bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Kinematics of Functional Ankle Instability Patients and Lateral Ankle Sprain Copers During Stair Descent
Authors: Cao Shengxuan , Wang Chen , Ma Xin , Wang Xu , Huang Jiazhang , Zhang Chao , Chen Li , Geng Xiang , Wang Kan
Published: April 2019

Patients with mechanic ankle instability experience increased tibiotalar and subtalar joint laxity. However, in vivo joint kinematics in functional ankle instability (FAI) patients and lateral ankle sprain (LAS) copers, especially during dynamic activities, are poorly understood. Ten FAI patients, 10 LAS copers, and 10 healthy controls were included in this study. A dual fluoroscopic imaging system was used to analyze the tibiotalar and subtalar joint kinematics during stair descent. Five key poses of stair descent were analyzed. Kinematic data from six degrees of freedom were calculated utilizing a solid modeling software. The range of motion and joint positions in each degree of freedom were compared among the three groups. The tibiotalar joints of FAI patients and LAS copers were significantly more inverted than those of healthy controls during the foot strike (p = 0.016,  = 0.264). The subtalar joints of FAI patients were significantly more anteriorly translated (pose 2, p = 0.003,  = 0.352; pose 3, p < 0.001,  = 0.454; pose 4, p = 0.004,  = 0.334), inverted (pose 4, p = 0.027,  = 0.234; pose 5,p = 0.034,  = 0.221), and externally rotated (pose 4, p = 0.037,  = 0.217; pose 5; p = 0.004,  = 0.331) than those of healthy controls during the mid‐stance and the heel off. The FAI patients showed excessive tibiotalar inversion and subtalar joint hypermobility during stair descent. Meanwhile, the LAS copers maintained subtalar joint stability, and only showed excessive tibiotalar inversion in foot strike. These data provide insight into the mechanisms behind the development of FAI after initial LAS. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1860–1867, 2019
Designer Stem Cells: Genome Engineering and the Next Generation of Cell‐Based Therapies
Authors: Guilak Farshid , Pferdehirt Lara , Ross Alison K. , Choi Yun‐Rak , Collins KelseyH , Nims Robert J. , Katz Dakota B. , Klimak Molly , Tabbaa Suzanne , Pham Christine T. N.
Published: April 2019

Stem cells provide tremendous promise for the development of new therapeutic approaches for musculoskeletal conditions. In addition to their multipotency, certain types of stem cells exhibit immunomodulatory effects that can mitigate inflammation and enhance tissue repair. However, the translation of stem cell therapies to clinical practice has proven difficult due to challenges in intradonor and interdonor variability, engraftment, variability in recipient microenvironment and patient indications, and limited therapeutic biological activity. In this regard, the success of stem cell‐based therapies may benefit from cellular engineering approaches to enhance factors such as purification, homing and cell survival, trophic effects, or immunomodulatory signaling. By combining recent advances in gene editing, synthetic biology, and tissue engineering, the potential exists to create new classes of “designer” cells that have prescribed cell‐surface molecules and receptors as well as synthetic gene circuits that provide for autoregulated drug delivery or enhanced tissue repair. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1287–1293, 2019.
Knee Abduction and Internal Rotation Moments Increase ACL Force During Landing Through the Posterior Slope of the Tibia
Authors: Navacchia Alessandro , Bates Nathaniel A , Schilaty Nathan D , Krych Aaron J , Hewett Timothy E
Published: April 2019

The mechanism underlying non‐contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is multi‐factorial and still an object of debate. Computational models, in combination with in vivo and cadaveric studies, can provide valuable insight into the contribution of the different factors involved. The goal of this study was to validate four knee finite element models (two males and two females) to kinematic and strain data collected in vitro with an impact‐driven simulator and use them to assess how secondary external knee loads (knee abduction moment [KAM], anterior shear force, and internal rotation torque [ITR]) affect tibiofemoral contact forces and ACL force during impact. Four subject‐specific knee models were developed from specimen computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Patellofemoral and tibiofemoral ligament properties were calibrated to match experimentally measured kinematics and ligament strain. Average root mean square errors and correlations between experimental and model‐predicted knee kinematics were below 1.5 mm and 2°, and above 0.75, respectively. Similar errors and correlations were obtained for ACL strain (< 2% and > 0.9). Model‐predicted ACL forces were highly correlated with the anterior component of the tibiofemoral contact force on the lateral plateau occurring during impact (r = 0.99), which was increased by larger KAM and ITR through the posterior tibial slope and a larger contact force on the lateral side. This study provides a better understanding of the mechanism through which secondary external knee loads increase ACL injury risk during landing. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1730–1742, 2019
Influence of minor components on lipid bioaccessibility and oxidation during in vitro digestion of soybean oil
Authors: Martin‐Rubio Ana S , Sopelana Patricia , Guillén María D
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND

Minor components of edible oils could influence their evolution during in vitro digestion. This might affect the bioaccessibility of lipid nutrients and the safety of the ingested food. Bearing this in mind, the evolution of virgin and refined soybean oils, which are very similar in acyl group composition, has been studied throughout in vitro digestion using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and solid‐phase microextraction‐gas chromatography /mass spectrometry, focusing on lipolysis and oxidation reactions. The fate of γ‐tocopherol, the main antioxidant present in soybean oil, has also been analyzed with 1H NMR.

