bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Meaning of Utterance-Final Even
Authors: Kim Min-Joo , Jahnke Nathan
Published: December 2010

This article takes up a relatively understudied phenomenon in English wherein the additive scalar focus particle even occurs following its focus, typically in utterance-final (UF) position. We show that this UF incarnation of even is not a simple variant of its prefocal (PF) counterpart. Four distinct functions of UF-EVEN are identified: (1) the mirative, (2) the elaborative, (3) the simple additive, and (4) the simple corrective. Building on Traugott’s theory of semantic change, the authors present an analysis that outlines the developmental path of UF-EVEN: all its functions are claimed to originate from PF-EVEN’s meaning, although some are less directly related to it. In addition, the authors demonstrate that UF-EVEN shares some of its developmental paths with discourse markers like actually and in fact, suggesting that it has taken on the function of a sentential adverb. The article ends with discussing repercussions for the theory of meaning change and its conventionalization.
The transition into ambient language: A longitudinal study of babbling and first word production of Italian children
Authors: Majorano Marinella , D'Odorico Laura
Published: December 2010

The present study investigates the appearance of certain phonetic, phonological, and prosodic aspects of Italian in the early language of native speakers; a longitudinal analysis of babbling and word production in 11 Italian children ranging in age from 0;10 to 2;0 is reported. It focuses in particular on the syllabic frequency of babbling utterances and the distribution of consonant sounds in relation to their place of articulation in babbling and first words. It analyzes also the role of phonotactic characteristics and accentual patterns of word targets in production correctness and word shape constraints. Results show that the relationships with the frequency characteristics of the Italian lexicon become increasingly evident in language production from age 0;11 on. The data also provide substantiation for the role of phonotactic characteristics and accentual patterns in influencing correct word production. Finally, a continuity between babbling and words emerged from an analysis of individual differences. The discussion focuses on the role of ambient characteristics of language versus universal articulatory constraints in early phonological development.
Gender and patterns of language development in mother-toddler and father-toddler dyads
Authors: Lovas Gretchen S.
Published: December 2010

The study examined parent, child, and dyadic gender effects in parent reports of words and MLUs. Mothers and fathers from 113 families completed the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory: Toddlers when the toddlers were 1;7; half completed a follow-up at 2;0. Child gender differences in words and MLUs increased over time and parent gender differences decreased. Dyadic analyses revealed bidirectional influences. At 1;7, dyadic scores for words and MLUs displayed a descending pattern from mother—daughter, to mother—son, to father—daughter, to father—son dyads. At 2;0, the most and fewest words were reported in mother—daughter and mother—son dyads, respectively; and the longest and shortest MLUs in father—daughter and father—son dyads, respectively. The data raise questions about the ‘bridge hypothesis.’ They suggest that fathers are more likely to provide a bridge for daughters than for sons; daughters may play an active role in eliciting this behavior.
Attention to multiple events helps two-and-a-half-year-olds extend new verbs
Authors: Childers Jane B.
Published: December 2010

An important question in verb learning is how children extend new verbs to new situational contexts. In Study 1, two-and-a-half-year-old children were shown a complex event followed by new events that preserved only the action from the initial event, only the result, or no new events. Children seeing events that preserved either the action or the result produced appropriate verb extensions at test while children without this information did not. In a follow-up study, children hearing new verbs produced more extensions than did children hearing non-labeling speech. These studies suggest that attention to related events is helpful to young verb learners, perhaps because they structurally align these events during verb learning.
Stress Reduction at the Work-Family Interface: Positive Parenting and Self-Efficacy as Mechanisms of Change in Workplace Triple P
Authors: Hartung Doreen , Hahlweg Kurt
Published: December 2010

Workplace Triple P (WPTP) is a group-based parenting skills training specifically designed to meet the needs of employed parents. Several randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the training’s efficacy. This study examined possible mechanisms of change that account for the stress reduction effects of this parenting skills training at the work—family interface. It was hypothesized that reductions in dysfunctional parenting (DP) behavior and increases in parental self-efficacy would mediate the stress-reducing effects of WPTP. The mediator effects were analyzed in a German pre- and postcompleter sample ( N = 97 parents; 74 mothers and 23 fathers; treatment condition: n = 42 parents; waitlist-control condition n = 55 parents). The results indicate that individual stress- (IS) level reductions were mediated by decreased levels of DP. In addition, changes in IS levels mediated the effects of the training on work-related stress. The discussion focuses on the importance of understanding mechanisms of change to effectively implement interventions at the work—family interface.
Brief Experimental Analysis of Sight Word Interventions: A Comparison of Acquisition and Maintenance of Detected Interventions
Authors: Baranek Amy , Fienup Daniel M. , Pace Gary
Published: December 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine utility of a brief experimental analysis (BEA) in determining effective sight word interventions for a student with a history of difficulty with acquiring sight word recognition. Ten interventions were compared in a BEA. Following the BEA, an extended analysis was conducted that compared the two most effective interventions (from the BEA) with a control condition. Even though the BEA found two interventions to be relatively equal, one of the two interventions resulted in acquisition in half the sessions as the other intervention and this was replicated in a second extended analysis. Implications for BEA and recommendations for future research are discussed.
The Effects of the Good Behavior Game on the Conduct of Regular Education New York City High School Students
Authors: Kleinman Kimberly E. , Saigh Philip A.
Published: December 2010

