bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence in Automated Concrete Mix Design Using Computerized Grading Curves
Authors: Konapure Chetan G. , Pandey Digvijay , Shete Hemant , Thakar Chetan M. , Pandey Binay Kumar , George A. Shaji
Published: December 2024

Concrete mix design is a critical process in construction, influencing the strength, durability, and workability of concrete. Traditional methods of mix design, such as empirical and analytical approaches, often involve trial-and-error techniques that can be time-consuming and imprecise. With advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), new methods for optimizing concrete mixes have emerged, offering enhanced accuracy and efficiency. This paper reviews the integration of AI into automated concrete mix design, with a specific focus on the role of computerized grading curves in optimizing aggregate distribution.
Implications of Artificial Intelligence for Medication Therapy Management and Its Efficacy in Clinical Pharmacy
Authors: Barakat Hadeer Ehab , Abdel Halim Islam Tharwat
Published: December 2024

Medication therapy management (MTM) is of importance for the assistance of healthcare providers to create medication plans that fit with each patient's specific requirements. MTM includes services provided by pharmacists or other qualified healthcare professionals to improve the treatment regimen for each patient. These services can involve assessment of the patients' health status, conduction of pharmaceutical care plan, and decrease the hospital stays.Artificial intelligence (AI) allows MTM to be conducted with higher efficiency and effectiveness in the applications of clinical pharmacy. AI has been indispensable in the medical field by assisting providers in reducing expenditures, enhancing patient outcomes, and increasing the overall efficacy of patient treatment through enhancing medication safety, predicting health risks and outcomes across diverse populations, reducing time and costs of treatment, monitoring medication adherence, and scheduling follow-up healthcare services. As a result, healthcare providers are currently obligated to implement AI to assist with MTM services
Communication Systems for Drone Swarms and Remote Operations
Authors: Katna Shaurya , Singh Sunil K. , Kumar Sudhakar , Manro Divyansh , Chhabra Amit , Sharma Sunil Kumar
Published: December 2024

The world is progressively moving towards the smart city concept. Drones are central to this movement. Hence, this research on communication systems for drone swarms is imperative to enhance the operational efficiency and autonomy of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Alongside, it addresses the unique challenges posed by dynamic network topologies, limited bandwidth, and ensuring seamless collaboration in diverse applications. This study examines the complex domain of communication systems for drone swarms and remote operations. Issues such as bandwidth constraints and changing network configurations are assessed with a focus on innovative technologies like AI-powered decision-making, blockchain security, and edge computing. The assessment looks at the effects of specialized signal processing methods on swarm performance. Case studies authenticate these strategies' efficacy while offering vital real-world insights. Further, this study assists those in the field by guiding them through the challenges associated with drone swarm technology.
Safety, Ethics, and Regulation in Intelligent Drones
Authors: Gaurav Akshat , Gupta Brij B. , Arya Varsha , Castiglione Arcangelo
Published: December 2024

This chapter addresses the critical issues of safety, ethics, and regulation surrounding the deployment of AI in industrial robotics and intelligent drones. It highlights the importance of establishing robust safety standards to mitigate risks associated with mechanical and software failures. Ethical considerations are explored, focusing on accountability, privacy, and the socio-economic impacts of automation. The chapter also navigates the complex regulatory landscape, underscoring the need for adaptive frameworks that balance innovation with public safety. Through case studies and discussions, it calls for a multidisciplinary approach to develop ethical guidelines and effective legislation. The chapter emphasizes the collective responsibility of stakeholders to ensure the responsible advancement of AI technologies, advocating for policies that protect human welfare while fostering technological growth.
Pre-Service English Teachers' Classroom Management
Authors: Castillo-Sanguino Narciso , del Socorro Ramírez María , Castillo-Lucero Sandrine Kachiri
Published: December 2024

Classroom management of pre-service English teachers has received little phenomenological research. This paper describes classroom management as a lived pedagogical experience that emerges from discontinuities rather than as an instrument of control. This was a qualitative, phenomenological study. Data were collected through narrative interviews and pre-service English teachers' journals. The analysis was conducted by using the empirical phenomenological method. The results suggest that pre-service English teachers lived educational experience is broken by classroom discontinuities that negatively affect their mood (broken educational reality). However, they try to manage the classroom (guided pedagogical reality), guided by what they think is a teacher's duty and what they should do. In this way, they are able to create a positive pedagogical atmosphere and a caring pedagogical relationship that leads them to an “attuned pedagogical reality.” It was concluded that discontinuities and classroom management help pre-service teachers grow organically in their professional development.
Biopsychosocial Factors and Inclusive Quality Education
Authors: Appiah John K. , Ackah-Jnr Francis R.
Published: December 2024

