bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Prevention and Control in Dialysis Centers during the Pandemic: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Gan Liangying , Yang Bing , Wang Yan , Wang Ying , Zuo Li
Published: May 2021

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is highly contagious and is now a tragic pandemic. Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients are susceptible to COVID-19 and more prone to develop into severe cases because of the older age, heavy comorbidities, and impaired immunity. Patients who receive in-center dialysis have to travel to and from dialysis centers; patients have to share the dialysis hall with others during dialysis, making the prevention and control of COVID-19 in dialysis centers different from that in community and more difficult. This article provides key points in coping with COVID-19 in dialysis centers during this pandemic based on experience: (1) enforcing infection control management of dialysis centers, (2) training of hemodialysis patients and medical staffs, (3) screening for COVID-19 among patients and medical staffs, and (4) providing graded isolated dialysis to close contacts, suspected cases, and confirmed cases of COVID-19. We hope our single-center experience can be referenced by other dialysis centers around the world in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Preoperative Albumin-Globulin Ratio and Its Association with Perioperative and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Shinde Rajesh , Bhandare Manish Suresh , Chaudhari Vikram , Sarodaya Varun , Agarwal Vandana , Shrikhande Shailesh
Published: May 2021

Background: Systemic inflammatory response is involved in natural progression of cancers by different pathways. Albumin-globulin ratio (AGR) has been reported to have impact on prognosis in various solid tumors. Objective: To study the significance of AGR on perioperative and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing PD. Methods: This is a post hoc analysis of the pancreatic surgery database from January 2012 to March 2017. Cutoff value for AGR was calculated by using the receiver operating curve, and the study cohort was divided into group I (AGR ≥1) and group II (AGR <1). Two groups were compared for perioperative and long-term survival outcomes. Results: Two groups were comparable with respect to clinicodemographic variables. Groups I and II had similar perioperative outcomes (p > 0.05) like median hospital stay (14 vs. 15 days), clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (16.6 vs. 15.7%), hemorrhage (3.1 vs. 2.6%), bile leak (1.4 vs. 0.65%), overall morbidity (30.1 vs. 28.9%), and postoperative mortality (2.7 vs. 3.9%). With a median follow-up of 3 years, median survival, overall survival, and disease-free survival were similar in both groups. Conclusion: AGR at the cutoff value of ≥1 was not associated with adverse perioperative and long-term oncological outcomes after PD.
Socio-cultural determinants of female students’ participation in school sports in Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Ajadi Memunat Tunrayo , Kayode Falaye Elijah
Published: May 2021

The decline in female participation in school sports is undesirable because of the fact that it is considered to be for boys only. It is in light of this, the study was carried out to examine socio-cultural determinants of female students’ participation in school sports in Kogi State, Nigeria. The population was 3,290 female students while 310 respondents were sampled for this study. Three hypotheses were postulated and tested using inferential statistics of Chi-square to analyze the data. Questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The findings show that gender, cultural and religious belief served as a significant determinant of female participation in sports. Based on the finding, it was concluded that both male and female students should be encouraged to develop right attitude towards sports participation in schools so as to enhance gender equality in sports. There is need to sensitize the general public through various agents of socialization on how to change the negative cultural belief of people towards female participation in sports.
Peer tutoring analysis in inclusive classes using character education approach
Authors: Manubey Johana , Batlolona John Rafafy , Leasa Marleny
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to analyze peer tutoring in inclusive classes with character education approaches for elementary students. The target of this study were 30 teachers, 525 students, and 98 disabled students from nine elementary schools in East Sumba Regency. This research focused on changing the character of students with special needs or not using peer tutoring methods that are modified with various learning techniques. The results showed a change in the character of students with special needs and not with the peer tutoring method. Thus, peer tutoring can be recommended in improving learning skills and forming student character. Future studies are expected to show how peer tutoring shapes students' emotional intelligence in inclusive classes.
An assessment of genetic variation in vulnerable Borneo Ironwood Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm. & Binn. in Sarawak using SSR markers
Authors: Md-Isa Siti Fatimah , Yien Yong Christina Seok , Saleh Mohd Nazre , Go Rusea
Published: May 2021

Borneo Ironwood Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm. & Binn. has high market value for its valuable and durable timber, which has put it at risk due to illegal logging.  This study analysed E. zwageri genetic variation using four microsatellite markers in populations at Nirwana Rehabilitation Forest (NRF), and Tatau, Sarawak.  We found that 20.1% of total genetic variation corresponded to differences between populations, while 79.9% was attributed to differences among individuals from the same population.  The Tatau population had lower genetic diversity compared to NRF, and both populations showed depressed heterozygosity indicative of inbreeding.  Allelic data were also used to confirm variety level differences proposed by earlier workers, and three informal varieties: zwageri, grandis, and exilis were recognized in the study area.  It is expected that the results from this study could serve as baseline data for conservation of this vulnerable species.
Checklists of subfamilies Dryptinae and Panagaeinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae) from the Indian subcontinent
Authors: Jithmon J.A. , Sabu Thomas K.
Published: May 2021

