bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
miR-302a-3p Promotes Radiotherapy Sensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Regulating Cell Cycle via MCL1
Authors: Yang Zifeng , Zhang Menglong , Zhang Jian , Chu Cunkun , Hu Bijuan , Huang Liyin
Published: October 2022

Background. The relationship between tumor suppressor gene miR-302a-3p and radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. This study intended to illustrate the molecular mechanism how miR-302a-3p regulated radiotherapy sensitivity of HCC. Methods. miR-302a-3p expression in HCC tissues and cells was examined by qRT-PCR. The effect of miR-302a-3p on HCC radiotherapy sensitivity were detected by CCK-8, colony formation, and flow cytometry assays. The expression levels of cell cycle-related proteins were detected by Western blot. The influence of miR-302a-3p on radiotherapy sensitivity of HCC was further investigated via cell cycle inhibitor (Caudatin) treatment. The target gene (MCL1) of miR-302a-3p was obtained by bioinformatics analysis, and their binding relationship was confirmed by RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assay. The mechanisms of miR-302a-3p regulating cell cycle and affecting radiotherapy sensitivity of HCC cells through MCL1 were further explored through the rescue experiments. Results. miR-302a-3p expression was remarkably reduced in radiotherapy-resistant tissues and cells of HCC. miR-302a-3p overexpression restored sensitivity of radiotherapy-resistant HCC cells to radiotherapy. Treatment with cell cycle inhibitor Caudatin could reverse suppressive effect of miR-302a-3p downregulation on sensitivity of HCC to radiotherapy. Additionally, miR-302a-3p could restrain MCL1 expression. In vitro cell assays further revealed that miR-302a-3p/MCL1 axis could enhance radiotherapy sensitivity of HCC cells by inducing G0/G1 arrest. Conclusions. miR-302a-3p facilitated radiotherapy sensitivity of HCC cells by regulating cell cycle via MCL1, which provided a new underlying target for radiotherapy resistance of HCC patients.
Numerical Calculation Method of Spanwise Icing Characteristics and Performance Loss of Three-Dimensional Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Wang Guoqiang , Mo Qiuyun , Tang Rongjiang , Xue Haoren , Guo Rongbin , Li Le , Liu Yanyan
Published: October 2022

Most icing studies use 2D or quasi-3D models, ignoring the effects of blade span and tip icing. In this paper, a new model for predicting 3D vertical axis wind turbine blades icing by supplementing the blade span is established, the icing characteristics of blades under multiple working conditions are simulated step by step from the time scale, and the unsteady icing laws are compared and analyzed. Ice properties and surface temperature distribution determine the corresponding deicing power. The analysis results show that the unfrozen water film flows in the spanwise direction of the blade, resulting in a smaller icing limit on the pressure surface than the two-dimensional model, which indicates that the chordwise anti-icing structure can be set in a small range. At the same time, the annular ridge ice formed at the end of the blade slows down the reduction rate of the lift-drag ratio of the blade, effectively reducing the influence of the leading edge ice shape on the aerodynamic performance of the blade. Finally, the critical ice melting power density required to reach equilibrium temperature at the leading edge of the blade is reduced by about 11% compared to the trailing edge due to the increased thermal resistance of the gas-to-blade matrix interface by the ice layer.
Extraction of Cellulose from Sugarcane Bagasse Optimization and Characterization
Authors: Melesse Getu T. , Hone Fekadu G. , Mekonnen Mulualem A.
Published: October 2022

In this study, cellulose was extracted from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) through a convenient five-step treatment, and procedures were performed. During the alkaline curing process of the extraction of cellulose, NaOH has a concentration of (0.5, 1.5, 2.75, and 4%) and the extraction time (15, 30, and 45 min) at a constant temperature of 120°C were taken as variables and perfectly optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) for cellulose with the highest product. The optimum conditions were found to be 2.75% NaOH, 120°C, and 45 min with a cellulose yield of 73.71 ± 0.67% cellulose, 17.22 ± 0.82% hemicellulose, and 9.07 ± 0.95% lignin. Though most of the lignin was eliminated during the alkaline and dilute acid pretreatment process, the remaining lignin was removed by a solution treatment of 4% NaOH, and 21.92% H2O2 at 121°C for 44.97 min where the cellulose yield was found as 89.75 ± 0.64%, hemicellulose was 6.15 ± 0.83%, and lignin was 2.65 ± 0.66%. Morphological analysis revealed that the average diameter of the cellulose was 12.06 µm. Thermal and XRD diffraction analysis showed that the cellulose is thermally stable and has a crystallinity index of 31.63%. FTIR spectra demonstrate that cellulose was successfully extracted due to the removal of noncellulose components.
Oxidative Stress and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Pathophysiology, Signaling Pathway, and Therapy
Authors: Li Yanrun , Chen Lu , Gao Yu , Zou Xuenong , Wei Fuxin
Published: October 2022

