bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT WOOD SPECIES IN MAJOR SAWMILLS IN ABEOKUTA OGUN STATE NIGERIA
Authors: ADEDOKUN M. O , OLAWUMI A. T , SOAGA J. A. , OLUWALANA S. A. , MOLOGMHE I M. R.
Published: July 2021

This study involved the economic analysis of different wood species in major sawmills in Abeokuta, Ogun State Nigeria. Two stage design sampling techniques were employed for this study. Descriptive statistics and Cost and Returns were used in the data analysis. Result showed that 62.5% engaged in the business were males, 81.7% were in age group between 31-50years, 48.3% had no formal education, and 88.3% entered into the business through apprenticeship and are mostly full-time. The result also revealed that 95.83% of the saw millers or plank sellers obtain their timber from the private forest and they mostly buy per species i.e. per tree. Moreover, among the timber species that were common in the saw mills include, Albizia coriaria (ayinre) has the highest percentage frequency of 66.7%, Anogeissus leiocarpus (orin dudu) has 44.2%, Cleistopholis sp. (okedo) 32.5% and Musanga cecropioides (aga) 1.7% with the least percentage frequency. Average girth sizes of timber species in sawmill, ranged from 3.00cm- 5.60cm and the average number of plank ranged from 6-29. The business could be seen as profitable, as the cost analysis revealed the average profit for each sawmill per month  in Abeokuta North, Odeda and Abeokuta South Local Governments’ Areas to have these profits (₦982,893.75, ₦790,083.524 and ₦790,083.524) respectively. It was recommended that government policy should be reviewed against illegal felling and over-exploitation of timber by imposing/enacting stiffer penalty or law to illegal feller. Government policy should also encourage individual plantation establishment to ensure continuity of forest products for posterity.
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL NETWORK UPGRADE DESIGN FOR OGUN-OSHUN RIVER BASIN
Authors: ERUOLA A. O.
Published: July 2021

Hydro-meteorological data useful for hydrological monitoring, agricultural production, research and planning in the tropics are grossly inefficient in terms of their practical values as a large number of the stations fall short of the international standard established. This study examined the effectiveness of the existing hydro-meteorological network in Ogun –Oshun river basin in terms of providing useful data for hydrologic processes and agricultural planning. This is with the overall aim of designing an upgrade for the network suitable for providing useful data for agricultural planning and hydrological processes. The design of hydrometeorological network upgrade in Ogun–Oshun river basin was carried following WMO standard for network design. The primary data and field information were obtained from the working files and existing stations of Ogun-Oshun River Basin Development Authority. Results obtained showed that, complete data were scarce and a lot of interpolations had to be done. Thus, important hydrometerological information relevant to agricultural planning and hydrological processes were missing. Also, that the existing spatial distribution of the networks has been found to be highly inadequate in most parts of the river basin. The reliability of hydrometeorological characteristics depends not only on the accuracy of observations, but also on the mathematical background for interpretation of the results. The need to optimize networks, means and methods of observations as well as the procedures and techniques of data processing is also discussed.
EFFECT OF THE BOTANICAL PELLETINGS AND STORAGE PERIODS ON THE GERMINATION OF AFRICAN STAR APPLE (CHRYSOPHYLLUM ALBIDUM G. DON) SEEDS
Authors: ADELANI D. O. , AMOS O. S. , MAIKANO S.
Published: July 2021

There is paucity of quantified information on the simple, safe and affordable methods of invigorating seeds and storage of recalcitrant seeds. In this light, investigation was conducted in the screen house of the Federal College of Forestry Mechanization, Afaka, Kaduna on the effect of the botanical pelletings and storage periods of C. albidum seeds. A seed pellet is a coating, usually of clay mixed with other inerts, which streamlines the size, shape, and uniformity of a small, non-round seed. A split-plot experimental design with four (4) replications was laid down to assess the effect of botanical pelletings with the leaves of six agro-forestry tree species (Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Albizia lebbeck, Acacia auriculiformis, Parkia biglobosa and Dacryodus edulis) and storage periods (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks) on the germination of C. albidum seeds stored in the refrigerator.  The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA)using SAS (2003)software. The percentage germination of seeds pelletized with G. sepium, L leucocephala, A. lebbeck, A. auriculiformis, P. biglobosa and D. edulis ranged between 18.50%-42.00%, 8.3%-13.60%, 5.2%-18.80%, 3.6% -16.30%, 5.0%-14.30%, and 2.5%-11.10%, for 2-8 weeks respectively. The percentage germination of seeds stored for 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks ranged between 8.50%-21%, 4.70%-24.58%, 9.42%-22.75%, 8.67%-19.58% and 3.33%-8.83% respectively. The percentage germination of seeds pelletized with the leaves of G. sepium, L. leucocephala, A. lebbeck, A. auriculiformis, P. biglobosa and D. edulis and stored for storage periods ranged between 1-65%, 0-30%, 0-30.5%, 1-25%, 0-20% and 0-30%. Botanical pelletings and storage periods significantly (P<0.05) enhanced the germination of C. albidum seeds. Highest germination percentage of 65% was recorded for seeds pelletized with G. sepium leaves and stored for 3 weeks. The research therefore recommends seed pelleting with G. sepium leaves and storage for 3 weeks for mass production of C. albidum seedlings for agro-forestry systems.
HABITAT USE STRATEGY OF VERTEBRATES IN AN EMERGING NATURE RESERVE
Authors: SHOTUYO A. L.A. , JAYEOLA O. A. , AYODELE I. A.
Published: July 2021

