bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN KINERJA KEUANGAN TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA PERBANKAN SYARIAH
Authors: Agustin Imaniar , Filianti Dian
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variabel-variabel spesifik yang memiliki pengaruh terhadap manajemen laba pada Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia periode Januari 2013 sampai Desember 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis regresi data panel, meneliti pengaruh Ukuran Dewan Pengawas Syariah, Ukuran Dewan Komisaris, Proporsi Dewan Komisaris Independen, Bank Size, dan Return On Asset (ROA) terhadap Manajemen Laba. Penelitian ini menggunakan data laporan tahunan Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Bank Umum Syariah yang terdaftar di Bank Indonesia periode 2013-2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, dan dari kriteria yang ditetapkan diperoleh 11 Bank Umum Syariah tahun 2013-2018. Hasil dari penelitian dengan model estimasi Random Effect Model (REM) menunjukkan bahwa variabel Ukuran Dewan Pengawas Syariah, Ukuran Dewan Komisaris, Proporsi Dewan Komisaris Independen, Bank Size, dan Return On Asset (ROA) secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap manajemen laba. Secara parsial, variabel Ukuran Dewan Pengawas Syariah, Proporsi Dewan Komisaris Independen dan Return On Asset (ROA) tidak berpengaruh terhadap manajemen laba, variabel Bank Size berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap manajemen laba, variabel Ukuran Dewan Komisaris berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap manajemen laba Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia.Kata Kunci: corporate governance, kinerja keuangan , dan  perbankan syariah. ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine specific variables that have an impact on Earnings Management in Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia from January 2013 to December 2018. This study used quantitative methods with panel data regression analysis techniques, examining the effect of Sharia Supervisory Board Size, Board of Commissioners Size, The proportion of the Independent Commissioner, Bank Size, and Return On Asset (ROA) on Earnings Management. This study used annual report data for Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia.  The population in this study were all Sharia Commercial Banks registered with Bank Indonesia for the period 2013-2018. This research used the purposive sampling technique, and from the specified criteria obtained 11 Islamic Commercial Banks in 2013-2018. The results of the study with the estimation model of Random Effect Model (REM) show that the variables of Sharia Supervisory Board Size, Board of Commissioners Size, Proportion of Independent Commissioners, Bank Size, and  Return On Asset (ROA) simultans affect earnings management. Partially, in the Syariah Supervisory Board, Proportion of Independent Commissioners, and Return On Asset does not affect earnings management, the Bank Size variable has a significant negative effect on earnings management, the size of the Board of Commissioners variable has a positive and significant effect on earnings management in Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia.Keywords: corporate governance, financial performance and sharia banking.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INCOME DIFFERENTIALS BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN IN URBAN AND RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA.
Authors: Owutuamor Zechariahs Benapugha , Ukpong Inibehe George
Published: July 2021

This study was carried out across Bayelsa State on the comparative analysis of income differentials between men and women in rural and urban households, to examine the level of income earned by women relative to that of men in rural homes and in urban/semi-urban homes, as well as make a comparative analysis between both. Structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data, using a modified multistage random sampling procedure, from each of 160 rural and urban homes, giving a total of 320 respondents across the eight local government areas (LGAs) in the state. Descriptive statistics, in the form of ranges, averages, totals and percentages were used to analyze data. Findings revealed that women earn an average of N708,335.00 in rural homes and N932,612.87 in urban homes, while men on the average, earn N1,234,828.13 and N1,406,031.25 in rural and urban homes respectively. Conclusively, across homes in Bayelsa State, men generally, with an average proportion of about 62%, earn more than women with 38%; Similarly, across the state, men in rural homes earn an average of 63.5% compared to women who earn 36.5%; while in urban Bayelsa, the proportions are 60% and 40% for men and women respectively. Thus, indicating that rural women earn less than urban women in both value and proportion, while rural men earn lower income but higher proportion of the total household income than urban men.
THE SHIFT FROM THE RURAL LIVELIHOOD IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM TO A MOVEMENT IN JAPAN
Authors: Tatsumi Kazuko
Published: July 2021

