bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skin occlusive performance: Sustainable alternatives for petrolatum in skincare formulations
Authors: Pinto Juliana Rodrigues , Monteiro e Silva Silas Arandas , Holsback Valéria de Souza Santos , Leonardi Gislaine Ricci
Published: January 2022

Background

The emollients are important ingredients used in skincare formulations that can act as moisturizing agents through their occlusive potential, preventing skin water loss. Consumer interest in natural and sustainable products has grown considerably in the last few years, requiring efforts from the cosmetic industry to design products with raw materials of natural, organic, and sustainable origin. Thus, it is essential to improve the knowledge about the behavior of cosmetic raw materials that can be used as sustainable alternatives to synthetic ingredients.

Aim

This work aimed to evaluate the occlusive performance of different vegetable oils used as emollients in skincare cosmetics, through comparative analysis with petrolatum, a synthetic emollient with a high occlusive skin potential.

Method

The study included 80 healthy female adult volunteers. TEWL measurements were performed before and after 15 min, 2 and 6 h of emollients application on the forearms of the research participants. All research participants provided written informed consent.

Results

The results obtained showed that the vegetable oils were effective in providing an occlusive effect on the skin. When compared to the petrolatum, the vegetable oils did not provide a high immediate skin occlusion effect. However, most of them showed a skin occlusion performance comparable to petrolatum throughout the 6 h time course.

Conclusion

Vegetable oils can be used as a sustainable alternative to synthetic emollients, and they are promising in replacing petrolatum in skincare formulations with respect to the occlusion effect of the skin. The vegetable oils did not provide a high immediate skin occlusion effect (15 min post‐application) as the petrolatum, which is known to have increased occlusion properties. However, most of them showed a skin occlusion performance comparable to petrolatum throughout the 6‐hour time course.
Liquidity Fluctuations in Over‐the‐Counter Markets
Authors: MAURIN VINCENT
Published: January 2022

This paper proposes a theory of excess price fluctuations in over‐the‐counter secondary markets. When heterogeneous assets trade under asymmetric information, a quality effect emerges: high liquidity lowers the quality of the pool of sellers and decreases future liquidity. Cyclical equilibria can arise even without fundamental shocks. In a cycle, investors speculate by bidding up the price of low‐quality assets, anticipating a high resale price at the peak. When this resale effect is strong, cycles disappear and multiple steady states coexist with different levels of liquidity. The model rationalizes empirical patterns for corporate bonds and housing in particular.
Paediatric asthma education: Implementation of video‐based education for families
Authors: Frydenberg Alexis , Oborne Naomi , Polley Clare , Littlejohn Emily , Gray Amy
Published: January 2022

Aim

To understand the impact of an asthma education video resource introduced to the short stay unit (SSU) of a tertiary paediatric hospital on: (i) parental understanding of and confidence in managing their child's asthma; (ii) the impact of this resource on nurse‐led education practices; and (iii) readmission rates.

Methods

A mixed methods study was conducted in the SSU over an 18‐month period using quantitative survey data from parents and nursing staff and qualitative data from nursing staff focus groups.

Results

Of 117 parents surveyed, 94% reported an increase in their understanding of asthma. Following the introduction of the resource, there were fewer nurse‐led education sessions delivered (1.91 vs. 1.54, P = 0.04) and a trend towards reduction in time spent delivering this education (27.24 vs. 24.98 min, P = 0.47). Nursing staff confidence in the family's understanding of asthma education was similar pre‐ and post‐implementation (4.22 vs. 4.30, P = 0.97). Readmission rates dropped by 25% (readmissions within 1 month) and by 33.3% (readmission within a week) in the post‐intervention cohort.

Conclusions

Our asthma education video resource was demonstrated to be an acceptable and effective way of delivering asthma education to families. It created efficiency and consistency for nursing education and practice in our SSU. This resource was viewed by nursing staff as a useful adjunct to their education, enabling consistent messaging and helping structure education delivery. It has been incorporated into hospital systems and national resources which we hope will translate to a reduction in burden of asthma across the community.
Impaired dental implant osseointegration in rat with streptozotocin‐induced diabetes
Authors: Saito Natsumi , Mikami Risako , Mizutani Koji , Takeda Kohei , Kominato Hiromi , Kido Daisuke , Ikeda Yuichi , Buranasin Prima , Nakagawa Keita , Takemura Shu , Ueno Takeshi , Hosaka Keiichi , Hanawa Takao , Shinomura Tamayuki , Iwata Takanori
Published: January 2022

Objective

Few studies have reported on the impact of oxidative stress on the dental implant failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of hyperglycemia‐induced oxidative stress on dental implant osseointegration in diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods

Acid‐treated titanium implants were bilaterally placed in the maxillary alveolar ridge of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic (DM group) and control rats after extraction of first molars. Histological analysis and micro‐push‐out test were performed 4 weeks after surgery. Oxidative stress and osteogenic markers in the surrounding bone were quantified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. In the in vitro study, rat bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were cultured on acid‐treated titanium discs in a high‐glucose (HG) or normal environment. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and extracellular calcification were evaluated following antioxidant treatment with N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC).

