bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A hyperlink and issue network analysis of the United States Senate: A rediscovery of the Web as a relational and topical medium
Authors: Kim Jang Hyun , Barnett George A. , Park Han Woo
Published: May 2010

Politicians' Web sites have been considered a medium for organizing, mobilizing, and agenda‐setting, but extant literature lacks a systematic approach to interpret the Web sites of senators—a new medium for political communication. This study classifies the role of political Web sites into relational (hyperlinking) and topical (shared‐issues) aspects. The two aspects may be viewed from a social embeddedness perspective and three facets, as K. Foot and S. Schneider (2002) suggested. This study employed network analysis, a set of research procedures for identifying structures in social systems, as the basis of the relations among the system's components rather than the attributes of individuals. Hyperlink and issue data were gathered from the United States Senate Web site and Yahoo. Major findings include: (a) The hyperlinks are more targeted at Democratic senators than at Republicans and are a means of communication for senators and users; (b) the issue network found from the Web is used for discussing public agendas and is more highly utilized by Republican senators; (c) the hyperlink and issue networks are correlated; and (d) social relationships and issue ecologies can be effectively detected by these two networks. The need for further research is addressed.
Synergic effect of retinoic acid and extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure on human neuroblastoma cell line BE(2)C
Authors: Marcantonio Pamela , Del Re Brunella , Franceschini Alessia , Capri Miriam , Lukas Stella , Bersani Ferdinando , Giorgi Gianfranco
Published: May 2010

The aim of the present study was to assess whether exposure to a sinusoidal extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF‐MF; 50 Hz, 1 mT) can affect proliferation and differentiation in the human neuroblastoma cell line BE(2)C, which is representative of high risk neuroblastomas. Cells were subjected to ELF‐MF exposure in the presence or absence of a neuronal differentiating agent (all‐trans‐retinoic acid, ATRA) for 24–72 h. In each experiment, ELF‐MF‐exposed samples were compared to sham‐exposed samples. Cells exposed to ELF‐MF combined with retinoic treatment showed a decreased cellular proliferation and an increased proportion of G0/G1 phase cells compared to cells exposed to either treatment alone. Moreover, ELF‐MF‐ and ATRA‐treated cells showed more differentiated morphological traits (a higher neurite number/cell, an increased neurite length), together with a significant increase of mRNA levels of p21WAF1/CIP1 and cdk5 genes, both involved in neuronal differentiation. In addition, the expression of cyp19 gene, which is involved both in neuronal differentiation and stress response, was evaluated; cyp19 gene expression was enhanced by ATRA treatment and significantly enhanced further by ELF‐MF exposure combined with ATRA. In conclusion, our data suggest that ELF‐MF exposure can strengthen ATRA effects on neuroblastoma cells. Bioelectromagnetics 31:425–433, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth characteristics of mung beans and water convolvuluses exposed to 425‐MHz electromagnetic fields
Authors: Jinapang Peeraya , Prakob Panida , Wongwattananard Pongtorn , Islam Naz E. , Kirawanich Phumin
Published: May 2010

Effects of high‐frequency, continuous wave (CW) electromagnetic fields on mung beans (Vigna radiata L.) and water convovuluses (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.) were studied at different growth stages (pre‐sown seed and early seedling). Specifically, the effects of the electromagnetic source's power and duration (defined as power‐duration level) on the growth of the two species were studied. Mung beans and water convolvuluses were exposed to electromagnetic fields inside a specially designed chamber for optimum field absorption, and the responses of the seeds to a constant frequency at various power levels and durations of exposure were monitored. The frequency used in the experiments was 425 MHz, the field strengths were 1 mW, 100 mW, and 10 W, and the exposure durations were 1, 2, and 4 h. Results show that germination enhancement is optimum for the mung beans at 100 mW/1 h power‐duration level, while for water convolvuluses the optimum germination power‐duration level was 1 mW/2 h. When both seed types were exposed at the early sprouting phase with their respective optimum power‐duration levels for optimum seed growth, water convolvuluses showed growth enhancement while mung bean sprouts showed no effects. Water content analysis of the seeds suggests thermal effects only at higher field strength. Bioelectromagnetics 31:519–527, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetic characterization of vero cell metabolism in a serum‐free batch culture process
Authors: Petiot Emma , Guedon Emmanuel , Blanchard Fabrice , Gény Cécile , Pinton Hervé , Marc Annie
Published: May 2010

