bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From hostage to host: the spirit possession, mediumship, and gender relations in Chitral, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Zafar , Sanauddin Noor , Nawab Habib Ullah
Published: July 2023

This study explains how certain women in Chitral, Pakistan attains the status of spirit mediumship (Pari Khan) – a process where certain women attain the status and qualification to host spirits through which they claim to heal illnesses. For data collection, the study conducted in-depth interviews with spirit media, their assistants and clients, shamans, and clinicians; collected cases studies of possessed persons and their lived experiences of illness and healing; and conducted participant observations with spirit media (Pari Khan) to observe the healing rituals in its natural setting. The study reveals that patriarchal culture and oppressive norms frustrate women to the extent of illnesses that are locally interpreted as ‘spirit possession.’ As per the local practice, the treatment of the illness lies in either exorcism or domestication of the spirit. In the case of domestication, the possessed women (patients) gradually learn to live with the spirit and become its host. Such a woman is locally called Pari Khan, who gains considerable attention and social status by virtue of her alleged spiritual powers to heal various illnesses. The authors argue that spirit possession and mediumship, though provide relative empowerment to women, take away attention from women’s social and psychological deprivation.
Gender perception regarding impact of religion on voting behaviour in 2018 general elections: a case study of district Dir Upper, Pakistan
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Farmanullah
Published: July 2023

Religious teachings have significantly shaped the socio-political lives of the people in Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Nevertheless, no systematic research study has been carried out to explore this aspect. This study is the first academic attempt to fill the gap by investigating the influence of religion on the voting choice of the research population of the study area, specifically focusing on gender preferences in the 2018 general elections. The study adopts a qualitative method of research using a well-structured questionnaire. As per Krejcie and Morgan formula 1970, the data is collected from 381 participants, including male and female respondents. SPSS is used for the analysis of data. The significance of the results has been determined through the P value and Chi-square tests. To achieve reliable results and a deeper understanding of the phenomenon, the study took guidance from two theoretical models, the Sociological Model or School of Columbia and the Psycho-social Model or School of Michigan, also known as Partisan Identification. The research results prove the significant influence of religion on the voting behaviour of the people of Dir Upper, irrespective of their demographic differences such as gender, age, education, marital status, professional status, monthly income, and residential area.
A quantitative analysis of the impact of parenting style on psychological well-being of youth and adolescents in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Malik Asma Seemi , Butt Kinza , Mobeen Muhammad
Published: July 2023

Family institutions play a significant role in moulding adolescents’ behaviour and psychological well-being. Parents give identity and protection to adolescents. This research has adopted a cross-sectional quantitative research design that used a survey method to collect data. This study aims to examine the connection between Baumrind’s four styles of parenting with the psychological well-being of young people; it also tries to explore how adolescents perceive the parenting styles of their mother and father based on care and overprotection that how it helps to mould and shape their development and well-being. Data are gathered from 300 participants, (150) parents aged 35-65, (150) adolescents and youth aged 15 to 22; all are studying in educational institutes and different areas of Lahore. Three structured scales, namely parental bonding instrument, parenting style questionnaire, and psychological well-being scale, are used to collect data. The convenient sampling technique is used to gather data through an online survey. After analyzing the data, the results indicate that authoritarian, uninvolved parenting styles and the age of children have a significant positive association with the psychological well-being of children. The study outcomes suggest better guidance for parents and guardians to avoid harmful behaviour affecting their youth’s psychological and mental well-being.
The justice versus amnesty approach to resolving the protracted conflict in the Central African Republic
Authors: Ndiyun Robert Kosho
Published: July 2023

This study aims at the debate of promoting peace and achieving justice in conflict-prone countries. The debate’s core is whether justice should be traded for peacemaking. Whether or not, justice or peace should take precedence over each other? Proponents of peace over justice contend that pursuing justice will lead to more conflict in an already precarious situation. Their counterparts hold that durable peace cannot be achieved without justice. Eight African states, including the ‘phantom’ state of Central African Republic (CAR), have applied amnesties in resolving their conflicts. The research focuses on how amnesties and criminal trials have attained the goals of sustainable peace, deterrence and political stability in CAR. This paper views justice as an essential aspect of achieving peace, not solely in retributive terms. Amnesty is analysed from the lens of international law, which obligates states to extradite or prosecute and punish perpetrators of international crimes. The research limits its analysis to accountability for international crimes and amnesty approach through negotiated post-conflict peace agreements in CAR. The study argues that justice options provide a better opportunity for a comprehensive and durable peace in CAR than amnesty, which promotes impunity and guarantees momentary peace and subsequent relapse to conflict.
Colonial legacy of the British: a narrative analysis of police service of Pakistan
Authors: Khan Fida Muhammad , Alam Aftab , Veserio Manzoor Ali
Published: July 2023

