bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The metal production at Düzen Tepe (Southwest Turkey): an archaeological and archaeometric study
Authors: Vyncke Kim , Mušič Branko , Degryse Patrick , Waelkens Marc
Published: November 2014

At the Classical-Hellenistic settlement at Düzen Tepe (SW Turkey), magnetite particles were observed in the majority of the excavation contexts and a considerable amount of metal production waste and metal objects was found in a wide variety of archaeological contexts. In order to find out the origin of the magnetite ore and to determine whether or not the ores, production waste and objects all originated from local metal production activities, a series of archaeological and archaeometric studies were executed. A petrographic study of production waste samples and X-ray fluorescence analysis of production waste and a magnetite ore sample indicated that indeed magnetite was used in the process from which the waste samples resulted. Several inherent characteristics of the magnetite sample used in this study, are likely reflected in the production waste samples. Through a combination of geomagnetic survey and archaeological test soundings a couple of areas probably related to iron production activities could be determined. One location was identified as an area for ore preparation. Although mutual links could not be determined for all three find categories related to metal production (ore, production waste and objects), the study yielded sufficient arguments to assume that metal was produced locally, local magnetite sources were exploited for that reason and at least part of the metal finds from the excavations resulted from that local production.
Orofacial granulomatosis in children can be the initial manifestation of systemic disease: a presentation of two cases
Authors: Simonsen Anne Birgitte , Deleuran Mette
Published: November 2014

Orofacial granulomatosis is a chronic granulomatous condition characterized by relapsing and remitting lip swelling and oral involvement that may include deep ulcers, tags and cobblestone formation. It occurs as an independent entity but also in conjunction with systemic diseases such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and Crohn’s disease. The clinical presentation is not indicative of concomitant systemic disease. To highlight the importance of thorough examination to rule out systemic disease, we present two childhood cases of orofacial granulomatosis, one of which was associated to Crohn’s disease.
Diagnosis of Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia in a Patient Previously Treated for Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia
Authors: Bozdag Sinem , Namdaroglu Sinem , Kayikci Omur , Kaygusuz Gülsah , Demiriz Itir , Cinarsoy Murat , Tekgunduz Emre , Altuntas Fevzi
Published: November 2014

Large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukemia is a lymphoproliferative disease characterized by the clonal expansion of cytotoxic T or natural killer cells. We report on a patient diagnosed with T-cell LGL leukemia two years after the achievement of hematologic remission for acute myeloblastic leukemia.
Azacitidine as Salvage Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia in a Severely Ill Patient
Authors: Powers Harry Ross , Bachar Moshe , Savage Natasha , Toscano Michael , Dainer Paul M.
Published: November 2014

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy of myeloid progenitor cells that disrupt normal hematopoiesis. Current chemotherapy regimens result in complete remission in many cases; however, there exists no standard efficacious therapy for refractory acute myeloid leukemia. The hypomethylating agent, azacitidine, is effective in a limited number of such cases. We present a 57-year-old Filipino male with acute myeloid leukemia who was refractory to two induction chemotherapy regimens; however, he achieved complete remission after palliative therapy with azacitidine. We report this case to demonstrate the efficacy of azacitidine in refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Although the effectiveness of azacitidine in improving overall survival has been shown, this case demonstrates the effect on remission induction in high risk AML. Further studies are needed to delineate subsets of acute myeloid leukemia in which azacitidine will serve as effective therapy and to identify other targeted agents that may potentiate its effects.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Young Adult Patient Treated with a Pediatric-like Chemotherapeutic Schedule
Authors: Papayannidis Cristina , Volpato Francesca , Iacobucci Ilaria , Abbenante Maria Chiara , Sartor Chiara , Martinelli Giovanni
Published: November 2014

We report here the case of a young adult affected by pre B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), who developed, during a pediatric-like chemotherapy consolidation schedule with high dosage of Methotrexate, a severe neurological toxicity. Clinical presentation and neuroimaging data were diagnostic for posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). A complete resolution was quickly obtained with medical blood pressure control and anticonvulsants administration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of PRES described in the adult ALL setting. Currently, the clinical management of this aggressive disease is moving towards a pediatric-like approach also in adult patients, due to the better outcome reached with intensive chemotherapeutic regimens in children population. However, therapy-related toxicities have to be taken into account, since their onset may adversely affect patients’ clinical outcome.
Malarial infection among antenatal and maternity clinics attendees at the Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Amuta Elizabeth , Houmsou Robert , Wama Emmanuel , Ameh Mary
Published: November 2014

