bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative evaluation by measurement and modeling of the variations in dose distributions deposited in mobile targets
Authors: Ali Imad , Alsbou Nesreen , Taguenang Jean-Michel , Ahmad Salahuddin
Published: March 2017

The objective of this study is to quantitatively evaluate variations of dose distributions deposited in mobile target by measurement and modeling. The effects of variation in dose distribution induced by motion on tumor dose coverage and sparing of normal tissues were investigated quantitatively. The dose distributions with motion artifacts were modeled considering different motion patterns that include (a) motion with constant speed and (b) sinusoidal motion. The model predictions of the dose distributions with motion artifacts were verified with measurement where the dose distributions from various plans that included three-dimensional conformal and intensity-modulated fields were measured with a multiple-diode-array detector (MapCheck2), which was mounted on a mobile platform that moves with adjustable motion parameters. For each plan, the dose distributions were then measured with MapCHECK2 using different motion amplitudes from 0–25 mm. In addition, mathematical modeling was developed to predict the variations in the dose distributions and their dependence on the motion parameters that included amplitude, frequency and phase for sinusoidal motions. The dose distributions varied with motion and depended on the motion pattern particularly the sinusoidal motion, which spread out along the direction of motion. Study results showed that in the dose region between isocenter and the 50% isodose line, the dose profile decreased with increase of the motion amplitude. As the range of motion became larger than the field length along the direction of motion, the dose profiles changes overall including the central axis dose and 50% isodose line. If the total dose was delivered over a time much longer than the periodic time of motion, variations in motion frequency and phase do not affect the dose profiles. As a result, the motion dose modeling developed in this study provided quantitative characterization of variation in the dose distributions induced by motion, which can be employed in radiation therapy to quantitatively determine the margins needed for treatment planning considering dose spillage to normal tissue.
Hemodynamic Tolerability of Sustained Low Efficiency Dialysis in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Fatema Kaniz , Faruq Mohammad Omar , Hoque Md Mozammel , Ahsan ASM Areef , Khanam Parvin Akter , Ahmed Fatema
Published: March 2017

Background: Sustained low efficiency dialysis (SLED) has been evolved in recent years as technical hybrid of continuous renal replacement therapy and intermittent hemodialysis. It offers optimized hemodynamic stability of the critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Our aim was to evaluate the hemodynamic tolerability of SLED in hemodynamically unstable patients with AKI.Methods: This prospective experimental study was conducted in Intensive Care Unit of BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka over a period of one year.Results: Forty three hemodynamically unstable patients with AKI were treated with one fifty three sessions of SLED. Mean arterial pressure of the patients before starting dialysis were 80.58±10.92 mmHg and 69.8% patients were on inotrope support. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in mean arterial pressure during the procedure. No significant changes (p>0.05) occurred in pulse, respiratory rate and temperature during the sessions. Only thirty six out of 153 SLED sessions were associated with complications and hypotension was the commonest one (20.26%). Hypotensive episodes were effectively managed with addition or dose escalation of inotropes. No dialysis had to be discontinued because of hypotension/arrhythmia.Conclusion: SLED is an effective renal replacement therapy for the critically ill patients with AKI which maintains their hemodynamic stability.Birdem Med J 2016; 6(2): 84-90
Preventable Blindness due to Ankyloblepharonin Stevens- Johnson SyndromeA Case Report
Authors: Goswami Manash Kumar , Asaduzzaman Md
Published: March 2017

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is common, having long term ocular complications ranging from dry eye to loss of vision due to ankyloblepharon or corneal opacities. Proper medical management and separating the bulbar conjunctiva from palpebral regularly by a glass rod during the acute phaseof the diseases can prevent the development of ankyloblepharonand symblepharon. Here we present a case of ankyloblepharon after SJS which was repaired after 6 months in the department of ophthalmology, BIRDEM General Hospital.Birdem Med J 2016; 6(2): 136-138
An Unusually Big Cervical Fibroid Polyp : A Case Report
Authors: Khanam Shireen Akhter , Rashid Fahmida , Chowdhury Shahanara
Published: March 2017

Fibroid Uterus is the most common benign solid tumor in female. Most of fibroids situated in the body of the uterus, cervical myoma account 3% -8% of uterine myoma. Cervical myoma are uncommon in different presentation, resembling inversion of uterus, malignancy & various sizes are reported in literature. A case of big cervical fibroid polyp has been reported here. Patient presented something coming down per vagina with foul smelling discharge. On examinations there was a hugely enlarged, infected mass about 15cm x 12cm which was arising from posterior lip of the cervix & outside the introitus. As the patient was 45 years & had menorrhagia, Non Descend Vaginal Hysterectomy (NDVH) was done without resecting the polyp priorly. Patient was discharged in good condition. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis and reported leiomyoma with areas of degeneration which was mainly composed of involuntary smooth muscle cells & fibrous connective tissue from cervix which probably expelled out as a polyp attached to posterior lip of cervix.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.15 (2); Jul 2016; Page 65-67
A dark and mysterious place: excavations of an Iron Age settlement at Auchrannie, Brodick
Authors: Williamson Claire
Published: March 2017

