bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“A CLINICO-RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF IMMEDIATE LOADED DENTAL IMPLANTS PLACED IN FRESH EXTRACTION SOCKETS OR HEALED SITES IN PERIODONTALLY COMPROMISED PATIENTS”
Authors: Mishra Dr santosh , Rao JK Dayashankara , R , Batra , M Shukla
Published: September 2020

Historically, one of the major reasons for tooth extractions or tooth loss has been severe periodontitis either acute or chronic However, a removable partial denture or a complete denture often produces several problems leading to loss of taste, feeling of premature aging and loss of self confidence. 1,5. Furthermore, from a functional point of view, treated patients may not be able to cope with the removable prostheses during healing phases, due to bad retention of the provisionals, or may even ask for an immediate treatment solution for functional and esthetic reasons. Consequently, there has been a need or at least a wish for the development of routine implant protocols, decreasing or even eliminating the healing periods before loading inserted implants.3 Immediate implant placement and loading  of implant reduces treatment time while providing high predictability and excellent esthetic outcome which are goals for the development of dental implant treatment resulting from severe periodontitis would benefit from use of such a treatment modality ,especially if those teeth could be extracted and immediate implant and a prosthesis provided. However ,information regarding immediate implant placement in patient with severe periodontitis has  been limited.
Evaluation of traditional initial vancomycin dosing versus utilizing an electronic AUC/MIC dosing program
Authors: Kerri A. McGrady  , Benton Makenzie , Tart Serina , Bowers Riley
Published: September 2020

Background: Area under the curve to minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC/MIC) has been recommended by the 2020 updated vancomycin guidelines for dosing vancomycin for both efficacy and safety. Previously, AUC/MIC has been cumbersome to calculate so surrogate trough concentrations of 15-20 mg/dL were utilized. However, trough-based dosing is not a sufficient surrogate as AUC/MIC targets of 400-600 can usually be reached without achieving troughs of 15-20 mg/dL. Targeting higher trough levels may also lead to adverse events including acute kidney injury (AKI) and nephrotoxicity.

Objective: To compare the mean total first day vancomycin dose in traditional trough-based dosing versus dosing recommended by an AUC/MIC dosing program.

Methods: Adult inpatients who received at least 24 hours of IV vancomycin treatment were included in this single-center, retrospective cohort study. The primary endpoint was difference in mean total first day vancomycin dose in milligrams (mg) received between patients’ traditional trough-based dosing and recommended dose via AUC/MIC electronic dosing calculator. Patients served as their own control by analyzing both actual dose received and dose recommended by the electronic AUC/MIC program. Rates of vancomycin induced adverse events, including acute kidney injury, elevated steady-state trough concentrations, and Red Man’s syndrome were also compared between patients who received doses consistent with the AUC/MIC dosing recommendation versus those who did not.

Results: 264 patients were included in this study. Initial 24-hour vancomycin exposure was significantly lower with the recommended AUC/MIC dose versus the dose received (2380.7; SD 966.6 mg vs 2649.6; SD 831.8 mg, [95% CI 114.7:423.1] p=0.0007).

Conclusions: Utilizing an electronic AUC/MIC vancomycin dosing calculator would result in lower total first day vancomycin doses.
Prólogo
Authors: Veneziani Marcia
Published: September 2020

El mundo actual está atravesando un cambio en variados aspectos: climáticos, económicos, políticos, flujos migratorios que se desplazan de un extremo al otro del planeta, retrocesos a formas de gobierno nacionalistas, conflictos armados por causas religiosas, políticas, económicas y cambios en las comunicaciones. Ante este panorama intolerante, impreciso y cambiante nos propusimos reflexionar una vez más, conjuntamente norteamericanos y argentinos, en cómo se expresan estas cuestiones en el arte y el diseño.
Another image of accounting - creative accounting
Authors: Comandaru Ana-Maria Andrei , Stanescu Sorina-Geanina , Toma Cristina Mihaela , Paduraru Adriana Horaicu
Published: September 2020

Creative accounting emerged during the last century in the English-Saxon economies as a result of the growing complexity of the economic reality. Creative accounting can be defined as the set of techniques used by a company’s accounting unit to modify the presentation of its accounts in a manner favourable to its expectations. Creativity in accounting can be used depending on the intention of the accountant, both in order to manipulate the financial statements and to find new solutions and accounting methods to the problems faced by a company. The positive or negative side of creative accounting is given by the many motivations for using it. The objective of this research is to present the main techniques and principles of creative accounting and its applicability at the national level in order to identify the advantages or limitations of using this new ‘creative accounting’ paradigm. The research methodology used in this scientific article is based on the study of the specialised literature in the field using theoretical documentation and comparative analysis.
Keywords: Creative accounting techniques, Principles, Reports.
 
