bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obesity and Weight Loss Pre‐Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Tantisattamo Ekamol
Published: November 2023

Background

Weight loss in obese patients is generally required to become eligible for kidney transplantation; however, but followed‐up data pre‐transplantation is limited.

Methods

Kidney transplant recipients in 2015 were consecutively reviewed. Weight, height, and BMI were obtained at the time of kidney transplantation and yearly up to 6 years pre‐transplantation.

Results

A total of 70 patients were included. Mean age was 52.7±1.4 years (mean±SEM) and 41 patients were male (58.6%). Mean weight at the time of transplant was 81.22±2.28 kg (42–132.3) and BMI was 27.64±0.67 kg/m2 (16.6–48.3) kg/m2. The majority of the patients (38.6%) were overweight and 1/3 were obese (BMI≥30 kg/m2). The remaining had normal weight. All patients had ≥1‐measured weight at 1‐year pre‐transplantation and the followed‐up weight ranged 1–6 years pre‐kidney transplantation. Compared to non‐obese patients, obese patients appeared to lose more weight ranging from 4.47 kg at 1‐y pre‐transplant to 23.62 kg at 6‐year pre‐transplantation with statistical significance at 2, 3, 5, and 6 years pre‐transplantation (p=0.0001, 0.0062, 0.0020, and 0.0154, respectively; Figure 1). In obese patients with weight loss, mean weight change (ΔWt = weight at the time of transplant – weight at 1 to 6 years pre‐transplant; −ΔWt) trended to decrease from 6‐ through 1‐year pre‐transplantation indicating progressive weight loss toward the time of kidney transplantation. Similarly, obese patients with weight gain trended to have decrease in mean weight change (+ΔWt) during follow up from 6‐year pre‐transplant toward the time of transplantation (Figure 2).

Conclusions

During pre‐kidney transplant waiting time, obese patients trend to lose more weight than non‐obese patients. Additionally, more weight loss or less weight gain in obese patients who losing and gaining weight, respectively were progressive toward the time of kidney transplantation. Therefore, obesity should not automatically exclude the patients from becoming kidney transplant candidates.
Dietary Fatty Acid Composition Impacts Plasma Fatty Acid Ethanolamides and Body Composition in Golden Syrian Hamsters
Authors: Sihag Jyoti , Jones Peter JH
Published: November 2023

Background

Fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs) possess roles in energy regulation, however, the nutritional efficacy of various blends of oils on 7 key FAE levels altogether and their effects on body weight have not been characterized.

Objective

To assess the response of circulating levels of 7 FAEs, as well as food intake, fat oxidation, and body composition, to diets differing in dietary fatty acid composition.

Method

To address these objectives an animal trial (n=115) using different dietary oils was carried out. Animals consumed for two months (i) corn+safflower (C+S), (ii) flaxseed oil+safflower oil (F+S), (iii) regular canola oil (RC), (iv) high oleic canola oil (HOCO), (v) high oleic canola oil+DHA (H+DHA), (vi) high oleic canola oil+EPA (H+EPA), or (vii) olive oil (OO). Respiratory gas exchange was assessed for each animal to determine percentage fat oxidation (%FO) and carbohydrate oxidation (%CO). Total dietary fatty acid profile was assessed using GC‐FID. Plasma FAE levels were analyzed by UPLC‐MS/MS.

Results

Plasma oleoylethanolamide (OEA) levels were found to be the highest (p<0.05) with the OO as well as HOCO treatments. Also, diminished (p<0.05) food intake was observed in groups fed OO and HOCO treatments. Highest (p<0.05) fat mass was observed in C+S treatment when compared with F+S and OO treatments. Elevated (p<0.05) %FO was observed in OO treatment followed by H+EPA, H+DHA, F+S, and HOCO feeding when compared with C+S. Overall, among all dietary treatments, eicosapentaenoylethanolamide (EPEA) levels associated with increased food intake (r = 0.31024, p<0.0010). Also, across all dietary treatments, arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) showed negative correlations with EPEA and docosahexaenoylethanolamide (DHEA), r = −0.33394 (p<0.0004) and r = −0.33320 (p<0.0013), respectively.

Conclusion

Reduced food intake with the HOCO treatment, together with increased OEA concentrations, suggest anorexic properties of monounsaturated fat containing oils. Data show that AEA is associated with EPEA and DHEA concentrations; these associations might affect the food intake thereby modulating appetite. Similar findings observed during the feeding of OO, HOCO, and HOCO with omega‐3 fatty acids blends confirm the efficacy of HOCO in providing satiety alike OO. Therefore, it is concluded that incorporation of HOCO into diets could be valuable for the maintenance of healthy body weight and improve overall wellness similar to OO.

