bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pro‐work reforms to the settlement support system and the economic adjustment of recipients: Evidence from South Korea
Authors: Han Sam
Published: June 2022

This study examines the effects of the pro‐work reforms to South Korea's North Korean Defectors Settlement Support System (NKDSSS) on the economic adjustment of North Korean Defectors (NKDs) in the country. It analyzes data from the 2010 National Survey of Domestic Violence: NKDs, using a regression discontinuity design. The study finds that the reforms did not affect changes in the economic adjustment of NKDs, measured by employment, household income level, a rate of cash transfer as the main source of income, and welfare receipt. The findings of this study suggest that there are no significant differences in the economic adjustment outcomes of Unconditional Cash Transfers and Conditional Cash Transfers. It also implies that for the pro‐work reforms to be effective to meet the changing needs, there should be rigorous policy evaluations for its reforms to improve the NKDSSS.
Dehydroepiandrosterone alleviates hypoxia‐induced learning and memory dysfunction by maintaining synaptic homeostasis
Authors: Guan Ruili , Yang Changhao , Zhang Jianbin , Wang Jianyu , Chen Rui , Su Peng
Published: June 2022

Aims

Hypoxia causes plenty of pathologies in the central nervous system (CNS) including impairment of cognitive and memory function. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has been proved to have therapeutic effects on CNS injuries by maintaining the homeostasis of synapses, yet its effect on hypoxia‐induced CNS damage remains unknown.

Methods

In vivo and in vitro models were established. Concentrations of glutamate and γ GABA were tested by ELISA. Levels of synapse‐associated proteins were measured by western blotting. Density of dendritic protrusions of hippocampal neurons was assessed by Golgi staining. Immunofluorescence was adopted to observe the morphology of primary neurons. The novel object recognition test (NORT) and shuttle box test were used to evaluate cognition.

Results

Dehydroepiandrosterone reversed abnormal elevation of glutamate levels, shortenings of neuronal processes, decreases in the density of dendritic protrusions, downregulation of synaptosome‐associated protein (SNAP25), and impaired cognition caused by hypoxia. Hypoxia also resulted in notably downregulation of syntaxin 1A (Stx‐1A). Overexpression of Stx‐1A dramatically attenuated hypoxia‐induced elevation of glutamate. Treatment with DHEA reversed the Stx‐1A downregulation caused by hypoxic exposure.

Conclusion

Dehydroepiandrosterone may exert a protective effect on hypoxia‐induced memory impairment by maintaining synaptic homeostasis. These findings offer a novel understanding of the therapeutic effect of DHEA on hypoxia‐induced cognitive dysfunction.
Curschmann's spiral in a voided urine sample
Authors: Castillo‐Gazquez Lidia , Vera‐Díaz Enni C. , Muñoz‐Hernández Patricia , Jiménez‐Heffernan José A.
Published: June 2022

Curschmann's spirals have been rarely described in extrapulmonary sites. In this report, a Curschmann's spiral is reported in a urine sample. The main purpose of this letter is to encourage pathologists to search for their presence in this unusual site.
An intelligent optimization algorithm with a deep learning‐enabled block‐based motion estimation model
Authors: Mishra Awanish Kumar , Kohli Narendra
Published: June 2022

The motion estimation process has gained significant attention in several video applications such as video compression, global motion estimation, and so on. The deep learning (DL) models that perform effectively in computer vision tasks can be employed for motion estimation. Yet, they have high computational complexity and model parameters since motion estimation in the pixel domain is not effective in practical applications. Instead, a block‐based motion estimation process has been developed where the blocks of sequential images are compared. To that end, this paper presents the Anas platyrhynchos optimizer with deep learning‐enabled block‐based motion estimation (APODL‐BBME) model. The proposed model estimates motion using block‐based concepts and DL approaches. To accomplish this, the training and testing frames are separated into non‐overlapping block categories, and the blocks are filtered via the bilateral filtering (BF) approach. In addition, a histogram of gradients (HOG) and densely connected network (DenseNet) model are employed to extract features, which are then fed into the bidirectional long short‐term memory (BiLSTM) model to classify the input features. Finally, the APO algorithm is applied to optimally tune the hyperparameters of the BiLSTM model, which helps to improve the overall motion estimation efficacy, showing the novelty of the work. To demonstrate the enhanced performance of the APODL‐BBME model, a comprehensive analysis is carried out, and when we compare the results, the APODL‐BBME model outperforms recent motion estimation approaches.
Long‐term trajectories of intergenerational coresidence: Evidence of living arrangements patterns in Chile
Authors: Cabib Ignacio , Araos Consuelo , Palma Julieta , Yopo Díaz Martina
Published: June 2022

Objective

This study examines long‐term trajectories of intergenerational coresidence (IC) among a cohort of individuals aged 65 and 75 in Chile, focusing on their diversity, prevalence, internal dynamism, and sociodemographic characteristics.

Background

IC is comparatively high in Latin America and is related to both family norms and social vulnerabilities. However, empirical evidence on this topic comes mostly from cross‐sectional studies using aggregated population data, which neglect the inherently dynamic nature of coresidential arrangements across the life course.

Method

We use representative life‐history data in Santiago, Chile (N= 802), sequence analysis to reconstruct long‐term trajectories, and bivariate analysis to examine their associations with sociodemographic factors.

