bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide regulation of KSHV RNA splicing by viral RNA-binding protein ORF57
Authors: Majerciak Vladimir , Lobanov Alexei , Cam Maggie , Zheng Zhi-Ming
Published: January 2022

RNA splicing plays an essential role in the expression of eukaryotic genes. We previously showed that KSHV ORF57 is a viral splicing factor promoting viral lytic gene expression. In this report, we compared the splicing profile of viral RNAs in BCBL-1 cells carrying a wild-type (WT) versus the cells containing an ORF57 knock-out (57KO) KSHV genome during viral lytic infection. Our analyses of viral RNA splicing junctions from RNA-seq identified hundreds of novel viral RNA splicing events, including the splicing events spanning large parts of the viral genome and production of vIRF4 circRNAs. We found that the 57KO alters the viral RNA splicing efficiency of affected RNA splicing events. Two most susceptible RNAs to ORF57 splicing regulation are the K15 RNA with multiple exons and introns and the bicistronic RNA encoding both viral thymidylate synthase (ORF70) and membrane-associated E3-ubiquitin ligase (K3). ORF70-K3 RNA bears two introns, of which the first intron is positioned in the ORF70 coding region as an alternative intron and the second intron in the intergenic region as a constitutive intron. In WT cells expressing ORF57, most ORF70-K3 transcripts retain the first intron to maintain an intact ORF70 coding region. In contrast, in the 57KO cells, the first intron is substantially spliced out without affecting the splicing efficiency of the second intron. Using a minigene comprising of ORF70-K3 locus, we further confirmed ORF57 regulation of ORF70-K3 RNA splicing, independently of other viral factors. By monitoring protein expression, we showed that ORF57-mediated retention of the first intron leads to the expression of full-length ORF70 protein. The absence of ORF57 promotes the first intron splicing and expression of K3 protein. Altogether, we conclude that ORF57 regulates alternative splicing of ORF70-K3 bicistronic RNA to control K3-mediated immune evasion and ORF70 participation of viral DNA replication in viral lytic infection.

Author summary

Like other herpesviruses, the expression of KSHV genes is in a tightly regulated manner during viral infection. The contribution of RNA splicing in the regulation of KSHV gene expression was extensively investigated in this report. We found that approximately one-third of all viral gene transcripts are spliced, with many undergoing RNA alternative splicing. We identified a subset of viral RNA splicing events susceptible to the regulation of viral RNA-binding protein ORF57. This led to the discovery of ORF57-mediated regulation of the bicistronic ORF70-K3 RNA splicing and production of viral thymidylate synthase ORF70 and viral E3-ubiquitin ligase K3. Such regulation allows timely but mutually exclusive expression of these two viral proteins to execute their unique roles in immune evasion and viral genome replication during the KSHV lytic cycle. Thus, these data provide new insight into KSHV biology. Finally, our study represents a blueprint for RNA splicing studies of other pathogens in infected cells.
Dynamic human liver proteome atlas reveals functional insights into disease pathways
Authors: Niu Lili , Geyer Philipp E. , Gupta Rajat , Santos Alberto , Meier Florian , Doll Sophia , Albrechtsen Nicolai J. Wewer , Klein Sabine , Ortiz Cristina , Uschner Frank E. , Schierwagen Robert , Trebicka Jonel , Mann Matthias
Published: January 2022

Deeper understanding of liver pathophysiology would benefit from a comprehensive quantitative proteome resource at cell-type resolution to predict outcome and design therapy. Here, we quantify more than 150,000 sequence-unique peptides aggregated into 10,000 proteins across total liver, the major liver cell types, time-course of primary cell cultures and liver disease states. Bioinformatic analysis reveals that half of hepatocyte protein mass is comprised of enzymes and 23% of mitochondrial proteins, twice the proportion of other liver cell types. Using primary cell cultures, we capture dynamic proteome remodeling from tissue states to cell line states, providing useful information for biological or pharmaceutical research. Our extensive data serves as spectral library to characterize a human cohort of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Dramatic proteome changes in liver tissue include signatures of stellate cell activation resembling liver cirrhosis and providing functional insights. We built a web-based dashboard application for the interactively exploration of our resource.

Highlights

Cell-type resolved liver proteome with copy numbers for 10,500 proteins

Time-course of human liver primary cells uncovers functional proteome shifts

A human cohort study reveals liver proteome changes in NASH and cirrhosis

An interactive web portal integrates the results for easy exploration
Investigating associations between blood metabolites, later life brain imaging measures, and genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Green Rebecca , Lord Jodie , Scelsi Marzia A. , Xu Jin , Wong Andrew , Naomi-James Sarah , Handy Alex , Gilchrist Lachlan , Williams Dylan M. , Parker Thomas D. , Lane Christopher A. , Malone Ian B. , Cash David M. , Sudre Carole H. , Coath William , Thomas David L. , Keuss Sarah , Dobson Richard , Legido-Quigley Cristina , Fox Nick C. , Schott Jonathan M. , Richards Marcus , Proitsi Petroula ,   The Insight 46 study team
Published: January 2022

