bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Os espaços da Libras em contextos artístico-culturais e literários e a formação de tradutores e intérpretes de Libras-português
Authors: Albres Neiva De Aquino
Published: November 2020

Procuramos investigar os diferentes espaçostempos educativos para a aprendizagem de performances artísticas em língua de sinais, como também os processos tradutórios e interpretativos. Este trabalho inscreve-se no campo teórico dos Estudos da Tradução e dos Estudos da Tradução de Língua de Sinais, em suas subáreas didática e formação. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo descritiva, com abordagem teórica dialógica (BAKHTIN, 2017). A pesquisa caracteriza-se como documental, fundamentada em dados primários. O estudo é desenvolvido com base nos cursos superiores de formação de Tradutores e intérpretes de Libras/Língua Portuguesa (TILSP) no Brasil entre os anos 2008 e 2019, a fim de realizar o levantamento de suas matrizes curriculares e extrair do conteúdo das disciplinas que são relacionados à arte e cultura, o que contribuiria para a atuação como TILSP na esfera artística. Os resultados apontam: o evidente crescimento do contexto artístico-cultural enquanto campo de trabalho em Florianópolis, absorvendo, principalmente, alunos egressos do curso.
As categorias de evidencialidade em Wa’ikhana (Tukano Oriental)
Authors: Cezario Bruna
Published: November 2020

Este artigo traz uma análise do sistema de evidenciais da língua Wa’ikhana (Piratapuyo, Tukano Oriental). Evidencialidade pode ser definida como uma categoria gramatical que indica a fonte de informação de uma declaração (AIKHENVALD, 2004, p. 1). Línguas da família Tukano Oriental são conhecidas por terem sistemas de evidenciais complexos. A partir da análise feita, é possível verificar que os evidenciais da língua Wa’ikhana podem ser classificados em quatro categorias, com base em critérios semânticos e sintáticos e com destaque para as suas diferentes funções. A metodologia usada neste trabalho foi a de análise qualitativa de um corpus de dados primários. Os dados, em sua maioria, provêm do Acervo Linguístico-Cultural do Povo Wa’Ikhana e foram analisados a partir de uma perspectiva funcional-tipológica (GIVÓN, 2001; CROFT, 2003; PAYNE, 2006). O principal objetivo deste artigo é descrever detalhadamente cada categoria de evidencial identificada, especificando seu valor pragmático-semântico e sua relação com outras categorias gramaticais na língua, como aspecto e modo.
Políticas linguísticas na área indígena dos Karipuna do Amapá: o caso do kheuól
Authors: Sanches Romário Duarte , Day Kelly Cristina Nascimento
Published: November 2020

Este artigo apresenta as políticas linguísticas in vitro e in vivo nas aldeias indígenas da etnia Karipuna do Amapá, localizadas na região fronteiriça entre Brasil e Guiana francesa. Como referencial teórico, adotam-se conceitos e questões amplamente discutidos por Haugen (1972), Rousseau (2005), Calvet (1996), Shohamy (2006), Spolky (2004), Robillard (1997), entre outros, relacionadas ao campo de políticas linguísticas, com destaque para aquelas destinadas às populações indígenas brasileiras. Os resultados apresentados provêm da análise de dados quantitativos e qualitativos coletados por meio de questionário sociolinguístico aplicado a 36 indígenas bilíngues (falantes de português e kheuól) da etnia Karipuna do Amapá. A partir desses dados foi possível observar quais políticas são reivindicadas ao poder público e quais estão sendo implementadas pela comunidade em prol da manutenção do kheuól nas comunidades Karipuna.
O português indígena sateré-mawé: um projeto de pesquisa sociolinguística
Authors: Simas Hellen Cristina Picanço , Lucchesi Dante
Published: November 2020

O artigo apresenta uma proposta de pesquisa sociolinguística do português indígena sateré-mawé, situado no município de Parintins, no Estado do Amazonas, bem como seus primeiros resultados empíricos, com a identificação de aspectos da morfossintaxe dessa variedade linguística supostamente derivados do contato entre línguas. A pesquisa é baseada em uma amostra de fala vernácula coletada, de acordo com as técnicas de pesquisa de campo da Sociolinguística variacionista, nas comunidades indígenas, com 16 falantes bilíngues em sateré-mawé e português. O artigo também faz uma descrição socioeconômica, demográfica e etnográfica do povo sateré-mawé e discute o conceito de português indígena e as implicações do seu estudo para o conhecimento da diversidade etnolinguística do país e para o ensino de língua de português nas comunidades indígenas.
Turning the Stimulus On and Off Changes the Direction of α Traveling Waves
Authors: Pang (庞兆阳) Zhaoyang , Alamia Andrea , VanRullen Rufin
Published: November 2020

Traveling waves have been studied to characterize the complex spatiotemporal dynamics of the brain. Several studies have suggested that the propagation direction of α traveling waves can be task dependent. For example, a recent electroencephalography (EEG) study from our group found that forward waves (i.e., occipital to frontal, FW waves) were observed during visual processing, whereas backward waves (i.e., frontal to occipital, BW waves) mostly occurred in the absence of sensory input. These EEG recordings, however, were obtained from different experimental sessions and different groups of subjects. To further examine how the waves’ direction changes between task conditions, 13 human participants were tested on a target detection task while EEG signals were recorded simultaneously. We alternated visual stimulation (5-s display of visual luminance sequences) and resting state (5 s of black screen) within each single trial, allowing us to monitor the moment-to-moment progression of traveling waves. As expected, the direction of α waves was closely linked with task conditions. First, FW waves from occipital to frontal regions, absent during rest, emerged as a result of visual processing, while BW waves in the opposite direction dominated in the absence of visual inputs, and were reduced (but not eliminated) by external visual inputs. Second, during visual stimulation (but not rest), both waves coexisted on average, but were negatively correlated. In summary, we conclude that the functional role of α traveling waves is closely related with their propagating direction, with stimulus-evoked FW waves supporting visual processing and spontaneous BW waves involved more in top-down control.
Complementary Inhibitory Weight Profiles Emerge from Plasticity and Allow Flexible Switching of Receptive Fields
Authors: Agnes Everton J. , Luppi Andrea I. , Vogels Tim P.
Published: November 2020

