bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breaking the Glass Ceiling? A Gender Analysis of Employment Trends in Turkish Healthcare Sector
Authors: Urhan Betul , Etiler Nilay
Published: February 2025

Turkiye (Turkey) is experiencing a feminization of its healthcare sector, which is creating employment opportunities for women, but also revealing gendered patterns of employment. This study examines the working conditions of women in Turkiye’s healthcare sector through a gender lens, focusing on how employment growth affects these dynamics. To address these issues, multiple data analyses are used to examine the gender characteristics of women's employment in the health sector. The 2021 Household Labor Force Survey (HLFS) microdata set is used as the main dataset. This analysis focuses on employment in the health sector, coded as 86 in the Classification of Economic Activities (NACE 86), which includes human health services. In addition, we conducted secondary analyses using the aggregate data from Ministry of Health’s labor force statistics and higher education data. The health sector is an important source of employment for women, with 2.4% of men and 7.0% of women employed in the sector. Women constitute 57.8% of the health workforce, which is predominantly professional, and ‘technicians/associate professional’ roles. Despite its predominantly female composition, the health sector still faces a glass ceiling. They are predominantly clustered at the lower rungs of the occupational hierarchy, occupying lower paid and lower status roles. With regard to students in the health sciences, it appears that the feminization of the health sector will continue in the near future. As an important source of employment for women, the growing demand for health services will create new employment opportunities for women. Therefore, the jobs and occupations in which women's employment in the health sector is concentrated, the gender pay gap, and women's current working conditions in the public and private sectors should be monitored. This is essential for policies and interventions against the devaluation of health care work.
Predictive Validity and Differential Prediction of the MCAT Section Scores for Medical Students’ Performance in Preclinical Courses
Authors: Abulela Mohammed A. A. , Dale Esther Dasari , Schowengerdt Bethany , Violato Claudio
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Limited research has been conducted on the differential predictive validity of the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) section scores (e.g., Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems [BBLS], Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems [CPBS]) for basic science courses (anatomy and histology). Accordingly, the purpose was to assess the predictive validity and differential prediction of these section scores to predict anatomy and histology performance across sex (men vs. women) and race (white vs. nonwhite).
Methods: The authors analyzed data from 520 undergraduate medical students (sex: 292 women [56.15%], 228 men [43.85%]) in anatomy and histology courses. The authors utilized multiple linear regression and t-tests to test for statistically significant differences in slopes associated with each section score across sex and race groups.
Results: BBLS and CPBS section scores explained more variance in histology compared to anatomy, particularly for the nonwhite and men groups (25% and 29% vs. 24%). For the differential prediction, t-tests were not statistically significant for most analyses, which provided evidence for the comparable predictive validity across the groups or lack of differential prediction, a desired psychometric property for fair assessments. The t-test associated with the BBLS section score, however, was statistically significant between the women and men groups only in anatomy.
Conclusions: Current results contribute to the broader evidence supporting the validity of MCAT section scores. The general absence of differential prediction (i.e., comparable predictions across groups) supports the fairness of MCAT-based inferences, bolstering confidence in its use for medical school admissions and promoting equity.
Groundwater Potential Zone Mapping In Ajora-Woybo Watershed, OMO Basin, Southern, Ethiopia, Using GIS, RS & AHP Techniques
Authors: Dawana Yohannes
Published: February 2025

Mapping groundwater potential zones is essential for effective well drilling planning. This study focuses on Ajora-Woybo watershed in Southern Ethiopia, which spans 1,787.8 km². The area is experiencing rapid population and livestock growth, leading to increased water demand, while quantity and quality of surface water are declining due to agricultural activities near rivers. The objective of this research was to evaluate groundwater potential zones using geographic information systems, remote sensing, and Analytical Hierarchy Process. Eight thematic layers were utilized for the assessment: geomorphology, lithology, slope, lineament density, soil texture, drainage density, rainfall, and land use/cover. Data for these factors were compiled from remote sensing imagery and various secondary sources, then processed in a geographic information systems environment. The relative weights of the datasets were determined using Analytical Hierarchy Process. The assessment categorized the groundwater potential into four classes: high, moderate, low, and poor. The high potential area, covering 568.4 km², is mainly in the central and northern regions, characterized by flat land and plateau that correspond to volcanic sediment and Nazret group and Dino formation with low slope. Conversely, the poor potential zone spans 152.7 km² in the northeast and southern in mountain peaks. The other classes include low potential (438.1 km²) and moderate potential (628.7 km²). Geomorphology and lithology are sensitive to groundwater occurrence distribution, while land use/cover is less sensitive. The study found 79% agreement between groundwater potential map and observed borehole yield, demonstrating the effectiveness of combining geographic information systems and remote sensing for identifying groundwater zones.
Práticas de Controle Gerencial no Terceiro Setor: Um Estudo das Fundações de Apoio à Luz da Teoria Ator-Rede
Authors: Santos de Meireles Sheila , Cintra Yara Consuelo , Macedo Velloso dos Santos Carla
Published: February 2025

