bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH TO SPATIAL PLANNING IN IRAN CASE STUDY: THE SOUTH ALBORZ MACROREGION
Authors: Taghvaei Masoud , Beik Hasan , Zali Nader , Kasaei Mitra
Published: November 2017

Despite being in existence for over seven decades, spatial planning policies in Iran have not been implemented and no serious volition to adopt their general approaches was observed. This study identifies the effective factors of the spatial planning implementation approach in the macroregion around south Alborz. By adopting the Delphi technique, a cross-impact matrix and data analysis using MICMAC software, the impact of these factors on the non-implementation of spatial planning in Iran was investigated. The results show that the existence of a central planning system, the dominance of economic and sectoral planning, the lack of integrated land-planning system are among the effective factors in the spatial planning approach in Iran. Therefore, suitable solutions to eliminate the drawbacks are proposed.
HOUSING RECONSTRUCTION IN A CONFLICT ZONE - LESSONS LEARNED FROM AWARAN, DISTRICT IN BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN
Authors: Ahmed Noman
Published: November 2017

Regions affected by conflict and violence become difficult locations for undertaking routine management and rebuilding. However conditions often arise where input from various stakeholders for relief, rehabilitation and institutional re-vamping become unavoidable. Research and experiences from different contexts inform that outcomes of such interventions have varied results due to unpredictability of contextual conditions, approaches and methodologies adopted for planning and implementations, capacity of personnel involved, available resources and interests of concerned institutions. Awaran district in Balochistan has been impacted by conflict and violence for many years. The impoverished region, apart from social and political turbulence, is recovering from a devastating earthquake that struck the district in September 2013. This paper examines two development interventions in the region; one undertaken by the district administration to streamline the development work through a state sponsored housing reconstruction project and the other by Urban Resource Centre (URC) in collaboration with local communities. Field research for this paper was done during 2014-2015 and comprised review of records, informal discussions with government staff, military officers, community members and working staff of NGOs in the area. After analysing the key findings of these two initiatives, it was found that government sponsored housing reconstruction projects experienced limited success due to usual bureaucratic hurdles and political uncertainties. The community led initiatives were more effective, simple and easy to apply.
URBAN SPATIAL PATTERN AND CARBON EMISSION INTERCONNECTIVITY IN A SUB-SAHARAN CITY, NIGERIA
Authors: Dyachia Zakka Solomon , Permana Ariva Sugandi , Majid M. Rafee
Published: November 2017

This study analyses the spatial pattern of Kaduna City in Sub-Saharan region and its vicinity to ascertain its influence on urban interaction and implications towards carbon emission. It employed a questionnaire-based research for the collection of socio-economic, traffic and spatial data. Meanwhile, spatial data was derived in secondary form from relevant organizations. The study reveals a steady increase in the built-up areas which covered 17,121 hectares representing 53% of the total area of the city. It also identified a mono-centric land use pattern for the city. The interconnection between the city centre and the residential areas has resulted in high traffic volume during the morning and evening peak hours on working days. The study also found that carbon emission at points along major routes in the city ranges between 1169 to1884 ppm. Considering the present performance of the city, the study suggests to adopt traditional red-ocean strategies, which are maximizing the carbon sequestration through optimizing urban ecology while minimizing the need for motorized transport using urban planning principles.
INTEGRATED PLANNING MODEL OF CREATIVE INDUSTRY-BASED KAMPUNG TOURISM IN JAYENGAN SURAKARTA, INDONESIA
Authors: Astuti Winny , Permana Ariva Sugandi , Qomarun Qomarun , Febela Alpha , Andisetyana Rufia
Published: November 2017

Creative Industry-based tourism has been popular as several cities in Indonesia have also been declared as “Creative City”. In sustainability viewpoint, the integration of creative industry activities with other planning elements and efforts towards social and economic development is necessary. The inter-organizational collaboration is essential by integrating various disciplines in managing the complexity and the dynamics in tourism development. This research aims at developing an Integrated Planning Model of Creative Industry-based Tourism in Jayengan Surakarta. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach using detailed observations and interviews, as well as Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with the primary actors to understand the process. The study suggests that creative industry-based kampung tourism in Jayengan Surakarta, must be developed with integrated manner through interrelationships among tourism components, developing problem-solving model, promoting a conceptual system to guide the process and strengthening the inter-organizational collaboration. It is also understood that this concept might promote rural development since the potential sources of local industries and tourism are abundantly available in the rural areas.
DUPLICATION OF URBAN PLANNING FUNCTIONS IN A NIGERIAN STATE: UNCOVERING THE CAUSALITY
Authors: Daramola Oluwole , Olojede Olorunfemi , Ojo Akintayo , Olowoporoku Oluwaseun
Published: November 2017

This study examines the duplication in urban planning functions in Osun State of Nigeria. Data for the study were sourced from questionnaire administered on the directors of all the 35 planning agencies in the state. Data collected include respondents’ characteristics and the operation of the planning agencies and these were analysed using frequency distribution. The study revealed that the agencies experienced conflict of interest and the reason for that was mostly jurisdictional. Also, the agencies seldom related with one another. The study concluded that the structure of urban administration in the state causes duplication of urban planning functions and recommends, among others, legislative changes in urban administration of the state and Nigeria.
CRITICAL REVIEW ON THE EXISTENCE OF TRANSGENERATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN TOURISM BUSINESSES: CURRENT TREND AND INTEREST
Authors: Mohd Puzi Mohd Alif , Ismail Hairul Nizam
Published: November 2017

