bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hodgkin lymphoma: 2016 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Ansell Stephen M.
Published: March 2016

Disease overview: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon B‐cell lymphoid malignancy affecting 9,050 new patients annually and representing approximately 11.2% of all lymphomas in the United States. Diagnosis: HL is composed of two distinct disease entities; the more commonly diagnosed classical HL and the rare nodular lymphocyte predominant HL. Nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte depletion, and lymphocyte‐rich HL are subgroups under the designation of classical HL. Risk stratification: An accurate assessment of the stage of disease in patients with HL is critical for the selection of the appropriate therapy. Prognostic models that identify patients at low or high risk for recurrence, as well as the response to therapy as determined by positron emission tomography (PET) scan, are used to optimize therapy. Risk‐Adapted Therapy: Initial therapy for HL patients is based on the histology of the disease, the anatomical stage and the presence of poor prognostic features. Patients with early stage disease are typically treated with combined modality strategies utilizing abbreviated courses of combination chemotherapy followed by involved‐field radiation therapy, while those with advanced stage disease receive a longer course of chemotherapy often without radiation therapy. Management of relapsed/refractory disease: High‐dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is the standard of care for most patients who relapse following initial therapy. For patients who fail HDCT with ASCT, brentuximab vedotin, PD‐1 blockade, nonmyeloablative allogeneic transplant or participation in a clinical trial should be considered. Am. J. Hematol. 91:435–442, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conarticular congruence of the hominoid subtalar joint complex with implications for joint function in Plio‐Pleistocene hominins
Authors: Prang Thomas C.
Published: March 2016

Objective

The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that conarticular surfaces areas and curvatures are correlates of mobility at the hominoid talocalcaneal and talonavicular joints.

Materials and Methods

Articular surface areas and curvatures of the talonavicular, anterior talocalcaneal, and posterior talocalcaneal joints were quantified using a total of 425 three‐dimensional surface models of extant hominoid and fossil hominin tali, calcanei, and naviculars. Quadric surface fitting was used to calculate curvatures, pairwise comparisons were used to evaluate statistical differences between taxa, and regression was used to test for the effects of allometry.

Results

Pairwise comparisons show that the distributions of values for joint curvature indices follow the predicted arboreal‐terrestrial morphocline in hominoid primates with no effect of body mass (PGLS p > 0.05). OH 8 (Homo habilis) and LB 1 (Homo floresiensis) can be accommodated within the range of human variation for the talonavicular joint, whereas MH2 (Australopithecus sediba) falls within the ranges of variation for Pan troglodytes and Gorilla gorilla in measures of posterior talocalcaneal joint congruity.

Conclusions

Joint curvature indices are better discriminators than joint surface area indices, which may reflect a greater contribution of rotation, rather than translation, to joint movement in plantigrade taxa due to discrepancies in conarticular congruence and the “convex‐concave” rule. The pattern of joint congruence in Au. sediba contributes to other data on the foot and ankle suggesting that the lateral side of the foot was more mobile than the medial side, which is consistent with suggestions of increased medial weight transfer associated with hyperpronation. Am J Phys Anthropol 160:446–457, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carpal bones of Nacholapithecus kerioi, a Middle Miocene Hominoid From Northern Kenya
Authors: Ogihara Naomichi , Almécija Sergio , Nakatsukasa Masato , Nakano Yoshihiko , Kikuchi Yasuhiro , Kunimatsu Yutaka , Makishima Haruyuki , Shimizu Daisuke , Takano Tomo , Tsujikawa Hiroshi , Kagaya Miyuki , Ishida Hidemi
Published: March 2016

Objectives

The carpal bones of the middle Miocene hominoid Nacholapithecus kerioi are described based on new materials.

Materials and Methods

The materials comprise a trapezoid, three capitates, two hamates, a centrale, a lunate, a triquetrum, and a pisiform, collected during the 2001 and 2002 field seasons from Nachola, Kenya. We also describe a pisiform recently assigned to the type specimen of N. kerioi, KNM‐BG 35250.

Results

In the Nacholapithecus wrist, the ulnar styloid process articulates with both the triquetrum and pisiform, and the triquetrum facet on the hamate is relatively proximodistally oriented in dorsal view. The Nacholapithecus capitate possesses a moderate distopalmar hook‐like process and separated radial articular facets for the trapezoid and the second metacarpal due to the carpometacarpal ligament attachment that is absent in the Proconsul capitate.

Discussion

The carpal anatomy of Nacholapithecus is similar to that of the early Miocene hominoid Proconsul. However, Nacholapithecus wrist anatomy appears to exhibit slightly more emphasized stability. Am J Phys Anthropol 160:469–482, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antibiotikaresistenzen gezielt überwinden
Authors: Chellat Mathieu F. , Raguž Luka , Riedl Rainer
Published: March 2016

Neue Strategien zur Bekämpfung von Antibiotikaresistenzen zu finden, ist eine der größten globalen Herausforderungen für die Gesundheitssysteme. In den letzten Jahrzehnten gab es eine drastische Zunahme an humanpathogenen Bakterien, die resistent gegen Antibiotika sind. Immer mehr Infektionen, die durch resistente Mikroorganismen verursacht werden, lassen sich nicht mehr mit konventionellen Behandlungen kurieren, und selbst Reserveantibiotika verlieren ihre Wirkung. Zusätzlich sind die Entwicklungsströme an neuen Antibiotika aus der pharmazeutischen Industrie in den letzten Jahrzehnten versiegt. Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation hat mit ihrem Aufruf “Combat drug resistance: no action today means no cure tomorrow” eine Zunahme der Forschungsaktivitäten auf diesem Gebiet stimuliert, und mehrere neue, vielversprechende Strategien zur Wiederherstellung antibiotischer Behandlungsoptionen konnten seitdem entwickelt werden.
A Hydrazone‐Based exo‐Directing‐Group Strategy for β C−H Oxidation of Aliphatic Amines
Authors: Huang Zhongxing , Wang Chengpeng , Dong Guangbin
Published: March 2016