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), characterized as decreased proteoglycan content, ossification of endplate, and decreased intervertebral height, is one of the major reasons of low back pain, which seriously affects the quality of life and also brings heavy economic burden. However, the mechanisms leading to IDD and its therapeutic targets have not been fully elucidated. Oxidative stress refers to the imbalance between oxidation and antioxidant systems, between too many products of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the insufficient scavenging function. Excessive ROS can damage cell lipids, nucleic acids and proteins, which has been proved to be related to the development of a variety of diseases. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have reported that oxidative stress is involved in the pathological process of IDD. Excessive ROS can accelerate the IDD process via inducing the pathological activities, such as inflammation, apoptosis, and senescence. In this review, we focused on pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress-induced IDD. Moreover, the present review also summarized the possible ideas for the future therapy strategies of oxidative stress-related IDD.
Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Seven Underinvestigated Medicinal Plants against Microbial Pathogens
Authors: Ndezo Bisso Borel , Njikang Epie Nkwelle Roland , Tchuenguem Tchuenteu Roland , Dzoyem Jean Paul
Published: October 2022

Background. Plants are a rich source of therapeutic compounds that have tremendous applications in the pharmaceutical industry. This study aimed to identify the phytochemicals present in the seven selected medicinal plants as well as their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Methods. Phytochemical screening, total phenolic, and flavonoid contents were determined using standard methods. The antioxidant activity of plant extracts was determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl (OH), and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assays. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts was determined by the broth microdilution method. Results. The results of phytochemical analysis showed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, and steroids in all plant extracts. The extract of Psychotria peduncularis showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents (5.57 ± 0.22 mg GAE/g and 1.38 ± 0.06 mg QE/g, respectively). All plant extracts showed very strong antioxidant activity against DPPH and NO radical scavenging with IC50 values ranging from 0.55 to 49.43 µg/mL and 0.65 to 13.7 µg/mL, respectively. The extracts of Tristemma mauritianum and P. peduncularis displayed significant antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging from 16 to 1024 µg/mL. T. mauritianum extract showed bactericidal activity against all tested species. The extracts of Alsophila manianna and P. peduncularis showed significant antifungal activity (MIC = 64 µg/mL) against Candida albicans strain. Conclusion. The screened extracts of medicinal plants used in our study can be used as potential antioxidant and antimicrobial agents, and resources for the development of new drugs.
The Association of Blood Urea Nitrogen to Creatinine Ratio and the Prognosis of Critically Ill Patients with Cerebral Infarction: A Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Ting , Li Ai-Ping , Gong Qi , Zhou Lin , Zhao Yi-Xuan , Zhou Zhi-Wen , Zhou Wen-Sheng
Published: October 2022

Background. To evaluate the association between blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to creatinine (Cr) (BUN/Cr) ratio and the in-hospital mortality of critically ill patients with cerebral infarction in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods. In this cohort study, the data of 3059 participants with cerebral infarction were collected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-III and the MIMIC-IV database. After propensity score matching (PSM) on age and gender, 2085 people were involved in and divided into the alive group (

n
=
1390

) and the dead group (

n
=
695

) based on the results of follow-up. Multivariate logistic analyses were applied to identify the confounders and the association between BUN/Cr and mortality of cerebral infarction. Results. The median follow-up time was 10.5 days. Among 2778 participants, 695 were dead at the end of follow-up. Univariate analysis revealed that BUN/Cr [

risk
 
ratio
 

RR

=
1.01

, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.02] might be associated with the in-hospital mortality of cerebral infarction patients. After adjusting for respiratory failure, malignant cancer, anticoagulation, liver disease, white blood cell (WBC), red cell distribution width (RDW), glucose, bicarbonate, and temperature, BUN/Cr had week correlation with the increased risk of in-hospital mortality of cerebral infarction patients (

RR
=
1.01

, 95% CI: 1.01-1.02). Conclusion. This study evaluated the association between BUN/Cr and the in-hospital mortality of cerebral infarction patients in ICU and found that BUN/Cr had weak correlation with the increased risk of in-hospital mortality of patients with cerebral infarction in ICU especially in males and those with respiratory failure, malignant cancer, and without liver disease, as well as those receiving anticoagulation.
Multiple Adversarial Domains Adaptation Approach for Mitigating Adversarial Attacks Effects
Authors: Rasheed Bader , Khan Adil , Ahmad Muhammad , Mazzara Manuel , Kazmi S. M. Ahsan
Published: October 2022

