bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trichophyton indotineae Erg1Ala448Thr Strain Expressed Constitutively High Levels of Sterol 14-α Demethylase Erg11B mRNA, While Transporter MDR3 and Erg11A mRNA Expression Was Induced After Addition of Short Chain Azoles
Authors: Berstecher Nadine , Burmester Anke , Gregersen Deborah Maria , Tittelbach Jörg , Wiegand Cornelia
Published: October 2024

Trichophyton indotineae is an emerging pathogen causing recalcitrant skin infections and exhibiting multiple resistances to azoles and allylamines. Squalene epoxidase erg1Ala448Thr mutants often show association with azole resistance. RT-PCR gene expression analysis helps to elucidate the connection between ergosterol biosynthesis regulation and efflux control through the activation of multidrug resistance (MDR) and major facilitator superfamily (MFS1) transporters as well as heat shock proteins (HSP). Several T. indotineae isolates demonstrated a heat-dependent increase of Erg11B transcripts combined with downregulation of Erg1, suggesting a protective role for Erg11B. They also showed persistent upregulation of MFS1. The addition of fluconazole or voriconazole induced the expression of Erg11A, MDR3 and, to a lesser extent, Erg11B and Erg1. The azole-resistant erg1Ala448Thr mutant UKJ 476/21 exhibited exceptionally high transcript levels of sterol 14-αdemethylase Erg11B, combined with the inability of HSP60 and HSP90 to respond to increasing growth temperatures. Itraconazole demonstrated similar effects in a few T. indotineae isolates, but terbinafine did not enhance Erg1 transcription at all. Overexpression of Erg11B may explain the multiple azole resistance phenotype, whereas Erg11B point mutations are not associated with resistance to azoles used for medical treatment.
Air-Pollution-Mediated Microbial Dysbiosis in Health and Disease: Lung–Gut Axis and Beyond
Authors: Mazumder Md Habibul Hasan , Hussain Salik
Published: October 2024

Growing evidence suggests physiological and pathological functions of lung and gut microbiomes in various pathologies. Epidemiological and experimental data associate air pollution exposure with host microbial dysbiosis in the lungs and gut. Air pollution through increased reactive oxygen species generation, the disruption of epithelial barrier integrity, and systemic inflammation modulates microbial imbalance. Microbiome balance is crucial in regulating inflammation and metabolic pathways to maintain health. Microbiome dysbiosis is proposed as a potential mechanism for the air-pollution-induced modulation of pulmonary and systemic disorders. Microbiome-based therapeutic approaches are increasingly gaining attention and could have added value in promoting lung health. This review summarizes and discusses air-pollution-mediated microbiome alterations in the lungs and gut in humans and mice and elaborates on their role in health and disease. We discuss and summarize the current literature, highlight important mechanisms that lead to microbial dysbiosis, and elaborate on pathways that potentially link lung and lung microbiomes in the context of environmental exposures. Finally, we discuss the lung–liver–gut axis and its potential pathophysiological implications in air-pollution-mediated pathologies through microbial dysbiosis.
The Assessment of Land Suitability for Urban Expansion and Renewal for Coastal Urban Agglomerations: A Pilot Study of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
Authors: Pan Tingting , Yan Fengqin , Su Fenzhen , Xu Liang
Published: October 2024

Effectively and rationally allocating land resources, while coordinating urban expansion with internal renewal strategies, is crucial for achieving high-quality regional development in coastal urban agglomerations. Land-use suitability assessment (LSA) is a key method for coastal land-use planning, but it is primarily used to delineate ecological redlines or areas for urban expansion, often overlooking the spatial analysis needed for urban renewal. This is particularly critical in coastal urban agglomerations facing land scarcity and ecological fragility. Here, we combined land use and the Analytical Hierarchical Process (to consider stakeholder priorities) in a Minimum cumulative resistance model (MCRM) to determine suitable coastal urban growth and renewal based on a suite of 12 indicators relevant to development intensity and stock space. Application to the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) indicates a dominance of the Ecological Buffer Zone (70.5%), and the available stock space in the GBA comprises only 9.2% of the total area. Our modeling framework tailored different development strategies for different cities: Huizhou and Zhaoqing had space for urban expansion to varying degrees, while other cities were found to be suitable for urban renewal due to low stock space and high development intensity. Our modeling approach, incorporating stakeholder input and objective evaluation of geographic land-use information, can assist planners in improving ecological security while promoting high-quality developments in coastal areas.
A Coupled Model for Forecasting Spatiotemporal Variability of Regional Drought in the Mu Us Sandy Land Using a Meta-Heuristic Algorithm
Authors: Tong Changfu , Hou Hongfei , Zheng Hexiang , Wang Ying , Liu Jin
Published: October 2024

