bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can Lean Thinking enhance research administration?
Authors: Halkoaho Arja , Itkonen Emmi , Vanninen Esko , Reijula Jori
Published: November 2013

Background: Hospital research administration is expected to provide improved work efficiency and service delivery in the upcoming years. Meanwhile, resources to support scientific research are dwindling, as is the amount of research support personnel. The aim of the study was to investigate the research admission’s user needs, their opinions on the state of today’s scientific research and also to assess its future development needs and find out whether a customer-oriented management philosophy such as Lean Thinking could be implemented in the research administration setting to enhance work processes and services. Methods: In this study, thematic interviews were used as a method. Kuopio University Hospital researchers (n = 7) and research administration personnel (n = 11) were interviewed. The interviews were carried out by one researcher and lasted on average approximately 60 minutes per interviewee. Results: The interviews revealed that several issues, such as bureaucracy, decreased attitudes towards research, lack of transparency and face-to-face customer service by the research administration, have hindered and complicated research work and service delivery. The study addressed a need for a comprehensive, linear, efficiency- and quality-oriented, user-focused management philosophy. Conclusions: The results of the study support implementation of a customer-oriented management philosophy into the research administration to improve its work processes and service delivery. Although Lean Thinking remains untested in the research administration setting, its fundamentals and strengths seem to answer many needs of the research administration.
The process for designing and constructing the Sunpu Kaikan
Authors: Toyokawa Saikaku
Published: July 2024

This study aims to reveal the difficulty of realizing large hyperbolic paraboloid (HP) shell structures comprising reinforced concrete in earthquake‐prone Japan in the 1950s. The analysis focused on the design and construction of Sunpu Kaikan, focusing on the roles of Kenzo Tange and Yoshikatsu Tsuboi, alongside their architectural laboratory staff. It revealed how the experience gained in the Sunpu Kaikan project contributed to two architectural projects in the 1960s: the Niigata City Gymnasium, with its steel‐frame concrete HP shell, and the Yoyogi National Stadium, with its suspension roof structure.
Axonal injury, sleep disturbances, and memory following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Tinney Emma M. , España‐Irla Goretti , Warren Aaron E.L. , Whitehurst Lauren N. , Stillman Alexandra M , Hillman Charles H. , Morris Timothy P. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with sleep deficits, but it is not clear why some report sleep disturbances and others do not. The objective of this study was to assess the associations between axonal injury, sleep, and memory in chronic and acute TBI.

Methods

Data were acquired from two independent datasets which included 156 older adult veterans (69.8 years) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) with prior moderate‐to‐severe TBIs and 90 (69.2 years) controls and 374 (39.6 years) from Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in TBI (TRACK‐TBI) with a recent mild TBI (mTBI) and 87 controls (39.6 years), all who completed an MRI, memory assessment, and sleep questionnaire.

Results

Older adults with a prior TBI had a significant association between axonal injury and sleep disturbances [β = 9.52, 95% CI (4.1, 14.9), p = 0.01]. Axonal injury predicted changes in memory over 1‐year in TBI [β = −8.72, 95% CI (−18, −2.7), p = 0.03]. We externally validated those findings in TRACK‐TBI where axonal injury within 2 weeks after mTBI was significantly associated with higher sleep disturbances in the TBI group at 2 weeks[β = −7.2, 95% CI (−14, −0.50), p = 0.04], 6 months [β = −16, 95% CI (−24, −7.6), p ≤ 0.01], and 12 months post‐injury [β = −11, 95% CI (−19, −0.85), p = 0.03]. These associations were not significant in controls.

Interpretations

Axonal injury, specifically to the left anterior internal capsule is robustly associated with sleep disturbances in multiple TBI populations. Early assessment of axonal injury following mTBI could identify those at risk for persistent sleep disturbances following injury.
Shatterproof, McLellan want treatment focused on results
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2024

Last month, A. Thomas McLellan, Ph.D. came out of semi‐retirement to urge ADAW to write an article on addiction treatment, and he even recommended a headline: “Buying Results Instead of Treatment Days in Addiction Treatment.” Then, in true McLellan style, he backed up his argument with facts. He recommended that we also speak with Gary Mendell, CEO of Shatterproof, for more backup. Both are recommending paying for outcomes, in one way or another.
Brian's story from Shatterproof founder Mendell, his father
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2024

Gary Mendell, founder and CEO of Shatterproof, describes his 15‐year‐old son Brian's 2011 death as “losing him to addiction” and also to suicide. Afterward, he struggled with two questions: “What could I have done differently as a father?” and “Whatever it was, how could I spare others from this tragedy?”
Ultra‐Sensitive Bulk Piezophotovoltaic Effect in NaBa(P,Bi) Alloy Under Topological Phase Transition
Authors: Jiang Xiao , Kang Lei , Ye Liangting , Chen Xiaojun , Huang Bing
Published: July 2024

