bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic performance of 18F-DCFPyL positron emission tomography/computed tomography for biochemically recurrent prostate cancer and change-of-management analysis
Authors: Chaussé Guillaume , Ben-Ezra Noah , Stoopler Michelle , Levett Jeremy Y. , Niazi Tamim , Anidjar Maurice , Abikhzer Gad , Probst Stephan
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Conventional imaging (CI) performs poorly to identify sites of disease in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer. 68Ga-PSMA-11 positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (PET/CT) is most studied but has a very short half-life. This study reports the diagnostic performance of the novel prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radiotracer 18F-DCFPyL using real-life data, and tumor board simulation to estimate the impact of 18F-DCFPyL PET on patient management.

Methods: Ninety-three 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT scans performed for patients previously treated for prostate cancer with a rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were retrospectively compared to contemporary CI, and clinical, imaging and PSA followups. A chart review was performed to document prior imaging, pathology results, serial serum PSA measurements, and other pertinent clinical data. Clinical utility of 18F-DCFPyL PET was measured using a simulated tumor board formed by three physicians with extensive prostate cancer experience deciding on management with and without knowledge of PET/CT results.

Results: At median PSA 2.27 (interquartile range [IQR] 5.27], 82% of 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT demonstrated at least one site of disease: non-regional lymph nodes (37% of scans), regional lymph node metastases (28%), local recurrence (27%), bone metastases (20%), with higher PET positivity at higher PSA. Compared to 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT, CI showed overall poor performance, with accuracy below 20% for all extent of disease. PET/CT changed management in 44% of cases. The most frequent scenario was a radical change from initiating androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) of oligo-lesional disease. In univariate and multivariate analysis, no patient characteristic could predict change of management by PET/CT results.

Conclusions: 18F-DCFPyL significantly outperforms CI in recurring prostate cancer and is likely to impact management.
The development and efficacy of an interdisciplinary chronic pelvic pain program
Authors: Katz Laura , Fransson Adria , Patterson Lisa
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a significant issue, and approximately 14% of women experience CPP once in their lifetime. While interdisciplinary pain management is considered the gold standard of treatment, few programs offer this type of treatment in Canada. The aims of this paper were to: 1) describe the development of an interdisciplinary CPP program; and 2) demonstrate changes in patient-related outcomes after attending an interdisciplinary CPP program.

Methods: Referrals were received from community urologists and obstetricians/gynecologists, and pain physicians at the Michael G. DeGroote Pain Clinic. Patients attended an orientation session, completed an interdisciplinary assessment, and if appropriate attended an eight-day interdisciplinary CPP program. Each day consisted of group-based pelvic floor physiotherapy, psycho-education, goal-setting, cognitive behavioral therapy, and mindfulness. Psychometric questionnaires were completed pre- and post-program by patients, and paired sample t-tests were used to evaluate the changes in patient-related outcomes after attending the program.

Results: Thirty-seven female patients completed the program, and results demonstrate that the CPP program was associated with significant improvements in impact of pelvic pain on quality of life, readiness for change, and pain-related self-efficacy, as well as decreases in pain catastrophizing and fear of pain/re-injury.

Conclusions: CPP is a complex condition that requires interdisciplinary management and care. The results of this study demonstrate the short-term benefits of an interdisciplinary CPP program and highlight the unique needs of women with CPP and implicate multiple factors for programming and treatment.
The Long-Term Effect of the Integrated Care Model on Child Morbidity in Murewa District, Zimbabwe: A pragmatic Trial
Authors: Mhlanga Maxwell , Chidzonga Midion , Haruzivishe Clara
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: Poor access and utilisation of health care services remains a big challenge in rural communities in low to middle income countries leading to high prevalence of preventable childhood illnesses and death. Many community mobilisation models have been employed to address this. However, scientific evidence remain scanty on the long-term effects of such models to inform policy-makers on how to reduce preventable child morbidity and mortality and to provide guidance on what is pragmatic. The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effects of the Integrated Care Model (ICM) on child morbidity and mortality in Zimbabwe.

METHODS: This was a pragmatic trial that used a quasi-experimental design. The study used population based sampling to enrol villages into either intervention sites or control sites from two health centres in Murewa District. Target sampling was used to enrol children aged 0-48 months into the study. A total of 1380 children were enrolled and followed up prospectively for a period of 18 months. The disease condition that were being tracked were pneumonia, diarrhoea, fever and Malaria.

RESULTS: We performed negative binomial logistic regression to determine the long-term effects of the intervention on child morbidity, adjusting for the number of under-fives in each village/cluster, village size, distance to the clinic and number of under-fives in each cluster. Overall, the intervention reduce the risk of general child morbidity by 83% [RR=0.17, 95% CI (0.14-0.23)]. The intervention reduced risk of incidence of pneumonia by 79% [RR=0.21, 95% CI (0.10-0.45)], risk of incidence of diarrhoea by 80% [RR=0.20 95% CI (0.15-0.29)], fever by 91%[RR=0.09, 95% CI (0.04-0.22)] and malaria by 73%[RR=0.27, 95% CI (0.14-0.51)].The incidence rate of childhood severe illnesses was reduced by 79%[RR=0.24, 95% CI (0.11-0.40)] through the intervention.

