bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A120: Analyzing the Relationship Between Physical Fitness Test Results
and YPLQ Scores in Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Jiang Yuhan , Dai Xiaotong
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: As the future pillars of the country, the physical
fitness level of our junior high school students and high school deserves to
receive attention as the cornerstone of their study and life. As a part of
China's national physical fitness monitoring, student physical fitness
monitoring can reflect the current situation of students' physical fitness
and health in a more objective way. The Youth Physical Literacy
Questionnaire (YPLQ), as a physical fitness assessment tool, can reflect the
physical fitness of youth. In this study, descriptive statistics and
correlation analyses were conducted to investigate the correlation between
the physical fitness scores of students from several junior high schools and
high schools in Beijing and Shanghai and the results of the YPLQ.

Methods: Questionnaire Survey Method, Test Method, Mathematical Statistics
Method. Questionnaire survey method: The physical literacy questionnaire was
distributed to the subjects to obtain the results. Test method: The physical
fitness test data of the subjects were obtained through the physical fitness
test of the students. Mathematical statistics method: SAS 9.4 software was
used to statistically analyze the results of the physical fitness test and
the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were first performed for the total
scores of the two, and then correlation analysis was performed. A total of
1851 students' physical fitness test results and adolescent physical
literacy questionnaire results were included in this study.

Results: (1) The total score of the physical fitness test of the subjects was
79.05±10.62 with a minimum score of 27.30 and a maximum score of 100.00. (2)
YPLQ score of the subjects was 81.63±6.32 with minimum score of 60.61 and
maximum score of 99.57. (3) Correlation coefficient of 0.33 was obtained
using Pearson correlation analysis, p < .0001.

Conclusion: Through the results of students' physical fitness test in several
schools taken, the average score of students' physical fitness test did not
reach the level of excellence, the gap between the lowest and the highest
scores was large, and students' physical fitness and health levels varied.
YPLQ was evaluated in four dimensions, namely, emotional experience,
physical ability, physical activity-related behaviors and knowledge
comprehension and application ability, and its scores were significantly
correlated with the scores of the adolescent physical test. The scores of
the YPLQ could reflect the physical health level of the students to a
certain extent.
A121: Mediating Effects of Physical Fitness Index Between Physical
Activity and Executive Function in Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Wang Jinxian , Wu Jian , Wu Huipan , Ma Yuanyuan
Published: January 2025

Objective: To explore the mediating effect of physical fitness
index between physical activity and executive function in Chinese
adolescents, and to provide some theoretical basis for improving
adolescents' physical fitness status and executive function.

Methods: Using stratified whole group sampling, 5336
adolescents aged 13-18 were selected from six regions in China and were
subjected to physical fitness tests, executive function tests and physical
activity surveys. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to analyze the
relationship between adolescents' physical fitness index, physical activity
and executive function. Mediated effects models were fitted using the
bootstrap mediation procedure in the PROCESS (version 4.2) SPSS macro
prepared by Hayes, and the mediated effects of adolescent physical fitness
index in the relationship between physical activity and executive function
were examined using Model 4 in the PROCESS SPSS macro.

Results: The correlation coefficients between adolescent
physical fitness index and inhibitory control reaction time were all
0.00094, p > 0.05; the correlation coefficients between adolescent
physical fitness index and working memory (1-back and 2-back) reaction time
were -0.13 and -0.093, respectively, p < 0.05; the correlation
coefficient between adolescent physical fitness index and cognitive
flexibility reaction time was -0.17, p < 0.05. The correlation
coefficient between physical activity and physical fitness index in
adolescents was 0.040, p < 0.05. The mediated effect values of physical
fitness index between physical activity and the refreshing function (1-back
and 2-back) and the switching function were -0.005 (95%CI= -0.0143 –
-0.0022), -0.0094 (95%CI= -0.0256 – -0.0044) and -0.0023 (95%CI= -0.0063 –
-0.0010).

Conclusion: There was a fully mediated effect of physical
fitness index between physical activity and executive function.
A122: Connections Between Mindfulness, Obsessive Passion, Cognitive State
Anxiety, and Obligatory Exercise
Authors: Li Qianyuan , Li Li , Liao Weikang
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: In the current trend of increasing
youthfulness and age reduction in competitive sports, the issue of
obligatory exercise among young athletes is becoming more severe. This not
only affects the physical and mental health of athletes but also hampers
their prospects in the world of sports. This study used a cross-sectional
research design, employing convenience sampling and snowball sampling
methods. While delving into the impact of mindfulness on the issue of
obligatory exercise among young athletes, it revealed the mediating role of
obsessive passion and cognitive state anxiety.

Method: The researchers contacted athletes from four
universities, youth training centers, and high-level clubs in different
provinces of central and southern China. Among the respondents, (1) 69% of
the participants were under the age of 23; (2) in the past year, about 70%
of athletes participated in sports competitions only 1-3 times. The reason
for this relatively high number is attributed to the official lifting of
COVID-19 prevention and control measures in China on January 8, 2023,
allowing sports competitions to resume. Prior to that date, sports
competitions could not be held normally, and athletes were unable to
participate in them.

