bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retraction: Preparation of NiFe2O4@MIL-101(Fe)/GO as a novel nanocarrier and investigation of its antimicrobial properties
Authors: Shateran Fatemeh , Ghasemzadeh Mohammad Ali , Aghaei Seyyed Soheil
Published: November 2024

Retraction of ‘Preparation of NiFe2O4@MIL-101(Fe)/GO as a novel nanocarrier and investigation of its antimicrobial properties’ by Fatemeh Shateran et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 7092–7102, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA08523A.
New discoveries in bile acids, gut microbiota and host interactions in health and diseases
Authors: Gillard Justine , Leclercq Isabelle
Published: November 2024

Over the past 20 years, basic research has robustly demonstrated the regulatory role of bile acids in physiological processes, primarily by the discovery and the study of their specific receptors and the understanding of the pathways they modulate. The dysregulation of the bile acid pool and the perturbation of bile acid signaling have been implicated in the pathophysiology of various clinical conditions, including cardiometabolic, cholestatic and inflammatory diseases. Consequently, bile acids have emerged as promising therapeutic targets, with compounds to modulate bile acid metabolism and signaling being actively investigated in pre-clinical and clinical settings. Despite these advancements, much remains to be understood before bile acid metabolism and bile acid-regulated pathways can be effectively manipulated for health protection. As a step forward in this direction, Clinical Science has curated a themed collection on the new discoveries in bile acids, gut microbiota and host interactions in health and diseases. This collection emphasizes mechanistic research papers, connecting basic science to disease mechanisms, aiming to enhance the understanding of the role of bile acids in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Willingness of Hearing Help–Seekers With Low Incomes to Pay for Hearing Aids, Services, and Over-the-Counter Devices
Authors: Johnson Carole E. , Jilla Anna Marie , Johnston Daniel , Baldwin Jonathan
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

Our aims were to assess associations between patient-related variables and willingness to pay (WTP) for advanced digital technology (ADT) hearing aids, services, and over-the-counter (OTC) devices.

Method:

A cross-sectional postal survey was sent to 106 individuals presenting to a low-income community hearing aid bank eliciting patient-related variables (age, monthly income, gender, race, educational level, employment status, number in household, self-reported hearing difficulty without amplification [quiet and noise], hours/day hearing aid use, and satisfaction with services) and their WTP for ADT hearing aids, services, and OTC devices. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between WTP and patient-related variables.

Results:

Forty-eight surveys were returned for a response rate of 51.1% (48/[106–12 return to sender]). Only monthly income (
Mdn
= $1,283) was associated with WTP for one ADT hearing aid (
Mdn
WTP
= $250). Age was the only variable significantly associated with WTP for services (
Mdn
WTP
= $100). None of the variables were associated with WTP for OTC devices, and 61.7% (29 of 47) of participants would not be willing to pay any amount for one.

Conclusions:

Participants' WTP for one ADT hearing aid and services were low and was likely due to a lack of financial resources. Most would not be willing to pay anything for an OTC device.
Kalkayotl 2.0
Authors: Olivares J. , Bouy H. , Dorn-Wallenstein T. Z. , Berihuete A.
Published: November 2024

Context. Star-forming regions, stellar associations, and open clusters are fundamental stellar systems where predictions from star-formation theories can be robustly contrasted with observations.

Aims. We aim to provide the astrophysical community with a free and open-source code to infer the phase-space (i.e. positions and velocities) parameters of stellar systems with ≲1000 stars based on Gaia astrometry and possibly observed radial velocities.

Methods. We upgrade an existing Bayesian hierarchical model and extend it to model 3D (positions) and 6D (positions and velocities) stellar coordinates and system parameters with a flexible variety of statistical models, including a linear velocity field. This velocity field allows for the inference of internal kinematics, including expansion, contraction, and rotation.

Results. We extensively validated our statistical models using realistic simulations that mimic the properties of the Gaia Data Release 3. We applied Kalkayotl to β-Pictoris, the Hyades, and Praesepe, recovering parameter values compatible with those from the literature. In particular, we found an expansion age of 19.1 ± 1.0 Myr for β-Pictoris and rotational signal of 32 ± 11 m s−1 pc−1 for the Hyades and that Praesepe’s rotation reported in the literature comes from its periphery.

Conclusions. The robust and flexible Bayesian hierarchical model that we make publicly available here represents a step forward in the statistical modelling of stellar systems. The products it delivers, such as expansion, contraction, rotation, and velocity dispersions, can be directly contrasted with predictions from star-formation theories.
The overflowing atmosphere of WASP-121 b
Authors: Czesla S. , Nail F. , Lavail A. , Cont D. , Nortmann L. , Lesjak F. , Rengel M. , Boldt-Christmas L. , Shulyak D. , Seemann U. , Schneider P. C. , Hatzes A. , Kochukhov O. , Piskunov N. , Reiners A. , Wilson D. J. , Yan F.
Published: November 2024

