bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La aprehensión en el Sistema Penal Acusatorio panameño
Authors: García Vargas Atanacio Jesús
Published: October 2021

La aprehensión constituye uno de los procedimientos que afecta de forma muy notoria la libertad ambulatoria del individuo al que se le aplica tal tramitación; razón por la cual, la Constitución Política de Panamá (2004), y nuestro Código de Procedimiento Penal (2008), mantiene términos y formalismos necesarios para evitar vulneraciones de derechos y garantías fundamentales.
The Effects of Adding Lysin Essential Amino Acid to Commercial Feed on Fatty Acid Contents of Pangasius Fish
Authors: Nopita Wahyu , Lamid Mirni , Agustono .
Published: October 2021

Pangasius is a medium to very large freshwater shark catfish primarily used for consumption with high economic value. The content of pangasius fatty acids is higher than in marine fish, since marine fish have a lower saturated fatty acid composition than freshwater fish. The present research aimed to determine the effects of adding lysine essential amino acid to commercial feeds on the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids contents of pangasius fish. In the present research, an experimental method with completely randomized design was used. The treatment was done by adding lysine with different doses including P0 (0%), P1 (1.2%), P2 (2.2%), and P3 (3.2%). Each treatment was repeated five times. The main parameters studied were the content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in pangasius fish meat. The observed parameter was water quality. The present results indicated the use of lysine in commercial feed caused significant differences in the content of saturated fatty acids, Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA) and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) in pangasius meat; a decrease in the saturated fatty acids content was found in P3 with 3.2% (3.5882 mg/dl). In P2, an increase in the MUFA content of 2.2% (5.9630 mg/dl) was found. An increase in the PUFA content was found in P3 treatment with 3.2% Lysin (23.1082 mg/dl). P1, P2 and P3 indicated lower results than control treatments (P0). The use of lysine in commercial feed indicated significant differences in the content of saturated fatty acids, MUFA and PUFA in pangasius.
Micro-Expression Recognition using 3D - CNN
Authors:   Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Engineering, INDIA, Dubey Vishal , Takkar Bhavya ,   Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Engineering, INDIA, Lamba Puneet Singh ,   Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Engineering, INDIA
Published: October 2021

Micro-expression comes under nonverbal communication, and for a matter of fact, it appears for minute fractions of a second. One cannot control micro-expression as it tells about our actual state emotionally, even if we try to hide or conceal our genuine emotions. As we know that micro-expressions are very rapid due to which it becomes challenging for any human being to detect it with bare eyes. This subtle-expression is spontaneous, and involuntary gives the emotional response. It happens when a person wants to conceal the specific emotion, but the brain is reacting appropriately to what that person is feeling then. Due to which the person displays their true feelings very briefly and later tries to make a false emotional response. Human emotions tend to last about 0.5 - 4.0 seconds, whereas micro-expression can last less than 1/2 of a second. On comparing micro-expression with regular facial expressions, it is found that for micro-expression, it is complicated to hide responses of a particular situation. Micro-expressions cannot be controlled because of the short time interval, but with a high-speed camera, we can capture one's expressions and replay them at a slow speed. Over the last ten years, researchers from all over the globe are researching automatic micro-expression recognition in the fields of computer science, security, psychology, and many more. The objective of this paper is to provide insight regarding micro-expression analysis using 3D CNN. A lot of datasets of micro-expression have been released in the last decade, we have performed this experiment on SMIC micro-expression dataset and compared the results after applying two different activation functions.
Blockchain technology in the international supply chains
Authors:   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia, Pustokhina Irina V.
Published: October 2021

The relevance of the study is that globalization and the integration of the international economy provide excellent opportunities for economic development through international trade and investment. It is necessary to make the product and services more competitive. One of the factors determining the competitiveness of trade is how quickly and how economically the goods can be delivered. The competition in the logistics industry is continually growing, which forces participants to improve their efficiency, improve quality and reduce costs. In these conditions effective IT solutions are vital tools for logistics and the ability to manage the logistics processes in the business environment in the context of globalization is a factor of competitiveness. Within the framework of this paper, the existing business processes of cargo delivery were described. The study of the process of interaction of international supply chain participants made it possible to identify the ineffectiveness of existing processes to understand what can be replaced and corrected with the introduction of blockchain technology. The main reason of inefficiency is the low level of business processes digitalization. The cases of existing blockchain projects for the logistics industry were investigated. The article provides possible cases of using blockchain for the logistics industry.
Particle Swarm Optimization based Multihop Routing Techniques in Mobile ADHOC Networks
Authors:   1Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India, Ilayaraja M.
Published: October 2021

