bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Dukungan Sosial terhadap Work Family Conflict pada Guru yang Sudah Menikah
Authors: Nuldela Anes Julia , Erliana Yossy Dwi , Insan Imammul
Published: July 2024

This study aims to investigate how social support impacts work-family conflict among married teachers in Alas District, Sumbawa Regency. The research adopts a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The study's population comprised all married female teachers working at the junior/senior high school level in Alas District, Sumbawa Regency, totaling 97 individuals. The sampling method employed was total sampling, resulting in a total sample size of 97 participants. Findings indicated a significant relationship between social support and work-family conflict among married female teachers in Alas District, with a significance level of Sig. 0.000 < 0.05. Social support was found to contribute 40.9% to work-family conflict, while 59.1% was influenced by other variables.
Implementasi Program Daily Activity Menggunakan Kata Ajaib dalam Pembentukan Karakter Sopan Santun Kelompok B1 TK Pertiwi Sowankidul
Authors: Wiranti Dwiana Asih , Nisa Rohmatun
Published: July 2024

Character education is one of the most important things that young children should get as 80% of their brain development occurs during that time. A lack of respect and regard for others might be influenced by the absence of character education in early life. One of the key institutions in helping kids develop their character is their school, and instructors there have a significant influence on how kids behave. The purpose of this study is to explain how a daily activity program that uses magic words to develop polite character is implemented. This study employs a case study methodology and a qualitative research strategy. Interviews and observation were the research methods employed in this study. According to the study's findings, kids are becoming more aware of the usage of "magic words" (sorry, please, thank you, and excuse me) and their conduct is changing as a result. After executing the daily activity program that uses magic words in the construction of polite character, children who had not previously understood the value of utilizing them in everyday life to create polite character now understand it better and are able to use it in their daily lives.
The Classroom Management in English Language Teaching
Authors: Khansir Ali Akbar , Mirzaei Mostafa
Published: July 2024

This paper examined a review study of the classroom management in English language teaching. Classroom Management is one of the important aspects of English language teaching is directly related to the job of English teachers in their classrooms. The successful of the English teacher is related to the ability of the teacher in managing his / her class. Today, the classroom management is an art as well as a science for the English teacher in order to become effective teacher in EFL or ESL classrooms. The teacher can use the art and science of his / her teaching English along with various classroom activities to motivate his/ her students to gain confidence in the learning of English. The classroom management in English classrooms is an important factor that contributes to success in English language teaching and learning.  When we condider about the classroom management, the classroom management cannot be studied properly without touching upon the study of psychological problems, learner problems, and linguistic problems. This study reviews classroom management is known as one of the big challenges of the teacher in controlling ELT classroom.
TBMM’DE TEMSİL EDİLEN SİYASİ PARTİ LİDERLERİNİN TWITTER KULLANIMI ÜZERİNE MAXQDA İLE NİTEL VERİ ANALİZİ
Authors: Çelik Ramazan
Published: July 2024

Yeni medya platformları bireysel amaçlarının dışında da artık birçok mecrada önemli iletişim araçları olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ekonomik, siyasi, kültürel birçok amaç için kullanılan bu platformlar bir güç aracı olarak kitleleri etkilemek içinde kullanılmaktadır. Bu durum daha çok siyasi amaçlar doğrultusunda bizzat siyasiler tarafından değerlendirilmektedir. Dünyanın her yerinde özellikle siyasi liderlerin sosyal medya hesaplarını siyasal iletişim bağlamında oldukça aktif kullandıkları görülmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışma Türkiye’de aktif siyaset yapan siyasilerin Twitter hesaplarını incelemektedir. Çalışma 27. Yasama döneminde TBMM’de sandalyesi bulunan siyasi parti liderlerinin Twitter hesaplarının analizinden ibarettir ve kapsam olarak sadece bu siyasi partilerin liderlerinin hesapları incelenmektedir. Çalışmada 13-20 Şubat 2023 tarihleri arasında sosyal medya platformu olan mikroblog uygulaması Twitter’da bulunan kullanıcı hesapları Maxqda nitel veri analizi programı ile analiz edilmektedir.
Listeria monocytogenes: SOROTIPOS E LINHAGENS
Authors: Rodrigues Vanessa de Souza , Chagas Thiago Pavoni Gomes
Published: July 2024

A listeriose é uma doença de origem alimentar que pode ser grave e mortal em grupos de alto risco, que inclui pacientes imunocomprometidos, idosos, neonatos e  gestantes. A maioria dos casos de listeriose são esporádicos, mas há relatos surtos ao redor do mundo. Entre as espécies do gênero Listeria, L. monocytogenes é a principal espécie patogênica que afeta tanto animais quanto humanos. L. monocytogenes é caracterizada como uma bactéria Gram-positiva, não formadora de esporos, não encapsulada, móvel, anaeróbica facultativa e intracelular. A transmissão ocorre através da ingestão de alimentos contaminados. L. monocytogenes é uma espécie geneticamente heterogênea dividida em diferentes sorotipos e linhagens filogenéticas. Nesse trabalho, apresentamos uma breve revisão narrativa sobre os sorotipos e linhagens desta espécie bacteriana.
INOVAÇÃO NA PEDIATRIA: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA NA FORMAÇÃO DE UM GRUPO DE TRABALHO INTERDISCIPLINAR EM UMA CLÍNICA PEDIÁTRICA DE UM HOSPITAL DA EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE SERVIÇOS HOSPITALARES – EBSERH
Authors: Silva Fabilly Galvão , Costa Emerson de Oliveira , Rego Mabelly Cavalcante , Tavares Carlos Henrique Falcão , Voss Fernanda Ferreira , Hagen Básia Menezes , Almeida Lanusia Nunes , Lima Thatiane Albuquerque da Costa
Published: July 2024

