bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE BENEFITS OF ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS I TYPE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME
Authors: Sviryaev Yu. V. , Zvartau N. E. , Korostovtseva L. S. , Kalinkin A. L. , Konradi A. O. , Shlyakhto E. V.
Published: December 2018

Objective.To assess efficiency of angiotensin II converting enzyme inhibitor Perindopril versus angiotensin II receptor blocker Telmisartan in hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Design and methods.Sixty hypertensive patients with OSAS (non-CPAP-users) were enrolled in a randomized controlled open study: 48 males and 12 females; mean age — 56,2 ± 9,5 years; hypertension duration — 12,5 ± 7,4 years; body mass index — 32,0 ± 5,9 kg/m2, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) — 35,4 ± 24,2 episodes per hour of sleep. All patients were divided into 2 groups: patients (n = 30) from the 1st group got Telmisartan 40 mg daily (titrated up to 80 mg daily if necessary), and Perindopril 4 mg daily (titrated up to 8 mg daily) was prescribed to 2nd group (n = 30). The treatment lasted for 12 weeks.

 Results.Twenty three patients in Telmisartan group and 24 patients in Perindopril group achieved goal blood pressure (< 140/90 mmHg) (χ2 = 1,23; p > 0,05), all patients got maximal doses of medications. The reduction of offi ce and 24-hour blood pressure was comparable in both groups. Circadian blood pressure profi le was normalized in 17 patients from Telmisartan group and in 9 patients from Perindopril group (χ2 = 6,21; p < 0,05). At the same time AHI decreased by 19 episodes per hour of sleep in Telmisartan group, while it increased by 10,1 episodes per hour of sleep in Perindopril group (p < 0,01).

Conclusion.Telmisartan treatment is beneficial in hypertensive obese patients with OSAS compared to Perindopril due to the reduction of OSAS severity (assessed by AHI) leading to the normalization of circadian blood pressure profile.
SPECULATIONS ОN BLOOD PRESSURE INCREASE MECHANISMS IN RENAL ARTERY CLIPPED WISTAR RATS
Authors: Kuzmenko N. V. , Pliss M. G. , Rubanova N. S. , Tsyrlin V. A.
Published: December 2018

Objective.To examine the mechanisms underlying the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and blood pressure elevation in vasorenal hypertension in the male Wistar rats weighing 250–300 g.

Design and methods.We observed the development of renovascular hypertension, beat-to-beat interval and heart rate variability in animals with intact renal nerves and denervated ischemic kidney for 8 weeks after renal artery clamping. Eight weeks later after renal artery clamping in hypertensive rats with denervated ischemic kidney, both-sided renal denervation was performed, and blood pressure was monitored for 6 weeks.

Results.Although the ischemic kidney denervation reduces the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, it does not prevent renovascular hypertension development. However, both-sided renal denervation leads to the normalization of blood pressure in the rats with stable renovascular hypertension.

Conclusion.We suggest that increased afferent fl ow from structural formations of the ischemic kidney plays an important role for the increased sympathetic nervous system activity.
INTRAUTERINE UNDERNUTRITION AND HYPERTENSION AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK
Authors: Moguchaya E. V. , Rotar O. P. , Konradi A. O.
Published: December 2018

The paper reviews the data of observational studies concerning effects of famine during untrauterine development and long-term outcome and cardiovascular risk. The overview and results of the major cohorts of subjects born during famine due to wars and other historical events are described.
THE MODERN CONCEPTION OF THE PROPER ROLE OF TELOMERЕS AND TELOMERASE IN PATHOGENESIS OF HYPERTENSION
Authors: Drapkina O. M. , Shepel R. N.
Published: December 2018

In this era of high-tech medicine, scientists have the opportunity to discover previously unknown mechanisms of development throughout the course and outcome of the disease. These methods include a highly informative study of telomerase activity and telomere length measurement in hypertension. The change of the telomere length in cells relects the processes of the development and degradation of cells, as well as the stages of their life cycle. The study of genetic defects in telomeres and telomere repair mechanisms are of great practical importance for treatment approaches and making prognosis in hypertension. Measurement of telomere length of peripheral blood leukocytes may serve as a screening method for the prediction of examination, monitoring, genetic counselling and treatment of a patient. As telomeres can help in estimating risks in hypertension, determining the length of telomeres in the course of the disease to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment is of great importance. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of telomeres and telomerase, as well as pathophysiological mechanisms, disorders, recovery of telomerase activity, and telomere that lead to the development of hypertension.
APNEA IN INFANTS WITH BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA DEPENDING ON ITS SEVERITY
Authors: Petrova N. A. , Dobrodeeva I. V. , Shabalov N. P. , Ivanov .. O. , Petrenko V. V. , Kiseleva N. S. , Mamaeva T. V.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To evaluate bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) impact on apnea incidence and characteristics in infants.

Design and methods. We performed cardiorespiratory monitoring in 25 premature infants with BPD and 25 non-BPD preterms comparable in gestational age (26–30 weeks) at ages of less than 29 days, 29–50 days and > 50 days.

