bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NITROGEN, POTASSIUM AND PHOSPHOROUS FERTILIZER SUGGESTIONS FOR AUSTRALIAN RED CEDAR IN OXISOL
Authors: Moretti Bruno Silva , Furtini Neto Antonio Eduardo , Benatti Bruno Peres , Deccetti Soami , Lacerda Julian Junio de Jesus , Stehling Eduardo De Castro
Published: September 2015

AbstractForest species present around 75% of their nutrient demand in the initial growth stage. The objectives of this study were: to determine appropriate doses of N, P and K to be applied for Australian cedar cultivation in Oxisols; and to establish foliar contents suitable for the initial stage of plant development. Three concomitant experiments were carried out using randomized blocks design with four replications. In the first, it was provided 5 doses of N, and in the second 5 doses of P2O5, and in the third 5 doses of K2O. In all three experiments, Australian cedar seedlings were planted at 3x2 m spacing. Maximum economic yield (MEY) was achieved when was provided 75 g N, and 80 g P2O5 per planting hole. In this study, could not be established the dose of K2O that allows MEY, because there was no difference in height and diameter of plants as a function of potassium fertilizer rates. The initial K concentration in the soil (around 100 mg.dm-3) seems adequate to meet the nutritional needs to Australian cedar seedlings. Foliar concentrations did not vary with levels of N, P2O5 and K2O applied to soil. Mean content of N, P and K in the leaves of Australian cedar seedlings were 30, 18 and 2 mg.kg-1, respectively.ResumoSugestões de adubação nitrogenada, potássica e fosfatada para o cedro-australiano em Latossolos. Espécies florestais apresentam cerca de 75% de sua demanda de nutrientes na fase inicial de crescimento. Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar doses adequadas de N, P e K a serem aplicadas para o cultivo de cedro-australiano em Latossolos e estabelecer os teores foliares adequados para a fase inicial de desenvolvimento da planta. Foram realizados três experimentos concomitantes, em que se aplicaram cinco doses de N no primeiro, cinco doses de P2O5 no segundo e cinco doses de K2O no terceiro. As mudas foram plantadas no espaçamento de 3 x 2 m, no delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. A máxima eficiência econômica (MEY) foi alcançada com a oferta de 75 g de N e 80 g de P2O5 por cova de plantio. Para potássio, não foi possível estabelecer a dose que permite MEY, porque não houve diferença de altura e diâmetro das plantas que receberam doses diferentes do elemento. Portanto, a concentração inicial de K no solo (cerca de 100 mg.dm-3) parece ser adequada para satisfazer as necessidades nutricionais da espécie. O teor dos nutrientes nas folhas não variou com os níveis de N, P2O5 e K2O aplicados no solo, e os níveis médios de N, P e K nas folhas de cedro-australiano foram de 30, 18 e 2 mg.kg-1, respectivamente.Palavras-chave: Nutrição mineral; silvicultura; Toona ciliata.
MODELOS VOLUMÉTRICOS MISTOS EM CLONES DE EUCALYPTUS NO POLO GESSEIRO DO ARARIPE, PERNAMBUCO
Authors: Gouveia Joseilme Fernandes , Da Silva José Antônio Aleixo , Ferreira Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo , Gadelha Fernando Herinque Lima , Lima Filho Luiz Medeiros de Araújo
Published: September 2015

O presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar o volume de clones de Eucalyptus utilizando modelos mistos. A base de dados foi proveniente de um povoamento de clones de Eucalyptus localizado na Chapada do Araripe, no semiárido do estado de Pernambuco. Foram cubadas rigorosamente, pelo método de Smalian, 89 árvores na idade de sete anos e meio. O modelo de Schumacher e Hall foi utilizado como testemunha, para comparação com os modelos não lineares mistos. Os ajustes dos modelos mistos foram realizados adotando-se seis estruturas distintas para a matriz de variância e covariância. A seleção da melhor equação se deu por meio do critério de informação de Akaike (AIC), Teste da Razão de Máxima Verossimilhança (TRMV), Erro Percentual Absoluto Médio (EPAM) e Teste de Vuong. De acordo com os critérios adotados, os modelos mistos obtiveram melhores ajustes quando comparados com o modelo clássico de Schumacher e Hall, apresentando uma redução no erro percentual absoluto médio de 4,6% para 3,2%. Diante dos resultados obtidos, os modelos mistos não lineares se mostram bastante eficazes para modelagem do volume de Eucalyptus e tendem a contribuir para a redução dos custos do inventário com uma maior acurácia.AbstractMixed volumetric models in clones of Eucalyptus in the gypsum pole of Araripe, Pernambuco. The present research aimed to estimate the volume of Eucalyptus clones using mixed models. The database was derived from an experiment of Eucalyptus clones, located in the Chapada do Araripe, semiarid of the Pernambuco State. 89 trees were cubed by the method Smalian at the age of seven and a half years. The model of Schumacher and Hall was used as a control for comparison with the nonlinear mixed models. The adjustments of the mixed models were performed by adopting six distinct structures for the matrix of variances and covariances. The selection the best equation was done using the Akaike information criterion (AIC) Test Likelihood Ratio (TRMV), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (EPAM) and Vuong test. According to the criteria adopted, mixed models obtain better adjustments when compared with the classical model of Schumacher and Hall, resulting in a decrease in mean absolute percentage error of 4.6% to 3.2%. Based on these results, the nonlinear mixed models appear quite effective for modeling the volume of Eucalyptus and tend to contribute to the reduction of inventory costs with greater accuracy.Keywords: Forest inventory; volumetric estimation; comparing models.
Het Besluit externe veiligheid inrichtingen anno 2015. Over planregels en de Omgevingswet
Authors: Soer J.H.K.C. (Christiaan) , Broeren E. (Esther)
Published: September 2015

