bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age-related immune response to measles virus in staff of a large city hospital
Authors: Kostinov M. P. , Filatov N. N. , Zhuravlev P. I. , Gladkova L. S. , Polishchuk V. B. , Shmit’ko А. D. , Pakhomov D. V. , Khromova E. A. , Kostinova A. M. , Vasil’yeva G. V. , Tikhonova I. А. , Ryzhov A. A. , Blagovidov D. А. , Kostinov A. M.
Published: February 2019

The aimsof the study were to examine age-related features of immune response to measles virus in staff of a large city hospital and to define groups at risk for measles outbreaks.

Methods.The study involved 1,855 staff members of a large city hospital aged ≥ 19 years old who had documented vaccination against measles or a history of measles. The participants were divided into age groups with 5-year intervals starting from 19 years of age; there were 11 groups in total. The immune response to measles virus was measured in sera by ELISA using Vector-Best IgG-Kor test system (Russia).

Results.Young employers of 19 to 23 years of age were most susceptible to measles; protective antibody level was not detected in 38.5% of them. They were followed by young-to-middle-aged workers (24 to 48 years old) who were negative for anti-measles antibodies or had non-protective level of antibodies in 16.7% to 27.5%. The anti-measles antibody level was low (42.3 % to 60.0 %) in employers of 19 to 43 years of age and gradually increased to 46.3% – 92.2% in the group of 44 to 68 years old.

Conclusion.Herd immunity against measles in employers of a large city hospital did not meet requirements for successful infection control which implicates ≤ 7% of seronegative individuals. This means that measles outbreak could occur at any time because the proportion of seronegative individuals (11.5%) twice exceeded the cut-off value; the antibody level was controversial in 3.2% of individuals. Therefore, monitoring anti-measles antibody level in hospital staff is necessary to detect groups at risk who should be vaccinated against measles.
Evaluation of the effect of lycopene on lipid profile, serum antioxidant enzymes and blood sugar level in New Zealand white rabbits
Authors: Rane Bhalchandra T. , Worlikar Pratibha S. , Mulkalwar Sarita A. , Tilak Abhijeet V. , Dabhade Sanjay A.
Published: February 2019

Background: Dyslipidaemias are the major cause of increased atherogenesis. Lycopene is a pigment that imparts red colour to fruits and vegetables like tomatoes. Risk of cardiovascular diseases has been shown to decrease with dietary intake of tomatoes. Although the antioxidant and hypolipidaemic properties of tomatoes have been studied extensively, beneficial effect of pure lycopene supplement as hypolipidaemic is still debatable So, we aimed to evaluate the effect of pure lycopene powder on lipid profile, serum antioxidant enzymes and blood sugar level in hyperlipidaemic rabbits.Methods: Adult male New Zealand White rabbits (1.5-2.5kg) were divided into three groups of six each. Group I-High Fat Diet (HFD) (5ml/kg). Group II-HFD (5ml/kg) + lycopene (10mg/kg) orally. Group III-HFD (5ml/kg) + lycopene (20mg/kg) orally. Blood samples were taken from all rabbits for baseline estimations of serum lipids, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and blood sugar. Same tests were performed after six weeks.Results: There was significant decrease in the levels of serum TC, LDL-C, TG and VLDL and an increase in serum HDL-C and antioxidant SOD with lycopene administration. However, significant increase in HDL was not seen with lycopene 10mg. TG and VLDL levels were significantly less with 20mg lycopene compared to 10mg lycopene. There was however no change in blood sugar level with lycopene.Conclusions: Pure lycopene supplement showed significant hypolipidaemic and antioxidant activity. However, it did not show significant effect on blood glucose levels.
Study of bacteriological profile and sensitivity to various drugs in a case of wound dehiscence in tertiary care centre
Authors: Tripathi Shashank Shekhar , Tripathi Ankur , Singh Rahul , Pandey Himansha
Published: February 2019

Background: Surgical wound infection is a common post-operative complication causing significant post-operative morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospital stays and adds between 10-20% to hospital cost.Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in Department of General Surgery and Department of Microbiology, M.L.N. Medical College and Swaroop Rani Nehru Hospital, Allahabad. The study group comprised of all patients who underwent surgery during the period from October 2017 to September 2018 and were diagnosed with postoperative surgical site infection and wound dehiscence.Results: A total of 1640 patients were followed during one year of study. 540 (32.92%) patients were operated as emergency cases while 1100 (67.08%) were operated as elective cases.Conclusions: Wound dehiscence is a common surgical complication occurring in about 6.5% of surgical procedures. Emergency operative procedures are associated with higher incidence (16.67%) of wound dehiscence as compared to elective surgical procedures (1.67%). Male gender is more commonly associated with wound dehiscence especially in case of emergency surgical procedures with male to female ration of 1.67:1.Incidence of wound dehiscence increases with increasing age being maximum in older age group. Malnutrition is the most common risk factor present in surgical patients predisposing to wound dehiscence.
Servicio/trabajo social con niños y niñas con necesidades educativas especiales en España
Authors: Pastor Seller Enrique , Grau Bastida Carla
Published: February 2019

