bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of argument-driven inquiry (ADI) learning model on students' creative thinking skill: Environmental pollution
Authors: Afifa Inas Nuha , Hasnunidah Neni , Maulina Dina
Published: April 2021

ADI learning model supports syntax of learning process through investigative activities of environmental pollution problems and their impact on the ecosystem. The model implements practicum to challenge students' creativity in presenting the results of practicum through students' arguments. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of ADI learning model and evaluate the students' creative thinking skills. This was a quasi-experiment study with a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. Sample was taken with cluster random sampling technique, 42 students were divided into 2 classes in 7th junior high school at Global Madani School, Bandar Lampung. Results were analyzed using covariance analysis and the effect size was measured by the partial eta-squared value. Aspects of creative thinking skills that were measured: fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration, and metaphorical thinking. The result shows application of ADI learning model had significant effect in improving students' creative thinking skills with a significance value of 0.013 (sig.<0.05). The effect of implementing the ADI learning model had high effectiveness in improving the students' creative thinking skills with partial eta squared value of 0.147 which was categorized as large (sig ≥ 0.14). Therefore, ADI learning model has an effect on improving students 'creative thinking and had an impact on high effectiveness in improving students' creative thinking. Finally, the learning model is recommended for Biology teachers to increase students' creative thinking skills effectively.
Protocols for assessing the distribution of pathogens in individual Hymenopteran pollinators
Authors: de Miranda Joachim R , Meeus Ivan , Yañez Orlando , Piot Niels , Jara Laura , Onorati Piero , Rúa Pilar De la , Nielsen Anders , Tlak-Gajger Ivana , Özgör Erkay , Dalmon Anne , Gajda Anna , Neumann Peter , Smagghe Guy , Paxton Robert J
Published: April 2021

This protocol was developed for the COST-Action “Super-B”, whose purpose was to coordinate research, outreach and policy towards sustainable pollination1-3. The protocol addresses the detection of parasites and pathogens across bee species, as one of several possible drivers of bee decline4,5. It consists of four major components:1. A sample collecting protocol, based around a dominant bee species driving pathogen distribution among other bee species2. A sample processing protocol, based on analyzing nucleic acids from individual bees3. A pathogen detection protocol, based on RT-qPCR with broad-range primers for several common pathogens4. A barcoding protocol, for accurate bee species identification The protocols have largely been adapted from existing knowledge and protocols but also include two key innovations: the use of passive reference nucleic acids and synthetic positive controls, that significantly improve the quality and robustness of the raw data, and thus the reliability of the analyses and conclusions.
A Sociological study of Teachers’ Views on the Applications of ICT and Prerequisites for Realizing it in Classrooms in Tehran
Authors: Larijani Mahsa , Abedi Maliheh
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Nowadays virtual education and the use of technology have been incorporated into the process of educating students and are used in most countries of the world. The present study aims to investigate teachers’ views on the capabilities and weaknesses of ICT and study its prerequisites based on teachers’ narrations.Method: To achieve this aim, qualitative deep interviews were conducted with 20 teachers with at least 5 years of experiences in teaching and using ICT. In order to conduct this research, six different high schools in Tehran were selected.Findings: The results of this study indicate that the use of ICT is a unique experience reported by teachers and for its realization, prerequisites such as providing finance for creating smart schools, equipping schools, providing incentives for teachers, technology into schools (or classifications of the ICT by teachers) includes three parts, namely, resistance and refusal to use, adaptation, and innovation. In the present research, teachers have described the negative and positive aspects of the application of ICT in teaching.Conclusion: The finding of this study showed that to facilitate teachers’ use of ICT, teaching subjects, enhancing ICT application knowledge, and changing teachers’ attitudes are essential. And by accepting ICT, it also facilitates the ICT- based education process.
Pattern formation in a reaction-diffusion rumor propagation system with Allee effect and time delay
Authors: Zhu Linhe , He Le
Published: April 2021

This paper analyzes the diffusion behavior of the suspicious and the infected cabins in cyberspace by establishing a rumor propagation reaction diffusion model with Allee effect and time delay. The Turing instability conditions of the system under various conditions are emphatically studied. After considering the delay effect of rumor propagation systems, we have studied the correlation between the stability of the system under the influence of small time delay and the homogeneous system near the equilibrium point, and the critical condition of the delay-induced spatial instability is given. Further considering the possibility of diffusion coefficient changing with time, the critical parameter curves of stability and instability of approximate systems are given by means of Floquet theory, and the necessary conditions of Turing-instability of periodic coefficient are studied. In the numerical simulations, we find that the variation of diffusion coefficient will change the pattern type, and the periodical diffusion behavior will affect the arrangement of the crowd gathering area in the pattern.
Optimum Performance-Based Design Of Unsymmetrical 2D Steel Moment Frame
Authors: Samani Arezoo Asaad , Vaez Seyed Rohollah Hoseini , Fathali Mohammad Ali
Published: April 2021

