bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rethinking children’s agency: Power, assemblages, freedom and materiality
Authors: Gallagher Michael
Published: August 2019

This article attempts to rethink agency for childhood studies, drawing on Foucault’s theorisations of power, Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of assemblage, Bennett’s vital materialism and Grosz’s account of Bergson’s conception of freedom. I argue that (1) agency is ambivalent, that is, it has no intrinsic ethical value; (2) agency is not a property of individual children but happens within assemblages; (3) it is analytically useful to distinguish between more routine and more inventive tendencies of agency; and (4) agency arises in the relations between the organic and the inorganic, as life actualises the virtual potential of matter for indeterminacy. These ideas contribute to ongoing debates about agency within the field, and connect these debates with wider questions about children’s relations with materials and nonhumans.
Making children’s ‘agency’ visible: Towards the localisation of a concept in theory and practice
Authors: Edmonds Ruth
Published: August 2019

The concept of ‘agency’ is regularly put forward as an analytic tool to help understand, evaluate and act upon places around the world, through social development policies and programmes ostensibly designed to support or increase children’s agency. This article reflects on empirical research into children’s agency spanning a range of international contexts over two decades and offers new insights through critical engagement with a growing body of work on the ‘localisation’ of social development and humanitarian responses in international settings. It suggests that the largely normative ways in which the concept of agency is invoked as an analytic tool for understanding human experience universally effectively renders children’s agency invisible to us. This is because it is more a description of a particular discourse than something which actually helps us to understand and make visible children’s socio-culturally grounded ‘agentic practice’ from place to place. This article argues for new directions in research and practice to localise agency that are critical to the central commitments of interpretive social science. These new directions include (a) a new research agenda which can go beyond children’s ‘own perspectives’ to the discovery, description and analysis of agency in socio-cultural terms, to ensure it can function as an analytic tool for learning about socio-cultural phenomena which help animate local concepts of agency; and (b) the development of agency-related policies and programmes that are grounded in such locally situated concepts of agency developed through understanding local socio-cultural systems rather than externally derived socio-cultural assumptions about childhood and children’s agency.
Current status of the management and outcomes of acute aortic dissection in Japan: Analyses of nationwide Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Diseases-Diagnostic Procedure Combination data
Authors: Yamaguchi Tetsuo , Nakai Michikazu , Sumita Yoko , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Matsuda Hitoshi , Inoue Yousuke , Yoshino Hideaki , Okita Yutaka , Minatoya Kenji , Ueda Yuichi , Ogino Hitoshi
Published: August 2019

Background:

Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and management, the mortality of acute aortic dissection remains high. This study aims to clarify the current status of the management and outcome of acute aortic dissection in Japan.

Methods:

A total of 18,348 patients with acute aortic dissection (type A: 10,131, type B: 8217) in the Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Diseases database between April 2012–March 2015 were studied. Characteristics, clinical presentation, management, and in-hospital outcomes were analyzed.

Results:

Seasonal onset variation (autumn- and winter-dominant) was found in both types. More than 90% of patients underwent computed tomography for primary diagnosis. The overall in-hospital mortality of types A and B was 24.3% and 4.5%, respectively. The mortality in type A patients managed surgically was significantly lower than in those not receiving surgery (11.8% (799/6788) vs 49.7% (1663/3343); p<0.001). The number of cases managed endovascularly in type B increased 2.2-fold during the period, and although not statistically significant, the mortality gradually decreased (5.2% to 4.1%, p=0.49). Type A showed significantly longer length of hospitalization (median 28 days) and more than five times higher medical costs (6.26 million Japanese yen) than those in type B. The mean Barthel index at discharge was favorable in both type A (89.0±22.6) and type B (92.6±19.0). More than two-thirds of type A patients and nearly 90% of type B patients were directly discharged home.

Conclusions:

This nationwide study elucidated the clinical features and outcomes in contemporary patients with acute aortic dissections in real-world clinical practice in Japan.
An Easy Approach for the Fabrication of Surgical Template for Placement of Mini-implant
Authors: Kumar Shiv , Kaur Mandeep , Sachdeva Bhavika , Kaur Iqbal
Published: August 2019

The success of dental implant depends on meticulous treatment planning. Restorative problems are often common with improper placement of implants, especially where the alveolar bone quantity is compromised. The accuracy needed in placement of the mini-implant is even more. Hence, the use of a surgical guide becomes essential. Various authors have suggested techniques for the fabrication of surgical and radiographic stents. These techniques make use of different materials in fabrication of stent. This article presents a simple technique for the fabrication of a surgical guide for the placement of mini-implants using simple readily available materials. The technique can be modified to be used for regular diameter implants.
The Coming Divorce Decline
Authors: Cohen Philip N.
Published: August 2019

This article analyzes U.S. divorce trends over the past decade and considers their implications for future divorce rates. Modeling women’s odds of divorce from 2008 to 2017 using marital events data from the American Community Survey, I find falling divorce rates with or without adjustment for demographic covariates. Age-specific divorce rates show that the trend is driven by younger women, which is consistent with longer term trends showing uniquely high divorce rates among people born in the Baby Boom period. Finally, I analyze the characteristics of newly married women and estimate the trend in their likelihood of divorcing based on the divorce models. The results show falling divorce risks for more recent marriages. The accumulated evidence thus points toward continued decline in divorce rates. The United States is progressing toward a system in which marriage is rarer and more stable than it was in the past.
Epilogue: Anthropological conversations with Karl Wittfogel’s ghost
Authors: Strang Veronica
Published: August 2019

