bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Dependence of Ionospheric Poynting Flux in the Northern Hemisphere During Quite Times
Authors: Yu Chao , Zhang Xiao‐Xin , Wang Wenbin , He Fei
Published: September 2021

This study reports the longitudinal dependence of the field‐aligned Poynting flux in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) based on 11 years' (1999–2009) observations at ∼800 km altitude by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F13 satellite. Seasonal variations of the longitudinal distributions of the Poynting flux in both geographic and geomagnetic coordinates were statistically investigated. The net Poynting flux, which is the sum of downward and upward fluxes, is downward and peaks in the magnetic local time pre‐noon sector and near the geomagnetic pole. In geographic coordinates there is a longitudinal peak of the net Poynting flux that occurs between ∼130° and 160°W. The net Poynting flux is, in general, stronger in the western hemisphere than in the eastern hemisphere and larger in summer than in winter. These results indicate that the magnetospheric energy deposition into the northern polar upper atmosphere has obvious longitudinal and seasonal variations.
Thermal Alteration History of the Fenghuoshan Group, Hoh Xil Basin, Northern Tibetan Plateau: Insights From Clumped Isotope Thermometry
Authors: Kong Kai , Deng Wenfeng , Guo Yangrui , Jin Chunsheng , Liu Qingsong , Wei Gangjian
Published: September 2021

The carbonate clumped isotope (Δ47) thermometer has been widely used for paleoclimatic and paleo‐elevation reconstructions in sedimentary basins. Its reliable use requires that carbonates are free from later diagenetic alteration and retain their depositional Δ47 compositions, which is not always the case during the burial history of a basin. Therefore, identifying the alteration mechanisms that occurred during burial is essential for the correct interpretation of Δ47 signatures. In this study, we used the Δ47 thermometer to investigate possible carbonate alteration during burial of the Fenghuoshan Group (FHSG) in the Hoh Xil Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, China. The Δ47 temperatures [T(Δ47)] of 30 carbonate samples through the ∼4.5 km thickness of the FHSG range from 51 to 132°C and exceed the surface temperature, implying the effects of thermal alteration on FHSG carbonates. The T(Δ47) values combined with the water‐rock exchange model, indicating that the alteration occurred under closed burial conditions at low water:rock ratios. The solid‐state reordering model fails to predict the Δ47 values, even with a modified time‐temperature history. In contrast, most measured Δ47 values are in agreement with predictions from recrystallization models. Therefore, the proposed alteration scenario is that FHSG carbonates underwent progressive microscale recrystallization during deep burial and subsequent exhumation, during which process recrystallized carbonate equilibrated with ambient burial temperature and therefore modified Δ47 values. This study highlights the potential of Δ47 thermometry and related models for evaluating the burial history and diagenesis of carbonates in sedimentary basins.
Development of a Physically Based Sediment Transport Model for Green Bay, Lake Michigan
Authors: Khazaei Bahram , Bravo Hector R. , Anderson Eric J. , Klump Jeffrey V.
Published: September 2021

Green Bay is the largest freshwater estuarine system on earth, drains one‐third of the Lake Michigan basin and delivers one‐third of the lake's phosphorus load. Southern Green Bay is a designated area of concern due to ecosystem degradation that includes eutrophication, harmful algal blooms, hypoxia, lost or altered habitat, and reduced water quality. While marine estuaries are subject to tidal influence and saltwater intrusion, this freshwater estuary is subject to lake intrusion of freshwater with different quality parameters. Understanding the simultaneous effects of tributary flows and lake intrusions is crucial to comprehend the dynamics of freshwater estuaries. A single hydrodynamic, wind‐wave, and sediment transport model was developed for the lake and its estuary. This approach provides fine resolution in the estuary and simulates directly the combined effects of tributary flows and lake intrusions. The approach overcomes open‐boundary limitations of nested models, and of whole‐lake models that lack sufficient resolution or wind‐wave and sediment transport simulation. The model confirms findings of previous studies and demonstrates how the circulation, thermal regime, wave action, and sediment transport in the estuary depend on meteorological forcing, tributary flows, and lake intrusions. The stage is set to apply this approach to study biogeochemical processes in lakes and estuaries.
Trees Talk Tremor—Wood Anatomy and Content Reveal Contrasting Tree‐Growth Responses to Earthquakes
Authors: Mohr Christian H. , Manga Michael , Helle Gerhard , Heinrich Ingo , Giese Laura , Korup Oliver
Published: September 2021

