bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of different methods of initiating lung inflammation and the sex-specific effects on inflammatory parameters
Authors: Mock Jason R. , Tune Miriya K. , Bose Pria G. , McCullough Morgan J. , Doerschuk Claire M.
Published: January 2023

Sex as a biological variable is an essential element of preclinical research. Sex-specific differences in lung volume, alveolar number, body weight, and the relationship between lung and body weight result in important questions about generating equivalent injuries in males and females so that comparisons in their responses can be assessed. Few studies compare stimulus dosing methods for murine lung models investigating immune responses. To examine sex-specific effects, we explored several dosing techniques for three stimuli, LPS, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and influenza A, on survival, injury parameters in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and immune cell numbers in single-cell lung suspensions after injury. These data demonstrate that body weight-based dosing produced fewer differences between sexes when compared with injury initiated with inocula containing the same number of organisms. Comparison of the lung and body weights showed that females had a greater lung-to-body weight ratio than males. However, in LPS-induced injury, adjusting the dose for sex differences in this ratio in addition to body weight provided no new information about sex differences compared with dosing by body weight alone, most likely due to the variability in measures of the immune response. Studies evaluating BAL volumes revealed that smaller but more lavages resulted in greater returns and lower protein concentrations, particularly in the smaller female lungs. Thus, designing dosing and measurement methods that generate equivalent injuries facilitates comparison of immune responses between sexes. Continued development of methods for both induction and evaluation of injury will likely facilitate identification of sex differences in immune responses.
Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy Severity in Fundus Images Using the Vision Transformer and Residual Attention
Authors: Gu Zongyun , Li Yan , Wang Zijian , Kan Junling , Shu Jianhua , Wang Qing
Published: January 2023

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common retinal vascular disease, which can cause severe visual impairment. It is of great clinical significance to use fundus images for intelligent diagnosis of DR. In this paper, an intelligent DR classification model of fundus images is proposed. This method can detect all the five stages of DR, including of no DR, mild, moderate, severe, and proliferative. This model is composed of two key modules. FEB, feature extraction block, is mainly used for feature extraction of fundus images, and GPB, grading prediction block, is used to classify the five stages of DR. The transformer in the FEB has more fine‐grained attention that can pay more attention to retinal hemorrhage and exudate areas. The residual attention in the GPB can effectively capture different spatial regions occupied by different classes of objects. Comprehensive experiments on DDR datasets well demonstrate the superiority of our method, and compared with the benchmark method, our method has achieved competitive performance.
Prognostic Value of a CT Radiomics-Based Nomogram for the Overall Survival of Patients with Nonmetastatic BCLC Stage C Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
Authors: Wang Lihong , Yan Danfang , Shen Liang , Xie Yalin , Yan Senxiang
Published: January 2023

Purpose. This study aimed to investigatie the feasibility of pretherapeutic CT radiomics-based nomograms to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with nondistant metastatic Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C (BCLC-C) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Methods. A retrospective review of 137 patients with nondistant metastatic BCLC-C HCC who underwent SBRT was made. Radiomics features distilled from pretherapeutic CT images were selected by the method of LASSO regression for radiomics signature construction. Then, the clinical model was constructed based on clinical characteristics. A radiomics nomogram was constructed using the radiomics score (Rad-score) and clinical characteristics to predict post-SBRT OS in BCLC-C HCC patients. An analysis of discriminatory ability and calibration was performed to confirm the efficacy of the radiomics nomogram. Results. In order to construct the radiomic signature, seven significant features were selected. Patients were divided into low-risk (Rad-score < −0.03) and high-risk (Rad-score ≥ −0.03) groups based on the best Rad-score cutoff value. There were statistically significant differences in OS both in the training set (

p
<
0.0001

) and the validation set (

p
=
0.03

) after stratification. The C-indexes of the radiomics nomogram were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.72–0.82) in the training set and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.61–0.81) in the validation set, which outperformed the clinical model and radiomics signature. An AUC of 0.76, 0.79, and 0.84 was reached for 6-, 12-, and 18-month survival predictions, respectively. Conclusions. The predictive nomogram that combines radiomic features with clinical characteristics has great prospects for application in the prediction of post-SBRT OS in nondistant metastatic BCLC-C HCC patients.
Traditional Uses, Bioactive Compounds, and Pharmacological Investigations of Calendula arvensis L.: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Khouchlaa Aya , El Baaboua Aicha , El Moudden Hamza , Lakhdar Fatima , Bakrim Saad , El Menyiy Naoual , Belmehdi Omar , Harhar Hicham , El Omari Nasreddine , Balahbib Abdelaali , Park Moon Nyeo , Zengin Gokhan , Kim Bonglee , Bouyahya Abdelhakim
Published: January 2023