Results

The implant survival rate was 92.9% and 75.0% in control and DM group, respectively. Bone‐implant contact and push‐out loads were significantly lower in the DM group. Expression of superoxide dismutase 1 at the mRNA level and on immunohistochemistry was significantly lower in the DM group. In vitro experiments revealed that the HG condition significantly increased ROS expression and suppressed the proliferation and extracellular calcification of BMMSCs, while NAC treatment significantly restored ROS expression, cell proliferation, and calcification. The ALP activity of both groups was not significantly different.

Conclusion

In diabetes, high‐glucose‐induced oxidative stress downregulates proliferation and calcification of BMMSCs, impairing osseointegration and leading to implant failure.
Semaphorin 3A attenuates the hypoxia suppression of osteogenesis in periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Chang Xiaochi , Zhou Fengyi , Bu Lingxue , Wang Nan , Deng Jing , Wang Shuai
Published: January 2022

Objective and Background

The occurrence and development of periodontitis are closely related to hypoxia of the periodontal microenvironment. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are considered to have potential to regenerate periodontal tissues. Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) plays an essential role in promoting osteogenesis. However, the effect of Sema3A on osteogenesis of PDLSCs under hypoxia remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Sema3A on osteogenesis of PDLSCs under hypoxia.

Methods

Isolated PDLSCs were identified using flow cytometry. Adipogenic differentiation potential was identified by oil red O staining. Osteogenesis was measured using Alizarin Red S staining and ALP staining. Intracellular hypoxia was induced using cobalt chloride (CoCl2). The expression level of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) was detected via ELISA. Expression of osteogenic markers and Sema3A was analyzed using western blot and real‐time PCR.

Results

The proliferation and osteogenesis of PDLSCs were markedly inhibited with increased concentrations of CoCl2. Under the treatment with a low concentration of CoCl2, expression of related osteogenic markers and Sema3A decreased in a time‐dependent manner. ARS and ALP staining results also showed that osteogenic calcification decreased under hypoxia. Apigenin, an inhibitor of HIF‐1α, effectively up‐regulated expression of Sema3A and osteogenic markers with CoCl2 treatment. Moreover, exogenous Sema3A significantly increased the expression of osteogenesis‐related markers and mineralization of PDLSCs according to ALP and ARS staining with CoCl2 treatment.

Conclusions

Hypoxia markedly inhibited osteogenesis of PDLSCs. Sema3A explicitly attenuated the hypoxia suppression of osteogenesis in PDLSCs.
Viral Entanglements: Bodies, Belonging and Truth‐claims in Health Borderlands
Authors: Kasstan Ben
Published: January 2022

This article contributes to anthropological debates surrounding borderlands and biosecurity by tracing the multiple pursuits of protection that emerge between the state and minorities during infectious disease outbreaks. Drawing on an ethnographic study of child health in Jerusalem following epidemics of measles and COVID‐19, the article demonstrates how responses to public health interventions are less about compliance or indiscipline than a competing pursuit of immunity to preserve religious lifeworlds. The voices of Orthodox Jews are situated alongside printed broadsides that circulated anonymous truth‐claims in Jerusalem neighborhoods. These broadsides cast state intervention against historical narratives of deception and ethical failures. Borderland tensions, like a virus, mutate and influence responses to authority and biosecurity, and they reconfigure vernacular entanglements of religion, state, and health. The article encourages anthropologists to consider responses to public health interventions and non‐vaccination beyond a COVID‐19 silo, as part of situated relations between states and minority populations.
Signatures of natural selection in a foundation tree along Mediterranean climatic gradients
Authors: Filipe João Carlos , Rymer Paul D. , Byrne Margaret , Hardy Giles , Mazanec Richard , Ahrens Collin W.
Published: January 2022

Temperature and precipitation regimes are rapidly changing, resulting in forest dieback and extinction events, particularly in Mediterranean‐type climates (MTC). Forest management that enhance forests’ resilience is urgently required, however adaptation to climates in heterogeneous landscapes with multiple selection pressures is complex. For widespread trees in MTC we hypothesized that: patterns of local adaptation are associated with climate; precipitation is a stronger factor of adaptation than temperature; functionally related genes show similar signatures of adaptation; and adaptive variants are independently sorting across the landscape. We sampled 28 populations across the geographic distribution of Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah), in South‐west Western Australia, and obtained 13,534 independent single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers across the genome. Three genotype‐association analyses that employ different ways of correcting population structure were used to identify putatively adapted SNPs associated with independent climate variables. While overall levels of population differentiation were low (FST = 0.04), environmental association analyses found a total of 2336 unique SNPs associated with temperature and precipitation variables, with 1440 SNPs annotated to genic regions. Considerable allelic turnover was identified for SNPs associated with temperature seasonality and mean precipitation of the warmest quarter, suggesting that both temperature and precipitation are important factors in adaptation. SNPs with similar gene functions had analogous allelic turnover along climate gradients, while SNPs among temperature and precipitation variables had uncorrelated patterns of adaptation. These contrasting patterns provide evidence that there may be standing genomic variation adapted to current climate gradients, providing the basis for adaptive management strategies to bolster forest resilience in the future.
Effect of phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitor rolipram on colonic hypermotility in water avoidance stress rat model
Authors: Yuan FangTing , Ren HaiXia , Tan Wei , Wang Ying , Luo HeSheng
Published: January 2022

Background

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition has been reported to play a role in regulating gut motility, but the evidence is insufficient, and the mechanism remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of phosphodiesterase‐4 (PDE4) inhibitor rolipram in water avoidance stress‐induced colonic hypermotility.

