bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The category of contract in Times of War and Peacetime
Authors: Kharytonov Yevhen , Kharytonova Olena
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of issues related to the significance of civil contracts in wartime. The relevant issues are considered in the context of ensuring civil law and order in Ukraine and in the world, which was violated by the annexation of Crimea and the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russian troops on 24 February 2022. The author emphasises the importance of adapting the category of civil law contract, as one of the most important institutions of a democratic society, to the conditions of war (martial law), while ensuring that the private law nature of such contracts is preserved with regard for the public interest.It is noted that civil contracts may be considered in different meanings, among which the most important are the understanding of civil contracts as a form of civil legislation and as the basis for civil rights and duties. Firstly, a contract is a form of civil law which allows bridging the gaps in civil legislation. Secondly, a contract as an agreement aimed at establishing, changing or terminating civil rights and duties is the basis for the emergence of civil legal relations, and thus, it directly regulates the conduct of the parties, determines the rights and duties of participants to social relations.From this point of view, the distinction between private and public contracts provided for in Article 633 of the Civil Code of Ukraine is of great importance. This provision stipulates that a public contract is a contract in which one party – an entrepreneur – has undertaken to sell, perform work or provide services to anyone who applies to him. The public contracting regime is an exception to the general rule, it is opposite to the regime of «freedom of contractors», which most fully expresses the private property principles that form the basis of civil law.As for the principles of contractual regulation in times of war (martial law), the most important novelty here should be a pragmatic interpretation of the principle of freedom of contract, which is one of the principles of civil law. It is proposed to amend the third paragraph of part one of Article 3 of the Civil Code of Ukraine «General Principles», by setting it out the following words: «under martial law, the principle of freedom of contract is implemented if it does not contradict the interests of society and does not threaten the defensive capability of the state».
On the controversy of the legal nature of the contract, the fact of its conclusion or validity
Authors: Spasybo-Fateyeva Inna
Published: November 2024

The article focuses on some peculiarities of contracts regulating relations on the borderline with public relations, in particular, with the participation of public authorities, which result in payment of taxes and the impact of this on the property status of a party to the contract. For example, a civil contract may stipulate rights and obligations under public law, in particular, with respect to the payment of taxes. There may also be an interconnected relationship when a civil contractual obligation is followed by a tax obligation, for the breach of which the contract provides for civil liability. The author emphasizes the difference between civil and administrative contracts.The requirements to the form of a civil contract require the signature of its parties. Accordingly, in the absence of a signature in the contract or if the contract is signed by a person other than a party to the contract, it will be unsigned, which raises the question of its invalidity or non-completion. Such consequences may have a negative impact on civil turnover. Therefore, the way to preserve the validity of the contract and to have a negative impact on the violator is to use the approach of inadmissibility of using the invalidity of the transaction contrary to the principle of good faith. The parties to a contract have the right to recognize the relationship between them from any time prior to the conclusion of the contract. By doing so, they give the agreement retroactive effect. While this provision does not cause problems for the parties to the contract, it may have a negative impact on other persons whose rights and obligations may depend on the rights and obligations of the parties to the contract. It can also be predicted that this will affect not only third parties, but also the public obligations of the parties to the contract, in particular in the area of taxation. Such «hidden» relations for third parties, which may not have actually existed, will contribute to the destruction of legal relations, making it difficult to determine when and between whom they actually arose. Therefore, in such cases, we should proceed from the abuse of law.
Contracts in housing law: features and system
Authors: Avramova Olha
Published: November 2024