The efficacy of the Good Behavior Game was examined in a multiethnic New York City public high school. Classroom rules were posted and students were divided into two teams. A reinforcement preference questionnaire was used to select daily and weekly prizes. The classroom teacher indicated that he was going to place a check on the board after every rule infraction as he named rule violators and their infractions. Students were also told that the team with the fewest marks at the end of each day would become the daily winners and receive prizes. They were also told that the team with the fewest marks for the week would be recognized as the weekly winners and receive additional prizes. The rate of disruptive behavior was charted across four treatment phases using a reversal design. The game phases were associated with marked reductions in the rate of seat leaving, talking without permission, and aggression. Teacher and student feedback supported the social validity of the procedure.
Interpersonal Justice and Deviance
Authors: Holtz Brian C. , Harold Crystal M.
Published: December 2010

Research suggests that employees who perceive interpersonal injustice in their workplace are more likely to engage in workplace deviance. However, researchers have seldom considered the role of personal values in shaping behavioral reactions to perceived injustice. This article investigates the moderating influence of justice-related values on reactions to perceived injustice. Results suggest that employees with strong interpersonal justice values, or justice orientations, are unlikely to engage in workplace deviance, regardless of their interpersonal justice perceptions. Results were consistent across two operationalizations of justice values and consistent across self-reported and coworker-reported workplace deviance.
Review: The development of coping across childhood and adolescence: An integrative review and critique of research
Authors: Zimmer-Gembeck Melanie J. , Skinner Ellen A.
Published: December 2010

Despite consensus that development shapes every aspect of coping, studies of age differences in coping have proven difficult to integrate, primarily because they examine largely unselected age groups, and utilize overlapping coping categories. A developmental framework was used to organize 58 studies of coping involving over 250 age comparisons or correlations with age. The framework was based on (1) conceptualizations of coping as regulation to suggest ages at which coping should show developmental shifts (Skinner & Zimmer-Gembeck, 2009), and (2) notions of hierarchical families to clarify which coping categories should be distinguished at each age (Skinner, Edge, Altman, & Sherwood, 2003). Developmental patterns in coping (e.g., problem-solving, distraction, support-seeking, escape) were scrutinized with a focus on common age shifts. Two kinds of age trends were discerned, one reflecting increases in coping capacities, as seen in support-seeking (from reliance on adults to more self-reliance), problem-solving (from instrumental action to planful problem-solving), and distraction (adding cognitive to behavioural strategies); and one reflecting improvements in the deployment of different coping strategies according to which ones are most effective in dealing with specific kinds of stressors. Results were used to formulate guidelines for future research on the development of coping.
Analyzing multiple informant data on child and adolescent behavior problems: Predictive validity and comparison of aggregation procedures
Authors: van Dulmen Manfred H.M. , Egeland Byron
Published: December 2010

We compared the predictive validity of five aggregation methods for multiple informant data on child and adolescent behavior problems. In addition, we compared the predictive validity of these aggregation methods with single informant scores. Data were derived from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N = 175). Maternal and teacher reports of child behavior problems were obtained at ages 7 and 16 using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher Report Form (TRF). Adolescent self-report of child behavior problems was obtained at age 16 (Youth Self-Report). Adolescent psychopathology data was obtained at age 17.5 using a semi-structured diagnostic interview (The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia; K-SADS). Results generally showed that the latent variable performed better in predicting adolescent psychopathology compared to the other aggregation methods and single informant scores. The other aggregation methods did not, however, outperform the single informant scores.
Inter-epistemic Power and Transforming Knowledge Objects in a Biomedical Network
Authors: McGivern Gerry , Dopson Sue
Published: December 2010

We examine a multidisciplinary network established to translate genetics science into practice in the British NHS. Drawing on theory about epistemic communities and objects, we describe three stages in their lifecycle (vision/formation, transformation and reincarnation) and epistemic clashes over knowledge objects. Medical academics captured jurisdiction over the network at formation, through their superior knowledge of the nascent genetics discipline, producing epistemic objects reflecting their interests. A governmental community challenged medical academics for jurisdiction but, unable to transform objects by changing their space of representation in performance reporting, ceased funding the network, which then closed. Afterwards, however, a NHS community successfully ‘reincarnated’ a discarded epistemic object into a technical object in NHS practice. We make a theoretical contribution by developing a processual framework for understanding biomedical innovation, focusing on transforming objects situated between different wider knowledge/power structures. This explains how objects were transformed at micro-level through the interaction and relative power of local communities, influenced by macro-level rules about knowledge formation in wider epistemic, organizational and governmental communities.
Essai: From Iron Cages to Liquid Modernity in Organization Analysis
Authors: Clegg Stewart , Baumeler Carmen
Published: December 2010

