bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Equilibrium properties of the electron–hole liquid in semiconductors
Authors: Andryushin E. A. , Silin A. P.
Published: November 2024

Theoretical works devoted to the equilibrium properties of the electron-hole liquid in semiconductors are discussed. In particular, the binding energy, equilibrium density, surface tension, charge, and the critical temperature and density are considered.
Features of ultrasound propagation in layered metals owing to geometry of Fermi surface
Authors: Stepanova N. A.
Published: November 2024

The electronic part of sound attenuation and dispersion in chalcogenides which is associated with flat regions and singular points of the Fermi surface and which vanishes under a structural transition is studied in this paper. The contribution made to the sound attenuation (and velocity dispersion) by locally flat regions, which often occur in three-dimensional as well as in layered metals, is considered. The relations derived for the attenuation and dispersion as functions of the direction of sound propagation may be useful for studying the Fermi surfaces of dichalcogenides and for establishing which elements of the Fermi surface are responsible for the structural transition.
Force density induced by preferential adsorption in a near-critical binary fluid mixture subject to the Soret effect
Authors: Fujitani Youhei
Published: November 2024

We assume that two parallel plates are immersed in a binary fluid mixture lying in the one-phase region near the demixing critical point and that the surface of each plate attracts the mixture components differently via short-range interactions. It is known that the composition inhomogeneity caused by the difference can induce a force exerted on the plate at equilibrium. In the present study, we investigate how a temperature gradient imposed vertically on the plates changes the induced force by calculating the composition profile subject to the Soret effect. Numerically solving the derived differential equation, we show that a temperature gradient within the critical regime can change the force distinctly from its equilibrium value and can make the force direction opposite to the one at equilibrium.
Atomistic-scale simulation of multilayer graphene etching induced by Hx+ (x = 1−3) ions irradiation in hydrogen plasma
Authors: Hatami M. , Niknam A. R.
Published: November 2024

The plasma hydrogenation technique is widely recognized as an efficient tool for modifying graphene’s physical and chemical properties. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between plasma and graphene at the atomic scale can provide valuable insights into the potential applications of graphene. Here, using MD (molecular dynamics) simulations and the existence of different ionic species in hydrogen plasma, we investigate the multilayer graphene etching process under Hx+(x=1-3) ion irradiation. The ion energy range is chosen between 2.5 and 40 eV. It is shown that for all three ion species at the lower energy, ions cannot penetrate the lower layers, and hydrogenation of graphene increases with ion fluence until it reaches saturation. At higher energies, ions can penetrate and etching can be observed for all three ionic species. Among these species, the H2+ ion exhibits the fastest initiation of etching on the top layer. Due to the higher observed percentage of an H3+ ion in some hydrogen plasmas and the dependency of the energy barrier for hydrogen chemisorption in graphene on the number of layers, we also consider a wide range of energies for an H3+ ion and investigate one- and four-layer graphene irradiated by H3+ ions. It is seen that the hydrogenation rate of one-layer graphene is lower than four-layer graphene, and the etching process begins at an energy of ≈20 eV. It is also indicated that the etching initiates at lower ion doses by increasing the energy of the H3+ ion.
Temperature-dependent behavior of VO2-based artificial neurons
Authors: Zhao Tiancheng , Xu Yuan , Liu Jiacheng , Bao Xiang , Yuan Liu , Gu Deen
Published: November 2024

Temperature serves as a pivotal factor influencing information transmission and computational capacity in neurons, significantly affecting the function and efficiency of neural networks. However, the temperature dependence of VO2-based artificial neuron, which is one of the highly promising artificial neurons, has been hardly reported to date. Here, high-performance VO2 devices with NDR features are prepared by rapid annealing and electroforming processes. We constructed VO2-based artificial neurons with output properties similar to those of biological neurons on the basis of the Pearson–Anson oscillation circuit. The temperature-dependent behavior of VO2 neurons was fully investigated. Increasing temperature leads to a decrease in the peak-to-peak value of the output spikes of VO2 neurons. The spike period of VO2 neurons remains relatively stable near room temperature, but it decreases as the temperature reaches above 26 °C. These temperature-dependent features of VO2 neurons are similar to the ones of biological neurons, suggesting a natural advantage of VO2-based artificial neurons in mimicking biological neural activity. These findings contribute toward comprehending and regulating the temperature-dependent behavior of artificial neurons based on Mott memristor.
Anomalous pressure–density relations and speed of sound in bubbly water systems
Authors: Prelesnik Jesse L. , Chen Jingyi L. , Mahesh Krishnan , Siepmann J. Ilja
Published: November 2024