The article aims to identify the characteristics and system of contracts within housing law. The need for investigating this topic arises from both scientific and practical necessities. In practice, there have been instances of abuse of housing rights. Simultaneously, contractual regulation serves as a mechanism to address these adverse manifestations of subjective rights. In the realm of academic research, there have been sporadic examinations of the legal nature and classification of contracts in housing law, highlighting the relevance of the article’s theme. The objective of this article is to elucidate the specific features and system of contracts in housing law. Contracts in housing law exhibit the following characteristics: they combine dispositive and imperative principles and norms; their normative-legal regulation is based on the provisions of civil and housing legislation; they are aimed at satisfying housing needs. It is emphasized that the parties to a housing-law contract, in cases established by law, lack: freedom of choice, independence, autonomy. These dispositive principles are constrained by the requirements of safety, sufficiency/adequacy of housing. The basis for housing safety is its compliance with technical and sanitary norms. Practically all contracts in housing law are concluded in written form. In Ukraine, standard conditions are established regarding individual housing contracts. The system of contracts in housing law represents a complex internal structure of contracts concerning housing, satisfying housing needs based on their hierarchical division into types, kinds, and varieties, reflecting their differentiation and interrelation. It is concluded that contracts in housing law can be divided depending on the following criteria: stage/order of establishing contract conditions, subject matter, cost, form, by purpose (legal consequence), type of housing need, the existence of requirements for standardization. Depending on the type of housing need, they can be divided into: 1) contracts aimed at satisfying primary housing needs (acquisition of housing rights); 2) contracts aimed at ensuring adequate living conditions in housing (satisfying derivative housing needs, including contracts for the consumption of housing and communal services, repair, housing insurance, etc.).
Conclusion of civil contracts using information and communication systems
Authors: Karmaza Oleksandra
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the legislative regulation of contractual relations using information and communication systems. The author’s classification of contracts, the subject of which is a digital thing or digital services, is proposed. The norms of the laws of Ukraine «On electronic commerce», «On digital content and digital services» in the part of concluding contracts with the use of information and communication systems were studied. It has been proven that the provision on the civil contract permeates both the sphere of private relations and the sphere of public relations, which are regulated by the norms of national legislation. The author’s analysis of the features of an electronic contract, a smart contract (smart agreements, smart contracts) as a type of civil contract is provided. It is proposed to legislatively determine the general principles of concluding, acting and terminating smart contracts (agreements) using blockchain technologies, taking into account the development of market relations and international experience. The general provisions of the draft Law on Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act, AI Act), which is being discussed by the member states of the European Union, in terms of the regulation of contractual relations with the help of artificial intelligence systems, have been analyzed. The methodological basis of the research is the philosophical and legal basis of knowledge of social phenomena, in particular those related to the protection and protection of the rights of individuals in contractual law. In particular, dialectical, systemic-structural, normative-logical, sociological, comparative-legal methods of cognition are applied. Based on the results of the research, it is proposed to improve the norms of the civil legislation of Ukraine. The results of the research can be used in further scientific articles, in the educational process, as well as by the subjects of the legislative initiative.
Criminal offenses in the field of economic activity related to information circulation in the Draft of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine
Authors: Solodzhuk Vitaliy
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the Draft of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine in terms of establishing criminal liability for offenses in the field of economic activity related to information circulation. Certain criminal offenses in the sphere of economic activity related to information circulation, which are currently provided for in the current Criminal Code of Ukraine, have generally found their place in the Draft of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine, but have been more clearly defined or differentiated depending on the amount of damage caused. The relevant criminal offenses are contained in Book 6 “Economic Criminal Offenses”, in sections 6.3 “Financial criminal offenses” and 6.4 “Criminal offenses against business practices”. These include: 1) financial crimes related to the circulation of information – credit fraud; use of insider information; insider information disclosure; concealment of information about the issuer’s activity; 2) financial minor offenses – insider information disclosure; improper notification of transactions being subject to financial monitoring; disclosure of financial monitoring secrecy; 3) minor offenses against business practices – illegal handling of trade and banking secrecy; fictitious bankruptcy.
Challenges in Managing Public Library Services Aimed at Ensuring the Well-being of Society in the Context of Emergency Situations
Authors: Šaparnienė Diana , Kulikauskienė Kristina , Aleksandravičiūtė Neringa , Miežinienė Virginija
Published: November 2024

The paper analyses the challenges of managing public library services in the context if emergencies in order to sustain public library services and thus contribute to the well-being of society. This is done by answering the following questions: What challenges can be identified in managing public library services in emergencies? Are public libraries resilient in emergency situations? What are the main enabling and limiting factors influencing the management of public library services to ensure public welfare in such situations? Understanding the enabling and limiting factors can help to ensure the resilience of public libraries to emergency situations and support public well-being in such situations. For the empirical research the mixed methods approach is applied by conducting quantitative survey of public libraries’ staff and qualitative interviews with library managers and experts in the field of emergency situations, working in public libraries in municipalities of Kaunas and Šiauliai counties (15 municipalities). The research sample consists of 620 respondents in the quantitative study and 12 informants in the qualitative study. The empirical research has revealed that while libraries face a multitude of challenges, they are among the most resilient organizations for emergencies. Key enabling factors were identified that influence the management of public library services to ensure societal well-being during emergency situations: cross-sectoral and cross-institutional collaboration, social networks, empowering leadership, long-term strategic planning, innovativeness, knowledge and competence development, financial stability, technology development, human resource management and performance management, strategic and psychological resilience, crisis resilience and comprehensive emergency preparedness, accessibility and dissemination of information. The identified main restricting factors are: lack of resilience, inappropriate leadership, lack of funding, lack of strategy, limited human resources and their digital literacy. The implementation of enabling factors and elimination of restrictions is inseparable from the effective management of public library services in emergency situations to ensure the provision of services necessary for the well-being of society.
The Influence of Azotobacter vinelandii IMV B-7076 on the Buckwheat Development and Exometabolite Composition in the Root Zone
Authors: Kurdish I.K. , Chobotarov A.Yu. , Brovarska O.S. , Parkhomenko N.Y. , Chobotarova V.V.
Published: November 2024

