bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating Difficulty Order of Certain English Grammar Features in an Iranian EFL Setting
Authors: Dehghani Ali Panah , Bagheri Mohammad Sadegh , Sadighi Firooz , Tayyebi Ghasem
Published: November 2016

The English grammar is usually taught to undergraduate EFL learners in Iran during the first academic year. It may be supposed that they have acquired a good mastery of the English grammar as they are on the verge of graduation. At the same time, it may be assumed that some English grammar features are more difficult/less difficult than others for the EFL learners to master. This study, therefore, attempts to find out which English grammar features are more difficult/less difficult than others for Iranian undergraduate EFL learners. 125 Iranian undergraduate senior EFL learners took part in this study and responded to the English grammar test. Moreover, some experienced English instructors were asked to rate the difficulty of the given English grammar features. The data were collected and analyzed which revealed that some English grammar features were more difficult and some were less difficult than others for the EFL learners. The obtained difficulty order determined by the EFL learners and the one obtained according to the instructors’ perceptions were compared. Some similarities/overlaps and differences were found to exist in the rank orders of the features for the two groups. The findings of the study may be beneficial to syllabus designers, material developers, instructors and EFL learners.
Improving French Bean (PhaseolusVulgaris L.) Pod Yield and Quality Through the Use of Different Coloured Agronet Covers
Authors: Ngelenzi Munywoki James , Mwanarusi Saidi , Otieno Ogweno Joshua
Published: November 2016

French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is among important vegetables in supplying proteins, vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber to humans worldwide. Its successful production in the tropics is, however, constrained by abiotic and biotic stresses as the crop is predominantly grown in open fields. Netting technology has been proved successful in protecting crops against adverse weather and insect pests. Coloured net technology is an emerging technology, which introduces additional benefits on top of the various protective functions of nettings. Two trials were conducted at the Horticulture Research and Teaching Field, Egerton University, Kenya to evaluate the effects of different coloured agronet covers on growth, pod yield and quality of French bean. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with six treatments and four replications was used. French bean plants were grown under a white, blue, yellow, tricolour or grey net cover with open field production as the control. Variables measured included days to emergence and emergence percentage (%), stem collar diameter, plant height, number of branches and internodes, internode length and crop yield. French bean grown under the different coloured net covers showed relatively better growth and crop performance marked by more pods and higher total yields and percentage of marketable yields compared to those grown in the open field. Growing French bean under net covers hastened the rate of pod maturation more-so under the light-coloured colour-nets. Findings of this study demonstrate the potential of coloured net covers in improving French bean pod yield and quality under tropical field conditions.
As “ianes” do porão: análise morfo-pragmática das atuais construções X-iane
Authors: Andrade Katia Emmerick , Rondinini Roberto Botelho
Published: November 2016

Este artigo trata de aspectos relacionados à constituição de novas formações do tipo X-iane no português do Brasil, como ocorre em “falsiane”, “gordiane” e “sinceriane”, de uso recorrente, na atualidade, principalmente, em situações comunicativas informais e em gêneros textuais típicos do ambiente eletrônico. Tais palavras apresentam marcante característica predicativa, podendo ser parafraseadas como “pessoa que é X”. Em virtude das particularidades identificadas nessas construções, fundamentamos, prioritariamente, sua descrição por meio de abordagens teóricas relativas: (a) ao processo de Cruzamento Vocabular (GONÇALVES, 2006; ANDRADE, 2013); (b) ao conceito de splinter (ADAMS, 1973; DANKS, 2003; BAUER, 2005) e (c) à definição de sufixo (BASILIO, 1987; GONÇALVES & ANDRADE, 2012) para, em seguida, propormos uma formalização do fenômeno nos moldes da Morfologia Construcional (BOOIJ, 2007, 2010), modelo que permite uma análise unificada da formação de palavras complexas, compostas ou derivadas, por meio do estabelecimento de esquemas construcionais, a partir dos quais é possível delimitar a estrutura de palavras já existentes e o modo como novas palavras podem ser formadas.

 
Ilhas sintáticas e plausibilidade semântica – um estudo de rastreamento ocular de frases com lacunas preenchidas em português brasileiro
Authors: Maia Marcus Antonio Rezende , Moura Amanda Rocha , Souza Moíra
Published: November 2016

Este trabalho apresenta um experimento de rastreamento ocular em que se investiga o efeito da lacuna preenchida (ELP) em construções subjacentes e não subjacentes e em contextos semânticos de plausibilidade e de implausibilidade. Os resultados sugerem que configurações de ilhas sintáticas são percebidas rapidamente pelo processador, impedindo tanto a postulação do ELP, quanto a avaliação semântica de plausibilidade na seleção-s do complemento pelo verbo. Nas condições não subjacentes, o ELP se instancia e a avaliação semântica ocorre apenas posteriormente às decisões de análise sintática, não evitando o ELP, conforme predito pelos modelos de processamento  do tipo syntax-first. 
O sim e o não em pareceres de revista acadêmica – estudo das metafóricas interpessoais sob a perspectiva sistêmico-funcional
Authors: Cruz Osilene Maria de Sá e Silva da
Published: November 2016

