bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAM83A promotes the progression and metastasis of human pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors by inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways
Authors: Zhou Bo , Zhou Xinbin , Zhan Canyang , Jin Ming , Yan Sheng
Published: February 2022

Background: Family with sequence similarity 83, member A (FAM83A) has been reported to play an important role in cancer progression and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role and mechanism of FAM83A in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs).
Methods: PanNET specimens and adjacent nontumor pancreatic tissues obtained from 68 patients who underwent curative surgery for PanNETs were assessed using immunochemical staining to identify FAM83A expression. The relationships between FAM83A expression, clinicopathological parameters and prognosis were statistically analyzed. PanNET cell lines were used to study the role of FAM83A in the progression and metastasis of PanNETs in vitro and in vivo.
Results: FAM83A was overexpressed in PanNET specimens compared with adjacent nontumor tissues. Furthermore, FAM83A expression was closely associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.02), perineural invasion (P = 0.001), the WHO classification (P = 0.039), AJCC stage (P = 0.01) and shorter disease-free survival in patients with PanNETs (P < 0.001). Enforced expression of FAM83A effectively promoted PanNET cell proliferation, migration, invasion and growth both in vitro and in vivo, whereas FAM83A inhibition exerted the opposite effects. Subsequent mechanistic investigations revealed that FAM83A promoted the progression and metastasis of PanNETs by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways. More importantly, specific inhibition of either the AKT or ERK pathways partially rescued the effect of FAM83A overexpression on promoting PanNET progression and metastasis.
Conclusions: FAM83A plays an important role in the progression and metastasis of PanNET by inducing the EMT via the activation of the ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways and may serve as a valuable molecular target in PanNET treatment.
Infecção do trato urinário: estudo de sensibilidade e resistência bacteriana em pacientes internados
Authors: Stinghel Maria Leopoldino , Kreitlow Dhiessika , Benz Carlos Franz , Chiarelli Neto Orlando
Published: February 2022

Infecção do Trato Urinário (ITU) é uma doença bacteriana que acomete principalmente o sexo feminino com maior prevalência em crianças e idosos. Os antibióticos possuem uma capacidade de inibir o crescimento bem como destruir as bactérias que causam a ITU. O uso de antibióticos sem condução do antibiograma tem aumentado o número de isolados resistentes. O foco deste estudo foi investigar a incidência e a resistência aos antibióticos das bactérias causadoras da ITU em hospitais de Colatina. Laudos da urocultura dos pacientes hospitalizados no período de 2015 a 2019 foram investigados. Faixa etária, sexo, agentes etiológicos mais freqüentes e resistência aos antibióticos foram analisados. A avaliação estatística foi realizada pelo programa Origin 8,0 a p<0,05. Os resultados mostraram maior incidência de ITU em crianças e idosos com acometimento maior em pacientes do sexo feminino (56%). Klebsiella pneumoniae (31%), Escherichia coli (29%), Enterococcus sp (20%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7%), Proteus (7%) e Stapylococcus coagulase negativa (6%) foram as bactérias mais prevalentes. Klebsiella pneumoniae mostrou-se resistente em 41% dos antibióticos administrados, Stapylococcus coagulase negativa 38%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 30%, Proteus 29%, Escherichia coli 21% e Enterococcus sp 19%. Amicacina, gentamicina, imipenem e vancomicina foram os antibióticos mais eficazes para o tratamento da ITU. Pacientes internados em hospitais de Colatina com ITU apresentaram resistência bacteriana em torno de 40% para a maioria dos antibióticos administrados. Portanto faz-se necessário o uso do antibiograma para evitar o aumento da resistência bacteriana nos ambientes hospitalares de Colatina – ES.
A influência da comunicação interna na inovação nas organizações: uma revisão sistemática integrativa
Authors: Reis Kleiton Luiz Nascimento , Baldessar Maria José
Published: February 2022

A comunicação interna é o elemento fundamental na inovação nas organizações? Para responder a esta pergunta, este artigo buscou verificar na base de dados Scopus publicações sobre tais temas e descobrir qual é a influência da comunicação interna na inovação nas organizações. Para tanto, foi feita uma revisão sistemática integrativa em dez das 195 publicações encontradas. A análise revelou que, de fato, a comunicação interna influencia na inovação e é responsável por, por exemplo, difundir ideias e enriquecê-las.
Petrobras: entre fatos, relatos e argumentos legitimantes
Authors: Santos Larissa Conceição dos
Published: February 2022

Este artigo apresenta um recorte analítico do livro A questão do petróleo no Brasil: uma história da Petrobrás, fundamentando-se metodologicamente nos métodos de macroanálise narrativa, para identificar o encadeamento dos fatos e o ordenamento lógico no processo de narrativização da história organizacional, análise das estratégias discursivas, a fim de compreender a maneira como a história e sua organização são representadas no discurso, e análise retórico-argumentativa, buscando evidenciar a construção argumentativa e identificar os elementos ou os temas legitimantes estrategicamente empregados.
Resenha
Authors: Achilles Daniele
Published: February 2022