The colonial legacy remains visible in the Police Service of Pakistan (PSP). The PSP officers identify themselves as something different and superior to the public. It is common for PSP to view the public how the colonial master viewed the subjects of colonial rule. The study adopted an interpretivist approach with a constructivist ontological stance using thematic analysis on in-depth interviews conducted with the respondents. The study found that PSP has retained its colonial imprint. As an institution, the PSP identifies itself as above the law and disconnected from the public. The narrative of “us” and “them”. The xenocentric attitude, viewing the public as inferior and savage people and, most importantly, thinking that the main job of the police as an organization is to maintain order rather than prevent crime, serves as evidence that the police service of Pakistan has kept its colonial legacy intact. It treats the public as “subjects” to be suppressed rather than served. The 1861 Police Act and colonial legislations help the PSP keep the colonial legacy alive. The PSP as an institution serves as an example of the persistence of colonial institutions with resistance to change and reform.
Efficient control charting methodology based on Distance Weighted Mean for normal distribution
Authors: Zaman Bisma , Raza Syed Muhammad Muslim , Iqbal Javed , Shehzadi Naima , Butt Muhammad Moeen , Riaz Muhammad
Published: July 2023

This research suggests a Distance Weighted Mean (DWM) based control chart under normal distribution implementing Simple Random Sampling (SRS). The control limits are calculated using the quantile point method. The control chart's performance is assessed using the Average Run Length (ARL) statistic. The numerical findings are illustrated using samples of sizes 3 and 5. The ARL1 values are determined using Monte Carlo Simulation for increasing and decreasing shifts in the location parameter ranging from 5% to 30%. Using the ARL1 measurement, the proposed DWM control charts are compared to the existing Shewhart control charts. According to the comparison analysis, the suggested DWM control chart surpasses the competing Shewhart control chart. The real-life application of the proposed DWM control chart is also shown by using the lifetime of the light bulb (in hours). The results suggest that the proposed DWM control chart can be a useful tool for monitoring process mean shifts, especially when the sample size is large, and the magnitude of the shift is significant.
Estimation of general parameters for sensitive study variables using auxiliary information for finite population
Authors: Mahmood Amjad , Mushtaq Nadia , Hanif Muhammad , Hussain Farhad
Published: July 2023

The judgment of parameters about the populace is significant for drawing a sample from the population under study in the survey method. Innumerable statisticians introduced numerous estimators to make predictions about the parameters in a population with the application of auxiliary information for sensitive variables. In the current investigation, the researchers tried to depict the general parameter estimate for sensitive variables using randomized response models. The survey was the method in this paper, and a simple random without replacement (SRSWOR) was utilized to gather the sample. Overall, it presented the general ratio and exponential ratio of estimations for the sensitive variable using non-sensitive AV founded on an RRT. The biasness and MSE expressions above second category calculations appeared as outcomes. Many empirical works are replicated to prove the performance of projected estimators for the sensitive variables for the population under study. This proven model will benefit other researchers and statisticians working in the statistics field or data collection, for instance, population census, to take forward it and develop more advanced statistical general parameters, and also for advanced investigations.
Conservation of the tomb of Safi-ud-Din Garzoni at Uch Sharif, district Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Mahmood Jam Ayaz , Ali Iftikhar , Awan Muhammad Yusuf , Shah Mir Wali , Shah Qasim Ali
Published: July 2023

Urban spirit assessment and its value are crucial globally in developed countries when it comes to protecting heritage, and the same should be taken into consideration in developing countries as well. Due to their dynamic nature and ongoing evolution, historic cities present a more challenging assessment. In Pakistan, several historical buildings have been the custodian of regional cultural and architectural heritage for many decades. They are currently in bad condones and require immediate conservation/restoration to keep them alive for the next generations. Uch Sharif has a long history of religious and architectural significance. Monumental tombs are the container for a city's most significant social, cultural, and architectural characteristics. However, they must contend with several degrading processes, including weathering, vandalism, a lack of organized mechanisms for maintenance and repair, and improper use by various stakeholders. This paper attempts to conservation of a 13th Century monument in Uch Sharif, namely the tomb of Safi-ud-Din Garzoni. It is a marvellous combination of many civilizations in the form of its architectural styles and significant element and construction techniques. The study's findings, in the form of proposed interventions, will apply to other overlooked monuments in Uch Sharif and other cities throughout Pakistan.
MEMBACA KEMAMPUAN MENULIS PROPOSAL SKRIPSI PADA MAHASISWA: JALAN PANJANG MEMBANGUN LITERASI BANGSA
Authors: Mustikasari Molly , Marlida Siti , Ma'shum Muhammad Zuhdy
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to determine the ability of students in making thesis proposals. The identification of the ability to make a thesis proposal is expected to improve students' weaknesses in writing thesis proposals.  This research was conducted to students who have taken research methodology courses at the Faculty of Islamic Religion, Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung.  The research method used was descriptive qualitative. The sample was 30 students who were taken purposively. Data in the form of thesis proposals in research methodology courses were analysed using research instruments in the form of thesis proposal writing structure tables and using descriptive statistical data to help interpret the data.  The results showed that in the ability to write proposals, showing the making of titles in the "Good" category. Background writing is in the "Fair" category. The writing of the problem formulation is in the "Good" category. While writing the theory and literature review falls into the "Fair" category, as well as the research method falls into the "Fair" category.Keywords : Writing competency; writing scientific paper; writing literacy
An Assessment of Employee Engagement: Understanding Organisation with Employees to Increase High Performance
Authors: Daryono Daryono
Published: July 2023