A global kinetic study of the central metabolism of Vero cells cultivated in a serum‐free medium is proposed in the present work. Central metabolism including glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) was demonstrated to be saturated by high flow rates of consumption of the two major substrates, glucose, and glutamine. Saturation was reavealed by an accumulation of metabolic intermediates and amino acids, by a high production of lactate needed to balance the redox pathway, and by a low participation of the carbon flow to the TCA cycle supply. Different culture conditions were set up to reduce the central metabolism saturation and to better balance the metabolic flow rates between lactate production and energetic pathways. From these culture conditions, substitutions of glutamine by other carbon sources, which have lower transport rates such as asparagine, or pyruvate in order to shunt the glycolysis pathway, were successful to better balance the central metabolism. As a result, an increase of the cell growth with a concomitant decrease of cell death and a better distribution of the carbon flow between TCA cycle and lactate production occurred. We also demonstrated that glutamine was a major carbon source to supply the TCA cycle in Vero cells and that a reduction of lactate production did not necessary improve the efficiency of the Vero cell metabolism. Thus, to adapt the formulation of the medium to the Vero cell needs, it is important to provide carbon substrates inducing a regulated supply of carbon in the TCA cycle either through the glycolysis or through other pathways such as glutaminolysis. Finally, this study allowed to better understand the Vero cell behavior in serum‐free medium which is a valuable help for the implementation of this cell line in serum‐free industrial production processes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 143–153. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient expression and purification of human aglycosylated Fcγ receptors in Escherichia coli
Authors: Jung Sang Taek , Kang Tae Hyun , Georgiou George
Published: May 2010

Effector Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) are expressed on the surface of a variety of cells of hematopoietic lineage and serve as a bridge between adaptive and innate immune responses. The interaction between immune complexes, formed by IgG class antibodies that are crosslinked with antigen, and FcγRs triggers signaling cascades that result in numerous cellular responses including the activation or donwregulation of cytotoxic responses, cytokine release, and antibody synthesis. Here, the extracellular domains of the human type I transmembrane FcγRs were expressed in Escherichia coli and their interactions to subclass IgGs (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) antibodies were analyzed. Expression using fully synthetic E. coli codon optimized FcγR genes and optimization of sequences for N‐terminal translation initiation region through mRNA secondary structure prediction enabled us to achieve high yield of purified, bacterially expressed receptors, including FcγRI and FcγRIIIa which have not been successfully expressed in bacteria until now. The aglycosylated FcγRs showed similar IgG subclass binding selectivity compared to the respective glycosylated FcγRs expressed in mammalian cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 21–30. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protective effect of binaphthyl diselenide, a synthetic organoselenium compound, on 2‐nitropropane‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammad , Prigol Marina , Hassan Waseem , Nogueira Cristina W. , Rocha Joao B.T.
Published: May 2010

Organoselenides have been documented as promising pharmacological agents against a number of diseases associated with oxidative stress. Here we have investigated, for the first time, the potential antioxidant activity of binaphthyl diselenide ((NapSe)2; 50 mg kg−1, p.o.) against the 2‐nitropropane (2‐NP)‐induced hepatoxicity in rats, using different end points of toxicity (liver histopathology, plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine). In addition, in view of the association of oxidative stress with 2‐NP exposure, hepatic lipid peroxidation, ascorbic acid levels, δ‐aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ‐ALA‐D) and catalase (CAT) activities were evaluated. 2‐NP caused an increase of AST, ALT and hepatic lipid peroxidation. 2‐NP also caused hepatic histopathological alterations and δ‐ALA‐D inhibition. (NapSe)2 (50 mg kg−1) prevented 2‐NP‐induced changes in plasmatic ALT and AST activities and also prevented changes in hepatic histology, δ‐ALA‐D and lipid peroxidation. Results presented here indicate that the protective mechanism of (NapSe)2 against 2‐NP hepatotoxicity is possibly linked to its antioxidant activity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct and indirect effects of kisspeptin on liver oxidant and antioxidant systems in young male rats
Authors: Aydin M. , Oktar S. , Yonden Z. , Ozturk O. H. , Yilmaz B.
Published: May 2010

Kisspeptin is a recently discovered hypothalamic peptide which plays an important role in the central control of reproductive functions. We have investigated direct and indirect effects of kisspeptin on the liver oxidative stress in young male rats. Twenty‐four rats were divided into four groups (n = 6/group). First group served as control and received saline. Kisspeptin‐10 was administered to the animals in the second group (20 nmol/rat/day), for a period of 7 days. Rats were given only one dose gosereline (0.9 mg/rat), a GnRH agonist in the third group. The last group received kisspeptin‐10 with gosereline. The activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase (XO), adenosine deaminase (AD) and level of malondialdehyde were studied in liver tissue. Serum samples were separated for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), colesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride. Kisspeptin increased the activities of SOD and catalase (p < 0.05). When compared to the control group, the levels of malondialdehyde, TOS and AST were lower, but levels of BUN, cholesterole, HDL and AD were higher in the other three groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that kisspeptin may have antioxidant and thus protective effects on the liver tissue. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oral vitamin C and E combination modulates blood lipid peroxidation and antioxidant vitamin levels in maximal exercising basketball players
Authors: Nazıroğlu Mustafa , Kılınç Fatih , Uğuz Abdulhadi Cihangir , Çelik Ömer , Bal Ramazan , Butterworth Peter J. , Baydar Metin Lütfi
Published: May 2010

Oxidative stress occurs during maximal exercise, perhaps as a result of increased consumption of oxygen. Vitamins C and E can overcome the effects of antioxidants in exercise. We investigated the effects of supplementation with a combination of vitamin C and E (VCE) on blood lipid peroxidation (LP) and antioxidant levels following maximal training in basketball players.

