bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boosting Energy Storage Performance of Lead‐Free Ceramics via Layered Structure Optimization Strategy
Authors: Yan Fei , Bai Hairui , Ge Guanglong , Lin Jinfeng , Zhu Kun , Li Guohui , Qian Jin , Shen Bo , Zhai Jiwei , Liu Zhifu
Published: July 2022

Owing to the current global scenario of environmental pollution and the energy crisis, the development of new dielectrics using lead‐free ceramics for application in advanced electronic and energy storage systems is essential because of the high power density and excellent stability of such ceramics. Unfortunately, most of them have low breakdown strength and/or low maximum polarization, resulting in low energy density and efficiency. To overcome this limitation here, lead‐free ceramics comprising a layered structure are designed and fabricated. By optimizing the distribution of the layered structure, a large maximum polarization and high applied electric field (>500 kV cm−1) can be achieved; these result in an ultrahigh recoverable energy storage density (≈7 J cm−3) and near ideal energy storage efficiency (≈95%). Furthermore, the energy storage performance without obvious deterioration over a broad range of operating frequencies (1–100 Hz), working temperatures (30–160 °C), and fatigue cycles (1–104). In addition, the prepared ceramics exhibit extremely high discharge energy density (4.52 J cm−3) and power density (405.50 MW cm−3). Here, the results demonstrate that the strategy of layered structure design and optimization is promising for enhancing the energy storage performance of lead‐free ceramics.
Recent Progress in Phase Regulation, Functionalization, and Biosensing Applications of Polyphase MoS2
Authors: Gao Yan , Wang Siyao , Wang Bin , Jiang Zhao , Fang Tao
Published: July 2022

The disulfide compounds of molybdenum (MoS2) are layered van der Waals materials that exhibit a rich array of polymorphic structures. MoS2 can be roughly divided into semiconductive phase and metallic phase according to the difference in electron filling state of the 4d orbital of Mo atom. The two phases show completely different properties, leading to their diverse applications in biosensors. But to some extent, they compensate for each other. This review first introduces the relationship between phase state and the chemical/physical structures and properties of MoS2. Furthermore, the synthetic methods are summarized and the preparation strategies for metastable phases are highlighted. In addition, examples of electronic and chemical property designs of MoS2 by means of doping and surface modification are outlined. Finally, studies on biosensors based on MoS2 in recent years are presented and classified, and the roles of MoS2 with different phases are highlighted. This review offers references for the selection of materials to construct different types of biosensors based on MoS2, and provides inspiration for sensing performance enhancement.
High Performance Solid‐State Lithium‐Sulfur Battery Enabled by Multi‐Functional Cathode and Flexible Hybrid Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Hoang Hai Anh , Kim Dukjoon
Published: July 2022

With its superior theoretical energy density as well as abundance and environment‐friendliness, the lithium–sulfur battery (LiSB) is a potential candidate to replace the traditional energy storage and generation systems. An innovative design is proposed for the high‐performance solid‐state LiSB system by combining the multi‐functional cathode comprising the sulfur‐loaded Al2O3‐modified carbon nanotubes (S@ACNTs) and the flexible hybrid solid electrolyte (HSE). Assembled with S@ACNTs active material, the polycation poly(diallyldimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) (PDATFSI) binder exhibits high Li+ conductivity of 0.45 mS cm−1 at room temperature, good thermal stability up to 450 °C, high adhesive strength with aluminum current collector up to 24 MPa, sustainable non‐flammability, and desirable flexibility. When assembled with HSE membrane, the S@ACNTs/PDATFSI–60IL cathode layer demonstrates effective polysulfide trapping behavior and superior compatibility (65 Ω), resulting in high discharge capacity of 1203 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C in the 1st cycle, and long‐term stability up to 91.69% of the discharge capacity after 200 cycles of charge/discharge process.
Holistic Analysis of Glioblastoma Stem Cell DNA Using Nanoengineered Plasmonic Metasensor for Glioblastoma Diagnosis
Authors: Dhinakaran Ashok Kumar , Ganesh Swarna , Haldavnekar Rupa , Tan Bo , Das Sunit , Venkatakrishnan Krishnan
Published: July 2022

The clinical relevance of liquid biopsy for glioblastoma (GBM) remains undetermined due to practical and biological limitations such as absence of a reliable GBM‐specific biomarker, trace levels in circulation due to the blood–brain–barrier, and lack of a sensitive method to detect the trace levels of biomarkers. It is hypothesized that GBM stem cell (GSC)‐associated cell free DNA can function as reliable biomarker for GBM because it accounts for tumor heterogeneity and provide accurate molecular information about the cancer. An integrative methodology is used for GBM diagnosis by utilizing the sub‐single molecular sensitivity of nanoengineered plasmonic metasensors for real‐time genomic profiling of GSC DNA. The nanoengineered metasensors can detect the rare circulating GSC‐DNA accurately from just 5 µL of blood and the test can be performed in under 10 min. Analysis of clinical serum samples from GBM patients and healthy volunteers demonstrates that the technology yielded an accurate classification of GBM in an independent validation cohort (accuracy 98.3%, specificity 100%). The methodology detects GBM‐signatures from the patient blood rapidly within the half‐life period of cfDNA in circulation, non‐invasively and amplification‐free with a high diagnostic accuracy. With clinical validation, this methodology can evolve as a clinically viable diagnostic tool for fatal and hard‐to‐detect cancer like GBM.
Surface decorated Ni sites for superior photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Huang Wenhuan , Bo Tingting , Zuo Shouwei , Wang Yunzhi , Chen Jiamin , Ould‐Chikh Samy , Li Yang , Zhou Wei , Zhang Jing , Zhang Huabin
Published: July 2022

