bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polydatin Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via SIRT6-Mediated Autophagy Activation
Authors: Li Zhen , Zhou Lu , Du Yiwei , Li Huirong , Feng Lan , Li Xiangnan , Han Xiao , Liu Hongbao
Published: September 2022

In the treatment of malignant tumors, the effectiveness of cisplatin (CP) is limited by its nephrotoxicity, leading to cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (CP-AKI). Polydatin (PD) has been demonstrated to regulate autophagy in tumors, sepsis, and diabetes. We have recently confirmed that PD attenuated CP-AKI by inhibiting ferroptosis, but it is not clear whether PD can regulate autophagy to protect from CP-AKI. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PD on autophagy in CP-treated HK-2 cells and CP-AKI mouse models, exploring the role of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) upregulated by PD. In this study, the blocking of autophagy flux was observed in both CP-treated HK-2 cells in vitro and CP-AKI mouse models in vivo, whereas this blocking was reversed by PD, which was characterized by the increase of autophagy microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 II expression and autophagolysosome/autophagosome ratio and the decrease of p62 expression. Furthermore, PD also significantly increased the expression of SIRT6 in vivo and in vitro. The protective effect of PD manifested by the stimulating of autophagy flux, with the reducing of inflammatory response and oxidative stress, which included downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, decreased activity of myeloperoxidase and content of malondialdehyde, and increased activity of superoxide dismutase and level of glutathione, both in vivo and in vitro, was reversed by either inhibition of autophagy flux by chloroquine or downregulation of SIRT6 by OSS-128167. Taken together, the present findings provide the first evidence demonstrating that PD exhibited nephroprotective effects on CP-AKI by restoring SIRT6-mediated autophagy flux mechanisms.
Presbiopia e Ametropias
Authors: Souza Sidney Julio de Faria e
Published: September 2022

A despeito da presbiopia e dos vícios de refração interferirem na magnitude e qualidade da resolução visual, elas têm origem e características distintas. O objetivo deste manuscrito é o de explicar como cada uma dessas condições é definida e como elas causam sinais e sintomas oculares.
Apresentação
Authors: Furtado João Marcello , Oliveira Italo Pena de
Published: September 2022

não se aplica
Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio for the Assessment of Intermediate Left Main Coronary Artery Stenosis: Correlations With Fractional Flow Reserve/Intravascular Ultrasound and Prognostic Implications: The iLITRO-EPIC07 Study
Authors: Rodriguez-Leor Oriol , de la Torre Hernández José María , García-Camarero Tamara , García del Blanco Bruno , López-Palop Ramón , Fernández-Nofrerías Eduard , Cuellas Ramón Carlos , Jiménez-Kockar Marcelo , Jiménez-Mazuecos Jesús , Fernández Salinas Francisco , Gómez-Lara Josep , Brugaletta Salvatore , Alfonso Fernando , Palma Ricardo , Gómez-Menchero Antonio E. , Millán Raúl , Tejada Ponce David , Linares Vicente José Antonio , Ojeda Soledad , Pinar Eduardo , Fernández-Pelegrina Estefanía , Morales-Ponce Francisco J. , Cid-Álvarez Ana Belén , Rama-Merchan Juan Carlos , Molina Navarro Eduardo , Escaned Javier , Pérez de Prado Armando ,   on behalf of the iLITRO-EPIC07 Study Investigators
Published: September 2022

Background:

There is little information available on agreement between fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) in left main coronary artery (LMCA) intermediate stenosis. Besides, several meta-analyses support the use of FFR to guide LMCA revascularization, but limited information is available on iFR in this setting. Our aims were to establish the concordance between FFR and iFR in intermediate LMCA lesions, to evaluate with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in cases of FFR/iFR discordance, and to prospectively validate the safety of deferring revascularization based on a hybrid decision-making strategy combining iFR and IVUS.

Methods:

Prospective, observational, multicenter registry with 300 consecutive patients with intermediate LMCA stenosis who underwent FFR and iFR and, in case of discordance, IVUS and minimal lumen area measurements. Primary clinical end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, LMCA lesion-related nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unplanned LMCA revascularization.

Results:

FFR and iFR had an agreement of 80% (both positive in 67 and both negative in 167 patients); in case of disagreement (31 FFR+/iFR– and 29 FFR−/iFR+) minimal lumen area was ≥6 mm
2
in 8.7% of patients with FFR+ and 14.6% with iFR+. Among the 300 patients, 105 (35%) underwent revascularization and 181 (60%) were deferred according to iFR and IVUS. At a median follow-up of 20 months, major adverse cardiac events incidence was 8.3% in the defer group and 13.3% in the revascularization group (hazard ratio, 0.71 [95% CI 0.30–1.72];
P
=0.45).

