bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Terahertz dynamic multidimensional modulation at Dirac point based on patterned graphene/gallium nitride hybridized with metasurfaces
Authors: Yao Hai-Yun , Yan Xin , Liang Lan-Ju , Yang Mao-Sheng , Yang Qi-Li , Lü Kai-Kai , Yao Jian-Quan ,   School of Opt-Electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China,   Institute of Micro-nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China,   College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China,   Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Technology & System, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
Published: March 2022

The development of terahertz (THz) technology is creating a demand for devices that can modulate THz beams. Here, we propose a novel THz modulator based on patterned graphene/gallium nitride Schottky diodes hybridized with metasurfaces. Ultrasensitive dynamic multidimensional THz modulation is achieved by changing the Schottky barrier of the heterojunction, shifting the Fermi level between the Dirac point, changing the conduction band and the valence of graphene via continuous-wave optical illumination or bias voltages. When the Fermi level is close to the Dirac point, the modulation is ultrasensitive to the external stimuli. Applying an optical power of 4.9–162.4 mW/cm2 or a bias voltage of 0.5–7.0 V, the modulation depth initially increases, then decreases, and the phase difference linearly increases, therein the maximum modulation depth is 90%, and the maximum phase difference is 189°. In short, the proposed THz modulator has potential application in ultra-sensitive optical devices.
Management of Periprosthetic Polyvinyl Alcohol Synthetic Cartilage Implant Infection with Staged First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis
Authors: DuBois Korey S. , Benner John , Monaco Spencer , Rossidis Michael T
Published: March 2022

Surgical management of hallux rigidus using a polyvinyl alcohol synthetic cartilage implant has gained popularity among foot and ankle surgeons. Although uncommon, appropriate diagnosis and management of a periprosthetic implant infection is critical in limiting morbidity. We present a case report and staged technique for converting a first metatarsal synthetic cartilage hemiarthroplasty to arthrodesis in the setting of a periprosthetic joint infection.
Nup98-dependent transcriptional memory is established independently of transcription
Authors: Pascual-Garcia Pau , Little Shawn C , Capelson Maya
Published: March 2022

Cellular ability to mount an enhanced transcriptional response upon repeated exposure to external cues is termed transcriptional memory, which can be maintained epigenetically through cell divisions and can depend on a nuclear pore component Nup98. The majority of mechanistic knowledge on transcriptional memory has been derived from bulk molecular assays. To gain additional perspective on the mechanism and contribution of Nup98 to memory, we used single-molecule RNA FISH (smFISH) to examine the dynamics of transcription in Drosophila cells upon repeated exposure to the steroid hormone ecdysone. We combined smFISH with mathematical modeling and found that upon hormone exposure, cells rapidly activate a low-level transcriptional response, but simultaneously begin a slow transition into a specialized memory state characterized by a high rate of expression. Strikingly, our modeling predicted that this transition between non-memory and memory states is independent of the transcription stemming from initial activation. We confirmed this prediction experimentally by showing that inhibiting transcription during initial ecdysone exposure did not interfere with memory establishment. Together, our findings reveal that Nup98’s role in transcriptional memory is to stabilize the forward rate of conversion from low to high expressing state, and that induced genes engage in two separate behaviors – transcription itself and the establishment of epigenetically propagated transcriptional memory.
Strip1 regulates retinal ganglion cell survival by suppressing Jun-mediated apoptosis to promote retinal neural circuit formation
Authors: Ahmed Mai , Kojima Yutaka , Masai Ichiro
Published: March 2022

In the vertebrate retina, an interplay between retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), amacrine (AC), and bipolar (BP) cells establishes a synaptic layer called the inner plexiform layer (IPL). This circuit conveys signals from photoreceptors to visual centers in the brain. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in its development remain poorly understood. Striatin-interacting protein 1 (Strip1) is a core component of the striatin-interacting phosphatases and kinases (STRIPAK) complex, and it has shown emerging roles in embryonic morphogenesis. Here, we uncover the importance of Strip1 in inner retina development. Using zebrafish, we show that loss of Strip1 causes defects in IPL formation. In strip1 mutants, RGCs undergo dramatic cell death shortly after birth. AC and BP cells subsequently invade the degenerating RGC layer, leading to a disorganized IPL. Mechanistically, zebrafish Strip1 interacts with its STRIPAK partner, Striatin 3 (Strn3), and both show overlapping functions in RGC survival. Furthermore, loss of Strip1 or Strn3 leads to activation of the proapoptotic marker, Jun, within RGCs, and Jun knockdown rescues RGC survival in strip1 mutants. In addition to its function in RGC maintenance, Strip1 is required for RGC dendritic patterning, which likely contributes to proper IPL formation. Taken together, we propose that a series of Strip1-mediated regulatory events coordinates inner retinal circuit formation by maintaining RGCs during development, which ensures proper positioning and neurite patterning of inner retinal neurons.
Strategic Compliance: A study of Professionals’ Responses to Sales Management Control
Authors: Singh Nina , Rennstam Jens
Published: March 2022

