bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transport Properties of Hybrids with Ferromagnetic MnAs Nanoclusters and Their Potential for New Magnetoelectronic Devices
Authors: Elm Matthias T. , Hara Shinjiro
Published: October 2014

Granular hybrid structures containing ferromagnetic nanoclusters embedded in a semiconducting matrix are an interesting class of materials as their properties can be tuned in a wide range. Hybrids are a promising alternative to dilute magnetic semiconductors in the field of spintronics and magnetoelectronics, because the nanoclusters can show ferromagnetic behavior even at room temperature. In this review, it is focused on the rather well investigated dilute magnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As with MnAs inclusions. Different preparation methods are presented which were developed over the last two decades in order to obtain MnAs nanoclusters in the semiconducting matrix and to tune the structural and magnetic properties of these clusters. Recent results on the influence of the nanoclusters on the hybrids' transport properties as well as first approaches to use hybrids with a random nanocluster distribution in new spintronic devices are discussed. In addition, the perspective of using single MnAs nanoclusters as well as ordered arrangements of a few nanoclusters in new planar magnetoelectronic devices is illustrated.
Altering the viscosity of cationically modified cellulose polymers by the addition of salt
Authors: Donnelly Marc W. , Hailemichael Mahilet , Liberatore Matthew W.
Published: October 2014

The concentration dependence of viscosity is examined for four cationically modified cellulose polymers (UCARE™ JR400, UCARE™ JR30M, UCARE™ LR400, and UCARE™ LR30M) in both salt‐free and 50 mMNaCl solution. Similarities in the four polymer systems include: Newtonian viscosity in the dilute regime, shear thinning at higher concentrations, four concentration regimes in salt‐free solution, and three concentration regimes in salt solution. The zero shear rate viscosity and the degree of shear thinning increase with increasing polymer concentration in both salt and salt‐free solutions. While the addition of salt to the lower molecular weight polymers JR400 and LR400 resulted in small changes in viscosity across all concentrations, JR30M and LR30M exhibited significant decreases (up to 81%) and increases (up to 57%) in viscosity upon the addition of salt in the semidilute and entangled regimes, respectively. This viscosity increase in the entangled regime (when comparing salt‐free and 50 mM NaCl solutions) is reported for the first time in cationically modified cellulose polymers. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 41616.
Restoring physiological levels of ascorbate slows tumor growth and moderates HIF‐1 pathway activity in Gulo−/− mice
Authors: Campbell Elizabeth J. , Vissers Margreet C. M. , Bozonet Stephanie , Dyer Arron , Robinson Bridget A , Dachs Gabi U.
Published: October 2014

Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) governs cellular adaption to the hypoxic microenvironment and is associated with a proliferative, metastatic, and treatment‐resistant tumor phenotype. HIF‐1 levels and transcriptional activity are regulated by proline and asparagine hydroxylases, which require ascorbate as cofactor. Ascorbate supplementation reduced HIF‐1 activation in vitro, but only limited data are available in relevant animal models. There is no information of the effect of physiological levels of ascorbate on HIF activity and tumor growth, which was measured in this study. C57BL/6 Gulo−/− mice (a model of the human ascorbate dependency condition) were supplemented with 3300 mg/L, 330 mg/L, or 33 mg/L of ascorbate in their drinking water before and during subcutaneous tumor growth of B16‐F10 melanoma or Lewis lung carcinoma (LL/2). Ascorbate levels in tumors increased significantly with elevated ascorbate intake and restoration of wild‐type ascorbate levels led to a reduction in growth of B16‐F10 (log phase P < 0.001) and LL/2 tumors (lag growth P < 0.001, log phase P < 0.05). Levels of HIF‐1α protein in tumors decreased as dietary ascorbate supplementation increased for both tumor models (P < 0.001). Similarly, tumor ascorbate was inversely correlated with levels of the HIF‐1 target proteins CA‐IX, GLUT‐1, and VEGF in both B16‐F10 and LL/2 tumors (P < 0.05). The extent of necrosis was similar between ascorbate groups but varied between models (30% for B16‐F10 and 21% for LL/2), indicating that ascorbate did not affect tumor hypoxia. Our data support the hypothesis that restoration of optimal intracellular ascorbate levels reduces tumor growth via moderation of HIF‐1 pathway activity.
A novel multi‐mode data processing method and its application in industrial process monitoring
Authors: Wang Guozhu , Liu Jianchang , Zhang Yingwei , Li Yuan
Published: October 2014

Multi‐mode process monitoring is a key issue often raised in industrial process control. Most multivariate statistical process monitoring strategies, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares, make an essential assumption that the collected data follow a unimodal or Gaussian distribution. However, owing to the complexity and the multi‐mode feature of industrial processes, the collected data usually follow different distributions. This paper proposes a novel multi‐mode data processing method called weighted k neighbourhood standardisation (WKNS) to address the multi‐mode data problem. This method can transform multi‐mode data into an approximately unimodal or Gaussian distribution. The results of theoretical analysis and discussion suggest that the WKNS strategy is more suitable for multi‐mode data normalisation than the z‐score method is. Furthermore, a new fault detection approach called WKNS‐PCA is developed and applied to detect process outliers. This method does not require process knowledge and multi‐mode modelling; only a single model is required for multi‐mode process monitoring. The proposed method is tested on a numerical example and the Tennessee Eastman process. Finally, the results demonstrate that the proposed data preprocessing and process monitoring methods are particularly suitable and effective in multi‐mode data normalisation and industrial process fault detection. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phormidolides B and C, Cytotoxic Agents from the Sea: Enantioselective Synthesis of the Macrocyclic Core
Authors: Lorente Adriana , Gil Alejandro , Fernández Rogelio , Cuevas Carmen , Albericio Fernando , Álvarez Mercedes
Published: October 2014

