bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interdisziplinäre Entwicklung Eines Konzepts für die Weiterbildung von Dozierenden in der Lehrpersonenbildung Unter Nutzung von Social Virtual Reality
Authors: Förster Kristina , Hein Rebecca , Wienrich Carolin , Latoschik Marc Erich , Grafe Silke
Published: December 2024

Angesichts der Entwicklungen im Medienbereich und der Globalisierung ergeben sich neue Aufgaben für Schule und Unterricht und damit auch für die Förderung medienpädagogischer und interkultureller Kompetenz von (angehenden) Lehrpersonen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird in diesem Beitrag die interdisziplinäre Entwicklung eines Weiterbildungskonzepts für Dozierende in der Lehrpersonenbildung unter Nutzung von Social Virtual Reality (SVR) vorgestellt. Bedeutsame pädagogische Vorgehensweisen des Konzepts sind im Sinne einer Handlungsorientierung die Auseinandersetzung mit komplexen Aufgabenstellungen, Rollenspiele, Dialoge und Portfolioarbeit. Die technische Weiterentwicklung der SVR-Lernumgebung beinhaltet die Erstellung neuartiger Aufgaben sowie die Integration stilisierter Avatare und virtueller Objekte. Die Zielerreichung des Weiterbildungskonzepts und die Wirkung der Designelemente wurden empirisch untersucht. Aus hochschuldidaktischer bzw. medienpädagogischer Sicht zeigen die Ergebnisse u. a. positive Entwicklungen der interkulturellen Kompetenz von Dozierenden. Konsequenzen für zukünftige Forschung und Weiterbildungspraxis werden abschließend diskutiert.
Über Elektrizität lernen mit AR-Applikation und Simulation
Authors: Frank Florian , Stolzenberger Christoph , Trefzger Thomas
Published: December 2024

Im Teilprojekt 2 (von CoTeach) wurden digitale Materialien zur Unterstützung des Lernens über Elektrizität entwickelt und in Schülerlaboren evaluiert. Ausgehend von Aussagen kognitiver Lerntheorien wurden für die Vermittlung der Elektrizitätslehre eine Simulation und eine Augmented Reality (AR)-Applikation entwickelt. Beide Applikationen unterstützen den Erkenntnisgewinnungsprozess der Schüler:innen, indem sie die lernförderlichen Modellvorstellungen der Elektrizität passend zu einem zeitgleich präsentierten Stromkreis darstellen. Die AR-Applikation erlaubt zusätzlich die physikalische Messwerterfassung und -anzeige. Im Rahmen einer experimentellen Schülerlaborstudie mit N = 196 Schüler:innen wurde der Effekt der Nutzung dieser Applikationen für Modelldarstellung und Messwerterfassung mit einer traditionellen Methodik verglichen. Untersucht wurden insbesondere der Einfluss auf die Entwicklung des Konzeptwissens, auf die beim Lernen empfundene kognitive Last und auf die Bearbeitungszeit der in der Studie gestellten Aufgaben. Während die Nutzung digitaler Unterstützung keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Konzeptwissensentwicklung und die beim Lernen empfundene kognitive Last ergab, zeigte sich, dass die Nutzung der AR-Applikation zur Messung eine signifikant niedrigere Bearbeitungszeit erlaubte.
Innovative Lernumgebungen gestalten und evaluieren: Selbstreguliertes Lernen an der Hochschule unterstützen
Authors: Jessen Moiken , Lingel Klaus , Stein Roland
Published: December 2024

Dieser Artikel stellt einen E-Learning-Kurs vor, der darauf abzielt, Selbstreguliertes Lernen an Hochschulen zu fördern, insbesondere unter den anspruchsvollen Bedingungen der Distanzlehre. Der Kurs kombiniert reflektive Prompts mit instruktiven Prompts. Es werden erste Erkenntnisse bezüglich der Funktionalität und Wirksamkeit präsentiert. Die vorgestellten Erkenntnisse beziehen sich auf den Einsatz von Lernstrategien, die erzielten Lernleistungen und die generelle Nützlichkeit des Kurses. Diese Untersuchung trägt dazu bei, die Effektivität von E-Learning-Initiativen im Kontext der Förderung Selbstregulierten Lernens zu verstehen.
Auf der Suche Nach Dem Ästhetischen Moment Des Unterrichts
Authors: Kasch Stephanie , Neubauer Manuel , Dreßler Jens
Published: December 2024

Vor dem Hintergrund der Digitalisierung ergeben sich tiefgreifende kulturelle und gesellschaftliche Transformationen, die die Lebenswelt des Menschen prägen. Während sich einerseits völlig neue Möglichkeiten zur Gestaltung schulischer Bildungsprozesse ergeben, stellt sich die Frage, wie der Mensch in seiner Bildung angemessen auf diese Transformationen antworten kann. Zu Bildung gehört ein reflexives Verhältnis des Menschen zu sich und der Welt. Wer dieses Ziel pädagogisch setzt, muss danach fragen, wie schulischer Unterricht in ein solches Verhältnis hineinführen kann. Der Beitrag untersucht zunächst ebenjene Transformationen und widmet sich anschließend der Frage nach deren bildungstheoretischen Konsequenzen und möglichen Folgen für schulische Bildungsprozesse.
Professionelle Kompetenz Zum Lehren Des Simulierens und Mathematischen Modellierens Mit Digitalen Werkzeugen
Authors: Gerber Sebastian , Siller Hans-Stefan
Published: December 2024