Resenha de

FOUCAULT, Michel. A verdade e as formas jurídicas. Tradução Roberto Cabral de Melo Machado e Eduardo Jardim Morais. Rio de Janeiro: NAU, 2005, 160 p.
A leitura no ensino fundamental na perspectiva da BNCC e a relação com a biblioteca escolar
Authors: Ramires Angelina Quinalia , Fujita Mariângela Spotti Lopes
Published: February 2022

A leitura reflete diretamente nos índices de aprendizagem. A prática de leitura requer compreensão além de promover o contato frequente com diferentes gêneros textuais e o contato com outras culturas, o que desenvolve atitudes de respeito pela diversidade e empatia pelo diferente. A Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) contempla a leitura como um dos quatro eixos fundamentais da linguagem. Nesse sentido, estudamos aqui a importância das bibliotecas escolares nesse contexto e exemplificamos com a situação atual das bibliotecas das escolas de ensino fundamental de Marília, SP, bem como a importância do profissional da biblioteca para que se possa desenvolver um trabalho em conjunto entre bibliotecários, professores e alunos, a fim de promover um maior nível de literacia, desenvolvendo a oralidade e maior habilidade para a escrita.
Efetividade do GeneXpert® no diagnóstico da tuberculose em pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids
Authors: Faria Mariana Gaspar Botelho Funari de , Andrade Rubia Laine de Paula , Camillo Ana Julia Gonçalves , Leite Karina Fonseca de Souza , Saita Nanci Michele , Bollela Valdes Roberto , Rezende Carlos Eduardo Menezes de , Monroe Aline Aparecida
Published: February 2022

OBJETIVO Identificar e sintetizar o conhecimento científico produzido a respeito da efetividade do teste GeneXpert no diagnóstico da tuberculose (TB) pulmonar em pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids. MÉTODOS Revisão integrativa da literatura, cuja busca foi feita nas plataformas Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Cinahl, Academic Search Premier, Socindex e Lilacs, em dezembro de 2019. Os estudos levantados passaram por duas etapas de seleção: leitura dos títulos e resumos por dois revisores de forma independente, utilizando a plataforma Rayyan e leitura integral dos mesmos. Foram incluídos 19 estudos primários em inglês, português e espanhol que respondiam à pergunta norteadora do estudo: Qual é a efetividade do teste GeneXpert no diagnóstico da TB pulmonar em pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids? RESULTADOS A utilização do GeneXpert aumentou substancialmente a detecção de casos de TB entre a população coinfectada com HIV, com sensibilidade que variou de 68% a 100%, sendo superior à baciloscopia. A especificidade variou de 91,7% a 100%; o valor preditivo positivo, de 79,2% a 96,1%; e o valor preditivo negativo, de 84,6% a 99,3%, valores considerados semelhantes à baciloscopia pela maioria dos estudos. O teste também foi comparado com as diferentes formas de realização da cultura e outros testes moleculares, sendo considerado inferior apenas ao Xpert Ultra. CONCLUSÃO É possível afirmar que locais com alta incidência de HIV se beneficiariam com a implantação do teste GeneXpert, uma vez que sua efetividade no diagnóstico da TB pulmonar nessa população é expressiva quando comparada à baciloscopia, teste que foi por muito tempo amplamente utilizado para a detecção dos casos.
GSK-3β Localizes to the Cardiac Z-Disc to Maintain Length Dependent Activation
Authors: Stachowski-Doll Marisa J. , Papadaki Maria , Martin Thomas G. , Ma Weikang , Gong Henry M. , Shao Stephanie , Shen Shi , Muntu Nitha Aima , Kumar Mohit , Perez Edith , Martin Jody L. , Moravec Christine S. , Sadayappan Sakthivel , Campbell Stuart G. , Irving Thomas , Kirk Jonathan A.
Published: February 2022

Background:

Altered kinase localization is gaining appreciation as a mechanism of cardiovascular disease. Previous work suggests GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β) localizes to and regulates contractile function of the myofilament. We aimed to discover GSK-3β’s in vivo role in regulating myofilament function, the mechanisms involved, and the translational relevance.

Methods:

Inducible cardiomyocyte-specific GSK-3β knockout mice and left ventricular myocardium from nonfailing and failing human hearts were studied.

Results:

Skinned cardiomyocytes from knockout mice failed to exhibit calcium sensitization with stretch indicating a loss of length-dependent activation (LDA), the mechanism underlying the Frank-Starling Law. Titin acts as a length sensor for LDA, and knockout mice had decreased titin stiffness compared with control mice, explaining the lack of LDA. Knockout mice exhibited no changes in titin isoforms, titin phosphorylation, or other thin filament phosphorylation sites known to affect passive tension or LDA. Mass spectrometry identified several z-disc proteins as myofilament phospho-substrates of GSK-3β. Agreeing with the localization of its targets, GSK-3β that is phosphorylated at Y216 binds to the z-disc. We showed pY216 was necessary and sufficient for z-disc binding using adenoviruses for wild-type, Y216F, and Y216E GSK-3β in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. One of GSK-3β’s z-disc targets, abLIM-1 (actin-binding LIM protein 1), binds to the z-disc domains of titin that are important for maintaining passive tension. Genetic knockdown of abLIM-1 via siRNA in human engineered heart tissues resulted in enhancement of LDA, indicating abLIM-1 may act as a negative regulator that is modulated by GSK-3β. Last, GSK-3β myofilament localization was reduced in left ventricular myocardium from failing human hearts, which correlated with depressed LDA.

