bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LAYOUT MERCHANDISING AND INVENTORY MANAGEMENT IN RETAIL MARKETING
Authors: Iyer Ms. Aarti , Sarkar Dr. Suvrashis
Published: June 2024

This research study analyses many areas of Decathlon's retail environment and customer experiences, such as store layout planning, recognition of the brand, in-store merchandising influence, shopping problems, and customer impression of self-checkout services. The study's findings show that Decathlon's retail layout planning has a beneficial impact on consumer happiness and repeat visits. However, greater promotion of Decathlon's own brand products is required. The study also emphasizes the importance of aesthetic attractiveness and in-store merchandising for impacting consumer behaviour, which leads to increased sales and engagement. While customers are generally satisfied with Decathlon's stock management, there is room for improvement in terms of self-checkout awareness and consumption. Merchandising is a broad business strategy that involves exhibiting and selling things to customers in order to influence their purchasing decisions and achieve sales targets. To increase visibility and lure potential buyers, it requires careful preparation, efficient promotion, and appealing product presentation. It consists of selecting the suitable products, determining appropriate rates, and attractively packaging items to entice consumers. Merchandising grows beyond simply boosting sales. Decathlon in India always focuses on presenting customers with an enjoyable and engaging shopping experience. This study delivers valuable information that can help Decathlon make decisions to improve retail performance, improve the shopping experience, and attract more loyal customers. The study discusses how Decathlon can improvise its layout merchandising and inventory management for long-term performance in the competitive market by optimizing browse layouts, implementing effective merchandising processes, and strengthening inventory management.
DIGITAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ZOOM CAR AND METHODS TO IMPROVE ITS ONLINE ENGAGEMENT RATE
Authors: P. Subakaran Mr.
Published: June 2024

The Author has made a practical analysis of Zoom Car and its Digital Performance. It is found that Zoom Car has a significant number of Customer Complaints on Social Media Platforms and its Website Traffic has declined during the analysis period. Social Listening Tool was used to gauge the popularity of Zoom Car and Zoom Car had a low Process Score. It is found that there is a high proportion of negative sentiment by customers on online about the company. It is important for Zoom Car to focus on its operations and convert itself into an operationally excellent company.
RURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA: A CASE OF 2022
Authors: Bansal Siddharth Kumar
Published: June 2024

In general, rural entrepreneurship provides support in the development of industries by which the nation can also be developed. While commencing entrepreneurship, people require to get aware of the problems, non-availability, or challenges that may create obstacles in the entire journey of entrepreneurship. The complete study also reveals the problems faced by rural entrepreneurs which involve competition from the outside markets which are also followed by several factors like the difficulties in receiving the grants provided by the government, shortage of family support, shortage of all the available resources, shortage of skills of entrepreneurship, shortage of training, shortage of transportation and the marketing issues. All these rural entrepreneurship developments can be achieved successfully by getting focused on the various problems which also helps in improving the living standard and literacy rate. It is also analysed that it is a significant difference among the educational qualification, age as well as experience of rural entrepreneurs and related to the skills of rural entrepreneurship.
ASSESSMENT OF COPING STRATEGIES LEVEL AMONG PULMONARY TUBERCLOSIS PATIENTS HAVING DOTS THERAPY TREATMENT IN RAJAN BABU TUBERCULOSIS HOSPITAL, NEW DELHI
Authors: Bhati Shantanu
Published: June 2024

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by aerobic acid fast bacilli (AFB). Usually, the organism mainly affects the lungs, causing pulmonary tuberculosis. However, in addition to pulmonary tuberculosis, bones, joints, marrow, lymph nodes, intestines, kidneys, skin, etc., are grouped together. It can affect any organ or body system. This is a chronic disease. Cancer is not only a public health problem, but also a social and economic problem. Smallpox was the first infectious disease to be declared a "global emergency" by the WHO in 1993 because of its toll on individual health and its wider social and economic impact on country development. Cancer is a global health problem. India is one fifth of the world's problems. In 2009, the annual incidence in India was 1.98 million (1/5 of the global burden). About 4 million cases of infection (positive sputum for AFB) (1.5 million new cases added every year (15 million) in 40 years). It causes disease and affects the health of millions of people every year, along with the human immunodeficiency virus. I-IIV) as the main cause of death in the world According to WHO, other people around the world are infected with TB and 5% of people with MI will develop TB in the next five years if not properly diagnosed and treated. In 2014, there were 9.6 million cases of TB, 5.4 million among 3.2 million, and 1.0 million among children. There are also 1.5 TB-related deaths (1.1 million and 0.4 million among HIV-related deaths, HIV disease), approx. 890,000 men, 480,000 women and 140,000 children.
IS EDUCATION IMPORTANT FOR ENTREPRENEURS?
Authors: Kumar Sudesh
Published: June 2024

