bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Family experience in implementing family center care for sick children in the special region of Yogyakarta
Authors: Susilo Adi Giri , Pratiwi Etik , Prihatin Eni Septi Wulandari Dwi , Kustio Priliana Wiwi
Published: October 2023

Background: The family plays an important role in the hospitalization of children. Patient and family centered care (PFCC) or family care centered is an approach to planning, implementing, and evaluating health care that is based on mutual benefits. This study aims to knowing the experience of families in implementing family center care for sick children in the bantul area, special region of Yogyakarta.
Methods: The research was implemented using the mixed method. The quantitative design was carried out using a pre-experimental design model with a pre-post-test and a qualitative method. The study sample consisted of 41 patients taken from a medical and rehabilitation clinic in the Yogyakarta area. A sample of 10 patients to examine the experiences of patients who experience pain.
Results: The results of data analysis using the paired sample t test with the average FCC pretest score is 78.313, and the average FCC post test score is 79.980. The test results showed a p value of 0.00. Patient experience in family center care which includes giving affection, information about how to care for patients and providing nutrition to patients. Health workers can carry out periodic monitoring related to family center care activities so that families can meet the needs of children, especially when children are sick.
Conclusions: Family center care program had effect on patient recovery.
An assessment of the quality of life during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a cross-sectional survey from the Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Othman Basim A.
Published: October 2023

Background: In early 2020, COVID-19 emerged as a health crisis and began affecting various dimensions of people’s quality of life (QoL). This study assessed QoL during the COVID-19 outbreak in the Al-Baha region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January 2023 and February 2023 to gather information on the participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and QoL. To assess QoL, 12 items were adapted from the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instruments (WHOQOL-BREF). To describe QoL scores, median and interquartile ranges were used. A multinomial regression analysis was performed between associated factors and QoL score quartiles, and the statistical significance level was set at p<0.05.
Results: This study involved 624 participants, with a median QoL score of 37 and an interquartile range of 32–43. The multinomial regression analysis results illustrated that male (OR=1.64; 95% CI: 1.05-2.57) participants aged 18-25 years (OR=2.31; 95% CI: 1.18-4.52) and those who were married (OR=2.12; 95% CI: 1.25-3.57) were likelier to be in the first quartile of the QoL scores.
Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected several aspects of individuals’ QoL. To mitigate the negative influences of the pandemic and enhance the QoL and health of the population, community-based interventions are required.
Suprapatellar versus infrapatellar approach for intramedullary nailing in tibial shaft fractures
Authors: Lone Aadil Hussain , Rather Aabid Ahmad , Bhat Aamir Nazir , Maajid Saheel , Khan Kafeel
Published: October 2023

Background: Tibial shaft fractures accounts about 2% of all adult fractures and it is a common traumatic injury caused by high-energy trauma. The intra-medullary nail fixation either by Suprapatellar approach or Infrapatellar approach has been reported to be a successful surgical procedure for the treatment of proximal tibia fractures. Aim was to compare the clinical and functional outcomes of tibial shaft fractures treated with IMN using the suprapatellar and infrapatellar methods.
Methods: The present prospective comparative study was conducted to compare the clinical and functional outcomes of tibial shaft fractures managed by Suprapatellar or Infrapatellar intramedullary nailing technique. This study was conducted in the Post Graduate Department of Orthopedics in SKIMS, MCH Bemina, Srinagar for a period of 02 years from May, 2020 to May, 2022. A total of 40 patients with tibial shaft fracture were included in the study. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, SPSS Inc., v.16).
Results: It was observed that the majority of the participants (37.5%) were in 31-40 year’s age group, there were male predominance with the male to female ratio 2.33:1. In SP technique excellent results were observed in 80% of the study subjects whereas in IP technique, 70% patients had excellent results.
Conclusions: It is concluded that SP technique shows better results as compared to IP technique in the management of tibial shaft fracture.
Knowledge and perception of magnetic resonance imaging safety among patients
Authors: Sharma Saurabh Kumar , Singh Shilpa
Published: October 2023

Background: MRI knowledge and safety are very important not for only MRI technicians, doctors, professionals but also for patients who are undergoing MRI examination.  The key purpose of this research to evaluate the knowledge and perception of MRI Safety among patients, as accidents can happen due to patient’s insufficient knowledge regarding MRI.
Method: The retrospective study was performed around 50 patients at Maharishi Markandeshwar institute of medical sciences and research, Ambala, Haryana. Questionnaire design was used to assess their knowledge and perception. The questionnaire form was filled by an investigator directly discussion with patients and the data was collected and analyzed using Microsoft excel sheet.
Result: It was assessed that how much knowledge and what is the perception of MRI study among patients. There were 23 (46%) female and f 27 (54%) male in different age group. In response to question regarding how patients felt before MRI scan, 16% patients felt panic, 10% sensed fear and panic, fear and anxiety were experienced by 6% patients, fear was the emotion that 15 patients (30%) suffered, anxiety as the sole was felt by 7 (14%), for 2 (4%) regret was the sensation and 10 patients (20%) didn’t have any issue.
Conclusions: The conclusion of this research depicted that majority of the patients were in dark with relation to the knowledge and perception of MRI. It is crucial to explain to the patients about the contraindications and rules regarding the MRI scan.
Comparative study of propofol and etomidate as intravenous induction agents for general anesthesia: hemodynamic effects, adrenal suppression, and blood glucose response in controlled hypertensive patients
Authors: Raina Parul , Gulati Smriti , Chauhan Vrinda , Vig Anita
Published: October 2023