Este Relato de Experiência é resultado de um projeto da disciplina de Interprofissionalidade e Interdisciplinaridade no Ensino na Saúde, do Mestrado de Ensino e Pesquisa em Saúde da Faculdade de Medicina, da Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Com a proposta dos docentes da disciplina para melhorar a atuação da equipe interdisciplinar no campo de atuação dos discentes. Identificou-se a atuação de equipe interdisciplinar em uma clínica pediátrica, onde foi iniciado um projeto dentro deste setor e para isso, foi constituído um Grupo de Trabalho para esclarecimento multidisciplinar aos pais dos pacientes da Clínica. É relatado sobre a criação e atuação bem-sucedida do grupo interdisciplinar, com o propósito de ampliar a atuação da equipe na clínica. Diante da necessidade de oferecer suporte informativo e emocional aos pais e acompanhantes, o grupo foi concebido com uma abordagem interdisciplinar. Os objetivos são a promoção de comunicação efetiva e o fornecimento de informações claras sobre o diagnóstico do paciente. Ainda, os desafios enfrentados durante o processo são abordados e as estratégias adotadas para superá-los. Os resultados obtidos apontam para uma melhoria perceptível na compreensão dos pais, na melhora do estresse no ambiente e no fortalecimento da qualidade do atendimento aos pacientes.
Kayıtdışı Ekonominin Sektörel Analizi: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: Sarıdoğan Hasan Önder
Published: July 2024

Amaç: Kayıtdışı ekonomi ekonomik faaliyetlerin resmi ulusal gelir hesaplarına kaydedilmemesi veya eksik kaydedilmesi olarak tanımlanabilir. Türkiye’de kayıtdışı ekonominin büyüklüğü milli gelirin yaklaşık %25’ini oluşturmaktadır (Elgin vd., 2021). Bir başka deyişle Türkiye ekonomisindeki faaliyetlerin dörtte biri kayıt dışıdır. Bu bağlamda, Türk ekonomisinin en temel sorunlarından biri olan kayıtdışı faaliyetlerin nedenlerinin belirlenmesi önem arz etmektedir.
Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, 1990-2018 dönemi yıllık verileri kullanılarak Türkiye’deki tarım, sanayi, imalat ve hizmetler sektörü dağılımının kayıtdışı ekonomi üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla öncelikle Genişletilmiş Dickey Fuller ve Phillips-Perron birim kök testleri kullanılarak değişkenlerin durağanlıkları sınanmıştır. Değişkenlerin düzeyde ve birinci farklarında durağan olduğu tespit edildikten sonra Gecikmesi Dağıtılmış Otoregresif sınır testi ile değişkenlerdeki eşbütünleşme ilişkisi sınanmıştır. Değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli bir eşbütünleşme ilişkisi tespit edildiğinden Gecikmesi Dağıtılmış Otoregresif modeli genel tahmin sonuçları ile uzun ve kısa dönem katsayıları belirlenmiştir.
Bulgular: Analiz sonuçlarına göre, GSYH içinde tarımın payı %1 arttığında kayıtdışı ekonomi %0,79 artmaktadır. Buna karşın GSYH içinde sanayi sektörünün payı %1 arttıkça kayıtdışı ekonomi %0,82 ve hizmetler sektörünün payı %1 arttığında kayıtdışı ekonomi %1,12 azalmaktadır. Ampirik sonuçlar, Türkiye’de tarım sektörünün kayıtdışı ekonomiyi arttırdığını göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda gerekli politika önlemlerinin alınarak olası çözüm yollarının geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir.
Özgünlük: Literatürde ağırlıklı olarak kayıtdışı ekonomiyi tahmin etme yönünde araştırmalar mevcuttur. Ancak tarım, sanayi, hizmetler gibi temel sektörlerin Türkiye GSMH’si içindeki gelişiminin kayıtdışılık üzerindeki etkisini araştıran çalışmaya rastlanılmamıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada kullanılan yöntem, açıklayıcı, kontrol ve kukla değişkenler bağlamında benzer çalışmalardan farklılaşmaktadır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre, Türkiye’de GSMH içinde tarım sektörünün payı arttıkça kayıtdışı ekonomi artmaktadır. Çalışmanın bu sonucu tarım sektörü özelinde gerekli politikaların uygulanması yönünde yol gösterici olabilecektir
ILO’da “Grev Krizi” ve Uluslararası Adalet Divanı Süreci
Authors: Köse Sevda
Published: July 2024

Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü (ILO), insan haklarının evrimsel sırasını değiştirerek sosyal hakların uluslararasılaşmasını sağlayan üçlülük özelliğine sahip yegâne örgüttür. Örgütlenme özgürlüğünü kurucu ve Anayasal ilke olarak benimseyen ILO, denetim organlarının vermiş olduğu kararlar doğrultusunda grev hakkının örgütlenme özgürlüğünün doğasına içkin bir hak olduğunu kabul etmiştir ve bu doğrultuda 1950’lerden bu yana bir içtihat birikiminden söz edilebilir. Bu istikrarlı içtihat sonucunda grev hakkının 87 sayılı sözleşme tarafından güvence altına alındığı şeklindeki yaklaşıma, işverenlerin 1990’lı yıllarda itiraz etmeye başladıkları görülmüştür. Bu itirazların “grev krizine” dönüşmesi 2012 yılında meydana gelmiştir. ILO’nun işleyişini çıkmaza sokan, ILO denetim mekanizmasının ve üçlülük ilkesinin meşruiyetinin sorgulanmasına sebep olan sürece 2015 yılında sağlanan uzlaşı ile geçici bir çözüm üretilmiştir. 2023 yılına kadar bu uyuşmazlığın herhangi bir sosyal diyalog mekanizmasıyla çözüme ulaşmadığı gerçeğinden hareketle 2023’te “grev krizi” yeni bir dönemece girmiş ve grevin ILO sözleşmelerindeki yeri konusunda Uluslararası Adalet Divanı’na (UAD) başvurulmuştur. 2023 yılında grev krizinin çözümü için UAD’a yapılan başvuru ile krizin sonlanması beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada ILO’da grev krizinin başlangıcından bugüne gelişimi ele alınacak ve 2023 krizi irdelenecektir. “Grev krizi” ve UAD başvurusu değerlendirilecektir. ILO’nun yetmiş yıllık grev içtihadının ve grev hakkının uluslararası çalışma normları bağlamında geleceğinin ne olacağı konusunda UAD’ın 2025 yılı içinde vermesi beklenen kararın rolü büyük olacaktır.
Flora de la Reserva Tapichalaca-Fundación Jocotoco, Valladolid, Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador Arbustal siempreverde y Herbazal del Páramo
Authors: Pinta Pineda Gabriela , Jaramillo Díaz Nelson , Martínez González-Quevedo Jennifer , Aguirre Mendoza Zhofre , Moreno Silva Juan Sebastián , Santiago Ayala Elizabeth , Minga Ochoa Danilo
Published: July 2024

La Reserva Tapichalaca es propiedad de la Fundación Jocotoco Ecuador, es reconocida internacionalmente por ser el hábitat de una de las aves más raras del mundo Grallaria ridgelyi (gralaria-jocotoco), este hallazgo fue gracias al ornitólogo Dr. Robert Ridgely. La Fundación tiene una gran extensión de 3 925 hectáreas de bosque montano y páramo, con un alto grado de endemismo. La reserva cuenta con ocho senderos como Jocotoco, Quebrada Honda, Tapir, Páramo, Las Pavas, Las Tangaras, Sendero Ondulado Antpitta y Piha, en los que se puede observar extraordinarias especies de flora y fauna que son parte del plan de conservación de la biodiversidad de la Fundación.
En esta guía se presentan 75 especies vegetales que crecen y se desarrollan en las formaciones vegetales: Arbustal siempreverde y Herbazal del Páramo ubicado en la cordillera de Sabanilla, en el sector Ventanillas en dirección a las crestas de montaña, en la vía que conecta las parroquias de Yangana de la provincia de Loja y Valladolid de la provincia de Zamora Chinchipe, cuya altitud oscila entre 2200–3300 m s.n.m., donde predomina vegetación de tipo herbácea y  arbustiva, asociada a esta última pocos elementos epifitos, la cual está restringida a zonas altas, con intensas precipitaciones y bajas temperaturas.
Este documento es el resultado de la expedición botánica que se desarrolló por una colaboración entre la Fundación Jocotoco y el equipo técnico del Herbario “Reinaldo Espinosa” -LOJA-, de la Universidad Nacional de Loja, como parte del proyecto 014-DI-FARNR-2023, con el objetivo de recopilar información relevante de la diversidad florística, para mejorar el conocimiento local-científico que servirá de insumo importante para la toma de decisiones para el manejo que garanticen la conservación de la biodiversidad de la reserva.
Practicas agronómicas en el cultivo de maíz (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Crosby-Galván María M. , Mendoza-Pedroza Sergio I. , Antonio-Medina Anadelia , Vázquez Valeria
Published: July 2024

El Maíz (Zea Mays L.) es uno de los cereales más consumidos en México, con gran importancia alimentaria y socioeconómica donde cada año se destina para la siembra 8.5 millones de hectáreas, lo que representa el 65 % de la producción total de cereales. En la actualidad la producción de Maíz se ha visto afectada por problemas asociados a la baja productividad en unidad de superficie, donde intervienen factores como el cambio climático, aumento de temperatura global, cambios en los patrones de precipitación, la pérdida del suelo, mal uso en el tipo y cantidad de fertilizantes, escasez de agua, problemas fitosanitarios que afectan a la planta directamente en su desarrollo y valor nutricional, los cual ha ejercido cierta presión por tener mayor rendimiento en el cultivo de maíz pero también sobre el hecho de presentar mejor valor  nutricional que favorezca el buen desarrollo de sus consumidores.
Producción agroecológica de lima Persa: una alternativa sustentable en la región centro del estado de Veracruz
Authors: CARDENAS-CAGAL ANGEL , Gutiérrez-Rivera Beatriz , Hernández-Rosas Francisco , Herrera-Corredor José Andrés , Osorio-Acosta Francisco , Salinas-Ruiz Josafhat , Salomón-Meza Elías
Published: July 2024