Conclusions:

In patients with intermediate LMCA stenosis, a physiology-guided treatment decision is feasible either with FFR or iFR with moderate concordance between both indices. In case of disagreement, the use of IVUS may be useful to indicate revascularization. Deferral of revascularization based on iFR appears to be safe in terms of major adverse cardiac events.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03767621.
Impaired Dynamic Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca Buffering in Autosomal Dominant CPVT2
Authors: Wleklinski Matthew J. , Kryshtal Dmytro O. , Kim Kyungsoo , Parikh Shan S. , Blackwell Daniel J. , Marty Isabelle , Iyer V. Ramesh , Knollmann Bjӧrn C.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia syndrome triggered by catecholamines released during exercise, stress, or sudden emotion. Variants in the calsequestrin-2 gene (
CASQ2
), encoding the major calcium (Ca) binding protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), are the second most common cause of CPVT. Recently, several
CASQ2
gene variants, such as
CASQ2
-K180R, have been linked to an autosomal dominant form of Casq2-linked CPVT (CPVT2), but the underlying mechanism is not known.

Methods:

A K180R mouse model was generated using CRIPSR/Cas9. Heterozygous and homozygous K180R mice were studied using telemetry ECG recordings in vivo. Ventricular cardiomyocytes were isolated and studied using fluorescent Ca indicators and patch clamp. Expression levels and localization of SR Ca-handling proteins were evaluated using Western blotting and immunostaining. Intra-SR Ca kinetics were quantified using low-affinity Ca indicators.

Results:

K180R mice exhibit an autosomal dominant CPVT phenotype following exercise or catecholamine stress. Upon catecholamine stress, K180R ventricular cardiomyocytes exhibit increased spontaneous SR Ca release events, triggering delayed afterdepolarizations and spontaneous beats. K180R had no effect on levels of Casq2, Casq2 polymers, or other SR Ca-handling proteins. Intra-SR Ca measurements revealed that K180R impaired dynamic intra-SR Ca buffering, resulting in a more rapid rise of free Ca in the SR during diastole. Steady-state SR Ca buffering and total SR Ca content were not changed. Consistent with the reduced dynamic intra-SR buffering, K180R causes reduced SR Ca release refractoriness.

Conclusions:

CASQ2-K180R
causes CPVT2 via a heretofore unknown mechanism that differs from
CASQ2
variants associated with autosomal recessive CPVT2. Unlike autosomal recessive
CASQ2
variants, K180R impairs the dynamic buffering of Ca within the SR without affecting total SR Ca content or Casq2 protein levels. Our data provide insight into the molecular mechanism underlying autosomal dominant CPVT2.
Wearable Seismocardiography‐Based Assessment of Stroke Volume in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Ganti Venu G. , Gazi Asim H. , An Sungtae , Srivatsa Adith V. , Nevius Brandi N. , Nichols Christopher J. , Carek Andrew M. , Fares Munes , Abdulkarim Mubeena , Hussain Tarique , Greil F. Gerald , Etemadi Mozziyar , Inan Omer T. , Tandon Animesh
Published: September 2022

Background

Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for the development of low cardiac output and other physiologic derangements, which could be detected early through continuous stroke volume (SV) measurement. Unfortunately, existing SV measurement methods are limited in the clinic because of their invasiveness (eg, thermodilution), location (eg, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging), or unreliability (eg, bioimpedance). Multimodal wearable sensing, leveraging the seismocardiogram, a sternal vibration signal associated with cardiomechanical activity, offers a means to monitoring SV conveniently, affordably, and continuously. However, it has not been evaluated in a population with significant anatomical and physiological differences (ie, children with CHD) or compared against a true gold standard (ie, cardiac magnetic resonance). Here, we present the feasibility of wearable estimation of SV in a diverse CHD population (N=45 patients).

Methods and Results

We used our chest‐worn wearable biosensor to measure baseline ECG and seismocardiogram signals from patients with CHD before and after their routine cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, and derived features from the measured signals, predominantly systolic time intervals, to estimate SV using ridge regression. Wearable signal features achieved acceptable SV estimation (28% error with respect to cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging) in a held‐out test set, per cardiac output measurement guidelines, with a root‐mean‐square error of 11.48 mL and
R
2
of 0.76. Additionally, we observed that using a combination of electrical and cardiomechanical features surpassed the performance of either modality alone.

Conclusions

A convenient wearable biosensor that estimates SV enables remote monitoring of cardiac function and may potentially help identify decompensation in patients with CHD.
Plasma Human Cartilage Glycoprotein‐39 Is Associated With the Prognosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Xu Tian , Zhang Kaixin , Zhong Chongke , Zhu Zhengbao , Zheng Xiaowei , Yang Pinni , Che Bizhong , Lu Yaling , Zhang Yonghong
Published: September 2022

Background

To evaluate the prognostic value of plasma YKL‐40 (human cartilage glycoprotein‐39) for acute ischemic stroke.

Methods and Results

We measured plasma YKL‐40 levels in 3377 participants from CATIS (China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke). Study outcome data on death, major disability (modified Rankin Scale score ≥3), and vascular diseases were collected at 3 months after stroke onset. The primary outcome was defined as a combination of death and major disability. During the 3‐month follow‐up, 828 participants (24.5%) experienced major disability or died. After multivariate adjustment, the highest YKL‐40 quartile was associated with an increased risk of the primary outcome (odds ratio, 1.426 [95% CI, 1.105–1.839];
P
trend
=0.01) compared with the lowest quartile. Each SD increase in log‐transformed YKL‐40 level was associated with a 15.5% (95% CI, 5.6–26.3%) increased risk of the primary outcome. The multivariable‐adjusted spline regression models showed a linear dose–response relationship between YKL‐40 and clinical outcomes. Adding YKL‐40 to a model containing conventional risk factors significantly improved the reclassification power for the primary outcome (net reclassification improvement: 15.61%,
P
<0.001; integrated discrimination index: 0.37%,
P
=0.004) and marginally significantly improved the discriminatory power for the primary outcome (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve improved by 0.003,
P
=0.099).

