bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THREE-DIMENSIONAL EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF CONDYLE-FOSSA RELATIONSHIP, THEIR POSITION AND SYMMETRY USING CBCT IN VARIOUS SAGITTAL SKELETAL MALOCCLUSIONS
Authors:   Senior Resident, M.D.S., Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow., Selvaraj Rajasekar , Singh G.K. ,   Head of Department, Professor, M.D.S., Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow., Tandon Pradeep ,   Professor, M.D.S., Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow., Nagar Amit ,   Professor, M.D.S., Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow., P. Singh Gyan ,   Professor, M.D.S., Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow., Munusamy Naveen ,   Senior Resident, M.D.S., Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, India.
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Three-dimensional evaluation and comparison of condyle-fossa relationship, their position and symmetry using CBCT in various sagittal skeletal malocclusions. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate and compare the size and morphology of right and left fossa and condyle, condyle-fossa relationship, position and symmetry in various malocclusions. Materials and Methods: Sixty eight subjects with a mean age of 18.2Â±3.5 years, were divided into three sagittal Skeletal malocclusion (Class I,Class II. Class III) groups. 15 Linear and 2 Angular variables were evaluated from the CBCT images obtained from Carestream CS 9300C 3D system. The digitization and measurements were carried out using Trophy Dicom CS 3D software. Statistical Analysis: Independent t test and Karl Pearsons coefficient of correlation. Results: On comparison between the Right and Left sides, Angle Md.Co.Pro-MS Plane in Group I (p=0.007**)and C.Co-MS Planein Group II (p=0.047*)was significant. On Comparison of Concentric positioning of condyles, the mean differences in Group II on the Right side (p =0.039 *) and on the Left side (p =0.004**) were significant. Conclusion: In Skeletal Class I malocclusion, width and height of condyle was increased on the left side. Anterior joint space was decreased significantly in Skeletal Class II malocclusion. Superior joint space was significantly decreased and width of mandibular fossa was increased on both the sides in Skeletal Class III malocclusion. The condyles were anteriorly placed in all skeletal malocclusions but greatest difference was present in Class II.
CAST PARTIAL DENTURE FOR REHABILITATION OF PARTIAL EDENTULISM WITH DISTAL EXTENSION: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Dept of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Burdwan Dental College and Hospital, West Bengal., Majumder Mitali , Mistry Debashish ,   GDMO, B.B Dhar Rural Hospital, Howrah, West Bengal.
Published: May 2023

Loss of teeth has a negative impact on patients oral health and mental well being.While treating a patient with partial edentulism the restorative dentist should not ignore the patients concern and thereby the planned treatment modality should best suit the patient.In this clinical report a patient with partial edentulism(Keneddy class II mod 2) was rehabilitated with cast partial denture over acrylic partial denture and other fixed dental treatment as it was considered to be the most viable treatment option.
Les objectif de valeur constitutionnelle en droit français
Authors:   European Constitutional Law Association, JEON Hak-Seon
Published: May 2023

En droit français, un objectif de valeur constitutionnelle (ou objectif à valeur constitutionnelle) est un objectif dégagé par le Conseil constitutionnel auquel ce dernier reconnaît une valeur constitutionnelle. Ces objectifs trouvent leurs fondements dans le bloc de constitutionnalité constitué de la constitution elle-même, la déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen, le préambule de la constitution de 1946 ainsi que de la charte de l'environnement de 2004. Les objectifs de valeur constitutionnelle sont des orientations dégagées par le Conseil constitutionnel données au législateur. Ces objectifs n'énoncent pas de droits. Ils permettent au Conseil constitutionnel de limiter certains principes constitutionnels dans le but de rendre certains autres droits constitutionnels effectifs. Les objectifs de valeur constitutionnelle ont pour fonction de permettre au Conseil constitutionnel de concilier différents principes constitutionnels. Ils sont des instruments de limitation des droits fondamentaux afin de rendre effectifs les droits et libertés constitutionnels. Les objectifs de valeur constitutionnelle ne doivent pas porter une atteinte excessive à ces droits en les dénaturant. Sans disposer d'une pure valeur normative, les objectifs de valeur constitutionnelle visent avant tout à assurer la conciliation des droits fondamentaux et des principes constitutionnels par un travail de qualification juridique. Les objectifs de valeur constitutionnelle tiennent une place particulière au sein du système juridique français. S'ils peuvent être considérés comme des composants du bloc de constitutionnalité, force est de constater que ceux-ci ne réfèrent en eux-mêmes à aucune norme constitutionnelle déterminée. La grille de lecture que le Conseil constitutionnel a souhaité accorder au législateur renvoie néanmoins à une volonté d'assurer une meilleure effectivité des droits et des libertés ainsi que des principes faisant partie de la tradition républicaine.
A Study on the Legislative Participation of Local Governments in Switzerland and Germany
Authors:   European Constitutional Law Association, Ryu Ji Woong
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study is to compare the legal systems of Switzerland and Germany to expand the participation of local governments in legislation in Korea. Today, opinions and participation of local governments are expanding through the strengthening of local autonomy and the expansion of decentralization. Currently, in Korea, local governments can indirectly present their opinions, participate in public hearings, hearings, etc. through the Local Autonomy Act, the National Assembly Act, and the legislative operation regulations, and these procedures remain objects, not subjects. In order to improve this, it is necessary to analyze the legal systems of Switzerland and Germany, where local governments and local government associations are actively participating as legislators and related parties in relation to autonomy, and review their implications for Korea. In the case of Switzerland, Kenton is widely recognized for his participation in legislation. To this end, the federal constitution stipulates in detail. Legislative participation is also recognized by expanding diplomatic affairs, and strong legislative participation is promoted through the right to request a referendum, and similar to Germany, federal senators can be formed as representatives of Canton to participate in parliamentary legislation. Looking at the characteristics of the legislative participation systems of Swiss and German local governments, the following characteristics are shown. First, legislative participation in the central government and the National Assembly is very actively recognized. On the other hand, in Germany, local governments and associations of local governments generally recognize limited and passive participation in legislation in the National Assembly. However, as a supplement to this, local governments are actively realizing legislative participation in the National Assembly through the exercise of members of the Federal Council or the right to vote. In Switzerland and Germany, the scope of affairs related to local governments is widely recognized for the scope of legislation that local governments and local government councils can participate in, but legislative participation is not limited to legislation, but even zero, rules, and plans are recognized. In order for local governments and local government councils to actively present their opinions on local autonomy and improve the legal system, including legislative participation by local governments It is thought that allowing the heads of local governments at the same national level to participate in actual state legislation and policies as State Council members could be a way to expand the institutional guarantees of local governments guaranteed under the constitution.
Germany's Academic Policy Advisory System in Response to COVID-19
Authors:   European Constitutional Law Association, Lee Jae-Hoon
Published: May 2023