This study assessed the level of malarial infection in relation to some epidemiological factors, gravidity and pregnancy period of antenatal clinic attendees of the Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. We also assessed malarial infection in placental blood in relation to gravidity of pregnant women at delivery in the maternity clinic of the same hospital. Thin and thick blood films were prepared for microscopic examination. A questionnaire was administered to each pregnant woman at the antenatal clinic to collect data on educational level, occupation, gravidity, pregnancy period, malaria preventive measures and malaria symptoms. Of the 163 pregnant women examined at the antenatal clinic, 68.3% (111/163) were infected with malaria. Pregnant women that are illiterates (χ2=15.44, P=0.100) and those that are farmers (χ2=9.20, P=0.270) had the highest infection rate with no significant difference respectively. Malarial infection was significantly higher in the multigravidae, 57.6% (34/59) (χ2=5.16, P=0.007) and non-significant in the pregnant women at their third trimester of pregnancy, 60.9% (53/89) (χ2=4.45, P=0.108). Placental malaria was significantly higher in the primigravidae among pregnant women at delivery (χ2=9.33, P=0.000). A significant difference (χ2=33.52, P=0.000) was observed between pregnant women that did not use any malaria preventive methods, 91.2% (31/34) and those that used single, 64.3% (65/101) and combined, 46.4% (13/28) methods of prevention. Malaria remains highly prevalent among antenatal clinics attendees in Makurdi, Nigeria. Combined method of prevention (insecticides treated nets and insecticide spray) yielded good results and its use is advocated in preventing malaria among the pregnant women.
An overview of risk factors associated to post-partum depression in Asia
Authors: Mehta Shubham , Mehta Nidhi
Published: November 2014

Post partum depression (PPD) is an important complication of child-bearing. It requires urgent interventions as it can have long-term adverse consequences if ignored, for both mother and child. If PPD has to be prevented by a public health intervention, the recognition and timely identification of its risk factors is must. We in this review have tried to synthesize the results of Asian studies examining the risk factors of PPD. Some risk factors, which are unique to Asian culture, have also been identified and discussed. We emphasize on early identification of these risk factors as most of these are modifiable and this can have significant implications in prevention of emergence of post partum depression, a serious health issue of Asian women.
Clozapine-induced liver injury and pleural effusion
Authors: Kane Joseph P.M. , O’Neill Francis A.
Published: November 2014

Clozapine, whilst associated commonly with a transient and benign increase in liver enzymes, has also been associated with varying presentations of hepatitis in existing case reports. This report describes what we believe to be the first documented case of acute liver injury and pleural effusion associated with clozapine, resolving after cessation of the agent. The case supports existing literature in advocating a high index of suspicion, particularly in the 4-5 weeks following clozapine initiation, when considering nonspecific clinical symptoms and signs.
Mandatory physical exercise for the prevention of mental illness in medical students
Authors: Bitonte Robert A. , DeSanto Donald Joseph II
Published: November 2014

Medical students experience higher rates of mental illness than the general population. With competition rising for success in medical school, and residency, increasing incidence of distress are leading this population to experience higher rates of thoughts of dropping out of school, and even suicide. Since many stigmas deter medical students from receiving mental health counseling, such as the perceived inability to handle the stresses of medical school, and the potential lack of competitiveness for residencies if reported, prevention of mental illness may be a better course to take in reducing prevalence in this population. Regular exercise has demonstrated a positive effect on not only promoting physical health, but also mental health. Exercise encourages a healthy mood, positive self esteem, and better cognition, while decreasing the chances of depression, anxiety, and burnout. Implementing exercise time into medical school curriculums, just like the basic sciences, albeit for less time in the day, could provide a feasible way to ensure that all students are taking time to partake in this important activity for their well being. Though medical schools are rigid with attempts to make changes in their curriculum, thirty minutes a day, three to five times a week of exercise of the students’ choice not only is more cost effective than counseling, but it also reduces the chances that they will experience burnout, which if left untreated could transcend into a compromised training experience.
Focal electroencephalography rhythm asymmetry due to focal skull fibrous dysplasia
Authors: Meyer Michael A.
Published: November 2014

An unusual pervasive and persistent asymmetry in background rhythm was found on surface electroencephalography (EEG) recordings in a 22 year old with new onset of generalized seizure activity. Radiographic correlation with computed tomography, positron emission tomography and bone scan imaging uncovered that the higher amplitude left frontal-parietal background activity was related to a circumscribed area of left frontal-parietal fibrous dysplasia affecting the skull. This case report emphasizes that the presumed higher electrical conductance of fibrous dysplasia lead to a greater transparency of normal background rhythms, and must be taken into account as a form of breach rhythm for accurate EEG interpretation.
Identification of 17 highly expressed genes within mouse lumbar spinal cord anterior horn region from an in-situ hybridization atlas of 3430 genes: implications for motor neuron disease
Authors: Meyer Michael A.
Published: November 2014

In an effort to find possible new gene candidates involved in the causation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a prior version of the on-line brain gene expression atlas GENSAT was extensively searched for selectively intense expression within spinal motor neurons. Using autoradiographic data of in-situ hybridization from 3430 genes, a search for selectively intense activity was made for the anterior horn region of murine lumbar spinal cord sectioned in the axial plane. Of 3430 genes, a group of 17 genes was found to be highly expressed within the anterior horn suggesting localization to its primary cellular constituent, the alpha spinal motor neuron. For some genes, an inter-relationship to ALS was already known, such as for heavy, medium, and light neurofilaments, and peripherin. Other genes identified include: Gamma Synuclein, GDNF, SEMA3A, Extended Synaptotagmin-like protein 1, LYNX1, HSPA12a, Cadherin 22, PRKACA, TPPP3 as well as Choline Acetyltransferase, Janus Kinase 1, and the Motor Neuron and Pancreas Homeobox 1. Based on this study, Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 was found to have a particularly selective and intense localization pattern to the ventral horn and may be a good target for development of motor neuron disease therapies; further research is needed.
Aquaporin-4 Immuneglobulin G testing in 36 consecutive Jamaican patients with inflammatory central nervous system demyelinating disease
Authors: Sandy Sherri , Pittock Sean J. , Seemungal Terence A.R. , Ali Amza
Published: November 2014