Distribution patterns and literature details of 45 Dryptinae and 33 Panagaeinae species reported from the Indian subcontinent are provided.  Out of the 45 Dryptinae species, six species are endemic to the Western Ghats & Sri Lanka hotspot of biodiversity, two species are endemic to the Indo-Burma hotspot of biodiversity and two species are endemic to the Himalaya hotspot of biodiversity.  Distribution patterns revealed that 24 Dryptinae species are endemic to the Indian subcontinent with 22 species recorded from the Oriental (ORR) region and two from the Palearctic (PAR) region.  Out of the 33 Panagaeinae species, 20 species are endemic to the Indian subcontinent with 17 of these species distributed in the Oriental region; two in the Palearctic region and one species in both Oriental and Palearctic regions.  Seven species are endemic to the Western Ghats & Sri Lanka hotspot of biodiveristy and two endemic to the Himalaya hotspot of biodiversity.  Six Panagaeinae species and seven Dryptinae species recorded only from the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka hotspot of biodiversity are likely to be representatives of the Gondwana remnants.  Genus Ardistomopsis with five species is endemic to the Indian subcontinent.
Bat diversity in the Banpale forest, Pokhara, Nepal during spring season
Authors: Bhattarai Prabhat Kiran , Sharma Basant , Neupane Anisha , Kunwar Sunita , Dhungana Pratyush
Published: May 2021

Bat research in Nepal is limited and most areas remain to be explored.  Sparse research has been conducted in the Banpale forest and to improve the understanding of bat diversity, an updated species checklist was prepared.  Trapping surveys using mist nets were conducted at four different locations in the forest from March to May 2018.  This survey identified 55 individuals belonging to eight species within eight genera and four families.  Trapping locations near less disturbed forest edges and water resources were found to have higher bat diversity compared to highly disturbed areas (e.g., landslides and logging areas).  With information from survey and secondary source, we conclude that Banpale forest harbours 10 of the 53 bat species found in Nepal.  We recommend adopting practices to conserve the forest from landslides and minimizing illegal logging to conserve bat forest habitats.
Occurrence of Tamdil Leaf-litter Frog Leptobrachella tamdil (Sengupta et al., 2010) (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Manipur, India and its phylogenetic position
Authors: Decemson Ht , Vanlalsiammawii  , Biakzuala Lal , Vabeiryureilai Mathipi , Malsawmdawngliana Fanai , H.T. Lalremsanga
Published: May 2021

We present a new state record of Leptobrachella tamdil from Manipur State, northeastern India based on three individuals collected from Chakpi stream, Chandel District.  This record represents the range extension of the species as well as the easternmost distribution record.  We also provide additional morphological data as well as the first time genetic data for the species and inferred its phylogenetic position using mitochondrial 16S rRNA marker gene sequence.
Phantoms and Figments
Authors: Vieira Leitão José
Published: May 2021

This paper explores the parallels that can be observed between the Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa (1888–1935) and the English artist Austin Osman Spare (1886–1956). Although having quite different artistic backgrounds, they both arrived at complex spiritual theories and artistic production techniques associated with personality fragmentation and the emotional or intellectual exploration of alternative selves. While Pessoa and Spare are often regarded as exceptional artists and spiritual thinkers within their own environments, these similarities suggest a common familiarity with overarching themes and ideas expanding beyond their own restricted circles. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to question the exact nature of said esoteric and artistic exceptionality in light of the intellectual and artistic groups and movements surrounding them and propose a framework for the study of the overlap of occult and artistic circles in the late-nineteenth and early twentieth-centuries.
Stability and Trust in Federations with Ethnic Territories and a Secession Clause – Challenges and Opportunities for Ethiopia
Authors: Follesdal Andreas
Published: May 2021

How might Ethiopia maintain its federal structure and its territory? ‘Constitutional contestation’ in Ethiopia is fuelled by two factors: regions and political parties follow ethnic line; and the Ethiopian Constitution has a secession clause.