During the growth and development of plants, a large quantity of root exudates is released into the rhizosphere, forming a microbiome capable of stimulating plant growth and productivity. The application of microbial preparations will be the cornerstone of soil improvement and obtaining high-quality plant products. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of Azotobacter vinelandii IMV B-7076, a component of the highly effective complex bacterial preparation Azogran, on the buckwheat development and exometabolite composition in the root zone. Methods. The effect of azotobacter on the growth of buckwheat plants and their exometabolite synthesis was investigated during a 14-day cultivation period in a Farreus medium under phytotron conditions. The content of photosynthetic pigments in plant leaves was determined using spectrophotometric methods. The protein content in the medium was determined by the Bradford method, carbohydrates by their interaction with phenol and sulfuric acid, and phenols by the Folin-Chokalteu reagent. Results. It was found that the cultivation of buckwheat in a medium with azotobacter significantly stimulated the growth activity of plants and the content of chlorophyll a in their leaves. Under these conditions, the content of chlorophyll b and carotenoids in buckwheat leaves increased less noticeably. During the 14-day cultivation of plants in a medium containing 107 CFU/mL of these bacteria, the protein content increased by 110.4% compared to the control, phenolic compounds by 48.8%, and carbohydrates by 266.4%. Conclusions. Azotobacter vinelandii IMV B-7076 noticeably improves the growth of buckwheat, increases the concentration of exometabolites in the medium during hydroponic cultivation.
Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli and its Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Nechypurenko O.O. , Avdeeva L.V. , Dreval D.V. , Sobko I.O.
Published: November 2024

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a widely distributed pathogen and one of the main death causes in poultry farming. Also, these bacteria are harmful food-born pathogens with multiple virulence factors and pathogenicity that could be dangerous for humans. Moreover, APEC is characterized by a wide range of resistance to antimicrobials which successfully transmit to other microbes. Therefore, the aim of the work was to define the frequency of APEC isolation in dead birds during 2015–2022, as well as to investigate its resistance to antibiotics. Methods. During the investigation, the routine autopsy was made on dead birds of different ages from broiler, layer, and broiler-breeder poultry farms in Ukraine.  The type and severity of lesions were evaluated as characterized by 0 to 3 points. Then bacteriological examination was provided with further biochemical identification through Api20 E and APi20 NE tests. The susceptibility to antibiotics of identified E. coli was detected by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method regarding CLSI data. Results. 1427 birds from 113 poultry farms were examined, and as a result, 1806 bacterial isolates were detected, among which 1183 were referred to APEC. The frequency of detection of APEC isolates in dead birds was 82.9%.  Most often APEC-induced severe lesions (3 points) such as fibrinous perihepatitis, pericarditis, and peritonitis. The most effective antibiotics were colistin, gentamicin, ceftiofur, florfenicol, and norfloxacin, to which activity 91.6, 85.6, 63.9, 61.0, and 52.1 % of isolated APEC strains, respectively, were susceptible, However, more than 50 % of detected APEC were resistant to amoxicillin, amoxiclav, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, flumequine, and enrofloxacin. Moreover, 59.4 % of isolated bacteria were multi-resistant and avoided negative impact of more than 6 antibiotics.  Conclusions. Avian pathogenic E. coli was considered one of the leading bacteria agents in the poultry industry of Ukraine, because 82.9 % of birds were infected with the systemic form of colibacillosis. The largest number of resistant isolates during 2015–2022 was detected to flumequine (78.5 %), amoxicillin (78.4 %), amoxiclav (69.3 %), oxytetracycline (75.5 %), and doxycycline (58.3 %). The resistance to tetracyclines and quinolones increased dramatically through the years. It is therefore necessary to implement a new strategy for controlling APEC distribution based not only on rational antibiotic treatment but also on complex diagnostic and further immunization.
Protecting the integrity of e-books in the network environment: A comparative law perspective
Authors: Dien Nguyen Ngoc , Tuyen Nguyen Thi Ngoc
Published: November 2024

