bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disciplinary power: Text and body in the Swedish NATO debate
Authors: Hagström Linus
Published: October 2020

This article draws on identity construction, emotions and a notion of productive power to address the question of why Swedish policymakers and public opinion are becoming increasingly supportive of NATO membership. It contributes theoretically by arguing that such textual phenomena intertwine with ‘disciplinary power’, which operates on the bodies of the subjects of power, exposing them to verbal and physical sanctions, a host of complex feelings and enhanced levels of self-disciplining. The article analyses 354 editorials and op-eds related to Sweden and NATO, published in the four biggest Swedish newspapers in 2014–2018; 1408 tweets, with a focus on 14 selected NATO campaigners and their advocacy; and semi-structured interviews with 12 such influencers. It concludes that Swedish NATO campaigners produce and negotiate emotional discourses in a way that targets other influencers and potential influencers by exposing them to ridicule and allegations of treason. While tendencies are similar on both sides of the debate, the article demonstrates that productive power currently intertwines with disciplinary power in a way that makes anti-NATO advocacy seem more fraught with personal risk than pro-NATO campaigning, and joining NATO appear to be the most normal, realistic and responsible policy option.
Volatility Spillover Between Indian and MINT Stock Exchanges: Portfolio Diversification Implication
Authors: Yadav Miklesh Prasad , Pandey Asheesh
Published: October 2020

We examine the spillover effect from the Indian stock market to Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey (MINT) stock markets in order to check if suitable diversification opportunities are available to global portfolio managers investing in India. We apply Granger causality test, vector auto-regression (VAR) and dynamic conditional correlation (DCC)–MGARCH to investigate the level of integration between India and MINT economies. We observe bidirectional causality between India and Nigeria, unidirectional causality in Mexico and Indonesia, while no causality is found between India and Turkey. Our VAR results suggest that none of the MINT economies impact the return of the Indian stock market; rather returns of the Indian stock market are more affected by their own lagged values. Finally, by applying DCC–MGARCH, we observe that there is no volatility spillover from India to any of the MINT economies. We recommend that portfolio managers investing in the Indian economy may explore MINT economies as possible destinations to diversify their risk. Our study has implications for both academia and portfolio managers.
A Comparative Analysis of Anglo-Dutch Approaches to ‘Cyber Policing’: Checks and Balances Fit for Purpose?
Authors: Brants Chrisje , Jackson Adam , Wilson Tim J
Published: October 2020

This article examines two contrasting approaches to the governance of police investigations for ensuring that cybercrime-policing is lawful and ethical. The Netherlands has a national police force working under the direction of an equally centralised prosecution service according to specific laws on the use of special powers of surveillance, with evidence tested judicially when added incrementally to the case file. Theoretically, the process of adapting to the novel features of cybercrime policing should be much easier than within the much more fragmented policing structure in England and Wales, where unreliable evidence is challengeable only at the trial stage and the laws governing police action are equally fragmented. The Dutch police, however, have not found it easy to adapt concepts of covert policing developed in the 1990’s to their on-line investigative activities, despite the existence of comparatively detailed guidance and case law for undercover policing in the ‘real’ world.

In the UK, the police seem unsure which requirements and concepts actually apply to their different on-line-investigations. More generally, it is concluded that legal comparisons of the kind undertaken in this article can identify general bottlenecks and barriers to adapting to the cyber environment, but such analysis cannot identify best practices that are readily transferable from one country to another. Legal transplants are a potentially hazardous undertaking because any practices and policies that work successfully will do so because they are necessarily compliant with the underlying systemic legal-cultural factors that make each legal system unique. Indeed, we make no attempt to identify best practices, other than to remark that the centralised nature of Dutch policing seems to afford some advantage, although, for historical and legal-cultural reasons, centralisation is unlikely to be an option for the UK police forces
Participating in Paradox: An Integrative Framework
Authors: Wheeler Brian L.
Published: October 2020

Drawing from Alan Watts’s philosophy of paradox, this essay aims to articulate an integrative framework of ontological paradox (i.e., that all aspects of existence feature distinct and integral dimensions). The metaphysical tenet of separation, which undergirds scientific materialism and denies humanity’s embedded place in the world, is merely one pattern of participating in such a paradox. What then are the different types of ways, beyond a materialistic ontology, in which individuals can relate to and participate in the ever-evolving whole of existence (and whole of themselves)? Spanning the fields of philosophy, science, psychology, religion, and mysticism, this integrative inquiry seeks to reconcile and synthesize a broad range of orientations to ontological paradox into a greater frame of reference. The result is the limb and pillar matrix. Providing an alienation-integration spectrum that applies to both internal/micro paradox (i.e., the relation of one’s self to oneself) and external/macro paradox (i.e., the relation of self to the cosmic whole), the limb and pillar matrix consists of five key questions or “pillars” and seven “limbs” or patterns of participating in paradox. The pillars of paradox relate to (a) the existence and (b) resolvability of ontological paradox, as well as (c) access, (d) progressive resolution, and (e) stabilization of resolution (i.e., full integration). The limbs of paradox establish seven multivalent participatory patterns: ignorance, denial, deferment, bypass, transcendence, resolution, and dissolution.
Perceptions About Quality of Interpersonal Processes and Practice Activities in Youth Sport Are Interdependent
Authors: Bengoechea Enrique García , Wilson Philip M. , Dunn Steve
Published: October 2020