Human resource management (HRM) is a critical component of every firm that focuses on the success of each individual employee. Employee contentment is now regarded to assist employees in performing at a higher level. The new aims of this study is to assess the degree of work engagement and the effect of job insecurity and ethical leadership on work engagement. To quantify work engagement, the aspects of work engagement were measured using a survey approach. Job instability and ethical leadership are also used in this study to investigate how they affect work engagement.  This study was carried out through a survey with a data collection instrument in the form of a questionnaire containing a series of structured questions. The questionnaire includes statements that describe the dimensions and variables that were investigated. In this study, the population consists of 225 employees from the Faculty of Economics and Business at Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. The researchers used stratified proportional random sampling. Simple regression analysis and moderated regression analysis were used in this study. The highest level of work engagement found in the opportunity and corporate support dimensions, followed by the job dimension, and the lowest level is found in the organisational dimension.
ONLINE LEARNING MODALITY DELIVERY OF BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY
Authors: Elma D. Donaal, EdD Elma D. Donaal, EdD , Sheryl M. Langwas, Ma-Esl Sheryl M. Langwas, Ma-Esl
Published: July 2023

This study assessed the implementation of the online learning and teaching modality of Baguio Central University during the pandemic. It involves mainly the implementation of synchronous and asynchronous online teaching and learning modality. The study used the descriptive research design with the survey questionnaire as the main data gathering instrument separate for college instructors and students. The findings revealed that the teachers maximized both the synchronous and asynchronous teaching modalities for an effective and continuous teaching despite the pandemic. Also, students perceived the synchronous and asynchronous online learning modality as highly effective during the pandemic. Based on the findings, the following conclusions were drawn: The instructors maximized the use of the synchronous online teaching modality during the pandemic for engaging lectures and discussions; the instructors escalated the use of asynchronous online teaching modality which addressed the other needs not provided in the synchronous teaching; the students who belong to the Generation Z who are technology adequate are adaptive to the synchronous online learning modality; and, the students desired for continuous learning amidst the lockdown; hence, the asynchronous learning modality as supplemental in the teaching and learning process are appreciated by them.
Towards Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals: Identifying Economic and Investment Priorities in Barangay Pili, Mogpog
Authors: Udanga Generoso E.
Published: July 2023

The UNSDGs are a set of global objectives to address various socio-economic and environmental challenges. In this context, identifying economic and investment priorities is crucial for advancing sustainable development. The aim of this study was to assess the economic and investment needs of Barangay Pili in Mogpog, Marinduque to help develop a sustainable roadmap that maximizes its potential in alignment with the SDGs. The study employed a quantitative descriptive research design and simple random sampling method to gather data. A total of 121 residents were surveyed using a Citizen Satisfaction Index System (CSIS) adopted questionnaire. Data gathering was performed with the support of barangay officials and members of sanguniang kabataan to obtain residents’ perspectives and satisfaction levels on the economic and investment programs. Data gathered were analyzed using the descriptive statistics (mean) and frequency distribution. The findings revealed that the top three most pressing economic and investment needs of Barangay Pili are the implementation of livelihood programs, development and maintenance of tourist attractions facilities and organization and development of farmers, fishermen, and their cooperatives. Moreover, the current government economic promotion programs and services were perceived as inadequate in addressing these concerns. With the findings, this research provided insights for policymakers and stakeholders working towards the achievement of the SDGs. This investigation emphasizes the necessity of community involvement in promoting sustainable development and for government agencies to continuously enhance and adjust their economic promotion programs and services to keep up with the changing needs of their constituents.
Assessing Government Service Delivery in Barangay Pili, Mogpog, Marinduque: A Resident Satisfaction Survey
Authors: Udanga Generoso E. , Cuevas Abraham
Published: July 2023