An extension to the accommodation of the Spa Resort at Auchrannie, Brodick, required the excavation of the remaining elements of a roundhouse and souterrain which had been partially excavated prior to the construction of the Spa Resort itself. These follow-up excavations revealed that the retained southern half of the roundhouse had been badly truncated through agricultural land use, while the souterrain passages remained largely intact, revealing evidence for timber- and stone-lined sections, and a group of overlapping pits and shallow passages at one end. While one of the passages appeared to have been infilled during, or not long after, the 2ndcentury AD, the other was not backfilled until the medieval period, possibly being left open as a void until this time. Other dates also pointed to continued reuse of portions of the site on a much smaller scale throughout later periods.
Les plantes sauvages de mon jardin. Leur enseignement
Authors: Delaigue Jacques
Published: March 2017

The author begins by giving a general description of his own garden. He then goes on to speak of gardens in general : specific, modified, artificial biotopes, all different from one another. He then gives a list of the «weeds » and mushrooms found. The majority of weeds though relatively common often nonetheless reserve a few surprises. He conclude by inviting botanists to include gardens in their field of study, as a rich alternative source of informations.
Deux discomycètes intéressants récoltés à La Martinique, note complémentaire
Authors: Van Vooren Nicolas
Published: March 2017

L'auteur apporte deux compléments d'information sur le genre Cookeina faisant suite à la publication d'un article dans la revue américaine Mycologia.
Une espèce nouvelle de Tardigrade pour l'Ile de La Réunion : Cornechiniscus madagascariensis Maucci
Authors: Séméria Yves
Published: March 2017

L'île de La Réunion, terre volcanique par excellence, offre l'occurrence de découvrir une faune tardigradologique variée. On y a récemment relevé la présence d'une espèce d'Echiniscidae du genre Cornechiniscus : C. madagascariensis.
Liquid permeation and chemical stability of anodic alumina membranes
Authors: Petukhov Dmitrii I , Buldakov Dmitrii A , Tishkin Alexey A , Lukashin Alexey V , Eliseev Andrei A
Published: March 2017

A study on the chemical stability of anodic alumina membranes and their performance in long-term water and organic solvent permeation experiments is reported. Anodic alumina possesses high stability for both protonic and aprotonic organic solvents. However, serious degradation of the membrane occurs in pure water, leading to a drastic decrease of permeance (over 20% of the initial value after the passing of 0.250 m3/m2 of pure water). The drying of the membrane induces further permeance drop-off. The rate of membrane degradation strongly depends on the pH of the penetrant solution and increases in basic media. According to 27Al NMR and thermogravimetry results, the degradation of the membranes is associated with the dissolution of water-soluble [Al13O4(OH)24(H2O)12]7+ polyhydroxocomplexes and their further redeposition in the form of [Al(OH)4]−, resulting in channels blocking. This process intensifies in basic pH due to the high positive charge of the anodic alumina surface. An approach for improving anodic aluminum oxide stability towards dissolution in water by carbon CVD coating of the membrane walls is suggested.
A new method to determine maintenance and repair activities at network-level pavement management using falling weight deflectometer
Authors: KAVUSSI Amir , ABBASGHORBANI Mojtaba , MOGHADAS NEJAD Fereidoon , BAMDAD ZIKSARI Armin
Published: March 2017

Pavement condition assessment at network level requires structural evaluation that can be achieved using Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD). Upon analysing FWD data, appropriate maintenance and repair methods (preser­vation, rehabilitation or reconstruction) could be assigned to various pavement sections. In this study, Structural Condi­tion Index (SCI), defined as the ratio of Effective Structural Number (SNeff) to Required Structural Number (SNreq), was used to determine if a pavement requires preservation or rehabilitation works (i.e. preservation SCI > 1, rehabilitation SCI < 1). In addition to FWD deflection data, SCI calculation requires pavement layer thicknesses that is obtained using GPR with elaborated and time consuming works. In order to reduce field data collection and analysis time at network-level pavement management, SCI values were calculated without having knowledge of pavement layer thicknesses. Two regression models were developed based on several thousand FWD deflection data to calculate SNeff of pavements and resilient modulus (MR) of their subgrades. Subgrades MR values together with traffic data were then used to calculate SNreq. Statistical analysis of deflection data indicated that Area under Pavement Profile (AUPP) and the deflection at distance of 60 cm from load center (D60) parameters showed to have strong correlation with SNeff and MR respectively. The determination coefficients of the two developed models were greater than those of previous models reported in the literature. The significant result of this study was to calculate SNeff and MR using the same deflection data. Finally, imple­mentation of the developed method was described in determining appropriate Maintenance and Repair (M&R) method at network level pavement management system.
BUILDING ON EUROPEAN SCIENTIFIC EXCELLENCE TO DEVELOP AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM ON INTERMODAL CONNECTIONS FOR LATVIA AND THE REGION
Authors: Mitropoulos Lambros , Adamos Giannis , Nathanail Eftihia , Yatskiv (Jackiva) Irina , Kabashkin Igor
Published: March 2017

