bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy-efficient Techniques in SDN: Software, Hardware, and Hybrid Approaches
Authors: Verma Vikas , Jain Manish
Published: September 2024

In recent times, software-defined networking (SDN) has garnered significant attention due to its approach of separating the control plane from the data plane. This abstraction allows managers to have a centralized perspective on the network, which in turn enables them to control traffic flow and routing policies dynamically without configuring individual devices. The increased adoption of SDN has resulted in the need to optimize energy consumption without compromising network performance. Creating an energy-efficient solution presents a challenge due to the intricate process of finding the right equilibrium between network performance and energy conservation. This article examines various techniques for achieving energy efficiency in SDN and classifies them into three categories – software-based, hardware-based, and hybrid approach. These categories are further divided into their subcategory. Furthermore, a comprehensive exploration will be conducted to delve into the benefits and drawbacks of each energy efficiency approach, followed by an in-depth comparative analysis. The article also discusses the research issues and challenges associated with each technique. Finally, the paper provides future prospects for investigating energy efficiency approaches in SDN, which are expected to yield substantial benefits for upcoming researchers in this domain.
Method of Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) Extraction for Minimally Toxic In Vivo Applications
Authors: Nevado Jr. Jose , Abaca Mark Joseph , Santos Jerico
Published: September 2024

Although immunoglobulin (IgY) has therapeutic potential, extracts from conventional methods are generally parenterally incompatible. This present study aimed to design a method to generate an IgY composition in vivo administration. The proposed procedure incorporated the following modifications: delipidation using carrageenan, salt precipitation using sodium sulfate, desalting using gel filtration, and affinity chromatography using MgCl2 as a disrupting agent. Furthermore, specific IgY was generated against human histones (H3 or H4) or calf histones to demonstrate the maintenance of target specificity. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns showed increasing purity from crude to post-desalted samples. Affinity chromatography estimated specific antibodies in the crude extract at 3–8%. Using ELISA, specificity was demonstrated for plasma, serum, or bicarbonate buffer samples. No mortality was observed in Sprague-Dawley rats and BALB/c mice using OECD up-and-down limit protocol adjusted to wrote. LD50 was estimated at more than 500 mg/kg intraperitoneally and 300 mg/kg intravenously. Intravenously injected with limited doses, intraperitoneally in mice, and daily sublethal doses for up to 36 d. Curiously, nonspecific IgY – but not specific IgY – had a higher liver injury score than solvent alone for acute injections (P < 0.05). Thus, the proposed method of IgY isolation may offer a means for an IgY composition that can be compatible with both in vivo therapeutics.
Cat’s Paw: Tracking the Home Range of Domestic Cats in Mount Makiling Forest Reserve
Authors: Tenorio Frances Mae , Fernandez Desamarie Antonette , de Luna Maria Catalina , de Guia Anna Pauline , Balatibat Juancho , Baril Joselito , Aurellado Maria Eleanor
Published: September 2024

Domestic cats are known to impact wildlife populations negatively; thus, it is imperative to determine how they contribute to changes in ecosystems and to create preventive measures to counteract these impacts on wildlife. This study tracked five males and one female domestic cat inside the Mount Makiling Forest Reserve, Laguna, the Philippines, with GPS collars from November 2019–March 2020. Results showed that their average 95% minimum convex polygon home range is 51.62 ha, whereas their average 95% kernel density estimate home range is 81.27 ha. Male home ranges were larger than the female, but there was no difference between day and night home ranges. The various prey items taken home consisted of lizards, rats, and bats, which were mostly native or endemic to the area. The predation return rate was 1.1/mo for all cats. Our results showed that the cats were free-ranging through the forest reserve, which may potentially impact the protection measures practiced in the reserve.
Bacterial Communities on Degraded Prehistoric Rock Paintings in Maros-Pangkep Global Geopark
Authors: Haedar Nur , Iqram Muhammad , Ambeng Ambeng , Yusriana Yusriana , Priosambodo Dody , Lebe Rustan
Published: September 2024