RESULTS

There were no noticeable differences in lipolysis between the two oils that were studied. The extent of oxidation during digestion, which was very low in both cases, was slightly higher in the virgin type, which showed lower tocopherols and squalene concentrations than the refined one, together with a considerable abundance of free fatty acids. This can be deduced both from the appearance after digestion of conjugated hydroperoxy‐ and hydroxy‐dienes only in the virgin oil, and from its higher levels of volatile aldehydes and 2‐pentyl‐furan. Under in vitro digestion conditions, the formation of epoxides seemed to be favored over other oxidation products. Finally, although some soybean oil essential nutrients like polyunsaturated fatty acids exhibited no significant degradation after digestion, γ‐tocopherol concentration diminished during this process, especially in the virgin oil.

CONCLUSION

Although the minor component composition of the soybean oils did not affect lipolysis during in vitro digestion, it influenced the extent of their oxidation and γ‐tocopherol bioaccessibility. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Maillard reaction derived from oil‐tea camellia seed through roasting
Authors: Luo Fan , Fei Xueqian
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND

The Maillard reaction products (MRPs) formed after roasting of oil‐tea camellia seeds (camellia seeds) were investigated. Camellia seeds are inevitably heated during processing, but the effect of heating or roasting on the physicochemical properties of camellia seed or oil‐tea camellia seed oil (camellia oil) has been seldom studied, especially with respect to the Maillard reaction.

RESULTS

Changes in reducing sugars, free amino acids, pH, color, browning intensity and MRP (furosine, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural and furural) concentrations were examined in camellia seeds during roasting at 120–160 °C for 20–120 min. Results showed that roasting leads first to a decrease and then to a considerable increase in free amino groups and, at the same time, to a reduction in moisture content and decrease in pH. The sucrose content of the seeds decreased, while that of glucose and fructose increased reciprocally during roasting. On the other hand, the observed changes concerning glyoxal were negligible. Furthermore, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural have been found at the end of the roasting process, with maximum values of 572.26 ± 1.91 mg kg−1 dry wt and 0.46 ± 0.003 mg kg−1 dry wt, at 160 °C for 120 min, respectively.

CONCLUSION

This investigation provides the initial groundwork necessary for the development and implementation of green and efficient technology that could be applied to obtain high‐quality camellia oil. Future research is necessary to assess antioxidant capacity, quality and safety of oil after thermal processing of camellia seeds. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Large‐area spatial atomic layer deposition of amorphous oxide semiconductors at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Katsouras Ilias , Frijters Corné , Poodt Paul , Gelinck Gerwin , Kronemeijer Auke Jisk
Published: April 2019

Indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) is deposited using plasma‐enhanced spatial atomic layer deposition (sALD) on substrates as large as 32 × 35 cm2. Excellent uniformity and thickness control leads to high‐performing and stable coplanar top‐gate self‐aligned (SA) thin‐film transistors (TFTs). The integration of a sALD‐deposited aluminum oxide buffer layer into the TFT stack further improves uniformity and stability. The results demonstrate the viability of atmospheric sALD as a novel deposition technique for the flat‐panel display industry.
Urgent surgery in colon cancer has no impact on survival
Authors: Antony Pia , Harnoss Julian C. , Warschkow Rene , Schmied Bruno M. , Schneider Martin , Tarantino Ignazio , Ulrich Alexis
Published: April 2019

Background and objectives

Despite advances in early detection of colon cancer, a minority of patients still require urgent surgery. Whether such urgent conditions result in poor outcome remains a topic of debate.

Methods

Using a prospectively maintained database, patients suffering exclusively from colon cancer and receiving either elective or emergent resection between 2001 and 2014 were analyzed with respect to overall, disease‐specific, and relative survival using Cox regression and propensity score analyses.

Results

From a total of 877 patients analyzed, 2.7% (24) presented with complications requiring urgent surgery. Propensity‐scoring identified strongly biased patient characteristics (0.097 ± 0.069 vs 0.028 ± 0.043; P < 0.001). An unadjusted Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed urgent surgery as a statistically significant prognostic factor with an approximately 207% increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.62‐5.81; P = 0.003). After adjusting the data according to the propensity score analysis, urgent surgery was not associated with a decreased overall (HR = 1.67; 95%CI; 0.84‐3.36; P = 0.174), disease‐specific (HR = 1.62; 95% CI; 0.81‐3.24; P = 0.201) or relative survival (HR = 1.86; 95% CI: 0.92‐3.79; P = 0.086).

Conclusions

After risk‐adjustment, using multivariable Cox regression and propensity score analyses, no significant disadvantage could be noted with regard to overall, disease‐specific, or relative survival in patients with exclusively colon cancer who received emergent oncological resection.
Protective effects of HO‐1 pathway on lung injury subsequent to limb ischemia reperfusion
Authors: Li Yan‐Yan , Liu Chun‐Yan , Liu Mei , Sun Ke‐Yu
Published: April 2019

