bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indicação geográfica e qualidade de cachaças segundo a percepção de apreciadores da bebida
Authors: Valente Maria Emília Rodrigues , Neves Nathália de Andrade , Perez Ronaldo , Fernandes Lúcia Regina Rangel de Moraes Valente , Lima João Eustáquio de , Chaves José Benício Paes
Published: September 2020

O conceito de qualidade de um produto, sob o ponto de vista do consumidor, é baseado nas suas percepções subjetivas. No entanto, no processo de aquisição de um produto, atributos de qualidade podem ser observados, auxiliando o consumidor na sua tomada de decisão. Dentre estes atributos, selos de indicação geográfica têm sido apontados como indicadores de qualidade de produtos alimentícios podendo ser considerados pelos consumidores ao realizar a sua compra. Objetivando avaliar a relevância de sinais e atributos de qualidade na escolha da Cachaça, por apreciadores com alto nível de conhecimento e elevado grau de envolvimento com a bebida, foram aplicados questionários a esse público. Os resultados mostraram que os atributos sensoriais são os parâmetros mais importantes para os apreciadores de cachaça. No entanto, antes da degustação do produto, fatores como marca, preço e marketing têm maior relevância no momento da compra. Os resultados apontaram que a origem geográfica ainda não é um conceito relevante aos consumidores desse nicho de mercado.
Aplicações farmacológicas da Cúrcuma longa L. como planta medicinal: Uma revisão
Authors: Nascimento Pablo Rafael Serêjo do , Silva Júnior Edimilson Linhares da , Branco Alessandra Camillo da Silveira Castelo
Published: September 2020

As plantas medicinais têm sido amplamente empregadas em formulações para diversas indicações terapêuticas como forma profilática e ativadora de alguns sistemas do organismo. Uma planta que está em crescente estudo e já possui comprovações na literatura sobre seu uso e efeitos é a Cúrcuma longa L.. Este artigo busca apresentar as principais aplicações farmacológicas da Cúrcuma longa. através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica envolvendo artigos entre 2010 e 2020. A Cúrcuma longa L. em especial seu composto ativo, a curcumina, apresenta várias atividades farmacológicas comumente relatadas e experimentadas in vitroor diversos autores, dentre elas atividade antibacteriana, atividade antifúngica, ação neuroprotetora, anticoagulante, anti-inflamatória. Conclui-se que a Cúrcuma longa L. é uma planta com grande possibilidade de inserção como adjuvante no tratamento de problemas de saúde, desde mais leves como inflamações a casos mais graves como no tratamento farmacológico do câncer. Sabendo-se que as plantas possuem elevado número de substâncias químicas e que muitas já foram estudadas, explorar produtos naturais pode vir a mostrar a cura para muitas doenças. Desta forma, espera-se que tais resultados contribuam com o direcionamento de novos estudos sobre a espécie em questão, orientando pesquisas em outras áreas ainda não exploradas e como também outros compostos extraídos dessa planta que se mostra promissora para a comunidade científica como alternativa terapêutica.
Influence of glucomannan edible coating in guava quality during storage
Authors: Barion Gabriela Cristina , Vital Ana Carolina Pelaes , Matumoto-Pintro Paula Toshimi , Rosa Cássia Inês Lourenzi Franco
Published: September 2020

Guava (Psidium guajava) is a highly perishable fruit and is considered as climacteric. Therefore, some alternatives are studied to prolong post-harvest conservation, one of them being the application of edible coatings, which are based on polysaccharides. The objective of this study was to evaluate the post-harvest conservation of uncoated (control – T0) guavas and with edible coating containing 0.5% (T0.5) and 1.0% (T1.0) of konjac glucomannan. The fruits were immersed in the solutions and stored under refrigeration at 4 ° C for analysis at 7 and 15 days of storage. The main parameters evaluated in relation to fruit quality during storage were firmness and color, and with the coating application it was possible to observe a maintenance of these parameters when compared to the control (p <0.05). Besides that, the fruits with coating presented a lower loss of mass. The other parameters evaluated were not influenced by coating addition (p> 0.05), such as pH, acidity, soluble solids, ascorbic acid, luminosity and redness of the peel and color of the pulp. Therefore, coatings made with glucomannan from Konjac may be an alternative to guarantee the quality of fruits during its commercialization, increasing its shelf life.
Performance of methods for detecting occlusal caries lesions: ICDAS X radiological image
Authors: Simões Tânia Cristina , Marques Leonardo Carmezini , Sá André Tomazini Gomes de , Maciel Sandra Mara , Poleti Marcelo Lupion , Prado Fabíola Stahlke , González Alejandra Hortência Miranda , Rubira-Bullen Izabel Regina Fischer , Bussadori Sandra Kalil , Moura Sandra Kiss
Published: September 2020

