bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of cell necrosis with sequential temperature mapping after radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Rempp Hansjörg , Clasen Stephan , Boss Andreas , Roland Jörg , Kickhefel Antje , Schraml Christina , Claussen Claus D. , Schick Fritz , Pereira Philippe L.
Published: July 2009

Purpose

To assess the feasibility of magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry after thermoablative therapy and to quantitatively evaluate the ability of two sequence types to predict cell necrosis.

Methods

Twenty patients with hepatic tumors were treated by MR‐guided radiofrequency ablation. For each 10 patients, postinterventionally performed gradient echo and segmented echo planar imaging sequences were used to calculate temperature maps based on the proton resonance frequency shift method. Contrast‐enhanced images acquired 1 month after therapy were registered on the temperature maps and the necrotic, nonenhanced area was segmented and compared to the area with a displayed temperature above 60°C. Sensitivity and positive predictive value of the temperature map was calculated, using the follow‐up imaging as the gold standard.

Results

Temperature mapping reached acceptable image quality in 45/47 cases. Sensitivity, ie, the rate of correctly detected coagulated tissue was 0.82 ± 0.08 for the gradient echo imaging (GRE) sequence and 0.81 ± 0.14 for the echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence. Positive predictive value, ie, the rate of voxel in the temperature map over 60°C that actually developed necrosis, was 0.90 ± 0.07 for the GRE sequence and 0.84 ± 0.11 for the EPI sequence.

Conclusion

Sequential MR temperature mapping allows for the prediction of the coagulation zone with an acceptable sensitivity and positive predictive value using EPI and GRE sequences. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of new metabolites from in vivo biotransformation of 2‐amino‐ 3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline in mouse by mass spectrometry
Authors: Hsu Fong‐Fu , Lakshmi Vijaya M. , Zenser Terry V.
Published: July 2009

In studying the metabolic pathways underlying the mechanism of carcinogenesis of the heterocyclic amine of 2‐amino‐3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline (IQ), we recently found a new metabolite which gave an [M + H]+ ion of m/z 217 when subjected to electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive‐ion mode. Following ip injection of this metabolite of m/z 217 (designated as m/z 217) to beta‐naphthoflavone‐treated mice, 57% of the total radioactivity was recovered in a 24‐h mouse urine sample. HPLC separation followed by MS analysis indicates that the urine sample contained m/z 217 (36 ± 3% of total recovered radioactivity) and two other peaks that gave rise to the [M + H]+ ions of m/z 393 (31 ± 4%, designated as m/z 393) and m/z 233 (14 ± 1%, designated as m/z 233). Beta‐glucuronidase treatment of m/z 393 resulted in a radioactive peak corresponding to m/z 217. ESI in combination with various mass spectrometry techniques, including multiple‐stage mass spectrometry, exact mass measurements and H/D exchange followed by tandem mass spectrometry, was used for structural characterization. The urinary metabolites of m/z 217, 393 and 233 were identified as 1,2‐dihydro‐2‐amino‐5‐hydroxy‐3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline, 1,2‐dihydro‐2‐amino‐5‐O‐glucuronide‐3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline and 1,2‐dihydro‐2‐amino‐5,7‐dihydroxy‐3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline, respectively. Our results demonstrated that m/z 217 is biotransformed in vivo to m/z 393 by O‐glucuronidation and to m/z 233 by oxidation. The observation of these more polar metabolites relative to IQ suggests that they may arise from a previously undescribed detoxicification pathway. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interdecadal variation of tropical cyclone making landfall over the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Choi Ki‐Seon , Kim Baek‐Jo , Kim Do‐Woo , Byun Hi‐Ryong
Published: July 2009

The results from applying indices for the accumulated cyclone energy and the total movement to the change‐point analysis showed that depending on the frequency of the tropical cyclone (TC) over the Korean Peninsula for the past 54 years, the results could be categorised into three different categories: High‐frequency period‐1 (1951–1965), low‐frequency period (1966–1985), and high‐frequency period‐2 (1986–2004). During the second high‐frequency period, there were three distinct recorded changes. First, compared to the other two periods, majority of the TC occurred in the southeastern regions. Second, the TC track and recurving location shifted to the east. Therefore, the total number of TCs passing mainland China had reduced whereas the number of TCs moving across the eastern shores of mainland China showed a relative increase. In addition, the key landing area on the Korean Peninsula shifted from the western coastlines to the southern coastlines. Third, the TC intensity increased, which could be attributed to the fact that the new TCs migrated over the sea rather than moving over mainland China. Finally, these series of changes resulted in the intensification of the monsoon trough in the eastern region compared to the other two periods, as well as the synoptic characteristics preventing the westward expansion of the western North Pacific high (WNPH). Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Age‐ and sex‐related changes of humeral head microarchitecture: Histomorphometric analysis of 60 human specimens
Authors: Barvencik Florian , Gebauer Matthias , Beil Frank Timo , Vettorazzi Eik , Mumme Marcus , Rupprecht Martin , Pogoda Pia , Wegscheider Karl , Rueger Johannes M. , Pueschel Klaus , Amling Michael
Published: July 2009