Background: General anesthesia induces unconsciousness and loss of reflexes, facilitating complex medical treatments. The induction of anesthesia is crucial for patient comfort and procedural success, with propofol and etomidate being common intravenous induction agents. Propofol offers a rapid onset and short duration, while etomidate is known for cardiovascular stability.
Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial involving 100 controlled hypertensive patients compared propofol and etomidate for induction. Hemodynamic parameters and biochemical responses were monitored at various intervals. Injection site discomfort and myoclonus were assessed, and cortisol and glucose levels were measured.
Results: Baseline hemodynamic values were similar. Etomidate resulted in stable hemodynamics as compared to propofol. Blood sugars were comparable. Though serum cortisol levels were reduced after etomidate was given. But it came back to normal range 24 hours after surgery. Injection site pain was reported by 20% of etomidate patients and 10% of propofol patients. No myoclonus occurred.
Conclusions: Etomidate is an effective induction agent for controlled hypertensive individuals, causing transient adrenal suppression without affecting blood sugar levels.
Comparison of thoracic segmental spinal anaesthesia and lumbar spinal anaesthesia for percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Singhal Geetanjali , Choudhary Swati , Saxena Arun Kumar
Published: October 2023

Background: This study aimed to compare the feasibility and safety of low thoracic segmental spinal anesthesia (TSSA) and conventional lumbar spinal anesthesia (LSA) in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).
Methods: Sixty adult patients undergoing elective PCNL were randomly assigned to two groups: T (TSSA) and L (LSA). Group T received TSSA (isobaric ropivacaine 0.75% 2.5 ml with dexmedetomidine 6mcg) at T10-T12, while Group L received LSA (hyperbaric ropivacaine 0.75% 4 ml with dexmedetomidine 6mcg) at L2-L4. Primary objectives included assessing hemodynamic changes, block onset, and duration, and adverse effects. Secondary objectives were time to rescue analgesia, patient, and surgeon satisfaction. Data was analyzed using SPSS.
Results: All patients underwent surgery successfully under neuraxial anesthesia. Group T exhibited more stable hemodynamics with a significantly lower hypotension incidence compared to Group L (3.33% vs. 26.66%, p=0.03). Onset of sensory and motor block was quicker in the TSSA group (p<0.001). Sensory block levels were T6 for both groups, but TSSA affected levels L2 and L3, while LSA impacted all segments below T6. No neurological complications occurred, particularly in Group T, which had higher satisfaction scores from surgeons and patients.
Conclusions: TSSA is a safe and effective option for PCNL, providing better hemodynamic stability and reducing intra-operative hypotension compared to conventional LSA.
A five-year retrospective analysis of clinical, pathological and treatment aspects on stomach cancer from a regional cancer centre in north east India
Authors: Mahawar Rahul , S. Devi Yumkhaibam , D. Devi Ningthoujam , Panmei Ruby , Babu B. Mohan , Malsawmtluanga Benjamin
Published: October 2023

Background: Stomach cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the world, which generally presents in advanced stage and have poor prognosis.
Methods: Retrospective study including 101 cases was done at the Regional Cancer Centre in North East India from January, 2018 to December, 2022 on the clinical, pathological and treatment aspects of stomach cancer.
Results: Median age of diagnosis was 59 years, with high male: female ratio. Most common risk factor was tobacco smoking and chewing. Most common symptom was pain abdomen followed by nausea or vomiting. Antrum was the most common tumor location, and gastric outlet obstruction was present in 10.9% patients. Histologically, all patients had adenocarcinoma, with metastasis found in 47 patients. Out of the 101 patients enrolled in the study, 50 patients were treated with curative intent and the remaining 51 patients were treated with palliative intent. Patients were treated with surgery, preoperative/ adjuvant/ palliative chemotherapy and/or curative/ palliative radiotherapy.
Conclusions: This study showed tobacco use as an important risk factor for stomach cancer. Majority of our patients were diagnosed at an advanced stage, thus having poor prognosis. Hence, avoidance of risk factors, early detection of signs and symptoms, and aggressive treatment with surgery, chemotherapy, and/ or radiotherapy is required for management of stomach cancer.
Histopathologic features of calcinosis cutis: a case series
Authors: Chandran V. Anish , Sharma Sudha , Kaushik Rajni
Published: October 2023