This study responds to the call for research on how different and often conflicting discourses co-exist in professionals’ everyday work experiences. The paper explores how professionals respond to sales management in the context of two professional service firms (PSFs). Based on a qualitative study of employees’ experiences of sales, our findings suggest that the professionals respond to sales management by engaging in strategic compliance, i.e., adhering to rules and expectations to achieve goals of professional advancement (financial, status, autonomy), which, in turn, reinforces their membership of the profession. We identified three modes of strategic compliance: career-, integration-, and survival-mode. This conceptual framework contributes with a deepened understanding of the complex relationship between professional work and sales management. Specifically, our study suggests that while strategic compliance may help professionals navigate the tensions between professional- and sales-ideals, it is also associated with struggle and normalizes sales as a part of professional work.
Biochemical analysis of collagens from the bone of lizardfish (Saurida tumbil Bloch, 1795) extracted with different acids
Authors: Jaziri Abdul Aziz , Shapawi Rossita , Mohd Mokhtar Ruzaidi Azli , Md. Noordin Wan Norhana , Huda Nurul
Published: March 2022

Background

Lizardfish (Saurida tumbil Bloch, 1795) bone is a fish by-product generated during industrial surimi processing. This by-product is an important source of collagen production since the use of terrestrial animal-based collagens no longer sought due to concern regarding the transfer of infectious diseases and religious issues. Hence, this study was carried out to determine the biochemical analysis of collagens from the bone of lizardfish extracted with different acids.

Methods

Lizardfish bone collagens were extracted with various acids (i.e., acetic, lactic and citric acids). All extraction processes were conducted in a chiller room (4 °C). The extracted collagens were biochemically characterized, such as hydroxyproline content, Ultraviolet (UV) absorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and solubility in different pH values and NaCl concentrations.

Results

The yield of extracted collagens ranged between 1.73% and 2.59%, with the highest (p < 0.05) observed in citric acid-extracted collagen (CaEC). Protein patterns confirmed that all-collagen samples had two identical subunits, α1 and α2, representing type I collagen. The highest whiteness value was found in acetic acid-extracted collagen (AaEC), but there was no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) compared to lactic acid-extracted collagen (LaEC). UV absorption and XRD analysis reflected the characteristics of the collagen, as reported in the literature. For the FTIR, all acid-extracted collagen samples presented a triple helical structure. The thermal transition temperature (Tmax = 77.92–89.04 °C) was in accordance with collagen extracted from other fish species. All extracted collagens were highly soluble in acidic pH and low concentrations of NaCl (0–20 g/L). In conclusion, collagens extracted from lizardfish bone may be used as alternative sources of collagen in industrial settings, and AaEC would be considered superior in terms of the characteristics evaluated in this study.
Voluntary Body Donation-Knowledge and Perspectives among Healthcare Workers in Southern India
Authors: Nattalam Priyadharshini Adikesavan , Goriparthi Bhavani Prasad , Rajagopal Rema Devi
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Cadaveric dissection is an integral part of teaching anatomy. In a developing country like India, where many medical institutions are on the cusp of growth, procuring cadavers leads to a great challenge. The major source of cadavers is unclaimed bodies, followed by a meagre number by the way of voluntary body donation. It is the call of the hour to encourage people to go in for voluntary body donation. Aim: To document legal and in-depth knowledge and attitude about body donation among healthcare professionals. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted during October 2017 to August 2018. A prevalidated, semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and attitude among 75 medical professionals and 75 healthcare assistants at Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, a tertiary care hospital in Pondicherry, India. Data was analysed by descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical version 21.0 for windows, and results expressed as percentage of the total study population. The Chi-square test was used to compare variables between doctors and healthcare assistants and p-value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Even though 96.7% of healthcare professionals were aware of body donation, only 65.3% doctors had adequate knowledge about legal aspects. This was much low among healthcare assistants (38.7%). All participants accepted that body donation enhances medical advancement, but only 17% of doctors were willing to donate. On the contrary, 47% of doctors and 40% of healthcare assistants expected the general public to donate (p=0.02). Although many influencing factors, 68.7% (75% doctors and 62% healthcare assistants) inferred that religion was not a barrier and participants of extreme ages (22.5 and 22%) were willing to engage in this altruist act. The major psychological frontier was depersonalisation of self by dissection of his or her own body (63% among doctors). Conclusion: The study revealed that lacunae regarding the legal aspect of body bequeathing prevail among healthcare professionals that need to be curtailed by providing adequate knowledge through seminars and continuing medical education programs aiming to healthcare professionals including healthcare assistants who bridge the gap between the medical professionals and common people. So, the reflection of knowledge and attitude of healthcare assistants are also considered crucial for winning the noble theme of “voluntary body donation.” Breaching the psychological barrier, depersonalisation of self and motivation would be the dawn of voluntary body donation.
Outcome of Women Referred with Postcaesarean Complication in a Tertiary Care Centre in North India: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Agrawal Smriti , Vartika Tripathi
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Rate of Caesarean Sections (CS) has increased over the last few decades. There is an increased referral of women with postcaesarean complications. Aim: To evaluate the outcome of women with postcaesarean complications. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King George’s Medical University Lucknow, India over six months from August 2018 to January 2019. All the women referred with postcaesarean complications were included in the study. Women who had complications following CS performed at the centre were excluded. Demographic variables including age, socio-economic status, literacy, number of antenatal visits, indication for CS. The type of complication, number of places visited before admission, the interval between complication and admission, availability of referral documents, interventions required and outcome was noted. Chisquared tests were used to test for statistical significance. Thep-value was considered to be significant if <0.05. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software 20.0. Results: Total women enrolled were 146, with mean age of women was 27.69±4.7 years. The youngest woman was 19 years, while the oldest was 36 years. Total 60.2% (88/146) women were referred from government centres, and the majority of women (82.18%) reached tertiary centres directly and had a referral document. The interval between complication and admission was within 24 hours in only 55 (37.66%) women. The most common reason for referral was septicaemia (39,26.71%), followed by Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) (27,18.49%). Mortality was seen in 35,24.6 % of women. Conclusion: Most women referred with postcaesarean complications were from the public health system with appropriate referral procedures. Timely referral after detection of complications will improve maternal outcome.
Variable Origin of Axillary Artery Branches in Indian Male Cadaver- A Case Report
Authors: Esakkiammal N , Johnson WMS , Archana R
Published: March 2022

