bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
r-process observations
Authors: Aoki Wako
Published: June 2018

The r-process nucleosynthesis in the Universe is constrained by observations of chemical abundances of the Solar System and those of old stars that should record the products of the r-process events in the early Universe. This review provides a brief overview of the observational technique to determine chemical abundances of stars. Tar-gets of observations are stars in different populations of the Milky Way Galaxy and sur-rounding dwarf galaxies, providing different kind of constraints on the understanding of the r-process. Recent progress in observational studies to identify the r-process sites are also reviewed.
Resonant Elastic Scattering
Authors: de Oliveira Santos Francois
Published: June 2018

Elastic scattering of nuclei at energies typically below 10 MeV/nucleon can be used as a powerful method for studying nuclear spectroscopy. Resonances are observed in the excitation function, corresponding to unbound states in the compound nucleus. The analysis of the shape of these resonances can provide the excitation energy, the total width, the partial width, and the spin of the excited states.
Experimental Approach to Explosive Hydrogen Burning in X-Ray Bursts and Core-Collapse Supernovae
Authors: Kubono Shigeru
Published: June 2018

Recent experimental challenges to study the explosive hydrogen burning at extremely high temperatures are discussed. Along the nucleosynthetic pathway, discussions were made especially for the medium mass region, where we have possible waiting points and bottle necks which influence not only the light curve but also the production of heavy elements including the anomalously abundant p-nuclei at A = 80-100. Two approaches were discussed for the problem; one is the precision mass measurements and the other one is the half-live measurement of very short lived isotopes. A scope of the field is also discussed.
Essentials of the macroscopic-microscopic folded-Yukawa approach and examples of its record in providing nuclear-structure data for simulations
Authors: Möller Peter
Published: June 2018

The macroscopic-microscopic model based on the folded-Yukawa singleparticle potential and a “finite-range” macroscopic model is probably the approach that has provided the most reliable predictions of a large number of nuclear-structure properties for all nuclei between the proton and neutron drip lines. I will describe some basic features of the model and the development philosophy that may be the reason for its success. Examples of quantities modeled within the same model framework are, nuclear masses, ground-state level structure, including spins, ground-state shapes, fission barriers, heavy-ion fusion barriers, sub-barrier fusion cross sections, β-decay half-lives and delayed neutron emission probabilities, shape coexistence, and α-decay Qα energies to name a few. I will show how well it predicted various properties measured after published results. Rather than giving an incomplete model description here I will give a timeline of model development and provide references to typical applications and references that are sufficiently complete that several individuals have written computer codes based on these references, codes whose results have excellent agreement with ours.
7Be(n,p) cross section measurement for the Cosmological Lithium Problem at the n_TOF facility at CERN
Authors: Lucia Anna Damone , Colonna N. , Barbagallo M. , Mastromarco M. , Andrzejewski J. , Finocchiaro P. , Cosentino L.
Published: June 2018

One of the most puzzling problems in Nuclear Astrophysics is the "Cosmological Lithium Problem", i.e the discrepancy between the primordial abundance of 7Li observed in metal poor halo stars [1], and the one predicted by Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN). One of the reactions that could have an impact on the problem is 7Be(n,p)7Li. Despite of the importance of this reaction in BBN, the cross-section has never been directly measured at the energies of interest for BBN. Taking advantage of the innovative features of the second experimental area at the n_TOF facility at CERN, an accurate measurement of 7Be(n,p) cross section has been recently performed at n_TOF, with a pure 7Be target produced by implantation of a 7Be beam at ISOLDE. The experimental procedure, the setup used in the measurement and the results obtained so far will be here presented.
Study of key resonances in the 30P(p,γ)31S reaction in classical novae
Authors: Meyer A. , de Séréville N. , Hammache F. , Adsley P. , Assié M. , Beaumel D. , Delafosse C. , Flavigny F. , Georgiadou A. , Gottardo A. , Grassi L. , Guillot J. , Id Barkach T. , MacCormick M. , Matea I. , Olivier L. , Perrot L. , Portail C. , Stefan I. , Parikh A. , Coc A. , Kiener J. , Tatischeff V. , Laird A. M. , Fox S. P. , Hubbard N. , Riley J. , De Oliveira F. , Bastin B. , Béroff K. , Sánchez Benítez Á. M. , Alellara A. , Assunção M. , Guimaraes V. , Oulebsir N. , D’Agata G.
Published: June 2018

Among reactions with strong impact on classical novae model predictions, 30P(p,γ)31S is one of the few remained that are worthy to be measured accurately, because of their rate uncertainty, as like as 18F(p,α)15O and 25Al(pγ)26Si. To reduce the nuclear uncertainties associated to this reaction, we performed an experiment at ALTO facility of Orsay using the 31P(3He,t)31S reaction to populate 31S excited states of astrophysical interest and detect in coincidence the protons coming from the decay of the populated states in order to extract the proton branching ratios. After a presentation of the astrophysical context of this work, the current situation of the 30P(p,γ)31S reaction rate will be discussed. Then the experiment set-up of this work and the analysis of the single events will be presented.
The Treiman-Yang Criterion: validating the Trojan Horse Method by experimentally probing the reaction mechanism
Authors: Perrotta S. S. , Spitaleri C. , Cherubini S. , Cvetinović A. , D’Agata G. , Dell’Aquila D. , Di Pietro A. , Figuera P. , Guardo L. , Gulino M. , Indelicato I. , Kres I. , La Cognata M. , La Commara M. , Lamia L. , Lattuada D. , Lattuada M. , Lombardo I. , Mazzocco M. , Parascandolo T. , Pizzone R. G. , Rapisarda G. G. , Romano S. , Spartà R. , Trippella O. , Tumino A.
Published: June 2018