O terceiro setor vem ganhando significativo destaque no cenário econômico mundial, com ampla ação na educação, cultura, saúde, assistência social e outros, despertando atenção do mercado e da academia, especialmente quanto à profissionalização do setor e qualidade de sua gestão. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo compreender a utilização das práticas de controle gerencial à luz da Teoria Ator-Rede (TAR) nas fundações de apoio a instituições federais de nível superior e instituições de ciência e tecnologia (FAP). A pesquisa utilizou o modelo de Alavancas de Controle de Simons para explorar as práticas de controle gerencial usadas na rede. Na coleta de dados, além da observação participante, foram realizadas 21 entrevistas semiestruturadas com participantes da rede das FAP, selecionados com suporte da técnica Snowball, cujos resultados foram tratados e submetidos à análise de conteúdo. O uso da TAR como aporte teórico-metodológico permitiu mapear os atores, humanos e não-humanos, da rede, identificadas as relações e as práticas de controle gerencial, bem como interpretação da dinâmica da gestão das fundações de apoio. Os achados revelam grandes desafios com respeito aos custos dos serviços prestados e ao financiamento das fundações; a influência forte das leis, normas e órgãos fiscalizadores; e a grande dificuldade relativa aos sistemas de informações. Foi destacada a importância das alianças entre os atores para lidar com o ambiente dinâmico que impõe mudanças frequentes na gestão das fundações. Juntamente com os sistemas de informação, o ambiente regulatório impacta fortemente a gestão das fundações, influenciando a otimização e a criação de processos. A pesquisa identificou a relação dinâmica entre as FAP e seus clientes, ressaltando o papel transformador dessas organizações na sociedade.
FINANCIAL DISTRESS PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors:   Malini Kishor Sanghvi College of Commerce., Magar Padma
Published: February 2025

Financial distress occurs when a company or individual is unable to generate adequate revenue or money to fulfil or payback its financial commitments. This research looks at how Machine Learning can be used to identify personal financial distress. Financial frauds are a rising problem in the financial services industry with far-reaching implications, while numerous techniques have been developed, Machine Learning has been used to automate the processing of large volumes of complicated data in finance systems. In the identification of distress, Artificial Intelligence has played a significant role in the financial industry. Predicting different frauds or patterns is a big data challenge that is made more difficult by two factors: first, the profiles of normal and fraudulent behaviour vary regularly, and second, cybercrime data sets are highly skewed. This research explores and compares the performance of Different Machine Learning Models on publicly available dataset. Dataset of 15,000 individuals is sourced from public repository by Lending.com. The Algorithms are implemented on the raw and pre-processed data and the outcome of these Algorithms/Models is evaluated based on accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and precision.
Les monuments médiévaux du latin notarial provenant du Portugal
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ravvina Julia S.
Published: February 2025

This piece studies the Portuguese version of the so-called Notarial Latin, the Latin of medieval documents. The author briefly overviews the reasons why these written records have been scarcely explored — the low availability of texts, the unreliability of existing editions and the perception of Notarial Latin as a corrupted language. The chronological framework of Notarial Latin, its correlation with Late and Medieval Latin and its sociolinguistic peculiarities are described. It is suggested to primarily focus on the morphosyntax of Notarial Latin. The results of the analysis of eighteen texts created between 1033 and 1183 are then presented followed by the analysis of various deviations from the grammatical norm of Latin caused by the interference of Galician-Portuguese. In nominals, there is a violation of the norms for the use of some prepositions (foremost, the preposition de). The case system generally remains. In the verb system, the regular use of Latin Futurum II in the function of the Portuguese Futuro de Conjuntivo which developed on its basis is evident. However, contrary to expectations, there are practically no traces of Romance verb analyticity. On the syntactic level, there is a tendency towards the SVO word order. The frequent cases of Romance interference indicate supposedly the most profound transformations that took place during the formation of Galician-Portuguese from vernacular Latin. It is concluded that the study of Notarial Latin is promising for a contrastive typology of Latin and Romance languages.
Village councils, social capital and sustainability: a study of urban water management of Shillong in Meghalaya, India
Authors: Kharmylliem Bankerlang , Kipgen Ngamjahao
Published: February 2025

This study examines water governance in Shillong, India, focusing on the role of traditional institutions called dorbar shnongs (village councils) in managing water resources. Through qualitative research methods, including interviews and narrative analysis, the study investigates how these councils interact with clan systems, groundwater management, and broader water distribution challenges in an urban context. The findings reveal significant variations in water governance across different localities, with some councils successfully implementing communal resource management while others struggle with commercialization and inequitable distribution. The research highlights how clan system significantly influences water access and management, particularly through their control of springs and borewells. While some clans adopt profit-driven approaches, others maintain traditional communal sharing practices. The study demonstrates that effective water governance through village councils depends on strong leadership, transparent rules, inclusive decision-making, and robust enforcement mechanisms. However, these institutions face mounting challenges from urbanization, cultural erosion, and other significant factors. The research concludes that while village councils show promise as effective water management institutions in urban settings, their success requires balancing traditional practices with modern governance approaches and addressing locality-specific challenges through customized solutions.
Addressing foundational issues for effective flood risk governance in Pakistan
Authors: Hote Hassan Haren , Koike Toshio
Published: February 2025

