bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Having breakfast has no clinically relevant effect on bioelectrical impedance measurements in healthy adults
Authors: Korzilius Julia W. , Oppenheimer Sosha E. , de Roos Nicole M. , Wanten Geert J. A. , Zweers Heidi
Published: October 2023

Background

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is commonly used to evaluate body composition as part of nutritional assessment. Current guidelines recommend performing BIA measurements in a fasting state of at least 2 h in a clinical setting and 8 h in a research setting. However, since asking patients with malnutrition or sarcopenia to fast is not desirable and literature to support the strategy in the guidelines is lacking, this study aimed to assess the impact of breakfast on BIA measurements.

Methods

We performed an explorative, prospective study in healthy volunteers aged between 18 and 70 years, with a normal fluid balance and a body mass index between 18.5 and 30 kg/m2. BIA measurements were performed according to the standard operating procedure in the fasting state, and 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after ingesting a standardized breakfast meal of about 400 kcal with a 150 mL drink, using the hand-to-food single-frequency BIA (Bodystat500 ®). The Kyle formula was used to calculate the primary outcome, i.e. fat-free mass (FFM, kg). A linear mixed model was used to compare baseline values with other time points. A difference of 1 kg in FFM was considered clinically relevant.

Results

Thirty-nine (85% female) volunteers were included, with a median age of 28 years (IQR 24–38). In 90% of the participants, having breakfast had no clinically relevant impact on the estimated FFM. For the group, the most pronounced mean difference, a statistically but not clinically significant higher value of 0.2 kg (0.4%), was observed after 3 h of fasting compared to baseline. No statistically significant differences were found at the other time points.

Conclusion

Eating affects single-frequency BIA measurements, but differences in FFM remain below clinical relevance for most participants when using a standardized breakfast. Thus, the current study suggests performing a BIA measurement in a fasting state is not required.
Glucose oxidase and metal catalysts combined tumor synergistic therapy: mechanism, advance and nanodelivery system
Authors: Fu Yuhan , Sun Jialin , Wang Yanhong , Li Weinan
Published: October 2023

Cancer has always posed a significant threat to human health, prompting extensive research into new treatment strategies due to the limitations of traditional therapies. Starvation therapy (ST) has garnered considerable attention by targeting the primary energy source, glucose, utilized by cancer cells for proliferation. Glucose oxidase (GOx), a catalyst facilitating glucose consumption, has emerged as a critical therapeutic agent for ST. However, mono ST alone struggles to completely suppress tumor growth, necessitating the development of synergistic therapy approaches. Metal catalysts possess enzyme-like functions and can serve as carriers, capable of combining with GOx to achieve diverse tumor treatments. However, ensuring enzyme activity preservation in normal tissue and activation specifically within tumors presents a crucial challenge. Nanodelivery systems offer the potential to enhance therapy effectiveness by improving the stability of therapeutic agents and enabling controlled release. This review primarily focuses on recent advances in the mechanism of GOx combined with metal catalysts for synergistic tumor therapy. Furthermore, it discusses various nanoparticles (NPs) constructs designed for synergistic therapy in different carrier categories. Finally, this review provides a summary of GOx-metal catalyst-based NPs (G-M) and offers insights into the challenges associated with G-M therapy, delivery design, and oxygen (O2) supply.
Body mass index impacts ectopic pregnancy during in vitro fertilization: an analysis of 42,362 clinical pregnancy cycles
Authors: Ge Xiaofei , Wang Keyan , Sun Yingpu , Bu Zhiqin
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This large, single-center, retrospective cohort study was aimed to explore the effect of female body mass index (BMI) on ectopic pregnancy (EP) following fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfers (ET).

Methods

A total of 27,600 pregnancies after fresh ET and 14,762 pregnancies after frozen-thawed ET were included between January 2010 to June 2022. Women were divided into three groups based on BMI according to the Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC), International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI): underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI, 18.5–23.9 kg/m2), and overweight or obesity (≥ 24 kg/m2). Compare EP rates among BMI categories in fresh and frozen-thawed ET cycles respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between female BMI and EP.

Results

The overall EP rates in fresh, and frozen thawed transfer cycles were 2.43% (672/27,600) and 2.82% (417/14,762), respectively. In fresh ET cycles, underweight women yielded a significantly higher EP rate than those with normal and excess weight (3.29% vs. 2.29% vs. 2.54%, P = 0.029). But EP rates did not differ among the three BMI groups (2.72% vs. 2.76% vs. 2.96%, P = 0.782) in frozen-thawed ET cycles. In fresh ET cycles, after adjusting for potential confounding factors, no significant association was found between female BMI and EP occurrence (adjusted OR: 0.98, 95% CI 0.70–1.37, P = 0.894, for BMI 18.5–23.9 kg/m2; adjusted OR: 0.89, 95% CI 0.75–1.06, P = 0.205, for BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2. Reference = BMI < 18.5 kg/m2).

Conclusion(s)

Female BMI did not affect the occurrence of ectopic pregnancy in either fresh or frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles.
Decreased HAT1 expression in granulosa cells disturbs oocyte meiosis during mouse ovarian aging
Authors: Guo Bichun , Zhang Sainan , Wang Shanshan , Zhang Huidan , Fang Junshun , Kang Nannan , Zhen Xin , Zhang Yang , Zhou Jidong , Yan Guijun , Sun Haixiang , Ding Lijun , Liu Chuanming
Published: October 2023

Background

With advanced maternal age, abnormalities during oocyte meiosis increase significantly. Aneuploidy is an important reason for the reduction in the quality of aged oocytes. However, the molecular mechanism of aneuploidy in aged oocytes is far from understood. Histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1) has been reported to be essential for mammalian development and genome stability, and involved in multiple organ aging. Whether HAT1 is involved in ovarian aging and the detailed mechanisms remain to be elucidated.