New cytotoxic polyketide macrolides named phormidolides B and C were isolated from a marine sponge of the Petrosiidae family collected off the coast of Pemba (Tanzania). The isolation, structure elucidation, and enantioselective synthesis of three diastereomers of the macrocyclic core is described herein. The described synthetic methodology started from 2‐deoxy‐D‐ribose or 2‐deoxy‐L‐ribose and afforded the desired macrocycles with high enantiomeric purity. The key step of the synthesis is the formation of the Z‐trisubstituted double bond using a Julia–Kocienski olefination. The versatility of the synthetic methodology may provide access to other enantiopure macrocycles by making changes in the starting materials or chiral inductors.
Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Supramolecular Helical Fibres from Amphiphilic C3‐Symmetrical Functional Tris(tetrathiafulvalenes)
Authors: Pop Flavia , Melan Caroline , Danila Ion , Linares Mathieu , Beljonne David , Amabilino David B. , Avarvari Narcis
Published: October 2014

The preparation and self‐assembly of the enantiomers of a series of C3‐symmetric compounds incorporating three tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) residues is reported. The chiral citronellyl and dihydrocitronellyl alkyl chains lead to helical one dimensional stacks in solution. Molecular mechanics and dynamics simulations combined with experimental and theoretical circular dichroism support the observed helicity in solution. These stacks self‐assemble to give fibres that have morphologies that depend on the nature of the chiral alkyl group and the medium in which the compounds aggregate. An inversion of macroscopic helical morphology of the citronellyl compound is observed when compared to analogous 2‐methylbutyl chains, which is presumably a result of the stereogenic centre being further away from the core of the molecule. This composition still allows both morphologies to be observed, whereas an achiral compound shows no helicity. The morphology of the fibres also depends on the flexibility at the chain ends of the amphiphilic components, as there is not such an apparently persistent helical morphology for the dihydrocitronellyl derivative as for that prepared from citronellyl chains.
ChemInform Abstract: CuLi2Sn and Cu2LiSn: Characterization by Single Crystal XRD and Structural Discussion Towards New Anode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Fuertauer Siegfried , Effenberger Herta S. , Flandorfer Hans
Published: October 2014

The title compounds are prepared by induction melting of the pure elements (Ta crucible, 1100 °C, 10—20 s) followed by annealing at 400 °C for 35 d.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Characterization and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Sodium—Scandium Carbonate Na5Sc(CO3)4·2H2O.
Authors: Chen Jie , Luo Min , Ye Ning
Published: October 2014

Na5Sc(CO3)4·2H2O (I) is prepared under subcritical hydrothermal conditions using stoichiometric amounts of Na2CO3, NaF, and Sc(NO3)3 (autoclave, 22 °C, 5 d, 91% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Properties of Alluaudite‐Like Triple Molybdate Na25Cs8Fe5(MoO4)24.
Authors: Savina Aleksandra A. , Solodovnikov Sergey F. , Belov Dmitry A. , Basovich Olga M. , Solodovnikova Zoya A. , Pokholok Konstantin V. , Stefanovich Sergey Yu. , Lazoryak Bogdan I. , Khaikina Elena G.
Published: October 2014

The new title molybdate is synthesized by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Na2MoO4, Cs2MoO4, and Fe2(MoO4)3 (673—743 K, 40—60 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Highly Enantiopure β‐Lactam Derivatives from Biocatalytic Transformations of Amides and Nitriles.
Authors: Ao Yu‐Fei , Leng Dong‐Hui , Wang De‐Xian , Zhao Liang , Wang Mei‐Xiang
Published: October 2014

It is demonstrated that the amidase involved in Rh.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed α‐Ketocyclopropanation of Norbornenes with Propargyl Acetates.
Authors: Tanioka Yuta , Tsukada Naofumi
Published: October 2014

The reaction proceeds with excellent stereoselectivity, affording a single isomer in each case.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrosilylation of Various Multiple Bonds by a Simple Combined Catalyst of a Tungstate Monomer and Rhodium Acetate.
Authors: Itagaki Shintaro , Sunaba Hanako , Kamata Keigo , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: October 2014

A novel widely usable hydrosilylation system using a combined catalyst of a tungstate monomer and rhodium acetate is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound‐Assisted C—C Coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Unique SPION‐A‐Pd(EDTA) as a Robust Nanocatalyst.
Authors: Ghotbinejad Marzieh , Khosropour Ahmad R. , Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Moghadam Majid , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Mirkhani Valiollah
Published: October 2014

A new palladium‐EDTA‐complex‐tagged dicationic liquid with a 1,3,5‐triazine core anchored to supermagnetic nanoparticles is developed and successfully used as heterogeneous catalyst for Heck and Suzuki coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Amidation of Phenol Derivatives: A Direct Synthesis of Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) from Hydroquinone.
Authors: Joncour Roxan , Duguet Nicolas , Metay Estelle , Ferreira Amadeo , Lemaire Marc
Published: October 2014

A direct and catalyst‐free synthesis of paracetamol (V) using ammonium acetate as an amidating agent is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Chloral Hydrate as a Water Carrier for the Efficient Deprotection of Acetals, Dithioacetals, and Tetrahydropyranyl Ethers in Organic Solvents.
Authors: Chandrasekhar Sosale , Shrinidhi Annadka
Published: October 2014

A novel method for the selective deprotection of acetals, dithioacetals and Thp‐ethers under mild and neutral conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Conditions for the Proline‐Catalyzed Aldol Reaction of Acetone with Aliphatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Martinez Alberto , Zumbansen Kristina , Doehring Arno , van Gemmeren Manuel , List Benjamin
Published: October 2014

