, clôt l’étude. Ces considérations mènent à la formulation d’hypothèses sur les raisons ayant pu motiver la réécriture des Relations.
L’industrie de l’hospitalité et l’édition de guides touristiques – Le cas de Québec et des hôtels d’escale, 1874-1917
Authors: Léger Danielle
Published: November 2013

Un inventaire des guides touristiques publiés par des hôtels québécois avant la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale permet d’identifier 11 projets éditoriaux impliquant des hôtels de Québec, ainsi que des hôtels d’escale détenus par des compagnies de transport maritime ou ferroviaire sur le territoire québécois. Histoires de la publicité, de l’industrie hôtelière, du développement régional et du tourisme sont interpellées afin de mettre en contexte ces projets d’édition et de les interpréter en fonction de l’évolution singulière de chacun des hôtels. L’auteure examine ensuite les stratégies de communication touristique des guides d’hôtels. Le phénomène plus large de la prestation de services touristiques par les hôteliers est aussi évoqué en tant que jalon d’une histoire culturelle des hôtels québécois qui reste à écrire.
Genèse et description des bibliothèques numériques
Authors: Da Sylva Lyne
Published: November 2013

Les bibliothèques numériques sont des collections constituées de ressources numériques et des fonctionnalités donnant accès à ces dernières. Cet article décrit d’abord la naissance des bibliothèques numériques, issues de l’informatique mais puisant maintenant aux traditions de plusieurs disciplines et institutions, qui ont chacune un point de vue différent sur celles-ci. Un panorama des bibliothèques numériques existantes est présenté, avec les particularités de chacune. Des enjeux multiples sont soulevés par le développement des bibliothèques numériques : enjeux économiques, technologiques, juridiques, etc. Ces enjeux sont détaillés dans le texte, comme autant de pistes de recherche qui s’ouvrent à la communauté. L’article se termine sur une note prédictive : il évoque les développements prévisibles, selon les perspectives des disciplines et institutions touchées.
Le cadre juridique réservé aux bibliothèques numériques
Authors: Vermeys Nicolas
Published: November 2013

Le fait, pour les bibliothèques, de donner accès à des ressources numériques, a changé le cadre juridique dans lequel elles évoluent et leur responsabilité quant à ces contenus. L’auteur se penche ainsi sur la responsabilité qui incombe aux bibliothécaires pour les contenus numériques qu’ils gèrent et auxquels ils donnent accès. Cette responsabilité se décline sur deux plans. D’abord, le bibliothécaire, selon le niveau de contrôle qu’il exerce sur l’information diffusée, pourra entraîner sa responsabilité pour les contenus diffamatoires, plagiés ou autrement illicites auxquels il donne accès. Ensuite, l’émergence de contenus numériques vient complètement transformer la qualification juridique du prêt, lequel sera maintenant assimilable à une communication au public par télécommunication, un changement conceptuel qui aura d’importantes incidences sur les obligations du bibliothécaire.
Successful Treatment by Balloon Angioplasty Under Portography for Late-Onset Stenosis of Portal Vein After Cadaveric Liver Transplantation
Authors: Shiba Hiroaki , Sadaoka Shunichi , Wakiyama Shigeki , Ishida Yuichi , Misawa Takeyuki , Yanaga Katsuhiko
Published: November 2013

A 69-year-old woman, who underwent cadaveric liver transplantation for non-B, non-C liver cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma in April 2009, was admitted to our hospital because of graft dysfunction. Enhanced computed tomography revealed stenosis of the left branch of the portal vein, obstruction of the right branch of the portal vein at porta hepatis, and esophagogastric varices. Balloon angioplasty of the left branch of the portal vein under transsuperior mesenteric venous portography was performed by minilaparotomy. After dilatation of the left branch of the portal vein, the narrow segment of the portal vein was dilated, which resulted in reduction of collateral circulation. At 7 days after balloon angioplasty, esophageal varices were improved. The patient made a satisfactory recovery, was discharged 8 days after balloon angioplasty, and remains well.
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Silver-Coated Dressing, Chlorhexidine Acetate (0.5%), Citric Acid (3%), and Silver Sulfadiazine (1%) for Topical Antibacterial Effects Against the Multi-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infecting Full-Skin Thickness Burn Wounds on Rats
Authors: Yabanoglu Hakan , Basaran Ozgur , Aydogan Cem , Azap Ozlem Kurt , Karakayali Feza , Moray Gokhan
Published: November 2013