RESUMO: Estudos revelam a importância de análises discursivas em textos acadêmicos, tendo em vista os temas tratados nas pesquisas e as instanciações presentes nesse gênero. Esta pesquisa analisa pareceres de artigos de uma revista científica de Linguística (RL1), tendo como embasamento teórico a perspectiva da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY, 1994; HALLIDAY e MATTHIESSEN, 2004), sobretudo a metafunção interpessoal e o conceito de metáfora gramatical. O corpus é constituído por 67 pareceres de artigos, organizados em três grupos: aprovados sem restrições (A), aprovados com restrições (AR) e reprovados (R). A investigação, de cunho qualitativo, identificou treze tópicos (aboutness) abordados pelos pareceristas: Análise, Argumentação, Bibliografia, Contribuição, Forma, Língua, Metodologia, Objetivo, Resultado, Resumo, Tema, Teoria e Título, que foram analisados na perspectiva da metáfora interpessoal, com avaliações predominantemente positivas no grupo de pareceres A e negativas nos grupos de pareceres AR e R. Os pareceristas indicaram correções e sugestões de mudanças no grupo de pareceres A, sendo as instanciações realizadas por metáfora interpessoal, como estratégia dos pareceristas de suavizar a crítica. O grupo de pareceres AR apresenta metáforas interpessoais, sobretudo quando os pareceristas sinalizam sugestões para correções. O grupo de pareceres R apresenta críticas negativas, principalmente, por meio de enunciados monoglóssicos, impedindo ou dificultando negociação entre o autor do artigo e o parecerista. Os resultados desta pesquisa trazem contribuições para estudos sobre metáfora gramatical e sobre o gênero parecer de revista científica, contribuindo, também, com a revista RL1, trazendo-lhe subsídios para melhorar ainda mais sua qualidade e prestígio.

Palavras-chave: Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional. Metáfora Gramatical. Metáfora Interpessoal. Pareceres. Escrita acadêmica.
Wetting and Drying of Colloidal Droplets: Physics and Pattern Formation
Authors: Chen Ruoyang , Zhang Liyuan , Zang Duyang , Shen Wei
Published: November 2016

When a colloidal droplet is deposited on a solid substrate at ambient condition, it will experience the processes of wetting and drying spontaneously. These ostensibly simple and ubiquitous processes involve numerous physics: droplet spreading and wetting, three-phase contact line motion, flow fields inside droplets, and mass transportation within droplets during drying. Meanwhile, the continuous evaporation of liquid produces inter- and/or intra-molecular interactions among suspended materials and builds up the internal stress within droplets. After drying, interesting and complex desiccation patterns form in the dried droplets. These desiccation patterns are believed to have wide applications, e.g., medical diagnosis. However, many potential applications are limited by the current understanding of wetting and drying of colloidal droplets. This chapter focuses on the complex physics associated with these processes and the pattern formation in the dried colloidal droplets. Moreover, potential applications of these desiccation patterns and prospective works of wetting and drying of the colloidal droplets are outlined in this chapter.
Estratégias de mediação para o conto e reconto de histórias para alunos surdos
Authors: Tenor Ana Claudia , Deliberato Débora
Published: November 2016

O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever estratégias de mediação em atividades de conto e reconto de histórias para alunos surdos. Participaram da pesquisa dois alunos surdos e suas respectivas professoras, sendo uma da educação infantil e outra do ensino fundamental, de um município do interior de São Paulo. A pesquisadora conversou e planejou em conjunto aos professores os contos que seriam trabalhados. As histórias foram adaptadas por meio Picture Communication Symbols (Mayer-Johnson, 2004) e utilizados fantoches, dedoches, dramatização e apresentação dos sinais em Libras. Foram empregados registro contínuo e filmagens das atividades desenvolvidas em sala de aula. Os dados dos registros foram incorporados aos dados das filmagens, foi feita triangulação e análise de conteúdo. Foram identificadas as seguintes categorias e subcategorias de análise: 1- Participação dos alunos: alunos surdos, alunos ouvintes; 2- participação das professoras: professora de educação infantil, professora de ensino fundamental; 3- modalidade de comunicação dos alunos surdos: oral- auditiva, visoespacial, bimodalidade; 4- estratégias de comunicação da mediadora: língua oral, comunicação bimodal; 5- recursos apoiados nos sistemas gráficos: suplementares e alternativos de comunicação, demais recursos. As estratégias de mediações e os recursos adotados propiciaram maior interação e a participação tanto dos alunos ouvintes como surdos dentro das atividades programadas. No entanto considera-se importante o ensino de Língua de Sinais aos alunos com surdez e a inserção do intérprete de Libras no contexto da sala de aula.
A PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA DA CLASSIFICAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL DE FUNCIONALIDADE INCAPACIDADE E SAÚDE PARA CRIANÇAS E JOVENS – CIF-CJ
Authors: Paiva-Alves Cristiane , Coppede Aline Cirelli , Hayashi Maria Cristina Piumbato Innocentini , Martinez Cláudia Maria Simões
Published: November 2016