Despite calls in the literature, little is known about how dimensions of a social and task nature relate to each other in school and out-of-school learning environments. This study explored whether interpersonal and task dimensions of the youth sport environment, as perceived by young people, are related, and, if so, how they are related. We used data from 310 adolescent sport participants from eastern Canada ( Mage = 14.69 ± 1.60 years; 54.8% girls). Participants completed comprehensive assessments of interpersonal dimensions of the sport environment and the characteristics of learning activities they do in practices. We used canonical correlation analysis to examine the multivariate shared relationship between the variable sets. The relationship was largely captured by the first three functions in the canonical model. The first two functions revealed areas of intersection between perceptions of interpersonal and practice-based activity factors in the form of supports and challenges for the learning and development process in sport. Accounting for the participants’ age, the third function displayed characteristics consistent with recent descriptions of complex environments in youth sport. The findings suggest that adolescents’ perceptions of interpersonal- and task-related features of sport are interdependent, and highlight the relevance of including variables assessing both factors in studies that attempt to characterize and understand learning environments in sport and other achievement domains. Findings also afford new insights into whether dimensions of a social and task nature are complementary, and inadequacies in one dimension can be attenuated by strengths in another or not.
Multiplicity, hybridity and normativity: disputes about the UN convention against corruption in Germany
Authors: Lesch Max
Published: October 2020

In 2014, Germany became the 173rd state to ratify the UN Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) – after more than ten years of disputes in the German parliament. To make sense of the protracted debates about ratifying UNCAC, the article follows the recent introduction of Luc Boltanski’s pragmatic sociology to International Relations (IR). I argue that this approach opens new avenues for researching normativity in hybrid arrangements of multiple, overlapping orders of worth and through ongoing tests of the right evaluation of a situation. I show that the belayed ratification of UNCAC in Germany was the result of the hybridity inherent to norms against corruption. In the debates, members of the German parliament relied on competing normative inventories to translate the term ‘public official’ to the German context and to settle the meaning of corruption. This article contributes to IR norm research by unpacking normative multiplicity and contradictions that undergird international norms and disputes about them.
Head and Neck Cancer Screening Events Are a Mixed Bag, in Response to: “Follow-Up Phone Interviews and Attendance Motivation From A Free Head and Neck Cancer Screening”
Authors: Straughan Alexander J. , Zapanta Philip E. , Goodman Joseph F.
Published: October 2020

We read with great interest, “Follow-Up Phone Interviews and Attendance Motivation From A Free Head and Neck Cancer Screening.” Having recently hosted a community head and neck cancer screening event and shared these findings with the otolaryngology community, we greatly appreciate this most recent contribution to the ongoing discussion. Identifying the motivational factors for being screened is a valuable addition to the literature, as these are important considerations for institutions seeking to hold their own head and neck cancer screening events.
The association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and childhood obesity; the role of family structure: Results from an epidemiological study in 1728 Greek students
Authors: Kanellopoulou Aikaterini , Giannakopoulou Sofia-Panagiota , Notara Venetia , Antonogeorgos George , Rojas-Gil Andrea Paola , Kornilaki Ekaterina N , Konstantinou Eleni , Lagiou Areti , Panagiotakos Demosthenes B
Published: October 2020

Background:

Childhood obesity is among the leading public health challenges, worldwide.

Aim:

To examine the association between children’s adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and weight status taking into account family structure and related behaviors.

Methods:

1728 primary-school Greek students (46% males), from Athens metropolitan area, island of Crete, and the Peloponnese region, were enroled during school years 2014–2016. Children and their parents completed questionnaires which, among others, recorded family structure (i.e., married/cohabited, divorced, single parent, and widowed), dietary and lifestyle habits. Adherence to the MD was assessed through the KIDMED score (range - 4 to 12). Children’s body mass index was calculated and classified as normal, overweight/obese, according to the International Obesity Task Force classification. The working sample was 1142 children (44% males) with a recorded family structure.

Results:

The prevalence of overweight was 21.7% and obesity was 5.0%; overweight/obesity prevalence was higher among males than females (32.4% vs. 23.3%; p < 0.001). Overweight/obese children had a lower KIDMED score compared to normal weight (median (range): 4 (–2, 11) vs. 5 (–1, 10), p = 0.05). An inverse association between KIDMED score and children’s weight status (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 0.95 (0.89–0.99)) was observed. Interaction between family structure and KIDMED was observed ( p < 0.001); stratified analysis revealed that in children from nuclear families the KIDMED score was inversely associated with the likelihood of overweight/obesity (OR (95% CI): 0.95 (0.88–1.00)), whereas in children from single-parent families it was not (OR (95% CI): 0.94 (0.79–1.12)).