Precise construction of isolated reactive centers on semiconductors with well‐controlled configurations affords a great opportunity to investigate the reaction mechanisms in the photocatalytic process and realize the targeted conversion of solar energy to steer the charge kinetics for hydrogen evolution. In the current research, we decorated isolated Ni atoms on the surface of CdS nanowires for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production. X‐ray absorption fine structure investigations clearly demonstrate the atomical dispersion of Ni sites on the surface of CdS nanowires. Experimental investigations reveal that the isolated Ni atoms not only perform well as the real reactive centers but also greatly accelerate the electron transfer via direct Ni–S coordination. Theoretical simulation further documents that the hydrogen adsorption process has also been enhanced over the semi‐coordinated Ni centers through electronic coupling at the atomic scale.
Nonlinear continuum mechanics with defects resembles electrodynamics—A comeback of the aether?
Authors: Unzicker Alexander
Published: July 2022

The dynamics of an incompressible, isotropic elastic continuum are discussed. Starting from the Lorentz‐invariant motion of defects in elastic continua, MacCullagh's aether theory (1839) of an incompressible elastic solid is reconsidered. Since MacCullagh's theory, based on linear elasticity, cannot describe charges, particular attention is given to a topological defect that causes large deformations and, therefore, requires a nonlinear description. While such a twist disclination can take the role of a charge, the deformation field of a large number of these defects produces a microstructure of deformation related to a Cosserat continuum (1909). On this microgeometric level, a complete set of quantities can be defined that satisfies equations equivalent to Maxwell's. From a broader perspective, the elastic continuum approach appears to be intriguing, yet it has considerable difficulties in describing Dirac's large numbers, another unresolved mystery in fundamental physics. Despite this shortcoming, I think, however, that this paper may stimulate further research.
On the interplay of anisotropy and geometry for polycrystals in single‐slip crystal plasticity
Authors: Engl Dominik , Kreisbeck Carolin
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we investigate a variational polycrystalline model in finite crystal plasticity with one active slip system and rigid elasticity. The task is to determine inner and outer bounds on the domain of the constrained macroscopic elastoplastic energy density, or equivalently, the affine boundary values of a related inhomogeneous differential inclusion problem. A geometry‐independent Taylor inner bound, which we calculate directly, follows from considering constant‐strain solutions to a relaxed problem in combination with well‐known relaxation and convex integration results. On the other hand, we deduce outer bounds from a rank‐one compatibility condition between the affine boundary data and the microscopic strain at the boundary grains. While there are examples of polycrystals for which the two above‐mentioned bounds coincide, we present an explicit construction to prove that the Taylor bound is nonoptimal in general.
Rensets and Renaming-Based Recursion for Syntax with Bindings
Authors: Popescu Andrei
Published: July 2022

I introduce renaming-enriched sets (rensets for short), which are algebraic structures axiomatizing fundamental properties of renaming (also known as variable-for-variable substitution) on syntax with bindings. Rensets compare favorably in some respects with the well-known foundation based on nominal sets. In particular, renaming is a more fundamental operator than the nominal swapping operator and enjoys a simpler, equationally expressed relationship with the variable-freshness predicate. Together with some natural axioms matching properties of the syntactic constructors, rensets yield a truly minimalistic characterization of $$\lambda $$
λ
-calculus terms as an abstract datatype – one involving an infinite set of unconditional equations, referring only to the most fundamental term operators: the constructors and renaming. This characterization yields a recursion principle, which (similarly to the case of nominal sets) can be improved by incorporating Barendregt’s variable convention. When interpreting syntax in semantic domains, my renaming-based recursor is easier to deploy than the nominal recursor. My results have been validated with the proof assistant Isabelle/HOL.
Decentralized Online Scheduling of Malleable NP-hard Jobs
Authors: Sanders Peter , Schreiber Dominik
Published: July 2022

In this work, we address an online job scheduling problem in a large distributed computing environment. Each job has a priority and a demand of resources, takes an unknown amount of time, and is malleable, i.e., the number of allotted workers can fluctuate during its execution. We subdivide the problem into (a) determining a fair amount of resources for each job and (b) assigning each job to an according number of processing elements. Our approach is fully decentralized, uses lightweight communication, and arranges each job as a binary tree of workers which can grow and shrink as necessary. Using the NP-complete problem of propositional satisfiability (SAT) as a case study, we experimentally show on up to 128 machines (6144 cores) that our approach leads to near-optimal utilization, imposes minimal computational overhead, and performs fair scheduling of incoming jobs within a few milliseconds.
Theoretische Grundlagen
Authors: Winter Fabian
Published: July 2022

In Kapitel 2 wird die theoretische Basis für die Folgekapitel gelegt. Im ersten Unterkapitel 2.1 wird der Zusammenhang zwischen Klassifikationsmodellen und Schriftnutzung thematisiert, duale Schriftnutzung definiert und die Personengruppe näher beschrieben. Im Anschluss wird der Versuch unternommen, die Grundpopulation dual Schriftnutzender anhand verfügbarer Populationswerte zur Blindheit und Sehbehinderung zu schätzen.
Kompetenzerhebung
Authors: Winter Fabian
Published: July 2022