The habitat use strategy of vertebrates in Alabata Strict Nature Reserve was studied. Twenty (20) sample plots of 25m x 25m (0.062ha) were laid at random over the total area of the study site for data collection. King Census and Line Transect methods were modified for this study using direct and indirect modes of wildlife stock assessment for an accurate collection of data due to the dense nature of the vegetation in some areas. One hundred and twenty-one vertebrate species, belonging to fifty-six families were recorded. Twenty-seven families were represented by just a single species each, while thirteen families had two species each. The family Colubridae was represented by ten species, while Rattudae and  Sciuridae had a single species respectively. Birds were the most encountered (more than 60%) followed by mammals (more than 20%) while the Order Reptalia constitutes the remaining (less than 20%). Food and cover requirements abound in the study area, which explains the availability of a variety of fauna species. There is a strong association between the environmental variables and animal species thus; distribution, performance and survival of the species are directly influenced by these variables. The Principal component analysis and Ordination shows that the ecosystem of the study site is not stable yet. This can be observed from the clustering of the animal species together in an attempt to make the best use of the environment. The maintenance of a healthy ecosystem is largely dependent on its management and control of activities of man and animals.
EFFECTS OF AESTIVATION DURATION ON REPRODUCTIVE TRACT DIMENSION AND SPERMATOZOA PRODUCTION OF GIANT AFRICAN LAND SNAIL (Archachatinamarginata) DURING DRY SEASON
Authors: ABIONA J. A. , ESHORUN A. C. , MSHELBWALA F. M.
Published: July 2021

Aestivation is a process of metabolic suspension which plays a key role in the survival of land snails during a period of drought. Human shave also used this process to transport the animal for commercial purpose. To examine the effect of this physiological process on reproductive apparatus, thirty (30) Giant African Land snail (Archachatinamarginata) with average weight of 130 -150g were used for this study. The snails were allotted to three different treatments with ten (10) replicate each after four weeks of acclimatization period which include: zero (0) week, three (3) weeks and six (6) weeks of aestivation. Parameters measured were: Internal organ weight, ovo-testis weight, reproductive tract length (cm) and weight (g). Also gonado-somatic index and spermatozoa concentration were also determined. Results showed that aestivation duration had significant influence on organ weight, ovo-testis weight, reproductive tract length and weight and spermatozoa concentration. However, gonado-somatic index (GSI) was not significantly influenced. It was observed that organ weight decreased as aestivation duration increased. For ovo-testis, snails with aestivation duration of six weeks had smaller weight compared to the control (0 week) while those at three weeks aestivation duration were not significantly different from the control group and those of six weeks aestivation duration. For reproductive tract weight, there was a significant(P<0.01)decrease in weight of the tract for both snails under three and six weeks aestivation duration compared to the control group (0 week). Spermatozoa count also decreased as aestivation duration increased. It can therefore be concluded that aestivation duration had significant effect on organ weight, ovo-testis weight, reproductive tract weight and spermatozoa concentration. For quick target of reproduction and snail economic value, it is recommended that aestivation duration should not be allowed to reach three weeks and above for whatever reason.
CHALLENGES AND CONSEQUENCES OF WATER SCARCITY: NEED FOR PUBLIC- PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN KAZAURE TOWN, JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: ALI A. I. , RIILWANU T. Y.
Published: July 2021

This study examined the level of water scarcity across Kazaure town, Jigawa State and the strategies employed by public and private agencies to increase their resilience toward access to affordable and safe clean water supply. Water scarcity is one of the major challenges affecting the livelihood of people in Kazaure town.  The aim of the study was to examine water scarcity at micro level, in Kazaure town. A total of 1520 samples were selected which constituted 0.4% of the total population. The respondents were selected using availability sampling at water collection points of which only 1500 questionnaires were successfully returned and 20 were not. The data was analysed using simple descriptive statistics and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) single factor. Results revealed that 20% of the sampled population has resorted to land leasing near water sources for their farming activities, 53% has stopped dry season farming in the area of fishing, 45% of the sample respondents have stopped fishing while 56.5% indicated that they have resorted to providing their water needs by themselves. The study revealed that there are only 60 hand pump boreholes in the whole of Kazaure. The ANOVA test also indicated that there were no significant differences in terms of water sources between the settlements at 0.05 level (P 0.067) and there were significant differences in terms of water facility types between the settlements at 0.05 level of significance (P 0.046). It was established from the study that water scarcity has negatively affected livelihood activities in the study area. The paper recommends that private sectors should be encouraged to pool resources together to provide and improve water supply projects and state and local government should provide more mechanical powered bore holes in the areas for effective water supply.
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON RED BELLY TILAPIA COPTODON ZILLII CAUGHT FROM OYAN DAM, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: IDOWU A. A. , ABDUL W. O. , ABDUL W. O. , ALIMI A. A. , TIJANI M. O.
Published: July 2021