The bulk photovoltaic effect, with ultra‐sensitive control under ambient piezo response, plays a significant role in many modern optoelectronic applications. However, functional bulk photovoltaic materials with high piezo sensitivity are rare, and discovering them is a great challenge. This article proposes a practical design scheme to achieve an ultra‐sensitive bulk piezophotovoltaic effect (BPPVE) in a single‐valley topological alloy material system. The BPPVE is accomplished by reversing the giant shift current in an alloy material that exhibits piezo‐sensitive topological band inversion, as predicted in the acentric single‐valley NaBa(P,Bi) alloy system. First‐principles calculations confirm that the shift current in NaBaP1‐xBix has high directional and magnitude sensitivity (−5000 to 400 µA V−2) in a rather low‐stress region (<0.5 GPa) near the critical alloy concentration (x ∼ 0.48), along with a remarkable topological phase transition. Notably, the stress‐induced bulk photovoltaic effect in NaBa(P,Bi) is much more sensitive than in other existing bulk photovoltaic materials. The outcomes demonstrate an outstanding BPPVE with ultra‐high piezo sensitivity for the first time in topological alloy systems.
Transfer Printing of Photoactive Layer Enabling Efficient, Wearable, and Dual‐Function Organic Solar Cell Modules for a Wireless Healthcare Monitoring System
Authors: Jung Sungwoo , Yang U Jeong , Oh Jiyeon , Jeong Seonghun , Cho Yongjoon , Lee Gwang Heon , Choi Moon Kee , Yang Changduk
Published: July 2024

While transfer‐printing is a great technique for efficient film fabrication of many emerging devices on various substrates, its application in organic solar cells (OSCs) is rarely explored. Besides, it is highly challenging to fabricate a large‐scale production of a “dual‐function OSC module” that runs two‐objective functions simultaneously in a given single system. Through comprehensive investigation on the transfer‐printing feasibility of various π‐conjugated organic materials, in addition to successful transfer‐printed OSC and flexible OSC module, implementation of dual‐function OSC modules via the transfer‐printing, in which two individual sub‐cell series based on dual‐purpose photoactive layers are separately integrated into a single system is showcased here. Moreover, the fabrication and operation of a wearable integrated self‐powered system for wireless healthcare monitoring with the wearable transfer‐printed dual‐function OSC module are also demonstrated. This study opens the door to fabricating OSCs with multi‐objective structures via the transfer‐printing technique, which enables the extra device‐level values for advanced energy‐related applications.
Optical and Terahertz Anticounterfeiting Tags Via Non‐Deterministic Deposition of Fluorescent Opuntia Ficus‐Indica Extract
Authors: Kamwe Sighano Sephora , Ritacco Tiziana , Bruno Mauro Daniel Luigi , Gennari Oriella , Fuscaldo Walter , Zografopoulos Dimitrios C. , Marae‐Djouda Joseph , Maurer Thomas , Beccherelli Romeo , Caputo Roberto , Ferraro Antonio
Published: July 2024

Multi‐level anticounterfeiting tags have been developed using a combination of different materials. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) mixed with titanium dioxide (TiO2) is used to produce flexible substrates. Fluorescent Opuntia Ficus‐indica (OFI) extract dissolved with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is then sprayed over the substrate to create a random, yet unique deposition of droplets. Photographs of the tags are taken under UV illumination at different angles and analyzed through the scale‐invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm to extract their unique features. The SIFT analysis reveals hundreds to thousands of matched features when a given tag is compared with itself, whereas this number drops to tens for different tags. To enhance the security of the tags, ITO is sputtered onto one of them in the form of a pattern formed by a patch array exhibiting a specific fingerprint at terahertz (THz) frequencies. The evaluation of ITO reflectance shows that each patch array has a unique and unpredictable response stemming from its distinct electro‐optical characteristics. The non‐deterministic response of sprayed dye droplets and ITO patches enables the realization of two‐level authentication, which is difficult to replicate at a reasonable cost. The simple manufacturing process and inexpensive materials involved make the proposed tags easily integrable into packaging.
Wetting Behavior‐Induced Interfacial transmission of Energy and Signal: Materials, Mechanisms, and Applications
Authors: Xiao Haoyuan , Yu Zilin , Liang Jiechang , Ding Lei , Zhu Jingshuai , Wang Yuanfeng , Chen Shiguo , Xin John H.
Published: July 2024

Wetting behaviors can significantly affect the transport of energy and signal (E&S) through vapor, solid, and liquid interfaces, which has prompted increased interest in interfacial science and technology. E&S transmission can be achieved using electricity, light, and heat, which often accompany and interact with each other. Over the past decade, their distinctive transport phenomena during wetting processes have made significant contributions to various domains. However, few studies have analyzed the intricate relationship between wetting behavior and E&S transport. This review summarizes and discusses the mechanisms of electrical, light, and heat transmission at wetting interfaces to elucidate their respective scientific issues, technical characteristics, challenges, commonalities, and potential for technological convergence. The materials, structures, and devices involved in E&S transportation are also analyzed. Particularly, harnessing synergistic advantages in practical applications and constructing advanced, multifunctional, and highly efficient smart systems based on wetted interfaces is the aim to provide strategies.
Extrusion‐Based Additive Manufacturing of Carbonaceous and Non‐Carbonaceous Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Asghar Ali , Khan Karim , Rashid Muhammad Shahid , Hamza Muhammad , Liu Zhiyuan , Liu Changyong , Chen Zhangwei
Published: July 2024

