bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chromosome anchoring in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) reveals sex-associated markers and genome rearrangements in flatfish
Authors: Guerrero-Cózar Israel , Gomez-Garrido Jessica , Berbel Concha , Martinez-Blanch Juan F. , Alioto Tyler , Claros M. Gonzalo , Gagnaire Pierre-Alexandre , Manchado Manuel
Published: June 2021

The integration of physical and high-density genetic maps is a very useful approach to achieve chromosome-level genome assemblies. Here, the genome of a male Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) was de novo assembled and the contigs were anchored to a high-quality genetic map for chromosome-level scaffolding. Hybrid assembled genome was 609.3 Mb long and contained 3403 contigs with a N50 of 513 kb. The linkage map was constructed using 16,287 informative SNPs derived from ddRAD sequencing in 327 sole individuals from five families. Markers were assigned to 21 linkage groups with an average number of 21.9 markers per megabase. The anchoring of the physical to the genetic map positioned 1563 contigs into 21 pseudo-chromosomes covering 548.6 Mb. Comparison of genetic and physical distances indicated that the average genome-wide recombination rate was 0.23 cM/Mb and the female-to-male ratio 1.49 (female map length: 2,698.4 cM, male: 2,036.6 cM). Genomic recombination landscapes were different between sexes with crossovers mainly concentrated toward the telomeres in males while they were more uniformly distributed in females. A GWAS analysis using seven families identified 30 significant sex-associated SNP markers located in linkage group 18. The follicle-stimulating hormone receptor appeared as the most promising locus associated with sex within a region with very low recombination rates. An incomplete penetrance of sex markers with males as the heterogametic sex was determined. An interspecific comparison with other Pleuronectiformes genomes identified a high sequence similarity between homologous chromosomes, and several chromosomal rearrangements including a lineage-specific Robertsonian fusion in S. senegalensis.
Trans-obturator cable fixation of open book pelvic injuries
Authors: Jordan Martin C. , Jäckle Veronika , Scheidt Sebastian , Gilbert Fabian , Hölscher-Doht Stefanie , Ergün Süleyman , Meffert Rainer H. , Heintel Timo M.
Published: June 2021

Operative treatment of ruptured pubic symphysis by plating is often accompanied by complications. Trans-obturator cable fixation might be a more reliable technique; however, have not yet been tested for stabilization of ruptured pubic symphysis. This study compares symphyseal trans-obturator cable fixation versus plating through biomechanical testing and evaluates safety in a cadaver experiment. APC type II injuries were generated in synthetic pelvic models and subsequently separated into three different groups. The anterior pelvic ring was fixed using a four-hole steel plate in Group A, a stainless steel cable in Group B, and a titan band in Group C. Biomechanical testing was conducted by a single-leg-stance model using a material testing machine under physiological load levels. A cadaver study was carried out to analyze the trans-obturator surgical approach. Peak-to-peak displacement, total displacement, plastic deformation and stiffness revealed a tendency for higher stability for trans-obturator cable/band fixation but no statistical difference to plating was detected. The cadaver study revealed a safe zone for cable passage with sufficient distance to the obturator canal. Trans-obturator cable fixation has the potential to become an alternative for symphyseal fixation with less complications.
Minor alterations in the intestinal microbiota composition upon Rotavirus infection do not affect susceptibility to DSS colitis
Authors: Hamza Kedir Hussen , Dunér Emma , Ulmert Isabel , Arias Armando , Sorobetea Daniel , Lahl Katharina
Published: June 2021

Viral triggers at the intestinal mucosa can have multiple global effects on intestinal integrity, causing elevated intestinal barrier strength and relative protection from subsequent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) induction in various models. As viruses can interfere with the intestinal immune system both directly and indirectly through commensal bacteria, cause-effect relationships are difficult to define. Due to the complexity of putatively causative factors, our understanding of such virus-mediated protection is currently very limited. We here set out to better understand the impact that adult enteric infection with rotavirus (RV) might have on the composition of the intestinal microbiome and on the severity of IBD. We found that RV infection neither induced significant long-lasting microbiota community changes in the small or large intestine nor affected the severity of subsequent dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Hence, adult murine RV infection does not exert lasting effects on intestinal homeostasis.
The impact of myocardial compressibility on organ-level simulations of the normal and infarcted heart
Authors: Liu Hao , Soares João S. , Walmsley John , Li David S. , Raut Samarth , Avazmohammadi Reza , Iaizzo Paul , Palmer Mark , Gorman Joseph H. , Gorman Robert C. , Sacks Michael S.
Published: June 2021