 Results. Infants with moderate to severe BPD tended to have higher apnea incidence when older than 50 days, and more obstructive episodes, compared to infants with mild BPD and without BPD. Infants with mild BPD had similar apnea type ratio as non-BPD infants. In the second and third age intervals, infants with moderate to severe BPD demonstrated similar prolonged apnea incidence but had rather more apnea accompanied by oxygen saturation (SрO2) falls ≤ 80 %, compared to infants with mild BPD and without BPD. During the irst month infants with mild BPD demonstrated shorter apnea episodes, less prolonged apnea and more apnea with SрO2≤80 % falls compared to non-BPD infants. During the second age interval these characteristics did not differ between the groups.

 Conclusion. Infants with moderate to severe BPD had longer apnea persistence, more signiicant SрO2falls due to apnea. Respiratory control characteristics seem to be comparable in mild BPD and non-BPD infants from the second month of age.
MODERN APPROACH TO THE ASSESSMENT OF HYPERTENSION AND METABOLIC DISORDERS
Authors: Sergeeva V. V. , Rodionova A. Yu.
Published: December 2018

According to modern ideas, hypertension is the leading component of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in the Russian Federation. The interaction of genetic and environmental factors is known to create a cascade of cardiometabolic disorders that reduce the patients’ quality of life, increase the risk of cardiovascular complications, morbidity and all-cause mortality. There is a complex of unfavourable factors acting in MS. An active search for other medical risk factors in a hypertensive patient, including subclinical organ damage, followed by adequate treatment of each of the components, should be encouraged.
VALSARTAN IN PHARMACOTHERAPY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Authors: Maksimov M. L. , Ermolaeva A. S. , Dralova O. V.
Published: December 2018

Angiotensin receptor blockers represent a relevant group of cardiovascular drugs. The results of clinical trials of a generic Valsartan (Valsakor) are reviewed in the paper. Valsartan combines high antihypertensive and organoprotective effects with the low risk of signiicant drug interactions. Due to the favorable metabolic proile valsartan is the drug of choice in hypertension, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the long-term therapy is associated with the reduction of the risk of new-onset diabetes. Valsartan is effective in primary and secondary prevention of atrial ibrillation, congestive heart failure and chronic renal failure.
Faculty Members’ Perceptions of Quality Assurance and Accreditation in Afghanistan
Authors: Mussawy Sayed Ahmad Javid , Rossman Gretchen B
Published: December 2018

Abstract

This study investigated faculty members’ perceptions of quality assurance and accreditation (QAA) in Afghanistan. The study aimed to examine how familiar faculty members were with QAA policy, quality concepts, QAA processes, and whether QAA process has improved the status quo. Through a sequential exploratory mixed methods design, the investigators interviewed seven faculty members at four universities, and subsequently conducted a self-administered survey questionnaire at six universities (two public and four private). A response rate of 54 percent (N = 42) was obtained from the survey. The study findings suggest that faculty members had mixed impressions about QAA implementation. For instance, an overall sum of mean scores shows that faculty members have a positive view about QAA processes M = 3.5 (SD = .75), however, interview participants were less satisfied with QAA outcome. Lastly, implications are made that a successful implementation of QAA processes in Afghanistan is contingent on: 1) establishment of a quality culture wherein universities own the processes and outcomes, and 2) engagement of key stakeholders including faculty, staff, and administrators to internalize QAA processes to improve the status quo.

Keywords: higher education quality; quality assurance; accreditation; higher education in Afghanistan
Assessing Risk for Victimization in a Forensic Psychiatric Setting Using the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability
Authors: Griswold Hali , Green Debbie , Cruise Keith , Belfi Brian , Lam Jonathan , Grossi Laura , Cucco Elena , Iskander Elisabeth
Published: December 2018

Although a growing literature on community-based victimization of people with mental illness exists, victimization within institutional settings is comparatively understudied. The current study seeks to fill this gap by exploring factors related to risk of victimization in a male forensic psychiatric sample using a relatively new risk assessment measure. The Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) is a short-term risk assessment measure that compiles information about several clinically relevant risk factors to evaluate risk of victimization, among other adverse outcomes. Nearly one-third (31.3%) of the sample experienced some type of victimization during their hospitalization. The summary risk judgment and subsets of select START items effectively predicted risk of victimization in this sample with a fair degree of accuracy over a 2-month period.
Intimate Partner Violence in Tajikistan: Risk and Protective Factors
Authors: Chernyak Elena
Published: December 2018

Background:Violence against women perpetrated by intimate partners (IPV) is a sufficiently serious social issue in the countries of the former Soviet Union to warrant focused attention and sociological research. In spite of recent advances in the understanding of the prevalence and detrimental consequences of IPV worldwide, little is known about IPV in transitional countries, where very few studies have been carried out. Investigating IPV against women in different societies and analyzing micro- and macro-level factors (i.e., social, economic, psychological, etc.) that contribute to IPV is important for social scientists in order to understand the nature of IPV and to combat it.Objectives:The aims of the study were to examine the prevalence of physical IPV in Tajikistan and discuss the risk factors for IPV in this country of the former Soviet Union.Method:This research is based on the data from the Tajik Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2012. SPSS 21.0 and STATA 13 were used for statistical analysis, which involved a multistep process and included a series of statistical methods such as a univariate descriptive analysis of IPV predictor and outcome variables and a multilevel regression model for survey data to estimate the effect of individual- and community-level characteristics and to take into consideration the multilevel nature of IPV. The analyses rely upon binomial and ordered logistic regression models.Results:The results of this study demonstrate that physical IPV is not a rare phenomenon in Tajikistan where 18% of women in this region have experienced IPV at some point of their lives, and the rate of lifetime occurrence of IPV is 17.5%. While women’s older age and living in rural area are protective factors against IPV in Tajikistan, risk factors for physical IPV include higher number of children, household wealth, women’s employment, partner’s alcohol consumptions, witnessing IPV in women’s family of origin, justification of IPV by women, and partner’s controlling behavior.Conclusion:The current study provides evidence that a significant number of women are physically abused by their intimate partners in Tajikistan. In the context of the significant structural changes and the strengthening of patriarchal ideology resulted by the collapse if the Soviet Union, an examination of the risk factors of IPV in this region is well-timed and important for the understanding of gender relations and gender-based violence.
Is the Trouble Still Going On? Exploring Victims’ Accounts of Why Repeat Violent and Property Victimization Ends
Authors: Addington Lynn A. , Lauritsen Janet L.
Published: December 2018