Recently, additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, has become a more attractive fabrication technology in various fields, such as electrochemical energy storage devices (EESDs). Therefore, 3D printing technologies allow the fabrication of the desired complex structure, which reduces the fabrication method time and cost for prototyping novel processes. The excellent electrochemical properties, structure stability, simplistic integration, flexibility, ion/charge transportation, high energy and power densities, surface kinetics, and high efficiency are essential features of novel EESDs like batteries and supercapacitors (SCs). Herein, first, the extrusion‐based AM technology, such as direct ink writing (DIW) and fused deposition modeling (FDM), utilized to improve the following parameters through designated electrode patterns and device configuration compared to conventional electrode fabrication methods is discussed. After that, the main parameters of extrusion‐based 3D printing are listed based on the selection of host and active materials, solvent, binders/additive, ink formulation, electrode fabrication and post‐processing treatment, structural porosity, conductive materials with plasticizer, etc., and the recent advancement in sodium‐ and lithium‐based batteries, as well as SCs, is summarized. In the end, the challenges and research direction of extrusion‐based 3D‐printed EESDs in advanced fields that inspire future perspectives and development are discussed.
Synergistic Crystallization Modulation and Defects Passivation in Kesterite via Anion‐Coordinate Precursor Engineering for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Lijing , Chu Liangli , Zhou Zhengji , Zhou Wenhui , Kou Dongxing , Meng Yuena , Qi Yafang , Yuan Shengjie , Han Litao , Yang Gang , Zhang Zhuhua , Zheng Zhi , Wu Sixin
Published: July 2024

It has been validated that enhancing crystallinity and passivating the deep‐level defect are critical for improving the device performance of kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells. Coordination chemistry interactions within the Cu‐Zn‐Sn‐S precursor solution play a crucial role in the management of structural defects and the crystallization kinetics of CZTSSe thin films. Therefore, regulating the coordination environment of anion and cation in the precursor solution to control the formation process of precursor films is a major challenge at present. Herein, a synergetic crystallization modulation and defect passivation method is developed using P2S5 as an additive in the CZTS precursor solution to optimize the coordination structure and improve the crystallization process. The alignment of theoretical assessments with experimental observations confirms the ability of the P2S5 molecule to coordinate with the metal cation sites of CZTS precursor films, especially more liable to the Zn2+, effectively passivating the Zn‐related defects, thereby significantly reducing the defect density in CZTSSe absorbers. As a result, the device with a power conversion efficiency of 14.36% has been achieved. This work provides an unprecedented strategy for fabricating high‐quality thin films by anion‐coordinate regulation and a novel route for realizing efficient CZTSSe solar cells.
Sustainable Plastics with High Performance and Convenient Processibility
Authors: Xu Guogang , Hou Lei , Wu Peiyi
Published: July 2024

Designing and making sustainable plastics is especially urgent to reduce their ecological and environmental impacts. However, it remains challenging to construct plastics with simultaneous high sustainability and outstanding comprehensive performance. Here, a composite strategy of in situ polymerizing a petroleum‐based monomer with the presence of an industrialized bio‐derived polymer in a quasi‐solvent‐free system is introduced, affording the plastic with excellent mechanical robustness, impressive thermal and solvent stability, as well as low energy, consumes during production, processing, and recycling. Particularly, the plastic can be easily processed into diverse shapes through 3D printing, injection molding, etc. during polymerization and further reprocessed into other complex structures via eco‐friendly hydrosetting. In addition, the plastic is mechanically robust with Young's modulus of up to 3.7 GPa and tensile breaking strength of up to 150.2 MPa, superior to many commercially available plastics and other sustainable plastics. It is revealed that hierarchical hydrogen bonds in plastic predominate the well‐balanced sustainability and performance. This work provides a new path for fabricating high‐performance sustainable plastic toward practical applications, contributing to the circular economy.
Carbon Bipolar Plates in PEM Water Electrolysis: Bust or Must?
Authors: Messing Leonard , Pellumbi Kevinjeorjios , Hoof Lucas , Imming Niklas , Wilbers Steffen , Kopietz Lukas , Joemann Michael , Grevé Anna , junge Puring Kai , Apfel Ulf‐Peter
Published: July 2024