Conclusions

A higher YKL‐40 level in the acute phase of ischemic stroke was associated with an increased risk of mortality and major disability at 3 months after stroke, indicating that YKL‐40 may play an important role as a prognostic marker of ischemic stroke.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01840072.
Understanding Kindness in the Russian Context
Authors: Leybina Anna V. , Kashapov Mergalyas M.
Published: September 2022

Background. Kindness and acts of kindness have the potential to cause tremendously positive effects on subjective well-being, reflected in improvements in mental and physical health, and interpersonal relationships. Fostering knowledge about kindness may help in self-development and psychotherapeutic interventions aimed to improve an individual’s emotional well-being. However, existing research data and understanding of this phenomenon in Russia, as well as descriptions of acts of kindness, are presently relatively limited. Objective. To study the Russian understanding of kindness, its meaning in the Russian context; to categorize a variety of identified acts of kindness; and to define kindness based on the data derived from a Russian sample. Design. There were 291 Russian participants, recruited using an online recruiting platform, who filled out an online questionnaire that identified definitions of kindness with corresponding examples. Also captured in the sample were the participant’s age, gender, and religiosity. The data underwent qualitative analysis through open, axial, and focused coding. Results. As a result of qualitative analysis, four theme categories emerged to define kindness: a) personal states and qualities (one’s own states and self-perception, moral values and qualities, self-regulation and emotional stability); b) openness to others (attention to others, love and positive attitude); c) emotional and cognitive understanding of others and tolerance, actions and behavior (altruistic sacrifice, help, politeness and respect, forgiveness, generosity, pleasing actions). Concrete examples of kind acts and behavior were categorized. A definition of kindness was formulated based on the data. Conclusion. The research results can be used in training, counselling, and therapeutic sessions to increase subjective well-being. Directions for further research have been defined.
New Psychometric Evidence of a Bifactor Structure of the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) in Ecuadorian College Students
Authors: Moreta-Herrera Rodrigo , Perdomo-Pérez Mónica , Vaca-Quintana Diego , Sánchez-Vélez Hernán , Camacho-Bonilla Pamela , Vásquez de la Bandera Fabricio , Dominguez-Lara Sergio , Caycho-Rodríguez Tomás
Published: September 2022

Background. Emotion Regulation comprises a set of strategies (cognitive, emotional, and physiological) that allow individuals faced with internal or external stimuli to manage their emotional response, to adapt to the environment, and to achieve goals. The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) is used to assess Emotion Regulation. It has been translated into several languages (including Spanish) and has been adapted around the world, but its psychometric properties have not been tested in Ecuador. Objective. To confirm the bifactor structure of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and its reliability in a sample of Ecuadorian college students. Design. A quantitative and instrumental study using Confirmatory Factor Analysis with Robust Maximum Likelihood estimation. The sample consisted of 400 participants (62.5% women), aged 18 to 25 (M = 21.1; SD = 1.95) from two universities in Ecuador and seven different undergraduate courses.
Preliminary evidence of tool use in an Australian magpie?
Authors: Johnsson Robin D. , Connelly Farley , Lesku John A.
Published: September 2022

We investigated tool use in twelve wild-caught Australian magpies. When presented with a tool use apparatus consisting of two transparent walls with a food reward placed in-between, seven magpies pulled the stick out of the apparatus acquiring the food within. On one occasion, one magpie manipulated the removed stick, carried it back to the apparatus, dropped it between the two walls and proceeded to rake out the food within reach of its beak. We believe this observation is important for the field of comparative cognition as it (1) is the first study to report stick tool use in Australian magpies, and (2) shows a novel behaviour in a ground foraging bird that, as far as we know, do not naturally use tools for food extraction. This study provides preliminary evidence that Australian magpies may be added to the list of bird species that can use tools.
Pakistani Literature Festivals and a Scopaesthesiac Consciousness
Authors: Bilal Mushtaq
Published: September 2022

This paper seeks to understand and theorize Pakistani literature festivals. In order to do so, I study the programs and schedules of the Karachi Literature Festival from 2010–2020 and the Lahore Literary Festival from 2013–2020. Using Andrew Shryock’s idea of Other-consciousness and building on Ammara Maqsood’s anthropological work done in urban Pakistan, I argue that the conception, programming, and execution of festivals like the Karachi and the Lahore festivals are governed by a “scopaesthesiac consciousness” – a consciousness of being observed and judged by an imagined outsider. As a result, the organizers and producers of these festivals are less interested in showcasing an organic literary production and more interested in portraying a “soft image of Pakistan” to an imagined outsider.
From Remote Prisons to Global Readership
Authors: Kivrak Pelin
Published: September 2022