In Kapitel 4 werden die Ergebnisse des quantitativen Teils der Untersuchung dargestellt. Dazu werden zunächst in Abschnitt 4.1 das methodische Vorgehen die Forschungsfragen, das Sampling, die Stichprobe, die Erhebungsinstrumente und die Analysetechniken vorgestellt. In Teil 4.2 werden die Ergebnisse aus den Kompetenztests der dual Schriftnutzenden und der nur Braille Lesenden zur Leseflüssigkeit, der Rechtschreibung, dem Lese- und Hörverstehen dargestellt.
Determinanten des Wahlverhaltens: Von Cleavages zu gesellschaftlichen Wertorientierungen
Authors: Wurthmann L. Constantin
Published: July 2022

Die Wahlforschung als solche hat verschiedene Gesichter. Sie beschäftigt sich mit den Fragen, aus welchen Gründen und wie Individuen wählen, welche Kontexte Wahlverhalten beeinflussen und wie stabil Individuen in ihrem Wahlverhalten sind. Sie versucht Prognosen über die Kurz- oder Langlebigkeit von Wahlentscheidungen aufzustellen, stellt Querverbindungen zu anderen Forschungsbereichen her und ist demnach als „multidisziplinär“ zu verstehen.
Forschungsdesign
Authors: Wurthmann L. Constantin
Published: July 2022

Das Forschungsdesign einer wissenschaftlichen Arbeit ist Kernstück und gleichzeitig Navigator, Rechtfertigung sowie Argumentationsgrundlage für die in einer Untersuchung eingeschlagene Vorgehensweise. So soll darin die Nachvollziehbarkeit der verwendeten Analysemethoden, die Auswahl des Forschungsgegenstandes und zudem, sofern es sich um eine quantitativ orientierte Analyse handelt, die Übersetzung theoretischer Konzepte in messbare Indikatoren vorgenommen werden. Aus diesem Grund wird in Abschnitt 3.1 zunächst die hier zugrundeliegende Fallauswahl erläutert.
Zusammenfassung und Fazit: Warum sich der Blick auf gesellschaftliche Wertorientierungen lohnt
Authors: Wurthmann L. Constantin
Published: July 2022

In den nun folgenden Kapiteln soll die Frage beantwortet werden, weshalb sich ein analytischer Blick auf gesellschaftliche Wertorientierungen und die aus ihnen erwachsenden Effekte für die Wahl- und Parteienforschung lohnt und welche Konsequenzen aus diesen Effekten entstehen. Dafür werden in Abschnitt 5.1 zunächst die zentralen Befunde noch einmal zusammengefasst und vor dem Hintergrund des theoretischen Grundmodells diskutiert. In dem sich anschließenden Abschnitt 5.2 wird die spezifische methodische Vorgehensweise kritisch reflektiert.
Die Hobbes-Forschung vor Schmitt und Strauss sowie deren Hobbes-Rezeption in der Sekundärliteratur
Authors: Motuzaite Ieva
Published: July 2022

In „Einigen Anmerkungen über die politische Wissenschaft des Hobbes“ notierte Strauss: Um einschätzen zu können, was an einer Deutung neu (man könnte auch präzisieren oder erweitern: abweichend, besonders, von Mehrwert) ist, müsse man sich die bisherigen Forschungsergebnisse vor Augen halten. Um zu erkennen, ob die vorgeschlagene Interpretation „von prinzipieller Bedeutung“ ist, solle man sich Klarheit über die Problematik des entsprechenden Themenfeldes verschaffen. Für diese Arbeit bedeutet das: Für das Erkennen der besonderen Züge der Hobbes-Deutung von Schmitt und Strauss bedarf es der Erfassung des zeithistorischen Forschungskontextes, den die beiden in Deutschland und Frankreich sowie im Vereinigten Königreich (besonders im Fall von Strauss, der Berlin 1932 in Richtung Paris und später London verließ) in den 1930er Jahren vorfanden.
Die Hobbes-Deutung bei Schmitt
Authors: Motuzaite Ieva
Published: July 2022

1932 (Erscheinung der 2. Fassung des Textes): Der Begriff des Politischen. Synoptische Darstellung der Texte. Im Auftrag der Carl-Schmitt-Gesellschaft hrsg. von Marco Walter, Berlin 2018.
Phytotoxicity of particulate matter from controlled burning of different plastic waste types
Authors: Hubai Katalin , Kováts Nora , Sainnokhoi Tsend-Ayush , Eck-Varanka Bettina , Hoffer András , Tóth Ádám , Teke Gábor
Published: July 2022

According to careful estimations, open burning of plastic waste affects app. 2 billion people worldwide. While human health risks have become more and more obvious, much less information is available on the phytotoxicity of these emissions. In our study phytotoxicity of particulate matter samples generated during controlled combustion of different plastic waste types such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE) was evaluated based on peroxidase levels. While different samples showed different concentration-effect relationship patterns, higher concentration(s) caused decreased peroxidase activities in each sample indicating serious damage.
Stability of Unlined Elliptical Tunnels in Rock Masses
Authors: Shiau Jim , Keawsawasvong Suraparb , Seehavong Sorawit
Published: July 2022