CONCLUSION: This study sought to determine the long term effects of the Integrated Care Model on Child Morbidity in Murewa district, Zimbabwe. Study results revealed that indeed the ICM had a statistically significant impact on child morbidity in the long-term. Countries in low resource settings can benefit from the use of such a low-cost high impact model to reduce not only child morbidity and mortality, but also to address maternal health challenges.
A Novel Dairy Fermented Frozen Dessert with Honey and Pomegranate Juice: Physicochemical, Rheological and Sensory Properties
Authors: Petridis Alexandros , Petridis Dimitris , Dimitreli Georgia
Published: November 2020

The effect of fat content and added yoghurt, honey and pomegranate juice concentration on the overrun, and the physicochemical, rheological and sensory properties of frozen yoghurt samples was investigated, aiming in the production of a novel low-fat and functional dairy fermented frozen dessert. For this purpose, the methodology of mixture experiment was applied to twenty samples, while a control sample (without using honey and pomegranate juice) was also produced. According to the results, the increase in yoghurt concentration resulted in increasing pH, overrun, brightness, elastic modulus (G´) determined at -2 °C and sensory hardness of the samples, while it reduced color parameters a* and b*, creaminess, sweetness and fattiness. Increasing honey concentration reduced lactic acid concentration, G´ at -2 °C, hardness, sensory acidity, and to a lesser extent pH, while increased color parameter b*, overrun, sensory color intensity, creaminess, sweetness, and fattiness of the samples. The increase in pomegranate juice concentration resulted in decreasing pH, brightness and b*, as well as increasing a*, color intensity, creaminess and sensory acidity. Finally, fat, by interacting with one or two of the three constituents (yoghurt, honey and pomegranate juice), decreased pH, creaminess and fattiness, while increased lactic acid concentration, b*, color intensity and to a lesser degree the overrun level of the samples. Overall acceptability of the samples indicated that it is possible to use honey and pomegranate juice in the production of low-fat frozen yoghurt with favorable sensory properties.
El papel de la técnica publicitaria Branded Content para generar nuevos vínculos de compromiso entre marca y sociedad.
Authors: Rodríguez-Rabadán María
Published: November 2020

La práctica publicitaria del Branded Content ha tomado fuerza en los últimos años. La creación de contenidos de carácter informativo, educativo o de entretenimiento, al servicio de la marca presenta una oportunidad real en la generación de vínculos a medio y largo plazo con el consumidor y espectador. Este artículo analiza las oportunidades que tienen las marcas para pasar a formar parte del cambio social de su tiempo comprometiéndose con las cuestiones importantes de su época. Una campaña publicitaria puede transformarse en una acción de impacto real en las vidas de los consumidores.
Hospitableness e servicescape na hospitalidade no contexto do varejo na cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Margutti Auhana Nardini , Marques Roseane Barcellos , Stefanini Claudio Jose
Published: November 2020

Objetivo do estudo: Investigar as características hospitaleiras e o servicescape presentes no ato da interação social anfitrião-cliente promovidas no interior dos estabelecimentos do varejo, na cidade de São Paulo.Metodologia/Abordagem: Metodologicamente, é uma pesquisa quantitativa, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados a técnica survey, por meio de questionário desenvolvido no Google Forms. A análise dos dados foi realizada a partir do software SMARTPLS 3, para modelagem da equação estrutural que explica as relações entre múltiplas variáveis, examinando as equações capazes de descreverem as relações entre os constructos servicescape, hospitableness, hospitalidade.Originalidade/Relevância: Os desafios competitivos enfrentados pelos anfitriões dos estabelecimentos comerciais, na busca por melhores resultados, fizeram com que a hospitalidade fosse percebida como um aspecto de diferenciação do produto/serviço prestado.Principais resultados: Os resultados sugerem que a percepção de hospitalidade se confirma estatisticamente em todas as hipóteses, especialmente hospitableness. Permitem considerar que há relação entre as características do ambiente físico e as hospitaleiras em estabelecimentos como acomodação, restaurantes e lojas de varejo na Cidade de São Paulo.Contribuições teóricas/Metodológicas: Este estudo adiciona à literatura emergente sobre práticas de hospitalidade no setor de varejo, em particular, no varejo de serviços.
Out of Colchis: The Colonization of Europe by Primula vulgaris Huds. (Primulaceae)
Authors: Volkova Polina , Laczkó Levente , Demina Olga , Schanzer Ivan , Sramkó Gábor
Published: November 2020