 
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Coopetition and customers’ experience in the Nigerian banking sector: The moderating effect of technology
Authors: Worimegbe Powel Maxwell
Published: September 2020

Coopetition, which is a combination of competition and collaboration, has engendered a lot of discussions in recent times. The study examines the effect of coopetition on customers’ experience in the banking industry using technology as a moderator factor. The study utilised common risk management, strategic alliance, common network governance, sales of common financial product and common central procedure as measures of coopetition. Employing the survey research design, customers from 21 deposit money banks were sampled. 1,537 structured questionnaires were administered to the customers of these deposit money banks. The study applied the PLS-SEM in the analysis of data. The results reveal that the dimensions of coopetition have a significant effect on customers’ experience as it relates to service encounter. The study concludes that coopetition and technology are significant drivers of customers’ experience. It recommends that banks should engage in coopetition to improve their service delivery and enhance positive customers’ experience. Firms should also invest more in technology to enhance their coopetition strategy.
Keywords: Collaboration, competition, coopetition, customers’ experience, value creation
HAK IMUNITAS ADVOKAT DALAM MENJALANKAN PROFESI
Authors: Tampi Mariske Myeke , Pri Jeffry , Purnomoputri Priscilla
Published: September 2020

Responsibility as law enforcer requires an advocate to uphold law enforcement through client's assistance. In this regard, the profession of advocate itself is also as an officium nobile or the honorable one where the profession serves as a credence and a hope for the wider community to gain justice. Assistance to the client should not draw an advocate to justify all the wrongdoings of his client, but defend the rights of a suspect or defendant or other justice seekers in the face of the law, in short, against the seekers of justice, as the scope of the profession as an advocate is not limited to matters related to solely criminal law. This is the responsibility of an advocate as a law enforcer, not just a client defender. In carrying out his profession an advocate has a right of immunity that makes him immune to the law in order to enforce the law, as long as it is with compliance with the applicable provisions.
Efektifitas Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang Dalam Rangka Mencegah Kepailitan (Studi Kasus PKPU PT Asmin Koalindo Tuhup di Pengadilan Niaga Jakarta Pusat)
Authors: Simon Boerhan Ali Teukoe Harmanshah
Published: September 2020

Dalam penyelenggaraan korporasi kerap ditemui kesulitan yang terjadi pada saat harus menunaikan kewajiban dalam jual beli baik barang maupun jasa. Sehubungan itu, sejak tahun 1906 melalui Faillissements-verorderning Staatsblad 1905:217 juncto Staatsblad 1906:348, Indonesia telah mengenal konsep Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang (PKPU) yang saat ini diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 Tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang. Tulisan ini membahas mengenai efektivitas PKPU dalam mencegah kepailitan, dengan studi kasus PKPU PT Asmin Koalindo Tuhup (PT AKT) di Pengadilan Niaga Jakarta Pusat.  PT AKT sebagai perusahaan tambang batu bara di Kalimantan Selatan mengajukan PKPU karena terbelit utang yang jumlahnya cukup fantastis, yakni mencapai Rp25 triliun karena mengalami dampak penurunan harga batu bara dan berkurangnya pembelian dari Tiongkok. Sehubungan dengan itu, PT AKT mengajukan PKPU secara sukarela di Pengadilan Niaga Jakarta Pusat untuk mencegah kepailitan dengan harapan PT AKT tetap dapat melakukan going concern. Kita akan melihat efektifitas PKPU sebagai langkah hukum yang diajukan oleh PT AKT untuk mewujudkan restrukturisasi dan mencegah terjadinya kepailitan. 
Stability Analysis of Nontrivial Stationary Solution and Constant Equilibrium Point of Reaction-Diffusion Neural Networks with Time Delays under Dirichlet Zero Boundary Value
Authors: Rao Ruofeng
Published: September 2020

In this paper, Lyapunov-Razumikhin technique, design of state-dependent switching laws, a fixed point theorem and variational methods are employed to derive the existence and the unique existence results of (globally) exponentially stable positive stationary solution of delayed reaction-diffusion cell neural networks under Dirichlet zero boundary value, including the global stability criteria \textbf{in the classical meaning}. Next, sufficient conditions are proposed to guarantee the global stability invariance of ordinary differential systems under the influence of diffusions. New theorems show that the diffusion is a double-edged sword in judging the stability of diffusion systems. Besides, an example is constructed to illuminate that any non-zero constant equilibrium point must be not in the phase plane of dynamic system under Dirichlet zero boundary value, or it must lead to a contradiction. Next, under Lipschitz assumptions on active function, another example is designed to prove that the small diffusion effect will cause the essential change of the phase plane structure of the dynamic behavior of the delayed neural networks via a Saddle point theorem. Finally, a numerical example illustrates the feasibility of the proposed methods.
On the Fundamental Constants of Nature
Authors: Humpherys David
Published: September 2020