Large earthquakes can increase the amount of water feeding stream flows, raise groundwater levels, and thus grant plant roots more access to water in water‐limited environments. We examine growth and photosynthetic responses of Pine plantations to the Maule Mw 8.8 earthquake in headwater catchments of Chile's Coastal Range. We combine high‐resolution wood anatomic (lumen area) and biogeochemical ( of wood cellulose) proxies of daily to weekly tree growth sampled from trees on floodplains and close to ridge lines. We find that, immediately after the earthquake, at least two out of six tree trees on valley floors had increased lumen area and decreased , while trees on hillslopes had a reverse trend. Our results indicate a control of soil water on this response, largely consistent with models that predict how enhanced postseismic vertical soil permeability causes groundwater levels to rise on valley floors, but fall along the ridges. Statistical analysis with boosted regression trees indicates that streamflow discharge gained predictive importance for photosynthetic activity on the ridges, but lost importance on the valley floor after the earthquake. We infer that earthquakes may stimulate ecohydrological conditions favoring tree growth over days to weeks by triggering stomatal opening. The weak and short‐lived signals that we identified, however, show that such responses are only valid under water‐limited, rather than energy‐limited tree, growth. Hence, dendrochronological studies targeted at annual resolution may overlook some earthquake effects on tree vitality.
Winter Daytime Warming and Shift in Summer Monsoon Increase Plant Cover and Net CO2 Uptake in a Central Tibetan Alpine Steppe Ecosystem
Authors: Nieberding Felix , Wille Christian , Ma Yaoming , Wang Yuyang , Maurischat Philipp , Lehnert Lukas , Sachs Torsten
Published: September 2021

Over the past decades, human‐induced climate change has led to a widespread wetting and warming of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), affecting both ecosystems and the carbon cycling therein. Whether the previously observed climate changes stimulate carbon uptake via enhanced photosynthesis or carbon loss via enhanced soil respiration remains unclear. Here we present 14 years of observations of carbon fluxes, meteorological variables and remotely sensed plant cover estimations from a central Tibetan alpine steppe ecosystem at Nam Co, the third largest lake on the TP. Using modified Mann‐Kendall trend tests, we found a significant increasing daily net carbon uptake of 0.5 g C m−2 decade−1, which can be explained by a widespread greening at the southern shore of lake Nam Co. The Plateau‐wide changes in temperature and precipitation are locally expressed as an increasing diurnal temperature range during winter, higher water availability during spring, higher cloud cover during early summer and less water availability during late summer. While these changes differ over the course of the year, they tend to stimulate plant growth more than microbial respiration, leading to an increased carbon uptake during all seasons. This study indicates that during the 14 years study period, a higher amplitude in winter temperatures and an earlier summer monsoon promote carbon uptake in a central Tibetan alpine steppe ecosystem.
Forcing Convection to Aggregate Using Diabatic Heating Perturbations
Authors: Dingley Beth , Dagan Guy , Stier Philip
Published: September 2021

Tropical deep convection can aggregate into large clusters, which can have impacts on the local humidity and precipitation. Sea surface temperature (SST) gradients have been shown to organize convection, yet there has been little work done to investigate the impact of diabatic heating perturbations in the atmosphere on the aggregation of convection. Here we investigate how anomalous diabatic heating of the atmospheric column, through an idealized aerosol plume, affects the existence and mechanisms of convective aggregation in non‐rotating, global radiative‐convective equilibrium simulations. We show that the aerosol forcing has the ability to increase the degree of aggregation, especially at lower SSTs. Detailed investigation shows that the diabatic heating source incites a thermally driven circulation, forced by the shortwave perturbation. The increase in aggregation is caused in part by this circulation, and in part by the longwave heating anomalies occurring due to the surface convergence of moisture and convection. At higher SSTs, longwave feedbacks are crucial for the aggregation of convection, even with the shortwave heating perturbation. At lower SSTs, convection is able to aggregate with the shortwave perturbation in the absence of longwave feedbacks. These perturbations provide a link to studying the effects of absorbing aerosol plumes on convection, for example during the Indian monsoon season. We argue that, as there is aggregation for plumes with realistic aerosol absorption optical depths, this could be an analogue for real‐world organization in regions with high pollution.
CD147 antibody specifically and effectively inhibits infection and cytokine storm of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants delta, alpha, beta, and gamma
Authors: Geng Jiejie , Chen Liang , Yuan Yufeng , Wang Ke , Wang Youchun , Qin Chuan , Wu Guizhen , Chen Ruo , Zhang Zheng , Wei Ding , Du Peng , Zhang Jun , Lin Peng , Zhang Kui , Deng Yongqiang , Xu Ke , Liu Jiangning , Sun Xiuxuan , Guo Ting , Yang Xu , Wu Jiao , Jiang Jianli , Li Ling , Zhang Kun , Wang Zhe , Zhang Jing , Yan Qingguo , Zhu Hua , Zheng Zhaohui , Miao Jinlin , Fu Xianghui , Yang Fengfan , Chen Xiaochun , Tang Hao , Zhang Yang , Shi Ying , Zhu Yumeng , Pei Zhuo , Huo Fei , Liang Xue , Wang Yatao , Wang Qingyi , Xie Wen , Li Yirong , Shi Mingyan , Bian Huijie , Zhu Ping , Chen Zhi-Nan
Published: September 2021