Results: This study progressed to scrutinize the structural
model using AMOS v.23, aimed at substantiating the formulated hypotheses.
Employing 5,000 bootstrap samples, the outcomes of CFA consistently aligned
with established criteria (χ2/df = 2.755,
GFI = 0.907, NFI = 0.940,
TLI = 0.954, CFI = 0.961,
RMSEA = 0.066), unequivocally indicating an alignment
between the model and empirical data. The findings distinctively underscored
the indirect effect of mindfulness on obligatory exercise, which was
mediated through cognitive state anxiety and obsessive passion. This
mediation yielded a robust estimate of -0.297 (SE = 0.041,
CI = [-0.377, -0.213], p <
0.001).

Conclusion: This study identified mindfulness can indirectly
improve the obligatory exercise issues of young athletes by reducing
obsessive passion and cognitive state anxiety, acting as two mediating
variables. Therefore, this study recommends that athlete management
organizations and coaches prioritize monitoring the mental health levels of
athletes and integrate mindfulness training into their daily routines. The
data collection for this study was primarily concentrated in the central and
southern regions of China. To ensure the generalizability of research
conclusions, subsequent studies may consider expanding the sampling range
and implementing random sampling.
A129: Middle School Students of Bullying Victimization and Internet
Addiction
Authors: Liu Yang , Xiao Ting , Xu Lei , Peng Jinyin , Ma Yuanyuan , Chen Yiyi , Zhang Tiancheng , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2025

Background and Objective: Internet addiction is a prevalent
issue among today's adolescents, particularly among students who experience
bullying victimization. Furthermore, anxiety is a common psychological
response among these students, which can further exacerbate their internet
addiction. However, physical exercise, as an effective regulator, has the
potential to alleviate the severity of internet addiction in middle school
students who are victims of bullying. This study aimed to investigate the
factors influencing internet addiction in students who experience bullying
victimization, with the goal of providing a theoretical basis for
intervention and prevention strategies targeting internet addiction in this
population.

Methods: A sample of 422 first-year junior high school students
(age: 12.26 ± 0.46; male: 209, female: 233) from an urban school was
selected for this study. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey,
which included measures of bullying victimization, anxiety levels, internet
addiction severity, and physical activity levels. Data analysis was
conducted using SPSS 26.0 software and the PROCESS plugin. Correlation
analysis, mediation effect modeling, and moderation effect modeling were
employed to analyze the relationships among the main variables, to examine
the mediating role of anxiety between bullying victimization and internet
addiction, and to explore the moderating effect of physical activity in this
relationship.

Results: The results showed a significant positive correlation
between the level of bullying victimization among middle school students and
both anxiety levels and internet addiction. In addition, internet addiction
was significantly and negatively correlated with physical activity. Anxiety
was found to partially mediate the relationship between bullying
victimization and internet addiction (β = 0.338,
t = 7.202, p < 0.001). Moreover,
the level of physical activity significantly predicted the degree of
internet addiction among bullying victimization students, indicating a
negative interaction (interaction term of bullying victimization and
physical activity: β = -0.089, t = -1.975,
p < 0.05).

Conclusion: This study uncovered the relationship between
internet addiction and anxiety among students who experienced bullying
victimization, while also confirming the beneficial role of physical
exercise in reducing internet addiction. Furthermore, the study revealed
that physical exercise has a moderating effect within the mediation of
anxiety. These findings suggest that interventions targeting internet
addiction in bullying victimization students should address not only their
mental health status but also promote their engagement in physical exercise.
In summary, this study provides a theoretical foundation and practical
guidance for intervening in internet addiction and addressing issues related
to bullying among contemporary adolescents.
A130: Exercise Goal Orientations, Behavioral Regulation, Physical
Activity, and Subjective Vitality Among Chinese University Students
Authors: Yi Mingyue , Wu Chuzhu
Published: January 2025

Introduction/objective: Subjective vitality is a crucial factor
for overall well-being, as it positively impacts both physiological and
psychological health. However, the underlying process through which exercise
goal orientations (GOEM) predict subjective vitality (SV), mediated by
exercise regulations (BREQ) and physical activity (PA), need further
elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the direct effect of GOEM on SV,
as well as the mediating role of BREQ and PA.

Methods: A sample of 492 Chinese university students (47% are
female; 27% are freshman, 28% are sophomore, 23% are junior, and 22% are
senior) completed self-report measures including the Subjective Vitality
Scale, Goal Orientation in Exercise Measure, Regulation Questionnaire, and
Physical Activity Questionnaire. Structural Equation Modeling was utilized
to analyze the data, employing a regression model to determine the direct
effect of GOEM on SV, and path analysis to evaluate the mediation of BREQ
and PA.

Results: Exercise task orientation significantly and positively
influenced subjective vitality (β = 0.455, P < 0.001), explaining 23.8%
of the variance (P < 0.001). Additionally, exercise ego orientation had a
positive effect on subjective vitality (β = 0.234, P < 0.001), although
this effect was significantly lower than that of task orientation (Wald
value = 25.897, P < 0.001). The model accounted for 9% of the variance in
subjective vitality (P < 0.01). Mediation analyses indicated a
significant mediating effect of exercise behavioral regulations (excluding
external regulation) and physical activity (none of the 95% confidence
intervals for the estimates contained 0).

