bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Mechanics of Disordered Solids
Authors: Bamer Franz , Ebrahem Firaz , Markert Bernd , Stamm Benjamin
Published: January 2023

Disordered solids are ubiquitous in engineering and everyday use. Although research has made considerable progress in the last decades, our understanding of the mechanics of these materials is, at best, in an embryonic state. Since the nature of disorder complicates the realization of physically meaningful continuum-mechanical models, particle-based molecular descriptions provide a powerful alternative. This paper reviews the numerical realization of classical molecular dynamics from an engineer’s perspective, starting with selecting potential functions, boundary conditions, time integration, and thermodynamic ensembles. Then, we discuss the concept of the potential energy landscape and the computational realization of the most suitable minimization methods. Subsequently, we discuss the algorithms necessary to numerically generate disordered materials, considering their thermodynamic properties and structural identification. We comprehensively and critically review computational methods and strategies available to mimic disordered materials on a molecular level and discuss some intriguing phenomena that are, to date, mostly ignored when applying models based on continuum-mechanical frameworks. We present the crucial difference between the shear response of a crystalline and a disordered structure. In this context, we elaborate on why it is beneficial to use an overdamped, athermal description to disentangle the complex deformation mechanics of disordered solids and comprehensively discuss the theory of the mechanics of disordered materials, including the problems of prediction and reversibility. Furthermore, we examine the fracture process on the nanoscale and investigate the response behavior to more complex deformation protocols. Finally, we provide critical conclusions, including challenges and future perspectives for engineers.
Modularity in Nervous Systems—a Key to Efficient Adaptivity for Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Schilling Malte , Hammer Barbara , Ohl Frank W. , Ritter Helge J. , Wiskott Laurenz
Published: January 2023

Modularity as observed in biological systems has proven valuable for guiding classical motor theories towards good answers about action selection and execution. New challenges arise when we turn to learning: Trying to scale current computational models, such as deep reinforcement learning (DRL), to action spaces, input dimensions, and time horizons seen in biological systems still faces severe obstacles unless vast amounts of training data are available. This leads to the question: does biological modularity also hold an important key for better answers to obtain efficient adaptivity for deep reinforcement learning? We review biological experimental work on modularity in biological motor control and link this with current examples of (deep) RL approaches. Analyzing outcomes of simulation studies, we show that these approaches benefit from forms of modularization as found in biological systems. We identify three different strands of modularity exhibited in biological control systems. Two of them—modularity in state (i) and in action (ii) spaces—appear as a consequence of local interconnectivity (as in reflexes) and are often modulated by higher levels in a control hierarchy. A third strand arises from chunking of action elements along a (iii) temporal dimension. Usually interacting in an overarching spatio-temporal hierarchy of the overall system, the three strands offer major “factors” decomposing the entire modularity structure. We conclude that modularity with its above strands can provide an effective prior for DRL approaches to speed up learning considerably and making learned controllers more robust and adaptive.
Student motivation and engagement in maker activities under the lens of the Activity Theory: a case study in a primary school
Authors: Nikou Stavros A.
Published: January 2023

Makerspaces are an area that is of increasing interest in education. While studies exist about makerspaces in tertiary education, not many studies have explored makerspaces in primary and secondary education. The current study focuses on pupils’ motivation and engagement in makerspace activities—digital fabrication and physical computing—in the context of a primary school, using the Activity Theory as its theoretical framework. The study follows an explanatory sequential mixed methods design. Primary school pupils participated in a six-week design-based makerspace programme in a Fablab and a school computer lab, and they completed a survey and participated in focus group discussions afterwards. Both quantitative and qualitative findings showed that pupils perceive maker activities as being motivating (in terms of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, interest/enjoyment, satisfaction) and engaging (in terms of behavioural, cognitive, emotional, and social engagement). The Activity Theory provides further insights on how motivation and engagement in makerspaces relate to the components of the activity system. The study advocates for the use of maker activities in the primary classroom. Implications on educational practices and future research are discussed.
Electronic Health Records That Support Health Professional Reflective Practice: a Missed Opportunity in Digital Health
Authors: Janssen Anna , Kay Judy , Talic Stella , Pusic Martin , Birnbaum Robert J. , Cavalcanti Rodrigo , Gasevic Dragan , Shaw Tim
Published: January 2023

A foundational component of digital health involves collecting and leveraging electronic health data to improve health and wellbeing. One of the central technologies for collecting these data are electronic health records (EHRs). In this commentary, the authors explore intersection between digital health and data-driven reflective practice that is described, including an overview of the role of EHRs underpinning technology innovation in healthcare. Subsequently, they argue that EHRs are a rich but under-utilised source of information on the performance of health professionals and healthcare teams that could be harnessed to support reflective practice and behaviour change. EHRs currently act as systems of data collection, not systems of data engagement and reflection by end users such as health professionals and healthcare organisations. Further consideration should be given to supporting reflective practice by health professionals in the design of EHRs and other clinical information systems.
Application of hybrid SFLA-ACO algorithm and CAM softwares for optimization of drilling tool path problems
Authors: Mehmood Nasir , Umer Muhammad , Asgher Umer
Published: January 2023