Vegetation plays a vital role in terrestrial ecosystems, and droughts driven by rising temperatures pose significant threats to vegetation health. This study investigates the evolution of vegetation drought from 2010 to 2024 and introduces a deep-learning-based forecasting model for analyzing regional spatial and temporal variations in drought. Extensive time-series remote-sensing data were utilized, and we integrated the Temperature–Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI), Drought Severity Index (DSI), Evaporation Stress Index (ESI), and the Temperature–Vegetation–Precipitation Dryness Index (TVPDI) to develop a comprehensive methodology for extracting regional vegetation drought characteristics. To mitigate the effects of regional drought non-stationarity on predictive accuracy, we propose a coupling-enhancement strategy that combines the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) with the Informer model, enabling more precise forecasting of long-term regional drought variations. Unlike conventional deep-learning models, this approach introduces rapid convergence and global search capabilities, utilizing a sparse self-attention mechanism that improves performance while reducing model complexity. The results demonstrate that: (1) compared to the traditional Transformer model, test accuracy is improved by 43%; (2) the WOA–Informer model efficiently handles multi-objective forecasting for extended time series, achieving MAE (Mean Absolute Error) ≤ 0.05, MSE (Mean Squared Error) ≤ 0.001, MSPE (Mean Squared Percentage Error) ≤ 0.01, and MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) ≤ 5%. This research provides advanced predictive tools and precise model support for long-term vegetation restoration efforts.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Compression Therapy Combined with Exercises Versus Exercises Only Among Lipedema Patients Using Various Outcome Measures
Authors: Czerwińska Monika , Gruszecki Marcin , Rumiński Jacek , Hansdorfer-Korzon Rita
Published: October 2024

The treatment of lipedema remains challenging, largely due to widespread misconceptions. Selecting the appropriate treatment method necessitates the use of accurate outcome measures. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of compression therapy combined with exercises versus exercises alone in lipedema patients using various outcome measures. Twenty-four women with lipedema were divided into two equal groups: one group received compression therapy plus exercises while the other group performed exercises only. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed before and after the intervention using several measures: an SF-36 questionnaire, a symptom severity survey, circumference (via 3D scanning), and body composition analysis. Significant improvements were observed in the SF-36 Physical Functioning and SF-36 Energy/Fatigue scores among participants in the compression group. Additionally, there was a reduction in the heaviness of extremities, the disproportion between the trunk and limbs, and the level of swelling in the compression therapy. Circumferences decreased in both groups. Although more circumferences were significantly reduced in the compression group, the reduction at the point above the knee was greater in the non-compression group. Compression therapy is an effective treatment for lipedema. Various measures, such as quality-of-life questionnaires and symptom severity surveys, can be used as valuable tools for assessing the effectiveness of lipedema treatment.
Lower Levels of Vitamin D Are Associated with Higher Vasoactive–Inotropic Scores in Major Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Stef Adrian , Bodolea Constantin , Cainap Simona Sorana , Muntean Monica , Solomonean Aurelia Georgeta , Tintiuc Nadina , Mada Razvan Olimpiu , Cismaru Gabriel
Published: October 2024

Background: The vasoactive–inotropic score (VIS) predicts unfavorable outcomes after cardiac surgery in both children and adults. In our adult population, we investigated whether preoperative levels of vitamin D can predict the VIS and whether both vitamin D and the VIS can predict adverse outcomes following major heart surgery. Methods: Between 1 October 2021 and 28 February 2022, 300 patients underwent major cardiac surgery at our institution. Eighty-three of them had their 25-OH vitamin D levels measured before surgery. For this cohort, we calculated the VIS based on doses of vasoactive and inotropic medications administered post-surgery. Utilizing receiver operating curves, the predictive accuracy of vitamin D levels and the VIS in predicting acute kidney injury was assessed. Results: The median age of the cohort was 66 (IQR 61–71) years, with 59% being male and a median BMI of 28.4 (IQR 25.2–31.6). The most common procedures were aortic valve replacement, mitral valve replacement, coronary artery bypass grafting, aortic valve and ascending aorta repair, and ASD correction. There was a significant difference in the postoperative VIS between patients with vitamin D deficiency, i.e., <20 ng/mL, and patients with vitamin D values > 20 ng/mL (3.5 vs. 1.3 p < 0.04). We also found a significant correlation between the VIS and the days of hospitalization (r = 0.335; p = 0.002), the days of stay in the intensive care unit (r = 0.547; p < 0.00001), and the mechanical ventilation time (r = 0.327; p = 0.025). Both vitamin D levels and the VIS predicted postoperative acute kidney injury (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is correlated with the VIS in adults undergoing major cardiac surgery. Both vitamin D levels and the VIS can predict unfavorable postoperative outcomes.
The Current State of Lymphedema Surgery
Authors: McGinity Erin N. , Bray William F. , Granzow Jay W.
Published: October 2024

Lymphedema surgeries have been proven effective in treating lymphedema and are not considered experimental or unproven. The medical literature consistently supports the safe and successful use of physiologic drainage lymphedema surgeries such as lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA), vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT), and reductive surgeries such as suction-assisted protein lipectomy (SAPL) when performed by an experienced lymphedema surgery team to treat properly selected patients. Proper integration of lymphedema therapy is critical to achieving successful outcomes. We review effective lymphedema surgeries, their indications, patient selection, and the proper application of surgical treatments to achieve optimal results.
Experimental Study of an Industrial Data Transmission Network in the Automatic Control System of a Wind Turbine
Authors: Fazylova Alina , Tultayev Baurzhan , Iliev Teodor , Stoyanov Ivaylo , Kabasheva Mirey , Kosunalp Selahattin
Published: October 2024