Described is a new hydrazone‐based exo‐directing group (DG) strategy developed for the functionalization of unactivated primary β C−H bonds of aliphatic amines. Conveniently synthesized from protected primary amines, the hydrazone DGs are shown to site‐selectively promote the β‐acetoxylation and tosyloxylation via five‐membered exo‐palladacycles. Amines with a wide scope of skeletons and functional groups are tolerated. Moreover, the hydrazone DG can be readily removed, and a one‐pot C−H acetoxylation/DG removal protocol was also discovered.
Targeting Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Chellat Mathieu F. , Raguž Luka , Riedl Rainer
Published: March 2016

Finding strategies against the development of antibiotic resistance is a major global challenge for the life sciences community and for public health. The past decades have seen a dramatic worldwide increase in human‐pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to one or multiple antibiotics. More and more infections caused by resistant microorganisms fail to respond to conventional treatment, and in some cases, even last‐resort antibiotics have lost their power. In addition, industry pipelines for the development of novel antibiotics have run dry over the past decades. A recent world health day by the World Health Organization titled “Combat drug resistance: no action today means no cure tomorrow” triggered an increase in research activity, and several promising strategies have been developed to restore treatment options against infections by resistant bacterial pathogens.
Evaluation of alginate dialdehyde as a suitable crosslinker on modifying porcine acellular dermal matrix: The aggregation of collagenous fibers
Authors: Zhu Shichen , Gu Zhipeng , Hu Yang , Dan Weihua , Xiong Shanbai
Published: March 2016

Porcine acellular dermal matrix (PADM) has been investigated widely as a natural biomaterial. However, the success of PADM has been limited by insufficient stability and poor physicochemical properties. In our work, alginate dialdehyde (ADA) with various oxidation degrees (OD = 25%, 45%, and 65%) were explored to modify PADM, while glutaraldehyde (GA), dehydrathermal treatment (DHT), and carbodiimide (EDC) were used as the control. The efficacy of ADA on modifying PADM increased along with the rising of oxidation degree. The ADA (OD = 65% and 45%) groups showed better mechanical and thermal stability, crosslink density, and resistance to enzymatic degradation than ADA (OD = 25%) and DHT + EDC group. Meanwhile, the structure of PADM crosslinked by ADA (OD = 45% and 65%) were maintained largely. Further, ADA (OD = 45%) group revealed better cytocompatibility than DHT + EDC, ADA (OD = 65%) and GA group. Considering the balance of cytocompatibility and physicochemical behavior, ADA (OD = 45%) was more suitable as a natural derived crosslinker to modify PADM in tissue engineering. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43550.
Thermo‐responsive polyurethane hydrogels based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(caprolactone): Physico‐chemical and mechanical properties
Authors: Polo Fonseca Lucas , Bergamo Trinca Rafael , Isabel Felisberti Maria
Published: March 2016

In this work, we present the synthesis and characterization of chemically crosslinked polyurethanes (PU) composed of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(caprolactone) diol (PCL‐diol), as hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments respectively, poly(caprolactone) triol (PCL‐triol), to induce hydrolysable crosslinks, and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). The syntheses were performed at 45 °C, resulting in polyurethanes with different PEG/PCL‐diol/PCL‐triol mass fractions. All the PUs are able to crystallize and their thermal properties depend on the global composition. The water uptake capacities of the PU increase as the PEG amount increases. The water into hydrogels is present in different environments, as bounded, bulk and free water. The PU hydrogels are thermo‐responsive, presenting a negative dependence of the water uptake with the temperature for PEG rich networks, which gradually changes to a positive behavior as the amount of poly(caprolactone) (PCL) segments increases. However, the water uptake capacity changes continuously without an abrupt transition. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses of the hydrogel morphology after lyophilization revealed a porous structure. Mechanical compression tests revealed that the hydrogels present good resilience and low recovery hysteresis when they are subject to cycles of compression–decompression. In addition, the mechanical properties of the hydrogels varies with the composition and crosslinking density, and therefore with the water uptake capacity. The PU properties can be tuned to fit for different applications, such as biomedical applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43573.
Atypical effective connectivity of thalamo‐cortical circuits in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Chen Heng , Uddin Lucina Q. , Zhang Youxue , Duan Xujun , Chen Huafu
Published: March 2016

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopment disorder characterized by atypical connectivity within and across multiple brain systems. We aimed to explore information transmission from the sensory periphery to information processing centers of the brain across thalamo‐cortical circuits in ASD. A large multicenter dataset from the autism brain imaging data exchange was utilized. A thalamus template derived from the Automatic Anatomic Labeling atlas was subdivided into six subregions corresponding to six cortical regions using a “winner‐takes‐all” strategy. Granger causality analysis (GCA) was then applied to calculate effective connectivity from subregions of the thalamus to the corresponding cortical regions. Results demonstrate reduced effective connectivity from the thalamus to left prefrontal cortex (P = 0.023), right posterior parietal cortex (P = 0.03), and bilateral temporal cortex (left: P = 0.014; right: P = 0.015) in ASD compared with healthy control (HC) participants. The GCA values of the thalamus‐bilateral temporal cortex connections were significantly negatively correlated with communication scores as assessed by the autism diagnostic observation schedule in the ASD group (left: P = 0.037; right: P = 0.007). Age‐related analyses showed that the strengths of the thalamus‐bilateral temporal cortex connections were significantly positively correlated with age in the HC group (left: P = 0.013; right: P = 0.016), but not in the ASD group (left: P = 0.506; right: P = 0.219). These results demonstrate impaired thalamo‐cortical information transmission in ASD and suggest that atypical development of thalamus‐temporal cortex connections may relate to communication deficits in the disorder. Autism Res 2016, 9: 1183–1190. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of polymorphisms of genes associated with folate‐mediated one‐carbon metabolism and neural tube defects in Chinese Han Population
Authors: Piao Wei , Guo Jin , Bao Yihua , Wang Fang , Zhang Ting , Huo Junsheng , Zhang Kunlin
Published: March 2016

