bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase improves pressure overload induced chronic cardiac remodeling
Authors: Zhao Chen-Ze , Zhao Xu-Ming , Yang Jian , Mou Yun , Chen Bin , Wu Huan-Dong , Dai Dong-Pu , Ding Jie , Hu Shen-Jiang
Published: December 2016

Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) is a key enzyme in the mevalonate pathway. In our previous studies, we find that inhibition of FPPS attenuates angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by suppressing RhoA while FPPS and Ras are up-regulated in pressure overload rats. In this study, we evaluate the effects and mechanisms of FPPS inhibition in pressure overload mice. Male FPPS-small interfering RNA (SiRNA) transgenic (Tg) mice and non-transgenic littermate control (NLC) were randomly divided into suprarenal abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) group and sham operation group. 12 weeks following AAC, mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Histological and echocardiographic assessments showed that inhibition of FPPS improved chronic cardiac remodeling which was induced by AAC. The reductions of Ras farnesylation and GTP-Ras, as well as their downstream extracellular signal-related kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) expression were observed in the heart of Tg-AAC mice compared with NLC-AAC mice, along with the reduction of fetal gene expression. We provide here important experimental evidence that inhibition of FPPS improves AAC induced chronic cardiac remodeling and fibrosis by the reduction of farnesylated Ras and the downregulation of Ras-ERK1/2 pathway.
Sodium selenate regulates the brain ionome in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Zheng Lin , Zhu Hua-Zhang , Wang Bing-Tao , Zhao Qiong-Hui , Du Xiu-Bo , Zheng Yi , Jiang Liang , Ni Jia-Zuan , Zhang Yan , Liu Qiong
Published: December 2016

Many studies have shown that imbalance of mineral metabolism may play an important role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression. It was recently reported that selenium could reverse memory deficits in AD mouse model. We carried out multi-time-point ionome analysis to investigate the interactions among 15 elements in the brain by using a triple-transgenic mouse model of AD with/without high-dose sodium selenate supplementation. Except selenium, the majority of significantly changed elements showed a reduced level after 6-month selenate supplementation, especially iron whose levels were completely reversed to normal state at almost all examined time points. We then built the elemental correlation network for each time point. Significant and specific elemental correlations and correlation changes were identified, implying a highly complex and dynamic crosstalk between selenium and other elements during long-term supplementation with selenate. Finally, we measured the activities of two important anti-oxidative selenoenzymes, glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, and found that they were remarkably increased in the cerebrum of selenate-treated mice, suggesting that selenoenzyme-mediated protection against oxidative stress might also be involved in the therapeutic effect of selenate in AD. Overall, this study should contribute to our understanding of the mechanism related to the potential use of selenate in AD treatment.
Deficiency of Mkrn2 causes abnormal spermiogenesis and spermiation, and impairs male fertility
Authors: Qian Xu , Wang Lin , Zheng Bo , Shi Zhu-Mei , Ge Xin , Jiang Cheng-Fei , Qian Ying-Chen , Li Dong-Mei , Li Wei , Liu Xue , Yin Yu , Zheng Ji-Tai , Shen Hua , Wang Min , Guo Xue-Jiang , He Jun , Lin Marie , Liu Ling-Zhi , Sha Jia-Hao , Jiang Bing-Hua
Published: December 2016

Although recent studies have shed insights on some of the potential causes of male infertility, new underlining molecular mechanisms still remain to be elucidated. Makorin-2 (Mkrn2) is an evolutionarily conserved gene whose biological functions are not fully known. We developed an Mrkn2 knockout mouse model to study the role of this gene, and found that deletion of Mkrn2 in mice led to male infertility. Mkrn2 knockout mice produced abnormal sperms characterized by low number, poor motility, and aberrant morphology. Disruption of Mkrn2 also caused failure of sperm release (spermiation failure) and misarrangement of ectoplasmic specialization (ES) in testes, thus impairing spermiogenesis and spermiation. To understand the molecular mechanism, we found that expression of Odf2, a vital protein in spermatogenesis, was significantly decreased. In addition, we found that expression levels of Odf2 were decreased in Mkrn2 knockout mice. We also found that MKRN2 was prominently expressed in the sperm of normal men, but was significantly reduced in infertile men. This result indicates that our finding is clinically relevant. The results of our study provided insights into a new mechanism of male infertility caused by the MKRN2 downregulation.
Effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on serum lipids and vascular inflammation in patients with end-stage renal disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Tianhua , Sun Yiting , Sun Wei , Yao Li , Sun Li , Liu Linlin , Ma Jianfei , Wang Lining
Published: December 2016

Omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs) are associated with lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adults. However, this association in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) remains controversial prompting the need for investigation into the role of O3FAs on serum lipids and vascular inflammation markers. The present meta-analysis summarized the effects of O3FA supplementation on serum lipids and vascular inflammatory markers in patients with ESRD. PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focused on serum lipids and vascular inflammation markers in patients with ESRD. Standard mean differences (SMD) were used to measure the effect of O3FA supplementation on serum lipids and vascular inflammatory markers. The final pooled analysis included 20 RCTs involving 1,461 patients with ESRD. The results indicated that O3FA supplementation reduced TG by 0.61, LDL by 0.35 and CRP by 0.56. However, O3FA had no significant effect on TC, HDL, albumin, hemoglobin, homocysteine, DBP, glucose, lipoprotein(a), and ferritin. O3FA supplementation is associated with lower several serum lipids and vascular inflammation markers in patients with ESRD.
HBV/HCV dual infection impacts viral load, antibody response, and cytokine expression differently from HBV or HCV single infection
Authors: Chen Fei , Zhang Jian , Wen Bo , Luo Shan , Lin Yingbiao , Ou Wensheng , Guo Fengfan , Tang Ping , Liu Wenpei , Qu Xiaowang
Published: December 2016

Hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus (HBV/HCV) dual infection is common among high-risk individuals. To characterize the virological and immunological features of patients with HBV/HCV dual infection, we enrolled 1,049 individuals who have been identified as injection drug users. Patients were divided into single and dual infection groups according to the serological markers. We found the average HCV RNA level was significantly lower; however, HBV viral load was significantly higher in HBV/HCV dual-infected patients (n = 42) comparing HCV single infection (n = 340) or HBV single infection (n = 136). The level of anti-HBs in patients who experienced spontaneous HBV clearance was higher than that in HCV single-infected patients with HBV spontaneous clearance. The level of anti-HCV E2 in HBV/HCV dual infection was lower than that detected in HCV single infection. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were significantly lower in HBV/HCV dual-infected patients than in patients infected with HBV or HCV alone. Taken together, two viral replications are imbalanced in dual infected patients. The anti-HBs and anti-HCV E2 antibody production were impaired and proinflammatory IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α also downregulated due to dual infection. These findings will help further understanding the pathogenesis of HBV/HCV dual infection.
Pulsed photothermal interferometry for spectroscopic gas detection with hollow-core optical fibre
Authors: Lin Yuechuan , Jin Wei , Yang Fan , Ma Jun , Wang Chao , Ho Hoi Lut , Liu Yang
Published: December 2016

Gas detection with hollow-core photonic bandgap fibre (HC-PBF) and pulsed photothermal (PT) interferometry spectroscopy are studied theoretically and experimentally. A theoretical model is developed and used to compute the gas-absorption-induced temperature and phase modulation in a HC-PBF filled with low-concentration of C2H2 in nitrogen. The PT phase modulation dynamics for different pulse duration, peak power and energy of pump beam are numerically modelled, which are supported by the experimental results obtained around the P(9) absorption line of C2H2 at 1530.371 nm. Thermal conduction is identified as the main process responsible for the phase modulation dynamics. For a constant peak pump power level, the phase modulation is found to increase with pulse duration up to ~1.2 μs, while it increases with decreasing pulse duration for a constant pulse energy. It is theoretically possible to achieve ppb level detection of C2H2 with ~1 m length HC-PBF and a pump beam with ~10 ns pulse duration and ~100 nJ pulse energy.
Antibodies from multiple sclerosis patients preferentially recognize hyperglucosylated adhesin of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Walvoort Marthe T. C. , Testa Chiara , Eilam Raya , Aharoni Rina , Nuti Francesca , Rossi Giada , Real-Fernandez Feliciana , Lanzillo Roberta , Brescia Morra Vincenzo , Lolli Francesco , Rovero Paolo , Imperiali Barbara , Papini Anna Maria
Published: December 2016

In autoimmune diseases, there have been proposals that exogenous “molecular triggers”, i.e., specific this should be ‘non-self antigens’ accompanying infectious agents, might disrupt control of the adaptive immune system resulting in serious pathologies. The etiology of the multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unclear. However, epidemiologic data suggest that exposure to infectious agents may be associated with increased MS risk and progression may be linked to exogenous, bacterially-derived, antigenic molecules, mimicking mammalian cell surface glycoconjugates triggering autoimmune responses. Previously, antibodies specific to a gluco-asparagine (N-Glc) glycopeptide, CSF114(N-Glc), were identified in sera of an MS patient subpopulation. Since the human glycoproteome repertoire lacks this uniquely modified amino acid, we turned our attention to bacteria, i.e., Haemophilus influenzae, expressing cell-surface adhesins including N-Glc, to establish a connection between H. influenzae infection and MS. We exploited the biosynthetic machinery from the opportunistic pathogen H. influenzae (and the homologous enzymes from A. pleuropneumoniae) to produce a unique set of defined glucosylated adhesin proteins. Interestingly we revealed that a hyperglucosylated protein domain, based on the cell-surface adhesin HMW1A, is preferentially recognized by antibodies from sera of an MS patient subpopulation. In conclusion the hyperglucosylated adhesin is the first example of an N-glucosylated native antigen that can be considered a relevant candidate for triggering pathogenic antibodies in MS.
Enhanced Locomotion Efficiency of a Bio-inspired Walking Robot using Contact Surfaces with Frictional Anisotropy
Authors: Manoonpong Poramate , Petersen Dennis , Kovalev Alexander , Wörgötter Florentin , Gorb Stanislav N. , Spinner Marlene , Heepe Lars
Published: December 2016