Het Besluit externe veiligheid inrichtingen anno 2015. Over planregels en de Omgevingswet

In dit artikel worden enkele recente uitspraken besproken over de (on)mogelijkheid om uitvoering te geven aan het Bevi door middel van planregels. De selectie van de uitspraken en de inhoud van dit artikel zijn gebaseerd op de inhoud van jurisprudentierubrieken van auteurs die in 2014 en 2015 zijn gepubliceerd in het digitale vakblad ‘Ruimtelijke veiligheid en risicobeleid’. Aansluitend staan auteurs kort stil bij de komst van de Omgevingswet.
Interrelationship of some hormonesbelonging to HPG and energy axes inhorses during various reproductive states
Authors: Batsaikhan D , Bayar-Enkh B , Tuvshin B
Published: September 2015

In order to reveal interrelationships of hormones during pregnancy and estrus in animals, some reproductive and metabolic hormones including FSH, inhibin B, prolactin and insulin were measured in blood serum of Mongolian horses with respective immunoassays. Concentrations of blood serum FSH, inhibin B and prolactin in mares during their estrus, early, mid and late pregnancy periods were compared. The comparisons demonstrate concentrations of FSH and inhibin B were inversely proportional especially during estrous cycle of mares. As well, these hormones were also measured in blood serum of stallions with the purpose of assessing their reproductive activity. Concentrations of both hormones were lower in blood serum of stallions, which have harems of less conceived mares or it means higher inhibin concentration results in less reproductive activity. Prolactin was minimal during estrus and early pregnancy, while it increases during late pregnancy, but there was no correlations with above two hormones. Measurements of insulin was helpful to learn whether the animal is suffering from metabolic disorder such as insulin resistance, because last half of pregnancy of mares coincides with the period of fattening of pastured animals. However, main outcome of the present study is that all above hormones might be acting in closer relationships during various reproductive states, despite they belong to different axes of endocrine system, including hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (FSH and inhibin)and energy (insulin and prolactin) axes.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.15(2) 2015; 10-15
Study of pathogenic bacteria detected in fly samples using universal primer-multiplex PCR
Authors: Tsagaan Alimaa , Kanuka Irotaka , Okado Kiyoshi
Published: September 2015

Filth flies, especially house fly, Musca domestica L., not only is a nuisance pest, but also acts as an important mechanical vector for pathogenic microorganism agents, including bacteria, protozoa, worms, fungi and viruses amongst humans and animals. More than 100 pathogens are associated with the house fly and bacteria have been isolated from feces, vomits, external surfaces, and internal organs of this species (De Vos V, et al., 1998; Dragon, DC, 1995; West, 1951; Markus, 1980; Kasprzak et al, 1981; Akinboade et al., 1984; Iwasa et al., 1999).The aim of this study was to detect pathogenic bacteria from house fly by UP-M-PCR. In this study, totally 267house flies were collected and we tried to find a procedure enabling the detection of three pathogens namely, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp and employed for multiplex PCR analysis in house fly. The most common isolated bacteria were L. monocytogenes(132 cases: 49.4%) and another isolated bacteria belong to E. coli (114 case: 42.6%) and Salmonella spp (98 cases: 36.7%). The results of the current study confirm that flies are much more than a nuisance and that they pose potentially serious health risks. The epidemiologic potential of house flies to disseminate pathogenic bacteria may be greater than initially suspected.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.15(2) 2015; 27-32
Histopathological study for using of pox inactivated vaccine in goats
Authors: Nyamdolgor U , Usuhgerel S , Baatarjargal P , Altanchimeg A , Odbileg R
Published: September 2015

This study used goat pox inactivated vaccine (serial No.57,58, year of 2014 ) produced at Biocombinat State Owned Enterprise (SOE).On day 21 and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months after vaccination, the vaccinated animals are challenged with a virulent “Ho” strain by subcutaneous inoculation with 0.1 ml (10-3.5).We have evaluated that the goat pox inactivated vaccine is effective for up to 6 months.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.15(2) 2015; 51-55
Ultrastructural studies of bovine paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease)
Authors: Batbayar T , Andrei S , Tungalag Ch
Published: September 2015

In the present study, we report the ultrastructural morphologic features of infected macrophages, epithelioid cells, Langhans' giant cells and a more detailed impression of the interaction between macrophages and engulfed bacteria in ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes of cows naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP).Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.15(2) 2015; 61-65
Grasshoppers: row materials in traditional medicine
Authors: Yandagiin Ganbold , Ulsiibaatariin Otgonjargal
Published: September 2015

Preparations and medicaments derived from grasshoppers are mostly used for curing such diseases as respiratory disorders /65%/, wounds /16%/, poisoning /8%/, and trauma /11%/ in forms of simple extract /35%/, boiled extract /21%/,bolus /35%/ via swallowing /9%/, drinking /80%/, topical use /14%/ and fumigation /6%/. In total 8 species of grasshoppers of therapeutic values belonging to 4 genera have been identified.Caloric value of raw materials 1351,2 joule and contains up to 60 proteins, 16 amino acids, vitamins and various minerals. Toxicity of grasshoppers preparation is 8,1 ml/kg and the preparation has no adverse effects on animal body. The preparation exerts such effects as relieving the severity of edematous pneumonia, prolonging the life span, minimizing concentration of nitrogen oxide during inflammation as inhibitor, stopping oxidation and adaptability during oxygen deficiency and thermal exposures.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.15(2) 2015; 75-79
Grassland management: case study of vegetation characteristics and grazing systems in Mongolia plateau
Authors: Bolormaa D , Batbuyan B
Published: September 2015

