bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of hierarchical clustering protocols with fuzzy C-means
Authors: Barkouk Hamid , En-Naimi El Mokhtar , Mahboub Aziz
Published: April 2021

The longevity of the network and the lack of resources are the main problems within the WSN. Minimizing energy dissipation and optimizing the lifespan of the WSN network are real challenges in the design of WSN routing protocols. Load balanced clustering increases the reliability of the system and enhances coordination between different nodes within the network. WSN is one of the main technologies dedicated to the detection, sensing, and monitoring of physical phenomena of the environment. For illustration, detection, and measurement of vibration, pressure, temperature, and sound. The WSN can be integrated into many domains, like street parking systems, smart roads, and industrial. This paper examines the efficiency of our two proposed clustering algorithms: Fuzzy C-means based hierarchical routing approach for homogeneous WSN (F-LEACH) and fuzzy distributed energy efficient clustering algorithm (F-DEEC) through a detailed comparison of WSN performance parameters such as the instability and stability duration, lifetime of the network, number of cluster heads per round and the number of alive nodes. The fuzzy C-means based on hierarchical routing approach is based on fuzzy C-means and low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol. The fuzzy distributed energy efficient clustering algorithm is based on fuzzy C-means and design of a distributed energy efficient clustering (DEEC) protocol. The technical capability of each protocol is measured according to the studied parameters.
Dinâmica de valorização do solo urbano próximo de unidades de conservação – estudo de caso do bairro de Campo Grande, município do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Pereira Eloisa da Silva , Deus Leandro Andrei Beser de , Ribeiro Marta Foeppel , Costa Vivian Castilho da
Published: April 2021

O Plano de Estruturação Urbana (PEU) de Campo Grande, no município do Rio de Janeiro, estabelece diretrizes para o uso e a ocupação do solo e define parâmetros que ajudam a conter a expansão urbana em direção às unidades de conservação - APA Gericinó/Mendanha e Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB). O bairro representa uma importante centralidade econômica, atraindo pessoas, infraestruturas e serviços, além do PEPB ser atrativo para o mercado imobiliário destinado à classe média, enquanto as faixas de renda mais baixa seguem em direção à APA. Desta forma, pode-se dizer que o PEU abriu novas frentes de expansão urbana, acompanhadas de um aumento na intensidade do uso e ocupação do solo. Nesse contexto, destaca-se a abertura de espaços para receber empreendimentos do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV). Este artigo propõe analisar o crescimento habitacional em direção às duas citadas unidades de conservação, buscando também criar um cenário futuro para o ano de 2026, com o auxílio da ferramenta Land Change Modeler (LCM), do software Idrisi. Pretende-se discutir como tais mudanças têm reforçado a segregação socioespacial e impactado as áreas de conservação ambiental na área de estudo. Os resultados indicam que ocorreu maior perda da vegetação natural em direção ao PEPB, com aumento das residências de alto padrão, enquanto na direção da APA, houve pouca perda de vegetação natural e aumento de residências populares.
Functional Delineation of Prefrontal Networks Underlying Working Memory in Schizophrenia: A Cross-data-set Examination
Authors: Sanford Nicole , Woodward Todd S.
Published: April 2021

Background: Working memory (WM) impairment in schizophrenia substantially impacts functional outcome. Although the dorsolateral pFC has been implicated in such impairment, a more comprehensive examination of brain networks comprising pFC is warranted. The present research used a whole-brain, multi-experiment analysis to delineate task-related networks comprising pFC. Activity was examined in schizophrenia patients across a variety of cognitive demands. Methods: One hundred schizophrenia patients and 102 healthy controls completed one of four fMRI tasks: a Sternberg verbal WM task, a visuospatial WM task, a Stroop set-switching task, and a thought generation task (TGT). Task-related networks were identified using multi-experiment constrained PCA for fMRI. Effects of task conditions and group differences were examined using mixed-model ANOVA on the task-related time series. Correlations between task performance and network engagement were also performed. Results: Four spatially and temporally distinct networks with pFC activation emerged and were postulated to subserve (1) internal attention, (2) auditory–motor attention, (3) motor responses, and (4) task energizing. The “energizing” network—engaged during WM encoding and diminished in patients—exhibited consistent trend relationships with WM capacity across different data sets. The dorsolateral-prefrontal-cortex-dominated “internal attention” network exhibited some evidence of hypoactivity in patients, but was not correlated with WM performance. Conclusions: Multi-experiment analysis allowed delineation of task-related, pFC-anchored networks across different cognitive constructs. Given the results with respect to the early-responding “energizing” network, WM deficits in schizophrenia may arise from disruption in the “energization” process described by Donald Stuss' model of pFC functions.
Semantic Interference through Multiple Distractors in Picture Naming in People with Aphasia
Authors: van Scherpenberg Cornelia , Abdel Rahman Rasha , Regenbrecht Frank , Obrig Hellmuth
Published: April 2021