Digitale Werkzeuge liefern einen wertvollen Beitrag zur Untersuchung von Realitätsbezügen im Mathematikunterricht. Sie ermöglichen auch den Einsatz von Simulationen mit dem Ziel des Erkenntnisgewinns über reale Prozesse. Ein kognitiv aktivierender und lernendenorientierter Unterricht, in dem reale Phänomene digitalgestützt analysiert werden, stellt jedoch veränderte Anforderungen an Lehrpersonen. Im Beitrag stellen wir ein bereichsspezifisches Kompetenzmodell für das Lehren des Simulierens und mathematischen Modellierens mit digitalen Werkzeugen vor, das im Rahmen unseres Projekts erarbeitet und empirisch bestätigt wurde (N = 257). Von diesem Kompetenzmodell ausgehend beschreiben wir die Konzeption einer universitären Lehrveranstaltung mit dem Ziel, die professionelle Kompetenz von angehenden Mathematiklehrpersonen in der genannten bereichsspezifischen Ausdeutung zu fördern. Außerdem untersuchen und bestätigen wir exemplarisch für das Konzept der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen in einer quantitativen Interventionsstudie im quasi-experimentellen Prä-Post-Design die Wirksamkeit der Lehrveranstaltung in den Dimensionen „Aufgaben“ und „Unterricht“ (N = 94). Abschließend diskutieren wir mögliche Implikationen für weitere Lehrveranstaltungen, die die entsprechende Kompetenzentwicklung bei angehenden Mathematiklehrpersonen im Rahmen der Lehrpersonenbildung zum Ziel haben.
Medienkompetenzen in inklusiven Grundschulklassen im Bereich Digital Storytelling
Authors: Warmdt Julia , Frisch Henrik , Kindermann Katharina , Pohlmann-Rother Sanna , Ratz Christoph
Published: December 2024

Die Transformationsprozesse Digitalität und Inklusion prägen die Schulentwicklung und Unterrichtsgestaltung. Um angehende Lehrpersonen auf die veränderte Unterrichtsrealität vorzubereiten, wurde in den Forschungsarbeiten des vorliegenden Teilprojekts „Medienkompetenzen in inklusiven Grundschulklassen im Bereich Digital Storytelling“ in Kooperation des Lehrstuhls für Grundschulpädagogik und -didaktik sowie des Lehrstuhls für Pädagogik bei Geistiger Behinderung eine didaktisch innovative Lehrveranstaltung mit dem Ziel der Förderung mediendidaktischer und inklusionsbezogener Kompetenzen von Lehramtsstudierenden konzipiert. Kernelement dieser Lehrveranstaltung ist die kooperative, mediengestalterische Entwicklung von Unterrichtsmaterial anhand theoriegeleiteter Kriterien zum Digital Storytelling für den inklusiven Unterricht (winBook – Würzburger eBook für inklusiven Unterricht). Die Nachhaltigkeit des universitär entwickelten Unterrichtsmaterials wird sichergestellt, indem die winBooks auf der Webseite des Digitalen Bücherschranks für Lehrpersonen und Interessierte kostenlos zur Verfügung gestellt und Fortbildungen zur unterrichtlichen Nutzung dieser winBooks angeboten werden. Zur Erprobung und Weiterentwicklung des in den Lehrveranstaltungen konzipierten Materials sowie dessen Potenzials für qualitätsvollen Unterricht wurde eine Videostudie in inklusiven Grundschulklassen durchgeführt, welche von Schüler:innen mit und ohne sonderpädagogischen Schwerpunkt Geistige Entwicklung besucht werden. Dabei wird das Ziel verfolgt, differenzielle Effekte der Unterrichtsqualität zu beschreiben – mit Blick einerseits auf die individuelle kognitive Aktivierung sowie andererseits auf die inhaltliche Partizipation. Im Rahmen des Beitrags werden die interdisziplinären Forschungsarbeiten des vorliegenden Teilprojekts und dessen Potenziale für eine phasenvernetzende Lehrpersonenbildung im Zusammenspiel von Unterrichtspraxis und Forschung dargestellt.
Der Kontext: Luxemburg, Sprache, Schule und Portfolioarbeit
Authors: Noesen Melanie
Published: December 2024

In diesem Teil werden ich die zuvor theoretisch ergründeten Thematiken in den luxemburgischen Bildungskontext einordnen. Hierzu werde ich auf die Spezifika des Schulsystems eingehen und insbesondere die Herausforderungen durch gesellschaftliche Mehrsprachigkeit und zunehmende soziokulturelle Heterogenität beleuchten. Ich gehe auf sprachpolitische Aspekte der Bildungspolitik ein und stelle wesentliche wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zu diesen Punkten dar.
Die Forschungsstudie: theoretische, methodische und ethische Aspekte
Authors: Noesen Melanie
Published: December 2024

Im folgenden Teil der Arbeit stelle ich mein methodisches Vorgehen vor und erläutere dessen ideologischen, epistemologischen wie ethischen Grundlagen. Ziel ist es, die Lesenden mit auf meinen mehrjährigen Forschungsweg zu nehmen und die Richtungsentscheidungen, die Stolper- sowie die Meilensteine nachvollziehbar zu machen.
Ergebnisse
Authors: Noesen Melanie
Published: December 2024

Im Folgenden werden die Ergebnisse der Feldstudie vorgestellt. Hierzu wird die Portfolioarbeit im zweiten Zyklus der Grundschule spiralförmig erschlossen mit dem Ziel, die zentrale Forschungsfrage zur beantworten.
Abschließende Perspektiven
Authors: Noesen Melanie
Published: December 2024