Highlights

•A state of art approach to evaluate the elliptical tunnel stability of Hoek–Brown rock mass.•Rigorous upper bound and lower bound solutions of elliptical tunnel stability are derived using advanced finite element limit analysis.•Comprehensive design tables and equations are proposed for stability evaluation.
Noncritical maps on geodesically complete spaces with curvature bounded above
Authors: Fujioka Tadashi
Published: July 2022

We define and study the regularity of distance maps on geodesically complete spaces with curvature bounded above. We prove that such a regular map is locally a Hurewicz fibration. This regularity can be regarded as a dual concept of Perelman’s regularity in the geometry of Alexandrov spaces with curvature bounded below. As a corollary, we obtain a sphere theorem for geodesically complete CAT(1) spaces.
Four-Year Trajectories of Internal Strengths and Socioemotional Support Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults with HIV
Authors: Ham Lillian , Tang Bin , Kohli Maulika , Jeste Dilip V. , Grant Igor , Moore David J.
Published: July 2022

Positive psychological attributes are associated with better health outcomes, yet few studies have identified their underlying constructs and none have examined their temporal trajectories in clinical vs. non-clinical samples. From data collected over 4 years from people with HIV (PWH) and HIV-uninfected (HIV−) participants, we identified two latent factors (internal strengths; socioemotional support) based on responses to seven positive psychological attributes. Internal strengths increased over 4 years for PWH, but not for HIV− comparisons. Socioemotional support did not change significantly in either group. Lower internal strengths and worse socioemotional support were related to greater depressive symptoms. We speculate that improvement in internal strengths in PWH could reflect their being in care, but this requires further study to include PWH not in care. Given the apparent malleability of internal strengths and their association with improved health outcomes, these attributes can serve as promising intervention targets for PWH.
Offshore Outsourcing from a Catholic Social Teaching Perspective
Authors: Guitián Gregorio , Sison Alejo José G.
Published: July 2022

We explore offshore outsourcing through the lenses of Catholic Social Teaching (CST). First, we review the outcomes of the 30-year debate in business ethics on issues related to offshore outsourcing. We then cluster authors into two groups—the justice-centered approach and the welfare-centered approach—corresponding to different perspectives on the ethical challenges of offshoring. In the second part, we present and apply the four fundamental principles of the CST (human dignity, subsidiarity, solidarity and the common good) to offshoring, in dialogue with the previous debate. The unity and interconnection among the CST’s fundamental tenets provide a cohesive framework that integrates the points made by the justice-centered and welfare-centered approaches, while introducing the principle of solidarity, more focused on the worker as a person and their flourishing. CST also stresses the need to initiate processes oriented toward structural changes for the sake of human dignity and the common good.
The fiscal costs of earthquakes in Japan
Authors: Noy Ilan , Okubo Toshihiro , Strobl Eric , Tveit Thomas
Published: July 2022

We quantify the fiscal impacts of earthquakes in Japan. In contrast with earlier research which examined national level aggregate spending in several countries, we are able to provide a detailed examination of separate budget categories within the local governments’ fiscal accounts. We do this using detailed line-budget expenditure data, and by comparing regions and towns affected and unaffected by the damage from earthquakes. Besides the obvious - that government spending increases in the short-term (one year) after a disaster event - we observe that the share of public spending on disaster relief, at the prefecture level, increases significantly, but with no corresponding change in the other budget lines. In contrast, at the lower administrative units, we observe a decrease in the share of spending going to finance other priorities. For the bigger cities, we observe a decrease in the share of spending targeting education, while for the smaller towns, we find that spending on construction and servicing public debt goes down. This evidence suggests that while at the prefecture level fiscal policy-making is robust enough to prevent presumably unwanted declines in public services, the same cannot be said for the city/town level.
Practical Part-Specific Trajectory Optimization for Robot-Guided Inspection via Computed Tomography
Authors: Bauer Fabian , Forndran Daniel , Schromm Thomas , Grosse Christian U.
Published: July 2022

Robot-guided computed tomography enables the inspection of parts that are too large for conventional systems and allows, for instance, the non-destructive and volumetric evaluation of mechanical joining components within already assembled cars in the automotive industry. However, the typical scan time required by such setups is still significant and represents a major barrier for its industrial large-scale application. As an approach to mitigate the necessary time demand, we propose a part-specific adjustment of the acquisition trajectory. Common circular standard trajectories are inherently inefficient, since they are applied independently of the considered inspection task, while the use of acquisition orbits tailored particularly to the investigated object effectively allows a reduction of the required number of projections, which in turn has the potential to directly decrease the scan time significantly. In contrast to former simulation-guided approaches, this work is considered to be the first successful task-specific trajectory optimization being performed on a robot-based industrial CT platform and aims towards providing a first proof of concept that such methods can be practically applied in a shop floor environment. Based on representative results, a reduction of the number of required projections by approx. 55 % or an image quality improvement according to the root-mean squared error by approx. 40 % compared to the conventionally applied planar acquisition trajectory was achieved.
Style Management: Images of Global Counter-Terrorism at the United Nations
Authors: Roele Isobel
Published: July 2022