Objective: We investigated the precision and accuracy of methods to detect caries lesions on the occlusal surface in vitro using ICDAS and radiological image. Methodology: Human third molars (n=14) were placed in an acrylic resin base and maintained wet during the study. The occlusal surfaces were visually inspected by three examiners using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) method. The condition of each tooth was registered by images obtained with Digital Radiography (DR), Microcomputed Tomography (µ-CT) and Histologic Specimen (HS). For each tooth and method utilized in the study, an image was selected based on the largest extension of caries found, wherein the three examiners attributed a score to the lesion in accordance with the visual description of each method. The Kappa index, Fisher’s exact test and the Spearman´s correlation coefficient were used for evaluating reliability and accuracy, with a significance level of 5%. Results: Considerable interobserver reliability values were found for ICDAS (k = 0.701), almost perfect for µ-CT (k = 0.855) and HS (k = 0.920), and reasonable for DR (k = 0.221). Significant statistical difference was observed for ICDAS (p < 0.05), and for DR and µ-CT methods (p < 0.01). The correlation was moderate for ICDAS (r = 0.597), high for DR (r = 0.764) and perfect for µ-CT (1.000). Conclusions: the most reliability method for detecting caries lesions on occlusal surfaces in vitro was µ-CT, followed by ICDAS and DR. The most accurate method was µ-CT, followed by DR and ICDAS.
In vitro digestion as a tool for functional isolation of a probiotic potential Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Authors: Lima Meire dos Santos Falcão de , Souza Karoline Mirella Soares de , Pastrana Lorenzo , Soares Maria Taciana Cavalcanti Vieira , Porto Ana Lúcia Figueiredo
Published: September 2020

This study set out to isolate microrganisms strains with probiotic characteristics after simulating the in vitro digestion of sheep milk fermented by kefir grains. Three lactobacilli with probiotic characteristics were isolated and identified as Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Assays characterized these strains as probiotic since they tolerated acid pH and bile salts, had antibiotic resistance, antagonist activity, antioxidant activity, presence of β-galactosidase enzyme and other tests revealed adhesion capacity. All strains presented antioxidant activity and survived at different pH and bile salts. These strains can be considered safe because they were susceptible to antibiotics tested, possess antagonist activity to pathogens and high β-galactosidase activity. As to adhesion criteria (hydrophobicity and autoaggregation), L. rhamnosus Lb16 stood out, as it also adheres to the intestinal epithelium cells of mice. The analysis of L. rhamnosus Lb16 can assist the dairy industry to enhance the potential human health benefits of its products. This paper is an important contribution to probiotics isolated after simulation of the in vitro digestion of fermented sheep milk by kefir grains, this has a differential due to its different characteristics which afforded the isolation of resistant strains to gastrointestinal conditions.
Nível de estresse e ansiedade dos discentes do curso de enfermagem
Authors: Leite Airton César , Fernandes Ana Maria de Moura , Araujo Raquel Vilanova
Published: September 2020

O objetivo do estudo é avaliar o nível de estresse e ansiedade dos discentes do curso de enfermagem. Revisão integrativa de literatura com abordagem qualitativa. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE, IBECS. Utilizando os descritores: Estresse psicológico; Ansiedade; Estudantes de enfermagem, conectados com o operador booleano “OR”, em seguida aderiu-se o cruzamento com operador booleano “AND”. Utilizou-se como acrônimo a estratégia PICo. Na amostra inicial tem-se um total de 1459 artigos, após a leitura dos títulos e resumos, aderiu-se uma amostra parcial de 105 publicações, em seguida realizou-se uma leitura mais detalhada obteve-se um resultado final de 40 estudos que foram lidos na integra, analisados, interpretados, discutidos e confrontados com luz teórica acerca da temática em discussão. Após análise das publicações constatou-se que o estresse e ansiedade apresentam um impacto no desempenho acadêmico dos estudantes de enfermagem, evidenciando os fatores associados ao aumento do nível de estresse e ansiedade, os períodos acadêmicos com maiores índices de estresse e ansiedade, e abordando práticas integrativas para minimizar a presença de estresse e ansiedade na vida acadêmica. Evidenciou-se no estudo, uma alta prevalência de estresse e ansiedade entre discentes do Curso em Enfermagem, para tanto, faz-se necessário à construção de projetos de apoio para acolher o estudante, abrindo espaço para o diálogo através de um suporte profissional, visando detectar precocemente os sinais de estresse para que ocorra o manejo adequado do evento, evitando, corrigindo ou minimizando seus efeitos.
Levantamento etnofarmacológico de plantas medicinais utilizadas pela população local da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Barra do Una, Brasil
Authors: Moreira Letícia Parada , Ramires Milena , Sampaio Paulo de Salles Penteado , Souza Tiago Ribeiro de , Toma Walber , Guimarães Luciana Lopes
Published: September 2020

Classificada como uma categoria de Unidade de Conservação Brasileira de uso sustentável, a Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Barra do Una (RDSBU) apresenta notória biodiversidade de plantas medicinais tradicionalmente utilizadas ao longo das gerações no tratamento de diversas doenças. Assim, o levantamento de dados etnofarmacológicos se faz essencial para documentar e preservar o conhecimento da população local desta área. O estudo teve como objetivo obter informações etnofarmacológicas sobre as plantas medicinais utilizadas pela população local da RDSBU. Os dados etnofarmacológicos foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com 37 informantes da população da RDSBU. As espécies vegetais citadas foram coletadas por meio da técnica de visita guiada e foi realizada a identificação taxonômica. O fator de consenso do informante e o nível de fidelidade foram usados ​​para determinar a importância dos recursos de plantas medicinais. A validação farmacológica e uma revisão sistemática dos compostos fitoquímicos para as espécies mencionadas também foram realizadas. Para as espécies sem informação sobre os constituintes fitoquímicos foi realizada uma triagem fitoquímica. 103 plantas foram citadas, onde 70 puderam ser identificadas em nível de espécie. Entre as plantas que foram identificadas em nível de espécie, apenas 21 possuem validação farmacológica em farmacopéias e monografias. Tabebuia cassinoides (Lam.) DC. e Imperata tenuis Hack. não apresentaram informações na literatura sobre constituintes fitoquímicos e atividades biológicas e foram analisadas por meio de triagem fitoquímica. O presente estudo documentou pela primeira vez a etnofarmacologia de plantas medicinais da comunidade da RDSBU.
Características socioeconômicas dos acampamentos rurais Sapucaia e Caípe, união dos palmares, Alagoas, Brasil
Authors: Agelo Neto Orlando , Medeiros Milena da Silva , Silva Kledson Batista da , Santos Tania Marta Carvalho dos , Costa Jakes Halan de Queiroz , Silva Paula Cibelly Vilela da , Silva João Manoel da
Published: September 2020

