bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive modelling of wetland occurrence in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Hiestermann Jens , Rivers-Moore Nick
Published: July 2015

The global trend of transformation and loss of wetlands through conversion to other land uses has deleterious effects on surrounding ecosystems, and there is a resultant increasing need for the conservation and preservation of wetlands. Improved mapping of wetland locations is critical to achieving objective regional conservation goals, which depends on accurate spatial knowledge. Current approaches to mapping wetlands through the classification of satellite imagery typically under-represents actual wetland area; the importance of ancillary data in improving accuracy in mapping wetlands is therefore recognised. In this study, we compared two approaches – Bayesian networks and logistic regression – to predict the likelihood of wetland occurrence in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Both approaches were developed using the same data set of environmental surrogate predictors. We compared and verified model outputs using an independent test data set, with analyses including receiver operating characteristic curves and area under the curve (AUC). Both models performed similarly (AUC>0.84), indicating the suitability of a likelihood approach for ancillary data for wetland mapping. Results indicated that high wetland probability areas in the final model outputs correlated well with known wetland systems and wetland-rich areas in KwaZulu-Natal. We conclude that predictive models have the potential to improve the accuracy of wetland mapping in South Africa by serving as valuable ancillary data.
Congruencia programática entre partidos y votantes en Chile
Authors: Morales Quiroga Mauricio
Published: July 2015

El sistema de partidos chileno suele ser clasificado como uno de los más programáticos de América Latina. Se asume que existe una alta congruencia entre partidos y votantes.Sin embargo, el partido más incongruente con la ciudadanía es el que hoy tiene la bancada de diputados más grande. En consecuencia, Chile es un caso útil para discutir dosafirmaciones centrales de la literatura. Primero, que los sistemas de partidos institucionalizados se caracterizan por una fuerte estructuración programática de las preferenciasy segundo, que la proximidad programática entre partidos y electores es condición necesaria para el éxito electoral. El análisis de datos está hecho sobre la base de dos estudiosde opinión aplicados al total de diputados y senadores en ejercicio en 2010 y 2011-2012 y de dos encuestas nacionales de ciudadanos en idénticos años.
La coalición de la Alianza en Argentina (1999-2001): un caso entre bloques
Authors: Silva Abelenda Beatriz María
Published: July 2015

El artículo estudia la cohesión del bloque parlamentario de la Alianza en la Cámara Baja, a partir de la perspectiva del copatrocinio aplicada al primer caso de coalición formal, desde el retorno a la democracia en 1983. El trabajo analiza la performance legislativa del grupo parlamentario en función de las características constitutivas de los integrantes del bloque (composición federal, género y antecedentes parlamentarios), los espacios ocupados en el sistema de comisiones y su condición oficialista, para explorar las motivaciones que permitieron el copatrocinio logrado y las características que tuvo la práctica cooperante en una coalición de gobierno. En relación con el distrito y el partido como variables explicativas señaladas para el caso argentino, este trabajo identifica la experiencia de los titulares de las bancas, la distribución del bloque dentro de la Cámara y el curso político en los años 2000 y 2001 como fundamento del curso de la cooperación dentro del oficialismo. Abstract This paper studies the cohesion of the Alliance parliamentary bloc in the House, from the perspective of co-sponsorship applied to the first case of formal coalition since the return to democracy in 1983. The paper analyzes the performance of the ruling bloc according to the constitutive characteristics such as federal composition, gender and background parliamentarians, the space occupied in the Commission System and its status as the ruling bloc to explore the motivations and their characteristics in a coalition government. The district and the party identified as explanatory variables for the Argentine case, this paper highlights the experience of members, the distribution of the bloc in the House and the political course during 2000 and 2001 as the foundation of the course of cooperation within the ruling bloc.
Alternativas para la comprensión de la pobreza: hogares y capital social en México
Authors: Portales Luis , Gabarrot Mariana
Published: July 2015

En décadas recientes, el capital social se ha visualizado como un elemento clave para el desarrollo tanto en discursos académicos como en programas de política social. Sin embargo, la operacionalización del concepto varía de un lugar a otro, lo que genera debates acerca de sus posibles aportaciones tanto teóricas como empíricas. El presente trabajo argumenta que una definición contextual del capital social contribuye a la construcción de una idea más sofisticada del combate a la pobreza, lo que refuerza el cuestionamiento a los enfoques tradicionales de otras investigaciones en profundidad a miembros de hogares que fueron definidos como representativos de distintos niveles de pobreza con base en una encuesta previa. Abstract In recent decades, social capital has been a key element within academic discourses and social policy programs. However, the operationalization of the concept varies from one place to another, thus generating debates regarding its likely contributions —both theoretical and empirical—. The paper argues that a contextual definition of the term contributes to the construction of a more sophisticated idea regarding poverty alleviation, supporting other academic work, which questions traditional approaches. The latter is shown through the results of ethnographic fieldwork in Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, which included in depth interviews to household members defined as representatives of different poverty levels by a previous survey.
Desarrollo de la metodología en ciencias sociales en América Latina: posiciones teóricas y proyectos de sociedad
Authors: Cortés Fernando
Published: July 2015