This article explores and optimizes network technologies for wind energy systems, focusing on the RS-485 interface to ensure reliable data transmission in extreme conditions. The study aims to address the impact of various distortions on data quality and wind turbine management. A system was proposed with two wind turbines, each equipped with a Raspberry Pi 4, connected to sensors measuring temperature, vibration, and wind speed. The research examined how data transmission rates affect signal shape, calculating the distortion coefficient. At 460,800 baud, the signal was almost completely distorted, with significant amplitude loss. The distortion coefficients were 1.84 for logic ‘1’ and 1.92 for logic ‘0’. The optimal speed to minimize distortions was found to be 19,200 baud, providing the most stable signal. Additionally, temperature significantly impacted transmission quality, highlighting the need to consider climatic conditions in system design. The findings and methods can help improve existing data transmission systems and enhance wind turbine performance.
LSTM-Inversion-Based Feedforward–Feedback Nanopositioning Control
Authors: Yin Ruocheng , Ren Juan
Published: October 2024

This work proposes a two-degree of freedom (2DOF) controller for motion tracking of nanopositioning devices, such as piezoelectric actuators (PEAs), with a broad bandwidth and high precision. The proposed 2DOF controller consists of an inversion feedforward controller and a real-time feedback controller. The feedforward controller, a sequence-to-sequence LSTM-based inversion model (invLSTMs2s), is used to compensate for the nonlinearity of the PEA, especially at high frequencies, and is collaboratively integrated with a linear MPC feedback controller, which ensures the PEA position tracking performance at low frequencies. Therefore, the proposed 2DOF controller, namely, invLSTMs2s+MPC, is able to achieve high precision over a broad bandwidth. To validate the proposed controller, the uncertainty of invLSTMs2s is checked such that the integration of an inversion model-based feedforward controller has a positive impact on the trajectory tracking performance compared to feedback control only. Experimental validation on a commercial PEA and comparison with existing approaches demonstrate that high tracking accuracies can be achieved by invLSTMs2s+MPC for various reference trajectories. Moreover, invLSTMs2s+MPC is further demonstrated on a multi-dimensional PEA platform for simultaneous multi-direction positioning control.
Variational Bayesian EM Algorithm for Quantile Regression in Linear Mixed Effects Models
Authors: Wang Weixian , Tian Maozai
Published: October 2024

This paper extends the normal-beta prime (NBP) prior to Bayesian quantile regression in linear mixed effects models and conducts Bayesian variable selection for the fixed effects of the model. The choice of hyperparameters in the NBP prior is crucial, and we employed the Variational Bayesian Expectation–Maximization (VBEM) for model estimation and variable selection. The Gibbs sampling algorithm is a commonly used Bayesian method, and it can also be combined with the EM algorithm, denoted as GBEM. The results from our simulation and real data analysis demonstrate that both the VBEM and GBEM algorithms provide robust estimates for the hyperparameters in the NBP prior, reflecting the sparsity level of the true model. The VBEM and GBEM algorithms exhibit comparable accuracy and can effectively select important explanatory variables. The VBEM algorithm stands out in terms of computational efficiency, significantly reducing the time and resource consumption in the Bayesian analysis of high-dimensional, longitudinal data.
Data-Driven Prescribed Performance Platooning Control Under Aperiodic Denial-of- Service Attacks
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Zhenling , Che Weiwei
Published: October 2024

This article studies a data-driven prescribed performance platooning control method for nonlinear connected automated vehicle systems (CAVs) under aperiodic denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Firstly, the dynamic linearization technique is employed to transform the nonlinear CAV system into an equivalent linearized data model. Secondly, to improve the system’s transient performance, a prescribed performance transformation (PPT) scheme is proposed to transform the constrained output into the unconstrained one. In addition, an attack compensation mechanism is designed to reduce the adverse impact. Combining the PPT scheme and the attack compensation mechanism, the data-driven adaptive platooning control scheme is proposed to achieve the vehicular tracking control task. Lastly, the merits of the developed control method are illustrated by an actual simulation.
Characteristics of Inherited Metabolic Disorders Following Kidney Transplantation: A 13-Year Observational Study
Authors: Dickson Kirsty , Wu Henry H. L. , Sharma Reena , Stepien Karolina M. , Jovanovic Ana , Chinnadurai Rajkumar
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives: Inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs), primarily cystinosis, Fabry disease, and methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), are genetic conditions that typically result in multi-organ disease manifestations. Kidney function progressively deteriorates in many cases, with patients eventually reaching end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and requiring renal replacement therapy. Kidney transplantation has been deemed the optimal renal replacement therapy option to achieve long-term survival in patients with IMD. Whilst improved long-term survival is expected, the patterns of clinical evolution for IMD after transplantation remain largely unknown. Methods: Our group conducted a retrospective observational study that included 37 adult patients with IMD (11 with cystinosis, 20 with Fabry disease, and 6 with MMA). The study evaluated the clinical status and progression of these patients following kidney transplantation between January 2010 and December 2023. Results: This generally resulted in good graft outcomes for patients with IMD. Standard immunosuppression regimes included tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisolone. The mean graft survival duration was noted to be 12 years in patients with cystinosis, 11 years in patients with Fabry disease, and 7 years in patients with MMA. Suboptimal outcomes were noted with grafts of cadaveric origin and poor adherence to the prescribed post-transplant immunosuppression regime. A greater extra-renal morbidity burden was associated with a reduced duration of graft function and increased mortality in patients with IMD. Conclusions: Our findings emphasise the need for a multi-disciplinary approach in the care of IMD patients following kidney transplantation.
Parametric Analysis and Improvement of the Johnson-Cook Model for a TC4 Titanium Alloy
Authors: Yin Wangtian , Liu Yongbao , He Xing , Tian Zegang
Published: October 2024