In drilling process almost seventy percent time is spent in tool switching and moving the spindle from one hole to the other. This time travel is non productive as it does not take part in actual drilling process. Therefore, this non productive time needs to be optimized. Different metaheuristic algorithms have been applied to minimize this non productive tool travel time. In this study, two metaheuristic approaches, shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA) and ant colony optimization (ACO) have been hybridized. In industry, the CAM softwares are employed for minimization of non productive tool travel time and it is considered that the path obtained by using the CAM softwares is the optimized path. However this is not the case in all problems. In order to show the contribution of the SFLA-ACO algorithm and to prove that results achieved through CAM softwares are not always optimized, hybrid SFLA-ACO algorithm has been applied to two drilling problems as case studies with the main objective of minimization of non productive tool travel time. The drilling problems which are taken from the manufacturing industry include ventilator manifold problem and lift axle mounting bracket problem. The results of hybrid SFLA-ACO algorithm have been compared with the results of commercially available computer aided manufacturing (CAM) software. For comparison purpose, the CAM softwares used are Creo 6.0, Pro E, Siemens NX and Solidworks. The comparison shows that the results of proposed hybrid SFLA-ACO algorithm are better than commercially available CAM softwares in both real world manufacturing problems.

Article highlights

Different optimization techniques are being used for optimization of drilling tool path problems. In this paper two techniques SFLA and ACO has been combined to form a hybrid SFLA-ACO algorithm and has been applied to the real world industrial problems.

Two real world problems have been taken from the local manufacturing industries. In both the problems the objective is to optimize the tool traveling time through hybrid SFLA-ACO and compare it with CAM software.

Four CAM softwares have been used for comparison purpose. The problems undertaken are solved through these CAM software and compared with the results of hybrid SFLA-ACO results. As result of comparison it is found that in both the problems the performance of hybrid SFLA-ACO algorithm remains outclass. This signifies that results of CAM software in case of optimization of drilling tool path are not always optimal and these can be improved by using different optimization techniques.
A Clinician's Guide to Statistics in Mental Health
Authors: Ghaemi S. Nassir
Published: January 2023

The second edition of a clear and accessible guide to the application of statistics in psychiatric practice. The book expertly describes statistical concepts in clear and simple terms, with minimal mathematical content, making it the ideal resource for busy mental health professionals. Fully revised throughout, it features five new chapters covering key advances in the field and important topics in greater detail. Amongst the key concepts discussed in this edition are the logic of randomization, clinical trials, the overuse of p-values, understanding effect sizes, meta-analysis and why clinical experience is limited by observational confounding bias. Featuring a wealth of clinical examples, on topics of high importance or controversy in psychiatry, plus explanations and reasoning, to give clinicians a better understanding of how to apply research to their practice.
Markets on the Margins
Authors: Philip Kate
Published: January 2023

Examines more than a decade of enterprise development strategies in marginal economic contexts in South Africa's mining communities and shows how this might impact on development strategies.
Castles and Space in Malory's Morte Darthur
Authors: Martin Molly
Published: January 2023

A first full-length study of these crucial buildings in the Morte, looking at the interplay between characters and space.
Levodopa-induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson’s Disease: Plausible Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
Authors: Sarkar Swagata , Roy Akash , Choudhury Supriyo , Banerjee Rebecca , Dey Sanjit , Kumar Hrishikesh
Published: January 2023

Background:

Pathophysiology of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) remains obscure. Increased dopamine metabolism due to prolonged levodopa treatment can exacerbate oxidative damage and neuroinflammatory pathology in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Association of novel peripheral markers with LID severity might provide insight into LID pathomechanisms.

Objective:

We aimed to study specific peripheral blood inflammatory-oxidative markers in LID patients and investigate their association with clinical severity of LID.

Method:

Motor, non-motor and cognitive changes in PD with and without LID compared to healthy-matched controls were identified. Within the same cohort, inflammatory marker (sLAG3, TOLLIP, NLRP3 and IL-1β) levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were determined by ELISA and spectrophotometric methods.

Results:

LID patients showed distinctly upregulated TOLLIP, IL-1β levels with significant diminution of antioxidant activity compared to controls. Significant negative association of cognitive markers with oxidative changes was also observed.

Conclusion:

To our understanding, this is the first study that indicates the involvement of toll-like receptor-mediated distinct and low-grade inflammatory activation in LID pathophysiology.
Role of turbulent kinetic energy modulation by particle–fluid interaction in sediment pick-up
Authors: Keetels Geert H. , Chauchat Julien , Breugem Wim-Paul
Published: January 2023

Reliable prediction of the erosion rate of sediment beds is important for many applications in coastal and river engineering. Theoretical understanding of empirically derived scaling relations is still lacking. This applies in particular for the scaling anomaly between low and high Shields number conditions. In this work, the erosion process is studied from the perspective of the phase-averaged turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) equations. The multi-phase TKE equations are written in a form that allows for a direct comparison with the TKE equation that appears for a stratified single-phase flow under the Boussinesq approximation. This reveals that next to buoyancy destruction, several other TKE modulation mechanisms become important at high Shields numbers and concentrations. Two scaling laws are derived for both moderate and high Shields numbers, and are tested against a wide range of experimental data.
Quality issues in co-authorship data of a national scientific community
Authors: De Stefano Domenico , Fuccella Vittorio , Vitale Maria Prosperina , Zaccarin Susanna
Published: January 2023