Mongolian Plateau is an important component of the Eurasian steppe biological communities, located in the eastern inland plateau in Central Asia. Results of pearson correlation analysis of biomass, coverage, litter, perennial grasses proportion and excellent forages proportion showed aboveground biomass had positive correlation with litter, perennial grasses and excellent forages proportion (P < 0.05)in main types in Mongolian Plateau. According to the investigation of soil and vegetation basic characteristics, proportion of grasses in Mongolia, and Inner Mongolian steppe is similar, respectively Buriad. The optimization for grassland vegetation refreshment and pasture animal husbandry becomes complex due to self-frangibility and severe damage of typical grassland ecosystem. The traditional patterns of movement remained in Mongolia where the open access grazing systems allows having long distance of movement and using large grazing land. While in Buriatia with kolkoz and Inner Mongolia under the private property right the grazing area is limited. The Eastern Mongolia still holds the traditional nomadic herding and seasonally grazing grassland utilization ways which has not change in a wide range of grassland degradation yet. The research results shows indicate that high benefit of management pattern should be on the basis of nomadic system.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.15(2) 2015; 100-105
Content of nonessential elements and chemical composition of main community of grassland in ecological zones
Authors: Tserendash S , Bolormaa D , Enkhtsetseg B
Published: September 2015

Result of studying a nutrition value of main communities in grasslands is depending on ecological zones and growth stage. Contamination of non essential elements, macro-micro element is non-significant difference between forest steppe and steppe while a significant difference came out in semi desert area.Journal of agricultural sciences №15 (02): 113-117, 2015
The complex assessment of tour-recreational potential of Uvs province of Mongolia
Authors: Baasannamjii B , Bayasgalan L , Shoshvandan B
Published: September 2015

Government of Mongolia has developed “National Development Strategy of Mongolia” and “Regional Development Policy of Mongolia” and it was focused on promoting fast development of tourism as one of the leading sectors of the economy. Furthermore, increase in responsibility of state and local authorities for business sector is paying more attention to further development of regional tour-recreation. Given that the tour-recreation recourses in rural area are ought to be determined specifically as well as the determined recourses are required to be utilized in efficient way, it is envisaged that gradually increases are important for involving the Camp of cooperating Herding Households (CCHH) to be participated in local tour-recreation activities. Accordingly, demands are raised to identify the factors and influences on developing the Tour-recreation activities in CCHH.Our objective of this research work is to conduct the full assessment and regionalize the tour-recreational capacity of Uvs province.Journal of agricultural sciences №15 (02): 130-133, 2015
Results of Bacillus subtilis against major diseases on greenhouse crops
Authors: Batchimeg T , Dondov B
Published: September 2015

Bacillus subtilis and other Bacilli have long been used in the field of agriculture as a biocontrol reagent to protect plants against soil-borne plant pathogens. Evaluation the efficacy of bio-agents, application as foliar spray against vegetables foliar diseases incidence was carried out in greenhouse conditions. The tested Russian bio agents Bacillus subtilis-26D, and Bacillus subtilis-M-22 were evaluated. The recorded foliar diseases, i.e. Powdery mildew, Angular spots of Cucumber, Early, Late blights of Tomato were significantly reduced at all treatments either alone or in combinations comparing with untreated plants. Application with either B. subtilis-26D and B.subtilis-M22showed significant reduction in diseases incidence comparing with the untreated control.Journal of agricultural sciences №15 (02): 134-137, 2015
Study of Ni-V load acid-modified calcined kaolin
Authors: Lkhagvajav N , Zhang Q , Tsedendorj Ts
Published: September 2015

Kaolin as a natural clay mineral, is commercially available at low costs, which is of great importance. It has been demonstrated by existing research kaolin is a very effective carrier for photo catalyst, being able to promote the photocatalytic reaction process as well as improve the efficiency of reaction. The catalysts was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, UV-Vis spectra methods. Ni and V, amount of catalyst investigate. Simultaneously the effects of photocatalytic reaction activity about concentration of sulfuric acid, calcination temperature, ratio of Ni and V, amount of catalyst investigate. The experimental results show that the photocatalytic activity of calcined kaolin which is treated by 40% and loading Ni and V is significantly higher than other kaolin. The kaolin does not have the B acid and L acid peaks, but people could see the B acid and L acid peaks on the kaolin which is roasted and treated by sulfuric acid. In a certain range, the activity of the catalysts increase with the increasing of the concentration of acid.Journal of agricultural sciences №15 (02): 138-142, 2015
Tetraneuraulmi Linnaeus, 1758 (Homoptera, Aphididae) on elm (Ulmus pumila)as its primary pest
Authors: Dolgormaa B , Munkhtsetseg B
Published: September 2015