Conclusion: These findings contribute to the understanding of
the mechanisms underlying the effects of exercise goal orientation on
subjective vitality, furthering Achievement Goal Theory and
Self-Determination Theory.
A131: Analyzing the Perception of Gender Differences Toward Esports Among
American College Students
Authors: Luo Xianhua , Chen Li , Yang Yong , Rathee Nirmaljit
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: Electronic sports (Esports) have continued
to grow in popularity and commercial significance. Understanding the
evolving dynamics of gender within this domain is critical. The
self-perception model was used as the framework for designing an
individual-level Esports perception for both genders (male and female), to
increase Esports participation and perceptive function in college students
living in east coast of the US. Thus, the purpose of this study was to
investigate the perception of gender differences in Esports among American
colleges.

Methods/Design: 600 eligible college students participated in
this study from North American higher education institutions. The research
instrument of Perception of Esports (PES) survey was used for validity and
reliability measurement (Chen, et al., 2020). The measurement questions were
component element by five perception factors (Attraction, Economic,
Recognition, Socialization, Technicity). The college students filled out the
survey and investigators collected the survey from postsecondary education
institutions. The respondents were divided into a female group
(n = 318) and a male group (n = 282).
Data analyses included descriptive statistics, ANCOVAs test with repeated
measures controlling for gender, reliability, and using a Post hoc Scheffé
test.

Results: ANCOVAs with repeated measures controlling for gender,
indicated significant differences in the factors of Attraction
(F = 30.55, p < 0.001), Economic
(F = 37.37, p < 0.001), Recognition
(F = 37.04, p < 0.001),
Socialization (F = 27.57, p < 0.001),
and Technique (F = 22.17, p < 0.001).
In terms of Esports college student’s perceptions with gender differences,
Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.904. Post hoc Scheffé tests revealed that the female
group test scored significantly lower than the male group on the factor of
recognition (M = 4.08 vs. M = 4.83). The
male group scored considerably higher than the female group on all five
perception factors (p < 0.05, M = 4.81
vs. M = 4.25).

Discussion/Conclusion: The study indicated that male Esports
college students perceived higher levels of Attraction, Economic,
Recognition, Socialization, and Technicity in Esports compared to female
college students. This could be because male college students spent more
time on Esports or video game activities than their female counterparts.
While Esports is predominantly perceived as a male-oriented field, female
college students are increasingly feeling empowered by opportunities within
Esports and are also confronting persistent stereotypes. Therefore, further
research is necessary to explore strategies for fostering inclusivity in
Esports environments.
A137: Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Affect Balance in Children
and Adolescents
Authors: Xu Shanshan , Zhong Weitan , Dong Weizhong , Zhao Caifeng , Hu Liang
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: The Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines
recommend an adequate level of physical activity, a limited amount of
recreational screen time use, and sufficient sleep duration for children and
adolescents. Affect balance is essential for children and adolescents’
physical health, psychological health, academic achievement and long-term
development. Daily movement behaviors have been shown to influence affect
balance with limited research. Whether and how meeting 24-hour movement
guidelines relates to affect balance remains unclear. The aim of this study
was to examine the relationship between meeting 24-hour movement guidelines
and affect balance, and to explore the mediating effects of executive
function and cognitive reappraisal.

Method: A total of 530 Chinese children and adolescents with a
mean age of 12.95 years (49.81% males) participated in this study. The three
components of 24-hour movement behaviors (physical activity, recreational
screen time, and sleep) were measured and coded respectively according to
guideline recommendations. Meeting 24-hour movement guidelines was handled
in terms of continuous variable (0 vs. 1 vs. 2 vs. 3). Participants also
completed the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, the Adolescent Executive
Function Scale, and the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire. SPSS 26.0 was
used for descriptive statistics, univariate analysis of variance and
correlation analysis of relevant data. The Hayes’ PROCESS 3.3 macro was used
to examine direct and indirect effects between variables.

Results: Meeting 24-hour movement guidelines showed a
significant and positive association with affect balance (β
= 1.413, p = 0.036). Executive function played a mediating
effect between meeting 24-hour movement guidelines and affect balance
(effect = 1.275, 95% CI: 0.486−2.083). Furthermore, executive function
and cognitive reappraisal played sequential mediating effects between
meeting 24-hour movement guidelines and affect balance (effect = 0.158, 95%
CI: 0.052−0.299). The total indirect effects of execution function and
cognitive reappraisal accounted for 55.84% of the total.

Conclusion/Discussion: Meeting 24-hour movement guidelines
promoted affect balance in children and adolescents by influencing executive
function and through the sequential mediating effects of executive function
and cognitive reappraisal. This study moved beyond prior research and
provided a more comprehensive understanding of whether and how meeting
24-hour movement guidelines relates to affect balance. It also provided some
enlightenment for the daily behavior management of children and adolescents.
Measures should be taken to improve moderate to vigorous physical activity,
ensure adequate sleep, and reduce recreational screen time to maintain
children and adolescents’ affect balance.
A138: Association of “Weekend Warrior” and Other Physical Activity
Patterns with Cognition Function in Older Adults
Authors: Zhao Caifeng , Xu Shanshan , Hu Liang
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: WHO guidelines on physical activity (PA)
and sedentary behavior recommend at least 150 minutes of moderate to
vigorous PA per week for cognitive benefits, but the relative impacts of
concentrated vs evenly distributed activity remain unclear. The “Weekend
Warrior” (WW) pattern is characterized by achieving the recommended PA
levels in one or two sessions. Despite its prevalence, the cognitive
benefits of WW pattern are not well-established. More research is required
to clarify the associations between PA and cognitive function in WW and
other PA patterns (e.g., inactive, regularly active). The aim of this study
was to explore the associations of WW pattern and other PA patterns with
cognitive function in older adults.