Mobile adhoc network (MANET) comprises a network of mobile nodes, which communicates with one another through wireless connections. Reliability, energy efficiency, congestion control and interferences are the problems faced with the traditional routing protocols in MANET. Routing defines the process of identifying the optimal paths between two nodes in the network. For resolving these issues, several multipath routing techniques have been presented. This paper assesses the performance of the two bio-inspired multipath routing techniques namely Energy-Aware Multipath Routing Scheme based on particle swarm optimization (EMPSO) and PSO with fitness function (PSO-FF) algorithms. These two algorithms are compared and the results are investigated under several performance measures. The simulation results stated that the PSO-FF algorithm has shown better results over the EMPSO algorithm under several measures.
Weed phytosociology in diversified soybean production systems
Authors:   Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná, Bordin Ivan , Buratto Osmar Maziero ,   Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná, Costa Andreia Cristina Peres Rodrigues da ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Rodrigues Benedito Noedi ,   Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná, Llanillo Rafael Fuentes ,   Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná
Published: October 2021

The knowledge of the impacts of the management practices used in each agricultural production system on the ecological interactions between commercial crops and weed populations can assist in the development of specific and sustainable integrated management strategies. This study aimed to assess weed communities in soybean in succession to second-crop corn and production systems with crop diversification in Northern Paraná State. The study was conducted during three agricultural years (2014/2017). Six treatments were setup: 1 – corn/soybean, corn/soybean, and corn/soybean), 2 – white oat/soybean, rye/corn, and wheat/soybean, 3 – oat + rye/soybean, oat + radish/corn, and congo grass/soybean, 4 – canola/corn, crambe/corn, and safflower/soybean, 5 – buckwheat/ radish/corn, bean/soybean, and buckwheat/oat/soybean, and 6 – wheat/corn + congo grass, canola/corn, and bean/soybean. The relative importance value index of each weed species and the soil cover (soil, straw, and weeds) were assessed. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with four replications of 300 m2 (20 × 15 m). The production systems white oat/soybean, rye/corn, and wheat/soybean; buckwheat/radish/corn, bean/soybean, buckwheat/oat/soybean; and wheat/corn+congo grass, canola/corn, bean/soybean had a suppressive effect on the species Commelina benghalensis. Euphorbia heterophylla and Digitaria horizontalis were the species most adapted to the assessed production systems. Seeds remaining from crambe and radish cultivations became volunteer plants in subsequent cultivations.
Germination potential of Hymenaea courbaril L. in different maturation stages
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Guariz Hugo Roldi , Oliveira Halley Caixeta de ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Sperandio Huezer Viganô ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paula Jean Carlo Baudraz de ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Shimizu Gabriel Danilo ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Ribeiro Junior Walter Aparecido ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina
Published: October 2021

The production of quality forest seedlings in large quantities is essential for the restoration of environments that have been deforested and degraded. However, obtaining seeds with high vigor is a challenge for several tree species native to Brazil. The objective of this work was to verify the germination potential of jatobá-da-mata seeds at different stages of maturation, in order to favor the production of seedlings of this species in nurseries. The seeds were extracted from green and ripe fruits detached from the mother plant and ripe fruits collected from the ground. The germination percentage, average germination time, emergence speed index, average speed, relative frequency, leaf area of the seedling, and length of the aerial part and root were measured. The planting was carried out with mechanically scarified and intact seeds from each maturation group. The results indicated that non-scarified green seeds can be used for planting and seedling production, as they do not require pre-germination treatment and have a favorable germination percentage (79%). Fruit seeds harvested from the ground, on the other hand, needed a method to overcome integumentary dormancy, such as mechanical scarification, obtaining a germination rate of 85%. The seeds of ripe fruits harvested in the matrix showed greater vigor, with a higher percentage of germination (96 to 100%), a higher emergence speed index, shorter average germination time, and seedlings with greater leaf area and greater length of shoot.
Buffering capacity and fecal pH in healthy horses submitted to experimental enteral nutrition
Authors:   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, Baumhak Marina Juliani , Michima Lilian Emy dos Santos ,   Medicina Interna Veterinária, Andrioli Beatriz Moreira ,   Medicina Veterinária, Brandi Roberta Ariboni ,   Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos da Universidade de São Paulo, Weigel Rebeca Alves ,   Medicina Interna Veterinária, Nichi Marcílio ,   Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, Belli Carla Bargi ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Siqueira Renata Farinelli de ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Published: October 2021

