bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accountability in Malaysian Islamic Social Enterprises (ISEs): Stakeholder Versus Management Perspectives
Authors: Kamaruddin Muhammad Iqmal Hisham , Md Auzair Sofiah
Published: January 2021

This study compares stakeholder and management perspectives on accountability practices in Malaysian Islamic Social Enterprises (ISEs). Two sets of questionnaires were used in the survey for this study. The first set was answered randomly by 100 ISE stakeholders, and the second set was answered by the management from 102 Malaysian ISEs. The findings showed that both ISE stakeholders and ISE management have mixed agreement for all six proposed accountability dimensions. Based on this result, Malaysian ISEs need to improve their accountability practices, particularly with regard to input, output and procedures. The accountability measurement proposed in this study could also be used by other ISEs as indicators to evaluate their accountability practices.
SUSTAINING INNOVATIVE INFORMAL EDUCATION THROUGH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Authors: Wahid Ratnaria , Ismail Norafidah , Mat Bakri , Saidin Khaliza
Published: January 2021

Various technological innovations in ICT have brought about profound changes in major aspects of education, namely the content delivery or pedagogy, and the structure or management of both formal and informal education. Current technology has also offered the ease of copying or reusing new innovation without the need to acknowledge or compensate the creators. New books, and methods or techniques can easily be copied and digital resources may speedily be scanned and forwarded without much regard to the creators’ effort or investment. These actions would potentially discourage creations of new innovations that would be useful for public lifelong learning. Understanding cultural perspectives in the relationship between the intellectual property system and religious works is significant since it analyzes the intersection of belief and culture with the application of the law. This paper explored the development of creativity and innovation in an informal education setting, specifically looking at Quranic teaching offered by private enterprises in Malaysia as a case study. This paper examined (a) to what extent the Quranic teaching and learning have been innovatively developed and (b) to what extent developers of new innovation in Quranic teaching and learning deem it necessary to protect their creations under intellectual property rights protection. This study utilized qualitative research, by way of document analysis gathered from reports, brochures, journal articles, newspapers, the Internet, websites and mass media focusing on the creativity and innovation in informal religious education. It also conducted semi-structured interviews with several companies that used new innovative methods in teaching the Quran. The findings revealed that although intellectual property protection is seen as a valuable business asset which provides legal recognition and acts as quality control, intellectual property protection plays a minimal role in encouraging innovation or the spread of Quranic teaching.
THE PRE-CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATION TO CONFIDENTIALITY OF INFORMATION IN THE PALESTINIAN CIVIL CODE DRAFT AND ITS ROLE IN MAINTAINING ECONOMIC CONTRACTUAL EQUILIBRIUM
Authors: Amayreh Osama Ismail Mohammad , Mohamad Zakr Izura Masdina , Tehrani Pardis Moslemzadeh , Shandi Yousef Mohammad
Published: January 2021

It is inconceivable that a person can be legally obliged to provide influential information to another party in order to contract freely and in an enlightened manner without requiring the latter to maintain the confidentiality of the exchanged information between the parties. In this context, Article 2.1.16 of the UNIDROIT principles of International Commercial Contracts and Article 1112-2 of the French Decree N 131-2016, etc. tend to apply the obligation to confidentiality of information at the pre-contracting phase as one of the most substantial principles governing this phase. However, the Palestinian legislature, having ignored enacting legal provisions obliging the parties to maintain the confidentiality of information in the pre-contracting phase, caused legislative deficiencies in the legislative remedies of the subject of confidentiality of information in the pre-contracting phase. A such, as a prime objective, this paper seeks to suggest orientations for the formulation of provisions for the obligation to maintain confidentiality of information in the Palestinian Civil Code Draft. Thus, an analytical comparative approach -with the French civil code- is used, while alluding briefly to German and English law, as to illustrate the Palestinian legislative deficiencies and the urgent need to legislate a legal article obligating the negotiating parties to maintain confidentiality of information, in order to contribute to the stability of civil and commercial transactions. In this regard, contractual equilibrium entails that the obligation to maintain confidentiality of information has its own independent essence from all the theories that the jurisprudence adopted as a legal basis for this obligation.
RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT AND EMOTIONAL EXHAUSTION: THE CASE OF HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS IN TURKEY
Authors: Bilge Mehmet Emin , Karasu Rauf , Ibrahim Merve Aysegul Kulular
Published: January 2021

