bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perception of Learners on Parenting System and ITS Influence on Academic Performance among Secondary Schools Students of Bukonzo Country, Uganda
Authors: J Biirah , A Anika A.
Published: February 2018

The study examined perception of learners on parenting styles and its influence on academic performance among secondary school students in Bukonzo County, Kasese District in Uganda. A correlational study design was adopted. Data was collected from 562 students selected using proportionate stratified and systematic random sampling. A structured questionnaire was administered. Findings indicated that the most prevalent parenting style was democratic style and the least was laissez-faire even as much as parents’ perception may assume that children tend to want freedom. Furthermore, Spearman Rank correlation coefficient indicated that statistically significant positive correlations exist between democratic, authoritarian parenting styles and academic performance. It therefore implied that children would wish to have parents who are in control of them as opposed to those who leaves them to do what they want. High level preference for parents who guide and mentor them. Therefore, democratic and authoritarian parenting styles proved to enhance students’ academic performance as opposed to leisure fair parenting style.
THE USE OF ASSISTIVE COUNSELLING TOOL “LUNG TB CARE” TO INCREASE PATIENT’S KNOWLEDGE LEVEL (A STUDY IN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS AT MALANG’S PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTERS)
Authors: Illahi Ratna Kurnia , Pramestutie Hananditia Rachma , Desyana Made Shandra Dwi
Published: February 2018

Objective: Patient’s compliance in taking medication has an important role for the success of tuberculosis (TB) therapy because of long period of treatment. One of the reasons of frequent failure in tuberculosis therapy resulted from the lack of patient’s knowledge about the disease and treatment of tuberculosis, therefore affecting patient’s compliance. This study aimed to increase the knowledge level of tuberculosis patients. by using "Lung TB Care" as an assistive counselling tool in the form of computer applications that include pictures and information about the disease and treatment of tuberculosis.Methods: This study was a preliminary study with one-group retest design. The number of subjects in this study was 60 patients with the first category pulmonary TB. The Primary Health Care Centres were chosen with purposive sampling method, while the tuberculosis patients were chosen with random sampling according to appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: The study indicated that there were changes in the level of patients’ knowledge, before and after counselling with “Lung TB Care”. The paired t-test analysis showed a significantly different result between two groups (p<0.001) regarding patient’s knowledge about the disease and treatment.Conclusion: To conclude this study, the use of assistive counselling tools “Lung TB Care” gives positive effect on the patients’ knowledge level, suggested that there are changes in the patients’ knowledge level after counselling by using assistive counselling tools.
AWARENESS ON CERVICAL CANCER-RISK ASSESSMENT
Authors: Jyothi B. Divya , Sai S. Bhavya , Lakshmi B. Chaitanya , Begum Sk. Shafiya , Kumar Dr. A. Satish
Published: February 2018

Objective: To create awareness on cervical cancer, a level of knowledge about cervical cancer, to be advised of effective screening procedures based on their risk assessment, to educate about preventive measures after screening.Methods: This is a prospective questionnaire-based survey conducted by providing materials such as patient information leaflets, video clips and posters and educating the public regarding the disease from 1st January 2016–30th June 2016 i.e. for a period of 6 mo.Results: Knowledge was provided by using pictures, presentations, and patient information leaflets. Out of 1000 population, the respondents 762 (76.2%) females and 200 (20%) males were aware of cervical cancer. Among the 48 women who attended the screening, 23(47.9%) were identified with various symptoms and are on treatment. Out of these, 3 members were diagnosed positively and level of knowledge has increased significantly after creating awareness.Conclusion: Primarily health care professionals such as nurses and pharmacists should also be educated in various aspects to upgrade their knowledge as it was observed that their level of knowledge was relatively low. Clinical pharmacist in this regard has a major role to play in up lifting and improving the quality of life of the patient.
PERCEIVED SERVICE QUALITY AND PATIENT SATISFACTION AT PHARMACY DEPARTMENT IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA
Authors: Saraswati Made Sri , Kristina Susi Ari , Zulkarnain Abdul Karim
Published: February 2018

Objective: To measure the gap between patients’ expectations and perceptions about services delivered in the pharmacy department.Methods: A questionnaire concerning the perceived quality of health care sent to out-patients in the pharmacy department, in a government hospital in Sleman district, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia, during a period of 2016. Participants were two hundred patients aged 18 or older responded to the survey and provided their own ratings of the care. The SERVQUAL model was employed, consisting five main dimensions of service, are tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Description of respondents’ characteristics, quality dimensions and patient satisfaction were examined.Results: In our survey, 54% of patients were female and 46% male. Thirty-one percent of patients were 45-54 y old. Using servqual model we found a gap-0.487 with service quality mean score 2.938; (SD 1.16) and patient satisfaction mean score 3.425 (SD 0.54). Patients with less education were more satisfied than those with more education. Gaps existed between all five expectation categories and ‘overall perception’ of quality. The direction of the gaps indicated higher perceived quality than expected (all statistically significant) with responsiveness domain demonstrating the largest unfavourable gaps.Conclusion: We found the SERVQUAL model to be useful in revealing differences between patients’ preferences and their actual experience in health care service quality.
STATISTICAL AND KINETIC STUDIES OF ACID PROTEASE BY ASPERGILLUS SPP. ISOLATED FROM SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH ABATTOIR WASTE
Authors: S. Radha , A. Sridevi , Nbl Prasad , G. Narasimha
Published: February 2018

