bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional response of Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) at different temperatures
Authors: Mumtaz Maryam , Rahman Vattakandy Jasin , Saba Tahseen , Huang Tingting , Zhang Yuxin , Jiang Chunxian , Li Qing
Published: November 2023

Environmental factors like temperature have a great impact on the predation potential of biological control agents. In the present study, the functional response of the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to the pest mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) at moderate to high temperatures under laboratory conditions was determined. The study aimed to understand the prey-predator interaction under different temperatures and prey densities. Five constant temperatures (24 °C, 27 °C, 30 °C, 33 °C, and 36 °C), and thirteen prey densities (4, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 16, 20, 24, 25, 30, 32, and 40) of each stage (adult, nymph, larvae, and egg stage) were employed in the experiment. Observations were made 24 h after the start of each experiment. Results revealed that the predatory mites showed type II functional response to adult females of T. urticae, whereas type I to other stages (nymphs, larvae, and eggs) of T. urticae. The predation capability of adult predatory mites on T. urticae was significant at 24–36 °C. The instantaneous attack rate (a) of N. californicus increased and the handling time (Th) decreased with an increase in temperature. The maximum attack rate was recorded at 36 °C (1.28) for the egg stage. The longest handling time was (0.78) for the larval stage of T. urticae at 30 °C. Daily consumption increased with increasing prey density. Maximum daily consumption was observed at 33 °C (30.00) at the prey density of 40. Searching efficiency decreased with the increase in prey density but was found to increase with the rise in temperature. N. californicus was found to be voracious on the larval and egg stages. Conclusively, the incorporation of N. californicus at earlier stages (larvae and eggs) of T. urticae would be beneficial under warm conditions because managing a pest at its initial stage will save the crop from major losses. The results presented in this study at various temperatures will be helpful in different areas with different temperature extremes. The results of the functional response can also be applied to mass rearing, quality testing, and integrated pest management programmes.
Influence of Self-efficacy on Strength and Physical Function among Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Baretto Melrose , Alagingi Nityal Kumar
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis affects the elderly, potentially leading to disability, with varying symptoms and fatigue. The hip and knee joints experience discomfort, stiffness, reduced mobility, and depression. Muscle weakness, linked to lower limb atrophy, heightens the risk of falls. Self-efficacy, which is confidence in performing tasks despite discomfort, impacts knee strength and function. Factors such as age, education, depression, and physical decline shape self-efficacy. However, the impact of self-efficacy on osteoarthritis health outcomes is unclear due to reduced activity levels. The present study aims to explore the influence of self-efficacy on knee osteoarthritis function and strength. Aim: To identify the influence of self-efficacy on physical function and muscle strength in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Physiotheraphy with 73 participants who met the inclusion criteria. The study took place between October 2022 and April 2023, spanning a period of six months, at KS Hegde Charitable Hospital in Mangaluru, Karnataka, India. Hip-knee muscle strength was measured using a push-pull dynamometer, physical function was assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and self-efficacy was evaluated using the Arthritis Self-efficacy Scale-8. All tests were performed once on the same day, with a five-minute rest between each test. Withingroup differences were identified using an Independent T-test, and between-group analysis was conducted using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: The mean age of the participants was 60.2±6.5 years, and the Basal Metabolic Index (BMI) was 25.2±2.0 kg/m2 . A statistically significant difference with a p-value of 0.001 was observed in hip abductor, knee flexor, knee extensor, and TUG tests between the high and low self-efficacy grades. The time taken for the TUG test also showed significance with a p-value of 0.001. Individuals with high levels of self-efficacy had better scores in physical function as well as muscle strength. No association was found between self-efficacy and KL grading. Conclusion: Participants with higher self-efficacy demonstrated good muscle strength in the hip muscles and good physical function. The study concluded that individuals with high selfefficacy grades had better muscle strength and mobility compared to those with low scores in both strength and mobility.
Methods in Improving Students Writing in Thungkhar Primary School in Thrimshing, Trashigang
Authors: Yeshey
Published: November 2023

This study intended to seek methods for improving students' writing in Thungkhar Primary School in Thrimshing, Trashigang. The study used a qualitative approach to collect data from a sample of Thungkhar Primary School in Thrimshing. Qualitative data were collected through interviews and observation from the teachers and students. The findings indicated that methods in improving students' writing benefited learners. The most significant teaching method to writing practiced or implemented was the process approach which is recommended by the national curriculum. One of the interesting findings of this research is that students in my schools preferred writing to speaking as they struggle with speaking. Similar to the other study highlights, the study found that both teaching and learning writing are complex. It is imperative that there is room for improvement with suitable interventions in teaching and learning writing through a series of professional development programs.
Factors Influencing Domestic Violence against Men in Iringa Municipality
Authors: Ngomuo Mwamini Bruno , Nzali Agnes , Msomba Given Msigwa
Published: November 2023