A CIF-CJ constitui-se numa ferramenta com abordagem biopsicossocial da funcionalidade humana e incapacidade específica para o período da infância permitindo uma linguagem comum entre os profissionais que lidam com crianças com incapacidades. Objetivo: descrever como se configura os estudos científicos que utilizam a CIF-CJ nas bases de dados nacionais e internacionais. Metodologia: pesquisa exploratória e descritiva com abordagem bibliométrica. As buscas foram realizadas nas baeses de dados Bireme, Science Direct e Scopus; foi realizada leitura minuciosa dos estudos selecionados, preenchendo um protocolo com os principais dados de cada estudo; com o auxílio do Software VantagePoint®, as análises dos dados produziram indicadores: ano de publicação; autoria; formação dos autores; periódicos; delineamento dos estudos; principais temas abordados. Resultados: crescimento de publicações sobre o assunto nos últimos anos; a maioria dos estudos é de autoria coletiva; autores são da área de educação e saúde; o periódico que se destaca é o Disability and Rehabilitation; grande parte dos estudos descritivos tem como foco mapear escalas motoras e de desempenho infantil, programas de saúde e de educação ou patologias. Conclusão: os estudos revelam a importância do uso da CIF-CJ na prática clínica, porém não há estudos sobre sua viabilidade. Faltam instrumentos baseados nos parâmetros da CIF-CJ para avaliar o desenvolvimento infantil.
VESTIBULARES VÍDEO-GRAVADOS EM LIBRAS: UM NOVO MODO DE ACESSO AO ENSINO SUPERIOR FEDERAL?
Authors: Rocha Luiz Renato Martins , Lacerda Cristina Broglia Feitosa
Published: November 2016

O direito da pessoa surda à escolarização tem, ao longo das últimas duas décadas, impactado fortemente no crescimento de seu acesso ao ensino superior, antes restrito a uma pequena parcela da população. A vídeo-gravação de alguns vestibulares em Libras foi uma resposta às demandas da comunidade surda, que almeja a valorização de sua participação no meio acadêmico. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi investigar como os surdos que prestaram os vestibulares vídeo-gravados em Libras de duas universidades federais públicas, perceberam o atendimento às suas necessidades linguísticas. Para alcançar tal objetivo, lançamos mão da pesquisa qualitativa de natureza exploratória e descritiva e entrevista semiestruturada. Todas as entrevistas foram traduzidas e categorizadas, identificando divergências e convergências presentes nos depoimentos. Os resultados nos mostram que os surdos ficaram satisfeitos com a vídeo-gravação da prova em Libras de ambas às universidades, e apontaram possíveis ajustes a serem feitos no sentido de melhorar ainda mais esse tipo de prova. Porém, o ingresso efetivo de surdos nas universidades brasileiras é baixo, indicando a necessidade de lutar pela melhoria da educação básica para uma preparação mais efetiva desses alunos, atendendo assim, suas necessidades linguísticas, culturais e pedagógicas.
Jean Itard en clave de educación inclusiva
Authors: Lopez-Torrijo Manuel , García-García Francisco Javier , García Jesús López
Published: November 2016

Jean Itard ha sido valorado tradicionalmente como el padre de la Educación Especial. Un análisis de sus Informes de 1801 y 1807 sobre la educación de Víctor, el joven salvaje de L’Aveyron desde la perspectiva de la Educación Inclusiva  permite descubrir en él algunos rasgos significativos que ayudan a  considerarlo como un claro precursor de ésta. Tales son: su reivindicación del derecho a la educación de los más desfavorecidos y la aplicación de un programa de formación integral, así como de un plan de rehabilitación individualizado a partir de las capacidades, limitaciones, necesidades y aspiraciones del alumno. Sus aportaciones metodológicas adelantan algunas de las propuestas actuales de la educación inclusiva: importancia de la atención temprana, valor del trabajo interdisciplinar, la integración social del individuo como última meta de la educación.Pese al fracaso en su intento de ofrecer el habla a Víctor, las propuestas y reivindicaciones de Itard acerca del derecho de un joven salvaje a una educación atendida por administradores y científicos, y auspiciada por el propio gobierno son un claro precedente de algunas propuestas básicas de la Educación Inclusiva que orienta en la actualidad las principales Declaraciones Internacionales.
Clinical Factors Associated with the Non-Operative Airway Management of Patients with Robin Sequence
Authors: Albino Frank P. , Wood Benjamin C. , Han Kevin D. , Yi Sojung , Seruya Mitchel , Rogers Gary F. , Oh Albert K.
Published: November 2016

Background The indications for surgical airway management in patients with Robin sequence (RS) and severe airway obstruction have not been well defined. While certain patients with RS clearly require surgical airway intervention and other patients just as clearly can be managed with conservative measures alone, a significant proportion of patients with RS present with a more confusing and ambiguous clinical course. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical features and objective findings of patients with RS whose airways were successfully managed without surgical intervention.

Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of infants with RS evaluated for potential surgical airway management between 1994 and 2014. Patients who were successfully managed without surgical intervention were included. Patient demographics, nutritional and respiratory status, laboratory values, and polysomnography (PSG) findings were recorded.

Results Thirty-two infants met the inclusion criteria. The average hospital stay was 16.8 days (range, 5–70 days). Oxygen desaturation (<70% by pulse oximetry) occurred in the majority of patients and was managed with temporary oxygen supplementation by nasal cannula (59%) or endotracheal intubation (31%). Seventy-five percent of patients required a temporary nasogastric tube for nutritional support, and a gastrostomy tube placed was placed in 9%. All patients continued to gain weight following the implementation of these conservative measures. PSG data (n=26) demonstrated mild to moderate obstruction, a mean apneahypopnea index (AHI) of 19.2±5.3 events/hour, and an oxygen saturation level <90% during only 4% of the total sleep time.