Blood samples were taken from 14 players (group A) and divided into two subgroups namely maximal training (group B) and maximal training plus VCE groups (group C). Group B maximally exercised for 35 days. VCE was supplemented to group C for 35 days and blood samples were taken from group B and C. Plasma and hemolyzed erythrocyte samples were obtained from the players.

Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity and plasma vitamin E concentration were lower in group B than in group A, whereas plasma and erythrocyte LP levels were higher in group B than in group A. Plasma vitamin A, vitamin E, erythrocyte GSH‐Px, and reduced glutathione (GSH) values were higher in group C than in groups A and B although LP levels in plasma and erythrocytes were lower in group C than in group A and B. β‐Carotene values did not change in the three groups.

In conclusion, VCE supplementation in maximal exercising basketball players may strengthen the antioxidant defense system by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of magnetic chromatography to sort polydisperse nanoparticles in ferrofluids
Authors: Forge Delphine , Gossuin Yves , Roch Alain , Laurent Sophie , Elst Luce Vander , Muller Robert N.
Published: May 2010

Whatever the strategy of synthesis, nanoparticles in magnetic fluids commonly feature a broad size distribution. However, the presence of several size populations in ferrofluids is often problematic because of the close relationship between the efficiency of the nanoparticles and their physicochemical properties. In this work, a magnetic size sorting procedure is developed in order to reduce this polydispersity, using the magnetic properties of the iron oxide nanoparticles. This magnetic sorting with an adjustable magnetic field allows isolation of the small superparamagnetic particles as well as the larger particles. Magnetometry, nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion profiles and transmission electron microscopy were successfully used to check the efficiency of the magnetic sorting procedure, which was shown to work as a ‘magnetic’ chromatography. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stress analysis of first permanent mandibular molar with class 1 restorations of different cement bases by occlusive load: A finite element analysis
Authors: Liu Zhan , Qian Yingli , Liu Dan , Yang Jinbo , Fan Yubo
Published: May 2010

It was the aim of the study to analyze stress distribution in tooth and restoration by occlusal load of Class I. Comparative analysis was used to evaluate effects of four kinds of cement bases on the stresses in resin composite restorations. The elastic moduli and Poisson's ratios of the three kinds of restorative materials were tested. Micro‐CT was used to scan the first mandibular molar, and the three‐dimensional finite element model of the tooth with class I cavity was built by ABAQUS. Occlusive load of 250N was applied on the model. Then von Mises stresses distribution in the enamel, dentin, resin composite and bases were analyzed by occlusive loading of different cement bases. As single‐layer base, the maximum von Mises stresses of the enamel and the dentin of the Dycal base were much lower than those of the VIT base. As double‐layer base, the maximum von Mises stresses of the enamel and the dentin of VIT and Dycal were much higher than those of VIT and Ultra‐blend plus. Cement bases should have a high elastic modulus in order to reduce the stress of the enamel and the dentin. The present study would help clinicians to make an informed choice of the cement bases to avoid the fracture of tooth or restoration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
P38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase signal transduction in the diagnosis and follow up of immunotherapy of wasp venom allergy
Authors: Verweij Marjoke M. , De Knop Kathleen J. , Bridts Chris H. , De Clerck Luc S. , Stevens Wim J. , Ebo Didier G.
Published: May 2010

Background:

P38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) is known to govern IgE‐mediated basophil activation. Intracellular phosphorylated p38 MAPK (Pp38 MAPK) in IgE‐activated basophils can be quantified flow cytometrically.

Objectives:

To study whether Pp38 MAPK constitutes a potential novel read‐out for flow‐assisted diagnosis of hymenoptera venom allergy and to investigate whether this marker allows follow‐up of successful venom immunotherapy (VIT).

Methods:

Fifty‐two patients with documented wasp venom allergy and seven wasp‐stung asymptomatic control individuals were enrolled. Wasp venom‐induced basophil activation was analyzed flow cytometrically with anti‐IgE, anti‐CD63, and anti‐Pp38 MAPK to assess their activation status before starting immunotherapy. To assess whether p38 MAPK constitutes a candidate marker for monitoring VIT, we repeated the basophil activation test (BAT) in 25 patients on the fifth day of a build‐up immunotherapy. In addition, we investigated whether the Pp38 MAPK‐based BAT could contribute in the decision of discontinuing VIT in a cross‐sectional analysis in 13 patients receiving treatment for 3 years and 14 patients receiving treatment for 5 years.

Results:

Patients exhibited a dose‐dependent basophil activation with phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and upregulation of downstream CD63. In contrast, stung controls demonstrated a dose‐dependent but “abrogated” signal transduction in basophils with less and shorter duration of the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and without subsequent upregulation of CD63. When repeated after 5 days of VIT and when investigated cross‐sectionally after 3 years or 5 years of maintenance therapy, no effect of VIT on the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was demonstrable.

