bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Original article. Work-related quality of life scale among Singaporean nurses
Authors: Zeng Xu , Chaiear Naesinee , Klainin Piyanee , Khiewyoo Jiraporn , Koh David , Horng Hien Peter Wong , Lee Siu Yin
Published: July 2011

Background: The Work-Related Quality of Life Scale (WRQLS) was developed for health-care workers in England but might be useful, if valid, in other parts of the world or for other professions.

Objective: We test the construct validity and reliability of the WRQLS as applied to nurses in Singapore.

Methods: A descriptive study was undertaken in 2009 on a sample of 811 nurses at the National University Hospital (NUH) of Singapore who had at least one year’s work experience. The WRQLS was used in order to test its construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to reduce the factors used to determine WRQLS variance. The Pearson’s correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between the WRQLS and the 12-item short form health survey (SF-12) in order to substantiate conclusions regarding construct validity while Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to test WRQLS reliability.

Results: The median age of the respondents was 31 (IQR=12) and the majority were female (96.9%). The median duration of work experience was seven years (IQR=10). Following the exploratory factor analysis, a five-factor model with 22 items was selected, including; 1) job and career satisfaction, 2) general well-being, 3) home-work interface, 4) stress at work, and 5) working conditions. The correlation coefficient showed a moderate relationship between the WRQLS and mental component scale (MCS-12) (r=0.495); and a weak relationship between the WRQLS and physical component scale (PCS-12) (r=0.149). The Cronbach’s alpha revealed good reliability (r=0.92).

Conclusion: The WRQLS test among nurses in Singapore showed good construct validity and reliability. It could be useful in a working environment in Asia but further testing might be warranted.
Vaspin in newly and previously diagnosed Chinese type 2 diabetic females: a case-control study
Authors: Feng Ren-Nan , Wang Cheng , Sun Chang-Hao , Guo Fu-Chuan , Zhao Chen , Li Ying
Published: July 2011

Background: Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) is a novel adipocytokine. Several studies have indicated that vaspin may exert an important role in the development of metabolic disorders.

Objective: Evaluate serum vaspin and its relation to clinical parameters in newly and previously diagnosed Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) females as a case-control study.

Materials and methods: One hundred twenty female participants (newly and previously diagnosed T2DM patients) were recruited from an affiliated hospital of Harbin Medical University. Sixty healthy female volunteers from various communities were included as controls. Anthropometric parameters, serum fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, lipid profile, HbA1c, and vaspin were measured in each participant.

Results: Serum vaspin levels were significantly lower in previously diagnosed T2DM patients (0.51±0.29 ng/mL) than in newly diagnosed T2DM patients (0.62±0.28 ng/mL) and healthy controls (0.69±0.31 ng/mL). However, there was no difference in serum vaspin between newly diagnosed T2DM patients and healthy controls. In multiple linear regression analysis, serum vaspin was significantly and positively associated with HbA1c in both newly and previously diagnosed T2DM patients, negatively associated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in previously diagnosed patients, and positively correlated with age and body mass index in healthy controls.

Conclusion: Serum vaspin was significantly lower in previously diagnosed T2DM patients than in newly diagnosed T2DM patients and healthy controls. Serum vaspin might be a predictor of poor glucose control and insulin resistance in T2DM.
Brief communication (Original). Visual outcome in open globe injuries in Thailand: a prospective study
Authors: Sintuwong Sunisa , Winitchai Ruthairat
Published: July 2011

Background: Eye injuries, especially open globe injuries, cause visual morbidities and socioeconomic burden. It is urgent have good database and stakeholder involvement for open globe injuries.

Objectives: Investigate the epidemiology and predictive factors of visual outcome in open globe injuries in an industrial area in Thailand.

Methods: Consecutive cases of in-patient open globe injuries in Mettapracharak Eye Centre between February 2009 and January 2010 were examined. Patients were interviewed at first visit and followed-up for six months. The Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology was used to classify types of injuries. Demographic data, cost of treatment, length of stay, and predictive factors (initial visual acuity, presence of relative afferent pupillary defect, hyphema, vitreous hemorrhage, intraocular foreign bodies, retinal detachment, time-duration to surgery, and wound length) were assessed.

Results: Fifty-two out of 60 eyes were included. Most (82.7%) of patients were men and average age was 34.1 years (range: 8-68 years). About half (51.9%) graduated from primary school and 65.3% were labourers. Most patients had not used protective devices. The endophthalmitis rate was 13.5%, and panophthalmitis rate was 5.8%. The enucleation rate was 9.6%. The median length of stay was nine days. Poor initial visual acuity and intraocular foreign bodies were significant predictive factors of poor visual outcome (p <0.05).

Conclusion: Open globe injuries caused visual morbidity especially in young adult male, laborers with low education. Initial visual acuity and intraocular foreign bodies were significant predictive factors of poor visual outcome.
Technical report. Accuracy of intensity-modulated radiation therapy dose calculations: verification based on-board conebeam CT imaging
Authors: Tuntipumiamorn Lalida , Iampongpaiboon Porntip , Damrongkijudom Nuanpen , Krongyuth Khummook , Polwatsatian Vinai , Jaikreng Satja
Published: July 2011

Background: Patient’s conebeam computer tomography (CBCT) images have suggested a possibility for adaptive radiotherapy although the dose delivery is of structural complexity. It is of practical importance to verify and test the intensity-modulated radiation (IMRT) planning system for radiation therapy.