Cortical areas comprise multiple types of inhibitory interneurons, with stereotypical connectivity motifs that may follow specific plasticity rules. Yet, their combined effect on postsynaptic dynamics has been largely unexplored. Here, we analyze the response of a single postsynaptic model neuron receiving tuned excitatory connections alongside inhibition from two plastic populations. Synapses from each inhibitory population change according to distinct plasticity rules. We tested different combinations of three rules: Hebbian, anti-Hebbian, and homeostatic scaling. Depending on the inhibitory plasticity rule, synapses become unspecific (flat), anticorrelated to, or correlated with excitatory synapses. Crucially, the neuron's receptive field (i.e., its response to presynaptic stimuli) depends on the modulatory state of inhibition. When both inhibitory populations are active, inhibition balances excitation, resulting in uncorrelated postsynaptic responses regardless of the inhibitory tuning profiles. Modulating the activity of a given inhibitory population produces strong correlations to either preferred or nonpreferred inputs, in line with recent experimental findings that show dramatic context-dependent changes of neurons' receptive fields. We thus confirm that a neuron's receptive field does not follow directly from the weight profiles of its presynaptic afferents. Our results show how plasticity rules in various cell types can interact to shape cortical circuit motifs and their dynamics.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurons in sensory areas of the cortex are known to respond to specific features of a given input (e.g., specific sound frequencies), but recent experimental studies show that such responses (i.e., their receptive fields) depend on context. Inspired by the cortical connectivity, we built models of excitatory and inhibitory inputs onto a single neuron, to study how receptive fields may change on short and long time scales. We show how various synaptic plasticity rules allow for the emergence of diverse connectivity profiles and, moreover, how their dynamic interaction creates a mechanism by which postsynaptic responses can quickly change. Our work emphasizes multiple roles of inhibition in cortical processing and provides a first mechanistic model for flexible receptive fields.
FARKLI BOYUTLARDA KİNOA KEPEK UNU KULLANIMININ BİSKÜVİLERİN FİZİKSEL, DUYUSAL VE TEKSTÜREL ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: ERİNÇ Hakan
Published: November 2020

Kinoa, mükemmel besin değeri nedeniyle insan diyeti için oldukça önemlidir. Ancak, kinoanın teknolojik uygulamaları, glutensiz yapısı nedeniyle daha az ilgi görmüştür. Ayrıca kinoa yan ürünü olan kinoa kepeği esas olarak hayvan yemi olarak kullanılsa da insan sağlığı üzerinde olumlu etkisi olan potansiyel bir diyet lifi kaynağıdır. Bu çalışmada farklı boyutlarda kinoa kepek unu kullanımının bisküvilerin fiziksel, tekstürel ve duyusal özellikleri üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, kinoa kepekleri değirmende 5 farklı boyutta öğütülmüş ve buğday unundan yapılmış bisküvilere %25 oranında eklenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre kinoa kepek ununun boyutları küçüldükçe örneklerin kuru madde oranı artış göstermiştir. Yine kepek unu boyutlarının küçülmesi ile bisküvilerin dış parlaklık değerlerinde artış gözlenmiştir. Bisküvilerin tekstür ve duyusal özelliklerinde kinoa eklenmesi sonucunda azalış belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma farklı boyutlardaki kinoa kepek unu ile zenginleştirilen bisküvilerin özelliklerinde meydana gelen değişimleri ortaya koymuştur.
Erector Spinae Plane Fascial Block in Multiple Rib Fractures (Case Report)
Authors: Sharipova V. Kh. , Fokin I. V. , Sattarova F. K. , Parpibayev F. O.
Published: November 2020

The aim of the study: to improve the efficacy of erector spinae plane (ESP) fascial block for pain management in patients with multiple rib fractures. Materials and methods. We observed 4 patients with multiple rib fractures who were treated with ESP fascial block with subsequent prolonged administration of local anesthetic for pain relief. To evaluate the efficacy of the ESP block, the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain intensity, cough performance index and forced vital capacity (FVC), as well as a modified 3-item scale were used. The distribution of local anesthetic (10% lidocaine solution) and contrast (iohexol solution, 350 mg iodine/ml) media was analyzed by computed tomography and correlated with the data on reduced pain perception according to the thoracic vertebrae (Th) levels.Results. After the ESP block in patients with multiple rib fractures, we found a decrease in VAS pain intensity at rest by 3-4 points and on coughing by 3-6 points, an increase in cough performance by 1 point and in the modified 3-item scale by 1-3 points. The distribution of the local anesthetic solution was registered mainly in the cranial-caudal and anterior direction to the intertransversal space without significant leakage in lateral and medial directions. In all 4 cases the local anesthetic and contrast media spread from the catheter tip cranially several levels of thoracic vertebrae farther than in caudal direction.Conclusion. ESP block in patients with multiple rib fractures is a reasonably effective method of pain relief. Catheterization of the fascial plane of erector spinae muscle should be performed at the level of vertebra corresponding to the underlying fractured rib. The data obtained may serve as a basis for further studies with more patients included.
The mind-body problem(s) in Descartes’ “meditations” and Husserl’s “crisis” (Part1)
Authors: Leonov Andrii
Published: November 2020