In clinical and surgical procedures, the variable origins of the axillary artery branches are significant for identifying uncommon symptoms and signs. The present case report documents an unusual origin of the axillary artery branches during dissection of a male cadaver in the anatomy department of an undergraduate and postgraduate teaching medical college in India. Normally, the superior thoracic artery arises from the first part of the axillary artery. In the present case, the second part of the axillary artery gave rise to a common trunk, from which the thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, and subscapular arteries originated. Further, the thoracodorsal, circumflex humeral, and posterior circumflex humeral arteries originate from the subscapular artery whereas the anterior circumflex humeral artery only originates from the third part of the axillary artery. During surgical procedures performed in the region of the axilla, anatomists, radiologists, and cardiologists need to be aware of variations in the origin of axillary artery branches. During surgical procedures performed in the region of the axilla, anatomists, radiologists, and cardiologists need to be aware of variations in the origin of axillary artery branches.
A REVIEW ON VAIKRUTAPAHA CHIKITSA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF VRANA (WOUND)
Authors: H Yashwanthakumar , Katti Anand
Published: March 2022

Vrana chikitsa has been given more emphasis since Samhita period, an elaborated description found in Sushruta Samhita for its effective management under the heading of Shashti upakrama, out of which certain procedures are explained for the management of skin abnormalities which are called as Vaikrutapaha chikitsa, these procedures infer regarding the fact that cosmetology was given utmost importance in Ayurveda.In current scenario, the practice of Vaikrutapaha chikitsa remains unnoticed in the presence of modern surgical measures, these are costly, may be out of reach for common man. So, there is need of natural result-oriented procedure which are economical and carries minimal side effects. So, these techniques can be critically evaluated and implemented for the curative and cosmetic aspect of Vrana chikitsa.
Dietary Habits and Physical Exercise among Nursing Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Murshid Bothyna Z.
Published: March 2022

College students can make inappropriate food choices owing to a lack of nutritional knowledge and understanding of dietary requirements. Increasing physical inactivity among college students is also a serious public health problem. To assess dietary habits and physical exercise among nursing students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. In 2018, this cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at a single college in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, with a convenience sample of 104 level-4—or second year—undergraduate nursing students. Data were collected using a three-part self-assessment questionnaire. More than one-third of the students were overweight; two-thirds consumed unhealthy snacks, and most failed to drink enough water and were physically inactive. The prevalence of overweight and obesity suggests the significance of frequent educational campaigns and seminars on healthy eating and physical activity. Also, further research is needed to assess college students’ knowledge and attitudes about healthy diet and the importance of regular physical exercise.
Determinants Associated with Women Empowerment: The Perspectives and Views of Char Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Nurani Nur–E-Shahrin , Abluddalh Md. Masum
Published: March 2022

Aim: The study analyzed the determinants associated with empowerment of char women in the northern region of Bangladesh.

Study Deigns: Purposive random sampling procedure.

Place and Duration of Study: Data was collected from two villages namely Horipur and Kanchibari from Sundorganj upazilla of Gaibandha district and Chilmary and Raniganj from Chilmary upazilla of Kurigram district. The duration of data collection was from 15th October to 12th December 2020.

Methodology: From 1440 population around 6percent of the representative sample was taken randomly as sample of the study. The sample size of the study were 200. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression model were used to data analysis.

Results: Outcomes reveals that most of the respondents had medium empowerment 57 percent where 39 percent had low empowerment and only 4 percent had high empowerment. Training, women personal income, access to credit and extent of participation on income generating activities were the important variables that significant at .05percent and .01percent level influence women empowerment of the study area with an R2 value of 0.44. Contrary, access to resources and problem was important fact in char area which had negative trend with women empowerment.