The aphid Tetraneura ulmi causes a fig like gall to be formed on certain species of elm. T. ulmi is widely distributed Euro-Asian species which was secondarily introduced into North America. It attacks numerous species of elm. In Mongolia particularly Ulmus pumilla. The research was carried out in 2014 in the garden field (J. Sambuu named after the street, S. Zorig garden ) city of Ulaanbaatar. The observations were concerned with Ulmus pumila that grow in the garden that is located in the city centre.Journal of agricultural sciences №15 (02): 143-146, 2015
Study results on experimenting bioproduct of M. anisopliae G09/22 local strain against Eclipophleps bogdanovi sergtarb
Authors: Oyuntogtokh B , Dulamjav D , Otgonzaya M , Nasanjargal D , Byambasuren M
Published: September 2015

It is being main aim to reduce the usage of chemical substances for plant protection, in Mongolian agricultural sector, by isolating and of course determining local strain that can fit in condition of our country specifically to control harmful pests that are having negative impact on the environment especially in the forest and pasture plants. Thus, research work concentrated on isolating bioproduct based on local strain of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and to determine its biological activity. Bioproduct of Ma.Mn-G09/22local strain have been experimented with 3 variants with 3 repetitions and comparing it with control in Munh-Khairhan sum of Tuv aimag. Our study involved open field and vivarium experiment which both showing similar results, providing local strain G0922 of Metarhizium anisopliae fungi can be effective against harmful grasshopper Eclipophleps bogdanovi sergtarb under field conditions.Journal of agricultural sciences №15 (02): 147-151, 2015
Production competitiveness on regional food markets of Ukraine
Authors: Kiforenko Oksana
Published: September 2015

Competitiveness is the main driving force to the stable prosperity of a country and the increase of its citizens’ welfare. Agriculture is an important part of the economy of any country. The processing industries are a powerful driving force for rural development. The necessary prerequisite to ensure food security of any country is the successful development of the food market. In Ukraine approximately 10 thousand companies are involved in the food production. The food industry is among the leaders in terms of foreign direct investment into the industry of Ukraine. Transnational corporations are actively operating in the field of food production in Ukraine. The agro-industrial complex in general and food industry in particular can guarantee a significant increase in GDP of a country and as a result improve its position in the world markets.Journal of agricultural sciences №15 (02): 166-172, 2015
Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk in Afro-descendants: a study of the Quilombola communities in Maranhão, Brazil
Authors: Barbosa Maria do Carmo Lacerda , Barbosa José Bonifácio , Guerra Luis Felipe Alves , Barbosa Mirza Ferreira Lima , Barbosa Felipe Lacerda , Barbosa Raphael Lacerda , Guida Dayane Lima , Martins Maylla Luanna Barbosa , Bouskela Eliete , Nascimento Maria do Desterro Soares Brandão , Melo Gabriel Sandrin de Oliveira , Castro Mariana Marques da Silva
Published: September 2015

Objetivos: avaliar os fatores de risco cardiovascular associados à dislipidemia em comunidades quilombolas do Maranhão, Brasil. Métodos: um estudo transversal foi realizado no período de fevereiro de 2010 a novembro de 2011 em 202 indivíduos pertencentes às comunidades quilombolas de Codó-MA. Avaliaram-se os fatores de risco associados à dislipidemia e síndrome metabólica (SM). Resultados: o estudo mostrou alta prevalência de dislipidemia (72,28%) e de hipertensão arterial (43,07%). Houve predomínio de hipertrigliceridemia isolada (38,61%) com valores de lipoproteína de alta densidade e lipoproteína de baixa densidade normais na maioria dos indivíduos. A prevalência de síndrome metabólica e o risco cardiovascular estimado foram baixos nesta população. Conclusão: houve grande prevalência de dislipidemia, à custa de triglicerídeos, e hipertensão; entretanto, a frequência de outros fatores de risco para eventos cardiovasculares foi baixa. Uma baixa prevalência de SM e de risco cardiovascular, segundo o escore de Framingham para doenças cardiovasculares, também foi identificada.
Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Development for Ungauged Basins Using Dimensional Analysis
Authors: Patel Jayantilal N. , Thorvat Akshay R.
Published: September 2015

The authors set out to determine average representative unit hydrographs (UHs) for the upper Kumbhi basin and the Dhamani basin in Maharashtra, India, from selected isolated storms. They developed an innovative approach using dimensional analysis techniques to establish an empirical model to determine synthetic UH (SUH) parameters for the upper Kumbhi basin. This method was used to select proper empirical relationships for SUH analysis for the ungauged basins with similar hydrological conditions. Results were then compared with the results obtained by other methods as well as the observed UH. To calibrate and validate the model's performance, the authors next applied the model to the Dhamani basin. Findings indicated that the peak discharge computed using the dimensional analysis technique provided minimum percentage error (–9.272%) and that the shape of the hydrograph matched the observed UH provided by the other methods.
Synthesis of Mannich Bases of 8-Hydroxyquinoline
Authors: Humaira Siddiqi  , Shaheen Faizi  , Shaista Naz  , Erum Zahir
Published: September 2015

In search of new potential therapeutic agents, 8-Hydroxyquinoline which is a highly active antifungal and antibacterial agent was subjected to Mannich reaction. Different combinations of aromatic aldehyde and aromatic amines were used for Mannich reaction on 8-Hydroxyquinoline from which one new 7-[α-(anilino)-3',4'-dimethoxybenzyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline (3) and two known Mannich bases (1,2) were obtained.
Analysis of Climatic Structure with Karachi Dengue Outbreak
Authors: Syed Afrozuddin Ahmed  , Junaid Saghir Siddiqi  , Sabah Quaiser  , Afaq Ahmed Siddiqui
Published: September 2015