Planck’s constant and the gravitational constant are comprised of more fundamental quantities of length, mass, and time. Reformulating traditional equations in terms of these fundamental units offers a more granular view of the physical transformations encoded in the equations of physics. The composite structure of h and G conceals a simple model in which maximum unit potentials are reduced by dimensionless proportionality operators. Natural symmetries correlate the three unit dimensions, yielding predictable quantities of physical dynamics. Insights are organized into a New Foundations Model of physics that reformulates traditional constants and equations in elementary form. The New Foundations Model offers a common language for describing quantum mechanical, gravitational, and electromagnetic phenomena.
Revaluation of Fatigue Thickness Effect Based on Fatigue Test Database
Authors: Zhao Wangwen , Hsu Wei-Ting
Published: September 2020

This paper reassesses the detrimental effect on fatigue performance due to thicker sections based on extensive fatigue strength test database, taken from research program worldwide over the past half of a century in offshore oil & gas and renewable industry. The data entries in the database have been evaluated to ensure its data integrity. Statistical analyses on these S-N data are performed with or without the thickness correction at different exposure level to corrosive environment, in order to re-evaluate the suitability of current standards in regard to the thickness effect. The study has concentrated on T-joint, transverse butt welded joint and tubular joint as these are the most commonly used joint types in the offshore wind industry. The analysis indicates general agreement of fatigue strength with the thickness effects in current standard for in air conditions but great conservatism for corrosive environment.
Integrated into Environmental Biofilm Chromobacterium Vaccinii Survives Winter with Support of Bacterial Community
Authors: Egorova Daria A. , Voronina Olga L. , Solovyev Andrey I. , Kunda Marina S. , Aksenova Ekaterina I. , Ryzhova Natalia N. , Danilova Ksenya V. , Rykova Valentina S. , Scherbakova Anastasya A. , Semenov Andrey N. , Polyakov Nikita B. , Grumov Daniil A. , Shevlyagina Natalia V. , Dolzhikova Inna V. , Romanova Yulia M. , Gintsburg Alexander L.
Published: September 2020

Chromobacterium species are common in tropical and subtropical zones in environmental water samples and believed to «tropical» species. Here we describe an environmental case of resident Chromobacterium vaccinii in biofilms associated with Carex spp. roots in Moscow region, Russia (warm-summer humid continental climate zone). We performed broad characterization of individual properties as well as surrounding context for better understanding the premise of C. vaccinii survival during winter season. Genome properties of isolated strains propose some insights into adaptation to habit and biofilm mode of life, including social cheaters carrying ΔluxR mutation. Isolated C. vaccinii differs with previously described strains in some biochemical properties and some basic characteristics like fatty acid composition as well as unique genome features. Despite potential to modulate membrane fluidity and presence of several genes responsible for cold shock response, isolated C. vaccinii didn`t survive during exposure to 4 °C, while in initial complex biofilm it was able to survive for months in vitro at 4 °C. Surrounding bacterial community within the same biofilm with C. vaccinii represented a series of psychrophilic bacterial species which may share resistance to low temperatures with other species within biofilm and provide C. vaccinii opportunity to survive during cold winter season.
The Population Genetics of Ploidy Change in Fungi
Authors: Gerstein Aleeza C. , Sharp Nathaniel
Published: September 2020

Ploidy is a significant type of genetic variation, describing the number of chromosome sets per cell. Ploidy evolves in natural populations, clinical populations, and lab experiments, particularly in fungi. Despite a long history of theoretical work on this topic, predicting how ploidy will evolve has proven difficult, as it is often unclear why one ploidy state outperforms another. Here, we review what is known about contemporary ploidy evolution in diverse fungal species through the lens of population genetics. As with typical genetic variants, ploidy evolution depends on the rate that new ploidy states arise by mutation, natural selection on alternative ploidy states, and random genetic drift. However, ploidy variation also has unique impacts on evolution, with the potential to alter chromosomal stability, the rate and patterns of point mutation, and the nature of selection on all loci in the genome. We discuss how ploidy evolution depends on these general and unique factors and highlight areas where additional experimental evidence is required to comprehensively explain the ploidy transitions observed in the field and the lab.
A Conceptual Re-evaluation of Reproductive Coercion: Centring Intent, Fear and Control
Authors: Tarzia Laura , Hegarty Kelsey
Published: September 2020