Economic and social factors, including existing trends in urban population and employment growth combined with urbanization, have led to enhanced consumption and thus, increasing freight flows in the cities. Mitigation of transport impacts has led to plans towards a more sustainable urban environment. However, managerial and regulatory barriers restrict the incorporation of technological instruments and solutions to the sustainable dimension of decision-making and planning. This paper has sought to bridge this gap by organizing an educational and training program, which involves the participation of todays and tomorrow’s researchers, decision-makers and practitioners. Towards this direction, a methodology is developed that identifies existing gaps between the transport industry and the existing research, education and training programs and converts identified requirements and gaps into training courses. The paper addresses the context of intermodal interconnections for the case of Latvia and the region for stimulating and strengthening its scientific and technological capacity by providing knowledge in the field of smart interconnecting sustainable transport networks. The 2-level gap analysis that was developed and implemented with respect to the thematic areas of (1) ‘Governance and policy development’, (2) ‘Smart solutions’, and (3) ‘Decision-making’, and the validation process that followed, has revealed several requirements that exist currently for passenger and freight interchanges and educational programs for Latvia and the region. Based on the identified educational requirements for Latvia and the region, 20 educational areas were created that resulted in 12 courses for passenger and freight transport interchanges that are going to be used for training and education in Latvia.
The Optical/UV Excess of X-Ray-dim Isolated Neutron Stars. I. Bremsstrahlung Emission from a Strangeon Star Atmosphere
Authors: Wang Weiyang , Lu Jiguang , Tong Hao , Ge Mingyu , Li Zhaosheng , Men Yunpeng , Xu Renxin
Published: March 2017

X-ray-dim isolated neutron stars (XDINSs) are characterized by Planckian spectra in X-ray bands, but show optical/ultraviolet (UV) excesses: the factors by which the measured photometry exceeds those extrapolated from X-ray spectra. To solve this problem, a radiative model of bremsstrahlung emission from a plasma atmosphere is established in the regime of a strangeon star. A strangeon star atmosphere could simply be regarded as the upper layer of a normal neutron star. This plasma atmosphere, formed and maintained by the interstellar-medium-accreted matter due to the so-called strangeness barrier, is supposed to be of two temperatures. All seven XDINS spectra could be well fitted by the radiative model, from optical/UV to X-ray bands. The fitted radiation radii of XDINSs are from 7 to 13 km, while the modeled electron temperatures are between 50 and 250 eV, except RX J0806.4–4123, with a radiation radius of ∼3.5 km, indicating that this source could be a low-mass strangeon star candidate. This strangeon star model could further be tested by soft X-ray polarimetry, such as the Lightweight Asymmetry and Magnetism Probe, which is expected to be operational on China’s space station around 2020.
Multi-fluid Approach to High-frequency Waves in Plasmas. II. Small-amplitude Regime in Partially Ionized Media
Authors: Martínez-Gómez David , Soler Roberto , Terradas Jaume
Published: March 2017

The presence of neutral species in a plasma has been shown to greatly affect the properties of magnetohydrodynamic waves. For instance, the interaction between ions and neutrals through momentum transfer collisions causes the damping of Alfvén waves and alters their oscillation frequency and phase speed. When the collision frequencies are larger than the frequency of the waves, single-fluid magnetohydrodynamic approximations can accurately describe the effects of partial ionization, since there is a strong coupling between the various species. However, at higher frequencies, the single-fluid models are not applicable and more complex approaches are required. Here, we use a five-fluid model with three ionized and two neutral components, which takes into consideration Hall’s current and Ohm’s diffusion in addition to the friction due to collisions between different species. We apply our model to plasmas composed of hydrogen and helium, and allow the ionization degree to be arbitrary. By analyzing the corresponding dispersion relation and numerical simulations, we study the properties of small-amplitude perturbations. We discuss the effect of momentum transfer collisions on the ion-cyclotron resonances and compare the importance of magnetic resistivity, and ion–neutral and ion–ion collisions on the wave damping at various frequency ranges. Applications to partially ionized plasmas of the solar atmosphere are performed.
Energy Spectra of Abundant Cosmic-ray Nuclei in Sources, According to the ATIC Experiment
Authors: Panov A. D. , Sokolskaya N. V. , Zatsepin V. I.
Published: March 2017

One of the main results of the ATIC (Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter) experiment is a collection of energy spectra of abundant cosmic-ray nuclei: protons, He, C, O, Ne, Mg, Si, and Fe measured in terms of energy per particle in the energy range from 50 GeV to tens of teraelectronvolts. In this paper, the ATIC energy spectra of abundant primary nuclei are back-propagated to the spectra in sources in terms of magnetic rigidity using a leaky-box approximation of three different GALPROP-based diffusion models of propagation that fit the latest B/C data of the AMS-02 experiment. It is shown that the results of a comparison of the slopes of the spectra in sources are weakly model dependent; therefore the differences of spectral indices are reliable data. A regular growth of the steepness of spectra in sources in the range of magnetic rigidity of 50–1350 GV is found for a charge range from helium to iron. This conclusion is statistically reliable with significance better than 3.2 standard deviations. The results are discussed and compared to the data of other modern experiments.
Turbulent Transport in a Three-dimensional Solar Wind
Authors: Shiota D. , Zank G. P. , Adhikari L. , Hunana P. , Telloni D. , Bruno R.
Published: March 2017