O panorama do uso da terra na zona da mata do estado de Alagoas é tradicionalmente ligado ao monocultivo da cana-de-açúcar. Com a decadência da indústria sucroalcooleira a paisagem vem mudando, os campos outrora ocupados por canaviais vão dando lugar a barracos de lona, são os acampamentos rurais, lar e palco de luta e resistência de homens e mulheres à espera da reforma agrária, pessoas que vivem à margem da sociedade e revelam o descaso do poder público com a agricultura familiar. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho evidenciar as condições de vida à que estão expostas essas pessoas, os limites impostos pelas condições adversas e falta de recursos, bem como identificar quem são, suas escolaridades, idades e gênero. Os acampamentos estudados foram Caípe e Sapucaia, localizados as margens da BR-104 do município de União dos Palmares, na zona da mata alagoana, onde foram englobados dados quantitativos e qualitativos obtidos a partir do uso de questionário semiestruturado aplicado a um universo de 14 famílias escolhidas ao acaso, dentre os acampados encontram-se em sua maioria ex-trabalhadores do monocultivo da cana-de-açúcar que se sentem no direito de reivindicar acesso à terra onde trabalharam.
Estudo de viabilidade para a reutilização de plataformas offshore fixa como substrutura de torres eólica
Authors: Quissanga Vencislau Manuel , Nascimento Elson Antonio do , Galgoul Nelson Szilard
Published: September 2020

Com o objetivo de dar um outro uso às plataformas offshore fixa com o tempo de vida útil vencidas, principalmente aquelas situadas em campos com condições ambientais favoráveis para instalação de turbinas eólicas offshore, o presente trabalho de pesquisa ressalta a importância de avaliar a possibilidade de reutilização de uma plataforma (jaqueta) submetida ao carregamento de uma torres de 10 MW, considerando sobre tudo as novas condições de operação. Para isso se tem em conta as análises dos elementos que conformam a estrutura (jaqueta) de modos a atinar as suas respetivas razões de tensões. Considerou-se o carregamento da torre eólica de maneira pontualmente distribuído sobre os 4 nós no topo das pernas principais da jaqueta.  A estrutura investigada apresenta uma jaqueta de 16,85 m de altura, com a área da mesa inferior de 9,95 m x 9,95 m e 6,75 m x 6,75 m na mesa superior. O sistema estrutural foi desenvolvido com base à utilização do software OrcaFlex V10.3, que permite analisar as razões de tensões (“Unity Check”) incluído os efeitos de segunda ordem por meio da utilização do Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF). Desta forma, os resultados obtidos ao longo das análises para avaliar o comportamento estrutural apontam para o fato de que a jaqueta investigada não atende aos critérios de projeto para dar suporte a torres eólicas de 10 MW.
Physical Education professional practice and teacher education in Brazil: historical analysis of public policies and recommendations for advancing professional practice and teacher education
Authors: Rufino Luiz Gustavo Bonatto , Benites Larissa Cerignoni , Souza Neto Samuel de
Published: September 2020

This study aims to analyze the process by which public policy relating to Physical Education Teacher Education in Brazil is developed, highlighting both the most important advances and the issues that still need to be better understood and evolved. To that end, from an interpretative research approach, we analyzed documents related to several laws and guidelines of Brazilian public policy. The results focus on the relation between Physical Education in Brazil and the field of public policies in a historical analysis and its intersection with a sociological perspective. This article concludes that although the field of Physical Education has achieved greater social importance in public policies, there are still several challenges that it must overcome to achieve social legitimacy. Further studies in this approach are therefore necessary to shed light on what is not apparent but is nevertheless part of "how the game is played".
Análise do projeto e construção da barreira marítima na usina Angra I
Authors: Barros João Paulo Novaes Lessa de , Casillas Tomas Angel Del Valls , Ramires Milena
Published: September 2020