Myocardial infarction (MI) rapidly impairs cardiac contractile function and instigates maladaptive remodeling leading to heart failure. Patient-specific models are a maturing technology for developing and determining therapeutic modalities for MI that require accurate descriptions of myocardial mechanics. While substantial tissue volume reductions of 15–20% during systole have been reported, myocardium is commonly modeled as incompressible. We developed a myocardial model to simulate experimentally-observed systolic volume reductions in an ovine model of MI. Sheep-specific simulations of the cardiac cycle were performed using both incompressible and compressible tissue material models, and with synchronous or measurement-guided contraction. The compressible tissue model with measurement-guided contraction gave best agreement with experimentally measured reductions in tissue volume at peak systole, ventricular kinematics, and wall thickness changes. The incompressible model predicted myofiber peak contractile stresses approximately double the compressible model (182.8 kPa, 107.4 kPa respectively). Compensatory changes in remaining normal myocardium with MI present required less increase of contractile stress in the compressible model than the incompressible model (32.1%, 53.5%, respectively). The compressible model therefore provided more accurate representation of ventricular kinematics and potentially more realistic computed active contraction levels in the simulated infarcted heart. Our findings suggest that myocardial compressibility should be incorporated into future cardiac models for improved accuracy.
Framing of visual content shown on popular social media may affect viewers’ attitudes to threatened species
Authors: Ballejo Fernando , Plaza Pablo Ignacio , Lambertucci Sergio Agustín
Published: June 2021

Content published on social media may affect user’s attitudes toward wildlife species. We evaluated viewers’ responses to videos published on a popular social medium, focusing particularly on how the content was framed (i.e., the way an issue is conveyed to transmit a certain meaning). We analyzed videos posted on YouTube that showed vultures interacting with livestock. The videos were negatively or positively framed, and we evaluated viewers’ opinions of these birds through the comments posted. We also analyzed negatively framed videos of mammalian predators interacting with livestock, to evaluate whether comments on this content were similar to those on vultures. We found that the framing of the information influenced the tone of the comments. Videos showing farmers talking about their livestock losses were more likely to provoke negative comments than videos not including farmer testimonies. The probability of negative comments being posted on videos about vultures was higher than for mammalian predators. Finally, negatively framed videos on vultures had more views over time than positive ones. Our results call for caution in the presentation of wildlife species online, and highlight the need for regulations to prevent the spread of misinformed videos that could magnify existing human-wildlife conflicts.
Use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of subsequent bone loss in a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Kang Sunyoung , Han Minkyung , Park Chun Il , Jung Inkyung , Kim Eun Hwa , Boo Young Jun , Kang Jee In , Kim Se Joo
Published: June 2021

This study examined whether the use of SRIs is associated with an increased risk of bone loss using a nested case–control design with a nationwide population–based cohort in Korea. Using the Korean National Health Screening Cohort, subjects newly diagnosed with osteoporosis or osteopenia (n = 55,799) were matched with controls (n = 278,995) at a ratio of 1:5. We stratified the participants by their time-dependent use of SRIs and sex and controlled for various confounders, including lifestyle habits, laboratory data, and comorbidities. Conditional logistic regression showed that both recent and former users of SRIs had an increased risk of subsequent bone loss compared with non-users: men [recent users: odds ratio (OR) 1.35, 95% confidential interval (CI) 1.20, 1.53; former-users: OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01, 1.20]; women (recent users: OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.28–1.48; former-users: OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02, 1.21). The use of SRIs was associated with an increased risk of bone loss in both men and women. In particular, the association was stronger in recent users. These findings provide population-level evidence for the risk of bone loss associated with SRI exposure and highlight the importance of monitoring the bone health of SRI users.
Spatio-temporal ultrasound beam modulation to sequentially achieve multiple foci with a single planar monofocal lens
Authors: Pérez-López Sergio , Fuster José Miguel , Candelas Pilar
Published: June 2021

Ultrasound focusing is a hot topic due to its multiple applications in many fields, including biomedical imaging, thermal ablation of cancerous tissues, and non destructive testing in industrial environments. In such applications, the ability to control the focal distance of the ultrasound device in real-time is a key advantage over conventional devices with fixed focal parameters. Here, we present a method to achieve multiple time-modulated ultrasound foci using a single planar monofocal Fresnel Zone Plate. The method takes advantage of the focal distance linear dependence on the operating frequency of this kind of lenses to design a sequence of contiguous modulated rectangular pulses that achieve different focal distances and intensities as a function of time. Both numerical simulations and experimental results are presented, demonstrating the feasibility and potential of this technique.
Influence of stroke infarct location on quality of life assessed in a multivariate lesion-symptom mapping study
Authors: Königsberg Alina , DeMarco Andrew T. , Mayer Carola , Wouters Anke , Schlemm Eckhard , Ebinger Martin , Cho Tae-Hee , Endres Matthias , Fiebach Jochen B. , Fiehler Jens , Galinovic Ivana , Puig Josep , Thijs Vincent , Lemmens Robin , Muir Keith W. , Nighoghossian Norbert , Pedraza Salvador , Simonsen Claus Z. , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz , Cheng Bastian
Published: June 2021