Im Anschluss an die Diskussion der Ergebnisse meiner Studie im Lichte thematisch oder methodisch verwandter Forschung mache ich im Folgenden auf die Limitationen der Ergebnisse aufmerksam und reflektiere ihre Reichweite. Des Weiteren zeichne ich für die Lehrenden, für die Bildungspolitik sowie die Wissenschaft Fragen und Perspektiven auf, die sich aus den Forschungserkenntnissen ergeben.
Klimakrise und Klimaethik. Von der Selbstverständlichkeit und den institutionellen Umsetzungsproblemen bei der Forderung nach Interdisziplinarität
Authors: Draken Klaus
Published: December 2024

Rolf Roew beschreibt in einem Beitrag für die Zeitschrift für Didaktik der Philosophie und Ethik zum Thema Zukunft, dass die „Kompetenz zum konkreten moralischen Urteil“ aus konkreten moralischen Problemen in der Lebenswelt der Schülerinnen und Schüler zu entwickeln sei. Ebenso „wird der Ethikunterricht aus entwicklungspsychologischen Erwägungen lange Zeit konkret arbeiten müssen, was in der Folge für die Entwicklung metaethischer Gedanken und die Einführung von Moraltheorien in den höheren Jahrgangsstufen vorbereitet“.
Gendersensibler Philosophie- und Ethikunterricht. Standortbestimmung, Desiderate und Diskussionen
Authors: Albus Vanessa
Published: December 2024

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Forschungsstand zur Gendersensibilität im Philosophie- und Ethikunterrichts zusammengefasst, um zukunftsweisend Desiderate zu benennen, Fehlentwicklungen zur Diskussion zu stellen und neue Impulse für Forschung und Unterrichtspraxis in Schule und Hochschule zu geben.
Introduction
Authors: Cheng Xinglei , Lu Dechun , Wang Piguang
Published: December 2024

The ocean serves as a crucial foundation for human survival and sustainable social development. Ocean resources, energy, and space development are integral components of oceanic strategy. Offshore wind energy, with its vast developmental potential, has emerged as a pivotal player.
Summary and Prospect
Authors: Cheng Xinglei , Lu Dechun , Wang Piguang
Published: December 2024

The developed model effectively captures essential behaviors of saturated clay, including reverse plastic flow, evolution of hysteretic loops, accumulation of plastic deformations
Dynamic Responses of OWT Tripod Pile in Clays
Authors: Cheng Xinglei , Lu Dechun , Wang Piguang
Published: December 2024

Tripod pile foundation is pursued as an efficient foundation system for offshore wind turbines (OWTs) installed in deeper waters (20–50 m). In this application, the foundations would be subjected to dynamic loads including due to wind, waves, and earthquakes.
Seismic Responses of OWT Monopod Suction Bucket in Clays
Authors: Cheng Xinglei , Lu Dechun , Wang Piguang
Published: December 2024

Suction buckets are widely used as foundations for offshore wind turbines because of its many advantages such as simple structure, convenient installation, low construction cost and reusable. It is very essential to perform the seismic response analysis of suction bucket foundations for the design of offshore wind turbines.
Schwangerschaftsabbrüche und Lebenslagen: Erkenntnisse auf Basis von pairfam-Daten
Authors: Minkus Lara
Published: December 2024

Hintergrund

Obwohl Schwangerschaftsabbrüche ein gesellschaftlich und politisch bedeutsames Thema darstellen, gibt es in Deutschland bisher kaum quantitative Untersuchungen zu den individuellen Lebensumständen der Betroffenen. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet empirisch und deskriptiv die individuellen, ökonomischen und partnerschaftlichen Bedingungen, unter denen solche Entscheidungen getroffen werden.

Methoden

Die Auswertungen basieren auf den Daten der ersten 13 Befragungswellen (2008–2021) des bundesweit durchgeführten Beziehungs- und Familienpanels (pairfam). Angaben von Frauen, die einen Schwangerschaftsabbruch vornehmen lassen, wurden mit jenen, die ihre Schwangerschaft austragen, hinsichtlich individueller Merkmale sowie ökonomischer und partnerschaftlicher Lebenslagen verglichen. Die Stichprobe besteht aus 1511 Beobachtungen von 1082 Befragten, darin enthalten sind 216 Schwangerschaftsabbrüche und 1295 Geburten. Die Daten wurden mittels deskriptiver Analyse ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Schwangerschaftsabbrüche stehen mit verschiedenen individuellen Merkmalen sowie der ökonomischen und partnerschaftlichen Situation im Zusammenhang. Sie erfolgen vergleichsweise seltener bei guter Gesundheit und häufiger, wenn bereits 2 oder mehr Kinder vorhanden sind. Zudem ist die finanzielle Situation von Personen, die ihre Schwangerschaft abbrechen, vergleichsweise schlechter. Sie sind außerdem häufiger Singles oder mit ihrer Partnerschaft unzufrieden.

Diskussion

Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass die Entscheidung für einen Schwangerschaftsabbruch im Kontext spezifischer Lebensumstände getroffen wird. Der vorliegende Beitrag unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit weiterer Forschung zu den komplexen Zusammenhängen.
“Putting yourself in the shoes of others” – Relatability as a novel measure to explain the difference in stigma toward depression and schizophrenia
Authors: Schomerus Georg , Kummetat Johanna , Angermeyer M. C. , Link Bruce G.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Attitudes toward schizophrenia and depression have evolved differently over the last decades, exposing people with schizophrenia to growing stigma. Classic descriptions of schizophrenia symptoms as being particularly unrelatable might offer an explanation for this gap in attitudes that has not yet been tested. We examine to what extent relatability explains the difference in social distance toward people with depression or schizophrenia.