Objective: Verify accuracy of dose calculations based on CBCT imaging.

Materials and methods: Electron density calibration curve was generated for planning CT and CBCT data set using two CT phantoms (Gammex RMI® and Catphan® 600). Anthropomorphic head and neck phantom images were acquired from planning CT and CBCT. The routine IMRT technique was generated on the planning CT, which was applied to the CBCT. Dose distributions were computed. All LiF TLD-100 dosimeters were calibrated with gamma-ray. Forty-eight TLD measuring points were chosen in five different slices of the phantom. Measurements were repeated four times, and the average dose was compared to the reading doses on both CT and CBCT plans. Dose volume histograms (DVH) of various structures were generated, and dose statistics were analyzed.

Results: Hounsfield unit obtained from Catphan phantom was similar between planning CT and CBCT. IMRT dose calculations based on the planning CT and CBCT agreed well with reading doses at 48 points. Statistical point doses by DVH calculation on CBCT were about 3% lower than those by the conventional CT. Dose ratios calculated over measured ones ranged from 0.82 to 1.09.

Conclusion: Point doses and DVH calculations based on the planning CT and on-board CBCT were in acceptable agreement. CT phantom specifically designed for CBCT is recommended to improve accuracy of IMRT dose calculation on CBCT images.
Technical report. Left ventricular ejection fraction measurement using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in patients with post-myocardial infarction: assessment of reproducibility by a cardiovascular radiologist and a trained technologist
Authors: Tumkosit Monravee , Detphirattanamongkhol Juthamas , Kuadwongsa Achara , Srimahachota Suphot , Kitsukjit Weeranuch , Wangsuphachart Somjai
Published: July 2011

Background: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has recently been accepted as a preferential method for evaluation left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The LVEF analysis by CMR is usually performed by trained technologists in many institutions of Thailand.

Objective: Assess the reproducibility of LVEF measured by a cardiovascular radiologist and a trained technologist using CMR in patients with post-myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods: Twenty-one MI patients (18 men and 3 women) were recruited, where nine patients underwent CMR and left ventriculography to follow-up LVEF two times in six months. Both CMR and left ventriculography were examined within two weeks. LVEF from CMR were measured by a cardiovascular radiologist and a trained technologist and the correlation between the left ventriculography and CMR was determined.

Results: In 30 CMR studies, interobserver reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ICC=0.94) and intraobserver reliability (ICC=0.96) was excellent. LVEF measured by left ventriculography was higher compared with that by CMR, and their correlation was moderate (ICC=0.56).

Conclusion: The LVEF measurement by a cardiovascular radiologist and a trained technologist using CMR was very reproducible, but the correlation between CMR and left ventriculography was moderate.
Fault detection for nonlinear networked systems with random packet dropout and probabilistic interval delay
Authors: Zhang Yong , Fang Huajing
Published: July 2011

In this paper, the fault detection (FD) problem of nonlinear networked control systems (NCSs) is investigated. A nonlinear stochastic systems model is proposed to account for the NCSs with network‐induced random packet dropout and non‐uniformly distributed time‐varying delay in both from sensor to controller and from controller to actuator. On the basis of the new model, by employing FD filter as residual generator, the addressed FD problem is converted into auxiliary nonlinear H ∞  filtering problem. Then, with the help of Lyapunov functional approach, a sufficient condition for the desired FD filter is constructed in terms of certain linear matrix inequalities, which depends on not only nonlinear level but also delay interval occurrence rate and successful joint packet transmission rate. Especially, a trade‐off phenomenon among maximum allowable delay bound, nonlinear level, and successful joint packet transmission rate is found, which typically resulted from the limited bandwidth of the communication networks. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is demonstrated by simulation examples. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bias compensation‐based parameter estimation for output error moving average systems
Authors: Ding Jie , Ding Feng
Published: July 2011

Identification problems of output error models with moving average noises are considered in this paper. The least‐squares‐based parameter estimation is biased under the colored noises in outputs. Firstly, a bias compensation term is formulated to achieve the bias‐eliminated estimates of the system parameters. Secondly, the bias compensation term is determined by the unknown variance of the noise and the unknown noise model, thus based on the hierarchical identification principle, an unbiased parameter estimation is obtained by interactively estimating noise variance and noise parameters. Finally, the estimated bias compensation term is added to the biased parameter estimates. The simulation examples confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calcite Reinforced Silica–Silica Joints in the Biocomposite Skeleton of Deep‐Sea Glass Sponges
Authors: Ehrlich Hermann , Brunner Eike , Simon Paul , Bazhenov Vasily V. , Botting Joseph P. , Tabachnick Kontantin R. , Springer Armin , Kummer Kurt , Vyalikh Denis V. , Molodtsov Serguei L. , Kurek Denis , Kammer Martin , Born René , Kovalev Alexander , Gorb Stanislav N. , Koutsoukos Petros G. , Summers Adam
Published: July 2011

The hierarchically structured glass sponge Caulophacus species uses the first known example of a silica and calcite biocomposite to join the spicules of its skeleton together. In the stalk and body skeleton of this poorly known deep‐sea glass sponge siliceous spicules are modified by the addition of conical calcite seeds, which then form the basis for further silica secretion to form a spinose region. Spinose regions on adjacent spicules are then joined by siliceous crosslinks, leading to unusually strong cross‐spicule linkages. In addition to the biomaterials implications it is now clear, from this first record of a biomineral other than silica, that the hexactinellid sponges are capable of synthesizing calcite, the ancestral skeletal material. We propose that, while the low concentrations of calcium in deep sea waters drove the evolution of silica skeletons, the brittleness of silica has led to retention of the more resilient calcite in very low concentrations at the skeletal joints.
Molecular mechanisms responsible for the structural changes occurring during geopolymerization: Multiscale simulation
Authors: White Claire E. , Provis John L. , Proffen Thomas , van Deventer Jannie S. J.
Published: July 2011