Based on the principles of morphological computation, we propose a novel approach that exploits the interaction between a passive anisotropic scale-like material (e.g., shark skin) and a non-smooth substrate to enhance locomotion efficiency of a robot walking on inclines. Real robot experiments show that passive tribologically-enhanced surfaces of the robot belly or foot allow the robot to grip on specific surfaces and move effectively with reduced energy consumption. Supplementing the robot experiments, we investigated tribological properties of the shark skin as well as its mechanical stability. It shows high frictional anisotropy due to an array of sloped denticles. The orientation of the denticles to the underlying collagenous material also strongly influences their mechanical interlocking with the substrate. This study not only opens up a new way of achieving energy-efficient legged robot locomotion but also provides a better understanding of the functionalities and mechanical properties of anisotropic surfaces. That understanding will assist developing new types of material for other real-world applications.
Neural correlates of maintaining one’s political beliefs in the face of counterevidence
Authors: Kaplan Jonas T. , Gimbel Sarah I. , Harris Sam
Published: December 2016

People often discount evidence that contradicts their firmly held beliefs. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms that govern this behavior. We used neuroimaging to investigate the neural systems involved in maintaining belief in the face of counterevidence, presenting 40 liberals with arguments that contradicted their strongly held political and non-political views. Challenges to political beliefs produced increased activity in the default mode network—a set of interconnected structures associated with self-representation and disengagement from the external world. Trials with greater belief resistance showed increased response in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and decreased activity in the orbitofrontal cortex. We also found that participants who changed their minds more showed less BOLD signal in the insula and the amygdala when evaluating counterevidence. These results highlight the role of emotion in belief-change resistance and offer insight into the neural systems involved in belief maintenance, motivated reasoning, and related phenomena.
Differential identity of Filopodia and Tunneling Nanotubes revealed by the opposite functions of actin regulatory complexes
Authors: Delage Elise , Cervantes Diégo Cordero , Pénard Esthel , Schmitt Christine , Syan Sylvie , Disanza Andrea , Scita Giorgio , Zurzolo Chiara
Published: December 2016

Tunneling Nanotubes (TNTs) are actin enriched filopodia-like protrusions that play a pivotal role in long-range intercellular communication. Different pathogens use TNT-like structures as “freeways” to propagate across cells. TNTs are also implicated in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, making them promising therapeutic targets. Understanding the mechanism of their formation, and their relation with filopodia is of fundamental importance to uncover their physiological function, particularly since filopodia, differently from TNTs, are not able to mediate transfer of cargo between distant cells. Here we studied different regulatory complexes of actin, which play a role in the formation of both these structures. We demonstrate that the filopodia-promoting CDC42/IRSp53/VASP network negatively regulates TNT formation and impairs TNT-mediated intercellular vesicle transfer. Conversely, elevation of Eps8, an actin regulatory protein that inhibits the extension of filopodia in neurons, increases TNT formation. Notably, Eps8-mediated TNT induction requires Eps8 bundling but not its capping activity. Thus, despite their structural similarities, filopodia and TNTs form through distinct molecular mechanisms. Our results further suggest that a switch in the molecular composition in common actin regulatory complexes is critical in driving the formation of either type of membrane protrusion.
Beef and coal are key drivers of Australia’s high nitrogen footprint
Authors: Liang Xia , Leach Allison M. , Galloway James N. , Gu Baojing , Lam Shu Kee , Chen Deli
Published: December 2016

Anthropogenic release of reactive nitrogen (Nr; all species of N except N2) to the global nitrogen (N) cycle is substantial and it negatively affects human and ecosystem health. A novel metric, the N footprint, provides a consumer-based perspective for Nr use efficiency and connects lifestyle choices with Nr losses. Here we report the first full-scale assessment of the anthropogenic Nr loss by Australians. Despite its ‘clean and green’ image, Australia has the largest N footprint (47 kg N cap−1 yr−1) both in food and energy sectors among all countries that have used the N-Calculator model. About 69% of the Australia’s N footprint is attributed to food consumption and the associated food production, with the rest from energy consumption. Beef consumption and production is the major contributor of the high food N footprint, while the heavy dependence on coal for electricity explains the large energy N footprint. Our study demonstrates opportunities for managing Nr loss and lifestyle choices to reduce the N footprint.
Revisiting the connection between Solar eruptions and primary headaches and migraines using Twitter
Authors: Milojević Staša
Published: December 2016