Various studies have reported that global warming causes unstable climate and serious impact on physical environment and public health. The increasing incidence of dengue case is now a priority health issue and has become a health burden for Pakistan. In this study it has been investigated that spatial pattern of environment causes the emergence or increasing rate of dengue fever incidence that effects the population and its health. The climatic or environmental and the Dengue Fever (DF) case data was processed by coding, editing, tabulating, recoding and restructuring and finally applying different statistical methods, techniques and procedures for the analysis and interpretation. Five climatic variables which we have studied are precipitation (P), Maximum temperature (Mx), Minimum temperature (Mn), Humidity (H) and Wind speed (W) collected from 1980-2012. The data on Dengue Fever cases in Karachi for the period 2010 to 2012 are available and reported on weekly basis. Principal Component 1 (PC1) for all groups of the period can be interpreted as the General atmospheric condition. PC2 the second important climate factor for dengue period (2010-2012) comes out contrast between precipitation and wind speed. PC3 is the weighted difference between maximum temperature and wind speed. PC4 is the contrast between maximum and wind speed. Negative Binomial and Poisson regression model are used to correlate the dengue fever incidence to climatic variable and principal component (PC) score. Due to the problems of over dispersion the Poisson models are not useful for interpretation through Negative Binomial model we found that relative humidity causes an increase on the chances of dengue occurrence by 1.71% times. While maximum temperature positively influence on the chances dengue occurrence by 19.48% times. Minimum temperature affects on the chances of dengue occurrence by 11.51% times. Wind speed is effecting negatively on the weekly occurrence of dengue fever by 7.41%times.
Does Capital Account Liberalization Affect the Financial Stability: Evidence from China
Authors: Yuanyuan Shen Yuanyuan Shen , Yang Lu
Published: September 2015

This paper seeks to investigate the relationship between capital account liberalization and the financial stability in China. Furthermore, The Finite Distributed Lag Model is employed to quantify relationship between capital account liberalization and monetary crisis. And a general conclusion can be drawn that capital account liberalization is harmful to the stability official market in one year period, while the overall capital account liberalization effect can facilitate China's financial stability in a long run. Moreover, some suggestions are provided on China's capital account liberalization policies.
Percentual de aleitamento materno exclusivo e seu efeito sobre o estado nutricional de pré-escolares
Authors: Freitas Mayanna Machado , Pereyra Beatriz Benny Sungaila , Andrade Maria Eliane de , Valverde Fernanda Guimarães , Andrade Tays Areide dos Santos , Alves Tessy Iracema Pereira , Figueiredo Maria Bernadete Galrão de Almeida , Almeida Enrik Barbosa de , Santos Tatiana Maria Palmeira dos , Mendonça Jussimara de
Published: September 2015

Um importante aumento na prevalência do sobrepeso e da obesidade infantil tem sido demonstrado nas três últimas décadas e estima-se que no mundo cerca de 170 milhões de pessoas com menos de 18 anos têm sobrepeso. Nesse sentido, estudos têm levantado à hipótese de que o aleitamento materno pode ser utilizado como estratégia na prevenção da obesidade na infância e de patologias associadas. Este estudo objetivou identificar a associação entre a duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo e uma possível proteção no desenvolvimento de sobrepeso e obesidade em pré-escolares. Trabalho de caráter transversal, em que 48 crianças de dois a cinco anos de uma instituição de ensino particular, localizada no município de Itabaiana/SE, foram avaliadas quanto ao peso e estatura. Os pais das crianças responderam a um questionário sobre tempo de amamentação. As crianças foram categorizadas em amamentadas exclusivamente e não amamentadas exclusivamente e, posteriormente, tais dados foram relacionados ao estado nutricional. Das 48 crianças estudadas, 6,2% nunca haviam recebido leite materno e 93,8% receberam leite materno. Dentre as crianças que receberam aleitamento materno exclusivo, notou-se uma prevalência de eutrofia (80%) em detrimento do sobrepeso (20%). Foi possível concluir que houve associação significativa entre duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo e a prevenção de sobrepeso e obesidade em pré-escolares, concordando com os dados da literatura.
TRANSFORMACIONES EN EL MERCADO DE TRABAJO DE UNIVERSITARIOS EN AMÉRICA LATINA: LOS IMPULSOS AL INICIO DE LA FIJACIÓN DE SALARIO MÍNIMO PROFESIONAL
Authors: Rama Claudio
Published: September 2015

El artículo presenta la existencia de una nueva dinámica en los mercados de trabajos profesionales, en América Latina, como resultado del aumento de la cobertura y de la eficiência de la graduación de estudiantes. Detalla los diversos impactos del egreso universitario en los distintos mercados profesionales. Entre esos impactos muestra la irrupción de una tendencia a la fijación del salario mínimo profesional. Concibe a los colegios profesionales como actores en esta regulación salarial diferenciada en función de los marcos normativos de cada país en relación a su rol en la regulación del ejercicio profesional. El artículo muestra una alta diferenciación en la regulación por parte de los colegios profesionales en la región y visualiza a la vez el inicio de políticas de carácter nacional de fijación del salario mínimo de los universitarios. Finalmente sostiene que la discusión sobre el salario mínimo profesional será uno de los ejes de los debates académicos y de la política pública en materia de la regulación universitaria.
A urgência de propostas inovadoras para a formação de professores para todos os níveis de ensino
Authors: Moreira Kenski Vani
Published: September 2015