To date, the fundamental details of the molecular structural changes and associated mechanisms, which take place during the formation of aluminosilicate geopolymer gels, have remained largely elusive. Here, density functional theory‐based coarse‐grained Monte Carlo modeling, a multiscale simulation technique, is used to simulate the geopolymerization reaction and to determine the molecular mechanisms controlling this process. Silica supplied by the alkaline solution plays a significant role in enhancing the dissolution of the solid aluminosilicate precursor (metakaolin, in this case) and the polymerization of the gel. In the reaction between NaOH and metakaolin, in the absence of initially dissolved silica, the solid precursor completely dissolves and the aluminosilicate gel forms via the percolation of small aluminosilicate clusters. On the other hand, in the presence of dissolved silicate, the metakaolin only partially dissolves, as the aluminosilicate gel precipitates on the surfaces of the metakaolin particle after a period of time. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Synthesis and characterization of chlorine‐containing flame‐retardant polyurethane nanocomposites via in situ polymerization
Authors: Aslzadeh M. Mohammadi , Mir Mohamad Sadeghi G. , Abdouss M.
Published: July 2011

We have developed flame‐retardant polyurethanes (FRPUs) and polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites via in situ polymerization. Three series of thermoplastic elastomeric PUs were synthesized to investigate the effect of incorporating 3‐chloro‐1,2‐propanediol (CPD) and nanoclay on mechanical, thermal properties, and also resistance to burning. PU soft segments were based on poly(propylene glycol). Hard segments were based on either CPD or 1,4‐buthane diol (BDO) in combination with methyl phenyl di‐isocyanate named PU or FRPU, respectively. In the third series, CPD was used as chain extender also nanoclay (1% wt) and incorporated and named as flame‐retardant polyurethane nanocomposites (FRPUN). Mechanical properties and LOI of PUs and nanocomposites have been evaluated. Results showed that increasing the hard segment (chlorine content) leads to the increase in flame retardancy and burning time. Addition of nanoclay to CPD‐containing PUs leads to obtain self‐extinguish PUs using lower CPD contents, higher Young's modulus, and strength without any noticeable decrease in elongation at break. Investigation of the TGA results showed that copresence of nanoclay and chlorine structure in the PU backbone can change thermal degradation pattern and improve nanocomposite thermal stability. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies confirmed that exfoliation and intercalation have been well done. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis, characterization, and fluorescence properties of lanthanide complexes with the copolymers of 2‐butenedioic acid (z)‐mono‐ethyl ester and styrene
Authors: Hou Li‐Ping , Su Yi‐Bing , Yang Ying , Gao Ya‐Ping
Published: July 2011

In this study, the luminescent macromolecular lanthanide complexes with the copolymers of styrene (St) and 2‐butenedioic acid (z)‐mono‐ethyl ester (BAME) have been synthesized, and an extensive characterization has been carried out by means of elemental analysis, FTIR, thermal analysis, and fluorescence determination. The results showed that the carboxylic groups on the chain of the polymers acted as bidentate ligands coordinated to lanthanide ions; and the coordination degree of ‐COO−/Ln3+ in the macromolecular complexes was closely dependent on both the pH value of the solution and the molar ratio of St to BAME in the polymeric ligands. Thermal analysis manifested that the macromolecular complexes Ln‐PSt/BAME (Ln = Y, Sm, Dy, Eu, and Tb) were highly crosslinked and had high thermal stability and solvent resistance. The fluorescence determination indicated that Ln‐PSt/BAME complexes could emit characteristic fluorescence with comparatively high brightness and good monochromaticity, and the fluorescence intensity increased with an increasing of lanthanide content. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of phase separation on spherulitic growth rate of PP/EPR in‐reactor alloys
Authors: Liu Yi‐Min , Li Ying , Xu Jun‐Ting , Fu Zhi‐Sheng , Fan Zhi‐Qiang
Published: July 2011

In this work, the effect of phase separation on the spherulitic growth rate of a polypropylene/ethylene–propylene random (PP/EPR) copolymer in‐reactor alloy was investigated. The PP/EPR in‐reactor alloy was either directly quenched from homogeneous melt to crystallization temperature or held at various temperatures for phase separation prior to crystallization. It is found that at lower crystallization temperatures previous phase separation in the melt retards the crystallization rate. The higher the phase separation rate, the smaller the spherulitic growth rate. This can be attributed to faster crystallization rate than the rate of secondary phase separation. The composition of the PP‐rich phase and corresponding depression of the equilibrium melting temperature of PP vary with phase separation temperature. On the other hand, at higher crystallization temperature, previous phase separation in the melt has little effect on the spherulitic growth rate because secondary phase separation can take place prior to crystallization. The transition temperature from regime II to regime III also shifts to lower temperature as the phase separation temperature increases. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Free‐radical homo‐ and copolymerization of vinyl acetate and n‐butyl acrylate: Kinetic studies by online 1H NMR kinetic experiments
Authors: Abdollahi Mahdi , Massoumi Bakhshali , Yousefi Mohammad Reza , Ziaee Farshid
Published: July 2011

