bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nereididae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from intertidal macroalgae in Western Australia
Authors: HADIYANTO HADIYANTO , GLASBY CHRISTOPHER J
Published: February 2023

The last extensive exploration of Nereididae diversity within coastal waters of Western Australia was done in 1975–1984. We collected Nereididae associated with macroalgae from 38 rocky intertidal shores of Western Australia (18°S to 34°S). Eighteen species belonging to seven genera are described and illustrated. Two new species, Nereis edentata n. sp. and Nereis yuedensis n. sp., were found. Nereis edentata n. sp. differs from other Nereis species having one row of paragnaths on Areas VII–VIII and smooth notopodial homogomph falcigers in posterior chaetigers. Nereis yuedensis n. sp. differs from other Nereis species having one row of paragnaths on Areas VII–VIII and notopodial homogomph falcigers with at least one large lateral tooth, and also species having notopodial homogomph falcigers starting from chaetiger 3. The distribution of N. yuedensis n. sp. was found to be restricted within temperate Australia and N. edentata n. sp. appears to be transitional between temperate and tropical regions. Also, we remove from synonymy the probable Western Australian endemic species, Pseudonereis rottnestiana (Augener, 1913), and provide a key to all known genera and species of Nereididae from Western Australian waters.
A Pulse Delay Control Method by External Trigger to Underwater Illumination
Authors: Zhang Hao , Li Xiangchun , Yao Guipeng , Gong Longxiang , Tian Yanbing
Published: February 2023

Aiming at the problem of high precision pulse synchronization control in digital signal processing, we proposed an external trigger synchronization control method by double-layer hierarchical delay. The method consists of hardware circuit and control algorithm. The hardware circuit
employs the main control unit and the digital delay unit, in which the main control unit makes the coordination between the digital delay unit and the peripheral circuit, and the two-layer digital delay unit performs multiple fixed period delay operation according to the instruction of the
main control unit. The control algorithm adopts the two-layer hierarchical control mode, decomposes the total delay time according to the two-layer delay precision, and performs the combined delay in the two-layer digital delay unit successively. The delay result achieves a fixed delay of
less than 40 ns, a delay step of 0.25 ns and a delay range of less than 1000 ns. The method adopts the combination of hardware and software to realize the external trigger double-layer hierarchical delay synchronization control, which has the characteristics of high delay step and pulse width
adjustment accuracy and small cumulative delay error. It is suitable for the application scenarios of lidar echo signal and ultra-wide spectrum power source synthesis.
Extreme Surface Energy Budget Anomalies in the High Arctic in Winter
Authors: Murto Sonja , Papritz Lukas , Messori Gabriele , Caballero Rodrigo , Svensson Gunilla , Wernli Heini
Published: February 2023

In recent decades, the Arctic has warmed faster than the global mean, especially during winter. This has been attributed to various causes, with recent studies highlighting the importance of enhanced downward infrared radiation associated with anomalous inflow of warm, moist air from lower latitudes. Here, we study wintertime surface energy budget (SEB) anomalies over Arctic sea ice on synoptic time scales, using ERA5 (1979–2020). We introduce a new algorithm to identify areas with extreme, positive daily mean SEB anomalies and connect them to form spatiotemporal life cycle events. Most of these events are associated with large-scale inflow from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, driven by poleward deflection of the storm track and blocks over northern Eurasia and Alaska. Events originate near the ice edge, where they have roughly equal contributions of net longwave radiation and turbulent fluxes to the positive SEB anomaly. As the events move farther into the Arctic, SEB anomalies decrease due to weakening sensible and latent heat-flux anomalies, while the surface temperature anomaly increases toward the peak of the events along with the downward longwave radiation anomaly. Due to these temporal and spatial differences, the largest SEB anomalies are not always related to strongest surface warming. Thus, studying temperature anomalies alone might not be sufficient to determine sea ice changes. This study highlights the importance of turbulent fluxes in driving SEB anomalies and downward longwave radiation in determining local surface warming. Therefore, both processes need to be accurately represented in climate models.

Significance Statement

Mechanisms behind wintertime rapid Arctic warming and sea ice growth changes are not well understood. While much is known about the impact of radiative fluxes on both sea ice variability and surface warming, the relative importance of radiative and turbulent fluxes remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to clarify what controls surface energy budget (SEB) anomalies over sea ice. Along the life cycle of synoptic-scale events, positive SEB anomalies are shown to decrease and surface temperature anomalies increase after their onset. Additionally, variations in SEB anomalies are primarily controlled by turbulent fluxes, while downward longwave radiative fluxes are mainly responsible for surface temperature variations. These results highlight the need for accurate representations of these fluxes for predicting future Arctic climate.
Evaluation of SWER(Ze) Relationships by Precipitation Imaging Package (PIP) during ICE-POP 2018
Authors: Tokay Ali , Helms Charles N. , Kim Kwonil , Gatlin Patrick N. , Wolff David B.
Published: February 2023