When we refer to an object or concept by its name, activation of semantic and categorical information is necessary to retrieve the correct lexical representation. Whereas in neurotypical individuals it is well established that semantic context can interfere with or facilitate lexical retrieval, these effects are much less studied in people with lesions to the language network and impairment at different steps of lexical-semantic processing. Here, we applied a novel picture naming paradigm, where multiple categorically related and unrelated words were presented as distractors before a to-be-named target picture. Using eye tracking, we investigated preferential fixation on the cohort members versus nonmembers. Thereby, we can judge the impact of explicit acknowledgment of the category and its effect on semantic interference. We found that, in contrast to neurotypical participants [van Scherpenberg, C., Abdel Rahman, R., & Obrig, H. A novel multiword paradigm for investigating semantic context effects in language production. PLoS One, 15, e0230439, 2020], participants suffering from mild to moderate aphasia did not show a fixation preference on category members but still showed a large interference effect of ∼35 msec, confirming the implicit mechanism of categorical interference. However, preferential fixation on the categorically related cohort words correlated with clinical tests regarding nonverbal semantic abilities and integrity of the anterior temporal lobe. This highlights the role of supramodal semantics for explicit recognition of a semantic category, while semantic interference is triggered if the threshold of lexical cohort activation is reached. Confirming psycholinguistic evidence, the demonstration of a large and persistent interference effect through implicit lexico-semantic activation is important to understand deficits in people with a lesion in thelanguage network, potentially relevant for individualized intervention aiming at improving naming skills.
Plowshares: The Career of a Biblical Allusion in The New York Times, 1940–1990
Authors: Smith-Christopher Daniel L.
Published: April 2021

Growing efforts to digitalize newspapers present biblical scholars, especially those interested in “Reception History” or “Popular Interpretation”, with a potentially rich resource. This experiment analyzes a clear “biblical” term, namely “Plowshare” (including a few variant spellings), with regard to its’ use in the New York Times between 1940 and 1990. The sheer number of uses (over 1200) and the variety of contexts for its’ use, is revealing. What emerges from the heavily politicized use of the term is that (a) it is virtually always understood to be a biblical reference to peace and peacemaking, but (b) there is a wide variety of perspectives as to whether it is an ethical maxim or an unrealistic “fantasy” in the face of hard political “realities”. Finally, using the two terms “swords” and “plowshares” together began to clearly emerge in the 20th century as a pious alternative to “guns and butter”, taking on the same “either/or” interpretation. Thus, studying Biblical interpretation in the popular press may offer an important tool in assessing “popular ideas” in specific contexts of world events or cultural contexts.
Can the Women Speak?: A Symptomatic Reading of the Women’s Silence in the Markan Ending
Authors: Jun Sunhee
Published: April 2021

Two prevalent interpretations of the women’s silence in the Markan ending—the silence as failure and as a religious response—share the assumption that the silence is the subjective action of the women. However, such interpretations fail to see the way in which the Markan women characters are constructed in the narrative, which is already colored by an androcentric and patriarchal lens. In this paper, I propose a symptomatic reading of the silence with a question “Can the women in Mark speak?” which is inspired by Spivak’s article “Can the Subaltern Speak?” (1999). An analysis of women’s speech in Mark shows how their voices are silenced in/by narrative. The women’s silence symptomatically appears from the Markan contradiction. On the one hand, Mark portrays the women positively on the surface; but soon after, Mark unconsciously dismisses the women from the narrative because of internalized androcentrism on the other.
No remnants of nasolacrimal ducts in any Desmognathini salamanders indicates loss early in their evolutionary history
Authors: Long Cody L. , Taylor Michael S. , Waltz James T. , Trauth Stanley E. , Itgen Michael W. , Siegel Dustin S.
Published: April 2021

Previous studies demonstrated that nasolacrimal ducts were present in the ancestral plethodontid lineage. Two lineages within Plethodontidae contain individuals that do not possess nasolacrimal ducts: Desmognathus and Eurycea. Earlier works examined only two species of Desmognathus, D. fuscus and D. monticola. We obtained every Desmognathini (Phaeognathus + Desmognathus) species possible from novel collections and museum collections and assessed presence or absence of nasolacrimal ducts using contrast-enhanced computed tomography and routine histological procedures. The goal was to test the hypothesis that nasolacrimal ducts were lost on the evolutionary branch leading to Desmognathus. We rejected our hypothesis by finding that nasolacrimal ducts were absent in all Desmognathus that we examined and Phaeognathus hubrichti; thus, we recovered the absence of nasolacrimal ducts on the evolutionary branch leading to Desmognathini.
Pattern biases, but not positional cues, influence learning in the little brown skink, Scincella lateralis
Authors: Paulissen Mark A.
Published: April 2021

