bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Fuzzy Logic untuk Sistem Deteksi Banjir Menggunakan Mikrokontroler ESP32-CAM dan Notifikasi Telegram
Authors: Enggar Prastyo  , Siswanto Siswanto
Published: August 2024

Indonesia menjadi  negara yang rawan akan bencana. Salah satu bencana  alam  yang  kerap  terjadi di wilayah Depok sejak tanggal 16 Februari 2022 hingga 2 Juni 2022  adalah banjir. Pada tanggal 16 Februari 2022 tepatnya di Keluarahan Cinere, Depok mengalami banjir yang menyebabkan banyak rumah di RW 12 terendam banjir. Pada tanggal 17 Februari 2022 wilayah Pasir Putih kota Depok mengalami bencana banjir dan longsor. Kelurahan Pasir Putih mengalami banjir dengan ketinggian mencapai 130 cm yang membuat 53 keluarga terdampak dan mengalami berbagai macam kerugian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat prototipe sistem deteksi banjir menggunakan Water Float Sensor, mikrokontroler ESP32-CAM, LED, buzzer, metode fuzzy logic dan notifikasi secara otomatis mengirimkan teks dan foto informasi banjir via telegram berbasis IoT serta menggunakan Bahasa pemrograman Bahasa C. Sistem pendeteksi banjir ini juga dirancang untuk dapat menyampaikan peringatan secara cepat dan dengan jangkauan yang luas. Penyebab terjadinya banjir di kota Depok karena tersumbatnya saluran air serta curah hujan tinggi yang menyebabkan air meluap dari sungai dan menyebabkan banjir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prototipe dapat digunakan masyarakat Depok untuk mendapatkan informasi dengan cepat terkait banjir yang akan terjadi. Water Float Sensor dapat memberikan data ke ESP32-CAM dan diproses untuk memberi informasi berupa teks, LED, buzzer dan foto kondisi sekitar. Informasi Foto juga berhasil terkirim ke user melalui Bot Telegram dengan waktu 10 sampai 20 detik.
Situeret lærerfaglighed
Authors: Mardahl-Hansen Tilde Lykke , Højholt Charlotte
Published: August 2024

Ambitionen med denne artikel er at bidrage til forståelser af lærerfaglighed og undervisningspraksis, der adresserer, hvordan lærere arbejder med hverdagslivets kompleksiteter og dynamiske samspil som led i at skabe deltagelsesmuligheder for børn og unge i konkrete undervisningssituationer. Vi vil på den måde bidrage til udviklingen af en ’situeret psykologi’ med begreber, der kan styrke forståelser for lærerfaglighed som samarbejdende og udforskende. Artiklen bygger på et begreb om ’situeret ulighed’, der inviterer til at forstå og analysere ulighed som på en og samme tid knyttet til skolen som en særlig samfundsmæssig praksis, sociale samspil og samarbejdsprocesser og børn og unges personlige erfaringer, engagementer og liv på tværs af steder. Det peger på en sammenhæng mellem børn og unges forskellige muligheder for at deltage og lykkes i skolen og professionelles faglige betingelser for at arbejde med deres deltagelsesmuligheder i skolen. Med afsæt i praksisteori, kritisk psykologiske begreber om blandt andet livsførelse samt Donald Schøns teori om faglighed i praksis bidrager artiklen med trædesten til forståelser af lærerfaglighed som situeret i skolens sociale hverdagsliv, hvor lærere og elever samarbejder om forskelle og fælles opgaver. Formålet er herigennem at styrke forståelser af og betingelser for læreres faglighed i arbejde med børns og unges betingelser for deltagelse i skolens læringsfællesskaber.
T3SS translocon induces pyroptosis by direct interaction with NLRC4/NAIP inflammasome
Authors: Zhao Yan , Zhu Hanshuo , Li Jinqian , Xu Hang , Sun Li
Published: August 2024

Type III secretion system (T3SS) is a virulence apparatus existing in many bacterial pathogens. Structurally, T3SS consists of the base, needle, tip, and translocon. The NLRC4 inflammasome is the major receptor for T3SS needle and basal rod proteins. Whether other T3SS components are recognized by NLRC4 is unclear. In this study, using Edwardsiella tarda as a model intracellular pathogen, we examined T3SS−inflammasome interaction and its effect on cell death. E. tarda induced pyroptosis in a manner that required the bacterial translocon and the host inflammasome proteins of NLRC4, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase 1/4. The translocon protein EseB triggered NLRC4/NAIP-mediated pyroptosis by binding NAIP via its C-terminal region, particularly the terminal 6 residues (T6R). EseB homologs exist widely in T3SS-positive bacteria and share high identities in T6R. Like E. tarda EseB, all of the representatives of the EseB homologs exhibited T6R-dependent NLRC4 activation ability. Together these results revealed the function and molecular mechanism of EseB to induce host cell pyroptosis and suggested a highly conserved inflammasome-activation mechanism of T3SS translocon in bacterial pathogens.
T3SS translocon induces pyroptosis by direct interaction with NLRC4/NAIP inflammasome
Authors: Zhao Yan , Zhu Hanshuo , Li Jinqian , Sun Li
Published: August 2024

