bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cnidoscolus aconitifolius-supplemented diet enhanced neurocognition, endogenous antioxidants and cholinergic system and maintains hippocampal neuronal integrity in male Wistar rats
Authors: Adebayo Olusegun G. , Onasanwo Samuel A. , Ajayi Abayomi M. , Aduema Wadioni , Oyebanjo Oyetola T. , Nicodemus Omeje U.
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Cnidoscolus aconitifolius have been investigated to have abundant phytochemicals. However, study on the effect of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on neurobehavioral performance when supplemented with diet is lacking. The study is aimed at investigating the memory-enhancing effect of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius-supplemented diet (CAD) using Morris water maze and Novel object recognition test.

Methods

Ninety male Wistar rats (80–100 g) were fed with CAD (1, 2.5, 5 and 10%) continuously for a period of 4, 8 and 12 weeks respectively. Six animals per group were used for assessment of memory performance (Morris water maze [MWM] and Novel object recognition test [NORT]); afterwards the brain tissues were harvested for malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) estimation. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) concentration was also determined. Hippocampal architectural change in the neuron was examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and cresyl fast violet (Nissl) stain.

Results

Higher percentage of CAD significantly (p<0.05) improve memory performance with time-dependent effects in rats fed with CAD on MMW and NORT. MDA significantly (p<0.05) reduce in 1 and 2.5% CAD groups at 4th weeks and in 2.5 and 5% CAD groups at 8th weeks while GSH concentration significantly (p<0.05) increase at 12th weeks in 2.5 and 10% CAD groups. However, CAT concentration significantly (p<0.05) increase in 2.5, and 5%, CAD groups, 1, 5, and 10% CAD groups and in 5, and 10% CAD groups at 4th, 8th and 12th weeks. AChE significantly (p<0.05) reduce at 4th and 12th weeks. Histological assessment reveals no neuronal and pyramidal degeneration (chromatolysis) at the hippocampal Cornu Ammonis 3 (CA3) region.

Conclusions

The results suggest that CAD boost memory performance in rats through positive modulation of oxidative stress, cholinergic system and degeneration of hippocampal neurons.
The probiotic supplementation role in improving the immune system among people with ulcerative colitis: a narrative review
Authors: Agraib Lana M. , Yamani Mohammed I. , Rayyan Yaser Mohammed , Abu-Sneineh Awni Taleb , Tamimi Tarek A. , Tayyem Reema Fayez
Published: April 2022

Objectives

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the current evidence on probiotics’ uses as an adjuvant for ulcerative colitis (UC) and provide an understanding of the effect of probiotics supplement on the immune system and inflammatory responses among UC patients and subsequent therapeutic benefits.

Content

A narrative review of all the relevant published papers known to the author was conducted.

UC is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that results in inflammation and ulceration of the colon and rectum. The primary symptoms of active disease are diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding. About 70% of the human immune system (mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue) originates in the intestine. Probiotics are live microorganisms that help in stabilizing the gut microbiota (nonimmunologic gut defense), restores normal flora, and enhance the humoral immune system. Probiotics especially Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces boulardii, and lactic acid-producing bacteria have been used as an adjunct therapy for treating UC to ameliorate disease-related symptoms and reduce relapse rate. Probiotics, in general, modulate the immune system through their ability to enhance the mucosal barrier function, or through their interaction with the local immune system to enhance regulatory T cell responses, decrease the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta and increase anti-inflammatory factor interleukin 10.

Outlook

More studies are needed to explore the properties of the various probiotic bacterial strains, their different uses, as well as the dosage of probiotics and duration for treating different disorders. Further clinical investigations on mechanisms of action and how probiotics modulate the immune system may lead to further advances in managing IBD.
Phase constituents near the center of the Co–Cr–Fe–Ni–Ti system at 1000 °C
Authors: Zhu Xiangying , Wu Changjun , Tu Hao , Wang Jianhua , Lu Jian , Su Xuping
Published: April 2022

The phase constituents of Co–Cr–Fe–Ni–Ti alloys at 1000 °C, with Cr and Fe each fixed at 20 at.%, were investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. A series of alloys were prepared via the arc-melting method and annealed at 1000 °C for 30 d. None of the alloys were in the single-phase region. The σ- and χ-(Cr13Fe35Ni3Ti7) phases were confirmed to exist in the center of the system. The alloys with more than 15 at.% Ti were composed of two or more intermetallic phases, and no fcc solid solution was present. Eight phase regions were found near the center of the Co–Cr–Fe–Ni–Ti system, i.e., fcc + D024, fcc + D024 + σ, σ + D024 + C14, fcc + D024 + σ + χ(Cr13Fe35Ni3Ti7), D024 + σ + χ + C14, bcc + D024 + C14, D024 + C14 + bcc + B2 and fcc + C15 + fcc#2. All detected phases contained 5 elements and had their own unique compositions. Moreover, comparing the experimental results with thermodynamic calculations based on the PANHEA database showed that the present database cannot satisfactorily predict the phase constituents in the center of the Co–Cr–Fe–Ni–Ti system. The result presented will be helpful in phase composition analysis and in composition design of related systems.
Suicide: A Study of the Tafsīr
Authors: Silkaitis Emily
Published: April 2022