This epilogue provides a ‘last word’ to this rich collection of papers engaging in lively dialogue with Wittfogel’s ghost. It suggests that although his writing has been criticised as deterministic and generalising, with hindsight, Wittfogel is best appreciated as a scholar thinking within a particular historical and intellectual context. Part of the abiding appeal of his perspective comes from the clear and strong lines it draws connecting water, infrastructure and power.
Prevalence and aggressiveness of papillary thyroid carcinoma in surgically-treated graves’ disease patients: A retrospective matched cohort study
Authors: You Eunice , Mascarella Marco A. , Al Jassim Abrar , Forest Veronique-Isabelle , Hier Michael P. , Tamilia Michael , Pusztaszeri Marc , Payne Richard J.
Published: August 2019

Background

Reported rates of thyroid cancer in Graves’ disease (GD) vary widely. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), including aggressive forms, in GD compared to matched controls undergoing thyroidectomy. Furthermore, it seeks to elucidate any patient- or tumour-associated factors predictive of malignancy or an aggressive course.

Methods

We performed a matched cohort study of GD patients undergoing thyroidectomy at our institution between 2006 to 2018. Clinicodemographic factors, preoperative characteristics, surgical factors, final histopathology as well postoperative course were collected. Aggressive PTC was defined as evidence of lymph node metastasis, extrathyroidal extension, gross vascular invasion and/or aggressive histologic variants. Prevalence of PTC was compared with sex, age and nodule size-matched euthyroid patients that underwent thyroidectomy in the same time period.

Results

A total of 132 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 46 (±14) years. Malignancy was identified in 36/66 (55%) patients with GD; 20/66 (30%) were incidental carcinomas and 9/66 (14%) were associated with aggressive pathologic features. In the aggressive group, lymph node metastasis to the central compartment was present in 8 (12%) cases, extrathyroidal extension in 4 (6%) cases and one (1.5%) patient had a diffuse sclerosing tumor variant. No significant differences in outcome were found between the two groups. GD patients were more likely to have incidental carcinomas ( p = 0.035). Adjusting for baseline patient characteristics, GD patients demonstrated an increased likelihood of harbouring a malignancy (odds ratio (OR) = 2.67; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–7.18) compared to controls.

Conclusion

More than half of patients with GD undergoing thyroidectomy had concurrent thyroid malignancy with aggressive features present in 14% of patients. GD may confer a heightened risk of thyroid cancer; thyroid nodules should therefore be carefully investigated.
Multiproxy sedimentary organic matter analysis of the upper Wolfcamp Formation in the Collier-1201 well, southeastern Delaware Basin, Texas
Authors: MacRitchie Colin , Zobaa Mohamed K.
Published: August 2019

Horizontal drilling and multistage fracturing designs have recently made the Wolfcamp shale horizons a highly sought-after and low-cost oil opportunity at a time of market volatility. One current challenge is that the Wolfcamp shale horizons are unpredictable, especially in acreages with limited well control and seismic data. Sedimentary organic matter (palynofacies) analysis can delineate thermal maturity windows, determine kerogen types, and reflect depositional environments to aid in realizing hydrocarbon potential. We palynologically processed 16 samples at roughly 3 m intervals from the upper Wolfcamp section of the Collier-1201 well in Reeves County, Texas. We examined the prepared microscope slides in transmitted light to quantify (point count) and describe the organic facies in each sample. Additionally, we integrated organic geochemical data to corroborate palynofacies analysis. We classified most of the observed organic matter particles as highly degraded phytoclasts with unidentifiable terrestrial palynomorphs. The palynofacies and organic geochemical data indicate a mixed type-II/III kerogen (oil- and gas-prone materials) characterized by substantial terrigenous input. All samples displayed a high degree of thermal maturity from immense overburden as the Delaware Basin subsided and the overlying beds compacted. The lithologic and organic facies of the studied interval reflect fluctuating proximal marine conditions.
The Regurgitated Knife
Authors: Sumrall Laura
Published: August 2019

Confronted with the possibility of demonic illness, the physician Johann Weyer (d. 1588) writes that the physician’s work ends and the priest’s work begins when the “evil” of an illness “surpasses natural limits.” This limit, delineating the domain of medicine from that of ecclesiastical healing, was as imprecise as it was absolute. This article uses the regurgitated knife and related symptoms associated with demonic illness to explore how diverging understandings of demonic and natural action informed medicine in sixteenth-and seventeenth-century Europe. During this period, many physicians joined demonological discourse in order to justify expansive claims to medical authority through a naturalistic redefining of demonic power. These theories of the demonic and the natural were situated in debates over the boundaries of nature and the limitations of natural operations, providing a glimpse into the fluidity of these categories and the disciplinary boundaries aligned with them in the early modern period.
Presentation of Interests of Participants in Limited Liability Companies in Individual and Consolidated Financial Statements under IFRS
Authors: Неелова Наталья , Neelova Natalia
Published: August 2019