Epidemiological studies of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) in Jamaica are lacking. Here we reviewed the clinical records of 700 patients undergoing neurological evaluation at the Kingston Public Hospital, the largest tertiary institution in Jamaica over a 4 month period. We investigated the diagnostic utility of Aquaporin-4 ImmuneglobulinG (AQP4-IgG) testing in 36 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of an inflammatory demyelinating disorder (IDD) of the central nervous system (CNS). Patients were classified into 3 categories: i) NMO, n=10; ii) multiple sclerosis (MS), n=14 and iii) unclassified IDD (n=12). All sera were tested for AQP-IgG status by cell binding assay (Euroimmun). No MS cases were positive. Ninety per cent of NMO cases were positive. Four of 12 patients with unclassified IDD tested positive for AQP4-IgG. AQP4-IgG seropositivity was associated with a lower socioeconomic status, higher EDSS (P=0.04) and lower pulmonary function than the seronegative cases (P=0.007). Aquaporin-4 autoimmunity may account for a significant proportion of Jamaican CNS IDDs.
Nurse’s knowledge of neuropathic pain
Authors: Karahan Ali Yavuz , Kucuksarac Seher , Soran Neslihan , Ordahan Banu , Tekin Levent , Basaran Aynur
Published: November 2014

The aim of our study was to determine the levels of information and awareness of the nurses who work on neuropathic pain in the departments of physical medicine and rehabilitation, neurology and neurosurgery. A total of 60 nurses (20 per each department) who work in the physical medicine and rehabilitation, neurology and neurosurgery departments of Beyhekim State Hospital of Konya in Turkey took part in the study. The level of information and awareness of the nurses on neuropathic pain were assessed via a questionnaire prepared by specialists in the light of recent literature. The questionnaire was composed of 30 questions including the definition, symptoms, treatment and management of neuropathic pain. None of 60 nurses participating in the study were given any previous in-service training on neuropathic pain. According to the assessments, 80% of nurses (48) were found not to have sufficient knowledge about definition of neuropathic pain; 83.3% (50) about diseases causing neuropathic pain; 83.3% (50) about symptoms of neuropathic pain; and 90% (54) about management of neuropathic pain. The findings obtained from the nurses of these three departments showed no statistically significant relation. Our findings indicated that the knowledge of participants’ about neuropathic pain who work in these three departments seriously lack of information. Informing nurses about neuropathic pain during in-service training will be an important step towards improving the quality of services provided.
Molecular and Bioactive Profiling of Selected Eugenia Species from Mauritius Island
Authors: Brunchault R. V. , Soulange Joyce Govinden , Sanmukhiya Vijayanti Mala Ranghoo , Sevathian Jean Claude
Published: November 2014

The Eugenia genus is comprised of about 1011 species which share similar features resulting in the complexity of its taxonomy and nomenclature. E. crassipetala, E. kanakana, E. tinifolia and two undescribed Eugenia species all medicinal and endemic to Mauritius Islands were characterized using their phytochemical, bioactive and molecular profile. Biological activity was assessed using the broth microdilution assay and the DPPH assay. Significant minimal inhibitory concentration values of E. crassipetala against E. coli (1.56 mg/mL), E. kanakana against P. mirabilis (0.55 mg/mL) and E. spp. (small) against S. aureus (0.43 mg/mL) validates the antibacterial ability of these plant extracts and could be attributed to their high content of antioxidants (flavonoids and phenols). Genetic diversity among these five species was assessed by amplification of genomic DNA using 60 RAPD and 25 ISSR markers. Hierarchical cluster analysis validates the uniqueness of each Eugenia species with E. crassipetala and E. tinifolia forming a separate cluster. Comparative analysis of phytochemical composition and bioactivity correlate with the branching pattern of the species in the dendogram.
The Effect of Simulated Acid Rain on Growth of Root Systems of Scindapsus aureus
Authors: El-Mallakh Thomas , Gao Yonglin , El-Mallakh Rif
Published: November 2014

The effect of acid rain on root systems has not been adequately studied. This study examined the effect of simulated acid rain on the root systems of a common tropical vine. Cuttings (10 cm) of Scindapsus aureus were grown for 7 weeks without soil in deionized water in which the pH was adjusted with sulfuric acid to 2.25, 3.26, 4.4, 5.5, and 6.5 (no acid added). Tap water (pH = 8.1) was also examined. Root number and total root length were measured at baseline and after 7 weeks. Stock water at the initial pH was used to maintain the water level weekly. There were no differences in either root number or root length in any of plants in pH 4.4 or greater. Plants at the two lowest pH settings did not produce significant roots. Healthy plants (pH ≥ 4.4) acidified the water’s pH in which they were growing to 4.4–5.4. The pH of plants in more acidic pH remained unchanged. Some roots prefer a more acidic pH. If this is characteristic is widespread, the effect of acid rain on plant root systems may be less severe than anticipated.
Optimized In Vitro Plant Regeneration of the Biodiesel Plant Jatropha curcas L.: The Effects of Using Seeds at Different Stages of Maturity As Starting Materials
Authors: Rampadarath Sillma , Puchooa Daneshwar , Ranghoo-Sanmukhiya Mala
Published: November 2014

