bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ventricular Repolarization is Associated with Cognitive Function, but Not with Cognitive Decline and Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Measurements in Older Adults
Authors: Zonneveld Michelle H. , Noordam Raymond , van der Grond Jeroen , Sabayan Behnam , Mooijaart Simon P. , Mcfarlane Peter W. , Jukema J. Wouter , Trompet Stella
Published: April 2020

We aimed to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of electrocardiogram (ECG)-based QT, QTc, JT, JTc, and QRS intervals with cognitive function and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements in a cohort of older individuals at increased risk for cardiovascular disease, but free of known arrhythmias. We studied 4627 participants (54% female, mean age 75 years) enrolled in the Prospective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER). Ten-second ECGs were conducted at baseline. Cognitive function was tested at baseline and repeated during a mean follow-up time of 3.2 years. Structural MRIs were conducted in a subgroup of 535 participants. Analyses were performed with multivariable (repeated) linear regression models and adjusted for cardiovascular risk-factors, co-morbidities, and cardiovascular drug use. At baseline, longer QT, JT, JTc—but not QTc and QRS intervals—were associated with a worse cognitive performance. Most notably, on the Stroop Test, participants performed 3.02 (95% CI 0.31; 5.73) seconds worse per standard deviation higher QT interval, independent of cardiovascular risk factors and medication use. There was no association between longer ventricular de- or repolarization and structural brain measurements. Therefore, specifically ventricular repolarization was associated with worse cognitive performance in older individuals at baseline but not during follow-up.
Prevention and Management of the Post-Thrombotic Syndrome
Authors: Makedonov Ilia , Kahn Susan R. , Galanaud Jean-Philippe
Published: April 2020

The post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a form of chronic venous insufficiency secondary to prior deep vein thrombosis (DVT). It affects up to 50% of patients after proximal DVT. There is no effective treatment of established PTS and its management lies in its prevention after DVT. Optimal anticoagulation is key for PTS prevention. Among anticoagulants, low-molecular-weight heparins have anti-inflammatory properties, and have a particularly attractive profile. Elastic compression stockings (ECS) may be helpful for treating acute DVT symptoms but their benefits for PTS prevention are debated. Catheter-directed techniques reduce acute DVT symptoms and might reduce the risk of moderate–severe PTS in the long term in patients with ilio-femoral DVT at low risk of bleeding. Statins may decrease the risk of PTS, but current evidence is lacking. Treatment of PTS is based on the use of ECS and lifestyle measures such as leg elevation, weight loss and exercise. Venoactive medications may be helpful and research is ongoing. Interventional techniques to treat PTS should be reserved for highly selected patients with chronic iliac obstruction or greater saphenous vein reflux, but have not yet been assessed by robust clinical trials.
Associations between the Quality of Life and Nasal Polyp Size in Patients Suffering from Chronic Rhinosinusitis without Nasal Polyps, with Nasal Polyps or Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease
Authors: Schneider Sven , Campion Nicholas J. , Villazala-Merino Sergio , Liu David Tianxiang , Bartosik Tina , Landegger Lukas D. , Ahmadi Navid , Mueller Christian A. , Vyskocil Erich , Stanek Victoria , Quint Tamara , Bangert Christine , Eckl-Dorna Julia
Published: April 2020

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease that substantially impairs the quality of life (QoL). Here, we aimed to assess patients’ QoL in different subtypes of CRS and correlated this with nasal polyp size to improve the clinical understanding of the burden of disease. In this retrospective single-center study, 107 patients with the following diagnoses were analyzed: CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), or aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20 German Adapted Version (SNOT-20 GAV) scores and their correlation with endoscopic Total Polyp Scores (TPS) were evaluated. The mean SNOT-20 GAV scores were highest in patients with AERD (AERD = 43.4, CRSwNP = 36.3, CRSsNP = 30.9). A statistically significant correlation of total SNOT-20 GAV score with TPS was observed in CRSwNP patients (r = 0.3398, p = 0.0195), but not in AERD patients (r = 0.2341, p = 0.1407). When analyzing single SNOT-20 parameters, a strong correlation with TPS was observed for blockage/congestion of the nose, particularly in AERD patients (r = 0.65, p < 0.0001). The impact of nasal polyp size on the QoL differs amongst the subgroups of CRS. Nasal symptoms have the greatest impact on QoL in patients suffering from AERD. CRSwNP and AERD patients should be separately analyzed in clinical investigations and interpretations due to significant differences in QoL.
Salivary Biomarkers and Their Correlation with Pain and Stress in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome
Authors: Lopez-Jornet Pia , Castillo Felipe Candela , Pardo-Marin Luis , Ceron Jose J. , Pons-Fuster Eduardo , Tvarijonaviciute Asta
Published: April 2020