Entrepreneurship education can be explained as the teachings which educate, train as well as inform the entrepreneurs who represent their interest in participating in the social economic development by the business or project for promoting the Awareness of entrepreneurship, Business Development, or business creation. Moreover, a common myth or misconception is present that entrepreneurship comes naturally or the quality of an entrepreneur comes naturally but it actually needs strategic planning, self-discipline, and dedication. It also requires some kind of background knowledge as well as experience to achieve success.
EXAMINING THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ON ONLINE RETAIL PLATFORMS: AN EMERGING MARKET PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Walden Beulah Hilda , Sekyere Kwame Ntim , Asare Charles , Akude Derrick Nukunu , Owusu William Asamoah
Published: June 2024

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) signifies a significant period marked by the amalgamation of digital, physical, and biological technology, resulting in the transformation of industries and the manner in which humans lead their lives and engage with one another. This chapter examines the influence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) on the online retail sector, with a specific emphasis on emerging markets. This study examines the impact of transformational technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning, Internet of Things (IoT), and mobile-first purchasing, on the evolution of the online retail industry. These technologies have enhanced customer experiences, heightened operational efficiency, and offered novel shopping methodologies. The chapter highlights the significant importance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in comprehending a wide range of consumer preferences, specifically in rising economies characterised by complex market dynamics.
THE PROCESS OF POLICY FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MGNREGA
Authors: Ram Kaku , Vikas Dr.
Published: June 2024

National Rural Employment Guarantee act was avowed on 5th September, 2005 in both houses of the parliament of India and notified in Indian gazette on 7th September, 2005. On 2nd February, 2006, act was started in its first stage in 200 most inelaborate districts of India. In 2007 in its second stage, act was additional extended to 130 India districts and all the remaining districts of India was covered on 1st April 2008. On 2nd October, 2009 on Mahatma Gandhi birth anniversary, NAREGA was retitled as MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act). This scheme works as most practical approach to the problem of rural indigent and unemployment. By providing the guarantee of 100 days employment per annum to every household of rural areas, this act ensures the economic security of rural poor. It is a considerably social safety net program in the world. MGNREGA is first act of its sort that provides an economic safety net through the right to work and provide the sustenance security to every family of rural region. The key purpose of the act is providing employment and to provide inclusive and sustainable development by building roads, canals, bridges, dames etc. with the help of unskilled laborer’s and guarantee them wage for work. The main purpose of this paper is examining the process of policy planning, policy implementation and policy formulation of MGNREGA in India. This study is descriptive in nature which have been used only secondary sources like books, journals, articles and government reports, websites etc.
OPERATIONS 4.0
Authors: Panicker Rogen K , M N Anusha
Published: June 2024

Operations in industrial sectors have changed from manual to mechanized to computerized to connected. Designers give a design brief alongside resource constraints to artificial intelligence systems (AI) to begin proceedings. Clay models have given way to rapid prototyping techniques like three dimensional printing. Demand forecasts are becoming accurate and short term. Quality control has emerged from inspection to Japanese quality tools to machine vision and AI. Processing has evolved from assembly lines to kanban control to flexible manufacturing systems. Handling of materials is now being done intelligently using automated guided vehicles, automated storage retrieval systems and robots. E commerce and M commerce have challenged the concept of facility location. Workforce needs no force anymore; instead they have cobots work with. Planning replenishment and forecasts in supply chains have become transparent. Inventory management has become quicker with radio frequency identification tags and drones. Production planning and scheduling have embraced polca card based quick response system, de bottlenecking software like optimized production technology and advance planning and scheduling systems. Maintenance too have become intelligent and preventive with application of AI. This chapter focuses on the recent trends in major decision areas of operations management, in the context of Industry 4.0.
IMPACT OF ADVERTISING ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR
Authors: Sasi Saranya B
Published: June 2024

Modern marketing is primarily reliant on advertising, a promotional approach that has an impact on consumer buying behaviour. The purpose of advertising is to reach and persuade the targeted customers to purchase and use the products. Many companies use different communication methods like advertising, sales promotion, and public relations. Advertising is non-personal communication that has an impact on audiences; however, television advertisements have the widest impact and are the most powerful medium for advertising.. The corporations might create innovative promotional strategies to boost their brand and make a place in this highly competitive market. The main aim of advertising is to reach out to consumers and impact their level of awareness regarding the brand, change the attitude of prospects, and change their purchasing behaviour. This study examines different factors affecting consumer behaviour and their impact on consumer buying behaviour.
GREEN FINANCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Kanjilal Priyanka
Published: June 2024

This paper examines earlier research on green finance and its effects. It highlights the key concepts in the literature on green finance, such as strategies for advancing green financing through technology and policy, initiatives to make green investments profitable, the role of regulators and financial institutions in the green finance agenda, and challenges with green financing. There are numerous international observations regarding the challenges of green finance and potential solutions. The findings show that green finance has the potential to have a significant impact on society, the environment, and efforts to slow down climate change, but there are still many challenges to be solved, such as a lack of understanding of green finance, a lack of consistency in definitions, and a lack of policy coordination and inconsistent policies, and others for green finance. A reduction in asymmetric information through improved information management systems and more cooperation among stakeholders may pave the way for a more sustainable and long-term economic growth in India. Public awareness and financing choices have also improved.
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN TOURISM
Authors: Nair Dr. Gayathri S
Published: June 2024