This study examined social factors influencing domestic violence against men. The study was qualitative where data were collected through interview. The targeted study population was 58,008 adult married men found in Iringa Municipality and from this population a sample of 30 from six different cases within Iringa were employed. Data analysis was carried out using thematic analysis. Findings revealed that among these social factors, educational level, religious, political practices and lack of awareness on GBV emerged as key contributors to domestic violence against men in Iringa Municipality. The study social factors influenced domestic violence against men in Iringa Municipality. The study recommends that the government should take proactive measures to address all social factors which results into domestic violence against men.  In addition, appropriate actions against those performing violence against men should be taken based on the study findings.
Buys-Ballot Estimates for Linear Model with the Expected Values in Time Series Decomposition
Authors: Dozie Kelechukwu C. N. , Ihekuna Stephen O.
Published: November 2023

The study discusses the Buys-Ballot estimates for linear trend-cycle and seasonal indices with the expected values for mixed model in time series analysis. The emphasis is to derive the expected values of row, column and overall means of the of Buys-Ballot table for the mixed model. We use a real life data to determine the estimation of trend parameters, seasonal indices and choice of appropriate model of the Buys-Ballot table. Results indicate that, (1) the expected value of the row average mimic the shape of the trending parameters of the original series and contains seasonal effect in \[C_1=\sum_{j=1}^S j s_j\] (2) the expected value of the column average also mimic the shape of the trending curves of the original series and contain seasonal effect (3) the appropriate model that best describe the pattern of the study series listed in the summary table (Table 5) is mixed.
Effect of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles on the Storability of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Seeds under Ambient Condition
Authors: Abhilash Akula , Dayal Abhinav , Thomas Neha , Sharan Abhishek , Vipul Vadlakonda
Published: November 2023

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are considered a bio safe material for organisms. Earlier studies have demonstrated the potential of ZnO-NPs for stimulation of seed germination and plant growth as disease suppression and plant protection by virtue of their antimicrobial activity. Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound it appears in white powder. (ZnO) have a potential application as a bacteriostatic agent and can be used to control the spread and infection of variety of pathogens. These results could indicate that a low zincs concentration in seeds has an important physiological role during seed germination and early seedling growth. Zinc is a constituent of an enzyme influencing the secretion of indole acetic acid (IAA), which is a phytohormone (auxin) which significantly regulates plant growth by increasing the level of IAA, zinc gives a positive response in seed germination The lab experiment was conducted on Onion seed storage using ZnO Nano-particles under ambient conditions for 3 months at Seed testing laboratory, Department of genetics and plant breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, (U.P.). The present investigation was carried out, in different concentrations of ZnO Nano particle (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140) ppm along with control (untreated) and stored in two types of packaging materials aluminium foil pouch(P1) and tin container (P2), and onion seed variety is Pusa round. The Lab experiment was conducted in factorial CRD with 4 Replications. The Observations recorded on the storage containers of the onion seedling on physiological and biochemical parameters. The results of lab experiment revealed that Aluminium foil pouch (P1) packaging material is better in germination percent, speed of germination, first count, root length, shoot length, seedling length, fresh weight, dry weight, vigour index, seed density, dehydrogenase activity, catalase activity and exhibited moisture percent and electrical conductivity as compared to tin container at end of 3 months storage. Seeds are treated with ZnO @50 ppm (T5) for 2 hours soaking in distilled water, exhibits the better results in seed quality parameters. As compared to control followed by ZnO @70ppm (T7) at the end of 3 months of storage. The study concluded that the seed germination and seedling length is increased in lower concentrations, however showed decreased in higher concentration.
MOVIMENTOS FEMINISTAS E TEORIA PSICANALÍTICA: RESSONÂNCIAS NA PRÁTICA DE PSICANALISTAS MULHERES
Authors: Fernandes Guedes Marina , Coelho de Souza Lago Mara , De Souza Mériti
Published: November 2023

Psicanálise(s) e feminismo(s) possuem, historicamente, pontos de tensão e de ligação. É no encontro com a cultura, a história, o corpo e a subjetividade que estes campos vêm demarcar seus contrapontos e tensionamentos implicados nos eixos da clínica e da política. Este artigo que, configura um recorte de pesquisa realizada no Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, propõe uma discussão acerca das narrativas teóricas e discursivas sobre o feminino na psicanálise e suas interlocuções com feminismos e gênero na contemporaneidade. Neste sentido, traz para o diálogo contribuições de autoras/es com produção atual sobre esses campos, recorrendo à escuta de entrevistas realizadas com psicanalistas mulheres. Refletir se os feminismos atravessam a clínica e a prática psicanalítica foi parte das questões costuradas neste trabalho, que destaca nós teóricos, discursos hegemônicos, singularidades.
QUANDO VITIMIZAÇÃO E CRIMINALIZAÇÃO DE MULHERES FORMAM UM MESMO NÓ DA VIOLÊNCIA DE GÊNERO
Authors: Rosa Brito Mariana Letícia , Tavares Pedi Mariana , Aparecida Mariano Silvana
Published: November 2023