The reaction can be scaled up.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Catalyst Free Synthesis of Nitrogen Containing Spiro Heterocycles via [5 + 1] Double Michael Addition Reaction.
Authors: Aggarwal Komal , Vij Kanika , Khurana Jitender M.
Published: October 2014

A facile protocol is developed for the double Michael addition of pentadienones (II) with barbituric acid derivatives to give diazaspiro compounds in good yields and short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Catalytic Hydrogenation of Imines with Recyclable [2.2]Paracyclophane‐Derived Frustrated Lewis Pairs Catalysts.
Authors: Wang Guan , Chen Cheng , Du Tieqi , Zhong Weihui
Published: October 2014

The synthesis of the catalyst PCP is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Indian Natrolite Zeolite‐Supported Cu Nanoparticles: A New and Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for N‐Arylation of Sulfonamides with Boronic Acids in Water under Ligand‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Azarifar Davood , Soleimanei Fatemeh
Published: October 2014

A novel method for the synthesis and N‐arylation of sulfonamides under ligand‐free conditions using Natrolite zeolite supported copper nanoparticles as catalyst is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Dimeric Phosphine Ylide Cu(I) Complexes: Application in Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reactions and Biological Evaluation as Antibacterial Agents.
Authors: Sabounchei Seyyed Javad , Pourshahbaz Mahbubeh , Hashemi Ali , Ahmadi Mohsen , Karamian Roya , Asadbegy Mostafa , Khavasi Hamid Reza
Published: October 2014

The shown catalyst gives the best results in the presented Suzuki cross coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 4‐Substituted 3‐Amino‐2‐cyanothiophenes Involving O‐Ethyl Thioformate.
Authors: Zhang Haiming , Bednarz Mark S. , Lim Ngiap‐Kie , Hernandez Gonzalo , Wu Wenxue
Published: October 2014

A one‐pot access to 3‐amino‐2‐cyanothiophenes is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Baeyer—Villiger Rearrangement of a Substituted Pyrrole by Oxone.
Authors: Kao Joseph P. Y. , Muralidharan Sukumaran , Zavalij Peter Y. , Fletcher Steven , Xue Fengtian , Rosen Gerald M.
Published: October 2014

Treatment of the highly substituted pyrrole (I) with Oxone in ethanol results in the formation of unexpected dearomatized product (III) via Baeyer—Villiger‐type oxidation and subsequent rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: L‐Proline Catalyzed Multicomponent One‐Pot Synthesis of gem‐Diheteroarylmethane Derivatives Using Facile Grinding Operation under Solvent‐Free Conditions at Room Temperature.
Authors: Brahmachari Goutam , Das Suvankar
Published: October 2014

The advantages are mild reaction condition, high atom‐economy, good yields, and eco‐friendliness.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclododecanone as a Recyclable Protecting Group for the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 3‐Amino‐2‐thiohydantoins from Conventional Starting Materials.
Authors: Sathishkumar Munusamy , Ramachandran Gunasekar , Sathiyanarayanan Kulathu Iyer
Published: October 2014

The use of cyclododecanone‐protected thiosemicarbazide (I) for the synthesis of highly functionalized 3‐amino‐2‐thiohydantoins (IV) is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐Addition Reaction of 5H‐Oxazol‐4‐ones to Allenic Esters and Ketones Catalyzed by Chiral Guanidines.
Authors: Jin Nari , Misaki Tomonori , Sugimura Takashi
Published: October 2014

Title reaction of 2‐halophenyl‐substituted 5H‐oxazol‐4‐ones [(I) or (V), resp.] provides adducts [(III) or (VI), resp.] with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Hypoiodite Catalyzed Oxidative Cycloetherification Approach to Benzoxazoles
Authors: Boominathan Siva Senthil Kumar , Hu Wan‐Ping , Senadi Gopal Chandru , Vandavasi Jaya Kishore , Wang Jeh‐Jeng
Published: October 2014

24 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Aroylation and Acetoxylation of 3,5‐Diarylisoxazole via ortho C—H Functionalizations.
Authors: Banerjee Arghya , Bera Anupam , Santra Sourav Kumar , Guin Srimanta , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: October 2014

A chelation‐assisted approach to demonstrate the higher directing ability of N over O in 3,5‐dihydroisoxazoles (I) and (VI) in Pd‐catalyzed oxidative ortho‐aryl substitution reactions is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Straightforward Protocol to 3,5‐Disubstituted 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles from Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Ramu Tadikonda , Prasanthi Sarakula , Mangarao Nakka , Basha Gajula Mahaboob , Srinuvasarao Rayavarapu , Siddaiah Vidavalur
Published: October 2014

The mGlu5 receptor antagonist (IIIh) and its analogues are readily prepared by a condensation of carboxylic acids (I) with a triazinyl chloride (CDMT) followed by cyclization of intermediate activated esters with amidoximes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Regiocontrolled Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylative Cyclizations of Alkynols.
Authors: Fujino Daishi , Yorimitsu Hideki , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: October 2014

The first catalyst dependent arylative 5‐exo and 6‐endo cyclizations of alkynols are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C3‐Selective Mono‐Arylation of 4‐Hydroxycoumarin.
Authors: Yakushiji Fumika , Haramo Masako , Miyadera Yukari , Uchiyama Chihiro , Takayama Kentaro , Hayashi Yoshio
Published: October 2014

