bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Steuermoral in Westdeutschland nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg. Eine diskursanalytische Rekonstruktion
Authors: Schönhärl Korinna
Published: June 2019

Die Klage über mangelnde Steuermoral ist in der aktuellen Medienberichterstattung omnipräsent, aber sie ist nicht neu: Bereits kurz nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg wurde bemängelt, die Deutschen in den westlichen Besatzungszonen hinterzögen ihre Steuern. Verfiel die westdeutsche Steuermoral schon damals? Wie veränderte sie sich im Zeitraum zwischen 1945 und 1953? Nach einem kurzen Überblick über die Geschichte der interdisziplinären Steuermoralforschung und einigen methodischen Überlegungen, wie Historiker*innen die Entwicklung der Steuermoral qualitativ untersuchen können, wird im vorliegenden Aufsatz der Diskurs um das Steuerzahlen in der Nachkriegszeit analysiert. Durch die Analyse von Zeitungsberichten und Parlamentsdebatten werden drei unterschiedliche, konkurrierende Narrative identifiziert, die geeignet waren, ganz verschiedene »policy windows« zu öffnen. Die historische Untersuchung zeigt, dass Narrative über das (ehrliche) Steuerzahlen immer mit bestimmten politischen Interessen verknüpft sind - und dass sie deshalb auch im aktuellen Diskurs über das (ehrliche) Steuerzahlen sorgfältig analysiert werden sollten.
Reseña: Yván Pozuelo Andrés, Octubre de 1937. La tumba de la República. Se hizo medianoche en España, Oviedo, Sapere Aude, 2017
Authors: Morales Ruiz Juan José
Published: June 2019

Reseña del libro de Yván Pozuelo Andrés, "Octubre de 1937. La tumba de la República. Se hizo medianoche en España", Oviedo, Sapere Aude, 2017.Se trata de un ensayo histórico que analiza la caída del Frente Norte (21 de octubre de 1937) y la entrada en Gijón de las tropas rebeldes. Ese día el frente populista recibió una herida mortal, y las demás naciones lo dieron por derrotado.
Reseña: El impacto del terrorismo en Europa occidental. Cuadernos del Centro Memorial de las Víctimas del Terrorismo
Authors: Labiano Juangarcía Roncesvalles
Published: June 2019

Reseña de: El impacto del terrorismo en Europa occidental. Cuadernos del Centro Memorial de las Víctimas del Terrorismo, nº 4, octubre de 2017, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 188 pp., issn 2445-0774. Disponible en http://www.memorialvt.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cuaderno04.pdf
La rebelión de los Catedráticos de Instituto en Cuba (1868-1878) = The Rebellion of College Professors in Cuba (1868-1878)
Authors: Cañizares Márquez José Antonio
Published: June 2019

Tras los fracasados intentos de reforma colonial de la metrópoli española en la isla de Cuba en el siglo XIX, la Guerra de los Diez Años (1868-1878) representó la primera fase de una revolución independentista coordinada, de diferentes grupos organizados, en la que el papel de los catedráticos fue muy relevante. No obstante, existe un vacío en el trabajo historiográfico sobre el protagonismo político de los catedráticos de institutos en el proceso independentista. Resulta de sumo interés el estudio de estos actores para entender la política colonial de instrucción pública en Cuba, ya que durante la Guerra Grande el sesenta y cinco por ciento de los catedráticos fueron declarados insurrectos, acusados de delitos de infidencia, separados de sus cátedras, encarcelados y algunos ejecutados. Los objetivos de esta investigación no sólo pretenden contribuir al estudio del independentismo en Cuba sino que también pueden ayudar a consolidar los estudios de acción colectiva poco frecuentes en la historiografía española.After the unsuccessful attempts of colonial reform from the Spanish metropolis on the island of Cuba in the 19th century, the Ten Years’ War (1868-1878) represented the first phase of a coordinated independence revolution by different organized groups, in which the role of the professors was quite relevant. Nevertheless, there is a gap in the historiographic work about the political importance of these professors in the independence process. Therefore, it is highly relevant to study these actors to understand the colonial policy of public instruction in Cuba, due to the fact that sixty-five percent of the professors were declared insurgents, accused of treason, dispossessed of their positions, imprisoned and many of them were executed during the Great War. As a result, the objectives of this research are not only intended to contribute to the study of the independence movement in Cuba, but also help consolidate collective action studies that are uncommon in Spanish historiography.
Extração e estudo da cinética de secagem da fécula de batata-doce
Authors: Viana Karla Mamedes , Toniciolli Rigueto Cesar Vinicius , Borges Rafael Tomiyama , Ribeiro Chrystiellen Riama Martins , Geraldi Claudinéia Aparecida Queli
Published: June 2019

A realização desse trabalho objetivou a extração da fécula de batata doce e o estudo da cinética de secagem, avaliando também as suas características físico-químicas. A secagem da batata-doce foi realizada em estufa de circulação forçada de ar a temperatura de 60, 70 e 80°C. Para representar as curvas de secagem utilizaram-se modelos matemáticos existentes na literatura, os modelos utilizados foram o de Henderson e Pabis, Midilli e Kucuk e Page. Os modelos em estudo ajustaram-se bem aos dados experimentais, sendo que os modelos de Midilli e Kucuk e Page apresentaram um coeficiente de determinação acima de 0,99. A batata-doce apresentou um valor médio de cinzas de 0,22%, e um percentual de umidade de 4,44%, atendendo as especificações do Instituto Internacional em Amidos, Resolução CNNPA nº12 Anvisa/MS.
Educação ambiental na Amazônia brasileira: formação de disseminadores ambientais no entorno de unidades de conservação
Authors: Rocha Victor Nathan Lima da , Souza Wesley De
Published: June 2019