Improving estimation of snow water equivalent rate (SWER) from radar reflectivity (Ze), known as a SWER(Ze) relationship, is a priority for NASA’s Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission ground validation program as it is needed to comprehensively validate spaceborne precipitation retrievals. This study investigates the performance of eight operational and four research-based SWER(Ze) relationships utilizing Precipitation Imaging Probe (PIP) observations from the International Collaborative Experiment for Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games (ICE-POP 2018) field campaign. During ICE-POP 2018, there were 10 snow events that are classified by synoptic conditions as either cold low or warm low, and a SWER(Ze) relationship is derived for each event. Additionally, a SWER(Ze) relationship is derived for each synoptic classification by merging all events within each class. Two new types of SWER(Ze) relationships are derived from PIP measurements of bulk density and habit classification. These two physically based SWER(Ze) relationships provided superior estimates of SWER when compared to the operational, event-specific, and synoptic SWER(Ze) relationships. For estimates of the event snow water equivalent total, the event-specific, synoptic, and best-performing operational SWER(Ze) relationships outperformed the physically based SWER(Ze) relationship, although the physically based relationships still performed well. This study recommends using the density or habit-based SWER(Ze) relationships for microphysical studies, whereas the other SWER(Ze) relationships are better suited toward hydrologic application.
A Deep Learning Data Fusion Model Using Sentinel-1/2, SoilGrids, SMAP, and GLDAS for Soil Moisture Retrieval
Authors: Batchu Vishal , Nearing Grey , Gulshan Varun
Published: February 2023

We develop a deep learning–based convolutional-regression model that estimates the volumetric soil moisture content in the top ∼5 cm of soil. Input predictors include Sentinel-1 (active radar) and Sentinel-2 (multispectral imagery), as well as geophysical variables from SoilGrids and modeled soil moisture fields from SMAP and GLDAS. The model was trained and evaluated on data from ∼1000 in situ sensors globally over the period 2015–21 and obtained an average per-sensor correlation of 0.707 and ubRMSE of 0.055 m3 m−3, and it can be used to produce a soil moisture map at a nominal 320-m resolution. These results are benchmarked against 14 other soil moisture evaluation research works at different locations, and an ablation study was used to identify important predictors.

Significance Statement

Soil moisture is a key variable in various agriculture and water management systems. Accurate and high-resolution estimates of soil moisture have multiple downstream benefits such as reduced water wastage by better understanding and managing the consumption of water, utilizing smarter irrigation methods and effective canal water management. We develop a deep learning–based model that estimates the volumetric soil moisture content in the top ∼5 cm of soil at a nominal 320-m resolution. Our results demonstrate that machine learning is a useful tool for fusing different modalities with ease, while producing high-resolution models that are not location specific. Future work could explore the possibility of using temporal input sources to further improve model performance.
Exploring Intra-arterial Contrast Administration for Intraoperative Imaging Using a Swine Model
Authors: Treffalls Rebecca N. , Poe Kelly , Abdou Hossam , Stonko David P. , Edwards Joseph , DeMartino Randall R. , Ptak Thomas , Morrison Jonathan J.
Published: February 2023

Intraoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging with endovascular delivery of intra-arterial (IA) contrast could potentially provide higher attenuation with lower contrast volumes than intravenous (IV) administration. We aimed to compare IA and IV contrast use for organ-specific CT abdominal imaging. Five anesthetized swine had external jugular and brachial artery access with ascending aortic pigtail placement. An IV protocol was 100 mL at 5 mL/sec over 20 sec vs 50 mL of IA contrast at 5 mL/sec over 10 sec. Region-of-interest markers were applied to anatomical regions to measure attenuation (HU) over time. IA and IV contrast protocols achieved adequate aortic opacification (IA, 455 ± 289 vs IV, 450 ± 114 HU). The IA contrast aortic attenuation curve reached peak attenuation compared with IV contrast (IA, 8 vs 23 sec; P < .001). Time to peak attenuation was similar between IA and IV contrast in the portal vein (IA, 38 vs IV, 42 sec, P = .25). IA administration achieved a superior contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in less time compared with IV (R2 = .94; P < .001). IA contrast achieved adequate opacification with less bolus broadening and a superior CNR compared with IV contrast while using a smaller contrast volume for directed organ-directed imaging.
Falsely elevated thyroid hormone levels associated with fibrin interference in patients receiving oral anticoagulant therapy
Authors: Tokumaru Mitsuaki , Ohba Kenji , Kashiwabara Yumiko , Takase Hiroyuki , Hayashi Chiga , Iwaki Takayuki , Suzuki Yasuhide , Matsushita Akio , Sasaki Shigekazu , Suda Takafumi , Maekawa Masato
Published: February 2023

Objective

Unique clinical courses were observed in two asymptomatic patients receiving warfarin who referred to our hospital because of suspected central hyperthyroidism. We eventually diagnosed these patients with falsely elevated thyroid hormone levels caused by macroscopically invisible fibrin. Although false results caused by fibrin interference in vitro have been identified in various immunoassays, especially in blood samples from patients receiving anticoagulant therapy, no studies on thyroid function testing have been reported. The experience in evaluating these cases prompted us to investigate the independent influence of oral anticoagulants via putative fibrin interference on thyroid function testing.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed known contributing factors that affect thyroid function testing including age, gender, medication history, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and the seasons of hospital visits from participants who presented the Department of Health Checkup between April 2010 and December 2020.