Models of global governance abound: expert governance, networked governance, algorithmic governance, and old-fashioned juridico-political governance vie for explanatory power. This article takes up style as a way of analysing configurations of governance that do not readily fit a particular model of governance. Style is particularly revealing when it comes to deliberately unspecified or over-specified, genre-busting, and bet-hedging ways of imagining governance. The UN’s use of the phrase ‘convening power’ is a case in point. This article looks at how the UN has styled itself as a convening power in the area of counter-terrorism governance. A visual analysis of promotional materials for the UN’s Counter-Terrorism Week suggests that the UN’s self-styling as a convening power is shaped by anxieties as well as aspirations.
Overall haemostatic potential (OHP) assay can risk stratify for venous thromboembolism recurrence in anticoagulated patients
Authors: Wang Julie , Lim Hui Yin , Brook Rowena , Lai Jeffrey , Nandurkar Harshal , Ho Prahlad
Published: July 2022

Assessing the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE), particularly when patients are anticoagulated, remains a major challenge largely due to the lack of biomarkers. Blood was sampled from adult VTE patients recruited between January 2018 and September 2020, while receiving therapeutic anticoagulation. Results were compared to 144 healthy subjects (34.7% male, median age 42 years). Overall haemostatic potential (OHP) assay, a spectrophotometric assay, was performed on platelet-poor plasma, in which fibrin formation (triggered by small amounts of thrombin (overall coagulation potential, OCP)) and fibrinolysis (by the addition of thrombin and tissue plasminogen activator (OHP)) are simultaneously measured. Results were obtained from 196 patients (52.6% male, mean age 57.1 years). Compared to healthy subjects, VTE patients displayed significantly higher OCP (39.6 vs 34.5 units, p < 0.001) and OHP (9.3 vs 6.4 units, p < 0.001) as well as lower overall fibrinolytic potential (75.6 v s81.1%, p < 0.001). All 16 VTE recurrences, including 11 unprovoked, occurred above an OCP cut-off of 40th percentile (recurrence rate 4.32/100 patient-years (100PY), 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.39–7.80, p = 0.002). Of 97 patients who subsequently discontinued anticoagulation, all unprovoked VTE recurrences (n = 9) occurred above the 40th OCP percentile (recurrence rate 9.10/100PY, 95% CI 4.74–17.49, p = 0.005) and the 40th OHP percentile (recurrence rate 8.46/100PY, 95% CI 4.40–16.25, p = 0.009). Our pilot study demonstrates that the OHP assay can detect a hypercoagulable and hypofibrinolytic state in anticoagulated VTE patients and may be able to risk stratify VTE recurrence, allowing for more individualised decision on long-term anticoagulation. Further larger prospective studies are required.
Physiochemical and thermal characterisation of faba bean starch
Authors: Nilsson Klara , Sandström Corine , Özeren Hüsamettin Deniz , Vilaplana Francisco , Hedenqvist Mikael , Langton Maud
Published: July 2022

The structure and physicochemical properties of starch isolated from the cotyledon and hull of faba beans and from wheat (as reference) were examined using 16 different methods. The amylose content in faba bean cotyledon and hull starch was 32% and 36%, respectively, and that in wheat starch was 21%. The faba bean cotyledon and hull starch were structurally alike both displaying C-polymorphic pattern, a similar degree of branching and similar branch chain length distributions. Wheat starch had a significantly greater prevalence of short amylopectin chains (DP < 12) and a higher degree of branching. Granules in both faba bean starches exhibited surface cracks and were more homogenous in size than the smoother wheat starch granules. Gelatinisation temperature was higher for the faba bean starches, likely as an effect of high amylose content and longer starch chains delaying granular swelling. Cotyledon starch produced pastes with the highest viscosities in all rheological measurements, probably owing to larger granules. Higher prevalence of lipids and resistant starch reduced the viscosity values for hull starch. For all starches, viscosity increased at faster heating rates. During the rheological analyses, the samples were exposed to different instruments, heating rates and temperatures ranges, differing from standard rheological procedures, which could help predict how different processing techniques effect the final starch textures.

Graphical abstract
Reliance on distraction is associated with increased avoidance behavior under approach-avoidance conflict
Authors: Walker Ebony A , Aupperle Robin L ,   Tulsa 1000 Investigators, Paulus Martin P , Ironside Maria
Published: July 2022

The use of less effective emotional regulation strategies, such as distraction, may relate to greater reliance on avoidance behavior under conflict. Tulsa 1000 participants (n = 478) were recruited trans diagnostically and completed an approach avoidance conflict (AAC) task. Following the task, participants reported their use of distraction as an emotional regulation strategy. Quantile regression showed negative main effects of distraction and age on approach behavior under conflict. This suggests that individuals who use distraction as a regulation strategy are more likely to engage in avoidance behavior under conflict, which has treatment implications.
Mining and modelling temporal dynamics of followers’ engagement on online social networks
Authors: Vassio Luca , Garetto Michele , Leonardi Emilio , Chiasserini Carla Fabiana
Published: July 2022

A relevant fraction of human interactions occurs on online social networks. In this context, the freshness of content plays an important role, with content popularity rapidly vanishing over time. We therefore investigate how influencers’ generated content (i.e., posts) attracts interactions, measured by the number of likes or reactions. We analyse the activity of influencers and followers over more than 5 years, focusing on two popular social networks: Facebook and Instagram, including more than 13 billion interactions and about 4 million posts. We investigate the influencers’ and followers’ behaviour over time, characterising the arrival process of interactions during the lifetime of posts, which are typically short-lived. After finding the factors playing a crucial role in the post popularity dynamics, we propose an analytical model for the user interactions. We tune the parameters of the model based on the past behaviour observed for each given influencer, discovering that fitted parameters are pretty similar across different influencers and social networks. We validate our model using experimental data and effectively apply the model to perform early prediction of post popularity, showing considerable improvements over a simpler baseline.
Regional Characterization of the Gottingen Minipig Brain by [18 F]FDG Dynamic Pet Modeling
Authors: Filomena Santarelli Maria , Elena Pasini , Carlotta Baroni , Anita De Santi Lisa , Giulia Furini , Domiziana Terlizzi , Samuele Cavaleri , Michelangelo Bertasi , Enrico Grasso , Dario Genovesi , Vincenzo Positano , Vincenzo Lionetti , Assuero Giorgetti
Published: July 2022

Purpose

To determine the best kinetic model to be applied on dynamic brain [18 F]FDG PET images by characterizing the regional brain glucose metabolism of normal Göttingen minipigs.

