bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of two 24-week multimodal exercise programs on reaction time, mobility, and dual-task performance in community-dwelling older adults at risk of falling: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rosado Hugo , Bravo Jorge , Raimundo Armando , Carvalho Joana , Marmeleira José , Pereira Catarina
Published: November 2021

Background

Falls in older adults are considered a major public health problem. Declines in cognitive and physical functions, as measured by parameters including reaction time, mobility, and dual-task performance, have been reported to be important risk factors for falls. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two multimodal programs on reaction time, mobility, and dual-task performance in community-dwelling older adults at risk of falling.

Methods

In this randomized controlled trial, fifty-one participants (75.4 ± 5.6 years) were allocated into two experimental groups (EGs) (with sessions 3 times per week for 24 weeks), and a control group: EG1 was enrolled in a psychomotor intervention program, EG2 was enrolled in a combined exercise program (psychomotor intervention program + whole-body vibration program), and the control group maintained their usual daily activities. The participants were assessed at baseline, after the intervention, and after a 12-week no-intervention follow-up period.

Results

The comparisons revealed significant improvements in mobility and dual-task performance after the intervention in EG1, while there were improvements in reaction time, mobility, and dual-task performance in EG2 (p ≤ 0.05). The size of the interventions’ clinical effect was medium in EG1 and ranged from medium to large in EG2. The comparisons also showed a reduction in the fall rate in both EGs (EG1: -44.2%; EG2: − 63.0%, p ≤ 0.05) from baseline to post-intervention. The interventions’ effects on reaction time, mobility, and dual-task performance were no longer evident after the 12-week no-intervention follow-up period.

Conclusions

The results suggest that multimodal psychomotor programs were well tolerated by community-dwelling older adults and were effective for fall prevention, as well as for the prevention of cognitive and physical functional decline, particularly if the programs are combined with whole-body vibration exercise. The discontinuation of these programs could lead to the fast reversal of the positive outcomes achieved.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03446352. Date of registration: February 07, 2018.
Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in Florida and association with large-scale natural disasters
Authors: Kambali Shweta , Quinonez Elena , Sharifi Arash , Shahraki Abdolrazagh Hashemi , Kumar Naresh , Dushyantha Jayaweera , Mirsaeidi Mehdi
Published: November 2021

Background

Little is known about the impact of the ecosystem disruption and its contribution on the non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) diseases (cases) rate in Florida (FL), a state with a high prevalence of NTM in the United States. We aimed to evaluate the epidemiological distribution of NTM in FL and identify its association with extreme weather events.

Methods

We used OneFlorida Clinical Research Consortium dataset and extracted data on NTM cases using ICD codes 9- CM 031.0 and ICD-10 A31 during 2012–2018. The number of hurricanes during the study period which affected FL were extracted data from the National Hurricane Center (NHC) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

Results

Prevalence of NTM gradually increased during the study period. The rate was 2012: 14.3/100,000, 2015; 20.1/100,000 and 2018; 22.6/100,00 except in 2014 where there was an 8% decrease. The incidences were 2012; 6.5/100,00, 2015; 4.9/100,000 and in 2015; 5.4/100,000. Geographical analysis demonstrated a gradual expansion of the NTM cases in Alachua, and Marion Counties throughout the study period. Notably, the 2018 heat map showed higher prevalence of NTM in the northwestern, panhandle region of FL which had been absent in the heat maps for years 2012–2018. High number of the hurricanes was associated with the higher number of the new cases of NTM infection for years 2012, 2016–2018, while the lower number of the hurricanes was associated with the lower number of the new cases of NTM infection for years 2014–2015.

Conclusion

The current study found the prevalence rates of NTM disease in FL rose from 2012 to 2018. A higher prevalence was seen following the hurricanes.
Evaluation of the knowledge regarding vitamin D, and sunscreen use of female adolescents in Iran
Authors: Bahrami Afsane , Farjami Zahra , Ferns Gordon A. , Hanachi Parichehr , Mobarhan Majid Ghayour
Published: November 2021

Background

Vitamin D (Vit D) deficiency/insufficiency is an important risk factor for several chronic conditions. We aimed to evaluate the knowledge and behavior of female adolescents with respect to the association between sunlight exposure, sunscreen use, and Vit D status.

Methods

This cross-sectional survey was performed in northeastern Iran, among 940 female adolescents in January 2015. Each subject completed a questionnaire containing items about demographic characteristics, knowledge about Vit D and their use of sunscreen. Serum Vit D levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence method and dietary intake of Vit D was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Few of the participants were aware of the biological functions of Vit D (8.8%), the causes of Vit D deficiency (16.7%), and the sources of Vit D (9.3%). Less than half of the participants used sunscreen during the day. The serum levels of Vit D in subjects who used sunscreen were significantly lower than those who did not (p = 0.004). However, there was no significant association between their knowledge about Vit D and serum Vit D, or dietary intake of Vit D.