Transmission spectroscopy is a prime method to study the atmospheres of extrasolar planets. We obtained a high-resolution spectral transit time series of the hot Jupiter WASP-121 b with CRIRES+ to study its atmosphere via transmission spectroscopy of the He I λ10833 triplet lines. Our analysis shows a prominent He I λ10833 absorption feature moving along with the planetary orbital motion, which shows an observed, transit-averaged equivalent width of approximately 30 mÅ, a slight redshift, and a depth of about 2%, which can only be explained by an atmosphere overflowing its Roche lobe. We carried out 3D hydrodynamic modeling to reproduce the observations, which favors asymmetric mass loss with a more pronounced leading tidal tail, possibly also explaining observational evidence for additional absorption stationary in the stellar rest frame. A trailing tail is not detectable. From our modeling, we derived estimates of ≥2 × 1013 g s−1 for the stellar and 5.4 × 1012 g s−1 for the planetary mass loss rate, which is consistent with X-ray and extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) driven mass loss in WASP-121 b.
Distinguishing super-Nyquist frequencies via their temporal variation in γ Doradus stars from continuous photometry
Authors: Wang Xuan , Zong Weikai , Ma Xiao-Yu , Charpinet Stéphane , Wu Tao , Wang Haotian
Published: November 2024

Given their tendency to mix in with real pulsations, the reflection of super-Nyquist frequencies (SNFs) pose a threat to asteroseismic properties. Although SNFs have been studied in several pulsating stars, a systematic survey remains to be explored. Here, we propose a method for identifying SNFs from Kepler and TESS photometry by characterizing their periodic frequency modulations using a sliding Fourier transform. After analyzing long-cadence photometry in the Kepler legacy, we identified 304 SNFs in 56 stars from 45 607 frequencies in ∼600 γ Doradus stars, corresponding to a fraction of approximately 0.67% and 9.2%, respectively. Most SNFs were detected in the frequency range of pressure mode over 120 μHz and the fraction of SNF detection increases as frequency up to ∼7%. We found only two potential SNFs mixed with gravity modes in two γ Doradus stars. These findings indicate that SNFs have a negligible impact on global seismic properties, such as those derived from period spacing in γ Doradus stars. However, we stress that SNFs must be carefully and systematically examined by this method in other pulsating stars, particularly δ Scuti and hot B subdwarf stars, to establish a solid foundation for the precise asteroseismolgy of various types of pulsators.
Frischer Wind für alte Strukturen
Authors: Weber Ruth Anna , Gaßmann Marie-Luise
Published: November 2024

Die Arbeitswelt verändert sich rapide. Das erfordert neue Führungsmodelle, die auf Selbstorganisation,
Dezentralisierung und flexiblen Arbeitsformen basieren. Lesen Sie mehr über Personalentwicklungsprojekte,
die auch noch finanziell gefördert werden.
Special_Issue_Teaching_and_Training_Future_Health_Informaticians: Managing the transition from tradition to innovation of the Heidelberg/Heilbronn Medical Informatics Master’s Program
Authors: Knaup Petra , Bendl Rolf , Eisenmann Urs , Hastenteufel Marc , Reichenbach Alexandra
Published: November 2024

Background: To keep pace with the developments in the medical informatics field, the curriculum of the Heidelberg/Heilbronn Medical Informatics Master of Science program is continuously updated. In its latest revision we restructured our program to allow more flexibility to accommodate updates and include current topics and to enable students’ choices.
Objectives: To present our new concepts for graduate medical informatics education, share our experiences, and provide insights into the perception of these concepts by advanced students and graduates.
Methods: Our new curriculum consists of three core components: Areas of Concentration that bundle elective courses in an important domain of medical informatics, a large catalog of elective courses, introductory/alignment courses for students without a bachelor’s degree in medical informatics. We conducted an online survey of graduates and students with at least 75 credits to assess their opinion on the program’s effectiveness and attractiveness.
Results: Mandatory courses include clinical medicine, project management, research, and practical training in biomedical informatics. Five areas of concentration bundle elective courses for 30 credits to provide a solid foundation in an important domain in medical informatics. These are bioinformatics, data science, computer-aided diagnosis and therapy systems, information management, and software engineering in medicine. The catalog of electives offers a total of 67 courses. About 75% of them are assigned to more than one area of concentration. Our survey demonstrates that the participants highly appreciate the flexibility of the electives and the opportunity to develop an area of expertise.
Conclusion: Offering a high degree of flexibility to our students has motivated them to join our program and resulted in a high level of student satisfaction. By designing the curriculum with areas of concentration and providing an infrastructure that permits courses on emerging topics to be added easily to the curriculum, we were able to meet our students’ expectations.
Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Unfractionated Heparin Administered Every 8 hours for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Reconstructive Head and Neck Tumor Patients: A Systematic Review and 6-Year Institutional Case Series
Authors: Cevik Jevan , Newland David P. , Cheong Edward , Cabalag Miguel , Ramakrishnan Anand
Published: November 2024

Background Patients with head and neck tumors undergoing free flap reconstructions are at high risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE). To date, no specific guidelines are available regarding VTE prophylaxis in this patient group. This study aims to contribute to this scarcity of information by reviewing the literature regarding anticoagulation regimens in this patient group and evaluating the efficacy and safety of postoperative subcutaneous heparin dosed at 5,000 units every 8 hours routinely utilized at our institution.