La  metodología de las ciencias sociales suele conceptuarse como un campo disciplinario provisto de su propia lógica interna. En este ensayo se muestra que a pesar de ello, al examinar las disputas metodológicas que han tenido lugar en América Latina en los últimos sesenta años (así como las teóricas), se observa que han sido influidas por las luchas políticas por imponer proyectos de sociedad alternativos. Política, teoría y metodología han estado fuertemente imbricadas. Se plantea que hasta fines de los sesenta la metodología era equivalente a técnicas de encuesta. En los setenta y parte de los ochenta se redefinió por la preocupación de comprender el cambio estructural desde una epistemología con fuerte acento marxista. A raíz de las crisis de los ochenta y las consecuentes restricciones presupuestarias sobre la investigación académica se ha observado una tendencia a limitar la metodología a un conjunto de herramientas y técnicas de investigación, y a discutir conceptos desprendidos de sus cuerpos teóricos, ocultando así la diversidad de enfoques y propuestas políticas. Abstract The methodology of the social sciences is often conceptualized as a disciplinary field equipped with its own internal logic. This article shows that in spite of this, when examining methodologicaldisputes (and theoretical as well) that have taken place in Latin America in the last sixty years shows that have been influenced by political struggles to impose alternative social projects. Politics, theory and methodology have been closely intertwined. It is argued that until the late sixties methodology was equivalent to survey techniques. In the seventies and part of the eightiesthere was a concern to understand the structural change with a strong Marxist epistemology accent. Following the crisis of the eighties and the consequent budgetary restrictions on academicresearch there has been a tendency to limit the methodology to a set of research tools and techniques, and discuss concepts detached form their theoretical bodies, hiding the diversity of approaches and policy proposals.
Sorption of rare-earth erbium from aqueous solution onto sol-gel-derived zirconia
Authors: Salem Nafisa , Yakout Sobhy
Published: July 2015

Zirconia powder was synthesized via sol gel method and used for erbium
sorption. The adsorption is strongly dependent on pH of the medium where the
removal efficiency increases as the pH turns to alkaline range. The process
was very fast initially and maximum adsorption was attained within 60 min of
contact. Pseudo-second-order model and homogeneous particle diffusion model
(HPDM) was found to be the best to correlate the diffusion of erbium into
zirconia particles. Adsorption thermodynamic parameters were calculated.
Erbium adsorption is an endothermic (?H > 0) and good affinity of erbium ions
towards the zirconia (?S > 0).
Computer Aided Design & Erection of Long Suspension Bridges
Authors: Janjic Dorian , Bokan Heinz , Stampler Johann
Published: July 2015

Wherever built, suspension bridges attract public attention due to their size and conspicuousness. However, the long spans combined with extraordinary slenderness yield outstanding challenges.

First of all, in any case the slenderness and kinematical conditions of these structures bring about large displacements due to the permanent loads. Therefore, the shape of the bridge is a non-linear function of the loading, deviating to a great extent from the hypothetical stress-less shape. The form finding process is a complicated iterative process if done in the conventional way. As an alternative, the Additional Constraint Method has been provided in the program RM2006 in order to find and optimize the shape of the suspension cables and the hangers.

A further great challenge is the simulation of the erection process. Further on, un-symmetric loading due to traffic causes large displacements and requires non-linear traffic analyses. Last but not least, a major engineering challenge of long suspension bridges is their susceptibility to wind induced vibrations.

The Hardanger Bridge project is used as a descriptive example for an integrative procedure including form finding, simulation of the erection process, and detailed analysis with considering geometric non-linearity and dynamic impacts like wind induced vibrations.
Studies on Seismic Retrofit of the Honshu-Shikoku Bridges Using Isolation and Dissipation Devices
Authors: Endo Kazuo , Kawabata Sunao , Ogo Shoji
Published: July 2015

Seismic retrofit work for the Honshu-Shikoku Bridges has recently been launched because there is a concern that seismic risk for the bridges increases. In this paper, two examples of the investigation for seismic performance improvement using isolation and dissipation devices are described. One is the case of a viscous damper, which is adopted for a steel girder bridge. The other is the case of a seismic isolation bearing, which is adopted for a steel truss bridge.
Cerradura Stress-Ribbon Footbridge. Iznajar (Spain)
Authors: Jimenez Javier , Gomez David
Published: July 2015

A 25.00 m span stress ribbon footbridge is projected in ‘La Cerradura’ recreational area, located on the end riverbed of the Iznajar reservoir, in the province of Granada, Spain. Footbridge allows the access to both river banks, and additionally provides beautiful views of the cliff and the valley. On the other hand, structure allows access to the area all over the year, since present existing path is free of the reservoir action only in summer season, increasing in this manner, the value of this natural area for visitors. Among the studied solutions, the winner was a 25.00 m span stress-ribbon footbridge with two Vierendeel truss ramps for access anchored each 3.00 m against the cliff. The deck of the stress-ribbon is formed by a concrete slab 0.20 m deep and 3.50 m wide. The deck was suspended on two bearing tendons 19C15, and post-tensioning was applied with seven tendons of 7C15. The deck has been assembled from precast segments that are hung on temporary erection cables and removed after post-tensioning of the deck with the internal tendons. The maximum slope of the stress-ribbon is very limited by aesthetic reasons, so the deck is stressed by a large horizontal force that has to be transferred to the soil. The abutments need to transfer into the soil, by rock ground anchors, very large horizontal forces. The Vierendeel truss of 1.50 m deep fits perfectly to the topography of the rock, configured as a genuine way in the air. The whole work gets a perfect adaptation to the environment where it’s located.
Utilization of Recycled Rubber in Concrete Mix Design
Authors: Issa Camille A.
Published: July 2015