Conclusion

There appears to be a lack of coherence between lifestyle, behavior and knowledge that may affect the Vit D status of adolescent girls in northeastern Iran. This information provides a basis for developing public health planning (workshops or training at the college level) for the prevention of Vit D deficiency especially in adolescent girls.
Comparative study of functional outcomes between OTA/AO type C, Gustilo type I/II open fractures and closed fractures of the distal humerus treated by open reduction and internal fixation
Authors: Chen Chen , Xiao Dan , Li Ting , Gong Maoqi , Zha Yejun , Hua Kehan , Sun Weitong , Ji Shangwei , Jiang Xieyuan
Published: November 2021

Background

To evaluate the difference of functional outcomes between OTA/AO type C, Gustilo type I/II open fractures and closed fractures of the distal humerus after open reduction and internal fixation.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with OTA/AO-C distal humerus fractures who were treated in our department from January 2014 to December 2016. The patients were divided into an open fracture group and a closed fracture group. Their baseline characteristics and functional outcomes were analyzed and compared.

Results

A total of 64 patients treated by operative fixation were identified (25 open and 39 closed injuries), and the average follow-up time was 35.1 ± 13.6 months. There were no significant differences in the range of motion (ROM) of the elbow, Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, complications, hospitalization time, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, or medical costs between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

OTA/AO type C, Gustilo I/II distal humeral open fractures can yield satisfactory clinical results similar to those of closed distal humeral fractures after open reduction and internal fixation.

Level of evidence

Therapeutic Level III; Retrospective Cohort Comparison; Treatment Study.
Modified osteotomy for treatment of forearm deformities (Masada IIb) in hereditary multiple osteochondromas: a retrospective review
Authors: Yan Ge , Nan Guoxin
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Approximately 30% of patients with hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO) have forearm deformity and dysfunction. The aim of this retrospective study was to review our experience with the surgical treatment of children with HMO and Masada IIb forearm deformities.

Methods

Data of eight children treated for HMO Masada IIb forearm deformity at our hospital between 2015 and 2019 were collected from the hospital records and retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent ulnar lengthening by distraction osteogenesis using either the Orthofix or Ilizarov external fixator. Range of movements at the elbow and wrist joints, and forearm supination/pronation, before and after the operation were recorded. Radiographs were evaluated by the Fogel method, and wrist joint function by the Krimmer method.

Results

Follow-up radiographs showed significant improvement in relative ulnar shortening after treatment (pre-operative 9.23 ± 5.21 mm; post-operative 0.33 ± 4.13 mm). Changes in radial articular angle (pre-operative 33.55° ± 3.88° to 32.78° ± 6.57°) and carpal slip (pre-operative 45.00% ± 19.09%; post-operative 43.13% ± 16.68%) were not significant. Elbow flexion and extension, wrist flexion and extension, ulnar and radial deviation at wrist, and forearm rotation were significantly improved after surgery. Wrist function was graded as excellent in seven patients and as good in one patient. One patient treated with the Ilizarov external fixator had poor radial head reduction.

Conclusion

Ulnar lengthening with distraction osteogenesis is an effective treatment for HMO Masada IIb deformities. The optimum site for ulnar osteotomy appears to be at the proximal one-third to one-fourth of the ulna.
Implications of remote monitoring Technology in Optimizing Traditional Self-Monitoring of blood glucose in adults with T2DM in primary care
Authors: Montero Alex R. , Toro-Tobon David , Gann Kelly , Nassar Carine M. , Youssef Gretchen A. , Magee Michelle F.
Published: November 2021

Background

Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) has been shown to reduce hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C). Accordingly, guidelines recommend SMBG up to 4–10 times daily for adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on insulin. For persons not on insulin, recommendations are equivocal. Newer technology-enabled blood glucose monitoring (BGM) devices can facilitate remote monitoring of glycemic data. New evidence generated by remote BGM may help to guide best practices for frequency and timing of finger-stick blood glucose (FSBG) monitoring in uncontrolled T2DM patients managed in primary care settings. This study aims to evaluate the impact of SMBG utility and frequency on glycemic outcomes using a novel BGM system which auto-transfers near real-time FSBG data to a cloud-based dashboard using cellular networks.

Methods

Secondary analysis of the intervention arm of a comparative non-randomized trial with propensity-matched chart controls. Adults with T2DM and HbA1C > 9% receiving care in five primary care practices in a healthcare system participated in a 3-month diabetes boot camp (DBC) using telemedicine and a novel BGM to support comprehensive diabetes care management. The primary independent variable was frequency of FSBG. Secondary outcomes included frequency of FSBG by insulin status, distribution of FSBG checks by time of day, and hypoglycemia rates.

Results

48,111 FSBGs were transmitted by 359 DBC completers. Participants performed 1.5 FSBG checks/day; with 1.6 checks/day for those on basal/bolus insulin. Higher FSBG frequency was associated with greater improvement in HbA1C independent of insulin treatment status (p = 0.0003). FSBG frequency was higher in patients treated with insulin (p = 0.003). FSBG checks were most common pre-breakfast and post-dinner. Hypoglycemia was rare (1.2% < 70 mg/dL).