This article examines the complex strategies of composition, translation, and outreach that Behrouz Boochani and Selahattin Demirtaş used while producing works of literature in prison. Whereas Demirtaş has been writing in Turkish and within a prison in Istanbul, Boochani asked for his writing to be published in English when he was detained as a stateless person in a multinational non-space – an offshore center where refugees from all over the world were detained. Instead of categorizing these works as extensions of their authors’ ethnic or national identities, this article reveals how they position themselves vis-à-vis different forms of oppression by producing transnational pieces of world literature.
Kitāb al-aṣwāt: suoni, voci e versi nella lessicografia araba tra VIII e IX secolo
Authors: Bellino Francesca
Published: September 2022

This article is devoted to sounds, voices, calls and cries as defined and conceived in the early Arabic lexicographic tradition (8th–9th century). It discusses the first evidence for the use of the Arabic term ṣawt (pl. aṣwāt) in the Qurʾān and early lexicons. It then examines direct and indirect accounts of the transmission of the Kitāb al-aṣwāt—especially those attributed to Quṭrub (d. 206/821), al-Aṣmaʿī (d. 216/831) and Ibn al-Sikkīt (d. 244/858)—as well as some chapters devoted to the subject in coeval multi-thematic lexicographical works such as those of Abū ʿUbayd al-Qāsim ibn Sallām (d. 244/838) and of the later Ibn Qutayba (d. 276/889). Taken together, the information that emerges from all these texts displays the many shades of meaning that the aṣwāt have taken at the beginning of Arab-Islamic cultural history.
John McLeod Campbell on Christ’s Cry of Dereliction: A Case Study in Trinitarian Hermeneutics
Authors: Jinkins Michael , Reid Stephen Breck
Published: September 2022

Drawing on the thought of the nineteenth-century British theologian, John McLeod Campbell, this study focuses on a pre-critical model of reading scripture from a trinitarian perspective. Campbell advanced an interpretation of Christ’s cry of dereliction in his Nature of the Atonement which was intended both to reinterpret the meaning of the cross in the life of the triune God and to counter the soteriological views which dominated the theological landscape in his time and place. Yet he did this in a way which is largely impossible, as John Macquarrie observed, for ‘those who have been schooled in critical methods.’
Against the Tide: Christian Self-limitation
Authors: Williams David T.
Published: September 2022

The desire for continual growth and expansion is an almost unquestioned part of the modern Western world-view, expressed in technological progress and particularly in economic policy. Such an attitude must be questioned by Christianity in the light of God who limited himself in creation and of the limitation of Christ in incarnation and redemption. Such self-limitation was done from a desire for relationship with the world and in particular with the redeemed. In imitation of this, the Christian attitude should also be of self-limitation, both on a personal level and also on a social level, manifested in attitudes of restricted use of resources and of restriction in population growth.
The Cross and Atonement from Luke to Hebrews
Authors: Anderson Richard H.
Published: September 2022

This article, as a follow up to ‘Theophilus: A Proposal’, explains the significance of Luke's having no theology of the cross (or why he has de-emphasised it) and the meaning of the cross for Luke. In addition the article traces the development of a limited atonement doctrine in Judaism to an unlimited doctrine in the Epistle to the Hebrews and explains why it was necessary to make Jesus the High Priest. Finally, this article explains how Luke cautiously drafted his masterpiece with the beliefs and sensitivities of the High Priest in mind. Each of the issues addressed covers matters not previously discussed in the literature.
Patristic Views on Hell-Part 1
Authors: Keith Graham
Published: September 2022

In this period the doctrine of the last things was yet to be worked out in detail. Apart from the resurrection of the dead and the final judgment, no orthodox consensus was established. With such a climate Origen tried to extend the church's teaching. He tied the traditional idea of a final judgment to God's long-term strategy for the restoration of souls (or intelligences) after they had declined from the contemplation of God. In the process he produced a speculative and controversial picture which revolved round the willing subjection of all things to God. All God's judgments were essentially corrective. This meant that Origen at least considered the possible salvation of the devil and his angels. But his treatment did leave several inconsistencies. This was probably of more use to the church than a systematised dogmatic statement, because it focussed the mind of the church on certain key issues on which it had to work out a biblical consensus.
Response to Daniel Strange and Amos Yong
Authors: Pinnock Clark
Published: September 2022

The author addresses the discussion of his theology by D. Strange and A. Yong, defending his stance as an evangelical who is prepared to be adventurous within a community that contains a wide range of theological views. He briefly defends his version of inclusivism, arguing that it is compatible with evangelicalism.
An Anatomy of Revival
Authors: Gray Tony
Published: September 2022

This article examines the historical and contemporary claims concerning revival, and asks whether in fact the term, in its various uses, is an appropriate description of Christian life. After outlining the contemporary fascination with the idea, and attempts made to describe it, a number of issues of description and debate are addressed. While revival may be a term used by historians to describe certain periods, the arguments for its biblical mandate and contemporary relevance are weak. However, such a conclusion must not make the individual or the church lax in seeking authentic Christian experience, and in proclaiming the gospel to each new generation.
Hope of Jubilee: The Last Word in the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Johnstone William
Published: September 2022