Methods

A rat model of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with diarrhea (IBS‐D) was established by water avoidance stress (WAS). Intestinal motility was assessed by fecal pellets expulsion per hour. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and nitric oxide (NO) level in colon tissue were detected using ELISA assay and the Griess test, respectively. Western blotting was performed to assess the protein level of PDE, PKA/p‐CREB, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the colon. To determine the role of rolipram in gut motility, the rats of the WAS + Rolipram and Rolipram group were injected with rolipram intraperitoneally. The colonic contractile activity was recorded with a RM6240 multichannel physiological signal system.

Key Results: WAS‐induced gastrointestinal hypermotility and increased defecation in rats. After repeated stress, protein levels of PDE4 in the colon were promoted while PKA/p‐CREB and nNOS were highly decreased. cAMP content in colon tissue did not change significantly. However, NO content decreased after WAS, and rolipram partly enhanced NO in WAS‐exposed rats. In addition, intraperitoneal injection of rolipram partly inhibited the colonic motility in vivo. Meanwhile, we observed rolipram inhibited the contraction of colonic smooth muscle strips, and this inhibitory effect was abolished by Nω‐Nitro‐L‐arginine (L‐NNA), a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, tetrodotoxin (TTX), a blocker of neuronal voltage‐dependent Na+ channels, Rp‐Adenosine 3’,5'‐cyclic monophosphorothioate triethylammonium salt hydrate (Rp‐cAMPS), an antagonist of cAMP.

Conclusions and Inferences: Rolipram could relieve stress‐induced gastrointestinal hypermotility. This effect may be partly through the cAMP‐PKA‐p‐CREB pathway and NO pathway.
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma with metaplastic bone formation—A deceptive radiological presentation
Authors: Nel Chané , Robinson Liam , van Heerden Willie F. P.
Published: January 2022

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is one of the most common primary salivary gland malignancies in both children and adults. MECs containing calcifications are rare, but well described in the literature. In contrast, there are only two case reports of MECs showing intra‐tumoural bone formation. MECs associated with calcifications occur more frequently in minor salivary glands, compared to bone formation, which is more commonly seen in major glands. This possibly points to a different pathogenic mechanism. Calcifications of the head and neck region are generally diagnosed on conventional imaging by combining the anatomical location with the pattern of calcification. The radiological findings of MECs containing calcifications or bone formation may mimic benign inflammatory processes such as sialoliths. The purpose of this paper is to report three additional cases of MEC containing metaplastic bone formation. These cases presented as painless swellings with radiological signs that could easily be mistaken for dystrophic calcifications. The clinical relevance of the paper is to make clinicians aware of the deceptive radiological appearance of this entity.
The molecular basis of zinc homeostasis in cereals
Authors: Amini Sahand , Arsova Borjana , Hanikenne Marc
Published: January 2022

Plants require zinc (Zn) as an essential cofactor for diverse molecular, cellular and physiological functions. Zn is crucial for crop yield, but is one of the most limiting micronutrients in soils. Grasses like rice, wheat, maize and barley are crucial sources of food and nutrients for humans. Zn deficiency in these species therefore not only reduces annual yield but also directly results in Zn malnutrition of more than two billion people in the world. There has been good progress in understanding Zn homeostasis and Zn deficiency mechanisms in plants. However, our current knowledge of monocots, including grasses, remains insufficient. In this review, we provide a summary of our knowledge of molecular Zn homeostasis mechanisms in monocots, with a focus on important cereal crops. We additionally highlight divergences in Zn homeostasis of monocots and the dicot model Arabidopsis thaliana, as well as important gaps in our knowledge that need to be addressed in future research on Zn homeostasis in cereal monocots.
N400 event‐related brain potential and functional outcome in persons at clinical high risk for psychosis: A longitudinal study
Authors: Lepock Jennifer R. , Mizrahi Romina , Gerritsen Cory J. , Bagby R. Michael , Maheandiran Margaret , Ahmed Sarah , Korostil Michele , Kiang Michael
Published: January 2022

Background

The N400 event‐related brain potential (ERP) semantic priming effect is thought to reflect activation by meaningful stimuli of related concepts in semantic memory and has been found to be deficient in schizophrenia. We tested the hypothesis that, among individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, N400 semantic priming deficits predict worse symptomatic and functional outcomes after one year.