Se estableció una huerta agroecológica de lima Persa en la comunidad del Jícaro, ubicada en el municipio de Tierra Blanca, Veracruz. Se utilizaron plantas de lima Persa injertadas sobre Citrus volkameriana Pasq. Desde la fase inicial de preparación del terreno, se implementaron prácticas agroecológicas. Los bioinsumos empleados en este estudio incluyeron composta de ganado bovino, bocashi, supermagro, caldo sulfocálcico, caldo de ceniza, ácidos húmicos y bio-neem. Los frutos obtenidos bajo este sistema de manejo agroecológico cumplen con los estándares de calidad exigidos por el mercado. Destacan por su peso promedio de 124.6 g y su diámetro ecuatorial de 58.6 mm, correspondiente al calibre 175 de limones de primera para Estados Unidos. Además, exhiben una excelente acidez (7.01) y un alto contenido de vitamina C (42.42 mg/100 mL). Es relevante mencionar que valores superiores a 40 mg/100 mL son considerados altos para lima Persa. Es importante resaltar que mediante esta metodología es factible alcanzar hasta un 90% de frutos de primera calidad y rendimientos de 18 toneladas por hectárea, sin que se observe una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en comparación con una huerta de manejo convencional.
Evaluación de material lignocelulósico como sustituto de la tierra de monte en la producción de plantas ornamentales
Authors: Jaimes-Yescas Mónica I. , Hernández-González Irving , Flores-Macías Antonio
Published: July 2024

El uso de sustratos en contenedores o macetas para el cultivo de plantas se ha incrementado en los últimos 50 años, principalmente en cultivos ornamentales. Se debe entender como cultivo de plantas en sustratos, al método que involucra el desarrollo del sistema radical sin el uso de suelo como medio de anclaje, por lo que el sustrato tendrá que garantizar una adecuada provisión de agua, oxígeno y nutrientes para la planta, así como ser el medio físico que le brinde un soporte adecuado
Implementation of Innovative Healthcare Infrastructure Projects: the Experience of Spain
Authors: Domínguez-Amarillo Samuel , Mykhailovska Olena
Published: July 2024

The article focuses on the implementation of innovative healthcare infrastructure projects, with a pilot case in Spain. It emphasizes the critical role of innovation and advance capabilities systems for healthcare for enhancing service quality and creating productive environments aligned with sustainable development principles. The article demonstrates the complexity of implementing social projects and the problems of their dissemination. It explores the key elements of implementing innovative healthcare infrastructure projects (using the example of health-oriented advanced lighting in medical facilities). The methodology incorporates a comprehensive analysis of current lighting technologies in medical institutions and their impact on both staff and patients. The study explores the adoption of biodynamic lighting systems, which adapt to human circadian rhythms, thereby contributing to health and well-being. The methodology incorporates a comprehensive analysis of current lighting technologies in medical institutions and their impact on both staff and patients. The article discusses the project CHRONOlight, implemented in a central Hospital, aiming to develop and optimize a biodynamic lighting system. The project serves as a model for integrating innovative lighting solutions in healthcare facilities, showcasing the potential for significant improvements in patient care and worker productivity. The findings suggest that innovative lighting technologies are essential for advancing healthcare infrastructure towards more sustainable and effective practices. The emphasis is on the necessity of engaging stakeholders in the implementation process of innovations, and their characterization is described using the CHRONOlight project as an example. The need for using a project communication management model is highlighted, and a model for managing project communications for CHRONOlight is proposed.  
Статтю розміщено в рамках грантової програми ГО «НАУКОВО-ОСВІТНІЙ ІННОВА-ЦІЙНИЙ ЦЕНТР СУСПІЛЬНИХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙ» за підсумками Конкурсу індивідуальнихгрантів «Ініціатива підтримки науковців» https://reicst.sgv.in.ua/index.php/naukovi-osvitniproekti-b/grantovi-programi/79-konkurs-individualnikh-grantiv-initsiativa-pidtrimki-naukovtsiv
MARKA HUKUKUNDA SESSİZ KALMA YOLUYLA HAK KAYBINDA KÖTÜNİYET KAVRAMI
Authors: Uzun Şenol Pınar
Published: July 2024

6769 sayılı Sınai Mülkiyet Kanunu md. 25/6 ile marka hukuku kapsamında yasal dayanağı oluşan sessiz kalma yoluyla hak kaybı, sonraki tarihli marka sahibi tarafından kullanılabilecek bir savunma nedenidir. Bu savunma, sonraki tarihli marka sahibi tarafından hakkını kaybetme riskini taşıyan önceki hak sahibi aleyhine salt markanın hükümsüzlüğü davasında ileri sürülür.
Sessiz kalma yoluyla hak kaybı savunmasının kabul edilmesi, sonraki tarihli marka sahibi tarafından meydana gelen ihlali hukuka uygun hâle getirmektedir. Ancak, bu düzenlemenin tek istisnası sonraki tarihli marka sahibinin kötüniyetli olmasıdır. İlgili maddenin uygulanma esası açısından da kötüniyetli olma hâlinin nitelendirilmesi gerekir. Ancak, sessiz kalma yoluyla hak kaybında kötüniyet kavramı, Kanunda ayrı bir madde içerisinde ve detaylı bir şekilde düzenlenmemiştir. Öte yandan, kötüniyetli olma hâlinin oluşumuna dair öğretide farklı görüşlere yer verilmiş ve Yargıtay’ın da aksi yönde verdiği kararlar olmuştur. Kötüniyetin tespitinin ardından kötüniyetin aranacağı anın da belirlenmesi, sessiz kalma yoluyla hak kaybı savunmasında dikkate alınması gereken diğer önemli unsurdur. Öyle ki, kötüniyetin sonraki markanın tescil edildiği andan itibaren var olması ile daha sonradan oluşması, sessiz kalma yoluyla hak kaybı savunmasının uygulanabilirliğinde farklılıklar meydana getirir. Bu itibarla, kötüniyetin aranacağı anın tespiti ile birlikte, kötüniyetin başlangıçtan beri var olmasının savunmanın geçerliliğine olan etkisi ve kötüniyete rağmen uzun süre sonra dava açılmasının savunmaya olası etkisinin, öğreti ve Yargıtay kararları doğrultusunda, değerlendirilmesi önem arz eder.
Spatially-Resolved Freestream Velocity Measurements At The NASA Langley 31-Inch Mach 10 Air Tunnel Using FLEET
Authors: Rodrigues Neil S. , Tyrrell Olivia K. , Danehy Paul M.
Published: July 2024