Tourism, one of Malaysia’s fastest growing economic sector, has created many business opportunities, the majority of which are family-controlled businesses. New ventures are started by founders who will eventually invite their relatives, especially as successors for their businesses. Nowadays, a successful family business is not determined by traditional methods alone such as profit, assets, or capital, but also take into account survivability or entrepreneurship transmission between generations. Unfortunately, entrepreneurship researchers have not fully embraced tourism because of the prevailing assumption that tourism is a just regular business. Both tourism and transgenerational entreprenership fields employ empirical studies to justify their idiosyncrasies but remain separate from each other. If studied together, it would lead to better understanding of both fields and would even spark the curiosity of researchers to investigate family relationships in conglomerate tourism businesses. Further research into this mixture of fields will also provide a conceptual economic model for tourism destination development bodies that will enhance and promote local community entrepreneurship.
TRANSFORMING HERITAGE BUILDING FOR COMMERCIALISATION
Authors: Rani Prihatmanti , Putri Cantika , Devina Adeline
Published: November 2017

Adaptive reuse is known as one of the conservation methods to prevent the building from being abandoned, dilapidated, as well as to halt further deterioration of the fabrics, both in interior and exterior. Surabaya has a number of Dutch colonial buildings as evidence of the Dutch settlements for 350 years. The aesthetic value, location and the historical significance of the buildings have made the proprietors conserving those buildings and reusing them as commercial spaces. In this research, two prominent Dutch-colonial mansions have been chosen as the research objects. Those buildings have been transformed into an upscale dining place in Surabaya, Indonesia. Based on the local regulation for heritage building conservation, the designated buildings have adhered to the conservation regulations. However, in some parts, alterations were still discovered and not according to the original of the building. These changes were purposely done in order to accommodate the business owners’ need. Therefore, this paper aims to review the transformation of heritage building and the compliance to the regulation.
GIS APPLICATION IN COASTAL MANAGEMENT: THE PERSPECTIVES OF GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IN SELANGOR
Authors: Paiman Tuminah , Asmawi M. Zainora
Published: November 2017

The coastal area is highly considered as one of the most complex areas to be handled by the traditional planning system. In managing coastal areas, there must be integrated coastal management between various related agencies, technically and physically. The management of the coastal area depends on the coastal manager's ability to recognize and comprehend the complexity of natural coastal processes. Thus, this paper addresses how GIS tool is embedded in the coastal management system from the perspectives of government agencies in Selangor. The objectives of this research are: to identify the present integration between coastal management and GIS at government agencies in Selangor coastal districts; and to study the application of GIS and related spatial information technologies to local government officials. Data were gathered through survey. The findings show positive relationship between coastal management and GIS in Selangor. Government agencies indeed has actively been using GIS as part of the management tool of the coastal area in Selangor This may eventually lead to GIS application being recognised as a significant tool to be used in coastal management.
DETERMINING BARRIERS IN SUSTAINABLE REFURBISHMENT PROJECTS: COMMERCIAL BUILDING OWNER PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Masrom Md Asrul Nasid , Abd Rahim Mohd Hilmi Izwan , Ann Siow Chan , Mohamed Sulzakimin , Goh Kai Chen , Md Yassin Azlina
Published: November 2017

Existing commercial buildings in Malaysia account for one third of the total electricity consumption. They present a great opportunity for refurbishment to reduce carbon dioxide. However, sustainably refurbished commercial buildings that is Green Building Index (GBI) certified is still low. This study aims to investigate barriers that impede commercial building owners to implement sustainable refurbishment and explore ways to increase numbers of sustainable refurbishment implementation. Qualitative data were collected through semistructured interviews. The respondents were commercial building owners’ representative, who were mainly building managers. The findings indicated that higher cost of sustainable refurbishment than conventional method and lacking of sustainability awareness among Malaysian were the main barriers of sustainable refurbishment. This study will be useful in helping building owners and developers to enhance economic, social and environmental benefits of sustainable refurbishment.
Age Related Histo-morphological changes of Splenic connective Tissue in Goat (Capra Hircus)
Authors: Waghaye J. Y. , Banubakode S. B. , Charjan Rupali , Rana Jigyasa , Nandeshwar N. C. , Mainde U. P.
Published: November 2017