Pakistan established a multi-tiered disaster management framework in 2007, yet in 2010 and 2022, it experienced devastating floods. The widespread impact and the similarity of the damage in the two disasters point to systemic issues that contradict disaster risk reduction (DRR) policy. The study utilises an embedded exploratory case study design and deductive thematic analysis to elaborate and analyse two core underlying risk drivers that function as foundational barriers to effective flood risk governance in Pakistan: weak implementation of flood risk management policy at the district level; and the socioeconomic challenge of poverty-induced vulnerability to flood risk. The findings of the paper underscore the need for a systems approach to integrated disaster management to holistically address the interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral character of flood disasters. A primary recommendation is increased legislative and resource support of District Disaster Management Authorities, which function in a local government system that is subject to frequent political transformations. To address the disaster risk-poverty nexus, the combined implementation of DRR and poverty alleviation programmes are recommended. The study has practical utility as it focuses on using existing local structures to improve the disaster risk management (DRM) capacity of both the state and citizens.
Collaborative removal of microplastics, bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes, and heavy metals in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Yu Ran , Li Peng , Shen Rong
Published: February 2025

Plastics are used in large quantities in food packaging and industrial products in China, which results in ecological risks of microplastics (MPs) to the environment. In this study, the MPs’ removal efficiency of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the internal interaction of microorganisms, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and heavy metals with MPs were investigated. The dominant MPs in urban sewage were polyurethane (PU), acrylate copolymer (ACR), fluororubber, and polyethylene. MPs in wastewater were removed by WWTP with a total efficiency of 76%. The removal efficiencies of ACR, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polybutadiene, poly(tetrafluoroethylene), polystyrene, and polypropylene reached 100%. The highest concentration of MPs PU in the influent got a removal efficiency of 93.41%. The interactions between MPs, heavy metals, microorganisms, and ARGs involved adsorption, hydrogen bonds, coprecipitation, and polar interaction. Heavy metals and MPs formed larger aggregated particles, which were removed in the primary process. Heavy metals accumulated in sludge pose ecological risks to soil during landfill or compost to fertilizer. The release of MPs from WWTPs leads to accumulation in organisms and soil. It may affect the entire food chain and promote the transmission of ARGs in the environment, posing potential threats to the entire ecosystem.
Power supply for wireless devices of information measuring and control systems based on an improved piezoelectric vibration generator
Authors:   Penza State University, A. Bardin Vitaly , S.Volkov Vadim ,   Penza State University, N. Bazykin Sergey ,   Penza State University, A. Bardin Vitaly ,   Penza State University, S. Samokhina Kristina ,   Penza State University, N. Urvaev Ilya ,   Penza State University
Published: February 2025

Background. In recent years, there has been a search for alternative sources of electricity that use natural and man-made energy sources, such as solar radiation, water movement, wind, vibration and others. On an industrial scale, solar panels and wind power plants are already widely used to harness environmental energy. However, there are also objects with low energy consumption, such as small household appliances, mobile phones, wireless systems for diagnosing and monitoring the technical condition of objects, and other autonomous systems. The purpose of the research is to develop a bending type piezoelectric generator with a sensing element made of lead zirconate titanate material using silicon microelectronic technology. Materials and methods. To study the characteristics of piezoelectric generators of the bending type, methods for calculating alternating current electrical circuits, the theory of oscillations, as well as circuit modeling of equivalent electrical circuits using the MathCad program, and methods for solving differential equations were used. Results. The problem of increasing the output power was solved by finding the length of the electrode reaching its peak x ≈ 0.44∙L (L is the length of the beam), that is, covering 44 % of the beam from the clamped end, and the optimal geometric parameters were determined: length L = 60 ∙ 10–3 m , width W = 3 ∙ 10–3 m, thickness of the piezoelectric layer H = 1,5 ∙ 10–6 m, thickness of the substrate h = 250 ∙ 10–6 m. As a result, the maximum output power of the beam piezoelectric generator is obtained, reaching 9.2 μW. Conclusions. Mathematical modeling of the dependences of power on geometric parameters was carried out and graphs were obtained. The moment of resistance, the maximum moment in the section, and the force acting on the beam were calculated from the strength conditions. A bending type piezoelectric generator with a sensitive element made of PZT material using microelectronic silicon technology has been developed.
Studyimg methods for controlling the condition of milling machines based on the analysis of vibration characteristics
Authors:   Tula State University, S. Yanov Evgeny , V. Antonychev Stanislav ,   “Energopromservis” LLC, V. Antsev Aleksandr ,   Tula State University, S. Vorotilin Mikhail ,   Tula State University, I. Minakov Evgeny ,   Tula State University
Published: February 2025

