bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning for Link Prediction between Nodes in Complex Networks
Authors:   College of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Karbala, Karbala, Iraq, Raaid Raaid ,   Babylon Education Directorate, Ministry of Education, Babil, Iraq,   Al-Ayen Iraqi University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; College of Information Technology, University of Babylon, Babil, Iraq, Hussein Nisreen Abbas , Alubady Raaid
Published: December 2024

Recently, the complex network has become popular use as it can transfer huge amounts of multimedia, text, ideas, and other information, encouraging many participant connections. Social media is one of these networks that make the most connections. Predicting the formation or dissolution of links between nodes presents a problem for social network analysis researchers. Since social networks are dynamic, this task is exciting as it may also forecast lost network links with less information. On the other way, current link prediction methods use simply node similarity to find links. This study proposes a new technique that relies on node attributes and similarity measures. Nodes are labeled by their centrality and similarity. The network's edges are negative and positive samples. A well-defined dataset for link prediction comprises the features of the nodes at the edges labeled either positive or negative. The dataset is passed to multiple machine learning classifiers. On several real-world networks. The experiments conducted during the research show that Gradient Boosting gave the highest accuracy of 99% compared with other methods.
Increasing Incidence of Apple Valsa Canker and Predominance of Cytospora mali in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea
Authors: Lee Ju-Heon , Kim Young-Soo , Park Jong-Taek , Ten Leonid N. , Lee Dong-Hyuk , Jung Hee-Young
Published: December 2024

From 2015 to 2023, a survey was conducted to determine the occurrence of apple Valsa canker disease in major apple-producing regions in Korea. Infected branches were collected for the isolation and identification of the pathogens. During the survey period, a total of 38 fungal strains were isolated from trees infected with apple Valsa canker disease. A phylogenetic analysis using a combined dataset of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and large subunit (LSU), actin (act1), RNA polymerase II (rpb2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α) gene sequences was performed, identifying all of the isolates as Cytospora mali. According to the survey, the average annual incidence rate of apple Valsa canker disease was 2.8%. The infection rate was 2.2% in 2015, and it showed a decreasing trend until 2017. However, in 2018, the incidence rate began to gradually increase, reaching 4.2% in 2022 and sharply rising to 6.8% in 2023. The increasing incidence of apple Valsa canker disease is causing significant economic damage to apple producers, highlighting the need for effective control measures. Although a total of 21 pathogen species causing apple Valsa canker disease have been reported in East Asia, this study confirmed that C. mali is the dominant species causing the disease in Korea.
Evaluation of Onion Germplasm for Resistance to Leaf Blight Caused by Stemphylium vesicarium
Authors: Lee Jin Ju , Han JiWon , Kim Hun , Kim Jin-Cheol , Choi Gyung Ja
Published: December 2024

Leaf blight of onion caused by Stemphylium vesicarium is the most destructive fungal disease worldwide, which leads to decrease quality and seed production of onion. This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance degree of 110 onion germplasm against S. vesicarium. To investigate resistance to leaf blight, the genetic resources of onion were tested by following method. Onion seedlings at four-leaf stage were rubbed with nonabsorbent cotton and inoculated with spore suspension (1.0×105 spores/ml of potato dextrose broth) of S. vesicarium by spray method. Five to 7 days after inoculation, infected leaf area (%) of onion seedling was measured. Our results showed that IT274921, IT304144, IT274929, and IT274930 lines exhibited the highest resistance against S. vesicarium. And IT330615 and IT288913 lines was identified as moderately resistant to leaf blight, whereas IT299972, IT327434, IT337262, and IT337275 lines were the most susceptible cultivars to the fungus. On the basis of the results, we suggest that the resistant genetic resources can be used a basic material for resistant onion breeding system against leaf blight.
Sensitivity Evaluation of Botryosphaeria spp. Distributed in Apple Orchards to Benomyl and Tebuconazole Fungicides in Korea
Authors: Lim Gwang-Jae , Choi Jun-Woo , Lim Seong-Geun , Nam Young Ju , Lee Ha-Kyoung , Kim Heung Tae , Lee Seung-Yeol , Jung Hee-Young
Published: December 2024

The sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. to benomyl WP (active ingredient [a.i.], 50%) and tebuconazole WP (a.i., 25%) fungicides was investigated by comparing 238 Botryosphaeria strains isolated from 2005 to 2023 using the agar dilution method. The EC50 values of each isolate ranged from 0.07 to 3.04 μg/ml (average, 0.62±0.47) for benomyl and ranged from 0.05 to 1.94 μg/ml (average, 0.58±0.32) for tebuconazole. The mean and distribution of EC50 values were compared to determine the differences in sensitivity between groups by year, region and species. The mean EC50 values and distribution graphs were similar among all isolate groups, indicating no significant differences in sensitivity to both fungicides. As a result of analyzing the β-tubulin genes of 30 sensitive and less sensitive strains selected based on the EC50 values to benomyl, no mutations were found at codons 167, 198, and 200. In addition, the diameter of lesions was measured 7 days after inoculation of 6 strains of Botryosphaeria into apple fruits treated with benomyl or tebuconazole at the recommended concentration, and there was no significant difference between the sensitive and less sensitive strains. Based on the results, the 238 Botryosphaeria isolates are sensitive to benomyl and tebuconazole fungicides. These results may provide the guidelines for monitoring the fungicide resistance in Botryosphaeria populations in Korea.
Distribution of Rosaceae Plants in Burial Sites of Infected Host Plants and Determination of Black Shoot Blight Susceptibility by Artificial Inoculation
Authors: Lee Mi-Hyun , Jung Jongduk , Kim Kyongnim , Choi Hyo-Won , Lee Yong Hwan
Published: December 2024

