bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lösungsmöglichkeiten bei fehlgeschlagener Osteosynthese am proximalen Femur
Authors: Müller Christof A.
Published: November 2020

Revisionseingriffe sind anspruchsvoll und eine genaue Problemanalyse ist Voraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung. Dabei sind alle Aspekte, wie die Biomechanik, Vaskularität sowie die individuellen Ansprüche des Patienten zu berücksichtigen. Nur bei Kenntnis verschiedener Osteosynthesetechniken, Techniken der Endoprothetik und Revisionsendoprothetik können komplexe Situationen bestmöglich gelöst werden.
Netzhautablösung – Teil 2
Authors: Schaub Friederike , Schick Tina
Published: November 2020

Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Behandlung der Netzhautablösung. Hier wird unterschieden zwischen behandlungsbedürftigen Ablatiovorstufen, die retinopexiert werden, und der manifesten Netzhautablösung, welche weiterführender Chirurgie bedarf. Nicht immer bedeutet ein anatomischer Erfolg zugleich auch einen funktionellen Erfolg. Typische postoperative Komplikationen und Einflussfaktoren auf das anatomische und funktionelle Ergebnis werden vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Effectiveness of topical budesonide in preventing esophageal strictures after endoscopic resection of esophageal cancer
Authors: van de Ven Steffi Elisabeth Maria , Snijders Manon J.B.L. , Bruno Marco J. , Koch Arjun Dave
Published: November 2020

Background and study aims A disadvantage of endoscopic resection (ER) of early esophageal cancer (EC) is the high stricture rate after resection. A risk factor for stricture development is a mucosal defect after ER of ≥ 75 % of the esophageal circumference. Stricture rates up to 94 % have been reported in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of oral treatment with topical budesonide for stricture prevention after ER of early EC.

Patients and methods We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study of patients who received topical budesonide after ER of EC between March 2015 and April 2020. The primary endpoint was the esophageal stricture rate after ER. Stricture rates of our cohort were compared with stricture rates of control groups in the literature.

Results In total, 42 patients were treated with ER and topical budesonide. A total of 18 of 42 patients (44.9 %) developed a stricture. The pooled stricture rate of control groups in the literature was 75.3 % (95 % CI 68.8 %-81.9 %). Control groups consisted of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with a mucosal defect after ER of ≥ 75 % of the esophageal circumference. Comparable patients of our cohort had a lower stricture rate (47.8 % vs. 75.3 %, P = 0.007).

Conclusions Topical budesonide therapy after ER for EC seems to be a safe and effective method in preventing strictures. The stricture rate after budesonide treatment is lower compared to the stricture rate of patients who did not receive a preventive treatment after ER reported in the literature.
Polysaccharide hemostatic powder to prevent bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection in high risk patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jung Da Hyun , Moon Hee Seok , Park Chan Hyuk , Park Jun Chul
Published: November 2020

Background Bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a severe adverse event. Several methods to prevent post-ESD bleeding (PEB) have been introduced; however, they have not been widely used because of technical difficulties. We aimed to investigate whether polysaccharide hemostatic powder (PHP), which is very easy to apply, can prevent early post-ESD bleeding, especially in patients with a high risk of post-ESD bleeding.

Methods This was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled trial. Patients with a high risk for post-ESD bleeding were enrolled. Patients with gastric neoplasms in whom the resected specimen size was expected to be > 40 mm and those who were regularly taking antithrombotic agents were defined as high risk patients. Patients were randomly assigned to the PHP or control groups.

Results Between May 2017 and September 2018, 143 patients were enrolled (PHP group, 73; control group, 70). The total post-ESD bleeding rate was 6.3 % (PHP group, 5.5 % vs. control group, 7.1 %; P = 0.74). There was no bleeding within 7 days after ESD in the PHP group. Continued antithrombotic use was an independent risk factor for post-ESD bleeding. In subgroup analysis excluding the patients who continued to take antithrombotic agents (n = 129) during ESD, the rate of post-ESD bleeding tended to be lower in the PHP group than in the control group (0 % vs. 6.3 %; P = 0.06).

Conclusion PHP did not demonstrate a significant effect on the prevention of post-ESD bleeding in this study. Further larger scale, randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm this.
Circulating Amyloid Beta 1–40 Is Associated with Increased Rate of Progression of Atherosclerosis in Menopause: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lambrinoudaki Irene , Delialis Dimitrios , Georgiopoulos Georgios , Tual-Chalot Simon , Vlachogiannis Nikolaos I. , Patras Raphael , Aivalioti Evmorfia , Armeni Eleni , Augoulea Areti , Tsoltos Nikolaos , Soureti Anastasia , Stellos Konstantinos , Stamatelopoulos Kimon
Published: November 2020

Background Accumulating evidence suggests that circulating amyloidβ 1–40 (Αβ1–40), a proatherogenic aging peptide, may serve as a novel biomarker in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to explore the role of plasma Αβ1–40 and its patterns of change over time in atherosclerosis progression in postmenopausal women, a population with substantial unrecognized CVD risk beyond traditional risk factors (TRFs).

