bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Covid 19: Human Rights and State Responsibility
Authors: Naik Yeshwant
Published: July 2021

Human rights dimensions of the Covid-19 response escalate the obligations of governments. Since the time Covid was first identified in December 2020 in Wuhan, China, Human Rights Watch has reported several human rights abuses including the authoritarian responses in some countries.  Many governments are expanding public health measures by abandoning universal human rights. People are arrested for violating lockdown measures and curfews. Police and/or security forces are using violence, including lethal force, to enforce public health measures such as curfews and the wearing of masks. Lockdowns have imposed restrictions on individual movement by restraining them from leaving their place of residence. Some countries have imposed partial lockdowns. While restrictions on freedom of movement are necessary in the interest of protecting public health, states still are accountable to ensure that such restrictions are proportionate, evidence-based, and time-limited.  There were grievances and inequalities across countries, some of which were based on racist, gender-specific or other discrimination. There is also increased oppression of those who think differently. The pandemic exposes the failures in the context of political action and cooperation. The article makes recommendations on how governments can confront the pandemic while respecting basic human rights.
Uso de Storytelling para Apoiar a Gestão de Conhecimento no Desenvolvimento de Software
Authors: Mendes Tamara M. , Pietrobon Carlos A. M.
Published: July 2021

Este trabalho propõe a técnica e uma ferramenta de contar histórias para auxiliar a Gestão de Conhecimento em empresas de desenvolvimento de software. O objetivo é desenvolver e avaliar uma ferramenta que permite criar, recuperar e gerenciar histórias utilizando recursos multimídia para gerir conhecimento de processos de software e do produto desenvolvido. Este conhecimento é útil no sistema em desenvolvimento e em futuros projetos. Os testes da ferramenta proposta foram realizados na fase de levantamento de requisitos de três projetos. Os resultados mostraram que as histórias permitem extrair mais requisitos do sistema do que apenas com as entrevistas tradicionais, e podem ser utilizadas como complemento destas.
Uma Proposta para Melhoria da Qualidade de Processos de Software com base em MPS.BR
Authors: Brasil Miguel Augusto Bauermann , Fontoura Lisandra Manzoni , Silva Luís Alvaro de Lima
Published: July 2021

A melhoria da qualidade em processos de software é um importante mecanismo para aumentar a competitividade das organizações. Modelos de maturidade como o MPS.BR, CMM e o CMMI aliados a abordagens de adaptação de processos como a SME oferecem orientações para que esta atividade venha a ser desenvolvida. Este trabalho descreve uma abordagem baseada no modelo MPS.BR para a melhoria da qualidade de processos de software. A abordagem proposta é centrada na reutilização de fragmentos de método, os quais são recuperados a partir dos resultados esperados extraídos do modelo MPS.BR. Visando automatizar a abordagem, um sistema para guiar usuários durante o processo de melhoria foi desenvolvido.
Uma Análise dos Últimos 5 anos do Simpósio Brasileiro de Qualidade de Software
Authors: Carianha Maiane Salomão , Lima Neto Crescencio Rodrigues
Published: July 2021

No ano de 2013, o Simpósio Brasileiro de Qualidade de Software (SBQS) realiza sua décima segunda edição. Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar os trabalhos técnicos e relatos de experiências das últimas cinco edições do evento. O método utilizado foi a revisão sistemática da literatura publicada nos anais do SBQS entre 2008 e 2012. De acordo com a pesquisa realizada, quantificou-se as instituições que publicaram, destas, quais eram da indústria e quais eram unidades de ensino. Observou-se também o número total de publicações, o estado, o pesquisador e a instituição de ensino que mais publicou. Por fim, quais foram os idiomas utilizados na escrita dos artigos e relatos de experiência. Nossa análise considerou a versão eletrônica das últimas cinco edições do SBQS e com a informação levantada, pode-se tirar as seguintes conclusões: (i) as instituições que lideram são UFRJ, UFMG e UFPE; (ii) os estados que mais apresentam publicações são Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais e São Paulo; (iii) a relação com a indústria ainda é fraca; (iv) a participação internacional é baixa; e finalmente, (vi) há uma ínfima quantidade de trabalho escritos em inglês.
MPVerde – Modelo de Referência para Aplicação de Processos Verdes em Organizações de Software
Authors: Frez Liliane , Thiry Marcello , Zoucas Alessandra
Published: July 2021

Este artigo apresenta um modelo de referência para apoiar a implementação de processos e práticas verdes em organizações de desenvolvimento de software. O modelo proposto é estruturado em níveis de capacidade e maturidade, tendo sido desenvolvido com base em conceitos e práticas da TI verde. A preocupação com o meio ambiente traz um diferencial de mercado importante para estas organizações e pode proporcionar um ambiente organizacional que estimula o crescimento individual dos seus profissionais. Este trabalho apresenta ainda o resultado de avaliações do modelo em três organizações de desenvolvimento de software.
Dívida Técnica: um estudo de caso com produtos de código aberto
Authors: Vieira Igor Rodrigues , Sousa Leonardo da Silva , de Mendonça Vinícius Rafael Lobo , Rodrigues Cássio Leonardo , Vincenzi Auri Marcelo Rizzo
Published: July 2021