Type III secretion system (T3SS) is a virulence apparatus existing in many bacterial pathogens. Structurally, T3SS consists of the base, needle, tip, and translocon. The NLRC4 inflammasome is the major receptor for T3SS needle and basal rod proteins. Whether other T3SS components are recognized by NLRC4 is unclear. In this study, using
Edwardsiella tarda
as a model intracellular pathogen, we examined T3SS−inflammasome interaction and its effect on cell death.
E. tarda
induced pyroptosis in a manner that required the bacterial translocon and the host inflammasome proteins of NLRC4, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase 1/4. The translocon protein EseB triggered NLRC4/NAIP-mediated pyroptosis by binding NAIP via its C-terminal region, particularly the terminal 6 residues (T6R). EseB homologs exist widely in T3SS-positive bacteria and share high identities in T6R. Like
E. tarda
EseB, all of the representatives of the EseB homologs exhibited T6R-dependent NLRC4 activation ability. Together these results revealed the function and molecular mechanism of EseB to induce host cell pyroptosis and suggested a highly conserved inflammasome-activation mechanism of T3SS translocon in bacterial pathogens.
A distributed brain response predicting the facial expression of acute nociceptive pain
Authors: Picard Marie-Eve , Kunz Miriam , Chen Jen-I , Coll Michel-Pierre , Vachon-Presseau Étienne , Wager Tor D , Rainville Pierre
Published: August 2024

Pain is a private experience observable through various verbal and non-verbal behavioural manifestations, each of which may relate to different pain-related functions. Despite the importance of understanding the cerebral mechanisms underlying those manifestations, there is currently limited knowledge on the neural correlates of the facial expression of pain. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, noxious heat stimulation was applied in healthy volunteers and we tested if previously published brain signatures of pain were sensitive to pain expression. We then applied a multivariate pattern analysis to the fMRI data to predict the facial expression of pain. Results revealed the inability of previously developed pain neurosignatures to predict the facial expression of pain. We thus propose a Facial Expression of Pain Signature (FEPS) conveying distinctive information about the brain response to nociceptive stimulations with minimal or no overlap with other pain-relevant brain signatures associated with nociception, pain ratings, thermal pain aversiveness, or pain valuation. The FEPS may provide a distinctive functional characterization of the distributed cerebral response to nociceptive pain associated with the socio-communicative role of non-verbal pain expression. This underscores the complexity of pain phenomenology by reinforcing the view that neurosignatures conceived as biomarkers must be interpreted in relation to the specific pain manifestation(s) predicted and their underlying function(s). Future studies should explore other pain-relevant manifestations and assess the specificity of the FEPS against simulated pain expressions and other types of aversive or emotional states.
PKR activation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV-transgenic mice with nephropathy
Authors: Yoshida Teruhiko , Latt Khun Zaw , Rosenberg Avi Z , Santo Briana A , Myakala Komuraiah , Ishimoto Yu , Zhao Yongmei , Shrivastav Shashi , Jones Bryce A , Yang Xiaoping , Wang Xiaoxin X , Tutino Vincent M , Sarder Pinaki , Levi Moshe , Okamoto Koji , Winkler Cheryl A , Kopp Jeffrey B
Published: August 2024

HIV disease remains prevalent in the USA and chronic kidney disease remains a major cause of morbidity in HIV-1-positive patients. Host double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-activated protein kinase (PKR) is a sensor for viral dsRNA, including HIV-1. We show that PKR inhibition by compound C16 ameliorates the HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) kidney phenotype in the Tg26 transgenic mouse model, with reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction. Combined analysis of single-nucleus RNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data revealed that oxidative phosphorylation was one of the most downregulated pathways and identified signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) as a potential mediating factor. We identified in Tg26 mice a novel proximal tubular cell cluster enriched in mitochondrial transcripts. Podocytes showed high levels of HIV-1 gene expression and dysregulation of cytoskeleton-related genes, and these cells dedifferentiated. In injured proximal tubules, cell-cell interaction analysis indicated activation of the pro-fibrogenic PKR-STAT3-platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-D pathway. These findings suggest that PKR inhibition and mitochondrial rescue are potential novel therapeutic approaches for HIVAN.
Exposure to live saprophytic Leptospira before challenge with a pathogenic serovar prevents severe leptospirosis and promotes kidney homeostasis
Authors: Kundu Suman , Shetty Advait , Gomes-Solecki Maria
Published: August 2024