Method: Data of 2929 older adults with a mean age of 69.49
years (48.6% males) from NHANES 2011−2014 were used. Participants were
categorized into 3 PA patterns (inactive, weekend warrior, and regularly
active) by self-reported PA levels. They also completed the Word Learning
subtest (WL), the Animal Fluency Test (AFT) and the Digital Symbol
Substitution Test (DSST). Participant characteristics in different groups
were tested using the χ2 test and ANOVA tests. Linear regression models were
used to estimate the relationship between PA pattern and cognitive function.
Finally, stratified and interaction analyses were conducted to investigate
whether the association was stable among subgroups.

Results: The participants’ PA pattern distribution was inactive
1524 (52.03%), WW 58 (1.98%) and regularly active 1347 (45.99%). After
adjusting for these demographic covariates, behavioral factors, and disease
conditions, there were significant associations between regularly active
pattern and the scores of cognition function tests (β[95% confidence
intervals] for WL, AFT, DSST was 0.55[0.10,0.99], 0.96[0.60,1.33],
2.23[1.29,3.18], respectively) when compared with inactive pattern. However,
WW did not show significant effect on cognitive function whether compared
with regularly active or inactive pattern. Further stratified analyses
exhibited that WW pattern was significantly associated with cognitive
function in females, the Non-Hispanic White elderly and those suffering from
cancer. Age and race had significant interaction on the relationship between
PA pattern and cognitive function.

Conclusion/Discussion: Compared with inactive patterns,
regularly active patterns could significantly improve cognitive function in
the older adults, and WW pattern could improve cognitive function in some
specific subgroup elderly. It is preferable for older adults to spread the
recommended PA over the week; however, if time constraints exist, condensing
the activity into fewer days is deemed acceptable for certain groups.
A140: Effects of Hot-Compress and Low-Medium-Frequency Electrotherapy on
Pain, Proprioception and Functional Performance with Knee
Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Qi , Shen Peixin , Mao Dewei , Song Qipeng , Liu Ziyin
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most chronic
progressive diseases among older adults, leading to pain, impaired
proprioception, and decreased functional performance. This study aimed to
investigate the effects of an 8-week hot compress (TC) combined with
low-medium frequency electrotherapy (LMFE) on pain, proprioception, and
functional performance among older adults with KOA.

METHODS: Twenty-nine older adults with KOA were recruited and
randomly assigned to TC+LMFE (n=15, 69.4±2.8 years, 159.9±6.0 cm, and
68.9±8.7 kg) or TC (n=14, 69.1±2.0 years, 161.0±6.9 cm, and 68.2±9.7 kg)
groups. The TC+LMFE group received TC+LMFE treatment, and the TC group
received TC treatment for eight weeks with three 40-minute sessions per
week. At pre- (week0) and post-intervention (week9), their pain, knee
proprioception, and functional performance were assessed. The pain score was
recorded using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index
(WOMAC), the joint proprioception was assessed with the position perception
error values at 15°, 45° and 75° extension of the affected knee joint, and
functional performance was measured by the 20-m walk test. Two-way ANOVA
tests with repeated measures was adopted to analyze the data.

RESULTS: Significant group-by-intervention interactions were
detected in the pain score (p=0.041, η2
p=0.146), 45° (p=0.047, η2
p=0.138), and 75° (p=0.012, η2
p=0.213) position perception error of knee joint, and the 20-m
walk test (p=0.028, η2
p=0.167). Post hoc comparisons showed that compared with
week0, the pain score (TC+ LMFE group:
week0=22.27±7.19, week9= 9.13±2.78, p < 0.001,
d=2.410; TC group: week0=21.86±4.85,
week9=14.07±2.40, p < 0.001, d=2.033) was
decreased in both groups at week9, while the 45°
(week0=5.46 ± 2.89, week9=3.12 ± 2.65,
p=0.007, d=0.844) and 75° (week0=7.79 ±
5.85, week9=4.25 ± 3.28, p=0.004, d=0.746)
position perception error of knee joint were decreased only in the TC+ LMFE
group at week9. In addition, compared with
week0, the speed of the 20-m walk test
(week0=1.23 ± 0.21, week9=1.35 ± 0.21,
p=0.009, d=0.604) was also increased in the TC+ LMFE group
at week9. The pain score of the TC+ LMFE group was lower
than that of the TC group at week9 (TC+ LMFE group:
week9=9.13±2.78, TC group:
week9=14.07±2.40, p<0.001,
d=1.901).

