bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative transcriptome analysis of synthetic and common wheat in response to salt stress
Authors: Nakayama Rio , Safi Mohammad Taheb , Ahmadzai Waisuddin , Sato Kazuhiro , Kawaura Kanako
Published: July 2022

Salt stress reduces wheat yield. Therefore, improvement for enhanced salt stress tolerance is necessary for stable production. To understand the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in common wheat and synthetic hexaploid (SH) wheat, RNA sequencing was performed on the roots of three wheat lines salt-tolerant SH wheat, salt-tolerant common wheat, and salt-sensitive common wheat. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to salt stress were characterized using gene ontology enrichment analysis. Salt tolerance in common wheat has been suggested to be mainly regulated by the activation of transporters. In contrast, salt tolerance in SH wheat is enhanced through up-regulation of the reactive oxygen species signaling pathway, other unknown pathways, and different ERF transcription factors. These results indicate that salt tolerance is differentially controlled between common wheat and SH wheat. Furthermore, QTL analysis was performed using the F2 population derived from SH and salt-sensitive wheat. No statistically significant QTL was detected, suggesting that numerous QTLs with negligible contributions are involved in salt tolerance in SH wheat. We also identified DEGs specific to each line near one probable QTL. These findings show that SH wheat possesses salt tolerance mechanisms lacking in common wheat and may be potential breeding material for salt tolerance.
The combined effects of Map3k1 mutation and dioxin on differentiation of keratinocytes derived from mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Xiao Bo , Kimura Eiki , Mongan Maureen , Xia Ying
Published: July 2022

Epithelial development starts with stem cell commitment to ectoderm followed by differentiation to the basal keratinocytes. The basal keratinocytes, first committed in embryogenesis, constitute the basal layer of the epidermis. They have robust proliferation and differentiation potential and are responsible for epidermal expansion, maintenance and regeneration. We generated basal epithelial cells in vitro through differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Early on in differentiation, the expression of stem cell markers, Oct4 and Nanog, decreased sharply along with increased ectoderm marker keratin (Krt) 18. Later on, Krt 18 expression was subdued when cells displayed basal keratinocyte characteristics, including regular polygonal shape, adherent and tight junctions and Krt 14 expression. These cells additionally expressed abundant Sca-1, Krt15 and p63, suggesting epidermal progenitor characteristics. Using Map3k1 mutant mESCs and environmental dioxin, we examined the gene and environment effects on differentiation. Neither Map3k1 mutation nor dioxin altered mESC differentiation to ectoderm and basal keratinocytes, but they, individually and in combination, potentiated Krt 1 expression and basal to spinous differentiation. Similar gene-environment effects were observed in vivo where dioxin exposure increased Krt 1 more substantially in the epithelium of Map3k1+/- than wild type embryos. Thus, the in vitro model of epithelial differentiation can be used to investigate the effects of genetic and environmental factors on epidermal development.
Study on deterioration mechanism of soil in Zhouqiao site under salinization
Authors: Yue Jianwei , Gao Huijie , Zhao Limin , Kong Qingmei , Xu Xiangchun , Wang Zifa , Chen Ying
Published: July 2022

Alkalinity production is one of the most typical and widespread salinization hazards on the Loess Plateau. Based on the characterization of typical flooding sites and the results of salt monitoring, this study investigates the deterioration mechanism of salinization on Zhouqiao site. The orthogonal test was used to simulate the effects of different concentrations of MgSO4, NaCl and CaCl2 under natural conditions on the quality change, salt analysis out location, surface phenomenon, strength and electrical conductivity of the soil at the Zhouqiao site, and to make a preliminary analysis on the mechanism of saline deterioration of the site soil. The results show that the soil column mass increased significantly under the action of salt, and the rate of salt absorption in the soil column decreased when the critical value was reached, and the critical values were different under the action of different kinds of salts. The rate of salt analysis is also influenced by the salt concentration and the number of cycles, which gradually increases with the increase of salt concentration and the number of cycles. The nominal strength of the soil column with the number of cycles, but occasionally increases. The conductivity increases with the number of cycles, and the magnitude distribution of the conductivity of the soil column under the action of different salts is not exactly the same.
Synchronous intracellular delivery of EGFR-targeted antibody–drug conjugates by p38-mediated non-canonical endocytosis
Authors: Takahashi Jun-ichiro , Nakamura Shiori , Onuma Iimi , Zhou Yue , Yokoyama Satoru , Sakurai Hiroaki
Published: July 2022

Monoclonal antibodies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), including cetuximab and panitumumab, have been used in clinic settings to treat cancer. They have also recently been applied to antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs); however, their clinical efficacy is limited by several issues, including lower internalization efficiency. The binding of cetuximab to the extracellular domain of EGFR suppresses ligand-induced events; therefore, we focus on ligand-independent non-canonical EGFR endocytosis for the delivery of ADCs into cells. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) strongly induces the endocytosis of the cetuximab-EGFR complex within 15 min via the p38 phosphorylation of EGFR in a tyrosine kinase-independent manner. A secondary antibody conjugated with saporin, a ribosome-inactivating protein, also undergoes internalization with the complex and enhances its anti-proliferative activity. Anti-cancer agents, including cisplatin and temozolomide, also induce the p38-mediated internalization. The results of the present study demonstrate that synchronous non-canonical EGFR endocytosis may be a feasible strategy for promoting the therapeutic efficacy of EGFR-targeting ADCs in clinical settings.
Microwaves reduce water refractive index
Authors: Asakuma Yusuke , Maeda Tomoisa , Takai Takahiro , Hyde Anita , Phan Chi , Ito Shinya , Taue Shuji
Published: July 2022