Conclusions:

This study discloses that not only basophils from patients, but also from the stung control individuals, respond to wasp venom stimulation with phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, although to a lesser extend. No clear effect of VIT on the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was shown. Thus, although p38 MAPK provides an additional tool in the diagnosis of wasp venom allergy, it does not contribute to the decision whether to stop successful VIT. © 2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Dietary supplement use immediately before and during pregnancy in Norwegian women with eating disorders
Authors: Dellava Jocilyn E. , Von Holle Ann , Torgersen Leila , Reichborn‐Kjennerud Ted , Haugen Margaretha , Meltzer Helle M. , Bulik Cynthia M.
Published: May 2010

Objective:

Many pregnant women use dietary supplements. Little is known about dietary supplement use during pregnancy in women with eating disorders.

Method:

We examined dietary supplement use in 37,307 pregnant women, from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.

Results:

Dietary supplement use during pregnancy was as follows: 91.2% of women with anorexia nervosa, 92.2% of women with bulimia nervosa, 93.2% of women with eating disorder not otherwise specified‐purging subtype (EDNOS‐P), 90.6% of women with binge eating disorder, and 93.5% of the women without eating disorders. Between group differences were not statistically significant. After adjusting for covariates, women with EDNOS‐P were more likely to take iron containing supplements (p ≤ .04).

Discussion:

Overall dietary supplement use in this sample is similar in women with and without eating disorders. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:325–332)
A prospective test of the relation between weight change and risk for bulimia nervosa
Authors: Thomas J. Graham , Butryn Meghan L. , Stice Eric , Lowe Michael R.
Published: May 2010

Objective:

Prospectively investigate whether weight gain or weight loss increases risk for onset of binge eating and purging in adolescent women.

Method:

Diagnostic interviews and direct measures of body mass were completed by 496 adolescent women annually for 8 years.

Results:

Substantial weight gain or weight loss during the study produced a sevenfold increase in risk for future onset of threshold or subthreshold bulimia nervosa (BN) relative to weight‐stable participants, though the low incidence rate limited statistical power. Those who showed onset of threshold/subthreshold BN experienced greater increases in weight in the 2 years before onset of their eating disorder relative to healthy comparison participants.

Discussion:

This is the first prospective study to demonstrate that weight gain and weight loss may both increase risk for future onset of bulimic pathology. Results suggest that young women who have difficulty limiting their dietary intake are at increased risk for BN, an eating disorder characterized by loss of control over eating. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:295–303)
Effects of acute alcohol intoxication on eating‐related urges among women with bulimia nervosa
Authors: Bruce Kenneth R. , Steiger Howard , Israel Mimi , Kin N.M.K. Ng Ying , Hakim Julie , Schwartz Diana , Richardson Jodie , Mansour Sandra A.
Published: May 2010

Objective:

To investigate the effects of acute alcohol intoxication on eating‐related urges among women with bulimia nervosa (BN).

Method:

Participants included women with BN or normal‐weight eating disorder NOS with regular binge/purge symptoms (N = 13), and normal‐eater control women (N = 17). Tested individually, the women reported on their mood state as well as on urges to binge eat and engage in various compensatory behaviors, prior to consuming alcohol, and again at 60 and 180 min following the consumption of 1.0 ml kg−1 alcohol.

Results:

Both groups reported feeling less clearheaded after drinking, as well as initial subjective mood stimulation followed by subsequent mood lowering. In addition, BN participants reported reductions in their urges to binge eat, exercise compulsively, and restrict food intake following alcohol consumption—the urge to purge was not significantly affected.

Discussion:

Among women with BN, alcohol consumption appeared to reduce select eating‐related urges with concomitant reductions in attention or concentration. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:333–339)
Gestational weight gain of women with eating disorders in the Norwegian pregnancy cohort
Authors: Siega‐Riz Anna Maria , Von Holle Ann , Haugen Margaretha , Meltzer Helle Margrete , Hamer Robert , Torgersen Leila , Berg Cecilie Knoph , Reichborn‐Kjennerud Ted , Bulik Cynthia M.
Published: May 2010

Objective:

To examine the amount of weight women with eating disorders [anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED)] gained during pregnancy and to evaluate the adequacy of total weight gain.

Method:

Data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study were used in a cross‐sectional manner, n = 35,148. Descriptive statistics and Generalized Estimating Equations to calculate the relative risk estimates were employed.

Results:

Mean gestational weight gain for the entire sample was 2.5 kg at 17.0–20.1 weeks gestation, 9.3 kg at 27.4–29.7 weeks gestation and 15.0 kg at delivery. Women with BN and BED gained significantly more weight on average than those with no eating disorders at each time point. Women with AN had a lower risk (AOR = 0.65 (0.24, 1.72) of gaining inadequately while women with BN and BED were more likely to gain excessively, AOR = 1.09 (1.01, 1.18) and 1.11 (1.08, 1.14), respectively.