Studies of many lizard species have established they are capable of learning to escape to one specific retreat out of several available retreats and will escape to it when subjected to a simulated predator attack. Recently, researchers have focused on the processes involved in learning, including what cues lizards use to learn to escape to a retreat. Previous work on the little brown skink lizard, Scincella lateralis, has shown that it is capable of learning to escape to a specific retreat when it has gained prior experience with its environment and that its performance is better when a retreat is associated with a vertical stripe local cue than when the retreat was associated with a horizontal stripe one. Here I report the results of two additional experiments undertaken to gain a better understanding of how little brown skinks react to cues in their environment. In Experiment 1, the positional cue test, I tested if little brown skinks could be trained to escape to a specific retreat when the only cue available was a positional cue that lizards could use to orient themselves by conducting a series of trials in which little brown skinks were trained to escape to the retreat to the left or the right of a vertical cylinder. Only 2 of the 16 (12.5%) little brown skinks met the learning criterion. This was not significantly different from what is expected if lizards chose their retreats at random suggesting little brown skinks are poor at learning when only a positional cue is available. In Experiment 2, the pattern bias test, I tested if the little brown skink’s superior performance learning to escape to a retreat with a vertical stripe cue in previous experiments was due to a bias for vertical stripes (or against horizontal stripes) through a series of trials in which little brown skinks had to choose between two escape retreats: one with a vertical stripe local cue and the other with a horizontal stripe local cue. A significant bias for the vertical stripe local cue retreat was found among 24 adults, but not among 12 neonates. These results suggest pattern bias among adult little brown skinks impacted the results of previous studies. The possibility that lizards may have biases for colours or shapes and that these biases may have an impact on learning studies is discussed.
Postproverbial and Postmodern Aesthetics in Ify Asia Chiemeziem’s New Media Proverbs
Authors: Fadare Nureni Oyewole
Published: April 2021

Postproverbials are postmodern proverbs that deconstruct the structural and semantic aspects of the traditional proverbs. They are proverbs coined either from the existing proverbs as anti-proverbs or from those that are created newly as new proverbs. The focus of this paper is to examine the tenets of the postproverbials and postmodernism found in the new media proverbs of Ify Asia Chiemeziem’s. About twenty-three proverbs are carefully selected from Chiemeziem’s Facebook wall grouped, and critically analysed according to their contents. References are made to some Yoruba, Nupe and Hausa postproverbials subject to further research. It is observed that most of the proverbs are decorated with sexual imageries, which deconstruct the hitherto held sacrilegious nature of human sex organs featuring in African proverbs. The proverbs are created for their humouristic purposes and as a tool for creating traffics on Chiemeziem’s Facebook wall. The selected new proverbs have proved that postproverbials give room for innovation and creativity, which engenders the formation of new proverbs. Postproverbials are not ethnic-based, rather, a postmodern phenomenon culturing across cultures and traditions. The paper, thus, concludes that the emerging facts about postproverbials are indications that the theory is viable and will endure the test of time.
Determining the Domain of Postproverbials in Human Language Development Theories and Stages
Authors: Ayodele Taiwo Adesoji
Published: April 2021

Language acquisition is a fundamental phenomenon in the linguistic enterprise. Chomsky claims that, “the human brain provides an array of capacities that enter into the use and understanding of Language (the language faculty (FL))”. Using the descriptive approach, this paper explores, justifies, and determines the place of the human linguistic capacity to articulate and engage postproverbials vis-a-vis Chomsky’s model of grammar and few scholarly positions. This article aims at providing evidence that, compared to others; Chomsky’s idea of linguistic competence is the most appropriate account for the use and understanding of postproverbials. The study revealed that the first sentences/the intermediate proficiency stage presents humans with the capacity to develop, use, and understand postproverbials, and this attains full development at the advanced fluency stage to establish postproverbial as one of the capacities that the human brain provides, located in the FL, and that its use and understanding is consciously employed.
The Devil is in The Detail: Disclosing The Impact of Religion on the Milk System in Ethiopia
Authors: D'Haene Eline
Published: April 2021

The influence of religion within food systems in developing economies has been understated in scholarly studies. With its different Christian, Islamic, and traditional faiths, Ethiopia offers a promising field for investigating the impact of religion on the milk system, the most important animal protein source in Ethiopian diets. In a first chapter, we investigate how the presence of a religious fasting period influences household milk intake in the country. The second and third chapter explore how milk producers have adapted to the demand seasonality caused by religious fasting practices in two different major milk production areas. In the two final chapters we investigate if and how religious ties facilitate milk transactions. This dissertation concludes that religious fasting practices have a clear impact on milk consumption and production in the country, thereby creating considerable market inefficiencies. Furthermore, we find evidence of market coordination problems along
Cambium phenology and dendrochronology of the endangered tropical tree Ocotea catharinensis Mez
Authors: da Costa Warlen Silva , Da Cunha Maura , Macedo Tahysa Mota , Iguatemy Mariana de Andrade , Quinet Alexandre , Rodrigues Pablo José Francisco Pena , Barros Claudia Franca
Published: April 2021

