bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Information Technology for Maximizing Energy Consumption for Useful Information Traffic in a Dense Wi-Fi 6/6E Ecosystem
Authors: Kovtun Viacheslav , Altameem Torki , Al-Maitah Mohammed , Kempa Wojciech
Published: September 2023

In Wi-Fi standards, a relatively narrow range of frequency spectrums is declared as working, on the operation of which additional restrictions are imposed in different countries. When creating dense wireless network ecosystems focused on massive information traffic, this circumstance causes significant interference even in the case of using Wi-Fi 6/6E-compatible equipment. An effective solution to this problem is the implementation of a centralized management mechanism for the relevant parameters of the target network ecosystem. The growing attention to ecology and rational use of electricity makes the problem of maximizing energy consumption for useful information traffic in a dense Wi-Fi 6/6E ecosystem an urgent task. Only the addressed information traffic between the transmitter and the target subscriber, which are subjects of the OFDMA technology and the MU-MIMO multiple access system (with an emphasis on the latter), is considered useful. To solve the problem, the authors formalized the Wi-Fi 6/6E ecosystem’s energy consumption model, which takes into account the specifics of OFDMA and MU-MIMO, the influence of the communication channel characteristics on the speed of target information transfer, and detailed energy consumption for maintaining the network infrastructure in a functional state. Based on the created model, the research problem is represented by the difference between two monotonic functions, relative to which the problem of optimization with restrictions is set. The process of solving this problem is presented in the form of information technology with a branch-and-bound hierarchy and a nested unconditional optimization problem. The results of simulated modelling in the MATLAB-NS3 environment showed a significant advantage of the authors’ approach. The energy power consumption by the Wi-Fi 6/6E ecosystem, the parameters of which were adjusted with the help of the authors’ information technology, decreased by more than four times.
VaccineHero: An Extended Reality System That Reduces Toddlers’ Discomfort during Vaccination
Authors: Antonopoulos Stavros , Rentoula Vasiliki , Wallace Manolis , Poulopoulos Vassilis , Lepouras Georgios
Published: September 2023

In this work, we present VaccineHero, an extended reality system that aims to reduce children’s discomfort during vaccination. In our proposal, the child wears a headset during vaccination and watches a VR short story. The story includes a hero touching the child’s arm, and the doctor synchronises the insertion of the needle with the VR content so that the child is efficiently distracted. A clinical trial has been carried out involving two doctors and a cohort of 16 children, which showed that the use of VaccineHero reduces children’s discomfort during vaccination by a staggering 40% and completely eliminates extreme discomfort. The implemented solution is extremely affordable, as it can be deployed on simple headsets or even Cardboard devices, a feature that makes it a realistic option for any paediatric practice. It can also be extended to support other medical activities that involve needles, such as blood drawing and blood donation.
Resonance Characteristics of the LLC Resonant Half-Bridge Converter for the Rapid Charging of Personal Mobility Device Smart Batteries
Authors: Bae Jin-Yong
Published: September 2023

This study discusses the resonance characteristics of the LLC resonant half-bridge converter and smart battery charging for the fast charging of personal mobility devices (e.g., electric kickboards, segways, hoverboards, electric bicycles, and electric motorcycles), whose use is rapidly increasing. Through the analysis of resonance characteristics, this study aims to validate that fS > f0 is the most appropriate correlation in the relationship between resonant frequency (f0) and switching frequency (fS) that is suitable for the rapid charging of batteries of personal mobility devices. Additionally, the proposed half-bridge converter does not charge the battery from discharge or misconnection based on the detection of the battery voltage for the batteries of personal mobility devices. Therefore, the proposed converter suggests a charging system based on battery state detection that stably performs rapid charging of the batteries of personal mobility devices by equalizing the battery voltage and the charger voltage through a pre-charge operation.
A Systematic Study on Techno-Economic Evaluation of Hydrogen Production
Authors: de Abreu Victor Hugo Souza , Pereira Victória Gonçalves Ferreira , Proença Laís Ferreira Crispino , Toniolo Fabio Souza , Santos Andrea Souza
Published: September 2023

This paper aims to perform a systematic review, with a bibliometric approach, of the techno-economic evaluation studies of hydrogen production. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive outline of hydrogen production processes from fossil and renewable sources is presented. The results reveal that electrolysis, classified as water splitting, is the most investigated process in the literature since it contributes to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and presents other advantages, such as maturity and applicability, energy efficiency, flexibility, and energy storage potential. In addition, the processes of gasification, classified as thermochemical, and steam reforming, classified as catalytic reforming, are worth mentioning. Regarding the biological category, there is a balance between research on photo fermentation and dark fermentation. The literature on the techno-economic evaluation of hydrogen production highlights significant gaps, including a scarcity of comprehensive studies, a lack of emphasis on commercial viability, an absence of sensitivity analysis, and the need for comparative analyses between production technologies.
Iron Loss Calculation Methods for Numerical Analysis of 3D-Printed Rotating Machines: A Review
Authors: Orosz Tamás , Horváth Tamás , Tóth Balázs , Kuczmann Miklós , Kocsis Bence
Published: September 2023