Proper selection of the quasi-free (QF) break-up channel in a three-body reaction is a key aspect for the applicability of the Trojan Horse Method (THM). The Treiman-Yang (TY) Criterion is a model-independent experimental test for the dominance of the QF mechanism, and hence constitutes one of the strongest validity tests of the THM. An experiment was performed at LNS to apply the test to the d(10B, 7Be α)n reaction. Here, the criterion is described and some preliminary data from the experiment are shown.
Control Materials of Hydrogen Concentration in Micro Environment and Their Summary of Application
Authors: Zhu Min , Lu Cuihua , Zhou Hongqing
Published: June 2018

Some materials will be hydrogenated to corrosion, such as metal materials, organic materials, polymer materials and so on, when the concentration of hydrogen in a mixed gas is greater than 4% in a closed space of micro environment. Their performances will be seriously affected. So removing or reducing the concentration of hydrogen in a micro environment can fundamentally solve the problem of hydrogenation corrosion. Metallic hydrogen removing agent and organic hydrogen removing agent are the main research directions of controlling materials of hydrogen concentration in micro environment. Current research status in the world are comprehensively reviewed from these two aspects. Features and application scopes of these two kinds of materials are pointed out separately, which provide a theoretical reference for the prevention of accidents caused by hydrogenation corrosion.
Cyanide Containing Wastewater Treatment by Ozone Enhanced Catalytic Oxidation over Diatomite Catalysts
Authors: Lin Mingguo , Gu Qiyuan , Cui Xinglan , Liu Xingyu
Published: June 2018

Cyanide containing wastewater that discharged from gold mining process creates environmental problems due to the toxicity of cyanide. As one of the promising advanced oxidation process, catalytic oxidation with ozone is considered to be effective on the purification of cyanide. Diatomite, a natural mineral, was used as catalyst in this study. The effect of O3 dosage, salinity, initial cyanide concentration and initial pH condition were investigated. It was observed that the removal rate of cyanide was much higher in the catalytic oxidation with ozone process than the one in zone alone process. Alkaline condition was especially favorable for cyanide in catalytic oxidation with ozone. The ozone and catalytic oxidation with ozone were simulated by pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The apparent first-order rate constant contribution of the diatomite catalyst was 0.0757 min-1, and the contribution percentage was 65.77%.
Failure Analysis of Cathode Materials for Energy Storage Batteries in Overcharge Test
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Tao Ziqiang , Si Nianpeng , Fu Yanling , Li Tao , Xiao Haiqing
Published: June 2018

The micro-analysis of energy storage batteries in overcharge test at 20°C temperature was investigated. The results showed as follows: (1) Compared with the normal battery charge at room temperature scanning microscope maps of battery overcharge, the crystal was fractured of the positive surface when the battery was overcharging, and with the increase of experimental time, the crystal fracture is more serious, this is to say that the battery electrolyte decomposition or battery material structure could change by overcharge test. (2) Based on the XRD maps, the characteristic peak position of overcharge test of cathode materials were changed, this showed that the content of cathode material elemental has been destroyed and changed in overcharge test.
Preparation of Autoclaved Foamed Concrete Block from Fly Ash and Carbide Slag
Authors: Tan Xing , Han Fuqiang , Zhao Fengqing
Published: June 2018

To achieve the comprehensive utilization of solid waste and reduce costs, fly ash, carbide slag, and low-clinker cement were used to produce lightweight foamed concrete block. Granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) was used as composition correction material in the block. The effects of curing temperature and dosage of low-clinker cement on the performance of foamed concrete block were investigated. The optimal material proportioning is obtained: fly ash 58.5%, carbide slag 20%, GBFS 10%, gypsum 1.5% and low-clinker cement 10%. The proper curing regime is “temperature rising 4h-180°C constant temperature 4h-natural cooling”. The results indicate that the compressive strength of the block reaches 3.55 MPa while the density is 616.9 kg/m3. The performance of the product meets JC/T 1062-2007 (China professional standard of foamed concrete block).
Study on Hot Deformation Behavior of High Strength Construction Steel 34CrNiMo6
Authors: Kang Feng , Yang Echuan , Lin Jun , Hu Chuankai
Published: June 2018

The hot pressure deformation tests were carried out by using Gleeble-2000 simulator at the temperature of 950°C ~ 1150 °C and strain rate of 0.001s-1 ~ 1s-1 for a kind of high strength construction steel 34CrNiMo6 for Crankshafts and the curve of its flow stress were obtained. By studied the data, the flow stress constitutive equation, hot deforming active energy and the Z parameter were obtained. The curve of flow stress of 34CrNiMo6 steel indicated that the flow stress was increased with the decrease of temperature or increase of the strain rate. During the deformation, temperature and strain rate take important effect on dynamic recrystallization and dynamic recovery. It was propitious to dynamic recrystallization with raising temperature or reducing strain rate, and also made for the refinement of grain.
Mineralogical Characteristics of a Micro-Fine and Low Grade Refractory Gold Ore
Authors: Chen Yong , Song Yongsheng , Li Wenjuan , Cai Liulu
Published: June 2018