Este artigo trata da necessidade urgente de planejamento e implantação de propostas inovadoras para a formação de professores para todos os níveis de ensino. Considera a importância educacional e social estratégica da formação de bons professores para a Educação Básica, e a necessidade de rever a formação e atuação de professores do Ensino Superior — sobretudo os que atuam em cursos de licenciaturas e de magistério — para adequá-los a novas propostas de formação. Reflete sobre a formação do docente universitário para o uso de redes sociais como possibilidade de maior intercomunicação entre professores e alunos. Discute a ampliação os usos dessas redes para formações transdisciplinares nas universidades: formando redes de professores; integrando participantes de cursos presenciais e a distância e ampliando o círculo de atuação das universidades por meio de redes que alcancem diversos outros segmentos da sociedade.
O mundo virtual e as identidades profissionais: implicações para a formação docente
Authors: Franco Lopes da Silva Ariane
Published: September 2015

Fundamentada na teoria das representações sociais (MOSCOVICI, 2003), a pesquisa analisa representações de professores do Ensino Fundamental sobre sua identidade, prática docente e relação com a gestão escolar. Os sujeitos produziram representações virtuais de professor e de diretor com o por meio de avatares e debateram essas representações. Os dados do instrumento visual e do debate foram tratados pela metodologia de análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 1977). Os resultados revelaram uma relação entre imagem visual e um conjunto de atributos, comportamentos e regras que convencionam identidades profissionais e práticas docentes. O meio visual promoveu reflexões acerca dessas representações, contribuindo para a formação de professores, para a área da educação e da gestão escolar, bem como para a teoria das representações sociais.
As formas da experiência mística: especulativa, mistérica e profética
Authors: Quadros Elton Moreira , De Almeida Jorge Miranda
Published: September 2015

No contexto ocidental, existem três formas de experiência mística: especulativa, mistérica e profética. A forma especulativa consiste num caminho filosófico em que, através do pensamento, procura adentrar o Ser, entendido enquanto mistério, ou seja, constitui uma forma que se fundamenta no conhecimento. Já a forma mistérica tem como base a experiência comunitária das religiões. A mística profética congrega pontos da forma especulativa e da mistérica e tem sua origem no ambiente cristão; buscará unir conhecimento e rito na pretensão de dizer o absoluto abarcando uma dimensão individual e uma dimensão coletiva. Apresentar e refletir sobre essas formas da experiência mística constitui a centralidade deste trabalho, tendo em vista demonstrar a importância da mística para uma compreensão efetiva do conhecimento humano que ultrapassa a pura racionalidade técnico-instrumental.
Presbíteros para as comunidades sem Eucaristia: em busca de propostas concretas e corajosas
Authors: De Almeida Antonio José
Published: September 2015

No Brasil, cerca de 70 mil comunidades católicas não podem celebrar regularmente a Eucaristia por falta de presbíteros. Situação semelhante se dá em todos os continentes, com exceção de algumas regiões da Índia e de alguns países da África. Seria, contudo, possível enfrentar tal desafio nas comunidades que ostentassem ao menos as seguintes características: histórico de ministérios não ordenados, acompanhamento pastoral por parte de presbíteros, formação continuada das lideranças. No interior dessas comunidades, é possível encontrar pessoas, solteiras ou casadas, dispostas a assumir o ministério presbiteral a serviço da comunidade local, desde que esse ministério tivesse um perfil diferente do atual. Ao lado dos presbíteros atuais, o autor propõe um novo tipo de presbítero, eventualmente casado, vivendo de sua profissão, exercendo o ministério part-time, formando equipe com outros ministros ordenados da mesma comunidade, em constante processo de formação.
Sensory Evaluation, Shelflife and Nutritional Composition of Breadnut (Artocarpus camansi) Cookies
Authors: Go Marivel B. , Velos Severina P. , Minyamin Antonieta V. , Bagsit Rosita D. , Pableo Romeo G.
Published: September 2015

Despite its being nutritious and potential uses and food, breadnut (Artocarpus camansi) remains underutilized. This study aimed to develop breadnut products for its extensive use and specifically aimed to determine the acceptability of chocolate cookies formulated from the mixtures of breadnut seed flour and all purpose flour and the shelf life of the most acceptable cookie formulation. The cookies were prepared in different ratios of all purpose flour and breadnut seed flour in percent (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, 100:0) with 100% all purpose flour served as the control. The five formulations were evaluated by the 50 consumers as to color, odor, crispiness, flavor and general acceptability using descriptive 9-point Hedonic scale. And the most acceptable cookies were evaluated for storage quality which was done for six months to determine its shelf life. Results showed that all formulated breadnut cookies were acceptable, scoring 6.5 based on the 9-point hedonic scale. The cookie with 50% BSF was the most acceptable based on general acceptability score. There were no significant (p≤0.05) differences on the sensory properties being tested to the cookies made from BSF up to 75 %.