Previous studies demonstrated that
Leptospira biflexa
, a saprophytic species, triggers innate immune responses in the host during early infection. This raised the question of whether these responses could suppress a subsequent challenge with pathogenic
Leptospira
. We inoculated C3H/HeJ mice with a single or a double dose of
L. biflexa
before challenge with a pathogenic serovar,
L. interrogans
serovar Copenhageni FioCruz (LIC). Pre-challenge exposure to
L. biflexa
did not prevent LIC dissemination and colonization of the kidney. However, it rescued weight loss and mouse survival thereby mitigating disease severity. Unexpectedly, there was correlation between rescue of overall health (weight gain, higher survival, lower kidney fibrosis marker ColA1) and higher shedding of LIC in urine. This stood in contrast to the
L. biflexa
unexposed LIC challenged control. Immune responses were dominated by increased frequency of effector T helper (CD4+) cells in spleen, as well as significant increases in serologic IgG2a. Our findings suggest that exposure to live saprophytic
Leptospira
primes the host to develop Th1 biased immune responses that prevent severe disease induced by a subsequent challenge with a pathogenic species. Thus, mice exposed to live saprophytic
Leptospira
before facing a pathogenic serovar may withstand infection with far better outcomes. Furthermore, a status of homeostasis may have been reached after kidney colonization that helps LIC complete its enzootic cycle.
Escape problem of magnetotactic bacteria - physiological magnetic field strength help magnetotactic bacteria navigate in simulated sediments
Authors: Codutti Agnese , Charsooghi Mohammad A , Marx Konrad , Cerdá-Doñate Elisa , Munoz Omar , Zaslansky Paul , Telezki Vitali , Robinson Tom , Faivre Damien , Klumpp Stefan
Published: August 2024

Bacterial motility is typically studied in bulk solution, while their natural habitats often are complex environments. Here, we produced microfluidic channels that contained sediment-mimicking obstacles to study swimming of magnetotactic bacteria in a near-realistic environment. Magnetotactic bacteria are microorganisms that form chains of nanomagnets and that orient in Earth’s magnetic field. The obstacles were produced based on micro-computer tomography reconstructions of bacteria-rich sediment samples. We characterized the swimming of the cells through these channels and found that swimming throughput was highest for physiological magnetic fields. This observation was confirmed by extensive computer simulations using an active Brownian particle model, which were parameterized based on experimental trajectories, in particular with the trajectories near the sediment-mimicking obstacles, from which the interactions of the swimming bacteria with the obstacles were determined. The simulations were used to quantify the swimming throughput in detail. They showed the behavior seen in experiments, but also exhibited considerable variability between different channel geometries. The simulations indicate that swimming at strong field is impeded by the trapping of bacteria in “corners” that require transient swimming against the magnetic field for escape. At weak fields, the direction of swimming is almost random, making the process inefficient as well. We confirmed the trapping effect in our experiments and showed that lowering the field strength allows the bacteria to escape. We hypothesize that over the course of evolution, magnetotactic bacteria have thus evolved to produce magnetic properties that are adapted to the geomagnetic field in order to balance movement and orientation in such crowded environments.
Beyond 2D cell cultures: how 3D models are changing the in vitro study of ovarian cancer and how to make the most of them
Authors: Cortesi Marilisa , Warton Kristina , Ford Caroline E.
Published: August 2024

3D cell cultures are a fundamental tool in ovarian cancer research that can enable more effective study of the main features of this lethal disease, including the high rates of recurrence and chemoresistance. A clearer, more comprehensive understanding of the biological underpinnings of these phenomena could aid the development of more effective treatments thus improving patient outcomes. Selecting the most appropriate model to investigate the different aspects of cell biology that are relevant to cancer is challenging, especially since the assays available for the study of 3D cultures are not fully established yet. To maximise the usefulness of 3D cell cultures of ovarian cancer, we undertook an in-depth review of the currently available models, taking into consideration the strengths and limitations of each approach and of the assay techniques used to evaluate the results. This integrated analysis provides insight into which model-assay pair is best suited to study different parameters of ovarian cancer biology such as cell proliferation, gene expression or treatment response. We also describe how the combined use of multiple models is likely to be the most effective strategy for the in vitro characterisation of complex behaviours.
The role of acute stress recovery in emotional resilience
Authors: Notebaert Lies , Harris Roger , MacLeod Colin , Crane Monique , Bucks Romola S.
Published: August 2024

Background

Resilience refers to the process of demonstrating better outcomes than would be expected based on the adversity one experienced. Resilience is increasingly measured using a residual approach, which typically assesses adversity and mental health outcomes over a longitudinal timeframe. It remains unknown to what extent such a residual-based measurement of resilience is sensitive to variation in acute stress resilience, a candidate resilience factor.

Methods

Fifty-seven emerging adults enrolled in tertiary education completed measures of adversity and emotional experiences. To assess stress recovery, participants were exposed to a lab-based adverse event from which a Laboratory Stress Resilience Index was derived.

Results

We derived a residual-based measure of emotional resilience from regressing emotional experience scores onto adversity scores. This residual-based measure of emotional resilience predicted variance in the Laboratory Stress Resilience Index over and above that predicted by both a traditional resilience measure and the emotional experiences measure. These findings suggest that acute stress resilience may be a factor underpinning variation in emotional resilience, and that the residual-based approach to measuring resilience is sensitive to such variation in stress resilience.
Photogrammetric Based Analysis of Facial and Nasal Indices: A Cross-sectional Study among the Igbo Ethnic Group of Nigeria
Authors: Okoh Peter Done , Fawehinmi Hakeem Babatunde , Oghenemavwe Loveday Ese , David Lekpa Kingdom , Amadi Michael Anozie , Oparaocha Chile A. , Ebieto Celestine Ebieto , Asiwe Nicholas
Published: August 2024