The main topic of this paper is the mind-body problem. The author analyzes it in the context of Hus- serlian phenomenology. The key texts for the analysis and interpretation are Descartes’ magnum opus “Meditations on the First Philosophy” and Husserl’ last work “The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology”. The author claims that already in Descartes’ text instead of one mind-body problem, one can find two: the ontological mind-body problem (mind-brain relation) and conceptual one (“mind” and “body” as concepts). In Descartes’ “Meditations”, the ontological level is explicit, while the conceptual level is implicit. In Husserl’s “Crisis”, on the other hand, the situation is different: the conceptual level of the problem (as the opposition between transcendental phenom- enology and natural sciences) is explicit, while the ontological level is implicit. Nevertheless, it seems that Husserl has answers to both the “traditional” as well as the “conceptual” mind-body problems.
Large-sample confidence intervals of information-theoretic measures in linguistics
Authors: Lai Ryan Ka Yau , Do Youngah
Published: November 2020

This article explores a method of creating confidence bounds for information-theoretic measures in linguistics, such as entropy, Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD), and mutual information. We show that a useful measure of uncertainty can be derived from simple statistical principles, namely the asymptotic distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and the delta method. Three case studies from phonology and corpus linguistics are used to demonstrate how to apply it and examine its robustness against common violations of its assumptions in linguistics, such as insufficient sample size and non-independence of data points.
Ultra-weak photon emission: a nondestructive detection tool for food quality and safety assessment
Authors: Nematollahi Mohammad Amin , Alinasab Zahra , Nassiri Seyed Mehdi , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin
Published: November 2020

A new aspect covering interactions between cells and their surroundings via electromagnetic waves was introduced by applying ultra-weak photon emission (UPE). The UPE originates from the relaxation of electronically excited species resulting from oxidative metabolic processes and oxidative stress associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS plays a critical role in the quality of foods, and their determination is of extreme importance. The ROS and the intensity of the UPE have significantly correlated. The UPE can be effectively monitored by specific instruments such as photomultiplier tube and charged-coupled devices. The current review is devoted to providing an overview of the quality of food products by the aid of UPE via evaluating the correlations between UPE and food quality indices. In this regard, the UPE can be utilized in food quality as a real-time, noninvasive, and nondestructive technique without complex instruments. However, the implementation of the UPE method for evaluation of food quality needs further investigations.
Effect of micronutrients foliar supplementation on the production and eminence of plum (Prunus domestica L.)
Authors: Rafiullah  , Tariq M , Khan F , Shah A.H. , Fahad S , Wahid F , Ali J , Adnan M , Ahmad M , Irfan M , Zafar-ul-Hye M , Battaglia M.L. , Zarei Tayebeh , Salim I.A. , Datta R , Hafeez-u-Rehman  , Danish Subhan
Published: November 2020

Poor soil fertility due to continuous depletion of micronutrients is a major problem for the production of Prunus domestica L. Low level of soil organic matter and calcareous parent material decrease the bioavailability of these micronutrients to plum plants. Thus, less micronutrients uptake resulted in deterioration of plum fruit quality and decreased yield. On the other hand, balance and correct combination of micronutrients used as a foliar has potential to overcome this problem. Foliar application method provides plants a chance for rapid and easy uptake of micronutrients. Therefore, the present research was carried out to select the best combination of micronu-trients using foliar method. Aim of the study was to select a balanced combination of micronutrients for better production and improved quality of plum (Prunus domestica L., variety Fazal manai) fruit. Seven treatments in three replications were applied. Our results showed that the quality of fruit was significantly improved through the application of T6 micronutrients consortia. A significant increase in total soluble solids (16%), fruit yield per tree (92%) and fruit size (12%) validated the effectiveness of treatment T6 (Zn + Cu + Fe + Mn + B = 0.5% + 0.2% + 0.5% + 0.5% + 0.1%) over control. Application of treatment T6 also enhanced quality attributes, that is, juice acid-ity (22%), juice sugar (22%) and juice contents (16%), as compared to control. It is concluded that use of treatment T6 as a foliar application is a better approach for significant improvement in quality and yield attributes of plum in micronutrients deficient conditions.
PROSPECTS OF USING BY-PRODUCTS OF POTATO STARCH PRODUCTION AS COMPONENTS OF GROWTH MEDIA FOR LACTIC ACID BACTERIA CULTIVATION
Authors: Bezusov A. , Afanasieva T. , Dotsenko N. , Palvashova G.
Published: November 2020