Conclusion: To minimize the existing char problem should be ensured the supplying of enough agricultural inputs (seeds, fertilizer, pesticides, vaccine) and nonagricultural inputs in time through regular governmental programs. Education has potential link with women empowerment and recommends for the promotion of education in char rural area to build women’s capacity.
Determinants of Voluntary HIV/AIDS Counseling and Testing among University Students in Ghana
Authors: Banyeh Moses , Kankpi Thea , Zogli Kervin Edinam , Mohammed Seidu
Published: March 2022

Aim: The onset of the new global pandemics such as COVID-19 and Ebola may have shifted attention from factors affecting voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for HIV/AIDS, especially among university students. The study sought to determine the factors influencing VCT uptake among university students.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the University for Development Studies, from May to June 2020.

Methodology: The study population was 119 (males: 71.4% and females: 28.6%) aged between 20 to 45 years. Data were collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire.

Results: Males were less likely to obtain information regarding VCT from the hospital as compared to the media [OR: 0.193(95%CI: 0.041-0.914)]. A student who was informed regarding VCT [OR: 6.833(95%CI 1.258-37.119)], a student who knew where VCT services were provided [OR: 9.336(3.002-29.032)], a student who was willing to take an HIV test [OR: 4.400(1.515-12.777)] and a student who tested for HIV on campus [OR: 5.455(1.930-15.418)] had greater odds of VCT uptake. However, the odds that a student tested for HIV was less for other reasons either than medical [OR: 0.284(0.084-0.959)].

Conclusions: The findings of this study are useful for healthcare providers, non-governmental organizations, policymakers and university management regarding HIV infection prevention and control among students.
Plagiarism in Higher Academic Institutions, a Blight on Intellectual Integrity: An Interventionist Approach
Authors: Boahen Eunice Adu , Glover Reuben , Boateng Kofi Agyenim , Nimo Nunoo Irene Esi Otuba
Published: March 2022

Although studies on students’ plagiarism continue to attract research attention, there are still lacunas in the literature in terms of adequate interventions to combat the menace in higher educational institutions. This study set out to examine plagiarism behaviour among students at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (KNUST) a leading Ghanaian university. The study employs a quantitative research technique informed by a positivistic orientation.  Findings point to the need to treat students’ assignments as a process, not a product. It was concluded that covert and overt techniques are the best interventionist approaches to ascertaining and minimising students’ plagiarism tendencies. The study recommends the need for organizational structures to deal with the ‘menace’ and the pursuit of vigorous plagiarism awareness programmes for students and faculty.  A concerted effort and commitment by students and faculty in combating plagiarism at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (KNUST) could promote intellectual integrity in the university.
Age and Growth Estimations of Decapterus Kurroides Using Otolith in the Waters of Eastern Taiwan
Authors: Huang Wen-Bin , Tung Jen-Hui , Pranata Kevin
Published: March 2022

Aims: Redtail scad (Decapterus kurroides Bleeker, 1855) was once an economically important Carangidae species in Taiwan. This study determined age using otolith increments and re-evaluated the parameters of growth equations for this species.

Place and Duration of Study: Fish samples were collected monthly off the coast of Taitung, eastern Taiwan.

Methodology: A total of 367 specimens were observed in this study. To determine fish age, otolith age determination method was used. The largest and smallest otolith rings were seven and two, and their corresponding means of fork length (FL) were 29.2 and 12.2 cm, respectively.

Results: Most samples had six otolith rings with a mean FL of 27.2 cm.  The von Bertalanffy growth equation is FLt = 30.44 (1 – e −0.52 (t - 1.50)) for females and FLt = 32.45 (1 – e −0.39 (t – 1.18)) for males. The otolith opaque zone annually formed from September to October. The relationship of body weight (BW) and Fork Length (FL) differed significantly between genders: BW = 0.334 × 10-2 FL3.463 for females and BW = 0.469 × 10-2 FL3.349 for males. The sex ratio was 0.56 over a whole year and varied among the age groups.

Conclusion: This study using the otolith method revises the estimations of age and growth parameters for the D. kurroides, which would be beneficial to manage and recover this species stock in the waters of Taiwan.
Effect of Treated Wastewater Irrigation Combined with Manure and Inorganic Nutrients on Fodder Yield and Proximate Parameters of Bajra Napier Hybrid Grass in Cauvery Delta Region of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Senthilkumar D. , Latha K. R. , Thavaprakaash N. , Malarvizhi P. , Maheswari M. , Ramachandran M.
Published: March 2022

Aim: In arid and semi-arid areas recycling of water may have a greater impact on future usable water supply than any of the other technologies aimed for increasing water supply. Efforts have been taken on maximizing the benefit and minimizing the detrimental effects on people or the environment due to continuous usage of treated wastewater. Hence, the current experiment was aimed to study the effect of treated wastewater in combination with organic and inorganic nutrients on bajra napier hybrid grass on yield and quality parameters.

