bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are dietary patterns becoming more processed? The effects of different dietary patterns on cognition: A review
Authors: Harriden Brittany , D’Cunha Nathan M. , Kellett Jane , Isbel Stephen , Panagiotakos Demosthenes B. , Naumovski Nenad
Published: April 2022

Background: Identifying dietary patterns that promote healthy aging has become increasingly important due to changes in food processing and consumption of processed foods. Recently, the effects of these foods and unhealthy dietary patterns on cognitive function have become more widely recognized. Aim: The aim of this review is to discuss the association between various dietary patterns and cognition in older age, while also highlighting growing evidence that ultra processed food (UPF) may negatively impact healthy aging. Methods: We have performed a non-systematic literature review searches in Google Scholar electronic database with pre-defined terms relating to UPF, diet, dietary patterns, cognition and ageing. Results: The most prevalent diets in the literature include the Western, Mediterranean, Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurogenerative Delay (MIND), Japanese, Nordic, and plant-based diets. Based on the findings, higher intakes of fresh fruit and vegetables, wholegrains and oily fish are common components of dietary patterns that are positively associated with better cognitive function. In contrast, the characteristics of a Western style dietary pattern, consisting of high amounts of UPF's, are increasing in many countries even where the staple dietary pattern was identified as healthy (i.e. Japan). Conclusion: The consumption of UPF, classified by the NOVA food classification system as industrially manufactured foods containing high levels of starches, vegetable oils, sugar, emulsifiers, and foods additives, has a negative impact on the overall nutritional quality of individual diets.
Older People’s Use of Digital Technology During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sixsmith Andrew , Horst Becky R. , Simeonov Dorina , Mihailidis Alex
Published: April 2022

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic is having a major impact on the lives of everyone, but in particular on the health and well-being of older people. It has also disrupted the way that individuals access services and interact with one another, and physical distancing and “Stay at Home” orders have seen digital interaction become a necessity. While these restrictions have highlighted the importance of technology in everyday life, little is known about how older adults have responded to this change. Methods: Two surveys, one in 2019 and another in 2020 collected data on a combined total of 1923 older adults aged 65 years and older in Canada. These looked at how older adults think about and use technology, with the 2020 survey additionally questioning how COVID-19 has impacted their use and attitudes towards technology. Results: While older adults feel more isolated in 2020, many feel positive about the benefits of technology and have increased technology use during the pandemic to support their health, wellness, and communication needs. Discussion: The results highlight the potential of technology for supporting older adults in various aspects of healthy aging. While these results point to the opportunities afforded by technology, challenges remain, such as how social and economic factors influence technology uptake.
Probing the Extremes of Aesthetics: The Role of Typicality and Novelty in the Aesthetic Preference of Industrial Boilers
Authors: Suhaimi Safia Najwa , Kuys Blair , Barron Deirdre , Li Nuoya , Rahman Zainurul , Whitfield Allan
Published: April 2022

There is a long history of humans attempting to understand what drives aesthetic preference. One line of inquiry examines the effects of typicality and novelty on aesthetic responses to designed products. There is currently a wide support towards the ‘Most Advanced Yet Acceptable’ (MAYA) principle, and studies underpinning this have focused on everyday objects. Despite the differences in the function of everyday objects, what they all have in common is their visibility. This do not tell us whether the aesthetic processing will be the same when applied to less visible objects. A study was undertaken using industrial boilers as stimuli and conducted on 7-point Likert scales with participants from Australia and China. The results are unequivocal: novelty makes a medium contribution, while typicality makes a low contribution. This is inconsistent with the notion that typicality is a major determinant of aesthetic preference, suggesting that the current models of aesthetic preference need elaboration.
The Relations of Empathy and Gender to Aesthetic Response and Aesthetic Inference of Visual Artworks
Authors: Miller Chantal A. , Hübner Ronald
Published: April 2022

The relation between empathy and aesthetic experience has been stated early in empirical aesthetics. Aesthetic empathy means the ability to take the perspective of an artwork´s depicted content or form. Nowadays, empathy defines the ability to infer other persons´ mental states and feelings. In this study, we investigated the relationship between empathy and aesthetic response and aesthetic inference abilities. Subjects judged twenty-four visual artworks on an affective, a cognitive, and a beauty dimension, in a Self- and Other-assessment. We analyzed these data in relation to self-judged empathy on four dimensions: emotional and cognitive empathy in fictitious and in real-world situations. Additionally, we considered gender differences in empathy and aesthetic response. Results show (gender-specific) correlations between empathy and aesthetic response and aesthetic inference abilities. This supports the assumption that empathy assists to adopt the perspective of visual artworks as well as to infer the aesthetic preferences of other people.
Animal models for studying COVID-19, prevention, and therapy: Pathology and disease phenotypes
Authors: Choudhary Shambhunath , Kanevsky Isis , Tomlinson Lindsay
Published: April 2022