SARS-CoV-2 mutations contribute to increased viral transmissibility and immune escape, compromising the effectiveness of existing vaccines and neutralizing antibodies. An in-depth investigation on COVID-19 pathogenesis is urgently needed to develop a strategy against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we identified CD147 as a universal receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Meanwhile, Meplazeumab, a humanized anti-CD147 antibody, could block cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants—alpha, beta, gamma, and delta, with inhibition rates of 68.7, 75.7, 52.1, 52.1, and 62.3% at 60 μg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, humanized CD147 transgenic mice were susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and its two variants, alpha and beta. When infected, these mice developed exudative alveolar pneumonia, featured by immune responses involving alveoli-infiltrated macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes and activation of IL-17 signaling pathway. Mechanistically, we proposed that severe COVID-19-related cytokine storm is induced by a “spike protein-CD147-CyPA signaling axis”: Infection of SARS-CoV-2 through CD147 initiated the JAK-STAT pathway, which further induced expression of cyclophilin A (CyPA); CyPA reciprocally bound to CD147 and triggered MAPK pathway. Consequently, the MAPK pathway regulated the expression of cytokines and chemokines, which promoted the development of cytokine storm. Importantly, Meplazumab could effectively inhibit viral entry and inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Therefore, our findings provided a new perspective for severe COVID-19-related pathogenesis. Furthermore, the validated universal receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and its variants can be targeted for COVID-19 treatment.
Adult brain neurons require continual expression of the schizophrenia-risk gene Tcf4 for structural and functional integrity
Authors: Sarkar Dipannita , Shariq Mohammad , Dwivedi Deepanjali , Krishnan Nirmal , Naumann Ronald , Bhalla Upinder Singh , Ghosh Hiyaa Singhee
Published: September 2021

The schizophrenia-risk gene Tcf4 has been widely studied in the context of brain development using mouse models of haploinsufficiency, in utero knockdown and embryonic deletion. However, Tcf4 continues to be abundantly expressed in adult brain neurons where its functions remain unknown. Given the importance of Tcf4 in psychiatric diseases, we investigated its role in adult neurons using cell-specific deletion and genetic tracing in adult animals. Acute loss of Tcf4 in adult excitatory neurons in vivo caused hyperexcitability and increased dendritic complexity of neurons, effects that were distinct from previously observed effects in embryonic-deficiency models. Interestingly, transcriptomic analysis of genetically traced adult-deleted FACS-sorted Tcf4-knockout neurons revealed that Tcf4 targets in adult neurons are distinct from those in the embryonic brain. Meta-analysis of the adult-deleted neuronal transcriptome from our study with the existing datasets of embryonic Tcf4 deficiencies revealed plasma membrane and ciliary genes to underlie Tcf4-mediated structure-function regulation specifically in adult neurons. The profound changes both in the structure and excitability of adult neurons upon acute loss of Tcf4 indicates that proactive regulation of membrane-related processes underlies the functional and structural integrity of adult neurons. These findings not only provide insights for the functional relevance of continual expression of a psychiatric disease-risk gene in the adult brain but also identify previously unappreciated gene networks underpinning mature neuronal regulation during the adult lifespan.
Cardiac Wnt5a and Wnt11 promote fibrosis by the crosstalk of FZD5 and EGFR signaling under pressure overload
Authors: Zou Yan , Pan Le , Shen Yi , Wang Xiang , Huang Chenxing , Wang Hao , Jin Xuejuan , Yin Chao , Wang Ying , Jia Jianguo , Qian Juying , Zou Yunzeng , Gong Hui , Ge Junbo
Published: September 2021

Progressive cardiac fibrosis accelerates the development of heart failure. Here, we aimed to explore serum Wnt5a and Wnt11 levels in hypertension patients, the roles of Wnt5a and Wnt11 in cardiac fibrosis and potential mechanisms under pressure overload. The pressure overload mouse model was built by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Cardiac fibrosis was analyzed by Masson’s staining. Serum Wnt5a or Wnt11 was elevated and associated with diastolic dysfunction in hypertension patients. TAC enhanced the expression and secretion of Wnt5a or Wnt11 from cardiomyocytes (CMs), cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), and cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). Knockdown of Wnt5a and Wnt11 greatly improved cardiac fibrosis and function at 4 weeks after TAC. In vitro, shWnt5a or shWnt11 lentivirus transfection inhibited pro-fibrotic effects in CFs under mechanical stretch (MS). Similarly, conditional medium from stretched-CMs transfected with shWnt5a or shWnt11 lentivirus significantly suppressed the pro-fibrotic effects induced by conditional medium from stretched-CMs. These data suggested that CMs- or CFs-derived Wnt5a or Wnt11 showed a pro-fibrotic effect under pressure overload. In vitro, exogenous Wnt5a or Wnt11 activated ERK and p38 (fibrotic-related signaling) pathway, promoted the phosphorylation of EGFR, and increased the expression of Frizzled 5 (FZD5) in CFs. Inhibition or knockdown of EGFR greatly attenuated the increased FZD5, p-p38, and p-ERK levels, and the pro-fibrotic effect induced by Wnt5a or Wnt11 in CFs. Si-FZD5 transfection suppressed the increased p-EGFR level, and the fibrotic-related effects in CFs treated with Wnt5a or Wnt11. In conclusion, pressure overload enhances the secretion of Wnt5a or Wnt11 from CMs and CFs which promotes cardiac fibrosis by activation the crosstalk of FZD5 and EGFR. Thus, Wnt5a or Wnt11 may be a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of cardiac fibrosis under pressure overload.
Combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and the MCL1 inhibitor S63845 exerts synergistic antitumorigenic effects on CML cells
Authors: Malyukova Alena , Ujvari Dorina , Yektaei-Karin Elham , Zovko Ana , Madapura Harsha S. , Keszei Marton , Nagy Noemi , Lotfi Kourosh , Björn Niclas , Wallvik Jonas , Tamai Minori , Nguyen Thao T. T. , Akahane Koshi , Inukai Takeshi , Stenke Leif , Salamon Daniel
Published: September 2021

