bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Walled City of Lahore Authority: The Royal Trail Heritage Project
Authors: Waheed Zehra , Khan Noor Us Sabah
Published: October 2023

This case is designed for MBA and undergraduate courses, aiming to emphasize the importance of stakeholder management in projects and familiarize participants with effective stakeholder management tools. The scenario revolves around a project involving community revitalization and historic preservation located in Lahore, Pakistan, known as the ‘City of Gardens’. The project area includes significant historical landmarks and charming, close-knit residential neighbourhoods where interconnected communities have lived for generations.

The case unfolds through the perspective of Kamran Lashari, the protagonist, who inherits a challenging project burdened by a history of unsuccessful and possibly unmotivated predecessors. This project is facing a multitude of issues, spanning technical and managerial aspects. Its success is critical not only for its own sake but also because it sets the precedent for a series of ambitious community revitalization projects planned within the City of Gardens. Failure here could jeopardize future projects, strain relations with donors and permanently alienate the local community.

The local community has harboured scepticism towards such endeavours, given their prior experiences with half-hearted attempts that brought inconvenience without any lasting benefits. These past efforts have left a bitter taste, making the community wary of new initiatives. Additionally, the project relies heavily on its partnership with the Aga Khan Trust for Culture, which provides invaluable technical support without substantial financial compensation. However, in Kamran Lashari’s inherited situation, this crucial partnership appears to be in shambles.

In the classroom setting, students are encouraged to delve into a systematic analysis of the project’s extensive array of stakeholders, each with their own unique interests. This case provides an ideal backdrop for examining various stakeholder analysis frameworks, including the Warees Framework, Donaldson and Preston’s (1995) theory distinguishing between influencers and stakeholders based on power, legitimacy and urgency, as well as the power-support matrix. These frameworks offer valuable tools for dissecting and understanding the complex web of relationships and interests involved in this high-stakes project.
Practice Changes of Health Care Practitioners: Posttraining Impact of an Interprofessional Education Program
Authors: Cohen Elaine V. , González Manny J. , Luce Virge , González-Ramos Gladys
Published: October 2023

This qualitative study examined practice changes of health care practitioners 6 months after attending a multiday continuing professional development program. Practitioners in nine professions were trained in Parkinson’s disease treatment and interprofessional team practice. Thematic analysis of practitioners’ narrative responses identified themes and subthemes of changes in work with patients/families and interprofessional teams. The analysis distinguished knowledge, attitude, and behavior changes. A range of clinically meaningful practice changes, the majority at behavior levels, emerged from a diverse sample. Patient-centered approaches increased, as did interprofessional teamwork, collaboration and movement toward more coordinated, integrated care. Future research should include verifying observational data and assess longer posttraining time periods.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of First Step Next for Preschoolers with Social-Emotional Needs
Authors: Frey Andy J. , Small Jason W. , Zhang Bixi , Bates Samantha , Kuklinski Margaret R. , Walker Hill M. , Feil Edward G.
Published: October 2023

Purpose: Few cost-effectiveness studies have been conducted on social-emotional interventions for students in preschool settings. The current study is a cost-effectiveness analysis of the First Step Next (FSN) intervention for preschool students. Method: Our approach involved a secondary analysis of a randomized control trial that utilized the ingredients method to estimate costs (Levin & McEwan, 2001). In addition, effect sizes were used to generate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios representing the cost of improving student outcomes by one standard deviation (1 SD). Results: FSN was more cost-effective for improving behavior in the school setting than in the home setting, with an average cost per 1 SD improvement of $3,833 and $6,329, respectively. Additionally, the intervention had greater cost-effectiveness for social skill-related outcomes than problem behavior-related outcomes among preschool students. Discussion: This study advances our understanding of the costs and outcomes of practices designed to improve the school success of our youngest learners.
Buccal Fat Pad in Primary and Secondary Cleft Palate Repair: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Romero-Narvaez Carolina , Lin Lawrence O. , Kirschner Richard E.
Published: October 2023

Objective

To review the evidence supporting the use of buccal fat pad (BFP) in primary and secondary cleft palate repair and its short- and long- term clinical outcomes.

Design

Systematic review conducted by 2 independent reviewers following PRISMA guidelines.

Setting: None Participants

Articles were identified from three databases (Pubmed/Medline, Embase and Web of Science). Search terms included “cleft palate”, “palatoplasty”, “palate repair”, “buccal fat pad”.

Interventions

Use of BFP in primary and secondary cleft palatoplasty.

Main Outcome Measures

Primary outcomes were immediate postoperative complications, postoperative fistula, and maxillary growth. Secondary outcomes were palatal length, speech, and donor site morbidity.