Right to development covers economic, social, cultural, and political development. Encouraging its subjects to participate actively in economic, social, cultural, and political development, right to development has significant impact on each person. Although it is wide in scope, person, being the central subject of development, this study focuses on right to development of health care professionals limited to doctors and nurses. This paper assessed right to development of health care staff, considering their work conditions and other demographic characteristics. For the implementation of regulations regarding to right to development, a significant fieldwork covering 20 health care institutions in three cities of Turkey was successfully completed. In this fieldwork, Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used for data collection. This article assessed emotional exhaustion of 185 health workers via SPSS program. The analyse found that education status and type of health care institution have effect on emotional exhaustion while other demographic characteristics such as work experience, annual income or the city were found non-effective on emotional exhaustion of health care professionals. Considering results of this fieldwork, the correlation of emotional exhaustion with the right to development was discussed. The findings reveal that the fear of aggression, lack of sufficient trainings, defamation or mobbing by senior doctors are potential adverse effects causing emotional exhaustion of health workers. To decrease emotional exhaustion caused by work, institutions are suggested to provide ongoing training or a sustainable method for decrement of patient burden and workload. Last but not least, as a sustainable solution, a national wide precise legal monitoring mechanism covering both public and private, ordinary and university health care institutions is strictly offered to be created for prevention of infringement on right to development of medical staff.
KONSEP LIABILITI DAN PEMBERIAN PAMPASAN GANTI RUGI DALAM KEMALANGAN JALAN RAYA MENURUT PERUNDANGAN ISLAM
Authors: Mohd Khair Siti Khadijah , Md Dahlan Nuarrual Hilal , Wahab Harlida
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK Aspek liabiliti dan pemberian pampasan ganti rugi merupakan perkara utama dalam membincangkan isu kesalahan kecuaian di dalam kes kemalangan jalan raya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa konsep liabiliti dalam kemalangan jalan raya menurut perundangan Islam dengan memfokuskan kepada kesalahan kecuaian dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Dhaman atau denda ganti rugi dalam kajian ini akan menekankan prinsip khusus dan pendekatan ke atas aspek perlanggaran di jalan raya di dalam perundangan Islam. Kajian perpustakaan digunakan untuk liabiliti di dalam kes-kes perlanggaran berteraskan Al¬Quran, sunnah, ijma’ dan qiyas. Seterusnya ia menghubungkaitkan pemakaian konsep ini dengan kesalahan kecuaian menyebabkan perlanggaran di dalam kemalangan jalan raya. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan prinsip ‘penyebab’ dalam perundangan Islam amat jelas pemakaian dan perkaitannya di dalam menentukan liabiliti sama ada kes perlanggaran berlaku di daratan, lautan atau di ruang udara. Konsep liabiliti turut terpakai bagi menentukan tanggungan kecuaian dan pemberian pampasan ganti rugi oleh pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam membina struktur jalan, jambatan, terowong dan lain-lain. Konsep ini juga berhubung dengan jalan raya sekiranya tanggungan bukan pada pemandu yang tidak bersalah dan tidak cuai. ABSTRACT The aspects of liability and compensation have been key points when discussing the issue of negligence in road traffic accidents. This article aims to analyze the concept of liability in road accidents, in accordance to Islamic law, that focuses on negligence by using a qualitative approach. The application of ‘dhaman’ or the compensation of damages, is a broad concept that will be examined in this study. Furthermore, this study will review the specific principles and approaches on collisions of road traffic within the Islamic law. The methodology carried out employs the use of library study to analyze the concept of liability in cases of collisions, based on the Al-Quran, sunnah, ijma’ and qiyas with regards to the application of ‘dhaman’ on the negligence that have resulted in collisions from road accidents. The research outcome suggests that the ‘causal’ principle in Islamic law is very clear on its application and relevance in determining the liability of either a case of collision that has occurred on the road, ocean or in air. The concept of liability is also applied to determine the liability of negligence and awarded compensation by the parties that are involved in constructing the roads, bridges, tunnels and other structures that are associated with the road, if the liability does not fall upon the innocent and negligent drivers.
Board of Directors, Audit Committee, Executive Compensation and Tax Avoidance of Banking Companies in Indonesia
Authors: Idzniah Utami Nuur Lailatul , Bernawati Yustrida
Published: January 2021

Tax avoidance is the hottest issue in the last five years. It is reinforced with the Tax Amnesty Program by the Directorate General of Taxation (DJP), which began in June 2016. Therefore, this study aims to obtain empirical evidence of the influence of good corporate governance and executive compensation on corporate tax avoidance. This study used 215 banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for 2014-2018. This study using a purposive sampling method that produced 119 suitable samples. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis through IBM SPSS Statistics 25 software. Computation of tax avoidance is proxied by computing of Effective Tax Rates (ETR). Good corporate governance is proxied by the size of the board of directors and the audit committee, and executive compensation is proxied by all director compensations. The size of the audit committee is a total of the audit committee in one period. The size of the board of directors is the total of the board committee in one period. This study used ROA and Leverage as a control variable. In this study, it was found that executive compensation and good corporate governance, which was proxied by the Size of the board of directors and the Size of the audit committee shown a positive effect on tax avoidance. Investors who do not want tax avoidance must pay attention to executive compensation and good corporate governance in the company. In contrast, control variables have not significant effect on tax avoidance.
Ownership Structure and Firm Value of Quoted Consumers Goods Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Oyedokun Godwin Emmanuel , Isah Shehu , Awotomilusi Niyi Solomon
Published: January 2021

This study examined the ownership structure's effect on the firms' value of quoted manufacturing firms (consumer goods) in Nigeria for 2010-2018. The total numbers of quoted consumer goods firms in the Nigeria stock exchange as of 31st December 2018 were twenty-one (21). A judgmental sampling technique was used to sample nineteen (19) consumer goods firms for the study. The study sought to examine whether ownership structure proxy by managerial Ownership, Institutional Ownership, foreign Ownership, and ownership concentration affect firms' values of quoted consumer goods in Nigeria. Data were collected from secondary sources through the annual reports and accounts of sampled consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study adopted a panel regression technique as a tool of analysis. The result showed a negative effect of managerial ownership on firm value. While institutional Ownership, foreign Ownership, and Ownership concentration all positively affect the firm value of consumer goods firms in Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommends that the numbers of shares held by management should be reduced to increase the firm value of the listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria.
Firm Life Cycle and Investment Inefficiency: Empirical Study in Indonesian Stock Exchange
Authors: Guntoro Amelia Graciosa , JASF Gracia , Juliana Rita
Published: January 2021