Calcinosis cutis is a rare condition characterized by the abnormal deposition of calcium salts in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It usually occurs as an isolated entity, but is also associated with various systemic disorders. We had reported 8 cases in our department in the past one year. A striking finding was that all of them had clinical symptoms of at least 6 months and had normal serum calcium levels. The gross evaluation of the specimen showed areas of calcification which pointed out towards the diagnosis to be consistent with calcinosis cutis. The various histologic findings were presence of basophilic acellular material corresponding to calcification, eosinophilic hyalinization, foreign body giant cell reaction and an Inflammatory infiltrate. All the biopsies had conclusive evidence of the first finding. It is evident that all the cases encompass a variety of morphological findings and aim to convey a clear histopathological understanding of the lesion for a prompt diagnosis.
Distally based peroneus brevis muscle flap for the use of reconstruction of lower third defects of leg and ankle
Authors: Mohan A. Ravi Chandra , Poldas Jyothsna V. , Thobbi Vaibhav
Published: October 2023

Peroneus brevis is a muscle in the lateral compartment of the leg which is expendable with minimal functional deficit. The objective of this study was to find out its use in the coverage of the defects of the lower third of leg and ankle. A retrospective analysis of the use of pedicled peroneus brevis muscle flaps used for coverage of defects of the lower third defects of leg and ankle between May 2022 and 2023 was carried out among 10 patients with said defects. The flaps were distally based for defects the lower third of leg and ankle. Split skin graft coverage was done in all cases. The distally based peroneus brevis muscle flap was used in a series of 10 patients with defects over the lateral malleolus (40%), anterior lower 1/3rd of tibia (40%) and tendoachilles (20%). Flap survival was 100% in all cases with 3 cases having 20% split skin graft loss. Donor site healed well in 100% of cases and no long term muscle function deficit was observed in all cases. This flap has a unique vascular pattern and falls into the type-4 muscle flap category under the Mathes and Nahai Classification. The flap is simple to raise and safe for the reconstruction of small-to moderate-sized skin defects of the distal third of the tibia and all parts of the ankle except the medial malleolus, which is too far from the pedicle of the distally based flap.
Intramyometrial ectopic pregnancy-a rare case
Authors: Nagpal Nimisha , Pal Kaur Amrit , Sharma Sukriti
Published: October 2023

Ectopic pregnancies comprise 1-2% of all the first trimester pregnancies. Out of this, 95% are tubal in origin and only 5% are non-tubal. We report a rare type of intramyometrial ectopic pregnancy for which less than 50 cases have been reported so far. A case of intramyometrial pregnancy in 35-year-old primigravida with no previous history of uterine trauma, which is thought to be the main culprit behind its pathophysiology. Effective management in this case preserved the uterus for future pregnancies. Follow up was done till β- HCG levels returned to undetectable state.
Unmasking Rosai-Dorfman disease in a woman with cervical lymphadenopathy: a histopathological insight
Authors: Doshi Anoushka A. , Nelekar Shruti B.
Published: October 2023

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) also called as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy is a rare benign proliferative self‐limiting disease of the macrophage‐histiocyte cell family. Its etiology is unknown and presents with massive lymphadenopathy. We hereby present a case of a female presenting with massive cervical lymphadenopathy, evening rise in temperature and weight loss. It was initially misdiagnosed as tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy as it is the most common cause of cervical lymphadenopathy in India due to high prevalence of tuberculosis. It was treated with anti-tuberculous drugs, but did not resolve. Eventually neck biopsy was done which showed characteristic histopathologic features including emperipolesis and S100 positivity on immunohistochemistry. The patient was managed conservatively with observation and symptomatic management. Patient underwent spontaneous remission in a few months. The absence of any specific clinical features caused diagnostic difficulty, delaying the diagnosis. This report highlights the importance of considering RDD in the differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy, particularly in tuberculosis-endemic regions.
Digital retinopathy photography: the way forward for standardizing retinal screening in patients living with diabetes: an overview of the key challenges to care delivery in Qatar
Authors: Amin Sheetal Rajnikant , Shah Benazir
Published: October 2023

The incidence of diabetes is rising globally with Qatar being ranked as the 3rd highest country for the prevalence of diabetes in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the main cause of sight-threatening complications of diabetes. Significant advances in screening and treatment for DR have emerged in the last few decades with a strong impact on the accuracy and effectiveness of screening. DR being a preventable cause of blindness with early detection and interventions like laser photocoagulation and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatments makes it imperative to invest in early recognition and treatment for DR. Globally screening is done by direct/indirect ophthalmoscopy or retinal photography with huge variations in early diagnosis. Studies have revealed the superiority of three-field retinal photography when compared to direct ophthalmoscopy, for DR screening, even if performed by an experienced ophthalmologist. The two most sensitive means of detection at present are digital retinal imaging and slit lamp examination post mydriasis. Both modalities require assessment by trained personnel. Digital retinal photography is extremely quick, allows the creation of permanent records and with the advent of semiautomatic nonmydriatic cameras, requires less skill as compared to the use of a slit lamp. Hence, should digital retinal photography be a preferred standardised method for retinal screening in Qatar?
Dexamethasone dose and length of hospital stay among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study in Malaysia
Authors: Othman Nurul Syafiqah , Mohd Taufek Nor Hidayah , Jamaluddin Wirdatul Ainna , Zin Che Suraya
Published: October 2023