Limb ischemia reperfusion (LIR) can activate endogenous cytoprotective mechanisms by generating specific proteins against reperfusion injury in remote organs. The present study investigated the roles of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) pathway and the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of this pathway on lung injury following LIR. LIR was induced by ischemia for 4 hours followed by reperfusion for 6 hours (LIR 6 hours) or 16 hours (LIR 16 hours) in male Sprague‐Dawley rats. HO‐1 inducer cobalt protoporphyrin (Copp) or HO‐1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin (Znpp) was intravenously injected 24 hours before ischemia. The animals were randomly divided into nine groups, including normal control, LIR 6 hours, LIR 16 hours, Copp, Copp + LIR 6 hours, Copp + LIR 16 hours, and Znpp, Znpp+ LIR 6 hours, and Znpp + LIR 16 hours groups (each group included four samples). Lung injury was examined through histopathology. Quantitative real‐time PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were applied to detect the mRNA and protein levels of HO‐1, Nrf2, and Bach1. Our study showed that LIR induced Nrf2 upregulation but Bach1 downregulation to promote HO‐1 expression in lung tissues. Activation of HO‐1 pathway by Copp potentially enhanced Nrf2 expression but inhibition of the pathway by Znpp promoted Bach1 expression. Inducer of HO‐1 pathway, Copp injection improved the lung injury. Nevertheless, Znpp injection aggravated the lung injury following LIR. Our findings suggested that activated HO‐1 pathway might exert protective effects on the lung injury following LIR.
Congenital laryngomalacia: Is it an inflammatory disease? The role of vitamin D
Authors: Hassan Megahed M. , Emam Ahmed M. , Mahmoud Ahmed M. , Awad Al Husseiny , Rezk Ibrahim , Abou‐Taleb Ashraf , Mohamed Montasser M. , El‐Magd Essam A. A.
Published: April 2019

Objectives/Hypothesis

Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of stridor in infants. The exact pathophysiology is still not well understood. Our objective was to investigate whether laryngomalacia is an inflammatory disease, focusing on the possible role of vitamin D.

Study Design

Case‐control study.

Methods

Sixty Egyptian infants and 60 mothers were included in this study. They were divided into four equal groups (n = 30 for each): infants with laryngomalacia (LM‐infants), control infants (C‐infants), mothers of the infants with laryngomalacia (LM‐mothers), and mothers of the control infants (C‐mothers). Laryngoscopy was performed and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]‐vitamin‐D) and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) were estimated.

Results

Significant increase of serum IL‐6 associated with a significant decrease in serum 25(OH)‐vitamin D was observed in the LM‐infants compared to the C‐infants (P < .001 for both). LM‐mothers had significantly lower 25(OH)‐vitamin D status compared to C‐mothers (P < .001).

Conclusions

Deficiency of 25(OH)‐vitamin D in LM‐infants may result in dysregulation of the immune responses with elevation of a proinflammatory cytokine (IL‐6). Laryngomalacia could be an inflammatory disease due to 25(OH)‐vitamin D deficiency as evidenced by the high level of IL‐6. This finding may open the door to the appropriate prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, especially for moderate to severe laryngomalacia.

Level of Evidence

3b Laryngoscope, 130:448–453, 2020
Hyperglycemia‐Triggered Sphingosine‐1‐Phosphate and Sphingosine‐1‐Phosphate Receptor 3 Signaling Worsens Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Regulating M1/M2 Polarization
Authors: Hu Yuanchang , Yang Chao , Shen Gefengqiang , Yang Shikun , Cheng Xuyu , Cheng Feng , Rao Jianhua , Wang Xuehao
Published: April 2019

Hyperglycemia aggravates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), but the underlying mechanism for the aggravation remains elusive. Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptors (S1PRs) have been implicated in metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Here, we discuss whether and how S1P/S1PRs are involved in hyperglycemia‐related liver IRI. For our in vivo experiment, we enrolled diabetic patients with benign hepatic disease who had liver resection, and we used streptozotocin (STZ)–induced hyperglycemic mice or normal mice to establish a liver IRI model. In vitro bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs) were differentiated in high‐glucose (HG; 30 mM) or low‐glucose (LG; 5 mM) conditions for 7 days. The expression of S1P/S1PRs was analyzed in the liver and BMDMs. We investigated the functional and molecular mechanisms by which S1P/S1PRs may influence hyperglycemia‐related liver IRI. S1P levels were higher in liver tissues from patients with diabetes mellitus and mice with STZ‐induced diabetes. S1PR3, but not S1PR1 or S1PR2, was activated in liver tissues and Kupffer cells under hyperglycemic conditions. The S1PR3 antagonist CAY10444 attenuated hyperglycemia‐related liver IRI based on hepatic biochemistry, histology, and inflammatory responses. Diabetic livers expressed higher levels of M1 markers but lower levels of M2 markers at baseline and after ischemia/reperfusion. Dual‐immunofluorescence staining showed that hyperglycemia promoted M1 (CD68/CD86) differentiation and inhibited M2 (CD68/CD206) differentiation. Importantly, CAY10444 reversed hyperglycemia‐modulated M1/M2 polarization. HG concentrations in vitro also triggered S1P/S1PR3 signaling, promoted M1 polarization, inhibited M2 polarization, and enhanced inflammatory responses compared with LG concentrations in BMDMs. In contrast, S1PR3 knockdown significantly retrieved hyperglycemia‐modulated M1/M2 polarization and attenuated inflammation. In conclusion, our study reveals that hyperglycemia specifically triggers S1P/S1PR3 signaling and exacerbates liver IRI by facilitating M1 polarization and inhibiting M2 polarization, which may represent an effective therapeutic strategy for liver IRI in diabetes.
Influence of electric current on the corrosion behavior of Cu for the electric contact in the isolation switch
Authors: Lv Wang Yan , Zheng Ke Qin , Wang Yi Bo , Liu Zhong Wu
Published: April 2019