The digital age has ushered in a remarkable transformation in accessing literature. The rise of electronic books has democratized access to a vast library of works, fostering a more vibrant and inclusive reading culture. However, this revolution in the network ecosystem has presented unforeseen challenges. One critical concern lies in safeguarding the integrity and authenticity of e-books within this dynamic online environment. This paper examines the inadequacies of the current Vietnamese legal framework in protecting the integrity of e-books. By employing a comparative legal analysis, the current paper will investigate how copyright and related rights are addressed in the legal systems of select countries worldwide. Additionally, the paper will explore the relevant provisions of international treaties regarding the right to protect the integrity of copyrighted works. This comparative and global framework will inform the development of future-oriented perspectives on e-book integrity in Vietnam. Furthermore, the paper will propose concrete amendments to Vietnamese law that aim to strengthen the protection of authors' moral rights, particularly the right to safeguard the integrity of their works in the digital realm. These proposals aim to contribute to a broader discussion on legislative reform in Vietnam, ensuring that its legal framework effectively addresses the unique challenges posed by e-books in the digital age.
Climate change and population: Demographic perspectives on the 21st century’s defining challenge
Authors: Hoffmann Roman , Andriano Liliana , Striessnig Erich , Rüttenauer Tobias , Borderon Marion , Grace Kathryn
Published: November 2024

Climate change represents one of the most pressing challenges for societies in the 21st century. This special issue of the Vienna Yearbook of Population Research (VYPR) brings together interdisciplinary contributions from 51 authors to explore the demographic dimensions of climate change. In many ways, human populations are at the center of the current climate crisis. On the one hand, anthropogenic forces are responsible for the unprecedented changes in the climate system that are currently being observed. It is the burning of fossil fuels that has significantly increased greenhouse gas concentrations, driving global warming and altering natural climate patterns. On the other hand, human populations are also profoundly affected by these changes, as they are facing increased risks from extreme weather events, rising sea levels and shifting ecosystems, which, in turn, impact livelihoods, food and water security, and health and well-being. This special issue provides a comprehensive overview of both the role of population as a driving force of climate change and the significance of its impacts in the areas of health andmortality, migration, and fertility and reproductive behaviors. In addition to 10 research articles, the special issue features seven debate articles by leading scholars, who provide reflections on the climate-population nexus and the role of demographic science in climate changemitigation. Demography offers a wide range of perspectives and methodological tools to understand and address the climate-population nexus, including in the areas of health and population data, mathematical and statistical modeling, and projections. We advocate for a holistic research perspective that incorporates issues related to increasing climate risks into demographic thinking, and vice versa. A thorough understanding of the intricate relationship between populations, population dynamics and climate change is necessary for the development of effective and equitable mitigation and adaptation strategies that address both global and local challenges over time.
Sensitivity analysis and optimization of pier shape scour prediction using HEC-RAS
Authors: AL-Jubouri Muhanad , Ray Richard P. , Abbas Ethar H.
Published: November 2024

Scour around bridge piers threatens bridge stability. This study uses the Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System to improve depth estimates for various pier shapes. The Colorado State University and Froehlich equations were tested with a one-dimensional model calibrated for circular, square, rectangular, oblong, oval, and cylindrical piers. Sensitivity analysis identified coefficients K2, K3, flow velocity, and depth as key factors, with K2 being most significant. The Colorado State University equation overestimated scour depths, especially for square piers. The Froehlich method provided more accurate predictions, confirming the system's value in hydraulic modeling for bridge stability analysis.
Website Based Greenhouse Microclimate Control Automation System Design
Authors: Hafiz Muhammad , Ardiansah Irfan , Bafdal Nurpilihan
Published: November 2024

Microclimate control is very important for plants cultivation in a greenhouse, two of microclimate variables are temperature and humidity, this variable can be controlled using several methods, one option is to use the misting cooling system, but this process is still done manually. This study aims to create a greenhouse microclimate control system that can be automatically displayed and controlled via a website. This research uses engineering design methods. The results show that the system can automatically turn on the misting cooling system when temperatures are above 30 â„ƒ and RH below 80%. Greenhouse microclimate data can be displayed and controlled via a website. The UV index greatly influences the performance of the misting cooling system on temperature and RH conditions in the greenhouse, while the UV index rises to 12 the temperature cannot be lowered and RH cannot be increased, but when the UV index falls from 12 the temperature can be reduced by Â± 3 â„ƒ and RH can be increased by Â± 12%.
Energy-based criterion for slope failure considering groundwater and impact loading
Authors: Liu Li , Liu Jun , Zhao Futian , Xu Zequan
Published: November 2024