CONCLUSION: Compared with the TC, the TC+ LMFE for eight weeks
was more effective in relieving knee pain, improving proprioception, and
enhancing functional performance among older adults with KOA.
A145: Effect of Wearing an Orthopedic Bandage on Plantar Pressure During
Walking in Stroke Patients
Authors: Liu Chenyan , Zhou Xinglong
Published: January 2025

Objective: The rehabilitation of walking function after stroke is very
important. Orthopaedic bandages are used because they offer additional
support and stability and are widely used in the rehabilitation of patients
with cerebral apoplexy. This study, through research on orthopedic bandage
use in patients with hemiplegia after stroke, examined the speed walking
foot pressure characteristics, and the influence of the design to provide
the basis for function of patients with hemiplegia rehabilitation and
guidance.

Methods: A total of 12 patients with chronic hemiplegia after stroke who
could walk independently were selected as study subjects. The participants
were asked to stand on the extension board with bare feet or barefoot with
the orthopedic bandage, and to walk back and forward on an extension board
and pressure plate according to their own walking habits. SPSS 13.0 software
was used for statistical analysis. Paired t-tests were used to test the
differences in plantar pressure distribution, peak plantar pressure, and
foot axis angle between the healthy and affected sides before and after
wearing the bandage.

Research Results: ① When walking barefoot and wearing orthopedic braces, the
pressure distribution on the lateral side of the affected metatarsal bone
was 21.52±2.88% and 19.9±2.85%, respectively. After wearing the
orthopedic brace, the pressure distribution on the lateral side of the
metatarsal bone was significantly lower than when walking barefoot (P <
0.05). The midfoot pressure distribution was 18.89±4.75% and
24.97±4.75%, respectively. After wearing the orthopedic brace, the
midfoot pressure distribution was significantly higher than when walking
barefoot (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the
pressure distribution of the healthy side (P > 0.05). ② Peak plantar
pressure: There was no significant difference in the peak plantar pressure
between the affected side and the healthy side during the barefoot walking
and bandage walking support period (P > 0.05). ③ Foot axis angle: There
was no significant difference in foot axis angle between the affected side
and the healthy side (P > 0.05), and there was no significant difference
in foot offset angle ratio (affected foot offset angle/healthy foot offset
angle) between the stroke patients walking without or wearing orthopedic
bandages (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: The use of bandages helps to improve the plantar stress during
walking in stroke patients. In the future, research could be expanded to
continue studying the effect of orthopedic bandage winding on plantar
pressure distribution and walking function in stroke patients.
A149: Relationship Between Physical Activity and Mental Health of Chinese
High School Students
Authors: Yang Sixin , Wang Lingzhi , Pan Xuefeng
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship
between physical activity and mental health of Chinese high school students
and its mediating mechanism. It aimed to provide relevant empirical evidence
for improving the mental health of this group.

Method: A cross-sectional survey of 2,345 high school students
in Jiangsu, China, was conducted using the International Physical Activity
Questionnaire-Short-Chinese Version, Mental Health Scale for Secondary
School Students and School Adaptation Scale for High School Students. After
screening and elimination, 2,090 valid data were obtained (51.39% boys, age:
16.45±0.71 years). Non-parametric tests corresponding to the independent
samples t-test (Mann–Whitney U test) and Bootstrap method were used for this
study.

Result: The results showed that: (1) Gender differences in
physical activity, mental health, and school adaptation of Chinese high
school students were significant (Cohen’s d = 0.410, -0.103, 0.245), (2)
Physical activity directly predicted mental health but also indirectly
affected mental health through the mediating effects of school adaptation.
Therefore, the results of this study suggested that school adaptation
partially mediated the relationship between physical activity and mental
health of Chinese high school students.

Conclusion: The results suggest that physical activity of high
school students could positively predict their mental health and contribute
to their mental health through the mediating role of school adaptation. The
results revealed the effects and mechanisms of physical activity on mental
health of high school students and provided new inspiration and ideas for
the pathway of physical activity promoting the mental health level of
Chinese high school students.
A150: Analysis of the Mechanism of Resveratrol's Action on Myocardial
Energy Metabolism in Exercise-Induced Fatigue Rats
Authors: Xu Shang , Cai Jinru , Hu Yulong
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: Promotional effects of resveratrol on
myocardial mitochondrial energy metabolism in exercise-induced fatigue rats
were investigated by network pharmacology and animal experiments.

Method: In the present study, the effects of resveratrol on
myocardial energy metabolism were assessed using network pharmacology with
enrichment analysis. Forty-eight healthy male SD rats of 6–8 weeks of age
were selected and randomly divided into blank control group (C), resveratrol
administration group (R), exercise fatigue group (E), and exercise fatigue +
resveratrol administration group (ER) with 12 rats in each group. Rats in E
group and the exercise fatigue + ER group were weight-bearing 5% swimming
for 60 min per day, exercising 6 days a week and 1 day off for 6 weeks.