Three-dimensional printing is a promising technology that offers increased freedom to create topologically optimised electrical machine designs with a much smaller layer thickness achievable with the current, laminated steel-sheet-based technology. These composite materials have promising magnetic behaviour, which can be competitive with the current magnetic materials. Accurately calculating the iron losses is challenging due to magnetic steels’ highly nonlinear hysteretic behaviour. Many numerical methodologies have been developed and applied in FEM-based simulations from the first introduced Steinmetz formulae. However, these old curve-fitting-based iron loss models are still actively used in modern finite-element solvers due to their simplicity and high computational demand for more-accurate mathematical methods, such as Preisach- or Jiles–Atherton-model-based calculations. In the case of 3D-printed electrical machines, where the printed material can have a strongly anisotropic behaviour and it is hard to define a standardised measurement, the applicability of the curve-fitting-based iron loss methodologies is limited. The following paper proposes an overview of the current problems and solutions for iron loss calculation and measurement methodologies and discusses their applicability in designing and optimising 3D-printed electrical machines.
Accuracy Assessment of Drone Real-Time Open Burning Imagery Detection for Early Wildfire Surveillance
Authors: Duangsuwan Sarun , Klubsuwan Katanyoo
Published: September 2023

Open burning is the main factor contributing to the occurrence of wildfires in Thailand, which every year result in forest fires and air pollution. Open burning has become the natural disaster that threatens wildlands and forest resources the most. Traditional firefighting systems, which are based on ground crew inspection, have several limits and dangerous risks. Aerial imagery technologies have become one of the most important tools to prevent wildfires, especially drone real-time monitoring for wildfire surveillance. This paper presents an accuracy assessment of drone real-time open burning imagery detection (Dr-TOBID) to detect smoke and burning as a framework for a deep learning-based object detection method using a combination of the YOLOv5 detector and a lightweight version of the long short-term memory (LSTM) classifier. The Dr-TOBID framework was designed using OpenCV, YOLOv5, TensorFlow, LebelImg, and Pycharm and wirelessly connected via live stream on open broadcaster software (OBS). The datasets were separated by 80% for training and 20% for testing. The resulting assessment considered the conditions of the drone’s altitudes, ranges, and red-green-black (RGB) mode in daytime and nighttime. The accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-Score are shown for the evaluation metrics. The quantitative results show that the accuracy of Dr-TOBID successfully detected open burning monitoring, smoke, and burning characteristics, where the average F1-score was 80.6% for smoke detection in the daytime, 82.5% for burning detection in the daytime, 77.9% for smoke detection at nighttime, and 81.9% for burning detection at nighttime.
Strengthening of Ancient Timber Beams during Restoration Operations: Effect of Wood Cutting on Modulus of Elasticity
Authors: Cavalli Alberto , Mazzanti Paola , Riparbelli Lorenzo , Togni Marco
Published: September 2023

In ancient buildings, timber members may require specific on-site interventions, including reinforcement or repair and sometimes the insertion of reinforcing material into grooves routed in the original sound wood. The required number, positions, and dimensions of grooves and the strengthening materials may differ according to the desired increases in bending stiffness and strength. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) of each beam is of key importance: the MOE is typically a point of weakness for wood and is considered a constant characteristic of each beam. However, taking into account the wood lost for the groove, whether the needed incisions affect the stiffness is unknown. As such, in this study, 12 old beams were accurately measured, and their static and dynamic MOEs were calculated before and after groove formation to simulate the typical processes of reinforcing interventions. One groove was routed along the length of each beam and progressively deepened in three steps. The results of tests showed how the MOE is affected by the groove depth, decreasing by up to one-third (34.1%), and that beam stiffness cannot be regarded as constant. Beam stiffness depends on the features of the beam, mainly the pith, fissures, and slope of the grain, as well as its structural integrity. Beam stiffness is strongly influenced by the cuts upon it. This study proves how the weakening effect of grooves created on-site can be assessed using the dynamic MOE and roughly predicted with a visual survey. The grooves required for strengthening beams must be thoroughly evaluated, considering the potential reduction in the mechanical properties of the beam, which goes well beyond the wood lost during cutting.
Geomechanical Properties of Deep-Sea Pore-Filled Methane Hydrate-Bearing Soils at Critical State Using DEM Analysis
Authors: He Jie , Li Tao , Rui Yi
Published: September 2023

The recognition of the geomechanical properties of methane hydrate-bearing soil (MHBS) is crucial to exploring energy resources. The paper presents the mechanical properties of a pore-filled MHBS at a critical state using the distinct element method (DEM). The pore-filled MHBS was simulated as cemented MH agglomerates to fill the soil pores at varying levels of methane hydration (MH) saturation. A group of triaxial compression (TC) tests were conducted, subjecting MHBS samples to varying effective confining pressures (ECPs). The mechanical behaviors of a pore-filled MHBS were analyzed, as it experienced significant strains leading to a critical state. The findings reveal that the proposed DEM successfully captures the qualitative geomechanical properties of MHBS. As MH saturation increases, the shear strength of MHBS generally rises. Moreover, higher ECPs result in increased shear strength and volumetric contraction. The peak shear strength of MHBS increases with rising MH saturation, while the residual deviator stress remains mainly unchanged at a critical state. There is a good correlation between fabric changes of the MHBS with variations in principal stresses and principal strains. With increasing axial strain, the coordination number (CN) and mechanical coordination number (MCN) increase to peak values as the values of MH saturation and ECPs increase, and reach a stable value at a larger axial strain.
Enhancing Transcriptional Reprogramming of Mesenchymal Glioblastoma with Grainyhead-like 2 and HDAC Inhibitors Leads to Apoptosis and Cell-Cycle Dysregulation
Authors: Kotian Spandana , Carnes Rachel M. , Stern Josh L.
Published: September 2023