Free‐radical homo‐ and copolymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) and n‐butyl acrylate (BA) in benzene‐d6 were performed by using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator at 70°C. Polymerization kinetic was followed by online 1H NMR kinetic experiments. Significant drift in the comonomer mixture composition with reaction progress was observed. Reactivity ratios of VAc and BA were calculated by terminal unit model (TUM) as well as by simplified penultimate unit model (PUM) with rVAc = 0. It was found that copolymer composition can be described well by the TUM. “Lumped” kinetic parameter (
$ k_p .k_t^{ - 0.5} $) was estimated from experimental data. A good fitting between the theoretical and experimental drifts in the comonomer mixture and copolymer compositions with reaction progress was observed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Masterbatch production of polyamide 6‐clay compounds via continuous in situ polymerization from caprolactam and layered silicates
Authors: Rothe Bernd , Kluenker Eike , Michaeli Walter
Published: July 2011

Mechanical properties of thermoplastic polymers can be improved by incorporation of nanoscaled layered silicates. To achieve a significant improvement, the silicates have to be well exfoliated within the polymer matrix. However, it is not always possible to produce exfoliated nanocompounds with the standard procedure of melt compounding. As an alternative to melt compounding, an in situ process for the production of polyamide 6‐nanocompounds is investigated. During the in situ production, the layered silicates are dispersed in the monomer caprolactam prior to the step of polymerization in a twin‐screw extruder, leading to an intercalation of the silicate filler. The production of a polyamide compound containing 0, 2, and 4 wt % nanoscaled silicates was successful. Young's modulus was increased by ∼ 30–60%. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Chemical modification of hemp fibers by silane coupling agents
Authors: Rachini Ali , Le Troedec Marianne , Peyratout Claire , Smith Agnès
Published: July 2011

Natural hemp fibers were chemically modified using silane coupling agents to reduce their hydrophilic character. The existence of a chemical bond between coupling agents and hemp fibers was confirmed by ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy, 29Si Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and BET surface area measurements. It was shown that the initial concentration and the chemical structure of the organosilane coupling agent have an effect on the grafted quantity on the hemp fiber surfaces. The grafted quantity increased proportionally to the initial concentration of silane molecules. The presence of polar amino end group (NH2) in silane structure can cause an increase in the grafted quantity, compared with results obtained in the case of silane molecules containing methacryloxy groups. This effect is attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds between NH2 and unreacted hydroxyl groups of hemp fibers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Anatomy of thyroid and parathyroid glands and neurovascular relations
Authors: Mohebati A. , Shaha A.R.
Published: July 2011

Historically, thyroid surgery has been fraught with complications. Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal nerve, or the parathyroid glands may result in profound life‐long consequences for the patient. To minimize the morbidity of the operation, a surgeon must have an in‐depth understanding of the anatomy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands and be able to apply this information to perform a safe and effective operation. This article will review the pertinent anatomy and embryology of the thyroid and parathyroid glands and the critical structures that lie in their proximity. This information should aid the surgeon in appropriate identification and preservation of the function of these structures and to avoid the pitfalls of the operation. Clin. Anat. 25:19–31, 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomy's use of unclaimed bodies
Authors: Jones D. Gareth , Whitaker Maja I.
Published: July 2011

The use of unclaimed bodies has been one of the distinguishing features of the anatomy profession since the passing of nineteenth century legislation aimed at solving the problem of grave robbing. Only in more recent years has the use of bequeathed bodies supplanted dependence upon unclaimed bodies in many (but not all) countries. We argue that this dependence has opened the profession to a range of questionable ethical practices. Starting with contraventions of the early Anatomy Acts, we trace the manner in which the legitimacy of using unclaimed bodies has exposed vulnerable groups to dissection without their consent. These groups have included the impoverished, the mentally ill, African Americans, slaves, and stigmatized groups during the Nazi era. Unfortunately, ethical constraints have not been imposed on the use of unclaimed bodies. The major public plastination exhibitions of recent years invite us to revisit these issues, even though some likeBody Worldsclaim to use bequeathed bodies. The widespread use of unclaimed bodies in institutional settings has lent to these public exhibitions a modicum of legitimacy that is needed even when donated bodies are employed. This is because the notion of donation has changed as demonstrated by consideration of the principles of beneficence and non‐maleficence. We conclude that anatomists should cease using unclaimed bodies. Difficult as this will be in some cultures, the challenge for anatomists is to establish relationships of trust with their local communities and show how body donation can assist both the community and the profession. Clin. Anat. 25:246–254, 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gross anatomical study of the human palatopharyngeus muscle throughout its entire course from origin to insertion
Authors: Sumida Kaori , Yamashita Kikuji , Kitamura Seiichiro
Published: July 2011