In the cold periods of Quaternary climatic fluctuations, many temperate species underwent severe range contractions, and their survival during these periods was associated with climatically more favorable regions, so-called glacial refugia, from which subsequent range expansions took place. In this regard, the relative roles of the Southern (“main”), Northern (i.e., cryptic northern), and Eastern European (e.g., Colchis) refugia in shaping the evolutionary history of European temperate plants should be evaluated. In this study, we investigated the phylogeographic structure of Primula vulgaris, a European mesophilous species, by comparing DNA sequences derived from the nuclear (nrITS) and the plastid (trnL-trnF and rpl32-trnL) genomes of specimens covering the entire distribution range of the species. The variability in flower morphology was also studied on an area-wide scale with geometric morphometry. Our results clearly show the importance of the northern and eastern refugia (the Carpathian Basin and Colchis) as sources of genetic variation among European mesophilous plant species. Primula vulgaris spread initially from the Colchis refugium westwards, and a proportion of the colonists survived during the last glacial period in the Carpathian Basin, which may have served as a secondary center of diversity from which all Europe was subsequently populated.
The development of the Israeli national missile defense concept
Authors: Zych Joanna
Published: November 2020

Over the last three decades, the Israeli missile defense concept has evolved significantly along with the emerging threats. As a result of long-term strategy, implemented in the 1990s, contemporary missile defense of Israel has been developed into a complex, multi-tier system aimed to match the country’s unique security needs. The purpose of this study is to determine the main directions of the development of the Israeli missile defense concept that have led to its current form. The study identifies key elements of the multi-layered missile defense architecture as well as their role in overall defense strategy of Israel. With the use of theoretical research methods, the period of 1991-2020 was examined in order to trace the development of new missile defense systems and the evolution of Israeli posture on the subject in relation to changing international situation. The author concludes that comprehensive anti-missile shield, consisting of Arrow-3, Arrow-2, David’s Sling and Iron Dome systems, provides Israel with solid defense against short, medium and long range missile threats and presents potential to be developed into one of the most advanced missile defense systems in the world.
Netflix and kill? Disruptive Innovation im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung
Authors: Michael Hendrik , Reitmeier Sophie , Czichon Miriam
Published: November 2020

Im jungen Feld der digitalen Mediengeschichte untersucht die Studie Medieninnovation und Wandlungsprozesse am Beispiel von Netflix. Theoretische Überlegungen hierfür gehen auf Balbi, Stöber, den Ansatz der disruptive innovation sowie Beckerts Konzept des sociological fictionalism zurück. Um die Dynamik des digitalen Wandels systematisch zu untersuchen, wurde ein Analysemodell entwickelt, welches unterschiedliche Phasen der Medieninnovation in Bezug auf drei Teilbereiche (System, Kommunikationsangebote, Rezeption) beschreibt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Netflix exemplarisch die Transformationsprozesse sowie Kontinuitäten und Brüche des digitalen Wandels verkörpert. Einerseits ist Netflix Impulsgeber und Ideenträger. Durch Antizipation der Diffusion von zunächst DVD-Medien und dann Video-on-Demand-Technik spielte der ursprüngliche Nischen-Anbieter sein disruptives Potenzial aus und revolutionierte das Home-Entertainment. Andererseits bedient sich Netflix auch altbewährter Strukturen und Muster und hat im Bereich der Kommunikationsangebote und der Unternehmensorganisation lediglich Verbesserungen eingeführt.
Schutz durch Impfungen versus potenzielle Risiken? Die Diskussion über das Thema „Impfen und Impfungen“ in deutschsprachigen YouTube-Videos
Authors: Beseler Arista Beatrice , Schmid-Petri Hannah
Published: November 2020

Obwohl Impfungen nachweislich vor potenziell lebensbedrohlichen Krankheiten schützen und schwerwiegende Nebenwirkungen nur selten eintreten, existiert eine Minderheit an Personen, die sich gegen Impfungen ausspricht. Dabei dienen alternative Kommunikationsplattformen für Impfgegner*innen als Ort, um sich an der öffentlichen Kommunikation zum Thema „Impfen“ zu beteiligen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht mittels einer quantitativen Inhaltsanalyse von 97 Videos die Impfdiskussion im deutschsprachigen YouTube im Jahre 2018, indem unter anderem die Kommunikator*innen, die Positionen zum Thema „Impfen“, die Reaktionen auf impfbezogene Videos und die verwendeten Argumente analysiert werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Anzahl der impfbefürwortenden und impfablehnenden Videos auf YouTube relativ komparabel ist - es lassen sich etwas mehr impfablehnende Inhalte finden und es kommunizieren mehrheitlich Laien. Impfgegner*innen setzen vermehrt auf emotionale Argumente, greifen die Mehrheitsmeinung an, schüren Angst oder bezeichnen Impfen als das Ergebnis einer groß angelegten Verschwörung. An der Anzahl der Videoaufrufe, Up- und Downvotes wird allerdings deutlich, dass impfablehnende Inhalte weitaus seltener rezipiert werden als ihre Pendants.
Islamistischer Extremismus: anderes Geschlecht, andere Risikofaktoren?
Authors: Goede Laura-Romina , Trillo Amelie Lopez
Published: November 2020