Objective: Aim of the present investigation was to optimize the acid protease production from Aspergillus spp. through statistical method in solid state fermentation and to study the inhibitory enzyme kinetics.Methods: To fulfill above mentioned aim, seven solid substrates were screened though using PBD (Plackett-Burman Design) and concentrations of three significant were determined by using one of the Response surface methodologies (RSM), Box-Behnken design (BBD). Inhibitory enzymatic effects were carried by using previously developed models.Results: From PBD, wheat bran, soybean meal, and dried potato peel (DPP) were screened as major influencing nutritional factors for enzyme production. Better optimal values were determined by BBD as wheat bran: 8.841 g, soybean meal: 4.557 g, and DPP: 0.661 g with predicted protease activity as 817.83 U/g (±44.047 U/g). Linear, interactive, and quadratic effects of aforesaid substrates on enzyme activity were formulated by quadratic model through multiple regression model (R2Adj:Adjusted R square = 94.78%; R2Pre:Predicted R square = 98.13%). Partial substrate inhibition to crude acid protease activity was notified with casein concentration higher than 0.4 mmol and inhibitory constant, KN, was computed with previous developed mathematical models. Ratio of reaction rate constants, k4/k2, was found to be 0.233 that had confirmed partial casein inhibition to enzyme velocity. Improved activity and kinetics of caseinolysis make amicable for industrial applications.Conclusion: Quick optimization was performed with statistical methodology over conventional approach. Inhibitory enzyme kinetic studies were important for industrial applications of acid protease.
SYNTHESIS OF DESGLYMIDODRINE FROM MIDODRINE BY CONVENTIONAL AMIDE HYDROLYSIS METHOD
Authors: Narenderan S. T. , Jupudi Srikanth , Vanaja P. , Meyyanathan S. N.
Published: February 2018

Objective:  The term prodrug involves chemically modifying inert compound which upon administration releases the active parent drug to elicit its pharmacological response within the body. Acting as a α-adrenergic agonist, desglymidodrine an active metabolite of amide prodrug midodrine is used for the treatment of essential and orthostatic hypotension. In the present study synthesis of desglymidodrine from midodrine was reported.Methods:  The synthesis was done by the conventional amide hydrolysis method.Results:  A novel synthesis of desglymidodrine was successfully achieved and spectrally elucidated by infrared spectroscopy (IR), 1H, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass analysis.Conclusion:  The acquired results were found to be accurate, the synthetic route appeared to be simple, cost-effective and time efficient. Hence the synthesized desglymidodrine can be as a reference standard for the estimation of the same.
ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF LEPTADENIA HASTATA (PERS) DECNE LEAVES EXTRACT
Authors: Umaru Isaac John , Badruddin Fasihuddin A. , Assim Zaini B. , Umaru Hauwa A.
Published: February 2018

Objective: This study was carried out with an objective to investigate the antibacterial potential of five leaf extract of Leptadenia hastata plant on some bacteria.Methods: Leptadenia hastata extracts were evaluated for potential antimicrobial properties. The leaves of the plant were extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol and then vaporized to give respective extracts. Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, staphylococcus aureus and Klebsielia pneumonia, was determined by an agar well diffusion method. The optical density of the broth using UV mini spectrophotometer and zone of inhibition by the crude extract were determined.Results: The results showed that of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Leptadenia hastata, methanolic and chloroform extracts displayed more activity with 1.10±0.10 mmab and 0.97±0.06 mmab where aSignificantly (p<0.05) higher compared to different extract at the same concentration bSignificantly (p<0.05) lower compared to the control, than others at 25-1000 ppm per well of the extracts tested.Conclusion: The present results showed the potential of the medicinal plant used by traditional herbal medical practitioners as natural antimicrobial agents, thus can be further used to determine the bioactive products that may provide as leads in the development of new drugs.
Developing Online Materials for Tour Guides
Authors: Ratnawati Sinta Dewi
Published: February 2018

This English for Specific/Occupational Purpose (ESP/EOP) program was meant to answer the needs of the Indonesian migrant labourers to improve their English for future employment as tour guides. The objectives of this research were to identify the contents that should be in the materials, to investigate the students’ response about the later developed materials, and to study the lacks in the program. The material development process underwent the 7 stages of material development proposed by Nation and Macalister (2010), consisted of analysing the environment and the needs, following principles, setting goals and objectives, choosing contents and sequence, finding the format and presentation, monitoring and assessing, and evaluating the course. However, since it is online learning, the stages had to be combined with the stages specifically for online materials proposed by Hartoyo (2012). Thus, the content and sequence choosing stage consisted of the selection of the types of program, materials, software and tasks. The materials consisted of 2 parts which were the tutorials and the lessons. Using the Task-Based Language Teaching approach (Nunan, 2004), the materials were developed and implemented combined with real time online classes. The students’ responses after the implementation were generally positive, although some improvements were still needed.