Considering biopsychosocial factors can enhance education policy implementation and practice, the chapter argues forcefully that identifying and leveraging biopsychosocial factors, the unmet needs of teachers, can promote inclusive quality education. Following calls to accelerate attainment of SDG4, related target goals, and Agenda 2030, countries are foregrounding inclusive quality education as a human right and foundation in addressing the aspirations of all learners with a view of enriching human and socio-cultural capital for nation building and sustainable development. Inclusive quality education promotes cognitive, socio-emotional, and behavioural goals of learners and lifelong learning opportunities for all. This chapter uses Ghana as an important context to justify the use of the biopsychosocial model in education. It identifies teachers' biopsychosocial factors and defines and accentuates inclusive quality education and the role of teachers. The chapter presents implications for prioritising biopsychosocial factors and supporting teachers in inclusive quality education.
Integration of the Biopsychosocial Model in the Management of Developmental Dyscalculia
Authors: Saga Mouhatti , Rkhaila Amine , Ghros Sofia G. , Ounine Khadija
Published: December 2024

Dyscalculia is defined as a difficulty in the acquisition of basic arithmetic skills that is not linked to low intelligence or inadequate education. The authors proceeded with a systematic review according to the PRISMA (preferred elements for systematic review and meta-analysis) criteria, which included experimental and non-randomised controlled trials, observational research and qualitative research. The authors selected 26 publications that matched the inclusion criteria, from several disciplines (psychology, neuroscience, sociology, education, and medicine), and then categorised the main findings related to the diagnosis and the different interventions used. The results show the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions directed at the cognitive domains concerned and the mobilisation of psychosocial and cognitive resources according to the patient's cognitive functional profile and the severity of the symptoms. Finally, the use of the biopsychosocial approach is important in the identification and early treatment of dyscalculia with the aim of integrated and successful management.
Inclusive Education in Early Childhood Education Through Storytelling
Authors: Rubio Antonio Daniel Juan
Published: December 2024

Storytelling is an oral or written narration that brings together a series of important characteristics that are of great help in early childhood education classrooms. Thanks to these stories, values such as sensitivity, companionship, imagination, and respect help to normalise and understand issues that will be dealt with in society in the future. For this reason, this chapter introduces the theme of inclusive education using storytelling, since nowadays all early childhood education classrooms educate children in different physical, mental, and cultural conditions. The objective was to design a project for the promotion of reading that deals with diversity in the early childhood education classroom. This proposal is oriented towards children's literature based on inclusive education with the aim of using literature in an educational way to work on diversity in the classroom. From a perspective based on respect, acceptance, and companionship, the authors will use the story “The Pink Monster” in the classroom.
Educating for Sustainable Development Through the Biopsychosocial Model
Authors: Singha Surjit
Published: December 2024

Incorporating the biopsychosocial model into education presents a comprehensive strategy for tackling intricate environmental issues. This chapter highlights the significance of biological, psychological, and social influences on human behaviour and development in promoting sustainable development. Educators can foster students' critical thinking, social-emotional cognition, and environmental stewardship by integrating the model into curriculum development, pedagogical methodologies, and evaluation procedures. To achieve successful integration, it is imperative to overcome obstacles such as disciplinary silos and resource limitations. Emerging trends in technology-enhanced learning and transdisciplinary research present promising avenues. Fostering student agency for constructive transformation can reinforce societal stability, sustainability, and fairness.
Integrating E-Learning Accessibility Through Mobile Technologies in Education
Authors: Nghuulondo Patrick , Goosen Leila
Published: December 2024

To provide readers with an overview of, and summarize, the content of this chapter, the purpose of the study discussed in this chapter is stated as to explore integrating e-learning accessibility through mobile technologies in education towards a post COVID-19 university experience in Namibia. Against the background of integrating the biopsychosocial model in education, the chapter will discuss aspects related to e.g., health and well-being, quality education, gender disparities, and inequality in education, special education, and contemporary education.
Coding Activity Implementations for K-12 Level Teachers
Authors: Üstün Ayşin Gaye , Kokoç Memnüne
Published: December 2024

Coding and robotics activities are vital for developing K-12 students' 21st-century skills, including problem-solving, algorithmic, logical, mathematical, critical, and computational thinking. Teachers play a key role by providing the right tools, designing level-appropriate activities, monitoring progress, offering immediate feedback, and adjusting teaching strategies as needed. This section outlines theoretical frameworks supporting these activities, fostering cognitive and social development. Vygotsky's Social Learning Theory aids skill acquisition through interaction, Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory ensures suitable activities, Bruner's Constructivist Learning Theory supports meaningful knowledge construction, Havighurst's Activity Theory helps complete developmental tasks, and the TPACK Model integrates technology with teaching strategies. These frameworks provide a structured approach to instructional design, promoting student-centered and interactive learning in coding and robotics education.
Professional Development for K-12 Educators
Authors: Arslankara Veysel Bilal , Arslankara Elif , Asan İlyas , Külekçi Mehmet , Seferoğlu Süleyman Sadi
Published: December 2024