Many internal and environmental triggers of primary headaches have been proposed, but establishing firm evidence for any of them has proved elusive. Geomagnetic storms, the disturbances of Earth’s magnetic field following Solar eruptions, have been proposed as one such trigger. In this study, we utilized a vast amount of self-reported symptoms from the online social networking service Twitter in order to investigate a purported link between the level of geomagnetic activity and the onset of primary headaches and migraines. We analyzed 63 million keyword-bearing messages posted over the three years covering the maximum of Solar Cycle 24. No correlation has been found despite the large sample size. The simulation reveals that the significant correlation would have emerged even if only 1% of headache (2% of migraine) instances were caused by geomagnetic disturbances, thus placing very low upper limits on the prevalence of this trigger among Twitter users.
Melatonin implantation improved the egg-laying rate and quality in hens past their peak egg-laying age
Authors: Jia Yaxiong , Yang Minghui , Zhu Kuanfeng , Wang Liang , Song Yukun , Wang Jing , Qin Wenxiang , Xu Zhiyuan , Chen Yu , Liu Guoshi
Published: December 2016

The egg-laying rates of hens approximately 470 days of age exhibited a positive correlation to blood melatonin levels. The hens with an egg-laying rate <30%, 30~90% and ≥90% had blood melatonin levels of 5.8 ± 2.6, 74.0 ± 32.9 and 445.9 ± 115.3 ng/ml, respectively. When 10 mg of melatonin was implanted into the hens at 300, 360, 470 and 550 days of age, the egg-laying rates increased 4.63 ± 0.46%, 8.38 ± 1.45%, 4.93 ± 0.85% and 7.93 ± 0.91%, respectively, compared to that of the controls. Melatonin implantation in hens at 300–470 days of age was observed to enhance egg production and reduce the rate of appearance of sharpei eggs. Melatonin (10 mg) implanted in hens 360 days of age did not influence the blood levels of progesterone (P4) or the gene expression levels of ovarian follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), oestradiol receptor alpha (ERα), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) or melatonin receptor 1 (MT1). In contrast, melatonin significantly elevated the serum oestradiol-17β (E2) content, down-regulated the gene expression of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone receptor (GnIHR), and enhanced the expression of melatonin receptor 2 (MT2). This result indicates that the improved egg-laying rate by melatonin was the result of increased serum oestradiol and decreased ovarian GnIHR. These alterations may be mediated by MT2 activation.
Sex Ratio Elasticity Influences the Selection of Sex Ratio Strategy
Authors: Wang Yaqiang , Wang Ruiwu , Li Yaotang , Ma Zhanshan
Published: December 2016

There are three sex ratio strategies (SRS) in nature—male-biased sex ratio, female-biased sex ratio and, equal sex ratio. It was R. A. Fisher who first explained why most species in nature display a sex ratio of ½. Consequent SRS theories such as Hamilton’s local mate competition (LMC) and Clark’s local resource competition (LRC) separately explained the observed deviations from the seemingly universal 1:1 ratio. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is not yet a unified theory that accounts for the mechanisms of the three SRS. Here, we introduce the price elasticity theory in economics to define sex ratio elasticity (SRE), and present an analytical model that derives three SRSs based on the following assumption: simultaneously existing competitions for both resources A and resources B influence the level of SRE in both sexes differently. Consequently, it is the difference (between two sexes) in the level of their sex ratio elasticity that leads to three different SRS. Our analytical results demonstrate that the elasticity-based model not only reveals a highly plausible mechanism that explains the evolution of SRS in nature, but also offers a novel framework for unifying two major classical theories (i.e., LMC & LRC) in the field of SRS research.
Experimental immunological demyelination enhances regeneration in autograft-repaired long peripheral nerve gaps
Authors: Ge Jun , Zhu Shu , Yang Yafeng , Liu Zhongyang , Hu Xueyu , Huang Liangliang , Quan Xin , Wang Meng , Huang Jinghui , Li Yunqing , Luo Zhuojing
Published: December 2016

Peripheral nerve long gap defects are a clinical challenge in the regeneration field. Despite the wide variety of surgical techniques and therapies, autografting is the “gold standard” for peripheral nerve gap reconstruction. The pathological process of Wallerian degeneration from the time of acute injury to efficient regeneration requires several weeks. Regeneration time is critical for nerve reconstruction. Immunological demyelination induced by anti-galactocerebroside antibodies plus guinea pig complement was used to shorten the treatment time. Based on an antigen-antibody complex reaction, the demyelinating agent induced an acute and severe demyelination, leading to the pathological process of Wallerian degeneration during the demyelinating period. This method was used to treat a 12 mm-long sciatic nerve defect in rats. The control groups were injected with one of the demyelinating agent components. The results indicated that anti-galactocerebroside antibodies plus guinea pig complement can significantly shorten treatment time and promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery. In addition, the demyelinating agent can increase the mRNA levels of nerve growth factors and can regulate inflammation. In conclusion, treatment with anti-galactocerebroside antibodies plus guinea pig complement can promote axonal regeneration. This therapy provides a novel method to improve functional recovery in the treatment of long nerve defects.
Acylated and desacyl ghrelin are associated with hepatic lipogenesis, β-oxidation and autophagy: role in NAFLD amelioration after sleeve gastrectomy in obese rats
Authors: Ezquerro Silvia , Méndez-Giménez Leire , Becerril Sara , Moncada Rafael , Valentí Víctor , Catalán Victoria , Gómez-Ambrosi Javier , Frühbeck Gema , Rodríguez Amaia
Published: December 2016

