bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis ofDrosophilaBam and Bgcn Sequences and Predicted Protein Structural Evolution
Authors: Arnce Luke R , Bubnell Jaclyn E , Aquadro Charles F
Published: December 2024

The protein encoded by theDrosophila melanogastergenebag of marbles(bam) plays an essential role in early gametogenesis by complexing with the gene product ofbenign gonial cell neoplasm(bgcn) to promote germline stem cell daughter differentiation in males and females. Here, we compared the AlphaFold2 and AlphaFold Multimer predicted structures of Bam protein and the Bam:Bgcn protein complex betweenD. melanogaster, D. simulans, and D. yakuba, wherebamis necessary in gametogenesis to that inD. teissieri, where it is not. Despite significant sequence divergence, we find very little evidence of significant structural differences in high confidence regions of the structures across the four species. This suggests that Bam structure is unlikely to be a direct cause of its functional differences between species and that Bam may simply not be integrated in an essential manner for GSC differentiation inD. teissieri. Patterns of positive selection and significant amino acid diversification across species is consistent with the Selection, Pleiotropy, and Compensation (SPC) model, where detected selection atbamis consistent with adaptive change in one major trait followed by positively selected compensatory changes for pleiotropic effects (in this case perhaps preserving structure). In the case ofbam, we suggest that the major trait could be genetic interaction with the endosymbiotic bacteriaWolbachia pipientis. Following up on detected signals of positive selection and comparative structural analysis could provide insight into the distribution of a primary adaptive change versus compensatory changes following a primary change.
Equifinal configurations of shaping ambidextrous environmental strategy and the subsequent performance outcome
Authors: Wei Shuochen , Wang Lifang , Feng Taiwen , Gao Yanni
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study explores the antecedent configurations shaping ambidextrous environmental strategy (AES) and the subsequent performance outcomes. The lack of literature from the configurational perspective and inconsistent performance results suggest that this study has significant implications for practitioners, policymakers and the public. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how different antecedent conditions interact to shape AES and subsequent performance outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve the research aims, the current research utilize research techniques based on technology–organization–environment framework and configurational perspective. This study collects data from 317 Chinese manufacturing enterprises and tests the theoretical framework using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis and propensity score matching.

Findings

Perceived institutional pressure, green supply chain integration and digital technology adoption form four paths that lead to the existence of AES. There are four sets of replaceable conditions between distinct paths. In addition, except for configuration P3, all other configurations promote environmental, operational and financial performance.

Research limitations/implications

Our results provide new insights for enterprises to shape AES and achieve multiple performances, and new ideas for promoting environmental policies and public environmental awareness.

Originality/value

This study adds literature on AES and confirms multiple drivers, revealing their interaction mechanisms and key antecedent conditions. In addition, this study promotes the performance practice of AES by examining different AES configurations that achieve triple performance and insignificant operational performance.
Analysis of sustainable development goals in university foundational documents
Authors: Dejo-Vásquez Mariela , Bravo Schroth Alexandra Yolanda , Hammatt Zoe , Guilhem Dirce Bellezi , Lescano Roxana , Kombe Francis Kazungu
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Higher education institutions play a pivotal role in addressing global challenges and cultivating responsible, sustainable practices among future leaders and professionals. However, some institutions emphasize actions without fully integrating the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into their foundational documents. This study aims to actively examine the extent to which universities in both developed and developing countries incorporate SDGs into their foundational documents. The investigation assesses the presence and articulation of SDGs, representing a crucial step toward fostering a culture of sustainability within universities. This is essential for promoting environmentally responsible behavior, ethical leadership and social awareness among students and young scientists, benefiting both society and the planet.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors employed a descriptive-comparative research design, conducting content analysis to ascertain the integration of SDGs within foundational documents of universities in both developed and developing countries. The authors selected academic documents from 12 countries and established keywords for each SDG to identify references. Statistical analyses, which included frequency tables, along with qualitative analysis, highlighted the similarities and differences among the documents.

Findings

The analysis of universities’ foundational documents revealed significant insights into the integration of the SDGs. Notably, SDG 4 (Quality Education) emerged as the most frequently mentioned goal, appearing in a substantial 66.7% of the documents, while SDG 16 (Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions) followed closely at 50.8%. In contrast, SDG 14 (Life Below Water) and SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) received minimal attention and were notably missing in the documents. Furthermore, the research highlighted varying degrees of SDG integration in different types of documents, with strategic plans exhibiting a presence rate of 28%, while codes of ethics lagged behind at 11.3%. Qualitative analysis further revealed an intriguing dichotomy: universities in developed countries provided detailed insights into their SDG initiatives, while those in developing countries mentioned the goals without delving into specific actions.