Results

Our findings show that, first, IC in Chile may be more prevalent and diverse than suggested in previous cross‐sectional studies. Second, our findings indicate patterns of long‐term IC and stable conjugal cohabitation are compatible. Third, the results shed new light on the association of IC with particular sociodemographic groups.

Conclusion

This study analyzed patterns of living arrangements among family members based both on intergenerational and conjugal cohabitation and their dynamic character throughout the life course. Our results challenge interpretations of contemporary living arrangements among family members at an international level.

Implications

This study shows that IC in Chile has been largely underrepresented, both in magnitude and heterogeneity. This finding informs public policies about the reality of family configurations that require specific care, housing, and financial support.
Effect of wind speed and light intensity on reflex impairment of angled Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu)
Authors: Forgues Nick , LaRochelle Luc , Burton Declan , Cooke Steven J.
Published: June 2022

We quantified effects of wind speed and sunlight on Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu), a popular gamefish in North America, after catch‐and‐release (C&R) (n = 90) during August for various periods (0, 10, 30 and 90 s) in direct sunlight or shaded from direct sunlight. We evaluated change in skin temperature and reflex action mortality predictor (RAMP) scores. Changes in skin temperature were larger with increasing wind speeds and air exposure duration. Light intensity had no effect on skin temperature or RAMP. Generally, skin temperature decreased (i.e. colder) when wind speed exceeded ~5 km/h and increased (i.e. warmer) when wind speed was below ~5 km/h. Significantly, lower RAMP scores were associated with longer air exposure. Generally, Smallmouth Bass exposed to air for longer than 10 s were significantly more impaired prior to release. We recommend anglers reduce the time that large fish are exposed to air to reduce immediate reflex impairment.
Combination of biparametric magnetic resonance imaging with prostate‐specific antigen density to stratify the risk of significant prostate cancer: Initial biopsy and long‐term follow‐up results
Authors: Konishi Tsuzumi , Washino Satoshi , Okochi Tomohisa , Miyagawa Tomoaki
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To assess whether the combination of biparametric magnetic resonance imaging with prostate‐specific antigen density can properly stratify the risk of significant prostate cancer in patients undergoing prostate biopsies and how this approach affects the detection of prostate cancer during follow‐up in patients who do not undergo prostate biopsy.

Methods

In total, 411 biopsy‐naïve patients who had elevated prostate‐specific antigen levels and then underwent biparametric magnetic resonance imaging for suspicious prostate cancer were analyzed: 203 patients underwent prostate biopsies, whereas 208 patients did not. Significant prostate cancer detection rates stratified by the combination of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score and prostate‐specific antigen density were assessed in patients who underwent prostate biopsies. The cumulative incidence of prostate cancer detection during the follow‐up was assessed in patients who omitted biopsy.

Results

The negative predictive value for significant prostate cancer was 89% for Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System scores 1–3, which increased to 97% when prostate‐specific antigen density <0.15 ng/ml/cm3 was combined. Among patients who did not undergo biopsy, patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System scores 1–3 plus prostate‐specific antigen density <0.15 ng/ml/cm3 included significantly less cases in which significant prostate cancer was detected during the follow‐up, compared with the others (3.2% versus 17% at 36 months).

Conclusions

Restriction of prostate biopsies to patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System scores 4–5 or prostate‐specific antigen density ≥0.15 ng/ml/cm3 proved to be the good biopsy strategy, effectively balancing risks and benefits.
A comparison of the behaviour and survival of angling vs. trap‐sampled Salmo salar smolts
Authors: Kennedy Richard , Rosell Robert , Campbell Warren , Allen Michelle , Del Villar‐Guerra Diego
Published: June 2022

An experiment was undertaken, using acoustic telemetry, to compare the survival and migratory timing of Salmo salar L. smolts sampled, under optimal conditions, in a traditional fixed Wolf trap against a sample of rod‐caught fish captured using a sensitive angling technique. No significant difference was evident in survival with 83% of both samples detected in the river outflow, 67% of the trap and 76% of the rod samples were detected in coastal waters and finally 43% of the trap and 35% of the rod samples were detected on an offshore array c. 50 km from the river outlet. No significant difference was evident in the time taken for trap‐ and rod‐sampled fish to reach either the river outflow, coastal or offshore waters. Angling, if undertaken sensitively, can provide an effective, resource‐efficient and ethically justifiable sampling tool for juvenile salmonid age classes.
A split‐face comparative performance evaluation of injectable hyaluronic acid‐based preparations HCC and CPM‐HA20G in healthy females
Authors: de Wit Aletta , Siebenga Pieter S. , Wijdeveld Ruscha W. , Koopmans Petra C. , van Loghem Jani A. J.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Skin revitalizers are used for skin quality improvement purposes. Hyaluronan hybrid cooperative complexes (HCC, Profhilo®, IBSA Pharmaceuticals) are an anti‐aging treatment with a large amount of pure hyaluronic acid (HA) based on stable, cooperative, and hybrid complexes. Cohesive polydensified matrix Hyaluronic Acid (CPM‐HA20, Belotero Revive®, Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH) is a slightly cross‐linked HA (20 mg/ml) with glycerol (17.5 mg/ml).

Aims

To evaluate the performance of HCC and CPM‐HA20G for skin quality improvement in healthy female subjects.