Slope instability poses significant risks in tunnel construction, particularly under the influence of impact loading and fluctuations in groundwater table. This study addresses the complexity of energy transformation and distribution in slopes affected by these factors. The research aims to analyze the local dynamic Factor of Safety (FOS) from the perspective of energy-based criterion, considering groundwater table, impact loading, and load position. Key findings indicate that the groundwater table is the most influential factor on slope stability, followed by load position and impact loading. The overall dynamic FOS was observed to peak at 0.35 s and trough appears at 1.0 s during impact loading, stabilizing after 2 s. The evolution of the overall dynamic FOS is explained from the energy dissipation and transformation mechanisms. These insights provide a critical basis for risk assessment and prevention in complex slope scenarios, contributing to sustainable infrastructure development in line with UN SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities).
A mathematical model of optical breakdown of an optical fiber core
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Starikova Viktoriya A. ,   Perm Research and Production Instrument-Making Company (PNPPK), Konin Yuri A. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University,   Perm Research and Production Instrument-Making Company (PNPPK),   ITMO University, Petukhova Aleksandra Yu. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University,   Perm Research and Production Instrument-Making Company (PNPPK), Perminov Anatoly V. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: November 2024

This article describes a mathematical model of an optical fiber core breakdown based on the thermal conductivity equation. The problem is solved in an axisymmetric formulation. The computational domain consists of four elements with different thermophysical properties at the boundaries of which conjugation conditions are fulfilled. The term describing a heat source in the model is defined by a radiation wavelength and refraction indexes of the core and the shell. It also includes absorption coefficient showing the absorption of radiation resulting from electron release due to the thermal ionization of a Ge-doped silica core. The distributions of temperature fields in optical fiber are obtained. The temperature field propagation velocity is estimated. Based on the calculations, it is possible to estimate the time of occurrence of optical breakdown for different wavelengths of radiation introduced into the fiber.
Optimization of the basic design of a water jet pump for geothermal water extraction
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Peshcherenko Sergey N. ,   Novomet-Perm JSC, Pospelov Dmitriy R. ,   Perm State University,   Novomet-Perm JSC
Published: November 2024

During the extraction of geothermal waters, their high temperature and depth of occurrence limit the use of submersible electric pumps. As an alternative, we propose the use of the basic design of water jet pumps with flow channels having conical or cylindrical surfaces, which allows their mass production at machine-building enterprises without expensive equipment. So far, the dependence of efficiency of such pumps on the design has been studied by alternately varying the geometrical dimensions, i.e., without taking into account their mutual influence. Many mutually inconsistent optimal designs have been proposed. We solved the optimization problem by means of computational fluid dynamics. When varying the geometric dimensions of the pump, a full factor experiment plan was applied. It is shown that all possible water jet pumps are geometrically similar. It is proposed to use the nozzle diameter as a natural scale. Expressions of the main geometrical dimensions of the pumps through the nozzle diameter were obtained. It is shown that the maximum efficiency of the pumps is ∼40%, and the liquid velocity at the nozzle outlet practically does not change in scaled models of the pump at fixed boundary conditions (pressures). Viscous losses grow inversely proportional to the nozzle diameter.
Presentación
Authors: Quintero Londoño Sergio Andrés
Published: November 2024

- -
O Serviço Social Na História: A Relação Entre Os Fundamentos E A Questão Étnico-Racial.
Authors: Elpidio Maria Helena , Da Silva Valdo João Paulo , Vaz da Silva Sandra Regina , Vieira Teixeira Rafael , Paulino de Lanes Mônica
Published: November 2024

O artigo aborda a relação entre os fundamentos do serviço social e as relações étnico-raciais na perspectiva da tradição marxista como pressupostos fundamentais para a compreensão e análise da realidade e da questão social. Parte da concepção crítica do Serviço Social na História, cujo trabalho profissional é construído nas contradições e nos movimentos do real, considerando as disputas junto à classe trabalhadora, por um horizonte emancipatório. As relações étnico-raciais compreendidas sob este prisma da totalidade histórica se constituem como solo fértil para decifrar como o racismo se mantém como arma de dominação do capitalismo em especial, nas particularidades de países da América do Sul, tendo aqui por referência, o Brasil. O estudo é fruto de uma acurada revisão bibliográfica, que nos permite afirmar que tais relações entre classe, raça, gênero/sexualidade e território estão diretamente alicerçados nas formas de vida, organização, lutas e resistências que se articulam visceralmente com a questão social, objeto do trabalho profissional.
Fundamentos Críticos do Serviço Social em Portugale Crise do Capital
Authors: Baptista Lewgoy Alzira Maria , Dos Santos Cláudia Mônica , De Castro Maciel Fabrícia Cristina , Freitas Pereira Coelho Kathiuscia Aparecida , Ferreira Clemente Morais Tomé Maria Rosa
Published: November 2024