Methods

The level of HAT1 in aged mice ovaries was detected by immunohistochemical and immunoblotting. To explore the function of HAT1 in the process of mouse oocyte maturation, we used Anacardic Acid (AA) and small interfering RNAs (siRNA) to culture cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) from ICR female mice in vitro and gathered statistics of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), the first polar body extrusion (PBE), meiotic defects, aneuploidy, 2-cell embryos formation, and blastocyst formation rate. Moreover, the human granulosa cell (GC)-like line KGN cells were used to investigate the mechanisms of HAT1 in this progress.

Results

HAT1 was highly expressed in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) from young mice and the expression of HAT1 was significantly decreased in aged GCs. AA and siRNAs mediated inhibition of HAT1 in GCs decreased the PBE rate, and increased meiotic defects and aneuploidy in oocytes. Further studies showed that HAT1 could acetylate Forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FoxO1), leading to the translocation of FoxO1 into the nucleus. Resultantly, the translocation of acetylated FoxO1 increased the expression of amphiregulin (AREG) in GCs, which plays a significant role in oocyte meiosis.

Conclusion

The present study suggests that decreased expression of HAT1 in GCs is a potential reason corresponding to oocyte age-related meiotic defects and provides a potential therapeutic target for clinical intervention to reduce aneuploid oocytes.
Constructing synthetic populations in the age of big data
Authors: Nicolaie Mioara A. , Füssenich Koen , Ameling Caroline , Boshuizen Hendriek C.
Published: October 2023

Background

To develop public health intervention models using micro-simulations, extensive personal information about inhabitants is needed, such as socio-demographic, economic and health figures. Confidentiality is an essential characteristic of such data, while the data should reflect realistic scenarios. Collection of such data is possible only in secured environments and not directly available for open-source micro-simulation models. The aim of this paper is to illustrate a method of construction of synthetic data by predicting individual features through models based on confidential data on health and socio-economic determinants of the entire Dutch population.

Methods

Administrative records and health registry data were linked to socio-economic characteristics and self-reported lifestyle factors. For the entire Dutch population (n = 16,778,708), all socio-demographic information except lifestyle factors was available. Lifestyle factors were available from the 2012 Dutch Health Monitor (n = 370,835). Regression model was used to sequentially predict individual features.

Results

The synthetic population resembles the original confidential population. Features predicted in the first stages of the sequential procedure are virtually similar to those in the original population, while those predicted in later stages of the sequential procedure carry the accumulation of limitations furthered by data quality and previously modelled features.

Conclusions

By combining socio-demographic, economic, health and lifestyle related data at individual level on a large scale, our method provides us with a powerful tool to construct a synthetic population of good quality and with no confidentiality issues.
Changes of immune microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in 3D-4-culture compared to 2D-4-culture
Authors: Xiao Jian , Song Yexun , Gao Ru , You Mingyang , Deng Changxin , Tan Guolin , Li Wei
Published: October 2023

Background

The immune system plays a crucial role in initiating, progressing, and disseminating HNSCC. This study aims to investigate the differences in immune microenvironments between 2D-4-culture and 3D-4-culture models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells (FaDu), human fibroblasts (HF), human monocytes (THP-1), and human endothelial cells (HUVEC).

Methods

For the 3D-4-culture model, FaDu:HF:THP-1 (2:1:1) were inoculated in an ultra-low attachment culture plate, while HUVECs were placed in a transwell chamber. The ordinary culture plate was used for the 2D-4-culture model. Tumor-associated macrophage markers (CD163), tumor-associated fibroblast markers (FAP), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were detected by western blot. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-2, CXCL 10, IL-1 β, TNF-α, CCL 2, IL-17 A, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-12 p 70, CXCL 8, TGFβ1) in the supernatant were measured by flow cytometry. HUVEC migration was observed under a microscope. The 3D spheres were stained and observed with a confocal microscope. CCK8 assay was used to detect the resistance of mixed cells to cisplatin in both 2D-4-culture and 3D-4-culture.

Results

After three days of co-culture, the 3D-4-culture model showed increased expression levels of CD163 and FAP proteins (both P < 0.001), increased expression of E-cadherin protein and N-cadherin protein expression (P < 0.001), decreased expression of vimentin (P < 0.01) and Twist protein (P < 0.001). HUVEC migration significantly increased (P < 0.001), as did the concentrations of IP-10, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 (all P < 0.001). Confocal microscopy showed that 3D-4-culture formed loose cell clusters on day 1, which gradually became a dense sphere surrounded by FaDu cells invading the inside. After co-culturing for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, the resistance of mix cells to cisplatin in 3D-4-culture was significantly higher than in 2D-4-culture (P < 0.01 for all).

Conclusion

Compared to 2D-4-culture, 3D-4-culture better simulates the in vivo immune microenvironment of HNSCC by promoting fibroblast transformation into tumor-associated fibroblasts, monocyte transformation into tumor-associated macrophages, enhancing endothelial cell migration ability, partial EMT formation in HNSCC cells, and is more suitable for studying the immunosuppressive microenvironment of HNSCC.