O tema da violência contra mulher é predominantemente abordado a partir de casos de violência doméstica ou em relacionamentos íntimos. Paralelamente, as situações de mulheres autoras de crimes têm ganhado mais atenção na literatura especializada dos últimos anos. Contudo, esses tendem a ser dois campos separados de reflexão e de investigação. O presente artigo propõe uma interpretação que aproxima esses dois campos ao tomar a violência de gênero como conceito que abarca ambos e permite a compreensão simultânea das situações: mulheres vítimas de violência e mulheres privadas de liberdade. Nossa hipótese é que a atenção voltada às políticas criminalizadoras reduz o problema da violência ao âmbito privado, o que acaba por ocultar os mecanismos sistêmicos de reprodução da violência e encobrir o caráter patriarcal do Estado brasileiro. O estudo é baseado em revisão bibliográfica, articulando diálogos entre teorias críticas e feministas no âmbito da criminologia.
VIOLÊNCIA E GÊNERO EM TEXTOS JORNALÍSTICOS
Authors: Alencar Maria Cristina Macedo , Sonoda Katerine da Cruz Leal
Published: November 2023

Objetivou-se investigar como reportagens do jornal Correio do Tocantins/Correio de Carajás contribuem para a produção de sentidos sobre masculinidades e violência contra mulher. A constituição do corpus analisado se realizou por meio de pesquisa documental com a leitura de todas as edições do jornal Correio do Tocantins publicadas no ano de 2006 e todas as edições do jornal Correio de Carajás, publicadas no ano de 2016. Verificou-se que existe um número maior de reportagens sobre violência contra a mulher publicadas nas edições do ano de 2016. São poucos os casos de violência cometidos pelas mulheres contra seus parceiros. Concluiu-se que os textos jornalísticos participam do processo de construção de significados sobre diversos fenômenos sociais, entre eles a violência. Os textos jornalísticos ao mesmo tempo produzem sentidos sobre masculinidades e contribuem para a manutenção ou modificação de ideologias em nossa sociedade sobre a violência doméstica e a violência contra a mulher.
Rituximab and Omalizumab Combination Therapy for Bullous Pemphigoid
Authors: Le Stephanie T. , Herbert Samantha , Haughton Reneé , Nava Jordan , Toussi Atrin , Ji-Xu Antonio , Maverakis Emanual
Published: November 2023

This research letter reports on a case series of 10 patients with bullous pemphigoid treated with rituximab combined with omalizumab.
Enrollment of Pediatric Patients in COVID-19 Interventional Trials
Authors: Ong Mei-Sing , Wu Ann Chen , Bourgeois Florence T.
Published: November 2023

This cross-sectional study uses information gathered from ClinicalTrials.gov to assess the inclusion of children in COVID-19 interventional trials conducted in the US.
A Wide Wide QRS
Authors: Kawji Mazen M.
Published: November 2023

This case report describes a patient in their 70s with shortness of breath and generalized weakness and a history of coronary artery bypass surgery, ischemic cardiomyopathy, a dual-chamber defibrillator, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and kidney failure while undergoing hemodialysis.
The Hockey Stick
Authors: Detsky Allan S.
Published: November 2023

This essay describes the author’s experience in interacting with a patient diagnosed with a serious illness and how focusing on the patient’s interests and making them happy was an example of a low-tech, high-touch intervention.
Pulmonary and Clinical Outcomes After Bilateral Submandibular Gland Excision and Parotid Duct Ligation for Refractory Sialorrhea
Authors: Miller Ashley L. , Hysinger Erik B. , Tabangin Meredith E. , Torres-Silva Cherie , de Alarcon Alessandro , Hart Catherine K.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Refractory sialorrhea in children can result in pulmonary aspiration and irreversible lung damage. Despite many studies devoted to the surgical treatment of sialorrhea, there is a paucity of objective outcome measures after surgery, especially with regard to pulmonary health.

Objectives

To assess whether bilateral submandibular gland excision and bilateral parotid duct ligation (“DROOL” procedure) is associated with reduced pulmonary inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples after surgery and to assess patient factors associated with improvement after surgery.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective case series included all 112 patients undergoing the DROOL procedure at a single tertiary care pediatric children’s hospital from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021. Statistical analysis was performed from March 30 to June 10, 2023, and August 20 to September 23, 2023.

Exposure

DROOL procedure for refractory sialorrhea.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Degree of pulmonary inflammation (neutrophil percentage) according to BAL cytologic findings and overall bronchoscopy findings up to 12 months before and after the DROOL procedure. Secondary outcomes included number of annual hospitalizations, caregiver report of function before and after the procedure, and need for revision procedures and/or additional operations for secretion management.

Results

A total of 112 patients (median age, 3.4 years [IQR, 2.0-7.1 years]; 65 boys [58.0%]) underwent DROOL procedures and had both preoperative and postoperative BAL samples during the study period. Patients demonstrated objective improvement in pulmonary inflammation after surgery, with the median polymorphonuclear neutrophil percentage decreasing from 65.0% (IQR, 14.0%-86.0%) before the surgery to 32.5% (IQR, 3.0%-76.5%) after the surgery (median difference in percentage points, −9.0 [95% CI, −20.0 to 0.0]). Prior to the DROOL procedure, 34 patients (30.4%; 95% CI, 21.8%-38.9%) were hospitalized 2 or more times annually for respiratory illness, which decreased to 10.1% (11 of 109; 95% CI, 4.4%-15.7%) after surgery (3 patients did not have hospitalization data available following surgery). Most caretakers (73 [65.2%]) reported improved secretion management after the procedure.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study suggests that patients with impaired secretion management who underwent a DROOL procedure demonstrated improvement in pulmonary inflammation and a reduction in hospitalizations after surgery. Caretakers were also likely to report subjective improvement in secretion management and quality of life. Additional research is necessary to guide optimal timing and patient selection for this procedure.
Understanding Deformation Behavior in Sintered Fe36Ni Alloy Through Nanoindentation Experiments and Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Sahni Sandeep Kumar , Bhowmick Somnath , Upadhyaya Anish
Published: November 2023