Calendula arvensis L. (Asteraceae) is a famous ornamental and medicinal plant widely distributed in Mediterranean countries and the southern region of Europe. This reputed species is widely used in traditional medicine in the treatment of many disorders and has various bioactivities, especially anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimutagenic, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities. The present review was conducted to provide a critical review of the comprehensive and current knowledge regarding C. arvensis species, in particular, its taxonomy and geographical distribution, botanical description, medicinal uses, phytochemical compounds, pharmacological properties, and toxicity investigations. The data collected on C. arvensis were obtained using different scientific research databases such as PubMed, SciFinder, SpringerLink, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Wiley Online, and Scopus. Phytochemical screening of different C. arvensis extracts and essential oils showed their richness in bioactive compounds, particularly in fatty acids, sterols, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and terpenoid compounds. The findings of this review showed that the pharmacological activities of C. arvensis confirm its importance and diversity as a traditional remedy for many diseases. This plant presents a wide range of bioactivities, namely, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitrypanosomial, antitumoral, antimutagenic, and immunomodulatory activities, as well as hemolytic properties and wound treatment. Nevertheless, pharmacokinetic validation and toxicological examinations are required to detect any possible toxicity for future clinical trials.
Identity-Based Unidirectional Collusion-Resistant Proxy Re-Encryption from U-LWE
Authors: Yang Nan , Tian Youliang
Published: January 2023

Identity-based proxy re-encryption (IB-PRE) converts the ciphertext encrypted under the delegator’s identity to the one encrypted under the delegatee’s identity through a semitrusted proxy without leaking delegator’s private key and the underlying plaintext. At present, the security of most IB-PRE schemes relies on the hardness of the discrete logarithm solution or large integer decomposition and cannot resist attacks of the quantum algorithms. The majority of the IB-PRE schemes over lattice are secure only in the random oracle model. Aiming at such problems, the paper constructs a secure IB-PRE scheme over lattice in the standard model. In the scheme, the underlying encryption scheme proposed by Gentry et al. in EUROCRYPT 2010 is adopted to reduce the storage space of ciphertext. The proposed scheme is unidirectional collusion-resistant multihop and anonymous, and it is semantically secure against selective identity and chosen plaintext attack based on Decisional Learning With Errors with uniformly distributed errors (D-U-LWE) hard problem in the standard model.
Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Pesticidal Efficacy in the Oleoresins of Globba sessiliflora Sims and In Silico Study
Authors: Verma Bhawna , Karakoti Himani , Kumar Ravendra , Mahawer Sonu Kumar , Prakash Om , Srivastava Ravi Mohan , Kumar Satya , Rawat Shilpi , Rawat Dharmendra Singh , Oliveira Mozaniel Santana de
Published: January 2023

Globba sessiliflora Sims is an aromatic rhizomatous herb of family Zingiberaceae which is endemic to Peninsular India. This study first reports the phytochemical profile and pesticidal potential of oleoresins obtained from the aerial and rhizome parts of Globba sessiliflora Sims. The oleoresins were prepared by the cold percolation method and were analyzed by a gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) method. Both the oleoresins varied greatly in composition, the major compounds identified in aerial part oleoresin (GSAO) were methyl linoleate, methyl palmitate, and phytol, while the major compounds present in rhizome part oleoresin (GSRO) were γ‐sitosterol, 8 (17),12‐labdadiene‐15, 16‐dial, methyl linoleate, and methyl palmitate. In order to evaluate the biological activities, the oleoresins were tested under laboratory conditions for nematicidal action and inhibition of egg hatching potential against root knot nematode, where GSRO was more effective. Insecticidal activity was performed against mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi and castor hairy caterpillar, Selepa celtis. In case of mustard aphid, GSRO (LC50 = 154.8 ppm) was more effective than GSAO (LC50 = 263.0 ppm), while GSAO (LC50 = 346.7.0 ppm) was more effective against castor hairy caterpillar than GSRO (LC50 = 398.1 ppm). The herbicidal activity was performed in the receptor species Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus, and the oleoresins showed different intensities for seed germination inhibition and coleoptile and radical length inhibition. Molecular docking studies were conducted to screen the in vitro activities and through molecular docking, it was found that the major oleoresins components were able to interact with the binding pocket of HPPD and AChE with γ‐sitosterol showing the best binding affinity.
Model-Based Control with Active Disturbance Rejection Algorithm for a Diesel Engine
Authors: Ding Shun-Liang , He Shuai-Feng , Tu Bi-Qing , Liu Jin-Jin , Wang Yu-Yuan , Song En-Zhe
Published: January 2023