The speed of sound in bubbly water is an important parameter in the wave equations governing pressure–density relations for turbulent multi-phase flow simulations. Recent molecular simulation results indicate that, for bubbles that are thermodynamically stable at finite volume conditions, the derivative of total pressure P with density ρ has a negative sign, complicating the interpretation of the speed of sound. We show that such a negative compressibility is thermodynamically consistent in a single-component two-phase model at finite volume, and identify an empirically derived equation of state to illustrate that this observation is not an artifact of small simulation length scales. To reconcile this thermodynamic relation with measurements of sound propagation, we decompose the derivative ∂P/∂ρ for bubbly water into its constituent phases to identify absorptive and transmissive contributors, both with an equation of state and using molecular simulations. We find that the speed of sound in the liquid phase remains real-valued while the bubble attenuates sound, giving a negative system compressibility. The inclusion of N2 molecules in molecular simulations illustrates that these observations are robust and hold also for mixtures. From these simulations, we also compute scattering functions for bubbly systems to identify oscillations associated with the speed of sound. Finally, the spherical harmonic modes of bubble oscillations are analyzed in the context of resonance with propagating waves.
Velocity fluctuations of submicron- and micron-sized particles in suspension studied by dynamic ultrasound scattering
Authors: Hirano Mayuko , Norisuye Tomohisa
Published: November 2024

Sedimentation velocity fluctuations of microparticles accompanying long-range hydrodynamic interactions have been extensively investigated in previous work using numerical simulations and particle image velocimetry methods. However, studies on the velocity fluctuations of submicron- and micron-sized particles also experiencing Brownian motion are limited, and velocity fluctuations involving cooperative blob structures represent an unsolved problem. Dynamic ultrasound scattering methods allow us to track both the Brownian motion and long-range velocity fluctuations of microparticles. Since the motion of submicron particles is not completely Brownian, a formulation of velocity fluctuations that incorporates hydrodynamic interactions is crucial. In this study, we experimentally clarify the relationship between velocity fluctuations and particle sizes quantitatively, focusing on recent fluid physics problems, such as stratification related to the concentration gradient in the sedimentation direction and to inertia screening by the presence of cooperative particle-blob structures. The velocity fluctuation prefactor, which has not been explicitly discussed before, is also examined.
The interwar Romanian translation of Dracula
Authors: Martin Anca Simina
Published: November 2024

Barbu Cioculescu, co-translator of the 1990 Romanian rendition of Bram Stoker’s Dracula alongside
Ileana Verzea, has claimed that their rendition marked the Romanian audience’s first interaction with Stoker’s magnum
opus. In 2005 and 2009, however, scholarly articles surfaced positing the existence of an overlooked interwar
translation. Nearly a decade later, this lost translation resurfaced through the efforts of a minor publishing house, which
published it in book-length form in 2023. Serialized between 1928 and 1929, this newly rediscovered rendition, authored by
Romanian poet and prose writer Ion Gorun, stands among the earliest ten translations internationally, predating the novel’s
publication in Ireland, Stoker’s homeland, by half a decade. This study explores the rediscovery and peculiarities of Gorun’s
rendition, concurrently examining the socio-historical milieu surrounding its original release and elucidating the factors
contributing to its century-long elusiveness. Furthermore, the study shows that, despite promoting Stoker’s novel as being set in
Transylvania, Gorun’s translation tends to de-exoticize the Irish writer’s portrayal of the region, either for fear of censorship
or to circumvent confusion and disapproval among the local audience.
Narrating the sociotechnical mess
Authors: Raatikainen Pasi , Nurminen Matias
Published: November 2024

This article investigates how the core features of narratives and the logic of storytelling are manifested in stories told by the developers and users of an information system and how they may adversely affect their perceptions of the ongoing implementation process. Information systems and the way they operate create a negative cycle where primarily problems possess tellability. We identify a negative masterplot dominating the narratives surrounding information system projects. We examine an ongoing public sector healthcare information system project by analysing both the written narratives of frustrated health and social care professionals on a social media channel and the oral narratives told by employees of the project organisation. These stories reveal a narrative struggle and various strategies, such as positioning, used in sense-making. We suggest that a better understanding of how narratives function could help disentangle the sociotechnical issues involving information system developers and users.
Tunable Filtering of Orbital Angular Momentum Modes via Spatial Depth-Dependent Mode Transformation
Authors: Wu 吴 Haisheng 海生 , Huang 黄 Huihua 辉华 , Chen 陈 Shu 舒 , Wang 王 Jing 晶 , Zeng 曾 Qingji 庆计 , Zhang 张 Bowei 博维 , Liu 刘 Junmin 俊敏 , Ye 叶 Huapeng 华朋 , Dong 董 Ze 泽 , Fan 范 Dianyuan 滇元 , Chen 陈 Shuqing 书青
Published: November 2024

Advancements in orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode-multiplexing communication networks require tunable mode filters for selective channel demultiplexing and downloading. In this study, we propose a spatial depth-dependent mode transformation strategy for the tunable filtering of OAM modes. By integrating the spiral phase and lens phase modulations, we achieved mode conversions that varied with the transmission depth, enabling selective demultiplexing in predetermined axial planes. This approach facilitates tunable mode filtering by adjusting spatial depths. As a proof of concept, we fabricated a mode filter using two-photon polymerization lithography (TPL) technology, successfully filtering five OAM modes with mode crosstalk below −10.9 dB. Additionally, the filter was applied in a mode-multiplexing communication link, achieving tunable demultiplexing of five mode channels with bit error rates below 10−6. These results highlight the efficacy and flexibility of our strategy for OAM mode filtering and offer promising insights for the development of mode-multiplexing communication networks and channel interconnections.
Quantum effect of triple-perovskite antiferromagnets with triangular lattices, A3MB2O9 (A = Ba, Ca, and Sr; M = Co, Ni, and Mn; B = Sb, Nb)
Authors: Zhang 张 Meng 萌 , Shu 舒 Mingfang 明方 , Shen 沈 Xiaoling 晓玲 , Ma 马 Jie 杰
Published: November 2024