Conclusions:

We identified a novel mechanism by which GSK-3β localizes to the myofilament to modulate LDA. Importantly, z-disc GSK-3β levels were reduced in patients with heart failure, indicating z-disc localized GSK-3β is a possible therapeutic target to restore the Frank-Starling mechanism in patients with heart failure.
School Climate, Cortical Structure, and Socioemotional Functioning: Associations across Family Income Levels
Authors: Hackman Daniel A. , Duan Lei , McConnell Emily E. , Lee Woo Jung , Beak Arielle S. , Kraemer David J. M.
Published: February 2022

School climates are important for children's socioemotional development and may also serve as protective factors in the context of adversity. Nevertheless, little is known about the potential neural mechanisms of such associations, as there has been limited research concerning the relation between school climate and brain structure, particularly for brain regions relevant for mental health and socioemotional functioning. Moreover, it remains unclear whether the role of school climate differs depending on children's socioeconomic status. We addressed these questions in baseline data for 9- to 10-year-olds from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study (analytic sample for socioemotional outcomes, n = 8887), conducted at 21 sites across the United States. Cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical volume were derived from T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging. School climate was measured by youth report, and socioemotional functioning was measured by both youth and parent report. A positive school climate and higher family income were associated with lower internalizing and externalizing symptoms, with no evidence of moderation. There were no associations between school climate and cortical thickness or subcortical volume, although family income was positively associated with hippocampal volume. For cortical surface area, however, there was both a positive association with family income and moderation: There was an interaction between school climate and income for total cortical surface area and locally in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex. In all cases, there was an unexpected negative association between school climate and cortical surface area in the lower-income group. Consequently, although the school climate appears to be related to better socioemotional function for all youth, findings suggest that the association between a positive school environment and brain structure only emerges in the context of socioeconomic stress and adversity. Longitudinal data are needed to understand the role of these neural differences in socioemotional functioning over time.
A mixed-modeling framework for whole-brain dynamic network analysis
Authors: Bahrami Mohsen , Laurienti Paul J. , Shappell Heather M. , Dagenbach Dale , Simpson Sean L.
Published: February 2022

The emerging area of dynamic brain network analysis has gained considerable attention in recent years. However, development of multivariate statistical frameworks that allow for examining the associations between phenotypic traits and dynamic patterns of system-level properties of the brain, and drawing statistical inference about such associations, has largely lagged behind. To address this need we developed a mixed-modeling framework that allows for assessing the relationship between any desired phenotype and dynamic patterns of whole-brain connectivity and topology. This novel framework also allows for simulating dynamic brain networks with respect to desired covariates. Unlike current tools, which largely use data-driven methods, our model-based method enables aligning neuroscientific hypotheses with the analytic approach. We demonstrate the utility of this model in identifying the relationship between fluid intelligence and dynamic brain networks by using resting-state fMRI (rfMRI) data from 200 participants in the Human Connectome Project (HCP) study. We also demonstrate the utility of this model to simulate dynamic brain networks at both group and individual levels. To our knowledge, this approach provides the first model-based statistical method for examining dynamic patterns of system-level properties of the brain and their relationships to phenotypic traits as well as simulating dynamic brain networks.
Ontopoetics and the Environmental Philosophy of John Moriarty
Authors: Ward Nora
Published: February 2022

I explore the environmental philosophy of Irish philosopher-poet, John Moriarty, particularly focusing on his use of narrative to convey philosophical principles and ideals relating to a sustainable co-existence. It is through story that Moriarty redirects environmental philosophy from a domain of knowledge in an epistemic objectivist sense to one of imagination, inviting the reader to experientially cultivate categories of perception and identification that supplement and transcend dominant forms of scientific-reductionism. Moriarty’s philomythical approach attests to an inherent strangeness, invoking those aspects of reality that lie outside the causal paradigms of human understanding, and problematizing a posture of human hubris in relation to the land. To draw out these characteristics, I locate Moriarty’s work in the framework of ontopoetics, suggesting that Moriarty is an environment animateur of sorts, opening up the symbolic and poetic potential of the landscape, and fostering relations of meaningful engagement with the natural world.
Sinful Professions
Authors: Semerdjian Elyse
Published: February 2022