Methods In this prospective study, Αβ1–40 was measured in plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and atherosclerosis was assessed using carotid high-resolution ultrasonography at baseline and after a median follow-up of 28.2 months in 152 postmenopausal women without history or symptoms of CVD.

Results At baseline, high Αβ1–40 was independently associated with higher carotid bulb intima-media thickness (cbIMT) and the sum of maximal wall thickness in all carotid sites (sumWT) (p < 0.05). Αβ1–40 levels increased over time and were associated with decreasing renal function (p < 0.05 for both). Women with a pattern of increasing or persistently high Αβ1–40 levels presented accelerated progression of cbIMT and maximum carotid wall thickness and sumWT (p < 0.05 for all) after adjustment for baseline Αβ1–40 levels, TRFs, and renal function.

Conclusion In postmenopausal women, a pattern of increasing or persistently high Αβ1–40 was associated with the rate of progression of subclinical atherosclerosis irrespective of its baseline levels. These findings provide novel insights into a link between Αβ1–40 and atherosclerosis progression in menopause and warrant further research to clarify the clinical value of monitoring its circulating levels as an atherosclerosis biomarker in women without clinically overt CVD.
Non-linearity in engineered lead magnesium niobate (PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3) thin films
Authors: Shetty Smitha , Kim Jieun , Martin Lane W. , Trolier-McKinstry Susan
Published: November 2020

The local compositional heterogeneity associated with the lack of long-range ordering of Mg2+ and Nb5+ in PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 (PMN) is correlated with its characteristic “relaxor” ferroelectric behavior. Earlier work [Shetty et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 29, 1804258 (2019)] examined the relaxor behavior in PMN thin films grown at temperatures below 1073 K by artificially reducing the degree of disorder via synthesis of heterostructures with alternate layers of Pb(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3 and PbNbO3, as suggested by the “random-site model.” This work confirmed the development of ferroelectric domains below 150 K in long-range-ordered films, epitaxially grown on (111) SrTiO3 substrates using alternate target timed pulsed-laser deposition of Pb(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3 and PbNbO3 targets with 20% excess Pb. In this work, the first through third-harmonic dielectric charge displacement densities and complex dielectric susceptibilities were analyzed as a function of temperature and frequency in zero-field-cooled PMN films with short- and long-range ordering. The long-range ordering decreased the dispersion in the first- and third-harmonic dielectric charge displacement densities relative to short-range-ordered films. It was found that the one-dimensional ordering achieved in the long-range-ordered film is insufficient to achieve a fully normal ferroelectric state. In the presence of quenched random electric fields, these films require a small ac field to facilitate percolation of the polar nano-regions, enabling normal ferroelectric-like behavior at lower temperature (T < 240 K). The films behave like a typical relaxor near room temperature. With reduced ordering, the short-range films exhibit greater dispersion in linear and higher order harmonic dielectric charge displacement density.
The validity of the local density approximation for smooth short range interaction potentials
Authors: Mietzsch Nicco
Published: November 2020

In the full quantum theory, the energy of a many-body quantum system with a given one-body density is described by the Levy–Lieb functional. It is exact but very complicated to compute. For practical computations, it is useful to introduce the local density approximation that is based on the local energy of constant densities. The aim of this paper is to make a rigorous connection between the Levy–Lieb functional theory and the local density approximation. Our justification is valid for fermionic systems with a general class of smooth short range interaction potentials, in the regime of slowly varying densities. We follow a general approach developed by Lewin, Lieb, and Seiringer for Coulomb potential [M. Lewin et al., Pure Appl. Anal. 2(1), 35–73 (2020)] but avoid using any special properties of the potential including the scaling property and screening effects for the localization of the energy.
Explosive synchronization in temporal networks: A comparative study
Authors: Singla Tanu , Rivera M.
Published: November 2020

We present a comparative study on Explosive Synchronization (ES) in temporal networks consisting of phase oscillators. The temporal nature of the networks is modeled with two configurations: (1) oscillators are allowed to move in a closed two-dimensional box such that they couple with their neighbors and (2) oscillators are static and they randomly switch their coupling partners. Configuration (1) is further studied under two possible scenarios: in the first case, oscillators couple to fixed numbers of neighbors, while, in the other case, they couple to all oscillators lying in their circle of vision. Under these circumstances, we monitor the degrees of temporal networks, velocities, and radius of circle of vision of the oscillators and the probability of forming connections in order to study and compare the critical values of the coupling required to induce ES in the population of phase oscillators.
Adsorption-induced deformation of mesoporous materials with corrugated cylindrical pores
Authors: Kolesnikov A. L. , Budkov Yu. A. , Gor G. Y.
Published: November 2020

Mesoporous materials play an important role both in engineering applications and in fundamental research of confined fluids. Adsorption goes hand in hand with the deformation of the absorbent, which has positive and negative sides. It can cause sample aging or can be used in sensing technology. Here, we report the theoretical study of adsorption-induced deformation of the model mesoporous material with ordered corrugated cylindrical pores. Using the classical density functional theory in the local density approximation, we compared the solvation pressure in corrugated and cylindrical pores for nitrogen at sub- and super-critical temperatures. Our results demonstrate qualitative differences between solvation pressures in the two geometries at sub-critical temperatures. The deviations are attributed to the formation of liquid bridges in corrugated pores. However, at super-critical temperatures, there is no abrupt bridge formation and corrugation does not qualitatively change solvation pressure isotherms. We believe that these results could help in the analysis of an adsorption-induced deformation of the materials with distorted pores.
Network temporality can promote and suppress information spreading
Authors: Xue Xiaoyu , Pan Liming , Zheng Muhua , Wang Wei
Published: November 2020