Objective: To evaluate a panel of salivary analytes involving biomarkers of inflammation, stress, immune system and antioxidant status in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and to study their relationship with clinical variables. Materials and Methods: A total of 51 patients with BMS and 31 controls were consecutively enrolled in the study, with the recording of oral habits, the severity of pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) score and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP14) score. Resting whole saliva was collected with the drainage technique, followed by the measurement of 11 biomarkers. Results: The salivary flow was higher in patients with BMS. Among all the biomarkers studied, significantly higher levels of alpha-amylase, immunoglobulin A (IgA), and macrophage inflammatory protein-4 (MIP4) and lower levels of uric acid and ferric reducing activity of plasma (FRAP) were observed in the saliva of patients with BMS as compared to the controls (p < 0.05 in all cases). Positive correlations were found between pain, oral quality of life and anxiety scores and salivary biomarkers. Conclusions: BMS is associated with changes in salivary biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and stress, being related to the degree of pain and anxiety.
Local and Central Evaluation of HER2 Positivity and Clinical Outcome in Advanced Gastric and Gastroesophageal Cancer—Results from the AGMT GASTRIC-5 Registry
Authors: Huemer Florian , Weiss Lukas , Regitnig Peter , Winder Thomas , Hartmann Bernd , Thaler Josef , Piringer Gudrun , Schmitt Clemens A. , Eisterer Wolfgang , Gänzer Hannes , Wüstner Alois , Andel Johannes , Jagdt Björn , Ulmer Hanno , Greil Richard , Wöll Ewald
Published: April 2020

Trastuzumab in combination with a platinum and fluorouracil is the treatment of choice for patients with advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive gastric cancer and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer. Pathological assessment of the HER2 status in gastric/GEJ cancer, however, still remains difficult. However, it is a crucial prerequisite for optimal treatment. The GASTRIC-5 registry was designed as an observational, multi-center research initiative comparing local and central HER2 testing. HER2 status was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in equivocal cases (IHC score 2+) by additional in-situ hybridization. Between May 2011 and August 2018, tumor samples of 183 patients were tested in local and central pathology laboratories, respectively. Central testing revealed HER2 positivity in 38 samples (21%). Discordant HER2 results were found in 12% (22 out of 183) with locally HER2 positive/centrally HER2 negative results (9%, 17 out of 183), exceeding locally HER2 negative/centrally HER2 positive results (3%, 5 out of 183). Centrally confirmed HER2 positive patients receiving trastuzumab-based palliative first-line therapy showed a longer median overall survival compared to centrally HER2 positive patients not receiving trastuzumab (17.7 months (95% CI: 10,870–24,530) vs. 6.9 months (95% CI: 3.980–9.820), p = 0.016). The findings of the GASTRIC-5 registry corroborate the challenge of HER2 testing in gastric/GEJ cancer and highlight the necessity for central quality control to optimize individual treatment options. Centrally HER2 positive patients not receiving trastuzumab had the worst outcome in a Western real-world gastric/GEJ cancer cohort.
Infectious Esophagitis in Romanian Children: From Etiology and Risk Factors to Clinical Characteristics and Endoscopic Features
Authors: Bordea Mădălina Adriana , Pîrvan Alexandru , Gheban Dan , Silaghi Ciprian , Lupan Iulia , Samașca Gabriel , Pepelea Lia , Junie Lia Monica , Costache Carmen
Published: April 2020

Objectives. The aim of this study is to provide information about prevalence, etiology, risk factors, clinical characteristics and endoscopic features of various types of infectious esophagitis in children. Methods. We performed a total of 520 upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopies in Pediatric Clinic II, Emergency Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca. Indications for endoscopy in our cohort were gastrointestinal tract symptoms such as dysphagia, heartburn, or appetite loss. Results. The prevalence of infectious esophagitis in the study population was 2.11% (11 patients). Candida albicans (C. albicans) was the most frequent cause. Our data illustrates that herpes simplex virus (HSV)-induced esophagitis is common in immunocompromised patients and should be systematically suspected in cases of severe dysphagia, heartburn, or hematemesis. In the present study, all cytomegalovirus (CMV) esophagitis patients were immunocompromised. Immunodeficiency (81.8%) and prolonged antibiotic therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics were by far the most important risk factors involved in the pathogenicity of the disease. Dysphagia, appetite loss, heartburn, epigastralgia, and hematemesis were the main clinical manifestations. Infectious esophagitis was associated with significant mortality. In four patients, endoscopy during life showed signs of infectious esophagitis; however, the precise etiology was only established post-mortem, in the pathological anatomy laboratory department. A risk factor involved in pathogenesis of post-mortem diagnosed infectious esophagitis is the DiGeorge syndrome for CMV and HSV patients. Conclusions. The study illustrates that infectious esophagitis should be considered in immunocompromised infants with prolonged antibiotic therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Response of Breast Cancer Cells to PARP Inhibitors Is Independent of BRCA Status
Authors: Keung Man Yee , Wu Yanyuan , Badar Francesca , Vadgama Jaydutt V.
Published: April 2020