Turbulence in the solar wind can play essential roles in the heating of coronal and solar wind plasma and the acceleration of the solar wind and energetic particles. Turbulence sources are not well understood and thought to be partly enhanced by interaction with the large-scale inhomogeneity of the solar wind and the interplanetary magnetic field and/or transported from the solar corona. To investigate the interaction with background inhomogeneity and the turbulence sources, we have developed a new 3D MHD model that includes the transport and dissipation of turbulence using the theoretical model of Zank et al. We solve for the temporal and spatial evolution of three moments or variables, the energy in the forward and backward fluctuating modes and the residual energy and their three corresponding correlation lengths. The transport model is coupled to our 3D model of the inhomogeneous solar wind. We present results of the coupled solar wind-turbulence model assuming a simple tilted dipole magnetic configuration that mimics solar minimum conditions, together with several comparative intermediate cases. By considering eight possible solar wind and turbulence source configurations, we show that the large-scale solar wind and IMF inhomogeneity and the strength of the turbulence sources significantly affect the distribution of turbulence in the heliosphere within 6 au. We compare the predicted turbulence distribution results from a complete solar minimum model with in situ measurements made by the Helios and Ulysses spacecraft, finding that the synthetic profiles of the turbulence intensities show reasonable agreement with observations.
Explosive Magnetic Reconnection in Double-current Sheet Systems: Ideal versus Resistive Tearing Mode
Authors: Baty Hubert
Published: March 2017

Magnetic reconnection associated with the tearing instability occurring in double-current sheet systems is investigated within the framework of resistive magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in a two-dimensional Cartesian geometry. A special emphasis on the existence of fast and explosive phases is taken. First, we extend the recent theory on the ideal tearing mode of a single-current sheet to a double-current layer configuration. A linear stability analysis shows that, in long and thin systems with (length to shear layer thickness) aspect ratios scaling as

(S

L
being the Lundquist number based on the length scale L), tearing modes can develop on a fast Alfvénic timescale in the asymptotic limit

. The linear results are confirmed by means of compressible resistive MHD simulations at relatively high S

L
values (up to

) for different current sheet separations. Moreover, the nonlinear evolution of the ideal double tearing mode (IDTM) exhibits a richer dynamical behavior than its single-tearing counterpart, as a nonlinear explosive growth violently ends up with a disruption when the two current layers interact trough the merging of plasmoids. The final outcome of the system is a relaxation toward a new state, free of magnetic field reversal. The IDTM dynamics is also compared to the resistive double tearing mode dynamics, which develops in similar systems with smaller aspect ratios,

, and exhibits an explosive secondary reconnection, following an initial slow resistive growth phase. Finally, our results are used to discuss the flaring activity in astrophysical magnetically dominated plasmas, with a particular emphasis on pulsar systems.
Penser avec soin
Authors: Pérez-Bustos Tania
Published: March 2017

Cet article réfléchit aux pratiques soigneuses d’effilage et raccommodage comme parties intimement constitutives de processus de raisonnement incorporé. Mon point de départ est une ethnographie de dialogues entre la broderie calado et la conception technique. D’où, tout en décrivant l’effilage partiel des tissus destinés au calado et leur raccommodage postérieur par le tissage, j’interroge la double action de ces pratiques : d’abord sur l’ethnographie qui les aborde ; ensuite au sujet des effets de l’ethnographie – elle-même influencée par les pratiques du calado – sur les imaginaires et les attentes des ingénieurs à propos de la conception et du contexte de cet art manuel. Tout au long de cet article, je mets l’accent sur le fait que ce genre de processus d’effilage et raccommodage est constitué par le soin (care) en relation aux corps et aux matérialités. Je prête donc une attention particulière à la manière dont ces processus, traversés par la question du genre selon des manières bien spécifiques, entrelacent histoires d’apprentissage incarné et domestique et formes d’invisibilité ambiguë.
L’accomplissement interactionnel de l’autonomie
Authors: Zogmal Marianne
Published: March 2017

Dans les métiers de la prise en charge d’autrui, la notion d’autonomie des bénéficiaires est souvent centrale dans les textes et les discours. Dans une perspective d’analyse du travail d’inspiration interactionnelle, cette contribution porte sur les pratiques réelles dans les métiers de l’éducation de la petite enfance, mobilisées pour favoriser l’autonomie des jeunes enfants. Pour éclairer les savoirs préexistants, la notion d’autonomie est abordée sur le plan historique et à travers différentes perspectives disciplinaires. L’analyse empirique porte ensuite sur une activité ludique menée auprès d’un groupe d’enfants, lors d’un stage professionnel en troisième année de formation d’Éducatrice ES, ainsi que sur l’entretien de stage consécutif. Des enregistrements audio-vidéo permettent la prise en compte fine du déroulement interactionnel. Cet article permet de mettre en évidence l’écart entre les pratiques d’observation et d’étayage effectuées et le but énoncé de l’activité, consistant à « laisser faire ». Cet écart et son occultation empêchent de faire dialoguer savoirs « quotidiens » et savoirs disciplinaires. Pour les éducatrices elles-mêmes, ceci restreint les possibilités pour : a) mettre en mots leurs pratiques et en débattre ; b) acquérir et transmettre les compétences professionnelles ; c) contribuer à une reconnaissance sociale des pratiques professionnelles mobilisées dans le champ de la petite enfance. Pour la recherche, cet article montre qu’une analyse fine des pratiques réelles et du déroulement des interactions permet de dépasser certains phénomènes d’occultation et d’éclairer la notion d’autonomie dans sa complexité.
Implementing a Veteran-Centered Community Health Clinical Experience in a Baccalaureate Nursing Program
Authors: Champlin Barbara E. , Kunkel Dorcas Elisabeth
Published: March 2017

Background:

In a baccalaureate nursing curriculum, students focused on the unique health care needs of veterans and their families. The learning experiences aimed to equip them with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) to provide holistic relation-centered care to veterans and their families.