Reducing the cost of PEM water electrolyzers is crucial for making green hydrogen economically viable achievable by cheaper catalysts as well as bipolar plates. This study demonstrates for the first time the use of uncoated carbon bipolar plates (C‐BPs) as an alternative to titanium bipolar plates (Ti‐BPs). The corrosion phenomena of C‐BPs versus Ti‐BPs are investigated through ex situ and in situ accelerated stress tests. The findings show that pH values, especially between 1 and 0, exponentially influence the corrosion current density of bipolar plates. Ex situ tests revealed significantly higher corrosion current densities for C‐BPs compared to Ti‐BPs (e.g., 170 times higher at pH 1 and 80 °C). Yet, tests applying C‐BPs in a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer operated for at least 567 h at alternating current densities of 1 and 3 A cm⁻2 with low degradation rates (16.41 µV h⁻¹ at 1 A cm⁻2 and 31.92 µV h⁻¹ at 3 A cm⁻2), comparable to Ti‐BPs. Contrary to general perceptions, C‐BPs are stable under application‐ready conditions and do not corrode as previously expected. This study highlights the potential of C‐BPs in electrolyzers, showcasing the potential to reduce the costs of the electrolyzers.
Temperature‐Inert Interface Enables Safe and Practical Energy‐Dense LiNi0.91Co0.07Mn0.02O2 Pouch Cells
Authors: Hou Junxian , Shi Qinyu , Feng Xuning , Terada Junpei , Wang Li , Zhao Liqi , Cao Daihua , Yamazaki Shigeaki , Xu Chengshan , Qiu Yue , Feng Jing , Shimooka Toshiharu , Peng Yong , Xie Yingchen , Zhu Gaolong , Lu Languang , Bao Cheng , Ouyang Minggao
Published: July 2024

Safety concerns significantly hinder the practical implementation of ultrahigh‐nickel cathodes in lithium‐ion batteries. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) derived from conventional ester‐based electrolyte is susceptible to thermal decomposition, resulting in battery safety degradation. Herein, a temperature‐inert and inorganic‐rich SEI is developed for the ultrahigh‐nickel LiNi0.91Co0.07Mn0.02O2|graphite (NCM91|Gr) battery by employing a flame‐retardant diluted weakly solvated electrolyte. Temperature‐dependent X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that SEI's inorganic components of LiF, Li2SO3, Li2SO4, and Li3N exhibit exceptional thermotolerance under thermal attack. Further evidence from temperature‐dependent X‐ray diffraction indicates that this thermally stable interface effectively mitigates the anode phase transition from the original LiC6 to LiC12 state, resulting in a remarkable improvement in intrinsic safety and a 32% reduction in gas emission for battery. The 1.2 Ah NCM91|Gr pouch cell exhibits a thermal failure onset temperature as high as 183.1 °C and maintains stability at 180 °C for 60 min. Furthermore, a 360 Wh kg−1 12.3 Ah LiNi0.92Co0.06Mn0.02O2|graphite@20% silicon dioxide cell experiences no thermal runaway even at 200 °C. The 1.2 Ah NCM91|Gr pouch cell also delivers outstanding capacity retention of 90.5% after 1200 cycles with enhanced electrochemical performance. This study provides a promising approach for developing safer energy‐dense batteries through electrolyte and interface design.
Precursors of falls from height in two main contractor companies in the Chilean construction sector and their subcontractors: Shared vision and preventive prioritization
Authors: Andrade Barra Ignacio , Morrison Yonge Roberto , Villalonga Regord Francisco , Saavedra García‐Reyes Ricardo Patricio , Contador Espinosa Alicia
Published: July 2024

Background

Risk factors that can result in serious injuries or deaths are frequently not understood or prevented because of the traditional way in which organizations approach safety. This is especially true for falls from heights in the construction sector, which remain a leading safety hazard in construction globally.

Methods

A theoretical framework derived from a thorough review of international evidence provided the foundation for the conduct of 50 structured focus groups with a total of 209 participants representing construction workers and supervisors in two main Chilean construction contractor companies and their subcontractors.

Results

A total of 627 precursors (risk factors), 56 taxonomies (work tasks/activities), and 622 defenses (prevention actions) were identified. These were classified in three macro dimensions and 13 subdimensions in total, providing a comprehensive framework for the origin, manifestation, and neutralization of such precursors.

Discussion

The findings provide a useful framework for understanding of the most critical risks to which workers are exposed and actions to prevent them. This framework should form the basis for the development of practical safety programs and tools such as management and training checklists, and data analysis for early warning signs.
Novel causative variants in Legius syndrome: SPRED1 Genotype spectrum expansion
Authors: Chelleri Cristina , Brolatti Noemi , De Marco Patrizia , Ognibene Marzia , Diana Maria Cristina , Madia Francesca , Duca Marco Di , Santangelo Andrea , Capra Valeria , Striano Pasquale , Zara Federico , Scala Marcello
Published: July 2024