Discussion:

The pattern of weight gain identified for each eating disorder subtype may help explain the birth outcomes of women with eating disorders. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:428–434)
Delayed effects of exposure to a moderate radiation dose on transcription profiles in human primary fibroblasts
Authors: Mello Stephano S. , Fachin Ana L. , Junta Cristina M. , Sandrin‐Garcia Paula , Donadi Eduardo A. , Passos Geraldo A. S. , Sakamoto‐Hojo Elza T.
Published: May 2010

Ionizing radiation (IR) is used in a wide variety of medical and nonmedical applications and poses a potential threat to human health. Knowledge of changes in gene expression in irradiated cells may be helpful for the establishment of effective paradigms for radiation protection. IR‐induced DNA damage triggers a complex cascade of signal transduction. Recently, genome‐wide approaches have allowed the detection of alterations in gene expression across a wide range of radiation doses. However, the delayed or long‐term biological effects of mild‐doses of IR remain largely unknown. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of a moderate dose of gamma‐rays (50 cGy) on gene expression 6 days post‐irradiation. Gene expression using cDNA microarrays revealed statistically significant changes in the expression of 59 genes (FDR < 0.07), whose functions are related to cell‐cycle control, protein trafficking, ubiquitin cycle, Rho‐GTPAse pathway, protein phosphatase signalization, oxidoreductase control, and stress response. A set of 464 genes was also selected by a less stringent approach, and we demonstrate that this broader set of genes can efficiently distinguish the irradiated samples from the unirradiated, defining a long‐term IR signature in human primary fibroblasts. Our findings support the existence of persistent responses to mild doses of IR detectable by changes in gene expression profiles. These results provide insight into delayed effects observed in human primary cells as well as the role of long‐term response in neoplastic transformation. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 52:117–129, 2011. © 2010Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of t(15;17) chromosomal breakpoint sequences in therapy‐related versus de novo acute promyelocytic leukemia: Association of DNA breaks with specific DNA motifs at PML and RARA loci
Authors: Hasan Syed Khizer , Ottone Tiziana , Schlenk Richard F. , Xiao Yuanyuan , Wiemels Joseph L. , Mitra Maria Enza , Bernasconi Paolo , Di Raimondo Francesco , Stanghellini Maria Teresa Lupo , Marco Pepa , Mays Ashley N. , Döhner Hartmut , Sanz Miguel A. , Amadori Sergio , Grimwade David , Lo‐Coco Francesco
Published: May 2010

We compared genomic breakpoints at the PML and RARA loci in 23 patients with therapy‐related acute promyelocytic leukemia (t‐APL) and 25 de novo APL cases.Eighteen of 23 t‐APL cases received the topoisomerase II poison mitoxantrone for their primary disorder. DNA breaks were clustered in a previously reported 8 bp “hot spot” region of PML corresponding to a preferred site of mitoxantrone‐induced DNA topoisomerase II‐mediated cleavage in 39% of t‐APL occurring in patients exposed to this agent and in none of the cases arising de novo (P = 0.007). As to RARA breakpoints, clustering in a 3′ region of intron 2 (region B) was found in 65% of t‐APL and 28% of de novo APL patients, respectively. Scan statistics revealed significant clustering of RARA breakpoints in region B in t‐APL cases (P = 0.001) as compared to de novo APL (P = 1). Furthermore, ∼300 bp downstream of RARA region B contained a sequence highly homologous to a topoisomerase II consensus sequence. Biased distribution of DNA breakpoints at both PML and RARA loci suggest the existence of different pathogenetic mechanisms in t‐APL as compared with de novo APL. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GLO1—A novel amplified gene in human cancer
Authors: Santarius Thomas , Bignell Graham R. , Greenman Chris D. , Widaa Sara , Chen Lina , Mahoney Claire L. , Butler Adam , Edkins Sarah , Waris Sahar , Thornalley Paul J. , Futreal P. Andrew , Stratton Michael R.
Published: May 2010

To identify a novel amplified cancer gene a systematic screen of 975 human cancer DNA samples, 750 cell lines and 225 primary tumors, using the Affymetrix 10K SNP microarray was undertaken. The screen identified 193 amplicons. A previously uncharacterized amplicon located on 6p21.2 whose 1 Mb minimal common amplified region contained eight genes (GLO1, DNAH8, GLP1R, C6orf64, KCNK5, KCNK17, KCNK16, and C6orf102) was further investigated to determine which gene(s) are the biological targets of this amplicon. Real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of all amplicon 6p21.2 genes in 618 human cancer cell lines identified GLO1, encoding glyoxalase 1, to be the most frequently amplified gene [twofold or greater amplification in 8.4% (49/536) of cancers]. Also the association between amplification and overexpression was greatest for GLO1. RNAi knockdown of GLO1 had the greatest and most consistent impact on cell accumulation and apoptosis. Cell lines with GLO1 amplification were more sensitive to inhibition of GLO1 by bromobenzylglutathione cyclopentyl diester (BBGC). Subsequent qPCR of 520 primary tumor samples identified twofold and greater amplification of GLO1 in 8/37 (22%) of breast, 12/71 (17%) of sarcomas, 6/53 (11.3%) of nonsmall cell lung, 2/23 (8.7%) of bladder, 6/93 (6.5%) of renal and 5/83 (6%) of gastric cancers. Amplification of GLO1 was rare in colon cancer (1/35) and glioma (1/94). Collectively the results indicate that GLO1 is at least one of the targets of gene amplification on 6p21.2 and may represent a useful target for therapy in cancers with GLO1 amplification. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The interrelationship between movement and cognition: Theta rhythm and the P300 event‐related potential
Authors: Shin Jonghan
Published: May 2010