The Corona Pandemic served as an opportunity to highlight the need for academic policy advice. In the case of Germany, it can be said that it has operated various types of academic policy advisory bodies in relation to socially important issues before the Corona Pandemic; various advisory committees for social and political issues have been frequently operated without being prescribed by Act, e.g. Ethics Committee for the Self-Driving Vehicle, the Data Ethics Committee, and the Competition Act 4.0 Committee for competition policy advice, etc. In line with this administrative and practical trend, Germany's federal government has established and operated an academic policy advisory committee called the Federal Corona Pandemic Expert Committee in relation to the COVID-19. Meanwhile, the German federal government has established and operated the Robert-Koch -Research Institute, which can be called a federal-level specialized institution, for the purpose of accumulating health-related expertise that can respond professionally to various diseases. Although the RKI has the status of a federal administrative agency, it is an administrative agency in charge of information collection, academic promotion, and data disclosure and evaluation related to various diseases. In addition, to enhance expertise in the field, RKI separately organizes and operates 18 expert advisory committees, and operates a standing vaccination committee and an expert advisory committee on epidemic respiratory infections in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper aims to analyze the governance structure related to German academic policy advice and the legal effect of academic policy advice, and through this process, it aims to derive domestic implications for academic policy advice.
Determination of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antiproliferative Activities of Onobrychis argyrea subsp. argyrea Extracts
Authors: ALTIN Sevgi , ALP Cemalettin , KÖKSAL Ekrem , AKYÜZ Sümeyye
Published: May 2023

Plants belonging to the Fabaceae family have great importance in animal nutrition and the protection of human health (antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular). Onobrychis, known as a potent antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial agent, its high phenolic substance is one of the important genera of this family. In this study, chloroform (OAC), ethanol (OAE), and water (OAW) extract of Onobrychis argyrea subsp. argyrea (O. argyrea) specie was prepared; and the antiproliferative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities were investigated. The antiproliferative effects of the extracts were evaluated on different cancer cell lines by XTT colourimetric method. OAE demonstrated the most excellent efficacy against all cell lines, according to the findings. MCF-7 83.71%, A549 92.14%, and HT-29 72.24% were all inhibited. The antimicrobial activity of OAE and OAW extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus pneumoniae was determined using the disc-diffusion technique. Finally, antioxidant power was determined using DPPH and FRAP methods. In the DPPH research, OAE and OAW extracts showed the highest levels of inhibition (IC50: 34.12±0.2 and 21.58±0.12, respectively). OAE (257.95±1.40) and OAW (282.14±0.83) extracts showed
high activity with similar results in the FRAP method. Total phenolic content was determined as 226.15±1.89 mg GAE/g for OAE and 146.52±0.71 mg GAE/g for OAW, respectively. These results show that the species is an essential source of antioxidants. These studies are the first data for Onobrychis argyrea subsp. argyrea. All these results show that the plant has various biological activities and rich
secondary metabolites.
EVALUATION OF THE PERIPHERAL HEMODYNAMICS REACTION TO G-LOADS IN THE HEAD-TO-LEGS DIRECTION (+Gz) ON A SHORT-ARM CENTRIFUGE WITH THE METHOD OF DOPPLER FLOWMETRY
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Fomina G.A. , Salnikov A.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Koloteva M.I. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Glebova T.M. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Lobanov К.А. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: May 2023