A stream of research on co-authorship, used as a proxy of scholars’ collaborative behavior, focuses on members of a given scientific community defined at discipline and/or national basis for which co-authorship data have to be retrieved. Recent literature pointed out that international digital libraries provide partial coverage of the entire scholar scientific production as well as under-coverage of the scholars in the community. Bias in retrieving co-authorship data of the community of interest can affect network construction and network measures in several ways, providing a partial picture of the real collaboration in writing papers among scholars. In this contribution, we collected bibliographic records of Italian academic statisticians from an online platform (IRIS) available at most universities. Even if it guarantees a high coverage rate of our population and its scientific production, it is necessary to deal with some data quality issues. Thus, a web scraping procedure based on a semi-automatic tool to retrieve publication metadata, as well as data management tools to detect duplicate records and to reconcile authors, is proposed. As a result of our procedure, it emerged that collaboration is an active and increasing practice for Italian academic statisticians with some differences according to the gender, the academic ranking, and the university location of scholars. The heuristic procedure to accomplish data quality issues in the IRIS platform can represent a working case report to adapt to other bibliographic archives with similar characteristics.
The Environmental Transformation of “Empty Space”: From Desert to Forest in the Landes of Southwestern France
Authors: Ford Caroline
Published: January 2023

This article explores the environmental transformation of the moorland (landes) of southwestern France from a much maligned “wilderness” or “empty space” to a forested landscape coveted for its productive potential as well as its aesthetic beauty. This occurred in two stages from the eighteenth century to the present and was effected by the French state and local landowners. It bears resemblance to processes of environmental change in North America, Central Asia, and Africa, where states and colonial or imperial powers took measures to develop alleged empty spaces through seizure, development, and settlement. Drawing on paradigms of colonial rule and Henri Lefebvre’s theory regarding the production of space, the article examines the eradication of the “wilderness” of the region of the Landes, which led to the displacement of its pastoral populations and the end of their way of life. It explores the role of technology in consolidating the power of territorial states and empires and the significance of the parallels that can be drawn between the Landes and France’s overseas empire. Finally, it attests to the porosity of the boundary between man-made and natural landscapes, while illuminating the process by which the artificial forested landscape of the Landes ironically came to be redefined and revalorized as “natural” national heritage that was ripe for environmental protection by the second half of the twentieth century.
Exchange: A Signature Pedagogy for American Studies in the UK
Authors: PLATH LYDIA , DUCLOS-ORSELLO ELIZABETH , EMMETT HILARY , KING NICOLE , TOTH GYORGY , STONE REBECCA , WARD JON
Published: January 2023

What does it mean to teach American studies in UK higher education? We teach “American” content in our classes, modules, and degree programmes, but do we also conduct our teaching in ways specific to American studies? Lee Shulman describes a “signature pedagogy” as “the forms of instruction that leap to mind when we first think about the preparation of members of particular professions,” encompassing both the types of teaching we conduct in our classrooms and the assumptions and values that underpin that practice. Initial conversations about the concept of a signature pedagogy for American studies in the UK were held in a session organized by Lydia Plath on behalf of the Teaching American Studies Network at the Digital BAAS Conference in 2021, in the midst of a global pandemic that required all of us to reflect on our teaching practice. Building on that earlier conversation, this exchange was conducted between February and July 2022. The discussion explores American studies pedagogical approaches through the assumptions, beliefs, and values that underpin our teaching; the challenges of multi- and interdisciplinarity; and questions of identity, inclusion, and national context.
Gold Standard
Authors: WHITFIELD STEPHEN J.
Published: January 2023

The subjects of these two books basically belonged to the same generation. Philip Rahv (1908–73) and Michael Gold (1894–1967) shared origins in the Jewish lower class, and rose to literary prominence during the Great Depression. But from the perspective of posterity, what especially links their names is the notion of “proletarian literature.” In novels and short stories, in sketches and poetry, in drama and reportage, the writers who generally accepted this label repudiated the genteel tradition that had crested in the late Victorian era. To be sure, that decorous era of belles lettres had always been contested. It had its outliers – most famously Mark Twain. The list of those who troubled the taste of the era also included, among younger writers, the barely housebroken Theodore Dreiser and Jack London.
Exploring Roman picture lamp breakage rituals in light of mechanical experimentation
Authors: Lapp Eric C.
Published: January 2023