Background

The polymorphism of genes involved in folate‐mediated one‐carbon metabolism may be a risk factor for neural tube defects (NTDs). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the genes BHMT, CUBN, FTCD, GAMT, GART, SARDH, SHMT1, and MUT, and their effect on NTDs in the Chinese Han population.

Methods

A total of 270 NTDs cases and 192 controls were enrolled in this study. The SNPs were analyzed with the next‐generation sequencing method. The folate levels of brain tissues from 113 available NTDs cases and 123 available controls were measured.

Results

Next‐generation sequencing identified 818 single nucleotide variants, including 214 SNPs used for further analysis. Statistical analysis showed that two independent SNP loci, rs2797840 and rs2073817 in SARDH, may be associated with the susceptibility of NTDs. Specifically, the minor allele G of rs2797840 was significantly associated with NTDs risk in spina bifida subgroup (p value = 0.0348). For subjects whose folate content was measured, the protective allele G of rs2797840 was significantly associated with increased folate content of brain. rs2797840 is within several ENCODE regulatory regions, indicating this SNPs may influence expression of SARDH.

Conclusion

The SNPs rs2797840 and rs2073817 in SARDH may serve as an indicator for the occurrence of NTDs in the Chinese Han population, and rs2797840 may also be an indicator for folate content of brain. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:232–239, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decline of cell viability and mitochondrial activity in mouse skeletal muscle cell in a hypomagnetic field
Authors: Fu Jing‐Peng , Mo Wei‐Chuan , Liu Ying , He Rong‐Qiao
Published: March 2016

Hypomagnetic field (HMF), one of the key environmental risk factors for astronauts traveling in outer space, has previously been shown to repress locomotion of mammalians. However, underlying mechanisms of how HMF affects the motor system remains poorly understood. In this study, we created an HMF (<3 μT) by eliminating geomagnetic field (GMF, ∼50 μT) and exposed primary mouse skeletal muscle cells to this low magnetic field condition for a period of three days. HMF‐exposed cells showed a decline in cell viability relative to GMF control, even though cells appeared normal in terms of morphology and survival rate. After a 3‐day HMF‐exposure, glucose consumption of skeletal muscle cells was significantly lower than GMF control, accompanied by less adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) content and higher ADP/ATP ratio. In agreement with these findings, mitochondrial membrane potential of HMF‐exposed cells was also lower, whereas levels of cellular Reactive Oxygen Species were higher. Moreover, viability and membrane potential of isolated mitochondria were reduced after 1 h HMF‐exposure in vitro. Our results indicate that mitochondria can directly respond to HMF at functional level, and suggest that HMF‐induced decline in cell functionality results from a reduction in energy production and mitochondrial activity. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:212–222, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of a two‐part regression calibration to adjust for dietary exposure measurement error in the Cox proportional hazards model: A simulation study
Authors: Agogo George O. , van der Voet Hilko , van't Veer Pieter , van Eeuwijk Fred A. , Boshuizen Hendriek C.
Published: March 2016

Dietary questionnaires are prone to measurement error, which bias the perceived association between dietary intake and risk of disease. Short‐term measurements are required to adjust for the bias in the association. For foods that are not consumed daily, the short‐term measurements are often characterized by excess zeroes. Via a simulation study, the performance of a two‐part calibration model that was developed for a single‐replicate study design was assessed by mimicking leafy vegetable intake reports from the multicenter European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. In part I of the fitted two‐part calibration model, a logistic distribution was assumed; in part II, a gamma distribution was assumed. The model was assessed with respect to the magnitude of the correlation between the consumption probability and the consumed amount (hereafter, cross‐part correlation), the number and form of covariates in the calibration model, the percentage of zero response values, and the magnitude of the measurement error in the dietary intake. From the simulation study results, transforming the dietary variable in the regression calibration to an appropriate scale was found to be the most important factor for the model performance. Reducing the number of covariates in the model could be beneficial, but was not critical in large‐sample studies. The performance was remarkably robust when fitting a one‐part rather than a two‐part model. The model performance was minimally affected by the cross‐part correlation.
The predictive distribution of the residual variability in the linear‐fixed effects model for clinical cross‐over trials
Authors: Bertsche Anja , Nehmiz Gerhard , Beyersmann Jan , Grieve Andrew P.
Published: March 2016

In the linear model for cross‐over trials, with fixed subject effects and normal i.i.d. random errors, the residual variability corresponds to the intraindividual variability. While population variances are in general unknown, an estimate can be derived that follows a gamma distribution, where the scale parameter is based on the true unknown variability. This gamma distribution is often used for the sample size calculation for trial planning with the precision approach, where the aim is to achieve in the next trial a predefined precision with a given probability. But then the imprecision in the estimated residual variability or, from a Bayesian perspective, the uncertainty of the unknown variability is not taken into account. Here, we present the predictive distribution for the residual variability, and we investigate a link to the F distribution. The consequence is that in the precision approach more subjects will be necessary than with the conventional calculation. For values of the intraindividual variability that are typical of human pharmacokinetics, that is a gCV of 17–36%, we would need approximately a sixth more subjects.
Capping β‐hairpin with N‐terminal d‐amino acid stabilizes peptide scaffold
Authors: Makwana Kamlesh M. , Mahalakshmi Radhakrishnan
Published: March 2016