The paper is concerned with the search for inexpensive alternative components of substrates of culture media for lactic acid bacteria. To be used in the food industry more extensively, lactobacilli should be produced in larger volumes. Bacteria-growing enterprises and those manufacturing probiotic preparations are interested in non-traditional components of growth media. However, it is quite a problem to create a cheap growth medium, because lactobacilli are very demanding of the content of certain components. Traditional culture media can include up to 40 components (peptones, yeast and vegetable extracts, vitamins, etc.). The research has proved that waste and by-products of potato starch production (potato juice and juice-containing water) can be used as components of a substrate to culture lactobacilli on. The strain used in the research was Lactobacillus plantarum 8R-A3. The growth kinetics of lactic acid bacteria has been analysed on different vegetable extracts. Tomato and cabbage extracts were used as traditional components of synthetic media to compare with. The findings have shown that on a substrate from by-products of potato starch production, after 96 hours of culturing at 37°C, the accumulation of Lactobacillus plantarum biomass is 20 g/l (on juice-containing water) and 25 g/l (on potato juice). Accumulation of bacteria wet weight has also been confirmed by determining the kinematic viscosity of the culture fluid. This parameter for potato juice after thermostatting was 6.77 mm2/s, which was somewhat higher than the viscosity of the tomato and cabbage extracts. It has been proved that by-products of potato processing ensure sufficient growth of lactic acid bacteria biomass. On the fourth day, the number of bacteria was 3·108 CFU/cm3. It has been shown how practical it is to use potato processing by-products as growth media substrates in culturing lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum.
Changes in hormonal balance as key to reserve degradation after dormancy overcoming in Annona macroprophyllata and Annona purpurea seeds
Authors: Ferreira Gisela , De-la-Cruz-Chacón Ivan , González-Esquinca Alma Rosa
Published: November 2020

Abstract Studies on the effect of the applying of phytoregulators to overcome seed dormancy have been carried out in Annonaceae species, thus the endogenous relationship between abscisic acid and gibberellins after the application of phytoregulators needs to be known in these species. Considering the importance of hormonal balance in dormancy mechanisms, the aim of this research was to elucidate how endogenous ABA and GA concentrations change after the application of phytoregulators in seeds and how these changes affect reserve degradation during germination of Annona macroprophyllata and A. purpurea seeds. Seeds were submitted to three conditions: - no soaking, soaking-in-water and soaking-in-GA4+7+benzyladenine. ABA, GA, lipids, proteins, and total soluble sugars were quantified at 0, 2, 5, 10, and 15 days after the beginning of treatments. The application of phytoregulators led change of the hormonal balance inducing increase in endogenous GA and reduction in ABA levels since seed soaking. During imbibition, the degradation of seed reserves (breaks proteins first, and then soluble sugars and finally lipids) was observed and complete germination was obtained after 10 days, with primary root emission. In both species, dormancy can be broken soon after seed dispersal when the balance between GA and ABA is endogenously changed (by exogenous application of phytoregulators), leading to metabolic reserve degradation and germination.
Efeitos da formação docente sobre resultados escolares do ensino médio
Authors: Costa Roberta , Britto Ariana , Waltenberg Fábio
Published: November 2020

Resumo Resultados escolares do ensino médio estão estagnados no Brasil. Em 2016, dados do Censo Escolar da Educação Básica mostravam que 21% dos professores do ensino médio brasileiro não possuíam formação superior compatível com nenhuma das disciplinas que lecionavam. Em que medida estes fenômenos se relacionam? É necessário que o professor tenha formação estritamente compatível com a disciplina lecionada para melhorar o resultado de alunos do ensino médio? Com base em um painel construído com o Censo Escolar da Educação Básica para os anos de 2007 a 2016, estima-se o impacto da proporção de docências sem formação superior compatível com as disciplinas lecionadas sobre resultados escolares. O principal resultado indica uma relação positiva e significativa com as taxas de abandono e de distorção idade-série. Problemas sistemáticos como abandono e atraso escolar no ensino médio parecem acentuar-se quando professores ministram disciplinas com as quais não possuem formação compatível.
Taxa de desemprego no Brasil em quatro décadas: retropolação da PNAD contínua de 1976 a 2016
Authors: Bacciotti Rafael , Marçal Emerson Fernandes
Published: November 2020

Resumo Este trabalho tem por objetivo retropolar a série de desemprego de forma a compatibilizar a Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua na frequência trimestral com as demais séries de desemprego brasileiras. O trabalho gera, a partir da metodologia de espaço estado multivariada uma série única que permite estimar a taxa de desemprego prevalecente no país desde 1976. A retropalação da série de emprego é feita utilizando as informações das seguintes pesquisas: Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego do Dieese, Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios. O trabalho contribui para a literatura ao retrapolar a séries para um horizonte temporal muito longo que cobre quarenta anos na frequência trimestral. A retropolação sugere que o pico histórico de desemprego no Brasil no período de 1979 a 2016 deu-se no ano de 2016.
“NOVAS” RELAÇÕES ENTRE CURRÍCULO E AVALIAÇÃO? RECOLOCANDO E REDIRECIONANDO O DEBATE
Authors: BAUER ADRIANA
Published: November 2020

RESUMO: Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir as relações que se estabelecem entre avaliação e currículo em diversos momentos do desenvolvimento do campo da avaliação educacional no Brasil e no exterior. Retoma como tais relações vêm se estabelecendo desde o século XIX, para argumentar que as tessituras entre avaliação e currículo sempre ocorreram, observando-se mudanças em suas características e propósitos. Discute resultados de pesquisas que constatam que as avaliações externas e em larga escala têm induzido práticas curriculares e pedagógicas nas escolas brasileiras, em diversos âmbitos administrativos, a fim de compreender em que medida existe um reducionismo e controle curricular. Tais discussões dão base para apontar a necessidade de se recolocar o debate para além da discussão sobre indução curricular, defendendo o imperativo de incorporar o debate sobre as finalidades e objetivos educacionais, bem como a análise do potencial de avaliações e currículos para efetuar a garantia constitucional ao direito à educação.
Conteúdo de Geociências em Livros Didáticos de Ciências do Ensino Fundamental I: Identificando a Presença e os Temas Abordados
Authors: Silva Cláudia Patrícia Araújo e , Souza Raquel Franco de
Published: November 2020