The most commonly used analysis method in performance-based design (PBD) is the nonlinear static analysis (NSA). In unsymmetrical 2D frames, unlike its symmetrical state, NSA should be performed in two lateral loading directions, which complicates the process of achieving a feasible optimal design in addition to increasing the volume of calculations. In this study, a two-step approach is proposed for the design of unsymmetrical 2D steel moment-resisting frames (SMRF). In this approach, in two independent steps, the structure is analyzed with lateral loading pattern based on the first mode shape in positive and negative direction, respectively. The implementation of the second step is conditional on the satisfactory completion of the first step. The objective function takes into account the differences between successful and unsuccessful steps. The constraints considered are based on the acceptance criteria for SMRFs according to FEMA-356 at each performance level. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been investigated by employing four meta-heuristic optimization algorithms to determine the optimum design for case studies of SMRF structures having three and nine stories.
Comparison of corneal optical quality after SMILE, wavefront-optimized LASIK and topography-guided LASIK for myopia and myopic astigmatism
Authors: Zhang Yu , Sun Xiaoxiao , Chen Yueguo
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To compare visual outcomes and corneal optical quality after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) , wavefront-optimized (WFO) FS-LASIK and topography-guided customized ablation treat­ment (TCAT) FS-LASIK for myopia. Methods: This prospective study included 283 eyes of 283 myopic patients who underwent SMILE or FS-LASIK according to the patient's wishes. FS-LASIK patients were randomly assigned to use WFO or TCAT ablation. There were 102 eyes, 100 eyes and 81eyes in the SMILE group, WFO group and TCAT group, respectively. The combined corneal topographer and tomographer system (Sirius) was used to measure corneal aberrations and optical quality. Visual outcomes and corneal aberrations were compared among the three groups.Results: At postoperative 1 and 6 months, there were no significant differences in uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) among the three groups (P > .05). Postoperative manifest refractive spherical equivalent was similar among the groups (P > .05). There was statisti­cally significant difference in cylinder at 1 month among the three groups, with the highest mean value in TCAT group (P < .05). The corneal optical path difference (OPD), root mean square of corneal astigmatism and strehl ratio (SR) were the most superior in the TCAT group at postoperative 1 and 6 months (P < .05).Conclusion: SMILE, WFO FS-LASIK and TCAT FS-LASIK provided similar visual results. TCAT FS-LASIK could induce fewer corneal OPD and astigmatism, and higher SR than the others. However, a better algorithm for TCAT FS-LASIK is needed to decrease postoperative residual astigmatism.
Bridging Epidemiology and System Dynamics Modeling to Better Understand HCV Risk Among Young People Who Inject Drugs.
Authors: Mateu-Gelabert Pedro , Sabounchi Nasim , Guarino Honoria , Ciervo Courtney , Joseph Kellie , Eckhardt Benjamin , Fong Chunki , Huang Terry T.K.
Published: April 2021

Background Injection drug use is the leading risk factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission in the US. Despite the knowledge of the risk factors for HCV among people who inject drugs (PWID), there is a need to better understand how these multiple factors interact and impact young PWID.MethodsData originated from a study of 539 New York City (NYC) residents ages 18-29 recruited via Respondent-Driven Sampling, who reported past-month nonmedical use of prescription opioids and/or heroin. Analyses are based on a subsample of 337 (62%) who reported injecting any drug 12 months prior to the interview. All variables were assessed via self-report, except HCV status, which was established via rapid antibody testing. Building on the statistical associations found we developed a qualitative system dynamics (SD) model to integrate into a single framework key risk and preventive factors for HCV.ResultsHCV antibody prevalence is 31% with an overall incidence of 10 per 100 person-years. HCV status was independently correlated with sharing cookers with two or more people (AOR=2.17); injecting drugs 4-6 years (AOR=2.49) and 7 or more (AOR=4.95); lifetime homelessness (AOR=2.52); and being incarcerated two or more times (AOR=1.99). The SD model facilitates identifying non-linearities and feedback loop structures not included in the statistical model and high leverage points such as harm reduction and HCV treatment that could ameliorate the spread of HCV.ConclusionsThe results may indicate an overall positive impact of harm reduction efforts in reducing HCV prevalence among young PWID in NYC while injection risks and structural factors remain areas of key concern. An SD approach contributes to a better understanding of how these risk factors interact and what policies could be effective in reducing HCV infections.
Gross Motor Function In Children With Congenital Zika Syndrome From Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Carla Trevisan Martins , Hamanaka Tatiana , Pone Sheila , Aibe Mitsue Senra , Gomes Saint Clair , Nielsen-Saines Karin , Brickley Elizabeth B. , Moreira Maria Elisabeth , Pone Marcos
Published: April 2021