Various strategies exist to stabilize de novo designed synthetic peptide β‐hairpins or β‐sheets structures, especially at the non‐hydrogen bonding position. However, strategies to stabilize strand termini, which are affected by fraying, are highly limited. Here, by substituting N‐terminal aliphatic amino acid with its mirror image counterpart, we achieve a significant increase in scaffold stabilization, resulting from the formation of a terminal aliphatic–aromatic hydrophobic CH…pi cluster. Our extensive solution NMR studies support the incorporation of an N‐terminal d‐aliphatic amino acid in the design of short β‐hairpins, while successfully retaining the overall structural scaffold. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 260–266, 2016.
Strategies for tonal and atonal musical interpretation in blind and normally sighted children: an fMRI study
Authors: Guerrero Arenas Coral , Hidalgo Tobón Silvia S. , Dies Suarez Pilar , Barragán Pérez Eduardo , Castro Sierra Eduardo , García Julio , de Celis Alonso Benito
Published: March 2016

Introduction

Early childhood is known to be a period when cortical plasticity phenomena are at a maximum. Music is a stimulus known to modulate these mechanisms. On the other hand, neurological impairments like blindness are also known to affect cortical plasticity. Here, we address how tonal and atonal musical stimuli are processed in control and blind young children. We aimed to understand the differences between the two groups when processing this physiological information.

Results

Atonal stimuli produced larger activations in cerebellum, fusiform, and temporal lobe structures than tonal. In contrast, tonal stimuli induced larger frontal lobe representations than atonal. Control participants presented large activations in cerebellum, fusiform, and temporal lobe. A correlation/connectivity study showed that the blind group incorporated larger amounts of perceptual information (somatosensory and motor) into tonal processing through the function of the anterior prefrontal cortex (APC). They also used the visual cortex in conjunction with the Wernicke's area to process this information. In contrast, controls processed sound with perceptual stimuli from auditory cortex structures (including Wernicke's area). In this case, information was processed through the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex and not the APC. The orbitofrontal cortex also played a key role for atonal interpretation in this group.

Discussion

Wernicke′s area, known to be involved in speech, was heavily involved for both groups and all stimuli. The two groups presented clear differences in strategies for music processing, with very different recruitment of brain regions.
The developing human brain: age‐related changes in cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar anatomy
Authors: Sussman Dafna , Leung Rachel C. , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Lerch Jason P. , Taylor Margot J.
Published: March 2016

Introduction

This study is the first to characterize normal development and sex differences across neuroanatomical structures in cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar brain regions in a single large cohort.

Methods

One hundred and ninety‐two magnetic resonance images were examined from 96 typically developing females and 96 age‐matched typically developing males from 4 to 18 years of age. Image segmentation of the cortex was conducted with CIVET, while that of the cerebellum, hippocampi, thalamus, and basal ganglia were conducted using the MAGeT algorithm.

Results

Cortical thickness analysis revealed that most cortical regions decrease linearly, while surface area increases linearly with age. Volume relative to total cerebrum followed a quadratic trend with age, with only the left supramarginal gyrus showing sexual dimorphism. Hippocampal relative volume increased linearly, while the thalamus, caudate, and putamen decreased linearly, and the cerebellum did not change with age. The relative volumes of several subcortical subregions followed inverted U‐shaped trends that peaked at ~12 years of age. Many subcortical structures were found to be larger in females than in males, independently of age, while others showed a sex‐by‐age interaction.

Conclusion

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar growth patterns during normal development, and draws attention to the role of sex on neuroanatomical maturation throughout childhood and adolescence.
New Alkaloids and α‐Glucosidase Inhibitory Flavonoids from Ficus hispida
Authors: Shi Zheng‐Feng , Lei Chun , Yu Bang‐Wei , Wang He‐Yao , Hou Ai‐Jun
Published: March 2016

Two new pyrrolidine alkaloids, ficushispimines A (1) and B (2), a new ω‐(dimethylamino)caprophenone alkaloid, ficushispimine C (3), and a new indolizidine alkaloid, ficushispidine (4), together with the known alkaloid 5 and 11 known isoprenylated flavonoids 6 – 16, were isolated from the twigs of Ficus hispida. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Isoderrone (8), 3′‐(3‐methylbut‐2‐en‐1‐yl)biochanin A (11), myrsininone A (12), ficusin A (13), and 4′,5,7‐trihydroxy‐6‐[(1R*,6R*)‐3‐methyl‐6‐(1‐methylethenyl)cyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐yl]isoflavone (14) showed inhibitory effects on α‐glucosidase in vitro.
Detection of a specific pattern of hyaluronan oligosaccharides and their binding proteins in human ovarian tumour
Authors: Kolapalli Srinivasa Prasad , Nunna Venatrao , Thomas Anil , Mortha Karuna Kumar , Banerjee Shib Das , Boregowda Rajeev K
Published: March 2016