The present study was conducted on 40 spleen samples of goat from prenatal to four months and
above age. The small pieces from spleen were processed for histo-morphological study. The general
histo-architecture of spleen showed capsule, trabeculae, red pulp and white pulp in all age groups.
The splenic capsule was found to be composed of outer fibrous layer and inner muscular layer.
The thickness of capsule was gradually increasing due to increase in thickness of muscular layer
with the advancement of age. The components of outer fibrous layer were wavy and intermingled
with collagen, reticular and elastic fibres. The elastic fibres however, became short and fragmented
with advancement of age. Variation in the concentration of these fibres in capsule with advancement
of age was necessary to provide firmness to the organs from outside during postnatal period and
to provide elasticity of organ during prenatal and early postnatal stage. The connective tissue
trabeculae radiated from capsule in to splenic pulp and supported the blood vessels. The
components of trabeculae were similar to that of capsule.
Hematological Studies on Malnad Gidda Breed of Cattle in Karnataka
Authors: Gowda K. Hemanth , Narayanaswamy M. , Veena T. , Krishnaswamy A. , Nagaraja C. S. , Sridhar N. B. , Ganesh K. , Kalmath G. P.
Published: November 2017

The present study was conducted to establish the base line hematological values in Malnad Gidda
cattle during winter and summer seasons under the agro-climatic condition of Western Ghats of
Karnataka. Thirty healthy Malnad Gidda cattle divided into five groups based on age, sex and
lactation. The mean values of TEC, Hb, PCV, ESR, TLC and eosinophil per cent were significantly
(P>0.05) higher in adult animals than young animals in both sexes. But, MCV was significantly
(P>0.05) higher in young compared to adult animals. The mean values of MCH, MCHC, neutrophil,
basophil, monocyte and lymphocyte per cent did not vary significantly among the age groups and
among the gender. The mean values of all the above parameters between sexes within age groups
and between the seasons were not significantly different. The established hematological values in
present study could be used as reference values in Malnad Gidda breed reared under similar
climatic and environmental conditions.
Clinico-Haematological Alterations in Goats Affected with Ruminal Acidosis
Authors: Chavelikar P. R. , Mandali G. C. , Patel D. M.
Published: November 2017

Ruminal acidosis is one of the most important clinical emergencies in sheep and goats resulting
into high mortality rate. In the present study, eight healthy farm goats and 24 goats presented to
the TVCC of the college with clinical signs of ruminal acidosis like anorexia, tympany, increased
pulse and respiratory rate, reduced body temperature, doughy rumen, enteritis, oliguria, grinding
of teeth, purulent nasal discharge, muscle twitching, arched back, dehydration and recumbency
with rumen liquor pH below 6 were examined for haematological alterations using
autohaematoanalyzer. Among various haematological parameters evaluated from acidotic goats,
the mean values of Hb (12.21±0.17 vs. 10.86±0.15 g/dl), TEC (14.28±0.16 vs. 12.04±0.36 ×106/
μl), TLC (13.43±0.11 vs. 11.11±0.27 ×103/μl), PCV (36.91±0.53 vs. 29.88±0.55%), neutrophils
(64.54±0.93 vs. 28.13±0.92%), MCV (23.38±0.37 vs. 19.38±1.34 fl) and MCH (7.03±0.08 vs.
6.31±0.25 pg) were found significantly increased, while the mean values of lymphocytes (28.00±0.82
vs. 65.38±0.80%) and MCHC (24.55 ±0.26 vs. 34.88±0.97 g/dl) were decreased significantly from
the base values of healthy goats. It was concluded that ruminal acidosis induced due to accidental
heavy ingestion of readily fermentable carbohydrate rich grains and food waste significantly altered
the haematological profile concurrent with clinical manifestations in goats, and hence can be used to assess the severity of the disease.
Incidence of Mycobacterium avium Subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) Infection in slaughtered buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) of Malwa Region of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Jatav G. P. , Garg U. K. , Shukla Supriya , Chhabra Daljeet , Jayraw A. K. , Shrivastava Nidhi , Karmore S. K. , Agrawal Vivek
Published: November 2017

The study was undertaken to assess the incidence of subclinical and clinical paratuberculosis in
slaughtered buffaloes of Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh. They were unproductive buffaloes (1-
10 years old) slaughtered in Mhow and Indore examined for subclinical and clinical Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection. Study of gross lesions of intestine and respective
mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) showed overall 87.33% (131/150) incidence of paratuberculosis.
Out of these 131 cases of paratuberculosis, 18.21% (24/131) buffaloes suffered from subclinical
and 81.68% (107/131) from clinical paratuberculosis, whereas impression smear examination
revealed clinical and subclinical paratuberculosis up to 25.77 and 74.33% in intestine and 13.51 and 86.49% in MLNs, respectively.
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Goats in and around Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Lata Kusum , Das G. , Kumbhakar Nitesh , Saiyam Rupanjali
Published: November 2017

The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites
of goats in and around Jabalpur. During 9 months of study period, out of 1675 faecal sample of
goats examined, 1224 (73.07%) were found positive for different gastrointestinal parasites. The
maximum prevalence recorded was of Strongyles (61.43%) followed by Coccidia (25.97%),
Amphistomes (9.73%), Monieziaexpansa (8.66%), Trichuris spp. (2.03%), Strongyloides spp.
(1.79%) and Fasciolagigantica (0.66%). When prevalence was compared in goats maintained at
field and farm conditions, significantly higher infection (P>0.01) was observed at farm (85.90%) as
compared to field (67.22%) conditions. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism was found
higher in adults (73.83%) in comparison to young goats (69.71%). Overall specific species
prevalence showed strongyles infection was significantly higher (P>0.01) in adult (64.25%) as
compared to young (48.86%) whereas Coccidia and Monieziaexpansa infection was observed
significantly high in kids than adult goats. The seasonal prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was
found significantly higher (P>0.01) in Monsoon (81.20%) and post-monsoon (76.66%) as compared
to spring and winter seasons.
Effect of Replacement of Maize with Dry Bakery Waste in Broiler Diet
Authors: Epao V. , Ramteke B. N. , Gadegaonkar G. M.
Published: November 2017