Although neural networks are near achieving performance similar to humans in many tasks, they are susceptible to adversarial attacks in the form of a small, intentionally designed perturbation, which could lead to misclassifications. The best defense against these attacks, so far, is adversarial training (AT), which improves a model’s robustness by augmenting the training data with adversarial examples. However, AT usually decreases the model’s accuracy on clean samples and could overfit to a specific attack, inhibiting its ability to generalize to new attacks. In this paper, we investigate the usage of domain adaptation to enhance AT’s performance. We propose a novel multiple adversarial domain adaptation (MADA) method, which looks at this problem as a domain adaptation task to discover robust features. Specifically, we use adversarial learning to learn features that are domain-invariant between multiple adversarial domains and the clean domain. We evaluated MADA on MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets with multiple adversarial attacks during training and testing. The results of our experiments show that MADA is superior to AT on adversarial samples by about 4% on average and on clean samples by about 1% on average.
Fufang Fanshiliu Decoction Revealed the Antidiabetic Effect through Modulating Inflammatory Response and Gut Microbiota Composition
Authors: Li Leyu , Huang Guoxin , Chen Tingbo , Lin Hui , Xu Ruiyan , Cheng Jinyan , Hu Ying , Dai Weibo , Dong Gengting
Published: October 2022

Background. Diabetes mellitus brings serious threats and financial burdens to human beings worldwide. Fufang Fanshiliu decoction (FFSLD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula showing great antidiabetic effects, has been used in clinics for many years. Objective. This study aims to explore the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of FFSLD in Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. Sprague–Dawley rats induced by high-fat diet feeding combined with streptozotocin injection were used to establish the T2DM model. All rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control, model, metformin, high dosage, middle dosage, and low dosage of FFSLD. After 4 weeks of treatment, serum, intestinal mucosa, and fecal samples were collected for further analysis. ELISA was used to detect the diabetic-related serum indicators and proinflammation cytokines. Gene or protein expressions of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in intestinal mucosa were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or western blot. 16s rRNA gene sequencing was used to detect the changes of gut microbiome in these groups. Intestinal gut microbiota (GM) composition was further analyzed according to the sequencing libraries. Results. FFSLD effectively recovered the diabetic-related biochemical indexes by reducing fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin, and increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Furthermore, FFSLD significantly ameliorated the abnormal levels of proinflammation cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β. In addition, the GM compositions of rats in control, model, and FFSLD treated groups were different. FFSLD significantly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, and Proteus, and reduced the relative abundance of Alistipes, Desulfovibrio, and Helicobacter. Moreover, these changed bacteria were closely related to the diabetic-related serum indicators and proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusion. These results suggest that FFSLD alleviates diabetic symptoms in T2DM rats through regulating GM composition and inhibiting inflammatory response, which clarify the therapeutic mechanism of FFSLD on T2DM and provide a theoretical basis for its further clinical application.
Lightweight Traffic Classification Model Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Sun Chongxin , Chen Bo , Bu Youjun , Zhang Surong , Zhang Desheng , Jiang Bingbing
Published: October 2022

The development of mobile computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to a surge in traffic volume, which creates a heavy burden for efficient network management. The network management requires high computational overheads to make traffic classification, which is even worse when in edge networks; existing approaches sacrifice the efficiency to obtain high-precision classification results, which are no longer suitable for limited resources edge network scenario. Given the problem, existing traffic classification generally has huge parameters and especially computational complexity. We propose a lightweight traffic classification model based on the Mobilenetv3 and improve it for an ingenious balance between performance and lightweight. Firstly, we adjust the model scale, width, and resolution to substantially reduce the number of model parameters and computations. Secondly, we embed precise spatial information on the attention mechanism to enhance the traffic flow-level feature extraction capability. Thirdly, we use the lightweight multiscale feature fusion to obtain the multiscale flow-level features of traffic. Experiments show that our model has excellent classification accuracy and operational efficiency. The accuracy of the traffic classification model designed in our work has reached more than 99.82%, and the parameter and computation amount are significantly reduced to 0.26 M and 5.26 M. In addition, the simulation experiments on Raspberry Pi prove the proposed model can realize real-time classification capability in the edge network.
[Retracted] Clinical Application of Evoked Potentials in the Operation of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy with Different Imaging
Authors: Ding Xiaoli , Pan Zong , Ma Zongjun , Ge Zhaohui
Published: October 2022