The flow of electric current through the conductor has a far‐reaching effect on its corrosion behavior. In this paper, the effect of current on the corrosion behavior of Cu is investigated. The accelerated corrosion test of Cu with various external currents from 1 A to 5 A are carried out in 5% NaCl neutral salt spray environment. The results show that the samples with external current exhibit a faster corrosion rate than those without current. The corrosion kinetics and underlying mechanism are also discussed in this paper.
Effect of Architecture of Thermoresponsive Copolymer Brushes on Switching of Their Adsorption Properties
Authors: Marschelke Claudia , Puretskiy Nikolay , Raguzin Ivan , Melnyk Inga , Ionov Leonid , Synytska Alla
Published: April 2019

Herein, the effect of architecture of stimuli‐responsive polymer brushes on the switching of colloidal particle adsorption is reported. Thermoresponsive copolymer brushes containing positively charged amino groups are used and investigated how negatively charged colloidal particles electrostatically adsorb onto them. The distribution of charged groups (block or random copolymer architecture) and the conformation of the polymer chains (extended or collapsed state) are varied. It is found that the strongest adsorption is achieved at high fractions of charged groups in the brushes, while the amount of adsorbed particles is independent of the polymer chain conformation; that is, the adsorption of particles cannot be switched. On the contrary to this, the most pronounced switching of adsorption is achieved at low fractions of charged/adhesive groups in the brushes when the adsorption of particles is weak. The lowest fraction of charged/adhesive groups (one group per few polymer chains) can be exclusively achieved by random copolymerization and not by block copolymers. An explanation of the adsorption behavior of colloidal particles on switchable brushes is proposed.
High‐quality draft genome sequence of Gaiella occulta isolated from a 150 meter deep mineral water borehole and comparison with the genome sequences of other deep‐branching lineages of the phylum Actinobacteria
Authors: Severino Rita , Froufe Hugo J. C. , Barroso Cristina , Albuquerque Luciana , Lobo‐da‐Cunha Alexandre , da Costa Milton S. , Egas Conceição
Published: April 2019

Gaiella occulta strain F2‐233T (=CECT 7815 = LMG 26412), isolated from a 150 meter deep mineral water aquifer, was deemed a candidate for high‐quality draft genome sequencing because of the rare environment from which it was isolated. The draft genome sequence (QQZY00000000) of strain F2‐233T is composed of approximately 3 Mb, predicted 3,119 protein‐coding genes of which 2,545 were assigned putative functions. Genome analysis was done by comparison with the other deep‐branching Actinobacteria neighbors Rubrobacter radiotolerans, Solirubrobacter soli and Thermoleophilum album. The genes for the tricarboxylic acid cycle, gluconeogenesis and pentose phosphate pathway, were identified in G. occulta, R. radiotolerans, S. soli and T. album genomes. Genes of the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway and nitrate reduction were identified in G. occulta, R. radiotolerans and S. soli, but not in the T. album genome. Alkane degradation is precluded by genome analysis in G. occulta. Genes involved in myo‐inositol metabolism were found in both S. soli and G. occulta genomes. A Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle with a type I RuBisCO was identified in G. occulta genome, as well. However, experimental growth under several conditions was negative and CO2 fixation could not be proven in G. occulta.
Association of OPG gene polymorphisms with the risk of knee osteoarthritis among Chinese people
Authors: Qi Yuxin , An Feimeng , Wang Jiaqi , Liu Yuan , Gao Hongyan , Ge Zhe , Jiang Enze , Cai Donggao , Shi Jianping , Wang Jianzhong
Published: April 2019

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is usually recognized to have a genetic factor, and in our study, we performed a case–control study to analyze the association between 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in OPG and the risk of knee OA in a Chinese Han population.

Methods

Fourteen OPG SNPs were assayed using MassARRAY in 393 patients clinically and radiographically diagnosed with knee OA and in 500 controls. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were compared between the groups. Logistic regression adjusting for age and gender was used to estimate risk associations between specific genotypes and knee OA by computing odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

Results

We found that the minor alleles of six SNPs in OPG were associated with an increased or decreased risk of knee OA in the allelic model analysis. In the genetic model analysis, we found that rs1905786, rs1032128, rs3134058, rs11573828, rs11573849, rs3134056, and rs1564861 were associated with an increased or decreased risk of knee OA before adjusted by sex and age. And after adjustment, three SNPs (rs1485286, rs1905786, and rs1032128) were identified to have a negative effect on knee OA.

Conclusion

Our results verify that genetic variants of OPG contribute to knee OA susceptibility in the population of northern China. These genetic associations may identify individuals at a particularly high risk of developing knee OA.
Quantitative breast elastography from B‐mode images
Authors: Rabin Carolina , Benech Nicolás
Published: April 2019

Purpose

Elastography images provide information about the mechanical properties of soft tissue in a noninvasive way and can be useful to identify abnormalities and ascertain differential diagnoses of suspicious prior findings obtained through mammography ultrasound. In this work we investigate, from a physics point of view, the feasibility of quantifying the Young's modulus of breast tissue from the autocorrelation of a diffuse acoustic field computed from a sequence of B‐mode images acquired through conventional ultrasound scanners.