Background: Reproductive coercion and abuse (RCA) is a hidden form of violence against women. It includes behaviours intended to control or dictate a woman’s reproductive autonomy, for the purpose of either preventing or promoting pregnancy. Main text: In this commentary, we argue that there is a lack of conceptual clarity around RCA that is a barrier to developing a robust evidence base. Furthermore, we suggest that there is a poor understanding of the way that RCA intersects with other types of violence (intimate partner violence; sexual violence) and – as a result – inconsistent definition and measurement in research and practice. To address this, we propose a new way of understanding RCA that centres perpetrator intent and the presence of fear and control. Recommendations for future research are also discussed. Conclusion: We suggest that IPV and SV are the mechanisms through which RCA is perpetrated. In other words, RCA cannot exist without some other form of co-occurring violence in a relationship. This has important implications for research, policy and practice including for screening and identification of women in reproductive healthcare settings.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Central Nervous System of a 1-Year-Old Infant Submitted to Complete Autopsy
Authors: Gomes Ismael Carlos , Karmirian Karina , Oliveira Julia , Pedrosa Carolina , Rosman Fernando Colonna , Chimelli Leila , Rehen Stevens
Published: September 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was initially characterized as a respiratory illness. Neurological manifestations were reported mostly in severely affected patients. Routes for brain infection and the presence of virus particles in situ have not been well described, raising controversy about how the virus causes neurological symptoms. Here, we report the autopsy findings of a 1-year old infant with COVID-19. In addition to pneumonitis, meningitis and multiple organ damage related to thrombosis, a previous encephalopathy may have contributed to additional cerebral damage. SARS-CoV-2 infected the choroid plexus, ventricles, and cerebral cortex. This is the first evidence of SARS-CoV-2 detection in an infant post-mortem brain.
Gap Assesment of Solid Waste Management (SWM) Practices and Challenges in Nine Densely Populated Cities of Nepal before and during Lockdown Due to COVID-19
Authors: Adhikari Bikash , Koirala Saroj
Published: September 2020

The nationwide lockdown imposed to control the spread of novel coronavirus induced dramatic alterations in different sectors of the Nepalese governance including Solid Waste Management (SWM) practices. This study identifies SW collection gaps in nine major cities of Nepal, and highlights the municipal and public hearings on SW management practices before and during the lockdown with a view to emphasize the linkage between Covid-19 and SWM. It includes information on solid waste workers safety practices, collection coverage dynamics, types of vehicles operated for collection and alternative methods adopted by households to manage SW during the collection gaps. It was found that although the coverage of the collection service was similar during the pandemic, there was drastic decrease in the collection frequency leading to a collection gap of 560.58 tons/day and no proper measures were adopted in more than 50% of the households surveyed for SWM during the collection gap. The study reveals poor occupational health and safety practices among the solid waste workers due to unavailability of safety gears and equipment, in spite of being aware of the modes of transmission of the virus. The pandemic exacerbated the challenges of smooth SWM making its significance as an essential service more apparent. This highlights the need of a timely strategic emergency management framework to be developed by the government to continue the invaluable public service without any hindrance.
Effects of User Characteristics on the Usability of Home Connected Medical Device: The Case of Smart Angel
Authors: Chaniaud Noémie , Megalakaki Olga , Capo Sophie , Loup-Escande Emilie
Published: September 2020

The Smart Angel connected medical device allows ambulatory surgery patients to monitor their health by taking their own blood pressure and oxygen levels and by answering a health questionnaire from home. This preventive device must necessarily be "usable" by patients with different profiles. The objective of this article is, therefore, to better understand the links between certain characteristics of potential patients and usability. We conducted an experimental study involving thirty-six participants, investigating the effects of four patient characteristics (i.e. age, education, technophilia and health literacy) on usability measured in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction. The results show a moderate correlation between age, health literacy and usability. However, there is a weak correlation between technophilia and usability and no relationship between the level of education and usability. This study provides theoretical insights into the effects of user characteristics by means of personas in usability (ISO 9241-11).
Accelerating Tomato Breeding by Exploiting Genomic Selection Approaches
Authors: Cappetta Elisa , Andolfo Giuseppe , Di Matteo Antonio , Barone Amalia , Frusciante Luigi , Ercolano Maria Raffaella
Published: September 2020

Genomic selection (GS) is a predictive approach that was build up to increase the rate of genetic gain per unit of time in breeding programs. It has emerged as a valuable method for improving complex traits that are controlled by many genes with small effect. GS enables the prediction of breeding value of candidate genotypes for selection. In this work we address important issues related to GS and its implementation in tomato breeding context. Genomic constrains and critical parameters affecting the accuracy of prediction in such crop such as phenotyping, genotyping training population composition and size and statistical method should be carefully evaluated. Comparison of GS approaches for facilitating the selection of tomato superior genotypes during breeding program are also discussed. GS applied to tomato breeding has already shown to be feasible. We illustrated how GS can improve the rate of gain in elite lines selection, descendent and in backcross schemes. The GS schemes begin to be delineated and computer science can provide support for future selection strategies. A new breeding framework is beginning to emerge for optimizing tomato improvement procedures.
Hot Incremental Forming of Biocomposites Developed from Flax Fibre and a Thermoplastic Matrix
Authors: Torres Sandino , Ortega Roberto , Acosta Pablo , Redroban Cristian , Calderón Edisson
Published: September 2020