Jatropha curcas L. is an important biofuel plant that can be regenerated in vitro using seeds. The fruits of J. curcas do not reach maturity at the same time although they are on the same bunch. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of seeds, from fruits at different stages of maturity, on in vitro plantlet formation. Callus was induced on Murashige and Skoog medium using different concentrations of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6 benzylaminopurine (BAP). 2,4D at a concentration of 3.0 mg/L and BAP at 1.0 mg/L were found to be optimum for callus formation. In vitro plantlets obtained on BAP were smaller with thicker hypocotyl and thicker roots. On the other hand, seeds from mature fruits gave better results for in vitro plantlet regeneration on 1.0 mg/L BAP without any rooting medium. A combination of sand and soil were used for acclimatization. Best results were obtained when sand and soil were used in equal amounts. Results also showed that seed maturity is an important factor for in vitro plant regeneration of J. curcas and that root formation in vitro does not require additional plant growth regulator substance.
Potential Yield of Soybean Promising Lines in Acid Soil of Central Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: Kuswantoro Heru
Published: November 2014

Most of Indonesia dryland is covered by acid soil which lead to the decreasing potential yield of the crops. In different areas soybean potential yield also different depends on the different soil pH and the availability of the soil. The objective of the research was to study the potential yield of soybean promising lines in acid soil of Central Lampung, Indonesia. Ten promising lines and two check varieties (Tanggamus and Wilis) were grown in acid soil with pH 4.7. The results showed that the highest seed yield was showed by SC5P2P3.5.4.1-5 with 2.51 t/ha. Other soybean promising lines with seed yield over than 2 t/ha−1 was SJ-5/Msr.99.5.4.5-1-6-1 and the check variety Tanggamus. The highest yield of SC5P2P3.5.4.1-5 was caused by the high number of filled pods and the large of seed size. Other nine promising lines also can be developed to obtained grain yield as many as Tanggamus yield in the area with similar soil and climate conditions.
A Technical Tip for Maintaining the Orientation of Circular Resection Specimens
Authors: Bedford James , Shah Syed Haroon Ali
Published: November 2014

In the excision of potentially malignant skin lesions, it is a surgeon’s duty to assist the pathologist in correctly orientating the specimen submitted for histological examination. The use of marker sutures by surgeons to indicate the orientation of resection specimens is commonplace, but we realized that the excision of a small, circular lesion with a neat, circular excision margin can be the undoing of even the most attentive surgeon, if the correct orientation is lost before the marker is placed. We present a simple extra step that a surgeon can take to ensure that his or her specimen’s orientation is preserved.
Proceedings of the 21st AIUG National Congress
Authors: Editors The
Published: November 2014

Proceedings of the 21st AIUG National Congress - Suppl. vol. 25, No. 2 (2011)
Cloaca-vent prolapsed in a Lutino fischer’s love bird (Agapornis fischeri)
Authors: Biswas Dibyendu , Saifuddin Abul Kashem Mohammed
Published: November 2014

Cloacal-vent prolapse in a bird is often fatal if left untreated. A 10-month-old female love bird was brought to teaching veterinary hospital, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bangladesh, due to an everted cloaca through the vent. This condition was treated successfully by washing, massage, and icing. Calcium was supplemented orally for five days and the bird was cured completely after seven days.
Corrective surgery for canine patellar luxation in 75 cases (107 limbs): landmark for block recession
Authors: Isaka Mitsuhiro , Befu Masahiko , Matsubara Nami , Ishikawa Mayuko , Arase Yurie , Tsuyama Toshiyuki , Doi Akiko , Namba Shinichi
Published: November 2014