Results

A propensity-matched analysis revealed that the median serum free thyroxine levels under oral anticoagulant were significantly higher (17.9 pmol/L, n = 60) than those without anticoagulants (16.0 pmol/L, n = 60; p < 0.001). It was noted that this difference was the largest among contributing factors we analyzed. No significant differences were noted in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels.

Conclusions

We report two patients receiving warfarin with falsely elevated thyroid hormone levels caused by fibrin interference resembling central hyperthyroidism for the first time. Our retrospective study suggests that the medication status of oral anticoagulants should be considered when evaluating thyroid function tests.
Editorial: Crafting review and essay articles for Human Relations
Authors: Ogbonnaya Chidiebere , Brown Andrew D.
Published: February 2023

Human Relations has long welcomed different types of reviews – systematic reviews, meta-analyses, conceptual reviews, narrative reviews, historical reviews – and critical essays that are original, innovative, of high-quality and contribute to theory building in the social sciences. The main purpose of this essay is to sketch out our current broad expectations for reviews and essays as a guide for authors and reviewers. As Editors of the journal, we do not wish to be overly prescriptive. After all, reviews may be integrative and focus on synthesis and integration to generate new concepts, frameworks and perspectives, or they may be more problematizing and contribute by identifying problematics, tensions and contradictions in a literature. Furthermore, consonant with its heritage, Human Relations invites scholarship from all research traditions across the social sciences that focus on social relations at work. It is a pluralistic, heterodox journal that will continue to publish a range of reviews and critical essays so long as authors have clear objectives and contribute meaningfully to the field. This will generally involve writing reviews and essays that seek to maximize what we see and are sufficiently complex to deal adequately with the richness and variety of the literatures and ideas considered.
Case-based teaching of experimental design – contributions for meaningful learning
Authors: Franco Nuno H , Fry Derek J
Published: February 2023

This article argues the need for education and training of researchers carrying out animal studies on the fundamentals of experimental design (ED), as a key means of improving the reliability and reproducibility of preclinical results. The current landscape in ED education in Europe is presented, and we make the case for dedicated tutor-guided teaching of ED. With less than a day dedicated to it in many courses effective techniques for communicating key issues are needed. We have developed two approaches that transfer to experimental design teaching the case-study, problem-solving techniques known to be effective in other fields. They use realistic research scenarios to provoke discussion and engage learning. In one the scenario is for group discussion or informal or formal assessment with subsequent tutor-led discussion of key points. For this each scenario needs a clear statement of the purpose of the research study, simplified text outlining the comparisons and procedures, and a statement of the outcome measure. In the other approach, the scenario is used with freely-available software with a good graphical output to explore the sizing of experiments and the use of both sexes. Trainee feedback and informal assessment show that these approaches can make for interesting and memorable sessions and offer a useful contribution to improvement in experimental design teaching so that it produces meaningful learning that can translate into better practice.
Child abuse misdiagnosed as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: A case report
Authors: Madi Aya , Khanfri Leila , Agarrab Noura , Ait Boughima Fadila
Published: February 2023

Child abuse is a sensitive subject, and its diagnosis is sometimes difficult and requires awareness among physicians of the conditions that can mimic its symptoms.

We report the case of a child aged two years and eight months who, according to his mother, had suffered multiple traumas of accidental and spontaneous occurrence for which he was admitted several times to the Children's University Hospital Ibn Sina in Rabat.

The diagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome was made following the first skin biopsy. During the last admission, the child presented with a bleeding wound that raised the nursing team's doubts; hence, they requested a medico-legal opinion. Our examination confirmed a diagnosis of physical abuse.
Numerical simulation and experimental research of fiber motion in vortex spinning
Authors: Shang Shanshan , Liu Yuankun , Yu Zikai , Xin Binjie , Zheng Yuansheng , Ao Limin , Sun Guangwu , Yu Chongwen , Gong R Hugh
Published: February 2023