Results

Ninety-one reports were retrieved after excluding duplicates. Twenty-three studies were included (13 case series and 10 comparative studies). Overall level of evidence was low. Randomized and non-randomized studies had a high risk of bias. In primary palatoplasty, BFP was more frequently used filling lateral relaxing incisions(57.4%), or in the hard-soft palate junction and covering mucosal defects(30.1%). In these patients, post operative fistula incidence was 2.8%. Two studies found wider transverse maxillary dimensions after BFP use. No higher incidence of bleeding, infection, dehiscence, or flap necrosis was reported. In secondary palatoplasty, no recurrent fistulas were reported for patients undergoing BFP for fistula repair.

Conclusions

BFP appears to be associated with a favorable impact in fistula prevention and management, as well as in transverse maxillary growth. However, there is a high heterogeneity among studies, high risk of bias and overall low quality of evidence. More high-quality research with long-term follow-up is warranted.
Biphenotypic Sinonasal Sarcoma With High-Grade Features: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Verma Anuj , Seethala Raja R , Wang He
Published: October 2023

Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma (BSNS) is a rare neoplasm of the sinonasal tract. These tumors show neural and myogenic differentiation and are characterized by PAX3 translocations. The immunophenotypic features reflect their dual differentiation. They are low-grade sarcomas that show monomorphic spindle cells in sheets, fascicles, and herringbone patterns and are positive for S100 and smooth muscle actin. These tumors are common in elderly female patients and have a locally aggressive course. High-grade presentation or transformation was not documented until recently. Total 3 BSNSs have now been documented in the literature and we report a fourth tumor with high-grade transformation 8 years after the initial presentation. We identify the morphologic and immunohistochemical features of the high-grade areas and we highlight the stark differences with the low-grade areas based on literature and our specimen. We also discuss the diagnostic challenges that may come up with such a presentation.
Parametric study on a resilient hybrid steel-shape memory alloy yielding damper
Authors: Haghy Mahsa , Tajmir Riahi Hossein , Ferdosi Ehsan
Published: October 2023

A critical factor obstructing structural resilience is residual deformation after a damaging event. The search for a solution for removing residual deformation has led to the consideration of Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) that can undergo large deformations and return to their original undeformed shape. This study focuses on an innovative hybrid yielding steel-SMA damper that uses monofilament wire loops. Because of numerous design parameters that affect the performance of this hybrid damper, this research aims to carry out a parametric study to optimize the damper’s performance. The study was conducted at the device level as well as a structural level. At the device level, the key design parameters, including SMA to steel ratio, max imposed strain, and the length of the elements, were evaluated. At the same time, the damper’s effect on the seismic performance of low, mid, and high-rise structures was investigated at the structural-level study. In the end, the results showed that using the damper in strong ground motions successfully reduced the maximum residual drift up to 71%, 97%, and 92% for low, mid, and high-rise structures, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that the damper could add the self-centering ability to hysteretic dampers while maintaining satisfactory energy dissipation performance. Furthermore, some of the advantages claimed by the developers, including versatility in design and performance, adequate load resistance, and stable behavior, were also confirmed in this study.
How Women Leaders’ Identities Coexist Through Public and Private Identity Endorsements
Authors: Byrne Alyson E. , Chadwick Ingrid C.
Published: October 2023

The development of a leader identity is considered essential for leadership success. Underlying this identity work is the belief that the social identity of being a leader is positive—something that leaders both privately endorse and want publicly conferred by others. However, this process is complex for women leaders who are simultaneously navigating the identity work of being women in male-dominated leadership positions. We conducted a qualitative investigation of women in senior leadership roles to examine how they construct a leader identity by managing private and public endorsements of both a leader and a female identity. Our results indicate that women leaders engage in leader and gender identity work whereby they actively manage how they privately self-endorse and publicly allow others to endorse their leader and female identities using identity hybridization. In so doing, they mix and recombine elements of both their leader and gender identities to construct a coherent female leader identity. Doing so allows them to benefit from the complementarity of these identities, while mitigating the risks associated with publicly and privately endorsing these two identities in tandem. This approach to identity hybridization allows women leaders to maintain a sense of agency, effectiveness, and authenticity in the face of identity tensions.
Curing kinetics study of chemically modified pineapple leaf fiber/epoxy composite
Authors: Shih Yeng-Fong , Ou Ting-Yuan , Chen Zheng-Ting , Chang Chun-Wei , Lau Edwin M.
Published: October 2023