We investigated peripheral arterial blood flow during exposure to the head-to-legs g-loads (+Gz) on a short-arm centrifuge (SAC). Purpose was to use some objective monitoring instruments for testing the hypothesis that the hemodynamic reaction to +Gz would be analogous to the reactions observed in the tilt test and/or the lower body negative pressure (LBNP) test. Six normal male subjects participated in 6 SAC runs with alternating interval g-loads of +1.27 Gz and +2.7 Gz. Blood flow in the femoral (FA) and medial cerebral (MCA) arteries was recorded continuously before, during and after runs with the use of Doppler flowmetry (Kardiomed device). It was found that +Gz centrifugation produced typical anti-gravity changes in hemodynamics, i.e. an increase in FA resistance and decrease in MCR resistance. In comparison to the records at rest, FA blood flow decreased 60 %; MCA blood flow changed insignificantly - no more than 10 % down. It was borne out that +Gz centrifugation has same effects as the Earth's gravity in standing humans, produces orthostatic blood pressure in the lower part of the body, and initiates the totality of anti-gravity hemodynamic reactions. Doppler recording was a quite useful source of data about the blood flow reaction to +Gz centrifugation.
EFFECTS OF 3-DAY IMMERSION ON BLOOD PROTEOME IN FEMALE VOLUNTEERS
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Kashirina D.N. , Pastushkova L.Kh. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Brzhozovsky A.G. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Kononikhin А.S. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Nikolaev E.N. ,   Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow region, Larina I.M. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: May 2023

Chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze dried blood spots collected from 6 female volunteers in a 3-d dry immersion (DI) in order to detect proteins involved in acute adaptation of the female physiological systems. Sampling was performed before DI, every day in DI and on the next day after DI completion. Proteomic analysis evidenced an immediate reaction of proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism and proteasome degradation of proteins. On DI day-2, we saw a reaction of immune response proteins and decreased PEDF level, an angiogenesis inhibitor that controls many processes, including heart protection from injuries. On DI-3, the response was joined by proteins participating in processes of the complement cascade and coagulation, platelet degranulation, hemostasis, extracellular matrix formation, glycolysis, water-salt balance, antioxidant system, and the neutrophils involving defense response. It should be noted that levels of histidine triad 1 nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) and myosin light chain 4 (MYL4) that play an important role in cardiac adaptation to a volume overload were found increased on DI day-3. Two days after DI, proteins did not all had returned to baseline levels. Changes in the level of proteins involved in lipid metabolism were observed only after DI completion.
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION EFFECT ON EXPRESSION OF THE HEAT SHOCK GENE WITH REGARD TO THE GOALS OF SPACE MEDICINE
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Artamonov А.А. , Molodtsova D.V. ,   A.I. Burnazyan State Medical Centree of the FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Smirnova T.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Konstantinova N.А. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: May 2023

Scientific publications were used to undertake systematic analysis of the effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on heat shock gene expression in various bio-objects. International normative documents assume that high intensity EMR (100 µWatt/cm2) causes expression of the heat shock gene and ensuing biological consequences. In Russia, the flux energy data level is taken to be 10 µWatt/cm2. Term "data level" means that the EMR bio-effect is not thermal by nature. However, Russian national standard GOST R 50804-95 containing the general medical-engineering requirements to cosmonaut's environment in a piloted spacecraft sets the maximum admissible level at 1000 µWatt/cm2 within the EMR band of 0.3–300 GHz. Systematic analysis of the EMR effects within this band did not reveal expression of the heat shock gene. The investigation should be proceeded with the focus on the EMR non-heat bio-effects.
ACTION OF TWO NEW NICOTINIC ACID DERIVATIVES ON THE LEVEL OF HIPPOCAMPUS IN RATS
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Yasnetsov Vik.V. , Ivanov Yu.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Yasnetsov V.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: May 2023

Experiments on hippocampal slices in rats showed that new nicotinic acid derivatives LKhT 6-20 and LKhT 7-20 at 5 mM inhibited the СА1 orthodromic population responses by 43  4 and 69  5%, respectively, whereas preparation of comparison mexicor in equal concentration inhibited the responses by 52  4 %. Action of LKhT 7-20 exceeded LKhT6–20 in 1.6 times and mexicor, in 1.3 times. The refore, LKhT 6-20 and LKhT 7-20 inhibit synaptic transmission between Schaffer collaterals and pyramidal СА1 neurons. It can be inferred that hippocampus has a significant role in the central action of these new substances.
An Insight into the Combat Strategies for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus
Authors: Chawla Gita , Pradhan Tathagata , Gupta Ojasvi
Published: May 2023

Diabetes is a chronic, and metabolic disorder that has gained epidemic proportions in the
past few decades creating a threat throughout the globe. It is characterized by increased glucose levels
that may be due to immune-mediated disorders (T1DM), insulin resistance or inability to produce
sufficient insulin by β-pancreatic cells (T2DM), gestational, or an increasingly sedentary lifestyle.
The progression of the disease is marked by several pathological changes in the body like
nephropathy, retinopathy, and various cardiovascular complications. Treatment options for T1DM
are majorly focused on insulin replacement therapy. While T2DM is generally treated through oral
hypoglycemics that include metformin, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, meglitinides, incretins,
SGLT-2 inhibitors, and amylin antagonists. Multidrug therapy is often recommended when patients
are found incompliant with the first-line therapy. Despite the considerable therapeutic benefits of
these oral hypoglycemics, there lie greater side effects (weight variation, upset stomach, skin rashes,
and risk of hepatic disease), and limitations including short half-life, frequent dosing, and differential
bioavailability which inspires the researchers to pursue novel drug targets and small molecules
having promising clinical efficacy posing minimum side-effects. This review summarizes some of
the current emerging novel approaches along with the conventional drug targets to treat type 2 diabetes.
Fermentation Kinetics, Potability, and Sensory Compounds of Joubidwi:
An Ethnic Alcoholic Beverage
Authors: Deka Anamika Kalita , Deka Dibakar Chandra
Published: May 2023

