bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of 3,3′-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) damaged utricle transcriptome in the adult mouse utricle
Authors: Tian Mengyao , Huang Jingyuan , Xiao Hairong , Jiang Pei , Ma Xiangyu , Lin Yanqin , Tang Xujun , Wang Yintao , Dai Mingchen , Tong Wei , Ye Zixuan , Sheng Xia , Chai Renjie , Zhang Shasha
Published: December 2024

Utricle is an important vestibular sensory organ for maintaining balance. 3,3′-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN), a prototype nitrile toxin, has been reported to be neurotoxic and vestibulotoxic, and can be used to establish an in vivo damage model of vestibular dysfunction. However, the mechanism of utricular HCs damage caused by IDPN is unclear. Here, we first studied mice balance behavior and HCs damage in IDPN utricle damage model, and found that IDPN injection in vivo can cause vestibular dysfunction and HCs damage, which is more pronounced than neomycin damage model. Then we used RNA-seq to characterize the transcriptome of IDPN damaged utricle in detail to identify genes and pathways that play roles in this process. We found 1,165 upregulated genes and 1,043 downregulated genes in IDPN damaged utricles, and identified that NF-κB pathway and TNF pathway may play important roles in IDPN damage model. Our study provides details of transcriptome of IDPN utricle damage model for further study of vestibular dysfunction.
Malay translation and validation of modified checklist for autism in toddlers, revised with follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F)
Authors: Ariffin R. A. , Ismail J. , Abd Rahman F. N. , Wan Ismail W. S. , Ahmad N. , Abdul Ghafar A. , Yang W. W. , Masra F. , Kamal Nor N.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition diagnosed clinically based on phenotypic characteristics and criteria such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Due to its significant social, emotional, and psychological impacts, early identification and diagnosis are crucial for starting early intervention and improving outcomes. A screening tool is imperative in identifying young children at risk so timely intervention can be instituted. The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F) is a reliable and valid screening tool used worldwide, with the previous iteration used for a long time in Malaysia. To enhance ASD screening in Malaysia, the latest version of M-CHAT-R/F was translated into Malay and evaluated for reliability and validity, as majority of the population speaks Malay, while the tool is originally in English. This study is a cross-sectional study performed in the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) hospitals, between May 1st, 2020, to June 30th, 2022.

Methodology

The English version of the M-CHAT-R/F was translated into Malay using forward and backward translation methods. Content and face validity were ascertained and a pilot study was performed for internal reliability. A total of 244 children attending clinics and wards in UKM hospitals aged 16-30 months were recruited based on three categories: children with typical development, suspected cases, and established cases of ASD. All caregivers of the recruited children were asked to complete the Malay M-CHAT-R/F. Reliability and validation assessments were performed.

Results

Malay M-CHAT-R/F was found to be a reliable tool with good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.906, p < 0.001). The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve showed that cut-off scores of 2 on Malay M-CHAT-R/F lead to successful ASD classification with Area Under the Curve (AUC) = 0.887, p < 0.001 with a 95% CI (0.840, 0.933).

Discussion

The assessment of the Malay M-CHAT-R/F showed satisfactory psychometric properties. Based on this study, the Malay M-CHAT-R/F is a reliable and valid screening tool to screen for ASD in children aged 16–30 months. Translating the M-CHAT-R/F into Malay is expected to improve community outreach and screening, which is essential for early diagnosis and timely intervention for children with ASD in Malaysia.
Prenatal diagnosis of midgut volvulus by fetal MRI: a retrospective study
Authors: Kou Chenguang , Song Yanfang , Gao Duo , Zhou Lixia
Published: December 2024

Background

Fetal midgut volvulus is a rare disease, with a high risk of potentially life-threatening fetal complications.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the imaging findings of fetal midgut volvulus diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and explore its value in non-invasive prenatal diagnosis.

Methods

A retrospective collection of data from 156 fetuses suspected of intestinal obstruction by ultrasound examination in our hospital was conducted. All ultrasound examinations showed fetal intestinal dilation and fetal MRI diagnosis suspected midgut volvulus in 32 cases (32/156), of which 18 cases (18/32) that underwent surgical treatment in the neonatal period were confirmed to have midgut volvulus. MRI signs in the 18 fetuses with midgut volvulus were analyzed.

Results

During MRI examination, all 18 fetuses showed gastric and/or intestinal dilatation, most of which showed different degrees of obstruction in T1-weighted images (WIs) and T2WIs, showing the “black and white sign” (14/18), “whirlpool sign” (10/18), and “coffee bean sign” (6/18). High signal intensity changes in diffusion-weighted imaging sequences were observed in intestinal tubes with ischemia and infarction. Direct signs of vascular torsion were observed in some cases (8/18). MRI signs indicated fetal midgut volvulus with hydramnios (16/18), meconium pseudocyst (7/18), meconium peritonitis (4/18), testicular hydrocele (3/18), and secondary pulmonary dysplasia (6/18). Operations confirmed the diagnosis of segmental midgut volvulus in 15 cases, complete midgut volvulus in 3 cases, and combined with intestinal atresia in 8 cases.