Agricultural by-products have long hinder farmers, and subsequently, the food supply chain. Making use of their natural by-products will both reduce waste and increase industrial production. In particular, pineapple leaf fibers (PALF) can be extensively studied. Here, the curing kinetics of chemically modified PALF/epoxy resin crosslinked by an anhydride hardener was investigated by non-isothermal and isothermal methods with the differential scanning calorimetry technique. In this study, the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods, as well as Kamal's model, were employed to analyze the curing behavior of epoxy in non-isothermal and isothermal processes, respectively. The highest activation energies for pure epoxy and PALF/epoxy composite calculated differ when using the methods. Additionally, a decreasing trend in the activation energy values during the late stages of epoxy curing was observed. The results from Kamal's model indicate that the k1 values of the PALF/epoxy composite are only greater than those of pure epoxy at 100°C and 110°C. However, all the k2 values of PALF/epoxy are greater than those of pure epoxy. Additionally, the m value of the PALF/epoxy composite is lower than that of pure epoxy only at 100°C, while the n and m+n values of the PALF/epoxy composite are all greater than those of pure epoxy. Moreover, the results reveal that the Cure Index of the PALF/epoxy composite was larger than ΔH* and smaller than ΔT*. With PALF, it was found that the epoxy resin’s curing rate was increased and the activation energy was reduced. Meanwhile, the degree of crosslinks was less than that of the virgin resin. It is speculated that the hydroxyl groups on the plant fibers and the amine groups on the coupling agent-modified fibers can promote the cross-linking reaction. However, the curing reaction of the composite is affected by steric obstacles and high viscosity resulting from the addition of PALFs.
Optimization of safflower oil-based polyester biocomposite reinforced with diatomite: An response surface methodology approach and assessment of artificial neural network findings
Authors: Dağ Mustafa
Published: October 2023

In this investigation, the examination revolves around the characterization of diatomite-enhanced modified safflower oil (MSO)-derived polyester biocomposites. The primary objective is to explore the feasibility of these biocomposites as a substitute for petrochemical-based unsaturated polyester (UP) materials, with the overarching goal of enhancing their economic sustainability. Experimental data analysis employed Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), uncovering the optimal composition for the polyester biocomposite to be 6.7 wt.% MSO and 4.5 wt.% diatomite. During the RSM analysis, it was noted that the response parameters exhibited quadratic p-values, specifically, for density ( p < .0001), thermal conductivity ( p < .0001), and Shore D hardness ( p < .0003). However, higher ratios of MSO lead to decreased hardness and increased curing time. SEM images reveal a detrimental impact on the surface morphology of the polyester biocomposite when the diatomite content reaches 8 wt.%. Additionally, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) offer valuable insights into the chemical bond structure and thermal behavior of the biocomposite, respectively. The Cure Index (CI) value for the diatomite-enhanced composite was determined to be 0.925, indicating a favorable contribution to the polyester curing process. The study finds that diatomite contributes to a linear change in the thermal conductivity coefficient, making the biocomposite suitable for use in the insulation industry. Overall, the study suggests that diatomite reinforced MSO-based polyester biocomposites have the potential as an alternative to petrochemical unsaturated polyester.
Delay to Surgical Treatment in Geriatric Hip Fracture Patients
Authors: Joseph Elias G. , Serotte Jordan , Haider Mohammad N. , Pavlesen Sonja , Anders Mark
Published: October 2023

Background

Hip fractures in the geriatric population are frequently encountered. There is increasing focus on minimizing the delay to surgery in these patients. This study was designed to evaluate factors responsible for a delay to surgery in a geriatric hip fracture population and how time to surgery affects mortality.

Methods

A retrospective cohort of patients sustaining low energy geriatric hip fractures in either an American College of Surgeons (ACS) verified Level 1 trauma center or a local university affiliated community teaching hospital were reviewed. The following variables were evaluated as independent risk factors for delay to surgery: demographic data, surgical details, use of cardiology resources, treatment center, and comorbidities. As a secondary objective, the effect of time to surgery on 1 year mortality was analyzed.

Results

1157 patients met inclusion criteria. The following factors increased the risk of delay to surgery greater than 48 hours: male sex, treatment in a community hospital (versus trauma center), older age, multiple comorbidities (eg, cardiovascular-related conditions or other fractures), cardiology consultation, and an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score of 3 or 4. Cardiology consultation was the strongest independent predictor of risk for delay to surgery of >48 hours (odds ratio, 6.68; 95% confidence interval, 4.40 to 10.14; P < .001). The 1-year mortality of patients did not differ when surgical treatment occurred before 48 hours or after 48 hours (Log-rank test P = .109).

Conclusion

The presence of cardiovascular comorbidities and cardiology consultations can delay surgical treatments for hip fractures in patients greater than 65 years old, but the delay did not influence 1-year all-cause mortality.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Characterizing Organizational Sustainability in Catholic Schools: A Cross-National Study Applying Text Mining
Authors: Gutierrez-Rivera Esneider , Escobar-Sierra Manuela , Polanco Jorge-Andrés
Published: October 2023