Fractures of the humeral head are frequent and will further increase due to demographic changes. Prior to operative fracture treatment, the regional differences of bone quality, especially of elderly people, have to be carefully considered to assure stable implant fixation. However, conclusive data concerning the variation of histomorphometric parameters are still lacking. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to analyze the age‐ and sex‐related changes in bone microarchitecture. For that reason, 60 proximal humeri were harvested from patients at autopsy. Twelve regions of interest (ROI) were defined for each centered coronar humeral head slice and the specimens were subjected to radiographic, histological, and histomorphometric analyses. We could demonstrate that in contrast to men, women over 60 years of age had a significant age‐related decrease in bone mass. The most prominent decrease was observed in the region of the greater tuberosity, which represents an osteoporotic fracture site. The most superior and medially located part of the centered coronar humeral head slice showed, independent from age and sex, the highest bone mass and can therefore be considered as the best location for subchondral screw placement. Taken together, our study revealed distinct sex‐related changes of the humeral head bone microarchitecture with aging, which should be considered in implant positioning. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:18–26, 2010
LC‐MS/MS method for the determination of melamine in rat plasma: Toxicokinetic study in Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Yang Feng , Mao Yu , Zhang Xiaodong , Ma Zhiqiang , Zhang Xinrong
Published: July 2009

Most recently, melamine has raised international concern for its catastrophic health effects stemming from tainted infant formula. So far there is limited information concerning the pharmacokinetics of melamine in mammals. The present report concerns the development and validation of a sensitive HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS method for the pharmacokinetic study of melamine in rat. The method employed a simple liquid–liquid extraction process for plasma sample cleanup, and the extraction recoveries of melamine from plasma were consistent at different concentrations. There was a linear relationship between chromatographic area and concentration over the range of 10–5000 ng/mL for melamine in plasma (R = 0.995). In this work, for the first time, melamine was administered intravenously and orally to Sprague–Dawley rats and the pharmacokinetic characteristics of this contaminant were investigated. The mean values of major pharmacokinetic parameters of oral availability, the mean steady‐state distribution volume (Vss), clearance, and plasma elimination half‐life (T1/2) of melamine in Sprague–Dawley rats were 72.9 ± 13.2%, 102.5 ± 12.5 mL/kg, 20.1 ± 3.8 mL/h/kg, and 4.9 ± 0.5 h, respectively. The rats pharmacokinetic study results suggested that melamine was predominantly restricted to blood or extracellular fluid and is not extensively distributed to most organ tissues. Meanwhile, melamine should be primarily eliminated by renal filtration for rats and does not undergo significant metabolism. These data should be useful to regulatory for risk assessment.
Static and dynamic superheated water extraction of essential oil components from Thymus vulgaris L.
Authors: Dawidowicz Andrzej L. , Rado Ewelina , Wianowska Dorota
Published: July 2009

Superheated water extraction (SWE) performed in both static and dynamic condition (S‐SWE and D‐SWE, respectively) was applied for the extraction of essential oil from Thymus vulgaris L. The influence of extraction pressure, temperature, time, and flow rate on the total yield of essential oil and the influence of extraction temperature on the extraction of some chosen components are discussed in the paper. The SWE extracts are related to PLE extracts with n‐hexane and essential oil obtained by steam distillation. The superheated water extraction in dynamic condition seems to be a feasible option for the extraction of essential oil components from T. vulgaris L.
Evaluation of silica monoliths in affinity microcolumns for high‐throughput analysis of drug–protein interactions
Authors: Yoo Michelle J. , Hage David S.
Published: July 2009

Silica monoliths in affinity microcolumns were tested for the high‐throughput analysis of drug–protein interactions. HSA was used as a model protein for this work, while carbamazepine and R‐warfarin were used as model analytes. A comparison of HSA silica monoliths of various lengths indicated columns as short as 1 to 3 mm could be used to provide reproducible estimates of retention factors or plate heights. Benefits of using smaller columns for this work included the lower retention times and lower back pressures that could be obtained versus traditional HPLC affinity columns, as well as the smaller amount of protein that is required for column preparation. One disadvantage of decreasing column length was the lower precision that resulted in retention factor and plate height measurements. A comparison was also made between microcolumns containing silica particles versus silica monoliths. It was demonstrated with R‐warfarin that supports could be used in HSA microcolumns for the determination of retention factors or plate heights. However, the higher efficiency of the silica monolith made this the preferred support for work at higher flow rates or when a larger number of plates are needed during the rapid analysis of drug–protein interactions.
New Thermosets Obtained by Thermal and UV‐Induced Cationic Copolymerization of DGEBA with 4‐Phenyl‐γ‐butyrolactone
Authors: Fernández‐Francos Xavier , Salla Josep M. , Pérez Guillermo , Mantecón Ana , Serra Àngels , Ramis Xavier
Published: July 2009