What was the economic role of women in the Islamic world? Archival sources such as court records reveal that women were employed in a number of legal occupations as moneylenders, buyers and sellers of property, midwives, administrators of religious endowments (waqfs) and textile workers. On the other hand, women were just as active in illegal occupations as prostitutes, procurers of prostitution and distillers of alcohol. This study will show that punishment for crimes such as prostitution was light due to the fact that customers were often linked to the Ottoman military and government. Furthermore, all three occupations involved tax evasion; alcohol in particular was legal to distill for non-Muslims as long as it was properly taxed and produced within the all-powerful guild system. These crimes reveal the diversity of occupations within which women were employed and the standards of morality within the city of Aleppo.
Understanding the Resistance Trajectories of Land Grabbing: An Endeavour of Santals in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Ashrafuzzaman
Published: February 2022

Land grabbing and resistance process are widely known phenomena across the globe. The incident of land grabbing meets various forms of resistance and conflict, as land grabbing is accompanied by violence that leads to the eviction. Accordingly, the resistance process produces diverse outcomes – successful or unsuccessful resistance to land grabs – depending on the extent of interactions. To keep that in mind, this paper focuses on ‘claim-making’ and ‘counter claim-making processes’ between the government actors and Santals in Bangladesh, employing the theoretical framework of contentious politics devised by Charles Tilly. To substantiate the resistance trajectories, the study has employed qualitative research methods, in addition to the theoretical approach of contentious politics. Therefore, the study demonstrated the failed resistance campaign (or failing) – appears to be a product of limited opportunity – exacerbated by a frame that failed to universalise the struggle, which compounded the Santal’s marginal status.
Disentangling the Vernacular in Bolivia and Decolonising the Law
Authors: Eichler Jessika
Published: February 2022

This piece critically engages with the spaces of encounter between indigenous peoples and the (Bolivian) State by exploring indigenous subordination and inequalities in a socio-legal sense. It explores ‘epistemological oppression’ and ‘epistemological hesitance’ as it arises and is being responded to in i) the vernacular, in empirical realities, ii) in constitutional law and its principles, iii) and in international legal orders including indigenous peoples’ rights regimes. In a first step, indigenous knowledge is conceptualised and contextualised, understanding said encounters in the light of Bolivian constitutionalism and recent regressive indigenous politics under the intermittent right-wing government. Empirical, grassroots perspectives provide further insights into power dynamics and internalised asymmetries which become relevant to understand the knowledge-law nexus. In turn, we disentangle the constitutive elements of neo-colonial subordination, drawing on concepts of sovereignty, self-determination, citizenship and collective rights, and political recognition. Finally, hope is placed in the decolonising function of the law, international law in particular in the way it may reposition indigenous peoples vis-à-vis the State. A dedicated focus is placed on indigenous knowledge and its consideration in current jurisprudential developments. Constitutional law – Andean developments in particular – too is taken as a legal starting point for contextualising indigenous-State encounters, seen with decolonising lenses. In that sense, contemporary State architectures serve as unavoidable spaces of articulation that may reinforce neo-colonial tendencies through classical Western constitutionalism or create ambitious venues for indigenous rights to be recognised in a plural legal landscape.
The Long Waiting for Relocating Capital City in Tanzania: The Continuity of the Game Changer and the Challenges Ahead
Authors: Kessy Ambrose T.
Published: February 2022

Many cities in Africa have their legacy to the colonial masters’ influences. This can be seen in the design of many capital cities created along the coastal areas as transmission centers to dispatch primary raw materials in exchange for manufactured products. Some countries realized the need to establish or relocate their capital cities according to their needs, Tanzania being one of them. However, putting this idea into practice has not been without some serious challenges. The recent successful move by the government of Tanzania to shift her national capital city from Dar es Salaam to Dodoma provides a classic example in terms of challenges and lessons. This paper argues that the successful shifting of the government from Dar es Salaam to Dodoma is a combination of many factors. However, the main one was the strong political commitment of the fifth government and later the continuity of the sixth government to provide strategic leadership in implementing the idea conceived more than forty years by the first President of Tanzania. The article provides critical insights into the conceptualization and strategies adopted to create a new capital city for Tanzania. It also considered some literature on the transfer of capital cities in other parts of the world. It concludes by stressing that the solid personal drives shown by both President John Magufuli and later President Samia Suluhu Hassan has broken the long-held taboo of empty words since the early seventies. This is because many efforts by the previous government to move the city were bogged down by intractable management problems and a lack of foreign exchange.
Contesting the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ in Southeast Asia: Rejection or Normative Resistance?
Authors: Maulana Zain , Newman Edward
Published: February 2022

This article explores the engagement of Southeast Asian states with the Responsibility to Protect principle (R2P) in relation to the Rohingya in Myanmar and the ‘war on drugs’ in the Philippines. It finds a form of contestation based upon subsidiary principles and local interests in which states have offered normative resistance to international scrutiny in order to justify their limited response to the atrocities. Elite stakeholders have emphasised that asean already has principles and frameworks to address abuses – which reflect the historical experience, social context, and political culture of the region – in order to support their resistance to R2P. While existing debates about the R2P principle in Southeast Asia tend to be oriented around the opposing poles of incremental adaptation and adoption versus outright rejection, our conclusion is distinct: R2P is consciously contested in Southeast Asia on normative grounds which must be understood in the context of the region.
The Reference of De Re Representations
Authors: Hofmann Frank
Published: February 2022