Conclusions Nonsurgical airway management was successful in patients who demonstrated consistent weight gain and mild to moderate obstruction on PSG, with a mean AHI of <20 events/hour.
Sovietmečio atminties perkūrimas šiuolaikinėje kultūroje
Authors: Mykolaitytė Aurelija
Published: November 2016

Šiuolaikinė kultūra labai ambivalentiška: viena vertus, tai užmaršties kultūra, kuriai apibūdinti gali būti taikomas postistorizmo terminas, apibrėžiantis atminties negalimumą. Įsitraukiama į postmodernistinius žaidimus, tokius kaip Mariaus Ivaškevičiaus romane Žali (2002) ar Sigito Parulskio Tamsa ir partneriai (2012). Kita vertus, tai ir atminties pastangos, kurioms apibrėžti tinka „poatminties“ sąvoka, vis dažniau vartojama šiuolaikinių tekstų tyrimuose. Savo straipsnyje remiuosi būtent šia JAV Kolumbijos universiteto profesorės Mariane Hirsch įtvirtinta sąvoka.
Žaisliniai Vidutinės kaimo arkliukai
Authors: Blaževičius Povilas
Published: November 2016

Straipsnyje pateikiami nauji duomenys apie tradicinius XX a. Vilniaus krašto vaikų žaislus – arkliukus su pavažomis, Vidutinės kaime (Švenčionių r.) šiuos žaislus gaminusius meistrus, dirbinių gamybos technologijas, realizavimo vietas ir būdus. Publikacijos pagrindą sudaro interviu metu sukaupta informacija ir Žaislų muziejaus fonduose saugomų Vidutinės k. meistrų pagamintų arkliukų bei jų elementų analizė.
The Impact of Fair Value Accounting on Corporate Disclosure
Authors: Li Xinzi , Luo Ting
Published: November 2016

This paper examines the impact of fair value accounting on corporate disclosure after the implementation of the new accounting standards in China. We find that the frequency of management forecasts increases significantly for firms affected by fair value accounting. Further analysis reveals that this relation is more pronounced for forecasts issued after the fiscal period end and for forecasts conveying bad news. Our study provides new evidence about the economic consequences of the new standards. In addition, we explore the determinants of management forecasts from a standard-setting perspective, which contributes to the line of research on corporate disclosure.
ÉTICA, ESTÉTICA E POLÍTICA NA EDUCAÇÃO PELA INFÂNCIA
Authors: Pillotto Sílvia Sell Duarte , Silva Carla Clauber da
Published: November 2016

O artigo “Ética, estética e política na educação pela infância” tem o compromisso de levantar alguns pontos relevantes sobre uma educação pela infância. A ideia é iniciar com a reflexão do que entendemos por infâncias e os atravessamentos que permeiam a educação em seus aspectos éticos, estéticos e políticos. E nesse território quem é o professor que atua na educação pela infância? É um provocador de afetos? É um profissional que mobiliza a inserção das crianças em experiências sensíveis? Para que pudéssemos aprofundar tais questões, buscamos nos documentos oficiais – Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil (2010) e Base Nacional Comum Curricular (2016), esse último ainda em trâmite – quais os principais pontos destacados no que se refere à educação pela infância e se nas suas orientações apontam para o encontro de uma educação pelo sensível. Também trouxemos para a discussão alguns autores que permeiam o olhar do professor e da criança, habitando ideias sobre ética, estética, política, experiência, sentidos, afeto e educação: Alves (2014), Cassirer (1997), Cabral e Nick (1999), Deleuze (2006), Deleuze e Guattari (2010), Duarte Jr. (2010; 2002), Estévez (2003), Hillal (1985), Kohan (2008), Larrosa (2013; 2004; 2002), Leontiev (2000), Masschelein e Simons (2015), Maldonato (2012), Meira e Pillotto (2010), Passos, Kastrup e Escóssia (2014), Rios (2010; 2011), Sawaia (1992), Skliar (2014; 2003), Ostrower (1986), Taille, Dantas e Oliveira (1992), Wallon (1989). Portanto, este artigo tem como desafio, para além da reflexão sobre a temática apresentada, mobilizar nossas práticas educativas para a infância, em um tempo/lugar de sensibilidades.
O REPERTÓRIO MUSICAL E A AÇÃO PEDAGÓGICA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Bona Melita , Cabral Rozenei Maria Wilvert
Published: November 2016

O artigo discute os resultados iniciais de uma investigação realizada por um grupo de professoras da educação infantil do município de Gaspar / Santa Catarina. As professoras, formadas em Pedagogia são integrantes de um grupo de estudos do Projeto Formação Continuada do Programa Institucional Arte na Escola – Polo da Universidade Regional de Blumenau / FURB, que envolve Artes Visuais, Música e Teatro. A partir das práticas nas diferentes linguagens artísticas realizadas nos encontros, as professoras se motivaram a investigar o tipo de repertório musical e o modo como a música é utilizada nos espaços de educação infantil do referido município. A pesquisa foi realizada em 2014 e partiu do próprio grupo, que vinha enfrentando desafios para trabalhar com a música nos espaços educativos, tendo em vista a ausência da formação específica em música. Provocadas por questões como: a falta de conhecimento e desvalorização da música local, a reprodução da música de cultura de massa e a falta de conscientização de professores em relação à diversidade e à qualidade da música ofertada às crianças, as professoras decidiram diagnosticar e identificar a realidade da escuta musical e do uso da música na prática pedagógica. Os dados parciais apontam para a presença da música na rotina pedagógica das professoras como coadjuvante de muitas tarefas e afazeres, bem como, fragilidades na formação do professor, que desvelam a importância do processo de formação continuada.
Perfil de pacientes oncológicos que apresentam constipação intestinal durante o tratamento analgésico em uma casa de acolhimento ao paciente oncológico do Sudoeste da Bahia
Authors: Silva Kelle Oliveira , Silva Deborah Pinto da , Silva Patrícia Azevedo da , Souza Érika Pereira de , Santos Geysa Silva , Fontoura Maria José Santos Viana , Messias Gladistone Correia
Published: November 2016