Este artigo avalia a metáfora da dívida técnica em produtos de código aberto, considerando seu estado sobre esses produtos, no intuito de demonstrar a possibilidade de utilização dessa abordagem para o gerenciamento e avaliação da qualidade. Este trabalho está relacionado com a avaliação de recentes versões de um conjunto de quarenta projetos da Comunidade de Software Livre, escolhidos arbitrariamente. Esses projetos são submetidos à avaliação da plataforma Sonar, a qual possibilita coletar métricas estáticas e dinâmicas, entre elas a Dívida Técnica. Os resultados obtidos são utilizados para avaliar as características da dívida técnica sobre esse conjunto de projetos, além de verificar se ela está em um nível aceitável.
Especificação e Automação Colaborativas de Testes utilizando a técnica BDD
Authors: Chiavegatto Rafael , Pinheiro Vanilton , Vieira Andréia Freitas , Clineu João , Oliveira Erbett Hinton , Barroso Ellen , Amorim Alexandre , Conte Tayana
Published: July 2021

Teste é uma atividade indispensável no processo de desenvolvimento de software. Porém, sua execução manual tem um alto custo e, muitas vezes o cliente requer um feedback rápido, assim comprometendo a qualidade do produto. Uma forma de atuar nesse problema é por meio do uso do BDD (Behavior-Driven Development), em conjunto com o framework para automatização de testes web Selenium WebDriver. Este artigo apresenta um relato de experiência da utilização dessa técnica com automatização de testes no desenvolvimento de um software, permitindo a colaboração entre os integrantes do time, aumentando a qualidade do software e dando uma resposta ágil ao cliente.
Práticas Ágeis Aplicadas a um Processo de Manutenção de Software: Um Relato de Experiência
Authors: Ramos André L. B. M. , de Lima Thiago L. Luna , Cunha Lívia Maria R. V. , Tavares Rafael L. A.
Published: July 2021

Muitas empresas não utilizam um processo formal durante a fase de evolução de software. Este fato decorre da não adequação dos processos tradicionais às características intrínsecas ao processo de manutenção do software, e.g., rápidas entregas, simplicidade no processo de comunicação e acompanhamento mais perto dos problemas. Neste contexto, o presente documento tem como objetivo apresentar o processo de software, baseado no modelo ágil scrum, adotado na Divisão de Manutenção da Dataprev/PB. Ao final, é apresentada a sondagem de satisfação subjetiva da equipe de manutenção em relação à adoção do referido processo.
Culture Specific Items in Audiovisual Translation: Issues of Synchrony and Cultural Equivalence in the Lithuanian Dub of “Shrek the Third”
Authors: Huber Loreta , Kairys Airidas
Published: July 2021

Audiovisual translation encompasses a number of dissimilar areas. To quote Frederic Valera Chaume, AVT “covers both well-established and new ground-breaking linguistic and semiotic transfers like dubbing, subtitling, surtitling, respeaking, audiosubtitling, voice-over, simultaneous interpreting at film festivals, free-commentary and goblin translation, subtitling for the deaf and the hard of hearing, audiodescription, fansubbing and fandubbing” (2013, p. 105). This paper analyses the importance of culture-specific elements in audiovisual products and strategies of their transfer to the target culture. Practical investigation is based on a case study of an animated film “Shrek the Third” and its Lithuanian dub. The choice for the case study was determined by the fact that the history of dubbing animated movies in independent Lithuania started with “Shrek,” the first Hollywood film dubbed into Lithuanian, which has achieved unprecedented success and become an example for further dub localizations. The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between types of synchrony that should be maintained in dubbing and culture-specific items that should be localized in the target text. The study is complemented with a research survey that questions the importance of different types of synchronies in translation. As there is no consensus about the importance of lip synchrony in dubbing, and some scholars (Doane, 1980; Chaume, 2012) claim that it plays a dominant role in dubbing, whereas others (Herbst, 1994; Jüngst, 2010) declare its overestimation, the survey research attempts to answer this debatable question.
Coronapandemie-Wortschatz im Gegenwartsdeutschen und Gegenwartsukrainischen
Authors: Kovbasyuk Larysa
Published: July 2021

In diesem Beitrag werden Ergebnisse zur kontrastiven Forschung zum Coronapandemie-Wortschatz im Gegenwartsdeutschen und Gegenwartsukrainischen vorgestellt. Das Ziel dieses Beitrags besteht darin, die Wörter, die in der Corona-Zeit in Deutschland und in der Ukraine verwendet werden, zu berücksichtigen, die strukturell-semantischen Merkmale von ausgewählten Wörtern in beiden Sprachen zu beschreiben, eine konzeptuelle Analyse durchzuführen, Wortpaare kontrastiv zu untersuchen, vorhandene Äquivalenztypen festzustellen und zu beschreiben. Die Analyse stützt sich auf ein manuell zusammengestelltes Korpus zum Coronapandemie-Wortschatz (deutsch: 735 Wörter / ukrainisch: 235 Wörter), wobei festzuhalten ist, dass die Menge der Einheiten des Korpus in beiden Sprachen variiert. Die gesammelten Wörter wurden in Sachgruppen eingeteilt, die quantitativ unterschiedlich repräsentiert sind. Die strukturell-semantischen Merkmale der Wörter des Korpus wurden beschrieben. Die Wortbildungstypen in beiden Sprachen wurden präzis dargestellt. Anhand des untersuchten Materials konnte ermittelt werden, dass die Anzahl der Entlehnungen und der Neubildungen in beiden Sprachen quantitativ differiert. Konzeptuelle Metaphern und Metonymien wurden ermittelt und beschrieben. Die Kontrastierung der deutsch-ukrainischen Wortpaare aufgrund der semantischen Übereinstimmungen und Unterschiede erlaubt es, von Voll-, Teil- und Nulläquivalenz zu sprechen.
Preparing Sheep Bladder Scaffold and Examining the Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Into Myocytes on Scaffolds
Authors: Najafi Reza , Asadi Asadollah , Zahri Saber , Abdolmaleki Arash
Published: July 2021