Conclusion

Prenatal MRI plays an important role in the diagnosis of fetal midgut volvulus and the discovery of its complications, which can guide the treatment after birth and provide a reference for the prognosis.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the WRKY gene family in Sophora flavescens during tissue development and salt stress
Authors: Li Jin , Wang Xi , Lu Junjie , Song Huifang , Lei Haiying , Niu Tianzeng , Liu Ake
Published: December 2024

Sophora flavescens is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb rich in various bioactive secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids and flavonoids, and exhibits remarkable resistance to abiotic stress. The WRKY transcription factor (TF) family is one of the largest plant-specific TF families and plays a crucial role in plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stress. However, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the WRKY gene family in S. flavescens has not yet been conducted. In this study, we identified 69 SfWRKY genes from the S. flavescens genome and classified them into seven distinct subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis. Transposed duplications and dispersed duplications were found to be the primary driving forces behind the expansion of the SfWRKY family. Additionally, several cis-acting elements related to the stress response and hormone signaling were discovered within the promoter regions of SfWRKYs. Transcriptomic analyses across five tissues (leaves, flowers, pods, roots, and stems) revealed that genes exhibiting high expression levels in specific tissues generally showed high expression across all the examined tissues. Coexpression network constructed based on metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of root and pod development indicated that SfWRKY29 may play a significant role in regulating the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites during tissue development. The RT-qPCR results of gene expression analysis revealed that several SfWRKY genes were significantly induced in response to the accumulation of secondary metabolites or salt stress. Our study systematically analyzed WRKY TFs in S. flavescens, which provides valuable reference data for further studies on the key roles of SfWRKY genes in growth development as well as their responses under salt stress conditions.
Organizational citizenship behavior: adaptation and validation of the OCB scale CCOE-R
Authors: Neves Paula C. , Palma-Moreira Ana , Andrade Cláudia , Au-Yong-Oliveira Manuel
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Organizational Citizenship Behavior has evolved as a pivotal concept in organizational behavior because of its importance on fostering the success of organizations. Despite its recognized benefits, OCB’s dimensions are not consensual in literature. The goal of this paper was to adapt and validated to be used in a broader work context an OCB scale (CCOE-R) initially developed for the Portuguese specific professional context, schools and the education sector.

Methods

The sample of this study is composed of 740 participants. To validate the scale, an exploratory and a confirmatory factor analysis and scale invariance test were performed.

Results

Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a 10-item unidimensional structure, with excellent reliability indices, and goodness of fit, besides invariance for group status (managerial and non-managerial positions).

Discussion

The OCB-G (Global OCB) emerges as a reliable and valid instrument that is based on a conception of OCB as a unidimensional construct. Because the items are group referenced items, it is possible to obtain a global value of OCB that represents group perceptions on OCB, allowing research to be carried out at the group/organizational level. The (CCOE-R) is an essential contribution to the study of organizational behavior, serving as a practical tool for assessing OCB-G as it plays a prominent role in organizations.
Enhancing social communication behaviors in children with autism: the impact of dog training intervention on verbal and non-verbal behaviors
Authors: Polak-Passy Yaara , Ben-Itzchak Esther , Zachor Ditza A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

This study investigated the impact of dog training intervention (DTI) on verbal, non-verbal, and maladaptive behaviors in autistic preschoolers. Previous research has demonstrated the benefits of animal-assisted interventions, but this study specifically focused on changes during the DTI.

Methods

We analyzed video recordings of 37 autistic children (mean age 4:7 years, SD = 1:1) from special education preschools, comparing their behaviors during the initial and final intervention sessions. The intervention, consisting of 17 structured stages, progressively introduced the children to dog interactions, ultimately allowing them to act as dog trainers. Behavioral analysis was divided into two main areas: responses to the therapist’s instructions and self-initiated behaviors observed in interactions with the therapist and the dog.

Results

Post-intervention results indicated a notable increase in non-verbal communication, with more sustained self-initiated eye contact, gestures, and facial expressions and increased verbal commands directed toward the dog. Improvements were also seen in therapist-prompted gestures and joint attention, and question-answer interactions with the therapist. However, a decrease was observed in self-initiated eye contact, duration of eye contact, and verbal sharing with the therapist. Maladaptive behaviors, such as inappropriate physical contact and repetitive movements, decreased. The study found a moderate negative correlation between autism severity and responsiveness to therapist instructions and a moderate positive correlation between IQ and improvements in therapist responsiveness.