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of four different topical antimicrobial dressings on a multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa contaminated full-thickness burn wound rat model. A total of 40 adult male Wistar albino rats were used. The control group (group 1), silver sulfadiazine (1%) group 2, chlorhexidine acetate (0.5%) group 3, citric acid (3%) group 4, and silver-coated dressing group 5 were compared to assess the antibacterial effects of a daily application to a 30% full-skin thickness burn wound seeded 10 minutes earlier with 108 CFU (colony forming unit)/0.5 mL of a multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain. Five groups (1 control group and 4 treatment groups) were compared. The administration of third-degree burns to all rats was confirmed based on histopathologic data. The tissue cultures from groups 2 and 5 exhibited significant differences compared to those of the other 3 groups, whereas no significant differences were observed between groups 1, 3, and 4. The effectiveness of the treatments was as follows: 1% silver sulfadiazine > silver-coated dressing > 3% citric acid > 0.5% chlorhexidine acetate > control group. Our results supported the efficacy of topical therapy by silver sulfadiazine and silver-coated dressing on infections caused by multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas spp.
Trigger Finger Release With Stepwise Preservation of the A1 Pulley: A Functional Pulley-Preserving Technique
Authors: Niumsawatt Vachara , Mao David , Salerno Stephen , Rozen Warren M.
Published: November 2013

The first annular (A1) pulley is an important structure of the hand, providing a biomechanical support to the metacarpophalangeal joint and maintaining joint stability and flexor tendon alignment. Albeit uncommon, disruption of this pulley can result in dislocation or ulnar drift of the digit, particularly pronounced in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Despite this, the A1 pulley is commonly divided without reconstruction in trigger finger. Several annular pulley reconstructive techniques have been developed to preserve its function. However, development of recurrent triggering has been observed due to fibrosis, largely due to inadequate release of the pulley. We have developed a technique to increase the volume within the flexor sheath while preserving the A1 pulley by way of stepwise lengthening. This has enabled an increase in the diameter of the pulley to 4 times its original size. A prospective study was performed comprising 10 trigger finger releases with stepwise lengthening of the A1 pulley. In all patients, there were no complications, and good hand function was achieved with no recurrence of triggering at 6 weeks of follow-up. This technique can thus safely achieve trigger release without sacrifice of the function of the A1 pulley.
Stapleless Laparoscopic Splenectomy Using Harmonic Scalpel by 2-Step Sealing
Authors: Fujioka Shuichi , Yoshida Kazuhiko , Okamoto Tomoyoshi , Yanaga Katsuhiko
Published: November 2013

Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) has been accepted as a safe and effective procedure as compared with open splenectomy. Recently, there have been a few reports on the LigaSure vessel sealing system as an alternative hemostasis to clip ligation. Here we report the experience of LS using an alternative energy device, Harmonic Scalpel laparoscopic coagulating shears (LCS). Preliminary experience of LS with LCS for a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is reported. Generally, two-step sealing with LCS was used for vessels of the splenic pedicle approximately 5 mm in diameter without using the Endo-GIA stapler. Operative time was 93 minutes, and blood loss was 40 mL. The patient was discharged on the third postoperative day with no intraoperative or postoperative complications. The LS with LCS was performed safely using two-step sealing. Further experience is necessary to verify the safety of this procedure.
Critical Analysis of Strattice Performance in Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction: Intermediate–Risk Patients and Early Complications
Authors: Patel Ketan M. , Albino Frank P. , Nahabedian Maurice Y. , Bhanot Parag
Published: November 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance of a porcine-derived acellular dermal matrix (Strattice Reconstructive Tissue Matrix) in patients at increased risk for perioperative complications. We reviewed medical records for patients with complex abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) and Strattice underlay from 2007 to 2010. Intermediate-risk patients were defined as having multiple comorbidities without abdominal infection. Forty-one patients met the inclusion criteria (mean age, 60 years; mean body mass index, 35.5 kg/m2). Comorbidities included coronary artery disease (63.4%), diabetes mellitus (36.6%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (17.1%). Fascial closure was achieved in 40 patients (97.6%). Average hospitalization was 6.4 days (range, 1–24 days). Complications included seroma (7.3%), wound dehiscence with Strattice exposure (4.9%), cellulitis (2.4%), and hematoma (2.4%). All patients achieved abdominal wall closure with no recurrent hernias or need for Strattice removal. Patients with multiple comorbidities at intermediate risk of postoperative complications can achieve successful, safe AWR with Strattice.
Expression of GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 in Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis Induced a Positive Result on 18F-FDG PET: Report of a Case
Authors: Sawada Shigeaki , Shimada Yutaka , Sekine Shinichi , Shibuya Kazuto , Yoshioka Isaku , Matsui Koshi , Okumura Tomoyuki , Yoshida Toru , Nagata Takuya , Uotani Hideyuki , Tsukada Kazuhiro
Published: November 2013

Although several reports have revealed that fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) is useful for differentiating between benign and malignant lesions in the gallbladder, the positive results of 18F-FDG PET are not specific for malignancy because 18F-FDG is also accumulated in inflammatory lesions. It is known that the most important pathway for 18F-FDG to enter the cell body is mediated by the facilitative glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) through GLUT-3. We herein present a case of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) with a positive result on 18F-FDG PET. In this case, GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 were both positively expressed in inflammatory cells at the gallbladder wall of XGC and this is the first report to reveal GLUT expression in XGC. This report reveals that surgeons should carefully consider the appropriate treatment of gallbladder tumor, even with a positive result on 18F-FDG PET.
Characteristics of water‐soluble inorganic and organic ions in aerosols over the Southern Ocean and coastal East Antarctica during austral summer
Authors: Xu Guojie , Gao Yuan , Lin Qi , Li Wei , Chen Liqi
Published: November 2013