This chapter covers professional development and literacy in K-12 education, focusing on technology integration and leadership. It emphasizes the need for continuous education and support for teachers, highlighting personalized, collaborative, and sustained development. Key areas include: Data and information literacy: critical evaluation and use of information through inquiry-based and project-based learning. Digital literacy: integrating technology, teaching responsible use of digital tools, and digital citizenship. Research-oriented teaching: fostering curiosity and critical thinking, enhancing students' research skills. Leadership: teacher leaders creating positive environments through vision, collaboration, and resilience. Overall, the chapter presents a holistic approach to prepare students for the 21st century.
A Paradigm Shift on Emergence of Pharmacogenomics in the Era of Personalized Medicine
Authors: Kukreti Neha , Lamba Khushi , Pant Pankaj , Visht Sharad , Rana Shilpa
Published: December 2024

Pharmacogenomics is the study of genetic modifications in patients that influence their potential to metabolize medications, encouraging their tolerability and desired effect. Genetic (like genome-wide association & candidate gene) methods may help in choosing the most suitable drug and dosage, by impeding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Pharmacogenomics are usually documented as key steps in personalized medicine. The significance of personalized medicine in healthcare is developing due to its defined genetic and molecular basis. Personalized medicine anticipates the beneficial or serious side effects of a medication by using specific individual's genetic profile. In the recent year's pharmacogenomics approaches are being widely used in personalizing therapies for diseases like Cancer, Rheumatoid arthritis, Asthma, Type-1 diabetes and many psychiatric disorders (depression, psychosis, schizophrenia etc.).This chapter provides an overview of the present importance of pharmacogenomics and identifies the challenges that need to be conquered for effective personalized medicine.
Corruption in Accreditation at HEIs
Authors: Bohlens Christopher
Published: December 2024

This chapter investigates corruption in global higher education accreditation related to quality assurance. It assesses corruption's impact on accreditation processes, highlighting transparency issues, regulatory flaws, and economic influences as primary factors. It discusses negative consequences for higher education institutions (HEIs), including reduced quality, reputation, and credibility, leading to trust erosion and financial losses for students, faculty, and stakeholders. Additionally, it reviews international anti-corruption frameworks and best practices, showcasing successful initiatives and case studies. The chapter provides actionable recommendations to enhance transparency, accountability, and ethical culture in accreditation. By promoting integrity and ongoing improvement, it underscores the necessity of embedding these principles in quality assurance to encourage ethical conduct at all institutional levels.
Factors Influencing Quality Assurance and Accreditation Systems in Higher Education
Authors: Marrouchi Moez , Haroon Harshita
Published: December 2024

The implementation of the quality assurance and accreditation processes in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are naturally dependent on human and non-human factors. This means that the human role in the whole process is quite essential. The workforce is the concerned side to implement, review the implementation, correct the mistakes, document procedures, and defend the quality systems being followed. The HEI internal stakeholders are major factors in deciding whether the institution can successfully go about its quality assurance activities or not. The review of the literature intensifies the necessity to expand upon the main elements to influence higher education quality assurance activities and accreditation. This chapter discusses in detail the major factors to influence quality assurance practices and HEIs' accreditation processes. They include the following: quality assurance awareness, investment priorities, capacity and capability, perception of stakeholders, the recruitment – roles of quality managers, and gaming the quality assurance and accreditation systems.
Impact of Academic Capitalism on Quality Higher Education
Authors: Mpolomoka Daniel Lupiya
Published: December 2024

This chapter uses the utilitarian view to explore the impact of academic capitalism on the quality of higher education. It uses the qualitative approach, a descriptive survey design. The author engaged with university administrators, faculty, policymakers and industry stakeholders to obtain their perceptions and experiences. Interviews, surveys, document review were used. It employed the thematic approach to data analysis, unraveling various understanding into the motives, strategies and consequences of academic capitalism within the higher education sector. By applying a utilitarian framework, the chapter scrutinizes the extent to which educational endeavours align with economic utility, workforce demands and national development agendas. The chapter examines the implications of commodifying knowledge and prioritizing market-driven outcomes on higher educational quality, equity and social cohesion. It brings out the imperative of balancing utilitarian objectives with broader societal aspirations to enhance holistic development, sustainability and quality of higher education.
Transforming Virtual Education
Authors: Vettriselvan R. , Velmurugan Palanivel Rathinasabapathi , Deepan A. , Jaiswani Geetanjali , Durgarani M.
Published: December 2024