AIM: To assess gross motor function in children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS).METHOD: This was a cross-sectional investigation nested within a prospective cohort study of children with CZS (NCT03255369) based in a Brazilian referral hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Between March/17 and February/18, we performed gross motor function assessments using the Gross Motor Function Classification (GMFCS) and the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), estimated the mean and standard deviation of GMFM scores among GMFCS groups.RESULTS: The study sample included 72 children, with a median age of 13 months (7–25). Of these, 63 (87.5%) had severe motor impairment (GMFCS IV and V), 3 (4%) had moderate impairment (GMFCS III), and 6 (8%) had mild impairment (GMFCS I and II). The mean GMFM score for each group was respectively 11.6, 26.1 and 81.6, with statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). Severely affected children only achieved head control in the sitting posture when supported. Children with ￼milder forms were able to develop walking skills.INTERPRETATION: Most children with CZS have major motor disabilities and a poor prognosis. Better understanding of limitations and functionality in children with CZS can serve as a prognostic guide in their management.
The Efficiency of CO2 Market in the Phase III EU ETS: Analyzing in the Context of a Dynamic Approach
Authors: Ghazani Majid Mirzaee , Jafari Mohammad Ali
Published: April 2021

This study has investigated the changing efficiency for the phase III EU ETS CO2 market using the daily historical data of allowance futures prices and coverage from August 2015 to June 2019. To achieve this goal, we have applied two alternative tests for checking dependency by linear and nonlinear methods, which include Generalized Spectral (GS) and Automatic Portmanteau (AQ). Also, we had a comprehensive look at the carbon market evolution and the EU ETS scheme development over time. The analysis of observed results validates the Adaptive Market Hypothesis (AMH) in the market, which corresponds with the oscillatory behavior of the applied test statistics' p-values. The other aspect of the study was to analyze the existence of evolutionary behavior on the market. To reach this purpose, we checked the results by applying a rolling window technique with four different time windows (50, 100, 150, and 250 days) on the test statistics in harmony with the adaptive market hypothesis. The obtained results show that overall, market efficiency has been improved by moving toward implementing the higher window lengths.
Overexpression of a novel microRNA IamiR-4-3p from water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) increased Cd toxicity and accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Shen Chuang , Huang Ying-Ying , Xin Jun-Liang , He Chun-Tao , Yang Zhongyi
Published: April 2021

The function of IamiR-4-3p was investigated by using wild type (WT), transfected with empty vector pCambia1302 (CK) and IamiR-4-3p transgenic Arabidopsis in this study. The expression level of GST3 was reduced by 20% in the transgenic Arabidopsis (p35S::miR-4-3p Arabidopsis) when compared to WT, and both of its shoot and root were shorter than WT and CK. After 3 d Cd treatment, root Cd concentrations of p35S::miR-4-3p Arabidopsis was significantly higher than WT and CK, while no significant difference was found in shoot Cd concentrations. MDA and H2O2 concentrations were positively correlated with the Cd concentrations in Arabidopsis. Interestingly, even though there was no significant difference among the shoot Cd concentrations, shoot MDA and H2O2 of p35S::miR-4-3p Arabidopsis were higher than those of WT and CK, and shoot T-AOC exhibited a opposite trend. These results are clearly related to the lowered expression of GST3 by the overexpression of miR-4-3p in p35S::miR-4-3p Arabidopsis. It is suggested that the function of IamiR-4-3p is able to diminish the expression level of GST3, and is responsible to the growth dwarf, higher Cd uptake and oxidative damage but not the Cd translocation from root to shoot in Arabidopsis.
Inflammasome Regulation at the Level of Cellular and Molecular Function affect by Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Exosomes Treatment in Ischemic Stroke Animal Model
Authors: Safakhil Mohsen , Ramezani Mina , Mohamadgholi Azadeh
Published: April 2021

In the current research, neuroprotection and performance improvement have been investigated in MCAO animal model treated with exosomes combined with rt-PA. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced in 25 adult male Wistar rats. Rats received rt-PA with a dose of 100 µg/kg in a single dose or drived-exosome from bone marrow MSCs. The Garcia scoring system and elevated body test were employed as behavioral tests for the functional recovery assessment. Cresyl violet staining was applied to evaluate the cell death degree in brain tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed for the detection of GFAP and IBA1-positive cells. Results Cresyl violet staining revealed that the population of dark cells was significantly reduced in all treatment groups. A considerable increase (P ≤ 0.05) in catalase enzyme was observed in the combination therapy group compared whit the MCAO group (P ≤ 0.05). The amount of GPX despite the increase in all treatment groups compared to MCAO group was not statistically significant (P ≥ 0.05). Our conclusion was approved by the Nlrp1 and Nlrp3 downregulation during combination therapy in MCAO model by reduction in cell death rate. The Density of GFAP-positive cells Showed a decrease in the exosome with or without rt-PA experimental groups in comparison with the MCAO group (P < 0.05). Our observation indicated that exosomes, in combination with rt-PA, resulted in the noticeable functional recovery, neuronal regeneration, and reduction of neuronal cell death after a 7-day period of the MCAO induction. This novel therapeutic strategy could provide a better treatment option for those patients suffered from stroke.
Novel Functionalized Cellulose Derivatives Fabricated with Cu Nanoparticle: Synthesis, Characterization and Degradation of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Lughmani Faiza , Nazir Farzana , Khan Shahid Ali , Iqbal Mudassir
Published: April 2021