Programs designed to reduce repeat property victimization tend to be more successful than those aimed at repeat violence. To help understand this pattern, we examine narrative data about repeat victimization obtained from victims participating in the National Crime Victimization Survey. Victims report numerous reasons for the end of repeat property and violent incidents, though the modal response for both types of crime included victim-initiated actions taken to reduce contact with offenders. Victims of repeat violence also noted the importance of legal actions, especially for ending victimizations that involve intimate partners. We discuss how research that capitalizes on victims' perspectives can improve our understanding of how these incidents end and help inform programs seeking to reduce repeat victimization.
Cyber Partner Abuse: A Systematic Review
Authors: Taylor Sarah , Xia Yan
Published: December 2018

With recent technological advances, cyber partner abuse has become increasingly problematic. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the existing literature on cyber partner abuse. This systematic review examines the characteristics and conceptualizations in the cyber partner abuse literature as well as the major topics the research has explored. Literature searches used keywords related to cyber partner abuse. In total, 37 articles were included in this review. Inductive qualitative content analysis methods were used to generate codes and themes from the identified articles. Results detail the study characteristics and conceptualizations in the cyber partner abuse research. Additionally, common thematic patterns reported by researchers in the literature are discussed. Specific recommendations for future research and practice stem from this review and are provided.
Características de embarazadas asistidas en centros de salud de Salta – Capital, Argentina
Authors: Contreras Nelly Beatriz , Mayorga Meri , Borelli María Florencia , De la Vega Sara María , Passamai María Inmaculada
Published: December 2018

Introducción: El embarazo es un proceso fisiológico de vulnerabilidad. El control prenatal debe ser integral, que tenga en cuenta necesidades intelectuales, emocionales, sociales y culturales de las embarazadas y no limitarse al cuidado biológico. Son escasos los antecedentes locales que describan variables psicosociales y ambientales que pueden afectar el período de gestación. Objetivo: describir características bio-psico-sociales, demográficas y ambientales de embarazadas asistidas en centros de salud dependientes del primer nivel de atención de Salta-Capital. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo en 302 embarazadas atendidas en centros de salud. Se incluyó una muestra no probabilística de casos consecutivos. Se realizaron el proceso de consentimiento informado, las entrevistas, y la revisión de historias clínicas entre 2013 y 2016. Resultados: El 17% cursaban primer trimestre, siendo adolescentes un 23,2%. El porcentaje de bajo peso, sobrepeso/obesidad y edades en riesgo fue de 11,3%, 27%, y 31,8%, respectivamente. El 61,22% de embarazadas adolescentes y el 43,75% de embarazadas mayores a 35 años tenían un nivel educativo inadecuado según su edad. El 67,5% no trabajaba y el 56,9% no realizaba actividades recreativas. El 59% planificó el embarazo. El 17,6% cursaba sin pareja el embarazo, con apoyo emocional, instrumental y cognitivo de familiares, amigos/vecinos e instituciones de salud. El 45% estuvo expuesta a contaminantes ambientales y el 25% no contaban con red de agua domiciliaria. Conclusiones: Las condiciones socio-sanitarias y ambientales, el apoyo del entorno familiar, social y de redes formales comunitarias son determinantes de la salud de individuos y de embarazadas, por lo que deberían detectarse y estudiarse en forma precoz.
Consecuencias clínicas de caries dental no tratada en preescolares y escolares de instituciones educativas públicas
Authors: Carrasco-Loyola Milagros , Orejuela-Ramirez Francisco
Published: December 2018

Objetivos: Evaluar la prevalencia y severidad de las consecuencias de la caries dental no tratada empleando el índice PUFA/pufa en preescolares y escolares de instituciones educativas públicas en una población urbano marginal del Callao. Material y métodos: El estudio fue descriptivo y observacional. Se empleó una base de datos generada que fue procesada con el programa Epi Info® y se exportó al programa estadístico IBM SPSS Statistics v. 19.0 (SPSS Inc.). Se realizó el análisis univariado y bivariado. Resultados: Se evaluaron 1085 niños entre 3 y 16 años. La mayor proporción fue del sexo masculino 557 (51.34%). La frecuencia del índice PUFA/pufa fue 25,71% y el promedio fue de 0,63 ± 1,48. El componente P+p representa el 24.70%, siendo las piezas deciduas las de mayor prevalencia. El grupo de 6-7 años y 8-10 años tuvieron la mayor frecuencia. El maxilar inferior fue el más afectado. Conclusiones: Las consecuencias clínicas de caries no tratada en la población estudiada son altamente frecuentes y severas.
Caries dental en niños con necesidades especiales de un colegio de bajos recursos en el Perú
Authors: Muñoz Cárdenas Diana del Carmen , Abanto Silva Lillie Elizabeth , León-Manco Roberto Antonio , Zavaleta Boza Carol Mónica
Published: December 2018

Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de caries dental en los niños del centro de educación básica especial Helen Keller situado en el Callao, Perú durante el 2015. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal sobre los datos de 30 niños del centro de educación básica especial Helen Keller. Información recogida por alumnos de la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), en el centro educativo durante el año 2015. Se analizaron las características de los niños (edad, sexo, y diagnóstico sistémico). Para caries dental se utilizó el índice CPOD/ceod y el índice CPOS/ceos. Resultados: El 90% (n=27) de los escolares presentó caries dental. El retardo mental fue la condición más prevalente (43,3%, n=13). Se encontró un índice de CPOD de 2,9 (DE 3,8) y en dientes deciduos (ceod) de 6,0 (DE 4,0). Conclusiones: Existe una alta prevalencia de caries dental en los niños del centro de educación básica especial Helen Keller Callao, Perú en el año 2015.
Comparación de tres técnicas de irrigación en la remoción de hidróxido de calcio
Authors: Intriago Morales Ruth Viviana , Ortiz Garay Elida Magali , Narváez Miranda Deborah Estefanía , Vega Yépez Andrés Gustavo , Villavicencio Caparó Ebingen
Published: December 2018

Objetivos: Comparar la efi cacia de tres de protocolos de irrigación en la remoción de hidróxido de calcio [Ca(OH)2]. Material y Métodos: Mediante un diseño de estudio comparativo in vitro, se instrumentaron 106 conductos radiculares de incisivos bovinos hasta una lima de diámetro 60, la raíces se fraccionaron en dos mitades siguiendo el eje mayor del diente y se creó un surco estandarizado a 2 mm del agujero apical que fue rellenado con una pasta de hidróxido de calcio, luego se reensamblaron las mitades, se incubaron por 7 días y se realizaron los protocolos de irrigación: ultrasónica pasiva (PUI), sónica con Endo Activator (EA) y activación dinámica manual (MDA), donde se usó como irrigante hipoclorito de sodio (NaOCl) al 5%. Se utilizó un control negativo y positivo. Con un estereomicroscópio se observó la cantidad de residuo, las imágenes se examinaron y se les asignó una puntación de acuerdo a la escala de van der Sluis, fi nalmente los datos se analizaron con la prueba estadística del Chi Cuadrado. Resultados: Los porcentajes de efi cacia para los protocolos de irrigación PUI, EA y MDA fueron del 87,5%; 46,9% y 28,1% respectivamente, la técnica PUI fue superior a EA y MDA y obtuvo diferencias estadísticamente signifi cativas (p<0,001). Conclusiones: PUI fue el método más efectivo enla remoción de Ca(OH)2 de los surcos simulados en los conductos radiculares.
Cicatrizadores personalizados: Una opción para conformación del perfil de emergencia en prótesis sobre implantes posteriores
Authors: Huaytalla Oré Lizzeth Fiorella , Matta Morales Carlos
Published: December 2018

La pérdida de piezas dentales trae como consecuencia el colapso a nivel de su tejido de soporte circundante, lo que desarrolla una deformidad del reborde. Asimismo los tejidos blandos sufren modifi caciones en su estructura que en muchos casos podrían resultar complicadas de restablecer. Cuando se realiza la planifi cación de cirugía de implantes, no solo debemos enfocarnos en sustituir las piezas dentarias propiamente dichas también debemos lograr un resultado estético y funcional, que en la medida de lo posible se asemeje mucho a la anatomía natural del diente. La conformación de papilas y manejo de tejido blando periimplantario es un desafío que en la actualidad tiene diversas alternativas de tratamiento. El objetivo de este artículo es proporcionar una técnica alternativa para la conformación del perfi l de emergencia en prótesis con soporte de implantes en las que se utilizará el método de compresión, mediante el uso de un tornillo de cicatrización personalizado con adición de resina para conformar el tejido periimplantario de los dientes posteriores.
Uma flautista francesa em múltiplos caminhos brasileiros – entrevista com Odette Ernest Dias
Authors: Penna Maura
Published: December 2018

Na tarde de 12 de agosto de 2018, numa atmosfera de inverno carioca, estive com a Prof.ª Odette Ernest Dias, então com 89 anos, em seu apartamento em Santa Teresa. Tendo sido sua aluna na Universidade de Brasília (UNB), considerando-a como amiga e pessoa importante em minha própria trajetória musical e acadêmica, há muito queria poder ir ao Rio de Janeiro para esta conversa sobre seu percurso musical e docente. Nesse encontro – que, por morarmos em cidades distantes, teve que ser agendado com antecedência –, falamos de muitas coisas, e pude colher seu relato de caminhos e memórias, que refletem a sua longa e rica – e por que não dizer admirável – história de vida.
Predatory Dergi Tehlikesi Büyüyor
Authors: AKER Servet
Published: December 2018