Ocotea catharinensis occurs mainly in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and is highly threatened by timber logging, forest fragmentation, and habitat loss. The remnant populations of this species are genetically rich, which may be related to the presence of long-lived trees, and so it is imperative to understand their growth and age. In this study, we analyzed trees of O. catharinensis from dense ombrophylous forest, its dendrochronological potential, the period of cambial activity and dormancy, and the influence of climate on annual growth. The species showed distinct annually-formed tree-rings, with cambial activity during summer and autumn, and cambial dormancy during winter and spring. A tree-ring width chronology was built from 1852–2015. The estimated age of the sampled trees varied from 40 to 164 years. O. catharinensis in our study site does not show a strong age–diameter relationship, hence similar diameters at breast height resulted in differences in ages by as much as 50 years. The resulting tree-ring width chronology is positively correlated with March precipitation, the transition month between rainy and dry seasons. This study brings valuable contributions to the understanding of the growth of O. catharinensis, which is a novelty for this species and important to the maintenance of these long-lived trees in natural forests.
Catholicization: Towards a Theological Praxis of the Unity of the Church of Jesus Christ in Celebration of the Upcoming 500th Anniversary of the Protestant Reformation
Authors: Hallig Jason Valeriano
Published: April 2021

Jesus’s prayer for unity needs a face. Evangelicals have been accused of a pathological tendency to fragment. And unless the Church addresses its disunity and deals with its calling for unity, both its life and ministry are at risk. Catholicization is an attempt to offer a theological praxis of the unity of the Church, putting emphasis both on theology and its practical relation to the life and ministry of the Church to make its spiritual unity an empirical one. This is a new ‘Reformation’ but this time towards a catholic movement. Catholicization is anchored in and founded upon four ‘distinctives’ of the unity of the Church, namely the Trinity, the Scripture, the creeds, and the liturgy.
New Testament Wealth Ethics in the Twenty-First Century: Some Constructive Considerations on Personal Piety and Public Progress
Authors: Hays Christopher M.
Published: April 2021

This article is a work of New Testament ethics which asks how to take seriously Jesus’s teachings on wealth and poverty in a global economy, where markets and finance might considerably aid the flourishing of the poor. It begins with a summation of the wealth-ethical teachings of the Third Gospel, encapsulating Luke’s teaching on wealth in the notion that disciples must commit all their resources to the Kingdom. The article then asks how constructively to appropriate this New Testament ethic for contemporary society. Finally, some comments are ventured on how one might transpose this biblical ethic onto the public sphere. It is the thesis of the present essay that recourse to the organizing concepts of repentance, sanctification, the double love command, and vocational diversity can enable the people of God faithfully to pursue the New Testament’s wealth ethical imperative that disciples commit all their possessions to the Kingdom.
Take Heart, We Have Overcome the World: Participatory Victory in the Theological-Ethical Framework of 1 John
Authors: Harriman K. R.
Published: April 2021

While studies in Johannine ethics continue to develop through analysis of broad ethical instructions, this paper contributes to the conversation by conveying the belief of participatory victory that seems to inform the ethical instruction of the author of 1 John. That is, in the midst of the cosmic conflict in which John and his fellow believers find themselves, John speaks from the vantage point of one who participates in the victory of Jesus to other participants in that victory. Though there is no explicit statement of this notion of participating in the victory of Jesus, its influential place in the authorial framework is discernible at several points in the text, such as when John uses the terminology and imagery of victory, uses the terminology and imagery of participation, and particularly when he converges these two streams of thought.
From Marilyn Manson to Amos: Navigating Pluralism in the Twenty-First-Century West
Authors: Anderson William H. U.
Published: April 2021

This is the second installment of a two part study which attempts to apply the theology of religious and cultural tolerance from Amos 2:1–3 to the pluralistic twenty-first-century West. Pluralism is not a new idea. In fact, Amos and both the Old and New Testaments are given in a pluralistic context. This study makes correlations with Patten’s article ‘Multicultural Dimensions of the Bible’ and the Pluralism Project at Harvard University. It attempts to demonstrate how both Jesus and the church navigated pluralism with religious and cultural tolerance. This article is a call to Christians to stand together and be strong in our faith, values and practices, while proclaiming the gospel and evangelizing in the context of the twenty-first-century pluralistic West in an uncompromising yet balanced and truly tolerant way.
‘By the Compass of the Word’: The Life and Piety of William Kiffen — A Quatercentenary Appreciation
Authors: Haykin Michael A. G.
Published: April 2021

William Kiffen, a central figure in the emergence of the British Particular Baptist community in the seventeenth century, came to congregationalist and baptistic convictions in the political and religious turmoil of the reign of Charles I. By the early 1640s he was a key leader among the Particular Baptists in London, and went on to play a central role in their establishment as a distinct community over the next six decades. He was personally acquainted with not only Oliver Cromwell, but also Charles II and James II. His major literary work was a defense of closed communion, in which he opposed the views of John Bunyan. Kiffen won this debate, and so determined the shape of Baptist polity in the following century.
First Peter’s Identity Theology and the Community of Faith: a test-case in how social scientific criticism can assist with theological ethics via biblical theology
Authors: Himes Paul A.
Published: April 2021