Originality/value

These findings underscore the imperative for a more consistent and robust commitment to sustainability and ethical leadership within higher education institutions. This is particularly crucial for universities in developing nations, as it fosters environmentally responsible behavior and social awareness among students, faculty, staff and university leaders, benefiting both society and the planet.
How has higher education developed in India? Evidence using a “benefit-of-the-doubt” based multidimensional index approach
Authors: Jain Itisha , Gulati Rachita
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study analyzes the disparities and growth of higher education by constructing a composite index of higher education development (HEDI) across 31 Indian states and union territories (UTs) for the period from 2012 to 2021.

Design/methodology/approach

We develop an all-encompassing multidimensional index of higher education development (HEDI) by using a constrained “benefit-of-the-doubt” (BoD) model based on data envelopment analysis (DEA). The states and UTs are then ranked according to their respective HEDI scores.

Findings

The empirical findings reveal significant disparities in higher education development across states and UTs in India. States like Tamil Nadu, Chandigarh, and Puducherry exhibit higher performance. In contrast, Bihar, Odisha, and Tripura relatively show underdevelopment and need greater focus. The dimensions of outcome and infrastructure and financial resources are the most neglected and require greater attention in higher education.

Originality/value

The study is perhaps a pioneer in proposing a composite index to map the development of higher education across the Indian states and UTs using an innovative approach of DEA-based BoD methodology. The index provides educationists and policymakers with the current state of the spatial development of higher education, enabling the government to make informed decisions.
The role of professional judgment in Indian real estate valuation: insights from lending industry experts
Authors: Walia Siddhant , Singh Sneh , Pareek Sanjeev
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of professional judgment in property valuation within India’s lending sector by exploring how different market and cultural factors influence valuation practices.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-methods research approach comprising interviews of 15 highly experienced property valuation professionals to understand nuances of property valuation and find important factors which require their professional judgment, based on which a questionnaire survey is administered to 137 valuers from various parts of India. A relative importance index (RII) analysis and a mixed model ANOVA were then used to evaluate the significance of different factors affecting property valuation.

Findings

The results reveal the factors which require professional judgment of property valuation professionals. Zoning and development plans, legal due diligence, regulatory compliance, real estate regulatory authority and supply–demand dynamics are top five factors. Also, there was no statistically significant difference between less experienced property valuers and their more experienced counterparts.

Practical implications

The findings reveal important factors which require professional judgment while doing valuation in opaque property markets of India. A study reveals difficulties that valuation teams working for banks and NBFCs face due to challenges and variation in Indian real estate markets. Furthermore, it stresses the need for continuous professional development and adherence to ethical standards among valuation professions.

Originality/value

This research offers an all-inclusive study about the things that influence subjective judgment in Indian property valuation and provides insight into the intricate intertwining of regulatory, market and cultural aspects in the process.
Reimagining the future through the co-creation of social entrepreneurship in higher education: a multivariate prediction model approach
Authors: Ramírez-Montoya María Soledad , Casillas-Muñoz Fidel , Tariq Rasikh , Álvarez-Icaza Inés , Portuguez-Castro May
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This remastered analysis focuses on the impact of entrepreneurial interventions in higher education institutions (HEI), particularly in social entrepreneurship. The study evaluated the effectiveness of such interventions through a pre-and post-test approach, examining various skill sets in students. The primary goal was to analyze the influence of entrepreneurial training programs on students' competencies in social entrepreneurship by analyzing changes in personal behavior, leadership, innovation, social value and management skills before and after the educational interventions.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed a quasi-experimental design, analyzing pre-and post-test results in three distinct social entrepreneurship training experiences. The sample consisted of 304 participants, providing a comprehensive view of the impact of these interventions.

Findings

The main findings were: (1) Educational interventions in social entrepreneurship must emphasize strategies for self-awareness, emotional intelligence and personal development improvement. The analysis revealed significant improvements in these areas, indicating that targeted strategies in these domains are essential for enhancing the effectiveness of social entrepreneurship education. (2) The impact of educational interventions on these capabilities can be effectively evaluated using machine learning methods such as ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. This approach allows for the inclusion of variables such as gender, age or location, providing a comprehensive assessment of the interventions' impact. (3) The interventions were particularly effective in improving students' innovation and leadership competencies. The analysis demonstrated substantial enhancements in these areas, underscoring the success of the interventions in developing these critical skills. (4) The study highlighted the need for a more focused approach in future interventions, emphasizing the importance of management, social value and personal skills. Additionally, it pointed out the necessity of developing and utilizing appropriate tools to create and evaluate these interventions effectively.

Practical implications

The study provides insights into improving educational interventions in social entrepreneurship to better develop essential skills in students.

Originality/value

This research introduces a significant approach to educational interventions for educational communities and decision-makers by demonstrating the effectiveness of entrepreneurial training for competencies in innovation and leadership, which are crucial for societal and economic development.
Revolution, reform and the rise of China: a political and social transformation
Authors: Xiao Bin
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study proposes a new political science–based interpretation of the rise of China and focuses on the academic discussion regarding its root causes. This study aims to identify the historical, economic and sociological perspectives in the relevant literature by offering a political science perspective on the factors that enabled China’s rise, analyze and comment on the controversy surrounding Perry Anderson’s theoretical approach and contribute to the literature by focusing on political and social transformation.