Methods

This was a split‐face, single‐blinded study that enrolled 24 healthy female subjects. Injections were given on three separate occasions. HCC was injected on the right cheek, while CPM‐HA20G was injected on the left cheek. A battery of skin property measurements was used to evaluate the skin. Skin properties and overall satisfaction were analyzed using mixed models with the values at baseline, at week 1, week 8, and week 14 as an outcome and a random effect of subject and fixed effects of treatment, visit, and the treatment by visit interaction.

Results

Both products showed evidence of effect relative to baseline on surface hydration (AU), elasticity (N/m) TEWL (g/m2h), and melanin (AU). CPM‐HA20G also showed significant evidence of effect relative to baseline on water content (%), and HCC on pore count (n) and hemoglobin (AU). Satisfaction reported by the subjects themselves showed positive trends of satisfaction over time for multiple skin properties. There were no significant differences between the tested products in the observed skin characteristics over time.

Conclusion

These devices are effective and safe treatments for skin quality improvement, especially moisturization, with high patient satisfaction and generally mild and transient side effects.
Mothers' experiences of a new early collaborative intervention, the EACI, in the neonatal period: A qualitative study
Authors: Helmer Charlotte Sahlén , Thornberg Ulrika Birberg , Abrahamsson Thomas , Mörelius Evalotte
Published: June 2022

Aim

To explore mothers' experiences of the EArly Collaborative Intervention.

Background

Preterm birth puts a considerable emotional and psychological burden on parents and families. Parents to moderate and late premature infants have shorter stays at the neonatal intensive care unit and have described a need for support. The EArly Collaborative Intervention was developed to support parents with preterm infants born between gestational Weeks 30 to 36. In this study, mothers' experiences of the new intervention were explored.

Design

A qualitative design guided by a reflexive thematic analysis according to Braun and Clarke. Interviews were individually performed with 23 mothers experienced with the EArly Collaborative Intervention. Data were identified, analysed and reported using reflexive thematic analysis. The COREQ checklist was used preparing the manuscript.

Results

Two main overarching themes were constructed. The first theme, ‘mothers' feelings evoked from the EArly Collaborative Intervention’ describes the emotions raised by the intervention and how the intervention affected their parental role. Their awareness of the preterm baby's behaviour increased, and the intervention helped the parents to communicate around their baby's needs. The second theme, ‘based on the preterm baby's behavior’, describes experiences of the provision and the learning process about their preterm baby's needs and communication. The intervention was experienced as helpful both immediately and for future interaction with the baby.

Conclusions

Mothers found the intervention to be supportive and encouraging. They came to look upon their baby as an individual, and the new knowledge on how to care and interact with their baby affected both their own and their baby's well‐being. Furthermore, the intervention felt strengthening for their relationship with the other parent.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The EArly Collaborative Intervention can support parents' abilities as well as their relation to their baby and may thereby contribute to infant development, cognition and well‐being.
Genome‐wide characterization of caspase genes in Japanese pufferfish, Takifugu rubripes, and expression profiles in response to Vibrio harveyi infection
Authors: Yang Xu , Liu Xia , Yang Zhen , Guan Yude , Zhao Ruihu , Peng Hongyu , Cao Xinyu , Gao Minghong , Wang Shuhui , Jiang Chen
Published: June 2022

Caspases, also known as cysteine‐dependent aspartate‐directed proteases, play an important role in regulating apoptosis during development and inflammation. In this study, 10 caspase genes were characterized by searching the Japanese pufferfish genome using various bioinformatics methods, such as multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. Additionally, we characterized the caspase genes and examined the expression profiles of every member in both healthy tissues and tissues infected with Vibrio harveyi in the liver and intestine. Our results revealed that 10 caspase genes were detected in all examined tissues, and the expression levels varied among different tissues and genes. Vibrio harveyi infection induced significant changes in the expression of 10 caspases in a time‐dependent manner, suggesting that they might play key roles in the defense process of Japanese pufferfish. Our findings offer strong support for future studies aiming to provide an initial assessment of caspase genes in teleosts.
Performance pay, firm size and export market participation: Evidence from matched employer–employee data
Authors: González Xulia , Loveira Rosa , Pazó Consuelo
Published: June 2022

The objective of this paper is to provide new evidence on the link between firm level characteristics (size and export) and the adoption of performance pay as part of worker remuneration. Our study exploits an employer–employee database with information on more than 200,000 workers at 26,055 Spanish firms. We find that the incidence of performance pay usually increases with firm size (at decreasing rates) and export status. However, we detect a wide variation among occupations, both in the prevalence of the two types of performance pay analysed and their relationship with size and export.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related cholangiopathy: Novel clinicopathological description of a multi‐centre cohort
Authors: Berry Philip , Kotha Sreelakshmi , Zen Yoh , Papa Sophie , El Menabawey Tareq , Webster George , Joshi Deepak , Heneghan Michael
Published: June 2022

Background and aims

Cholestatic liver dysfunction is common in immune‐related hepatitis (irH) during treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) for malignancy. We investigated the spectrum of bile duct injury and associated natural history in this cohort.

Method

Clinical, laboratory, radiological and histopathological data in patients with evidence of bile duct injury during CPI treatment from 2018 to 2020 was collected in three tertiary hospitals.