Objective. To observe the effects of improvement of cervical spondylotic myelopathy with different imaging signals after cortical somatosensory‐evoked potentials on the functional recovery of postoperative patients and the effect of surgery. Methods. A total of 60 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy who were hospitalized in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2020 were selected and divided into a case group (30 cases) with MRI‐indicated changes in intramedullary signals and a control group (30 cases) with MRI‐indicated spinal cord changes. Intragroup and intergroup control studies were conducted through general observation indexes, neurological evaluation indexes, imaging, and evoked potential observation indexes. Somatosensory‐evoked potentials were performed before operation, 1 week after operation, and 24 weeks after operation, and the JOA score of each patient was obtained before operation, 1 week after operation, and 24 weeks after operation. Results. The JOA score of 1 week after operation of the case group is (16.25 ± 1.54) and the control group is (11.89 ± 1.63), and there is a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The JOA score of the case group 24 weeks after operation is (25.27 ± 1.03) and the control group is (13.28 ± 1.03), and the difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05). The improvement rate of 1 week after operation and 24 weeks after operation was statistically significant between the two groups (P < 0.05). The case group improvement rate is (70.5 ± 8.72)% and the control group is (40.5 ± 9.81)%, and the difference is statistically significant between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The preoperative intramedullary signal changes can be used as an effective index for patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy to use somatosensory‐evoked potentials to assess the prognosis of patients after surgery.
[Retracted] Lagerstroemia speciosa Ameliorated Blood Pressure in LNAME Induced Hypertension in Experimental Rats through NO/cGMP and Oxidative Stress Modulation
Authors: Aleissa Mohammed S. , Al-Zharani Mohammed , Alneghery Lina M. , Hasnain Md Saquib , Almutairi Bader , Ali Daoud , Alarifi Saud , Alkahtani Saad
Published: October 2022

Cardiovascular disease is the primary reason for chronic heart diseases and mortality worldwide. Hypertension (HTN) is the utmost dominant risk factor for the evolution of several diseases. Herbal medicines, traditional medicinal herbs, and their extracts are widely utilized to treat and monitor HTN. Herbal components have been shown to help relax arteries and lower oxidative stress. The current study assesses the probable role of herbal plant extract Lagerstroemia speciosa (LS) in the LNAME induced HTN in rats. LNAME (50 mg/100 mL) in drinkable water was given to rats for five weeks. There was a significant upsurge in LNAME‐treated hypertensive rats’ blood pressure (BP). On treatment with LS, it ameliorates blood pressure. Further, LS also improved body weight, reduced heart weight, and heart hypertrophy. The NO/cGMP concentration was lowered along with a substantial upsurge in the level of glutathione and a decline in MDA level. The LS extract also reduced the inflammatory cytokine markers in the systemic circulation. In conclusion, thus, the extract of LS treatment can efficiently alleviate the BP, oxidative stress markers, and inflammation and improve NO/cGMP concentration in LNAME induced HTN in rats.
Discover the Hidden Attack Path in Multiple Domain Cyberspace Based on Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Hongmei , Xia Shiming , Pan Yu , Bai Wei , Feng Qin , Li Wei , Zheng Qibin , Guo Shize , Pan Zhisong
Published: October 2022

There are certain vulnerabilities at the beginning of multiple domain cyberspace configuration. How to discover these potential vulnerabilities has been a hot topic. This paper proposes to find these cyberspace vulnerabilities by discovering the shortest attack path in multiple domain cyberspace. In order to discover more and shorter attack paths, we train an agent as an attacker to discover multiple domain cyberspace attack paths. We formulate the discovering attack paths as a reinforcement learning (RL) problem. With this technique, we added a multiple domain action select module to RL that can pick an executable action in a state. By using the proposed method, we can discover more hidden attack paths and shorter attack paths to analyze the potential vulnerabilities to cyberspace. Finally, we created a simulated cyberspace experimental environment to test our proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method can discover more hidden multiple domain attack paths and shorter attack paths than the existing methods.
Gallic and Hesperidin Ameliorate Electrolyte Imbalances in AlCl3-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats
Authors: Obafemi Tajudeen Olabisi
Published: October 2022

Nephrotoxicity is usually characterized by inefficiency of the kidney, thereby causing disruptions to electrolyte balance and blood acidity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hesperidin and gallic acid on serum electrolytes and ion pumps in Wistar rats subjected to aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced nephrotoxicity. Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of five animals apiece. Group one served as the negative control and received distilled water while the study lasted. Animals in groups 2–4 received 100 mg/kg/day AlCl3 throughout the study. Animals in groups 3 and 4 were also administered 100 mg/kg/day gallic acid and 100 mg/kg/day hesperidin, respectively. Groups 5 and 6 were treated with 100 mg/kg/day gallic acid only and 100 mg/kg/day hesperidin only, respectively. Treatments were administered orally via gavage for 28 days with distilled water as the vehicle. Animals were sacrificed after which levels of potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, chloride, and bicarbonate ions were evaluated in the serum, while activities of Na+/K+ and Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPases were determined in kidney homogenate. Results showed that AlCl3 significantly (

p
<
0.05

) inhibited activities of Na+/K+ and Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPases in addition to increasing serum levels of potassium, calcium, phosphate, and chloride, with concomitant decrease in serum levels of magnesium and bicarbonate. However, coadministration of AlCl3 with either gallic acid or hesperidin ameliorated all the disruptions caused by AlCl3. It could be concluded that gallic acid and hesperidin could be relevant in managing electrolyte imbalances and acidosis occasioned by kidney dysfunction.
Emerging Protective Actions of PGC-1α in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: She Yuqing , Yu Mei , Wang Liang , Wang Yajing , Fang Penghua , Zhang Zhenwen
Published: October 2022