A central challenge is to secure sufficient political trust. The public must be assured that authorities and individuals across regional borders generally comply with the law. This requires authoritative, independent ways to settle disagreements and monitor compliance, including carefully designed multi-level checks and balances, representatives of regions in central decision making bodies, and a ‘competence police’. So we should welcome the prohibition of the 2019 Election Law against ethnically based political parties. Strong and credible human rights constraints together with free media and functioning opposition parties may also foster trusts,. This is one further reason why Ethiopia should grant the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACtHPR) jurisdiction to hear cases from ngo s and individuals.
Investor State Arbitration in a Changing World Order
Authors: Resar Alexander W. , Cheng Tai-Heng
Published: May 2021

In Investor State Arbitration in a Changing World Order, the authors examine the sustained worldwide challenges to investor state arbitration arising from across the political spectrum. These challenges have led to extensive and thoughtful proposals for reform from the international arbitration community, domestic lawmakers, and international bureaucrats. These reforms play an important role in the continuous evolution of investor state arbitration, and will enhance the quality of justice rendered. However, the authors argue, these reforms are insufficient to resolve the domestic political challenges that investor state arbitration faces. Only political solutions that justify for broad populations the international flow of capital and the independent resolution of disputes arising therefrom can preserve the institution of investor state arbitration. Absent the more equitable distribution of the benefits associated with the international flow of capital, political support for investor state arbitration will remain tenuous, notwithstanding the significant de-escalatory benefits investor state arbitration offers.
Cephenniini of the Philippines. Part 5. Three new species of Cephennomicrus Reitter (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: May 2021

Cephennomicrus Reitter of the Philippines is exceptionally poorly known, with only four nominal species recorded so far, two on Luzon, one on Palawan, and one on Leyte. Three more new species are described: C. palawanicus sp. n. (Palawan), C. impressus sp. n. (Palawan), and C. lagunensis sp. n. (Luzon). The latter species is unusual among all congeners in having a monstrously elongate aedeagus, longer than the abdomen.
Marriage and Masculinity: Male-Breadwinner Culture, Unemployment, and Separation Risk in 29 Countries
Authors: Gonalons-Pons Pilar , Gangl Markus
Published: May 2021

Scholars argue that gender culture, understood as a set of beliefs, norms, and social expectations defining masculinities and femininities, plays an important role in shaping when romantic relationships end. However, the relevance of gender culture is often underappreciated, in part because its empirical identification remains elusive. This study leverages cross-country variation in gender norms to test the hypothesis that gender culture conditions which heterosexual romantic relationships end and when. We analyze the extent to which male-breadwinning norms determine the association between men’s unemployment and couple separation. Using harmonized household panel data for married and cohabiting heterosexual couples in 29 countries from 2004 to 2014, our results provide robust evidence that male-breadwinner norms are a key driver of the association between men’s unemployment and the risk of separation. The magnitude of this mechanism is sizeable; an increase of one standard deviation in male-breadwinner norms increases the odds of separation associated with men’s unemployment by 32 percent. Analyses also show that the importance of male-breadwinner norms is strongest among couples for whom the male-breadwinner identity is most salient, namely married couples. By directly measuring and leveraging variation in the key explanatory of interest, gender culture, our study offers novel and robust evidence reinforcing the importance of gender norms to understand when romantic relationships end.
Analysis of Gabapentin’s Efficacy in Tinnitus Treatment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tavares Matheus Pedrosa , Bahmad Fayez
Published: May 2021

Objectives:

Tinnitus can be a chronic symptom that brings disability and distress. Some studies suggested that gabapentin might be effective on tinnitus relief. The objective of the study is to perform a systematic review in order to evaluate the efficacy of oral gabapentin in patients with tinnitus.

Methods:

A literature search was conducted in English and following the recommendations from PRISMA. The terms used were: (“tinnitus” OR “subjective tinnitus”) AND (“gabapentin”). The study selection was performed following the eligibility criteria in accordance to the PICOS (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, study design) strategy—patients with tinnitus; oral gabapentin; placebo; reduction of tinnitus severity questionnaires scores; prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, respectively. The selected studies were included in qualitative synthesis. The studies were analyzed according to Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal checklist for randomized controlled trials.

Results:

One hundred twenty-one studies were found in 9 databases and 8 studies were found in gray literature. After study selection, 6 articles were read in full. Then, 2 studies were excluded and 4 were included in qualitative synthesis. All 4 articles were analyzed according to critical evaluation checklist.

Conclusions:

There is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of gabapentin for patients with tinnitus.
Pediatric Single-Sided Deafness: A Review of Prevalence, Radiologic Findings, and Cochlear Implant Candidacy
Authors: Dewyer Nicholas A. , Smith Sullivan , Herrmann Barbara , Reinshagen Katherine L. , Lee Daniel J.
Published: May 2021

Objective:

To characterize the prevalence, imaging characteristics, and cochlear implant candidacy of pediatric patients with single-sided deafness (SSD).

Methods:

An audiometric database of patients evaluated at a large tertiary academic medical center was retrospectively queried to identify pediatric patients (<18 years old) with SSD, defined as severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss in one ear and normal hearing in the other. Medical records of identified patients were reviewed to characterize the prevalence, etiology, and cochlear implant candidacy of pediatric patients with SSD.