Method:

The clinical course integrated the findings of several veteran-centered publications and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing veteran-centered resources.

Results:

Formative and summative anecdotal information was gathered in the learning experience during weekly postclinical discussions, course assignments, and a seminar after completion of the experience. Three noteworthy themes stand out: Increased Descriptions of Resources and Services Available to Veterans and Their Families, Increased Expressions of the Complex Health Care Needs of Veterans, and Increasing Recognition of the Autonomous Nature of the Community Health Nursing Role.

Conclusion:

Early indicators are that this community health field work experience will be sustainable into the future. The academic institution and clinical partner remain committed to working together to provide meaningful learning opportunities to students. Students completed the experience with increased KSAs and a beginning orientation to the Veterans Affairs Health Care System. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(3):186–190.]
Why Non-contact Tonometry Tests Cannot Evaluate the Effects of Corneal Collagen Cross-linking
Authors: Ortillés Ángel , Rodríguez-Matas José F. , Ariza-Gracia Miguel Á. , Pascual Gemma , Calvo Begoña
Published: March 2017

PURPOSE:

To assess the feasibility of characterizing and following up the mechanical behavior of the corneal tissue after corneal cross-linking (CXL) by using a combined mechanical (in vivo indentation and in vitro uniaxial tensile tests) and morphological (immunohisto-chemistry) experimental protocol.

METHODS:

CXL (3 mW/cm
2
; 370 nm) for 20 minutes (total dose 3.6 J/cm
2
) was performed on 12 New Zealand rabbits. The mechanical behavior of the cornea was characterized in small and large strain regimens using an in vivo indentation test with a laboratory device and an in vitro uniaxial tensile test, respectively. These tests and corneal immunohistochemistry were performed before (PreCXL) and on the 7th (PostCXL-7d) and 56th days (PostCXL-56d) after CXL. The intraocular pressure and corneal thickness were measured before each test.

RESULTS:

For the indentation tests, significant differences were found between PreCXL and PostCXL-7d and between PostCXL-7d and PostCXL-56d, but not between PreCXL and PostCXL-56d. On average, for the small strain regimen, PostCXL-7d corneas showed the most compliant behavior, with progressive recovery of the corneal stiffness over time. For the large strain regimen, significant differences in the maximum tangent modulus between PreCXL and PostCXL-7d and between PreCXL and PostCXL-56d were observed for the uniaxial tensile tests, with no significant differences between PostCXL-7d and PostCXL-56d. Immunohistochemistry showed a lack of cells in the anterior stroma at PostCXL-7d, but at PostCXL-56d the cell density and morphology were comparable to PreCXL.

CONCLUSIONS:

Indentation tests cannot characterize the changes in the corneal collagen scaffold caused by the CXL, but the uniaxial test can. However, indentation tests can assess the recovery of keratocyte density after CXL.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(3):184–192.]
Biomechanical Weakening of Different Re-treatment Options After Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE)
Authors: Kling Sabine , Spiru Bogdan , Hafezi Farhad , Sekundo Walter
Published: March 2017

PURPOSE:

To determine the corneal weakening induced by different re-treatment options after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and investigate the potential of corneal cross-linking (CXL) to reestablish the original corneal stress resistance.

METHODS:

A total of 96 freshly enucleated porcine corneas were used. The initial refractive correction was defined to be −11.00 diopters (D) and the required enhancement to be −3.00 D. Three different re-treatment options were analyzed: −3D Re-SMILE, −3D photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) on top of the SMILE cap, and cap-to-flap conversion and −3D excimer ablation on the stromal bed (LASIK). The control condition did not receive any treatment. Subsequently, accelerated CXL (9 mW/cm
2
, 10 min) was performed in two groups with currently common enhancement techniques: following cap-to-flap conversion (−3D LASIK enhancement) and in controls. Biomechanical properties were measured with stress-strain extensometry ranging from 1.27 to 12.5 N.

RESULTS:

The Re-SMILE and PRK enhancement did not significantly reduce the overall elastic modulus of the cornea compared to controls (24.7 ± 2.23 and 22.7 ± 2.61 versus 23.8 ± 3.35 MPa,
P
≥ .176), whereas LASIK enhancement did (22.2 ± 3.37 MPa,
P
= .048). CXL treatment significantly increased the elastic modulus compared to all non-cross-linked conditions (
P
≤.001). Refractive surgery decreased the overall elastic modulus by 7%, whereas CXL increased it by 20%.