Methods PubMed and Embase databases were searched from inception until November 2023. Data were collected and levels of evidence were evaluated according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine guidelines. Additionally, a retrospective review of all patients with head and neck tumors undergoing free tissue transfer at our institution between 2015 and 2021 was performed. Patients were restricted to those receiving 5,000 units of subcutaneous heparin every 8 hours postoperatively. Key outcomes included rates of VTE and surgical site hematoma.

Results This systematic review found 15 studies eligible for inclusion ranging from 1998 to 2023. Anticoagulation regimens were markedly heterogenous. Among the literature, VTE rates reported ranged from 0 to 9.6% and bleeding rates ranged between 3.5 and 29%. Our 6-year institutional analysis revealed 393 total patients. Overall, three episodes of VTE were identified (0.76%) consisting of one deep vein thrombosis and two pulmonary emboli. The overall rate of hematoma was 9.4% with a higher rate of hematoma at the recipient site (8.1%) than the donor site (1.3%).

Conclusion When compared with the existing literature this study found a low rate of VTE and a comparable incidence postoperative hematoma. This suggests that 5,000 units of subcutaneous heparin given every 8 hours may be a safe and effective postoperative anticoagulation regimen for these patients.
Phytochemical Characterization and Comparative Analysis of Cycloartane-Type Triterpenes in Astragalus adsurgens and Astragalus membranaceus
Authors: Zhou Guanglian , Chen Yin , Xu Bingyan , Peng Guoqing , Wang Li , Huang Jian-Ping , Yu Zhiyin , Huang Sheng-Xiong
Published: November 2024

Astragalus adsurgens, a significant forage plant cultivated in arid regions of northwest China, remains underexplored for its triterpenoid saponins and medicinal properties compared to the extensively studied Astragalus membranaceus. To explore the phytochemical profile of A. adsurgens for its potential application in the medical field, we employed ultra-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometry-based method to identify cycloartane-type triterpenes. Eventually, five new cycloartane-type triterpenoids, adsurgosides A – D (

1 – 4) and 3-methyl-3,4-seco-cyclostellanol (5), together with two known analogs, cycloastragenol (6) and cyclopycanthogenin (7), were isolated from the roots of A. adsurgens. Their structures were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR analyses in combination with HRESIMS data. Additionally, a comparative study on the distribution patterns of these compounds revealed qualitative and quantitative variations between A. adsurgens and A. membranaceus. Our findings not only identified an alternative plant for isolating cycloartane-type triterpenoids but also offer new insights into the chemical properties of A. adsurgens.
Does chronic ankle instability affect side-cutting in female soccer
players?
Authors: Takeuchi Shiki , Anan Masaya
Published: November 2024

Lateral ankle sprains have a high recurrence rate, often developing into chronic
ankle instability (CAI). CAI affects movement strategy during side-cutting
maneuvers, with inconsistent results in many studies. This study aimed to
clarify the characteristics of movement strategies during side-cutting maneuvers
in female soccer players with and without CAI. Thirteen female soccer players
with CAI and twelve healthy controls performed 10 successful trials of
side-cutting maneuvers in three directions (anterolateral, lateral, and
posterolateral) under unanticipated conditions. Compared to the control group,
the CAI group displayed an increased stance time in the lateral and
posterolateral side-cutting maneuvers (lateral: p=0.021, effect size=0.97,
posterolateral: p=0.014, effect size=1.00). In posterolateral side-cutting
maneuvers, the CAI group displayed a decreased posterior ground reaction force
at 19–30% and 42–54% of the entire stance phase compared with the control group
(p=0.001, effect size=1.30–1.42). Female soccer players with CAI may display
increased stance time to compensate for self-reported ankle instability and may
also exhibit decreased braking and propulsive force when side-cutting to sharper
angles. These observations suggest a hypothesis that could help in the
assessment of cutting maneuvers under unanticipated conditions after ankle
sprains.
Candidate withdrawal in the French 2024 national legislative elections
Authors: Mișcoiu Sergiu , Gherghina Sergiu
Published: November 2024

In France’s 2024 legislative elections, two-thirds of the candidates who qualified for the runoff withdrew from the competition. The media argued that this was a deliberate strategy to reduce the radical right’s chances of winning an absolute majority of seats. This kind of strategic behavior is based on rationality and collective action that hardly covers the full range of possibilities. This article seeks to identify the reasons why candidates pulled out before the second round of the national legislative elections in France. Our analysis uses semi-structured interviews with candidates who withdrew and identifies several explanations for their decision: electoral tactics driven by coercion, the long-term prospects of profile-raising benefits, voter pressure, disaffection with the campaign content, and the personal examples of other candidates. These results indicate that the decision to leave the race involved rationality, responsiveness to public preferences, emotions, and a learning process.
On the theory of tunnel injection into a superconductor
Authors: Seminozhenko V. P.
Published: November 2024