O forte empuxo das bombas hidráulicas de refrigeração, que realizam a sucção da água, da qual é necessária para gerar energia na usina nuclear de Angra I vem afetando a fauna local, em especial, as tartarugas marinhas. Para evitar a morte de diversas tartarugas sugadas, foi realizado o projeto de construção de uma barreira marítima com a finalidade de preservar a vida dos animais, garantir o funcionamento da usina. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar o projeto e a construção da barreira instalada e manutenção de redes de metal (grades de carbono) tanto para proteger a usina quanto para evitar mortes dos animais marinhos com foco principal nas tartarugas. A barreira demonstrou eficiência comparado a dados anteriores evitando qualquer mortalidade após sua construção, em conjunto com o projeto, houve paralelamente a divulgação do projeto da barreira como meio de conscientização dos moradores das comunidades próximas, assim como pescadores e toda a população das cidades ao redor sob o impacto ambiental causado.
Harmonisasi Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana dan Legal Culture di Indonesia: Penanganan Zina dan Permasalahannya
Authors: Wijayanto Indung , Wulandari Cahya
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan harmonisasi antara Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana dan legal culture dalam penegakan pasal zina beserta permasalahannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Meskipun sudah ada aturan hukum pidana positif yang mengatur terkait tindak pidana zina, namun belum bisa menampung semua permasalahan yang terjadi di Indonesia tentang zina. Aturan terkait zina yang belum bisa tertampung adalah aturan mengenai zina yang terjadi antara seorang laki-laki dan seorang perempuan yang tidak memiliki ikatan perkawinan dengan siapa pun. Sehingga guna menyelesaikan permasalahan yang ada dalam masyarakat, masyarakat menggunakan hukum adat yang mereka pegang teguh sebagai pedoman dan panduan dalam menjalankan kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa dan bernegara. Dengan demikian, diperlukan suatu pembaharuan dalam hukum pidana guna menampung permasalahan-permasalahan yang terjadi di masyarakat yang tidak dapat terpenuhi oleh Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana yang berlaku saat ini.
Nitrogen leaching losses from fodder beet and kale crops grazed by dairy cows in southern SouthlandNitrogen leaching losses from fodder beet and kale crops grazed by dairy cows in southern Southland
Authors: Smith L. Chris , Monaghan Ross M.
Published: September 2020

Fodder beet has become increasingly common as both a winter forage and as a supplement at the shoulders of the dairy season in southern New Zealand. One advantage over the more traditional kale crop option is that fodder beet results in less urinary nitrogen (N) excretion in dairy animals, potentially reducing N leaching. Two trials were undertaken to measure nitrogen leaching losses under both autumn-grazed or autumn-lifted fodder beet crops. Leaching losses were also measured from winter-grazed fodder beet and winter-grazed kale treatments. Results from Trial 1 show that leaching losses from autumn-lifted or autumn-grazed fodder beet  treatments were large (108–131 kg N ha-1) relative to losses measured in the winter-grazed fodder beet treatment (82 kg N ha-1). This indicates that autumn-grazed fodder beet crops have a greater potential for N leaching than winter-grazed fodder beet. The practice of lifting and removing fodder beet during autumn appeared to reduce N leaching somewhat, but losses were still relatively large, perhaps due to carryover of N from the previous season as a result of the dry summer conditions that preceded the drainage season in in the first year of Trial 1. The amount of N leached from the winter-grazed fodder beet treatment from Trial 1 at 82 kg N ha-1 was 50% less than the 176 kg N ha-1 observed for the kale crop. Results from Trial 2 using larger plots showed a similar trend, with winter-grazed fodder beet leaching 42% less N than winter-grazed kale (41 vs 70 kg N ha-1; P<0.001), despite not all the urine N being collected by the end of the drainage season. These losses are relatively large compared to the annual N leaching losses measured from pasture paddocks on the same farm, which ranged from 13–23 kg N ha-1. Considerations of grazing and/or harvest timing (autumn vs winter) as well as crop type appear to be important factors that determine N leaching losses from Southland dairy systems.
How Democracy Backslides: Tracing the Pathway in Six Countries
Authors: Riaz Ali , Rana MD Sohel
Published: September 2020

The state of global democracy has been witnessing a consistent trend called ‘democratic backsliding’. Several studies have explained ‘why democracy backslides’, nevertheless, attention towards ‘how democracy backslides’ remains less explored. The current paper meets this gap and examines the processes of democratic backsliding in six countries, namely Bangladesh, Bolivia, Mali, Turkey, Ukraine, and Zambia. We make three interrelated arguments. First, we argue that there are specific milestones in the process of democratic backsliding which accentuates the processes and provides legitimate cover to the actions of the incumbent. Second, as opposed to Levitsky & Ziblatt (2018)’s three stage model of the backsliding – attacking referees, targeting opponents, and changing the rules of the game, we show that a pattern of changes in the constitution, in other words, changing the rules of the game, is the first step. Third, media manipulation is the second target in the backsliding processes.
The Whole Nature Of God In The Predestination Dilemma
Authors: Manurung Pangeran
Published: September 2020

The problem in this paper lies in the polemic that arises in the understanding of double predestination, especially regarding the theological dilemmas in it. On the one hand, God is described as a cruel and inhuman God when only choosing some people to be saved, and on the other hand Christian doctrine recognizes that God does indeed choose some people to love. The purpose of writing this essay is to prove that a comprehensive approach can reduce theological dilemmas and conflicts when discussing the formulation of predestination. The research method used is literature study, by describing the core of Calvin's double predestination and reviewing it by involving the interrelated attributes of God. The results of this study prove that when the concept of predestination is reviewed by involving the attributes of God as a whole, it appears that God cannot be called an arrogant God when choosing humans in the project of salvation.
Discipleship In The Concept Of Power Ministry Based On The Kingdom Of God
Authors: Andrian Tonny
Published: September 2020

Discipleship is undeniably the psychomotor of the church as well as the application of the Great Commission of the Lord Jesus Christ. The Lord Jesus Himself did discipleship which started with 12 disciples as well as 70 disciples. Likewise with the life of the Apostles, there were Paul, Silas, Timothy and Titus, where they became messengers of Christ Jesus the Lord preaching about the Kingdom of Heaven. The kingdom of heaven gave birth to the church. So the youth with the concept of the kingdom of heaven should be a bridge for the millennial generation.