This study set out to determine the impacts of a commercial equine enteral nutrition product on fecal pH, buffering capacity (BC) and physical examination variables. Eight healthy horses were randomly allocated to one of two simultaneous experimental groups in a 4×4 Latin square design. Horses were submitted to 12 hours of solid fasting, then fed increasing doses of the test product via nasogastric tube, as follows: 0% (pure water), 50%, 75% and 100% of the daily recommended dose. Test product doses were diluted in water (1:3) and delivered by bolus feeding. Fecal samples were taken directly from the rectal ampulla prior to (T0) and within 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours of product administration (T3, T6, T12, T24, T36 and T48 respectively). Within 24 to 36 hours of product administration, fecal pH was near 6 (p = 0.01). However, dose variation had no effect on pH. Product dose and sample collection time had a significant impact (p = 0.00) on buffering capacity at pH 6. The more dramatic drop in pH occurred within 24 to 36 hours of product administration, except in horses receiving the 0% dose (water). At pH 5, buffering capacity was affected by dose but not by sample collection time. Soft fecal consistency, increased intestinal motility and fat droplets in fecal samples were noted in most horses. Fecal pH and buffering capacity assessment are indirect tests. Still, results obtained from these tests were deemed useful for detection of intestinal changes, particularly when combined with physical examination. The product had an impact on faecal pH, buffering capacity and intestinal motility, therefore, it is recommended that the formulation be revised.
Investigation on the Depth of Slip Hanger Teeth Bite into Casing and the Mechanical Properties of Casing under Different Suspension Loads in Ultra-Deep Wells
Authors:   Southwest Petroleum University, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China, Chen Yong , Tan Jinjin , Xiao Guoping
Published: October 2021

There is great difficulty in controlling the setting load of the large-size slip casing hanger in the Northwest Oilfield in China, and a reasonable setting load is of great significance. This paper studied the relationship between slip hanger bite depth and suspension load in the Ф 273 mm WE-type slip hanger in the Northwest Oilfield in China through experiment, theoretical computation, and finite element analysis. The accuracy of the finite element model was proved by comparing the finite element simulation results with the experimental bite marks on the casing surface. The study results show that the bite mark of the slip insert in the casing is deeper in the lower part of the sitting position. When the hanging load increases from 1000 kN to 6000 kN, the maximum bite depth of the slips in the casing gradually increases with the suspension load. The residual collapse strength of the casing decreases correspondingly. When the residual collapse strength decreases to a certain value, the maximum suspension force corresponding to the bite depth of the slip insert can be obtained. Based on the finite element research results and theoretical equations, the stress distribution on the casing wall where the slips bite the deepest is obtained by derivation. The suggestions on improving the material structure of the casing under this stress were proposed. The limit of the setting load of the large-size casing wellhead for avoiding casing collapse was obtained, which is of great significance for guiding field-casing setting.
Fault Diagnosis of Rotation Vector Reducer for Industrial Robot Based on a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors:   Chongqing Technology and Business University, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, China, Yang Shuai , Luo Xing , Li Chuan
Published: October 2021

As a key component of a mechanical drive system, the failure of the reducer will usually cause huge economic losses and even lead to serious casualties in extreme cases. To solve this problem, a two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2D-CNN) is proposed for the fault diagnosis of the rotation vector (RV) reducer installed on the industrial robot (IR). The proposed method can automatically extract the features from the data and reduce the connections between neurons and the parameters that need to be trained with its local receptive field, weight sharing, and subsampling features. Due to the aforementioned characteristics, the efficiency of network training is significantly improved, and verified by the experimental simulations. Comparative experiments with other mainstream methods are carried out to further validate the fault classification accuracy of the proposed method. The results indicate that the proposed method out-performs all the selected methods.
REMOTE WORK DURING THE PANDEMIC THE ANALYSIS OF SELECTED SECONDARY DATA
Authors: Dojwa-Turczyńska Katarzyna
Published: October 2021

This paper presents theoretical and practical aspects of remote work. The emergence of remote work is connected with the economic, political, social, cultural and technological changes of the turn of the 21st century. It offers a range of advantages, both to the employee and employer, hence its popularisation. During the pandemic, in March 2020, activity of individuals in Poland was restricted due to epidemiological considerations, which in terms of professional activity meant obligation or requirement of working from home. As a result, the percentage of employees working outside the premises of the employer in 2020 increased twice compared to 2019 As empirical studies show, the shift to remote work by a relatively numerous group of people reveals both advantages and disadvantages of this solution, both from the perspective of organisations and their staff. Remote work offers safety to employees and allows them to save on commuting time, but their work efficiency represents a controversial issue, as it is reduced by technical problems, lack of self-discipline or appropriate working conditions at home. From the point of view of the employer, it is difficult to control or manage the effects of the employee’s work if there is deficit of direct communication, especially in the case of organisations that did not employ such solutions earlier. An important aspect is the fact that a range of industries and professions cannot benefit from remote work. The secondary data reveal a picture of post-pandemic hybrid model of work, where the solutions of home office worked out during the last months will be used in conjunction with traditional ways of working in which communication with, management, motivation and control of employees is easier.
WAGES, EASE OF FINDING A JOB OR DISTANCE FROM HOME? WHAT DETERMINES THE PLACE OF WORK IN POLAND BY ECONOMIC EMIGRANTS FROM UKRAINE
Authors: Kałuża-Kopias Dorota
Published: October 2021