Erwinia pyrifoliae is a necrotrophic pathogen that causes black shoot blight in Asian (Nashi) pears. Black shoot blight was first observed in pear trees in Korea in 1995. E. pyrifoliae has only been detected in apple, and pear trees in Korea and strawberries in the Netherlands. E. amylovora, a pathogen related to E. pyrifoliae, is known to cause diseases of Rosaceae plants, but the susceptibility to black shoot blight have not been examined. Planted or naturally growing Rosaceae plants were investigated in 31 sites where black shoot blight occurred in the past from the central region of Korea. As a result, 47 kinds of plants included in 20 genera were observed. Among them, there are 38 woody plants and nine herbaceous plants. The susceptibility to black shoot blight was examined with 14 species in seven genera of the Rosaceae plants by artificial inoculation. After 5 days, the symptoms were observed at the inoculated site and were re-isolated bacteria from lesions of inoculated plants and confirmed by observing morphological characteristics on King’s Medium B’s medium. The bacterial isolates were further identified using real-time polymerase chain reaction using a HelixDtect EAEP detection kit. A total of 12 species of Rosaceae plants showed disease symptoms of black shoot blight, and fire blight has been shown to cause disease symptoms in a total of 11 species of Rosaceae plants. In this study, host plants of Rosaceae plants for black shoot blight were investigated, and these results can be used to monitor the occurrence of black shoot blight.
Identification of Snowdrop Virus Y Occurred on Narcissus spp. in Korea
Authors: Kim Minseok , Kim Minhui , Bak Sangmin , Kim Hak ju , Lee Hong-Kyu , Min Jean Geung , Lim Taegun , Baek Seungbin , Yang Minjoo , Min Dong-Joo , Hong Jin-Sung , Byun Hee-Seong , Nam Kyunghwa , Lee Su-Heon
Published: December 2024

Metatranscriptome analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction diagnostics were conducted to investigate viral disease in 75 Narcissus samples, resulting in the detection of snowdrop virus Y (SVY). The complete genome sequence of the SVY isolate SA66 was 10,560 nt in length, and sequence analysis revealed a typical genome structure for Potyvirus. Electron microscopy revealed filamentous rod particles approximately 800 nm long in the infected samples. In the bioassay involving 19 test plants, no SVY infection was confirmed. The coat protein sequences of 10 SVY isolates from various samples were determined, showing nucleotide identities of 99.3-99.8% and amino acid identities of 98.9-99.6% when compared with three previously reported isolates. The complete genome sequence shared 99.6% nucleotide identity and 99.7% amino acid identity with the reported isolate. SVY was detected in 10 of the collected samples, specifically showing partial detection in all four cultivars from the Sinan region, while it was not detected in the other three regions. This study is the first report of SVY in Korea and is expected to contribute to the quarantine of Narcissus bulbs and to the production of virus-free bulbs.
Ultrastructural Characteristics and Viral Replication Sites in Chloroplasts of Kimchi Cabbage Cells infected with Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus
Authors: Kim Mikyeong , Choi Hong Soo , Lee Jun Sung , Song Myung-Kyu , Kim Jeong Soo , Kwak Hae-Ryun
Published: December 2024

A significant number of vesicles developed at the inner edge of chloroplasts of kimchi cabbage cells infected with turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV). The vesicle found in the chloroplasts are typical ultrastructures resulting from infection of TYMV. The size and shape of the vesicles varied, but most were spherical. These vesiclesserved as sites for the multiplication of virus particles, functioning as viroplasm. Additionally, a new sausage-shaped ultrastructure was observed in the chloroplasts of TYMV-infected cells. Both the sausageshaped structures and the vesicles were composed of double membranes. TYMV utilized the space between chloroplasts as a virtual viroplasm to develop new intact virus particles. To secure the virtual viroplasm between chloroplasts, TYMV may have caused the chloroplasts to cluster together. Virus replication also occurred in viroplasms with round or half-moon shapes in the cytoplasm. Newly protruding vesicles were observed on the chloroplasts of cells infected with TYMV. No ultrastructural changes related to virus replication were observed in the mitochondria, dictyosomes or nuclei. TYMV virus particles were densely packed in the xylem vessels.
Survey and Genetic Identification of Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus, Watermelon Mosaic Virus, and Melon Necrotic Spot Virus Infecting Watermelon and Muskmelon in South Korea
Authors: Jeong A-Ram , Lee Hyunji , Kwon Oh-Kyu , Lee Gung Pyo , Shin Ryoung , Park Chang-Jin
Published: December 2024