In this work, the nanoindentation‐induced deformation behavior in sintered Fe36Ni is investigated using experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. The Fe36Ni alloy is synthesized through the powder metallurgy route. A microstructural study of the sintered sample reveals the formation of both hard α‐(Fe, Ni) and soft γ‐(Ni, Fe) phases due to compositional inhomogeneity, and increasing the sintering temperature enhances the γ‐(Ni, Fe) phase formation. The experimentally measured nanoindentation features are correlated to atomistic origin using molecular dynamics simulation. Deformation behavior is explored using local shear strain and atomic displacement plot, and a detailed investigation of various dislocation nucleation and their interaction is performed to gain insights into the mechanisms governing plastic deformation. The plastic deformation of α‐(Fe, Ni) phase is governed by dislocation with Burger's vector b = ½ <111> and b = <100> whereas, sessile dislocations such as Stair‐rod (b = 1/6 <110>), Frank (b = 1/3 <111>), and Hirth lock (b = 1/3 <100>) are found to be responsible for the plastic deformation and also contribute in strain hardening of γ‐(Ni, Fe) phase.
Observation of Magnon Spin Transport in BiFeO3 Thin Films
Authors: Liang Yuhan , Jiang Dingsong , Chai Yahong , Wang Yue , Chen Hetian , Ma Jing , Yu Pu , Yi Di , Nan Tianxiang
Published: November 2023

Magnon, a quanta of spin waves, can transport in magnetically ordered insulators without substantial heat dissipation. The recently demonstrated magnon‐mediated spin torque through antiferromagnetic insulators is regarded as a highly efficient approach for electrical manipulation of magnetization. To control the magnon transport in antiferromagnets, a very large magnetic field is required, since antiferromagnets show immunity to external magnetic disturbance. The antiferromagnetic order can be electrically controlled in multiferroic materials via the magnetoelectric coupling between the antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric orders. Here, we report the experimental observation of magnon spin transport through multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films in SrRuO3/BiFeO3/NiFe tri‐layers at room temperature. We find highly efficient magnon current transmission through BiFeO3 thin film with a thickness exceeding 80 nm by the spin pumping measurement. The magnon spin‐torque efficiency in the tri‐layers measured by the spin‐torque ferromagnetic resonance is comparable with that in the SrRuO3/NiFe bilayer. This results suggest multiferroic BiFeO3 to be an excellent platform for investigating the antiferromagnetic magnon transport and developing magnonic devices.
A Novel High‐Entropy Perovskite Electrolyte with Improved Proton Conductivity and Stability for Reversible Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Oh Seeun , Kim Dongyeon , Ryu Ho Jin , Lee Kang Taek
Published: November 2023

Reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (R‐PCECs) are emerging as highly efficient energy conversion devices, operating below 650 °C. The primary challenge in advancing R‐PCECs lies in developing efficient and stable proton‐conducting electrolytes capable of withstanding the chemical instability caused by common contaminants like CO2 and H2O. Herein, a novel high‐entropy perovskite oxide (HEPO) material is introduced, incorporating six equimolar B‐site cations (BaHf1/6Sn1/6Zr1/6Ce1/6Y1/6Yb1/6O3‐δ, BHSZCYYb). The total conductivity of BHSZCYYb outperforms that of the examined HEPO electrolytes and other reported HEPO variants. Additionally, superior chemical stability of BHSZCYYb is observed when exposed to CO2. Utilizing the microwave‐assisted sintering method, an R‐PCEC with BHSZCYYb electrolyte is successfully fabricated. This cell exhibits a maximum power density of 1.151 W cm−2 (650 °C) in fuel cell mode and a current density of 2.326 A cm−2 at 1.3 V (650 °C) in electrolysis cell mode. These results represent the highest‐reported values for R‐PCECs employing HEPO electrolytes to date and provide valuable insights into the development and advancement of HEPOs, holding great promise for achieving high‐performance R‐PCECs.
Ultra‐Low Noise Level Infrared Quantum Dot Photodiodes with Self‐Screenable Polymeric Optical Window
Authors: Kim Tae Hyuk , Choi Young Kyun , Lee Gyeong Min , Saeed Muhammad Ahsan , Jung Byung Ku , Lee Min Jong , Choi Hyung Jin , Oh Soong Ju , Shim Jae Won
Published: November 2023