1-2 Chronicles, ‘the last word in the Hebrew Bible’, dramatises the eschatology of the 'Holiness Code' in Leviticus in terms of the history of the human race. Under the three-fold coaxial pyramids of Adam, the first father of the human race, Noah, the second, and Abraham, ‘the father of a multitude of nations’, Israel's history is ushered in to stand centrally as offering the definitive solution to the human condition. Israel is destined to live a life of holiness, i.e., of rendering to God all that is due to him. But the history of Israel as monarchy is one of failure to realise the ideal portrayed in the reign of Solomon. The messiah of the house of David has to be subordinated to the primary model of the ideal relationship with God expressed through Torah. It is the Torah of Jubilee, as expounded in Leviticus 25–26, that offers Israel the hope of definitive Return to the land in the eschaton, acknowledged by the human race as through the edict of Cyrus (2 Ch. 36:22–23). The Chronicler exploits this theology in a number of ways: through the thematic term ma' al ('failure to accord God his due') and atonement made for it, as in the ' asham (‘reparation-offering’) (cf. Lv. 5:14–26; 26:40); the couching of the edict of Cyrus in terms of the proclamation of Jubilee (2 Ch. 36:22; cf. Lv.25:9); the casting of human history into 50 generations (10 from Adam to Noah; 10 from Shem to Abraham; 29 from Isaac to Josiah, with whom, for the Chronicler, the exile begins). The fiftieth, ‘exilic’, generation, of unlimited duration, is that to whom the Jubilee of definitive eschatological Return is proclaimed. Proleptic anticipation of that Return is expressed through the life of Torah, including the practice of the ‘lesser jubilees’ of debt cancellation.
Thomas Torrance’s Reformulation of Karl Barth’s Christological Rejection of Natural Theology
Authors: Morrison John D.
Published: September 2022

Karl Barth is widely noted for his antipathy to all forms of natural theology. Indeed, the results of Barth’s Christocentricity have made his name synonymous with the negation of all divine revelation apart from Christ, the one Word of God. If this is so, then the theology of Thomas Torrance, as a highly significant development of Barth's thought and as vitally concerned with proper natural theology (in dialogue with the physical sciences), becomes a questionable enterprise. This article examines this question and concludes that, while Torrance clearly goes beyond Barth, he is faithful to subthemes in Barth's theology relating to ‘natural theology’, making explicit and bringing to prominence streams of Barthian thought often left unnoticed.
Inspiration and the Freewill Defense Revisited
Authors: Craig William Lane
Published: September 2022

The Christian Church has traditionally held that the inspiration of Holy Scripture is verbal, plenary, and confluent. But such an affirmation may seem to be incoherent. For if Scripture is the product of both divine and human free agency, then it seems impossible that God should have sufficient control of the various authors of Scripture so as to produce a Word that is verbally and plenarily his. A Molinist theory of divine middle knowledge can help us to break this deadlock and craft a doctrine of inspiration that is both orthodox and coherent.
Pollen morphology of the genus Hyacinthella (Asparagaceae) and Muscari azureum in Türkiye
Authors: ACAR ŞAHİN AYDAN , EROĞLU HÜSEYİN
Published: September 2022

Pollen morphology of 11 taxa belonging to genus Hyacinthella and also Muscari azureum were examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results were evaluated with multivariate analyses. Pollen grains of Hyacinthella taxa are suboblate and oblate with 24.7–32.47 µm in the polar axis (P) to 29.72–41.5 µm in the equatorial diameter (E), and show reticulate-heterobrochate ornamentation. Pollen grains are monosulcate in all studied Hyacinthella taxa while incomplete zonosulcate in M. azureum. Although the pollen grains of the studied taxa of Hyacinthella are morphologically quite similar, the Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) demonstrate that the pollen size, sulcus length, sulcus width, murus thickness, pollen shape, and the lumen number and diameter are the most valuable characters, in the clustering of the studied Hyacinthella taxa. On the other hand, the aperture type was the most important characteristic in the separation of Hyacinthella taxa and Muscari azureum. Furthermore, the length of polar axis, sulcus length, sulcus width, lumen diameter and murus thickness were found significantly different among some species based on ANOVA test. The results indicate that pollen features can be used to separate some of the studied taxa.
Morphological ontogeny of Punctoribates ghilarovi (Acari, Oribatida, Punctoribatidae)
Authors: SENICZAK STANISŁAW , IVAN OTILIA , KACZMAREK SŁAWOMIR , FALEŃCZYK-KOZIRÓG KATARZYNA , SENICZAK ANNA
Published: September 2022

The morphological ontogeny of Punctoribates ghilarovi Shaldybina, 1969 is described and illustrated. This species is most similar to P. mundus Shaldybina, 1973, but is larger than the latter species. The juveniles of P. ghilarovi are light brown, with most prodorsal setae of medium size, except for long seta ro in the larva, and short and smooth seta ex in all instars. The larva has 12 pairs of gastronotal setae, including h3, the nymphs have 15 pairs. Most of them are medium sized and barbed, except for slightly longer dm, dp, lm, lp and h1, and short and smooth h3 in the larva, and short and smooth da and dm, slightly longer dp, and clearly longer h1, h3 and lp in the nymphs. In all juveniles, a humeral organ is present.
Redescription and new record of Odontoscirus nipponicus Shiba, 1985 (Bdellidae: Odontoscirinae) from China with a description of its ontogeny
Authors: WU YOU-FANG , JIN DAO-CHAO , YI TIAN-CI , GUO JIAN-JUN
Published: September 2022