El articulo presente la realidad del Servicio /Trabajo Social en el ámbito educativo en España respecto de los centros/servicios en los que se integra, necesidades que atiende, funciones desempeñadas y expectativas de futuro. Para la consecución de los objetivos previstos se ha realizado una investigación empírica con una metodología mixta (cuantitativa y cualitativa), mediante el análisis documental, la administración de cuestionarios a profesionales, la realización de entrevistas individuales y grupales a expertos. En la investigación han participado un total de 30 profesionales del Trabajo/Servicio Social que desempeñan su labor en el ámbito educativo en el sureste de España (provincias de Almería, Alicante y Murcia). Los resultados alcanzados permiten aproximarnos a la realidad del Trabajo/Servicio Social en el ámbito educativo en el Sureste de España. De la investigación se constata que el perfil profesional se caracteriza por una feminización de la población con un edad promedio de entre 31 y 51 años; los centros y servicios en los que se integran son en su mayoría de dependencia pública, principalmente en Equipos de Orientación Educativa; atienden necesidades como el absentismo escolar, orientación familiar, atención a la diversidad y necesidades educativas especiales; sus funciones van destinadas a prevenir y atender problemáticas individuales de los/as alumnos/as, en relación a los contexto familiar y escolar; existe una escasa presencia de trabajadores/as sociales en el sistema educativo, así como una falta de reconocimiento de esta figura profesional en educación.
Economics Dimensions of Health Inequities: The Role of Implementation Research
Authors: Engelgau Michael M. , Zhang Ping , Jan Stephen , Mahal Ajay
Published: February 2019

Health inequities are well-documented, but their economic dimensions have received less attention. In this report, we describe four economic dimensions of health inequi­ties in the United States. First, we describe an economic conceptual framework that connects poverty and health inequities at both individual and population levels and conveys the concept of reverse causality, where poverty worsens health inequi­ties and health inequities worsen poverty. This framework can help us understand the key elements of health inequity and its drivers. Second, we describe economic measurements used for quantifying the economic burden of health inequalities and summarize the empirical findings from studies. Third, we review the evidence on the return-on-investment of economic interventions that are aimed at reducing health inequities. Finally, we highlight the importance of cross disciplinary perspec­tives from economics and implementation research in effectively delivering interven­tions that can mitigate health inequities. Ethn Dis.2019;29(Suppl 1):103-112; doi:10.18865/ed.29.S1.103.
Practice-Based Research Networks: Strategic Opportunities to Advance Implementation Research for Health Equity
Authors: Westfall John M. , Roper Rebecca , Gaglioti Anne , Nease, Jr. Donald E.
Published: February 2019

While the vast majority of people re­ceive their medical care in community primary and specialty care clinics, most clinical research is performed in academic tertiary care hospitals and hospital clin­ics. Practice-based research networks are most commonly collections of primary care practices that work together to ask and answer health questions for their patients and communities and are an integral part of the translational pathway from discovery to practice to community health. Community primary care practices are at the front line of health equity issues; equity in clinical care, equity in community health, equity in social determinants of health, and equity in health outcomes. Practice-based research networks can gather and combine data from dozens of communities, hundreds of prac­tices and thousands of patients to address health equity and disparities across the full spectrum of community and public health to clinical and primary care. This article will briefly outline the history of PBRNs, types of PBRNs, locations, topics, and patient outcomes over the past 25 years. Current PBRN efforts to address health disparities and improve health equity will be described. New PBRN opportunities to address health disparities and approaches to advance implementation research for health equity in the practice and community will be described. Readers will be challenged to consider ways to engage practice-based research networks in their health equity ef­forts.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(Suppl 1):113-118; doi:10.18865/ed.29.S1.113.
An Institutional Coordinated Plan for Effective Partnerships to Achieve Health Equity and Biomedical Workforce Diversity
Authors: Vishwanatha Jamboor K. , Basha Riyaz , Nair Maya , Jones Harlan P.
Published: February 2019

The rapid growth and accumulation of specialized knowledge in today’s biomedi­cal fields, combined with entrenched and emerging health issues that persist among certain groups within the US population, emphasizes the significant need to diversify the nation’s biomedical science workforce. The under-representation of minorities in science results in inadequate scientific input from divergent social or cultural perspec­tives and detracts from our nation’s ability to resolve health disparities. The University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth has developed a coordinated approach with local, regional, and na­tional partners to increase participation of underrepresented students along the career pathway from K-12 to faculty level. Career stage specific activities that include research, mentoring, networking, career development, grantsmanship and health disparities curriculum are provided for participants. Successful outcomes from our coordinated plan includes an increase in participant self-efficacy, research presenta­tion awards, increase in grant awards and publications, and career advancement. Through partnerships within our institution, local school districts, and minority serving institutions nationwide, our coordinated plan provides mutually beneficial co-learning experiences to increase the number of under-represented individuals entering translational research focused on increasing the biomedical research workforce diversity and achieving health equity. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(Suppl2):129-134); doi:10.18865/ ed.29.S1.129.
Global, Regional, National, and Subnational Big Data to Inform Health Equity Research: Perspectives from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Authors: Mokdad Ali H. , Mensah George A. , Krish Varsha , Glenn Scott D. , Miller-Petrie Molly K. , Lopez Alan D. , Murray Christopher J.L.
Published: February 2019