As a typical two-dimensional frustrated quantum magnet, the triangular-lattice antiferromagnet exhibits a series of exotic states from the complicated interplay of the lattice, spin, electron, and orbit with quantum and thermal fluctuations. From the ground state of a triangular-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet with coplanar 120° ordering, a series of magnetization anomalies can manifest under a magnetic field, such as the 1/3 magnetization plateau (Ms/3) and umbrella-shaped phase. This Ms/3 plateau state is recognized as an up-up-down structure stabilized by the quantum effect. By surveying theoretical research and experimental measurements on triangular-lattice antiferromagnets, this review article describes the current understanding of the magnetic properties of triple-perovskite antiferromagnets A3MB2O9(A = Ba, Ca, and Sr; M = Co, Ni, and Mn; B = Sb, Nb). Through examining both the bulk properties and spin dynamics, fascinating insights into the quantum effect on the triangular lattice are discussed.
Unambiguous evidence of an isosymmetric phase transition in Rare earth orthoferrites (

RFeO
3

) driven by interaction of R cation with O anions in first and second coordination shells
Authors: Kumar Harsh , Tripathi Anuvrat , Tripathi Saurabh
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the existence of an isosymmetric phase transition (ISPT) as a function of A site (R cation) radii in

RFeO
3

(having an orthorhombic crystal structure with Pbnm space group). The ISPT is driven by the competing interaction of the first and second coordination shells of O anions with the R cation. The orthorhombic supercell has been expressed in terms of an elementary (pseudomonoclinic) cell with lattice parameters (a
p = b
p, c
p, γ, V
mono). We have also calculated the lattice plane spacing

d

hhh

for an elementary cell (since it includes all the lattice parameters with equal weightage to the crystallographic axes), as it can act as an important parameter to explain ISPT. We have observed anomalies in a
p, c
p, γ, V
mono, and

d

111

around Gd in RFeO3, without any change in the crystallographic symmetry (SG: Pbnm) characteristic of ISPT. This ISPT is clearly evident in the crossover between the scaled radii of the two coordination shells of O atoms(

AO
8

&

AO
4

) corresponding to the R cation. In addition, we have clearly observed non-analytical behavior in the amplitude of various frozen phonon modes viz.

R
4
+

(
q
=
1

/

2
,
1

/

2
,
1

/

2
)

,

M
3
+

(
q
=
1

/

2
,
1

/

2
,
0
)

, and

X
5
+

(
q
=
0
,
1

/

2
,
0
)

corresponding to out-of-phase octahedral rotation, in-phase octahedral rotation, and the displacement of R cation in an anti-parallel fashion. Our findings support the anomalous behavior of the room temperature octahedral site distortion (ρ) in RFeO3 as observed by Zhou and Goodenough (2008 Phys. Rev. B

77
132104).
Autoencoder and Mahalanobis distance-based monitoring indicator estimation for early clinkering detection in boiler
Authors: Sinha Aparna , Das Debanjan , Kumar Palavalasa Suneel , Singh Bugga Jaspreet
Published: November 2024

The performance of coal-fired boilers has a significant impact on the overall yield of thermal power plants. Among the various boiler faults, the clinkering fault diagnosis is one of the most crucial and scarcely addressed topics in literature. Existing clinkering detection methods are boiler-specific and require both healthy and faulty data for training, which is difficult to acquire. To overcome these drawbacks, a generalized method for early clinkering detection is proposed that only requires normal operation data for training. A stacked-denoising-autoencoder is trained such that the reconstruction error departs from the expected value when clinkering occurs. Mahalanobis distance of this error gives the monitoring indicator for clinkering detection, whose threshold is determined as 385.817 using kernel density estimation. The method is validated using real-time boiler data containing clinkering events, which shows that the obtained threshold clearly demarcates between healthy and clinkering conditions with 99.29% accuracy, providing early alert to operators.
Bioactive glass suspension hydrogel promotes wound healing by modulating fibroblasts
Authors: Ma Kai , Cheng Baichuan , Xu Xiaodi , Zhang Lei , Ruan Rui , Deng Hongbin , Zhu Xiaolei , Zhu Hongda
Published: November 2024