Mixtures of DGEBA with 4‐phenyl‐γ‐butyrolactone (PhBL) were cationically copolymerized in the presence of ytterbium triflate or triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimoniate as thermal or photo initiator respectively. Changes during curing and final properties of the cured materials were studied by means of DSC, FT‐IR/ATR, TMA, DMTA, TGA and densitometric measurements. The formation of a network containing polyether and poly(ether‐ester) moieties was demonstrated to take place through the ring‐opening polymerization of a spiroorthoester intermediate (SOE) formed during the copolymerization. An increase in the proportion of lactone resulted in an increase in the curing rate, a decrease in the shrinkage after gelation and in the thermal stability and glass transition temperature (Tg). A strong influence of the initiator on the curing mechanism was observed. As a consequence, the photocured materials exhibited superior thermal stability and Tg than those obtained thermally.

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The Influence of Reaction Conditions on the Copolymer Composition in Inverse Miniemulsion
Authors: Wiechers Susann , Schmidt‐Naake Gudrun
Published: July 2009

Summary: Water‐soluble poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane‐1‐sulfonic acid‐co‐1‐vinylimidazole) (P(AMPS‐co‐1‐VIm)) and poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane‐1‐sulfonic acid‐co‐2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (P(AMPS‐co‐DAMA)) are studied as it is known that the copolymer composition is affected by pH of the monomer phase in inverse miniemulsion. The distribution of the basic monomers in the continuous and dispersed phase changes due to their degrees of protonation. The amounts of the monomers in the cyclohexane phase is determined by gas chromatography, the copolymer composition is studied by elemental and thermogravimetric analysis. An insight into the monomer distribution in the polymer is provided by simultaneous potentiometric and conductometric titration of polymer solutions.
New Biocompatible Microgels
Authors: Imaz Ainara , Forcada Jacqueline
Published: July 2009

Summary: Microgel particles have received an increasing interest in the biomedical field. Temperature‐sensitive microgels gained particular interest due to their potential use as controlled drug delivery systems. With the objective to produce new thermoresponsive biocompatible microgels, the synthesis and characterization of two families of microgel particles obtained by using N‐vinylcaprolactam (VCL) as main monomer and N,N′‐methylenbisacrylamide (BA) or poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) as crosslinkers are described. Evidence of hydrolysis VCL during polymerization is also presented.
Oxygen Diffusion into Polymer‐Clay Composite Films as a Function of Clay Content and Temperature
Authors: Uğur Şaziye , Yargi Önder , Elaissari Abdelhamid , Pekcan Önder
Published: July 2009

Summary: A simple fluorescence technique is proposed for the measurement of the diffusion coefficient of oxygen into polystyrene‐clay composite films as a function of clay content and temperature. The composite films were prepared from a mixture of surfactant‐free pyrene‐labeled polystyrene latexes and modified Na‐montmorillonite clay of various compositions at room temperature. Diffusion measurements were performed with films at room temperature for seven different clay contents (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 and 60 wt.%). The diffusion coefficients of oxygen increased from 7.4 × 10−10 to 26.9 × 10−10 cm2s−1 with increasing clay content. On the other hand, diffusion measurements were performed over a temperature range of 25–70 °C for 0, 5 and 20 wt.% clay content films. The calculated diffusion activation energies decreased from 2.44 to 0.44 kcal/mol with increasing clay content. No clay content and temperature effects were observed on quenching rate constant and mutual diffusion coefficient values. The results showed that the diffusion coefficients are strongly dependent on both the temperature and clay content in the film.
Investigation of Water‐Based Emulsions: Surface and Film‐Forming Properties
Authors: Tigci Yelda , Sarac Ayfer
Published: July 2009

Summary: In the present study, reaction components such as emulsifiers, emulsifier combinations, and initiators were used for the particle stabilization of water‐borne vinyl acetate ‐ butyl acrylate copolymer latexes. The effects of these parameters on the colloidal film‐forming properties of the vinyl acetate‐co‐butyl acrylate latex colloidal, physicochemical, surface, and film forming properties were investigated, in particular the aspect of their surface coating applications.
Macromol. Symp. 281
Authors: Elaissari Abdelhamid
Published: July 2009

Cover: The “48th Microsymposium: Polymer Colloids: From Design to Biomedical and Industrial Applications” was held in Prague in July 20–24, 2008. The covers shows the stepwise preparation of structured magnetic latex particles and is from the article by A. Elaissari, p. 14.
GLUT1 gene mutations cause sporadic paroxysmal exercise‐induced dyskinesias
Authors: Schneider Susanne A. , Paisan‐Ruiz Coro , Garcia‐Gorostiaga Ines , Quinn Niall P. , Weber Yvonne G. , Lerche Holger , Hardy John , Bhatia Kailash P.
Published: July 2009