As higher education increasingly adopts online and distance learning models, maintaining quality in these programs is essential. This chapter, “Virtual to Valuable: Enhancing Quality Assurance in Online and Distance Learning Programs,” explores the strategies needed to ensure and elevate quality assurance in virtual education. It reviews key frameworks, like the Quality Matters (QM) model, and examines accreditation's role in upholding standards. The chapter addresses challenges such as technological limitations, student engagement, and academic rigor while presenting best practices in course design, delivery, student support, and assessment. Additionally, it discusses the impact of emerging technologies and considers future trends and policy implications. Through a blend of literature review, case studies, and qualitative data, this chapter offers practical insights for improving the effectiveness and credibility of online education.
CSR and Sustainable Development as Determinants of Competitive Advantage in Low-Cost Airlines
Authors: Makowski Michał
Published: December 2024

In the evolving airline market, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and sustainable development are becoming increasingly significant. This study explores the link between CSR and competitive advantage in the low-cost airline sector, focusing on Poland. It first examines CSR's essence and benefits, then analyzes how low-cost airlines implement CSR as a core element of their strategy. The study also addresses sustainable development, highlighting CSR's critical role. Challenges and benefits of CSR implementation are discussed. The research further investigates competitive dynamics in the low-cost airline market, particularly Ryanair and Wizz Air. It evaluates key factors influencing carrier choice and outlines development paths within the framework of sustainable development and CSR. The study uses literature reviews and data from the airline industry to assess CSR's impact on competitive advantage and suggests directions for future research.
Eco-Friendly Skies
Authors: Kaur Mandeep , Singh Amrik , Kaur Amandeep
Published: December 2024

Sustainable marketing promotes products and services that prioritize environmental and social responsibility. Sustainable marketing in the aviation industry is not just a trend but a necessity in the face of growing environmental concerns. The aviation industry, a pillar of global connectivity and economic progress, is under increasing pressure to address its environmental impact. The challenge is to balance the growing demand for air travel with the need to reduce carbon footprints and environmental degradation. Sustainable marketing promotes products and services that prioritize environmental and social responsibility. This chapter will cover the theoretical foundations, existing practices, and a methodology for establishing effective sustainable marketing strategies, thereby providing a road map for the aviation industry to navigate the complicated landscape of sustainability. The implications of these strategies are far-reaching, offering not only environmental benefits, but also economic gains, social goodwill, and a revolutionary impact on the whole industry.
Sustainable Marketing Strategies in the Portuguese Aviation Industry
Authors: Rassal Carimo , Pontes Paula
Published: December 2024

The chapter explores sustainable marketing strategies in the Portuguese aviation industry, focusing on TAP Air Portugal and Azores Airlines. It discusses aviation's role in global connectivity, economic growth, and cultural exchange while addressing its significant environmental impact, particularly CO2 emissions. The chapter examines how sustainable marketing mitigates these effects, enhancing brand reputation and customer loyalty. Detailed case studies of the two airlines analyze their implementation of sustainable practices, including fleet modernization, carbon offset programs, and eco-friendly branding. It also evaluates the effectiveness of these strategies, stressing consumer engagement, transparency, and sustainability integration in core business operations. Furthermore, it provides actionable insights and recommendations for aviation companies looking to adopt sustainable marketing practices, while considering broader implications for the global aviation sector.
Determinants of Green Purchase Intentions in the Air Travel Industry
Authors: Mkedder Nadjim
Published: December 2024

The air travel industry, a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, has increasingly prioritized environmental concerns in its operations and marketing efforts. This chapter examines the factors influencing green purchase intentions among passengers of airlines travel industry using the Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) approach. Data was collected from 221 Algerian passengers via a structured questionnaire. The findings reveal that green perceived value, environmental concern, environmental knowledge, and environmental attitude are all crucial in shaping green purchasing intentions in the airline sector. These insights are valuable for managers aiming to develop marketing strategies that effectively stimulate green purchase intentions in the airline industry. Academically, this chapter offers a robust methodology through necessity logic to explore consumer behavior with greater accuracy.
Evaluating Service Quality of Europe's Leading Airports Using Skytrax Ratings After Istanbul Airport's Launch
Authors: Akan Sahap , Karataş Hakan
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study is to evaluate the service quality of the five busiest airports in Europe, namely Istanbul Airport, London Heathrow Airport, Paris Charles De Gaulle Airport, Amsterdam Schiphol Airport, and Madrid Barajas, based on data from Skytrax, which ranks the quality of airlines and airports. These ratings consider a range of criteria, including terminal seating, terminal cleanliness, terminal signs, queuing times, food and beverage, Wi-Fi connectivity, airport shopping, and airport staff. Additionally, overall satisfaction ratings for these services are also included. This study examines the impact of these criteria on overall customer satisfaction using multiple regression analysis. A total of 511 airport ratings collected between January 1, 2019, and May 1, 2024, were used for the analysis, which was conducted using Jamovi. The results show that airport staff and queuing times are the most influential factors on total passenger satisfaction, while terminal cleanliness, terminal signs, and Wi-Fi connectivity do not have a significant impact on customer satisfaction.
21st Century Leadership
Authors: Taylor Zachary
Published: December 2024