The irritation and adhesion of wound healing biomaterials to wet wounds should be addressed for achieving effective wound healing. In this study, a stable multifunctional hydrogels (BGs/HA suspension gels) were prepared using superfine powder of bioactive glasses (BGs), the biocompatible materials hyaluronic acid (HA) and carbomer940, which had good adhesion and low irritation properties for use in moist complex wounds. The average particle size of BGs/HA suspension gels was 13.11 ± 0.29 μm, and the BG content was 15.8 ± 0.2% (m m−1). The results of cell proliferation, cell migration, and immunofluorescence staining experiments showed that in the initial stage of wound healing, the ionic extract of BGs formulations promoted the proliferation and migration of L929 cells and induced the secretion of α-SMA and collagen I. In the final stage of repair, the ionic extract of the BGs formulation regulated the differentiation of fibroblast, which contributed to the reduction of pathological scar formation. In vivo experiments showed that the wound healing rate of BGs/HA suspension gels group exceeded higher than that of the conventional BGs superfine powder group. Although BGs/HA suspension gels were comparable to its commercially available counterpart (Dermlin paste) in promoting wound healing, it addressed the problem of localized irritation caused by the high pH and low adhesion of BGs products. This study confirmed the specific regulatory effect of BGs/HA suspension gels on L929 cells, which provided a reference for the clinical application of BGs in wound dressing.
Asymptotic analysis of resonance behaviors for the (2+1)-dimensional generalized fifth-order KdV equation via Hirota's bi-linear method
Authors: Bao Wang , Xu Da-Xing
Published: November 2024

The generalized fifth-order Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation, encompasses certain characteristics of the original KdV equation and is capable of describing more complex wave phenomena. The Miles resonance conditions are achieved for Y-shaped solitons by rendering the phase shift induced by the elastic interaction among N-solitons. Our investigation not only conducts a thorough analysis of the low-order resonant solutions but also presents general resonant conditions that enable the degeneration of N-solitons solutions into resonant solutions.
Predictive analytics of oil-based non-newtonian nanofluid’s viscosity with multi-layer perceptron neural networks
Authors: Ahmed Anas , Wong Felicia Sheun Meng , Ilyas Suhaib Umer , Lock Serene Sow Mun , Alsaady Mustafa , Abdulrahman Aymn
Published: November 2024

Nanoparticle addition in a base fluid known as nanofluid is being applied extensively in today’s technology due to its superior thermal and viscous properties. However, experimental studies on new nanofluid combinations to determine their thermophysical properties require ample cost and time. Hence, artificial neural networks are suggested in this research. This study developed two multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network models to predict the viscosity of two different oil-based non-Newtonian nanofluids, i.e., ZnO-Coconut oil- and Cu-Gear oil-based nanofluids. This viscous property was chosen as the output variable of the ANN models due to its remarkable effects on heat transfer and fluid flow. The viscosity of nanofluid depends on various factors such as temperature, nanoparticle concentration, and shear rate. Therefore, These three parameters were chosen as the models’ input variables. Experimental data was obtained from the existing studies, and machine learning algorithms were applied to predict viscosity. For each nanofluid, 14 network architectures were established by varying hidden layers and number of neurons to find the optimal topology of the model. Statistical parameters such as R2, MSE, RMSE, and MAPE were used to evaluate the performance of the models. Results indicated that the evaluation criteria values obtained for neural network models signified that the developed models could predict viscosity values accurately. The ANN-predicted outputs showed an excellent agreement with the actual experimental data values.
Graphene nanoplatelets inclusion effects on mechanical properties of the hybrid kevlar/basalt fiber reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Abdo Atban Rafea , Bulut Mehmet , Sulaiman Bahjat Hardan , Bozkurt Ömer Yavuz , Erkliğ Ahmet
Published: November 2024

This study experimentally examined the effects of hybridizing Basalt and Kevlar fibers on the tensile, and flexural performance of composite materials with the inclusion of Graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs). Various hybrid composites were fabricated, incorporating Basalt and Kevlar fiber composites with 1, 3, and 5 wt% of GnPs as well as without GnPs, as well as hybrid composites featuring different weight content of GnPs reinforcing with with Basalt and Kevlar fibers. The findings of this study indicated that the mechanical properties of epoxy resin were significantly enhanced through the synergistic effects of hybridization with basalt and Kevlar fibers, as well as the incorporation of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs). The significant increasing in mechanical properties was attributed to the strong interfacial interactions between the epoxy matrix and GnPs nanoparticles, which facilitate improved stress transfer from the fibers and nanoparticles to the matrix. This enhanced stress transfer capability accounts for the superior resistance to fiber pullout observed in composites reinforced with GnPs compared to those without nanoparticles.
Nonlinear free vibration analysis of magneto-electro-elastic laminated nanoplates with flexomagnetoelectric effect in hygrothermal environments
Authors: Xu Liang-liang , Zheng Yu-fang , Chen Chang-ping
Published: November 2024