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have proven to be beneficial to patients with metastatic breast cancer with BRCA1/2 (BReast CAncer type 1 and type 2 genes) mutations. However, certain PARPi in pre-clinical studies have been shown to inhibit cell growth and promote the death of breast cancer cells lacking mutations in BRCA1/2. Here, we examined the inhibitory potency of 13 different PARPi in 12 breast cancer cell lines with and without BRCA-mutations using cell viability assays. The results showed that 5 of the 8 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines were susceptible to PARPi regardless of the BRCA-status. The estrogen receptor (ER) negative/ human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive (ER-/HER2+) cells, SKBR3 and JIMT1, showed high sensitivity to Talazoparib. Especially JIMT1, which is known to be resistant to trastuzumab, was responsive to Talazoparib at 0.002 µM. Niraparib, Olaparib, and Rucaparib also demonstrated effective inhibitory potency in both advanced TNBC and ER-/HER2+ cells with and without BRCA-mutations. In contrast, a BRCA-mutant TNBC line, HCC1937, was less sensitive to Talazoparib, Niraparib, Rucaparib, and not responsive to Olaparib. Other PARPi such as UPF1069, NU1025, AZD2461, and PJ34HCl also showed potent inhibitory activity in specific breast cancer cells. Our data suggest that the benefit of PARPi therapy in breast cancer is beyond the BRCA-mutations, and equally effective on metastatic TNBC and ER-/HER2+ breast cancers.
Changes in Office Blood Pressure Control, Augmentation Index, and Liver Steatosis in Kidney Transplant Patients after Successful Hepatitis C Infection Treatment with Direct Antiviral Agents
Authors: Kolonko Aureliusz , Musialik Joanna , Chudek Jerzy , Bartmańska Magdalena , Słabiak-Błaż Natalia , Kujawa-Szewieczek Agata , Kuczera Piotr , Kwiecień-Furmańczuk Katarzyna , Więcek Andrzej
Published: April 2020

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) can be successfully treated with direct antiviral agents (DAA). The aim of our study was to analyze different measures of vascular function during and after the DAA treatment. As we have observed the improvement of blood pressure (BP) control in some individuals, we have conducted an analysis of potential explanatory mechanisms behind this finding. Twenty-eight adult KTRs were prospectively evaluated before and 15 months after start of DAA therapy. Attended office BP (OBP), augmentation index (AIx), pulse wave velocity (PWV), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), liver stiffness measurement (LSM), and liver steatosis assessment (controlled attenuation parameter (CAP)) were measured. In half of the patients, improvement of OBP control (decline of systolic BP by at least 20 mmHg or reduction of the number of antihypertensive drugs used) and parallel central aortic pressure parameters, including AIx, was observed. There was a significant decrease in CAP mean values (241 ± 54 vs. 209 ± 30 dB/m, p < 0.05) only in patients with OBP control improvement. Half of our KTRs cohort after successful HCV eradication noted clinically important improvement of both OBP control and central aortic pressure parameters, including AIx. The concomitant decrease of liver steatosis was observed only in the subgroup of patients with improvement of blood pressure control.
The Usefulness of Scintigraphic Studies in the Assessment of Asymptomatic Bowel Disease in Patients with Primary Antibody Diseases
Authors: Milito Cinzia , Cinetto Francesco , Megna Valentina , Spadaro Giuseppe , Quinti Isabella , Liberatore Mauro
Published: April 2020

Enteropathy may be the first presentation of immunodeficiency or it may occur during the course of the disease and in association with malabsorption in patients affected by primary antibody diseases. For these patients, immunoglobulin G (IgG) replacement therapy prevents infectious and non-infectious complications. Nonetheless some patients cannot achieve optimal IgG trough levels, even when treated with high Ig doses in absence of protein-losing syndromes. We investigated seven patients affected by common variable immunodeficiencies (CVIDs) and treated with high Ig doses (600–800 mg/kg/month) showing low IgG trough level. Patients underwent abdominal scintigraphy with human polyclonal immunoglobulin G labeled with 99mTc and with white blood cells labeled by 111 Indium-oxinate to investigate asymptomatic bowel inflammation. A concentration of labeled leukocytes in abdominal segments greater than that observed with human polyclonal immunoglobulin G was evident only in one patient. In five patients a slight concentration of both radiopharmaceuticals was reported, due to mild intestinal inflammatory response. These data might be related to mild increase of capillary permeability in the absence of inflammation leukocyte mediated. This study discloses a new cause of IgG-accelerated catabolism due to inflammatory bowel conditions without diarrhea in CVID patients.
Antiviral, Immunomodulatory and Antiproliferative Activities of Recombinant Soluble IFNAR2 without IFN-ß Mediation
Authors: Hurtado-Guerrero Isaac , Hernáez Bruno , Pinto-Medel María J. , Calonge Esther , Rodriguez-Bada José L. , Urbaneja Patricia , Alonso Ana , Mena-Vázquez Natalia , Aliaga Pablo , Issazadeh-Navikas Shohreh , Pavia José , Leyva Laura , Alcamí José , Alcamí Antonio , Fernández Óscar , Oliver-Martos Begoña
Published: April 2020

Soluble receptors of cytokines are able to modify cytokine activities and therefore the immune system, and some have intrinsic biological activities without mediation from their cytokines. The soluble interferon beta (IFN-ß) receptor is generated through alternative splicing of IFNAR2 and has both agonist and antagonist properties for IFN-ß, but its role is unknown. We previously demonstrated that a recombinant human soluble IFN-ß receptor showed intrinsic therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Here we evaluate the potential biological activities of recombinant sIFNAR2 without the mediation of IFN-ß in human cells. Recombinant sIFNAR2 down-regulated the production of IL-17 and IFN-ɣ and reduced the cell proliferation rate. Moreover, it showed a strong antiviral activity, fully protecting the cell monolayer after being infected by the virus. Specific inhibitors completely abrogated the antiviral activity of IFN-ß, but not that of the recombinant sIFNAR2, and there was no activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Consequently, r-sIFNAR2 exerts immunomodulatory, antiproliferative and antiviral activities without IFN-ß mediation, and could be a promising treatment against viral infections and immune-mediated diseases.
Transforaminal Epidural Balloon Adhesiolysis via a Contralateral Interlaminar Retrograde Foraminal Approach: A Retrospective Analysis and Technical Considerations
Authors: Kim Chan-Sik , Moon Yeon-Jin , Kim Jae Won , Hyun Dong-Min , Son Shill Lee , Shin Jin-Woo , Kim Doo-Hwan , Choi Seong-Soo , Karm Myong-Hwan
Published: April 2020