View on tourism have changed over years. In tourism, the community involvement has substantial value which became the main attraction. Community involvement in tourism will help to bring sustainable development, economic, social, cultural and environmental benefits. The tourism development highly depends upon the participation and support of community which ensures conservation of culture and environment. Community can provide food and accommodation, transportation, guiding services and local products to the tourists. The objectives of the study are to find out the perception of community towards involvement in tourism and to analyse the economic benefits and threats faced by the community from tourism. The primary data is collected from the local community residing in tourists spots in Thiruvananthapuram.
CHANGING FACE OF MARKETING
Authors: Shaikh Rida K. , Shirsath Dr. Manisha Sandip
Published: June 2024

Change is the only constant Phenomenon and marketing is one of those sector which keeps on changing and moving with every blink of an eye. The marketing world is full of opportunities and changes As a marketer at any experience level, keeping up with these changes isn’t always easy and to succeed in the fast-paced marketing world and maintain a sense of relevance with your audience it's recommended to stay ahead of your competitors. The dynamic world of recent marketing, a realm where innovation, technology, and customer-centricity collide to shape the way businesses connect with their audiences. In this fast-paced landscape, traditional marketing strategies of yesteryears have given way to a new era of creativity and data-driven decision-making.
THE USE OF AUGMENTED REALITY IN EDUCATION
Authors: Kumari Simpi , Raj Rashmi , Kumar Rajneesh
Published: June 2024

The use of digital information that incorporates real-time video of a user's immediate surroundings is known as augmented reality, or simply AR. Several universities are currently embracing augmented reality as well. A smart campus may come from the application of technology in the educational sector. In keeping with that, this essay will go over the various learning contexts where augmented reality is now being applied.
SUSTAINABLE FINANCE –PERSPECTIVE FROM INDIA
Authors: Lahiri Sushanta Joydeep
Published: June 2024

The concept of sustainable development is not only limited to operational aspect but is spread over to all other business areas like marketing, finance, supply chain etc. In rapidly changing world all the imensions is being thought from sustainable angle. Some of the sustainable initiatives are due to change in regulatory framework, some as a strategic initiative to earn future benefits. As a result the conventional activities have been altered to reflect the environmental aspect, like green marketing, green finance, green GDP. This chapter explores green finance with perspective from India. Green finance refers to all the financial investments that goes into creating environmental friendly sustainable development projects and initiatives. The chapter highlights the green investing Principles and then talks about the major initiative taken by regulatory authority to bring sustainable finance in the main domain. The chapter also brings out different types sustainable financial products along with their advantages and disadvantages. It concludes by highlighting the roadblocks to sustainable investing in India.
THE IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION ON FINANCIAL SERVICES - A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL AND DIGITAL BANKING
Authors: Yadav A. Meena
Published: June 2024

Digitalization offers several advantages over physical cash, such as improved traceability, convenience, and reduced risk of loss or damage. The growing popularity of peer-to-peer payment systems like PayPal and the emergence of crypto currencies like Bit coin are indeed indications of the increasing demand for digital cash. However, it is important to note that the transition to an all-digital cash economy is still a gradual process and is unlikely to happen in the near future. While digital banks and mobile wallets provide alternative payment options, physical cash continues to be widely used for various transactions, especially in certain situations or regions where digital infrastructure is not yet fully developed. The presence of ATMs plays a crucial role in providing access to physical cash, especially in areas where bank branches are not easily accessible. ATMs help banks reduce overhead costs by offering self-service options to customers for basic transactions like cash withdrawals, balance inquiries, and deposits. Furthermore, the use of physical cash remains important for certain segments of the population, such as individuals who prefer using cash for small-value transactions, those who are unbanked or under banked, or in situations where digital systems may encounter technical issues or disruptions. While the adoption of digital payment methods is growing, it is likely that a combination of digital and physical cash will coexist for the foreseeable future. The availability and accessibility of digital infrastructure, ongoing advancements in technology, regulatory frameworks, and consumer preferences will all play significant roles in shaping the future of cashless economies. In conclusion, digitalization has had a profound impact on financial services in India, transforming the way transactions are conducted, expanding financial access, enhancing customer experiences, and driving operational efficiencies. As technology continues to advance and digital adoption grows, the financial services landscape in India is likely to witness further innovation and evolution.
ASSESSING FACTORS INFLUENCING STUDENTS SATISFACTION LEVEL POST COURSE ENROLLMENT
Authors: Bhinder Dr. Hardaman
Published: June 2024