This paper investigates whether the firm's life cycle stages carry out free cash flow efficiently or not before their investment performance. We utilize cash flow patterns to classify firms into five several life cycles stages. Our data consists of non-financial firms listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2008-2018. We find evidence that Indonesian firms in the introduction, growth, and shakeout stage are underinvesting. This paper also shows that firms in decline stage are overinvested. The characteristic of the mature firm includes that firms with high cash flow will tend to overinvest. However, contrasting with mature firms' common characteristics, our results show that Indonesian firms in maturity stage tend to underinvest. The results also imply that the government should acknowledge the existence of Indonesian firms' investment inefficiency problem. Overall, this paper contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on Indonesia's investment inefficiency phenomena. It is suggested that further research may select a different method in calculating growth opportunities and may also study private firms since it tends to have higher financial constraints.
A COMPREHENSIVE DESCRIPTION OF EX-VITRO ROOTING OF PISTACHIO ROOTSTOCKS GROWN IN PHOTOMIXOTROPHIC AND PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC CONDITION
Authors: Mahmoudi Meimand Mohammad Javad , Shamshiri Mohammad Hossein , Malekzadeh Khalil , Dehghani Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2021

As a basic principle, ex-vitro rhizogenesis increases the micropropagation efﬁciency of Micro propagation in any plant from both biological and economic viewpoints. In the current study, we surveyed the effects of number of air exchanges along with sucrose concentration on in-vitro rooting of two pistachio rootstocks consisting of UCB1 and Qazvini versus ex-vitro rooting. Based on our findings for the UCB1 rootstock, microshoot ex-vitro rooting reached the highest percentage (63.70 %) after six weeks' treatment with indole butyric acid (IBA) (5000 ppm) and free naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), while for Qazvini rootstock treated with NAA (6000 ppm) along with IBA (5000 ppm), rooting achieved 35.06%. Photomixotrophic resulted from decreasing sucrose concentration from 30 to 15 (g L-1) in corporation with ventilation condition increased UCB1 rooting (67.89%) as well as plant survival (58.34%). For Qazvini rootstock, maximum sucrose concentration (30 g L-1) improved rooting parameters. For in-vitro rooting experiment, rooting percentage of UCB1 plantlets as well as the main and lateral produced roots were higher in media supplemented with (1 mg l-1) IBA, free NAA, and BA. Regarding Qazvini rootstock, the highest in-vitro rooting percentage (43.75%) and root length were associated with the media supplemented with BA (0.5 mg l-1), IBA (2 mg l-1), and NAA (2 mg l-1). As a result, for both the studied rootstocks, better rooting parameters were observed in the ex-vitro rooted microshoots than in-vitro rooted.
GGV und HMA Österreichisches und Europäisches Design- und Musterschutzrecht - Band 2
Authors: Thiele Clemens
Published: January 2021

Systematischer Praxiskommentar zum Musterschutzrecht Dieses Werk vervollständigt den auf zwei Bände angelegten "Österreichischen und Europäischen Designrechtskommentar". Das Gesamtwerk bietet Anwenderinnen und Anwendern einen systematischen Praxiskommentar für einen schnellen Zugriff auf Lösungen, die mit der Rechtsprechung und den unionsrechtlichen Vorgaben im Einklang stehen. Kernstück von Band II bildet die Kommentierung der Gemeinschaftsgeschmacksmusterverordnung (GGV). Diese hat vor fast zwanzig Jahren ein unionsweites Recht des geistigen Eigentums, das sogenannte Gemeinschaftsgeschmacksmuster (GGM) oder - moderner ausgedrückt - das Unionsdesign geschaffen. Ein auf die einzelne Regelung abgestimmtes Literaturverzeichnis sowie ein klares Gliederungsschema erleichtern den raschen Zugriff auf Tatbestandelemente und Rechtsfolgen. Ein verfahrensrechtlicher Abschnitt rundet die Kommentierung ab. Der zweite Teil des Werkes enthält die durchgängige Erläuterung des Haager Musterabkommens (HMA). Über 1.200 Entscheidungen von EuGH, EuG, EGMR, OGH, BGH, BPatG, österr und dt OLG sowie LG, BK-EUIPO und NA-EUIPO wurden in das Werk systematisch eingearbeitet und verständlich gemacht.
Características nutricionais do solo e das folhas no cultivo de Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng
Authors: Borba Elizabeth Regina de Castro , Mubárack Thiago Castro , Luz Tássio Rômulo Silva Araújo , Silveira Daniella Patrícia Brandão , Silva Ana Zélia , Figueiredo Patrícia de Maria Silva , Monteiro Odair dos Santos , Fernandes Yan Michel Lopes , Paula Maria do Livramento de , Vilanova Crisálida Machado , Coutinho Denise Fernandes
Published: January 2021

Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng., da família Lamiaceae, tem propriedades terapêuticas e nutricionais atribuídas aos seus compostos fitoquímicos naturais, que são altamente valorizados na indústria farmacêutica. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as condições nutricionais ofertadas por dois tipos de adubações orgânicas no cultivo dessa espécie e verificar o aproveitamento desses nutrientes pelas folhas do vegetal. A pesquisa foi realizada com adubação de estercos avícola e bovino associados (Tratamento A) e adubação apenas com esterco bovino (Tratamento B). Foram mensuradas as propriedades do solo em relação ao: pH, soma das bases (SB), complexo sortivo, teor disponível de fósforo, enxofre e de micronutrientes, saturação do complexo sortivo por bases e capacidade de troca de cátions (CTC). Na diagnose foliar foi realizada a determinação dos teores de macronutrientes e de micronutrientes. O Tratamento B aumentou os teores de Ca e Mg, SB e CTC no solo. O Tratamento A elevou os teores de P, Fe, Mn e Cu no solo e de N (30,8 g/kg), P (4,9 g/kg), B (59 mg/dm3), Cu (19,1 mg/dm3), Fe (615 mg/dm3) e Zn (57 mg/dm3) nas folhas de Plectranthus amboinicus. Houve melhora do teor nutricional das folhas da espécie em estudo pela utilização de esterco avícola associado ao esterco bovino na adubação do solo.
Existing potentials in Insect Growth Regulators (IGR) for crop pest control
Authors: Apolinário Raul , Feder Denise
Published: January 2021

The aim of this review is to explore the potentials existing in insecticides that are considered Insect Growth Regulators (IGR) for the control of insects considered crop pests, with an observation of the main mechanisms of neuroendocrine modifications, development and viability of the species used as study models. The data search on digital platforms, as well as the screening of materials about crop pests, resulted in 74 IGR references and their potentials. The analysis of the information found demonstrated a greater use in works of compounds belonging to chitin synthesis inhibitors class; and orders such as Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Thysanoptera and Diptera were represented in the studies. The main types of activities reunited were morphological and anatomical modifications, reproductive modifications, alterations in developmental stage, alterations in developmental period, ovicidal activity, larvicidal/ninficidal activity and fagoinhibition. The congregated knowledge about the main pests used as study models, the main IGRs compounds and their biological potentials allow an evaluation of their use as an informative source for crop pest control methods.
Artificial aeration promotes better zootechnical performance and physiological balance of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) cultivated in a system without continuous water flow (Amazon: Brazil)
Authors: Porto Marlos Oliveira , Cavali Jucilene , Medeiros Ivan Dias de , Soares Maiza Oliveira , Dantas Filho Jerônimo Vieira , Ferreira Antônio Marcos , Dias Ademilson de Assis , Santana Santina Rodrigues
Published: January 2021

The aimed of the study was to evaluate the effect of continuous artificial aeration on zootechnical performance, hematological characteristics and glucose concentration of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) cultivated in a system without water flow. The study was conducted with two treatments, with aeration and without artificial aeration. Were 600 tambaqui juveniles with an average initial weight of 15 ± 0.15g were distributed in two excavated tanks. Thirty fish were captured per cultivation unit to perform monthly biometric measurements and were subjected to blood collection to determine hematological parameters. There was no difference between hematological variables (p<0.05). However, the continuous use of artificial aeration provided fish with more comfortable conditions, resulting in greater performance (p<0.05) in up to 90 days of cultivation, with an average daily weight gain of 4.82 g compared to 4.49g to the system without artificial aeration. It can be inferred that fish grown in a system without artificial aeration presented, when compared to those raised in a system with continuous artificial aeration, smaller values (p<0.05) of growth, both in weight and in length, consequently the continuous use of the aerator provided favorable conditions for the fish, resulting in average daily weight gain and total biomass gain.
“Aprender juntos para trabalhar juntos”: competências colaborativas desenvolvidas por integrantes de um grupo tutorial do pet-saúde interprofissionalidade
Authors: Almeida Gizelle Noronha , Freitas Cibelly Aliny Siqueira Lima , Leão Maria Cecília do Carmo , Flor Sandra Maria Carneiro , Rodrigues Walyson Araújo , Dias Maria Socorro de Araújo
Published: January 2021