Graphical abstract
Research agenda for using artificial intelligence in health governance: interpretive scoping review and framework
Authors: Ramezani Maryam , Takian Amirhossein , Bakhtiari Ahad , Rabiee Hamid R. , Ghazanfari Sadegh , Sazgarnejad Saharnaz
Published: October 2023

Background

The governance of health systems is complex in nature due to several intertwined and multi-dimensional factors contributing to it. Recent challenges of health systems reflect the need for innovative approaches that can minimize adverse consequences of policies. Hence, there is compelling evidence of a distinct outlook on the health ecosystem using artificial intelligence (AI). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the roles of AI and its applications in health system governance through an interpretive scoping review of current evidence.

Method

This study intended to offer a research agenda and framework for the applications of AI in health systems governance. To include shreds of evidence with a greater focus on the application of AI in health governance from different perspectives, we searched the published literature from 2000 to 2023 through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Databases.

Results

Our findings showed that integrating AI capabilities into health systems governance has the potential to influence three cardinal dimensions of health. These include social determinants of health, elements of governance, and health system tasks and goals. AI paves the way for strengthening the health system's governance through various aspects, i.e., intelligence innovations, flexible boundaries, multidimensional analysis, new insights, and cognition modifications to the health ecosystem area.

Conclusion

AI is expected to be seen as a tool with new applications and capabilities, with the potential to change each component of governance in the health ecosystem, which can eventually help achieve health-related goals.
A single-center, single-blinded, randomized, parallel-group, non-inferiority trial to compare the efficacy of a 22-gauge needle versus a 15 blade to perform an Achilles tendon tenotomy in 244 clubfeet—study protocol
Authors: Pigeolet Manon , Ghufran Syed Jabbar , Ahmed Sadia , Chinoy Muhammad Amin , Khan Mansoor Ali
Published: October 2023

Background

Achilles tendon tenotomy is an integral part of the Ponseti method, aimed at correcting residual equinus and lack of dorsiflexion after correction of the adductus deformity in clubfoot. Percutaneous tenotomy using a number 15 scalpel blade is considered the gold standard, resulting in excellent results with minimal complications. The use of a large-bore needle to perform Achilles tendon tenotomies has been described in literature, but a large-scale randomized controlled trial is currently lacking. In this trial, we aim to show the non-inferiority of the needle tenotomy technique compared to the gold standard blade tenotomy technique.

Methods

We will randomize 244 feet into group A: needle tenotomy or group B: blade tenotomy. Randomization will be done using a block randomization with random block sizes and applying a 1:1 allocation to achieve an intervention and control group of the exact same size. Children will be evaluated at 3 weeks and 3 months post-tenotomy for primary and secondary clinical outcomes. The primary clinical outcome will be the range of dorsiflexion obtained the secondary clinical outcomes will be frequency of minor and major complications and Pirani score. The non-inferiority margin was set at 4°, and thus, the null hypothesis of inferiority of the needle technique will be rejected if the mean difference between both techniques is less than 4°. The statistical analysis will use a multi-level mixed effects linear regression model for the primary outcomes and a multi-level mixed effects logistic regression model for the secondary clinical outcomes. The physician performing the evaluations post-tenotomy will be the only one blinded to group allocation.

Trial registration

This trial was registered prospectively with ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT04897100 on 21 May 2021.
Exploring the use of cluster analysis to assess antibiotic stewardship in critically-ill neonates in a low resource setting
Authors: Benoni Roberto , Balestri Eleonora , Endrias Tariqua , Tolera Jiksa , Borellini Martina , Calia Margherita , Biasci Filippo , Pisani Luigi
Published: October 2023

Background

Sepsis is the third leading cause of neonatal death in low and middle-income countries, accounting for one third of all deaths in Ethiopia. A concerning issue is the increasing number of multidrug-resistant microorganisms facilitated by suboptimal antibiotic stewardship. The study aims to identify clusters of newborns switching antibiotic lines for sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Ethiopia, and to explore their potential association with sepsis outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted including all newborns discharged with a diagnosis of probable neonatal sepsis from the St. Luke Catholic Hospital NICU between April and July 2021. The antibiotic management protocol included two lines according to WHO guidelines and a third line based on internal hospital guidelines. In the cluster analysis, the Gower distance was estimated based on the antibiotics employed in the different lines and the duration of each line. Mortality and respiratory distress (RD) were the response variables.

Results

In the study period, 456 newborns were admitted to the NICU and 196 (42.8%) had probable neonatal sepsis. Four antibiotic management clusters were identified. Cluster 1 (n = 145, 74.4%) had no antibiotic switches, using only the first line. Cluster 2 (n = 26, 13.3%) had one switch from the first to the second line. Cluster 4 (n = 9, 4.6%) had two switches: from first to second and then to third line. In cluster 3 (n = 15, 7.7%), newborns were switched from ceftriaxone/cloxacillin as second line to off-protocol antibiotics. There were no differences in sex, age, weight on admission or crude mortality between clusters. Cluster 3 included a higher frequency of infants who did not breathe at birth (53.3%, p = 0.011) and that necessitated bag ventilation (46.7%, p = 0.039) compared to the other clusters.