Results: 1,359 exercise-induced fatigue disease targets, 2,385
heart failure disease targets, and 266 resveratrol targets were screened; a
total of 62 intersecting targets were identified. The GO-enriched pathway
analysis showed that resveratrol treatment of exercise-induced fatigue rat
heart failure mainly affected three aspects: Biological processes
(circulatory system, regulatory system, and positive regulation of cell
migration), cell synthesis (septal rafts, membrane microregion, and
perinuclear region), and molecular functions (heme binding, tetrapyrrole
binding, and protease activity); KEGG-enriched pathway analysis showed that
resveratrol treatment of exercise-induced fatigue rat heart failure was
mainly affected from cancer pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis pathway, and
AMPK pathway. Compared with C, E rats showed a significant increase in heart
weight and body weight (P < 0.05), a significant increase in the activity
levels of CK-MB and cTnI (P < 0.01), significantly lower activity levels
of myocardial COX and SDH (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and significant
decreases in the activity levels of the mitochondrial energy
metabolism-related genes SIRT1, PGC-1Α, and ERRΑ with
significantly lower mRNA expression levels (P < 0.01). Compared with E,
ER rats showed a significant reduction in heart weight and body weight (P
< 0.05), a significant reduction in the activity levels of CK-MB and cTnI
(P < 0.05), a significant increase in the activity levels of myocardial
COX and SDH (P < 0.01), and the mRNA of SIRT1, PGC-1Α, and ERRΑ
expression levels were all significantly increased (P < 0.05).

Conclusion/Discussion: Resveratrol ameliorated the extent of
myocardial injury by improving myocardial energy metabolism in
exercise-induced fatigue rats.
A154: MyoAAV 2a-Mediated Neurturin Improves the Pathological and Motor
Function of Mdx Mice
Authors: Mu Yuzhen , Song Yafeng
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: Neurturin is a muscle secretory factor
mediated by PGC-1Α1. Studies have shown that Neurturin has the function
of coordinating the integrity of muscle fibers and their motor neurons and
improving motor ability. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular
disease in which people gradually lose their mobility. Therefore, the aim of
this study was to explore the pathological improvement of mdx mice treated
with Neurturin.

Methods: (1) MyoAAV 2A-Neurturin viral tool was prepared by
HEK293T three-plasmid system. (2) Three male and three female SPF newborn
C57BL/10ScSn mice and six male and six female
C57BL/10scsn-Dmdmdx/J mice were used in the experiment.
C57 mice were used as the control group (C57+PBS), and mdx mice were divided
into virus injection group (mdx+Ntrn) and control group
(mdx+PBS). The mice in the mdx+Ntrn
were injected with 1.0E+13 vg/kg MyoAAV 2A-Neurturin, and the mice in the
C57+PBS and mdx+Ntrn were injected with the same volume of
PBS. (3) Grip strength, treadmill running performance, and creatine kinase
were measured after 4 weeks. (4) Statistical methods: The results were
expressed as mean ± standard error, a one-way ANCOVA test was used
between groups, and P < 0.05 was considered
statistically significant.

Results: (1) The titer of MyoAAV 2A-Neurturin was 1.0E+13
vg/ml. The migration distance of VP1:VP2:VP3 bands in silver staining was
consistent with that of the corresponding molecular weight bands in Marker,
and the ratio was close to 1:1:10. (2) In the grip strength test, compared
with the mdx+PBS, the relative grip strength of the
mdx+Ntrn increased (P = 0.022).
Compared with the C57+PBS, relative grip strength of the
mdx+Ntrn increased, but the difference was not
statistically significant (P = 0.122). (3) In the treadmill
running performance test, compared with the mdx+PBS, the
exhaustion time of the mdx+Ntrn significantly increased
(P < 0.05). (4) Compared with the
mdx+PBS, the CK level of the mdx+Ntrn significantly
decreased (P < 0.05). The CK level of the
mdx+Ntrn showed a downward trend, but the difference
was not statistically significant (P = 0.099).

Conclusion/Discussion: The grip strength and exhaustion time of
mdx mice were improved, and the level of creatine
kinase decreased. Neurturin improved the pathological and motor function of
mdx mice. This study provided a new attempt for the
application of Neurturin in mdx mice and provides a new idea for the
treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
A157: The Meta-Analysis of Exercise Intervention Improving Typical
Symptoms of ADHD in Children
Authors: Chen Meiyuan , Wang Xiaozan , Kang Mengke
Published: January 2025

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of exercise interventions in
improving typical symptoms of ADHD in children, and to explore the influence
of factors.

Methods: Literature searches were conducted in seven major databases,
including PubMed and Web of Science, up to August 2023, collecting
randomized controlled trials on the effects of exercise interventions on
ADHD. Literature screening and selection were conducted by two researchers
independently, and a series of meta-analyses were conducted using Stata 16.0
software.