Legius syndrome, commonly referred to as SPRED1‐related neurofibromatosis type 1‐like syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by café‐au‐lait macules, freckling, lipomas, macrocephaly, and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental manifestations, including a different degree of learning difficulties. Although a partial clinical overlap exists with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), Legius syndrome is distinguished by its genetic etiology and the absence of neurofibromas, indicating an inherent lack of tumor risk. The SPRED1 gene encodes the Sprouty‐related protein with an EVH1 domain 1 (SPRED1), a negative regulator of the RAS‐MAPK signaling pathway with a crucial role in cellular growth and development. Despite various genetic variants and genomic deletions associated with Legius syndrome, the full genetic spectrum of this condition remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the underlying genetic etiology in a cohort of patients presenting with typical manifestations of Legius syndrome using a custom Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) panel and Multiplex Ligation‐Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) for NF1 and SPRED1. We identified 12 novel SPRED1 damaging variants segregating with the phenotype in all families. These rare variants affect conserved residues of the protein and are predicted damaging according to in silico tools. No clear genotype–phenotype correlations could be observed in the current cohort and previously reported patients, underscoring the heterogeneous genotype spectrum of this condition. Our findings expand the understanding of SPRED1 variants causing Legius syndrome and underscore the importance of comprehensively characterizing the genetic landscape of this disorder. Despite the absence of clear genotype–phenotype correlations, elucidating the genetic etiology of Legius syndrome is pertinent for facilitating accurate diagnosis, genetic counseling, and therapeutic interventions.
The cost of being qualified: Current barriers faced by graduate students in forensic anthropology
Authors: Delgado Thomas A. , Depp Randi M. , Meloro Raphaela M. , Lane Katherine M.
Published: July 2024

When considering the best ethical practices in forensic anthropology, one must consider how accessible the field is to new students that are responsible for driving the future of research, pedagogy, and the field as a whole. While there is no denying that there are multiple barriers to accessing academia (e.g., racism, sexism, xenophobia, etc.) the cost of a graduate education is a key factor that affects the diversity of people that are able to enter the field. Here, the cost of 24 universities prominent in the education of forensic anthropologists are considered in tandem with the opportunities for funding offered by these institutions and average costs of living for the respective surrounding areas. Demographic data for the universities at the graduate and undergraduate level was additionally compared with the demographics of the cities surrounding the universities. Funding, excluding loans, was shown to be greatly below cost of living in university cities, and often did not match the costs of attendance estimated by institutions. Including the cost of living, the average graduate degree costs over $60,000 per year while the average stipend for graduate students is below $14,000 necessitating the need for loans or out‐of‐institute support. White individuals were overrepresented in graduate enrollment when compared with surrounding area demographics, even when university demographics were similar to those of the surrounding area. Overall, findings highlight the inaccessibility of pursuing higher education for minority groups and demonstrate the need for institutions to develop funding programs to promote diversity in higher education.
CSF glial biomarkers are associated with cognition in individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Warmenhoven Noëlle , Sánchez‐Benavides Gonzalo , González‐Escalante Armand , Milà‐Alomà Marta , Shekari Mahnaz , López‐Martos David , Ortiz‐Romero Paula , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Quijano‐Rubio Clara , Minguillón Carolina , Gispert Juan Domingo , Vilor‐Tejedor Natalia , Arenaza‐Urquijo Eider , Palpatzis Eleni , Ashton Nicholas J , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Suárez‐Calvet Marc , Grau‐Rivera Oriol ,   for the ALFA Study
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION

We examined whether baseline glial markers soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 2 (sTREM2), chitinase 3‐like protein 1 (YKL‐40), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and plasma GFAP are associated with cognitive change in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

METHODS

A total of 353 CU (mean age 60.9 years) participants were included (mean follow‐up time 3.28 years). Linear regression models with cognition as outcome were used. We also tested whether amyloid beta (Aβ) status modified these associations.

RESULTS

Higher baseline CSF sTREM2 was associated with a positive global cognition (Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite) rate of change, and better memory and executive outcomes, independently of AD pathology. Higher baseline plasma GFAP was associated with a decline on attention rate of change. Stratified analyses by Aβ status showed that CSF sTREM2 and YKL‐40 were positively associated with executive functioning in amyloid negative (Aβ−) individuals.

DISCUSSION

Our results suggest that a TREM2‐mediated microglial response may be associated with better longitudinal cognitive performance.

Highlights

Higher cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 2 (sTREM2) relates to better longitudinal cognitive performance.

The association between CSF sTREM2 and cognition is independent of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology.

Targeting microglial reactivity may be a therapeutic strategy for AD prevention.
Rationalizing Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction over IrO2: Essential Role of Hydronium Cation
Authors: Mou Tianyou , Bushiri Daniela A. , Esposito Daniel V. , Chen Jingguang G. , Liu Ping
Published: July 2024