Barangay Pili, Mogpog, Marinduque, a former mining area, continues to seek mediation measures from the government for improved service delivery and community life. The Citizen Satisfaction Index System (CSIS) assesses community needs and service requirements based on Section 17 of the Local Government Code. However, its limited use restricts data availability for barangay-level decision-making. This paper examines the satisfaction level of Barangay Pili residents with local government programs and services, providing a basis for policy formulation and priority setting. A CSIS-inspired questionnaire was used to gather data through survey research. Results revealed that VAWC Desk services received the lowest mean of 2.22, indicating a low level of satisfaction. Barangay leaders are encouraged to prioritize this service in program and policy formulation.
Educators' Exposure to Manipulative Materials
Authors: Galvez Reymond , Mag-atas Johjen , Jacinto John Patrick , Santos Ramil , Urian Lowel , Salonga Cris
Published: July 2023

This is qualitative research that examines the exposure of educators to manipulative materials using a phenomenological approach. Phenomenology is a qualitative research method for educational research, enabling flexible activities to understand complex phenomena and human social experiences (Alhazmi & Kaufmann, 2022). A total of 12 participants were included in the study: 4 Math teachers, 4 Science teachers, and 4 English teachers. They were selected based on two criteria: (1) they were educators teaching Math, Science, and English; and (2) they are aware of the manipulative materials. The study used semi-structured interviews, conducted in virtual and face-to-face settings, with 30-40 minutes each. The results highlighted ten themes including educators' awareness, perspectives, utilization, challenges, independent learning behavior, learning comprehension, positive attitude, self-identity, and integration.
Azure DevOps The Next Era of Application Lifecycle Management
Authors: Kupale Abhijeet Ashok , Powar P. S.
Published: July 2023

The software development, testing, and deployment process is a series of actions that are carried out in order to achieve a particular result. highly manual process, resulting in a significant number of code errors and bugs. Development and operations (Support) teams can often be out of sync, slowing software delivery and disappointing business stakeholders. DevOps creates efficiency across all tasks involved in software development, deployment, and maintenance. Connecting development with operations leads to increased visibility, more accurate requirements, improved communication, and faster time to Industry. Azure DevOps supports a joint culture and set of multiple steps and processes that bring together the development team, managers, and contributors to build software quickly. It allows the software industry to improve software at a faster pace than they can with traditional software development approaches. Compared with ADO Server, ADO Services offers the following added benefits: • Easy for server management. • Fastest access to greatest features. • Improved faster connectivity for remote users. • A transition from capital expenditures (like servers) to operational expenditures (subscriptions). DevOps is becoming a software industry standard for multiple businesses. According to a report issued by Capgemini, 61% of businesses either adopted DevOps or planned to do so during 2018. Statistics like this demonstrate that DevOps is a necessary part of your business plan if you expect to respond quickly to the market's demands, improve your business’s time-to-market, and keep your software solutions updated regularly. DevOps creates efficiency across all tasks involved in software development, deployment, and maintenance. Connecting development with operations leads to increased visibility, more accurate requirements, improved communication, and faster time to Industry.
Real-Time IoT-Based Air Quality Monitoring and Health Hazards Indicator System for Mines Regions: A Case Study of Bulyanhulu Gold Mine
Authors: Flavian Daudi , Sinde Ramadhani , Kisangiri Michael
Published: July 2023

Air quality in mining regions is a significant concern due to the release of pollutants from mining activities, posing health risks to nearby communities. However, limited information on air quality levels often leads to neglect of this issue. Inhaling pollutants like PM2.5/PM10, CO, CO2, SO2, and NO2 can result in chronic diseases such as respiratory issues, asthma, and cancer. To tackle this problem, a study suggests the implementation of a real-time Internet of Things (IoT)-based air quality monitoring and health hazards indicator system for mining regions. The proposed system utilizes a reliable wireless sensing system, incorporating sensors like MQ7, MQ135, MQ136, MiCS4514, PMS7003, and DHT22, along with ESP8266, STM32, ATmega328 microcontroller, LoRa shields, and the ThingSpeak IoT server. It ensures continuous operation with a self-contained design, including a solar charger shield connected to a photovoltaic solar panel and rechargeable battery. The smart sensing device continuously monitors air quality and uploads real-time data to the cloud through a coordinator node. The collected data is processed to calculate the Air Quality Index (AQI), which is analyzed to generate early warnings and indicate potential health hazards. The results are accessible through a web-based dashboard for easy visualization. This system simplifies monitoring and provides accurate pollutant data. It supports environmental stakeholders by aggregating and analyzing air quality data, generating reports, and facilitating public access to air quality information. Additionally, it helps identify health hazards, enabling informed decision-making, policy formulation, and mitigation strategies.
Phytochemical and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Jatropha multifida L.: A Review
Authors: Nadia Nurizatul , Ifora Ifora , Kardela Widya
Published: July 2023