Full understanding of representation requires both an account of representational content and of reference. Fred Dretske has proposed a powerful theory of representational content, the teleological theory of indicator functions. And he has indicated that he thinks an informational account of reference is basically correct According to this account, reference is determined by a certain informational relation, the relation of carrying primary information about an object However, a closer examination will show that the informational account cannot adequately deal with our intuitions about certain cases of illusion. In these cases, the informational account will lead to an unwelcome loss of the referential object. For reasons of causal underdetermination, a purely causal account of reference will not work either. So ultimately, the informational account has to be replaced by a mixed account that relies both on satisfaction (of representational content) and a causal relation. This means that the tum away from an informational theory of representational content to a teleological theory has to be accompanied by a corresponding tum away from the informational theory of reference to the mixed causal-satisfactional theory.
The Pervasive Paradox of Tense
Authors: Dyke Heather
Published: February 2022

The debate about the reality of tense descends from an argument of McTaggart's, which was designed to prove the unreality of time. The argument has two constituent theses: firstly that time is intrinsically tensed, and secondly, that the notion of tense is inherently self-contradictory. If both of these theses are true, it follows that time does not exist. The debate that has emerged from this argument centres around the truth or falsity of each of these theses. A-theorists accept the first and reject the second thesis, drawing the conclusion that, since there is no contradiction in the notion of tense, time exists and is intrinsically tensed. B-theorists accept the second and reject the first thesis, concluding that the notion of tense is inherently self-contradictory, but since time is not intrinsically tensed, time exists and is tenseless. I think the argument against tense is sound, but time is not intrinsically tensed, so time exists and is tenseless. However, this argument, which has come to be known as McTaggart's paradox, is obscure, which has tended to blunt its force. In this paper I recast McTaggart's paradox in my own terms. The notion of tense has two components: an observer-independent distinction between past, present and future, and a flow of time. To take tense seriously is to suppose that these two features of tense are also features of time. I argue that they are inherently incompatible with each other, generating a contradiction at the heart of the notion of tense, thus proving that tense is unreal. The contradiction arises no matter how one construes the notion of tense, and I illustrate this by revealing essentially the same contradiction in a number of different accounts of tensed time.
Taxonomic revision of the minute litter bug subgenus Schizoptera (Zygophleps) McAtee & Malloch, 1925 (Heteroptera: Dipsocoromorpha: Schizopteridae)
Authors: Albuquerque Flavio , Fernandes Jose A.M. , Weirauch Christiane
Published: February 2022

Schizoptera Fieber is a monophyletic and the largest genus of minute litter bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dipsocoromorpha). Its current concept is supported by a recent molecular phylogeny and comprises nearly 90 described extant and two fossil species divided into four subgenera: Schizoptera (Cantharocoris), Schizoptera (Odontorhagus), Schizoptera (Schizoptera) and Schizoptera (Zygophleps). We here taxonomically revise the subgenus Schizoptera (Zygophleps), which so far contains Schizoptera unica McAtee & Malloch, 1925 from Guatemala and Schizoptera corallia Emsley, 1969, Schizoptera simla Emsley, 1969, and Schizoptera ultima Emsley, 1969 from Trinidad. The subgenus is diagnosed by the unique triangular shape of the posterior membranal cell. The following 36 species are here described: Schizoptera aculeata sp.n., Schizoptera applanata sp.n., Schizoptera bella sp.n., Schizoptera biancae sp.n., Schizoptera cassiae sp.n., Schizoptera confusa sp.n., Schizoptera costarriquenha sp.n., Schizoptera cuspida sp.n., Schizoptera ecuadoriana sp.n., Schizoptera elegantissima sp.n., Schizoptera emsleyi sp.n., Schizoptera erosa sp.n., Schizoptera erwini sp.n., Schizoptera falcata sp.n., Schizoptera familia sp.n., Schizoptera furcata sp.n., Schizoptera fuscodorsata sp.n., Schizoptera hirsuta sp.n., Schizoptera inaequalis sp.n., Schizoptera inca sp.n., Schizoptera kayi sp.n., Schizoptera knyshovi sp.n., Schizoptera magnifica sp.n., Schizoptera mallochi sp.n., Schizoptera mcateei sp.n., Schizoptera orellanensis sp.n., Schizoptera paraensis sp.n., Schizoptera peruviana sp.n., Schizoptera pichincha sp.n., Schizoptera pinduca sp.n., Schizoptera prima sp.n., Schizoptera priva sp.n., Schizoptera ramosa sp.n., Schizoptera solitaria sp.n., Schizoptera speira sp.n., and Schizoptera stricta sp.n. The majority of species herein described were collected in Brazil, Costa Rica, and Ecuador, expanding the known distribution of the subgenus. We provide diagnoses, descriptions, photographs of habitus and subgenital plates, line drawings of diagnostic male genitalic features, and a distribution map. A key to species based on males is also presented.
Introduction: Education, Identity, and Development in Contemporary Taiwan
Authors: Vickers Edward , Lin Tzu-Bin
Published: February 2022