Resumo: Diversos pesquisadores apontam para a importância do conteúdo de Geociências na construção do currículo da escola básica. Apesar disso, ao longo das últimas décadas este conteúdo foi diminuído do currículo escolar, estando atualmente presente principalmente nas disciplinas de Ciências e Geografia, no Ensino Fundamental. Pesquisas nesta área concentram esforços em compreender as Geociências, sobretudo, no Ensino Fundamental II e Ensino Médio. Esta pesquisa, entretanto, buscou compreender a presença dos conteúdos de Geociências dentro das unidades temáticas propostas pela Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), no Ensino Fundamental I, utilizando para isso manuais didáticos de Ciências adotados pelo Plano Nacional do Livro Didático para a rede municipal de ensino de Natal. Para quantificação destes conteúdos, descreve-se uma metodologia de contagem utilizando-se incrementos de ¼ de página. Foi constatado que os conteúdos de Geociências estão significativamente presentes neste ciclo do ensino, distribuídos em todos os manuais analisados e em todas as unidades temáticas propostas pela BNCC.
Efeito da suplementação com óleo de avocado (Persea americana Mill) na temperatura superficial corpórea de equinos antes e após exercício em esteira
Authors: Carvalho M.G. , Akutagawa T.Y M. , Nitta T.Y. , Mazzante N.M.G. , Silva J.R.B. , Santarosa B.P. , Rodrigues C.A. , Hussni C.A. , Alves A.L.G. , Watanabe M.J.
Published: November 2020

RESUMO Oito equinos foram distribuídos em delineamento randomizado cruzado, sendo um grupo sem suplementação (GC) e outro grupo suplementado com óleo de avocado (GOAv) por um período de sete semanas. Ao fim da sexta semana, os animais foram submetidos a teste padrão de exercício progressivo (TPEP) e, após sete dias, a teste de baixa intensidade e longa duração (BILD). Após o primeiro ciclo, houve período de descanso “washout” de 30 dias para troca de grupos para o segundo ciclo, que seguiu o protocolo do primeiro. A termorregulação foi avaliada com base na temperatura retal e na temperatura superficial corpórea, obtidas por termografia, de 15 regiões de interesse. A temperatura retal e as imagens termográficas foram obtidas antes, um minuto e 15 minutos após o exercício. Não houve diferença entre os grupos GC e GOAv em nenhum momento. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo revelaram que a suplementação de 5% da matéria seca (MS) com óleo de avocado por seis e sete semanas não influenciou na termorregulação com base na temperatura superficial corpórea dos equinos submetidos ao teste padrão de exercício progressivo (TPEP) e ao exercício de baixa intensidade e longa duração (BILD), respectivamente.
Reconstrução e impressão 3D do neurocrânio de cão com o uso de tomografia computadorizada como ferramenta para auxiliar no ensino da anatomia veterinária
Authors: Bertti J.V.P. , Silveira E.E. , Assis Neto A.C.
Published: November 2020