Stroke has a deleterious impact on quality of life. However, it is less well known if stroke lesions in different brain regions are associated with reduced quality of life (QoL). We therefore investigated this association by multivariate lesion-symptom mapping. We analyzed magnetic resonance imaging and clinical data from the WAKE-UP trial. European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) 3 level questionnaires were completed 90 days after stroke. Lesion symptom mapping was performed using a multivariate machine learning algorithm (support vector regression) based on stroke lesions 22–36 h after stroke. Brain regions with significant associations were explored in reference to white matter tracts. Of 503 randomized patients, 329 were included in the analysis (mean age 65.4 years, SD 11.5; median NIHSS = 6, IQR 4–9; median EQ-5D score 90 days after stroke 1, IQR 0–4, median lesion volume 3.3 ml, IQR 1.1–16.9 ml). After controlling for lesion volume, significant associations between lesions and EQ-5D score were detected for the right putamen, and internal capsules of both hemispheres. Multivariate lesion inference analysis revealed an association between injuries of the cortico-spinal tracts with worse self-reported quality of life 90 days after stroke in comparably small stroke lesions, extending previous reports of the association of striato-capsular lesions with worse functional outcome. Our findings are of value to identify patients at risk of impaired QoL after stroke.
Circulating tumour cells at baseline and late phase of treatment provide prognostic value in breast cancer
Authors: Pang Shuyun , Li Hanjun , Xu Shu , Feng Liying , Ma Xueping , Chu Yanan , Zou Bingjie , Wang Shaohua , Zhou Guohua
Published: June 2021

To determine the prognostic value of the timing of circulating breast tumour cell measurement during treatment, peripheral blood from 164 patients with breast disease was collected. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) were enriched by using immunomagnetic nanospheres (IMNs) and were identified by using immunofluorescent staining. The CTC shows nuclear-positive, EpCAM-positive, CK19-positive, and CD45-negative. Patients with CTC positivity (> 19/7.5 mL blood) had shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than those with negative results (≤ 19/7.5 mL blood) at baseline. Surgery caused an increase in the number and prevalence of CTCs, and the effect disappeared on day 14 after surgery. During adjuvant chemotherapy, CTCs detected before therapy was only correlated with PFS; however, CTCs at the end of adjuvant chemotherapy were correlated with both PFS and OS. The PFS and OS of the CTC-positive group were significantly shorter than those of the CTC-negative group at the end-point follow-up visit. The prognostic value of CTCs at different measurement time points was demonstrated during breast cancer treatment. Surgery and chemotherapy affected the prevalence of CTCs, leading to different prognostic relevance of CTCs at different treatment stages. CTCs detected at baseline or in the late phase of treatment are preferable for prognosis.
Real-time finite element analysis allows homogenization of tissue scale strains and reduces variance in a mouse defect healing model
Authors: Paul Graeme R. , Wehrle Esther , Tourolle Duncan C. , Kuhn Gisela A. , Müller Ralph
Published: June 2021

Mechanical loading allows both investigation into the mechano-regulation of fracture healing as well as interventions to improve fracture-healing outcomes such as delayed healing or non-unions. However, loading is seldom individualised or even targeted to an effective mechanical stimulus level within the bone tissue. In this study, we use micro-finite element analysis to demonstrate the result of using a constant loading assumption for all mouse femurs in a given group. We then contrast this with the application of an adaptive loading approach, denoted real time Finite Element adaptation, in which micro-computed tomography images provide the basis for micro-FE based simulations and the resulting strains are manipulated and targeted to a reference distribution. Using this approach, we demonstrate that individualised femoral loading leads to a better-specified strain distribution and lower variance in tissue mechanical stimulus across all mice, both longitudinally and cross-sectionally, while making sure that no overloading is occurring leading to refracture of the femur bones.
Salivary citrullinated proteins in rheumatoid arthritis and associated periodontal disease
Authors: Tar Ildikó , Csősz Éva , Végh Edit , Lundberg Karin , Kharlamova Nastya , Soós Boglárka , Szekanecz Zoltán , Márton Ildikó
Published: June 2021

Periodontal disease (PD) can be an important precipitating factor in the production of citrullinated proteins. Its importance is emphasized, but it is not the only way to produce citrullinated proteins. The aim of the current study was to determine the periodontal conditions and the salivary citrullinated protein content in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to healthy controls. We also wished to correlate citrullinated protein levels in the saliva and serum biomarkers with the periodontal status and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement of patients with RA. Twenty-three patients with RA and 17 healthy controls participated the study. Saliva samples were taken: citrulline content of saliva was measured. Blood test results for patients with RA were collected. TMJ disorders were described. Cariological and periodontal indices were registered. Periodontal conditions and periodontal staging were also registered. Comparison of measured values between groups was performed. Intragroup correlation of patients’ values was counted. The prevalence of TMJ complaints was significantly higher in the RA group (8/23) versus controls (1/17). The patients with RA had worse periodontal condition because more patients with RA had gingivitis with a significantly higher bleeding on probing (BOP) (RA: 22.4 ± 25.0%; controls: 6.36 ± 11.6%; p = 0.018). Gingival index (GI) was also significantly higher in the patients than in controls (RA: 0.68 ± 0.58; controls: 0.19 ± 0.38; p = 0.010). The citrullinated protein (relative) content of saliva did not differ significantly (p = 0.147) between patients with RA (1102.2 ± 530.8) and healthy controls (1873.1 ± 1594.9). In RA, the salivary anti-CCP levels positively correlated with PD staging (R = 0.464, p = 0.039)
. Control subjects more commonly had healthy gingiva than RA patients. Moreover, in the control group more individuals had intact and reduced height periodontium than periodontitis compared to the RA group. There was no significant difference in the levels of salivary citrulline between patients with RA and controls, despite the significant differences in their periodontal status. Thus, salivary citrulline levels are not associated with RA disease severity.
Water molecules at protein–drug interfaces: computational prediction and analysis methods
Authors: Samways Marley L. , Taylor Richard D. , Bruce Macdonald Hannah E. , Essex Jonathan W.
Published: June 2021