Th e relevance of the topic is due to the predominance of commercial organizations in the Russian Federation in the form of limited liability companies (LLC) and their presence among organizations that make up the individual and consolidated fi nancial statements in accordance with IFRS. Th e article discusses the legal aspects of the company’s relations with its participants, including the sole participant. Th e requirements of IFRS for the classifi cation of interests of participants with an exit right (as puttable instruments) as equity instruments or fi nancial liabilities in the separate and consolidated fi nancial statements of an LLC and its participant are analyzed.
Changes in Financial Legislation on Credit
Authors: Смирнов Е. , Smirnov E.
Published: August 2019

In Russia, the improvement of fi nancial legislation governing the sphere of lending continues. In line with such legislative work of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, signifi cant events were the adoption of federal laws of May 1, 2019 No. 76-FZ and August 3, 2018 No. 327-FZ.
Hiring Secretaries over Time: The Benefit of Concurrent Employment
Authors: Disser Yann , Fearnley John , Gairing Martin , Göbel Oliver , Klimm Max , Schmand Daniel , Skopalik Alexander , Tönnis Andreas
Published: August 2019

We consider a stochastic online problem where n applicants arrive over time, one per time step. Upon the arrival of each applicant, their cost per time step is revealed, and we have to fix the duration of employment, starting immediately. This decision is irrevocable; that is, we can neither extend a contract nor dismiss a candidate once hired. In every time step, at least one candidate needs to be under contract, and our goal is to minimize the total hiring cost, which is the sum of the applicants’ costs multiplied with their respective employment durations. We provide a competitive online algorithm for the case that the applicants’ costs are drawn independently from a known distribution. Specifically, the algorithm achieves a competitive ratio of 2.965 for the case of uniform distributions. For this case, we give an analytical lower bound of 2 and a computational lower bound of 2.148. We then adapt our algorithm to stay competitive even in settings with one or more of the following restrictions: (i) at most two applicants can be hired concurrently; (ii) the distribution of the applicants’ costs is unknown; (iii) the total number n of time steps is unknown. On the other hand, we show that concurrent employment is a necessary feature of competitive algorithms by proving that no algorithm has a competitive ratio better than [Formula: see text] if concurrent employment is forbidden.
Effect of the sintering temperature on the fabrication of alumina beads
Authors: KALEMTAS Ayse
Published: August 2019

In this study, kaolin bonded alumina-alginate composite beads were fabricated via a facile one-step sol-gel process by using sodium alginate. In order to achieve sintering of the beads at lower sintering temperatures a limited amount of CC31 commercial-grade kaolin was used as a sintering additive (Al2O3:CC31 commercial-grade kaolin=14:1). Produced composite beads were heat treated at 1300°, 1400° and 1500°C for 1 hour to achieve partial densification of the beads. TG-DTA analysis of the CC31 commercial-grade kaolin showed that mullite phase formation took place approximately at 1000°C. However, XRD measurements revealed that there is only alumina phase in the sintered ceramic beads. Due to the low amount of CC31 commercial-grade kaolin, mullite formation was not detectable via XRD analysis. No significant grain growth was observed at the sintered samples depending on the increasing sintering temperature. However, when the sintering temperature was increased, densification ratio and mechanical properties of the produced beads were enhanced significantly. Microstructural investigations of the sintered beads shown that with the help of the liquid phase sintering process, a good chemical bonding was achieved between the alumina particles.
Protective effects and mechanisms of microRNA-182 on oxidative stress in RHiN
Authors: Li Lihua , Peng Wenna , Tian Xiangrong
Published: August 2019

To explore protective effects and related mechanisms of microRNA-182 (miR-182) on oxidative stress in rat hippocampal neurons (RHiN), RHiN cells. As the results, the survival rate and superoxide dismutase levels in H2O2 group were significantly lower than H2O2+miR-182 group (all P<0.05). The malondialdehyde levels and apoptosis rate in H2O2+miR-182 group were significantly lower than H2O2 group (all P<0.05). The mRNA levels and expression levels of mTOR and PI3K in H2O2+miR-182 group were higher than those in H2O2 group (both P<0.05). The experiment of cerebral ischemic oxidative stress model rats showed that the survival rate, apoptosis rate, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels in miR-182 group were better than model control group. The positive staining intensity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (mTOR) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in model control group were significantly lower than miR-182 group (all P<0.05). Increased levels of miR-182 can reduce the damage of H2O2 treatments in RHiN cells. Oxidative stress is decreased in the neuronal cells possibly by activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway.
The novel solution of ball valve with replaceable orifice. Numerical and field tests
Authors: Romanik Grzegorz , Rogula Janusz
Published: August 2019

The article presents the results of numerical calculations and experimental results of a flow through the orifice. Such a measuring device was built-into the ball valve that gave unique possibility of the orifice exchange without the pipeline disassemble. The advantages of using the prototypical solution has been described. This patented solution has been tested extensively for the durability and tightness. The article contains comparison between flow character in the case of single-hole orifice and a multi-nozzle one. The prototypical measuring device has been produced and assembled in compressed air system in the Power Plant Opole, that gave experimental verification of theoretical approach.
The Parliamentary Form of Government and Its Evolution in Recent Years
Authors: Ferrari Giuseppe Franco
Published: August 2019

The article deals with the forms of government, with particular attention to the relationship of confidence between Parliament and Government. After an introductory paragraph concerning the classification of the forms of Government according to the presence or absence of a relationship of confidence, the author analyses, from a comparative perspective, the rationalization machineries offered to the vote of confidence and the vote of no-confidence. The article outlines some possible future scenarios in the light of the transformation of the form of Government from the classic Cabinet version to new models.
The predictable semiotic essence of humor
Authors: Hempelmann Christian
Published: August 2019