Quantum dot photodiodes (QPDs) have garnered significant attention because of their unparalleled near‐infrared (NIR) detection capabilities, primarily attributable to their size‐dependent bandgap tunability. Nevertheless, the broadband absorption spectrum of QPD engenders substantial noise floor within superfluous visible light regions, notably hindering their use in several emerging applications necessitating the detection of faint micro‐light signals. To overcome these hurdles, a self‐screenable NIR QPD featuring an internal optical filter with a thick polymeric interlayer to reduce electronic noise is demonstrated. This effectively screens out undesirable visible light regions while reducing the ionized defect owing to decreased density of state, yielding an extremely low dark current (≈1010 A cm−2 at V = −1 V). Consequently, the electronic noise spectral density is attained at levels below ≈10−27–10−28 A2 Hz−1, and responsivity (R) dropped to 92% within the visible light spectrum.
Side‐Gate BN‐MoS2 Transistor for Reconfigurable Multifunctional Electronics
Authors: Zeng Daobing , Ding Rongxiang , Liu Guanyu , Lu Huihui , Zhang Miao , Xue Zhongying , Tian Ziao , Di Zengfeng
Published: November 2023

Developing 2D reconfigurable multifunctional devices is of great potential in further miniaturizing the chip area and simplifying circuit design. 2D van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures offer a novel approach to realizing reconfigurable multifunctional devices. Despite the numerous previous reports that have integrated various functions in a single 2D heterostructures device, most of those devices are based on a complex multilayer heterostructure or an air‐unstable channel material, limiting their ability to be applied in integrated circuits. There is an urgent need to develop 2D reconfigurable multifunctional devices that have a simple structure and stable electrical properties. In this work, a side‐gate reconfigurable device is illustrated based on simple BN‐MoS2 vdW heterostructures. Three different functions in a single device have been achieved, including a diode, double‐side‐gate reconfigurable logic transistor, and top floating gate memory. A lateral n+‐n homojunction is created along the MoS2 channel and the rectification ratio is above 105. Reconfigurable logic operations (OR, AND) can be achieved in a single double‐side‐gate device and the current on/off ratio is ≈t 104. Moreover, the device can act as a floating gate memory under back gate operation. Those results pave the way for integrating the same reconfigurable multifunctional devices to realize complex electronic systems.
Passive Photovoltaic Cooling: Advances Toward Low‐Temperature Operation
Authors: Liu Junwei , Zhou Yifan , Zhou Zhihua , Du Yahui , Wang Cheng , Yang Xueqing , Lin Zhenjia , Guo Zhilin , Zhao Jun , Ye Long , Zhang Haoran , Yan Jinyue
Published: November 2023

With the great increase in installation, photovoltaics will develop as the main power supply source for the world shortly. However, the actual power generation and lifetime of photovoltaics are greatly compromised by the high working temperature under outdoor operation. In this review, the recent advances of four promising passive photovoltaic cooling methods are summarized with the aim to uncover their working principles, cooling performance, and application potential in photovoltaic devices. For radiative cooling, light management strategies with ultraviolet‐photon downshift and sub‐bandgap reflection are discussed in detail to reveal their great potential in reducing photovoltaic working temperature and enhancing power generation. Subsequently, the great cooling benefits of passive evaporative cooling are underlined in terms of its superior cooling power and temperature drop of photovoltaic devices. Moreover, the promising integrated cooling strategy is further highlighted due to its great potential in enhancing electricity production and fresh water supply. Most crucially, the remaining challenges and the authors'r insights are presented to advance the commercial applications of passive cooling methods in photovoltaics.
Engineered Glucose Oxidase‐Carbon Nanotube Conjugates for Tissue‐Translatable Glucose Nanosensors
Authors: Nishitani Shoichi , Tran Tiffany , Puglise Andrew , Yang Sounghyun , Landry Markita P.
Published: November 2023

Continuous and non‐invasive glucose monitoring and imaging is important for disease diagnosis, treatment, and management. However, glucose monitoring remains a technical challenge owing to the dearth of tissue‐transparent glucose sensors. In this study, we present the development of near‐infrared fluorescent single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) based nanosensors directly functionalized with glucose oxidase (GOx) capable of immediate and reversible glucose imaging in biological fluids and tissues. We prepared GOx‐SWCNT nanosensors by facile sonication of SWCNT with GOx in a manner that—surprisingly—does not compromise the ability of GOx to detect glucose. Importantly, we find by using denatured GOx that the fluorescence modulation of GOx‐SWCNT is not associated with the catalytic oxidation of glucose but rather triggered by glucose‐GOx binding. Leveraging the unique response mechanism of GOx‐SWCNT nanosensors, we developed catalytically inactive apo‐GOx‐SWCNT that enables both sensitive and reversible glucose imaging, exhibiting a ΔF/F0 of up to 40 % within 1 s of exposure to glucose without consuming the glucose analyte. We finally demonstrate the potential applicability of apo‐GOx‐SWCNT in biomedical applications by glucose quantification in human plasma and glucose imaging in mouse brain slices.
Bismuth in Radical Chemistry and Catalysis
Authors: Mato Mauro , Cornella Josep
Published: November 2023