Rural communities have long endured poverty, and they continue to tackle the problems of depopulation, a declining birth rate, and an aging population in Japan. Some rural communities face a crisis of survival. The question of this study are how sustainable communities in rural areas are being created. This study examine the process by which rural women have transformed the Livelihood Improvement Program (LIP) into a movement. The process was to expand rural women’s activities to enable them to play an active role in their family, women’s groups, and their community. This expansion reflects the effects of the LIP in rural areas. The LIP was started by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in Japan in 1948 to develop self- reliant farmers. The women tried to find solutions to their problems using LIP approaches including problem-solving and the three-by-five cognitive method in group discussions. The LIP was a long-term program and officially ended in 2004. However, the LIP has been continued as a movement for the sustainable development of their community by the women. This study focuses on a case study at the community level involving an update of the LIP program in Yamaguchi Prefecture. The analysis is based on a literature review, secondary and historical data, and fieldwork carried out between 2004 and 2020. From a medium- to long-term viewpoint, their self-confidence improved and they became self-reliant famers. Now women in the older generations are creating employment opportunities through community businesses so that the younger generations may choose to remain in the rural areas in the future. There has been an increasing tendency for young people who moved to the cities to study or work to return to their hometowns. This study found that the most important aspects in susutainable community development are people’s initiative, identity, and pride.
Diversivikasi Tanaman Rosella (Hibiscus sadbariffa L.) sebagai Upaya dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan dan Ekonomi Masyarakat Desa Sumberdem, Wonosari, Malang
Authors: Suwadi Pujiyono , Fauzan Rifqi Dhiya , Yulianto Aam , Usman Arip Nur , Fauzi Ahmad
Published: July 2021

Bunga rosella dipercaya memiliki manfaat kesehatan yang cukup tinggi dan memiliki rasa yang unik. Dalam berbagai penelitian, bunga rosella dapat menyembuhkan berbagai macam penyakit dan mencegah berbagai penularan penyakit serta dapat digunakan sebagai pewarna dan pengawet alami pada makanan atau minuman. Namun, cara budidaya tanaman rosella sangat berpengaruh pada khasiat atau kualitas dan kuantitas dari produk yang dihasilkan. Sehingga diperlukan pemahaman tentang budidaya tanaman rosella kepada masyarakat. Saat ini di pasaran sudah banyak beredar produk teh bunga rosella, namun pemanfaatannya sangat terbatas. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam kegiatan ini adalah agar masyarakat mengetahui cara budidaya tanaman rosella yang baik dan benar serta mengetahui cara pembuatan sirup bunga rosella. Kegiatan pengabdian sudah dilaksanakan dengan metode penyuluhan dengan penyampaian materi tentang budidaya tanaman rosella, berbagai produk olahan rosella, dan terkait izin produk rumah tangga (P-IRT) serta motivasi IKM sedangkan pada sesi kegiatan demo, disampaikan tentang bahan-bahan dan tata cara pembuatan sirup bunga rosella. Kegiatan yang sudah terlaksana ini bermanfaat untuk menambah pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat khususnya ibu-ibu kelompok Dasawisma Rosella tentang budidaya tanaman rosella dan aplikasi tanaman rosella.
Optimalisasi Peran Masyarakat Dalam Mekanisme Pencegahan Infeksi Covid-19 Dalam Program KKN Melalui Program Pendidikan Dan Kesehatan Di Kawasan Kabupaten Kulonprogo Dan Bantul
Authors: Astirin Okid Parama , Ramadhan Diastama Anggita , Utomowati Rahning
Published: July 2021