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and muskmelon (Cucumis melo), both members of the Cucurbitaceae, are economically important fruit crops in Korea. Various viruses cause major diseases, significantly reducing their production. In this study, we investigated the incidence of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), and melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) by collecting symptomatic watermelon and muskmelon leaves from nine cities (65 fields) across Korea between 2019 and 2023. At least one of the viruses was detected in 125 samples, with ZYMV, WMV, and MNSV identified in 74, 27, and 52 samples, respectively. Most ZYMV and WMV isolates were classified as subgroup III of ZYMV group A and subgroup I of WMV group A, respectively. MNSV isolates were clustered into two distinct groups: the muskmelon group and the watermelon group. This report will help farmers develop effective viral disease management strategies for watermelon and muskmelon crops in Korea.
Kinerja Industri dan Dinamika Kebijakan Komoditas Gula Kristal Putih Nasional
Authors: Sinuraya Julia F. , Suryana Esty Asriyana , Shaffitri Lidya Rahma , Suharyono Sri Rahma , Hermawan Hari Rahma
Published: December 2024

Peranan penting gula dalam perekonomian Indonesia dan merupakan salah satu barang pangan pokok diatur dalam Perpres Nomor 71 Tahun 2015 jo.59 Tahun 2020. Kebutuhan konsumsi gula semakin meningkat, sementara produksi gula dalam negeri belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan gula nasional menyebabkan impor gula tidak dapat dihindari. Permasalahan yang perlu diperhatikan dalam pengembangan gula nasional di tingkat on-farm, off-farm, maupun kelembagaan pendukung. Kajian bertujuan untuk: (1) mengidentifikasi kinerja industri gula nasional, (2) mengidentifikasi kebijakan dan pada komoditas gula nasional. Data dan informasi dianalisis menggunakan pendekatakan deskriptif. Data menunjukkan bahwa selama periode 2010-2022, luas lahan dan produksi tebu di perkebunan rakyat dan perkebunan besar swasta mengalami penurunan, sementara luas lahan perkebunan besar negara meningkat. Produksi gula di Indonesia selama kurun waktu tersebut menunjukkan tren fluktuatif namun dengan pertumbuhan rata-rata yang positif. Rendemen gula pada perusahaan swasta umumnya lebih tinggi daripada perusahaan BUMN, baik yang berlokasi di Pulau Jawa maupun di luar Pulau Jawa. Impor gula mentah mengalami peningkatan dari tahun 2012 hingga 2022, sedangkan nilai ekspor gula mentah pada tahun 2022 juga meningkat dibandingkan dengan tahun sebelumnya. Harga gula internasional, yang tercermin dari harga gula putih, terus meningkat dari tahun 2018 hingga 2022, sejalan dengan kenaikan harga gula di pasar domestik dalam periode yang sama. Kebijakan untuk mendukung pengembangan industri gula nasional tetap diperlukan, termasuk penyediaan lahan untuk pertanian tebu, pengendalian harga tebu dan gula, investasi dalam industri gula dan ketersediaan bahan baku, serta kebijakan perdagangan gula.
Enhancing Novice EFL Teachers' Competency in AI-Powered Tools Through a TPACK-Based Professional Development Program
Authors: Zulianti Hajjah , Hastuti Hastuti , Nurchurifiani Eva , Hastomo Tommy , Maximilian Aksendro , Ajeng Galuh Dwi
Published: December 2024

As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to advance rapidly, its application in educational settings is increasingly expanding. However, a substantial gap persists in the number of novice English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers who are well-prepared to integrate technology in learning activities. This research created a professional development (PD) program grounded in the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework to tackle this issue and enhance the AI-related teaching skills of novice EFL teachers. The study employed a quasi-experimental design, with 20 participants in the experimental group and 20 in the control group, to assess the impact of the PD program on various aspects of AI teaching competence, including AI-powered tools knowledge test, teaching skills related to AI-powered tools, and AI-powered tools teaching self-efficacy. The research utilized several instruments, such as AI-powered tools self-efficacy scale, a rubric for evaluating AI-powered tools lesson plans, an AI-powered tools knowledge test, and semi-structured interviews. The findings demonstrated that the TPACK-based PD program a) enhanced the AI-powered tools knowledge of novice EFL teachers, b) improved their ability to integrate AI-powered tools into their teaching practices, and c) boosted their self-efficacy in teaching with AI-powered tools. These results underscore the impact of this program for bolstering novice EFL teachers' proficiency in using AI-powered tools and provide valuable insights for the development of effective PD programs for EFL educators.
From Khartoum to London: The Metaphoric Correspondences between the Homeland and the Host Land in Leila Aboulela’s Minaret
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Khouloud
Published: December 2024

Leila Aboulela’s Minaret is an account of the protagonist Najwa’s diasporic life in London. There, she works as a housemaid in contrast to her homeland in Khartoum, where she used to live in a multistoried house with servants. The article conducts a metaphor analysis of Najwa’s tragic tale of immigrants’ life in the host land, London, and the material conditions that force her to work as a housemaid. The analysis explores the structural metaphors, a type of conceptual metaphor, in the novel to demonstrate how the experiences in Khartoum inform the perceptions, feelings, and understanding of the situations in London. The article argues that Najwa calls diasporic life an imprisonment and immigration to London as a fall to metaphorically describe her guilt-ridden, poverty-stricken life as a servant in London. The analysis concludes with how Najwa overcomes her guilt and attains absolution by coming to terms with her life in the host land.
Investigating Teacher-Student Emotional Dynamics in English Language Teaching: Examining Co-Regulation Techniques and Their Impact on Learning Outcomes
Authors: Ajmal Muhammad , Maqbool Saira , Pavlikova Martina , Alam Sohaib , Banu Sameena
Published: December 2024