A educação ambiental tem potencial transformador na sensibilização de comunidades com objetivos de preservação ambiental, em especial em áreas legalmente protegidas, como é o caso de unidades de conservação. Diante disso, o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi desenvolver um projeto de formação de disseminadores ambientais no entorno da Reserva Biológica do Jaru, por meio de um curso de autoformação em comunidades escolares rurais. A Rebio do Jaru, UC de Proteção Integral, foi palco de diversos conflitos, disposta em uma área de relevante biodiversidade e endemismo na Amazônia Ocidental brasileira. Destarte, foram selecionadas três escolas rurais – inseridas numa faixa de 10-12 km do limite da UC –, com prévio diagnóstico ambiental, oficinas, encontros e palestras com diversos temas sobre o meio ambiente. As visitas realizadas foram mensais, com temas debatidos relacionados aos problemas ambientais locais elencados. Como resultados, o projeto realizou duas visitas técnicas a UC, sendo uma para os docentes e outra para os discentes envolvidos; as escolas, por iniciativa, realizaram feiras de ciências ambientais; os temas discutidos foram inseridos interdisciplinarmente nas matérias escolares e, como primazia, constatou-se a criação de afeto entre os professores/alunos envolvidos e a reserva, estreitando laços que anteriormente era somente geográfico. Conclui-se que o projeto obteve êxito, formando disseminadores ambientais tanto por meio dos docentes, como discente; cabe destacar que a viabilidade do projeto foi fruto da cooperação de diferentes agentes envolvidos (universidade, órgãos ambientais, conselhos e gestores políticos).
A qualidade da água de dessedentação animal e a preservação das áreas de preservação permanente
Authors: Bortoli Jaqueline de , Rempel Claudete , Maciel Mônica Jacheti , Quevedo Tavares Vitor Emanuel
Published: June 2019

No meio rural as interferências nos recursos hídricos estão relacionadas à destruição das áreas de preservação permanentes devido à utilização de agrotóxicos, manejo inadequado do gado e de seus dejetos. As áreas de preservação permanente (APPs) são fundamentais na busca pelo desenvolvimento sustentável, minimizam os impactos da ação pluvial, eólica no solo e garantem a preservação da biodiversidade, estabelecendo o equilíbrio do ambiente. O estudo objetivou analisar a qualidade físico-química e microbiológica das águas localizadas em área de preservação permanente (APP), destinadas à dessedentação animal em propriedades rurais produtoras de leite na região do Vale do Taquari-RS, verificando se há relação entre a qualidade da água e a vegetação nativa existente nessas localidades. Por meio de atividades in loco foi realizado, com o auxílio do GPS, o levantamento dos vértices das propriedades rurais delimitando os elementos naturais e demarcando os tipos de usos e coberturas da terra presentes na propriedade. As áreas de preservação permanentes foram delimitadas com base na legislação vigente (BRASIL, 2012). Nesses locais foram coletadas e analisadas amostras de água por meio de parâmetros físico-químicos (amônia, cor, ferro, turbidez, sólidos dissolvidos totais) e microbiológicos (coliformes totais e termotolerantes) com o uso do Kit de Potabilidade Alfakit® e equipamentos de leitura rápida. Os resultados das análises de água foram comparados com o valor máximo permitido de cada parâmetro estabelecido pela Resolução CONAMA no 357/2005 (classe 3). Diagnosticou-se que 33% das amostras enquadraram-se nos valores máximos permitidos pela legislação vigente quanto a qualidade da água e nessas áreas o percentual da APP coberta por vegetação nativa é inferior a 50% da área total. Conclui-se que é necessário elaborar e executar projetos que busquem a educação ambiental, para capacitar e conscientizar os produtores rurais.
Evaluation of the mycelial growth of Trametes villosa (Sw.) Kreisel in media supplemented with copper (II) and sugarcane vinasse
Authors: Caballero Rosa Elena , Miranda Mónica , Jiménez Víctor , González Pedro , Hofmann Tina
Published: June 2019

Se evaluó el efecto de distintos niveles de cobre (II) sobre la velocidad específica de crecimiento de Trametes villosa en medio PDA
4% y medio PDA 4% con 25% (v/v) de vinaza. La velocidad específica de crecimiento se obtuvo a partir de los datos de área micelial y de la ecuación para el modelo logístico de crecimiento. Las mejores condiciones para el crecimiento micelial fueron PDA 4% con 25% (v/v) de vinaza y niveles de cobre divalente de 0,5 y 1,0 mM. Estos resultados indican que, de acuerdo con las condiciones de cultivo utilizadas, ambos suplementos favorecen el crecimiento micelial y entregan información esencial para el desarrollo de potenciales procesos de reutilización y valorización de la vinaza.