Methods

We developed the 8-item “Relatability Scale”, measuring to what extent people can relate to someone described as having either depression or schizophrenia, and used it in an online quota sample of 550 respondents in Germany. Beyond, we elicited the desire for social distance, continuum beliefs, emotional reactions, perceived dangerousness, general empathy, and previous contact.

Results

The Relatability Scale showed good psychometric properties and construct validity. Differences in relatability alone explained 63.6% of this difference in social distance between depression and schizophrenia. Adding continuum beliefs increased this amount to 83.0%. All other variables combined explained 53.2% of the difference in social distance between disorders.

Conclusion

Differences in both relatability and continuum beliefs seem key to understanding different reactions to someone with depression or schizophrenia. Anti-stigma interventions could be optimized in order to increase relatability and continuum beliefs particularly regarding people with severe, psychotic mental disorders.
“Loneliness is killing me?!”: the subjective emotional experience of loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of a cross-sectional study in patients with a psychiatric disorder
Authors: Schenk Mona , Baldofski Sabrina , Hall Fabian , Urbansky Tony , Strauß Maria , Kohls Elisabeth , Rummel-Kluge Christine
Published: December 2024

Purpose

During the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in loneliness as well as mental health issues was detected. However, research on the association between loneliness and mental disorders is sparse. The aim of this study was to examine loneliness and associated social and emotional factors in patients with a psychiatric disorder and to investigate potential predictors of loneliness.

Methods

Participants were N = 230 patients currently receiving psychiatric treatment at the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany. A cross-sectional survey included questionnaires on loneliness, life satisfaction, need to belong, interpersonal trust, stress, and resilience.

Results

Most participants (n = 91, 39.6%) suffered from depression, followed by anxiety disorder (n = 43, 18.7%). Significantly higher loneliness levels compared to norm samples were detected in all three loneliness questionnaires (all p <.05), and overall n = 128 (57.7%) reported to feel lonely. In addition, participants reported lower life satisfaction, lower interpersonal trust, and lower resilience than the general population (all p <.05). No significant differences in loneliness levels between different psychiatric diagnoses were revealed. It was found that lower satisfaction with life, lower interpersonal trust and lower resilience were significantly associated with higher loneliness (all p <.05).

Conclusion

This study underlines the importance to continue research on loneliness in people with mental disorders after the COVID-19 pandemic since the majority of patients reported to feel lonely. Further, tailored therapy-accompanying interventions to prevent loneliness in patients with a psychiatric disorder should be designed and evaluated to meet patients’ diverse needs e.g., through online programs.

Trial registration

German Clinical Trial Registration: DRKS00023741 (registered on April 6, 2021).
Protective eyewear in children with one eye vision loss: compliance and trends
Authors: Yahalomi Tal , Mezad-Koursh Daphna , Sternfeld Amir , Ehrenberg Miriam , Zipori Anat Bachar , Dotan Gad
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Safety glasses are an important measure to prevent blindness, especially in one- eyed patients. However, patient compliance with eye protection is often limited. Unlike previous studies that described protective eyewear wearing in anophthalmic patients, this study analyzed their usage in functionally one-eyed children, having a significantly reduced visual acuity in one eye, determining common obstacles to their use.

Methods

A survey-based study analyzing protective eyewear usage in children with one eye vision loss (mean logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (logMAR) visual acuity ≤ 0.7).

Results

This study included 83 functionally one-eyed children (44 males), who received a recommendation to wear safety glasses. Ninety-nine percent of their caregivers were aware of this recommendation; however, 31% of them did not know the glasses’ true purpose. Regarding actual usage, only 29 (35%) children wore safety glasses at least 90% of the day, 26 (31%) children wore them part-time (10–90% of the day) and 28 (34%) wore them rarely or never at all (< 10% of the day). Compliance was higher when glasses provided optical correction. Reasons provided for non-compliance included: discomfort, appearance, cost and vision reduction. Many respondents recollected incidents in which the glasses prevented an eye injury, and less commonly an eye injury occurring while the child was not wearing eye protection.

Conclusions

Compliance with safety glasses in functionally one-eyed children is limited. Emphasizing that numerous gaps and barriers need to be bridged to improve eyewear protection in these children to prevent trauma in the better-seeing eye with its devastating lifestyle effect.

Key messages

What is known

Anophthalmic patients often do not wear protective glasses, which are needed to prevent trauma to their only remaining eye.

What is new

Non-anophthalmic children with reduced visual acuity in one eye use protective glasses even less often, even when doing sports.