The main objective of this research is to explore the role of teacher-student emotional dynamics within the context of English language teaching. Co-regulation refers to the ability of one person to help another person regulate their emotions and behavior. In the context of the classroom, this means that teachers and students can work together to create a conducive environment where everyone can learn. This study explores how different methods of co-regulation used by English language teachers affect learners’ feelings, motivation levels, and academic achievement in English lessons. They include: affect copy, overt adult praise, decision making by consensus and emotion prompting scaffolding which the study used to maintain the level of students’ engagement and achievement in English language learning. The study targeted 50 ELT teachers in the 15 selected schools, and 450 students in Junior High, High and Senior High in city of Multan, Pakistan. The sampling procedure was done through stratification in an effort to sample according to grades, the type of ELT contexts, and students’ demographic profile. The techniques used consisted of direct and proximal observation of ELT context activities, completion of questionnaires and evaluation of students’ records. The findings prove that emotional co-regulation processes improve the ELT environment and students’ self-regulation skills as well as their motivation in learning English. The relationships found between teachers’ self-identified emotional literacy and the degree to which co-regulation strategies were purposefully enacted highlighted the significance of emotional intelligence in the school context. The research implies the significance of teachers’ emotional awareness and their ability to utilize specific co-regulation interventions to create a healthy and conducive environment within English language teaching.
The Influence of Behavioral Finance on Investment Decision-Making: Understanding the Role of Overconfidence and Risk Perception in Stok Market Trends
Authors: Utama Ahmad Nur Budi , Sangaji Joko , Rimbano Dheo
Published: December 2024

This study examines the influence of behavioral finance factors, specifically overconfidence and risk perception, on investment decision-making and stock market trends in the Indonesian market. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze survey data from individual investors, the findings reveal that overconfidence positively impacts both investment decisions and market trends, while risk perception significantly shapes cautious investment behaviors and collective market sentiment. Additionally, the interaction between overconfidence and risk perception influences investment decisions, highlighting the interplay between cognitive biases and subjective risk assessments. The study provides theoretical contributions by integrating these constructs into a unified model and offers practical implications for investor education, risk management, and market regulation. The results underscore the importance of addressing behavioral biases to enhance investment strategies and promote market stability.
Frequency of Covert Urinary Retention in Women after Vaginal Birth of Baby
Authors: Zafar Iqra , Syed Sadaf Zahra , Waheed Fatima , Zafar Abeera , Sarwat Asma , Parveen Najma , Babi Yasmin , Farhan Eeshah
Published: December 2024

Postpartum Covert Urinary Retention (PPUR) is a medical condition in which a woman’s spontaneous ability to micturate is present and the patient passes urine but the problem lies with the residual volume of urine as it was higher than normal. Sufficient data were lacking so this study will help us to determine the disease burden in our population to do better management. Objective: To determine the frequency of postpartum covert urinary retention in females after the birth of a baby through the vaginal route. Methods: It was a cross-sectional survey, conducted in Lady Willingdon Hospital, Lahore, from April 2019 to October 2019. A total of 383 patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken by non-probability consecutive sampling. As soon as the patients pass urine after the vaginal birth of the baby, a transabdominal ultrasound was planned to get an estimated value of postvoid residual urine volume. All gathered data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: The mean age was 30.14 ± 5.06 years. The mean gestational age was 39.58 ± 1.73 weeks. In 163 (42.6%) females, epidural analgesia was used, among 152 (39.7%) females, episiotomy was done and 225 (66.6%) females had prolonged duration of labor. In 200 (52.2%) females, had covert urinary retention while 183 (47.8%) did not. Conclusions: It was concluded that more than half i.e. 52.2% of the females had covert urinary retention. Hence appropriate attention must be ensured to nationally accepted definitions and management algorithms in the post-natal stage to reduce the burden of disease in our community.
Comparison of Serum Uric Acid-to-HDL Ratio and Triglyceride Glucose Index in Relation to Glycemic Control Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Masood Hafiza Farah , Ain Qurratul , Lodhi Hifza Noor , Malik Bilal Rafique , Sulehri Faheem Usman , Khushbakht . , Sikandar Mirza Zeeshan , Fatima Sharoona
Published: December 2024

Diabetes mellitus, which is a case of impaired metabolism related to insulin production or resistance occurs. Serum uric acid levels elevating to some extent were related to diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Hyperuricemia is a serious health risk that may underlie metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Objective: To investigate the correlation of uric acid and triglyceride variables with glycemic control in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A Comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 167 patients categorized into non-diabetic (n=59), diabetic with good glycemic control (n=41), and diabetic with poor glycemic control (n=62) groups. Sociodemographic data and serum variables were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0, employing one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests. Results: Patients with poor glycemic control exhibited significantly higher fasting blood sugar levels and triglyceride glucose index compared to non-diabetic and well-controlled diabetic individuals. However, there were no significant differences in serum uric acid levels and UHR among the study groups. A positive correlation was observed between the triglyceride glucose index and HbA1c, highlighting the association between intermittent blood glucose rises and worse glycemic outcomes. Conclusion: The triglyceride glucose index revealed the potential to be an inexpensive indicator to evaluate blood sugar levels and should be taken into consideration together with the other generally used indicators like HbA1c to strengthen diabetes management.
The Effectiveness of Azithromycin versus Cefixime in the Treatment of Typhoid Fever in Children
Authors: Ujjan Rafique Ahmed , Shaikh Ghulam Serwar , Pathan Soobia , Niamat Madiha , Shaikh Faiza , Ali Kashif
Published: December 2024