Microwaves, long used as a convenient household appliance, have been increasingly used in industrial processes such as organic synthesis and oil processing. It has been proposed that microwaves can enhance these chemical processes via a non-thermal effect. Here we report the instantaneous effect of microwaves on the permittivity and phase velocity of light in water through the in-situ measurement of changes in refractive index. Microwave irradiation was found to reduce the water refractive index (RI) sharply. The reduction increased as a function of microwave power to a far greater extent than expected from the change in temperature. The phase velocity of light in water increases up to ~ 5% (RI of 1.27) during microwave irradiation. Upon stopping irradiation, the return to the equilibrium RI was delayed by up to 30 min. Our measurement shows that microwaves have a profound non-thermal and long-lasting effect on the properties of water. Further investigation is planned to verify if the observed RI reduction is restricted to the region near the surface or deep inside water bulk. The observation suggests a relationship between microwave-induced and the enhanced aqueous reactions.
Re-do Operation Using a Robotic System due to Locoregional Recurrence after Initial Thyroidectomy for Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Kim Dong Gyu , Kim Kwangsoon , Lee Ji-Eun , Ho Joon , Kim Jin Kyong , Kang Sang-Wook , Lee Jandee , Jeong Jong Ju , Nam Kee-Hyun , Chung Woong Youn
Published: July 2022

Locoregional recurrent thyroid cancer is commonly treated with re-do operation. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using robotic system for re-do operation in locoregional recurrent thyroid cancer. Sixty-five patients who underwent re-do robotic operation using trans-axillary approach for locoregional recurrent thyroid cancer from October 2007 to April 2021 at Yonsei University Hospital were analyzed. Completion total thyroidectomy (CTT) was performed in 26 cases, CTT and modified radical neck node dissection (mRND) in 16, and mRND in 23. Most of the re-do robotic operations were performed at site of previous incision. All patients were diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). CTT with central compartment neck dissection (CCND) took 117.6 ± 26.3 min, CTT with mRND 255.6 ± 38.6 min, and mRND, 211.7 ± 52.9 min. Transient hypocalcemia occurred in 17 (26.2%) patients and permanent hypocalcemia occurred in 3 (4.6%). There was one case of recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN) injury. One patient was diagnosed with structural recurrence after re-do robotic operation. Median follow-up duration was 50.7 ± 37.1 months. Re-do robotic operation can be an alternative for patients who are diagnosed with locoregional recurrent thyroid cancer after thyroidectomy, with no increase in morbidity, similar oncologic outcomes, and superior cosmetic satisfaction.
Theoretical stiffness limits of 4D printed self-folding metamaterials
Authors: van Manen Teunis , Dehabadi Vahid Moosabeiki , Saldívar Mauricio Cruz , Mirzaali Mohammad J. , Zadpoor Amir A.
Published: July 2022

4D printing of flat sheets that self-fold into architected 3D structures is a powerful origami-inspired approach for the fabrication of multi-functional devices and metamaterials. However, the opposite stiffness requirements for the folding process and the subsequent loadbearing of 3D structures impose an intrinsic limitation in designing self-folding metamaterials: while a low stiffness is required for the successful completion of the self-folding step, a high stiffness is needed for utilizing the folded structure as a load-bearing mechanical metamaterial. Here, we present a nonlinear analytical model of self-folding bilayer constructs composed of an active and passive layer. This finite-deformation theoretical model predicts the curvature of activated bilayers, establishes their stability limits, and estimates the stiffness of folded bilayers, yielding the theoretical stiffness limits of self-folding bilayers. We use our model to identify the optimal combinations of geometrical and mechanical properties that result in the highest possible stiffness of folded constructs. We then compare the predictions of our analytical model with computational results, and validate our theory with experimental realizations of 4D printed structures. Finally, we evaluate the theoretical stiffness limits of bilayer constructs made using the most common types of stimuli-responsive materials. Our analysis shows that a maximum effective modulus of ≈ 1.5 GPa can be achieved using the currently available shape-memory polymers.
Microkinetic modeling for heterogeneous catalysis: methods and illustrative applications
Authors: Tian Huijie , Rangarajan Srinivas
Published: July 2022

This chapter provides a detailed description of how to build the so-called mean-field microkinetic models, proposed and popularized by Dumesic and coworkers, using inputs from density functional theory (DFT) and various types of experimental data. In particular, using illustrative examples, the chapter deals with (1) formulating thermodynamically consistent ordinary differential equation (ODE) based microkinetic models, (2) modern approaches to solving these ODEs, (3) estimation of parameters through optimization and Bayesian inference, and (4) local and global degree of rate control measures. We end with an illustrative example of building a microkinetic model of the water gas shift reaction on Cu(111).
Noble metals and bimetallics supported on silica: an approach toward creating small metal particles
Authors: Soled Stuart L. , Kliewer Chris E.
Published: July 2022