Paroxysmal exercise‐induced dyskinesias (PED) are involuntary intermittent movements triggered by prolonged physical exertion. Autosomal dominant inheritance may occur. Recently, mutations in the glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) gene (chr. 1p35–p31.3) have been identified as a cause in some patients with autosomal dominant PED. Mutations in this gene have previously been associated with the GLUT1 deficiency syndrome. We performed mutational analysis in 10 patients with apparently sporadic PED. We identified two novel GLUT1 mutations, at least one likely to be de‐novo, in two of our patients. Onset was in early childhood. One of our patients had a predating history of childhood absence epilepsy and a current history of hemiplegic migraine as well as a family history of migraine. The other patient had no other symptoms apart from PED. Brain MRI showed cerebellar atrophy in one case. Mutations in GLUT1 are one cause of apparently sporadic PED. The detection of this has important implications for treatment as ketogenic diet has been reported to be beneficial. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
A novel LTCC multilayer SIW linear phase filter
Authors: Shen Wei , Yin Wen‐Yan , Sun Xiao‐Wei , Wei Qi‐Fu
Published: July 2009

In this article, a novel multilayer substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) linear phase filter is proposed. Four SIW cavities are placed in two layers based on a standard low temperature cofired ceramic technology. Neural network is used to improve the efficiency of design. One slot which is etched on the top metal layer of SIW cavity is adopted to suppress the first high mode. Flat group delay characteristics can be achieved in the filter that has a rejection level of −25 dB in upper stopband. The filter has a 55% area reduction in comparison with planar structure. Good agreement is acquired between measured and simulated results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2357–2360, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24595
Dual‐band‐rejection filter based on split ring resonator (SRR) and complimentary SRR
Authors: Hu Xin , Zhang Qiaoli , He Sailing
Published: July 2009

A novel concept of a compact, low insertion‐loss dual‐band‐rejection filter (DBRF) is proposed, and its equivalent circuit model is given. The filter consists of single split ring resonators (SRRs) on the top of the host microstrip line and Complimentary SRR etched on the back ground plane. The dimensions of the structure are as small as 1.4 cm × 2 cm, while high frequency selectivity is achieved at both band edges due to the presence of two transmission zeros. The filter has an insertion loss of better than 1 dB, a return loss of larger than 10 dB in the passband from 3.3 to 4.0 GHz, and two rejections of greater than 30 dB within 2.5–2.6 and 5.2–5.6 GHz. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2519–2522, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24596
Size efficient low‐noise amplifier for 2.4 GHz ISM‐band transceiver
Authors: Jhon Hee‐Sauk , Jung Hakchul , Jeon Jongwook , Koo MinSuk , Park Byung‐Gook , Lee Jong Duk , Shin Hyungcheol
Published: July 2009

This letter presents the implementation technique to reduce circuit area in designing 2.4 GHz CMOS low‐noise amplifier (LNA) using size efficient inductors. We applied a vertically shunt (M6/M5) and a 3‐D helical inductor to input and output matching network to obtain low noise figure and to save silicon area, simultaneously. Because these inductors have smaller area occupation, overall Si area was reduced. Moreover, the feedback capacitor, Cf is used to compensate the gain degradation from the high resistive 3‐D helical inductor at the LNA output stage. The proposed LNA has a gain of 12.5 dB, noise figure (NF) of 2.72 dB, and −5 dBm IIP3, whereas dissipating 5.3 mA from 1.5 V supply. Without any degradation in terms of circuit performance, the size of proposed LNA is reduced by 49.5% compared with that using the conventional asymmetric inductors. For low cost, the LNA has been fabricated using a 0.18 μm mixed‐signal CMOS process with top metal thickness of 0.84 μm. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2304–2308, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24600
Multiwavelength ytterbium‐doped fiber ring laser
Authors: Moghaddam M. R. A. , Harun S. W. , Paul M. C. , Pal M. , Dhar A. , Sen R. , Das S. , Bhadra S. K. , Ahmad H.
Published: July 2009

A multiwavelength Ytterbium‐doped fiber ring laser operating at 1030 nm region is demonstrated using a Sagnac loop mirror. The Ytterbium‐doped fiber used is drawn from Yb2O3‐doped perform, which is fabricated through deposition process in conjunction with a solution doping technique. The loop mirror is constructed using a 3dB coupler and a piece of polarization maintaining fiber (PMF). The fiber laser generates a multiwavelength oscillation with up to five lines by adjusting both polarization controllers in the ring cavity. The line spacing is obtained at 2.1 nm, which is strongly dependent on the PMF's length used. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2511–2512, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24605
Novel microstrip low‐pass filters with fractal defected ground structures
Authors: Kurgan P. , Kitlinski M.
Published: July 2009