Canine medial patellar luxation (MPL) is a very common orthopedic disease in small animals. Because the pathophysiology of this disease involves various pathways, the surgical techniques and results vary according to the veterinarian. Further, the landmark for block recession is not completely clear. We retrospectively evaluated 75 dogs (107 limbs) with MPL in whom our landmark for block recession was used from July 2008 to May 2013. Information regarding the breed, age, sex, body weight, body condition score (BCS), lateral vs bilateral, pre-operative grading, surgical techniques, removal of implants, concomitance with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture, re-luxation, re-operation, and rehabilitation was obtained from the medical records. The breeds were as follows: Chihuahua (n=23), Pomeranian (n=12), Yorkshire Terrier (n=9), and so on. The study group consisted of 33 males (castrated n=13) and 42 females (spayed n=21). The median age was 53.3±35.9 months (32-146 months); 13 cases were less than 12 months of age (17.3%). The pre-surgical BCSs were as follows: 1 (n=0), 2 (n=20), 3 (n=24), 4 (n=24) and 5 (n=7). The body weight was 4.51±3.48 kg (1.34-23.0 kg); 71 cases (94.7%) were less than 10 kg. The MPL grades (each limb) were G1 (n=1), G2 (n=18), G3 (n=78), and G4 (n=10); 32 cases were bilateral and 43 cases were unilateral (right n=27; left n=16). The specific surgical procedure (distal femoral osteotomy) was 3 stifles in Chihuahuas. Concurrent with ACL rupture was 16/107 stifles (15.0%) corrected with the over-the-top method or the extracapsular method in Papillons (5/6), Chihuahuas (5/23), and so on. The occurrences of re-luxation and re-operation were 3 out of 107 stifles (2.8%) and 0%, respectively. In this retrospective study, we present a potentially good surgical landmark for block recession of MPL in dogs.
Biochemical analysis of serum and synovial fluid in clinically normal young camels (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Al-Rukibat Raida , Bani Isamil Zuhair
Published: November 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the reference range values of various biochemical components in serum and synovial fluid in clinically normal young camels (Camelus dromedarius). One-hundred serum samples and 100 synovial fluid samples were collected from clinically, radiographically and cytologically normal carpal, tarsal and fetlock joints. The concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, glucose, sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphorus, albumin and the activities of creatine kinase, alanine aminotransfearse, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined using commercially available kits. The concentration and activities of all measured parameters were significantly lower in the synovial fluid than in the serum except for the ALP and phosphorus, which were similar in both serum and synovial fluids. No significant difference was found in any of the measured biochemical parameters in different joints except in ALP activity, which was higher in the tarsal joint in comparison with the carpal and fetlock joint and the BUN concentration, which was higher in the tarsal joint in comparison with the carpal joint. Baseline values for biochemical components of normal camel synovial fluid and their serum counterparts have been generated. Such data can be used in the clinical investigation of camel’s joint diseases.
Apocrine hidrocytoma in an Awassi sheep
Authors: Hananeh Wael M. , Daradka Mousa , Ismail Zuhair Bani , Ababneh Huthaifa S.
Published: November 2014

Hidrocytomas are benign cystic lesions of sweat apocrine glands. It is a recognized condition in cats and dogs, but has never been reported in sheep. In this case, a 5-year-old Awassi ewe was presented for ocular evaluation. The left eye had a 1.0-cm-diameter dome shaped mass containing clear fluids and was protruded from the palpebral eyelid margin near the lateral canthus. The cyst was surgically removed and revealed apocrine hidrocytoma via histopathology. Seven months post-surgery, neither cyst recurrence nor additional masses were present. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of apocrine hidrocytoma in sheep.
Immune response assessment of inactivated Newcastle disease virus liposomal-based vaccine
Authors: Khalifeh Mohammad , Assaf Shereen , Al-Saleh Walid , Gharaibeh Mohammad
Published: November 2014

Liposomes were evaluated as an alternative carrier to deliver inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The ability of a liposomal-based NDV vaccine to activate both cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and humoral immunity against NDV was assessed and compared with conventional NDV vaccines. Birds were assigned to 4 groups and received either no vaccine (control), NDV entrapped into liposomes (LN-NDV), NDV with oil adjuvant (oil-NDV), or live attenuated NDV (live-NDV). All birds were stimulated after 40 days of vaccination in vivo by an intravenous injection of inactivated NDV crude antigen, which is considered an in vivo NDV-specific stimulation of the chicken immune system. After vaccination and in vivo stimulation, serum samples were collected for NDV-specific antibody response evaluation by a hemagglutination inhibition test (HI) and an enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). The CMI and humoral immunity were evaluated by a measurement of the chicken interferon gamma and specific antibody response in the serum, respectively. Conventional NDV vaccines were able to stimulate a strong humoral and CMI response. Although the newly tested vaccine induced a weak NDV-specific antibody response after vaccination, the response was highly up-regulated, several folds above the protective level, after in vivo stimulation. All NDV vaccine formulas were able to induce a CMI response after vaccination at variable time points. This study revealed that a liposomal NDV-based vaccination in this experimental model tends to induce CMI and can only be beneficial in priming vaccinated birds to promote a strong anti-body response to later NDV exposure.
A case of ocular thelaziasis in a 2.5 years old Holstein heifer
Authors: Daradka Mousa , Ismail Zuhair Bani
Published: November 2014

A 2.5-years-old, Holstein lactating dairy cow was presented to the Veterinary Health Center with severe conjunctivitis and exuberant granulation tissue formation of the left eye. Upon close examination of the eye, a 2-cm long slender-shaped nematode was found in the conjunctival sac. The nematode was examined by a veterinary parasitologist and determined to be Thelazia species. The exuberant granulation tissue was surgically removed and a total of 0.5 mL of 1% levamisole was injected subconjunctivally. Levamesole was also injected subcutaneously at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight and repeated after 15 days. The cow made a complete recovery within 25 days following treatment. This is the first case report of ocular thelaziasis in dairy cattle in Jordan.
Information for action: AJLM’s special issue on transforming the quality of laboratory medicine through the Strengthening Laboratory Management Toward Accreditation programme
Authors: Guest Editors The Supplement Coordinators And
Published: November 2014

No abstract available
The structure and homogeneity of Psalm 32
Authors: Potgieter J. Henk
Published: November 2014