For several years, a high dynamics of growth in the number of foreigners from Eastern European countries taking up employment in Poland has been visible. Undoubtedly, the decline in unemployment, which translates into the ease of finding a job, and the systematic increase in the average salary have an impact on this situation. The aim of this article is to check what and to what extent influences the decision to work by Ukrainian citizens in different regions of the country. This study focuses on three key factors – how the scale of immigration to a given poviat is influenced by the distance at which migrations are undertaken, the level of wages and unemployment in the examined poviats. To achieve the above goal, a popular model describing migrations as a function of geographical distance, called the gravity model, was used. The results of the analysis show that wages are a significant stimulus of economic migration to Poland, and the level of unemployment had a destimulating effect. The estimated values of the parameters indicate a much stronger attracting effect of the level of wages than the impact of unemployment on the migration inflow. Geographic distance is a factor that also limits the intensity of movements. However – as the analysis showed – its limiting influence is much smaller than that of unemployment.
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF THE POPULATION IN POLAND – SELECTED PROBLEMS AND CONDITIONS
Authors: Melich-Iwanek Krystyna
Published: October 2021

The aim of the article is to analyze, from statistical and econometric perspectives, the dynamics of Poles’ economic activity, in particular, an attempt at a statistical measurement of the impact of select phenomena conditioning the labor market. Key considerations are preceded by a presentation the historical and current demographic situation in Poland. Problems of foreign migration and the aging of the Polish society were investigated. Moreover, impact of social policies on the labor market was analyzed, including the “Family 500+” program as well as regulations concerning retirement age. The study utilizes quantitative methods of time series analysis, including the time series models taking into account the occurrence of turning points. The results of research show, that: in the near future the Polish demographic situation will not improve, the lowering of retirement age is a threat to the labor market, the “500+” program not only did not influence a rise in fertility rate but lowered the rate of economic activity of women.
Das CETA-Urteil im Kontext der Integrationsverantwortung – Anmerkung zu BVerfG, Urteil v. 02.03.2021, 2 BvE 4/16
Authors: Riedl Benedikt
Published: October 2021

Das BVerfG konkretisiert im CETA-Urteil vom 02.03.2021 die Integrationsverantwortung des Bundestags. Die Linksfraktion hatte gegen die Unterlassung einer konstitutiven Zustimmung zur vorläufigen Anwendung von CETA durch ein förmliches Mandatsgesetz geklagt. Dass es eines solchen Mandatsgesetzes nicht bedarf, war spätestens seit dem Lissabon-Urteil klar. Die Integrationsverantwortung ist die besondere Verantwortung der deutschen Verfassungsorgane, im Rahmen der europäischen Integration die innerstaatlichen Anforderungen des Art. 23 Abs. 1 GG einzuhalten. Solange das Parlament das Zentralorgan der mitgliedstaatlichen parlamentarischen Demokratie ist, muss es substanziellen Einfluss auf die Entscheidungen der Europäischen Union haben. Die „zweigleisige demokratische Legitimation“ der Europäischen Union kommt im Unionsrecht selbst im Art. 12 EUV zum Ausdruck. Im CETA-Urteil nutze das BVerfG die Gelegenheit, um über die Verneinung der Notwendigkeit eines Mandatsgesetzes hinaus die konkreten Pflichten des Parlaments weiter auszudifferenzieren.
There’s Always More Show
Authors: Terrone Enrico ,   Society for the Philosophic Study of the Contemporary Visual Arts
Published: October 2021

This paper casts the television series BoJack Horseman as a challenge to the genre that Stanley Cavell calls “the comedy of remarriage.” First, it is argued that the last season of the series explicitly suggests but finally contradicts the narrative pattern of the comedy of remarriage. Then, the impossibility of remarriage in BoJack Horseman is traced back to some structural features of the medium of television and its relationship to time. Finally, the impossibility of remarriage in BoJack Horseman is related to the capacity of the medium of television to enable self-defeating fictions which challenge fiction as a cultural institution.
Grotius na Interdisciplinaridade Moderna Entre o Direito e a Filosofia Política
Authors: Santos Campos André ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

Modern political philosophy, especially since Machiavelli, intends to uncover what politics actually is, and in order to achieve this it often needs to penetrate into disciplines not immediately related to politics and assimilate for itself additional concepts and methodologies. Thus, it appears to be interdisciplinary in the manipulation of specific conceptual instruments. Since there is a methodological shift in modernity imposing the individual person as a basic starting-point of political philosophy, which is expressed in a language of rights, the birth of this juridical-political interdisciplinarity is to be found in a table of concepts established in the science of law and applicable to political philosophy. In order to further understand this, the origins of Grotius’s definitions of ius must be sought out, since they set the background for the bridge he architected between law and political philosophy to be crossed by subsequent modern political philosophers. The solidity of this theoretical basis for interdisciplinary political philosophy depends upon the simultaneity of all of Grotius’s different meanings of ius: it is from this foundation that seventeenth-century political philosophy can begin from.
Razão e Mística. Algumas Considerações a Partir do Proslogion de Santo Anselmo
Authors: Pacheco Maria Cândida ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