Translational models have played an important role in the rapid development of safe and effective vaccines and therapeutic agents for the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Animal models recapitulating the clinical and underlying pathological manifestations of COVID-19 have been vital for identification and rational design of safe and effective vaccines and therapies. This manuscript provides an overview of commonly used COVID-19 animal models and the pathologic features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in these models in relation to their clinical presentation in humans. Also discussed are considerations for selecting appropriate animal models for infectious diseases such as COVID-19, the host determinants that can influence species-specific susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, and the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Finally, the limitations of currently available COVID-19 animal models are highlighted.
The Impact of a Single Bus Rapid Transit Corridor on Transit Ridership: The Winnipeg Example
Authors: Marshall Baker Dwayne , Linovski Orly
Published: April 2022

This research explores how the implementation of a single bus rapid transit (BRT) corridor affected transit ridership change in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Key issues in measuring ridership change resulting from BRT include (1) understanding stop-level- rather than corridor-level change; (2) examining the ridership impacts of new infrastructure where there is no comparable pre-BRT infrastructure; and (3) assessing piecemeal implementation of BRT. To address these issues, we undertook a quasi-experimental study using agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), propensity score matching (PSM), and t-tests with Cohen’s d to determine BRT’s causal ridership impact. The use of AHC and PSM in what we refer to as cluster-level modeling provided an improved method for measuring causal ridership change at the stop cluster level in areas with no pre-BRT stations. The results revealed no statistical evidence that BRT caused increased transit ridership for stop clusters directly along the BRT corridor. However, the results did indicate that stop clusters for routes connecting to a BRT station experienced an increase in transit ridership. The importance of such findings is grounded in understanding that a limited number of stops along a single corridor may not be enough to affect transit ridership, yet BRT’s flexibility in being able to operate off the BRT corridor does enhance transit ridership.
How COVID-19 is Affecting Pedestrian Modeling and Simulation: The Case of Venice
Authors: Espitia Eduardo , Gorrini Andrea , Vacca Alessandro , Deponte Diego , Sarvi Majid
Published: April 2022

The use of computer-based pedestrian crowd simulations has become crucial in transport planning considering the unprecedented effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on urban mobility. However, there is still a lack of knowledge in relation to the impact of social distancing on crowding, queuing, route choice, and other pedestrian crowd phenomena. In this context, the aim of the current study was to apply the Social Force Model of the pedestrian simulation platform PTV Viswalk to investigate the effects of disruption of social distancing on pedestrian dynamics. First, a descriptive set of metrics and parameters was applied for calibrating the dynamic regulation of interpersonal distances among pedestrians. The plausibility of the proposed social distancing model was then evaluated against the so-called fundamental diagram to calibrate pedestrian volume-delay functions. Finally, the proposed model was integrated into the PTV Visum simulation platform to evaluate the effects of social distancing on large-scale pedestrian route choice. To do so, a macroscopic static model of the city of Venice was developed to test the effectiveness of alternative crowd management strategies related to pedestrian dynamics in a predictive scheme.
Modeling Urban Mode Choice Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Switzerland Using Mixed Multiple Discrete-Continuous Extreme Value Models
Authors: Meister Adrian , Mondal Aupal , Asmussen Katherine E. , Bhat Chandra , Axhausen Kay W.
Published: April 2022

This paper describes and models the behavioral response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland. The MOBIS-COVID GPS tracking dataset, which includes a pre-pandemic reference base, is used. Trip-level data are transformed in weekly distance proportions per mode per week, and the data are modeled using a mixed multiple discrete-continuous extreme value (MMDCEV) model. Four distinct segments are derived, from September 2019 until the end of 2020, and used to uncover natural and forced behavioral adaptations. The descriptive and model estimation results confirm the trends partly observed around the globe, that is, a large decrease in public transport usage, recovered car usage, and a cycling boom. Behavioral insights are further provided as well as policy recommendations.
Translation, validation and exploration of the factor structure in the French version of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI)
Authors: Lebel Sarah , Dewar Michelle , Brillon Pascale
Published: April 2022

Le Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI) is one of the most used instruments to assess posttraumatic cognitions. Since its release, many studies have tried to validate and translate this questionnaire, but they had difficulty to confirm its structure and then suggested alternatives. Faced with no consensus, a short version in nine statements was developed and showed good psychometric properties. To date, no French version of the PTCI has been validated, thereby preventing studies from investigating the role of posttraumatic cognitions in French speaking populations.

Objectives

In order to validate a French version of the PTCI, this study investigates two objectives using two French speaking samples: (1) test 10 factor structures identified in prior studies, and (2) assess the other psychometric properties of the best fitting factor structure.

Method

The PTCI was translated in French using a reverse translation method and administered to 202 university students and 114 aid workers. Suitability indexes of the appropriate factor structures previously identified in prior studies were examined. Internal consistency, correlations between subscales and convergent, divergent and discriminant validities in the most appropriate structure were evaluated.