Support or Funding Information

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
The 25‐Day Tipping Point: Everyday Adherence has Multiplicative – Not Additive – Benefits to Weight Loss.
Authors: Just David R. , Patterson Richard W. , Wansink Brian
Published: November 2023

This study seeks to determine if there is a nonlinear convex relationship between number of days of adherence to weight loss advice and actual weight loss among spontaneous adult visitors to an eating behavior website. For an 11‐month period, adults who visited a weight loss website were given three randomly selected weight loss recommendations (tips) within broad categories. Self‐reported number of days of adherence and weight loss were recorded (n = 389, with 96.4% female) and follow‐up surveys were administered at the end of each month when three new tips were provided for the next month. Self‐reported weight loss per day of adherence increased significantly after the 25th day of adherence. Specifically, one day of adherence after the 25th day is results in nearly 133 grams of weight loss as opposed to 26 grams per day prior to the 25th day. This suggests a more than fivefold increase in rate of weight loss after the 25th day. It's not what you do, it's how often you do it. The recommendation or tip one was given was less important than how often it was followed. Second, those who adhered 25 or more days/month lost dramatically more weight. This result may reflect the importance of adherence, or some underlying correlation between other healthful behaviors and propensity to adhere.
Evaluation of a Novel Bioimpedance Analysis Equation Development Approach
Authors: Zheng Jolene , Bourgeois Brianna , Heymsfield Steven B
Published: November 2023

Traditional bioimpedance analysis (BIA) prediction equations developed at 50 kHz for %fat often include population‐specific predictor variables such as age, sex, and race. Recent studies suggest that good generalizable %fat prediction equations can be developed without population‐specific variables if segmental impedance (Z) measurements at variable frequencies are used in model development. The current study tested this hypothesis using the 8‐electrode Selves Healthcare X Scan PLUS 970 (Seoul, South Korea) multifrequency segmental BIA system in a two‐phase study in 161 ethnically mixed adults (9 African American, 109 white, 43 other). Subjects ranged widely in age (15–72 years) and BMI (16.5–40.4 kg/m2). Using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA, GE Lunar Prodigy) as the reference for fat‐free mass (FFM), 86 subjects had segmental impedances measured at 5, 50, and 250 kHz in phase I. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was then used to develop the FFM prediction model. The developed %fat (= 100 × [weight‐FFM/weight]) model was then validated in 75 phase II subjects. The developed model has 6 segmental Z predictor variables (hand‐hand, foot‐foot, left hand‐left foot, left hand‐right foot, right hand‐right foot, right hand‐left foot) indexed to either height or weight; age, sex, and race did not enter the final model. Predicted BIA %fat and DXA %fat in phase II subjects were highly correlated (R2=0.91, p<0.0001) and the Bland‐Altman plot slope was non‐significant. Comparable prediction models were developed for other similar multifrequency BIA systems (e.g., Selves Healthcare 357s). Highly predictive BIA %fat models can thus be developed from multiple frequency segmental impedance measurements that capture variance related to age, sex, and race. These models do not require the addition of potentially population‐specific covariates to %fat prediction formulas.
Television Watching is Positively Associated with Body Composition among Adults with High Genetic Predisposition to Obesity: Population‐based Study in South China
Authors: Xue Hongmei , Zhang Jieyi , Li Danting , Luo Jiao , Cheng Guo
Published: November 2023

Objective

Genetic predisposition and environmental factors (i.e. physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB)) are important contributors to adulthood obesity. Previous studies on gene‐lifestyle interaction and obesity have focused mostly on the FTO gene and PA, whereas little attention has been paid to SB, particular in China. We examined whether the SB was associated with body composition measures among Chinese adults and whether these associations were modified by genetic predisposition.

Methods

Data on total time of SB, non‐screen based SB, screen‐based SB and specific types of screen‐based SB (television watching, computer/phone using), moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and dietary intake of 2423 Chinese adults (56.34% women) aged 25–65 years were obtained by validated questionnaires. Height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (%BF), fat mass index (FMI) and fat‐free mass index (FFMI). Genetic risk scores (GRS weighted) were calculated on 9 loci confirmed to be associated with obesity in populations of Chinese. Multivariable linear generalized regression models were used to examine the association between SB, MVPA and body composition measures among adults with different genetic susceptibility.

Results

Time spent on television watching was positively associated with body composition measures among adults with a high obesity GRSweighted after adjustment for gender, age, family monthly income, occupation, smoking status, MVPA energy expenditure and total energy intake (p<0.03, n=1084). That is, for each hour increment in television watching was associated with approximately 0.19 kg/m2 higher BMI, 0.23% higher %BF, 0.12 kg/m2 higher FMI and 0.07 kg/m2 higher FFMI, respectively. Total time of SB, non‐screen based SB, screen‐based SB and computer/phone using was not related to any body composition measures among Chinese adults in the present analysis.

Conclusion

Our study indicates that television watching is of relevance for body composition among Chinese adults with high genetic predispositions to obesity.

Support or Funding Information

All phases of this study were supported by research grant from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 81472976)
Does Higher Protein Quality Breakfast Reduce Energy Intake When Following a Weight Loss Diet Plan
Authors: Bailey Dylan , Childress Allison , Shastri Anuradha , Anderson Gates , Hegde Vijay , Dawson John A , Dhurandhar Nikhil V
Published: November 2023