Objectives: Everyone deserves a long and healthy life, but in reality, health outcomes differ across populations. We use results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017) to report patterns in the burden of diseases, injuries, and risks at the global, regional, national, and subnational level, and by sociodemographic index (SDI), from 1990 to 2017.Design: GBD 2017 undertook a systematic analysis of published studies and available data providing information on prevalence, incidence, remission, and excess mortal­ity. We computed prevalence, incidence, mortality, life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, years of life lost due to prema­ture mortality, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years with 95% uncertainty intervals for 23 age groups, both sexes, and 918 locations, including 195 countries and territories and subnational locations for 16 countries from 1990 to 2017. We also computed SDI, a summary indicator combining measures of income, education, and fertility.Results: There were wide disparities in the burden of disease by SDI, with smaller burdens in affluent countries and in specific regions within countries. Select diseases and risks, such as drug use disorders, high blood pressure, high body mass index, diet, high fasting plasma glucose, smoking, and alco­hol use disorders warrant increased global attention and indicate a need for greater investment in prevention and treatment across the life course.Conclusions: Policymakers need a com­prehensive picture of what risks and causes result in disability and death. The GBD provides the means to quantify health loss: these findings can be used to examine root causes of disparities and develop pro­grams to improve health and health equity.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(Suppl 1): 159-172; doi:10.18865/ed.29.S1.159.
Defining and Achieving Health Equity in Genomic Medicine
Authors: Jooma Sonya , Hahn Michael J. , Hindorff Lucia A. , Bonham Vence L.
Published: February 2019

The potential of genomics to improve health comes with the peril that the benefits will not be equitably available to all populations. Existing health disparities can be exacer­bated if the implementation of genomic medicine does not intentionally focus on health equity. Defining what health equity means in the context of genomics and outlining how it can be achieved is impor­tant for the future of the field. Strategies to improve health equity include addressing underrepresentation of diverse popula­tions in genomic research, investigating how genomic services can be deployed in diverse health care settings and underserved communities, increasing workforce diversity, supporting infrastructure development out­side traditional research centers, and engag­ing communities and health care providers. By employing these strategies, the genomic research community can advance health equity in genomic medicine. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(Suppl 1):173-178; doi:10.18865/ ed.29.S1.173.
The Emergence of Genomic Research in Africa and New Frameworks for Equity in Biomedical Research
Authors: Bentley Amy R. , Callier Shawneequa , Rotimi Charles
Published: February 2019

Individuals with African ancestry have the greatest genomic diversity in the world, yet they have been underrepresented in genomic research. To advance our under­standing of human biology and our ability to trace human history, we must include more samples from Africans in genomic research. Additionally, inclusion of more samples from participants of recent African descent is imperative to provide equitable health care as genomics is increasingly used for diagnosis, treatment, and to understand disease risk. The Human Heredity and Health in Africa initiative (H3Africa) seeks to expand the number of Africans included in genomic research and to do so by expand­ing the research capacity on the continent. In this article, we discuss how H3Africa is endeavoring to achieve these goals while promoting equitable research collabora­tions.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(Suppl 1):179-186; doi:10.18865/ed.29.S1.179
Leveraging Implementation Science to Address Health Disparities in Genomic Medicine: Examples from the Field
Authors: Roberts Megan C. , Mensah George A. , Khoury Muin J.
Published: February 2019

The integration of genomic data into screen­ing, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment for clinical and public health practices has been slow and challenging. Implementa­tion science can be applied in tackling the barriers and challenges as well as exploring opportunities and best practices for integrat­ing genomic data into routine clinical and public health practice. In this article, we de­fine the state of disparities in genomic medi­cine and focus predominantly on late-stage research findings. We use case studies from genetic testing for cardiovascular diseases (familial hypercholesterolemia) and cancer (Lynch syndrome and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome) in high-risk populations to consider current disparities and related barriers in turning genomic advances into population health impact to advance health equity. Finally, we address how implementation science can address these translational barriers and we discuss the strategic importance of collaborative multi-stakeholder approaches that engage public health agencies, professional societ­ies, academic health and research centers, community clinics, and patients and their families to work collectively to improve population health and reduce or eliminate health inequities.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(Suppl 1):187-192; doi:10.18865/ed.29.S1.187.
Uniting the Vision for Health Equity through Partnerships: The 2nd Annual Dr. Elijah Saunders & Dr. Levi Watkins Memorial Lecture
Authors: Perez-Stable Eliseo J. , Rodriquez Erik J.
Published: February 2019