To characterize the concentrations and size distributions of water‐soluble organic and inorganic aerosol species, including Na+, non‐sea‐salt sulfate (nss SO42−), methane sulfonate (MSA), oxalate, and succinate, over the Southern Ocean (SO) and coastal East Antarctica (CEA), bulk and size‐segregated aerosols were collected from 40°S, 100°E to 69°S, 76°E and between 69°S, 76°E and 66°S, 110°E during a cruise from November 2010 to March 2011. Results show that sea salt was the major component of the total aerosol mass, accounting for 72% over the SO and 56% over CEA. The average concentrations of nss SO42− varied from 420 ng m−3 over the SO to 480 ng m−3 over CEA. The concentrations of MSA ranged from 63 to 87 ng m−3 over the SO and from 46 to 170 ng m−3 in CEA. The average concentrations of oxalate were 3.8 ng m−3 over the SO and 2.2 ng m−3 over CEA. The concentrations of formate, acetate, and succinate were lower than those of oxalate. A bimodal size distribution of aerosol mass existed over CEA, peaking at 0.32–0.56 µm and 3.2–5.6 µm. MSA was accumulated in particles of 0.32–0.56 µm over CEA. High chloride depletion was associated with fine‐mode particles enriched with nss SO42−, MSA, and oxalate. Higher cation‐to‐anion and NH4+/nss SO42− ratios in aerosols over CEA compared to that over the SO imply the higher neutralization capacity of the marine atmosphere over CEA.
Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, cool‐season precipitation reconstructed from earlywood width ofAbies concolortree rings
Authors: Meko D. M. , Touchan R. , Díaz J. Villanueva , Griffin D. , Woodhouse C. A. , Castro C. L. , Carillo C. , Leavitt S. W.
Published: November 2013

Tree ring data are analyzed for a multicentury record of drought history in the Sierra San Pedro Mártir (SSPM) of Baja California, Mexico. Climatic variation in the study area is of particular interest because the SSPM is a rich biotic environment at the southern limit of the California floristic province and the southern limit of the planetary jet stream. Future shifts in the jet stream would be expected to have amplified effect on this marginal environment. The study applies linear regression to tree ring indices of earlywood‐width ofAbies concolorto estimate a 353 year (1658–2010 C.E.) record of cool‐season (October–April) precipitation,P, in SSPM. Time‐nested regression models account for more than half the variance of grid pointPin calibration periods of length 50–65 years. Cross‐spectral analysis indicates strong tracking of observedPby the reconstruction over a broad range of frequencies. Robustness of the reconstruction is supported by synchrony of reconstructedPwith tree ring variations in other tree species from SSPM. The reconstruction emphasizes the severity of the 1950s drought in a long‐term context and the single‐year intensity of droughts in the last decade: 2007 stands out as the driest reconstructed year, with a high percentage of missing rings inA. concolor. The reconstruction identifies the early twentieth century pluvial as the wettest epoch in the last 353 years in the SSPM. High‐elevation tree species in SSPM may be especially well‐suited to sensing snowpack‐related moisture variations associated with a southerly branched jet stream and the types of weather systems active in the pluvial.
Extenuating Circumstances: Salvaged Landscape
Authors: Newell Catie
Published: November 2013

Built outside legislative guidelines and established construction procedures in the derelict and feral environment of Detroit, Salvaged Landscapes is a true product of transgression. As Catie Newell, founding principal of *Alibi Studio, explains, its making and unmaking was as dependent on the intentions of the designers as the local propensity for arson.
Architecture and Transgression: An Interview with Bernard Tschumi
Authors: Mosley Jonathan , Sara Rachel
Published: November 2013

Almost four decades ago, the influential architect and educator Bernard Tschumi wrote the seminal manifesto ‘Architecture and Transgression’. Here, Guest‐Editors Jonathan Mosley and Rachel Sara revisit with Tschumi his original thesis, investigating how his thinking has evolved around transgression and its aptness for the world today.
Not Doing/Overdoing: ‘Omission’ and ‘Excess’ – Lacaton & Vassal's Place Léon Aucoc, Bordeaux, and Construire's Le Channel, Scène Nationale de Calais, Calais
Authors: Wilson Robin
Published: November 2013

Is there any allegiance between the formal and the transgressive? Here architectural author and educator Robin Wilson explores two French projects by Lacaton & Vassal and Construire: the former being as pared back as the latter is exuberant. He investigates how despite the great variance in their aesthetic impact, they share ‘transgressive positions and a questioning approach to architectural production’.
Occupied Space
Authors: Rice Louis
Published: November 2013

With the rapid privatisation of urban space worldwide, architecture has become an increasingly political issue. The Occupy Movement, which set up encampments in over half the cities in the world during 2011 to protest against social and economic inequality, understood the power of physical occupation. Architect and lecturer Louis Rice describes how the potency of such expression lies not in its form – temporary tents and makeshift structures – but in its potential to challenge the current power base and reconceptualise the city.