Selama pandemi Covid-19 di mana setiap orang disarankan untuk melakukan physical distancing, program KKN di Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) ditetapkan oleh Rektor untuk tetap berlangsung dengan sejumlah penyesuaian. Pelaksanaan KKN dilakukan di lokasi tempat tinggal masing-masing dengan dibimbing oleh 1 DPL (dosen Pembimbing Lapangan) dengan penugasan  20 orang mahasiswa. Pelaksanaan KKN era Covid 19 dilakukan dengan beberapa metode. Metode yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa ada 2 macam yaitu metode secara daring, metode luring (namun tetap melakukan protokol kesehatan) dan metode penyampaian pesan melalui berbagai media tidak secara online (memasang poster, menyebarkan leaflet, memasang banner, memberikan penjelasan kepada masyarakat door to door). Secara umum, meskipun pelaksanaan dilakukan lebih banyak diselenggarakan daring, namun makna pembentukan karakter empati kepada masyarakat yang terdampak Covid 19 maupun lapisan masyarakat yang potensial menerima resiko tertular, dan memiliki peran startegis untuk membentuk karakter mahasiswa. Kegiatan ini memiliki banyak manfaat bagi masyarakat melalui berbagai bentuk bantuan oleh mahasiswa peserta KKN
Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan Terhadap Green Banking Disclosure dengan Mekanisme Kontrol sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Authors: Lugina Kurniawan Lulu
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of Financial Performance on Green banking Disclosures, with a control mechanism as a moderating variable. The control mechanisms used in this study are the Board of Commissioners, the Audit Committee and Public Ownership. The method used is content analysis of 21 items of Green Banking Disclosure based on the Green Banking Disclosure Index (GBDI) developed by Bose at al. (2018). Model Moderating Regression Analysis (MRA) using SPSS software. The population in this study were all banks listed on the IDX during 2017-2019 and reported Green Banking Disclosures respectively.  The results showed that financial performance directly had a positive effect on Green Banking Disclosure. Of the three elements of the control mechanism, only Public Ownership variables moderate the positive effect of Financial Performance on Green banking Disclosures. Meanwhile, the Board of Commissioners and the Audit Committee failed to moderate the effect of financial performance on Green Banking Disclosures. However, together these three control mechanism variables significantly moderate the positive influence of financial performance on Green Banking Disclosures in banking companies listed on the IDX during the study period.
Analisis Determinan Net Initial Return pada Perusahaan yang Melakukan IPO di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Ningrum Azizah Setya , Mahardika Dewa Putra Khrisna
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menguji variabel Current Ratio, Return On Asset, Offering, dan Reputasi Underwriter terhadap tingkat Net Initial Return pada perusahaan yang melakukan IPO di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2015-2019. Populasi penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 181 perusahaan, dengan sampel sebanyak 108 perusahaan atas pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan IBM SPSS 25 sebagai alat analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Current Ratio, Return On Asset, Offering, dan Reputasi Underwriter secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Net Initial Return. Secara parsial, variabel Current Ratio dan Offering tidak berpengaruh terhadap Net Initial Return serta pada variabel Return On Asset dan Reputasi Underwriter memiliki pengaruh signifikan dengan arah negatif terhadap Net Initial Return.
Deep learning-based structure-activity relationship modeling for multi-category toxicity classification : a case study of 10K Tox21 chemicals with high-throughput cell-based androgen receptor bioassay data
Authors: Idakwo Gabriel , Thangapandian Sundar , Luttrell Joseph , Zhou Zhaoxian , Zhang Chaoyang , Gong Ping
Published: July 2021

Deep learning (DL) has attracted the attention of computational toxicologists as it offers a potentially greater power for in silico predictive toxicology than existing shallow learning algorithms. However, contradicting reports have been documented. To further explore the advantages of DL over shallow learning, we conducted this case study using two cell-based androgen receptor (AR) activity datasets with 10K chemicals generated from the Tox21 program. A nested double-loop cross-validation approach was adopted along with a stratified sampling strategy for partitioning chemicals of multiple AR activity classes (i.e., agonist, antagonist, inactive, and inconclusive) at the same distribution rates amongst the training, validation and test subsets. Deep neural networks (DNN) and random forest (RF), representing deep and shallow learning algorithms, respectively, were chosen to carry out structure-activity relationship-based chemical toxicity prediction. Results suggest that DNN significantly outperformed RF (p < 0.001, ANOVA) by 22–27% for four metrics (precision, recall, F-measure, and AUPRC) and by 11% for another (AUROC). Further in-depth analyses of chemical scaffolding shed insights on structural alerts for AR agonists/antagonists and inactive/inconclusive compounds, which may aid in future drug discovery and improvement of toxicity prediction modeling.
VI preferential pathways : rule or exception
Authors: Clausen Jay , Moore D. , Cain L. , Malinowski K.
Published: July 2021

Trichloroethylene (TCE) releases from leaks and spills next to a large government building occurred over several decades with the most recent event occurring 20 years ago. In response to a perceived conventional vapor intrusion (VI) issue a sub-slab depressurization system (SSDS) was installed 6 years ago. The SSDS is operating within design limits and has achieved building TCE vapor concentration reductions. However, subsequent periodic TCE vapor spikes based on daily HAPSITE™ measurements indicate additional source(s). Two rounds of smoke tests conducted in 2017 and 2018 involved introduction of smoke into a sanitary sewer and storm drain manholes located on effluent lines coming from the building until smoke was observed exiting system vents on the roof. Smoke testing revealed many leaks in both the storm sewer and sanitary sewer systems within the building. Sleuthing of the VI source term using a portable HAPSITE™ indicate elevated vapor TCE levels correspond with observed smoke emanation from utility lines. In some instances, smoke odors were perceived but no leak or suspect pipe was identified suggesting the odor originates from an unidentified pipe located behind or enclosed in a wall. Sleuthing activities also found building roof materials explain some of the elevated TCE levels on the 2nd floor. A relationship was found between TCE concentrations in the roof truss area, plenum space above 2nd floor offices, and breathing zone of 2nd floor offices. Installation of an external blower in the roof truss space has greatly reduced TCE levels in the plenum and office spaces. Preferential VI pathways and unexpected source terms may be overlooked mechanisms as compared to conventional VI.
Evaluation of Amygdalin (B17) and Cucurbita pepo (Pumpkin seed) Activity Against Blastocystis from Diarrheic Patients in Baghdad, Iraq: in Vitro Study
Authors: Salman Saba S. , Ardalan Naksheen M.
Published: July 2021