Tumour cells generate hyaluronan (HA) oligomers (O‐HA) by an autocrine mechanism to regulate their own behaviour through receptor interaction, necessitating analysis of HA sizes and its receptor expression in tumour progression. In this study for the first time, we identified specific size of HA in malignant ovarian tumour compared to benign tumour tissue. Therefore, we prepared the identified HA probes and conducted multiplex and monoplex ligand blot analysis and Immunohistochemistry to identify their receptor expression and distribution. Although, HA recognized CD44 as principle receptors despite of size, multiplex analysis showed multiple receptor expression with distribution at the tumour cell surface. Furthermore, the HA 6‐mer (major O‐HA of ovarian tumour) pull down of tumour tissue proteins showed 120 kDa protein along with CD44 with over expression in the malignant tumour. Upon depletion of CD44 protein HA 6‐mer showed a major 120 kDa protein with distribution at nuclear membrane, suggesting that this protein may play an important role in ovarian tumour progression. In summary, ovarian tumour cells of different grade showed heterogeneity in generation of HA oligomers and their interaction with specific receptors. Therefore, simultaneous analysis of O‐HA and their receptors expression could serve as a prognostic indicator during tumorigenesis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Significance of the Study

Down regulation of hyaluronan (HA) at tumour epithelial cells results in the generation of O‐HA. Increasing evidence about O‐HA biological functions (mainly in vitro) are available, but we lack information of O‐HA sizes generated during tumorigenesis and less information is available about their receptor interaction. We used biochemical approaches and identified that tumour cells of different grade possessing heterogeneity in generation of O‐HA and specificity towards receptor binding. We identified a new receptor for HA 6‐mer that over express in cancer tissue that shows its role in tumour progression. Collectively, simultaneous identification of HA sizes and their receptors could serve as a prognostic marker.
The Impact of Linker Length on P450 Fusion Constructs: Activity, Stability and Coupling
Authors: Hoffmann Sara M. , Weissenborn Martin J. , Gricman Łukasz , Notonier Sandra , Pleiss Jürgen , Hauer Bernhard
Published: March 2016

Three different reductases have been fused to CYP153 monooxygenase from Marinobacter aquaeolei. The most promising candidate has been analysed in terms of its linker part, which connects the reductase with the haem domain through sequence alignment of the corresponding reductase family CYP116B. To improve the artificial fusion construct, the linker length has been varied, thereby only altering the non‐conserved middle part of the linker. This way seven artificial fusion constructs have been engineered, which varied in linker length between 11 and 32 amino acids (“natural” is 16). These variations showed a substantial impact on the fusion construct. The best mutant, extended by two amino acids, showed an improved activity (67 %), higher stability (67 % more active haem domain after 2 h) and a coupling efficiency of 94 % (55 % higher than before). Presented in this paper is an approach to find and optimise artificial fusion constructs for P450 monooxygenases.
Hierarchical NaY Zeolites for Lactic Acid Dehydration to Acrylic Acid
Authors: Lari Giacomo M. , Puértolas Begoña , Frei Matthias S. , Mondelli Cecilia , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier
Published: March 2016

The industrial viability of heterogeneous catalysts for the gas‐phase conversion of lactic acid to acrylic acid will strongly depend on their selectivity and durability. Here, we initially screened various aluminum‐rich zeolites confirming that NaY is the most efficient catalyst for this reaction. This material was modified by sequential dealumination and alkaline treatment attaining a solid featuring a hierarchical distribution of micro‐ and mesopores, reduced Lewis acidity, and increased basicity owing to the presence of well‐dispersed sodium ions interacting with external siloxy groups, as evidenced by in‐depth characterization. These properties were crucial for determining higher selectivity (75 %) and minimizing the activity loss in a 6 h run. Remarkably, the catalyst gained in selectivity and stability upon reuse in consecutive cycles. This was ascribed to the depletion of the stronger basic sites and the clustering of sodium into oxidic particles upon the intermediate calcination.
Total Synthesis, Stereochemical Assignment, and Field‐Testing of the Sex Pheromone of the Strepsipteran Xenos peckii
Authors: Zhai Huimin , Hrabar Michael , Gries Regine , Gries Gerhard , Britton Robert
Published: March 2016

The sex pheromone of the endoparasitoid insect Xenos peckii (Strepsiptera: Xenidae) was recently identified as (7E,11E)‐3,5,9,11‐tetramethyl‐7,11‐tridecadienal. Herein we report the asymmetric synthesis of three candidate stereostructures for this pheromone using a synthetic strategy that relies on an sp3–sp2 Suzuki–Miyaura coupling to construct the correctly configured C7‐alkene function. Comparison of 1H NMR spectra derived from the candidate stereostructures to that of the natural sex pheromone indicated a relative configuration of (3R*,5S*,9R*). Chiral gas chromatographic (GC) analyses of these compounds supported an assignment of (3R,5S,9R) for the natural product. Furthermore, in a 16‐replicate field experiment, traps baited with the synthetic (3R,5S,9R)‐enantiomer alone or in combination with the (3S,5R,9S)‐enantiomer captured 23 and 18 X. peckii males, respectively (mean±SE: 1.4±0.33 and 1.1±0.39), whereas traps baited with the synthetic (3S,5R,9S)‐enantiomer or a solvent control yielded no captures of males. These strong field trapping data, in combination with spectroscopic and chiral GC data, unambiguously demonstrate that (3R,5S,9R,7E,11E)‐3,5,9,11‐tetramethyl‐7,11‐tridecadienal is the X. peckii sex pheromone.
Carbon Materials for Lithium Sulfur Batteries—Ten Critical Questions
Authors: Borchardt Lars , Oschatz Martin , Kaskel Stefan
Published: March 2016