Minority health research focuses on outcomes by race and ethnicity categories used in the United States census. Overall mortality has decreased significantly for African Americans, Latinos, and Asians over the past 20 years even though it has stopped improving for poor Whites and continues to increase for American Indians/ Alaska Natives. Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease partly account for this trend, but there is room for improvement. Health disparities research also includes persons of less privileged socioeconomic status, underserved rural residents, and sexual and gender minorities of any race and ethnicity when the outcomes are worse than a reference population. Understanding mechanisms that lead to health disparities from behavioral, biological, environmental and health care perspectives will lead to interventions that reduce these disparities and promote health equity. Experiences with racism and discrimination generate a chronic stress response with measurable effects on biological processes and study is needed to evaluate long-term effects on health outcomes. A clinical example of effective approaches to reducing disparities is management of hypertension to promote stroke reduction that requires health system changes, patient-clinician partnerships and engagement of community organiza­tions. Clinicians in health care settings have the potential to promote health equity by implementing standardized measures of social determinants, leveraging the power of health information technology, maxi­mizing cultural competence and socially precise care and engaging communities to reduce health disparities. Strategic partner­ships between health care institutions and community-based organizations need to parallel patient-clinician partnerships and are essential to promote health equity and reduce disparities. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(Suppl 1):193-200; doi:10.18865/ed.29.S1.193.
Implementation Research Methodologies for Achieving Scientific Equity and Health Equity
Authors: McNulty Moira , Smith J.D. , Villamar Juan , Burnett-Zeigler Inger , Vermeer Wouter , Benbow Nanette , Gallo Carlos , Wilensky Uri , Hjorth Arthur , Mustanski Brian , Schneider John , Brown C. Hendricks
Published: February 2019

Implementation science has great potential to improve the health of communities and individuals who are not achieving health equity. However, implementation science can exacerbate health disparities if its use is biased toward entities that already have the highest capacities for delivering evidence-based interventions. In this article, we ex­amine several methodologic approaches for conducting implementation research to ad­vance equity both in our understanding of what historically disadvantaged populations would need—what we call scientific equi­ty—and how this  knowledge can be applied to produce health equity. We focus on rapid ways to gain knowledge on how to engage, design research, act, share, and sustain successes in partnership with communities. We begin by describing a principle-driven partnership process between community members and implementation researchers to overcome disparities. We then review three innovative implementation method paradigms to improve scientific and health equity and provide examples of each. The first paradigm involves making efficient use of existing data by applying epidemiologic and simulation modeling to understand what drives disparities and how they can be overcome. The second paradigm involves designing new research studies that include, but do not focus exclusively on, popula­tions experiencing disparities in health domains such as cardiovascular disease and co-occurring mental health conditions. The third paradigm involves implementation research that focuses exclusively on popula­tions who have experienced high levels of disparities. To date, our scientific enterprise has invested disproportionately in research that fails to eliminate health disparities. The implementation research methods discussed here hold promise for overcoming barri­ers and achieving health equity.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(Suppl 1):83-92; doi:10.18865/ ed.29.S1.83.
Social Networks and Physical Activity in Senior Housing: A Pilot Feasibility Study
Authors: Webster Noah J. , Antonucci Toni C. , Alexander Neil B.
Published: February 2019

Objective: Only 16% of people aged >65 years engage in recommended levels of physical activity, putting a vast major­ity at risk for multiple chronic conditions including heart disease. Physical activity is even lower among older adults with fewer economic resources. Research is needed to develop context-specific approaches to pair with physical activity interventions to increase effectiveness. In this pilot study, we examine social ties and physical activity levels of older adults living in a US Depart­ment of Housing and Urban Development subsidized senior housing community to test feasibility of a social network-based approach to physical activity interventions. This study is grounded in Social Contagion Theory and the Convoy Model of Social Relations, which argue health and health-related behaviors are facilitated through network ties.Methods: Data were collected through face-to-face interviews conducted over the course of three months (September- November 2018) with 46 residents living in a low-income senior housing community in southeast Michigan. Residents were asked about physical activity, people they know in the community, and their close social network composition.Results: Residents reported knowing, on average, six other residents and approxi­mately 28% of those in their close networks were also residents. Sociocentric network analysis identified two socially engaged (known by seven or more other residents) physically active residents, whereas ego-centric analysis identified four (60% or more of their network comprised residents).Conclusions: This study demonstrates potential feasibility of a strategic partnership that involves pairing social resources with physical activity interventions in afford­able senior housing. Multiple approaches, which need to be evaluated, exist to identify socially engaged residents.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(Suppl 1): 201-208; doi:10.18865/ed.29.S1.201.
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Strategic Vision Implementation for Health Equity Research
Authors: Mensah George A. , Stoney Catherine M. , Freemer Michelle M. , Smith Sharon , Engelgau Michael M. , Hoots Keith , Kiley James P. , Goff David C.
Published: February 2019