Background:

Fermentation is a metabolic pathway of the breakdown of carbohydrate
molecules like glucose, fructose to ethanol and various volatile and non-volatile congeners. The
production of alcoholic beverages from foodstuffs like rice, cereals, fruits, maize etc., is an age-old
traditional protocol. In this study, we adapted the traditional protocol of preparation of the ethnic
beverage Joubidwi, with a fermentation time of 6 days, i.e., aliquots from the fermented mash
(cooked rice) were collected on a daily basis from day 1 to day 6.

Objectives:

This study aimed to get insight into fermentation kinetics, ethanol content, carbohydrate
content, antioxidant activities, bitterness, protein content, pH, colour, and turbidity of the ethnic
alcoholic beverage Joubidwi and to identify the sensory compounds and polyphenol molecules.

Methods:

UV-Visible spectroscopic methods, GC-FID and GC-MS analytics methods were used
for the estimation and identification of carbohydrates, proteins, ethanol contents, and sensory compounds,
respectively. Reverse phase HPLC was adapted for the identification of polyphenol molecules
in Joubidwi.

Results:

A pseudo-first-order fermentation kinetics was observed from day 1 to day 6 fermentation
of Joubidwi. Apart from ethanol content (60.48 ± 1.36 mg/mL after 72 h fermentation to 78.80 ±
1.48 mg/mL after 144 h fermentation), the beverage had nutritional values and good antioxidant
properties with 22.38 to 35.11% Radical Scavenging Effect (RSE) from 1 to 6th day of fermented
Joubidwi. The beverage also contained 12 sensory compounds. Gallic acid was identified as polyphenol
in Joubidwi samples.

Conclusion:

Joubidwi is an alcoholic beverage prepared by Bodos using rice and certain herbs
through a traditional fermentation process. The fermentation process follows pseudo-first-order
kinetics. The beverage is potable.
The Effect of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles of Acalypha wilkesiana Ethyl Acetate Extract
on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Moustafa Amal Mahmoud Youssef , Abd El-Hamid El-Damrany Maha Mohamed , Youssef Magdy Mahfouz
Published: May 2023

Background:

Nanoparticles' precise targeting properties are becoming increasingly important in treating
cancer and starting to outweigh cancer therapies.

Methods:

The in vivo anticancer activity of ethyl acetate iron oxide nanoparticles (NPS EAE) of Acalypha wilkesiana
Müll. Mosaica was tested using Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells (EAC).

Results:

The value of the median lethal dose LD50 limit was found to be 3000 mg/kg. The value count of EAC cells
was significantly decreased to 150 ± 2.01 (106) and 275 ± 2.01 (106) cells for each preventive and therapeutic group
related to the positive group (525 ± 4.3 (106) cell. Moreover, the results of biological markers decrease in alanine amino
transferase activity (ALT), aspartate amino transferase activity (AST), creatinine (CREAT), UREA, albumin, globulin,
and total protein level according to the confident group by restoring the abnormal dissimilarity in the biomedical
parameters to normal values. Ethyl acetate nano particles induced apoptosis in hepatic and kidney cells. This was
designated by increasing the apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 associated X (BAX) level and significantly reducing
antiapoptotic assay B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) level as an antiapoptotic marker. In the apoptotic marker BAX, there
was a significant rise in therapeutic activity with a change of 273.87% and a significant increase in the preventive
group with a change of 144.69% according to the positive group. However, in the antiapoptotic marker, Bcl-2 highly
decreases in the therapeutic group and preventive group with changes -83.20% and -87.82% according to the positive
group, which has a highly significant increase with a change of 5855%.

Conclusion:

Histopathology tests showed anticancer activity against (EAC) in both the preventive group and therapeutic
group, especially in the preventive group in kidney organs showed no pathology with normal glomeruli and normal
tubules, it also showed in liver foci of lobular inflammation with mild development of a portal tract accompanied by
inflammation, but in the therapeutic group showed less activity than the preventive group as in the kidney many tubules
displayed appearances of slight tubular injury with mild acute tubular injury and in the liver, the therapeutic
group becomes a more effective representation in normal liver architecture, with no detected lobular or portal inflammation
or confluent necrosis. So the preventive group was considered as protecting agent for the kidney organ. However,
the therapeutic group is supposed to be the treatment agent for the liver organ. This is due to the fact that it has a
defensive effect rather than a curative effect. There is a possibility that it is a favorable anticancer agent. Green synthesis
of Fe3O4- NPS was successfully done using plant extract acting as a reducing, stabilizing, and capping agent.
Negative Pressure Irrigation Dynamics between Two Needle Designs using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Rahman Wan Nur Farhana Wan Abdul , Ramlan Nurul Ain , Mahmood Nik Zarina Nik , Hamid Ahmad Hussein Abdul
Published: May 2023

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the irrigation dynamics of the EndoVac and modified apical negative pressure (mANP) using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for application in endodontic irrigation.