Estudo com o objetivo de descrever as competências desenvolvidas pelos integrantes de um grupo tutorial do PET-Saúde Interprofissionalidade, a partir das ações realizadas no primeiro ano de implementação do Projeto. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, desenvolvido pelo grupo tutorial do pet interprofissional do município de Sobral, no qual está vinculado a Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Universidade Federal do Ceará e a Escola de Saúde Pública Visconde de Sabóia, através da Secretaria de Saúde de Sobral. A experiência retrata as ações desenvolvidas no período desde Abril de 2019 até Agosto de 2020 por 14 integrantes, sendo dois tutores, quatro preceptores e oito monitores dos cursos de enfermagem, educação física, medicina, odontologia e psicologia, por meio de rodas de conversa no grupo tutorial, onde foi feito uma revisão ao Projeto Pet Saúde Interprofissionalidade Sobral e o relatório semestral, elencando as competências identificadas e classificando-as em específicas, comuns e colaborativas. A experiência da integração das diferentes formações tornou-se possível identificar as ações desenvolvidas de forma perceptível, onde foi manifestada pelos monitores, preceptores e tutores nos relatos das ações e enquadrá-las de acordo com as  competências: específicas, comuns e colaborativas,  desenvolvidas com os discentes e profissionais de saúde. A participação no PET- Saúde- Interprofissional, as diretrizes das competências foram potencializadas em meio às ações realizadas pelos participantes entre si e juntos ao sistema de saúde. Portanto, é de relevância na prática interprofissional, que os ideais das competências sejam implementados integralmente na  perspectiva da interprofissionalidade.
A contribuição da comunicação alternativa PECS - (método por troca de figuras) na comunicação funcional de crianças autistas
Authors: Luz Francisca Wérica Teixeira , Branco Aracy Teresa Castelo
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral analisar o aumento das interações funcionais da criança com a aplicabilidade da comunicação alternativa – PECS (método com trocas de figuras) com crianças autistas para a estimulação da comunicação verbal e funcional; e como objetivos específicos: elencar a eficácia e os desafios encontrados com a prática da comunicação alternativa- PECS com crianças autistas; analisar o número de pedidos funcionais de interações verbais/funcionais; observar os resultados da pratica da comunicação alternativa PECS, com crianças autistas. Para atingir tais objetivos, buscou embasamento teórico em autores como Vygotsky (2001) Walter e Nunes (2008) Corrêa Netto (2013), entre outros. A abordagem escolhida para fundamentar o estudo e atingir os objetivos, foi a revisão da produção bibliográfica de literatura. O estudo qualitativo foi elaborado a partir de dados presentes em artigos científicos selecionados e publicados no banco de dados de sites como: Bireme, Scielo e Google Acadêmico e em revistas cientificas, utilizando artigos de 2015 a 2020.Os estudos analisados nos permitiram sistematizar aportes teóricos e contextuais sobre a dimensão da comunicação alternativa PECS, como elemento primordial no desenvolvimento da linguagem, interação dos sujeitos e desenvolvimento humano. Os resultados mostraram maior interação comunicativa do aluno na fase de intervenção, além de generalizar o uso do PECS-Adaptado na sala de aula regular. Concluiu-se que a comunicação é um dos fatores fundamentais para que a inclusão escolar de um aluno com TEA ocorra de forma mais efetiva.
Da tradição a técnica: perspectivas e realidades da agricultura de derruba e queima na Amazônia
Authors: Silva Alasse Oliveira da , Silva Aline Oliveira da , Santos Dayla Carolina Rodrigues , Rosário Isabelle Caroline Bailosa do , Barata Henrique da Silva , Raiol Lucas Lima
Published: January 2021

O sistema de derruba e queima ainda é praticado na Amazônia, contribuindo para a destruição ambiental. Objetivou-se apresentar as perspectivas e realidades da agricultura de corte e queima na Amazônia, bem como suas relações envolvidas. Utilizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico para realização do estudo. Os agricultores persistem nesse sistema, por ser de baixo custo e de fácil adoção, em função da baixa fertilidade da maioria dos solos da região amazônica, do elevado custo de fertilizantes e corretivos. Os principais focos atuais de queimadas na Amazônia são associados à agricultura, em especial em escala familiar. As queimadas praticadas proporcionam danos ao ambiente, fauna e flora. Esse sistema mostra-se insustentável ainda presente no ambiente agrícola, principalmente na agricultura familiar da região Norte do Brasil, fator este agravante para a fauna e a flora local.
MRSA and enterobacteria of one health concern in wild animals undergoing rehabilitation
Authors: Silveira Débora Rodrigues , Moraes Thamíris Pereira de , Kaefer Kauana , Bach Luiz Gustavo , Barbosa Amanda de Oliveira , Moretti Valéria Defavari , Menezes Paulo Quadros de , Medeiros Uila Silveira de , Silva Thassiane Targino da , Bandarra Paulo Mota , Minello Luiz Fernando , Timm Cláudio Dias
Published: January 2021

The presence of contaminated animals in wildlife rehabilitation centers poses a threat for both animals and humans that come into contact with them or the contaminated environment. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), as well as studying the biofilm formation capacity of these isolates, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter spp. in wild animals from a rehabilitation center. During a two-year period, feces were collected from animals that were admitted to a wildlife rehabilitation center (n=324 samples). The pathogens were isolated from 51 (15.7%) animals of different species of mammals, birds and reptiles. Forty isolates (12.3%) were identified as S. aureus, of these, 32 (9.9%) were identified as MRSA and 72.5% were able to form biofilm. Y. enterocolitica was found in five mammals (5.1%), three reptiles (21.43%) and two birds (0.94%). Salmonella and Campylobacter were isolated from one bird each (0.67% and 0.67%, respectively). A wide diversity of animal species in rehabilitation centers, including birds, mammals and reptiles, can carry MRSA and enterobacteria of one health concern and eliminate in the feces. The presence of these pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract of wild animals admitted to a wildlife rehabilitation center shows the importance of microbiological monitoring of animals at the time of their admission and reinforces the need for specific hygienic-sanitary care.
Vasorelaxation endothelium-independent of the ethyl acetate phase from aerial parts of Solanum paludosum Moric. envolves channels-calcium L-type blockade
Authors: Silva Joelmir Lucena Veiga da , Cavalcante Fabiana de Andrade , Silva Tania Maria Sarmento da , Ramos Alessandro Elery , Oliveira Thárcia Kiara Beserra , Pereira Schirley Cristina Almeida , Silva Bagnólia Araújo da
Published: January 2021