To improve the speed control performance of a diesel engine, the active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) is designed by adding an arranging transition process to the traditional PID controller, extracting differential signals reasonably, and adopting nonlinear combination process to error signals. The ADRC is composed of a tracking differentiator (TD), an extended state observer (ESO), and a nonlinear state error feedback (NLSEF). Such constructed ADRC can adapt to the strong nonlinear and complicate working conditions of diesel engine for power generation. A simulation model of the diesel engine is built to verify the proposed ADRC, and simulation results are in good accordance with the experimental results. To further validate the advantages of the designed ADRC, the traditional PID is improved by TD. Meanwhile, performance comparisons are carried out between traditional PID controller, improved PID controller, and ADRC. Results present that the improved PID controller can achieve a better control performance than that of the traditional PID controller both in steady state and transient state. However, the ADRC can further improve the speed control performance evidently on the basis of the improved PID controller.
Explainable Abuse Detection as Intent Classification and Slot Filling
Authors: Calabrese Agostina , Ross Björn , Lapata Mirella
Published: January 2023

To proactively offer social media users a safe online experience, there is a need for systems that can detect harmful posts and promptly alert platform moderators. In order to guarantee the enforcement of a consistent policy, moderators are provided with detailed guidelines. In contrast, most state-of-the-art models learn what abuse is from labeled examples and as a result base their predictions on spurious cues, such as the presence of group identifiers, which can be unreliable. In this work we introduce the concept of policy-aware abuse detection, abandoning the unrealistic expectation that systems can reliably learn which phenomena constitute abuse from inspecting the data alone. We propose a machine-friendly representation of the policy that moderators wish to enforce, by breaking it down into a collection of intents and slots. We collect and annotate a dataset of 3,535 English posts with such slots, and show how architectures for intent classification and slot filling can be used for abuse detection, while providing a rationale for model decisions.1
The Influence of Saemangeum Reclaimed Landscape Colors on Perceived Restorativeness and Revisit Intention
Authors: Jang Hye Sook , Seo Kyung Hye , Kang Yun-Im , Suh Jung Nam , Ahn Myung Suk
Published: January 2023

Background and objective: This study was conducted to find out the effects of Saemangeum reclaimed landscape colors on perceived restorativeness and revisit intention.Methods: A survey was conducted on 120 general respondents, and the responses from 112 respondents were analyzed, except 8 inappropriate responses. The average age of all respondents was 48.60 ± 12.99.Results: Regarding psychological indicators for Saemangeum reclaimed landscape images, this study analyzed the demographic variables of the visitors by four factors of the Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS). The result showed that there were statistical significance in age, education, average monthly income, and occupation. The correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between satisfaction and preference in the Saemangeum reclaimed landscape, four factors of PRS, and loyalty showed positive correlations and had statistical significance. As for the preference in Saemangeum reclaimed landscape colors, purple was the most preferred among the eight colors. For the question about satisfaction and loyalty to the Saemangeum reclaimed landscape, more than 87% of respondents responded 'Agree' and 'Strongly agree.' Moreover, a regression analysis including dummy variables was conducted to identify the influence of satisfaction, preference, PRS, and demographic variables (control variables) of visitors. The results showed that preference and fascination among the four factors of PRS had a positive effect on loyalty to the Saemangeum reclaimed landscape. In contrast, the age 20 - 29 (β = -.29, p < .05) had a significant negative effect on loyalty. In other words, higher attention restoration due to preference and 'fascination' and age older than 29 resulted in higher loyalty to the Saemangeum reclaimed landscape. Meanwhile, gender, education, and occupation did not affect the preference.Conclusion: In conclusion, this study identified that the Saemangeum reclaimed landscape affects positive emotions such as 'fascination' and landscape preferences of visitors, and thus would be useful for increasing the revisit intention of visitors.
Children’s Rights, The Optional Protocol and Child Sexual Abuse Material in the Digital Age
Authors: Maxwell Francis
Published: January 2023

Around the time of the drafting of the Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, few could have predicted the monumental impact of camera, phone, computer and social media technologies on people’s lives. While these technologies have aided the realisation of many children’s rights, evidence suggests that child sexual abuse material (csam) is more available and in larger quantities than it has ever been in human history. New technologies have made major contributions to this horrifying development. Are the terms of the Optional Protocol able to meet this urgent and rising problem in a way that best ensures children’s rights? Does it ensure that the international community combats this problem without encroaching on the opportunities that digital technologies offer to children today? This article explores both of these questions with reference to the Optional Protocol’s terms, as well as the recent guidelines and General Comment No. 25 issued by the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child. It concludes that the Optional Protocol is deficient in prioritising law enforcement responses to csam and failing to ensure prevention initiatives receive adequate attention and resources. Moreover, it finds that the few prevention initiatives for which it does provide are in tension with other aims of the children’s rights project. It argues that the Committee needs to alter its approach in engaging with the reports of States parties so that there can be greater prioritisation of child-centric prevention initiatives.
A new species of the Curtonotum platyphallum species-group (Diptera: Curtonotidae) from Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park, Republic of Congo
Authors: KIRK-SPRIGGS ASHLEY H.
Published: January 2023