Background: Tissue engineering may be used to repair, preserve, or improve tissues and organs. In this regard, acellular biological scaffolds are mainly used to reconstruct damaged tissues in regenerative medicine. Objectives: The present study examined the in vitro process of myocytes differentiated from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) on the sheep bladder scaffold induced by 5-azacytidine. Methods: Decellularization was performed using a mixed method (physical and chemical) to prepare scaffolds kept at -20°C. The 5-azacytidine was used to induce BM‐MSCs to myocytes. Moreover, the muscle-specific gene expression (Desmin, α-Actinin, Myo D) was evaluated using the RT-PCR method. Results: It was revealed that BM‐MSCs on the scaffold had high proliferation and differentiation potentials. Desmin and α-Actinin gene expression marked the differentiation at the end of the fourth week. Moreover, the results of Masson’s trichrome staining at the end of the second, third and, fourth weeks also indicated that the first differentiation signs emerged at the end of the second week. Furthermore, differentiation reached its maximum level during the fourth week. Conclusions: According to the findings, combining physical and chemical methods was the best technique to prepare the bladder scaffold so that the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be differentiated into myocytes on the bladder scaffold affected by 5-azacytidine (5 µmol), and As the induction time increases to day 28, myocyte cells become more developed.
Comparison of Blood Perfusion Parameters in the Ipsilateral and Contralateral Sides of the Brain in Known Cases of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Farzadniya Amin , Mehvari Jafar , Basiratnia Reza , Mehrabi Farzad
Published: July 2021

Background: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of focal seizures. To localize the epileptic site for surgery, different neuroimaging tools are used. Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the modalities used to evaluate the cerebral hemodynamics and localize intracranial neoplasia and cerebrovascular events. Two contrast-based perfusion imaging sequences are described, including dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MRI (DSC-MRI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). The most commonly measured parameters include the relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and mean transit time (MTT). Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the blood perfusion parameters, such as rCBV and rCBF, in patients diagnosed with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), using DSC-perfusion MRI to determine whether there is a change in these parameters and if this modality can be used to diagnose and localize the epileptic side. Patients and Methods: Twenty-two patients, who were diagnosed with TLE clinically and electrophysiologically by a neurologist, were investigated in this study. The patients were examined for the presence of any other lesions, such as tumors or cerebrovascular disease as the exclusion criteria. Perfusion images were processed by the Siemens perfusion software, and the rCBV and rCBF maps were generated based on the gamma variate fit. For qualitative analysis, coronal reconstruction of rCBV and rCBF maps was performed. For quantitative analysis, a single neuroradiologist placed the region of interest (ROI) on the hippocampus and the parahippocampal gyrus on T1W images at the same level of DSC images. After determining the CBV and CBF values relative to the ROI of each side, the asymmetry index (AI) was calculated. Results: In patients with unilateral epilepsy, the blood perfusion parameters in the ipsilateral side of the brain were significantly lower than the contralateral side (P < 0.0001); the mean values of both parameters were significantly lower in the affected side as compared to the opposite side. Conclusion: In patients with TLE, significantly lower blood perfusion parameters in the affected side of the brain can help radiologists and neurologists to lateralize the MTLE side.
Differential Diagnosis of Sinonasal Extramedullary Plasmacytoma, Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using CT Scan and MRI
Authors: Lee Dong-Joo , Hong Sang Duk , Yu Myeong Sang , Heo Sung Jae , Kim Joo-Yeon , Jung Tae Young , Kim Sung-Dong , Mun Sue-Jean , Kim Hak-Jin , Cho Kyu-Sup
Published: July 2021

Background: The imaging features of sinonasal extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) are non-specific and similar to those of other lesions, such as sinonasal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Objectives: To analyze the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images of patients with EMP, NHL, and SCC to identify the radiological characteristics differentiating sinonasal EMP from NHL and SCC. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the CT and MR imaging features of 37 patients with sinonasal EMP, 46 patients with NHL, and 44 patients with SCC were analyzed. Sinonasal NHL was categorized into two distinct types, namely, natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (n = 32) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n = 14). The tumor volume was determined by measuring the region of interest (ROI) in the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) program. Besides, homogeneity, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the ADC maps, degree of enhancement, adjacent bone destruction, and invasion to Waldeyer’s ring and cervical or retropharyngeal lymph nodes were evaluated. Results: Although the tumor volume was larger in the EMP group as compared to the NHL and SCC groups, the difference was not statistically significant. The NHL group showed the highest tumor homogeneity on both CT and MR images. EMP was more heterogenous than NHL, with moderate signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images. On the other hand, EMP and NHL showed significantly lower ADCs as compared to SCC. The majority of patients with sinonasal EMP, NHL, and SCC showed an avid enhancement. Also, destructive tumor growth involving the adjacent bone was more frequent in SCC than in EMP or NHL. However, there were no significant differences among sinonasal EMP, NHL, and SCC in terms of invasion to Waldeyer’s ring and cervical or retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: Marked heterogeneity on T1-weighted images, low ADCs, and lack of adjacent bone destruction were the CT and MR imaging features that favored the diagnosis of EMP over NHL or SCC.
The Place of Group A Streptococci in Moroccan Children with Pharyngitis and Emm Type Distribution
Authors: Himri Sara , Oumokhtar Bouchra , Atmani Samir , Arhoune Btissam , Moutaouakkil Kaoutar , Diagne Bineta Jho , El Fakir Samira
Published: July 2021