Results: Twenty randomized controlled trial articles were included, including
13 related to attention indicators and 17 related to behavior indicators.
Compared with the control group, exercise intervention could effectively
improve the attention and behavior of children with ADHD
(SMDbehavior = -0.66, 95% CI: -1.21 to -0.11, P < 0.05;
SMDattention = -0.53, 95% CI: -0.53 to -0.06, P < 0.05).
For exercise duration, ADHD children who participated in exercise for more
than 10 weeks showed better improvement in attention and behavior
(SMDattention-1-10 weeks = -1.15, 95% CI: -0.89 to -0.33;
SMDattention-more than 10 weeks = -1.1, 95% CI: -2.17 to
-0.07; SMDbehavior-1-10 weeks = -0.17, 95% CI: -0.36 to 0.03;
SMDbehavior-more than 10 weeks = -0.54, 95% CI: -0.81 to
-0.27). For participation frequency, ADHD children who participated in
exercise more than 3 times per week showed better improvement in behavior
(SMDbehavior-1-2 times/week = 0.15, 95% CI: -0.36 to -0.65;
SMDbehavior-3 times/week = -0.88, 95% CI: -1.50 to -0.26),
with no effect on attention. For exercise duration, the improvement in
children's attention increased with the increase in exercise participation
time (SMDattention-less than 40 mins = -0.06, 95% CI: -0.46 to
0.35; SMDattention-40-60 mins = -0.32, 95% CI: -0.98 to -0.34;
SMDattention-more than 60 mins = -1.29, 95% CI: -2.23 to
-0.88), with no effect on behavior. For exercise intensity, moderate
intensity was more conducive to improving attention, while moderate to high
intensity was more conducive to improving behavior
(SMDattention-moderate intensity = -1.6, 95% CI: -2.33 to
-0.88; SMDattention-moderate to high intensity = -0.57, 95% CI:
-1.43 to 0.30; SMDbehavior-moderate intensity = -0.25, 95% CI:
-0.68 to 0.18; SMDbehavior-moderate to high intensity = -1.01,
95% CI: -1.80 to -0.22).

Conclusion: Exercise interventions can effectively improve the attention and
behavior of children with ADHD, but for the improvement of different
symptoms, targeted exercise prescriptions should be considered.
A016: Effects of HIIT Combined with IET on Cardiac Structure and Function
in Women with NOW
Authors: Yang Lumeng , Zhang Peizhen
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The development of a society with increasing unhealthy lifestyles
and dietary habits leads to a rise in the population suffering from obesity
and cardiovascular disease (CVD). NWO individuals, who are hidden obese
individuals, are also at a similar risk. This study aimed to compare the
effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and HIIT combined with
intermittent energy restriction (IET) on cardiac structure and function and
to explore more effective exercise intensities and methods to provide
scientific exercise guidance to enhance vascular health and reduce CVD risk
factors in NWO women.

Method: Forty-five NWO women were randomly divided into a HIIT group, a HIIT
combined IET group, and a control group. They completed a maximal oxygen
uptake test and an isometric wall squat test to determine exercise
intensity. The two-exercise group underwent an 8-week exercise intervention,
with three sessions per week. The HIIT group alternated between exercise
intensities at 85% and 50% of VO2max, with each intensity lasting for 1
minute, totaling 20 sets with a duration of 40 minutes. The HIIT combined
with IET group performed 20 minutes of HIIT followed by 20 minutes of IET.
The IET intensity was at 95% of maximal heart rate, each IET set involved 2
minutes of exercise with a 2-minute rest interval in between. Cardiac
structure and function were measured before and after intervention and
subjected to statistical analysis.

Results: After the 8-week exercise intervention of HIIT or HIIT combined with
IET, compared to before the intervention, significant improvements in
interventricular septal thickness at diastole (IVSd) occurred in the HIIT
group (P < 0.01), while the HIIT combined with IET group showed
significant improvements in interventricular septal thickness at shrink
(IVSs, P < 0.05). Moreover, the changes in IVSd and IVSs before and after
the intervention were significantly greater in both exercise groups than in
the control group (P < 0.05). The improvement in SV in the HIIT combined
with IET group was significantly greater than in the control group (P <
0.05).

Conclusion: After an 8-week exercise intervention, HIIT significantly
improved IVSd in NWO women, while HIIT combined with IET significantly
improved IVSs. Furthermore, the improvement in SV in the HIIT combined with
IET group was greater. These results suggest that both HIIT and HIIT
combined with IET can improve cardiac structure in NWO women after an 8-week
intervention, and HIIT combined with IET is a more effective exercise
modality for improving cardiac function.
A165: An Experimental Study on the Influence of Peer-Mediated
Intervention on Social Interaction of Autistic Children
Authors: Zhang Shuning
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Based on theories of human movement development and
behaviorism, this study investigated the effects of a peer-mediated physical
education intervention on the social interaction abilities of children with
autism and provided recommendations for the development of large muscle
group movements in children with autism.

Method: This study was conducted in a special education school
in Changchun. A sample of 14 male children diagnosed with autism aged 5–7
years with mild and moderate symptoms were selected and paired according to
their social and motor performance and familiarity with each other. Seven
peer groups were formed for an 8-month peer-intervention physical education
intervention, which took the form of a large-muscle-group movement game. In
this study, we collected data on the motor ability of the autistic children
through the TGMD-3 scale and their social interaction ability through the
SRS scale. We analyzed the data through the paired samples t-test using SPSS
26.0.

Results: (1) The social interaction ability of autistic
children was significantly higher after the intervention (p
< 0.001). Among them, social cognition (p < 0.001),
social communication (p < 0.001), and social motivation
(p < 0.001) had a high increase in autistic
children, while behavioral approach (p = 0.001) had a small
increase, and social perception had the smallest increase
(p = 0.029). (2) Displacement motor and object
manipulation abilities of children with autism were significantly higher
after the intervention than before (p < 0.001). For
displacement motor ability, autistic children showed very significant gains
in side-sliding (p < 0.001) versus forward-sliding
(p < 0.001), larger gains in running
(p < 0.001) and standing long jump
(p < 0.001), and smaller gains in one-legged hopping
(p = 0.001) and bungee jumping (p =
0.006), which are difficult to accomplish for autistic children. In terms of
object manipulation, the post-intervention improvement in two-handed bat
swinging to hit a stationary ball was very significant for children with
autism (p < 0.001), with larger improvements in kicking
a stationary ball (p < 0.001), over-the-shoulder
pitching (p < 0.001), and two-handed catching
(p = 0.000, p < 0.001), with
smaller improvements in underhand throwing (p = 0.001), and
the smallest improvement in one-handed bat swinging to hit a bouncing ball
(p = 0.008), making it more difficult for children with
autism.