Methodology:

A simulation of a prepared root canal (conical frustum) of 12 mm length with an apical diameter of 0.40 mm following Protaper F4 apical preparation was created using three-dimensional (3D) CAD software. 3D simulated aspiration needles (EndoVac, micropores needle) and (mANP, 30G flat open-ended needle) were also created. The irrigation dynamics were evaluated through transient CFD simulations. In addition, the irrigation dynamics of mANP were also assessed at three different needle depths of insertion.

Results:

The EndoVac and mANP streamlines pattern showed irrigants able to reach the apical end. Both needle designs demonstrated negative static apical pressure. The mANP using an open-ended needle design revealed a higher average WSS magnitude in all three different needle depths of insertion compared to the EndoVac.

Conclusion:

CFD analysis of the EndoVac and mANP revealed that different needle designs and needle depth insertion affect the irrigation dynamics pattern and magnitude in a simulated root canal. The open-ended needle design of mANP1 contributed to the higher WSS magnitude, discharge coefficient, and apical static pressure compared to the EndoVac.
Internalized Stigma and Quality of Life in Patients With Alcohol
Use Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study From Gujarat, India
Authors: Parekh Urvika , Bardolia Dhruv Devendra , Gandhi Rakesh , Nemlekar Saumitra
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

Substance use disorders (SUDs) contribute to one-fifth of all disability-
adjusted life years caused by psychiatric illnesses. They have a high treatment gap. Stigma
affects the lives of people with SUDs and is shown to impede the pursuit of valued life goals
and recovery from addiction. We studied stigma and QOL in patients with Alcohol Use disorders
(AUD).

Methods:

Participants between 18 and 65 years with a clinical diagnosis of AUD were included
(inpatients and outpatients). Demographic and clinical data were recorded using a semistructured
questionnaire. ISMIS & WHOQOL-Bref questionnaires were used to assess internalized
stigma and quality of life.

Results:

Of the 141 participants, 89(63.10%) patients had severe self-stigma, 31(22.10%) patients
had moderate self-stigma, and 21(14.90) patients had mild self-stigma. In ISMIS, stigma
due to alienation (3.22) was higher than social withdrawal, discrimination, stereotype, and
stigma resistance. In the WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire, the mean score of social domain (9.45)
was the lowest compared to the other domains of the quality of life scale. A significant association
was found between the education and the duration of substance use with ISMI grades with
people with up to 10th standard education (p-value - 0.002*), living in urban areas (p-value -
0.022*), and ten or more years of substance use (p-value - 0.00002).

Conclusion:

The various domains of quality of life generally negatively correlated with the
internalized stigma score, suggesting that a greater degree of self-stigma is associated with
poorer quality of life.
Future Applications and Perspective of ZnO
Authors: Kumar P.
Published: May 2023

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is recognized as an outstanding material for preparation of highly specific electrochemical sensors as well as biosensors because of their attractive characteristics like large specific surface area, powerful adsorption ability, and large catalytic efficiency. As a result, ZnO nanostructures are frequently employed to make effective electrochemical sensors as well as biosensors for detecting several analytes. ZnO is a versatile material that has a wide range of applications. The present chapter emphasizes on the current advancements of ZnO-based nanomaterials in the area of energy conversion & storage as well as biological applications. Supercapacitors, Li-ion batteries, and also biomedical applications have all been given special consideration. Lastly, future applications of ZnO-derived materials in fields of energy as well as biological sciences are thoroughly studied.
Associations Between Frailty and the Increased Risk of Adverse Outcomes Among 38,950 UK Biobank Participants With Prediabetes: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Cao Xingqi , Li Xueqin , Zhang Jingyun , Sun Xiaoyi , Yang Gan , Zhao Yining , Li Shujuan , Hoogendijk Emiel O , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhu Yimin , Allore Heather , Gill Thomas M , Liu Zuyun
Published: May 2023

Background

Compared with adults with normal glucose metabolism, those with prediabetes tend to be frail. However, it remains poorly understood whether frailty could identify adults who are most at risk of adverse outcomes related to prediabetes.

Objective

We aimed to systematically evaluate the associations between frailty, a simple health indicator, and risks of multiple adverse outcomes including incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), diabetes-related microvascular disease, cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), eye disease, dementia, depression, and all-cause mortality in late life among middle-aged adults with prediabetes.

Methods

We evaluated 38,950 adults aged 40 years to 64 years with prediabetes using the baseline survey from the UK Biobank. Frailty was assessed using the frailty phenotype (FP; range 0-5), and participants were grouped into nonfrail (FP=0), prefrail (1≤FP≤2), and frail (FP≥3). Multiple adverse outcomes (ie, T2DM, diabetes-related microvascular disease, CVD, CKD, eye disease, dementia, depression, and all-cause mortality) were ascertained during a median follow-up of 12 years. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the associations. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the results.