Background: Facial and nasal indices have great value in forensic identification and all specialty concerns with the treatment of the face. The study aims to evaluate the facial and nasal index of the Igbo ethnic group of Nigeria.
Methods: 300 (150 males and 150 females) subjects of Igbo origin volunteered for the study. Each subject's frontal and profile view photographs were taken in the Natural Head Position and analyzed using Pro-Image Facial Software Version 2 to evaluate the facial width, facial height, nasal width, and nasal height. Facial and nasal indices were calculated and used to obtain the facial, and nasal types. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS (version 25).
Results: The study showed that the mean values of the facial and nasal indices for females were 70.35±6.61 and 105.48±12.97 while males had 68.47±6.04, and 86.21±10.82 respectively. 96.2% and 94.7% of males and females have hyperleptoprosopic facial type; platyrrhine type of nose was dominant in both sexes. There was a significant sex difference in the facial index (P =0.048), nasal index (P=0.0001), facial type (P=0.022), and nasal type (P=0.0001).  
Conclusion: The sex variations observed in facial index, nasal index, and facial and nasal types among the Igbo ethnic group of Nigeria would serve as a reference to clinical anatomists and forensic anthropologists.
Syntheses, Characterization, and Biological Activity of Mixed Antimalaria Metal Complexes
Authors: Ayodeji Osuolale Emmanuel , Joseph Oke Temidayo , Alice Adebayo Abisola , Timothy Abegunrin Tofunmi , Oluchi Onyemeh Linda
Published: August 2024

This project deals with the synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and antimicrobial activity of metal complexes with Amodiaquine and pyrimethamine drugs. Five metal complexes derived from amodiaquine and pyrimethamine have been synthesized using the following metal ions: Co(Il), Cu(Il), Zn(Il), Ni(II) and Fe(III). The complexes were characterized by decomposition temperature, solubility, conductivity measurement, elemental analyses, UV-Vis and IR spectroscopy. According to the results of physiochemical and spectroscopic data, the metal complexes were proposed to have the formula: [ML1L2].Y,xH2O (where L= Ligand, M = Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Fe(III), Y = SO4 or Cl2.
The complexes have higher melting point than their free ligands and the lower value of conductivity test showed that the complexes are non-electrolytes. The spectroscopic data proposed that Amodiaquine coordinated through the oxygen atoms of the ydroxyl group, and pyrimethamine coordinated through Nitrogen atom of primary amine group. The complexes showed octahedral geometry with the ligands acting as bidentate.
The complexes were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity against four isolates of Steptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The results show that the synthesized mixed ligands have higher antibacterial activities compared with the original ligands.
The 100 Most Cited Articles on Composite Resin in Dentistry: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Oliveira Emanuelle Melquiades Barbosa de , Torres Adriana da Silva , Guimarães Camila Pimenta de Araújo , Martins Olga Beatriz Lopes , Torres Moisés de Matos , Araújo Cíntia Tereza Pimenta de
Published: August 2024

Aim: This study aimed to carry out a bibliometric review of the 100 most cited articles on composite resin in dentistry. This analysis aims to identify highly recognized publications, map trends, and highlight leading authors and institutions in composite resin research. The review was carried out in the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science database.
Study Design:  Review article.
Methodology: The search was conducted in September 2023 using specific terms. The results were organized in an Excel table, sorted by citation count, and reviewed by two researchers, with a third consulted in case of discrepancies. The sample included publications mentioning composite resin in the title and/or abstract, with no restrictions on study type, year, language, or impact factor. The most cited articles were manually analysed for authors, citation counts, and contributing institutions. This study did not require ethical approval.
Results: The initial search identified 20,129 articles. The results revealed a great diversity of studies, with a significant predominance of laboratory research. The prominent presence of author Ferracane and institutions such as Oregon Health & Science University and the University of Munich were highlighted as leaders in scientific production on composite resins. Additionally, a pattern of publications with production peaks in certain years was identified. These findings provide a comprehensive overview of research in this area and highlight the importance of these studies for the advancement of dentistry.
Conclusion: The top 100 articles are fundamental to understanding the development of composite resins, although many recent articles may not have been included in the study because they are not among the most cited articles. This review can inspire new research, guiding the directions of future investigations. These results can guide researchers in identifying crucial information, including relevant articles, important journals, and essential.
Quinolines and Isoquinolines
Authors: Finley K. Thomas
Published: September 2015

The fusion of a pyridine and a benzene ring produces two heterocyclic aromatic systems usually referred to by their common names, quinoline and isoquinoline. In addition to the chemistry to be expected, this combination opens a wide range of additional possibilities. It is therefore not surprising that both quinoline and isoquinoline have been the subject of extensive studies ranging from the theoretical to the most applied. The dye and photographic industries, the metallurgical, analytical, and polymer sciences all provide extensive examples. However, it continues to be the medical field and the pharmaceutical industry that provides the major driving force for an impressive array of studies of the synthesis and properties of molecules containing these structures. The toxicity of these compounds is sufficient to warrant care in their handling.
Surface distribution of dissolved trace metals in the oligotrophic ocean and their influence on phytoplankton biomass and productivity
Authors: Pinedo‐González Paulina , West A. Joshua , Tovar‐Sánchez Antonio , Duarte Carlos M. , Marañón Emilio , Cermeño Pedro , González Natalia , Sobrino Cristina , Huete‐Ortega María , Fernández Ana , López‐Sandoval Daffne C. , Vidal Montserrat , Blasco Dolors , Estrada Marta , Sañudo‐Wilhelmy Sergio A.
Published: September 2015