Conclusions

The first antibiotic line failed in one out of four newborns with probable sepsis while third-generation cephalosporins were insufficient in one in ten patients. Cluster analysis can provide valuable insights into antibiotic treatment patterns and their potential implications. This approach may support antibiotic stewardship and aid in contrasting antimicrobial resistance in limited resource settings.
Integrating typological and stylistic characteristics with scientific results on the provenance study of of proto-porcelain from the Yejiashan Cemetery dating to the early western Zhou Dynasty
Authors: Li Wenjing , Luo Wugan , Huang Fengchun , Chen Yue , Wang Changsui
Published: October 2023

There has been widespread concern about the provenance of proto-porcelain in previous studies, which is fundamental in determining the origin of porcelain. However, there are still different opinions on the provenance of proto-porcelain. To discuss this question, this study analyzed 21 proto-porcelain shards, excavated from the Yejiashan Cemetery, on the basis of typology, petrography, and LA-ICP-AES methodologies. Three shards from the Panlongcheng site were also collected for comparative analysis. The typological analysis showed that the majority of proto-porcelain samples from the Yejiashan Cemetery were similar to those from Northern China in type, shape, decoration,and glaze color, while 2 shards showed typical Southern characteristics. The petrographic analysis indicated that there were two different patterns of distribution for quartz particles in the collected samples, which suggested the potential existence of at least two different origins. The LA-ICP-AES analysis results also supported two different origins for Yejiashan proto-porcelain and suggested that one may originate from Zhejiang Province in Southern China. In summary, our study has demonstrated the existence of at least two distinct provenance areas for the proto-porcelain sourced from the Yejiashan cemetery. This distinction is founded upon disparities in typological characteristics, distribution patterns of quartz particles, and chemical compositions. This conclusion contributes to a better understanding of cultural exchange between the Zeng state and neighboring regions and can shed light on the manufacturing industry of the early Western Zhou Dynasty (1046–771 BC).
Self-supervised learning waveform inversion for seismic forward prospecting in tunnels: A case study in Pearl River Delta Water Resources Allocation Project in China
Authors: Ren Yuxiao , Wang Jiansen , Wang Qingyang , Yang Senlin
Published: October 2023

Tunnel and underground engineering construction often encounter unfavorable geology, leading to disasters such as water and mud inrushes and landslides. To prevent geologic hazards, it is important to look ahead and predict the location and distribution of adverse geology ahead of the tunnel face. This process is known as seismic forward prospecting in tunnels, and it typically requires an accurate calculation of velocity. Seismic waveform inversion methods based on deep learning have demonstrated potential in estimating velocity from synthetic seismic data. However, the superiority of these methods over traditional ones on field data is still an area of active research. Here, the Pearl River Delta Water Resources Allocation Project in China is used as an example to develop a self-supervised learning waveform inversion method for building a reliable velocity distribution in front of the tunnel. By introducing the background velocity as large-scale information and implementing multiscale loss functions, the previous self-supervised learning inversion method on synthetic data is improved. In addition, the corresponding network-based workflow for field data is developed. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, a comparison is conducted with practical tunneling exposure, for which the low-velocity zone corresponds with the fault-fractured zones and the water-flowing zones. This indicates that the results obtained from our method can be used as geologic guidance for safe tunneling practices. In the end, the applicability and disadvantages of our deep-learning inversion method for seismic forward prospecting in tunnels are discussed.
Do interventions targeting frailty improve outcomes after cardiac surgery? A systematic review
Authors: Cook Samantha , Fredericks Suzanne , Sidani Souraya , Bailey Barbara , Soldevilla Shereli , Sanders Julie
Published: October 2023

Frail patients have poorer cardiac surgery outcomes. Interventions targeting frailty may improve surgical recovery. This study explored interventions that specifically target frailty in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. A systematic review was conducted, searching multiple electronic databases from January 2010 to May 2022. Studies applying an intervention targeting frailty (measured using a validated tool) in adults undergoing cardiac surgery were included. Data extraction and quality assessments were undertaken by two authors. From 2726 identified papers, five studies were included in the final review. Studies varied in their definitions of frailty, methods and intervention components. All included an exercise component, but these varied in frequency, length and content. Three studies reported an improvement in frailty. This review identified that there is some evidence that frailty is improved after an exercise intervention. Further research should focus on the multifaceted nature of frailty, the degree to which frailty is reversed by interventions and the effectiveness of such interventions specifically for women.
A nurse-led model: developing a one-stop clinic for patients with congenital heart disease
Authors: Habibi Hajar , Poole Danielle , McDonnell Ella , Lambell Michelle , Hipolito Ana , Senko Beta , Finlay Clare , Haidu Loredana , CastroMeira Virginia , Doughty Victoria , De Sousa Susana , Dimopoulos Konstantinos , Gatzoulis Michael A
Published: October 2023

Background/Aims

Congenital heart disease refers to a range of problems related to the heart that are present at birth. Clinical nurse specialists play a crucial role in providing specialised knowledge, expertise, support and advice to patients with congenital heart disease. This study aimed to explore the experiences and feedback of adults with congenital heart disease who attended a nurse-led one-stop clinic.

Methods

Data were collected via a questionnaire comprised of both open-ended and closed questions. The questions covered patients' demographic characteristics and their experiences before and during the appointment. Of the 144 patients scheduled to attend the one-stop clinic, 124 attended and a total of 91 responded to the questionnaire.

Results

All participants reported having a positive experience of the nurse-led one-stop clinic, including additional benefits of acquiring knowledge and feeling empowered in managing their disease. All of the participants felt that it was beneficial for them to have all their tests conducted on the same day, although a substantial proportion would prefer their care to be provided locally.