In this review we examine computational approaches to explore the structure and thermodynamics of water binding in protein–drug complexes
Enhanced hole extraction by electron-rich alloys in all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Zhu Jingwei , He Benlin , Tang Qunwei
Published: June 2021

Electron-rich Pt3M alloy is incorporated into carbon electrode to maximize hole extraction in all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells.
The synergy of photodeposited CoNi co-catalysts for the photocatalytic performance of C3N4/CdS nanosheets: optimized Gibbs free energy and Co–S bridging bonds
Authors: Gai Qixiao , Ren Shoutian , Zheng Xiaochun , Liu Wenjun , Dong Quanli
Published: June 2021

The photocatalytic performance of C3N4/CdS is enhanced by the photodeposited CoNi alloyed NPs: the synergy of the optimized Gibbs free energy of the CoNi co-catalysts and the formed Co–S bridging bonds between CoNi and CdS.
Biobased aliphatic polyesters from a spirocyclic dicarboxylate monomer derived from levulinic acid
Authors: Valsange Nitin G. , Garcia Gonzalez Maria Nelly , Warlin Niklas , Mankar Smita V. , Rehnberg Nicola , Lundmark Stefan , Zhang Baozhong , Jannasch Patric
Published: June 2021

Ethyl levulinate is readily ketalized with biobased pentaerythritol to form a spirocyclic diester monomer with low GHG emissions to produce a series of fully aliphatic processable polyesters.
Improvement in luminescent properties and thermo-optical conversion mechanism of Na2SiF6:Mn4+,K+@GQDs
Authors: Zhong Xue , Wang Tianman , Li Yuelan , Yu Yan , Chen Long , Liao Sen , Huang Yingheng , Long Jinqiao
Published: June 2021

The optimal sample exhibits high stability due to large negative thermal quenching. The mechanism of negative thermal quenching is suggested to be the conversion of thermal energy into light energy.
Effect of temperature fluctuation on colour change and softening of postharvest sweet cherry
Authors: Xin Ying , Liu Zhenzhen , Zhang Yuanwei , Shi Xiaofei , Chen Fusheng , Liu Kunlun
Published: June 2021

The inevitable temperature fluctuation induced anthocyanin synthesis, phenolic metabolism, and alkali-soluble pectin degradation, which lead to sweet cherry enzymatic browning and softening.
Sensitive and selective determination of tetracycline in milk based on sulfur quantum dot probes
Authors: Lu Haixin , Zhang Hanqiang , Li Yufei , Gan Feng
Published: June 2021

A SQD-based fluorescent probe was applied to detect TC based on the inner filter effect (IFE) and static quenching effect (SQE) without any extra surface modification for the first time.
A label-free multiplex electrochemical biosensor for the detection of three breast cancer biomarker proteins employing dye/metal ion-loaded and antibody-conjugated polyethyleneimine-gold nanoparticles
Authors: Kuntamung Kulrisa , Jakmunee Jaroon , Ounnunkad Kontad
Published: June 2021

A novel label-free electrochemical immunosensor is developed for the simultaneous detection of breast cancer biomarkers employing redox species-antibody-conjugated polyethyleneimine-coated AuNPs.
How planets grow by pebble accretion
Authors: Brouwers M. G. , Ormel C. W. , Bonsor A. , Vazan A.
Published: June 2021

Context. In the theory of pebble accretion, planets form by the subsequent accretion of solids (micron-sized dust and larger pebbles) and gas. The amount of nebular gas that a planet can bind is limited by its cooling rate, which is set by the opacity of its envelope. Accreting dust and pebbles contribute to the envelope opacity and, thus, influence the outcome of planet formation.

Aims. Our aim is to model the size evolution and opacity contribution of solids inside planetary envelopes. We then use the resultant opacity relations to study emergent trends in planet formation.

Methods. We design a model for the opacity of solids in planetary envelopes that accounts for the growth, fragmentation, and erosion of pebbles during their sedimentation. It also includes a separate dust component, which can be both replenished and swept up by encounters with pebbles, depending on the relative velocities. We formulate analytical expressions for the opacity of pebbles and dust and map out their trends as a function of depth, planet mass, distance, and accretion rate.

Results. The accretion of pebbles rather than planetesimals can produce fully convective envelopes, but only in lower-mass planets that reside in the outer disk or in those that are accreting pebbles at a high rate. In these conditions, pebble sizes are limited by fragmentation and erosion, allowing them to pile up in the envelope. At higher planetary masses or reduced accretion rates, a different regime applies, where the sizes of sedimenting pebbles are only limited by their rate of growth. The opacity in this growth-limited regime is much lower and declines steeply with depth and planet mass but is invariant with the pebble mass flux. Our results imply that the opacity of a forming planet’s envelope cannot be approximated by a value that is constant with either depth or planet mass. Applying these results to the Solar System, we argue that Uranus and Neptune could not have maintained a sufficiently high opacity to avoid runaway gas accretion unless they both experienced sufficiently rapid accretion of solids and formed late.
Molecular mapping of the PDS70 system
Authors: Cugno G. , Patapis P. , Stolker T. , Quanz S. P. , Boehle A. , Hoeijmakers H. J. , Marleau G.-D. , Mollière P. , Nasedkin E. , Snellen I. A. G.
Published: June 2021

Context. Determining the chemical properties of the atmosphere of young forming gas giants might shed light on the location their formation occurred and the mechanisms involved.