Titanium alloys are widely used in the manufacture of gas turbines’ compressor blades. Elucidating their mechanical behavior and strength under damaged conditions is the key to evaluating the equipment’s reliability. However, the conventional Johnson-Cook (J-C) constitutive model has limitations in describing the dynamic response of titanium alloy materials under the impact of a high strain rate. In order to solve this problem, the mechanical behavior of a TC4 titanium alloy under high strain rate and different temperature conditions was analyzed by combining experiments and numerical simulations. In this study, the parameters of the J-C model were analyzed in detail, and an improved J-C constitutive model is proposed, based on the new mechanism of the strain rate strengthening effect and the temperature softening effect, which improves the accuracy of the description of strain sensitivity and temperature dependence. Finally, the VUMAT subroutine of ABAQUS software was used for numerical simulation, and the predictive ability of the improved model was verified. The simulation results showed that the maximum prediction error of the traditional J-C model was 23.6%, while the maximum error of the improved model was reduced to 5.6%. This indicates that the improved J-C constitutive model can more accurately predict the mechanical response of a titanium alloy under an impact load and provides a theoretical basis for the study of the mechanical properties of titanium alloy blades under subsequent conditions of foreign object damage.
Fungal Extracellular Vesicles: Isolation, Characterization, and the Immune System Response
Authors: Ikeda Marcelo Augusto Kazuo , Campos Renato Massis Souza , Da Silva Jennifer Lacerda , Ferreira Karen Spadari
Published: October 2024

Like other organisms, fungi produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are involved in various biological processes, including intercellular communication and the transport of molecules between cells. These EVs can be applied in fungal pathogenesis, virulence, and interactions with other organisms, including host cells, in the case of fungal infections. While some types of mycoses are relatively common and easily treatable, certain neglected mycoses pose significant public health challenges, such as sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis. These infectious diseases can cause significant morbidity and disability, leading to a reduced quality of life for the patients. So, research about the virulence factor is essential to understand how fungi escape the immune system. In this context, this manuscript reviews the study of fungal EVs, their cargo, how they are obtained, and their role during the infectious process, which is extremely important for understanding this neglected mycosis.
Exopolysaccharide-Producing Bacteria Regulate Soil Aggregates and Bacterial Communities to Inhibit the Uptake of Cadmium and Lead by Lettuce
Authors: Zhang Heyun , Wang Ke , Liu Xinru , Yao Lunguang , Chen Zhaojin , Han Hui
Published: October 2024

The accumulation of heavy metals in the soil not only causes serious damage to the soil ecosystem, but also threatens human health through the food chain. Exopolysaccharides have the functions of adsorbing and chelating heavy metals and reducing their bioavailability in the soil. In our study, exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria with a high efficiency in adsorbing cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were screened from heavy metal-contaminated farmland. Through pot experiments, the influence of functional strains on the size distribution, heavy metal content, and bacterial community structure of soil aggregates in lettuce was studied using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results show that 11 strains secreting exopolysaccharides were initially screened from heavy metal-contaminated soil. Among them, strain Z23 had a removal rate of 88.6% for Cd and 93.2% for Pb. The rate at which Cd was removed by strain Z39 was 92.3%, and the rate at which Pb was removed was 94.4%. Both strains belong to Bacillus sp. Strains Z23 and Z39 induced the formation of Fe2Pb(PO4)2, Cd2(PO4)2, and Pb2O3 in the solution. The pot experiments showed that strains Z23 and Z39 increased (19.1~23.9%) the dry weight and antioxidant enzyme activity of lettuce roots and leaves, while reducing (40.1~61.7%) the content of Cd and Pb. Strains Z23 and Z39 increased the proportion of microaggregates (<0.25 mm) and the content of exopolysaccharides in rhizosphere soil and reduced (38.4–59.7%) the contents of available Cd and Pb in microaggregates, thus inhibiting the absorption of heavy metals by lettuce. In addition, the exopolysaccharide content and the bacterial community associated with heavy metal resistance and nitrogen (N) cycling (Patescibacteria, Saccharimonadales, Microvirga, and Pseudomonas) in microaggregates were key factors affecting the available heavy metal content in soil. These results show that the exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria Z23 and Z39 reduced the absorption of Cd and Pb by lettuce tissues, thus providing strain resources for the safe utilization of soils that exceed heavy metal standards for farmland and for reducing the heavy metal content in vegetables.
Geochemistry and Zircon U–Pb Chronology of Jinchanshan Gold-Hosted Granitoids, Inner Mongolia: Implications for Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Evolution
Authors: Shi Yujiao , Wang Jianchao , Liao Qian , Wei Wenguang , Zhou Qiming , Tang Yanping , Tian Yi , Li Jiacai , Bute Saleh Ibrahim , Lu Yigan
Published: October 2024