Background: Dexamethasone is a potent corticosteroid that has been widely used as COVID-19 treatment. However, optimal dose of dexamethasone in COVID-19 treatment and how its different doses affect the patient outcomes is uncertain. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the use of dexamethasone dose and length of hospital stay in COVID-19 patients admitted to two public hospitals in the east coast region of Malaysia between February 2020 and August 2021.
Methods: This study included all hospitalized patients who were receiving dexamethasone during the study period. Dexamethasone doses were categorized into high dose (≥15 mg/day), moderate dose (7-14 mg/day) and low dose (≤6 mg/day). A multivariable logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the potential risk factors associated with length of hospital stays.
Results: Of 119 patients enrolled, majority (40%) of patients received high dose dexamethasone, followed by 33% received moderate dose and 27% received low dose. Patients who received high doses were associated with extended hospital stays of 4-5 days and more frequently required mechanical ventilation. Multivariable logistic regression showed that elderly (OR=1.03; 95% CI=1.00-1.06, p=0.001) and severe stage of COVID-19 (stage 4-stage 5) upon hospital admission (OR=2.79; 95% CI=1.17-6.68, p=0.021) increased the risk of prolonged hospital stay.
Conclusions: COVID-19 patients treated with high and moderate doses of dexamethasone were associated with longer hospital stay and required mechanical ventilation compared to those on low doses. Future studies are needed to provide more evidence on benefits of low dexamethasone dose in COVID-19 patients.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in Garowe, Puntland, Somalia
Authors: Ahmed Hassan Ayaan , Abdi Mohamed Ismail
Published: October 2023

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is a cornerstone of infant health and development, reducing mortality and improving long-term outcomes. In Garowe, Puntland, Somalia, where sociocultural norms and limited resources intersect, understanding mothers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward exclusive breastfeeding is imperative.
Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated these aspects to inform tailored interventions that promote positive breastfeeding practices. Using a multistage cluster sampling technique, 366 mothers who have given birth within the past two years were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The research analyzed demographic characteristics, breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and practices. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.
Results: Preliminary results revealed positive attitudes towards breastfeeding, with mothers recognizing its significance for infant nutrition and emotional bonding. However, challenges persist, including concerns about disease transmission and societal perceptions. Sociocultural dynamics play a pivotal role, and family support is an important factor in mothers’ decisions. This study contributes to understanding exclusive breastfeeding practices in Garowe and provides insights for future interventions.
Conclusions: Recommendations include tailored education, involving family and community members, and addressing misconceptions. The study underscores the importance of context-specific strategies to promote exclusive breastfeeding, ultimately improving the region’s maternal and child health outcomes.
Evaluation of the impact of an intervention programme to revamp cold chain system and improve childhood immunization in Egbedore, Nigeria: a retrospective study
Authors: Ogunniyi Kayode A. B. , Oyebade Akin O. , Boladale Abiodun L.
Published: October 2023

Background: In 2016, the immunization coverage in Nigeria ranged from 3% in Sokoto State to 80% in Lagos State while the national coverage was 33.3%. This is lower than the world health organization’s recommendation of over 90%. Immunization coverages in Osun State and Egbedore, Osun State (the study area) were 60% and 83% in respectively. Immunizations for specific vaccine preventable diseases are given to reduce infant morbidity and mortality. An intervention programme to revamp cold chain system was conducted to increase the immunization coverage and reduce the proportion of unimmunized children in Egbedore. The intervention programme comprised of focus group discussion involving immunization teams and mothers of under-five children, cold-chain inventory, observation of normal routine immunization (RI) sessions and observation of immunization outreaches. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the intervention programme toward improving childhood immunization and increasing child survival in Egbedore
Methods: The study utilized a retrospective design, purposive sampling technique and secondary data.
Results: The result showed that before the intervention the proportion of unimmunized children for oral polio vaccine-3 (OPV3) was 0.27 which reduced to 0.17 (χ2=169.441, p<0.0001) after the intervention while for pentavalent vaccine-3, the proportion of children unimmunized was 0.28 before the intervention and reduced to 0.19 after the intervention, (χ2=171,059, p<0.0001)
Conclusions: The study concluded that regular cold chain equipment (CCE) inventory, repair and supply are germane to ensuring functionality while at least five immunization outreaches are required to be conducted per political ward to enhance optimal immunization coverage.
A quasi-experimental study of effects of community health workers’ incentivisation on uptake of maternal, newborn and child health services in Lamu County, Kenya
Authors: Kilonzo Henry , Ebole Gilbert , Oyore John P. , Olulo Millicent , Tole Victor , Mwangi Peris
Published: October 2023