Common reasons for not wearing safety glasses include: discomfort, dislike of self-appearance with glasses, and lens-induced vision reduction.
Gasterophilus in horses from Romania: diversity, prevalence, seasonal dynamics, and distribution
Authors: Rabei Ș. O. , Cârstolovean A. S. , Culda C. A. , Mihalca A. D.
Published: December 2024

This is the first study that targets the epidemiology of Gasterophilus spp. in slaughtered horses from Romania. Previously to our research, there were five recorded species: Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis, Gasterophilus inermis, Gasterophilus intestinalis, Gasterophilus nasalis, and Gasterophilus pecorum with a dispersed distribution throughout the country, the data being recorded more than 73 years ago. The collection of Gasterophilus larvae was carried out from the digestive system (stomach, duodenum, and rectum) of horses in three abattoirs, monthly between January 2023 and December 2023. Following dissection, all larvae were stored in absolute ethanol until morphological and molecular identification. The larvae were counted and identified according to morphological keys. Overall, 394 horses were examined, of which 211 (53.6%) were infected with L2 or L3 of Gasterophilus spp. Only two species were found: G. intestinalis (prevalence 52.0%) and G. nasalis (14.0%). Coinfection with both species occurred in 49 horses (12.4%). In total, 9759 larvae were collected (7916 L3 and 1843 L2). Larvae were localized in the stomach (G. intestinalis) and duodenum (G. nasalis) of horses. There was a strong seasonal variation in the mean intensity and mean abundance for both G. intestinalis and G. nasalis larvae and also for coinfections (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between prevalence and mean intensity across gender, group age, or horse colour. Our findings show that Gasterophilus infection is widespread within Romania territory, being a possible cause of illness and welfare issues in horses.
An Efficient Algorithm for Power Dominating Set
Authors: Bläsius Thomas , Göttlicher Max
Published: December 2024

The problem Power Dominating Set (PDS) is motivated by the placement of phasor measurement units to monitor electrical networks. It asks for a minimum set of vertices in a graph that observes all remaining vertices by exhaustively applying two observation rules. Our contribution is twofold. First, we determine the parameterized complexity of PDS by proving it is W[P]-complete when parameterized with respect to the solution size. We note that it was only known to be W[2]-hard before. Our second and main contribution is a new algorithm for PDS that efficiently solves practical instances. Our algorithm consists of two complementary parts. The first is a set of reduction rules for PDS that can also be used in conjunction with previously existing algorithms. The second is an algorithm for solving the remaining kernel based on the implicit hitting set approach. Our evaluation on a set of power grid instances from the literature shows that our solver outperforms previous state-of-the-art solvers for PDS by more than one order of magnitude on average. Furthermore, our algorithm can solve previously unsolved instances of continental scale within a few minutes.
Alpha-fetoprotein combined with initial tumor shape irregularity in predicting the survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors: a retrospective multi-center cohort study
Authors: Zhang Feng , Wang Yong-Shuai , Li Shao-Peng , Zhao Bin , Huang Nan , Song Rui-Peng , Meng Fan-Zheng , Feng Zhi-Wen , Zhang Shen-Yu , Song Hua-Chuan , Chen Xiao-Peng , Liu Lian-Xin , Wang Ji-Zhou
Published: December 2024

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are playing a significant role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aims to explore the prognostic value of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and initial tumor shape irregularity in patients treated with ICIs.

Methods

In this retrospective, multi-center study, 296 HCC patients were randomly divided into the training set and the validation set in a 3:2 ratio. The training set was used to evaluate prognostic factors and to develop an easily applicable ATSI (AFP and Tumor Shape Irregularity) score, which was verified in the validation set.

Results

The ATSI score was developed from two independent prognostic risk factors: baseline AFP ≥ 400 ng/ml (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.01–2.96, P = 0.046) and initial tumor shape irregularity (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.03–3.65, P = 0.041). The median overall survival (OS) was not reached (95% CI 28.20–NA) in patients who met no criteria (0 points), 25.8 months (95% CI 14.17–NA) in patients who met one criterion (1 point), and 17.03 months (95% CI 11.73–23.83) in patients who met two criteria (2 points) (P = 0.001). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10.83 months (95% CI 9.27–14.33) for 0 points, 8.03 months (95% CI 6.77–10.57) for 1 point, and 5.03 months (95% CI 3.83–9.67) for 2 points (P < 0.001). The validation set effectively verified these results (median OS, 37.43/24.27/14.03 months for 0/1/2 points, P = 0.028; median PFS, 13.93/8.30/4.90 months for 0/1/2 points, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The ATSI score can effectively predict prognosis in HCC patients receiving ICIs.
Improving result-based schemes for nature conservation in agricultural landscapes—challenges and best practices from selected European countries
Authors: Hagemann Nina , Gerling Charlotte , Hölting Lisanne , Kernecker Maria , Markova-Nenova Nonka N. , Wätzold Frank , Wendler Julian , Cord Anna F.
Published: December 2024

Result-based payment schemes (RBPS) offer a more flexible, innovative and performance-oriented approach to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services provision in agricultural landscapes, compared to action-based schemes. However, uptake by farmers remains low, likely due to challenges such as lack of appropriate advice, uncertainties related to monitoring of the results and the risk of not receiving the payment. Since detailed information on the design and monitoring of RBPS is often not available in the scientific literature, we analysed 39 RBPS identified across peer-reviewed studies, grey literature, and websites from Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Ireland, the United Kingdom and Spain. This overview highlights the benefits of implementing RBPS in different European agricultural systems, identifies key design features of current schemes that could enhance adoption and addresses shortcomings such as current limitations in the biodiversity and environmental targets considered, monitoring costs and financing. We also provide an outlook on how to improve RBPS to unlock their full potential, especially in view of increasing uncertainties due to climate change.
Introducing the Perception Index of Gender Equity in Management. Mapping gender prejudice levels in North-West Region, Romania
Authors: Bîrsănuc Elena-Manuela
Published: December 2024