An experiment was conducted on 240 day-old broiler chicks for a period of six weeks in which the
chicks were randomly divided into four equal groups viz Control (C), T1, T2 and T3 comprising of
60 birds each with three replicates of 20 birds in each group.The birds from group C received Corn-
Soybean meal based diet, the birds from group T1, T2 and T3 received diet in which maize was
replaced with dry bakery waste (DBW) at 20, 40 and 60% level, respectively. The final live body
weight, total gain in weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, average dressing percentage,
giblet weight, serum albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL values for group
C, T1, T2 and T3were comparable, however, average serum HDL values were significantly lower in
T1 and T2 than Control. Highest net profit per kg of bird were recorded in Group T3 .
Incidence of concurrent infection of Coli-Septicaemia and Infectious Bronchitis in an organised layer farm
Authors: Yogeshpriya S. , Saravanan M. , Ranjithkumar M. , Krishnakumar S.
Published: November 2017

An outbreak of IB with colibacilosis and its diagnosis and management is reported. In an organised
farm, the affected flock had a complaint of anorexia, dyspnoea, and weight loss and misshappened
eggs. On examination of serum samples, IB showed HI titre of 64 with a GM value of 24.3 where
as heart and liver swabs revealed the presence of E.coli organisms. ABST of the organism revealed
sensitivity to Gentamicin, Cephalexin and intermediate sensititive to Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin
and resistant to Oxytetracycline. Based on the clinical signs, lesions and laboratory tests the
outbreak was diagnosed as Infectious Bronchitis and Colisepticaemia and remaining flock was
successfully managed with Gentamicin 4 mg/kg body weight twice daily at 24 hours interval along
with supportive drugs. Biosecurity measures were advised to prevent subsequent infection.
Study on Growth and Composition of Cattle Markets in Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka
Authors: Savanur Mahesh , Satyanarayan K. , Jagadeeswary V. , Shree J. Shilpa
Published: November 2017

An ex-post facto research design was adopted to study the growth and composition of cattle markets
in eastern dry zone of Karnataka. The study sample comprised of six cattle markets and two annual
cattle fairs. Ten sellers, ten buyers and five brokers from each market and cattle fair were selected
randomly. The study revealed that sale of cows and bullocks in Chikka ballapur were stagnant over
the years, whereas in Mulbagal, market sale of bullocks decreased at 39.54%. Prices of both cows
and bullocks increased substantially over the years in the study area. Price of cows increased at
14.2 per cent per annum in both the markets and rapid increase in price of bullock was seen in
Mulbagal (15.27% per annum) market. Sale of bullocks as well as price was higher in May, June
and July months while, cow sales were higher in May and June months and prices were higher
in July and August. Efforts have to be made to stabilise sale and price by introducing fairly high
competition through facilitating movement of animals to deficit areas.
Incidence and Haematological Changes in Haemoprotozoan Infections in Bovines of South Gujarat
Authors: Patel M. D. , Kumar Niranjan , Rathod P. H. , Tyagi K. K. , Sorathiya L. M.
Published: November 2017

A study was conducted to record the incidence, risk factors and haematological changes during
haemoprotozoan infections of bovines over a period from January, 2014 to December, 2016. A
total of 193 suspected cases (141 cattle and 52 buffaloes) presented at Teaching Veterinary Clinical
Complex and Livestock Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, were
examined for the presence of haemoprotozoan parasites by Giemsa staining technique. Total 46
(23.83%) cases (23 each of cattle and buffaloes) were found positive for presence of haemoparasite
infection. The effect of source of sample, season and species on incidence of haemoprasitic
infections was significant whereas effect of year was non-significant. Higher incidence was
observed in rainy (34.92) followed by winter (25.42 %) and summer (12.68%) season. Significantly
higher incidence of Anaplasmosis (8.29%) was observed followed by Babesiosis (6.74%), Theileriosis
(3.63%) and Trypanosomosis and Ehrlichiosis (2.59% each). All positive cases showed comparatively
lower values of haemoglobin (Hb.), packed cell volume (PCV) and total erythrocyte count (TEC)
whereas values of total leukocyte count (TLC) and differential leukocyte count (DLC) were within the normal range.
Prevalence of Canine Parvo Viral Infection in Dogs in and around Navsari District of Gujarat State, India
Authors: Mehta S. A. , Patel R. M. , Vagh A. A. , Mavadiya S. V. , Patel M. D. , Vala J. A. , Parmar S. M.
Published: November 2017