The study was carried out on the biological aspect of Redbelly Tilapia, Coptodon zillii collected from Oyan Lake, Abeokuta North Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria, with the aim of contributing to the baseline data for carrying out further studies on its ecology, conservation and development. A total of two hundred and fifty four fish (254) specimens were caught from the Ibaro landing site of the Lake between March and July, 2015. The total length (cm), standard length (cm), head length (cm), body width (cm), body depth (cm), snout length (cm), eye diameter (cm) and body weight (g) were measured. The stomach content was also assessed in order to determine its food and feeding habit. The mean total-length, standard-length, head-length, eye-diameter, snout-length, body-depth, body-width and body-weight during the study were 10.98±0.61cm, 8.56±0.14cm, 2.5±0.08cm, 3.67±0.15cm, 1.52±0.11cm,1.37±0.17cm, 4.05±0.07cm, 34.25±3.02g respectively and their ranges were (4.5-18.7cm), (3.2-15.2cm), (1.1-5.8cm), (2.0-6.8cm), (0.8-3.0cm), (1.1-4.8cm), (1.4-7.3cm) and (6.0-132.0g). A negative allometric (b<3) growth pattern was observed for the stock. The meristic characteristics of C. zillii were (DFR) XIV 10 – XVI 14; PVR, AFR III 8 –III 9; PFR 10 – 13 respectively. Stomach analysis showed that diatoms were the most abundant food items in the diet of C. zillii numerically, 29.98%, while desmids were the most abundant food items in terms of frequency occurrence, 27.82%. This study concluded that C. zillii is not morphometrically and meristically different from the already classified from previous studies. Also, C. zillii thrives well on available plants and detritus.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN URBAN PARKS AND GARDENS SOILS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: ADEDEJI O. H. , OLAYINKA O. O. , TOPE-AJAYI O. O. , AWOSIKA D. A.
Published: July 2021

Distribution and health risk assessment of heavy metals in urban parks and gardens Gani Fawehinmi Park, Ojota, (GFP), Oshodi Heritage Park Oshodi (OHP), Ikorodu/Ipado Garden (IIG), MKO Abiola Gardens, Ojota (MKO), and MOE Garden, Alausa (MOE) soils in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria were examined using Index of Geo-accumulation (Igeo), Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI) and health risk model. Urban parks and gardens soils were substantially polluted by Cu and Pb due closeness to highways where heavy metals emitted from motor vehicles are deposited.  Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) values for Pb were 10.616, 10.060, 9.027, 8.862 and 8.665 for GFP, OHP, IIG, MKO and MOE respectively. RI values for all the sites showed high pollution as they were all above 200. Health risk assessment revealed that children who visit the urban parks and garden in Lagos State are more exposed to cancer risk from Pb especially through ingestion. Results from this study provided valuable information on the pollution levels of urban parks in Lagos, Nigeria as a result of traffic related emissions and calls for proper monitoring of anthropogenic activities in the metropolis and reduce the human health impacts. The planting of hedge plants and erection of low walls could serve as shield against traffic pollution for the roadside parks
PROFIT EFFICIENCY OF SMALLHOLDER COCOYAM-BASED FARMERS AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: AFOLAMI C. A. , OGUNGBENRO I. B.
Published: July 2021

Cocoyam belongs to the indispensable food category that supplies calorie in the diet of the Nigerian populace. However, researches on its nutrition and economic values are scarce leading to low production and under consumption among the populace. Against the backdrop of the great potential of the Nigerian agriculture in cocoyam production, and the need for land use efficiency, sustainable development, poverty alleviation, attainment of food –security/ self-sufficiency and adequate resource allocation to the production of the crop, this study examined farm level profit efficiency and  its determinants for   smallholder cocoyam-based farmers in Osun State, South-west Nigeria, using Cobb-Douglas stochastic profit function. Multistage and random sampling techniques were used to select 180 small-holder cocoyam farmers during the 2014 growing season and data were collected from them on their socio-economic and production characteristics. Maximum likelihood estimates of the specified models revealed an average profit efficiency of 44.88 percent which indicated that the profit of the farmers can be increased by 55 percent with the same production cost. The study also found that the  level of education of the farmers, access to credit, farming experience, household size, access to extension services, and marital status are factors  affecting farm-level profit efficiency in the use of resources.  Farm-level policies aimed at promoting the farmers education, access to credit, access to extension services and marital status are recommended for improved profit efficiency.
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, FEED INTAKE AND EFFICIENCY OF INDIGENOUS AND CROSSBRED TURKEYS
Authors: ILORI B. M. , OGUNTADE D. O. , AKANO K. , DUROSARO S. O. , OZOJE M. O.
Published: July 2021

This study assessed the reproductive performance of indigenous and crossbred parent stocks and the influence of sire genotype on the growth and efficiency of feed utilization by their progenies. A total of 300 poults, 150 for each genotype were generated from two crosses (Nicholas white x Indigenous and Indigenous x Indigenous turkeys). Data were collected on the reproductive performance of the parents while body weight and feed intake from day old to the 20th week of age were also collected from the progenies generated. The experiment was a complete randomized design with data generated subjected to two way analysis of variance using SAS. The result of the study showed that sire genotype had significant effect (p<0.05) on semen colour and semen volume while semen pH, motility, morphology and live dead ratio were not significantly affected. Crossbred tom had higher semen volume (0.39 ml) compared to 0.18 ml recorded in indigenous turkey. Genotype had no significant effect (p>0.05) on all female reproductive traits such as fertility, hatchability, dead in-germ, weak in-shell and dead in-shell. However, the indigenous turkey had higher fertility percentage (85%) while 80% hatchability was observed in crossbred turkey. Crossbred turkey significantly (p<0.05) had higher body weight (3330g) at 20 week of age compared to the indigenous turkey (2869g). Sexual dimorphism in favour of the male turkey was also observed throughout the period of the experiment. Although the crossbred turkey consumed more feed, the efficiency of feed utilization was better in the indigenous turkey. This findings suggested that the indigenous turkeys can be successfully improved with the introgression of exotic genetic material while crossbred turkeys can be further selected for improved productive and adaptive traits.
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYEE’S JOB SATISFACTION IN OGUN-OSHUN RIVER BASIN(OORBDA), OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: ABIONA B. G. , ORAGWU O. A.
Published: July 2021