Detailed characterization of a micro-fine, low-grade refractory gold ore from a beneficiation plant in Yunnan Province, China, was investigated. Different analytical techniques, such as videlicet size analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and mineral analysis by a Mineral Liberation Analyser, were used for mineralogical characterization of the ore. The results show that the most valuable metal is gold. Grain size of pyrites and arsenian pyrites, which are main gold carrying minerals, are mostly 1 ~ 30 μ m. The gangue mineral is composed of quartz, mica, dolomite and feldspar, while the content of easy-to-float and clay gangue minerals is up to 33%.
Technics Research on Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride Cutting Tools Dry Turning Ti-6AL-4V Alloy Based on Orthogonal Experimental Design
Authors: Jia Yunhai , Zhu Lixin
Published: June 2018

Ti-6Al-4V components are the most widely used titanium alloy products not only in the aerospace industry, but also for bio-medical applications. The machine-ability of titanium alloys is impaired by their high temperature chemical reactivity, low thermal conductivity and low modulus of elasticity. Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride represents a substitute tool material for turning titanium alloys due to its high hardness, wear resistance, thermal stability and hot red hardness. For determination of suitable cutting parameters in dry turning Ti-6AL-4V alloy by Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutting tools, the samples, 300mm in length and 100mm in diameter, were dry machined in a lathe. The turning suitable parameters, such as cutting speed, feed rate and cut depth were determined according to workpieces surface roughness and tools flank wear based on orthogonal experimental design. The experiment showed that the cutting speed in the range of 160~180 m/min, the feed rate is 0.15 mm/rev and the depth of cut is 0.20mm, ideal workpiece surface roughness and little cutting tools flank wear can be obtained.
Synthesis, and Characteristic Luminescence of Core-Shell SiO2@Eu(MABA-Si)·(phen) Microspheres
Authors: Ma Yang-Yang , Li Wen-Xian , Zheng Yu-Shan
Published: June 2018

Monodispersed SiO2@Eu(MABA-Si)·(phen) core-shell microspheres were synthesized by silane coupling agent method. The core-shell microspheres was used the europium complex Eu(MABA-Si)·(phen)2·(ClO4)3·2H2O as shell and SiO2 as the inorganic core. The europium complex shell has grafted to silica surface through forming a Si-O-Si bond. The europium complex was synthesized by HOOCC6H4N- (CONH(CH2)3Si(OCH2CH3)3)2 (denoted as MABA-Si) and phen coordinated europium perchlorate. The europium complex has been characterized by element analysis, molar conductivity, 1HNMR and IR. The TEM and SEM showed that the diameter of SiO2 core was about 400 nm and the thickness of the europium complex shell was about 20 nm. Fluorescence spectra illustrated that the core-shell microspheres have stronger fluorescence intensity than the europium complex which was 1.87 times.
Assessment of structural reliability of precast concrete buildings
Authors: Koyankin Alexandr , Mitasov Valeriy
Published: June 2018

Precast housing construction is currently being under rapid development, however, reliability of building structures made from precast reinforced concrete cannot be assessed rationally due to insufficient research data on that subject. In this regard, experimental and numerical studies were conducted to assess structural reliability of precast buildings as described in the given paper. Experimental studies of full-scale and model samples were conducted; numerical studies were held based on finite element models using “Lira” software. The objects under study included fragment of flooring of a building under construction, full-size fragment of flooring, full-scale models of precast cross-beams-to-columns joints and joints between hollow-core floor slabs and precast and cast-in-place cross-beams. Conducted research enabled to perform an objective assessment of structural reliability of precast buildings.
Stress-strain state analysis and optimization of rod system under periodic pulse load
Authors: Grebenyuk Grigory , Veshkin Maxim , Maksak Vladislav , Nosireva Olga
Published: June 2018

The paper considers the problem of analysis and optimization of rod systems subjected to combined static and periodic pulse load. As a result of the study the analysis method was developed based on traditional approach to solving homogeneous matrix equations of state and a special algorithm for developing a particular solution. The influence of pulse parameters variations on stress-strain state of a rod system was analyzed. Algorithms for rod systems optimization were developed basing on strength recalculation and statement and solution of optimization problem as a problem of nonlinear mathematical programming. Recommendations are developed for efficient organization of process for optimization of rod systems under static and periodic pulse load.
Control of stress-strain state in double-span reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Statsenko Nataliya , Mitasov Valery
Published: June 2018

Considering the tendency of reinforced concrete to redistribute load depending on the amount and location of effective reinforcement a series of experiments were performed using a non-traditional approach with set strain behavior of reinforced concrete beams during crack formation. The influence of location and number of cracks on load redistribution in double-span reinforced concrete beams was assessed. During the experiments comparative analysis of moments at support and at span was performed using uniform method of experiment. The paper presents mechanisms of load redistribution caused by non-linear deformations of a cracked element and plastic properties of compressed concrete.
Modeling of storage tank settlement based on the United States standards
Authors: Gruchenkova Alesya , Tarasenko Aleksandr , Chepur Petr
Published: June 2018