The application of high speed air flow in the textile field represents the frontier development direction in this field. However, the coupling mechanism between air flow and fiber is extremely complicated which greatly limits the development and application of new textile technologies. For this reason, this research study is intended to focus on the common cutting-edge basic scientific problem of the air-flow-fiber coupling mechanism, the vortex spinning technology is taken as a breakthrough point for research. Three-dimensional numerical models of air flow in vortex spinning nozzle and a free-end fiber were established. The hybrid grids including the structured hexahedral grids and the unstructured tetrahedral grids were used to divide the air-flow computational region, the realizable κ- ε model was used to solve the turbulent characteristics of air flow, and the wall function method was used to solve the air flow in the near wall region. The displacement and deformation of a single free-end fiber under the action of the air-flow force was solved by the second-order nonlinear double asymptotic method and interpolation method. The dynamic twist process of a free-end fiber was simulated in three-dimensional space by taking into account the fiber characteristics, such as straightening, bending, and torsion. In addition, a high magnification microscope was used to observe the free-end fiber motion during the spinning process. The results show that the numerical simulation is consistent with the experimental observation, proving that dynamic numerical simulation can solve difficult problems in the unobserved dynamic twisting process, and this deepens the understanding of the spinning mechanism in vortex spinning.
The Challenges of Caring for an Adult Child with Schizophrenia in the Family: An Analysis of the Lived Experiences of Older Parents
Authors: Sharifi Mehdi , Younesi Seyyed Jalal , Foroughan Mahshid , Safi Mohammad Hadi , Khanjani Mohammad Saeed
Published: February 2023

The present study aimed to investigate the lived experiences of older parents regarding the challenges in caring for adult children with schizophrenia. The current study was conducted on 16 parental (mother or father) caregivers of adult children with schizophrenia using a descriptive phenomenological qualitative approach and Colaizzi’s seven-step method. This study follows the Qualitative Research Checklist (COREQ). The findings showed that the parent caregivers’ experiences could be classified into two main themes: “burden of care” and “Negative attitude and inefficient performance.” The former consisted of three sub-themes including “disrupted social and family interactions,” “helplessness and inefficient support,” and “challenges of the healthcare system,” while the latter had two sub-themes including “Negative attitude and inefficient performance of the caregivers” and “Negative attitude and inefficient performance of families and society.” Older parents have to tolerate a significant burden of care due to their age and physical conditions. Improving the knowledge of specialists, the government's redoubled efforts in multifaceted support for patients and caregivers, creating an integrated team of specialists, and accepting and improving public attitudes against stigma and obvious discrimination in society as important priorities in improving the condition of caregivers and patients with schizophrenia were considered.
Working Hours and Fertility: The Impact of Nonstandard Work Schedules on Childbearing in France
Authors: Lambert Anne , Segú Mariona , Tiwari Chhavi
Published: February 2023

The relationship between nonstandard work schedules (NSWS) and fertility assumes prominence in developed countries that have witnessed a concerning decline in fertility and an increase in NSWS. Our study investigates the effect of different types of NSWS on women’s fertility in France. We use the Conditions de Travail (CT) panel dataset covering 4178 women of childbearing age in 2013, 2016, and 2019. Using fixed effect models, we find that working a nonstandard schedule decreases the propensity of a woman to have a new child. In addition, the result is primarily attributable to the first child compared to the second child. When assessing the different types of NSWS, we find that the negative effect of NSWS is stronger for the night schedule than the weekend, evening, and morning work. Finally, the implications of these findings are discussed related to work-life policies.
A Short History of the Consideration of Sex Differences in Biomedical Research — Lessons for the In Vitro Community from Animal Models and Human Clinical Trials
Authors: Gutleb Helena Niobe Renate , Gutleb Arno Christian
Published: February 2023

In recent decades, it has become clear that in many fields — such as drug development, particularly with regard to drug dosage and specific disease treatment — the sex of a patient must be taken into consideration, in view of the fact that male and female physiology and pathophysiology show many differences of practical concern. While, in the last decade or so, considerable efforts have been undertaken to consider the sex of the animals during the planning of experiments, this topic has just started to be acknowledged in in vitro studies. Cells in such studies seem mainly to be used according to their availability, without considering the sex of the original donor. Even when such information is available, experimental data are reported without overtly detailing this information. In recent years, the increasing complexity of in vitro models (e.g. stem cell-based, 3-D cultures, organoids, or organ-on-a-chip technologies) has contributed to systems that better resemble the human in vivo situation. However, the issue of the sex of the experimental organisms being used has not yet been properly taken up by the cell culture community. Thus, alongside the increasing complexity of multicell-type models, we now see in vitro models that incorporate cells from both male and female origin — this representing, in fact, a genetic chimaera. Here, we aim to discuss where we are currently, with respect to considering the sex of any animals or humans used in experiments, and we try to identify what is lacking in the cell culture field, in order to help facilitate change.
Walter Lippmann, Neoliberalism, and the Gathering Storm
Authors: Connolly William E.
Published: February 2023

Adapt!: On a New Political Imperative, by Barbara Stiegler, reveals how neoliberalism in the 1930s took the shape of an entire social philosophy; it also shows how her book must be updated today. As Stiegler reviews, Walter Lippmann insisted that major state and social institutions must be reformed to support neoliberal aims of capital priority and rapid growth, the primacy of technical experts, management of mass opinion to insulate those inviolable ends, and courts equipped with neoliberal jurisprudence and authority to secure the entire complex. Stiegler’s brilliance, however, falls below her discernment of new phases in this evolution. The last third of this paper explores the formation of supplements that intensify the regime. White triumphalism, spiritual callousness, denials of climate change, evasion of planetary circuits of imperial power, and aspirational fascism grow together in several countries as sacrosanct ends of neoliberal capitalism face inflows and obstacles its leaders can neither admit nor control.
Interview with Andreas Reckwitz: A Society of Singularities
Authors: Carleheden Mikael , Petersen Anders , Handreke Leon
Published: February 2023