CONCLUSIONS:

In enhancement, the corneal biomechanical integrity is less affected with both Re-SMILE and PRK enhancement. Corneal weakening through laser refractive surgery is small compared to the stiffening effect after CXL.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(3):193–198.]
Hommage. Raymond Chirat l’historien
Authors: Le Forestier Laurent
Published: March 2017

Raymond Chirat qui vient de disparaître a participé en septembre 1980 à une table ronde sur l’histoire du cinéma dans la revue Cinématographe, « Histoire du cinéma. Mitry, Sadoul et les autres » avec Claude Beylie, Patrick Brion, Francis Courtade, Jean-Claude Romer. Pour la revue l’historiographie du cinéma connaissait alors une transformation, les matériaux s’accumulant (films et non-film), le modèle de l’histoire générale du cinéma, jusqu’alors dominant, paraissait devoir être abandonné, sans que l’on parvienne encore à savoir quelle(s) forme(s) prendra cette historiographie du cinéma renouvelée. Sur bien des points, cette table ronde posait des questions formulées quelque temps avant lors du fameux 34e Congrès de la FIAF à Brighton, mais avec des réponses sensiblement différentes. Elle donne de ce fait une bonne photographie d’un moment historiographique singulier où les historiens français du cinéma se détachent d’un modèle sans rompre avec lui, amorçant un glissement progressif vers ce qu’on appellera ensuite la « nouvelle histoire du cinéma ». Raymond Chirat, plus que d’autres, a pu incarner cette figure intermédiaire, donc essentielle, de ce moment intermédiaire, donc essentiel.
Trabalho e saúde na Europa : um retrato por país e profissão
Authors: Barroso Margarida Martins
Published: March 2017

Com base na edição mais recente do Inquérito Europeu às Condições de Trabalho (Eurofound, 2010), este artigo discute a relação entre trabalho e saúde na Europa, através da análise de três indicadores centrais para a sua compreensão (doença e perceção do estado de saúde ; absentismo e presentismo associados à saúde ; e sustentabilidade do trabalho). Colocando o enfoque na distribuição por país e ocupação, os resultados demonstram padrões diferenciados por tipo de profissão desempenhada, revelando, por um lado, a desvantagem relativa que as ocupações formalmente menos qualificadas continuam a apresentar nesta dimensão da vida profissional, mas também a transversalidade com que se apresentam os “novos” efeitos sobre a saúde no conjunto de grupos ocupacionais.
Ambiente e saúde global
Authors: Jesus Ana de , Silva Bruno Oliveira e
Published: March 2017

Inserido no quadro conceptual da Ecologia Humana e da Ecologia da Saúde e analisando diversos estudos e relatórios de várias instituições como a Comissão Europeia ; o IPCC ; OCDE ; OMS ; ONU e WWF, este ensaio incide no debate acerca do impacto da degradação ambiental nos determinantes sociais da saúde (alimentação, ar, água, habitação) e em como as ações focadas na prevenção/mitigação das alterações climáticas podem ter um impacto positivo nas questões de saúde e na transição para um paradigma de desenvolvimento sustentável.Numa lógica de mútuo reforço, políticas ambientais e de maior responsabilidade ecológica terão impacto em termos de benefícios de saúde, ao mesmo tempo que o objetivo de mais saúde concede legitimidade acrescida à prevenção da degradação ambiental. Partindo de uma base analítica alicerçada nos indicadores que estas entidades de responsabilidade e relevo internacional vêm produzindo nos últimos anos, identificaram-se vantagens na afirmação da noção de que uma boa gestão ambiental desempenha um papel fundamental na proteção da saúde, defendendo uma abordagem integrada a estes temas.
Love and Ryanair : academic researchers’ mobility
Authors: Giorgi Alberta , Raffini Luca
Published: March 2017

Para os/as investigadores/as académicos/as, a Europa é parte do trabalho : a sua mobilidade intraeuropeia aumentou nas últimas décadas e a internacionalização é a palavra-chave para suas carreiras. Por outro lado, a mobilidade intraeuropeia também traz dificuldades : casais que vivem separados, redução de empregos permanentes, frequentes deslocalizações, problemas no acesso aos sistemas de segurança social locais e o pesadelo de organizar um regime de pensões. Ou seja, a Ryanair vem com o trabalho, também. Neste artigo, vamos discutir em primeiro lugar a mobilidade intraeuropeia e académica em um contexto de crescente incerteza no trabalho. Em seguida, utilizamos um banco de dados originais de entrevistas em profundidade dirigidas aos investigadores que experimentaram mobilidade intraeuropeia, para explorar as suas narrativas e autorrepresentações. Finalmente, discutimos as implicações para o discurso de "fuga de cérebros/ circulação de cérebros" e a literatura sobre mobilidade.
Contratación internacional de médicos/as latinoamericanos/as en Portugal y España
Authors: Romero María Cristina , Masanet Erika
Published: March 2017

A partir das experiências dos/as médicos/as latino-americanos/as que exercem a sua profissão em Portugal e em Espanha, o artigo busca comparar o recrutamento internacional dos/as médicos/as, o reconhecimento das qualificações para o exercício da Medicina e os processos de integração profissional no sistema de saúde português e espanhol. Para isso, foi utilizada uma metodologia qualitativa baseada em entrevistas em profundidade. Os resultados mostram semelhanças e divergências em cada uma destas três dimensões nos dois contextos nacionais.
The implications of historical and contemporary anti-Semitism in Glasgow and Scotland for Global Citizenship
Authors: McKinney Stephen
Published: March 2017

One of the stated aims of the state-funded school system in Scotland is to help develop global citizens for the future. This paper argues that Global Citizenship must recognize the continued widespread adherence to religion, acknowledge religious diversity and the challenges faced by religious minorities to ensure a more comprehensive education in cultural identity, human rights, diversity and inclusion. The paper uses the example of the Jews in the Greater Glasgow Area and Scotland to illustrate this point. A discussion and analysis of the history and contemporary manifestations of anti-Semitism is used to provide a deeper and more nuanced knowledge and understanding of this form of discrimination.
O poder de uma história : encontros e desencontros culturais
Authors: Garcia Ana Catarina Mendes
Published: March 2017