Methods

We measured N400 semantic priming at baseline in CHR patients (n = 47) and healthy control participants (n = 25) who viewed prime words each followed by a related or unrelated target word, at stimulus‐onset asynchronies (SOAs) of 300 or 750 ms. We measured patients' psychosis‐like symptoms with the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) Positive subscale, and academic/occupational and social functioning with the Global Functioning (GF):Role and Social scales, respectively, at baseline and one‐year follow‐up (n = 29).

Results

CHR patients exhibited less N400 semantic priming than controls across SOAs; planned contrasts indicated this difference was significant at the 750‐ms but not the 300‐ms SOA. In patients, reduced N400 semantic priming at the 750‐ms SOA was associated with lower GF:Social scores at follow‐up, and greater GF:Social decrements from baseline to follow‐up. Patients' N400 semantic priming was not associated with SOPS Positive or GF:Role scores at follow‐up, or change in these from baseline to follow‐up.

Conclusions

In CHR patients, reduced N400 semantic priming at baseline predicted worse social functioning after one year, and greater decline in social functioning over this period. Thus, the N400 may be a useful prognostic biomarker of real‐world functional outcome in CHR patients.
Safety and long‐term outcomes of early liver transplantation for pediatric methylmalonic acidemia patients
Authors: Lin Niang‐Cheng , Tsai Hsin‐Lin , Chen Cheng‐Yen , Yeh Yi‐Ting , Lei Hao‐Jan , Chou Shu‐Cheng , Chung Meng‐Hsuan , Yang Chia‐Feng , Niu Dau‐Ming , Loong Che‐Chuan , Hsia Cheng‐Yuan , Liu Chin‐Su
Published: January 2022

Background

LT is a treatment option for MMA patients, but renal function impairment is one of the long‐term concerns. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of early LT in these patients.

Methods

A total of 11 MMA mut‐type patients (including 10 mut0 cases and 1 mut‐case) who received LT in our institute were reviewed. Their metabolic profiles were compared between the pre/post‐transplant periods. Their immunosuppressant and renal function changes after transplantation were assessed.

Results

After a mean follow‐up of 97.5 ± 38.4 months, there were two deaths, and the actual survival rate was 81.8%. Their metabolic profiles had improved (mean blood ammonia level 366.8 ± 105.5 vs. 53.1 ± 17.4 μg/dl, p < .001; C3/C2 ratio 2.68 ± 0.87 vs. 0.73 ± 0.22, p = .003; mean urine MMA level 920.5 ± 376.6 vs. 196.2 ± 85.4, p = .067), and hospital stays were decreased (78.8 ± 74.5 vs. 7.4 ± 7.0 days/year, p = .009) after transplantation. The mean age at transplant was 1.81 ± 2.02 years old, and nine of these patients received LT before the age of 1.5 years old (early LT). Under prospective immunosuppressant dose reduction, three of these early LT patients discontinued the drug and were sustained for more than 5 years. Most of the patients had a preserved renal function, and no patient is currently on dialysis.

Conclusions

In addition to the improvement in the metabolic parameters, early LT in MMA patients may allow for a dose reduction of the immunosuppressant, and the patient's renal function could be preserved in the long term.
The multiple streams framework in a nondemocracy: The infeasibility of a national ban on live poultry sales in China
Authors: van den Dool Annemieke
Published: January 2022

In response to calls to apply the multiple streams framework to nondemocracies, this article adapts the framework to an authoritarian context and applies it to a case study of live poultry sales in food markets in China, a key issue in epidemic prevention. Using a dataset consisting of Chinese policy documents, Chinese news articles, World Health Organization data, and secondary literature, the study shows that despite the public health threat posed by live poultry sales and despite high‐level political support, a national‐level permanent ban has not been adopted because it is technically infeasible, financially inviable, and inconsistent with existing norms and values. The study suggests that—despite the country's top‐down governance style and lack of political pluralism—policy preferences expressed by members of the policy‐making elite are not necessarily adopted in authoritarian China. Future research should test the proposed hypotheses in other policy areas and other authoritarian contexts.
Differences in resident prey survival on newly created shell and established natural intertidal oyster reefs
Authors: Walters Keith , Martin Charles W. , Funk Thomas S.
Published: January 2022

Established natural oyster reefs historically provide a three‐dimensionally complex habitat utilized by a variety of resident and transient species, but newly created reefs designed to counter the loss of natural reefs initially may lack similar complexity. The loosely stacked shells of newly created reefs little resemble the vertically interconnected live and dead shell matrix typical of older reefs. Reduced complexity on created reefs may alter predator–prey dynamics and negatively affect ecological functions typically associated with natural reefs. We examined select physical characteristics (e.g. shell morphology) and short‐term survival of reef‐resident prey to determine if differences exist between newly created (<1‐year‐old shell bags) and established natural intertidal reefs in South Carolina. Shell physical characteristics differed consistently between reefs, with greater numbers of smaller and lighter shells found on natural reefs. However, short‐term survival of crabs (Panopeid sp.) and mussels (Geukensia demissa) generally was not dependent on reef type. The few instances of reef dependent prey survival were either inconsistent with expected results, assuming reduced complexity on created reefs, or not supported by effect size analyses. Evidence indicates that adding shell bags to create oyster reefs in intertidal environments almost immediately increases resident species survival similar to that on existing natural reefs and leads to the rapid return of a major ecosystem service associated with coastal oyster reefs.
The right to a healthy environment: Reconceptualizing human rights in the face of climate change
Authors: Cima Elena
Published: January 2022