Este artigo apresenta resultados preliminares da pesquisa Fundamentos históricos e teóricos do Serviço Social em Portugal: antecedentes, memória e desafios contemporâneos, subprojeto da pesquisa maior intitulada “O Serviço Social na História: Questão Social e Movimentos Sociais - América Latina e Europa (1960–2020). Com o objetivo de ampliar e aprofundar o conhecimento sobre os fundamentos críticos do Serviço Social procuramos identificar tendências no Serviço Social, respondendo à pergunta “se e como a vertente crítica se apresenta em Portugal?”. Trata-se de pesquisa documental, tendo como fonte “Fichas de Unidade Curricular” (FUC) dos Planos de Estudo das 17 licenciaturas. Evidencia-se que nas FUC das licenciaturas de Serviço Social português não háelementos que indiquem a vertente crítica marxista, na atualidade.
The Marble and the Canvas. Two Portraits for a Jurist (Michele Perremuto, 1728-1806)
Authors: Pace Gravina Giacomo
Published: November 2024

The study of two portraits of the jurist Michele Perremuto († 1806) provides original visual perspectives on the transformations affecting the figure of the jurist between the second half of the 18th century and the early years of the 19th century, an age of transition from the context of the late Ius Commune towards the age of the codification of law. Il marmo e la tela. Due ritratti per un giurista (Michele Perremuto, 1728-1806) Lo studio di due ritratti del giurista Michele Perremuto († 1806) offre originali prospettive visuali sulle trasformazioni che interessano la figura del giurista tra la seconda metà del Settecento e i primi anni dell’Ottocento, un’età di transizione dal contesto del tardo Diritto comune verso l’età della codificazione.
Constructing a White Self. The Photographic Depiction of White Dining Culture in Colonial Central Africa
Authors: Natermann Diana M.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the need to combine colonial photography with food history and analyse how important it was for Europeans to represent themselves in photographs when celebrating a white dining culture in Africa. It shows how self-representation was part of a visual global order, the creation of an African stereotype and how food played an integral part of (re-)enforcing whiteness amongst Europeans for whom the rejection of indigenous foods was a method of racial marking and power over the non-European. Also, racial stereotyping is linked to rulemaking, a pre-step to colonial laws, in a colonial context thereby linking it to elitist seeing customs. The case study approach is based on the Mecklenburg-Collection. Its visual ego-documents are discussed according to whiteness and postcolonial studies approaches, the Panofsky image analysis method and supported by diaries and travelogues.
METHODS OF THE PUBLIC-KEY BASED AUTHENTICATION IN THE INTERNET OF THINGS
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Dulia O.O. , Minochkin D.A. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a modern paradigm where everyday objects are interconnected and communicate with each other over the Internet. IoT facilitates the direct integration of physical objects with the cyber world through intelligent sensors, RFID tags, smartphones and wearable devices. IoT networks offer a variety of application areas, covering environmental monitoring, healthcare, smart cities, military aviation, and intelligent transportation systems. The number of devices open to the public network is gradually increasing; devices have a direct interaction with the physical world to collect data. Currently, one of the most debatable problems in the development of post-NGN communication networks is the problem of identifying the Internet of Things devices. Modern anonymization methods and the supposed large number of Internet of Things devices connected to the public communications network make modern communication systems vulnerable to intruders. The vulnerability of security consists in the impossibility of authentication of the Internet of Things devices, which opens the possibility for attackers to manufacture counterfactual physical and virtual products. This situation requires secure solutions to prevent private information leakage and malicious activation through peer-to-peer authentication and secure data transfer between IoT nodes and servers. However, the existing structure and IP-based IoT primitives are not fully developed with resource-constrained IoT devices (such as power consumption, computational resource, communication ranges, RAM, FLASH, etc.). As a result, lighter solutions are needed to ensure security on IoT devices with limited resources. Objective is to create a public-key based authentication method for IoT system that will be more optimized and secure than methods which already used for the Internet of Things. During the work process most of the existing methods of the public-key based authentication have been analyzed. Based on this analysis was proposed an authentication method that combines existing methods with improved cryptography algorithm.
COERCION RESISTANCE METHODS IN ELECTRONIC VOTING SYSTEMS
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Kyiv, Ukraine, Protsyk V.O. , Khlaponin Y.I. ,   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Kyiv, Ukraine, Vyshniakov V.M. ,   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Kyiv, Ukraine, Qasim N.H. ,   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2024