Discussion

These findings support the growing evidence for the efficacy of dog-assisted interventions and emphasize the importance of tailoring interventions to individual child characteristics.
FCB-YOLOv8s-Seg: A Malignant Weed Instance Segmentation Model for Targeted Spraying in Soybean Fields
Authors: Yang Zishang , Wang Lele , Li Chenxu , Li He
Published: December 2024

Effective management of malignant weeds is critical to soybean growth. This study focuses on addressing the critical challenges of targeted spraying operations for malignant weeds such as Cirsium setosum, which severely threaten soybean yield in soybean fields. Specifically, this research aims to tackle key issues in plant protection operations, including the precise identification of weeds, the lightweight deployment of segmentation models, real-time requirements for spraying operations, and the generalization ability of models in diverse field environments. To address these challenges, this study proposes an improved weed instance segmentation model based on YOLOv8s-Seg, named FCB-YOLOv8s-Seg, for targeted spraying operations in soybean fields. The FCB-YOLOv8s-Seg model incorporates a lightweight backbone network to accelerate computations and reduce model size, with optimized Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks (SENet) and Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN) modules integrated into the neck network to enhance weed recognition accuracy. Data collected from real soybean field scenes were used for model training and testing. The results of ablation experiments revealed that the FCB-YOLOv8s-Seg model achieved a mean average precision of 95.18% for bounding box prediction and 96.63% for segmentation, marking an increase of 5.08% and 7.43% over the original YOLOv8s-Seg model. While maintaining a balanced model scale, the object detection and segmentation accuracy of this model surpass other existing classic models such as YOLOv5s-Seg, Mask-RCNN, and YOLACT. The detection results in different scenes show that the FCB-YOLOv8s-Seg model performs well in fine-grained feature segmentation in complex scenes. Compared with several existing classical models, the FCB-YOLOv8s-Seg model demonstrates better performance. Additionally, field tests on plots with varying weed densities and operational speeds indicated an average segmentation rate of 91.30%, which is 6.38% higher than the original model. The proposed algorithm shows higher accuracy and performance in practical field instance segmentation tasks and is expected to provide strong technical support for promoting targeted spray operations.
Phenotypic Characterization and Gene Mapping of the Lesion Mimic Mutant lmm28 in Rice
Authors: Qi Pan , Tian Min , Yang Shihong , Shui Yang , Li Ping , Yin Wuzhong , Li Qianlong , Bai Dasong , Huang Qingxiong , Li Yuanyuan , Peng Youlin , Hu Yungao
Published: December 2024

Rice lesion mimic mutants are important materials for studying the mechanisms of cell death. In-depth research on these mutants can provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying rice growth and development, offering a theoretical basis for crop improvement. In this study, rice variety Wuyunjing 21 (WYJ21) was mutagenized with ethyl methanesulfonate to obtain a lesion mimic mutant, lmm28. Unlike wild-type (WT) plants, the lmm28 mutant exhibits brown lesions on the leaves starting from the early tillering stage. The size of the lesions increases as the plant grows. Additionally, the lmm28 mutant shows significantly reduced plant height, tiller number, number of effective panicles, seed setting rate, and 1000-grain weight compared to the WT. Leaf staining of the mutant revealed an accumulation of reactive oxygen species and cell death in the lesion leaves. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that, in the lmm28 mutant, the nuclear boundaries in leaf cells became indistinct and damage to the chloroplast membrane structures was observed, with thylakoid disorganization occurring in some chloroplasts. Genetic analysis and map-based cloning localized the candidate gene of the mutant to a 167.79 kb region on chromosome 5. After analyzing the annotated genes within this region, the candidate gene was preliminarily identified as OsBON3. Sequencing analysis revealed that, in lmm28, a base change from GT to GC occurred at the 5′ splice junction of the 15th intron of OsBON3. Further analysis, using cDNA amplification of exons 14–16 followed by sequencing, showed that the mutation at the splice recognition site caused the incorrect splicing of OsBON3 pre-mRNA, leading to an increased number of transcripts in lmm28. The transcript containing an inserted intron is present at much higher levels than the normal transcript, which may lead to a reduction in the protein levels containing the functional vWA domain. Therefore, the vWA domain of OsBON3 is likely crucial for maintaining ROS homeostasis in rice and plays a key role in regulating its growth and development.
An Epidemiological Study on Salmonella in Tibetan Yaks from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Area in China
Authors: Li Dengyu , Zhang Kaiqin , Xue Xiaofeng , Bai Zhanchun , Yang La , Qi Jingjing , Suolang Sizhu
Published: December 2024

Salmonella is an important foodborne pathogen that can cause a range of illnesses in humans; it has also been a key focus for monitoring in the field of public health, including gastroenteritis, sepsis, and arthritis, and can also cause a decline in egg production in poultry and diarrhea and abortion in livestock, leading to death in severe cases, resulting in huge economic losses. This study aimed to investigate the isolation rate, antimicrobial resistance, serotypes, and genetic diversity of Salmonella isolated from yak feces in various regions on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. A total of 1222 samples of yak dung were collected from major cities in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau area, and the sensitivity of the isolated bacteria to 10 major classes of antibiotics was determined using the K-B paper disk diffusion method for drug susceptibility. Meanwhile, the serotypes of the isolated bacteria were analyzed using the plate agglutination test for serum antigens, and their carriage of drug resistance and virulence genes was determined using PCR and gel electrophoresis experiments. The isolated bacteria were also classified using MLST (Multi-Locus Sequence Typing). The overall isolation rate for Salmonella was 18.25% (223/1222), and the results of the antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that 98.65% (220/223) of the isolated bacteria were resistant to multiple antibiotics. In the 223 isolates of Salmonella, eight classes of 20 different resistance genes, 30 serotypes, and 15 different types of virulence genes were detected. The MLST analysis identified 45 distinct sequence types (STs), including five clonal complexes, of which ST34, ST11, and ST19 were the most common. These findings contribute valuable information about strain resources, genetic profiles, and typing data for Salmonella in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau area, facilitating improved bacterial surveillance, identification, and control in yak populations. They also provide certain data supplements for animal Salmonella infections globally, filling research gaps.
Structural Characteristics of the Turning End of the Kaiping Syncline and Its Influence on Coal Mine Gas
Authors: Chen Zhenning , Zhu Yanming , Zhang Hanyu , Li Jin
Published: December 2024