The formulated cookies has significant amount of nutrients needed by the body. It is safe with guaranteed desirable sensory properties for six months. It is recommended for consumption and commercialization.
Poromechanics of stick‐slip frictional sliding and strength recovery on tectonic faults
Authors: Scuderi Marco M. , Carpenter Brett M. , Johnson Paul A. , Marone Chris
Published: September 2015

Pore fluids influence many aspects of tectonic faulting including frictional strength aseismic creep and effective stress during the seismic cycle. However, the role of pore fluid pressure during earthquake nucleation and dynamic rupture remains poorly understood. Here we report on the evolution of pore fluid pressure and porosity during laboratory stick‐slip events as an analog for the seismic cycle. We sheared layers of simulated fault gouge consisting of glass beads in a double‐direct shear configuration under true triaxial stresses using drained and undrained fluid conditions and effective normal stress of 5–10 MPa. Shear stress was applied via a constant displacement rate, which we varied in velocity step tests from 0.1 to 30 µm/s. We observe net pore pressure increases, or compaction, during dynamic failure and pore pressure decreases, or dilation, during the interseismic period, depending on fluid boundary conditions. In some cases, a brief period of dilation is attendant with the onset of dynamic stick slip. Our data show that time‐dependent strengthening and dynamic stress drop increase with effective normal stress and vary with fluid conditions. For undrained conditions, dilation and preseismic slip are directly related to pore fluid depressurization; they increase with effective normal stress and recurrence time. Microstructural observations confirm the role of water‐activated contact growth and shear‐driven elastoplastic processes at grain junctions. Our results indicate that physicochemical processes acting at grain junctions together with fluid pressure changes dictate stick‐slip stress drop and interseismic creep rates and thus play a key role in earthquake nucleation and rupture propagation.
Projected changes to Tasman Sea eddies in a future climate
Authors: Oliver Eric C. J. , O'Kane Terence J. , Holbrook Neil J.
Published: September 2015

The Tasman Sea is a hot spot of ocean warming, that is linked to the increased poleward influence of the East Australian Current (EAC) over recent decades. Specifically, the EAC produces mesoscale eddies which have significant impacts on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the Tasman Sea. To effectively consider and explain potential eddy changes in the next 50 years, we use high‐resolution dynamically downscaled climate change simulations to characterize the projected future marine climate and mesoscale eddies in the Tasman Sea through the 2060s. We assess changes in the marine climate and the eddy field using bulk statistics and by detecting and tracking individual eddies. We find that the eddy kinetic energy is projected to increase along southeast Australia. In addition, we find that eddies in the projected future climate are composed of a higher proportion of anticyclonic eddies in this region and that these eddies are longer lived and more stable. This amounts to nearly a doubling of eddy‐related southward temperature transport in the upper 200 m of the Tasman Sea. These changes are concurrent with increases in baroclinic and barotropic instabilities focused around the EAC separation point. This poleward transport and increase in eddy activity would be expected to also increase the frequency of sudden warming events, including ocean temperature extremes, with potential impacts on marine fisheries, aquaculture, and biodiversity off Tasmania's east coast, through direct warming or competition/predation from invasive migrating species.
Centimeter‐Sized Quaternary Ti‐Based Bulk Metallic Glasses with High Ti Content of 50 at%
Authors: Zhao Shaofan , Chen Na , Gong Pan , Yao Kefu
Published: September 2015

Using copper mold suction casting, high Ti content alloys of Ti50Zr16Be24Ni10, Ti50Zr20Be20Ni10, and Ti55Zr15Be20Ni10 are fabricated in bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with the critical diameters (Dc) of 10, 6, and 5 mm, respectively. In particular, the Ti50Zr16Be24Ni10 BMG is the first centimeter‐scale high Ti content BMG with Ti concentration as high as 50 at%. In addition, these high Ti content BMGs exhibit high specific strength and apparent plastic strain. Especially, the Ti50Zr16Be24Ni10 BMG exhibits a specific strength of 3.87 × 105 N m kg−1 and a plastic strain of 5.7 ± 0.5%. Our results indicate that a combination of lower Zr and higher Be contents promotes glass formation in the Ti–Zr–Be–Ni alloy system. The developed Ti‐based BMGs with high specific strength provide potentials for engineering applications.
PDZD7 and hearing loss: More than just a modifier
Authors: Booth Kevin T. , Azaiez Hela , Kahrizi Kimia , Simpson Allen C. , Tollefson William T.A. , Sloan Christina M. , Meyer Nicole C. , Babanejad Mojgan , Ardalani Fariba , Arzhangi Sanaz , Schnieders Michael J. , Najmabadi Hossein , Smith Richard J.H.
Published: September 2015

Deafness is the most frequent sensory disorder. With over 90 genes and 110 loci causally implicated in non‐syndromic hearing loss, it is phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous. Here, we investigate the genetic etiology of deafness in four families of Iranian origin segregating autosomal recessive non‐syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL). We used a combination of linkage analysis, homozygosity mapping, and a targeted genomic enrichment platform to simultaneously screen 90 known deafness‐causing genes for pathogenic variants. Variant segregation was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Linkage analysis and homozygosity mapping showed segregation with the DFNB57 locus on chromosome 10 in two families. Targeted genomic enrichment with massively parallel sequencing identified causal variants in PDZD7: a homozygous missense variant (p.Gly103Arg) in one family and compound heterozygosity for missense (p.Met285Arg) and nonsense (p.Tyr500Ter) variants in the second family. Screening of two additional families identified two more variants: (p.Gly228Arg) and (p.Gln526Ter). Variant segregation with the hearing loss phenotype was confirmed in all families by Sanger sequencing. The missense variants are predicted to be deleterious, and the two nonsense mutations produce null alleles. This report is the first to show that mutations in PDZD7 cause ARNSHL, a finding that offers addition insight into the USH2 interactome. We also describe a novel likely disease‐causing mutation in CIB2 and illustrate the complexity associated with gene identification in diseases that exhibit large genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Complex scattering as canonical transformation: A semiclassical approach in Fock space
Authors: Engl Thomas , Urbina Juan Diego , Hummel Quirin , Richter Klaus
Published: September 2015

We show that a theory of com plex scattering between many‐body (Fock) states can be constructed such that its classical limit is a canonical transformation thus encoding quantum interference in the semiclassical form of the associated unitary operator. Based on this idea, we study the different coherent effects expected under different choices of the many‐body states and provide different representations of the associated transition probabilities. In this way, we derive exact relations and representations of the scattering process that can be used to attack timely problems related with Boson Sampling.