This article examines the tafsīr on the Qurʾānic verses pertaining to suicide, qatl al-nafs. The majority of exegetical discussions on suicide center on Moses and originate from his command to the Banū Isrāʾīl in Q 2:54, uqtulū anfusakum, which can be interpreted as “kill yourselves” or “kill one another.” On the basis of etymology and historical context, commentators associate this passage with Q 4:29 and 4:66. Another such passage, Q 2:84, which outlaws bloodshed, is also associated with the Banū Isrāʾīl, in a different context. Adding Q 18:6 and Q 2:195 to the list of verses under consideration, this article traces interpretations of self-destruction from early works of tafsīr down to the late fourteenth century. Though the Qurʾānic attitude toward suicide is notoriously ambiguous, by examining the various grammatical constructions and interpretations given to these verses, one is able to establish trends and motivations in exegesis. The discussions of suicide, and condemnations where appropriate, focus on the motivation and intention of the individual rather than the act itself. Obedience to God, the nature of his commands, and the well-being of the community of believers also emerge as some of the key ethical issues in the commentaries.
Aljamiado-Literatur als Kontaktphänomen. Die Coplas del Alhichante de Puey Monzón im literaturhistorischen Kontext
Authors: Fischer Jens G.
Published: April 2022

In much of the existing research concerning Aljamiado literature, we can observe attempts to assign individual texts or even the whole corpus unequivocally to a Spanish or Arabic/Islamic tradition. However, these attempts fail to adequately address the specificities of these texts and sometimes actively obscure important connections. This can be shown through an analysis of the Coplas del Alhichante de Puey Monzón, a pilgrimage narrative in verse from the sixteenth century that has so far mostly been seen as a continuation of the Arabic riḥla. This paper provides an overview of the history, past research and editions, and poetical form of the text, as well as a proposed date for its production, followed by a detailed analysis concerning its possible function which serves as a basis for comparing it to pilgrimage narratives from the Arabic/Islamic tradition and its Spanish/Christian counterparts. Contrary to what is usually assumed, the Coplas have more in common with the latter than with Arabic riḥla texts. They can therefore be interpreted as a product of a cultural “contact zone” as defined by Mary Louise Pratt. Rather than merely trying to preserve their Islamic heritage and passively receiving Christian influence, Mudéjares and Moriscos actively participated in contemporary developments in Spanish literature and used them for their own ends.
Eine interdisziplinäre Forschungsfeldklassifikation für die Wissenschaft
Authors: Trkulja Violeta , Stiller Juliane , Biesenbender Sophie , Petras Vivien
Published: April 2022

In einem 2020 durchgeführten Kooperationsprojekt zwischen der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin und dem Deutschen Zentrum für Hochschul- und Wissenschaftsforschung (DZWH) ist eine Forschungsfeldklassifikation entstanden, die problembezogene und interdisziplinäre Forschung in Deutschland abbildet. Ziel dieser Klassifikation ist es, Forschungsberichterstattung basierend auf disziplinorientierten Fächersystematiken innerhalb des Kerndatensatz Forschung sinnvoll zu ergänzen und somit der einem ständigen Wandel unterliegenden Forschung Rechnung zu tragen. Die Klassifikation ist in einem intellektuellen Prozess mittels Card-Sorting entstanden und hat vorhandene Forschungsklassifikationen, Forschungsfeldlisten und aktuelle Forschungsprojekte als Grundlage herangezogen. Die umfassende Einbeziehung von Stakeholdern bei der Entwicklung der Klassifikation soll deren Akzeptanz steigern und einen vielfältigen Einsatz ermöglichen.
The epithet Τιαμου of the Moon-god in Lydia
Authors: Pisaniello Valerio
Published: April 2022

This article discusses the origin of the epithet Τιαμου, which modifies the name of the Moon-god in a number of Greek inscriptions from Lydia dated to the 2nd-3rd century AD. All the etymological explanations provided so far will be taken into account, especially the Anatolian one, which, based on the existence of a Moon-god (κατα)χθόνιος, tries to establish a connection between Τιαμου and an Anatolian outcome of the PIE root for ‘earth’ (cf. Hitt. tēkan, Luw. tiyamm(i)-). After having discussed the arguments in favour and against both a Lydian and a Luwian origin, it will be argued that the latter seems to be most likely, although the possibility of a Lydian mediation remains.
Bilayer growth kinetics and tribological characterization of boronized AISI M2 steel
Authors: Ortiz Domínguez Martín , Keddam Mourad , Gómez Vargas Oscar Armando , Ares de Parga Gonzalo , Zuno Silva Jorge
Published: April 2022

The AISI M2 steel has been treated by solid boriding between 1123 and 1273 K for an exposure time of 2–8 h. In these circumstances, a bilayer constituted by FeB and Fe2B has been formed with interfaces nearly flat. The tribological behavior and decohesion resistance of boride coatings were studied by using the following characterizations: (Rockwell-C cohesion, pin-on-disc and wear scratch tests). The modeling of process kinetics was undertaken based on two different approaches (the mass balance equations and the integral method). The assessed values of boron activation energies in FeB and Fe2B arising from the two models were nearly similar. In addition, the predicted layers’ thicknesses at 1243 and 1273 K during 10 h were concordant with the experimental values.
Effects of domestication and temperature on the growth and survival of the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) postlarvae
Authors: Tay Jolene , Suhanizen Adriana , Aziz Malik , Yassin Noorlela , Arai Takaomi
Published: April 2022