Aims. Our aim was to detect molecules in the atmosphere of the young forming companion PDS70 b by searching for atmospheric absorption features typical of substellar objects.

Methods. We obtained medium-resolution (R ≈ 5075) spectra of the PDS70 planetary system with the SINFONI integral field spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope. We applied molecular mapping, based on cross-correlation with synthetic spectra, to identify signatures of molecular species in the atmosphere of the planet.

Results. Although the planet emission is clearly detected when resampling the data to lower resolution, no molecular species could be identified with the cross-correlation technique. We estimated upper limits on the abundances of H2O, CO, and CH4 (log(Xmol) < −4.0, − 4.1, and − 4.9, respectively) assuming a clear atmosphere, and we explored the impact of clouds, which increase the upper limits by a factor of up to 0.7 dex. Assuming that the observations directly probe the planet’s atmosphere, we found a lack of molecular species compared to other directly imaged companions or field objects. Under the assumption that the planet atmosphere presents similar characteristics to other directly imaged planets, we conclude that a dusty environment surrounds the planet, effectively obscuring any feature generated in its atmosphere. We quantify the extinction necessary to impede the detection (AV ≈ 16−17 mag), pointing to the possibility of higher optical thickness than previously estimated from other studies. Finally, the non-detection of molecular species conflicts with atmospheric models previously proposed to describe the forming planet.

Conclusions. To reveal how giant planets form a comprehensive approach that includes constraints from multiple techniques needs to be undertaken. Molecular mapping emerges as an alternative to more classical techniques like SED fitting. Specifically tuned atmospheric models are likely required to faithfully describe the atmospheres of forming protoplanets, and higher spectral resolution data may reveal molecular absorption lines despite the dusty environment enshrouding PDS70 b.
A triple active galactic nucleus in the NGC 7733–7734 merging group
Authors: Yadav Jyoti , Das Mousumi , Barway Sudhanshu , Combes Francoise
Published: June 2021

Context. Galaxy interactions and mergers can lead to supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries, which become active galactic nucleus (AGN) pairs when the SMBHs start accreting mass. If there is a third galaxy involved in the interaction, then a triple-AGN system can form.

Aims. Our goal is to investigate the nature of the nuclear emission from the galaxies in the interacting pair NGC 7733–NGC 7734 using archival VLT/MUSE integral field spectrograph data and study its relation to the stellar mass distribution traced by near-infrared (NIR) observations from the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO).

Methods. We conducted NIR observations using the SAAO and identified the morphological properties of bulges in each galaxy. We used MUSE data to obtain a set of ionized emission lines from each galaxy and studied the ionization mechanism. We also examined the relation of the galaxy pair with any nearby companions with far-ultraviolet observations using the UVIT.

Results. The emission line analysis from the central regions of NGC 7733 and NGC 7734 shows Seyfert and low ionization nuclear emission-line regions type AGN activity. The galaxy pair NGC 7733−34 also shows evidence of a third component, which has Seyfert-like emission. Hence, the galaxy pair NGC 7733−34 forms a triple-AGN system. We also detected an extended narrow-line region associated with the nucleus of NGC 7733.
Improving the Efficiency of Using Hydraulic Reverse Shovel Excavators on Inclined and Steeply Dipping Fields by Controlling the Overburden Rate
Authors: Tyuleneva Tatiana , Loginov Egor , Moldazhanov Marat , Plotnikov Evgeny
Published: June 2021

The economic efficiency of open-pit mining is largely determined by the choice of a rational mining regime, which is associated with the problem of averaging the operational overburden rate over periods. At the same time, the authors do not always give recommendations when averaging the operational rates of overburden and the implementation of the selected mode of open-pit mining in practice, most often associated with determining the changing width of the working site throughout its entire existence. The article describes a method for controlling the operational overburden rate when using hydraulic reverse shovel excavators using elements of mathematical modeling of averaging the operational overburden rate, which provides high accuracy of the results and eliminates the influence of the human factor on their calculation.
Development and Replication of Effective Projects for the Organization of Medical Care by the Example of Mining Region Kuzbass
Authors: Tsarik Galina , Barkova Olga , Gracheva Tatiana
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study is to develop technologies for operational management of processes and projects that increase the efficiency of medical organizations by replicating automated systems of “hyperresonant solutions” and monitoring achievements to improve activities aimed at improving the quality and availability of medical care. The object of researching the control mechanism is represented by 104 medical organizations of primary care, introducing lean technologies. The study of the current state of accessibility, satisfaction and quality of medical care was carried out by the method of direct observation and timing of receiving medical services by patients. To ensure the optimization of management on the basis of materials characterizing the current state of accessibility, satisfaction and quality of medical care, it was supposed to form a process model of the organization, including a classifier of activities. The use of a system analysis matrix, MS Excel tables and hyperlinks contributed to the definition of priorities and the development of improvement projects, which ensured the formation of management algorithm for the organization development.
Robotic Resection of Pulmonary Epithelial Myoepithelial Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Jindani Rajika , Lopez Michael A. , Miquel Tatiana P. , Sylvin Erik
Published: June 2021

Background Pulmonary epithelial–myoepithelial carcinoma (P-EMC) is an extremely rare, well-differentiated, and malignant neoplasm originating from submucosal bronchial glands in the lung. EMCs arise mainly in the salivary glands.