Design/methodology/approach

By offering a political science perspective on the factors that enabled China’s rise, this study aims to identify the historic, economic and sociological perspectives in the relevant literature; analyze and comment on the controversy surrounding Perry Anderson’s theoretical approach; and contribute to the literature by focusing on political and social transformation.

Findings

First, revolution and reform together provided the conditions for China’s rise, by establishing a sovereign state and revitalizing the system, respectively. Second, China’s reform model has resulted in a combined and complex institutional structure that effectively integrates the market, the state and political parties in a party-state system. Third, during the rise of China, the market economy, local competition and the authority of political parties have been the source of vitality, the driving force and the stabilizer, respectively.

Originality/value

This paper offers a critique of the theoretical interpretations of scholars such as Perry Anderson regarding the root causes of the rise of China.
Chromosome‐Level Genome Assembly and Genetic Maker System of the Endangered Largemouth Bronze Gudgeon (Coreius guichenoti) with Focus on Conservation Applications
Authors: Zhou Chuang , Wang Zhongyi , Wang Xiaodong , Qu Huantao , Song Zhaobin
Published: December 2024

The largemouth bronze gudgeon (Coreius guichenoti), an endemic fish species, is distributed in the upper Yangtze River drainage. Due to anthropogenetic factors such as water pollution, overfishing, and dam construction, the wild populations of C. guichenoti have dramatically declined in recent decades. In this study, we generated a reference chromosomal‐level genome assembly of C. guichenoti on the basis of PacBio HiFi sequencing and Hi‐C scaffolding technologies. The final genome assembly was 1.10 Gb in length (contig N50: 28.64 Mb; scaffold N50: 42.39 Mb) with 25 chromosomes. The completeness score of the C. guichenoti genome was 96.4%, and high synteny was detected compared with Danio rerio and Ictalurus punctatus genomes. A total of 24 325 PCGs were annotated for the C. guichenoti genome. Comparative genomics analysis identified 986 expanded gene families in C. guichenoti, which were significantly enriched in GO items associated with the development and interaction of sperm and egg as well as immunity. Furthermore, positively selected genes (PSGs) detected in C. guichenoti were mainly associated with DNA repair, ATP binding, mitochondrion, and lipid homeostasis. Based on the reference genome and resequencing data, the polymorphic microsatellite (SSR) loci were comprehensively analyzed for C. guichenoti, and the top 15 tetra‐nucleotide SSR loci were selected for the construction of the genetic maker system after validation through PCR and genotyping. All of these 15 tetra‐nucleotide SSR loci without Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) deviation showed high polymorphism, good amplification stability, and selective neutrality. The PID (sibs) curves revealed that the subset of four tetra‐nucleotide SSR loci (cgui1, cgui5, cgui3, cgui13) was sufficient for accurate identification of C. guichenoti individuals (PIDsib < 0.01). These 15 tetra‐nucleotide SSR loci could also serve as genetic markers in subsequent parentage identification and genetic diversity analysis. The chromosome‐level genome assembly and findings laid solid foundations for molecular breeding, genomic research, and biological conservation of C. guichenoti.
Enterobacteriaceae community dynamics in sleepy lizards: Richness, prevalence and co‐occurrence over time
Authors: Lee Ko‐Huan , Blyton Michaela D. J. , Godfrey Stephanie S. , Sih Andrew , Gardner Michael G. , Whiting Martin J. , Leu Stephan T.
Published: December 2024