Quality of protein in eggs is superior to those in cereals. An egg breakfast (EB) matched for energy density to a cereal breakfast (CB), acutely induces greater satiety and, leads to greater weight loss on a reduced energy diet. When EB and CB were matched for macronutrient composition (but not for protein quality) in addition to energy density, EB acutely reduced markers of hunger and enhanced those of satiety, including acylated ghrelin and Peptide YY 3–36 (PYY 3–36), the hunger and satiety hormones, respectively. However, these effects in presence of calorie restriction are unknown. As a preliminary study, 10 women (BMI ≥ 25) were randomized to consume an EB or CB for one week, and then reversed to receive the opposite breakfast for an additional week. Baseline anthropometrics were measured and counseling on a reduced energy diet by a Registered Dietitian occurred on day 0. On days 7 and 14, ad libitum lunch and dinner were offered. Energy intake (EI), anthropometrics, blood, and subjective hunger and satiety scores were measured. Blood was assessed for hunger and satiety hormones, as well as glucose. Using linear mixed effects models, treatment effects and potential time and carryover effects were assessed. VAS measures used to assess hunger and satiety scores, as well as blood data, were converted into area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC). Blood data from 8 subjects were included in the final analysis. No significant effect of EB on EI at lunch (+29 kcal, p=0.581), dinner (−86 kcal, p=0.083) or on total EI (−57 kcal, p=0.45), was observed. A carryover effect, where EB induced less dinner consumption if consumed on second week as treatment, was noticed but not significant. Participants reported feeling less hungry and less capable of eating more after EB, but these were not significant. AUC values suggested increased fullness on EB week (p=0.056), compared to CB. There was no significant effect of EB on blood appetite hormones or glucose up to 120 minutes after ingestion (Active Ghrelin [pg/ml] AUC −209 (−911, 494); p=0.51; Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 [pM] AUC −86 (−325, 154); p=0.43; Glucose [mg/dl] AUC‐396 (−1457, 665); p=0.41; Insulin [μU/ml] AUC −568 (−1806, 670); p=0.32; PYY3–36 [pg/ml] AUC +662 (−1052, 2376); p=0.39). While none of the differences reached statistical significance, as predicted EB resulted in less feeling of hunger, reduced EI, less hunger hormone and greater satiety hormones profile. This suggested that a larger sample size and longer duration study would assist in accuracy of conclusions.

Support or Funding Information

Egg Nutrition Center
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in FADS2, CETP and LPL and the Associations with Blood Lipids and Fatty Acids Differ in a Sex‐Specific Manner
Authors: Klingel Shannon Lee , Roke Kaitlin , Mutch David M
Published: November 2023

Objective

Blood lipid and fatty acid profiles are strongly influenced by diet and genes. The current investigation examined if common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes linked to fatty acid metabolism are associated with blood lipids and fatty acids in a sex‐specific manner.

Methods

Fasted serum samples were used to analyze blood lipids and red blood cells (RBCs) were used to measure fatty acid profiles in 94 adults (19–30 yrs). A panel of 23 SNPs in 17 genes linked to fatty acid metabolism were examined by linear regression for genotype‐sex interactions.

Results

HDL‐c levels were higher in women than men, while the total cholesterol/HDL‐c ratio showed the opposite relationship (p<0.01). Numerous sex‐specific differences in RBC fatty acids, as well as various desaturase/elongase activity estimates, were also observed (p<0.01). The following SNPs showed statistically significant genotype‐sex interactions: 1) rs328 in LPL with HDL‐c levels (pinteraction=0.0478), 2) rs1800775 in CETP with the total cholesterol/HDL‐c ratio (pinteraction=0.0329), and 3) rs174575 in FADS2 with estimated desaturase activity (pinteraction=0.048). Further, rs174537 in FADS1 and rs3211956 in CD36 were significantly associated with RBC arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid levels, respectively, but not in a sex‐specific manner.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that studying genetic variants may help elucidate sex‐specific risks in cardiometabolic complications. Consequently, this information can be used to guide the development of sex‐specific dietary recommendations to prevent and/or mitigate cardiometabolic risk.

Support or Funding Information

Supported by OMAFRA.
Maternal One‐Carbon Biomarkers and the Infant Methylome: The Role of Seasonality Using a Case Study from The Gambia
Authors: James Philip , Prentice Andrew , Silver Matt
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The periconceptional period represents a window in which environmentally‐induced epigenetic modifications could have significant consequences for offspring health. Metastable Epialleles (MEs) are genomic loci whose methylation state varies between individuals, but where variation is correlated across tissues originating from all three germ layers in a single individual, and is independent of genotype. They provide a powerful device for studying the influence of the periconceptional environment on the offspring epigenome. Here we assess whether the profile of periconceptional maternal nutritional biomarkers predicting infant ME methylation differs according to the contrasting nutritional backgrounds afforded by Gambian rainy and dry seasons.

Methods

We measured 1‐carbon biomarkers in maternal plasma at mean 8.7 weeks gestation, back‐extrapolated to conception, and CpG methylation at 50 ME loci in their infants at mean age 3.3 months (N=120 mother‐child pairs). We tested for interactions between seasonality and biomarker concentrations on mean ME methylation z‐score. We also analysed biomarker principal components (PCs) in an attempt to capture co‐variation.

Results

Plasma folate was not associated with methylation in the dry season, but in the rainy season a one SD increase was associated with a decrease in mean methylation of 0.14 SD (95% CI: −0.26, −0.01; p=0.023; p‐value for interaction = 0.019). Plasma choline was also not associated with methylation in the dry season, however, in the rainy season a one SD increase was associated with an increase in mean methylation of 0.16 SD (95% CI: 0.02, 0.3; p=0.023; p‐value for interaction = 0.030). Conversely, homocysteine decreased total mean methylation in the dry season by 0.13 SD (95% CI: −0.25, −0.01; p=0.039) but showed no association in the rainy season (p‐value for interaction=0.030). PC1 captured co‐variation in the folate metabolism cycle and predicted dry season methylation. PC2 represented the betaine metabolism pathway and predicted rainy season methylation. Overall we found individual biomarkers showed little individual effect on methylation, but joint effects captured by the PC analysis generally resulted in stronger associations. When compared to predictive models combining the seasons the models stratified by season fitted better and the retained coefficients were stronger, with preliminary evidence suggesting an interaction between season of conception and 1‐carbon biomarkers with methylation (fig. 1).