The distribution of bioactive trace metals has the potential to enhance or limit primary productivity and carbon export in some regions of the world ocean. To study these connections, the concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, and V were determined for 110 surface water samples collected during the Malaspina 2010 Circumnavigation Expedition (MCE). Total dissolved Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, and V concentrations averaged 19.0 ± 5.4 pM, 21.4 ± 12 pM, 0.91 ± 0.4 nM, 0.66 ± 0.3 nM, 88.8 ± 12 nM, 1.72 ± 0.4 nM, and 23.4 ± 4.4 nM, respectively, with the lowest values detected in the Central Pacific and increased values at the extremes of all transects near coastal zones. Trace metal concentrations measured in surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean during the MCE were compared to previously published data for the same region. The comparison revealed little temporal changes in the distribution of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, and Ni over the last 30 years. We utilized a multivariable linear regression model to describe potential relationships between primary productivity and the hydrological, biological, trace nutrient and macronutrient data collected during the MCE. Our statistical analysis shows that primary productivity in the Indian Ocean is best described by chlorophyll a, NO3, Ni, temperature, SiO4, and Cd. In the Atlantic Ocean, primary productivity is correlated with chlorophyll a, NO3, PO4, mixed layer depth, Co, Fe, Cd, Cu, V, and Mo. The variables salinity, temperature, SiO4, NO3, PO4, Fe, Cd, and V were found to best predict primary productivity in the Pacific Ocean. These results suggest that some of the lesser studied trace elements (e.g., Ni, V, Mo, and Cd) may play a more important role in regulating oceanic primary productivity than previously thought and point to the need for future experiments to verify their potential biological functions.
Petrofabric development during experimental partial melting and recrystallization of a mica‐schist analog
Authors: Almqvist Bjarne S. G. , Biedermann Andrea R. , Klonowska Iwona , Misra Santanu
Published: September 2015

Magnetic properties and the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) present promising methods to track mineral orientation and petrofabric in rocks that have undergone partial melting. In order to better understand the source of the magnetic signal in these types of rocks, the interpretation of field observations may be integrated with laboratory experiments, designed to recreate conditions of partial melting. A set of experiments is presented in this study, where synthetic foliated quartz‐muscovite aggregates undergo partial melting at 300 MPa hydrostatic confining pressure and 750°C. Magnetic properties and AMS are measured before and after partial melting. Prior to partial melting, the synthetic aggregate shows a compaction‐related oblate magnetic fabric, dominated by paramagnetic muscovite that contains small amounts of iron. Post experiment samples show neoblasts that crystallize from incongruent melt reactions. Most notably for the magnetic fabric, the breakdown of muscovite results in growth of secondary phases of Fe‐bearing spinel and biotite. Isothermal remanence acquisition and temperature dependence of susceptibility indicate that the spinel is magnetite. The degree of magnetic anisotropy reduces significantly after partial melting, but notably the orientation of the principal axes of susceptibility mimics the AMS of the original quartz‐muscovite aggregate. Additionally, the post experiment samples show a relationship between the amount of sample shortening (compaction) and the degree of magnetic anisotropy and susceptibility ellipsoid shape factor. These results suggest that petrofabrics in rocks that undergo partial melting at near hydrostatic pressure conditions may in part be inherited, or mimic, the original petrofabric of a sedimentary or metasedimentary rock.
Understanding Polymorph Transformations in Core‐Chlorinated Naphthalene Diimides and their Impact on Thin‐Film Transistor Performance
Authors: Purdum Geoffrey E. , Yao Nan , Woll Arthur , Gessner Thomas , Weitz Ralf Thomas , Loo Yueh‐Lin
Published: September 2015

Though charge transport is sensitive to subtle changes in the packing motifs of molecular semiconductors, research addressing how intermolecular packing influences electrical properties has largely been carried out on single‐crystals, as opposed to the more technologically relevant thin‐film transistors (TFTs). Here, independent and reversible access to the monoclinic and triclinic crystal structures of a core‐chlorinated naphthalene tetracarboxylic diimide (NTCDI‐1) is demonstrated in polycrystalline thin films via post‐deposition annealing. Time‐resolved measurements of these transitions via UV–visible spectroscopy and grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction indicate that the polymorphic transformations follow second‐order Avrami kinetics, suggestive of 2D growth after initial nucleation. Thin‐film transistors comprising triclinic NTCDI‐1 consistently outperform those comprising its monoclinic counterpart. This behavior contrasts that of single‐crystal transistors in which devices comprising monoclinic crystals are consistently superior to devices with triclinic crystals. This difference is attributed to more uniform in‐plane charge transport in polycrystalline thin films having the triclinic compared to the monoclinic polymorph. As the mobility of TFTs is a reflection of ensemble‐average charge transport across crystalline grains having different molecular orientations, this study suggests that among different polymorphs of a particular molecular semiconductor, those with smaller in‐plane anisotropy are more beneficial for efficient lateral charge transport in polycrystalline devices.
Bubble‐Decorated Honeycomb‐Like Graphene Film as Ultrahigh Sensitivity Pressure Sensors
Authors: Sheng Lizhi , Liang Yuan , Jiang Lili , Wang Qian , Wei Tong , Qu Liangti , Fan Zhuangjun
Published: September 2015