ÖzSon yıllarda akademik yayın etiğine yeni kavramlar eklenmektedir. Bu kavramlardan biri de predatory dergi ve yayıncılardır. Birinci basamak sağlık hizmetleri ile ilgili yayın yaptığını belirten predatory dergilerin sayısı giderek artmaktadır. Bu yorum yazısı araştırmacıları predatory dergi sorunundan haberdar etmek için kaleme alınmıştır.
Falls among the elderly in rural areas of the Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
Authors: MOHAMMED Amel Elwan , ORABİ Eman Elshahat , HENNERY Howida
Published: December 2018

Objective: Falls are one of the greatest public health problems affecting the elderly and can lead to serious consequences. To estimate the prevalence of falls among elderly individuals and to identify the associated risk factors. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 408 elderly persons aged 60 years and older in rural areas of the Sharkia governorate, Egypt. All participating persons were subjected to a structured interview questionnaire, Anthropometric measurements and Tinetti scale for balance and gait. Results: The prevalence of falls is high among the elderly (62%). Half of the falls occurred indoors, mostly in bathroom (38.2%), on stairs (22.8%) and in the bedroom (21.1%). Traffic falls occurred in (36.2%) of fallers. Slipping and dizziness were the most common causes of falls. The results showed a significant relationship between different types of chronic diseases, as well as medication use, and a high risky tinetti score (OR=12.3) Conclusion: Although falls are a frequent problem among elderly, there are preventable risk factors. Community and family physicians have an important role in the prevention and management of falls through the applications of geriatric care programs, identification of risk factors and screening for falls.
Inicio y progresión en el consumo de sustancias en la población general de Cataluña, España
Authors: Sánchez-Niubò A. Albert , Sordo Luis , Barrio G. Gregorio , I. Indave Blanca , Domingo-Salvany A. Antonia
Published: December 2018

Este estudio tuvo como finalidad realizar un análisis retrospectivo de la secuencia de inicio y progresión de las vías más comunes del inicio del consumo de sustancias en una muestra de la población general española. Recopilamos datos de la encuesta nacional de las viviendas del año 2011 sobre el consumo de sustancias en Cataluña, España, respecto de personas no-institucionalizadas de la población general con edades entre los 15-64 años. La muestra final estaba compuesta de 2.069 personas con la misma distribución de edad que la población general. Mostramos la progresión en el inicio de consumo de sustancias mediante la cuantificación de los cambios de un estado anterior, en términos de número de personas y porcentajes ponderados. Aplicamos análisis de supervivencia para valorar las vías más prevalentes halladas en el análisis descriptivo usando modelos de regresión aditivos. La edad media de inicio de consumo fue decreciendo en todas las cohortes desde 1965 hasta 1985-1996: de 17 a 15 para tabaco, de 20 a 16 para cannabis y de 21 a 18 para cocaína. En las personas que usaban las tres sustancias estudiadas, la vía más frecuente fue “tabaco-uso diario de tabaco-cannabis-cocaína”. Dichos resultados requieren políticas de salud y estrategias de prevención para aumentar la percepción de los riesgos de las sustancias legales e ilegales. Esto, unido a intervenciones de compañeros bien diseñadas, podría reducir el riesgo de exposición de sustancias ilegales, como cannabis y cocaína, y, por tanto, reducir la probabilidad de un problema de consumo de sustancias en un futuro.
Consumo de pipas de agua y cigarrillos entre adolescentes de Sevilla (España): prevalencia y potenciales determinantes
Authors: Sáenz-Lussagnet Juan Manuel , Rico-Villademoros Fernando , Luque Romero Luis Gabriel
Published: December 2018

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar la prevalencia de consumo de pipas de agua y cigarrillos entre adolescentes y analizar los posibles determinantes y creencias entorno al consumo de pipas de agua.Estudio transversal realizado en tres institutos de enseñanza secundaria de la provincia de Sevilla. Se utilizó un cuestionario ad-hoc autoadministrado de 12 preguntas sobre consumo de tabaco y creencias. El consumo de tabaco se categorizó como consolidado si era semanal o diario.De los 501 participantes, 139 (28%, intervalo de confianza [IC] al 95% 24-32) presentaban un consumo de tabaco, cigarrillos o pipas de agua, consolidado. Con independencia del consumo concomitante de la otra modalidad, 66 (13%, IC95% 10-16) presentaban consumo consolidado de pipas de agua, y 93 (19%, IC95% 15-22) consumo consolidado de cigarrillos. Los análisis bivariantes mostraron que el consumo consolidado de tabaco se asociaba con una mayor edad, el origen rural (pipas de agua) o mixto rural-urbano (cigarrillos), la existencia de familiares fumadores entre los que conviven con el adolescente y unas creencias más positivas en torno a dicho consumo (pipas de agua). Los estudiantes con consumo consolidado de pipas de agua tenían con más frecuencia un consumo consolidado de cigarrillos (un 30%).El consumo consolidado de pipas de agua entre adolescentes es elevado y contribuye de forma relevante al consumo de tabaco en esta población. Se deben adoptar medidas preventivas de forma precoz dirigidas especialmente a desmitificar el carácter menos perjudicial del consumo de pipas de agua entre los niños y adolescentes.
De Broglie Wave Analysis of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Minimum Limit under the Lorentz Transformation
Authors: Putra Fima Ardianto
Published: December 2018

A simple analysis using differential calculus has been done to consider the minimum limit of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle in the relativistic domain. An analysis is made by expressing the form of and based on the Lorentz transformation, and their corresponding relation according to the de Broglie wave packet modification. The result shows that in the relativistic domain, the minimum limit of the Heisenberg uncertainty is p x ?/2 and/or E t ?/2, with is the Lorentz factor which depend on the average/group velocity of relativistic de Broglie wave packet. While, the minimum limit according to p x ?/2 or E t ?/2, is the special case, which is consistent with Galilean transformation. The existence of the correction factor signifies the difference in the minimum limit of the Heisenberg uncertainty between relativistic and non-relativistic quantum. It is also shown in this work that the Heisenberg uncertainty principle is not invariant under the Lorentz transformation. The form p x ?/2 and/or E t ?/2 are properly obeyed by the Klein-Gordon and the Dirac solution.