In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was modified to oxidized cellulose (OC), 6-deoxycellulose hydrazide and 6-deoxycellulose(N,N-diethyl)amine (MCC-Hyd and MCC-DEM) derivatives and employed as supporting material for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles (NPs). Copper ions from aqueous solution were adsorbed and then reduced to zero valent copper (ZVC) NPs using sodium borohydride on films of prepared derivatives. The characterization of prepared derivatives and Cu NPs embedded films was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Ultraviolet/Visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy was performed for the degradation studies of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and various azo dyes viz. Congo Red (CR), Methylene Blue (MB), and Methyl orange (MO). Results revealed that all the films showed degradation only in the presence of ZVC NPs. Oxidized cellulose, MCC-Hyd and MCC-DEM showed excellent degradation efficiencies (> 85%) in all the cases. Our findings revealed that MCC derivatives could be efficient and renewable candidates for removal of water pollutants in future.
Short-Lived Species Move Uphill Faster Under Climate Change
Authors: Couet Joséphine , Marjakangas Emma-Liina , Santangeli Andrea , Kålås John Atle , Lindström Åke , Lehikoinen Aleksi
Published: April 2021

Climate change is pushing species ranges towards poles and mountain tops. Although many studies have documented local altitudinal shifts, knowledge of general patterns at a large spatial scale, such as a whole mountain range, is very limited. From a conservation perspective, studying altitudinal shifts is particularly important as mountain regions often represent biodiversity hotspots and are among the most vulnerable ecosystems. Here, we examine whether altitudinal shifts have occurred among birds in the Scandinavian mountains over 13 years and assess whether such shifts are related to species’ traits. Using abundance data, we show a clear pattern of uphill shifts in the mean altitudes of the bird species’ abundances across the Scandinavian mountains, with an average speed of 0.9 m per year. Out of 77 species, 54 shifted their ranges uphill. In general, the range shift was faster when the altitudinal range within the area was wider. Importantly, the altitudinal shift was strongly related to species’ longevity: short-lived species showed more pronounced altitudinal uphill shifts than long-lived species. Our results show that the altitudinal range shifts are not only driven by a small number of individuals at the range boundaries, but the overall bird abundances are on the move. This highlights the wide-ranging impact of climate change and the potential vulnerability of species with slow life-histories, as they appear unable to timely respond to rapidly changing climatic conditions.
Explainable Machine Learning Prediction for Mortality of COVID-19 in the Colombian Population
Authors: Morales Gabriel Ricardo Vásquez , Monterrubio Sergio Mauricio Martínez , García Juan Antonio Recio , Ger Pablo Moreno
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in late 2019, has become a global public health problem, resulting in large numbers of people infected and dead. One of the greatest challenges in dealing with the disease is to identify those people who are most at risk of becoming infected, seriously ill and dying from the virus, so that they can be isolated in a targeted manner and thus reduce mortality rates. This article proposes the use of machine learning, and specifically of neural networks and random forest to build two complementary models that identify the probability that a person has of dying because of COVID-19. The models are trained with the demographic information and medical history of two population groups: on the one hand, 43,000 people who died from COVID-19 in Colombia during 2020, and on the other hand, a random sample of 43,000 people who became ill with COVID-19 during the same period of time, but later recovered. After training the neural network classification model, evaluation metrics were applied that yielded an 88% accuracy value. However, transparency is a major requirement for the explicability of COVID-19 prognosis. Therefore, a complementary random forest model is trained that allows the identification of the most significant predictors of mortality by COVID-19.
Straw Checkerboard Barriers Improve Soil Characteristic and Growth Performance of Winter Cover Crops and Protect Sloping Land
Authors: Dehkordi Elahe Ahmadpoor , Surki Ali Abbasi , Pajouhesh Mehdi , Tahmasebi Pejman
Published: April 2021

Aims Straw checkerboard barrier technology, as a sustainable and environment-friendly method, is intended for erosion control, plant recovery at endangered areas. Finding how soil chemical properties and water status alters and how pilot cover plants respond are vital for extra management actions. Methods In order to study soil characteristic and growth performance of winter cover crops, an experiment was carried out in 2018. Checkerboards were setup in a 1×1 m pattern with rice residues. Seeds of Onobrychis sativa, Secale montanum and Agropyron sp were sown at the checkerboards and bare ground as the control. Detailed analyses were carried out on the physiological responses and the related soil properties during the growing season in borders and centers of the straw checkerboards and bare ground. Results Soil covered with straw checkerboard barriers was more effective for improving vegetation growth, established taller plants with higher biomass. Based on the physiological analyses, the rye grown in a straw checkerboard coped well with dry conditions. Higher proline content and more efficient osmotic adjustment indicate improvements of soil water retention status, which may alleviate drought stress damages and improve cover crop performance in straw checkerboard plots. Photosynthetic pigments also showed higher contents in these conditions for rye. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium and water storage increased in checkerboards too; however, such effects vary with the crop type. Conclusions This technique could be deemed as an effective management strategy in semi-arid areas and an important method for conserving natural resources and sustaining productivity.
Low-Carbon Alcohol Fuels for Decarbonizing the Road Transportation Industry: A Bibliometric Analysis 2000-2021
Authors: Jin Chao , Ampah Jeffrey Dankwa , Afrane Sandylove , Yin Zenghui , Liu Xin , Sun Tianyun , Geng Zhenlong , Ikram Mubasher , Liu Haifeng
Published: April 2021