Historically, the metaphor of the iron cage, as a key component of Weber’s sociological imagination, has played a central role in organization studies. It did so both in its initial role in the sociology of bureaucracy and in its reinterpretation in institutional terms. More recently, there have been claims that the metaphors should change. The implications of this for the analysis of organization are the subject of this paper. To address these changes, we draw on debates that have been current in the sociology of consumption, where there is an emergent consensus that there has been a shift to an increasingly liquid modernity. We ask, what are the implications of liquid modernity when viewed not solely in the sphere of consumption but when we shift focus back to the sphere of production — to organizations?
A Self-Report Instrument That Describes Urogenital Atrophy Symptoms in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Lester Joanne , Bernhard Linda , Ryan-Wenger Nancy
Published: December 2010

Urogenital atrophy affects the lower urinary and genital tracts and is responsible for urinary, genital, and sexual symptoms. The accurate identification, measurement, and documentation of symptoms are limited by the absence of reliable and valid instruments. The Urogenital Atrophy Questionnaire was developed to allow self-reporting of symptoms and to provide clinicians and researchers an instrument to identify, measure, and document indicators of urogenital atrophy. A pilot study ( n = 30) measured test–retest reliability ( p < .05) of the instrument. Subsequently, a survey of women with ( n = 168) and without breast cancer ( n = 166) was conducted using the Urogenital Atrophy Questionnaire, Female Sexual Function Instrument, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy, Breast, Endocrine Scale. Exploratory factor analysis (KMO 0.774; Bartlett’s test of sphericity 0.000) indicated moderate-high relatedness of items. Concurrent ( p > .01) and divergent validity ( p < .000) were established. A questionnaire resulted that enables women, regardless of sexual orientation, partner status, and levels of sexual activity to accurately report symptoms.
Pediatric Nurses’ Beliefs and Pain Management Practices
Authors: Van Hulle Vincent Catherine , Wilkie Diana J. , Wang Edward
Published: December 2010

We evaluated feasibility of the Internet-based Relieve Children’s Pain (RCP) protocol to improve nurses’ management of children’s pain. RCP is an interactive, content-focused, and Kolb’s experiential learning theory–based intervention. Using a one-group, pretest–posttest design, we evaluated feasibility of RCP and pretest–posttest difference in scores for nurses’ beliefs, and simulated and actual pain management practices. Twenty-four RNs completed an Internet-based Pain Beliefs and Practices Questionnaire (PBPQ, alpha = .83) before and after they completed the RCP and an Acceptability Scale afterward. Mean total PBPQ scores significantly improved from pretest to posttest as did simulated practice scores. After RCP in actual hospital practice, nurses administered significantly more ibuprofen and ketorolac and children’s pain intensity significantly decreased. Findings showed strong evidence for the feasibility of RCP and study procedures and significant improvement in nurses’ beliefs and pain management practices. The 2-hr RCP program is promising and warrants replication with an attention control group and a larger sample.
Joint and Separate Evaluation of Risk Reduction
Authors: Gyrd-Hansen Dorte , Halvorsen Peder , Nexøe Jørgen , Nielsen Jesper , Støvring Henrik , Kristiansen Ivar
Published: December 2010

Background. When people make choices, they may have multiple options presented simultaneously or, alternatively, have options presented 1 at a time. It has been shown that if decision makers have little experience with or difficulties in understanding certain attributes, these attributes will have greater impact in joint evaluations than in separate evaluations. The authors investigated the impact of separate versus joint evaluations in a health care context in which laypeople were presented with the possibility of participating in risk-reducing drug therapies. Methods. In a randomized study comprising 895 subjects aged 40 to 59 y in Odense, Denmark, subjects were randomized to receive information in terms of absolute risk reduction (ARR), relative risk reduction (RRR), number needed to treat (NNT), or prolongation of life (POL), all with respect to heart attack, and they were asked whether they would be willing to receive a specified treatment. Respondents were randomly allocated to valuing the interventions separately (either great effect or small effect) or jointly (small effect and large effect). Results. Joint evaluation reduced the propensity to accept the intervention that offered the smallest effect. Respondents were more sensitive to scale when faced with a joint evaluation for information formats ARR, RRR, and POL but not for NNT. Evaluability bias appeared to be most pronounced for POL and ARR. Conclusion. Risk information appears to be prone to evaluability bias. This suggests that numeric information on health gains is difficult to evaluate in isolation. Consequently, such information may bear too little weight in separate evaluations of risk-reducing interventions.
Citizen Satisfaction Survey Data
Authors: Herian Mitchel N. , Tomkins Alan J.
Published: December 2010