Temporality is an essential characteristic of many real-world networks and dramatically affects the spreading dynamics on networks. In this paper, we propose an information spreading model on temporal networks with heterogeneous populations. Individuals are divided into activists and bigots to describe the willingness to accept the information. Through a developed discrete Markov chain approach and extensive numerical simulations, we discuss the phase diagram of the model and the effects of network temporality. From the phase diagram, we find that the outbreak phase transition is continuous when bigots are relatively rare, and a hysteresis loop emerges when there are a sufficient number of bigots. The network temporality does not qualitatively alter the phase diagram. However, we find that the network temporality affects the spreading outbreak size by either promoting or suppressing, which relies on the heterogeneities of population and of degree distribution. Specifically, in networks with homogeneous and weak heterogeneous degree distribution, the network temporality suppresses (promotes) the information spreading for small (large) values of information transmission probability. In networks with strong heterogeneous degree distribution, the network temporality always promotes the information spreading when activists dominate the population, or there are relatively fewer activists. Finally, we also find the optimal network evolution scale, under which the network information spreading is maximized.
A missense variant in
SLC39A8
confers risk for Crohn’s disease by disrupting manganese homeostasis and intestinal barrier integrity
Authors: Nakata Toru , Creasey Elizabeth A. , Kadoki Motohiko , Lin Helen , Selig Martin K. , Yao Junmei , Lefkovith Ariel , Daly Mark J. , Graham Daniel B. , Xavier Ramnik J.
Published: November 2020

Significance

SLC39A8
A391T exhibits remarkable pleiotropic effects on multiple conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, Parkinson’s disease, and Crohn’s disease. However, how this single coding variant impacts such a wide range of pathologies has not been investigated. We generated
Slc39a8
A391T knockin mice and show that they exhibit severe Mn deficiency in the colon, and impaired intestinal barrier integrity due to glycoprotein barrier structure defects, leading to indolent inflammation that can prime further inflammation driven by epithelial injury. Thus, we highlight the importance of Mn in gut homeostasis, and mechanistically unravel how A391T impacts intestinal barrier integrity.
Dual metal gate AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors with improved transconductance and reduced short channel effects
Authors: Pinchbeck Joseph , Lee Kean Boon , Jiang Sheng , Houston Peter
Published: November 2020

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors with a range of dual metal gate (DMG) lengths have been fabricated and studied. An improvement in transconductance up to 9% has been measured in the DMG devices in comparison to the conventional single metal gate devices. This is attributed to the distribution of the electric field under the gate region as a result of two gate metals. The drain induced barrier lowering is also suppressed using the sub-µm DMG devices, with a drain induced barrier lowering decrease of around 50% due to a potential shielding effect in the two-dimensional electron gas channel.
Valley filter and giant magnetoresistance in zigzag α-T3 nanoribbons
Authors: Tan Hui , Xu Yong , Wang Jun , Liu Jun-Feng , Ma Zhongshui
Published: November 2020

Due to opposite Berry phases for two valleys in the α-T3 model, the quasiparticles in two valleys have different responses to a perpendicular magnetic field, such as different Landau levels in a strong magnetic field. In this work, we theoretically demonstrate the manipulation of the valley degree of freedom in the α-T3 model via an external magnetic field. In zigzag α-T3 nanoribbons with moderate α, we show that a weak magnetic field lifts the valley degeneracy of the spectrum and the ribbon acts as a valley filter. Furthermore, we propose a valley-valve which contains two successive magnetic sections. The valve exhibits a giant magnetoresistance and the on–off ratio reaches up to 106. These findings should be useful to potential valleytronic applications and magnetic read heads based on α-T3 materials.
Tunable electronic properties and electric-field-induced phase transition in phosphorene/graphene heterostructures
Authors: Mahdavifar Maryam , Shekarforoush Sima , Khoeini Farhad
Published: November 2020

The shortcomings of mono-component systems e.g. the gapless nature of graphene, the lack of air-stability in phosphorene, etc, have drawn great attention toward stacked materials that are expected to show interesting electronic and optical properties. Using a tight-binding approach and a Green’s function method, we investigate the electronic properties of armchair-edged lateral phosphorene–graphene heterostructures, which are either semiconductor–semiconductor or semiconductor–metal heterostructures, depending on the width of the graphene ribbon. It is found that the system is narrow-gapped, and that the bandgap can be modulated by tuning the sizes of the domains. Besides, an analysis of the bandgap variation versus the width of the component phosphorene ribbon indicates that, in a semiconductor–metal heterostructure, a phosphorene ribbon does not induce any electronic state near the Fermi level, suggesting that the suppressed electron transport should be attributed to hole transfer across the interface. Furthermore, we show that a transverse electric field can significantly diversify the electronic behavior of a heterostructure i.e. the heterostructure undergoes a semiconductor–metal phase transition. Moreover, tuning the transverse electric field yields the intriguing possibility that the system can undergo a topological phase transition from a band insulator to a topological insulator.
Three-position characterization for the adjustment of MEMS accelerometer scale factor
Authors: Xu Tongxu , Xu Xiang , Bu Feng , Xu Dacheng , Zhao Heming
Published: November 2020