Conclusions

Specialised life-long follow up is essential for people with congenital heart disease. A nurse-led one-stop-clinic model of care can reduce travel requirements, enhance patients' understanding of their condition and promote patient engagement.
A new weevil genus, Capelarinus gen. nov., with four new species from Cape Province, South Africa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Lixinae)
Authors: GÜLTEKİN LEVENT , LYAL CHRISTOPHER H. C.
Published: October 2023

A new weevil genus Capelarinus Gültekin & Lyal gen. nov. in the tribe Lixini (Curculionidae: Lixinae; Lixini) and four new species Capelarinus korotyaevi Gültekin & Lyal sp. nov., Capelarinus klassi Gültekin & Lyal sp. nov., Capelarinus colonnellii Gültekin & Lyal sp. nov. and Capelarinus marshalli Gültekin & Lyal sp. nov., are described from the Eastern and Western Cape Provinces, South Africa. The lectotype of Larinus lineatus Gyllenhal, 1835 is designated and the species is designated as type species of Capelarinus as Capelarinus lineatus (Gyllenhal) comb. nov. A key to the species and images showing distinctive morphological characters are presented. The only known host plant association is Cullumia reticulata (L.) Greuter, M.V.Agab. & Wagenitz (Asteraceae) which is an endemic South African plant and on the country’s red list.
Bulgaristan’da Kurulan Bir Türk Derneği: Turan Gençlik ve Spor Birliği
Authors: MUTLU Mustafa
Published: October 2023

Bu makale iki savaş arası dönemde 1924-1934 yılları arasında Bulgaristan’da faaliyet gösteren Turan Gençlik ve Spor Birliği’nin Bulgaristan’da yaşayan Türklerin ulusal bilincini geliştirmek, halkın

terbiyesi ve sosyo-kültürel meseleleriyle ilgilenmek yoluyla onları fikrî ve bedenî manada yükseltme çabalarına odaklanmaktadır. Bulgaristan Devleti, Bulgaristan’da yaşayan Türklere karşı

sindirme, asimile etme ya da göçe zorlama gibi politikalarla onların Bulgaristan topraklarındaki izlerini silme gayreti içinde olmuştu. Bu süreçte Bulgaristan’daki Türklerin arasındaki bağı

kuvvetlendirmek ve Türk kültürünü yaşatmak adına birtakım entelektüel çevreler bir araya gelerek Turan Birliği’ni oluşturmuşlardı. Türkler arasında millî şuurun ve kültürün gelişmesi adına

anavatan Türkiye’deki Kemalist inkılapları örnek alan Turan Birliği, yaptığı faaliyetler ve savunduğu fikirler ile iki ülke arasındaki ilişkilerin de odağında yer almıştı.
Osmanlı’da Modernleşme, Kamusal Alan ve Kadın: Toplumsal Değişimi “Hanımlara Mahsûs Gazete”yle Okumak
Authors: GÜLER Meltem , ÇELİK Hasan
Published: October 2023

Kapsamlı bir modernleşmeye sahne olan Sultan II. Abdülhamid döneminde, toplumsal değişimi ve Osmanlı kadınının kamusal alandaki varlığını değerlendirmek bu makalenin konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Kadın ve kamusal alan ilişkisi, XIX. yüzyıl Osmanlı toplumunda bir modernleşme göstergesi olarak kullanılabilir. XIX. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru farklı sınıfları çapraz kesen basın;

moda-üretim-tüketim tarzları, eğitim, iletişim gibi kamusal alanın çeşitli biçimlerini içeren bir matris işlevi görmüştür. Çalışmada, bu matrisin çözümlenmesi için birer arayüz olarak, dönemin en

uzun tirajlı kadın dergisi Hanımlara Mahsûs Gazete’nin 612 sayısında yer alan illüstrasyonlar, makaleler, reklamlar/ilanlar toplumsal dönüşümün ve kadınların kamusal alandaki görünür aktif

katılımcılar olduğunun kanıtını sağlayan etkin araçlar olarak ele alınmıştır. Dergiden elde edilen 4392 adet verinin kategorilere ve yıllara göre dağılımı ortaya konularak dönemin sosyo-kültürel ve

ekonomik görünümü analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda, gelişen basının ve reklamcılığın kamusal alanı, toplumsal yapıyı ve yaşam tarzını değiştirdiği, 1908 öncesi Osmanlı kadınlarının kendi modernitelerinin yaratıcıları olarak kamusal alanda aktif katılımcılar olduğu saptanmıştır.
Exploring the Expanding Frontiers: The Promising Role of Supramolecules in Advancing Cancer and Infectious Disease Therapy
Authors: Parmar Nirali , Bhatt Keyur
Published: October 2023

The use of calixpyrrole derivatives as potential anticancer and antibacterial agents has recently gained significant attention. We summarise recent advances in the design and production of calixpyrrole-based compounds as well as their biological actions against cancer and bacterial cells, in this overview. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) of these compounds and their mechanisms of action are discussed, highlighting their potential as therapeutic agents. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with the development of calixpyrrole-based agents as effective anticancer and antibacterial drugs. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the development of novel calixpyrrole-based compounds with potent anticancer and antibacterial activities, which could have the way for the development of new therapeutics with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity.
Phytochemical Screening and In-vitro Antibacterial Activity Evaluation of Lantana Camara Linn. Leaf Extract
Authors: Kappala Swetha , Gorja Ashok , Mukurala Swathi , Jabeen Nameera , Bandla Jahnavi
Published: October 2023