Numa revisitação do Proslogion anselmiano, busca-se tentar descodificar a sua complexidade em função das duas vertentes razão e mística, positividade e negatividade. Inserindo-se o texto numa linha de interioridade nitida, nele ressalta o significado da formulação do célebre argumento, encontrada a esse nível, para tentar expressar Deus e demonstrar lógica e rigorosamente, em toda a plenitude da razão, a sua necessária existência, como caso único e excepcional: aliquid quo nihil maius cogitare possit. Pode afirmar-se que o raciocinio no seu encadeamento racional se estrutura sem falhas, afastando qualquer confusao entre o nivel do conceptual e do real, chegando a uma conclusão necessaria e irrefutável, se se aceitarem os mesmos pontos de partida. A utilização dos termos aliquid e id impede que essa formulação possa ser considerada como definição ou conceito, fechados em si mesmos, tal como a sua expressão de negatividade, na sua indeterminação, desvela uma necessidade urgente e contínua do racional se ultrapassar a si mesmo, num caminho de algo apenas pressentido. Esta perspectiva, que se conexiona em última análise com a perspectiva dupla da própria Revelação como desocultação/ocultação, projecta-se no próprio texto, o qual como que se cinde a partir do capítulo XIII, na análise dos atributos de Deus, deixando de lado uma via de positividade que se esgota e abrindo-se à negatividade. Se a ratio pode argumentar, concluir e chegar à descoberta de um argumento estruturado e coerente, com amplitude universal, apercebe-se, igualmente, das suas limitações. O alargamento máximo das capacidades da razão para chegar a Deus, não basta a Anselmo, já que experiencia, paralelamente, o seu desespero em não conseguir ver a Sua face. É essa tensão subjacente a todo o texto do Proslogion e mais claro ainda nos últimos capítulos, que desvela a dialéctica da razão e da mística, interagindo, sem que se misturem os seus processos, os seus métodos e as suas linguagens, desencadeando, afinal, uma busca sempre inconclusa do Absoluto. Este dinamismo processual de forcas em presença que, mergulhando as suas raízes nos Platonismos clássicos transmutados pela Patrística, virá a aflorar, claramente, na mística especulativa do século XII, marca fundamente o pensamento medieval. Com efeito, nele estáo sempre presentes, um entendimento lúcido da razão e a confiança nas suas capacidades especulativas, e, paralelamente, o reconhecimento claro da sua relatividade e o apelo de uma Presença pressentida mais do que pensada. Assim a razão é impedida de se fechar em círculo, já que tenta, sempre, chegar ao Absoluto que não a determina, mas que a motiva incessantemente, para além do humano.
Afloramento Racional do Monoteísmo Trinitário em Anselmo de Cantuária
Authors: Costa Macedo José ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

O lema sola ratione, que preside a todo o pensamento de Santo Anselmo, gera vários momentos de audácia racional na sua obra, o primeiro dos quais emerge no Monologion onde, a par de uma procura racional acerca da existência e atributos de Deus, deparamos com uma abordagem da perspectiva trinitária sem recorrer à Revelação, tal como os monges lhe tinham solicitado. Esta é, portanto, a primeira audácia da sua obra, a preceder e como que a preparar a maior delas acerca da existência de Deus no Proslogion, Liber Apologeticus e, finalmente, Cur Deus Homo. Unam quidem et unitatem propter unam essentiam, trinam vero et trinitatem propter tres nescio quid (Mon., cap. 79): à luz desta expressão de inefabilidade não poderá deixar de ler-se o que a precede e o que se lhe segue, quer nesta primeira grande obra, quer naquelas em que o tema do mistério trinitário foi tratado ou discutido.
A Estrutura Metafísica do Ser Incriado e dos Seres Criados no de Trinitate de Severino Boécio
Authors: Silveira Daniela ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

In the De Trinitate, Boethius presents the threefold division of the speculative science and shows that, although natural sciences, mathematics and theology share the same primary object - form - these sciences can be distinguished by the way they face it. Theology, the highest form of human speculation and to which all wise men should devote themselves to, considers intellectually the true and pure form, which Boethius identifies with the divine substance, the being in se and with the source of being. The divine substance is pure form, form without mater and it is this simplicity that allows him to say that God est id quod est (here understood as essence). In God there is an identification between his being and his form that can not occur in creatures. As things composed by matter and form, all creatures owe there being to the parts that compose them and are those parts conjointly; form is, therefore, just a part of their whole reality and thus there can not be an identification between their form and their essence (and consequently, creatures are not id quod sunt), The creature’s form derives from the form that is apart from matter and as such it must be distinguished from the true form and designated by image. In this work we try to show how Boethius uses the ideas of simplicity and composition to enunciate the ontological difference between creatures and their creator.
Pedro Abelardo e São Bernardo de Claraval
Authors: Dias Cléber ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