Conclusions

Adults with uncontrolled T2DM achieved significant HbA1C improvement performing just 1.5 FSBGs daily during a technology-enabled diabetes care intervention. Among the 40% taking insulin, this improvement was achieved with a lower FSBG frequency than guidelines recommend. For those not on insulin, despite a lower frequency of FSBG, they achieved a greater reduction in A1C compared to patients on insulin. Low frequency FSBG monitoring pre-breakfast and post-dinner can potentially support optimization of glycemic control regardless of insulin status in the primary care setting.

Trial registration

Trial registration number:NCT02925312 (10/19/2016).
Promotion of gastric tumor initiating cells in a 3D collagen gel culture model via YBX1/SPP1/NF-κB signaling
Authors: Deng Shuangya , Li Lun , Xu Shu , Wang Xiaobo , Han Tong
Published: November 2021

Background

The high potential for tumor recurrence and chemoresistance is a major challenge of clinical gastric cancer treatment. Increasing evidence suggests that the presence of tumor initiating cells (TICs) is the principal cause of tumor recurrence and chemoresistance. However, the underlying mechanism of TIC development remains controversial.

Methods

To identify novel molecular pathways in gastric cancer, we screened the genomic expression profile of 155 gastric cancer patients from the TCGA database. We then described an improved 3D collagen I gels and tested the effects of collagen on the TIC phenotype of gastric cells using colony formation assay, transwell assay, and nude mouse models. Additionally, cell apoptosis assay was performed to examine the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorine and paclitaxel on gastric cancer cells cultured in 3D collagen I gels.

Results

Elevated expression of type I collagen was observed in tumor tissues from high stage patients (stage T3–T4) when compared to the low stage group (n=10, stage T1–T2). Furthermore, tumor cells seeded in a low concentration of collagen gels acquired TIC-like phenotypes and revealed enhanced resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, which was dependent on an integrin β1 (ITGB1)/Y-box Binding Protein 1 (YBX1)/Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1)/NF-κB signaling pathway. Importantly, inhibition of ITGB1/NF-κB signaling efficiently reversed the chemoresistance induced by collagen and promoted anticancer effects in vivo.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrated that type I collagen promoted TIC-like phenotypes and chemoresistance through ITGB1/YBX1/SPP1/NF-κB pathway, which may provide novel insights into gastric cancer therapy.
A colorimetric test for the evaluation of the insecticide content of LLINs used on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Kaur Harparkash , Allan Elizabeth Louise , Eggelte Teunis A. , García Guillermo A. , Monti Feliciano
Published: November 2021

Background

Insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying of insecticides are used as the vector control interventions in the fight against malaria. Measuring the actual amount of deposits of insecticides on bed nets and walls is essential for evaluating the quality and effectiveness of the intervention. A colorimetric “Test Kit” designed for use as a screening tool, able to detect the type II pyrethroids on fabrics and sprayed walls, was used for the first time to detect deltamethrin on long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) deployed on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea.

Methods

LLINs were analysed using the colorimetric Test Kit performed in situ, which leads to the formation of an orange-red solution whose depth of colour indicates the amount of type II pyrethroid on the net. The kit results were validated by measuring the amount of extracted insecticide using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD).

Results

Deltamethrin concentration was determined for 130 LLINs by HPLC–DAD. The deltamethrin concentration of these nets exhibited a significant decrease with the age of the net from 65 mg/m2 (< 12 months of use) to 31 mg/m2 (> 48 months; p < 0.001). Overall, 18% of the nets being used in households had < 15 mg/m2 of deltamethrin, thus falling into the “Fail” category as assessed by the colorimetric Test Kit. This was supported by determining the bio-efficacy of the nets using the WHO recommended cone bioassays. The Test Kit was field evaluated in situ and found to be rapid, accurate, and easy to use by people without laboratory training. The Test Kit was shown to have a reliable linear relationship between the depth of colour produced and deltamethrin concentration (R2 = 0.9135).

Conclusion

This study shows that this colorimetric test was a reliable method to assess the insecticidal content of LLINs under operational conditions. The Test Kit provides immediate results and offers a rapid, inexpensive, field-friendly alternative to the complicated and costly methods such as HPLC and WHO cone bioassays which also need specialist staff. Thus, enabling National Malaria Control Programmes to gain access to effective and affordable monitoring tools for use in situ.
The role of distinct BRD4 isoforms and their contribution to high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma pathogenesis
Authors: Drumond-Bock Ana Luiza , Bieniasz Magdalena
Published: November 2021