Evangelicals recognise that exegesis must ultimately lead towards ethics, or practical Christian living. Unfortunately, too often the roadmap for that process has been neglected, and the link between the two becomes disjointed. This article discusses SSC, biblical theology, and ethics in 1 Peter, but attempts to contribute to the discussion by showing how the three interrelate, in that the identity theology of 1 Peter represents a reaction to the social-religious circumstances of its audience. This reaction, in turn, naturally allows the author to transition into ethics for the Christian. By being aware of this interrelation (with biblical theology as the ‘hinge’ between SSC and ethics), the modern Christian can properly apply 1 Peter’s theology to their own circumstances and avoid potential abuses.
Intertextuality, Paul within Judaism, and the Biblical Witness against Same-Sex Practice
Authors: Olson Jon C.
Published: April 2021

In attempting to overturn the biblical witness against same-sex practice, several scholars and ecclesial bodies neglect intertextuality. Attention to where one Scripture interprets another helps to establish meaning and authorial intent. The Genesis creation story is used in Leviticus, the Gospels, and Romans, and Leviticus used in Acts, Romans, 1 Corinthians, and 1 Timothy. Paul was Jewish in his teaching against same-sex practice and in appealing to the Septuagint. The biblical witness against same-sex practice is rooted in creation, and the practice of reading the biblical witness against such behavior in a canonic synthesis reflects the intentions of the writers. The context of the passages, and the dynamic interplay between them, bring themes of God’s creative intentions, guidance, wrath, and redeeming righteousness together.
Divine Agency and Human Agency in the Sacramentology of T. F. Torrance
Authors: Irving Alexander J. D.
Published: April 2021

Torrance’s sacramentology is characterised by the unequal collaboration of divine agency and human agency. The sacraments of the Church derive their content and significance from the act of God through the incarnate Word (the primary Sacrament), and through the sacraments of the Church, Christ himself ministers to his Church. Ultimately, this collaborative sacramentology is conditioned by its being framed within the conceptual structure of the hypostatic union, which Torrance holds to be the normative example of the divine-human relationship. The hypostatic union thus provides the necessary unitive framework for sacramental theology. Within this unitive frame, Torrance presents baptism and the Eucharist as ecclesial acts which have their presupposition and content in the act of God in Jesus Christ.
Is Grace Free? Charis and Christ in Romans in Conversation with John Barclay’s Paul and the Gift
Authors: Heliso Desta
Published: April 2021

This article interacts with John Barclay’s Paul and the Gift as it explores the question of whether Paul thought that grace in relation to Christ was free in his epistle to the Christians in Rome. It examines grace in Romans and in the Patristic and Ethiopian interpretative traditions and finds an inextricable connection between the divine gift and the divine giver. Christ himself is the gift. The implications of this Christological focus for the concept of reciprocity are considered.
A Conversation Around Grace
Authors: Barclay John M. G.
Published: April 2021

This article responds to papers presented at a research conference at London School of Theology in April 2017 interacting with John Barclay’s Paul and the Gift, and subsequently published in Evangelical Quarterly. It responds in turn to Desta Heliso, Conrad Gempf, Matthew Jones, and Graham McFarlane on a journey from Paul to the Gospels, to Martin Luther King, and finally to Jacques Derrida.
The Raising of Lazarus and the Historical Deeds of Jesus
Authors: Harriman K. R.
Published: April 2021

The raising of Lazarus from the dead has proven to be a problematic story for biblical scholarship. Despite its significance in featuring Jesus raising a man who had been dead for four days and in being a catalyst for Jesus’s death, it is only mentioned in the Gospel according to John, possibly the latest of the canonical Gospels. Of course, the Lazarus story also raises the question that has inspired much discussion: Can a historian qua historian rationally affirm a miracle claim for a historical event? I argue that it is possible for a historian following a sound methodology to affirm that a miracle claim is the most likely explanation for an event. In the specific case of the Lazarus story, I argue that the most likely explanation is that it substantially reflects a genuine historical memory of one of Jesus’s deeds.
The Exodus Tradition in Psalm 105 and the Wisdom of Solomon: Notable Similarities
Authors: Stuart Streeter S.
Published: April 2021

The hymn found in 1 Chronicles 16:8–36 contains portions of Psalms 105:1–15; 96:1–13; and 106:47–48. Since the hymn occurs in a context which focuses upon placing the Ark of the Covenant on Mt. Zion, it is noteworthy that the verses from Pss. 105 and 106 say nothing about the Exodus, since the other verses of these two Pss. are heavy in the Exodus tradition, the primary location of the Ark narrative in the Pentateuch. Is it possible that these Pss. were known only in part or that portions were known to other writers? This article focuses on the similarities that exist between Ps. 105:16–45 and the Wisdom of Solomon. While the similarities do not prove that Ps. 105 directly influenced Pseudo-Solomon’s work, they are provoking enough to lead to that possible conclusion.
‘Grant me Grace’: Alternative Visions for Vernacular Theology and Lay Devotion in Richard Caister and Nicholas Love
Authors: Irving Alexander J. D.
Published: April 2021