The palatopharyngeus (PP) extends throughout the entire length of the pharynx and probably plays an important role in deglutition, but its spatial distribution remains undefined in some respects. This study was designed to clarify the exact distribution of the PP indispensable for understanding its functions. Using 50 cadavers, the PP and its neighboring muscles were bilaterally exposed in both surfaces of the pharynx. The PP was composed of two divisions: longitudinal and transverse. It is already known that the longitudinal PP is divided into two fasciculi sandwiching the levator veli palatini (LVP) immediately after originating from the palatine aponeurosis. However, we newly discovered a fasciculus originating from the uvula, and further regarded the salpingopharyngeus as another fasciculus of origin. The four fasciculi united to descend through the palatopharyngeal arch and inserted into the thyroid cartilage and beneath the mucosa of the hypopharynx. The transverse PP occupied a location transitional between the PP and superior constrictor (SC), where it originated from the palatine aponeurosis and passed dorsally to encircle the pharyngeal isthmus and reach the pharyngeal raphe. Although whether it belongs to the PP or SC has remained controversial, we regarded it as a portion of the PP from the evolutionary perspective and proposed anatomical criteria for differentiating it from the SC. The wide distribution of the PP suggests that it acts not only to elevate the pharynx or depress the soft palate, but also as a nasopharyngeal sphincter when closing the pharyngeal isthmus. Clin. Anat. 25:314–323, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Indications of Resilience Factors in Families Who have Lost a Home in a Shack Fire
Authors: Greeff Abraham P , Lawrence Jennilee
Published: July 2011

The aim of this study was to explore the presence of resilience factors in families living in an informal settlement on the outskirts of a rural town that have lost their homes in a shack fire. A mixed methods research design was utilised. Qualitative data were obtained through responses to an open‐ended question, and quantitative data were obtained through the completion of questionnaires by an adult representative of each of the 38 African families that were identified through convenience sampling. To identify resilience factors, content analyses (on the qualitative data) were performed and Spearman correlations (for the quantitative data) were calculated. The results show that supportive communication, a sense of being in control and having internal strengths and dependability, while working together as a family, are vital to the resilience of the families that took part in this study. Furthermore, material support from the municipality and extended family, shelter provided by members of the extended family, and financial support from the extended family were also indicated as essential in overcoming the crisis and being resilient. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ACC/AHA classification of coronary lesions reflects medical resource use in current percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Sakakura Kenichi , Ako Junya , Wada Hiroshi , Kubo Norifumi , Momomura Shin‐ichi
Published: July 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between ACC/AHA type classification of coronary lesions and medical resource utilization. Background: It is not known whether the classification of coronary lesions by the ACC/AHA system reflects the consumption of medical resources in current percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Methods: We identified coronary artery lesions treated with PCI from our PCI database between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2009. Lesions were classified into type A, type B1, type B2, and type C according to the ACC/AHA definition. Total PCI cost, total contrast volume, and total fluoroscopy time were compared among the groups. Results: A total of 447 lesions were analyzed. The number of type A, type B1, type B2, and type C lesion were 75 (16.8%), 98 (21.9%), 145 (32.4%), and 129 (28.9%), respectively. Total PCI cost for type A, type B1, type B2, and type C lesions were $7,262 ± 1,397, $8,126 ± 1,891, $9,126 ± 3,128, and $13,243 ± 4,678, respectively (P < 0.0001). Total contrast volume and fluoroscopy time were also stratified according to the order of type A, type B1, type B2, and type C lesions (P < 0.0001 for total contrast volume; P < 0.0001 for total fluoroscopy time). Conclusions: Total PCI cost, total contrast volume, and total fluoroscopy time were clearly stratified according to the order of type A, type B1, type B2, and type C lesions. Lesion classification by the ACC/AHA system reflects medical resource use in current PCI. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Casting Solution on Morphology and Performance of PVDF Microfiltration Membranes
Authors: Madaeni S. S. , Taheri A. H.
Published: July 2011

The effects of preparation‐influencing parameters such as polymer concentration, thickness of casting solution, and type of solvent on morphology and performance of poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) microfiltration membranes for the treatment of emulsified oily wastewater were investigated. Flat‐sheet membranes were prepared from a casting solution of polymer and additive in various solvents by immersing the prepared films in nonsolvent‐containing mixtures of water and 2‐propanol. The membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Increasing the polymer concentration and membrane thickness significantly affected the pore size, leading to permeate flux decrease. An attempt was made to correlate the effect of the solvent on membrane morphology and performance employing solubility parameters between solvent and nonsolvent).
Oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons using Partially Purified Laccase from Residual Compost of Agaricus bisporus
Authors: Mayolo‐Deloisa K. , Machín‐Ramírez C. , Rito‐Palomares M. , Trejo‐Hernández M. R.
Published: July 2011

Laccase partially purified from residual compost of Agaricus bisporus by an aqueous two‐phase system (Lac ATPS) was used in degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: fluorene (Flu), phenanthrene (Phe), anthracene (Ant), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and benzo[a]anthracene (BaA). The capacity of the enzyme to oxidize polyaromatic compounds was compared to that of the crude laccase extract (CE). After treatment of 72 h, Lac ATPS and CE were not capable of oxidizing Flu and Phe, while Ant, BaP, and BaA were oxidized, resulting in percentages of oxidation of 11.2 ± 1, 26 ± 2, and 11.7 ± 4 % with CE, respectively. When Lac ATPS was used, the following percentages of oxidation were obtained: 11.4 ± 3 % for Ant, 34 ± 0.1 % for BaP, and 13.6 ± 2 % for BaA. The results reported here demonstrate the potential application of Lac ATPS for the oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Induction Time in Crystallization Fouling on Heat Transfer Surfaces
Authors: Geddert T. , Augustin W. , Scholl S.
Published: July 2011