With both antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant bacteria, the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and phytochemicals was assessed. The activity of leaves of Lantana camara was found by using two different solvents i.e. petroleum ether, and ethanol. Lantana camara is a traditional medicinal plant that was determined against two bacterial strains both the solvent extracted by using the Soxhlet apparatus. Its activity tested against two organisms they are Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The activity was determined by inhibition zone by using a standard drug [Amoxicillin]. The extract used inhibited the growth of two organisms to a maximum level. An analysis of the phytochemistry reveals the presence of terpenoids, tannins, and saponins. These substances are thought to be in charge of the leaf extracts' broad-spectrum activity.
The impact of electronic pathways and digital systems on neck of femur fracture outcomes globally: a systematic review
Authors: Tandon D , Curlewis K , Vusirikala A , Subramanian P , Patel A
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Electronic pathways (e-pathways) and digital systems are novel interventions with several uses in healthcare, ranging from clinical decision support systems to checklists for care delivery. Their application in the management of neck of femur (NOF) fractures is evolving and they may play a key role in facilitating improvements in care delivery. The primary aim of this review was to outline the impact of e-pathways/digital systems on NOF fracture outcomes.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A total of 698 citations were evaluated, of which 38 passed the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Six studies were then finalised following full-text review. Heterogenous data meant a narrative synthesis was undertaken. Risk of bias for each paper was assessed using the Downs and Black scale.

Results

A statistically significant improvement was demonstrated for time to theatre (3/6 studies), length of hospital stay (2/6 studies) and secondary fracture prevention (2/6 studies). Although postoperative delirium and mortality improved with the introduction of e-pathways/digital systems, statistical significance was not achieved. No outcome measures were adversely affected.

Conclusions

This systematic review of the literature demonstrates that e-pathways and digital systems are promising novel interventions, displaying a significant positive impact on several NOF fracture outcomes. Owing to the novel nature of e-pathways and digital systems in orthopaedics, a limited number of studies were identified for review, each with variable study design. More high quality homogenous prospective cohort studies with a standardised primary outcome measure are required for more definitive conclusions of efficacy to be drawn.
Sense of risk of work addiction among teachers
Authors: Lewandowska Hanna
Published: October 2023

Cel pracy

Celem badań była analiza samoświadomości nauczycieli dotyczącej możliwego uzależnienia się ich od pracy oraz poszukiwanie metod prewencji uzależnienia.

Materiał i metody

Badania ilościowe świadomości nauczycieli dotyczącej uzależnienia od pracy przeprowadzono wśród 116 czynnych zawodowo nauczycieli pracujących w szkołach podstawowych i średnich na terenie województwa mazowieckiego. Na ich potrzeby zaprojektowano kwestionariusz badawczy zawierający dwanaście stwierdzeń związanych z kryteriami uzależnień.

Wyniki

Przed przedstawieniem respondentom wspomnianych stwierdzeń dotyczących uzależnienia od pracy zapytano ich, czy czują, że w związku wykonywaniem swojej pracy są obecnie narażeni na uzależnienie od pracy. Zdecydowana większość ankietowanych, bo aż sto trzy osoby (89%) odpowiedziały, że nie mają takich obaw. Po zapoznaniu się z kwestionariuszem i wybraniu stwierdzeń pasujących do ich opinii na własny temat jeszcze raz zapytano o poczucie zagrożenia uzależnieniem. Wyniki znacząco się różniły, ponieważ twierdząco odpowiedziało już czterdzieści sześć osób, co stanowi prawie 40% badanych nauczycieli.

Wnioski

Wszystkie zmiany w systemie oświaty, reformy, wykorzystanie TIK w nauczaniu są dla nauczycieli czynnikami stresogennymi. Mimo stałego wzrostu obowiązków związanych choćby z nauczaniem zdalnym i napływem uchodźców wciąż są nisko opłacani. Powinniśmy pamiętać, że jakość systemu edukacji zależy od jakości jego nauczycieli. Zatem jeśli pragniemy podnosić jakość kształcenia w polskich szkołach, powinniśmy w pierwszej kolejności zadbać o dobrostan nauczycieli. Być może upowszechnienie zjawiska uzależnienia od pracy wpłynie na zmianę jego postrzegania, zwłaszcza wśród zawodów obciążonych wysokimi oczekiwaniami społecznymi.
Distance education in the conditions of a Youth Center of Sociotherapy (YCS) in the opinions of the pupils' parents
Authors: Dziurzyński Krzysztof , Rudzińska-Filipek Bernadeta
Published: October 2023

Cel pracy

Celem głównym tego artykułu było poznanie opinii ponad 50-ciu rodziców uczniów-wychowanków MOS na temat sposobu i organizacji oraz efektywności kształcenia na odległość i wypracowanie wniosków mogących w przyszłości posłużyć do poprawy organizacji kształcenia na odległość w MOS. Przed badaniem postawiono trzy problemy badawcze: 1. Ogólna ocena przygotowania MOS do kształcenia na odległość; 2. Ocena kształcenia na odległość w MOS i poza nim; 3. Oceny komunikacji w MOS.

Materiał i metody

Próba i metodologia badań: Metoda przyjęta przez nas w omawianym badaniu to metoda sondażu diagnostycznego (Bauman, Pilch, 2001, s. 79). Technika zastosowana to ankieta (Bauman, Pilch, 2001, s. 96). Badanie zrealizowano w okresie od października do grudnia 2020 r. Badanie przedstawiane mieściło się w nurcie badań ewaluacyjnych i określane jest jako ex-post (Haber, 2009, s. 142).