Methods

Inspired in the seismological approach of retrieving the Green's function by cross‐correlation of diffuse fields, we obtained a quantitative expression that relates the local shear modulus of soft tissue to the autocorrelation of the displacement field generated by the presence of an acoustic diffuse field in the medium. In addition, we designed a mechanical prototype device adaptable to the breast anatomy, in order to create the necessary conditions in terms of diffuse field generation. The device is easy to handle, and its positioning does not interfere with the ultrasonic probe, being friendly to use within the clinical environment. The displacement field was measured from a sequence of B‐mode images acquired at standard frame rates (30–50 Hz) with conventional ultrasound equipment. This method was tested in a breast tissue mimicking phantom using two standard ultrasound scanners (Toshiba Nemio NX and SIUI (Shantou Institute of Ultrasonic Instruments) Apogee 3800) and an open source research device (Verasonics V3.07 US). We also performed an in vivo measurement as a preliminary validation.

Results

In the reconstructed Young's modulus maps the inclusions were identified and the obtained quantitative results for an inclusion and the background of the phantom were 60.0 ± 4.0 and 20.4 ± 0.5 KPa for the Toshiba equipment, 65.5 ± 6.9 and 22.6 ± 2.7 KPa for the SIUI equipment and 67.2 ± 7.3 KPa and 22.6 ± 2.8 KPa for the Verasonic scanner. These results are in good agreement with the values reported by the phantom's manufacturer of 60 and 20 KPa for the inclusion and the background, respectively. In the case of the in vivo measurement, the obtained images are in accordance with the patient known pathology (BI‐RADS 5, Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma, Score 6). The pathological breast showed a heterogeneous elasticity map with a mean Young's modulus of 98.1 ± 12.9 KPa, while the normal breast displayed a homogeneous map with a mean Young's modulus of 24.7 ± 8.1 KPa.

Conclusions

We successfully reconstructed the Young's modulus map of the breast tissue mimicking phantom and of a real breast tumor using B‐mode images acquired with conventional ultrasound scanners. The results obtained in this work support that our technique can be developed as a medical tool to obtain quantitative breast tissue elasticity maps.
Implementation of person‐centred practice principles and behaviour change techniques after a 2‐day training workshop: A nested case study involving physiotherapists
Authors: Lawford Belinda J. , Bennell Kim L. , Kasza Jessica , Campbell Penny K. , Gale Janette , Bills Caroline , Hinman Rana S.
Published: April 2019

Objectives

The aims of the present study were to determine how well physiotherapists implemented person‐centred practice principles and behaviour change techniques after a workshop, and to evaluate whether self‐audit of performance differed from audits of an experienced training facilitator.

Methods

Eight physiotherapists each completed a 2‐day workshop followed by two telephone consultations with four patients with knee osteoarthritis. The training facilitator audited audio‐recordings of all consultations, and therapists self‐audited 50% of consultations using a tool comprising: (a) 10 person‐centred practice principles rated on a numerical rating scale of 0 (need to work on this) to 10 (doing really well); and (b) seven behaviour change techniques rated with an ordinal scale (using this technique effectively; need to improve skill level; or need to learn how to apply this technique).

Results

Physiotherapists showed “moderate” fidelity to person‐centred principles, with mean scores between 5 and 7 out of 10. For behaviour change techniques, the training facilitator believed that physiotherapists were using three of seven techniques “effectively” during most consultations and “needed to improve skill levels” with most other techniques. Physiotherapists scored themselves significantly lower than the training facilitator for two of 10 person‐centred principles, and tended to rate their skills using behaviour change techniques less favourably.

Conclusions

Physiotherapists performed moderately well when implementing person‐centred practice principles and behaviour change techniques immediately after training, but had room for improvement, particularly for skills relating to providing management options and changing thinking habits. Physiotherapists' self‐ratings of performance generally did not differ from expert ratings; however, they underestimated their ability to implement some principles and techniques.
Synthesis and characterization of poly (1‐vinyl‐3‐butylimidazolium‐co‐methyl methacrylate) gel polymer electrolytes for dye‐sensitized solar cells: Effect of structure and composition
Authors: Porfarzollah Ali , Bagheri Massoumeh , Mohammad‐Rezaei Rahim
Published: April 2019

Herein, three ionic liquid random copolymers (P) containing 1‐vinyl‐3‐butylimidazolium bromide (VBImBr) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) with various molar ratios were prepared using conventional free radical polymerization. Afterward, their corresponding chemically cross‐linked copolymers (XP) were formed similarly in the presence of polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA). The synthesized copolymers were characterized using FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and GPC. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that the rigidity and thermal stability of the copolymers depended on the ionic liquid content as well as the degree of cross‐linking. Gel polymer electrolytes were then prepared via obtained copolymers in the presence of a constant amount of synthesized imidazolium‐based ionic liquid. Among the copolymers, the P3 with in feed VBImBr:MMA molar ratio of 70:30 and the cross‐linked 1%‐XP3 copolymer prepared with 1 mol% of PEGDMA exhibited the highest conductivity and diffusion coefficients for I3¯ and I¯. The power conversion efficiency of the optimized linear and cross‐linked copolymers (P3 and 1%‐XP3) under the simulated AM 1.5 solar spectrum irradiation at 100 mW cm−2 were 3.49 and 4.13% in the fabricated dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), respectively. The superior long‐term stability and high performance of the gel electrolyte containing 1%‐XP3 suggested it as commercial gel electrolyte for future DSSCs.
Pediatric ovarian angiosarcoma treated with systemic chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy: Case report and review of therapy
Authors: Pariury Holly , Golden Carla , Huh Winston W. , Cham Elaine , Chung Taylor , Hayes‐Jordan Andrea
Published: April 2019