Nonequilibrium states in the superconductor of an S–I–N (superconductor–insulator–normal metal) tunnel junction are considered, such a junction being formed by a superconducting film and a bulky normal electrode. It is shown that at the temperature T = 0 the distribution function of electron excitations at eV–Δ ≪ Δ almost does not depend on the energy and its value does not exceed 1/2 (V denoting the voltage across the junction and Δ denoting the energy gap of the superconductor material). Such properties as ultrasound attenuation along with generation of 2Δ phonons and the high-frequency conductivity in these nonequilibrium states are examined. It is shown, furthermore, that these properties differ appreciably from those in the equilibrium state. The effect of departure from equilibrium due to tunnel injection from the N metal into the S film on the quasiparticle tunnel current flowing through the S– I–S’ junction of an N–I–S–I–S’ structure is subsequently analyzed.
Nonequilibrium quasiparticle distribution function and the thermal regime of laser-irradiated tunnel junctions
Authors: Balkashin O. P. , Khotkevich A. V. , Yanson I. K.
Published: November 2024

We have investigated the decrease of the lead tunnel junction conductivity at eV≳2Δ under nonequilibrium conditions. The effects of temperature, irradiation intensity, method of excitation, and heat transfer regime on the nonequilibrium quasiparticle distribution function were studied in detail. The comparison of experimental results with calculations makes it possible to reach conclusions concerning the form of the nonequilibrium quasiparticle distribution function, and about the nature of the observed effect.
Conduction mechanism in magnetite
Authors: Checherskiĭ V. D. , Eremenko V. V. , Romanov V. P.
Published: November 2024

The conductivity σ, the coefficient of the thermal emf α, and the Mössbauer effect (NGR) are studied in stoichiometric and oxidized magnetite specimens in the temperature range 80≤ T ≤700°K. Analysis of the experimental results permitted the detection of an interrelationship between the kinetic coefficients and certain parameters of the NGR spectra. A qualitatively new conduction model is proposed in Fe3O4 above and below the Verwey transition (Tv). In this model the order of magnitude and the function σ(T) as well as the function α(T) are related to the conduction in the 4s band for T > TV. At these temperatures the Fe3O4 is considered an intrinsic semiconductor which is partially degenerate at or near room temperature. It is assumed that hopping conduction exerts a perceptible influence on the dependence observed at temperatures substantially below Tv.
Optical investigation of the spin-wave spectrum in the weak ferromagnet CoCO3
Authors: Verdyan A. I. , Eremenko V. V. , Litvinenko Yu. G. , Shapiro V. V.
Published: November 2024

The fine structure of light absorption in the weak ferromagnet CoCO3 is investigated. The magnetic dipole line detected at the frequency 22860 cm−1 is identified as an exciton line, while the electric dipole bands at 22893.5, 22905,and 22928 cm−1 are identified as “cold” and at 22810 and 22828 cm−1 as “hot” magnon satellites. The magnon boundary energy for different points of the Brillouin zone, 33.5 and 22 cm−1, is determined by means of the frequency interval between the exciton line and its magnon satellites.
The dispersion law of 3He quasiparticles in He II under pressure
Authors: Pogorelov L. A. , Esel’son B. N. , Nosovitskaya O. S. , Sobolev V. I.
Published: November 2024

Data are obtained on the density of the normal component of a 3He–4He solution with a 3He content of 1.01% at various pressures up to 20 atm. The data are used to study the character of the impurity branch of the dispersion law of elementary excitations. It is shown that, as in the case of saturated-vapor pressures, 1,2 at elevated pressures short-wave excitations should decay, emitting a roton in the process, with the value of the critical momentum corresponding to the decay depending weakly on the pressure.
Hardening of alloys of the Pb–In system in the mixed state
Authors: Lebedev V. P. , Khotkevich V. I.
Published: November 2024

The jump of deforming stress due to transition from the superconducting state to the mixed state (δσm) or to the normal state (δσn) was measured in polycrystalline Pb+(5-40) at.% In alloys during their elongation at a constant rate at 4.2°K. The concentration Cn of the normal phase was determined from magnetization curves for various orientations of the magnetic field H. It has been established, as a result, that the hardening of these alloys due to deformation in the mixed state occurs to a much higher degree than according to calculations based on the model of dislocation dragging by electrons (δσm= Cnδσn +δσv for Cn ≥ 0.4). A study was made of the dependence of the extra hardening δσv on the concentration Cn, on the orientation of H, and on the indium content in the alloy. The most probable cause of this extra hardening δσv seems to lie in the mechanism of dislocation dragging by magnetic flux vortices. Here the drag force is quantitatively estimated and qualitatively compared with the force of vortex pinning by defects in the crystal structure.
Surface scattering of conduction electrons and kinetic phe­nomena in metals (review)
Authors: Okulov V. I. , Ustinov V. V.
Published: November 2024

A review is given of the theory of scattering of conduction electrons from surface defects and its effect on electrical conductivity and high-frequency properties of the metal. We derive and investigate in detail the boundary condition for the electron distribution function, and analyze the properties of the surface scattering probabilities. Results of calculation are given for the surface-scattering probability for known models of the defects. We discuss the effect of surface scattering on the classical size effect in the thin-film resistance, on the frequency dependence of surface impedance, and on various kinetic phenomena in strong magnetic fields. We give and analyze the boundary condition for the spin distribution functions and magnetization, and dicuss the role of the surface scattering with spin flip in the spin resonance of conduction electrons.
Magnetic behavior of helicoidal structure in europium
Authors: Blinov A. G. , Boyarskii L. A. , Dikovskii V. Ya.
Published: November 2024