391 Bacterial Communities on Degraded Prehistoric Rock Paintings in Maros-Pangkep Global Geopark Nur Haedar1*, Muhammad Iqram1, Ambeng1, Yusriana2, Dody Priosambodo1, and Rustan Lebe3 1Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245 Indonesia 2Archaeology Department, Faculty of Cultural Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245 Indonesia 3Indonesian Heritage Agency, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology, Jakarta 10110 Indonesia The Maros-Pangkep karst region is a natural landscape located inside the UNESCO Global Geopark, extending across two regencies in South Sulawesi. There are at least 135 prehistoric caves, of which about 78 of them still have traces of relics in the form of rock paintings. One thing that has made this region renowned is the presence of the world’s oldest ancient rock painting, ca. 40,000 years old, in an ancient cave. Unfortunately, many paintings have been experiencing degradation marked by color changes and exfoliation, which are thought to be partially caused by the colonization of bacterial biofilms. The present study, therefore, aimed to delineate the bacterial diversity of biofilms present in ancient rock paintings. Samples were collected from three different caves in the region and analyzed using Oxford Nanopore Technology, sequencing the full-length 16S rRNA gene (V1–V9 regions). The results showed that Firmicutes was the dominant bacterial taxon in both Leang Jing and Leang Parewe, representing 95 and 82% of the total bacterial community, respectively. In Leang Bulu Sipong, we observed a high relative abundance of both Betaproteobacteria (30%) and Firmicutes (44%). Among the taxa detected, some genera – including Cupriavidus, Bacillus, Lysinibacillus, Paenibacillus, Geobacillus, and Pseudomonas – are linked to the carbonate precipitation and rock weathering, which could give a clue on the role of bacterial activities in corroborating the biodegradation on the ancient rock arts. Despite the result of microbial diversity in the rock paintings, it is necessary to do further study on the mechanism of degradation performed by the bacteria. This will support the effort of local authorities to conserve local heritage aged a thousand years.
Bioprospection of Potential Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Compounds from “Secang” [Biancaea sappan (L.) Tod.]
Authors: Ariandi Ariandi , Manguntungi Baso , Mustopa Apon Zaenal , Sari Arlinda Puspita , Muis Nurmuliayanti , Wahid Masyitha , Amaliah Nur , Arifin Asia , Putra Nurdin Muh. Rizaldi Trias Jaya , Makerra Andi Dewi Riska Ainulia , Hidayah Nurul
Published: September 2024

One plant in the Sulawesi region that is utilized in traditional medicine is “secang,” which is the local name of the Biancaea sappan (L.) Tod. The use of its wood is in the form of decoction to be drunk every day because it has properties for maintaining the body's immune system. Secang tree – as a valuable medicinal plant – is also known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Analysis has revealed that sappan wood harbors a variety of bioactive compounds – including brazilin, brazilein, sappan chalcone, and protosappanin. However, its use is only limited to the use of the wood. Hence, this research aims to analyze the bioprospection of the secang plant using parts of the wood, fruit, and leaves in terms of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activity. The three parts of secang were extracted using ethanol solvent and then made into five concentrations – namely, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%. The antimicrobial activity test used five test bacteria – namely, Listeria monocytogenes, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella thypi, and Staphylococcus aureus – using the well method. Next, the DPPH antioxidant activity test was contrasted with the vitamin C control. The antidiabetic activity test used an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and compared with the acarbose control. The results obtained show that all samples can inhibit the growth of the five test bacteria from a concentration of 20–100%. Extracts of secang leaves and fruit have better antimicrobial and antioxidant abilities than secang stems. In the antioxidant test, the ability of the three extracts to bind free radicals increased as the concentration increased. Meanwhile, the antidiabetic test showed that the highest results were obtained from 40% secang leaf extract. Secang has shown promising medicinal properties and is an important resource in traditional medicine, hence warranting the exploration of its potential role as an important source of bioactive compounds for drug development.
Glucomannan Production and Calcium Oxalate Reduction in Porang Flour Fermentation by Yeast and Lactic Acid Bacteria in Minas, a Local Drink in Sinjai, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Masniawati, A , Johannes Eva , Yusran Yusran , Zainal Zainal , Mustopa Apon Zaenal , Manguntung Baso , Muis Nurmuliayanti , Putra Nurdin Muhammad Rizaldi Trias Jaya , Sari Arlinda Puspita , Ariandi Ariandi , Arifin Asia , Sari Dwi Ratna , Wahid Masyitha , Makerra Andi Dewi Rizka Ainulia , Ikram Fadhil Zil , Ilham Muhammad , Anggara Mietra , Anwar Muh. Chaerul , Syahrir Nur Hilal , Irlan Irlan , Ridwan Riana Anggraeny , Mutiara Ilma , Akmaliyah Rizna , Nurjannah Khurul Aini
Published: September 2024

650 This study investigates microbial biodiversity, with a specific focus on yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB), within Sinjai's local minas drinks. The primary goal is to characterize the microbial composition of minas and assess the potential of these microorganisms as starters for porang flour fermentation. This fermentation is carried out to improve the quantity and quality of porang flour, especially for enhancing glucomannan. The identification results from five isolates revealed the presence of two distinct LAB species, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Weissella cibaria, with a percent identity falling within the 98–99% range, hence indicating a close genetic relationship within each species. Molecular identification further identified two yeast types, Candida tropicalis and Pichia kudriavzevii, thereby demonstrating a high degree of similarity with a percent identity ranging between 98–99%. Analysis of the fermentation treatment indicated a glucomannan production range of 80–91%. Notably, the Pichia kudriavzevii + Leuconostoc mesenteroides + amylase treatment stood out, hence producing the highest glucomannan levels at 91.5%. Calcium oxalate levels in the fermentation treatment ranged from 0.03–0.08%, with the Pichia kudriavzevii + Leuconostoc mesenteroides + amylase treatment proving to be the most effective in reducing calcium oxalate levels to 0.32%. These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing porang flour fermentation processes, thereby emphasizing the significance of specific microbial combinations for enhanced glucomannan production and reduced calcium oxalate content.
Chitosan–Moringa Seed Powder Composite Films for Turbidity Coagulation
Authors: Chakraborty Soma , Montaño Jiara Laine
Published: September 2024