In this study, three microstrip low‐pass filters (LPFs) containing fractal‐shaped defected ground structures have been designed and manufactured. To improve the performance of microstrip LPF, cascades of inductively coupled fractal resonators have been applied. Simultaneously, to achieve relatively constant microstrip impedance resulting in essentially low reflection losses, a modification of the strip geometry has been introduced. The measured results excellently prove the validity and efficiency of the proposed new solutions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2473–2477, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24607
Folded planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) with two via holes for bandwidth enhancement
Authors: Oh Il‐Young , Wi Sang‐Hyuk , Lee Yongshik , Yook Jong‐Gwan
Published: July 2009

In this article, new type of planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) is presented. The radiating element of the antenna is folded to the backside of the substrate. Moreover, a substantial improvement in the bandwidth can be achieved by optimizing the locations of the two via holes that connect the radiating elements on top and bottom side of the substrate. Measured results show that more than 6.7% increase in the relative bandwidth around 2.6 GHz compare to the uniplanar topology, while maintaining nearly the same radiation patterns. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2413–2416, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24610
A low cost miniaturized circularly polarized antenna for UHF radio frequency identification reader applications
Authors: Wang Zhongbao , Fang Shaojun , Fu Shiqiang
Published: July 2009

A low cost miniaturized CP antenna is proposed for UHF RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) reader applications. The antenna is composed of a vertical ground and a square‐ring patch with truncated corners. A novel capacitively coupled feed structure is proposed for good impedance matching. The antenna hasS11< −20 dB and a gain level of about 6.9 dBi at 920–925 MHz (Chinese RFID band). Comparing to the conventional CP antenna, the size of the proposed antenna can be reduced by 33%. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2382–2384, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24612
Triple‐band cavity‐backed Z‐like slot antenna for WLAN applications
Authors: Zhang Qiu‐Yi , Chu Qing‐Xin
Published: July 2009

In this letter, a triple‐band Z‐like cavity‐backed slot antenna was designed, fabricated, and measured. A Z‐like slot is employed here to attain the triple‐band operation, whereas a metallic superstrate is placed above the Z‐like slot to achieve the high‐gain enhancement within the lower bandwidth at 2.45 GHz. The parametric studies of the proposed‐antenna are provided and mechanisms of triple‐band operation and gain enhancement within the lower bandwidth are also discussed. The measured‐results are in good agreements with simulated ones, which reach the bandwidth from 2.26 to 2.58 GHz, 5.15 to 5.28 GHz, and 5.68 to 5.88 GHz, respectively. Simulated‐ and measured‐gain results show that the proposed‐antenna reaches 11.59 dBi at 2.45 GHz, higher than 7 dBi at band of 5.25 GHz and 6.0 dBi at band of 5.85 GHz, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2296–2301, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24616
Novel continuous spectrum generation system using a nano‐waveguide for white light, short and sub‐millimeter waves use
Authors: Mitatha S. , Yupapin P. P.
Published: July 2009

We propose a novel system of a nano‐waveguide that can be used to generate the continuous spectrum, that is, white light. The simultaneous generation of short and sub‐millimeter waves can also be generated by using either dark or bright soliton schemes. A system consists of two microring and a nanoring resonators that can be integrated into a single system. The large bandwidth is generated by a soliton pulse within a Kerr type nonlinear medium where the continuous bandwidth or wavelength can be performed. Results of the bright soliton obtained have shown the potential of using the technique for white light source generation and detection, which is discussed. The simultaneous generation of short and millimeter waves using dark soliton is also proposed. The advantage is that the large bandwidth separation of the short and sub‐millimeter waves can be obtained, which is allowed the simultaneous generation of short and millimeter waves. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2258–2262, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24618
Small electrical antenna for SAW sensor biotelemetry
Authors: Collin Gwladys , Chami Ali , Luxey Cyril , Le Thuc Philippe , Staraj Robert
Published: July 2009

A spiral antenna matched to a SAW sensor for blood pressure and body temperature monitoring is proposed. As the antenna/SAW device is dedicated to be implanted in a human body, a small antenna with omnidirectional pattern is required. The proposed structure has a total area of 4 × 2.5 mm2and a 1.1 mm height. To take into account the human body effect, we use a homogenous phantom with a dielectric permittivity of 52 and a conductivity of 1.74 S/m. The −10 dB impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 66% from 2.22 to 3.83 GHz; moreover, a quasi‐isotropic radiation pattern is achieved. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2286–2293, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24622
A novel wideband bandstop filter
Authors: Li Jiu‐sheng
Published: July 2009

A novel bandstop filter using star shape structure is designed, fabricated, and measured. Parameters are optimized via numerical simulations. Measurements are carried out using network analyzer. The proposed filter has wide bandwidth, compact dimensions, easy fabrication, and low cost. The simulated and measured results show that the 3 dB bandwidth of the bandstop filter is from 2.2 to 5.0 GHz the least insertion loss of 0.1 dB, and the largest stop‐band attenuation is of −45 dB. There is a good agreement between the simulated and experimental results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2464–2466, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24624
Equivalent circuit of complementary split‐ring resonator loaded transmission line
Authors: Hu Xin , Zhang Qiaoli , Lin Zhili , He Sailing
Published: July 2009