This study determined the effect organizational commitment on employee's job satisfaction in Ogun-Oshun River Basin, Ogun State, Nigeria. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire on one hundred and ten (110) respondents using simple random sampling techniques. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools such as Chi-square and Person Product Moment Correlation. Results revealed the mean age of respondents in the study area was 42 years and majority (63.6%) were males. Also, Majority (92.7%) of the respondents perceived that organizational commitment is high in the study area. Reasons adduced for this was punctuality at work (=4.40) and co-operation with colleagues to facilitate completion of tasks within the organization (=4.39). More so, major satisfaction indicators were advancement for promotion ( = 4.20) and right to enjoy leave (=4.01). The results also show that significant relationship existed between income(r= 0.035, p< 0.05), sex (χ2= 55.12, p < 0.05), marital status (χ2= 241.40, p<0.05), organizational commitment (r= 0.417, P < 0.05), constraints faced (r=0.528, p< 0.05) by respondents and their job satisfaction. The study concluded that employees enjoy cooperation from the organisation and factors that will enhance employee’s commitment in attainment of organisational sustainability is highly recommended.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS UNDER SAWAH SYSTEM OF INLAND VALLEYS IN NIGERIA
Authors: ALARIMA C. I. , BUSARI M. A. , AWOTUNDE J. M. , OLANIYI O. O. , MASUNAGA T. , WAKATSUKI T.
Published: July 2021

This study investigated the physico-chemical and geochemical properties of soils under sawah in Nigeria. It was found that soils under sawah were majorly sandy loam to sandy clay loam having acidic reactions, low exchangeable Ca, Mg, K and Na. These soils were deficient in available P, SiO2, S, Total Nitrogen and Total Carbon while SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 dominated total elemental composition, accounting for a cumulative average of 96.16%. Except total elemental TiO2 and K2O which showed average values >1%, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O and P2O5 showed average values <1%. Soils under sawah exhibited intermediated to extreme weathering degree with majority of the soil sampled falling into the category of extreme weathering. With extreme degree of weathering, rapid loss of mobile species such as basic cations from soil is imminent which may account for the results observed in this study. Thus, combination of conservative agricultural practices is recommended.
PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF OFADA RICE PRODUCTION IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: OYEDEPO E. O. , ADEKANMBI A. A.
Published: July 2021

The paper undertook an economic analysis of Ofada rice production in five prominent rice growing areas of Ogun State.  A two stage purposive sampling technique was employed to select a total of 120 rice farmers from five local government areas which are major areas known for Ofada rice production in the state. Primary data were collected for the study through structured questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) among rice farmers groups in the study area. Analytical tools adopted for the study included frequency, percentages, gross margin analysis and profitability ratios. Results of the analysis showed that majority of Ofada rice producers in the study area are male (73.33%). In terms of age, more than half of the respondents fell within the age range of 41 -50 years (63.33%) these farmers were young and within their active productive lives. Results of the distribution of respondents by annual income in the study area revealed that majority of the respondents (60.83%) obtained an income of between ₦201,000 and ₦400,000.00 per hectare.  However, 22.50% of the respondents obtained an income of less than ₦200,000.00 per hectare. The gross ratio, operating ratio, return per naira invested and profitability index were calculated to be 0.95, 0.80, 1.90 and 1.80 respectively. The gross margin of rice production per hectare was also estimated to be ₦222,020.00. All these indicate overall profitability of the enterprise. However, an average low yield of 2.5 tonnes per hectare was recorded due to constraints encountered during production. Some of the identified constraints in the study area are lack of capital (25.83%), lack of tractor for land clearing (10.83%), lack of good farm roads (16.67%), and inadequate processing and storage facilities (11.67%). It is then recommended that access to adequate capital, mechanical equipment and other incentives through farmers’ cooperatives and government aid for construction of farm roads could help increase rice production in the area and this will in turn help Nigeria to achieve a much desired self-sufficiency in rice production.
EVALUATION OF TWO ANIMAL PROTEIN SOURCES IN SINGLE PHASE FEEDING OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: OKAH U. , OKEKE G. C. , UKANWOKO A. I. , ADEWOLE T. B.
Published: July 2021