Up to 60% of storage tanks in operation have uneven settlement of the outer bottom contour, which often leads to accidents. Russian and foreign regulatory documents have different requirements for strain limits of metal structures. There is an increasing need for harmonizing regulatory documents. The aim of this study is to theoretically justify and to assess the possibility of applying the U.S. standards for specifying the allowable settlement of storage tanks used in Russia. The allowable uneven settlement was calculated for a vertical steel tank (VST-20000) according to API-653, a standard of the American Petroleum Institute. The calculated allowable settlement levels were compared with those established by Russian standards. Based on the finite element method, the uneven settlement development process of a storage tank was modeled. Stress-strain state parameters of tank structures were obtained at the critical levels established in API-653. Relationships of maximum equivalent stresses in VST metal structures to the vertical settlement component for settlement zones of 6 to 72 m in length were determined. When the uneven settlement zone is 6 m in length, the limit state is found to be caused by 30-mm vertical settlement, while stresses in the wall exceed 330 MPa. When the uneven settlement zone is 36 m in length, stresses reach the yield point only at 100-mm vertical settlement.
Sound insulation of lightweight partition walls with regard to structural sound transmission
Authors: Lelyuga Olga , Ovsyannikov Sergey
Published: June 2018

The known methods of acoustical calculation in buildings disregard the phenomenon of structural sound transmission, whereas its effect can reach from 2 to 12 dB. The purpose of this paper is to develop the calculation method for sound transmission and vibrations in connected vibroacoustic systems. Theoretical research methods were used based on the theory of statistical energy analysis (SEA) and the theory of self-consistent sound fields with regard to dual nature of sound formation - resonance and inertia. Based on M. Sedov's method of sound fields consistency, a calculation method for sound insulation was developed with integration in SEA methodology. Use of the developed method allows predicting sound transmission through a double-panel partition with the account of adjacent structures.
Computer simulation of yielding supports under static and short-term dynamic load
Authors: Kumpyak Oleg , Mescheulov Nikita
Published: June 2018

Dynamic impacts that became frequent lately cause large human and economic losses, and their prevention methods are not always effective and reasonable. The given research aims at studying the way of enhancing explosion safety of building structures by means of yielding supports. The paper presents results of numerical studies of strength and deformation property of yielding supports in the shape of annular tubes under static and short-term dynamic loading. The degree of influence of yielding supports was assessed taking into account three peculiar stages of deformation: elastic; elasto-plastic; and elasto-plastic with hardening. The methodology for numerical studies performance was described using finite element analysis with program software Ansys Mechanical v17.2. It was established that rigidity of yielding supports influences significantly their stress-strain state. The research determined that with the increase in deformable elements rigidity dependence between load and deformation of the support in elastic and plastic stages have linear character. Significant reduction of the dynamic response and increase in deformation time of yielding supports were observed due to increasing the plastic component. Therefore, it allows assuming on possibility of their application as supporting units in RC beams.
Temperature influence on strain state of a flexible plate
Authors: Treputneva Tatiana , Popov Oleg , Moiseenko Margarita , Maksak Vladislav , Malinovskiy Anatoly , Mescheulov Nikita
Published: June 2018

Developing analytical methods for studying the strain state of flexible plates is a relevant issue, especially for complex problems that recognize nonlinear operation and temperature-dependent changes in mechanical properties of materials. The paper analyzes the stress-strain state of a two-field flexible plate with an initial deflection exposed to a non-uniform temperature field. It presents and analyzes the results of the numerical studies based on an algorithm developed by the authors for designing anisotropic rectangular structural elements with discontinuous parameters, taking into account nonlinearities. The analysis of the design results suggests that initial deflection, physical and geometric nonlinearities, as well as inhomogeneity of the plate material need to be taken into consideration.
Evolution of the reinforced I-beam strain state
Authors: Ustinov Artem , Klopotov Anatolij , Potekaev Aleksandr , Plevkov Vasilij , Marchenko Ekaterina
Published: June 2018

The paper presents experimental results of the strain state evolution of the steel I-beam reinforced with composite material under four-point bending loading. Digital image correlation technique was used to trace the evolution of plastic strain zones distribution. The images of longitudinal relative strain on the lateral surface of the reinforced I-beam web were obtained and analyzed. It was found that the increase of load-bearing capacity of the reinforced beams can exceed 26 %.
Basics of recreation of ancient ceramics production technology
Authors: Sutakova Elza , Mestnikov Alexei
Published: June 2018