Wyniki

Dominującą oceną była ocena „3” zaś średnia uzyskanych ocen wyniosła 3,78. Oceny były zróżnicowane i wahały się od 3,60 w grupie uczniów klas 6 a 4,16 dla ocen rodziców klas 7. Rodzice wskazali za najbardziej kłopotliwe przedmioty: język obcy (62 proc. wskazań), matematykę (54 proc.), język polski (52 proc.). Rodzice ocenili także korzystanie z konsultacji przez ich dzieci. I tak: 94 proc. uczniów korzystało z konsultacji z terapeutami, 93 proc. podopiecznych korzystało z konsultacji z wychowawcami z internatu, 84 proc. uczniów konsultowało się z wychowawcami klas, 82 proc. uczniów konsultowało się z nauczycielami przedmiotów, 54 proc. uczniów konsultowało się z psychologami

Wnioski

Działania nauczycieli i wychowawców nie powinny kończyć się wraz z zakończeniem pandemii a powinna iść dalej - w kierunku wzmacniania kompetencji samodzielnego uczenia (u uczniów) i nauczania (u nauczycieli) i obsługi technologii komputerowych (u obu grup).
The presence of digital media in the evangelizing mission of the Church according to Praedicate Evangelium
Authors: Romanko Agnieszka
Published: October 2023

Cel pracy

W artykule zostanie podjęta próba odpowiedzi na pytania: W jaki sposób ustawodawca kościelny przewiduje możliwość wykorzystywania mediów cyfrowych w misji ewangelizacyjnej Kościoła? Czy ustawodawca wskazuje jakiekolwiek wytyczne, których należy przestrzegać w posługiwaniu się mediami cyfrowymi?

Materiał i metody

W artykule zostaną wykorzystane źródła prawa i dostępna literatura przedmiotu. Zastosowana będzie metoda historyczno-prawna i dogmatyczno-prawna.

Wyniki

Dokonując analizy przedmiotowego zagadnienia w pierwszej kolejności zostanie scharakteryzowana misja ewangelizacyjna Kościoła w kontekście konstytucji apostolskiej Praedicate Evangelium. Następnie będzie scharakteryzowana Dykasteria do spraw Komunikacji w strukturze Stolicy Apostolskiej, a także rodzaje i zadania mediów cyfrowych jako narzędzi misji ewangelizacyjnej Kościoła.

Wnioski

Misja ewangelizacyjna Kościoła stanowi realizację posłannictwa, jakie Jezus Chrystus pozostawił Kościołowi, który założył. Zasady Ewangelii są niezmienne, natomiast sposób i formy Jej głoszenia mogą ulegać modyfikacjom ze względu na okoliczności miejsca i czasu. Obecnie Kościół w misji ewangelizacyjnej wykorzystuje również media cyfrowe. Powinny one jednak zawsze pozostawać w służbie Prawdy, do poszukiwania której zobowiązani są wszyscy ludzie.
The role of fairy tale therapy in the process of revalidationof a child with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Świecarz Grzegorz Paweł
Published: October 2023

Cel pracy

Celem pracy jest przedstawienie metody bajkoterapii w procesie rewalidacji dziecka z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną.

Materiał i metody

Materiałami źródłowymi, które posłużą do niniejszej publikacji, będą różne monografie i artykuły polskich pedagogów specjalnych. Zebrany materiał pozwoli na syntetyczne zrealizowanie metodą analityczno-krytyczną wskazanego celu pracy.

Wyniki

Bajkoterapia posiada pozytywny wpływ na proces rewalidacji dziecka z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną. W prosty i naturalny sposób pomaga zrozumieć i przyswoić dziecku rzeczywistość, która czasem może być dla niego niezrozumiała. Jest formą nową, bezinwazyjną, delikatną, która ma służyć przyjemności, rozrywce i zabawie. Jej celem jest zachęcenie do współdziałania, otwarcia na dialog.

Wnioski

Bajkoterapia pomaga wychowankom (szczególnie w młodszym wieku) wzmocnić poczucie własnej wartości i niezależności, które są konieczne do prawidłowego funkcjonowania w świecie przeżyć wewnętrznych jak i zewnętrznych. Ponadto pozwala doskonalić i rozwijać różne sfery funkcjonowania dziecka z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną.
Rapid 3D isotropic imaging of whole organ with double-ring light-sheet microscopy and self-learning side-lobe elimination
Authors: Guo Xinyi , Zhao Fang , Zhu Jingtan , Zhu Dan , Zhao Yuxuan , Fei Peng
Published: October 2023

Bessel-like plane illumination forms a new type of light-sheet microscopy with ultra-long optical sectioning distance that enables rapid 3D imaging of fine cellular structures across an entire large tissue. However, the side-lobe excitation of conventional Bessel light sheets severely impairs the quality of the reconstructed 3D image. Here, we propose a self-supervised deep learning (DL) approach that can completely eliminate the residual side lobes for a double-ring-modulated non-diffraction light-sheet microscope, thereby substantially improving the axial resolution of the 3D image. This lightweight DL model utilizes the own point spread function (PSF) of the microscope as prior information without the need for external high-resolution microscopy data. After a quick training process based on a small number of datasets, the grown-up model can restore sidelobe-free 3D images with near isotropic resolution for diverse samples. Using an advanced double-ring light-sheet microscope in conjunction with this efficient restoration approach, we demonstrate 5-minute rapid imaging of an entire mouse brain with a size of ∼12 mm × 8 mm  ×  6 mm and achieve uniform isotropic resolution of ∼4 µm (1.6-µm voxel) capable of discerning the single neurons and vessels across the whole brain.
Effects of stochastic coding on olfactory discrimination in flies and mice
Authors: Srinivasan Shyam , Daste Simon , Modi Mehrab N. , Turner Glenn C. , Fleischmann Alexander , Navlakha Saket
Published: October 2023