There is hardly any doubt that climate change threatens the enjoyment of a wide range of human rights. Yet, in the absence of a distinct right to a healthy environment, a victim of climate change impacts would have to rely on existing rights to bring a claim. However, not only are these avenues not always successful or even sufficient to effectively and adequately compensate the victims, but they appear especially problematic in the context of climate change. This article explores the implications of the recognition of a stand‐alone substantive right to a healthy environment in the context of climate change. In doing so, it argues that such a recognition could trigger a paradigm shift that would facilitate the reconceptualization of human rights law to better adapt to the negative impacts of climate change, in particular by incorporating key environmental law principles in the human rights system.
Transformation Model Based Regression with Dependently Truncated and Independently Censored Data
Authors: Qian Jing , Chiou Sy Han , Betensky Rebecca A.
Published: January 2022

Truncated survival data arise when the event time is observed only if it falls within a subject specific region. The conventional risk-set adjusted Kaplan–Meier estimator or Cox model can be used for estimation of the event time distribution or regression coefficient. However, the validity of these approaches relies on the assumption of quasi-independence between truncation and event times. One model that can be used for the estimation of the survival function under dependent truncation is a structural transformation model that relates a latent, quasi-independent truncation time to the observed dependent truncation time and the event time. The transformation model approach is appealing for its simple interpretation, computational simplicity and flexibility. In this paper, we extend the transformation model approach to the regression setting. We propose three methods based on this model, in addition to a piecewise transformation model that adds greater flexibility. We investigate the performance of the proposed models through simulation studies and apply them to a study on cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center. We have developed an R package, tranSurv, for implementation of our method.
Sinus lift technique and dental implants for rehabilitation for a Down syndrome patient with tomographic 3‐years follow‐up
Authors: Comparin Lizandra Lopes , Filho Ricardo Pasquini , Deliberador Tatiana , de Souza Gizelli , Tatim Thiago , Müller Paulo Roberto , Moreno Rubens
Published: January 2022

Down Syndrome or trisomy 21 (T21) is a genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra chromosome in pair 21 and is related to a high prevalence of agenesis of permanent teeth and periodontal alterations that may be associated to the loss of permanent teeth at early ages. With the increase in life expectancy of people with T21 in the last decades, it is necessary to expand the knowledge to offer possibilities of treatment with dental implants, aiming to serve this aging population. Aims: The aim of this article is to report a surgical procedure of sinus lift to enable the installation of dental implants in the posterior region of the maxilla. Methods and results: A 50 year‐old patient with T21 was rehabilitated with implants, simultaneously with sinus lift surgery, by the lateral window technique, using xenogenous bone graft and fibrin‐rich plasma. After 1 year, the patient was rehabilitated with prosthetics on implants. Conclusion: The feasibility of this technique in patients with Down syndrome could be observed, after 3 years of follow up, with favorable clinical results.
Threats to Belonging and Health: Understanding the Impact of the COVID‐19 Pandemic using Decades of Research
Authors: Jaremka Lisa M. , Kane Heidi S. , Bell Ann V.
Published: January 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic, an external stressor with multiple stressful sequelae, has fundamentally changed people's lives over multiple years. In this article, we first review research demonstrating that the pandemic has negatively impacted people's sense of belonging and health over time. Next, we draw upon decades of theoretical and empirical work demonstrating that threats to belonging and mental health problems are highly interrelated, with increases in the former driving increases in the latter. We then extend this discussion to physical health, drawing upon a wealth of theoretical and empirical work demonstrating that threats to belonging are a risk factor for longer term health problems and premature mortality. We also highlight potential mechanisms linking threats to belonging and health, with a focus on sleep and immune function. Throughout, we review how pre‐existing vulnerabilities may moderate these processes. We conclude with empirically supported recommendations for policymakers interested in addressing these issues.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Business and Management Studies, Vol. 7, No. 4
Authors: Willianms Ellery
Published: January 2022

Business and Management Studies (BMS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether BMS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 4 Abdul-Kahar Adam, University of Education, Winneba, GhanaDalia Susniene, Kaunas University of Technology, LithuaniaIulia Cristina Muresan, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaIza Gigauri, St. Andrew the First-Called Georgian University, GeorgiaJayalakshmy Ramachandran, Multimedia University, Malaysia
Numerical Investigation of Flow Over Oscillating Cambered Foil at Low Reynolds Number
Authors: Shaik Masuruddin , Hazarika Shyamanta M.
Published: January 2022