The relationship among brain electrophysiological activity, motor activity, and cognition has been a matter of great interest. For example, it has been discussed whether hippocampal theta rhythm reflects motor activity or cognitive activity, whereas it is widely accepted that the P300 event‐related potential (ERP) reflects cognitive processes such as updating working memory. Here, we investigated the interrelationships among motor activity, hippocampal theta rhythm, and hippocampal P300 ERP using electrophysiological and behavioral data recorded from rats performing an auditory discrimination task (i.e., the auditory oddball paradigm) in a chamber with and without a running‐wheel. We found that the hippocampal theta rhythm generated during locomotion codes information about self‐motion, and event‐related increases in hippocampal theta rhythm observed when rats performed the auditory discrimination cognitive task reflect a change in motor behavior after learning the cognitive task. Interestingly, the hippocampal P300 ERP occurred coincidently with increases in the power and frequency of hippocampal theta rhythm. In addition, we found that changes in theta rhythm observed during spontaneous wheel running without performing a cognitive task as well as when performing the cognitive task are associated with changes in delta‐ and gamma‐band EEG activities. These major findings are discussed with respect to current hypotheses regarding P300 ERP and theta‐, delta‐, and gamma‐band EEG activities in brain functions. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Full 3D translational and rotational optical control of multiple rod‐shaped bacteria
Authors: Hörner Florian , Woerdemann Mike , Müller Stephanie , Maier Berenike , Denz Cornelia
Published: May 2010

The class of rod‐shaped bacteria is an important example of non‐spherical objects where defined alignment is desired for the observation of intracellular processes or studies of the flagella. However, all available methods for orientational control of rod‐shaped bacteria are either limited with respect to the accessible rotational axes or feasible angles or restricted to one single bacterium. In this paper we demonstrate a scheme to orientate rod‐shaped bacteria with holographic optical tweezers (HOT) in any direction. While these bacteria have a strong preference to align along the direction of the incident laser beam, our scheme provides for the first time full rotational control of multiple bacteria with respect to any arbitrary axis. In combination with the translational control HOT inherently provide, this enables full control of all three translational and the two important rotational degrees of freedom of multiple rod‐shaped bacteria and allows one to arrange them in any desired configuration. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improvements of network approach for analysis of the folding free‐energy surface of peptides and proteins
Authors: Jiang Xuewei , Chen Changjun , Xiao Yi
Published: May 2010

Folding network is an effective approach to investigate the high‐dimensional free‐energy surface of peptide and protein folding, and it can avoid the limitations of the projected free‐energy surface based on two‐order parameters. In this article, we present improvements of the effectiveness and accuracy of the folding network analysis based on Markov cluster (MCL) algorithm. We used this approach to investigate the folding free‐energy surface of the beta‐hairpin peptide trpzip2 and found the folding network is able to determine the basins and folding paths of trpzip2 more clearly and accurately than the two‐dimensional free‐energy surface. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Incorporation of deMon2k as a new parallel quantum mechanical code for the PUPIL system
Authors: Bertran Oscar , Trickey S. B. , Torras Juan
Published: May 2010

The PUPIL system is a combination of software and protocols for the systematic linkage and interoperation of molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics codes to perform QM/MD (sometimes called QM/MM) calculations. The Gaussian03 and Amber packages were added to the PUPIL suite recently. However, efficient parallel QM codes are critical because calculation of the QM forces is the overwhelming majority of the computational load. Here we report details of incorporation of the deMon2k density functional suite as a new parallel QM code. An additional motivation is to add a highly optimized, purely DFT code. We illustrate with a demonstration study of the influence of perchlorate as a dopant ion of the poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) conducting polymer in explicit acetonitrile solvent using Amber and deMon2k. We discuss unanticipated requirements for use of a scheme for semi‐empirical correction of Kohn‐Sham eigenvalues to give physically meaningful one‐electron gap energies. We provide comparison of both geometric parameters and electronic properties for nondoped and doped systems. We also present results comparing deMon2k and Gaussian03 calculation of forces for a short sequence of steps. We discuss briefly some difficult problems of quantum zone SCF convergence for the anionically doped system. The difficulties seem to be caused by well‐know deficiencies in simple approximate exchange‐correlation functionals. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
MRT Letter: Spatial distribution of vancomycin‐induced damage in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm: An electron microscopic study
Authors: Singh Rachna , Ray Pallab , Das Anindita , Sharma Meera
Published: May 2010