The use of biodegradable materials has a growing field of application due to environmental concerns, however, scientific research on incremental forming using biomaterials is scarce. Thus, this study focuses on the single point incremental forming (SPIF) process applied to a composite sheet that combines a biodegradable thermoplastic matrix (Solanyl) reinforced with natural fibres (flax). The influence of the process parameters on the final geometry is determined, evaluating the effect of the following factors: step depth, wall angle and temperature reached during the process. Additionally, a heated aqueous medium is incorporated which facilitates the formability of the composite sheets. This method is especially useful for materials that have poor formability at room temperature. The benefits of using controlled heat include the reduction of formation forces applied to the plate, improved accuracy due to the reduction of elastic recovery, and the manipulation of the samples remarkably close to the glass transition temperatures. Through this experimental study with the variables analysed, a maximum shaping depth of 310 mm is obtained. These results confirm that the single point shaping used with bioplastic materials is possible and has positive outcomes for incremental forming.
Crumb Rubber as a Secondary Raw Material from Waste Rubber: A Short Review of Processing Methods
Authors: Lapkovskis Vjaceslavs , Mironovs Viktors , Kasperovich Andrei , Myadelets Vadim , Goljandin Dmitri
Published: September 2020

Despite the development of technologies, modern methods of disposal of end-of-life tires most often represent either the incineration in cement kilns or the destruction of tires in special landfills, showing a lack of sustainable recycling of this valuable material. The fundamental role of recycling is evident, and the development of high-efficiency processes represents a priority for the European market. Therefore, investigation of end-of-life rubber processing methods is of high importance for manufacturers and recyclers of rubber materials. In this paper, methods of processing of end-of-life tires are reviewed in order to obtain rubber crumb, which can later be used in the production of new industrial rubber goods and composite The processes of separation end-of-life tire into fractions by type of materials using mechanical processing methods along with mechanochemical and mechanical processes of processing the materials of used tires in order to obtain crumb rubber of various fractions and chemical reactivity are considered.
Evolution of Subduction Dynamics beneath West Avalonia in Middle to Late Ordovician Times
Authors: Jutras Pierre , Murphy J. Brendan , Quick Dennis , Dostal Jaroslav
Published: September 2020

Middle to Upper Ordovician volcanic rocks in the Arisaig area of Nova Scotia, Canada, constitute the only known record of volcanism in West Avalonia during that interval. Hence, they have been extensively studied to test paleocontinental reconstructions that consistently show Avalonia as a drifting microcontinent during that period. Identification of volcanic rocks with an intermediate composition (the new Seaspray Cove Formation) between upper Darriwilian bimodal volcanic rocks of the Dunn Point Formation and Sandbian felsic pyroclastic rocks of the McGillivray Brook Formation has led to a reevaluation of magmatic relationships in the Ordovician volcanic suite at Arisaig. Although part of the same volcanic construction, the three formations are separated by significant time-gaps and are shown to belong to three distinct magmatic subsystems. The tectonostratigraphic context and trace element contents of the Dunn Point Formation basalts suggest that they were produced by the high-degree partial melting of an E-MORB type source in a back-arc extensional setting, whereas trace element contents in intermediate rocks of the Seaspray Cove Formation suggest that they were produced by the low-degree partial melting of a subduction-enriched source in an arc setting. The two formations are separated by a long interval of volcanic quiescence and deep weathering, during which time the back-arc region evolved from extension to shortening and was eventually onlapped by arc volcanic rocks. Based on limited field constraints, paleomagnetic and paleontological data, this progradation of arc onto back-arc volcanic rocks occurred from the north, where an increasingly young Iapetan oceanic plate was being subducted at an increasingly shallow angle. Partial subduction of the Iapetan oceanic ridge is thought to have subsequently generated slab window magmatism, thus marking the last pulse of subduction-related volcanism in both East and West Avalonia.
U-Th-Pb Geochronology and Lu-Hf Isotope Geochemistry of Detrital Zircons in Metasedimentary Rocks of the Southern Coast Mountains Batholith
Authors: Dafov Michelle N. , Carrera Anahi , Gehrels George E. , Alberts Dan , Pereira Mekha , Cecil M. Robinson , Rusmore Margaret E. , Stowell Harold H. , Woodsworth Glenn J.
Published: September 2020