 

Keywords: English for specific purpose (ESP), English for occupational purpose (EOP), material development, online learning, English for tour guides, Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT)
One more Microtus species with asynaptic sex chromosomes
Authors: Blagojevic Jelena , Rajicic Marija , Jovanovic Vladimir , Adnadjevic Tanja , Budinski Ivana , Pejic Branka , Vujosevic Mladen
Published: February 2018

Arvicoline voles are known as a karyotypically extremely polymorphic group in which the genus Microtus leads with the highest rate of karyotype change. A member of this genus, the European pine vole Microtus subterraneus (de Selys-Longchamps, 1836), is widely distributed in Europe and parts of Asia. There are two cytotypes differing in diploid chromosome number, 2n=54 and 52, each showing different chromosomal polymorphisms. At two localities in southeastern Serbia, Mt. Jastrebac and Vlasina, we found the 2n=52 cytotype. Meiotic preparations from males revealed the presence of asynaptic sex chromosomes. Although asynaptic sex chromosomes are frequent in Microtus, this is the first finding for M. subterraneus. From summarized data it appears that two-thirds of the studied species, mainly from Microtus and Terricola subgenera, possess asynaptic sex chromosomes.
Power allocation rules under multicriteria situation
Authors: Liao Yu-Hsien
Published: February 2018

Under multicriteria situations, we define a power mensuration rule and its
efficient extension by applying maximal-utilities among level (decision)
vectors. We also adopt some axiomatic results to present the rationalities
for these two rules. Based on the notions of reduced game and excess
function respectively, we introduce different formulation and dynamic
results for the efficient extension.
Emotions at school: An obstacle or an encouragement to learning?
Authors: Tosic-Radev Milica , Pesikan Ana
Published: February 2018

Emotions and cognition have long been treated as separate processes in
psychology. Emotions were considered a distractor of rational processes, and
it was endeavoured, especially at school, to reduce the influence of emotions
to the lowest level possible. However, the contemporary research in the field
of neurobiology and psychology states the complete opposite - that emotions
and cognition are inextricably bound. Every kind of learning has an emotional
grounding, while the emotional processes are necessary in order to utilise
any kind of knowledge in everyday life. The first part of the current paper
provides an overview of the studies dealing with the influence of emotions on
the learning process, perception, attention, memory, critical thinking and
motivation. In the second part of the paper, we speak about emotions in the
educational context, and in the third about the implications of the studies
dealing with emotions for education. The new insights into the relation
between the emotional and cognitive processes inevitably have a bearing on
the process of teaching and learning, as well as on teacher education. It is
necessary to raise teachers? awareness of the importance of emotions in
education and the consequent professional commitments and tasks as early as
in the stage of pre-service education.
Parental rearing styles as the predictors of internalised and externalised problems of adolescents
Authors: Spasic-Snele Miljana , Andjelkovic Vesna
Published: February 2018

Adolescence is a period that bears a particular risk for the occurrence of
difficulties in psychosocial adaptation. This research was aimed at
investigating the predictive power of father?s and mother?s rearing styles
for the level of internalised (more specifically, anxiety as a trait) and
externalised problems on the sample of adolescents (212), aged 12 to 18. The
following instruments were used in data collection: the Parental Rearing
Style Scale, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y). The obtained results indicate that an
emotionally cold father?s style of rearing and the restricting style of
rearing of both parents are significant predictors of the level of general
anxiety. When it comes to externalisation, it is shown that cold father?s
style of rearing is the only significant predictor. The results may
contribute to a better understanding of the adaptive capacities of a child
and the family in coping with the critical phases in the development of
children and youth.
La planeación de la auditoría en un sistema de gestión de calidad tomando como base la norma ISO 19011:2011 / ISO 19001:2011 standard planning of the audit in a system of quality management on the basis of standard ISO 19011:2011
Authors: Sotelo Asef Jesús Guillermo
Published: February 2018

El objetivo de este estudio es realizar un análisis de la planeación de la auditoría tomando como base los puntos requeridos en la norma ISO 19011:2011. Esta investigación es de tipo cuantitativa, descriptiva-correlacional y, a su vez, transversal. Se diseñó un instrumento para medir la planeación de la auditoría de un sistema de gestión de calidad en el que se identificaron siete dimensiones de las cuales surgieron 37 ítemes y se realizó un análisis de confiabilidad obteniendo un valor de 0.962 de coeficiente alfa de cronbach. Como resultados se obtuvo que las dimensiones analizadas tienen un alto grado de aceptación en cuanto a la percepción de los miembros del sistema; por otra parte, existe una correlación significativa entre cada una de las dimensiones y la variable estudiada. Se concluye que el instrumento diseñado puede ser aplicado en distintas organizaciones para identificar la percepción de los miembros de un sistema de gestión de calidad sobre la planeación de la auditoría del mismo.
Crimen, castigo, perdón y paz. A la luz de la tradición jurídica de Occidente.
Authors: Ochoa Gavaldón Roberto Xavier
Published: February 2018