The effect of different levels of copper (II) on the specific growth rate of Trametes villosa was evaluated. The strain was grown on
4% PDA and 4% PDA on a 25% (v/v) vinasse dilution. The specific growth rate was obtained from the mycelial area data which was modeled with the logistic equation. The best growth condition was 4% PDA in a 25% (v/v) vinasse dilution with copper (II) concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mM. These results indicate that under the utilized culture conditions, both supplements favor mycelial growth and provide essential information for potential processes of vinasse reuse and valorization.
El ex centro clandestino de detención Servicio de Informaciones como lugar de memoria en la ciudad argentina de Rosario: memoria(s) disputada(s) e institucionalización/normalización de las memorias
Authors: Cinto Agustina
Published: June 2019

El ex Servicio de Informaciones de la Policía de Santa Fe (SI) funcionó entre 1976 y 1979 como centro clandestino de detención (CCD) en la ciudad de Rosario, provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. En el mismo se estima que permaneció secuestrada la mayor cantidad de detenidos-desaparecidos en la región. En el año 2002 el ex CCD comienza a ser gestionado por diferentes organismos de Derechos Humanos locales, a través de un comodato concedido por el gobierno provincial. Tras el vencimiento del mismo en el año 2012 y luego de una serie de intervenciones arquitectónicas, el ex SI fue inaugurado por el gobierno de Santa Fe como Espacio de memoria en 2015. Teniendo como punto de partida el trabajo de campo antropológico que venimos realizando desde 2015 –que incluye observaciones participantes, entrevistas y análisis de documentos oficiales y periodísticos- nos interesa en este trabajo dar cuenta de diferentes momentos históricos por los que ha atravesado el ex CCD en términos de institucionalización y normalización, así como su constitución como lugar de memoria y algunas de las disputas memoriales que se han construido en torno a él. Finalmente, realizamos una serie de reflexiones teniendo en consideración la actual situación del ex SI.
Humanidades, un lugar contra el olvido. Etnografía sobre la tradición de las marcas de memoria y la revolución de palabras en La Plata-Argentina
Authors: Da Silva Catela Ludmila
Published: June 2019

En este texto me interesa analizar la génesis de un proceso de memoria singular generado por y en la Facultad de Humanidades de Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Focalizaré la mirada sobre la instalación de una placa con los nombres de desaparecidos en la Facultad de Humanidades de La Plata y sus derivaciones en el cambio de la institución universitaria a un predio donde había funcionado el ex Centro Clandestino de Detención BIM 3, para finalmente detenerme en la lucha por una pared donde se dirimieron y dirimen posturas políticas y conflictos de memoria a partir de tres murales. Estos pequeños actos que producen y resignifican un lugar de memoria peculiar, permiten desnaturalizar la idea de sitios de memorias como instituciones generadas a partir de políticas cristalizadas en determinadas instituciones, ya que la propia noción fue y es una construcción inestable, dónde se producen conquistas y se resuelven litigios, donde se lucha en un campo político atravesado por decisiones burocráticas, pero también por sentimientos y afectos colectivos.
(Des)habitar: la inscripción espacial de la desaparición forzada en la casa
Authors: Colombo Pamela
Published: June 2019

Aunque la desaparición forzada de personas suele asociarse con lugares extraños, lejanos e incluso irrepresentables, en Argentina -durante la dictadura militar (1976-1983)- los secuestros se sucedieron, en su gran mayoría, en las mismas casas donde vivían los desaparecidos. En este artículo se explorará cómo se reconfiguraron las dinámicas espacio-temporales del espacio de la casa luego del secuestro. El artículo aborda en un primer lugar las diferentes marcas de violencia que se imprimen sobre el espacio de la casa a partir del momento del secuestro. En la segunda parte, se propone el concepto de (des)habitar para explorar los modos en que se reconfiguró la ocupación del hogar luego del secuestro. En la tercera parte, se trabaja sobre las diferentes capas temporales que atraviesan la casa. En último lugar, se analizan las razones por las cuales incluso antes de que se sucediera el secuestro, las casas donde vivían militantes estaban ya fuera del orden previsto, al acoger en su interior familias “heterogéneas”, espacios “travestidos” y objetos prohibidos.
Microevolutionary processes on railway tracks in Geranium robertianum populations
Authors: Bemowska-Kałabun Olga , Wąsowicz Paweł , Napora-Rutkowski Łukasz , Nowak-Życzyńska Zuzanna , Wierzbicka Małgorzata
Published: June 2019

A strongly modified habitat can be treated as “research field”, where microevolutionary processes in plants take place and can be traced. One of such areas are railway tracks. Difficult conditions for plant growth prevail there, including: insolation, water shortage and pollutions. This leads to natural selection, which favors microevolutionary processes. Geranium robertianum L. plants were tested, which occur on railway tracks (“track populations”) and in forests (“forest populations”), of north-eastern Poland. Totally, the phenotypic and genotypic diversity was checked in 20 track populations and 18 forest populations. The aim of the research was to check what was the taxonomic rank of a different biotype of G. robertianum, which is growing on the railway tracks in the village of Waliły-Station. The plants from this population in comparison to other studied populations were: smaller, had much smaller (about twice) and darker leaves with an increased level of anthocyanins (higher by a few – over a dozen % from plants from other track populations and about 50% from plants from forest populations). These features were preserved in the next generation (F1). However, molecular studies (AFLP) showed that the population from Waliły was not genetically distinct from other studied populations. The taxonomic rank of G. robertianum plants from the track population of Waliły-Station should be described as “form”. It is possible that this new form of G. robertianum plants could have arisen as a result of the occurrence of epigenetic processes, which could increase the phenotypic variability in G. robertianum and accelerate the adaptation of these plants to adverse conditions. The obtained results are an example of the initial stage of the process of microevolution in plants in anthropogenically transformed areas.
PDIA1/P4HB is required for efficient proinsulin maturation and ß cell health in response to diet induced obesity
Authors: Jang Insook , Pottekat Anita , Poothong Juthakorn , Yong Jing , Lagunas-Acosta Jacqueline , Charbono Adriana , Chen Zhouji , Scheuner Donalyn L , Liu Ming , Itkin-Ansari Pamela , Arvan Peter , Kaufman Randal J
Published: June 2019