This paper aims to investigate the effect of pitching amplitude, mean angle of attack and frequency of oscillation on the propulsive characteristics of a harmonically oscillating cambered airfoil at Reynolds number of 5×104. The flow field around the foil is analyzed to study the influence of the above parameters and to understand the reasons behind the positive thrust force generation. It is observed that the instantaneous force coefficients of the airfoil vary both qualitatively and quantitatively with respect to change in the above-mentioned parameters. A transition of wake from Karman vortex to reverse Karman vortex is observed. It is also observed that the formation and convection of the leading edge vortex over the airfoil surface has a strong impact on the drag-thrust transition. It is also noticed that the change in the location of the pitching axis has a significant influence over thrust force generation and propulsion efficiency of the airfoil.
Low Equivalent Circulating Density Organoclay-Free Invert Emulsion Drilling Fluids
Authors: Wagle Vikrant , AlYami Abdullah , Onoriode Michael , Butcher Jacques
Published: January 2022

High pressure and high temperature (HPHT) wells especially those with narrow pore/fracture pressure gradient margins present challenges in drilling. Maintaining optimum and low rheology for such wells becomes a challenge where a slight change in the bottom-hole pressure conditions can lead to nonproductive time. However, maintaining low viscosity profile for a drilling fluid can pose a dual challenge in terms of maintaining effective hole-cleaning and barite-sag resistance. This paper describes the formulation of 95pcf medium-density organoclay-free invert emulsion drilling fluids (OCIEF) with a low viscosity profile. The fluids gave lower plastic viscosity (PV), which ensured that the fluid presents low equivalent circulating density (ECD) contribution while drilling/circulating. These fluids were formulated with acid-soluble manganese tetroxide as weighting agent and a specially designed bridging-agent package. The fluids were hot rolled at 300 °F and their filtration and rheological properties were measured. The paper describes the static-aging, contamination, and high pressure/high temperature rheology measurements of the fluids at 300 °F. Particle plugging experiments were performed on the fluids to determine the invasion characteristics and the nondamaging nature of the fluids. These organoclay-free invert emulsion fluids (OCIEFs) were then field-trialed in different wells with good results. Field deployment of the 95pcf organoclay-free invert emulsion fluid helped to maintain the required hole stability in the high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) well. The well was displaced to 95pcf production screen test (PST) fluid and completed with a 4 ½ in. sand screen. The paper demonstrates the superior performance of the developed fluid in achieving the desired lab and field performance.
Biochemical Markers and Wellness Status During a Congested Match Play Period in Elite Soccer Players
Authors: Saidi Karim , Zouhal Hassane , Boullosa Daniel , Dupont Gregory , Hackney Anthony C. , Bideau Benoit , Granacher Urs , Ben Abderrahman Abderraouf
Published: January 2022

Objectives: To analyze biochemical markers, wellness status, and physical fitness in elite soccer players in relation to changes in training and match exposure during a congested period of match play. Methods: Fourteen elite soccer players were evaluated 3 times (T1, T2, and T3) over 12 weeks (T1–T2: 6-wk regular period of match play and T2–T3: 6-wk congested period of match play). Players performed vertical jump tests, repeated shuttle sprint ability test, and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test at T1, T2, and T3. Plasma C-reactive protein, creatinine, and creatine kinase were analyzed at T1, T2, and T3. Wellness status was measured daily using the Hopper questionnaire (delayed onset of muscle soreness, stress, fatigue, and sleep quality). Training session rating of perceived exertion was also recorded on a daily basis. Results: A significant increase was found in stress, fatigue, delayed onset of muscle soreness scores, and Hopper index during the congested period (between T2 and T3) compared with the regular period (between T1 and T2) (.001 < P < .008, 0.8 < ES < 2.3). Between T2 and T3, significant relationships were found between the percentage variations (Δ%) of C-reactive protein, and Δ% of creatine kinase with the Hopper Index, and the Δ% of fatigue score. In addition, the Δ% of fatigue score and Δ% of delayed onset of muscle soreness score correlated with Δ% Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test and Δ% best of repeated shuttle sprint ability test (.49 < r < P < .01). Conclusions: An intensive period of congested match play significantly compromised elite soccer players’ physical fitness and wellness status. Elite soccer players’ wellness status reflects declines in physical fitness during this period while biochemical changes do not.
“As Falcons, We Are One Team!” Launching a Grassroots Institutional Change Initiative to Promote Diversity and Inclusion Through Sport at an NCAA Division I Institution
Authors: Kluch Yannick , Rentner Terry L.
Published: January 2022

Colleges and universities across the nation are grappling with issues related to diversity and inclusion on their campuses. This case study approaches diversity and inclusion efforts on college campuses from a student perspective. It outlines a grassroots initiative, developed by students and supported by student-athletes, that illustrates the powerful voice students can have in shaping institutional culture. This case study describes the success of We Are One Team, the 2017 recipient of the NCAA’s Award for Diversity and Inclusion, the Association’s highest award for institutional efforts for diversity and inclusion in intercollegiate athletics. Informed by institutional theory, the case study provides students with action steps toward promoting diversity and inclusion through sport and explains how We Are One Team succeeded at driving inclusive excellence on campus.
Dentofacial manifestations of fetal warfarin syndrome in a paediatric patient
Authors: Rahul Morankar , Shrivastava Nikhil , Tewari Nitesh , Mathur Vijay
Published: January 2022