Conclusion:

Adherence to the MD plays a protective role against childhood overweight/obesity, particularly among children living in nuclear families.
Interactional Adjustment: Three Approaches in Language and Social Psychology
Authors: Gasiorek Jessica , Weatherall Ann , Watson Bernadette
Published: October 2020

Interactional adjustment refers to people’s tendency to adjust, or adapt, their communication behavior in social interactions. In recent years, three distinctive approaches to this topic that have featured prominently in the Journal of Language and Social Psychology are communication accommodation theory (CAT), language style matching (LSM), and discursive psychology using conversation analysis (DPCA). In this article, we provide a review of these three approaches, highlighting what defines and distinguishes them, as well as what insights into interactional adjustment each offers. We draw out the connections and points of tensions between these approaches; in so doing, we identify future directions for research on interactional adjustment as a fundamental aspect of human communication, and in the study of language and social psychology.
Internal carotid artery rupture successfully rescued after resection of locally advanced mucosal malignant melanoma of the eustachian tube: a case report
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Chen Xiaohong , Zhou Jing
Published: October 2020

Mucosal melanoma of the eustachian tube is a rare and highly malignant tumour. Local radical resection combined with radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy is a classic treatment strategy for this tumour. The internal carotid artery (ICA) is easily damaged when this tumour is removed. Once the ICA ruptures and causes haemorrhage, it can be fatal. We report a case of mucosal malignant melanoma of the eustachian tube with ICA rupture and haemorrhage in a 62-year-old woman 3 days after resection of the tumour. After successful emergency endotracheal intubation, anti-shock treatment was performed. Further, the ICA was examined using digital subtraction angiography under general anaesthesia and the bleeding site was embolized. The patient recovered uneventfully after surgery and was discharged from hospital without hemiplegia, aphasia, or other intracranial complications. Because of economic reasons, the patient discontinued comprehensive treatment after being discharged from the hospital. Finally, she developed bone and kidney metastases 8 months after surgery and died of distant metastases 1.5 years later. When removing eustachian tube lesions, the ICA must be particularly protected. Once the ICA ruptures and there is postoperative haemorrhage, prevention of airway asphyxia, timely anti-shock treatment, and emergency digital subtraction angiography and vascular embolization are effective treatment methods.
‘Tale Engineering’: Agatha Christie and the Aftermath of the Second World War
Authors: Plain Gill
Published: October 2020

The ‘golden age’ of clue-puzzle detective fiction is usually considered to end in 1939 with the outbreak of the Second World War. Yet Agatha Christie, the most high-profile and successful exponent of the form, continued to produce bestselling novels until her death in 1976. This essay examines three novels from the immediate postwar period to consider how she adapted her writing to negotiate a changing world and evolving fashions in genre fiction. Engaging with grief, demobilisation, gender, citizenship and the new fears of the atomic age, Christie proves unexpectedly attentive to the anxieties of a new modernity.
Full-Scale Field Investigation of Asphalt Pavements Reinforced with Geocells
Authors: Wang Xianrong , Zhang Xiedong , Zhu Yunsheng , Su Tiansheng , Li Xiaowei
Published: October 2020

Based on full-scale field trials, this study investigated the mechanical properties of geocell-reinforced asphalt pavements. The field site is a four-lane highway in Hubei province in China. The dynamic load tests were performed for the geocell-reinforced and unreinforced pavement under three different conditions of axle loads and running speeds. The static load tests were carried out under three different axle loads which were the same as the dynamic load tests. The dynamic and static responses were studied in relation to the peak of the longitudinal strain, creep strain, and the improvement factors. Field trial results revealed that the longitudinal strain peak value of the pavement structure reinforced by Polypropylene geocell was significantly reduced in comparison with the pavement response without geocell. In addition, the reinforcement system had a certain inhibiting effect on the creep strain and the improvement factor increased with increasing axle load and decreased with increasing speed. Under 100 kN axle load, the improvement factors were 0.78, 0.68, 0.54, and 0.39 at speeds of 0, 20, 40, and 60 km/h. Under 150 kN axle load, the improvement factors were 0.96, 0.89, 0.75, and 0.61 at speeds of 0, 20, 40, and 60 km/h. Under 200 kN axle load, the improvement factors are 1.21, 1.1, 0.97, and 0.79 at speeds of 0, 20, 40, and 60 km/h. This research helps to provide a new and effective method of asphalt pavement reinforcement.
Family, Memory, and Identity: An Introduction
Authors: Barclay Katie , Koefoed Nina Javette
Published: October 2020