This short paper responds to Oring’s renewed and detailed criticism of the General Theory of Verbal Humor (2019). While conceding the need for some clarifications and elaborations in multidisciplinary collaboration, it mainly points to misunderstandings and misdirections of that criticism.
Selection of an Efficient Linear State Estimator for Unified Real Time Dynamic State Estimation in Indian Smart Grid
Authors: Mobin Naheed , Rihan Mohd , Zuhaib Mohd
Published: August 2019

As electricity demand is continuously increasing, the complexity and criticality of the power system infrastructure is increasing. After suffering from world’s largest power blackout on 30th and 31st July, 2012, the Indian power grids are now adopting the smart grid technologies to prevent such massive power failures. It initiated with the installation of PMUs on each strategically selected critical location in the entire grid under the Real Time Dynamic State measurements (URTDSM) scheme to attain the complete observability of the system. However, attainment of complete observability further demands selection of accurate and fast SE algorithm which is still a challenging task. The aim of this paper is to recommend the most efficient and accurate state estimator based on Linear State Estimation (LSE) algorithms for efficient real time monitoring and control of the grid, especially for Indian Power Grid. The performance test was conducted on two different SE algorithms, the Weighted Least Square (WLS) algorithm and recursive Kalman Filter algorithm. The test results are obtained on Indian 75-bus transmission system and validation is done by comparing the test results with the results obtained on standard IEEE-39 bus test system. Based on the performance comparison of the two algorithms, the selection of most suitable algorithm to be implemented in Indian power grid is achieved.
Die Evolution des Apostrophgebrauchs
Authors: Kempf Luise
Published: August 2019

Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert den Apostrophgebrauch zwischen 1600 und 1900 auf Basis des DTA (Deutsches Textarchiv). Im Zentrum steht die Frage nach der Entwicklung vom phonographischen zum morphographischen Zeichen. Eine erste aktive Phase in der zweiten Hälfte des 17. Jh. bleibt weitgehend auf phonographischen Gebrauch in belletristischen Texten begrenzt. In einer zweiten Phase (ab ca. 1770 bis 1900) erreichen morphographische Verwendungen (v. a. als Genitiv- und Derivationsapostroph) Spitzenwerte von bis zu 86 % (1880er Jahre, Textklasse Wissenschaft), wobei Sprachkontakteinflüsse sehr wahrscheinlich sind. Ein Rückgang morphographischer Apostrophe in den 1890er Jahren hängt höchstwahrscheinlich mit der dahingehenden Kodifizierung zusammen. Somit zeigen sich am Gegenstand des Apostrophs interessante Verflechtungen zwischen natürlichen, universellen Tendenzen (hier: einer leserfreundlichen Vertiefung des Schriftsystems) und soziohistorischen Faktoren (hier: Sprachkontakt und Kodifizierung).
„Alte“ Daten, neue Methoden
Authors: Flick Johanna
Published: August 2019

Der Beitrag stellt den Grammatikalisierungspfad des Definitartikels im Deutschen mit einer Korpusuntersuchung auf den Prüfstand und widmet sich dabei auch den methodischen Herausforderungen, die mit der Auswertung althochdeutscher Quellen einhergehen. Die Basis für die Untersuchung bilden die größten Textdenkmäler aus demReferenzkorpus Altdeutsch, die mit eigenen Annotationen angereichert wurden, darunter Definitheitskontexte und Belebtheit. Im Rahmen der diachronen Konstruktionsgrammatik lässt sich die Entwicklung des Definitartikels als Konstruktionalisierung der Struktur [dër+ N] begreifen: Das ursprüngliche Demonstrativumdërverliert seine demonstrative Bedeutung und erschließt neue Gebrauchskontexte, in denen die eindeutige Identifizierbarkeit des Referenten auch unabhängig von der Gesprächssituation gewährleistet ist. Die Expansion des Artikels ist belebtheitsgesteuert und wird durch strukturelle Umbauprozesse auf NP-Ebene begleitet.
Analyse syntaktischer Phänomene mit dem Referenzkorpus Mittelniederdeutsch / Niederrheinisch (1200–1650)
Authors: Barteld Fabian , Dreessen Katharina , Ihden Sarah , Schröder Ingrid
Published: August 2019

Das Referenzkorpus Mittelniederdeutsch / Niederrheinisch (1200–1650) (kurz: ReN) enthält mittelniederdeutsche und niederrheinische Handschriften, Drucke und Inschriften, die diplomatisch transkribiert, lemmatisiert und grammatisch annotiert sind und unter anderem über das Such- und Visualisierungstool ANNIS genutzt werden können. Das ReN bietet mit diesen Daten die Grundlage für Analysen auf unterschiedlichen Sprachebenen und liefert damit einen entscheidenden Beitrag für die Erarbeitung einer neuen wissenschaftlichen mittelniederdeutschen Grammatik. Um Einblicke in die tatsächlichen sprachlichen Gegebenheiten und die Verbreitung syntaktischer Phänomene zu erhalten, sind Analysen in einem umfangreichen und strukturierten Korpus wie dem ReN unabdingbar. Anhand zweier Beispiele, der wēsen-Periphrase und dem tô-Infinitiv, soll gezeigt werden, wie das ReN mithilfe von Suchabfragen in ANNIS für syntaktische Analysen genutzt werden kann.
Interaktive Analyse historischen Grammatikwandels
Authors: Merten Marie-Luis , Tophinke Doris
Published: August 2019