Intentionally broken “picture” lamps, or Bildlampen, are relatively common at archaeological sites throughout the Roman world. Such lamps typically exhibit a missing central discus. The discus itself – called a lamp “medallion” – often survives, too, and represents further evidence for deliberate lamp breakage. This article explores picture lamps with missing discuses and lamp medallions as a distinct and identifiable artifact group. It also surveys the possible reasons behind their intentional breaking. The work additionally identifies selected findspots where the lighting vessels were broken in rituals, with a special focus on the Shrine of Apollo at Tyre, and examines whether lamp breakage reflects individual choice or collective behavior. In an effort to understand how Roman picture lamps were deliberately broken and the lamp medallions generated for rituals, breakage experiments – drop, impact, puncture, and hammerstone – were conducted on accurate museum-made replicas of Roman picture lamps.
Price-level determinacy and monetary policy in a model with money and trend inflation
Authors: Qureshi Irfan A.
Published: January 2023

I examine how money and trend inflation shaped US macroeconomic dynamics during the Great Inflation. I develop a business cycle model with positive trend inflation where money is allowed (but not required) to play a role in determining the equilibrium values of inflation and output through non-separable utility, adjustment costs for holding real balances, and the monetary policy reaction function. The Taylor principle changes in this environment. Targeting money guarantees price determinacy even with trend inflation, but these results are sensitive to the inclusion of non-separability and portfolio adjustment costs. The framework is combined with Greenbook data that detect the role of money in the policy reaction function. The response to money was likely not sufficiently strong to complement the reaction to inflation and counteract the high trend inflation observed during the pre-Volcker period, which most likely led to price indeterminacy.
Episodic accretion onto a protostar
Authors: Hanawa Tomoyuki , Sakai Nami , Yamamoto Satoshi
Published: January 2023

We introduce hydrodynamic simulations in which a protostar captures a cloudlet with a relatively small angular momentum. The cloudlet accretes onto the protostar and perturbs the gas disk rotating around the protostar. This cloudlet capture can reproduce some features observed in the molecular emission lines from TMC-1A. First, the cloudlet can reproduce the blue asymmetry observed in the CS emission. Second, the cloudlet can explain the slow infall observed in the C18O emission. Third, the impact of the cloudlet can explain the offset of the SO emission from the disk center. We also argue that a warm gas should confine the cloudlet through pressure. A protostar may obtain substantial mass by capturing cloudlets.
Simulations of the reionization of the clumpy intergalactic medium with a novel particle-based two-moment radiative transfer scheme
Authors: Chan Tsang Keung , Benitez-Llambay Alejandro , Theuns Tom , Frenk Carlos
Published: January 2023

The progress of cosmic reionization depends on the presence of over-dense regions that act as photon sinks. Such sinks may slow down ionization fronts as compared to a uniform intergalactic medium (IGM) by increasing the clumping factor. We present simulations of reionization in a clumpy IGM resolving even the smallest sinks. The simulations use a novel, spatially adaptive and efficient radiative transfer implementation in the SWIFT SPH code, based on the two-moment method. We find that photon sinks can increase the clumping factor by a factor of ∼10 during the first ∼100 Myrs after the passage of an ionization front. After this time, the clumping factor decreases as the smaller sinks photoevaporate. Altogether, photon sinks increase the number of photons required to reionize the Universe by a factor of η ∼2, as compared to the homogeneous case. The value of η also depends on the emissivity of the ionizing sources.
The CNN classification of galaxies by their image morphological peculiarities
Authors: Dobrycheva D. , Khramtsov V. , Vasylenko M. , Vavilova I.
Published: January 2023

Multidimensional mathematical analysis, like Machine Learning techniques, determines the different features of objects, which is difficult for the human mind. We create a machine learning model to predict galaxies’ detailed morphology (∼ 300000 SDSS-galaxies with z < 0.1) and train it on a labeled dataset defined within the Galaxy Zoo 2 (GZ2). We use convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to classify the galaxies into five visual types (completely rounded, rounded in-between, smooth cigar-shaped, edge-on, and spiral) and 34 morphological classes attaining >94% of accuracy for five-class morphology prediction except for the cigar-shaped (∼ 87%) galaxies.
Plasmoid Dominated Magnetic Reconnection and Particle Acceleration
Authors: Paul Arghyadeep , Nandy Sirsha , Vaidya Bhargav
Published: January 2023

The effect of a parallel velocity shear on the explosive phase of magnetic reconnection in a double tearing mode is investigated within the 2D resistive magneto-hydrodynamic framework. All the systems follow a three phase evolution pattern with the phases delayed in time for an increasing shear speed. We find that the theoretical dependence of the reconnection rate with shear remains true in more general scenarios such as that of a plasmoid dominated double current sheet system. We also find that the power-law distribution of plasmoid sizes become steeper with an increasing sub-Alfvénic shear. We further demonstrate the effect of a velocity shear on acceleration of test particles pertaining to the modification in the energy spectrum.
A New Code for Relativistic Hydrodynamics and its Application to FR II Radio Jets
Authors: Seo Jeongbhin , Kang Hyesung , Ryu Dongsu
Published: January 2023