Identifying blood-based signatures of brain health and preclinical pathology may offer insights into early disease mechanisms and highlight avenues for intervention. Here, we systematically profiled associations between blood metabolites and whole-brain volume, hippocampal volume, and amyloid-β status among participants of Insight 46 – the neuroscience sub-study of the National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD). We additionally explored whether key metabolites were associated with polygenic risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Following quality control, concentrations of 1019 metabolites – detected with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry – were available for 1740 participants at age 60-64. Metabolite data were subsequently clustered into modules of co-expressed metabolites using weighted coexpression network analysis. Accompanying MRI and amyloid-PET imaging data were present for 437 participants (age 69-71). Regression analyses tested relationships between metabolite measures – modules and hub metabolites – and imaging outcomes. Hub metabolites were defined as metabolites that were highly connected within significant (pFDR<0.05) modules or previously identified as a hub for cognition in the same cohort. Regression models included adjustments for age, sex, APOE genotype, lipid medication use, childhood cognition and social factors. Finally, AD polygenic risk scores (PRS), including and excluding the APOE region, were tested for relationships with metabolites and modules that associated (pFDR<0.05) with an imaging outcome (N=1638).

In the fully adjusted model, three lipid modules were associated with a brain volume measure (pFDR<0.05): one enriched in sphingolipids (hippocampal volume: ß=0.14, 95%CI=[0.055,0.23]), one in several fatty acid pathways (whole-brain volume: ß=-0.072, 95%CI=[-0.12,-0.026]), and another in diacylglycerols and phosphatidylethanolamines (whole-brain volume: ß=-0.066, 95%CI=[-0.11,-0.020]). Twenty-two hub metabolites were associated (pFDR<0.05) with an imaging outcome (whole-brain volume: 22; hippocampal volume: 4). Some nominal associations were reported for amyloid-β, and with an AD PRS in our genetic analysis, but none survived multiple testing correction.

Our findings highlight key metabolites, with functions in membrane integrity and cell signalling, that associated with structural brain measures in later life. Future research should focus on replicating this work and interrogating causality.
Mesoscale organization in the cell envelope of Deinococcus radiodurans
Authors: Farci Domenica , Haniewicz Patrycja , Piano Dario
Published: January 2022

S-layers are highly ordered coats of proteins localized on the cell surface of many bacterial species. In these structures, one or more proteins form elementary units that self-assemble into a crystalline monolayer tiling the entire cell surface. Here, the cell envelope of the radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans was studied by high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy finding the crystalline regularity of the S-layer extended into the layers below. The cell envelope appears to be highly packed and resulting from a three-dimensional crystalline distribution of protein complexes organized in close continuity but allowing different degrees of voidness in the entire thickness. These insights grade S-layers to mesoscale hubs behaving as structural and functional architraves essential for the entire cell body.
Increasing SARS-CoV-2 mutations against vaccination-acquired immunity
Authors: Konishi Tomokazu
Published: January 2022

Monovalent vaccines using RNA or adenoviruses have successfully controlled the COVID-19 epidemic in many countries. However, viral mutations have hampered the efficacy of this approach. The Omicron variant, in particular, has caused a pandemic which has put pressure on the healthcare system worldwide. Therefore, administration of booster vaccinations has been initiated; however, there are concerns about their effectiveness, sustainability, and possible dangers. There is also the question of how a variant with such isolated mutations originated and whether this is likely to continue in the future. Here, we compare the mutations in the Omicron variant with others by direct PCA to consider questions pertaining to their evolution and characterisation. The Omicron variant, like the other variants, has mutated in its human vectors. The accumulated mutations exceeded the range of acquired immunity, causing a pandemic, and similar mutations are likely to occur in the future. We also compare Omicron with variants that have infected animals and discuss the possibility of a vaccine using a weaker variant of the virus.
Glucose stress causes mRNA retention in nuclear Nab2 condensates
Authors: Heinrich Stephanie , Hondele Maria , Marchand Désirée , Derrer Carina Patrizia , Zedan Mostafa , Oswald Alexandra , Malinovska Liliana , Uliana Federico , Khawaja Sarah , Mancini Roberta , Grunwald David , Weis Karsten
Published: January 2022

Nuclear mRNA export via nuclear pore complexes is an essential step in eukaryotic gene expression. Although factors involved in mRNA transport have been characterized, a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of this process and its regulation is lacking. Here, we use single-RNA imaging in yeast to show that cells use mRNA retention to control mRNA export during stress. We demonstrate that upon glucose withdrawal the essential RNA-binding factor Nab2 forms RNA-dependent condensate-like structures in the nucleus. This coincides with a reduced abundance of the DEAD-box ATPase Dbp5 at the nuclear pore. Depleting Dbp5, and consequently blocking mRNA export, is necessary and sufficient to trigger Nab2 condensation. The state of Nab2 condensation influences the extent of nuclear mRNA accumulation and can be recapitulatedin vitro, where Nab2 forms RNA-dependent liquid droplets. We hypothesize that cells use condensation to regulate mRNA export and to control gene expression during stress.