O presente texto analisa as formas como Pedro Abelardo e S. Bernardo apresentam Deus para verificar se elas são conflitantes ou não. Enquanto que Pedro Abelardo propoe a possibilidade do conhecimento de Deus por via racional a partir de argumentos cosmológicos e da investigaçáo sobre os atributos divinos, Bernardo de Claraval refuta o uso da lógica/dialética para o conhecimento de Deus. Se bem que S. Bernardo tambem vê na consideração sobre as coisas criadas e nos atributos divinos um modo de conhecimento de Deus, colocaos, no entanto, em um nível abaixo e desnecessário em comparação ao conhecimento de Deus obtido pela contemplação e assemelhação do homem por meio da conversão do coração a imagem de Cristo. Tais modos divergentes de apresentar a possibilidade do conhecimento de Deus podem estar como base para as divergências teologicas entre S. Bernardo e Pedro Abelardo.
A Continuidade de Uma Grandeza e o Contacto Entre Pontos Geométricos no Tratado "Acerca do Contínuo" de Tomás Bradwardine
Authors: Queiroz Lídia ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

This paper is an approach to the continuum’s problem and the defence of a mathematical atomism in the context of a medieval treatise of the fourteenth Century. We will focus on the Aristotelian argument against the contact between points and the distinction between the notions of “superpositio” and “impositio” will be explained. We will show how the notion of continuity is reinterpreted in Bradwardine’s Tractatus de continuo, in the light of geometry.
Guilherme de Ockham e o Argumento Anselmiano via Escoto
Authors: Xavier Maria Leonor L. O. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

Admitting that God is humanly knowable, not in himself, but in concept, William of Ockham examines accurately the nature of our concepts about God. We find here the remaking of anselmian elements, like the attachment and the detachment between the concepts of supreme and insuperable. Then considering the concepts involved in the proposition “God exists”, the Franciscan philosopher takes position for its demonstrability. Within his position takes place the reception of the anselmian argument, which is called the “ratio Anselmi”, in the wake of John Duns Scotus. As a matter of fact, it is through the Doctor Subtilis that the philosopher of Ockham revisitates critically the most well known bequest of the Doctor Magnificus. Duns Scotus had assumed the ratio Anselmi of Proslogion 2, as an argument for God’s infinity. William is an incisive critic of the scotist ways of demonstration of God’s infinity, but he does not exclude completely the possibility of demonstrating the existence of a finite insuperable, in the wake of the scotist interpretation of the ratio Anselmi.
Norman Malcolm e Alvin Plantinga - Duas Versões Analíticas do Argumento do Proslogionde Santo Anselmo
Authors: Reis Pereira Maria Helena ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this work is to show some aspects which characterized the way analytical philosophers in the sixties and seventies (last Century) have read Saint Anselm’s argument in the Proslogion, thereby bringing its problematic into a new light. And had the virtue to begin the question of the existence of God in the heart of the analytical philosophy which up to the date was concerned by atheism. In the Introduction, we will point out the most frequent analytical objections to the argument - (i) existence is not a predicate (ii) the concept of God is incoherent (iii) existence is not perfection. Anscombe - an exception in this analytical context - has defended and supported the thesis that the argument is not an ontological one. Malcolm discovered two arguments in the Proslogion: one in chapter II which he considers invalid, another one in Chapter III considered valid and interpreted as modal by him. Plantinga was one of the first critics of the modal proof because there was - according to him - a confusion between necessity de dicto and necessity de re. Plantinga thought that the two arguments implied and/or complemented each other and developed a theory of modal realism in which he explains the nature and divine necessity in terms of possible worlds. Based on this concept he has rewritten a new modal proof considered “victorious” by him but that was later refuted by Mackie, Tooley and Davis (amongst others) and accused of circularity. Plantinga didn’t accept his proof to be considered fallacious and Oppy didn’t also recognize the same claim made by Fergie. However, Plantinga has rephrased his proof and summarized it in just one premise: “maximal greatness is possibly instantiated”. More than a proof of God’s existence, this is a defense of the acceptance of theism, a justification of the rationality of belief. And the possibility of existence of a metaphysically necessary being drives us to a deepest reflection from where every cognitive potentiality from the labor of the philosopher can be taken.
Report on progress towards implementation of Executive Order 13717 :
Authors: Johnson Katherine J , Harris John L III , McCabe Steven L
Published: October 2021