Results

Results support that only Wells et al.'s short 9-item version of the PTCI and three factors shows excellent suitability indexes. This version also outlines an excellent internal consistency and solid convergent, divergent, and discriminant validities.

Conclusions

This study confirms the empirical validity, fidelity, and utility of Wells et al.'s short version of the PTCI. This is the first PTCI French validation, which is a major advantage when it comes to assess posttraumatic cognitions in French trauma victims.
A Retrospective Observational Study of Anticoagulation Practices in Critically ill Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Miller NHC , Johnston BW , Hampden-Martin A , AAC Waite , Waugh V , Welters ID
Published: April 2022

Background

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in critically ill patients. AF precipitates thromboembolic (TE) events. International guidelines recommend long-term anticoagulation for AF patients dependent upon the risk of TE versus major bleeding events. The CHA2DS2VASc and HAS-BLED scores are used to calculate these risks, but have not been validated in intensive care. Little is known about the risk/benefit ratio of prescribing anticoagulation to patients with AF in the intensive care setting.

Methods

This observational study included patients who were admitted to intensive care and had AF episodes during admission. We aimed to 1) describe the anticoagulation strategies used in critically ill patients with AF, 2) determine the percentage of patients who received guideline-compliant anticoagulation and 3) compare anticoagulation strategies in patients with new onset AF (NOAF) and known AF. Demographic data was extracted from electronic health records. Therapeutic anticoagulation prescribed during AF episodes and outcomes were collected. CHA2DS2VASc and HAS-BLED scores were calculated and correlated with TE and bleeding events.

Results

The incidence of AF in our cohort was 13.8%. Anticoagulation was administered in 34.0% of patients. Anticoagulation use did not affect morbidity or mortality outcomes. Patients with pre-existing AF were anticoagulated more often compared to patients with NOAF. CHA2DS2VASc scores and TE events, and HAS-BLED scores and bleeding events did not correlate well.

Conclusion

AF is common in critical care. Current guidelines on anticoagulation in AF may not be directly transferable to the critical care setting.
Degradation of internal fixation materials based on antibacterial and absorbable silk containing different gentamicin concentrations
Authors: Shi Chenglong , Liao Xuqiang , Pu Xiaobing , Li Xiushi , Wu Ruihui , Deng Donghai , Zhou Yunfei , Huang Xingqiu
Published: April 2022

Adding gentamicin to silk fibroin enhances both the antibacterial performance and degradation rate of silk-based materials. The increased material degradation rate can affect the strength of early internal fixation, resulting in internal fixation failure. This study sought to adjust the gentamicin concentration to control the material degradation rate, thereby better meeting clinical application requirements. The in vitro degradation, water absorption rate, and expansion rate of silk-based materials containing different gentamicin concentrations were studied. A gentamicin-loaded silk-based screw was implanted into the femurs of New Zealand rabbits. Micro-computed tomography was used to measure the screw diameter, which was then used to calculate the degradation rate. The specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome. The in vitro results revealed increasing material degradation rates with increasing gentamicin concentration but no significant differences in water absorption rates with different gentamicin concentrations. The degradation rates of gentamicin-loaded (4 mg/g) silk-based rod-like materials were approximately 11.08% at three months in vitro and 9.4% in the animal experiment. The time for complete degradation was predicted from the fitting curve to be approximately 16 months. No inflammatory hyperplasia was observed in bone or soft tissue. The degradation and biocompatibility of the material containing 4 mg/g gentamicin meet clinical application requirements, and previous experimental results demonstrate good antibacterial performance of materials containing this gentamicin concentration.
Mouse ovarian follicle growth in an amniotic membrane-based hydrogel
Authors: Haghshenas Mohammad , Tavana Somayeh , Zand Elnaz , Montazeri Leila , Fathi Rouhollah
Published: April 2022