Wide use of silica supports in industrial catalysis applications is somewhat limited by the difficulty to obtain well dispersed supported metals. This chapter documents how a method that adds bifunctional water-soluble organic dispersion aids, specifically certain amino alcohols or amino acids, to an aqueous impregnating solution provides a facile route to create uniformly spaced metals with a narrow size distribution (1 to 2 nm diameter). Three step decomposition patterns are common for all the impregnated complexes. In cases where there are mobile oxide phases of the metals (e.g. Ru or Ir), the partial oxidation of the impregnate can be stopped before full oxidation of the organic and the residual complex can be removed by hydrogenolysis to create small particles and avoid formation of mobile oxide phases. We describe in detail systems of supported Ru, Ir, Rh and Pt prepared this way as well as the six bimetallic combinations. In addition to the six bimetallics we also detail an extended solid solution series of a Pt–Pd bimetallic with all the members having similar particle sizes. In that case, we can clearly show how under reducing conditions the surface is enriched in Pd. The studies involve thermal analyses, chemisorption and transmission electron microscopy probes with some catalytic data on hydrogenolysis and hydrogenation model reactions.
Synthesis of conjugated dienes via palladium-catalysed aerobic dehydrogenation of unsaturated acids and amides
Authors: Keerthana Meledath Sudhakaran , Jeganmohan Masilamani
Published: July 2022

A novel methodology for Pd(ii)-catalyzed direct aerobic dehydrogenation of γ,δ-olefinic acids and amides to obtain conjugated dienamides and dienoic acids in good to excellent yields has been demonstrated.
Theoretical investigation on the reaction mechanism of UTP cyclohydrolase
Authors: Ouyang Qingwen , Pang Yunjie , Yuan Chang , Tan Hongwei , Li Xichen , Chen Guangju
Published: July 2022

Between the two hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by UrcA, the reaction intermediate experiences conformation overturn with the assistance from Tyr307.
Thermally controlled growth of photoactive FAPbI3 films for highly stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Sánchez Sandy , Cacovich Stefania , Vidon Guillaume , Guillemoles Jean-François , Eickemeyer Felix , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Schawe Jürgen E. K. , Löffler Jörg F. , Cayron Cyril , Schouwink Pascal , Graetzel Michael
Published: July 2022

In this work, we elucidate the relationship between heating-rate and FAPbI3 perovskite phase transformation, bringing a new relationship with crystal growth parameters. Thus, we manufactured highly stable perovskite solar cells with a 640 ms IR pulse.
To be or not to be degraded: in defense of persistence assessment of chemicals
Authors: Schäffer Andreas , Fenner Kathrin , Wang Zhanyun , Scheringer Martin
Published: July 2022

Characterizing the degradation behavior of chemicals in the environment is a key component of chemical hazard and risk assessment.
Engineered zinc oxide-based nanotherapeutics boost systemic antibacterial efficacy against phloem-restricted diseases
Authors: Soliman Mikhael , Lee Briana , Ozcan Ali , Rawal Takat B. , Young Mikaeel , Mendis Hajeewaka C. , Rajasekaran Parthiban , Washington Torus , Pingali Sai Venkatesh , O'Neill Hugh , Gesquiere Andre , De La Fuente Leonardo , Petridis Loukas , Johnson Evan , Graham James , Santra Swadeshmukul , Tetard Laurene
Published: July 2022

Defect engineering at the surface of zinc oxide sub-5 nm nanoparticles provides a systemic nanotherapeutic with significant field efficacy against citrus HLB disease.
Bee bread attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis by activating Nrf2/Keap1 and modulating TNF-α/NF-κβ-associated mast cell migration and a mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway in the obese rat model
Authors: Othman Zaidatul Akmal , Zakaria Zaida , Suleiman Joseph Bagi , Che Jalil Nur Asyilla , Wan Ghazali Wan Syaheedah , Mohamed Mahaneem
Published: July 2022

This study explores the anti-atherosclerotic effects of bee bread in the context of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis phenomena in an obesity animal model, and its vitamin composition.
Multi-stage explosion of lignin: a new horizon for constructing defect-rich carbon towards advanced lithium ion storage
Authors: Wang Caiwei , Yang Dongjie , Huang Si , Qin Yanlin , Zhang Wenli , Qiu Xueqing
Published: July 2022

A novel strategy of multi-stage explosion through CaC2O4 decomposition was designed to prepare defect-rich popcorn-like lignin-derived mesoporous carbon cages with 2D/3D structures and interconnected mesoporosity for advanced lithium ion storage.
Quantum interference dependence on molecular configurations for cross-conjugated systems in single-molecule junctions
Authors: Hurtado-Gallego Juan , Davidson Ross , Grace Iain M. , Rincón-García Laura , Batsanov Andrei S. , Bryce Martin R. , Lambert Colin J. , Agraït Nicolás
Published: July 2022

Interactions between electrodes and pendant groups in cross-conjugated systems destroy destructive quantum interference resulting in an increase of G and a decrease of S.
Engineering the biosynthesis of fungal nonribosomal peptides
Authors: Zhang Liwen , Wang Chen , Chen Kang , Zhong Weimao , Xu Yuquan , Molnár István
Published: July 2022