Mass formal education is a feature of modern societies all too often taken for granted or overlooked in mainstream sociological analysis. In this respect, the field of Taiwan studies is no exception. This introductory essay sets the three papers of this topical section in historical and comparative perspective, particularly in relation to East Asia. The papers show how education policy in contemporary Taiwan has evolved in a context of vibrant democracy, economic transition, demographic squeeze, and, looming over all, the threat from the Chinese mainland. Our focus falls especially on higher education and language instruction, and their involvement in debates over economic prosperity, security, identity, and Taiwan’s place in the world. A central theme of this introductory essay is the way in which educational debate in Taiwan is conditioned by awareness of insecurity—at individual, familial and societal levels. The intensely competitive, human capital-oriented approach to education that predominates there is bound up in complex ways with the insecurities of life on this island.
The pci: The Communist Giraffe
Authors: Castellina Luciana
Published: February 2022

This commentary offers an insight into ‘the Gramsci genome’, the concept typically used to underline Gramsci’s influence on the historical experience of the Italian Communist Party (Partito Comunista Italiano; pci). Drawing on a personal and specific experience of political militancy within the party, this contribution explores how the pci, by assuming the role of a collective subject in Gramscian terms, pursued the Gramscian line of revolution as a protracted process of democratic expansion and conquest of essential forms of power in civil society. The article underlines the pivotal role played in this endeavour by party leadership until the death of Palmiro Togliatti; it assesses the events that led to the end of pci – including Berlinguer’s failed attempt to revive a left alternative after the historic compromise position; and underlines the persistent need for communism (a ‘more robust communism’) in view of the disaster caused by capitalism over the last 40 years.
Parliamentary Privileges and the Indian Inhibition
Authors: Chatterjee Anuparna , Patel Shubhank
Published: February 2022

The parliamentary privileges extended to Indian parliamentarians have long remained a cumbersome power granted to the legislature at both Central and State level. However, this power raises a contentious issue in its current embodiment within the domain of India. Since this particular aspect of legislation is a souvenir of British influence on the Indian legislative system, it gives rise toa dichotomous train of thought. Initially, resistance to codification was justified on the basic of the uncertainty of the drafters of the Constitution with respect to the needs of the future legislations and the desire to keep it flexible. However, recent instances of the invocation of parliamentary privileges in the country have allowed these privileges to exert greater influence over Fundamental Rights, granting exemption to legislators found guilty of offences such as bribery and expediting the need to reach a conclusion on the topic of codification into a separate regulation which entails the existence of these privileges within the Indian definition of law. The aim of this paper is to determine the essence of what the two sides of the conflict are asserting and make a conclusive determination of the stance that will prove the most beneficial for governance in accordance with constitutional provisions of India.
Liomenochilus ongi (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Systellopini), a new genus and new species from northern Western Australia
Authors: HUTCHINSON PAUL M. , ALLSOPP PETER G.
Published: February 2022

Liomenochilus ongi new genus and new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Systellopini) is described from the Kimberley Region of northern Western Australia, Australia. It differs from the other six genera of systellopines by its general shape and colour; by its antennae with eight antennomeres, including a 3-lamellate club; and by the labro-clypeal suture being effaced medially and present only at the lateral declivity. A revised diagnosis for the tribe and a revised key to the seven genera of Systellopini are given.
The Impact of Interacting Climate Modes on East Australian Precipitation Moisture Sources
Authors: Holgate Chiara , Evans Jason P. , Taschetto Andréa S. , Gupta Alex Sen , Santoso Agus
Published: February 2022

Modes of climate variability can drive significant changes to regional climate affecting extremes such as droughts, floods, and bushfires. The need to forecast these extremes and expected future increases in their intensity and frequency motivates a need to better understand the physical processes that connect climate modes to regional precipitation. Focusing on east Australia, where precipitation is driven by multiple interacting climate modes, this study provides a new perspective into the links between large-scale modes of climate variability and precipitation. Using a Lagrangian back-trajectory approach, we examine how El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modifies the supply of evaporative moisture for precipitation, and how this is modulated by the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) and southern annular mode (SAM). We demonstrate that La Niña modifies large-scale moisture transport together with local thermodynamic changes to facilitate local precipitation generation, whereas below-average precipitation during El Niño stems predominantly from increased regional subsidence. These dynamic–thermodynamic processes were often more pronounced during co-occurring La Niña/negative IOD and El Niño/positive IOD periods. As the SAM is less strongly correlated with ENSO, the impact of co-occurring ENSO and SAM largely depended on the state of ENSO. La Niña–related processes were exacerbated when combined with +SAM and dampened when combined with −SAM, and vice versa during El Niño. This new perspective on how interacting climate modes physically influence regional precipitation can help elucidate how model biases affect the simulation of Australian climate, facilitating model improvement and understanding of regional impacts from long-term changes in these modes.