Three-dimensional cultures of follicles on ECM-based scaffolds can be an approach for women who become infertile after cancer treatments. Human amniotic membrane (HAM) is extensively employed in tissue engineering because of its unique properties. We cultured mouse pre-antral follicles in a hydrogel derived from decellularized amniotic membrane (DAM) combined with alginate (ALG) to improve ovarian follicle culture. HAM was decellularized. Quantitative (nuclear contents, collagen, glycosaminoglycan [GAG]) and qualitative (DAPI, H&E, Masson’s trichrome, Alcian blue, scanning electron microscopy assessments were performed. Then, we created an amniotic membrane-based hydrogel (AMBH) and conducted AMBH characterization assays (rheology, MTS, degradation rate). Isolated mouse pre-antral follicles were cultured in 15 mg/mL AMBH (AMBH15), 30 mg/mL AMBH (AMBH30), or 45 mg/mL AMBH (AMBH45). ALG hydrogel was the control group. Follicular diameters, estradiol hormone secretion rate, follicular morphology, and the follicle antral and degeneration rate were examined. Quantitative and qualitative assays indicated successful decellularization. AMBH characterization assays showed that the ALG hydrogel had more appropriate gelation and slower degradation than AMBH. There was a statistically higher antral follicle formation rate in the AMBH45 group ( p < .05) compared to the AMBH30 and AMBH15 groups and less ( p < .05) degenerated follicles. There was no significant difference with the ALG group. Diameter and estradiol hormone secretion in the AMBH45 group were not significantly higher than the ALG group. Although decellularization was confirmed and the viscoelastic parameters of AMBH support follicle culture, there was no significant effect on ovarian follicle maturation compared to the ALG control group.
The Association Between Case Volume and Case Processing Times in New York City
Authors: Wolff Kevin T. , Lu Olive , Chauhan Preeti , Leventhal Jonathan
Published: April 2022

Past research has highlighted a number of case- and court-level characteristics that may be associated with differences in case processing time, yet other factors remain relatively unexplored. Drawing on an extensive case-level data set of misdemeanor and felony cases resolved in New York City’s court system, the current study contributes to our knowledge of case processing time by examining the association between the relative volume of arraignments (at the borough level) and case processing time. The analysis employs standard regression techniques to assess the relationship between case volume and case processing time while controlling for a number of individual- and case-level characteristics. Results suggest the relative volume of cases coming into the court system is positively associated with case processing time, net of several relevant case-level characteristics. These findings contribute to the small and inconsistent findings reported in prior work. Implications of these findings for future research and criminal justice policy are discussed.
Employment Opportunities for Applicants with Cybercrime Records: A Field Experiment
Authors: Peelen Anuschka A. E. , van de Weijer Steve G. A. , van den Berg Chantal J. W. , Leukfeldt Eric Rutger
Published: April 2022

Various studies have shown that convicted offenders often face difficulties in finding employment. These studies, however, only examined traditional types of crime and little is known about the job opportunities of convicted cybercrime offenders. Therefore, this study examines the influences of being convicted for a cybercrime on labour market chances in the IT sector in the Netherlands. An experiment was conducted in which fictitious job applications were sent to existing job openings between March and June 2021 ( N = 300), varying for type of crime (cybercrime, property crime, no offence) and ethnic background (Dutch or Turkish). In order to test the hypotheses, logistic regression analyses were carried out to test whether differences in responses were significant. No significant differences in positive responses were found between cybercrime offenders and non-offenders, implying that cybercrime offenders do not have less labour market opportunities. Moreover, significant differences were found between Dutch and Turkish applicants. The results of this study indicate that results from previous studies on job opportunities of traditional offenders are not generalisable to cybercrime offenders. Possibly, a cybercrime record gives a positive signal of IT-skills that are useful for employees, while a criminal record for a property crime is associated with negative characteristics.
Synthesis and properties of polyarylene ether nitrile random copolymer containing naphthalene and biphenyl structure
Authors: Zhu Ying , Tong Lifen , Liu Xiaobo
Published: April 2022

A novel series of polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) random copolymers with a higher Tg and better mechanical and electrical properties were synthesized through nucleophilic substitution polycondensation. In the means of adjusting mole ratio of 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl (BP) to 2,7-naphthalenediol (ND), the performance of PEN random copolymer could be controlled. The FTIR, SEM, DSC, TGA, AR, intrinsic viscosity, and electrical and mechanical properties were performed on the samples. All the samples exhibited excellent thermal performance with Tg over 210°C, Td5% over 520°C, and heat conduction higher than 0.4 W/m·k. The PEN copolymers when the molar ratio of ND was 15% had the best comprehensive performances, whose Tg was 215°C, Td5% was up to 554.31°C, thermal conductivity was 0.4430 W/m·k, tensile strength was 113.27 MPa, and stable dielectric constant (at frequency from 103 Hz to 106 Hz) was lower than 4. As a result, this PEN copolymer obtained in this paper could provide practical value and possibility in further application in the filed including machine manufacture industry, electronic materials, and automotive industry.
Spacecraft attitude control and vibration suppression using magnetically suspended control & sensitive gyroscope and radial basis function network adaptive sliding mode control
Authors: Li Lei , Ren Yuan , Chen Xiaocen , Wang Weijie
Published: April 2022