Jinchanshan is a medium-sized, granitoid-hosted gold deposit located in the Kalaqin area of Inner Mongolia. Mineralization predominantly occurs in the contact zone between biotite granites and quartz porphyry rocks, associated with the Jinchanshan minor intrusion, suggesting a genetic link to the granitoid-hosted gold deposit. In this study, the petrography, geochemistry, and LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb chronology of these two granitoid samples were studied. The results indicate that the zircon U–Pb age of the biotite granites is 127.9 ± 3.0 Ma, while that of the quartz porphyry is 121.4 ± 1.5 Ma, both dating back to the Early Cretaceous. The average SiO2 content of the granites is 66.64%, and the rocks have high total alkali (K2O + Na2O) content, averaging 9.13%. The average K2O content is 4.39%, with a K2O/Na2O ratio of 0.93. The quartz porphyry rocks are enriched in SiO2 (74.41%–76.85%) and have high Na2O + K2O content (8.67%–9.59%), but are low in MgO (0.03%–0.09%), CaO (0.44%–1.02 %), and TiO2 (0.08%–0.12%). Most samples of the biotite granite and the quartz porphyry rocks exhibit high-K peraluminous and medium-K calc-alkaline characteristics, respectively. Both rock types are enriched in Rb, Th, U, K, Zr, Hf, and Gd and relatively depleted in Ba, Sr, P, Ti, Nb, Ta, and Eu, with a pronounced negative Eu anomaly. The biotite granites show high ∑LREE/∑HREE ratios (6.1–6.9), while the quartz porphyry rocks exhibit lower ratios (2.0–4.2). Both granitoid types have elevated FeOT content and FeOT/(FeOT + MgO) ratios, indicating that the Jinchanshan granitoids are A-type granites. The zircon U–Pb ages, combined with the regional tectonic settings, suggest that these granitoids formed during large-scale metallogenic events in the Early Cretaceous, within the Yanshanian post-orogenic extensional tectonic regime. This is consistent with the lithospheric thinning and extensional processes in Eastern China during this period.
Evaluation of Clayey Raw Materials and Ceramic Masses from Ceramic Building Material Companies Located in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Correia Gricirene Sousa , Vaz Thales Henrique Silva , da Costa Fabiana Pereira , da Silva Mauro Francisco Pinheiro , da Silva Wellington Marcos , Paiva Antonio Ernandes Macêdo , Cabral Aluísio Alves , Rodrigues Alisson Mendes
Published: October 2024

The challenge of improving the quality of ceramic products is faced worldwide, especially in areas where artisanal production is common and the need for in-depth knowledge about raw materials, together with inefficient production processes, limits the advancement of the ceramic industry. Scientifically, detailed investigation of ceramic masses’ physical, chemical and mechanical properties can provide essential insights to optimize production, contribute to developing more advanced and sustainable techniques, and increase competitiveness. This study evaluated raw clay materials and ceramic masses obtained from northeastern Brazilian, focusing on their chemical composition, mineralogical phases, thermal behavior, and particle size distribution. Rectangular samples (80 mm × 20 mm × 7 mm) prepared using uniaxial pressing (25 MPa by 30 s) were fired at different temperatures (950 and 1050 °C) and linear shrinkage, flexural strength, water absorption, and apparent porosity measurements were taken. The results showed that the companies still need to improve the production process to meet the minimum strength requirement of 1.5 MPa according to the Brazilian standard NBR 15270.
Modeling and Simulation of Material Type Effects on the Mechanical Behavior of Crankshafts in Internal Combustion Engines
Authors: Nazha Hasan Mhd , Adrah Muhsen , Osman Thaer , Shash Maysaa , Juhre Daniel
Published: October 2024

This research aims to study the mechanical behavior of the materials most commonly used in crankshaft manufacturing by designing a four-piston crankshaft, analyzing the stresses and displacements resulting from the applied load, and determining vibration frequencies. Additionally, this study examines the thermal behavior of the crankshaft. For this purpose, a three-dimensional model of the crankshaft was designed using CATIA V5 R18 software, and finite element analysis was subsequently performed using ANSYS 2019 R1 software under static, dynamic, and thermal conditions with four different materials in various orientations. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed design, it was compared with a reference design in terms of stresses and displacements. This study also explores improvements in crankshaft geometry and shape. The results indicate that selecting the appropriate material for the working conditions and optimizing the geometry and shape enhance engine performance and reduce the crankshaft’s weight by 20%. The findings were validated by comparing the designs, which support increased productivity and improved durability.
Statistical Modeling and Probable Calculation of the Strength of Materials with Random Distribution of Surface Defects
Authors: Kvit Roman , Pukach Petro , Salo Tetyana , Vovk Myroslava
Published: October 2024