Odontoscirus nipponicus Shiba, 1985 is recorded from China and is redescribed; male, tritonymph, deutonymph, protonymph, and larva are described and illustrated for the first time. Morphological observations on the ontogeny of this species are also provided.
Sensitivity of Traffic Speed to Rainfall
Authors: Salvi Kaustubh Anil , Kumar Mukesh , Hainen Alexander M.
Published: September 2022

Hazardous weather conditions can pose a threat to the functioning of transportation systems. While the impacts of extreme weather events (e.g., hurricanes/tornadoes and flooding) on transportation disruptions have received significant attention, minor transient disturbances in traffic and transport systems due to rainfall events have remained understudied. Given that a road network experiences rainfall events on a regular basis, which in turn likely reduces its efficiency through short-term disruptions, it is imperative to assess the influence of variations in rainfall intensity on the traffic speed. By synergistically using crowdsourced probe vehicle speed data and spatially explicit meteorological data, this study quantifies the sensitivity of traffic speed to rainfall events of different intensities over 1151 road sections within Alabama. It is observed that instead of variations in the rainfall intensity, traffic speed sensitivity is primarily influenced by a road section’s free-flow speed (uninterrupted speed during dry pavement conditions) and antecedent traffic volume. Relative sensitivity of road sections exhibits high consistency over different rainfall intensities across all road sections, thus underscoring the possibility of assessing sensitivities based only on speed data collected during rainfall intensities that are much more frequent. These results may be used to identify road sections and time periods with high sensitivity to rainfall, thus helping in prioritization of mitigation measures.

Significance Statement

To safeguard against hazardous driving conditions during rainfall events, from either compromised visibility or reduced friction between tires and pavement, drivers often reduce vehicle speed. However, the influence of rainfall intensity on traffic speed reduction remains unclear. This study analyzes the sensitivity of traffic speed to rainfall intensity. Our results indicate that, while rainfall indeed leads to traffic speed reductions, the extent of reduction is predominantly influenced by free-flow speed (uninterrupted vehicle speed) of the road section and the traffic volume on it instead of the rainfall intensity. These results may be used to identify high-sensitivity time periods and locations and guide prioritization of mitigation measures.
Prison, College, and the Labor Market: A Critical Analysis by Formerly Incarcerated and Justice-Impacted Students
Authors: Quach Khoi , Cerda-Jara Michael , Deverux Raven , Smith Johnny
Published: September 2022

Enrollment in and navigation of higher learning institutions as a pathway to social mobility remains a significant challenge for many currently and formerly incarcerated people, particularly for those placed under community supervision. This article reviews research on the topic, drawing out key contributory factors and summarizing reform efforts in recent history. We discuss the potential differential benefits of postsecondary educational attainment for formerly incarcerated people and emphasize the need for more research around educational attainment for this population. We also examine effective model programs in the State of California as a way of highlighting the complex and variable nature of the challenges in higher learning for justice-impacted individuals due to their social and supervisory circumstances. These analyses are used as basis for general policy recommendations to provide a stronger foundation for targeted support frameworks and to assist institutional partners working to improve the experience and success of justice-impacted people in postsecondary education. We conclude the article with a critical reflection regarding the institutional function of education in accordance with the current demands of neoliberalism and a concomitant call to action anchored to an alternative vision for a more emancipatory education.
Job-Related Programs for People on Supervision: Reframing the Problem
Authors: Bushway Shawn
Published: September 2022

Job training programs for people under supervision have been based on an economic framework that identifies individuals involved in crime as a disadvantaged group with poor human capital. The best available research evidence has not found that these programs consistently improve employment outcomes. This article reviews the evidence for the effectiveness of standard job training programs and then examines new developments in the field that use alternative frameworks for understanding the roles of such programs. The first alternative is signaling: how people under community supervision use the completion of job training to signal to employers and others that the behavior that led to their conviction is either anomalous or no longer representative of them. The second alternative is a model of desistance known as identity change: the ways in which job training can help individuals solidify a new, more prosocial identity. I make sense of extant work and new alternatives and provide a set of recommendations for change in the community supervision system.
Daylight Saving Time transitions and Cardiovascular Disease in Andalusia: Time Series Modeling and Analysis Using Visibility Graphs
Authors: Rodríguez-Cortés Francisco José , Jiménez-Hornero Jorge E. , Alcalá-Diaz Juan Francisco , Jiménez-Hornero Francisco José , Romero-Cabrera Juan Luis , Cappadona Rosaria , Manfredini Roberto , López-Soto Pablo Jesús
Published: September 2022