Bariatric surgery improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our aim was to investigate the potential role of ghrelin isoforms in the resolution of hepatic steatosis after sleeve gastrectomy, a restrictive bariatric surgery procedure, in diet-induced obese rats. Male Wistar rats (n = 161) were subjected to surgical (sham operation and sleeve gastrectomy) or dietary interventions [fedad libituma normal (ND) or a high-fat (HFD) diet or pair-fed]. Obese rats developed hepatosteatosis and showed decreased circulating desacyl ghrelin without changes in acylated ghrelin. Sleeve gastrectomy induced a dramatic decrease of desacyl ghrelin, but increased the acylated/desacyl ghrelin ratio. Moreover, sleeve gastrectomy reduced hepatic triglyceride content and lipogenic enzymesMogat2andDgat1, increased mitochondrial DNA amount and induced AMPK-activated mitochondrial FFA β-oxidation and autophagy to a higher extent than caloric restriction. In primary rat hepatocytes, the incubation with both acylated and desacyl ghrelin (10, 100 and 1,000 pmol/L) significantly increased TG content, triggered AMPK-activated mitochondrial FFA β-oxidation and autophagy. Our data suggest that the decrease in the most abundant isoform, desacyl ghrelin, after sleeve gastrectomy contributes to the reduction of lipogenesis, whereas the increased relative acylated ghrelin levels activate factors involved in mitochondrial FFA β-oxidation and autophagy in obese rats, thereby ameliorating NAFLD.
A cell-permeable and triazole-forming fluorescent probe for glycoconjugate imaging in live cells
Authors: Shie Jiun-Jie , Liu Ying-Chih , Hsiao Jye-Chian , Fang Jim-Min , Wong Chi-Huey
Published: December 2016

A new fluorescence-forming probe, coumOCT, designed by fusing cyclooctyne with a coumarin fluorophore was successfully used for the imaging of azido-glycoconjugates in living HeLa cells.
Allyl borates: a novel class of polyhomologation initiators
Authors: Wang De , Hadjichristidis Nikos
Published: December 2016

Allyl borates, a new class of monofunctional polyhomologation initiators, are reported. Upon increasing the ratio [ylide]/[B] the PM molecular weight increases correspondingly. The initiation mechanism was elucidated by1H and11B NMR.
Revealing the structural detail of individual polymers using a combination of electrospray deposition and UHV-STM
Authors: Jethwa Siddharth J. , Madsen Mikael , Knudsen Jakob Back , Lammich Lutz , Gothelf Kurt V. , Linderoth Trolle R.
Published: December 2016

The structure of a PPV based polymer was characterised at the nanoscale using a combination of electrospray deposition and UHV-STM.
Circularly polarized luminescence in chiral silver nanoclusters
Authors: Kumar Jatish , Kawai Tsuyoshi , Nakashima Takuya
Published: December 2016

Sets of mirror image circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectra are for the first time demonstrated using enantiomeric dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA)-capped silver nanoclusters.
Ambiguous reactivity of Li/Cl phosphinidenoid complexes under redox conditions – a novel dichotomy in phosphorus chemistry
Authors: García Cristina Murcia , Bauzá Antonio , Schnakenburg Gregor , Frontera Antonio , Streubel Rainer
Published: December 2016

A novel ambiguous reactivity of Li/Cl phosphinidenoid complexes under redox conditions is described.
Photoassist-phosphorylated TiO2 as a catalyst for direct formation of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural from glucose
Authors: Hattori Masashi , Kamata Keigo , Hara Michikazu
Published: December 2016

The efficient 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural production over photoassist-phosphorylated TiO2.
Polarization loss in the organic ferroelectric trialkylbenzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA)
Authors: Gorbunov A. V. , Meng X. , Urbanaviciute I. , Putzeys T. , Wübbenhorst M. , Sijbesma R. P. , Kemerink M.
Published: December 2016

The depolarization mechanism for the archetypical molecular ferroelectric BTA is quantitatively understood as an activated collective reversal of molecular dipoles.
Syntheses, crystal structures and photophysical properties of Cu(ii) complexes: fine tuning of a coordination sphere for selective binding of azamethiphos
Authors: Raj Pushap , Singh Amanpreet , Singh Ajnesh , Singh Narinder
Published: December 2016

We have synthesized two copper complexesC1–2and these complexes were explored as chemosensors for selective binding with azamethiphos.
Aloe activated P-glycoprotein and CYP 3A: a study on the serum kinetics of aloe and its interaction with cyclosporine in rats
Authors: Yang Meng-Syuan , Yu Chung-Ping , Huang Ching-Ya , Chao Pei-Dawn Lee , Lin Shiuan-Pey , Hou Yu-Chi
Published: December 2016

Aloe, the leaf juice ofAloe vera, is a popular functional food worldwide.
A highly selective fluorescent probe for Fe3+ in living cells: a stress induced cell based model study
Authors: Sharma Neetu , Reja Shahi Imam , Gupta Neha , Bhalla Vandana , Kaur Davinder , Arora Saroj , Kumar Manoj
Published: December 2016