Fungal nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) and the related polyketide–nonribosomal peptide hybrid products (PK–NRPs) are a prolific source of bioactive compounds, some of which have been developed into essential drugs.
Structure, electrical properties, and conduction mechanism of new germanate mixed Zn-doped In2Ge2O7 conductors
Authors: Zeng Xiaoling , Li Xiaohui , Xu Jungu , Wang Xiaoge , Deng Sihao , He Lunhua , Sun Junliang , Kuang Xiaojun , Xing Xianran
Published: July 2022

A new germanate mixed electronic and oxide ionic conductor In1.8Zn0.2Ge2O6.9 was developed, which exhibits two-dimensional anisotropic transport nature by oxygen exchange between adjacent Ge2O7 units, with a conductivity of 1.62 × 10–2 S cm−1 at 1000 °C.
Ionic liquid-immobilized silica gel as a new sorbent for solid-phase extraction of heavy metal ions in water samples
Authors: Nguyen The Thai , Duy Nguyen Tu-Hoai , Thi Huynh Tam Thanh , Dinh Dang Minh-Huy , Thuy Nguyen Linh Ho , Le Hoang Doan Tan , Nguyen Thinh Phuc , Nguyen Mai Anh , Tran Phuong Hoang
Published: July 2022

Novel C18-alkylimidazolium ionic liquid immobilized silica (SiO2–(CH2)3–Im–C18) was synthesized through a four-step procedure. It showed high efficiency for the separation/preconcentration of trace heavy metal ions from aqueous samples.
A PtPdCoCuNi high-entropy alloy nanocatalyst for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene
Authors: Lu Fagui , Lu Kuan , Zhao Gui , Zhou Song , He Bowen , Zhang Yixiao , Xu Jian , Li Yongwang , Liu Xi , Chen Liwei
Published: July 2022

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) with multiple elements in near-equiatomic proportions hold great promise in heterogeneous catalysis because of their exceptional physicochemical properties governed by synergy.
Biomimetically constructing a hypoxia-activated programmable phototheranostics at the molecular level
Authors: Zhang Hang , Wu Jia-Hui , Xue Hao-Zong , Zhang Ruijing , Yang Zi-Shu , Gao Song , Zhang Jun-Long
Published: July 2022

A programmable strategy at the molecular level to modulate the ratio of a catalyst and photosensitizer to maximize the collaborative efficiency of anti-angiogenesis and PDT.
Phosphorus doping stabilized LiNi0.83Co0.12Mn0.05O2 with enhanced elevated-temperature electrochemical performance for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Xiaoyu , Cheng Fangyuan , Wei Peng , Li Qi , Xu Jia , Li Qing , Xu Yue , Sun Shixiong , Fang Chun , Han Jiantao
Published: July 2022

Phosphorus doping Ni83 exhibits an extraordinary capacity retention of 80.2% after 500 cycles between 2.7 and 4.3 V at 1C under 60 °C.
Adjustable antiperovskite cobalt-based nitrides as efficient electrocatalysts for overall water splitting
Authors: Zhu Lili , Li Changdian , Li Han , Li Hui , Wu Ziqiang , Huang Yanan , Zhu Xuebin , Sun Yuping
Published: July 2022

Co-based antiperovskite nitrides (CuNCo3/NF and CoN0.73Co3/NF) for overall water splitting are designed. An alkaline electrolyzer composed of CuNCo3/NF and CoN0.73Co3/NF has low cell voltage of 1.53 V at 10 mA cm−2 and maintains remarkable stability.
A trifluorothymine interlayer reduces the degradation of perovskite and controls the cracks of hole transport layers
Authors: Ren Yutong , He Lifei , Zhang Bing , Li Tianyu , Yuan Yi , Zhang Jing , Wang Peng
Published: July 2022

The adsorption of amphiphilic trifluorothymine molecules on hybrid perovskite can not only remove some surface traps of carriers, but also markedly reduce the thermal decomposition of perovskite and control the cracks of hole transport layers.
Highly efficient blue emitting one dimensional lead-free nanocrystals
Authors: Duan Jianing , Xi Jun , Jiao Bo , Dai Jinfei , Zu Yanqing , Wu Zhaoxin
Published: July 2022

Cs5Cu3Cl6I2 nanocrystals exhibit a blue light emission with a high PLQY of 73.7%. Multiple self-trapped excitons are proposed to be responsible for the peculiar emission originating from various Cu–Cu interactions on one-dimensional chains.
Highly sensitive broadband photomultiplication type all-polymer photodetectors and their applications in optical pulse counting
Authors: Yang Kaixuan , Zhao Zijin , Liu Ming , Niu Lianbin , Zhao Xingchao , Yuan Guangcai , Ma Xiaoling , Zhang Fujun
Published: July 2022

Broadband photomultiplication type all-polymer photodetectors with the structure of ITO/PFN-Br/PBDB-T : PYF-T-o (3 : 100)/LiF/Au achieve EQEs of 18 000% at 360 nm and 9000% at 850 nm under 4 V, which are applied in an optical pulse counting circuit.
Overall direct photocatalytic water-splitting on C2mm-graphyne: a novel two-dimensional carbon allotrope
Authors: Yang Dong-Chun , Eglitis Roberts I. , Yi Zhi-Jun , Liu Chun-Sheng , Jia Ran
Published: July 2022