For the sake of improving the agility and super-static performance of spacecraft under external disturbances, this paper puts forward an idea for using pyramid configuration of the Magnetically Suspended Control & Sensitive Gyroscope to realize dual control of attitude maneuver and vibration suppression of spacecraft. The RBF neural network is used to reduce the chattering in sliding mode control through adaptively learning the non-linear part of the system. A band-pass filter is designed to divide the attitude deviation signal fed back by the sensors into high-frequency and low-frequency parts. The control laws of gyro gimbal and magnetic suspension rotor are designed, respectively, to realize the attitude maneuver and vibration suppression simultaneously. The adaptive laws of parameters avoid the saturation of rotor deflection angle while speeding up the attitude maneuver process of spacecraft. Compared with the traditional sliding mode control methods, the proposed one not only improves the accuracy and speed of attitude control but also improves the robustness of the spacecraft attitude control and vibration suppression system. Semi-physical simulation results show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Wind power harvester based on an aerodynamic double pendulum
Authors: Selyutskiy Yury , Dosaev Marat , Holub Andrei , Ceccarelli Marco
Published: April 2022

Dynamics of an aerodynamic double pendulum coupled with a linear generator is considered. A cubic nonlinear spiral spring is installed in the first joint of the pendulum. Numerical simulation of the behavior of the pendulum is performed. It is shown that it is possible to choose parameters in such a way as to ensure the instability of the equilibrium and the existence of limit cycle oscillations. Such oscillations are required for the system to be capable of wind power harvesting. The influence of characteristics of the joint spring upon the amplitude and frequency of the cycles is analyzed. In particular, it is shown that the amplitude non-monotonically depends on the parameter characterizing the cubic nonlinearity of the stiffness. In the same time, frequency monotonically increases as this parameter increases. The influence of the system parameters upon the output power is estimated.
A spatial grid point compensation method for a one-translational two-rotational power head
Authors: Ni Yanbing , Lu Chenghao , Zhou Haiyang , Zhang Ling , Lu Wenliang , Wen Yang
Published: April 2022

Positioning accuracy is an important index used to indicate the accuracy of the moving parts in a machine tool under the control of CNC system. In order to improve positioning accuracy, error compensation is needed. Existing error compensation methods include model compensation and non-model compensation. However, due to the simplification of the error mapping model, some error parameters cannot be mapped to the model, so only part of the error parameters can be modified, and the compensation result is not ideal. In the present work, based on the thinking method of finite element, a non-model compensation method is used to compensate for the geometric error of a one-translational two-rotational (1T2R) power head (which is independently developed by Tianjin University). First, the pose error prediction model will be established, and the error of any point in the workspace can be predicted. The input correction method is then proposed to compensate for the pose error. Finally, both the proposed error prediction model and error compensation method are verified by simulation and experiment, and the results show that the proposed method can reduce the error of this 1T2R power head.
Unsteady ferrohydrodynamic flow and heat transfer over a rotating and vertical moving disc embedded in a porous medium with entropy generation
Authors: Bhandari Anupam
Published: April 2022

On the unsteady flow over a rotating and vertically moving disc, the synchronous effects of magnetic polarization force, medium permeability, and vertical upward movement of the disc are investigated. The velocity distribution and heat transfer enhancement are influenced by magnetic polarization force, medium permeability, Eckert number, and disc overheating. The magnetization force, on the other hand, has a substantial impact on the system’s entropy generating rate. For varied ranges of disc movement expansion/contraction parameter, ferromagnetic interaction number, medium permeability parameter, and Prandtl number, the stress and local heat transfer rate on the disc are quantitatively shown. The local heat transfer rate is enhanced by a higher range medium permeability parameter and ferromagnetic interaction number.
Comparative analysis on magnetohydrodynamic flow of non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid over a stretching cylinder: Entropy generation
Authors: Vijatha M. , Reddy P. Bala Anki
Published: April 2022

This research examines the MHD boundary layer phenomenon of Casson and Williamson hybrid nanofluids on a stretching cylindrical surface. In this model we have taken Ethylene Glycol ( EG 50%) and Water ([Formula: see text] 50%) as the base fluid and [Formula: see text] as the nanoparticles. There are various theoretical models available presently for illustrating the thermal transfer impact of non-Newtonian liquid flows over a cylinder. Additionally, External magnetic forces are ideal for addressing the fluid's physical properties and controlling the sort of heat and momentum transfer in the system. Taking this into perspective, we investigate the heat transport behaviour of two distinct non-Newtonian MHD fluids when a cylinder is stretched with heat generation, using a new heat flux theory developed by Christov–Cattaneo to explain the heat transport behaviour. The basic PDEs are turned into ODEs by using the correct similarity transformations. The 4th order Runge–Kutta shooting system is used to solve these ODEs. Homotopy perturbation method (HPM) for the nonlinear system is developed for the comparison purpose and more accurate and reliable outcomes is illustrated through graphs and tables. It is observed that the fluid velocity reduces for the higher values of M. Higher values of the heat generation parameter improve the temperature profile. Nusselt number diminishes when developing Brinkman and Eckert number. Thermal relaxation effectively augments the Bejan factor in the flow of Williamson fluid more than it does in the flow of Casson fluid. This type of theoretical study may be used to improve the performance of solar collectors, solar water heating, solar energy, domestic baseboard heaters, industrial heat exchangers and so on.
The incremental sheet forming; technology, modeling and formability: A brief review
Authors: Ben Said Lotfi
Published: April 2022