Freestream velocity measurements in the NASA Langley 31-inch Mach 10 wind tunnel are reported in this paper using Femtosecond Laser Electronic Excitation Tagging (FLEET). The freestream measurements acquired during the January 2023 test campaign were the first direct measurement of freestream velocity in this hypersonic wind tunnel facility. Spatial distributions of time-averaged and instantaneous velocity measurements were obtained at all three typical wind tunnel freestream unit Reynolds number conditions of Re∞ /L = 1800000 [1/m] , 3600000 [1/m], and 6400000 [1/m], though the current paper focuses on centerline measurements for the three Re∞ /L and spatial distributions for one Re∞ /L. Measured values for time-averaged velocity and mean of the instantaneous velocity at the wind tunnel centerline agree within 5 m/s or 0.4% of the calculated velocity from the facility data acquisition system. Measurements acquired at locations away from the wind tunnel centerline reveal the spatial extent of the core flow of the hypersonic facility.
Challenges to Radio Advertising in the Face of Emerging Social Media and Digital Advertising
Authors: Upadhyay Dr. Amit Kumar
Published: July 2024

The traditional dominance of radio advertising in marketing strategies is increasingly challenged by the rapid evolution and widespread adoption of social media and digital advertising platforms. This research paper explores the nuanced challenges that radio advertising encounters in this shifting landscape, comparing its strengths and weaknesses against emerging digital alternatives. Drawing on comprehensive research and industry insights, the paper provides strategic recommendations for radio advertisers to effectively navigate and harness opportunities amidst these transformative changes.
Analisis Kesalahan Berbahasa dalam Menulis Teks Pidato Bahasa Arab Siswi Kelas 5 Pondok Modern Arrisalah Ponorogo
Authors: Patmalia Nia
Published: July 2024

This study aims to describe and explore: 1) Forms of language errors, 2) Factors causing language errors, 3) Efforts that can be made to minimize language errors in writing Arabic speech texts for grade 5 students. This study uses a qualitative content analysis approach. on language errors in 3 samples of Arabic speech texts for 5th grade Arrisalah Islamic Boarding School students in the 2019 Academic Year. The results showed language errors at the phonological level, morphological level, syntactic level, and semantic level. Factors that cause language errors that affect these errors are: mother tongue interference, inability to obey Arabic rules, compulsion to use Arabic, and ignoring penalties for language violators. Solutions to minimize errors are: nahwu and sharaf learning innovation, referring to Arabic mu'jam, adding insight into Arabic and improving language skills, being serious in writing speech texts, motivating students to be enthusiastic in using Arabic holding ishlah al-lughah and activities with Arabic themes, as well as increasing discipline in the use of language.
تطوير المواد التعليمية على أساس السّمعيّة الشّفويّة لترقيّة مهارة الاستماع لطلبة الفصل الأوّل المكفوفين في مؤسسة "عائيشية" بفونوروكو
Authors: Mahanani Rizka Beladina
Published: July 2024

يهدف هذا البحث إلى البيان عن مواصفات المواد التعليمية على أساس السّمعيّة الشّفويّة لترقيّة مهارة الاستماع لطلبة الفصل الأوّل المكفوفين في مؤسسة "عائيشية" بفونوروكو والبيان عن مدى فعاليته. ويستخدم هذا البحث منهج البحث والتطوير، الذي تقدم سوغيونو من قيل برغ وغال (Barg and Gall) وجمعت البيانات بطريقة الملاحظة والمقابلة والاستبانة والاختبارات والوثيقية. ثمّ حللت بأسلوبين: التحليل الوصفي والتحليل الكمي باستخدام البرنامج SPSS بالرمز Paired Sample t-Test. وتدل النتائج على أن مواصفات الكتاب المدرسي المواد التعليمية على أساس السّمعيّة الشّفويّة المقتترح هي الكتاب المدرسي الورقي لطلبة الذي يتركب من الغلاف الخارجي والمقدمة ومحتويات الكتاب وتعريف بكتاب الطلبة ومعيار الكفاءة والكفاءة الأساسية ومؤشرات تدريس ودليل الطلبة وموضوع الدرس وأهداف التدريس والنموذج والمفردات والملاحضة النحوية والتدريبات وكلمة الحكمة وقائمة المراجع. وأن تلك الكتاب المدرسي المقترح فعال لترقية مهارة الاستماع في تعلّم اللغة العربية لدى الطلبة بدرجة الفعالية تجريبة الأوّل ودل هذا الاختبار على أن نتيجة Sig. (2-tailed) في هذا البحث  0،001 أقل من 0،005 ومن تجريبة الثانية دل هذا الاختبار على أن نتيجة Sig. (2-tailed) في هذا البحث 0،000 أقل من 0،005وهما ناجحتان.
The Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire for Teachers: Psychometric Properties Using the Bifactor ESEM Framework
Authors: Dierendonck Christophe
Published: July 2024