A total of 145 faecal samples were collected from the dogs suspected for canine parvovirus (CPV)
infection over a period of one year from April, 2016 to March, 2017. The faecal samples were
screened by HA, Scan Vet Parvo kit and PCR. Out of 145 dog faecal samples screened, 63 samples
were positive with an overall prevalence of 43.44 %. Breed wise analysis of data indicated higher
prevalence in indigenous breeds (46.67%) than the exotic breeds (42.00%). CPV infection in relation
to age was highest (54.05%) in 0-2 months and least (30.43%) in above 4-6 months old dogs. Sex
wise analysis revealed the higher prevalence (48.15%) in female dogs than male (40.66%). Month
wise prevalence of CPV infection was found highest (65.00%) in February and lowest (12.50%)
in June. The prevalence of CPV infection was high (44.03%) in unvaccinated dogs than the
vaccinated dogs (36.36%). The findings suggested need of adopting rigorous control and preventive
measures against this disease particularly in young dogs.
Gross Anatomical Studies on Primary Lymphoid Organs (Thymus and Bursa of Fabricius) of Kadaknath Birds
Authors: Kanasiya S. , Karmore S. K. , Barhaiya R. K. , Gupta S. K. , Jatav G. P.
Published: November 2017

The gross anatomical study of thymus and bursa of Fabricius was carried out on 30 Kadaknath
birds of different age groups ranging from day old to 26 week. The birds were divided into five equal
groups according to age as day old to 2 week, 2 to 4 weeks, 4 to 8 weeks, 8 to 16 weeks and
16 to 26 weeks, each consisted of six birds. The shape, colour and location were observed. The
thymus gland in Kadaknath consisted of two long chains having 6-8 irregular shaped lobes. The
shape and color of thymic lobes as well as length and width of thymus varied amongst groups.
Grossly there was no regression of thymus after 26th week of age. The bursa of Fabricius was located
on the dorsal wall of proctodeum of cloaca. The shape and color of bursa of Fabricius varied amongst
age groups. Grossly there was complete regression of bursa after 25th week of age. The
dissimilarities in these findings might be due to species difference.
Study on DGAT1 Gene Polymorphism in Surti and Banni Buffaloes By PCR-RFLP
Authors: Gadhvi Y. H. , Kharadi V. B. , Ramani U. V. , Pandya G. P. , Dangar N. S. , Brahmkshtri B. P. , Pawar V. D.
Published: November 2017

This investigation was undertaken with the objective to study DGAT1 gene exon 8 polymorphism
using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 53
Surti and 56 Banni buffaloes. The restriction digestion of 412 bp product with AluI revealed only
one genotype AA in both Surti and Banni buffaloes. The frequencies of allele A were observed as
0.55 and 0.54 in Surti and Banni buffaloes, respectively on restriction digestion with HincII. The
restriction digestion of amplified product with HphI revealed two fragments. The frequency of allele
A were 0.71 and 0.36 in Surti and Banni buffaloes, respectively. We found that the 412 bp DGAT1
gene fragment was fairly polymorphic with HincII and HphI restriction enzymes, while monomorphic
with AluI restriction enzyme in both buffalo populations studied.
Pulmonary Contussion in a Free Ranging Sloth Bear (Melursusursinus)- A Case Report
Authors: Harne Ranjeet , Rokde Amol , Chitariya Jhanvi , Rajput Nidhi , Shrivastav A. B.
Published: November 2017

The sloth bear (melursus ursinus) belongs to family Ursidae and it is endemic to Indian subcontinent.
Sloth bear is completely protected under schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
and listed as vulnerable species in the World Conservation Union’s Red List of Threatened Animals
and also listed under Appendix I of CITES (Garshelis et al., 1999).
Severe blow on chest by blunt object and leakage of blood from capillaries caused accumulation
of blood in lung parenchyma , resulted into a condition known as Pulmonary contusion. The
accumulation in the lung tissue interferes with efficiency of alveoli and bronchioles for gas exchange,
potentially leading to inadequate oxygen levels (hypoxia) and death. A rare case of a pulmonary
contussion has been noticed during routine post-mortem examination at School of Wildlife Forensic
and Health, Jabalpur, (M.P.)
Clinical Manifestations Enticed in Clinical Cases of Canine Pyoderma
Authors: Shah Bansari , Rao Neha , Parikh P. V. , Patel D. M. , Nauriyal D. S.
Published: November 2017

Canine pyoderma is one of the most common causes of dermatitis with worldwide occurrence in
small animal practice. The condition is diagnosed on the basis of clinical manifestations, isolation
and identification of causative organisms by bacteriological cultural examination. A study was
conducted on 130 dogs diagnosed with canine pyoderma presented at the Veterinary Clinical
Complex (VCC), Veterinary College, Anand. These included cases of surface pyoderma (15),
superficial pyoderma (50), deep pyoderma (32) and secondary pyoderma (33). The common clinical
manifestations observed were exudation of pus, pruritus, erythema, pustules, papules, crusts,
epidermal collarettes and alopecia. Canine pyoderma found secondary to other dermatological
afflictions illustrated manifestations associated with the underlying cause. Hence, the condition
should be differentially diagnosed and treated accordingly.
Understanding Users� Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Vaping Experience from Social Media Using Sentiment Opinion Summarization Techniques (Preprint)
Authors: Li Qiudan , Wang Can , Liu Ruoran , Wang Lei , Zeng Daniel Dajun , Leischow Scott James
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

E-liquid is one of the main components in electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). ENDS review comments could serve as an early warning on use patterns, and even function to serve as an indicator of problems or adverse events pertaining to the use of specific e-liquids – much like the types of responses that are tracked by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regarding medications.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to understand users’ vaping experience using sentiment opinion summarization techniques, which can help characterize how consumers, ENDS vendors, and others think about specific e-liquids and their characteristic (e.g. flavor, throat hit, vapor production, etc.).