The paper investigates possibility of ancient ceramics technology recreation based on materials of archaeological excavations and experimental simulation and describes results of the research. The structure and properties of ceramic samples found during archaeological excavations of the neolithic age and clay raw materials from different deposits were studied. The fragments under study were shown to consist mainly of light-melting clays, possessing polimineral composition with additives of fire clay, sand, loose sedimentary rock, and in some cases wool and vegetation. Clays under study are characterized by variability of chemical and mineral composition, by their combining it is possible to obtain optimal moulding compositions to produce ceramic products of artistic and architectural-structural purpose. Overview of scientific and technical information in archaeology and the obtained experimental results enable to reveal compositions and peculiarities of ancient technology of ceramics production and technical decoration application. Peculiar features of experimental simulation of the ancient ceramics technology considering chemical and mineral composition of clay raw materials are described.
Macromodel of interfacial transition layer in ceramic matrix composites
Authors: Stolboushkin Andrey , Syromyasov Vadim , Vereschagin Vladimir , Fomina Oksana
Published: June 2018

The purpose of the study is to create a macromodel of interfacial transition layer in ceramic matrix composites. Chemical and mineralogical compositions were investigated by means of X-ray fluorescence analysis and X-ray diffractometry, ceramic and technological properties of raw materials were defined using standard test methods for argillaceous raw materials. Phase composition and structure of ceramic specimens were studied using a complex of modern physico-chemical analysis methods. The layer-by-layer model of shell-core transition in ceramic matrix material was suggested. Boundary conditions for obtaining specimens were defined in terms of number of layers, thickness of such layers and pitch of core-to-shell material ratio. Forced air supply was organized while burning for directed heat and mass transfer inside the specimens. Mineral composition of layers was defined for ceramic specimens with the core of iron ore waste and the shell of clay. The study enabled to determine dependences between qualitative and semi-quantitative variation of new mineral formations content in transitional layers of a composite, which is the evidence of interaction between the core and the shell products while burning a ceramic matrix material.
Influence of cellulose fibers on structure and properties of fiber reinforced foam concrete
Authors: Fedorov Valeriy , Mestnikov Aleksey
Published: June 2018

One of the promising means of foamed concrete quality improvement is micro-reinforcement by adding synthetic and mineral fibers to the base mix. This research is the first to investigate peculiarities of using recycled cellulose fiber extracted from waste paper for obtaining fiber reinforced foam concrete. The paper presents results of experimental research on the influence of cellulose fibers on structure and properties of fiber reinforced foam concrete by using methods of chemical analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The research determines peculiarities of new formations appearance and densification of binder hydration products in the contact zone between fiber and cement matrix, which boost mechanical strength of fiber reinforced foam concrete. Physico-mechanical properties of fiber reinforced foam concrete were defined depending on the amount of recycled cellulose fiber added to the base mix. It was found that the use of recycled cellulose fibers allows obtaining structural thermal insulating fiber reinforced foam concretes of non-autoclaved hardening of brand D600 with regard to mean density with the following improved properties: compressive strength increased by 35% compared to basic samples, higher stability of foamed concrete mix and decreased shrinkage deformation.
Structure and preferred orientation of primary phases of Ni-Al-Co-based alloy alloyed by Rhenium after annealing and creep exposure
Authors: Nikonenko Elena , Popova Natalya , Nikonenko Alisa , Koneva Nina
Published: June 2018

The present paper investigates phase composition and fine structure of Ni-Al-Co-based alloy alloyed by Rhenium (Re) (~3 at.%), as well as studies preferred orientation of the given alloy primary phases by means of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The original state was given as the alloy which underwent a complete cycle of heat treatment: stepwise homogenization, cooling, annealing, and cooling at 100°C/min back to room temperature. The alloy was further subject to annealing at 1000°C for 105 h and 968 h. It was also exposed to creep experiments at the same temperature for 105 h (loading 320 MPa), and for 968 h (220 MPa). γ- and γ′-phases were established to be the primary phases in both states of face-centered cubic crystal lattice. γ′-phase (phase with ordered atom arrangement having L12 superstructure) was the primary phase in all states of the alloy. Investigations showed that Re being able not to dissolve in the primary phases served as a phase-forming element. Phase composition and phase morphology were studied. The influence of high-temperature annealing and creep on superalloy structure and morphology of γ′-phase were defined. The influence of creep on the structure was proven to be different from the annealing effect. First, creep generated larger dissipation of orientations than annealing. Second, anisotropy of γ′-phase cuboids could be observed at meso-level. Cuboids partially joined together. Third, spheroidized cuboids could be often met after creep.
Influence of electrolytic plasma nitriding mode on structural phase state of pearlitic steel
Authors: Popova Natalya , Erygina Lyudmila , Nikonenko Elena , Skakov Mazhin
Published: June 2018

The paper describes results of studies of phase transitions in structural phase state occurring in the type 0.34C-1Cr-1Ni-1Mo-Fe steel under electrolytic plasma nitriding in nitrogen-containing water solution. The nitriding voltages considered in the given study were 550 and 600 V. The research was conducted by means of X-ray diffraction electron microscopy. The specimens were studied in two states : 1) before modification (original state) and 2) after nitriding in the surface layer of the specimen. The study was conducted on thin foils. It was found that nitriding lead to significant changes in the structure of steel, namely in its phase composition and in the number of existing phases. In the original state the structure of steel was given as lamellar pearlite, ferritic carbide mix and fragmented ferrite. After 550 V nitriding it was lath martensite, plates of α-phase, with colonies of thin parallel plates of γ-phase and coarse grains of α-phase, containing γ-phase grains which were different in size and shape and were various-directional. Increase in nitriding voltage up to 600 V lead to change in the structure given as a lamellar non-fragmented pearlite and fragmented ferrite. The original state was marked by presence of particles of M3C cementite, after nitriding irrespective of the voltage it had the particles of M3C alloyed cementite, Fe3Mo3N nitride and Cr2C0.61N0.39 carbonitride. The sizes, volume fractions and locations of particles were dependent on nitriding voltage.
Obtaining memristor elements based on non-noble materials
Authors: Troyan Pavel , Sakharov Yury , Zhidik Ekaterina
Published: June 2018