This work deals with the induction period in crystallization fouling on heat transfer surfaces. While the crystal growth period can be calculated, the influencing effects in the initial stage of crystallization fouling are not fully understood and quantified so far. To identify the factors influencing the induction time, experiments with calcium sulfate were performed on modified surfaces. As surface parameters the free surface energy, roughness and topography were determined by drop shape analysis and/or AFM. The visual information by microscopic studies with a SEM shows different behavior in the initial stage of crystallization on modified surfaces at constant process conditions. These microscopic findings could be verified with induction times of fouling experiments, leading to a prediction of the induction time based on surface parameters and supersaturation of the salt solution.
Static Formation and Dissociation of Methane+Methylcyclohexane Hydrate for Gas Hydrate Production and Regasification
Authors: He S. , Liang D. , Li D. , Ma L.
Published: July 2011

The formation and decomposition of methane+methylcyclohexane (MCH) hydrate in a static batch reactor, which was also designed as a high‐pressure microwave reactor, were investigated. The addition of 300 ppm sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) provides continuous formation of CH4+MCH hydrate under static conditions. Increasing the initial pressure within the narrow range of 2.7 to 4.6 MPa at 274 K enhances the formation rate by even several times. The gas storage capacity can be largely improved with partial coexisting of sI CH4 hydrate. Unlike a stirred formation, an increase of nonaqueous MCH inhibits the static formation of sH hydrate. The following regasification by 2.45 GHz microwave heating indicates that the dissociation is rate‐controlled by the parallel connection of efficient internal heating and conventional external heating. The multiphase convection characterized by osmotic dehydration and driven by intensified regasification is considered as the dominant mechanism affecting the quiescent dissociation.
Flow Field Analysis of Stirred Liquid‐Liquid Systems in Slim Reactors
Authors: Maaß S. , Eppinger T. , Altwasser S. , Rehm T. , Kraume M.
Published: July 2011

Previous studies have shown the great potential, but also the great challenges, in handling slim reactors often used for polymerization reactions. Experiments and simulations were carried out in reactors with aspect‐to‐diameter ratios of up to 5, to test and to evaluate the mixing and dispersion efficiency for liquid‐liquid systems of single‐ and multiple‐stage impellers. Therefore, power consumption, mixing time and minimum dispersion speed were determined for five different stirrer types under turbulent conditions. It was found that the dimensionless mixing time is highly sensitive to the configuration of the impellers, with almost no dependency on the turbulent power number. Another focus was the analysis of the effect of the baffles. The influence of the baffle length in slim reactors on the mixing time and the macroscopic flow field was determined.
Heat and Mass Flow Control in an Interconnected Multiphase CFD Model for Chemical Looping Combustion
Authors: Kruggel‐Emden H. , Scherer V.
Published: July 2011

Chemical looping combustion is a feasible option for carbon capture from fossil fuels. Within the process, the oxygen necessary for combustion is provided by a solid carrier material which alternately undergoes oxidation and reduction reactions. Features of the process are that the oxidation reaction of the particulate carrier in the air reactor is strongly exothermic and that the conversion of both oxidation and reduction reactions has to be in balance for stable operation. Simulations of the transient behavior of chemical looping combustion systems are possible through multiphase CFD. To allow for the modeling of chemical looping at steady state, cooling of the reactors and mass flow between fuel and air reactor must be adequately adjusted. Therefore, an interconnected multiphase CFD model was extended by an adjustment control. In this extended modeling framework variations of the operational load, control set points and carrier materials were performed. These simulations allow detailed insight into the dynamic behavior of chemical looping systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Growth and Structure Redetermination of a Nonlinear BaAlBO3F2 Crystal.
Authors: Hu Zhanggui , Yue Yinchao , Chen Xuean , Yao Jiyong , Wang Jianuo , Lin Zheshuai
Published: July 2011

High quality crystals of the title compound with sizes up to 50 x 40 x 25 mm3 are prepared by the middle‐seeded solution growth technique from LiF—B2O3—NaF flux using BaF2, H3BO3, Al2O3, LiF, and NaF as starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: [3 + 2] Cycloadditions of Aryl Cyclopropyl Ketones by Visible Light Photocatalysis.
Authors: Lu Zhan , Shen Meihua , Yoon Tehshik P.
Published: July 2011

The reaction proceeds via an intermediary, non‐stereogenic ring‐opened distonic radical anion.
ChemInform Abstract: Olefin Metathesis Featuring Ruthenium Indenylidene Complexes with a Sterically Demanding NHC Ligand.
Authors: Urbina‐Blanco Cesar A. , Leitgeb Anita , Slugovc Christian , Bantreil Xavier , Clavier Herve , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Nolan Steven P.
Published: July 2011

Two new ruthenium indenylidene complexes (I) are prepared and characterized.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Phosphine‐Free Heck Reaction in Water Using Pd(L‐Proline)2 as the Catalyst under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Allam Bharat Kumar , Singh Krishna Nand
Published: July 2011

The air‐stable complex allows the transformation of a broad spectrum of halides and alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild Oxidative Aryl Radical Addition into Alkenes by Aerobic Oxidation of Arylhydrazines.
Authors: Taniguchi Tsuyoshi , Zaimoku Hisaaki , Ishibashi Hiroyuki
Published: July 2011

An efficient oxyarylation of terminal and internal olefins by oxidative radical addition is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐Carboxymethyl‐2‐(4‐methylthiophenyl)‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolan‐4‐one: Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Enantioselective Reduction of Ketones.
Authors: Gorska Agnieszka , Hajmowicz Halina , Klis Tomasz , Serwatowski Janusz , Synoradzki Ludwik
Published: July 2011