Methods

Nine Göttingen minipigs were scanned with a clinical PET/CT tomograph, starting from the injection of an intravenous bolus of [18 F]FDG, for about 25 min. Dynamic images were reconstructed and nine brain regions of interest (ROI), plus a vascular region, were defined and time-activity curves (TAC) were determined.

Three kinetic models were considered for fitting with experimental TACs: one-tissue compartment model 1TC, two-tissue irreversible compartment model 2TCi and two-tissue reversible model 2TC. Akaike Information Criterion was considered to evaluate the goodness of each model fitting. Regional and global kinetic parameter values were evaluated, in addition to the partition coefficient, net influx rate and retention index (RI).

Results

Both 2TCi and 2TC models turned out to be good choices for the next analysis. Parameter values were very similar between the different brain regions, with similar values to when the brain as a whole is considered (kinetic parameters mean values, from 2TCi model: K1 = 1.0 ml/g/min, k2 = 0.49 min− 1, k3 = 0.034 min− 1, K1/k2 = 2.14ml/g, Ki =0.069 ml/g/min; from 2TC model: K1 = 1.10 ml/g/min, k2 = 0.54 min− 1, k3 = 0.058 min− 1, k4 = 0.039 min− 1, K1/k2 = 2.18 ml/g, Ki = 0.10 ml/g/min; RI mean ± sd: 0.147 ± 0.037 min− 1), with the exception of the cerebellum (mean values from the 2TCi model: K1 = 0.52 ml/g/min, k2 = 0.56 min− 1, k3 = 0.025 min− 1, K1/k2 = 0.98ml/g, Ki=0.022 ml/g/min; from 2TC model: K1 = 0.54 ml/g/min, k2 = 0.61 min− 1, k3 = 0.044 min− 1, k4 = 0.038 min− 1, K1/k2 = 0.95ml/g, Ki=0.032 ml/g/min; RI mean ± sd: 0.071 ± 0.018 min− 1).

Conclusion

The two-tissue model is able to describe the regional brain metabolism in Göttingen minipigs. Compared to the 2TCi model, in the 2TC model the k4 micro-parameter was also evaluated. This led to adjustments of the other microparameters, especially k3 and consequently the net influx rate Ki. For healthy minipigs, the glucose metabolism was similar in all of the brain regions analyzed, with the exception of the cerebellum, where the FDG uptake was lower.
Insights into genome evolution, pan-genome, and phylogenetic implication through mitochondrial genome sequence of Naegleria fowleri species
Authors: Aurongzeb Muhammad , Rashid Yasmeen , Habib Ahmed Naqvi Syed , Muhammad Talha Malik Hafiz , Kamran Azim Muhammad , Hassan Syed Shah , Yasir Muhammad , Karim Asad
Published: July 2022

In the current study, we have systematically analysed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of Naegleria fowleri (N. fowleri) isolate AY27, isolated from Karachi, Pakistan. The N. fowleri isolate AY27 has a circular mtDNA (49,541 bp), which harbours 69 genes (46 protein-coding genes, 21 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs). The pan-genome analysis of N. fowleri species showed a Bpan value of 0.137048, which implies that the pan-genome is open. KEGG classified core, accessory and unique gene clusters for human disease, metabolism, environmental information processing, genetic information processing and organismal system. Similarly, COG characterization of protein showed that core and accessory genes are involved in metabolism, information storages and processing, and cellular processes and signaling. The Naegleria species (n = 6) formed a total of 47 gene clusters; 42 single-copy gene clusters and 5 orthologous gene clusters. It was noted that 100% genes of Naegleria species were present in the orthogroups. We identified 44 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the N. fowleri isolate AY27 mtDNA using N. fowleri strain V511 as a reference. Whole mtDNA phylogenetic tree analysis showed that N. fowleri isolates AY27 is closely related to N. fowleri (Accession no. JX174181.1). The ANI (Average Nucleotide Identity) values presented a much clear grouping of the Naegleria species compared to the whole mtDNA based phylogenetic analysis. The current study gives a comprehensive understanding of mtDNA architecture as well as a comparison of Naegleria species (N. fowleri and N. gruberi species) at the mitochondrial genome sequence level.
A practical test of the link between perceived identifiability and prosociality with two field studies
Authors: Seetahul Yashvin , Greitemeyer Tobias
Published: July 2022