In this article, a circuit model is proposed for the complementary split‐ring resonators (CSRRs) loaded transmission line, and comparisons between the results derived from the equivalent circuit model and the experimental results are given and a good agreement between them over a wide frequency band supports the effectiveness of the proposed modeling methodology. Both the results show the negative permittivity at the vicinity of the resonance frequency of CSRR. By comparing the results of different periodic length (i.e., the capacitance per‐unit‐cell of the host microstrip line is changed), the validity of the equivalent circuit is further confirmed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2432–2434, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24625
A high‐performance 94 GHz planar Quasi‐Yagi antenna on GaAs substrate
Authors: Truong Le Huu , Baek Yong‐Hyun , Lee Mun‐Kyo , Park Sun‐Woo , Lee Sang‐Jin , Rhee Jin‐Koo
Published: July 2009

A high‐performance 94 GHz planar Quasi‐Yagi antenna on a GaAs substrate is presented. The antenna is fabricated on a 100 μm GaAs wafer and has dimension of 1.6 × 2.6 mm2. Experimental results show that this antenna covers a wide bandwidth from 91 GHz to 106 GHz, with the return loss of better than −10 dB. An end‐fire radiation pattern is formed, a peak gain of 7.1 dBi, and front‐to‐back ratio of 15 dB at 94 GHz are also achieved. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2396–2400, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24628
A CPW‐FED circularly polarized antenna for lower ultra‐wideband applications
Authors: Shen Yizhu , Law Choi L. , Shen Zhongxiang
Published: July 2009

A novel design of circularly polarized square slot antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide for lower ultra‐wideband (UWB) application is presented. Circular polarization is achieved by protruding a truncated corner and a grounded inverted‐L strip at two opposite corners, respectively. The antenna is investigated both in the frequency and time domains. The results show that its measured 10‐dB return loss bandwidth is from 2.7–5.0 GHz and 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth varies from 3.5 to 4.8 GHz, whereas the size is just 35 mm × 35 mm. The proposed antenna is suitable for lower UWB system (3.4–4.8 GHz) applications in Singapore. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2365–2369, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24629
A fully integrated ultra‐low power CMOS transmitter module for UWB systems
Authors: Yuan Tao , Zheng Yuanjin , Li Le‐Wei , Leong Mook‐Seng
Published: July 2009

A fully integrated CMOS ultra‐wideband (UWB) transmitter module is proposed for UWB applications. The transmitter module consists of a band‐notched UWB antenna and a transmitter IC which integrates a pulse generator, a gating signal generator and driver amplifiers (DAs). The drive amplifier uses a two‐stage amplifier—a Class‐E amplifier and a Class‐A amplifier with switch control, to significantly reduce power consumption (522 μW/20 Mbps). Fabricated using a 0.18‐μm CMOS process, the generated pulse then passes through the DA, which not only drives the antenna but also shapes the generated digital signal to meet the Federal Communications Commission spectral mask specification. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2318–2323, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24632
A novel printed monopole antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS/UMTS band operation
Authors: Chen Wen‐Shan , Din Si‐Han
Published: July 2009

This article proposed a design of a monopole antenna with a bent loop slit for GSM900/DCS1800/PCS1900/UMTS applications. The proposed antenna was designed on FR4 substrate and fed by 50 Ω microstrip line. The proposed antenna was first designed a rectangle planar patch to operate at a higher frequency of 1.8 GHz for DCS1800/PCS1900/UMTS applications. Besides, the other operation band of 900 MHz for GSM900 applications has been achieved by inserting a bended slit loop into the rectangle planar patch. Simulated and measured results are shown later. Details of the proposed antenna configuration and experimental results are also discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2453–2458, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24638
Center‐fed circular Epsilon‐negative zeroth‐order resonator antenna
Authors: Tang Hangfei , Zhao Xiaopeng
Published: July 2009

A center‐fed circular ε‐negative zeroth‐order resonator antenna with a symmetrical omnidirectional radiation pattern is investigated numerically and experimentally in this article. The radiation pattern of the proposed antenna is symmetrical. Furthermore, symmetry of radiation pattern, bandwidth and gain could be improved by adding unit‐cells and adjusting unit‐cell parameters. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2423–2428, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24639
A tunable bandpass filter based on varactor loaded split‐ring resonators
Authors: Genc Alper , Baktur Reyhan
Published: July 2009

This article presents an electronically tunable varactor‐loaded microstrip bandpass filter based on the planar split ring resonators (SRRs). The varactor is a reverse‐biased semiconductor diode, and is connected between the concentric rings of the SRR. An individual varactor loaded SRR based bandpass tunable filter module is analyzed. Then a third order tunable filter with 2% fractional bandwidth and a tuning range from 2.11 to 2.34 GHz is assembled from basic filter modules. A prototype filter is designed, fabricated and tested. The maximum tuning range of the prototype filter is 10.2% and the size of the filter is reduced by a factor of 3.5 compared to a coupled line filter. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2394–2396, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24641
Permittivity range profile reconstruction of multilayered structures from microwave backscattering data by using particle swarm optimization
Authors: Genovesi Simone , Salerno Emanuele , Monorchio Agostino , Manara Giuliano
Published: July 2009