RESUMO A impressão tridimensional (3D) vem contribuindo para o aprendizado da anatomia e para áreas aplicadas da medicina veterinária utilizando uma interface que pode valorizar o conhecimento da anatomia das espécies domésticas de maneira dinâmica. O presente trabalho objetivou utilizar imagens tridimensionais geradas por tomografias computadorizada (TC) para a obtenção de imagens digitalizadas e de modelos de ossos do crânio de cão por meio de uma impressora tridimensional. Foram gerados arquivos 3D de TC a partir de imagens que foram editadas pelo software Osirix Lite. Partes dos ossos e particularidades anatômicas do crânio foram impressas em escalas de 60% e 100%. Os resultados permitiram gerar imagens digitalizadas e impressões tridimensionais advindas das tomografias, e, assim, foi criado um acervo de imagens e modelos impressos para os estudos da anatomia do crânio da espécie canina. Além disso, a metodologia demonstrou claramente a importância para uso de planejamentos cirúrgicos nos casos de procedimentos que envolvam comprometimento de estruturas ósseas. Produziu-se um material interativo e impresso em 3D com maior durabilidade, o qual poderá ser disponibilizado para fins educacionais.
Influence of transcervical infusion of seminal plasma on the farrowing rate and litter size in artificially inseminated sows
Authors: Stančić I. , Radović I. , Dragin S. , Mirkov M. , Pihler I. , Horvatović M.P. , Apić J. , Zdraveski I.
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT Recent studies have focused on the use of seminal plasma to increase sow fertility after classical intracervical artificial insemination (AI). The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of seminal plasma infusion, prior to the application of conventional AI dose, on the fertility rate in sows. A total of 114 sows were treated with intrauterine infusion of 30ml seminal plasma (SP), while 114 control sows were infused by physiological solution (PS), immediately before the application of conventional AI dose. The experiment was conducted at one commercial pig farm in Serbia, which is comprised of 1,500 sows in the breeding herd. Intrauterine infusion of seminal plasma produced significantly (P<0.05) higher farrowing rate (93.8%) and significantly (P<0.01) more live-born piglets per litter (12.27), compared with the control sows (83.33% farrowing rate and 10.48 piglets). The present results show that intrauterine infusion of seminal plasma can be a useful tool for increasing the fertility rate in artificially inseminated sows, under the conditions of practical intensive pig production.
Production and nutritional quality of black oat forage grown in different population stands under a successive cutting regime
Authors: Dochwat A. , Neumann M. , Bumbieris Junior V.H. , Heker Junior J.C. , Cristo F.B. , Zdepski B.F. , Souza A.M. , Matchula A.F.
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the agronomic productive and qualitative traits of forage of black oats grown in different stands of plants. The experimental design was a 2 x 2 factorial randomized complete block design consisting of four treatments, two plant stands (175 and 350 plants m2) associated with two successive cutting periods (vegetative and full vegetative) and four replications. The stand of plants did not influence the production of dry biomass; with 175 plants m2, we obtained a compensatory effect by the greater number of tillers m2-1 and/or tiller plant-1. The population stand influenced the chemical parameters, where 175 plants m2 resulted in forage with higher contents of hemicellulose and total digestible nutrients and a lower content of neutral detergent fiber. In the comparison between cuts, the first cut compared to the second presented higher values of crude protein (26.53%). It is recommended that the black oat be cultivated with a population stand of 175 plants m2 for generating an increase in the number of tillers m2-1 and tillers plant-1, in addition to improving the in situ dry matter digestibility of the whole plant, without causing reduction of production of dry biomass per unit area.
Carboxymethylcellulose and psyllium effects in sand output of horses with asymptomatic sand accumulation
Authors: Alonso J.M. , Schmitt F.P. , Sousa F.A.L. , Rosa G.S. , Esper C.S. , Melo Neto G.B. , Vettorato M. , Fogaça J.L. , Pantoja J.C.F. , Watanabe M.J. , Alves A.L.G. , Rodrigues C.A. , Machado V.M.V. , Hussni C.A.
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Psyllium (PSY) and Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) administration on fecal elimination of sand in horses with asymptomatic sand accumulations. Eight horses were selected from sandy areas and randomly divided into 2 groups of four animals. The subjects were treated either with CMC or PSY. The presence of intestinal sand was confirmed through radiography and glove sedimentation test. The study was performed in two phases, with a 7-day interval. In phase I, all the animals received 8 liters of warm water; in phase II, the CMC group received 8 liters of water + 1g/kg of CMC, whereas the PSY group received 8 liters of water + 1g/kg of PSY. All administrations were performed through nasogastric intubation and fractionated in 2 equal volume administrations with an interval of two hours. General and specific physical examination of the digestive system were performed in conjunction with abdominal ultrasonography before the administrations and after 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours, aiming to evaluate intestinal motility and presence of sand. All the feces eliminated by the animals within the 72 hours following the administrations were quantified, diluted and sedimented in order to calculate the sand output (g/kg of feces). All the animals were also subjected to radiographic examination to quantify sand accumulation prior to phase I and after 72 hours of phases I and II. No adverse effects were observed after the treatments. It was possible to notice higher sand elimination in both groups during the phase I, whereas no difference was observed in sand elimination rates between the groups in phase II. The radiographic scores presented differences between the initial timepoint and 72h in phases I and II for both groups. Based on the sand elimination rates and radiographic score, this study demonstrated that sand output was greater after administration of water alone, compared to CMC and Psyllium, leading to the inference that removal of the sandy environment and prevention of sand re-ingestion are effective measures for the elimination of sand from the colon of horses with asymptomatic sand accumulations.
Abate halal com e sem insensibilização em ovinos: implicações sobre o bem-estar animal e a eficiência da sangria
Authors: Sterza A. , Falbo M.K. , Sandini I.E. , Pivatto D.D.
Published: November 2020