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Z‐Selective Hydrothiolation of Racemic 1,3‐Disubstituted Allenes: An Atom‐Economic Rhodium‐Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Pritzius Adrian B. , Breit Bernhard
Published: September 2015

A Z‐selective rhodium‐catalyzed hydrothiolation of 1,3‐disubstituted allenes and subsequent oxidation towards the corresponding allylic sulfones is described. Using the bidentate 1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (dppb) ligand, Z/E‐selectivities up to >99:1 were obtained. The highly atom‐economic desymmetrization reaction tolerates functionalized aromatic and aliphatic thiols. Additionally, a variety of symmetric internal allenes, as well as unsymmetrically disubstituted substrates were well tolerated, thus resulting in high regioselectivities. Starting from chiral but racemic 1,3‐disubstituted allenes a dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) could be achieved by applying (S,S)‐Me‐DuPhos as the chiral ligand. The desired Z‐allylic sulfones were obtained in high yields and enantioselectivities up to 96 % ee.
Shape‐memory behavior of high‐strength amorphous thermoplastic poly(para‐phenylene)
Authors: Collins David A. , Yakacki Christopher M. , Lightbody Daniel , Patel Ravi R. , Frick Carl P.
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the shape‐memory behavior of poly(para‐phenylene) (PPP) under varying programming temperatures, relaxation times, and recovery conditions. PPP is an inherently stiff and strong aromatic thermoplastic, not previously investigated for use as a shape‐memory material. Initial characterization of PPP focused on the storage and relaxation moduli for PPP at various frequencies and temperatures, which were used to develop continuous master curves for PPP using time–temperature superposition (TTS). Shape‐memory testing involved programming PPP samples to 50% tensile strain at temperatures ranging from 155°C to 205°C, with varying relaxation holds times before cooling and storage. Shape‐recovery behavior ranged from nearly complete deformation recovery to poor recovery, depending heavily on the thermal and temporal conditions during programming. Straining for extended relaxation times and elevated temperatures significantly decreased the recoverable deformation in PPP during shape‐memory recovery. However, PPP was shown to have nearly identical full recovery profiles when programmed with decreased and equivalent relaxation times, illustrating the application of TTS in programming of the shape‐memory effect in PPP. The decreased shape recovery at extended relaxation times was attributed to time‐dependent visco‐plastic effects in the polymer becoming significant at longer time‐scales associated with the melt/flow regime of the master curve. Under constrained‐recovery, recoverable deformation in PPP was observed to have an exponentially decreasing relationship to the bias stress. This study demonstrated the effective use of PPP as a shape‐memory polymer (SMP) both in mechanical behavior as well as in application. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 42903.
Stimuli‐responsive molecularly imprinted hybrid polymer gel as a potential system for controlled release
Authors: Güney Orhan , Serin Erdal
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this study is to develop a stimuli‐responsive hybrid polymer gel system with an improved mechanical stability as a controlled drug delivery carrier that can undergo phase transition by the stimulation of ethanol–water mixture. For this aim, trimethoxysilane terminated poly(propylene glycol) by coupling of 3‐isocyanatopropyl‐triethoxysilane with the hydroxyl end groups of poly(propylene glycol) through urethane bonds was synthesized. Hybrid polymer gels prepared in the presence of tryptophan (Trp), as a model of drug, were characterized and gelation time of polymer network was obtained by monitoring the fluorescence emission of Trp in pre‐gel solution. Swelling, solvent uptake and release kinetic of polymer gels were evaluated depending on time. The diffusional exponents (n) and diffusion constants (k) of each gel were calculated by using the swelling kinetic data. The effect of precursors as a monomer on Trp release profile was analyzed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42913.
Fabrication of alumina based electrically conductive polymer composites
Authors: Nadeem QuratulAin , Rizwan Muhammad , Gill Rohama , Rafique Muhammad , Shahid Muhammad
Published: September 2015

Novel electrically conductive composites were synthesized by incorporating Cu coated alumina (Cu‐Al2O3) powder prepared via electroless plating technique as filler (0–21wt %) into polystyrene‐b‐methylmethacrylate (PS‐b‐PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) matrices. XRD analysis depicted maximum Cu crystallite growth (26.116 nm∼ plating time 30 min) onto Al2O3 along with a significant change in XRD patterns of composites with Cu‐Al2O3 inclusion. SEM–EDX analyses exhibited uniform Cu growth onto Al2O3 and confirmed presence of Cu, Al, Pd in Cu‐Al2O3, and C, O, Al, Cu, and Pd in PS‐b‐PMMA and PS composites. Increasing filler loadings exhibited increased electrical conductivity (5.55 × 10−5S/cm for PS‐b‐PMMA; 5.0 × 10−6S/cm for PS) with increased Young's modulus (1122MPa for PS‐b‐PMMA; 1053.9MPa for PS) and tensile strength (27.998MPa for PS‐b‐PMMA; 30.585MPa for PS) and decreased % elongation. TGA demonstrated increased thermal stability and DTG revealed two‐step degradation in composites while DSC depicted pronounced increment in Tg of Cu‐Al2O3/PS‐b‐PMMA with increased filler loading. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42939.