Inflammation is the body's physiological response to infection and injury. Inflammation maintains tissue homeostasis under various hazardous conditions. This review article aims to provide the latest knowledge about the chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of Jatropha multifida L. Literature is taken from various online journals search sites such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct, which have been published since 2012-2022. Based on 9 articles used, 7 discussed phytochemicals, and 4 discussed anti-inflammatory activity. Jatropha multifida L. contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, phenols, and terpenoids, which have anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the volume of edema and the number of PMN leukocytes. This review shows that Jatropha multifida L. has the potential as a natural anti-inflammatory.
Assessment of Motorcyclists’ Entrepreneurial Skills on Performance of Boda Boda Transport Business in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya
Authors: Tawayi Sirengo Gilbert , Simotwo Dr. Peter
Published: July 2023

This study was focused on the assessment of Motorcyclists’ Entrepreneurial Skills on Performance of Boda boda Transport Business in Kitale Town, Trans Nzoia County, Kenya. The main problem with Boda boda business transport in Trans Nzoia County is the poor standard of living among the riders’ despite being in the business for many years. This study used the FM&C theory that reflects on the Management Accountability Framework (MAF) process that seeks to understand how Entrepreneurial Skills can affect the performances on small businesses like Boda boda business transport. A pilot study was conducted to test the validity and reliability of the research instruments. Research experts, comprising the supervisors, ensured that the content validity was relevant and appropriate for the study. The study used Cronbach’s coefficient alpha to determine the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire. Data that was collected was checked for accuracy, cleaned and coded to facilitate analysis. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics that included frequencies, mean, percent, standard deviation as well as inferential statistics. The data was analysed with the aid of SPSS. The findings were presented using tables and figures. This study concluded that financial management skills, time management skills, communication skills and risk management skills had a positive significant effect on performance of Boda boda business transport. The study therefore, recommended that boda boda operators in the county should make more efforts in carrying out financial management skills strategy, time management skills, communication skills and risk management skills in order to improve on performance of boda boda business transport.
Penyesuaian Diri Terhadap Fenomena Culture Shock Mahasiswa Program Pertukaran Mahasiswa Merdeka
Authors: Mufidah Vika Nurul , Fadilah Nadiah Nurli
Published: July 2023

Fenomena culture shock pada mahasiswa yang mengikuti program pertukaran mahasiswa merdeka menjadi hambatan bagi mereka. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan upaya penyesuaian diri agar dapat beradaptasi dan berkomunikasi secara efektif. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui bentuk culture shock mahasiswa program PMM2 dan bagaimana upaya penyesuaian diri mereka terhadap fenomena culture shock tersebut. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua kategori culture shock yang dialami oleh narasumber. Pertama, karena perbedaan lingkungan yang terdiri dari bahasa, cuaca, makanan serta fasilitas dari pengelola program. Kedua, karena ketidaknyamanan terhadap komunikasi di universitas tempat melaksanakan pertukaran. Upaya adaptasi yang dilakukan yaitu dengan cara meningkatkan interaksi secara intens, mempelajari bahasa dan budaya mereka, memahami karakter mahasiswa dan warga lokal. Hasil komunikasi tersebut tergantung pada kompetensi komunikasi antar budaya dan karakter masing-masing individu.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT IN EMPLOYMEN SOCIAL SECURITY PROVIDERING AGENCY (BPJS KETENAGAKERJAAN)
Authors: Muaziz Muhamad Hasan
Published: July 2023

Program jaminan sosial sebagai amanat dari UUD 1945 menjadi tanggung jawab dasar bagi pemerintah dalam hal memberikan perlindungan sosial kepada masyarakatnya, dengan harapan masyarakat Indonesia mampu meraih kehidupan yang sejahtera. Adapun tujuan yang hendak dicapai oleh pemerintah dengan pembentukan sistem jaminan sosial yaitu untuk memberikan kepastian perlindungan dan kesejahteraan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu yuridis normatif yang menjadikan aturan-aturan hukum sebagai suatu norma. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini yaitu sistem investasi keuangan pada BPJS Ketenagakerjaan berpijak pada Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2011 Tentang Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial yang secara garis besar terdapat tiga sumber investasi pada BPJS Ketenagakerjaan yaitu modal awal dari Pemerintah, yang merupakan kekayaan negara yang dipisahkan dan tidak  terbagi atas saham, hasil pengalihan aset Badan Usaha Milik Negara yang menyelenggarakan program jaminan sosial, hasil pengembangan aset BPJS. Serta hingga saat ini BPJS Ketenagakerjaan juga belum memiliki instrumen hukum yang jelas untuk menjadikan dasar dalam pengambilan kebijakan cut loss terhadap aksi korporasi pada saham, sehingga sejauh ini manajemen BPJS Ketenagakerjaan belum pernah melakukan aksi cut loss.
DINAMIKA PERUBAHAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 1974 TENTANG PERKAWINAN MENGENAI BATAS USIA MINIMAL PERKAWINAN
Authors: Rini Yuliani Catur
Published: July 2023