A rhodamine–phenanthroline conjugated fluorescent probe 4 has been designed and synthesized for selective sensing and imaging of endogenous Fe3+ ions in living cells under different stress conditions.
A mitochondria-targeting fluorescent probe for the selective detection of glutathione in living cells
Authors: Liu Xue-Liang , Niu Li-Ya , Chen Yu-Zhe , Zheng Mei-Ling , Yang Yunxu , Yang Qing-Zheng
Published: December 2016

We report a fluorescent probe for the selective detection of mitochondrial glutathione (GSH).
Piezoelectric energy harvesting from a PMN–PT single nanowire
Authors: Moorthy Brindha , Baek Changyeon , Wang Ji Eun , Jeong Chang Kyu , Moon San , Park Kwi-Il , Kim Do Kyung
Published: December 2016

A piezoelectric PMN–PT single nanowire connected to an electrode-patterned plastic substrate using FIB deposition is characterized under mechanical bending.
Facile synthesis of ultrathin MoS2/C nanosheets for use in sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Minchan , Wu Zhe , Wang Zhenyu , Yu Sicen , Zhu Yinggang , Nan Bo , Shi Yang , Gu Yingying , Liu Hongtao , Tang Yougen , Lu Zhouguang
Published: December 2016

Layered MoS2/C nanosheets have been prepared by a novel and simple method and further investigated as anodes for sodium-ion batteries with good electrochemical performance.
Enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluid-based ethylene glycol containing Cu nanoparticles decorated on a Gr–MWCNT hybrid material
Authors: Van Trinh Pham , Anh Nguyen Ngoc , Thang Bui Hung , Quang Le Dinh , Hong Nguyen Tuan , Hong Nguyen Manh , Khoi Phan Hong , Minh Phan Ngoc , Hong Phan Ngoc
Published: December 2016

High thermal conductivity was obtained for nanofluid-based EG containing Cu nanoparticle-decorated Gr–MWCNT hybrid material synthesized by chemical reduction.
Serpent-cactus-like Co-doped Ni(OH)2/Ni3S2 hierarchical structure composed of ultrathin nanosheets for use in efficient asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Ye Lin , Zhao Lijun , Zhang Hang , Zan Ping , Gen Shuai , Shi Wenhui , Han Bing , Sun Haiming , Yang Xijia , Xu Tianhao
Published: December 2016

A Co-doped Ni(OH)2/Ni3S2 hybrid was grown in situ on Ni foam (NiCo-10) via a one-pot hydrothermal reaction with two-step temperature control.
Hexamethyldisilazane-mediated, full-solution-processed inverted quantum dot-light-emitting diodes
Authors: Fu Yan , Kim Daekyoung , Moon Hyoungseok , Yang Heesun , Chae Heeyeop
Published: December 2016

Fabrication of a multilayered quantum dot-light-emitting diode (QLED) with an inverted architecture cannot be usually fully solution-processed mainly due to the significant destruction of the pre-existing quantum dot (QD) emitting layer (EML) occurring during the subsequent solution-deposition of the hole transport layer (HTL).
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor in physiological and pathological conditions
Authors: Begni Veronica , Riva Marco Andrea , Cattaneo Annamaria
Published: December 2016

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that plays a key role in the central nervous system, promoting synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and neuroprotection. The BDNF gene structure is very complex and consists of multiple 5′-non-coding exons, which give rise to differently spliced transcripts, and one coding exon at the 3′-end. These multiple transcripts, together with the complex transcriptional regulatory machinery, lead to a complex and fine regulation of BDNF expression that can be tissue and stimulus specific. BDNF effects are mainly mediated by the high-affinity, tropomyosin-related, kinase B receptor and involve the activation of several downstream cascades, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase, phospholipase C-γ and phosphoinositide-3-kinase pathways. BDNF exerts a wide range of effects on neuronal function, including the modulation of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Importantly, alterations in BDNF expression and function are involved in different brain disorders and represent a major downstream mechanism for stress response, which has important implications in psychiatric diseases, such as major depressive disorders and schizophrenia. In the present review, we have summarized the main features of BDNF in relation to neuronal plasticity, stress response and pathological conditions, and discussed the role of BDNF as a possible target for pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments in the context of psychiatric illnesses.
Upper limb vibration prototype with sports and rehabilitation applications: development, evaluation and preliminary study
Authors: Pujari Amit Narahar , Neilson Richard D. , Aphale Sumeet S. , Cardinale Marco
Published: December 2016

Vibration stimulation as an exercise intervention has been studied increasingly for its potential benefits and applications in sports and rehabilitation. Vibratory exercise devices should be capable of generating highly precise and repeatable vibrations and should be capable of generating a range of vibration amplitudes and frequencies in order to provide different training protocols. Many devices used to exercise the upper body provide limited variations to exercise regimes mostly due to the fact that only vibration frequency can be controlled. The authors present an upper limb vibration exercise device with a novel actuator system and design which attempts to address these limitations. Preliminary results show that this device is capable of generating highly precise and repeatable vibrations with independent control over amplitude and frequency. Furthermore, the results also show that this solution provides a higher neuromuscular stimulation (i.e. electromyography activity) when compared with a control condition. The portability of this device is an advantage, and though in its current configuration it may not be suitable for applications requiring higher amplitude levels the technology is scalable.
Adaptive phasor estimation algorithm to enhance numerical distance protection
Authors: Mahari Arash , Sanaye‐Pasand Majid , Hashemi Sayyed Mohammad
Published: December 2016