In the 21st century, new college presidents will face unprecedented challenges related to fiscal solvency, enrollment management, human resources, and continued attacks on diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives. For these new college presidents, leading equitable data collection and disaggregation efforts is critical for addressing these challenges and truly serving the most minoritized populations on campus and in local communities. Specifically, this data collection and disaggregation must focus on minoritized racial, gender, language, and socioeconomic identities of students, faculty, staff, and other stakeholders. As a result, this chapter explores the transformative potential of collecting and utilizing disaggregated data to identify and address institutional and societal problems that new college presidents will undoubtedly encounter. By emphasizing the importance of collecting accurate and comprehensive data, new college presidents can create a foundation for informed decision-making that promotes inclusivity and equity.
Exploring India as a Potential Destination for Birthright Citizenship
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Sharma Savita , Soyav Mohd
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate India as a possible birthright citizenship destination. It will do this by assessing the legal framework, appeals, and important aspects like the country's sociopolitical environment, healthcare system, and economic prospects. The study examines and evaluates important variables that affect India's viability and allure as a birthright citizenship destination. The research provides a thorough grasp of the subject by synthesizing existing academic, legal, and policy-oriented literature through the use of an organised literature review process. The assessment ends with suggestions for future research and policy development that are aimed at legislators, solicitors and prospective applicants. The results are intended to further the conversation about birthright citizenship and offer useful information to those who are thinking about India as a potential source for this legal status.
Impact of Prenatal Tourism in Mental Health Services in Developing Countries
Authors: Prakash Jyoti , Kumari Urvashi , Singh Vipin
Published: December 2024

Prenatal tourism, where expecting parents travel to another country for childbirth to secure birthright citizenship for their child, has significant implications for mental health treatment in underdeveloped nations. The effects of pregnant tourists on these areas' access to and satisfaction with mental health care are the focus of this research. It examines the strain on healthcare resources, including mental health professionals and facilities, and the challenges faced by local populations in accessing mental health care. The paper also discusses potential policy responses to mitigate these impacts and improve mental health service delivery. The findings of this study emphasize the need of allocating resources wisely and developing comprehensive plans to guarantee that pregnant visitors and locals alike have equal access to mental health treatment.
International Human Rights Perspectives on Birthright Citizenship and Prenatal Tourism
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Seth Kunal , Choudhury Somnath Roy , Prakash Ankit
Published: December 2024

This study explores the intricate issues surrounding birthright citizenship and prenatal tourism through a comprehensive analysis rooted in international human rights perspectives. Birthright citizenship, enshrined in principles of jus soli, grants citizenship to individuals born within a country's territory, but its exploitation through prenatal tourism raises ethical and socio-economic concerns. The research examines historical and legal foundations across 20 countries, highlighting diverse policy responses to balance human rights and national interests. Case studies from the United States, Canada, Australia, and Hong Kong illustrate the real-world implications of these policies. Semi-structured interviews with experts in immigration law and human rights provide practical insights, while a comparative analysis identifies best practices and challenges. The study underscores the necessity for international cooperation and thoughtful policy reforms to address the exploitation of birthright citizenship, and sustainable solutions that uphold human rights and address global inequality.
Empowering Educators for the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Era
Authors: Yadav Seema
Published: December 2024

The integration of Computational Thinking (CT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) into education presents a transformative opportunity to prepare students for a technology-driven future. This chapter explores emerging trends and opportunities in professional development aimed at equipping educators with the knowledge and skills to effectively integrate CT and AI across disciplines. Key strategies include promoting interdisciplinary collaboration, incorporating ethical AI education, and fostering inclusive practices to ensure equitable access. Educators are encouraged to embrace advanced technologies such as machine learning and data analytics, enabling personalized learning experiences and informed instructional decisions. Recommendations for future directions include investing in training infrastructure, advocating for supportive policies, conducting research, and fostering partnerships with industry. By embracing these strategies, educators can navigate and leverage the evolving landscape of CT and AI in education, empowering students to thrive in a digital world.
Visual Literacy and Multimodality as Language Teaching Tools in Reception Classes
Authors: Bardas Athanasios
Published: December 2024