Psalm 32 is widely regarded as a psalm of thanksgiving with elements of wisdom poetry intermingled into it. The wisdom elements are variously explained as having been present from the beginning, or as having been added to a foundational composition. Such views of the Gattung have had a decisive influence on the interpretation of the psalm. This article argues, on the basis of a structural analysis, that Psalm 32 should be understood as a homogeneous wisdom composition. The parallel and inverse structure of its two stanzas demonstrate that the aim of its author was to encourage the upright to foster an open, intimate relationship with Yahweh in which transgressions are confessed and Yahweh’s benevolent guidance on the way of life is wisely accepted.
The emergence of John Calvin as pastoral figure from his letters
Authors: Potgieter Raymond
Published: November 2014

The gaunt austere figure of John Calvin portrayed in paintings is often synonymous with the view of a stern, authoritarian, dogmatic person, and a strict disciplinarian. Discovery of a more complex figure, however, awaits anyone dipping into Calvin’s letters, in particular when writing pastorally to comfort, encourage, point towards hope and so forth. However, this is no second figure emerging – merely a more balanced portrait of a servant of God who has not always been fairly portrayed. This portrait must be seen as closely associated with his writings. Because theology is for the nurture and maturing of the Church and therefore cannot be divorced from it, the pastoral nature of some incidents does, however, allow the humanity of Calvin to shine through more clearly.Johannes Calvyn: Meer as ‘n sistematiese teoloog. Johannes Calvyn se skraal asketiese voorkoms soos in skilderye uitgebeeld, skep dikwels die indruk van ‘n stroewe, dogmatiese en dissiplinêre figuur. Uit sy briewe en veral uit sy pastorale geskrifte blyk dit egter dat hy ‘n warm en gevoelvolle persoon was wat mense getroos, bemoedig en hoop gegee het. Dit is nie ’n nuwe voorstelling van Calvyn nie, maar bloot ’n meer gebalanseerde beeld van die bekende dienskneg van God wat nie altyd getrou voorgehou is nie. Trouens, hierdie getrouer beeld van hom word deur sy ander geskrifte onderskryf. Omdat teologie onder meer oor die pastorale opvoeding en opbouing van die Kerk gaan, kan daar ook met ’n oop gemoed na hierdie eienskappe van Calvyn in sy teologiese geskrifte gesoek word. Dit is juis die ontdekking van hierdie eienskappe in Calvyn se geskrifte wat daartoe bydra dat sy medemenslikheid duideliker sigbaar word.
Soil water retention curves for the major soil types of the Kruger National Park
Authors: Buitenwerf Robert , Kulmatiski Andrew , Higgins Steven I.
Published: November 2014

Soil water potential is crucial to plant transpiration and thus to carbon cycling and biosphere–atmosphere interactions, yet it is difficult to measure in the field. Volumetric and gravimetric water contents are easy and cheap to measure in the field, but can be a poor proxy of plant-available water. Soil water content can be transformed to water potential using soil moisture retention curves. We provide empirically derived soil moisture retention curves for seven soil types in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Site-specific curves produced excellent estimates of soil water potential from soil water content values. Curves from soils derived from the same geological substrate were similar, potentially allowing for the use of one curve for basalt soils and another for granite soils. It is anticipated that this dataset will help hydrologists and ecophysiologists understand water dynamics, carbon cycling and biosphere–atmosphere interactions under current and changing climatic conditions in the region.
Solitary dural plasmacytoma with parenchymal invasion
Authors: Khalili R , Mokhtari M , Fard S , Neshat A , Norouzi R
Published: November 2014

Summary: Primary solitary dural plasmacytoma is an uncommon neoplasm of plasma cell. The clinical presentation and neuroradiological findings of these tumors may be deceptive and resemble to the other most prevalent brain tumors. Solitary plasmacytoma mostly shows a benign behavior and malignant features like local invasion is so rare. We describe the case of parenchymal brain involvement by solitary dural plasmacytoma.
Development of contralateral extradural hematomas after evacuation of primary one
Authors: Senapati Satya , Panigrahi Souvagya , Mishra Sudhansu
Published: November 2014

The occurrence of bilateral extradural hematomas (EDH) is an uncommon consequence of closed head injuries. Incidence of bilateral EDH has been reported in various studies ranging from 2 to 25%. Bilateral EDH may develop simultaneously or second EDH develops few hours after first one. Development of second EDH after evacuation of primary one is rarely seen. We are reporting one such case. Awareness of this entity is required to detect such cases as timely intervention gives an excellent result like an acute EDH.
Primary spinal tumors in childhood: A single institution 15 year experience
Authors: Hung Po-Cheng , Wu Chieh-Tsai , Jaing Tang-Her , Sheen Jiunn-Ming , Chou Ming-Liang , Lin Kuang-Lin
Published: November 2014