Background. In the context of sanctions pressure, the issue of production intensification has again become relevant. Increasing production efficiency through the introduction of new technologies is no longer just a global trend, but one of the conditions for survival, while digitalization as one of the main drivers of growth and development plays a crucial role here. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the option of a rational location for the vibration sensor of the diagnostic module of the information and measuring system for monitoring technological systems. Results. Using the example of the BRIDGEPORT milling machine (model Hardinge GX 600) an option for forming a "vibration passport" is proposed based on the recorded vibrodynamic characteristics during machine operation, the analysis of which made it possible to determine the location of the vibration sensor.
Neural network analysis of small samples using a large number of statistical criteria to test the sequence of hypotheses about the value of mathematical expectations of correlation coefficients
Authors:   Penza Scientific Research Electrotechnical Institute, I. Ivanov Aleksandr , I. Godunov Anatoly ,   Penza State University, A. Malygina Elena ,   MIREA - Russian Technological University, A. Papusha Nikita ,   Penza State University, I. Ermakova Anna ,   Penza State University
Published: February 2025

Background. The purpose of the article is to improve the accuracy of neural network estimates of correlation coefficients. Materials and methods. The correlation coefficient is one of the most significant second-order statistical points. When training networks of quadratic neurons on small samples, it is necessary to repeatedly reduce the probabilities of errors of the first and second kinds, classical statistical criteria. Previously, it was shown that the representation of various statistical criteria by artificial neurons leads to the emergence of some equivalent of convolutional neural networks, which increase the accuracy of estimating correlation coefficients. Results. The networks increase the accuracy of estimates of correlation coefficients when testing the sequence of different statistical hypotheses with a second layer, which eliminates the code redundancy of a large number of neurons of the first layer. The number of hypotheses to be tested must coincide with the number of output states of convolutional artificial neurons. The paper discusses artificial convolutional neurons with output quantizers having 8 quantization thresholds with mathematical expectations E(r) ≈ {0.0; ±0.3; ±0.5; ±0.7; ±0.9} correlation coefficients.
Optimizing the thermal system of electronic equipment using boron arsenide heat sink
Authors:   Penza State University, K. Yurkov Nikolay , M. Rybakov Il'ya ,   Penza State University, A. Vershinin Egor ,   Penza State University
Published: February 2025

Background. In modern radio-electronic equipment one of the most important tasks is optimization of thermal solution to ensure effective heat dissipation and maintenance of optimal operating temperature of devices, devices, products. This is especially relevant in the conditions of constant increase in the density of components and increase in heat dissipation. Technical solutions to optimize the thermal system of radio electronic equipment are becoming increasingly important aspects in the context of increased requirements of external influencing factors to the efficiency and reliability of devices. One of the approaches attracting the attention of researchers is the use of boron arsenide heat sink. The purpose of the study is to develop and optimize the thermal system of radioelectronic equipment with the use of boron arsenide heat sink to ensure stable temperature operation of devices and increase their reliability, durability. Materials and methods. The results obtained on the basis of the analysis of the thermal characteristics of radio electronic components, modeling of heat transfer processes and evaluation of the efficiency of using boron arsenide heat sink in the thermal system are presented. Results. The developed thermal system with the use of boron arsenide heat sink allows to effectively control heat flows and provide optimal operating conditions for radio-electronic equipment. The conducted experiments and calculations confirm the improvement of heat dissipation and reduction of the risk of device overheating. Conclusion. The developed scientific and technical solutions for optimization of the thermal system of radio-electronic equipment with the use of boron arsenide heat sink provide an increase in reliability, durability and efficiency of devices, devices, products, units in conditions of increased external factors.
Energy-efficient copper-aluminum composite materials produced using explosion welding technology
Authors:   Penza State University, B. Kryukov Dmitriy , P. Perelygin Yuriy ,   Penza State University
Published: February 2025

Background. Bimetallic copper-aluminum adapters are used in industrial installations, power supply systems of buildings, vehicles, household appliances and other devices. The main technologies for producing copper-aluminum composite materials today are surfacing, pressure welding, cast cladding, batch welding by rolling. However, the above technologies do not allow to ensure the high quality of the composite, and in some cases absolutely cannot be used to obtain it. In this regard, the most promising technology for producing a copper-aluminum composite is explosion welding. The purpose of the work is to assess the complex of physical and mechanical properties obtained by explosion welding of a copper-aluminum composite material. Materials and methods. The main approach to achieve this goal is to conduct a set of studies of physical and mechanical properties with the determination of the strength of the weld, microhardness, microstructure of the composite material, quantitative assessment of the chemical composition of the composite and the seam zone, the magnitude of electrical resistance. The study of the above properties was carried out according to the methods in accordance with GOST on the verified equipment by certified personnel. Results. Evaluation of the complex of physical and mechanical properties made it possible to choose a rational mode of explosion welding, which ensures the best strength indicators of the composite. Evaluation of microhardness, microstructure and quantitative evaluation of the chemical composition of the composite and its near-weld zone made it possible to determine the nature of material hardening and the properties of intermetallic phases in the weld zone. Investigation of the electrical resistance value of the composite material showed that the transient electrical resistance of the bimetal copperaluminum primary winding of the transformer is higher than the transient electrical resistance of the bimetal copper-aluminum obtained by explosion welding. Conclusions. The use of a bimetal obtained by explosion welding in the manufacture of transitional bimetal copper-aluminum washers for electrical purposes made it possible to increase the strength of the connection to values higher than the strength of aluminum, reduce the transitional electrical resistance from 2 to 5 times in comparison with a similar bimetal obtained using traditional technology, increase the service life of products.
Do negacionismo da extrema direita brasileira em discursos sobre a ditadura militar no brasil (1964-1985) à constituição de uma proposta arquegenealógica para o ensino de história
Authors:   , Alves Alison Sullivan de Sousa
Published: February 2025