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) provides global leader­ship for a research, training, and education program to promote the prevention and treatment of heart, lung, and blood diseases and enhance the health of all individuals so that they can live longer and more fulfilling lives. Inherent in this mission is the com­mitment to advance health equity research as an avenue for enhancing the health of all individuals. Additionally, the four goals and eight research objectives of the NHLBI Strategic Vision directly support the com­mitment to health equity. In this article, we present selected examples of the NHLBI Strategic Vision implementation approaches for advancing health equity research in our mission areas of heart, lung, and blood diseases. Examples of diseases for which the burden of health inequities and our strategic vision implementation approaches are discussed include hypertension, heart failure, vascular dementia, asthma, and sickle cell disease. Examples are provided of new avenues of Institute-solicited re­search to stimulate and address compelling scientific questions and critical challenges to advance health equity. We also highlight the emerging fields of implementation sci­ence and predictive analytics as important opportunities to accelerate the translation of discovery science into health impact for all and to advance health equity.Ethn Dis.2019;29(Suppl1):57-64; doi:10.18865/ed.29.S1.57.
Fostering Diversity and Inclusion in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Small Business Program
Authors: Padmore Eric W. , McMahon Matthew J.
Published: February 2019

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute has developed a strategic ap­proach to fostering diversity and inclusion within its community of small business innovators. The approach is focused on three central goals: 1) Increase awareness of NHLBI’s support for small businesses among underrepresented groups through focused outreach; 2) Identify and eliminate barriers to entry into small business funding programs and entrepreneurial activities for minority and female applicants through spe­cific, targeted training and support; and 3) Expand diversity and inclusivity within our networks by providing additional support for NHLBI-funded small businesses to hire members of underrepresented groups. Key partnerships with biomedical accelerators in underserved regions will be leveraged to maximize impact and achieve all three goals. This article describes the historical context and current state of policies in this arena; it also provides details about mecha­nisms and approaches used to achieve the goals.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(Suppl 1):71-76; doi:10.18865/ed.29.S1.71.
Building the Next Generation of Implementation Science Careers to Advance Health Equity
Authors: Boyce Cheryl Anne , Barfield Whitney , Curry Jennifer , Shero Susan , Green Parker Mellissa , Cox Helen , Bustillo Jazmin , Price LeShawndra N.
Published: February 2019

Rapid advancements in translational research have produced innovative clinical discoveries and evidence-based interven­tions that are ready for uptake in real-world settings, creating vast opportunities and challenges for implementation science. However, there is an inadequate research workforce to study effective strategies and delivery of implementation to advance the field. Novel career development initiatives will build scholars for the next genera­tion of implementation science to bridge research to practice for diverse populations to advance health equity, specifically with a strategic focus on heart, lung, blood and sleep diseases and conditions. Along with traditional mentoring and curricula, research training includes state-of-the-art approaches using complex methods and multi-disci­plinary collaborations between researchers, practice settings, and diverse communities. Implementation science scholars strive not only to decrease the lag time between the discovery of evidence-based interven­tions and successful implementation but also how to advance health equity and to reduce disparities for underserved popula­tions that suffer disproportionally.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(Suppl 1):77-82; doi:10.18865/ed.29.S1.77.
Implementation Research Methodologies for Achieving Scientific Equity and Health Equity
Authors: McNulty Moira , Smith J.D. , Villamar Juan , Burnett-Zeigler Inger , Vermeer Wouter , Benbow Nanette , Gallo Carlos , Wilensky Uri , Hjorth Arthur , Mustanski Brian , Schneider John , Brown C. Hendricks
Published: February 2019

Implementation science has great potential to improve the health of communities and individuals who are not achieving health equity. However, implementation science can exacerbate health disparities if its use is biased toward entities that already have the highest capacities for delivering evidence-based interventions. In this article, we ex­amine several methodologic approaches for conducting implementation research to ad­vance equity both in our understanding of what historically disadvantaged populations would need—what we call scientific equi­ty—and how this  knowledge can be applied to produce health equity. We focus on rapid ways to gain knowledge on how to engage, design research, act, share, and sustain successes in partnership with communities. We begin by describing a principle-driven partnership process between community members and implementation researchers to overcome disparities. We then review three innovative implementation method paradigms to improve scientific and health equity and provide examples of each. The first paradigm involves making efficient use of existing data by applying epidemiologic and simulation modeling to understand what drives disparities and how they can be overcome. The second paradigm involves designing new research studies that include, but do not focus exclusively on, popula­tions experiencing disparities in health domains such as cardiovascular disease and co-occurring mental health conditions. The third paradigm involves implementation research that focuses exclusively on popula­tions who have experienced high levels of disparities. To date, our scientific enterprise has invested disproportionately in research that fails to eliminate health disparities. The implementation research methods discussed here hold promise for overcoming barri­ers and achieving health equity.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(Suppl 1):83-92; doi:10.18865/ed.29.S1.83.
Effect of Antihipertensive Drugs And Banana (Musa Sp.) To Potassium Serum Levels of Hypertensive Wistar Rats Model
Authors: Olivia Zora , Suryana Arinda Lironika
Published: February 2019