To understand the growth and survival during the postlarval stage ofMacrobrachium rosenbergii, commonly known as the giant freshwater prawn, two experiments were performed which explored the differences in growth and survival rates between wild and captive postlarvae and the effect of temperature on survival and growth. The postlarvae reared at 27 and 30°C grew significantly throughout the experimental periods. The survival rates in the wild and captive postlarvae were similar at approximately 60%. The highest survival rate of 58% was found at 27°C.
Chipped Stone Assemblage of the Layer B of the Kamyana Mohyla 1 Site (South-Eastern Ukraine) and the Issue of Kukrek in the North Meotic Steppe Region
Authors: Kiosak Dmytro , Kotova Nadezhda , Radchenko Simon , de Capitani Annick , Gobet Erika , Makhortykh Sergei , Nielsen Ebbe , Szidat Sönke , Tinner Willy , Tuboltsev Oleh , Dzhos Viktor
Published: April 2022

The layer B is one of the lower layers of the long stratigraphic sequence of the Kamyana Mohyla 1 site. The layer B received eight new AMS radiocarbon dates that clarified its chronology: 7950–7300 calibrated years BC. They are in a reasonable correspondence with the dates for lower and upper layers. The lithic assemblage belongs to Kukrek cultural aspect. It is characterized by pencil-like conical cores, Kukrek inserts, Kukrek burins and Dęby burins, nongeometric microliths (oblique points). The assemblage finds close parallels in the sites of Kukrek, Ihren VIII, Melnychna Krucha SU4 and Domchi-Kaia. They can be united into Kukrek sensu stricto cultural unit. The overlying layer C yielded somewhat different complex that finds parallels in the materials of the so-called “Kukrek cultural tradition.” Due to clear stratigraphic position of these units in the Kamyana Mohyla 1 sequence, we are able to differentiate Kukrek sensu stricto and “Kukrek cultural tradition” and suggest their respective chronological positions.
Advanced oxidation processes for the removal of phthalate esters (PAEs) in aqueous matrices: a review
Authors: Pirsaheb Meghdad , Nouri Monireh , Hossini Hooshyar
Published: April 2022

Over the past few decades, phthalate esters (PAEs) used as additives to improve the persistence and flexibility of polymeric materials. They are also used in cosmetics, insect repellents, and propellants, and their continuous input into drinking waters has constituted a serious risk to human health and the environment. DBPs are compounds classified as hazardous substances and have teratogenic properties. Due to the high bioaccumulation of DBP, they have toxic properties in different organisms, making it very important to remove PAEs before discharging them into environments. In this study a systematic review was designed to evaluate Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) studies which have successfully treated contaminated water with PAEs. Among AOPs, particularly photocatalytic, UV/H2O2 photolysis, sonolysis, and ozone-based processes were more tried to degrade PAEs in aqueous solutions. Additionally, a more detail of each AOPs was explained. Findings showed that all advanced oxidation processes, especially combined AOPs have good results in the degradation of PAEs in water.
Liebe ohne Sex, Sex ohne Liebe – der Apostel Paulus gibt zu denken
Authors: Gerber Christine
Published: April 2022

Der Aufsatz entfaltet, dass Paulus in seinen Briefen Liebe (ἀγάπη) und das, was wir unter dem modernen Konzept von „Sexualität“ erfassen, als zwei distinkte Lebensäußerungen versteht. Die Ausführungen über sexuelle Beziehungen und Praktiken, die beispielhaft an Prostitution (1 Kor 6), Ehe (1 Kor 7) und homosexuellen Praktiken (Röm 1) erörtert werden, drehen sich um die Frage der Legitimität; sie sind aufgrund der veränderten Voraussetzungen heute nicht mehr anschlussfähig. Für einen Diskurs über Sexualität und Geschlechter, der die anthropologischen Einsichten der Gegenwart aufnimmt, mag aber das paulinische Konzept von Liebe als Solidarität, die Unterschiede zwischen Menschen überwindet, und als Bereitschaft zum Perspektivwechsel von Relevanz sein.
Universitäre Theologie, schulischer Religionsunterricht und persönlicher Glauben: fachkulturelle Spannungsverhältnisse von Lehramtsstudierenden
Authors: Meister Nina , Sotzek Julia
Published: April 2022

Dem universitären Studium kommt als zentralem Ort der fachkulturellen Sozialisation und damit verbunden der Herausbildung eines fachlichen Habitus eine besondere Bedeutung für die berufsbiographische Entwicklung und Professionalisierung von Lehramtsstudierenden zu. Von dieser Annahme ausgehend lässt sich fragen, wie durch das Theologiestudium initiierte fachkulturelle (Irritations-)Erfahrungen bearbeitet werden. Am Beispiel einer Gruppendiskussion mit Lehramtsstudierenden der evangelischen Theologie werden mit der dokumentarischen Methode Spannungsverhältnisse rekonstruiert, die sich aus der Mehrdimensionalität des Erfahrungsraumes Religion/Theologie ergeben und eng mit der außeruniversitären Sozialisation zusammenhängen. Mit diesem Befund wird die Notwendigkeit einer reflexiven Bearbeitung von Spannungsverhältnissen im Rahmen der Lehrerbildung begründet.
Aktive hydrostatische Führungen mit elektrorheologischer Flüssigkeit
Authors: Hesselbach Jürgen , Gleichner Achim
Published: April 2022