O presente trabalho problematiza o negacionismo histórico identificado em discursos políticos da extrema direita brasileira sobre a Ditadura Militar do Brasil e busca constituir uma proposta didática relacionada ao tema para o ensino e aprendizagem da História na educação básica, mediante a arquegenealogia de Foucault. Portanto, traz como objeto/problema o questionamento acerca das possibilidades pedagógicas para a pesquisa e análise do discurso em sala de aula, especificamente, em torno do objeto de conhecimento supracitado, com base no método arquegenealógico foucaultiano. Tem como objetivo geral analisar o discurso negacionista da extrema direita brasileira sobre a Ditadura Militar do Brasil e a possibilidade de constituição de uma proposta metodológica de ensino e aprendizagem arquegenealógica da História em torno do referido tema escolar. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-qualitativo, cuja abordagem segue um viés predominantemente qualitativo e traz como metodologia a análise do discurso, sob a orientação da arquegenealogia de Foucault, para pensar e construir uma proposta didática que valorize o diálogo docente-discentes, a contextualização do aprendizado e a interdisciplinaridade, e faça, da pesquisa significativa em sala de aula, um meio eficaz e ativo para se estudar a História. Nosso corpus é constituído de 42 materialidades discursivas relacionadas ao problema deste trabalho, sobre os quais a análise se propõe em observar as regularidades discursivas e problematizar as “vontades de verdade” encontradas, vislumbrando-as em uma situação didática. Os principais autores que compõem a fundamentação teórica são Foucault e as obras Arqueologia do saber (2008) e Microfísica do poder (1998), para estudarmos as noções fundamentais sobre a análise do discurso e conceituarmos o método arquegenealógico; Dreifuss (1981) para o estudo historiográfico da tomada do poder e do Regime autoritário inaugurado no Brasil em 1964; para auxiliar na constituição de uma proposta didático-pedagógica sobre o tema em questão, trouxemos o método dialógico de Freire e Shor (1986), a metodologia da contextualização do aprendizado da Atina, apresentada por Andrade e Sartori (2016) e os conceitos básicos da História, reverberados pela Bittencourt (2008); e Courtine (2009), para a orientação teórica de constituição de um corpus discursivo. A pesquisa apresenta como resultados principais a constatação de um discurso negacionista que gera inflexões na sociedade sobre a Ditadura Militar do Brasil e, neste sentido, apresenta-se como um desafio para a historiografia brasileira atual, mas, também, que pode ser problematizado em sala de aula de História, valendo-se de recursos e metodologias ativas, mediadas por autores como Foucault que refletem sobre o discurso enquanto uma prática política e social
O jogo escape room: olhares interdisciplinares de uma ferramenta mediadora no processo educativo
Authors:   , Santos Kamilla Katinllyn Fernandes dos
Published: February 2025

Inúmeras dimensões permeiam a forma como se ensina e como se aprende na escola, muito embora, uma destas pareça incidir mais diretamente no grau de aprofundamento das aprendizagens: a mediação dos conteúdos. É necessário sempre buscar propostas de percurso do fazer metodológico que integrem a atividade intelectual. Vislumbramos nos jogos que, inegavelmente, fazem parte do cotidiano dos jovens/nativos digitais, uma possibilidade de constituir espaços de interação, vivências e aprendizagens. Neste sentido, a nossa pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar o jogo Escape Room enquanto ferramenta interdisciplinar mediadora no processo educativo. Para isso, partimos de uma pesquisa de métodos mistos, tendo combinadas as abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa e realizamos uma pesquisa-ação, em que os caminhos metodológicos se deram na construção de um framework, implantação do jogo e aplicação de questionários em um curso de formação de professores do IFRN – Campus Ipanguaçu. Para articulação da nossa primeira seção teórica, recorremos aos estudos de Vygotsky (1989, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2001) para compreendermos os conceitos de Zona de Desenvolvimento Proximal, aprendizagem no contexto social e o papel da mediação. Na segunda seção teórica, em que descortinamos o jogo que é objeto desse estudo, utilizamo-nos dos estudos de Foncubierta e Rodríguez (2015) para definirmos os elementos constituintes do jogo, Murray (2015) na construção da matriz elementar de agência, imersão e transformação, Whitton (2018) para discutirmos os aspectos conceituais, Berzosa (2018) para abordarmos as competências e Santos e Moura (2011) na elaboração da fuga. Os resultados mostram que o jogo estimulou as inteligências linguística, lógico-matemática, espacial, musical, corporal, naturalista, intrapessoal e interpessoal, despertou linhas de estimulação variadas, congregou eixos temáticos diferentes, oportunizou a aprendizagem de conteúdos conceituais, procedimentais e atitudinais, incrementou todos os elementos que configuram um serious game e estimulou a aprendizagem tangente
O conhecimento linguístico explícito na formação de professores de língua portuguesa
Authors:   , Sousa Marielly Pereira Alves de
Published: February 2025