Regulated proinsulin biosynthesis, disulfide bond formation and ER redox homeostasis are essential to prevent Type two diabetes. In ß cells, protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1/P4HB), the most abundant ER oxidoreductase of over 17 members, can interact with proinsulin to influence disulfide maturation. Here we find Pdia1 is required for optimal insulin production under metabolic stress in vivo. ß cell-specific Pdia1 deletion in young high-fat diet fed mice or aged mice exacerbated glucose intolerance with inadequate insulinemia and increased the proinsulin/insulin ratio in both serum and islets compared to wildtype mice. Ultrastructural abnormalities in Pdia1-null ß cells include diminished insulin granule content, ER vesiculation and distention, mitochondrial swelling and nuclear condensation. Furthermore, Pdia1 deletion increased accumulation of disulfide-linked high molecular weight proinsulin complexes and islet vulnerability to oxidative stress. These findings demonstrate that PDIA1 contributes to oxidative maturation of proinsulin in the ER to support insulin production and ß cell health.
Spotting the “small eyes”: using photo-ID methodology to study a wild population of smalleye stingrays (Megatrygon microps) in southern Mozambique
Authors: Boggio-Pasqua Atlantine , Flam Anna L. , Marshall Andrea D.
Published: June 2019

Background

The smalleye stingray (Megatrygon microps) is a large and rare dasyatid ray, patchily distributed across the Indo-West Pacific. Free-swimming individuals have regularly been recorded in Southern Mozambican coastal waters utilizing different inshore environments. Distinctive features of the species include latitudinal rows of white spots on the dorsal surface of their pectoral disc.

Methods

This study aimed to determine if the natural spot patterns on M. microps are sufficiently unique and stable to use in photo-identification studies of wild populations. Research dive logs were combined with opportunistic photographs from local dive centers and recreational divers to create a photographic database from the Inhambane Province coastline.

Results

Seventy different individuals were identified over a 15-year period, all exhibiting uniquely identifiable patterns. Stingrays were easily identifiable over a period of six years with multiple re-sightings of the same individuals recorded. Analysis of encounters across the Inhambane coastline revealed that individual rays regularly use inshore reefs along a 350 km stretch of coastline. Fifteen stingrays were re-sighted during the study period, including one showing a 400 km return movement between Tofo Beach and the Bazaruto Archipelago, which is the longest distance traveled by a dasyatid ray on record. Several presumably pregnant females have also been recorded in the Bazaruto Archipelago National Park.
Non-traditional Route for Three Antifungal Drugs in Fungal Keratitis Treatment
Authors: Sedhom Christine R , Abdel-Rahman Mohamed S , Hussein Mohamed S
Published: June 2019

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the intrastromal route of antifungal drugs in treatment of fungal keratitis.

Study Design:  Prospective non-controlled (single arm) interventional clinical study Place and Duration of Study: Ophthalmology Department, Assiut University Hospital, between March 2016 to November 2017.

Methodology: Corneal scrapings for direct smears and cultures were done for eighteen eyes of 18 consecutive patients and intrastromal injections were given according to sensitivity results.

Results: After one month of follow up of the cases in this study, 33.3% of the cases had rapid complete cure and the rest had incomplete cure with resolution of ulcer sizes by 55.34% ±6.78 after one or more intrastromal injection of antifungal drugs.

Conclusion: Intrastromal injection of antifungal drugs in treatment of fungal keratitis shows promising results in advanced cases of fungal keratitis when combined with the topical route.
Influence of cultivation methods on the chemical and nutritional characteristics of Lentinula edodes
Authors: Cristiane Vieira Helm Fabiane Bach, , Charles Windsnon Isidoro Haminiuk Edson Alves De Lima, Marcelo Barba Bellettini,
Published: June 2019