This study is aimed at creating memristor elements based on TiO2/TiOx layers with electrodes that do not contain noble and rare-earth metals, by vacuum deposition method. The characteristics of these elements analyzed by voltammetric methods show that the appearance of an N-type region of negative differential resistance on the current–voltage curve can be caused only by metal electrodes whose vacuum work function exceeds that of TiO2. The appearance of the N-type region on the current–voltage curve of a memristor element is possible only after electrically assisted vacuum forming. Mo–TiO2/TiOx–Ni/Cu structures, for which the ILR/IHR ratio reaches two orders of magnitude at a voltage of less than 4 V, have the most stable parameters.
Features of the structural phase state of a weld produced by electron-beam welding in the submicrocrystalline grade 2 titanium alloy
Authors: Kurgan Kirill , Klimenov Vasily , Klopotov Anatoly , Gnyusov Sergey , Abzaev Yuri , Potekaev Alexander , Marzol Mikhail
Published: June 2018

This paper presents the results of structural studies for a welded joint of the Grade 2 titanium alloy in submicrocrystalline and microcrystalline states produced by electron beam welding when joining 2-mm-thick plates. Microhardness distribution patterns of the Grade-2 titanium alloy in micro- and submicrocrystalline states are identified in the weld zone and heat-affected zone. These patterns reflect a difference in structural phase states. It is assumed that one of the key factors affecting both the structural state and microhardness distribution in the weld zone and heat-affected zone during electron-beam welding is high concentration of oxygen atoms embedded into the crystal lattice of α–Ti-based solid solution.
Fuzzy batch controller for granular materials
Authors: Zamyatin Nikolaj , Smirnov Gennadij , Fedorchuk Yuri , Rusina Olga
Published: June 2018

The paper focuses on batch control of granular materials in production of building materials from fluorine anhydrite. Batching equipment is intended for smooth operation and timely feeding of supply hoppers at a required level. Level sensors and a controller of an asynchronous screw drive motor are used to control filling of the hopper with industrial anhydrite binders. The controller generates a required frequency and ensures required productivity of a feed conveyor. Mamdani-type fuzzy inference is proposed for controlling the speed of the screw that feeds mixture components. As related to production of building materials based on fluoride anhydrite, this method is used for the first time. A fuzzy controller is proven to be effective in controlling the filling level of the supply hopper. In addition, the authors determined optimal parameters of the batching process to ensure smooth operation and production of fluorine anhydrite materials of specified properties that can compete with gypsum-based products.
Cost efficiency assessment of automated quality control of precast structures
Authors: Kaverzina Liudmila , Kovalenko Galina , Dudina Irina , Belskii Oleg
Published: June 2018

Relevance of the research is conditioned by the necessity to enhance the factory quality control of reinforced concrete structures based on integral assessment of their reliability. The current system of selective quality control of precast concrete structures does not provide reliability assurance of the whole lot of products. The present research aims to develop operational procedure and consider economic feasibility of automated quality control of precast RC structures. Quality control is performed each shift according to the developed software system based on probabilistic methods considering statistic variability of the controlled parameters. The critical criterion of operational integrity of structures is integral assessment of the reliability indicators. The following theoretical research methods were used in the study: probabilistic-statistical, methods of system and economic analysis. Validity of the obtained results and economic feasibility were proved by experimental studies including full-scale tests.
Nondestructive testing method for a new generation of electronics
Authors: Azin Anton , Zhukov Andrey , Narikovich Anton , Ponomarev Sergey , Rikkonen Sergey , Leitsin Vladimir
Published: June 2018

The implementation of the Smart City system needs reliable and smoothly operating electronic equipment. The study is aimed at developing a nondestructive testing method for electronic equipment and its components. This method can be used to identify critical design defects of printed circuit boards (PCB) and to predict their service life, taking into account the nature of probable operating loads. The study uses an acoustic emission method to identify and localize critical design defects of printed circuit boards. Geometric dimensions of detected critical defects can be determined by the X-ray tomography method. Based on the results of the study, a method combining acoustic emission and X-ray tomography was developed for nondestructive testing of printed circuit boards. The stress-strain state of solder joints containing detected defects was analyzed. This paper gives an example of using the developed method for estimating the degree of damage to joints between PCB components and predicting the service life of the entire PCB.
Safety of a novel modular cage for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion − clinical cohort study in 20 patients with degenerative disc disease
Authors: Elmekaty Mohamed , ElMehy Emad , Försth Peter , MacDowall Anna , Elemi Ahmed El , Hosni Mohamed , Robinson Yohan
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is used to reconstruct disc height and reduce degenerative deformity in spinal fusion. Patients with osteoporosis are at high risk of TLIF cage subsidence; possibly due to the relatively small footprint compared to anterior interbody devices. Recently, modular TLIF cage with an integral rail and slot system was developed to reduce cage subsidence and allow early rehabilitation.