Animal gut microbiomes can be very diverse, and enteric bacteria can profoundly affect the physiology of their host. The gut microbiome can be related to host health and digestion, which ultimately contribute to host body condition. However, we have a limited understanding of the co‐occurrence patterns of gut bacteria in their host, and how co‐occurrence and bacterial diversity change over time. This notion is especially important to animals living in groups as bacteria can transmit through social interactions. We investigated the co‐occurrence patterns of gut bacteria in a lizard host. We repeatedly collected cloacal swabs from 87 sleepy lizards (Tiliqua rugosa) from two different study sites over their activity season. We determined the richness and prevalence of 82 enteric bacterial strains and used a probabilistic model to investigate their co‐occurrence. At both study sites, richness and prevalence generally increased over time. We suggest that the lizards acquire strains throughout their activity season by moving through the landscape and inspecting conspecific scats. Lizards continuously tongue‐flick while moving, and thereby ingest bacteria when they move through areas where other animals defaecated. Temperature, rainfall and diet change seasonally, influencing lizard activity, and may influence the observed increase in enterobacterial richness and prevalence. Further, albeit with some exceptions, most strain pairs did not occur significantly more often or less often than expected by chance. This finding shows a lack of structured co‐occurrence, which may imply that most bacterial strains did not facilitate or inhibit each other. The absence of a co‐occurrence pattern could also be driven by random encounters of bacteria shed by other lizards within the habitat. Our results suggest that behaviour (movement patterns, tongue‐flicking), activity patterns and environmental factors collectively drive the temporal pattern of the gut bacterial community in sleepy lizards and potentially other wild reptiles.
Living by the lake: Plant food diversity in a prehistoric lake‐dwelling community in the Republic of North Macedonia
Authors: Holguin Amy , Charles Michael , Antolín Ferran , Ballantyne Rachel , Ergun Müge , Hafner Albert , Jacomet Stefanie , Lotter André F. , Naumov Goce , Reich Johannes , Soteras Raül , Stroud Elizabeth , Tinner Willy , Wood Rachel , Bogaard Amy
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the relationship between wetland ecosystems and prehistoric lakeshore settlements within the Lake Ohrid basin (a biodiversity hotspot) by considering plant food systems at Ploča Mičov Grad, North Macedonia. The mid‐fifth millennium (c.4555–4373 to 4437–4241 cal BCE) waterlogged assemblage contained a diverse spectrum of crops and ‘wild’ resources, providing resilience against crop failure. Comparisons to earlier (c.5787–5722 to 5753–5715 cal BCE) and later (c.1878–1688 cal BCE) phases show recurrent patterns of plant use alongside shifts in preferred crops. The range of taxa and intraspecies diversity attests to the ecosystemic and population diversity of the prehistoric landscape.
Metal resources and Han immigrants: Lead isotope analysis of metal relics excavated from Heimajing cemetery in Gejiu, Yunnan, China
Authors: Huang Mei , Wu Xiaotong , Jiang Zhilong , Jin Zhengyao
Published: December 2024

The Heimajing cemetery of the Han Dynasty is in southwestern China's most famous tin‐mining area. Smelting relics, such as tin ore and lead ingots, unearthed from Heimajing cemetery indicated the people were probably involved in mining and smelting. We used chemical composition and lead isotope analyses to study 76 samples from bronze artifacts and metallurgical remains. The results show that Han‐style bronzes, such as bronze hu, pan, ear cups, and other household utensils, as well as coins, are mainly lead–tin bronzes, while Southwest barbarian‐style objects such as spears, ge, and chu are copper or tin–bronze. Lead isotope analysis shows that these bronzes and metallurgical remains were mainly produced locally using the mineral sources of the Gejiu region. Not only are Heimajing bronzes stylistically similar to Han‐style bronzes of the Lingnan region, but also the source of the bronze material in both places is the same, both from the local mine in Gejiu. We speculate that the mining and metallurgical activities of metal mineral resources in Gejiu attracted many people from Lingnan. Then, they transported raw metal materials to the outside world, so Gejiu quickly became a center for supplying lead and tin raw materials during the Han Dynasty. Lead and tin sources from Gejiu have been transported to the Yungui Plateau, Lingnan, and Southeast Asia.
Exploring the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the identity of trans and gender diverse youth
Authors: Hainsworth Sydney , Toomey Russell B. , Abreu Roberto L. , Zhao Zhenqiang
Published: December 2024

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, closure of schools and other public places changed the circumstances under which young people engaged in identity development. This qualitative study examines the impact of COVID‐19 on the gender identity development of 295 transgender and gender diverse youth, ages 13–22. Responses to the open‐ended question ‘How has the COVID pandemic changed or affected your own understanding of your gender identity?’ were analysed through thematic analysis. Findings revealed six major themes and nine subthemes: (a) time for identity development (self‐reflection and self‐realization, self‐acceptance and self‐worth and self‐expression and experimentation), (b) no changes, (c) COVID‐19‐specific factors (masks help pass, limited expression/identity suppression and break from social pressures), (d) trans/non‐binary visibility on online platforms (knowledge, connection and personal increased visibility), (e) increased confusion/pain and (f) unspecified but significant changes. Close to 30% of participants reported no change to their understanding of their gender identity. Of the participants who did report change, the most common theme was time for identity development (56.3%). This study indicates that the COVID‐19 pandemic and lockdown had important, largely positive impacts on individuals' gender identity development.
Molecular profile of adult primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis aligns with glioblastoma, IDH‐wildtype
Authors: Zhu Yi , Carabenciov Darin D. , Johnson Derek R. , Trejo‐Lopez Jorge A. , Nguyen Aivi T. , Raghunathan Aditya , Lanzino Giuseppe , Ida Cristiane M. , Zepeda‐Mendoza Cinthya J. , Dasari Surendra , Russler‐Germain Emilie , Dahiya Sonika , Quezado Martha , Aldape Kenneth , Giannini Caterina
Published: December 2024