Conclusion: (1) Peer-mediated sports intervention had a
significant effect on the improvement of social interaction and motor skills
of children with autism. (2) The weekly intervention program followed the
principle of gradual progression with incremental changes, and the design of
the teaching content should reflect the law of from easy to difficult.
A168: The Effects of Physical Activity and Family Environment on
Executive Function in Preschool Children
Authors: Zhang Siyi , Wang Chunrong , Luo Dongmei , Qu Sha , Zhao Xing
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: Based on the investigation and analysis of
the current situation of physical activity, the family objective
environment, and executive function development of children aged 4–6
years, this study analyzed the correlation between the three, so as to
explore the influence of family objective environment and physical activity
on executive function, and provide a reference for families and
kindergartens to formulate effective interventions to improve the level of
physical activity and executive function of preschoolers.

Method: A total of 123 preschool children aged 4–6 years
old in a kindergarten in Beijing were selected as study participants. The
Acti Graph GT3X+ three-axis accelerometer, the Family Objective Information
Questionnaire, and the Executive Function Rating Scale-Preschool Edition
were used to test the level of physical activity (sedentary behavior and
low, moderate, high, and moderate-high intensity physical activity according
to the Butter cut-point), the family objective environment, and executive
function (metacognition, inhibit-control, and cognitive-flexibility),
respectively. Pearson correlations were used to analyze the relationship
between physical activity, family environment, and executive function, and
multivariable regression was used to explore the associations of physical
activity and family objective environment with children's executive
function.

Results: (1) Sedentary time was positively correlated with
metacognition, inhibit-control, and total scores of executive function
(p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between
different physical activity intensities and the total score of executive
function (p < 0.05), and low-intensity physical activity
was negatively correlated with cognitive-flexibility and metacognition
(p < 0.05). Except for the fact that there was no
correlation between high intensity and cognitive-flexibility, moderate,
high, and moderate-high intensity physical activity were negatively
correlated with inhibit-control and cognitive-flexibility
(p < 0.05). (2) Among the factors of family
objective environment, only the mother's education level was positively
correlated with the total score of executive function (r =
0.227, p < 0.05). (3) A multiple regression model was
established with MVPA and maternal education level as independent variables,
which could effectively predict the total score of children's executive
function (adjusted R2 = 0.203; p < 0.01).

Conclusion/Discussion: Sedentary time may be detrimental to the
executive function development of preschool children, while maternal
education level and physical activity at different intensities can help
improve the executive function of young children. It is recommended that
appropriate levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity will be more
conducive to the development of children's executive function.
A017: The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Subjective
Well-Being in Undergraduates
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhang Guoli
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The aims of this study were to explore (1) the relationship between
physical activity and subjective well-being of undergraduates and (2) the
mediating role of emotion regulation self-efficacy and resilience.

Method: Three hundred and one undergraduates were assessed using the physical
activity rating scale, regulatory emotion self-efficacy scale,
Connor-Davidson resilience scale and subjective well-being scale. SPSS
version 25.0 software was used to analyze the data.

Results: (1) Physical activity was significantly associated with emotion
regulation self-efficacy (r=0.208, p < 0.05), resilience (r=0.211, p <
0.05) and subjective well-being (r=0.200, p < 0.05). Emotion regulation
self-efficacy was significantly associated with resilience (r=0.767, p <
0.05) and subjective well-being (r=0.723, p < 0.05). Resilience was
significantly associated with subjective well-being (r=0.734, p < 0.05).
(2) Considering emotion regulation self-efficacy and resilience as mediating
variables, physical activity did not significantly predict resilience
(β=0.022, p > 0.05) and subjective well-being (β=0.027, p >
0.05); however, physical activity could significantly predict emotion
regulation self-efficacy (β=0.089, p < 0.05), emotion regulation
self-efficacy could significantly predict resilience (β=0.722, p <
0.05) and subjective well-being (β=0.819, p < 0.05), and resilience
could significantly predict subjective well-being (β=0.962, p <
0.05). (3) The mediating effect of emotion regulation self-efficacy was
significant in the relationship between physical activity and subjective
well-being (95%CI [0.035, 0.126]), while the chain mediating effect between
emotion regulation self-efficacy and resilience was significant in the
relationship between physical activity and subjective well-being (95%CI
[0.029, 0.109]).

Conclusion: Emotion regulation self-efficacy and resilience played a chain
mediating role between physical activity and subjective well-being. The
results of this study could provide some inspiration for the improvement of
undergraduates’ subjective well-being. However, this study was a
cross-sectional investigation that could not test the causal relationship
among variables. Future studies should use experimental or longitudinal
methods to further explore the mechanisms among these variables.