To study the dynamics of relativistic flows in astrophysical objects such as radio jets, we have developed a new special relativistic hydrodynamic (RHD) code based on the weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme, a high-order finite difference scheme. The code includes different WENO versions, and high-order time integration methods such as the 4th-order accurate Runge-Kutta (RK4) and strong stability preserving RK (SSPRK), as well as the equations of state (EOSs) that closely approximate the EOS of the single-component perfect gas in relativistic regime. Additionally, it is optimized for the reproduction of complex structures in multi-dimensional flows, and implements a modification of eigenvalues for the acoustic modes to effectively control carbuncle instability. As the first application of the code, we have simulated ultra-relativistic jets of FR II radio galaxies, and studied the nonlinear flow structures, such as shocks, velocity shear, and turbulence, through large-scale.
PRESTALINE: A package for analysis and simulation of star forming regions
Authors: Van Looveren G. , Kochina O. V. , Wiebe D. S.
Published: January 2023

PRESTALINE is a package allowing a user to simulate and analyse spectra of various astrophysical objects. The package is based on the numerical models PRESTA (Kochina & Wiebe (2017)) and RADEX (van der Tak et al. (2007)). PRESTALINE provides the direct comparison of theoretical models with observations and allows estimating physical conditions in a studied object, such as kinetic temperature and chemical composition. Here we present the results of applying PRESTALINE to the test object DR21(OH) and discuss possible applications and future extensions of the project.
Detecting vortices in fluid dynamics simulations using computer vision
Authors: Rometsch Thomas
Published: January 2023

Vortices are patches of fluid revolving around a central axis. They are ubiquitous in fluid dynamics. To the human eye, detecting vortices is a trivial task thanks to our inherent ability to identify patterns. To solve this task automatically, we developed the Vortector pipeline which was used to identify and characterize vortices in around one million snapshots of planet-disk interaction simulations in the context of planet formation. From the emergence of two regimes of vortex lifetime, one of which shows very long-lived vortices, we conclude that future resolved disk observations will predominantly detect vortices in the outer parts of protoplanetary disks.
Long-Term Evolution of Convectively Unstable Disk
Authors: Maksimova Lomara , Pavlyuchenkov Yaroslav
Published: January 2023

We continue studying convection as a possible factor of episodic accretion in protoplanetary disks. Within the model of a viscous disk, the accretion history is analyzed at different rates and regions of matter inflow from the envelope onto the disk. It is shown that the burst-like regime occurs in a wide range of parameters. The long-term evolution of the disk is modeled, including the decreasing-with-time matter inflow from the envelope. It is demonstrated that the disk becomes convectively unstable and maintains burst-like accretion onto the star for several million years. The general conclusion of the study is that convection can serve as one of the mechanisms of episodic accretion in protostellar disks, but this conclusion needs to be verified using more consistent hydrodynamic models.
Velocity-space substructures and bar resonances in an N-body Milky Way
Authors: Asano Tetsuro , Fujii Michiko S. , Baba Junich , Bédorf Jeroen , Sellentin Elena , Portegies Zwart Simon
Published: January 2023

The velocity-space distribution of the solar neighborhood stars shows complex substructures (moving groups) including the well-known Hercules stream. Recently, the Gaia observation revealed their detailed structures, but their origins are still in debate. We analyzed a high-resolution N-body simulation of a Milky Way (MW)-like galaxy. To find velocity-space distributions similar to that of the solar neighborhood stars, we used Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD), which is a metric to measure similarities between probability distributions. The KLD analysis shows the time evolution and the spatial variation of the velocity-space distribution. Velocity-space distributions with small KLDs (i.e. high similarities) are frequently but not always detected around in the simulated MW. In the velocity-map with smallest KLD, the velocity-space substructures are made from bar resonances.
Feedback from the Vicinity of Massive Protostars in the First Star Formation
Authors: Kimura Kazutaka
Published: January 2023

Many simulations have been performed to elucidate the formation process of first stars. In first star formation, radiative feedback is a key process in determining stellar masses. However, previous simulations which follow the feedback process don’t resolve the small scale ( 10 AU) to realize long-term calculation, and the structure near massive protostars is still unknown. To clarify how the radiation from the protostar works, we need to resolve small scale and calculate the interaction between the radiation and the dense gas in such a region. As a first step towards understanding the phenomenon in this region, we perform the high-resolution simulation around the massive protostar without radiative transfer. We find that dense gas covers the protostar even in the polar direction and the HII region cannot expand. Solving the radiative transfer for getting accurate results is our future work. We are currently developing the new radiation hydrodynamics code for that.
Numerical modelling of X-shaped radio galaxies using back-flow model
Authors: Giri Gourab , Vaidya Bhargav
Published: January 2023

The focus of this work is to comprehensively understand hydro-dynamical back-flows and their role in dynamics and non-thermal spectral signatures particularly during the initial phase of X-shaped radio galaxies. In this regard, we have performed axisymmetric (2D) and three dimensional (3D) simulations of relativistic magneto-hydrodynamic jet propagation from tri-axial galaxies. High-resolution dynamical modelling of axisymmetric jets has demonstrated the effect of magnetic field strengths on lobe and wing formation. Distinct X-shape formation due to back-flow and pressure gradient of ambient is also observed in our 3D dynamical run. Furthermore, the effect of radiative losses and diffusive shock acceleration on the particle spectral evolution is demonstrated, which particularly highlights how crucial their contributions are in the emission signature of these galaxies. This imparts a significant effect on the galaxy’s equipartition condition, indicating that one must be careful in extending its use in estimating other parameters, as the criterion evolves with time.
Hydrodynamic Simulations and Time-dependent Photoionization Modeling of Starburst-driven Superwinds
Authors: Danehkar A. , Oey M. S. , Gray W. J.
Published: January 2023