Background: Pediatric primary spinal tumors (PST) are fairly uncommon, with little available data regarding incidence and outcomes. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the 22 consecutive patients less than 18 years old diagnosed with PST between March 1997 and May 2011 and treated at Chang Gung Children Hospital. All patients had undergone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for pre-operative evaluation and operations for PST. The extent of tumor removal was assessed by surgical report by the neurosurgeon or by post-operative MRI if available. Results: Ten of them had intramedullary tumors and 12 had intradural extramedullary tumors. All patients were treated with surgery to the primary site. A total of 15 patients underwent gross total tumor resection and seven patients received post-operative radiotherapy. Five patients received adjuvant chemotherapy for their primary tumor. Fourteen patients (64%) survived from study entry without tumor progression. Conclusions: PST encompassed a diverse group of pathologic entities that differ markedly based on the location and age of the children. Total resection of pediatric PST in children could be performed with acceptable risk and satisfactory long-term results.
The impact of size and location on rupture of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Orz Yasser , AlYamany Mahmoud
Published: November 2014

Objective: For effective management of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms, prognostic criteria for rupture, of which aneurysm size, location, and multiplicity are key factors. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between the aneurysm size, location, and multiplicity, and their effect on aneurysmal rupture. Materials and Methods: Eighty one patients with diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms were managed at our center from January 2008 through July 2011. The characteristics of aneurysms, such as size, location, multiplicity, and presentation were retrospectively reviewed from their charts and radiological findings. Results: Eighty one patients harboring 104 aneurysms were diagnosed, of them 45 were males (55.5%) and 36 were females (44.5%). Seventy-six patients (94%) presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to ruptured aneurysm. Thirty-three patients who were presented with SAH (43%) had their ruptured aneurysm located at the anterior communicating artery with a mean size 5.8 mm. Most of the small (<7 mm) ruptured aneurysms were located at the anterior communicating artery, distal anterior cerebral arteries, posterior communicating arteries, and internal carotid artery bifurcation (51%, 13%, 11%, and 11%), respectively. There were 24 small unruptured aneurysms, 10 of them (42%) located at the middle cerebral arteries, while only 2 of them (8%) located at the anterior communicating artery. Conclusions: The aneurysm size and location play a substantial role in determining the risk of rupture. The most common location of rupture of small aneurysms was the anterior communicating artery, while the middle cerebral artery was the commonest site for small unrupured aneurysms.
C2 Primary leiomyoma in an immunocompetent woman: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Patibandla Mohana , Nayak Madhukar , Purohit A , Uppin Megha , Challa Sundaram , Addagada Gokul , Nukavarapu Manisha
Published: November 2014

Clinical case report and review of the literature. This is the first case of primary leiomyoma in an immunocompetent woman without previous history of uterine leiomyoma being reported in the literature to the best of our knowledge.Leiomyoma, a type of smooth muscle cell tumor, involving the vertebra is extremely rare. There were very few primary leiomyoma in patients with AIDS or in the immune-suppressed patients.This 48-year-old female came with H/o neck pain, weakness and bladder retention. On examination, tone increased in all four limbs, power on the right side of the limbs 4/5, power on the left upper limb 0/5, lower limb 3/5, left plantar was up going, decreased sensation over the left second cervical vertebra (C2) dermatome and all modalities decreased below C2. X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine showed kyphosis of the cervical spine with destruction of the C2 vertebral body along with pathological fracture. The patient underwent decompression of the C2 lesion through the C2 right pedicle with occipito-C1-C3 lateral mass screws fixation. Lesion anterior to the cord was reached by a transpedicular approach and decompression was performed.The lesion was pinkish grey, firm and moderately vascular and was destroying the C2 vertebral body. The patient improved symptomatically in power in the left upper limb and lower limb over the next 1 week duration from 0/5 to 4+/5. Histopathology revealed primary leiomyoma. The patient was evaluated with ultrasound abdomen and contrast tomogram of the chest, abdomen and pelvis to rule out other possible lesions in the lung, intestines and uterus.We suggest that leiomyoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of destructive lytic lesions involving the C2 vertebra. Histopathological examination with immunohistochemistry is necessary for the definitive diagnosis. Treatment of choice is surgery with complete removal.
Intra-axial chondroblastoma: A bony tumor in the cerebral hemisphere – A case report and review of literature
Authors: Sharma Mayur , Khan Shadma , Velho Vernon , Mally Rahul
Published: November 2014

This case highlights a rare possibility of occurrence of chondroblastoma, a bony tumor, at an uncommon location. Extraosseous, soft tissue location of this bony tumor is rare and more so for intracranial intra-axial location. We report a case of an intra-axial frontal lobe lesion, histologically proven to be an extraosseous chondroblastoma. A 23-year-old male presented with a history of headache and vomiting of 1 month duration. Imaging was suggestive of left frontal lobe intra-axial calcified lesion suggestive of oligodendroglioma. Patient was operated upon by left frontal craniotomy with complete excision of the lesion. The patient recovered well postoperatively. Left sixth nerve paresis improved and ataxia decreased.Intra-axial chondroblastomas are extremely rare tumors. Differential diagnosis should be kept in mind, especially in cases of calcified lesions. Complete excision should be the aim to achieve cure.
A common case with an unusual association: Chiari I malformation with holocord syrinx
Authors: Bansal Sumit , Borkar Sachin , Mahapatra Ashok
Published: November 2014