Several treatment modalities have been proposed for foraminal stenosis, but the treatment options remain unsatisfactory. Previous studies have shown that transforaminal balloon adhesiolysis may be effective in patients with refractory lumbar foraminal stenosis. However, in patients with a high iliac crest, balloon catheter insertion may be difficult via a conventional transforaminal approach (particularly targeting the L5–S1 foramen). It has been reported that an epidural catheter can be placed easily by a contralateral interlaminar retrograde foraminal approach. Therefore, we applied this approach to L5–S1 transforaminal balloon adhesiolysis in patients with a high iliac crest. We retrospectively analyzed data from 22 patients who underwent combined epidural adhesiolysis and balloon decompression (balloon adhesiolysis) using the novel foraminal balloon catheter via a contralateral interlaminar retrograde foraminal approach. The pain intensity significantly decreased over the three-month period after balloon adhesiolysis (p < 0.001). There were no complications associated with the balloon procedure. The present study suggests that balloon adhesiolysis for L5-S1 foramen via a contralateral interlaminar retrograde foraminal approach may be an effective alternative for patients with a high iliac crest and refractory lumbar radicular pain due to lumbar foraminal stenosis. In addition, detailed procedural aspects are described here.
Synthetic Ruthenium Complex TQ-6 Potently Recovers Cerebral Ischemic Stroke: Attenuation of Microglia and Platelet Activation
Authors: Hsia Chih-Hsuan , Jayakumar Thanasekaran , Sheu Joen-Rong , Hsia Chih-Wei , Huang Wei-Chieh , Velusamy Marappan , Lien Li-Ming
Published: April 2020

Activated microglia are crucial in the regulation of neuronal homeostasis and neuroinflammation. They also contribute to neuropathological processes after ischemic stroke. Thus, finding new approaches for reducing neuroinflammation has gained considerable attention. The metal ruthenium has gained notable attention because of its ability to form new complexes that can be used in disease treatment. [Ru(η6-cymene)2-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-quinoline Cl]BF4 (TQ-6), a potent ruthenium (II)-derived compound, was used in this study to investigate its neuroprotective action against microglia activation, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced embolic stroke, and platelet activation, respectively. TQ-6 (2 μM) potently diminished inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)) expression, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and hydroxyl radical (OH•) formation in LPS-stimulated microglia. Conversely, TQ-6 increased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Moreover, it significantly reduced brain infarct volume and edema in MCAO mice. Additionally, it drastically inhibited platelet aggregation and OH• production in mice platelets. This study confirmed that TQ-6 exerts an anti-neuroinflammatory effect on microglia activation through neuroprotection, antiplatelet activation, and free radical scavenging. The authors propose that TQ-6 might mitigate neurodegenerative pathology by inhibiting the NF-κB-mediated downstream pathway (iNOS and COX-2) and enhancing Nrf2/HO-1 signaling molecules in microglia.
Axonopathy and Reduction of Membrane Resistance: Key Features in a New Murine Model of Human GM1-Gangliosidosis
Authors: Eikelberg Deborah , Lehmbecker Annika , Brogden Graham , Tongtako Witchaya , Hahn Kerstin , Habierski Andre , Hennermann Julia B. , Naim Hassan Y. , Felmy Felix , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Gerhauser Ingo
Published: April 2020

GM1-gangliosidosis is caused by a reduced activity of β-galactosidase (Glb1), resulting in intralysosomal accumulations of GM1. The aim of this study was to reveal the pathogenic mechanisms of GM1-gangliosidosis in a new Glb1 knockout mouse model. Glb1−/− mice were analyzed clinically, histologically, immunohistochemically, electrophysiologically and biochemically. Morphological lesions in the central nervous system were already observed in two-month-old mice, whereas functional deficits, including ataxia and tremor, did not start before 3.5-months of age. This was most likely due to a reduced membrane resistance as a compensatory mechanism. Swollen neurons exhibited intralysosomal storage of lipids extending into axons and amyloid precursor protein positive spheroids. Additionally, axons showed a higher kinesin and lower dynein immunoreactivity compared to wildtype controls. Glb1−/− mice also demonstrated loss of phosphorylated neurofilament positive axons and a mild increase in non-phosphorylated neurofilament positive axons. Moreover, marked astrogliosis and microgliosis were found, but no demyelination. In addition to the main storage material GM1, GA1, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine were elevated in the brain. In summary, the current Glb1−/− mice exhibit a so far undescribed axonopathy and a reduced membrane resistance to compensate the functional effects of structural changes. They can be used for detailed examinations of axon–glial interactions and therapy trials of lysosomal storage diseases.
Feasibility, Safety and Effects of a One-Week, Ski-Based Exercise Intervention in Brain Tumor Patients and Their Relatives: A Pilot Study
Authors: Troschel Fabian M. , Ramroth Christian , Lemcke Lars , Clasing Jens , Troschel Amelie S. , Dugas Martin , Stummer Walter , Wiewrodt Rainer , Brandt Ralf , Wiewrodt Dorothee
Published: April 2020