Renal impairment is affected by various mechanisms of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and basement membrane thickening, which are the major causes of renal dysfunction in diabetes. Of note, hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a common cause of diabetic nephropathy and renal impairment, and the decrease in PGC-1α expression brought on by hyperglycemia plays an immensurable role in both the reduction of mitochondrial biogenesis and the rise in oxidative stress. Reduced PGC-1α expression levels may occur with rising SGLT2-dependent increase of cytoplasmic sodium and protons in the renal cells of diabetes, even if the precise mechanism of hyperglycemia-induced disruption of PGC-1α expression has not been identified. Additionally, it has been observed that SGLT2 inhibitors enhance PGC-1α expression and activity and decrease cytoplasmic sodium and protons in many kidney cells, which may be helpful in reducing renal impairment brought on by diabetes. This review summarizes our and other recent studies on the function of PGC-1α in diabetic nephropathy, provides another potential mediator of the lower PGC-1α expression levels brought on by hyperglycemia in diabetics, and identifies a new pathogenesis of diabetes-related renal impairment. It also explains the mechanism underlying the protective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, it should be taken into account that SGLT2 inhibitors are an effective therapeutic strategy for reducing renal dysfunction caused by diabetes.
[Retracted] Bioinformatic Deconstruction of Differentially Expressed Sequence Tags in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Yi Jing , Wen Zhili , Hu Youwen
Published: October 2022

Traditional medical imaging methods for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma can only provide information for differential diagnosis in terms of morphology and blood supply of the lesion, and the determination of the nature of the lesion still relies on tissue biopsy. Although ultrasound or CT‐guided biopsy has become an effective method for the diagnosis of liver cancer in recent years, the puncture has the possibility of tumor irritation, liver tumor rupture, or needle tract metastasis. In this paper, the use of bioinformatics method is to gradually screen potentially high‐risk genes associated with HCC recurrence on a genome‐wide scale would help to discover the key target molecules. The ANN method was used to establish a gene prediction model that can predict the recurrence and survival of HCC, so as to construct a tool to identify patients at risk of HCC recurrence. It provided a certain therapeutic basis for future clinical work, thereby improving the prognosis of patients with HCC. Using the “survfit” function of the “survival” package in the R language, the log‐rank test (the log‐rank test was a common method for comparing two survival curves) was performed on all genes with posthoc recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma as the outcome event. Then, the BLAST tool (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) was used to search the similarity of each hepatocellular carcinoma database to find out the genes with similar sequences to each hepatocellular carcinoma, so as to determine the function of each differentially expressed sequence tag. This paper found that the AUC of the ANN model was greater than that of the discriminant analysis model (P < 0.05). This paper promoted the development of new therapeutic measures for hepatocellular carcinoma and provided important theoretical guidance for human beings to fight cancer.
Hybrid Technique to Improve the River Water Level Forecasting Using Artificial Neural Network‐Based Marine Predators Algorithm
Authors: Mohammed Sarah J. , Zubaidi Salah L. , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Ridha Hussein Mohammed , Al-Bdairi Nabeel Saleem Saad
Published: October 2022

Water level (WL) forecasting has become a difficult undertaking due to spatiotemporal fluctuations in climatic factors and complex physical processes. This paper proposes a novel hybrid machine learning model based on an artificial neural network (ANN) and the Marine Predators algorithm (MPA) for modeling monthly water levels of the Tigris River in Al‐Kut, Iraq. Data preprocessing techniques are employed to enhance data quality and determine the optimal input model. Historical data for water level and climatic factors data are utilized from 2011 to 2020 to build and assess the model. MPA‐ANN algorithm’s performance is compared with recent constriction coefficient‐based particle swarm optimization and chaotic gravitational search algorithm (CPSOCGSA‐ANN) and slime mold algorithm (SMA‐ANN) to reduce uncertainty and raise the prediction range. The finding demonstrated that singular spectrum analysis is a highly effective method to denoise time series. MPA‐ANN outperformed CPSOCGSA‐ANN and SMA‐ANN algorithms based on different statistical criteria. The suggested novel methodology offers good results with scatter index (SI) = 0.0009 and coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.98).
Efficacy of Exenatide Administered Twice Daily in Body Mass Index Reduction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Zhang Jie , Xian Tong-Zhang , Teng Yu , Wang Xiuzhi , Wu Ming-Xiao , Li Chen , Wang Weihao , Man Fuli , Zhang Xianbo , Wang Xiaoxia , Guo Li-Xin
Published: October 2022