Results

In this study, ten patients with confirmed bile duct disease were identified. Pembrolizumab was most commonly implicated (8/10). Median CPI cycles prior to bile duct injury was 6. Median alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were 225 U/L and 1549 U/L respectively. Clinical jaundice was seen in 6/10 and radiological evidence of bile duct pathology in 8/10. Of five patients, who had liver biopsy, three cases (including two cases with normal MRCP) showed primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) like changes with periductal fibrosis. All patients were treated first‐line with prednisolone following cessation of CPI, three with mycophenolate mofetil and one with tacrolimus, with clinical response in four patients. Five patients died after a mean follow‐up of 27 weeks; cause of death was primarily related to progression of malignancy.

Conclusion

Within this heterogeneous cohort, we identified that CPI‐related cholangiopathy responded poorly to immunosuppression and potentially progressed to bile duct loss. Thorough radiological and histological assessment is recommended, as identification of the cholangiopathy‐associated phenotype may permit more informed advice regarding prognosis. Further data is required to determine detailed immunological characterisation in order to identify individuals at an increased risk of developing cholangiopathy.
The C‐terminal head domain of Burkholderia pseudomalleiBpaC has a striking hydrophilic core with an extensive solvent network
Authors: Kiessling Andreas R. , Harris Sarah A. , Weimer Kathleen M. , Wells Geoffrey , Goldman Adrian
Published: June 2022

Gram‐negative pathogens like Burkholderia pseudomallei use trimeric autotransporter adhesins such as BpaC as key molecules in their pathogenicity. Our 1.4 Å crystal structure of the membrane‐proximal part of the BpaC head domain shows that the domain is exclusively made of left‐handed parallel β‐roll repeats. This, the largest such structure solved, has two unique features. First, the core, rather than being composed of the canonical hydrophobic Ile and Val, is made up primarily of the hydrophilic Thr and Asn, with two different solvent channels. Second, comparing BpaC to all other left‐handed parallel β‐roll structures showed that the position of the head domain in the protein correlates with the number and type of charged residues. In BpaC, only negatively charged residues face the solvent—in stark contrast to the primarily positive surface charge of the left‐handed parallel β‐roll “type” protein, YadA. We propose extending the definitions of these head domains to include the BpaC‐like head domain as a separate subtype, based on its unusual sequence, position, and charge. We speculate that the function of left‐handed parallel β‐roll structures may differ depending on their position in the structure.
Prevention of microbial colonization of feeding tubes in the intensive care unit
Authors: Ozen Nurten , Sis Celik Aslı , Terzioglu Fusun , Ozen Volkan , Ozmen Ozgur , Kose Sema , Tosun Betul , Dogan Nazim , Ardic Busra , Atabeyoglu Cimen Bahar , Kilic Dilek , Uslu Hakan
Published: June 2022

Background

Various microorganisms which increase the mortality rate in the intensive care unit (ICU) cause microbial colonization of the nasogastric tube (NGT) and use the NGT as a reservoir.

Aim

To detect the colonization on the NGT and to determine the effect that training regarding hand hygiene, NGT management, and enteral feeding (EF) provided to ICU nurses and auxiliary service staff (ASS) has on the level of NGT colonization.

Study Design

A quasi‐experimental pre‐test and post‐test control design was used in this study. Microbial samples were taken from the outer and inner parts of NGT. The microorganisms were categorized as: group 1, no risk; group 2, low risk pathogenic; group 3, high‐risk pathogenic group. The training was given to nurses (n = 15) and ASS (n = 7). Hand hygiene, NGT, and EF care training are provided to nurses and ASS by researchers. A total of three training sessions were scheduled to be held in 3 weeks so that all health care staff members were trained. Each session lasted 2 h in total. Patients were assigned to a group if one of the microorganisms presented on the outer surface of the patient's feeding tube and/or on the hub. The hand hygiene compliance was evaluated by direct observation according to the World Health Organization hand hygiene indications.

Results

The study was conducted with 46 patients. Evaluating the patients for the presence of microorganisms before education revealed that 4.3% were in group 1, 21.8% were in group 2, and 73.9% were in group 3. After the education, evaluating the samples for the presence of microorganisms revealed that 39.1% were in group 1, 13% were in group 2, and 47.8% were in group 3. A statistically significant difference was found between the number of samples included in the groups after the participants had received training (H = 8.186; p = .017).

Conclusions

An NGT could act as a reservoir of microbial colonization and high‐risk microorganisms could be on the tube. Providing training not only to nurses but also to ASS will help reduce the risk of colonization.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Eliminating such colonization with effective hand hygiene during NGT feeding is a cost‐effective method. Providing training not only to nurses but also to ASS will help obtain the optimum benefit from patient care.
Personality traits and college students' internet addiction: The mediating roles of general health and self‐esteem
Authors: Khosravi Mohsen , Khosrobaki Masumeh , Foroutan Aida
Published: June 2022