Abstract: Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) is an edible mushroom with excellent nutritional potential, aroma and flavor. It’s traditionally produced on wood logs, but this practice has been replaced by cultivation on axenic substrates (AS) made from different materials that are stored in plastic bags. This papper aimed to evaluate the nutritional composition of L. edodes grown on Quercus acutíssima (QA) and AS by correlating their chemical composition with the media on which they were grown. Culture media were analyzed for their density, moisture content, ash, extractives, lignin (soluble and insoluble) and holocelulose before L. edodes inoculation, as well as after the second consecutive harvest this mushrooms. The mushrooms from the second harvest of each culture media were characterized regarding their moisture content, protein, ash, lipids, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble), α, β and glucanas total, carbohydrates and minerals. Mushrooms cultivated on AS showed higher protein content, macrominerals and lipids, when compared to mushrooms cultivated on QA. AS initially contained lower lignin content, less holocelulose and a reduced C:N ratio when compared to QA. The results showed that the composition of the culture medium influenced the nutritional composition of L. edodes mushrooms.
Characterization and influence of hydrocolloids on low caloric orange jellies
Authors: Lima Michelle Barbosa , Jerusa Josiane Francisca de Jesus Lima Flávia Mappa Domingos, , Monteiro Reginaldo de Souza , Santos Orlando David Henrique dos , Pereira Patrícia Aparecida Pimenta
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of hydrocolloids (low methoxyl pectin [LMP], guar gum, and carrageenan) on the characteristics of low caloric orange jellies. A mixture design with to 12 tests to determine properties of the jellies. Physical, physicochemical, and sensory analyses were performed. The results were analyzed by response surface methodology and a Tukey mean test at a significance level of 5% (p ≤ 0.05). The formulations with high LMP concentration resulted in low caloric orange jellies that have a rigid structure, light color, more acidic nature and exhibited optimal sensory acceptability. The jelly formulations with carrageenan concentration of 0.25% had lower total sugar values. Therefore, for the preparation of low caloric orange jellies, it is necessary to use LMP concentration between 0.75% and 1% and carrageenan concentration of 0%–0.25% as well as to exclude guar gum.
Effect of ultrasound pretreatment on the antioxidant capacity and antihypertensive activity of bioactive peptides obtained from the protein hydrolysates of Erythrina edulis
Authors: Guerra-Almonacid Carlos Martín , Torruco-Uco Juan Gabriel , Jonh Jairo Méndez-Arteaga Walter Murillo-Arango, , Rodríguez-Miranda Jesús
Published: June 2019

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of ultrasound pretreatment on enzymatic hydrolysis with Flavourzyme® and Alcalase® enzymes and the ACE-inhibitory activity and the antioxidant capacity of protein hydrolysates of Erythrina edulis. A protein concentration of 78.8% was obtained after sonicating the protein solutions (10%, w/v) for 10 min at 80 kHz and 100% amplitude. The ultrasonic pretreatment (UP) increased the degree of hydrolysis (47.7%) up to 70 min, the IC50 values in both samples [with (UP) and without pretreatment (WP)] were 100 μg/mL, and the UP samples presented the highest percentage of inhibition at 57.3%. The UP hydrolysates showed the highest (p < 0.05) antioxidant (ABTS*) and radical (DPPH*) - scavenging activities, with IC50 values ranging from 64.52 to 77.62 μg/mL and from 151.13 to 173.22 μg/mL, respectively. In SDS-PAGE, the hydrolysates UP exhibited low molecular weight bands (8 - 20 kDa). The results of both, antioxidants and antihypertensive activities obtained in vitro, showed a higher percentage of activity for the peptides obtained after pretreatment with ultrasound than for those obtained without the use of ultrasound prior to enzymatic hydrolysis.
Content release of extracellular vesicles in a cell‐free extract
Authors: Bonsergent Emeline , Lavieu Gregory
Published: June 2019

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) transfer molecules from donor to acceptor cells. The EV‐content delivery process within the acceptor cell is poorly characterized. We developed a new cell‐free assay to assess EV‐content release in vitro. We found that EV‐cytosolic cargoes are released from EVs when isolated vesicles are incubated with purified plasma membrane sheets at acidic pH, a characteristic of the endolysosomal environment. This process is protein dependent. Our results suggest that EV‐content delivery occurs within the endo/lysosomes of acceptor cells and is triggered by acidification. This process resembles virus content delivery and may require membrane fusion. The assay presented here will facilitate investigations into the core machinery and mechanisms underlying EV content delivery.
Advocate: Philadelphia smoking ban shuts some patients out of treatment
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: June 2019

A Philadelphia social worker and harm‐reduction advocate is continuing to question a ban on all smoking at city‐funded inpatient addiction treatment sites, stating that the gravity of the fentanyl crisis means the city should be removing and not erecting barriers to life‐saving drug treatment at this time.
Is generic buprenorphine film as good as Suboxone?
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2019

When Indivior's popular Suboxone film went off patent, Dr. Reddy's was ready with the generic, and there are more companies now providing it as well — including Indivior itself (distributed by Sandoz). The point of generics, from a patient or payer point of view, is that they are less expensive than brand. But there can be problems — with quality, including of active ingredients. Patients frequently complain when their agonist medications are switched — whether it's from one type of methadone to another or, now, from Suboxone film to a generic.
Ultrafast Laser Pulses Enable One‐Step Graphene Patterning on Woods and Leaves for Green Electronics
Authors: Le Truong‐Son Dinh , Park Sangbaek , An Jianing , Lee Pooi See , Kim Young‐Jin
Published: June 2019

Fast, simple, cost‐efficient, eco‐friendly, and design‐flexible patterning of high‐quality graphene from abundant natural resources is of immense interest for the mass production of next‐generation graphene‐based green electronics. Most electronic components have been manufactured by repetitive photolithography processes involving a large number of masks, photoresists, and toxic etchants; resulting in slow, complex, expensive, less‐flexible, and often corrosive electronics manufacturing processes to date. Here, a one‐step formation and patterning of highly conductive graphene on natural woods and leaves by programmable irradiation of ultrafast high‐photon‐energy laser pulses in ambient air is presented. Direct photoconversion of woods and leaves into graphene is realized at a low temperature by intense ultrafast light pulses with controlled fluences. Green graphene electronic components of electrical interconnects, flexible temperature sensors, and energy‐storing pseudocapacitors are fabricated from woods and leaves. This direct graphene synthesis is a breakthrough toward biocompatible, biodegradable, and eco‐friendlily manufactured green electronics for the sustainable earth.
Additive Manufacturing of 3D Structures Composed of Wood Materials
Authors: Kam Doron , Layani Michael , BarkaiMinerbi Sheer , Orbaum Donna , Abrahami BenHarush Shir , Shoseyov Oded , Magdassi Shlomo
Published: June 2019