This study was planned to elucidate the efficacy of antibiotics on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Biofilms of S. epidermidis ATCC 35984 and S. aureus ATCC 29213 were grown on black, polycarbonate membranes placed on tryptic soy agar plates for 48 h at 37°C, and then exposed to vancomycin or amikacin or ciprofloxacin at clinically achievable levels for 24 h at 37°C. The morphology of antibiotic‐treated and untreated biofilms was elucidated by SEM. SEM analysis indicated a differential affection of S. epidermidis ATCC 35984 in the center and periphery of biofilm upon treatment with vancomycin. The center of biofilm revealed damaged cells with sparse distribution, smaller size, and irregular shape, whereas cells in the periphery were unaffected. This differential distribution of susceptibility within S. epidermidis ATCC 35984 biofilms was specific for vancomycin only and was not observed on exposure to amikacin or ciprofloxacin. No such response was found in S.aureus ATCC 29213 biofilms. Thus, our study suggests a spatial distribution of vancomycin‐induced damage in S. epidermidis biofilms. To our knowledge, this is the first report that indicates a differential affection of S. epidermidis in the center and periphery of biofilm upon treatment with vancomycin. Studies on the factors controlling this differential distribution could provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in S. epidermidis biofilms. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunoelectron microscopic characterization of nucleolus‐associated domains during hibernation
Authors: Malatesta Manuela , Zancanaro Carlo , Biggiogera Marco
Published: May 2010

The nucleolus represents a highly dynamic nuclear compartment involved in multiple functions and able to promptly respond to variations of metabolic needs. In the hibernator dormouse, which drastically modifies its metabolic activity during the seasonal cycle, the nucleolus undergoes structural and molecular changes during the torpor bouts; in particular, it shows many nucleoplasmic invaginations containing weakly contrasted areas of unknown nature. To analyze the molecular composition of these nucleolus‐associated domains (NADs) and to understand their functional significance, the fine nucleolar composition has been investigated by means of ultrastructural immunocytochemistry in different tissues of euthermic, hibernating, and arousing hazel dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius): in particular, the intranucleolar location of several protein factors involved in the transcription and processing of either pre‐rRNA or pre‐mRNA has been considered. NADs proved to form during hibernation and disappear upon arousal and were found to contain m3‐G‐capped snRNAs, snRNPs, hnRNPs, and the survival motor neuron protein; they were, on the contrary, devoid of the nucleolar factors tested (polymerase I, fibrillarin, nucleolin, and the ribosomal phosphoproteins P0, P1, and P2). We hypothesize that NADs may represent a transient storage site for those molecules involved in the pre‐mRNA splicing, which usually transit through the nucleolus; upon arousal, this would facilitate the resumption of RNA maturation by promoting the rapid reactivation of the molecular trafficking from the nucleolus. Microsc. Res. Tech. 74:47‐53, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The mechanism of sex determination in vertebrates—are sex steroids the key‐factor?
Authors: Nakamura Masahisa
Published: May 2010

In many vertebrate species, sex is determined at fertilization of zygotes by sex chromosome composition, knows as genotypic sex determination (GSD). But in some species—fish, amphibians and reptiles—sex is determined by environmental factors; in particular by temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD). However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in TSD and GSD. How does TSD differ from GSD? As is well known, genes that activated downstream of sex‐determining genes are conserved throughout all classes of vertebrates. What is the main factor that determines sex, then? Sex steroids can reverse sex of several species of vertebrate; estrogens induce the male‐to‐female sex‐reversal, whereas androgens do the female‐to‐male sex‐reversal. For such sex‐reversal, a functioning sex‐determining gene is not required. However, in R. rugosa CYP19 (P450 aromatase) is expressed at high levels in indifferent gonads before phenotypic sex determination, and the gene is also active in the bipotential gonad of females before sex determination. Thus, we may predict that an unknown factor, a common transcription factor locates on the X and/or W chromosome, intervenes directly or indirectly in the transcriptional up‐regulation of the CYP19 gene for feminization in species of vertebrates with both TSD and GSD. Similarly, an unknown factor on the Z and/or Y chromosome probably intervenes directly or indirectly in the regulation of androgen biosynthesis for masculinization. In both cases, a sex‐determining gene is not always necessary for sex determination. Taken together, sex steroids may be the key‐factor for sex determination in some species of vertebrates. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:381–398, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cranial shape varies along an elevation gradient in Gambel's white‐footed mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus gambelii) in the Grinnell Resurvey Yosemite transect
Authors: Grieco T.M. , Rizk O.T.
Published: May 2010