Blastocystis is a ubiquitous human and animal protozoa that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. Metronidazole is considered the standard drug for the treatment of Blastocystis infection; however, there is growing evidence of treatment failure, hazardous side effects, and appearance of strains resistant to metronidazole. In the last era, many studies have been implicated in the quest for new treatments for Blastocystis infection, especially natural products. Attention has been focused on the effect of Amygdalin (B17) and pumpkin seed on eradicating parasitic infections. The current work was built up to explore the in vitro efficacy of two natural compounds, Amygdalin (B17) and pumpkin seeds against Blastocystis isolated from symptomatic patients. In vitro incubation of the parasite with B17 (200, 400µgmL¯¹), pumpkin seed (200, 400 µgmL¯¹) and metronidazole (100, 150µgmL¯¹) was counted at different periods (one, two, twenty-four and forty-eight hours) and morphological changes were evaluated using Light Microscope. Blastocystis detected from patients with symptoms was subtype 1. The B 17 and pumpkin seed demonstrated statistically significant (p<0.05) growth reduction of Blastocystis in culture. Such results showed the possible therapeutic effects of B 17 and pumpkin seed against blastocystosis as effective safe natural alternatives.
Retina Based Glowworm Swarm Optimization for Random Cryptographic Key Generation
Authors: Mazher Alaa Noori , Waleed Jumana
Published: July 2021

The biometric-based keys generation represents the utilization of the extracted features from the human anatomical (physiological) traits like a fingerprint, retina, etc. or behavioral traits like a signature. The retina biometric has inherent robustness, therefore, it is capable of generating random keys with a higher security level compared to the other biometric traits. In this paper, an effective system to generate secure, robust and unique random keys based on retina features has been proposed for cryptographic applications. The retina features are extracted by using the algorithm of glowworm swarm optimization (GSO) that provides promising results through the experiments using the standard retina databases. Additionally, in order to provide high-quality random, unpredictable, and non-regenerated keys, the chaotic map has been used in the proposed system. In the experiments, the NIST statistical analysis which includes ten statistical tests has been employed to check the randomness of the generated binary bits key. The obtained random cryptographic keys are successful in the tests of NIST, in addition to a considerable degree of aperiodicity.
Incidence and Prognostic Significance of Liver Metastases for Newly Diagnosed Ovarian Cancer in Relation to Subtypes
Authors: Zhu Ying , Zhang Yifang , Zhai Lingyun , Zhang Zhigang , Zhou Jianwei
Published: July 2021

Background: Ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous and aggressive malignant tumor, and the liver is one of the most common metastases target visceral organs of ovarian cancer. We aim to analysis the incidence and prognostic relevance of histological subtypes for patients with liver metastases in newly diagnosed ovarian cancer. Methods: In the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we identified the ovarian cancer patients from 2010 to 2016. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine whether histological types were associated with the presence of liver metastases at diagnosis. The Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox regression was performed to identify covariates associated with survival using the histological types.Results: Among 25293 ovarian cancer patients, 1749 cases presented with liver metastases. The incidence proportions were highest among ovarian carcinosarcoma patients (OR=17.76, 95% CI=9.26-34.09), and liver metastasis specificity was the highest in the clear cell type (70.69% of the metastatic subset). The median cancer-specific survival (CSS) for non-metastatic ovarian cancer patients was 77 months, but the ovarian cancer with only liver metastasis was 21 months. The mucinous (5 months; vs nonepithelial subtype, HR=0.26; 95% CI, 0.14-0.49) subtype experienced the shortest median survival among all histologic types.Conclusion: This population-based study provides that liver was one of the most common distant visceral organs for ovarian cancer metastasis, and the incidence proportions of liver metastasis were highest for carcinosarcomas subtype, and the mucinous ovarian cancer with liver metastasis being associated with the poorest survival.
The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Treatment Patterns
Authors: Li Jipeng , Zhao Meng , She Haicheng
Published: July 2021