Covering the face with masks in public settings has been recommended since the start of the pandemic. Because faces provide information about identity, and that face masks hide a portion of the face, it is plausible to expect individuals who wear a mask to consider themselves less identifiable. Prior research suggests that perceived identifiability is positively related to prosocial behavior, and with two pre-registered field studies (total N = 5706) we provide a currently relevant and practical test of this relation. Our findings indicate that mask wearers and non-wearers display equivalent levels of helping behavior (Studies 1 and 2), although mask wearers have a lower level of perceived identifiability than those without a mask (Study 2). Overall, our findings suggest that claims that face masks are related to selfish behavior are not warranted, and that there is no practical link between perceived identifiability and prosocial behavior.
Revisiting Lebedev’s one-century old experiment
Authors: Cheng Shangcong
Published: July 2022

One hundred years ago, world-famous scientist A. A. Lebedev performed a set of classical measurements on annealed optic crown glasses. He found that these glasses exhibited characteristic endothermic effects in a particular temperature range. To explain these phenomena, Lebedev proposed a hypothesis that the glasses contain tiny quartz crystals. This initial hypothesis was quickly disapproved, and the origin of the endothermic effect of glasses remains an unsolved puzzle. This work uses recently proposed nanoflake model of silica glass structure to explain the endothermic effect of various glasses. The new model differs from the popular continuous random network theory in that it emphasizes the medium-range ordering structure of glasses. According to the nanoflake based theory, the endothermic effect of glasses is caused by the transition from ordered one-dimensional structures into disordered structure in glasses. The new theory also predicts that the temperature range of the endothermic effect is dependent on both glass composition and cooling rates during glass formation.
Smoking remains associated with education after controlling for social background and genetic factors in a study of 18 twin cohorts
Authors: Silventoinen Karri , Piirtola Maarit , Jelenkovic Aline , Sund Reijo , Tarnoki Adam D. , Tarnoki David L. , Medda Emanuela , Nisticò Lorenza , Toccaceli Virgilia , Honda Chika , Inui Fujio , Tomizawa Rie , Watanabe Mikio , Sakai Norio , Gatz Margaret , Butler David A. , Lee Jooyeon , Lee Soo Ji , Sung Joohon , Franz Carol E. , Kremen William S. , Lyons Michael J. , Derom Catherine A. , Vlietinck Robert F. , Loos Ruth J. F. , Tynelius Per , Rasmussen Finn , Martin Nicholas G. , Medland Sarah E. , Montgomery Grant W. , Brandt Ingunn , Nilsen Thomas S. , Harris Jennifer R. , Tyler Jessica , Hopper John L. , Magnusson Patrik K. E. , Pedersen Nancy L. , Dahl Aslan Anna K. , Ordoñana Juan R. , Sánchez-Romera Juan F. , Colodro-Conde Lucia , Rebato Esther , Zhang Dongfeng , Pang Zengchang , Tan Qihua , Silberg Judy L. , Maes Hermine H. , Boomsma Dorret I. , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. , Korhonen Tellervo , Kaprio Jaakko
Published: July 2022

We tested the causality between education and smoking using the natural experiment of discordant twin pairs allowing to optimally control for background genetic and childhood social factors. Data from 18 cohorts including 10,527 monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs discordant for education and smoking were analyzed by linear fixed effects regression models. Within twin pairs, education levels were lower among the currently smoking than among the never smoking co-twins and this education difference was larger within DZ than MZ pairs. Similarly, education levels were higher among former smoking than among currently smoking co-twins, and this difference was larger within DZ pairs. Our results support the hypothesis of a causal effect of education on both current smoking status and smoking cessation. However, the even greater intra-pair differences within DZ pairs, who share only 50% of their segregating genes, provide evidence that shared genetic factors also contribute to these associations.
[4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of β-naphtha-1-thioquinones generated from 2-naphthols and DAST
Authors: Geng Yang , Gao Xianying , Liang Apeng , Li Jingya , Zou Dapeng , Wu Yangjie , Wu Yusheng
Published: July 2022

A novel protocol for the construction of diverse dehydro-2-naphthol-1-sulphides and naphtha-oxathiane derivatives via in situ [4 + 2] cycloadditions of β-naphtha-1-thioquinones generated from 2-naphthols and DAST has been developed.
Cushion: A proactive resource provisioning method to mitigate SLO violations for containerized microservices
Authors: Zhou Dacheng , Chen Hongchang , Shang Ke , Cheng Guozhen , Zhang Jianpeng , Hu Hongchao
Published: July 2022

Deploying microservices in container‐based cloud environments increases the agility of resource scaling. However, the delay in autoscaling for microservices caused by container cold start results in response time service‐level objectives (SLO) violations under burst workloads. This paper proposes Cushion, a proactive resource provisioning method for containerized microservices to mitigate SLO violations caused by burst workloads, which promptly schedules workloads to reserved container instances when workloads suddenly increase and meanwhile steadily scales the container instances according to the SLOs of the microservices. Cushion was evaluated through prototype‐based experiments in a containerized testbed using a benchmark microservice and four web workload traces by comparing it against existing methods. The experimental results show 9.12x times lower SLO violations, 23.75% higher throughput with 24.35% more CPU usage, and 4.85% more memory usage compared to the baseline methods.
Reduced‐dimension MVDR beamformer based on sub‐array optimization
Authors: Liu Tuanning , Liu Wenqiang , Zhou Yuanping , Fan Kesong
Published: July 2022