Camille Issa, born 1959, received his Ph D in Civil Engineering from Virginia Tech, USA in 1985. He joined Mississippi State University as Assistant Professor and was promoted to an Associate Professor in 1990. In 1993 he joined the Lebanese American University. His main area of research is Concrete.

There is no doubt that the increasing piles of used tires create environmental concerns. As waste continues to accumulate and availability and capacity of landfill spaces diminish, agencies are increasing application and use of recycled materials such as crumb rubber from tires in construction. The basic building materials in concrete construction are primarily aggregate and cement. The educated use of recycled materials can result in reduced cost potentials and may enhance performance; however, not all recycled materials are well suited for concrete construction applications. The two main reasons for not utilizing a reclaimed material are 1) addition of material is a detriment to performance, and 2) excessive cost. In this study, the performance of recycled materials crumb rubber as valuable substitute for fine aggregates ranging from 0% to 100% in replacement of crushed sand in concrete mixes is investigated. An acceptable compressive strength was obtained with up to 25% by volume replacement of fine aggregates with crumb rubber.
Glass in structures; promising developments
Authors: Nijsse Rob
Published: July 2015

Glass is more and more accepted as a structural material. Glass floors and especially glass facades are widely used in modern architecture. In this paper the translation of other structural elements like beams, bridges and even columns into an all glass structural element is discussed and illustrated by experimental applications. Prototypes of these all glass structural elements are tested on structural integrity in the laboratory of the University of Delft (NL).
Analysis, Design and Documentation of a Form-Found Civic Sculpture for Lower Manhattan
Authors: Kostura Zachary
Published: July 2015

Zak is a Structural Engineer in the New York office with particular expertise in high performance structures. He provides senior structural design services on international tall building projects. Zak is also an adjunct professor of architecture in the Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation at Columbia University, where he provides a focus on structurally expressive architecture.

This paper presents an overview of the artistic and functional objectives of an 8-storey cable net sculpture for a new transit center in Lower Manhattan, and describes in detail the design approach of the project team, including software integration, nonlinear analysis, geometric modeling, documentation and construction administration. It outlines a hybrid documentation approach involving elements of both prescriptive and performance-based design for a system with strong aesthetic objectives and a collaborative approach to construction administration to manage risk amongst the various stakeholders
Bending Properties of Connections in Cross Laminated Timber
Authors: Sadeghi Masoud , Ballerini Marco , Smith Ian , Pedrotti Enrico
Published: July 2015

Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) is a class of plywood-like Engineered Wood Product (EWP) available in large thicknesses that is used mainly to create floor and wall slabs. This paper addresses performance of CLT panel edge-to-edge connections subjected to bending moments created by out- of-plane forces on floors or walls constructed from CLT panels of discrete width (circa 2 to 5m). Two types of connections employing self-tapping screws, half-lapped and single-spline, are investigated because they are compact and limit material wastage, and facilitate on-site construction operations. This study also investigates how placing washers under screw heads alters the strength and stiffness of studied connections.
Reinforced Concrete Corrosion Mitigation with Embedded Distributed Galvanic Anodes
Authors: Haixue Liao , Onoda Motoki
Published: July 2015

This paper first introduces galvanic corrosion protection and embedded distributed galvanic anodes (DAS) for reinforced concrete structures. Then the 10 years of DAS anode monitoring data is presented, and finally applications are briefly discussed.
Caustic region fields of an elliptical reflector covered by an anisotropic magnetized plasma layer
Authors: Ghaffar A. , Alkanhal M. A. S.
Published: July 2015

Theoretical formulations of the electromagnetic (EM) field distribution in the focal or caustic region of an elliptical reflector with its curved surface coated by collisional magnetized anisotropic plasma have been derived. Both parallel and perpendicular polarizations of the normal incident wave are considered. Expressions for the EM field intensity along the focal region have been obtained accurately using Maslov’s method. The effect of the plasma-layer thickness on the reflected and transmitted field intensity distributions was investigated. Other physical parameters such as the plasma electron density, the cyclotron frequencies, and the collisional frequency have been noticed to have an evident influence on the levels of the transmitted field-intensities along the focal region. The problem discussed in this paper has, also, been solved using Kirchhoff’s approximation and the results of the two methods are found to be in a good agreement.
Wide-angle spectral imaging using a Fabry-Pérot interferometer
Authors: Strauch M. , Livshits I. L. , Bociort F. , Urbach H. P.
Published: July 2015