A novel catalytic system is developed for the C3 regioselective mono‐arylation of 4‐hydroxycoumarin.
ChemInform Abstract: C2‐Arylation of Substituted Pyridine N‐Oxides with Heteroaryl Carboxylic Acids by Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling.
Authors: Suresh Rajendran , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam , Kumaran Rajendran Senthil , Manickam Govindaswamy
Published: October 2014

N‐Methylimidazole‐2‐carboxylic acid and N‐methylpyrrole‐2‐carboxylic acid fail to provide coupling products yielding the corresponding protodecarboxylated compounds instead.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Isocyanates with 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Morimoto Masao , Nishida Yui , Miura Tomoya , Murakami Masahiro
Published: October 2014

The enantiomeric excess of products other than (V) is not determined.
ChemInform Abstract: A Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Caroverine Derivatives via TEMPO‐Promoted Aerobic Oxidative C—N Bond Formation.
Authors: Kobayashi Yusuke , Suzuki Yusuke , Ogata Tokutaro , Kimachi Tetsutaro , Takemoto Yoshiji
Published: October 2014

The synthesis of caroverine derivatives is based on a tandem nitrosation/aerobic C‐N bond formation reaction of substrate (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Condensation—Heterocyclization Reactions: Iodine Catalyzed Four Component Synthesis of 1,3‐Thiazine.
Authors: Sathishkumar Munusamy , Sathiyanarayanan Kulathu Iyer
Published: October 2014

A facile one‐pot protocol allows the synthesis of 1,3‐thiazines through condensation of β‐naphthol with aromatic aldehydes, followed by thia‐Michael addition, and cyclodehydration.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Addition of P(O)—H Bonds to Alkynes Catalyzed by Transition Metals Immobilized on Polystyrene‐Bound Triphenylphosphine.
Authors: Chen Tieqiao , Zhou Yongbo , Guo Cancheng , Han Li‐Biao
Published: October 2014

The immobilized catalyst can be easily recovered from the reaction mixture via simple centrifugal separation and reused several times without severe deactivation.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Syntheses of Leuconoxine, Leuconodine B, and Melodinine E by Oxidative Cyclic Aminal Formation and Diastereoselective Ring‐Closing Metathesis.
Authors: Umehara Atsushi , Ueda Hirofumi , Tokuyama Hidetoshi
Published: October 2014

The total syntheses of the monoterpene indole alkaloids leuconoxine (IX), leuconodine B (VIII) and melodinine E (X) are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Etching for Controlled Synthesis of Metal Nanocrystals: Atomic Addition and Subtraction
Authors: Long Ran , Zhou Shan , Wiley Benjamin J. , Xiong Yujie
Published: October 2014

Review: 152 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Potassium Nitrosodisulfonate (Fremy′s Salt)
Authors: Rastegar Toktam Faal
Published: October 2014

Review: 11 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chlorosulfonic Acid: A High Potential Reagent in Catalyst Design
Authors: Khakyzadeh Vahid
Published: October 2014

Review: 22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Trianionic Pincer and Pincer‐Type Metal Complexes and Catalysts
Authors: O'Reilly Matthew E. , Veige Adam S.
Published: October 2014

Review: synthesis, characterization, properties, and catalytic applications of trianionic pincer metal complexes;171 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis for Total Synthesis: A Personal Account
Authors: Fuerstner Alois
Published: October 2014

Review: [141 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design Strategies for Enhanced Hydrogen‐Bond Donor Catalysts
Authors: Auvil Tyler J. , Schafer Andrew G. , Mattson Anita E.
Published: October 2014

Review: [62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Pentamethylcyclopentadienylsilicon(II) Cation: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity
Authors: Jutzi Peter
Published: October 2014

Review: [119 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Orthoester Johnson—Claisen Rearrangement in the Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules, Natural Products, and Synthetic Intermediates — Recent Advances
Authors: Fernandes Rodney A. , Chowdhury Asim K. , Kattanguru Pullaiah
Published: October 2014

Review: [211 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies Toward the Synthesis of Amphiphilic Porphyrins
Authors: Pisarek Sabina , Maximova Ksenia , Gryko Dorota
Published: October 2014

Review: [153 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Compounds Derived from Echinoderms
Authors: Gomes Ana R. , Freitas Ana C. , Rocha‐Santos Teresa A. P. , Duarte Armando C.
Published: October 2014

Review: structure, distribution, biosynthetic origin, and activity of bioactive compounds derived from echinoderms discovered between 2009—2013; 122 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Au Catalysts for Acetylene Hydrochlorination and Carbon Monoxide Oxidation
Authors: Hutchings Graham J.
Published: October 2014

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Designing Catalysts for Tomorrow′s Environmentally Benign Processes
Authors: Thomas John Meurig
Published: October 2014

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modification of the Chitosan Structure and Properties Using High‐energy Chemistry Methods
Authors: Demina T. S. , Gilman A. B. , Akopova T. A. , Zelenetskii A. N.
Published: October 2014

Review: 129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Laser‐induced Magnetization Dynamics and Reversal in Ferrimagnetic Alloys
Authors: Kirilyuk Andrei , Kimel Alexey V. , Rasing Theo
Published: October 2014

Review: 165 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Performance Polymers from Nature: Catalytic Routes and Processes for Industry
Authors: Walther Guido
Published: October 2014

Review: [34 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Physiochemical and Microbiological Analysis of Surface and Underground Water in Ikono Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Etim Ubong J. , Essieh Edidiong A. , Uwah Unyime I.
Published: October 2014

Review: 17 refs.
The effects of Ca2+and ADP on dynein switching during the beat cycle of reactivated bull sperm models
Authors: Lesich Kathleen A. , dePinho Tania G. , Dionne Benjamin J. , Lindemann Charles B.
Published: October 2014