Key words: De Broglie wave packet, Heisenberg uncertainty, Lorentz transformation, and minimum limit.
Full-Density Fused Deposition Modeling Dimensional Error as a Function of Raster Angle and Build Orientation: Large Dataset for Eleven Materials
Authors: Messimer Sherri L. , Rocha Pereira Tais , Patterson Albert E. , Lubna Maliha , Drozda Fabiano O.
Published: December 2018

This report describes the collection of a large dataset (6930 measurement) on dimensional error in the fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing process for full-density parts. Three different print orientations were studied, as well as seven raster angles (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°) for the rectilinear infill pattern. All measurements were replicated ten times on ten different samples to ensure a comprehensive dataset. Eleven polymer materials were considered: acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), high-temperature PLA, wood-composite PLA, carbon-fiber-composite PLA, copper-composite PLA, aluminum-composite PLA, high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), polyethylene terephthalate glycol-enhanced (PETG), polycarbonate, and synthetic polyamide (nylon). The samples were ASTM-standard impact testing samples, since this geometry allows the measurement of error on three different scales; the nominal dimensions were 3.25mm thick, 63.5mm long, and 12.7mm wide. This dataset is intended to give engineers and product designers a benchmark for judging the accuracy and repeatability of the FDM process for use in manufacturing of end-user products.
Electromagnetic Fields of Lightning Return Strokes-Revisited
Authors: Cooray Vernon , Cooray Gerald
Published: December 2018

Electric and/or magnetic fields are generated by stationary charges, uniformly moving charges and accelerating charges. These field components are described in the literature as static fields, velocity fields (or generalized Coulomb field) and radiation fields (or acceleration fields), respectively. In the literature, the electromagnetic fields generated by lightning return strokes are presented using the field components associated with short dipoles and in this description the one to one association of the electromagnetic field terms with the physical process that gives rise to them is lost. In this paper, we will derive expressions for the electromagnetic fields using field equations associated with accelerating (and moving) charges and separate the resulting fields into static, velocity and radiation fields. The results illustrates how the radiation fields emanating from the lightning channel give rise to field terms varying as inverse of distance and distance squired, the velocity fields generating field terms varying as inverse of distance squired and the static fields generating fields components varying as inverse of distance squired and distance cube. These field components depend explicitly on the speed of propagation of the current pulse. However, the total field does not depend explicitly on the speed of propagation of the current pulse. It is shown that these field components can be combined to generate the field components pertinent to the dipole technique. However, in this conversion process the connection of the field components to the physical process taking place at the source that generate these fields (i.e. static charges, uniformly moving charges and accelerating charges) is lost.    
Improved in Vitro Test Procedure for Full Assessment of the Cytocompatibility of Degradable Magnesium Based on ISO 10993-5/-12
Authors: Jung Ole , Smeets Ralf , Hartjen Philip , Schnettler Reiner , Feyerabend Frank , Klein Martin , Walther Frank , Stangier Dominic , Henningsen Anders , Rendenbach Carsten , Heiland Maximilian , Barbeck Mike , Kopp Alexander
Published: December 2018

Magnesium (Mg)-based biomaterials are promising candidates for bone and tissue regeneration. Alloying and surface modifications provide effective strategies for optimizing and tailoring their degradation kinetics. Nethertheless, biocompatibility analyses of Mg-based materials are challenging due to its special degradation mechanism with continous hydrogen release. In this context, the hydrogen release and the related (micro-) milieu conditions pretend to strictly follow in vitro standards based on ISO 10993-5/-12. Thus, special adaptions for the testing of Mg materials are necessary, which have been described in a previous study from our group. Based on these adaptions, further developments of a test procedure allowing rapid and effective in vitro cytocompatibility analyses of Mg-based materials based on ISO 10993-5/-12 are necessary. The following study introduces a new two-step test scheme for rapid and effective testing of Mg. Specimens with different surface characteristcis were produced by means of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) using silicate-based and phosphate-based electrolytes. The test samples were evaluated for corrosion behavior, cytocompatibility and their mechanical and ostogenic properties. Thereby, two PEO ceramics could be identified for further in vivo evaluations.
The Monster of Troy Vase Is Not Based on a Fossil Giraffe
Authors: Monge-Najera Julian
Published: December 2018

It has been proposed that the Monster of Troy, depicted in a 6th Century BC Corinthian vase, is the earliest artistic record of a vertebrate fossil, possibly a Miocene giraffe (Samotherium sp.). I analyzed the giraffe hypothesis under four approaches: a double-blind random design in which 78 biologists compared the vase skull with Samotherium and several reptiles; an informed survey of 30 students who critically assessed the hypothesis; a computerized image comparison; and a morphological comparison. All of them rejected the giraffe hypothesis. Eye and teeth types unambiguously discard a fossil or living mammal as the model, which more probably was an extant carnivorous reptile.
Development of Gripper to Achieve Envelope Grasping with Underactuated Mechanism Using Differential Gear
Authors: Tamamoto Takumi , Takeuchi Keita , Koganezawa Koichi ,   Department of Intelligent Robotics, Toyama Prefectural University 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu-shi, Toyama 939-0398, Japan,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokai University 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
Published: December 2018