Introdução: a dor é um dos principais sintomas dos pacientes oncológicos e seu controle é feito mediante o uso de medicamentos como
anti-inflamatórios e, principalmente, fármacos da classe dos opióides, estes últimos mais frequentemente associados à constipação
intestinal. Objetivo: descrever o perfil dos pacientes que fazem tratamento analgésico e apresentam constipação intestinal durante
o tratamento oncológico, em uma casa de acolhimento no município de Vitória da Conquista, BA. Metodologia: trata-se de um
estudo exploratório-descritivo. Os dados foram obtidos através de um formulário com perguntas referentes ao objetivo da pesquisa.
Resultados: 60 indivíduos participaram do estudo, 32 (53%) eram do sexo masculino e 28 (47%) do sexo feminino. As neoplasias
mais prevalentes foram câncer de mama (34%) e o câncer de próstata (22%). Dos entrevistados, 23 (38,33%) pacientes utilizaram
algum opióide para alívio da dor e 37 (57%) relataram não fazer uso de nenhum medicamento analgésico; dos 38,33% que faziam
uso de medicamentos analgésicos, 22 (36,67%) apresentaram constipação. Conclusão: a manifestação da constipação pode está
relacionada com o tratamento analgésico, como é o caso dos opióides utilizados para dor moderada ou forte que apresentam este
efeito adverso. Alimentos ricos em fibras, aliados a adequada ingestão hídrica e a prática da atividade física regular, bem como a
utilização de medicamentos laxantes podem amenizar os sintomas da constipação intestinal.
Single‐station automated detection of transient deformation in GPS time series with the relative strength index: A case study of Cascadian slow slip
Authors: Crowell Brendan W. , Bock Yehuda , Liu Zhen
Published: November 2016

The discovery of slow‐slip events over the past decades has changed our understanding of tectonic hazards and the earthquake cycle. Proper geodetic characterization of slow‐slip events is necessary for studies of regional interseismic, coseismic and postseismic deformation, and miscalculations can affect our understanding of the regional stress field and tectonic hazard. Because of the proliferation of GPS data over the last two decades, an automated algorithm is required to analyze the signals and model the deformation on a station by station basis. Using the relative strength index (RSI), a financial momentum oscillator, we test the ability to detect events of various sizes and durations. We first determine the statistics of the RSI under different noise conditions and then use this information as the basis for the automated transient detection algorithm by testing different synthetic signals. We then apply the technique to daily GPS displacement time series from 213 stations along the Cascadia subduction zone to form a record of transient deformation between 2005 and 2016. Our estimates of the spatial extent, duration, and propagation of major episodic tremor and slip (ETS) events are consistent with previous studies. We use the automated detections to remodel the displacement time series and obtain transient deformation rates over the past decade and discuss the tectonic implications. Finally, we analyze the correlation between transient detections and tremor showing good agreement between the two at slab depths commonly associated with ETS events.
Spectra of long‐term series for wind speed and wave height in the Indian Ocean area
Authors: Polnikov V. G. , Pogarskiy F. A.
Published: November 2016

The spectra of long‐term series of wind velocity and significant wave height were built in two domains of variability scales: from 1 day to 1 year (D1) and from 1 year to 15 years (D2). Surface wind data from the ERA‐Interim reanalysis in the Indian Ocean area for the period of 1979–2015 years, and wave heights simulated with the improved WAM model, were used for this purpose. In order to study the spatial variability of the spectral shapes, spectra of wind speed and wave height were calculated at two sections located along the meridians and three sections located along latitudes with a step of 3°. For the D1 domain, the existence of three ranges of variability scales (R1, R2, and R3) are shown in which both types of spectra have the well‐defined and visibly different power‐like slopes varying in dependence on the offset from the equator. The Navier‐Stokes equations were analyzed in order to design a theoretical interpretation of the spectral shapes features found in the D1 domain. For the D2 domain, no unified system of isolated frequencies has been revealed, which is expected for the entire Indian Ocean. Among the set of selected periods, the most stable one is the variability period of around 5.5 years. Results presented in this work are discussed.
Suzuki Coupling of Amides via Palladium‐Catalyzed C–N Cleavage of N‐Acylsaccharins
Authors: Wu Hongxiang , Li Yue , Cui Ming , Jian Junsheng , Zeng Zhuo
Published: November 2016

A palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of activated amides with arylboronic acids has been developed via C–N bond cleavage. This approach demonstrated high tolerance to a variety of alkyl, aryl, heterocyclic and vinyl substituents. Unsymmetrical ketones could be achieved in excellent yield under mild conditions with 1% catalyst loadings.