We show that wide-angle spectral imaging can be achieved with compact and cost-effective devices using Fabry-Pérot interferometers. Designs with a full field of view of 90°, in which the Fabry-Pérot interferometer is mounted either in front of an imaging lens system or behind a telecentric lens system, are presented and analysed. We show the dependency of the spectral resolution on the numerical aperture of the lens system and demonstrate its value as a design criterion.
Management of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma: A Three Years Retrospective Study
Authors: Mahmud Sharfuddin , Biswas Dipali , Aich Manilal , Sardar Md Abdur Rouf
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a pathologically benign yet locally aggressive and destructive vascular tumor. It comprises 0.5% of neoplasms in the head and neck typically affecting adolescent boys.Material & Method: A retrospective study of surgically treated patients of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma was performed over a period of 3 years. The study discusses about most common presenting complaints, correlation of preoperative radiological and intraoperative staging and factors affecting recurrence of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.Result: 20 surgically treated patients were included in the study; all were male with average age of 15.7yrs having epistaxis and nasal obstruction as the most common symptom. Preoperative staging was almost similar with intraoperative staging except one case which needed upstaging. Suitable surgical approach was adopted considering site of lesion. Two recurrent cases were also managd successfully.Conclusion: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a benign disease of male adolescents with bone eroding capacity. The planning of surgical approach for its excision has utmost importance which is based on extent of the lesion or staging done pre-operatively. Early preoperative evaluation not only helps in better management but also prevents recurrence of JNA.Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2015; 21(1): 33-37
Diálogo de saberes ambientales entre Europa-América. Agroecosistemas oasianos en Baja California Sur s. XVIII-XX
Authors: Ortega Santos Antonio
Published: July 2015

Desde hace más de dos siglos, las Comunidades Oasianas de Baja California Sur han estado viviendo en íntima conexión con su medio ambiente. Con la llegada de los Jesuitas se produjo un intenso proceso de exterminio biocultural de los saberes sociambientales de esas comunidades, repoblando estas huertas y llanos con población -en muchos casos colonos- procedentes del sur de España-, redimensionado la identidad territorial como ranchera que gestionó los ecosistemas bajo pautas de autosuficiencia y subconsumo, dadas las fuertes constricciones socioambientales de agroecosistemas sudcalifornianos. A inicios del siglo XXI, las comunidades oasianas luchan contra la pérdida de sus saberes comunitarios, enclavados en edenes de enorme potencial biocultural, rescatando y manteniendo los cultivos traídos con la llegada de los jesuitas. Este marco nos permite describir un proceso de colonización de los ecosistemas a lo largo de los dos últimos siglos.
Saberes Híbridos: las Sugar Companys y la moderna plantación azucarera en Cuba
Authors: Fernández Prieto Leida
Published: July 2015

Desde los estudios sobre la producción y difusión del conocimiento, este texto explora el encuentro e intercambio entre prácticas y saberes locales y globales dentro de la plantación azucarera entre los siglos XIX y XX, un proceso definido como “saberes híbridos”. Este artículo también se hace eco de los estudios que ven en la región como modelo de referencia interterritorial. En el texto se destacan algunos elementos del occidente azucarero cubano transferidos a las nuevas plantaciones del este a través de la negociación entre el conocimiento local y las prácticas y saberes estadounidenses, no exenta de tensiones personales, imperiales, científicas o empresariales.
Escepticismo, teología y ciencia: el caso del movimiento terrestre
Authors: Solís Santos Carlos
Published: July 2015

La tesis de la omnipotencia divina, según la cual Dios puede hacer cualquier cosa que no entrañe contradicción, fue usada por los teólogos bajomedievales como argumento escéptico contra las pretensiones de conocimiento de los físicos. La astronomía, una ciencia matemática, se limitaba a construir modelos de datos respetando los supuestos aceptables por la física que a su vez se debían subordinar a la teología. En el siglo XIV, el teólogo Nicolás de Oresme comparó los argumentos a favor de la rotación terrestre y a favor del giro de los cielos. Siendo un experto matemático y filósofo natural, concluyó la mayor plausibilidad de la primera hipótesis, aunque el escepticismo teológico lo llevó a considerar esas razones insuficientes y a declarar su falsedad por motivos bíblicos. La situación cambió en el siglo XVII. En primer lugar, la Reforma indujo entre los católicos un mayor fundamentalismo; en segundo lugar, los argumentos físicos de Galileo a favor del movimiento terrestre y su refutación del esquema ptolemaico por las fases de Venus hacían insostenible la equidistancia escéptica respecto a ambas posiciones; en tercer lugar, la falta de competencia científica de los actores eclesiásticos llevó a condenar a Galileo y declarar el heliocentrismo falso y formalmente herético.
Medicina y política en Francesco Patrizi: el cuerpo de La Ciudad Feliz
Authors: Gómez López Susana
Published: July 2015