Millennials tend to be: Multitasking (working with a variety of activities), Collaboration (strong collaboration skills), Transparency (openness in many fields), balance of work and way of life (healthy ways of life and nutritious intake), Tech savvy that is concerned with the latest technology / updates status, connected in social media, hard worker, concerned with job satisfaction. Reaching the end of the concept of discipleship with power of ministry based on the kingdom of heaven has not been as expected unto the millennial generation in life will become a strong generation with a mentality that is more than a winner with the power of the Lord Jesus working in their lives. They live under free sex, drugs and pornography ect. How can we as a leader to disciple them and knowing heavenly Father to become a millennial generation who have dignity and are directed towards the glory of God.
Межэтнические браки в среде городских русских и казахов Северного Казахстана
Authors: Kaziev Sattar S. , Mogunova Marina V. , Mogunov Sergey V.
Published: September 2020

The article discusses the main trends in the marriage relations between urban Kazakhs and Russians in the North Kazakhstan region in the period between 1996 and 2016. The authors aim not only to show the quantitative changes taking place in the field of family and marriage, but also to analyze the main factors that affect the overall development of inter-ethnic marriages. Inter-ethnic marriages are relevant predictors of the inter-ethnic relations in general and allow to assess the existing ethno-cultural distances. In this regard, the main attention was paid to marriages between Kazakhs and Russians of the region. The research was based on the materials of the City Civil Registry Office as well as on the ethno-sociological surveys. A comparative analysis of the development of family and marriage relations in other regions of Kazakhstan was made based on data from published literature.
The study of inter-ethnic marriages between 1996 and 2016 revealed an obvious positive shift in the attitudes both among local Kazakhs and Russians. This is largely due to the accelerated urbanization of the Kazakh population and the widespread system of European social attitudes, including individualization of conscience and the prevalence of the egalitarian family. Based on empirical data, further increase in the number of marriages of Kazakhs and Russians in the region is predicted. Despite the fact that the main share of marriages is currently mono-ethnic marriages, an ethno-sociological survey in April 2020 revealed a tolerant attitude of the majority of Kazakh and Russian youth to the idea of creating a family with representatives of another ethnic group. The study also demonstrated that in Northern Kazakhstan, the two leading ethnic groups avoided the scenario of "communization" and turned out to be "open" in inter-ethnic relations, and in future, this can level out ethno-cultural differences and block inter-group conflicts. This trend has been identified so far at the local level and contrasts with the trends of family and marriage relations in the southern region, which show the rigidity of inter-ethnic "partitions" and the strength of traditional attitudes.
Краниологический аспект генезиса населения тропической транссахарской Африки
Authors: Pestriakov Aleksandr P. , Grigorieva Olga M. , Pelenitsyna Yulia V.
Published: September 2020

This article continues a study of cranial growth on the example of the population of tropical Trans-Saharan Africa. The cranial samples of Gabon, basin of the Congo River (the Western part), and East African farmers and Capoids – Bushmen and Hottentots (the Eastern part) were analyzed. Male and female cranial samples were studied separately. Crania of some samples clustered according to the type of growth processes in the crania. Comparative analysis showed that the cranial samples (and clusters inside them) from the West of the studied region, as a whole, differ significantly from those from the East in the shape of the skull. This is clearly seen in the male sample, but less obvious in the female one. The overall size of the cranium in the West is significantly more variable than in the East. This is because of a Pygmy admixture in the population of equatorial rainforest, which are associated with a small size of the cranium. There is no such difference between East African farmers and the craniologically similar Capoids (Bushmen and Hottentots). This leads to two main conclusions. First, the population of the Western (humid) part of Equatorial Africa formed as a mixture of larger-headed agricultural groups with Pygmies, who had smaller crania. Second, the agricultural population of the Eastern (more arid) part of the studied territory is almost identical in craniological terms to the Capoids (Bushmen and Hottentots) of South Africa, while differs significantly from the pastoralist population of this territory.
Илья Самуилович Гурвич о политике патернализма в отношении коренных народов Севера
Authors: Bulgakova Tatyana D.
Published: September 2020

I.S. Gurvich's research on the policy of paternalism in relation to the indigenous peoples of the North is now becoming relevant in the context of the contemporary discussion. Gurvich acknowledged that the Soviet policy of paternalism in the first place gave priority to the public interest. Nonetheless, at the same time, he was convinced that the contemporary principles of public administration were at the same time focused on meeting the needs of the indigenous population of the North and on the harmonious matching of these needs with the interests of the centralized power. It was the consistency of interests and needs of the subject and the object of management that, in his opinion, ensured the effectiveness of the Soviet policy and warranted its consolidated support from the population. Gurvich believed that the modernization of the culture of the indigenous peoples of the North was a reliable means of implementing the equality of all peoples, proclaimed in the country, and believed that achieving this equality was in demand among the indigenous population of the North. The researcher was convinced that the future does not lie in the preservation of traditional aspects of culture, but in the development of ethnic culture in the context of inevitable socio-cultural transformations. Gurvich’s research proves the inevitability and necessity of introducing the indigenous people of the North to the cultural achievements of other peoples, which, without detracting from their ethnic identity, contributes to their socio-cultural integration within both individual regions and the entire country.
Доклад И.С. Гурвича по этнографии Якутии в архиве Академии наук
Authors: Kiselev, Mikhail Yu.
Published: September 2020