Previous results showed the ethyl acetate phase (SP-AcOEt), obtained from aerial parts of Solanum paludosum, relaxed the aorta isolated in the endothelium-dependent and -independent manner. The vasorelaxant effects of SP-AcOEt was not characterized on aorta rings endothelium-denuded, thus this work aimed to elucidate the mechanisms endothelium-independent vasorelaxation on rat isolated aorta. The aorta was isolated from Wistar rats and mounted in glass baths containing 6 mL of normal Krebs physiological solution with pH at 7.4. The preparation was maintained at 37ºC and bubbled continuously with a mixture of 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Aortic rings were maintained for 1 hour by a resting tension of 1g and next were contracted with phenylephrine after the sustained contraction ACh was added to access the integrity of the endothelium. SP-AcOEt relaxed pre-contracted aorta by KCl-30mM or -80mM in a similar manner, suggesting blockade CaV, but not channel-K+ participating. SP-AcOEt also inhibited the contraction induced by CaCl2 and relaxed pre-contracted aorta by (±)-BayK8644 (EC50 = 16.9±1.3 μg/mL), which confirms the involvement of L-type CaV blockade. SP-AcOEt presented vasorelaxation endothelium-independent that involves L-type CaV blockade.
Associação entre as características sociodemográficas e os tipos de exposição em portadores da Hepatite C
Authors: Tiroli Carla Fernanda , Furuya Rejane Kiyomi , Dias Douglas Fernando , Galhardi Ligia Carla Faccin , Bolorino Natacha , Ribeiro Laís Cristina Gonçalves , Novaes Andressa Cristina , Cardoso João Victor Rodrigues , Arcoverde Marcos Augusto Moraes , Pieri Flávia Meneguetti
Published: January 2021

Objetivo foi de analisar a associação entre as características sociodemográficas e os tipos de exposição. Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico e quantitativo, a partir de dados secundários das fichas de Hepatites Virais notificadas pelos municípios da 17ª Regional de Saúde do Paraná de 2015 a 2018. Os dados foram analisados no Software Statistical Package for the Social Science. Na análise bivariada quanto na multivariável, as razões de prevalência e os intervalos de confiança de 95%  foram calculados por meio da regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto de variância e um nível de significância de 0,05.  Na análise multivariável, notou-se associação estatisticamente significativa entre a variável sexo masculino e os seguintes tipos de exposição: drogas injetáveis, drogas inaláveis ou crack, medicamentos injetáveis e três ou mais parceiros sexuais. Em contrapartida, houve associação entre a faixa etária de 18 a 59 anos e os seguintes tipos de exposição: drogas inaláveis ou crack, tatuagem e piercing, tratamento dentário e três ou mais parceiros. No grupo com baixa escolaridade,  associação entre a escolaridade e os tipos de exposição, com menor prevalência, dos seguintes fatores: transfusional e tratamento dentário. Por fim, usar drogas inaláveis ou crack e ter três ou mais parceiros foram fatores de exposição para HCV associados ao sexo masculino e à faixa etária de 18 a 59 anos. O uso de drogas e  o uso de medicamentos injetáveis foram fatores de exposição associados ao sexo masculino, enquanto tatuagem e piercing e tratamento dentário foram associados à faixa etária até 59 anos.
Overcoming dormancy in seeds of Pterodon pubescens (Benth.) Benth. (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae)
Authors: Silva Rithiely Conceição , Castrillon Solange Kimie Ikeda , Fernandez José Ricardo Castrillon , Morais Fernando Ferreira de , Morini Alessandra Aparecida E. Tavares , Nunes Josué Ribeiro da Silva
Published: January 2021

Pterodon pubescens is a native species, popularly known as “faveiro”, “sucupira-branca”, “fava-de-sucupira”, “sucupira”, and “sucupira-lisa”, belonging to the family Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (Fabaceae). This study aimed to analyze the effect of different treatments on the breaking of seed dormancy in Pterodon pubescens (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae). The seeds were collected in four places in the municipality of Cáceres (Mato Grosso, Brazil). They were selected by flotation or deposition in a container with water, washed with sodium hypochlorite (2% active chlorine), and subjected to five treatments, as follow: (T1) control, (T2) seeds had their woody integument removed and were washed with detergent; (T3) seeds were scarified and immersed in a container containing 500 ml of cola-based soft drink, for an hour and a half; (T4) seeds had only their integument removed; and (T5) seeds were subjected to scarification, using a file, until the embryo was visible. T2 and T4 were the most effective treatments for the emergence of P. pubescens seed.
Football Stadiums and the Production of Space in Czech Cities until 1939
Authors: Pelc Martin
Published: January 2021

Sport has become a significant part of our lives in the modern era and sporting sites contribute considerably to the image and texture of modern cities. Regarding the popularity of sport, especially football, the stadium has become an important modern space where specific kinds of social interaction take place. Despite the fact modern stadiums had their pre-modern models, they have been transformed substantially, so that we can talk of new urban spaces. This paper shows how football pitches gradually turned into stadiums, using the example of the Czech lands. The choice is by no means autotelic: interwar Czechoslovakia had one of the most successful football teams on the continent.
Substance MCS-18 Isolated from Helleborus Purpurascens Is a Potent
Antagonist of the Capsaicin Receptor, TRPV1, in Rat Cultured
Sensory Neurons
Authors: Neacsu C , Ciobanu C , Barbu I , Toader O , Szegli G , Kerek F , Babes A
Published: January 2021