Conclusion

Future 1‐carbon related nutritional interventions may have different impacts on DNA methylation according to the nutritional background against which they are implemented.

Support or Funding Information

MRC Population & Systems Medicine Board Grant
Gene Expression and Epigenetic Regulations in Reshimax Anti‐aging Effect
Authors: Ren Yiping , Lu Jihong , Gao Lily , Yao Yisang , Yang Jieying , Zhang Yan , Stevenson Douglas , Bartlett Mark
Published: November 2023

Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) is best‐known for its anti‐aging and medicinal activities. We previously reported that Reishimax (RM, a proprietary extract of Reishi, enriched in Reishi triterpenes (6.5%) and Reishi polysaccharides (13%)) has anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, and life‐extension effects in mice (FASEB Journal, 2012, 26(1):373.2). We further analyzed gene expression and epigenetic regulation of its anti‐aging effect in murine liver using a natural aging mouse model. In this study, naturally aged ICR male mice (22m of age) were randomized and treated either with RM 175mg/kg body weight or deionized distilled water control by gavage. After 13 weeks of treatment, liver samples were analyzed for gene expression, lncRNA(long‐non‐coding RNA) and DNA methylation. We also set up a young control group with male ICR mice (2m of age). IPA (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) disease & function analysis showed RM treatment reversed or partially reversed abnormities in old vs. young organismal injury and abnormalities, small molecule biochemistry, lipid metabolism, and functions related to cancer. Pathway prediction showed opposing regulation of LPS/IL‐1‐ mediated inhibition of RXR Function and NRF2‐mediated oxidative stress response pathways. In the RM treatment group, LncRNA‐mRNA co‐analysis indicated that LncRNAs were involved in metabolic and biosynthesis pathways and may be affecting lipid metabolism and small molecular functions. It was also involved in the networks related to neurological disease, cardiovascular system development and function, developmental disorder and cellular function and maintenance. DNA methylation‐mRNA co‐analysis indicated that in the RM treated group, DNA methylations were involved in JAK2 hormone‐like cytokine signaling, systemic lupus erythematosus signaling, as well as NAD biosynthesis/salvage pathways and may affect immune functions as well as organismal injury and abnormalities and cellular development functions. Further study is needed to confirm the epigenetic regulations and to fully understand their mechanisms.
Studies on the Storage Life of Almond nut (Prunus amygdala var dulcis) Milk using Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Extract as Local Preservative
Authors: Banjoko Immaculata , Oyelola Olukemi , Olatidoye Olawale , Oyegbola John
Published: November 2023

Imitation milk was produced from almond seed and was preserved using a local preservative from carica papaya extract. Imitation milk is the milk which is made of food materials of vegetable origin, such as peanut, soybean and almond and may serve as a boom for the countries, where the supply of milk is inadequate. Almond milk has a short shelf life and is normally produced as homemade milk. Attempt is made in this study to extend the shelf life by the use of local preservatives.. Various concentration of papaya extract was used to determine the most appropriate concentration of papaya extract needed to give acceptable product. Concentration of 3% and 5% of papaya extract were added to the imitation milk and subjected to physicochemical, microbial, sensory analysis and shelf life study. Results obtained showed that the imitation milk contain 11.57% protein, 0.14% carbohydrate, 10.42% crude fat, and 6.71% ash. Total solid (23.73), pH (4.81–5.868); brix (5.5–7.0); viscosity (900–1117), specific gravity (1025–1033), titratable acidity(0.5–3.35). Microbial analysis showed 94×10−6–106×10−5 cfu/ml, 93×10−6–99×10− cfu/ml, Sensory analysis result showed that sample with 5% carica papaya extract was most preferred and contain the least microbial load. The use of papaya extract was found to increase the shelf life of the almond milk to seven days in this study.

Support or Funding Information

Self funding
Long Term Probiotics Administration Alleviates Immunosenescence in Senescence‐accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8)
Authors: Kuo Ching‐Yi , Chan Ching‐Hung , Li Lin‐Ai , Chen Wen‐Lin , Ku Hui‐Hsuan , Lian Yu‐Zhi , Huang Hui‐Yu
Published: November 2023

Although probiotics have been known to enhance the host's immune response, their roles in modulating immunosenescence during aging remain unclear. We investigated the influence of Lactobacillus paracasei F3.15.1 (LPF) on immunosenescence in SAMP8 mice. In the experiment, 16 week old male SAMP8 mice (n=30) were randomly divided into the following 3 groups: the control group (Aging C, n=10), the group receiving LPF in a dose of 108 CFU/day/per mice (Aging 1X, n=10) and the group receiving LPF in a dose of 109 CFU/day/per mice (Aging 10X, n=10). The animals were administered LPF for 12 weeks. At 28 weeks of age, the mice were sacrificed humanely and their blood was collected for analysis of several immunosenescence markers that include antioxidant enzymes and inflammation responses by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results demonstrated that SOD expression increased significantly in the Aging 10× group relative to the control group. No significant difference was detected for GPx levels. In inflammation responses, IL‐10 expression was significantly higher in the Aging 1X and Aging 10X group versus the control group. TNF‐α was significantly lower in the Aging 10X group compared with the control group. No significant difference was observed in MCP‐1 levels. The results imply that long term LPF supplementation may enhance antioxidant enzyme activities, resist inflammation responses and alleviate immunosenescence in SAMP8 mice.
The effect of dietary protein levels and branched‐chain amino acid supplementation on body composition of aging C57BL/6 male mice
Authors: Mu Wei‐Chieh , Vanhoosier Erin , Jiang Elaine Yi‐Ning , Grant Ryan
Published: November 2023