In diesem Beitrag wird ein neuer Aktor vorgestellt, mit dem es erstmals möglich ist, einfach zu regelnde aktive hydrostatische Führungen und Lagerungen aufzubauen. Als Druckmedium wird elektrorheologische Flüssigkeit (ERF) eingesetzt. Das Stellglied des Regelkreises befindet sich mitten in der Wirkstelle der Führung und kann durch eine einfach zu erzeugende und zu steuernde Spannung beeinflußt werden. Ein Rückwirken auf das restliche System unterbleibt, da keine Drücke oder Volumenströme verändert werden, sondern das besondere Fließverhalten der verwendeten Druckflüssigkeit ausgenutzt wird.
Ligands for oral delivery of peptides across the blood-brain-barrier
Authors: Al Gailani Murad , Liu Mengyang , Wen Jingyuan
Published: April 2022

Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Many peptides and proteins are limited by their poor enzymatic stability and permeability across the intestinal epithelial membranes and/or blood-brain barrier (BBB). Parenteral administration of these peptides is unfavorable because of procedural complications and low patient compliance with treatments. Instead, oral delivery is the preferred route of administration because it allows for self-administration and has a high degree of patient acceptability and compliance. Oral delivery of these peptides poses a major challenge, because the peptide drug must overcome both the physical and biochemical barriers of the gastrointestinal tract and BBB. An oral drug delivery system is beneficial because it can protect peptide drugs against degradation and deliver them to the brain, where they exert their pharmacological actions. The use of active-targeting ligands and/or cell-penetrating peptides increases penetration and uptake across the BBB. This review focuses on the diverse combinations of drug delivery systems, active-targeting ligands, and cell-penetrating peptides used to deliver peptides to the brain.
The Syrian Refugees in Lebanon
Authors: Hanafi Sari
Published: April 2022

The Syrian crisis has caused one of the greatest episodes of forced displacement since World War II and some of the densest refugee-hosting situations in modern history. Lebanon has hosted more than 1 million Syrian refugees. This article is based on a large multisectoral survey of Syrian refugees’ households in Bekaa, conducted by the Union of Relief and Development Associations (URDA) in the period 2016–17 with a total of 1614 households and 6199 individuals. It assesses the socio-economic and living conditions of this representative sample (i.e., the location of refugees and housing conditions, the legal status of refugees, family expenditure, shelter, displacement, education, work, health, child health including child marriage). Among many vulnerabilities experienced by Syrian refugees, we identify three salient domains of precariousness, which are education, health, and early marriage. A particular analysis covers the differential analysis between camp dwellers versus urban ones, and the conviviality of the former compared with the latter.
Israeli Peace
Authors: Dakhli Abdelkarim Ben
Published: April 2022

Philosophers have dwelt on the concept of peace to study its differences and diversity within the framework of a much more extensive and comprehensive field. They have discovered other concepts stemming from the main concept such as the recognition of the other, identity, altruism, cooperation, and integration. But along with its multiple subconcepts peacemaking is a complicated problematic concept. The difficulty of defining the concept of “peace” is not the main challenge, but rather the ability of such concept to reimagine the world so that it is compromised in political thought and practice. It is a concept that shapes the world, connecting the core with the margins, and steers policies of major countries influencing regional and global affairs. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the global balance of power, interest in the concept of peace grew. Given how peace can influence the situation in the Arab region, and its relation to the Arab– Israeli conflict, it is vital to research the components and strategies of “the Israeli peace” and how it impacts the Arab region. This article focuses on “the Israeli peace,” highlighting its themes and approaches, and also unveils the Israeli drive and aspiration to structure a new Arab regional order based on hegemony and dependency. If the Arabs wish to achieve peace, they will have to reconsider the main premises of peace, its theoretical assumptions, and practical procedures, especially after consecutive US administrations have abandoned their role of honest broker in overseeing negotiations. The article poses several questions in relation to whether and how a peaceful settlement is equal to “the Israeli peace,” and how it could be relevant to and based on mutual interests. What makes any peace inclusive and what are the differences between different approaches? In this context, the article analyses the complications related to peace in the region, adhering to an approach in which it acknowledges the historical, political, and cultural overlap that is connected to the nature and comprehensiveness of the concept of peace.
Artificial Intelligence and Taxation: Assessment and Critical Issues of Tax-Levy Models
Authors: Parente Salvatore Antonello
Published: April 2022

The phenomenon of artificial intelligence and robotics, which has been under investigation for several years, has given rise to new taxation models, which have opened a lively ethical and legal debate in the scientific and cultural community which has not yet subsided. This essay, analyzing the tax effects of the relationship between intelligent machines and humans in the light of the perspectives offered by the new economy and after verifying compatibility with the founding principles of the Italian legal system (first of all, the rule of ‘ability to pay’ pursuant to Article 53 of the Constitution), assesses new taxable cases and tax-levy techniques related to the applications of artificial intelligence, also in the light of the possible tax subjectivity of the robot, in an attempt to make a contribution, from a de iure condendo perspective, to the taxation dynamics concerning automated production processes.
The Effect of Corporate Governance on Cash Holdings
Authors: Darma Nasya Saniyah , Lukviarman Niki , Setiany Erna
Published: April 2022