Most metasedimentary rocks in the southern Coast Mountains batholith are of uncertain tectonic affinity because they occur in discontinuous pendants surrounded by large intrusive bodies, and many protolith features are obscured by regional deformation and metamorphism. This study uses U-Th-Pb ages and Lu-Hf isotope signatures of detrital zircons in metasedimentary rocks in Bute, Loughborough, and Knight Inlets in an effort to test possible correlations with the adjacent Wrangellia, Alexander, Taku, Yukon-Tanana, and Stikine terranes. Detrital zircons from metasedimentary samples yield ages that belong to age groups of 590-528 Ma (peak age of 560 Ma), 485-432 Ma (peak age of 452 Ma), 356-286 Ma (peak age of 307 Ma), and 228-185 Ma (peak ages of 215 and 198 Ma). A small number of ~1.1-1.9 Ga grains are also present. εHft values of the 590-185 Ma grains yield a progression from intermediate (0 to +5) values to more juvenile (mostly +4 to +15) values from Neoproterozoic through early Mesozoic time. The Comparison of these results with similar data sets from adjacent terranes demonstrates that primary connections with the Yukon-Tanana and Taku terranes are unlikely but are consistent with primary connections with the Wrangellia, Stikine, and/or Alexander terranes. Unfortunately, the available constraints are not sufficient to eliminate any of these options or the possibility that the pendants are a unique tectonic fragment. Zircons from the metasedimentary samples also yield U-Th-Pb ages of 165-128 Ma (peak age of 152 Ma) and 114-88 Ma (peak age of 102 Ma). εHft values of these zircon domains are mostly juvenile (+7 to +13). Comparison of U concentrations, U/Th values, and CL textures of zircons from the metasedimentary samples, leucocratic sills that intrude the pendants, and surrounding plutonic bodies suggests that most of the young grains, as well as widespread younger rims on older grains, grew during metamorphism associated with emplacement of the adjacent plutonic bodies. Some young grains were derived from thin felsic sills or veins that were unintentionally included in the sampled material.
La consideración (y desconsideración) del territorio en los programas patrimoniales territoriales de la Unesco: Convención del Patrimonio Mundial, Programa Hombre y Biosfera (MaB) y Programa Internacional de Ciencias de la Tierra y Geoparques
Authors: Silva Pérez Rocío , Fernández Salinas Victor
Published: September 2020

Desde su creación en 1945 la Unesco ha experimentado un progresivo acercamiento al territorio. Ello ha tenido lugar principalmente, aunque no solo, a través de los programas encaminados a la preservación del patrimonio natural y cultural, un campo en el que la organización se ha convertido en referente doctrinario y en marchamo de prestigio. Pero el territorio no siempre aparece en ellos de forma explícita y como referente claro. Las informaciones territoriales son a menudo superficiales y de carácter disperso, fragmentario y casi críptico. Este artículo pretende identificar las formas en las que el territorio está presente en los programas patrimoniales territoriales de la Unesco. A tal fin, se procede a la conceptuación e identificación de esos programas y se indaga en sus referentes espaciales desde una doble acepción de territorio (una de carácter político-administrativo y otra de carácter geográfico) y a partir de dos escalas espaciales aparentemente opuestas (la global y la local). Se concluye en la prelación de la Unesco por el territorio político frente al territorio geográfico, particularmente en las escalas globales; en cambio, en las locales, el territorio visto en clave geográfica cobra relevancia, aunque siempre con un importante protagonismo de los Estados.
Designing and evaluating an interprofessional education conference approach to antimicrobial education
Authors: Guilding Clare , Hardisty Jessica , Randles Elsa , Statham Louise , Green Alan , Bhudia Roshni , Thandi Charan Singh , Teodorczuk Andrew , Scott Lesley , Matthan Joanna
Published: September 2020

BackgroundArguably, Medical School curricula are deficient in learning opportunities related to the safe and effective use of medicines, in particular antimicrobials. Infection management is complex and multidisciplinary, and learning opportunities should reflect these principles. Aligned to the complexity of the subject matter, simulation and interprofessional based teaching are methods that can foster the collaborative skills required of future healthcare professionals. There have been calls to develop these methods in the teaching of safe prescribing and the management of infections; however, reports of such studies are limited. MethodsWe developed an interprofessional education (IPE) conference for second year undergraduate medical and pharmacy students based in the North East of England. We considered contact theory in the design of three small group interprofessional workshops, on the broad themes of antimicrobial stewardship, infection management and patient safety. A mixed methods approach assessed students’ attitudes towards IPE, barriers and facilitators of learning, and perceived learning gains. Qualitative data from workshop evaluation forms were analysed thematically, while quantitative data were analysed descriptively and differences between medical and pharmacy cohorts analysed using unpaired two-tailed t-tests.Results226/352 students returned the workshop evaluation forms (66% of pharmacy students, 62% of medical students). 281/352 students responded to a series of Likert scale questions on the value of interprofessional education (88% of pharmacy students, 70% of medical students). Students reported acquisition of knowledge and skills, including concepts and procedures related to infection management and antimicrobial prescribing, and the development of problem-solving and critical evaluation skills. Students reflected on their attitude towards interprofessional collaboration. They reported a greater understanding of the roles of other healthcare professionals, reflected on the importance of effective communication in ensuring patient safety, and were more confident to work in interprofessional teams after the conference. ConclusionsA robust IPE event, theoretically underpinned by contact theory and developed collaboratively, achieved interprofessional learning at scale and helped develop healthcare professionals willing to collaborate across disciplines. The resources, and evaluation insights based on the 3P (presage, process, and product) model of learning and teaching, will be of value to other educators who seek to develop theoretically-sound IPE interventions.
Meal Replacement in Dietary Management of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Chen Lew Leong , Ludin Arimi Fitri Mat , Shahar Suzana , Manaf Zahara Abdul , Tauhid Noorlaili Mohd
Published: September 2020