Extracts of Helleborus roots were traditionally used in the Balkan
area for their analgesic action. We report that the pure natural
product MCS-18 isolated from this source is a potent, specific and
reversible antagonist of the capsaicin receptor, TRPV1, expressed
in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. TRPV1 is a nonselective cation channel expressed in a subset of cutaneous and
visceral sensory nerve endings and activated by noxious heat,
acidity and fatty acid metabolites of arachidonic acid, with a
decisive role in inflammatory heat hyperalgesia. MCS-18 inhibited
the increase in intracellular calcium concentration evoked in DRG
neurons by capsaicin (300 nM) and low pH (5.5) but not by heat
(43 ºC). The substance had no effect on the responses mediated
by acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) or the irritant receptor
TRPA1. Whole-cell patch-clamp was used to confirm the
inhibition of capsaicin-induced currents by MCS-18 which was
dose-dependent. The mechanism of inhibition does not require
an intact cell, as capsaicin-induced currents were also inhibited in
the excised outside-out configuration. The antagonism of the
capsaicin and proton action on native TRPV1 by MCS-18 may be
of interest for pain therapy.
Regulation of Diurnal Variation of Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase
(CYP7A1) Activity in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Kovář J , Leníček M , Zimolová M , Vítek L , Jirsa M , Piťha J
Published: January 2021

Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), the key regulatory enzyme
of bile acid synthesis, displays a pronounced diurnal variation. To
better understand the regulation of CYP7A1 activity, three daylong examinations were carried out in 12 healthy men. The
concentrations of 7α-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one (C4),
a surrogate marker of CYP7A1 activity, bile acids (BA), insulin,
glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesterol
were measured in serum in 90-min intervals from 7 AM till 10 PM.
To lower and to increase BA concentration during the study, the
subjects received cholestyramine and chenodeoxycholic acid
(CDCA), respectively, in two examinations. No drug was used in
the control examination. There was a pronounced diurnal
variation of C4 concentration with a peak around 1 PM in most of
the subjects. The area under the curve (AUC) of C4 concentration
was five times higher and three times lower when subjects were
treated with cholestyramine and CDCA, respectively. No
relationship was found between AUC of C4 and AUC of BA
concentration, but AUC of C4 correlated positively with that of
insulin. Moreover, short-term treatment with cholestyramine
resulted in about 10 % suppression of glycemia throughout the
day. Our results suggest that insulin is involved in the regulation
of diurnal variation of CYP7A1 activity in humans.
ON THE POSSIBILITIES OF REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DERMATOSES AND DISEASES OF THE GENITAL AREA IN THE SOUTH OF UKRAINE – KHERSON REGION
Authors:   SE «Institute of Dermatology and Venereology of NAMS of Ukraine», Volkoslavska V.M. , Rybalko M.F. ,   Herson Regional Dermatology and Venereology Dispensary, Unuchko S.V. ,   SE «Institute of Dermatology and Venereology of NAMS of Ukraine», Namli I.Ye. ,   SE «Institute of Dermatology and Venereology of NAMS of Ukraine», Shahova L.S. ,   Herson Regional Dermatology and Venereology Dispensary
Published: January 2021

The article provides an example of the effective introduction of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy for patients with common and severe skin diseases (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, eczema, lichen planus, and others), arthropathy of various origins and diseases of the genital area. The Center has been operating since 2018 as a subdivision of the Kherson Regional Skin and Venereal Diseases Dispensary of the Kherson Regional Council of Kherson, and later on, the public organization «Kherson Psoriasis Association» opened the «Aquaderm» Dermatological Center here. Materials and methods. The center is provided with modern equipment (3 types of bathtubs – Chirana, hydromassage, whirlpool; ultraviolet irradiation apparatus «Psorolight 100-6»). Physiotherapeutic procedures are used, consisting in the treatment with mineral waters, as well as with the therapeutic mud of Lake Solyanoye(Kherson region). Light therapy and climatotherapy are used. Patients undergo a set of laboratory tests before prescribing therapy and during treatment. Discussion of the findings. The data on the treatment of patients at the «Aquaderm» institution in 2018–2019 and the first half of 2020 are presented. A total of 5551 patients were treated during the reporting period and 164601 physiotherapeutic procedures were performed, what indicate that the types of rehabilitation treatment used are effective. The center attracts patients from different regions of Ukraine and enjoys the support of the Kherson Regional State Administration.
LEPRA: DESCRIPTION OF A FRESH CASE IN UKRAINE
Authors:   SI «Dnepropetrovsk State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine», Sviatenko T.V. , Kalmykova A.V. ,   CSD Medical Laboratory, Rybak Yu.V. ,   SI «Ukrainian leper colony of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine»
Published: January 2021

The objective: to acquaint dermatovenerologists of Ukraine with a fresh case of leprosy and recall the clinical features of the disease. The object of the study was the modern features of the course of leprosy, the difficulties of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disease. Materials and methods. We observed a 78-year-old man who was treated for a long time with a diagnosis of sarcoidosis in the community. It was possible to establish a diagnosis using histological and bacterioscopic research methods. Results and conclusions. Given the fact that leprosy refers to social diseases, the registration of fresh cases, an increase in the incidence by analogy with other chronic infectious diseases that seemed already defeated (tuberculosis, syphilis, malaria) may be due to worsening socio-economic and environmental living conditions, as well as tourist and migration processes from regions affected by leprosy. Therefore, in our opinion, doctors, may find the case of observation described by us interesting and useful in further practice.
The Role of Microenvironmental Cues and Mechanical Loading Milieus in Breast Cancer Cell Progression and Metastasis
Authors: Riehl Brandon D. , Kim Eunju , Bouzid Tasneem , Lim Jung Yul
Published: January 2021