Purpose: This study aims to tests the effect of corporate governance on cash holdings empirically. This study proxies corporate governance into four proxies: family ownership, institutional ownership, size of the board of commissioners, and proportion of independent commissioners. In addition, this research uses five control variables, namely, bank relationship, company size, leverage, return on assets, and cash flows.Method: The samples were chosen based on the purposive sampling technique from consumer goods companies listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange during 2015-2019, with 77 firm years. In order to test hypotheses, this study performed multiple regression analysis.Finding: The results showed that board independence negatively affect cash holdings, while family ownership, institutional ownership, and board size have not.Novelty: This study extends the limited previous research on the relationship between corporate governance and cash holdings, especially in the consumer goods industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2015-2019.
On the way to expansive political liberalism: Martha Nussbaum’s capability approach as a reinterpretation of the ideas of young John Rawls
Authors: Khoma Vsevolod
Published: April 2022

The ideas of later Rawls (after 1993) and particularly his early period of work (before the 70s of the 20th century), often become the subject of serious attention. In the author’s view, this situation establishes stereotypical and one-sided interpretations. However, objective attention to Rawls’ ideas of the early period (the project of naturalist ethics based on the protestant basis, objective morality, which constitutes itself through the fact of perception of others as human beings, robust definition of human nature) and later («political conception», «background culture», «public reason») period of work let us substantively enrich the field of interpretation in contemporary political philosophy. The aim of this article is triple: to prove (1) that Martha Nussbaum’s critique of later John Rawls, proposed within capabilities approach, is not exhaustive; (2) that this critique will arise as more fruitful if it will use several early ideas of Rawls, which he later stopped using; (3) that such an overlap of arguments creates a new version of political liberalism, more consistent than later Rawls’ version and Nussbaum’s. The author proposes to name this version with the term «expansive (the one, which can expand) political liberalism» (hereafter EPL). The important components of EPL are the idea of Henry Richardson about the complementarity of «good» and «right», a thesis about the necessity of civic education, and also the interpretation of capabilities approach within «reasonable comprehensive doctrines». Based on these components, the author describes the mechanism of impact on the «background culture», from which the «public reason» emerges, which will define Rawls’ «political conception». Accordingly, the «political conception» can expand within EPL. Because of the complementarity of «good» and «right», it gains the ability to respond better to the political challenges, while maintaining the inviolability of fundamental political principles of society.
Two Distinct Illnesses Consistent With MIS-C in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Hancock W. Caleb , Green Amanda M. , Creel Caitlin , Moyen Sariha , Collins Kathleen P. , Pishko Stephen D. , Finkel Terri H. , Bagga Bindiya
Published: April 2022

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe inflammatory response described in children after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We present a case of a 9-year-old African American boy with 2 distinct illnesses that were both consistent with MIS-C. He first presented in the early stages of our understanding of MIS-C with predominantly neurologic and gastrointestinal symptoms and demonstrated elevated inflammatory markers consistent with MIS-C. He was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin with complete resolution of signs and symptoms. After 7 months of good health, he returned with a second, distinct illness characterized by fever, rash, gastrointestinal symptoms, and elevated inflammatory markers that met the criteria for MIS-C. In addition, we identified new dilatation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. He improved rapidly after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, aspirin, and steroids. Our report highlights the need to achieve a better understanding of this entity’s pathogenesis and clinical course and to improve anticipatory guidance for children with MIS-C.
Influence of nanosilver in hybrid carriers on morphological and biochemical blood pa-rameters of laying hens
Authors: Shevchenko L. V. , Dovbnia Y. Y. , Permyakova N. М. , Zheltonozhskaya Т. B. , Shulyak S. V. , Klymchuk D. O.
Published: April 2022

The search for an alternative to antibiotics in poultry has led to a study of the effectiveness of using nanosilver preparations in the production of table eggs. The experiment determined the effect of the drug nanosilver in carriers based on polymer/inorganic hybrids (AgNPs/SPH) on morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of laying hens. For this, 45 Hy-Line W36 hens were used at the age of 38 weeks, which were randomly divided into three groups. The AgNPs/SPH solution was administered 3 times a month with an interval of 10 days at concentrations of 0.0, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/L (0.0, 0.2 and 0.4 mg per hen per day). The introduction of AgNPs/SPH in doses of 0.2 and 0.4 mg per hen per day three times a month did not have a significant effect on the morphological parameters of the blood. A single dose of 0.2 mg AgNPs/SPH solution per hen per day increased the level of total protein, glucose, cholesterol, as well as the activity of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum and decreased albumin, creatinine and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity. Feeding laying hens a solution of nanosilver in a larger dose had a less pronounced effect on these indicators. Two-fold administration of AgNPs/SPH solution at a dose of 0.2 mg per laying hen per day increased only gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in the blood serum, but decreased the level of total activity of protein, albumin, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase. At the same time, the drug nanosilver in double dose per day caused an increase in albumin content and alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum of hens. Triple feeding of laying hens with a solution of nanosilver at a dose of 0.2 mg per hen per day did not affect most of the biochemical parameters of serum, but in the double dose increased the content of total protein against the background of lowered cholesterol and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity. With the increase in the frequency of feeding laying hens solutions of nanosilver in carriers based on polymer / inorganic hybrids, the level of severity of their impact on the metabolic profile of serum decreased. The results of research can be the basis for determining the optimal interval of application of nanosilver drugs in poultry, depending on the method of their synthesis and stabilization.
Hifomicetos acuáticos en los ríos Borburata y Patanemo (Puerto Cabello, Carabobo-Venezuela) como bioindicadores de calidad ambiental
Authors: Fernández-Da-Silva Rafael , Smits-Briedis Gunta
Published: April 2022