Calcium regulation of flagellar motility is the basis for chemotaxis, phototaxis, and hyperactivation responses in eukaryotic flagellates and spermatozoa. Ca2+is the internal messenger for these responses, but the coupling between Ca2+and the motor mechanism that generates the flagellar beat is incompletely understood. We examined the effects of Ca2+on the flagellar curvature at the switch‐points of the beat cycle in bull sperm. The sperm were detergent extracted and reactivated with 0.1 mM adenosine triphosphate (ATP). With their heads immobilized and their tails beating freely it is possible to calculate the bending torque and the transverse force acting on the flagellum at the switch‐points. An increase in the free Ca2+concentration (pCa 8 to pCa 4) significantly decreased the development of torque and t‐force in the principal bending direction, while having negligible effect on the reverse bend. The action of Ca2+was more pronounced when the sperm were also treated with 4 mM adenosine diphosphate (ADP); it was sufficient to change the direction of bending that reaches the greater curvature. We also observed that the curvature of the distal half of the flagellum became locked in one direction in the presence of Ca2+. This indicates that a subset of the dynein becomes continuously activated by Ca2+and fails to switch with the beat cycle. Our evidence suggests this subset of dyneins is localized to doublets #1–4 of the axoneme. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical next‐generation sequencing in patients with non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hagemann Ian S. , Devarakonda Siddhartha , Lockwood Christina M. , Spencer David H. , Guebert Kalin , Bredemeyer Andrew J. , Al‐Kateb Hussam , Nguyen TuDung T. , Duncavage Eric J. , Cottrell Catherine E. , Kulkarni Shashikant , Nagarajan Rakesh , Seibert Karen , Baggstrom Maria , Waqar Saiama N. , Pfeifer John D. , Morgensztern Daniel , Govindan Ramaswamy
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND

A clinical assay was implemented to perform next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of genes commonly mutated in multiple cancer types. This report describes the feasibility and diagnostic yield of this assay in 381 consecutive patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODS

Clinical targeted sequencing of 23 genes was performed with DNA from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue. The assay used Agilent SureSelect hybrid capture followed by Illumina HiSeq 2000, MiSeq, or HiSeq 2500 sequencing in a College of American Pathologists–accredited, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments–certified laboratory. Single‐nucleotide variants and insertion/deletion events were reported. This assay was performed before methods were developed to detect rearrangements by NGS.

RESULTS

Two hundred nine of all requisitioned samples (55%) were successfully sequenced. The most common reason for not performing the sequencing was an insufficient quantity of tissue available in the blocks (29%). Excisional, endoscopic, and core biopsy specimens were sufficient for testing in 95%, 66%, and 40% of the cases, respectively. The median turnaround time (TAT) in the pathology laboratory was 21 days, and there was a trend of an improved TAT with more rapid sequencing platforms. Sequencing yielded a mean coverage of 1318×. Potentially actionable mutations (ie, predictive or prognostic) were identified in 46% of 209 samples and were most commonly found in KRAS (28%), epidermal growth factor receptor (14%), phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase catalytic subunit alpha (4%), phosphatase and tensin homolog (1%), and BRAF (1%). Five percent of the samples had multiple actionable mutations. A targeted therapy was instituted on the basis of NGS in 11% of the sequenced patients or in 6% of all patients.

CONCLUSIONS

NGS‐based diagnostics are feasible in NSCLC and provide clinically relevant information from readily available FFPE tissue. The sample type is associated with the probability of successful testing. Cancer 2015;121:631–639. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Electrochromic Devices Based on Disubstituted Oxo‐Bipyridinium Ionic Liquids
Authors: Jordão Noémi , Cruz Hugo , Branco Aida , Pina Fernando , Branco Luis C.
Published: October 2014

Electrochromic symmetric and non‐symmetric disubstituted oxo‐bipyridinium ionic liquids are developed in high purities and yields. Detailed spectroscopic (NMR, FTIR and elemental analysis), thermal (DSC for melting point and glass transition temperatures, Tg determination) and electrochemical (cyclic and square wave voltammetry for determination of redox potential and evaluation of reversibility behaviour) analyses are performed. The most promising electrochromic oxo‐bipyridinium ionic liquids in combination with transparent electrolytes are tested as reversible electrochromic devices. More efficient and sustainable electrochromic devices inspired by bipyridinium ionic liquids can be conceived for industrial applications such as electrochromic car rear‐view mirrors and smart windows.
Nonstoichiometry of AIIBVI semiconductors
Authors: Avetissov Igor , Mozhevitina Elena , Khomyakov Andrew , Avetisov Roman
Published: October 2014

Homogeneity regions of ZnTe, CdTe, CdSe, and CdS were determined by the direct physic‐chemical “extraction” technique combined with the high temperature equilibrium freezing technique. The general scheme of homogeneity range for all studied compounds has been constructed according to which “wurtzite‐zincblende” transition occurred by peritectic reactions from both Metal and Chalcogen rich sides. The analysis of nonstoichiometry as a solid solution of an over‐stoichiometric component in the above compounds has been fulfilled. The thermodynamic parameters of stability of “wurtzite‐zincblende” transition were estimated.
Slow Exchange of Bidentate Ligands between Rhodium(I) Complexes: Evidence of Both Neutral and Anionic Ligand Exchange
Authors: Chen Si , Manoury Eric , Poli Rinaldo
Published: October 2014