Hablar de la esperanza, del perdón, de la reconciliación es tarea, en última instancia, de la mística. Demanda una interpretación anagógica. Mas Hugo de San Víctor mostró que no se puede acceder a la interpretación anagógica sino a partir del entrenamiento en la interpretación analógica que, a su vez, supone haber hecho el trayecto de la literalidad. En este trabajo, se propone que es preciso, antes de hablar sobre los horizontes de la reconciliación y el perdón, andar el doloroso camino de la literalidad en la historia de la justicia pues, ante todo,  las paces o los crímenes son acontecimientos en el curso de la Historia. Así, pues, aquí se inicia el recorrido, por fuerza apenas trazado, de la particular situación en que se encuentran, en Occidente, los ciudadanos frente al Estado moderno: por la concentración del monopolio de la fuerza, expropiados de capacidades tales como la indignación ante la injusticia. Este extravío vuelve inalcanzable horizonte del perdón, si antes no se recupera el sentido humano de lo justo, pues no puede haber una paz digna sin memoria y justicia.

Recibido: 23/06/2016 • Aceptado: 31/08/2017
Literatura y política según Rancière: observaciones a su lectura de Aristóteles
Authors: Goeritz Álvarez Christian
Published: February 2018

El intento de las líneas que siguen es entrar en franco y crítico diálogo con el pensamiento de Jacques Rancière, tal como éste aparece tematizado en sus escritos La palabra muda y El desacuerdo. Mediante el análisis de sus nociones de literatura en uno y de política en otro, trataremos de argumentar que hay ciertos problemas en su comprensión de Aristóteles y de plantear, desde un trasfondo aristotélico, ciertas soluciones a ellos.

Recibido: 17/03/2017 • Aceptado: 31/08/2017
Penerapan Statcounter sebagai Alat Monitoring Aktivitas Website Hibah Perguruan Tinggi Raharja
Authors: Handayani Indri , Sani Maulana , Sari Dewi Ratna
Published: February 2018

Tingkat aktivitas suatu website merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting untuk dapat diukur terutama untuk website yang pada dasarnya dibuat dan dialokasikan untuk memberikan pelayanan dan informasi bagi pengunjungnya. Website Hibah Perguruan Tinggi Raharja, merupakan website yang dibuat dan alokasikan Perguruan Tinggi Raharja untuk melayani dan memberikan informasi bagi setiap pribadi Raharja perihal kepengurusan Hibah seperti perihal permohonan Hibah misalnya. Berbagai pengembangan dan pembaruan dilakukan oleh pengelolanya untuk dapat terus menyajikan informasi dan website yang menarik bagi pengunjung. Namun pada penerapannya pengelola belum dapat mengetahui secara tepat mengenai siklus aktivitas pengunjung website. Penggunaan suatu alat monitoring, dalam hal ini Statcounter dapat memberikan data dan informasi yang berkualitas terutama perihal data statistic kunjungan (visit). Pada penerapannya, data dan informasi ini dapat dijadikan bahan pertimbangan bagi pengelola website untuk melakukan pengembangan atau perubahan guna meningkatkan kualitas website Hibah Perguruan Tinggi Raharja sehingga pengelola dapat menyesuaikan website berdasarkan besar kecilnya tingkat aktivitas kunjungan yang diterima Statcounter. Selain itu penggunaan Statcounter juga dapat membantu pengelola dalam hal memonitoring aktivitas website secara detil karena pada dasarnya Statcounter juga menampilkan data dan informasi mengenai aktivitas setiap pengunjung secara rinci.The level of activity of a website is a very important thing to be measured, especially for websites that basically created and allocated to provide services and information for visitors. Website Higher Education Grant Prog, a website created and allocated Perguruan Tinggi Raharja to serve and provide for each Personal information concerning the management of the Grant Prog like Grants for example regarding the petition. Various development and updates are done by managers to continue serving informationand the website attractive for visitors. However, the application manager can not know exactly about the website visitor activity cycle. The use of a monitoring tool, in this case Statcounter to provide data and information quality, in particular regarding the traffic data (visit) that the application, data and information can be considered for the manager of the website to develop or change in order to improve the quality of Hibah Perguruan Tinggi Raharja website so managers can customize the website based on the amount of traffic they receive the level of activity Statcounter. And not only was the use Statcounter also can assist the manager in terms of monitoring the activities of the website in detail because basically Statcounter also displays data and information regarding each visitor activity in detail.
Alterações fonético-fonológicas no latim do século I d.C: descrição do sistema vocálico latino a partir do Satyricon, de Petrônio
Authors: Bianchet Sandra Maria Gualberto Braga
Published: February 2018

O estudo de transformações fonético-fonológicas de línguas que possuem apenas o registro escrito apresenta maiores dificuldades, uma vez que os manuscritos não são contemporâneos de seus autores. Apesar dessa limitação, procura-se demonstrar que é possível descrever o sistema vigente em determinado período da língua em estudo a partir da análise de textos como o Satyricon, em que o autor expressa diferentes registros de fala.
O recurso à autoridade dos clássicos e o retrato do adversário como estratégias discursivas na Apologia contra Rufino, de Jerônimo
Authors: Carpinetti Luís Carlos Lima
Published: February 2018