DFT calculations predict a novel 2D carbon allotrope (C2mm-graphyne) and imply excellent photocatalytic potentials of its extended systems.
Knowledge engineering–based DApp using blockchain technology for protract medical certificates privacy
Authors: Rupa Chiramdasu , MidhunChakkarvarthy Divya , Patan Rizwan , Prakash Ande Bhanu , Pradeep Ghantasala G. S.
Published: July 2022

In the Industry 4.0 era, an inherited featured technology, blockchain, plays a vital role in knowledge engineering applications. Blockchain provides privacy to sensitive data as an intelligent agent, so its adoption rate increases in all the advanced domains. Especially in the health care department, blockchain technology usage helps avoid attacks like the Wannacry ransomware attack during 2017. Therefore, this paper described a decentralised application (DApp) expert system using public blockchain to create and maintain official health documents, especially medical certificates. Current existing systems, either paper‐based or database or clouds to save the medical certificates, have more scope to do attacks. Hence, proposed a blockchain‐based DApp that acts as an interface between intelligent agents, blockchains, and system related to the medical certificates. The main strength of this paper is implementation results, which are not among the maximum literary works currently available. The associate cost for conducting distributed application operations on the blockchain in terms of Gas comprehensively presented here. Furthermore, it consists of comparing the system's non‐functional functions by considering blockchain and non‐blockchain environments. Also, presented the simulation results with the performance results compared with the existed systems.
Dependent task offloading with energy‐latency tradeoff in mobile edge computing
Authors: Zhang Yanfang , Chen Jian , Zhou Yuchen , Yang Long , He Bingtao , Yang Yijin
Published: July 2022

With the rapid development of Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) and mobile devices, the IoT applications become more computation‐intensive and latency‐sensitive, which bring severe challenges to the resource‐limited devices. Mobile Edge Computing has served as a key promising method to enhance the network's computing capability by enabling resource‐constrained devices to offload tasks to the edge servers. A major challenge, which has been overlooked by most existing works on task offloading, is the dependencies among tasks and subtasks. In this paper, the subtask offloading with logical dependency for IoT applications is focused on. Specifically, subtask dependent graphs are employed to explore the dependency of subtasks and consider the priority of task scheduling. Further, an offloading scheme is put forward for minimizing both task latency and energy consumption of the device with dependency guarantees for all IoT tasks in multi‐server edge networks. Finaly, the simulation results demonstrate that the overall reduction rate is around 14% and relatively stable can
effectively reduce task latency in multi‐server edge networks.
Engineering of optogenetic devices for biomedical applications in mammalian synthetic biology
Authors: Guan Ningzi , Gao Xianyun , Ye Haifeng
Published: July 2022

Gene‐ and cell‐based therapies are the next frontiers in the field of medicine. Both are transformative and innovative therapies; however, a lack of safety data limits the translation of such promising technologies to the clinic. Improving the safety and promoting the clinical translation of these therapies can be achieved by tightly regulating the release and delivery of therapeutic outputs. In recent years, the rapid development of optogenetic technology has provided opportunities to develop precision‐controlled gene‐ and cell‐based therapies, in which light is introduced to precisely and spatiotemporally manipulate the behaviour of genes and cells. This review focuses on the development of optogenetic tools and their applications in biomedicine, including photoactivated genome engineering and phototherapy for diabetes and tumours. The prospects and challenges of optogenetic tools for future clinical applications are also discussed.
Distribution of solids in the rings of the HD 163296 disk: a multiwavelength study
Authors: Guidi G. , Isella A. , Testi L. , Chandler C. J. , Liu H. B. , Schmid H. M. , Rosotti G. , Meng C. , Jennings J. , Williams J. P. , Carpenter J. M. , de Gregorio-Monsalvo I. , Li H. , Liu S. F. , Ortolani S. , Quanz S. P. , Ricci L. , Tazzari M.
Published: July 2022

Context. Observations at millimeter wavelengths of bright protoplanetary disks have shown the ubiquitous presence of structures such as rings and spirals in the continuum emission. The derivation of the underlying properties of the emitting material is nontrivial because of the complex radiative processes involved.

Aims. In this paper we analyze new observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) at high angular resolution corresponding to 5 – 8 au to determine the dust spatial distribution and grain properties in the ringed disk of HD 163296.

Methods. We fit the spectral energy distribution as a function of the radius at five wavelengths from 0.9 to 9 mm, using a simple power law and a physical model based on an analytic description of radiative transfer that includes isothermal scattering. We considered eight dust populations and compared the models' performance using Bayesian evidence.

Results. Our analysis shows that the moderately high optical depth (τ>1) at λ ≤ 1.3 mm in the dust rings artificially lower the millimeter spectral index, which should therefore not be considered as a reliable direct proxy of the dust properties and especially the grain size. We find that the outer disk is composed of small grains on the order of 200 µm with no significant difference between rings at 66 and 100 au and the adjacent gaps, while in the innermost ~30 au, larger grains (≥mm) could be present. We show that the assumptions on the dust composition have a strong impact on the derived surface densities and grain size. In particular, increasing the porosity of the grains to 80% results in a total dust mass about five times higher with respect to grains with 25% porosity. Finally, we find that the derived opacities as a function of frequency deviate from a simple power law and that grains with a lower porosity seem to better reproduce the observations of HD 163296.