The phosphine double exchange process involving [RhCl(COD)(TPP)] and [Rh(acac)(CO)(TMOPP)] (TPP = PPh3, TMOPP = P(C6H4‐4‐OMe)3) to yield [RhCl(COD)(TMOPP)] and [Rh(acac)(CO)(TPP)] is very rapid but is followed by a much slower process where the bidentate ligands are exchanged to yield [Rh(acac)(COD)] and a mixture of [RhCl(CO)(TPP)2], [RhCl(CO)(TMOPP)2], and [RhCl(CO)(TPP)(TMOPP)]. The exchange involving [RhCl(COD)(L)] and [Rh(acac)(CO)(L)] yields [Rh(acac)(COD)] and [RhCl(CO)(L)2], where the reaction is much faster when L = TPP than when L = TMOPP. The mixed‐metal system comprising [IrCl(COD)(TPP)] and [Rh(acac)(CO)(TPP)] yields all four complexes [M(acac)(COD)] and [MCl(CO)(TPP)2], where M = Rh and Ir. This illustrates that both a neutral ligand exchange and an anionic ligand exchange occur. Possible pathways for these processes are discussed.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Access to Isoquinolines and Heterocycle‐Fused Pyridines in Aqueous Medium through C–H Cleavage
Authors: Zhang Jitan , Qian Hongsheng , Liu Zhanxiang , Xiong Chunhua , Zhang Yuhong
Published: October 2014

An efficient RhIII‐catalyzed ortho‐C–H bond activation for the synthesis of substituted isoquinolines and heterocycle‐fused pyridines in aqueous medium has been developed. This method involves the in situ generation of ketimines from ketones and ammonium acetate and subsequent oxidative C–H bond activation/annulation of ketimines with alkynes to form the C–C/C–N bonds spontaneously. Various aryl ketones and internal alkynes were smoothly transformed into the desired heterocycles in moderate to excellent yields. The reaction exploits molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant by producing water as the only byproduct. Moreover, easily available NH4OAc was utilized as the nitrogen source, which makes this protocol practical and environmentally friendly.
Effect of cooling methods on residual compressive strength and cracking behavior of fly ash concretes exposed at elevated temperatures
Authors: Shaikh Faiz U. A. , Vimonsatit Vanissorn
Published: October 2014

This paper presents the effects of cooling methods on residual compressive strength and cracking behavior of concretes containing four different class F fly ash contents of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% as partial replacement of cement at various elevated temperatures. The residual compressive strength of the aforementioned fly ash concretes is measured after being exposed to 200, 400, 600 and 800 °C temperatures and two different cooling methods, for example, slow cooling and rapid water cooling. Results show that the residual compressive strengths of all fly ash concretes decrease with increase in temperatures irrespective of cooling regimes, which is similar to that of ordinary concrete. Generally, control ordinary concrete and all fly ash concretes exhibited between 10% and 35% more reduction in residual compressive strength because of rapid cooling than slow cooling except few cases. Cracks are observed over concrete specimens after being exposed to temperatures ranging from 400 to 800 °C. Samples that are slowly cooled developed smaller cracks than those rapidly cooled. At 800 °C, all fly ash concretes that are exposed to rapid cooling showed the most severe cracking. X‐ray diffraction analysis shows reduction of Ca(OH)2 peak and formation of new calcium silicate peak in concretes containing 20% and 40% fly ash when subjected to 800 °C in both cooling methods. Thermo gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis results show increase in thermal stability of concrete with increase in fly ash contents. The existing Eurocode also predicted the compressive strength of fly ash concretes with reasonable accuracy when subjected to the aforementioned elevated temperatures and cooling methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed neural representations of logical arguments in school‐age children
Authors: Mathieu Romain , Booth James R. , Prado Jérôme
Published: October 2014

Children's understanding of linear‐order (e.g., Dan is taller than Lisa, Lisa is taller than Jess) and set‐inclusion (i.e., All tulips are flowers, All flowers are plants) relationships is critical for the acquisition of deductive reasoning, that is, the ability to reach logically valid conclusions from given premises. Behavioral and neuroimaging studies in adults suggest processing differences between these relations: While arguments that involve linear‐orders may be preferentially associated with spatial processing, arguments that involve set‐inclusions may be preferentially associated with verbal processing. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate whether these processing differences appear during the period of elementary school in development. Consistent with previous studies in adults, we found that arguments that involve linear‐order and set‐inclusion relationships preferentially involve spatial and verbal brain mechanisms (respectively) in school‐age children (9–14 year olds). Because this neural sensitivity was not related to age, it likely emerges before the period of elementary education. However, the period of elementary education might play an important role in shaping the neural processing of logical reasoning, as indicated by developmental changes in frontal and parietal regions that were dependent on the type of relation. Hum Brain Mapp 36:996–1009, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy: Surgical technique illustrated in the anatomy laboratory
Authors: Holsinger F. Christopher , Tomeh Chafeek , Moore Michael W. , Yan Wang , Chen Crystal , Laccourreye Ollivier
Published: October 2014

Background.Methods.Results.Conclusion. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 906–908, 2015
The Finnish prostate cancer screening trial: Analyses on the screening failures
Authors: Kilpeläinen Tuomas P. , Tammela Teuvo L.J. , Malila Nea , Hakama Matti , Santti Henrikki , Määttänen Liisa , Stenman Ulf‐Håkan , Kujala Paula , Auvinen Anssi
Published: October 2014