Los hifomicetos acuáticos son hongos imperfectos que se desarrollan particularmente en sistemas lóticos prístinos, degradando material alóctono o autóctono, facilitando así el ciclaje de nutrientes en el ecosistema acuático. Sin embargo, su presencia varía en función de las condiciones ambientales naturales y/o antropogénicas. Las investigaciones de estos microorganismos fúngicos son escasas en Venezuela, a pesar de ser ecológicamente importantes, como posibles bioindicadores de calidad ambiental. Durante un año, semanalmente se determinó la riqueza de especies y la concentración de conidios de los hifomicetos acuáticos, coliformes (totales y fecales), nutrientes (NO2-, NO3-, PO4-3 y SO4-2) y parámetros físico-químicos (temperatura, pH, conductividad eléctrica, O2), en la cabecera y la desembocadura de dos ríos (Borburata y Patanemo) de la vertiente norte hacia el mar Caribe, con similitudes morfométricas y en cobertura vegetal. Se identificaron 63 especies, 55 en el río Borburata (25 exclusivas) y 37 en el río Patanemo (ocho exclusivas), incluyendo 17 nuevos reportes para Venezuela: 14 en Borburata (Acarocybe formosa, Acrodictys bambusicola, Arachnospora insolita, Arachnospora longa, Blodgettia sp., Brachysporiella setosa, Clavariana aquatica, Clavatospora bulbosa, Curvularia lunata, Dendrosporium sp., Diplocladiella taurina, Septonema seccedens, Tumularia aquatica y Xenosporium berkeleyi) y tres en Patanemo (Cordana musae, Retiarius bovicornutus y Trinacrium gracile), siendo 12 dematiáceos y cinco ingoldianos, y por primera vez en Sudamérica a A. insolita y A. longa. Se encontró significativamente mayor la riqueza y la concentración de esporas en las cabeceras de los ríos (U de Mann-Whitney). Disminuyó significativamente (ACP) los hifomicetos acuáticos en la desembocadura por altos niveles de conductividad, sulfato y coliformes. A través del porcentaje de incremento o disminución de las esporas de las especies comunes en cabecera y desembocadura, se hallaron ocho especies sensibles (Triscelophorus monosporus, Camposporium antenatum, Campylospora filicladia, Helicomyces sp., Beltrania rhombica, Diplocladiella longibrachiata, Alatospora crassa y Anguillospora filiformis) y dos tolerantes (Brachysporiella setosa y Tetraploa aristata).
Physicochemical, rheological, and baking properties of composite Brotchen bread made from foxtail millet flour
Authors: Ahmadi Kabir J. , Azizi M.H. , Abbastabar Ahangar H. , Aarabi A.
Published: April 2022

Effect of adding foxtail millet flour (FMF) (10, 20, and 30% w/w) to refined wheat flour (RWF) on physicochemical and rheological properties of dough was studied. Qualitative properties of Brotchen bread including moisture, ash, crude fibre, specific volume, and colour of the breads were evaluated. Adding FMF to the flour increased crude fibre, fat, ash, and protein contents and reduced falling number, damaged starch and wet gluten contents, and sample lightness. Consistograph test indicated that addition of the FMF decreased water absorption capacity, maximum pressure, and tolerance, however, drops in pressure at 250 and 450 s became greater. Alveograph test revealed that with adding FMF, dough resistance to extension and dough strength decreased but an increase in dough extensibility was obtained at FMF30%. Increasing the amount of FMF resulted in a decrease in the volume of the bread, and the FMB (foxtail millet bread) 30% had the highest browning index and b*. The FMB20% had the highest resilience and springiness, while higher level of foxtail (30%) increased chewiness.
In the Depths of Perception •
Authors: Markója Csilla
Published: April 2022

This is a monographic study of the art of István Nagy, a painter of Transylvanian origin, whom his contemporaries also called the “Hungarian Van Gogh” due to his insociable nature and spectacular colours. István Nagy really had Van Gogh as kindred spirit, but his unique, nowhere classifiable and extremely prolific oeuvre consists mainly of a series of pastels, which not long ago for the first time managed to be collected in a monumental oeuvre catalog. The nearly 600-page album, edited by Tamás Kieselbach, provides an insight into the life of this strange, reticent, poor painter wandering in the mountains of Transylvania, who, like the composer Béla Bartók, created an independent formal language from his folk collection. In his fantastically coloured wild pastels and monochrome black charcoal drawings, he captures the ornamentation of the landscape and the closed world of ordinary peasants, which grew into a monumental one, in the footsteps of Millet and Seurat, but also utilizing the lessons of Hungarian modernism.
A longitudinal study of the effects of problematic smartphone use on social functioning among people with schizophrenia: Mediating roles for sleep quality and self-stigma
Authors: Chang Kun-Chia , Chang Yun-Husan , Yen Cheng-Fang , Chen Jung-Sheng , Chen Po-Jen , Lin Chung-Ying , Griffiths Mark D. , Potenza Marc N. , Pakpour Amir H.
Published: April 2022

Background and aims

Individuals with schizophrenia may often experience poor sleep, self-stigma, impaired social functions, and problematic smartphone use. However, the temporal relationships between these factors have not been investigated. The present study used a longitudinal design to examine potential mediating roles of poor sleep and self-stigma in associations between problematic smartphone use and impaired social functions among individuals with schizophrenia.