Dieser Beitrag analysiert die Zusammenhänge verschiedener Einflussfaktoren mit islamistischen Einstellungen muslimischer Jugendlicher und geht der Frage nach, ob sich diese bei Mädchen und Jungen unterscheiden. Für die Untersuchung werden Daten der Jugendbefragung „Jugendliche Perspektiven auf Politik, Religion und Gemeinschaft (JuPe)“ herangezogen. Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurden ca. 6.700 Schülerinnen und Schüler des 9. Jahrgangs im Jahr 2018 deutschlandweit befragt. Die fokussierten Einflussfaktoren begründen sich aus der kriminologischen Theorie des sozialen Lernens, der Subkulturtheorie sowie der General Strain Theorie. Die Ergebnisse multivariater Analysen zeigen, dass die Subkulturtheorie und die Theorie des sozialen Lernens relevante Ansatzpunkte für die Erklärung islamistischer Einstellungen bei Jugendlichen liefern. Aus der General Strain Theorie abgeleitete Faktoren weisen hingegen, bis auf Effekte von kollektivem Strain (wahrgenommene gruppenbezogene Belastungen), keine signifikanten Zusammenhänge auf. Die Ergebnisse zeigen weiter, dass sich die Einflussfaktoren zwischen Mädchen und Jungen nur im Hinblick auf zwei Faktoren (Rekrutierungs- und Missionierungsangebote) unterscheiden, die aus der Theorie des sozialen Lernens abgeleitet wurden.
Thyroid Storm, Rhabdomyolysis, and Pulmonary Embolism: An Unusual Triad Case Report
Authors: Silverman Montane , Wray Jesse , Bridwell Rachel , Cibrario Amber
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Thyroid storm is a medical emergency associated with significant mortality. Hyperthyroid states have been associated with hypercoagulability as well as rhabdomyolysis. However, the pathophysiology of this association remains under investigation.

Case Report: A 62-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with weakness and was found to have thyroid storm with concurrent submassive pulmonary embolisms and rhabdomyolysis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported presentation of this triad.

Conclusion: This case highlights the potentially difficult diagnosis and management of thyroid storm, as well as associated life-threatening complications, including venous thromboemboli and rhabdomyolysis.
Point-of-care Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Mitral Valve Regurgitation and Mitral Annular Calcification
Authors: Schoenberg Benjamen , Alkhattabi Marwan , Lahham Shadi
Published: November 2020

Case Presentation: A 77-year-old female presented to the emergency department (ED) with chest pain. Cardiac point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) was performed and demonstrated a hyperechoic structure on the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve. Admission to cardiology and echocardiogram revealed moderately decreased mobility of the posterior leaflet, mitral annular calcification, and severe mitral regurgitation.

Discussion: These findings highlight the role of POCUS in identifying mitral valve pathology in the ED, ultimately leading to appropriate disposition and management. Mitral annular calcification can lead to significant manifestations including mitral stenosis or regurgitation, and advanced cases have been associated with an increased risk of infective endocarditis, thrombosis, and arrhythmia.
Intracranial Air Embolism after Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block: A Case Report
Authors: Gillespie Megan , Gunsolly Chad
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The number of nontraumatic dental pain emergency department (ED) visits continues to substantially rise in frequency every year. While there are several methods for treating dental pain, an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is a non-narcotic alternative that provides instantaneous relief of severe pain.

Case Report: A 59-year-old male presented to the ED from a dentist’s office for evaluation of a right-sided headache with an associated episode of palpitations and near syncope that developed while receiving an inferior alveolar nerve block. Computed tomography of the patient’s head revealed multiple small foci of air in the right temporalis muscle and in the intracranial venous drainage system. Given the patient’s history of dental procedure, the intravascular introduction of air and local anesthetic was suspected.

Conclusion: Inferior alveolar nerve block procedures can have complications, including hematoma formation, trismus, facial palsy, needle breakage, and in this case, intravascular injection and cerebral air embolism. To perform a successful IANB, it is critical for providers to be familiar with anatomical landmarks and to consistently perform aspiration to confirm that needle placement is not intravascular.
Pulmonary Embolism Presenting as an Anterior ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Case Report
Authors: Ladage Varvara , Jones Miciah , Ahmad Faheem , Plamoottil Cherian , Misek Ryan , Alexander-Anyaogu Nicole
Published: November 2020

Introduction: While the electrocardiogram (ECG) for pulmonary embolism typically shows tachycardia or evidence of right heart strain, it can demonstrate ischemic changes similar to acute coronary syndrome.

Case Report: The patient in this case presented with syncope, chest pain, and an ECG showing an anterior acute myocardial infarction (AMI) without evidence of right heart strain. His cardiac catheterization showed no coronary artery occlusions, but some signs of pulmonary embolism (PE), which was confirmed on computed tomography angiography of the chest.