Environmental variation over a species's range creates differing pressures to which organisms must adjust in order to survive. Taxa can respond to these pressures at population and individual levels, leading to localized phenotypic differentiation. Assessing the spatial distribution of phenotypic variation can illuminate how dramatically varying environmental factors shape phenotypes and may forecast a taxon's ability to adapt should conditions change. We characterized morphological variation along a transect sampled in the Grinnell Resurvey project to determine whether Gambel's white‐footed mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus gambelii), a generalist taxon inhabiting the full elevational range of habitats in Yosemite National Park and surrounding areas, has responded morphologically to variation in its environment. We quantified variation in modern P. m. gambelii cranial shape using 2D generalized Procrustes analysis and Euclidean distance matrix‐based geometric morphometrics. We performed multivariate regression of shape coordinates on elevation to test for environmental influences on shape within the principal geographic dimension of change along the transect. We observe a statistically significant correlation with shape on elevation for occlusal and lateral views of the cranium, explaining a small percentage of the overall variation in shape. Modern P. m. gambelii crania show a pattern of flexion in which the angle of the cranial base decreases at higher elevations. Results of EDMA parallel these findings, but highlight additional areas of the cranium that vary with elevation. Collectively, the patterns of variation detected suggest a biological response to the environment that warrants further study. This work lays the foundation for comparison with morphological data from historical specimens, which can address evolutionary scenarios generated from our findings, and for investigation of other taxa included in the resurvey project. J. Morphol. 271:897–909, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure and occurrence of cyphonautes larvae (bryozoa, ectoprocta)
Authors: Nielsen Claus , Worsaae Katrine
Published: May 2010

We have studied larvae of the freshwater ctenostome Hislopia malayensis with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and LM of serial sections. Some additional observations on larvae of M. membranacea using SEM and CLSM are also reported. The overall configuration of muscles, nerves, and cilia of the two larvae are identical. However, the larva of H. malayensis is much smaller than that of M. membranacea, which may explain most of the differences observed. Although all major nerves and muscle strands are present in H. malayensis, they are generally composed of fewer fibers. The H. malayensis larva lacks the anterior and posterior intervalve cilia. Its pyriform organ is unciliated with only a small central depression. The adhesive epithelium is not invaginated as an adhesive sac and lacks the large muscles interpreted as adhesive sac muscles in the M. membranacea larva. The velum carries two rows of ciliated cells, though the lower “row” consists of only one or two cells. Both rows of ciliated cells are innervated by nerves, which have not been detected in the M. membranacea larva. The ciliated ridge of H. malayensis lacks the frontal cilia. The planktotrophic cyphonautes larvae in a number of ctenostome clades and in the “basal” cheilostome clade Malacostega (and probably in the earliest cheilostomes) support the idea that the cyphonautes larva is the ancestral larval type of the Eurystomata. It may even represent the ancestral larval type of the bryozoans (= ectoprocts). J. Morphol. 271:1094‐1109, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The expression of estrogen receptors in the tenosynovium of postmenopausal women with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Kim Jae Kwang , Hann Hoo Jae , Kim Mi Jin , Kim Jeong Suh
Published: May 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate estrogen receptor (ER) expression in tenosynovial tissues of postmenopausal woman with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) to determine whether estrogen contributes to the pathogenesis of this condition. Biopsy samples of tenosynovial tissues were collected from 14 postmenopausal women (mean age; 57, range; 46–69 years) undergoing surgery for idiopathic CTS, and control specimens of tenosynovial tissue were collected from 6 postmenopausal women (mean age; 59, range; 48–68 years) without CTS. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed to determine the distributions of ER‐α and ER‐β in tenosynovial tissues. Histological examinations showed a significant increase in fibroblast cell densities in the specimens from the carpal tunnel syndrome patients. ER‐α and ER‐β immunoreactivities were observed in fibroblasts and in the synovial lining cells of tenosynovial tissues, and these were significantly greater in patients than in controls. This study suggests that the up‐regulations of ERs in the tenosynovial tissue are associated with idiopathic CTS in postmenopausal women. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1469–1474, 2010
Improving between‐day kinematic reliability using a marker placement device
Authors: Noehren Brian , Manal Kurt , Davis Irene
Published: May 2010

3D motion analysis is commonly used to measure clinical outcomes, involving repeated measures over time. However, the day‐to‐day reliability of these measurements has been questioned and few attempts have been made to improve this reliability. Our purpose was to determine if a marker placement device (MPD) could improve day‐to‐day kinematic reliability as compared to manual marker placement. Ten healthy runners participated. Day‐to‐day comparisons of peak angles were made between manual marker placement and the use of an MPD. Reliability of each method was determined with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and standard errors of measurement (SEM). The ICC and SEM values improved with the MPD. With the MPD, 7 out of 9 ICC values were >0.9 compared to only 3 when using manual marker placement. Additionally, the largest reduction in SEM values was in the transverse plane. Use of the MPD increases the power to detect smaller differences in studies of where gait is assessed over time. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1405–1410, 2010