3D objects composed of 100% wood components are 3D printed utilizing wood flour microparticles dispersed in a matrix composed of cellulose nanocrystals and xyloglucan. In the printed object, a wood waste product is “glued” with extracted wood products, to be a substitute for pristine wood. 3D printing is used to maximize conversion of low value materials into final products that exhibit visual, textural, and physical properties of natural timber. Several 3D printing technologies are applied to achieve a wide range of densities, mechanical properties, colors, and morphologies as well as high thermal insulation. Furthermore, the 3D printing process enables predesigning of fiber layout in the printed wood, which enables control of shrinkage orientation.
Photoinduced Cascade Reaction of Tertiary Amines with Sulfonyl Azides: Synthesis of Amidine Derivatives
Authors: Ding Rui , Chen Hui , Xu Yan‐Li , Tang Hai‐Tao , Chen Yan‐Yan , Pan Ying‐Ming
Published: June 2019

A metal‐free cascade reaction of tertiary amines with sulfonyl azides promoted by acridinium salts under blue light irradiation was developed and provided amidine derivatives in moderate to good yields. Enamine was generated from tertiary amine via single‐electron transfer promoted by acridinium salts, and the following [3+2] cyclization with sulfonyl azide and CH2N2 release afforded the desired products.

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Cesium Fluoride and Copper‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzoxazoles via a Site‐Selective Amide C−N Bond Cleavage
Authors: Luo Zhongfeng , Wu Hongxiang , Li Yue , Chen Yuwen , Nie Jingyi , Lu Siqi , Zhu Yulin , Zeng Zhuo
Published: June 2019

We report herein a two‐step one‐pot strategy for the synthesis of benzoxazoles from amides by using cesium fluoride/copper as catalysts. This approach involves the in situ generation of acyl fluorides from the corresponding amides, and the acyl fluorides undergo transamidation and cyclization to give benzoxazoles in good yields. In this work, the amide C−N bonds are activated by CsF to form the acyl fluoride intermediates, which further react with o‐bromoanilines to efficiently yield benzoxazoles. Notably, this methodology demonstrates a broad substrate scope, as primary/secondary benzamides are well tolerated, and this process might facilitate the development of one‐pot transformations of amides.

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One‐Pot Sequential Synthesis of Fused Isoquinolines via Intramolecular Cyclization/Annulation and their Photophysical Investigation
Authors: Rakshit Amitava , Sau Prasenjit , Ghosh Subhendu , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: June 2019

One of the cyano group of γ‐keto malononitrile gets hydrolyzed selectively to an amide in the presence of copper(II) acetate monohydrate. The in situ generated amide undergo an intramolecular dehydrative cyclization to a 1,2‐dihydropyridone intermediate. Further annulation of the 1,2‐dihydropyridone with an internal alkyne in the same pot produce a fused isoquinolone, 4‐oxo‐2,6,7‐triaryl‐4H‐pyrido[2,1‐a]isoquinoline‐3‐carbonitrile. This one‐pot process is associated with the formation of one C−C, two C−N, two C=C and a C=O bonds. The final synthesis is a four‐step process consisting of selective hydrolysis of a cyano group to an amide, dehydrative cyclization of the amide to a cyclic amide, aromatization of the cyclic amide (2‐oxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyridine moiety) to a 2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydropyridine and finally, the C−H/N−H annulation with an alkyne. Density functional theory calculation reveals that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is localized at the central core extending to the nitrile group and a negligible contribution from the two phenyl rings of the diphenylacetylene. On the other hand, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is also localized at the identical central core and extended up to the other phenyl ring. The calculated ΔE(LUMO‐HOMO) is in the range of 2.88 to 3.45 eV and the compounds display emission in the green region (502–560) nm and absorption (λmax) in the range of (454–490) nm. Therefore, these molecules may find application in bio‐imaging, theranostics and various applications in material science.

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Glibenclamide treatment in a Cantú syndrome patient with a pathogenic ABCC9 gain‐of‐function variant: Initial experience
Authors: Ma Alan , Gurnasinghani Sunita , Kirk Edwin P. , McClenaghan Conor , Singh Gautam K. , Grange Dorothy K. , Pandit Chetan , Zhu Yung , Roscioli Tony , Elakis George , Buckley Michael , Mehta Bhavesh , Roberts Philip , Mervis Jonathan , Biggin Andrew , Nichols Colin G.
Published: June 2019