High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most aggressive type of ovarian cancer, often diagnosed at advanced stages. Molecularly, HGSOC shows high degree of genomic instability associated with large number of genetic alterations. BRD4 is the 4th most amplified gene in HGSOC, which correlates with poor patients’ prognosis. BRD4 is constitutively expressed and generates two proteins, BRD4 long (BRD4-L) and BRD4 short (BRD4-S). Both isoforms contain bromodomains that bind to lysine-acetylated histones. Amongst other functions, BRD4 participates in chromatin organization, acetylation of histones, transcriptional control and DNA damage repair. In cancer patients with amplified BRD4, the increased activity of BRD4 is associated with higher expression of oncogenes, such as MYC, NOTCH3 and NRG1. BRD4-driven oncogenes promote increased tumor cells proliferation, genetic instability, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis and chemoresistance. Ablation of BRD4 activity can be successfully achieved with bromodomain inhibitors (BETi) and degraders, and it has been applied in pre-clinical and clinical settings. Inhibition of BRD4 function has an effective anti-cancer effect, reducing tumor growth whether ablated by single agents or in combination with other drugs. When combined with standard chemotherapy, BETi are capable of sensitizing highly resistant ovarian cancer cell lines to platinum drugs. Despite the evidence that BRD4 amplification in ovarian cancer contributes to poor patient prognosis, little is known about the specific mechanisms by which BRD4 drives tumor progression. In addition, newly emerging data revealed that BRD4 isoforms exhibit contradicting functions in cancer. Therefore, it is paramount to expand studies elucidating distinct roles of BRD4-L and BRD4-S in HGSOC, which has important implications on development of therapeutic approaches targeting BRD4.
Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 37: an important cog in the oncogenic machinery of cancerous cells
Authors: Chauhan Ravi , Bhat Ajaz A. , Masoodi Tariq , Bagga Puneet , Reddy Ravinder , Gupta Ashna , Sheikh Zahoor Ahmad , Macha Muzafar A. , Haris Mohammad , Singh Mayank
Published: November 2021

Protein ubiquitination is one of the most crucial posttranslational modifications responsible for regulating the stability and activity of proteins involved in homeostatic cellular function. Inconsistencies in the ubiquitination process may lead to tumorigenesis. Ubiquitin-specific peptidases are attractive therapeutic targets in different cancers and are being evaluated for clinical development. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 37 (USP37) is one of the least studied members of the USP family. USP37 controls numerous aspects of oncogenesis, including stabilizing many different oncoproteins. Recent work highlights the role of USP37 in stimulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in lung and breast cancer by stabilizing SNAI1 and stimulating the sonic hedgehog pathway, respectively. Several aspects of USP37 biology in cancer cells are yet unclear and are an active area of research. This review emphasizes the importance of USP37 in cancer and how identifying its molecular targets and signalling networks in various cancer types can help advance cancer therapeutics.
Metal complexation-mediated stable and biocompatible nanoformulation of clinically approved near-infrared absorber for improved tumor targeting and photonic theranostics
Authors: Lee Yong-Deok , Shin Hyeon Jeong , Yoo Jounghyun , Kim Gayoung , Kang Min-Kyoung , Lee Jae Jun , Bang Joona , Yang Jin-Kyoung , Kim Sehoon
Published: November 2021

Indocyanine green (ICG) is a clinically approved dye that has shown great promise as a phototheranostic material with fluorescent, photoacoustic and photothermal responses in the near-infrared region. However, it has certain limitations, such as poor photostability and non-specific binding to serum proteins, subjected to rapid clearance and decreased theranostic efficacy in vivo. This study reports stable and biocompatible nanoparticles of ICG (ICG-Fe NPs) where ICG is electrostatically complexed with an endogenously abundant metal ion (Fe3+) and subsequently nanoformulated with a clinically approved polymer surfactant, Pluronic F127. Under near-infrared laser irradiation, ICG-Fe NPs were found to be more effective for photothermal temperature elevation than free ICG molecules owing to the improved photostability. In addition, ICG-Fe NPs showed the markedly enhanced tumor targeting and visualization with photoacoustic/fluorescent signaling upon intravenous injection, attributed to the stable metal complexation that prevents ICG-Fe NPs from releasing free ICG before tumor targeting. Under dual-modal imaging guidance, ICG-Fe NPs could successfully potentiate photothermal therapy of cancer by applying near-infrared laser irradiation, holding potential as a promising nanomedicine composed of all biocompatible ingredients for clinically relevant phototheranostics.
Social Media, Body Image and Resistance Training: Creating the Perfect ‘Me’ with Dietary Supplements, Anabolic Steroids and SARM’s
Authors: Hilkens Luuk , Cruyff Maarten , Woertman Liesbeth , Benjamins Jeroen , Evers Catharine
Published: November 2021

Background

Few studies have assessed the use of dietary supplements, anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and selective androgen receptor modulators (SARM) in male gym users. The comparison of physical appearance with others on social media and the exposure to fitness-related content on social media (i.e., image-centric social media use) may have a profound role in using these compounds due to its role in creating negative body images in male gym users.

Objective

Provide contemporary data on the use of dietary supplements, AAS and SARM among young male gym users, and test the hypothesis that social media is associated with the use of dietary supplements, AAS and SARM, as a result of a negative body image.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, conducted in the Netherlands, male gym users (N = 2269; 24 ± 6 years) completed an online questionnaire including self-reported measures regarding resistance training participation, image-centric social media use, dietary supplement intake, and body image. The prevalence of AAS and SARM use was assessed with randomized response, a technique to ask sensitive questions indirectly.

Results

Of all participants, 83% used ergogenic dietary supplements (mainly protein and creatine), and an estimated 9 versus 2.7% had ever used AAS versus SARM. Image-centric social media use was positively associated with the use of dietary supplements (r = .26;p < 0.01) and AAS (p < 0.05), but not SARM. Image-centric social media use was associated with a more dissatisfied body image (r = .34;p < 0.01). Body image did not mediate the relationship between image-centric social media use and the use of doping compounds.