Typhoid fever is brought on by the Salmonella Typhibacteria. Typhoid fever can present with a wide range of clinical symptoms, making diagnosis difficult. Salmonella Typhi isa bacterium that spreads quickly in unsanitary environments. In addition, this disease is more prevalent in places with inadequate hygienic conditions,economically unsustainable poor people, and rural areas with a lack of safe drinking water supply are at high risk ofdeveloping typhoid fever. Objective: To compare the results of azithromycin versus cefixime in the treatment of typhoid fever in children. Methods: A clinical/Quasi-Experimental study was conducted in the pediatric ward, Liaquat University HospitalJamshoro/Hyderabad by convenience sampling technique within the time frame of six months.SPSS Version 26.0 was employed to analyze the data,by using chi square test. Results: Out of 270 subjects, Individuals of age group (2-5 years) were more affected (53.4%). The male population was more affected (57.8%). Signs and symptoms like fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea and constipation were observed and calculated in this study.Clinical cure occurred in 110 (81.4%) of 135 patients treated with azithromycin, compared with 68(50.3%) of 135 patients treated with cefixime (p-value=<0.001). Conclusions: It was concluded that everyday taking of oral azithromycin may present a plain cure for typhoid fever brought on by drug-resistant or susceptible strains of Salmonella Typhi, which makes it potentially useful in places with limited access to healthcare services. Most of the children aged between 2 to 5 years with male predominance were affected.
Perceptions of Undergraduate Medical Students on Quiz-based Formative Assessment with Immediate Feedback in Integrated Clinical Biochemistry Teaching-learning sessions
Authors: Mansoor Sumreena , Javed Ayesha , Gul Sawaira , Rashid Sajid
Published: December 2024

Historically, medical education has used quizzes to provide knowledge assessments and feedback. This study investigates the impact of a quiz-based formative assessment with instantaneous feedback on the learning experiences of medical students, specifically focusing on retention, comprehension, and engagement. Objective: To examine the impact of quizzes on medical students’ comprehension of material, focusing on their perception of the effectiveness of a questionnaire-based pre and post-quiz evaluation approach and its effects on psychological factors like motivation, self-confidence, critical thinking, and receptive capacity. Methods: Quantitative data were collected from 100 second-year MBBS students through a cross-sectional survey. Expert input and suggested modifications were implemented in conjunction with a modified validated questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, with frequencies and percentages reported. Results: The study indicated that approximately 63.2% of students felt quizzes helped them focus on relevant material and save study time. Additionally, approximately 55% found quizzes beneficial for understanding metabolic processes in clinical contexts, while approximately 54% reported that quizzes encouraged deeper research and increased engagement. However, some students raised concerns about anxiety and time pressures. Conclusion: Overall, formative evaluation via quizzes enhances students' engagement and comprehension and can be optimized based on feedback to improve medical education.
The Key Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in Pathophysiology of Glaucoma and Its Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Durrani Muhammad Usman , Usman Anum , Noureen Fakhra , Munim Abdul , Abbas Sohaib , Bilal Ahmed Zain ul Abden , Khaliq Muhammad Haseeb
Published: December 2024

Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, is increasingly recognized as a neurodegenerative disease affecting broader neuro-ophthalmic pathways. Brain-derived neurotrophic Factor is a crucial neurotrophin, that supports the growth, maintenance, and survival of neurons and has been implicated in glaucomatous damage where its levels are diminished. Objectives: To focus on the role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the pathophysiology of glaucoma and its therapeutic potential by enhancing the survival of retinal ganglion cells. Methods: The studies in this review are taken from well-known public libraries for scientific research such as PubMed (60%), Science Direct (25%) and Springer Link (15%), in line with PRISMA guidelines. Various works conducted over the past decade from different parts of the world, including North America, Europe, and Asia, have provided evidence that the augmentation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor signalling may be a very effective approach to managing or halting the progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy through neuroprotection and improving retinal ganglion cells survival. Results: Studies in both animals and humans indicate that Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and its downstream signals promote the survival of retinal ganglion cells and decrease the extent of apoptotic cell death, oxidative stress, and inflammation in glaucoma. Moreover, enhancements of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor neuroprotective effects are supported by factors such as Nerve growth factor and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. Conclusion: It was concluded that Brain-derived neurotrophic Factor has the potential to be used as a diagnostic marker for Glaucoma as well as it could be evaluated for its therapeutic potential against the disease.
Effectiveness of Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anaesthesia in Paediatric Patients Undergoing Urological Surgeries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ahmad Shabir , Hassan Hafiz Wajih Ul , Akram Saba , Zaidi Syed Imtiaz Ali , Ahmed Aftab , Shafiq Pakeeza , Shah Muhammad Arsalan
Published: December 2024