Background: To describe changes in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgical procedures in Beijing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods:A retrospective cohort of RRD patients was analyzed. Patients were divided into the COVID-19 pandemic group and pre-COVID-19 group according to their presentation. The presurgery characteristics, surgical procedures, and surgery outcomes were collected. The potential factors related to the choice of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) or scleral buckling (SB) were analyzed using logistic regression. The differences in the procedure choice under specific conditions were compared. Surgery outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results:In the COVID-19 pandemic group, less patients received SB (27.8%, 41.3%, p=0.02) while more patients received PPV (72.2%, 58.6%, p=0.02); in patients who received SB, fewer patients received subretinal fluid drainage (45.4%,75.7%, p=0.01); in patients who received PPV, fewer patients received phacovitrectomy (7.0%, 21.0%, p=0.02). The choice of PPV was related to older age (1.03, p=0.005), the presence of RRD with choroidal detachment (RRD-CD) (2.92, p=0.03), pseudophakia (5.0, p=0.002), retinal breaks located posterior to the equator(4.87, p<0.001), macular holes (9.76, p=0.005), and a presurgery visual acuity (VA) less than 0.02 (0.44 , p=0.03). Fewer phakia patients with retinal breaks located posterior to the equator (1/28, 11/30, p=0.01) and fewer patients with chronic RRD and subretinal strand (1/9, 9/16, p=0.03) received SB in the COVID-19 pandemic group. More patients with improved VA (55.7%, 40.2%, p=0.03) in the COVID-19 pandemic group. The overall single-surgery retinal attachment rate was similar in the two groups (94.9%, 94.5%, p=0.99).Conclusions:During the COVID-19 pandemic, the main reason for the increased number of PPV in RRD treatment was that more complicated cases were presented. However, the surgeons were conservative in procedure choice in specific cases. The adjustments on RRD treatments leads to comparable surgery outcomes.
Relationship Between Tooth Loss and Sarcopenia in Chinese Suburban Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Wang Feng , Wang Jingru , Han Peipei , Liu Yuewen , Ma Weibo , Zhang Hui , Wu Ning , Sang Sijia , Xia Yining , Pan Jiangtao , Liu Yang , Xie Fandi , Niu Shumeng , Hu Hao , Wang Hongbing , Yu Ying , Guo Qi
Published: July 2021

Background: Both sarcopenia and loss of teeth are associated with aging. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential relationships between tooth loss and sarcopenia and components of sarcopenia, including declining muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance, in Chinese suburban community-dwelling older adults.Methods: The subjects were 1494 people over 60 years of age (average age: 71.64 ± 5.97 years；men, n=609) from Chongming District of Shanghai and Hangu District of Tianjin. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria were used to define sarcopenia. The three basic diagnostic components of sarcopenia (muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance) were assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer, a grip strength test, and a four-meter walk test, respectively. The subjects were divided into groups depending on self-reported loss of teeth. Results: After adjusting for confounding variables, we found no correlation between tooth loss and sarcopenia or muscle mass. However, the walking speed of female participants with at least 10 teeth lost was 0.059 m/s slower than that of participants with fewer than 10 teeth lost (P＜0.001), and grip strength was 1.577 kg lower among male participants with at least 10 teeth lost than among males with fewer than 10 teeth lost (P =0.023).Conclusion: Our results suggest that tooth loss is negatively correlated with muscle strength in males and average walking speed in females. These results are consistent with the importance of good oral hygiene in preventing declines of physical performance in older adults.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Contributes To The Decline in Doublecortin Expression in Immature Neurons in Mice with Long-Term Obesity and Memory Impairment
Authors: Nakagawa Kiyomi , Islam Saiful , Ueda Masashi , Nakagawa Toshiyuki
Published: July 2021

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) plays an important role in hippocampus-dependent function. The number of doublecortin (Dcx)-positive immature neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) decreases during aging and especially in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is further reduced in later stages of AD. Obesity in midlife is associated with dementia later in life; however, the underlying mechanisms by which obesity results in the development of dementia later in life remain unknown. Here, we show that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was activated in the hippocampus, and processes of Dcx-expressing immature neurons were shortened, coexpressing CHOP in APP23 AD model mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced long-term obesity as well as aged Leprdb/db (db/db) mice. Moreover, in differentiating cells from hippocampal neurospheres, Dcx mRNA was rapidly degraded via a microRNA (miRNA) pathway after thapsigargin treatment in vitro. These results indicate that loss of Dcx mRNA induced by ER stress during AHN may be an underlying mechanism of memory impairment in obese individuals later in life.
Recurrent Renal Tumor Thrombus in Inferior Vena Cava After Surgery: Surgical Management and Clinicopathological Features from a Large Chinese Center
Authors: Liu Zhuo , Li Yuxuan , Zhu Guodong , Ge Liyuan , Tang Shiying , Hong Peng , Zhao Xun , Zhang Shudong , Tian Xiaojun , Wang Shumin , Liu Cheng , Zhang Hongxian , Ma Lulin
Published: July 2021