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Risk and Protective Processes Predicting Rural African American Young Men's Substance Abuse
Authors: Cho Junhan , Kogan Steven M.
Published: November 2016

Informed by a life course perspective, this study tested a cascade model linking harsh, unresponsive parenting during childhood to young African American men's substance abuse via precocious transitions, economic instability, and future orientation. The moderating influence of community disadvantage and romantic partner support on the hypothesized pathways was also examined. At the baseline, the sample included 505 African American men between ages 19 and 22 years from high‐poverty rural communities. Follow‐up data were collected 18 months after baseline. Using structural equation modeling, we identified harsh, unresponsive parenting influenced precocious transitions in adolescence, which in turn increased economic instability during young adulthood. Economic instability was associated with a reduction in future orientation, a proximal influence on increases in substance abuse. Also, residence in a disadvantaged community amplified the influence of precocious transitions on economic instability and the influence of economic instability on future orientation. Involvement with supportive romantic partnership evinced a protective effect, attenuating the influence of precocious transitions on economic instability and the influence of economic instability on a future orientation. This study expands understanding of young adults’ substance abuse by demonstrating the risk and protective processes linking substance abuse to developmental factors across childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood.
Selective Recognition and Quantification of 2,3‐Bisphosphoglycerate in Human Blood Samples by a Rhodamine Derivative
Authors: Sarkar Himadri Sekhar , Das Sujoy , Uddin Md Raihan , Mandal Sukhendu , Sahoo Prithidipa
Published: November 2016

A new chemosensing ensemble of an azo‐based rhodamine derivative (probe 1) with Hg2+ for a selective and quantitative detection of 2,3‐bisphosphoglycerate (2,3‐BPG), which shows a simple dual signal (color and “off‐on‐off” fluorescent change) in water, was developed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first known substituted rhodamine conjugate which has been demonstrated to recognize 2,3‐BPG in live cells within the detection limit of nanomolar range. A 1H NMR titration has been carried out to determine the nature of the interaction between the probe 1‐Hg2+ complex and 2,3‐BPG. The amount of 2,3‐BPG in blood cells, that changes during anemia, hypoxia or chronic lungs disease, could be easily measured using the fluorescence property of the probe 1‐Hg2+ complex.
Efficacy of phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors in juvenile Batten disease (CLN3)
Authors: Aldrich Amy , Bosch Megan E. , Fallet Rachel , Odvody Jessica , Burkovetskaya Maria , Rama Rao Kakulavarapu V. , Cooper Jonathan D. , Drack Arlene V. , Kielian Tammy
Published: November 2016

Objective

Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), or juvenile Batten disease, is a pediatric lysosomal storage disease caused by autosomal recessive mutations in CLN3, typified by blindness, seizures, progressive cognitive and motor decline, and premature death. Currently, there is no treatment for JNCL that slows disease progression, which highlights the need to explore novel strategies to extend the survival and quality of life of afflicted children. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger with pleiotropic effects, including regulating neuroinflammation and neuronal survival. Here we investigated whether 3 phosphodiesterase‐4 (PDE4) inhibitors (rolipram, roflumilast, and PF‐06266047) could mitigate behavioral deficits and cell‐specific pathology in the Cln3Δex7/8 mouse model of JNCL.

Methods

In a randomized, blinded study, wild‐type (WT) and Cln3Δex7/8 mice received PDE4 inhibitors daily beginning at 1 or 3 months of age and continuing for 6 to 9 months, with motor deficits assessed by accelerating rotarod testing. The effect of PDE4 inhibitors on cAMP levels, astrocyte and microglial activation (glial fibrillary acidic protein and CD68, respectively), lysosomal pathology (lysosomal‐associated membrane protein 1), and astrocyte glutamate transporter expression (glutamate/aspartate transporter) were also examined in WT and Cln3Δex7/8 animals.

Results

cAMP levels were significantly reduced in the Cln3Δex7/8 brain, and were restored by PF‐06266047. PDE4 inhibitors significantly improved motor function in Cln3Δex7/8 mice, attenuated glial activation and lysosomal pathology, and restored glutamate transporter expression to levels observed in WT animals, with no evidence of toxicity as revealed by blood chemistry analysis.

Interpretation

These studies reveal neuroprotective effects for PDE4 inhibitors in Cln3Δex7/8 mice and support their therapeutic potential in JNCL patients. Ann Neurol 2016;80:909–923
Trajectory of Approach of a Zinc–Hydrogen Bond to Transition Metals
Authors: Ekkert Olga , White Andrew J. P. , Crimmin Mark R.
Published: November 2016

Through a dramatic advance in the coordination chemistry of the zinc–hydride bond, we describe the trajectory for the approach of this bond to transition metals. The dynamic reaction coordinate was interrogated through analysis of a series of solid state structures and is one in which the TM‐H‐Zn angle becomes increasingly acute as the TM–Zn distance decreases. Parallels may be drawn with the oxidative addition of boron–hydrogen and silicon–hydrogen bonds to transition metal centers.
Lithium Germanate (Li2GeO3): A High‐Performance Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Rahman Md Mokhlesur , Sultana Irin , Yang Tianyu , Chen Zhiqiang , Sharma Neeraj , Glushenkov Alexey M. , Chen Ying
Published: November 2016

A simple, cost‐effective, and easily scalable molten salt method for the preparation of Li2GeO3 as a new type of high‐performance anode for lithium‐ion batteries is reported. The Li2GeO3 exhibits a unique porous architecture consisting of micrometer‐sized clusters (secondary particles) composed of numerous nanoparticles (primary particles) and can be used directly without further carbon coating which is a common exercise for most electrode materials. The new anode displays superior cycling stability with a retained charge capacity of 725 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 50 mA g−1. The electrode also offers excellent rate capability with a capacity recovery of 810 mAh g−1 (94 % retention) after 35 cycles of ascending steps of current in the range of 25–800 mA g−1 and finally back to 25 mA g−1. This work emphasizes the importance of exploring new electrode materials without carbon coating as carbon‐coated materials demonstrate several drawbacks in full devices. Therefore, this study provides a method and a new type of anode with high reversibility and long cycle stability.
Arenophile‐Mediated Dearomative Reduction
Authors: Okumura Mikiko , Nakamata Huynh Stephanie M. , Pospech Jola , Sarlah David
Published: November 2016