A general way to synthesize (acyloxy)boronates from malic acid is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Transformation of Aromatic Bromides into Aromatic Nitriles via Formations of Grignard Reagents and Their DMF Adducts.
Authors: Ishii Genki , Moriyama Katsuhiko , Togo Hideo
Published: July 2011

A broad spectrum of aromatic bromides and some aliphatic ones can be easily transformed to the nitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization of Microwave‐Assisted Catalytic Activity of Novel Benzimidazole Salts Bearing Piperidine and Morpholine Moieties in Heck Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Kuecuekbay Hasan , Sireci Nihat , Yilmaz Uelkue , Akkurt Mehmet , Yalcin Serife Pinar , Tahir M. Nawaz , Ott Holger
Published: July 2011

The use of palladium catalyst systems including novel benzimidazole salts (I) gives better yields and very short reaction times compared with those given in the literature.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral P‐Containing Palladacycle‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring‐Opening Reactions of Oxabicyclic Alkenes with Alkenyl Boronic Acids.
Authors: Huang Xiao‐Jun , Mo Dong‐Liang , Ding Chang‐Hua , Hou Xue‐Long
Published: July 2011

A wide range of oxabicyclic alkenes (I), (IV), and (VI) and alkenyl boronic acids (II) are suitable substrates for the palladacycle‐catalyzed asymmetric ring‐opening reaction to afford the corresponding products in good to very good yields and moderate to very good enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of trans‐Trifluoromethyl‐β‐lactams and α‐Alkyl‐β‐trifluoromethyl‐β‐amino Esters.
Authors: Petrik Vitaliy , Roeschenthaler Gerd‐Volker , Cahard Dominique
Published: July 2011

The advantage of this protocol over existing methods is the use of an α‐chloroamine (prepared in situ), instead of an imine, to react with the acid chloride.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric One‐Pot Four‐Component Coupling Reaction: Synthesis of Substituted Tetrahydropyrans Catalyzed by Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether.
Authors: Ishikawa Hayato , Sawano Satoshi , Yasui Yusuke , Shibata Yusuke , Hayashi Yujiro
Published: July 2011

Substituted tetrahydropyrans are synthesized with excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Pyrano[3,2‐e]indoles via the Base‐Promoted Pictet—Sprengler Reaction of Nb‐Benzylserotonin.
Authors: Yamada Koji , Yamaguchi Sayaka , Hatae Noriyuki , Abe Takumi , Iwamura Tatsunori , Ishikura Minoru
Published: July 2011

The reaction of compound (I) and acrolein under the conditions A) or Et3N / MeOH / 25° C to the desired product fails.
ChemInform Abstract: Isomerization of Perfluoro‐3,3‐diethylindan‐1‐one into Perfluoro‐1,3‐dimethyl‐4‐ethyl‐1H‐isochromen under the Action of Antimony Pentafluoride.
Authors: Zonov Ya. V. , Karpov V. M. , Platonov V. E.
Published: July 2011

Compound (II) is actually isolated together with unreacted starting material (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Xanthone and Benzophenone Glycosides from the Stems of Cratoxylum formosum ssp. pruniflorum
Authors: Duan Ying‐hui , Dai Yi , Wang Guang‐hui , Chen Hai‐feng , Gao Hao , Chen Jie‐bo , Yao Xin‐sheng , Zhang Xiao‐kun
Published: July 2011

isolation, structure determination and retinoid X receptor transcriptional activities of two new xanthone glycosides, pruniflorosides A and B (I), a new benzophenone glycoside, prunifloroside C (II) and a new xanthone, pruniflorone S (III)
ChemInform Abstract: Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 Using H2 as Reductant over Solid Base Photocatalysts
Authors: Teramura Kentaro , Tanaka Tsunehiro
Published: July 2011

Review: 20 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Crystal Structure and Photoluminescence of Garnet‐Type Calcium Tin Titanium Aluminates.
Authors: Yamane Hisanori , Kawano Tetsuya
Published: July 2011

Colorless, transparent single crystals of Ca3Sn2.2Ti0.8Al2O12 are prepared from a mixture of CaCO3, SnO2, TiO2, and α‐Al2O3 in an atomic ratio of Ca:Sn:Ti:Al = 5:1:1:5 (1550 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: New Real Ternary and Pseudoternary Phases in Li—Au—In System.
Authors: Dmytriv G. S. , Pavlyuk V. V. , Pauly H. , Eckert J. , Ehrenberg H.
Published: July 2011

The analogy of the title system and the Li—Ag—In system is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Vanadium Fluoroarsenates — Folding Sheets into Highly Corrugated Layers and Crystalline Arrays of Large Inorganic Tubes.
Authors: Kotsapa Eleni , Weller Mark T.
Published: July 2011

Compound (III) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ with Z = 2.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Extended Architectures Formed by Anderson‐Type Polyoxometalates and Zr4+/Ce3+—1,2‐Diaminoethanetetraacetate Complexes.
Authors: Zhang Chun‐Hua , Zhang Chun‐Jing , Chen Ya‐Guang
Published: July 2011

Compounds (III) and (V) crystallize in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ with Z = 1 and Z = 2, respectively (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Role of SrMoO4 in Sr2MgMoO6 Synthesis.
Authors: Vasala S. , Yamauchi H. , Karppinen M.
Published: July 2011