A method for the investigation of multilayered structures by using microwave probes is proposed. An iterative optimization procedure reconstructs the permittivity range profiles of such structures from backscattering data by optimizing a functional consisting of a term depending on the data and a regularization term. A linear process is also accounted for the global smoothness enforced by classical regularization. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2390–2394, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24642
Coupled microstrip line bandpass filter with harmonic suppression using right‐angle triangle grooves
Authors: Mohra Ashraf S.
Published: July 2009

A single grooved coupled line bandpass filter with improved pass band response and first harmonic suppression is described. The suppression of the first spurious harmonic was done by using right‐angle triangle grooves in the middle of each of the coupled‐microstrip lines that construct the bandpass filter. As the number of grooves increase as the shift in the operating frequencies increase also, so it is suitable to use less numbers of grooves as possible. A three stage bandpass filter using coupled‐microstrip lines was designed, simulated, and realized to illustrate this idea. The simulated results illustrate a good performance for right‐angle triangle groove over the corresponding rectangular groove. The measured S‐parameters measurement of the realized bandpass filter shows the suppression of the second resonance frequency and less shift in the center frequency. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2313–2318, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24644
UWB binomial curved monopole with binomial curved ground plane
Authors: Habib Mohamed A. , Nedil Mourad , Djaiz Azzeddine , Denidni Tayeb A.
Published: July 2009

The design of a new ultra‐wideband (UWB) coplanar waveguide antenna is presented. The proposed antenna is a printed‐circuit monopole using coplanar technology. The radiating element is a modified monopole with an optimal shape based on a binomial function. The ground plane is also designed with the same law. Different orders of this binomial function are considered. The antenna shape and dimensions are optimized to achieve an UWB bandwidth operation covering the frequency range from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. A prototype of the designed antenna was fabricated and measured. Obtained results show that the proposed antenna provides omnidirectional elevation pattern across the operating band. Results provided by simulations and measurements are presented and discussed; they show a good agreement. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2308–2313, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24645
Interdigital filter design
Authors: Du Plessis Warren P.
Published: July 2009

A new synthesis procedure for interdigital filters with shorted‐pin feeds is developed by relating the coupling factors and external Qs to the physical structure of the filter. This new procedure is easily understood and applied, extremely flexible, and allows design tradeoffs to be evaluated in an intuitive way. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2269–2272, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24647
A novel triple band printed antenna for WLAN/WiMAX applications
Authors: Thomas K. George , Sreenivasan M.
Published: July 2009

A new microstrip‐fed triple band antenna is presented for satisfying wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications simultaneously. The antenna comprises a rectangular monopole fed by a microstrip transmission line to generate WLAN and WiMAX frequency bands and a circular disc monopole to resonate in 3.5 GHz WiMAX frequency band. A simple formula for calculating the resonant frequency is given. The antenna is simple in configuration outlining an overall dimension of 44 × 20 × 0.76 mm3. The measured 10 dB bandwidth for return loss is from 2.37 to 2.7, 3.23 to 3.70, and 4.29 to 6.58 GHz for WiMAX and WLAN applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2481–2485, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24650
An adaptive finite element method for second‐order plate theory
Authors: Hansbo Peter , Heintz David , Larson Mats G.
Published: July 2009

We present a discontinuous finite element method for the Kirchhoff plate model with membrane stresses. The method is based on P2‐approximations on simplices for the out‐of‐plane deformations, using C0‐continuous approximations. We derive a posteriori error estimates for linear functionals of the error and give some numerical examples. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zooarchaeology at the Niah Caves, Sarawak: context and research issues
Authors: Barker G. , Piper P. J. , Rabett R. J.
Published: July 2009

Extensive archaeological excavations in the Niah Caves (Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo) over the past 50 years have produced perhaps 750 000 fragments of vertebrate bone, one of the largest faunal assemblages in the region. This paper introduces a series of research studies examining different aspects of the Niah fauna, and discusses how they are contributing to, and shaping, regional research agendas relating to prehistoric environments and societies in Island Southeast Asia. Zooarchaeology has traditionally had a rather ‘Cinderella’ status here, but the ongoing programme of study of the Niah Caves fauna is demonstrating the remarkable potential of this material to address questions of Pleistocene and Holocene climate and environment, biodiversity, human activities within caves, people's engagement with the landscapes they inhabited as foragers and farmers, and the nature of the transition from foraging to farming. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tracking the hypersensitive dimension in narcissism: Reliability and validity of the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale
Authors: Fossati Andrea , Borroni Serena , Grazioli Federica , Dornetti Lorenzo , Marcassoli Irene , Maffei Cesare , Cheek Jonathan
Published: July 2009