The present study aimed to determine whether transitions both to and from daylight saving time (DST) led to an increase in the incidence of hospital admissions for major acute cardiovascular events (MACE). To support the analysis, natural visibility graphs (NVGs) were used with data from Andalusian public hospitals between 2009 and 2019. We calculated the incidence rates of hospital admissions for MACE, and specifically acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke during the 2 weeks leading up to, and 2 weeks after, the DST transition. NVG were applied to identify dynamic patterns. The study included 157 221 patients diagnosed with MACE, 71 992 with AMI (42 975 ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 26 752 non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)), and 51 420 with ischemic stroke. Observed/expected ratios shown an increased risk of AMI (1.06; 95% CI (1.00–1.11); P = .044), NSTEMI (1.12; 95% CI (1.02–1.22); P = .013), and acute coronary syndrome (1.05; 95% CI (1.00–1.10); P = .04) around the autumn DST. The NVG showed slight variations in the daily pattern of pre-DST and post-DST hospitalization admissions for all pathologies, but indicated that the increase in the incidence of hospital admissions after the DST is not sufficient to change the normal pattern significantly.
Institutional Change as a Response to Unrealized Threats: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Bueno de Mesquita Bruce , Smith Alastair
Published: September 2022

Leaders shift political institutions to ameliorate threats to their tenure. The masses might rebel to replace the leader and change institutions. Disloyalty by political insiders might result in a coup. Leaders liberalize when the masses present a greater threat and ‘autocratize’ to dissipate threats from elites. A two-step procedure tests these arguments: (1) The risks of revolution and coup are estimated as a function of leader health, experience, economic conditions and extant institutions. (2) These risks are used to predict institutional change in a heteroskedastic regression model. The magnitude and direction of institutional change depends upon whether the masses or elites pose the greater threat. When both risks are high, leaders must gamble as to which risk they believe is greatest. In such circumstances, institutions are highly volatile even as the aggregate direction of change becomes unclear.
Sound absorption property of hierarchical three-dimensional flat-knitted spacer fabric with microfiber
Authors: Wang Kai , Chen Chaoyu , Ma Pibo
Published: September 2022

The harm of sound pollution to human health is nonnegligible. To construct a good sound absorbent fabric, we proposed a combination of flat-knitting and microfibers, which is a simple and effective way to prepare a hierarchical three-dimensional spacer fabric with macroscopic and microscopic pore structure. The effects of spacer layer structure, surface yarn thickness and sea islands composite filaments split durations on sound absorption property were investigated. The sound absorption property was evaluated by the sound absorption coefficient and noise reduction rate. The results show that the sound absorption property of the spacer fabric is improved by splitting, especially under the middle frequency range (1000–3000 Hz). What is more, the noise reduction rate of our layered hierarchical spacer fabric increased by 4.1% with the thickness decreased by 21.1% compared with a recently reported hierarchical porous sound absorbent fabric.
Saffron geographies of exclusion: The Disturbed Areas Act of Gujarat
Authors: Tejani Sheba
Published: September 2022

This article elucidates the discursive, spatial and procedural mechanisms by which residential segregation and ghettoisation based on religion in Ahmedabad is reproduced and reinforced. It studies the application of the Disturbed Areas Act of Gujarat, a 1986 law ostensibly intended to curb spatial segregation based on religion by preventing the distress sale of property in ‘disturbed areas’ affected by sectarian violence. However, this law is being used for precisely opposite ends and as a tool of ‘ethnocratic urban planning’ to advance the Hindu right’s goal of separate and hierarchical nations based on religion and to actively ‘Hinduise’ urban space. Current practices of the law enable the state to police boundaries between Muslim areas and adjoining Hindu localities, sealing their porosity and preventing the formation of mixed areas by restricting property transfers. The article uses semi-structured interviews, mapping techniques, participant observation and official data as sources of evidence. It maps ‘disturbed areas’ in Ahmedabad for the first time and presents previously unpublished data on applications for property transfers between persons of different religions under the Act. The article argues that ethnocratic planning combines with a range of other vectors, such as targeted anti-Muslim violence, the hindrance of justice and reconciliation thereafter and the persistent vilification of minorities, to produce saffron geographies of exclusion in Ahmedabad. These saffron geographies of exclusion are grids of Hinduised spaces cleansed of Muslim presence that embody the ascendancy of the ideology of Hindutva over the city and simultaneously create Muslim ghettos.
Political Prescriptions: Three Pandemic Stories
Authors: Bharti Nishtha , Sismondo Sergio
Published: September 2022

In this article, we symmetrically explore the political underpinnings and connections of pharmaceutical drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic. We illustrate some different and shifting dynamics of expert-lay interplay, competing knowledge claims in politically charged environments, as well as actions and actors that can bring drugs to prominence. Focusing on three drugs, ivermectin, remdesivir, and Coronil, we offer three axes on which they can be apprehended within political logics: (a) ivermectin as a “populist drug” in the United States, (b) remdesivir as an “establishment drug” in the United States, and (c) Coronil as a “nationalist drug” in India. These three pharmaceuticals were politicized, and perhaps more surprising, politics became pharmaceuticalized. Trust in these treatments was intimately related to articulations of the threats posed by the pandemic and the best ways of addressing them, both manipulated politically by relatively powerful actors.
Evaluation of Test Methods to Identify Asphalt Binders Prone to Surface-initiated Cracking
Authors: Bennert Thomas , Garg Navneet , Ericson Christopher , Cytowicz Nick
Published: September 2022