Background: Streptococcus pyogenes is responsible for a wide variety of diseases, including noninvasive and severe invasive infections. The emm gene encodes the M protein that is the virulence factor and immunological determinant of group A streptococci. Emm typing is the group A Streptococci (GAS) standard molecular typing method based on the amplification of the N terminal hypervariable region of the emm gene. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of GAS in children with pharyngitis and determine different types of emm gene in the GAS isolates using emm typing. Methods: The study was carried out over a period of 14 months (from February 2017 to March 2018). Throat samples were collected from cases aged ≤ 18 years with pharyngitis referring to a primary health care center in Fez, Morocco. GAS isolates were subjected to conventional tests to confirm species identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the standard disk diffusion method. We researched emm gene by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Emm types were determined by a sequence-based protocol. Demographic and clinical data were recorded from each patient. Results: From a total of 177 throat samples, 11 isolates (6.2%) were identified as GAS in children with pharyngitis. Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed that all the GAS isolates were sensitive to penicillin. The sequencing of the PCR products of the emm gene revealed that emm90 was the most obtained emm type (30,77%); while emm75 was the least type observed (7.7%). Conclusions: The emm90 is the most prevalent type detected from patients with tonsillitis. Penicillin and erythromycin are still the foremost effective antibiotics to treat GAS pharyngitis.
The Playful Academic An editorial
Authors: Nørgård Rikke Toft , Moseley Alex
Published: July 2021

An editorial for the Special Issue, "The Playful Academic".
Setting the distance: Theoretical practice of Milan Zloković and its material corollaries
Authors: Milinković Marija
Published: July 2021

In architectural practice of Milan Zloković there exists a curious division between his prewar orientation towards building and his postwar emphasis on theoretical research. However, the distinction between these two fields of his work is not that simple and unequivocal. The particular aim of this paper is to explore this vague relationship in Zloković's postwar practice by focusing on his late project of the Tourist Settlement in Ulcinj and the previous preparatory work at the Institute of Architecture and Urban Planning in Belgrade. The analysis reveals Zloković's precise understanding of concrete problems of contemporariness and exposes his position in the specific context of Yugoslav modernism as truly autonomous yet deeply engaged.
Dancing to architecture: Popular music, economic crisis and urban change in 1980s industrial Europe
Authors: Bottà Giacomo
Published: July 2021

This article examines popular music practices in industrial cities during the time of economic downturn and crisis (the early 1980s). In particular it takes into account the birth of alternative DIY musical practices and their use of urban space at the imaginary and material level. The article will start with an introduction to music making and to the effects it has on space / place perception and use. I have examined case studies from industrial cities and compared the way different music scenes developed during times of crisis and achieved relevant cultural expressions. The main interest of this paper is to show how the economic downturn brought to a series of cultural innovations, which were not directly connected to technological advance and resulted out of re-use, recycle or innovative use of available technologies and practices.
Reseña de: García Izquierdo, Iván y Peterson, David (Coords.), Camino y Señorío. Obra selecta de Luis Martínez García
Authors: Cantera Montenegro Enrique
Published: July 2021

Reseña de: García Izquierdo, Iván y Peterson, David (Coords.), Camino y Señorío. Obra selecta de Luis Martínez García, Burgos, Universidad de Burgos, 2020, 392 pp. ISBN: 978-84-16283-89-7.
Face recognition vendor test (FRVT) part 7 :
Authors: Grother Patrick , Hom Austin , Ngan Mei , Hanaoka Kayee
Published: July 2021

One-to-many biometric search systems are discussed in their role of positive and negative identification - the former refers to the expectation that person in a probe sample is present in the database (as in access to an office) while the latter presumes the person is not (as in compulsive gamblers entering a casino). The distinction is useful because the application differ in their tolerance for false negatives and false positives. This report addresses the positive use of one-to-many facial recognition in airport transit settings in which travelers' faces are matched against galleries of individuals expected to be present. We primarily consider the case where face recognition serves double-duty for access control (to an aircraft) and facilitation (of recording a visa-holder's exit). This report summarizes three NIST activities: First, to describe the biometric aspects of the immigration exit application and factors that are expected to affect its performance; second, to document results from running offline simulations in which recent accurate face recognition algorithms are applied to actual ENTRY and EXIT images with the goals of establishing a methodology, estimating accuracy, and exposing some factors that will affect those estimates; third to consider whether the use of face recognition at other airport touchpoints airport where higher populations are expected.
INTERCONNECTION OF MATERIALS SCIENCE, 3D PRINTING AND MATHEMATIC IN INTERDISCIPLINARY EDUCATION
Authors: Budinski Natalija , Lavicza Zsolt , Vukić Nevena , Teofilović Vesna , Kojić Dejan , Erceg Tamara , Budinski-Simendić Jaroslava
Published: July 2021