This study is aimed at validating the French version of the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire for Teachers. The instrument was pretested before being administered in a large-scale study with elementary school teachers. Dimensionality of the instrument was examined using the bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) framework. The bifactor ESEM model showed the best fitting indices and parameters. Importantly, results suggested the existence of a continuum for ERI data concerning elementary teachers. The instrument showed concurrent validity with several measures of mental health, job satisfaction and work-life balance.
Program Development for Enhancing Teachers’ Competencies in Teaching Railway Control and Maintenance in Vocational Colleges under the Office of Vocational Education Commission
Authors: Lertlam Kosol , Sirisuthi Chaiyuth , Prasertporn Vanich
Published: July 2024

Teacher competency is crucial for the quality development of learners. Teachers with high competence in learning management will result in high-quality learners. This research aims 1) to study the components and indicators of teachers’ competency in teaching railway control and maintenance. 2) to study current conditions, desirable conditions, methods of development, and needs for the development of teachers’ competency in teaching railway control and maintenance. 3) to design and develop a teachers’ competency-enhancing program in teaching railway control and maintenance, and 4) to study the results of implementing the teacher competency-enhancing program in teaching railway control and maintenance. The methodology was research and development conducted in 4 Phases as follows according to the objectives. The results showed that 1) Components and indicators of teachers’ competency in teaching railway control and maintenance have 5 components, and 17 indicators, confirmed by experts, are appropriate at the highest level. 2) Current condition, teachers’ competency in teaching railway control and maintenance, overall was moderate level. The desirable condition, overall was at the highest level. Competency development methods consist of (a) Training, (b) Self-learning, (c) Workshops, (d) Study visits, and (e) Work practice in the workplace, and the priorities of the needs for competency development, including (a) Self-development, (b) Ethics and professional ethics of teachers, (c) Measurement and evaluation of learning outcomes, (d) Curriculum administration and learning management, and (d) Building relationships and cooperation with the community for learning management, respectively. 3) Teachers’ Competency Enhancing Program in Teaching Railway Control and Maintenance consists of (a) Principles, (b) Objectives, (c) Model and development methods, (d) Contents and developing activities consisting of 5 Modules, and (e) Measurement and Evaluation. The result of the program evaluation by qualified experts was appropriate, utility, and possibility at the highest level. 4) The results of implementing the teachers’ competency-enhancing program in teaching railway control and maintenance were used. It was found that (a) knowledge of teacher competency in teaching railway control and maintenance before development received an average score of 17.70 out of 30, representing 58.99% after development, receiving an average score of 25.90, representing 86.33%. Knowledge after development was higher than before development. (b) Teachers’ competencies and overall performance before development were at a moderate level. After development was at the highest level, and (c) the results of the program satisfaction assessment by participants overall and all aspects are at the highest level.
Global Perspectives on Education: A Cross-Cultural Comparisons in the Philippines and Cambodia
Authors: Serey Mardy , Taboada Judith S. , Fernandez Maureen May R.
Published: July 2024

Education is a central pillar for economic growth and societal development in any country. Many developing nations such as the Philippines and Cambodia face extensive barriers in establishing high-quality, equitable education structures to meet the needs of all citizens. The objective of this case study is to offer the examination of education systems in the Philippines and Cambodia and analyzes persistent inequities in access, variable quality and lack of inclusion, especially for remote, poor and minority groups. As methodology, the related information and documents will be collected and reviewed to draw the main constraints, challenges and socio-economic disparities in accessing to the education. Results showed that strategies like decentralized governance, multilingual instruction and community school models that catalyze localized innovation are highlighted as means to enhance access and belonging within wider quality assurance frameworks. The core recommendation promotes integrated community-driven education enabling contextual decision-making on key functions while still meeting national benchmarks. This balances flexibility and consistency. Progressive decentralization stages include localized piloting, legal expansions of school authority, budget direct allocations, integrating informal programs, phased function transfers based on assessments, ongoing monitoring and evaluations driving improvements. Key insights spotlight how innovation and cooperation aid localization that respects diversity while quality depends on appropriate standardization and supports. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the challenges and opportunities within the education systems of the Philippines and Cambodia, a set of strategic recommendations is needed to propose to advance towards more inclusive and community-driven models of education. This approach empowers communities to take ownership over key functions based on contextual needs while upholding minimum quality standards. It balances localization and flexibility with wider systemic consistency.
Retaining Contractual Equilibrium through the Doctrine of Change of Circumstances: What Can Be Learned from Chinese Experiences?
Authors: Ding Chunyan
Published: July 2024

Retaining Contractual Equilibrium through the Doctrine of Change of Circumstances: What Can Be Learned from Chinese Experiences?