METHODS

We collected e-liquid reviews on JuiceDB from June 27, 2013 to December 31, 2017 by using its public application programming interface (API). The dataset contains 27070 reviews for 8058 e-liquid products. Each review is accompanied by an overall rating and a set of four aspect ratings of an e-liquid, each on a scale of 1-5: flavor accuracy, throat hit, value and cloud production. An Iterative Dichotomiser 3 (ID3) based influential aspect analysis model was adopted to learn the key elements that impact e-liquid use. Then, fine-grained sentiment analysis was employed to mine opinions on various aspects of the vaping experience related to e-liquids.

RESULTS

We found that: (1) Flavor accuracy and value were the two most important aspects that influence users’ sentiments towards e-liquids. (2) 67.83% (18362/27070) of the reviews in JuiceDB were positive, while 12.67% (3430/27070) were negative. This indicates that users generally hold positive attitudes towards e-liquids. (3) Among the nine flavors, fruity and sweet were the two most popular flavors. (4) Great and sweet tastes, reasonable value, and strong throat hit made users satisfied with the fruity and sweet flavors, whereas weird tastes made users dislike these flavors. Meanwhile, users complained about steep/expensive price, bad quality and harsh throat hit of some e-liquids. (5) There were 2342 fruity e-liquids and 2049 sweet e-liquids. Positive sentiments towards fruity e-liquids and sweet e-liquids measured 55.81% and 59.83% respectively; negative sentiments were 13.62% and 12.88% respectively. Great flavors and good vapors contributed to positive reviews of fruity and sweet products. However, bad tastes such as “sour” or “bitter” resulted in negative reviews. These findings can help businesses and policy makers further improve product quality and formulate effective policy.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first study to provide an effective mechanism to analyze users’ ENDS vaping experience based on sentiment opinion summarization techniques. Sentiment opinions on aspect and products can be found using our method, which is of great importance to monitor e-liquid products and improve work efficiency.
The Association Between Technology Use and Health Status in a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Cohort: Multi-Method Study (Preprint)
Authors: Witry Matthew , Comellas Alejandro , Simmering Jacob , Polgreen Philip
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

Telemedicine and electronic health (eHealth) interventions have been proposed to improve management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for patients between traditional clinic and hospital visits to reduce complications. However, the effectiveness of such interventions may depend on patients’ comfort with technology.

OBJECTIVE

The aim was to describe the relationship between patient demographics and COPD disease severity and the use of communication-related technology.

METHODS

We administered a structured survey about the use of communication technologies to a cohort of persons in the COPDGene study at one midwestern hospital in the United States. Survey results were combined with clinical and demographic data previously collected as part of the cohort study. A subsample of patients also completed eHealth simulation tasks. We used logistic or linear regression to determine the relationship between patient demographics and COPD disease severity and reported use of communication-related technology and the results from our simulated eHealth-related tasks.

RESULTS

A total of 686 patients completed the survey and 100 participated in the eHealth simulation. Overall, those who reported using communication technology were younger (P=.005) and had higher incomes (P=.03). Men appeared less likely to engage in text messaging (P<.001) than women. Patients who spent more time on tasks in the eHealth simulation had greater odds of a COPD Assessment Test score >10 (P=.02) and walked shorter distances in their 6-minute walk tests (P=.003) than those who took less time.

CONCLUSIONS

Older patients, patients with lower incomes, and less healthy patients were less likely to report using communication technology, and they did not perform as well on our simulated eHealth tasks. Thus, eHealth-based interventions may not be as effective in these populations, and additional training in communication technology may be needed.
Type 2 Diabetes Education and Support in a Virtual Environment: A Secondary Analysis of Synchronously Exchanged Social Interaction and Support (Preprint)
Authors: Lewinski Allison A , Anderson Ruth A , Vorderstrasse Allison A , Fisher Edwin B , Pan Wei , Johnson Constance M
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

Virtual environments (VEs) facilitate interaction and support among individuals with chronic illness, yet the characteristics of these VE interactions remain unknown.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to describe social interaction and support among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who interacted in a VE.

METHODS

Data included VE-mediated synchronous conversations and text-chat and asynchronous emails and discussion board posts from a study that facilitated interaction among individuals with T2D and diabetes educators (N=24) in 2 types of sessions: education and support.

RESULTS

VE interactions consisted of communication techniques (how individuals interact in the VE), expressions of self-management (T2D-related topics), depth (personalization of topics), and breadth (number of topics discussed). Individuals exchanged support more often in the education (723/1170, 61.79%) than in the support (406/1170, 34.70%) sessions or outside session time (41/1170, 3.50%). Of all support exchanges, 535/1170 (45.73%) were informational, 377/1170 (32.22%) were emotional, 217/1170 (18.55%) were appraisal, and 41/1170 (3.50%) were instrumental. When comparing session types, education sessions predominately provided informational support (357/723, 49.4%), and the support sessions predominately provided emotional (159/406, 39.2%) and informational (159/406, 39.2%) support.