This interview addresses Andreas Reckwitz’s main work, A Society of Singularities, but puts it in relation to his earlier and later writings. It starts with the strong and broad reception of this work in Germany. Next, it turns to how his understanding of the transformation of the social logics of modernity is related to other sociological understandings. In this way, the crucial distinctions of his work between the general and the particular, between formal rationalisation and culturalisation, are thematised. The next part addresses Reckwitz’s Foucault-inspired concept of critique and his understanding of the relation between theoretical and empirical work. The interview then goes on to the transformation of class structure, which is understood in terms of a culturalisation of inequality. The interview ends with a section about the kind of sufferings and problems that are typical of the present age, and how they might affect social transformation.
The Society to Come
Authors: Corrêa Diogo Silva
Published: February 2023

La Société qui vient [The Society to Come], a book edited by Princeton professor and current holder of the Chair of Public Health at the Collège de France, Didier Fassin, cannot be accused of sinning by modesty. This is a collective work of more than 1300 pages, grouped in seven parts and comprising no fewer than 64 chapters. Each chapter is devoted to a fundamental question of our present time and is written by an author who is an expert in her or his domain or field of research. Each of the first six parts deals with a set of broad themes of general interest: ‘challenges ( enjeux), policies, worlds, inequalities, recognition and exploitation’. A seventh, final, and non-thematic part is free of a prior theme and is composed of non-French authors.
Shared genetics and causal relationships between migraine and thyroid function traits
Authors: Tasnim Sana , Wilson Scott G , Walsh John P , Nyholt Dale R ,   The International Headache Genetics Consortium (IHGC)
Published: February 2023

Background

Epidemiological studies have reported a comorbid relationship between migraine and thyroid dysfunction.

Methods

We investigated the genetic relationship between migraine and thyroid function traits using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data.

Results

We found a significant genetic correlation ( rg) with migraine for hypothyroidism ( rg = 0.0608), secondary hypothyroidism ( rg = 0.195), free thyroxine (fT4) ( rg = 0.0772), and hyperthyroidism ( rg = –0.1046), but not thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Pairwise GWAS analysis revealed two shared loci with TSH and 11 shared loci with fT4. Cross-trait GWAS meta-analysis of migraine identified novel genome-wide significant loci: 17 with hypothyroidism, one with hyperthyroidism, five with secondary hypothyroidism, eight with TSH, and 15 with fT4. Of the genes at these loci, six ( RERE, TGFB2, APLF, SLC9B1, SGTB, BTBD16; migraine + hypothyroidism), three ( GADD45A, PFDN1, RSPH6A; migraine + TSH), and three ( SSBP3, BRD3, TEF; migraine + fT4) were significant in our gene-based analysis ( pFisher’s combined P-value < 2.04 × 10−6). In addition, causal analyses suggested a negative causal relationship between migraine and hyperthyroidism ( p = 8.90 × 10−3) and a positive causal relationship between migraine and secondary hypothyroidism ( p = 1.30 × 10−3).

Conclusion

These findings provide strong evidence for genetic correlation and suggest complex causal relationships between migraine and thyroid traits.
Efficacy of rimegepant for the acute treatment of migraine based on triptan treatment experience: Pooled results from three phase 3 randomized clinical trials
Authors: Lipton Richard B , Blumenfeld Andrew , Jensen Christopher M , Croop Robert , Thiry Alexandra , L’Italien Gilbert , Morris Beth A , Coric Vladimir , Goadsby Peter J
Published: February 2023

Background

This post-hoc analysis from three phase 3 treatment trials of rimegepant 75 mg — an oral small molecule calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist for acute and preventive treatment of migraine — assessed efficacy in adults with migraine based on triptan treatment experience.

Methods

Participants were assigned to one of four groups based on triptan treatment experience: insufficient response (e.g. lack of efficacy and/or poor tolerability) to 1 triptan, insufficient response to ≥2 triptans, current triptan users, and triptan-naïve participants. The co-primary efficacy endpoints were pain freedom and most bothersome symptom freedom at two hours postdose.

Results

In the three trials (N = 3507; rimegepant n = 1749, placebo n = 1758), 1235 (35.2%) participants had a history of insufficient response to 1 triptan (n = 910 [25.9%]) or ≥2 triptans (n = 325 [9.3%]), and 2272 (64.8%) had no history of insufficient response to triptans (current use = 595 [17.0%], naïve = 1677 [47.8%]). Rimegepant was effective on the co-primary endpoints in all subgroups ( p ≤ 0.013), except for freedom from the most bothersome symptom in the triptan-naïve group ( p = 0.06). No differences on co-primary endpoints were found in pairwise comparisons of rimegepant-treated participants.