Ovarian angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive vascular tumor, which has a 5‐year overall survival of less than 30% for patients with nonmetastatic disease and almost certain death within 1 year for those with metastasis. Here, we briefly review historical approaches to therapy and present a long‐term survivor in the case of an 11‐year‐old female with metastatic ovarian angiosarcoma. This is the second reported case to utilize heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the treatment of this disease. Our patient is currently alive and well 3 years after initial diagnosis, significantly longer than any reported case of advanced‐stage ovarian angiosarcoma.
Oil‐impregnated monomer casting nylon composites reinforced by graphene oxide and Lanthanum(III) chloride
Authors: Zhao Yanwen , Meng Qing , Zhang Qian , Wang Fan , Wang Qin , Wang Yuexin
Published: April 2019

Oil‐impregnated monomer casting (OMC) nylon composites reinforced by graphene oxide and Lanthanum(III) chloride (LaCl3) were prepared by anionic ring‐opening polymerization in the presence of sodium hydroxide catalyst and toluene‐2, 4‐diisocyanate cocatalyst. The cross‐linked GO was formed by the coordination and electrostatic interactions between La3+ and the carboxyl on the edge of GO, which resulted in an obvious reinforcement for the OMC nylon composites. The effects of different rare earth contents on mechanical and tribological properties of the composites were carried out. The results showed that the composites exhibited excellent comprehensive properties when 0.01 wt% GO and 0.007 wt% LaCl3 were incorporated in OMC nylon. The elastic modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, compressive strength, notched impact strength, and elongation‐at‐break for the OMC nylon/GO/LaCl3 composites increased by 6.1, 9.9, 18.2, 7.2, 40.8, and 24.4%, respectively, and the tensile strength was slightly improved. In addition, the abrasion quantity was reduced. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:982–988, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Decreasing the cycle time for in‐mold coating (IMC) of sheet molding compound (SMC) compression molding
Authors: Bhuyan Mohammad S.K. , Ko Seunghyun , Villarreal Maria G. , Straus Elliott J. , James Lee , Castro Jose M.
Published: April 2019

In‐mold coating (IMC) is a thermosetting liquid applied to compression molded sheet molding compound (SMC) exterior automotive or truck body panels as an environmentally friendly primer to improve surface quality and make the part conductive for subsequent electrostatic painting. The IMC is injected onto the surface of the SMC then cures and bonds to provide a smooth conductive and protective surface. In IMC as in many other reactive polymer processes, to have short cycle time while maintaining adequate flow time and pot life is required. This allows enough time to fill the mold before solidification. In this study, the effect of inhibitor (p‐benzoquinone), initiator (t‐butyl peroxybenzoate), and mold temperature on the flow and cure time of IMC materials has been experimentally investigated using differential scanning calorimeter. A cure model is developed based on experiments to predict inhibition and cure time. A multiple criteria optimization method was employed to identify the setting parameters of the controllable process variables that provide the best compromise (Pareto frontier [PF]) between flow and cure time. The analysis shows that simultaneous addition of initiator and inhibitor allows the molding to be performed at a higher temperature, which moves the PF toward the ideal location. Hence, minimizes the cure time and maximizes the flow time simultaneously. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1158–1166 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
One‐step deposition of nano‐Ag‐TiO2 coatings by atmospheric pressure plasma jet for water treatment: Application to trace pharmaceutical removal using solar photocatalysis
Authors: Peng Tao , Pulpytel Jerome , Horovitz Inna , Jaiswal Abhay Kumar , Avisar Dror , Mamane Hadas , Lalman Jerald Anthony , Arefi‐Khonsari Farzaneh
Published: April 2019

In this study, micrometer thick Ag‐TiO2 coatings were deposited in a single and facile step by spraying the precursor in an atmospheric pressure plasma jet with different concentrations of Ag nanoparticles. The homogenous distribution of Ag decreased the TiO
2 crystal size and increased the surface area. The coatings were characterized to be porous with an anatase phase with improved charge separation and visible light absorption. The photocatalytic activity of the materials was investigated for degrading rhodamine B using a white lamp as a screening method to optimize Ag‐TiO
2 coatings. Then the photodegradation of trace pharmaceutical compounds (TrPCs) was investigated by using a solar light simulator at the optimal condition of a TiO
2 coating with 0.4wt% Ag.
The structure of Trametes versicolor glutathione transferase Omega 3S bound to its conjugation product glutathionyl‐phenethylthiocarbamate reveals plasticity of its active site
Authors: Schwartz Mathieu , Perrot Thomas , Morel‐Rouhier Mélanie , Mulliert Guillermo , Gelhaye Eric , Didierjean Claude , Favier Frédérique
Published: April 2019