Results

At baseline, 49.1% (19,122/38,950) and 5.9% (2289/38,950) of adults with prediabetes were identified as prefrail and frail, respectively. Both prefrailty and frailty were associated with higher risks of multiple adverse outcomes in adults with prediabetes (P for trend <.001). For instance, compared with their nonfrail counterparts, frail participants with prediabetes had a significantly higher risk (P<.001) of T2DM (hazard ratio [HR]=1.73, 95% CI 1.55-1.92), diabetes-related microvascular disease (HR=1.89, 95% CI 1.64-2.18), CVD (HR=1.66, 95% CI 1.44-1.91), CKD (HR=1.76, 95% CI 1.45-2.13), eye disease (HR=1.31, 95% CI 1.14-1.51), dementia (HR=2.03, 95% CI 1.33-3.09), depression (HR=3.01, 95% CI 2.47-3.67), and all-cause mortality (HR=1.81, 95% CI 1.51-2.16) in the multivariable-adjusted models. Furthermore, with each 1-point increase in FP score, the risk of these adverse outcomes increased by 10% to 42%. Robust results were generally observed in sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions

In UK Biobank participants with prediabetes, both prefrailty and frailty are significantly associated with higher risks of multiple adverse outcomes, including T2DM, diabetes-related diseases, and all-cause mortality. Our findings suggest that frailty assessment should be incorporated into routine care for middle-aged adults with prediabetes, to improve the allocation of health care resources and reduce diabetes-related burden.
ChatGPT vs Google for Queries Related to Dementia and Other Cognitive Decline: Comparison of Results (Preprint)
Authors: Hristidis Vagelis , Ruggiano Nicole , Brown Ellen L , Ganta Sai Rithesh Reddy , Stewart Selena
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

People living with dementia or other cognitive decline and their caregivers (PLWD) increasingly rely on the web to find information about their condition and available resources and services. The recent advancements in large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, provide a new alternative to the more traditional web search engines, such as Google.

OBJECTIVE

This study compared the quality of the results of ChatGPT and Google for a collection of PLWD-related queries.

METHODS

A set of 30 informational and 30 service delivery (transactional) PLWD-related queries were selected and submitted to both Google and ChatGPT. Three domain experts assessed the results for their currency of information, reliability of the source, objectivity, relevance to the query, and similarity of their response. The readability of the results was also analyzed. Interrater reliability coefficients were calculated for all outcomes.

RESULTS

Google had superior currency and higher reliability. ChatGPT results were evaluated as more objective. ChatGPT had a significantly higher response relevance, while Google often drew upon sources that were referral services for dementia care or service providers themselves. The readability was low for both platforms, especially for ChatGPT (mean grade level 12.17, SD 1.94) compared to Google (mean grade level 9.86, SD 3.47). The similarity between the content of ChatGPT and Google responses was rated as high for 13 (21.7%) responses, medium for 16 (26.7%) responses, and low for 31 (51.6%) responses.

CONCLUSIONS

Both Google and ChatGPT have strengths and weaknesses. ChatGPT rarely includes the source of a result. Google more often provides a date for and a known reliable source of the response compared to ChatGPT, whereas ChatGPT supplies more relevant responses to queries. The results of ChatGPT may be out of date and often do not specify a validity time stamp. Google sometimes returns results based on commercial entities. The readability scores for both indicate that responses are often not appropriate for persons with low health literacy skills. In the future, the addition of both the source and the date of health-related information and availability in other languages may increase the value of these platforms for both nonmedical and medical professionals.
Навіщо дбати про душевну рівновагу кардіологічних пацієнтів?
Authors: Mavrodii V.M.
Published: May 2023

У статті розглянуто зв’язок між наслідками гострого й хронічного стресу і серцево-судинною патологією. Показано негативний вплив стресу на ініціацію психосоматичних, тривожно-депресивних станів. Наявність цих станів асоційована з підвищеними серцево-судинними ризиками у хворих з ішемічною хворобою серця, артеріальною гіпертензією, серцевою недостатністю, інсультом тощо. Для діагностики психосоматичних, тривожно-депресивних станів має значення сукупність психічних і соматовегетативних симптомів, аналіз самооцінки пацієнтів, наприклад, за шкалами GAD-7, PHQ-9, HADS A/D, PSS-10. Для додаткового лікування обґрунтовано застосування бензодіазепінових і небензодіазепінових анксіолітиків. Додаткова фармакотерапія із застосуванням антидепресанту й антиконвульсанту показана у випадках тяжких тривожних розладів. У випадках інсомнії можливе короткочасне призначення селективного агоніста ГАМК-А-рецепторного комплексу. Усунення психовегетативних розладів, тривожно-депресивних станів у кардіологічних пацієнтів супроводжується зменшенням серцево-судинних ризиків, серцевої смертності та госпіталізації, поліпшує перебіг основного захворювання і якість життя кардіологічних пацієнтів.
Особливості перебігу артеріальної гіпертензії у пацієнтів під час широкомасштабного вторгнення в Україні
Authors: Torbas O.O. , Progonov S.O.
Published: May 2023