Gender inequities have long been measured and analysed, but their underlying causes have been overlooked. The paper introduces the Perception Index of gender equity in management (PIGEM) as a tool to measure levels of gender prejudice towards female professional empowerment. PIGEM analyses gender biases within 5 dimensions: educational, economic, political, family/private space, and safety/quality of life, depicting both the prejudice levels for each dimension and a total PIGEM score. Being calibrated for Romania’s social and cultural context, the results are correlated with objective secondary data referring to the local level of territorial, social, and economic development through Geographically Weighted Regressions. Results indicate an overall low level of gender prejudice within the North-west region, but high levels of bias within the private space, political, and quality of life dimensions. Furthermore, while the local level of development explains local levels of gender prejudice, socio-economic risks account for larger areas characterized by low and medium levels of bias. PIGEM is presented as a tool for analysing how the attachment to traditional gender-role attitudes is influenced by dynamics taking place within a social space. The methodology presented can be adjusted and applied to other study areas, taking into account the local cultural context.
Challenging Gender Roles during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Employed Palestinian-Arab Mothers in Israel
Authors: Karkabi Maha Sabbah
Published: December 2024

During the economic lockdown following the outbreak of COVID-19, the demand for unpaid work at home increased. Drawing on gender theory and the time availability explanation, this article explores the way changes in family and work arrangements altered the division of housework and care work in a highly gendered society; Palestinian-Arab dual-earner families in Israel. In-depth interviews with 28 Palestinian-Arab women were conducted to explore the social forces underlying the gendered aspects of family-work arrangements in Palestinian-Arab families in Israel during the pandemic. The findings provide evidence that both undoing and doing gender are observed, with the latter prevailing, leading to an intensification of gender inequalities. This suggests that changes in time availability do not guarantee an egalitarian division of unpaid work because cultural models are the main drivers, emphasizing the cultural context’s importance in understanding the way families arrange their household demands.
Assessing Signs of Burnout Among Recently Ordained Stipendiary Anglican Curates In England
Authors: Smith Greg , Francis Leslie J. , McKenna Ursula , Village Andrew
Published: December 2024

This study examines the responses of 253 recently ordained stipendiary Anglican curates in the Church of England to the Francis Burnout Inventory during their second year in ministry. The data confirm the internal consistency reliability among recently ordained clergy of the scales proposed by this measure: Scale of Emotional Exhaustion in Ministry, and Satisfaction in Ministry Scale. While positive affect is high, with 90% agreeing with the item that they gain a lot of satisfaction from fulfilling their ministry roles, negative affect is also uncomfortably high, with 35% agreeing with the item that they feel drained by fulfilling their ministry roles. It is those ordained under the age of forty who experienced the highest levels of emotional exhaustion.
The highs and lows of monoamine oxidase as molecular target in cancer: an updated review
Authors: Hâncu Iasmina M. , Giuchici Silvia , Furdui-Lința Adina V. , Lolescu Bogdan , Sturza Adrian , Muntean Danina M. , Dănilă Maria D. , Lighezan Rodica
Published: December 2024

The global burden of cancer as a major cause of death and invalidity has been constantly increasing in the past decades. Monoamine oxidases (MAO) with two isoforms, MAO-A and MAO-B, are mammalian mitochondrial enzymes responsible for the oxidative deamination of neurotransmitters and amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues with the constant generation of hydrogen peroxide as the main deleterious ancillary product. However, given the complexity of cancer biology, MAO involvement in tumorigenesis is multifaceted with different tumors displaying either an increased or decreased MAO profile. MAO inhibitors are currently approved for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (mainly, Parkinson’s disease) and as secondary/adjunctive therapeutic options for the treatment of major depression. Herein, we review the literature characterizing MAO’s involvement and the putative role of MAO inhibitors in several malignancies, and also provide perspectives regarding the potential biomarker role that MAO could play in the future in oncology.
Breathing dirty air, struggling in school: The case of air pollution and Student Learning in Chile
Authors: Hofflinger Álvaro , Boso Àlex , Álvarez Boris , Garrido Jaime
Published: December 2024

Air pollution has been linked to various health problems in children, including respiratory and neurological issues. Existing research has also found that exposure to air pollution can affect children's cognitive ability and academic performance, with some studies showing a decrease in test scores and grade point averages associated with increased exposure to hazardous air pollution. This study examined the association between air pollution and children’s academic performance in Chile. This research addressed a critical gap in the literature by providing data from an understudied context and tracking children's academic performance at an individual level over time. We constructed a panel dataset that followed students from 1st to 8th grade and estimated their exposure to PM2.5, based on the distance of their school to air monitoring stations from elementary to middle school. We tracked students' academic performance using a longitudinal fixed-effects regression model to assess the relationship between their grade point average (GPA) and air pollution. The results revealed that, on average, an increase in the percentage of days exceeding different official air quality standards significantly affected students' annual GPA. The study also showed that academic performance among students from families with lower economic resources is disproportionately affected by air pollution. The findings underscore the pressing issue of environmental justice, highlighting that numerous students attend schools in the unhealthy environments of several Chilean cities that frequently bear the burden of socioeconomic disadvantage.
Heavy metal contamination in urban roadside vegetables: origins, exposure pathways, and health implications
Authors: Boahen Ebenezer
Published: December 2024