The solid state synthesis of the promising solid oxide fuel cell anode material Sr2MgMoO6 from stoichiometric mixtures of SrCO3, MgO and MoO3 at 600—900 °C for 12 h is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Hydrazide Type Organocatalyst for Enantioselective Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Suzuki Ichiro , Ando Masafumi , Shimabara Rumiko , Hirata Ai , Takeda Kei
Published: July 2011

A new class of hydrazide‐type organocatalyst is successfully applied in asymmetric Diels—Alder cycloadditions of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes (II) and (V) towards cyclopentadiene.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Dienes and Dienophiles. Part 8. Highly Functionalized, Angularly Anellated Aromatic Compounds from Dendralenes.
Authors: Hopf Henning , Yildizhan Seref
Published: July 2011

Cross‐conjugated oligoenes [3]dendralene (I) or [4]dendralene (XI) undergo diene‐transmissive Diels—Alder reactions with acetylenedicarboxylate (II) to give cycloadducts which are further elaborated to afford the desired polycycles (X) and (XIV).
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropenylylidene‐Stabilized Diaryl and Dialkyl Phosphenium Cations: Applications in Homogeneous Gold Catalysis.
Authors: Petuskova Jekaterina , Bruns Hans , Alcarazo Manuel
Published: July 2011

The new catalyst can be used for several gold(I)‐promoted processes as it exhibits the electron richness of classical trialkyl and triaryl phosphines.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Semihydrogenation of Dienes.
Authors: Graham Thomas J. A. , Poole Thomas H. , Reese Charles N. , Goess Brian C.
Published: July 2011

Replacement of the final dehydroboration step by H2O2‐mediated oxidation allows regioselective formation of primary alcohols such as (XIII), (XV), and (XVII).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Cyclopropanes with Potassium Dihaloiodates.
Authors: Zyk N. V. , Gavrilova A. Yu. , Bondarenko O. B. , Mukhina O. A. , Tikhanushkina V. N.
Published: July 2011

The iodohalogenation of arylcyclopropanes (I) leads to a mixture of dihalogenated products (II) and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Stannylated Allyl Carbonates as Versatile Building Blocks for the Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Allylic Amines and Amides.
Authors: Bukovec Christian , Kazmaier Uli
Published: July 2011

α‐Stannylated allylic carbonates (I) smoothly undergo Pd‐catalyzed amination to give the corresponding stannylated allylic amines (III), which are suitable substrates for Pd‐catalyzed Stille coupling reactions [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Construction of Quaternary Stereogenic Centers from Tertiary Boronic Esters: Methodology and Applications.
Authors: Sonawane Ravindra P. , Jheengut Vishal , Rabalakos Constantinos , Larouche‐Gauthier Robin , Scott Helen K. , Aggarwal Varinder K.
Published: July 2011

Tertiary boronic esters are successfully converted into the homologated alcohols (III) under standard Matteson conditions with complete retention of configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of CH3 Substituents in Tetrahydropyrimidin‐2‐ylidene: σ‐Donating Properties and in situ Catalytic Activities of Precursor Salts/Pd(OAc)2 System for C—C Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Mercan Deniz , Cetinkaya Engin , Cetinkaya Bekir
Published: July 2011

Symmetrical (I) and unsymmetrical 1,3‐dialkyltetrahydropyrimidinium salts containing two methyl groups at position 5 (II) are prepared and studied in model Heck—Mizoroki and Suzuki cross coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Diynes Synthesis by Homo‐Coupling of Terminal Alkynes Using a Pd(PPh3)4/Ag2O Simple Catalyst System.
Authors: Feng Xiujuan , Zhao Ziran , Yang Fan , Jin Tienan , Ma Yongjie , Bao Ming
Published: July 2011

Amine‐ and copper‐free Pd‐catalyzed homocoupling of terminal alkynes proceeds efficiently in the presence of silver oxide, which serves as both promoter and oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Reaction in the Chemistry of Organoaluminum Compounds.
Authors: Ishmuratov G. Yu. , Vydrina V. A. , Yakovleva M. P. , Valeeva E. F. , Muslukhov R. R. , Tolstikov G. A.
Published: July 2011

O‐isobutyl derivatives (III) and (V) are obtained by low temperature treatment of corresponding lactones (I) and (IV) with iBu2AlH.
ChemInform Abstract: 3,4‐Dihalo‐2(5)‐furanones: A Novel Oxidant for the Glaser Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Li Jian‐Xiao , Liang Hao‐Ran , Wang Zhao‐Yang , Fu Jian‐Hua
Published: July 2011

The new variant of the Glaser coupling provides easy and efficient access to alkyl and aryl‐substituted 1,3‐diyne compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Insertion of Halocarbenoids and Lithium Acetylides into Zirconacycles: A Novel Rearrangement to Zirconium Alkenylidenates by β‐Addition to an Alkynyl Zirconocene.
Authors: Stec Jozef , Thomas Emma , Dixon Sally , Whitby Richard J.
Published: July 2011

Zirconocene complexes are used in the present one‐pot three‐component synthesis of carbocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of a Metathesis Reaction in the Synthesis of Sterically Congested Medium‐Sized Rings. A Direct Ring Closing versus a Double Bond Migration—Ring Closing Process.
Authors: Michalak Michal , Wicha Jerzy
Published: July 2011

Sterically congested trans‐cycloalkylidene‐tethered 1,9‐dienes can undergo either direct RCM reaction or a double bond migration—RCM domino reaction in the presence of Grubbs′ second generation catalyst.