A brain tumor diagnosis poses a significant psychological burden and it severely impacts quality of life (QOL), both in patients and relatives. However, comprehensive strategies addressing QOL in this setting remain rare. Here, we aim to share our findings of a one-week ski exercise intervention, with emphasis on feasibility, safety, QOL, and physical exercise. The intervention consisted of week-long daily ski sessions with professional ski guides as well as dedicated physicians present. The participants were handed questionnaires, including distress and QOL items before, during, and after the intervention. Using fitness watches, exercise intensity was also tracked at these timepoints. During the intervention, patients were checked for adverse events daily. Fifteen participants, nine patients after multidisciplinary treatment, and six relatives were included in the study. Additionally, 13 children participated in the exercise, but not in the study. All of the participants completed the entire program. No severe adverse events were documented during daily checks. There was a strong increase in quantified activity and QOL with a corresponding decrease in distress during the intervention, and, partly, afterwards. This prospective brain tumor rehabilitation study demonstrates the feasibility and safety of challenging ski exercise in brain tumor patients. The findings also underline the exercise-mediated QOL benefits, emphasizing the need for more comprehensive brain tumor rehabilitation programs.
Explorative Imaging and Its Implementation at the FleX-ray Laboratory
Authors: Coban Sophia Bethany , Lucka Felix , Palenstijn Willem Jan , Van Loo Denis , Batenburg Kees Joost
Published: April 2020

In tomographic imaging, the traditional process consists of an expert and an operator collecting data, the expert working on the reconstructed slices and drawing conclusions. The quality of reconstructions depends heavily on the quality of the collected data, except that, in the traditional process of imaging, the expert has very little influence over the acquisition parameters, experimental plan or the collected data. It is often the case that the expert has to draw limited conclusions from the reconstructions, or adapt a research question to data available. This method of imaging is static and sequential, and limits the potential of tomography as a research tool. In this paper, we propose a more dynamic process of imaging where experiments are tailored around a sample or the research question; intermediate reconstructions and analysis are available almost instantaneously, and expert has input at any stage of the process (including during acquisition) to improve acquisition or image reconstruction. Through various applications of 2D, 3D and dynamic 3D imaging at the FleX-ray Laboratory, we present the unexpected journey of exploration a research question undergoes, and the surprising benefits it yields.
Exposure to Decreased pH and Caffeine Affects Hemocyte Parameters in the Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis
Authors: Munari Marco , Matozzo Valerio , Benetello Giuditta , Riedl Verena , Pastore Paolo , Badocco Denis , Marin Maria Gabriella
Published: April 2020

Combined effects of reduced pH, as predicted under climate change scenarios, and the most popular and widely used stimulant caffeine were assessed in hemocyte parameters of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, being hemocytes involved in immune defense. Bivalves were exposed for one week to natural pH (8.1) and two reduced pH values (pH −0.4 units and pH −0.7 units). Exposure continued for additional two weeks, both in the absence and in the presence of environmentally relevant concentrations of caffeine (0.05 and 0.5 µg/L). Hemocyte parameters (total hemocyte count, hemocyte volume and diameter, neutral red uptake and hemocyte proliferation) were measured after 7 days of exposure to pH only, and after 14 (T1) and 21 (T2) days of exposure to the various pH*caffeine combinations. At all sampling times, pH significantly affected all the biological variables considered, whereas caffeine exhibited a significant influence at T2 only. Among the various hemocyte parameters, caffeine caused a significant increase in total hemocyte count at T2, and in hemocyte volume and diameter at both T1 and T2, when a significant interaction between pH and caffeine was also found. Overall, results demonstrated that hemocyte functionality was strongly influenced by the experimental conditions tested. Further studies are needed to assess combined effects of climate changes and emerging contaminants on bivalve immune system when challenged with environmental pathogens.
Mineral Composition of Subcritical Water Extracts of Saccorhiza Polyschides, a Brown Seaweed Used as Fertilizer in the North of Portugal
Authors: Soares Cristina , Švarc-Gajić Jaroslava , Oliva-Teles Maria Teresa , Pinto Edgar , Nastić Nataša , Savić Saša , Almeida Agostinho , Delerue-Matos Cristina
Published: April 2020