Frequent coal mine gas disasters pose significant threats to the safety of miners and the continuity of coal mining operations. Understanding and mastering the patterns of gas occurrence is the foundation for controlling gas outbursts. This study, drawing on previous theories, research, and practical coal mine production data, analyzes the structural characteristics of the Kaiping syncline, with particular emphasis on the structural differentiation at its northeastern uplifted end. The study examines how gas generation and storage are influenced by progressively layered structures and their effect on coal mine gas management. The results indicate that the Kaiping syncline has a NE-SW axial orientation, which gradually shifts to an asymmetric syncline with a nearly EW trend, rising towards the northeastern end. At the turning end, the strata on the northwest limb are steep—locally vertical or overturned—gradually transitioning into the gentler southeast limb with dips of 10° to 30°, further complicated by a series of sub-parallel secondary folds. The gas formation process in coal seams has undergone multiple stages, regulated by structural burial and thermal evolution. The current gas storage characteristics result from the combined effects of these structural factors. The Kaiping syncline can be divided into two gas zones: a high-gas zone in the northwest limb and a shallow low-gas zone paired with a deep high-gas zone in the southeast limb. At the turning end, structural differentiation results in significant variations and gradations in the gas storage conditions of the coal seam. This differentiation directly causes a transition from coal and gas outburst mines in the northwest limb to low-gas mines in the southeast limb, highlighting the significant influence of structural factors on gas generation, preservation, and mine gas emissions. This study integrates theoretical analysis with measured data to enhance the understanding of structural evolution and its influence on gas storage. It offers guidance for preventing coal seam gas disasters and ensuring the safe production of coal mines in the Kaiping coalfield.
Research on the Dynamics Model and Jump/Drop Control Strategy of Distributed-Propeller Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Geng Yansheng , Chen Xinxin , He Yinglong , Xu Xiaoping
Published: December 2024

Compared with conventional drones, distributed powered drones have significant advantages in handling stability characteristics, lift and drag characteristics, and takeoff and landing performance. However, there are also challenges such as aerodynamic interference of multi powered slipstream, distributed-power/wing strong-coupling dynamic modeling, and redundant control allocation of distributed-power control mechanisms. The paper has carried out the research on the dynamic modeling method, flight dynamics characteristics analysis, and the design of the control strategy of the jump and steep descent of the distributed dynamic configuration fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle. A comprehensive aircraft dynamic model considering the influence of propeller slip on aerodynamics was established by combining theoretical derivation with flight experiment data correction. By comparing and analyzing the longitudinal and lateral heading control efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicles under rudder deflection and dynamic differential, a control concept of roll co-ordination control yaw combined with left and right dynamic differential is proposed. Digital simulation and flight tests showed that the established full aircraft dynamics model can accurately reflect the motion laws of distributed-power takeoff and landing unmanned aerial vehicles. The designed takeoff and landing strategy and control scheme can successfully achieve unmanned aerial vehicle takeoff and landing and perform cruising flight tasks.
Characterization of Dolomite Stone Broken Under Axial Impact
Authors: Ji Ran , Chen Han , Shi Huaizhong , He Wenhao , Liu Dong , Wang Yongqi
Published: December 2024

As the extraction of oil and gas progresses into deeper and ultra-deep geological formations, the enhancement of rock-breaking efficiency in drill bits has emerged as a critical factor in ensuring energy security. Among the various techniques employed, vibratory percussion drilling technology is widely recognized for its ability to improve both the efficiency and speed of penetrating hard rock formations. This study examined the effects of varying loading conditions on the characteristics of rock fracture and damage, maintaining a constant cutting speed and lead angle. By designing a small polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drill bit and incorporating simulation results, the research sought to analyze the influence of axial impact components on the efficiency of breaking dolomite samples, as well as the effects of impact frequency and amplitude on drilling pressure and rock-breaking energy. The findings revealed that an increase in the axial impact amplitude significantly enhanced rock-breaking efficiency, elevated von Mises stress, and increased principal compressive stress. An increase in impact frequency effectively reduced the overall stress and frictional work. These results underscored that the stress analysis revealed that the peak stress increased at lower impact amplitudes, with notable changes occurring at an amplitude of 1.5, leading to a 100% increase in Mises peak stress compared with an amplitude of 1.0. Axial impact drilling promoted deep crack formation and the development of a tensile damage zone beneath the cutter, indicating its effective rock-breaking capabilities. Axial impact drilling significantly reduced the threshold drilling pressure compared with conventional rotation, with an impact amplitude of 0.3 mm decreasing the static load by 44.1%. Additionally, increasing the axial impact amplitude enhanced the rate of penetration (ROP) while maintaining a constant static load, resulting in remarkable efficiency improvements. The results of the study are expected to provide theoretical guidance for the mechanism of impact rock breaking and the design of impact rock-breaking tool parameters.
Design and Development of a Precision Defect Detection System Based on a Line Scan Camera Using Deep Learning
Authors: Kim Byungcheol , Shin Moonsun , Hwang Seonmin
Published: December 2024