Recently, macroporous graphene monoliths (MGMs), with ultralow density and good electrical conductivity, have been considered as excellent pressure sensors due to their excellent elasticity with a rapid rate of recovery. However, MGMs can only exhibit good sensitivity when the strain is higher than 20%, which is undesirable for touch‐type pressure sensors, such as artificial skin. Here, an innovative method for the fabrication of freestanding flexible graphene film with bubbles decorated on honeycomb‐like network is demonstrated. Due to the switching effect depended on “point‐to‐point” and “point‐to‐face” contact modes, the graphene pressure sensor has an ultrahigh sensitivity of 161.6 kPa−1at a strain less than 4%, several hundred times higher than most previously reported pressure sensors. Moreover, the graphene pressure sensor can monitor human motions such as finger bending and pulse with a very low operating voltage of 10 mV, which is sufficiently low to allow for powering by energy‐harvesting devices, such as triboelectric generators. Therefore, the high sensitivity, low operating voltage, long cycling life, and large‐scale fabrication of the pressure sensors make it a promising candidate for manufacturing low‐cost artificial skin.
A Review of Patterned Organic Bioelectronic Materials and their Biomedical Applications
Authors: Park SooHyun , Kang You Jung , Majd Sheereen
Published: September 2015

Organic electronic materials are rapidly emerging as superior replacements for a number of conventional electronic materials, such as metals and semiconductors. Conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphenes, organic light‐emitting diodes, and diamond films fabricated via chemical vapor deposition are the most popular organic bioelectronic materials that are currently under active research and development. Besides the capability to translate biological signals to electrical signals or vice versa, organic bioelectronic materials entail greater biocompatibility and biodegradability compared to conventional electronic materials, which makes them more suitable for biomedical applications. When patterned, these materials bring about numerous capabilities to perform various tasks in a more‐sophisticated and high‐throughput manner. Here, we provide an overview of the unique properties of organic bioelectronic materials, different strategies applied to pattern these materials, and finally their applications in the field of biomedical engineering, particularly biosensing, cell and tissue engineering, actuators, and drug delivery.
Microstructural and Electronic Origins of Open‐Circuit Voltage Tuning in Organic Solar Cells Based on Ternary Blends
Authors: Mollinger Sonya A. , Vandewal Koen , Salleo Alberto
Published: September 2015

Organic ternary heterojunction photovoltaic blends are sometimes observed to undergo a gradual evolution in open‐circuit voltage (Voc) with increasing amounts of a second donor or an acceptor. The Voc is strongly correlated with the energy of the charge transfer state in the blend, but this value depends on both local and mesoscopic orders. In this work, the behavior of Voc in the presence of a wide range of interfacial electronic states is investigated. The key charge transfer state interfaces responsible for Voc in several model systems with varying morphology are identified. Systems consisting of one donor with two fullerene molecules and of one acceptor with a donor polymer of varying regio‐regularity are used. The effects from the changing energetic disorder in the material and from the variation due to a law of simple mixtures are quantified. It has been found that populating the higher‐energy charge transfer states is not responsible for the observed change in Voc upon the addition of a third component. Aggregating polymers and miscible fullerenes are compared, and it has been concluded that in both cases charge delocalization, aggregation, and local polarization effects shift the lowest‐energy charge transfer state distribution.
Best practices in the evaluation and treatment of foramen magnum stenosis in achondroplasia during infancy
Authors: White Klane K. , Bompadre Viviana , Goldberg Michael J. , Bober Michael B. , Campbell Jeffrey W. , Cho Tae‐Joon , Hoover‐Fong Julie , Mackenzie William , Parnell Shawn E. , Raggio Cathleen , Rapoport David M. , Spencer Samantha A. , Savarirayan Ravi
Published: September 2015

Achondroplasia is the most common inherited disorder of bone growth (skeletal dysplasia). Despite this fact, consistent and evidence‐based management approaches to recognized, life‐threatening complications, such as foramen magnum stenosis, are lacking. This study aims to outline best practice, based on evidence and expert consensus, regarding the diagnosis, assessment, and management of foramen magnum stenosis in achondroplasia during infancy. A panel of 11 multidisciplinary international experts on skeletal dysplasia was invited to participate in a Delphi process. They were: 1) presented with a list of 26 indications and a thorough literature review, 2) given the opportunity to anonymously rate the indications and discuss in face to face discussion; 3) edit the list and rate it in a second round. Those indications with more than 80% agreement were considered as consensual. After two rounds of rating and a face‐to‐face meeting, consensus was reached to support 22 recommendations for the evaluation and treatment of foramen magnum stenosis in infants with achondroplasia. These recommendations include indications for surgical decompression, ventriculomegaly, and hydrocephalus, sleep‐disordered breathing, physical exams and the use of polysomnography and imaging in this condition. We present a consensus‐based best practice guidelines consisting of 22 recommendations. It is hoped that these guidelines will lead to more uniform and structured evaluation, standardizing care pathways, and improving mortality and morbidity outcomes for this cohort. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sex, Ancestral, and pattern type variation of fingerprint minutiae: A forensic perspective on anthropological dermatoglyphics
Authors: Fournier Nichole A. , Ross Ann H.
Published: September 2015

Objectives

The majority of anthropological studies on dermatoglyphics examine the heritability and inter‐population variation of Level 1 detail (e.g., pattern type, total ridge count), while forensic scientists concentrate on individual uniqueness of Level 2 and 3 detail (e.g., minutiae and pores, respectively) used for positive identification. The present study bridges the gap between researcher–practitioner by examining sex, ancestral, and pattern type variation of Level 2 detail (e.g., minutiae).