In a previous study, we developed a seven-axis multi-joint gripper (MJG) with a mechanism for varying the joint stiffness and showed that it was capable of dexterous grasping. In this research, we expand this design by introducing a hand with several multi-jointed fingers. The mechanism of grasping with this hand involves the use of serially connected differential gear systems (DGSs). The DGSs are controlled by only two actuators: one for driving the joints simultaneously and the other for adjusting the stiffness of all of the joints. The hand is shown to successfully grasp and envelope objects of some shapes without sensory feedback and handle objects by pinching them with the finger tips and subsequently transitioning to an envelope grasp. The mechanism that significantly contributes to this result is the tip roller attached to the fingertip. It is incorporated into the joint drive mechanism using a DGS. These functionalities are considerably advantageous in scenarios where information about the objects to be grasped, such as the shape and precise position, cannot be obtained.
Calculation of line of site periods between two artificial satellites under the action air drag
Authors: Ammar M. K. , Amin M. R. , Hassan M.H.M.
Published: December 2018

In a previous (herein referred to as Ammar, Amin and Hassan Paper [1]) the statement of the problem was formulated and the basic visibility function between two satellites in terms of the orbital elements and time were derived. In this paper the perturbing effect due to drag force on the visibility function were derived explicitly up to O(e
4), by using Taylor’s expansion for the visibility function about certain epoch. We determine the rise and set times of the satellites through the sign of the visibility function. Numerical examples were worked out for some satellites in order to check the validity of the work.
Visibility intervals between two artificial satellites under the action of Earth oblateness
Authors: Ammar M. K. , Amin M. R. , Hassan M.H.M.
Published: December 2018

This paper presents an analytical method to determine the rise-set times of satellite-satellite visibility periods in different orbits. The Visibility function in terms of the orbital elements of the two satellites versus the time were derived explicitly up to e
4. The line-of-sight corrected for Earth Oblateness up to J
2, were considered as a perturbation to the orbital elements. The visibility intervals of the satellites were calculated for some numerical examples in order to test the results of the analytical work.
Convexity result and trees with large Balaban index
Authors: Knor Martin , Škrekovski Riste , Tepeh Aleksandra
Published: December 2018

Balaban index is defined as

J

(
G
)

=

m

m
−
n
+
2

Σ

1

w

(
u
)

⋅
w

(
v
)

,

$J\left( G \right)=\frac{m}{m-n+2}\Sigma \frac{1}{\sqrt{w\left( u \right)\cdot w\left( v \right)}},$

where the sum is taken over all edges of a connected graph G, n and m are the cardinalities of the vertex and the edge set of G, respectively, and w(u) (resp. w(v)) denotes the sum of distances from u (resp. v) to all the other vertices of G. In 2011, H. Deng found an interesting property that Balaban index is a convex function in double stars. We show that this holds surprisingly to general graphs by proving that attaching leaves at two vertices in a graph yields a new convexity property of Balaban index. We demonstrate this property by finding, for each n, seven trees with the maximum value of Balaban index, and we conclude the paper with an interesting conjecture.
Availability of Healthier Children’s Menu Items in the Top Selling Quick Service Restaurant Chains (2004–2015)
Authors: Mueller Megan P. , Wilde Parke , Folta Sara C. , Anzman-Frasca Stephanie , Economos Christina D.
Published: December 2018

Objectives. To describe time trends in the availability of healthier children’s menu items in the top selling quick service restaurant (QSR) chains.

Methods. We used Technomic Inc.’s MenuMonitor to construct a data set of side and beverage items available on children’s menus from 2004 to 2015 at 20 QSR chains in the United States. We evaluated the significance of time trends in the average availability of healthier fruit and nonfried vegetable sides and nonsugary beverages offered as options and by default in children’s meal bundles.

Results. Healthier sides and beverages offered as options increased by 57.5 and 25.0 percentage points, respectively, from 2004 to 2015 but leveled off starting in 2013. Healthier items bundled by default also increased during this time frame, with most adoption occurring after 2010. However, these items remain relatively uncommon, with less than 20% of meal bundles including healthier items by default. All tests evaluating time trends in the availability of healthier items in meal bundles were significant at P < .001.

Conclusions. The QSRs evaluated made improvements in the quality of sides and beverages offered on children’s menus from 2004 to 2015. Additional efforts are needed to increase the percentage of healthier options offered by default.
Cost-Effectiveness of a US National Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax With a Multistakeholder Approach: Who Pays and Who Benefits
Authors: Wilde Parke , Huang Yue , Sy Stephen , Abrahams-Gessel Shafika , Jardim Thiago Veiga , Paarlberg Robert , Mozaffarian Dariush , Micha Renata , Gaziano Thomas
Published: December 2018

Objectives. To estimate the health impact and cost-effectiveness of a national penny-per-ounce sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax, overall and with stratified costs and benefits for 9 distinct stakeholder groups.