Increased total dietary protein has been shown to reduce median lifespan, while branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation has been shown to increase average lifespan in mice. We used a 2×2 factorial design to determine how dietary protein and BCAA supplementation impact body composition and glucose homeostasis during aging. Dietary casein was included at the normal AIN93M level (control protein) or half (low protein). Diets were supplemented with (+BCAA) or without BCAA at the level present in the AIN‐93M diet. 16‐week old C57BL/6J male mice were randomized to one of the 4 diets. Body weights were recorded weekly, and body composition was determined at baseline and 6 mo of feeding by DEXA. Average weekly food and energy intake was similar among all diets. The low protein diet had reduced body weight gain (p<0.05, 7.53±1.03 g), while the control protein+BCAA and low protein+BCAA had higher body weight gain (control protein+BCAA: 12.58±0.78 g, low protein+BCAA: 13.35±0.82 g). Higher protein and BCAA both (p<0.05) increased lean mass gain at 6 months of feeding (control protein: 2.94±0.36 g, control protein+BCAA: 4.07±0.36, low protein: 1.21±0.41, and low protein+BCAA: 3.35±0.42). The low protein diet had reduced fat mass gain (p<0.05, 4.59±0.78 g), while the control protein+BCAA and low protein+BCAA diets had increased fat mass gain (control protein+BCAA: 7.54±0.54 g, low protein+BCAA: 8.34±0.57 g). The low protein diet had improved (p<0.05) insulin tolerance compared to all other groups. These results indicate that chronic feeding of a diet low in protein reduces lean and fat mass gain and improves insulin tolerance, which is reversed by supplementation with BCAAs. Future time points will reveal if these difference in body composition and metabolism are maintained.

Support or Funding Information

Purdue University
Serum Phosphate (sPO4) is Lower in Older Kidney Transplant Recipients and Related to Low Phosphorous and Protein Intake and Not Urinary Losses
Authors: Mincer Shifra , Ruff Eric , Markell Mariana
Published: November 2023

Background

Hypophosphatemia (LoPO4) is a persistent problem in long term (>1 year) kidney transplant recipients (KTR's) with good kidney function and may contribute to bone loss and other morbidities. The etiology is unclear, as hyperparathyroidism is common, and urine losses may play a role.

Methods

23 randomly selected long term KTRs were recruited from the Transplant Clinic. Laboratory values were obtained from chart review and demographics from face to face interview. Dietary intake was estimated from 3‐day diet diary. Nutrient values were extrapolated using the USDA Supertracker.

Results

There were 18 (60%) men and 20 Black (67%) patients. 50% were American born, 17 (80%) reported income <$20,000 and Medicaid as primary Insurance. Mean age was 44.7±10.1 with 53% older than 45 years (>AGE), BMI 27.9±5.6, months since transplant 87.7±59.4, sPO4 2.79±0.7, creatinine 0.88±0.1 mg/dl. 67% of >AGE patients met the criteria for LoPO4 vs 10% of the younger patients. 12 pts returned the 3‐day diet history. By Mann‐Whitney U test >AGE pts had been on dialysis longer (106.8±10.2 vs 63.1±12.3, p<0.05), had lower sPO4 values (2.4±0.13 vs 3.1±0.2, p=0.007) and lower total protein intake (59±9.0 vs 90.2±7.8 g/d, p<0.05). PO4 intake was also lower (953.6±164.6 vs 1281.0±155.6) but was not significant (p=0.08). Although intact PTH was higher (235.8±45.8 vs 91.6±16.9, p<0.005), there was no difference in intake of sugars, fats, eGFR, urinary PO4 or fractional excretion of PO4.

Conclusions

In our population of indigent inner‐City KTR's 1). LoPO4 remained common and was more prevalent in the patients over 45 years of age. As LoPO4 may alter bone health this finding is especially worrisome in the older age group. 2) Older patients ate less protein and phosphate. 3) Although older patients had higher PTH values, urinary PO4 losses were minimal and were similar to younger patients suggesting that dietary intake was the biggest factor influencing sPO4. 4) Patients are taught to restrict PO4 while on dialysis, whether the longer dialysis time influenced older patient's food choices remains to be investigated.
Microbiome Analysis of the Refaunation of Donor Human Milk with Mom's Own Milk
Authors: Harrison Natalie , Cacho Nicole , Carr Laura , Li Nan , Parker Leslie Ann , Neu Josef , Lorca Graciela L
Published: November 2023

Human milk contains beneficial nutrients for newborn infants. However, the most recent findings are that live microbes are an important component of human milk. These microbes may play a role in providing beneficial components to promote healthy development in infants. Preterm infants that have a gestation age of less than 30 weeks are provided with the mother's milk in the NICU, however, if mother's milk is not accessible, pasteurized donor milk will be provided instead. Since microbes may play a beneficial role, providing infants with pasteurized donor milk may constitute a disadvantage to them. The objective of this study was to determine whether or not donor milk could be inoculated with that of mother's milk to restore the live microbiome. The rationale was that by testing different dilutions and incubation periods the final bacterial load would match that of the original mother's milk in diversity and concentrations.