Chitosan, chitosan-moringa seed powder, and chitosan-moringa seed powder-bentonite composite films were fabricated by solvent casting method. The texture and the color of the chitosan films changed in the presence of moringa seed powder and bentonite. Moringa seed powder decreased the tensile strength of the films, whereas bentonite improved the tensile strength of the films when its concentration was below 15 wt%. All the films could efficiently remove turbidity from model turbid water – prepared by dispersing kaolin in water. A marked increase in turbidity coagulation was observed when moringa seed powder was incorporated into the chitosan film. Films with 15 wt% moringa seed powder could remove 73% in 3 h, whereas chitosan film alone removed 53% in 3 h. Further enhancement of turbidity removal efficacy was observed when bentonite was incorporated into the films along with the moringa seed powder. Films with 15 wt% moringa seed powder and 10 wt% bentonite removed 83 and 96% turbidity in 3 and 12 h, respectively. Furthermore, these films could be reused several times. The films with the above composition were tested for turbidity settlement for five cycles. In the 5th cycle, the films could remove 85% turbidity without undergoing any breakage.
Investigating the Impact of Work Life Balance and Work Environment on Employees’ Productivity Level- A Case of IT Sector
Authors: Rana Aiza Hussain , Butt Yusra Shahid , Butt Umar Zulfiqar
Published: September 2024

This research aims to assess how telecommuting influences the balance between work and life, productivity, and environment of individuals from various groups. It uses quantitative techniques to investigate the topic under study in more detail. The information, collected through an investigational tool, was supplemented through additional sources. A survey-based quantitative study was conducted, involving 152 participants who completed an online questionnaire. The findings shed light on the diverse impact of telecommuting on different age groups, revealing variations in satisfaction levels. These differences were examined across multiple dimensions, as detailed in the article. Conceptually, the research introduces a novel methodological approach and explores new concepts related to telecommuting's effects on employees, including work-life balance, productivity, and the telecommuting environment. Operationally, practically speaking, the research offers knowledge that can guide approaches that enhance worker engagement and happiness in a range of companies.
Beyond Access: Tackling Bullying to Ensure True Inclusion in Pakistan's Educational Landscape
Authors: Safdar Samina , Waqar Yasira , Anis Faisal , Muhammad Yaar
Published: September 2024

Though Pakistan has been making progress in the field of inclusive education, mere integration of diverse learners in regular classrooms does not mean inclusive education. This paper claims that bullying is one of the major factors that hinder the process of comprehensive educational inclusion in Pakistan. There are, however, many challenges that hinder the implementation of inclusive education, including social exclusion, discrimination, and bullying of disabled and marginalized learners despite policies that promote their integration into regular schools. This opinion paper assesses the current phenomenon of inclusive education in Pakistan and its relation to bullying. It examines how ignorance of society, unawareness, and insufficient training of teachers lead to schools that cultivate bullying, especially of children with disabilities or those from different ethnic groups. The paper argues that the idea of inclusive education cannot be said to be fully realized if the bullying issue is not tackled, given that victims of bullying are, in essence, excluded from the learning process. In order to address this problem, the authors suggest several measures: policy changes, implementation of extensive anti-bullying programs, increasing the level of teacher awareness and preparedness in diversity and inclusion, as well as community involvement. In this way, Pakistan can move from adopting education as a right on paper to the provision of quality education that is more than just enrolling students and ensuring that they attend classes but that learners feel protected, appreciated, and supported to excel academically. This paper thus seeks to generate further dialogue among educators, policymakers, and researchers on the importance of tackling bullying as a core component of the inclusive education agenda in Pakistan and, hence, towards the formation of a more equitable and inclusive education system.
When feeling positive is being “in the zone”: How challenge optimality causes changes in positive affect and flow
Authors: Fung Man-Chung , Jackson Christopher
Published: September 2024

Flow is a state of highly focused attention, associated with player loyalty (thus sought after among game designers). We investigate the link between positive affect (hereby PA) and flow experience. According to the literature, games should ideally induce PA in players and that this might induce higher flow in games at optimal challenge (challenge that matches the player’s skills). We, however, propose that PA and the flow state form a negative feedback loop, where PA could reduce future flow, depending on the challenge conditions. We conducted two experiments, with 144 and 338 university students as participants, respectively. The experiments showed that under the optimal challenge condition, current PA is negatively linked to future flow. Based on this, we propose that game designers should be cautious about the use of PA-inducing stimuli, as they might form a negative feedback loop with flow.
Cejch Zdeňka Šmída
Authors: Všetička František
Published: September 2024

Šmídův román jedná o Krušnohoří, o německém a českém obyvatelstvu této oblasti. Kompoziční osu prózy vytváří tzv. Polední kámen, závažný zejména pro Jakoba Schmelzera. Román je vystavěn na paradoxním principu, jehož součástí je i paradoxní motiv. Paradoxní ráz má zejména závěr prózy. Román je dále protkán prospekcemi a retrospekcemi, nemalou roli hrají i anticipace a synchronní moment. Cejch je dále prostoupen pověrečnou složkou v podobě záhadné, mytické postavy. Román Šmíd zarámoval obdobnou scénou. Tektonicky je dílo spřízněno s prózou I. Olbrachta a K. H. Máchy.
Смерть своих и смерть чужих в повести Гоголя "Тарас Бульба"
Authors: Krivonos Vladislav Šajevič
Published: September 2024