Background: To summarize the surgical technique and clinicopathological features of recurrent renal tumor thrombus in inferior vena cava (IVC) after surgery.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of nine patients with recurrent renal tumor thrombus in IVC after surgery, who were admitted to Peking University Third Hospital between November 2015 and March 2021. Results: Among the nine patients, six patients (66.7%) developed recurrent tumor thrombus in the IVC after radical nephrectomy; two cases (22.2%) were recurrent tumor thrombus in the IVC after partial nephrectomy. One patient (11.1%) underwent partial nephrectomy first and radical nephrectomy for the second time. The recurrence of tumor thrombus in the IVC occurred after the operation. All the nine patients underwent open surgery for IVC thrombectomy. Eight patients (88.9 %) were operated smoothly. Among these eight patients, six patients (75%) underwent IVC segmental resection, and two patients (25%) underwent IVC thrombectomy. Another patient underwent IVC tumor thrombus exclusion. Median operative time was 380 (IQR: 338.5–540.5) min. Median estimated intraoperative blood loss was 1200 (IQR: 600–2250) ml. According to the modified Clavien classification system, one patient had grade I complications, three patients had grade II complications, and one patient had grade IVa complications. During a 20-months (range, 2-58 months) follow-up, tumor-specific death occurred in three patients and distant metastasis occurred in six patients.Conclusions: The operation of recurrent renal tumor thrombus in IVC after surgery is difficult. For patients with high-risk renal cell carcinoma, more close follow-up should be conducted after operation.
Effect of Problem-based Learning on Agreement of Severity Classification Results of Triage Nurses in the Emergency Department
Authors: Jang Kyeongmin , Jo Eunmi , Song Kyoung Jun
Published: July 2021

BackgroundProblem-based learning is a learner-led learning method that helps improve critical thinking, problem solving skills, and knowledge. It is necessary to confirm whether it can help to agree the severity classification results among nurses through problem-based learning.MethodsThis study had a single-group time series design to investigate the effect of problem-based learning led by triage nurses on the agreement of Korean Triage and Acuity Scale classification results for patients who visited the emergency department. We extracted 300 patients each in May and August 2018 before problem-based learning began and 300 patients each in May and August 2019 after problem-based learning. ResultsAfter problem-based learning, the length of emergency department stay decreased about 30 minutes, although the decrease was not statistically significant (p=.172). However, self-efficacy for the classification of emergency patients in triage nurses and weighted kappa coefficients were improved (p<.001).ConclusionIn this study, problem-based learning led by triage nurses improved the inter-rater agreement of Korean Triage and Acuity Scale classification results and self-efficacy of triage nurses. Therefore, problem-based learning led by triage nurses can contribute to patient safety in the emergency department by enhancing the expertise of triage nurses and increasing the accuracy of triage classification.
Comparison of GnRH Agonist, hCG, and Dual Trigger for Final Oocyte Maturation in ICSI Cycle. A Case Control Study
Authors: Mahmoudinia Malihe , Khadem Nayereh , khazaee Azadeh , sadeghi Tahere , jahanpak Nafiseh , Gholamianm Masoumeh , Mahmoudinia Mahbobeh , Mohammadi Seyed Ali
Published: July 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
What are the Ethical Approaches Used by Experts When Sharing Health Data? - An Interview Study
Authors: Johansson Jennifer Viberg , Bentzen Heidi Beate , Mascalzoni Deborah
Published: July 2021