Case Description This case represents an asymptomatic 78-year-old male with a remote 75-pack-year history of smoking who presents with a solitary endobronchial lesion, which is suggestive of a primary lung EMC, detected on annual screening chest computed tomography (CT) scan.

Conclusion A recent review of literature reveals less than 50 documented cases of the pulmonary subtype of this tumor worldwide. We are reporting a unique case of robot-assisted pulmonary lobectomy for a P-EMC.
Outcomes after Surgery for Endocarditis among Intravenous Drug Users and Nonusers
Authors: Huuskonen Antti , Kesävuori Risto , Raivio Peter
Published: June 2021

Background The optimal treatment strategy for intravenous drug users (IVDU) with infective endocarditis (IE) is controversial. We therefore sought to investigate outcomes among IVDUs after surgery for IE.

Methods We retrospectively reviewed all 192 consecutive patients who underwent an operation for IE between 2005 and 2016 in the Helsinki University Hospital. Forty-seven patients (24.5%) were IVDUs and 145 (75.5%) were non-IVDUs. Mortality and reinfection and reoperation rates were evaluated.

Results IVDUs were younger (29.9 vs. 63.8 years, p < 0.001) and had less cardiovascular risk factors and lower EuroSCORE II (4.3 vs. 7.3%, p < 0.001), but Staphylococcus aureus infection (66.0 vs. 23.4%, p < 0.001), tricuspid valve endocarditis (34.0 vs. 2.8%, p < 0.001), and liver disease (63.8 vs. 2.8%, p < 0.001) occurred more often in IVDUs than in non-IVDUs. Thirty-day mortality of IVDUs was 8.5% and that of non-IVDUs was 6.9% (p = 0.711). Survival of IVDUs at 5 years was 70.8 ± 7.4% and survival of non-IVDUs was 67.9 ± 4.7% (p = 0.678). Relative to an age- and sex-matched general population, IVDUs had 58.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 33.7–101.9; p < 0.001) and non-IVUD 4.4 (95% CI: 3.1–6.2; p < 0.001) standardized mortality ratio. IVDUs had a higher reinfection rate at 5 years (25.8 ± 7.7% vs. 3.0 ± 1.7%, p < 0.001) and a higher early reoperation rate than non-IVDUs (10.6 vs. 1.4%, p = 0.003).

Conclusions IVDUs and non-IVDUs had comparable survival at 5 years, but IVDUs had a very significantly increased risk of death in comparison to an age- and sex-matched general population. IVDUs had higher reinfection and early reoperation rates. Survival was poor after medically treated reinfection.
Delayed Discharge after Thoracic Surgery under the Guidance of ERAS Protocols
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhang Jiaqi , Wang Guige , Guo Chao , Chen Yeye , Huang Cheng , Li Shanqing
Published: June 2021

Background Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have been applied in thoracic surgery and are beneficial to patients. However, some issues about ERAS are still pending.

Methods A total of 1,654 patients who underwent thoracic surgery under the guidance of ERAS protocols were enrolled in this study. We set the length of postoperative stay (LOPS) as our key research indicator. Patients were divided into routine discharge group and delayed discharge group based on LOPS. Causes of delayed discharge were analyzed to improve management of postoperative recovery.

Results Male, old age, underlying disease (coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, old cerebral infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and arrhythmia), intensive care unit (ICU) stay, type of insurance, and lower forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) are the independent impact factors causing delayed discharge. Increased nonchylous drainage (INCD) and prolonged air leakage were the two leading causes for delayed discharge.

Conclusion Patients should have personalized recovery goal under the same ERAS protocols. We should accept that patients in poor general condition have a prolonged LOPS. More stringent ICU stay indications should be developed to increase postoperative patients' ERAS protocols compliance. Further research on chest tube management will make a contribution to ERAS protocols.
Black Aortic Valve: Incidental Finding of Alkaptonuria
Authors: Putz Christina , Putz Franz Josef , Keyser Andreas , Schmid Christof
Published: June 2021

Background Alkaptonuria is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder of tyrosine metabolism, which results in accumulation of homogentisic acid in various tissues, including the cardiovascular system.

Case Description We report on a 64-year-old man with mixed aortic valve disease who underwent conventional aortic valve replacement. Intraoperative aortotomy revealed black pigmentation of the intima of the ascending aorta and the aortic valve was observed with thickened and calcified dark black leaflets. Histopathological diagnosis of ochronosis of the aortic valve was made.