Environmental pollution and depletion of resources from the combustion of fossil fuels have necessitated the need for biofuels in recent years. Oxygenated fuels such as low carbon alcohols have received significant attention from the scientific community in the last two decades as a strategy to decarbonize the transport sector. However, a documentation of the progress, paradigm, and trend of this research area on a global scale is currently limited. In the current study, the bibliometric analysis is adopted to analyze the global transition of automotive fuels from conventional oils to low carbon alcohols in the 21st century. A dataset of 2250 publications was extracted from the Web of Science Core database and analyzed with CiteSpace, Biblioshiny, and Bibexcel. Interest in methanol and ethanol combustion research as transportation fuels is increasing, with a 70% estimated growth by the end of the next decade compared to current levels. China, India, and USA have been the major players in the research field, with Tianjin University being the most influential institution. Research has primarily centered on the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of ethanol fuel. Alternative fuels to compete actively with low carbon fuel in the near foreseeable future are green hydrogen and biodiesel. Advanced combustion technologies and artificial intelligence are sure to increase in this research area in the coming decades.
Augmentation of Freshwater Productivity in a Single Slope Solar Still Using Ball Marbles
Authors: Suraparaju Subbarama Kousik , Ramasamy Dhivagar , NATARAJAN SENDHIL KUMAR
Published: April 2021

In the current research, the energy and economic performance in single slope solar still using ball marbles (BMSS) has been investigated and compared the results with conventional solar still (CSS) under the similar weather conditions of Karaikal (10.92°N,79.83°E), India during October 2020. The experiments have been conducted on both sunny and cloudy day to evaluate the performance of solar still. The BMSS has increased the evaporation rate and productivity when compared to CSS due to the sensible heat energy stored by the ball marbles in the absorber basin. The potable water yield of the BMSS is improved by 21.23% and 22.86%, respectively during sunny and cloudy days. The maximum cumulative productivity obtained in the BMSS is 2950 ml/m2. day and 2150 ml/m2. day respectively on sunny and cloudy days. In economic analysis, the payback period (PBP) of the BMSS is 5.7 months whereas the PBP of the CSS is 6.5 months respectively. Furthermore, the cost per litre (CPL) potable water produced by BMSS is 8% lower than the CPL of CSS.
The burden of anemia in pregnancy among women attending antenatal clinic in Mkuranga district, Tanzania
Authors: Ngimbudzi Evelyine B , Massawe Siriel Nanzia , Sunguya Bruno F
Published: April 2021

Background: The burden of anemia in pregnancy is of global health importance. Tanzania is no exception. It varies from one region to another owing to the differences in causes, but overall causing a significant burden of maternal mortality. This study sought to assess the prevalence and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) at Mkuranga district in Pwani region of TanzaniaMethods: This cross-sectional study design was conducted among 418 pregnant women aged 15-49 years attending the Mkuranga district hospital and Kilimahewa health centre. The outcome variable of interest was anemia in pregnancy defined as haemoglobin concentration of 13g/dl. Data was collected using face to face interviews with a standardized pretested questionnaire, and through blood samples collected for haemoglobin testing. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the prevalence of anemia while multiple logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with anemia in pregnancy. Results: Anemia was prevalent among 83.5% of pregnant women attending the two major antenatal clinics in Mkuranga district were anemic. Of them, 29% presented with mild anemia, while 62% had moderate anemia, and 0.09% succumbed to severe anemia. Factors associated with anemia included being in the third trimester [AOR=2.87, p=0.026]; not consuming vegetables (AOR=2.62, p=0.008), meat (AOR=2.71, p=0.003), eggs (AOR=2.98, p=0.002), and fish (AOR=2.38, p=0.005). Conclusion: More than eight in ten pregnant women attending ANC in Mkuranga districts were anemic. Such unprecedented burden of anemia is associated with a number of factors including feeding practices such as not consuming iron-rich foods like vegetables, meat, eggs, and fish. Women in their third trimester were also more likely to suffer from anemia. This unprecedented burden of anemia in pregnancy can be addressed if efforts to improve feeding practices and early monitoring at the antenatal clinics are sustained.
Multi-channel NIR/SWIR Lanthanide Nanoprobe for Forensic Gender Identification of Fingerprints
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Wei Zheng , Zhu Xingjun , Li Luoyuan , Ma Liyi , Zhou Jing
Published: April 2021