This article introduces a special issue on “family, memory, and identity.” Beginning with a survey of previous research in this area, especially exploring family as a site for collective memory, and the ways that family memory work shapes national histories, it introduces the contribution made by this special issue to our understanding of how family memory and national memory intertwine in the production of individual identity. Highlighting the key findings of the special issue, it particularly notes how family history research has the potential to challenge and reform national memory, and in doing so allows for rich and complex rethinkings of the past for both historians and members of the public.
Rate of Force Development Remains Reduced in the Knee Flexors 3 to 9 Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Medial Hamstring Autografts: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nielsen Jakob Lindberg , Arp Kamilla , Villadsen Mette Lysemose , Christensen Stine Sommer , Aagaard Per
Published: October 2020

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a serious injury with a high prevalence worldwide, and subsequent ACL reconstructions (ACLR) appear to be most commonly performed using hamstring-derived (semitendinosus tendon) autografts. Recovery of maximal muscle strength to ≥90% of the healthy contralateral limb is considered an important criterion for safe return to sports. However, the speed of developing muscular force (ie, the rate of force development [RFD]) is also important for the performance of many types of activities in sports and daily living, yet RFD of the knee extensor and flexor muscles has apparently never been examined in patients who undergo ACLR with hamstring autograft (HA).

Purpose:

To examine potential deficits in RFD, maximal muscle strength (ie, maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]), and functional capacity of ACLR-HA limbs in comparison with the healthy contralateral leg and matched healthy controls 3 to 9 months after surgery.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence: 3.

Methods:

A total of 23 young patients who had undergone ACLR-HA 3 to 9 months earlier were matched by age to 14 healthy controls; both groups underwent neuromuscular screening. Knee extensor and flexor MVIC and RFD, as well as functional capacity (single-leg hop for distance [SLHD] test, timed single-leg sit-to-stand [STS] test), were assessed on both limbs. Furthermore, patient-reported knee function (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) was assessed.

Results:

Knee extensor and flexor MVIC and RFD were markedly compromised in ACLR-HA limbs compared with healthy contralateral limbs (MVIC for extensor and flexor, 13% and 26%, respectively; RFD, 14%-17% and 32%-39%) and controls (MVIC, 16% and 31%; RFD, 14%-19% and 30%-41%) ( P < .05-.001). Further, ACLR-HA limbs showed reduced functional capacity (reduced SLHD and STS performance) compared with contralateral limbs (SLHD, 11%; STS, 14%) and controls (SLHD, 20%; STS, 31%) ( P < .01-.001). Strength (MVIC) and functional (SLHD) parameters were positively related to the duration of time after surgery ( P < .05), although this relationship was not observed for RFD and STS.

Conclusion:

Knee extensor and flexor RFD and maximal strength, as well as functional single-leg performance, remained substantially reduced in ACLR-HA limbs compared with noninjured contralateral limbs and healthy controls 3 to 9 months after reconstructive surgery.
Threshold Values for Success After Hip Arthroscopy Using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Assessment: Determining the Minimum Clinically Important Difference and Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State
Authors: Kuhns Benjamin D. , Reuter John , Lawton David , Kenney Raymond J. , Baumhauer Judith F. , Giordano Brian D.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Threshold values for patient-reported outcome measures, such as the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS), are important for relating postoperative outcomes to meaningful functional improvement.

Purpose:

To determine the PASS and MCID after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) questionnaire.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A consecutive series of patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement were administered preoperative and minimum 1-year postoperative PROMIS surveys focusing on physical function (PF) and pain interference (PI). External anchor questions for the MCID and PASS were given with the postoperative PROMIS survey. Receiver operator curves were constructed to determine the threshold values for the MCID and PASS. Curves were generated for the study population as well as separate cohorts segregated by median baseline PF or PI scores and preoperative athletic participation. A multivariate post hoc analysis was then constructed to evaluate factors associated with achieving the PASS or MCID.

Results:

There were 113 patients (35% male; mean ± SD age, 32.8 ± 12.5 years; body mass index, 25.8 ± 4.8 kg/m2), with 60 (53%) reporting preoperative athletic participation. Survey time averaged 77.5 ± 49.2 seconds. Anchor-based MCID values were 5.1 and 10.9 for the PF and PI domains, respectively. PASS thresholds were 51.8 and 51.9 for the PF and PI, respectively. PASS values were not affected by baseline scores, but athletic patients had a higher PASS threshold than did those not participating in a sport (53.1 vs 44.7). MCID values were affected by preoperative baseline scores but were largely independent of sports participation. A post hoc analysis found that 94 (83%) patients attained the MCID PF while 66 (58%) attained the PASS PF. A multivariate nominal logistic regression found that younger patients ( P = .01) and athletic patients ( P = .003) were more likely to attain the PASS.