Conclusions

Rimegepant was effective for the acute treatment of migraine in adults with a history of insufficient response to 1 or ≥2 triptans and in current triptan users. Efficacy on co-primary endpoints did not differ based on the number of insufficient triptan responses. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03235479, NCT03237845, NCT03461757
“Libraries model sustainability”: The results of an OCLC survey on library contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals1
Authors: Connaway Lynn Silipigni , Doyle Brooke , Cyr Christopher , Gallagher Peggy , Cantrell Joanne
Published: February 2023

A survey of more than 1700 library staff worldwide identifies how libraries contribute to five of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The similarities between academic and public libraries’ adoption, contribution, and use of the Sustainable Development Goals are reported. The results indicate that library staff do substantial work around all five of the selected Sustainable Development Goals. Sometimes the activities are a result of integrating the Sustainable Development Goals into strategic planning, but at other times the activities are a result of programming that library staff undertake as part of their mission. The majority of the respondents have not incorporated the Sustainable Development Goals into their strategic planning. However, the libraries’ support of the Sustainable Development Goals is demonstrated by the activities the library staff are engaged with and the respondents’ comments. The activities identified here can be used to inform library strategic planning and to help library staff maximize their library’s impact on sustainable development.
Shifting Mobility Behaviors in Unprecedented Times: A Multigroup MIMIC Model Investigating Intentions to Use On-Demand Ride Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Said Maher , Soria Jason , Stathopoulos Amanda
Published: February 2023

The spread of COVID-19 has been a major disruptive force in people’s everyday lives and mobility behavior. The demand for on-demand ride services, such as taxis and ridehailing, has been specifically affected given both restrictions in service operations and users’ concerns about virus transmission in shared vehicles. In the early months of the pandemic, demand for these modes decreased by as much as 80%. This study examines intentions to use on-demand ride services in the early lockdown stage of the pandemic in the United States, a period of unprecedented mobility reductions, changing household routines and transforming travel behaviors. Using data from a survey disseminated in June 2020 to 700 U.S. respondents, we use multigroup MIMIC (Multiple Indicator Multiple Cause) models to investigate the stated shift in intentions to use on-demand modes of travel. By using group-based segmentation we control for variation in ridership intentions according to personal, household, attitudinal factors, and pandemic experiences. The results point to a reduction across the board in the likelihood of using on-demand mobility associated with a significant COVID-19 effect. Beyond this general decrease, several groups are found to have more positive intentions, including younger adults, urban residents, graduate-degree holders, and people of Hispanic, Latino, Asian, and Pacific Islander ethnicities/races. The attitudinal effect of “tech-savviness” drives higher user intentions, revealing indirect effects of gender, education, and age. Multigroup analysis provides further evidence of potential COVID-triggered shifts in on-demand ridership intentions. The most significant drops in likelihood are observed for younger respondents (below 45), Black compared with all other racial/ethnic status, and for past users of on-demand mobility. This latter result is somewhat surprising, as riders who are younger and more experienced with on-demand travel are more likely to have been users in the past, but also more likely to reduce use during the pandemic. To conclude, we discuss the need to investigate pandemic experiences, risk attitudes, and circumstances to understand evolving mobility behavior and specific service model impacts.
Transit Benefit Index: A Comprehensive Index for Capturing Externalities in Transit Planning
Authors: Rendel Rudi Alexander , Bachmann Chris
Published: February 2023

This research provides a methodology for estimating the total societal benefit generated from substituting private vehicle trips with public transportation trips. The external costs of private and public transportation were estimated using a base case travel demand model and then a mode shift was simulated to calculate the effects of shifting one full transit unit (e.g., bus) of demand from a private to public mode. This shift was performed for all origin–destination (O-D) pairs in a region to find the O-D pairs that resulted in the greatest net benefit. These benefits were then normalized using the total automobile vehicle kilometers traveled removed from the network to generate a “transit benefit index.” This methodology was applied to a case study of the city of Bogotá, Colombia. A total of 102 scenarios were simulated: a 2 in base case, and 10 total sensitivity analyses, each including two transit provision alternatives. The results were contrasted with the cost of a new transit unit—a new bus in this case—revealing that the total economic benefit derived from 1 year of increased transit ridership was larger than the financial cost of a new bus to the transit operator. These results suggest that the City of Bogotá should consider further subsidies to transit fares to increase ridership and mitigate externalities.
The gaming of citation and authorship in academic journals: a warning from medicine
Authors: Macdonald Stuart
Published: February 2023