Fingerprints play vital roles in modern forensic investigations by providing essential personal information. To maximize the efficiency of forensic investigations, highly efficacious protocols are urgently needed for fingerprint capture and information extraction. Herein, a novel L-amino acids (L-AA)-responsive nanoprobe was rationally designed and constructed with orthogonal near-infrared (NIR) and short wave infrared (SWIR) emissions. Due to the difference in L-AA content in fingerprints between males and females, effective gender identification is also practicable by analysing the NIR/SWIR luminescence ratio. More importantly, by utilizing adhesive L-AA on latent fingerprints as a target, simultaneous washing-free NIR/SWIR ratiometric luminescence imaging and forensic gender identification of latent fingerprints are achieved with not only high spatial resolution but advanced precision. Our findings provide a new strategy for the development of a new generation of nanoprobes for simple washing-free fingerprint imaging and valid forensic gender identification.
Antibody response to BTN162b2 mRNA vaccination in naïve versus SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects with and without waning immunity
Authors: Carbonare Luca Dalle , Valenti Maria Teresa , Bisoffi Zeno , Piubelli Chiara , Pizzato Massimo , Accordini Silvia , Mariotto Sara , Ferrari Sergio , Minoia Arianna , Bertacco Jessica , Vigni Veronica Li , Dorelli Gianluigi , Crisafulli Ernesto , Alberti Daniela , Masin Laura , Longoni Silvia , Lopalco Lucia , Beretta Alberto , Tiberti Natalia , Zipeto Donato
Published: April 2021

We profiled antibody responses in a cohort of recipients of the BTN162b2 mRNA vaccine who were either immunologically naïve (n=50) or had been previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 (n=51). Of the previously infected, 25 and 26 were infected during the first and second pandemic waves in Italy, respectively; the majority of those from the first wave had corresponding waning immunity with low to undetectable levels of anti-S antibodies and low anti-N antibodies. We observed in recipients who had been previously infected that spike-specific IgG and pseudovirus neutralization titers were rapidly recalled by a single vaccine dose to higher levels than those in naïve recipients after the second vaccine dose, irrespective of waning immunity. In all recipients, a single vaccine dose was sufficient to induce a potent IgA response that was not associated with serum neutralization titers.
The Prognostic Significance of the Alterations of Cardiovascular Hemodynamics in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Meta-regression Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Sung Shih-Hsien , Yeh Wan-Yu , Chiang Chern-En , Huang Chi-Jung , Huang Wei-Ming , Chen Chen-Huan , Cheng Hao-min
Published: April 2021

Background: Hemodynamic assessment in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is essential for risk stratification and pharmacological management. However, the prognostic value of the hemodynamic changes after treatment is less well established. Objectives: We investigated the prognostic impacts of the changes in hemodynamic indices, including mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), right atrial pressure (RAP) and cardiac output index (CI). We conducted this systematic review with meta-regression analysis on existing clinical trials.Methods:We searched and identified all relevant randomized controlled trials from multiple databases. An analogous R2 index was used to quantify the proportion of variance explained by each predictor in the association with PAH patients’ prognosis. A total of 20 trials and 3,263 individuals were enrolled. Results:The changes in mPAP, PVR, RAP and CI were all significantly associated with the change in 6MWD (∆6MWD). The change in mPAP was with the highest explanatory power for ∆6MWD (R2 analog=0.739). Additionally, the changes in mPAP, PVR and CI were independently predictive of adverse clinical events. The change in mPAP had the highest explanatory power for the clinical events (R2 analog =0.911). Furthermore, the change in PVR was with the highest explanatory power for total mortality of PAH patients (R2 analog =0.594). Conclusion:Hemodynamic changes after treatment, including mPAP, PVR, CI and RAP, were significantly associated with adverse clinical events or mortality in treated PAH patients. It is recommended that further studies be conducted to evaluate the changes in hemodynamic indices to guide drug titration.Trial registration number: PROSPERO; No.: CRD42019125157; URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ (Date of registration: 14/03/2019)
The COVID-19 Pandemic Drives People to Orthorexia and Anxiety with the Influence of Social Media: A Cross-Sectional Study of 525 Adults in Semi-Quarantine
Authors: Devrim-Lanpir Asli , Güzeldere Hatice Kübra Barcın , Çintesun Elif Ede
Published: April 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic hit the world tremendously, causing an increased risk of eating and anxiety disorders. Increased social media exposure and obsession with healthy eating to minimize the risk of catching the COVID-19 may cause orthorexia and anxiety symptoms in individuals during pandemic. We aimed to assess the presence and interaction between orthorexia and anxiety symptoms during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also determined the influences of social media and nutritional supplement use on orthorexic and anxiety symptoms.
Methods

We performed an online survey of individuals in COVID-19 quarantine (n = 525) using Google forms. We determined their orthorexia and anxiety symptoms using ORTO-11 and General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire, respectively. We also assessed their nutritional supplement and social media use, and how these patterns were affected during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results

Higher orthorexia (67% in men, 83.2% in women) and anxiety (62.4% in men; 95.4% in women) symptoms were detected in individuals in COVID-19 pandemic. Orthorexia symptoms were found positively associated with anxiety symptoms in both sexes. The time spent on social media to follow the COVID-19, health, and nutrition news were closely associated with higher orthorexic symptoms in both sexes, and higher anxiety symptoms in women (r=-0.638 in men; r=-0.560 in women, p < 0.001). The use of multivitamins and ß-glucan to mainly support immunity were linked to orthorexic symptoms in both sexes.
Discussion