Мета: оцінити вплив різних зовнішніх чинників та стресу внаслідок широкомасштабного військового вторгнення на добовий профіль артеріального тиску (АТ). Матеріали та методи. Це ретроспективний аналіз обстежених пацієнтів, яким було проведено ДМАТ за останні 5 років. Ми розділили умовно період спостереження на декілька часових інтервалів: група «Війна», група «До вій-ни», група «Ковід», група «Спокій», у які методом випадкових чисел було відібрано по 20 пацієнтів. Усім пацієнтам було проведено ДМАТ за допомогою приладу Watch BP 03 (Microlife AG, Швейцарія). Було сформовано базу даних та проведено статистичний аналіз результатів за допомогою програмного пакета IBM SPSS 26.0. Результати. Усі групи були порівнянними за віком, гендерним складом та середньодобовими параметрами АТ і ЧСС. Пацієнти були середнього віку, чоловіків і жінок у всіх групах було порівну, порівнянні за результатами середньодобових САТ, ДАТ, ПАТ і ЧСС. Ми виявили, що у групі «Війна» був достовірно нижчий відсоток зниження САТ і ДАТ уночі порівняно із усіма іншими групами (7,6 ± 1,3 % для САТ і 10,2 ± 1,4 % для ДАТ). Стандартне відхилення САТ і ДАТ було достовірно вищим у групі «До війни» (19,8 ± 1,1 та 14,2 ± 0,7 відповідно) порівняно із групами «Війна» (16,0 ± 0,9 та 11,7 ± 0,6 відповідно) та «Ковід» (16,2 ± 0,7 та 11,8±0,7 відповідно). Найбільша частота нон-диперів для САТ і ДАТ спостерігалася у групі «Війна» (60 і 45% відповідно). Висновки. Під час війни у пацієнтів із АГ зниження САТ і ДАТ вночі виявилося достовірно нижчим, ніж у групах «До війни», «Ковід», «Спокій». Також у цій групі відмічалася більша кількість нон-диперів.
Estudio y trabajo en tiempos de pandemia: vivencias compartidas
Authors: Meléndez Chávez Sendy
Published: May 2023

Este texto aborda la situación que enfrentaron algunos jóvenes durante la pandemia del covid-19, al tener que combinar sus estudios con el trabajo y arriesgar su vida y su formación. Ante este contexto, la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Veracruzana (uv) implementó el Programa de Apoyo a la Formación Integral del Estudiante (pafi), el cual ofreció tutorías para reducir el riesgo de reprobación y deserción de los estudiantes, especialmente durante la pandemia. Como docentes, sentimos la responsabilidad de apoyar y motivar a los jóvenes en riesgo a través de diversas estrategias. Este texto enfatiza la importancia de la práctica docente y la reflexión crítica para enfrentar situaciones especiales, como lo ilustra un estudio de caso que muestra el papel fundamental del educador en la formación y el apoyo de estudiantes que se encuentran en una doble situación de riesgo: ser estudiante y trabajador al mismo tiempo. Estos jóvenes deben contribuir a la economía de sus hogares mientras cumplen con sus obligaciones académicas, como asistir a clases, realizar tareas y actividades, y entregar trabajos a tiempo para su evaluación y aprobación.
Alimentación y clases virtuales: experiencias de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Vacio Muro Ma. de los Ángeles , Salazar Garza Martha Leticia , Floriano Zermeño Gian Carlo , Díaz Esparza Alberto
Published: May 2023

El confinamiento debido a la pandemia de covid-19 ha tenido un impacto en la vida de los estudiantes universitarios, especialmente en su alimentación. Estudiar desde casa ha afectado la motivación, la interacción social y las conductas relacionadas con la salud. Si bien ya se ha documentado que una vez que los jóvenes ingresan a la universidad, establecen malos hábitos de alimentación a causa del cambio en su rutina diaria, el confinamiento ha agravado la dificultad de mantener una alimentación saludable en esta etapa de vida. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las experiencias de los universitarios al estudiar desde casa y su impacto en su alimentación. Se entrevistaron grupos de jóvenes universitarios que pasaron de estudiar en modalidad presencial a estudiar en modalidad virtual. Los participantes hablaron sobre las ventajas y desventajas de estudiar desde casa para mantener una alimentación saludable, así como los cambios que implementaron para mejorar su salud. Los jóvenes reconocieron su responsabilidad de mantener hábitos alimentarios saludables y actividad física para disminuir el estrés.
El pez cebra: mi compañero de investigación contra el cáncer
Authors: Ceballos Cancino Gisela , Sánchez Guerrero Silvia Arantza
Published: May 2023

Los casos de cáncer y la frecuencia con la que se presentan entre la población aumentan cada año, causando múltiples y devastadores efectos para los pacientes. Actualmente se sabe que diversos factores y mecanismos moleculares se ven involucrados en la progresión del cáncer. Sin embargo, a pesar de los grandes avances que se han realizado en el estudio del cáncer, a la fecha no existe un método único para diagnosticar y tratar a todos los pacientes con esta enfermedad. Es por ello que la investigación de este padecimiento complejo debe ser abordada con un modelo de estudio que involucre múltiples factores y variables, que se asemejen lo más posible a lo que sucede en el cuerpo humano. Contar con un modelo de estudio muy parecido al humano y que además permita estudiar en poco tiempo el proceso de formación y progresión del cáncer redundará en beneficios importantes para los pacientes. Por lo tanto, en el presente artículo se abordan algunas características del cáncer y las ventajas que tiene el uso del pez cebra como modelo de estudio para investigar esta enfermedad.
El problema del cuerpo y la muerte: contingencia y ausencia
Authors: Cruz Ocaña Luis Ernesto
Published: May 2023