Glioblastoma (GBM) tumor cells exhibit mesenchymal properties which are thought to play significant roles in therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. An important question is whether impairment of the mesenchymal state of GBM can sensitize these tumors to therapeutic intervention. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) are being tested in GBM for their ability promote mesenchymal-to-epithelial transcriptional (MET) reprogramming, and for their cancer-specific ability to dysregulate the cell cycle and induce apoptosis. We set out to enhance the transcriptional reprogramming and apoptotic effects of HDACi in GBM by introducing an epithelial transcription factor, Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2), to specifically counter the mesenchymal state. GRHL2 significantly enhanced HDACi-mediated MET reprogramming. Surprisingly, we found that inducing GRHL2 in glioma stem cells (GSCs) altered cell-cycle drivers and promoted aneuploidy. Mass spectrometry analysis of GRHL2 interacting proteins revealed association with several key mitotic factors, suggesting their exogenous expression disrupted the established mitotic program in GBM. Associated with this cell-cycle dysregulation, the combination of GRHL2 and HDACi induced elevated levels of apoptosis. The key implication of our study is that although genetic strategies to repress the mesenchymal properties of glioblastoma may be effective, biological interactions of epithelial factors in mesenchymal cancer cells may dysregulate normal homeostatic cellular mechanisms.
Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Postpartum Anxiety Disorder and Depression in Syrian Migrant Women Living in Turkey: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Atak Muhammed , Sezerol Mehmet Akif , Değer Mehmet Sait , Kurubal Hamza
Published: September 2023

The global migration trend has brought attention to the mental health of immigrant populations, especially postpartum women. The prevalence of postpartum anxiety and depression among these populations remains a growing concern. This study aimed to explore the factors associated with postpartum anxiety and depression among immigrant women, with a special emphasis on Syrian migrants in Turkey. A cross-sectional design was employed, enrolling postpartum women who visited the Strengthened Migrant Health Center in Istanbul between July and December 2022. Data were collected using a three-part questionnaire comprising sociodemographic details and scores from the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI). The average age of participants was 25.73 years. The mean EPDS and BAI scores were low at 1.27 and 3.85, respectively. Notably, 97.1% of women scored below the EPDS cut-off point of 13. EPDS scores showed a significant relationship between income levels and COVID-19 vaccination status, while BAI scores were significantly associated with educational levels. There was an inverse correlation between EPDS scores and the number of cohabitants in a household. The observed low rates of postpartum depression and anxiety could be attributed to the accessible health services and psychosocial support for immigrants in Turkey. It would be useful to conduct multicenter and comprehensive epidemiological studies on migrant puerperas.
Effects of Different Irrigation Rates on Remontant Strawberry Cultivars Grown in Soil
Authors: Marcellini Micol , Raffaelli Davide , Mazzoni Luca , Pergolotti Valeria , Balducci Francesca , Armas Diaz Yasmany , Mezzetti Bruno , Capocasa Franco
Published: September 2023

The present study assessed the responses, in terms of vegetative, productive, qualitative, and nutritional features, of plants and berries of three remontant strawberry cultivars cultivated in soil and irrigated using three irrigation regimes: standard irrigation regime (W100), 20% (W80) less irrigation than the standard irrigation, and 40% (W60) less irrigation than the standard irrigation. The tested plants were “Albion”, “San Andreas”, and “Monterey”, which were cultivated in the east coast area of Marche, Italy. Specifically, the study examined the response of the genotype to irrigation deficit, highlighting the performance of the “Monterey” cultivar, which showed improvement in terms of fruit firmness, folate content, and antioxidant capacity at the W80 irrigation regime without a significant yield reduction. In all the cultivars, when irrigation was reduced by up to 20% of the standard irrigation regime (W100), there were no significant losses of yield or reduction in the fruits’ sensorial quality or antioxidant activity. The results showed that the standard irrigation regime (W100) commonly adopted by the farmers in the Marche area uses more water than necessary. With more accurate water management, it will be possible to save almost 226 m3 of water per hectare per cultivation cycle.
The Effect of Corrective and Encouraging Accumulated Vibrotactile Feedback on Work Technique Training and Motivation—A Pilot Study
Authors: Langenskiöld Charlotta , Berg Annelie , Yang Liyun
Published: September 2023