Results:

We reviewed audiometric data obtained from 1993 to 2018 for 52,878 children at our institution. 191 (0.36%) had the diagnosis of SSD. Cochlear nerve deficiency (either hypoplasia or aplasia) diagnosed on MRI and/or CT was the most common etiology of SSD and was present in 22 of 88 (25%) pediatric SSD patients with available imaging data. 70 of 106 (66%) pediatric SSD patients with available imaging had anatomy amenable to cochlear implantation.

Conclusions:

Pediatric SSD is a rare condition and the most common etiology based on radiology is cochlear nerve deficiency. High resolution imaging of the temporal bone is essential to determine cochlear nerve morphology prior to consideration of cochlear implantation.
Book review: Xu Jilin, Rethinking China’s Rise: A Liberal Critique
Authors: Hill Michael Gibbs
Published: May 2021

Xu Jilin, Rethinking China’s Rise: A Liberal Critique, Edited and translated by David Ownby (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), 218 pp., US$27.99, ISBN: 9781108456586 (paperback).
Book review: Cuiping Zhu. 2018. India’s Ocean: Can China and India Coexist?
Authors: Jacob Jabin T.
Published: May 2021

Cuiping Zhu. 2018. India’s Ocean: Can China and India Coexist? Singapore: Springer, pp. ix+193, Ä114.39.
Appraising the Economic Growth Prospects of China’s Services Sector
Authors: Khanapurkar Uday
Published: May 2021

This article examines the economic growth prospects of China’s services sector. Reportage on China’s economy and its data releases tends to focus largely on aggregate GDP growth, manufacturing growth, retail sales and investments, and fails to adequately cover services despite them being the largest contributor to growth. The article parses the growth of China’s various services subcomponents across a range of parameters and assesses that the industry has come under duress with a slowdown in complementary manufacturing and the dissipation of growth bubbles in finance and real estate. It is further observed that reforms necessary for spurring services growth are at a nascent stage, proceed slowly, and are imperilled by GDP growth targets that result in policies favouring the manufacturing industry. In sum, while China’s services growth prospects are hardly in dire jeopardy due to favourable demand-side conditions, achieving potential and affecting convergence with high income countries will necessitate the expedition of reforms and the engineering of a sustained high growth phase in the sector.
From the Climate Change Threat to the Securitisation of Development: An Analysis of China
Authors: Sahu Anjan Kumar
Published: May 2021

The climate change issue evolved as a significant policy priority within the China’s political establishment. The major factor that determines Beijing’s climate policy is the prevailing and potential climate change impact on the country’s economic development. As economic development is the foremost, pre-existing and abiding political concern, political leaders construct the climate change impact as a major threat to the country’s economic prosperity. Thus, political leaders’ overriding priority is to protect economic development—a referent object—from the perils of climate change. However, the interplay of climate threat and economic development drives political leaders to embrace security institution and develop military mind set to contend with climate-led development policies that trigger the securitisation of the development process in China. Employing the discourse analysis method, this paper examines the securitisation of development debate in China, especially at the domestic level, from the standpoint of the securitisation theory.
A Mixed-Methods Analysis of State-Level Population Data for Students With Visual Impairment and Blindness
Authors: Schles Rachel Anne , McCarthy Tessa , Blankenship Karen , Coy Justin
Published: May 2021