The development of active, stable, and more affordable electrocatalysts for acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great importance for the practical application of electrolyzers and the advancement of renewable energy conversion technologies. Currently, IrO2 is the only catalyst with high stability and activity, but a high cost. Further optimization of the catalyst is limited by the lack of understanding of catalytic behaviors at the acid‐IrO2 interface. Here, in strong interaction with the experiment, we develop an explicit model based on grand‐canonical density function theory (GC‐DFT) calculations to describe acidic OER over IrO2. Compared to the explicit models reported previously, hydronium cations (H3O+) are introduced at the electrochemical interface in the current model. As a result, a variation in stable IrO2 surface configuration under the OER operating condition from previously proposed complete *O‐coverage to a mixture coverage of *OH and *O is revealed, which is well supported by in situ Raman measurements. In addition, the accuracy of predicted overpotential is increased in comparison with the experimentally measured. More importantly, an alteration of the potential limiting step from previously identified *O→*OOH to *OH→*O is observed, which opens new opportunities to advance the IrO2‐based catalysts for acidic OER.
Plasmon‐Driven Highly Selective CO2 Photoreduction to C2H4 on Ionic Liquid‐Mediated Copper Nanowires
Authors: Liu Hongli , Sun Bin , Li Zaiqi , Xiao Difei , Wang Zeyan , Liu Yuanyuan , Zheng Zhaoke , Wang Peng , Dai Ying , Cheng Hefeng , Huang Baibiao
Published: July 2024

Selective CO2 photoreduction to value‐added multi‐carbon (C2+) feedstocks, such as C2H4, holds great promise in direct solar‐to‐chemical conversion for a carbon‐neutral future. Nevertheless, the performance is largely inhibited by the high energy barrier of C−C coupling process, thereby leading to C2+ products with low selectivity. Here we report that through facile surface immobilization of a 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIM‐BF4) ionic liquid, plasmonic Cu nanowires could enable highly selective CO2 photoreduction to C2H4 product. At an optimal condition, the resultant plasmonic photocatalyst exhibits C2H4 production with selectivity up to 96.7 % under 450 nm monochromatic light irradiation, greatly surpassing its pristine Cu counterpart. Combined in situ spectroscopies and computational calculations unravel that the addition of EMIM‐BF4 ionic liquid modulates the local electronic structure of Cu, resulting in its enhanced adsorption strength of *CO intermediate and significantly reduced energy barrier of C−C coupling process. This work paves new path for Cu surface plasmons in selective artificial photosynthesis to targeted products.
Reactive compatibilization of harakeke fiber‐reinforced poly(lactic) acid/polybutylene succinate blend
Authors: Akindoyo John O. , Pickering Kim , Beg Mohammad Dalour , Mucalo Michael
Published: July 2024

Different blends of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS), and their harakeke fiber‐reinforced composites were studied. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the PLA and PBS are incompatible and poorly miscible. Tensile strength and tensile modulus of the blends were found to reduce as the amount of PBS increased. Reinforcement alone was not able to significantly improve the mechanical performance of the blend, which is lower than that of neat PLA. Therefore, simultaneous reinforcement and reactive compatibilization were performed using harakeke fiber, and dicumyl peroxide as reinforcement and compatibilizer, respectively. This produced about 201% increase in the crystallinity of PLA. Compared with the PLA/PBS blend, the dual effect approach increased the tensile strength and tensile modulus by 31% and 148%, respectively. Likewise, dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the thermomechanical properties of the composite greatly improved.
How Maximizers Estimate Their Decision Time: The Mediating Effect of Memory Reduction
Authors: Huang He , Li Hong
Published: July 2024

Previous studies have divided people into maximizers and satisficers based on their tendency to seek the best in decision‐making. In the present research, we aim to unravel the time estimation process of maximizers in decision‐making through four studies. The results indicate that maximizers tend to underestimate the time spent in decision‐making, which is due to the difference in their memory reduction for decision‐related information compared to that of satisficers. Specifically, maximizers' memories of special information (rather than common information) become worse than those of satisficers, which leads to their underestimation of decision time. These findings provide a deeper understanding of how maximizers estimate their decision time, which offers important insights into how maximizers make their decisions. Overall, this research contributes to the literature by shedding new light on maximization from the perspective of memory.
A new application of avocado oil to enrich the biological activities of polycaprolactone membranes for tissue engineering
Authors: Yurtsever Merve Çapkın , Aydoğan Selin , İyigündoğdu Zeynep , Cömertpay Alican , Demir Didem , Ceylan Seda
Published: July 2024

The metabolites synthesized by plants to protect themselves serves as natural antimicrobial agents used in biomaterials. In this study, avocado oil (AO), was incorporated as a plant source and natural antimicrobial agent into polycaprolactone (PCL) membranes. The effects of varying AO ratios (25, 50, and 100 wt%.—PCL@25AO, PCL@50AO, PCL@100AO) on PCL membrane morphology, chemical structure, wettability, antimicrobial activity, and cell viabilities were investigated. It was demonstrated that the AO acts as a pore‐forming agent in solvent‐casted membranes. Young's modulus of the membranes varied between 602.68 and 31.92 MPa and more flexible membranes were obtained with increasing AO content. Inhibition zones of AO were recorded between 7.86 and 13.97 mm against clinically relevant microbial strains including bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Antimicrobial activity of AO was retained in PCL membranes at all ratios. Resazurin assay indicated that PCL@25AO membranes were cytocompatible with mouse fibroblast cells (L929 cell line) on day 6 showing 72.4% cell viability with respect to neat PCL membranes. Viability results were supported by scanning electron microscopy images and DAPI staining. The overall results of this study highlight the potential of PCL@25AO membranes as a biomaterial with antimicrobial properties, cytocompatibility, and mechanical strength suitable for various biomedical applications.
Developing and testing a Tool for Rapid Assessment of Sustainability in Organisations
Authors: Lozano Rodrigo , Barreiro‐Gen María
Published: July 2024