Based on the solutions of deterministic fracture mechanics and the methods of probability theory, the algorithm for calculating the probabilistic strength characteristics of plate elements of structures with an arbitrary stochastic distribution of surface defects is outlined. On the plate surface, there are uniformly distributed cracks that do not interact with each other, the plane of which is normal to the surface, and the depth is much less than its length on the surface. The cracks’ depth and angle of orientation are random values, and their joint distribution density is specified. Plates made of this material are under the influence of biaxial loading. The probability of failure, along with the mean value, the dispersion, and the variation coefficient of the plate’s strength, taking into account the surface defects under different types of stress, were determined. Their dependence on the type of loading, the size of the plate, and the surface structural heterogeneity of the material were studied graphically. Joint consideration of the influence of the interrelated properties of real materials, such as defectiveness and stochasticity, on strength and fracture, opens up new opportunities in creating a theory of strength and fracture of deformable solids.
Targeted Polariton Flow Through Tailored Photonic Defects
Authors: Rozas Elena , Brune Yannik , West Ken , Baldwin Kirk W. , Pfeiffer Loren N. , Beaumariage Jonathan , Alnatah Hassan , Snoke David W. , Aßmann Marc
Published: October 2024

In non-Hermitian open quantum systems, such as polariton condensates, the local tailoring of gains and losses opens up an interesting possibility to realize functional optical elements. Here, we demonstrate that deliberately introducing losses via a photonic defect, realized by reducing the quality factor of a DBR mirror locally within an ultrahigh-quality microcavity, may be utilized to create directed polariton currents towards the defect. We discuss the role of polariton–polariton interactions in the process and how to tailor the effective decay time of a polariton condensate by coupling it to the defect. Our results highlight the far-reaching potential of non-Hermitian physics in polaritonics.
The Alteration of Microglial Calcium Homeostasis in Central Nervous System Disorders: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Hasan Al Riyad , Tasnim Faria , Aktaruzzaman Md. , Islam Md. Tarikul , Rayhan Rifat , Brishti Afrina , Hur Junguk , Porter James E. , Raihan Md. Obayed
Published: October 2024

Microglia, the unique and motile immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), function as a security guard in maintaining CNS homeostasis, primarily through calcium signaling. The calcium dynamics in microglia control important functions such as phagocytosis, cytokine release, and migration. Calcium dysregulation in microglia has been linked to several CNS disorders, like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and ischemic stroke (IS). Calcium entering through channels such as voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels is essential for microglial activation and pro-inflammatory responses. Under pathological conditions, like the formation of amyloid-β plaques in AD, aggregation of α-synuclein in PD, and oxidative stress in MS, calcium dysregulation exacerbates neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neurodegeneration. Therapeutic strategies targeting calcium signaling pathways, using calcium channel blockers and antioxidant interventions, show promise for alleviating microglial activation and slowing down disease progression. This review summarizes the underlying mechanisms of microglial calcium dysregulation and potential therapeutic benefits for restoring microglial calcium balance in CNS disorders.
UBL3 Interacts with PolyQ-Expanded Huntingtin Fragments and Modifies Their Intracellular Sorting
Authors: Oyama Soho , Zhang Hengsen , Ferdous Rafia , Tomochika Yuna , Chen Bin , Jiang Shuyun , Islam Md. Shoriful , Hasan Md. Mahmudul , Zhai Qing , Waliullah A. S. M. , Ping Yashuang , Yan Jing , Mimi Mst. Afsana , Zhang Chi , Aramaki Shuhei , Takanashi Yusuke , Kahyo Tomoaki , Hashizume Yoshio , Kaneda Daita , Setou Mitsutoshi
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: UBL3 (Ubiquitin-like 3) is a protein that plays a crucial role in post-translational modifications, particularly in regulating protein transport within small extracellular vesicles. While previous research has predominantly focused on its interactions with α-synuclein, this study investigates UBL3’s role in Huntington’s disease (HD). HD is characterized by movement disorders and cognitive impairments, with its pathogenesis linked to toxic, polyglutamine (polyQ)-expanded mutant huntingtin fragments (mHTT). However, the mechanisms underlying the interaction between UBL3 and mHTT remain poorly understood. Methods: To elucidate this relationship, we performed hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) on postmortem brain tissue from HD patients. Gaussia princeps-based split-luciferase complementation assay and co-immunoprecipitation were employed to confirm the interaction between UBL3 and mHTT. Additionally, we conducted a HiBiT lytic detection assay to assess the influence of UBL3 on the intracellular sorting of mHTT. Finally, immunocytochemical staining was utilized to validate the colocalization and distribution of these proteins. Results: Our findings revealed UBL3-positive inclusions in the cytoplasm and nuclei of neurons throughout the striatum of HD patients. We discovered that UBL3 colocalizes and interacts with mHTT and modulates its intracellular sorting. Conclusions: These results suggest that UBL3 may play a significant role in the interaction and sorting of mHTT, contributing to the understanding of its potential implications in the pathophysiology of Huntington’s disease.
Health Benefits Beyond the Scale: The Role of Diet and Nutrition During Weight Loss Programmes
Authors: Contreras Francisca , Al-Najim Werd , le Roux Carel W.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Obesity management strategies such as caloric restriction, very-low-calorie diets (VLCDs), and meal replacements can lead to moderate short-term weight loss. However, many patients face significant challenges in maintaining these results. Personalized interventions, including behavioral counseling and physical activity, have been shown to improve long-term adherence and success. Current clinical guidelines emphasize the pivotal role of dietitians in enhancing patient outcomes through nutritional therapy. When combined with pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery, the focus shifts from mere weight loss to broader health improvements. Methods: This review explores the evolving role of dietitians in obesity management, advocating for a shift from a weight-centric approach to a more holistic model that prioritizes overall health gains. Key areas of interest include dietetic interventions’ impact on metabolic health, cardiovascular function, gut microbiome balance, inflammation, and psychological well-being. Results: Dietetic interventions have been shown to provide significant health improvements beyond weight loss. These include enhanced metabolic and cardiovascular health, better gut microbiome balance, reduced inflammation, improved sleep quality, mental well-being, and overall quality of life. By focusing on non-scale victories such as improved insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, and mental health, dietitians play a crucial role in driving long-term success in obesity management. These outcomes highlight the need to shift the focus from short-term weight loss to a more comprehensive view of health gains. Conclusions: The role of dietitians in obesity management is expanding to encompass a more comprehensive and individualized approach. Moving beyond a focus on weight reduction, this paradigm promotes long-term, patient-centered strategies that address the multifactorial nature of obesity. By combining dietary changes with regular physical activity and behavioral support, dietitians can contribute to sustained health improvements, treating obesity as a chronic, complex disease.
Bifidobacterium lactis-Derived Vesicles Attenuate Hippocampal Neuroinflammation by Targeting IL-33 to Regulate FoxO6/P53 Signaling
Authors: Du Xiaoyu , Zhang Ming , Wang Ran , Zeng Zhaozhong , Zhao Wen , Fang Bing , Lan Hanglian , Hung Weilian , Gao Haina
Published: October 2024