Richard Caister is an important but unstudied example of vernacular theology in England in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries. Himself a priest, Caister’s extant work indicates a figure who departed from the conservative instutionalism of Thomas Arundel’s regime on two very important points: the suitability of the vernacular for theological and spiritual discourse and the necessity of auricular confession. The distinctive position Caister takes on these points can be observed best by a comparative analysis to Nicholas Love’s theological work which provided a theological rationale for Arundel’s restrictive legislation, articulating a negative view of the vernacular and of the capacity of the laity which endorsed lay dependence upon their Latinate clergy. This article argues that Caister provides an important alternative vision for vernacular theology and the laity predicated upon a thorough Christocentrism.
Fides Gratiae Caelestis: Bede, Pelagius and Divine Grace
Authors: Matherly Aaron D.
Published: April 2021

Writing from his monastery in the seventh and eighth centuries, the Venerable Bede (ca. 672–735) was one of the foremost scholars of his era. Primarily known for his Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Bede’s vast corpus also included theological works, sermons, and biblical commentaries. Although most scholarly attention focuses on his historiography, this article explores Bede’s views on the notorious fifth-century monk, Pelagius. After surveying the works of both authors and commenting on the spread of Pelagianism in Britain, the article concludes that Bede saw Pelagianism as a persistent threat to orthodoxy, some three hundred years removed from the Pelagian controversies in the fifth century.
The Response of the Nordic Seas to Wintertime Sea Ice Retreat
Authors: Wu Yue , Stevens David P. , Renfrew Ian A. , Zhai Xiaoming
Published: April 2021

The ocean response to wintertime sea ice retreat is investigated in the coupled climate model HiGEM. We focus on the marginal ice zone and adjacent waters of the Nordic seas, where the air–sea temperature difference can be large during periods of off-ice winds promoting high heat flux events. Both control and transient climate model ensembles are examined, which allows us to isolate the ocean response due to sea ice retreat from the response due to climate change. As the wintertime sea ice edge retreats toward the Greenland coastline, it exposes waters that were previously covered by ice, which enhances turbulent heat loss and mechanical mixing, leading to a greater loss of buoyancy and deeper vertical mixing in this location. However, under global warming, the buoyancy loss is inhibited as the atmosphere warms more rapidly than the ocean, which reduces the air–sea temperature difference. This occurs most prominently farther away from the retreating ice edge, over the Greenland Sea Gyre. Over the gyre the upper ocean also warms significantly, resulting in a more stratified water column and, as a consequence, a reduction in the depth of convective mixing. In contrast, closer to the coast the effect of global warming is overshadowed by the effect of the sea ice retreat, leading to significant changes in ocean temperature and salinity in the vicinity of the marginal ice zone.
Numerical simulation on the effect of pore pressure gradient on the rules of hydraulic fracture propagation
Authors: Lu Weiyong , He Changchun
Published: April 2021

To clarify the influence of pore pressure gradient on hydraulic fracture propagation, the stress distribution in and around the borehole is explained by theoretical analysis method in this paper. A mechanical model of hydraulic fracture initiation under the action of pore pressure gradient is established. Then coupled seepage-stress-damage software is used to simulate the initiation and propagation of hydraulic fractures in rock samples under the action of pore pressure gradient. Finally, the influence of the number and spatial position of the induction holes on the initiation and propagation of hydraulic fractures is analyzed. It is shown that: (1) Pore pressure gradient can effectively reduce the initiation pressure of hydraulic fractures. (2) The greater the pore pressure gradient is, the easier the hydraulic fracture is to spread to the region with high pore pressure. (3) With the action of pore pressure gradient, the hydraulic fracture is shaped as ‘丨’, ‘丿’ and ‘S’ types and can be represented by the four abstract conceptual models.
Slip Coefficient Testing of ASTM A709 Grade 50CR and Dissimilar Metal Bolted Connections
Authors: Provines Jason T. , Abebe Haddis
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to conduct slip coefficient testing of bolted connections made from ASTM A709 Grade 50CR steel to determine how they fit into the current AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications surface condition classifications. At this time, Grade 50CR steel is not included in these classifications because it was not being used for bridges when the existing surface condition classifications were developed. The slip coefficient tests in this study were conducted according to the Research Council of Structural Connections. Some test specimens were made up entirely of Grade 50CR steel, while others were dissimilar metal connections, consisting of Grade 50CR steel and either weathering or galvanized steel. Dissimilar metal connections were included in the testing because their use is anticipated in which a bridge girder would be constructed using both Grade 50CR steel and other ASTM A709 bridge steels. Results showed that unblasted Grade 50CR steel has a slip coefficient value of at least 0.30, meeting the current AASHTO Class A surface condition for unblasted steel. Blast-cleaned Grade 50CR steel from either steel shot or garnet media has a slip coefficient value of 0.50, meeting the current AASHTO Class B surface condition for blast-cleaned steel. When dissimilar metal connections are made with Grade 50CR steel, the design slip coefficient value of the connection can be taken as equal to the smaller of the two slip coefficient values being joined.
Experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior of glass fiber/high fluidity polyamide-based composites for automotive market
Authors: Ramezani-Dana Hossein , Gomina Moussa , Bréard Joël , Orange Gilles
Published: April 2021