Consumption of antihypertensive drugs has the potential to cause drug and food interactions. Captopril/lisinopril can increase potassium levels by inhibiting the activity of renin angiotensin aldosterone. If captopril/lisinopril is consumed together with bananas, there is a risk of hyperkalemia because bananas are a high pottasium fruits. The aimed of this study was to determined the effect of captopril/lisinopril given with banana (Musa Sp) on potassium serum levels of Rattus novergicus strain Wistar hypertension model. This research was an experimental study with a randomized post-test control group design.Thirty (30) male wistar strain rats aged 2-3 months, weighing 200-250 grams were divided into 6 groups. The control group (K-) non-hypertensive rats, the control group (K+) hypertension rats+standard diet, the treatment group (P1) hypertension rats + standard diet + captopril 2.25 mg/kgBB, the treatment group (P2) hypertensive rats + standard diet + lisinopril 0.6 mg/kgBB, treatment group (P3) hypertension rats + standard diet + captopril with banana and treatment group (P4)  hypertension rats + standard diet + lisinopril with bananas. Measurement of potassium serum levels was carried out using electrolyte analyzer. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA test. The results showed that there were no significant differences in potassium serum levels between all groups. In conclusion, both of captopril 2.25 mg/kgBB and lisinopril 0.6 mg/kgBB given together with banana 9g/kgBB for 3 days hasn’t caused drug and food interactions.

Keywords: banana fruits, captopril, lisinopril, potassium serum
60 Yaş Üstü Sosyal Medya Kullanıcılarının Kullanıcı Arayüzü Deneyimlerinin İncelenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma Çalışması
Authors: BARANSELİ Ebru , KAYA Soner , ŞEN Mine
Published: February 2019

İnternet teknolojilerinin gündelik hayatın vazgeçilmez bir parçası haline gelmesi, farklı özelliklerdeki kullanıcıların ihtiyaçlarına yönelik arayüz tasarım alternatiflerini gündeme getirmiştir.

Her yaş grubundan insanın kullanımına açık olan sosyal medyanın arayüz tasarımları için, farklı

yaş gruplarına yönelik farklı tasarım çözümlerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. SnapChat gibi uygulamalarda olduğu gibi sadece arayüz tasarımı farklılaştırılarak belli yaş gruplarından oluşan hedef

kitleye ulaşmak mümkün olabilmektedir. Arayüz tasarımları özelleştirilerek sadece belli özellikteki insan topluluklarına hizmet verebilmektedir. Bu bağlamda farklı yaş gruplarının kullanıcı

arayüz tasarımları ile olan etkileşimleri, ihtiyaçları ve karşılaştıkları zorlukları belirlemek önem

kazanmıştır. Bu ihtiyaçların belirlenmesi adına, 60 yaş üstü sosyal medya kullanıcılarının demografik özelliklerinin, sosyal medya ve kullanıcı arayüz tasarımları ile ilgili tutumlarına yönelik bir

araştırma yapmak bu makalenin amacıdır. Araştırma sürecinde belirlenen hedef kitleden 137 sos-

yal medya kullanıcısına sosyal medya etkileşimleri ve ihtiyaçları ile ilgili sorular yöneltilmiş, çıkan

sonuçlar araştırmada yanıtları aranan 4 soru üzerinden yorumlanmıştır. Araştırmada öne çıkan

sonuçlardan biri, 60 yaş üstü kullanıcıların, sosyal medya sitelerini, bağlandıkları cihazlar üzerin-

den yakınlaştırmaya ihtiyaç duymalarıdır. Sosyal medya uygulamalarında arkaplan renklerinin

sadeliği, metinlerin daha büyük görünmeleri bu yaş grubu kullanıcılar için önemli kriterler olarak

değerlendirilmektedir. Bu araştırma sonucunda farklı yaş gruplarına yönelik arayüz tasarımları

ihtiyacı ve bu arayüzlerin kişiselleştirme özelliğine sahip olması gerekliliği ön plana çıkmıştır. 
Evolution of Microgrids with Converter-Interfaced Generations: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Hossain Md Alamgir , Pota Hemanshu Roy , Hossain Md Jahangir , Blaabjerg Frede
Published: February 2019

Although microgrids facilitate the increased penetration of distributed generations (DGs) and improve the security of power supplies, they have some issues that need to be better understood and addressed before realising the full potential of microgrids. This paper presents a comprehensive list of challenges and opportunities supported by a literature review on the evolution of converter-based microgrids. The discussion in this paper presented with a view to establishing microgrids as distinct from the existing distribution systems. This is accomplished by, firstly, describing the challenges and benefits of using DG units in a distribution network and then those of microgrid ones. Also, the definitions, classifications and characteristics of microgrids are summarised to provide a sound basis for novice researchers to undertake ongoing research on microgrids.
Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of a Chagalapoli fruit (Ardisia compressa) beverage fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Flores Garcia Ana , Márquez-Meléndez Ruben , salas erika , Ayala Soto Guillermo , Salmeron Ochoa Ivan , Hernandez Ochoa Leon
Published: February 2019