By carrying out a large-scale investigation of judicial decisions delivered from 2009 to April 2023, this article analyses and presents Chinese experiences in retaining contractual equilibrium through the doctrine of change of circumstances. They include the judiciary’s three-step analytical framework based on the shared assumption theory and the contractual equilibrium theory, categorisation of the disrupted contractual equilibrium caused by a change of circumstance, and elaboration on the relationships between the three doctrines regarding unexpected circumstances (i.e. the doctrine of change of circumstances, the doctrine of frustration of the purpose of the contract and the doctrine of force majeure) under Chinese contract law. This article, for the first time, systemically elaborates on the Chinese judicial analytical approaches in applying the doctrine of change of circumstances through a large-scale investigation of judicial decisions and clearly shows the doctrine’s distinct role in the context of unexpected circumstances. The discussions help to gain a deep understanding of the application of the Chinese doctrine of change of circumstances in real life and are of great value for nourishing the comparative law discourse of the rules of unexpected circumstances.
Războiul ruso-ucrainean și impactul său asupra securității cibernetice în NATO și în UE
Authors: Radu Claudiu-Cosmin ,   Universitatea Națională de Apărare „Carol I”
Published: July 2024

Since early 2022, before the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, cyberspace has been extensively utilised, with cyber operations playing a pivotal role in information concealment, deception, and attacks on critical infrastructure. Warfare has evolved, growing more intricate, and the amalgamation of cyber actions with hard power effects is progressively causing greater disruption. Cyber actions have extended beyond Ukraine’s borders, influencing neighbouring NATO and EU member states. These incidents are as pertinent as they are perilous for the security of states on the eastern flank of the North Atlantic Alliance. This article explores the imperative for alliance cooperation and the development of cyber capabilities, doctrines, and strategies to foster a security environment conducive to the region. As a NATO and EU member state situated on the Eastern flank, Romania must remain a bastion of stability and a provider of security in the region. The alliances Romania is part of must adapt to confront these challenges.
Aeronave de lupă pentru Ucraina: o analiză a realității
Authors: Losekamm Andreea ,   Academia Națională de Informații, București
Published: July 2024

After several NATO countries agreed to supply Ukraine with tanks after months of wrangling, the Ukrainian government is intensifying its demands for Western-style fighter jets. However, even with a few Western jets, Ukraine would hardly be able to destroy the powerful Russian air defence systems. In addition, and more importantly, Western fighter jets place enormous demands on infrastructure and training. A delivery decision would primarily be a political signal of long-term support for the country. However, it would not have any impact on the battlefield at this point in time. With the pressure on western states to deliver these weapon systems, the fears of a further escalation of the Russian war of aggression in Ukraine are increasing. There is concern that Ukraine would use Western combat aircraft to bomb targets on Russian territory, which, in turn, could push Vladimir Putin to further escalate the conflict. However, even though Ukraine has already attacked targets on Russian territory without resorting to aircraft, this specific risk of escalation is overestimated. Even if the risk of escalation from Ukrainian airstrikes on Russian territory is low, a number of other factors speak against the delivery of Western combat aircraft to Ukraine in the near future. Although these are primarily of a practical and not political nature, they nevertheless make it difficult to rebuild the Ukrainian air force with modern fourth-generation jets in the near future
Vehicule aeriene de luptă fără pilot (UCAV-uri) – armele viitorului –
Authors: Bozov Ivalyo ,   Universitatea Națională Militară, Shumen, Bulgaria
Published: July 2024

Unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) are an integral part of modern military conflicts, being increasingly relied upon to perform various tasks in the interest of the armed forces. The article aims to review the most popular and used UCAVs, consider their advantages and disadvantages and describe the tasks they perform.
Potenţialul militar românesc şi sovietic – ca mijloc de securitate, în raport cu Proiectul de Convenţie de reducere şi limitarea armamentelor, dezbătut la Societatea Națiunilor, în cadrul Conferinţei Dezarmării de la Geneva, în perioada 1920-1934 –
Authors: Bălescu Valeria ,   Muzeul Militar Național „Regele Ferdinand I”
Published: July 2024

During the period analysed in this research, in order to try to remedy the deficit situation in the Armed Forces, the country’s authorities took some legislative measures, including the “Law on the Organization of the Nation and the Territory for Time of War”, promulgated on 23 April 1933, in which it was specified that “the organization of the nation and the territory has as its purpose the capitalization on all the country’s forces and resources to ensure national defence”. The act basically stipulated obligations for the conscious engagement of the entire people in the effort to strengthen the national defence, the development of own defence industry, agriculture and communications. In the same context, the importance of the Convention on the Definition of Aggression played a major role for Romania in the subsequent negotiations for the normalization of diplomatic relations with the USSR, which was accomplished on 9 June 1934.
Convenția româno-turcă (1934) – componentă esențială a Înțelegerii Balcanice –
Authors: Borcan Daniela Florentina ,   Arhivele Militare Naționale Române
Published: July 2024

In the context of the conclusion of the Balkan Pact (1934), it was necessary to sign a bilateral secret Romanian-Turkish convention. The convention was based on the strategic military purpose of Romania, namely the isolation of possible Bulgarian attacks, material conditions, the quality of forces, their concentration, the direction of interventions, but also the solution of the strategic problem of maritime traffic. The discussions on the convention, led by the Romanian delegation with Turkey’s, had as main purpose the interpretation of the secret articles, the exchange of information on Bulgaria and the proposals for solving possible problems.
Contribuția diplomației navale la securitatea maritimă regională
Authors: Scipanov Lucian Valeriu ,   Universitatea Națională de Apărare „Carol I”
Published: July 2024