Conclusions

The use of dietary supplements in young male gym users is exorbitant, with the use of AAS and SARM being substantial. Image-centric social media use is positively associated with the use of dietary supplements and AAS.
The impact of Hurricane Maria on Puerto Rico’s health system: post-disaster perceptions and experiences of health care providers and administrators
Authors: Rodríguez-Madera Sheilla L. , Varas-Díaz Nelson , Padilla Mark , Grove Kevin , Rivera-Bustelo Kariela , Ramos Jeffrey , Contreras-Ramirez Violeta , Rivera-Rodríguez Sergio , Vargas-Molina Ricardo , Santini Jose
Published: November 2021

Background

After its landfall in Puerto Rico in 2017, Hurricane Maria caused the longest blackout in United States history, producing cascading effects on a health care system that had already been weakened by decades of public sector austerity and neoliberal health reforms. This article addresses how health care professionals and administrators experienced the health care system’s collapse and the strategies used by them to meet their communities' health needs.

Methods

Data were collected between September 2018 and February 2020. Ethnographic observations in health care facilities and semi-structured qualitative interviews with representatives of the health care system were conducted. This paper focuses on data from interviews with health care providers (n = 10) and administrators (n = 10), and an ethnographic visit to a pop-up community clinic. The analysis consisted of systematic thematic coding of the interview transcripts and ethnographic field notes.

Results

Results provide insight on how participants, who witnessed first-hand the collapse of Puerto Rico’s health care system, responded to the crisis after Maria. The prolonged power outage and lack of a disaster management plan were partly responsible for the death of 3,052 individuals who experienced extended interruptions in access to medical care. Participants reported a sense of abandonment by the government and feelings of mistrust. They also described the health sector as chaotic and lacking clear guidelines on how to provide services or cope with personal crises while working under extreme conditions. In such circumstances, they developed resilient responses to meet communities’ health needs (e.g., itinerant acupuncture services, re-locating physicians to local pharmacies).

Conclusions

Participants’ narratives emphasize that the management of Hurricane Maria was fraught with political and economic constraints affecting Puerto Rico. Ineffective planning and post-Maria responses of the local and federal governments were determinants of the disaster’s impact. The findings contribute to a growing scientific literature indicating that Hurricane Maria revealed ‘the collapse before the collapse,’ alluding to the structural deficiencies that presaged the catastrophic event. In the context of governmental abandonment, the authors argue for the importance of developing alternative strategies in post-disaster health care provision among health professionals and administrators who work at the front lines of recovery.
Sleep apnea and unilateral upper and lower extremity allodynia as a result of a large thoracic disc herniation: a case report
Authors: Alexander Tyler D. , Stefanelli Anthony , Thalheimer Sara , Heller Joshua E.
Published: November 2021

Background

Clinically significant disc herniations in the thoracic spine are rare accounting for approximately 1% of all disc herniations. In patients with significant spinal cord compression, presenting symptoms typically include ambulatory dysfunction, lower extremity weakness, lower extremity sensory changes, as well as bowl, bladder, or sexual dysfunction. Thoracic disc herniations can also present with thoracic radiculopathy including midback pain and radiating pain wrapping around the chest or abdomen. The association between thoracic disc herniation with cord compression and sleep apnea is not well described.

Case presentation

The following is a case of a young male patient with high grade spinal cord compression at T7-8, as a result of a large thoracic disc herniation. The patient presented with complaints of upper and lower extremity unilateral allodynia and sleep apnea. Diagnosis was only made once the patient manifested more common symptoms of thoracic stenosis including left lower extremity weakness and sexual dysfunction. Following decompression and fusion the patient’s allodynia and sleep apnea quickly resolved.

Conclusions

Thoracic disc herniations can present atypically with sleep apnea. We recommend taking into consideration that sleep symptoms may resolve when planning treatment for thoracic disc herniation.
Evaluation of the bioactive compounds of Vernonia amygdalina Delile extracts and their antibacterial potentials on water-related bacteria
Authors: Olusola-Makinde Olubukola , Olabanji Olayinka Bukola , Ibisanmi Tope Abraham
Published: November 2021

Background

This study focused on the evaluation of the bioactive compounds of Vernonia amygdalina Del. leaf extracts and their antibacterial potential on some water-related bacterial isolates. The bacterial isolates were confirmed using standard microbiological test. The leaves of V. amygdalina were subjected to extraction using the Maceration method with water and ethanol as the extraction solvents. Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) was carried out on extracts. Antibacterial susceptibility test of V. amygdalina extracts on isolates was carried out.