Chagalapoli fruit (Ardisia compressa) is similar to Vaccinium myrtillus (berries) with high-polyphenol content. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of Chagalapoli fruit and to determine the conditions for the preparation of a fermented beverage using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, evaluating the impact on sensory properties. The fermentation process lasted 4 days at 27 °C, with absence of light and a fixed pH of 3.8. The phenolic contents obtained in samples according to chromatograms were 1.27 mg(EPI)/mL in filtered juice, 1.59 mg(EPI)/mL in filtered fermented beverage, 1.91 mg(EPI)/mL in partially filtered juice and 3.19 mg(EPI)/mL in partially filtered fermented beverage. An affective test was carried out to determine the sensory acceptability of the final product, evaluating the flavor, color and aroma parameters. The fermented beverage with the greatest preference on color and flavor attributes was the partially filtered fermented beverage.
Characterization of Collagens Fibers (I, III, IV) and Elastin in the Extracellular Matrix of Normal and Neoplastic Canine Prostatic Tissues
Authors: Calderón Luis Gabriel Rivera , Kobayashi Priscila Emiko , Vasconcelos Rosemeri Oliveira , Fonseca-Alves Carlos Eduardo , Laufer-Amorim Renee
Published: February 2019

Collagen (Coll) is the most common protein in the extracellular matrix, responsible for providing tissue structure and support. In some types of cancer, including prostate cancer (PC) Coll deregulation was described and related to tumor progression and metastasis. This study aimed to investigate Coll-I, III, IV and elastin in canine normal prostate and PC, using Picrosirius red (PSR) and Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Eight normal prostates and 10 PC from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples were used. Collagen fibers area was analyzed with ImageJ software. The distribution of Coll-I and Coll-III was approximately 80% around prostatic ducts and acini, 15% among smooth muscle and 5% around in blood vessels, in both normal prostate and PC. Immunostaining for Coll-IV was observed in the basal membrane of prostate acini, smooth muscle, blood vessels, and never fibers of normal and PC samples. Elastic fibers were found in the septa dividing the lobules and around the prostatic acini of normal samples. A high amount of elastic fibers was observed around the ducts and the urethra in normal and PC. The distribution and area percentage of staining for collagen are similar in normal and neoplastic canine prostate when analyzed with PSR and IHC.
A Record of Morphological Anomalies in the Tick Dermacentor nuttalli Olenev (Acari: Ixodidae)
Authors: Wang Xiaojuan , Chen Ze , Liu Jingze
Published: February 2019

A previously undescribed malformed half-engorged female Dermacentor nuttalli was noticed in our tick specimen collection. This tick exhibited abnormal legs compared with normal D. nuttalli ticks. The first leg on the right side and the third leg on the left side were much smaller than normal ticks, and reduced to a small and degenerated appendix, respectively. Both of their pulvillus and claws were absent.
Effects of Alcohol Hangover on Cognitive Performance: Findings from a Field/Internet Mixed Methodology Study
Authors: Scholey Andrew , Benson Sarah , Kaufman Jordy , Terpstra Chantal , Ayre Elizabeth , Verster Joris , Allen Corey , Devilly Grant
Published: February 2019

Studies into the cognitive effects of alcohol have been mixed. They also present methodological challenges, often relying on self-report of alcohol consumption leading to hangover. The current study used BAC (obtained via breathalyser) and self-reported drinking behavior during a night out and related these to hangover severity and cognitive function measured over the internet in the same subjects the following morning. Volunteers were breathalysed and interviewed as they left a central entertainment district of an Australian state capital. They were provided with a unique identifier and, the following morning, logged on to a website. This included an online version of the Alcohol Hangover Severity Scale (AHSS), and number and type of drinks consumed the previous night and the eTMT-B - a validated, online analogue of the Trail Making Test B of executive function and working memory. Hangover severity was significantly correlated with one measure only, namely the previous night’s BAC (r = .228, p = .019). Completion time on the eTMT-B was significantly correlated with hangover severity ( r = .245, p = .012), previous night’s BAC (r = .197, p = .041) and time spent dinking (r = .376, p < .001). These findings confirm that alcohol hangover negatively affects cognitive functioning and that poorer working memory and executive performance correlates with hangover severity. The results also support the utility of using online measures in hangover research.
Susceptibility of Exopalaemon carinicauda to the Infection with Shrimp Hemocyte Iridescent Virus
Authors: Chen Xing , Qiu Liang , Wang Hailiang , Zou Peizhuo , Dong Xuan , Li Fuhua , Huang Jie
Published: February 2019