Encouraging feedback is shown to increase motivation and facilitate learning in different settings, though there is a lack of knowledge of applying it in work technique training. This pilot study aimed to evaluate two accumulated vibrotactile feedback strategies for work technique training using a smart workwear system. Eight women and two men participated in the study. They were divided into two groups, receiving the corrective feedback or the combined corrective and encouraging feedback while doing simulated manual handling tasks in a lab environment. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used to evaluate the motivation, learning, and user experiences. In this small sample size, we saw that both groups significantly improved their work technique of upper arm and trunk postures, and no significant difference between groups was seen. In addition, both groups reported increased ergonomic awareness, were satisfied with the feedback training, and considered the system useful. However, the combined feedback group had slightly lower ratings of motivation and more negative experiences of the corrective feedback itself compared to the corrective feedback group. Both groups had positive experiences with the encouraging feedback. Future research should consider investigating the long-term learning effects of using solely corrective or encouraging accumulated feedback for work technique training with such systems.
Effect Modification of Race on the Associated Tumor Size at Diagnosis and 10-Year Cancer Survival Rates in Women with Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the United States
Authors: Khan Samara , Sheikh Tooba , Castro Grettel , Barengo Noël C.
Published: September 2023

Background: While there may be an association between race, tumor size, and survival in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), evidence on the effect of race on the association between tumor size at diagnosis and survival is limited. Our study evaluated whether race modifies the association between tumor size and 10-year survival in cervical SCC. Methods: This non-concurrent cohort study with the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database included women diagnosed with cervical SCC between 2004–2018. The independent variable was diagnosis tumor size, where 2–4 cm was classified as high risk, and <2 cm was considered low risk. The dependent variable was 10-year cancer-specific survival rates, and race was our effect modifier. Unadjusted and adjusted Cox regression analysis were conducted to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: While a higher proportion of Black/Asian/Pacific Islander patients presented with tumor sizes of 2–4 cm compared to <2 cm (32.8% vs. 22.3%; p = 0.007) and having a tumor size of 2–4 cm had a significantly decreased 10-year survival (HR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.3–5.8), the interaction between race and 10-year cancer-specific survival was not significant. Conclusion: Although race did not modify the interaction between tumor size and 10-year survival, emphasis needs to be placed on screening and proper data collection, especially for minority races, and studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted in order to better implement future recommendations to improve health and survival.
Excreta Disgust and Adaptive Use of Ecological Sanitation By-Products: Perspectives of Rural Farmers in Burera District, Rwanda
Authors: Banamwana Celestin , Musoke David , Ntakirutimana Theoneste , Buregyeya Esther , Ssempebwa John , Wamuyu-Maina Gakenia , Tumwesigye Nazarius M.
Published: September 2023

Ecological sanitation (Ecosan) by-products are inherently limited in their potential use as excreta resources. Disgust behind human excreta and derivatives continues to challenge the further use of Ecosan-by products. Although treated excreta, including Ecosan by-products, have gradually been adopted worldwide, diverse perspectives among users hinder their use in agro-practices. This study explored perceptions of the use of Ecosan-by products as relates to the disgust of human excreta among rural farmers in Burera district, Rwanda. A qualitative study was conducted amongst three farmers’ cooperatives using Ecosan by-products. We conducted six focus group discussions (FDGs) comprising a total of 48 participants taking into account the following three themes: core excreta disgust, perceived waste, and perceived resource. Thematic analysis was conducted with similar perspectives identified and grouped under emerging sub-themes. The perspectives regarding disgust elicitors included stigma, eversion, phobia, taboos, and health risks. Ecosan by-products were largely perceived as useful, with most farmers trusting and willing to touch the by-products. Psychosocial barriers to using the by-products continued to slow down the adoption of Ecosan for agricultural options. There is a need for increased awareness to scale up the use of Ecosan coupled with effective treatment practices for the products so as to reverse the psychological barriers resulting from traditional excreta disgust over Ecosan-products of faeces and urine.
Effects of Denture Treatment on Salivary Metabolites: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ichigaya Narumi , Kawanishi Norishige , Adachi Takuya , Sugimoto Masahiro , Kimoto Katsuhiko , Hoshi Noriyuki
Published: September 2023

Symptoms of oral discomfort such as dry mouth are common in older people wearing dentures. Such symptoms are mainly treated symptomatically. Many of these symptoms are related to saliva, and associations with salivary volume have been reported. Although denture treatment improves symptoms by increasing the amount of saliva, the effects on salivary components remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of denture treatment on salivary metabolite changes based on salivary metabolome analyses. We enrolled 21 patients requiring denture treatment. At the first visit, and after completion of denture treatment, saliva outflow was measured under resting and stimulated conditions, samples for salivary metabolite analysis were collected, and masticatory efficiency was tested. In all participants, masticatory efficiency increased after denture treatment. Moreover, the amounts of resting and stimulated saliva were increased. Using salivary metabolome analysis, 61 salivary metabolites were detected. Substantial concentration changes were observed for 4 and 21 metabolites in resting and stimulated saliva, respectively. The four metabolites common to both saliva tests had significantly lower concentrations after treatment. These results suggest that the improvement in masticatory function by dentures is related not only to salivary secretion volume, but also to salivary metabolite composition.
Development of Stable Amino-Pyrimidine–Curcumin Analogs: Synthesis, Equilibria in Solution, and Potential Anti-Proliferative Activity
Authors: Mari Matteo , Boniburini Matteo , Tosato Marianna , Rigamonti Luca , Cuoghi Laura , Belluti Silvia , Imbriano Carol , Avino Giulia , Asti Mattia , Ferrari Erika
Published: September 2023