Recent research in anatomy and ultrasound has highlighted the importance of a technique named ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia in pediatric anaesthesia, due to its approach to enhancing nerve visualization and targeted nerve blockade which improves patients’ safety and pain relief during surgical procedures. Objectives: To evaluate the outcomes of pediatric patients who received ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia during urological surgeries and compare its effectiveness in pain control, anaesthetic quality, and post-surgery results. Methods: A search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer Link, and Science Direct. A total of 96 studies were included after applying the inclusion criteria to articles published between January 2013 and April 2024. Out of these, only 15 were used in the study table to highlight the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia in pediatric urological surgeries. Results: Consistently, the alignment with the ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia revealed significantly greater analgesic efficacy, least opioid usage as well and lesser rates of anaesthesia-related adverse events in pediatric subjects mainly neurodevelopmental concerns and opioid dependency. Other papers also revealed better hemodynamic control and the duration of time needed to feel fully recovered postoperatively, and thus, ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia may enhance perioperative outcomes and ambience in children undergoing different urological procedures. Conclusions: It was concluded that ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia appears to be applicable for pediatric urological surgery, providing better analgesia, fewer side effects, and reduced demand for systemic anaesthesia. Future studies should establish the long-term results of the method and make comparisons to the other procedures
İnsan Kaynakları Analitiği Kavramına Özgü Bir Sistematik Derleme Çalışması
Authors: Kılıç Buket
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmada insan kaynakları yönetimi ve teknoloji alanlarını bir araya getiren İnsan Kaynakları Analitiği (İK Analitiği) kavramının literatürde İnsan Sermayesi Analitiği, İnsan Analitiği, İş Gücü Analitiği, Yetenek Analitiği, İK Metrikleri gibi farklı tanımlamalarla nasıl ele alındığını ortaya koymak amacıyla sistematik derleme çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Google Scholar ve Scopus veri tabanları kullanılarak yapılan araştırmada 1998-2023 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilen 180 makale incelenmiş olup kavramsal çerçeve, odak alanı, kullanılan analiz yöntemleri ve ülke bazlı dağılımlar incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma aracılığıyla İK Analitiği ile ilgili kavramsal bütünlük sağlanması öngörülmektedir.
BRAIN ROT: OVERCONSUMPTION OF ONLINE CONTENT (AN ESSAY ON THE PUBLICNESS SOCIAL MEDIA)
Authors: İdikut Özpençe Aylin
Published: December 2024

The term "brain rot" first appeared in 1854. But it has evolved to define a modern concern about how it will shape our digital lives. Anxiety and despair about the expected negative effects because of overconsumption of online content are of increasing interest both in academia and among policymakers to investigate the causes and consequences of this behavior. Based on the public goods feature of information and speech, I think that social media also has a public good feature. Because the starting point of social media is talking and sharing information. Brain rot, which emerges as a negative externality because of excessive consumption of social media (which I call dirty consumption), is the tragedy of the commons. It should be the subject of public solutions on a global scale and should be seen as a global public good.
Keywords: Brain Rot, Social Media, Global Public Goods, Digitalization
JEL Codes: H41, H87, D83, D85
Shifting towards renewable energy: A sustainable solution to pollution
Authors: Jena Madhab Chandra , Mishra Sarat Kumar , Moharana Himanshu Sekhar
Published: December 2024

The 21st century poses unprecedented challenges in addressing climate change and environmental degradation, largely driven by the reliance on fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. These energy sources contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, resulting in detrimental effects on human health and ecosystems. This paper explores the urgent need to transition to renewable energy technologies—including solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass—as a sustainable alternative. It highlights the economic viability of renewable energy, emphasizing job creation, reduced energy costs, and enhanced energy security. Effective policy frameworks are crucial for fostering the adoption of renewables and phasing out fossil fuel subsidies, thereby mitigating the adverse impacts of climate change and promoting public health. Ultimately, the integration of renewable energy into global energy portfolios is essential for achieving sustainable development and a cleaner future.
Development of Antioxidant-Rich Gummies by Utilizing Pomegranate Juice and Water Chestnut Extract to Boost Immune System
Authors: Malik Simrah
Published: December 2024

Consumption at high levels is attributed to health hazards. Pomegranate juice and water chestnut extract possess antioxidant and immune-enhancing properties, making them a healthy gummy alternative to conventional gummies. The aim of this study was the formulation of gummies with antioxidant-rich pomegranate juice and water chestnut extract to enhance their nutritional, sensory, functional properties, and to boost immune system. Pomegranate to water chestnut ratios 50:50, 70:30, and 60:40 along with the control were prepared in three formulations. Proximate, phytochemical, textural, and microbial characteristics were analyzed using standard methods. However, organoleptic properties and shelf-life of the product was also determined. A 9-point hedonic scale was used to evaluate the sensory parameters of the developed product. Proximate analysis showed Sample B (70:30) had the lowest percentage for moisture 18.5%, the highest percentage for protein, 1.3%, and the percentage for carbohydrates, 79.2% leading to a firmer texture. Phytochemical analysis showed Sample B as having the highest percentage total phenolic content with 5.8 mg GAE/g and flavonoid content of 4.1 mg QE/g which led to strong antioxidant activity with 70% inhibition and the lowest IC50 value at 6.2 mg/mL. Texture evaluation showed that Sample B had the highest rating for hardness at 3.5 N, chewiness at 0.8, and cohesiveness at 0.7 of textures, which meant better textural integrity. Microbiological assessment showed that Sample B was the lowest level of microbial activity at 1500 CFU/g after 8 weeks of storage and thus attributed to longer shelf life. The sensory analysis favored Sample B having the highest overall acceptability score of 9, attributed by its good balance of flavors, texture, and mouthfeel. These results establish a suitable sensory appeal, good antioxidant properties, and boosting of immune functionality through the 70:30 pomegranate-to-water chestnut formulation. The developed product can be suggested as a promising functional food product. Its future research lines may include natural sweeteners and clinical trials evaluating long-term health impacts.
TÍCH CỦA CÁC MA TRẬN TOÀN PHƯƠNG VÔ HẠN TRÊN TRƯỜNG
Authors: Tâm Vũ Minh , Trí Đoàn Cao Minh
Published: December 2024