Whereas indications of radical reactivity in bismuth compounds can be traced back to the 19th century, the preparation and characterization of both transient and persistent bismuth‐radical species has only been established in recent decades. These advancements led to the emergence of the field of bismuth radical chemistry, mirroring the progress seen for other main‐group elements. The seminal and fundamental studies in this area have ultimately paved the way for the development of catalytic methodologies involving bismuth‐radical intermediates, a promising approach that remains largely untapped in the broad landscape of synthetic organic chemistry. In this review, we delve into the milestones that eventually led to the present state‐of‐the‐art in the field of radical bismuth chemistry. Our focus aims at outlining the intrinsic discoveries in fundamental inorganic/organometallic chemistry and contextualizing their practical applications in organic synthesis and catalysis.
Effects of metal oxides on the dielectric and mechanical properties of silicone rubber composites
Authors: Huang Bin , Yu Yan , Zhao Yan , Zhao Yunfeng , Dai Lina , Zhang Zhijie , Fei Hua‐Feng
Published: November 2023

Polysiloxane dielectric elastomers have garnered a considerable deal of attention over the last decade due to their potential as electroactive soft materials. However, the intrinsic low dielectric constant of polysiloxanes has proven a serious limitation in their practical use. In this work, we controlled the dielectric properties of silicone rubber composites by changing the type and content of oxide fillers. The silicone‐based dielectric elastomers with a high dielectric constant (5.21@1 kHz), low modulus (1.62 MPa), and high elongation (1100%) were successfully obtained. The effects of different types of metal oxides on the dielectric properties and mechanical properties of the prepared composites are further explored. Due to their excellent comprehensive features, these types of materials are expected to be applied in capacitive sensors, actuators, generators, and beyond.
A challenge‐based interdisciplinary undergraduate concept fostering translational medicine
Authors: Valentijn Floris A. , Schakelaar Michael Y. , Hegeman Maria A. , Schot Willemijn D. , Dictus Wim J. A. G. , Crnko Sandra , ten Broeke Toine , Bovenschen Niels
Published: November 2023

Translational medicine (TM) is an interdisciplinary branch of biomedicine that bridges the gap from bench‐to‐bedside to improve global health. Fundamental TM skills include interdisciplinary collaboration, communication, critical thinking, and creative problem‐solving (4Cs). TM is currently limited in undergraduate biomedical education programs, with little patient contact and opportunities for collaboration between different disciplines. In this study, we developed and evaluated a novel interdisciplinary challenge‐based educational concept, grounded in the theoretical framework of experimental research‐based education, to implement TM in undergraduate biomedicine and medicine programs. Students were introduced to an authentic clinical problem through an interdisciplinary session with patients, medical doctors, and scientists. Next, students collaborated in groups to design unique laboratory‐based research proposals addressing this problem. Stakeholders subsequently rewarded the best proposal with funding to be executed in a consecutive interdisciplinary laboratory course, in which mixed teams of biomedicine and medicine students performed the research in a fully equipped wet laboratory. Written questionnaires and focus groups revealed that students developed 4C skills and acquired a 4C mindset. Working on an authentic patient case and the interdisciplinary setting positively contributed to communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and creative problem‐solving skills. Furthermore, students were intrinsically motivated by (i) the relevance of their work that made them feel taken seriously and competent, (ii) the patient involvement that highlighted the societal relevance of their work, and (iii) the acquisition of a realistic view of what doing science in a biomedical research laboratory is. In conclusion, we showcase a widely applicable interdisciplinary challenge‐based undergraduate concept fostering TM.
Metabolism of four novel structural analogs of ketamine, 2‐FXE [2‐(ethylamino)‐2‐(2‐fluorophenyl) cyclohexan‐1‐one], 2‐MDCK [2‐(methylamino)‐2‐(o‐tolyl) cyclohexan‐1‐one], 3‐DMXE [2‐(ethylamino)‐2‐(m‐tolyl) cyclohexan‐1‐one], and 2‐DMXE [2‐(ethylamino)‐2‐(o‐tolyl) cyclohexan‐1‐one], in human liver microsomes based on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Hu Wen , Liu Cuimei , Hua Zhendong , Li Jing , Li Zhiyu
Published: November 2023

New psychoactive substances are constantly emerging, among which ketamine analogs with the core structure of 2‐amino‐2‐phenylcyclohexanone have attracted global attention due to their continued involvement in acute intoxications. The monitoring of these substances largely relies on the acquisition of metabolic data. However, the lack of in vitro human metabolism information for these emerging structural analogs presents significant challenges to drug control efforts. To address this challenge, we investigated the first‐phase metabolism patterns of four novel ketamine structural analogs of 2‐FXE [2‐(ethylamino)‐2‐(2‐fluorophenyl) cyclohexan‐1‐one], 2‐MDCK [2‐(methylamino)‐2‐(o‐tolyl) cyclohexan‐1‐one], 3‐DMXE [2‐(ethylamino)‐2‐(m‐tolyl) cyclohexan‐1‐one], and 2‐DMXE [2‐(ethylamino)‐2‐(o‐tolyl) cyclohexan‐1‐one] utilizing human liver microsomes for the first time. Metabolites were identified using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Our findings reveal that N‐dealkylation and hydroxylation are the primary metabolic reactions, alongside other notable reactions, including oxidation, reduction, and dehydration. Based on our extensive research, we propose N‐dealkylation and hydroxylation metabolites as appropriate analytical markers for monitoring the consumption of these substances.
Business response to mandatory corporate social responsibility with evidence from India
Authors: Kulkarni Vikrant , Aggarwal Ashish
Published: November 2023