The substantial advantage of 3D printing is the ability to fabricate complex shapes objects from liquid molecules or powder grains which joins or solidifies using computer design files (CAD) to produce a three-dimensional object with material being added together layer by layer. This process is considered as an industrial technology. The most-commonly used 3D printing procedure is a material extrusion technique called fused deposition modelling. The producers of 3D printers have already developed prototypes for education purposes. The importance of the incorporation this printing method in schools is the fact. The learning experience for digital media is becoming a priority in school education. The practical application of this technique can be incorporated into a wide variety of school subjects to simplify the sophisticated theoretical concepts. 3D printing is the example of cooperation within material science and mathematics but this platform is very often not supported by the high school curriculum, but latest trends propose different approaches and make education close to the science achievements and contemporary life. Building lessons plans and project could help students to learn more contemporary achievement in this field. It is new trend to support enthusiastic teachers who want to implement this method of additive manufacturing in education. This paper provides an overview of 3D printing methods and highlights the possibility of their implementation in educational techniques.
BREGZIT - OPASNOST ILI ŠANSA ZA VELIKU BRITANIJU?
Authors: Jović Ljiljana , Lakić Danijela
Published: July 2021

Politički i ekonomski aspekti svake zemlje međusobno su isprepleteni i uslovljeni. Od njihovog balansa, kratkorčnih ciljeva i dugoročnih vizija, zavisi i raspodjela nacionalnog suvereniteta u svim njegovim aspektima. Priključivanje procesu evropske integracije za zemlju kao što je Velika Britanija bio je izazov koji se našao u direktnoj suprotnosti sa njenim jako izraženim osjećajem za nacionalni identitet. Ekonomski napredak zajedničkog tržišta na Starom kontinentu uticao je da početkom sedamdesetih godina prošlog vijeka nacionalni identitet bude djelimično žrtvovan u korist ekonomskog rasta i odluku da se Velika Britanija priključi Uniji. Međutim, osjećaj posebnosti i okrenutost, u političkom i kulturnom smislu, ka anglosaksonskoj tradiciji uzrokovali su stalno tinjajući evroskepticizam. Globalna recesija i potreba za jačanjem međusobne solidarnosti u evropskom prostoru intenziviraće preispitivanje ispravnosti odluke o članstvu u Uniji. Unutrašnji politički odnosi su sa svoje strane doprinijeli jačanju kampanje protiv članstva. Desio se referendum i Britanci su odlučili da, ipak, žele da idu svojim putem. Sa stanovišta ekonomske dobrobiti, ovo ne izgleda kao racionalna odluka. Evidentno je da je nakon više od četiri decenije ponovo nađen balans između političkih i ekonomskih ciljeva, ovaj put u korist nacionalnog identiteta, iako posmatrač sa strane u ovom momentu ne vidi političku opravdanost takve odluke. Izgleda da je ne vidi ni dio britanskog društva, pa je poces izlaska spor i nepredvidljiv, a javljaju se i naznake ponovnog preispitivanja odluke o napuštanju EU.
ЛИБЕРАЛИЗАЦИЈА ТАРИФА У ОСИГУРАЊУ ОД АУТО-ОДГОВОРНОСТИ РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРПСКЕ
Authors: Стевановић Бориша
Published: July 2021

У осигурању од ауто-одговорности према трећим лицима, добро постављање тарифа је од виталног значаја за опстанак осигуравача. Осигурање од аутоодгово-рности у Републици Српској (РС) је законски обавезно, премијски систем је административно одређен, а премија овог вида осигурања заузима највеће учешће у портфељу осигуравајућих друштава. Основни проблеми у функционисању сектора осигурања од аутоодговорности су: нелојална конкуренција, нарушавање премијског система, велики удио транс-акција са повезаним лицима, недостатак транспарентности, неразвијени системи интерне контроле и ревизије и лоше управљање трошковима. Одређивање тарифа на либерализованим тржи-штима је посао који обавља свако осигуравајуће друштво самостално, уз примјену математичко-статистичких метода, како би се премије што адекватније одредиле и прилагодиле ризичности сваког осигураника. У процесу увођења система слободног одређивања цијена осигурања од ауто-одговорности, неопходно је обезбиједити бројне предуслове, а најважнији су: успостављање поуздане статистичке основе за формирање тарифа; унапређење надзора и усаглашавање са европским законодавством. Поједине земље су имале великих проблема након увођења либерализације тарифа, док су друге прошле са мањим потресима. Либерализација тарифа ствара одређене опасности, али и користи по тржиште осигурања од аутоодговорности РС. У тренутној политичкој, правној и еконо-мској ситуацији у којој се налази Република Српска, најприхватљивије рјешење је дјелимична и постепена либерализација тржишта осигурања од ауто-одговорности.
ULOGA MENADŽMENTA ZDRAVSTVENE USTANOVE U DAVANJU USLUGA NA OSNOVU MEĐUNARODNIH UGOVORA
Authors: Ivić Mladen , Grublješić Željko , Vojvodić Nikola , Pavlović Dalibor
Published: July 2021