TÓM TẮTCho F là một trường và p(x) là một đa thức bậc hai trong F[x]. Kí hiệu M∞(F) là tập hợp tất cả các ma trận vô hạn trên F, T∞(F) là vành tất cả các ma trận tam giác trên trong M∞(F). Một ma trận A ∈ M∞(F) được gọi là ma trận toàn phương đối với p(x) hoặc đơn giản là ma trận p(x)- toàn phương nếu p(A) = 0. Trong bài báo này, chúng tôi nghiên cứu sự phân tích của các ma trận trong T∞(F) thành tích của các ma trận p(x) - toàn phương trong T∞(F).
HUBUNGAN ANTARA SMARTPHONE ADDICTION DENGAN ADAPTASI SOSIAL SISWA DI SD X
Authors: Sirilus Andika Mambang Semahai Empula  , Raja Oloan Tumanggor
Published: December 2024

Smartphone dapat didefinisikan sebagai perangkat seluler yang memiliki kemampuan seperti komputer. Orang yang terlalu sering menggunakan smartphone dapat mengalami kecanduan smartphone, kondisi di mana seseorang menjadi terlalu tergantung pada ponsel, mengakibatkan kehilangan kontrol diri dan kecemasan psikologis. Penggunaan smartphone yang berlebihan juga dapat menyebabkan perasaan tidak peduli terhadap lingkungan sosial. Adaptasi adalah kemampuan seseorang untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungannya. Proses di mana seorang individu atau kelompok mengubah tindakan mereka untuk sesuai dengan lingkungan sosial mereka disebut sebagai adaptasi sosial. Adaptasi sosial juga dapat disebut sebagai penyesuaian diri terhadap lingkungan. Partisipan dalam penelitian kali ini adalah anak-anak dengan rentang usia 9-12 tahun. Anak-anak pada tahap ini sudah belajar mengenai keterampilan sosial dan akademis melalui kegiatan dalam kelompok. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan antara smartphone addiction dengan adaptasi sosial siswa di SD X. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik ini termasuk kedalam metode non-probability sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan dianalisis dengan metode korelasi Spearman. Dengan menggunakan metode uji korelasi Spearman Correlation pada level alpha 0.05, ada hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara smartphone addiction dan adaptasi sosial, r(df) = -0.216, p<0.001 Semakin tinggi skor smartphone addiction, semakin rendah skor adaptasi sosial. Hubungan negatif artinya semakin tinggi smartphone addiction, maka semakin rendah adaptasi sosialnya. Begitupun sebaliknya jika smartphone addiction semakin rendah, maka semakin tinggi adaptasi sosial.
ANÁLISE DO PERFIL PROFISSIONAL DOS TRABALHADORES DA REDE DE SAÚDE DA COORDENADORIA OESTE DE PORTO ALEGRE, RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Panozzo Vanessa Maria , Londero Carolina Araujo , Pereira Taís Lopes , Lemos Laura Salvaterra Domingues , Pilotto Luciane Maria
Published: December 2024

Introdução: A relação de trabalho na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) com os serviços de média complexidade baseiam-se na interprofissionalidade e no trabalho colaborativo. Assim, conhecer o perfil destes profissionais é fundamental para o subsídio de novas abordagens de qualificação do cuidado, por meio de ações de educação permanente em saúde. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil dos trabalhadores da APS e serviços de média complexidade da Coordenadoria Oeste de Saúde do município de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Metodologia: Pesquisa observacional transversal, com coleta de dados realizada por formulário eletrônico, entre novembro de 2021 e março de 2022. Os participantes do estudo foram trabalhadores da saúde vinculados à Coordenadoria Oeste. As variáveis pesquisadas relacionaram-se com características do perfil dos profissionais/gestores. As análises foram realizadas no software R. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 84 participantes, sendo 63 (75%) pessoas brancas, 20 (23,8%) pessoas pretas e uma (1,2%) se declarou indígena. Ainda, 65 (77,4%) eram mulheres cisgênero e 16 (19%) homens cisgênero. A maior parte dos respondentes tinha 40 anos ou mais (48,8%) e ensino superior, com um número maior de enfermeiros (27,4%), médicos (23,8%) e técnicos de Enfermagem (15,5%). A grande maioria (65,5%) tinha realizado cursos de pós-graduação, especialmente especialização (36,9%). Eram profissionais que atuavam na assistência à saúde (76,2%), por um tempo de até 3 anos (75%). Conclusão: O estudo encontrou a predominância de mulheres cisgênero e brancas. Houve pequena participação de determinadas profissões, o que pode sugerir um baixo número destes profissionais na rede de saúde, afetando a integralidade do cuidado. O tempo restrito de atuação dos profissionais nesta Coordenadoria pode ser explicado pelo fim do Instituto Municipal da Estratégia da Saúde da Família (IMESF) e da terceirização da APS, sendo necessário analisar as relações de trabalho e sua interferência na produção do cuidado.
Cash Flow Forecasting in the Valuation of Financial Instruments
Authors: Semenova Svitlana
Published: December 2024