Background:The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been increasing globally. Without proper management, T2DM can develop into serious complications and even death. Diet modification is one of the most effective tool in managing T2DM at the early stage but it requires knowledge and compliance from the patients. Thus, meal replacement (MR) has gained its popularity as a tool for diet modification to improve glycemic control and also reducing weight in T2DM patients. There are several existing meal replacement studies but not much is known on the general scope and effect of these existing MRs. Hence, this review is aimed to provide an overview of the existing evidences regarding the application of meal replacement on T2DM patients and identify the gaps or limitation in the studies.Methodology:The scoping review will be carried out in six stages. (1) identifying the research question, (2) identifying relevant studies through electronic databases (ie. Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Reviews, Google Scholar, EBSCOHOST, Science Direct) and also grey literature, (3) selection of studies to be included based on inclusion criteria. Search and initial screening of studies to be included will be conducted by two independent reviewers. Discrepancies will then be solved through discussion with other reviewers, (4) Chart and categorize extracted data in a pretested data extraction form, (5) collating, summarising and reporting the results and lastly, (6) conducting consultation with stakeholders and experts in diabetes.Discussion:This scoping review protocol is aimed to provide a framework enabling us to map and summarize the findings from existing studies involving meal replacement. It will help researchers to identify research gap and provide recommendations for future meal replacement studies. The results from this scoping review will be useful to various stakeholders in healthcare. It is also part of a research project in which the information obtained will be utilized in clinical trial of a developed meal replacement plan. Dissemination of knowledge will also be done through presentations at related scientific conferences.
International relevance of Two Measures of Awareness of Age-Related Change (AARC)
Authors: sabatini serena , Ukoumunne Obioha C , Ballard Clive , Brothers Allyson , Kaspar Roman , Collins Rachel , Kim Sarang , Corbett Anne , Aarsland Dag , Hampshire Adam , Brooker Helen , Clare Linda
Published: September 2020

Background: A questionnaire assessing awareness of positive and negative age-related changes (AARC gains and losses) was developed in the US and Germany. We validated the short form of the measure (AARC-10 SF) and the cognitive functioning subscale from the 50-item version of the AARC (AARC-50) questionnaire in the UK population aged 50 and over. Methods: Data from 9,410 participants (Mean (SD) age= 65.9 (7.1)) in the PROTECT cohort were used to explore and confirm the psychometric properties of the AARC measures including: validity of the factor structure; reliability; measurement invariance across men and women, individuals with and without a university degree, and in middle age, early old age, and advanced old age; and convergent validity with measures of self-perception of aging and mental, physical, and cognitive health. We explored the relationship between demographic variables (age, sex, marital status, employment, and university education) and AARC. Results: We confirmed the two-factor structure (gains and losses) of the AARC-10 SF and the AARC-50 cognitive functioning subscale. Both scales showed good reliability and good convergent validity for AARC losses, but weak convergent validity for AARC gains. For both scales metric invariance was held for the two subgroups defined by education level and age. For the AARC-50 subscale, but not for the AARC-10 SF, strong invariance was also held for the two subgroups defined by sex. Age, sex, marital status, employment, and university education predicted AARC gains and losses. Conclusions: The AARC-10 SF and AARC-50 cognitive functioning subscale identify UK individuals who perceive age-related changes in their mental, physical, and cognitive health.
Do the dynamics of vaccine programs improve the full immunization of children under the age of five in Cameroon?
Authors: DEFFO Rodrigue NDA'CHI , KAMGA Benjamin FOMBA
Published: September 2020

Background

Among the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), three were devoted to health. Two amongst which MDG4 in relation to the reduction of infant mortality has not been achieved in Least Developed Countries (LDC). In Africa, a significant part of infant mortality is due to vaccine-preventable diseases administered free of charge by the Extended Program on Immunization (EPI). As such, in the "social equity" pillar of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), the MDGs related to health have yet been taken into account.

Methods

We use data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 1991, 1998, 2004 and 2011 carried out by the National Institute of Statistics (NIS). The module concerning EPI vaccines was administered to 3350, 2317, 8125 and 25524 under 5 in 1991, 1998, 2004 and 2011 respectively. The Immunization analysis was made from the logistic model for complete immunization and the Oaxaca's decomposition to assess the contribution of the unexplained part, which is that of the strategies/programs implemented between 1991 and 2011 by the EPI to improve immunization.