Significance Statement

How climate modes modulate the oceanic and terrestrial sources of moisture for rainfall in east Australia is investigated. East Australia is wetter during La Niña because more moisture is transported into the region and is more easily turned into rainfall when it arrives, whereas drier conditions during El Niño are because local conditions inhibit the conversion of moisture into rainfall. Distant atmospheric changes over the Indian and Southern Oceans can intensify these changes. Our results can be used to better understand and predict the regional impact of long-term changes in these modes of climate variability, which are potentially altered under climate change.
Diagnosing Instantaneous Forcing and Feedbacks of Downwelling Longwave Radiation at the Surface: A Simple Methodology and Its Application to CMIP5 Models
Authors: Shakespeare Callum J. , Roderick Michael L.
Published: February 2022

Climate models predict large increases in downwelling longwave radiation (DLR) at Earth’s surface as atmospheric CO2 concentrations increase. Here we introduce a novel methodology that allows these increases to be decomposed into direct radiative forcing due to enhanced CO2 and feedbacks due to subsequent changes in atmospheric properties. For the first time, we develop explicit analytic expressions for the radiative forcing and feedbacks, which are calculable from time-mean fields of near-surface air temperature, specific humidity, pressure, total column water vapor, and total cloud fraction. Our methodology captures 90%–98% of the variance in changes in clear-sky and all-sky DLR in five CMIP5 models, with a typical error of less than 10%. The longwave feedbacks are decomposed into contributions from changes in temperature, specific humidity, water vapor height scale, and cloud fraction. We show that changes in specific humidity and height scale are closely linked to changes in near-surface air temperature and therefore, in the global average, that 90% of the increase in all-sky DLR may be attributed to a feedback from increasing near-surface air temperature. Mean-state clouds play a major role in changes in DLR by masking the clear-sky longwave and enhancing the temperature feedback via increased blackbody radiation. The impact of changes in cloud cover (the cloud feedback) on the DLR is small (∼2%) in the global average, but significant in particular geographical regions.
The Lifetime Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Co-Morbidities of Specific Phobia Among Pediatric Population: A Cross-Sectional National Survey
Authors: salehi Mona , Amanat Man , Khaleghi Ali , Hooshyari Zahra , Mostafavi Seyed Ali , Ahmadi Nastaran , Hojjat Seyed Kaveh , Safavi Parvin , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza
Published: February 2022

Background

Specific phobia (SP) is one of the most common mental disorders among general population. In this national survey in Iran, we aimed to identify the lifetime prevalence, predictors, and co-morbidities of SP among children and adolescents.

Methods

A face-to-face household interview was applied by 250 skilled clinical psychologists using the Persian version of the kiddie schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children/present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) to determine the prevalence of SP and its co-morbid conditions.

Results

About 30 000 individuals participated in this study. We identified 923 individuals (378 boys and 545 girls) with SP. The lifetime prevalence rate of SP was 4.8%. This condition was related to gender, age, and type of settlement. Female gender and living in urban areas were the main positive predictors of developing SP. We showed that parental educations and their history of psychiatric hospitalization were not predictors of SP occurrence. Anxiety and behavioral disorders were the most common reported co-morbidities in our included children and adolescents.

Conclusions

The findings of this study indicate that SP is a prevalent disorder among pediatric population with different co-morbidities and should not be underestimated.
Multifunctional silver nanowire coated fabric capable of electrothermal, resistance temperature-sensitivity, electromagnetic interference shielding, and strain sensing
Authors: Hong Xinghua , Zhao Weili , Yu Rufang , Wang Qicai , Zeng Fangmeng , Tao Yuan , Jin Ziming , Zhu Chengyan
Published: February 2022

The integration of high conductive networks and textiles has become a favorable technical route to fulfill the objectives of wearable electronics. Herein, high stretchable and recoverable PET fabric coated with a layer of silver nanowire network by a simple and scalable polyol-method is provided. The electrothermal performance, resistance temperature-sensitivity, electromagnetic shielding performance, strain sensing, and washability of silver nanowire (AgNWs)/PET fabrics with different coating times were performed. The conductivity of the fabric coated AgNWs of 2.8 mg/cm2 is as high as 175 S/m, the EMI shielding effectiveness is 37 dB, and it gives a highly sensitive strain response to human movement (gauge factor of −6.16 under 10% strain) and an underwater oil repellent angle of 125°. The heating temperature can reach above 100°C within 27 s under an applied current of 0.10 A. In addition, an excellent linearity of the resistance temperature-sensitive behavior for AgNWs/PET fabrics is obtained, and fabric Ag-5 gives a negative temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of −0.05%/°C. Knitted fabric with multi-function is obtained by use of silver nanowire coating. This method provides a simple, low-cost and easy-to-scalable process for the production of electronic textiles, such as fabric heater, microwave blocker, sensor, and other technologies.
Antibody attributes that predict the neutralization and effector function of polyclonal responses to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Natarajan Harini , Xu Shiwei , Crowley Andrew R. , Butler Savannah E. , Weiner Joshua A. , Bloch Evan M. , Littlefield Kirsten , Benner Sarah E. , Shrestha Ruchee , Ajayi Olivia , Wieland-Alter Wendy , Sullivan David , Shoham Shmuel , Quinn Thomas C. , Casadevall Arturo , Pekosz Andrew , Redd Andrew D. , Tobian Aaron A. R. , Connor Ruth I. , Wright Peter F. , Ackerman Margaret E.
Published: February 2022

Background

While antibodies can provide significant protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease sequelae, the specific attributes of the humoral response that contribute to immunity are incompletely defined.