Este artigo trata de dois procedimentos literários que encontramos no texto de São Jerônimo, a Apologia contra Rufino, a saber, o recurso à erudição clássica para construir uma imagem favorável de si mesmo e, por outro lado, construir com os recursos retóricos próprios uma imagem desfavorável e pejorativa do adversário.
Considerações acerca da educação através dos provérbios em latim na Baixa Idade Média
Authors: Bragança Jr Álvaro Alfredo
Published: February 2018

A contribuição da Idade Média para a organização do pensamento educacional ocidental pode ser depreendida por várias vertentes, desde os currícula das escolas dos mosteiros e das abadias até o sistema das artes liberales universitárias. Entretanto, uma das formas mais eficazes de se fornecer os rudimentos culturais aos discípulos, especialmente os do baixo medievo, assentava-se na compilação de exercícios escolares, usualmente em forma de dísticos rimados, que continham uma fundamentação eminentemente teológica presa aos preceitos da Igreja. Esses futuros clerici, instruídos por tal modelo propedêutico, transmitiriam no púlpito as lições passadas por seus mestres. Configurava-se assim a proverbialização oral desses textos escritos em uma prática cotidiana, que unia o educare o saber ao poder, formalizando através desse modelo instrucional os ideais da alta cúpula da Igreja.
Uma porta fechada ao devaneio: uma aplicação a textos sânscritos dos esquemas de abordagem linguístico-retórica de Isaac Nicolau Salum
Authors: Fonseca Carlos Alberto da
Published: February 2018

In four articles issued between 1971 and 1975, Isaac Nicolau Salum outlined the main ideas of a “linguistic-rhetorical approach” method to texts not giving it a definitive form, which was, however, tried to be attained by means of inumerable text schematization exercises published in eleven booklets up to 1979.Rescuing some of lhe scattered proposals in those writings, this article aims at meditating about the method value for a critical study of texts and for the analysis of the speech, and at the same time, as a corroboration of the procedure effectiveness. applying it to the characterization of Nala and Damayanti, characters of a parallel account to the narrative structure of the Sanskrit epic poem Mahābhārata, for whom it reveals rhetorical dimensions that a less attentive reading will neglect.
Nero: Política externa e defesa do império
Authors: Ribeiro Daniel Valle
Published: February 2018

Néron, le moins belliqueux des empereurs romains du premier siècle, s’est trouvé aux prises avec des problèmes militaires. L’historiographie moderne étudie et analyse de nouveaux aspects de son gouvernement, que l’antique historiographie. appuyée sur des textes de Tacitus. Dion Cassius et Suetonius, n’a pas compris. En Orient, les partes envahissent l’Arménie et causent des problèmes jusqu’à ce que Rome arrive à les pacifier. En Occident, la guerre de Bretagne a causé plus de cinquante mille morts. En même temps, en Germanie, les barbares ne sont pas du tout tranquilles. En outre, les relations entre les juifs et les romains sont très dlfficiles: la domination est oppressive; les extorsions, fréquentes; et les juifs se soulèvent.
Ulisses na Odisséia de Kazantzakis
Authors: Fonseca Isis Borges Belchior da
Published: February 2018

Dans son long poème de 33.333 vers, Nikos Kazantzakis en s’appuyant sur la figure de l’Ulysses homérique, donne au héros des préoccupations tout à fait nouvelles. Ce sont maintenant des problèmes métaphysiques qui occupent son esprit. Après avoir détruit symboliquement les dieux olympiens, le hèros part à la recherche de son dieu. Qu’est-ce "dieu"? C'est la question qui l'obsède. "Dieu" c’est l'élan primitif qui amène l’homme à se dépasser et à accomplir des actions au-dessus de ses forces? Ou s'identifie-t-il avec le Néant? Pour le poète, tout en méprisant le culte ancien, on doit reprendre le cheminement à partir du néant, sans le moindre respect pour les nomes imposées par la société. Dans des rencontres symboliques avec de grandes figures de l’humanité, parmi lesquelles Hamlet, Bouddha et le Christ, le héros met en lumière les différents étapes de ses réflexions les plus profondes.
Paulo Orósio e o providencialismo no marco do Império Romano
Authors: Guerras Maria Sonsoles
Published: February 2018

This work makes part of the collective research of some professors and students of the History Department – Sector of Ancient and Medieval History – of UFRJ, who are financed by CNPq. Ater making a brief biographical sketch of Paulo Orósio, contemporary of Agostinho from Hipona, we analise the traces of the classical Roman culture that can be found in his work: the authors who served as sources for him, Cicero’s doctrine of classic historiography that he follows, and so on. The second part contains an analysis of some facts from Roman history which are, in the point of view of the author of the "Seven Books of History", a clear demonstration of how Providence has made use of the Roman World to start a new era: Christ is born during August’s time, therefore these two events will be forever joint and the "Pax Romana" will be the very beginning of the "Pax Christi". The objective of work is the analysis of Paulo Orósio's historical providentialism, for whom the Roman Empire is God’s Instrument for getting to the real Universal Christian Empire. according to Daniel’s prophecy.
O significado de Theós em grego
Authors: Ullman Reinholdo Aloysio
Published: February 2018