The purpose of this article is to provide evidence regarding the comparability of results provided by two survey methods—a random phone survey and a nonrandom online survey—using the derived importance–performance approach to examine service satisfaction data at the local level. Specifically, we measure whether nonprobability opt-in online survey results produce results that are convergent or divergent to random phone survey results. The findings show that the phone and online survey techniques yield divergent results when simple univariate statistical techniques are employed but produce similar results when the data are analyzed using the more advanced derived importance approach. Though preliminary, the findings suggest that recent advances in the analysis of satisfaction survey data might have the possibility to offset the methodological drawbacks of nonrandom survey techniques such as opt-in online questionnaires. Because of the cost and resource implications of the use of each survey technique, the results hold potentially important lessons for researchers and administrators interested in understanding the costs and benefits of using various survey methods to assess satisfaction with municipal services.
Surgical Hip Dislocation for the Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement in High-Level Athletes
Authors: Naal Florian D. , Miozzari Hermes H. , Wyss Tobias F. , Nötzli Hubert P.
Published: December 2010

Background: Midterm outcome studies show that symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) can be successfully treated by addressing the underlying pathomorphology with open or arthroscopic surgery. Although athletes may be vulnerable to hip injury from impingement, limited information is available regarding the results of open surgery in this group.

Hypothesis: High-level athletes with FAI can resume their sports after surgical hip dislocation and continue professional careers for a significant period.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods: Twenty-two professional male athletes (19.7 ± 2.2 years) were evaluated by postal survey at a mean of 45.1 months (range, 12 to 79) after treatment by surgical hip dislocation (30 hips, cam- or mixed-type FAI; mean α angle, 69.3°; 14 ice hockey players). Evaluation included types and level of sports, subjective ratings, and clinical outcomes: Hip Outcome Score, SF-12, UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) activity scale, Hip Sports Activity Scale, visual analog scale for pain. The primary outcome variable was return to professional sports; the clinical result was the secondary outcome variable.

Results: At follow-up, 21 of 22 patients (96%) were still competing professionally: 19 at their previous level and 2 in minor leagues. Eighteen (82%) were satisfied with their hip surgery and 19 (86%) with their sports ability. Mean activity levels were 9.8 per the UCLA scale and 7.6 per the Hip Sports Activity Scale. Mean scores of the Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living and Sport subscales were 94.5 and 89.1. Mean scores of the SF-12 physical and mental component summaries were 51.1 and 54.3. Pain levels during sports were 1.8 per the visual analog scale.

Conclusion: Surgical hip dislocation for the treatment of FAI allows athletes to resume sports and continue professional careers at the same level for several years. Clinical outcomes in terms of subjective ratings and scores were favorable.
Management of Medial-Sided Knee Injuries, Part 2
Authors: Tibor Lisa M. , Marchant Milford H. , Taylor Dean C. , Hardaker William T. , Garrett William E. , Sekiya Jon K.
Published: December 2010

Injury to the posteromedial corner (PMC) of the knee differs anatomically and biomechanically from isolated injury to the medial collateral ligament. Newer anatomic and biomechanical studies are refining the field’s understanding of the medial side of the knee, as well as its role in multiple ligament injuries. Valgus instability places additional strain on a reconstructed anterior or posterior cruciate ligament, which can contribute to late graft failure. Injuries to the PMC may not heal without surgical repair or reconstruction, particularly when part of a multiple-ligament injury. Identification of PMC injury before cruciate reconstruction is important so that appropriate repair or reconstruction of the PMC and medial collateral ligament can be undertaken at the same time. This article reviews the relevant literature on the PMC, discusses reasons for selective operative management, and illustrates reconstructive strategies for PMC injuries occurring as part of a medial-sided or multiligament injury to the knee.
Effect of Shoulder Abduction Angle on Biomechanical Properties of the Repaired Rotator Cuff Tendons With 3 Types of Double-Row Technique
Authors: Mihata Teruhisa , Fukuhara Tetsutaro , Jun Bong Jae , Watanabe Chisato , Kinoshita Mitsuo
Published: December 2010

Background: After rotator cuff repair, the shoulder is immobilized in various abduction positions. However, there is no consensus on the proper abduction angle.

Purpose: To assess the effect of shoulder abduction angle on the biomechanical properties of the repaired rotator cuff tendons among 3 types of double-row techniques.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Methods: Thirty-two fresh-frozen porcine shoulders were used. A simulated rotator cuff tear was repaired by 1 of 3 double-row techniques: conventional double-row repair, transosseous-equivalent repair, and a combination of conventional double-row and bridging sutures (compression double-row repair). Each specimen underwent cyclic testing followed by tensile testing to failure at a simulated shoulder abduction angle of 0° or 40° on a material testing machine. Gap formation and failure loads were measured.