Objective: To study the safety of a modular TLIF device in patients with degenerative disc disorders (DDD) with regard to surgical complications, non-union, and subsidence.

Methods: Patients with DDD treated with a modular TLIF cage (Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), VTI interfuse S) were analysed retrospectively with one-year follow-up. Lumbar sagittal parameters were collected preoperatively, postoperatively and at one year follow-up. Cage subsidence, fusion rate, screw loosening and proportion of endplate coverage were assessed in computed tomography scan.

Results: 20 patients (age 66 ± 10 years, 65% female, BMI 28 ± 5 kg/m2) with a total of 37 fusion levels were included. 15 patients had degenerative spondylosis and 5 patients had degenerative scoliosis. The cages covered >60% of the vertebral body diameters. Lumbar lordosis angle and segmental disc angle increased from 45.2 ± 14.5 and 7.3 ± 3.6 to 52.7 ± 9.1 and 10.5 ± 3.5 (p =  0.029 and 0.0002) postoperatively for each parameter respectively without loss of correction at one year follow up. One case of deep postoperative infection occurred (5%). No cage subsidence occurred. No non-union or screw loosening occurred.

Conclusions: The modular TLIF cage was safe with regard to subsidence and union-rate. It restored and maintained lumbar lordosis angle, segmental disc angle and disc height, which can be attributed to the large footprint of this modular cage.
Purification of Human Brain Tissue Factor
Authors: Kang Sungzong , Niemetz Julian
Published: June 2018

Tissue factor (thromboplastin or Factor III), a glycoprotein cofactor, is required for Factor VII to express its catalytic activity, thereby initiating the extrinsic as well as intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. Human brain tissue factor was purified 2,500-fold to 98% homogeneity from 2% Tiiton X-100 extraction of acetone dried brain powder with an overall yield of 36%. The method was based upon affinity chromatography utilizing the high affinity binding of tissue factor to Factor VII noncovalently complexed to immobilized anti-Factor VII-agarose beads. The apparent molecular weight of the purified tissue factor is 45,000 as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and its isoelectric point is 4.8–5.1 by column chromatofocussing and flat bed agarose isoelectric focussing.
Antithrombin Oslo: Type Ib Classification of the First Reported Antithrombin-Deficient Family, with a Review of Hereditary Antithrombin Variants
Authors: Hultin Mae B , McKay John , Abildgaard Ulrich
Published: June 2018

Patients with classical antithrombin deficiency (Type I) from seven unrelated kindreds were studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis of plasma in the presence and absence of heparin. The only abnormal pattern was found in the kindred first reported by Egeberg in 1965. An abnormal cathodal peak of antithrombin antigen was found in the presence, but not the absence, of heparin in the first dimension gel. We have named this variant antithrombin Oslo. Such evidence of an abnormal protein, despite equivalent low levels of antithrombin antigen and activity, has been denoted previously by Sas as Type Ib deficiency. In the context of this new report, we review the literature to date on 33 other variants of the Types Ib, II and III subclassifications with a discussion of the value of the classification scheme.
Plasma Collagen Cofactor Correlates with von Willebrand Factor Antigen and Ristocetin Cofactor but Not with Bleeding Time
Authors: Aihara Morio , Kimura Asano , Chiba Yoichi , Yoshida Yutaka
Published: June 2018

Collagen cofactor (CCo), an activity of von Willebrand factor (vWF) which increases the rate of adhesion of human fixed washed platelets (FWP) to collagen, was measured in plasma from normal individuals and individuals with von Willebrand’s disease (vWD). CCo in vWD plasma was compared to vWF antigen (vWF:Ag), ristocetin cofactor (RCo), factor VIII (VIII) coagulant activity (VIII:C) and the quantitative bleeding time. There was close correlation between CCo and VIII:C (r = 0.909), vWF:Ag (r = 0.975), and RCo (r = 0.936). However, there was no correlation between CCo and the quantitative bleeding time. Plasma CCo in type IIA vWD was markedly lower than vWF: Ag and the ratio of CCo/vWF: Ag was 0.08, which was less than a mean value of 0.92 in type I vWD. CCo activity in normal plasma was completely inhibited by monoclonal antibody CLB-RAg 201, an antibody that inhibits the binding of vWF to collagen, suggesting that the binding of vWF to collagen is required for the expression of CCo. Furthermore, the partial inhibition of CCo by monoclonal antibody CLB-RAg 35 that inhibits the binding of vWF to platelet in the presence of ristocetin, suggests that CCo is partly mediated through platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib. Large multimers of vWF:Ag in normal plasma were preferentially absorbed by collagen. These studies demonstrate that CCo is another functional activity of vWF and the measurement of CCo may be useful for the detection of new variant forms of vWD.
Effect of a Moderate Fish lntake on Platelet Aggregation in Human Platelet-Rich Plasma
Authors: Houwelingen A C v , Hennissen A A H M , Verbeek-Schippersa F , Simonsen T , Kester A D M , Hornstra G
Published: June 2018