In today’s scenario prospective students search for educational institutes that will provide them unique and memorable experiences. Students have wider alternatives available and they have to choose and make decisions for the right choice. Universities have to become more market oriented as they increasingly compete for students. In the last decade expectations of prospective students and demand of the education community has been changed radically for the purpose of attracting and retaining students, universities should aim to fulfil the expectations of prospective students and extend satisfaction post enrolment and take preventive measures to reduce student dissatisfaction level. It is also observed that many youth in Punjab are going abroad to pursue education after their schooling .It is essential to explore what elements of foreign education experience attracts them and which is not they perceived as available in Indian education set up. Satisfaction of students with reference to educational services basically means how the students evaluate their outcomes regarding the education and experiences in the educational institutions (Oliver and Desarbo 1989).Present article objective is to provide a bird eye view on various factors that influence student’s satisfaction level post course enrolment. Factors identified from review of literature as well as secondary data sources.Findings of the present study will provide inputs for government to emphasize on the betterment of universities and not focus solely on teaching and learning as well as research and development.
INVESTIGATING A SPECTRUM OF INVESTMENT AVENUES FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROFESSIONALS WITH A FOCUS ON MAXIMIZING RETURNS
Authors: Parimala. S Ms. , Parwej Mallik Mohd. Anjum
Published: June 2024

Information Technology Industry in India includes Information Technology Services and BPM Sector. The share of this Industry in GDP of India is 7.4% (FY 2022). Estimated Revenue of this sector in FY 2023 is US$ 245 billion. The IT and BPM sector jointly employs 5.4 million people (as of March 2023). This industry is considered to be the most lucrative in terms of salary and employees benefits. The employees in this sector are mostly youngsters with huge salaries and lesser responsibilities. Thus, they have substantial amount in hands to invest and multiply. At the same time they have substantial risk appetite. It would be interesting to explore the investment avenues that these youngsters adopt and find out what is best suited for them. This paper also studies about methods that can be used to maximize returns on their savings.
FACIAL RECOGNITION-BASED ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT USING HAAR CASCADE AND LBPH
Authors: G L Gayathri , Krishnamurthy Vallidevi , Srivastava Kshitij
Published: June 2024

This chapter explores the ideation, development, implementation and evaluation of a Facial Recognition based Attendance System. In the rapidly evolving technological era, the automation of mundane tasks carried about in traditional ways helps transcend the many inefficiencies of human involvement, including repetitive time-consuming workloads and errors. In this chapter, we delve into the integration of facial recognition technology to revolutionise the way attendance is managed. The findings of this research will provide insights into the potential impact of using face recognition technology for attendance tracking and contribute to the existing body of research on biometric attendance. Overall, this chapter seeks to contribute to the field of attendance management systems and highlight the potential benefits of using face recognition technology, along with providing insights into how this system can be optimised for use in various settings, such as educational institutions, workplaces, and public spaces.
LEVERAGING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR ADVANCEMENTS IN BIO-MEDICAL ENGINEERING: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Authors: Chadha Shivani
Published: June 2024

By combining engineering concepts with medical sciences, bio-medical engineering plays a critical role in revolutionising healthcare. The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) with bio-medical engineering has resulted in ground-breaking advances in diagnoses, treatment techniques, and patient care in recent years. This book chapter provides an in-depth examination of the many applications of AI in bio-medical engineering, focusing on its contributions to medical imaging, illness diagnosis, drug development, personalised medicine, and healthcare management. The study also investigates the obstacles and ethical concerns related with the incorporation of AI in bio-medical engineering, as well as providing insights into the field's future prospects.
THE FUTURE OF AI IN HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION AND GRAPHICS
Authors: Kaur Harleen
Published: June 2024

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) has made remarkable progress over the past decades, transforming various industries and aspects of human life. In particular, the impact of AI on human-computer interaction (HCI) and graphics will be huge, revolutionizing the way humans interact with machines and digital content. This 10-page document examines the future of AI in HCI and graphics, highlighting recent developments, potential applications, challenges, and ethical considerations. This content highlights the transformative potential of AI to create more intuitive, personalized and immersive user experiences while addressing concerns about bias, privacy, and human-AI collaboration.
HADOOP AND BIG DATA PROCESSING
Authors: Gagandeep Singh Dr.
Published: June 2024

In this chapter, we will explore Hadoop, one of the foundational technologies for processing Big Data. Hadoop has revolutionized the way organizations manage and analyse massive datasets. We will delve into its core components, discuss its architecture, and understand how it fits into the broader Big Data ecosystem.
PRODRUG DEVELOPMENT
Authors: G Jaya Syamala , B Satya Sree
Published: June 2024