Methods

From April 2019 to August 2021, 193 individuals with schizophrenia (mean [SD] age = 41.34 [9.01] years; 88 [45.6%] males) were recruited and asked to complete three psychometric scales: the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale to assess problematic smartphone use; the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess sleep quality; and the Self-Stigma Scale-Short Scale to assess self-stigma. Social functioning was evaluated by a psychiatrist using the Personal and Social Performance Scale. All measures were assessed five times (one baseline and four follow-ups) at three-month intervals between assessments.

Results

General estimating equations found that problematic smartphone use (coefficient = −0.096, SE = 0.021; P < 0.001), sleep quality (coefficient = −0.134, SE = 0.038; P < 0.001), and self-stigma (coefficient = −0.612, SE = 0.192; P = 0.001) were significant statistical predictors for social functioning. Moreover, sleep quality and self-stigma mediated associations between problematic smartphone use and social functioning.

Conclusion

Problematic smartphone use appears to impact social functioning longitudinally among individuals with schizophrenia via poor sleep and self-stigma concerns. Interventions aimed at reducing problematic smartphone use, improving sleep, and addressing self-stigma may help improve social functioning among individuals with schizophrenia.
The prevalence of different types of psychological dominant and psycho-emotional state in women with placental dysfunction
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk national medical University, Yakymchuk N.V. , Makarchuk O.M. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk national medical University, Rimarchuk M.I. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk national medical University, Vakalyuk L.M. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk national medical University, Ostrovska O.M. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk national medical University
Published: April 2022

Placental dysfunction is a key problem in obstetrics, neonatology, pathology of the ante- and perinatal period, as the functional inability of placenta leads to an increase in the proportion of miscarriage, fetal development delay syndrome, or its antenatal death, and the period of pregnancy, especially in case of its pathological course, is an extremely strong psycho-emotional factor. The structure and prevalence of types of psychological component of gestational dominant with the consideration of psycho-emotional status in women with placental dysfunction were stated as well as their influence on reproductive loss and complication of pregnancy was estimated. Key words: the psychological component of gestational dominant, pregnancy consequences, a psycho-emotional factor, a psychological correction.
Ballantyne syndrome: a review of of literature and a clinical case report
Authors:   Kharkiv medical Academy of postgraduate education, Lakhno I.V.
Published: April 2022

The review of literature and a case report of mirror syndrome were performed. The main role of the placental lesions in the pathogenetic scenario was shown. The high level of the perinatal pathology is a reason for the continual search in the field. Key words: mirror syndrome, a system of «mother–placenta–fetus», perinatal pathology.
Status dan Perkembangan Perikanan Pukat Cincin di Banda Aceh
Authors: Hariati Tuti
Published: April 2022

Dalam periode tahun 1995-1998 terdapat dua cara atau metode penangkapan pukat cincin di perairan Banda Aceh. Cara pertama adalah mengejar gerombolan ikan pelagis besar pada siang hari dan cara kedua mengumpulkan kelompok ikan pelagis kecil menggunakan cahaya lampu pada malam hari. Tujuan penelitian pada tahun 2009 adalah untuk memperoleh informasi baru perkembangan perikanan pukat cincin, penambahan cara penangkapan, komposisi hasil tangkapan, indeks kelimpahan, dan puncak hasil tangkapan ikan pelagis yang dominan. Data yang dikumpulkan terdiri atas jumlah kapal, ukuran kapal, ukuran jaring, hasil tangkapan per jenis ikan dan per kapal; jumlah hari operasi tahun 2008 dan 2009, yang diperoleh dari Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Lampulo. Data dikelompokkan lalu ditabulasi dibuat grafik serta dianalisis. Hasil menunjukkan, bahwa perikanan pukat cincin mengalami perkembangan baik dalam jumlah dan bobot kapal maupun ukuran jaring. Dalam periode ini cara penangkapan bertambah dengan cara ketiga yaitu menangkap dua kelompok ikan pelagis yang berkumpul di bawah benda-benda terapung (kayu-kayuan dan sampah). Berdasarkan atas menurunnya hasil tangkapan dan catch per unit of effort pukat cincin menggunakan cara dua diduga sumber daya ikan pelagis kecil di perairan ini sudah menipis. Catch per unit of effort ikan pelagis besar yang tertangkap dengan cara satu dan cara tiga juga tidak meningkat, sehingga untuk ketiga cara tersebut diperlukan pengendalian upaya.In the period of 1995-1998, there were two kinds of fishing method in the purse seine fisheries of Banda Aceh. The 1st method is to pursue the large pelagic fishes shooling in the day time, and the 2nd method is to catch small pelagic fishes gathered by light at night. This research in year 2009 was aimed to obtain the new information on the recent development of the fishery, the additional fishing method as well as catch composition, index of abundance and the peak catch of the dominant pelagic fishes. Number of vessel, dimention of vessel and purse seine net, catch by species and by vessel; number of trip, duration of trip during years 2008 and 2009 were collected from Lampulo Fishing Port. These data were grouped to make some tables and graphics. Result shows, number and volume of vessel, and dimention of purse seine net had developed from those in the 1995 1997 period. Also, the fishing methods had increased, 3rd method was operated to catch the fishes gather under the floating object (blogs and garbage). Based on the decreasing catch per unit of effort resulted from the 2nd method, the small pelagic resourses had probably declined, the catch per unit of effort resulted from both the 1st and 2nd method, however, also did not increase. Therefor, the effort number of the three fishing method have to be managed.
PERIKANAN PANCING ULUR TUNADI KEDONGANAN, BALI
Authors: Sulistyaningsih Ririk Kartika , Barata Abram , Siregar Kiroan
Published: April 2022