Magnetoelectroelastic (MEE) materials, as smart composites consisting of piezoelectric and piezomagnetic phases, exhibit distinct phenomena: the piezoelectric phase generates a flexoelectric effect, and the piezomagnetic phase induces a flexomagnetic effect. Hence, understanding the influence of the flexomagnetoelectric (FME) effect on the mechanical characteristics of these materials during their application is crucial. This article investigates the nonlinear free oscillation response of MEE laminated nanoplates, considering the FME effect and elastic foundation, in hygrothermal environments. The derivation of the nonlinear dominant equations for the MEE laminated nanoplate with hydrothermal environments has been accomplished, grounded in the principles of Hamilton’s principle, nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT), and the higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT). Employing the Airy stress function serves as a means to handle the complexities arising from the nonlinear nonlocal terms. Moreover, the control equations are tackled by a combined approach that incorporates both the two-step perturbation method (TPM) and the Lindstedt-Poincare perturbation method for their solution. The TPM can obviate the necessity for making hypotheses or conjectures concerning the configuration function. Specifically, the effects of FME effects, NSGT parameters, elastic foundation parameters, dimensional parameters of the nanoplate, and various physical field parameters on the nonlinear free oscillation properties of the MEE nanoplate are meticulously examined. The findings of this study demonstrate significant application potential in the fields of nanosensors, actuators, and energy harvesters.
Kinetic modeling and iso-conversional analysis of glass-ceramics of selenium doped with carbon nanomaterials
Authors: Yadav Sachin Kumar , Pal Shiv Kumar , Dahshan A , Mehta Neeraj
Published: November 2024

This study addresses a gap in understanding the impact of carbon nanomaterial doping on the crystallization kinetics of selenium glass, particularly when utilizing model-free iso-conversional methods. Previous research has explored the properties of elemental selenium; however, the role of dopants like multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene in altering glass-to-crystal phase transitions at non-isothermal conditions has not been thoroughly analyzed. In the context of selenium glass crystallization, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and graphene may alter the crystal growth kinetics significantly during glass/crystal phase transformation. Keeping in mind these facts, the present endeavor focuses on analyzing the doping effect of MWCNT and Graphene on the non-isothermal kinetic reaction mechanism of Selenium measured with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at different heating rates. The model-free relations such as Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Tang, and Straink methods were applied using iso-conversional approach for determining the activation energy of amorphous to crystalline transformation as well as the Avrami index. Iso-conversional study yields adequate activation energy as a function of the conversion coefficient. We have observed the decreasing behavior of E

c
(α) along with the extent of crystallization of four iso-conversional methods. The kinetic triplet parameters (i.e., activation energy E

α
, rate constant K

α
, and order parameter n

α
) have been calculated using the VHR method derived from the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami (JMA) rate equation. The value of ‘n’ is reduced with the rise in the value of the extent of conversion α which indicates the reduction in the growth rate of crystallization because of its saturation. This study provides novel insights into the thermal stability and kinetic mechanisms within doped selenium glass-ceramics, expanding the potential applications of chalcogenide glasses in phase-change memory and other fields.
Exploring the structural, optical, magnetic, and antibacterial characteristics of hydrothermally synthesized α-Fe2O3/rGO nanocomposites
Authors: Abedi Seyyedeh Parisa , Rahmani Mohammad Bagher , Rezaii Farkhondeh
Published: November 2024

Hematite (α-Fe2O3) and its composites have garnered significant interest due to their outstanding features, making them promising candidates for a wide range of applications in photocatalysis, water splitting, gas sensing, and antibacterial fields. This study describes the synthesis of hematite and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites via a facile hydrothermal method, producing three samples using 0.018 g (FG1), 0.036 g (FG2), and 0.072 g (FG3) of graphene oxide (GO). The prepared nanopowders were subjected to versatile characterizations for studying their morphological, structural, optical, and magnetic characteristics. The growth of the rhombohedral structure of hematite was confirmed by analyzing x-ray diffraction patterns, and the production of nanocomposites was verified by Raman and infrared spectroscopy. According to electron microscope images, increasing the content of GO in the precursor solution caused the change of the morphology from large rhombus and cubic shapes with sizes of about 180 nm to worm-like nanoparticles with a length of about 90 nm and a mean diameter of 25 nm. The magnetic hysteresis loops of the composite samples reflect their ferromagnetic characteristics, with saturation magnetization (Ms) values of 0.02235, 0.14990, and 0.0608 emu g−1 for FG1, FG2, and FG3 samples, respectively. Lastly, the antibacterial activity of the nanocomposites was screened against both Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) bacteria, and the results indicated that the growth of both bacterial strains was inhibited by all synthesized nanoparticles.
The effects of strain and interface engineering on the PbS/PbSe/CsPbI3 heterojunction
Authors: Lin Zhonghai , Liu Min , Wang Pingjian , Cao Yanjun , Hao Yaming , Qiao Zhuhui
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates the PbS/PbSe/CsPbI3 heterojunction based on first-principles calculations within the framework of density functional theory and demonstrates the effects of different strains on the structural, electronic, optical properties. PbS/PbSe, PbSe/CsPbI3 and PbS/CsPbI3 all possess relatively low lattice mismatch rates (2.3%, 2.4% and 4.6%) and similar octahedral structures. The PbS/CsPbI3 heterojunction reduces carrier transfer losses between different materials. By serving as the functional layer, PbSe can alter the electron–hole recombination losses at the heterostructure interface, broaden the spectral response range, and change the electronic density around the atoms at the heterostructure interface. All three heterojunctions are direct band gap semiconductors (ΔEg: PbS/PbSe-PbSe/CsPbI3-PbS/CsPbI3, 0.632–0.856–0.523 eV). The spectral comparison shows that PbS/PbSe/CsPbI3 > PbSe/CsPbI3 > CsPbI3, indicating that PbS/PbSe/CsPbI3 exhibits superior stability, charge density transfer, and optical performance with a redshift in absorption spectra. Additionally, the band gap and optical properties of PbS/PbSe/CsPbI3 can be adjusted by applying strain, thereby affecting its optical absorption intensity. This work provides a theoretical foundation for improving the performance of PbS/PbSe/CsPbI3 heterojunction as visible-near infrared optoelectronic materials.
Quantum implementation of bilinear interpolation algorithm based on NEQR and center alignment
Authors: Cai Shuo , Zhou Ri-Gui
Published: November 2024