Cantú syndrome (CS), characterized by hypertrichosis, distinctive facial features, and complex cardiovascular abnormalities, is caused by pathogenic variants in ABCC9 and KCNJ8 genes. These genes encode gain‐of‐function mutations in the regulatory (SUR2) and pore‐forming (Kir6.1) subunits of KATP channels, respectively, suggesting that channel‐blocking sulfonylureas could be a viable therapy. Here we report a neonate with CS, carrying a heterozygous ABCC9 variant (c.3347G>A, p.Arg1116His), born prematurely at 32 weeks gestation. Initial echocardiogram revealed a large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and high pulmonary pressures with enlarged right ventricle. He initially received surfactant and continuous positive airway pressure ventilation and was invasively ventilated for 4 weeks, until PDA ligation. After surgery, he still had ongoing bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) requirement, but was subsequently weaned to nocturnal BiPAP. He was treated for pulmonary hypertension with Sildenafil, but failed to make further clinical improvement. A therapeutic glibenclamide trial was commenced in week 11 (initial dose of 0.05 mg–1 kg–1 day–1 in two divided doses). After 1 week of treatment, he began to tolerate time off BiPAP when awake, and edema improved. Glibenclamide was well tolerated, and the dose was slowly increased to 0.15 mg−1 kg−1day−1 over the next 12 weeks. Mild transient hypoglycemia was observed, but there was no cardiovascular dysfunction. Confirmation of therapeutic benefit will require studies of more CS patients but, based on this limited experience, consideration should be given to glibenclamide as CS therapy, although problems associated with prematurity, and complications of hypoglycemia, might limit outcome in critically ill neonates with CS.
Material encapsulation in poly(methyl methacrylate) shell: A review
Authors: Ahangaran Fatemeh , Navarchian Amir H. , Picchioni Francesco
Published: June 2019

Material encapsulation is a relatively new technique for coating a micro/nanosize particle or droplet with polymeric or inorganic shell. Encapsulation technology has many applications in various fields including drug delivery, cosmetic, agriculture, thermal energy storage, textile, and self‐healing polymers. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is widely used as shell material in encapsulation due to its high chemical stability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and good mechanical properties. The main approach for micro/nanoencapsulation of materials using PMMA as shell comprises emulsion‐based techniques such as emulsion polymerization and solvent evaporation from oil‐in‐water emulsion. In the present review, we first focus on the encapsulation techniques of liquid materials with PMMA shell by analyzing the effective processing parameters influencing the preparation of PMMA micro/nanocapsules. We then describe the morphology of PMMA capsules in emulsion systems according to thermodynamic relations. The techniques to investigation of mechanical properties of capsule shell and the release mechanisms of core material from PMMA capsules were also investigated. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48039.
Electroconvulsive therapy: A review
Authors: Parker Michelle , Hunt Jeffrey
Published: June 2019

Electroconvulsive therapy, or ECT, is an effective treatment for severe, persistent neuropsychiatric disorders, including mood disorders, acute suicidality, catatonia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and, to a lesser extent, schizophrenia. ECT is generally reserved for adults, but adolescents with “treatment‐resistant” conditions, defined as failure of two or more adequate medication trials, also benefit. Studies show that the majority of child and adolescent psychiatrists lack the necessary training to administer ECT. What's more, ECT is often represented inaccurately and negatively in popular media, resulting in controversial public opinion and increased stigmatization. Despite nearly 70 years of evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of ECT, including 2004 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) guidelines for ECT use in adolescents and an ethical review of this intervention, ECT continues to be underutilized. The aim of this article is to dispel myths about ECT by providing evidence‐based psychoeducation, a review of the indications and when providers should consider a referral.
The power of ‘and’: How to use DBT in everyday life
Authors: Laptook Rebecca
Published: June 2019

Imagine something happened that made you really upset. Maybe someone spoke to you disrespectfully or treated you rudely, or a friend left you out of group plans you expected to be included in, or you had a hectic and stressful day and one more person pointed out something you did wrong or forgot to do. What would you want someone to say to you after you shared what happened and how you were feeling? You probably wouldn't appreciate someone saying something that negated or invalidated your feelings, because, of course, you have the right to feel upset. Rather, you would likely want others to show that they understood, or at least acknowledged, how you were feeling.
In 98% of cases, testing teens for tobacco, vaping, and marijuana corroborates self‐reports
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2019

When teens self‐report their tobacco, vaping, and marijuana use, the results correlate with urine biomarkers, researchers have found. There is no objective biomarker data in this area, so researchers wanted to make this comparison, and it turns out that just asking the question will yield accurate results. However, in the case of nicotine, many subjects were not aware they had nicotine in their systems. In addition, the more frequent the vaping and pod use was, the higher the level of the biomarker.
Spatial generalized linear mixed models in small area estimation
Authors: Torabi Mahmoud
Published: June 2019

In survey sampling, policy decisions regarding the allocation of resources to sub‐groups of a population depend on reliable predictors of their underlying parameters. However, in some sub‐groups, called small areas due to small sample sizes relative to the population, the information needed for reliable estimation is typically not available. Consequently, data on a coarser scale are used to predict the characteristics of small areas. Mixed models are the primary tools in small area estimation (SAE) and also borrow information from alternative sources (e.g., previous surveys and administrative and census data sets). In many circumstances, small area predictors are associated with location. For instance, in the case of chronic disease or cancer, it is important for policy makers to understand spatial patterns of disease in order to determine small areas with high risk of disease and establish prevention strategies. The literature considering SAE with spatial random effects is sparse and mostly in the context of spatial linear mixed models. In this article, small area models are proposed for the class of spatial generalized linear mixed models to obtain small area predictors and corresponding second‐order unbiased mean squared prediction errors via Taylor expansion and a parametric bootstrap approach. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated through simulation studies and application of the models to a real esophageal cancer data set from Minnesota, U.S.A. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 47: 426–437; 2019 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada
Toward a Consensus on Applying Quantitative Liquid Chromatography‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry Proteomics in Translational Pharmacology Research: A White Paper
Authors: Prasad Bhagwat , Achour Brahim , Artursson Per , Hop Cornelis E.C.A. , Lai Yurong , Smith Philip C. , Barber Jill , Wisniewski Jacek R. , Spellman Daniel , Uchida Yasuo , Zientek Michael A. , Unadkat Jashvant D. , Rostami‐Hodjegan Amin
Published: June 2019