В статье рассматриваются особенности изображения смерти персонажей в повести Гоголя «Тарас Бульба». Главное внимание уделено соотношению пространственных сфер, в одну из которых включены православные казаки, а в другую поляки-католики. Предметом повествования и описания в повести становится гибель в войне за веру, которую казаки ведут с поляками. Автор доказывает, что занимаемая повествователем позиция этноцентризма, с акцентом на особой связи национального чувства с чувством конфессиональным, определяет его отношение к смертям действующих лиц, принадлежащих к разным пространственным сферам, как к смерти своих и смерти чужих. Изучается отношение казаков к смерти с точки зрения их системы ценностей как к смерти хорошей и смерти плохой. Показано, что повествователь изображает смерти поляков как один из моментов сражения, не имеющие такого событийного значения, как смерти казаков. При этом повествователь корректирует позицию этноцентризма, сочетая субъективное восприятие картин смерти с объективной оценкой происходящего.
Šintava a Sereď: premeny stredovekého hradu na renesančnú pevnosť a klasicistický kaštieľ : doklady vo svetle poznatkov z oblasti archeológie, dejín architektúry a pamiatkovej starostlivosti
Authors: Drobná Dominika
Published: September 2024

Článok sa zaoberá kaštieľom v Seredi a jeho genézou z pôvodného šintavského stredovekého vodného hradu, z ktorého sa v období tureckých výbojov v Európe stala renesančná pevnosť, a následne bol prestavaný najskôr na neskorobarokový, a vo finálnej podobe na klasicistický kaštieľ. Článok rozoberá a sumarizuje na jednej strane už známe poznatky nadobudnuté realizovaným archeologickým a pamiatkovým výskumom najmä v 80. a 90. rokoch 20. storočia, a na strane druhej prináša aj nové poznatky z nedávnych výskumov. V texte akcentujem tiež prácu občianskeho zduženia Vodný hrad, ktoré v priebehu posledných rokov manažovalo niekoľko čiastkových rekonštrukcií, vrátane niekoľkých výskumov, ktoré predpísal Krajský pamiatkový úrad v Trnave. Vyzdvihla by som najmä georadarový prieskum v roku 2009, reštaurátorský výskum v roku 2015 a najnovšie aj rozsiahly architektonicko-historický výskum, vrátane archeologického, ktoré boli realizované medzi rokmi 2021–2022. Aj vzhľadom na veľké množstvo objektov tohto architektonického typu na Slovensku, je kaštieľ aj napriek snahe OZ Vodný Hrad stále v žalostnom stave, podobne ako ďalšie kaštiele, ktoré sa štát snaží predať. Článok tak prináša komplexné poznatky v oblasti archeológie, dejín architektúry a pamiatkovej starostlivosti o objekte kaštieľa v Seredi.
Wachsein für Träume : Modalontologie und Hermeneutik bei Martin Heidegger
Authors: Vorlaufer Johannes
Published: September 2024

Der Beitrag möchte das Verhältnis von Wachsein und Träumen in fundamentalontologischer Hinsicht bedenken: Inwiefern kann das Wachsein für Träume das Existenzial der Möglichkeit erschließen? Haben uns Träume etwas zu sagen und was geben sie uns zu verstehen? Vor dem Hintergrund des langjährigen Gesprächs zwischen dem Psychiater Medard Boss und dem Philosophen Martin Heidegger soll die Zusammengehörigkeit von Modalontologie und Hermeneutik aufgezeigt werden.
End-to-end AI pipeline optimization: Benchmarking and performance enhancement techniques for recommendation systems
Authors: Ayodele Emmanuel Sonuga  , Kingsley David Onyewuchi Ofoegbu  , Chidiebere Somadina Ike  , Samuel Olaoluwa Folorunsho
Published: September 2024