Previous studies have suggested the importance of sustainability in all organizations; however, their application to schools as an organization is limited. This study aims to characterize sustainability in primary and secondary catholic schools. The theoretical framework is based on the theories of resources, capabilities and stakeholders because they relate most directly to organizational sustainability. The method consists of three interrelated parts. First, a bibliometric analysis with four clusters was obtained in the first model of understanding (1.0). The second stage consisted of a content analysis, which elicited meanings by screening2,710 records and deepening 200 research studies with the model (2.0). Then, in the third stage, an exploratory analysis was carried out through interviews with a group of Latin American education experts who manage almost 300,000 students in Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Brazil, and Chile; the data were analyzed using the text mining technique with discourse analysis. The results validated five categories: Management, Campus Operation, Well-being, Education for Sustainable Development, and Associativity. This study concluded that associativity in these Catholic organizations is fundamental to guaranteeing their sustainability over time and that the wellbeing category implies social and political transformation processes. Therefore, it is proposed for future research to measure these categories and systematize them as a model of sustainability management in the school as a whole and as a strategy for managing sustainability processes in the whole school.
Using a Systems Engineering Approach to Study Processing Errors in Cytology Testing at a Cancer Clinic
Authors: Dowers Kylie , Jurewicz Katherina A.
Published: October 2023

Cancer patients are a high-risk population and often undergo strenuous testing. One type of testing is cytology testing, which is less invasive and simpler to attain than a traditional biopsy. However, there can be errors in the cytology testing process that can lead to a loss of results, thus a delay in treatment or retesting. The purpose of this work is to utilize a systems engineering approach to understand cytology testing ordering process and identify where errors may occur. The Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) framework was utilized to make visual process maps with the use of SEIPS 101 tooling methods. The use of SEIPS 101 tools showed the relationships between the components of a work system. Handoff points, where information is at risk of being lost, were identified. Future work can look at the implementation of solutions to gather data on the quality improvement measures.
Human-AI Teaming in the Automotive and Mobility Industry: Guiding Design to Support Joint Activity
Authors: Kannally Connor T. , Smith Joan R. , IJtsma Martijn
Published: October 2023

AI technologies hold the potential to improve safety, efficiency, and user experience in automotive and mobility applications, yet to make them useful tools they need to effectively team with humans. Based on field research and experiences on how people coordinate, descriptive models of joint activity propose requirements for effective coordination that can inform the design of cooperative competencies of AI technologies in this domain. Yet, the usefulness of joint activity constructs for design is not only determined by their theoretical validity but also by their practical ability to influence designers. To enable the broader adoption of joint activity constructs, our study aims to characterize the context of design in the automotive industry and develop design guidance to support joint activity. We present our ongoing work to evaluate the ability of these constructs to inform design and to understand their fit within the context of design in the automotive industry.
Applicability of the Assessment Tool for Unstructured and Unregulated Work to Assessing Office Ergonomics
Authors: Acquah Augustine A. , Akuffo Twumwaah A. , Yeboah Nana A. N. , Acquah Elizabeth Q. , D’Souza Clive , Martin Bernard
Published: October 2023

The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) continues to increase among office workers. Appropriate and easy quantification of the predisposing factors are essential in developing and implementing interventions to prevent WMSD in this population. This requires the use of assessment methods that provide elaborate estimation of workers’ exposure to identified risk factors rather than an abridged sample of their work routine. This study tests with five bank tellers the Ergonomic Assessment tool for Unstructured and unregulated Work (EAUW) originally developed to provide duration and frequency estimations of risk factors in informal, non-routine work. The goal of this case study is to demonstrate the EAUW’s usefulness and applicability in office ergonomics assessment. The results indicate that the principles governing the EAUW (real time coding of risk factors) are applicable to office work assessment and promises to provide detailed estimation of risk factors when compared to existing job analysis tools.
Method for Generating Expert Derived Confidence Scores
Authors: Fallon Corey K. , Yin Tianzhixi
Published: October 2023

This paper describes a methodology for developing a new confidence metric to improve power grid operator reliance on ML event classifiers. Unlike traditional confidence scores that are generated by the ML, this confidence metric is generated by humans who have spent time studying the performance boundaries of the ML classifier. We refer to this metric as an Expert Derived Confidence (EDC) score. As an initial test of our methodology four participants (3 Subject Matter Experts, 1 Novice) learned the boundaries of an ML’s performance by studying a subset of events in the ML’s training data. Next, the participants rated their confidence in the ML’s ability to classify similar events. The researchers found that all participants’ EDC scores were correlated with the ML’s own uncertainty quantification score and on average EDC scores showed greater confidence in the ML’s ability to correctly classify events when compared to the ML’s own confidence scores. In addition, averaging EDC scores across all participants was the strongest predictor of model performance and predicted performance even after controlling for the ML’s own confidence.
Event-Related Cerebral Hemodynamic Assessment of Vigilance: Evidence in Favor of a More Temporally Precise Analysis
Authors: Azubike Chidera O. , Greenlee Eric T.
Published: October 2023

Transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) is a neuroergonomic measure used in research on vigilance tasks. The current study focused on eventrelated analysis of TCD data, a relatively novel analytical approach that has previously been used to reveal that brain activity increases briefly when an individual detects a critical, target stimulus. Although research suggests that this detection-related response is sensitive to fatigue and demand effects associated with vigilance, future use and interpretation of event-related TCD analyses is complicated by interstudy variability in the time course and magnitude of the detection-related response. One possibility is that previous methods may have been too temporally coarse (4-second averages), so the current study reanalyzed data from one previous event-related study – this time using narrower 2-second averages. Results indicated that 2-second averages provided more precise depiction of the detection-related response than 4-second averages. We recommend use of 2-second averages for future eventrelated CBFV research.
Effect of Machine Learning Cross-validation Algorithms Considering Human Participants and Time-series: Application on Biometric Data Obtained from a Virtual Reality Experiment
Authors: Palma Fraga Ricardo , Kang Ziho , Axthelm Clare M.
Published: October 2023

Data containing human participants and time-series features, as is commonplace in Human Factors research, require special considerations when used in machine learning applications. Ignoring such features during cross-validation procedures might lead to artificially increased model performances due to temporal (i.e. using future observations to predict the present) and participant (i.e using sub-data sets coming from the same participant for training and testing) data leakage. We propose a comparison approach to assess the model performance when machine learning algorithms are trained with two distinctly different cross-validation algorithms: k-fold, which assumes data independence, and population-informed forward chain (PIFC), which accounts for human participants and time-series features. A case study was conducted by using biometric measurements collected from a virtual reality chess experiment. The results show that substantial overestimation might occur when applying the k-fold algorithm instead of the PIFC algorithm.
Empowering Independence: A Scoping Review on Innovations in Smart Home Technology for People with Motor Disabilities
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Luo Yue , Huang Gaojian
Published: October 2023

Individuals with disabilities, particularly those with motor impairments, comprise a significant portion of the global population. smart home technologies have become a viable tool for improving their living conditions and promoting independence. This paper systematically synthesizes recent research on smart home technologies that enhance the living conditions of people with mobility impairments. Among the 27 studies reviewed, individuals with various mobility disabilities benefited from smart home technology, and independent living became more feasible. However, some limitations still exist, including the efficiency and convenience of wearable equipment, system sophistication, and generalization to a wider range of use. The findings of this study may inform the design of next-generation smart home technology for universal users.
LifeCycle Transparency: Why, and How, Transparency Information Exchange Should be Distributed throughout the Life of Technology Usage
Authors: Miller Christopher , Barber Daniel , Holder Eric , Huang Lixiao , Lyons Joseph , Roth Emilie , Wauck Helen
Published: October 2023

Transparency in automation and AI systems is the ability for the operator to know or see the agent’s working processes to be able to more accurately trust them. The problem is that automation frequently exists to offload an otherwise overly busy human operator. Requiring that operator to process, understand, and evaluate “transparency information” on the automation’s processing in the moment of execution is likely to be too big a task. This panel will explore the need, opportunity, methods and benefits stemming from spreading the transfer of “transparency information exchange” throughout the lifecycle of human–autonomy interaction, thereby taking advantage of best practices in training, pre-mission planning, explanation, and post-mission debriefing, after action reviews and even learning and initial design across organizational stakeholders to reduce the need and resources required to transfer transparency information “in the moment” in frequently high tempo periods of execution.
Investigating User Photo Privacy Settings on Instagram
Authors: Garcia Katherine R. , Quesnel Alexa , Li Na , Chen Jing
Published: October 2023

Photo sharing has become increasingly easy with the rise of social media. Social networking sites (SNSs), such as Instagram and Facebook, are well known for their image-sharing capabilities. However, this brings the concern of photo privacy, such as who may see the images of a user who is included in a post. Photo privacy settings offer detailed and more secure ways to share a user’s photos, however, this would require SNS users to understand these settings. To better grasp users’ understanding of photo privacy settings, we conducted a structured interview with Instagram users. We found that users were aware of the majority of the privacy settings asked about and that they accurately perceived their photo privacy safety based on their knowledge of photo privacy settings.
Training for High-Stakes Domains
Authors: Ernst Katherine , Winner Jennifer , Goldberg Benjamin , Cheng Tabitha , Plaza-Verdiun Maritza , Borders Joseph , Militello Laura
Published: October 2023

This panel brings together a diverse set of experts to discuss training for high-stakes domains such as emergency medicine, law enforcement, combat medicine, and others. Work in these domains typically involves managing uncertainty, time pressure, and often life and death risk. These high-stakes domains are often leaders in simulation-based training, creating virtual environments and seeking the right types of fidelity to prepare personnel to develop the perceptual, sensemaking, and stress management skills needed to perform in some of the toughest situations. Panelists will discuss some of the challenges for training and evaluating the effectiveness of training in these complex domains. They will share examples of successful strategies and lessons learned from less-than-successful strategies.
Does prior experience influence trust in novel automation systems? A study on two mobility platforms
Authors: Mehrotra Shashank , Salubre Kevin , Akash Kumar , Zheng Zhaobo , Misu Teruhisa
Published: October 2023