The use of quantitative performance indicators to measure quality in academic publishing has undercut peer review’s qualitative assessment of articles submitted to journals. The two might have co-existed quite amicably were the most common indicator, citation, on which the journal impact factor is based, not been so susceptible to gaming. Gaming of citations is ubiquitous in academic publishing and referees are powerless to prevent it. The article gives some indication of how the citation game is played. It then moves on from academic publishing in general to look at academic publishing in medicine, a discipline in which authorship is also gamed. Many authors in medicine have made no meaningful contribution to the article that bears their names, and those who have contributed most are often not named as authors. Author slots are openly bought and sold. The problem is magnified by the academic publishing industry and by academic institutions, pleased to pretend that peer review is safeguarding scholarship. In complete contrast, the editors of medicine’s leading journals are scathing about just how ineffectual is peer review in medicine. Other disciplines should take note lest they fall into the mire in which medicine is sinking.
The analysis of frictional rolling contact behavior and key affecting factors on uneven wear in a switch panel
Authors: Gao Yuan , Wang Shuoguo , Si Daolin , Xu Jingmang
Published: February 2023

To analyze the wheel-rail frictional rolling contact solutions and uneven wear in a switch panel, the wheel-rail frictional rolling contact model based on explicit integral algorithm considering coupling effect of structural vibration and contact mechanics, arbitrary contact geometry and nonlinear material is established. Then the wheel-rail explicit dynamics theory, unrepeatable saturated design, wear prediction method and data statistical processing methods are integrated as a method to figure out the key affecting factors, recognizing the influence of key factors on wheel-rail contact behavior and uneven wear in switch panel, including the contact force, the instantaneous and drastic changes of size, stress and microslip in contact patch and the distribution and magnitude of wear. The results of numerical simulations can provide guidance for investigation of contact mechanism and understanding of rail maintenance in switch panel.
Investigation of turbulent flow in vortex cold-wall combustion chamber under different spark ignition times
Authors: Zeng Zhuoxiong , Wu Ruibing
Published: February 2023

Hydrogen is used as vortex working medium, a new structure of vortex cold-wall combustion chamber was adopted. Numerical investigation was performed to analyze the turbulent flow under different spark starting times, 2 ms (case 1), 3 ms (case 2), 4 ms (case 3) and 5 ms (case 4). The result shows that in the cold state, a process of disturbance growth and double vortex structure formation is emerged. Except for case 1, the other three cases can successfully ignite the gas mixture in the combustion chamber, the larger the spark ignition time, the greater the probability of successful ignition, the shorter the ignition delay time, and the bigger the pressure peak. For these cases with successful ignition, the flame is mainly concentrated in the inner vortex area, the temperature variation is basically similar, but specie OH shows different variation trend. Considering the probability of successful ignition, ignition delay time and combustion stability, the spark is suitable to start at 3 ms.
In What Sense Does Right-Wing Populism Pose a Democratic Challenge for the European Union?
Authors: Fossum John Erik
Published: February 2023

What kind of challenge is right-wing populism for the European Union (EU)? The EU has been frequently criticized by populists and non-populists alike for being a remote technocracy that suffers from serious democratic defects. Democratization relies on popular (and system insider) feedback, to spell out where the shortcomings are, and how these can be rectified. Does populism play this role—is it capable of playing this role—in the EU today? I discuss that under three headings: (1) Is populism a democratizing challenge for the EU? (2) Is populism a democratic challenge for the EU? (3) Is populism an existential threat to the EU? The article finds that populists dismiss the prospects for EU democracy and espouse conceptions of people, community, and values that are out of synch with the EU. Today's populists appear less concerned with abolishing the EU and more bent on altering it to serve their ends.
A survey of Australian psychiatrists’ and psychiatry trainees’ knowledge of and attitudes towards psychedelics in the treatment of psychiatric disorders
Authors: Grover Cameron , Monds Lauren , Montebello Mark
Published: February 2023

Objective

To assess Australian psychiatrists’ and psychiatry trainees’ knowledge of and attitudes towards psychedelics as treatment for psychiatric disorders.

Method

Australian members of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists were invited to participate in an anonymous survey that ran from October 1 to November 30 2021. Participants were asked about their knowledge of the risks and benefits of, and attitudes towards, psychedelics, including the factors that influence those attitudes.

Results

Fifty-one doctors responded to the survey, and 38 completed all items. The majority were male, consultants and based primarily in New South Wales. Respondents reported awareness of the evidence demonstrating the benefits of psychedelics for most disorders; however most respondents, particularly females, perceived psychedelics as risky. Most considered themselves open-minded and believed psychedelics deserved further research.