The manufacturing industry environment is rapidly evolving into smart manufacturing. It prioritizes digital innovations such as AI and digital transformation (DX) to increase productivity and create value through automation and intelligence. Vision systems for defect detection and quality control are being implemented across industries, including electronics, semiconductors, printing, metal, food, and packaging. Small and medium-sized manufacturing companies are increasingly demanding smart factory solutions for quality control to create added value and enhance competitiveness. In this paper, we design and develop a high-speed defect detection system based on a line-scan camera using deep learning. The camera is positioned for side-view imaging, allowing for detailed inspection of the component mounting and soldering quality on PCBs. To detect defects on PCBs, the system gathers extensive images of both flawless and defective products to train a deep learning model. An AI engine generated through this deep learning process is then applied to conduct defect inspections. The developed high-speed defect detection system was evaluated to have an accuracy of 99.5% in the experiment. This will be highly beneficial for precision quality management in small- and medium-sized enterprises
Large-Scale Urban 3D Geological Modeling Based on Multi-Method Coupling Under Multi-Source Heterogeneous Data Conditions
Authors: Zhu Jixiang , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Zhang Lizhong
Published: December 2024

The development and utilization of urban underground space represents a crucial strategy for achieving sustainable urban development. Three-dimensional (3D) geological models provide a data foundation and technical support for research in urban planning and construction, as well as the prevention and control of environmental geological issues. However, current urban 3D geological modeling generally faces the challenge of multi-source heterogeneous modeling data. This often necessitates varying degrees of generalization in data processing, resulting in the majority of current urban 3D geological models being relatively coarse and insufficient to fulfill the demand for detailed geological information in contemporary urban development and management. Therefore, determining how to formulate or optimize the 3D geological modeling schemes to enhance the utilization of multi-source heterogeneous data is a key challenge in current urban 3D geological modeling. This study, taking the 3D geological structure modeling of Wuhan’s metropolitan development area (MDA) as an example, develops an automated scheme for standardizing modeling data based on multi-scale geological chronostratigraphy. By utilizing the standardized stratigraphy as a unified and independent geological framework for layered modeling, a high-precision 3D geological model of Wuhan’s MDA, characterized by large-scale and ultra-complex geological conditions, is constructed through a methodology that integrates the global discrete constrained points modeling approach with the global layered modeling approach, without generalizing the multi-source heterogeneous modeling data. This research not only holds significant practical implications for the prevention and control of comprehensive urban geological issues in Wuhan but also provides novel technical insights into the methodology of 3D urban geological modeling.
The Role of Gut Microbiome in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Implications for Clinical Therapeutics
Authors: Zhao Yucui , Zhu Shixiao , Dong Yingling , Xie Tian , Chai Zhiqiang , Gao Xiumei , Dai Yongna , Wang Xiaoying
Published: December 2024

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) characterized by chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms without organic changes, and it is also a common disorder of gut–brain interaction (DGBIs).. The symptoms of IBS not only affect the quality of life for individual patients but also place a significant burden on global healthcare systems. The lack of established and universally applicable biomarkers for IBS, along with the substantial variability in symptoms and progression, presents challenges in developing effective clinical treatments. In recent years, preclinical and clinical studies have linked the pathogenesis of IBS to alterations in the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota. Within the complex microbial community of the gut, intricate metabolic and spatial interactions occur among its members and between microbes and their hosts. Amid the multifaceted pathophysiology of IBS, the role of intestinal microenvironment factors in symptom development has become more apparent. This review aims to delve into the changes in the composition and structure of the gut microbiome in individuals with IBS. It explores how diet-mediated alterations in intestinal microbes and their byproducts play a role in regulating the pathogenesis of IBS by influencing the “brain-gut” axis, intestinal barrier function, immune responses, and more. By doing so, this review seeks to lay a theoretical foundation for advancing the development of clinical therapeutics for IBS.
Axial Compressive Behavior of Outer Square Inner Circular Spontaneous Combustion Coal Gangue Concrete-Filled Double-Skin Steel Tubular Stub Column
Authors: Wang Jinli , Wang Chunyuan , Gao Zhe , Wei Haoyan , Hu Zhengping , Wang Weiwei
Published: December 2024