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment has dramatically improved the survival of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, but measurable residual disease typically persists. To more effectively eradicate leukemia cells, simultaneous targeting of BCR-ABL1 and additional CML-related survival proteins has been proposed. Notably, several highly specific myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) inhibitors have recently entered clinical trials for various hematologic malignancies, although not for CML, reflecting the insensitivity of CML cell lines to single MCL1 inhibition. Here, we show that combining TKI (imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, or asciminib) treatment with the small-molecule MCL1 inhibitor S63845 exerted strong synergistic antiviability and proapoptotic effects on CML lines and CD34+ stem/progenitor cells isolated from untreated CML patients in chronic phase. Using wild-type BCR-ABL1-harboring CML lines and their T315I-mutated sublines (generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homologous recombination), we prove that the synergistic proapoptotic effect of the drug combination depended on TKI-mediated BCR-ABL1 inhibition, but not on TKI-related off-target mechanisms. Moreover, we demonstrate that colony formation of CML but not normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells became markedly reduced upon combination treatment compared to imatinib monotherapy. Our results suggest that dual targeting of MCL1 and BCR-ABL1 activity may efficiently eradicate residual CML cells without affecting normal hematopoietic stem/progenitors.
Satb2 regulates the development of dopaminergic neurons in the arcuate nucleus by Dlx1
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Zhang Lei , Huang Ying , Ma Pengcheng , Mao Bingyu , Ding Yu-Qiang , Song Ning-Ning
Published: September 2021

Dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus play essential roles in the secretion of prolactin and the regulation of energy homeostasis. However, the gene regulatory network responsible for the development of the DA neurons remains poorly understood. Here we report that the transcription factor special AT-rich binding protein 2 (Satb2) is required for the development of ARC DA neurons. Satb2 is expressed in a large proportion of DA neurons without colocalization with proopiomelanocortin (POMC), orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP), neuropeptide-Y (NPY), somatostatin (Sst), growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), or galanin in the ARC. Nestin-Cre;Satb2flox/flox (Satb2 CKO) mice show a reduced number of ARC DA neurons with unchanged numbers of the other types of ARC neurons, and exhibit an increase of serum prolactin level and an elevated metabolic rate. The reduction of ARC DA neurons in the CKO mice is observed at an embryonic stage and Dlx1 is identified as a potential downstream gene of Satb2 in regulating the development of ARC DA neurons. Together, our study demonstrates that Satb2 plays a critical role in the gene regulatory network directing the development of DA neurons in ARC.
Developing a three-input cascade DNA logic gate based on the biological characteristics of metal ion–GO, combined with analysis and verification
Authors: Wang Luhui , Hu Mengyang , Wang Yue , Xi Sunfan , Cheng Meng , Niu Li , Dong Yafei
Published: September 2021

Due to the limitation of technology, electronic computing is approaching the limit of technology, and new computing tools need to be developed.
Noncentrosymmetric Weyl phase and topological phase transition in bulk MoTe
Authors: Wu Jia-Fang , Ke Sha-Sha , Guo Yong , Zhang Huai-Wu , Lü Hai-Feng
Published: September 2021

Pm-MoTe without inversion centers is a Type-II Weyl semimetal with eight Weyl points, which can transition to compensation semimetal under strain.
Efficient improvement in non-enzymatic glucose detection induced by the hollow prism-like NiCo2S4 electrocatalyst
Authors: Chu Dandan , Yan Li , Chen Qiwen , Chu Xue-Qiang , Ge Danhua , Chen Xiaojun
Published: September 2021

Hollow prism-like NiCo2S4/ITO was successfully constructed as a sensor towards glucose oxidation, which exhibited a wide linear range, high sensitivity, and good selectivity and stability for non-enzymatic glucose sensors.
Higher stability of metalloid tin clusters obtained via the cation–anion interaction
Authors: Kimmich Roman , Schrenk Claudio , Schnepf Andreas
Published: September 2021

The reaction of SnCl with the bulky substituents HyptBuMe2 and HypEt3 leads to the formation of two isostructural Sn10-clusters, showing novel coordination polymers in the solid state and high thermal stability in solution.
T-Nb2O5 nanoparticles confined in carbon nanotubes with fast ion diffusion rates for lithium storage
Authors: Zhang Yang , Tang Yakun , Liu Lang , Zhang Yue , Li Zhiguo
Published: September 2021

T-Nb2O5/CNT nanohybrids with highly conductive networks exhibit competitive lithium-ion diffusion kinetics and favorable structural stability.
Thermally stable vanadium complexes supported by the iminophenyl oxazolinylphenylamine ligands: synthesis, characterization and application for ethylene (co-)polymerization
Authors: Wu Ruiyao , Niu Zhen , Huang Lingyun , Yang Yinxin , Xia Zhu , Fan Weifeng , Dai Quanquan , Cui Long , He Jianyun , Bai Chenxi
Published: September 2021