Rapid advances in shared mobility and vehicle automation have led to a monumental shift of interest toward developing automated systems. However, automation development has wider implications for how end users would trust these novel automation systems. This research explored how the experience with prior automation systems and exposure to vehicles of similar form factors may influence trust when they would encounter novel mobility with a similar type of automation and form factor. A simulator study was designed with 48 participants when they interacted with AV cars and AV sidewalk mobility. Participants engaged in a simulator study consisting of two interactions separated by a few hours. Findings from the self-reported surveys suggest that prior experience with ADAS features and the preferred driving style of participants influenced dimensions of trust.
Assessing Flight Information Priority by Flight Phase for US Army Future Vertical Lift Platforms
Authors: Brimner Stuart S. , Cochran Sean P. , Colvin Jared D. , Durfee Andrew F. , Page Eric M. , Street Terence D. , Shattuck Lawrence G. , Nicholson Matthew C. , Matsangas Panagiotis
Published: October 2023

Purpose of this study was to identify what information helicopter pilots need and when to present that information based on the phase of the mission. The study included a cross-sectional online survey of all qualified active-duty UH-60 pilots in the Army (289 respondents used in analyses) followed by focus groups. The study questionnaire included demographics items and 31 pieces of information the respondents were asked to rate for three phases of flight. Analysis showed that pilots prefer different information depending on the mission phase, and that commissioned (1LT - MAJ) and warrant officers (WO1 - CW5) prioritize information differently. Also, they prefer to receive information visually with only a few alerts received audibly. In support of the Future Vertical Lift (FVL) program, these findings will assist the Holistic Situational Awareness and Decision-Making (HSA-DM) project team to develop systems that reduce the cognitive load pilots experience.
Effects of Vertical-Axial Dominant and Multi-Axial Vibration on Postural Stability
Authors: Kia Kiana , Park Jangho , Chan Allen , Srinivasan Divya , Kim Jay
Published: October 2023

This repeated-measures laboratory study characterized the relative impacts of vertical-axial dominant and multi-axial Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) exposures on postural stability. Eleven healthy participants were exposed to field-measured vibration profiles collected from on-road commercial (vertical-dominant WBV) and off-road mining vehicles (multi-axial WBV) for four hours on two different days. Before and after the exposure, postural stability was evaluated while participants performed sit-to-stand tasks followed by static standing tasks. Overall, the study results indicate that off-road, multi-axial WBV may compromise postural stability more so than on-road, vertical-dominant WBV. These findings may suggest that off-road vehicle operators are at a greater risk of fall-related injuries. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop more effective vibration control measures among off-road vehicle operators.
Are Autonomous Vehicles Really “Autonomous?”: The Importance of Human Factors in AV Safety
Authors: Valdovinos Samantha , Barbrack Claire , Podest Nicole
Published: October 2023

Autonomous vehicles are automobiles that require no human intervention, but they still require user awareness. They are not yet fully developed, and their goal is to be completely autonomous. Despite having stricter safety standards than traditional vehicles, they are not yet safe enough.

So, what is “safe enough?” Before going into depth about changes that should be made to enhance safety culture, a detailed explanation of the current information on autonomous vehicles will set up the improvements to follow: (1) the definition of autonomous vehicles (background), (2) the problem, (3) current state of autonomous vehicles and (4) future actions to take. Through extensive research, autonomous vehicles have been found to lack clear expectations from the user and efficacy from the existing safety regulations, which leads the research of this paper towards the next steps for an appropriate safety culture.
Evaluating the Classification Performance of Natural Language Processing-Driven Team Communication Analysis Models
Authors: Paul Stephen , Spain Randall , Min Wookhee , Pande Jay , Lester James
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of transformer-based natural language processing models in analyzing team communication captured during a live training event. We use a multi-class confusion matrix technique to identify patterns in the performance of two models which recognize dialogue acts and classify how information flows between team members. The dialogue act recognition model was particularly accurate on utterances related to acknowledgement, commanding, and providing information. For information flow, the model showed good performance on classifying utterances labeled as commands from the bottom and middle of the chain of command, although the error analysis revealed a high number of misclassifications related to providing information down and up the chain of command. Results of the multi-class confusion matrix technique provide insight into performance at a more granular level that may lead to model improvements and a better understanding of how the models can be applied to new datasets.
Developing a Human-Centered Corporate Metric for Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, & Antiracism in a Small Business: A Case Study and Lessons Learned
Authors: Bruni Sylvain , Shenberger-Trujillo Jessica , Clark Tim , Erickson Isabel , Toumbeva Tatiana , Meyer Sarah
Published: October 2023