Results

In general, children with vaccination card are more than 7 times likely to be fully immunized than their counterparts who do not have any. This result was higher in 1991 (approximately 57) and lowest in 2011 (5). In addition, the child's birth order reduces his/her probability of being fully immunized and the impact increases with the latter's birth order. On the other hand, the mother's age as well as her level of education increase the child's likelihood of receiving all basic vaccines. Moreover, the contributions of EPI partners in terms of immunization support as well as strategies to promote immunization through communication for development are of a particular importance in increasing immunization coverage. They significantly explain 67.62% of the 0.105 gain recorded within the 2011-2004 period and 72.46% of the 0.069 gain recorded within the 2004-1998 period.

Conclusion

The contribution of EPI partner organizations is fundamental for the achievement of EPI objectives. Since they contribute to increase the likelihood of fully immunized children. The link with child immunization is done through the specific characteristics to the mother.
Therapeutic Benefits of Music-Based Synchronous Finger Tapping In Parkinson’s Disease – an fNIRS Study Protocol for Randomized Controlled Trial in Dalian, China
Authors: Pu Lanlan , Qureshi Nauman Khalid , Ly Joanne , Zhang Bingwei , Cong Fengyu , Tang William C. , Liang Zhanhua
Published: September 2020

Background: Music therapy improves neuronal activity and connectivity of healthy persons and patients with clinical symptoms of neurological diseases like Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Major Depression. Despite the plethora of publications that have reported the positive effects of music interventions, little is known about how music improves neuronal activity and connectivity in afflicted patients.Methods: For patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease (PD), we propose a daily 25-minute music-based synchronous finger tapping (SFT) intervention for 8-weeks. Eligible participants with PD are split into two groups: an intervention group and a control arm. In addition, a third cohort of healthy controls will be recruited. Assessment of finger tapping performances, the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), an n-back test, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), as well as oxygenated- (HbO2), deoxygenated- hemoglobin (HbR), and total hemoglobin activation collected by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) are measured at baseline, week 4 (during), week 8 (post), and week 12 (retention) of the study. Data collected from the two PD groups are compared to baseline performances from healthy controls.Discussion: This exploratory prospective trial study investigates the cortical neuronal activity and therapeutic effects associated with an auditory external cue used to induce automatic and implicit synchronous finger tapping in patients diagnosed with PD. The extent to which the intervention is effective may be dependent on the severity of the disease. The study’s findings are used to inform larger clinical studies for optimization and further exploration of the therapeutic effects of movement-based music therapy on neural activity in neurological diseases.Trial Registration: The participant recruitment and study protocol have received ethical approval from the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University. The hospital Protocol Record number is PJ-KY-2019-123. The protocol was also registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on December 30, 2019 with the Identifier of NCT04212897 and named “fNIRS Studies of Music Intervention of Parkinson's Disease.” The current protocol is version 1.1, revised on September 1, 2020.The URL of the trial registry record is:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04212897?term=NCT04212897&draw=2&rank=1
Ontogeny of hepatic metabolism in mule ducks highlights different gene expression profiles between carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways
Authors: Massimino William , Davail Stéphane , Seccula Aurélie , Andrieux Charlotte , Bernadet Marie-Dominique , Pioche Tracy , Ricaud Karine , Gontier Karine , Morisson Mireille , Collin Anne , Panserat Stéphane , Houssier Marianne
Published: September 2020

Background: The production of foie gras involves different metabolic pathways in the liver of overfed ducks such as lipid synthesis and carbohydrates catabolism, but the establishment of these pathways has not yet been described with precision during embryogenesis. The early environment can have short- and long-term impacts on the physiology of many animal species and can be used to influence physiological responses that is called programming. This study proposes to describe the basal hepatic metabolism at the level of mRNA in mule duck embryos in order to reveal potential interesting programming windows in the context of foie gras production. To this end, a kinetic study was designed to determine the level of expression of selected genes involved in steatosis-related liver functions throughout embryogenesis. The livers of 20 mule duck embryos were collected every four days from the 12th day of embryogenesis (E12) until 4 days after hatching (D4), and gene expression analysis was performed. The expression levels of 50 mRNAs were quantified for these 7 sampling points and classified into 4 major cellular pathways.Results: Interestingly, most mRNAs involved in lipid metabolism are overexpressed after hatching (FASN, SCD1, ACOX1), whereas genes implicated in carbohydrate metabolism (HK1, GAPDH, GLUT1) and development (HGF, IGF, FGFR2) are predominantly overexpressed from E12 to E20. Finally, regarding cellular stress, gene expression appears quite stable throughout development, contrasting with strong expression after hatching (CYP2E1, HSBP1, HSP90AA1). Conclusion: For the first time we described the kinetics of hepatic ontogenesis at mRNA level in mule ducks and highlighted different expression patterns depending on the cellular pathway. These results could be particularly useful in the design of embryonic programming for the production of foie gras.