Trametes versicolor glutathione transferase Omega 3S (TvGSTO3S) catalyzes the conjugation of isothiocyanates (ITC) with glutathione (GSH). Previously, this isoform was investigated in depth both biochemically and structurally. Structural analysis of complexes revealed the presence of a GSH binding site (G site) and a deep hydrophobic binding site (H site) able to bind plant polyphenols. In the present study, crystals of apo TvGSTO3S were soaked with glutathionyl‐phenethylthiocarbamate, the product of the reaction between GSH and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC). On the basis of this crystal structure, we show that the phenethyl moiety binds in a new site at loop β2‐α2 while the glutathionyl part exhibits a particular conformation that occupies both the G site and the entrance to the H site. This binding mode is allowed by a conformational change of the loop β2‐α2 at the enzyme active site. It forms a hydrophobic slit that stabilizes the phenethyl group at a distinct site from the previously described H site. Structural comparison of TvGSTO3S with drosophila DmGSTD2 suggests that this flexible loop could be the region that binds PEITC for both isoforms. These structural features are discussed in a catalytic context.
Electron‐deficient p‐benzoyl‐l‐phenylalanine derivatives increase covalent chemical capture yields for protein–protein interactions
Authors: Joiner Cassandra M. , Breen Meghan E. , Mapp Anna K.
Published: April 2019

The photoactivatable amino acid p‐benzoyl‐l‐phenylalanine (pBpa) has been used for the covalent capture of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) in vitro and in living cells. However, this technique often suffers from poor photocrosslinking yields due to the low reactivity of the active species. Here we demonstrate that the incorporation of halogenated pBpa analogs into proteins leads to increased crosslinking yields for protein–protein interactions. The analogs can be incorporated into live yeast and upon irradiation capture endogenous PPIs. Halogenated pBpas will extend the scope of PPIs that can be captured and expand the toolbox for mapping PPIs in their native environment.
Half‐Metallicity in Quaternary Heusler Alloys with 3d and 4d Elements: Observations and Insights from DFT Calculations
Authors: Ghosh Srikrishna , Ghosh Subhradip
Published: April 2019

In this work, important insights into the evolution of half‐metallicity in quaternary Heusler alloys are provided. Employing ab initio electronic structure methods we study 18 quaternary Heusler compounds having the chemical formula CoX′Y′Al, where Y′ = Mn, Fe; and X′ a 4d element. Along with the search for new materials for spintronics applications, the trends in structural, electronic, magnetic properties, and Curie temperature are investigated. Comparative studies with the compounds in the quaternary series CoX′Y′Si with X′ materials from the 3d and 4d transition metal series in the periodic table have been made. We observe that the half‐metallic behavior depends primarily on the crystal structure type based on atomic arrangements and the number of valence electrons. As long as these two are identical, the electronic structures and the magnetic exchange interactions bear close resemblances. Consequently, the materials exhibit identical electronic properties, by and large. The roles of different transition metal atoms in affecting the hybridizations and their correlations with the above observations are analyzed. This work, therefore, provides important perspectives regarding the underlying physics of half‐metallic behavior in quaternary Heusler compounds which goes beyond specifics of a given material. This, thus, paves the way for smart prediction of new half‐metals. This work also figures out an open problem of understanding how different ternary Heuslers with different electronic behavior may lead to half‐metallic behavior in quaternary Heuslers with 4d transition metal elements.
Assessing noninferiority: Evaluating efficacy of a new treatment without complete data
Authors: Gao Ping , Odem‐Davis Katherine
Published: April 2019

The FDA released the final guidance on noninferiority trials in November 2016. In noninferiority trials, validity of the assessment of the efficacy of the test treatment depends on the control treatment's efficacy. Therefore, it is critically important that there be a reliable estimate of the control treatment effect—which is generally obtained from historical trials, and often assumed to hold in the current setting (the assay constancy assumption). Validating the constancy assumption requires clinical data, which are typically lacking. The guidance acknowledges that “lack of constancy can occur for many reasons.” We clarify the objectives of noninferiority trials. We conclude that correction for bias, rather than assay constancy, is critical to conducting valid noninferiority trials. We propose that assay constancy not be assumed and discounting or thresholds be used to address concern about loss of historical efficacy. Examples are provided for illustration.
Dependence on initial conditions versus model formulations for medium‐range forecast error variations
Authors: Magnusson Linus , Chen Jan‐Huey , Lin Shian‐Jiann , Zhou Linjiong , Chen Xi
Published: April 2019

Understanding the root causes of forecast errors and occasional very poor forecasts is essential but difficult. In this paper we investigate the relative importance of initial conditions and model formulation for medium‐range errors in 500 hPa geopotential height. The question is addressed by comparing forecasts produced with ECMWF‐IFS and NCEP‐GFS forecasting systems, and with the GFDL‐fvGFS model initialized with the ECMWF and NCEP initial conditions. This gives two pairs of configurations that use the same initial conditions but different models, and one pair with the same model but different initial conditions. The first conclusion is that the initial conditions play the major role in differences between the configurations in terms of the average root‐mean‐square error for both Northern and Southern Hemispheres as well as Europe and the contiguous US (CONUS), while the model dominates the systematic errors. A similar conclusion is also found by verifying precipitation over low latitudes and the CONUS. The day‐to‐day variations of 500 hPa geopotential height scores are exemplified by one case of a forecast bust over Europe, where the error is found to be dominated by initial errors. The results are generalized by calculating correlations between errors integrated over Europe, CONUS and a region in the southeastern Pacific from the different configurations. For Europe and southeast Pacific, the correlations in the medium range are highest between the pairs that use the same initial conditions, while over CONUS they are highest for the pair with the same model. This suggests different mechanisms behind the day‐to‐day variability of the score for these regions. Over CONUS the link is made to the propagation of troughs over the Rockies, and the result suggests that the large differences in parametrizations of orographic drag between the models play a role.
A resilient consensus strategy of near‐optimal control for state‐saturated multiagent systems with round‐robin protocol
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Shi Min , Guo Lei , Yang Hongjiu
Published: April 2019