Highlights

The nuclear poly(A)-binding protein Nab2 forms RNA-containing condensate-like structures upon glucose starvation and upon acute cellular depletion of the DEAD-box ATPase Dbp5

The Nab2 multimerization interface but not the intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are essential for condensationin vitroandin vivo

Glucose stress leads to poly(A) RNA retention in the nucleus, which is affected by the state of the Nab2 condensate
Stress resilience is established during development and is regulated by complement factors
Authors: Swaminathan Amrutha , Gliksberg Michael , Anbalagan Savani , Wigoda Noa , Levkowitz Gil
Published: January 2022

Individuals in a population respond differently to stressful situations. While resilient individuals recover efficiently, others are susceptible to the same stressors. However, it remains challenging to identify resilience in mammalian embryos to determine if stress resilience is established as a trait during development or acquired later in life. Using a new behavioural paradigm in zebrafish larvae, we show that resilience is a trait that is determined and exhibited early in life. Resilient and susceptible individuals retained these traits throughout life and passed them on to the next generation. Resilient larvae showed higher expression of resilience-associated genes and larvae lacking neuropeptide Y and miR218 were significantly under-represented in the resilient population. Unbiased transcriptome analysis revealed that multiple factors of the innate immune complement cascade were downregulated in resilient larvae in response to stressors. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic knockouts of critical complement factors led to an increase in resilience. We conclude that resilience is established early during development as a stable trait, and that neuropeptides and the complement pathway play positive and negative roles in determining resilience respectively.

Abstract Figure

Why some individual individuals recover better than others from stressful situations is unclear. We show that resilience to stress is established during zebrafish development as a stable and heritable trait. Resilience is augmented by brain-derived neuropeptides and attenuated by innate immune complement factors specifically expressed in the liver.

Highlights

Wildtype zebrafish larvae show differences in their dynamics of recovering from stress, with some being more resilient than others.

Resilience is a stable and heritable trait.

Resilient fish show specific stress-responsive transcriptional changes.

Neuropeptide Y and miRNA218 positively affect resilience, while innate immune complement factors attenuate resilience.
β-glucan rich functional instant talbina (porridge) premix from barley flour using extrusion: investigating effect of varied moisture and barrel temperature levels using response surface approach
Authors: Jabeen Abida , Ajaz Nusrat , Jan Nusrat , Amin Tawheed , Gani Gousia , Bashir Omar , Amin Quraazah Akeemu
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Throughout the world, there has been a dramatic increase in the demand for functional food products. Owing to the health benefits of barley, its utilization was explored for the development of β-glucan rich functional instant talbina (porridge). The present research was, therefore, undertaken with an aim to optimize the extrusion conditions for development of instant talbina premix and evaluate its functional and quality characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach

The independent variables i.e. barrel temperature (105–125°C) and feed moisture (12–20%) were studied to determine their influence on the system parameter i.e. specific mechanical energy and product characteristics i.e. bulk density, breaking strength, water absorption index, expansion ratio, water solubility index, L*, a* and b* by employing a central composite rotatable design.

Findings

All the quality parameters were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by independent variables. The regression models obtained for all the responses showed higher coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.99). The optimum extrusion conditions obtained by numerical optimization for development of extrudates used for making instant talbina were moisture content (12%) and barrel temperature (105°C). Various functional, pasting, complexing index and physicochemical properties of instant talbina were improved by the addition of honey and milk. The instant talbina prepared from barley flour with the addition of milk and honey showed increase in the β-glucan content, resistant starch, antioxidant activity and decrease in glycemic index with improved overall acceptability.

Originality/value

As far as we could possibly know that very limited or not many studies have been carried out wherein the possibility of developing instant talbina (porridge) have been carried out. As a result, the current study has a lot of potential for the food industry to manufacture β-glucan rich functional instant talbina with improved antioxidant characteristics and low glycemic index.
Mining voice of customers and employees in insurance companies from online reviews: a text analytics approach
Authors: Rajendran Suchithra , Srinivas Sharan , Pagel Emily
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Although insurance companies contribute to about $600 billion of the US gross domestic product and employ 2.7 million people, the overall perception of clients and workers employed in this domain is poor. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to propose recommendations to improve the service quality of insurance companies using the voice of customers and employees that are available online.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed methodology consists of four stages: extracting text reviews posted by employees and customers, reviewing feedback using bigrams and trigrams, determining topics and identifying quality-associated managerial recommendations using the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) and root cause analysis techniques.