The magnetization of polycrystalline europium has been measured by the ballistic method at temperatures ranging from 4.2 to 300°K in magnetic fields of up to 30 kOe. The specimen was cooled in longitudinal and transverse fields (relative to the measuring field) to determine the anisotropy of the magnetization of the helicoidally ordered structure. The anisotropy is found to be small (no greater than 10%), which may possibly be due to a large additive, almost isotropic contribution to the magnetization of europium. Some models are proposed for explaining the nature of this contribution.
Effects of dislocation dipoles and prismatic dislocation loops on the thermodynamics of electrons in metals
Authors: Potemina L. G.
Published: November 2024

The quasiclassical part of the electron spectrum in the field of a dislocation dipole and of a circular prismatic loop is investigated. In the case of the dipole, the spectrum is a system of an infinite number of levels which bunch together at a certain energy; in the field of the loop the spectrum contains a finite number of levels. The contribution of such dislocation formations to the thermodynamic potential of conduction electrons near the 2 1/2-order transition point is calculated and is compared with the contribution of randomly arranged linear dislocations.
Pre-characterization pipeline for microjets in X-ray free-electron laser experiments
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: November 2024

Custom hardware-software system automatically analyzes liquid jets produced by Gas Dynamic Virtual Nozzles.
The unique global solvability of nonhomogeneous incompressible asymmetric fluids in two and three dimensions
Authors: Xu Fuyi , Zhang Mingxue , Qiao Liening
Published: November 2024

The present paper studies the nonhomogeneous incompressible asymmetric fluids in two and three dimensions. The main aim is to obtain the unique global solvability of the system with only bounded nonnegative initial density. More precisely, we construct the global existence of the solution with large data in 2-D and the existence of global in time for some smallness conditions in 3-D. In addition, the uniqueness of the solution is proved through a Lagrangian approach under some quite soft assumptions about its regularity. These conclusions can be viewed as a generalization of the one established by Braz e Silva et al. [J. Differ. Equations 269, 1319–1348 (2020)].
Wigner’s theorem for stabilizer states and quantum designs
Authors: Obst Valentin , Heimendahl Arne , Singal Tanmay , Gross David
Published: November 2024

We describe the symmetry group of the stabilizer polytope for any number n of systems and any prime local dimension d. In the qubit case, the symmetry group coincides with the linear and anti-linear Clifford operations. In the case of qudits, the structure is somewhat richer: For n = 1, it is a wreath product of permutations of bases and permutations of the elements within each basis. For n > 1, the symmetries are given by affine symplectic similitudes. These are the affine maps that preserve the symplectic form of the underlying discrete phase space up to a non-zero multiplier. We phrase these results with respect to a number of a priori different notions of “symmetry,” including Kadison symmetries (bijections that are compatible with convex combinations), Wigner symmetries (bijections that preserve inner products), and symmetries realized by an action on Hilbert space. Going beyond stabilizer states, we extend an observation of Heinrich and Gross [Quantum 3, 132 (2019)] and show that the symmetries of fairly general sets of Hermitian operators are constrained by certain moments. In particular: the symmetries of a set that behaves like a 3-design preserve Jordan products and are therefore realized by conjugation with unitaries or anti-unitaries. (The structure constants of the Jordan algebra are encoded in an order-three tensor, which we connect to the third moments of a design). This generalizes Kadison’s formulation of the classic Wigner theorem on quantum mechanical symmetries.
Thermal bubble single-cell printing chip: High-throughput, wide-field, and efficient
Authors: Deng Bo , Wang Kun , Huang Peng , Yang Miaomiao , Liu Demeng , Guan Yimin
Published: November 2024

Single-cell printing technology has arisen as a potent instrument for investigating cell biology and disease pathophysiology. Nonetheless, current single-cell printing methodologies are hindered by restricted throughput, a limited field of view, and diminished efficiency. We present an innovative single-cell printing chip that utilizes thermal inkjet technology for single-cell printing, therefore addressing these constraints. We have accomplished high-throughput, wide-field, and efficient single-cell printing by merging a high-density thermal foam-based inkjet nozzle array on a chip with high-speed cameras and computer vision technologies for optical image capture and single-cell identification training. We have shown the efficacy and adaptability of the printing chip by printing various concentrations of Chinese hamster ovary cells and human embryonic kidney 293 cells. The printing of a single 96-well plate is accomplished in 2–3 min, facilitating one-time loading and uninterrupted multi-plate paving. Our thermal bubble single-cell printing chip serves as a viable platform for high-throughput single-cell analysis applications.
Electroabsorption in InGaAs and GaAsSb p-i-n photodiodes
Authors: Liu Y. , Jin X. , Jung H. , Lee S. , Harun F. , Ng J. S. , Krishna S. , David J. P. R.
Published: November 2024