Lithium–sulfur batteries are among the most promising electrochemical energy storage devices of the near future. Especially the low price and abundant availability of sulfur as the cathode material and the high theoretical capacity in comparison to state‐of‐the art lithium‐ion technologies are attractive features. Despite significant research achievements that have been made over the last years, fundamental (electro‐) chemical questions still remain unanswered. This review addresses ten crucial questions associated with lithium–sulfur batteries and critically evaluates current research with respect to them. The sulfur–carbon composite cathode is a particular focus, but its complex interplay with other hardware components in the cell, such as the electrolyte and the anode, necessitates a critical discussion of other cell components. Modern in situ characterisation methods are ideally suited to illuminate the role of each component. This article does not pretend to summarise all recently published data, but instead is a critical overview over lithium–sulfur batteries based on recent research findings.
A Self‐Assembled Metallomacrocycle Singlet Oxygen Sensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Walker Michael G. , Jarman Paul J. , Gill Martin R. , Tian Xiaohe , Ahmad Haslina , Reddy Pattubala A. N. , McKenzie Luke , Weinstein Julia A. , Meijer Anthony J. H. M. , Battaglia Giuseppe , Smythe Carl G. W. , Thomas Jim A.
Published: March 2016

Although metal‐ion‐directed self‐assembly has been widely used to construct a vast number of macrocycles and cages, it is only recently that the biological properties of these systems have begun to be explored. However, up until now, none of these studies have involved intrinsically photoexcitable self‐assembled structures. Herein we report the first metallomacrocycle that functions as an intracellular singlet oxygen sensitizer. Not only does this Ru2Re2 system possess potent photocytotoxicity at light fluences below those used for current medically employed systems, it offers an entirely new paradigm for the construction of sensitizers for photodynamic therapy.
Low‐Pressure Cobalt‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrovinylation of Vinylarenes
Authors: Movahhed Sohajl , Westphal Julia , Dindaroğlu Mehmet , Falk Anna , Schmalz Hans‐Günther
Published: March 2016

An efficient and practical protocol for the enantioselective cobalt‐catalyzed hydrovinylation of vinylarenes with ethylene at low (1.2 bar) pressure has been developed. As precatalysts, stable [L2CoCl2] complexes are employed that are activated in situ with Et2AlCl. A modular chiral TADDOL‐derived phosphine–phosphite ligand was identified that allows the conversion of a broad spectrum of substrates, including heterocyclic vinylarenes and vinylferrocene, to smoothly afford the branched products with up to 99 % ee and virtually complete regioselectivity. Even polar functional groups, such as OH, NH2, CN, and CO2R, are tolerated.
Synthesis of the Strychnos Alkaloid (−)‐Strychnopivotine and Confirmation of its Absolute Configuration
Authors: Maertens Gaëtan , Canesi Sylvain
Published: March 2016

The first enantioselective synthesis of (−)‐strychnopivotine from a known and inexpensive phenol has been achieved in 15 steps. The strategy is based on a new diastereoselective aza‐Michael‐enol‐ether cascade desymmetrization of a dienone, guided by a removable lactic acid‐derived chiral auxiliary. Synthesis involves a phenol dearomatization, a conjugated silicon addition, a stereoselective double reductive amination, and two Heck‐type carbopalladations as key steps. The absolute configuration of the natural compound, which, to date, has been uncertain, was confirmed by using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and X‐ray analyses.
ChemInform Abstract: Swinging Symmetry, Multiple Structural Phase Transitions, and Versatile Physical Properties in RECuGa3 (RE: La—Nd, Sm—Gd).
Authors: Subbarao Udumula , Rayaprol Sudhindra , Dally Rebecca , Graf Michael J. , Peter Sebastian C.
Published: March 2016

LnCuGa3 (Ln: La—Nd, Sm—Gd) are prepared by either repeated arc melting of stoichiometric amounts of the elements or by induction heating (Ta ampoule, 1200—1350 °C, 50 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Defect Distribution on the Optical Storage Properties of Strontium Gallates with a Low‐Dimensional Chain Structure.
Authors: Wang Ting , Xu Xuhui , Zhou Dacheng , Yang Yong , Qiu Jianbei , Yu Xue
Published: March 2016

Polycrystalline samples of Sr1‐xGa2O4:xBi3+ (x = 0—0.03) are prepared by calcination of stoichiometric amounts of Sr2CO3, Ga2O3, and Bi2O3 in air and reducing 5%H2/N2 atmosphere (1200 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Baking ′Crumbly′ Carbon Nitrides with Improved Photocatalytic Properties Using Ammonium Chloride.
Authors: Savateev Aleksandr , Chen Zu Peng , Dontsova Dariya
Published: March 2016

NH4Cl is used as a green, unreactive, and reusable template to produce heptazine‐based graphitic C3N4 with surface areas of up to 30 m2/g by pyrolysis of a reaction mixture containing NH2CN and NH4Cl in ratios of 1:2, 1:5, and 1:10 under flowing N2 (550 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of the Novel Rare Earth Orthophosphates Y0.5Er0.5PO4 and Y0.5Yb0.5PO4.
Authors: Schildhammer Daniel , Petschnig Lucas L. , Fuhrmann Gerda , Heymann Gunter , Tribus Martina , Schottenberger Herwig , Huppertz Hubert
Published: March 2016

Polycrystalline Y0.5Er0.5PO4 (I) and Y0.5Yb0.5PO4 (II) are prepared by firing stoichiometric amounts of Y2O3, Yb2O3 (Er2O3), and (NH4)2HPO4 (Pt crucible, 1200 °C, 20 h), while single crystals are obtained by a flux method employing (NH4)2HPO4, PbO, and Ln2O3 (Ln: Y, Yb, Er) in the molar ratio of 50:48:2 (Pt crucible, 1200 °C, 30 h; cooling to 25 °C at a rate of 0.1 °C/min).
ChemInform Abstract: ε‐TiO, a Novel Stable Polymorph of Titanium Monoxide
Authors: Amano Shinsaku , Bogdanovski Dimitri , Yamane Hisanori , Terauchi Masami , Dronskowski Richard
Published: March 2016