Up/down static and the six-position least squares calibration methods are commonly used in research conducted on adjustment of the micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometer scale factor (or sensitivity). When applying these methods, it is difficult to adjust the accelerometer measuring axis parallel to the gravity direction, causing an error in the accelerometer scale factor. In this paper, a three-position scale factor characterization that does not require corrections of the precise coincident of the measuring axis with the direction of gravity is studied. The method uses the up/down calibration method to obtain the coarse scale factor and bias. The coarse adjustment coefficient is then used to convert the accelerometer output data in the horizontal, up, and down positions into acceleration. The horizontal acceleration is used to estimate the scale factor error. Next, the estimated scale factor error is used to modify the coarse scale factor, producing a more accurate scale factor. The adjustment results from simulation and experiments on triaxial MEMS accelerometers show that the proposed method can effectively correct the scale factor error caused by inability to align the accelerometer measurement axis parallel to the gravity line, with a relative scale factor error of 0.07%, improving the accuracy of the accelerometer scale factor.
Raw cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol blending separators prepared by phase inversion for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Heng Yingqi , Xie Tianqi , Wang Xiyang , Chen Ding , Wen Jiahao , Chen Xiyong , Hu Dongying , Wang Nannan , Wu Yimin A
Published: November 2020

The development of a biodegradable cellulose-based separator with excellent performance has been of great research significance and application potential for the green development of supercapacitors. Herein, the regenerated porous cellulose/Polyvinyl alcohol films (CP-10, CP-15, CP-20, CP-25) with different mass ratio were successfully fabricated by a simple blending and phase inversion process. Their electrochemical properties as separators in assembled supercapacitor were evaluated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis indicate that intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding existed between cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol of the CP films. Compared with other CP films, the CP-20 film shows higher mechanical strength (28.02 MPa), better wettability (79.06°), higher porosity (59.69%) and electrolyte uptake (281.26 wt%). These properties of CP-20 are expected to show better electrochemical performance as separator. Indeed, the electrochemical tests, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge discharge, demonstrate that the SC-20 capacitor (with CP-20 as separator) shows the lowest equivalent series resistance of 0.57 Ω, the highest areal capacitance of 1.98 F cm−2 at 10 mV s−1, specific capacitance of 134.41 F g−1 and charge-discharge efficiency of 98.62% at 1 A g−1 among the four capacitors with CP films as separators. Comparing the assembled SC-40 and SC-30 with two commercial separators (TF4040 and MPF30AC) and SC-PVA with Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) separator, the CV and GCD curves of SC-20 maintain the quasi rectangular and symmetrical triangular profiles respectively at different scan rates in potential window of 0–1 V. SC-20 exhibits the highest value of 28.24 Wh kg−1 at 0.5 A g−1 with a power density of 0.26 kW kg−1, and 13.41 Wh kg−1 at 10 A g−1 with a power density of 6.04 kW kg−1. SC-20 also shows the lowest voltage drop and the highest areal and specific capacitance. Moreover, SC-20 maintains the highest value of 86.81% after 4000 cycles compared to 21.18% of SC-40, 75.07% of SC-30, and 6.66% of SC-PVA, showing a superior rate capability of a supercapacitor. These results indicate that CP films can be served as promising separators for supercapacitors.
Phase change material-based nano-cavity as an efficient optical modulator
Authors: Chamoli Sandeep Kumar , Verma Gopal , Singh Subhash C , Guo Chunlei
Published: November 2020

Structural phase transition induced by temperature or voltage in phase change materials has been used for many tunable photonic applications. Exploiting reversible and sub-ns fast switching in antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) from amorphous (Amp) to crystalline (Cry), we introduced a reflection modulator based on metal–dielectric–metal structure. The proposed design exhibits tunable, perfect, and multi-band absorption from visible to the near-infrared region. The reflection response of the system shows >99% absorption of light at normal incidence. The maximum achievable modulation efficiency with a narrow line width is ∼98%. Interestingly, the designed cavity supports critical resonance in an ultrathin (∼λ/15) Sb2S3 film with perfect, broadband, and tunable absorption. Finally, we proposed a novel hybrid cavity design formed of Cry and Amp Sb2S3 thin films side-by-side to realize an optical modulator via relative motion between the incident light beam and cavity. The proposed lithographic free structure can be also used for filtering, optical switching, ultrathin photo-detection, solar energy harvesting, and other energy applications.
Structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO2 nanolaminates
Authors: Ghazaryan Lilit , Handa Shiti , Schmitt Paul , Beladiya Vivek , Roddatis Vladimir , Tünnermann Andreas , Szeghalmi Adriana
Published: November 2020

The structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO2 nanolaminate films grown by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition are discussed. Several TiO2/Al2O3 and TiO2/SiO2 compositions have been investigated to study the effect of the relative number of ALD oxide cycles on the film properties to obtain a high refractive index coating with low optical losses, low roughness, and low mechanical stress. The formation of crystalline TiO2 observed at high deposition temperature, or film thickness was inhibited by periodically introducing ultra-thin amorphous layers into the film. Only 4 ALD cycles of Al2O3 (corresponding to ca. 0.5 nm) between 335 ALD cycles of TiO2 (ca. 11 nm) form a closed, distinct layer suppressing the crystallization in TiO2 film. Consequently, the roughness of the pure TiO2 film is reduced from ca. 20 nm rms to 1 nm rms in the 335/4 nanolaminate, with only a slight decrease of the refractive index from 2.46 to 2.44 in 100 nm pure TiO2 and the nanolaminate, respectively. The refractive indices of the nanolaminates in various compositions vary between 2.38 and 2.50 at 632 nm, and the corresponding optical losses from the films are low. The mechanical stress was reduced to about 140 MPa in several TiO2/Al2O3 nanolaminates; however, lower mechanical stress has not been obtained with the studied compositions. The nanolaminate structure is preserved up to 600 °C annealing temperature. After annealing at 800 °C, the individual layers interdiffuse into each other so that no distinct nanolaminate structure is detected. By using TiO2/Al2O3 nanolaminates with reduced mechanical stress, a narrow bandpass filter was realized on various substrates, including half-ball and aspherical lenses.
High performance liquid metal thermal interface materials
Authors: Chen Sen , Deng Zhongshan , Liu Jing
Published: November 2020

Conventional thermal interface materials (TIMs) as widely used in thermal management area is inherently limited by their relatively low thermal conductivity. From an alternative, the newly emerging liquid metal based thermal interface materials (LM-TIMs) open a rather promising way, which can pronouncedly improve the thermal contact resistance and offers tremendous opportunities for making powerful thermal management materials. The LM-TIMs thus prepared exhibits superior thermal conductivity over many conventional TIMs which guarantees its significant application prospect. And the nanoparticles mediated or tuned liquid metal further enable ever conductive LM-TIMs which suggests the ultimate goal of thermal management. In this review, a systematic interpretation on the basic features of LM-TIMs was presented. Representative exploration and progress on LM-TIMs were summarized. Typical approaches toward nanotechnology enhanced high performance LM-TIMs were illustrated. The perspect of this new generation thermal management material were outlined. Some involved challenges were raised. This work is expected to provide a guide line for future research in this field.
Tunable transverse spin–motion coupling for quantum information processing
Authors: West Adam D , Putnam Randall , Campbell Wesley C , Hamilton Paul
Published: November 2020

Laser-controlled entanglement between atomic qubits (‘spins’) and collective motion in trapped ion Coulomb crystals requires conditional momentum transfer from the laser. Since the spin-dependent force is derived from a spatial gradient in the spin–light interaction, this force is typically longitudinal—parallel and proportional to the average laser k-vector (or two beams’ k-vector difference), which constrains both the direction and relative magnitude of the accessible spin–motion coupling. Here, we show how momentum can also be transferred perpendicular to a single laser beam due to the gradient in its transverse profile. By controlling the transverse gradient at the position of the ion through beam shaping, the relative strength of the sidebands and carrier can be tuned to optimize the desired interaction and suppress undesired, off-resonant effects that can degrade gate fidelity. We also discuss how this effect may already be playing an unappreciated role in recent experiments.
Further improvements of Askey-Steinig’s inequalities for finite sums involving sine and cosine
Authors: Alzer Horst , Kwong Man
Published: November 2020

In 1974, Askey and Steinig proved that for all

n
≥
0

n\geq 0

and

x
∈
(
0
,
2
π
)

x\in (0,2\pi )

the trigonometric sums
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="StartFraction sine left-parenthesis x slash 4 right-parenthesis Over 1 EndFraction plus StartFraction sine left-parenthesis 5 x slash 4 right-parenthesis Over 2 EndFraction plus midline-horizontal-ellipsis plus StartFraction sine left-parenthesis left-parenthesis 4 n plus 1 right-parenthesis x slash 4 right-parenthesis Over n plus 1 EndFraction">

sin
⁡
(
x

/

4
)

1

+

sin
⁡
(
5
x

/

4
)

2

+
⋯
+

sin
⁡
(
(
4
n
+
1
)
x

/

4
)

n
+
1

\begin{equation*} \frac {\sin (x/4)}{1}+\frac {\sin (5x/4)}{2}+\cdots + \frac {\sin ((4n+1)x/4)}{n+1} \end{equation*}

and
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="StartFraction cosine left-parenthesis x slash 4 right-parenthesis Over 1 EndFraction plus StartFraction cosine left-parenthesis 5 x slash 4 right-parenthesis Over 2 EndFraction plus midline-horizontal-ellipsis plus StartFraction cosine left-parenthesis left-parenthesis 4 n plus 1 right-parenthesis x slash 4 right-parenthesis Over n plus 1 EndFraction">

cos
⁡
(
x

/

4
)