The decision of the Constitutional Court Number 22/PUU-XV/2017 has an impact on the fulfillment of the basic rights and constitutional rights of citizens, especially in terms of marriage. The logical consequence of the Constitutional Court's decision is that there is a change in the norms of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, which reaches the age limit for marriage. Article 7 of Law no. 1 of 1974 stipulates that the minimum age for marriage for men is 19 years and for women 16 years. The regulation was amended through Law no. 16 of 2019 which stipulates the minimum age for marriage for men and women who will marry is at least 19 years old. Changes in the minimum age for marriage have an impact on dispensation for marriage. The existence of a "marriage dispensation" whose authority is given to religious court judges is a double-edged sword which sometimes becomes a challenge in preventing early marriage
Managing Multicultural Society in Indonesia
Authors: Tirtosudarmo Riwanto
Published: July 2023

This paper attempts to employ several concepts develop in the west to resolve social and political conflict in a multicultural society. The concept of interculturalism recently proposed as an alternative to the concept of multiculturalism and its related policy considered as a failure will be reviewed to get the perspective to view multicultural problems in Jakarta. In the wake of a recent local election, Jakarta has been rocked by a series of demonstration by Islamic groups against Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok) the Jakarta’s mayor, a Chinese-Christian that accused to denigrate Islam in one of his speech. After a heated campaign from both sides, Basuki who run for the second term controversially lost in a small margin to Anis Baswedan, his rival, an Arabic descent and a Muslim. The election was highly contentious as the supporter of Anies aggressively using Islam as the rallying cry to defeat Ahok. The political development that shows the increasing political pressures from the Islamic groups alarmingly polarized the population into sectarian politics and breaking up the previously multi-cultural coexistence. The multi-cultural issues in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, a Muslim majority country, could provide a good case of problem in governing a culturally diverse country, in the non-Western society. What is the hindrance in employing the Western concept, particularly citizenship, given the different historical trajectory for such an urban multicultural society like Jakarta? The paper would like to contribute into the debate on the problem of multicultural society from the experience of a non-Western country.
Globalization and Islamic Indigenization in Southeast Asian Muslim Communities
Authors: Hoesterey James
Published: July 2023

For centuries, what is now commonly referred to in the Cold War-inflected English parlance as “Southeast Asia” has been connected to various regions of the world -- from the transmission of Islam from diverse places in the Middle East, South Asia, and China, to engagements with European colonialism and, more recently, post-independence foreign relations in various regional, multilateral, and global contexts. From the eighth century Muslim traders were traversing the ports of what is now called Southeast Asia, and by the turn of the fourteenth century there is evidence for indigenous Muslim communities.[1] Such economic, cultural, and religious exchange over the centuries has not, despite the warnings of some globalization theorists, led to a homogenization of Southeast Asia, much less a homogenization of Islamic ideas and practices. Rather than coming as a single homogenous and authoritative source, the spread of Islam – and Muslim leaders -- across mainland and island Southeast Asia came from many directions and influences from Mecca and Medina to the Swahili Coast, Yemen, India, the Persian Gulf, Patani networks, and as far as China. Whereas some transmission of Islamic ideas from the Middle East (often led by Southeast Asians, or Jawi, pilgrims, scholars, and travelers who return home) have led to contentious debates and power struggles in particular moments and places, such as the struggle between “old” and “young” movements among Minangkabau in West Sumatra, more recently Southeast Asia – especially Muslim Southeast Asia – has experienced other forms of cultural influence and exchange with East Asian countries like Japan and Korea as well as Western countries from the United States to former European colonial powers.[2] As a nation-state, Indonesia has also begun to come to terms with Chinese Muslims as part of the long histories of Islam and Muslims in the archipelago. Along the way, Southeast Asia’s ethnic communities have retained a sense of cultural, national, and religious identities that are influenced, yet never entirely determined, by outside forces.

 

[1] Feener 2019, “Islam in Southeast Asia to c. 1800,” Oxford Research Encyclopedia. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.40

[2] For Malaysia, see Michael G. Peletz, Sharia Transformations: Cultural Politics and the Rebranding of an Islamic Judiciary (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2020). For the influence of K-Pop, see Ariel Heryanto, Identity and Pleasure: The Politics of Indonesian Screen Culture (Singapore: NUS Press, 2014).
Cyber Muslims
Authors: Khariroh Riri
Published: July 2023

This new book is a study of Islam in the digital world, containing a collection of scientific articles written by 16 scholars about the increasingly interesting and complex phenomena of the global Islamic world. Most of the authors teach at various universities in the United States and Canada (North America), and the editor of this volume is Robert Rosehnal, Professor in the Department of Religion Studies and Founding Director of the Center for Global Islamic Studies at Lehigh University, Pennsylvania, USA.