The article provides information on the report by I.S. Gurvich “New Data on Ethnography of Northern Yakutia”, stored in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, presented at a meeting of the Institute of Ethnography of the USSR Academy of Sciences on April 26, 1955. The report contains information about expeditions of the Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Yakut Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1953-1954. The expeditions aimed to study the composition of the population, life and culture of the peoples living in the basins of the Yana and Lower Lena rivers (Verkhoyansk, Ust-Yansky, Berizinsky, Zhigansky regions). As a result of a wide continuous ethnographic survey, it was possible not only to collect material for an ethnographic map of the northern regions of Yakutia and to further elaborate ethnic statistics for a number of regions, but also to identify areas of settlement of specific ethnic groups. The scientist managed to collect sufficient material to characterize the process of national consolidation, which was extremely intensive in the north of Yakutia. He noted that in reality the historical process in the North was still going on and had its own specificity, and "the task of Soviet historians and ethnographers is to reveal the essence of these processes, since there is still no connected history of the peoples of the North".
Angiotensin Inhibition, TGF-β and EMT in Cancer
Authors: Pallasch Fabian Bernhard , Schumacher Udo
Published: September 2020

Angiotensin inhibitors are standard drugs in cardiovascular and renal diseases that have antihypertensive and antifibrotic properties. These drugs also exert their antifibrotic effects in cancer by reducing collagen and hyaluronan deposition in the tumor stroma, thus enhancing drug delivery. Angiotensin II signaling interferes with the secretion of the cytokine TGF-β—a known driver of malignancy. TGF-β stimulates matrix production in cancer-associated fibroblasts, and thus drives desmoplasia. The effect of TGF-β on cancer cells itself is stage-dependent and changes during malignant progression from inhibitory to stimulatory. The intracellular signaling for the TGF-β family can be divided into an SMAD-dependent canonical pathway and an SMAD-independent noncanonical pathway. These capabilities have made TGF-β an interesting target for numerous drug developments. TGF-β is also an inducer of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is a highly complex spatiotemporal-limited process controlled by a plethora of factors. EMT is a hallmark of metastatic cancer, and with its reversal, an important step in the metastatic cascade is characterized by a loss of epithelial characteristics and/or the gain of mesenchymal traits.
Electro-Optic Intensity Modulation in Fe-Doped KTa0.65Nb0.35O3 Crystals
Authors: Yang Cheng-Kai , Wang Xu-Ping , Zhang Fei , Zhang Hua-Di , Liu Bing , Li Jing , Zhang Yuan-Yuan , Yang Yu-Guo , Lv Xian-Shun , Wei Lei
Published: September 2020

KTa0.65Nb0.35O3 and Fe-doped KTa0.65Nb0.35O3 crystals were grown by the top-seeded solution growth method (TSSG). Fe ion doping significantly improves the electro-optic properties of cubic KTN crystals. We describe their electro-optic modulation theory and experimental research. The electro-optic modulation waveform deduced by theoretical calculation is basically consistent with the waveform measured in the experiment. We observed the attenuation of light modulation under multiple voltage cycles. The modulation curve of the crystal is inconsistent when the crystal voltage is boosting and bucking. Under the same voltage condition, the higher the incident light power, the faster the modulation depth attenuation. In this experiment, the size of the KTN crystal chip is 6 mm × 5 mm × 2 mm. We obtain the effective electro-optic coefficient as s11 − s12 = 1.34 × 10−15 m2/V2; the half-wave voltage near the Curie temperature is 39 V.
Controlling the Chaotic Motions of an Airfoil with a Nonlinear Stiffness Using Closed-Loop Harmonic Parametric Excitation
Authors: Alstrom Robert Bruce
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research is to conduct a preliminary investigation into the possibility of suppressing the flutter and post-flutter (chaotic) responses of a two-dimensional self-excited airfoil with a cubic nonlinear stiffness (in torsion) and linear viscous damping via closed-loop harmonic parametric excitation. It was found that the initial configuration of the proposed control scheme caused the torsional/pitch dynamics to act as a nonlinear energy sink; as a result, it was identified that the mechanisms of vibration suppression are the resonance capture cascade and the short duration or isolated resonance capture. It is the isolated resonance capture that is responsible for the second-order-like damping and full vibration suppression of the aeroelastic system. The unforced and closed-loop system was subjected to random excitation to simulate aerodynamic turbulence. It was found that the random excitation suppresses the phase-coherent chaotic response, and the closed-loop system is susceptible to random excitation.
Introduction: Religion and Nationalism? Or Nationalism and Religion? Some Reflections on the Relationship between Religion and Nationalism
Authors: Mentzel Peter C.
Published: September 2020

This essay is the introduction to the special issue of Genealogy, “For God and Country: Essays on Nationalism and Religion.” It poses the question of what relationship, if any, nationalism has to religion, and then briefly reviews the history and current state of the scholarship on the topic. This essay then introduces the seven essays making up the special edition. It concludes by observing that, overall, the collection suggests that while religion and nationalism are more closely related than previously held, they nevertheless remain two distinct phenomena.
The Influence of Ship Waves on Sediment Resuspension in the Large Shallow Lake Taihu, China
Authors: Bu Minsheng , Li Yiping , Wei Jin , Tang Chunyan
Published: September 2020