A dearomative reduction of simple arenes has been developed which employs a visible‐light‐mediated cycloaddition of arenes with an N‐N‐arenophile and in situ diimide reduction. Subsequent cycloreversion or fragmentation of the arenophile moiety affords 1,3‐cyclohexadienes or 1,4‐diaminocyclohex‐2‐enes, compounds that are not synthetically accessible using existing dearomatization reactions. Importantly, this strategy also provides numerous opportunities for further derivatization as well as site‐selective functionalization of polynuclear arenes.
Stereoselective Carbonyl Olefination with Fluorosulfoximines: Facile Access to Z or E Terminal Monofluoroalkenes
Authors: Liu Qinghe , Shen Xiao , Ni Chuanfa , Hu Jinbo
Published: November 2016

Terminal monofluoroalkenes are important structural motifs in the design of bioactive compounds, such as homeostasis regulators and mechanism‐based enzyme inhibitors. However, it is difficult to control the stereoselectivity of known carbonyl olefination reactions, and olefin metathesis is limited to disubstituted terminal monofluoroalkenes. Although sulfoximines have been used extensively in organic synthesis, reports on their use in carbonyl olefination reactions have not appeared to date. Herein, we report highly stereoselective carbonyl monofluoroolefination with a fluorosulfoximine reagent. The potential of this method is demonstrated by the synthesis of MDL 72161 and by the late‐stage monofluoromethylenation of complex molecules, such as haloperidol and steroid derivatives.
Double‐Helix Structure in Carrageenan–Metal Hydrogels: A General Approach to Porous Metal Sulfides/Carbon Aerogels with Excellent Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Li Daohao , Yang Dongjiang , Yang Xianfeng , Wang Yu , Guo Ziqi , Xia Yanzhi , Sun Shenglei , Guo Shaojun
Published: November 2016

The metal sulfide‐carbon nanocomposite is a new class of anode material for sodium ion batteries, but its development is restricted by its relative poor rate ability and cyclic stability. Herein, we report the use of double‐helix structure of carrageenan–metal hydrogels for the synthesis of 3D metal sulfide (MxSy) nanostructure/carbon aerogels (CAs) for high‐performance sodium‐ion storage. The method is unique, and can be used to make multiple MxSy/CAs (such as FeS/CA, Co9S8/CA, Ni3S4/CA, CuS/CA, ZnS/CA, and CdS/CA) with ultra‐small nanoparticles and hierarchical porous structure by pyrolyzing the carrageenan–metal hydrogels. The as‐prepared FeS/CA exhibits a high reversible capacity and excellent cycling stability (280 mA h−1 at 0.5 A g−1 over 200 cycles) and rate performance (222 mA h−1 at 5 A g−1) when used as the anode material for sodium‐ion batteries. The work shows the value of biomass‐derived metal sulfide–carbon heterostuctures in sodium‐ion storage.
Psychometric properties of a Norwegian adaption of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale‐11 in a sample of Parkinson patients, headache patients, and controls
Authors: Lindstrøm Jonas C. , Wyller Nora G. , Halvorsen Marianne M. , Hartberg Silje , Lundqvist Christofer
Published: November 2016

Objective

To assess the psychometric properties of a Norwegian translation of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS‐11) for use in populations of headache, Parkinson's disease (PD), and healthy controls.

Materials and Methods

The BIS‐11 was forward and backward translated by native speakers of both Norwegian and English to give Norwegian BIS‐11 (Nor‐BIS‐11). A convenience sample (110 subjects) of healthy controls (47), PD patients (43), and chronic headache patients (20) (the latter two recruited from a Neurology outpatient clinic), were asked to complete the scale (a subset twice for test–retest). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were done for a single‐factor model, the original three‐factor model and a two‐factor model. Test–retest results were analyzed using the Bland–Altman approach.

Results

The Nor‐BIS‐11 scale showed good utility and acceptability as well as good test–retest reliability in this sample. Cronbach's α was .68, test–retest bias was −0.73, Cohen's δ = −.134, and limits of agreement were −11.48 to 10.01. The factor structure was found to fit better with a two‐factor model than with the original model with three factors. The model fit indices indicated a moderate fit.

Conclusions

The Nor‐BIS‐11 scale is acceptable and reliable to use in Parkinson's disease patients, chronic headache patients, and healthy controls. The results should be interpreted in a two‐factor model but with caution due to low construct validity. External validity needs to be further tested.
Keep your eye on …
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2016

The lack of benefits of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for ASD

The importance of talking to terminally ill teens about prognosis

Irritability/tantrum differences in the community and the clinic
Formation Mechanism and Reversible Expansion and Shrinkage of Magnesium‐Based Homochiral Metal–Organic Nanotubes
Authors: Liu Min , Feng Jian‐Shen , Bao Song‐Song , Zheng Li‐Min
Published: November 2016