Findings

Our results indicate that primary causes for client dissatisfaction are improper client assistance services, inefficient claims processing, issues related to payments/fees and unresponsive ancillary services. Offering different types of payment methods, immediate car replacement policy and features such as smartphone applications are commended very well. The major reasons for workforce frustrations include long and overly complex training, lack of social events and incentive programs. Coworkers, workplace facilities, clean work environment and other amenities are shown to have a positive impact on employees' satisfaction level.

Originality/value

To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to propose recommendations to improve the service quality of insurance companies using the voice of customers and employees that are available online. The proposed quality-related insights can assist insurance companies in improving the outlook of their workers as well as customers.
Towards meaningful participation in humanitarian studies: co-researching with persons with disabilities in Central Sulawesi
Authors: Kusumowardoyo Chrysant Lily , Wulansari Husna Yuni
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This paper presents the experience of co-researching with persons with disabilities in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) humanitarian programming using participatory methods that enable empowerment.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper focuses on methods that ensure the active participation of persons with disabilities as co-researchers. These methods include building the capacity of persons with disabilities on the research topic and instruments, pre-interview role-plays, field pilot testing, post-data collection debriefing and reflective learning through writing learning diaries.

Findings

This research shows that persons with disabilities have the drive and capacity to contribute to research. Methods such as continuous engagement, capacity building and feedback mechanisms are essential for their participation and influence in the research production process. These methods can provide empowering experiences for persons with disabilities. However, they are often time-consuming and can be convoluted.

Originality/value

Research conducted with persons with disabilities in disaster and humanitarian studies is still scarce. Consequently, resources on inclusive and participatory methodology involving persons with disabilities are minimal. Therefore, this article contributes to addressing this knowledge gap.
Digital competence in secondary education teachers during the COVID-19-derived pandemic: comparative analysis
Authors: Diz-Otero Mario , Portela-Pino Iago , Domínguez-Lloria Sara , Pino-Juste Margarita
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Continuous training in professional teaching competencies has become one of the challenges of the school of the 21st century, especially if we refer to the mastery of digital competence. The aim of this study is to analyze the degree of digital competence of secondary school teachers of different areas of knowledge during the global pandemic of COVID-19 in the Galician autonomous community and obtain data that allow us to infer whether there is an association between individual variables such as age, gender, degree, work experience and their mastery of digital competence.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional descriptive quasi-experimental study is performed using an accidental sample of secondary school teachers from different fields of knowledge.

Findings

The different results obtained determine that the level of knowledge and use of digital media and tools is low. There are no significant differences depending on the variables analyzed, but it is necessary to establish specific continuing education plans for the improvement of digital competence in secondary school teachers to enable the effective use and management of information and communication technologies in future professionals.

Originality/value

Therefore, the findings of this study allow the development of educational interventions focused on increasing the digital competence of teachers, taking into account their individual characteristics.
Transformational leadership promoting employees' informal learning and job involvement: the moderating role of self-efficacy
Authors: Zia Muhammad Qamar , Decius Julian , Naveed Muhammad , Anwar Adnan
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between transformational leadership (TL), informal learning and job involvement. The study delineates two pathways from TL to job involvement. The first is an indirect link through informal learning on job involvement, while the second pathway focuses on the moderating role of self-efficacy on the relationship between TL and informal learning.

Design/methodology/approach

Survey data were gathered from 596 employees of small services firms in Pakistan. The proposed hypotheses were examined using structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results reveal that TL is indirectly related to job involvement through informal learning. The study also shows that self-efficacy strengthens the relationship between TL and informal learning.

Originality/value

Previous studies have overlooked the potential influence of TL on job involvement through the mechanism of informal learning. The current study addresses this gap by examining informal learning as a mediator between TL and job involvement. Furthermore, the study provides several theoretical and managerial implications for research and practice.
Re‐examining the impact of sectoral‐ and industrial‐level FDI on growth: Does institutional quality, education levels and trade openness matter?
Authors: Haini Hazwan , Tan Pauline
Published: January 2022

This study examines whether institutional quality, education levels and trade openness affect the relationship between sectoral‐ and industrial‐level foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and economic growth. Previous studies highlight the heterogeneous effects of FDI at the sectoral‐ and industrial‐level suggesting the need to examine the growth effects of FDI at a disaggregated level. However, previous studies have not empirically explored the role of absorptive capacities at the industrial‐ and sectoral‐level. Consequently, using a sample of 36 Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development countries from 2000 to 2019, we examine the relationship using the system generalised method of moments estimator to control for endogeneity. Our results show that the magnitudinal effects of overall FDI is dampened as sectoral‐ and industrial‐effects are not considered. We find that both manufacturing and services FDI contributes to growth. However, the effect of manufacturing FDI is greater. Meanwhile, we find education levels to be an effective moderator for services FDI, while trade openness enhances the growth effects of manufacturing FDI more effectively. Institutional quality is shown to have a positive complementary effect across both sectors and certain industries. Policy implications are discussed.
“Skills for pills”: The dialectical‐behavioural therapy skills training reduces polypharmacy in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Soler Joaquim , Casellas‐Pujol Elisabet , Fernández‐Felipe Isabel , Martín‐Blanco Ana , Almenta David , Pascual Juan C.
Published: January 2022

Objective

Polypharmacy and overprescription of off‐label medications are common in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The aim of the present naturalistic study was to explore whether the skills training module of dialectical‐behavioural therapy (DBT) can reduce polypharmacy in these patients in routine clinical practice.