In the context of the military conflict in the Black Sea region, with implications for regional security, the approach proposes a solution to strengthen international relations by capitalising on the non-coercive potential of the naval presence on the maritime communication routes in the Black Sea, starting from the premise that the Romanian Navy is the military instrument of power
through which the state projects its naval diplomacy, a mission manifested under the auspices of ways of asserting national maritime and fluvial interests. With a wide range of diplomatic instruments through which the Romanian state manifests and consolidates its geopolitical position and interests in the Black Sea and the Danube River, at the political-military level there is the possibility of using specific ways of contributing to the consolidation of regional maritime security. Practically, the proposal to carry out a regional cooperation initiative in the Black Sea, by establishing an air-land-naval battle group, under the auspices of the collaboration of allied partners, candidates, and the riverine countries of the Black Sea Extended Area. Punctually, through this approach, a solution is presented regarding the contribution of the Romanian Navy to the consolidation of regional, maritime, and fluvial security, through simple steps, resuming a previously applied model, and effectively using military instruments through regional cooperation.
Truth Decay in the Digital Age. Potential Implications for the Field of Security and Defence
Authors: Vasilescu Cezar ,   Departamentul Regional de Studii pentru Managementul Resurselor de Apărare, Codreanu Aura ,   Departamentul Regional de Studii pentru Managementul Resurselor de Apărare
Published: July 2024

In today’s interconnected world, the phenomenon of truth decay has become a significant social concern. Truth decay refers to the gradual erosion of the concept of truth and the gradual decrease of respect for objective facts, evidence and experts’ opinions, based on specialized knowledge. Facilitated by the rapid advancement of technology and the rise of social media platforms, this phenomenon has profound implications for social processes and interactions, public discourse and overall trust within modern democratic societies. This article explores the causes and consequences of truth degradation in modern society (as a broader societal phenomenon) and examines its implications for security and defence. It also explores the ways in which the truth decay can be maliciously exploited in the context of hybrid warfare, as a tool for manipulating public opinion, spreading confusion and undermining societal cohesion, and highlights the importance of addressing this issue.
The Romanian-Turkish Convention (1934) – The Essential Component of the Balkan Pact –
Authors: Borcan Daniela Florentina ,   Arhivele Militare Naționale Române
Published: July 2024

In the context of the conclusion of the Balkan Pact (1934), it was necessary to sign a bilateral secret Romanian-Turkish convention. The convention was based on the strategic military purpose of Romania, namely the isolation of possible Bulgarian attacks, material conditions, the quality of forces, their concentration, the direction of interventions, but also the solution of the strategic problem of maritime traffic. The discussions on the convention, led by the Romanian delegation with Turkey’s, had as main purpose the interpretation of the secret articles, the exchange of information on Bulgaria and the proposals for solving possible problems.
Aspects of the Activity of the 9th Mechanised Brigade “Mărășești”, Reflected in the Romanian Mass Media
Authors: Scurtu Costin ,   Muzeul Militar Național „Regele Ferdinand I”
Published: July 2024

The 9th Mechanised Brigade “Mărășești” is a mechanised infantry brigade belonging to the Romanian Land Forces. Its primary mission is to maintain stability and balance in the Black Sea region. The brigade operates in the Dobrogea province, which has an important geostrategic location in the area, serving as the NATO and EU border with the East. The brigade is the successor of the combat traditions of the Active Dobrogea Division, established on 1 November 1878. From 1902, it was known as the 9th Infantry Division, with its garrison located in Constanța. As part of the Romanian Army’s transformation strategy, the 9th Mechanised Brigade “Mărășești” took control of all units in Dobrogea from the former 34th Mechanised Brigade. On 13 September 2023, in recognition of the professionalism and the role of the Dobrogean brigade, 58 representatives of the member states of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe visited the 9th Mechanised Brigade “Mărășești”. This visit aimed to promote mutual transparency and was organised according to the provisions of the 2011 Vienna Document, which aims to increase confidence and security in Europe. This article highlights significant aspects of the Brigade’s activity, in the context of the 145 years of its existence.
Resilience, Societal Security and the Intangible Aspects of War. Ukraine’s Lessons Learned
Authors: Chifu Iulian ,   Universitatea Națională de Apărare „Carol I”
Published: July 2024

Explaining the achievements on the ground during war times, in the full-scale, high-intensity and long-term war of aggression launched by Russia in Ukraine has led us to studying the conundrum formed by resilience, societal security and the intangibles of war. The layered resilience that NATO has embraced as concept is not enough. The difference between success and failure in the Russian war of aggression in Ukraine has come from the intangibles of the war, difficult to put under nominal indicators, but more suitable to be evaluated under qualitative criteria. That has made the difference between the effectiveness of both parties in war, together with Ukraine’s societal resilience that includes both the basic indicators of societal security and an important part of the intangibles of war. We are very much aware, at the same time, that numbers do matter, and that weapons, manpower and will to fight have no alternative to grant support for any long- term war.
The Contribution of Naval Diplomacy to Regional Maritime Security
Authors: Scipanov Lucian Valeriu ,   Universitatea Națională de Apărare „Carol I”
Published: July 2024

In the context of the military conflict in the Black Sea region, with implications for regional security, the approach proposes a solution to strengthen international relations by capitalising on the non-coercive potential of the naval presence on the maritime communication routes in the Black Sea, starting from the premise that the Romanian Navy is the military instrument of power
through which the state projects its naval diplomacy, a mission manifested under the auspices of ways of asserting national maritime and fluvial interests. With a wide range of diplomatic instruments through which the Romanian state manifests and consolidates its geopolitical position and interests in the Black Sea and the Danube River, at the political-military level there is the possibility of using specific ways of contributing to the consolidation of regional maritime security. Practically, the proposal to carry out a regional cooperation initiative in the Black Sea, by establishing an air-land-naval battle group, under the auspices of the collaboration of allied partners, candidates, and the riverine countries of the Black Sea Extended Area. Punctually, through this approach, a solution is presented regarding the contribution of the Romanian Navy to the consolidation of regional, maritime, and fluvial security, through simple steps, resuming a previously applied model, and effectively using military instruments through regional cooperation.