Results: Gap formation in conventional double-row repair at 0° (1.2 ± 0.5 mm) was significantly greater than that at 40° (0.5 ± 0.3mm, P = .01). The yield and ultimate failure loads for conventional double-row repair at 40° were significantly larger than those at 0° ( P < .01), whereas those for transosseous-equivalent repair ( P < .01) and compression double-row repair ( P < .0001) at 0° were significantly larger than those at 40°. The failure load for compression double-row repair was the greatest among the 3 double-row techniques at both 0° and 40° of abduction.

Conclusion: Bridging sutures have a greater effect on the biomechanical properties of the repaired rotator cuff tendon at a low abduction angle, and the conventional double-row technique has a greater effect at a high abduction angle.

Clinical Relevance: Proper abduction position after rotator cuff repair differs between conventional double-row repair and transosseous-equivalent repair. The authors recommend the use of the combined technique of conventional double-row and bridging sutures to obtain better biomechanical properties at both low and high abduction angles.
Slow-release of methanogenic inhibitors derived from encapsulated calcium carbide using paraffin wax and/or rosin: matrix optimization and diffusion characteristics
Authors: Tiantao Zhao , Youcai Zhao , Lijie Zhang , Haoquan Chen , Feng Shi , Haiyan Zhou
Published: December 2010

Acetylene has been found to significantly inhibit biological activity of methanogens and thus might be applicable for reducing the generation and emission of methane from municipal solid waste landfills. However, acetylene is gaseous and so it is considered physically infeasible to directly apply this gas to waste in landfill conditions. In the present study, a novel acetylene release mechanism was tested, using a matrix of acetylene entrapped in high hydrophobic paraffin wax and/or rosin and calcium carbide capsules with a ratio of 1.0 g g−1 matrix and a diameter of 10 mm to facilitate the gradual release of acetylene. A diffusion mechanism model ( Q = ɣ × t0.5) for the matrix was derived based on the T. Higuchi equation, and the effective diffusion coefficients ( De) were acquired by linear fitting. Additionally, it was found that De remained constant when the rosin content was up to more than 20% g g−1 matrix.
A Model of Transformative Collaboration
Authors: Swartz Ann L. , Triscari Jacqlyn S.
Published: December 2010

Two collaborative writing partners sought to deepen their understanding of transformative learning by conducting several spirals of grounded theory research on their own collaborative relationship. Drawing from adult education, business, and social science literature and including descriptive analysis of their records of activity and interaction throughout a writing project, this article exhibits a comprehensive model of collaboration that integrates both transformative learning and dynamic/complex adaptive systems perspectives.
Calling Transformative Learning Into Question
Authors: Newman Michael
Published: December 2010

The author identifies six flaws that commonly occur in explanations of transformative learning, and suggests that transformative learning may not exist as an identifiable phenomenon. He proposes that we abandon the term transformative learning, and adopt the straightforward term good learning. Good learning, he argues, has nine aspects.
Examining Individual and Instruction-Related Predictors of the Self-Determination of Students With Disabilities
Authors: Lee Youngsun , Wehmeyer Michael L. , Palmer Susan B. , Williams-Diehm Kendra , Davies Daniel K. , Stock Steven E.
Published: December 2010

This study examined individual and instructional predictors of the self-determination of students with disabilities, as measured by the Arc’s Self-Determination Scale and the student version of the AIR Self-Determination Scale. The general findings indicated that instructional, knowledge, and dispositional factors were stronger predictors of students’ self-determination than personal predictor variables. In particular, self-efficacy and outcome expectancy scores, student-directed transition planning instruction, and students’ preintervention transition planning knowledge were predictive of higher self-determination scores among students.
The Breastfeeding Team: The Role of Involved Fathers in the Breastfeeding Family
Authors: Rempel Lynn A. , Rempel John K.
Published: December 2010

Fathers influence mothers’ breastfeeding decisions and experiences. Fathers’ perceptions of their roles as members of the breastfeeding family are likely important components of that influence. To explore that possibility, 21 involved fathers of breastfeeding babies volunteered to be interviewed regarding their fathering breastfed babies and their roles in the breastfeeding family. Fathers identified their unique roles as team members ensuring that their babies received the benefits of breastfeeding. A primary fathering role was that of supporting breastfeeding by becoming breastfeeding savvy, by using their knowledge to encourage and assist mothers in breastfeeding, by valuing the breastfeeding mothers, and by sharing housework and child care. Fathers’ nurturing roles involved fostering positive father-infant relationships in the face of limited opportunities to bond with their babies through feeding. The experiences of these fathers suggest the importance of assisting them to recognize their unique contributions to the nurture of their children as members of the breastfeeding team.
Occupational Decision-Related Processes for Amotivated Adolescents
Authors: Jung Jae Yup , McCormick John
Published: December 2010