Background: Community health workers (CHWs) are known as the ‘gate keepers’ of good health in the community. Being the first contact with the patients at the community level, they can help improve the maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) indicators if they are well motivated to conduct their day-to-day work. At the same time, MNCH indicators are negatively affected by hard-to-reach health facilities and cultural factors thus the CHWs can help improve the health status in this category.
Methods: The study utilized a quasi-experimental study design with an intervention and a control site in both Lamu West and Lamu East Sub Counties. Purposive sampling used to select study population and study site. Study period was (August 2018-March 2022). Mixed methods approach was used with both quantitative and qualitative methodologies of data collection to enable data triangulation. Questionnaires were used to collect data from CHWs, focused group discussions with caregivers and In-depth Interviews conducted with key informants from the Ministry of Health- Lamu County and the implementing partner-PharmAccess.
Results: The study established that 78% of the CHWs were selected by the community members. Most of the CHWs in the intervention site had attended other trainings after the initial capacity development program, had at least one supervision in the last month preceding evaluation, were satisfied with the community and county appreciation. The difference between control and intervention site had a statistical significance (p<0.05) for report writing during home visits, cross-referencing of reports before submission, attendance of refresher courses, loss of interest to work as a CHW and referral of patients to link facilities.
Conclusions: CHWs need motivation in delivering their services. This can be done in form of incentives (both monitory and non-monitory), refresher trainings and supportive supervision.
A survey study on adverse effects of synthetic cosmetics
Authors: M. G. Anitha , Hiremath Pooja , K. Divya , P. Abhiram
Published: October 2023

Background: Cosmetics are substances used to enhance the appearance or odour of the human body. The use of cosmetics in the present era has enormously increased and the chemicals present in them quite frequently cause adverse reactions like contact dermatitis, allergic reaction and so on. Therefore, a survey study was planned to evaluate awareness and knowledge about adverse effects of synthetic cosmetics among inmates of SDM Institute of Ayurveda and Hospital Bangalore.
Methods: Descriptive survey study with self-administered questionnaire method sent to 500 participants selected randomly emailed through self-generated Google form.
Results: Among 500 inmates of age between 18-50years, 427 (85.4%) responded as cosmetics are used for beautification, 454 (90.8%) inmates believe there will be long-term side effects by continuous use of synthetic cosmetics. 352 (70.4%) inmates are aware of harmful ingredients used in cosmetics.
Conclusions: Majority of inmates have knowledge about adverse effects of cosmetics and are giving preference to herbal cosmetics. Inmates are even aware of hazardous toxic contents of cosmetics. The adverse effects caused by the cosmetics can be correlated to the toxicity signs and symptoms caused by of gara visha/artificial poisons and dushi visha/cumulative toxicity explained in ayurveda. The study forms the basis for future studies where in management of adverse effects of cosmetics could be tried in line of Garavisha and Dushivisha chikitsa.
Knowledge attitude and practice of breast feeding among women who delivered during COVID-19 pandemic in Kollam District, Kerala
Authors: R. S. Ammu , Janakiram Chandra Sekar
Published: October 2023

Background: Breastfeeding takes part a very important role in regulating and deciding the growth and development of the infant. However, its prevalence has remained low worldwide.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study held in Taluk hospitals of Punalur and Karunagappally in Kollam district enrolled 100 mothers who had delivered from March 2020, attending the immunization center. purposive sampling was done and consent was obtained. The one-to-one interview was done with a pre-tested questionnaire to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice on breastfeeding among mothers who delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results: In the knowledge of respondents, 99% knew that colostrum is the first breast milk. 83% of respondents knew that colostrum is important for the baby to maintain immunity. The attitude of the mothers showed that 50% disagreed that formula feeding is more convenient than breastfeeding. 91% opined that breast milk is the ideal food. More than 90% said that breastfeeding is more convenient than formula.
Conclusions: The level of exclusive breastfeeding is low among Indian mothers and the practice of breastfeeding is not as much as what is expected out of the high percentage of knowledge thus there is a need for improvement.
Impact of stopping the use of iron fortified iodised salt on Hb levels
Authors: Prabhakar Kamini , Kumari Honey , Kalaivani K. , Ramachandran Prema
Published: October 2023