O fenómeno da globalização tornou-nos mais conscientes da diversidade cultural existente em todas as sociedades. Importa, pois, que reflictamos acerca dos possíveis conflitos que do desconhecimento podem advir e das descontinuidades culturais que se podem gerar entre o ambiente familiar do aprendente e o ambiente escolar. Além disso, a profunda conexão entre língua e cultura impõe-nos uma avaliação do contributo do texto literário multicultural para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem de inglês como língua estrangeira. Por conseguinte, são apresentados os resultados de um estudo de caso em que foram aplicados excertos do romance Americanah, da autoria de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, nas sessões de formação do módulo de língua estrangeira – inglês, ministradas a um grupo de formandos a frequentar um curso de educação e formação de adultos num Serviço de Formação Profissional da zona centro de Portugal.
Um olhar sobre as experiências de mulheres imigrantes em cursos EFA – Histórias de vida
Authors: Fonseca Luís Filipe da Câmara da
Published: March 2017

Este artigo é fruto da dissertação de mestrado em Ciências da Educação, intitulada “Um olhar sobre as experiências de mulheres imigrantes em cursos EFA – Histórias de vida”, submetida à Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa. O autor teve como objectivo principal saber por que razão as mulheres imigrantes, que interromperam os seus estudos nos países de origem, decidiram voltar a estudar, nomeadamente em cursos de Educação e Formação de Adultos (EFA) em Portugal. Os relatos das participantes permitiram conhecer os seus percursos escolares nos países de origem, os motivos que as levaram a inscrever-se nos referidos cursos, as dificuldades enfrentadas, assim como também perceber como encaram a educação e a formação, e que expectativas têm após finalizarem os seus cursos.
Vejez y sociedad en México: Las visiones construidas desde las Ciencias Sociales
Authors: Bruno Fernando , Alemán Jesús Acevedo
Published: March 2017

La investigación social de la vejez en México, ha mostrado significativos avances en los últimos años, con la particularidad de abordarse desde enfoques diversos que se iniciaron en la Geriatría hasta llegar a la Sociología, Antropología y el Trabajo Social. Estos derroteros permitieron la construcción de visiones y teorías sobre la vejez, evaluando los impactos de este fenómeno sobre la sociedad. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la construcción social de la vejez y el envejecimiento en México desde las Ciencias Sociales y brindar un aporte sobre los desafíos futuros ya que, el proceso de envejecimiento es cada vez más notable en el país, así como las deficiencias institucionales y culturales para integrar socialmente a la población de la tercera edad. Entre los hallazgos se destaca que hasta el momento no se ha podido incorporar hacia las políticas sociales, provocado por una visión a corto plazo de los mecanismos para mejorar la situación de las personas mayores de 60 años.
Infância, direitos e risco(s) : velhos e novos desafios identificados a partir da análise dos Relatórios da CNPCJR (2000 e 2010)
Authors: Fernandes Natália , Tomás Catarina
Published: March 2017

A análise da situação da infância em risco em Portugal caracteriza-se por um conjunto de avanços, impasses e retrocessos, na afirmação dos direitos da criança e na edificação de condições de bem-estar social para esta categoria social de tipo geracional. Através de um quadro teórico ancorado na sociologia da infância, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os indicadores plasmados nos relatórios da Comissão Nacional de Proteção de Crianças e Jovens em Risco, em 2000 e em 2010. Propõe-se, assim, a partir de uma análise qualitativa e crítica, compreender as tensões e as ambiguidades que caracterizam a infância das crianças na sociedade portuguesa, em situação de risco, e os contornos que ele foi assumindo no período em análise.
As lógicas da exclusão urbana no contexto português : uma perspectiva Sul-Norte
Authors: Tarsi Elena
Published: March 2017

A exclusão urbana é um fenómeno em crescimento no contexto português da crise e das medidas de austeridade. Apesar disso, as lógicas subjacentes são ainda pouco debatidas e sistematizadas, reduzindo a exclusão urbana ao somatório das exclusões sociais no território. Neste artigo, a autora aponta para o papel do “urbano” na produção e reprodução da exclusão através da identificação de quatro lógicas principais e das relações de interdependência entre elas. Esta formulação conceptual resulta do confronto com a realidade brasileira, na qual o fenómeno se apresenta como estrutural, sendo por isso mais facilmente inteligível.
How to Manage Persons Taken Malaise at the Steering Wheel Using HAaaS in a Vehicular Cloud Computing Environment
Authors: Benadda Meriem , Bouamrane Karim , Belalem Ghalem
Published: March 2017

These last years, an increasingly significant number of traffic accidents caused by a malaise at the steering wheel was observed. The management of this kind of phenomenon is difficult and presents a real challenge. Given this fact, the authors try, in this paper, to propose a work which, thanks to new technologies, let's take care of people taken malaise while driving. Thus, they will provide a new service called HAaaS “Health-Assistance as a Service” which will allow the detection of malaise and the management of the driver and the vehicle. Moreover, the aspect of co-operation will be guaranteed thanks to a mechanism that the authors will use and that they call the Help/rescue mechanism.
Disease Surveillance System for Big Climate Data Processing and Dengue Transmission
Authors: Manogaran Gunasekaran , Lopez Daphne
Published: March 2017