Conclusion:

The PROMIS survey is an efficient metric to evaluate preoperative disability and postoperative function after primary hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement. The MCID and PASS provide surgeons with threshold values to help determine PROMIS scores that are clinically meaningful to patients, and they can assist with therapeutic decision making as well as expectation setting.
Are Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes Effective? Reviewing the Evidence Through a Marketing Systems Lens
Authors: Claudy Marius , Doyle Gerardine , Marriott Lisa , Campbell Norah , O’Malley Grace
Published: October 2020

The overconsumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with noncommunicable diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Voluntary industry codes have largely failed to curb the overconsumption of sugar, and governments globally are increasingly willing to impose taxes on SSBs. However, the effectiveness of SSB taxation varies significantly. Drawing on a systematic review of the most recent literature (N = 79), the authors find that heterogeneity in outcomes is likely to result from idiosyncratic conditions within marketing systems. Building on marketing systems theory, they identify and critically evaluate (omitted) factors within the marketing environment that have an impact on the effectiveness of SSB taxation. Findings reveal that most studies to date focus on demand-side issues, often omitting supply-side responses such as reformulation or pass-through rates. Furthermore, studies largely disregard evidence from marketing and behavioral sciences, which show that taxation works through psychological mechanisms other than price. Finally, the authors find that few studies have systematically evaluated the complementary effects of SSB taxation and other health-promoting policies. By highlighting these blind spots in the current SSB taxation knowledge, the authors provide fruitful avenues for future research at the nexus of marketing and public policy.
Examining the Relationship Between Victimization, Psychopathy, and the Acceptance of Rape Myths
Authors: Cooke Eric M. , Lewis Richard H. , Hayes Brittany E. , Bouffard Leana A. , Boisvert Danielle L. , Wells Jessica , Kavish Nicholas , Woeckener Matthias , Armstrong Todd A.
Published: October 2020

Rape myths are attitudes that implicitly and explicitly blame victims for their own sexual victimization. Greater adherence to rape myths is linked to several negative outcomes, including the neutralization of gender-based violence and the perpetration of sexual violence. Few studies have considered how previous life experiences and individual-level traits influence the development and greater adherence to rape myths. The current study examines how traits associated with the three-factor model of psychopathy (i.e., egocentric, callous, and antisocial dimensions) and adherence to traditional gender roles mediate the relationship between prior childhood/adolescent victimization and the acceptance of rape myths in a sample of college men and women ( N = 789). Path modeling indicates that experiences of psychological victimization (before age 16) increased egocentric psychopathic traits, which then increased the acceptance of rape myths in men. In women, however, sexual victimization (before age 16) increased the acceptance of traditional gender roles, which then influenced the acceptance of rape myths. Additionally, the egocentric facet of psychopathy exerted indirect effects on the acceptance of rape myths through traditional views on gender roles in both men and women. These findings highlight the need to continue to examine egocentric personality traits in relation to the development of rape myths in adolescent and young adult populations. Directions for collegiate programming are discussed.
New Labor Actors Under Corporatism: Complementarity and the Renewal of Class Representation for Precarious Workers
Authors: Bondy Assaf Shlomo
Published: October 2020

Labor scholars identify increased roles of “new labor actors,” such as civil society organizations, in workers’ representation. Previous work found their increasing tendency to cooperate with unions, opening these up to inclusion of precarious workers. Praising these cooperative relations, research has understated other interactions that might develop between labor actors and their contributions to workers. Focusing on the relations among new labor actors and unions in the context of Israeli corporatism, this article analyzes conflictual interactions among labor actors and their implications of these for union legitimacy as well as for workers’ representation. Comparing two cases—of noncitizen Palestinian construction workers, and of subcontracted cleaning and security workers—the article argues that “conflictual complementarity” persists in the relations between labor actors in corporatist contexts. Conflictual complementarity is identified as based on sectoral traditions, contributing to transformations in union representation of precarious workers.
Experimental investigation of friction disc temperature field under cooling fluid
Authors: Wu Jianpeng , Ma Biao , Stanciulescu Ilinca , Li Heyan , Wang Liyong
Published: October 2020

The temperature field of the wet clutch is an important factor that influences the vehicle transmission performance. In order to predict and prolong the service life of the wet clutch, a test bench is built, and an accelerated life test is carried out based on the actual working conditions. Then, according to the variation of the friction coefficient and the maximum radial temperature difference, the sliding temperature field is analyzed in different periods. By introducing four evaluation indexes, a temperature field evaluation system is established and verified. With the help of this evaluation system, the temperature fields during running-in and unstable stages are compared, and the thermal failure mechanism of the friction disc is analyzed. In the stable stage, the influence of rotational speed, oil pressure and lubricant flow on the temperature field are investigated. The results of this study can guide the design and control of the friction components in the wet clutch.
An algorithm for precise localization of measurements in rolling stock-based diagnostic systems
Authors: Carnevale M , La Paglia I , Pennacchi P
Published: October 2020