Background. Exenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that can reduce body weight. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of exenatide on body mass index (BMI) reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with differing baseline body weight, blood glucose, and atherosclerotic status and to determine if there is a correlation between BMI reduction and cardiometabolic indices in these patients. Methods. This retrospective cohort study used data from our randomized controlled trial. A total of 27 T2DM patients treated with combination therapy of exenatide twice daily and metformin for 52 weeks were included. The primary endpoint was a change in the BMI from the baseline to week 52. The secondary endpoint was a correlation between BMI reduction and cardiometabolic indices. Findings. The BMIs of overweight and obesity patients and those with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 9% significantly decreased −1.42 ± 1.48 kg/m2

P
=
0.015

and −0.87 ± 0.93 kg/m2

P
=
0.003

, respectively, at the baseline after 52 weeks of treatment. There was no reduction in BMI in patients with normal weight, HbA1c <9%, the nonatherosclerosis group, and the atherosclerosis group. The decrease in BMI was positively correlated with changes in blood glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Conclusion. BMI scores improved after exenatide treatment for 52 weeks in T2DM patients. Weight loss was affected by baseline body weight and blood glucose level. In addition, BMI reduction from the baseline to 52 weeks was positively correlated with baseline HbA1c, hsCRP, and SBP. Trial Registration. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-1800015658).
Artificial Intelligence Aerobics Action Image Simulation Based on the Image Segmentation Algorithm
Authors: Jiang Tao
Published: October 2022

At present, aerobics is becoming a popular fashion with the continuous development of cultural needs. Because aerobics has the characteristics of many movements, rapid changes, strong complexity, and difficult performance of difficult movements, the current aerobics teaching still presents shortcomings such as low teaching level, limited teachers’ resources, and energy. Therefore, it is difficult to effectively meet the actual learning needs of students. Based on this point, artificial intelligence can be used to simulate and guide the technical movements of aerobics to effectively teach students. In this paper, an artificial intelligence aerobics image simulation system is researched and developed and the GrabCut image segmentation algorithm is mainly used. After analyzing some shortcomings of the algorithm, the GrabCut algorithm cascade and graph-based are selected to complete the optimization, so as to lay a good system foundation and then build the aerobics artificial intelligence image simulation system according to the algorithm foundation. Finally, it analyzes and researches the actual problems of aerobics teaching activities in colleges and universities and focuses on the problems, achievements, and personal satisfaction of students who use the system in actual learning, which proves that the system can effectively assist aerobics teaching activities. By studying the image segmentation algorithm and artificial intelligence technology, this paper applies it to the field of aerobics action image simulation, so as to promote its technological development.
How is Ambulatory Electrocardiogram Predictive of Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation Patients?
Authors: Zhuo Xiuping , Huang Meinv
Published: October 2022

Background. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a significant stroke risk factor. Further research is needed to clarify whether higher atrial fibrillation burden (AFB) link to the elevated risk of ischemic embolism, and how AF burden could combine with CHA2DS2-VASc score to improve the anticoagulation strategy. We aim to evaluate if the AF burden characterized using 24-hours Holter ECG monitoring is associated with the risk of ischemic stroke. Methods. This cohort study enrolled 210 Holter ECG monitoring detected atrial fibrillation patients. The burden of atrial fibrillation was defined as the percentage of time in atrial fibrillation during the monitoring period, and the AF burden and CHA2DS2-VASc score were compared between patients with and without thromboembolic outcomes. Multivariate regressions were conducted to estimate the predictors of thromboembolic outcomes. Results. Eighteen thromboembolic events occurred within a median follow-up of 11.39 months. Patients with ischemic stroke had higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores but not higher AF burden. After adjusting for age, hypertension, diabetes, anticoagulation, antithrombotic therapy, AF burden, and AF with higher CHA2DS2-VASc score was associated with increased risk for ischemic stroke (hazard ratio (HR), 15.17). CHA2DS2-VASc score > 4.5 was a predictor of significantly higher risk of future stroke (AUC 0.92). Conclusions. In Holter ECG monitoring detected AF, AF burden does not significantly impact the subsequent risk of stroke; whereas, CHA2DS2-VASc scoring is still a robust predictor of stroke risk. This may illustrate that once AF is detected from Holter ECG monitoring, underlying risk factors appear to be more predictive of subsequent stroke risk than atrial fibrillation burden.
Spatial Differentiation of Intangible Cultural Heritage in South China and Its Influencing Factors
Authors: Cai Pei
Published: October 2022