1

+

cos
⁡
(
5
x

/

4
)

2

+
⋯
+

cos
⁡
(
(
4
n
+
1
)
x

/

4
)

n
+
1

\begin{equation*} \frac {\cos (x/4)}{1}+\frac {\cos (5x/4)}{2}+\cdots + \frac {\cos ((4n+1)x/4)}{n+1} \end{equation*}

are positive. Recently, the Askey-Steinig inequalities were improved by the present authors. In this paper, we further improve these inequalities and provide new sharp upper and lower bounds for the two sums given above.
Boundary rigidity of convex cocompact real hyperbolic manifolds
Authors: Kim Inkang
Published: November 2020

The goal of this short paper is to show that the hyperbolic metric is uniquely determined by the induced metric on the strictly convex smooth boundary for dimension≥4\geq 4.
Superconvexity of the heat kernel on hyperbolic space with applications to mean curvature flow
Authors: Zhang Yongzhe
Published: November 2020

We prove a conjecture of Bernstein that the heat kernel on hyperbolic space of any dimension is supercovex in a suitable coordinate and, hence, there is an analog of Huisken’s monotonicity formula for mean curvature flow in hyperbolic space of all dimensions.
The positive polynomial Schur property in Banach lattices
Authors: Botelho Geraldo , Luiz José Lucas
Published: November 2020

We study the class of Banach lattices that are positively polynomially Schur. Plenty of examples and counterexamples are provided, lattice properties of this class are proved, arbitrary

L
p

(
μ
)

L_p(\mu )

-spaces,

1
≤
p
>
∞

1 \leq p > \infty

, are shown to be positively polynomially Schur, lattice analogues of results on Banach spaces are obtained and relationships with the positive Schur and the weak Dunford-Pettis properties are established.
A Qualitative Interpretive Meta-Synthesis of Military-Connected Spousal Abuse Survivor Narratives
Authors: Highfill M Christine , Chen Zhirui
Published: November 2020

Domestic abuse in the military context is studied worldwide; however, few studies explore the experience from the perspective of civilian survivor spouses. This qualitative interpretative meta-synthesis (QIMS) investigates how the survivors of military-connected spousal abuse (MCSA) conceptualise their identity. We conducted a QIMS of eight studies from the UK and USA. Developed by a social worker to expand understanding of a topic without exposing vulnerable populations to further risk, the QIMS method synthesises results from several qualitative studies into a new synergistic whole. Utilising Bronfenbrenner and Morris’s ecological model as an organizing framework, we identified one overarching theme with three supporting themes, best described by Meghan, an American Soldier’s wife: ‘Do the good little robot wife – keep your mouth shut, do what you’re told, or there’s consequences’. Our findings provide a compass for future social work research to include examining MCSA survivors’ distal identities and the impact of macrospheric narratives on identity formation. Understanding military-related domestic abuse from a survivor’s perspective also informs social work practice and military policy.
Trends in Comorbidities Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Hospital Admissions in New York City from 2006–2016
Authors: Rowell-Cunsolo Tawandra L , Hu Gloria , Bellerose Meghan , Liu Jianfang
Published: November 2020

Background

Due to the advent and success of antiretroviral therapy, the number of people living and aging with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has grown substantially. Although people living with HIV (PLHIV) are experiencing longer life expectancies, this achievement may be undermined by increasing and disproportionate chronic disease burden among PLHIV.

Methods

This study is a retrospective analysis of adult (≥18 years) inpatient hospital discharges from a large hospital system in the New York City, New York metropolitan area, between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2016. We aimed to investigate (1) changes in the prevalence of Charlson-defined comorbidities among PLHIV hospitalized between 2006 and 2016 and (2) changes in the unadjusted prevalence ratio (PR) of comorbidities in HIV-positive versus HIV-negative admissions over time.

Results

Of 898 139 hospital admissions from 2006–2016, 19 039 (2.1%) were HIV positive. Across all admissions during the study period, the greatest comorbidity disparities between HIV-positive and HIV-negative admissions were mild liver disease (PR, 4.9 [95% confidence interval, 4.8–5.1]), moderate or severe liver disease (PR, 2.2 [2.0–2.4]), and chronic pulmonary disease (PR, 1.8 [1.8–1.8]).

Conclusions

The prevalence and relative burden of comorbidities among hospitalized PLHIV are changing over time. Careful monitoring and intensive discharge planning may be effective strategies for addressing the evolving health needs of PLHIV.
Impact of mothers' early life exposure to low or high folate on progeny outcome and DNA methylation patterns
Authors: Ly Lundi , Chan Donovan , Landry Mylène , Angle Camille , Martel Josée , Trasler Jacquetta
Published: November 2020