Methods. We used a validated microsimulation model (CVD PREDICT) to estimate cardiovascular disease reductions, quality-adjusted life years gained, and cost-effectiveness for US adults aged 35 to 85 years, evaluating full and partial consumer price pass-through.

Results. From health care and societal perspectives, the SSB tax was highly cost-saving. When we evaluated health gains, taxes paid, and out-of-pocket health care savings for 6 distinct consumer categories, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ranged from $20 247 to $42 662 per quality-adjusted life year for 100% price pass-through (incremental cost-effectiveness ratios similar with 50% pass-through). For the beverage industry, net costs were $0.92 billion with 100% pass-through (largely tax-implementation costs) and $49.75 billion with 50% pass-through (largely because of partial industry coverage of the tax). For government, the SSB tax positively affected both tax revenues and health care cost savings.

Conclusions. This stratified analysis improves on unitary approaches, illuminating distinct costs and benefits for stakeholders with political influence over SSB tax decisions.
Carfentanil-Associated Mortality in Wayne County, Michigan, 2015–2017
Authors: King Andrew , Foley Daniel , Arfken Cynthia , Aaron Cynthia , Sung Lokman , Hlavaty Leigh
Published: December 2018

Objectives. To identify opioids associated with a spike in opioid-related mortality in Wayne County, Michigan, from July 2016 through February 2017.

Methods. We reviewed records from the Wayne County Medical Examiner’s Office of 645 people who died because of accidental nonmedically prescribed opioid overdoses from July 2015 through July 2017. We analyzed basic demographics, locations of death, and all opioid toxicology results. Decedents who died in hospitals were excluded.

Results. Of the 645 people who died because of nonmedically prescribed opioid overdoses, 65% were male and 63% were White, with an average age of 43 years. Carfentanil was detected in 129 (20%) cases. During the 8-month mortality spike, carfentanil was detected in 114 of 419 cases (average = 27.2%; range = 6.4%–45.2%). Substances most frequently detected with carfentanil included morphine (57%), 6-monoacetylmorphine (38%), fentanyl (43%), norfentanyl (33%), tetrahydrocannabinol (34%), and cocaine (29%).

Conclusions. The Wayne County spike in mortality temporally corresponded with the detection of carfentanil and a proportional increase in opioid overdose deaths with detectable carfentanil.

Public Health Implications. The abrupt decrease in carfentanil-detected mortality coincided with an announcement indicating an impending ban on fentanyl analogs from China, which suggests that source control is an effective countermeasure.
Emergency Department and Hospital Care for Opioid Use Disorder: Implementation of Statewide Standards in Rhode Island, 2017–2018
Authors: Samuels Elizabeth A. , McDonald James V. , McCormick Meghan , Koziol Jennifer , Friedman Catherine , Alexander-Scott Nicole
Published: December 2018

In March 2017, Rhode Island released treatment standards for care of adult patients with opioid use disorder. These standards prescribe three levels of hospital and emergency department treatment and prevention of opioid use disorder and opioid overdose and mechanisms for referral to treatment and epidemiological surveillance. By June 2018, all Rhode Island licensed acute care facilities had implemented policies meeting the standards’ requirements. This policy has standardized care for opioid use disorder, enhanced opioid overdose surveillance and response, and expanded linkage to peer recovery support, naloxone, and medication for opioid use disorder.
The question of professional ethics in TESOL: Hospitality as an (im)possible demand?
Authors: Kostogriz Alex
Published: December 2018

25 years ago, TESOL in Context published a paper on the ethics of TESOL. In this paper, Alan Williams, who was the ACTA Councillor and Policy Committee Convenor at that time, reminded the professional community of some moral predicaments in teaching English to others. On the one hand, he recognised the “productive and socially worthwhile” work that most TESOL educators do in providing access to the dominant variety of English language (e.g., SAE), thereby empowering the speakers of other languages and dialects to become socially mobile. On the other hand, Williams argued that the effective teaching of English to others can also lead to their disempowerment due to the alienating effect of assimilation on cultural and linguistic identities of learners. Over the years, this dilemma has received due attention from some leading educators and researchers in the field who have attempted to address the access paradox from a critical-pragmatic perspective (Janks, 2004, 2010). This article returns to the question of access paradox in TESOL, arguing the primacy of the ethical in professional practice. In particular, it draws on ethics as hospitality in thinking about the ethicality of professional ethics to problematise the possibility of socially-just language and literacy education in multicultural conditions.
REFUGEE BACKGROUND STUDENTS TRANSITIONING INTO HIGHER EDUCATION: NAVIGATING COMPLEX SPACES
Authors: Playsted Skye
Published: December 2018

REFUGEE BACKGROUND STUDENTS TRANSITIONING INTO HIGHER EDUCATION: NAVIGATING COMPLEX SPACESLoshini Naidoo, Jane Wilkinson, Misty Adoniou, and Kiprono LangatSingapore: Springer, 2018
Editorial: Ethics in TESOL
Authors: Macdonald Shem , Keary Anne
Published: December 2018

This special issue of TESOL in Context focuses on the topic of “Ethics in TESOL”. In it a number of issues are explored including accountability of ESOL teachers to their students and communities, the development of ethical responsibility for professional life and how research can inform and transform practice. Broader questions are raised about where does the notion of ethics take us as a profession in relation to research, practice and advocacy?
Notes for contributors & Advertising rates
Authors: Minett Carly
Published: December 2018

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