This research aimed to explore the gender‐related differences in Internet addiction levels, the associated factors behind Internet addiction, and the mediating roles of general health and self‐esteem in the relationship between personality traits and Internet addiction among college students. A total of 318 college students in Iran participating in this study completed sociodemographic information form and self‐report measures of Internet addiction, personality traits, general health, and self‐esteem. The results showed higher frequencies of low and moderate–severe levels of addiction among female and male students, respectively. Further, younger age, male gender, singleness, high scores on neuroticism, poor general health, and low self‐esteem might be linked to Internet addiction. The overall hypothesis that general health and self‐esteem mediated the effect of neuroticism on Internet addiction was also supported. Our findings highlighted the necessity of evaluating general health and self‐esteem among Internet‐addicted students. Further, these variables can be targeted by psychiatrists and psychologists for effective cognitive‐behavioral therapy among Internet‐addicted students.
Misleading Through Images: Television News as Simulacrum
Authors: Greguš Ľuboš , Predmerská Anna Kačincová , Radošinská Jana
Published: June 2022

The aim of the presented theoretical-empirical study, which is based on theoretical reflection on the issue in question, case study and application of quantitative content analysis, is to discuss the occurrence of simulations in contemporary television newscasting in the context of the construction of media reality. Due to the specificity of the topic and the complexity of the research, we focus on informing about foreign affair events portrayed by the Slovak news television channel TA3. Drawing from current studies and acquired data sets, the research material consists of 712 television news items by TA3 and 4208 audio-visual agency materials by Reuters published over a two-month period, more specifically in January 2019 and May 2019. We conducted quantitative content analysis in order to point out the degree of occurrence of simulations in television news. Considering the results of the inquiry, we can confirm the unclear labelling of stock and archive images in every eighth television news item, which can lead to distortion of recipients’ imagination, i.e., towards misrepresentation or ‘bending’ objective reality in their minds caused by television broadcasting.
Regular integral models for Shimura varieties of orthogonal type
Authors: Pappas G. , Zachos I.
Published: June 2022

We consider Shimura varieties for orthogonal or spin groups acting on hermitian symmetric domains of type IV. We give regular $p$-adic integral models for these varieties over odd primes $p$ at which the level subgroup is the connected stabilizer of a vertex lattice in the orthogonal space. Our construction is obtained by combining results of Kisin and the first author with an explicit presentation and resolution of a corresponding local model.
One new genus, ten new species, and four new records of eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) in Tibet, China
Authors: Liu Liangxin , Yao Gang , Yang Juan , Wang Guoquan
Published: June 2022

One new genus, ten new species, and four new records of eriophyoid mites from Tibet are described and illustrated. They are Eriophyes clematus sp. nov. on Clematis buchananiana DC. (Ranunculaceae), Eriophyes niveus sp. nov. on Rubus niveus Thunb. (Rosaceae), Plancorpus populi gen. nov. & sp. nov. on Populus simonii Carrière (Salicaceae), Aculochetus desmodius sp. nov. on Desmodium elegans DC. (Leguminosae), Aculus trilobus sp. nov. on Prunus triloba Lindl. (Rosaceae), Tetra hyperica sp. nov. on Hypericum bellum Li (Hypericaceae), Calepitrimerus buchananianus sp. nov. on Clematis buchananiana DC. (Ranunculaceae), Calepitrimerus tanguticus sp. nov. on Clematis tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh. (Ranunculaceae), Phyllocoptes excoecarus sp. nov. on Excoecaria acerifolia Didr. (Euphorbiaceae), Neorhynacus pistacus sp. nov. on Pistacia weinmanniifolia J. Poiss. ex Franch. (Anacardiaceae), Anthocoptes punctidorsa Keifer, 1943 rec. nov. on Ulmus pumila L. (Ulmaceae), Vittacus bougainvilleae (Keifer, 1959) rec. nov. on Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. (Nyctaginaceae), Phyllocoptes cedri Keifer, 1946 rec. nov. on Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D. Don) G. Don (Pinaceae), and Diptacus hamedanicus Jafari & Khanjani, 2020 rec. nov. on Prunus triloba Lindl. and Prunus armeniaca L. (Rosaceae).
An iterative transfer matrix approach for estimating the sound speed and attenuation constant of air in a standing wave tube
Authors: Mo Zhuang , Song Guochenhao , Hou Kang , Bolton J. Stuart
Published: June 2022

In this work, an iterative method based on the four-microphone transfer matrix approach was developed for evaluating the sound speed and attenuation constant of air within a standing wave tube. When the air inside the standing wave tube is treated as the material under test, i.e., as if it were a sample of porous material, the transfer matrix approach can be used to identify the air's acoustic properties. The wavenumber within the tube is complex owing to the formation of a visco-thermal boundary layer on the inner circumference of the tube. Starting from an assumed knowledge of the air properties, an iterative method can be applied in the post-processing stage to estimate the complex wavenumber. Experimental results presented here show that although the results are sensitive to ambient temperature, a semi-empirical formula previously proposed by Temkin [(1981). Elements of Acoustics (John Wiley & Sons)] matches closely with the measured sound speed and attenuation constant, as does a theoretical formulation proposed by Lahiri et al. [(2014). J. Sound Vib. 333(15), 3440–3458]. Further, it is shown that the Temkin [(1981). Elements of Acoustics (John Wiley & Sons)] and Lahiri et al. [(2014). J. Sound Vib. 333(15), 3440–3458] predictions accurately represent the variation of sound speed with frequency, in contrast to the formula recommended in the ASTM E1050 standard [(2019). American Society for Testing and Materials], in which the sound speed is assumed to be independent of frequency.
Depletion of oocyte dynamin-related protein 1 shows maternal-effect abnormalities in embryonic development
Authors: Adhikari Deepak , Lee In-won , Al-Zubaidi Usama , Liu Jun , Zhang Qing-Hua , Yuen Wai Shan , He Likun , Winstanley Yasmyn , Sesaki Hiromi , Mann Jeffrey R. , Robker Rebecca L. , Carroll John
Published: June 2022