Postojanje međunarodnih ugovora o pravima iz socijalnog osiguranja reguliše prenos iz jedne države u drugu državu ugovornicu, prava iz oblasti zdravstvenog osiguranja i zaštite. Iako postoje već niz godina, primjena tzv. konvencija o socijalnoj sigurnosti, i iz njih izvedenih prava, još nije dovoljno zaživela u radu zdravstvenih ustanova, već predstavljaju nepoznanicu koja se ignoriše ili se njihova primjena izbjegava. Pojedine zdravstvene ustanove imaju veća iskustva u ostvarivanju koristi iz pružanja usluga po ugovorima, ali su i kod njih prisutne rezerve i neiskorišteni potencijali. Davanje usluga inostranim korisnicima zdravstvenog osiguranja može se izjednačiti sa izvozom zdravstvenih usluga, a koji se ostvaruje u domaćoj ustanovi. Koristi od davanja usluga po osnovu međunarodnih sporazuma imaju i inostrani osiguranik, kojem je usluga neophodna, i zdravstvena ustanova koja dobija novog korisnika usluga, kao i zdravstveno osiguranje, koje posredno a nekad i jeftinije može da pokrije osigurani slučaj. Cilj ovog rada je da ukaže na potrebu aktivnog pristupa davanju usluga inostarnim osiguranicima kao i da se primjena ugovora obavi na što efikasniji način, a iz toga postignu koristi za ustanovu i za korisnika usluga.
Application of the Salini test in determining investments in the practice of the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes
Authors: Tereshkova Valentina Vladimirovna , Gadalov Gleb Andreevich
Published: July 2021

Determination of the existence of subject-matter jurisdiction is of practical importance for the entire dispute settlement process by the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), which was created for protection of the rights of foreign investors. The subject-matter jurisdiction of ICSID is conditioned by existence of an “investment”. Determination of existence of an investment in each particular dispute is attributed to the exclusive competence of the arbitral tribunal itself, since the concept of “investment” is not disclosed in the text of the Washington Convention. The authors assess the key features of the activity that is recognized as investment, used by the arbitrators conducting qualification of one or another transaction to establish whether or not they fall under requirements of the Article 25 of the Washington Convention. Special attention is turned to the methodology and practice of application of the aforementioned criteria. It is noted that in each criteria, the arbitrators determine their own structure. Detailed analysis is carried out on the issues of subject-matter jurisdiction in the decisions of ICSID , beginning with the Fedex case, in which the need to use objective criteria in determination of ICSID jurisdiction without their interpretation is pointed for the first time; and Salini case, in which the arbitrators disclosed the content of these criteria, as well as subsequent decisions that illustrated different approaches of the arbitrators towards interpreting the Salini test. The conclusion is made that despite the fact that the criteria used in modern arbitration practice developed in the Salini case do not possess regulatory characteristics, their presence allows making objective distinction between the investments protected on the level of international agreements and regular commercial transactions. The Salini test provides potential investors with the opportunity to assess risks prior to starting investment activity on the territory of a foreign country, as well as protect the parties to the investment relations from abuse.
A Semiotic Look at the Digital Age with the Black Mirror Series
Authors: Yağmur ÇELİK Rafşan , ÖZÇINAR Meral
Published: July 2021

Rönesans ile birlikte gelen çağdaş yaşam pratikleriyle “gerçek” işlenebilir bir hale dönüşmüştür. Bu işlevsel gerçeklik ekranlar aracılığı ile oluşturulan toplumsallaşma simülasyon evreninin doğmasına neden olmuştur. Simülasyon evreninde
göstergeler üretilebilinir bir haldedir. Bu üretilebilinir gerçeklik ise kendini iletişim teknolojileri ekranlar aracılığıyla görünür kılmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmanın örneklemini gelecek dünyanın distopik bir somutlaştırmasını
yapan ve bunu ekranlar aracılığıyla aktaran Black Mirror dizisi oluşturmaktadır. Dizide simülasyon evrenindeki göstergeler yeniden üretim halindedir. Çalışma, Jean Baudrillard'ın simülasyon kuramı ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Bu bağlamda
araştırmamız da örneklem olarak kullandığımız Black Mirror dizi serisi de tam da bu noktada teknolojinin ilerlemesiyle beraber yaşanan iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmelerin insanlığı nasıl etkilediğini gözler önüne sererek bugüne
ve geleceğe ayna tutmaktadır. Dizi, insanların hayatlarını kolaylaştırdığı iddia edilen teknolojinin, aslında bu hayatları nasıl çevrelediğini ve yok ettiğini ekranlara taşımaktadır. Black Mirror dizisi tam olarak modern dünyada
simülasyon evrenin de her şeyin ikizinin yapıldığı işlenmiş bir gerçekliği yaşayan ve bu şekilde toplumsal belleği oluşturan bireylerin teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birlikte bunun birleşiminden doğabilecek sonuçları bize aktarmıştır.
Çalışmada dizinin üç sezonunda yer alan bölümler seçilmiştir. Bu bölümlerden The Entire History Be Right Back ve Nosedive bölümleri göstergebilimsel analiz yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. İnceleme sonucunda dijital çağın görünmeyen yüzü
üzerine bulgular ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırma, teknolojinin gelişimi ile beraber doğabilecek olası sorunları irdeleyerek distopik bir geleceği sorgulayıp sonuçlar öngörmüştür.
Doxing as a Form of Online Activism: Case of Alexei Navalny’s Film A Palace For Putin
Authors: DEMYDOVA Viktoriia
Published: July 2021