Novel thermally stable vanadium complexes for ethylene (co)polymerization with moderate to high Mw, high activity and narrow PDI.
Antifouling sandwich-structured electrospun nanofibrous membranes by integrating fluffy and hydrophobic layers for long-term airborne particulate matter segregation
Authors: Wang Jing , Hou Li'an , Yao Zhikan , Dou Weiyu , Li Ge , Zhang Lin
Published: September 2021

Schematic illustration of the sandwich-structured membrane with long-term antifouling performance for personal protection.
The robust peroxidase mimics within metal–organic frameworks for the sensitivity detection of H2O2 and glucose in serum
Authors: Yang Peipei , Ren Qingfan , Chen Yuying , Ouyang Sixue , Huang Zhipeng , Zhao Peng , Tao Jia
Published: September 2021

Ultrafine and uniform CuPd alloy nanoparticles encapsuled in MOF to detect H2O2 and glucose with a low detection limit.
A multidrug-resistant P-glycoprotein assembly revealed by tariquidar-probe's super-resolution imaging
Authors: Chen Junling , Li Hongru , Wu Qiang , Zhao Tan , Xu Haijiao , Sun Jiayin , Liang Feng , Wang Hongda
Published: September 2021

The development of small-molecule fluorescent probes for p-glycoproteins is helpful to study their drug resistance mechanism.
Tailoring effects of the chain length and terminal substituent on the photochromism of solid-state spiropyrans
Authors: Deng Yawen , Zhang Lei , Zhang Chenghao , Gu Jingjing , Liu Jishuai , Liu Han , Xie Congxia , Wu Zhongtao
Published: September 2021

The photochromic activity of solid-state spiropyrans at room temperature could be well tailored by the chain length and the electron-donating effect of the end substituent.
Gas-phase oxidation modification strategy of spent graphite from spent LiFePO4 with enhanced initial coulombic efficiency for lithium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Li Zheng , Li Songxian , Wang Tao , Yang Kai , Tian Zhongliang , Lai Yanqing
Published: September 2021

Recycling graphite from spent LiFePO4 batteries plays a significant role in relieving the shortage of environmental protection and waste of valuable resources.
Applying blockchain for primary financial market: A survey
Authors: Liu Ji , Xu Zheng , Li Ruiqiang , Zhao Hang , Jiang Hongbo , Yao Jinhui , Yuan Dong , Chen Shiping
Published: September 2021

In financial market, especially primary market, it is very costly and difficult to make a deal due to discovery difficulty, information asymmetry, lack of trust, complicated trading process and low liquidity. Blockchain is an innovative technology enabling new business models of distributed data storage, point‐to‐point transaction and decentralized autonomous organizations via consensus. The unique features of blockchain, ‘decentralization, highly transparent, enhanced security and immutability of information’, make it a good solution candidate to meet the needs of private equity exchange. This article focuses on analysing the technical basis of the blockchain financial model and the typical application scenarios of the blockchain in the financial market. It discusses the importance of applying key blockchain technology to the financial market, especially in the primary market. Research has found that the development of blockchain technology, especially the maturity of stabilized token technology, makes it possible for blockchain to become a supporting technology to support the next generation of infrastructure in the future financial market. At present, blockchain technology has been concentrated in the issuance, registration, clearing, settlement and derivatives management of private equity and other over‐the‐counter securities. The use of blockchain to build a decentralized primary market has not received enough attention in research and practice, and the use of blockchain technology to establish a primary market with diverse distribution methods is still in its infancy. On this basis, this article further analyses the current problems and the possibility of solving these problems in the application of blockchain in the primary market and points out several interesting directions for future research in this field.
Critical values of cyber parameters in a dynamic microgrid system
Authors: Lee Lung‐An , Liu Chen‐Ching , Wang Jingyu , Appiah‐Kubi Jennifer , Schneider Kevin P. , Tuffner Francis K. , Ton Dan T.
Published: September 2021

An islanded
microgrid is cyber‐physical system, and the control relies on the
communication system significantly. Improper parameters of the cyber system can result in instability of a microgrid system. To evaluate the impact of a networked control system on control performance, a cyber model is developed to represent data acquisition periods and communication delays. Simplification of the networked control system model is proposed to enhance the computational performance, making the analytical method applicable for large‐scale systems. Based on the analysis, a two‐dimensional stability region of a microgrid in the space of cyber parameters can be obtained. To validate the proposed method, a microgrid control scheme is proposed for power dispatch and regulation based on the droop and proportional‐integral (PI) feedback control. The analytical method is compared to the time‐domain simulation, and it is shown that the stability regions are nearly identical. The critical values of cyber parameters are determined based on the analytical results. The proposed control strategy with the given cyber parameters is validated for transient stability following dynamic events. Simulation results indicate that the design of a microgrid as a cyber‐physical system needs to be guided by critical values for cyber parameters to prevent system instability.
The impact of different corona models on FD algorithms for the solution of multiconductor transmission lines equations
Authors: Stracqualursi Erika , Araneo Rodolfo , Andreotti Amedeo
Published: September 2021