The present work aimed at studying Saccorhiza polyschides extracts obtained by subcritical water extraction as a potential source of essential macro and trace elements, aiming for its potential application as a biofertilizer. The mineral composition, as well as sulfate, chlorine and iodine, total organic matter, and total nitrogen content, were determined on the extracts obtained from seaweeds harvested during low tide at the northern Portuguese coast. The selected parameters are important for a biofertilizer. Among the macronutrients, the most abundant was K (15.7 ± 0.2 g/L), followed by Na (5.46 ± 0.11 g/L), S (1.52 ± 0.06 g/L), Ca (1.09 ± 0.11 g/L), and Mg (1.02 ± 0.08 g/L). Several important micronutrients (Zn, B, Cl, P, Mo, V, Se, and I) have also been found in the extracts. The total organic matter was 34.1 ± 0.3 g/L. The extracts present low levels of toxic compounds such as Ni, Cd, and Pb. Considering the composition of the obtained extracts, these can find application in the development of fertilization products. The composition of subcritical water extracts of S. polyschides suggests that they may have important characteristics as a biofertilizer and can be an option in biofortification experiments with essential nutrients. The method can be easily scaled up which makes it attractive for agricultural applications.
Magnetite Synthesis in the Presence of Cyanide or Thiocyanate under Prebiotic Chemistry Conditions
Authors: Samulewski Rafael Block , Gonçalves Josué Martins , Urbano Alexandre , da Costa Antônio Carlos Saraiva , Ivashita Flávio F. , Paesano Andrea , Zaia Dimas Augusto Morozin
Published: April 2020

Magnetite is an iron oxide mineral component of primitive Earth. It is naturally synthesized in different ways, such as magma cooling as well as olivine decomposition under hydrothermal conditions. It is probable magnetite played a significant role in biogenesis. The seawater used in the current work contained high Mg2+, Ca2+ and SO42− concentrations, unlike the seawater of today that has high Na+ and Cl− concentrations. It is likely that this seawater better resembled the ion composition of the seas of the Earth from 4 billion years ago. Cyanide and thiocyanate were common molecules in prebiotic Earth, and especially in primitive oceans, where they could act on the magnetite mechanism synthesis via Fe2+ interaction. In this research, magnetite samples that were synthesized under prebiotic conditions in the presence of cyanide or thiocyanate, (both with and without artificial seawater), showed that, besides magnetite, goethite and ferrihydrite can be produced through different Fe2+-ion interactions. Cyanide apparently acts as a protective agent for magnetite production; however, thiocyanate and seawater 4.0 Gy ions produced goethite and ferrihydrite at different ratios. These results validate that Fe3+ oxides/hydroxides were possibly present in primitive Earth, even under anoxic conditions or in the absence of UV radiation. In addition, the results show that the composition of water in early oceans should not be neglected in prebiotic chemistry experiments, since this composition directly influences mineral formation.
High Temperature Behavior of RuAl Thin Films on Piezoelectric CTGS and LGS Substrates
Authors: Seifert Marietta
Published: April 2020

This paper reports on a significant further improvement of the high temperature stability of RuAl thin films (110 nm) on the piezoelectric Ca 3 TaGa 3 Si 2 O 14 (CTGS) and La 3 Ga 5 SiO 14 (LGS) substrates. RuAl thin films with AlN or SiO 2 cover layers and barriers to the substrate (each 20 nm), as well as a combination of both were prepared on thermally oxidized Si substrates, which serve as a reference for fundamental studies, and the piezoelectric CTGS, as well as LGS substrates. In some films, additional Al layers were added. To study their high temperature stability, the samples were annealed in air and in high vacuum up to 900 °C, and subsequently their cross-sections, phase formation, film chemistry, and electrical resistivity were analyzed. It was shown that on thermally oxidized Si substrates, all films were stable after annealing in air up to 800 °C and in high vacuum up to 900 °C. The high temperature stability of RuAl thin films on CTGS substrates was improved up to 900 °C in high vacuum by the application of a combined AlN/SiO 2 barrier layer and up to 800 °C in air using a SiO 2 barrier. On LGS, the films were only stable up to 600 °C in air; however, a single SiO 2 barrier layer was sufficient to prevent oxidation during annealing at 900 °C in high vacuum.
Spark Plasma Sintered B4C—Structural, Thermal, Electrical and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Kuliiev Ruslan , Orlovskaya Nina , Hyer Holden , Sohn Yongho , Lugovy Mykola , Ha DongGi , Radovic Miladin , Castle Elinor G. , Reece Michael John , Vallachira Warriam Sasikumar Pradeep , Conti Laura , Graule Thomas , Kuebler Jakob , Blugan Gurdial
Published: April 2020

The structural, thermal, electrical and mechanical properties of fully dense B4C ceramics, sintered using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS), were studied and compared to the properties of B4C ceramics previously published in the literature. New results on B4C’s mechanical responses were obtained by nanoindentation and ring-on-ring biaxial strength testing. The findings contribute to a more complete knowledge of the properties of B4C ceramics, an important material in many industrial applications.
Detailed Molecular and Structural Analysis of Dual Emitter IrQ(ppy)2 Complex
Authors: Ciobotaru Iulia Corina , Crisan Daniel Nicolae , Šket Primoz , Ciobotaru Constantin Claudiu , Polosan Silviu
Published: April 2020