The paper describes the development and the validation of an algorithm for the geo-localization of trains, specifically designed for diagnostic applications of rolling stock and infrastructure. The algorithm exploits two signals commonly available on commercial trains, namely odometry and GPS, combined to overcome the drawbacks they both show when adopted individually. The algorithm’s flow consists of a map matching procedure for the projection of GPS acquisitions on digital maps of the railway line, followed by a robust fit to correlate the map-matched data to the odometry data. The system is specifically conceived to be adopted in rolling-stock based diagnostic system, to correlate the diagnostic indices to the actual position where they are gathered along the line. It is specifically designed to operate on double-track railways, even if its adoption in multi-track scenario typical of commuter rail would be possible by means of further integration with balise signals or other train control data.

Results from track tests on a high-speed train with instrumented pantographs and bogies show that the developed algorithm allows to obtain a good repeatability of diagnostic indicators collected during repeated runs of the train along the same track. This result set the basis for the automation of data analysis in a wayside server, and for the computerization of the comparison of data belonging to homogeneous track sections, so as to perform a trend analysis.
Development of a settlement prediction model for upper subgrade layers of ballasted tracks
Authors: Park Jae Beom , Lim Yujin
Published: October 2020

Recently, settlement in railway tracks is posing a serious challenge. In particular, ballasted tracks can experience settlement due to repeated dynamic loading and various geotechnical factors such as consolidated settlements of natural foundation soil and poor compaction, which lead to track irregularities. Among these factors, settlement in track foundation has been identified as the primary cause of track irregularities. Such settlement mainly results from permanent deformation, a form of progressive settlement found in the upper subgrade due to the repeated dynamic loading of trains. As such, it is necessary to conduct a behavioral analysis of upper subgrade soil, which is susceptible to permanent deformation. A large-scale finite element analysis was performed using an existing permanent deformation prediction model to analyze the effects of permanent deformation on settlement in underlying soil materials of ballasted tracks. The results were used to propose a prediction model for settlement in the upper subgrade of ballasted tracks. The proposed model allows more accurate predictions of settlement that may occur in the upper subgrade of ballasted tracks, and can also be employed in predicting track irregularities.
“Up for it” or “asking for it”? Violence against women in the age of postfeminism
Authors: Frazier Kathryn E
Published: October 2020

Postfeminist young women are encouraged to “embrace” their sexuality by sexualizing their bodies as a means of empowerment. In stark contrast, dominant understandings of violence identify these same bodily displays as risk factors, condemning women who enact them as “asking for” victimization. While these competing demands on the female body have been widely documented in popular media, empirical work has not investigated if, and the extent to which, women reproduce these tension-filled constructions of the body in their own lives. Using in-depth interviews with 15 participants of varied race, class and gender identity in the US, this paper explores the ways in which these conflicting discursive constructions of the body are enacted by participants in their everyday lives. While participants took up varied sensibilities of the body and empowerment (including several that emphasized sexiness and sexuality), participants uniformly discussed perceptions of risk that inscribed the female body as vulnerable. This produced tensions in reasoning for some participants (but not all), in ways that were intersectionally inflected by race and gender presentation. More broadly, data suggests that postfeminist (and other) visions of the body that appear to otherwise produce lived experiences of empowerment are deemed invalid in contexts of risk.
Distrust, danger, and confidence: A content analysis of the Australian Vaccination-Risks Network Blog
Authors: Aechtner Thomas
Published: October 2020

The Australian Vaccination-risks Network is Australia’s most active counter-vaccine lobby group. This study employs a content analysis of the organization’s 2012–2019 blog posts, while further considering Australian-specific vaccine contexts. The goal is to identify the persuasion attributes of these counter-vaccine articles, and the ways that the group’s media employs persuasive cues when communicating to Australian publics. The project gauges the occurrence rates of message variables associated with the Elaboration Likelihood Model of persuasion, including those labeled as the Scarcity Principle, Arousal of Fear, Asking Questions, Source Cues, the Contrast Principle and Negativity Effect, as well as Statistics and Technical Jargon. Three overarching themes collectively exhibited by these message variables are further identified and described as Distrust, Danger, and Confidence. In view of these findings, the study then considers how persuasive cue expression in Australian Vaccination-risks Network blog posts corresponds with Australian vaccine hesitancies and the country’s No Jab No Pay/Play policies.
Revisiting the Gender Gap in Private Household Expenditure on Education in India: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Kumar Manik , Naincy Nicky
Published: October 2020