In the field of quantum image processing, scaling techniques have been extensively studied as a critical subfield. Predominantly, these techniques leverage bilinear interpolation method. However, the current quantum bilinear interpolation algorithm remains in its initial version, resulting in a significant flaw: the centers of the source image and the interpolated image are misaligned. This flaw not only leads to results identical to nearest neighbor interpolation during integer multiple image scaling-down but also causes excessive qubit usage. To tackle these issues, our study introduces an innovative bilinear interpolation method with the following key advancements. Firstly, by integrating the NEQR representation with an enhanced bilinear interpolation from OpenCV, the central misalignment is effectively rectified. Secondly, resolving the central misalignment enables our method to prevent the degradation to nearest neighbor interpolation during integer multiple image reduction. Finally, based on the characteristics of optimization algorithms and quantum computing, along with simpler quantum modules and quantum convolution algorithms, the steps of the quantum image scaling algorithm have been optimized to reduce circuit complexity. Through a series of simulation experiments and complexity analyses, it has been demonstrated that our method, compared to the initial bilinear interpolation method, exhibits lower circuit complexity and significantly reduces qubit usage.
Persistent oscillations in correlation function: from the perspective of past quantum states
Authors: Xu Qing , Shen Xiaobo , Yu Haijun
Published: November 2024

The recent past quantum state formalism (2013 Phys. Rev. Lett.
111, 160401) indicates that the outcome probability of the measurement performed on a quantum system at time t shows dependence on the measurement events recorded until that time, and is also revised by the outcomes acquired after time t. We apply the past quantum state formalism to calculate the three-time correlation function of a radiation field and to analyze the conditional dynamics on the pre- and postselection by the first and last detection events. The persistent oscillations in the three-time field correlation function, which cannot be well understood by the usual quantum regression theorem, are straightforwardly explained by the probabilistic knowledge of the past and the future through the past quantum state reasoning.
First-principles investigation of structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of AMgX3 (A=Ga, In, Tl, and X=Cl, Br, I) perovskites for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Apon Imtiaz Ahamed , Hasan, Md Ratul , Islam Mafidul
Published: November 2024

Metal-halide perovskites have emerged as a revolutionary material in solar energy technology, offering exceptional light-harvesting efficiency, eco-friendly characteristics, and low production costs. These materials are paving the way for next-generation photovoltaic devices with their outstanding optoelectronic properties and scalability for commercial applications. To determine the various features of the halide perovskites AMgX3 (where A stands for Ga, In, Tl, and X for Cl, Br, and I), we utilized DFT with the (Generalized Gradient Approximation) GGA-PBE (Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof) exchange and correlation approximation to examine the structural, mechanical, electronic, and optical behaviors of the perovskite materials. Structurally, these materials exhibit cubic stability, vital for high-performance durability in photovoltaic devices. Mechanically, the calculated elastic constants verify their strength, suitable for environments where mechanical stability is critical, such as in aerospace electronics. The band gap range (1.22–3.69 eV) shows how versatile the materials are. TlMgI3 is suitable for infrared (IR) detection, whereas GaMgCl3 and InMgCl3 are optimal for ultraviolet (UV) applications. These findings support applications from IR sensors to UV photo detectors. The compounds’ optical properties, such as their high absorption coefficients, dielectric constants, and reflectivity, show how well they can collect and send light, which is important for solar cells and LEDs. The mechanical and optoelectronic properties collectively enhance their suitability for photonic and thermoelectric devices, offering scalable solutions for renewable energy and advanced photonics applications.
Measuring the Time Variation of the Fine-structure Constant with Quasars Detected by LAMOST
Authors: Wei 魏 Jin-Nan 晋南 , Chen 陈 Rui-Jie 睿劼 , Wei 魏 Jun-Jie 俊杰 , López-Corredoira Martín , Wu 吴 Xue-Feng 雪峰
Published: November 2024