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as implicações sobre o bem-estar animal e a eficiência da sangria no abate halal com e sem insensibilização em ovinos. Foram avaliados 102 ovinos, em abate comercial, separados randomicamente pelo peso em dois grupos: com insensibilização (CI) e sem insensibilização (SI). Verificou-se que os animais sem insensibilização apresentaram sinais de endireitamento e vocalização após 20 segundos da degola. Houve diferença significativa para hemácias (P<0,01), hemoglobina (P<0,01), leucócitos totais (P<0,001), bem como para os biomarcadores de estresse, como CK (P<0,01) e lactato (P<0,001). Apesar de não apresentarem diferença estatística significativa, o LDH e o cortisol ficaram acima dos valores basais em ambos os grupos. Não foram observadas alterações séricas para glicose e AST. Houve diferença estatística significativa para eficiência da sangria (P<0,01). Os resultados demonstraram que houve estresse no abate halal com e sem insensibilização e melhor eficiência da sangria em animais não insensibilizados.
Glutamine use in feeding juvenile pirarucu, Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822)
Authors: Ramos A.P.S. , Luz J.R. , Melo J.F.B. , Braga L.G.T.
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate glutamine supplementation effects on variables of growth performance, body composition, intestinal morphology and enzymatic aspects of juvenile Arapaima gigas. Research was conducted at the Fish Nutrition and Feeding Laboratory, where 60 examples of pirarucu (initial average weight of 82.12g) were distributed over 15 polyethylene tanks (310L), in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and three repetitions (four fish per experimental unit). Experimental diets were prepared containing five inclusion levels of the amino acid glutamine (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%), supplied three times a day for 45 days. Quadratic effect was observed for the variables of growth performance, weight gain, food consumption, food conversion, and specific growth and protein efficiency rates. A significant effect was observed on intestinal villi at the height of the anterior portion and on activity of the enzyme’s alkaline proteases, lipase, amylase and aspartate aminotransferase. However, glutamine supplementation had no significant effect on survival rate. Inclusion of 1.02% of glutamine in the diets of juvenile pirarucu improved growth performance and influenced intestinal villi height and activity of important digestive enzymes, favoring nutrient digestion and absorption.
Supplementation of lamb ewes with different protein sources in deferred marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu) pasture
Authors: Gurgel A.L.C. , Difante G.S. , Emerenciano Neto J.V. , Costa M.G. , Dantas J.L.S. , Ìtavo L.C.V. , Ìtavo C.C.B.F. , Pereira M.G. , Rodrigues J.G. , Oliveira I.L.S. , Bezerra J.I.G.
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different protein sources on the performance of lamb ewes and their offspring supplemented in deferred pasture. The treatments were the different protein sources: soybean meal, cotton cake, babassu cake and coconut cake. The ewes were weighed and evaluated for their body condition score during the gestation, parturition and weaning phases. The lambs were weighed at birth and at weaning. The structural variables and chemical composition of the pasture were evaluated during the usage period. Grass height and forage mass were higher when the ewes were in the gestation and weaning stages. The leaf mass was not altered during the pasture usage with a mean value of 566.1kg ha-1 DM. The highest levels of crude protein in the leaf blade were observed during the parturition and weaning phases. The body weight of the ewes did not differ between the sources with averages 45.0, 39.9 and 36.6kg for the gestation, parturition and weaning phases, respectively. Weights at birth and at weaning had an effect from protein sources, with the highest values observed in the lambs of ewes who received soybean meal and babassu cake supplementation. The lambs of ewes supplemented with soybean had higher average daily gain and total gain. Babassu, coconut and cotton cakes can replace soybean meal in supplementation of ewes in deferred pasture.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated hematological alterations in small ruminants of D.G. Khan district of Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Lashari M.H. , Farooq U. , Mubeen S. , Hassan W. , Azhar M.F. , Shahida S. , Khan M.I. , Aslam S. , Masood S. , Anam M. , Wajid A. , Pervez M.T. , Akhtar M.S. , Farooq A.A. , Zafar S. , Nawaz M. , Gulshan A.B.
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT The present study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence and hematological effects of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goat in district Dera Ghazi Khan. Blood samples (n=204) were collected comprise goats (n=101) and sheep (n=103) alongwith age, gender and breeds of animals. Samples were collected randomly from 25 flocks of 7 different union council Viz. Vehova, Tibbi Qaisrani, Lakhani, Kohar, Tuman Qaisrani, Nutkani and Kot Qaisrani of Tehsil Taunsa Sharif at least 4 animals from each flock. All ruminants divide into three groups based on age, breed and gender. The prevalence was detected through two different kits Viz. LAT and ELISA kit. The overall prevalence suspected in goats through LAT and ELISA kit was (35.64%), (32.67%) and in sheep was (25.24%), (23.30%) respectively. The Toxoplasma gondii had a significant effect on goats in age groups and non-significant all other groups of goats and sheep. Toxoplasma gondii had a significant effect on all hematological parameters like Hemoglobin, total leukocyte cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, and red blood cells, except monocytes. In conclusion of the current study, toxoplasmosis is prevalent among ruminants, reveals the possibility of transmission to humans on the use of host animals as protein source.
Bloqueio motor e sensitivo da lidocaína ou da ropivacaína peridural em cães
Authors: Thomas L.D. , Francini L.A.T. , Sinotti J.F. , Chan W.S. , Druziani J.T. , Fukushima F.B.
Published: November 2020

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o bloqueio sensitivo e motor da administração peridural de 0,2mL/kg de duas concentrações de ropivacaína em comparação à lidocaína em cães. Utilizaram-se 24 cães, distribuídos em quatro grupos: NaCl a 0,9% (GS), lidocaína a 2% (GL), ropivacaína a 0,5% (GR5) e ropivacaína a 0,75% (GR7,5). Avaliaram-se a presença de movimentação espontânea, deambulação, sensibilidade superficial e profunda nos momentos cinco, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 e 300 minutos após peridural. O retorno à movimentação espontânea foi semelhante entre GL (42,50 ± 6,12) e GR7,5 (69,2 ± 58,9). O tempo para deambulação foi mais prolongado em GR7,5 (107,5 ± 79,3) que em GS (9,2 ± 3,8) e em GR5 (32,5 ± 20,9). O retorno da sensibilidade profunda foi maior em GR 7,5 (152,5 ± 89,2) que em GS (5,8 ± 2,0), GR5 (46,7 ± 46,3) e GL (52,5 ± 20,7). O tempo de retorno da sensibilidade superficial foi maior em GR7,5 (205,0 ± 129,3) que em GS (7,5 ± 2,7), GL (72,5 ± 19,9) e GR5 (97,5 ± 55,1). Apesar do retorno precoce da movimentação, ropivacaína 0,75% está relacionada a tempo prolongado de recuperação da função muscular e bloqueio sensitivo mais prolongado que lidocaína e ropivacaína 0,5%.
Frequência cardíaca, lactacidemia e gasto energético de equinos da raça Crioula em provas credenciadoras ao Freio de Ouro
Authors: Garcia C.A.S.C. , Martins C.F. , Silva L.L. , Brandi R.A. , Feijó J.O. , Barbosa A.A. , Bruhn F.R.P. , Corrêa M.N.
Published: November 2020