The prevalence of students with visual impairments varies across the United States, yet limited analysis exists on how many students receive special education services. The following study collected population data on students with visual impairments for the 2017–2018 school year and ran focus groups with state-level administrators to understand current and future options to collect population data. Twenty-three of 50 states responding to the survey reported total population data. On average, states supported 3.6 times the number of students with visual impairments reported in their federal Child Count data reports. State administrators agreed a federal mandate requiring states to collect total population data on students with visual impairments is needed. The ramifications of preparing for and supporting an unknown population of students with disabilities was discussed. A federal mandate for total population data collection is unlikely in the near future. Therefore, practical implications, including key factors and logistics, that state administrators should consider are outlined.
Opioid-Free Anesthesia: Physico Chemical Stability Studies on Multi-Analyte Mixtures Intended for Use in Clinical Anesthesiology
Authors: Schenkel Larissa , Vogel Kahmann Irene , Steuer Christian
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Opioid-free anesthesia is used increasingly often in hospitals around the world. In this type of anesthesia, opioids are replaced by other analgesics, such as ketamine, lidocaine, dexmedetomidine, and magnesium sulfate. Many clinicians prepare these agents as dual, triple, or quadruple admixtures within a single syringe. However, data on the stability of the individual substances within these preparations over time and in different storage conditions is very limited. Here, we aim to investigate various admixture of dexmedetomidine, ketamine, lidocaine, and magnesium sulfate with respect to the stability of the individual agents over time at different storage conditions. Methods: An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method coupled to mass spectrometric detection was developed and validated to determine the stability of lidocaine, ketamine, and dexmedetomidine. Quantification of magnesium was carried out in parallel by potentiometric titration. Results: Our results demonstrate the stability of dual, triple or quadruple mixtures of selected substances in 0.9% saline under different storage conditions. Under all conditions, analyzed admixtures remain stable for at least 8 weeks. The quadruple mixture of lidocaine, ketamine, dexmedetomidine, and magnesium sulfate was storable for as long as 148 days without a significant loss of analyte. Conclusion: A new chromatographic method was successfully developed to analyze the stability of various pharmacological agents commonly used by clinicians in opioid-free anesthesia. The data we obtained indicate that mixing these agents together in a single syringe is safe and reliable and suggest that hospital pharmacies may prepare these solutions in advance of planned surgeries.
Significant Published Articles in 2020 for Pharmacy Nutrition Support Practice
Authors: Dickerson Roland N. , Bingham Angela L. , Canada Todd W. , Chan Lingtak Neander , Cober M. Petrea , Cogle Sarah V. , Tucker Anne M. , Kumpf Vanessa J.
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to assist the pharmacist engaged in nutrition support therapy in staying current with pertinent literature. Methods: Several clinical pharmacists engaged in nutrition support therapy compiled a list of articles published in 2020 considered important to their clinical practice. The citation list was compiled into a single spreadsheet where the author participants were asked to assess whether the article was considered important to nutrition support pharmacy practice. A culled list of publications was then identified whereby at least 5 out of the 8 author participants considered the paper to be important. Guideline and consensus papers from professional organizations, important to practice but not ranked, were also included. Results: A total of 169 articles were identified; 5 from the primary literature were voted by the group to be of high importance. An additional 17 guidelines, position, recommendation, or consensus papers were also identified. The top-ranked articles from the primary literature were summarized and a narrative regarding its implications to pharmacy nutrition support practice were provided. Conclusion: We recommend that pharmacists engaged in nutrition support therapy be familiar with these articles as it pertains to their practice.
Lif Deficiency Leads to Iron Transportation Dysfunction in Ameloblasts
Authors: Fan L. , Ou Y.J. , Zhu Y.X. , Liang Y.D. , Zhou Y. , Wang Y.N.
Published: May 2021

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a member of the interleukin 6 family of cytokines, is involved in skeletal metabolism, blastocyst implantation, and stem cell pluripotency maintenance. However, the role of LIF in tooth development needs to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Lif deficiency on tooth development and to elucidate the functions of Lif during tooth development and the underlying mechanisms. First, it was found that the incisors of Lif-knockout mice had a much whiter color than those of wild-type mice. Although there were no structural abnormalities or defective mineralization according to scanning electronic microscopy and computed tomography analysis, 3-dimensional images showed that the length of incisors was shorter in Lif−/− mice. Microhardness and acid resistance assays showed that the hardness and acid resistance of the enamel surface of Lif−/− mice were decreased compared to those of wild-type mice. In Lif−/− mice, whose general iron status was comparable to that of the control mice, the iron content of the incisors was significantly reduced, as confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Prussian blue staining. Histological staining showed that the cell length of maturation-stage ameloblasts was shorter in Lif−/− mice. Likewise, decreased expression of Tfrc and Slc40a1, both of which are crucial proteins for iron transportation, was observed in Lif−/− mice and Lif-knockdown ameloblast lineage cell lines, according to quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. Moreover, the upregulation of Tfrc and Slc40a1 induced by Lif stimulation was blocked by Stattic, a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) signaling inhibitor. These results suggest that Lif deficiency inhibits iron transportation in the maturation-stage ameloblasts, and Lif modulates expression of Tfrc and Slc40a1 through the Stat3 signaling pathway during enamel development.
Oral Cancer Screening: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Warnakulasuriya S. , Kerr A.R.
Published: May 2021