Single crystals of the title polymorph are prepared by reaction of Ti and Bi2O3 in a Bi flux (Ti:O molar ratio of 1.0:0.9; BN or Al2O3 crucible in SUS 316 steel tubes, 1173 K, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination‐Driven Self‐Assembly of a 2D Graphite‐Like Framework Constructed from High‐Nuclear Ce10 Cluster Encapsulated Polyoxotungstates.
Authors: Ma Pengtao , Wan Rong , Wang Yueyan , Hu Feng , Zhang Dongdi , Niu Jingyang , Wang Jingping
Published: March 2016

(Me4N)14H2 [CeIII(H2O)6]{ [CeIV7CeIII3O6 (OH)6(CO3)(H2O)11] [(P2W16O59)] 3}·41H2O is obtained by coordination‐driven self‐assembly in aqueous solutions containing CeCl3, isonicotinic acid, Na12[P2W15O56], and trace amounts of Na2CO3 at pH 4.5 (pH adjusted with NaOH, 60 °C, 1 h) followed by addition of Me4NCl (slow evaporation, ≈7 d; 48% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: A2+ Cation Control of Chiral Domain Formation in A(TiO)Cu4(PO4)4 (A: Ba, Sr).
Authors: Kimura Kenta , Sera Masakazu , Kimura Tsuyoshi
Published: March 2016

Transparent, blue single crystals of the novel title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of BaCO3 or SrCO3, TiO2, CuO, and NH4H2PO4 in a Na2Mo2O7 flux (Pt crucible, 1000 °C, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Desymmetrization of Prochiral Allenic Diols via Cooperative Catalysis of Pd(OAc)2 and a Chiral Phosphoric Acid.
Authors: Cao Kou‐Sen , Zheng Wen‐Hua
Published: March 2016

The title reaction allows the preparation of optically active disubstituted dihydrofurans (II) through Pd‐mediated 5‐endo‐trig cyclization of allenic alcohols (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid Catalyzed Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective One‐Pot Three Component Mannich Reaction.
Authors: Barbero Margherita , Cadamuro Silvano , Dughera Stefano
Published: March 2016

An axially chiral derivative of 1,2‐benzenedisulfonamide is shown to be an efficient catalyst in an one pot three‐component Mannich protocol.
ChemInform Abstract: Cinchona Alkaloid Squaramide‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Michael Addition of α‐Aryl Isocyanoacetates to β‐Trifluoromethylated Enones and Its Applications in the Synthesis of Chiral β‐Trifluoromethylated Pyrrolines.
Authors: Zhao Mei‐Xin , Zhu Hui‐Kai , Dai Tong‐Lei , Shi Min
Published: March 2016

This is the first example of a successful approach of the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Aminoalkyl and Hydroxylaminoalkyl Furans.
Authors: Kazancioglu Mustafa Zahrittin , Akin Kazancioglu Elif , Secen Hasan , Altundas Ramazan
Published: March 2016

The novel photooxygenation of furan derivatives provides ozonide‐like intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Enhanced Reactivity of Aerobic Diimide Olefin Hydrogenation with Arylboronic Compounds: An Efficient One‐Pot Reduction/Oxidation Protocol.
Authors: Santra Surojit , Guin Joyram
Published: March 2016

A catalyst‐free aerobic hydrogenation is developed which can be applied to various classes of compounds bearing a large variety of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Versatile (Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium‐2,2′‐bipyridine (Cp*Rh‐bpy) Catalyst for Transfer Hydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles in Water.
Authors: Zhang Lingjuan , Qiu Ruiying , Xue Xiao , Pan Yixiao , Xu Conghui , Li Huanrong , Xu Lijin
Published: March 2016

A new and efficient protocol for the transfer hydrogenation of N‐heterocycles is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct C—H Trifluoromethylation of Glycals by Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Wang Bang , Xiong De‐Cai , Ye Xin‐Shan
Published: March 2016

Fac‐Ir(ppy)3 is used as photocatalyst, Umemoto′s reagent as CF3‐source, and a household blue LED or sunlight as light source.
ChemInform Abstract: K2S2O8‐Mediated Metal‐Free Direct C—H Functionalization of Quinones Using Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Ilangovan Andivelu , Polu Ashok , Satish Gandhesiri
Published: March 2016

Direct functionalization of benzoquinones is achieved using aryl radicals generated from arylboronic acids and K2S2O8.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis Azide—Triphenylphosphine as a Reagent for Esterification at Room Temperature.
Authors: Dinesh Murugan , Archana Sivasubramaniyan , Ranganathan Raja , Sathishkumar Murugan , Ponnuswamy Alagusundaram
Published: March 2016

Iminophosphoranes generated in situ from bis azides and trialkylphosphites or triphenylphosphine are applied in the esterification of various carboxylic acids under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot, Three‐Component, Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Novel 7‐Amino‐Substituted 4‐Aminopyrazolo[1,5‐a][1,3,5]triazine‐8‐carbonitriles.
Authors: Lim Felicia Phei Lin , Luna Giuseppe , Dolzhenko Anton V.
Published: March 2016

The facile catalyst‐free one‐pot protocol allows the synthesis of the title species from aminopyarzoles (I), orthoformate (II), and cyanamide in short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Straightforward Synthesis of Functionalized (E)‐3‐Acylacrylic Acids.
Authors: Sivak Ivan , Vaclav Jakub , Berkes Dusan , Kolarovic Andrej
Published: March 2016

Starting from various carboxylic acid esters an efficient two‐step route to (E)‐3‐acylacrylic acids via the corresponding ketophosphonates is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Process: Synthesis of Symmetrical Diarylalkynes, cis‐and trans‐Alkenes Using Lithium Acetylide as a Synthon.
Authors: Krishna Jonnada , Krishna Reddy Alavala Gopi , Satyanarayana Gedu
Published: March 2016