Authors are presenting a common case of Chiari malformation but with a very unusual associated finding, holocord syringomyelia, which responded to posterior fossa decompression. An 11-year-old male patient presented with progressive left hemiparesis and numbness on left half of the body for 4 years. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine revealed peg-shaped herniation of tonsils 8 mm below the foramen magnum and holocord syringomyelia. No focal intraspinal mass was seen. Chiari I malformation with holocord syrinx was diagnosed. The patient underwent posterior fossa decompression with subpial resection of both tonsils with augmentation duraplasty. Post-operatively, patient improved clinically as well as radiologically.
Association of brain abscess with a mycotic aneurysm of the contralateral internal carotid artery in a patient of cyanotic heart disease
Authors: Bansal Sumit , Borkar Sachin , Mahapatra Ashok
Published: November 2014

Congenital cyanotic heart disease can lead to intra-cranial involvement. Authors report a very rare case of right intra-cerebral abscess diagnosed on computerized tomography (CT) scan and simultaneous presence of an aneurysm of the left internal carotid artery diagnosed on CT angiogram in a 15-year-old child with congenital cyanotic heart disease with recent onset left hemiparesis. Right cerebral abscess was tapped and left internal carotid aneurysm was planned to be followed up by giving antibiotics and serial angiograms, but he could not survive and died due to non-cranial cause. We conclude that cerebral angiography is necessary to diagnose cerebro-vascular complications, including infectious aneurysms, in cases presenting with unusual findings on neuroimaging study. Patient must undergo serial angiography while being on intravenous antibiotics. Intervention (either surgical or endovascular) should be considered if there are no signs of regression of size of aneurysm or in the presence of aneurysm rupture. We have not been able to find a similar case in the English literature.
Comprehension and compliance with the discharge advice and quality of life at home among the postoperative neurosurgery patients discharged from PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Singh Amarjeet , Tewari Manoj , Kaur Sukhpal
Published: November 2014

Problem Statement: Neurosurgical patients require special care not only in the hospital but also after their discharge from the hospital. Comprehension and compliance to the instructions given by the doctors/nurses at the time of discharge is important in home care of these patients. Many such patients suffer from various co-morbidities. Variable periods of convalescence affect health-related quality of life in these patients.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the degree of compliance of neurosurgery patients and their family caregivers with the discharge advice given by the consultants

To evaluate the quality of life of these patients

To know the problems faced by these patients at home.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional interview-based descriptive study was conducted in 2010 in Chandigarh. These patients were visited at their home. A scale was evolved to evaluate comprehension and compliance to the advice given at the time of discharge, according to the criteria developed by Clark et al. Lawton Brody instrumental activity of daily life and Spitzer quality of life index were used to assess patients' quality of life after the operation. Verbatim responses were recorded for the purpose of qualitative research.

Results: Overall, 58 patients and their caregivers were interviewed at home. Mean age of the patients was 38.9 years. Out of 37 patients, 35 showed good comprehension and 33 patients had a good compliance with the instructions given for medication. The condition of 74.1% patients improved after the operation. Depression was reported in 31% of the patients. Many (36.2%) patients had to quit their job due to the disease. Almost half (47.4%) of the patients were independent in daily activities of their life while being evaluated on Barthel activity of daily life index.

Conclusion and Recommendations: It is in the long term that the true complexity and impact of operations become apparent. After operation, such patients are likely to have a range of physical, emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and social problems, which may result in difficulties for both patients and their family caregivers. Provision of mechanism of prioritized follow-up care to the operated bedridden neurosurgery patients should be made.
Excision of hypoglossal neurinoma by condyle sparing suboccipital keyhole approach
Authors: Bhatoe Harjinder
Published: November 2014

Hypoglossal neurinomas are rare tumors that present with gradually worsening unilateral wasting of the tongue. The tumors often attain large size prior to detection and often extend into the hypoglossal canal. Large tumors can distort the brainstem and cerebellum. Preoperative diagnosis can often be made by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast enhancement. Traditionally, surgery for these tumors has entailed large transcondylar approaches, often necessitating occipitocervical stabilization. We managed one 23-year-old female patient with a large hypoglossal neurinoma. The tumor could be excised completely by a condyle-sparing minimally invasive suboccipital keyhole approach.
Domian Transfer as a Strategy Deployed to Portray Massive Corruption in Olusegun Obasanjo’s Open Letter to President Jonathan: A Pragmatic Survey
Authors: Aikoriogie AM , Ugwu EN
Published: November 2014

This essay is a pragmatic analysis of Olusegun Obasanjo.s open letter,  dated 2nd December 2013, to the sitting president, Goodluck Ebele  Jonathan. The letter titled ¡°Before It Is Too Late¡± raises pertinent  national issues bothering on massive corruption and the degenerating state of the country.s social, economic, and political make up. There have been on-going conversations in almost every facet of the country, and outside, on the content of the letter. Also there are variations of public opinion on the intent, content, and context of the epistle, many of which come from the power brokers in Nigeria. What this essay does is to examine cases of domain transfer in the text. In the process, it discovers that the writer deploys lexical items from source domains- religion, military, business world, and Cricket game, et cetera to implicitly or explicitly portray issues of corruption in the text.Key words: open letter; domain transfer; Obasanjo; Jonathan; corruption.