Thermal energies deposited by OB stellar clusters in starburst galaxies lead to the formation of galactic superwinds. Multi-wavelength observations of starburst-driven superwinds pointed at complex thermal and ionization structures which cannot adequately be explained by simple adiabatic assumptions. In this study, we perform hydrodynamic simulations of a fluid model coupled to radiative cooling functions, and generate time-dependent non-equilibrium photoionization models to predict physical conditions and ionization structures of superwinds using the maihem atomic and cooling package built on the program flash. Time-dependent ionization states and physical conditions produced by our simulations are used to calculate the emission lines of superwinds for various parameters, which allow us to explore implications of non-equilibrium ionization for starburst regions with potential radiative cooling.
Applicability of the Bulirsch-Stoer algorithm in the circular restricted three-body problem
Authors: Demidova Tatiana
Published: January 2023

The dynamics of massless planetesimals in the gravitational field of a star with a planet in a circular orbit is considered. The invariant of this problem is the Jacobi integral. Preserving the value of the Jacobi integral can be a test for numerical algorithms solving the equation of motion. The invariant changes for particles in the planetary chaotic zone due to numerical errors that occur during close encounters with the planet. The limiting distances from the planet, upon reaching which the value of the Jacobi integral changes, are determined for Bulirsch-Stoer algorithm. It is shown that violation of the Jacobi integral can be used to define the boundaries of the planetary chaotic zone.
Heliosphere in the Local Interstellar Medium
Authors: Pogorelov Nikolai V.
Published: January 2023

The Sun moves with respect to the local interstellar medium (LISM) and modifies its properties to heliocentric distances as large as 1 pc. The solar wind (SW) is affected by penetration of the LISM neutral particles, especially H and He atoms. Charge exchange between the LISM atoms and SW ions creates pickup ions (PUIs) and secondary neutral atoms that can propagate deep into the LISM. Neutral atoms measured at 1 au can provide us with valuable information on the properties of pristine LISM. Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft perform in situ measurements of the LISM perturbed by the presence of the heliosphere and relate them to the unperturbed region. We discuss observational data and numerical simulations that shed light onto the mutual influence of the SW and LISM. Physical phenomena accompanying the SW–LISM interaction are discussed, including the coupling of the heliospheric and interstellar magnetic field at the heliopause.
Interplay of various particle acceleration processes in astrophysical environment
Authors: Kundu Sayan , Vaidya Bhargav
Published: January 2023

Astrophysical systems possess various sites of particle acceleration, which gives rise to the observed non-thermal spectra. Diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) and stochastic turbulent acceleration (STA) are the candidates for producing very high energy particles in weakly magnetized regions. While DSA is a systematic acceleration process, STA is a random energization process, usually modelled as a biased random walk in energy space with a Fokker-Planck equation. In astrophysical systems, different acceleration processes work in an integrated manner along with various energy losses.

Here we study the interplay of both STA and DSA in addition to various energy losses, in a simulated RMHD jet cocoon. Further, we consider a phenomenologically motivated STA timescale and discuss its effect on the emission profile of the RMHD jet. A parametric study on the turbulent acceleration timescale is also conducted to showcase the effect of turbulence damping on the emission structure of the simulated jet.
Dynamical evolution modeling of the Collinder 135 & UBC 7 binary star cluster
Authors: Ishchenko Marina , Berczik Peter , Kharchenko Nina
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the present work is a detailed investigation of the dynamical evolution of Collinder 135 and UBC 7 star clusters. We present a set of dynamical numerical simulations using realistic star cluster -body modeling technique with the forward integration of the star-by-star cluster models to the present day, based on best-available 3D coordinates and velocities obtained from the latest Gaia EDR3 data release. We have established that Collinder 135 and UBC 7 are probably a binary star cluster and have common origin. We carried out a full star-by-star N-body simulation of the stellar population of both clusters using the new algorithm of Single Stellar Evolution and performed a comparison of the results obtained in the observational data (like cumulative number counts), which showed a fairly good agreement.
Modeling gravitational few-body problems with tsunami and okinami
Authors: Trani Alessandro A. , Spera Mario
Published: January 2023

In recent years, an increasing amount of attention is being paid to the gravitational few-body problem and its applications to astrophysical scenarios. Among the main reasons for this renewed interest there is large number of newly discovered exoplanets and the detection of gravitational waves. Here, we present two numerical codes to model three- and few-body systems, called tsunami and okinami. The tsunami code is a direct few-body code with algorithmic regularization, tidal forces and post-Newtonian corrections. okinami is a secular, double-averaged code for stable hierarchical triples. We describe the main methods implemented in our codes, and review our recent results and applications to gravitational-wave astronomy, planetary science and statistical escape theories.
Detecting cosmic filamentary network with stochastic Bisous model
Authors: Mihkel Muru Moorits
Published: January 2023