Conclusions. While we do not find evidence of differential trapping in the rings of HD 163296, our overall results are consistent with the postulated presence of giant planets affecting the dust temperature structure and surface density, and possibly originating a second-generation dust population of small grains.
The Morozov’s principle applied to data assimilation problems
Authors: Bourgeois Laurent , Dardé Jérémi
Published: July 2022

This paper is focused on the Morozov’s principle applied to an abstract data assimilation framework, with particular attention to three simple examples: the data assimilation problem for the Laplace equation, the Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation and the data assimilation problem for the heat equation. Those ill-posed problems are regularized with the help of a mixed type formulation which is proved to be equivalent to a Tikhonov regularization applied to a well-chosen operator. The main issue is that such operator may not have a dense range, which makes it necessary to extend well-known results related to the Morozov’s choice of the regularization parameter to that unusual situation. The solution which satisfies the Morozov’s principle is computed with the help of the duality in optimization, possibly by forcing the solution to satisfy given a priori constraints. Some numerical results in two dimensions are proposed in the case of the data assimilation problem for the Laplace equation.
Genotypic differences in root traits to design drought-avoiding soybean ideotypes
Authors: Dayoub Elana , Lamichhane Jay Ram , Debaeke Philippe , Maury Pierre
Published: July 2022

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) may contribute to the agro-ecological transition of cropping systems in Europe, but its productivity is severely affected by summer drought. The crop is mainly grown in southern and continental parts of Europe, whereby increasing drought and heat waves are expected in the near future. Agronomic strategies, such as early sowing, require cultivars with enhanced early plant growth traits under suboptimal conditions. Moreover, efficient water uptake by root delays dehydration and promotes drought avoidance. In general, changes in root morphology and root architecture are important pathways for plant adaptation to water stress conditions. This paper reviews the cultivar differences in soybean for root morphological and architectural traits especially during early growth stage. Previous works reported cultivar differences for root traits in soybean but they did not deal with cultivars commonly grown in Europe on which little information is available to date. Genotypic differences in available early-stage root traits can be used as a framework to design soybean ideotypes less vulnerable to drought. To this aim, high-throughput phenotyping supported by digital methods and crop modelling offer new avenues for the exploration of target root traits involved in drought avoidance.
New educational space in New Ukrainian School
Authors: Kravchenko Oksana , Kochubei Tetiana , Shturba Antonina
Published: July 2022

This study reveals the basic principles of creating an effective renewed educational space in the context of education reform in Ukraine and the creation of the New Ukrainian School. Modern educational environment means multifunctional flexible spaces that promote various forms of work, motivate to learn. An important factor in the renewal of the school is the creation of a modern educational space that will motivate the child to learn something new, stimulate different activities, and evoke positive emotions. Civic competence is one of the key skills enshrined in the Education Law in Ukraine. Along with the social, they are linked to the ideas of democracy, justice, equality, human rights, prosperity and healthy lifestyles, with an awareness of equal rights and opportunities. They include cooperation with others to achieve a common goal, activity in class and school life, respect for the rights of others, the ability to resolve conflict situations. One of the tools used by teachers to develop these competencies in primary school is the creation of “Class Rules” – the first “law” in the lives of first-graders. Creating a motivational educational space contributes to the principles of reforming primary and general secondary education and global trends: personality-oriented education, child-centeredness, competence and activity approaches.
Remote study for the humanities and social sciences: digitization and coaching
Authors: Onikienko Inna , Bratchenko Liudmyla , Mintii Iryna , Chaika Oksana
Published: July 2022

The article analyzes research on remote study in the areas of the humanities and social sciences, which strongly links to formation of key competences by means of digital technologies and coaching. The results of the survey are analysed and presented according to the feedback of students on the emotional and value attitude to remote study associated with the humanities and social sciences, which specify both the advantages and disadvantages of this form in education. The article suggests considering a number of initiatives for remote study in the mentioned connection and strongly encourages their implementation in higher education. The experience of structural distribution of remote study is described, in which the research findings reveal that digital technologies and communication with and between students and teachers in a coaching format enable classes to achieve a significant increase in the social and entrepreneurship competences. It is also proposed to look at feasibility and prospect development of a remote study strategy at Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University and the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, in particular. The development plan includes three-factor support for active learning: assessment support, emotional support and information support. The recommendations accompany the development introduction of such digital and coaching competences for students.
The ICHOM Standard Set for Pregnancy and Childbirth – Translation and Linguistic Adaptation for Germany
Authors: Hartmann Claudia , Rose Matthias , Weichert Alexander , Weißhaupt Karen
Published: July 2022

Introduction The gathering of health and quality-of-life issues that matter most to patients over so-called patient-reported outcomes (PROs) is a key aspect of patient-centered
healthcare. In obstetrics, this approach has the potential to expand the current understanding of what quality entails by including patient perspectives. The International Consortium for
Health Outcome Measures (ICHOM), founded in 2012, is a global organization which aims to standardise the collection of PROs and make the results comparable worldwide. A PRO Set for
obstetrics, “Pregnancy and Childbirth”, was published in 2018. The aim of our work was to translate the instruments of this set that are not yet available in German into German.