In modern multicultural societies the teaching of a language has to face challenges that go beyond the limits of classical language teaching. In Greek multicultural and multilingual primary schools the Greek language is taught in addition to the native language as a second/foreign language in Reception Classes - Z.E.P. (Zones of Educational Priority). An important tool in language teaching is, among others, images, videos and generally multimodal material. In this research, 162 teachers were asked to answer how important is the use of images and multimodal texts in school textbooks and in the teaching of the Greek language and in addition, what are the benefits and what are the difficulties of the students during the use of images in the language lesson. Through statistical analysis, it was found that images, videos and various multimodal materials contribute significantly to the teaching of Greek as a second/foreign language, providing multiple cognitive and learning benefits to students, despite the difficulties they may face.
Strengthening and Toughening Simulation Analysis of the Two-Phase Microstructures with Different Patterns
Authors: Zeng Li Ting , Ma Zhi Wei , Wei Yu Jie
Published: December 2024

This study investigates two-dimensional composites with Cu/Ni laminated and brick-mortar structures using the GTN constitutive model and mathematical plane tessellation schemes. Uniaxial and biaxial stretching behaviors are analyzed by precisely controlling the model microgeometries through finite element numerical simulations. The results indicate that the laminated structure, represented by triangular tessellation models, exhibits stretching-dominated deformation when uniaxial stretching is applied along the direction of the hard phase laminae, demonstrating exceptional strength. In contrast, the brick-mortar structure, also represented by triangular tessellation models, undergoes deformation through a combination of bending and stretching (compression), enhancing plasticity while maintaining significant strength. By examining the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties in these two-phase composites, this study provides valuable insights for material synthesis through structural patterning.
Research on Welding Process and Performance of Prefabricated Girth Welded Joints for Double-Connected Pipes of X80M Pipeline
Authors: Ren Tao , Zhang Jun Ming , Niu Xian Wei
Published: December 2024

The prefabricated welding of double-connected X80M pipeline steel pipes was completed with self-developed welding equipment, and the welding process used was GMAW + SAW. The key points of welding operation are summarized, hoping to guide site construction. After welding, the weld and heat-affected zone structure of the welded joint were observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the mechanical properties such as tensile, bending, impact, hardness, and CTOD of the joint were measured. The test results show that the welding equipment can efficiently complete the prefabrication welding of double-connected pipes of X80M pipeline steel. The welding joint has excellent performance, which meets the requirements of current standards and the performance at different welding positions was uniform. The GMAW+SAW welding process is a beneficial exploration for efficient welding of long-distance pipelines. Besides, the study shows that the accumulation of granular bainite in the weld zone and the existence of internal and external submerged arc welding boundaries will lead to a decrease in the toughness of the welded joint.
Evaluation of the Mechanical and Thermal Characteristics of Polypropylene Composites Reinforced with Benzoylation-Processed Banana Fibre and Sisal Fibers
Authors: Syed Omar B. , Nithiyapathi C. , Rathinam R. , Nanthakumar S. , Gangwar Prashant Kumar , Satishkumar P.
Published: December 2024

Mechanical and thermal properties of composites reinforced with Banana fibre (BF) and Sisal fibre (SF) were investigated in this study. Benzoylation therapy was effective for Banana fibre /Sisal. The hybridised bio-composites (PP/BF/SF) with a total 10 weight percentage were produced using three different fibres ratios between Banana fibre - and Sisal-treated. The thermal stability experiments are performed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and diffraction scanning calorimetry (DSC). According to flammability test results, the treated hybrid composite (BF / PP /SF) burned at the slowest rate (only 28 mm/min) and the stiffness damping factor (Tan δ). The loss modulus (E "the ideal (PP/BF/SF) hybrid composite, T-BF5SF5, has a damping factor of 0.058 and a modulus of 86.2 (MPa). Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) was also used to effectively record the dimensional coefficient (m) versus temperature studies, with T-BF5SF5 achieving the highest dimensional coefficient (m) of 30.11 at 110°C. Keywords: Sisal; biocomposites; Banana fibre ; dynamic mechanical analysis; thermal; benzoylation.
Effect of Chemical Cleaning of Hypochlorite Solution on the Properties of Polyethersulfone Blend Membrane
Authors: Arahman Nasrul , Rosnelly Cut Meurah , Yusni Yusni , Haikal Rinal Diaul , Aulia M. Prayogie , Ambarita Aulia Chintia , Matsuyama Hideto
Published: December 2024