The application of an electric field to a semiconductor can alter its absorption properties. This electroabsorption effect can have a significant impact on the quantum efficiency of detector structures. The photocurrents in bulk InGaAs and GaAsSb p-i-n photodiodes with intrinsic absorber layer thicknesses ranging from 1 to 4.8 μm have been investigated. By using phase-sensitive photocurrent measurements as a function of wavelength, the absorption coefficients as low as 1 cm−1 were extracted for electric fields up to 200 kV/cm. Our findings show that while the absorption coefficients reduce between 1500 and 1650 nm for both materials when subject to an increasing electric field, an absorption coefficient of 100 cm−1 can be obtained at a wavelength of 2 μm, well beyond the bandgap energy when they are subject to a high electric field. The results are shown to be in good agreement with theoretical models that use Airy functions to solve the absorption coefficients in a uniform electric field.
Radiated and conducted research on damage characteristics of digital protective relays in substations under high-altitude electromagnetic pulse environment
Authors: Wu Fangzheng , Li Junna , Huang Qixiang , Li Shiji , Yang Tian , Zhou Xiaoyu , Wang Yongliang
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the damage characteristics of digital protective relays (DPR) in substations under high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) environments through radiated and conducted tests. Three representative substation circuits of DPR are selected, and the radiated and conducted experiments are performed. Through a comprehensive analysis of the radiated and conducted test results, the damage characteristics of DPRs under the HEMP environment are determined, including port coupling characteristics and vulnerability, respectively. The results can be summarized as follows: the current acquisition port and the power supply port demonstrate excellent surge protection capabilities, effectively suppressing both the peak and width of the surge voltage, which endure the maximum radiated field intensity level and injection voltage level without suffering damage. In contrast, the gas protection port of the gas protection circuit lacks the capability to suppress surge voltage peaks, resulting in a higher probability of port damage and experiencing unrecoverable damage at a radiated field intensity level of 50 kV/m and injection voltage levels of 20 and 30 kV. Overall, the results of radiated and conducted experiments provide references for DPR equipment protection and comprehensive substation protection.
An electronic phase-space Hamiltonian approach for electronic current density and vibrational circular dichroism
Authors: Tao Zhen , Duston Titouan , Pei Zheng , Shao Yihan , Rawlinson Jonathan , Littlejohn Robert , Subotnik Joseph E.
Published: November 2024

The Born–Oppenheimer framework stipulates that chemistry and physics occur on potential energy surfaces VBO(X) parameterized by a nuclear coordinate X, which are built by diagonalizing a BO Hamiltonian ĤBO(X). However, such a framework cannot recover many measurable chemical and physical features, including vibrational circular dichroism spectra. In this article, we show that a phase-space electronic Hamiltonian ĤPS(X,P), parameterized by both nuclear position X and momentum P, with a similar computational cost as solving ĤBO(X), can recover not just experimental vibrational circular dichroism signals but also a meaningful electronic current density that explains the features of the vibrational circular dichroism rotational strengths. Combined with earlier demonstrations that such Hamiltonians can also recover qualitatively correct electronic momenta with electronic densities that approximately satisfy a continuity equation, the data would suggest that, if one looks closely enough, chemistry in fact occurs on potential energy surfaces parameterized by both X and P, EPS(X, P). While the dynamical implications of such a phase-space electronic Hamiltonian are not yet known, we hypothesize that, by offering classical trajectories that explicitly offer nonzero electronic momentum while also conserving the total angular momentum (unlike Born–Oppenheimer theory), this new phase-space electronic structure Hamiltonian may well explain some fraction of the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect.
Eigenmode twist by energy flux during fast-ion driven instabilities
Authors: Kolesnichenko Ya. I. , Lutsenko V. V. , Tykhyy A. V. , Yakovenko Yu. V. , Heidbrink W. W.
Published: November 2024

Twisting of the spatial structure of eigenmodes by energy fluxes generated due to the spatial channeling (SC)—the fast-ion energy and momentum transfer across the magnetic field by destabilized modes—is considered. It is revealed that there is a correlation between the direction of the radial wave energy flux, orientation of the mode twist (MT), and the direction of mode rotation. The mode twist parameter is introduced and relations connecting it with the energy flux are established. It is shown the energy flux transforms zeros of the radial profile of the mode amplitude into minima (i.e., zeros disappear). It is found that the radial group velocity and phase velocity of reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes (RSAEs) have opposite directions. These findings can be used for diagnostics of the energy fluxes during fast-ion driven instabilities and understanding whether the SC degrades or improves plasma performance. Specific calculations are carried out for fast magnetoacoustic modes, FMMs (known also as compressional Alfvén eigenmodes, CAEs), and Alfvén eigenmodes, AEs. A DIII-D experiment where RSAEs were observed is considered. It is concluded that an outward SC took place in this experiment. Peculiarities of various modes are discussed, which may explain why twisting of AEs, but not of FMMs, was observed experimentally in the DIII-D and NSTX tokamaks.
A compact inertial nanopositioner operating at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Das Pritam , Dutta Sulagna , K. S. Krishna , Jesudasan John , Raychaudhuri Pratap
Published: November 2024