In this study, the implementation of different corona discharge models in a transient program for overhead multiconductor lines based on the implicit Crank‐Nicolson Finite Difference Time Domain method is presented. Among different corona models available in the literature, two empirical models (Gary's and Suliciu's models) and a physics‐based model (Malik's model) are discussed, which are broadly used in EMT programs, and their predictions under fast‐front lightning surges and slow‐front switching impulses are assessed. The authors critically review the dynamic capacitance approach in terms of numerical accuracy, when dealing with slowly varying voltages, and applicability, regarding dispersive models assuming a non‐instantaneous charge‐voltage relation. The alternative voltage‐controlled generator approach is proposed, which is successfully included in the implicit Crank‐Nicolson scheme. One of the objectives of this study is to show how different corona models may predict overvoltages with huge discrepancies, depending on the transient waveform and the propagation distance, despite the similarity of the q‐v hysteresis curves. More evident discrepancies between models under fast‐front voltage waves are reported, rather than for switching impulses. The consistency of these results in terms of the models' features and q‐v curves is analysed, highlighting the necessity for new engineering tools for corona simulation of general predictive capability.
Ensemble cross‐stage partial attention network for image classification
Authors: Lin Hai , Yang JunJie
Published: September 2021

This paper proposes a novel image classification architecture named ensemble cross‐stage partial attention network based on the backbone network DarkNet53 of Yolov3 to improve the feature extraction capability and the interpretability of image classification. This network has multiple advantages, including light model parameters, fast classification speed, and high classification accuracy for small objects and complex images. Local network architectures of different cross‐phases are added in the proposed network structure to reduce the calculation. Furthermore, channel and hybrid domain attention modules, which, respectively, fuse the branch feature with the extracted channel and spatial attention features, are designed for feature extraction of images. Experimental results confirm the improved performance of the proposed approach on the CIFAR‐100, ImageNet, and UCMerced datasets. In addition, experiments on the MSCOCO dataset suggest the application of the proposed method to object detection with satisfactory accuracy.
Interharmonic current sharing in islanding operation of inductive microgrid via enhanced I‐P droop scheme
Authors: Razi Reza , Iman‐Eini Hossein , Hamzeh Mohsen , Hably Ahmad , Bacha Seddik
Published: September 2021

The considerable expansion of non‐linear loads with interharmonic currents characteristic such as induction furnace, cycloconverter and variable‐speed drive is one of the new and important challenges in the control of industrial microgrids. For this reason, this paper presents an enhanced control scheme that tries to share power and especially interharmonic currents through parallel inverters accurately, which is not addressed in previous literature. In this regard, assuming the inherent delays of digital control, the proposed control strategy firstly suppresses the inherent impedances of inverters, especially in interharmonic frequencies. Then, the enhanced impedance‐power (I‐P) droop scheme is employed based on virtual inductors to compensate for the mismatch of line impedances and to achieve proper power‐sharing. Besides, novel techniques are introduced in the proposed structure to limit the values of virtual inductances and even to benefit from the negative virtual impedance method. The notable feature of the presented scheme is the sharing of interharmonic currents with high accuracy and low computations. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated through simulation and experimental results.
Observational signatures of the surviving donor star in the double-detonation model of Type Ia supernovae
Authors: Liu Zheng-Wei , Röpke Friedrich K. , Zeng Yaotian , Heger Alexander
Published: September 2021

The sub-Chandrasekhar-mass double-detonation (DDet) scenario is a contemporary model for Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). The donor star in the DDet scenario is expected to survive the explosion and to be ejected at the high orbital velocity of a compact binary system. For the first time, we consistently perform 3D hydrodynamical simulations of the interaction of supernova ejecta with a helium (He) star companion within the DDet scenario. We map the outcomes of 3D impact simulations into 1D stellar evolution codes and follow the long-term evolution of the surviving He-star companions. Our main goal is to provide the post-impact observable signatures of surviving He-star companions of DDet SNe Ia, which will support the search for such companions in future observations. Such surviving companions are ejected with high velocities of up to about 930 km s−1. We find that our surviving He-star companions become significantly overluminous for about 106 yr during the thermal re-equilibration phase. After the star re-establishes thermal equilibrium, its observational properties are not sensitive to the details of the ejecta-donor interaction. We apply our results to the hypervelocity star US 708, which is one of the fastest unbound stars in our Galaxy; it travels with a velocity of about 1200 km s−1, making it a natural candidate for an ejected donor remnant of a DDet SN Ia. We find that a He-star donor with an initial mass of ≳0.5 M⊙ is needed to explain the observed properties of US 708. Based on our detailed binary evolution calculations, however, a progenitor system with such a massive He-star donor cannot get close enough at the moment of the SN explosion to explain the high velocity of US 708. Instead, if US 708 is indeed the surviving He-star donor of a DDet SN Ia, it would require the entire pre-supernova progenitor binary to travel at a velocity of about 400 km s−1. It could, for example, have been ejected from a globular cluster in the direction of the current motion of the surviving donor star.
A Krylov subspace type method for Electrical Impedance Tomography
Authors: Pasha Mirjeta , Kupis Shyla , Ahmad Sanwar , Khan Taufiquar
Published: September 2021