In this paper, the resilient consensus strategy design problem is investigated for the time‐varying state‐saturated multiagent systems (MASs). A round‐robin protocol is adopted to schedule the communication network among the MASs for the purpose of preventing the data from collision. In presence of the state‐saturation and gain perturbation phenomena, it is literally impossible to obtain the accurate value of the associate cost function, which describes the consensus performance. As an alternative, an upper bound is derived for the cost function to quantify the consensus performance. Then, the resilient consensus strategy is designed such that this upper bound can be minimized in an iterative manner. The sufficient condition is also provided to guarantee that the upper bound of the cost function exists as time goes to infinity. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the validity of the proposed methodology.
The association between executive functioning and parental stress and psychological distress is mediated by parental reflective functioning in mothers with substance use disorder
Authors: Håkansson Ulrika , Watten Reidulf G. , Söderström Kerstin , Øie Merete Glenne
Published: April 2019

Mothers with a substance use disorder (SUD) have been found to exhibit heightened experience of stress and deficits in executive functioning (EF) and in parental reflective functioning (PRF). Although experiences of stress, EF and PRF are important for caregiving capacities; no studies have explored associations between the phenomena in mothers with SUD. This study aimed to examine the association between EF (working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility) and different forms of stress (parental stress, general life stress, and psychological distress) in 43 mothers with SUD with infants. We further aimed to investigate whether PRF had a mediating function between EF and the experience of stress. The mothers completed self‐report questionnaires regarding experiences of different types of stress, and we also used neuropsychological tests to assess EF and a semistructured interview to assess PRF. Results identified problems in EF were associated with higher parental stress and psychological distress but not with general life stress. Cognitive flexibility contributed uniquely to variance in parental stress, whereas working memory was a unique contributor to variance in psychological distress. PRF had a mediating function between EF and parental stress and between EF and psychological distress. Findings highlight the importance of considering individual differences in PRF when targeting EF in interventions trying to reduce the experience of parental stress and psychological distress in mothers with SUD.
The interplay of product and process in skunkworks identity work: An inductive model
Authors: Oliver David , Cole Benjamin M.
Published: April 2019

Research Summary

The success of skunkworks often involves nurturing an identity at odds with the parent firm, which may cause de‐identification with the firm and hamper reintegration of team members post‐project. This identity work could lead to market success but organizational failure as skunkworks' members distance themselves from the parent firm tasking the innovation. To explore the when and how of identity work throughout a skunkworks' lifecycle, we studied a skunkworks at an international consumer products company over a 35‐month research window and through post‐hoc interviews some 15 years later. Using a grounded theory approach, we documented the interplay between product (needs) and process (decisions) over the skunkworks' lifecycle, and constructed an inductive model providing important insight to the micro‐foundations of the identity‐based view of competitive advantage.

Managerial Summary

This study examines how identity work unfolds over time in a skunkworks team created to spur breakthrough innovation. Such teams can develop a strong sense of identity that may in part involve opposition to the parent firm. While this can motivate the team to galvanize around the task at hand, such “othering” may cause de‐identification with the parent and hamper reintegration of team members after the skunkworks is dissolved. Thus, identity work within a skunkworks can lead to both market success and organizational failure. We ground our model in a 35‐month study of an international consumer products company, documenting the interplay between product (needs) and process (decisions) over the skunkworks' lifecycle. We provide prescriptions as to how to mitigate the possibility of these negative outcomes.
Amorphous Mn3O4 Nanocages with High‐Efficiency Charge Transfer for Enhancing Electro‐Optic Properties of Liquid Crystals
Authors: Ma Guanshui , Jia Binbin , Zhao Dongyu , Yang Zhao , Yu Jian , Liu Juzhe , Guo Lin
Published: April 2019

Improving electro‐optic properties is essential for fabricating high‐quality liquid crystal displays. Herein, by doping amorphous Mn3O4 octahedral nanocages (a‐Mn3O4 ONCs) into a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) matrix E7, outstanding electro‐optic properties of the blend are successfully obtained. At a doping concentration of 0.03 wt%, the maximum decreases of threshold voltage (Vth) and saturation voltage (Vsat) are 34% and 31%, respectively, and the increase of contrast (Con) is 160%. This remarkable electro‐optic activity can be attributed to high‐efficiency charge transfer within the a‐Mn3O4 ONCs NLC system, caused by metastable electronic states of a‐Mn3O4 ONCs. To the best of our knowledge, such remarkable decreased electro‐optic activity is observed for the first time from doping amorphous semiconductors, which could provide a new pathway to develop excellent energy‐saving amorphous materials and improve their potential applications in electro‐optical devices.