Oral cancer is a major public health problem, and there is an increasing trend for oral cancer to affect young men and women. Public awareness is poor, and many patients present with late-stage disease, contributing to high mortality. Oral cancer is often preceded by a clinical premalignant phase accessible to visual inspection, and thus there are opportunities for earlier detection and to reduce morbidity and mortality. Screening asymptomatic individuals by systematic visual oral examinations to detect the disease has been shown to be feasible. A positive screen includes both oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders. We review key screening studies undertaken, including 1 randomized clinical trial. Screening of high-risk groups is cost-effective. Strengths and weaknesses of oral cancer screening studies are presented to help guide new research in primary care settings and invigorated by the prospect of using emerging new technologies that may help to improve discriminatory accuracy of case detection. Most national organizations, including the US Preventive Services Task Force, have so far not recommended population-based screening due a lack of sufficient evidence that screening leads to a reduction in oral cancer mortality. Where health care resources are high, opportunistic screening in dental practices is recommended, although the paucity of research in primary care is alarming. The results of surveys suggest that dentists do perform oral cancer screenings, but there is only weak evidence that screening in dental practices leads to downstaging of disease. Where health care resources are low, the feasibility of using primary health care workers for oral cancer screening has been tested, and measures indicate good outcomes. Most studies reported in the literature are based on 1 round of screening, whereas screening should be a continuous process. This review identifies a huge potential for new research directions on screening for oral cancer.
The Relationships Between COVID-19 Anxiety, Ageism, and Ableism
Authors: Arcieri Amanda A.
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is a source of anxiety globally, and lockdowns have increased anxiety symptoms, contributed to economic stress, and influenced an increase in prejudice, particularly prejudice directed at the elderly and people with disabilities. Terror management theory serves as an explanation for the association between COVID-19 anxiety, ageism, and ableism. Recruiting participants from Amazon MTurk, I assessed anxiety about COVID-19, ageism, and ableism. Hierarchical linear regression analyses demonstrate that COVID-19 anxiety is significantly associated with ageism, and with ableism, as well as age and gender. The results of this study have implications for the effect of COVID-19 anxiety on those who are most vulnerable in the current pandemic, particularly with regards to isolation and social connection; those who are most anxious about the pandemic might spend less time trying to connect with their older friends and relatives, and likewise for the people in their lives who might have a disability.
Vicarious Racism and Vigilance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mental Health Implications Among Asian and Black Americans
Authors: Chae David H. , Yip Tiffany , Martz Connor D. , Chung Kara , Richeson Jennifer A. , Hajat Anjum , Curtis David S. , Rogers Leoandra Onnie , LaVeist Thomas A.
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Experiences of vicarious racism—hearing about racism directed toward one’s racial group or racist acts committed against other racial group members—and vigilance about racial discrimination have been salient during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined vicarious racism and vigilance in relation to symptoms of depression and anxiety among Asian and Black Americans.

Methods

We used data from a cross-sectional study of 604 Asian American and 844 Black American adults aged ≥18 in the United States recruited from 5 US cities from May 21 through July 15, 2020. Multivariable linear regression models examined levels of depression and anxiety by self-reported vicarious racism and vigilance.

Results

Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, among both Asian and Black Americans, greater self-reported vicarious racism was associated with more symptoms of depression (Asian: β = 1.92 [95% CI, 0.97-2.87]; Black: β = 1.72 [95% CI, 0.95-2.49]) and anxiety (Asian: β = 2.40 [95% CI, 1.48-3.32]; Black: β = 1.98 [95% CI, 1.17-2.78]). Vigilance was also positively related to symptoms of depression (Asian: β = 1.54 [95% CI, 0.58-2.50]; Black: β = 0.90 [95% CI, 0.12-1.67]) and anxiety (Asian: β = 1.98 [95% CI, 1.05-2.91]; Black: β = 1.64 [95% CI, 0.82-2.45]).

Conclusions

Mental health problems are a pressing concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results from our study suggest that heightened racist sentiment, harassment, and violence against Asian and Black Americans contribute to increased risk of depression and anxiety via vicarious racism and vigilance. Public health efforts during this period should address endemic racism as well as COVID-19.
Research on the dynamic identification method of weak parts in cantilever structures
Authors: Guo Tieneng , Meng Lingjun , Hua Xu , Zhou Cheng , Peng Liwei
Published: May 2021

Determining the weak parts of a structure is one of the key issues in the field of machine tool stiffness improvement. However, studies show that overcoming the static deformation with acquisition difficulty is a complex problem in practical structures. This study considers the machine tool cantilever structure, as a cantilever beam and bar structure, where the objective is to propose a weakness index, to identify the weak part, using system reconstruction to extract the measured static deformation data and the fitting data. Stiffness reduction is used to simulate weak parts, while the effectiveness of the method is evaluated, in the case of various weakness values and of different noise levels, using the finite element simulation approach. The validity of the proposed method is illustrated through comparison of the theoretical results to the experimental ones, using the cantilever structure of a test machine tool. The research content provides some means of improving the machining accuracy of machine tools.
Algorithm for the torque sensorless worm gearbox servo application based on kinetic motion/friction realization
Authors: Homaeinezhad Mohammad Reza , Adineh Shayan
Published: May 2021