Twelve samples of mother's milk were obtained and inoculated in donor milk at 1%, 5%, 10% and 30% and samples, including incubated donor milk and mother's milk, were taken across three time points. The viable bacterial load of each sample was determined to establish the minimum time and dilution required to reach the initial bacterial concentration found in mom's own milk. In parallel, DNA was extracted, the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified using universal primers, and barcoded for Illumina sequencing. The alpha diversity expressed as Chao1 or Shannon index was determined for all the samples. The diversity indexes were similar between donor and mom milk samples however, different genera were prevalent in each group. The diversity index was also used to evaluate across time between the donor milk, mother's milk, and dilutions of each mother's milk inoculated into the donor. A direct correlation was found between the decrease in bacterial diversity and the amount of mom's own milk added. These results indicate that a small percentage of the bacterial load present in the mom's own milk can grow when transferred to donor milk. However, about 50% of the bacterial families were able to expand in donor's milk after 4 hs of incubation without a significant loss of diversity. The analyses of bacterial genera that can expand under these conditions indicated that each mom has an unique group of microbes. The microbiome analyses is in agreement with the results obtained from the viable bacterial counts which indicated that donor milk incubated with 30% of the mother's milk for 4 hours would be a likely refaunation strategy.

Overall, this study illustrated that refaunation can be conducted in order to provide infants with bacteria from the mother's milk. The bacterial load inoculated within the donor milk could be used as biomarker of activity however, each mom has a unique core of bacterial species that will be transferred to baby.

Support or Funding Information

Medela
The Protective Effects of Probiotic‐fermented Soymilk on High‐fat Diet‐induced Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Wang Yuhua , Piao Chunhong , Liu Junmei , Yu Hansong , Dai Weichang , Wang Xiujuan
Published: November 2023

The effects of probiotic mixture (Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus casei and L. plantarum)‐fermented soymilk on high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced hyperlipidemia and liver injury were explored. C57BL/6N mice were randomly assigned into four groups treated with different diets: Normal chow (NC); HFD; HFD with probiotic‐fermented soymilk; HFD with non‐fermented soymilk. After treatment for 6 weeks, probiotic‐fermented soymilk treatment significantly reduced HFD‐induced body weight gain, hyperlipidemia, liver fat accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In addition, probiotic‐fermented soymilk consumption resulted in significant reduction in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and liver tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) levels compared with HFD treatment. Further, probiotic‐fermented soymilk significantly increased the serum leptin level. In conclusion, probiotic‐fermented soymilk had a function of reducing hyperlipidemia and liver injury induced by HFD. The role of probiotic‐fermented soymilk may involve decreasing the production of liver LPS, TNF‐α and oxidative stress and inducing adipose leptin and triacylglycerol hydrolase (TGH) production.

Support or Funding Information

This work was partly supported by Ministry of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China, for providing financial support (2013BAD18B07).
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and sRAGE levels after benfotiamine treatment in diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors: CONTRERAS CLAUDIA LUEVANO , Guzman‐Rosiles Ixchel , Del Castillo Dolores , Gomez‐Ojeda Armando , Garay‐Sevilla Ma. Eugenia
Published: November 2023

Background

Thiamine needs are increased in Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Benfotiamine, a lipid‐soluble precursor, may improve some complications associated with DM, and a proposed mechanism could be the reduction of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs‐RAGE (Receptor for AGEs) axis are involved in complications seen in DM. A soluble isoform of RAGE (sRAGE) could bind to AGEs and in a competitive way block the axis.

Objective

To evaluate AGEs and sRAGE levels after benfotiamine treatment in DM type 2 subjects.

Methods

This was a randomized, controlled, double‐blind, clinical trial. DM type 2 subjects with no complications, and at least 5 years since diagnosis were randomly assigned to Benfotiamine treatment (900 mg/day) or placebo (900 mg/day) for 12 weeks. Basal and final anthropometric data, blood pressure, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and lipid profile were measured by standard methods. AGE Nɛ‐carboxymethyl lysine (CML‐AGE) and sRAGE were measured by commercial ELISA kits. Adherence to treatment was evaluated every two weeks. Analyses were performed on an intent‐to‐treat basis, and t‐student or no parametrical tests for differences within and between groups were used.

Results

Forty‐one subjects (26 females and 15 males) with a mean age of 50.9±5.5 years and 9.3±3.9 years since diagnosis were randomized. For final analysis subjects with at least 6 weeks of treatment were included, (n=34 completed 12 weeks, and n=1 completed 6 weeks), 17 subjects for the placebo and 18 subjects for the benfotiamine group; there were 4 exclusions and 2 drop outs. There were no differences in clinical or metabolic variables within or between groups. The basal values for CML‐AGE for placebo and benfotiamine groups were 4.4±3.2 and 7.2±7.8 ng/ml, and for final values were 5.6±4.4 and 4.1±3.5 ng/ml respectively. There were no differences between groups, however when the mean difference for placebo (1.2±4.4) and benfotiamine group (−3.1±7.5) were compared a significant difference was observed (p=0.02). The basal values for sRAGE for placebo and benfotiamine groups were 1647±876 and 1465±628 pg/ml, and for final values were 1359±630 and 1365± 548 pg/ml. There were no differences between groups, however there were a significant decrease in sRAGE values in the placebo group (p< 0.001).