Ultrafiltration membranes have been widely used in industrial technology due to their high removal effectiveness. Long-term use of membranes will reduce membrane performance, so cleaning is required to maintain stable membrane performance. Chemical cleaning has proven to be effective for removing impurities but can also have a negative impact on membrane life. Polyethersulfone (PES) is proven to have strong mechanical properties due to its hydrophobic nature, but this hydrophobic nature makes PES membrane performance less than optimal so a hydrophilic pluronic co-polymer is needed. The combination of these two materials produces a membrane with optimal performance and a relatively long usage time. In addition, this research also aims to compare pure PES (P) and PES/Pluronic (PP) membranes against cleaning using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The results show that the membrane with the addition of pluronic has more stable characteristics than the pure PES membrane. The morphological structure shows a very significant difference after the addition of pluronic, the PES membrane has a finger-like pore structure that is sparse compared to the PES/Pluronic membrane. Based on the data obtained, the water contact angle (WCA) of the washed membrane with NaOCl was higher than the original membrane. The WCA of pure PES membrane increased from 59.5o to 67.5o after cleaning. On the other hand, the WCA of PES/Pluronic membrane was increased from 56.8o to 63.7o after cleaning.
Investigation of Thermomechanical and Flammability Behaviors of Hemp/Polypropylene Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composites
Authors: Jeyasimman D. , Prakash J.Arun , Prasath R.Arun , Sivaraman A. , Singh Pushpendra , Satishkumar P.
Published: December 2024

This paper discusses the fire and heat resistance of a polylactic acid/Hemp/Polypropylene hybrid laminated composite. Hybrid composites had their impacts analysed, specifically with regards to the fibre composition and stacking order. Using a hot press, the hybrid composites were created. In this work, Hemp/Polypropylene-reinforced polylactic hybrid composites with thermogravimetric, differential calorimetric, dynamic mechanical, and flamability properties were reported. Thermomechanical studies show that hybridization affects the laminate’s viscoelastic characteristics and thermal stability. Hybrid composites' burning rates were also evaluated for this flammability test. Most of the Hemp layers in sample C7 had the most char residue (10%), while sample C8 had the highest decomposition temperature (450°C). When it comes to hybrid composites, however, the C5 sample offers the best results, with a large char production and a low burning rate of just 36 mm/min. Also, viscoelastic properties like storage and loss modulus are best in class for the C5 sample, which is a hybrid composite. Keywords: Hemp; flammability Polypropylene; PLA; TGA; DSC.
Applying Box-Behnken Experimental Design for Optimization of Polyurethane Membrane Synthesis from Castor Oil (Ricinus communis L.) Based on Physical Performance
Authors: Hanum Faridah , Safitri Eka , Idroes Rinaldi , Idris Nasrullah
Published: December 2024

The process of synthesizing polyurethane (PU) membranes typically involves linking together networks of polymers using organic materials like polyols and isocyanates. Subsequent investigations used additional inorganic substances within PU polymers to enhance the mechanical and thermal characteristics of membranes. In order to be used as a sensor matrix, the PU membrane needs to have certain good qualities and be able to firmly attach to ions. Hence, further refinement of the membrane is necessary in order to enhance these attributes. The PU membrane made from castor oil (Ricinus communis L.) was changed in this study by adding ĸ-carrageenan and D2EHPA. The composition of the membrane plays a crucial role in governing the creation of hard and soft segments within the membrane structure. The right membrane composition can be found by using Expert Version 13 software for process design. This software is based on the Response Surface Methodology and uses Box-Behnken Design. The primary aim of this study was to fabricate PU membranes utilizing natural resources while ensuring the attainment of desirable qualities. The R2 and PRESS values, which are very important for figuring out how important the physical performance response is, led to the choice of the quadratic model design as the best one. One of the experimental conditions was the use of 0.231 mg of D2EHPA, 1.241 mg of κ-carrageenan, and 3.840 g of acetone. The final mixture was predicted to have a visual scale value of 6.5 so that a membrane with the best physical properties in terms of strength and flexibility could be made. The composite-derived PU membrane has favorable physical performance. The findings of this study can serve as a foundational element for the advancement of PU membranes in a wide range of prospective applications.
Understanding Water Pollution in the Kelani River Basin: A Comprehensive Literature Review on Causes, Ecological Impact, and Management Strategies
Authors: Sumaiya M. S. P.
Published: December 2024

A growing body of research indicates that water pollution affects aquatic ecosystems negatively and is a widespread problem. This research focuses on the Kelani River basin in Sri Lanka since there are serious problems with water pollution there, despite the fact that contamination impacts many water bodies globally. This research primarily relies on secondary data collection methods, including research articles, journals, publications, annual reports, and official internet sources. The collected secondary data underwent qualitative analysis, which subsequently contributed to the presentation of descriptive findings in this study. Through the research, the researcher identified two main causes of water contamination in the Kelani River basin: point sources and non-point sources. Over 9,000 industrial establishments contribute significantly to pollution. Additionally, hydropower construction affects 30% of the river's course. Furthermore, the Kelani River basin holds ecological significance as a habitat for numerous endangered and endemic species, including critically endangered and narrow-range endemics such as Balanocarpus kitulgalensis, Vetica luwesiana, Pethia bandula, and Systomus asoka. Recognizing the urgency of water conservation, we propose comprehensive strategies: stringent regulations, sustainable land use, effective waste management, critical ecosystem protection and restoration, and community engagement. Furthermore, maintaining the ecological integrity of the Kelani River and its benefits to human well-being requires tackling both point and non-point causes of pollution.
Determinants of Women’s Labour Force Participation and Wages in the Agricultural Sector: Evidence from Anuradhapura District
Authors: Jayamanna S. M.
Published: December 2024