Study Design: The field experiment was conducted using secondary treated wastewater, manure and inorganic nutrients in Bajra Napier hybrid grass variety CO(BN) 5 with a strip plot design and four replications.

Place and duration of study: The experiment was conducted in Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, during 2018-19 (10.62ᵒ N latitude and 79.26ᵒ East longitude).

Methodology: The five ratios of irrigation water were used in horizontal factor treatments and four different nutrient combination treatments were allotted in the vertical factor. The plot was divided into 27 m2 with 2 m space between the plots. The two budded setts of bajra napier hybrid grass variety CO (BN)-5 were planted at 60 x 50 cm spacing. The flood irrigation and nutrients (basal and top-dressing) were applied as per the treatments.

Results: The use of treated wastewater for irrigation combined with manure and inorganic nutrients significantly increased the total green and dry fodder yields. Irrigation treatment with treated wastewater alone + 100% inorganic nutrients (I5N1) recorded significantly higher total green and dry fodder yields of 431.0 and 76.7 t ha-1 yr-1, respectively, than all other treatment combinations. Irrigated with groundwater alone (control) without nutrients (I1N4) recorded the lowest total green and dry fodder yields (222.5 and 47.6 t ha−1 yr-1, respectively). The average crude protein content of all total cuttings was significantly higher (13.53%) in I5N1 than all other treatments. On the other hand, the average crude fibre content (28.03%) was significantly lower in the treatment I5N1 as compared to irrigated with groundwater without nutrients (31.18%).

Conclusion: The perennial fodder crop Bajra Napier hybrid grass variety CO (BN) 5 cultivated under-treated wastewater combined with manure and inorganic nutrients increased the total green and dry fodder yields with beneficial proximates. The use of treated wastewater for fodder cultivation helps conserve groundwater and effectively utilize available nutrients in treated wastewater.
Carbon Sequestration for Major Land Use/ Land Cover Types of Urmodi Basin of Maharashtra, India
Authors: S. Shinde Sangita , Nandgude S. B. , Mane M. S. , Salunkhe S. S.
Published: March 2022

Aim: The goal is to calculate total biomass, carbon stock, and total CO2 sequestered by forest and crop in the watershed. To create a thematic map to investigate spatial variation.

Place and Duration of Study: The study took place in the Urmodi basin in Satara, Maharashtra (India) between June 2015 and June 2016.

Methodology: In this study, carbon stocks in different land use categories in the Urmodi basin were assessed using in situ destructive and non-destructive biomass estimating methods. To investigate the spatial variance of carbon stock values in the Urmodi basin, thematic maps were created.

Results: The carbon stock value of vegetation in the Urmodi basin was 0.53 million tonnes of carbon. The amount of CO2 sequestered by vegetation in the Urmodi basin was 1.973 million tonnes.

Conclusion: In micro watersheds, low carbon stock values were linked to damaged land. If fresh plant cover is formed on damaged lands, they have a great potential to store carbon in the soil. By sequestering a significant amount of CO2 from the atmosphere, vegetation plays a vital part in the global carbon cycle. As a result, carbon sequestration through forest growth is the most cost-effective method of mitigating global climate change.
Effect of Crop Management Practices on Growth, Yield, Quality, Economics of Buckeye Rot, Alternaria Disease of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) var. Solan Lalima
Authors: . Shilpa , Bijalwan Priyanka , Shukla Y. R. , K. Kansal Sandeep , Thakur K. S.
Published: March 2022

A study was carried out for two successive years (2017/2018 and 2018/2019) in the Research Farm of Vegetable Science, Dr YSP, UHF, Nauni, Solan, HP. The maximum value for number of flower clusters per plant (12.64), number of fruits per cluster (6.51), fruit weight (80.47 g), number of fruits per plot (140.71 kg) and yield per hectare (992.94 q) were obtained in treatment module P1M1T1 (raised bed, black polythene mulch and two stem training system). Pericarp thickness (4.99 mm), TSS (5.10 degree Brix) and lycopene content (6.42 mg per 100 g of fresh fruit) was also found best for the same treatment combination. The incidence of buckeye rot (3.46 %) and Alternaria leaf bight (2.80 %) was minimum in P1M1T1 (raised bed, black polythene mulch and two stem training system). The treatment combination P1M1T1 (raised bed, black mulch and two stem training system) also produced highest cost benefit ratio (3.84 %).
Microbial Enriched Biochar Levels and Fertilizer Doses on Soil Chemical Properties under Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) Production
Authors: Nimbalkar S. D. , Patil D. S. , Kote R. C. , Rajwade P. R.
Published: March 2022