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a well-known imaging technique for detecting the electrical properties of an object in order to detect anomalies, such as conductive or resistive targets. More specifically, EIT has many applications in medical imaging for the detection and location of bodily tumors since it is an affordable and non-invasive method, which aims to recover the internal conductivity of a body using voltage measurements resulting from applying low frequency current at electrodes placed at its surface. Mathematically, the reconstruction of the internal conductivity is a severely ill-posed inverse problem and yields a poor quality image reconstruction. To remedy this difficulty, at least in part, we regularize and solve the nonlinear minimization problem by the aid of a Krylov subspace-type method for the linear sub problem during each iteration. In EIT, a tumor or general anomaly can be modeled as a piecewise constant perturbation of a smooth background, hence, we solve the regularized problem on a subspace of relatively small dimension by the Flexible Golub-Kahan process that provides solutions that have sparse representation. For comparison, we use a well-known modified Gauss–Newton algorithm as a benchmark. Using simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The obtained reconstructions indicate that the Krylov subspace method is better adapted to solve the ill-posed EIT problem and results in higher resolution images and faster convergence compared to reconstructions using the modified Gauss–Newton algorithm.
The lacking interest in interest rates: will the phase-out of LIBOR and negative rates go unnoticed by arbitration practitioners?
Authors: Kalinin Mikhail , Peer Michael
Published: September 2021

Interest plays a crucial role in ensuring that the compensation obtained by the winning party does not diminish throughout the many years between the breach and enforcement of the award. Despite its importance, interest is often the last element considered by arbitration practitioners, who sometimes rely on popular interest rate benchmarks that worked well in the past. However, some familiar benchmarks might no longer achieve the intended outcome.

We have reviewed public investment arbitration awards rendered in 2019–2020 and identified three issues: the use of LIBOR despite its imminent phase-out, the use of benchmarks that have become negative, and the omission of interest from awards rendered in favour of respondent states. While solutions may vary, we discuss mechanisms that may be used to review existing awards, alternative interest rate benchmarks that may replace LIBOR, and floors that might be helpful to deal with negative interest rates.

Arbitration practitioners regret to see it when transactional lawyers negotiate arbitration clauses as ‘midnight clauses’. However, it often escapes the arbitration community that it adopts a similar last minute approach to interest rates. It is hoped that this article might help interest rates avoid the fate of being a ‘midnight remedy’.
A new hybrid stent using endoscopic vacuum therapy in treating esophageal leaks: a prospective single-center experience of its safety and feasibility with mid-term follow-up
Authors: Chon Seung-Hun , Scherdel Julia , Rieck Isabel , Lorenz Florian , Dratsch Thomas , Kleinert Robert , Gebauer Florian , Fuchs Hans Friedrich , Goeser Tobias , Bruns Christiane Josephine
Published: September 2021

Self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) and endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) are endoscopic options for treating leaks of the esophagus. VACStent® is a variant of SEMS that aims to combine the advantages of SEMS and EVT in one device. Due to this unique construction, VACStent® can build a barrier to the leak and facilitate wound healing with EVT, all while maintaining intestinal passage. We present the first prospective feasibility study of VACStent® for treating leaks of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Between September 2019 and November 2020, we performed a prospective, investigator-initiated, single-center study and included all patients who underwent endoscopic stenting with VACStent® for various kinds of esophageal leaks, such as spontaneous, iatrogenic or anastomotic leaks. We included 20 patients, who underwent a total of 24 endoscopic VACStent® implantations. Technical success of the application of the VACStent® was achieved in all interventions (n = 24, 100%). Overall, clinical success in closing the leaks with VACStent® treatment was achieved in 60% of patients (12/20). No severe VACStent® treatment-related adverse events occurred. Oral feeding with supplement high-energy drinks failed in all patients due to clogging of the suction tube. VACStent® is a safe and feasible endoscopic treatment option for leaks of the upper gastrointestinal tract. However, our data could not show the expected advantage of orally feeding the patients during the treatment with the VACStent® in its current form. Efficacy of VACStent® compared to EVT or SEMS needs to be investigated in a further study. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03962179.
The STRIPAK component SipC is involved in morphology and cell-fate determination in the nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans
Authors: Wernet Valentin , Wäckerle Jan , Fischer Reinhard
Published: September 2021

The striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complex is a highly conserved eukaryotic signaling hub involved in the regulation of many cellular processes. In filamentous fungi, STRIPAK controls multicellular development, hyphal fusion, septation, and pathogenicity. In this study, we analyzed the role of the STRIPAK complex in the nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans which forms three-dimensional, adhesive trapping networks to capture Caenorhabditis elegans. Trap networks consist of several hyphal loops which are morphologically and functionally different from vegetative hyphae. We show that lack of the STRIPAK component SipC (STRIP1/2/HAM-2/PRO22) results in incomplete loop formation and column-like trap structures with elongated compartments. The misshapen or incomplete traps lost their trap identity and continued growth as vegetative hyphae. The same effect was observed in the presence of the actin cytoskeleton drug cytochalasin A. These results could suggest a link between actin and STRIPAK complex functions.
Age Patterns in Self-Reported Cognitive Impairment Among Older Latino Subgroups and Non-Latino Whites in the United States, 1997–2018: Implications for Public Health Policy
Authors: Garcia Marc A , Warner David F , García Catherine , Downer Brian , Raji Mukaila
Published: September 2021

Background and Objectives

U.S. Latinos are a heterogeneous population with unique characteristics related to individual-level socioeconomic and contextual factors based on nativity status and country of origin. Population aging and greater public awareness of dementia may contribute to an increasing prevalence of self-reported cognitive impairment. However, population-level trends in self-reported cognitive impairment among Latinos are unclear and it is unknown whether there are differences among Latino subgroups. Thus, this study aims to examine heterogeneity in self-reported cognitive impairment among older U.S. Latino subgroups.