This research aims to examine the explicit syntactic knowledge of undergraduates in Portuguese Language, particularly in the domains of the simple sentence. In particular, I intend to examine whether the explicit syntactic knowledge of these undergraduates corresponds to the needs of professional performance in accordance with what BNCC demands, in terms of competences and abilities, and to understand the impact of university education on the development of explicit linguistic knowledge. In order to carry out this research, Portuguese Language freshmen and graduates from the Rural Federal University of Semiarid Region (UFERSA), located in the Rio Grande do Norte state, were consulted. This research is materialized by the application of a verification test that, for the purpose of explaining the syntactic knowledge of the participants, I propose as a methodological technique for obtaining data based on the widely current practice in the classroom of the Portuguese Language discipline: the correction of texts. The results obtained demonstrate that, in general, the explicit syntactic knowledge of freshmen and seniors is unsatisfactory. Although there is some development of this knowledge in the performance of graduating students, which points to some impact of higher education, there are still significant deficiencies regarding the domain of explicit syntactic knowledge, which, in the light of BNCC, are indispensable for professional performance. The practice of correcting texts with feedback, as a common discursive practice in Portuguese Language classrooms and as a space for interaction in which the teacher's explicit linguistic knowledge is activated, including metalanguage, can contribute to adequate training in the context of the competences and abilities referred to by BNCC
Computational Identification and Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of T19093 as a TLR4/MD2 Inhibitor
Authors: Chen Kuida , Shi Ke , Jin Tong , Lu Shipeng , Yin Wu
Published: February 2025

Background:

The TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4)/MD2 (Myeloid differentiation protein-2)
is a crucial target for developing novel anti-inflammatory drugs. Nevertheless, current inhibitors
often have significant adverse effects, necessitating the discovery of safer alternatives.

Objective:

The investigation aims to identify novel TLR4/MD2 inhibitors with potential antiinflammatory
activity using machine learning and virtual screening technology.

Methods:

A machine-learning model was created using the MACCS (Molecular ACCess Systems)
key fingerprint. Subsequently, virtual screening and molecular docking were used to evaluate candidate
compounds' binding free energy to the TLR4/MD2 complex. Furthermore, ADMET (absorption,
distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) prediction was used to assess the druggable
properties of compounds. The most promising compound, T19093, was considered for molecular
dynamic simulation. Finally, the anti-inflammatory efficacy of T19093 was further validated using
LPS-treated THP-1 cells.

Results:

T19093, a polyphenolic compound isolated from the Gnaphalium plant genus, showed
strong binding to key residues of the TLR4/MD2 complex, with a docking score of -11.29 kcal/mol.
Furthermore, ADMET predicted that T19093 has good pharmacokinetic properties and balanced
physicochemical properties. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulation confirmed stable binding
between T19093 and TLR4/MD2 complex. Finally, it was found that T19093 alleviated LPSinduced
inflammatory response by inhibiting the activation of TLR4/MD2 downstream signaling
pathways and disrupting the TLR4/MD2 interaction.

Conclusion:

T19093 was discovered as a potential novel TLR4/MD2 inhibitor using machine
learning and virtual screening techniques and showed potent anti-inflammatory activity, which
could provide a new therapeutic alternative for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
Over-the-counter Psychosis: A Systematic Review of the Misuse of Antihistamines, Cough Medicines, and Decongestants and the Risk of Developing Psychosis
Authors: Mosca Alessio , Chiappini Stefania , Mancusi Gianluca , Miuli Andrea , Marrangone Carlotta , Allegretti Rita , Panichella Serena , Cavallotto Clara , Corkery John Martin , Pettorruso Mauro , Martinotti Giovanni , Schifano Fabrizio
Published: February 2025

Background:

The widespread availability and accessibility of over-the-counter (OTC)
medicines play a vital role in modern healthcare systems, enabling individuals to manage minor
health concerns independently. However, certain OTC medications possess pharmacological properties
that render them susceptible to misuse and abuse, including stimulants, laxatives, sedatives, and
opiate-containing products. Misuse involves improper dosage, duration, or indication, while abuse
entails non-therapeutic use to achieve psychoactive effects or other illicit purposes, potentially leading
to dependence and addiction. This review explores the risk of developing psychotic symptoms
associated with OTC drug misuse. Synthesizing existing literature, it comprehensively examines the
relationship between antihistamines, cough medicines, and decongestants misuse, and the onset of
psychotic symptoms.