The commercially available lithium acetylide ethylenediamine complex (I) is used as building block for the synthesis of symmetrical diarylalkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed α‐Alkylation of Ketones with Alcohols.
Authors: Elangovan Saravanakumar , Sortais Jean‐Baptiste , Beller Matthias , Darcel Christophe
Published: March 2016

A Knoelker‐type iron complex is used as catalyst for the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Catalyzed Efficient Amide Formation from Aldehydes and Amines.
Authors: Wang Peng , Xia Jiaxuan , Gu Yueqing
Published: March 2016

The operationally simple radical oxidative amidation of aldehydes with amines shows good functional group tolerance and provides the corresponding amides in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Contrasting Reactivity of CS2 with Cyclic vs. Acyclic Amidines.
Authors: Ang M. Trisha C. , Phan Lam , Alshamrani Aliyah K. , Harjani Jitendra R. , Wang Ruiyao , Schatte Gabriele , Mosey Nicholas J. , Jessop Philip G.
Published: March 2016

The title reactions are investigated in detail.
ChemInform Abstract: A Metal Free Chlorothiolation Strategy for Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfides from Internal Alkynoates.
Authors: Surineni Naresh , Buragohain Pori , Saikia Bishwajit , Barua Nabin C. , Baruah Rajani K.
Published: March 2016

A facile protocol for the chlorodithiolation of alkynoates to give vinyl sulfides, which are further oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopentanone‐Fused Spirooxindoles by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Homoenolate Annulation with Isatilidenes.
Authors: Patra Atanu , Bhunia Anup , Yetra Santhivardhana Reddy , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Biju Akkattu T.
Published: March 2016

The approach involves the generation of homoenolate intermediates which undergo a formal [3+2] annulation reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent‐Iodine‐Mediated Synthesis of 1,2‐Dispirodienones: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations.
Authors: Hromjakova Tatiana , Retailleau Pascal , Grimaud Laurence , Gandon Vincent , Chabaud Laurent , Guillou Catherine
Published: March 2016

The oxidation of phenol acetanilides involves the formation of a carbocationic species leading to either [6,5,6] tricyclic title dispirodienones (most cases) or a [6,6,6] tricyclic aryl spirodienone (some cases, depending on the substituents on the phenol acetanilide and the reaction conditions).
ChemInform Abstract: Skeletal Transformation of α‐Pyrones Having Electron‐Withdrawing Groups at 3,5‐Positions into Ring‐Fused Dihydrofurans.
Authors: Tanaka Toru , Miura Takuya , Inoue Shoki , Iwasaki Hiroki , Ozeki Minoru , Kojima Naoto , Yamashita Masayuki
Published: March 2016

Using dimethylsulfoxonium methylide as the methylene‐transfer reagent, various α‐pyrones are converted into dihydrofurans as major products and 1‐methylthiopyran‐1‐oxides as minor products.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopentadiene Construction via Rh‐Catalyzed Carbene/Alkyne Metathesis Terminated with Intramolecular Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Zheng Yang , Mao Jincheng , Weng Yuecheng , Zhang Xiaolu , Xu Xinfang
Published: March 2016

A new dirhodium‐catalyzed intramolecular carbene cascade reaction for the construction of bicyclic cyclopentadiene frameworks is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver Catalyzed Cascade Carboxylation and Cyclization of Trimethyl(2‐methylenebut‐3‐yn‐1‐yl)silane Derivatives.
Authors: Sekine Kohei , Sadamitsu Yuta , Yamada Tohru
Published: March 2016

The use of aromatic ring‐substituted alkynes selectively affords 2‐furanone derivatives by 5‐exo‐dig cyclization, whereas 2‐pyrone derivatives are obtained with high selectivity utilizing alkyl‐substituted alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synergistic Acid‐Promoted Synthesis of Highly Substituted Butenolides via the Annulation of Keto Acids and Tertiary Alcohols.
Authors: Mao Wenbin , Zhu Chen
Published: March 2016

The synergistic effect of the combination of a Lewis acid and a Broensted acid is essential for the reaction outcome.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Direct C2‐Benzylation of Indoles with Alkylarenes.
Authors: Zhang Hui‐Jun , Su Feng , Wen Ting‐Bin
Published: March 2016

The highest yields are obtained with 3‐bromo‐substituted indoles and 2‐pyrimidyl group as directing group.
ChemInform Abstract: Through‐Space 1,4‐Palladium Migration and 1,2‐Aryl Shift: Direct Access to Dibenzo[a,c]carbazoles Through a Triple C—H Functionalization Cascade.
Authors: Bhunia Samir Kumar , Polley Arghya , Natarajan Ramalingam , Jana Ranjan
Published: March 2016

The title carbazoles are obtained from readily available arylindoles and diaryliodonium salts via an unexpected “through‐space” 1,4‐palladium migration through remote C—H activation and 1,2‐aryl shift by a triple C—H activation cascade.
ChemInform Abstract: FeIII‐Catalyzed Cross‐Dehydrogenative Arylation (CDA) Between Oxindoles and Arenes under an Air Atmosphere.
Authors: Wu Hong‐Ru , Huang Hong‐Yan , Ren Chuan‐Li , Liu Li , Wang Dong , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: March 2016

3‐Substituted oxindoles are arylated with electron‐rich aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds using aerobic oxygen as oxidant affording 3,3′‐disubstituted oxindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Free N‐Arylation of Pyrazoles with Diaryliodonium Salts.
Authors: Gonda Zsombor , Novak Zoltan
Published: March 2016

N‐arylpyrazoles are rapidly obtained using aqueous ammonia as mild base without an inert atmosphere.