With the clear need for better cancer treatment, naturally occurring molecules represent a powerful inspiration. Recently, curcumin has attracted attention for its pleiotropic anticancer activity in vitro, especially against colorectal and prostate cancer cells. Unfortunately, these encouraging results were disappointing in vivo due to curcumin’s low stability and poor bioavailability. To overcome these issues, herein, the synthesis of eight new pyrimidine–curcumin derivatives is reported. The compounds were fully characterized (1H/13C NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometri), UV-Vis spectroscopy), particularly their acid/base behavior; overall protonation constants were estimated, and species distribution, as a function of pH, was predicted, suggesting that all the compounds are in their neutral form at pH 7.4. All the compounds were extremely stable in simulated physiological media (phosphate-buffered saline and simulated plasma). The compounds were tested in vitro (48 h incubation treatment) to assess their effect on cell viability in prostate cancer (LNCaP and PC3) and colorectal cancer (HT29 and HCT116) cell lines. Two compounds showed the same anti-proliferative activity as curcumin against HCT116 cells and improved cytotoxicity against PC3 cells.
Proteomics-Based Approach for Detailing the Allergenic Profile of Cannabis Chemotypes
Authors: Loblundo Cali , Severa Jenna , Peruggia Gabrielle A. , Black Kristina Reid , Chandra Suman , Lata Hemant , ElSohly Mahmoud , Chapman Martin D. , Deshpande Deepak A. , Nayak Ajay P.
Published: September 2023

Allergic sensitization to cannabis is an emerging public health concern and is difficult to clinically establish owing to lack of standardized diagnostic approaches. Attempts to develop diagnostic tools were largely hampered by the Schedule I restrictions on cannabis, which limited accessibility for research. Recently, however, hemp was removed from the classified list, and increased accessibility to hemp allows for the evaluation of its practical clinical value for allergy diagnosis. We hypothesized that the proteomic profile is preserved across different cannabis chemotypes and that hemp would be an ideal source of plant material for clinical testing. Using a proteomics-based approach, we examined whether distinct varieties of cannabis plant contain relevant allergens of cannabis. Cannabis extracts were generated from high tetrahydrocannabinol variety (Mx), high cannabidiol variety (V1-19) and mixed profile variety (B5) using a Plant Total Protein Extraction Kit. Hemp extracts were generated using other standardized methods. Protein samples were subjected to nanoscale tandem mass spectrometry. Acquired peptides sequences were examined against the Cannabis sativa database to establish protein identity. Non-specific lipid transfer protein (Can s 3) level was measured using a recently developed ELISA 2.0 assay. Proteomic analysis identified 49 distinct potential allergens in protein extracts from all chemotypes. Most importantly, clinically relevant and validated allergens, such as profilin (Can s 2), Can s 3 and Bet v 1-domain-containing protein 10 (Can s 5), were identified in all chemotypes at label-free quantification (LFP) intensities > 106. However, the oxygen evolving enhancer protein 2 (Can s 4) was not detected in any of the protein samples. Similarly, Can s 2, Can s 3 and Can s 5 peptides were also detected in hemp protein extracts. The validation of these findings using the ELISA 2.0 assay indicated that hemp extract contains 30–37 ng of Can s 3 allergen per µg of total protein. Our proteomic studies indicate that relevant cannabis allergens are consistently expressed across distinct cannabis chemotypes. Further, hemp may serve as an ideal practical substitute for clinical testing, since it expresses most allergens relevant to cannabis sensitization, including the validated major allergen Can s 3.
Protective Effects of ζ-Carotene-like Compounds against Acute UVB-Induced Skin Damage
Authors: Zhang Liping , Liang Shaoxin , Zhang Zhi , Wang Kai , Cao Junhan , Yao Mengke , Qin Ling , Qu Changfeng , Miao Jinlai
Published: September 2023

The previous study successfully established an expression strain of ζ-carotene-like compounds (CLC) and demonstrated its remarkable antioxidant activity, which exhibited resistance to photodamage caused by UVB radiation on the skin following gavage administration. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact and mechanism of CLC on UVB-induced skin damage through topical application. Cell viability, anti-apoptotic activity, ROS scavenging ability, the inhibition of melanin synthesis, the regulation of inflammatory factors and collagen deposition were assessed in cells and mice using qRT-PCR, WB, Elisa assays, immunohistochemistry staining and biochemical kits, etc. The experimental results demonstrated that CLC-mitigated apoptosis induced by UVB irradiation up-regulated the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE antioxidant pathway to attenuate levels of ROS and inflammatory factors (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-β), and suppressed MAPK/AP-1 and CAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathways to mitigate collagen degradation, skin aging and melanin formation. In conclusion, this study underscored the potential of CLC as a safe and efficacious source of antioxidants, positioning it as a promising ingredient in the formulation of cosmetics targeting anti-aging, skin brightening and sunburn repair.
Amyloid-Beta Co-Pathology Is a Major Determinant of the Elevated Plasma GFAP Values in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Mastrangelo Andrea , Vacchiano Veria , Zenesini Corrado , Ruggeri Edoardo , Baiardi Simone , Cherici Arianna , Avoni Patrizia , Polischi Barbara , Santoro Francesca , Capellari Sabina , Liguori Rocco , Parchi Piero
Published: September 2023