Background: Hippocampal Neuroinflammation (HNF) is a critical driver of cognitive impairment. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) accumulate amyloid beta (Aβ) and lead to HNF. The Bifidobacterium lactis (BL) 99 have anti-inflammatory ability. However, whether BL99-derived microbiota-derived vesicles (MV) could alleviate LPS-induced HNF remains unclear. Methods: To investigate, we used ultrafiltration with ultracentrifuge to extract BL99-derived-MV (BL99-MV). We used hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells (HT22) to establish the LPS-induced HNF model, and explored whether BL99-MV alleviate LPS-induced HNF. Results: The confocal microscopy showed that BL99-MV were taken up by HT22 and reduced the oxidative stress (ROS) level. The PCR showed that BL99-MV up-regulate IL-10 level, and down-regulate TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 4127 differentially expressed genes, with 2549 genes upregulated and 1578 genes downregulated in the BL99-MV group compared to the LPS group. Compared to the LPS group, BL99-MV decreased FoxO6, IL-33, P53, and NFκB expression, but increased FoxO1 and Bcl2 expression. The WB showed that BL99-MV modulated NFκB, FoxO6, P53, Caspase9, and Caspase3 protein expression by reducing IL-33 expression in HT22. The findings demonstrated IL-33 as a regulator for FoxO6/P53 signaling. Conclusions: Here, we hypothesized that BL99-MV alleviated LPS-induced HNF to promote HT22 survival and synaptic development by regulating FoxO6/P53 signaling by targeting IL-33.
An Analysis Through to Congruence Between Real and Self-Perceived Body Mass Index in Nursing Students
Authors: López-Bueno Marta , Navarro-Prado Silvia , Fernández-Aparicio Ángel , Mohatar-Barba Miriam , López-Olivares María , Enrique-Mirón Carmen
Published: October 2024

Background/objectives: Overweight and obesity are growing concerns that also affect nursing staff, healthcare professionals that play a critical role in public health awareness and intervention. This study aimed to define the health parameters associated with body weight, analyze if there is an erroneous self-perception of overweight/obesity through the distortion of body weight perception, and determine the predictive factors of body weight distortion. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 224 nursing students gathered anthropometric and demographic data. Self-perceived body weight was assessed using Stunkard and Stellar’s scale. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression identified significant predictors of weight distortion. Results: The analysis found that men reported greater weight discrepancies than women. Specifically, 57% of the men (28 of 49 participants) underestimated their real BMI, while only 23% of the women (40 of 175 participants) did so. Age, sex, and weight classification emerged as significant explanatory variables for the distortion of body weight perception. Conclusions: The findings indicate a significant vulnerability among nursing students to the misperception of their own body weight status, highlighting the need for targeted training strategies. These strategies should focus on correcting misperceptions of obesity among health professionals throughout their working life to improve future obesity prevention efforts for society.
Child-Centered Care: A Qualitative Study Exploring Pediatric Hospitalization Through Children’s Perspectives
Authors: Sillero Sillero Amalia , Ayuso Margañon Raquel , Marques-Sule Elena , Gil Poisa María
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Hospitalization can be stressful for children due to the influence of unfamiliar environments, separation from family, and interactions with healthcare professionals. This study aimed to explore children’s hospitalization experiences from a child-centered care perspective to develop interventions that better meet their emotional and psychological needs. Methods: This qualitative study employed Husserl’s descriptive phenomenology to explore hospitalization experiences among children aged 9–13 years. Conducted at a primary health center in Spain from October 2022 to June 2023, the study used purposive sampling to select participants hospitalized within the past six months. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and children’s self-created drawings, analyzed using thematic analysis with ATLAS.ti software. Results: A total of 10 school-age children (five boys and five girls) were interviewed. Three main themes emerged: (1) Emotions and Feelings—children described fear, anxiety, and loneliness during their hospital stay; (2) Experiences of Pain and Discomfort—participants reported physical pain and discomfort; (3) Interactions with Medical Staff—children expressed a need for more detailed explanations and clearer communication. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of family-centered care and improved communication between healthcare providers and children. Strategies like art therapy and flexible visiting hours could provide better emotional support. Tailored communication to children’s developmental levels is crucial. Integrating these strategies into clinical practice could enhance the well-being of hospitalized children. Future research should focus on evaluating these interventions to improve pediatric care.
Serological Evidence of Potential Marburg Virus Circulation in Livestock and Dogs in Ghana
Authors: Odoom Theophilus , Johnson Sherry Ama Mawuko , Tasiame William , Ziekah Meyir Y. , Abuh Joseph K. , Anderson Benita , Danso Fenteng , Abbiw Richard K. , Nuokpem Franklin Y. , Allegye-Cudjoe Emmanuel , Lewis Charles , Faburay Bonto
Published: October 2024

Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a zoonotic hemorrhagic disease with an estimated case fatality rate of up to 88%. Ghana recorded its first human MVD outbreak in June 2022 and although the outbreak was quickly brought under control, the transmission dynamics of the disease remained unclear. We assessed the presence of Marburg virus (MARV) antibodies in livestock and dogs and identified associated risk factors that increased the risk of these animals being exposed to MARV in five regions of Ghana. Sera collected from 3113 livestock and dogs in 2 climatic seasons (rainy and dry seasons) were tested for MARV antibodies using an indirect ELISA test. The samples were further tested using dot blotting to substantiate the presence of antibodies against MARV glycoprotein (GP). Overall, MARV antibodies were detected in 20.6% of the animals. The species-specific prevalence was 28.7% in cattle, 21.8% in sheep, 19.5% in goats, 15.3% in dogs and 11.2% in pigs. The seropositivity was higher in the rainy season [RR 1.5; 95% CI 1.3–1.8] and in older animals [RR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.9–3.4]. The findings underscore the importance of regular surveillance using the one health approach and future studies into the role of livestock and dogs as potential intermediaries in the circulation of MARV.
Aeromonas and mcr–3: A Critical Juncture for Transferable Polymyxin Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria
Authors: McDonald Nathan L. , Wareham David W. , Bean David C.
Published: October 2024

Polymyxin antibiotics B and colistin are considered drugs of last resort for the treatment of multi-drug and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. With the emergence and dissemination of multi-drug resistance, monitoring the use and resistance to polymyxins imparted by mobilised colistin resistance genes (mcr) is becoming increasingly important. The Aeromonas genus is widely disseminated throughout the environment and serves as a reservoir of mcr–3, posing a significant risk for the spread of resistance to polymyxins. Recent phylogenetic studies and the identification of insertion elements associated with mcr–3 support the notion that Aeromonas spp. may be the evolutionary origin of the resistance gene. Furthermore, mcr–3-related genes have been shown to impart resistance in naïve E. coli and can increase the polymyxin MIC by up to 64-fold (with an MIC of 64 mg/L) in members of Aeromonas spp. This review will describe the genetic background of the mcr gene, the epidemiology of mcr-positive isolates, and the relationship between intrinsic and transferable mcr resistance genes, focusing on mcr–3 and mcr–3-related genes.
Precise Reflectance/Transmittance Measurements of Highly Reflective Optics with Saturated Cavity Ring-Down Signals
Authors: Han Yanling , Li Bincheng , Wang Jing , Cui Hao , Wang Tianming
Published: October 2024

In this paper, a data processing approach was developed to accurately extract the ring-down time and amplitude of the saturated cavity ring-down (CRD) signal; both were utilized to determine simultaneously the high reflectance and residual transmittance of highly reflective (HR) mirrors with a dual-channel CRD configuration. The influence of saturation was eliminated by deleting the beginning saturated data points of the saturated CRD signal and fitting the remaining non-saturated CRD signal to a single-exponential function. By comparing the reflectance/transmittance measurement results of HR samples obtained via data processing of saturated CRD signals and via single-exponentially fitting non-saturated CRD signals with utilization of neutral density filter(s) to eliminate saturation, it was found that the reflectances obtained with both methods were in excellent agreement, while the residual transmittance obtained with the saturated CRD signal was more accurate than that obtained with the neutral-density-filter-attenuated non-saturated CRD signal. The proposed data processing method eliminated the need to use the neutral density filters, therefore avoiding the adding of the optical density error to the uncertainty of residual transmittance measurement and improving the measurement accuracy. The proposed data processing method also extended the dynamic range of the dual-channel CRD scheme for simultaneous measurement of reflectance, transmittance and optical loss.