La ciudad feliz de Francesco Patrizi ha sido casi siempre considerada como una obra perteneciente a la literatura utópica del siglo XVI o como una imagen filosófica de la Venecia real. En este artículo mantengo, en cambio, que Patrizi ideó su Ciudad feliz para defender el modelo político aristocrático expuesto por Aristóteles en su Política y justificarlo con los principios de la medicina platónica que Marsilio Ficino había elaborado en su De vita. Tal intento llevó a Patrizi a describir la ciudad como un cuerpo humano, recurriendo a los principios de la medicina hipocrático-galénica para explicar su funcionamiento y llegando a mantener que el orden de la ciudad es el resultado de la necesidad que tiene el cuerpo cívico de conserva la cantidad y calidad de sus espíritus naturales, vitales y animales.
Utopia, Labor, and Informational Capitalism
Authors: Briziarelli Marco
Published: July 2015

Through the lens of a political economic approach, I consider the question whether or not social media can promote social change. I claim that whereas media have consistently channeled technological utopia/dystopia, thus be constantly linked to aspirations and fear of social change, the answer to that question does not depend on their specific nature but on historically specific social relations in which media operate. In the case here considered, it requires examining the social relations re-producing and produced by informational capitalism. More specifically, I examine how the productive relations that support user generated content practices of Facebook users affect social media in their capability to reproduce and transform existing social contexts. Drawing on Fuchs and Sevignani's (2013) distinction between “work” and “labor” I claim that social media reflect the ambivalent nature of current capitalist mode of production: a contest in which exploitative/emancipatory as well as reproductive/transformative aspects are articulated by liberal ideology.
Designing and Implementing e-Government Projects for Democracy and Social Change in India
Authors: Virkar Shefali
Published: July 2015

Attracted by the new Information and Communication Technologies, actors across the world have adopted computer-based systems for use in government as a means of reforming inefficiencies in public administration and public service provision. This book chapter, through the study of an electronic property tax collection system in Bangalore, India, seeks to unravel the social dynamics shaping similar e-government initiatives. The research upon which this chapter is based analyses prevailing actor behaviour, motivations, and interactions; examining not only the interplay of local contingencies and external influences acting upon the project's implementation and transformation, but also the disjunctions in these relationships which inhibit the effective exploitation of ICTs in the given context.
The Study on Bore Piles Foundation of the Reinforced Concrete Arch Bridge Beams of Tukad Pekerisan and Tukad Penet
Authors: Sutarja I. Nyoman , Wayan Redana I.W.
Published: July 2015

The foundation of the reinforced concrete arch bridge beams of Tukad Pekerisan and Tukad Penet (Pekerisan River and Penet River) Bali, were first designed to use well foundation on a rock soil adapted to the boring results. However, at the time of excavation, the base soil was founded to have textures that contain of both longitudinal and transverse cracks. The fractures were found to form a rectangular pattern and continued down to the layer of soil. It was feared that the slope will not be strong enough and could collapse. The purpose of this study is to determine the strength and stability of the bore piles foundations of reinforced concrete arch bridge, in order to avoid the possible collapse of the banks on the bridge foundation. The alternative of bore piles as underpinning were selected by considering the field problems, such as the elongated soil crack sand a very steep slope of soil near the construction.
Comparative Analysis of Traditional House at Taman Mini Indonesia Indah with Modern House
Authors: Purnawan Surya , Sukania I. Wayan , Widodo Lamto
Published: July 2015

House is one of the most basic needs of human life other than food and clothing. House comfort can be studied in house ergonomic. In House Ergonomic, research of the various factors that can be called decent house would have to meet the criteria of ergonomic house. Indonesia is a country with many different cultures, each of which has a typical traditional house for the region. In the days before globalization began, people of Indonesia had to build their own houses. The traditional house of the culture diversity is constructed without researching the science of ergonomics and modern architecture in theory, but is built from traditional local knowledge based on the philosophy and beliefs.
The Property and Applicability to Auto Industry of Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Hu Rui Hua , Ma Zhi Guo , Zheng Shuai , Zheng Chuan Lin , Jiang Ai Ju
Published: July 2015

Natural fiber reinforced composites material are used in more and more industries for their low cost, lightweight, and more importantly, the properties of friendship to environment. Environmental friendship is a very significant superiority of natural fiber composites for auto industry. In this paper, the following aspects are reviewed: (1) superiority of natural fiber reinforced composite materials to glass fiber reinforced composite material, especially when they are used in automobile industry; (2) current usage in automobile industry and the prospective in the future; (3) recent developments.
Fracture Parameters of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polycarbonate Composite Fabricated by Injection Molding Process
Authors: Hwang Myung Goo , Kim Gin Ho , Park Han Ju , Lee Yong Gon , Yang Cheol Min , Lim Jae Kyoo , Kang Hee Yong
Published: July 2015