In this work, we examine the relationships between the microstructure and the mechanical properties of glass fiber–reinforced polyamide 6,6 composite materials ( V f = 54%). These materials made by thermocompression incorporate different grades of high fluidity polyamide-based polymers and two types of quasi-UD glass fiber reinforcement. One is a classic commercial fabric, while the other specially designed and manufactured incorporates weaker tex glass yarns (the spacer) to increase the planar permeability of the preform. The effects of the viscosity of the polymers and their composition on the wettability of the reinforcements were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy observations of the microstructure. The respective influences of the polymers and the spacer on the mechanical performance were determined by uniaxial tensile and compression tests in the directions parallel and transverse to the warp yarns. Not only does the spacer enhance permeability but it also improves physical and mechanical properties: tensile longitudinal Young’s modulus increased from 38.2 GPa to 42.9 GPa (13% growth), tensile strength increased from 618.9 MPa to 697 MPa (3% growth), and decrease in ultimate strain from 1.8% to 1.7% (5% reduction). The correlation of these results with the damage observed post mortem confirms those acquired from analyses of the microstructure of composites and the rheological behaviors of polymers.
The Use of Quetiapine for the Management of Nausea and Vomiting in Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Hindmarsh Jonathan , Lee Mark
Published: April 2021

Nausea and vomiting are common in the palliative demographic and can significantly affect quality of life. Initial management strategies involve tailoring antiemetic selection to the underlying cause. Whilst in refractory cases, management is often switched to a broader spectrum antipsychotic agent (such as levomepromazine or olanzapine). Yet in individuals with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease antiemetics which antagonize central dopamine are avoided, as they have the potential to exacerbate motor control or even precipitate Parkinsonism-hyperpyrexia syndrome. Consequently, antiemetic options for patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease are limited. This is the first report of quetiapine being successfully used for the management of nausea and vomiting in an individual with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease.
Study of vibration modes and strain distribution of a flow energy harvester in the wake region of different bluff bodies
Authors: Agarwal Ankit , Purohit Ashish
Published: April 2021

This paper aims to analyze mode shapes and corresponding strain distribution in a two-dimensional plane structure exhibiting flow-induced vibration in the wake field of four different upstream bluff bodies such as cylinder, square, triangle, and D-shape. This research is important from the point of view of flow-induced piezoelectric energy harvesting; wherein, induced strain in the structure is directly related to the amount of energy generated. Mainly, all investigations are carried out at low Reynolds number ( Re = 200); however, to widen the scope of the work, other Reynolds numbers are also considered ( Re = 300, 500, and 750 ). The results obtained indicated that the plane structure vibrates in different mode shapes under different wake fields. The square section dominantly gives rise to the fundamental mode vibration, whereas, cylinder, D-shape, and triangular bluff body induce vibration in a mix of fundamental and higher bending modes. Analysis of the corresponding flow regime shows that the position of reattachment point of the downstream shear layer plays an important role in the realization of different vibration modes. The strain distribution under different cases revealed that the wake of a cylindrical bluff body produces highest peak strain, and D-shape bluff body results in highest cumulative strain. From the aspect of energy harvesting, a quantitative comparison of strain-induced and per second charge generation have indicated that for an equivalent flow condition, the D-shape will produce higher energy per unit time than the cases of a square, cylinder, and triangular cross-sections.
Basic Service Provisioning in Peri-urban India: A Regional Perspective from Kolkata Metropolis
Authors: Mondal Dinabandhu
Published: April 2021

In the globalising world, rapid urbanisation and expansion of cities trigger complex interactions with the surrounding rural areas and transform them into peri-urban areas. The peri-urban transitional spaces around cities experience rapid population growth and occupational diversification. However, they suffer from poor infrastructure and service provisions and the living condition has also been deteriorating over time with increasing population pressure. This article tries to explore accessibility to basic services in the transitional interfaces in comparison with the urban core and rural counterparts, taking Kolkata metropolis as a case. Using village level household information obtained from Census 2011, a composite amenity index by principal component analysis and one-way analysis of variance have been used to assess the status of services. The study finds that the condition of basic service provisions in peri-urban areas is unsatisfactory and far behind from the urban areas. It therefore resembles the hypothesis of “degenerated periphery” that the expansion of cities creates peripheries without basic civic amenities and infrastructural facilities necessary for its residents for maintaining the standard of living.
Rape and social death
Authors: Mann Bonnie
Published: April 2021