The [O iii] λλ4960, 5008 emission lines in the optical spectra of galaxies and quasars have been widely used to investigate the possible variation of the fine-structure constant α over cosmic time. In this work, we utilize the Large Sky Area Multi-object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) quasar survey, for the first time, to measure the relative α variation Δα/α in time through the [O iii] doublet method. From the LAMOST Data Release 9 quasar catalog, we refine a sample of 209 quasar spectra with strong and narrow [O iii] emission lines over a redshift range of 0 < z < 0.8. Analysis on all of the 209 spectra obtains Δα/α = (0.5 ± 3.7) × 10−4, which suggests that there is no evidence of varying α on the explored cosmological timescales. Assuming a linear variation, the mean rate of change in Δα/α is limited to be (−3.4 ± 2.4) × 10−13 yr−1 in the last 7.0 Gyr. While our LAMOST-based constraint on Δα/α is not competitive with those of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) quasar observations, our analysis serves to corroborate the results of SDSS with another independent survey.
A 10-year journey towards clinical translation of an implantable endovascular BCI a keynote lecture given at the BCI society meeting in Brussels
Authors: Oxley Thomas J
Published: November 2024

In the rapidly evolving field of brain–computer interfaces (BCIs), a novel modality for recording electrical brain signals has quietly emerged over the past decade. The technology is endovascular electrocorticography (ECoG), an innovation that stands alongside well-established methods such as electroencephalography, traditional ECoG, and single/multi-unit activity recording. This system was inspired by advancements in interventional cardiology, particularly the integration of electronics into various medical interventions. The breakthrough led to the development of the Stentrode system, which employs stent-mounted electrodes to record electrical brain activity for applications in a motor neuroprosthesis. This perspective explores four key areas in our quest to bring the Stentrode BCI to market: the critical patient need for autonomy driving our efforts, the hurdles and achievements in assessing BCI performance, the compelling advantages of our unique endovascular approach, and the essential steps for clinical translation and product commercialization.
Protection of the plasma facing components in the WEST tokamak, progress and development in view of ITER
Authors: Houry M. , Aumeunier M-H. , Corre Y. , Courtois X. , Mitteau R. , Loarer TH. , Dubus L. , Gauthier E. , Gerardin J. , Gorse V. , Grelier E. , Juven A. , Malard PH. , Moncada V. , Tichit Q. , Vives S. , Gaspar J. ,   the WEST Team
Published: November 2024

The protection of the inner walls of magnetic confinement fusion research reactors is a crucial issue, particularly in this research context where plasma scenarios are explored to reach high power performance, thus leading to high temperature of the plasma facing components (PFCs), possibly close to their technological limitation. The aim is to protect the PFCs from damage during experimental campaigns, whilst enabling the expansion of the operational domain toward long duration and high power performances. With nearly 35 years of operation of Tore Supra and now WEST, CEA’s magnetic fusion research institute, the IRFM, has deployed a system combining thermal instrumentation, modeling of the heat transfer and photonic emission, signal processing and understanding of the physics of plasma-wall interaction to provide an optimized and controlled protection of the PFCs in metallic environment (with tungsten, bore, copper and stainless steel materials). In this context, the WEST Tokamak is a relevant Fusion facility capable of combining steady-state (Vloop ∼ 0) 1000 s long pulse operation with up to 6 MW m−2 on its divertor together with an advanced first wall protection system that could be deployed on ITER and future Fusion machines. The paper describes the wall protection system installed on WEST, highlighting its particular features and recent results.
Enhancing livelihood resilience through hybrid ecological compensation: evidence from Potatso National Park, China
Authors: Diao Yu , Shao Jiacheng , Wang Jinnan , Zhang Qingyu
Published: November 2024

Balancing biodiversity conservation and the socioeconomic well-being of ethnic minority communities presents a significant challenge in protected areas (PAs). Ecological compensation (EC) is a crucial policy instrument for improving the livelihood of affected residents, but its application in ethnic minority-dominant regions is complicated by cultural differences and fragile economic foundations. This study evaluates the impact of an innovative hybrid EC mechanism, integrating cash payment, employment support, and education incentive, on the livelihood resilience of ethnic minority groups and identifies the most cost-effective mechanism. Using field data from rural households in Potatso National Park, analyzed through hierarchical multiple regression and scenario simulations within the Sustainable Livelihood Framework, the study finds that: (i) hybrid EC mechanisms significantly improve overall livelihoods, with households receiving employment support and education incentive showing 0.074 and 0.052 higher average livelihood score, respectively (on a 0–1 scale); (ii) different EC types have varied effects across households; and (iii) hybrid EC mechanisms increase social benefits by 6.97%–37.65%, with only a 1.30%–20.15% cost increase compared to baseline scenario. The findings highlight the need for diversified and optimized EC policies to improve livelihood resilience and maximize cost-effectiveness in PAs.
Quantum cryptographic protocols with dual messaging system via 2D alternate quantum walk of a genuine single-photon entangled state
Authors: Kumar Panda Dinesh , Benjamin Colin
Published: November 2024