This study developed and (statistically) confirmed a new model of the occupational decision-related processes of adolescents, in terms of the extent to which they may be amotivated about choosing a future occupation. A theoretical framework guided the study. A questionnaire that had previously been administered to an Australian adolescent sample was refined and then administered to a sample of 566 Australian Grade 11 students attending a stratified random sample of 16 government high schools in the Sydney metropolitan area. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The major finding was the development and empirical confirmation of a model of the occupational decision-related processes of amotivated Australian adolescents, which suggested that within the context of the study: (a) social influences from the family may allow adolescents to see the relationship between making an occupational decision and its consequences, (b) occupational amotivation may be associated with a lack of decidedness about a future occupation, a non-expectancy for occupational success, and a non-valuing of interest/enjoyment in occupations, (c) those who value recognition are likely to be expect success in a future occupation, and (d) those with an expectancy for occupational success are likely to be undecided about their future occupation. Psychologists, career managers, counselors, educators, and families may be able to use the findings to assist amotivated adolescents in their occupation-related decisions.
A Psychometric Evaluation of the Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale With Korean Students: A Rasch Model Approach
Authors: Nam Suk Kyung , Yang Eunjoo , Lee Sang Min , Lee Sang Hee , Seol Hyunsoo
Published: December 2010

The Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale (CDSE) is one of the most frequently used in the field of career development and counseling. In this study, using the Rasch rating scale model analysis, the CDSE Scale was evaluated by the content, structural, and substantive aspects of validity in a sample of college students from South Korea. Overall, the 5-point Likert-type format response categories are suitable for the scale. In addition, most items, except three (17, 13, and 25), form a unidimensional trait based on the results from item-fit statistics and principle component analysis with standardized residuals. For those three differentiated items, the content evidence of the validity of the Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale—Short Form (CDSE-SF) is suggested for future research.
The Knowledge Levels and Opinions of Biomedical Students Regarding the Human Papillomavirus Quadrivalent (Types 6, 11, 16, and 18) Recombinant Vaccine
Authors: Tsau Kristy , Reutzel Thomas J. , Wang Sheila , Quiñones Ana , Nguyen Patrick , Hasan Shehrbano , Workman Gloria
Published: December 2010

The objective of this research was to assess the knowledge levels and attitudes of all students enrolled in 1 biomedical university regarding the human papillomavirus quadrivalent (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) recombinant vaccine (Gardasil-Merck; the HPV vaccine). A survey of students from all 7 programs at the University was conducted in January 2009. A total of 1120 useable questionnaires were obtained. These programs included pharmacy, osteopathic medicine, physician assistant, physical therapy, occupational therapy, doctor of psychology, and master of biomedical sciences. Mean percentage correct on the HPV vaccine knowledge test was 73. Subjects scored highest on the question that asks whether the vaccine helps prevent cervical cancer (97% correct) and lowest on the one asking whether it helps prevent genital warts (41% correct). Eighty-eight percent thought that patients 18 years and older should be able to receive the HPV vaccine without parental consent. Only about 5% think that the vaccine would cause patients to become sexually active, or that it would cause patients to have unprotected sex. The results suggest that these students have reasonable but limited knowledge of the vaccine. Their positive attitudes suggest that they will likely recommend or provide the vaccine to their patients.
The Involvement of Users and Carers in Health and Social Research: The Realities of Inclusion and Engagement
Authors: Read Sue , Maslin-Prothero Sian
Published: December 2010

In this article we explore the challenges to researchers intending to involve vulnerable populations in health and social care research, and provide evidence-based recommendations to support the proactive inclusion of these populations in the research process. We provide a rationale for the study, followed by the introduction and descriptions of our research experiences (presented as two case studies) to provide a contextual backcloth for the discussion.We highlight the inherent challenges in empowering vulnerable populations in research, based on the combination of our own and other people’s experiences. Collectively, these illustrate and underpin practice issues, relate theory to practice in a meaningful way, and facilitate the recognition of the realities in future development in this important area of involving users and carers. We conclude by providing recommendations for future practice and research development from a wider, international perspective.
Evaluation of an Intervention Program to Increase Immunization Compliance Among School Children
Authors: Luthy Karlen E. , Thorpe Aubrey , Dymock Leah Clark , Connely Samantha
Published: December 2010

State immunization laws necessitate compliance for students enrolling in a public or private school system. In support of state laws, school nurses expend hours to achieve immunization compliance with school-age children. For the purpose of creating a more efficient system, researchers implemented an educational and incentive program in local elementary schools to increase tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) booster compliance rates. Students were instructed in regard to their immune systems, immunizations, and where to obtain immunizations. In addition, compliant students were entered into a drawing for an iPod Shuffle or a RipStick. In 2009, the compliance rate expanded from 4% to 57% during a 4-week intervention program. Notably, the Tdap immunization compliance rate in the previous year (2008) was 54%. Researchers concluded that the intervention did not improve compliance rates significantly.
Contact Sexual Offending by Men With Online Sexual Offenses
Authors: Seto Michael C. , Karl Hanson R. , Babchishin Kelly M.
Published: December 2010