A new species of Curtonotum Macquart is described and figured from Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park, Republic of Congo, based on the unique male holotype from disturbed Guineo-Congolian rainforest. The new species clearly belongs to the Curtonotum platyphallum species-group in sharing the synapomorphy of the basiphallus with an angulate ventrally expanded and concave process. Additional key couplets are provided to distinguish the new species from its congeners.
Is Work Associated With More or Less Criminal Involvement in the Short-Term? New Evidence of the Former Among a Justice-Involved Sample?
Authors: Bellair Paul E. , Lopez Steven , LaPlant Eric , Vuolo Mike , Apel Robert
Published: January 2023

We inquire whether commitment to employment has an immediate suppressive effect (i.e., in the next month) on street crime. Analysis of retrospective monthly calendar data drawn from a random sample of prisoners reveals that it does not. In contrast, paycheck work co-occurs with income generating crime in almost half of the months in which participants are employed. Second, paycheck work is associated with an increase in the likelihood of subsequent drug selling and bears no association with violent or property offenses. Third, job commitment is associated with greater odds of drug selling. Finally, hours worked does exert an immediate suppressive effect on drug selling and violent crime, but the effects are relatively small and do not challenge our main conclusions.
High-Quality Systematic Literature Reviews in Special Education: Promoting Coherence, Contextualization, Generativity, and Transparency
Authors: Cumming Michelle M. , Bettini Elizabeth , Chow Jason C.
Published: January 2023

High-quality systematic literature reviews provide a systematic process for identifying, synthesizing, and critiquing multiple studies and, in turn, inform theory, research, practice, and policy. With a focus on special education systematic reviews, we propose four core principles (i.e., coherence, contextualization, generativity, and transparency) to guide scholars in conducting meta-analyses, systematic narrative reviews, and qualitative meta-syntheses. Specifically, we articulate how scholars can promote each of these principles at each stage of the review process to enhance the rigor, relevance, and credibility of their systematic review: (a) framing the problem and research questions; (b) planning procedures to identify, analyze, and synthesize studies; and (c) presenting and interpreting results. Last, we discuss future directions in light of issues of equity and approaches to bridge synthesis findings and practice and policy.
The interregnum: Governance in the new world disorder
Authors: Knight W Andy
Published: January 2023

There is a crisis of global governance at this moment in our history -- a moment being labeled as 'the interregnum -- a moment of transition from one world order to another. The turbulence and disequilibrium of this moment in our history have triggered intense and growing interest in the concept and practice of governance at all levels. This is not a reflexive moment; it is a time for serious reflection and contemplation; a time for reconceptualizing ‘global governance’; an auspicious moment for constructing a new global governance paradigm. To assist in this introspective exercise, it may be important to shift from 'problem-solving' theorizing to a 'critical theory' approach that stands outside prevailing understandings of what global governance has come to mean and discard the oversimplified state-centric vision of world order; replacing it with the more nuanced 'summative' global governance - a concept that is more sophisticated and flexible than previous ones and may provide the needed space and time for us to transform the practice of global governance.
Investigation on thermal conduction of graphite film enhanced carbon fiber polymer composite by laser flash analysis
Authors: Ouyang Zeyu , Rao Qiong , Wang Jichong , Peng Xiongqi
Published: January 2023

Laser flash analysis (LFA) is an advantageous transient method, widely used for measuring thermal diffusivity of solid materials nowadays. In this paper, the thermal conductivity of graphite film enhanced carbon fiber composite was measured by LFA and the results show an unusual size-dependent effect which was considered to be due to violation of homogeneous assumptions. To investigate the size effect, numerical analyses based on the representative volume element (RVE) models were implemented to evaluate the thermal conductivities of composites with periodic microstructures. Transient periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) were proposed and applied to the RVEs for simulating the LFA. Transient simulative results obtained by applying PBCs verify the size effect and are in better agreement with the experimental data than those obtained by applying conventional adiabatic conditions. Moreover, the classical steady-state analyses on RVEs were performed for comparison. The reason for size effect was discussed in details. The present work expands the application scope of LFA to measuring thermal conductivity of complex composite and provides a perception of discreetly selecting specimen size and modifying the general LFA technique.
Autonomy Support for Gender Expression and Managing Existential Concerns: An Initial Study Among Transgender Individuals
Authors: Horner Dylan E. , Sielaff Alex , Greenberg Jeff
Published: January 2023