Adult primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis (PLG) is a rare, rapidly progressive and fatal disease characterized by prominent leptomeningeal infiltration by a glial tumor without an identifiable parenchymal mass. The molecular profile of adult PLG has not been well‐characterized. We report the clinical, pathological, and molecular findings of six adult PLG patients (five males and one female), median age 58 years. All cases exhibited pathological leptomeningeal enhancement at presentation. Leptomeningeal biopsy was diagnostic in five (of six) cases, revealing infiltration by an astrocytic glioma with mitotic activity, lacking microvascular proliferation or necrosis. One case was diagnosed at autopsy. All tumors were IDH‐wildtype, with five harboring TERT promoter mutations. Additional mutations identified were PTEN in one case, TP53 in two cases, and NF1 in two cases. A chromosome profile with +7/−10 was found in four cases, whereas the remaining two showed either chromosome 7 or 7p gain only. Four cases showed chromosome 9p loss with CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion, one case showed hemizygous CDKN2A/B loss, and one case showed intact chromosome 9 and CDK4/GLI1 amplification. DNA methylation profiling was performed in four cases and revealed a match to glioblastoma (GBM) family and mesenchymal typical class with high confidence scores in two cases; the other two cases showed only suggestive combined scores for GBM family and mesenchymal atypical class. The molecular profile of all cases closely aligned with that of adult‐type GBM, IDH‐wildtype, CNS WHO grade 4. All patients succumbed to the disease. In five cases with extensive leptomeningeal disease at diagnosis, the course was rapid, with median survival of 24 days following palliative care. Only one case, with relatively localized disease at diagnosis, received chemoradiation therapy and survived 535 days, raising the possibility that early diagnosis and timely treatment could improve outcome. A detailed list of previously reported cases is provided in a supplementary table.
Deep learning detected histological differences between invasive and non‐invasive areas of early esophageal cancer
Authors: Urabe Akiko , Adachi Masahiro , Sakamoto Naoya , Kojima Motohiro , Ishikawa Shumpei , Ishii Genichiro , Yano Tomonori , Sakashita Shingo
Published: December 2024

The depth of invasion plays a critical role in predicting the prognosis of early esophageal cancer, but the reasons behind invasion and the changes occurring in invasive areas are still not well understood. This study aimed to explore the morphological differences between invasive and non‐invasive areas in early esophageal cancer specimens that have undergone endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), using artificial intelligence (AI) to shed light on the underlying mechanisms. In this study, data from 75 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) were analyzed and endoscopic assessments were conducted to determine submucosal (SM) invasion. An AI model, specifically a Clustering‐constrained Attention Multiple Instance Learning model (CLAM), was developed to predict the depth of cancer by training on surface histological images taken from both invasive and non‐invasive regions. The AI model highlighted specific image portions, or patches, which were further examined to identify morphological differences between the two types of areas. The 256‐pixel AI model demonstrated an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of 0.869 and an accuracy (ACC) of 0.788. The analysis of the AI‐identified patches revealed that regions with invasion (SM) exhibited greater vascularity compared with non‐invasive regions (epithelial). The invasive patches were characterized by a significant increase in the number and size of blood vessels, as well as a higher count of red blood cells (all with p‐values <0.001). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that AI could identify critical differences in surface histopathology between non‐invasive and invasive regions, particularly highlighting a higher number and larger size of blood vessels in invasive areas.
Integrating Neutrophil‐To‐Albumin Ratio and Triglycerides: A Novel Indicator for Predicting Spontaneous Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Bao Jiajia , Ma Mengmeng , Wu Kongyuan , Wang Jian , Zhou Muke , Guo Jian , Chen Ning , Fang Jinghuan , He Li
Published: December 2024

Background

Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a tragic complication of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), with spontaneous HT (sHT) occurring even without reperfusion therapies. Despite evidence suggesting that several inflammation biomarkers are closely related to HT, its utility in sHT risk stratification remains unclear. This study aimed to identify and integrate effective inflammatory biomarkers associated with sHT and to develop a novel nomogram model for the early detection of sHT.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of AIS patients receiving conventional medical treatment solely from March 2022 to March 2023, using a prospectively maintained database. All patients underwent CT follow‐up within 7 days after admission, with sHT occurrence within this period as the outcome. Data on demographics, clinical information, laboratory results, and imaging were collected. The cohort was divided into training and validation sets (7:3). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression selected inflammatory biomarkers for a novel index. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to identify independent sHT risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis determined optimal cut‐off values for continuous factors. A nomogram was developed and validated internally and externally. Predictive accuracy was assessed using the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and calibration plots. Decision curve analysis (DCA) evaluated clinical usefulness.