Ambient intelligence is an emerging platform that provides advances in sensors and sensor networks, pervasive computing, and artificial intelligence to capture the real time climate data. This result continuously generates several exabytes of unstructured sensor data and so it is often called big climate data. Nowadays, researchers are trying to use big climate data to monitor and predict the climate change and possible diseases. Traditional data processing techniques and tools are not capable of handling such huge amount of climate data. Hence, there is a need to develop advanced big data architecture for processing the real time climate data. The purpose of this paper is to propose a big data based surveillance system that analyzes spatial climate big data and performs continuous monitoring of correlation between climate change and Dengue. Proposed disease surveillance system has been implemented with the help of Apache Hadoop MapReduce and its supporting tools.
A Principled Framework for General Adaptive Social Robotics
Authors: Ho Seng-Beng
Published: March 2017

A principled framework for general adaptive intelligent systems is described and applied to the domain of social robotics. Under the principled framework, the author develops computational methods to address an important aspect of a social robot, which is the ability to rapidly adapt to changes in the environment such as the introduction of novel objects and installations that serve novel purposes. Methods are also developed to address another important aspect of a social robot, which is the ability to understand the needs of humans that it interacts with by having a deep model of their needs, which enables the robot to assist humans in various tasks in a socially realistic manner. The author describes the methods of causal learning and script learning through computational visual observation that allow a robot to acquire the scripts and plans that enable it to understand the intentions of humans as well as solve problems to provide assistance to humans. The robot thus adapts rapidly to changing environmental factors as new observation provides new knowledge to guide its behavior. The assistance provided to humans is formulated as a script interaction problem and the optimal points at which assistance is provided are computed using a motivational strength model derived from psychological research and formulated computationally for robotic purposes. Also, a method is proposed to handle competition of needs which arises frequently in the course of robot-human interactions to generate socially realistic and appropriate behavior on the part of the robot. This paper uses primarily a home environment to demonstrate the methodology involved, but a robot that incorporates the methodology described could rapidly adapt to any environments such as the office and factory.
Supply Chain Model with Two Storage Facility for Stock Dependent Demand Incorporating Learning and Inflationary Effect under Crisp and Fuzzy Environment
Authors: Singh Chaman , Singh Shiv R.
Published: March 2017

In this paper, a supply chain model with power form stock-dependent demand rate is developed, incorporating the effect of learning and inflationary environment. In order to bring their research closer to reality, all the cost parameters involved in the model are considered fuzzy in nature. The demand rate is assumed to be a polynomial form of current inventory level in Own-warehouse. To display the items, retailer has one warehouse of finite capacity, treated as own warehouse (OW) and may hire another warehouse of large capacity, treated as rented warehouse (RW) to storage the excess inventory. Learning effect is incorporated on retailer's selling price, purchasing cost, part of holding cost, deterioration cost and ordering cost. Proposed model is illustrated with some numerical example along with sensitivity analysis of parameters.
Privacy Preserving Fuzzy Association Rule Mining in Data Clusters Using Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Sathiyapriya , Sadasivam G. Sudha , Rajalakshmi M. , Kowsalyaa K. , Dhivya M.
Published: March 2017

An association rule is classified as sensitive if its thread of revelation is above certain confidence value. If these sensitive rules were revealed to the public, it is possible to deduce sensitive knowledge from the published data and offers benefit for the business competitors. Earlier studies in privacy preserving association rule mining focus on binary data and has more side effects. But in practical applications the transactions contain the purchased quantities of the items. Hence preserving privacy of quantitative data is essential. The main goal of the proposed system is to hide a group of interesting patterns which contains sensitive knowledge such that modifications have minimum side effects like lost rules, ghost rules, and number of modifications. The proposed system applies Particle Swarm Optimization to a few clusters of particles thus reducing the number of modification. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is efficient in terms of lost rules, number of modifications, hiding failure with complete avoidance of ghost rules.
Two-Body Dry Abrasive Wear Performance of High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Spray Process and Electrodeposited Cermet Coatings
Authors: Mohd Rabani Nur Amira , Zakiah Kamdi
Published: March 2017

In order to protect parts against wear, the carbon steel used are commonly coated by cermet coatings to increase the wear resistance. In this paper, the coatings consist of tungsten carbide 17wt% cobalt (WC-17Co), tungsten carbide 9wt% nickel (WC-9Ni), electrodeposited nickel (electro Ni) and electrodeposited nickel-silicon carbide (electro Ni-SiC) coatings. All coatings are deposited onto AISI 1018 carbon steel by using two different methods which are high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) and co-electrodeposition method. Abrasive wear test were observed under two‑body dry abrasion conditions with pin-on-disc test arrangement. Based on the volume loss after the wear test, the wear rates were calculated by using Archard’s law. The wear tracks of the coatings were investigated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The hardness of each coating was measured by using Vickers microhardness. The results showed that HVOF coatings have lower wear rate compared to the electrodeposited coatings. WC-9Ni has the lowest wear rate which is 4.06×10-3 mm3/Nm much lower compared to electro Ni-SiC of 16.36×10-3 mm3/Nm. This result was expected as the hardness of WC-9Ni is 1625.37 HV higher than electrodeposited coatings which approximately 380.51 HV. In conclusion, the methods of coating deposited affect the wear resistance as well as the hardness of the coatings.