This paper investigated the fracture behavior of the unavoidable breakage of carbon fibers and fiber orientation of short carbon fiber reinforced polycarbonate composite in injection process. In this experiment, short carbon fiber mixed compound of 1mm, 3mm, 5mm, 7mm length with 10wt.%, 15wt.%, 20wt.% in polycarbonate for injection molding were produced through the extruder. The dumbbell specimens for tensile evaluation were made by injection molding. The parent specimens were made by double gate method, the weld specimens were made by single gate method which was controlled by inserting a stopper through the runner of the mold cavity. Short carbon fiber reinforced PC composite was evaluated by micro-CT with regard to the particle size of short fiber with a diversified quantitative analysis through entire process of the injection process in composite. The quantitative distribution of fiber orientation was also examined by micro-CT with regard to normal direction or anisotropy. Weld line of short carbon fibers reinforced PC composite weaken the bonding strength by 50% compared to parent materials because the weld line is composed with concentrated anisotropy orientation of short carbon fiber in weld line. Evaluation of the mechanical properties of the injection specimens group was utilized by universal tensile strength tester. In addition, fracture surface of parent and weld materials was investigated by a SEM.
Design of Fluidized Bed Co-Gasifier of Coal and Wastes Fuels
Authors: Winaya I. Nyoman Suprapta , Hartati Rukmi Sari , Lokantara I. Putu , Subawa I. Gan , Putrawan I Made Agus
Published: July 2015

The solid waste produced from urban area is an urgent issue to be addressed. A fluidized bed (FB) gasification technology has been widely applied and proven effective to convert waste into clean energy and environmentally friendly. Co-gasification is a technique of mixing two or more fuels that aims to improve calorific value of the gas production. A FB gasifier reactor is designed using some previous experiments and available literature as well as from the internal experience of the research group. The gasification reactor pilot plant scale using data input of waste and biomass fuels has been fabricated with diameter of 0.7 m and a height of 1.5 m. The Tests have been performed showing that the FB gasifier is very feasible to be developed.
Design and Implementation of Web-Based Geographic Information Systems on Mapping Hindu’s Temple
Authors: Piarsa Nyoman , Adi Purnawan Ketut
Published: July 2015

Bali is a small and unique island, which stores various indigenous wealth and culture. One of the customs and cultural heritage is the presence of the holy places of Hindu temple that is lying scattered all over the island of Bali as a worship place of God. Known as Thousand Temples Islands, Bali island has many sacred places are grouped into General temple, Territorial temple, Functional temple and Kawitan temple based on the character and nature[1]. Hindu tradition known as Tirtayatra done by praying to the temples. Aside from being a holy place, the temple is also a tourist attraction for visitors in Bali. Large numbers, spread location lead to difficulty in the location searching and each temple can be composed of several buildings give problems in data collection and maintenance of information. A geographically-based system is needed to solve these problems. By using Google Maps and web programming technologies, this system will be able to help the hindus and other visitors to determine their location and the location of the temple. In addition, this system can also be accessed anywhere with an internet connection.
Study on Solar Generating Apparatus for Solving Problem of Shadow
Authors: Chang Jin Won , Kim Saeng Soo , Lim Jae Kyoo , Lee Jong Jo
Published: July 2015

As we secure sufficient space to distribute power generation equipment of solar energy, there will be no shaded area, but for the limited space, we can find temporaryshaded area surely for a few moments or a few hours .For the fixed type which are used to most roof solar power plant, side beam is projected for certain period of time before and after sunset, it would be affected to electric generation efficiency, so we researched to solve this phenomena using concave and convex mirror. For basic principle, when module is positioned at shaded area and time, it can deliver to be spread toward module to be accumulatedsunshine with concave mirror and reflected with convex mirror. For net energy which is obtained from sunlight, it produced 223W/day and it produced 207W/dayusing reflect mirror, we can get result which we can get similar amount of power energy only with reflect mirror.It shows that the production by direct light has increase of 8% more than production by reflected light.
Transient Thermal Efficiency of Natural Hybrid Dryer System on Chimney Height Variation of Exhaust Moist Air
Authors: Murti Made Ricki , Park Chan Woo
Published: July 2015

In developing countries, the sun and biomass are very important as the alternative and renewable energy sources that is very necessary the effort for utilizing them maximally. This study has developed a natural hybrid dryer system utilizing the heat energy was generated from the biomass stove and the solar collector. This dryer system has been tested on the chimney height variation of exhaust moist air, namely: 2m, 4m, and 6m. For assessment of thermal efficiency, several variables of experimental data was collected consist of: several point of air flow temperatures, the ambient temperature, air flow velocities, mass of material which was dried, and solar radiation. Further, the efficiency of solar collector, the efficiency of biomass stove, the efficiency of drying chamber, and the total efficiency of system against the time as the purpose of this study. The result showed that with increased of chimney height of exhaust moist air caused the increase of air mass flow rate, and further caused the increase of heat transfer rate in the biomass stove and solar collector against the time. It caused the increased of transient thermal efficiency of biomass stove and solar collector against the time and it was influencing the increase of evaporation rate. Thus, the drying speed was increasing and with chimney height of 6m was the fastest with the drying time was 7 hours, while 7.5 hours and 8 hours were for height of 4m and 2m respectively. With increased of chimney height of exhaust moist air caused the efficiency of the drying chamber was decreasing and the total efficiency of system was increasing slightly, each was decreasing against the time due to decreasing of mass.
Travel Time Estimation Based on Spot Speed with Instantaneous and Time Slice Model
Authors: Mahmudah Amirotul M.H. , Budiarto A. , Legowo S.J.
Published: July 2015