The COVID-19 pandemic has detrimental influences on mental well-being that drove individuals into psychologic problems. Increased social media use to follow healthy eating news has also create an undesirable impact on orthorexic problems. Therefore, it is crucial to detect orthorexia and anxiety symptoms earlier and modulate daily behaviours during the pandemic in order to prevent long-term detrimental consequences.
Time-to-recovery After Cesarean Section Delivery Among Women who Gave birth through Cesarean Section at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, south Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Fikrie Anteneh , Zeleke Rahel , Bekele Henok , Seyoum Wengelawit , Hailu Dejene
Published: April 2021

Background: Despite the progressive increment of caesarean section rates worldwide over the last decades; still the trend has not been accompanied by significant maternal or perinatal benefits. Moreover, information on the quality of the service, as measured by timely recovery, is scarce. This study assessed predictors of time-to-recovery after cesarean section delivery among women who gave birth through cesarean section at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HU-CSH), southern Ethiopia.Methods: Institution based prospective cohort study was conducted on 381 randomly selected women who gave birth by cesarean section in HU-CSH during the follow up period. Pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using Kaplan Meir (KM) curve, Log rank test and Cox-Proportional hazard model. The outputs of the bivariable and multivariable Cox model are presented using Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) with the respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: After a maximum of 19 days of stay, 96.2% [95%CI: 94.04-98.4%] of the women were early recovered. The overall median IQR) time of recovery was 2.00 (2, 3) days. The overall incidence density rate (IDR) of recovery in the cohort was 0.34 per Person-days or 2.38 per person-week. On the other hand the overall mean survival time was 3.07(95%CI: 2.75-3.40) days. Women who had ANC follow-up (AHR=1.49, 95%, CI: 1.05-2.10) and discharge from the wound site (AHR=0.13, 95%, CI: 0.03-0.56) were identified as significant positive and negative predictors of time-to- recovery after CS delivery respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that the rate of early recovery was high and is comparable to the global level figures. However, further improving preoperative maternal status, intraoperative follow up and post-operative care is needed to improve early recovery.
A mixed-methods study to determine the impact of COVID-19 on food security, food access and supply in regional Australia for consumers and food supply stakeholders.
Authors: Godrich Stephanie Louise , Lo Johnny , Kent Katherine , Macau Flavio , Devine Amanda
Published: April 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the Australian food supply through changed consumer purchasing patterns, and potentially, household food security. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the prevalence of food insecurity and food supply issues, and perspectives of food supply stakeholders in regional Australia. Methods: A mixed-methods consumer survey and in-depth interviews with food supply stakeholders were conducted in South West Western Australia between May and July 2020, immediately after the 1st wave of the pandemicResults: The prevalence of food insecurity was 21%, and significantly more prevalent for those aged less than 30 years and living with a disability. Most consumers (73%) agreed that the COVID-19 pandemic had impacted the food supply. Food insecure respondents were more likely to report that food was more expensive, resulting in changes to the types and quantities of food bought. Food supply stakeholders perceived that consumers increased their intention to buying locally grown produce. Panic buying temporarily reduced the availability of food for both consumers and food suppliers.Conclusions: Further government support at a local, regional, and national level is necessary to support households at risk of food insecurity and to bolster regional food systems to support equitable access to food.
Developing a Patient-Centered Community-Based Model for Management of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Uganda: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Makabayi-Mugabe Rita , Musaazi Joseph , Zawedde-Muyanja Stella , Kizito Enock , Namwanje Hellen , Aleu Philip , Charlet Danielle , Lopez Debora B. Freitas , Brightman Haley , Turyahabwe Stavia , Nkolo Abel
Published: April 2021

Background: The advent of all-oral regimens for the management of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) makes the implementation of community-based directly observed therapy (CB-DOT) a possibility for this group of patients. We set out to determine patient preferences for different attributes of a community-based model for the management of MDR-TB in Uganda. Methods: The study was conducted at five tertiary referral hospitals. We used a parallel convergent mixed methods study design. To collect quantitative data, we conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) with three different attributes of community-based care (provider type, location of care, and type of support) combined into eight choice sets, each with two options and an opt-out. We collected additional qualitative data by eliciting patient reasons for selection of each choice set. We fitted a mixed logit choice model to determine patient preferences for different attributes of community-based care. Thematic analysis using NVivo12 was done to understand the reasons for the choices made. Results: From December 2019 to January 2020, we interviewed 103 patients with MDR-TB. Majority (58.3%) were male; 61.2% were HIV negative; and the median age was 37 (IQR 30-47) years. Two thirds (65.1%) earned less than $1 per day. Study participants preferred at least one of the CB-DOT models of care to none (current standard of care). The most preferred model consisted of a community health worker (CHW) giving DOT at home and travel vouchers to enable attendance at monthly clinic follow-up visits. Qualitative interviews revealed that patients perceived CHWs as knowledgeable and able to offer psychosocial support. Patients also indicated a preference for taking medication at home because it saves both time and money and presents a lower risk of being stigmatized. Conclusion: People with MDR-TB prefer to be supported to take their medicine at home by a member of their community. The effectiveness of this model of care will be further evaluated.
Observational and genetic evidence on the association of sleep behaviors with the incidence of fracture
Authors: Qian Yu , Jiangwei Xia , Liu Ke-Qi , Xu Lin , Xie Shu-Yang , Chen Guo-Bo , cong Pei-kuan , Saber Khederzadeh , Zheng Houfeng
Published: April 2021