A study was carried out to compare the use of blood meal and fish meal as protein sources in single phase feeding of broiler chickens.  Three isonitrogenious and isocaloric diets containing between 20.5 to 21.1 % CP and 3440 to 3454 kcal/kg ME were formulated. The control diet contained none of the animal protein sources while the other two diets contained blood meal and fish meal at 6%, respectively. After six weeks of straight feeding, data were collected on feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio was calculated. Carcass characteristics and cost benefit were also calculated. The results indicated that birds fed fish meal based diet  consumed more feed (p< 0.05) than those on control diet,  while intake of those on blood meal based diet  was an interphase between the control and fish meal based diet groups. The birds fed fish meal based diet also recorded higher (p< 0.05) daily weight gain than those on control and blood meal based diets. Feed conversion ratio was better in the group fed fish meal based diet than those fed the control diet, but similar (p> 0.05) to the group fed the blood meal based diet. The dressing percentage of the birds was similar (p>0.05) in the control and blood meal based diet groups, but they were higher (p<0.05) than the fish meal based diet group. The neck, back, drumstick and head were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the control group than in the groups containing animal protein. Cost benefit analysis showed that feed cost and cost per kg weight gain were higher (p< 0.05) in fish meal based diet group than in control and blood meal based diet groups. Revenue per bird and gross margin were higher (p< 0.05) in the blood meal based diet group than in the control diet and fish meal based diet groups. In conclusion, fast growing broiler chickens for eatery houses can be better reared with a single diet of 21 % CP and 3440 kcal/kg ME using blood meal as a protein source.

 

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GROWTH AND YIELD OF OKRA VARIETIES AS AFFECTED BY RATES OF ORGANO-BASED FOLIAR FERTILIZERS IN RAINFOREST AND RAINFOREST/SAVANNA TRANSITION AGRO-ECOLOGY OF NIGERIA
Authors: AKINTOKUN P. O. , AMUOFU D. U. , ATAYESE M. O. , ADEJUYIGBE C. O.
Published: July 2021

A field experiments were conducted at the Directorate of University Farms, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB) and National Horticulture Research Institute (NIHORT), Ibadan between May and August 2015 to assess the effect of different f organo-based fertilizer (fertilizer applied on the leaves) and their rate on growth and yield of two Okra Varieties: LD88 (Late Maturity), and NHAe–47 (Early Maturity). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The experiment was a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial combinations laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design in a split-split-plot arrangement, with three replicates at both locations. Factors were okra varieties (LD88 and NHAe–47), the fertilizer types (D.I grow green ® and D.I grow red®) and four rate of foliar applications (0, 300, 600 and 900 ml/ha) while NPK 15:15:15 served as check were applied at 4,6, and 8 Weeks After Sowing (WAS). Agronomic data were obtained from growth and yield variables. Results showed that varieties had significant (P≤ 0.05) effect on growth and yield variables. Variety of LD88 had higher plant height and more leaves than NHAe-47 at both locations. Foliar fertilizer had significant (P≤ 0.05) effect on growth and yield variables. The D.I Grow Green® produced significantly numbers of leaves (11, 9). Application rate of 300 ml/ha and 600 ml/ha D.I.Grow Green® gave a better performance. The LD88 variety produced significantly (P< 0.05) longer pod length (4.68 cm), fresh fruit weight (4.84 t/ha) and dry fruit weight (0.31 t/ha) than NHAe-47. Application rate of 600 mls/ha D.I.Grow Red® produced significantly fresh fruit weight (5.79 t/ha) compared to control (1.32 t/ha). In conclusion, okra variety LD88 had superior growth and yield performance. Application of D.I.Grow Red® at the rate of 300 ml/ha  at Funaab and 600ml/ha at Nihort enhance fruit yield performance on okra. Therefore, 300ml/ha and 600ml/ha could be recommended to farmers in Rainforest/Savanna transition (Abeokuta) and Rainforest agro-ecology (Ibadan), respectively

 

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EFFECTS OF RICE HUSK BIOCHAR ON THE GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS, RHIZOSPHERIC MICROFLORA AND YIELD OF TOMATO PLANTS
Authors: ADEBAJO S. O. , AKINTOKUN P. O. , OJO A. E. , AJAMU I. A.
Published: July 2021

Human activities have degenerated nearly 40% of the universe soil through excessive chemical inputs, tilling and industrial activities. Biochar can increase soil fecundity, agricultural producti- vity and protects soil-borne diseases. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of rice husk biochar on the growth and yield of tomato plants. Biochar was produced through feedstock (rice-husk) pyrolysis and used as soil amendments at different concentrations (20 t/ha and 40 t/ha) and an unamend soil served as control. Physicochemical properties of the soil, rice husk, biochar and biochar soil before and after planting were determined using standard methods. Rhizospheric microflora of the plants were isolated and identified based on morphological and biochemical characterizations. Agronomic parameters such as plant height, stem girth, leaf area, number of leaves, flowers, fruits and weight of fruits were determined. Results revealed that rice husk biochar (40 t/ha) had the highest physical and chemical parameters while the unamend soil had the lowest constituents. Predominant bacterium and fungus are Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger. Agronomic parameters: plant heights, stem girths, leaf areas, number of leaves, flowers, fruits and weight of fruits were higher in all the amended soil than the control at the various growth stages. The unamend soil yielded no fruit at 10th week while the amended soil yielded an average fruit weight of 34.95g ± 8.76 and 21.53g ± 5.16 at 20 t/ha and 40 t/ha respectively. This study revealed that biochar produced from rice husk could be used to improve growth and yield of tomato plants.
DETERMINATION OF PERMEABILITY OF SOILS FROM FUNAAB AGRICULTURAL LAND USE, USING IMPROVISED CONSTANT HEADPERMEAMETER
Authors: ERUOLA A. , ATILOLA F. , MAKINDE A. , AYOOLA K. , NWAMINI L.
Published: July 2021