The Bisous model is a tool that uses stochastic methods to detect the network of galactic filaments. This model is explicitly developed to detect the structure from observational data, using only galaxy positions as input. This paper shows that the Bisous model gives reliable results and including photometric data improves the resulting filamentary network. We used MultiDark-Galaxies catalogue to create a mock with photometric redshifts and samples with different galaxy number densities. We found that the filaments detected with the Bisous model are reliable; 85% of the detected filaments are unchanged compared to results with more complete input data. Adding photometric data improves the fraction of galaxies in filaments. Using the confusion matrix technique, we found the false discovery rate to always be below 5% when using photometric data.
LIVIA THEAUCTORAND THE SYMBOLISM OF GRAFTING
Authors: Marzano Annalisa
Published: January 2023

The article discusses a passage in book 15 of Pliny'sNatural historywhich lists Livia among the creators of new fruit cultivar. It argues that Livia's unique position within and outside her family explains why she appears to be the only woman remembered for her direct involvement in arboriculture. The article then discusses grafting, which in ancient Rome was charged with many symbolic meanings, and contextualises the appearance of Livia in horticultural discourse within the ideology of the Augustan era and the increased interest in horticultural matters at that time.
Update Gicht
Authors: Ankli Barbara , Daikeler Thomas
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung. Gicht, die weltweit häufigste Arthritis, wird oft nicht als schwere chronische Erkrankung angesehen, obwohl die kardiovaskuläre Morbidität und die Gesamtmortalität von Gichtpatienten gegenüber der Normalbevölkerung erhöht sind. Die Prävalenz von Gicht ist in verschiedenen Ländern sehr unterschiedlich und beträgt im Mittel 2,6%. Männer sind deutlich überrepräsentiert (3:1 bis 4:1). Umweltfaktoren wie Ernährung und Alkoholkonsum sind wichtig, aber genetische Einflüsse, z.B. bei früh einsetzender Gicht, werden zunehmend beschrieben. Trotz der breiten therapeutischen Möglichkeiten sind die Ergebnisse nach wie vor unbefriedigend, und die Krankheit führt zu oft zu behindernden strukturellen Schäden. Die gezielte Information von Patienten sowie eine gute Ausbildung von Ärzten und Pflegefachpersonen können dazu beitragen die Behandlungsziele besser zu erreichen.
Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing diagnostic venous ultrasound during the first SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: La Torre Guglielmo , Nagra Raveenjot , Wijesinghe Haren , Rajeswaran Gowshan , Riya Jain , Abdulkhaliq Scerif , Barker Tom , Ganeshan Arul , Goudie Robert , Hosaam Nasr , Tiwari Alok , Juszczak Maciej Tadeusz
Published: January 2023

Summary: Background: Venous thromboembolism appears to be associated with severe COVID-19 infection than in those without it. However, this varies considerably depending on the cohort studied. The aims of this single-centre, multi-site retrospective cross-sectional study were to assess the number of all venous scans performed in the first month of pandemic in a large university teaching hospital, to evaluate the incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and assess the predictive ability of the clinical information available on the electronic patient record in planning work-up for DVT and prioritising ultrasound scans. Patients and methods: All consecutive patients undergoing venous ultrasound for suspected acute DVT between 1st of March and 30th of April 2020 were considered. Primary outcome was the proportion of scans positive for DVT; the secondary outcomes included association of a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test, demographic, clinical factors, and Wells scores. Results: 819 ultrasound scans were performed on 762 patients across the Trust in March and April 2020. This number was comparable to the corresponding pre-pandemic cohort from 2019. The overall prevalence of DVT in the studied cohort was 16.1% and was higher than before the pandemic (11.5%, p=.047). Clinical symptoms consistent with COVID-19, irrespective of the SARS-CoV-2 PCR test result (positive_COVID_PCR OR 4.97, 95%CI 2.31–10.62, p<.001; negative_COVID_PCR OR 1.97, 95%CI 1.12–3.39, p=.016), a history of AF (OR 0.20, 95%CI 0.03–0.73, p=.037), and personal history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) (OR 1.95, 95%CI 1.13–3.31, p=.014), were independently associated with the diagnosis of DVT on ultrasound scan. Wells score was not associated with the incidence of DVT. Conclusions: Amongst those referred for the DVT scan, SARS-CoV-2 PCR test was associated with an increased risk of VTE and should be taken into consideration when planning DVT work-up and prioritising diagnostic imaging. We postulate that the threshold for imaging should possibly be lower.
Effekte des psychologischen Gesellschaftsspiels „That’s me“ als Selbsterfahrungsangebot im (Psychologie)‌Studium
Authors: König Julia , Doering Bettina K. , Unterhitzenberger Johanna
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Das als Tutorium angebotene Gesellschaftsspiel That’s me kann bereits Psychologiestudierenden einen niederschwelligen Einstieg in die Selbsterfahrung bieten. Bisher ist nichts darüber bekannt, ob durch das Spiel messbare Veränderungen in Bereichen auftreten, in denen Selbsterfahrung wirken kann. Fragestellung: Wir erwarteten positive Veränderungen in den Bereichen Emotionale Kompetenz, Emotionsregulation, interpersonelle Probleme und motivationale Inkongruenz durch die Teilnahme am Tutorium. Methode: Wir verglichen die Werte vor und nach der Teilnahme an That’s me (EG) und mit einer unbehandelten Kontrollgruppe (KG). Ergebnisse: In der EG zeigten sich signifikante Verbesserungen in allen erhobenen Skalen mit kleinen Effektstärken. Die KG zeigte keine Veränderungen. Schlussfolgerungen: Mit Hilfe des niederschwelligen, ökonomischen Angebots That’s me konnten signifikante Veränderungen in Bereichen erzielt werden, in denen Selbsterfahrung wirken kann.
Context Matters – Social Context Moderates the Association Between Indirect Intergroup Contact and Attitudes Toward Refugees
Authors: Landmann Helen , Rohmann Anette , Gaschler Robert , Weissinger Stephan , Mazziotta Agostino
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Based on an integration of socioecological systems and intergroup contact theory, we hypothesized that the context in which intergroup contact takes place moderates its association with attitudes toward refugees. To test this prediction, majority members in Germany reported in three studies ( Ntotal = 695) how often they have had positive and negative direct and indirect contact with refugees in different contexts and their attitudes toward refugees. While the association between direct contact and intergroup attitudes was relatively context-independent, the association between indirect contact and attitudes toward refugees strongly depended on context. Indirect contact was more strongly associated with attitudes toward refugees in contexts with close relationships (family and friends) than in contexts with distanced relationships (newspaper and TV).
Induced Seismicity by Groundwater Extraction at the Dead Sea Fault, Jordan
Authors: Shalev E. , Wetzler N. , Shatanawi A. , Rödiger T. , Kurzon I. , Lyakhovsky V. , Salameh E. , Siebert C.
Published: January 2023