Prostate cancer (PC) screening with prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) has been shown to decrease PC mortality in the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC). However, in the Finnish trial, which is the largest component of the ERSPC, no statistically significant mortality reduction was observed. We investigated which had the largest impact on PC deaths in the screening arm: non‐participation, interval cancers or PSA threshold. The screening (SA) and control (CA) arms comprised altogether 80,144 men. Men in the SA were screened at four‐year intervals and referred to biopsy if the PSA concentration was ≥4.0 ng/ml, or 3.0–3.99 ng/ml with a free/total PSA ratio ≤16%. The median follow‐up was 15.0 years. A counterfactual exclusion method was applied to estimate the effect of three subgroups in the SA: the non‐participants, the screen‐negative men with PSA ≥3.0 ng/ml and a subsequent PC diagnosis, and the men with interval PCs. The absolute risk of PC death was 0.76% in the SA and 0.85% in the CA; the observed hazard ratio (HR) was 0.89 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76–1.04). After correcting for non‐attendance, the HR was 0.78 (0.64–0.96); predicted effect for a hypothetical PSA threshold of 3.0 ng/ml the HR was 0.88 (0.74–1.04) and after eliminating the effect of interval cancers the HR was 0.88 (0.74–1.04). Non‐participating men in the SA had a high risk of PC death and a large impact on PC mortality. A hypothetical lower PSA threshold and elimination of interval cancers would have had a less pronounced effect on the screening impact.
Role of Calcium and Calpain in the Downregulation of Voltage‐Gated Sodium Channel Expression by the Pyrethroid Pesticide Deltamethrin
Authors: Magby Jason P. , Richardson Jason R.
Published: October 2014

Voltage‐gated sodium channels (Nav) are essential for initiation and propagation of action potentials. Previous in vitro studies reported that exposure to the Nav toxins veratridine and α scorpion toxin cause persistent downregulation of Nav mRNA in vitro. However the mechanism of this downregulation is not well characterized. Here, we report that the type‐II pyrethroid deltamethrin, which has a similar mechanism as these toxins, elicited an approximate 25% reduction in Nav 1.2 and Nav 1.3 mRNA in SK‐N‐AS cells. Deltamethrin‐induced decreases of Nav mRNA were blocked with the Nav antagonist tetrodotoxin, demonstrating a primary role for interaction with Nav. Pre–treatment with the intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA‐AM and the calpain inhibitor PD‐150606 also prevented these decreases, identifying a role for intracellular calcium and calpain activation. Because alterations in Nav expression and function can result in neurotoxicity, additional studies are warranted to determine whether or not such effects occur in vivo.
A parametric convex meshfree formulation for approximating the Helmholtz solution in circular coaxial waveguide
Authors: Wang Li‐Fang
Published: October 2014

The application of convex meshfree approximation to the time‐harmonic electromagnetic wave propagation analysis of a waveguide with non‐convex cross section such as the circular coaxial waveguide remains unsolved. This paper introduces a parametric convex meshfree formulation for the circular coaxial waveguide analysis. The present method reformulates the convex meshfree approximation on the basis of a special parametric space―an extended parametric domain. The new parametric domain ensures a one‐to‐one geometric mapping using the convex meshfree approximation and allows the convex meshfree method to be applied to the oscillatory type of Helmholtz equation for circular coaxial waveguide analysis. Both transverse electric and transverse magnetic mode studies are conducted using the present method, and results are compared with the standard bilinear finite element method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of starches from five plants of Sect. Stenophora Uline and Sect. Lasiophyton Uline of Dioscorea grown in China
Authors: Jiang Qian‐Qian , Gao Wen‐Yuan , Shi Yan‐Peng , Li Xia , Wang Hai‐Yang
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND

Dioscorea resources with vital medicinal and functional values are abundant in south‐west regions of China, especially in Sichuan Province. However, the resource in this region has received less attention compared with that of the north. D. zingiberensis, D. collettii, D. kamoonensis cv. Emei and Jinfo, and D. melanophyma from Sichuan Province and Chongqing City were studied with regard to the most abundant carbohydrate (starch) to search for new medicinal and food resources.

RESULTS

The starches were small round granules or small oval granules and large elongated granules, except D. zingiberensis starch granules, which were disc‐like in shape. D. zingiberensis and D. collettii starches showed higher values in total starch content, water‐binding capacity and infrared ratio of absorbance bands at 1047/1035 and 1047/1022 cm−1. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis demonstrated a higher gelatinisation temperature required more energy during the gelatinisation process. D. zingiberensis and D. collettii starches showed higher resistant starch content of 724.0 and 693.2 g kg−1, respectively, with lower hydrolysis index and estimation of glycaemic index. All the starches exhibited an A‐type pattern except D. melanophyma starch, which showed a C‐type pattern evaluated by X‐ray diffraction.

CONCLUSION

These results showed that the starches with their low hydrolysis index values possessed potential values as healthy food. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Suppression of cadmium concentration in wheat grains by silicon is related to its application rate and cadmium accumulating abilities of cultivars
Authors: Naeem Asif , Saifullah  , Ghafoor Abdul , Farooq Muhammad
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND

Cadmium concentration in food grains could be minimised through application of beneficial plant nutrients such as silicon. Therefore, the impact of silicon application on immobilisation of Cd in soil and its concentration in low and high shoot‐Cd (LSCd and HSCd, respectively) cultivars of wheat were evaluated in a pot experiment. Selected LSCd cultivars (Iqbal‐2000 and Lasani‐2008) and HSCd cultivars (Inqlab‐91 and Sehar‐2006) were grown on artificially Cd contaminated soil at 10 mg Cd kg−1. Three levels of Si (50, 100 and 150 mg kg−1 soil), applied as calcium silicate (CaSiO3), were tested.

RESULTS

None of the wheat cultivars showed any symptoms of toxicity or growth retardation against applied Cd stress. Silicon applied to Cd‐treated plants did not improve root and shoot dry matter; however, it increased grain yield significantly at the highest rate of application (150 mg kg−1 soil). Similarly, Si application at 150 mg kg−1 decreased plant available soil Cd without affecting soil pH. Silicon application not only caused a linear decrease in Cd contents of shoots and grains but also decreased its translocation from roots to shoots and grains. Decrease in shoot Cd concentration was higher in HSCd than LSCd cultivars whereas the reverse was true for Cd concentration in grains.