On February 2, 2016, President Obama signed Executive Order (EO) 13717: Establishing a Federal Earthquake Risk Management Standard. The EO establishes a minimum level of seismic safety compliance for new and existing buildings that will be constructed, altered, leased, financed, or regulated by the Federal Government. The primary purpose of this standard is to enhance the seismic resilience of agencies by reducing risk to lives of building occupants and improving the probability of continued performance of buildings essential to agency operations and functions following future earthquakes. The EO requires that agencies whose activities are covered by the order submit a biennial report to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on their progress in implementing the order, commencing two years from the date of the order. NIST, as the lead agency of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), is required by the EO to summarize agency compliance of the order in the biennial NEHRP report to Congress. This report serves as the first summary of agency efforts to comply with the EO. Because of legislative reporting changes in the NEHRP Reauthorization Act of 2018 (Public Law 115-307), this report is made available as an independent interim report until such time that it can be integrated into the official biennial NEHRP report to Congress.
Pink plaque on the hypogastrium
Authors: Mrabat Samia , Douhi Zakia , Elloudi Sara
Published: October 2021

Bowen’s disease is a type of intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma usually affecting the elderly and occurring on sun-exposed areas, such as the face, scalp, and limbs. The development of Bowen’s disease in other locations such as the abdomen is rare. In these cases, dermoscopy proves to be a helpful tool in making the diagnosis [1]. A 65-year-old male with no previous medical history presented himself with a nonhealing asymptomatic lesion on the abdomen slowly growing for the last ten years. A dermatological examination revealed a 6-cm well-limited erythematous plaque on the hypogastrium with peripheral pigmentation (Fig. 1). Dermoscopy found central keratin as well as white shiny structures, including white shiny lines, white shiny areas, and rosettes (Fig. 2) as well as brown linear globules and dots on the periphery and looped vessels (Fig. 3). Bowen’s disease was the most likely diagnosis, which was confirmed by histopathology. The patient underwent surgery for excision of the lesion with 5-mm margins.
Linear lichen planus associated with primary aldosteronism
Authors: Matsumura Natsuko , Yamamoto Toshiyuki
Published: October 2021

Sir, Lichen planus (LP) is categorized as a chronic inflammatory skin disease of unknown etiology that involves immune reactions. It is characterized by flat-topped, polygonal, violaceous papules and plaques. It has various clinical presentations, such as classical LP, hypertrophic LP, LP pigmentosus, and linear LP (LLP). Primary aldosteronism (PA) is known to pose a higher risk of causing multiple autoimmune diseases [1]. Herein, we report a case with LLP and PA present at the same time. A 72-year-old Japanese female presented herself to our hospital with a three-month history of slightly itchy skin lesions on the lower right leg. A physical examination revealed flat-topped plaques on the lower right limb extending from the middle of the leg to the dorsum of the foot (Fig. 1a). There was no oral or nail involvement. The patient had a history of hypertension from the age of 62 years and was diagnosed with PA afterward. The patient had been treated with an antihypertensive drug since then without change in internal medication. The patient had no history of a preceding trauma, dental metal fillings, hepatitis, metastatic cancer, or any other infections. A histopathological examination of a skin biopsy from a lesion on the right leg revealed hyperkeratosis, a saw-tooth appearance of the epidermis, and severe liquefaction degeneration. A band-like lymphocytic infiltration was present in the upper dermis (Figs. 2a and 2b), as well as lichenoid infiltration into the dermis composed of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Predominantly, CD8+ T lymphocytes infiltrated into the epidermis (Figs. 2c and 2d). Clinical and histological findings confirmed the diagnosis of LPP.
Approaching the bi-objective critical node detection problem with a smart initialization-based evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Béczi Eliézer , Gaskó Noémi
Published: October 2021

Determining the critical nodes in a complex network is an essential computation problem. Several variants of this problem have emerged due to its wide applicability in network analysis. In this article we study the bi-objective critical node detection problem (BOCNDP), which is a new variant of the well-known critical node detection problem, optimizing two objectives at the same time: maximizing the number of connected components and minimizing the variance of their cardinalities. Evolutionary multi-objective algorithms (EMOA) are a straightforward choice to solve this type of problem. We propose three different smart initialization strategies which can be incorporated into any EMOA. These initialization strategies take into account the basic properties of the networks. They are based on the highest degree, random walk (RW) and depth-first search. Numerical experiments were conducted on synthetic and real-world network data. The three different initialization types significantly improve the performance of the EMOA.
Factors related to job burnout among older nurses in Guizhou province, China
Authors: Jiang Hu , Huang Nanqu , Jiang Xue , Yu Jianghong , Zhou Yehong , Pu Hengping
Published: October 2021

Background

The nursing workforce shortage has long been a global concern, and with the aging of nurses, this problem has become more prominent. Nursing is recognized as a high-stress occupation, and nurses experience high levels of job burnout, which reduces their professional identity. Older nurses are an indispensable talent force for nursing teams and are extremely important for the stability of nursing teams and improvement in nursing quality. Exploring the mental health and influencing factors of older nurses is very beneficial for the stability and development of nurse teams and patients’ clinical outcomes.

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the level of job burnout and its influencing factors among older nurses in Guizhou Province, China and confirm the correlations among job burnout, professional identity and stress level.