Eggs contain about 200,000 mitochondria that generate adenosine triphosphate and metabolites essential for oocyte development. Mitochondria also integrate metabolism and transcription via metabolites that regulate epigenetic modifiers, but there is no direct evidence linking oocyte mitochondrial function to the maternal epigenome and subsequent embryo development. Here, we have disrupted oocyte mitochondrial function via deletion of the mitochondrial fission factor Drp1. Fission-deficient oocytes exhibit a high frequency of failure in peri- and postimplantation development. This is associated with altered mitochondrial function, changes in the oocyte transcriptome and proteome, altered subcortical maternal complex, and a decrease in oocyte DNA methylation and H3K27me3. Transplanting pronuclei of fertilized Drp1 knockout oocytes to normal ooplasm fails to rescue embryonic lethality. We conclude that mitochondrial function plays a role in establishing the maternal epigenome, with serious consequences for embryo development.
Mating-driven variability in olfactory local interneuron wiring
Authors: Chou Ya-Hui , Yang Chi-Jen , Huang Hao-Wei , Liou Nan-Fu , Panganiban Michael Raphael , Luginbuhl David , Yin Yijie , Taisz Istvan , Liang Liang , Jefferis Gregory S. X. E. , Luo Liqun
Published: June 2022

Variations in neuronal connectivity occur widely in nervous systems from invertebrates to mammals. Yet, it is unclear how neuronal variability originates, to what extent and at what time scales it exists, and what functional consequences it might carry. To assess inter- and intraindividual neuronal variability, it would be ideal to analyze the same identified neuron across different brain hemispheres and individuals. Here, using genetic labeling and electron microscopy connectomics, we show that an identified inhibitory olfactory local interneuron, TC-LN, exhibits extraordinary variability in its glomerular innervation patterns. Moreover, TC-LN’s innervation of the VL2a glomerulus, which processes food signals and modulates mating behavior, is sexually dimorphic, is influenced by female’s courtship experience, and correlates with food intake in mated females. Mating also affects output connectivity of TC-LN to specific local interneurons. We propose that mating-associated variability of TC-LNs regulates how food odor is interpreted by an inhibitory network to modulate feeding.
Universal optothermal micro/nanoscale rotors
Authors: Ding Hongru , Kollipara Pavana Siddhartha , Kim Youngsun , Kotnala Abhay , Li Jingang , Chen Zhihan , Zheng Yuebing
Published: June 2022

Rotation of micro/nano-objects is important for micro/nanorobotics, three-dimensional imaging, and lab-on-a-chip systems. Optical rotation techniques are especially attractive because of their fuel-free and remote operation. However, current techniques require laser beams with designed intensity profile and polarization or objects with sophisticated shapes or optical birefringence. These requirements make it challenging to use simple optical setups for light-driven rotation of many highly symmetric or isotropic objects, including biological cells. Here, we report a universal approach to the out-of-plane rotation of various objects, including spherically symmetric and isotropic particles, using an arbitrary low-power laser beam. Moreover, the laser beam is positioned away from the objects to reduce optical damage from direct illumination. The rotation mechanism based on opto-thermoelectrical coupling is elucidated by rigorous experiments combined with multiscale simulations. With its general applicability and excellent biocompatibility, our universal light-driven rotation platform is instrumental for various scientific research and engineering applications.
The intersectional privilege of white able-bodied heterosexual men in STEM
Authors: Cech Erin A.
Published: June 2022

A foundational assumption of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) inequality research is that members of the most well represented demographic group—white able-bodied heterosexual men (WAHM)—are uniquely privileged in STEM. But is this really the case? Using survey data of U.S. STEM professionals (N= 25,324), this study examines whether WAHM experience better treatment and rewards in STEM compared with members of all 31 other intersectional gender, race, sexual identity, and disability status categories. Indicating systematic advantages accompanying WAHM status, WAHM experience more social inclusion, professional respect, and career opportunities, and have higher salaries and persistence intentions than STEM professionals in 31 other intersectional groups. Decomposition analyses illustrate that these advantages operate in part as premiums—benefits attached to WAHM status that cannot be attributed to variation in human capital, work effort, and other factors. These findings motivate research and policy efforts to move beyond a single axis paradigm to better understand and address intersectional (dis)advantages in STEM.
The Serological Sciences Network (SeroNet) for COVID-19: Depth and Breadth of Serology Assays and Plans for Assay Harmonization
Authors: Karger Amy B. , Brien James D. , Christen Jayne M. , Dhakal Santosh , Kemp Troy J. , Klein Sabra L. , Pinto Ligia A. , Premkumar Lakshmanane , Roback John D. , Binder Raquel A. , Boehme Karl W. , Boppana Suresh , Cordon-Cardo Carlos , Crawford James M. , Daiss John L. , Dupuis Alan P. , Espino Ana M. , Firpo-Betancourt Adolfo , Forconi Catherine , Forrest J. Craig , Girardin Roxie C. , Granger Douglas A. , Granger Steve W. , Haddad Natalie S. , Heaney Christopher D. , Hunt Danielle T. , Kennedy Joshua L. , King Christopher L. , Krammer Florian , Kruczynski Kate , LaBaer Joshua , Lee F. Eun-Hyung , Lee William T. , Liu Shan-Lu , Lozanski Gerard , Lucas Todd , Mendu Damodara Rao , Moormann Ann M. , Murugan Vel , Okoye Nkemakonam C. , Pantoja Petraleigh , Payne Anne F. , Park Jin , Pinninti Swetha , Pinto Amelia K. , Pisanic Nora , Qiu Ji , Sariol Carlos A. , Simon Viviana , Song Lusheng , Steffen Tara L. , Stone E. Taylor , Styer Linda M. , Suthar Mehul S. , Thomas Stefani N. , Thyagarajan Bharat , Wajnberg Ania , Yates Jennifer L. , Sobhani Kimia
Published: June 2022