Recent studies reported increased plasma glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP) levels in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients compared to controls. We expanded these findings in a larger cohort, including 156 ALS patients and 48 controls, and investigated the associations of plasma GFAP with clinical variables and other biofluid biomarkers. Plasma GFAP and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers were assessed by the single molecule array and the Lumipulse platforms, respectively. In ALS patients, plasma GFAP was higher than in controls (p < 0.001) and associated with measures of cognitive decline. Twenty ALS patients (12.8%) showed a positive amyloid status (A+), of which nine also exhibited tau pathology (A+T+, namely ALS-AD). ALS-AD patients showed higher plasma GFAP than A− ALS participants (p < 0.001) and controls (p < 0.001), whereas the comparison between A− ALS and controls missed statistical significance (p = 0.07). Plasma GFAP distinguished ALS-AD subjects more accurately (area under the curve (AUC) 0.932 ± 0.027) than plasma p-tau181 (AUC 0.692 ± 0.058, p < 0.0001) and plasma neurofilament light chain protein (AUC, 0.548 ± 0.088, p < 0.0001). Cognitive measures differed between ALS-AD and other ALS patients. AD co-pathology deeply affects plasma GFAP values in ALS patients. Plasma GFAP is an accurate biomarker for identifying AD co-pathology in ALS, which can influence the cognitive phenotype.
The Role of Acyl-CoA β-Oxidation in Brain Metabolism and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Szrok-Jurga Sylwia , Turyn Jacek , Hebanowska Areta , Swierczynski Julian , Czumaj Aleksandra , Sledzinski Tomasz , Stelmanska Ewa
Published: September 2023

This review highlights the complex role of fatty acid β-oxidation in brain metabolism. It demonstrates the fundamental importance of fatty acid degradation as a fuel in energy balance and as an essential component in lipid homeostasis, brain aging, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Systemic Effects: Embracing the Complexity of Its Biological Roles—A Narrative Review
Authors: Bonura Adriano , Brunelli Nicoletta , Marcosano Marilena , Iaccarino Gianmarco , Fofi Luisa , Vernieri Fabrizio , Altamura Claudia
Published: September 2023

The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide widely distributed throughout the human body. While primarily recognized as a nociceptive mediator, CGRP antagonists are currently utilized for migraine treatment. However, its role extends far beyond this, acting as a regulator of numerous biological processes. Indeed, CGRP plays a crucial role in vasodilation, inflammation, intestinal motility, and apoptosis. In this review, we explore the non-nociceptive effects of CGRP in various body systems, revealing actions that can be contradictory at times. In the cardiovascular system, it functions as a potent vasodilator, yet its antagonists do not induce arterial hypertension, suggesting concurrent modulation by other molecules. As an immunomodulator, CGRP exhibits intriguing complexity, displaying both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, CGRP appears to be involved in obesity development while paradoxically reducing appetite. A thorough investigation of CGRP’s biological effects is crucial for anticipating potential side effects associated with its antagonists’ use and for developing novel therapies in other medical fields. In summary, CGRP represents a neuropeptide with a complex systemic impact, extending well beyond nociception, thus offering new perspectives in medical research and therapeutics
Characterization of Parageobacillus Bacteriophage vB_PtoS_NIIg3.2—A Representative of a New Genus within Thermophilic Siphoviruses
Authors: Šimoliūnas Eugenijus , Šimoliūnienė Monika , Laskevičiūtė Gintarė , Kvederavičiūtė Kotryna , Skapas Martynas , Kaupinis Algirdas , Valius Mindaugas , Meškys Rolandas , Kuisienė Nomeda
Published: September 2023

A high temperature-adapted bacteriophage, vB_PtoS_NIIg3.2 (NIIg3.2), was isolated in Lithuania from compost heaps using Parageobacillus toebii strain NIIg-3 as a host for phage propagation. Furthermore, NIIg3.2 was active against four strains of Geobacillus thermodenitrificans, and it infected the host cells from 50 to 80 °C. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed siphovirus morphology characterized by an isometric head (~59 nm in diameter) and a noncontractile tail (~226 nm in length). The double-stranded DNA genome of NIIg3.2 (38,970 bp) contained 71 probable protein-encoding genes and no genes for tRNA. In total, 29 NIIg3.2 ORFs were given a putative functional annotation, including those coding for the proteins responsible for DNA packaging, virion structure/morphogenesis, phage–host interactions, lysis/lysogeny, replication/regulation, and nucleotide metabolism. Based on comparative phylogenetic and bioinformatic analysis, NIIg3.2 cannot be assigned to any genus currently recognized by ICTV and potentially represents a new one within siphoviruses. The results of this study not only extend our knowledge about poorly explored thermophilic bacteriophages but also provide new insights for further investigation and understanding the evolution of Bacilllus-group bacteria-infecting viruses.
Vesicular Release and Uptake of Circular LSD1-RNAs from Non-Cancer and Cancer Lung Cells
Authors: Galang Joelle Noriko , Shen Yefeng , Koitzsch Ulrike , Yu Xiaojie , Eischeid-Scholz Hannah , Bachurski Daniel , Rau Tilman T. , Neppl Christina , Herling Marco , Bulimaga Bianca , Vasyutina Elena , Schweiger Michal R. , Büttner Reinhard , Odenthal Margarete , Anokhina Maria M.
Published: September 2023

Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is highly expressed in many cancer types and strongly associated with cancer progression and metastasis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are produced by back-splicing and influence the interactive RNA network by microRNA and protein sponging. In the present study, we aimedto identify circRNAs that derive from the LSD1-encoding KDM1A gene, and to investigate their potential to be released and uptaken by lung cancer versus non-cancer epithelial cells. We identified four circLSD1-RNAs by RT-PCR with divergent primers, followed by sequencing. The expression level of circLSD1-RNAs was then studied by quantitative PCR on cellular and extracellular fractions of lung cancer (PC9) and non-cancer primary small airway epithelial (PSAE) cells. Moreover, we established the transgenic overexpression of circLSD1-RNAs. We show that circLSD1-RNAs are primarily located in the cytoplasm, but are packaged and released from lung cancer and non-cancer cells by extracellular vesicles (EVs) and ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes, respectively. Proteomics demonstrated a different protein pattern of EV fractions released from PC9 versus PSAE cells. Importantly, released circLSD1-RNAs were differently taken up by PSAE and PC9 cells. In conclusion, our findings provide primary evidence that circLSD1-RNAs participate in the intercellular communication of lung cancer cells with the tumor environment.
Expression Analysis Reveals Differentially Expressed Genes in BPH and WBPH Associated with Resistance in Rice RILs Derived from a Cross between RP2068 and TN1
Authors: Anand Rashi , Divya Dhanasekar , Mazumdar-Leighton Sudeshna , Bentur Jagadish S. , Nair Suresh
Published: September 2023

BPH (brown planthopper) and WBPH (white backed planthopper) are significant rice pests that often co-occur as sympatric species and cause substantial yield loss. Despite their genetic similarities, different host-resistance genes confer resistance against these two hoppers. The defense mechanisms in rice against these pests are complex, and the molecular processes regulating their responses remain largely unknown. This study used specific recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between rice varieties RP2068-18-3-5 (BPH- and WBPH-resistant) and TN1 (BPH- and WBPH-susceptible) to investigate the mechanisms of interaction between these planthoppers and their rice hosts. WBPH and BPH were allowed to feed on specific RILs, and RNA-Seq was carried out on WBPH insects. Transcriptome profiling and qRT-PCR results revealed differential expression of genes involved in detoxification, digestion, transportation, cuticle formation, splicing, and RNA processing. A higher expression of sugar transporters was observed in both hoppers feeding on rice with resistance against either hopper. This is the first comparative analysis of gene expressions in these insects fed on genetically similar hosts but with differential resistance to BPH and WBPH. These results complement our earlier findings on the differential gene expression of the same RILs (BPH- or WBPH-infested) utilized in this study. Moreover, identifying insect genes and pathways responsible for countering host defense would augment our understanding of BPH and WBPH interaction with their rice hosts and enable us to develop lasting strategies to control these significant pests.
A Novel, Rapid Response Renewable Biopolymer Neutron and Gamma Radiation Solid-State Detector for Dosimetry and Nuclear Reactor Flux-Power Mapping
Authors: Jiang Wen , Miller True , Barlow Troy , Boyle Nathan , Taleyarkhan Rusi P.
Published: September 2023