The dynamic patterning of DNA and histone methylation during oocyte development presents a potentially susceptible time for epigenetic disruption due to early life environmental exposure of future mothers. We investigated whether maternal exposure to folic acid deficient and supplemented diets starting in utero could affect oocytes and cause adverse developmental and epigenetic effects in next generation progeny. Female BALB/c mice (F0) were placed on one of four amino acid defined diets for 4 weeks before pregnancy and throughout gestation and lactation: folic acid control (rodent recommended daily intake; Ctrl), 7-fold folic acid deficient, 10-fold folic acid supplemented or 20-fold folic acid supplemented diets. F1 female pups were weaned onto Ctrl diets, mated to produce the F2 generation and the F2 offspring were examined at E18.5 for developmental and epigenetic abnormalities. Resorption rates were increased and litter sizes decreased amongst F2 E18.5-day litters in the 20-fold folic acid supplemented group. Increases in abnormal embryo outcomes were observed in all three folic acid deficient and supplemented groups. Subtle genome-wide DNA methylation alterations were found in the placentas and brains of F2 offspring in the 7-fold folic acid deficient , 10-fold folic acid supplemented and 20-fold folic acid supplemented groups; in contrast, global and imprinted gene methylation were not affected. The findings show that early life female environmental exposures to both low and high folate prior to oocyte maturation can compromise oocyte quality, adversely affecting offspring of the next generation, in part by altering DNA methylation patterns.
A case of successful ablation of ventricular ectopic focus from the superior tricuspid annulus through the internal jugular vein: a case report
Authors: Sultankhonov Sardorkhon , Nedios Sotirios , Salayev Oybek , Hamrayev Ramish
Published: November 2020

Background

Symptomatic premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are a common clinical problem. Although most of ventricular ectopic foci can be easily ablated, some are very challenging and require special manoeuvers. This case report presents an approach to improve electrode stability during ablation.

Case summary

A 19-year-old Asian male patient presented with frequent symptomatic PVCs having an inferior axis, left bundle branch morphology, and R/S transition in V4. Structural heart disease was excluded by echocardiography and general blood tests were normal. The treatment with a class Ic antiarrhythmic (ethacizine) over 2 months was ineffective and the patient was admitted for radiofrequency ablation. Activation mapping revealed a PVC focus in the superior part of the tricuspid annulus, but the femoral access approach resulted in frequent dislocation of the ablation tip. An internal jugular vein approach though resulted in improved stability and successful elimination of the PVC.

Discussion

In cases with PVCs from the superior portions of the right heart, stability of the electrode may be improved by a jugular venous access.
High-resolution palaeomagnetic results of Ethiopian trap series from Lima Limo section: implications for the Oligocene geomagnetic field behaviour and timing of volcanism
Authors: Ahn Hyeon-Seon , Kidane Tesfaye , Otofuji Yo-ichiro , Yamamoto Yuhji , Ishikawa Naoto , Yoshimura Yutaka
Published: November 2020

We present high-resolution palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic results from 92 successive volcanic units on a 2 km tall Lima Limo (LL) section of the Oligocene Ethiopian flood basalts (OEFB). A total of 85 well-defined flow-mean characteristic remanent magnetization directions representing seven stable magnetic polarity zones with six transitional/excursional directions were determined. These results indicate the identification of four more polarity reversals than previous palaeomagnetic studies; the resulting magnetostratigraphy has, therefore, more polarity zonation. Comparison of this result with the most recently revised geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS, hereafter GPTS2016), by using available radiometric age data, could not find a unique correlation. Instead, it strongly suggests the recording of at least one very brief polarity chron or putative geomagnetic excursion. Our magnetostratigraphic interpretation infers that the relative timing between the OEFB eruptions and the Oi-2 global cooling estimated two possible scenarios: one where the lowermost reverse-polarity (R1) interval for the LL section is correlated to Chron C11r of GPTS2016, same as the interpretations of earlier studies, would make a causal linkage between the OEFB eruptions and the Oi-2 cooling less possible; and, the eruption timing estimated in another scenario correlating the R1 to Chron C12r might preserve the probability of its causal influence in the Oi-2 cooling. The resulting overall mean pole for the LL section of this study, 78.2° N in latitude and 213.0° E in longitude (A95 = 3.4°, N = 79), is closer to other co-eval palaeomagnetic poles from different regions and the reference pole of Africa. Our analysis of geomagnetic palaeosecular variation (PSV) shows that, compared to the Plio-Pleistocene, the Early Oligocene has higher degrees of PSV but its slightly weaker latitude dependence.
Use of Lisdexamfetamine or Amphetamine? Interpretation of Chiral Amphetamine Analyses
Authors: Chermá Maria D , Nilsson Gunnel H , Johansson Anna , Jönsson Anna K , Ahlner Johan
Published: November 2020

Amphetamine is frequently detected in forensic toxicological cases. Differentiating between the two isomers of amphetamine (d-amphetamine and l-amphetamine) and determining their relative proportion are fundamental to correctly interpret the results of toxicological analyses. The aim of this study was to examine the profile of amphetamine as well as storage stability of the isomers in authentic samples from patients chronically treated with lisdexamfetamine (LDX), the most prescribed medical amphetamine product in Sweden. Blood and urine samples were collected from 18 patients. The samples were analyzed with an achiral (racemate) method for quantification of amphetamine and with a chiral method to determine the proportion of each isomer of amphetamine. The median daily dose of LDX was 40 mg (range, 20–70 mg). The median amphetamine concentration was 0.06 µg/g (range, 0.02–0.15 µg/g) in blood and 6 µg/mL (range, 1–22 µg/mL) in urine. Only d-amphetamine was found in the blood and urine samples from the included patients. Furthermore, no formation of l-amphetamine occurred during the storage for 3 months at 4°C, 9 months at −20°C and three freeze–thaw cycles. The results from this study may be helpful in the interpretation of whether the source of identified amphetamine in biological samples is from LDX drug intake or not.
Star formation history of the solar neighbourhood as told by Gaia
Authors: Alzate Jairo A , Bruzual Gustavo , Díaz-González Daniel J
Published: November 2020