This study presents an adaptive phasor estimation approach for fast numerical distance protection. The proposed method is based on signal condition assessment and choosing the proper phasor estimation method. Effects of errors caused by decaying DC component and coupling capacitor voltage transformer transients, as the main problems for distance relay impedance measurement procedure, are alleviated using the proposed adaptive method. Meanwhile, a new short window DC removal method is introduced. Thanks to the fast DC value estimation method, a short window phasor estimation method is utilised for current phasor estimation. Using the proper phasor estimation method based on voltage and current signal conditions results in more accuracy, fast decision making procedure and consequently a more reliable protection scheme. To verify the performance of the proposed method, numerous simulation studies are carried out. The results assert that the proposed adaptive method not only accelerates the relay operation, but also improves the relay accuracy which enhances numerical distance protection from security and dependability viewpoints.
Dual‐coupled inductors‐based high step‐up DC/DC converter without input electrolytic capacitor for PV application
Authors: Yang Jie , Yu Dongsheng , Cheng He , Zan Xiaoshu , Wen Huiqing
Published: December 2016

To alleviate the power losses caused by the fluctuation of the output current of the photovoltaic (PV) array, a DC/DC converter with high‐voltage gain is proposed for PV generation systems. The input current ripples of the proposed converter can be greatly reduced by making use of coupled inductors. Then the electrolytic capacitor on the input side could be replaced by polypropylene capacitor with smaller capacity and size. In addition, the snubber and the energy recovery circuits constructed by diodes and storage capacitors can be operated to reduce the voltage spikes of the switch tubes and losses caused by the leakage inductance. Based on analysing the inherent five operating modes of the proposed converter, high‐voltage gain and the zero input current ripples characteristics of the proposed converter is manifested. The theoretical analysis is then verified by a 150 W‐rated experimental prototype, and the results show that the proposed converter can quickly and accurately trace the maximum power point of PV array based on the modified incremental conductance method with high‐voltage gain and low current ripples.
Language Planning and Policy in Nepal
Authors: Sonntag Selma K.
Published: December 2016

The paper is an historical account of language planning and policy in Nepal, from the period of the first unification of Nepal in the 1700's up until the present day, with comments on possible future trends. Emphasis is placed on the period after 1951, when the Rana regime was first replaced by democratic experimentation and later by monarchal rule. The language policy of this post-1951 period is illustrated in the paper by co-ordinating government reports on the education system and development projects, newspaper articles, et cetera to the contemporary history of changes in government, of political party stands, and of Nepal's foreign policies. The author analyzes and comments on this co-ordination, demonstrating how language planning and policy formation is dependent on other political policies and events of the time. The two language policy controversies used as main examples in the paper are the Nepali-Hindi controversy, and to a lesser extent, the Nepali-Newari controversy. Explanations for the dominant role of these two controversies in an underdeveloped country with over forty languages are given.
Connecting visual presents to archival pasts in multilingual California
Authors: Train Robert W.
Published: December 2016

Linguistic Landscape (LL) research has emerged as an approach to document and analyze language use in public spaces in present-day multilingual California and elsewhere in the world. This paper extends the conceptual and methodological frame of LL beyond the visual, ethnographic present. It seeks to create dialogue between text-oriented archival research into historical contexts of language and identity, and the present-oriented ethnographic focus of LL grounded in current sociolinguistic, applied linguistic, anthropological, and educational research. Building upon research into monuments and memorialization, this paper develops “memorization” to conceptualize the multilayered historicity, intertextuality and materiality that commit to public memory linguistic, political, and educational discourses — with their constitutive ideologies, practices, and policies — designed to “make the past present for the future” in public space. This paper offers an interdisciplinary perspective on the memorization of the colonial Spanish missions in California and the 2015 canonization of their founder, Junípero Serra. Several methodological opportunities and challenges for LL are discussed for critically connecting present and past landscapes of multilingualism, and their future ethical implications.
Of Means and Ends: The Financialization and Regulation of Health Care
Authors: Widmer Andreas
Published: December 2016

Health care is at a critical stage: doctors and patients, the central protagonists in this field, are less and less satisfied with the outcomes. Much of the debate about health care has focused on the choice between large public or corporate solutions. This creates a false dichotomy and wrongheaded solution. As we evaluate proposed healthcare solutions, we ought to apply the frameworks of Catholic Social Doctrine. We can have a medical system that both meets financial objectives and makes a radical commitment to the person.
Achieving Moral, High Quality, Affordable Medical Care in America through a True Free Market
Authors: McKalip David
Published: December 2016

The basis of a just and moral economic model for health care is examined in the context of Catholic social teaching. The performance of the current model of “central economic planning” in medicine is evaluated in terms of the core principles of the social doctrine of the Catholic Church and compared to freedom-based economic models. It is clear that the best way to respect and serve human dignity, the common good, subsidiarity, and solidarity in medicine is through the establishment of a true, free-market health economy.