This pre-registered study was conducted online in March 2022 and was designed to (1) test whether individuals who identify as transgender report greater death-thought accessibility (DTA), greater symptoms of post-traumatic stress (PTS), lower meaning in life (MIL), and greater existential isolation (EI) compared to those who do not identify as transgender (i.e., cisgender); (2) examine whether autonomy support and autonomy frustration for gender expression differentially predict these outcomes among transgender individuals; and (3) examine whether perceptions of symbolic immortality mediate these relationships. Results found that transgender (vs. cisgender) participants reported higher DTA, greater PTS, lower MIL, and greater EI. Moreover, among transgender participants, autonomy frustration for gender expression predicted greater PTS, and autonomy support for gender expression predicted both greater MIL and lower EI. Finally, although the indirect effects through symbolic immortality were nonsignificant, autonomy support for gender expression appeared to predict perceptions of symbolic immortality. Implications for transgender people’s mental health and future research directions are discussed.
A Mixture Modeling of the Predictors of Internet Addiction: Cognition and Dissociation
Authors: Eşkisu Mustafa , Boysan Murat , Çam Zekeriya
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to explore the heterogeneity in the symptoms of pathological Internet use. The predictive role of online cognitions and online dissociative experiences on pathological Internet use were investigated. Three hundred and ninety Turkish undergraduate students (261 females) participated in the study. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed. Items responses on the 26-item Chen Internet Addiction Scale were subjected to LCA. The LCA identified three latent classes: (1) Normal Internet Users ( n = 141, 36.15%), (2) Problematic Internet Users ( n = 148, 37.95%), and (3) Pathological Internet Users ( n = 101, 25.90%). The multinomial regression analysis showed that online cognitions, anxious arousal, and online dissociation were significantly associated with pathological Internet use. Our findings showed that the online dissociation as measured by the Van Online Dissociative Experiences Schedule and mental dissociation as indexed by the Dissociative Experiences Scale are qualitatively different constructs in relation to addictive behaviors on the net. Online dissociation and online cognitions seem to be crucial vulnerability factors for pathological Internet use.
The Role of Sleep Effort as a Mediator Between Anxiety and Depression
Authors: Borges Cristina , Ellis Jason G. , Ruivo Marques Daniel
Published: January 2023

Depression, anxiety, and insomnia are all conditions that share a complex bidirectional relationship. Sleep effort is a construct with cognitive and behavioral components that perpetuates insomnia. Although many studies have examined the associations between these three variables, no studies have yet examined sleep effort as a mediating variable between anxiety and depression and vice versa. Online versions of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale were administered to a sample of 1927 higher education students aged 18–40 years (75.9% women and 76% from 18 to 23 years old). As part of the survey, participants also completed a sociodemographic questionnaire. Mediation analysis indicated that sleep effort mediates the relationship between depression and anxiety, when the former was the predictor and the latter was the criterion. Moreover, sleep effort also mediated the relationship between anxiety and depression when the former was the predictor and the latter was the criterion, albeit in a lesser extent. Sleep effort appears to play a bidirectional mediational role between depression and anxiety, being a potential target for intervention.
The Effect of Multicultural Attitudes and Perceived Intergroup Threat on Attitudes Towards Immigrants in Portugal: A Polynomial Regression With Response Surface Analysis
Authors: Gonçalves Gabriela , Sousa Cátia , Arasaratnam-Smith Lily A.
Published: January 2023

Supported by the Intergroup Threat Theory (ITT), this study analyzes the effect of multicultural ideology on attitudes towards immigrants mediated by realistic, symbolic, and zero-sum threats. With a sample of Portuguese participants ( N = 404)), polynomial regression analysis with response surface methodology was used to test the effects of multicultural attitude (MA) and perceived intergroup threat (PIT) on attitudes towards immigrants (ATI). This study also tested a model in which positive MA leads to a lower PIT, and consequently to more favorable ATI. Four hypotheses were proposed; all of which were confirmed. The results further showed that the direction of discrepancy between MA and PIT can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the complex role of multicultural ideology in predicting ATI. Findings, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Mapping the Contours of Black Juvenile Delinquency: The Journal of Negro Education, 1945-1975
Authors: Dougherty Deirdre Mayer
Published: January 2023

This essay draws on media studies methodologies to map the ways in which the Journal of Negro Education (JNE) defined juvenile delinquency both as a legal and social construct and how its contributors and approached the relationship between delinquency and schooling between 1945 and 1975. Situated in the mediatized history of social science and its role in defining issues of public concern, and in historiography that attends to the criminalization of black youth, this essay contends that the shifting meanings of what delinquency symbolized in the pages of JNE and its relationship to race allow us insight into how the liberal democratic state has approached who counts as a citizen, who can be included in the future of the nation, and how schools as total institutions are related to white supremacist notions of discipline and control.
Optimizing Reversal of Muscle Relaxation with Sugammadex to Accelerate Discharge Readiness in Operative Laryngoscopy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ellison Pavithra R , Statler Alec , Dragan Kristen , Shepherd Jason , Chesney Jason Mc , Chung Jeffson , Fancy Tanya , Ritchie Kyle M , Moore Lucas , Ellison Matthew B
Published: January 2023

Importance:

Operative laryngoscopy is a commonly performed ambulatory procedure in patients with significant co-morbidity. Optimal anesthetics for surgical exposure with rapid return to baseline after the procedure enhances postoperative patient safety.