Sparse coding can improve discrimination of sensory stimuli by reducing overlap between their representations. Two factors, however, can offset sparse coding’s benefits: similar sensory stimuli have significant overlap and responses vary across trials. To elucidate the effects of these 2 factors, we analyzed odor responses in the fly and mouse olfactory regions implicated in learning and discrimination—the mushroom body (MB) and the piriform cortex (PCx). We found that neuronal responses fall along a continuum from extremely reliable across trials to extremely variable or stochastic. Computationally, we show that the observed variability arises from noise within central circuits rather than sensory noise. We propose this coding scheme to be advantageous for coarse- and fine-odor discrimination. More reliable cells enable quick discrimination between dissimilar odors. For similar odors, however, these cells overlap and do not provide distinguishing information. By contrast, more unreliable cells are decorrelated for similar odors, providing distinguishing information, though these benefits only accrue with extended training with more trials. Overall, we have uncovered a conserved, stochastic coding scheme in vertebrates and invertebrates, and we identify a candidate mechanism, based on variability in a winner-take-all (WTA) inhibitory circuit, that improves discrimination with training.
Analysis of Influencing Factors of Health-related Quality of Life among Korean Adults in their 20s Using the HINT-8 Index: Using the Primary Data of the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Heo Myoung-Lyun , Jang Yang-min
Published: October 2023

This study investigates the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of early adults in their 20s in Korea (Generation Z), who have a unique lifestyle based on digital technology, and analyzes the influencing factors of HRQOL. The primary data of the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency was used as the complex sample to represent the population. To measure HRQOL, the HINT-8 index developed for Koreans was used. The results showed that the HINT-8 index of subjects aged between 19-29 was 0.84. Gender, subjective health status, and suicidal ideation had significant effects, while chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia and physical diseases like atopy and rhinitis had no effects. Therefore it is necessary to promote policy initiatives to improve the HRQOL of Korean adults in their 20s by managing their emotional health. In addition, as this basic study investigated early adulthood using the HINT-8 developed at the national level, further research should be conducted based on the study findings.
Clinical Profile of Cystoid Macular Edema Following Small Incision Cataract Surgery
Authors: Rajeevan Palpoo  , Janie Salor  , Vaduva Krishnan
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

This study was conducted to determine the incidence of cystoid macular edema after small incision cataract surgery by means of OCT, study the clinical profile and compare the incidence in non-diabetic and diabetic patients with and without retinopathy.

METHODS

This was a hospital based prospective study, conducted among 325 patients in the age group of 40 to 85 years who underwent Small Incision Cataract Surgery [SICS] conducted in Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekharam, Kanyakumary District, Tamil Nadu, over a period of one year from January 2022 to December 2023, after obtaining clearance from the institutional ethics committee and written informed consent from the study participants.

RESULTS

The incidence of CME was higher among diabetic patients when compared with non-diabetic patients and was statistically significant. Patients with a history of uveitis had a statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in the incidence of CME in the 6th postoperative week. Patients with complicated surgery with iris prolapse, vitreous prolapse, difficult nucleus delivery and posterior capsular rent had an increased incidence of CME. This was statistically significant (p<0.05) during all three postoperative evaluations.

CONCLUSIONS

Following cataract surgery, 18.8% of patients developed cystoid macular edema six weeks after the procedure. Three months following surgery, 13.2% had CME, which further declined to 5.2% at six months after surgery. The incidence of clinically significant cystoid macular edema was 4% at six weeks after surgery. It further declined to 1.2% at 3 months after surgery and was present in only 0.6% at 6 months after surgery. The incidence of CME was higher among the diabetic patients throughout the study when compared with non-diabetic patients and was statistically significant (p<0.01). The association between the severity of diabetic retinopathy and the incidence of cystoid macular edema was not statistically significant. Patients with a history of uveitis had a statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in the incidence of CME in the 6th postoperative week. Patients with complicated surgery with iris prolapse, vitreous prolapse, difficult nucleus delivery and posterior capsular rent had an increased incidence of CME. Patients not using topical NSAIDS were found to have an increased incidence of CME.
Computed tomography system with strict real-time synchronization for in-situ 3D analysis of periodically vibrating objects
Authors: Rada Václav , Fíla Tomáš , Zlámal Petr , Koudelka Petr , Šleichrt Jan , Macháček Michael , Vavřík Daniel , Kytýř Daniel
Published: October 2023

In the contribution, we present a laboratory system capable of X-ray computed tomography (XCT) scanning of an periodically moving or oscillating object. The system is an in-house developed XCT setup with electromagnetic voice coil actuator mounted on top of the rotary stage of the setup. The strict synchronization of the components, the rotary stage, the electromagnetic actuator movement and the detector readout is accomplished with use of the detector hardware trigger and hard real-time Linux operating system. Cylindrical sample manufactured from epoxy resin with metal particles to enable movement tracking is scanned in a stationary position and during periodical movement induced by the vibration stage. The volumetric data of the scans is compared and the results of this contribution represent an important step towards identification of defects through modal analysis of in-situ harmonically vibrating object.