Conclusion: This case demonstrates that PE should be high on the differential for AMI and describes an uncommonly encountered mimic for classic ST-elevation myocardial infarction ECG changes. Further diagnostics to confirm the diagnosis should be obtained when indicated.
Secondary Syphilis
Authors: Ehlers Sarah , Sergent Shane , Ashurst John
Published: November 2020

Case Presentation: A 40-year-old male presented the the emergency department (ED) due to a diffuse body rash after a sexual encounter. Examination revealed a maculopapular rash that included the palms and soles of the feet bilaterally. A rapid plasma reagin was positive, and the patient was treated with 2.4 million units of benzathine benzylpenicillin intramuscularly.

Diagnosis: Secondary syphilis can mimic many disease processes but classically presents as a painless macular rash on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Diagnosis is based upon clinical examination coupled with serological testing. Emergency department management should include 2.4 million units of benzathine benzylpenicillin intramuscularly and mitigation strategies.
A Case Report of B-cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma Presenting as Isolated Torticollis in a 2-year-old Female
Authors: Boushra Marina
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Malignancy is a rare cause of acquired torticollis in children, and spinal cord involvement from hematolymphoid malignancies is similarly unusual. Neurologic abnormalities may not be present on initial evaluation, and delayed diagnosis and treatment is associated with increased risk of permanent paralysis.

Case Report: The author describes a case of isolated torticollis in a 2-year-old evaluated multiple times in the emergency department (ED) and outpatient settings. For her first three presentations, the patient had no associated neurologic abnormalities. She was discharged with return precautions and a presumptive diagnosis of viral infection/lymphadenitis. She later developed weakness of her left arm and was diagnosed with a B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma causing spinal cord compression.

Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of continued comprehensive and meticulous physical examination in patients with repeat ED visits, as well as the value of detailed discharge instructions in mitigating diagnostic delays in these patients.
Delirium Associated with Salicylate and Acetaminophen Overdose in a Patient with COVID-19: A Case Report
Authors: Wen Tyler , Chu Jason , Allenspach Danielle , Van David
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created numerous clinical challenges for physicians, in part due to its wide range of clinical manifestations and associated complications.

Case Report: Here we present the case of a 69-year-old man who was admitted to the emergency department with fever, dyspnea, and altered mental status. We believe the patient’s condition was precipitated by a COVID-19 infection-induced delirium, a setting in which he ingested aspirin and acetaminophen in overdose that required lifesaving interventions.

Conclusion: This case illustrates the potential for neuropsychiatric effects in COVID-19 patients due to both direct viral central nervous system pathology and pandemic-related psychosocial stressors.
An Unusual Case of Tetanus Masquerading as an Acute Abdomen: A Case Report
Authors: Thakur Rahul , Singh Rajshree , Nepal Sabin , Ghimire Prasanna
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Tetanus is an acute onset neurological disease that is often lethal. It has a high disease burden in low and middle-income countries. Tetanus is caused by a toxin made by spores of the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which are found in soil, dust, and animal feces. The toxin impairs the motor neurons leading to muscle stiffness. However, with the development of a toxoid vaccine, the incidence has sharply declined and is now categorized as a vaccine-preventable disease. The treatment of tetanus is primarily supportive and focuses on managing the complications until the effects of toxins resolve.

Case Report: We report the case of a 67-year-old farmer who previously sustained a laceration injury approximately 45 days prior to presenting to the emergency department with abdominal pain and rigidity. After a comprehensive evaluation to rule out other items in the differential diagnoses, he was diagnosed with tetanus based on clinical symptoms and ultimately required mechanical ventilation. The patient was then managed in the intensive care unit and later made an uneventful recovery.

Conclusion: This case illustrates an uncommon presentation of tetanus and the latency of the infectious process. Often when patients present with atypical symptoms, it poses a diagnostic dilemma to the clinicians. Thus, it is very important to carefully elicit a history of contaminated injury. This case also highlights the importance of prophylactic vaccine in low and middle-income countries, which can reduce disease-related mortality and morbidity.
A Case of Bilateral Hearing Loss
Authors: Ryabtsev Boris , Slane Matthew
Published: November 2020

Case Presentation: A 53-year-old male presented to the emergency department with acute onset of bilateral hearing loss as well as vertigo and severe vomiting. The Head Impulse– Nystagmus–Test of Skew exam was indicative of a central neurologic process. Computed tomography angiogram of the head and neck revealed near-total bilateral vertebral artery occlusions in the second and third segments. The patient was admitted for further evaluation; subsequent magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple areas of infarction in the cerebellar hemispheres, medulla, and occipital lobes.