This paper provides an effective systematic procedure for the efficient treatment of worm gearboxes for industrial-grade cases. The accurate and general dynamic model of the worm gearbox is analytically obtained and the effects of the dominant factors, such as the disturbance torque and friction between the teeth and threads, are also addressed. A universal algorithm is proposed for accurate estimation of the disturbance torque that makes no utilization of any designated sensing unit. Numerous experimentations have been conducted to validate the proposed procedure and algorithm. The contributions of this paper are not limited to worm gearboxes but rather are extendable to all other conventional gearboxes that use similar power transmission methods. The gradient patterns of the normal force, the friction force, and the coefficient of friction in worm gearboxes are also identified as a function of the effective elements, such as the output loading torque and angular velocity.
Family Practices and Temporality at Breakfast: Hot Spots, Convenience and Care
Authors: Pirani Daniela , Harman Vicki , Cappellini Benedetta
Published: May 2021

Drawing on 34 semi-structured interviews, this study investigates the temporality of family practices taking place in the hot spot. It does so by looking at how breakfast is inserted in the economy of family time in Italy. Our data show that breakfast, contrary to other meals, allows the adoption of more individualised and asynchronous practices, hinged on the consumption of convenience products. These time-saving strategies are normalised as part of doing family. Although the existing literature suggests that convenience and care are in opposition, and consumers of convenience products can experience anxiety and a lack of personal integrity, such features were not a dominant feature of our participants’ accounts. These findings suggest that the dichotomies of hot/cold spots and care/convenience are not always experienced in opposition when embedded within family practices. Hence, this study furthers understandings of family meals, temporality and the distinction between hot and cold spots.
Habitus Adaptation and First-Generation University Students’ Adjustment to Higher Education: A Life Course Perspective
Authors: Ivemark Biörn , Ambrose Anna
Published: May 2021

In recent years, research has brought attention to the heterogeneity of resources that first-generation students bring with them to higher education and the factors that assist in these students’ social and academic adjustment to university life. However, few studies have focused on how these students’ early socialization and experiences over the life course influence their adjustment experiences to university. Drawing on Bourdieu’s habitus concept to explore the life histories of first-generation students at a midranked Swedish university, we identify three types of adjustment profiles—Adjusters, Strangers, and Outsiders—and highlight five key factors over the life course that explain why they differ: family resources, early social environment, educational experiences and opportunities, peers, and partners. Our findings suggest that class-related adjustment challenges in college can be traced to different levels of cultural capital acquired during first-generation students’ early socialization but also to capital acquired through sustained contact with cultural capital–abundant social environments throughout their life course, resulting in subtle but consequential habitus adaptations. This study extends previous research in the field by exploring a broader set of social contexts that can spur first-generation students’ cultural capital acquisition before college and facilitate their adjustment to higher education.
The preparation of antibacterial eco-friendly bio-based PTT-based β-cyclodextrin by complexation of copper and zinc ions
Authors: Zhang Jinping , Qu Lingxi , Lin Yao , Guo Zhiguang , Cai Zaisheng , Ge Fengyan
Published: May 2021

There has been an increasing focus on antibacterial textiles owing to their widespread applications in global public health. In this study, we prepared antibacterial bio-based poly (trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) by multi-crosslinking with citric acid among PTT and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and then adsorbing zinc and copper ions. The results show that β-cyclodextrin was successfully grafted onto the surface of PTT. The adsorption amounts of Zn2+ and Cu2+ on β-CD/PTT were investigated by ICP and FE-SEM, which showed that Zn2+ and Cu2+ penetrated the fabric surface. Moreover, under optimal adsorption conditions, the adsorption capacity of Zn2+ and Cu2+ are about 34 mg/g and 50 mg/g, respectively. During antibacterial test, the bactericidal rates of β-CD/Cu2+/PTT reached 90.75% for E. coli and 85.36% for S. aureus, and the bactericidal rates of β-CD/Zn2+/PTT are 80.48% for E. coli and 73.10% for S. aureus. Functionalized PTT fabrics with eco-environmental and sustainable performance may have promising application in the field of antibacterial fabrics.
Thick Concepts in Economics: The Case of Becker and Murphy’s Theory of Rational Addiction
Authors: Djordjevic Charles , Herfeld Catherine
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we examine the viability of avoiding value judgments encoded in thick concepts when these concepts are used in economic theories. We focus on what implications the use of such thick concepts might have for the tenability of the fact/value dichotomy in economics. Thick concepts have an evaluative and a descriptive component. Our suggestion is that despite attempts to rid thick concepts of their evaluative component, economists are often not successful. We focus on the strategy of explication to remove the evaluative component of thick concepts and argue that often economists either have to make value judgments or are unable to individuate out the phenomenon under analysis. We support our claim with a case study, namely the concept of addiction in Gary Becker and Kevin Murphy’s Theory of Rational Addiction (1988). One consequence of our analysis is that theories containing thick concepts could commit economists to making value judgments and as such undermine the fact/value dichotomy.
Two Theories of Hegemony: Stuart Hall and Ernesto Laclau in Conversation
Authors: Colpani Gianmaria
Published: May 2021