Utilizing crushed spontaneous combustion coal gangue as a coarse aggregate in concrete preparation effectively reduces reliance on natural resources and mitigates environmental pollution; however, the suboptimal workability of spontaneous combustion coal gangue coarse aggregate concrete (SCG-CAC) limits its engineering applications. To address this issue, this study places SCGCAC at the center of a CFDST (Concrete-Filled Double-Skin Steel Tubular) stub column. Through finite element modeling validated for reliability, this study examines the structural mechanical response to axial loading, along with the effects of various parameters. The analysis encompasses parameters such as the strength of the core SCGCAC (fc,i), the strength of the sandwiched concrete (fc,o), the yield strength of the outer steel tube (fy,o), the yield strength of the inner steel tube (fy,i), the width-to-thickness ratio (B/to), the diameter-to-thickness ratio of the inner tube (D/ti), and the diameter-to-width ratio of the outer tube (D/B). Results show that this structural configuration significantly enhances the core SCGCAC ultimate bearing capacity, and increases in D/ti, fc,i, fc,o, fy,i, and B/to all lead to an increase in the peak load. Particularly, when D/ti increases from 28.57 to 80, the peak load increases by 42.72%. However, changes in fy,o and D/B have no significant effect on the peak load.
Leadership for the Future: Enhancing Principal Preparation Through Standards and Innovation
Authors: Fusarelli Bonnie C. , Fusarelli Lance D.
Published: December 2024

This manuscript presents a comprehensive analysis of NC State University’s redesigned principal preparation program, emphasizing its alignment with state and national leadership standards, innovative curriculum, and commitment to practical application. The program’s redesign addresses long-standing criticisms of traditional university-based leadership preparation, such as the disconnect between theory and practice, by incorporating data-driven instructional leadership, equity-focused training, and collaborative community engagement. Additionally, this article explores the role of specialized internships, full-time residencies, and the integration of technology in training future principals. The program’s success is demonstrated by improved principal placement, school outcomes, and teacher retention—particularly in high-need schools. Finally, the manuscript discusses the future of leadership preparation, highlighting the potential of artificial intelligence to further enhance decision-making, personalized professional development, and administrative efficiency, while addressing ethical considerations such as data privacy and equity.
Reactive Power Optimization Method of Power Network Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning Considering Topology Characteristics
Authors: Chen Tianhua , Dai Zemei , Shan Xin , Li Zhenghong , Hu Chengming , Xue Yang , Xu Ke
Published: December 2024

Aiming at the load fluctuation problem caused by a high proportion of new energy grid connections, a reactive power optimization method based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) considering topological characteristics is proposed. The proposed method transforms the reactive power optimization problem into a Markov decision process and models and solves it through the deep reinforcement learning framework. The Dueling Double Deep Q-Network (D3QN) algorithm is adopted to improve the accuracy and efficiency of calculation. Aiming at the problem that deep reinforcement learning algorithms are difficult to simulate the topological characteristics of power flow, the Graph Convolutional Dueling Double Deep Q-Network (GCD3QN) algorithm is proposed. The graph convolutional neural network (GCN) is integrated into the D3QN model, and the information aggregation of topological nodes is realized through the graph convolution operator, which solves the calculation problem of deep learning algorithms in non-European space and improves the accuracy of reactive power optimization. The IEEE standard node system is used for simulation analysis, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.
A Sparse Representation-Based Reconstruction Method of Electrical Impedance Imaging for Grounding Grid
Authors: Zhu Ke , Luo Donghui , Fu Zhengzheng , Xue Zhihang , Bu Xianghang
Published: December 2024

As a non-invasive imaging method, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) technology has become a research focus for grounding grid corrosion diagnosis. However, the existing algorithms have not produced ideal image reconstruction results. This article proposes an electrical impedance imaging method based on sparse representation, which can improve the accuracy of reconstructed images obviously. First, the basic principles of EIT are outlined, and the limitations of existing reconstruction methods are analyzed. Then, an EIT reconstruction algorithm based on sparse representation is proposed to address these limitations. It constructs constraints using the sparsity of conductivity distribution under a certain sparse basis and utilizes the accelerated Fast Iterative Shrinkage Threshold Algorithm (FISTA) for iterative solutions, aiming to improve the imaging quality and reconstruction accuracy. Finally, the grounding grid model is established by COMSOL simulation software to obtain voltage data, and the reconstruction effects of the Tikhonov regularization algorithm, the total variation regularization algorithm (TV), the one-step Newton algorithm (NOSER), and the sparse reconstruction algorithm proposed in this article are compared in MATLAB. The voltage relative error is introduced to evaluate the reconstructed image. The results show that the reconstruction algorithm based on sparse representation is superior to other methods in terms of reconstruction error and image quality. The relative error of the grounding grid reconstructed image is reduced by an average of 12.54%.
Investigation of Effects of Cushioning Packaging on the Physiological and Quality Changes in Chinese Olive Fruits During Cold Chain Transportation
Authors: Lin Han , Fu Fanghao , Li Jinghai , Liu Jiahui , Du Kaiyang , Zhu Bingxia , Guo Zhixiong , Pan Tengfei , She Wenqin
Published: December 2024

To gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which cushioning packaging preserves the quality of Chinese olive fruits during cold chain transportation and extends their shelf life, this study simulated cold chain conditions and investigated the effects of cushioning packaging on the physiology, antioxidant capacity, and secondary metabolites of fruits during a 20-day shelf life. The results indicated that the decay rate in cushioning-packaging-treated fruit was 75% lower than that in the unbuffered packaging fruit at day 20 of shelf life. Simultaneously, cushioning packaging treatment mitigated the damage severity of the cell membrane structure and kept the cell membrane permeability at a low level, which was 15.34% lower than that in the unbuffered packaging fruit at day 20 of shelf life. Additionally, cushioning packaging effectively restrained the increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and alleviated the decline in chlorophyll and total flavonoid contents. It kept a balance among reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities, thereby reducing mechanical-damage-induced decay rates in Chinese olive fruits during the shelf life. Furthermore, metabolome analysis of Chinese olives during the shelf life was performed comparing those without buffered packaging to those with buffered packaging. The metabolome analysis found that the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway exhibited a higher accumulation of chrysin, neohesperidin, naringenin chalcone, sakuranetin, quercetin, catechin, and naringenin metabolites in cushion-packaging treatment compared to those without cushioning treatment. Furthermore, within the phenylalanine metabolic pathway, the accumulation of phenylalanine, p-coumaraldehyde, p-coumaric acid, coniferin and caffeoyl quinic acid metabolites was significantly higher in buffered-packaging groups compared to those without buffering. Together, these findings suggest that cushioning packaging can effectively sustain the integrity of cell membranes and enhance the shelf-life quality of Chinese olive fruits by regulating the balance of ROS and mitigating oxidative stress during cold chain transportation.
Preparation of Soybean Fiber/Sodium Alginate Microgel and Its Application in Low-Fat Yogurt
Authors: Chen Cunshe , Zheng Sihan , An Zexun , Pang Zhihua , Liu Xinqi
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the oral processing characteristics and application of soybean fiber and sodium alginate microgel in enhancing the texture and sensory attributes of low-fat yogurt. By combining soybean fiber with sodium alginate, a stable composite microgel system was developed with a uniform particle-size distribution. Oral lubrication performance was assessed by evaluating particle size, texture, friction coefficient and rheological properties, providing insights into how microgels improve food lubricity. The results showed that adding soybean fiber/sodium alginate microgel to low-fat yogurt significantly enhanced lubrication, texture and sensory quality compared to standard low-fat yogurt. The yogurt sample containing 2 wt% microgel achieved optimal sensory results, improving hardness and adhesiveness. This study suggests that soybean fiber/sodium alginate microgel offer a promising strategy for enhancing the sensory quality in low-fat dairy products, supporting healthier food innovations.
Interaction Effects Between COVID-19 Outbreak and Fever on Mortality Among OHCA Patients Visiting Emergency Departments
Authors: Lee Dahae , Lee Jung Ho , Jung Eujene , Cho Yong Soo , Ryu Hyun Ho
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: Fever in patients who have suffered an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has been linked to poor clinical outcomes, as a fever can exacerbate neurological damage, increase metabolic demands, and trigger inflammatory responses. This study evaluates the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and associated fevers on OHCA outcomes and examines how they can worsen patient prognosis. Materials and Methods: Our retrospective observational analysis used data from the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS), comprising adult OHCA patients at 402 EDs in Korea between 27 January and 31 December 2020 (COVID-19 pandemic period) and the corresponding period in 2019 (pre-COVID-19). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, with the COVID-19 outbreak as the main exposure variable and fever as an important interaction variable. We employed multilevel multivariate logistic regression with an interaction term (year of visit × fever) to examine the effects of COVID-19 and fever on mortality. Risk-adjusted mortality rates were calculated, and a difference-in-difference analysis evaluated the impact of COVID-19 on excess mortality by fever status. Results: During COVID-19, in-hospital mortality was higher among OHCA patients compared to the pre-pandemic period (adjusted OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.11–1.34), particularly among febrile patients (adjusted OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.24–1.59). Interaction analysis revealed that COVID-19 disproportionately increased mortality in febrile OHCA patients compared with non-febrile patients (difference-in-difference: 0.8%, 95% CI 0.2–1.5). Conclusions: Our study found that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased mortality among OHCA patients, with febrile patients experiencing disproportionately worse outcomes due to systemic delays and pandemic-related disruptions.
The Nitrogen Removal Characteristics of a Novel Salt-Tolerant Bacterium, Enterobacter quasihormaechei DGFC5, Isolated from Municipal Sludge
Authors: Wang Bingguo , Peng Huanlong , Liu Wei
Published: December 2024