The molecular structure of the 8-hydroxyquinoline–bis (2-phenylpyridyl) iridium (IrQ(ppy)2) dual emitter organometallic compound is determined based on detailed 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), to identify metal-ligands coordination, isomerization and chemical yield of the desired compound. Meanwhile, the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) was used to determine the interatomic distances around the iridium ion. From the NMR results, this compound IrQ(ppy)2 exhibits a trans isomerization with a distribution of coordinated N-atoms in a similar way to facial Ir(ppy)3. The EXAFS measurements confirm the structural model of the IrQ(ppy)2 compound where the oxygen atoms from the quinoline ligands induce the splitting of the next-nearest neighboring C in the second shell of the Ir3+ ions. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), as a part of the detailed molecular analysis, confirms the purity of the desired IrQ(ppy)2 organometallic compound as being more than 95%, together with the progress of the chemical reactions towards the final compound. The theoretical model of the IrQ(ppy)2, concerning the expected bond lengths, is compared with the structural model from the EXAFS and XRD measurements.
Bioactive Properties of Nanofibres Based on Concentrated Collagen Hydrolysate Loaded with Thyme and Oregano Essential Oils
Authors: Berechet Mariana Daniela , Gaidau Carmen , Miletic Aleksandra , Pilic Branka , Râpă Maria , Stanca Maria , Ditu Lia-Mara , Constantinescu Rodica , Lazea-Stoyanova Andrada
Published: April 2020

This research aimed to obtain biocompatible and antimicrobial nanofibres based on concentrated collagen hydrolysate loaded with thyme or oregano essential oils as a natural alternative to synthesis products. The essential oils were successfully incorporated using electrospinning process into collagen resulting nanofibres with diameter from 471 nm to 580 nm and porous structure. The presence of essential oils in collagen nanofibre mats was confirmed by Attenuated Total Reflectance -Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS) and antimicrobial activity. Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy analyses allowed evaluating the morphology and constituent elements of the nanofibre networks. Microbiological tests performed against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans showed that the presence of essential oils supplemented the new collagen nanofibres with antimicrobial properties. The biocompatibility of collagen and collagen with essential oils was assessed by in vitro cultivation with NCTC clone 929 of fibroblastic cells and cell viability measurement. The results showed that the collagen and thyme or oregano oil composites have no cytotoxicity up to concentrations of 1000 μg·mL−1 and 500 μg mL−1, respectively. Optimization of electrospinning parameters has led to the obtaining of new collagen electrospun nanofibre mats loaded with essential oils with potential use for wound dressings, tissue engineering or protective clothing.
Effects of UV Stabilizers on Polypropylene Outdoors
Authors: Brostow Witold , Lu Xinyao , Gencel Osman , Osmanson Allison T.
Published: April 2020

Hindered amine light stabilizers (HALSs) and nano ZnO were used to stabilize polypropylene (PP) film-based formulations that were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light for different lengths of time, simulating the harsh outdoor weather of Dallas, Texas, USA. UV doses applied in our laboratory are 121 times larger than the UV dose provided by the sunlight in Texas. 15 different compositions were studied. Tensile behavior, UV transmittance, thermal stability (by thermogravimetric analysis) and dynamic friction of the so exposed PP-based films were determined. Scanning electron micrographs of fracture surfaces were obtained. Nano-ZnO-containing stabilizers impart strong UV resistance to our films. The combination of HALSs and nano-ZnO stabilizers makes the PP films harder—which is important for some PP applications, such as toy manufacturing.
Composite Hemostatic Nonwoven Textiles Based on Hyaluronic Acid, Cellulose, and Etamsylate
Authors: Suchý Pavel , Paprskářová Alice , Chalupová Marta , Marholdová Lucie , Nešporová Kristina , Klusáková Jarmila , Kuzmínová Gabriela , Hendrych Michal , Velebný Vladimír
Published: April 2020

The achievement of rapid hemostasis represents a long-term trend in hemostatic research. Specifically, composite materials are now the focus of attention, based on the given issues and required properties. In urology, different materials are used to achieve fast and effective hemostasis. Additionally, it is desirable to exert a positive influence on local tissue reaction. In this study, three nonwoven textiles prepared by a wet spinning method and based on a combination of hyaluronic acid with either oxidized cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose, along with the addition of etamsylate, were introduced and assessed in vivo using the rat partial nephrectomy model. A significantly shorter time to hemostasis in seconds (p < 0.05), was attributed to the effect of the carboxymethyl cellulose material. The addition of etamsylate did not noticeably contribute to further hemostasis, but its application strengthened the structure and therefore significantly improved the effect on local changes, while also facilitating any manipulation by the surgeons. Specifically, the hyaluronic acid supported the tissue healing and regeneration, and ensured the favorable results of the histological analysis. Moreover, the prepared textiles proved their bioresorbability after a three-day period. In brief, the fabrics yielded favorable hemostatic activity, bioresorbability, non-irritability, and had a beneficial effect on the tissue repair.
Finite Element Modeling of the Dynamic Properties of Composite Steel–Polymer Concrete Beams
Authors: Dunaj Paweł , Berczyński Stefan , Chodźko Marcin , Niesterowicz Beata
Published: April 2020