Since from the late 19th century, Prodrug approach has been used to enhance undesirable drug characteristics, Adrien Albert first used the term "Prodrug" at the end of the 1950s to describe drugs that are inactive on their own but transform into an active derivative through biotransformation in 1958. In 1959, Harper finished the idea and coined the phrase called "drug latentiation" to describe medications that need bioactivation was first used [1]. Acetanilide was originally used as a Prodrug in 1867 by Cahn and Hepp, who also brought it to medicine. The biologically active molecule acetaminophen, which has both antipyretic and analgesic properties, is created in the body when acetanilide is subjected to hydroxylation. The IUPAC defines a Prodrug as a molecule that goes through biotransformation before revealing pharmacological effects, which is still the definition that applies today. A pharmacologically inactive drug or substance that becomes an active drug after being consumed and undergoes metabolization in the body.
ETHICAL ISSUES IN PHARMACIST PATIENT RELATIONSHIP
Authors: Ida Christi V. E.
Published: June 2024

Pharmacists universally emphasized the ethical challenges associated with pharmacy practice and consultation, which encompass professional obligations, dispensing medications, addressing medication errors, and handling conflicts of interest. Dealing with noncompliant patients who refuse medication due to adverse effects presents multifaceted ethical dilemmas for pharmacists. It is evident that pharmacists must consistently demonstrate empathy, promote patient autonomy, and exhibit compassion when interacting with such patients. The patient's trust in their pharmacist constitutes a crucial element in the patient-pharmacist relationship. As patient well-being is one of the fundamental principles of pharmacy practice, the pharmacist's ultimate goal is to ensure that the patient achieves the maximum therapeutic benefit from their medication while alleviating the patient's health-related concerns. Ethical challenges arise in scenarios involving drug shortages, counterfeit medications, addressing patient requests for medication returns, and providing prescription drugs without a physician's order. The most effective approach to resolving these ethical dilemmas involves pharmacists adhering to the Code of Ethics for Pharmacists, earning the trust and cooperation of the patient, and taking the necessary time to educate the patient about their chronic illness and the importance of adhering to their maintenance medication regimen. This chapter discuss about the ethical issues and challenges of the pharmacist in relation with patients, also how to overcome the issues.
THE METABOLIC DISPOSITION OF BIOACTIVE AGENTS
Authors: Muthuswamy Ragunathan , Ragunathan Ranil Ramana
Published: June 2024

The metabolic disposition of bioactive agents refers to the processes by which these agents are metabolized and eliminated from the body. This typically involves enzymatic reactions that transform the bioactive agent into various metabolites, which are then further processed and excreted. Enzymes play a crucial role in the metabolism of bioactive agents. They catalyze specific chemical reactions that facilitate the breakdown, transformation, or conjugation of these agents. Here are some examples of enzymes commonly involved in the metabolic disposition of bioactive agents: Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes: This super family of enzymes is involved in the oxidation of a wide range of bioactive agents. They play a significant role in drug metabolism by introducing functional groups (e.g., hydroxyl, carboxyl) onto the bioactive agent, making it more water-soluble and facilitating elimination. UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs): UGTs are responsible for glucuronidation, a conjugation reaction that adds a glucuronic acid moiety to the bioactive agent. Glucuronidation enhances the water solubility of the agent and promotes its excretion in bile or urine. Sulfotransferases (SULTs): SULTs catalyze sulfation reactions, where a sulfate group is attached to the bioactive agent. Sulfation is another conjugation reaction that increases the water solubility of the agent and promotes its elimination. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs): GSTs facilitate the conjugation of glutathione to bioactive agents, forming glutathione conjugates. This process, known as glutathione conjugation, plays a role in detoxification by rendering the agent more easily excretable. N-acetyltransferases (NATs): NATs catalyze the acetylation of bioactive agents by transferring an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA. Acetylation reactions can modify the activity and pharmacokinetics of certain drugs.
MANAGEMENT IN HEALTHCARE: NAVIGATING THE PATH TO QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY
Authors: Malarkodi Velraj Dr. , P Vijayalakshmi.
Published: June 2024

This chapter provides an overview of management in healthcare, exploring its significance, challenges, and key components. It delves into the essential roles of healthcare managers and the importance of effective leadership in optimizing patient care, organizational performance, and resource allocation. Additionally, the chapter highlights the dynamic nature of healthcare management and its impact on improving quality and efficiency in the healthcare sector. Healthcare management is a complex and dynamic field, as it operates within the ever-changing landscape of healthcare policies, advances in medical technology, and evolving patient expectations. Effective managers in healthcare must be adaptive, skilled leaders who can make informed decisions to improve patient outcomes and organizational performance. This chapter highlights the critical role of management in healthcare and its impact on improving patient outcomes and organizational effectiveness. Healthcare managers play a pivotal role in navigating the complexities of the healthcare sector, addressing challenges, and fostering a culture of quality and efficiency.
A CONCEPTUAL DISCUSSION ON PHARMACOKINETICS
Authors: Mondal Shibprasad
Published: June 2024