End-to-end AI pipeline optimization is critical for improving the efficiency and performance of recommendation systems, which play a pivotal role in personalizing user experiences across various domains. This review explores benchmarking and performance enhancement techniques tailored to recommendation systems within AI pipelines. The objective is to streamline the processes involved in data ingestion, feature engineering, model training, and deployment to achieve optimal system performance and user satisfaction. Recommendation systems typically involve complex workflows that require continuous optimization. Benchmarking serves as a foundational step, enabling the identification of bottlenecks and inefficiencies within the pipeline. By establishing clear performance metrics, such as precision, recall, and latency, benchmarking allows for the comparative analysis of different algorithms, data processing methods, and system configurations. These metrics guide the selection of the most suitable models and techniques, thereby enhancing overall system effectiveness. Performance enhancement techniques are then applied to various stages of the AI pipeline. Advanced methods in feature engineering, such as automated feature selection and dimensionality reduction, can significantly improve model accuracy while reducing computational overhead. In the model training phase, techniques like hyperparameter tuning, gradient-based optimization, and distributed training are employed to accelerate convergence and improve model generalization. Additionally, optimization strategies at the deployment stage, including model compression, quantization, and the use of specialized hardware, are crucial for minimizing latency and resource consumption. This review also highlights the importance of continuous monitoring and feedback loops to maintain the effectiveness of recommendation systems in dynamic environments. By integrating real-time analytics and adaptive algorithms, systems can adjust to changing user behaviors and preferences, ensuring sustained performance improvements. In conclusion, optimizing end-to-end AI pipelines for recommendation systems involves a multifaceted approach that includes benchmarking, feature engineering, model training, and deployment enhancements. These efforts collectively contribute to more efficient, scalable, and accurate recommendation systems, ultimately leading to better user experiences and operational efficiencies. This paper will focus on optimizing AI pipelines for recommendation systems, covering the entire process from data extraction and feature engineering to model deployment and performance benchmarking. It will discuss techniques for identifying and mitigating performance bottlenecks in different computing environments, providing valuable insights for enhancing the efficiency of recommendation systems, which are crucial for various applications.
If the Free Will Defense Works, Then God Exists
Authors: Turner P. Roger ,   Evangelical Philosophical Society
Published: September 2024

The modal version of the ontological argument (MOA) for God’s existence is controversial, primarily, at its first premise, the premise that reads “possibly, there exists a maximally great being.” So, what’s needed is an argument for the possibility of a maximally great being, a being that is omnipotent, omniscient, morally perfect, has these properties essentially, and is such that it exists necessarily. Ironically, I think that such an argument can be found in the literature on the problem of evil, literature generally devoted to arguments against God’s existence. In particular, I argue that Alvin Plantinga’s “free will defense” (FWD) gives us such an argument. Moreover, since most philosophers agree that the FWD is successful, I argue that most philosophers should agree that FWD gives us a successful argument for the first premise of MOA. Thus, I argue that if most philosophers agree FWD is successful, then most philosophers should agree that God exists. There are several pressing objections to this line of reasoning that I consider in the paper. I argue that these objections fail.
Some Reflections on Rickabaugh and Moreland’s The Substance of Consciousness
Authors: Guta Mihretu P. ,   Evangelical Philosophical Society
Published: September 2024

This essay, will focus on Brandon Rickabaugh and J. P. Moreland’s discussion on emergent properties, thin particular hylomorphism, and the relevance of their book, The Substance of Consciousness: A Comprehensive Defense of Contemporary Substance Dualism, to advance the question that both philosophers and scientists ask regarding “strong artificial intelligence,” that is, whether computers will ever be conscious as technological devices as the programs that run on them get more and more complex.
Ontological Priority and Persons
Authors: Kelly Jon ,   Evangelical Philosophical Society
Published: September 2024

On hylomorphism and a concrete view of Christ’s human nature, a human person might be defined ontologically by a real definition. Per the definitions of hylomorphism and concretism, both views depend on a thick particular “human person.” I call the dependence between the person and its definition the principle of ontological priority (POP) and I analyze how POP affects the views given two theological puzzles, namely, the disembodied intermediate state, and, following Chalcedon, a single person in Christ. I find that the entailment of the thick particular is unfavorable for both hylomorphism and concretism. Consequently, their real definitions need to be redefined.
Duplicity or Discernment?
Authors: Little Sabrina ,   Evangelical Philosophical Society
Published: September 2024

Code-switching is the adjustment of one’s speech, behaviors, or appearance across various contexts. Sometimes we code-switch to adapt to the communication norms of different groups, and sometimes we code-switch from social necessity. In many cases, code-switching is not morally blameworthy. It demonstrates an agent’s discernment or practical wisdom in navigating various situations. However, not all cases of code-switching are compatible with a good moral character. Many cases of code-switching involve a kind of impression management or doublespeak that can compromise integrity. This article examines the conditions under which code-switching is duplicitous. More specifically, it explores code-switching regarding theological identity and plausible psychological and spiritual repercussions of code-switching for the agent.
The Analogy between Divine Forgiveness and Legal Pardon
Authors: Bock Gregory L. ,   Evangelical Philosophical Society
Published: September 2024

In “Divine Forgiveness and Legal Pardon,” William Lane Craig compares divine forgiveness to legal pardon, claiming that this is a “more accurate” way of thinking about God’s forgiveness because of God’s status as Ruler and Judge. Craig’s analogy is an admirable attempt to provide a biblical account of divine forgiveness, but the analogy is at best incomplete because God is not simply Ruler and Judge but also loving Creator and Father. A father does not pardon his children; he loves and forgives them. In this paper, I evaluate Craig’s analogy and relate it to the atonement.
Pelatihan Kepemimpinan dan Pendidikan Karakter untuk Guru dan Siswa di Sekolah Binaan Berbasis Game Edukasi
Authors: Permana Agus Aan Jiwa , Kertiasih Ni Ketut , Sindu I Gede Partha , Wijaya I Gede Saputra Wahyu , Setemen Komang , Pracasitaram I Gede Made Surya Bumi , Pageh I Made
Published: September 2024