Conclusion Despite several previous signs and symptoms, the diagnosis of alkaptonuria was not established until aortic valve replacement.
German Heart Surgery Report 2020: The Annual Updated Registry of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Authors: Beckmann Andreas , Meyer Renate , Lewandowski Jana , Markewitz Andreas , Gummert Jan
Published: June 2021

Based on a longtime voluntary registry, founded by the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (GSTCVS) in 1980, well-defined data of all cardiac, thoracic and vascular surgery procedures performed in 78 German heart surgery departments during the year 2020 are analyzed. Under the more than extraordinary conditions of the ongoing worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, a total of 161,817 procedures were submitted to the registry. A total of 92,809 of these operations are summarized as heart surgery procedures in a classical sense. The unadjusted in-hospital survival rate for the 29,444 isolated coronary artery bypass grafting procedures (relationship on-/off-pump 3.6:1) was 97.2%. For the 35,469 isolated heart valve procedures, (17,471 transcatheter interventions included), the survival rate was 96.7%. Concerning short- and long-term circulatory support, a total of 2,852 extracorporeal life support/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation implantations, respectively, 843 assist device implantations (left/right/biventricular assist device, total artificial device), were registered. In 2020, the number of isolated heart transplantations increased to 340, a rise of 2.1% compared with the previous year. The isolated lung transplantations amounted to 291, a decrease of 6.4%.

This annually updated registry of the GSTCVS represents voluntary public reporting by accumulating actual information for nearly all heart surgical procedures in Germany, constitutes advancements in heart medicine, and represents a basis for quality management for all participating institutions. In addition, the registry demonstrates that the provision of cardiac surgery in Germany is up to date, appropriate, and nationwide patient treatment is guaranteed all the time.
New Intercostal Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Access: No Touch
Authors: Lutter Georg , Lozonschi Lucian , Frank Derk , Puehler Thomas
Published: June 2021

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is routinely performed via the transfemoral or transapical route. Subclavian, transcarotid, and transaortic access are described as alternative routes for TAVR. The small intercostal approach can be used for a safe TAVR without touching the ribs and sternum.
Evaluation of the MANTA Vascular Closure Device in Transfemoral TAVI
Authors: Kmiec Lukasz , Zerdzitzki Matthaeus , Schmid Christof , Debl Kurt , Sossalla Samuel , Hilker Michael , Holzamer Andreas
Published: June 2021

Background The MANTA vascular closure device (VCD) is a novel collagen plug-based VCD for large bore arteriotomies. The current literature regarding complication rates of this device is quite variable and mostly limited to relatively small case series.

Methods This study is retrospective analysis of the MANTA VCD-related main access site complications according to Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 (VARC-2) criteria during the hospital stay. Particular attention was paid to the detailed analysis of multislice computed tomography with regard to the anatomy of the access vessel and the puncture site itself.

Results A total of 524 patients underwent transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TF TAVI) including the use of the MANTA device (18F) for percutaneous vascular closure. A group of 22 patients was excluded from the study due to incomplete imaging data. During the study period, we observed 28 major (5.6%) and five minor (1.0%) MANTA device-related vascular complications. There was no patient death related to these adverse events. Female gender, vessel angulation at the puncture site, and at least moderate calcification of the dorsal vessel segment were identified as independent predictors for major complications.

Conclusions The MANTA device is a feasible option for vascular closure of large bore arteriotomies in patients undergoing TF TAVI or other percutaneous transfemoral interventions. Furthermore, we have identified novel predictors for device failure/complications that should be taken into account for selection of the appropriate closure device. To our knowledge, this report is one of the largest case series analyzing the use of the MANTA VCD.
“I didn't know you could do that”: A Pilot Assessment of EHR Optimization Training
Authors: Gold Rachel , Bunce Arwen , Davis James V. , Nelson Joan C. , Cowburn Stuart , Oakley Jee , Carney Stacie , Horberg Michael A. , Dearing James W. , Melgar Gerardo , Bulkley Joanna E. , Seabrook Janet , Cloutier Heath
Published: June 2021

Background Informatics tools within electronic health records (EHRs)—for example, data rosters and clinical reminders—can help disseminate care guidelines into clinical practice. Such tools' adoption varies widely, however, possibly because many primary care providers receive minimal training in even basic EHR functions.

Objectives This mixed-methods evaluation of a pilot training program sought to identify factors to consider when providing EHR use optimization training in community health centers (CHCs) as a step toward supporting CHC providers' adoption of EHR tools.

Methods In spring 2018, we offered 10 CHCs a 2-day, 16-hour training in EHR use optimization, provided by clinician trainers, and customized to each CHC's needs. We surveyed trainees pre- and immediately post-training and again 3 months later. We conducted post-training interviews with selected clinic staff, and conducted a focus group with the trainers, to assess satisfaction with the training, and perceptions of how it impacted subsequent EHR use.

Results Six CHCs accepted and received the training; 122 clinic staff members registered to attend, and most who completed the post-training survey reported high satisfaction. Three months post-training, 80% of survey respondents said the training had changed their daily EHR use somewhat or significantly.