The constant need to improve manufacturing processes and production methods, with the aim of making these processes more flexible and precise, and subsequently solving problems of conformity, quality of manufactured parts and productivity, drives manufacturers to develop original manufacturing techniques. The incremental sheet metal forming process, one of these novel techniques, has attracted a great deal of attention in recent decades. This paper presents a review of recent work done in this area and captures ideas for future work based on studies conducted by several researchers. A review of advanced investigations considering the following terms of interest: process, tools, formability, modeling and simulation is developed. Overall, it can be said that ISF process still requires further research to exploit the fabrication of new materials such as novel nanocomposites and Functionally graded materials (FGM). Test the performance of 4- and 5-axis CNC machines to manufacture industrial parts. Finally, apply new hybrid technics at the aim to improve the geometric accuracy, formability and the productivity of ISF process.
The impacts of synthesized Ag doped ZnO nano-materials on the energy efficiency of the refrigeration system
Authors: Akkaya Mustafa , Yurtdaş Semih
Published: April 2022

Nanofluids are used to increase thermal performance in various applications of heat transfer. In the present study, to increase the performance of the cooling system, nanolubricant prepared with zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver (Ag) doped ZnO nanoparticles were used. ZnO and Ag/ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized via precipitation and co-precipitation methods, respectively. The effects of Ag particles added to ZnO nanoparticles at the rate of 5% on thermal performance were investigated. XRD and SEM examinations of the synthesized nanoparticles were made in detail and their suitability was determined. Nanolubricants were prepared by mixing 0.5% and 1.0% (wt./wt.) ZnO or Ag/ZnO and 0.5% (wt./wt.) Tween 80 (T80). The coefficient of performance (COP) values maximum increased by 18.20% and 23.68%, respectively, in the use of mineral oil with added 1.0% ZnO and 1.0% Ag/ZnO nanoparticles in the nanolubricants. In the cooling system, the compressor work decreased by 18.71% using the nanolubricant prepared with Ag-doped ZnO hybrid nanoparticles at a 1.0% mass fraction.
Numerical prediction of the effect of free surface vortex air-entrainment on sediment erosion in a pump
Authors: Song Xijie , Wang Zhengwei
Published: April 2022

Sediment erosion through synergetic effects between free surface vortex (FSV) and particle erosion in silt-laden flow seriously affects the safe operations of pump. The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of free surface vortex entrainment on the erosion inner the pump impeller, aimed at the FSV and sediment erosion in sediment laden flow in a pump station of Yellow River, a new Eulerian-Lagrange approach was applied to simulate the sediment-laden flow by combining the Lagrange particle tracking approach and Volume of Fluid (VOF) method, followed by the application of Tabakoff model to estimate the erosion. Volume of fluid method was used to simulate the continuous flow FSV, and Lagrange method the particle trajectory. The theoretical model and filed results on site were used to verify the reliability of the proposed approach. Free surface vortex on particle motion and microscopic interactions between air and erosion were reviewed and discussed. Combined with the theoretical analysis and calculation results, the particle impact angle in the impeller was analyzed, and the erosion types were defined. Air entrainment by FSV does not directly erode the impeller components, but mainly changes the position, the local velocity and the concentration of the particles, which aggravates the sediment erosion in the impeller. Interestingly, air entrainment can reduce the surface erosion at some instantaneous moments. The present work may provide important engineering insights to resolve the erosion.
The impact of CuO nanoparticles as fuel additives in biodiesel-blend fuelled diesel engine: A review
Authors: Bitire Sarah Oluwabunmi , Nwanna Emeka Charles , Jen Tien-Chien
Published: April 2022

The utilization of fossil fuels like diesel has contributed immensely to ecological challenges such as the emission of greenhouse gasses. Hence, the motivation for sourcing another energy that is renewable as well as easily accessible from relatively cheap materials. Biodiesel is a perfect replacement for petro-diesel because it is biodegradable, economically viable, and has lower toxicity. However, there are challenges associated (poor engine efficiency) with its utilization in engines. It also raises NOx emissions which necessitates frequent engine component replacement owing to clogging, and it is ineffective in cold weather. To boost efficiency, nanoparticles can be combined with biodiesel blends. Moreover, the utilization of nanoparticle additives improves the performance of engines, rate of heat transfer, fuel mixture balance, thermo-physical characteristics, as well as the reduction in exhaust emissions. Copper oxide which is a transition metal oxide aids in the heat transfer from the engine down to the exhaust thus lowering the emissions of NOx. As a result, CuO nanoparticles are thought to have a lot of potential as a diesel engine additive and therefore, this review study was conducted to deduce the various techniques for generating CuO nano-fuels, the preparation methods, as well as their physicochemical features. Furthermore, the combustion behaviour, performance, and emission characteristics of diesel engines powered by CuO nanoparticle-containing biodiesel and blends were carefully investigated.
Victor Abraham Goldman (1903–1993) a pioneer of dental anaesthesia
Authors: Wilkinson David John
Published: April 2022