InterGramm – ein Digital Humanities-Projekt an der Universität Paderborn – untersucht den literaten Sprachausbau des Mittelniederdeutschen. Dabei handelt es sich um eine Form von Grammatikwandel, in der zunehmend schriftsprachliche Konstruktionen entstehen. Bei der Annotation des historischen (größtenteils rechtsschriftlichen) Korpus wechseln sich Phasen der manuellen Annotation bzw. der Korrektur automatisierter Vorschläge und des maschinellen Lernens so lange ab, bis ein zufriedenstellendes maschinelles Ergebnis erzielt wird. Ambige Textstellen, die Gradienz und Gradualität von Kategorien und die Unsicherheit von Annotatoren stellen zwar korpusanalytische Herausforderungen dar, diese Phänomene werden aber systematisch berücksichtigt und bei der Annotation festgehalten.
Mehrdimensionale Beschreibung erbaulicher Textsorten des 17. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Haaf Susanne
Published: August 2019

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Verfahren zur systematischen korpusbasierten Untersuchung der wesentlichen Konstituenten erbaulicher Textsorten vorgestellt und anhand von drei Analysebeispielen verdeutlicht. Zugrunde liegt die Annahme, dass sich Merkmale verschiedener sprachlicher Dimensionen oftmals musterhaft an der Textoberfläche manifestieren. Angesichts der zunehmenden Verfügbarkeit umfangreicher historischer Korpora und computerlinguistischer Verfahren ist es nun möglich, qualitativ gewonnene Erkenntnisse zu den Merkmalen und typischen Textmustern erbaulicher Textsorten systematisch zu überprüfen bzw. zu konkretisieren. Im Fokus stehen hierbei Andachtsbücher und Leichenpredigten des 17. Jahrhunderts, welche in digitaler und strukturierter Form im Deutschen Textarchiv verfügbar sind. Die automatische Extraktion von Textmustern wird gerahmt von qualitativen Arbeitsschritten zu deren Spezifikation, Deutung und Einordnung.
The properties of solutions for several types of Painlevé equations concerning fixed-points, zeros and poles
Authors: Xu Hong Yan , Zheng Xiu Min
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this manuscript is to study some properties on meromorphic solutions for several types of q-difference equations. Some exponents of convergence of zeros, poles and fixed points related to meromorphic solutions for some q-difference equations are obtained. Our theorems are some extension and improvements to those results given by Qi, Peng, Chen, and Zhang.
Economic Exceptionalism? Justice and the Liberal Conception of Rights
Authors: Sauer Hanno
Published: August 2019

Are political and economic rights equally basic? This is one of the main issues liberal egalitarians and classical liberals disagree about. The former think political rights should be more strongly protected than economic ones; classical liberals thus accuse them of an unjustified and politically biased ‘economic exceptionalism’. Recently, John Tomasi has developed a special version of this challenge, which is targeted against Murphy and Nagel’s account of the relationship between property rights and just taxation. In this paper, I analyze this challenge, and provide an account of its limitations. Tomasi’s strategy to drive Murphy and Nagel’s account into an overgeneralization problem brings to light that liberals weren’t guilty of any kind of economic exceptionalism in the first place. However, this also shows that classical liberalism and libertarians do not disagree as much as it might seem.
The form of the traditional bamboo house in the Makassar culture: A cultural semiotic study
Authors: Maknun Tadjuddin , Hasjim Munira , Muslimat Muslimat , Hasyim Muhammad
Published: August 2019

This study aims to explain (1) the form of a traditional house made of bamboo in Makassar culture; (2) the components of the traditional houses made of bamboo and their respective functions; and (3) socio-cultural dimensions of the shape and structure traditional house constructed of bamboo in Makassar culture. To discuss these problems, we used the Saussure’s Structural Linguistics approach (semiology) and Levi Strauss’ Structural Anthropology. Both are elaborated into cultural semiotics. The data collection methods used were field surveys (observation) accompanied by technical documentation, interviews, and records. Data were analyzed qualitatively. Results of the research indicate that the traditional house form made of bamboo in Makassar culture is generally divided into three parts, either vertically or horizontally. Vertically, the upper part is called pammakkang ‘attic’; the middle part is called kale ballak ‘house body’; and the bottom is called siring ‘underneath.’ Horizontally, the front is called paddaserang ri dallekang ‘vestibule’; the middle section is called paddaserang ri tangnga ‘living room’; the backside is called paddaserang ri boko ‘back room.’ The components of the upper, middle, and lower houses show opposition to each other. However, these components are logically related and related to one another so as to form a meaningful social and cultural construction. The shape and structure of traditional houses in Makassar culture is influenced by socioeconomic and socio-cultural factors (cosmology, belief, and social stratification).
Mesures et savoirs : Quelles méthodes pour l’histoire culturelle à l’heure du big data ?
Authors: Reboul Marianne , Gefen Alexandre
Published: August 2019