Cancer can disrupt the microenvironments and mechanical homeostatic actions in multiple scales from large tissue modification to altered cellular signaling pathway in mechanotransduction. In this review, we highlight recent progresses in breast cancer cell mechanobiology focusing on cell-microenvironment interaction and mechanical loading regulation of cells. First, the effects of microenvironmental cues on breast cancer cell progression and metastasis will be reviewed with respect to substrate stiffness, chemical/topographic substrate patterning, and 2D vs. 3D cultures. Then, the role of mechanical loading situations such as tensile stretch, compression, and flow-induced shear will be discussed in relation to breast cancer cell mechanobiology and metastasis prevention. Ultimately, the substrate microenvironment and mechanical signal will work together to control cancer cell progression and metastasis. The discussions on breast cancer cell responsiveness to mechanical signals, from static substrate and dynamic loading, and the mechanotransduction pathways involved will facilitate interdisciplinary knowledge transfer, enabling further insights into prognostic markers, mechanically mediated metastasis pathways for therapeutic targets, and model systems required to advance cancer mechanobiology.
Modulating the Mechanical Activation of TRPV4 at the Cell-Substrate Interface
Authors: Sianati Setareh , Schroeter Lioba , Richardson Jessica , Tay Andy , Lamandé Shireen R. , Poole Kate
Published: January 2021

Ion channels activated by mechanical inputs are important force sensing molecules in a wide array of mammalian cells and tissues. The transient receptor potential channel, TRPV4, is a polymodal, nonselective cation channel that can be activated by mechanical inputs but only if stimuli are applied directly at the interface between cells and their substrate, making this molecule a context-dependent force sensor. However, it remains unclear how TRPV4 is activated by mechanical inputs at the cell-substrate interface, which cell intrinsic and cell extrinsic parameters might modulate the mechanical activation of the channel and how mechanical activation differs from TRPV4 gating in response to other stimuli. Here we investigated the impact of substrate mechanics and cytoskeletal components on mechanically evoked TRPV4 currents and addressed how point mutations associated with TRPV4 phosphorylation and arthropathy influence mechanical activation of the channel. Our findings reveal distinct regulatory modulation of TRPV4 from the mechanically activated ion channel PIEZO1, suggesting the mechanosensitivity of these two channels is tuned in response to different parameters. Moreover, our data demonstrate that the effect of point mutations in TRPV4 on channel activation are profoundly dependent on the gating stimulus.
Pulmonary Surfactant and Drug Delivery: An Interface-Assisted Carrier to Deliver Surfactant Protein SP-D Into the Airways
Authors: García-Mouton Cristina , Hidalgo Alberto , Arroyo Raquel , Echaide Mercedes , Cruz Antonio , Pérez-Gil Jesús
Published: January 2021

This work is focused on the potential use of pulmonary surfactant to deliver full-length recombinant human surfactant protein SP-D (rhSP-D) using the respiratory air-liquid interface as a shuttle. Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a collectin protein present in the pulmonary surfactant (PS) system, involved in innate immune defense and surfactant homeostasis. It has been recently suggested as a potential therapeutic to alleviate inflammatory responses and lung diseases in preterm infants suffering from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, none of the current clinical surfactants used for surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) to treat RDS contain SP-D. The interaction of SP-D with surfactant components, the potential of PS as a respiratory drug delivery system and the possibility to produce recombinant versions of human SP-D, brings the possibility of delivering clinical surfactants supplemented with SP-D. Here, we used an in vitro setup that somehow emulates the respiratory air-liquid interface to explore this novel approach. It consists in two different compartments connected with a hydrated paper bridge forming a continuous interface. We firstly analyzed the adsorption and spreading of rhSP-D alone from one compartment to another over the air-liquid interface, observing low interfacial activity. Then, we studied the interfacial spreading of the protein co-administered with PS, both at different time periods or as a mixed formulation, and which oligomeric forms of rhSP-D better traveled associated with PS. The results presented here demonstrated that PS may transport rhSP-D long distances over air-liquid interfaces, either as a mixed formulation or separately in a close window time, opening the doors to empower the current clinical surfactants and SRT.
Bringing MicroRNAs to Light: Methods for MicroRNA Quantification and Visualization in Live Cells
Authors: Siddika Tarana , Heinemann Ilka U.
Published: January 2021

MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that interact with their target mRNAs for posttranscriptional gene regulation. Finely controlled miRNA biogenesis, target recognition and degradation indicate that maintaining miRNA homeostasis is essential for regulating cell proliferation, growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Increasingly, miRNAs have been recognized as a potential biomarker for disease diagnosis. MiRNAs can be found in blood, plasma, and tissues, and miRNA expression and activity differ in developmental stages, tissues and in response to external stimuli. MiRNA transcripts are matured from pri-miRNA over pre-miRNA to mature miRNA, a process that includes multiple steps and enzymes. Many tools are available to identify and quantify specific miRNAs, ranging from measuring total miRNA, specific miRNA activity, miRNA arrays and miRNA localization. The various miRNA assays differ in accuracy, cost, efficiency and convenience of monitoring miRNA dynamics. To acknowledge the significance and increasing research interest in miRNAs, we summarize the traditional as well as novel methods of miRNA quantification with strengths and limitations of various techniques in biochemical and medical research.