Materials and Methods

Bifurcations, ending ridges, short ridges, dots, and enclosures on the right index finger of 243 individuals (n = 61 African American ♀; n = 61 African American ♂; n = 61 European American ♀; n = 60 European American ♂) were analyzed. The overall effect of sex, ancestry, and pattern type on minutiae variation was assessed using a MANCOVA. ANOVA was used to identify Level 2 detail variables responsible for the variation. Logistic regression was used to classify individuals into groups.

Results

The effect of sex is insignificant. Ancestry is significant (Wilks' λ = 0.053 F value = 2.98, DF = 4,224, P value = 0.02), as is pattern type (Wilks' λ = 0.874 F value = 2.57, DF = 12,592.94, P value = 0.003). The ANOVA reveals that bifurcations are responsible for the variation between ancestral groups, while bifurcations and ending ridges vary between patterns. Logistic regression results suggest that total bifurcations can predict the ancestry of an individual (ChiSq = 6.55, df = 1, Prob > ChiSq = 0.01).

Discussion

Significant minutiae variation between ancestral groups yields information that is valuable in both a forensic and anthropological setting. Am J Phys Anthropol 160:625–632, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The power–law relationship between citation‐based performance and collaboration in articles in management journals: A scale‐independent approach
Authors: Ronda‐Pupo Guillermo Armando , Katz J. Sylvan
Published: September 2015

The objective of this article is to determine if academic collaboration is associated with the citation‐based performance of articles that are published in management journals. We analyzed 127,812 articles published between 1988 and 2013 in 173 journals on the ISI Web of Science in the “management” category. Collaboration occurred in approximately 60% of all articles. A power–law relationship was found between citation‐based performance and journal size and collaboration patterns. The number of citations expected by collaborative articles increases 21.89 or 3.7 times when the number of collaborative articles published in a journal doubles. The number of citations expected by noncollaborative articles only increases 21.35 or 2.55 times if a journal publishes double the number of noncollaborative articles. The Matthew effect is stronger for collaborative than for noncollaborative articles. Scale‐independent indicators increase the confidence in the evaluation of the impact of the articles published in management journals.
Map of science with topic modeling: Comparison of unsupervised learning and human‐assigned subject classification
Authors: Suominen Arho , Toivanen Hannes
Published: September 2015

The delineation of coordinates is fundamental for the cartography of science, and accurate and credible classification of scientific knowledge presents a persistent challenge in this regard. We present a map of Finnish science based on unsupervised‐learning classification, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this approach vis‐à‐vis those generated by human reasoning. We conclude that from theoretical and practical perspectives there exist several challenges for human reasoning‐based classification frameworks of scientific knowledge, as they typically try to fit new‐to‐the‐world knowledge into historical models of scientific knowledge, and cannot easily be deployed for new large‐scale data sets. Automated classification schemes, in contrast, generate classification models only from the available text corpus, thereby identifying credibly novel bodies of knowledge. They also lend themselves to versatile large‐scale data analysis, and enable a range of Big Data possibilities. However, we also argue that it is neither possible nor fruitful to declare one or another method a superior approach in terms of realism to classify scientific knowledge, and we believe that the merits of each approach are dependent on the practical objectives of analysis.
Form‐ing institutional order: The scaffolding of lists and identifiers
Authors: Beynon‐Davies Paul
Published: September 2015

This paper examines the central place of the list and the associated concept of an identifier within the scaffolding of contemporary institutional order. These terms are deliberately chosen to make strange and help unpack the constitutive capacity of information systems and information technology within and between contemporary organizations. We draw upon the substantial body of work by John Searle to help understand the place of lists and identifiers in the constitution of institutional order. To enable us to ground our discussion of the potentiality and problematic associated with lists we describe a number of significant instances of list‐making, situated particularly around the use of identifiers to refer to people, places, and products. The theorization developed allows us to better explain not only the significance imbued within lists and identifiers but the key part they play in form‐ing the institutional order. We also hint at the role such symbolic artifacts play within breakdowns in institutional order.
Odor Semantics and Visual Cues: What We Smell Impacts Where We Look, What We Remember, and What We Want to Buy
Authors: Lwin May O. , Morrin Maureen , Chong Chiao Sing Trinetta , Goh Su Xin
Published: September 2015

The current research uses eye‐tracking technology in a consumer context to explore the interactive effects of olfactory and visual cues on consumers' eye gaze patterns. We manipulate the semantic correspondence between pictorial objects depicted in print advertisements and odors smelled (or not) while looking at the ads. The results indicate that smelling a scent that shares learned semantic associations with an object in the advertisement diverts consumers' eye gazes to the semantically related object in the ad, with positive downstream effects on advertising recall and purchase intent. This is the first study we are aware of demonstrating multisensory integration of odors and pictures on consumer eye gaze patterns with clear implications for consumer choice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interpregnancy interval and birth defects
Authors: Mburia‐Mwalili Adel , Yang Wei
Published: September 2015

Background

Interpregnancy interval is a risk factor for various adverse birth outcomes including birth defects. We investigated the relationship between interpregnancy interval and birth defects.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using linked data from Nevada Birth Outcomes Monitoring System and birth certificate data for 124,341 singleton live births, of which 4641 infants had 7192 birth defects, among Nevada resident women between 2006 and 2011. We used logistic regression to assess factors independently associated with birth defects.