SeroNet institutions have developed or implemented 61 diverse COVID-19 serological assays and are collaboratively working to harmonize these assays using reference materials to establish standardized reporting units. This will facilitate clinical interpretation of serology results and cross-comparison of research data.
Mutual Exclusion of
Methanobrevibacter
Species in the Human Gut Microbiota Facilitates Directed Cultivation of a
Candidatus
Methanobrevibacter Intestini Representative
Authors: Low Adrian , Lee Jolie Kar Yi , Gounot Jean-Sebastien , Ravikrishnan Aarthi , Ding Yichen , Saw Woei-Yuh , Tan Linda Wei Lin , Moong Don Kyin Nwe , Teo Yik Ying , Nagarajan Niranjan , Seedorf Henning
Published: June 2022

Methanogens are important hydrogen consumers in the gut and are associated with differing host health. Here, we determine the prevalence and abundance of archaeal species in the guts of a multi-ethnic cohort of healthy Singapore residents.
Supplemental Material: An absolutely dated record of climate change over the last three glacial–interglacial cycles from Chinese loess deposits
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Li Sheng Hua , al. et
Published: June 2022

Details of sampling, dating, Bacon age-depth modeling; a summary of previous luminescence dating studies on the Chinese Loess Plateau; and global climatic evidence for reassigning the MIS 8/9 boundary age. 
Supplemental Material: Extreme erosion by submarine slides
Authors: Nugraha Harya D. , al. et
Published: June 2022

Supplemental figures and tables. 
Supplemental Material: Mercury evidence of Deccan volcanism driving the Latest Maastrichtian warming event
Authors: Li Sha , al. et
Published: June 2022

Detailed methods and results. 
Supplemental Material: Hikurangi megathrust slip behavior influenced by lateral variability in sediment subduction
Authors: Gase Andrew , al. et
Published: June 2022

Uninterpreted seismic images and legacy seismic data. 
Supplemental Material: Differentiation between carbonate and silicate metasomatism based on lithium isotopic compositions of alkali basalts
Authors: Tan Dongbo , Xiao Yilin , al. et
Published: June 2022

Methods, data, and supplemental figures. 
Estimating survival in a remote community-based fishery using acoustic telemetry
Authors: Lees K.J. , MacNeil M.A. , Hedges K.J. , Hussey N.E.
Published: June 2022

Small-scale fisheries are often considered data poor due to a myriad of complex factors. Precise estimates of key demographic rates are central to the sustainable management of these fisheries. We used 3 years of acoustic telemetry data to derive survival estimates of Greenland halibut ( Reinhardtius hippoglossoides;  n = 255) within a small-scale community fishery in Pangnirtung, Nunavut. Cormack–Jolly–Seber survival estimates were similar for the three top models (quarterly ϕ > 0.80) and detection probability varied with time and as a result of different tag configurations used ( pTag type +  t). Survival also differed depending on the location and timing of fish tagging ( ϕCatch; summer vs. winter). A further joint analysis combining detections of live fish and returned tags estimated quarterly survival and site fidelity probability ( s = 0.97, 0.92–1.00 CI (credible interval) and f = 0.96, 0.92–1.00 CI, respectively). Survival estimates were unachievable using traditional tagging methods, highlighting the value of acoustic telemetry mark–recapture as a management tool for estimating demographic parameters for poorly known small-scale fisheries.
An Improved Gumowski–Mira Map with Symmetric Lyapunov Exponents
Authors: Yan Dengwei , Ji’e Musha , Wang Lidan , Shi Hang , Duan Shukai
Published: June 2022

The symmetric Lyapunov exponents (LEs) are known to be an inherent property of continuous-time conservative systems. However, the research on this interesting phenomenon in a discrete-time chaotic map has not been reported. Thus, this paper presents an improved 2D chaotic map based on Gumowski–Mira (GM) transformation, which has a stable fixed point or an unstable fixed point depending on its control parameters. Furthermore, it can display symmetric LEs and an infinite number of coexisting attractors with different amplitudes and different shapes. To demonstrate the complex dynamics of the 2D chaotic map, this paper studies its control parameters related to dynamical behaviors employing numerical analysis methods. Then, the hardware implementation based on STM32 platform is established for illustrating the numerical simulation results. Next, the random performance of the 2D chaotic map is tested by NIST FIPS140-2 suite. Finally, an image encryption algorithm based on the 2D chaotic map is designed, and the results obtained reveal that the proposed chaotic map has excellent randomness and is more suitable for many chaos-based image encryptions.
Bifurcations and Chaos in Periodically Forced Coupled Ramp Neurons
Authors: Horikawa Yo
Published: June 2022