CONCLUSION

Si addition decreased Cd concentration in wheat cultivars by causing a decrease in both plant‐available soil Cd and its translocation from roots to shoots. Application of Si at 150 mg kg−1 proved to be an effective level of Si that could significantly lower Cd concentration in wheat grains. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Direct Access to Dithiobenzoate RAFT Agent Fragmentation Rate Coefficients by ESR Spin‐Trapping
Authors: Ranieri Kayte , Delaittre Guillaume , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Junkers Tanja
Published: October 2014

The β‐scission rate coefficient of tert‐butyl radicals fragmenting off the intermediate resulting from their addition to tert‐butyl dithiobenzoate—a reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent—is estimated via the recently introduced electron spin resonance (ESR)‐trapping methodology as a function of temperature. The newly introduced ESR‐trapping methodology is critically evaluated and found to be reliable. At 20 °C, a fragmentation rate coefficient of close to 0.042 s−1 is observed, whereas the activation parameters for the fragmentation reaction—determined for the first time—read EA = 82 ± 13.3 kJ mol−1 and A = (1.4 ± 0.25) × 1013 s−1. The ESR spin‐trapping methodology thus efficiently probes the stability of the RAFT adduct radical under conditions relevant for the pre‐equilibrium of the RAFT process. It particularly indicates that stable RAFT adduct radicals are indeed formed in early stages of the RAFT poly­merization, at least when dithiobenzoates are employed as controlling agents as stipulated by the so‐called slow fragmentation theory. By design of the methodology, the obtained fragmentation rate coefficients represent an upper limit. The ESR spin‐trapping methodology is thus seen as a suitable tool for evaluating the fragmentation rate coefficients of a wide range of RAFT adduct radicals.

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Zen and the art of mine rescue / Wesen und Stand der Technik des Grubenrettungswesens
Authors: Hermülheim Walter
Published: October 2014

The success rate of mine rescue brigades with regard to saving lives after fires and explosions is significantly low. Thus it is imperative in a modern mine to put the main emphasis on creating favourable conditions for self‐rescue and escape through mitigating fire and explosion risks. In a coal mine, water explosion barriers, coal dust binding with hygroscopic salt solution, self extinguishing conveyor belts and comprehensive fire protection for diesel powered vehicles and hydraulic fluids are basic prerequisites for safe escape, as well as for safe working conditions of a mine rescue brigade combating an open or concealed fire after evacuation. In a non‐coal mine, a self‐rescue concept based on comprehensive fire protection, together with incombustible supports and backfill, may even result in a considerable reduction of mine rescue brigades. This marks an interesting option for countries with a decreasing mining industry or with mines in remote areas.

Die Erfolgsrate von Grubenwehren ist im Hinblick auf die Rettung von Menschenleben nach Bränden und Explosionen gering. Daher ist es unerlässlich, in einem modernen Bergwerk den Schwerpunkt auf die Schaffung günstiger Bedingungen für die Selbstrettung und Flucht durch Brand‐ und Explosionsschutzmaßnahmen zu legen. In einem Kohlenbergwerk sind Wassertrogsperren, Bindung von Kohlenstaub mit hygroskopischen Salzlösung, selbstverlöschende Förderbänder und umfassende Brandschutzeinrichtungen für Dieselfahrzeuge und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten Grundvoraussetzungen sowohl für eine sichere Flucht als auch für sichere Arbeitsbedingungen der Grubenwehr zur Bekämpfung eines offenen oder verdeckten Brands nach der Evakuierung. Im Nichtkohlenbergbau kann ein Selbstrettungskonzept auf der Grundlage umfassenden Brandschutzes zusammen mit nicht brennbarem Ausbau und Hinterfüllung zu einer deutlichen Verringerung der Grubenwehren führen. Diese Entwicklung ist eine interessante Option für Länder mit abnehmenden Bergbauaktivitäten oder mit Bergwerken in abgelegenen Gebieten.
Effects of ions on water structure: a low‐field 1H T1 NMR relaxometry approach
Authors: Conte Pellegrino
Published: October 2014

Aqueous salt solutions play an important role in nature because of their effects on environmental biogeochemical processes and on structural properties of biomolecules. Upon dissolution, salts split in ions that are solvated. Water in hydration shells is subjected to molecular motions that can be monitored by 1H T1 NMR relaxometry. This technique allowed the evaluation of the nature of the interactions between water and ions via variable temperature experiments. Examination of relaxometry properties of aqueous solutions at variable salt concentrations allowed acknowledgement of the role played by ions in either structuring or destructuring water aggregates. A mathematical model has been applied on six environmentally relevant salts: NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, CaCO3, NaNO3, and NH4NO3. It was linear only for the concentration dependence of KCl‐R1. This model accorded with the one reported in literature where it has been considered valid only for diluted solutions. However, in the present study, the range of linearity for KCl was extended up to the saturation point. The model was modified for NaCl, CaCl2, and CaCO3 by using it as an exponential form in order to account for the nonlinearity of the R1‐versus‐concentration curves. Nonlinearity was explained by the nonnegligible ion–ion interactions occurring as concentration was increased. Finally, further modification was needed to account for the asymmetric distribution of water around nitrate (in NaNO3 and NH4NO3) and ammonium (in NH4NO3). This study is preliminary to the comprehension of the diffusion mechanisms of ions in water solutions at the equilibrium condition with solid surfaces such as soils and biochar‐amended soils. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.