This paper deals with the Greek word "theós" in diferent levels. 1. Its etymological origin, not yet clearly elucidated; but the authors generally agree that it means "something bright". 2. "Theós" as predicative name, being used near masculine, feminine and neutral words, meaning "something beautiful" or "something terrible". 3. In Homer's work we find two significances, namely (theós) is applied to the anthropomorphical gods and to prominent persons. 4. Among the Romans, "theós" assumes the same significance as described in the preceding item. 5. Finally “theós" is studied in different Greek phliosophers, since Xenophanes, Heraclit and others, until Philon of Alexandria. The paper tries to demonstrate the effort of mankind, represented by vigorous thinkers, to find a steady foundation that justifies the human existence.
Tree ferns dominate secondary succession in abandoned pineapple plantations around Manu National Park, Peru
Authors: Schilling Olivia , Tejedor Gutierrez Adrian
Published: February 2018

Habitat management and restoration in buffer zones of national parks is critical for maintaining ecosystem services and biological connectivity in and around the parks’ core protected areas. Vegetation succession in abandoned plantations in buffer zones may take different paths that reach climax ecosystems in more or less time depending on the conditions of initial succession, thus enhancing or hindering biological connectivity and ecosystem services. This study documents the dominance of tree ferns in the initial stages of vegetation succession on abandoned pineapple plantations on the Andean foothills around Manu National Park, Peru, and discusses the role it may have on ecosystem restoration. Four years after abandonment, tree fern gametophytes grow under the shade of pineapple plants and melastomes. After 6-10 years of succession, the vegetation is dominated by a tree fern community composed of at least eight species, of which the most common are by far Cyathea delgadii and Cyathea microdonta. Cyathea microdonta functions as a short-lived pioneer, reaching its peak of live stem density in 6 to10 years and dying off in older plots. Cyathea delgadii, on the other hand, continues to grow and persists beyond 10 years of succession. Areas adjacent to abandoned pineapple fields have few tree ferns and higher tree species diversity, suggesting that pineapple agriculture and the resulting tree fern community may be a longer pathway to reach climax vegetation stages than other types of plantation.
Note sur une nouvelle station d’Asplenium sagittatum (dc.) Bange dans la région de Tlemcen (Algérie occidentale).
Authors: Babali Brahim , Medjahdi Boumediene , Bouazza Mohammed
Published: February 2018

Les auteurs ont découvert une nouvelle station d’Asplenium sagittatum dans la région de Tlemcen. Cette ptéridophyte est très localisée en Oranie. L’espèce en question n’a  pas été revue depuis sa récolte par Pomel en 1874 dans la région de Ghar-Rouban. La présente observation vient ainsi confirmer son existence dans une autre station de la région de Tlemcen en plus de celle de Ghar-Roubane. Ceci confirme aussi sa subsistance malgré la détérioration des habitats par  la sécheresse et les actions anthropiques (incendies et pâturage).
Diversidad de los helechos y licófitos de Colombia
Authors: Murillo Aldana José , Murillo M. T.
Published: February 2018

Se presenta el análisis de la diversidad de helechos y licófitos para Colombia. En el país se registran 1633 especies, 44 taxones infraespecíficos y 9 híbridos, los que se distribuyen en 157 géneros y 41 familias, 184 especies pertenecen a los licófitos. Las familias con mayor número de géneros son Polypodiaceae (27), Pteridaceae (24) y Dryopteridaceae (16) y las de mayor riqueza específica son Dryopteridaceae (291 spp.), Polypodiaceae (246 spp.) y Pteridaceae (170 spp.). El género con el mayor número de especies es Elaphoglossum (186 spp.). Un género (Luisma) y 97 especies son endémicas. La región Andina es donde se presenta la mayor diversidad, 1199 especies incluidas en 142 géneros, la región Caribe y la Orinoquía son las menos diversas. El departamento con mayor diversidad es Antioquia (869 spp.) seguido de Cundinamarca con 573 spp. Las especies con mayor área de distribución son Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link, Palhihaea cernua (L.) Vasc. & Franco y Tectaria incisa Cav. Los helechos y licófitos se encuentran desde el nivel del mar hasta cerca de los 5000 m, no obstante, se concentran entre 1500 y 2000 m.
The Need Textbook Writing of Children’s Story Based on Character Education
Authors: Darsono Darsono , Winarno Winarno , Slamet St. Y.
Published: February 2018

This study aims to develop textbooks to write children's stories based on the education character for fourth grade students of Muhammadiyah elementary school in Surakarta Indonesia, and also to improve students' skills in writing children's stories that are included the education character in it. The subjects of this study are students and teachers. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The methods of the data collection are through questionnaire, observation, interview, and documentation study, supported by Focus Group Discussion and field notes. The analysis data used in this study is techniques of peer-debriefing by analyzing in depth to the subject. The discussion of the result of the data analysis uses qualitative descriptive. The results of this study prove that; (1) based on the results of the exploratory study, it is proved that many elementary schools which do not have textbooks with special specifications to help students in writing children's stories, that’s 100%; (2) based on the results of the Focus Group Discussion it allows to be internalized the characters education into textbooks of children's stories; (3) the product prototypes of the textbooks in writing children's stories based on character education for fourth grade students of elementary school.
Assessment For Children’s Values: Picture-Based Value Survey for Children Adaptation Study
Authors: Kapıkıran Necla Acun , Gündoğan Aysun
Published: February 2018