The article presents empirical observations regarding the private household expenditure on male and female students incurred by Indian households at the disaggregated level of education. By using the data sets of two consecutive rounds of National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), that is, 64th and 71st, which were based on social consumption survey of health and education, the article explores the bias in household expenditure on education by the variable of gender. The result presents a different analysis when compared to the findings of earlier studies, in terms of persisting gender gap in expenditure on education at different levels of education like higher, technical or at diploma levels as compared to elementary level. The study finds that the biasness in expenditure decreases and, in some cases, even higher for female students for technical and diploma level of education. For the analysis of data, the statistical tool of percentage relative gap has been used.
Exploring Tourists’ Behavioural Intentions Towards Use of Select Mobile Wallets for Digital Payments
Authors: Hasan Arif , Gupta S. K.
Published: October 2020

The present study goal is to identify assorted factors and also to investigate their influence on tourists’ behavioural intentions about their usage patterns with respect to M-wallet payment. A conceptual model has been anticipated and authenticated and 600 questionnaires were distributed and 482 were usable. Structural equation modelling was employed to assess research hypotheses. The result shows that the behavioural intention is significantly influenced by perceived value, trust, compatibility and social influence while tourists’ is less optimistic when it comes to use M-wallet with regard to perceived enjoyment. The study also showed that trust followed by compatibility has a more powerful influence on the behavioural intention of tourists in the context of M-payment. The present study is limited to only six M-wallet and that too limited to the certain age category, namely 18–25 in Gwalior city of India. Understanding the different dimensions of behavioural intentions can help M-wallet players to win the trust of tourists and enhance the frequency to use M-wallet for M-payment. The results indicate that M-wallet service providers should consider and manage all affecting factors proactively as mechanisms for intention to use M-wallet. It will establish a behavioural intention model of M-wallet users that can help organizations to manage the formation of behavioural intentions of their users.
Ductus Venosus Agenesis: A Case Report
Authors: Bhandari Ankita , Rai Rajesh , Dikshit Trupta
Published: October 2020

A 29- year-old primigravida mother with a history of 8 years of infertility and without any history of medical illness spontaneously conceived and delivered a male child whose anomaly scan done at 18 weeks of gestational age was suggestive of a ductus venosus agenesis with intrahepatic shunting of umbilical vein and a tiny echogenic foci in the heart. Further evaluation revealed a negative karyotype of Down’s syndrome, and fluorescence in situ hybridization screening for aneuploidy was also negative, but the mother’s Toxoplasmosis Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes Simplex HIV (TORCH) titres were strongly positive for cytomegalovirus IgG. Detailed study did not reveal any morphological or obvious cardiac anomalies or any chromosomal abnormalities; postnatally there were no signs of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, respiratory distress, or any other signs suggestive of intrauterine infections in the form of hepatosplenomegaly, bleeding manifestations, and jaundice. Hearing and ophthalmic examination were normal. Postnatal echocardiogram revealed a normal functioning heart without any abnormalities. Isolated agenesis of ductus venosus occurs rarely wherein extrahepatic shunting has a bad prognosis because of higher chances of congestive heart failure as the umbilical vein directly drains into the right atrium as compared to the intrahepatic shunting which is reported to have a favorable outcome as seen in our case.
Telemedicine communication using instant messaging technology improves pre‐hospital triage in high mountain train disasters
Authors: Chen Chia‐Hsi , Wong Tak‐Yee , Chen Hsiu‐Chun , Huang Jui‐Fang , Wang Chung‐Jing
Published: October 2020

Background:

Differences between pre‐hospital triage by an emergency medical technician and Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment triage (START) by emergency staffs often affect manpower management and aggravate the chaos condition of emergency room.

Objectives:

Under the assistance of instant messaging, the authors aimed to identify ways of improving triage differences between emergency medical technician triage grading and Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment triage grading by emergency staffs.

Methods:

Recorded photographs of all patients were reviewed by a smartphone. We categorized patients according to three triage conditions: group 1, accident scene on‐site or instantaneous Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment triage by the emergency medical technician; group 2, triage under Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment grading by emergency staffs; group 3, re‐triage with START grading using recorded photographs, Glasgow Coma Scale, and vital signs when these patients were arrived in emergency room. The Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank test, Spearman rank correlations, and Kruskal–Wallis test are employed to test differences among the groups. We used risk estimates with odds ratios and the chi‐square test to statistically analyze the differences in triage grading.

Results:

Statistical analysis found conflicting results among Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank test, Spearman rank correlations, and Kruskal–Wallis test. The difference in triage grading between groups 2 and 1 was greater than that between groups 2 and 3 (odds ratio, 6.473; 95% confidence interval, 1.693–24.470; p‐value < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Transferred photographs combined with Glasgow Coma Scale and vital signs can help us to understand the real situations of patients. With instant messaging applications, it is possible to make more precise pre‐hospital or instantaneous triage.
“The Gods Must Be Crazy”: Students’ Attitudes and Dispositions as Enablers and Blockers to Internationalization
Authors: Ehrhardt David , Archambault Caroline
Published: October 2020