Here, we combined conventional evidence from longitudinal data in UK Biobank and genetic evidence from Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to infer the causality between sleep behaviors and fracture risk. We found that participants with insomnia showed a 7.0% higher risk of fracture (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.070, 95%CI = 1.045–1.096, P = 1.87×10− 8), falls and BMD mediated 26% and 10% of the intermediary effect, the MR analyses provided the consistent evidence. A U-shape relationship was observed between sleep duration and fracture risk (P < 0.001) with the lowest fracture risk at sleeping 7–8 hours per day. The excessive daytime sleepiness and “evening” chronotype were associated with fracture risk in observational study, but the association between chronotype and fracture did not show in MR analyses. We further generated a sleep risk score (SRS) with potential risk factors (i.e., insomnia, sleep duration, chronotype, and daytime sleepiness). We found that the risk of fracture increased with an increasing SRS (HR = 1.095, 95%CI = 1.073–1.118, P < 2×10− 16). Moreover, 19.4% of the fracture cases would be removed if participants exhibited a healthy sleep pattern. In conclusion, insomnia had a causal effect on fracture, falls had a larger intermediary effect than BMD in this association. Individuals with fracture risk could benefit from the intervention on unhealthy sleep pattern.
Metformin Induces Ferroptosis byInhibiting UFMylation of SLC7A11 in Breast Cancer
Authors: Yang Jingjing , Zhou Yulu , Xie Shuduo , Wang Ji , Li Zhaoqing , Chen Lini , Mao Misha , Chen Cong , Huang Aihua , Chen Yongxia , Zhang Xun , KHAN NOOR UL HASSAN , Wang Linbo , Zhou Jichun
Published: April 2021

Background

Ferroptosis is a newly defined form of regulated cell death characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxidation and is involved in various pathophysiological conditions, including cancer. Targeting ferroptosis is considered to be a novel anti-cancer strategy. The identification of FDA-approved drugs as ferroptosis inducers is proposed to be a new promising approach for cancer treament. Despite a growing body of evidence indicating the potential efficacy of the anti-diabetic metformin as an anti-cancer agent, the exact mechanism underlying this efficacy has not yet been fully elucidated.
Methods

The UFMylation of SLC7A11 is detected by immunoprecipitation and the expression of UFM1 and SLC7A11 in tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemical. The level of ferroptosis is determined by the level of free iron, total/lipid Ros and GSH in the cells and the morphological changes of mitochondria are observed by transmission electron microscope.The mechanism in vivo was verified by in situ implantation tumor model in nude mice.
Results

Metformin induces ferroptosis in an AMPK-independent manner to suppress tumor growth. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that metformin increases the intracellular Fe2+ and lipid ROS levels. Specifically, metformin reduces the protein stability of SLC7A11, which is a critical ferroptosis regulator, by inhibiting its UFMylation process. Furthermore, the combination of the system xc− inhibitor sulfasalazine and metformin can work in a synergistic manner to induced ferroptosis,which inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer.
Conclusions

This study is the first to demonstrate that the ability of metformin to induce ferroptosis may be a novel mechanism underlying its anti-cancer effect. In addition, we identified SLC7A11 as a new UFMylation substrate and found that targeting the UFM1/SLC7A11 pathway could be a promising cancer treatment strategy.
Tyrosol improves ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma in rat model through prevention of airway inflammation
Authors: Cellat Mustafa , Kuzu Müslüm , İşler Cafer Tayer , Etyemez Muhammed , Dikmen Nursel , Uyar Ahmet , Gökçek İshak , Türk Erdinç , Güvenç Mehmet
Published: April 2021

Purpose
Asthma is an inflammatory disease that affects many people around the world, especially individuals of pediatric age. The effectiveness of tyrosol, a natural phenolic compound, was examined in the asthma model induced by ovalbumin (OVA).
Methods
For this purpose, 4 groups, each consisting of 8 rats, were formed. Serum physiological was given to the control group for 21 days. OVA was given to OVA, OVA + Dexamethasone (Dexa) and OVA + tyrosol groups intraperitoneally and by inhalation. Additionally, 0.25 mg/kg Dexa was administered to the OVA + Dexa group and 20 mg/kg tyrosol to the OVA + Tyrosol group by oral gavage. Serum, blood, BALF fluid and lung tissues of the rats were examined.
Results
it was observed that the MDA level decreased, GSH level and GPx activity increased, and there was no change in CAT activity in the tyrosol treatment groups. It was also observed that NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-𝛾, and IgE levels decreased compared to the OVA group. However, no effect on IL-1 β level was observed. In addition, it was determined that tyrosol treatment increased the IL-10 level. The results of the histopathological investigation of lung tissue showed that tyrosol significantly ameliorated OVA-induced histopathological lesions. Additionally, PAS staining showed that mucus hypersecretion was significantly reduced with the use of tyrosol. In addition, it was determined that the number of eosinophils decreased significantly.
Conclusions
The obtained results showed that tyrosol presented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory features on OVA-induced rats and preserved tissue architecture.