Results

Women who had an interpregnancy interval of 36 months or more, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.33, were more likely to have an infant with a birth defect compared with women with an interpregnancy interval of 18 to 23 months. Other independent risk factors for birth defects included male infants, AOR = 1.34, 95% CI, 1.26–1.42; maternal age (30–34 years) and advanced maternal age (35 years and older), AOR = 1.10, 95% CI, 1.01–1.19 and AOR = 1.29, 95% CI, 1.18–1.42, respectively; being a Black woman, AOR = 1.46, 95% CI, 1.32–1.61; three and four or more previous births, AOR = 1.12, 95% CI, 1.02–1.23 and AOR = 1.24, 95% CI, 1.11–1.38, respectively; smoking, AOR = 1.23, 95% CI, 1.10–1.38; and prescription drug use, AOR = 1.14, 95% CI, 1.07–1.21.

Conclusion

A long interpregnancy interval is an independent risk factor for birth defects. It may be helpful for maternal and child health programs and health care providers to highlight the deleterious effects of a long interpregnancy interval. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:904–912, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Incidence, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Brock Clifton O'neill , Brohl Andrew Scott , Običan Sarah Gloria
Published: September 2015

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS) is a complex systemic disease with a wide variety of clinical manifestations. In the obstetric population, recurrent early pregnancy loss, fetal loss, and thrombosis are hallmarks of the disease. Patients with APLS have developed one or more pathogenic auto‐antibodies directed against plasma and cell surface proteins. These antibodies are characterized by their affinity for anionic phospholipids. Interactions between APLS antibodies and their protein targets influence a wide variety of biological systems and signaling pathways, including monocytes, platelets, the complement system, and endothelial cells. While much research is currently directed at understanding the mechanisms involved in this autoimmune disease, the key clinical presentation is the hypercoagulable state resulting in thrombosis occurring in essentially any arterial or venous location, as well as numerous obstetrical complications. Treatment of APLS is generally directed at preventing thrombosis and poor pregnancy outcomes by ameliorating the hypercoagulable state. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 105:201–208, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photoluminescence profiles and fast/slow annealing effects of Eu(III)/Tb(III)‐codoped silica phosphor materials
Authors: Yoon Hee Jung , Choi Young In , Kang Jun‐Gill , Sohn Youngku
Published: September 2015

A silica (SiO2) nanoparticle matrix was codoped with luminescent Eu(III) and Tb(III) ions using a modified Stöber method. The effects of fast and slow thermal annealing on photoluminescence profile imaging were examined. Slow annealing treatment suppressed more quenching sites than fast thermal annealing to further increase the photoluminescence signals. The photoluminescence signals observed between 450 and 720 nm were assigned to the 5D0 → 7FJ (J = 0,1,2,3,4) of Eu(III) and the 5D4 → 7FJ (J = 6,5,4,3) transitions of Tb(III). Photoluminescence was largely sensitized by indirect excitation and was much stronger than that generated by direct excitation. The Eu(III) and Tb(III) ions were doped at lower symmetry sites in the silica matrix. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning curve and outcome of laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration for choledocholithiasis
Authors: Zhu J G , Han W , Guo W , Su W , Bai Z G , Zhang Z T
Published: September 2015

Background

The best approach for cholecystocholedocholithiasis remains a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical aspects, learning curve and outcome of laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration (LTCBDE).

Methods

Patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with LTCBDE between January 2007 and December 2012 were identified from an institutional database. Data on preoperative investigations, intraoperative and postoperative findings were retrieved retrospectively from the patients' hospital notes.

Results

There were 399 women (56·4 per cent) and 309 men (43·6 per cent), with a median age of 58 (range 18–87) years. Microincision (incision of the cystic duct at the confluence with the common bile duct (CBD) with extension of only 3–5 mm at the lateral margin of the CBD) and lithotripsy were used in the transcystic exploration in 119 patients, and increased the success rate of LTCBDE from 74·2 to 91·0 per cent. The median duration of operation was 85 (i.q.r. 65–120) min and the median postoperative hospital stay was 2 (1–3) days. Retained common bile duct stones were observed in 13 patients, and postoperative complications developed in 27 patients. The cumulative sum duration of operation learning curve comprised two phases; phase 1 included the first 250 patients and phase 2 the remaining 458 patients. Duration of operation and postoperative hospital stay decreased with increasing volume per surgeon. Recurrence of common bile duct stones was diagnosed in 26 patients during a median follow-up of 4 years.

Conclusion

LTCBDE with or without microincision and/or lithotripsy is a safe and effective approach.