Objective

To determine whether sugammadex hastens recovery in patients undergoing operative laryngoscopy under general anesthesia with rocuronium-induced paralysis.

Design

Prospective clinical intervention randomized single-blinded, single-center study in an academic tertiary care center. Approved by the institutional review board and registered with ClinicalTrials.gov

Settings

Single center tertiary care academic institution.

Participants

18 years or older, American Society of Anesthesiology physical status I–III with ability to give written informed consent undergoing operative laryngoscopy.

Intervention

Participants were randomized into two groups. Both groups received inhaled anesthetic: sevoflurane, remifentanil, and rocuronium at 0.6–1.2 mg/kg for intubation and anti-nausea prophylaxis. Group 1 received reversal with neostigmine (0.04 mg/kg) and glycopyrrolate (0.01 mg/kg). Group 2 received reversal with sugammadex (4 mg/kg). Vital signs were maintained at 20% of baseline in both groups. Post anesthesia care unit nurses were blinded to the reversal agent and were the evaluators of the discharge criteria and times. Primary end point was time to extubation after the procedures and secondary end points were: Subjective interpretation of surgical conditions by the surgeon, hemodynamic, respiratory parameters, anesthetics, and opioids used, operative time, and duration to achieve discharge readiness.

Results

A total of eighty-four participants, who were similar in age, sex, and weight in both groups. The primary end point and secondary end points were similar except time to meet discharge criteria in the two groups. 65% in the sugammadex versus 35% in the neostigmine group met Aldrete criteria of 18 or higher on arrival at the post anesthesia care unit.

Conclusions

Optimizing the anesthetic regimen, along with stable intraoperative hemodynamics and reversal with sugammadex improves discharge readiness in patients undergoing operative laryngoscopy.
Prognostic Value of Preoperative Controlling Nutritional Status in Hypopharyngeal Cancer Patients Undergoing Surgery-Oriented Comprehensive Treatment
Authors: Ding Teng , Li Wanxin , Liu Yuhe , Liu Liangfa , Dong Yanbo
Published: January 2023

Objectives

The preoperative controlling nutritional status (pCONUT) score has been shown correlated with the prognosis of some cancerous diseases; however, little is known about the effect of pCONUT score on hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC). Therefore, the objective of our study was to demonstrate the relationship between the pCONUT score and the clinical outcome of patients with HPC.

Patients and Methods

Ninety-four patients with HPC who underwent surgery between May 2012 and Dec 2020 were enrolled in this study. We evaluated retrospectively their pCONUT scores and calculated the cutoff value regarding the patients’ overall survival using the X-tile software. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to determine how the pCONUT score affected overall survival.

Results

A cutoff level of 4 was determined to be optimal for the pCONUT score, by which the patients were grouped into high pCONUT score (≥4, n = 22, 23.4%) or low pCONUT score (<4, n = 72, 76.6%) groups. The univariate analysis showed that high pCONUT scores correlated with reduced overall survival (hazard ratio: 2.925, 95% confidence interval: 1.526-5.607, P = .001). Furthermore, the multivariate analysis also showed that high pCONUT scores increased the risk of overall death (hazard ratio: 2.639, 95% confidence interval: 1.365-5.101, P = .004).

Conclusions

The pCONUT score is considered a useful prognostic factor in patients with HPC.
A Tale of Two Types of Standard Setting: Evidence From Artificial Intelligence in China
Authors: Zhang Jiamin , Li Xiaohua , Tong Tony
Published: January 2023

This study explores how technologically sophisticated firms respond to different types of standard setting in an emerging economy. Considering the heterogeneous institutional logics that are embedded in a hybrid-mode standard-setting system, we distinguish between market- and government-led standard setting. Using data of 8,519 artificial intelligence–active firms engaging in Chinese artificial intelligence standard setting from 2010 to 2020, we demonstrate that firms with superior technological capability are more likely to engage in market-led versus government-led standard setting. This is due to divergent goals and norms in different types of standard setting. We also find that subfield technological diversity intensifies market competition, thereby improving the incentive of firms with superior technological capability to engage in market-led standard setting with the aim of shaping future technological trajectories. Additionally, government ownership relieves goal misalignment and mitigates firms’ concerns about technology expropriation, thus promoting firms’ engagement in government-led standard setting.
Understanding stability and change in depressive symptom trajectories across young adulthood through the lens of career development: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Shulman Shmuel , Yonatan-Leus Refael , Silberberg Ornella
Published: January 2023