Methods The instruments were translated from English into German using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) translation method. The translated instruments
consisted of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale – Short Form (BSES-SF), the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS), and the Birth Satisfaction Scale – Revised (BSS-R) as well as a number
of individual questions (items).

Results The final version of the German translations were found to be easily comprehensible by the target group. During the cognitive debriefing, it became clear that pregnant women
and women who had just given birth often used a number of medically incorrect terms to refer to their symptoms or complaints. In the translations great care was taken to ensure that the
wording was as close as possible to the general usage of the language while at the same time the terminology was medically correct. To achieve a precise but comprehensible translation, the
response structure of the BSES-SF also had to be adapted.

Conclusions The instruments of the ICHOM Standard Set “Pregnancy and Childbirth”, which were not previously available in German, were successfully translated into German. This meant
dealing with a few challenges such as adapting questions or response structures. The cultural and linguistic comprehensibility of the German translations were confirmed during the subsequent
cognitive debriefing. The translations offer the possibility of implementing the complete ICHOM Set for Pregnancy and Childbirth. This would provide an opportunity to expand the existing
understanding of quality by including the subjective experience of women during and after childbirth and, in future, to compare outcomes with those of other hospitals across the world.
Stimulieren, justieren, regulieren
Authors: Brun Richard
Published: July 2022

Mikronährstoffe modulieren den zellulären Stoffwechsel – und damit meist auch die Intensität und Richtung der Immunantwort. Viele neuere Studien weisen im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Zufuhrempfehlungen einen höheren Bedarf aus und geben auch außerhalb therapeutischer Interventionen Anlass zu einer routinemäßigen, moderaten Supplementierung. Zu den immunstimulierenden Mikronährstoffen zählen insbesondere Vitamin C, D, Zink, Selen und Eisen.
Die besondere Rolle des Vitamin D
Authors: Tartsch Jens , von Baehr Volker
Published: July 2022

Vitamin D wird vornehmlich nicht über die Nahrung aufgenommen, sondern durch Sonneneinstrahlung durch den Organismus gebildet. Parodontitis ist eine lokale Problematik, aber auch ein systemischer Entzündungsherd, wodurch ein Zusammenhang zu verschiedenen Erkrankungen besteht. Vitamin D kann bei Parodontitis über verschiedene Wege hilfreich sein, insbesondere über antiinflammatorische und antibakterielle Vorgänge.
Practical Aspects of novel MRI Techniques in Neuroradiology: Part 2 – Acceleration Methods and Implications for Individual Regions
Authors: Sundermann Benedikt , Billebaut Benoit , Bauer Jochen , Iacoban Catalin George , Alykova Olga , Schülke Christoph , Gerdes Maike , Kugel Harald , Neduvakkattu Sojan , Bösenberg Holger , Mathys Christian
Published: July 2022

Background Recently introduced MRI techniques facilitate accelerated examinations or increased resolution with the same duration. Further techniques offer homogeneous image quality in regions with anatomical transitions. The question arises whether and how these techniques can be adopted for routine diagnostic imaging.

Methods Narrative review with an educational focus based on current literature research and practical experiences of different professions involved (physicians, MRI technologists/radiographers, physics/biomedical engineering). Different hardware manufacturers are considered.

Results and Conclusions Compressed sensing and simultaneous multi-slice imaging are novel acceleration techniques with different yet complimentary applications. They do not suffer from classical signal-to-noise-ratio penalties. Combining 3 D and acceleration techniques facilitates new broader examination protocols, particularly for clinical brain imaging. In further regions of the nervous systems mainly specific applications appear to benefit from recent technological improvements.

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Citation Format
Pump it up?!
Authors: Schierl Dominik , Kellerer Jan Daniel
Published: July 2022

Die intermittierende pneumatische Kompression an den unteren Extremitäten hält als thromboseprophylaktische Maßnahme vermehrt Einzug in die medizinisch-pflegerische Patientenversorgung. Damit dies als Thromboseprophylaxe zielführend und wirksam ist, sind unterschiedliche (begleit-)therapeutische Aspekte und Indikationen zu beachten. In diesem Artikel werden diese auf Grundlage aktueller Studienergebnisse vorgestellt.
Trends in the Prevalence and Postoperative Surgical Complications for Smokers Who Underwent a Total Knee Arthroplasty from 2011 to 2019: An Analysis of 406,553 Patients
Authors: Simmons Hannah L. , Grits Dan , Orr Melissa , Murray Trevor , Klika Alison K. , Piuzzi Nicolas S.
Published: July 2022

Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for complications following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). It is unclear if the declining prevalence of tobacco use in the U.S. population is reflected in patients undergoing elective TKA. This study aims to investigate (1) the incidence of 30-day complications following TKA in smokers and (2) trends in preoperative smoking status among TKA patients. In this study, patients undergoing primary elective TKA in the United States from 2011 to 2019 were identified in the American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. Our cohort included 406,553 cases, 8.13% of which had smoked cigarettes within 1 year of undergoing TKA. Smokers were propensity score-matched to a group of nonsmokers, with each n = 32,533. The incidences of 30-day complications, readmission, and non-home discharge were compared between groups. The rate of preoperative smoking among elective primary TKA patients remained stagnant from 2011 to 2019. Smokers had higher rates of superficial surgical site infections (SSIs; 1.1 vs. 0.5%, p < 0.001), deep SSI (0.3 vs. 0.2%, p = 0.012), wound disruption (0.4 vs. 0.2%, p < 0.001), pneumonia (0.5 vs. 0.3%, p < 0.001), and 30-day readmission (3.6 vs. 2.7%, p < 0.001) compared with nonsmokers. No significant trends in 30-day complications were noted between 2011 and 2019. This study supports the success of national efforts to reduce the prevalence of smoking and reports a modest effect within the TKA population. However, almost 1 in 10 patients undergoing elective TKA continues to smoke and maintains a higher risk of postoperative complications.
UK’s withdrawal from Justice and Home Affairs: a historical institutionalist analysis of policy trajectories
Authors: Wolff Sarah , Piquet Agathe , Carrapico Helena
Published: July 2022