Results

Aqueous extract of V. amygdalina had a higher percentage yield (11.89%) than the ethanol extract (5.37%). The GC–MS carried out revealed the presence of butanoic acid, squalene, palmitaldehyde, octadecanoic acid, Z-hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, oxirane, tetradecyl, 3- methyl-2-phenylindole, n-heneicosane, phytol, methyl-2-O-benzyl-d-arabinofuranoside, cholest-5-en-3-ol acetate; with hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester and 1,1-diethoxy-3methylbutane having the highest percentage composition of 24.37% and 13.42% in aqueous and ethanol extract, respectively, aqueous extract highly inhibited Escherichia coli with an inhibition zone of 10.333 ± 0.882 and 36.667 ± 0.882 for 25 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml, respectively, while the ethanol extracts inhibited most of the isolates with an inhibition range of 7.000 ± 1.155 to 30.333 ± 0.882. The minimum inhibitory concentration for both extracts on the isolates varies from 25 to 50 mg/ml.

Conclusions

The ethanol extract of V. amygdalina had a higher inhibitory activity on the bacterial isolates than water. These findings indicate the potential of ethanol extract of V. amygdalina leaf in the treatment of water borne infections.
Organization, evolution and function of fengycin biosynthesis gene clusters in the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens group
Authors: Zeng Qingchao , Xie Jianbo , Li Yan , Chen Xinyi , Gu Xiaofei , Yang Panlei , Hu Guangcan , Wang Qi
Published: November 2021

The Bacillus velezensis strain PG12, belonging to the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens group, is an endophytic bacterium known for its antimicrobial activities against crop pathogens. However, our knowledge of the molecular basis underlying its biocontrol activity and the relatedness of different strains in the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens group is limited. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the genome of PG12 to test its taxonomic affiliation and identified genes involved in the biocontrol activity. The phylogenomic analysis results indicate that PG12 belongs to B. velezensis, a subgroup of the B. amyloliquefaciens group. By comparing the genomes of 22 strains in this group, we confirmed that it comprises three different phylogenetic lineages: B. amyloliquefaciens, B. velezensis and B. siamensis. Three secondary metabolism gene clusters related to the production of lipopeptides, namely fengycin, iturin and surfactin, were identified in the genomes of the B. amyloliquefaciens group. The core genome of B. velezensis is enriched in secondary metabolism genes compared with B. siamensis and B. amyloliquefaciens. Three of the five genes pertaining to the gene cluster responsible for fengycin biosynthesis (fenBCD) were found in B. velezensis and B. siamensis, but not in B. amyloliquefaciens. Phenotypic analysis showed that the ∆fenA mutant of PG12 displayed significantly decreased biofilm formation and swarming motility, which indicates that fengycin contributes to the colonization and pathogen control abilities of PG12. Our results also suggest that B. siamensis and B. velezensis have acquired the fenBCD genes from Paenibacillus spp. by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Taken together, the results provide insights into the evolutionary pattern of the B. amyloliquefaciens group strains and will promote further researches on their taxonomy and functional genomics.
A detailed observational study of maternal and neonatal variables affecting the thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in neonates
Authors: Verma N. R. , Naik G. , Patel S. , Padhi P. , Naik T. , Nanda R.
Published: November 2021

Background

Thyroid hormones are essential for fetal growth and the central nervous system development. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is the key regulatory hormone. Their levels are quite dynamic in the perinatal period and are influenced by multiple factors. These factors should be taken into consideration during newborn screening. This study aimed to observe the impact of maternal and neonatal factors on neonatal TSH status.

Results

Neonatal TSH (nTSH) depicted a positive correlation with parity (p = 0.066) while negative correlation recorded with maternal blood haemoglobin (p = 0.007) among maternal factors.

New-born length (p = 0.027) and birth weight (p < 0.001) exhibited a negative correlation with nTSH among neonatal factors.

Conclusions

This study concludes that among all the maternal and neonatal factors, birth weight shows the most influence on nTSH. However, the effect may be compounded by other factors. As these risk elements rarely occur singly, it is often difficult to find the exposure which confer the risk on children. These factors should be considered while interpreting the result of the screening program.
Quality of Life in Men With Prostate Cancer Randomly Allocated to Receive Docetaxel or Abiraterone in the STAMPEDE Trial
Authors: Rush Hannah L. , Murphy Laura , Morgans Alicia K. , Clarke Noel W. , Cook Adrian D. , Attard Gerhardt , Macnair Archie , Dearnaley David P. , Parker Christopher C. , Russell J. Martin , Gillessen Silke , Matheson David , Millman Robin , Brawley Christopher D. , Pugh Cheryl , Tanguay Jacob S. , Jones Robert J. , Wagstaff John , Rudman Sarah , O'Sullivan Joe M. , Gale Joanna , Birtle Alison , Protheroe Andrew , Gray Emma , Perna Carla , Tolan Shaun , McPhail Neil , Malik Zaf I. , Vengalil Salil , Fackrell David , Hoskin Peter , Sydes Matthew R. , Chowdhury Simon , Gilbert Duncan C. , Parmar Mahesh K. B. , James Nicholas D. , Langley Ruth E.
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE

Docetaxel and abiraterone acetate plus prednisone or prednisolone (AAP) both improve survival when commenced alongside standard of care (SOC) androgen deprivation therapy in locally advanced or metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Thus, patient-reported quality of life (QOL) data may guide treatment choices.