Background: Research studies have shown that use of iron fortified iodised salt (DFS) improved Hb in women, children and men. There are no publications on impact of stopping DFS on Hb levels.
Methods: A community-based randomised study to assess the impact of DFS use on Hb was being carried out in Delhi. Between April-September 2020 salt could not be supplied and families were requested to purchase iodised salt (IS) from the market and use it. Blood samples from persons from these families were collected to assess impact of not using DFS for 6 months on Hb.
Results: Comparison of mean Hb after 12 months use of the allocated salt and Hb after six-month use of IS by all three groups showed that: (1) there was a small reduction in Hb in all three groups after using IS for 6 months; fall was statistically significant in women in group 3; (2) women who had earlier used DFS had higher mean Hb and ferritin as compared to those who had used IS, both after 12 months of use of DFS and after 6 months of use of IS; (3) changes in ferritin varied and were not consistent.
Conclusions: DFS users continued to have a higher mean Hb as compared to IS users even after discontinuing use of DFS for 6 months. The impact of this higher Hb when they restart using DFS for further 12 months has to be investigated.
Effectiveness of narrative health message on attitude towards gaming disorder among adolescents at selected school of Patna
Authors: Sahu Priyanshi , Nair Rathish , Krishnaveni Murugesan R. , K. Sathiyakala , Monica Merlin
Published: October 2023

Background: Games are generally seen to be beneficial activities but recently it gave rise concern towards people who play digital/video games for prolong hours as it interferes with personal, professional and academics, which is defined as symptoms of internet gaming disorder, that has been recently added in ICD-11 and DSM-5 for further study. Knowledge regarding IGD will help to prevent further prevalence of IGD and manage its harmful physical and mental issue. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Internet gaming disorder among adolescent students at selected school of Patna, to evaluate the effectiveness of narrative health message on attitude towards gaming disorder among adolescents at selected school of Patna and to determine the association between demographical variables and pre-test attitude score.
Methods: A quantitative research approach and pre-experiment (one group pre-test post-test) research design was used. About 76 participants were selected for the study using convenient sampling technique from class 8, 9 and 10 from selected school of Patna. Data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: In pre-test 88.2% participants had positive attitude and 11.8% had negative attitude regarding internet gaming disorder. After implementation of narrative health message there were 92.1% participants had positive attitude and 7.9% had negative attitude The mean post-test attitude score of 76.91±11.717 was higher than the mean pre-test attitude score of 71.62±9.874. The calculated ‘t’ valve 4.421 was significant at p value 0.001.
Conclusions: The study concludes that narrative health message regarding internet gaming disorder was effective.
Epidemiology of female infertility in Sonepat district of Haryana: a community based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kataria Deepika , Rani Babita , Punia Anita , Jha S. K. , Narendran M. , Singh Jagmohan
Published: October 2023

Background: Infertility is a global reproductive health problem and the prevalence rate increased by 0.37% per year for females. There are many such risk factors which are avoidable. Thus the purpose of the study is to identify and quantify the burden of infertility and associated risk factors for infertility.
Methods: This observational community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 444 reproductive age group (18-49 years) women residing in district Sonepat, from August 2021 to May 2022. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the study subjects. The categorical data were analyzed statistically using Chi-Square test and Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Continuous variables were analyzed using independent t-test.
Results: Out of 444 study population majority of women were fertile (88.7%), while 6.3% of women were secondary infertile and 5% women were primary infertile. Most women were aged between 30-39 years. The difference of occurrence of infertility in relation to time since marriage, male age at marriage, number of family members, thyroid, PCOD, tuberculosis and height were statistically significant.
Conclusions: Almost all the factors came out to be responsible for infertility were modifiable. Awareness generation and provision of infertility care services at primary health care facilities will be of use in addressing infertility in Haryana.
Water source and its handling, knowledge and preventive practices of water borne diseases among different communities in Manipur
Authors: Thounaojam Usha D. , Rajkumari Bishwalata , R. Chanu Laishram
Published: October 2023

Background: Most of the ill health affecting humanity especially in developing countries can be traced to lack of safe and wholesome water supply. This study was conducted to assess the various sources of water, to estimate the knowledge and preventive practices of water borne diseases and to determine association of preventive practices with some socio-demographic variables.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among residents aged ≥18 years of Kshetrigao, New Checkon and Mantripukhri of Imphal East District. A pretested, semi structured interview schedule was used. Descriptive and analytical statistics like Chi square test were generated taking a p<0.05 as level of significance. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee.
Results: Out of 446 participants, majority buy water for drinking (343, 76.9%) and domestic (244, 54.7%) purposes. Most of the participants (377, 84.5%) knew that water quality can affect health. Almost all participants (439, 98.4%) used soap and water for handwashing. Residents of Mantripukhri perform significantly higher safe preventive practices.
Conclusions: Buying was main source of water for both drinking and domestic purposes across all the communities. Increased public health activity like awareness campaigns regarding water borne diseases and its prevention needs to be organised.
An insight into attitude about usage of ICT by teachers in school for hearing impaired
Authors: Prabhu Vaishali , Srividya A. , T. Suresh , Babu Praveena
Published: October 2023