In off-line applications, travel time is the main parameter of road performance which can be the main consideration for evaluation and planning of transportation policy, and also to assess the accuracy of transportation modeling. While in on-line application travel time is main information for road users to define their travel behavior. Due to the important of travel time, therefore accurate estimation/prediction of travel time is essential. In order to fulfill it, this research analyzed the accuracy of Instantaneous and Time Slice model, and also evaluate the validity of Time mean speed and Space mean speed in mixed traffic condition. There is not much difference in travel time estimation error between models. The travel time estimation was larger than the actual travel time by floating car. It was also found that the error occurred on time mean speed are less than the space mean speed.
Port Location Selection Model: Case Study of Tourism Sector in Bali
Authors: Budiartha Raka Mandi Nyoman , Achmadi Tri , Harmi Tjahjanti Prantasi
Published: July 2015

We employ an integrated model to decide the location of the most optimum harbor infrastructure of tourism in determining the tourism attractiveness for destinations. This study identifies the factors that influence the tourists’ choice for destination and evaluates the tourists’ preference for destinations. A 4-level AHP model, consisting of 22 attributes on the 4th level, developed by Tzu-Kuang Hsu, was proposed and tested using data collected from tourists who visited Bali to establish the relative importance of pre-selected factors (criteria). By using fuzzy set theory and TOPSIS, the preference of 47 given destinations corresponding to each criterion can be evaluated and their final rankings can also be defined. Based on the results of this preference, ten alternative port locations were evaluated using Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) models to find the travel package tours with a minimum duration that can be visited with a long period of time. The TSP model implemented in this study is expected to be able to integrate tourist destinations and transportation systems. The results of computation using the TSP model revealed that Benoa Harbor is the best place to dock for cruise ships based on the number and rank of the tourist preference for destinations that can be visited.
Dynamic Characteristics Analysis on a Super High-Rise Building Structure under Seismic Effect
Authors: Chen Zhen
Published: July 2015

Dynamic characteristics calculation analysis on a super high-rise office building structure under seismic effect has been done by using currently popular software called PKPM in civil engineering. It turns out that the result calculated with PKPM software has great reference value for the seismic analysis of high-rise building structure. Analysis method tailored for dynamic characteristics of earthquakes in this paper can be used as reference for similar seismic analysis and design of super high-rise buildings.
Mechanical Properties of HPC and Numerical Simulation of Mine Shaft under 3D Load
Authors: Cao Hui , Jiang Lin Lin
Published: July 2015

The mechanical properties of high-strength concrete was studied in the laboratory, and obtained a high strength concrete uniaxial compressive strength changes with curing period, found that low temperature curing C100 Poisson's ratio of concrete is 0.24, and elastic modulus reached about 52.5GPa. The test results are applied to the numerical calculation, established a separate type reinforced concrete wall, and the multiaxial loading the stress state is simulated, the research shows that it is applied to C100 reinforced concrete shaft lining under its own gravity and the surrounding soil earth pressure, the maximum effective stress are respectively 25MPa , and effective strain is 4E-4mm, structure of shaft wall failure caused by shear wall structure. Under the three state of compression, the strength of concrete is improved.
Effects of Reactive Elements (Hf and Y) on Adhesive Behaviour of Al2O3(0001)Fe(110) Interface: A First-Principles Study
Authors: Zhang Guo Ying , Tang Jie
Published: July 2015

The first-principles method based on density function theory (DFT) is carried out to assess the effect of reactive elements (Hf and Y) on the interfacial adhesion. Our calculations predict that RE prefers to segregate on Al2O3(0001)/Fe (110) interface region, meanwhile the segregation of S to the interface is suppressed, which may be beneficial to improve the interface adhesion of the Al2O3(0001)/ Fe (110) interface. The strong p-d covalent coupling formed between O and Fe atoms across Al2O3(0001)/Fe (110) interfaces. Hf and Y form stronger chemical bonds with O atoms across Al2O3(0001)/Fe (110) interface than Fe. The formation of strong covalent RE-O bonds across the interface attributes to the increase of the interface adhesion. The population analysis can quantify the covalent bond strengths. The bond population values of Hf-O, Y-O bonds are larger than that of Fe-O bond, which hints at the mechanism by which RE strengthen the Al2O3(0001)/Fe (110) interface, and as a result, the oxidation resistance of FeCrAl alloys are improved.
Experimental Research on Diesel Engine Friction and Wear Based on Ferrographic Analysis
Authors: Xiao Hai Bing
Published: July 2015

This paper deals with the study of diesel engine friction and wear. The friction and wear mechanism of diesel engine was studied and the wear factors of diesel engine friction and wear was analyzed. According to the diesel engine test bench, diesel engine experimental scheme of oil testing was designed during running-in stage. Studies have shown that wear particle morphology of diesel engine from ferrographic analysis can reflect the degree of wear and wear mechanism during running-in stage, wear particle changed during running-in stage. Ferrographic monitoring is an effective method for diesel engine friction and wear monitoring.
Effects of Doping Concentration on the Performance of Blue Fluorescent OLEDs
Authors: Zhang Gang , Zhang Xi Yan
Published: July 2015