Research Design and Methods

We used data from the 1997–2018 National Health Interview Survey to document age-specific patterns in self-reported cognitive impairment among U.S.-born Mexican, foreign-born Mexican, island-born Puerto Rican, foreign-born Cuban, and U.S.-born non-Latino Whites aged 60 and older. We estimated hierarchical age–period–cohort cross-classified random effects models (HAPC-CCREM) to isolate age patterns in self-reported cognitive impairment across disaggregated Latino subgroups and U.S.-born non-Latino Whites.

Results

The overall prevalence of self-reported cognitive impairment increased from 6.0% in 1997 to 7.1% in 2018. This increase was evident among U.S.-born non-Latino Whites and U.S.-born and foreign-born Mexicans but not other Latino subgroups. Fully adjusted HAPC-CCREM estimates indicated that Latinos were more likely to self-report cognitive impairment than U.S-born non-Latino Whites (b = 0.371, p < .001). When disaggregated by Latino subgroup, the difference in the likelihood for self-reported cognitive impairment compared to U.S.-born non-Latino Whites was greatest for island-born Puerto Ricans (b = 0.598, p < .001) and smallest for foreign-born Cubans (b = 0.131, p > .05).

Discussion and Implications

We found evidence of considerable heterogeneity in the age patterns of self-reported cognitive impairment among U.S. Latino subgroups. We also detected large differences in the likelihood for self-reported cognitive impairment between U.S. Latino subgroups compared to U.S.-born non-Latino Whites. These results underscore the importance of differentiating between unique Latino subpopulations when studying population-level trends in cognitive function.
Settler Military Politics: On the Inclusion and Recognition of Indigenous People in the Military
Authors: Caso Federica
Published: September 2021

After decades of refusal, neglect, and tacit admittance, the service of Indigenous people in the national armed forces of settler colonial states such as Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States is finally gaining acknowledgment. Indigenous people are now integrated in the regular forces and represented in national war commemoration. This article maintains that while inclusion and recognition of Indigenous military service is a positive transformation in the direction of post-colonial reconciliation, it still operates within the logics of settler colonialism intended to eradicate Indigenous stories of connection to land and assimilate Indigenous people in settler society. Using the case study of Indigenous militarization in Australia, this article argues that, under conditions of settler colonialism, the inclusion and recognition of Indigenous people in national militaries advances the settler colonial project intended to dispossess Indigenous people from their land and assimilate them in the new settler society. It highlights that historically, military organization has supported settler colonialism, and positions the present inclusion and recognition of Indigenous people in the military as a continuation of this history.
Efficacy of tantalum rod insertion for preventing femoral head collapse in osteonecrosis in a paediatric population: a pilot study
Authors: Hussaini Muqtasid , Balakumar Jitendra , Slattery David
Published: September 2021

Femoral head osteonecrosis in the paediatric population is difficult to treat, with the primary goals of management being prevention of subchondral collapse and the avoidance of early total hip replacement. This study aims to describe the use of a porous tantalum rod implant to provide mechanical support in preventing femoral head collapse in a paediatric population. A retrospective chart-based analysis of patients with osteonecrosis of the hip was performed at our institution to identify those who had undergone tantalum rod insertion. A total of 10 patients (fives males and five females, median age 12.5 years, 9–18) had tantalum rods implanted between December 2013 and February 2018. One patient was excluded due to follow-up at a different institution. The radiographic degree of osteonecrosis was characterized according to the Ficat classification and the Kerboul angle. Radiographic assessment of pre- and post-operative plain films was performed. The outcome measures were Tonnis grade and percentage collapse of the femoral head. Nine patients with a mean follow-up time of 18.4 months were included in the analysis. There was no significant increase in the femoral head collapse percentage post tantalum rod insertion compared to pre-operatively (P = 0.63). There was a significant increase in the Tonnis grade post-operatively (P < 0.05), with sub-group analysis showing minimal increase in Ficat Stage 1 patients. This study is the first to examine the role of tantalum rod insertion in preventing femoral head collapse in a paediatric population, with results suggesting potential benefit in a subset of patients.
Development of an adaptive explicit algorithm for static simulation using the vector form intrinsic finite element method
Authors: Wang Mien-Li , Chuang Ching-Chiang , Lee Jyh-Jone
Published: September 2021

The vector form intrinsic finite element (VFIFE) method is a solution technique for nonlinear structural problems, which describes a continuous body using a set of particles instead of a mathematical function. Thus, a dynamic particle equation can be established by Newton's law of motion, and a viscous or kinetic damping can be introduced to obtain the steady state of the structure. This paper focuses mainly on the development of a stability condition regarding the explicit central difference method used in VFIFE to guarantee the system's convergence. The process is established and evaluated in combination with a dynamic relaxation method with kinetic damping and discrete control theory. Four numerical examples of structure nonlinear problems are used to verify the accuracy, stability and efficiency of the method.