Methods

We employ machine learning to relate characteristics of the polyclonal antibody response raised by natural infection to diverse antibody effector functions and neutralization potency with the goal of generating both accurate predictions of each activity based on antibody response profiles as well as insights into antibody mechanisms of action.

Results

To this end, antibody-mediated phagocytosis, cytotoxicity, complement deposition, and neutralization were accurately predicted from biophysical antibody profiles in both discovery and validation cohorts. These models identified SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM as a key predictor of neutralization activity whose mechanistic relevance was supported experimentally by depletion.

Conclusions

Validated models of how different aspects of the humoral response relate to antiviral antibody activities suggest desirable attributes to recapitulate by vaccination or other antibody-based interventions.
ABO blood group is not a predictive factor for the amount of early opioid consumption in postanesthesia care unit: a prospective cohort study in 3,316 patients
Authors: Nimmaanrat Sasikaan , Geater Alan , Plunsangkate Prae , Saewong Laortip , Karnjanawanichkul Orarat , Chanchayanon Thavat , Pattaravit Ngamjit
Published: February 2022

Background

Immediate postoperative pain in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) is common. Titration of opioid is the most popular strategy for controlling early postoperative pain. ABO blood group has been found to be associated with pain perception. We aimed to find the factors including ABO blood group for predicting the amount of opioid requirement in PACU.

Methods

This prospective cohort study was performed in 3316 patients who underwent various kinds of anesthetic techniques and received immediate postoperative care in PACU. Preoperative, intraoperative and PACU data were collected. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) representing the hypothesized causal pathways of preoperative, intraoperative and PACU data were compiled prior to conducting multinomial logistic regression analysis. Statistical significance in all models was defined as a P-value < 0.05.

Results

Female sex, body mass index, preoperative use of gabapentin, preoperative anxiety score, anesthetic techniques, type of operation, amount of consumed intraoperative opioids, intraoperative use of paracetamol, parecoxib and ondansetron, duration of anesthesia and surgery, amount of blood loss, pain upon PACU arrival, use of paracetamol and parecoxib in PACU were found to be factors influencing amount of opioid consumption in PACU. ABO blood group was not associated with early postoperative opioid requirement.

Conclusions

A significant number of factors are related to amount of opioid requirement in PACU. Some factors can be adjusted to provide better pain relief in early postoperative period. However, ABO blood group is not identified to be a predictive factor for early postoperative opioid consumption in PACU.
Analysis approaches to address treatment nonadherence in pragmatic trials with point-treatment settings: a simulation study
Authors: Hossain Md. Belal , Mosquera Lucy , Karim Mohammad Ehsanul
Published: February 2022

Background

Two-stage least square [2SLS] and two-stage residual inclusion [2SRI] are popularly used instrumental variable (IV) methods to address medication nonadherence in pragmatic trials with point treatment settings. These methods require assumptions, e.g., exclusion restriction, although they are known to handle unmeasured confounding. The newer IV-method, nonparametric causal bound [NPCB], showed promise in reducing uncertainty compared to usual IV-methods. The inverse probability-weighted per-protocol [IP-weighted PP] method is useful in the same setting but requires different assumptions, e.g., no unmeasured confounding. Although all of these methods are aimed to address the same nonadherence problem, comprehensive simulations to compare performances of them are absent in the literature.

Methods

We performed extensive simulations to compare the performances of the above methods in addressing nonadherence when: (1) exclusion restriction satisfied and no unmeasured confounding, (2) exclusion restriction is met but unmeasured confounding present, and (3) exclusion restriction is violated. Our simulations varied parameters such as, levels of adherence rates, unmeasured confounding, and exclusion restriction violations. Risk differences were estimated, and we compared performances in terms of bias, standard error (SE), mean squared error (MSE), and 95% confidence interval coverage probability.

Results

For setting (1), 2SLS and 2SRI have small bias and nominal coverage. IP-weighted PP outperforms these IV-methods in terms of smaller MSE but produces high MSE when nonadherence is very high. For setting (2), IP-weighted-PP generally performs poorly compared to 2SLS and 2SRI in term of bias, and both-stages adjusted IV-methods improve precision than naive IV-methods. For setting (3), IV-methods perform worst in all scenarios, and IP-weighted-PP produces unbiased estimates and small MSE when confounders are adjusted. NPCB produces larger uncertainty bound width in almost all scenarios. We also analyze a two-arm trial to estimate vitamin-A supplementation effect on childhood mortality after addressing nonadherence.

Conclusions

Understanding finite sample characteristics of these methods will guide future researchers in determining suitable analysis strategies. Since assumptions are different and often untestable for IP-weighted PP and IV methods, we suggest analyzing data using both IP-weighted PP and IV approaches in search of a robust conclusion.