Quantitative translation of information on drug absorption, disposition, receptor engagement, and drug–drug interactions from bench to bedside requires models informed by physiological parameters that link in vitro studies to in vivo outcomes. To predict in vivo outcomes, biochemical data from experimental systems are routinely scaled using protein quantity in these systems and relevant tissues. Although several laboratories have generated useful quantitative proteomic data using state‐of‐the‐art mass spectrometry, no harmonized guidelines exit for sample analysis and data integration to in vivo translation practices. To address this gap, a workshop was held on September 27 and 28, 2018, in Cambridge, MA, with 100 experts attending from academia, the pharmaceutical industry, and regulators. Various aspects of quantitative proteomics and its applications in translational pharmacology were debated. A summary of discussions and best practices identified by this expert panel are presented in this “White Paper” alongside unresolved issues that were outlined for future debates.
How can HIV/STI testing services be more accessible and acceptable for gender and sexually diverse young people? A brief report exploring young people's perspectives in Queensland
Authors: Heard Emma , Oost Ellen , McDaid Lisa , Mutch Allyson , Dean Judith , Fitzgerald Lisa
Published: June 2019

Issue addressed

Gender and sexually diverse young people (GSDYP) are an important target group for HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention and there is an immediate need to explore ways to make testing interventions accessible and appropriate for this group.

Methods

We used a modified World Café workshop with 14 GSDYP in Brisbane Australia, to inform the development of a pilot community‐based testing intervention.

Results

The workshop identified the key features of an ideal service, which would include multiple, accessible sites that offer holistic, affordable services and confidential care by respectful and knowledgeable providers. The service would allow young people to engage in decision‐making processes, have a culturally inclusive, comfortable and friendly atmosphere, and provide free sexual and reproductive health technologies.

Conclusion

When designing HIV/STI testing interventions for key groups, health promotion practitioners need to be cognisant of localised and nuanced expectations and ensure that services are tailored to the needs and experiences of the local population.

So what?

This study provides insights into the needs and expectations of HIV/STI testing interventions for GSDYP in Australia, a key at‐risk group whose perspectives are not adequately voiced in sexual health research and intervention design.

This study explores facilitators and current barriers to HIV/STI testing with a group of gender and sexually diverse young people in Brisbane, Australia. Outcomes provide insights into the needs and expectations of HIV/STI testing services for this group.
Concise Review: A Critical Evaluation of Criteria Used to Define Salivary Gland Stem Cells
Authors: Weng Pei-Lun , Aure Marit H. , Ovitt Catherine E.
Published: June 2019

In the effort to develop cell-based therapies to treat salivary gland dysfunction, many different populations of cells in the adult salivary glands have been proposed as stem cells. These cell populations vary, depending on the assay used, and are often nonoverlapping, leading to the conclusion that salivary glands harbor multiple stem cells. The goal of this review is to critically appraise the assays and properties used to identify stem cells in the adult salivary gland, and to consider the caveats of each. Re-evaluation of the defining criteria may help to reconcile the many potential stem cell populations described in the salivary gland, in order to increase comparability between studies and build consensus in the field. Stem Cells  2019;37:1144–1150
The influence of the coadministration of the p-glycoprotein modulator elacridar on the pharmacokinetics of lapatinib and its distribution in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Karbownik Agnieszka , Sobańska Katarzyna , Płotek Włodzimierz , Grabowski Tomasz , Klupczynska Agnieszka , Plewa Szymon , Grześkowiak Edmund , Szałek Edyta
Published: June 2019

Background Lapatinib is a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2) and EGFR that has currently been approved for the treatment of HER2-positive advanced and metastatic breast cancer (BC). The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of transporters includes P-glycoprotein (P-gp; ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP; ABCG2), which substantially restrict the penetration of drugs, including chemotherapeutics, through the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of elacridar, an ABCB1 and ABCG2 inhibitor, on the brain and cerebrospinal fluid uptake of lapatinib. Methods Rats were divided into two groups: one group received 5 mg/kg elacridar and 100 mg/kg lapatinib (an experimental group), and the other group received 100 mg/kg lapatinib (a control group). Lapatinib concentrations in the blood plasma (BP), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue (BT) were measured by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Results Elacridar significantly increased lapatinib penetration into the CSF and BT (Cmax increase of 136.4% and 54.7% and AUC0-∞ increase of 53.7% and 86.5%, respectively). The Cmax of lapatinib in BP was similar in both experimental groups (3057.5 vs. 3257.5 ng/mL, respectively). Conclusion This study showed that elacridar influenced the pharmacokinetics of lapatinib. The inhibition of ABCB1 and ABCG2 transporters by elacridar substantially enhanced the penetration of lapatinib into the CSF and BT. The blocking of protein transporters could become indispensable in the treatment of patients with breast cancer and brain metastases.