Leadership training and character education for teachers in assisted schools is carried out to improve the quality of education through increasing leadership abilities and instilling character values. As educators and classroom leaders, teachers have a major impact on students' intellectual and moral development. Therefore, this training is designed to provide the skills and knowledge needed so that teachers can become leaders and shape students' strong character and integrity. This program includes leadership theory, effective communication techniques, conflict management, getting to know one's identity, as well as strategies for developing student character according to the independent curriculum. The approach used combines active learning methods such as group discussions and case studies, so that teachers can apply the concepts learned in real contexts. The main focus is on developing student character through values ​​such as honesty, responsibility, empathy and cooperation. This training can improve the leadership competence of school principals and classroom teachers, create a positive school environment, and produce the next generation with strong character and harmony. Students are expected to be able to have better character in the future in knowing themselves, culture, the environment and nationalist spirit.
Refleksi Keterlaksanaan PPL PPG Prajabatan Berbasis Lesson Study di SMP 4 Padang
Authors: Khairi Rahmad , Nofrion Nofrion
Published: September 2024

This research aims to analyze the reflection of the implementation of Lesson Study-based Pre-service PPG PPL in SMP 4 Padang. Using descriptive qualitative research methods, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results showed that the planning of PPL PPG was carried out collaboratively with a focus on preparing learning tools such as ATP and teaching modules that were aligned with the independent curriculum. Learning implementation was effective with the use of problem-based learning methods and interactive media, although there were challenges in classroom management. The presence of many teachers during the Lesson Study did not disrupt the students' learning process, and even increased their enthusiasm for learning. Reflection was conducted after the lesson to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies used and the level of student engagement. The problem-based learning approach proved to be able to increase students' participation and understanding, but there were still challenges in keeping the class conducive. This research concludes that the Lesson Study-based Pre-Service PPG PPL at SMP 4 Padang has run well, providing benefits for improving the quality of learning and developing prospective teachers' competencies, although there are still some aspects that need to be improved.
E-Counseling : Mobile-Based Specialization System in Vocational Schools
Authors: Permana Agus Aan Jiwa , Sudarma Made , Darmayasa Ngakan Nyoman
Published: September 2024

Many students who will continue their studies to the high school level are confused about choosing a major. This is because most students do not understand the majors at the vocational level, making it difficult for students to enter majors according to the talents and interests of each student. This research is a continuation of previous research that has developed web-based applications. With a majors specialization system using the Inventory Personal Survey Test model system which was built as a majors selection system at the SMK level, mobile access is needed to make it easier for students to access this service via an application on a smartphone.This system is designed using Android Studio and the database creation using MYSQL. The results of the specialization that has been carried out show that the system can be used to conduct online counseling and makes it easier for counselors to collect and analyze counseling results.
Relationship between Socio-demographic Nurses' Characteristics and their Knowledge Regarding Fall Prevention among Elderly Women
Authors: Mohammed Amal Abelazyeem , Hassan Hanan Elzeblawy , Ghanem Sania Said , Mohammed Salwa Ahmed
Published: September 2024

Background: The rate of measurement, risks of falls, fall among adults 65 and older caused over 36,000 deaths in 2020, making the leading cause of injury death for that group. In 2020, emergency departments recorded 3 million visits for older adult falls. Aim of Study was assess relationship between socio-demographic nurses' characteristics and their knowledge regarding fall prevention among elderly women. Research design: A descriptive design Setting: Outpatient Clinics at Beni-Suef University Hospital. Sample: A cross sectional sampling composed from 100 nurses. Tool: Self-administered Questionnaire consists of: (I) Personal characteristics of nurses, (II): Knowledge assessment sheet. Results:almost half of study sample (48.0%) range in age from 30 to less than 45 years old, 62.0% have good level of total knowledge about fall prevention among the elderly during hospitalization. Conclusion: A highly statistically significant relation between total knowledge of the studied nurses about fall prevention among the elderly during hospitalization and their age, Educational qualification, years of experience and training. Recommendation: Implement an educational program to improve nurses' knowledge regarding accidents especially falling in old women.
Hematological Parameters as Potential Biomarkers for Allergy and Eczema
Authors: Al-Jammaley Dua'a Kadhum Jawad , Al-Haidarey Mohammed Jawad , Al-Sabbak Haider Abdul Rasoul
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the association between hematological parameters, allergy, and eczema in a population from Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate, Iraq. Blood samples were collected from individuals with eczema, allergies, and healthy controls. Complete blood count (CBC) and serum IgE levels were analyzed. Results demonstrated significant variations in hematological parameters across different groups. Occupation, age, and disease status influenced these parameters. For instance, farmers exhibited higher IgE levels, while government employees had elevated WBC counts. Eczema patients showed age-related differences in blood parameters, with younger individuals presenting higher IgE and WBC levels. Allergy patients also exhibited elevated WBC counts, particularly in children. These findings suggest that hematological parameters may serve as potential biomarkers for allergy and eczema. However, the complex interplay between occupation, age, and disease status highlights the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and establish definitive diagnostic or prognostic value.
The Importance of Screening of Galactosemia in urine of Neonate
Authors: Ali Beg Karrar Abdil Aziz
Published: September 2024