Research has documented both stable and nonstable trajectories of depressive symptoms across young adulthood, but has not explored the mechanisms that might explain change in level of depressive affect over time. To explore this question, the current study draws on data from an Israeli longitudinal study of 205 young adults who reported their depressed symptoms four times from ages 23 to 35 years. Employing a latent profile analysis (LPA), three distinct trajectories of depressive symptoms were identified: stable low, moderate and decreasing, and stable high. To understand how stability and change in the course of depressive symptoms across time aligns with career development, 60 participants (20 from each profile), who had completed in-depth career development history interviews at age 29, were randomly selected. Subjecting the interviews to qualitative analysis showed that participants belonging to the stable low depressive symptoms trajectory were more likely to be intrinsically motivated, having the capacity to learn from their experiences, which resulted in a more successful career pursuit. In contrast, participants who consistently exhibited a high level of depressive affect were more likely to lack motivation, tended to feel at a loss, and were less likely to know what they want to do with their lives. Participants who were identified as belonging to the moderate and decreasing trajectory were more likely to describe the lack of a clear view of their future career plans. However, due to encouragement from significant others, they eventually found their niche. Conceptually, findings underscore the importance of understanding career factors that could covary with stability or change in the level of depressive symptoms during young adulthood.
The effect of implementation intentions on event-, time-, and activity-based prospective memory in typically developing children
Authors: Yang Tian-Xiao , Zhang Shi-Yu , Wang Ya , Su Xiao-Min , Yuan Chen-Wei , Lui Simon S. Y. , Chan Raymond C. K.
Published: January 2023

Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember and complete planned tasks in the future, which relies on working memory (WM) for encoding and maintaining the intention. Implementation intention is a useful strategy for improving PM function in adults. Yet the effect of implementation intentions in children, and whether factors such as age, gender, and WM capacity could modulate its effect remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of implementation intentions on PM in 154 children at 7–11 years of age. The standard group received standard instructions on PM task, whereas the implementation intention group received additional PM instruction, which comprised the “if . . . then . . .” format and guided visual imagery of the PM scenario. Participants completed the computer-based PM tasks (tapping into focal event-, time-, and activity-based PM) and the WM tests. The results showed that the two groups exhibited similar focal event-, time-, and activity-based PM performance. Although age and gender did not modulate the effect of implementation intentions on PM, WM capacity moderated the implementation intention effect on time-based PM. Specifically, higher WM capacity predicted higher implementation intention benefit. These findings suggest that children with higher WM capacity may have higher chance to benefit from the implementation intention strategy.
Creative problem-solving ability does not occur by chance: Examining the dynamic system model of creative problem solving ability
Authors: Lin Chia-Yi
Published: January 2023

This study examined Cho’s dynamic system model of creative problem-solving ability in a sample of 112 gifted and non-gifted students. The cluster analysis and t-test results indicated that students should be categorized into high and low performance groups. Students who scored three points or more across all attributes also had a higher likelihood of possessing better mathematical creative problem-solving abilities. Furthermore, significant differences were found in the two groups’ scores on the Creative Problem Solving Attributes Inventory and Mathematical Creative Problem Solving Ability Test. The environment attribute was the only one on which the two groups did not differ significantly; this may be the result of education fever in Asian societies. Finally, the results of this study not only indicated that creativity does not rely on a single factor but that a well-balanced environment is imperative to nurturing creativity.
Analysis of climate change disinformation across types, agents and media platforms
Authors: Hassan Isyaku , Musa Rabiu Muazu , Latiff Azmi Mohd Nazri , Razali Abdullah Mohamad , Yusoff Siti Zanariah
Published: January 2023

Disinformation represents one of the major obstacles to meaningful actions against climate change skepticism. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate climate change disinformation across types, agents, and media platforms as reported in selected online newspapers. A total of 124 news articles gathered from Malaysia's The Star and New Straits Times were subjected to content analysis. The articles were collected from the newspapers’ digital archives between August 2015 and October 2021 using “climate change” and “disinformation” as keywords. Subsequently, data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and descriptive statistics. The study found that disinformation about climate change is more likely to be spread by politicians, organizations, and anonymous agencies compared with business tycoons, celebrities, and academics. Also, misleading and fabricated contents represent the most common types of disinformation spread by politicians. The findings suggest that politics and social media represent the most critical factors influencing climate change. The study, therefore, calls for the joint efforts of activists, media practitioners, and governments to mitigate disinformation about climate change.
Outcomes of heparinized adult veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients managed with low and high activated partial thromboplastin time targets: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mazzeffi Michael , Lin Dora , Gonzalez-Almada Alberto , Stombaugh D Keegan , Curley Jonathan , Mangunta Venkat , Teman Nicholas , Yarboro Leora T , Thiele Robert
Published: January 2023

Introduction

There are no randomized controlled trials comparing low and high activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) targets in heparinized adult veno-arterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients. Our systematic review and meta-analysis summarized complication rates in adult VA ECMO patients treated with low and high aPTT targets.