The aim of the current study is to adapt the Picture-Based Value Survey for Children (PBVS-C) to Turkish in order to determine the values of elementary school level children. The participants were students from three different schools, age group of 7-12 (573 students: 270 (47%) male and 303 (53%) female). The Picture-Based Value Survey for Children (PBVS-C) was used to measure children’s values. Multi-dimensional Scaling analyses (MDS) was used to create the model. The data analysis showed that the scale being developed based on Schwartz’s theoretical model featured different dimensions for some of the values; e.g. different results were obtained for the “universalizm” dimension. Children make moral judgements from the very early periods of their lives, so their values begin to develop at quite early ages
Information-Seeking Behaviour and Library Use by Academic Theologians in South Africa
Authors: Chisa Ken Dennis
Published: February 2018

This study discusses findings of a survey that analysed the information-seeking behavior and library use of academic theologians employed in seven theological institutions in South Africa which constitute the Pietermaritzburg Cluster of Theological Libraries (PCTL). Data on age, academic qualifications, information-seeking habits, and library use of the theologians were gathered by means of a questionnaire, literature review, interviews and observation. The research draws conclusions about the nature of information-seeking patterns and library use of these theologians in relation to their institutional libraries. Barriers to information seeking are identified and suggestions on how to tackle them are provided. The findings of the study show that academic theologians are consistent users of libraries but mostly rely more on personal collections than institutional collections. Moreover, the study found that while the theologians are reasonably satisfied with their institutional libraries, most of them feel that collections, rather than services need improvement. It is hoped that data and questionnaire comments arising from this study will contribute to improved theological library services within the PCTL and beyond.
Caring for mental health care users with profound intellectual disabilities: Approaches and opportunities
Authors: Malapela Grace , Mfidi Mail Faniswa , Sibanda Sambulelwe , Thupayagale-Tshweneagae Gloria
Published: February 2018

Mental health care users with profound intellectual disabilities are among the most disadvantaged groups in society. They experience numerous challenges which include limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour. These limitations present challenges in their care especially in cases where caregivers are not well prepared to cater for these special needsThe purpose of this study was to provide an insight into the experiences of student nurses on the approaches and opportunities related to the care of mental health care users with profound intellectual disabilities.A qualitative, descriptive, interpretive, exploratory and contextual research was used to ascertain opportunities and approaches in caring for mental health care users with profound intellectual disabilities. Audio-taped interviews were conducted with 12 student nurses in their fourth and final year of study who were assigned to the care centre catering for people with profound intellectual disabilities. Thematic analysis as proposed by Burnard (1991) was used to analyse the collected qualitative data.Â Three approaches to care emerged as promotion of health and wellbeing, training on communication skills and support for their dignity. One main opportunity to emerge was being caring and this was embedded on the principle of caring which defines a nurse.Caring for care users with profound intellectual disabilities can be emotionally challenging. However, this study identified approaches and opportunities which when explored can assist the nurses to render quality patient care for these patients.
A Literature Review on Higher Education Policy in Turkey and Policy Transfer as a Key Term for Analysis
Authors: BABAOĞLU Cenay
Published: February 2018

In this study, the concept of policy transfer that have a profound effect on Turkish higher education policy will be used as a key term. New public management and governance approaches will form the basis of this research. Therewithal evaluations will be made in the context of similarities between different countries’ higher education policy. First of all, the concept of policy transfer is explained and neo-liberal policies and effects on higher education are questioned. To that end, literature review of how neoliberalism affects higher education policy in Turkey will be discussed. It is expected that this study may provide a vision for future analysis of higher education policies.
The Influence of Nanoscale Roughness on the Electrostatic Double Layer: the Shift of the Isoelectric Point of Cluster-Assembled Nanostructured Zirconia Films
Authors: Borghi Francesca , Scaparra Bianca , Paternoster Costanza , Milani Paolo , Podestà Alessandro
Published: February 2018

We investigated the influence of the nanoscale surface morphology on the electrostatic double layer at corrugated surfaces in aqueous electrolytes. To this purpose, we have produced cluster-assembled nanostructured zirconium dioxide (ns-ZrOx, x ≈ 2) films with controlled morphological properties by supersonic cluster beam deposition (SCBD), and measured the double layer interaction using atomic force microscopy with colloidal probes. SCBD allowed tuning the characteristic widths of the corrugated interface (the rms roughness, the correlation length) across a wide range of values, matching the width of the electrostatic double-layer (the Debye length), and the typical size of nano-colloids (proteins, enzymes, and catalytic nanoparticles). To accurately characterize the surface charge density in the high-roughness regime, we have developed a two-exponential model of the electrostatic force that explicitly includes roughness, and better accounts for the roughness-induced amplification of the interaction. We were then able to observe a marked reduction of the isoelectric point of ns-ZrOx surfaces on increasingly rough surfaces. This result is in good agreement with our previous observations on cluster-assembled nanostructured titania films, and demonstrates that the phenomenon is not limited to a specific material, but more generally depends on peculiar nanoscale morphological effects, related to the competition of the characteristic lengths of the system.
The association between acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) and Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) – what is the evidence for causation?
Authors: Dyda Amalie , Stelzer-Braid Sacha , Adam Dillon , Chughtai Abrar A , MacIntyre C Raina
Published: February 2018