In today's condition of rapidly evolving information technologies and increasing number of users of the Internet, building e-democracy is one of the key tasks to ensure the social and economic progress of society. One of the tools of e-democracy is electronic voting. Electronic voting has emerged as a replacement for paper voting, as this type of voting can be cost-effective, transparent and objective. However, the experience of using electronic voting in several countries over the past three decades shows that the implementation of such systems has not been very successful due to long-standing security and privacy shortcomings. One of the biggest problems with voting systems is the threat of coercion, that can force voters to change their will or abstain from voting against their will. And although many e-voting systems today have coercion protection, the consequences are the use of heavyweight counting algorithms, burdening users with the need to store cryptographic key material, and shifting responsibility to mislead their enforcers. The reason for this is that in the conditions of electronic voting it is difficult to control whether the voter is forced to vote against his will. Therefore, the creation of an electronic voting system, which could provide coercion resistance, transparency and reliable protection, is a real challenge for many scientists and engineers. Therefore, several methods have been proposed to solve this problem. However, most of the proposed methods remain largely theoretical. The purpose of this article is to analyze these methods of solving the problem of coercion, as well as to determine the level of resistance to coercion that they provide.
Present-Day Tectonic Activities of Transverse Faults in the Keping Region, Southwest Tianshan
Authors: Guo Qian , Wen Yangmao , Xu Caijun , Zhao Xiong
Published: November 2024

The Keping fold-and-thrust belt (KFB), situated at the southern front of the Tianshan orogenic belt, represents a typical thin-skinned imbricated structure resulting from the uplift and southward-thrusting orogeny of the Tianshan. The KFB is believed to accommodate a considerable portion of the north–south convergence of crustal shortening and thickening across the Tianshan, making it an ideal region for investigating intracontinental orogenic processes. In this study, we used four ascending tracks and two descending tracks of the Sentinel-1 A/B data collected over six years to construct Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) line-of-sight velocity fields. Subsequently, the 3D interseismic velocity of the KFB was determined by integrating Global Positioning System and InSAR observations. Finally, we employed 2D edge dislocation models to quantify the kinematic parameters of the folds in the western KFB constrained by the vertical velocities. Our results indicate that the western KFB exhibits a crustal shortening rate of 6.3–7.8 mm/yr, which accounts for approximately one-third of the north–south shortening rate observed in the Tianshan orogenic belt. Among the fault zones, the West Keping fault at the thrust front exhibits the highest slip rate, with slip rates increasing from east to west. The maximum crustal shortening rate in the western segment reaches 3.6 mm/yr, constituting half of the total shortening within the KFB. Combined with topographical and geomorphological studies, we propose that the intensity of the southwestward-propagating orogeny from the Tianshan toward the KFB may have diminished.
Wisława Szymborska – Three Anatomical Studies
Authors: Kołodziej Piotr
Published: November 2024

The article is of an interpretive and methodological nature and concerns the design of reflections around existential and universal issues of “longue durée” (Braudel), as well as the design of situations of reception of cultural texts within the framework of humanities education at the high school level. The author describes a project – implemented in practice – related to the phenomenon of human existence and the diagnosis of human condition, primarily based on Wisława Szymborska’s poems, including three poetic “anatomical studies”, with literature treated here as a “laboratory of thought experiments” (Ricoeur). The principles of text selection and arrangement are explained using this example, with particular attention paid to the various materials available on the Internet.
Culture of Participation in Social Media (on the Example of the Picturebook “Mr. Expressive” by Olga Tokarczuk and Joanna Concejo): Didactic Reflections
Authors: Mazur Elżbieta
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the culture of participation in social media and the issue of creating an image on the Internet, using the example of the picturebook Mr. Expressive by Olga Tokarczuk and Joanna Concejo. Due to the fact that the writer and illustrator took up topics relevant to the net generation, such as consumerism, addiction to digital media, narcissism, loneliness, lack of acceptance and understanding of different attitudes, the word-and-graphic story of contemporary culture was subjected to didactic reflection (as a proposal for reading in Polish language classes).
TikTok Application as a Teaching Aid in Vocational Subjects at a Technical School – from a Practitioner’s Perspective
Authors: Owczarczyk Magdalena
Published: November 2024

The article places the TikTok application in a number of other social media whose primary communication role allows to improve the teaching process. In the case of secondary school education, it serves as a teaching aid for students of the graphics and digital printing technical school. The teacher publishes videos on TikTok that support students in preparing for tests or exams. Reference was also made to the importance of media education in the context of using social media for learning.
Developing Academic Students’ Writing Competence in the Generative AI Environment
Authors: Olszak Izabela , Krajka Jarosław
Published: November 2024

The current explosion of AI tools and the resulting popularity of AI aids in various aspects of life, opened up a myriad of chances for students to apply varied AI strategies to enhance the learning process. The paper focuses on tracing academic students’ writing development in the generative AI environment. The purpose of the research was to verify the application of AI strategies in developing writing skills of a group of applied linguistics students to define what kind of writing assistance they seek and to what extent the application of AI-assisted writing strategies changes their way of learning and developing writing skills. The data for the scientific experiment was gathered through a one-group quasi-experimental treatment of undergraduate applied linguistics students with an English-Portuguese language combination. The results prove the applied linguistics students employ varied strategies in AI environments in order to develop their writing skills.
Evaluation of the effect of cold normal saline as a carrier fluid in reducing propofol induced pain
Authors: Bolanthakodi Chethana , Bhat Murali Shankar , Cherian Sheba , Huchchannavar Raghavendra R
Published: November 2024

: Pain or discomfort during intravenous injection is a common unwanted result of Propofol, and can lead to dissatisfaction. Various methods are used to reduce ‘pain on propofol injection’ (POPI), among which mixing lignocaine with propofol is commonly used. However mixing lignocaine destabilises propofol, leading to reduced anaesthetic properties of propofol, warranting the use of other methods. Cold temperatures reduce nerve conduction velocity resulting in decreased pain signal transmission and have vasoconstrictive properties which reduce local tissue irritation, potentially minimizing pain.

To evaluate cold normal saline (at 4°C) as carrier fluid in reducing POPI compared to normal saline at room temperature, with a primary objective of assessing the incidence and severity of pain using a pain score and a secondary objective of assessing postoperative recall in both the groups.

: A single-blinded prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 76 patients undergoing general anaesthesia for elective surgeries. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups: Group C received cold saline (at 4°C) and Group R received room temperature saline as carrier fluids during propofol administration. Pain during injection was recorded using pain score, Heart rate changes before and after propofol administration, and Postoperative recall of injection pain was assessed.

: The incidence of pain was significantly lower in Group C (52.6%) compared to Group R (81.57%) (p=0.007). Group R had a higher severity of pain, with more patients experiencing moderate to severe pain. Group R also showed an increase in heart rate (3.46%) compared to Group C (0.27%) (p=0.027). Postoperative recall of injection pain was more frequent in Group R than in Group C.

Cold normal saline as a carrier fluid (at 4C) effectively reduces pain associated with propofol injection. This technique helps to enhance patient comfort and satisfaction, making it a valuable addition to clinical practice.
A comparative study of 0.2% ropivacaine with dexamethasone versus fentanyl in PENG block
Authors: Apte Vrishali Yashvant , Mehta Sumedha , Adate Kavita , Pathan Arbaaz , Valake Kiran
Published: November 2024

The PENG block is recognized for its motor-sparing effect, setting it apart from the femoral nerve block. This interfascial plane block provides good analgesia for proximal femur fracture surgeries.

The primary objective of the research was to analyze the efficacy of Dexamethasone and Fentanyl with Ropivacaine in PENG block for proximal femur surgeries, while the secondary objective was to evaluate the comfort of patients while positioning for spinal anesthesia and any potential side effects.

The study involved 60 patients, classified as ASA grade I/II, split into two groups of 30. Group PD was given 0.2%Ropivacaine (15ml), with Dexamethasone 4mg, and Group PF was given 0.2% Ropivacaine (15ml), with Fentanyl 50mcg in USG guided PENG block. The study documented VAS score before and 10 minutes after the PENG block, patient satisfaction score, postoperative duration of analgesia, hemodynamic effects and adverse effects.

In both the groups, VAS score before (6.567±1.223 vs6.5±1.252, p=0.408) and 10 minutes after PENG block (2.167±0.791vs2.234±0.728, p=0.365) and patient satisfaction score (2.1±0.759vs2±0.743, p=0.328) were comparable i.e. statistically insignificant. The postoperative duration of analgesia (655.334±35.457 mins in group PD vs 458.334±27.518 mins in group PF, p- value=0.004), was statistically significant. No significant hemodynamic effects or side effects were observed.

PENG block has the potential to be beneficial for both preoperative positioning and postoperative pain management. We conclude that Dexamethasone (4mg) and Fentanyl (50 mcg) provide comparable analgesic efficacy as an adjuvant to 0.2% Ropivacaine in the early postoperative period, but Dexamethasone provides a prolonged duration of analgesia.