In recent years, a lot of work has been done in the protection and utilization of intangible cultural heritage in South China, while there are dilemmas such as the variation of inheritance content, the extinction of heritage, and the absence of inheritors, it is urgent to strengthen the protection of intangible cultural heritage with realistic reasons. This paper adopts human geography research methods, based on SPSS mathematical statistics, GIS spatial analysis, and econometric models, to analyze the spatial differentiation characteristics of 10 types of intangible cultural heritage in the region and their influencing factors based on 1,708 intangible cultural heritage data from various regions in South China, according to five regions, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Hong Kong, and Macao. It was found that (1) the intangible cultural heritage in South China is distributed in clusters, with the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong and Guinan in Guangxi being the core areas of high-density intangible cultural heritage; (2) the characteristics of spatial differentiation of intangible cultural heritage in the region are influenced by a combination of factors, among which the pattern distribution is obviously influenced by cultural factors such as the distribution of ethnic minorities and the number of museums. Finally, from the perspective of revitalization, protection, and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, the government should propose dialectical and integrated protection of intangible cultural heritage in South China while continuously enhancing its living and contemporary flavor.
Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Sleep Quality and Mental Health of College Students
Authors: Li Lu
Published: October 2022

Objective. In recent years, people’s living standards have been greatly improved, but at the same time, it also brings many health problems, among which mental health problems and sleep problems of college students are important problems. The aim of the study is to explore the effect of physical activity intervention on college students’ mental health and provide a new way of thinking for colleges and universities to carry out mental health interventions. Methods. This paper focuses on the physical health problems of college students and explores the relationship between aerobic exercise, emotion, and sleep quality among college students. The SPSS statistical method was used to analyze the differences in aerobic exercise, emotion, and sleep quality among college students in terms of demographic variables; to explore the relationship between aerobic exercise, emotion, and sleep quality; and to construct a structural equation model using the relationship between them. Results/Discussion. This study explores the relationship between aerobic exercise and sleep quality and psychological health of college students, further analyzes the path model of the role of aerobic exercise and psychological health on sleep quality of college students, and verifies it through experiments, which proves to help universities and relevant departments understand the current situation of exercise and sleep quality of college students and provide timely and effective design of mandatory aerobic exercise courses for college students who lack exercise and have sleep problems. At the same time, it helps college students to understand their sleep situation and adjust their aerobic exercise courses according to their sleep status.
The Interactive Relationship between Rural Ecotourism Development and New Rural Construction under the Background of Internet
Authors: Chen Liying , Lyu Meng , Hu Hong , Zheng Yuxiang
Published: October 2022

Rural ecotourism is of great significance to the construction of new countryside, including promoting rural social progress, adjusting agricultural industrial structure, and increasing farmers’ income. Starting with the basic concepts of rural ecotourism and new rural construction, this study compares and analyzes the development background and main characteristics of rural ecotourism at home and abroad and evaluates the development of rural ecotourism based on the Internet. This study takes Shahe City in Hebei Province as an example to develop rural ecotourism in the new rural construction and analyzes its tourism development status combined with the Internet+. Combined with its development orientation and basic conditions, this study summarizes the main measures for the development of rural ecotourism in Shahe City, Hebei Province, in order to improve the effectiveness of new rural construction. The results showed that the income of Shahe tourism increased by 31.5%, and the income of outbound tourism increased by 8.9%. This shows that the new rural construction can promote the development of rural ecotourism, increase the passenger flow, and improve the per capita income. The new rural construction and rural ecotourism development complement each other.
Change in Police Attendance at Overdose Events following Implementation of a Police Non-Notification Policy in British Columbia
Authors: Mehta Amiti , Xavier Jessica C. , Palis Heather , Slaunwhite Amanda , Jenneson Sandra , Buxton Jane A.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Bystanders at overdose events often hesitate to call 911 due to fear of police involvement. To address this, in 2016, British Columbia Emergency Health Services (BCEHS) introduced a policy to not routinely inform police of overdose events. This study explores change in police attended overdose events after the policy was implemented. Methods. Data on police attended overdose events were derived from naloxone administration forms in BC’s Take-Home Naloxone (THN) kits returned before and after the policy change. Segmented regression was conducted to quantify change in police attended overdose events. Results. The average proportion of police attended overdose events pre-policy was 55.6% compared to 37.9% post-policy. The segmented regression model demonstrated a 0.98% (95% CI: (−1.70 to −0.26)) decline (

p
=
0.01

) in police attended overdose events each month following the policy. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that the BCEHS policy contributed to a decrease in police attended overdose events.
Breast Cancer Metastatic Dormancy and Relapse: An Enigma of Microenvironment(s)
Authors: Elkholi Islam E. , Lalonde Andréane , Park Morag , Côté Jean-François
Published: October 2022

Multiple factors act in concert to define the fate of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) to enter dormancy or develop overt metastases. Here, we review these factors in the context of three stages of the metastatic cascade that impact DTCs. First, cells can be programmed within the primary tumor microenvironment to promote or inhibit dissemination, and the primary tumor can condition a premetastatic niche. Then, cancer cells from the primary tumor spread through hematogenous and lymphatic routes, and the primary tumor sends cues systematically to regulate the fate of DTCs. Finally, DTCs home to their metastatic site, where they are influenced by various organ-specific aspects of the new microenvironment. We discuss these factors in the context of breast cancer, where about one-third of patients develop metastatic relapse. Finally, we discuss how the standard-of-care options for breast cancer might affect the fate of DTCs.
Progress with Metabolomic Blood Tests for Gastrointestinal Cancer Diagnosis—An Assessment of Biomarker Translation
Authors: Savva Katerina-Vanessa , Das Bibek , Antonowicz Stefan , Hanna George B. , Peters Christopher J.
Published: October 2022