This article sheds a light on doxing as a form of digital activism and use of social media platforms through mapping the case of video released by Russian opposition activist Alexei Navalny in January 2021. 2-hour film A Palace for
Putin was posted on YouTube and within 3 weeks, 109 million views were registered by YouTube only. Similar to 2017 Navalny’s video that was devoted to the corruption schemes of the Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, released after
Navalny’s arrest Palace was followed by the mass protests in the biggests Russian cities. This article aims to discuss the impact of doxing and social media platforms on political process in Russia. It is argued that by drawing
attention of Russians to Putin’s corruption schemes, video exposes wrongdoings and delegitimize the power of the Russian president. Also, doxing creates a platform for debate and exchange of opinions directly in the comments under
the videos, therefore, civic engagement is promoted. However, doxing and digital media platforms also violate privacy as a basic human right. Also, it is argued that doxing videos has very little potential to mobilize Russians
or organize citizens that support opposition. Rather, it is a work of opposition headquarters and activists. At the same time, there is a risk of the new circle of authoritarian measures that government adopts as a response to
growing activism. Article relies on qualitative methodology. Author conducts qualitative analysis of the film supported by the analysis of comments left by YouTube users under the videos.
Assessing effects of Interest Rates Spread on Non-Performing Loans: A Case of Commercial Banks in Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya
Authors: Agwata Lewis , Somotwo Peter , Ronald Martin Onsiro
Published: July 2021

In the spike of increasing occurrences of non-performing loans among commercial banks in Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya, interest rate spread should be given serious consideration through more empirical research.  This study therefore sought establish the relationship between the interest rate spread and occurrence of non-performing loans among commercial banks in Trans-Nzoia County. It specifically; looked into the credit risk management impacts non-performing loans, bank regulation impacts non-performing loans, and the capital sufficiency impacts non-performing loans. Adopting descriptive research design, the study used the 78 employees of commercial banks in Trans-Nzoia County as its targeted. The entire population participated in the study as respondents. Data, which was gathered using a questionnaire, was using quantitative approach to yield descriptive and inferential statistics. Multiple regression analysis was used to draw inferences from the findings. All factors were found to be statistically significant (p,0.05). Thus, credit risk management, bank regulation impacts, and the capital sufficiency have a positive significant effect on non-performing loans among commercial banks in Trans-Nzoia. The study recommended for; credit staff training programmes, applying strict interest rate rules and strict lending advances policies.

In the spike of increasing occurrences of non-performing loans among commercial banks in Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya, interest rate spread should be given serious consideration through more empirical research.  This study therefore sought establish the relationship between the interest rate spread and occurrence of non-performing loans among commercial banks in Trans-Nzoia County. It specifically; looked into the credit risk management impacts non-performing loans, bank regulation impacts non-performing loans, and the capital sufficiency impacts non-performing loans. Adopting descriptive research design, the study used the 78 employees of commercial banks in Trans-Nzoia County as its targeted. The entire population participated in the study as respondents. Data, which was gathered using a questionnaire, was using quantitative approach to yield descriptive and inferential statistics. Multiple regression analysis was used to draw inferences from the findings. All factors were found to be statistically significant (p,0.05). Thus, credit risk management, bank regulation impacts, and the capital sufficiency have a positive significant effect on non-performing loans among commercial banks in Trans-Nzoia. The study recommended for; credit staff training programmes, applying strict interest rate rules and strict lending advances policies.
Compliance with the Informed Consent to Blood Transfusion: Constraints and Physic for the Developing Africa
Authors: Orkuma Joseph Aondowase , Ayia George N. , Ikwue Mernan Roselynda , Ojobi Joseph , Simji Gomerep Samuel
Published: July 2021

The informed consent to blood transfusion is a patient centered care where the health care provider is ethically obliged and legally compelled to disclose the details, alternatives and consequences of a procedure such as blood donation or transfusion and obtain from the patient a prior consent before it is carried out. However, this newly evolving practice is largely constrained in many developing countries of Africa and this study sought to identify constraints and advance remedies. Literature search on PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, and African Journal on Line (AJOL) as well as print material literatures where applicable was used to retrieve 66 publications whose contents met the criteria for inclusion into the study. Constraints range from nondisclosure or defective disclosure, knowledge gaps of health care providers and non-comprehension of consent-based information by patients, illiteracy, religious and cultural practices, poor funding and administrative bottlenecks like non provision of consent forms or consent-based information materials as well as weak structures of effective oversight for compliance of health institutions by governmental regulating agencies. Physic like deployment of contentious professional development (CPD) activities for different professionals, focused training on consent-related guidelines, public awareness and education on prevailing social, religious and cultural impediments, research and localization of institution specific challenges. Additionally, proactive economic policies like the deployment of insurance indemnity covers for healthcare workers with negligent liabilities in order to dissuade health care providers from practicing defensive medicine which is inimical to quality health care delivery. There is a need for more researches on constraints prevalent in each developing country in Africa for a more appreciable advancement of the practice.
Adsorption of Water Contaminates by MnFe2O4 Nano Particles
Authors: Farid Yousra Hamdy
Published: July 2021

Wastewater treatment and reuse is a critical issue, researchers are trying to find for cheap and reasonable advances. Adsorption is the most important strategy to evacuate heavy metals. Adsorption happens when particles diffused within the liquid stage for a period of time using the force radiating from an adjoining surface. Nickel and eosin yellow removal from industrial wastewater is considered utilizing manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4), nano particles (Nps), extracted by a co-precipitation strategy at room temperature. The variables examined are the contaminant concentration, weight, pH and contact time. Adsorption isotherm models is examined. The results reveal that the nano manganese ferrite could be adopted as a great adsorbent for the evacuation of nickel and eosin yellow from contaminated water. It is shown that the particle removal rate is diminished with an increment in initial concentration. Also, it shows as the pH increases in the water, the higher the percent removal of the contaminants. Then, it is discovered that as the adsorbent dose is increased from 1 to 3 g/l, the removal of Ni+2 increases from 37% to 60%. The removal of eosin yellow increases from 12% to 28% with an increment within the adsorbent dose from 1 to 4 g/l. The results show that adsorption using nano particles is physiosorption (physical sorption) that occurs at room temperature. The results also revealed that (MnFe2O4), nano particles was a promising adsorbent for removal of Ni ions from industrial wastewater.
Knowledge and Practice of Personal Hygiene among Rural Women in Northern Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Md. Farid , Heck Simon , Chanda Debashish , Rahaman Ebna Habib Md Shofiur , Hossain Md. Monower , Uddin Md. Ektear
Published: July 2021

Background: Sanitation and hygiene have huge impact on human health particularly on death and morbidity of children which are influenced by mother knowledge and practice on the issues.

Aim: The study aimed to assess the present situation of knowledge and practices of basic health hygiene and sanitation of the rural farm families in Northern Bangladesh with a view to find the ground for development initiative towards a better health and sanitation systems. The study also aimed to identify the regional variations in health and sanitation systems in Northern Bangladesh with a view to offer policy support and development.

Methodology: The study was conducted in six sub-districts of three poverty-prone districts – Gaibandha, Rangpur and Kurigram. The multi-stage cluster sampling process yielded a sample size of 386 household (HH) covering 24 different villages. Data was collected by trained assistants following a face-to-face interview using structured interview schedule. Descriptive statistics were used to organize the table with results. Chi-square test was used to assess the regional variations in knowledge and practice of hygiene and sanitation.

Results: About 70% families use unsafe latrines where a significant portion of them are open pit types (33%) having no latrines floor (32%) and wall (75%). More than half of the child-bearing mothers have poor knowledge therefore they directly through the feces outside and did not wash hand properly after cleaning the defecated children and toilets/potty. Many of them do not know that they should wash hand before breast feeding (50%), prior to food preparation (77%), after cleaning of animals (79%) and after any activity (97%). Women of Gaibanda district was the better user of flash toilet and good habit of washing hand after toilet use. Better disposal of domestic waste was observed among the women of Kurigram District. In all respect women of Rangpur was mediocre in hygiene practice. Except disposal of children feces and hand washing before eating significant regional variations were found in type of toilet used, disposal of domestic waste, hand washing before food preparation, hand washing before feeding their child, after toilet use, after cleaning toilet of child and after cleaning the animal.

Conclusion: More awareness program and subsidy policy should be taken for improving sanitation and hygiene with keeping in mind the regional variations in hygiene practice.
Specific Naturopathic Modalities Ameliorate Glucose Homeostasis and Other Physiological Parameters in Human Diabetics
Authors: Ahalya P. G. , Sujatha K. J. , Shetty Prasanth , Prasad Ganesh
Published: July 2021

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is now becoming a serious medical and socio-economic issue all over the world. Early initiation of combination therapy has been suggested as a way to achieve glycemic control, postpone the complications and possibly restore β-cell function. Naturopathy and yoga is one of the upcoming medical systems which had showed a promising result for many lifestyle disorders and hence, this study was aimed to evaluate the effect of 10 days Integrated Naturopathy and Yoga (INY) treatment especially Abdomen Massage and Neutral Hip Bath on glycemic control and anthropometric measures.

Methods: 100 subjects with diabetes were selected and randomly allocated into Case group (naturopathy & yoga intervention with Abdomen Massage and Neutral Hip Bath) and Control group (naturopathy & yoga intervention). The subjects were assessed for blood glucose levels and anthropometric measures at baseline and after the intervention of 10 days.

Results: The result of this study showed a significant reduction in Fasting Glucose (FG) and Post Prandial Glucose (PPG) after 10 days of intervention where Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) have not shown significant changes in the groups. The case group has a larger mean difference between pre and post values of FG, PPG, BMI, and WHR as compared to the control group.

Conclusion: Abdomen massage with neutral hip bath is relatively better for lowering the FG, PPG along with BMI and WHR, by the activation of adiponectin, Brown Adipose Tissue, Atrial natriuretic peptide and counter-regulatory stress hormones, which control hormonal activity, glucose absorption, metabolism and excretion.