Rape that does not involve life-threatening physical violence, is committed by someone known to the victim, and is not reported to law enforcement (called, here, commonplace rape) raises two questions: “Why didn't she fight back or run away?” and “Why didn't she say anything at the time?” Recently, research on “tonic immobility,” based on animal predation studies, has provided a physiological explanation for experiences of immobilization during sexual assault. The juxtaposition of animal predation with commonplace sexual assault raises the question: How is it that a response reserved, in animals, for lethal, no-way-out scenarios is present in modes of violation where the victim does not report fear of death or extreme physical harm? Neither does this research help explain why women fail to report. This philosophical exploration of the meaning of tonic immobility in sexual assault helps to justify the juxtaposition of life-or-death scenarios with less-than-life-threatening violation, and sheds light on the reason for women's silence after sexual assault. Rape is accompanied by deep historical meanings that can be encapsulated in the notion of “social death,” associated in the U.S. with colonial conquest, enslavement, and impoverishment. The specter of social death haunts commonplace rape, producing life or death responses.
Improved simultaneous localization and mapping algorithm combined with semantic segmentation model
Authors: Cui Xuerong , Xue Shengjie , Li Juan , Li Shibao , Liu Jianhang , Chen Haihua
Published: April 2021

In the past decades, emerging technologies such as unmanned driving and indoor navigation have developed rapidly, and simultaneous localization and mapping has played unparalleled roles as core technologies. However, dynamic objects in complex environments will affect the positioning accuracy. In order to reduce the influence of dynamic objects, this article proposes an improved simultaneous localization and mapping algorithm combined with semantic segmentation model. First, in the pre-processing stage, in order to reduce the influence of dynamic features, fully convolutional network model is used to find the dynamic object, and then the output image is masked and fused to obtain the final image without dynamic object features. Second, in the feature-processing stage, three parts are improved to reduce the computing complexity, which are extracting, matching, and eliminating mismatching feature points. Experiments show that the absolute trajectory accuracy in high dynamic scene is improved by 48.58% on average. Meanwhile, the average processing time is also reduced by 21.84%.
Intragastric Single-Port Surgery: An Innovative and Multipurpose Technique for the Therapy of Upper Digestive Tract Lesions
Authors: Li Renjie , Veltzke-Schlieker Wilfried , Adler Andreas , Ismail Mahmoud , Badakhshi Harun , Zorron Ricardo
Published: April 2021

Background: Endoscopic treatment can represent a technical challenge for several special situations, such as resecting gastric tumors with larger size or in unfavorable sites and performing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). This study aims to describe an innovative and multipurpose technique, intragastric single-port surgery (IGS), which can be applied for abovementioned special situations and for assessing its safety, feasibility, and efficacy. Methods: IGS technique was performed through a 2–3 cm skin incision, where the stomach wall is exteriorized and fixed to the skin. The single-port device is inserted and intragastric access is gained for laparoscopic or endoscopic instruments. Three purposes of IGS were performed: (1). gastric intraluminal lesions resection; (2). to perform ERCP after RYGB; and (3). revision of pancreaticogastric anastomosis after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Results: IGS was performed successfully in 20 patients. Ten patients underwent gastric intraluminal lesion resection, mostly for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (n = 7, 70%); all pathological specimens were with negative margin, mean operation time was 102.3 ± 43.5 minutes, and mean postoperative hospital stay was 4.6 ± 1.5 days. Nine patients underwent ERCP after RYGB, cleaning of the bile duct was successful in all patients (100%), and mean operation time and mean postoperative hospital stay were 140.6 ± 46.3 minutes and 4.4 ± 2.6 days, respectively. One patient underwent pancreaticogastric anastomosis revision. There were no mortalities in our series. Conclusions: IGS is a safe, feasible, and effective technique for gastric intraluminal lesion resection and for performing ERCP after RYGB, while it has the potential for other future applications.
Expectations and Experiences of Women in Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Infant Feeding: A Qualitative Research Protocol
Authors: Adalia Esther G. , Hernández-Luengo Montserrat , Bartolomé-Gutiérrez Raquel , Rodríguez-Martín Beatriz , Jiménez-López Estela , Martínez-Andrés María
Published: April 2021

Maternity and pregnancy involve significant biopsychosocial changes in the lives of women. These changes determine their experience of motherhood and can be a crucial aspect in the choice of parenting style. Women require a source of knowledge and support that goes beyond the technical, clinical environment, led by qualified nurses for holistic and humanized care. The objective of this study is to identify women’s beliefs, expectations, and experiences of their motherhood and its different stages, and their perception of the care they receive, in order to enhance effective management of their new role at a health and social level. A phenomenological qualitative study using thematic analysis will be used, within the theoretical framework provided by the Social Cognitive Theory and the influence of gender. The sample size will be defined by the sampling saturation criterion and should include rural and urban women, with different socioeconomic status. The information will be collected with semi-structured interviews that will be analyzed based on the codification of the texts in three levels and the subsequent triangulation of the results. The biopsychosocial aspects involved in motherhood make it a complex process, with women as the main player. Therefore, mothers’ opinions on the barriers and enablers they encounter in their environment are essential to place them at the center of the process. In addition, knowing the perceptions of women could help improve the work of nurses, having impacts on the humanization of health care and responding to women’s needs during their motherhood.