Objectives: Galactosemia is metabolic inborn error occurred due to deficient activity in the enzyme incorporated in the metabolism of galactose sugar. Galactosaemia is a common cause of liver metabolic disease in period of childhood, it is important cause of newborn hyperbilirubinemia therefore the study designed to illustrate the Importance of Screening of Galactosemia in urine of Neonate. Materials and Methods: the study was done on the patients those attended to the Al-Rawan specialist laboratory in Najaf between January 2023 to June 2024. Forty tow patients were incorporated into our study. Tow milliliter of urine sample was taken from each patient to use in galactosemia rapid test in urine and tow milliliter of blood sample was taken from the same patient for the measurement of total serum bilirubin. Results: Forty-two neonatal patients divided according to the results of galactosemia rapid test in urine in to tow group positive galactosemia group 31(73.8%) and negative galactosemia group 11 (26.2%). The 31 positive galactosemia patients were involved into this study ; 15 were female and 16 were male. In comparison, there were 11 female and 0 male among negative galactosemia group. Also there was a high difference in the mean level of total serum bilirubin between positive galactosemia patients and negative galactosemia patients. The high rate of positive results of galactosemia recorded in age between 1day to 3month although there were no significant differences between age groups p-value 0.22. In this study the sensitivity of the test of galctosemia in urine was 93.75% and the specificity 80%. Conclusions: Galactosemia neonatal screening may protect infants from complications cause life-threatening if detected in early stages of life.
Assessing the Impact of Healthcare Quality on Facility Utilization among Rural Dwellers in Bauchi State Nigeria
Authors: Magaji Abdulbaqi Alhaji , Suleiman Shuaibu , Owolabi Rashidat Oluwabukola , Umar Maryam Dahiru , Ado Musa Abuhuraira
Published: September 2024

Rural areas in Nigeria, including Bauchi State, face significant healthcare challenge, with limited access to quality healthcare services. This study as aimed at assess the impact of healthcare quality on facility utilization among rural Dwellers in Bauchi State Nigeria. A cross sectional design was used for this study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select three local government areas from each senatorial district. A total of 1344 respondents were sampled for the study. The questionnaires were administered by the researcher and some research assistants. The reliability index as determined using Cronbach’s alpha test of internal consistency stood at 0.89. The data from the study were presented using descriptive statistics of mean and percentages for the research questions. The analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25. The results obtained showed that the quality of healthcare services influences the utilization of health care facilities by rural dwellers in Bauchi State. However, the r2 value of 0.29 indicates that the quality of healthcare services have 8% influence on the utilization of health care facilities by rural dwellers in Bauchi State. Therefore, the stake holders in the health sector, in collaboration with Government and healthcare workers should ensure that the quality of services offered in the health care facilities is improved upon. This will in turn encourage the rural dwellers to regularly visit healthcare facilities in Bauchi State Nigeria.
Genetic analysis of the parasite Giardia duodenalis in some infected individuals and understanding the genetic traits that affect its interaction with the host
Authors: Faieq Zahraa Ali
Published: September 2024

In this research, genetic data and characteristics associated with the Giardia duodenalis parasite were collected in order to understand its genetic characteristics and the way it interacts with the host body. The study was carried out by collecting 250 stool samples from people infected with the parasite in Baghdad City Hospital in 2023, with different symptoms due to the presence of different genetic pat-terns. Among infected people in multiple age groups, and testing samples by direct wet swab. Genetic patterns that affect the parasite’s interaction with the host and cause disease symptoms have also been studied. The results of the study indicate the presence of certain genetic patterns that affect the interac-tion of parasites with the host. Understanding these genetic traits enhances our understanding of para-site activity and the causes of disease development. Advanced genetic analysis techniques such as (PCR) and (PCR-RFLP) were used to determine the genotypes of the parasite studied. The results showed that genes doubled in 42 samples out of the total samples (21%), of which 24 samples con-tained genotype A (57.14%), 12 samples contained genotype B (28.57%), and 6 samples contained genotypes A and B. By (14.29%). Both genotypes A and B caused symptoms of fever and abdominal pain, and genotype B caused diarrhea symptoms to a greater extent in younger age groups, while geno-type A symptoms were similar in all samples and age groups. The results of this study potentially open doors to the development of effective, targeted therapies to treat and reduce the risks associated with this disease.
Improving Cognitive Performance with Board Activities in Older Adults
Authors: Puspitosari Aniek , Khaerunissa Putri Nabilla
Published: September 2024