Anticoagulant therapy is commonly indicated during pregnancy to prevent thrombosis and prevention of prosthetic heart valve-associated thromboembolic events. Warfarin is a synthetic anticoagulant with low molecular weight and can cross the placenta resulting in congenital abnormalities termed fetal warfarin syndrome. This paper highlights the case of an 8-year-old boy with warfarin embryopathy. It highlights the extraoral and intraoral findings of the case along with the cephalometric analysis and provides insight into the phenotypic variations among the different cases reported in the literature.
Non-infective cystitis secondary to benralizumab immunotherapy
Authors: Murray Toby , Haagsma Ben , Chetwood Andrew
Published: January 2022

This case study discusses a patient who presented with severe lower urinary tract symptoms and pain after commencing immunotherapy for eosinophilic asthma. Initial aetiology was presumed to be infective but cultures were negative. Cross-sectional imaging showed extensive perivesical and periprostatic stranding and inflammation. He was initially treated with antibiotics and anti-inflammatories but a lack of clinical improvement led to a rigid cystoscopy which identified an inflamed, oedematous urothelium which was biopsied. Histology demonstrated extensive, full thickness superficial detrusor inflammation, with marked congestion, oedema and a mixed inflammatory infiltrate in keeping with a severe active chronic non-infectious cystitis, possibly secondary to benralizumab therapy. His benralizumab was stopped and his symptoms completely settled. We believe this is the first described case of severe non-infective cystitis which may be secondary to benralizumab. This case adds to the isolated reports of this rare side effect of some of the newer biological agents in use.
Extensive porto-splenic venous thrombosis postsplenectomy in a sickle cell disease: a rare complication
Authors: Al Barhi Tamadher , Wali Yasser , Al Sibai Sareyah , Al Balushi Zainab
Published: January 2022

Hereditary haemoglobinopathies are common disorders in Oman. The most common haematological disorder among Omani population is sickle cell disease (SCD). The spleen is one of the organs that is affected early in the first decade of life in SCD patients. Splenectomy has shown a high success rate in improving the quality of life in SCD patients, through eliminating acute splenic sequestration crises, thus reducing the need for hospital admission and transfusion requirements. One of the rare complications of splenectomy is porto-splenic vein thrombosis. Multiple factors are responsible for this complication including: thermal and mechanical injury during ligation of splenic hilum, sudden increase in the platelet count and large spleen size. We report a rare case of extensive porto-splenic vein thrombosis that responded to early initiation of anticoagulation with resolution of the thrombosis and recanalisation.
Immunotherapy in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer in a patient with Grave’s disease: safety and biomarkers of response
Authors: Vilaça Marta , Silva Catarina , Estevinho Fernanda , Magalhães Helena
Published: January 2022

Patients with cancer and pre-existing autoimmune diseases have been excluded from immunotherapy clinical trials. So, studying these patients who received immunotherapy is critical to increasing evidence of the treatment’s safety and efficacy in this population. Furthermore, a complete and durable response to immunotherapy in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is rare. Therefore, it is imperative to study patients with a complete response in order to identify potential predictors of response to immunotherapy. In this case report, we highlight a 62-year-old man with a smoking history and Graves’ disease who achieved a complete response with immunotherapy for metastatic NSCLC, with a long-lasting response and no immune-related adverse events. Male gender, high programmed death-ligand 1 expression, current smokers, epidermal growth factor receptor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase wild types could be biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors presented at baseline. Caution should be exercised when interpreting this finding because it represents our patient.
Sudden cardiac arrest as a presenting symptom of mitral valve prolapse
Authors: Aderibigbe Folasade J , Mckenzie Keore , Shillingford Michael S , Ferns Sunita
Published: January 2022

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common and predominantly benign condition; however, occasional reports of cardiac arrest in individuals with MVP have raised concern for a malignant subtype. The risk of sudden cardiac arrest in MVP is twice as high as that in the general population. The exact aetiology and risk predictors are elusive, but identification is necessary, if we are to protect patients at risk for cardiac arrest. This report highlights cardiac arrest as the initial presenting symptom of MVP. Rapid initiation of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and time to first shock are key predictors of prognosis. Better screening to identify individuals with malignant phenotypes may aid in reducing the morbidity and mortality in patients with a predisposition for life-threatening arrhythmias.
Delayed autoimmune haemolytic anaemia after artesunate therapy for severe malaria
Authors: Abohelwa Mostafa , Agusala Veena , Hassan Mona , Gharamti Amal
Published: January 2022