A partir de la lectura de un breve texto titulado Limbo eterno FM-2030, escrito por la investigadora argentina Flavia Costa, este artículo presenta un conjunto de reflexiones para mostrar el modo en que la filosofía moderna y el proyecto transhumanista contemporáneo han luchado contra el cuerpo y la muerte en un afán por superar su condición contingente. El temor a “ser un ausente”, a no mantenerse con vida, nos ha llevado a la formulación de diversas técnicas orientadas hacia el mejoramiento constante del mundo y de nosotros mismos en la búsqueda de la inmortalidad. De acuerdo con este modo de pensar, la condición humana, marcada por la vulnerabilidad y la fragilidad, puede y debe ser superada, de ahí que uno de los ideales más perseguidos en los últimos cinco siglos sigue siendo la previsión y planificación absoluta de la vida cotidiana. Previsibilidad es igual a orden, orden igual a progreso, progreso igual a riqueza. Capitalismo, ciencia y tecnología caminan de la mano en su lucha contra el cuerpo y la muerte, contra la contingencia y la ausencia.
FIRST RECORD OF COMPLETE ALBINISM IN A SPECIES OF THE GENUS Pristimantis JIMÉNEZ DE LA ESPADA, 1870 (ANURA: STRABOMANTIDAE) IN THE ECUADORIAN ANDES
Authors: Culebras Jaime , Angiolani Francesca
Published: May 2023

We found an albino individual of the genus Pristimantis in the Ecuadorian Andes. This is the first case of complete albinism for direct-developing anurans in the Neotropics and the first record in amphibians for Ecuador.
FIRST REPORT OF PREDATION OF Imantodes cenchoa (COLUBRIDAE) ON Basiliscus galeritus (CORYTOPHANIDAE) IN A TROPICAL HUMID FOREST IN COLOMBIA
Authors: Gonzalez Acosta Cristian , Culebras Jaime , Erb Eric
Published: May 2023

We report the first predation event of the red-headed Basilisk (Basiliscus galeritus) by the Blunt-headed treesnake (Imantodes cenchoa) in a tropical rainforest in Colombia. This new record contributes to a better understanding of the natural history and trophic ecology of two species of reptiles in their predator-prey interaction.
THE DISTRESS CALL AND RANGE EXTENSION OF THE HERMOSAS ROBBER FROG, Pristimantis racemus (ANURA: STRABOMANTIDAE)
Authors: Pisso Florez Gustavo Adolfo , Liévano-Bonilla Andrés Felipe , Mendoza-Henao Angela M. , Duarte-Marín Sebastián
Published: May 2023

Despite the high species richness in Pristimantis frogs, their acoustic repertoire remains poorly known, particularly defensive acoustic signals such as the distress call that have gone largely undocumented. Herein, we provide quantitative data of the distress call emitted by a female of Pristimantis racemus and extend the geographical distribution 187 km south from previously known localities in the southwestern Colombian Andes.
PRESENCE OF Hypopachus ustus (ANURA: MICROHYLIDAE) AFTER MORE THAN FOUR DECADES WITHOUT RECORDS IN SINALOA, MEXICO
Authors: Castro Bastidas Héctor Alexis , Barraza Herrera Eber Alan , Barreras Gaxiola Raúl , Loc Barragán Jesús Alberto
Published: May 2023

We document the presence of Hypopachus ustus in Sinaloa after 41 years without records of the species in that state based on observation of an individual from southern Sinaloa.
NEW RECORD OF Crotalus pricei (SQUAMATA: VIPERIDAE) FROM SINALOA, MÉXICO
Authors: Gamez-Duarte Edgar Alberto , Jacobo-González José David , Castro-Bastidas Héctor Alexis , Lara Resendiz Rafael Alejandro
Published: May 2023

We report the first record of the twin-spotted rattlesnake (Crotalus pricei) in the “Golden Triangule” region in Sinaloa. Until now, there was only records in Sonora, Chihuahua, and Durango, but in this work, we confirm the presence of this species in the state.
The Philosophical Significance of the Representational Theory of Measurement —RTM as Semantic Foundations
Authors: Wolff J.E.
Published: May 2023

The Representational Theory of Measurement (RTM), especially the canonical three volume Foundations of Measurement by Krantz et al., is a landmark accomplishment in our understanding of measurement. Despite this, it has been far from easy to pinpoint what exactly we can learn about measurement from RTM, and who the target audience for RTM’s formal results should be. In what sense does RTM provide foundations of measurement, and what is the philosophical significance of such foundations? I argue that RTM provides semantic foundations of measurement, and that their philosophical significance lies in a shift towards structural representation.
Contents and Vehicles in Analog Perception
Authors: Beck Jacob
Published: May 2023

Building on Christopher Peacocke’s account of analog perceptual content and my own account of analog perceptual vehicles, I defend three claims: that the perception of magnitudes often has analog contents; that the perception of magnitudes often has analog vehicles; and that the first claim is true in virtue of the second —that is, the analog vehicles help to ground the analog contents.