Intensive cultivation of vegetables and imbalanced fertilization depleted the soil nutrients and caused low yield with poor quality crops. A novel microbial enriched biochar and fertilizer combination could alleviate the soil and nutrient stress. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted with 14 treatments [4 levels of biochar (5, 7.5,10, 15 t ha-1), 3 doses of fertilizers (50, 75,100% of recommended) along with without biochar and absolute control] in spinach production. This study was conducted with randomized block designed and replicated three times in trial plot at BAIF, Central Research Station, Pune during 2020-2021.  Maximum growth parameters (plant height, leaf length, leaf width and petiole length) were recorded in (T4) with Biochar @ 10 tha-1 + 75% of RDF followed by in (T7) Biochar @ 7.5 tha-1 +50% of RDF. Whereas, the highest Spinach yield (18.58 tha-1) was recorded under (T4) Biochar @ 10 tha-1 + 75 % of RDF followed by (T3) Biochar @ 7.5 tha-1 + 75 % of RDF recorded (17.93 tha-1). The treatment (T1) @ 100 % RDF has registered as superior from an economic point of view. Furthermore, the minimum values of growth and yield were recorded under absolute control. Based on the above results it is concluded that the combined application of microbial enriched biochar(10t ha-1) and fertilizers (75% of recommended dose) enhanced the nutrient availability to spinach for maximum growth and yield.
Future of Nanotechnology in Solar Energy and Hydrogen Energy
Authors: Parmar Khushank , Bhande Ramesh
Published: March 2022

As we are moving towards a more technological future. The demand for greener energy is increasing and with this, new challenges are being faced relating to the production and use of renewable energy. To tackle this problem and bridge the gap between the production and consumption of renewable energy, nanotechnology is advancing. This Paper gives the basic summary of nanotechnology and its manufacturing and aims to introduce several significant applications of nanotechnology in renewable energy systems. It includes the theoretical study of solar energy, hydrogen energy and applications of nanotechnology in these sector. This study will help us understand, what role nanotechnology will be playing in the advancement of renewable energy.
Overview on Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation
Authors: Albahlool Abdulrahman M. , Alshehri Omar Khalid M. , Alrasheed Saeed Mohammed , Al Ali Muzaynah Abdullah , Al Sharif Abdullah Owaidh R.
Published: March 2022

Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) can affect people of all skin colours, but it is more common in people of colour, such as African Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, Asians, Native Americans, Pacific Islanders, and those of Middle Eastern descent. There is no distinction between men and women. In darker-skinned acne sufferers, the prevalence of PIH might reach 65 percent. Many studies have demonstrated that topical retinoids, especially in darker skin types, can be beneficial in treating PIH associated with acne. However, Hydroquinone is still a go-to treatment for melasma and hyperpigmentation, and it's commonly referred to as the "gold standard." triple combination fixed treatment has also become a common intervention, with evidence showing that the combination is more successful than hydroquinone monotherapy. In this review article we will be looking at PIH etiology, epidemiology, different treatment options as well as the effectiveness of each medication.
Mental Health Disorders during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review
Authors: Tiwari Varun , Lele Riddhi , Sharma Aanchal , Banait Shashank
Published: March 2022

India prides upon its youth, but its youth is being tarnished by mental health ailments which are significant shareholders of India’s non-fatal diseases. It is a significant primary reason for increasing substance abuse, suicide, and violence among Indian youth. If one person is suffering from depression or any other mental ailments, then the patient's family, friends, and work colleagues are all affected by it indirectly or directly; these ailments affect a person’s capability to judge a situation and his capability. It is an invisible illness but clearly visible among youth, yet still stigmatized so much that people often fear coming forward and getting help. Fortunately, some stigmas have been reduced, but there are miles to go before people are as comfortable seeking help in other diseases. Mental illness is still treated as either untouchability or a reason to justify one's action. To overcome this problem, we need to educate the population from an early age to create a safe environment to come out and report mental illness so that the treatment and counseling can start as soon as possible to save those who are being pushed into the depths of darkness and instability. But to address this problem ultimately, we will also need competent psychologists and psychiatrists. The psychiatrist to patient ratio is currently 0.75 psychiatrists for 100,000 patients, and the optimum is above three psychiatrists for 100,000 patients. According to experts, the current pandemic will increase mental instability amongst the population leading to higher substance abuse, suicide, etc.
A Case Report on Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Kirade Sahil , Meshram Priyanka , Umate Roshan , Wasnik Hemlata
Published: March 2022

Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (ML) can have devastating consequences, although early detection can help avoid difficulties. This research aims to explore clinical markers that can detect ML early. The protozoal infection Leishmaniasis is caused by fungal pathogens. The skin and mucosa are affected by mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). India is home to species like Leishmania donovani and Leishmania major, which cause visceral and epidermal leishmaniasis, respectively.

The Main Diagnosis, Therapeutic Intervention and Outcome: Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis was diagnosed after a physical examination and investigation by the doctor. Patient was treated antiepileptic drug and antianxiety drugs to reduce fear and anxiety.

Therapeutic Intervention: Antipyretics and antibiotics such as Tab. Paracetamol, Injection Ceftriaxone 1 gm IV (BD), Tablet Pantoprazole 40 Mg iv (OD), Inj. Ondansetron 4 mg iv (TDS) were given for 7 days in this instance with Narcolepsy.