Contrary to the idea that ‘Brexit means Brexit’, the article demonstrates that, in spite of leaving the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice, the UK is not automatically seeking to distance itself from the EU’s activities and approaches to these policy fields. Using the concepts of disengagement, continued engagement and re-engagement and drawing from historical institutionalism, the article further clarifies that present and future trajectories of UK positions in respect of the EU action are conditioned by a path dependence created by the evolution of UK opt-ins and opt-outs in this field, by the politicisation of the Brexit negotiations in the context of the UK–EU relations and by domestic UK politics. We explore this argument across three policy areas: (1) police and judicial cooperation, (2) immigration, borders and asylum, and (3) cybersecurity.
Impact of technical reasoning and theory of mind on cumulative technological culture: insights from a model of micro-societies
Authors: Bluet Alexandre , Osiurak François , Claidière Nicolas , Reynaud Emanuelle
Published: July 2022

Our technologies have never ceased to evolve, allowing our lineage to expand its habitat all over the Earth, and even to explore space. This phenomenon, called cumulative technological culture (CTC), has been studied extensively, notably using mathematical and computational models. However, the cognitive capacities needed for the emergence and maintenance of CTC remain largely unknown. In the literature, the focus is put on the distinctive ability of humans to imitate, with an emphasis on our unique social skills underlying it, namely theory of mind (ToM). A recent alternative view, called the technical-reasoning hypothesis, proposes that our unique ability to understand the physical world (i.e., technical reasoning; TR) might also play a critical role in CTC. Here, we propose a simple model, based on the micro-society paradigm, that integrates these two hypotheses. The model is composed of a simple environment with only one technology that is transmitted between generations of individuals. These individuals have two cognitive skills: ToM and TR, and can learn in different social-learning conditions to improve the technology. The results of the model show that TR can support both the transmission of information and the modification of the technology, and that ToM is not necessary for the emergence of CTC although it allows a faster growth rate.
Passive sensors localize ships without geoacoustic information
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: July 2022

Observations of the acoustic field at various depths, paired with knowledge of the index of refraction, characterize the modes radiated by ships.
Rapid ultrasensitive bacteria detection using microelectrode sensors
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: July 2022

Nanostructured microelectrodes provide extremely high sensitivity for bacteria detection without compromising on speed.
Comparison of wind turbine blade structural models of different levels of complexity against experimental data
Authors: Forcier Louis-Charles , Joncas Simon
Published: July 2022

As the design process of a wind turbine blade is highly iterative, one needs to perform the same calculations several times. During that process, the kind of structural model that should be used must be chosen carefully, trying to obtain a good compromise between precision and model setup and computational time. This paper compares four different blade structural models having different levels of complexity. These models are compared to each other and also with experimental results with respect to their abilities to analyze blade cross-sectional properties, natural frequencies, deflection, strains, buckling strength, and composite strength. This comparison shows that even if the 3D shell finite element model is the more precise and is the only one that can manage the regions of the blade where the cross-sectional shape changes quickly, the strength of material based models gives accurate results. Even the simpler model, based on blade shape simplification, gives conservative and accurate results at a very low computational cost.
Continuous film spin–orbit torque characterization via four probe measurement
Authors: Poh H. Y. , Ang C. C. I. , Jin T. L. , Tan F. N. , Lim G. J. , Wu S. , Poh F. , Lew W. S.
Published: July 2022

Spin–orbit torque (SOT) characterization techniques generally require the Hall cross that generally demands lithography resources and time. It is highly desirable to characterize SOT efficiencies with minimal sample processing time. Here, we demonstrate a lithography-free technique to determine the spin–orbit torque efficiency in a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy ferromagnetic heterostructure. By utilizing a customized four-point probe in a rhombus geometry, harmonic Hall measurement was performed on continuous films of a Pt/Co/Ti structure to characterize the spin–orbit torque efficiency. A correction factor, which is due to the non-uniform current distribution across the continuous film, was experimentally evaluated by taking the ratio of the measured damping-like field of the continuous film to that of a fabricated Hall device. Additionally, this correction factor is analytically derived and experimentally shown to be determined by the configuration of the probes and is independent of the structure material. Our measurement reveals that by performing a single calibration process for the particular set of probes, the same correction factor was validated on a second ferromagnetic heterostructure, Ti/Pt/Co/Ta; hence, it can be applied to other SOT films' stack measurements. Our four-probe harmonic Hall technique provides an alternative and swift way for SOT investigations by eliminating multiple lithography processes necessary in conventional approaches.