Sediment resuspension induces endogenous nutrient release in shallow lakes, which has been demonstrated to be associated with eutrophication. In addition to natural wind-driven resuspension, navigable shallow lakes (such as Lake Taihu, China) also experience resuspension from human activities, such as ship waves. Both processes determine the intensity, frequency, and duration of sediment resuspension, and may consequently affect the pattern of cyanobacteria blooms in the lake. In this study, acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV), Optical Backscatter Sensor (OBS), and temperature wave tide gauge (instrument model :RBR duo TD|wave) were placed in an observation platform in the lake to obtain high-frequency flow velocities, suspended sediment concentration (SSC), and wave parameters before, during, and after a cargo ship passed by. We found that the ship wave disturbance intensity is greatly influenced by the draft depth. The movement generated by ship disturbance is primarily horizontal rather than vertical. Compared with the wind-induced wave, the disturbance caused by the ship waves has a high intensity, short duration, and narrow range of influence. The maximum total shear stress under ship disturbance can reach 9~90 times the critical shear stress under a natural state. Therefore, the effect of ship waves on sediment resuspension near the channel of Lake Taihu is much greater than that of wind-induced waves. These findings represent an important step towards understanding the quantitative relationship between ship wave disturbance and sediment resuspension, and lay the foundation for future research in order to understand and control the eutrophication of shallow lakes.
Analysis of the Codon Usage Pattern of HA and NA Genes of H7N9 Influenza A Virus
Authors: Sun Jiumeng , Zhao Wen , Wang Ruyi , Zhang Wenyan , Li Gairu , Lu Meng , Shao Yuekun , Yang Yichen , Wang Ningning , Gao Qi , Su Shuo
Published: September 2020

Novel H7N9 influenza virus transmitted from birds to human and, since March 2013, it has caused five epidemic waves in China. Although the evolution of H7N9 viruses has been investigated, the evolutionary changes associated with codon usage are still unclear. Herein, the codon usage pattern of two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), was studied to understand the evolutionary changes in relation to host, epidemic wave, and pathogenicity. Both genes displayed a low codon usage bias, with HA higher than NA. The codon usage was driven by mutation pressure and natural selection, although the main contributing factor was natural selection. Additionally, the codon adaptation index (CAI) and deoptimization (RCDI) illustrated the strong adaptability of H7N9 to Gallus gallus. Similarity index (SiD) analysis showed that Homo sapiens posed a stronger selection pressure than Gallus gallus. Thus, we assume that this may be related to the gradual adaptability of the virus to human. In addition, the host strong selection pressure was validated based on CpG dinucleotide content. In conclusion, this study analyzed the usage of codons of two genes of H7N9 and expanded our understanding of H7N9 host specificity. This aids into the development of control measures against H7N9 influenza virus.
Fewer Cardiopulmonary Complications and Shorter Length of Stay in Anterolateral Thoracolumbar Spine Exposures Using a Small-Incision Specialized Retractor System
Authors: Khan-Makoid Sophia , Tjaden Bruce L. , Leake Samuel S. , McFall Ross G. , Miller Charles C. , Sandhu Harleen K. , Schmitt Karl , Charlton-Ouw Kristofer M.
Published: September 2020

Objectives: One of the challenges of spine surgery is the need for adequate exposure of the anterolateral spinal column. Improved retractor systems with integrated lighting minimize the need for large thoracotomy, flank, or abdominal incisions. In 2013, we began using the NuVasive MaXcess® system via a minimal-access lateral incision for thoracic and thoracolumbar spine exposures. These small-access approaches may not offer adequate exposure when bleeding and other complications arise. We sought to determine the feasibility and outcomes of a minimal-access retractor during anterolateral spine exposures. Methods: An institutional-review-board-approved retrospective chart review was performed of all patients who underwent anterolateral thoracic and lumbosacral spine exposure at an academic hospital between December 1999 and April 2017. Cervical and posterior spine exposures were not included. Information regarding patient demographics, comorbid conditions, operative techniques, exposure, estimated blood loss, length of stay, and intraoperative and postoperative complications was collected. Data for standard exposure vs. minimally invasive exposures were compared. Results: Between December 1999 and April 2017, 223 anterolateral spinal exposures were performed at our institution. Of those, 122 (54.7%) patients had true lateral exposures, with 22 (18%) using the minimally invasive retractor. The mean age of our patient population was 57 years (19–89), with 65 (53%) men and a mean body mass index of 29.0 (17.4–58.6). In the standard exposure group, complications occurred in 22 (22%) patients, whereas only two (9%) complications occurred in the minimal-access group. There were no significant differences in overall intraoperative and postoperative complications, except for cardiopulmonary complications, which were reduced in the minimally invasive group (p < 0.019). Patients with minimally invasive exposure had a significantly shorter length of stay than those with standard exposure (7 vs. 13 days, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Minimal-access techniques using advanced retractor systems are both feasible and safe compared to standard techniques allowing for similar lateral spine exposure, but with smaller incisions, fewer cardiopulmonary complications, and shorter lengths of stay.
Shaving Technique and Compression Therapy for Elephantiasis Nostras Verrucosa (Lymphostatic Verrucosis) of Forefeet and Toes in End-Stage Primary Lymphedema: A 5 Year Follow-Up Study in 28 Patients and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Damstra Robert J. , Dickinson-Blok Janine L. , Voesten Harry G.J.M.
Published: September 2020