There is an urgent need for cost-effective, non-invasive tools to detect early stages of gastrointestinal cancer (colorectal, gastric, and esophageal cancers). Despite many publications suggesting circulating metabolites acting as accurate cancer biomarkers, few have reached the clinic. In upper gastrointestinal cancer this is critically important, as there is no test to complement gold-standard endoscopic evaluation in patients with mild symptoms that do not meet referral criteria. Therefore, this study aimed to describe and solve this translational gap. Studies reporting diagnostic accuracy of metabolomic blood-based gastrointestinal cancer biomarkers from 2007 to 2020 were systematically reviewed and progress of each biomarker along the discovery–validation–adoption pathway was mapped. Successful biomarker translation was defined as a composite endpoint, including patent protection/FDA approval/recommendation in national guidelines. The review found 77 biomarker panels of gastrointestinal cancer, including 25 with an AUROC >0.9. All but one was stalled at the discovery phase, 9.09% were patented and none were clinically approved, confirming the extent of biomarker translational gap. In addition, there were numerous “re-discoveries,” including histidine, discovered in 7 colorectal studies. Finally, this study quantitatively supports the presence of a translational gap between discovery and clinical adoption, despite clear evidence of highly performing biomarkers with significant potential clinical value.
Combination Nivolumab, CD137 Agonism, and Adoptive Cell Therapy with Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes for Patients with Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Hall MacLean S. , Mullinax John E. , Cox Cheryl A. , Hall Amy M. , Beatty Matthew S. , Blauvelt Jamie , Innamarato Patrick , Nagle Luz , Branthoover Holly , Wiener Doris , Schachner Benjamin , Martinez Alberto J. , Richards Allison D. , Rich Carolyn J. , Colón Colón Marjorie , Schell Michael J. , Teer Jamie K. , Khushalani Nikhil I. , Weber Jeffrey S. , Mulé James J. , Sondak Vernon K. , Pilon-Thomas Shari , Sarnaik Amod A.
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

Metastatic melanoma is a tumor amenable to immunotherapy in part due to the presence of antigen-specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). These T cells can be activated and expanded for adoptive cell transfer (ACT), which has resulted in relatively high rates of clinical responses. Similarly, immune checkpoint inhibitors, specifically programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blocking antibodies, augment antitumor immunity and increase the influx of T cells into tumors. Thus, we hypothesized that addition of PD-1 inhibition may improve the outcomes for patients undergoing ACT with TILs.

Patients and Methods:

Patients with stage III/IV metastatic melanoma with unresectable disease who were anti–PD-1 treatment-naïve were enrolled. TILs were generated in the presence of anti–4-1BB antibody in vitro and expanded for ACT. Patients in cohort 1 received TIL infusion followed by nivolumab. Patients in cohort 2 also received nivolumab prior to surgical harvest and during TIL production.

Results:

A total of 11 patients were enrolled, all of whom were evaluated for response, and nine completed ACT. Predominantly CD8+ TILs were successfully expanded from all ACT-treated patients and were tumor reactive in vitro. The trial met its safety endpoint, as there were no protocol-defined dose-limiting toxicity events. The objective response rate was 36%, and median progression-free survival was 5 months. Two nonresponders who developed new metastatic lesions were analyzed to determine potential mechanisms of therapeutic resistance, which included clonal divergence and intrinsic TIL dysfunction.

Conclusions:

Combination therapy with TILs and nivolumab was safe and feasible for patients with metastatic melanoma and provides important insights for future therapeutic developments in ACT with TILs.
Vitrectomy with Silicone Oil Tamponade and Single-Dose Intravitreal Methotrexate for Recurrent Retinal Detachment with Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Babel Adrian , Chin Eric K. , Almeida David R.P.
Published: October 2022

Our case emphasizes the approach of a single-dose of intraoperative methotrexate (MTX) – applied directly into silicone oil – to arrest the anomalous progression of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). A 78-year-old male presented with severe vision loss secondary to a pseudophakic macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment oculus sinister (OS). He was initially treated with primary pars plana vitrectomy and intraocular gas; however, the patient developed recurrent macula-off retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy OS. Subsequent management involved vitrectomy with membrane removal, silicone oil tamponade, and adjuvant intravitreal MTX. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery with a dramatic vision improvement after silicone oil removal OS. Here, we highlight the use of silicone oil tamponade with single-dose adjuvant MTX for the management of complex retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy.