bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El hedor en la Nueva España: sensibilidad olfativa ante el fenómeno de la otredad (siglo xvi)
Authors: Sánchez Téllez Ingrid
Published: October 2024

Objective/Context: This article aims to analyze the olfactory descriptions of blood, the Indigenous, and their idols in sacrificial narratives in four early modern American sources (sixteenth century): Letters of Relation by Hernán Cortés, The Vision of the Defeated by Miguel León Portilla, General History of the Things of New Spain by Bernardino de Sahagún, and the inquisitorial process of the cacique of Texcoco. Methodology: Cultural history as a methodology allows examining the olfactory perception of stench as part of the narration of the body and Indigenous religious rituals during the Conquest. This approach helps to identify the discourses or representations about the Indigenous in the established period and to outline an interpretative matrix that combines the analysis of cultural elements with odorant perceptions. Originality: The study’s relevance lies in analyzing how odor affects the recognition and dominance of the Indigenous society. Odorant perception reveals the plurality of olfactory sensitivities as part of social relations. In this way, we study how the stench or the olfactory disdain toward the Indigenous sacrificial practices described in the chronicles contributed to the moral and sensory classification that justified the inequality between peninsular Spaniards and Indigenous people. Conclusions: Stench and fragrance can be read as control devices that legitimize the violence of the Conquest and the various debates surrounding American bodily aesthetics.
Extreme positive epistasis for fitness in monosomic yeast strains
Authors: Tutaj Hanna , Tomala Katarzyna , Pirog Adrian , Marszałek Marzena , Korona Ryszard
Published: October 2024

The loss of a single chromosome in a diploid organism halves the dosage of many genes and is usually accompanied by a substantial decrease in fitness. We asked whether this decrease simply reflects the joint damage caused by individual gene dosage deficiencies. We measured the fitness effects of single heterozygous gene deletions in yeast and combined them for each chromosome. This predicted a negative growth rate, that is, lethality, for multiple monosomies. However, monosomic strains remained alive and grew as if much (often most) of the damage caused by single mutations had disappeared, revealing an exceptionally large and positive epistatic component of fitness. We looked for functional explanations by analyzing the transcriptomes. There was no evidence of increased (compensatory) gene expression on the monosomic chromosomes. Nor were there signs of the cellular stress response that would be expected if monosomy led to protein destabilization and thus cytotoxicity. Instead, all monosomic strains showed extensive upregulation of genes encoding ribosomal proteins, but in an indiscriminate manner that did not correspond to their altered dosage. This response did not restore the stoichiometry required for efficient biosynthesis, which probably became growth limiting, making all other mutation-induced metabolic defects much less important. In general, the modular structure of the cell leads to an effective fragmentation of the total mutational load. Defects outside the module(s) currently defining fitness lose at least some of their relevance, producing the epiphenomenon of positive interactions between individually negative effects.
Archaic introgression contributed to shape the adaptive modulation of angiogenesis and cardiovascular traits in human high-altitude populations from the Himalayas
Authors: Ferraretti Giulia , Abondio Paolo , Alberti Marta , Dezi Agnese , Sherpa Phurba T , Cocco Paolo , Tiriticco Massimiliano , di Marcello Marco , Gnecchi-Ruscone Guido Alberto , Natali Luca , Corcelli Angela , Marinelli Giorgio , Peluzzi Davide , Sarno Stefania , Sazzini Marco
Published: October 2024

It is well established that several
Homo Sapiens
populations experienced admixture with extinct human species during their evolutionary history. Sometimes, such a gene flow could have played a role in modulating their capability to cope with a variety of selective pressures, thus resulting in archaic adaptive introgression events. A paradigmatic example of this evolutionary mechanism is offered by the
EPAS1
gene, whose most frequent haplotype in Himalayan highlanders was proved to reduce their susceptibility to chronic mountain sickness and to be introduced in the gene pool of their ancestors by admixture with Denisovans. In this study, we aimed at further expanding the investigation of the impact of archaic introgression on more complex adaptive responses to hypobaric hypoxia evolved by populations of Tibetan/Sherpa ancestry, which have been plausibly mediated by soft selective sweeps and/or polygenic adaptations rather than by hard selective sweeps. For this purpose, we used a combination of composite-likelihood and gene network-based methods to detect adaptive loci in introgressed chromosomal segments from Tibetan whole genome sequence data and to shortlist those presenting Denisovan-like derived alleles that participate to the same functional pathways and are absent in populations of African ancestry, which are supposed to do not have experienced Denisovan admixture. According to this approach, we identified multiple genes putatively involved in archaic introgression events and that, especially as regards
TBC1D1
,
RASGRF2
,
PRKAG2
, and
KRAS
, have plausibly contributed to shape the adaptive modulation of angiogenesis and of certain cardiovascular traits in high-altitude Himalayan peoples. These findings provided unprecedented evidence about the complexity of the adaptive phenotype evolved by these human groups to cope with challenges imposed by hypobaric hypoxia, offering new insights into the tangled interplay of genetic determinants that mediates the physiological adjustments crucial for human adaptation to the high-altitude environment.
A influência da liderança ética e da empatia no engajamento da enfermagem
Authors: Sousa Gabriela Ane Lourêdo de , Pauli Jandir , Ruffatto Juliane
Published: October 2024

A literatura científica sugere que a liderança ética é fundamental para a construção de um ambiente de trabalho saudável e que valorize a ética e a integridade. Por sua vez, a empatia é uma habilidade essencial para a comunicação efetiva e para a criação de relações de confiança entre líderes e liderados. Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar a influência da liderança ética e da empatia no engajamento da enfermagem. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de um estudo empírico, de natureza quantitativa, tipo Survey, de corte transversal. As análises evidenciaram que a liderança ética e a empatia contribuem de forma positiva e significativa no engajamento da enfermagem, sendo que a empatia medeia a relação entre liderança ética e o engajamento no trabalho. Como implicação gerencial, observou-se que o estudo contribui para o desenvolvimento de estratégias que promovam a cultura ética e de empatia nas organizações de saúde, favorecendo a retenção de profissionais engajados e a melhoria da qualidade do cuidado prestado aos pacientes.
A Systematic Literature Review of Electronic Money Research
Authors: Kurnia Dandy , Hidayah Nurul , Siringoringo Hotniar
Published: October 2024

The aim of this paper was to review original papers on electronic money adoption. The review was performed by following a systematic literature review whereas Prisma framework and VOSviewer were deployed. The data reviewed was based on the Scopus database published in journals. The keywords provided to the Scopus database system to search for the articles were: "Electronic Money OR E-Money OR Electronic Wallet OR E-Wallet OR Digital Money OR Financial Technology OR Fintech OR Electronic Payment OR Mobile Payment." These 168 original articles included the topic of interest published between 2012 and 2021. The findings show SEM is the most frequently used model validation method. UTAUT, UTAUT 2, extended UTAUT, TAM, and extended TAM are the common model used in describing intention behavior in using e-money.
Effects of Organizational Culture on Risk Management Practices and Outcome in Banking Sector in Nigeria
Authors: A. Amuzat Saadat , A. Sopelola Tolulope
Published: October 2024

This research investigates the relationship between organizational culture and risk management practices and outcome in the Nigerian Banking sector. The research employed a descriptive cross-sectional research approach and collected data through a self-structured digital questionnaire. The data collected from 131 respondents were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. The findings indicate that the cultural elements (Leadership, accountability, effective challenge, and compensation) collectively play a substantial role in influencing how Banks manage and navigate risks. Furthermore, effective challenge encourages employee to voice opinion and challenge existing ideas and contribute positively to the effectiveness of risk management. There is also a positive relationship between employee’s perception of leadership, accountability, effective challenge and compensation on risk management practices and outcome. In conclusion, the study underscores the pivotal role of effective leadership and accountability in fostering a proactive risk management environment, while also emphasizing the positive impact of encouraging diverse perspectives through effective challenge and maintaining fair compensation structures. The robust regression model, explaining a substantial portion of the variance in risk management practices, supports the notion that these organizational culture variables are meaningful indicators of risk management effectiveness.
Optimal Sizing of Output Energy of PV Power Plants under Extreme Climate Conditions: Case of Sudanian Sahel
Authors: SORO Boubacar , DIALLO Amadou , BAZYOMO Serge Dimitri Y. B. , OUEDRAOGO Adama , SALACK Seyni , BATHIEBO Dieudonn´e Joseph , KAM Si´e
Published: October 2024

The present work analyzes the energy production of three 50kWp photovoltaic (PV) power plants which are placed in three climate zones. The Sudano-Sahelian and Sudanian climates have lower average temperatures than the Sahelian environment. The Sudanian climate, next the Sudano-Sahelian zone, and finally the Sahelian region, have the best performance for PV power plants. The performance of silicon PV cells may suffer due to temperature. The Sahelian climatic zone experiences its highest levels of PV output between April and October due to longer sunshine hours and a reduction in sand dust. In the Sudano-Sahelian region, PV output is at its peak between May and October. The best PV generation in the Sudanian environment occurs between June and November. The theoretical forecasting for the various climate zones is consistent with the PV mini-grid real energy output in various situations. The humidity, cloud cover, and rainfall in all climatic zones will make August the worst month for PV energy generation. Due to the type of load compared to the Sudanian climate where the PV power plant is situated in a university, the usage of batteries is crucial in the Sudano-Sahelian climate.
Nutrient Dynamics and Moisture Distribution under Drip Irrigation System
Authors: S. L. Thomas, , J. S. Bindhu, , S. P. Pillai, , R. Beena, , J. Biju, , S. Sarada,
Published: October 2024

A rational nutrient and water use can play a much higher synergic and supplementary effect on plant productivity. Therefore, understanding water and nutrient interaction is of paramount importance for sustainable crop production. Between different methods of irrigation, micro irrigation systems are the most efficient and increasingly adopted worldwide. Drip methods are specifically designed to wet the root zone and to keep root zone at or near an optimum level of soil moisture. Fertigation is the most efficient method of fertilizer application, as it ensures application of the fertilizers directly to the plant roots as per crop demand. Study of the moisture distribution pattern helps in the effective management of drip method. The volume and pattern of soil wetted from a point source basically depends on soil properties, quantity of water, rate of application and irrigation regime. Dynamics of nutrient explains the way of nutrients uptake, retained, translocated and cycled over time and distance in a system. Drip irrigation distributes water and nutrients uniformly when compared to conventional methods. The amount of fertilizer lost through leaching can be as low as 10 per cent in fertigation whereas it is 50 per cent in the traditional system. Research on the distribution of soil moisture and the dynamics of nutrients can therefore guarantee that the right amount of both water and nutrients are accessible at the root zone, meeting the plant’s total and temporal requirement of these two key inputs.
Geo-Hydrobiology and Geoinformatics Mapping of Ethnobotany in the Gandhamardan Hills, Odisha, India
Authors: Mishra Siba Prasad , Bohidar Sushamaraini , Padhi Sonali , Sethi K. C. , Manna Shuvamjeet , Pattnayak Sanjeeb Ku.
Published: October 2024

Objective: The Gandhamardan Hills (GMH)range is a group of small mountains in Peninsular India in Balangir district in Odisha state in India. There is uniqueness in geology, geography, geomorphology, climatology, Hydrology, petrology, and lithology. The lithology, soil, water, geomorphology, and traditional use of plants in Ayurveda (India) have holistic medicinal/surgery. origin.  Geo-hydro-biological amalgamation through Geological Information Systems (GIS) and chemical analysis is still being explored, and the present research emphasises such studies.
Methods: Data about geo-hydro-biology through grapy, geology, geomorphology, hydrology, and traditional medicinal practices are implored from literature sources, using TOPO and  Q-GIS maps and ERDAS software; their analytical interpretations were reported. The chemical analysis was conducted using X-ray fluorescence spectrometric studies of the water and soil of GMH, and the exuberance of ethnobotanical species in GMH was correlated.
Results
Laboratory analysis, literature studies, and interaction with Ayurvedic and Kaviraj practitioners, 154 popular species databases with their pharmacological applications reported for ordinary people.  Many species have multidimensional applications that can transform Ayurveda into Materia medica.
Conclusion: This ethnobotanical study documented the use of plants by the local community. The natural medicinal plants are cheap for the rural communities. The information gathered can be used for further scientific investigation to develop new commercial plant-based medicines as they will be safer than synthetic drugs. SDGs 1 to 3 and 12, 13, and 15 will be satisfied if we can conserve and adequately manage the hub of medicinal plants in GMH.
Promotion of breastfeeding in adoptive mothers: a literature review / Promoção do aleitamento materno em mães adotivas: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Souza Santos Isabella , Santos Claudia , Cristina Alves Pereira Isabella , Mendes Araújo Silva Vivianne , Viana Ribeiro Liana , Garcia Penna Lucia Helena
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: explorar a relactação e translactação em mães adotivas, analisando suas definições, benefícios, desafios e estratégias associadas. Métodos: consiste em uma pesquisa de revisão integrativa. As bases de dados utilizadas foram BVS, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web Of Science, Cochrane e Embase, com os seguintes descritores: “Aleitamento materno”, “Mulheres”, “Lactação” e “Adoção”. Resultados: apesar da escassez de estudos quantitativos, evidenciou-se a eficácia da relactação na promoção da amamentação, proporcionando vínculo afetivo entre a mãe e o filho e que precisa da capacitação dos profissionais. Conclusão: a indução da lactação ainda apresenta desafios na sua estimulação e os profissionais precisam estar preparados para oferecer uma assistência adequada para as mães adotivas.
Bibliometric overview of studies on missed nursing care / Panorama bibliométrico dos estudos sobre cuidados perdidos em enfermagem
Authors: Moreira Maria Adelaide Silva Paredes , Santos Betânia Maria Pereira dos , Souza Josiane Maria Oliveira de , Felisberto Ana Mabel Sulpino , Nepomuceno Adriana Meira Tiburtino , Silva Antonia Lêda Oliveira
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: analisar a literatura sobre cuidados perdidos em enfermagem utilizando técnicas de análise bibliométrica. Metodologia: estudo bibliométrico a partir de artigos publicados na base de dados Scopus entre 2006 e 2024, utilizando termos relacionados a cuidados perdidos de enfermagem. A análise dos dados utilizou os softwares Bibliometrix e VOSviewer. Resultados: os resultados mostraram um aumento significativo na produção científica sobre o tema, com uma taxa d e crescimento anual de 25,06%. A maioria dos documentos são artigos originais, refletindo um foco na apresentação de novos dados. As análises de coautoria e coocorrência de palavras-chave revelaram uma colaboração internacional substancial e a identificação de temas centrais e emergentes. Conclusão: conclui-se que, embora haja um forte embasamento teórico e uma rede de colaboração robusta, ainda existem áreas que necessitam de maior desenvolvimento, particularmente em temas emergentes que podem revitalizar e diversificar o campo de estudo sobre cuidados perdidos em enfermagem.
The relationship between covid-19 phobia and postpartum anxiety experienced by mothers whose infants are hospitalized in NICU
Authors: Şahin Gül , Erbaş Nuriye
Published: October 2024

SOYUT Amaç: Araştırma, pandemi döneminde bebeği yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde tedavi gören annelerin yaşadığı COVİD-19 fobisi ile doğum sonrası kaygı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu çalışma, doğum sonrası dönemde doğumevinde kalan 258 annenin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma verileri Kişisel Bilgi Formu, COVİD-19 Fobi Ölçeği ve Doğum Sonrası Özel Kaygı Ölçeği aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların COVİD-19 Fobi Ölçeği'nden aldıkları puan ortalaması 56,76 olup, katılımcıların %61,6'sının doğum sonrası kaygı düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu belirlendi. Doğum sonrası spesifik kaygı düzeyleri ile COVİD-19 Fobi Ölçeği'nin psikolojik ve sosyal alt ölçekleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı, pozitif ve orta düzeyde bir ilişki bulunurken (p<0,01), bedensel ve ekonomik alt ölçekler ile ise pozitif ve zayıf bir ilişki belirlendi (p<0,01). ) Sonuç: Koronofobinin doğum sonrası kaygı ile ilişkili olduğu belirlendi. Pandemi döneminde lohusalık ruh sağlığı da değerlendirilmelidir ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Doğum sonu; Doğum Sonrası Kaygı; COVİD-19 Fobisi; Pandemi
Low‐Altitude Emission of Energetic Neutral Atoms: Multiple Interactions and Energy Loss
Authors: LLera K. , Goldstein J. , McComas D. J. , Valek P. W.
Published: October 2017

Low‐altitude emissions (LAEs) are the energetic neutral atom (ENA) signature of ring current ions precipitating along the magnetic field to an altitude of 200–800 km. This altitude region is considered to be “optically thick” because ring current ions undergo multiple charge changing interactions (MCCIs) with Earth's dense oxygen exosphere. While each interaction involves an energy loss of ~36 eV, no prior study has determined the accumulated energy lost by 1–100 keV H+ emerging as LAEs. We have developed a 2‐D model with a geomagnetic dipole that captures the net effects in energy loss and pitch angle evolution as a result of MCCIs without the computational requirements of a full Monte Carlo simulation. Dependent on the amount of latitudinal migration, the energy loss is greater than 20% for ions below 60 keV for equatorward moving particles (30 keV for poleward). Since the ENA travels ballistically across a geomagnetic dipole, upon reionization, ion velocity along the local field increases (antiparallel in the northern hemisphere). Redirecting the particle upward through MCCIs is most effective during poleward ENA motion. The net effect is to redirect precipitating ions (below 2,500 km) to eventually emerge from the optically thick region either as an ion or ENA. Precipitation is a joint ion‐neutral process, affecting both the energy and pitch angle distribution through the transverse motion of ENA segments in a converging field. For particles that enter the MCCI regime, the energy loss and evolution of the pitch angle distribution must be considered within a realistic magnetic field.
TanDEM‐X Time Series Analysis Reveals Lava Flow Volume and Effusion Rates of the 2012–2013 Tolbachik, Kamchatka Fissure Eruption
Authors: Kubanek Julia , Westerhaus Malte , Heck Bernhard
Published: October 2017

Assessing eruption volumes is one of the major challenges in volcano research but provides valuable insights into the dynamics of an eruption and the associated hazard. One way to estimate this important parameter is the generation and differencing of digital elevation models (DEMs) acquired before, during, and after an eruption. The satellite mission TanDEM‐X enables generation of time series of DEMs using synthetic aperture radar satellite imagery. We use these data to study the 2012–2013 eruption of Tolbachik in Kamchatka. We developed a processing scheme for generation of 18 DEMs from TanDEM‐X imagery that relies on the generation of a preeruption DEM which is used to process the syneruption and posteruption data pairs. Differencing each DEM with the preeruption DEM enables mapping the lava flows and measuring lava flow volume over time and to estimate lava extrusion rates. We find a final lava flow volume of 0.53 km3 covering an area of 36 km2 by the end of the eruption. An uncertainty analysis is performed while analyzing the DEM differences in areas where no topographic change is expected, leading to an error of ±0.01 km3 for the final lava flow volume. The lava effusion was with 247.92 m3/s very high in the first days of the eruption and rapidly decayed toward its end. While many basaltic eruptions follow an exponentially decaying flow model, the extrusion rates at Tolbachik are more compatible with a 1/t model. This special characteristic might be useful to gain further insight into the eruption process at Tolbachik.
Dynamics of Surface Deformation Induced by Dikes and Cone Sheets in a Cohesive Coulomb Brittle Crust
Authors: Guldstrand F. , Burchardt S. , Hallot E. , Galland O.
Published: October 2017

The analysis of surface deformation associated with intruding magma has become an established method to study subsurface processes and intrusion architecture. Active subsurface magmatism induces deformation that is commonly modeled using static elastic models. To what extent, Coulomb failure of the crust affects surface deformation remains, so far, largely unexplored. In this contribution we present quantitative laboratory results of surface deformation induced by the emplacement of simulated dikes and cone sheets in a cohesive Coulomb material. The analysis of the experimental surface deformation shows that these intrusion types produce distinct and characteristic surface deformation signatures, which reflect the evolution of the intrusion at depth. Generally, dikes show a two‐phase evolution while cone sheets develop gradually. In comparison, cone sheets induce larger uplifted areas and volumes than dikes relative to the depth of the injection source. Dike formation is, in turn, is likely accommodated, to a larger degree than cone sheets, by lateral opening of the host consistent with our current understanding of dike emplacement mechanics. Notably, only surface uplifts develop above the experimental dikes, consistent with aviscous indenterpropagation mechanism, that is, a dike pushing ahead. The measured surface deformation patterns associated with dikes starkly contrast with established static, elastic models that predict local subsidence above the tip of a dike. This suggests that Coulomb failure of crustal rocks may considerably affect surface deformation induced by propagating igneous intrusions. This is especially relevant when a relatively high viscosity magma intrudes a weak host, such as unconsolidated sedimentary and volcaniclastic rocks.
On the Influence of Air Mass Origin on Low‐Cloud Properties in the Southeast Atlantic
Authors: Fuchs Julia , Cermak Jan , Andersen Hendrik , Hollmann Rainer , Schwarz Katharina
Published: October 2017

This study investigates the impact of air mass origin and dynamics on cloud property changes in the Southeast Atlantic (SEA) during the biomass burning season. The understanding of clouds and their determinants at different scales is important for constraining the Earth's radiative budget and thus prominent in climate system research. In this study, the thermodynamically stable SEA stratocumulus cover is observed not only as the result of local environmental conditions but also as connected to large‐scale meteorology by the often neglected but important role of spatial origins of air masses entering this region. In order to assess to what extent cloud properties are impacted by aerosol concentration, air mass history, and meteorology, a Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory cluster analysis is conducted linking satellite observations of cloud properties (Spinning‐Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager), information on aerosol species (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate), and meteorological context (ERA‐Interim reanalysis) to air mass clusters. It is found that a characteristic pattern of air mass origins connected to distinct synoptical conditions leads to marked cloud property changes in the southern part of the study area. Long‐distance air masses are related to midlatitude weather disturbances that affect the cloud microphysics, especially in the southwestern subdomain of the study area. Changes in cloud effective radius are consistent with a boundary layer deepening and changes in lower tropospheric stability (LTS). In the southeastern subdomain cloud cover is controlled by a generally higher LTS, while air mass origin plays a minor role. This study leads to a better understanding of the dynamical drivers behind observed stratocumulus cloud properties in the SEA and frames potentially interesting conditions for aerosol‐cloud interactions.
Vertical Resolution Refinement in an Aqua‐Planet and Its Effect on the ITCZ
Authors: Retsch M. H. , Hohenegger C. , Stevens B.
Published: October 2017

The General Circulation Model ECHAM is used to study the effects of three refined vertical resolutions on convection in the tropics and on the structure of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Additional vertical resolutions have 76, 134, or 192 levels, which is over four times the default resolution of 47 levels. New levels are placed in the troposphere only. The simulations are conducted on an aqua‐planet with equator symmetrical, time and zonal independent sea surface temperature, and without a yearly solar cycle. Whereas the default vertical resolution shows a double ITCZ, refining the vertical resolution yields an equatorward shift of the ITCZ. The ITCZ converges to its equatorial position with 134 levels. The sensitivity of the ITCZ to the vertical resolution is traced back first and foremost to the mixing formulation in the convection scheme. Here a higher number of vertical levels leads to a stronger mixing between the updraft and its environment by design, which favors an equatorward position of the ITCZ. Differences in the relative humidity profiles explain the remaining differences in the ITCZ location. These differences can mostly be eliminated by making clouds transparent.
A Heuristic Parameterization for the Integrated Vertical Overlap of Cumulus and Stratus
Authors: Park Sungsu
Published: October 2017

The author developed a heuristic parameterization to handle the contrasting vertical overlap structures of cumulus and stratus in an integrated way. The parameterization assumes that cumulus is maximum‐randomly overlapped with adjacent cumulus; stratus is maximum‐randomly overlapped with adjacent stratus; and radiation and precipitation areas at each model interface are grouped into four categories, that is, convective, stratiform, mixed, and clear areas. For simplicity, thermodynamic scalars within individual portions of cloud, radiation, and precipitation areas are assumed to be internally homogeneous. The parameterization was implemented into the Seoul National University Atmosphere Model version 0 (SAM0) in an offline mode and tested over the globe. The offline control simulation reasonably reproduces the online surface precipitation flux and longwave cloud radiative forcing (LWCF). Although the cumulus fraction is much smaller than the stratus fraction, cumulus dominantly contributes to precipitation production in the tropics. For radiation, however, stratus is dominant. Compared with the maximum overlap, the random overlap of stratus produces stronger LWCF and, surprisingly, more precipitation flux due to less evaporation of convective precipitation. Compared with the maximum overlap, the random overlap of cumulus simulates stronger LWCF and weaker precipitation flux. Compared with the control simulation with separate cumulus and stratus, the simulation with a single‐merged cloud substantially enhances the LWCF in the tropical deep convection and midlatitude storm track regions. The process‐splitting treatment of convective and stratiform precipitation with an independent precipitation approximation (IPA) simulates weaker surface precipitation flux than the control simulation in the tropical region.
Architecture of the Distal Piedmont‐Ligurian Rifted Margin in NW Italy: Hints for a Flip of the Rift System Polarity
Authors: Decarlis Alessandro , Beltrando Marco , Manatschal Gianreto , Ferrando Simona , Carosi Rodolfo
Published: October 2017

The Alpine Tethys rifted margins were generated by a Mesozoic polyphase magma‐poor rifting leading to the opening of the Piedmont‐Ligurian “Ocean.” This latter developed through different phases of rifting that terminated with the exhumation of subcontinental mantle along an extensional detachment system. At the onset of simple shear detachment faulting, two margin types were generated: an upper and a lower plate corresponding to the hanging wall and footwall of the final detachment system, respectively. The two margin architectures were markedly different and characterized by a specific asymmetry. In this study the detailed analysis of the Adriatic margin, exposed in the Serie dei Laghi, Ivrea‐Verbano, and Canavese Zone, enabled to recognize the diagnostic elements of an upper plate rifted margin. This thesis contrasts with the classic interpretation of the Southalpine units, previously compared with the adjacent fossil margin preserved in the Austroalpine nappes and considered as part of a lower plate. The proposed scenario suggests the segmentation and flip of the Alpine rifting system along strike and the passage from a lower to an upper plate. Following this interpretation, the European and Southern Adria margins are coevally developed upper plate margins, respectively resting NE and SW of a major transform zone that accommodates a flip in the polarity of the rift system. This new explanation has important implications for the study of the pre‐Alpine rift‐related structures, for the comprehension of their role during the reactivation of the margin and for the paleogeographic evolution of the Alpine orogen.
NMDAR encephalitis: passive transfer from man to mouse by a recombinant antibody
Authors: Malviya Manish , Barman Sumanta , Golombeck Kristin S. , Planagumà Jesús , Mannara Francesco , Strutz‐Seebohm Nathalie , Wrzos Claudia , Demir Fatih , Baksmeier Christine , Steckel Julia , Falk Kim Kristin , Gross Catharina C. , Kovac Stjepana , Bönte Kathrin , Johnen Andreas , Wandinger Klaus‐Peter , Martín‐García Elena , Becker Albert J. , Elger Christian E. , Klöcker Nikolaj , Wiendl Heinz , Meuth Sven G. , Hartung Hans‐Peter , Seebohm Guiscard , Leypoldt Frank , Maldonado Rafael , Stadelmann Christine , Dalmau Josep , Melzer Nico , Goebels Norbert
Published: October 2017

Objective

Autoimmune encephalitis is most frequently associated with anti‐NMDAR autoantibodies. Their pathogenic relevance has been suggested by passive transfer of patients' cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in mice in vivo. We aimed to analyze the intrathecal plasma cell repertoire, identify autoantibody‐producing clones, and characterize their antibody signatures in recombinant form.

Methods

Patients with recent onset typical anti‐NMDAR encephalitis were subjected to flow cytometry analysis of the peripheral and intrathecal immune response before, during, and after immunotherapy. Recombinant human monoclonal antibodies (rhuMab) were cloned and expressed from matching immunoglobulin heavy‐ (IgH) and light‐chain (IgL) amplicons of clonally expanded intrathecal plasma cells (cePc) and tested for their pathogenic relevance.

Results

Intrathecal accumulation of B and plasma cells corresponded to the clinical course. The presence of cePc with hypermutated antigen receptors indicated an antigen‐driven intrathecal immune response. Consistently, a single recombinant human GluN1‐specific monoclonal antibody, rebuilt from intrathecal cePc, was sufficient to reproduce NMDAR epitope specificity in vitro. After intraventricular infusion in mice, it accumulated in the hippocampus, decreased synaptic NMDAR density, and caused severe reversible memory impairment, a key pathogenic feature of the human disease, in vivo.

Interpretation

A CNS‐specific humoral immune response is present in anti‐NMDAR encephalitis specifically targeting the GluN1 subunit of the NMDAR. Using reverse genetics, we recovered the typical intrathecal antibody signature in recombinant form, and proved its pathogenic relevance by passive transfer of disease symptoms from man to mouse, providing the critical link between intrathecal immune response and the pathogenesis of anti‐NMDAR encephalitis as a humorally mediated autoimmune disease.
Extreme Two‐Phase Cooling from Laser‐Etched Diamond and Conformal, Template‐Fabricated Microporous Copper
Authors: Palko James W. , Lee Hyoungsoon , Zhang Chi , Dusseault Tom J. , Maitra Tanmoy , Won Yoonjin , Agonafer Damena D. , Moss Jess , Houshmand Farzad , Rong Guoguang , Wilbur Joshua D. , Rockosi Derrick , Mykyta Ihor , Resler Dan , Altman David , Asheghi Mehdi , Santiago Juan G. , Goodson Kenneth E.
Published: October 2017

This paper reports the first integration of laser‐etched polycrystalline diamond microchannels with template‐fabricated microporous copper for extreme convective boiling in a composite heat sink for power electronics and energy conversion. Diamond offers the highest thermal conductivity near room temperature, and enables aggressive heat spreading along triangular channel walls with 1:1 aspect ratio. Conformally coated porous copper with thickness 25 µm and 5 µm pore size optimizes fluid and heat transport for convective boiling within the diamond channels. Data reported here include 1280 W cm−2 of heat removal from 0.7 cm2 surface area with temperature rise beyond fluid saturation less than 21 K, corresponding to 6.3 × 105 W m−2 K−1. This heat sink has the potential to dissipate much larger localized heat loads with small temperature nonuniformity (5 kW cm−2 over 200 µm × 200 µm with <3 K temperature difference). A microfluidic manifold assures uniform distribution of liquid over the heat sink surface with negligible pumping power requirements (e.g., <1.4 × 10−4 of the thermal power dissipated). This breakthrough integration of functional materials and the resulting experimental data set a very high bar for microfluidic heat removal.
Theranostic Prodrug Vesicles for Reactive Oxygen Species‐Triggered Ultrafast Drug Release and Local‐Regional Therapy of Metastatic Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhou Fangyuan , Feng Bing , Wang Tingting , Wang Dangge , Cui Zhirui , Wang Siling , Ding Chunyong , Zhang Zhiwen , Liu Jian , Yu Haijun , Li Yaping
Published: October 2017

A reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐activatable doxorubicin (Dox) prodrug vesicle (RADV) is presented for image‐guided ultrafast drug release and local‐regional therapy of the metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). RADV is prepared by integrating a ROS‐activatable Dox prodrug, a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐modified photosensitizer pyropheophorbide‐a, an unsaturated phospholipid 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine, and cholesterol into one single nanoplatform. RADV is of extremely high drug loading ratio (27.5 wt%) by self‐assembly of the phospholipid‐mimic Dox prodrug into the liposomal bilayer membrane. RADV displays good colloidal stability to prevent premature drug leakage during the blood circulation and inert photochemotoxicity to avoid nonspecific side effect. RADV passively accumulates at tumor site through the enhanced permeability and retention effect when administrated systemically. Once deposited at the tumor site, RADV generates fluorescent and photoacoustic signals to guide near‐infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, which can induce localized ROS generation, not only to trigger prodrug activation and ultrafast drug release but also conduct photodynamic therapy in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. In combination with NIR laser irradiation, RADV efficiently inhibits the tumor growth and distant metastasis of TNBC. Local‐regional tumor therapy using intelligent theranostic nanomedicine might provide an alternative option for highly efficient treatment of the metastatic TNBC.
Programmable Hydrogels for Cell Encapsulation and Neo‐Tissue Growth to Enable Personalized Tissue Engineering
Authors: Bryant Stephanie J. , Vernerey Franck J.
Published: October 2017

Biomimetic and biodegradable synthetic hydrogels are emerging as a promising platform for cell encapsulation and tissue engineering. Notably, synthetic‐based hydrogels offer highly programmable macroscopic properties (e.g., mechanical, swelling and transport properties) and degradation profiles through control over several tunable parameters (e.g., the initial network structure, degradation kinetics and behavior, and polymer properties). One component to success is the ability to maintain structural integrity as the hydrogel transitions to neo‐tissue. This seamless transition is complicated by the fact that cellular activity is highly variable among donors. Thus, computational models provide an important tool in tissue engineering due to their unique ability to explore the coupled processes of hydrogel degradation and neo‐tissue growth across multiple length scales. In addition, such models provide new opportunities to develop predictive computational tools to overcome the challenges with designing hydrogels for different donors. In this report, programmable properties of synthetic‐based hydrogels and their relation to the hydrogel's structural properties and their evolution with degradation are reviewed. This is followed by recent progress on the development of computational models that describe hydrogel degradation with neo‐tissue growth when cells are encapsulated in a hydrogel. Finally, the potential for predictive models to enable patient‐specific hydrogel designs for personalized tissue engineering is discussed.
Unraveling the Solution‐State Supramolecular Structures of Donor–Acceptor Polymers and their Influence on Solid‐State Morphology and Charge‐Transport Properties
Authors: Zheng Yu‐Qing , Yao Ze‐Fan , Lei Ting , Dou Jin‐Hu , Yang Chi‐Yuan , Zou Lin , Meng Xiangyi , Ma Wei , Wang Jie‐Yu , Pei Jian
Published: October 2017

Polymer self‐assembly in solution prior to film fabrication makes solution‐state structures critical for their solid‐state packing and optoelectronic properties. However, unraveling the solution‐state supramolecular structures is challenging, not to mention establishing a clear relationship between the solution‐state structure and the charge‐transport properties in field‐effect transistors. Here, for the first time, it is revealed that the thin‐film morphology of a conjugated polymer inherits the features of its solution‐state supramolecular structures. A “solution‐state supramolecular structure control” strategy is proposed to increase the electron mobility of a benzodifurandione‐based oligo(p‐phenylene vinylene) (BDOPV)‐based polymer. It is shown that the solution‐state structures of the BDOPV‐based conjugated polymer can be tuned such that it forms a 1D rod‐like structure in good solvent and a 2D lamellar structure in poor solvent. By tuning the solution‐state structure, films with high crystallinity and good interdomain connectivity are obtained. The electron mobility significantly increases from the original value of 1.8 to 3.2 cm2 V−1 s−1. This work demonstrates that “solution‐state supramolecular structure” control is critical for understanding and optimization of the thin‐film morphology and charge‐transport properties of conjugated polymers.
Surface‐Embedded Stretchable Electrodes by Direct Printing and their Uses to Fabricate Ultrathin Vibration Sensors and Circuits for 3D Structures
Authors: Song Jun Hyuk , Kim Young‐Tae , Cho Sunghwan , Song Woo‐Jin , Moon Sungmin , Park Chan‐Gyung , Park Soojin , Myoung Jae Min , Jeong Unyong
Published: October 2017

Printing is one of the easy and quick ways to make a stretchable wearable electronics. Conventional printing methods deposit conductive materials “on” or “inside” a rubber substrate. The conductors made by such printing methods cannot be used as device electrodes because of the large surface topology, poor stretchability, or weak adhesion between the substrate and the conducting material. Here, a method is presented by which conductive materials are printed in the way of being surface‐embedded in the rubber substrate; hence, the conductors can be widely used as device electrodes and circuits. The printing process involves a direct printing of a metal precursor solution in a block‐copolymer rubber substrate and chemical reduction of the precursor into metal nanoparticles. The electrical conductivity and sensitivity to the mechanical deformation can be controlled by adjusting the number of printing operations. The fabrication of highly sensitive vibration sensors is thus presented, which can detect weak pulses and sound waves. In addition, this work takes advantage of the viscoelasticity of the composite conductor to fabricate highly conductive stretchable circuits for complicated 3D structures. The printed electrodes are also used to fabricate a stretchable electrochemiluminescence display.
AIE Nanoparticles with High Stimulated Emission Depletion Efficiency and Photobleaching Resistance for Long‐Term Super‐Resolution Bioimaging
Authors: Li Dongyu , Qin Wei , Xu Bin , Qian Jun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: October 2017

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy is a typical super‐resolution imaging technique that has become a powerful tool for visualizing intracellular structures on the nanometer scale. Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) luminogens are ideal fluorescent agents for bioimaging. Herein, long‐term super‐resolution fluorescence imaging of cancer cells, based on STED nanoscopy assisted by AIE nanoparticles (NPs) is realized. 2,3‐Bis(4‐(phenyl(4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)phenyl)amino)phenyl) fumaronitrile (TTF), a typical AIE luminogen, is doped into colloidal mesoporous silica to form fluorescent NPs. TTF@SiO2 NPs bear three significant features, which are all essential for STED nanoscopy. First, their STED efficiency can reach more than 60%. Second, they are highly resistant to photobleaching, even under long‐term and high‐power STED light irradiation. Third, they have a large Stokes' shift of ≈150 nm, which is beneficial for restraining the fluorescence background induced by the STED light irradiation. STED nanoscopy imaging of TTF@SiO2‐NPs‐stained HeLa cells is performed, exhibiting a high lateral spatial resolution of 30 nm. More importantly, long‐term (more than half an hour) super‐resolution cell imaging is achieved with low fluorescence loss. Considering that AIE luminogens are widely used for organelle targeting, cellular mapping, and tracing, AIE‐NPs‐based STED nanoscopy holds great potential for many basic biomedical studies that require super‐resolution and long‐term imaging.
Optically Controlled Magnetization and Magnetoelectric Effect in Organic Multiferroic Heterojunction
Authors: Wei Mengmeng , Niu Mengsi , Bi Pengqing , Hao Xiaotao , Ren Shenqiang , Xie Shijie , Qin Wei
Published: October 2017

The organic multiferroic effect receives increasing attention in organic electronics. Recently, the renaissance of organic multiferroics has yielded in a deep understanding of organic magnetism and magnetoelectric coupling. Here, through fabricating polythiophene nanowire/CH3NH3PbBr3 multiferroic heterojunction, the origin of organic magnetism, optically controlled magnetization, and magnetoelectric coupling with optical approach is studied. Specifically, the optical approach utilizes double beam 355 and 607 nm excitations to separately operate the CH3NH3PbBr3 and polythiophene nanowire layers. This double‐beam‐light approach allows to elucidate the effects of photogenerated charges on organic magnetism and magnetoelectric coupling effect. It is found that magnetization and magnetoelectric coupling of polythiophene nanowire/CH3NH3PbBr3 heterojunction can be effectively tuned through the photoexcitation of CH3NH3PbBr3, rather than photoexcitation of polythiophene nanowire phase, which has been further confirmed by electron spin resonance. Furthermore, the dominated factors are discussed to reveal room‐temperature magnetization in organics. This work provides a strategy for optically controlled organic magnetism and magnetoelectric effect in charge transfer heterojunction.
Polymeric P–N Heterointerface for Solution‐Processed Integrated Organic Optoelectronic Systems
Authors: Kim Jihong , Khim Dongyoon , Yeo Jun‐Seok , Kang Minji , Baeg Kang‐Jun , Kim Dong‐Yu
Published: October 2017

Conventionally, P–N junctions have played an important role as a key unit in most semiconductor electronic devices. P–N junctions based on organic semiconductors have also been researched widely, but it is difficult to develop solution‐processing‐based organic semiconductor P–N junctions because of their similar solubility in common organic solvents. For this reason, most organic planar heterojunctions have been based on deposition by thermal evaporation or transfer film via additional complicated processing. In this study, using p‐type and n‐type conjugated polymers with selection of their orthogonal solvents, a conjugated polymer bilayer P–N heterojunction structure is developed via simple solution processing. The developed structure is then used in novel organic electronic applications, such as organic rectifier diodes, organic field‐effect transistors with highly balanced ambipolar charge transport properties, integrated circuits, and even organic phototransistors that display a photoresponse from the visible to the near‐infrared (NIR) range with the generation of a photocurrent at the P–N heterointerface in the channel region. The polymeric P–N junction structure can be applied in various organic electronic devices via a simple printing process, which can contribute to the development of new functionalized organic electronics systems.