Urban agriculture along major highways often exposes food crops to heavy metal contamination, primarily from vehicular emissions. This review examines the origins, exposure pathways, and health risks associated with heavy metals in roadside vegetables. Sources include both tailpipe emissions, such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), and non-tailpipe emissions from  tyre and brake wear, which release zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu). Contamination occurs through atmospheric deposition on plant surfaces and root uptake from polluted soils. A systematic synthesis of global case studies reveals alarming levels of heavy metals, often exceeding WHO/FAO thresholds. For instance, vegetables cultivated along the Accra-Tema motorway in Ghana contained cadmium levels up to 279 mg/kg, posing significant health risks. Similarly, roadside vegetables in India, Nigeria, and China demonstrated bioaccumulation of toxic elements, with health implications including carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects. The review highlights the direct and indirect exposure pathways for humans, such as dietary intake of contaminated vegetables, inhalation of particulates, and dermal contact. Health consequences include gastrointestinal distress, neurotoxicity, reproductive issues, and elevated cancer risks. To mitigate these risks, the review advocates for the prohibition of vegetable farming near high-traffic highways, along with the implementation of stringent monitoring programs to assess and control heavy metal levels. Future research should address ecological impacts and integrate diverse contamination sources to develop effective risk management strategies. This work is a critical resource for policymakers, researchers, and urban planners aiming to enhance food safety and public health in urban settings.
Life beyond a jar: Effects of tank size and furnishings on the behaviour and welfare of Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens)
Authors: Clark-Shen Naomi , Tariel-Adam Juliette , Gajanur Anya , Brown Culum
Published: December 2024

Globally, Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) continue to be sold and kept in small, barren jars or tanks, with little concern for their welfare. This study aimed to examine the impact of housing size and furnishings (i.e. live plants, refuges) on the behaviour of Siamese fighting fish, to understand optimal tank conditions. Thirteen male Siamese fighting fish were rotated between five different housing conditions: ‘jar’ (1.5 L); ‘small’ (3.3 L); ‘medium’ (5.6 L); ‘large’ (19.3 L); and ‘large-barren’ (19.3 L). All tanks had gravel and furnishings, except the large-barren tank which was devoid of these. Overall, tank size influenced behaviour. Fish were significantly more active and spent significantly less time resting and performing ‘abnormal’ behaviours (hovering and stereotypic swimming), in the large tank compared to the smaller tanks. Tank furnishings also influenced behaviour. Fishes in the large-barren tank performed more ‘abnormal’ behaviours (hovering, stereotypic swimming, interaction with the walls), compared to the large tank which had furnishings. These results suggest that the small, barren jars and tanks that Siamese fighting fish are often housed in are detrimental to their welfare, and larger, furnished tanks are more optimal. Behavioural variations were observed between the fish in this study, highlighting individual fish personality. We recommend a minimum tank size of 5.6 L for the display and sale of Siamese fighting fish, and tanks larger than this for keeping Siamese fighting fish at home. All tanks should contain gravel, live plants and refuges.
Single-molecule orientation-localization microscopy: Applications and approaches
Authors: Zhang Oumeng , Lew Matthew D.
Published: December 2024

Single-molecule orientation-localization microscopy (SMOLM) builds upon super-resolved localization microscopy by imaging orientations and rotational dynamics of individual molecules in addition to their positions. This added dimensionality provides unparalleled insights into nanoscale biophysical and biochemical processes, including the organization of actin networks, movement of molecular motors, conformations of DNA strands, growth and remodeling of amyloid aggregates, and composition changes within lipid membranes. In this review, we discuss recent innovations in SMOLM and cover three key aspects: (1) biophysical insights enabled by labeling strategies that endow fluorescent probes to bind to targets with orientation specificity; (2) advanced imaging techniques that leverage the physics of light-matter interactions and estimation theory to encode orientation information with high fidelity into microscope images; and (3) computational methods that ensure accurate and precise data analysis and interpretation, even in the presence of severe shot noise. Additionally, we compare labeling approaches, imaging hardware, and publicly available analysis software to aid the community in choosing the best SMOLM implementation for their specific biophysical application. Finally, we highlight future directions for SMOLM, such as the development of probes with improved photostability and specificity, the design of “smart” adaptive hardware, and the use of advanced computational approaches to handle large, complex datasets. This review underscores the significant current and potential impact of SMOLM in deepening our understanding of molecular dynamics, paving the way for future breakthroughs in the fields of biophysics, biochemistry, and materials science.
Conservation for nature and wildlife’s sake: the effects of (non-)anthropocentric ethical justifications on policy acceptability
Authors: Yehle Lauren , Michaelsen Patrik , Harring Niklas , Jagers Sverker C.
Published: December 2024

We conduct a survey experiment testing the causal link between ethical justifications and acceptability towards two environmental policies: conservation area expansion and wildlife infrastructure. In a 2 × 3 experiment with American participants (n = 1604), we test two ethical justifications – anthropocentric justification (nature as instrumentally valuable) and a non-anthropocentric justification (nature as intrinsically valuable) compared to a control group. We find partial support that non-anthropocentric justification increases policy acceptability compared to no justification. Contrary to expectations, non-anthropocentric justification leads to higher policy acceptability than anthropocentric justification. These results are robust to individual differences in political orientation and environmental concern. Additionally, participants in the non-anthropocentric experimental condition respond that similar conservation policies generally are, and should be, passed to benefit wildlife and ecosystems compared to control group participants. Likewise, participants given the anthropocentric justification report that similar policies are, and should be, passed for humans and society compared to the control group.
Malmö, Simrishamn, and Norrland: asymmetry in the categorization of place
Authors: Johansson Falck Marlene , Persson Kristina
Published: December 2024