The aim of the study was to assess the reliability and the validity of the Italian translation of the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale (HSNS) in a sample of consecutively admitted psychiatric outpatients (N= 366) and in an independent sample of non‐clinical volunteers (N= 385). In both samples, data from the HSNS had adequate internal consistency, considering its limited length. Consistent with our hypothesis, a two‐factor structure explained the HSNS item intercorrelations. Among clinical participants, the HSNS and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) showed radically different patterns of correlations with the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM‐IV) Personality Disorder diagnoses. In both samples, the HSNS and the NPI showed distinct and theoretically consistent correlations with temperament and character dimensions. As a whole, these findings seem to support the reliability and the validity of the HSNS as a measure of hypersensitive narcissism. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of CrAlN and CrSiN Ternary Systems for Wood Machining Applications
Authors: Benlatreche Yacine , Nouveau Corinne , Aknouche Hamid , Imhoff Luc , Martin Nicolas , Gavoille Joseph , Rousselot Christophe , Rauch Jean‐Yves , Pilloud David
Published: July 2009

Nowadays, almost all the cutting tools in metal machining are protected with a surface treatment. Nevertheless, this is not the case in wood machining where no tools are protected, except by thermal treatments, and so they present a previous wear because of the use of steel or carbide materials in milling, sawing, routing, etc. During these processes, the tools are particularly exposed to abrasive and shock wear. To enhance their wear resistance, one solution is to protect them with hard coatings. The present study deals with the development of ternary systems (CrAlN and CrSiN) obtained by two PVD different magnetron sputtering systems [‘A’ (laboratory where CrAlN layers have been obtained) and ‘B’ (laboratory where CrSiN layers have been obtained) in the following text] on carbide WC–Co tools used in second transformation of wood to be compared to the binary CrN one. CrAlN and CrSiN films were deposited with different Al and Si contents, respectively, in order to check the effect of the additive element (Al or Si) on the different properties of the Cr–N system. The different coatings were characterized by SEM and EDS for thickness measurements, morphology and composition analyses, respectively, by nanoindentation for hardness and Young's modulus measurements and by pin‐on‐disc to determine their friction coefficient. Routing of medium density fibreboard (MDF) was realized employing untreated or modified carbide WC–Co tools in order to compare their wear resistance. We observed that the Al and the Si addition improved the hardness and the Young's modulus of the Cr–N system (‘A’: 29 and 410 GPa, respectively, ‘B’: 18 and 280 GPa, respectively). Indeed, the hardness values are 15–36 GPa for CrAlN and 15–24 GPa for CrSiN coatings. Besides, the Young's modulus values are 331–520 GPa for CrAlN and 260–320 GPa for CrSiN coatings. The friction coefficient of the CrAlN layers varied between 0.6 and 0.7 and it increased slightly with the Al content. For the CrSiN coatings, the friction coefficient was lower and about 0.4. In both cases, the CrN layers ‘A’ and ‘B’ presented similar friction coefficient than CrAlN and CrSiN, respectively. During the routing of MDF, the CrN ‘A’ coating has a similar wear behaviour than the optimized CrAlN one (5 at.% of Al) while the optimized CrSiN coating (1.2 at.% of Si) showed a better behaviour against wear than the CrN ‘B’ one. The wear resistance of CrAlN‐ and CrSiN‐coated carbide tools decreased when the Al and Si contents increased.
Counterurbanisation and rural gentrification: an exploration of the terms
Authors: Phillips Martin
Published: July 2009

This paper examines the interrelationships between the concepts of counterurbanisation and rural gentrification, suggesting that four different positions can be identified. Firstly, these concepts are highly commensurable and could usefully be more closely aligned. Secondly, rural gentrification has a political/critical dimension that is missing from conceptualisations of counterurbanisation, and hence rural gentrification might usefully displace counterurbanisation as a focus of study. Thirdly, counterurbanisation is a less reductionist concept than rural gentrification, and therefore counterurbanisation researchers need to disentangle themselves from too great a focus on rural gentrification. Fourthly, both concepts share many problematic features and may both be viewed as chaotic concepts. The paper then discusses how counterurbanisation and gentrification researchers have responded to criticisms relating to their conceptual foci, suggesting that these can be characterised as legislative or interpretive. It is argued that whilst the former response has been predominant, there are signs that the latter approach is also being adopted. The concluding part of the paper draws on the notion of an interpretive approach to understanding counterurbanisation and rural gentrification, and their interrelationships. Use is made of Latour's notion of ‘circulatory sociologies of translation’ to consider how the two concepts are linked not only to their objects of study but also to social relationships with other academics, with governmental organisations and with public opinion and values. Attention is drawn to the differential relationships that counterurbanisation and rural gentrification are implicated in, and how this might account for the differential character of the two concepts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.