Victor Goldman specialised in dental anaesthesia from an early age. He published his research all over the world and demonstrated how safety could be improved and how important monitoring of the anaesthetised patient should be. He made films, wrote books, created courses, and invented a myriad of apparatus to improve the speciality and to show trainees how dental anaesthesia should be performed. He was outspoken in his views and although well respected by his peers he did not receive many tangible accolades until the twilight of his career. His passing was hardly recorded, and his name is largely forgotten. He deserves wider recognition for his broad depth of contribution to his speciality.
Book review: Slavoj Žižek, Pan(dem)ic! Covid 19 Shakes the World
Authors: Raj Sneha S.
Published: April 2022

Slavoj Žižek, Pan(dem)ic! Covid 19 Shakes the World. New York and London: OR Books, 2020, 146 pp., $15 (hardback). ISBN: 978-1-68219-301-3.
The Predictive Validity of Consensual and Unique Facets of Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness in Five Personality Inventories
Authors: Khoo Shereen , Stasik-O’Brien Sara M. , Ellickson-Larew Stephanie , Stanton Kasey , Clark Lee Anna , Watson David
Published: April 2022

Consensual facet structures help to unify a highly fractured personality literature, but mask information obtained from unique personality facets assessed by individual personality inventories. The current study identifies the consensual and unique facets of neuroticism, conscientiousness, and agreeableness based on analyses of five widely used personality inventories (Disinhibition Inventory-I [DIS-I], Faceted Inventory for the Five-Factor model [FI-FFM], HEXACO Personality Inventory—Revised [HEXACO-PI-R], NEO Personality Inventory-3 [NEO-PI-3], and Temperament and Affectivity Inventory [TAI]) in a community sample ( N = 440). Factor analyses revealed that neuroticism consisted of three consensual facets (distress/depression, anger, and sentimental anxiety) and four unique facets (shyness, regret/self-doubt, lassitude, and distractibility); conscientiousness consisted solely of four consensual facets (achievement striving, order, attentiveness, and responsibility); and agreeableness consisted solely of four consensual facets (prosociality, anger, venturesomeness, and trust). Regression analyses indicated that unique neuroticism facets predicted significant incremental variance across a range of psychological disorders. These results have significant implications for how neuroticism, conscientiousness, and agreeableness should be modeled at the lower order level in psychopathology research.
Free and forced nonlinear vibrations of Bi-Directional functionally graded Euler–Bernoulli porous beams
Authors: Sari Ma’en S , Al-Dahidi Sameer , Hammad Bashar
Published: April 2022

In this study, the free and forced vibrations of a bi-directional functionally graded porous beam are investigated. The governing equations of motion are derived by Hamilton’s principle, and the reduced temporal equation of motion with cubic and quintic nonlinear terms is obtained using the Galerkin approach. Analytical solutions for the nonlinear natural frequencies in addition to the primary resonance response curves are established by the method of multiple scales. The effects of the axial and transverse functionally graded indexes, initial amplitude, porosity parameter, and the elastic and mass density ratios on the nonlinear frequencies and the forced responses are examined.
Online Open Budget: The Effects of Budget Transparency on Budget Efficiency
Authors: Jung Hoyong
Published: April 2022

The government budget should be operated efficiently and democratically to promote economic development and social welfare. This article investigates the claim that budget transparency can improve budget efficiency. Based on the 2017 introduction of the online open budget system in South Korea as an example, the difference-in-difference examination reveals that budget transparency reduces the size of the unused budget, an indicator of budget inefficiency. A battery of robustness tests supports this result. Moreover, improving budget efficiency has a more significant effect when budget projects are at the risk of agency problems. Our findings suggest that budget transparency through the online open budget system can enhance budget efficiency by encouraging the public's participation and alleviating the principal-agent problem.
Arteriovenous fistula creation with VasQTM device: A feasibility study to reveal hemodynamic implications
Authors: Bozzetto Michela , Soliveri Luca , Poloni Sofia , Brambilla Paolo , Curtò Diego , Condemi Giuseppina Carmela , Cefalì Pietro , Spina Irene , Villa Alessandro , Caroli Anna , Remuzzi Andrea
Published: April 2022

Background:

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access (VA) for hemodialysis, but it is still affected by high non-maturation and early failure rates due to stenosis development. Increasing evidence suggests that the presence of turbulent-like flow may play a key role, therefore, to stabilize the flow in the venous segment, an external support device (VasQTM) has been designed. The aim of this study was to provide preliminary evidence of VasQTM impact on AVF hemodynamics as compared to AVFs created with conventional surgery.