This paper describes the results of an international study to investigate the effect of a reasonable amount of dietary fish on platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) induced by collagen and thrombin. In Maastricht, Tiomsø, and Zeist two groups of healthy male volunteers were given a daily dietary supplement consisting of 135 g of canned mackerel paste (experimental group, n = 40) or meat paste (control group, n = 42) for a 6-week period. Compliance, calculated on the basis of the urinary excretion of lithium, added to the supplements, was about 80%. Platelet number in PRP decreased significantly in the fish group. Collagen-induced platelet aggregation in PRP differed widely between the three centres despite the attempt to use exactly the same conditions. Nonetheless, aggregation decreased significantly in the fish group. The mackerel effect on thrombin-induced aggregation was inconsistent.
Heparin Potentiates Endothelial Gell Growth Factor Stimulation of Plasminogen Activator Synthesis by Diploid Human Lung Fibroblasts
Authors: Rappaport Ruth S , Ronchetti-Blume Marlene , Vogel Robert L , Hung Paul P
Published: June 2018

Endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF) stimulates the synthesis of t-PA and u-PA by confluent, diploid human lung fibroblasts, and this activity is potentiated considerably by heparin. In contrast, the malignant cell lines, Bowes melonoma and CALU-3, producers of t-PA and u-PA, respectively, are insensitive to ECGF, Studies with metabolic inhibitors and direct measurements of PA-specific mRNAs show that EccF-mediated production of PA by human lung fibroblasts is dependent on de novo protein and RNA synthesis. The mechanism by which heparin potentiates this effect is thought to reside in its ability to prolong or strengthen the interaction of ECGF with cell surface receptors. The results raise the possibility that endogenous ECGF or related polypeptides (and heparin) may act to regulate PA synthesis by lung fibroblasts and possibly other responsive target cells in vivo.
Plasma Fibrinolytic Activity Associated with Flurothyl Induced Convulsion
Authors: Cooper Richard G. , Webb O. Lynn
Published: June 2018

Blood drawn from rats following convulsion produced by inhalation of flurothyl appeared to be hypocoagulable. Prothrombin times and partial thromboplastin times on plasma tested soon after convulsion were significantly prolonged, but euglobulin lysis times were greatly shortened (controls mean = 174 minutes, convulsed mean = 35 minutes, P <0.005). Several additional experiments were performed in an attempt to determine what component of the convulsive experience was responsible for the increased fibrinolysis. Flurothyl vapors passed through citrated rat blood in vitro did not alter the euglobulin lysis time. Rats paralyzed with gallamine triethiodide and supported by artificial ventilation were subjected to flurothyl vapors and the convulsion monitored by electroencephalography. Post-convulsion plasma from these animals had euglobulin lysis times that did not differ significantly from suitable controls. Rats convulsed in convulsion chambers with increased ambient oxygen percentage had shortened euglobulin lysis times similar to those convulsed in chambers containing room air. We believe these data eliminate both direct action of the drug on blood and a direct action through the central nervous system. The enhanced fibrinolytic activity may be secondary to the muscular activity or asphyxia associated with the convulsion.
Effect of Plasma and Platelet Concentrate Infusions on Factor VIII, Platelet Adhesiveness, and Bleeding Time in Bleeder Swine
Authors: Cornell C. N , Cooper R. G , Muhrer M. E , Garb S
Published: June 2018

Bleeder swine are characterized by a prolonged bleeding time, decreased factor VIII levels or reduced platelet adhesiveness or both, and a factor VIII response to infusion of plasma or serum similar to that described in von Willebrand’s disease. In this study the factor VIII response of bleeder swine infused with fresh non-glass-contact pig plasma was similar to that reported in previous experiments after infusion of plasma that was frozen and stored for a variable period of time before use or was not free of glass contact. There was no beneficial effect on platelet adhesiveness. Following platelet concentrate infusion, there was no sustained normalization of platelet adhesiveness, although elevations into the normal range occurred at varying intervals after platelet infusion in two of three pigs investigated. Infusion of factor VIII-deficient plasma from a canine hemophiliac elicited a factor VIII response similar to that described in von Willebrand’s disease patients infused with plasma from factor VIII-deficient human hemophiliacs. In none of these experiments was there any apparent correction of the bleeding time.
Protein Synthesis by Human Blood Platelets after Accumulation of Leucine and Arginine
Authors: Boullin D.J , Votavova M , Green A.R
Published: June 2018

Human blood platelets resuspended in calcium-free Krebs solution accumulated radioactive L-leucine and L-arginine. The tissue/medium concentration ratio (Ci/Co) was greater than 10:1 when Co was 10–7 M or lower. Accumulation was inhibited by incubation at 4° C, the presence of metabolic inhibitors or platelet soniñcation at the beginning of the experiment. It is considered that these compounds are accumulated by energy-dependent processes against a concentration gradient.

In the presence of 19 other amino acids accumulation of leucine or arginine was greatly reduced. Under these conditions some incorporation of radioactivity into proteins occurred. However, incorporation was small. Both compounds were incorporated similarly despite the fact that arginine is metabolized to ornithine, whilst leucine has no detectable metabolites. This fact is discussed in relation to the possible physiological significance of platelet protein synthesis.