Categorization plays a crucial role in organizing experiences, allowing us to make sense of the world. This process is reflected in the labels speakers use for geographical areas. This study investigates the categorization of geographical areas reflected in phrases including nouns for the three Swedish regions of Norrland, Svealand, or Götaland, and the conjunction och (‘and’). Using data from the Swedish Korp corpus (Borin et al. 2012), we examine how these regions and areas within them are represented in governmental, news, and social media texts. Results show that Svealand and Götaland are more commonly used with nouns for regions than Norrland. Norrland is used with phrases for more specific locations within the other regions (e.g. their towns and provinces) but also considerably larger areas (e.g. countries and continents) more commonly than the other regions, revealing asymmetry in how geographical areas in Sweden are categorized.
Structural convergence and algebraic roots
Authors: Hartman David , Hons Tomáš , Nešetřil Jaroslav
Published: December 2024

Structural convergence is a framework for the convergence of graphs by Nešetřil and Ossona de Mendez that unifies the dense (left) graph convergence and Benjamini-Schramm convergence. They posed a problem asking whether for a given sequence of graphs

$(G_n)$

converging to a limit

$L$

and a vertex

$r$

of

$L$

, it is possible to find a sequence of vertices

$(r_n)$

such that

$L$

rooted at

$r$

is the limit of the graphs

$G_n$

rooted at

$r_n$

. A counterexample was found by Christofides and Král’, but they showed that the statement holds for almost all vertices

$r$

of

$L$

. We offer another perspective on the original problem by considering the size of definable sets to which the root

$r$

belongs. We prove that if

$r$

is an algebraic vertex (i.e. belongs to a finite definable set), the sequence of roots

$(r_n)$

always exists.
Dignity restored: the power of treatment first
Authors: Biswas Jhilam
Published: December 2024

The perspective article explores systemic issues in psychiatric care, particularly the barriers to timely treatment and the ethical dilemmas involved in involuntary interventions. It further examines the impact of anosognosia—lack of disease insight—on treatment, noting the difficulties in managing care for those unaware of their illness, and scrutinizes training materials from international organizations that might mislabel necessary psychiatric practices as human rights violations, thereby complicating the care landscape. The discussion extends to the legal and societal implications of psychiatric interventions, using Massachusetts’ Rogers Guardianship as a case study to highlight the consequences of legalistic approaches to mental health treatment.

The article calls for destigmatizing psychiatric treatment and integrating robust, evidence-based practices to improve patient outcomes and healthcare equity. The global mental health policy landscape is urged to recognize the critical role of psychiatric care in restoring health and dignity to individuals with serious mental illnesses, advocating for a more nuanced understanding and application of human rights in mental health.
Subsurface Flows in Active Regions with Peculiar Magnetic Configurations
Authors: Jain Kiran , Tripathy Sushanta C.
Published: December 2024

We present analysis of the evolution of subsurface flows in and around active regions with peculiar magnetic configurations and compare their characteristics with the normal active regions. We also study the zonal and meridional components of subsurface flows separately in different polarity regions separately to better understand their role in flux migration. We use the techniques of local correlation tracking and ring diagrams for computing surface and subsurface flows, respectively. Our study manifests an evidence that the meridional component of the flows near anti-Hale active regions is predominantly equatorward which disagrees with the poleward flow pattern seen in pro-Hale active regions. We also find clockwise or anti-clockwise flows surrounding the anti-Joy active regions depending on their locations in the Southern or Northern hemispheres, respectively.
Solar activity reconstruction from the Georg Eimmart archive of 1616 – 1720
Authors: Zolotova Nadezhda V. , Vokhmyanin Mikhail V.
Published: December 2024

Historical sunspot records provide piece by piece more information on solar variability on a centennial scale. In this work, we analyze sunspot observations from the archives of Georg Christoph Eimmart, which is the second-richest data set of the Maunder minimum after the archives of the Paris observatory. Comparing the dates of the blank solar disk from the database by Hoyt & Schatten (1998) with dates of observations at the Eimmart observatory, we find that spotless days reports originate from astrometric observations. A comparison of the observations by La Hire and Müller of 1719 suggests that the observations by La Hire were for astrometric purposes as well, rather than aimed at sunspot counting.
Super Flares in M Stars and Associated Characteristics of Active Regions and Magnetic Fields
Authors: Varnana M. Kumar , Girish T. E. , Sathyan Thara N. , Haritha V. G. , Gopkumar G.
Published: December 2024

Observations of super flare occurrence (with energy 1033–1036 erg)s in low mass stars like M dwarfs still remains as a puzzle. In this paper we have inferred the typical sizes and characteristics of magnetic fields associated with active regions in M dwarfs responsible for these super flares. This is done by extrapolation of physical conditions associated with largest solar flares. The average poloidal and toroidal magnetic fields near the surface of selected M dwarfs will be also inferred in this context.
Dominating active regions in the minima of solar activity
Authors: Suleymanova R. A. , Abramenko V. I.
Published: December 2024

During minima of solar activity, it is possible to estimate the influence of convection zone turbulence on the magnetic flux tubes forming active regions (ARs), because the toroidal field of the old cycle weakens, and the new toroidal field is still weak. We analyzed ARs of solar minima between 23-24 and 24-25 solar cycles. ARs were classified as regular, irregular and unipolar spots. Regular ARs follow the empirical laws consistent with the Babcock–Leighton dynamo theory. We found that regular ARs dominate by flux and by number during the solar minima. Irregular ARs are mainly represented by bipolar structures of deformed orientation and contribute only one-third in the total flux and one-third in the total number. Very complex multipolar ARs are extremely rare. So, during solar minima the global dynamo still guides the formation of ARs, whereas the turbulence only slightly affects the toroidal flux tubes orientation.