Two pairs of homochiral magnesium phosphonates, namely (R)‐, (S)‐[Mg(pemp)(H2O)2] (1) and (R)‐, (S)‐Mg10(pemp)10(H2O)10]⋅3 H2O (2) are reported (pemp2−=(R)‐ or (S)‐(1‐phenylethylamino) methylphosphonate). Compounds 1 show one‐dimensional tubular structures. The tube wall is purely inorganic, containing six‐membered rings made up of corner‐sharing {MgO5N} octahedra and {PO3C} tetrahedra. The organic groups reside outside the tube. A bottom‐up “direct growing” mechanism is proposed for the formation of the nanotubular structures of 1, based on the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry studies. Compounds 2 display two‐dimensional layered structures containing cross‐linked squashed nanotubes. Interestingly, the two structures can interconvert reversibly upon temperature and pH modulation. This is the first report of a metal–organic nanotube that can shrink and recover in a reversible manner.
Highly Conformationally Restricted Cyclopropane Tethers with Three‐Dimensional Structural Diversity Drastically Enhance the Cell Permeability of Cyclic Peptides
Authors: Matsui Kouhei , Kido Yasuto , Watari Ryosuke , Kashima Yousuke , Yoshida Yutaka , Shuto Satoshi
Published: November 2016

The conformation of cyclic peptides is closely related to their physicochemical and biological properties, but their rational design to obtain a conformation with the desired properties is difficult. Herein, we present a new strategy by using conformationally restricted cyclopropane tethers (CPTs) to control the conformation and improve the cell permeability of cyclic peptides regardless of the amino acid sequence. Newly designed cis‐ or trans‐CPTs with three‐dimensional structural diversity were introduced into a model cyclic peptide, and the relationship between the conformation of the cyclic peptides and their cell permeability was analyzed. Peptides containing a CPT exhibited conformational diversity due to the characteristic steric feature of cyclopropane, among which peptides containing a CPT, cis‐NfCf had remarkably higher cell permeability than peptides containing other CPTs—even superior to that of cyclosporine A, a known permeable cyclic peptide.
Enhanced Peroxidase‐Like Properties of Graphene–Hemin‐Composite Decorated with Au Nanoflowers as Electrochemical Aptamer Biosensor for the Detection of K562 Leukemia Cancer Cells
Authors: Liu Jing , Cui Meirong , Niu Li , Zhou Hong , Zhang Shusheng
Published: November 2016

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Hong Zhou and Shushen Zhang at the University of Linyi. The image depicts a graphene–hemin‐composite with Au nanoflowers as peroxidase mimic with enhanced catalytic activity for electrochemical aptamer biosensing. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201604354.
Hemodynamic‐guided heart‐failure management using a wireless implantable sensor: Infrastructure, methods, and results in a community heart failure disease‐management program
Authors: Jermyn Rita , Alam Amit , Kvasic Jessica , Saeed Omar , Jorde Ulrich
Published: November 2016

Background

The real‐world impact of remote pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) monitoring on New York Heart Association (NYHA) class improvement and heart failure (HF) hospitalization rate is presented here from a single center.

Hypothesis

Methods

Seventy‐seven previously hospitalized outpatients with NYHA class III HF were offered PAP monitoring via device implantation in a multidisciplinary HF‐management program. Prospective effectiveness analyses compared outcomes in 34 hemodynamically monitored patients to a group of similar patients (n = 32) who did not undergo device implantation but received usual care. NYHA class and 6‐minute walk testing were assessed at baseline and 90 days. All hospitalizations were collected after 6 months of the implantation date (average follow‐up, 15 months) and compared with the number of hospitalizations experienced prior to hemodynamic monitoring.

Results

Patients in both groups had similar distributions of age, sex, and ejection fraction. After 90 days, 61.8% of the monitored patients had NYHA class improvement of ≥1, compared with 12.5% in the controls (P < 0.001). Distance walked in 6 minutes increased by 54.5 meters in the monitored group (253.0 ± 25.6 meters to 307.4 ± 26.3 meters; P < 0.005), whereas no change was seen in the usual‐care group. After implantation, 19.4% of the monitored group had ≥1 HF hospitalization, compared with 100% who had been hospitalized in the year prior to implantation. The monitored group had a significantly lower HF hospitalization rate (0.16; 95% confidence interval: 0.06‐0.35 hospitalizations/patient‐year) compared with the year prior (1.0 hospitalizations/patient‐year; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Hemodynamic‐guided HF management leads to significant improvements in NYHA class and HF hospitalization rate in a real‐world setting compared with usual care delivered in a comprehensive disease‐management program.
Conformational Flexibility of Limonene Oxide Studied By Microwave Spectroscopy
Authors: Loru Donatella , Quesada‐Moreno María Mar , Avilés‐Moreno Juan Ramón , Jarman Natasha , Huet Thérèse R. , López‐González Juan Jesús , Sanz M. Eugenia
Published: November 2016

Monoterpenoids are biogenic volatile organic compounds that play a major role in atmospheric chemistry by participating in the formation of aerosols. In this work, the monoterpenoid (R)‐(+)‐limonene oxide (C10H16O) was characterized in the gas phase by Fourier‐transform microwave spectroscopy in a supersonic jet. Five conformers of limonene oxide, four equatorial and one axial considering the configuration of the isopropenyl group, were unambiguously identified from analysis of the rotational spectrum. The observed conformers include cis and trans forms, which are stabilized by a subtle balance of hydrogen bonds, dispersive interactions, and steric effects. Estimated conformational relative abundances surprisingly reveal that the abundance of the axial conformer is similar to that of some of the equatorial conformers. In addition, the potential energy surface was extensively explored by using density functional theory and ab initio methods.