This essay stages a critical conversation between Stuart Hall and Ernesto Laclau, comparing their different appropriations of Antonio Gramsci’s theory of hegemony. In the 1980s, Hall and Laclau engaged with Gramsci and with one another in order to conceptualize what they regarded as a triangular relation between the rise of Thatcherism, the crisis of the Left, and the emergence of new social movements. While many of their readers emphasize the undeniable similarities and mutual influences that exist between Hall and Laclau, this essay focuses on the differences between their theories of hegemony and locates the starkest contrast between them at the level of theoretical practice. While the main lesson that Hall drew from Gramsci was the privileging of conjunctural analysis, Laclau proceeded to locate the concept of hegemony at a higher level of abstraction, developing a political ontology increasingly indifferent to any specific conjuncture. The essay argues that this difference between conjunctural analysis and political ontology has a significant impact on Hall’s and Laclau’s respective understandings of two key political formations: populism and identity politics. Thus by focusing on these two formations, the essay argues that Hall’s work should not be read as a derivative or even undertheorized version of Laclau’s, for this tendency obscures substantial differences between their interventions as well as the fact that Hall’s theory of hegemony, as a theory of the conjuncture, ultimately possesses stronger explanatory power than Laclau’s political ontology.
Why Hong Kong millennial Christians switch from Chinese local churches to international churches: A qualitative study
Authors: Snelgrove John , Chan Natalie , Alison Hui Kar Yan
Published: May 2021

In the past few years, there has been an observable phenomenon of Hong Kong millennial Christians moving from Chinese-speaking local churches to English-speaking international churches. To understand the reasons behind the movement, 30 Hong Kong millennial Christians who moved from local churches to international churches were interviewed in this study in four focus groups. Reasons for their movement include: local churches feel like formal education, churches emphasize works over grace, and churches are out of touch and irrelevant from the needs and struggles of millennials’ everyday lives. The international churches are more welcomed by Hong Kong millennial Christians as they have more to offer, including vulnerable leadership, approachable worship style, and a stronger sense of community. The results indicate the faith experience and challenges faced by Hong Kong millennial Christians in the postmodern culture, especially in the unique context of Hong Kong where Eastern culture meets Western. The research suggests a set of recommendations for churches wishing to attract and retain millennials, including the importance for churches to understand their congregants, be prepared for changes, be open to embrace and build an authentic genuine community of faith, and to own a clearly articulated vision. These will be truly helpful in cultivating the spiritual growth of our younger generations to find their place in these millennial-friendly churches.
Enforceability of rights in the temporary agency sector: The case of Belgium
Authors: Bosmans Kim , De Moortel Deborah , Vanroelen Christophe
Published: May 2021

This study explores why temporary agency workers are disadvantaged compared to regular workers regarding their employment-related and social rights in Belgium despite extensive equal rights regulation. Fifteen in-depth interviews among temporary agency workers were analysed thematically. The enforceability of rights poses the main problem in temporary agency workers’ disadvantaged position. The following manifestations of a lack of enforceability are discussed: (1) lack of enforceability due to ignorance and indifference about rights; (2) vulnerability hindering enforceability; and (3) lack of enforceability due to misuse by employers and cutting corners. It is argued that this problem of enforceability is mainly caused by a lack of a clear allocation of responsibilities as to who should ensure the rights of temporary agency workers.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea as the First Symptom of Metastatic Prostate Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ostrowska Magdalena , Wróbel Maciej J.
Published: May 2021

The most common cause of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea is damage to the skull base with a dura mater’s rupture due to an accident or an iatrogenic injury. This applies to over 96% of cases. Other possibilities that can lead to CSF leakage are neoplasms of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx. Although prostate cancer spreads to bones, cranial metastases to paranasal sinuses are extremely rare. We present a case of an 83-year-old patient with CSF leakage due to infiltrating metastatic prostate cancer. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea turned out to be the first symptom of prostate cancer metastasis. Diagnostic and treatment strategies are presented in the discussion.
Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia of the External Auditory Canal; Reconstruction of a Complex Defect
Authors: Torres Fuentes Carlos Eduardo , López González Paula Alejandra
Published: May 2021

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia (AH) was first described by Wells and Whimster in 1969 as a benign vasoproliferative pathology with a varied infiltrate of eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasmatic cells. Clinical presentation has been described in the literature as small red-bluish nodules, less than 3 cm in diameter that can bleed in 25% of the cases and be pruritic and painful in 37% and 20% of the cases, respectively. Particularly, AH can appear in the ear; nevertheless, other regions have been affected, including the scalp, lips, tongue, orbit, muscle, and bone. Most of these cases have occurred in adults with an unknown etiology; however, an inflammatory process has been associated in approximately 20% with eosinophilia. No malignancy has been reported.