We report the case of a 51-year-old man with severe malaria, who developed delayed autoimmune haemolytic anaemia following artesunate therapy. Delayed autoimmune haemolytic anaemia following artesunate therapy has been previously described. Its diagnosis can be challenging in the setting of possible dengue coinfection. Clinicians should be vigilant of this potential side effect of artesunate therapy, especially in patients who later develop signs and symptoms of haemolytic anaemia.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor–induced diabetes mellitus with pembrolizumab
Authors: Zand Irani Anis , Almuwais Ahmed , Gibbons Holly
Published: January 2022

An 81-year-old woman with a background of metastatic melanoma on pembrolizumab with no history of diabetes was brought into the emergency department with polyuria, polydipsia and weight loss. The initial assessment was consistent with severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and prerenal acute kidney injury with no clinical evidence of infection. The patient was treated with fluid resuscitation and an insulin infusion and eventually transitioned to a basal-bolus insulin regime, which was continued after discharge. Diabetes autoantibody screen returned negative, and she was diagnosed with immune checkpoint inhibitor–induced diabetes mellitus (ICI-induced DM) due to pembrolizumab. The patient has clinically improved and pembrolizumab was continued. The aim of this report is to highlight the importance of recognising ICI-induced DM as a rare immune-related adverse event in patients receiving programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death protein-ligand 1 inhibitor therapy and provide clinicians with insight into immune checkpoint endocrinopathies with an emphasis on diabetes and DKA.
Mechanical bull riding in early childhood: a preventable cause of serious injury
Authors: Ross Erin E , Garcia Iris , Anderson Melissa , Spurrier Ryan
Published: January 2022

Our institution saw three cases of moderate to severe injury in children under 7 years of age caused by falls from mechanical bulls at private parties. Injuries sustained included long bone fracture, skull fracture and intracranial haemorrhage. The circumstances of these injuries led our institution’s injury prevention team to investigate the safety protocols of local vendors, revealing limited regulation of safety equipment, rider age or height minimums and training for the operation of mechanical bulls. This information was reported to the US Consumer Product Safety Commission in order to reduce instances of these serious injuries in young children.
Adalimumab-induced sensory vasculitic neuropathy
Authors: Sim Nicholas Keyi , Ismail Azzam , Alam Taimour , Shanmugarajah Priya Devi
Published: January 2022

Vasculitis and other autoimmune conditions are known complications of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor use. By definition, TNF-α inhibitor induced vasculitis is a secondary systemic vasculitis. However, its phenotype is varied and can present as an isolated vasculitic neuropathy. This presents a diagnostic challenge as the gold standard for diagnosis of a vasculitic neuropathy is a peripheral nerve biopsy that meets predefined histopathological criteria. Given the poor sensitivity of the peripheral nerve biopsy, it is important that clinicians take a good history and maintain a high index of suspicion, as this is a treatable iatrogenic condition. Here we present a case of adalimumab-induced sensory vasculitic neuropathy, treated according to the Peripheral Nerve Society guideline for non-systemic vasculitic neuropathy, given her disease phenotype.
Seizure as the presenting sign of idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Sayal Aman Pal , Vyas Manav , Micieli Jonathan A
Published: January 2022

A 38-year-old man presented to the emergency room with a new generalised tonic-clonic seizure. He also complained of headaches, and brain MRI/magnetic resonance venography (MRV) showed an anterior left temporal encephalocoele with gliosis and brain parenchyma herniating into the left foramen ovale. Ophthalmic examination revealed bilateral optic disc oedema and his lumbar puncture confirmed an elevated opening pressure of 48 cm of water. He was diagnosed with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and his papilloedema resolved with weight loss and acetazolamide. Raised intracranial pressure (ICP) can be associated with encephalocoeles and lead to seizures. It is important to screen for papilloedema in these patients as they are at risk for permanent vision loss. This was a unique case in which IIH was diagnosed only after a seizure due to an encephalocoele, which was likely related to chronically undetected raised ICP.
Gastric volvulus and tension gastrothorax secondary to spontaneous transdiaphragmatic intercostal hernia
Authors: Bennet Simon , Wang Michael , Spiro Calista , Tog Chek
Published: January 2022

Spontaneous transdiaphragmatic intercostal hernia is an extremely rare clinical entity featuring dual defects in the diaphragm and chest wall. We report on the case of a 59-year-old man who developed a large left-sided hernia secondary to the minor trauma of a coughing fit. The hernia subsequently enlarged over the course of 3 years until it contained the stomach, leading to a gastric volvulus and tension gastrothorax with secondary pneumothorax. A subtotal gastrectomy was performed with Roux-en-Y reconstruction, and he made a full recovery.
Asymptomatic rupture of an intracranial dermoid cyst: to intervene or not to intervene?
Authors: Wilson Robert Peter
Published: January 2022

Dermoid cysts are an exceedingly rare phenomenon inside the cranial vault. These benign, slow-growing lesions can rupture, releasing cyst contents into the ventricular system and subarachnoid space causing pathology in the form of chemical meningitis and vasospasm. Here, we present the case of a 26-year-old man who was investigated for a facial nerve palsy and was incidentally found to have a ruptured dermoid cyst in the pineal region, with dissemination of cyst contents throughout the ventricular system.