Results

Of 803 AIS patients, 325 were included in the final analysis. sHT was found in 9.5% (31 patients). Training (n = 228) and validation (n = 97) cohorts showed no significant demographic or clinical differences. LASSO regression integrated neutrophil‐to‐albumin ratio (NAR) and triglycerides (TGs) into a novel index—NATG. Independent sHT risk factors included baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (OR = 1.09, 95% CI (1.02, 1.16), p = 0.0095), NATG (OR = 1534.87, 95% CI (5.02, 469638.44), p = 0.0120), D‐dimer (DD) (OR = 1.12, 95% CI (1.01, 1.25), p = 0.0249), and total cholesterol (TC) (OR = 1.01, 95% CI (1.00, 1.01), p = 0.0280), with their respective optimal cut‐off values being 13, 0.059, 0.86, and 3.6. These factors were used to develop the nomogram in the training cohort, which achieved an AUC of 0.804 (95% CI, 0.643–0.918) in the training cohort and 0.713 (95% CI, 0.499–0.868) in the validation cohort, demonstrating consistent calibration. DCA confirmed the nomogram's clinical applicability in both cohorts.

Conclusions

A novel indicator combining NAR and TG is positively associated with sHT in AIS patients. The constructed nomogram, integrating this novel indicator with other risk factors, provides a valuable tool for identifying sHT risk, aiding in clinical decision‐making.
Exploring the Synergistic Effects of Erinacines on Microglial Regulation and Alzheimer's Pathology Under Metabolic Stress
Authors: Bui Van Thanh , Wu Kuan‐Wei , Chen Chin‐Chu , Nguyen Anh Thuc , Huang Wei‐Jan , Lee Li‐Ya , Chen Wan‐Ping , Huang Chi‐Ying , Shiao Young‐Ji
Published: December 2024

Background

Hericium erinaceus mycelium and its constituents, erinacines A and S, have shown neuroprotective effects in APP/PS1 transgenic mice; however, the precise mechanisms by which they modulate microglial phenotypes remain unclear. Our study is the first to explore the effect of erinacines on microglia morphology and the underlying mechanisms using a novel primary mixed glia cell model and advanced bioinformatic tools. Furthermore, we emphasize the clinical relevance by evaluating erinacines in a metabolically stressed APP/PS1 mouse model, which more accurately reflects the complexities of human Alzheimer's disease (AD), where metabolic syndrome is a common comorbidity.

Methods

Rat primary mixed glial cultures were used to simulate the spectrum of microglial phenotypes, particularly the transition from immature to mature states. Microarray sequencing, along with Connectivity Map, ConsensusPathDB, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, identified pathways influenced by erinacines. The therapeutic efficacy was further evaluated in metabolically stressed APP/PS1 mice.

Results

Erinacines significantly promoted the development of a ramified, neuroprotective microglial phenotype. Bioinformatics revealed potential modulation of microglia via histone deacetylase inhibition, actin filament dynamics, and synaptic structure modification—pathways not previously linked to erinacines in AD. Importantly, erinacines significantly lower fasting blood glucose and insulin levels while reducing amyloid‐beta plaque burden, suppressing hyperactivated glial responses, and enhancing neurogenesis in the metabolically stressed APP/PS1 mice.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate the dual action of erinacines in modulating microglia morphology and phenotype while providing neuroprotection in a model that closely mimic the complexities of human Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, this study provides the foundation for understanding the potential mechanisms of action of erinacines, highlighting their promise as a novel treatment approach for Alzheimer's, particularly in cases complicated by metabolic dysfunction.
Functional Segregation‐Integration Preference Configures the Cognitive Decline Against Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: An MRI Study
Authors: Hu Wentao , Wang Yao , Xie Zhenhui , Liu Mianxin , Han Xu , Hu Ying , Wang Xingrui , Dai Yongming , Xu Qun , Zhou Yan
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is highly prevalent in elder individuals, and its variable cognitive outcomes indicate some cognitive reserve mechanisms. Contribution from functional network features is still unclear. Here we explore how functional segregation‐integration preference influences the cognitive changes against CSVD.

Materials and Methods

A total of, 271 CSVD patients were included, all underwent MRI scans including routine and resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI). Hierarchical balance index (HB) was obtained from the rs‐fMRI connectivity using eigenmode‐based approach. Individuals were classified into segregated and integrated groups according to negative and positive HB. A composite CSVD lesion score was calculated from imaging findings. Global and five specific cognitive functions were assessed.

Results

Hierarchical regression analysis revealed negative contribution from lesion load to global and all cognitive domains (β = −0.22~−0.35, ∆R2 = 0.046~0.112, all p < 0.001). Inclusion of HB did not show significant contribution (all p > 0.05), but interaction between HB and lesion score was significantly associated with global (β = −0.27, ∆R2 = 0.013, p = 0.034) and execution score (β = −0.34, ∆R2 = 0.023, p = 0.002). Integrated patients show significant better global cognitive (23.9 ± 3.9 vs. 25.5 ± 3.1, p = 0.044) and executive ability (0.235 ± 0.678 vs. 0.535 ± 0.688, p = 0.049) at mild damage stage, visuospatial (−0.001 ± 0.804 vs. 0.379 ± 0.249, p = 0.034) and language ability (−0.133 ± 0.849 vs. 0.218 ± 0.704, p = 0.037) at moderate damage stage. Cross‐overs of cognitive scores were observed. Significant better execution (−0.277 ± 0.717 vs. −0.675 ± 0.883, p = 0.027) was found in severe damage stage for segregated patients.