Nano-positioning plays a very important role in applications such as scanning probe microscopy and optics. We report the development of a compact inertial nanopositioner along with fully computer interfaced electronics operating down to 2 K and its use in our fully automated needle-anvil type Point Contact Andreev Reflection (PCAR) apparatus. We also present the fully automated operational procedures using the LabVIEW interface with our home-built electronics. The point contact spectroscopy probe has been successfully used to perform PCAR measurements on elemental superconductors at low temperatures. The small footprint of our nanopositioner makes it ideally suited for incorporation in low temperature scanning probe microscopes and makes this design versatile for various research and industrial purposes.
Electron microscopy study of thermal stress-induced damage in long-wave quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Villalobos Meza Alejandro M. , Shu Hong , Lyakh Arkadiy
Published: November 2024

This work presents an electron microscopy study of damage propagation in long-wave buried heterostructure quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) subjected to varying degrees of thermal stressing through long-term continuous wave (CW) burn-in testing. After over 500 h of burn-in, two lasers failed suddenly due to facet-level damage, which was preceded by a minor degradation in optical performance. A third laser survived over 600 h of burn-in without any optical degradation. Select subjects of this test, along with an unstressed QCL, were characterized through a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), focused-ion-beam (FIB), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. SEM and FIB analysis of both live and failed stressed devices suggests the facet is the most likely origin of failure. TEM analysis of identically packaged QCLs at different stages of their operational life cycle, from unstressed to failed, reveals insights into how defects near the laser core diffuse during operational stressing. This study identifies pre-existing defects concentrated around the interface of the iron-doped InP region in unstressed QCLs. TEM of live stressed devices reveals that these defects diffuse during the thermal stress relaxation process that occurs during burn-in, forming a dislocation network near the active region. Finally, TEM of failed devices suggests that this dislocation network can diffuse enough to degrade the laser and ultimately lead to the onset of catastrophic optical damage at the facet.
Chronologically inappropriate morphogenesis (Chinmo) is required for maintenance of larval stages of fall armyworm
Authors: Chen Xien , Koo Jinmo , Kumar Arya Surjeet , Palli Subba Reddy
Published: November 2024

Broad complex (Br-C) and eip93F (E93) transcription factors promote insect metamorphosis from larva to pupa and from pupa to adult, respectively. Recently, chronologically inappropriate morphogenesis (Chinmo) has been proposed as a larval specifier inDrosophila melanogaster. However, whether Chinmo is required for larval maintenance in lepidopteran insects, the underlying mechanisms involved in maintaining the larval stage, and its interactions with the JH signaling pathway are not well understood. Here, we used a binary transgenic CRISPR/Cas9 system to knockoutChinmoandKr-h1(primary response gene in the JH signaling pathway) in the fall armyworm (FAW).Kr-h1knockout induced premature metamorphosis only after L5 (penultimate), whereasChinmoandKr-h1double knockout induced premature metamorphosis in L3. Sequencing and differential gene expression (DEG) analysis of RNA isolated from mutants and single-cell multiome ATAC analysis ofChinmo,Kr-h1, andChinmoandKr-h1double knockout Sf9 cells revealed that Chinmo participates in chromatin modifications that prevent the promoter accessibility and expression of metamorphosis promoting genes. These results suggest that Chinmo is a larval specifier that plays a major role in preventing metamorphosis in early larval stages by controlling chromatin accessibility near the promoters of genes such asBr-CandE93required for pupal and adult development.
Correlating enzymatic reactivity for different substrates using transferable data-driven collective variables
Authors: Das Sudip , Raucci Umberto , Neves Rui P. P. , Ramos Maria J. , Parrinello Michele
Published: November 2024

Machine learning (ML) is transforming the investigation of complex biological processes. In enzymatic catalysis, one significant challenge is identifying the reactive conformations (RC) of the enzyme:substrate complex where the substrate assumes a precise arrangement in the active site necessary to initiate a reaction. Traditional methods are hindered by the complexity of the multidimensional free energy landscape involved in the transition from nonreactive to reactive conformations. Here, we applied ML techniques to address this challenge, focusing on human pancreatic α-amylase, a crucial enzyme in type-II diabetes treatment. Using ML-based collective variables (CVs), we correlated the probability of being in a RC with the experimental catalytic activity of several malto-oligosaccharide substrates. Our findings demonstrate a remarkable transferability of these CVs across various compounds, significantly streamlining the modeling process and reducing both computational demand and manual intervention in setting up simulations for new substrates. This approach not only advances our understanding of enzymatic processes but also holds substantial potential for accelerating drug discovery by enabling rapid and accurate evaluation of drug efficacy across different generations of inhibitors.
Infrared Thermography: A Non-Invasive Way to Assess Animal Health and Productivity
Authors: Uddin Jashim
Published: November 2024

Dairy cattle may experience stress and anxiety due to rough handling by humans, extreme weather conditions, change in feed, social grouping, transportation, and limited access to pasture. Stress is the body’s response to a threat, while anxiety is persistent stress that impacts physical and psychological health. Cows experiencing consistent stress or anxiety tend to eat less, produce less milk, have reproductive issues, change in milk composition, spend more time being vigilant and are more prone to illness and mortality. Infrared thermography (IRT) detects temperature changes in an animal’s body caused by stress or anxiety. It measures heat radiation emitted from the body’s surface using an infrared sensor from a distance. Studies have shown that IRT of the eyes has the potential to automate the assessment of cow health, monitor changes in milk composition, and differentiate between sick and healthy animals, unlike rectal temperature recording, behavioural assessment, and milk composition tests. IRT of the eyes was found to be repeatable and positively correlated with rectal temperature, unlike rectal temperature measurements, which were found to be non-reproducible. Further research and refinement of IRT of the eyes could improve automated cow health monitoring and management.