L’analyse quantitative de l’histoire culturelle a été ouverte par la mise à disposition de corpus de masse tel que celui de Google fbooks (500 milliards de mots, 5 millions d’ouvrages, soit environ 4% de la littérature mondiale) et a été popularisé sous le nom de « culturonomics ». Elle s’ouvre désormais aux chercheurs, en promettant un accès profond aux faits culturels et à leurs évolutions qui affleurent à travers leurs traces textuelles dans les corpus textuelles numérisées. Encore faut-il pouvoir interroger ces corpus dont la taille et la nature posent des problèmes scientifiques nouveaux, leur dimension les rendant illisibles directement et mettant échec les méthodes de fouille et les outils traditionnels d’analyse statistique des données en imposant des méthodes statistiques nouvelles et le saut vers des formes d’intelligence visuelles originales. Dans le cadre d’un projet mené entre le Labex « Obvil » de Paris-Sorbonne et le Literary Lab de Stanford sur l’histoire de l’idée de littéraire (la définition de la littérature comme mot, comme concept et comme champ), et visant à produire une histoire empirique de la littérature, nous avons mené depuis deux ans des expériences de fouille d’un corpus de critique littéraire de 1618 titres, 140 millions de mots (dont plus de 50 000 occurrences du lemme « littérature ») de la fin de l’Ancien Régime à la Seconde Guerre mondiale. En présentant des exemples développés dans cette première expérimentation à grande échelle de mesure de l’histoire des idées, on présentera les méthodes de text mining contemporaines en essayant d’éprouver leur pertinence heuristique et de leur capacité à faire remonter des données signifiantes pour l’histoire et la théorie littéraire. On fera l’hypothèse que toute enquête quantitative sérieuse mobilise désormais non une échelle intermédiaire standard et immédiatement lisible, mais le maniement d’outils statistiques dont l’interprétation en sciences humaines pose des problèmes particuliers qui, paradoxalement, ne peuvent être résolus que par leur articulation étroite à du close reading et à des mesures fines.
In-situ-Messung von Bewegungsabweichungen serieller Rotationsachsen zur Anwendung in Nanomessmaschinen / In situ error measurement of serial rotational devices for the application in nano coordinate measuring machines
Authors: Fern Florian , Schienbein Ralf , Theska René , Füßl Roland , Kühnel Michael , Weidenfeller Laura , Manske Eberhard
Published: August 2019

Dieses Paper zeigt einen möglichen Aufbau zur in situ Messung der Positionierabweichung von seriell angeordneten Rotationseinheiten mit einem konstanten, gemeinsamen Momentanpol. Mit Hilfe dieses Aufbaus kann die Position des letzten Gliedes der kinematischen Kette in allen drei Raumachsen gemessen werden. Dazu wird der Abstand zu einer hemisphärischen Referenzfläche mit drei mitbewegten kartesisch angeordneten Fabry-Pérot-Interferometern gemessen. Diese Interferometer werden hinlänglich ihrer Eignung zur Messung auf einer gekrümmten Referenzfläche untersucht. Sie zeigen eine periodische Nichtlinearität von ±10nm und eine Positionswiederholbarkeit mit einer Standardabweichung von unter 1.6nm.
Anwendungen eines fasergekoppelten chromatisch konfokalen Sensors in Nanopositionier- und Nanomessmaschinen / Applications of a fiber coupled chromatic confocal sensor in nanopositioning and nanomeasuring machines
Authors: Kirchner Johannes , Mastylo Rostyslav , Gerhardt Uwe , Fern Florian , Weidenfeller Laura , Sasiuk Taras , Manske Eberhard , Schienbein Ralf , Hofmann Martin , Sinzinger Stefan
Published: August 2019

Mit der Entwicklung eines neuen Sensorsystems nach dem chromatisch konfokalen Prinzip erweitern sich die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für Nano-Koordinatenmessmaschinen [8]. Unter Verwendung der im Institut für Prozessmess- und Sensortechnik (IPMS) der Technischen Universität Ilmenau entwickelten Nanopositionier- und Nanomessmaschinen (NPMM) stehen ausgedehnte und präzise adressier- und positionierbare Mess- und Arbeitsvolumina zur Verfügung [9]. Beschrieben wird die Integration des neuen Sensors in die NPMM, sowie die Erweiterung des Systems um einen Lithografielaser für maskenloses direktes Laserschreiben (engl. Direct-Laser-Writing (DLW)) [16]. Die messtechnischen Eigenschaften des Sensors werden vorgestellt und seine Anwendungsmöglichkeit in lithografischen Strukturierungsprozessen erweitert. Der Sensor wird genutzt, um den Bearbeitungslaser im Bereich seiner Tiefenschärfe konsequent auf die Probenoberfläche zu fokussieren. Dadurch werden Strukturbreiten minimiert [17].
Unterdrückung stationärer Interferenzsignale bei Ultraschalllaufzeitmessungen mithilfe der Hauptkomponentenanalyse / Suppression of stationary interference signals in ultrasonic transit-time measurements using the principle component analysis
Authors: Bächle Matthias , Puente León Fernando
Published: August 2019