There is much concern about the likelihood that online sexual offenders (particularly online child pornography offenders) have either committed or will commit offline sexual offenses involving contact with a victim. This study addresses this question in two meta-analyses: the first examined the contact sexual offense histories of online offenders, whereas the second examined the recidivism rates from follow-up studies of online offenders. The first meta-analysis found that approximately 1 in 8 online offenders (12%) have an officially known contact sexual offense history at the time of their index offense ( k = 21, N = 4,464). Approximately one in two (55%) online offenders admitted to a contact sexual offense in the six studies that had self-report data ( N = 523). The second meta-analysis revealed that 4.6% of online offenders committed a new sexual offense of some kind during a 1.5- to 6-year follow-up ( k = 9, N = 2,630); 2.0% committed a contact sexual offense and 3.4% committed a new child pornography offense. The results of these two quantitative reviews suggest that there may be a distinct subgroup of online-only offenders who pose relatively low risk of committing contact sexual offenses in the future.
Sex Differences in the Manifestation of ADHD in Emerging Adults
Authors: Fedele David A. , Lefler Elizabeth K. , Hartung Cynthia M. , Canu Will H.
Published: December 2010

Objective: Given the mixed literature in the area, the aim of the current study was to determine whether sex differences exist in inattention, hyperactivity, and impairment in college adults with ADHD. Method: Individuals from three universities were recruited for the study. Participants with ( n = 164) and without ADHD ( n = 710) completed on-line measures of symptoms and impairment. Results: College women with ADHD were shown to have higher rates of inattention, hyperactivity, and impairment than college women without ADHD and college men with ADHD. Analyses revealed that women in college who have ADHD experience higher levels of impairment in the following domains: home life, social life, education, money management, and daily life activities. Conclusion: Overall, clear differences emerged between men and women with ADHD. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Comorbidity of Migraine With ADHD
Authors: Fasmer Ole Bernt , Riise Trond , Lund Anders , Dilsaver Steven C. , Hundal Øivind , Oedegaard Ketil J.
Published: December 2010

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate how often drugs used to treat migraine and ADHD are prescribed to the same patients to assess, indirectly, the comorbidity of these disorders. Method: We used data from the Norwegian prescription database for 2006, including the total Norwegian population ( N = 4,640,219). Results: Antimigraine drugs were prescribed to 81,225 persons (1.75% of the total population), anti-ADHD drugs to 18,481 persons (0.40%), and 284 persons were prescribed both types of drugs. There was a positive and significant association between prescription of antimigraine and anti-ADHD drugs for all age groups between 20 and 50 for both genders, with odds ratios ranging from 1.76 to 2.81. Conclusion: The prescription patterns for these drugs in adult patients indicate a comorbidity between migraine and ADHD.
Clinically Relevant Changes in Emotional Expression in Children With ADHD Treated With Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate
Authors: Katic Alain , Ginsberg Lawrence , Jain Rakesh , Adeyi Ben , Dirks Bryan , Babcock Thomas , Scheckner Brian , Richards Cynthia , Lasser Robert , Turgay Atilla , Findling Robert L.
Published: December 2010

Objective: To describe clinically relevant effects of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) on emotional expression (EE) in children with ADHD. Method: Children with ADHD participated in a 7-week, open-label, LDX dose-optimization study. Expression and Emotion Scale for Children (EESC) change scores were analyzed post hoc using two methods to determine proportion of participants with different categories of clinical response based on (a) clinically significant (movement >2 SD from baseline mean)/reliable change (not due to measurement error) and (b) standard error of measurement (SEM) as a measure of clinically meaningful change. Results: With LDX, no participants showed clinically significant/reliable improvement; 0.7% showed clinically significant/reliable deterioration of EE by reliable change index and movement from baseline mean. One third of participants had improved EE by SEM criteria; 9.2% had categorical worsening. Conclusion: Using clinically meaningful change and clinically significant/reliable change categories derived from the EESC, most participants had no worsening of EE with LDX.
Symptoms of ADHD and Close Friendships in Adolescence
Authors: Glass Kerrie , Flory Kate , Hankin Benjamin L.
Published: December 2010