Background. Longstanding lymphedema can lead, especially when there is recurrence of erysipelas, to irreversible elephantiasis nostras verrucosa (ENV). This predisposes to new episodes of erysipelas, leading to further damage of the lymphatics and deterioration of the lymphedema as a whole. We report the results of 28 patients with primary lymphedema and surgical removal ENV of the forefoot and toes treated between 2006 and 2014. Method: Retrospective descriptive 5 year follow-up study of 28 patients with various diagnosis of primary lymphedema. Wound healing time, number of erysipelas, body mass index (BMI), recurrence of EVN and types of compression were documented during follow-up. Results: After preoperative multidisciplinary work up, operation of the toes with shaving and excision was performed within a conservative treatment program. During the follow up, the number of erysipelas attacks decreased dramatically (mean 17.6 vs. 0.6). Before treatment, no toecaps were used; and in follow up, it was a part of treatment. Recurrence of ENV was not observed. Compared to the literature with often BMI > 35, the mean BMI in our group was 30.0 (overweight). In 12 patients, we concurrently performed circumferential suction-assisted lipectomy for end-stage lymphedema of the leg. Conclusion: Although lymphedema patients are treated with garments during the maintenance phase, compression of the toes is often too challenging. Surgical removal of the verrucosis of toes is an effective therapeutic modality as part of an integrated lymphedema treatment program to restore the shape of the toes and enable the wearing of toecaps. This technique can also be effective for ENV of origins other than primary lymphedema. Although ENV is a generally accepted term, it can have undesirable connotations. We suggest using a more inclusive name such as lymphostatic verrucosis, because long-lasting lymphatic impairment is involved in all ENV and the term verrucosis is above discussion.
Gastrointestinal Tolerance of Low, Medium and High Dose Acute Oral l-Glutamine Supplementation in Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ogden Henry B. , Child Robert B. , Fallowfield Joanne L. , Delves Simon K. , Westwood Caroline S. , Millyard Alison , Layden Joseph D.
Published: September 2020

l-Glutamine (GLN) is a conditionally essential amino acid which supports gastrointestinal (GI) and immune function prior to catabolic stress (e.g., strenuous exercise). Despite potential dose-dependent benefits, GI tolerance of acute high dose oral GLN supplementation is poorly characterised. Fourteen healthy males (25 ± 5 years; 1.79 ± 0.07 cm; 77.7 ± 9.8 kg; 14.8 ± 4.6% body fat) ingested 0.3 (LOW), 0.6 (MED) or 0.9 (HIGH) g·kg·FFM−1 GLN beverages, in a randomised, double-blind, counter-balanced, cross-over trial. Individual and accumulated GI symptoms were recorded using a visual analogue scale at regular intervals up to 24-h post ingestion. GLN beverages were characterised by tonicity measurement and microscopic observations. 24-h accumulated upper- and lower- and total-GI symptoms were all greater in the HIGH, compared to LOW and MED trials (p < 0.05). Specific GI symptoms (discomfort, nausea, belching, upper GI pain) were all more pronounced on the HIGH versus LOW GLN trial (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, most symptoms were still rated as mild. In comparison, the remaining GI symptoms were either comparable (flatulence, urge to regurgitate, bloating, lower GI pain) or absent (heart burn, vomiting, urge to defecate, abnormal stools, stitch, dizziness) between trials (p > 0.05). All beverages were isotonic and contained a dose-dependent number of GLN crystals. Acute oral GLN ingestion in dosages up to 0.9 g·kg·FFM−1 are generally well-tolerated. However, the severity of mild GI symptoms appeared dose-dependent during the first two hours post prandial and may be due to high-concentrations of GLN crystals.
Evaluation of a Novel Nanodroplet Cutting Fluid for Diamond Turning of Optical Polymers
Authors: Li Lihua , Wong Hau Chung , Lee Rong Bin
Published: September 2020

In this study, a novel nanodroplet cutting fluid (NDCF), consisting of emulsified water and oil nanodroplets, was developed to improve the surface quality of the single-point diamond-turned optical polymers. This developed NDCF was able to penetrate the chip–tool interface, contributing to both cooling and lubricating effects. The performance of NDCF was evaluated from perspectives of the surface irregularity, roughness, and cutting force of the machined groove in a series of taper cutting experiments. Meanwhile, a high-quality optical surface was obtained and the micro-level form error was reduced in the diamond turning of a Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microlens array.
PENGEMBANGAN FASILITAS INTERPRETASI BERBASIS QR CODE MENGGUNAKAN SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC): STUDI KASUS DI MUSEUM NEGERI SRI BADUGA, BANDUNG
Authors: Lipa Ludgardis , Hidayah Nurdin , Sundayana Dendy
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem informasi yang khusus memfasilitasi interpretasi koleksi museum agar dapat mengoptimalkan penyampaian informasi koleksi yang pada akhirnya dapat memberikan pengalaman lebih kepada pengunjung. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik analisis System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi dokumentasi, wawancara, dan observasi pada masing-masing aspek pengembagan SDLC. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sistem informasi berupa fasilitas interpretasi berbasis QR Code yang terhubung dengan konten informasi dalam flatform website yang berisi informasi mengenai tema-tema koleksi seperti deskripsi, lokasi temuan dan klasifikasi koleksi yang akan menambah augmented experience bagi para pengunjung Museum Negeri Sri Baduga.