Conclusions

The poor response rate was a major limitation of this study. Our sample of Australian psychiatrists and trainees were enthusiastic about psychedelics as psychiatric treatment and were aware of some of the evidence demonstrating their efficacy. Safety continues to be a concern, despite growing evidence of their safety in therapeutic settings. Education about the evidence of their efficacy and the risks associated with their use is needed.
How Using Parental Control Software Can Enhance Parents’ Well-Being: The Role of Product Features on Parental Efficacy and Stress
Authors: Bertrandias Laurent , Bernard Yohan , Elgaaied-Gambier Leila
Published: February 2023

Today, children's smartphone overuse and digital addiction are among parents’ top concerns. To address this issue, technology firms have developed services to help parents monitor their children's screen time. The literature on the impact of parental control tends to focus on the well-being of children, often overlooking the effects of parenting control on the well-being of parents themselves. This research investigates the psychological outcomes associated with delegating parental control to software. The authors conducted two surveys and three experiments among samples of parents in France and the United Kingdom. The results show that resorting to digitally assisted control improves anticipated well-being by decreasing role overload and increasing parental efficacy (Study 1). Moreover, product features play a critical role: software designs that promote children's autonomy (Study 2) or product autonomy (Study 3) tend to be less effective in improving parents’ anticipated well-being. Implications for technology companies are discussed.
Peptic Ulcer Disease Following Use of Bupropion: A Case Report
Authors: Momayez Sanat Zahra , Mohammadi Ganjaroudi Negar , Pirsalehi Ali
Published: February 2023

Background:

Bupropion is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, which is prescribed as an effective drug for the treatment of depression and as a complementary drug for smoking cessation in more than 50 countries. Although constipation and nausea are known as side effects of Bupropion, gastric ulcer has not been previously reported.

Case presentation:

In this case report a 28-year-old woman presented with a gastric ulcer 8 months after beginning depression treatment with Bupropion 150 mg once daily. Pantoprazole and Famotidine were prescribed to the patient. However, the gastric ulcer did not heal. After discontinuation of Bupropion, the gastric ulcer was treated.

Conclusion:

The present case report suggests that Bupropion may lead to peptic ulcers or this drug interferes with the treatment of gastric ulcers.
Whole blood administration within USCENTCOM
Authors: Hall Andrew B. , Qureshi Iram , Wilson Ramey , Shackelford Stacy , King Leron B. , Kuper Joshua , Timby Jeffrey , Gross Kirby , Cardin Sylvain
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Blood product use by the U.S. military has evolved during the conflicts in the U.S. Central Command's area of responsibility to become the preferred resuscitative fluid for damage control procedures. This study evaluates the transition to a whole blood-based trauma system over the past 5 years.

Methods

Patients who received blood product transfusion within USCENTCOM between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2021, were identified from the Medical Situational Awareness in Theater (MSAT) blood reports. Transfusion recipients were categorized as recipients of whole blood only, component therapy only, or mixed therapy. The type of transfusions, number of recipients, number of available blood products were compared over the 5-year period.

Results

A total of 1762 unique patients were included. Of this population, 220 (12.5%) received whole blood only, 1196 (68.9%) received component therapy, and 346 (19.6%) received mixed therapy. The monthly proportion of individuals receiving whole blood (only or mixed) significantly increased over the 5-year period ( p < .0001). The number of individuals requiring transfusions over this same period decreased significantly ( p < .0001). Individuals receiving component therapy (only or mixed) were transfused component platelets 15.7% of the time. The mean and median number of units required per patient receiving whole blood was 2.39 and 1 unit of blood respectively (IQR 1.0–2.5).

Conclusion

Whole blood use increased significantly within USCENTCOM's AOR secondary to increased supply and low clinical requirement. Without a long-lasting platelet component, component therapy cannot be expected to provide a balanced therapy to casualties in remote locations.
Comparative study of virulence factor genes, β-hemolysis and biofilm production in invasive and colonizing enterococci
Authors: Jovanović Milica , Velebit Branko , Tošić Tanja , Maki Gina , Pavić Sladjana , Jovanović Snežana , Stošović Rajica , Zervos Marcus J
Published: February 2023

Objectives: In humans, enterococci are among the most important opportunistic pathogens. This study aims to compare invasive isolates obtained from blood cultures of patients with sepsis and endocarditis with colonizing isolates obtained from healthy donors’ stool samples.

Methods: A case-by-case assessment was conducted on invasive infection cases to determine whether enterococci were involved in their pathogenesis. They were tested for the presence of virulence factor genes, β-hemolysis on agars supplemented with human and sheep blood, and biofilm forming capacity.

Results: Three species of enterococci were identified among invasive isolates: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus durans. All endocarditis isolates were biofilm producers. Genes esp, gelE, asa1, ace, hyl, cylB, and cylA were present in 7 (41.2%), 11 (64.7%), 11 (64.7%), 13 (76.5%), 0, 3 (17.6%), and 1 (5.9%) invasive isolate, but none of them could be linked to a particular infection (sepsis or endocarditis). Colonizing isolates proved to have had more virulence factor genes, but the differences were not statistically significant. Members of that group produced a greater amount of biofilm when the ace gene was absent ( p = 0.047). The production of β-hemolysis by noninvasive strains was detected more frequently when agar was supplemented with human blood ( p = 0.021). In general, the presence of either cyl gene on that specific agar was in direct connection with the production of β-hemolysis: cylA ( p = 0.047) or cylB ( p = 0.020).

Conclusion: We have been unable to establish any correlation between invasive isolates and any virulence gene carriage and biofilm formation. β-hemolysis was produced significantly more often by colonizing strains when agar had been supplemented with human blood.