This paper presents a method for modeling the dynamic properties of steel–polymer concrete beams, the basic structural components of machine tools, assembly lines, vibratory machines, and other structures subjected to time-varying loads during operation. The presented method of modeling steel–polymer concrete beams was developed using the finite element method. Three models of beams differing in cross-sectional dimensions showed high agreement with experimental data: relative error in the case of natural frequencies did not exceed 5% (2.2% on average), the models were characterized by the full agreement of mode shapes and high agreement of frequency response functions with the results of experimental tests. Additionally, the developed beam models supported the reliable description of complex structures, as demonstrated on a spatial frame, obtaining a relative error for natural frequencies of less than 3% (on average 1.7%). Full agreement with the mode shapes and high agreement with the frequency response functions were achieved in the analyzed frequency range.
Direct Ink Writing Glass: A Preliminary Step for Optical Application
Authors: Nan Bo , Gołębiewski Przemysław , Buczyński Ryszard , Galindo-Rosales Francisco J. , Ferreira José M. F.
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we present a preliminary study and conceptual idea concerning 3D printing water-sensitive glass, using a borosilicate glass with high alkali and alkaline oxide contents as an example in direct ink writing. The investigated material was prepared in the form of a glass frit, which was further ground in order to obtain a fine powder of desired particle size distribution. In a following step, inks were prepared by mixing the fine glass powder with Pluoronic F-127 hydrogel. The acquired pastes were rheologically characterized and printed using a Robocasting device. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments were performed for base materials and the obtained green bodies. After sintering, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were carried out in order to examine microstructure and the eventual presence of crystalline phase inclusions. The results confirmed that the as obtained inks exhibit stable rheological properties despite the propensity of glass to undergo hydrolysis and could be adjusted to desirable values for 3D printing. No additional phase was observed, supporting the suitability of the designed technology for the production of water sensitive glass inks. SEM micrographs of the sintered samples revealed the presence of closed porosity, which may be the main reason of light scattering.
A Microstructure Insight of MTA Repair HP of Rapid Setting Capacity and Bioactive Response
Authors: Jiménez-Sánchez María Carmen , Segura-Egea Juan José , Díaz-Cuenca Aránzazu
Published: April 2020

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is considered a bioactive endodontic material, which promotes natural mineralization at the material-tooth tissue interface. MTA Repair HP stands out because of the short setting time and the quick and effective bioactive response in vitro. The bioactivity, depens on material composition and microstructure. This work is devoted to analyze MTA Repair HP microstructural features, of both the powder precursor and set material, to get insights into the material physicochemical parameters—functionality performance relationships. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses were performed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were carried out at different times to investigate setting process. Bioactivity evaluation in vitro was carried out by soaking the processed cement disk in simulated body fluid (SBF). The presented results point out those MTA Repair HP precursor material characteristics of tricalcium silicate particles of nanometric size and high aspect ratio, which provide an elevated surface area and maximized components dispersion of calcium silicate and very reactive calcium aluminate. The MTA Repair HP precursor powder nanostructure and formulation, allows a hydration process comprising silicate hydrate structures, which are very effective to achieve both fast setting and efficient bioactive response.
Characterization of Chemically Activated Carbons Prepared from Miscanthus and Switchgrass Biomass
Authors: Doczekalska Beata , Bartkowiak Monika , Waliszewska Bogusława , Orszulak Grażyna , Cerazy-Waliszewska Joanna , Pniewski Tomasz
Published: April 2020

Lignocellulosic biomass, including that of energy crops, can be an alternative source to produce activated carbons (ACs). Miscanthus and switchgrass straw were used to produce ACs in a two-step process. Crushed plant material was carbonized at 600 °C and then obtained carbon was activated using NaOH or KOH at 750 °C. The content of surface oxygen groups was determined using Boehm’s method. The porosity of ACs was assayed using the nitrogen adsorption/desorption technique, while their thermal resistance using the thermogravimetric method. The ACs derived from miscanthus and switchgrass were characterized by surfaces rich in chemical groups and a highly developed porous structure. The highest specific surface areas, over 1600 m2/g, were obtained after carbon treatment with NaOH. High values of iodine number, 1200–1240 mg/g, indicate an extensive system of micropores and their good adsorption properties. The type of activator affected the contents of oxygen functional groups and some porosity parameters as well as thermal stability ranges of the ACs. Among obtained carbons, the highest quality was found for these derived from M. sacchariflorus followed by switchgrass, after activation with NaOH. Hence, while these crop species are not as effective biomass sources as other energy grasses, they can become valuable feedstocks for ACs.
Mitigating Safety Concerns and Profit/Production Losses for Chemical Process Control Systems under Cyberattacks via Design/Control Methods
Authors: Durand Helen , Wegener Matthew
Published: April 2020

One of the challenges for chemical processes today, from a safety and profit standpoint, is the potential that cyberattacks could be performed on components of process control systems. Safety issues could be catastrophic; however, because the nonlinear systems definition of a cyberattack has similarities to a nonlinear systems definition of faults, many processes have already been instrumented to handle various problematic input conditions. Also challenging is the question of how to design a system that is resilient to attacks attempting to impact the production volumes or profits of a company. In this work, we explore a process/equipment design framework for handling safety issues in the presence of cyberattacks (in the spirit of traditional HAZOP thinking), and present a method for bounding the profit/production loss which might be experienced by a plant under a cyberattack through the use of a sufficiently conservative operating strategy combined with the assumption that an attack detection method with characterizable time to detection is available.
Certain Hadamard Proportional Fractional Integral Inequalities
Authors: Rahman Gauhar , Sooppy Nisar Kottakkaran , Abdeljawad Thabet
Published: April 2020

In this present paper we study the non-local Hadmard proportional integrals recently proposed by Rahman et al. (Advances in Difference Equations, (2019) 2019:454) which containing exponential functions in their kernels. Then we establish certain new weighted fractional integral inequalities involving a family of n ( n ∈ N ) positive functions by utilizing Hadamard proportional fractional integral operator. The inequalities presented in this paper are more general than the inequalities existing in the literature.