Despite the recent, extensive development of corporate Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) as its own field within management science, there is no definitive or standardized corporate metric for DEI that is readily available and operationalizable in a straightforward manner. As part of our company’s Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, and Antiracism (IDEA) initiative, we sought to create such a metric to assess holistically our internal DEI efforts. We implemented a five-step process to research, brainstorm, synthesize, generate, and deploy such a metric. Ultimately, we generated a meta-metric that aims to capture what we do (the success of our activities), how we feel (increasing the feeling of inclusion), and who we are (tangible diversity in leadership and staff). We believe that our effort may both inspire and inform others seeking to assess how their organization fares in the DEI domain.
Skylight Fall Through Incidents: Priming and Alerts
Authors: Stephens Benjamin R. , Minello Owen , McClure Michel , Pearl George S.
Published: October 2023

We present three skylight fall-through case studies that illustrate poor hazard identification due in part to changes in contextual cues. In Case 1, we support this opinion by showing that priming observers with a photograph with the “skylight” label from within a warehouse does not aid identification of skylight hazards from the rooftop. Alerts were also ineffective for identification. Case 2 and Case 3 suggest similar poor skylight identification, likely also due to dramatic changes in contextual cues.
The Cognitive Load – Productivity Tradeoff in Task Switching
Authors: Chis Maximillian , Li Huao , Zheng Keyang , Lewis Michael , Hughes Dana , Sycara Katia
Published: October 2023

Although the majority of analyses of multitasking have been done in experimental settings where the tasks analyzed are non-interdependent, multitasking as it occurs in the workforce is highly complex, balancing multiple competing needs of logistical efficiency, cognitive load, and minimization of idle time. The reported study investigates multitasking in teams performing an experimental search and rescue task in Minecraft. The player in the team’s Transporter role is responsible for searching for victims and, after they have been triaged, transporting them to the appropriate location for evacuation. Player’s choices to switch tasks within and between task sets (searching vs. transporting) provide an opportunity to study interdependent task switching in the wild. That switching between task sets is more cognitively demanding than switching between tasks of the same type is well-documented. We find that an ACT-R estimate of average chunks in working memory is higher for teams that switch between task sets less frequently while scores are also higher.
Evaluating Physician Stress During Patient Handoffs: Analysis of Physician Heart Rate Variability, Patient Handoff Characteristics, and ED Metrics
Authors: Foster Steven , Hegde Sudeep , Pirrallo Ronald , Girishan Prabhu Vishnu , Taaffe Kevin , Ramsay Michael , Jackson Bill
Published: October 2023

Patient handoffs represent a critical point in patient care, specifically in hospital Emergency Departments (EDs) where handoffs occur at every shift change. Previous studies have examined ED patient handoffs primarily by evaluating handoff communication methods and scheduling models that improve and reduce the prevalence of handoffs. In this study, we provided a quantitative analysis of physician stress by measuring the HRV of outgoing and oncoming physicians during patient handoffs. We recorded descriptive data of each observed patient handoff using the status of patient disposition as a measure of physician workload, and retrospectively gathered patient outcome and ED metric data for multivariate analysis. Results demonstrate that attending physicians experience increased HRV during handoff periods over non-handoff periods, with a significant increase observed in outgoing physicians (α = 0.05). This study creates a framework for future work that considers health care worker stress and evaluates ED handoffs via the stress and workload transferred between emergency physicians.
The politics and spaces of public-private partnerships in humanitarian tech innovations
Authors: Egger Clara
Published: October 2023

The past decade has seen a growing engagement of tech companies in conflict settings to develop multifaceted technological innovations, including digital biometric identification to register refugees, commercial drones to deliver cargo, and big data-fuelled algorithms to predict the spread of crises. Humanitarian technology has been largely acclaimed as a way of making aid more effective and of triggering a paradigm shift in humanitarian governance by putting crisis-affected communities in what is claimed to be the driving seat of aid programmes. Critics are however wary about the negative impacts these innovations have on humanitarian practices and crisis-affected population. This paper contributes to this debate by assessing whether technological innovations fundamentally alter the politics and spaces of humanitarian governance. To do so, it analyses the way public private partnerships (PPPs) mediate between the interests of the various stakeholders of tech experiments and distribute power among them. Drawing upon the exploratory analysis of 22 tech projects in crisis settings, a typology of PPPs is formalised based on the way they distribute power and resources among their stakeholders. The results show that only one type of PPPs - community-based digital humanitarianism – has the potential of increasing the ownership of crisis-affected communities over aid programmes and localising projects in so-called Global South societies. The two other types – technologising the humanitarian business and externalising the lab to crisis settings – appear as a continuation of neo-colonial practices with a digital touch.
Spirituality in Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer: An Evolutionary Concept Analysis
Authors: Oyedele Oladele O. , Phillips Celeste , Robb Sheri L.
Published: October 2023