Discussion: This case describes a unique presentation of a posterior stroke. Common symptoms include vertigo, loss of balance, and vomiting. However, bilateral hearing loss as a prominent symptom is uncommon. Imaging revealed a rare finding of bilateral vertebral artery occlusion.
The Effect of Physical Activity on VEGF and HIF-1 Signaling
Authors: Ghahramani Mehran , Razavi Majd Zeinab
Published: November 2020

Context: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the context of research into the physiological roles of VEGF and the most important potential mechanisms that may lead to a temporary decrease in serum VEGF, as well as to perform a desirable conclusion and provide more relevant data from previous research. Methods: In this study, articles were searched in specialized databases and 40 related articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then the effect of physical activity on VEGF and HIF-1 signaling was investigated. Results: Exercise and physical activity by stimulating and activating VEGF and HIF-1 signals may induce generating new arteries and angiogenesis. Conclusions: The present study showed that physical activity increases capillary density by increasing the level of diffusion, increasing the time of exchange between blood and tissue, and decreasing the oxygen diffusion distance. As a result, capillary dilatation and capacity increase and ultimately it improves athletes' performance.
İstanbul’daki Konaklama İşletmelerinin Rekreasyon Faaliyetlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ALBAYRAK Aslı
Published: November 2020

Rekreasyon faaliyetleri gerek konaklama işletmelerinde kalmakta olan gerekse işletmeyi günübirlik kullanmak isteyen misafirler için işletmenin kalitesini, imajını ve çekiciliğini ifade etmektedir. Aynı zamanda rekreasyon faaliyetleri konaklama işletmeleri için önemli bir gelir kaynağı da olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, İstanbul’da faaliyet gösteren beş yıldızlı 82 konaklama işletmesinin web sayfaları rekreasyon faaliyetleri açısından incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda konaklama işletmelerinin oldukça önemli bir kısmının web sayfalarında rekreasyon faaliyetlerine, ilgili sekmelere ve rekreasyon faaliyetlerinin tanıtımına yer vermedikleri görülmüştür.
Dossier: "¿Ha terminado la Guerra Civil? España 1939–1953". Presentación
Authors: Hennigfeld Ursula , Augustin Jenny , Rein Raanan , Thomàs Joan Maria
Published: November 2020

Presentación del dossier "¿Ha terminado la Guerra Civil? España 1939–1953". Presentación
Vaccination against coronavirus: legal issues
Authors: Maslyakov Vladimir Vladimirovich , Portenko Natal'ya Nikoaevna , Pavlova Ol'ga Nikolaevna
Published: November 2020

This article examines the legal issues related to voluntary vaccination against the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19. It is noted that usage of contract with regards to mandatory vaccinations against coronavirus is impossible, as from the legal perspective, signing a contract is voluntary. Therefore, it is necessary to issue the corresponding legislative act that would not only establish the responsibility, but also ensure right for protection of biological database. There is also a need to settle the matter pertaining to storage of the collected biomaterial, as well as monitoring of the process of testing mass vaccination. There are currently no legislative acts on this issue, which necessitates the development of normative legal acts thereof. The article reviews the legal issues related to voluntary vaccination against the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19. There yet multiple unresolved legal issues regarding the application of new vaccine, requirements for its transportation, and storage of biological materials. It is underlined that if a pedagogue, medical employee, or sales person are not vaccinated against coronavirus, the suspension of this category of citizens or refusal to hire is currently unlawful. This is substantiated by the fact that in order for vaccination against any infectious disease (including COVID-19) to be mandatory, it is essential to make amendments to not only the aforementioned legislative act, but also to the framework law of 11.11.2011 No. 323-FZ “On the Fundamentals of Protection of Public Health in the Russian Federation”. These legislative acts should ensure the rights of citizens for refusal of medical treatment overall, as well as refusal of preventive vaccinations in particular.
Comparative analysis of the methods of speech impact in advertising slogans of Chinese and Russian languages
Authors: Kartaleva Anastasiia Sergeevna
Published: November 2020

This article is dedicated to the analysis of slogans in Chinese and Russian languages, as well as the characteristic to each language communicative strategies, for determining similarities and differences of the peculiarities of their implementation. In the course of analysis, the author determined the target focus of advertising text, which in turn, defines the selection of language tools that implement one or another strategy. Having conducted a cross-cultural comparison based on materials of the slogans in Chinese and Russian languages, the author revealed the communication strategies and speech techniques implemented in each text, and calculated the number their occurrences. The scientific novelty consists in discovery of the elements of level structure of speech impact of advertising (communication strategies and speech techniques typical for a particular advertising discourse). The elements are carefully explored and described. This article is first to describe the comparison of communication strategies and speech techniques are also described within the framework of juxtaposition of Russian and Chinese languages. The acquired results demonstrate the impact of communication strategies upon the perception of advertised information, as well as dependence of communication strategies on the cultural aspect.
The category of chronotope in Akathist genre
Authors: Ryadovykh Natal'ya Aleksandrovna
Published: November 2020