This article argues that students’ attitudes and dispositions can be important enablers or blockers to effective internationalization of the curriculum in higher education. Using a case study of teaching African studies at a Dutch Liberal Arts and Sciences college, this article shows that students have mixed explicit attitudes toward the subject matter, but more consistent implicit dispositions that influence their understanding. Specifically, our students show strong dispositions toward agency, rationality, separation, and similarity, which clarifies some aspects of the course content but obscures others. As such, they function as both enablers and blockers to intercultural learning. Since dispositions are common among university students and relevant to a wide array of intercultural learning contexts, this study offers important insights for designing and implementing effective internationalization—in particular, the need to tailor our efforts to the specific constellation of attitudes and dispositions, the course content, and the skills of both teachers and students.
The Effect of 5-Minute Mindfulness of Peace on Suffering and Spiritual Well-Being Among Palliative Care Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Yik Lim Liang , Ling Look Mei , Ai Lim Min , Ting Ang Bin , Capelle David Paul , Zainuddin Sheriza Izwa , Beng Tan Seng , Chin Loh Ee , Loong Lam Chee
Published: October 2020

Background:

Mindfulness practices may have a role in reducing suffering and improving spiritual well-being among patients with serious illness. The efficacy, feasibility and acceptability of such interventions warrant further exploration in the palliative care population.

Objective:

To investigate the effect of a brief mindfulness practice, the 5-minute mindfulness of peace intervention, on suffering and spiritual well-being among palliative care patients.

Methods:

A randomized controlled study was conducted on adult palliative care patients with moderate to severe levels of suffering. Participants in the intervention arm were guided through a 5-minute mindfulness of peace exercise while participants in the control arm received 5 minutes of active listening. Pre- and post-intervention suffering and spiritual well-being were measured using the Suffering Pictogram and the FACIT-Sp-12 questionnaire, respectively.

Results:

40 participants completed the study. 5-minute mindfulness of peace significantly reduced suffering (median = -3.00, IQR = 2.00) more than 5 minutes of active listening (median = -1.00, IQR = 1.75), U = 73.50, z = -3.48, p = 0.001, η2 = 0.31. FACIT-Sp-12 score also significantly improved in the intervention arm (median = +5.00, IQR = 2.75) compared with the control arm after 5 minutes (median = +1.00, IQR = 3.00), U = 95.50, z = -2.85, p = 0.004, η2 = 0.21.

Conclusions:

A brief 5-minute mindfulness of peace exercise is effective in providing immediate relief of suffering and improving spiritual well-being. It is a useful and feasible intervention among patients receiving palliative care for rapidly and momentarily reducing spiritual suffering.
Evaluation of an Online Home Caregiver Support Program for Non-Professional Caregivers of Patients With Palliative Care Needs
Authors: Boyko Robert M. , Sodhi Sukhmani , Herman Dakoda J.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Caring for loved ones with palliative needs can be very stressful for carers’. To address this growing issue, an online Home Caregiver Support Program course was created to provide information to non-professional home caregivers about end-of-life care.

Objectives:

To measure non-professional caregivers’ perceived level of competence in addressing physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs before and after completing online training modules.

Methods:

Learners rated their competence before and after completing online modules addressing 4 key dimensions relevant to palliative caregivers. Self-ratings of competence were assessed through surveys, completed before and after the online modules. Scores from before and after each module were compared to determine if the online course had increased participant competence. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze participant responses to the pre- and post-survey questions.

Results:

A total of 176 participants who completed one or more of the online modules between July 2017-December 2018, 70 (40%) of the participants completed at least one pre- and post-module survey and did not declare themselves as a professional caregiver. Participating in the online Home Caregiver Support Program increased participants’ ratings of perceived competence in all domains (p < .01). This significance was maintained when professional caregivers were added to our analysis.

Conclusion:

After the completing the modules, participants’ self-ratings of perceived competence increased suggesting that participants completing the online program had improved knowledge in addressing the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual challenges faced by non-professional caregivers.
Factors Associated With Unhealthy Weight Control Behaviors Among a Representative Sample of U.S. High School Students
Authors: Weng Chung-Bang , Sheu Jiunn-Jye , Chen Huey-Shys
Published: October 2020

Adolescents often practice unhealthy behaviors to lose weight or keep from gaining weight. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has conducted biennial Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) of various health risk behaviors since 1991 using U.S. representative samples of high school students and is therefore best for us to identify risk/preventive factors associated with unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCB). We quantitatively assessed the association between various health risk behaviors with UWCB by gender using YRBS data. Due to the absence of UWCB items since 2015, we analyzed the latest (2013) data using binary multiple logistic regression. Among the 13,583 participants, 22.7% of girls and 10.1% of boys engaged in UWCB. Among girls and boys separately, the common significant factors included suicidal behaviors, alcohol drinking, misused prescription drug, feeling depressed, skipping breakfast, and attending physical education class. School nurses are suggested to have knowledge about the aforementioned risk factors and provide assessment, consultation, and education to help reduce UWCB.