The Gaia data release 2 (DR2) catalogue is the best source of stellar astrometric and photometric data available today. The history of the Milky Way galaxy is written in stone in this data set. Parallaxes and photometry tell us where the stars are today, when were they formed, and with what chemical content, that is, their star formation history (SFH). We develop a Bayesian hierarchical model suited to reconstruct the SFH of a resolved stellar population. We study the stars brighter than $G\, =\, 15$ within 100 pc of the Sun in Gaia DR2 and derive an SFH of the solar neighbourhood in agreement with previous determinations and improving upon them because we detect chemical enrichment. Our results show a maximum of star formation activity about 10 Gyr ago, producing large numbers of stars with slightly below solar metallicity (Z  =  0.014), followed by a decrease in star formation up to a minimum level occurring around 8 Gyr ago. After a quiet period, star formation rises to a maximum at about 5 Gyr ago, forming stars of solar metallicity (Z  =  0.017). Finally, star formation has been decreasing until the present, forming stars of Z  =  0.03 at a residual level. We test the effects introduced in the inferred SFH by ignoring the presence of unresolved binary stars in the sample, reducing the apparent limiting magnitude, and modifying the stellar initial mass function.
An iterative reconstruction algorithm for Faraday tomography
Authors: Cooray Suchetha , Takeuchi Tsutomu T , Akahori Takuya , Miyashita Yoshimitsu , Ideguchi Shinsuke , Takahashi Keitaro , Ichiki Kiyotomo
Published: November 2020

Faraday tomography offers crucial information on the magnetized astronomical objects, such as quasars, galaxies, or galaxy clusters, by observing its magnetoionic media. The observed linear polarization spectrum is inverse Fourier transformed to obtain the Faraday dispersion function (FDF), providing us a tomographic distribution of the magnetoionic media along the line of sight. However, this transform gives a poor reconstruction of the FDF because of the instrument’s limited wavelength coverage. The current Faraday tomography techniques’ inability to reliably solve the above inverse problem has noticeably plagued cosmic magnetism studies. We propose a new algorithm inspired by the well-studied area of signal restoration, called the Constraining and Restoring iterative Algorithm for Faraday Tomography (craft). This iterative model-independent algorithm is computationally inexpensive and only requires weak physically motivated assumptions to produce high fidelity FDF reconstructions. We demonstrate an application for a realistic synthetic model FDF of the Milky Way, where craft shows greater potential over other popular model-independent techniques. The dependence of observational frequency coverage on the various techniques’ reconstruction performance is also demonstrated for a simpler FDF. craft exhibits improvements even over model-dependent techniques (i.e. QU-fitting) by capturing complex multiscale features of the FDF amplitude and polarization angle variations within a source. The proposed approach will be of utmost importance for future cosmic magnetism studies, especially with broad-band polarization data from the Square Kilometre Array and its precursors. We make the craft code publicly available†.
Nearest neighbour distributions: New statistical measures for cosmological clustering
Authors: Banerjee Arka , Abel Tom
Published: November 2020

The use of summary statistics beyond the two-point correlation function to analyse the non-Gaussian clustering on small scales, and thereby, increasing the sensitivity to the underlying cosmological parameters, is an active field of research in cosmology. In this paper, we explore a set of new summary statistics – the k-Nearest Neighbour Cumulative Distribution Functions (kNN-CDF). This is the empirical cumulative distribution function of distances from a set of volume-filling, Poisson distributed random points to the k-nearest data points, and is sensitive to all connected N-point correlations in the data. The kNN-CDF can be used to measure counts in cell, void probability distributions, and higher N-point correlation functions, all using the same formalism exploiting fast searches with spatial tree data structures. We demonstrate how it can be computed efficiently from various data sets – both discrete points, and the generalization for continuous fields. We use data from a large suite of N-body simulations to explore the sensitivity of this new statistic to various cosmological parameters, compared to the two-point correlation function, while using the same range of scales. We demonstrate that the use of kNN-CDF improves the constraints on the cosmological parameters by more than a factor of 2 when applied to the clustering of dark matter in the range of scales between 10 and $40\, h^{-1}\, {\rm Mpc}$. We also show that relative improvement is even greater when applied on the same scales to the clustering of haloes in the simulations at a fixed number density, both in real space, as well as in redshift space. Since the kNN-CDF are sensitive to all higher order connected correlation functions in the data, the gains over traditional two-point analyses are expected to grow as progressively smaller scales are included in the analysis of cosmological data, provided the higher order correlation functions are sensitive to cosmology on the scales of interest.