A reduced‐dimension minimum variance distortionless response based on sub‐array optimization beamformer (SAMVDR) is proposed for large array systems or some hardware performance constrained scenarios. The SAMVDR allows to weigh between convergence rate and computational complexity by selecting the sizes of the sub‐arrays. It is worth noting that, employing a sub‐array strategy, the SAMVDR allows for computing the matrix inversion with flexibly choosing the size of the matrix. When the size of each sub‐array is 1, namely single weight optimization MVDR (SWMVDR), the SAMVDR avoids matrix inversion. So the SWMVDR is easiest to implement in system than other sizes of sub‐arrays in the SAMVDR. It is found that the SAMVDR has manageable computational complexity and fast convergence rate, which is verified by theoretical analysis and simulation results. Importantly, the output performance of the SAMVDR is very close to auxiliary vector (AV) scheme, and the SWMVDR has lower computational cost than the AV. In addition, the SAMVDR can be applied to parallel systems with higher tracking speed.
Effect of credit financing on the supply chain for imperfect growing items
Authors: Sharma Mehak , Mittal Mandeep
Published: July 2022

Several EOQ models have developed over time to guarantee that the appropriate quantity of inventory is ordered in every batch, so that a firm does not have to place orders too frequently or have an excess of inventory on hand. Inventory management, or the inspection of the ordering, storing, and utilization of a company’s inventory, necessitates the use of EOQ models. This paper aims at developing an EOQ model when the supplier offers the trade credit policy to the buyer, for a particular class of items that is, growing items. However, it is not always necessary for all goods to be of perfect quality. There may also be some defective goods. Keeping this in mind, a wide-ranging scientific model has been intended, followed by a specific numerical model which is represented with the help of numerical examples. Sensitivity research is presented to assess the influence of the model’s key factors taking into consideration it’s decision variables and the objective function.
Antlers as bioindicators of environmental pollution: principles, achievements, and future research directions
Authors: Kierdorf Uwe , Ludolphy Catharina , Kierdorf Horst
Published: July 2022

The periodically detached and regenerated antlers are a diagnostic trait of deer (family Cervidae) and represent the most rapidly growing bones of mammals. During their species-specific and seasonally fixed growth period of a few months, antlers can accumulate large amounts of ‘bone-seeking’ elements that are incorporated into the bone mineral. This makes antlers ‘naturally standardised’ environmental samples that can be used to monitor environmental pollution of deer habitats by these elements. The present contribution reviews studies utilising hard antlers as environmental archives to reconstruct temporal and spatial variation of contaminant levels in different geographic regions. We further discuss the use of lead isotope signatures in antlers for source apportionment of environmental lead and the impact of excess fluoride uptake on antler mineralisation. In addition, promising areas for future research using antlers as bioindicators are discussed.
Leaf gas exchange and water relations of the woody desiccation-tolerant Paraboea rufescens during dehydration and rehydration
Authors: Fu Pei-Li , Zhang Ya , Zhang Yong-Jiang , Finnegan Patrick M , Yang Shi-Jian , Fan Ze-Xin
Published: July 2022

Desiccation-tolerant (DT) plants can withstand dehydration to less than 0.1 g H2O g−1 dry weight. The mechanism for whole-plant recovery from severe dehydration is still not clear, especially for woody DT plants. In the present study, we evaluated the desiccation tolerance and mechanism of recovery for a potentially new woody resurrection plant Paraboea rufescens (Gesneriaceae). We monitored the leaf water status, leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and root pressure of potted P. rufescens during dehydration and rehydration, and we investigated the water content and chlorophyll fluorescence of P. rufescens leaves in the field during the dry season. After re-watering from a severely dehydrated state, leaf maximum quantum yield of photosystem II of P. rufescens quickly recovered to well-watered levels. Leaf water status and leaf hydraulic conductance quickly recovered to well-watered levels after re-watering, while leaf gas exchange traits also trended to recovery, but at a slower rate. The maximum root pressure in rehydrated P. rufescens was more than twice in well-watered plants. Our study identified P. rufescens as a new DT woody plant. The whole-plant recovery of P. rufescens from extreme dehydration is potentially associated with an increase of root pressure after rehydration. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms of recovery of DT plants from dehydration.
Transection of Pitanguy’s Midline Ligament to Avoid Supratip Depression in Closed-Approach, Low-Septal-Resection Dorsal Preservation Rhinoplasty
Authors: Erdal Ayhan Işık , Genç İbrahim Giray
Published: July 2022

Background

Supratip depression is a common complication after preservation rhinoplasty.

Objectives

This aim of this paper was to present a simple surgical maneuver to prevent supratip depression.

Methods

Thirty-six patients who underwent closed-approach, low-septal-resection dorsal preservation rhinoplasty between January and June 2021 were included in this retrospective study. Depending on the operation performed on Pitanguy’s midline ligament, the patients were divided into 2 groups as follows: (1) a group in which Pitanguy’s midline ligament was transected (transection group); and (2) a group in which Pitanguy’s midline ligament was preserved (preservation group). Standardized postoperative 6-month lateral-view photographs were scanned for the presence of supratip depression or pollybeak deformity. The Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) scale was applied at 6 months.

Results

Supratip depression was observed in 4 patients in the preservation group (n = 16), but was not observed in any of the patients in the transection group (n = 20; P < 0.05). There was no pollybeak deformity in either group. With respect to the Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation scores and number of satisfied patients, no statistically significant difference was found between the transection and preservation groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Transecting Pitanguy’s midline ligament reduces the likelihood of supratip depression and does not affect the likelihood of pollybeak deformity in closed-approach, low-septal-resection dorsal preservation rhinoplasty.

Level of Evidence: 4