The knowledge of material property of the pore space through which water flow in soil for the optimization of water supplies for agricultural and engineering projects is fast becoming challenging due to intricate geometries of the media porous structures. The study determines the permeability coefficients of soils at six different Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, (FUNAAB) land-use (Hostel-Site, Cashew Plantation, FADAMA Farm, COLPLANT Farm, Forest nursery unit, FUNAAB health center) in order to estimate the flow rate through the soil using an improvised constant head permeameter. The soils were initially analyzed for their physical properties before determining the flow rate and permeability coefficients.  The reliability of result of permeameter was compared with standards for validity. The result shows that the soils were slightly acidic with pH average of 6.8, organic carbon ranging from 0.78% to 4.49% with the highest at the Fadama site. The total nitrogen ranged between 0.1% and 8.0% and the available phosphorus ranged between 1.20 to 3.95 mg kg-1 with the highest value experienced at cashew plantation. The improvised permeameter gave a reliable result with high positive correlation in volume rate of flow in soil and time of flow. The permeability coefficient of the soil samples (K) were in the range of 2.7 x 10-5to 4.2 x 10-5with the soil type ranging from sandy-loam to loamy sand similar to the result obtained during physical analysis. The soils were of relative permeability of semi-pervious, a characteristic of poor soil transmissivity.
MEAT QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF IMPROVED INDIGENOUS CHICKENS (FUNAAB-ALPHA) FED TURMERIC (Curcuma longa) OR CLOVE (Syzygium aromaticum) AS FEED ADDITIVES
Authors: SANWO K. A. , ADEGOKE A. V. , AKINOLA O. S. , NJOKU C. P. , OKOLO S. O. , OLADIPO N. A. , OLADEJO A. S.
Published: July 2021

The experiment was conducted to investigate meat quality of improved indigenous chickens (FUNAAB alpha) fed diet containing turmeric (Curcuma longa) and clove (Syzigium aromaticum) powders. One hundred and thirty-five (135) mixed sexed day-old improved indigenous FUNAAB alpha chicks were brooded collectively for two weeks, and assigned into three (3) treatment groups. Each treatment was replicated three times, consisting of fifteen (15) birds. Feed and water were provided ad-libitum through the duration of experiment. The control group was fed the basal diet at starter and  finisher phases (T1), while the other groups were fed clove (Syzygium aromaticum) powder at 3 g/kg (T2) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) (T3) powder at 4 g/kg respectively as additives.   Data obtained were subjected to a One – Way Analysis of Variance in a Completely Randomised Design. Muscle obtained after evisceration was subjected to quality analysis. Proximate composition of meat obtained from chickens fed the basal diet had the highest (p<0.05) moisture content value of 75.45% compared to other treatments. Water absorptive capacity and cook loss of meat obtained from chickens fed 4 g/kg dietary turmeric showed (p<0.05) values of 3% and 16.4% respectively. Meat sensory properties analysed revealed (p<0.05) score in groups fed 3g/kg and 4 g/kg clove and turmeric powders respectively, for tenderness (6.14) and overall acceptability (7.19). Meanwhile (p<0.05) lipoprotein profile was observed in group fed 4 g/kg turmeric powder. Inclusion, turmeric and clove had beneficial effects on FUNAAB Alpha.
POTENTIALS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LANDSAT IMAGERY IN RELATION TO LAND USE /COVER IN OKITIPUPA METROPOLIS, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: TOBORE A. O. , OYERINDE G. , SENJOBI B. A. , OGUNDIYI T. O.
Published: July 2021

Landsat satellite imagery plays a crucial role in providing information on land use/cover modifications on local, regional, and global scales, especially where aerial photographs are missing. Monitoring land-use changes from past to present tends to be time-consuming especially when dealing with ground-truth information. Determining the past and current land-use change on Earth's surface using Landsat imagery tends to be effective and efficient when high-resolution imagery is unavailable. This study employed the use of Landsat satellite imagery to assess the past and present land use/cover using supervised classification and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The result of the supervised classification land use/cover showed that forest cover and woodland undergo rapid loss, while farmland, wetland, built-up, and waterbodies tend to experience gradual loss. The NDVI demonstrated that farmland and forest cover was the most affected land use/cover. Hence, land use/cover of the study area is affected by human activities, such as intensive farming, population size, and deforestation.
PARTUM AND POST-PARTUM BEHAVIOURS OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF DOES AND KIDS
Authors: IYASERE O. S. , JAMES I. J. , ADESUPO A. B. , NWOSU I. C. , DARAMOLA J. O.
Published: July 2021