Lay Summary: This article reviews the impact of recent healthcare reforms as well as traditional “third party payment” models for healthcare financing in America (insurance). Impact on patients and doctors are evaluated in the context of Catholic social doctrine and the Catechism. The many shortcomings and negative consequences of an economy planned centrally by government are compared to the benefits of a true free-market medical economy with empowered individuals. The analysis shows that interference in the patient–physician relationship and the centrally planned medical economy itself violates Catholic teachings, harms patients and doctors, and create morally evil outcomes and economic structures.
Conservation-oriented restoration – how to make it a success?
Authors: Volis Sergei
Published: December 2016

Plant conservation biology needs a new paradigm to stop ongoing environmental degradation and species loss. This paper provides detailed methodological guidelines for the conceptual integration of conservation biology and restoration ecology through “conservation-oriented restoration” as introduced in a companion paper. Based on the latest theoretical developments in community ecology and vast experience gained by researchers in restoration ecology and conservation biology, this paper provides recommendations, among others, for (i) identification of a reference ecosystem; (ii) making operational species lists for introduction; (iii) choosing optimal restoration in terms of planting design, plant number and density; (iv) collecting, storing and using seeds; and (v) addressing plant–animal interactions.
Deformation of quintic threefolds to the chordal variety
Authors: Zahariuc Adrian
Published: December 2016

We consider a family of quintic threefolds specializing to a certain reducible threefold. We describe the space of genus zero stable morphisms to the central fiber, as defined by J. Li. As an application of a straightforward extension, we prove the existence of rigid stable maps with smooth source of arbitrary genus and sufficiently high degree to very general quintics.
Climate Change Communication in the Netherlands
Authors: Dewulf Art , Boezeman Daan , Vink Martinus
Published: December 2016

Climate change communication in the Netherlands started in the 1950s, but it was not until the late 1970s that the issue earned a place on the public agenda, as an aspect of the energy problem, and in the shadow of controversy about nuclear energy. Driven largely by scientific reports and political initiatives, the first climate change wave can be observed in the period from 1987 to 1989, as part of a broader environmental consciousness wave. The Netherlands took an active role in international climate change initiatives at the time but struggled to achieve domestic emission reductions throughout the 1990s. The political turmoil in the early 2000s dominated Dutch public debate, until An Inconvenient Truth triggered the second climate change wave in 2006–2007, generating peak media attention and broad societal activity. The combination of COP15 and Climategate in late 2009 marked a turning point in Dutch climate change communication, with online communication and climate-sceptic voices gaining much more prominence. Climate change mitigation was pushed down on the societal and political agenda in the 2010s. Climate change adaptation had received much attention during the second climate change wave and had been firmly institutionalized with respect to flood defense and other water management issues. By 2015 a landmark climate change court case and the Paris Agreement at COP21 were fueling climate change communication once again.
Climate of the Mediterranean Region
Authors: García-Herrera Ricardo , Barriopedro David
Published: December 2016

The Mediterranean is a semi-enclosed sea surrounded by Europe to the north, Asia to the east, and Africa to the south. It covers an area of approximately 2.5 million km2, between 30–46 °N latitude and 6 °W and 36 °E longitude. The term Mediterranean climate is applied beyond the Mediterranean region itself and has been used since the early 20th century to classify other regions of the world, such as California or South Africa, usually located in the 30º–40º latitudinal band. The Mediterranean climate can be broadly characterized by warm to hot dry summers and mild wet winters. However, this broad picture hides important variations, which can be explained through the existence of two geographical gradients: North/South, with a warmer and drier south, and West/East, more influenced by Atlantic/Asian circulation.

The region is located at a crossroad between the mid-latitudes and the subtropical regimes. Thus, small changes in the Atlantic storm track may lead to dramatic changes in the precipitation of the northwestern area of the basin. The variability of the descending northern branch of the Hadley cell influences the climate of the southern margin, while the eastern border climate is conditioned by the Siberian High in winter and the Indian Summer Monsoon during summer. All these large-scale factors are modulated by the complex orography of the region, the contrasting albedo, and the moisture and heat supplied by the Mediterranean Sea. The interactions occurring among all these factors lead to a complex picture with some relevant phenomena characteristic of the Mediterranean region, such as heatwaves and droughts, Saharan dust intrusions, or specific types of cyclogenesis.

Climate model projections generally agree in characterizing the region as a climate change hotspot, considering that it is one of the areas of the globe likely to suffer pronounced climate changes. Anthropogenic influences are not new, since the region is densely populated and is the home of some the oldest civilizations on Earth. This has produced multiple and continuous modifications in the land cover, with measurable impacts on climate that can be traced from the rich available documentary evidence and high-resolution natural proxies.