Background: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education is the mode of education that depends on digital medium of information transfer for delivery of course content and related learning experiences. Its focus is on utilization of different technologies in order to support, enhance, and optimise the delivery of information. ICT can be used in many ways to help both the students and the teachers gain knowledge on a particular topic/subject. The present study was inclined to look into the attitude of teacher for the hearing impaired towards usage of ICT in classrooms.
Methods: Questionnaire which consists of attitude of teachers towards ICT. The questionnaire used for this study was adopted and modified from the original questionnaire designed by Gulbahar and Guven (2008), Ghavifekr and Athirah (2015) that is considered suitable for this research. Descriptive statistics was carried out for analyzing the data in SPSS version 20.0.
Results: For all the questions framed to elicit positive opinions, the median values were either 4 i.e. agree is the common response of all the judges. For questions framed to elicit the common response is either disagree or strongly disagree. The responses of the judges suggest that they consider ICT to be helpful for teaching-learning of hearing impaired children.
Conclusions: The study was able to demonstrate that ICT tools have gained popularity among the teachers of hearing impaired included in the study.
COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections among health care workers of a tertiary care center in North Kerala: a descriptive study
Authors: Saraswathy Anitha Subhadra , Veetil Bindu Meethale , Jose Rani
Published: October 2023

Background: Vaccination against COVID-19 was started in India in January 2021 using ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and health care workers were the first category to get vaccinated. The objective of the present study was to compare the characteristics of health care workers who had COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infection with those who did not have breakthrough infection.
Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted among 110 health care workers in a tertiary care center in North Kerala during 1, June 2021 to 31, July 2021. An equal number of health care workers who developed breakthrough COVID infection (55) and those who did not develop breakthrough infection (55) were included in the study.
Results: The mean age of individuals who had breakthrough infection was 33.18 years (±9.52) and those of individuals who did not develop disease was 31.2years (±9.57). It was also observed that 21.8% of those with breakthrough infection and 10.9% of individuals without breakthrough infection had comorbidities. The study also found that individuals who took second dose of vaccine at an interval of 28-35 days from the first dose had higher chance of developing breakthrough infection compared to those who took second dose more than 35 days after first dose.
Conclusions: The present study found that breakthrough infection was more common among those who took second dose of vaccine at an interval less than 35 days from the first dose. It was observed that numbers of individuals with comorbidities were higher among breakthrough infection group, but further studies are needed for better understanding.
A cross sectional study to assess the general health status of immune compromised people at selected art center, Gadag district
Authors: Savatagi Shivanand , John Stephen , Natekar Dileep S. , Kumachagi Suma S.
Published: October 2023

Background: In the realm of health and wellbeing, the cursed part is illness. Times elapsed, the health problems and challenges evolved constantly. In 1980s the first case of HIV was reported and according to world health organization 36.9 million people worldwide are living with HIV/AIDS. Life of people living with HIV/AIDS is challenging as opportunistic infections and their life style keeps their health status dynamic. The present study was done to assess and identify the level of general health status of immuno-compromised people at selected ART center, Gadag, Karnataka.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on assessment of general health status of PLHIV using standard general health questionnaire-28 at ART center, GIMS, Gadag from May 2022 to December 2022. Total 300 samples were chosen using purposive sampling method based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was done using version SPSS 20.0.
Results: The majority 90% (270) respondents were in state of distress or caseness and10% (30) of respondents were in state of wellbeing or no caseness.
Conclusions: our study concluded thatoverall general health status of PLHIV swung towards state of distress, the main reason for this being inaccessibility of health care services & disruption in availability and accessibility of ART services
Perception and practices of solid waste management among adults in households and commercial establishments of villages under a sub centre, Bangalore urban district: a mixed methods study
Authors: Kona Chandralekha , Agrawal Twinkle , Fathima Farah Naaz , Mathias Sitarah , Gowda Hemanth , Makri Helena , Devraj Srilakshmi
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Solid waste management in rural areas is laced with many challenges which involve multiple stakeholders. Objective was to explore the perspectives and practices of adults regarding solid waste management in households and commercial establishments of villages under a sub-centre, Bangalore Urban district.
Methods: A mixed method study (Quantitative and Qualitative) was conducted at a sub-centre area which caters to 10 villages of Bangalore urban district, Karnataka over a period of two months (January 2019 to February 2019). Quantitative data was collected from 200 adult participants while for the qualitative part a total of 2 FGDs and 10 IDIs were conducted.
Results: Mean age of the participants was 40.2±14.7 years and majority (83%) of them were female. Mean perception score of the participants was 6.7±2.4 out of a total of 14. The most commonly reported disposal methods were burning (51.5%) followed by dumping in open spaces (48%). Majority (96.5%) were willing to keep the streets clean, 53% were willing to segregate waste or compost (49%). Although the participants were aware of harmful effects of improper management of solid waste on environment and health, good practices were inadequate. Scarcity of appropriate dumping sites, lack of transportation facilities of waste to the dumping site and non-co-operation among the residents emerged as the barriers in solid waste management.
Conclusions: Lack of land availability and social consciousness among the villagers played a major role in solid waste management. Addressing this issue demands a intersectoral co-ordination with interventions directed at empowering the villagers and local bodies and enhancing their involvement in proper waste management.
Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and analysis of working posture using rapid entire body assessment tool amongst the sewing machine operators in a garment industry: a cross sectional study
Authors: Kiritkumar Bosmia Kavita , Pothiraj Pitchai
Published: October 2023