Methods

Retrospective, observational study of 377 patients with a primary diagnosis of BPD consecutively admitted to the BPD outpatient unit from 2010 through 2020. All patients were invited to participate in the DBT skills training module (DBT‐ST). DBT‐ST participants (n = 182) were compared with a control group who did not participate in DBT‐ST (n = 195). Pre‐post intervention changes in medication load and use of antidepressants, benzodiazepines, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics were evaluated.

Results

At baseline, most patients (84.4%) were taking at least one medication and 46.9% were on polypharmacy. Compared to controls, patients in the DBT‐ST group presented a significant reduction in the number of medications (2.67–1.95 vs. 2.16–2.19; p < 0.001), medication load (4.25–3.05 vs. 3.45–3.48; p < 0.001), use of benzodiazepines (54.4%–27.5% vs. 40%–40.5%; p < 0.001), mood stabilizers (43.4%–33% vs. 36.4%–39.5%; p < 0.001), and antipsychotics (36.3%–29.1% vs. 34.4%–36.9%; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that patients with BPD can benefit from the DBT‐ST module, which may reduce the medication load, particularly of sedatives. The results suggest that DBT‐ST may be useful to treat overmedication in patients with BPD and could help to promote “deprescription” in clinical practice.
Loss of mitochondrial diversity in invasive populations of Asian honey bees, Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae), in the Austral‐Pacific
Authors: Sun Zijia , Chapman Nadine C , Raffiudin Rika , Putra Ramadhani Eka , Roberts John , Widjaya Chandra , Buchmann Gabriele , Holmes Michael , Gloag Rosalyn
Published: January 2022

Introduced species are a significant global concern because they can disrupt native ecosystems and cause economic damage to agricultural systems and infrastructure. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity of invasive populations can help to identify the source and number of incursions and reveal whether these populations have maintained standing genetic variation that might allow mitochondrial genomes to adapt to new environments. We investigated mitochondrial diversity in native and invasive populations of the Asian honey bee (Apis cerana). We generated 144 sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) from samples spanning three invasive populations (Australia, New Guinea and Solomon Islands) and three native‐range Indonesian populations (Java, Sulawesi and Flores). We then analysed these sequences together with published COI sequences to evaluate changes in mtDNA diversity associated with the recent spread of A. cerana across the Austral‐Pacific region. Mitochondrial COI diversity was consistent with invasive A. cerana populations having endured severe founder event bottlenecks during colonisation of New Guinea from Java, and then again during colonisation of Australia and the Solomon Islands from New Guinea. Mitochondrial diversity of native‐range Indonesian populations was high (26 COI haplotypes detected), particularly on Java (20 haplotypes), while all samples from invasive populations carried the same COI haplotype. Indeed, the single COI haplotype of invasive A. cerana populations is consistent with invasive populations being founded by just one, or very few, queens, as previously suggested from nuclear markers. Further investigation is needed to understand the fitness effects, if any, of mitochondrial diversity loss in invasive A. cerana populations of the Austral‐Pacific.
Accurate prediction of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status in early‐stage lung adenocarcinoma, using radiomics and clinical features
Authors: Zhu Huiyuan , Song Yueqiang , Huang Zike , Zhang Lian , Chen Yanqing , Tao Guangyu , She Yunlang , Sun Xiwen , Yu Hong
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To develop a nomogram based on CT radiomics and clinical features to predict the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in early‐stage lung adenocarcinomas.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of postoperative patients with pathologically confirmed lung adenocarcinoma, which had been tested for EGFR mutations was performed from January 2015 to December 2015. Patients were randomly assigned to training and validation cohorts. A total of 1,078 radiomics features were extracted. least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was applied to select clinical and radiomics features, and to establish predictive models. The radiomics score (rad‐score) of each patient was calculated. The discrimination of the model was evaluated with area under the curve.

Results

1092 patients (444 men and 648 women; mean age: 59.59±9.6) were enrolled. The radiomics signature consisted of 28 radiomics features and emphysema. The mean validation cohort result of the rad‐score for patients with EGFR mutations (0.814±0.988) was significantly higher than those with EGFR wild‐type (0.315±1.237; p = 0.001). When combined with clinical features, LASSO regression analysis revealed four radiomics features, emphysema, and three clinical features including sex, age, and histologic subtype as associated with to EGFR mutation status. The nomogram that combined radiomics and clinical features significantly improved the predictive discrimination (AUC: 0.723), which is better than that of the radiomics signature alone (AUC: 0.646).