This chapter provide about the fundamental knowledge of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and discussed in detail about the knowledge of many aspects of pharmacokinetics or drugs utility that means after entry of drugs or any xenobiotic, how they absorbed, their metabolism, distribution and how they are excreted all are discussed here. Besides, what are the factors involved in drug utility, different routes of drugs entry and which routes is better for therapeutic action, their bioavailability, plasma protein binding, blood-brain barrier and how they influence drugs distribution, drugs and their metabolism and significance, finding organ, involving enzyme, process of excretion, renal clearance, elimination kinetics, order of kinetics etc. This is comparatively rigid chapter, do not easy to digest. So, study properly to enrich yourself and to boost your creative thinking.
AROMATHERAPY
Authors: Syan Jasmeen
Published: June 2024

In complementary and alternative medicine, aromatherapy is frequently used to treat medical issues. In this sort of treatment, essential oils are frequently used since they contain unpleasant components. One of the most rapidly expanding alternative medical practices is aromatherapy, which merges massage with counselling and pleasant aromas while using essential oils and aromatic chemical compounds from plants. Scientific research demonstrates that aromatherapy, which involves breathing in or absorbing fragrant plant extracts, may also help calm your body and reduce discomfort. Studies have shown that essential oils can alter behavior and alter brainwaves. Aromatherapy, when practiced safely and effectively, has a lot to offer as a complement to traditional medicine or as an alternative therapy. Aromatherapy examines various forms of practices for the discipline as well as the problems with quality and safety that come up when applying essential oils in healthcare.
BIOPHARMACEUTICS: BASIC INTRODUCTION & FUTURE TRENDS
Authors: Joshi Vineet , Kumar Ankit , Kimothi Vishwadeepak
Published: June 2024

Pharmaceutical research and medication development depend significantly on the multidisciplinary area known as biopharmaceutics. The study's primary objective is to understand how physiologi-cal factors, pharmaceutical properties, and formulations affect drug distribution, ab-sorption, metabolism, and excretion. The basic ideas of biopharmaceutics are cov-ered in this chapter, including medication absorption, dissolution, permeability, and bioavailability. The role of biopharmaceu-tics in developing novel medication for-mulations, enhancing drug candidate effi-cacy, and determining drug safety is hig-hlighted. Research is being done on the connection between biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics, as well as on upcoming innovations that will have an impact on drug development, such as personalized medicine, targeted drug delivery, and im-proved pharmacokinetic analysis.
HEMORRHOIDS: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PREVENTION AND TREATMENT
Authors: Dhaswadikar Suhas R. , Itankar Prakash R. , Prasad Satyendra K. , Nikam Yogesh P. , Badnale Anil B. , Meshram Satish S.
Published: June 2024

The term "hemorrhoid" comes from the Greek terms "hema" and "rhoos," both of which refer to blood flow. The most frequent reason for lower gastrointestinal bleeding is hemorrhoids. Both internal and external hemorrhoids can occur. Internal hemorrhoids are situated inside the rectum are painless and usually unnoticeable. Hemorrhoids are an orectal ailment that affects More frequently found in individuals between the ages of 45 and 65, it affects 4.4% of the world's population. The venous plexuses in the anal canal swell up in hemorrhoids. It may result in discomfort, prolapse, thrombosis, and bleeding. The term "piles" is another term for hemorrhoids. The rectum is generally insensate because it stretches using the Columnar epithelial mucosa lines the distal sigmoid colon, which leads to the anus, and is sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems that innervate. The hypogastric system serves as its vascular and lymphatic supply. Hemorrhoids Anal cushions in patients exhibit significant pathological changes. These modifications include rupture, anal subepithelial muscle deformation, fibroelastic tissue degeneration, abnormal venous dilatation, and vascular thrombosis. In addition to the abovementioned observations, Hemorrhoidal samples have demonstrated a significant an inflammatory response including the vascular wall and connective tissue around it, concomitant thrombosis, ischemia, and mucosal ulcers. The haemorrhoids can be managed by dietary and lifestyle management, medical treatment, non-operative treatments, operative treatments and Herbal remedies.
GOOD GOVERNANCE IN NEONATAL CARE: A MIDWIVES PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Uma Devi T Dr.
Published: June 2024

Neonatal care stands as a critical cornerstone of healthcare, demanding meticulous attention and comprehensive governance to ensure the well-being of both mothers and newborns. This abstract explores the imperative synergy between effective governance and the unique perspective of midwives within the neonatal care landscape. With an emphasis on accountability, transparency, and equitable access, the chapter navigates through the multifaceted roles of midwives in championing evidence-based practices, advocating for mothers and newborns rights, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration. Drawing from a range of sources, this abstract underscores the pivotal role of good governance in optimizing neonatal outcomes while highlighting the intrinsic value that midwives bring to this arena. As the narrative unfolds, it becomes evident that the midwife's perspective interlaces seamlessly with the principles of good governance, forging a path towards holistic and patient -centred neonatal care.
INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY AND PHAR-MACODYNAMICS
Authors: Ramesh KR. Gupta Dr. , Mishra Kislaya
Published: June 2024