Assessment and reporting has been recognised as one of the key drivers for sustainability in organisations; however, most organisations' reports fall short of sustainability guidelines and the available sustainability assessment and reporting (SAR) frameworks have been limited by several issues. The aim of this paper is to develop and test a rapid sustainability in organisations framework that includes all the sustainability dimensions and their interactions using a manageable number of indicators. A survey was developed to investigate the impacts and contribution of organisations to sustainability, where 224 full responses were obtained. The responses were analysed using descriptive analysis, Friedman tests, analyses of variance, ratio analyses, and correlations. The results show that organisations still address sustainability through compartmentalisation and skewed to the social dimension of sustainability. The results also show that the understanding of SAR in practice in organisations is more advanced regarding sustainability interrelations than the available frameworks and theoretical discourses. The ratio analyses provide a more complete understanding than a ranking analysis. Easier and faster SAR can help better address the dimensions of sustainability and their interrelations, as well as the positive and negative contributions, in order to avoid reinforcing limited and incomplete sustainability efforts. The proposed framework (Tool for Rapid Assessment of Sustainability in Organisations [TRASO]) can serve as a first step for organisations to detect strong and weak points in their sustainability efforts by providing a rapid, balanced and holistic assessment of sustainability issues, which can, in turn, help in the decision‐making process in becoming more sustainable.
Analysis of the clinical efficacy and safety of anti‐PD‐1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Shi Shuling , Li Bingyan , Zhou Pengcheng , Chen Linhui , Li Huizhen , Wang Yingyi , Deng Xiaoyu , Dang Qianqian , Wu Jingjing , Zha Boya , Li Peihong , Zheng Yingjuan , Yang Daoke
Published: July 2024

Objective

To analyze the efficacy and adverse effects of anti‐PD‐1 immune checkpoint inhibitors aimed at nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods

During the first stage of the study, using 40 patients with stage III/IVa NPC treated with anti‐PD‐1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with chemoradiotherapy as a first‐line treatment (observation group) and 70 patients with NPC treated with chemoradiotherapy alone (control group). In the second stage of the study, 88 patients with NPC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors were grouped according to the number of lines of immunotherapy, the number of times, and the types of application.

Results

Observation of the short‐term effects in the first stage indicated that the objective response rate (ORR) of the observation group and the control group against primary foci of NPC was 75.0% versus 40.0%; the mortality rate of the observation group was much lower than that of the control group. The overall first‐line treatment evaluation of the observation vs. control groups were as follows: ORR (67.5% vs. 38.6%); median PFS (17.52 vs. 17.21 months); and median OS (18.68 vs. 18.14 months), respectively (p < 0.05). The second stage of the study had an ORR of 53.4%, and the efficacy of immunotherapy was related to staging, timing, and frequency.

Conclusion

Anti‐PD‐1 immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemoradiotherapy as the first‐line treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma may improve patient outcomes significantly. Timing, frequency, and the type of immunotherapy exerted an effect on the efficacy of immunotherapy. Adverse effects that occurred during treatment were tolerable and controllable.
Large acute epidural hematoma from head pin fixation fracture
Authors: da Silva Vinicius Trindade Gomes , Makarem Louise , dos Santos Silva Rhuann Pontes , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Paiva Wellingson Silva
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical Message

Regarding head immobilization practices in neurosurgery, secondary fixation fractures are rare, underscoring the importance of precise pin positioning and an adequate force in the three‐point clamp to achieve adequate fixation. Attention should be given to factors such as changes in bone metabolism.
Recent Advances in Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for High‐Efficient Solid‐State Hydrogen Storage: A Review
Authors: Abdulkadir Bashir Abubakar , Setiabudi Herma Dina
Published: July 2024

This review highlights the promising potential of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for solid‐state hydrogen storage due to their high surface area, low mass density, and chemical stability. Recent advances in doping and functionalization of MWCNTs have demonstrated enhanced hydrogen adsorption capacities that are closer to the United States Department of Energy targets. Transition metal atom doping has been shown to significantly improve hydrogen binding through spillover mechanisms. Additionally, metal doping of MWCNTs exhibited impressive gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen storage capacities. These developments represent a crucial step toward realizing safe, efficient, and cost‐effective solid‐state hydrogen storage solutions enabled by tailored MWCNTs for clean energy applications. Hence, this review aims to summarize the findings on the use of MWCNTs for hydrogen storage, where challenges are discussed and recommendations are provided.
Carbon Dots in Photodynamic Therapy: The Role of Dopant and Solvent on Optical and Photo‐Responsive Properties
Authors: Wibowo Agung , Jahir Khan Mohd , Sansanaphongpricha Kanokwan , Khemthong Pongtanawat , Laosiripojana Navadol , Yu Yu‐Sheng , Wu Kevin C.‐W. , Sakdaronnarong Chularat
Published: July 2024