Background: Health data driven activities have become central in diverse areas (research, AI development, wearables, etc.), and new ethical challenges have arisen with regard to privacy, integrity, and appropriateness of use. To improve data subjects’ privacy and security, we aim to identify ethically relevant issues experienced by experts in the data intensive exploitation area while collecting, using, or sharing peoples’ health data. Methods: Twelve experts, who were collecting, using, or sharing health data in different contexts in Sweden were interviewed. We used systematic expert interviews to access experts’ specialist knowledge. Thereafter, thematic analysis was used to identify categories and subcategories. The codes targeted ethical issues and approaches reported by the interviewed experts. Results: The main conceptual categories were ‘Consideration of the consequences,’ ‘Respect for rights,’ ‘Procedural compliance,’ and ‘Professional conduct.’ The respondents discussed and balanced different ethical approaches through several examples. They were morally sensitive to the problems involved in sharing health data. Conclusions: These empirical findings suggest a need for practical procedures that make it easier for data collectors and sharers to follow the ethical principles and laws relating to data sharing. We suggest that the time is now ripe to move on from policy discussions to practical technological solutions of the principles.
Clinical and immunological response to checkpoint therapy in renal cell carcinoma is associated with TCF1+ CD8 T-cells in the tumor
Authors: Carlisle Jennifer , Jansen Caroline , Cardenas Maria , Soierajska Ewelina , Moon Adriana Reyes , Greenwald Rachel , delBalzo Luke , Prokhnevska Nataliya , Kucuk Omer , Carthon Bradley , Mullane Patrick , Osunkoya Adeboye , Baumgarten Deborah , Hosseinzadeh Fares , Wilkinson Scott , Lake Ross , Sowalsky Adam , Liu Yuan , Master Viraj , Bilen Mehmet , Kissick Haydn
Published: July 2021

We investigated changes in T cell responses in the peripheral blood of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after receiving immunotherapy. We found that a small proportion of both CD4 and CD8 cells activate and express the proliferation marker Ki67 and the activation markers HLA-DR and CD38. Patients who had the highest increase in these HLA-DR+CD38+ CD8 T cells after treatment had the best anti-tumor response. We studied these newly activated cells in more detail using flow cytometry and RNAseq and found
that while these cells expanded in most patients, their phenotype did not drastically change during treatment.
However, when we analyzed the TCR repertoire of these HLA-DR+CD38+CD8+ T cells, we found only patients who responded to the treatment had a burst of new clonotypes enter this pool of activated cells. Finally, we investigated how the T-cell response in the resected tumor months or years before receiving checkpoint therapy predicted later response to checkpoint therapy. Together, these data suggest that having a strong pre-existing immune response and immediate T cell response to checkpoint therapy is a predictor of anti-tumor response in patients with RCC.
Low Expression of STING Promoted Endometrial Stromal Cells Invasion and Migration Via STING/IRF3/IFNb1 Pathway in Endometriosis Eutopic Endometrium
Authors: xu zhen , zhao hen , yue caixin , zhang lixia , li muzi , wang yuqing , du yanbo , yan lei
Published: July 2021

Background: Recent studies have confirmed that endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. In our previous work, we found that STING (stimulator of interferon genes) was differentially expressed in eutopic endometrium and controlled endometrium by proteomics.Method: we used the 11 pairs of samples to verify STING expression by WB and IHC experiments. We detected cells proliferation by EdU assays, cells invasion and migration by Transwell assays. The effect of signaling pathway in HESC was detected by WB and Elisa expreriments.Results: STING was significantly lower expressed in eutopic endometrium of endometriosis, while IHC results showed that STING was expressed in both stroma and glandular epithelium of normal endometrium, but in endometriosis, STING was mainly expressed in the stroma of eutopic endometrium, and mainly in glandular epithelium of ectopic endometrium. Further study on the role of STING on endometrial stromal cells showed that low expression of STING could promote the HESC proliferation by EdU experiments, invasion and migration by Transwell experiments. The effect of STING/IRF3/IFNb1 signaling pathway in HESC with low expression of STING was also reduced, mainly showed the decreased expression of phosphorylated IRF3 and TBK1, and the decreased secretion of IFNb1. In order to further study the effect of IFNb1, secreted by STING/ IRF3/IFNb1 signaling pathway, on stromal cells, we added exogenous IFNb1 to the HESC with low expression of STING, and found that IFNb1 could reverse the invasion and migration function of stromal cells, but little effect on cell proliferation.Conclusions: We clarified that STING expressed mainly in stromal tissues and lower in endometriosis eutopic endometrium compared to normal endometrium. Low expressed STING promoted stromal cells invasion and migration via STING/IRF3/IFNb1 signaling pathway.
Transcriptional Regulation of KCS Gene by Bzip29 and MYB70 Transcription Factors in Respond to ABA-Stimulated Wound Suberization of Kiwifruit
Authors: Han Xueyuan , Wei Xiaopeng , Lu Wenjing , Wu Qiong , Mao Linchun
Published: July 2021