Outcome: For fever, the patient was given medications prescribed by the doctor, such as paracetamol. In addition, the patient's condition improved as a result of the medical treatment. The patient's problems had subsided, and he reported feeling better.

Nursing Perspectives: To control fever, the patient was given medications prescribed by the doctor, such as paracetamol. In addition, the patient's condition improved as a result of the medical treatment. The patient's problems had subsided, and he was in better shape.

Conclusion: The patient was admitted to A.V.B.R. Hospital with a headache, breathing difficulties, muscle weakness, walking difficulties, reduced balance and coordination, and other symptoms. In this case of Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis, the patient received the necessary treatment and medications. The condition of the patient had improved.
Myths and Facts about COVID-19 and Vaccination
Authors: Dutta Shaina , Wagh Pankaj , Singh Adarshlata , Heda Arjun
Published: March 2022

A year ago, in the year 2020, the entire globe was seized by a minuscule particle known as the CORONA VIRUS. The Coronavirus, which originated in Wuhan, China, has now spread to every corner of the world, some more than others. There has been a lot of worry and fear about this disease all around the world. There are several misunderstandings and questions about this condition, and individuals are prone to believing everything they hear in the media without verifying it. COVID19, or Corona Virus Disease of 2019, is a one-of-a-kind virus that has wreaked havoc over the world and has become one of humanity's greatest threats. All the misconceptions and confusion and beliefs have led to more damage.

Coronaviruses are a kind of virus that causes sickness in animals such as humans and birds. Infections of the respiratory system caused by coronaviruses have a wide range and can vary from person to person from no to mild infection which sometimes can be fatal, particularly in humans. Some cases of rhinorrhoea (which can be can be due to other viruses, particularly rhinoviruses) are not life-threatening, but more fatal strains can cause SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. In other species, the symptoms are different.

There are presently no drugs available to prevent or treat human infections. Even though vaccination trials have begun and individuals are being immunized all over the world. Coronaviruses are members of the Coronaviridae family, the order Nidovirale: s, and the Orthocoronavirinae subfamily of the realm Riboviria. The World Health Organization (WHO) proclaimed the COVID-19 outbreak to be a pandemic in March 2020.

Many instances of pneumonia with an unknown underlying cause have been reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, since December 8, 2019. The great majority of the patients were either employees or residents of the Huanan wholesale fish market, which also sold other live animals. Severe acute respiratory infection symptoms appeared early in the course of this pneumonia, with some patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), abrupt respiratory failure, and other devastating consequences.

On January 7, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) discovered a new coronavirus from a patient's throat swab sample, which the World Health Organization later called 2019 nCoV (WHO). This article includes various myths and their explanation about COVID vaccination. However, it has been observed that COVID-19 vaccination is completely safe.
Nano-medicine in General Medicine
Authors: Srivastav Samriddhi , Kumar Sunil
Published: March 2022

Nanotechnology has emerged as a high-potential technical field because it should be utilized in practically almost every situation of recent life. Medical research is among the fields where nanotechnologies are predicted to play a vital role. The fusion of nanotechnology and medicine has given rise to a brand-new scientific subject referred to as nanomedicine. Nanomedicine may be a field that strives to improvise person’s well-being in every possible manner and imaginable by utilizing nanotechnology techniques and principles. In terms of observations, diagnostic, bioanalysis, and imaging, nanotechnology offers monitoring tools and technology platforms. The National Institutes of Health has coined the term "nanomedicine" to explain applying nanotechnology to biological systems for diagnosis, treatment, evaluating, and control. Cancers (tumour cells, similarly as tumour neo-vasculature) are mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells. Presently, nanotechnology plus nanoscience methods to particle design and formulation are setting out to extend the marketplace for many pharmaceuticals and are laying the groundwork for a lucrative niche within the business, but a number of the anticipated benefits are exaggerated. The potential hazards and negative effects of nanoparticles are explored. These particles are at the forefront of nanotechnology's fast-paced development. Due to their idiosyncratic size-dependent characteristics, these materials ought to be excellent and indispensable in many human activities. This brief study attempts to summarize current discoveries in the field of applied nanomaterials with their applications in medicine.
Acute Non-Haemorrhagic Contusion: A Case Report
Authors: Nagrale Jaya , Rewatkar Priya , Pathade Aniket , Wange Nitin
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The most common type of brain injury is traumatic brain injury (TBI). severe of all traumatic wounds, typically keeping physical, cognitive, behavioral, and emotional deficits. TBI is estimated to cost $60 billion a year including medical care in the United States expenses and lost productivity costs making it one of the cost healthcare expenses. Thurman et al., 1999; Langloisetal.,2006; Selassieetal.,2008; Langlois and others. Langlois .and others, 2006). To begin, we’ll go at the theory, which states that a latent or explicit coagulopathy causes Bleeding from microvessels that were fractured during the primary injury may continue or be delayed.