Background

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has historically been a sporadic disease, causing occasional small outbreaks of generally mild infection. In recent years, there has been evidence of an increase in EV-D68 infections globally. Large outbreaks of EV-D68, with thousands of cases, occurred in the United States, Canada and Europe in 2014. The outbreaks were associated temporally and geographically with an increase in clusters of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). Aims: We aimed to evaluate a causal association between EV-D68 and AFM.  Methods: Using data from the published and grey literature, we applied the Bradford Hill criteria, a set of nine principles applied to examine causality, to evaluate the relationship between EV-D68 and AFM. Based on available evidence, we defined the Bradford Hill Criteria as being not met, or met minimally, partially or fully.  Results: Available evidence applied to EV-D68 and AFM showed that six of the Bradford Hill criteria were fully met and two were partially met. The criterion of biological gradient was minimally met. The incidence of EV-D68 infections is increasing world-wide. Phylogenetic epidemiology showed diversification from the original Fermon and Rhyne strains since the year 2000, with evolution of a genetically distinct outbreak strain, clade B1. Clade B1, but not older strains, is associated with AFM and is neuropathic in animal models.  Conclusion: While more research is needed on dose–response relationship, application of the Bradford Hill criteria supported a causal relationship between EV-D68 and AFM.
Distinction between serological responses following tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection vs vaccination, Sweden 2017
Authors: Albinsson Bo , Vene Sirkka , Rombo Lars , Blomberg Jonas , Lundkvist Åke , Rönnberg Bengt
Published: February 2018

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an important European vaccine-preventable pathogen. Discrimination of vaccine-induced antibodies from those elicited by infection is important. We studied anti-TBEV IgM/IgG responses, including avidity and neutralisation, by multiplex serology in 50 TBEV patients and 50 TBEV vaccinees. Infection induced antibodies reactive to both whole virus (WV) and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) in 48 clinical cases, whereas 47 TBEV vaccinees had WV, but not NS1 antibodies, enabling efficient discrimination of infection/vaccination.
Review of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in the eastern part of Europe, 2016
Authors: Plutzer Judit , Lassen Brian , Jokelainen Pikka , Djurković-Djaković Olgica , Kucsera István , Dorbek-Kolin Elisabeth , Šoba Barbara , Sréter Tamás , Imre Kálmán , Omeragić Jasmin , Nikolić Aleksandra , Bobić Branko , Živičnjak Tatjana , Lučinger Snježana , Stefanović Lorena Lazarić , Kučinar Jasmina , Sroka Jacek , Deksne Gunita , Keidāne Dace , Kváč Martin , Hůzová Zuzana , Karanis Panagiotis
Published: February 2018

Introduction

This paper reviews the current knowledge and understanding of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in humans, animals and the environment in 10 countries in the eastern part of Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia. Methods: Published scientific papers and conference proceedings from the international and local literature, official national health service reports, national databases and doctoral theses in local languages were reviewed to provide an extensive overview on the epidemiology, diagnostics and research on these pathogens, as well as analyse knowledge gaps and areas for further research. Results:
Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. were found to be common in eastern Europe, but the results from different countries are difficult to compare because of variations in reporting practices and detection methodologies used. Conclusion: Upgrading and making the diagnosis/detection procedures more uniform is recommended throughout the region. Public health authorities should actively work towards increasing reporting and standardising reporting practices as these prerequisites for the reported data to be valid and therefore necessary for appropriate control plans.
Seasonality and geographical spread of respiratory syncytial virus epidemics in 15 European countries, 2010 to 2016
Authors: Broberg Eeva K , Waris Matti , Johansen Kari , Snacken René , Penttinen Pasi ,   European Influenza Surveillance Network
Published: February 2018

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is considered the most common pathogen causing severe lower respiratory tract infections among infants and young children. We describe the seasonality and geographical spread of RSV infection in 15 countries of the European Union and European Economic Area. We performed a retrospective descriptive study of weekly laboratory-confirmed RSV detections between weeks 40/2010 and 20/2016, in patients investigated for influenza-like illness, acute respiratory infection or following the clinician’s judgment. Six countries reported 4,230 sentinel RSV laboratory diagnoses from primary care and 14 countries reported 156,188 non-sentinel laboratory diagnoses from primary care or hospitals. The median length of the RSV season based on sentinel and non-sentinel surveillance was 16 (range: 9–24) and 18 (range: 8–24) weeks, respectively. The median peak weeks for sentinel and non-sentinel detections were week 4 (range: 48 to 11) and week 4.5 (range: 49 to 17), respectively. RSV detections peaked later (r = 0.56; p = 0.0360) and seasons lasted longer with increasing latitude (r = 0.57; p = 0.0329). Our data demonstrated regular seasonality with moderate correlation between timing of the epidemic and increasing latitude of the country. This study supports the use of RSV diagnostics within influenza or other surveillance systems to monitor RSV seasonality and geographical spread.