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are emerging problems and it occurs when there is a mismatch between the physical requirements of the job and the physical capacity of the human body. Study aimed to find out the prevalence of WMSDs, the influence of varied working posture and level of physical activity (PA) for the development of WMSDs amongst the sewing machine operators.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study and conducted in a garment industry at Vapi, Gujrat. By purposive sampling technique, 100 sewing machine operators having minimum one year of experience, in the age group of 18-60 years were recruited with their consent. Örebro Musculoskeletal pain questionnaire (ÖMPQ), Rapid Entire Body Assessment tool (REBA), Quick Exposure Check tool (QEC) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was administered to all the participants. Data was analyzed using SPSS 24 software. Descriptive statistics applied for categorical variables, Spearman Rank correlation coefficient (r) was calculated for the relationship between PA and WMSDs.
Results: This study revealed the prevalence of WMSDs as 70% and low back pain was the commonest complaint. REBA demonstrated that 55% of participants were at high musculoskeletal risk and 44% were at very high risk. QEC identified that neck region had very high exposure risk for the development of WMSDs. The level of PA shows no association with WMSDs (r = 0.040, p=0.62).
Conclusions: Sewing machine operators of this study adopted a poor working posture which corresponds to the development of high musculoskeletal risk and an increased prevalence of WMSDs.
Stress control and bicuspidization
Authors: Devi W. Priya , Chirom Babina , Mushahary Tharaina
Published: October 2023

Mandibular molars being the first teeth to erupt in the oral cavity have high caries susceptibility index, deprivation in its maintenance may lead to serious problem like furcation involvement. Recent advances in dentistry and the desire of patients to maintain their dentition, have lead to treatment of teeth that once would have been removed. Bicuspidization is a procedure in which separation of distal and mesial roots of mandibular molar with their coronal portion are done. This separation helps to eliminate the existing furcation and ensure effective oral hygiene maintenance. The mandibular molar teeth with severe bone loss at interradicular area may be retained of their roots. In this case report, a basic procedure of bicuspidization of right first mandibular molar followed by prosthetic treatment has been presented.
Sleep quality and diabetes associated factors, effect and interventions
Authors: Alghamdi Razan Adel , Alkanderi Roaa Ali , Jaafari Mohammed Ahmed , Shehri Abdulrahman Mohammed Al , Alqahtani Haya Ali , Aldawsari Nasser Ibrahim , Aloqayli Renad Ibrahim , Baothman Mohammad Salah , Aldandan Ahmed Ali , Alfauri Amani Talal , Alzain Qasem Abdulmohsen
Published: October 2023

Getting sleep is incredibly important for maintaining health and well-being, especially for individuals who have diabetes. Poor sleep quality can have an effect on how our bodies process glucose and utilize insulin potentially resulting in diabetes related issues and complications. Additionally, we explore interventions that have the potential to improve both sleep quality and overall diabetes outcomes. Through this review it is indicated that inadequate sleep quality can influence glucose control, increase the risk of complications associated with diabetes and reduce quality of life. Furthermore, we've identified interventions that show promise in improving both sleep quality and overall outcomes for individuals with diabetes. These interventions include implementing lifestyle changes, making modifications utilizing behavioral therapies and incorporating device-based strategies. We suggest that future studies use experimental designs and objective measures of sleep quality and glucose metabolism and include diverse samples of different types of diabetes.
Exploring the role of nursing in addressing social determinants of health
Authors: Rani Bhavna , Srivastava Saumya P. , Thakur Shefali
Published: October 2023

Social determinants of health (SDOH) significantly shape an individual's well-being and health outcomes. These factors include education, income, housing, food security, and social support. There is growing recognition of the impact of SDOH on health inequities, particularly among marginalized populations. Nursing has a role in addressing these social determinants and promoting health equity. By working with community organizations and resources, nurse informaticists, nurse leaders and educators can support patients in accessing appropriate services and resources. Addressing SDOH is crucial for achieving health equity and improving overall population health. Nurses, with their holistic approach to patient care and the unique opportunity to build relationships with patients, play a critical role in addressing SDOH. By prioritizing SDOH in their practice and collaborating with interdisciplinary team members, nurses can reduce health inequities and promote optimal health outcomes for all individuals. It is essential for nurses, nurse informaticists, nurse leaders and nurse educators to actively engage in initiatives that integrate SDOH into healthcare systems and advocate for policies that address the social factors affecting health.
Obesity: the silent pandemic
Authors: Kaur Ekjot , Kaur Prabhjeet
Published: October 2023

The overall prevalence of obesity worldwide has approximately tripled between 1975 and 2016. In 2016, 13% of the world’s population aged 18 and above (11% men, 15% women), were found to be obese.