The object of this research is the category of chronotope – a significant complex text category that reflects the semantic coordinates of the text and extra-textual reality. The category of chronotope intertwines the isomorphic components of textual time and textual space. The Akathist genre belongs to an insufficiently studied functional religious style. Examination of the category of chronotope in the context of Akathist genre is relevant trend in the modern functional stylistics. The research material contains the texts of Orthodox Akathists dedicated to the canonized saints. The objectivity of scientific research is justified by the choice of texts from various time periods. The author applies the method of categorical-textual analysis, which reveals the linguo-stylistic technique of formation of the components of general communicative-pragmatic meaning of the text. The novelty is defined by the fact that the use of categorical-textual method in the analysis of the Akathist type of text, interpreted as a generalized textual structure with typical genre-forming components, allows determining with a high degree of objectivity the genre specificity of Akathist and religious functional style. As a result of the conducted research, the author highlights the categorical-textual typology of chronotope, which characterizes the systematic uniformity of Akathist texts. The article describes the methods of explication of the sacred, objective (objectively-sacred and objectively-profane), and subjective (subjectively-sacred and subjectively-profane) types of time and space. Temporal indicators and locative units of the determined types of chronotope reconstruct the dichotomy of the divine and the earthly in the Akathist, which is inherent to the Christian worldview and constructively substantiates the uniqueness of the religious functional style. The conducted analysis reveals the communicative-pragmatic focus of the complex textual category of chronotope. The research materials can be used as an illustrative textbook in the practical course of the stylistics of modern Russian language.
Process deviation based electrical model of voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy magnetic tunnel junction and its application in read/write circuits
Authors: Jin Dong-Yue , Chen Hu , Wang You , Zhang Wan-Rong , Na Wei-Cong , Guo Bin , Wu Ling , Yang Shao-Meng , Sun Sheng ,   Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China,   Microelectronics Institute, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Published: November 2020

As one of the primary elements in magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM), voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy magnetic tunnel junction (VCMA-MTJ) has received wide attention due to its fast read and write speed, low power dissipation, and compatibility with standard CMOS technology. However, with the downscaling of VCMA-MTJ and the increasing of storage density of MRAM, the effect of process deviation on the characteristics of MTJ becomes more and more obvious, which even leads to Read/Write (R/W) error in VCMA-MTJ circuits. Taking into account the depth deviation of the free layer (γtf) and the depth deviation of the oxide barrier layer (γtox) in magnetron sputtering technique as well as the etching process stability factor (α) caused by the sidewall re-deposition layer in the ion beam etching process, the electrical model of VCMA-MTJ with process deviation is presented in the paper. It is shown that the VCMA-MTJ cannot achieve the effective reversal of the magnetization direction when γtf ≥ 13% and γtox ≥ 11%. The precession of magnetization direction in VCMA-MTJ also becomes instable when α ≤ 0.7. Furthermore, the electrical model of VCMA-MTJ with process deviation is also applied to the R/W circuit to study the effect of process deviation on the R/W error in the circuit. Considering the fact that all of γtf, γtox, and α follow Gauss distribution, The 3σ/μ is adopted to represent the process deviation, with using Monte Carlo simulation, where σ is the standard deviation, and μ is the average value. It is shown that the write error of the circuit goes up to 30 % with 3σ/μ of 0.05 and the voltage (Vb) of 1.15 V. At the same time, the read error of the circuit is 20% with 3σ/μ of 0.05 and driving voltage (Vdd) of 0.6 V. Both the read error rate and the write error rate of the VCMA-MTJ circuit increase as process deviation increases. It is found that the write error rate can be effectively reduced by increasing Vb and reducing the voltage pulse width (tpw). The increasing of Vdd is helpful in reducing the read error rate effectively. Our research presents a useful guideline for designing and analyzing the VCMA-MTJ and VCMA-MTJ read/write circuits.
Quantum signature for designated verifier with strong security
Authors: Rong Min-Xi , Xin Xiang-Jun , Li Fa-Gen ,   College of Mathematics and Information Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China,   School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
Published: November 2020