A novel solid-state neutron and gamma radiation monitor-dosimeter based on biopolymer polylactic acid (PLA) is presented. The resulting detector (PLAD) technology takes advantage of property changes of the renewable PLA resin when subject to ionizing nuclear radiation. A simple yet rapid and accurate (±10%) low-cost (<$0.01/detector) mass loss upon dissolution (MLD) technique was successfully developed; MLD is based on a simple mass balance for discerning neutron and/or gamma doses using small (40 mg, ~4 mm diameter) ultra-low-cost (<$0.01) resin beads via dissolution in acetone. The GammaCellTM Co-60 irradiator, and the PUR-1 12 kW fission nuclear research reactor were utilized, respectively. Irradiation absorbed doses ranged from 1 to 100 kGy. Acetone bath temperature was varied from ~40 °C to ~54 °C. Results revealed a strong dependence of MLD on acetone bath temperature between neutron and gamma photon dose components; this allowed for the unique ability of PLAD to potentially perform as both a neutron-cum-gamma or as a gamma or neutron radiation dosimeter and intensity level detector. A linear trend is found for combined neutron and gamma radiation doses from 0 to 40 kGy when dissolution is conducted above 50 °C. The important potential ability to distinguish neutron from gamma radiation fields was scoped and found to be feasible by determining MLD at 45 °C. The potential was studied for simultaneous use as an in-core neutron and gamma monitor of an operating 3 GWt light-water reactor (LWR). Scoping tests were conducted with the pre-irradiated (@ 20 °C) PLAD resin beads followed by heating to in-core LWR coolant (300 °C) conditions for ~30 s corresponding to the time to reach ~40 kGy total doses in a typical 3 GWt LWR. MLD results were unaffected, indicating the exciting and unique potential for in situ (low-cost, accurate and rapid) simultaneous mapping of neutron and gamma radiation fluxes, related dosimetry, and fission power level monitoring.
Are There Any Differences in Clinical and Biochemical Variables between Bipolar Patients with or without Lifetime Psychotic Symptoms?
Authors: Esposito Cecilia , Barkin Jennifer , Ceresa Alessandro , Nosari Guido , Di Paolo Martina , Legnani Francesca , Cirella Luisa , Surace Teresa , Tagliabue Ilaria , Capuzzi Enrico , Caldiroli Alice , Dakanalis Antonios , Politi Pierluigi , Clerici Massimo , Buoli Massimiliano
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Psychotic symptoms occur in more than half of patients affected by Bipolar Disorder (BD) and are associated with an unfavorable course of the disorder. The objective of this study is to identify the differences in the clinical and biochemical parameters between bipolar patients with or without psychotic symptoms. Methods: A total of 665 inpatients were recruited. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical data related to the first day of hospitalization were obtained via a screening of the clinical charts and intranet hospital applications. The two groups identified via the lifetime presence of psychotic symptoms were compared using t tests for quantitative variables and χ2 tests for qualitative ones; binary logistic regression models were subsequently performed. Results: Patients with psychotic BD (compared to non-psychotic ones) showed a longer duration of hospitalization (p < 0.001), higher Young Mania Rating Scale scores (p < 0.001), lower Global Assessment of Functioning scores (p = 0.002), a less frequent history of lifetime suicide attempts (p = 0.019), less achievement of remission during the current hospitalization (p = 0.028), and a higher Neutrophile to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) (p = 0.006), but lower total cholesterol (p = 0.018) and triglycerides (p = 0.013). Conclusions: Patients with psychotic BD have a different clinical and biochemical profile compared to their counterparts, characterized by more clinical severity, fewer metabolic alterations, and a higher grade of inflammation. Further multi-center studies have to confirm the results of this present study.
Do GLP-1 Analogs Have a Place in the Treatment of PCOS? New Insights and Promising Therapies
Authors: Szczesnowicz Aleksandra , Szeliga Anna , Niwczyk Olga , Bala Gregory , Meczekalski Blazej
Published: September 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age. This condition is characterized by hyperandrogenism and either oligo- or anovulation. PCOS patients often present comorbidities such as obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and an increased risk of diabetes. Given the profound implications of metabolic impairment in PCOS, the accurate diagnosis and management of these facets are imperative. The first-line approach to treatment involves lifestyle modifications, including dietary adjustments and exercise aimed at achieving weight loss, a strategy consistently emphasized across the literature. Supplementation with probiotics, vitamin D, and L-carnitine have also provided additional benefits to patients. In select cases, pharmacological interventions are needed for optimal therapeutic results. The most common medications used in PCOS include metformin, thiazolidinediones, inositols, and two classes of antidiabetic agents: dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, and sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are a new addition to the therapeutic arsenal for the metabolic management of PCOS. GLP-1 receptor agonists cause insulin release in a glucose-dependent manner, yielding clinical benefits such as heightened satiety, reduced appetite, and appetite regulation. GLP-1RAs have demonstrated efficacy in reducing glycated hemoglobin levels and promoting weight loss while ameliorating hyperlipidemia. Prior to initiating GLP-1RA therapy, patients should undergo screening for contraindications, including history of pancreatitis, diabetic retinopathy, or thyroid cancer. The effects of treatment should be monitored using laboratory testing and body weight measurements. Effective communication between clinician and patient should be maintained with regular check-in for a period of 6 to 12 months.
Experimental and Statistical Modeling for Effect of Nozzle Diameter, Filling Pattern, and Layer Height of FDM-Printed Ceramic–Polymer Green Body on Biaxial Flexural Strength of Sintered Alumina Ceramic
Authors: Smirnov Anton , Nikitin Nikita , Peretyagin Pavel , Khmyrov Roman , Kuznetsova Ekaterina , Solis Pinargote Nestor Washington
Published: September 2023

This paper deals with the application of statistical analysis in the study of the dependence of the flexural strength of sintered alumina (Al2O3) disks on the parameters (nozzle diameter of the printer print head, layer height, and filling pattern) of the fused deposition method (FDM) printing of ceramic–polymer filament containing 60 vol.% alumina and 40 vol.% polylactide. By means of a correlation analysis applied to the results of flexural tests, a linear relationship was found between the thickness of the printed layer and the strength of the sintered specimens. A statistically significant linear relationship was found between the geometric parameters and the weight of both printed ceramic–polymer and sintered ceramic samples, as well as the diameter of the nozzle used in the printing of the workpiece. It was found that the highest strength is achieved with a layer thickness equal to 0.4 mm, and the smallest scatter of mass values and geometric dimensions of ceramic samples is achieved using a nozzle diameter of 0.6 mm. As a result of the conducted research, linear equations allowing the prediction of changes in the geometry and mass of samples after sintering, as well as the strength properties of sintered samples, taking into account the geometry and mass of FDMed samples, were obtained.