Bei der Laufzeitmessung von Ultraschallsignalen, wie sie bei Durchflussmessungen eingesetzt wird, beeinträchtigen überlagerte Interferenzsignale die Genauigkeit der Messung. Diese störenden Signalanteile entstehen u. a. durch eine dispersive Mehrwegeausbreitung über die Rohrwand, was zu einer Überlagerung im selben Frequenz- und Zeitbereich führt, weshalb eine konventionelle Filterung nicht möglich ist. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Verfahren präsentiert, welche den Prozesseinfluss der Temperaturänderung gezielt nutzt und modelliert, um dennoch eine störgrößeninvariante Schätzung der Laufzeit zu ermöglichen. Das Modell nutzt die Hilbert-Transformation in Kombination mit der Hauptkomponentenanalyse, um den Einfluss temperaturunabhängiger Signalanteile zu unterdrücken. Abschließend wird das Verfahren an Messdaten eines Durchflussmesssystems validiert und mit dem konventionellen Verfahren der Nulldurchgangsbestimmung verglichen.
Prediction of human driver intentions at a narrow passage in inner city traffic / Intentionsprädiktion menschlicher Fahrer an einer Engstelle im innerstädtischen Straßenverkehr
Authors: Weinreuter Hannes , Imbsweiler Jonas , Strelau Nadine-Rebecca , Deml Barbara , Puente León Fernando
Published: August 2019

Autonomous vehicles have to be able to predict whether a human driver will wait at an unregulated inner city narrow passage or not to adapt its behaviour accordingly. To this end, a driving simulator study was conducted in which participiants were subjected to different cooperation behaviours during their approach to a narrow passage. They were asked to rate their intention afterwards. From the recorded trajectories, features which are specific to the scenario are derived. Therewith, Random Forest and Conditional Random Field classifiers for both intention and behaviour prediction are trained. The results show that robust prediction of driver intention and behaviour is possible.
Investigation of factors related to N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide levels in hemodialysis patients; a single center study
Authors: Bonakdar Farbod , Noorshargh Pegah , Hedayati Parin , Nasri Hamid
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Introduction: N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) can be used to diagnose cardiac and renal disease. The association of NT-pro BNP with demographic, clinical and biochemical factors in hemodialysis is unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to examine association of NT-pro BNP and mentioned factors in hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 78 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients under hemodialysis. Demographic data, lipid profile and electrolytes were recorded. NT-proBNP was checked simultaneously and its association with mentioned factors were assessed. Results: The average NT-pro BNP level was 890.52±700.87 pg/mL (range: 0.1-3343 pg/mL). Serum level of NT-pro BNP was statistically in association with total cholesterol (P=0.002; r=-0.348), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (P=0.09; r= -0.292), high density lipoprotein (HDL) (P=0.06; r=-0.310) and serum triglyceride (P=0.018; r=-0.269) while having a direct relationship with serum ferritin (P=0.022; r=0.274), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P=0.048; r=0.224) and duration of hemodialysis (P=0.005; r=0.321). Conclusion: Lipid profile and ferritin are associated with NT-pro BNP levels. This can reflect possible prognostic role of NT-proBNP among ESRD patients on hemodialysis.
Dialysis dose in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing regular hemodialysis at Ibn-Sena and AlNao hospitals in Sudan
Authors: Ibrahim Essamaddin A
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Ne Hemodialysis (HD) plays a fundamental role in the treatment of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. A minimal duration between 9 to 12 hours per week is required for maintaining adequate HD to restore excretory function of the kidney. Objectives: To measure the average duration of HD among Sudanese patients, and compare with the universal recommended duration. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study at IBN-SENA hospital and ALNAO teaching hospital was conducted. All patients were subjected to full medical history and examination to identify their age, gender, original kidney disease and duration and route of HD. Results: A total of 121 ESRD patients under regular HD participated in this study. The majority [78 (64.5%)] had an average duration of HD of 8 h/wk. Conclusion: A large proportion of our patients on HD are below target dialysis dose; mainly due to reducing in the number of sessions per week and average duration per each session.
Mice Discriminate Stereoscopic Surfaces Without Fixating in Depth
Authors: Samonds Jason M. , Choi Veronica , Priebe Nicholas J.
Published: August 2019

Stereopsis is a ubiquitous feature of primate mammalian vision, but little is known about if and how rodents such as mice use stereoscopic vision. We used random dot stereograms to test for stereopsis in male and female mice, and they were able to discriminate near from far surfaces over a range of disparities, with diminishing performance for small and large binocular disparities. Based on two-photon measurements of disparity tuning, the range of disparities represented in the visual cortex aligns with the behavior and covers a broad range of disparities. When we examined their binocular eye movements, we found that, unlike primates, mice did not systematically vary relative eye positions or use vergence eye movements when presented with different disparities. Nonetheless, the representation of disparity tuning was wide enough to capture stereoscopic information over a range of potential vergence angles. Although mice share fundamental characteristics of stereoscopic vision with primates and carnivores, their lack of disparity-dependent vergence eye movements and wide neuronal representation suggests that they may use a distinct strategy for stereopsis.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBinocular vision allows us to derive depth information by comparing right and left eye information. We characterized binocular integration in mice because tools exist in these animals to dissect the underlying neural circuitry for binocular vision. Using random dot stereograms, we find that behavior and disparity tuning in the visual cortex share fundamental characteristics with primates, but we did not observe any evidence of disparity-dependent changes in vergence angle. We propose that mice use a distinct strategy of stereopsis compared with primates by using a broad range of disparities to encode depth over a large field of view and to compensate for nonstereoscopic changes in vergence angle that arise during natural behavior.
Realitas Sosial dalam Novel Laut Bercerita Karya Leila S. Chudori: Analisis Strukturalisme Genetik
Authors: Sembada Ema Zuliyani , Andalas MAharani Intan
Published: August 2019