Cognitive function decline is one of the problems that is often experienced as we age, and this has an impact on activities of daily living (ADL), social participation, employment, psychological conditions, and independence of pre-elderly and elderly. To maintain cognitive abilities, interventions in the form of cognitive activities are needed.  The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Monopoli Modified Board Game (Indonesian Version) on the cognitive abilities of pre-elderly and elderly. The method used was pre-experimental one-group pretest and posttest, with 28 subjects from the elderly community RW 8, Kemiri, Kebakkramat, Karanganyar. Data collection was carried out using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesian Version (MoCa-Ina) instrument, and the modified monopoly game was conducted in 8 sessions for eight weeks. The results showed that there was a significant effect of the Monopoly Modified Board Game on the cognitive abilities of pre-elderly and elderly, with a paired t-test value of Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.001, which means the p-value <0.05. The mean difference of 2.25 indicates an increase in cognitive abilities after the intervention. The majority of research subjects were female, with a pre-elderly age category of 53.5%, most were not working (60.7%), and had the last education at a low level (75%). The implication of this study shows that the Monopoli Modified Board Game (Indonesian Version) can be an effective alternative intervention in improving cognitive abilities in pre-elderly and elderly, so that it can help them maintain independence and a better quality of life.
Philosophy - Basic Notions, Volume 2
Authors:   Romanian Academy, Sfetcu Nicolae
Published: September 2024

A basic introduction to the world of philosophy, with answers to the deepest questions we all ask ourselves, through the lens of the world's greatest philosophers, from Plato and Confucius to modern thinkers. A guide to the fundamental nature of existence, society and the way we think. After an overview of philosophy, with the history of philosophy, branches of philosophy, philosophical concepts and philosophical schools and traditions, specific topics in philosophy are addressed, such as God (religion), good and evil (ethics), animal rights, politics (political philosophy), appearance and reality, science (philosophy of science), mind (philosophy of mind), and art (aesthetics). Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning such matters as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophical methods include questioning, critical discussion, rational argument, and systematic presentation. Classical philosophical questions include both abstract questions (Is it possible to know something and prove it? What is most real?) and more practical and concrete questions (Is there an optimal way to live? Is it better to be just or unjust? Do people have free will?) Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of approaching these problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and reliance on rational arguments. Other investigations are closely related to art, science, politics, or other pursuits. For example, is beauty objective or subjective? Are there many scientific methods or just one? Is political utopia a hopeful dream or hopeless fantasy? The main sub-fields of academic philosophy include metaphysics ("concerned with the fundamental nature of reality and being"), epistemology (about the nature and foundations of knowledge andits limits and validity), ethics, aesthetics, political philosophy, logic, philosophy of science and the history of Western philosophy. Many philosophical debates that began in antiquity are still debated today.
Ideological Cross-Currents in English Studies and English Education: A Report of a National Survey of Professors’ Beliefs and Practices
Authors: Dilworth Collett , McCracken Nancy Mellin
Published: September 2024

Reports on a survey that investigated significant differences within the English teacher community in terms of the beliefs and practices on key issues. Makes a contribution to a larger National Council of Teachers of English project to foster communication among disparate groups of English educators.
The Myths and Possibilities of a Co-Taught “Honors” English Class
Authors: Novack Rich , Jara Dawn
Published: September 2024

In this article, the authors challenge myths about honors classes in an effort to deliver “effective instruction” to all students, notably students in need of special education services, in a co-taught English class.
How Sara Got Her Voice Back: The Importance of Tentativeness
Authors: Nachowitz Marc
Published: September 2024

Sara’s story reports the effects of an experimental intervention applying knowledge building principles for learning, as well as the unanticipated improvement of literacy skills of students with IEPs.
Disrupting the “Norm” with Collaborative Strategic Reading
Authors: Boardman Alison G. , Moore Brooke A. , Scornavacco Karla R.
Published: September 2024

Using a case study of a seventh-grade language arts classroom, the authors describe an evidence-based approach to reading comprehension instruction, collaborative strategic reading, which supports all learners by changing the nature of learning and participation.
Teaching, Giftedness, and Differentiation: A Reflection
Authors: Kershen Julianna E. Lopez
Published: September 2024

In this series of candid reflective writings, a former high school teacher interrogates her teaching practice, students’ identity development, the giftedness label, and differentiated instruction.
The Long Hallway
Authors: Lange Petra , Adam Aza , Bruce Matthew , Cason Montgomery , Garcia Kathryn , Guerra-Ceron Ivania , Nhan My , Perkins Cheyanne , Waughtal Leah
Published: September 2024

A secondary English teacher and eight Advanced Placement Literature students examine the concept of stereotype threat to illuminate the difficulties that minority students experience in advanced classrooms.
Under Discussion: Teaching Speaking and Listening: Partner-Learning for Discussing Text
Authors: Shargel Rebecca
Published: September 2024

This column seeks to provide a forum in which we can lean on each other to investigate and improve the quality of our classroom discussion leadership.
High School Matters: Discovering the Guests at Gatsby’s Party
Authors: Quinlan Ann Marie
Published: September 2024

Members of the Secondary Section Steering Committee comment on topics of importance to English language arts educators.
EJ in Focus: Rethinking Research: Reading and Writing about the Roots of Gentrification
Authors: Christensen Linda
Published: September 2024

The author uses primary sources to help her students learn about the gentrification that displaced the African American community of Portland, Oregon.
Lights, Camera, Write: How Scene Writing Can Help Students Write in Multiple Genres
Authors: Masserman Darren
Published: September 2024

Scene writing can make writing seem less like a chore and more like an opportunity to express ideas, helping students realize they can be effective writers.—