Objective: This study examined the relationship of ADHD symptoms to different aspects of close friendship quality as rated by both adolescents (target adolescent and a close friend) within a friendship dyad. Method: Participants were 41 same-sex friendship dyads who completed questionnaires about their friendship. Separate symptom dimensions of ADHD (inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity) were examined. Teacher and parent ratings of social functioning were also used. Results: Symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and overall ADHD were positively related to target-reported friendship quality, and symptoms of inattention and total ADHD were positively associated with friend-reported friendship quality. Potential explanations for these surprising findings were explored. Conclusion: Results suggest that the close friendships of adolescents with symptoms of ADHD may be distinct from the peer rejection commonly faced by this population and that adolescents with symptoms of ADHD may have at least one close, positive friendship. Treatment implications and future research directions are discussed.
Do traditional risk factors predict whether men who have sex with men engage in unprotected anal intercourse? The need for locally based research to guide interventions
Authors: Berg Rigmor C. , Grimes Richard
Published: December 2010

A great deal of research effort has been expended in an effort to identify the variables which most influence men who have sex with men’s (MSM) unsafe sexual behaviors.While a set of predictor variables has emerged, these predict the unsafe behaviors of MSM in some locations but not in others, suggesting the need to investigate the predictive ability of these variables among MSM in previously understudied populations. Therefore, this study examined the ability of previously identified factors to predict unsafe sexual behaviors among MSM in Houston, Texas. Data were collected through a short self-report survey completed by MSM attending the Houston pride festival. The multiethnic participants ( N = 109) represented a range of age, educational, and income backgrounds. Fifty-seven percent of the survey respondents had been drunk and/or high in sexual contexts, 19 percent evidenced alcohol dependency, 26 percent reported finding sex partners online and sex with serodiscordant or unknown serostatus partners was common. Compared to men who did not report unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) in the preceding two months, MSM who engaged in UAI were younger and more likely to use alcohol in sexual contexts, meet men online for offline sex, and perceive lower safer sex norms in their community. Although these results were statistically significant, the strength of the relationships was too small to have any practical value. The lack of useful explanatory power underscores the importance of accelerated HIV research that identifies the unique, local factors associated with unsafe sex in other previously understudied populations.
Repertoires of ADHD in UK newspaper media
Authors: Horton-Salway Mary
Published: December 2010

This article takes a discursive approach to examine how Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder has been represented and debated in UK newspapers in the last decade. Two repertoires of ADHD were identified as the biological and the psychosocial. Subject positions such as problem child, abnormal or ordinary naughty child and ineffectual or neglectful parents are embedded in these alternative versions of ADHD. The biological repertoire justifies and encourages drug treatment for problem children while the psychosocial repertoire makes available the subject position of ordinary naughty child and supports moral judgements about poor parenting practices in a ‘sick society’. Such representations have challenged the media medicalization of ADHD common in a previous decade. Although the biological and the psychosocial repertoires are competing explanations for ADHD, they both perform a common function in representing families as in need of regulation.
The Spatial Analysis of Non-Ceramic Refuse from the Neolithic Site at Bylany, Czech Republic
Authors: Květina Petr
Published: December 2010

This article aims to provide an interpretation of the structure and spatial patterning of the non-ceramic refuse from the Neolithic site of Bylany. The data are considered at three levels: tackling questions of refuse management and deposition in the vicinity of houses; the spatial distribution of refuse within the settlement area as a whole; and the quantity and structure of non-ceramic refuse from a long-term settlement perspective. The analysed assemblage of non-ceramic finds is divided into five categories: chipped stone, polished stone, whetstones, manos/metates, and other stones without use-wear traces. The analysis is based on GIS and multivariate statistics. The spatial distribution and quantity of refuse are analysed with respect to space (in terms of proximity to Neolithic houses and the whole of the excavated settlement area) and time (the duration of settlement in six chronological stages). No deliberate pattern of refuse management was identified in the vicinity of the houses, but the refuse was found to have a tendency towards peripheral grouping within the settled area as a whole. Refuse quantity depends on the number of houses and settlement duration. The negative correlation between the mean density of non-ceramic artefacts per house and the number of houses in corresponding chronological stages may be explained by the interpretation that refuse was commonly deposited within abandoned houses, which would be consistent with ethnoarchaeological observations.
War Crime or Élite Burial: Interpretations of Human Skeletons Within the Late La Tène Settlement Basel-Gasfabrik, Basel, Switzerland
Authors: Hüglin Sophie , Spichtig Norbert
Published: December 2010

The case study presents completely different interpretations of the same archaeological evidence. Reasons for that are not only the state of knowledge and the possibilities of research, but also the impact of changes in the socio-political climate and varying theoretical traditions. The examples are taken from the Late La Tène settlement Basel-Gasfabrik, which has been excavated for almost 100 years. The study focuses on a number of more or less complete human skeletons from sunken features inside the settlement. This phenomenon prompted the archaeologists to find explanations for this apparent exception to the ancient rule of burying the dead outside the settlements. The interpretations of this ‘abnormal' burial practice range from victims of war to burials of the members of the élite. The discussion continues on the basis of the synopsis of all verifiable options of dealing with the dead and includes evidence from similar sites elsewhere.