Background: Despite an increased focus on the importance of spirituality to human health, including adolescent health outcomes there remains an absence of evidence-based programs to address the spiritual needs of patients and families. A critical barrier is the absence of a clear conceptual understanding and operational definitions of spirituality for adolescents/young adults (AYAs) with cancer. The purposes of this concept analysis were to (a) clarify the concept of spirituality in the context of the AYAs’ cancer experience and (b) generate a definition based on a review of the literature examining spiritual development and the role of spirituality in AYAs’ health and cancer treatment. Method: We used Roger's evolutionary concept analysis method to identify antecedents, attributes, and consequences of spirituality in the context of AYAs’ cancer using thematic analysis and included identification of case exemplars. Results: Of the 86 articles identified, 21 met our inclusion criteria. Analysis revealed four attributes of spirituality in AYAs with cancer: meaning and purpose, connectedness, life-long universal experience, and independent of or related to religion and faith traditions. Identified antecedents included the presence of spiritual resources, chronic illness, belief, or wonder about a higher power, and existential questions. Identified consequences included hope, meaning, feelings of peace, and enhanced well-being and illness acceptance. Based on the findings, we generated a definition of spirituality in AYAs with cancer. Discussion: Findings inform the development of measures and spiritual care interventions specific to AYAs with cancer. An important limitation to address in future research is the absence of AYAs’ first-person accounts of their own spirituality.
Identifying Factors Affecting Intention to Support Pro-Environmental Crowdfunding Campaigns: Mediating and Moderating Effects
Authors: Adamska-Mieruszewska Joanna , Zientara Piotr , Mrzygłód Urszula , Fornalska Anna
Published: October 2023

Despite the undeniable importance of targeted actions for environmental protection, the research on green crowdfunding campaigns remains limited. The present study aims to address this gap by identifying the factors that influence the intention to support pro-environmental crowdfunding campaigns, conceptualised as a form of pro-environmental behaviour. We conducted a questionnaire survey to explore the interplay among biospheric values, warm-glow, willingness to sacrifice, and green trust in influencing the intention to provide financial support for pro-environmental crowdfunding projects. The results were compelling. Willingness to sacrifice and warm-glow both had a significant effect on the intention to financially support pro-environmental crowdfunding campaigns. Moreover, we discovered that these two variables act as mediators in the relationship between biospheric values and intention. Essentially, they play a role in shaping one’s intention to support pro-environmental crowdfunding initiatives. Lastly, we observed that the relationship between willingness to sacrifice and the intention to support is moderated by green trust. This highlights the importance of trust in environmentally-oriented crowdfunding efforts. Our research sheds light on the factors that drive individuals to participate in pro-environmental crowdfunding campaigns. By understanding these influences, more effective strategies to encourage and promote environmental protection initiatives through crowdfunding can be developed.
Racial and ethnic differences in clinical outcomes among patients with multiple myeloma treated with CAR T-cell therapy
Authors: Peres Lauren C. , Oswald Laura B. , Dillard Christen M. , De Avila Gabriel , Nishihori Taiga , Blue Brandon J. , Freeman Ciara L. , Locke Frederick L. , Alsina Melissa , Castaneda Puglianini Omar , Shune Leyla , Sborov Douglas W. , Wagner Charlotte , Dima Danai , Hashmi Hamza , Davis James A. , Kocoglu Mehmet H. , Badros Ashraf Z. , Atrash Shebli , Simmons Gary , Kalariya Nilesh , Ferreri Christopher , Anderson Larry D. , Afrough Aimaz , Kaur Gurbakhash , Lin Yi , Liu Lawrence , Nadeem Omar , Voorhees Peter , Khouri Jack , McGuirk Joseph , Sidana Surbhi , Hansen Doris K. , Patel Krina
Published: October 2023

Idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) was the first chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy to gain US Food and Drug Administration approval for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). The clinical outcomes of standard of care (SOC) ide-cel in racially and ethnically diverse populations have been understudied. This study pooled data from 207 patients with RRMM (28% patients of racial and ethnic minority groups) treated with SOC ide-cel across 11 institutions to examine racial and ethnic differences in the incidence of toxicities and adverse events, response to ide-cel, and survival. This study included 22 (11%) Hispanic, 36 (17%) non-Hispanic Black, and 149 (72%) non-Hispanic White patients with RRMM. Compared with Hispanic and non-Hispanic White patients, non-Hispanic Black patients had higher median levels of C-reactive protein (1.0, 0.8, and 3.5 mg/dL, respectively; P = .02) and baseline ferritin (362.0 vs 307.0 vs 680.5, respectively; P = .08) and were more likely to develop cytokine release syndrome (77%, 85%, and 97%, respectively; P = .04). Although best overall response rate was lower among Hispanic patients (59%) than among non-Hispanic Black (86%) and White patients (86%; P = .01), there were no racial and ethnic differences in progression-free or overall survival. We provide, to our knowledge, the first and largest investigation of clinical outcomes of SOC ide-cel by race and ethnicity. Despite differences in safety and response to ide-cel, our findings encourage the use of ide-cel in all patients with RRMM. These findings should be confirmed in larger samples of diverse patients with RRMM, with longer follow-up time.