Conclusion

Subjects in the benfotiamine group had a decrease in CML‐AGE levels statistically different from the placebo group, additionally a statistically decrease in sRAGE levels in the placebo group was observed.

Support or Funding Information

Funded through DAIP Universidad de Guanajuato (011/2015) and PRODEP (UGTO‐PTC‐448)
Utilizing phytonutrients for public health and establishing Global Phytonutrient Society (GPS)
Authors: Amagase Harunobu , Miyazawa Teruo , Nakagawa Kiyotaka , Kato Shunji
Published: November 2023

Recent findings of health‐promotional effects of phytonutrients are globally recognized. Many of them are related to the age‐related symptoms and may be useful for super‐aging society and its related social issues. We would like to make phytonutrient as the first value of people's health for consumers and scientists, as a part of daily life based upon scientific evidence. Objective of GPS is to promote usefulness of phytonutrients based on advanced scientific evidence from the world; to utilize promising phytonutrients applying to super‐aging society; to link to global leading experts and societies; to collaborate with governmental scientific organizations in major regions; and to establish global subsidiaries in the future. Our goal is that botanicals, especially sources phytonutrients, are universally accepted by policy makers, regulators, academia and consumers for use in supplements/health foods and as essential choice to achieve optimal health.
Black Bean Coat Anthocyanin‐Rich Extracts and Pure Anthocyanins Modulated Molecular Markers of Diabetes
Authors: Mojica Luis , Berhow Mark , De Mejia Elvira Gonzalez
Published: November 2023

Black bean coats are a rich source of anthocyanins, natural pigments that could be used as food colorants with outstanding biological potential. The objective was to extract and characterize the black bean coat anthocyanins and evaluate their antidiabetes potential in an in vitro model. The anthocyanin‐rich extracts (ARE) were characterized using LTQK‐XL‐ESI‐MS; the biological potential of ARE and pure anthocyanins were evaluated using in silico approaches, biochemical assays and in vitro Caco‐2 cell culture regarding molecular markers of diabetes. Three anthocyanins were identified as delphinidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (465.1 m/z), petunidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (479.1 m/z) and malvidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (493.1 m/z). From the computational docking, pure anthocyanins showed potential to block α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV) by interacting in their catalytic cavity through hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic, and polar interactions. In cells, the inhibition of α‐glucosidase by ARE (1 mg/mL) was 38.7%, by malvidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (100 μM) was 42.8% and by delphinidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (100 μM) was 44.5%, with no statistical differences among themselves (p>0.05). ARE and pure anthocyanins malvidin‐3‐O‐glucoside and delphinidin‐3‐O‐glucoside also inhibited α‐amylase (35.6, 29.6 and 24.2%, respectively) with lower values than the positive control acarbose (66.8%, p<0.05). Pure anthocyanins malvidin‐3‐O‐glucoside and delphinidin‐3‐O‐glucoside showed higher inhibition of DPP‐IV (82.4 and 78.8%) than ARE (34.4 %) (p<0.05), and lower than the positive control sitagliptin (99.6%). ARE reduced glucose uptake after 60 min (30%) and 180 min (70%) of treatment compared to untreated control in Caco‐2 cells (p<0.05). The highest inhibition of reactive oxygen species formation in cells was observed for malvidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (91.2%) (p<0.05) followed by delphinidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (83.4%), and ARE (81.6%) in comparison to phloretin (66.2%) used as a control. Black bean coats are a good source of anthocyanins to be used as food pigments with important antidiabetes potential.

Support or Funding Information

This work was supported by a University of Illinois International Hatch Grant program.
The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Quercetin Inhibition of Sulforaphane Bioavailability and Bioactivity in Rats
Authors: Wang Yanling , Liu Xiaoji Christine , Becker Talon , Song Se Mi , Juvik John A , Miller Michael J , Jeffery Elizabeth H
Published: November 2023

Broccoli is a rich source of both glucoraphanin (GRP) and quercetin glycoside, precursors of the health promoting food components, sulforaphane (SFN) and quercetin, respectively. Considering that the content of quercetin in broccoli is reported to vary up to 400‐fold, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of quercetin levels on SFN bioavailability and bioactivity. Four different doses of quercetin (0.3, 2, 10 and 50 mg/kg BW), chosen to model broccoli content of quercetin, together with a single dose of GRP (30 mg/kg BW) were gavaged in twenty‐four adult male F344 rats daily for five days. SFN recovery in the urine and colonic NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) activity were measured for SFN bioavailability and bioactivity, respectively. Surprisingly, in contrast to reported synergy among quercetin and sulforaphane, a moderate negative correlation between quercetin level and colonic NQO1 activity (r= −0.40, p=0.37, one‐tailed non‐parametric Spearman's rank test) was found. Furthermore, we observed a strong negative correlation between quercetin level and SFN recovery in the urine (r= −1.00, p=0.04), suggesting that in rats, quercetin may inhibit SFN bioavailability, leading to inhibition of bioactivity. To investigate the underlying mechanism of inhibition by quercetin, we examined GRP hydrolysis by cecal microbiota ex vivo. Remarkably, consistent with the above findings, a strong negative correlation was observed between quercetin content and GRP hydrolyzing activity of cecal microbiota (r= −1.00, p=0.04), indicating that the inhibition of SFN bioavailability and bioactivity by quercetin might be through decreased GRP hydrolyzing activity in cecal microbiota. When quercetin and GRP were incubated with microbiota from un‐exposed rats, there was no direct inhibitory effect on GRP hydrolysis during a two‐hour incubation (p=0.458), suggesting that inhibition requires chronic exposure to quercetin. In conclusion, our study suggests that quercetin‐rich broccoli may interfere with SFN bioavailability and bioactivity, through decreasing the GRP hydrolyzing activity of cecal microbiota.