Methods:

A systematic literature review was carried out using Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science
databases through the following search strategy: (“diphenhydramine” OR “promethazine” OR
“chlorpheniramine” OR “dimenhydrinate” OR “dextromethorphan” OR “pseudoephedrine” OR codeine-
based cough medicines) AND (“abuse” OR “misuse” OR “craving” OR “addiction”) NOT review
NOT (animal OR rat OR mouse). For data gathering purposes, the Preferred Reporting Items
for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was followed. Research methods were registered
on PROSPERO (CRD42024527558).

Results:

We analysed 46 relevant studies out of an initial pool of 2,677 articles. Key findings indicate
that antihistamines, dextromethorphan, and other OTC drugs can induce psychotic symptoms,
such as paranoia, hallucinations, and thought disorders when abused. Dextromethorphan is particularly
associated with a chronic tendency towards psychosis, whereas other substances more commonly
result in acute substance-induced psychosis.

Conclusion:

The study underscores the necessity for increased awareness and specific interventions
to address the misuse of OTC drugs and their potential to cause significant psychiatric disorders, emphasizing
the broader public health implications of such misuse.
Virtual Screening and Identification of Novel Oxindole Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: P. Sowmiya , G. Revathi , K. Girija
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), according to the World Health Organi-zation, is one of the most serious risks to global public health and development. It is a serious health hazard, with over 10 million deaths expected by 2050. New treatment materials and ways to remove AMR pathogens are in great demand to combat illnesses caused by such bacteria. Hence, the current work focused on virtual screening of the therapeutic potential of new oxindole derivatives against the targeted enzymes for antibacterial activity.

Materials and Methods:

A series of 120 novel 3-substituted-2-oxindole derivatives were designed based on the literature and SAR study, which were screened for their binding affinity against tar-geted enzymes, such as methionyl-tRNA synthetase (1PFV) and tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (1JIL) using AutoDock Vina software. Compounds with significant binding energy were identified and filtered for appropriate ADME properties using the SwissADME program. Furthermore, the top fifteen hit compounds were evaluated for toxicity risk and drug score with the pkCSM online tool and OSIRIS Property Explorer, respectively.

Results and Discussion:

The docking analysis of the top two hits revealed that compounds 4 and 6 had a binding affinity of -10.1 Kcal/mol and -10.0 Kcal/mol against the targeted enzymes, respec-tively, compared to the standard (Tetracycline -9.3 Kcal/mol and Mupirocin -7.5 Kcal/mol).

Conclusion:

Hence, the best-hit compound 4 underwent MD simulation, validating its stability and successfully satisfying all in silico parameters, necessitating further synthesis and screening for in-vitro antimicrobial activity. These novel oxindole scaffolds could thus serve as promising leads for effective antibacterial drugs.
A Human Embryonic Stem Cell-derived Neural Stem Cell Senescence Model Triggered By Oxidative Stress
Authors: Pan Hui , Bao Li , Ji Meng , Lyu Zhengbing , Qi Nianmin , Wu Yuehong
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are vulnerable to oxidative stress, which triggers
aging and subsequently leads to a reduced regenerative capacity of the central nervous system
(CNS). Due to the challenges in acquiring aged human NSCs and the lack of an oxidative stressinduced
aging model specifically designed for human NSCs, research related to the aging mechanisms
and the screening of anti-aging drugs have been limited. Here, we aimed to establish an oxidative
stress-induced senescence model of NSCs by using D-galactose (D-gal).

Methods:

Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) were differentiated into hESC-NSCs using a type I
collagen method. hESC-NSCs were characterized by flow cytometry combined with immunofluorescence.
A senescence model of hESC-NSCs was established using D-gal and characterized by CCK-8
assay, neurosphere formation, crystal violet staining, DNA damage assay, SA-β-gal staining and
ROS levels measurement. To further explore the profile of gene expression in D-gal-induced hESCNSCs
senescence model, transcriptome sequencing was performed and analysed by bioinformatics
method, following verified by qPCR.

Results:

The hESC-derived NSCs senescence model demonstrated reduced proliferation and elevated
β-galactosidase activity, accompanied by DNA damage and increased levels of reactive oxygen
species. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis unveiled the potential central role of the MAPK signaling
pathway in D-gal-induced senescence, which involves the key genes including DDIT3, ATF3,
CEBPB, JUN, and CCND1.