Main Symptoms and the Important Clinical Findings: A male patient was admitted to Acharya Vinoba Bhave rural hospital on dated 17-07-2021 with the chief complaint of sudden paralysis in right upper limb and lower limb since 11/7/2021 exact time not know H/O RTA  9 years back with head trauma. After a physical examination and investigation, the doctor diagnoses a case of acute non-hemorrhagic contusion since at the 3 years back for which he was hospitalized for 20 days after the investigation was observed he took treatment for that and his outcome was good. acute non-hemorrhagic contusion depending on the severity of injury Headache confusion dizziness loss of nausea. Vomiting seizures, difficulty with coordination and moment lightheadedness, tinnitus, and spinning sensation.

Main Diagnostic Therapeutic Intervention and Outcome: After a physical examination and investigation doctor diagnoses a case of acute non-hemorrhagic contusion Tablet Levepsy 500mg BD, Tablet Dolo 650 mg TDS, Tab pantoprazole 40 mg BD, Tab Atorva40 mg given to a patient. The patient response to all medication and his outcome was good. trying to reserve any signs and symptoms that have appeared Doctor advised follow-up after 1 month a Sonography, blood investigation, and other examination to know the further disease progression. trying to reserve any signs and symptoms that have appeared Doctor advised follow up after 1 month a Sonography, blood investigation, and other examination to know the further disease progression.

Conclusion: Trying to reserve any sign and symptoms that have appeared Doctor advised follow up after 1 month a Sonography, blood investigation, and other examination to know the further disease progression.
A Clinical Case Report: Closed Extraction of a Broken Distal Piece of the Tibial Intramedullary Nail Remaining for 8 Years
Authors: Mao Guoshu , Wei Changbao , Yin Qudong
Published: March 2022

Aim: Closed extraction of a broken distal piece of the intramedullary nail is very challenging. We herein report a case of the broken distal piece of the tibial intramedullary nail remaining for 8 years, which was successfully extracted by closed method using a self-made broken nail extractor.

Case Presentation: A 51-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital for extraction of the broken distal piece of the tibial intramedullary nail for 8 years. The preoperative X-ray films showed the broken intramedullary nail was cannulated and the outer diameter is 10 mm, larger than the isthmus of the medullary cavity.

Results: After reaming with Φ 11 mm drill, the self-made broken nail extractor was inserted into the medullary cavity from the nail entry point and passed through the canal of the broken nail, and successfully pulled out the broken nail.

Conclusion: Our technique is a simple reproducible alternative that has high extraction success rate for broken distal piece of cannulated intramedullary nails.
Association of Neck Circumference with Other Anthropometric Indices and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Zardari Mevo Khan , Laghari Zulifiquar Ali
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To study the importance of neck circumference (NC) for the early detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and to determine the association of NC with other anthropometric parameters and CVD risk factors.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2018 to June 2019. Total 610 healthy young adults male and females, aged from 18 to 35 years and permanent residents of Shaheed Benazir Abad District of Sindh were randomly selected. Those who had any type of illness, known diabetes and on any medication were excluded from this study. The data including, Socio-demographic, Anthropometric and Biochemical was collected through interview based structured questionnaire which was designed through review of literature of previous studies. Blood pressure was measured by using sphygmomanometer. The blood sample was collected in the morning timings while participants were fasting. The blood sample was analyzed for fasting blood sugar and lipid profile using standard kit methods and according to manufacturer’s instructions. Neck circumference was measured at the upper edge of the thyroid ligament by a non-versatile measuring tape. Consent was obtained before collecting the data, SPSS 18 version was used for the statistical analysis of data.

Results: Out of total 610, 313 (51.3%) were male participants and 297 (48.7%) were female participants. In male, NC was positively correlated with SBP (r=0.589), DBP (r=0.586), FBS (r=0.358), TG (r=0.606), LDL (r=0.590) and VLDL (r=0.606), however, NC was negatively correlated with HDL-C (r=-0.434). Similarly, in female, the NC was positively correlated with SBP (r=0.552), DBP (r=0.672), FBS (r=0.437), TG (r=0.610), LDL (r=0.592) and VLDL (r=0.610) and LDL(r=0.590) however, NC was also negatively correlated with HDL-C (r=-0.-526) in females. All other CVD risk factors showed significant association with increased NC in both male and female participants.  

Conclusion: Neck circumference is positively correlated with CVD risk factors in both male and female participants, NC is easy and quick to measure and it can be used as an alternative of other anthropometric parameters.
Study of Low Back Pain in Obese Patients
Authors: Agola Rahul , Dhaniwala Nareshkumar
Published: March 2022

Low back pain, a very common presenting complaint in orthopaedic Outpatient department is caused by various factors such as strenuous physical work, Poor Posture, Trauma, Age related degeneration of vertebral joints and various diseases of ligaments and bones. Overweight and Obesity cause changes in Posture and biomechanics of lumbar spine function and weight transmission. Relationship between low back pain and Obesity requires study to learn about its causation and its effect. This study is an attempt in this direction by measuring the parameters of Body mass Index and its effects on Lumbosacral angles.