The fatigue cracking and durability performance of asphalt airfield pavements are highly dependent on the characteristics of the asphalt binder incorporated in the asphalt mixture. Asphalt binders with poor relaxation properties and that are prone to accelerated age hardening typically cause asphalt mixtures to develop issues about raveling and non-load-associated cracking, as well as being highly susceptible to premature load-associated cracking. A research study was conducted to evaluate different asphalt binder test methods that capture key asphalt binder performance parameters, which were found to be highly correlated to asphalt mixture fatigue cracking performance. In Phase 1 of the study, various asphalt binder grades and sources were conditioned at four different levels and compared to the SCB Flexibility Index and IDEAL-CT Index with identical asphalt binders. The Phase 1 work resulted in the identification of three different asphalt binder parameters that ae sensitive to asphalt mixture fatigue cracking: (1) the Glover–Rowe parameter at the intermediate temperature of the mixture; (2) the (loss tangent)2 at the intermediate temperature of the mixture; and (3) the (loss tangent)2 at G* = 10 MPa. In Phase 2 of the study, asphalt binder was recovered from the top ½” of various field cores, evaluated using the parameters identified, and compared to the observed field performance. The laboratory and field studies showed that all three parameters have the potential to be utilized within a purchase specification, as well as for use in forensic studies, to identify asphalt binders that are prone to surface-initiated cracking and durability distress.
Does it pay off to act conscientiously, both now and later? Examining concurrent, lagged, and cumulative effects of state conscientiousness
Authors: Kuijpers Evy , Pickett Jennifer , Wille Bart , Hofmans Joeri
Published: September 2022

Although previous research has shown that both trait and state conscientiousness are positively associated with a wide range of positive life and work outcomes, some studies indicate that acting in a conscientious way is effortful, and that behaving outside one’s conscientiousness related comfort zone (i.e., acting counterhabitual) may lead to cognitive or affective cost. Because these costs are not likely to be evident immediately, we examine how within-person fluctuations in conscientiousness relate to within-person fluctuations in emotional exhaustion, resource depletion, and negative affect, not only concurrently, but also in a delayed fashion and cumulated over time. In two experience sampling studies, we found that higher levels of conscientiousness are concurrently related to lower levels of emotional exhaustion, resource depletion, and negative affect. When looking at delayed effects, no conclusive evidence was found for affective or cognitive costs of (counterhabitual) conscientiousness. Finally, analyzing cumulative effects revealed that repeated negative deviations from one’s typical level of conscientiousness were positively associated to exhaustion, depletion, and negative affect, while repeated positive deviations were negatively associated with depletion and unrelated to exhaustion and negative affect. Altogether, our findings suggest that self-rated conscientious behavior is generally beneficial, even if this behavior goes against one’s typical behavior.
Personalized Prediction of Behaviors and Experiences: An Idiographic Person–Situation Test
Authors: Beck Emorie D. , Jackson Joshua J.
Published: September 2022

A longstanding goal of psychology is to predict the things that people do and feel, but tools to accurately predict future behaviors and experiences remain elusive. In the present study, we used intensive longitudinal data ( N = 104 college-age adults at a midwestern university; total assessments = 5,971) and three machine-learning approaches to investigate the degree to which three future behaviors and experiences—loneliness, procrastination, and studying—could be predicted from past psychological (i.e., personality and affective states), situational (i.e., objective situations and psychological situation cues), and time (i.e., trends, diurnal cycles, time of day, and day of the week) phenomena from an idiographic, person-specific perspective. Rather than pitting persons against situations, such an approach allows psychological phenomena, situations, and time to jointly predict future behaviors and experiences. We found (a) a striking degree of prediction accuracy across participants, (b) that a majority of participants’ future behaviors are predicted by both person and situation features, and (c) that the most important features vary greatly across people.
Robust integrative biclustering for multi-view data
Authors: Zhang Weijie , Wendt Christine , Bowler Russel , Hersh Craig P , Safo Sandra E
Published: September 2022

In many biomedical research, multiple views of data (e.g. genomics, proteomics) are available, and a particular interest might be the detection of sample subgroups characterized by specific groups of variables. Biclustering methods are well-suited for this problem as they assume that specific groups of variables might be relevant only to specific groups of samples. Many biclustering methods exist for detecting row–column clusters in a view but few methods exist for data from multiple views. The few existing algorithms are heavily dependent on regularization parameters for getting row–column clusters, and they impose unnecessary burden on users thus limiting their use in practice. We extend an existing biclustering method based on sparse singular value decomposition for single-view data to data from multiple views. Our method, integrative sparse singular value decomposition (iSSVD), incorporates stability selection to control Type I error rates, estimates the probability of samples and variables to belong to a bicluster, finds stable biclusters, and results in interpretable row–column associations. Simulations and real data analyses show that integrative sparse singular value decomposition outperforms several other single- and multi-view biclustering methods and is able to detect meaningful biclusters. iSSVD is a user-friendly, computationally efficient algorithm that will be useful in many disease subtyping applications.