METHODS

A group of patients within the STAMPEDE trial were contemporaneously enrolled with the possibility of being randomly allocated to receive either docetaxel + SOC or AAP + SOC. A mixed-model assessed QOL in those who had completed at least one QLQ-C30 + PR25 questionnaire. The primary outcome measure was difference in global-QOL (QLQ-C30 Q29&30) between patients allocated to docetaxel + SOC or AAP + SOC over the 2 years after random assignment, with a predefined criterion for clinically meaningful difference of > 4.0 points. Secondary outcome measures included longitudinal comparison of functional domains, pain, and fatigue, plus global-QOL at defined timepoints.

RESULTS

Five hundred fifteen patients (173 docetaxel + SOC and 342 AAP + SOC) were included. Baseline characteristics, proportion of missing data, and mean baseline global-QOL scores (docetaxel + SOC 77.8 and AAP + SOC 78.0) were similar. Over the 2 years following random assignment, the mean modeled global-QOL score was +3.9 points (95% CI, +0.5 to +7.2; P = .022) higher in patients allocated to AAP + SOC. Global-QOL was higher for patients allocated to AAP + SOC over the first year (+5.7 points, 95% CI, +3.0 to +8.5; P < .001), particularly at 12 (+7.0 points, 95% CI, +3.0 to +11.0; P = .001) and 24 weeks (+8.3 points, 95% CI, +4.0 to +12.6; P < .001).

CONCLUSION

Patient-reported QOL was superior for patients allocated to receive AAP + SOC, compared with docetaxel + SOC over a 2-year period, narrowly missing the predefined value for clinical significance. Patients receiving AAP + SOC reported clinically meaningful higher global-QOL scores throughout the first year following random assignment.
Reproducibility and Refinement of Urinary LH in the Screening of Progressive Puberty in Girls
Authors: Zung Amnon , Nachmany Aviad , Burundukov Ella , Glaser Tamar , Straussman Sharon
Published: November 2021

Context

First-voided urinary LH (FVU-LH) has been suggested as an alternative to GnRH stimulation test for detection of precocious puberty.

Objective

To evaluate the reproducibility of FVU-LH, its correlation with basal and GnRH-stimulated gonadotropins, and its diagnostic value for differentiating progressive from nonprogressive puberty.

Design and participants

Clinical and endocrine data were obtained from the medical records of 95 girls with suspected progressive puberty who underwent 2 consecutive FVU-LH tests. In 55 of these participants, GnRH stimulation test was performed close to the FVU-LH test. The reported cutoff levels of 5 IU/L and 1.16 IU/L for GnRH-stimulated LH and FVU-LH, respectively, were used as markers of progressive puberty, clinically defined as bone age advancement of ≥1 year and/or growth velocity SD score ≥2, in addition to thelarche.

Results

The 2 consecutive measurements of FVU-LH were highly correlated (r = 0.830; P < 0.001). The higher of the 2 results was better correlated with basal gonadotropins and GnRH-stimulated LH. Furthermore, it aligned better with the clinical outcome of girls with early thelarche, which supports the approach of double tests of FVU-LH to distinguish progressive from nonprogressive puberty. By comparison to GnRH-stimulated LH, the higher FVU-LH value had better sensitivity (68%), whereas peak LH had better specificity (91%) for the diagnosis of progressive puberty. Both tests had high positive predictive value and poor negative predictive value.

Conclusions

The higher value of paired FVU-LH tests can be used to screen girls with suspected progressive puberty and can reduce the need for GnRH stimulation test.
Sex and Liver Disease: The Necessity of an Overarching Theory to Explain the Effect of Sex on Nonreproductive Functions
Authors: Maggi Adriana
Published: November 2021

The number of studies illuminating major sex differences in liver metabolic activities is growing, but we still lack a theory to explain the origin of the functional differences we are identifying. In the animal kingdom, energy metabolism is tightly associated with reproduction; conceivably, the major evolutionary step that occurred about 200 million years ago with placentation determined a significant change in female physiology, as females had to create new energy strategies to allow the growth of the embryo in the womb and the lactation of the newborn. In vertebrates the liver is the metabolic organ most tuned to gonadal functions because the liver synthesizes and transports of all the components necessary for the maturation of the egg upon estrogenic stimulation. Thus, in mammals, evolution must have worked on the already strict gonad-liver relationship fostering these novel reproductive needs. As a consequence, the functions of mammalian liver in females diverged from that in males to acquire the flexibility necessary to tailor metabolism according to reproductive status and to ensure the parsimonious exploitation and storage of energy for the continuation of gestation in case of food scarcity. Indeed, several studies show that male and female livers adopt very different strategies when confronted with nutritional stress of varied origins. Considering the role of liver and energy metabolism in most pathologies, a better focus on liver functions in the 2 sexes might be of considerable help in personalizing medicine and pharmacology for male and female needs.
Disaster Theory
Authors: Lindsay Stuart
Published: November 2021