Methods:

In this pilot single-center prospective randomized study six patients were enrolled, three in the VasQ group and three in the control group. Contrast-free magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were acquired at 3 days, 3 months and 1 year after AVF surgery and were used to generate 3D patient-specific models. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations were performed using pimpleFoam, imposing patient-specific flow waveforms derived from ultrasound (US) examinations at the inlet of the proximal and distal artery, and a traction-free condition at the venous outflow. Morphologic and hemodynamic changes occurring over time were compared between VasQ and control AVFs.

Results:

Our MRI protocol provided high-quality images suitable for reliable segmentation and reconstruction of patient-specific 3D models of AVFs at all three timepoints in four out of six patients. The VasQTM device maintained the angle between the artery and the vein almost unchanged over time, with a more stable flow in the AVFs supported by the device. In contrast, one of the AVFs of the control group evolved to an extreme dilatation of the vein and highly disturbed flow, while the other developed a stenosis in the juxta-anastomotic region.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated the feasibility of characterizing the morphological and hemodynamic changes occurring over time in AVFs created using the VasQTM device and provided preliminary evidence of the potential hemodynamic benefits of its use.
Household Water Treatment Practice and Associated Factors in Rural Households of Sodo Zuria District, Southern Ethiopia: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Admasie Amha , Abera Kefelegn , Feleke Fentaw Wassie
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

In Ethiopia, access to safe drinking water is very low, and even safe water at the point of distribution is subjected to frequent and substantial contamination during collection, transport, and storage. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of household water treatment practices and associated factors in rural households of the Sodo Zuria district, southern Ethiopia.

Methods:

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 836 households using a multistage sampling technique. A structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used.

Results:

The household water treatment practice was 44.1%. Households having a higher estimated monthly income, AOR = 1.5 (1.23, 3.47), older age greater than 45 years, AOR = 1.69 (1.08, 2.64), fetching water twice a day, AOR = 2.8 (1.21, 9.17), weekly washing of the water storage container, AOR = 0.3 (0.11, 0.83), and using the dipping technique to draw water from the collection jar, AOR = 1.67 (1.14, 2.42) were significant factors in the practice of household water treatment in the study.

Conclusions:

The household water treatment practice was low. Higher estimated monthly income, older household heads, fetching water twice per day, washing the water storage container weekly, and dipping techniques to draw water from water storage containers were significant factors of household water treatment practices. Thus, proper hygiene of water storage, and engaging the community in income-generating activities were recommended.
Expression and Prognostic Significance of c-Myc, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, and PD-L1 Among Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Sunpaweravong Patrapim , Thongwatchara Patcharaporn , Chotipanvithayakul Rassamee , Sangkhathat Surasak , Thongsuksai Paramee
Published: April 2022

Background:

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, for which better knowledge in molecular prognostic factors is needed to improve clinical outcome. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of c-Myc, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, and PD-L1 in NSCLC patients.

Methods:

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens were obtained from 124 NSCLC patients. Of these, 66 matched specimens of normal respiratory epithelial and tumor tissue from patients with stages I-III, who underwent surgical resection, and 58 NSCLC specimens from stage IV patients were recruited into this analysis. Immunohistochemistry staining along with semiquantitative criteria were used to evaluate the expression of the interested proteins.

Results:

Of the 66 patients with stages I-III, positive expression of c-Myc was detected in 12 specimens (18.2%) of NSCLC tissue, whereas none of the normal respiratory epithelial tissue was found to have c-Myc expression ( P < .001). Of the 66 NSCLC patients, 28 (43.8%) had PD-L1-positive staining on 1%-49% tumor cells and 7 (10.9%) patients expressed PD-L1 in ⩾50% tumor cells. One (2.3%) adenocarcinoma patient was found to have ROS1 rearrangement. Patients with no expression of c-Myc and PD-L1 (co-negative expression) tended to have a better prognosis than other subgroups.

Conclusions:

NSCLC tissue significantly expressed more c-Myc and PD-L1, compared with the matched normal respiratory epithelium, emphasizing the important role of these key drivers in tumorigenesis. Therapeutic approach to precisely inhibit the targetable molecular pathways should be considered on an individual patient basis to improve survival outcome.
“A meeting of equals”: Music educators and special education paraprofessionals in a community of practice
Authors: Grimsby Rachel
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this instrumental case study was to observe music educators and special education paraprofessionals (SEPs) in a learning community that examined their perceptions and necessary practices needed to teach music to students with disabilities. The primary question of this study was: How may a community of practice (CoP) offer collaboration and instructional support for music educators and SEPs? Participants found the collaborative nature of the group to be the most beneficial. While instructional practices were moderately impacted, participants’ perceptions of their colleagues were changed. Participants also discovered similarities between their positions and shared concerns over systemic issues in education which impacted their positions within their school communities.