The research focuses on forecasting cash flows in the valuation of financial instruments, a critical task given the increasing complexity of financial markets, the need for effective risk management, and the requirement for well-informed investment decisions. This issue is particularly relevant in the context of contemporary macroeconomic instability, heightened regulatory scrutiny, and rapid advancements in analytical technologies. Cash flow forecasting enhances the accuracy of financial instrument valuation, facilitates adaptation to market changes, and optimizes capital management, making it a key success factor for businesses and investors. The article examines the specifics of forecasting cash flows in the valuation of financial instruments under the requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The primary focus is on analyzing IFRS 9 and IFRS 7, which govern the classification, measurement, and disclosure of financial instruments. It reviews valuation methods, including fair value, amortized cost, and the expected credit loss model. Challenges related to forecast accuracy, macroeconomic risks, and information asymmetry are highlighted. The study proposes improvements to financial forecasting for cash flows by leveraging modern analytical tools and algorithms that account for market volatility. Suggested approaches include using artificial intelligence and machine learning to improve forecast accuracy, dynamic scenarios to assess risks, blockchain for data transparency, and incorporating ESG factors for more comprehensive analysis. These approaches aim to enhance the efficiency and transparency of financial valuation in today's market, contributing to a deeper understanding of financial reporting and risk management under current regulatory demands. The theoretical significance lies in expanding the scientific foundation for cash flow forecasting in financial instrument valuation. Practically, the results can be applied by financial analysts, enterprises, banking institutions, and other financial market participants. The findings provide a basis for improving cash flow forecasting models. Future research perspectives include developing machine learning algorithms to enhance the precision of financial forecasts.
The Video Head Impulse Test and the Oculomotor Test in Patients with Vestibular Migraine
Authors: Nedim Turğut  , Özge Kale  , Adnan Fuat Büyüklü
Published: December 2024

To compare the results of the Oculomotor Random Saccade test, Positional test and Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) patients with Vestibular Migraine (VM) and in healthy volunteers and to determine the sensitivity of these tests in revealing peripheral vestibular hypofunction. A retrospective examination was made of the data of 33 patients (mean age:44.72±13.73 years) diagnosed with VM in a tertiary level neuro-otological clinic between June 2020 and December 2022. The oculomotor random saccade test, positional tests, vHIT gain and asymmetry results were compared with those of 33 healthy volunteers and statistically analysed. Gaze nystagmus was observed in 18.18% of VM patients. The positional tests were abnormal in 15.1% of the VM patients. The mean velocity was seen to be increased 18.2% patients in VM. The right-side accuracy values were determined to be <80% in 4 (12.2%) patients in VM. The two groups were similar in terms of vHIT vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain values. Vestibular deficit of VOR gain <0.7 was determined in 30.3% of the VM patients. VOR gain asymmetry of >20% was observed in 11 (33.3%) VM patients (p>0.05). Abnormalities in the oculomotor saccade test results and differentiated asymmetry values with reduced VOR gain values may be observed in patients with VM. It should be kept in mind that vHIT results may be affected in patients with VM.
Çağdaş Sanat Müzelerinde Güncel Sergilemelere Bir Örnek: Güzellik Sergisi
Authors: Uzun Eda
Published: December 2024

Sanatın anlatım biçimlerindeki yenilikler, bağlantılı olduğu sergileme mekanlarını da dönüştürmektedir. 20. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde varlığı oldukça artan çağdaş sanat müzeleri, sanatçıların güncel ve yeni anlatım biçimlerinin sergilenmesine olanak tanıyan mekanların arasındaki yerini almıştır. Sanatçılar neredeyse dünyanın her yerinde bulunan çağdaş sanat müzelerini dönüştürürken çeşitli sergileme yöntemlerini (geleneksel yöntemler, yapay zeka, sanal gerçeklik, arttırılmış gerçeklik, akıllı makine vb.) kullanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada amaçlanan, çağdaş sanat müzelerindeki önemli güncel sergilemelerin ve son yıllarda bu sergilemeler arasında önemli bir yere sahip olan Güzellik sergisinin incelenmesidir. Sagmeister ve Walsh tasarım ortaklarının hazırladığı Güzellik sergisi insanı kuşatan, yaratıcı ve güncel biçimlerle ön plana çıkmaktadır. Günümüzde çağdaş sanat müzelerinde yapılan sergilemelerin teknoloji, sanatsal ifade biçimi ve mimari farklılık gibi faktörlere bağlı olarak değiştiği ve bu anlamda Güzellik sergisinde bir arada kullanılan geleneksel ve teknolojik etkileşimli sergilemelerin ziyaretçiyi pasif izleyici konumundan aktif katılımcı konumuna getirerek ziyaretçi katılımının serginin bir parçasına nasıl dönüştüğü irdelenmektedir.