Conclusion

Thus, we concluded that integrated network contributes to cognitive resilience in mild and moderate but not in severe damage stages.
tsRNAs: A Prospective, Effective Therapeutic Intervention for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Li Tianqi , Zhen Hui , Wu Weiwei , Yang Fengtang , Cao Zhonghong
Published: December 2024

Background

Neurological disorders known as neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) result in the slow loss of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS), as well as the collapse of neural networks in terms of structure and function. NDDs are expected to surpass cancer as the second biggest cause of mortality by 2040, according to World Health Organization (WHO) estimations. Neurons cannot effectively regenerate themselves because they are terminally differentiated. Accordingly, it is challenging to find medications that could stop or slow neurodegeneration.

Main body

The tsRNAs are a type of small non‐coding RNAs derived from mature tRNAs or tRNA precursors. tsRNAs control gene expression and have a role in many physiological and pathological processes, including neurological illnesses. Antisense oligonucleotides are effective therapeutic agents for neurological diseases, and they may be the treatment of choice for neurodegenerative diseases in the future. Here, we review the biogenesis of tsRNA, its physiological and pathological functions in the central nervous system and neurological disorders, and its prospective use as a nucleic acid medication to treat NDDs, providing theoretical support and guidance for further exploration of tsRNAs in therapeutic intervention.

Conclusion

tsRNAs are emerging as important regulatory molecules in neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the functions of tsRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases may provide new insights into disease mechanisms and lead to the development of novel treatment strategies.
Internal hernia in patients after duodenal switch: A multi‐centred comparative analysis
Authors: Lind Romulo P. , Goncalves Graziella Galvao , Belluzzi Amanda , Hage Karl , Antunes Juliana , Ghanem Muhammad , Jawad Muhammad A. , Kendrick Michael , Ghanem Omar M. , Teixeira Andre F.
Published: December 2024

Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD‐DS) and single anastomosis duodeno‐ileostomy with sleeve (SADI‐S) are associated with superior and sustained weight loss outcomes. Despite their growing popularity, long‐term safety profiles, particularly the risk of internal hernia (IH), remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of IH following BPD‐DS and SADI‐S procedures, comparing their clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and outcomes. A retrospective chart review was performed for patients who underwent BPD‐DS or SADI‐S between 2008 and 2023 in two high‐volume tertiary referral centres for bariatric surgery in the United States. Demographic data, comorbidities, operative details, and follow‐up outcomes were collected. A subgroup analysis of IH cases was conducted to compare the incidence, location of hernias, and diagnostic modalities between procedures. Out of 1160 patients (85.1% BPD‐DS; 14.9% SADI‐S), the overall incidence of IH was 1.12%, with a higher rate in BPD‐DS (0.8%) than in SADI‐S (0.57%). Most IHs occurred within the first 24 months postoperatively. The majority of IHs in BPD‐DS patients were in the pseudo‐Petersen's space. The single IH case in the SADI‐S group occurred in the same space. Most patients presented with abdominal pain and were diagnosed by CT imaging. SADI‐S showed a lower IH rate compared to BPD‐DS, but further studies are needed to confirm these findings. The variability in clinical presentation complicates the diagnosis of IH, emphasizing the need for increased clinical vigilance.
Navigating access and benefit sharing in international trade of endemic species: The case of Colombia's poison frogs (Dendrobatidae)
Authors: Forero‐Medina German , Acevedo Luz Dary , Balcazar Andrés , Delgado Marcela , DeGemmis Alfred , Lieberman Susan , Arroyave Felber
Published: December 2024

Wildlife is an important global commodity that generates significant revenue along the supply chain, including economic benefits in range states for sought‐after species. However, international trade in wild species is often associated with over‐exploitation and illegal extraction. To regulate, monitor, and ensure the sustainability of such trade, over 180 countries have ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Using national data collected through CITES processes, we undertook a network analysis to evaluate the structure and dynamics of international trade in six CITES‐listed species of Colombian endemic poison frogs (Dendrobatidae). We assessed the magnitude of the international trade and the countries that were reporting legal imports/exports, both before and after Colombia allowed legal exports of these species, to examine the changes associated with Colombia's export legalization and to draw conclusions about the country's role and benefits from trade in these species. Our analyses show that, for over two decades, international trade of CITES‐listed species likely in contravention of the Convention resulted in significant exports—and likely greater financial benefits—accruing in non‐range states through reported captive breeding programs. Although the market was reconfigured when Colombia legalized the export of certain endemic frog species, non‐range states with founder stocks obtained from unknown and possibly illegal sources continue to account for a significant portion of the trade volume of some species (mostly, Phyllobates spp.). We discuss the importance of enforcing regulations and collaborations that promote better traceability of international commerce of endemic species to ensure the legitimacy of transactions, economic benefits for origin countries, and the conservation of species in the wild.
Perceived parenting styles and adolescents' problematic internet use: Examining the parent–child same‐sex matching effect
Authors: Ying Jiefeng , Liu Sihan , Ren Yizhen , Shi Jialin , Wu Xinchun
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study examined how perceived parenting styles (i.e., rejection, emotional warmth) are linked to adolescents' problematic internet use (PIU) through emotion regulation strategies (i.e., expressive suppression, cognitive reappraisal). The same‐sex matching effect (i.e., matching between parents and adolescents of the same sex) was explored.