Seventeen West African Dwarf does housed intensively were used for this study. Does were naturally mated and pregnancy was confirmed by non-return to oestrus. The predicted parturition date was calculated. Two days to the predicted date of parturition, the does were closely monitored until the day they actually kidded. The behaviours of the does (duration of parturition, and latency to groom kids) and the kids (latency to stand) were recorded. Data were subjected to independent T-test of SPSS statistical package. The mean duration of parturition in WAD does was 9.5±2.65 min and the latency of kids to stand was 10.5±3.45mins. Duration of parturition was greater (P<0.05) in the 1st than 2nd parity does. A significant negative correlation was established between parity and duration of parturition (r =-0.635, P˂0.05). Kids from 1st parity does stood up earlier (P<0.05) compared to those from the 2nd parity does. A positive correlation was established between parity and the latency of the kids to stand (r = 0.598, P˂0.05). In conclusion, the duration of parturition and latency of kid to stand were not affected by the sex of the kid delivered, however WAD does groomed female kids earlier than the male kids.
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR CULTIVATION OF BLOOD COCKLE (ANADARA GRANOSA) TO INCREASE COASTAL COMMUNITY INCOME IN RIAU PROVINCE
Authors: Yulinda Eni , Hendri Ridar , Hendri Zulkarnain
Published: July 2021

A survey research on the blood cocle (Anadara granosa) business was conducted in Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia in June-July 2020. The research objective was to formulate a strategy to develop the blood cockle business, in order to increase the income of fishermen’s families. Interviews were conducted with 10 respondents of blood cocle cultivators, local government, fisheries office, traders and blood cockle exporters. Data were analyzed using the SWOT analysis method (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Thereats). The results showed that the land used for the cultivation of blood cockle in Rokan Hilir was only 10% of the 12,434 hectare. The number of blood cockle cultivators in this area is only 250 people, the export volume of blood cockle is 450 tons per month (IDR 5.5 billion). The future strategy for developing a blood cockle business is: (1) increasing the productivity of blood cocle by increasing business capital, expanding cultivation land, and receiving government assistance; (2) improve the quality of blood cockles, both in terms of size and freshness when marketed; and (3) self-seeding blood cockle.
MOISTURE AND ECONOMICS STUDY BY THE EFFECT OF MULCHING AND METHODS OF IRRIGATION ON OKRA (HIBISCUS ESCULENTUS L. MOENCH)
Authors: Dagore Pratibha , Parte Vinita , Markam Urvashi , Kujur Anjana
Published: July 2021

Okra (Hibiscus esculentus L. Moench) or Lady’s finger is one of the important vegetables grown throughout the tropics and subtropics. It is one of the most important vegetable grown commercially almost during the year in India. Irrigation scheduling is considered as a vital component of water management to produce higher irrigation efficiency under any irrigation system, as excessive or sub-optimum irrigation both have detrimental effects on productivity parameters of okra (Aiyelaagbe and Ogbonnaya, 1996). Mulching is effective in reducing evaporation, conserving soil moisture and has been known to modify the hydrothermal regime of soil. The result of method of irrigation is found to be non significant due to continuous rainfall. Hence, there are no differences among the methods of irrigation. Mulching with plastic sheet in okra var. VRO-6 proved the best mulch practice which produced superior growth and yield attributing characters
IMPACT OF TYROSINE AND GLUTAMINE ACIDS ON YIELD AND SOME CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA PLANTS UNDER DIFFERENT SOWING DATES
Authors: K. M. Ali Hekmat , E. Awad Abdelrahman , A. I. Abdelkader Mohammed
Published: July 2021

Two field experiments were carried out at experimental farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Egypt, during the two summer consecutive seasons of 2018 and 2019. To study the impact of sowing dates and some amino acids on the roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) yield in terms of number of fruits per plant, dry sepal’s yield per plant and per feddan as well as its chemical constituents in terms of total chlorophyll (SPAD) and anthocyanin (mg/100g as dry weight) contents. A split-plot experiment was carried out in the field based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plot was four sowing dates (15th April, 1st May, 15th May and 1st June) and the sub-plot was five amino acids treatments (tap water as control, tyrosine and glutamine acids each at 100 or 200 ppm concentrations). The results showed that the early in sowing from June1 to April 15 increased fruit number per plant, dry sepals yield per plant (g) and per feddan (kg) as well as total chlorophyll content and anthocyanin content. Also, all the values of the studied parameters were significantly increased when the roselle plants sprayed with glutamine acid at 200 ppm compared to control. In final, planting roselle seeds in 15th April and sprayed with 200 ppm glutamine four times per season manifests to enhance yield and is adequate for fulfilling the highest anthocyanin contents in sepals of roselle under Sharkia Governorate conditions.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF LECTIN ISOLATED FROM LEAVES OF BRYOPHYLLUM PINNATUM
Authors: Devi Sruchi , Suren Garg Sourbh , Kumar Arvind , Kaushal Nitish
Published: July 2021

The Bryophyllum pinnatum refers to the family Crassulaceae. The glycoprotein from the 0.9% of normal saline extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves was refined by dialysis with 50% of ammonium sulfate. Protein concentration was invented by Lowry’s method. The dialyzed sample allowed for SDS-PAGE to determine the molecular weight (Mr ). The antioxidant activity of crude lectin extract has been assessed by the DPPH (1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS methods. The present study aims to verify the antioxidant activity of lectins detached from the leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum.
EVALUATION OF THE USE OF DIFFERENT SOLVENTS FOR PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIOXIDANTS ACTIVITY OF THE LEAVES OF MURRAYA KOENIGII (LINN.) SPRENG. (RUTACEAE)
Authors: Idris Ali Aisha , Paul Virginia , Chattree Amit , Prasad Ranu , Paul Ajit , Amiteye Daniel
Published: July 2021