The main objectives of the study are to examine how the demographic and socio-economic characteristics influence women’s participation in the agricultural sector and how these factors determine the wages in the sector in Anuradhapura district. Cross-sectional data were collected from 3 villages in the Talawa Divisional Secretariat in the district, and from these villages, 175 rural women were selected randomly in 2022. Results of frequency showed that 66% of the women participated in the agricultural sector, and 34% of them did not participate. The Heckman selection model was applied in two stages, and in the first stage, the Probit regression model was used to identify the impact of demographic and socio-economic characteristics on women’s labour supply. In the second stage, the ordinary least square method was applied to identify the factors influencing wages in the agriculture sector in the study. Determinants of women’s labour supply in the Probit model found to be age, age squared, credit accessibility, opportunity of getting another job, level of education, and other income sources, while the number of children and husband’s occupation were found to be insignificant as a determinant of women’s labour force participation in the model. Results of the ordinary least square method suggested that education, farm experience, and experience squared were significantly influencing the wage in the agricultural sector in the district.
Reset, Restart, and Refocus on Communication Competence and Exploring the Role of Communication in the Inclusive Setting: A Study Based on Grade 03 Students of Southlands College, Galle
Authors: Ramanayaka S. K. L. J.
Published: December 2024

Communication is the cornerstone of human existence and a fundamental right for all. The principles of inclusive education drive the integration of children with special needs into mainstream education, ensuring equal treatment and non-discrimination for all students. Inclusive education greatly benefits children with learning disabilities by offering equal educational opportunities, regardless of their needs, abilities, socioeconomic status, race, nationality, gender, religion, health, or location. This research paper examines the implementation of inclusive education in Grade 3 at Southlands College, Galle. It explores the perceptions of Grade 3 teachers and parents on the role of communication in integrating children with special needs. The study focuses on communication strategies, essential characteristics, and their practical application when working with these children. Grade 3 teachers and parents at Southlands College completed a self-designed questionnaire assessing their awareness of the importance of communication in children's social, emotional, and cognitive development, as well as their understanding of inclusive education for children with special needs. The questionnaire also evaluated the readiness of Grade 3 teachers to communicate effectively with special needs children and their parents in an inclusive educational environment. The data were analyzed quantitatively using Microsoft Excel, followed by qualitative analysis involving coding and indexing. The research findings indicate that Grade 3 teachers lack the necessary communication skills to work effectively with children with special needs, particularly when dealing with parents who have limited communication abilities. As a result, it is recommended to enhance communication competence and re-evaluate the role of communication within the inclusive education framework.
A model for predicting confirmed leptospirosis cases in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ekanayake W. E. M. D. T. , Nawarathna L. S.
Published: December 2024

Leptospirosis is a significant health issue in Sri Lanka, but current studies have only examined some districts using time series analysis. There is no comprehensive leptospirosis prediction model for the entire country. This study aims to develop a model to predict leptospirosis distribution across Sri Lanka. We collected reported leptospirosis cases in all districts from 2011 to 2022 from the Epidemiology Department. We tested the normality of the data using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Also, we evaluated various models, including linear regression, exponential regression, polynomial regression, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) time series, generalised additive models (parametric), Cox proportional hazards regression model (semi-parametric), and median-based linear model (non-parametric). The best-fitting model was selected based on the minimum Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), and its accuracy was verified using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). We found that the ARIMA model was the best-fitting model for Galle, Mullaitivu, Batticaloa, and Puttalam. The exponential regression model was the best-fitting model for Kalmunai, while the polynomial regression model was the best-fitting model for Matale and Jaffna. The generalised additive model was the best-fitting model for Gampaha, Hambantota, Matara, Mannar, Vavuniya, Trincomalee, Anuradhapura, Badulla, Monaragala, and Ratnapura. In contrast, the median-based linear model was the best-fitting model for Colombo, Kalutara, Kandy, Nuwara Eliya, Kilinochchi, Ampara, Kurunegala, Polonnaruwa, and Kegalle. The fitted models were then used to forecast leptospirosis incidents in Sri Lanka from 2024 to 2026. For future research, we recommend Bayesian hierarchical models to identify high-risk clusters of leptospirosis in Sri Lanka.