A single-photon entangled state (or single-particle entangled state (SPES) in general) can offer a more secure way of encoding and processing quantum information than their multi-photon (or multi-particle) counterparts. The SPES generated via a 2D alternate quantum-walk setup from initially separable states can be either 3-way or 2-way entangled. This letter shows that the generated genuine three-way and nonlocal two-way SPES can be used as cryptographic keys to securely encode two distinct messages simultaneously. We detail the message encryption–decryption steps and show the resilience of the 3-way and 2-way SPES-based cryptographic protocols against eavesdropper attacks like intercept-and-resend and man-in-the-middle. We also detail the experimental realization of these protocols using a single photon, with the three degrees of freedom being orbital angular momentum, path, and polarization. We have proved that the protocols have unconditional security for quantum communication tasks. The ability to simultaneously encode two distinct messages using the generated SPES showcases the versatility and efficiency of the proposed cryptographic protocol. This capability could significantly improve the throughput of quantum communication systems.
Tetrahedron equation and Schur functions
Authors: Iwao Shinsuke , Motegi Kohei , Ohkawa Ryo
Published: November 2024

The tetrahedron equation introduced by Zamolodchikov is a three-dimensional generalization of the Yang–Baxter equation. Several types of solutions to the tetrahedron equation that have connections to quantum groups can be viewed as q-oscillator valued vertex models with matrix elements of the L-operators given by generators of the q-oscillator algebra acting on the Fock space. Using one of the q = 0-oscillator valued vertex models introduced by Bazhanov–Sergeev, we introduce a family of partition functions that admits an explicit algebraic presentation using Schur functions. Our construction is based on the three-dimensional realization of the Zamolodchikov–Faddeev algebra provided by Kuniba–Maruyama–Okado. Furthermore, we investigate an inhomogeneous generalization of the three-dimensional lattice model. We show that the inhomogeneous analog of (a certain subclass of) partition functions can be expressed as loop elementary symmetric functions.
A digital manufactured microfluidic platform for flexible construction of 3D co-culture tumor model with spatiotemporal resolution
Authors: Han Chao , Zhang Renchao , He Xiwen , Fang Yuan , Cen Gang , Wu Weidong , Huang Chen , Chen Xiang
Published: November 2024

The specific spatiotemporal distribution of diverse components in tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the cancer progression. In vitro three-dimensional (3D) tumor models with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based microfluidic platform have been applied as useful tool to conduct studies from cancer biology to drug screening. However, PDMS has not been welcomed as a standardized commercial application for preclinical screening due to inherent limitations in scale-up production and molecule absorption. Here, we present a novel microfluidic platform to flexibly construct 3D co-culture models with spatiotemporal resolution by using multiple digital manufacturing technologies. The platform, which consist of reduplicative microfluidic chips, is made of biocompatible poly methyl methacrylate by fast laser cutting. Each replica includes a simple microfluidic chamber without internal structures which can be flexibly post-fabricated according to various research requirements. Digital light processing based 3D bioprinting was used to pattern fine hydrogel structures for post-fabrication on-chip. By multi-step bioprinting and automatic image alignment, we show that this approach provides sufficient design flexibility to construct 3D co-culture tumor model with spatiotemporal resolution to replicate microarchitecture of tumor microtissue in situ. And the tumor model has the potential to mimic tumor biology behaviors which can be used for mechanism study and drug test. Our microengineered tumor model may serve as an enabling tool to recapitulate pathophysiological complexity of tumor, and to systematically examine the contribution of the tumor microenvironment to the cancer progression. The proposed strategy can also be applied to help engineer diverse meaningful in vitro models for extensive biomedical applications, from physiology and disease study to therapy evaluation.
Power output optimization in complex laser systems by means of polarization control
Authors: Jochcová Dominika , Slezák Ondřej , Richter Ivan , Smrž Martin , Mocek Tomáš
Published: November 2024

Recently, a polarimetric method for thermally-induced polarization change-driven power loss (TIPCL) mitigation in complex laser systems has been developed. However, the final optimization relies on a four-parameter numerical process. This article provides a fully analytical direct calculation alternative to this optimization process. The validity of this approach is demonstrated in previously published data from the pulsed laser system Bivoj/DiPOLE100. The new approach provides a deeper insight into the polarimetric method for TIPCL suppression and also brings a more precise, reliable, and faster alternative to the numerical process used earlier.
Analysis on hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of TA10 alloy smelted with the electron beam furnace
Authors: Huang Haiguang , Ma Guodong , Jiang Fan , Li Yongkun , Zhou Rongfeng , Li Lu , Yuan Zhentao , Wang Xiao
Published: November 2024

This article uses EB furnace to prepare TA10 alloy ingots with higher purity. Studying their hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution can provide theoretical support for practical processes.The hot deformation behavior of TA10 alloy smelted via an electron beam furnace has been studied using thermal deformation experiments, the experiments were conducted from 800 °C to 1,050 °C, from 0.01 s−1 to 1 s−1 and a reduction to 60%. According to Arrhenius and Zener-Hollomon models, the constitutive equation can be constructed. TEM and EBSD aimed at exploring the microstructures and microstructural evolution, respectively. When deformed at the temperatures below the phase transition point, grain boundaries converted to large-angle gradually. The textural strength reduced when the strain rate increased. Besides, the recrystallization rate was relatively small, mainly dynamic recovery, and there was a tendency to turn into dynamic recrystallization. At the temperature higher than the phase transition point, the textural strength increased, the recrystallization rate was small, and the dynamic recovery was partially enhanced.