Methods

Studies published from January 2000 to May 2022 were identified using Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature). Studies were included if aPTT was primarily used to guide heparin anticoagulation. For the low aPTT group, we included studies where aPTT goal was ≤60 seconds and for the high aPTT group, we included studies where aPTT goal was ≥60 seconds. Proportional meta-analysis with a random effects model was used to calculate pooled complication rates for patients in the two aPTT groups.

Results

Twelve studies met inclusion criteria (5 in the low aPTT group and 7 in the high aPTT group). The pooled bleeding complication incidence for low aPTT studies was 53.6% (95% CI = 37.4%–69.4%, I2 = 60.8%) and for high aPTT studies was 43.8% (95% CI = 21.7%–67.1%, I2 = 91.8%). No studies in the low aPTT group reported overall thrombosis incidence, while three studies in the high aPTT group reported overall thrombosis incidence. The pooled thrombosis incidence for high aPTT studies was 16.1% (95% CI = 9.0%–24.5%, I2 = 13.1%).

Conclusions

Adult ECMO patients managed with low and high aPTT goals appeared to have similar bleeding and other complication rates further highlighting the need for a randomized controlled trial.
Effectiveness of electrotherapy for the treatment of orofacial pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: de Castro-Carletti Ester Moreira , Müggenborg Frauke , Dennett Liz , Sobral de Oliveira-Souza Ana Izabela , Mohamad Norazlin , Pertille Adriana , Rodrigues-Bigaton Delaine , Armijo-Olivo Susan
Published: January 2023

Objective

Summarize the evidence from randomized controlled trials and controlled trials that examined the effectiveness of electrotherapy in the treatment of patients with orofacial pain.

Data Source

Medline, Embase, CINAHL PLUS with Full text, Cochrane Library Trials, Web of Science, and Scopus.

Review Methods

A data search (last update, July 1, 2022) and a manual search were performed (October 5, 2022). Trials involving adults with orofacial pain receiving electrotherapy compared with any other type of treatment were included. The main outcome was pain intensity; secondary outcomes were mouth opening and tenderness. The reporting was based on the new PRISMA Guidelines.

Results

From the electronics databases and manual search 43 studies were included. Although this study was open to including any type of orofacial pain, only studies that investigated temporomandibular disorders were found. The overall quality of the evidence for pain intensity was very low. Although the results should be carefully used, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation therapy showed to be clinically superior to placebo for reducing pain after treatment (2.63 [−0.48; 5.74]) and at follow-up (0.96 [−0.02; 1.95]) and reduce tenderness after treatment (1.99 [−0.33; 4.32]) and at follow-up (2.43 [−0.24; 5.10]) in subjects with mixed temporomandibular disorders.

Conclusion

The results of this systematic review support the use of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation therapy for patients with mixed temporomandibular disorders to improve pain intensity, and tenderness demonstrating that transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation is superior to placebo. There is inconsistent evidence supporting the superiority of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation against other therapies.
The Development of Early Adolescents’ Social Perspective Taking Through Small-Group Discussion
Authors: Wen Ziye , Lin Tzu-Jung , Glassman Michael , Kim Saetbyul , Tilak Shantanu , Nagpal Manisha , Ha Seung Yon
Published: January 2023

The current study examined the development of early adolescents’ social perspective taking (SPT) through collaborative small-group discussions. A total of 250 fifth-graders were assigned to three conditions, Collaborative Social Reasoning (CSR) discussions, Read-Aloud (RA) and Regular Instruction (RI). SPT was assessed before and after the intervention using an action-based argumentation essay task through a theory-driven coding scheme aiming at capturing individuals’ agentic role in SPT and SPT justification strategies. Poisson regressions with Generalized Estimating Equations based on the young adolescents’ essays revealed that CSR peer group members considered more justified perspectives of the issues and provided more justification based on story events and emotional concerns for the perspectives in comparison with fifth graders in the RA and RI groups. Individuals in the RA group generated more emotional justification for their perspectives than RI members. The findings provide insights into the social process of developing SPT under collaborative small-group discussions.
Impact of oral health management on mental health and psychological disease: a scoping review
Authors: Matsuda Shinpei , Yoshimura Hitoshi
Published: January 2023

Objective

The relationship between oral and mental health has been controversial. Few studies have assessed the direct effects of oral health management on mental health and psychological disease. Using evidence from the last 5 years, this scoping review aimed to map and discuss recent progress in understanding this relationship.

Methods

Electronic literature searches were performed using PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases. An additional manual search was performed using Google Scholar databases. Studies were selected using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 flow diagram.

Results

An eligibility review process identified three randomized controlled trials for inclusion in this review. The oral health interventions and participants’ target age, mental health status, and psychological diseases varied across these studies. The only study that reported an improvement included psychosocial support integrated with educational components of oral health as the intervention. The remaining two studies detected no significant impact of oral health interventions on mental health and psychological disease.

Conclusions

Evidence of the impact of oral health management on mental health and psychological disease is insufficient in studies published between 2017 and 2021.