 

This interdisciplinary volume highlights cutting-edge research with unique perspectives and new insights into the evolving Islamic cyber landscape, presenting case studies from multiple geographic and cultural locations, and multiple languages ​​(Arabic, Persian, Indonesian and Spanish). The main sources of the authors, the analysis and interpretation they use is digital multimedia technology. These “virtual texts” include websites, podcasts, blogs, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, online magazines and discussion forums, and religious apps. Websites and social media platforms are living “texts” that are constantly evolving, shrinking, changing, and even disappearing, leaving no trace. In this sense, this book needs to be seen as a portrait—or, rather, a screenshot—of the complex and deformed cyber world of Islam at some point in its ongoing evolution. This book explores widely the digital expression of various Muslim communities in cyberspace, or iMuslims, related to the world of imams, clerics, and Sufis, feminists and fashionistas, artists and activists, spiritualists and online influencers. Several articles map the diversity and vibrancy of Islamic digital media against the backdrop of broader social trends in particular hot issues affecting Muslims living in Western countries: racism and Islamophobia, gender dynamics, celebrity culture, identity politics, and fashions of piety, and changing religious practices. The case studies presented in this book cover a wide cultural and geographical area, namely Indonesia, Iran, the Arab Middle East, and North America.
Dayah, Tarekat Alawiyah, dan Kontestasi Praktik Agama di Aceh
Authors: Muhammad Wildan Imaduddin
Published: July 2023

Kaifiat Qulhu is a manuscript from Dayah Tanoh Abee, located in Seulimeum Aceh Besar, Aceh. The text explains the prayer wheel (wirid) of Q. 112 for self-salvation, parent-salvation and ancestors that referred to tariqa alawiya, especially to Abd Allah b. Alawi al-Haddad (1634-1720). This text was written by Muhammad Ali (d. 1969), eighth generation of Dayah Tanoh Abee, in 1328/1910. Kaifiat Qulhu, which illustrated the construction of religiousity in Tanoh Abee, outlines the character of diversity in Islamic practices and sufi order in Aceh that can be seen in two domains. Firstly, in how the text contains the critique of tahlil tradition to bless the death people that according to the text, it has no argument in hadith. Secondly, in evidence of transmission (ijazah) of tariqa alawiya beside Shattariya that was more popular in Aceh previously. This research finds that the manuscript is construct two things: first, dialectical discourse of tariqa in Aceh and second, the openness of Aceh’s Ulama to the differences.
Islam Maritim dan Kultur Penjelajah Laut Masyarakat Nusantara
Authors: Hamdani Hamdani , Masudi Idris , Muhtarom A.
Published: July 2023

Studies on Southeast Asian Islam tend to analyze the culture of landed population rather than ocean and littoral-based dwellers. When in fact, the ocean landscape is more extensive and its culture has harbored many dramatic events in the course of human history. Through oceans and their surrounding places of cultural formation, Islam has grown and developed with local cultures in the mutual relation. This study attempts to identify manifestations of Islam among Southeast Asian seafarers Muslim of archipelago in their daily life and historical context. By investigating the experience of Eastern Indonesian seafarers such as the Bugis, Makasar, Mandar, Buton and Bajo people who have interacted with ocean life extensively, this study probes the process of Islamization and identifies the various ideas, practices, meanings and world-views of the Sea People in forging Islam and their culture. Based on the experience of Muslim agents who had a strong maritime ethos and focus on trade and proselytization in playing their social role, Islam and maritime culture have seemingly constituted two good relations to each other. The different reception and negotiation of Islam in maritime culture among Nusantara ethnic groups is interesting to analyze and help to conceptualize ‘Maritime Islam’ which has not been sufficiently studied by scholars to date. By combining secondary sources and field findings, this study explores the world-view of Nusantara Muslims and underscores the fact that Islam is not a single entity, but a plural and diverse phenomena.
Nahdlatul Ulama in Indonesia, a New Era with the "New Gus Dur”
Authors: Nakamura Mitsuo
Published: July 2023

Islam spread throughout the “Nusantara”, one of which was through the missionary work of Wali Songo and other clerics, who accepted, inserted and integrated Islamic teachings with the original pre-existing culture which was then known as “Islam Nusantara” which was characterized by moderation, justice, progress, middle ground and harmony. Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) can be classify as the largest Islamic organization worldwide, with around 121 million members. NU upholds Pancasila and the unity of diversity, namely religious and cultural pluralism. This is the line of indigenization and Indonesianization of Islam that was propagated by Gus Dur. Gus Yahya's new leadership acknowledged as able to absorb Gus Dur's ideology of tolerance, openness, the middle way, gradualism, pluralism, humanity, and the flexible application of Islamic law (fiqh). Gus Yahya was also able to take charge of Abdurrahman's controversial visit to Israel and has toured to promote dialogue between the two sides. Israelis and Palestinians, believe that “reconciliation and coexistence between them” is one of the keys to peace. That is the reason why Gus Yahya is called as the reincarnation of Gus Dur. The new leadership aims to strengthen NU's vitality and independence as an organization. Improving management capabilities and improving the standard of living of the NU support base, namely farmers and fishermen, as well as increasing the micro, small and medium enterprises, trade, and industry. All NU members are expected to act as social reform promoters (agents of change). The composition of the new leadership proofed as fully rich in diversity, including the appointment of women leaders, local activists, young intellectuals, influential Habib (descendants of the Prophet Muhammad), and Chinese Muslims. In particular, the inclusion of 11 women in the central leadership was a milestone for NU.
PENGARUH KEPRIBADIAN, ETIKA, DAN KEDISIPLINAN TERHADAP HASIL KINERJA PENGAJAR SMA
Authors: Purwanti Alifia Agnes
Published: July 2023