There has been a lot of discussion on the shift from voluntary to mandatory corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its impacts in different countries across the globe. India is unique in this context as the reporting and expenditure of a certain amount under CSR has been mandated for companies. This article analyzes the changes and responses of Indian businesses post‐2014, when new CSR rules were enacted. The key objectives of this study are to assess the level of awareness and compliance, thematic and geographical focus areas for CSR projects, and drivers and barriers to the adoption of mandatory CSR. We performed a secondary analysis of the data from 60 companies, followed by extensive primary research through in‐person interviews and offline questionnaire responses with 100 key CSR professionals from different companies in India. A key finding from the study is that the awareness of CSR policy and the pool of CSR funds has increased. The policy mandates have been a good driver in improving transparency and reporting quality. However, there is a predominant focus on four thematic areas of education, healthcare, hunger, and poverty alleviation despite the government's efforts to expand in other areas. The geographical spread of expenditure is limited to a few key industrial states in India, limiting CSR's contribution towards national development. The study adds to the CSR literature associated with institutional and stakeholder theories by looking at the response of legally bound organizations toward society and the environment. Finally, the study provides valuable information for governments and regulatory authorities considering the mandatory implementation of CSR expenditure across the globe.
Research Progress and Modification Measures of Anode and Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Lei , Tian Hualing , Yao Xiang , Cai Yanjun , Gao Ziwei , Su Zhi
Published: November 2023

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) work similarly to lithium‐ion batteries, but they cost less and are safer. However, the battery has some shortcomings, such as low energy density and poor stability, which hinder its development and application. The development of electrode materials with low cost and high‐performance characteristics is a hot and difficult point in the research of SIBs. In this paper, the existing sodium ion cathode and anode materials are systematically reviewed. Firstly, the electrochemical structures and properties of various cathode and anode materials were introduced, and the limitations of cathode and anode materials of SIBs were analyzed. Based this, the current modification methods were summarized, such as surface coating of materials, doping of heteroatoms and metal elements to improve the electrochemical performance. In this paper, the research progress and modification measures of SIBs are summarized and prospected. It is helpful to further improve its comprehensive performance and lay a foundation for the future application of cathode and anode materials for SIBs.
High Salt Electrolyte Solutions Challenge the Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction to Formate at Indium and Tin Cathodes
Authors: Kas Aykut , Izadi Paniz , Harnisch Falk
Published: November 2023

Invited for this issue's Front Cover is the group of Falk Harnisch at the Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ in Leipzig. The Front Cover illustrates use and effect of high‐salt electrolyte solutions on the electrochemical reduction of CO2 into formate at conditions allowing its use as feed for halophilic microorganism. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/celc.202300311.
Repli‐seq Sample Preparation using Cell Sorting with Cell‐Permeant Dyes
Authors: Meyer‐Nava Silvia , Shetty Anala V. , Rivera‐Mulia Juan Carlos
Published: November 2023

Replication timing is significantly correlated with gene expression and chromatin organization, changes dynamically during cell differentiation, and is altered in diseased states. Genome‐wide analysis of replication timing is performed in actively replicating cells by Repli‐seq. Current methods for Repli‐seq require cells to be fixed in large numbers. This is a barrier for sample types that are sensitive to fixation or are in very limited numbers. In this article, we outline optimized methods to process live cells and intact nuclei for Repli‐seq. Our protocol enables the processing of a smaller number of cells per sample and reduces processing time and sample loss while obtaining high‐quality data. Further, for samples that tend to form clumps and are difficult to dissociate into a single‐cell suspension, we also outline methods for isolation, staining, and processing of nuclei for Repli‐seq. The Repli‐seq data obtained from live cells and intact nuclei are comparable to those obtained from the standard protocols. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Live cell isolation and staining

Alternate Protocol: Nuclei isolation and staining
Detection of anabolic agents including selective androgen receptor modulators in samples outside of sport
Authors: Bohlin Kim Petterson , Pohanka Anton , Andersson Alexander , Villén Tomas , Ekström Lena
Published: November 2023

Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are prohibited by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) since 2008. Similarly, to anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), SARMs are detrimental to health not only in athletes but also in the general population. However, studies of the occurrence of SARMs outside of sport are scarce. Swedish healthcare samples from the Drugs of Abuse Laboratory at Karolinska were analyzed using WADA‐accredited screening methods at the Doping Control Laboratory in Stockholm to estimate the frequency of SARM use outside of the WADA laboratories. Twenty (4%) of the male urine samples (n = 542) were positive for SARMs, whereas none of the analyzed female samples (n = 100) contained any SARMs. The top three SARMs found were LGD‐4033 followed by RAD140 and ostarine. Two or more SARMs were found in >50% of the SARM‐positive samples. AASs were identified in 40% of samples containing SARMs. A difference between genders was observed where 34% male and 7% female samples contained AAS. Many samples displayed testosterone/epitestosterone values indicative of testosterone intake, without presence of other AAS, and hence, there is a risk that these samples are being falsely reported as negative. Our results indicate that SARM use might be a concern outside of sport. Subsequently, in addition to AAS, the healthcare system should also be informed about SARM abuse and the associated adverse side effects.
Differential Runx3, Eomes, and T‐bet expression subdivides MS‐associated CD4+ T cells with brain‐homing capacity
Authors: Hoeks Cindy , Puijfelik Fabiënne van , Koetzier Steven C. , Rip Jasper , Corsten Cato E.A. , Wierenga‐Wolf Annet F. , Melief Marie‐José , Stinissen Piet , Smolders Joost , Hellings Niels , Broux Bieke , van Luijn Marvin M.
Published: November 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common and devastating chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS. CD4+ T cells are assumed to be the first to cross the blood–central nervous system (CNS) barrier and trigger local inflammation. Here, we explored how pathogenicity‐associated effector programs define CD4+ T cell subsets with brain‐homing ability in MS. Runx3‐ and Eomes‐, but not T‐bet‐expressing CD4+ memory cells were diminished in the blood of MS patients. This decline reversed following natalizumab treatment and was supported by a Runx3+Eomes+T‐bet− enrichment in cerebrospinal fluid samples of treatment‐naïve MS patients. This transcription factor profile was associated with high granzyme K (GZMK) and CCR5 levels and was most prominent in Th17.1 cells (CCR6+CXCR3+CCR4−/dim). Previously published CD28− CD4 T cells were characterized by a Runx3+Eomes−T‐bet+ phenotype that coincided with intermediate CCR5 and a higher granzyme B (GZMB) and perforin expression, indicating the presence of two separate subsets. Under steady‐state conditions, granzyme Khigh Th17.1 cells spontaneously passed the blood–brain barrier in vitro. This was only found for other subsets including CD28− cells when using inflamed barriers. Altogether, CD4+ T cells contain small fractions with separate pathogenic features, of which Th17.1 seems to breach the blood–brain barrier as a possible early event in MS.
Direct charge transfer between arbitrary lithium polymer cells based on a new control strategy
Authors: Esmaeili Ali , Narm Hossein Gholizadeh
Published: November 2023

In this paper, a new control strategy, along with an innovative switching pattern, is proposed for the transfer of charge from one cell to another, whether they are adjacent or nonadjacent, or even to multiple cells simultaneously. Therefore, this strategy improves the efficiency of state of charge balancing, which is critical for lithium polymer (LiPo) batteries. Unlike in previous studies, all these functions are realized with a simple structure that employs standard DC–DC buck‐boost converters, without any additional complexities. By implementing the proposed control strategy, the effects of inaccuracies in the gain of current sensors, as well as multiplicative measurement noises, are reduced. The proposed method is applied to a set of five series LiPo cells, and a comprehensive investigation is conducted to assess both its balancing algorithm and operation. The simulation results illustrate the effective balancing performance and the achievement of the desired charge transfer through the proposed approach. An experimental setup, which includes five LiPo cells with a capacity of 1530 milliampere‐hours (mAh), is used to verify the proposed method. The outcomes demonstrate that the balancing of all cells is accurately performed under different initial conditions, within an acceptable time frame.
Can Dawul Kurundu (Neolitsea involucrate) leaf extract be used as a plant‐based stabilizer in set yoghurt production?
Authors: Wijekoon Wimukthika , Kumarasinghe Udayagee , Alahakoon Amali , Jayarathna Shishanthi , Priyashantha Hasitha
Published: November 2023

The incorporation of plant‐derived stabilizers in food processing and preservation has gained considerable industrial interest. The leaf extract of Neolitsea involucrate, Dawul Kurundu (DK), has proven to be a potent plant‐derived stabilizing agent in the food industry. However, the potential of utilizing DK leaf extract in the dairy industry has not yet been proven. Thus, the feasibility of incorporating DK leaf extract in set yoghurt production by assessing its physicochemical, sensory, proximate composition, minerals (calcium and phosphorous), and microbial (Escherichia coli, yeast, and mold) quality parameters during storage at 4°C up to 21 days was assessed. DK leaf aqueous extracts of 0.4% w/v (T2), 0.6% w/v (T3), and 0.8% w/v (T4) were used for testing with the control sample, 0.6% gelatin (T1). Compared to T1, there were no differences in color, taste, texture, and mouthfeel in all DK leaf extract‐incorporated yoghurts, demonstrating the suitability of using DK leaf extract to replace the gelatin. A decreasing pattern of pH value was observed during 21 days of the storage period in all treatments, whereas total titratable acidity increased significantly with time. Furthermore, the lowest syneresis value was obtained by T4, demonstrating ideal stabilizing properties at higher incorporation levels. The proximate, mineral, and microbial compositions of all treatments showed no significant difference compared to the control. Therefore, overall results revealed that the 0.8% w/v level of DK leaf extract incorporation (T4) could be used as a potent stabilizer in set yoghurt production by allowing the possibility of replacing the gelatin without compromising its organoleptic properties. Improved and efficient methods for extracting the DK leaf extracts by focusing on their potential functional and health effects should be further examined.