Conclusion

A relationship between selected radiomics features and EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinomas is demonstrated. A nomogram, combining radiomics features and clinical features for EGFR prediction in early‐stage lung adenocarcinomas, has shown a moderate discriminatory efficiency and high sensitivity, providing additional information for clinicians.
Roles of Myc‐associated zinc finger protein in malignant tumors
Authors: Zheng Chuanjun , Wu Hongmei , Jin Song , Li Di , Tan Shengkui , Zhu Xiaonian
Published: January 2022

As an important transcription factor that is widely expressed in most tissues of the human body, Myc‐associated zinc finger protein (MAZ) has been reported highly expressed in many malignant tumors and thought to be a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this review, we aim to offer a comprehensive understanding of MAZ regulation in malignant tumors. The carboxy terminal of MAZ protein contains six C2H2 zinc fingers, and its regulation of transcription is based on the interaction between the GC‐rich DNA binding sites of target genes and its carboxy‐terminal zinc finger motifs. MAZ protein has been found to activate or inhibit the transcriptional initiation process of many target genes, as well as play an important role in the transcriptional termination process of some target genes, so MAZ poses dual regulatory functions in the initiation and termination process of gene transcription. Through the transcriptional regulation of c‐myc and Ras gene family, MAZ poses an important role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, and other malignant tumors. Our review shows a vital role of MAZ in many malignant tumors and provides novel insight for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Pharyngolaryngectomy with thoracoscopic esophagectomy via the left thoracic approach for cervical esophageal cancer with right aortic arch: Case report
Authors: Nagano Shotaro , Kitadani Junya , Ojima Toshiyasu , Hayata Keiji , Katsuda Masahiro , Goda Taro , Takeuchi Akihiro , Tamagawa Shunji , Hijiya Masayoshi , Tachibana Satsuki , Hotomi Muneki , Asamura Shinichi , Yamaue Hiroki
Published: January 2022

We performed pharyngolaryngectomy with thoracoscopic esophagectomy via the left thoracic approach and reconstruction of the elongated gastric conduit with microvascular anastomosis for an 83‐year‐old male patient with esophageal cancer and right aortic arch. For such cases, a surgical approach via the left thoracic cavity is rational, and cases of pharyngolaryngectomy with thoracoscopic esophagectomy require a long reconstruction organ. Also, in cases of right aortic arch, a longer reconstruction route is made to avoid Kommerell's diverticulum. The patient had laryngeal cancer and was diagnosed with cervical esophageal cancer and preoperative computed tomography revealed right aortic arch. There were no complications after surgery, and food intake was good. Pharyngolaryngectomy with thoracoscopic esophagectomy via the left thoracic approach and reconstruction of the elongated gastric conduit with microvascular anastomosis is suggested to be a safe and feasible technique for cases of cervical esophageal cancer with right aortic arch.
Self‐employment in Rural China: Its Development, Chara cteristics, and Relation to Income
Authors: Gustafsson Björn , Zhang Yudan
Published: January 2022

Changes in the employment structure in rural China were studied with a focus on off‐farm self‐employment. Data from the Chinese Household Income Project surveys were used, covering the same 14 provinces from 1988 to 2018. We found that the proportion of adults in rural China with self‐employment as their primary form of off‐farm employment increased from only 2 percent in 1988 to 11 percent in 2013, with no further increases through 2018. In 1988 and 1995, the rate of self‐employment was highest in the eastern region but this regional pattern subsequently disappeared. The probability of being self‐employed in rural China was higher among married males than among unmarried persons. Having a migration experience increased the likelihood of being self‐employed. Since 1995, self‐employed households have had a higher average income than other categories of household. Based on estimates of income functions, we conclude that the income premium from being self‐employed increased rapidly from 1988 to 1995 to become remarkably large when only a few adults were self‐employed. However, as a larger fraction of the rural population entered self‐employment, the payoff from being self‐employed has rapidly diminished, although it was still substantial in 2018.
A genome‐wide analysis suggests pleiotropic effects of Green Revolution genes on shade avoidance in wheat
Authors: Colombo Michel , Montazeaud Germain , Viader Véronique , Ecarnot Martin , Prosperi Jean‐Marie , David Jacques , Fort Florian , Violle Cyrille , Fréville Hélène
Published: January 2022