In this study, ridgetail white prawns Exopalaemon carinicauda were infected per os with debris of Shrimp hemocyte iridescent virus (SHIV)-infected Penaeus vannamei and via intramuscular injection (im) with raw extracts of SHIV. The infected E. carinicauda showed obvious clinical symptoms, including weakness, empty gut and stomach, pale hepatopancreas, and partial death with cumulative mortality of (50.0±26.5)% and (76.7±18.3)%, respectively. Results of TaqMan probe based real-time quantitative PCR showed that the moribund and survival individuals with clinical signs of infected E. carinicauda were SHIV-positive. Histological examination showed that there were dark eosinophilic inclusions, of which some were surrounded with or contained tiny basophilic staining, and pyknosis in cytoplasm of hemocytes in the hepatopancreatic sinus, hematopoietic cells, and cuticular epithelium, etc. Positive hybridization signals were observed in stomach, hematopoietic tissue, cuticular epithelium, and hepatopancreatic sinus of infected prawns from both per os and im groups, according to the results of in situ DIG-labeling-loop-mediated DNA Amplification (ISDL). Transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections showed that icosahedral SHIV particles existed in hepatopancreatic sinus and gills of the infected E. carinicauda of the per os group. The viral particles were also observed in the hepatopancreatic sinus, gills, pereiopods, muscles, and uropods of the infected E. carinicauda from the im group. The assembled virions mostly distributed outside of the assembling area near cellular membrane of infected cells, which were with envelope and about 150 nm in diagonal diameter. The results of molecular biological tests, histopathological examination, ISDL, and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that E. carinicauda is one of the susceptible hosts of SHIV. This study also reminded that E. carinicauda showed some degree of tolerance to the infection with SHIV per os challenge mimicking natural pathway.
Atomic Layer Deposited TiO2 and Al2O3 Thin Films as Coatings for Aluminum Food Packaging Application
Authors: Dias Vanessa , Maciel Homero , Fraga Mariana , Lobo Anderson , Pessoa Rodrigo , Marciano Fernanda
Published: February 2019

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) coatings have been investigated in a wide range of bio-applications due to their biodegradation and biocompatibility properties, that are key parameters for their use in the food packaging and biomedical devices fields. The present study evaluates and compares the electrochemical behavior of the non-coated, commercial resin-coated, TiO2-coated and Al2O3-coated aluminum in commercial beer electrolyte. For this, TiO2 and Al2O3 thin films were deposited on aluminum (Al) substrates using atomic layer deposition (ALD). The evaluation of the corrosion barrier layer properties was performed by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In addition, profilometry, grazing incidence X-ray diffractometry (GIXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses were performed to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the pristine and / or corroded samples. TiO2 and Al2O3 films presented an amorphous structure, a morphology that follows Al substrate surface, and a thickness of around 100 nm. Analysis of LSV data showed that ALD coatings promoted a considerable increase in corrosion barrier efficiency being 86.3% for TiO2-coated Al and 80% for Al2O3-coated Al in comparison with 7.1% of commercial resin-coated Al. This is mainly due to the lower electrochemical porosity, 11.4% for TiO2-coated Al and 20.4% for Al2O3-coated Al in comparison with 96% of the resin-coated Al, i.e. an increase of up to twofold in the protection of Al when coated with TiO2 compared to Al2O3 coated. The EIS results allow us to complement the discussions about the reduced corrosion barrier efficiency of the Al2O3 film for beer electrolyte once SEM and FT-IR analyzes did not show drastic changes in both investigated ALD films after the corrosion assays. The above results indicate that ALD TiO2 and Al2O3 films may be a viable alternative to replace the synthetic resin coatings frequently used in aluminum cans of use in the food industry.
Leishmania Proteomics: An in Silico Perspective
Authors: Padilla Carlos A. , Alvarez Maria J. , Combariza Aldo
Published: February 2019

We report on the state of the art of proteins recognized as potential targets for the development of leishmania treatments through the search of biologically active chemical species, either from experimental in vitro, in vivo, or in silico sources. We classify the gathered information, in several ways: vector taxonomy and geographical distribution, leishmania parasite taxonomic and geographical distribution and enzymatic function (oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases and cytokines). Our aim is to provide a much needed reference layout for research efforts aimed to understand the background of ligand-protein activation/inactivation processes, in this specific case, related with enzymes known to be part of biochemical cascade reactions initiated following a leishmania infectious episode.
The Prevalence of Periodontal Diseases in Portugal and Correspondent Digital National Awareness: Analysis of Data from Global Burden of Disease, Directorate-General of Health and Google Trends for the Period 2004-2017
Authors: Machado Vanessa , Botelho João , Albernaz Neves João , Proença Luís , Alves Ricardo , Alzira Cavacas Maria , Rua João , Delgado Ana , João Mendes José
Published: February 2019

Background: The progression of periodontal diseases at national Portuguese level and its public awareness are of great interest, mainly due to the high burden of periodontitis. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence progression of periodontal diseases in Portugal and correspondent public awareness, between 2004 and 2017, by using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD), Directorate-General of Health (DGH) and Google® Trends (GT). Methods: For the period 2004-2017, Portuguese national data of periodontal diseases prevalence were searched in the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation of GBD and DGH and for public awareness, GT comparison tool between Portuguese words for “Periodontitis”, “Gingivitis”, “Gums” and “Periodontal disease” trends was used. Results: For the period 2004-2017, the overall prevalence of periodontitis slightly increased from 11.3% to 11.7%. During that period the GT search term “Gums” (“Gengivas”) was the most relevant. It increased steadily over time while the search term “Periodontal disease” (“Doença periodontal”) decreased, being these search trends significantly correlated (