CONCLUSIONS

VE-mediated interactions resemble those in face-to-face environments, as individuals in VEs engage in bidirectional exchanges with others to obtain self-management education and support. Similar to face-to-face environments, individuals in the VE revealed personal information, sought information, and exchanged support during the moderated education sessions and unstructured support sessions. With this versatility, VEs are able to contribute substantially to support for those with diabetes and, very likely, other chronic diseases.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CEFTRIAXONE SODIUM ENCAPSULATED CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Manimekalai P. , Dhanalakshmi R. , Manavalan R.
Published: November 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to prepare ceftriaxone sodium chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NP) from different drug and polymer ratios and analyze their physicochemical characteristics.Methods: Ceftriaxone sodium loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared using chitosan as a polymer and tri sodium polyphosphate (TPP) as cross linking agent by ionic cross linking and coacervation with the aid of sonication. Various trials have been carried out for the confirmation of nanoformulation. Parameters such as the zeta potential, polydispersity, particle size, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release Thermo gravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscope of the nanoparticles were assessed for confirmation of nanoformulation.Results: The formulated nanoparticles showed mean particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential to be 183.1±8.42 nm, 0.212±0.05, +38.5±1.6 mV respectively and the drug loading was found to be 46.42±10 %. In vitro drug release was showed a biphasic release pattern with initial burst release followed by sustained release of formulated nanoparticles. The cumulative percentage of drug release was about 83.08 %.Conclusion: Formulation F2 was found to be the best formulation with a higher cumulative percentage of drug release. Modified ionic gelation method can be utilized for the development of chitosan nanoparticles of ceftriaxone sodium. Polymer and crosslinking agent concentrations and sonication time are rate-limiting factors for the development of the optimized formulation. The chitosan nanoparticles developed would be capable of sustained delivery of ceftriaxone sodium.
THERMOREVERSIBLE IN-SITU NASAL GEL FORMULATIONS AND THEIR PHARMACEUTICAL EVALUATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS CONTAINING EXTRACTS OF MORINGA OLIFERA AND EMBELIA RIBES
Authors: Srivastava Richa , Srivastava Sajal , Singh Satya Prakash
Published: November 2017

Objective: The present study was planned to develop thermo-reversible in-situ gel for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). The objective of the present investigation was to develop a mucoadhesive in-situ gel with reduced nasal mucocilliary clearance to improve the local effect of the polyherbal extract in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). The prolonged residence of drug formulation in the nasal cavity is one of utmost importance for intranasal drug delivery. The prepared formulations were subjected for gelling temperature, gelling time, viscosity, gel strength, pH, drug content, mucoadhesive strength, spread ability and irritancy studies.Methods: In the study the pluronic F127 (PF127) based mucoadhesive in-situ nasal gels containing Moringa olifera (MO) and Embelia ribes (ER) extracts were used having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. A polyherbal thermosensitive in-situ hydrogel was designed and evaluated by the mixing of pluronic F127, poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG400) and Xanthan gum with a small amount of (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) HPMC K4M and Carbopol 934. Total 13 thermosensitive in-situ gels of extracts were prepared through combination of HPMC K4M or Carbopol or xanthan gum and PF127. All the preparations were investigated, and the selected method for gel formation underwent the thermal transition from sol to hydrogel.Results: The mucoadhesive gel after being administered into the nasal cavity, get transformed into the viscous hydrogel at body temperature, which diminished nasal mucociliary clearance and prolonged the duration of action. The in-situ nasal herbal gel prepared by combination of different concentration of to HPMC K4M or carbopol or xanthan gum with PF127 (10% w/v) produces the better and effective gel. The findings of evaluation parameter indicate that the in-situ gel prepared by combination with corbopol were better quality compared to HPMC K4M and xanthan gum.Conclusion: From these findings, it can be concluded that in-situ herbal nasal gels may be potential drug delivery systems for Moringa olifera and Embelia ribes extracts to overcome first-pass metabolism and thereby to improve the bioavailability. The mucoadhesive in-situ gel system is a promising approach for the intranasal delivery of polyherbal extracts for the therapeutic effects improvement of Allergic rhinitis.
ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT BY SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR DIPHENHYDRAMINE QUANTIFICATION IN SYRUPS
Authors: Hurtado Marcela , Medina Jose Raul
Published: November 2017

Objective: To develop a method for the determination of diphenhydramine hydrochloride in syrups.Methods: The developed method is based on the active ingredient recovery from the pharmaceutical formulation using a cartridge for selective solid phase extraction. This procedure is simple and fast as compared to the methods that require liquid/liquid extraction. Once the sample is eluted from the cartridge, it is injected directly into a reversed-phase chromatographic system containing a mixture of acetonitrile: 10 mmol ammonium acetate: triethylamine 60:39.5:0.5.Results: The proposed method fulfilled the validation parameters (linearity R2>0.99, precision CV<2% and accuracy 98-102%).Conclusion: The proposed method proved to be reliable when it was applied in the quantification of diphenhydramine hydrochloride of two commercial syrup products.
SIMPLE ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE AND CANDESARTAN BY RP-HPLC
Authors: K. Madhavi , M. Navamani , C. Prasanthi
Published: November 2017