The OLEDs were fabricated with the structure of ITO/m-MTDATA(20nm)/NPB(10nm)/ DPVBi:BCzVBi(15 nm,x%)/TPBi(10 nm)/Alq3(20nm)/Cs2CO3：Ag2O(2nm,20%)/ Al (100 nm) by using the method of fluorescent dyes dopant. The effect of different DPVBi:BCzVBi doping concentration(x=5,8, 10 and 15) on the properties of blue light device was studied．Results show that when the mass fraction of fluorescent dye BCzVBi was 10%, performances of the device were the best. This device had a maximum current efficiency of 4.19 cd /A and maximum luminance of 14757 cd /m2at 17 V.When the driving voltage changed from 8 to 17 V, the efficiency of the devices had been rising. There are not the phenomenon of efficient roll-off.
Photocatalytic H2 Production Using Semiconductor Nanomaterials via Water Splitting – An Overview
Authors: Natarajan Kalithasan , Natarajan Thillai Sivakumar , Kureshy Rukshana I. , Bajaj Hari C. , Jo Wan Kuen , Tayade Rajesh J.
Published: July 2015

Heterogeneous semiconductor based photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production by water splitting is one of the widely recognized promising sustainable technologies to deliver clean energy for future energy demands. The present review article mainly focus on the overview of principle of water splitting, different semiconductor nanomaterials used for photocatalytic water splitting in the presence of UV and solar light irradiation, role of sacrificial reagents, simultaneous degradation of pollutants and H2 production reaction, strategy for development of efficient photocatalyst for H2 production. Further the flaws associated with present photocatalytic system like recombination rate of electron–hole pairs, low visible-light response, use of hazardous irradiation sources and surface area of photocatalyst etc. has also been discussed. Recently the use of energy efficient light emitting diodes (LEDs) as an irradiation source for H2 production is highly attracted due to its unique characteristics. Recent literature on LED source based photocatalytic system for H2 production has also been summarized and highlighted. At last, the future prospects and challenges towards the designing of better photocatalytic system for H2 production have also been discussed. From the literature survey, it is concluded that construction of efficient photocatalytic system for simultaneous degradation of pollutants and H2 production under energy efficient irradiation source offer clean and simple system for solving the futuristic environmental concerns and energy crisis.
Recent Progress of GaP THz Signal Generator - Light Source for High Accurate Terahertz Spectrometer
Authors: Sasaki Tetsuo , Tanabe Tadao , Nishizawa Junichi
Published: July 2015

We have developed a continuous wave THz Signal Generator on the principle of Difference Frequency Generation in a GaP crystal and constructed a high accurate CW THz spectrometer using it as a light source. Combining with a bolometer detector cooled by a mechanical cooler, the spectrometer is now working as non-stop system. Increasing the power of CW THz wave up to 100 nW, uncooled detector or camera is now available. This is the first report of CW THz beam observation generated at the surface of GaP crystal.
Modelling of Heat Exchange in Counterflow Shell-Type System
Authors: Jakovics Andris , Gendelis Stanislavs , Laizans Aigars , Vardanjans Davids
Published: July 2015

The paper presents first stage of research for numerical modelling of heat exchange in counterflow shell-type system with variable dimensions, which is partly placed under the ground level. Mathematical model of heat and mass balance is reduced to 1D case to make numerical calculation faster. Different kinds of boundary conditions (surface temperature, convection) and various physical properties of layer between pipes (from non-insulated to well insulated) are used to check the usability of created model.
Investigation of one Macro-Level Model of Distribution Logistics
Authors: Guseynov Sharif E. , Medvedev Alexander N. , Guseinovs Raufs , Baranova Lyudmila V.
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we investigate the problem of optimal allocation of indivisible consumers in the presence of multinomenclature resource constraints of fuzzy nature: under the assumption that the restriction on the amount of multinomenclature resources consumed is not defined clearly. A mathematical model for one of the many possible formulations of the given problem is constructed from scratch; efficient approximation algorithm for solving the approximation model in the dual formulation is also elaborated.
Near-Infrared Reflection Spectra of Copper Nanowire Array Structures
Authors: Dou Wen Li , Xu Wen , Xu Shao Hui , Fei Guang Tao , Xiao Yi Ming
Published: July 2015

We present a detailed study on near-infrared (NIR) reflection spectra of Cu nanowire arrays (NWAs) which are embedded in porous anodic alumina oxide templates and with pore diameters from 35 nm to 80 nm. We find that the NIR reflection of these samples is out of the frequency regime for surface-plasmon resonance induced by intra-and inter-band excitations. However, the intensity of the NIR reflection of Cu NWAs depends strongly on sample parameters and temperature. The measurements are carried out at temperatures setting to be 4 K, 77 K, 200 K, and at room temperature. The optical response of the Cu NWAs in NIR bandwidth is attributed to localized surface-plasmon oscillations and the NIR reflectance increases with temperature up to room-temperature. The physical mechanisms behind these interesting findings are discussed.