Bifurcations and chaos in periodically forced coupled ramp neurons (rectified linear units) are examined as one of minimal chaotic neural networks. The first ramp neuron connects to the second ramp neuron excitatorily while the second ramp neuron connects to the first neuron inhibitorily. When the first ramp neuron is forced by a rectangular wave, a stable periodic solution is generated. The system is piecewise linear and its periodic solutions are obtained by connecting local solutions in linear domains at borders and solving transcendental equations. Their Poincaré maps and Jacobian matrices are also derived rigorously, by which the bifurcations of the periodic solutions are calculated. The periodic solution undergoes period-doubling bifurcations, which leads to the generation of a chaotic attractor. A period-three solution is also generated through saddle-node bifurcations, which is characteristic of a chaotic system. A one-dimensional phase return map is derived and it is shown that the bifurcations of its fixed points agree with the bifurcations of the multiple periodic solutions of the original forced system. Further, qualitatively the same bifurcations and chaos occur when the first ramp neuron is replaced by a step neuron, in which a chaotic attractor is also generated through a border collision bifurcation. The linear response and the dead zone of the ramp neurons are essential for the emergence of chaos.
A self-dual complete resolution
Authors: Diethorn Rachel N.
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we construct a self-dual complete resolution of a module defined by a pair of embedded complete intersection ideals in a local ring. Our construction is based on a gluing construction of Herzog and Martsinkovsky and exploits the structure of Koszul homology in the embedded complete intersection case. As a consequence of our construction, we produce an isomorphism between certain stable homology and cohomology modules.
Environmental Impacts of Artificial Light at Night
Authors: Gaston Kevin J. , Sánchez de Miguel Alejandro
Published: June 2022

The nighttime is undergoing unprecedented change across much of the world, with natural light cycles altered by the introduction of artificial light emissions. Here we review the extent and dynamics of artificial light at night (ALAN), the benefits that ALAN provides, the environmental costs ALAN creates, approaches to mitigating these negative effects, and how costs are likely to change in the future. We particularly highlight the consequences of the increasingly widespread use of light-emitting diode (LED) technology for new lighting installations and to retrofit pre-existing ones. Although this has been characterized as a technological lighting revolution, it also constitutes a revolution in the environmental costs and impacts of ALAN, particularly because the LEDs commonly used for outdoor lighting have significant emissions at the blue wavelengths to which many biological responses are particularly sensitive. It is clear that a very different approach to the use of artificial lighting is required.
Liquid Fuels Derived from Microalgae: Physicochemical Analysis
Authors: Raviteja Surakasi , Lakshmikanth Chowdary Velivela
Published: June 2022

In the analysis of the fuel like the liquid fuels obtained from the transesterification process of Spirulina microalgae biomass, the physicochemical characteristics correspond to fractions of gasoline, paraffin, and diesel, and to determine the environmental sustainability of its use, combustion tests were carried out on a diesel test engine (1000, 2000, and 3000 rpm) to establish a comparison with commercial neat diesel. The results obtained prove, based on the analysis of emissions and combustion, that this fuel can be a direct replacement for diesel.
The Roles of Autophagy, Mitophagy, and the Akt/mTOR Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps
Authors: Wang Chen , Zhou Min-Li , Liu Yong-Cai , Cheng Ke-Jia
Published: June 2022

The pathogenesis of CRSwNP is complex and unclear. CRSwNP is subdivided into two types based on the infiltration of EOSs: eCRSwNP and noeCRSwNP. This study was designed to seek the role of autophagy, mitophagy, and Akt/mTOR pathway in these two subtypes of CRSwNP. This study included 29 patients with CRSwNP and 9 controls. The levels of autophagy, mitophagy, and Akt/mTOR pathway-related proteins in nasal tissues were quantified using western blot analysis. Levels of eosinophilic inflammation-related cytokines in nasal tissues were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunohistochemistry was also used to evaluate autophagy, mitophagy, and Akt/mTOR pathway-related protein expression and distribution in nasal polyps and control tissues. Transmission electron microscopy was used to detect the formation of autophagosomes and mitochondrial autophagosomes. Masson’s trichrome and periodic acid–Schiff Alcian blue staining were used to evaluate the severity of tissue remodeling. The expression of p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR was upregulated in patients with eCRSwNP or noeCRSwNP. Beclin 1, PINK1, BNIP3, and FUNDC1 levels were significantly reduced in the nasal polyps of patients with eCRSwNP or noeCRSwNP. Autophagosomes and mitochondrial autophagosomes formed less frequently in the nasal polyps of patients with eCRSwNP or noeCRSwNP. Levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and ECP and the eotaxins CCL11, CCL24, and CCL26 were elevated in the nasal polyps of patients with eCRSwNP or noeCRSwNP. Tissue remodeling is enhanced in patients with eCRSwNP or noeCRSwNP. The Akt/mTOR pathway, eosinophilic inflammation, and tissue remodeling are activated in the nasal polyps of patients with eCRSwNP or noeCRSwNP. The downregulation of autophagy and mitophagy is also observed in eosinophilic and noneosinophilic nasal polyps. The targeting of mitophagy may provide new therapeutic options for different endotypes of CRSwNP.