Murraya koenigii (Rutaceae) is a promising source of bioactive compounds since the leaves of this plant has been traditionally used extensively in the Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine for the treatment of a wide range of diseases and disorders. Although the pharmacological effect of the plant’s bioactive compounds has been extensively studied, however, study on the effect of using different extraction solvents to extract these bioactive componentsis scarce. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of different solvents on extraction yields, phytochemical constituents and antioxidants activity of dehydrated Murrayakoenigi leaves. The results showed that the used solvents play an important role in the yield of extraction and the content of chemical components. Methanol was identified as the most effective solvent for the extraction, resulting in the highest extraction yield (5.70%) as well as the highest content of phenolic (27.2 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoid (15.55 mg QE/g DW). The extract obtained from methanol exhibited highest antioxidant scavenging activity (93%), (using 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay), and the antioxidant activity of Murraya koenigi leaves extract was found to be higher than ascorbic acid. Therefore, methanol is recommended as the optimal solvent to obtain high content of phytochemical constituents as well as high antioxidants constituents from Murraya koenigi leaves for utilization in pharmacognosy. To best of our knowledge this is the first report that directly compares these 4 extraction solvents for the extraction of bioactive components from Murraya koenigi leaves.
BIOBRICKETS MADE FROM CASSAVA SKIN WASTE UTILIZING BANANA PLASTIC WASTE GLUE AND WATER HYACINTH
Authors: Firdaus Aneka , Octavianus Beni
Published: July 2021

Cassava peel waste in large quantities can harm the environment. Cassava peel waste can be used as a renewable energy feedstock since it is environmentally friendly biomass converted into bio briquettes for use as an alternative fuel. The advantage of cassava peel can positively impact the environment while also adding value to the cassava peel. Cassava bio briquettes produced with water hyacinth and banana leaf stem were compared in this study. Temperatures of 300°C, 350°C, 400°C, 450°C, and 500°C are used to discover the best conditions for briquettes, with a carbonization time of 45 minutes. Bio briquettes can be made from water hyacinth and banana leaf stalks, according to the analysis. The best results were achieved at 400°C carbonization temperature, with a calorific value of 5461 Cal/g for water hyacinth adhesives and 5265 Cal/g for banana leaf stalk adhesives.
EQUIPMENT DESIGN AND TESTING TRANSFER VOLTAGE REFERRING TO IEC 156 STANDARD USING VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) WITH OIL TEMPERATURE CONDITIONING
Authors: Ansyori Ansyori , Yani Irsyadi , Rahman Eric
Published: July 2021

Isolation is a separator between conductors in electrical equipment that prevents flashover, resulting in a short circuit or electrical failure. Isolation is critical in electrical appliances, exceptionally High Voltage Power Equipment (HVPE), to ensure the safety of circuit breakers, capacitors, and transformers. In addition to being an isolator, the insulating liquid material also serves to cool the heat generated by electrical appliances. Isolator with mineral oil-based transformer has various environmental issues, including non-biodegradability, non-renewability, and rarity. Because it is environmentally safe and extensively used, virgin coconut oil (VCO) is an alternative transformer oil insulation. This study aims to determine the properties of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) breakdown voltage using the IEC 156 standard and oil temperature conditioning. According to the test results, the oil breakdown voltage before heating (at room temperature) is 14 kV, which is much below the IEC 156 standard, and the breakdown voltage after heating at 90 ° is 35 kV, and 110 ° is 40 kV, which is even higher than the IEC 156 requirement
PATH TRACKING FOR AN AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE DURING EMERGENCY CONDITION
Authors: Zulkarnain Zulkarnain , Thamrin Ismail , Burlian Firmansyah , Novianty Indah
Published: July 2021

An autonomous vehicle's primary function is detecting and tracking the road course precisely and correctly without a driver's assistance. As a result, implementing appropriate controllers is critical for improving the vehicle's stability and movement responsiveness. The performance of adaptive Stanley controlled is evaluated in this paper using numerical simulations. The Stanley controller's most common geometric controller for vehicle path tracking algorithms is compared based on their trajectory tracking analyses on various vehicle speed maneuvers. Stanley calculates steering based on the difference between the vehicle's lateral position and heading angle. The difference between desired coordinates and present coordinates of the vehicle along the path is used to calculate lateral, longitudinal, and vehicle heading orientation angle using the future prediction control technique. The results demonstrate that the Stanley controller outperforms the emergency trajectory with more consistent trajectory tracking and steady-state error.
CHASSIS FRAME DESIGN AND ANALYSIS BASED ON FORMULA SAE JAPAN
Authors: Yani Irsyadi , Arifin Amir , Jambak Ahmad Irham , Gunawan Gunawan , Adanta Dendy , Barlin Barlin
Published: July 2021

Formula Society of Automotive Engineers (FSAE) is a competition where the students design, build, and race the formula-style car. In this competition, the regulation stringent for the safety of participants. Chassis is one of the regulated parts among the other parts. This paper examines design process followed by chassis analysis by using Solidworks 2018 and Abaqus/CAE 6.14 software. The analysis process is carried out with Static Vertical Test, Torsional Stiffness Test, and Crash Impact Test using a safety standard in the form of a safety factor that must be more than 1 (SF> 1) to ensure the safety of the driver. The aim is to obtain an optimum final design based on FSAE Japan regulation as a reference for the Universitas Sriwijaya electric car team, namely Sriwijaya Eco in making the framework for the upcoming electric formula car.