Carbon dots (CDs) are novel carbon‐based luminescent materials with wide‐ranging applications in biosensing, bioimaging, drug transportation, optical devices, and beyond. Their advantageous attributes, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, antioxidant activity, photostability, small particle size (<10 nm), and strong light absorption and excitation across a broad range of wavelengths, making them promising candidates in the field of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as photosensitizers (PSs). Further enhancements in functionality are imperative to enhance the effectiveness of CDs in PDT applications, notwithstanding their inherent benefits. Recently, doping agents and solvents have been demonstrated to improve CDs’ optical properties, solubility, cytotoxicity, and organelle targeting efficiency. These improvements result from modifications to the CDs’ carbon skeleton matrices, functional groups on the surface state, and chemical structures. This review discusses the modification of CDs with heteroatom dopants, dye dopants, and solvents to improve their physicochemical and optical properties for PDT applications. The correlations between the surface chemistry, functional groups, the structure of the CDs, and their optical characteristics toward quantum yield, redshift feature, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, have also been discussed. Finally, the progressive trends for the use of CDs in PDT applications are also addressed in this review.
Color analysis of ancient Egyptian paintings and its applications in modern digital visualization
Authors: Zeng Qiaoling
Published: July 2024

This study aims to identify the color preferences of ancient Egyptian paintings and their cultural and historical reasons through color analysis, and consequently introduce a color collection of ancient Egyptian painting colors for color matching of modern digital images. A total of 134 original and 168 replica/repair painting samples were selected from the digital repositories of various authoritative museum collections, focusing on painting patterns formed on object surfaces using coloring agents. The collected samples, spanning from the Ancient Kingdom of Egypt to the Greco‐Roman period, encompass distinct types of ancient Egyptian paintings. The diversity and chronological distribution of these samples suggest that the color use in ancient Egyptian paintings is closely linked to the burial culture, coffin decoration, religious beliefs, and policy changes. Color analysis of the collected samples using the natural color system revealed that the predominant colors in ancient Egyptian paintings tend to be in the red and yellow spectrum, while the blue, green, and purple spectrum is relatively less prominent. This can be attributed to the historical development of colors, the scarcity of mineral resources, and the symbolic significance of colors in ancient Egyptian culture. Finally, a collection of ancient Egyptian painting colors was selected from extracted colors based on color differences to reflect the color characteristics of ancient Egyptian paintings. Furthermore, the construction method of color palettes with different thematic images and the practical application of these palettes in digital patterns using the proposed color collection were demonstrated to offer a reference for designers.
Novel insights into the pathological features of COPD: Focus on oxidative stress and mitophagy
Authors: Gao Jiameng , Shen Yao , Chen Zhihong
Published: July 2024

Chronic airway obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and curable disease characterised by persistent airflow limitation. It is characterised by chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema, and its aetiology is related to various factors such as smoking and infectious factors, and so forth. The pathogenesis is complex and prone to frequent exacerbations, and the prognosis of acute exacerbations of COPD is often poor. As a crucial component of the innate immune system, lung macrophages significantly influence the onset and progression of COPD. When macrophage mitochondria become dysfunctional, many macrophage functions (e.g., phagocytosis, cytokine secretion, chemotaxis, etc.) change. The aim of this paper is to describe the three major pathological features of COPD (oxidative stress imbalance, macrophage polarisation and mitochondrial membrane potential [MMP] production and mitochondrial autophagy), to describe in detail the mechanism of mitochondrial autophagy pathway and its association with oxidative stress and macrophage polarisation and to emphasise the role of macrophage mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) in COPD, with the aim of providing ideas and directions for subsequent studies.
Carbon Wrapped Nanosilicon with Reserved Void for High Capacitance and Stable Lithium‐Ion Battery Anode
Authors: Wu Qiao , Luo Xiaolai , Zhou Lisha , Yang Zhihong , Lu Luhua
Published: July 2024

Applicable anode with an industrial‐compatible production process, high capacitance, and good stability is of great importance for the development of lithium‐ion battery technology. In this work, a composite of carbon/silicon with a well‐reserved void is prepared. The composite shows uniform spherical morphology with rich inside voids between the silicon core and carbon shell. Benefiting from the porous structure, the volumetric variation of silicon in the composite as anode during the charging/discharging process can be reversible, and its good anode stability can be achieved in comparison with carbon‐coated silicon without void. The gravimetric capacitance of it reaches 1579.5 mAh g−1. After 100 cycles, the capacitance retention achieves 91.7% compared with 79.8% of carbon‐coated silicon without void.