A novel bacterial strain, Enterobacter quasihormaechei DGFC5, was isolated from a municipal sewage disposal system. It efficiently removed ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite under conditions of 5% salinity, without intermediate accumulation. Provided with a mixed nitrogen source, DGFC5 showed a higher utilization priority for NH4+-N. Whole-genome sequencing and nitrogen balance experiments revealed that DGFC5 can simultaneously consume NH4+-N in the liquid phase through assimilation and heterotrophic nitrification, and effectively remove nitrate via aerobic denitrification and dissimilatory reduction reactions. Single-factor experiments were conducted to determine the optimal nitrogen removal conditions, which were as follows: a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of 15, a shaking speed of 200 rpm, a pH of 7, C4H4Na2O4 as the carbon source, and a temperature of 30 °C. DGFC5 showed efficient nitrogen purification capabilities under a wide range of environmental conditions, indicating its potential for disposing of nitrogenous wastewater with high salinity.
Polyphenols and Microbiota Modulation: Insights from Swine and Other Animal Models for Human Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Anghel Andrei Cristian , Țăranu Ionelia , Orțan Alina , Marcu Spinu Simona , Dragoi Cudalbeanu Mihaela , Rosu Petronela Mihaela , Băbeanu Narcisa Elena
Published: December 2024

High consumption of ultra-processed foods, rich in sugar and unhealthy fats, has been linked to the onset of numerous chronic diseases. Consequently, there has been a growing shift towards a fiber-rich diet, abundant in fruits, vegetables, seeds, and nuts, to enhance longevity and quality of life. The primary bioactive components in these plant-based foods are polyphenols, which exert significant effects on modulating the gastrointestinal microbiota through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This modulation has preventive effects on neurodegenerative, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases, and even cancer. The antimicrobial properties of polyphenols against pathogenic bacteria have significantly reduced the need for antibiotics, thereby lowering the risk of antibiotic resistance. This paper advances the field by offering novel insights into the beneficial effects of polyphenols, both directly through the metabolites produced during digestion and indirectly through changes in the host’s gastrointestinal microbiota, uniquely emphasizing swine as a model highly relevant to human health, a topic that, to our knowledge, has not been thoroughly explored in previous reviews. This review also addresses aspects related to both other animal models (mice, rabbits, and rats), and humans, providing guidelines for future research into the benefits of polyphenol consumption. By linking agricultural and biomedical perspectives, it proposes strategies for utilizing these bioactive compounds as therapeutic agents in both veterinary and human health sciences.
Oxygen Effect on 0–30 eV Electron Damage to DNA Under Different Hydration Levels: Base and Clustered Lesions, Strand Breaks and Crosslinks
Authors: Gao Yingxia , Wang Xuran , Cloutier Pierre , Zheng Yi , Sanche Léon
Published: December 2024

Studies on radiosensitization of biological damage by O2 began about a century ago and it remains one of the most significant subjects in radiobiology. It has been related to increased production of oxygen radicals and other reactive metabolites, but only recently to the action of the numerous low-energy electrons (LEEs: 0–30 eV) produced by ionizing radiation. We provide the first complete set of G-values (yields of specific products per energy deposited) for all conformational damages induced to plasmid DNA by LEEs (GLEE (O2)) and 1.5 keV X-rays (GX(O2)) under oxygen at atmospheric pressure. The experiments are performed in a chamber, under humidity levels ranging from 2.5 to 33 water molecules/base. Photoelectrons from 0 to 30 eV are produced by X-rays incident on a tantalum substrate covered with DNA. Damage yields are measured by electrophoresis as a function of X-ray fluence. The oxygen enhancement ratio GLEE(O2)/GLEE(N2), which lies around 2 for potentially lethal cluster lesions, is similar to that found with cells. The average ratio, GLEE(O2)/GX(O2), of 12 for cluster lesions and crosslinks strongly suggest that DNA damages that harm cells are much more likely to be created by LEEs than any other initial species generated by X-rays in the presence of O2.
Facile Preparation Route of Cellulose-Based Flame Retardant by Ball-Milling Mechanochemistry
Authors: Aaddouz Mohamed , Laoutid Fouad , Mariage Jerome , Lazko Jevgenij , Yada Bopha , Mejdoubi El Miloud , Toncheva Antoniya , Dubois Philippe
Published: December 2024

In this study, a sustainable cellulose-based flame-retardant additive was developed, characterized, and incorporated into polypropylene (PP). Microcrystalline cellulose (Cel) was chemically modified with P2O5 using the solvent-free ball-milling mechanochemistry approach at room temperature. This modification enabled phosphorus grafting onto cellulose, significantly enhancing the cellulose charring ability and improving the thermal stability of the char as revealed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The resulting product, Cel-P, containing 4.15 wt.% phosphorus, was incorporated and uniformly dispersed as a flame-retardant (FR) additive at 30 wt.% in PP through melt processing. The PP+30-Cel-P composite demonstrated improved char formation and FR properties, including reduction of both peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) in mass loss cone calorimetry (MLC). Moreover, lower light absorptivity was obtained by smoke opacity tests as compared to PP filled with unmodified cellulose.