A classic example of phenotypic plasticity in plants is the suit of phenotypic responses induced by a change in the ratio of red to far‐red light (R∶FR) as a result of shading, also known as the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). While the adaptive consequences of this syndrome have been extensively discussed in natural ecosystems, how SAS varies within crop populations and how SAS evolved during crop domestication and breeding remain poorly known. In this study, we grew a panel of 180 durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) genotypes spanning diversity from wild, early domesticated, and elite genetic compartments under two light treatments: low R:FR light (shaded treatment) and high R:FR light (unshaded treatment). We first quantified the genetic variability of SAS, here measured as a change in plant height at the seedling stage. We then dissected the genetic basis of this variation through genome‐wide association mapping. Genotypes grown in shaded conditions were taller than those grown under unshaded conditions. Interaction between light quality and genotype did not affect plant height. We found six QTLs affecting plant height. Three significantly interacted with light quality among which the well‐known Rht1 gene introgressed in elite germplasm during the Green Revolution. Interestingly at three loci, short genotypes systematically expressed reduced SAS, suggesting a positive genetic correlation between plant height and plant height plasticity. Overall, our study sheds light on the evolutionary history of crops and illustrates the relevance of genetic approaches to tackle agricultural challenges.
Actions to halt biodiversity loss generally benefit the climate
Authors: Shin Yunne‐Jai , Midgley Guy F. , Archer Emma R. M. , Arneth Almut , Barnes David K. A. , Chan Lena , Hashimoto Shizuka , Hoegh‐Guldberg Ove , Insarov Gregory , Leadley Paul , Levin Lisa A. , Ngo Hien T. , Pandit Ram , Pires Aliny P. F. , Pörtner Hans‐Otto , Rogers Alex D. , Scholes Robert J. , Settele Josef , Smith Pete
Published: January 2022

The two most urgent and interlinked environmental challenges humanity faces are climate change and biodiversity loss. We are entering a pivotal decade for both the international biodiversity and climate change agendas with the sharpening of ambitious strategies and targets by the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Within their respective Conventions, the biodiversity and climate interlinked challenges have largely been addressed separately. There is evidence that conservation actions that halt, slow or reverse biodiversity loss can simultaneously slow anthropogenic mediated climate change significantly. This review highlights conservation actions which have the largest potential for mitigation of climate change. We note that conservation actions have mainly synergistic benefits and few antagonistic trade‐offs with climate change mitigation. Specifically, we identify direct co‐benefits in 14 out of the 21 action targets of the draft post‐2020 global biodiversity framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity, notwithstanding the many indirect links that can also support both biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation. These relationships are context and scale‐dependent; therefore, we showcase examples of local biodiversity conservation actions that can be incentivized, guided and prioritized by global objectives and targets. The close interlinkages between biodiversity, climate change mitigation, other nature's contributions to people and good quality of life are seldom as integrated as they should be in management and policy. This review aims to re‐emphasize the vital relationships between biodiversity conservation actions and climate change mitigation in a timely manner, in support to major Conferences of Parties that are about to negotiate strategic frameworks and international goals for the decades to come.
Present status and future directions – Minimal endodontic access cavities
Authors: Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal , De‐Deus Gustavo , Souza Erick Miranda , Belladonna Felipe Gonçalves , Cavalcante Daniele Moreira , Simões‐Carvalho Marco , Versiani Marco Aurélio
Published: January 2022

In the last decades, the move of medicine towards minimally invasive treatments is notorious and scientifically grounded. As dentistry naturally follows in its footsteps, minimal access preparation have also becume a trend topic in the endodontic field. This procedure aims to maximize preservation of dentine tissue backed up by the idea that this is an effective way to reduce the incidence of post‐treatment tooth fracture. However, with the assessment of the body of evidence on this topic, it is possible to observe some key points (a) the demand for nomenclature standardization, (b) the requirement of specific tools such as ultra‐flexible instruments, visual magnification, superior illumination, and three‐dimensional imaging technology, (c) minimally invasive treatment does not seem to affect orifice location and mechanical preparation when using adequate armamentarium, but it (d) may impair adequate canal cleaning, disinfection and filling procedures, and also (e) it displays contradictory results regarding the ability to increase the tooth strengthen compared to the traditional access cavity. In spite of that, it is undeniable that methodological flaws of some benchtop studies using extracted teeth may be responsible for the conflicting data, thus triggering the need for more sophisticated devices/facilities and specifically designed research in an attempt to make clear the role of the access size/design on long‐term teeth survival. Moreover, it is inevitable that a clinical approach such as minimal endodontic access cavities that demands complex tools and skilled and experienced operators bring to the fore doubts on its educational impact mainly when confronted with the conflicting scientific output, ultimately provoking a cost‐benefit analysis of its implementation as a routine technique. In addition, this review discusses the ongoing scientific and clinical status of minimally invasive access cavities aiming to input an in‐depth and unbiased view over the rationale behind them, uncovering not only the related conceptual and scientific flaws but also outlining future directions for research and clinical practices. The conclusions attempt to skip from passionate disputes highlighting the current body of evidence as weak and incomplete to guide decision making, demanding the development of a close‐to‐in situ laboratory model or a large and well‐controlled clinical trial to solve this matter.
Pointing fingers and holding hands: Effects of collaborative and confrontational NPO approaches on households' consumption and donation decisions
Authors: Arnold Nicholas
Published: January 2022

Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) seek to influence corporate responsibility practices by pursuing either collaborative or confrontational approaches toward companies. In doing so, they frequently attempt to influence households' perceptions of companies and, by extension, their consumption decisions. To what extent NPOs adopting varying approaches toward companies are successful in affecting households' perceptions and decisions, however, remains underexamined. Furthermore, how NPOs' choice of approach impacts households' perception of and donation behavior toward NPOs remains a largely open question. In this contribution, we investigate these issues by means of an experimental approach. The results of our study indicate that both confrontational and collaborative approaches by NPOs exert a significant effect on households' perceptions of companies and their consumption intentions. Somewhat paradoxically, while confrontational approaches exert stronger effects on households' perceptions of companies and their consumption behavior, collaborative approaches are viewed as more legitimate by households, thus garnering more support in the form of donations.
The impact of two distinct endotracheal tube fixation on the formation of pressure ulcer in the intensive care unit: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Genc Alev , Yildiz Tulin
Published: January 2022

The most common pressure ulcer associated with medical devices in the ICU is pressure injury associated with the endotracheal tube. We aimed to scrutinise the effects of two different techniques of endotracheal tube securement used in the ICU on the occurrence of pressure ulcers. This randomised clinical trial was conducted in 60 patients, 30 of which were intervention and 30 experimental, admittedin the ICU of a training and research hospitaldata were collected using the descriptive and clinical characteristics from the Braden Scale for predicting Pressure Sore Risk, the Pressure Ulcer Scale for healing, The International Staging System for Pressure Injuries and the Eilers Oral Assessment Guide. Based on the Braden Scale scores of the patients, we found that 98.3% of the cases were in the high‐risk group before and after the intervention. We also found that the recovery was higher among patients in whom the bandage fixation method was applied compared to those in whom the fixation was done with an endotracheal tube holder.
High electrical transport performance of C12A7: e– ceramics electrides on Cu‐doping
Authors: Liu Fei , Zhang Xin , Yin Zhanqing , Luo Zhuang , Xiao Yixin , Liu Yanqin , Lu Qingmei
Published: January 2022

(Ca1‐xCux) 12A7: e– bulks (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) with electrical performance were fabricated by the in‐situ aluminothermic synthesis. The results showed that all the electron concentrations of (Ca1‐xCux) 12A7: e– reached the theoretical value of about 2.28 × 1021 cm–3. In (Ca0.96Cu0.04) 12A7: e–, the electron mobility at room temperature increased from 3.81 to 5.19 cm2 V–1 S–1 and the conductivity increased from 415 to 1405 S cm–1. It indicated that Cu‐doping effectively improved electrical properties. The photoexcitation property also changed positively. The energy required for electrons to transition from cage conduction band to frame conduction band showed a decreasing trend, from 2.23 to 1.48 eV. The first‐principle calculation showed an upward shift in the Fermi energy level position of C12A7: e–. In addition, Cu atoms provided more density of states near the Fermi energy level. The number of empty orbitals near the Fermi surface of (Ca1‐xCux) 12A7: e– that can receive excited electrons increased. It provided a theoretical basis for preparing (Ca1‐xCux) 12A7: e– with high electrical transport characteristics.
The effect of placebo in split‐scalp and whole‐head platelet‐rich plasma trials for androgenetic alopecia differs: Findings from a systematic review with quantitative evidence syntheses
Authors: Gupta Aditya Kumar , Bamimore Mary A.
Published: January 2022

Background

Some studies have shown that platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) improves androgenetic alopecia (AGA), while others do not. We determined whether the placebo effect significantly varies between split‐scalp and whole‐head trials on PRP monotherapy for AGA. Our rationale was based on the plausibility of PRP diffusing to the control (i.e., “placebo”) side of split‐scalp trials. This is not possible in whole‐head studies.

Methods

We systematically searched the literature for available data. Our choice of analyses and outcomes were determined by the available data.

Results

Our endpoint was change in total hair density 6 months after baseline. Our regression showed that total hair density after 6 months was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the placebo arm of split‐scalp trials, compared to whole‐head studies, by 37 hairs/cm2. Our one‐arm meta‐analyses showed that the pooled change in total hair density between the PRP side and placebo side in split‐scalp studies was −3 hairs/cm2 (p = 0.37), that is, a slight decrease in hair density in the placebo side of the scalp. For whole‐head studies, the corresponding difference in total hair density between patients receiving PRP and those on placebo was −30 hairs/cm2 (p = 0.000017), that is, a much larger decrease in hair density. Patients in the placebo group in whole‐head trials lost significantly more hair than in the placebo side of the split‐head trials where hair loss was comparatively reduced – presumably because of PRP diffusing from the treatment side of the scalp.

Conclusions

The association between design (i.e., split‐scalp vs. whole‐head) and outcome, in placebo arms of AGA trials on PRP monotherapy, had never been reported. This “design effect” could partly reconcile the incongruent conclusions across the PRP literature for AGA; furthermore, clinical guidelines can consider “design effect” when selecting evidence to base care practices on.