The performance of an employee in the organization is certainly inseparable from the personality, abilities and motivation of the employee in carrying out his duties and work, of course, cannot be separated from the motivation that exists within the employee, the motivation of an employee will be seen from the activities he does in carrying out his duties and work. within the organization. Employing employees in outsourcing work bond status is now a strategic consideration for company owners or leaders, be it state-owned companies or privately-owned companies, the decision to hire employees with outsourced or permanent employees is one of the strategic policies for an organization.
Influence Of Internal Factors And External Factors on Going Concern Audit Opinion
Authors: Sohibunajar Sohibunajar , Jazuli Akmal Lutfi , Ersyafdi Ilham Ramadhan
Published: July 2023

Abstract

 

The purpose of this research was to test effect of internal factors among others are disclosure, debt default, company’s financial condition, liquidity, cash flow, company growth, and external factor among others are opinion Shopping, audit client tenure, previous year’s audit opinion, audit lag on going concern audit opinion. The population in this research are all companies listed in the SRI-KEHATI Indeks periods 2009-2019. There were 11 companies were selected as sample base on purposive sampling method. To analyze the data using logistic regression analysis. The result of this research show that audit client tenure have effect on going concern audit opinion. While disclosure, debt default, company’s financial condition, liquidity, cash flow, company growth, opinion shopping, previous year’s, and audit lag have no effect on going concern audit opinion.

Keywords: Internal Factor, External Factor, and Going Concern Audit Opinion
The Influence of Asset Turnover and Company Characteristics on Economic Profitability in Restaurant, Hotel and Tourism Sub-Sector Companies Listed on The BEI
Authors: Fatikasari Ines , Ersyafdi Ilham Ramadhan , Ulfah Fitriah
Published: July 2023

Abstract

 

In the business world, a company must follow economic developments for the sustainability of its business activities. In addition to increasing profits, companies must also increase profitability. One way to assess profitability is economic profitability. Economic profitability is the ability of a company to get the desired profit with the source of capital owned either from foreign capital or own capital. The COVID-19 pandemic that occurred in all countries in the world was able to hit various business fields, such as the restaurant, hotel and tourism sub-sectors. The purpose of this study is to find out what factors can affect the economic profitability of companies in the restaurant, hotel, and tourism sub-sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The population in this study is the restaurant, hotel and tourism sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2012-2019. The sample used is 6 companies that have been selected using purposive sampling method. The analysis technique in this study uses multiple linear regression analysis. The result of the research shows that receivables turnover affects economic profitability. Meanwhile, cash turnover, fixed asset turnover, working capital turnover, company growth, and company size do not affect economic profitability.

 

Keywords: Economic Profitability; Asset Turnover; Company Characteristic.
Application of Enterprise Risk Management to Banking Risk
Authors: Hasan Nida Nadya , Rahmadini Fatiah , Dariyah Dariyah
Published: July 2023

Abstract

 

The implementation of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) proactively determines the appropriate type and level of risk to achieve the organization's strategic objectives and assists management in understanding and managing all company business risks using an integrated structure and coordinated management. Although risks cannot be completely avoided or eliminated, they can be managed and minimized with an integrated risk management system. The purpose of this study is to prove whether the application of ERM can minimize credit risk, interest rate risk, and liquidity risk in banking companies and whether the internal audit function can strengthen the effect of ERM implementation in minimizing the risks faced by banks. The sample of this research is banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2011-2016. The results of this study indicate that the application of ERM for banks is not proven to have an effect in minimizing credit risk, interest rate risk, and liquidity risk. ERM does not manage risk individually but manages risk collectively so that it can identify company activities that contribute the most to the company's total risk and mitigation is carried out, and ERM is a process designed to manage risk so that it is at optimal risk that does not endanger the banking business, and management tends to take risks to optimize the profits to be obtained and companies tend to dare to take risks if the risk is not at a level that endangers the banking business condition. The internal audit function also has no effect in strengthening the relationship between ERM implementation and credit risk, interest rate risk, and liquidity risk.