Background

PIU is a significant public health concern for adolescents. Although the theoretical connection between family factors and PIU is recognized, the specific associations of negative and positive parenting styles of both fathers and mothers with PIU in adolescent boys and girls remain unclear.

Method

A national sample of 2,690 Chinese adolescents (47.5% male; mean age = 13.75 years, SD = 2.72) from 37 primary and high schools participated, completing self‐report measures.

Results

Expressive suppression mediated only the relation between maternal rejection and PIU, whereas cognitive reappraisal mediated the relations between both maternal and paternal emotional warmth and PIU. A same‐sex matching effect was observed between fathers and sons.

Conclusion

Both perceived paternal and maternal parenting styles are associated with adolescents' PIU through emotion regulation strategies.

Implications

Both mothers and fathers are advised to minimize rejection while simultaneously improving emotional warmth. The unique influence of fathers on their sons' PIU requires further exploration. Clinicians are encouraged to prioritize interventions that enhance cognitive reappraisal and reduce expressive suppression when working with adolescents experiencing PIU.
Spirituality and Work‐Related Outcomes Among Nurses During the COVID Pandemic: An Observational Study
Authors: Atashzadeh‐Shoorideh Foroozan , Taylor Elizabeth Johnston , Ghadirian Fataneh
Published: December 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to identify the spiritual responses of nurses providing direct patient care during the COVID pandemic and explore how religious/spiritual struggles are associated with selected nurse outcomes.

Methods

A quantitative, cross‐sectional observational study was conducted, based on the STROBE checklist, with 364 registered nurses recruited via convenience sampling between January 24 and March 12, 2022, in hospitals in Iran admitting COVID‐19 patients. Data were collected through a self‐report questionnaire, including the Moral Injury Symptom Scale–Health Professionals, Religious/Spiritual Struggles Scale‐Short Form, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Job Satisfaction Scale, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, Turnover Intention Scale, and Employee Engagement Scale.

Results

Nurses reported high levels of moral injury during the pandemic, with an average score of 43.79 ± 15.20. Religious/spiritual struggles were generally low, with demonic struggles scoring the lowest (0.36 ± 0.68) and ultimate meaning struggles the highest (1.54 ± 0.99). Posttraumatic growth scores for spiritual change were moderately high (26.17 ± 4.73). Work‐related burnout was moderate (64.31 ± 100.00), intention to leave was low (8.84 ± 3.92), and job satisfaction was moderate (3.67 ± 1.75).

Conclusion

The study found that nurses experienced both positive and negative spiritual responses during the pandemic. While most nurses reported a high level of moral injury and moderate job satisfaction, they experienced low religious/spiritual struggles and some spiritual growth. Incorporating spirituality into nursing practice may enhance professional fulfilment and nurse outcomes.
Unmarried Americans vote more Democratic than their married counterparts: The role of race and religiosity in the marital gap (a research brief )
Authors: Vilbig Karyn , England Paula , Hout Michael
Published: December 2024

Objective

We investigate how differences in the characteristics of married and unmarried (never‐married and divorced) voters contribute to a marital gap—unmarried voters are more likely to vote for Democratic presidential candidates. We also explore why the marital gap has grown over the past 40 years.

Background

Research in the 1980s discovered that unmarried Americans are more likely to choose Democratic presidential candidates. We show that these gaps have persisted, and the gap between married and never‐married voters has grown.

Methods

We performed a decomposition of levels examining never‐married/married and divorced/married gaps, combining data from the 1985–2022 General Social Surveys. Because the gap between married and never‐married voters increased substantially between the 1984 and 2020 elections, we also performed a decomposition of change on the never‐married/married gap.

Results

The largest factor contributing to gaps between married and unmarried voters is their different racial compositions. Unmarried voters are disproportionately Black, and Black voters overwhelmingly support Democrats. Among non‐Black voters, differences in religiosity contribute to marital gaps because less religious voters are more likely to be unmarried and to vote Democratic. The gap between married and never‐married voters has increased since the 1980s in part because never‐married voters became more diverse (with a smaller percent White) at a faster rate than married voters.

Conclusion

Since the 1980s, gaps by marital status in whether voters choose Democrats have become an enduring feature of American politics. These gaps are influenced by racial and religious differences in who enters into and remains in marriage.