Conclusion:

We presented an oxidative stress-induced senescence model of hESC-NSCs and identified
key pathways and genes related to D-gal-induced senescence. Our study might offer an alternative
approach for investigating human NSC aging and provide valuable data for understanding the
underlining mechanisms of oxidative stress-induced aging.
Empagliflozin and Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World Case-Control Study
Authors: Tassone Francesco , Ferreri Cinzia , Rossi Arianna , Borretta Giorgio , Pastorini Guido , Anastasio Fabio , Feola Mauro
Published: February 2025

Background:

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have demonstrated
beneficial cardiovascular and renal effects in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Objective:

The objective of this case-control study was to evaluate the efficacy of empagliflozin
in modifying the arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods:

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and other parameters of arterial stiffness were assessed at
baseline and after three months of empagliflozin treatment in 16 consecutive outpatients with type
2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibiting normal left ventricular function and no signs of heart failure.
A control group of 16 T2DM outpatients not treated with SGLT2 inhibitors was used for comparison.

Results:

Duration of diabetes mellitus and sex distribution did not differ between groups. Patients
in the empagliflozin group were younger compared to controls (64.1 ± 8.68 vs 74.45 ± 8.13, p <
0.05). At 3-month follow-up, empagliflozin treatment significantly reduced HbA1c (7.9 ± 0.78 vs
7.04 ± 1.09%, p < 0.008). Empagliflozin significantly improved PWV compared to controls (from
13.2 ± 2.0 m/sec to 12.3 ± 1.8 m/sec; P = 0.001; in the control group 12.8 ± 2.3m/s to 13.2 ± 2.4,
p = ns, with age and HbA1c as covariates) as well as body weight that significantly reduced
(86.75 ± 16.16 kg vs 81.71 ± 16.5 kg, p =0.001) and BMI (30.48 ± 5.4 versus 28.75 ± 5.66 kg/m2,
p < 0.002) in comparison to controls. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) remained
unchanged whereas a significant improvement of urine Albumin to Creatinine ratio with empagliflozin
emerged (17.8 ± 46.8 vs 12.2 ± 35.7 mg/mmol, p = 0.049).

Conclusion:

In this clinical study, mid-term treatment with empagliflozin in patients with type 2
diabetes mellitus (T2DM) resulted in a significant reduction in arterial stiffness. Additionally, the
improvement in the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio suggests a potential enhancement in endothelial
function.
Updates on Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Paudyal Vivek , Thapa Rubi , Basnet Sagarika , Sharma Munish , Surani Salim , Varon Joseph
Published: February 2025

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is an uncommon condition with high mortality. It is an underrecognized condition both in developing and developed countries, especially in developing countries, due to a lack of advanced healthcare facilities and resources for timely diagnosis. More than half of the individuals diagnosed with PAH live less than five years after diagnosis. In recent years, tremendous advancements have been made in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for PAH patients. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists, and prostacyclin inhibitors in various forms (oral, inhaled, intravenous, or subcutaneous) have been the cornerstone of medical treatment. Atrial septostomy, heart and lung transplant, balloon pulmonary angioplasty, and pulmonary thromboendarterectomy are existing therapeutic options currently available. There has been a continuous effort to introduce newer therapies to improve life expectancy and modify disease. Newer therapies have shown promising results but require future data to guarantee long-term safety and efficacy. We aim to discuss a few of these critical updates in the constantly evolving field of PAH.
Effect of Mediterranean diet adapted to the Mexican population on indicators of metabolic risk in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. MEDIMEXOSA-STUDY (Preprint)
Authors: Torres San Miguel Gittaim Pammela , Sevilla González María de la Luz , López Ramírez Eduardo , Flores López María Fernanda , Velázquez López Lubia
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by episodes of intermittent airway obstruction during deep sleep or REM. It is associated to cardiometabolic risk diseases. The base treatment is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), to which not all patients adapt. The Mediterranean diet has proven to be effective in reducing cardiovascular risk markers; however, it must be adapted to different populations. Among OSA patients, it can effectively reduce clinical entity and cardiometabolic risk, while improving quality of life and sleep.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effect of a Mediterranean diet adapted to Mexican diet versus a standard nutritional treatment on metabolic risk indicators in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

METHODS

A randomized, two-arm clinical trial will be conducted with OSA patients from the Hospital, Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS) in Mexico. Patients will be randomly included in the group assigned Mediterranean diet adapted to Mexican foods or in that given a standard diet for OSA. Fasting blood samples will be drawn after 6 and 12 months to identify glucose levels and lipid profiles. Anthropometric and body composition measurements will be taken, and adherence to diet will be recorded after 3, 6, and 12 months. Sleep quality, physical exercise, and life quality will be recorded basally and after 12 months.

RESULTS

The protocol was authorized in 2024, and funding is sought for patient follow-up, including patients and RCT, in 2025. Recruiting will start in March 2025, and data analysis and results are expected to be completed by February 2026.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of the present RCT will contribute to evaluate the effect of a nutritional intervention adapted to OSA patients, seeking to reduce cardiovascular risk indicators in patients, improve their clinical condition, reduce OSA symptoms, and improve patients’ quality of life.

CLINICALTRIAL

NCT06782737; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06278571