Support or Funding Information

USDA/NIFA 2016‐67017‐24430
Se‐allylselenocysteine suppresses inflammation via inhibiting iNOS expression
Authors: Cheng An‐Chin , Lee Ming‐Fen , Pan Min‐Hsiung
Published: November 2023

Se‐allylselenocysteine (ASC), an analogue of garlic compound, has been shown to inhibit mammary carcinogenesis in vivo and cell growth in vitro. However, the function of ASC on anti‐inflammatory effect remains largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether ASC has anti‐inflammatory effects on LPS‐induced inflammation.

We first tested the effect of ASC on cell viability to exclude the possibility that the decreased nitrite production in ASC‐treated cells was due to growth inhibition. According to the results, ASC didn't show cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 macrophages. The inflammatory process is associated with the activation of inflammatory macrophages, which release inflammatory mediators, such as NO. To evaluate the inhibitory effects of ASC on LPS‐stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells, the cells were treated with LPS (100 ng/mL) only or with different concentrations of ASC for 24 h. At the end of incubation time, plasma level of nitrite in the culture media of LPS‐activated macrophages was determined using Griess method. The results showed that LPS‐induced nitrite production was reduced significantly in 50μM of ASC‐treated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

We also detected the effects of ASC on the LPS‐induced expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein in RAW 264.7 cells. Likewise, iNOS expression was inhibited markedly by ASC at 50μM in a similar manner. These results indicate that the reduced expressions of iNOS by ASC were responsible for the inhibition of LPS‐induced NO production. In summary, the current study speculates that iNOS played a crucial role in anti‐inflammatory effects of ASC on LPS‐induced inflammation.
Polyphenol‐Rich Extract of Syzygium cumini Leaf Reduces Non‐alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in MSG‐obese Mice by a Joint Action on Insulin Resistance and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: França Lucas Matins , dos Santos Pâmela Costa , Flister Karla Frida Torres , Vale Caroline Castro , Sanches Jonas Rodrigues , Benevides Renata Ohana Alves , Ribeiro Nathalee Liberal Xavier , Laurindo Francisco Rafael Martins , de Andrade Paes Antonio Marcus
Published: November 2023

The hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) sustains non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) putting hepatic de novo lipogenesis into a vicious cycle. Early studies from our group have shown that polyphenol‐rich extract of S. cumini leaf (HESc) improves NAFLD in monosodium L‐glutamate (MSG)‐obese rats. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of HESc on lipid metabolism and ER stress markers in the liver of MSG‐obese mice. MSG‐obese mice were orally treated with HESc (Obese+HESc, 0,5 g/kg/day) for 4 weeks, whereas other MSG‐Obese and Lean mice received saline. Weight gain, food intake, feed efficiency and Lee index (LI) were measured for obesity development assessment. At the end of treatment, glucose (GTT) and insulin (ITT) tolerance tests were performed. Blood, white adipose tissues (WAT) and liver were collected upon euthanasia of anesthetized animals. Serum glucose (GL), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), free fatty acids (FFA) and insulin levels were determined and used to calculate HOMA‐IR and TyG indexes. WAT was weighed and their lipolytic activity assessed. Hepatic tissue was used to determine the lipid profile and gene expression of markers associated to TG synthesis (SREBP1c, PPARs, FAS, SCD1 and DGAT2) and exportation (APOB, PDI and MTTP). Expression of ER stress‐related genes (ATF6, IRE1α, PERK, NRF2 and CHOP) were also measured. HESc reduced the body weight (12%), LI (6%) and WAT (20%) as compared to Obese non‐treated mice. GL, TG, insulin and FFA levels were diminished in 38, 37, 29 and 30%, respectively. HESc improved insulin sensitivity by reducing both HOMA‐IR (56%) and TyG (9%) indexes, meanwhile increased kITT (87%). Lipolytic activity of Obese+HESc was increased in both basal (72%) and isoproterenol‐stimulated (42%) conditions. Total fat liver and TG content were reduced in 29 and 22%, respectively. HESc decreased the expression of PPARγ (35%), SREBP1c (52%), PPARα (56%), FAS (63%), DGAT2 (50%), ApoB (50%), MTTP (45%), PERK (66%) and NRF2 (50%), as compared to Obese non‐treated mice. On the other hand, hepatic expression of IRE1α, ATF6, PDI and CHOP genes did not change among groups. Therefore, our data suggest that HESc amelliorates NAFLD in MSG‐obese mice by improving insulin sensitivity and downregulating gene expression of hepatic lipogenesis markers, as well as PERK downstream pathway, an important lipogenic inducer of ER stress in the liver.

Support or Funding Information

FAPEMA, UFMA and CAPES