Conclusion Factors to consider when planning EHR use optimization training in CHCs include: CHCs may face barriers to taking part in such training; it may be necessary to customize training to a given clinic's needs and to different trainees' clinic roles; identifying trainees' skill level a priori would help but is challenging; in-person training may be preferable; and inclusion of a practice coach may be helpful. Additional research is needed to identify how to provide such training most effectively.
Virtual Education in Pediatric Surgery during the COVID-19 Era: Facing and Overcoming Current Challenges
Authors: Aubert Ophelia , Wagner Richard , Gerardo Rodrigo , Tamaro Gaia , Zani Augusto , Ponsky Todd , Lacher Martin
Published: June 2021

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted our way of living in an unprecedented manner. Medical professionals at all levels have been forced to adapt to the novel virus. The delivery of surgical services and the subsequent learning opportunities for surgical residents have especially been disrupted and the pediatric surgical community has not been exempted by this. This article highlights the challenges imposed by the pandemic and outlines the various learning modalities that can be implemented to ensure continued learning opportunities throughout the pandemic and beyond. Furthermore, it aims to show how the utilization and expansion of technologies maintain and further increase the communication, as well as the exchange of and access to knowledge among peers. Virtual education-, application-, and simulation-based learning and social media, as well as telemedicine and online conferences, will play a considerable role in the future of surgical specialties and surgical education.
‘The School Was Closed, So When They Brought Me A Husband I Couldn’t Say No’: Exploring the Gendered Experiences of Child Marriage Amongst Adolescent Girls and Boys in Ethiopia
Authors: Emirie Guday , Jones Nicola , Kebede Meti
Published: June 2021

Child marriage is increasingly recognised as a development priority given its far-reaching life-course and inter-generational consequences. Despite rapid progress, Ethiopia remains in the top five countries globally in terms of absolute numbers of married girls, with significant sub-national variation in the drivers and patterning of child marriage. This article applies a capabilities framing in a novel way to move debates beyond a sole focus on girls and a single modality of marriage. It explores the gendered experiences of child marriage amongst girls and boys in Amhara and Oromia regions, drawing on semi-structured interviews with 190 adolescents, 44 parents and 20 key informants from 2017 to 2020. The findings highlight context-specific economic and gender norms drivers of adolescent-initiated and parent-arranged child marriages, and their differential effects on girls and boys. The article concludes by discussing policy and programming implications in line with the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda commitment to leave no one behind.
Generation of few-cycle radiation pulses in the IR spectral range (1.3 – 2.2 μm) using wide-aperture BBO crystals pumped by a terawatt Ti : sapphire laser
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Authors: Migal E.A. , Suleimanova D.Z. , Potemkin F.V.
Published: June 2021

Different schemes of parametric amplification (PA), aimed at designing a source of femtosecond near-IR (1.3 – 2.2 μm) radiation, are compared by solving a system of truncated equations describing three-wave mixing. A terawatt Ti : sapphire laser with an energy of 60 mJ and a pulse duration of 50 fs is used as a pump source for PA schemes. The dependences of the output energies, pulse durations, and spectral widths of signal and idler waves on the BBO crystal length for two types of phase matching and on the group-delay dispersions for the pump and signal waves is investigated. It is shown that in the case of direct PA, using a type-II phase-matching BBO crystal of optimal length, one can obtain signal (1.333 μm) and idler (2 μm) waves with pulse durations of 34 and 32 fs, respectively, with a total energy conversion efficiency up to 40 %. The application of double chirping scheme increases the total conversion efficiency to 60 %; however, the spectral width of generated pulses decreases. The spectral width can only be increased by reducing the conversion efficiency. In this case, a more simple and compact solution is the scheme of direct PA with a transform-limited pump pulse.
Adaptive system for correcting optical aberrations of high-power lasers with dynamic determination of the reference wavefront
Authors: Kotov A.V. , Perevalov S.E. , Starodubtsev M.V. , Zemskov R.S. , Alexandrov A.G. , Galaktionov I.V. , Kudryashov A.V. , Samarkin V.V. , Soloviev A.A.
Published: June 2021

We present the results of the aberration correction of laser radiation wavefront using a dynamic method for determining the reference wavefront. The method, which is based on the processing of synchronously obtained data on the near- and far-field zones, significantly improves the focusing quality with active wavefront correction, especially under conditions of dynamic aberrations. An increase in the Strehl number S from 0.7 to 0.86 is demonstrated when a beam 18 cm in diameter is focused by an F/2.5 parabolic mirror.
Emission of xenon in the spectral range of 120 – 800 nm upon excitation by diffuse and spark discharges
Authors: Panchenko A.N. , Beloplotov D.V. , Kozhevnikov V.V. , Lomaev M.I. , Sorokin D.A. , Tarasenko V.F.
Published: June 2021

Xenon emission in the spectral range of 120 – 800 nm upon excitation by subnanosecond voltage pulses is investigated. Excitation is performed using diffuse and spark discharges in an inhomogeneous electric field at a xenon pressure ranging from 0.3 to 3 atm. It is shown that xenon excitation by a series of successive 0.7-ns voltage pulses with a pause of 30 ns leads to a decrease in the second-continuum radiation intensity by the second and subsequent voltage pulses and an increase in the first-pulse afterglow intensity. It is confirmed that in the case of a pulsed diffuse discharge, the second continuum of xenon dimers, which is used to generate laser and spontaneous radiation in the VUV spectral region, makes the largest contribution to the radiation energy. Broadband radiation in the visible range (λ > 400 nm) is found to occur when the discharge is constricted. The obtained results indicate that the influence of the dynamic displacement current on the pin-diode caused a measurement error in the papers by V.I. Baryshnikov et al., who did not record the second-continuum radiation from xenon excited by a short homogeneous discharge.