Most of the classical designated verifier signature schemes are insecure against quantum adversary. In this paper, a quantum signature scheme for the designated verifier is proposed. In our scheme, during the initialization phase, the partners share secret keys by performing the quantum key distribution protocol. On the other hand, by performing the quantum direct communication protocol, the key generator center shares secret keys with the signer and the designated verifier, respectively. The key generator center generates a particle sequence of Bell state and distributes the particles between the signer and the designated verifier. During the signature generation phase, the signer encrypts the particle sequence by the secret keys and Hardmard operators. After that, the signer performs the controlled unitary operations on the encrypted particle sequence so as to generate the quantum signature. The designated verifier can simulate the quantum signature by performing the same symmetric signing steps as that performed by the original signer. Hence, the quantum signature signed by the true signer is the same as the one simulated by the receiver, which makes our scheme possess the designated properties. During the signature verification phase, the designated verifier performs the controlled unitary operations on the quantum signature and obtains the quantum ciphertexts. After that, the designated verifier decrypts the quantum ciphertexts by the symmetric secret keys and Hardmard operators so that the quantum signature can be verified. Our signature is secure against forgery attack, inter-resending attacks and Trojan horse attack. Because the trace distance between the density operators of different quantum signatures is zero, the information-theoretical security of our quantum signature scheme can be proved. The unconditionally secure quantum key distribution protocol and the one-time pad encryption algorithm can guarantee the security of the secret keys shared by the partners. What is more, the security assumption about the key generation center is weak. That is, it is not necessary to assume that the key generation center should be fully trusted. On the other hand, in our scheme, the quantum one-way function is not used. To generate a quantum signature, the signer need not prepare for entangled particle sequence. To verify a quantum signature, the verifier need not apply any state comparison to the received particles. The qubit efficiency is 100%. Therefore, our scheme has the advantages in the security and efficiency over the other quantum signature schemes for the designated verifier.
Effect of toroidal rotation on plasma response to resonant magnetic perturbations in HL-2A
Authors: Chen Xie-Yu , Mou Mao-Lin , Su Chun-Yan , Chen Shao-Yong , Tang Chang-Jian ,   College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China,   Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics and Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Published: November 2020

Resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP), generated by externally applied magnetic perturbation coils, is an important method of controlling plasma edge localized mode. Many experiments have shown that RMP can effectively mitigate/suppress edge localized mode, but its intrinsic physical mechanism is not completely clear. The response of plasma to RMP is the key to understanding the RMP physics. In the presence of RMP, the circumferential symmetry of the tokamak magnetic field will be broken, forming a new three-dimensional(3D) equilibrium, and this process is called the plasma response to RMP. Currently, the parameter range and control effect of RMPs to control edge localized mode on different devices are quite different, implying that the plasma response to RMPs has different response results in different parameter ranges on different devices. Therefore, it is necessary to study the RMP response characteristics of specific devices.

In this work, the effect of the plasma rotation frequency on the linear response process of plasma to the resonant magnetic perturbations is investigated in the framework of MARS-F in the HL-2A configuration, and the physical reasons are analyzed in detail. It is found that the shielding and amplification effects in plasma response do not change linearly with plasma rotation frequency, since the plasma resistivity plays an important role. The shielding effect for the magnetic perturbation on the rational surface is enhanced with the increase of the rotation frequency in the high rotation frequency range. However, this rule no longer holds true in the low rotation frequency range due to the deviation of the strongest shielding position from the rational surface caused by the plasma resistivity. As for the amplification effect, the resistivity weakens the amplification effect of plasma response due to the dissipation of induced current. The variation trend of the amplification effect with the rotation frequency and resistivity is consistent with that of the core-kink response, which indicates that the amplification effect of the magnetic perturbation is mainly caused by the core-kink response.
Cellular automata ray tracing in two-dimensional aero-optical flow fields
Authors: Luo Liang , Xia Hui , Liu Jun-Sheng , Fei Jia-Le , Xie Wen-Ke ,   School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China,   The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
Published: November 2020

For the supersonic flow field with large density fluctuation produced by the unsteady flow and turbulent large-scale structures, an effective method to obtain the beam path is to solve the ray equation. Then the optical path difference (OPD), Strehl ratio (SR), optical transmission function (OTF), etc. can be obtained to analyze the optical distortion, and the correction of aero optics effects can be realized to improve the optical system performance. Generally, when the refractive index distribution is arbitrary, the ray equation analytic solution is difficult to obtain.

Cellular automata (CA) ray tracing algorithm is proposed in this paper for aero-optical calculation in the 2D discrete flow fields. Unlike numerically solving the ray equation (NSRE), the coordinate value and the offset angle are calculated according to the position and direction transformation rules in CA algorithm. The position transformation rule is used to obtain the end point of the beam vector and determine whether the offset angle needs calculating at each iteration, the direction transformation rule is to calculate the offset angles. Then the refractive index field is integrated along the beam path to obtain the optical path length (OPL). The OPD is calculated from OPL. In this paper, aero-optical calculation is based on two types of flow fields. The supersonic shear layer including supersonic mixing layer and boundary layer 2D density distribution is measured by the nano-tracer-based planar laser scattering (NPLS) technique. The supersonic flow field surrounding the optical dome is simulated based on detached-eddy simulation (DES).

The OPDrms and program running time quantitatively verify the calculation accuracy and high efficiency of CA. The results show that for the 2D supersonic NPLS flow field and the 2D supersonic flow field surrounding the optical dome, the calculation accuracy of CA is approximately equal to NSRE. Moreover, we find that the program running time of NSRE is about four times that of the CA algorithm, so the efficiency of ray tracing is effectively improved. Thus, the CA algorithm provides a new scheme for aero-optical calculation in the 2D supersonic flow field. Meanwhile, it also provides a guideline for the research on the ray tracing in 3D discrete aero-optical flow field.