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Is the private sector beginning to embrace the SDGs?
Authors: van der Waal Johannes W.H.
Published: November 2024

Businesses have increasingly engaged with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) since their introduction in 2015. Now, halfway through the implementation period leading up to 2030, this article evaluates how and to what extent companies are engaging with the SDGs. It analyzes 348 scholarly articles indexed in the Scopus database that explicitly mention the SDGs along with business-related keywords in their titles. A concise bibliometric analysis highlights the most important articles in the field and traces its development over time. A keyword co-occurrence analysis reveals key research topics, including sustainability reporting (its determinants and nature), the design of multistakeholder partnerships, and corporate contributions through innovative business models, creativity, and technical innovation. SDG reporting is driven by concerns over legitimacy and stakeholder management, while institutional, cultural, and national factors also play a role. However, SDG reporting tends to be symbolic rather than substantive, with intentional efforts falling short of meaningful impact. The results of SDG partnerships are similarly unconvincing, and integrating development goals, human rights, and environmental standards has proven challenging. SDG-relevant innovation holds opportunities for business, such as in health and circular business models, but evidence of successful models remains scarce. It is essential for companies to move beyond communication and more strategically incorporate the SDGs into their core activities, while measuring the SDG-relevant impacts of such efforts. Only by doing so can SDGs be meaningfully integrated into core business practices and contribute to global sustainable development.
Association of Dietary Fats with Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD): A Sustainable Decision
Authors: Alhouei Barbod , Ajami Marjan , Abdollahi Morteza , Doaei Saeid
Published: November 2024

Cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) account for almost 70% of deaths worldwide among non-communicable illnesses. The most common type of CVDs is ischemic heart disease (IHD). The Global Burden of Disease estimates that 126 million people are affected by IHD. This represents 1.72% of the world’s population. IHD may be avoided by practicing lifestyle management, including a balanced diet. One of the important components of a balanced diet is a precise fat choice. Based on our recent study, while other dietary fatty acids did not significantly increase the risk of IHD, it was discovered that healthy fats like omega-3 fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may lower the risk of IHD. Increased DHA consumption in the diet may be suggested as a preventative measure against IHD episodes if the findings of this study are validated in further investigations. DHA is an integral part of the Mediterranean diet, primarily obtained through regular fish consumption, and contributes to the overall health benefits. The Mediterranean diet, a model of a sustainable diet by balancing factors and its holistic approach to sustainability, makes it a valuable pattern for promoting both human and planetary health.

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Kerr geodesics in horizon-penetrating Kerr coordinates: description in terms of Weierstrass functions
Authors: Bakun Zuzanna , Łukanty Angelika , Untilova Anastasiia , Cieślik Adam , Mach Patryk
Published: November 2024

We revisit the theory of timelike and null geodesics in the (extended) Kerr spacetime. This work is a sequel to a recent paper by Cieślik, Hackmann, and Mach, who applied the so-called Biermann–Weierstrass formula to integrate Kerr geodesic equations expressed in Boyer–Lindquist coordinates. We show that a formulation based on the Biermann–Weierstrass theorem can also be applied in horizon-penetrating Kerr coordinates, resulting in solutions that are smooth across Kerr horizons. Horizon-penetrating Kerr coordinates allow for an explicit continuation of timelike and null geodesics between appropriate regions of the maximal analytic extension of the Kerr spacetime. A part of this work is devoted to a graphic visualisation of such geodesics.
Displacement-controlled coining of large arrays of gold stud bumps
Authors: Ozturk Mehmet Halit , Yilmaz Mehmet
Published: November 2024

A novel, simple, and low-cost displacement-controlled coining (DCC) process is developed for the coining of gold stud bumps. A bottom mold made of aluminum, which contains an array of geometrically well-defined cavities (nests) with known and pre-defined depth values in each nest, is designed and manufactured to adjust areas of coined surfaces and heights of coined stud bumps during the sequential DCC processes. A double-side-polished and thick borosilicate glass substrate is used as a flat surface to be in direct contact with the tails of the stud bumps to be coined. Above the glass substrate, another thick and rigid mold is positioned to uniformly apply the displacement-controlled deformation force to the stud bumps via the polished surface of the glass substrate. With the proposed DCC process, the height and bonding surface area of the stud bumps can be tailored for flip-chip bonding (FCB) processes, especially when the maximum applicable force configuration of the FCB tool is limited (maximum of 20 N) during thermo-sonic flip-chip bonding (TSFCB) processing. The proposed technique can be used to simultaneously coin arrays of stud bumps with high precision, providing an alternative, cost-effective, precise, and time-efficient processing of stud bumps prior to TSFCB applications.