Methods

From July to August 2019, 520 registered nurses aged over 40 years in Guizhou Province, China were surveyed through the Questionnaire Star platform. The questionnaire contained the following four parts: a general information questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), a professional identity scale, and a job stressors scale.

Results

The results showed that the job burnout score of the 520 older nurses was 55.44 ± 18.62, which was moderate. The level of job burnout was positively correlated with the level of nurse stress and negatively correlated with the level of professional identity, which was influenced by various personal and social factors.

Conclusions

This study not only revealed that job burnout was still at a moderate level, but also revealed its current status and influencing factors among older nurses in China.
Toxic Potentials of Methamphetamine in Neuroblastoma Cell Line and its Effects on the Mitochondrial Activity
Authors: Mokoena Xolisile , A. Alamu Olufemi
Published: October 2021

The cytotoxicity potentials of methamphetamine (METH) is presumably associated with oxidative stress induced apoptosis, this study therefore, investigated the toxic potentials of METH in neuroblastoma cells and further determined it effects on the mitochondrial activity.

Human neuroblastoma SK-N-BE (2) cells cultured in DMEM/F12 were used in this study. The cells were treated acutely with methamphetamine (1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 µg/mL) over 24, and were allowed to recover from METH treatment over 48, 72, and 96 h. Cell viability study was done with Trypanblue exclusion assay. The cell proliferative characteristics of the neuroblastoma cell line were investigated by constructinga cell proliferation curve. Mitochondrial activity was assessed using the XTT Assay. Statistical analysis were done with Graph Pad prism and significant difference were considered at p<0.001, 0.01 and 0.05.

The result showed normal growth in the untreated neuroblastoma cell over the 96 h of monitoring. Following treatment with METH, significant decrease in cell growth was observed when treated acutely with 5 and 10 µg/mL METH and allowed till 72 and 96 h recovery period. The SK-N-BE (2) treated with increasing concentration of METH showed no significant difference in cell viability over the recovery period from METH exposure. Toxicity of SK-N-BE (2) cells was only observed when treated with 10 µg/mL of METH. Significant decrease in mitochondria activity was observed when the cells were treated with 5, 10, 20, and 50 µg/mL METH and allowed till 72 h recovery.

The result showed that METH is cytotoxic to the SK-N-BE (2) cells and the mechanism of toxicity might be associated with inhibition of mitochondrial activity.
Challenges in Designing and Development of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCS) as Perceived by Instructors across India
Authors: Anand Rohini
Published: October 2021

The study aimed to explore the challenges perceived by the instructors during the designing and development of MOOCs in India. The data was collected through a mailed questionnaire with the help of Google form. A total of 79 respondents were involved across India. Descriptive research design was used for this particular study. The study revealed that content development (2.48) was perceived as a big challenge by the instructors because most of the content was available in video form. Learners’ engagement (2.33) was found as the second most important challenge perceived by the instructors. Other important challenges were time pressure during the development of MOOCs (2.20); moderating discussion forum (2.11) and technical competency (2.06). It can be concluded that among all parameters content development is hectic and the most challenging. One can be more effective in content development when others parameters like technical competency, discussion forum etc. are tackled properly so that more time and energy can be given in content development.
Comparative Analysis on the Antimycotic Effect of Azadiracta indica and Jatropha curcas on Curvularia Species
Authors: Ameh E. E. , Orukotan A. A. , Dadah A. J. , Abdullahi A. A.
Published: October 2021

This study was carried out to determine the phytochemical properties and the antimycotic effect of Jatropha curcas and Azadiracta indica leaves on Curvularia species. Isolation and identification of the fungal isolates were carried out using standard conventional method. Maceration technique was employed for crude extraction from the plant. The phytochemical tests were carried out using standard conventional methods. Agar well diffusion method was used to determine the susceptibility of the isolates.  Phytochemical tests of A. indica revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins, phenols, and glycosides.  Jatropha curcas showed the presence of glycoside, tannins, saponin steroids and phenols. The antifungal activity of Azadiracta indica and Jatropha curcas on Curvularia species, the ethanol extract of Azadiracta indica showed more antifungal activity with highest percentage inhibition of 50.56±0.84c at 20% extract concentration, and Aqueous extract was 40.00±0.55b at 20%. The aqueous extract of Jatropha curcas showed more antifungal activity of 50.55±0.05c at 20% while that of ethanol extract was 35.55±0.54a at 20% extract concentration. The synergestic antifungal activity of the plants revealed that ethanolic extract had more antifungal effect of 57.54±0.56c at 20% concentration and that of the aqeous extract showed more activity of 45.89±0.50b at 20%. There was significant difference (P<0.05) between the ethanoic and aqueous extracts of the plants. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of Jatropha curcas on Curvularia Species showed the MIC at 250 mg/ml extract concentration for both ethanol and aqueous extracts against Curvularia Species. The ethanol and aqueous extract of Jatropha curcas occurred has no fungicidal effect against Curvularia Species.