The earthquake sequence, with a maximum earthquake magnitude of MW 3.8, that occurred during January–February 2022 at the northern Dead Sea fault, is shown to be induced by extensive groundwater abstraction in Wadi Al‐Arab basin. Wadi Al‐Arab basin, which is bordered in the west by the Dead Sea fault, has been overexploited by extensive groundwater abstraction causing significant drawdowns. Relative earthquake relocation indicates an elongated S‐N sequence subparallel to the Dead Sea fault. We simulate the three‐dimensional hydraulic head changes in the past 40 years at Wadi al Arab basin. Results show that the drawdowns at the Dead Sea fault wells reached a value greater than 180 m. We use these results to further model the poroelastic effects of the drawdown on the stability of the Dead Sea fault using a typical fault architecture including fault core surrounded by damage zone. Upward groundwater drainage through the permeable damage zone leads to compaction and strengthening. Failure on the Dead Sea fault is expected to occur on the impermeable fault core or at the protholith where weakening is expected. Groundwater abstraction in Wadi Al‐Arab basin cause changes of a few MPa in the Coulmb Failure Stress (ΔCFS) and trigger seismicity in these sections. This is the second location along the Dead Sea fault where groundwater abstraction was shown to recently induce earthquakes. With growing demand for water and long lasting droughts in the Middle East, seismicity induced by groundwater abstraction might reoccur in the near future.
Scale‐Dependent Temperature‐Salinity Compensation in Frontal Regions of the Taiwan Strait
Authors: Lin Hongyang , Xu Siyu , Liu Zhiyu , Hu Jianyu , Zhang Fangtao , Cao Zhiyong
Published: January 2023

Based on high‐resolution, cross‐frontal towed measurements, this study investigates temperature‐salinity (T‐S) compensation and its scale dependence in the Taiwan Strait. In winter and spring when the northeasterly monsoon is prevailing, colder and fresher waters flow southward along the coast of the Chinese mainland, which encounter the northward‐flowing, warmer and saltier waters in the Taiwan Strait. Two slanted density fronts are generated across the interfacing zone forming a cone‐shaped isopycnal distribution in the cross‐frontal direction. Analyses based on the density ratio and Turner angle suggest the expected S‐dominated and T‐dominated types of density variations at the western and eastern density fronts, respectively. Exact T‐S compensation is observed within the interfacing zone. Analysis of the scale dependence indicates that temperature and salinity get more (less) compensated from O(10 km) to O(1 km) scale in the S‐dominated (T‐dominated) frontal zone. Although contrasting density compensating features are observed on the two flanks of the transition zone, they can both be interpreted by the restratification‐cooling mechanism. Specifically, the overturning cells due to submesoscale instabilities in the upper mixed layer slump isopycnals in the frontal zone, inducing shoaling of the mixed layer at both ends of the sampled sections. Surface cooling results in larger temperature drops in the shallower mixed layers, and thus increases (decreases) the degree of T‐S compensation in the S‐dominated (T‐dominated) frontal zone at the scale for submesoscale instabilities to develop.