The online community of vaporwave music is a cultural development that emerged in the 2010s and therefore fully within the ideological sphere of postindustrialism. Consisting of slowed-down samples from pop songs and advertising jingles from the 1980s and 1990s stitched together with original synthesizer pieces that resemble those used in horror-film scores, vaporwave is an undead, artificial soundscape that floats somewhere between music and sound. Its fake nostalgia for an alternative yet ossified past aims to confront our contemporary social paralysis in the face of postmillennial economic failure and political crisis. This article examines gothic elements of the vaporwave music phenomenon to analyze how vaporwave expresses sociopolitical traumas of late capitalism. Derridean notions of hauntology articulate the individual’s self-isolation and objectification under the neoliberal homogenization of culture in vaporwave artist Begotten’s contributions to the hushwave subgenre of the scene (2018–19). Vaporwave’s cyclical and uncanny sounds embody the spectral haunting of Marx in capitalism’s repetitive pronunciation of victory over its vanquished, communist foe in Sunsetcorp’s 2009 single “nobody here” and the manifestations of American political trauma after 9/11 in Cat System Corporation’s signalwave album, News at 11 (2016).
Manipulation of Precise Molecular Arrangements and Their Photochemical Properties on Inorganic Surfaces via Multiple Electrostatic Interactions
Authors: Ishida Yohei
Published: November 2021

Multiple (or multivalent) interaction is the key in many biological systems. One of the most important (photo-)chemical reactions, photosynthesis, is driven by regularly aligned molecules by multiple interactions between proteins and molecules. A grand challenge of modern chemistry therefore includes the construction of supramolecular assemblies and control of their functions for mimicking nature and beyond. While most synthetic systems depend on covalent, coordination and hydrogen bonds between molecules, my approach focuses on multiple electrostatic interactions with two-dimensional clay mineral nanosheets. I here summarize my recent work on manipulation of precise molecular arrangements and photochemical properties via multiple electrostatic interactions. This Account mainly consists of the three parts; 1: manipulation of photochemical properties of molecules and new emission enhancement phenomenon (chapters 2–7), 2: efficient photochemical reactions and artificial photosynthesis model (chapters 8–14), and 3: molecular-scale understanding by means of electron microscopy (chapters 15–17).
Assessing the generalisability of a multicentre qualitative dementia research: the experience and challenges faced by the MinD project in Europe
Authors: Lim Jennifer N.W. , Niedderer Kristina , Tournier Isabelle , Almeida Rosa , Harrison Dew , Holthoff-Detto Vjera , Ludden Geke , van Rompay Thomas , van der Voort Mascha , Galansinska Aleksandra , Smith Tina , Lasada Raquel L. , Bueno Yolanda A. , Druschke Diana , Ziebuhr Berit , Zanasi Michele
Published: November 2021

Background: Generalisation of findings is an important aspect of research and essential for evidence-based practice. While generalisation is common in quantitative research, there is a lack of generalisability in qualitative research. This paper presents the experience and challenges faced by the Designing for People with Dementia (MinD) project in meeting the requirements to strengthen the generalisation of findings on the lived experience of people living with dementia and their engagement to co-create designs to empower their everyday living.  

Methods: Polit and Beck (2010)’s strategies to generalise qualitative findings were applied: (1) replication in sampling; (2) replication of studies; (3) meta-synthesis of findings; (4) reflexivity and conceptualization; (5) immersion with the data; and (6) thick description.

Results: While it is possible to increase the generabilisabilty of qualitative evidence through the replication of the sampling to attain a large, heterogeneous sample in different and multiple contexts and environments; implementation of sound and robust research; conducting in-depth analysis and interpretation collaboratively for emergent themes; and meeting the thick description requirement, there are challenges that the project team faced in implementing some of the Polit and Beck’s strategies because of the condition, namely dementia, that our participants are having. Other challenges faced were: the language and cultural diversity in the team; diverse  work and organisational procedures; and the inter-disciplinary differences relating to the methods of enquiry, approaches and techniques to conduct research. These challenges will need to be identified and addressed at the start of the project with a strong leadership to ensure a seamless journey to complete the project successfully. Trust between the researchers and participants, and time to build this trust are critical to recruitment and participation in the study; these factors are of utmost important in research involving participants with condition such as dementia.
NUMERICAL MODEL OF TUBULAR COMPOSITE SANDWICH STRUCTURES UNDER LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT
Authors: ZHANG CHAO , KAISER ISAIAH , TAN K. T.
Published: November 2021

This study aims to investigate the dynamic impact response of tubular composite structures with honeycomb sandwich core under transverse low-velocity impact (LVI) test. We establish a finite element analysis (FEA) model of composite sandwich structures. Simulation results are compared with experimental results to verify the correctness of the model and analysis method. This model can accurately predict the impact response and damage mechanisms of a composite sandwich structure, as validated by experimental testing, specifically capturing major failure modes. LVI experiments are conducted utilizing cylindrical impact striker to enact both point and line impact. Damage mechanisms, such as matrix cracking, delamination, and fiber breakage/rupture, occur in the facesheet, as well as honeycomb crushing and breakage in the core. The combination of experimental and numerical results illustrates the effects of facesheet thickness and core thickness on failure mechanisms. A three-dimensional model can also be used to clearly visualize the effect of different core material properties on the failure mechanism and dynamic response during an impact event.