Tuna merupakan salah satu jenis komoditas perikanan yang memiliki nilai komersial tinggi. Sumberdaya ikan ini akan terus ditangkap, karena permintaan pasar global terhadap komoditas ini terus meningkat. Pancing ulur merupakan salah satu alat tangkap berskala rakyat untuk menangkap tuna di sekitar rumpon sebagai alat bantu penangkapan. Penelitian yang dilakukan di Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan Kedonganan mulai bulan April sampai Nopember 2009, bertujuan untuk memperoleh data dan informasi tentang perikanan pancing ulur tuna, meliputi aspek penangkapan (deskripsi armada penangkapan, alat tangkap dan daerah penangkapan) dan aspek produksi (komposisi hasil tangkapan dan catch per unit of effort). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan,  ada tiga metode pengoperasian pancing ulur tuna, yaitu metode “tomba”, “batu” dan “layangan”. Para nelayan juga mengoperasikan dengan cara tonda untuk mendapatkan ikan hasil tangkapan sampingan (bycatch). Daerah penangkapan meliputi selatan Pulau Bali sampai Pulau Lombok. Total hasil tangkapan tuna (madidihang, tuna mata besar dan albakora) mencapai 53,7% (1.016.992 kg) dan ikan bycatch sebesar 46,3% (876.789 kg). Madidihang mendominasi hasil tangkapan utama (74,54%), sedangkan ikan bycatch didominasi oleh cakalang (58,4%) dan baby tuna (28,6%). Catch per unit of effort (CPUE) hasil tangkapan utama pancing ulur tuna cenderung meningkat pada bulan April sampai Juni dan menurun pada bulan Juli sampai Nopember, sedangkan nilai CPUE tertinggi ikan hasil tangkapan sampingan terjadi pada bulan Oktober. Tuna is one of fisheries commodity of a highly commercial value. This fish resource continuing to be exploited due to increasing global market demand. Hand line is one of the small scale fishing gear to catch tuna around fish agregating device. Research has been conducted from April until November at the fish landing Kedonganan. The study aimed to investigate tuna hand line fisheries covering aspects of the exploitation, the description of fleet, fishing gear, fishing ground, production, catch composition and catch composition per unit of effort. The results showed, that there are three methods of tuna fishing operation, by fishing rods i.e “tomba”, “stone” and “kites”. The fishers also operate tonda fishing method to get bycatch. The fishing ground include southern island of Bali until Lombok island. Total catches of tuna (yellowfin, bigeye and albacore) reached 53,7% (1.016.992 kg) and bycatch reached 46,3% (876.789 kg). Yellowfin catches dominate the total catches (74,54 %), while bycatch dominated by skipjack (58,4%) and baby tuna (28,6%). Catch per unit of effort (CPUE), of the main catches of tuna fishing tended to increase in April to June and decreased in July to November, while the highest CPUE of the bycatch occured in October.
LAJU EKSPLOITASI KEPITING BAKAU (Scylla serrata) DI PERAIRAN MANGROVE MAYANGAN, SUBANG – JAWA BARAT
Authors: Syam Amran Ronny , Suwarso Suwarso , Purnamaningtyas Sri Endah
Published: April 2022

Penelitian tentang dinamika populasi kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) telah dilaksanakan di perairan mangrove Mayangan, Kecamatan Legonwetan, Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat. Contoh kepiting diambilsecara acak dari hasil tangkapan bubu. Data sebaran frekuensi lebar karapas dikumpulkan selama sebelas bulan pengamatan. Analisis data parameter populasi dilakukan dengan bantuan software FISAT (FAO ICLARMStock Assessment Tools). Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat beberapa kelompok umur/ukuran kepiting bakau. Lebar karapas asimptotik populasi kepiting bakau mencapai 147 mm dengan koefisien pertumbuhan tahunan (K) 0,59. Laju eksploitasi kepiting bakau (E = 0,4) masih di bawah laju eksploitasi optimum. Hasil tangkapan kepiting bakau mencapai 23,8 ton per tahun. Hasil pengukuran di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa 70% berupa kepiting muda (nama lokal “keroyo”). Kondisi ini (growth over fishing) akan semakin mengkhawatirkan jika penangkapan berlangsung terus. Kondisi lingkungan perairan di sekitar mangrove dan perairan pantai cukup menunjang kehidupan biota termasuk larva kepiting bakau dan larva biota lain. Research on population dynamics of mud crab (Scylla serrata) was conducted in mangrove waters Mayangan, District Legonwetan, Subang regency, West Java. The current work was done based on carapace width frequency distribution data collected during eleven months of observation. The crab samples were taken randomly from the catch of trap net. Analysis was using software FISAT (FAOICLARM Stock Assessment Tools). Results show that there were several groups of age / size of mud crabs. Asymptotic length of mud crab population has reached 147 mm (carapace width) with an annual growth curvature (K) 0.59. Exploitation rate (E = 0.4) Of the mud crab population wos under the optimum level. Total undercrab production reached 23.8 tonnes per year, where most of the catch (88%) was of Scylla serrata. The results of field measurements was approximately 7 % of young crabs (local name “keroyo”). This condition of growth over fishing has occurred. It will be more worried if this condition continues. Environmental condition of the waters around mangroves and coastal waters seems be povurable to support the life animal including mud crab larvae and other animals larvae.