ABSTRAK

Realitas sosial tidak hanya terjadi di dunia nyata, tetapi juga tergambar dalam karya sastra. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui realitas sosial dalam novel Laut Bercerita karya Leila S. Chudori dan mengetahui pandangan dunia pengarang dalam novel mengenai realitas sosial yang dikaji melalui analisis strukturalisme genetik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode dialektik dari Lucien Goldmann. Dari hasil penelitian, ditemukan realitas sosial dalam novel melalui hubungan antartokoh dalam novel serta hubungan tokoh dengan objek yang ada di sekitarnya. Selain itu, terdapat fakta yang berkait dengan realitas sosial dalam novel. Pandangan dunia yang ditemukan dalam novel tersebut yaitu, pengarang menentang keotoriteran rezim Orde Baru yang sewenang-wenang, mengecam penghilangan paksa dan mendukung HAM, serta mengkritik pemerintah yang lambat dalam menyelesaikan kasus hilangnya aktivis.

Kata kunci: realitas, sosial, strukturalisme genetik, Laut Bercerita

ABSTRACT

Social reality does not only occur in the real world, but also illustrated in literature. This study aims to determine the social reality in the novel Laut Bercerita by Leila S. Chudori and find out the world view of the author in the novel regarding the social reality studied through analysis of genetic structuralism. This study uses a qualitative approach with the dialectical method of Lucien Goldmann. From the results of the study, found social reality in the novel through interpersonal relationships in the novel and the relationship of characters to the objects around them. In addition, there are facts that relate to social reality in the novel. The world view found in the novel, namely, the author opposed the arbitrary authorization of the New Order regime, condemned enforced disappearances and supported human rights, and criticized the government which was slow in resolving cases of activist disappearances.

Keywords: reality, social, genetic structuralism, Laut Bercerita
Genetic Signatures of Drug Response Variability inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Rohde Palle Duun , Jensen Iben Ravnborg , Sarup Pernille Merete , Ørsted Michael , Demontis Ditte , Sørensen Peter , Kristensen Torsten Nygaard
Published: August 2019

Individuals may respond differently to the same medical treatment because of genetic differences. Such genetic control constitutes both a challenge and an opportunity for improved effectiveness of medical treatment: a challenge because patients with the same diagnosis respond...

Knowledge of the genetic basis underlying variation in response to environmental exposures or treatments is important in many research areas. For example, knowing the set of causal genetic variants for drug responses could revolutionize personalized medicine. We used Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the genetic signature underlying behavioral variability in response to methylphenidate (MPH), a drug used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. We exposed a wild-type D. melanogaster population to MPH and a control treatment, and observed an increase in locomotor activity in MPH-exposed individuals. Whole-genome transcriptomic analyses revealed that the behavioral response to MPH was associated with abundant gene expression alterations. To confirm these patterns in a different genetic background and to further advance knowledge on the genetic signature of drug response variability, we used a system of inbred lines, the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP). Based on the DGRP, we showed that the behavioral response to MPH was strongly genotype-dependent. Using an integrative genomic approach, we incorporated known gene interactions into the genomic analyses of the DGRP, and identified putative candidate genes for variability in drug response. We successfully validated 71% of the investigated candidate genes by gene expression knockdown. Furthermore, we showed that MPH has cross-generational behavioral and transcriptomic effects. Our findings establish a foundation for understanding the genetic mechanisms driving genotype-specific responses to medical treatment, and highlight the opportunities that integrative genomic approaches have in optimizing medical treatment of complex diseases.
Moscow 2001
Authors: Holloway Ron
Published: August 2019

MOSCOW INTERNATIONAL FILM FESTIVAL 2001 Politics notwithstanding, the 23rd Moscow International Film Festival (21-30 June 2001) was by far the best, programme-wise, in post-perestroika times. The festival catalogue, with a replica of the St. George Statuette Award on the cover, stretched over 235 pages. Moving Pictures was brought in to publish four festival issues in English and Russian on films and events, a move that in turn inspired Russian critics to print a daily bulletin -- titled "Manezh" -- in esoteric Russian and enigmatic English on the competition entries. The city's best venues, including two brand new multiplexes, were booked for festival screenings, most of which started on time and with the very film that was listed in the What When Where Film Guide. Young computer wizards, many with multiple language abilities, replaced a fading phalanx of old-timers at the registration desks. Cafes and restaurants now encircle the Red...
Pusan 2001
Authors: Holloway Ron
Published: August 2019

PUSAN INTERNATIONAL FILM FESTIVAL 2001 Korean cinema officially came of age at the Sixth Pusan International Film Festival (9-17 November 2001) when all three international awards -- the New Currents Award, the FIPRESCI (International Critics) Award, and the NETPAC (Network for the Promotion of Asian Cinema) Award -- were given to Korean films over entries from other Asian countries. Among Pusan devotees, there had never been any doubt that Korean filmmakers commanded a front position in the ranks of Asian cinema. But when the awards were handed out on closing night in the brand new Busan Exhibition & Convention Centre (BEXCO), the flagship venue for festival galas, the triple honours seemed all the more appropriate. It was a tip of the hat as well to Kim Dong-ho, the charismatic director of the Pusan International Film Festival, who had guided PIFF to its present status as the finest showcase of...