To comprehend and anticipate the pharmacologic behavior of drugs, it is essen-tial to quantify the time course of pharmaco-dynamic responses with respect to plasma drug concentrations. The choice of an appro-priate model should, whenever possible, be based on the drug's mode of action as well as other components of biological processes. Additionally, one advantage of mechanism-based physiologic models is their ability to calculate unavailable pharmacodynamics stages and parameters. Drug adverse effects that are reversible can be roughly classified into direct and indirect reactions. In view of these facts, this chapter covers the key phar-macodynamic principles, such as drug recep-tor interaction, the molecular mechanisms behind pharmacological activity, and dose guidelines.
REVIEW OF PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE DELIVERY-WHAT WE LEARNED FROM COVID-19 - WHAT'S NEXT?
Authors: Rajkumar Jampala , Mandhadi Jithendar Reddy , Pasha Mohammad Arif , Thalluri Chandrashekar
Published: June 2024

These molecules are commonly delivered via injection. Recent protein and peptide research has shifted infectious disease treatment, particularly in the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding viral infection at the molecular level may lead to new antiviral drugs targeting viral proteins or host components. These peptides could help clinical scientists develop and test COVID-19 therapeutic and preventative medications.
RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS FOR NANOPHTHALMOS
Authors: Anshu Ms. , Goel Ashu , Neha Sharma Dr. , Ahmad Dibazz
Published: June 2024

Anterior and posterior segment shortening that is proportionate to axial hyperopia is a feature of nanophthalmos. Angle-closure glaucoma, both acute and chronic, is more likely to develop as a result of this condition. Operative procedures for glaucoma and cataracts may involve complications. Identifying the nanophthalmic eye, pre-operative planning, and intraoperative management approaches can help in these difficult instances to reduce vision loss and facilitate successful surgery.
PERNICIOUS VOMITING
Authors: Pangshatabam Bidyarani Devi Ms.
Published: June 2024

Hyperemesis gravidarum or pernicious vomiting of pregnancy is a complication of pregnancy that affects various areas of the woman’s health, including homeostasis, electrolytes and kidney function and may have adverse fetal consequences. Whenever a patient is diagnosed as a case of pernicious vomiting, she should be admitted in the hos-pital, with the same diet and drugs used at home. When general measures like dietary advice, rest and anti-emetics fail to control the vomiting, when there is clinical evidence of dehydration like sunken eyes, tachycardia, dry furred tongue, loss of skin turgor and oliguria or when there is presence of ketone bodies in the urine then fluids should be cor-rected by IV line and further investigation should be done.
PUERPERIUM
Authors: Nongmaithem Basanti Devi Ms.
Published: June 2024

Puerperium, also known as the postpartum period, refers to the time immediately following childbirth when a woman’s body undergoes physical and emotional changes as it returns to its pre-pregnancy state. It typically lasts for about six weeks, although the exact duration can vary from woman to woman. During this period, the uterus gradually shrinks back to its pre-pregnancy size through a process called involution. Lochia, a discharge consisting of blood, mucus and uterine tissue, is common during this time and gradually decreases in amount. The breasts may also undergo changes as they produce and regulate milk for breastfeeding. Healthcare check-ups with healthcare providers are typically scheduled during the puerperium to monitor the mother’s physical and emotional well-being.
BIOFUELS
Authors: Shivale Nilima , Sonawdekar Sheetal , Lilwani Simran , Pol Reshma , Uchgaonkar Priti
Published: June 2024

Biofuel is a fuel that is derived from or produced using organic material, such as plants, agricultural waste, or microbial sources, such as algae. The depletion of petroleum-derived fuels has necessitated the exploration of sources and methods for obtaining biofuels. Biofuels possess immense potential as a renewable energy source due to their capacity to mitigate carbon emissions, contribute to water body remediation, exhibit reduced pollution levels, and effectively combat greenhouse gas emissions. This chapter provides an overview of the sources of biofuels, the processes involved in their production, and the global scenario pertaining to the demand for biofuels. The challenges encountered in biofuel production and the future prospects of biofuels are also emphasized.
POLYPLOIDY INDUCTION IN FORAGE CROPS
Authors: Nawalkar Poonam , Verma Dr. Sunil Kumar
Published: June 2024

Chromosomal doubling occurs in plants naturally however its rate is very low and a slow process. Since time is important chromosomal doubling/polyploidization can be induced in a short period at a high rate by using antibiotic agents like colchicine, oryzalin etc. the concentration and duration for treatment of the explant differ with the crop and hence an efficient polyploidization protocol has to be developed for the concerned crop. The induced putative polyploids can be selected by various morphological parameters cytological and flow cytometric techniques. The exact chromosome complement can be obtained by studying the mitosis or meiosis.
FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY: EMPOWERING BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
Authors: M R Aswathy , Pandikkadan Sundaran Silpa P S , Sangari T. L. Sai , Samuel S. Ajay
Published: June 2024

Fermentation technology is a powerful biotechnological tool that drives transformative changes across sectors and promotes sustainable development. This chapter extensively examines fermentation's crucial role in producing functional foods enriched with bioactive compounds, going beyond basic nutrition to offer enhanced health benefits. Examples include fermented soy products, vegetables, and beverages, aligned with trends such as plant-based options and personalized diets, all underpinned by a strong commitment to sustainability. In the field of biopharmaceuticals, fermentation emerges as a vital facilitator for complex drug manufacturing. It skillfully manipulates the metabolic processes of microorganisms to yield targeted therapies with fewer side effects. The chapter highlights the creation of diverse biopharmaceutical products, like monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, hormones, and enzymes, achieved through meticulous coordination of fermentation processes. Fundamental factors such as facility design, microorganism selection, optimization of growth mediums, and environmental control are explored, alongside downstream processing, regulatory compliance, continuous manufacturing, and advanced analytics.The chapter addresses challenges including process scalability, quality assurance, and potential avenues in personalized medicine, biosimilar development, and sustainable manufacturing methods, collectively advancing drug production practices. Moreover, it delves into the implications of microbial consortia in bioprocessing, showcasing their efficiency compared to individual species. Applications span lignocellulosic degradation, biofuel production, water treatment, bioremediation, and specialty chemical synthesis. Fermentation-based bioremediation is explored as an environmentally sound approach for cleaning up, harnessing microorganisms to convert pollutants into less harmful forms. Various techniques, covering aerobic and anaerobic processes, bio augmentation, and bio stimulation, are examined. The chapter emphasizes the transition to a circular economy in fermentation for sustainable resource management, highlighting micro algal-based bio refineries as promising solutions. In summary, this chapter comprehensively explores the applications of fermentation technology, steering biotechnological advancements, and promoting an ecologically conscious world. Through innovation, careful development, and strategic resource management, fermentation technology lays the foundation for a sustainable future.
THE GUARDIAN OCCUPATION AND FACTORS INFLUENCING MALARIA IN GHANA'S CENTRAL REGION
Authors: Kumi Asare Kwame , Dennis Wilmot
Published: June 2024

Background: Malaria morbidity and death in young children in Sub-Saharan Africa are disproportionally high when compared to worldwide malaria. Although enhanced malaria control strategies have reduced malaria cases and mortality, they have had minimal influence on child malaria morbidity and mortality in Africa. The study looked at how guardian traits affected parameters related with child malaria. Methods: Guardian characteristics and clinical data were collected from caregivers and children aged 0 to 15 years in a cross-sectional study utilizing questionnaires and clinical data in two regions in Ghana's central region. The obtained data was analyzed using multivariate GLM. Results: The majority of guardians were females 216/274 (78.8%) and over the age of 25 201/274 (73.4%). The most common vocations were trading/business (92/274, or 33.6%), farming (55/274, or 20.1%), and hairdressing/seamstress (42/274, or 15.3%). The guardian occupation status (OCSG) influences all of the factors influencing childhood malaria: the first point of contact for child health (FPOCCH) (F=29.838, p0.0001), malaria control intervention adopted (MCID) (F=11.827, p0.0001), clinical severity of the child (CSOC), for malaria treatment by guardians, clinical severity of the child (CSOC) (F=98.997, p0.0001), the days of onset of child symptoms before the hospital. Conclusion: The study found that guardian occupation influences malaria morbidity among children in Ghana's Central Region. Thus, poor household guardians expose their children to a higher risk of malaria while also paying less attention to their occupation rather than the child's health.
EFFECTS OF FLY ASH, MAIZECOB ASH, AND GROUNDNUT SHELL ASH ON THE PROPERTIES OF SELF-COMPACTING GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE WITH GGBS BLEND
Authors: Kumar Dr. D. Pavan , Neeraja V. Sai
Published: June 2024

Concrete stands as the ubiquitous human-made construction material worldwide, with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) being a fundamental component in conventional concrete mixes. However, the production of cement is associated with the release of carbon dioxide emissions. As responsible citizens Engineers and scientists are allowed to create a more sustainable world, by developing the practices of using a green building material. Geopolymer can be considered as the solution which can be produced without OPC and contributes less release of greenhouse gasses. Also, the performance of hardened concrete characteristics like surface quality, strength, and durability has been enhanced using self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGPC) technology. The key objective of this study was to examine how different ashes, such as fly ash (FA), maize cobash (MCBA), and groundnut shell ash (GSA), affected the blended SCGPC composed of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). In this study, the ratios of GGBS and ash used to make SCGPC were maintained at 50%:50%. Both SCGPC's fresh and hardened characteristics were identified. All ashes performed well, although FA and GGBS blended SCGPC blends were the best in both the fresh and hardened stages. Further, in this study, the experimental splitting tensile strength of SCGPC was compared to the predicted values from ACI 363R and CEB-FIP. The experimental SCGPC modulus of elasticity was compared to the expected values from ACI 363R and ACI 318.