RESUMO Avaliações com o intuito de mensurar marcadores de eficiência na performance esportiva do cavalo Crioulo são escassas e de fundamental importância no que tange às possíveis especificidades da raça. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar e determinar os padrões de frequência cardíaca, velocidade, concentração de lactato e gasto energético de equinos da raça Crioula durante provas credenciadoras ao Freio de Ouro. Tais variáveis foram avaliadas durante a realização das etapas funcionais da competição. Observaram-se flutuações superiores da variável frequência cardíaca (FC) durante a realização das etapas de Andadura, Figura, Volta sobre Patas e Esbarradas (And/fig/VSP) (203bpm) e menores valores na etapa Paleteada II (185bpm) (P<0,05). Em relação à velocidade, o maior valor atingido foi registrado na etapa de Paleteada II (39,7km/h). A concentração de lactato sanguíneo aferida se mostrou elevada em todas as fases da competição, sendo o maior valor observado na etapa de Paleteada II (14,5mmol/L) (P<0,05) e o menor durante a etapa de Mangueira I (9,3mmol/L). Superior gasto energético foi atribuído à etapa de And/Fig/VSP (853,28kcal/kgPV/min). Portanto, todas as etapas funcionais podem ser classificadas como anaeróbias, por apresentarem concentrações de lactato sanguíneo acima de 4mmol/L, e demandam alto gasto energético pelos competidores.
Uma análise histórico-crítica sobre o desenvolvimento das normas brasileiras relacionadas a queijos artesanais
Authors: Araújo J.P.A. , Camargo A.C. , Carvalho A.F. , Nero L.A.
Published: November 2020

RESUMO Diferentes tipos de queijos artesanais são produzidos, comercializados e consumidos no Brasil, o que impulsiona o constante desenvolvimento de normas por órgãos oficiais, como o Mapa. A criação do Suasa e do Sisbi-POA foi fundamental para esse setor, por permitir um sistema de equivalência na fiscalização e por ampliar a distribuição. Ainda, o Mapa passou a permitir que queijos artesanais produzidos com leite cru pudessem ser maturados em um período inferior a 60 dias, desde que comprovada sua inocuidade. A redução do tempo de maturação é um tema controverso e polêmico, já que não há critérios específicos que estudos científicos devem contemplar, o que permite múltiplas interpretações de dados. Com a criação e a regulamentação do selo Arte, a fiscalização dos produtos artesanais foi designada aos órgãos de agricultura, pecuária e de saúde pública, em complementação à atribuição já prevista pelo Mapa e pelo Sisbi-POA. Ainda, o selo Arte atribui aos órgãos de inspeção uma função orientadora, atividade que deveria ser prioritariamente executada por agências de extensão e associações. As normas que balizam a produção e comercialização de produtos artesanais devem ser frequentemente atualizadas, devido aos constantes avanços científicos na área e para assegurar a oferta de produtos com qualidade e inócuos aos consumidores.
Evaluation of reproductive and animal welfare parameters of swine females of different genetic lines submitted to different reproductive management and housing systems during pregnancy
Authors: Bampi D. , Borstnez K.K. , Dias C.P. , Costa O.A.D. , Moreira F. , Peripolli V. , Oliveira Júnior J.M. , Schwegler E. , Rauber L.P. , Bianchi I.
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate swine females of different genetic lines submitted to different reproductive management and housing systems during pregnancy on reproductive performance and animal welfare parameters. After artificial insemination protocol, 524 females were divided into two gestation housing systems: PEN1=animals housed in individual stalls during the breeding and after group-housed; PEN32=animals housed in individual stalls from breeding until 32 days of pregnancy and after group-housed. The number of piglets born, and the pregnancy and farrowing rates were evaluated. Welfare parameters related to the pregnancy phase were used. Females who weaned more piglets in the previous farrowing had a higher number of piglets born at the next farrowing. The pregnancy rate was affected by the number of semen doses. The farrowing rate was not influenced by the evaluated parameters, with average value of 91.36%. There was no effect of the gestation housing system and the genetic lines on pregnancy and farrowing rates, with values above 90.0%. The animal welfare indicators showed more compromised parameters in PEN1 system. PEN1 system did not impair the reproductive performance although it presented more compromised animal welfare parameters.
Effects of magnesium sulfate and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate on fecal hydration, output and systemic hydration in healthy horses
Authors: Alonso J.M. , Esper C.S. , Rosa G.S. , Schmitt F.P. , Araújo F.L. , Melo Neto G.B. , Pantoja J.C.F. , Watanabe M.J. , Alves A.L.G. , Rodrigues C.A. , Hussni C.A.
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT Magnesium sulphate (MS) and dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate (DSS) are laxative drugs frequently used for the treatment of impactions. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of MS and DSS in fecal hydration, output and systemic hydration in healthy horses. Five healthy horses received 3 treatments with a 21-day interval. Treatment 1 was performed with administration of 4 liters of warm water; treatment 2: administration of 4 liters of warm water associated with 1g/kg of MS; and treatment 3: administration of 4 liters of warm water associated with 20mg/kg DSS. General and specific physical examination of the digestive system were performed, alongside with packed cell volume and total plasma protein measurement, abdominal ultrasonography and quantification of the amount and hydration of feces, before and 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after the treatments. No adverse effects were observed. The administration of laxatives promoted greater fecal output and hydration without resulting in systemic dehydration, yet no differences were observed between treatments. The absence of adverse effects of DSS demonstrates the safety of its use as a laxative drug at a dose of 20mg/kg. Studies comparing the effects of the laxative drugs in horses with large colon impaction are needed.