Objective: To develop a simple, rapid, economic, accurate and precise reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the determination of hydrochlorothiazide and candesartan in the pharmaceutical dosage form and to validate as per international conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines.Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed on Silanol BDS C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm), a mobile phase consisting of water (pH adjusted to 2.8 with orthophosphoric acid): acetonitrile (30:70 % v/v), with a flow rate 1 ml/min and the detection wavelength of 210 nm using photodiode array (PDA) detector.Results: The developed method resulted in elution of hydrochlorothiazide at 2.28 min and candesartan at 4.28 min. The calibration curves were linear (r2=0.999) in the concentration range of 6.25-18.75 μg/ml and 8-24 μg/ml for hydrochlorothiazide and candesartan respectively. The percentage recoveries were found to be 99.78-100.39 for hydrochlorothiazide and 99.87-100.64 for candesartan. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.410 μg/ml and 0.699 μg/ml for hydrochlorothiazide and candesartan respectively. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was found to be 1.367 μg/ml and 2.330 μg/ml for hydrochlorothiazide and candesartan respectively.Conclusion: A simple, economic, accurate, precise, linear and rapid RP-HPLC method was developed for simultaneous quantitative estimation of hydrochlorothiazide and candesartan in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation and the method was validated as per ICH guidelines. Hence, the method holds good for the routine analysis of hydrochlorothiazide and candesartan in various pharmaceutical industries as well as in academics.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FUROSEMIDE LIQUISOLID COMPACT
Authors: Jassim Zainab E.
Published: November 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to enhance the dissolution pattern of the practically water-insoluble diuretic drug, furosemide through its formulation into liquisolid tablets.Methods: A mathematical model was used to formulate four liquisolid powder systems using polyethylene glycol 400 as a non-volatile water miscible liquid vehicle. The liquid loading factors of the vehicle were used to calculate the optimum quantities of carrier (Avicel PH 102) and coating materials (Aerosil 200) needed to prepare acceptably flowing and compactible powder mixtures and (R) ratio used was 25. The liquisolid tablets were evaluated for weight variation, percent friability, hardness, content uniformity, disintegration time and in vitro drug release profile. Drug and the prepared systems were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies.Results: The enhanced dissolution rate due to the increased wetting properties and the large available surface areas for dissolution were obtained in case of the liquisolid tablets. The selected optimal formulation (F2) of 50% drug concentration released 90% of its content during the first 10 min compared to 65% of DCT. FTIR studies revealed that there was no interaction between drug and polymers. DSC and PXRD indicated conversion of crystalline to amorphous form of furosemide. Conclusion: The dissolution rate of furosemide can be enhanced to a great extent by liquisolid technique.
NANOENCAPSULATION AUGMENTS RELEASE EFFICACY AND GLUCOSE TOLERANCE OF 14-DEOXY, 11, 12-DIDEHYDRO ANDROGRAPHOLIDE LOADED POLYCAPROLACTONE NANOPARTICLES IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-NICOTINAMIDE INDUCED TYPE 2 DIABETES
Authors: K Nagalakshmi , S. Sujatha
Published: November 2017

Objective: This study was designed to study the release efficacy and glucose tolerance of 14-deoxy, 11, 12-didehydroandrographolide loaded polycaprolactone nanoparticles in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetes.Methods: Biodegradable polymer based novel drug delivery systems had brought a considerable attention to improve therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability of various drugs. In this study, 14-deoxy-11, 12-didehydroandrographolide (sparingly water soluble) loaded polycaprolactone (nano-DDA) was synthesized using polyvinyl alcohol and tween20 as surfactants. MTT assay was performed to analyse the cytotoxicity of both the formulations on L6 myoblasts. Free DDA and nano-DDA were administered orally to the streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced experimental diabetic rats for 45d. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out at the end of the study. After one week washout period, animals were administered with free and nano-DDA and release efficacy of DDA from polymer matrix and concentration of glucose were analysed.Results: MTT assay revealed that nano-DDA prepared using tween-20 as a surfactant elicited cytotoxicity towards L6 myoblasts, whereas nano-DDA prepared using polyvinyl alcohol as a surfactant remained non-toxic till 10µM. OGTT studies revealed an initial increase of glucose at 30 min followed by a progressive decrease in the glucose level. In rat plasma, a gradual decrease in glucose level was observed up to 32h (139 mg/dl) for free DDA, whereas nano-DDA exhibited a major decrease in glucose concentration at 32h (115 mg/dl) which continued even after 48h (117 mg/dl).Conclusion: A slow and sustained release of DDA from the polymer matrix substantiated that nanoencapsulation enhanced the oral bioavailability of DDA which resulted in decreasing the concentration of glucose which could be due to the pronounced antihyperglycemic activity of nano-DDA over free DDA.