Background: Our previous study has demonstrated that the transcription of AchnKCS involved in suberin biosynthesis was up-regulated by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) during the wound suberization of kiwifruit, but the regulatory mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Results: Through subcellular localization analysis in this work, AchnbZIP29 and AchnMYB70 transcription factors were observed to be localized in the nucleus. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assay proved the transcriptional activation of AchnMYB70 and transcriptional suppression of AchnbZIP29 on AchnKCS promoter. Furthermore, the transcription level of AchnMYB70 was enhanced by ABA during wound suberization of kiwifruit, but AchnbZIP29 transcription was reduced by ABA.Conclusions: Therefore, it was believed that ABA enhanced the transcriptional activation of AchnMYB70 on AchnKCS by increasing AchnMYB70 expression. On the contrary, ABA relieved the inhibitory effect of AchnbZIP29 on transcription of AchnKCS by inhibiting AchnbZIP29 expression. These results gave further insight into the molecular regulatory network of ABA in wound suberization of kiwifruit.
NADPH-dependent oxidation of CRMP2 through a MICAL1-Prx1 redox relay controls neurite outgrowth
Authors: Salas Clara Ortegón , Bodnar Yana , Uhlenkamp Dennis , Schneider Katharina , Knaup Lara , Deponte Marcel , Berndt Carsten , Lillig Christopher , Gellert Manuela
Published: July 2021

CRMP2/DPYL2 is an effector protein in the semaphorin signaling pathway that controls cytoskeletal dynamics, linking extracellular signals to the formation of axonal networks.
CRMP2 is regulated by post-translational modifications including a dithiol-disulfide redox switch.
The mechanisms of reduction of this switch were established, the signal-induced oxidation, however, remained unclear. Here, we show that CRMP2 is oxidized through a redox relay involving the flavin-mooxygenase MICAL1 and the peroxidase Prx1 as specific signal transducers.
Using molecular oxygen and electrons provided by NADPH, MICAL produces hydrogen peroxide and specifically oxidizes Prx1 through direct interactions between the proteins. Subsequently, Prx1 oxidizes CRMP2. The lack of any components of this redox relay dysregulates neurite outgrowth. Consequently, both oxidation and reduction of CRMP2 require reducing equivalents in the form of NADPH.
The Effect of Early Rescue ICSI and Split IVF-ICSI in Preventing Low Fertilization Rate During the First ART Cycle: A Real-world Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Dongzi , Jiang Linlin , Qian Yifan , Chen Xiaoli , Ji Xiaohui , Ou Songbang , Li Ruiqi , Li Yu
Published: July 2021

BackgroundShort gamete coincubation in in vitro fertilization (IVF-S) combined with early rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection (R-ICSI) and split IVF-ICSI insemination, are two methods to prevent unpredicted low or failed fertilization. This study aimed to determine the utility of IVF-S combined with R-ICSI and split IVF-ICSI during the first assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycle.Patients and methodsA single-center retrospective cohort study based on real-world data. Couples with a high risk of low IVF fertilization during the first ART cycle underwent IVF-S with R-ICSI (n=191) or split IVF-ICSI (n=775). Fertilization rate, embryo quality, and clinical outcomes were measured.ResultsAfter propensity score matching, we included 188 couples in the IVF-S with R-ICSI group as Group 1 and 720 in the split IVF-ICSI group as Group 2, with low IVF fertilization rates of 4.79% and 9.03%, respectively. Normal fertilization rates were similar in the two groups; however, Group1 had a higher multiple pronuclei rate (10.42% vs. 4.50%, P <0.001). The groups were similar for rates of high-quality embryos, blastocyst formation rate, embryo implantation, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, loss to follow-up, and live birth. Low fertilization following IVF occurred in nine couples in Group 1 with 47 MII oocytes performed R-ICSI and 65 in Group 2 with 331 MII oocytes performed ICSI. Similar fertilization rate, embryo development, and clinical outcomes were noted in two groups with low fertilization.ConclusionsIVF-S with early R-ICSI and split IVF-ICSI were effective strategies in preventing IVF fertilization failure or low fertilization rate in couples with high-risk factors. IVF-S with early R-ICSI could become the preferred approach because of its advantages-fewer ICSI procedures, similar clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate.
Amplification, Copy Number Variation, Expression and Association of Non-synonymous SNP of Bovine Beta-defensin 129 Gene With Distinct Fertility of Cattle Bull
Authors: Solanki Subhash Singh , Kashyap Poonam , Vats Ashutosh , Kumar Vijay , Pukhrambam Martina , De Sachinandan , Kumar Rakesh , Datta Tirtha Kumar
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe male reproductive specific class-A β-defensins are adsorbed on sperm surface and enrich sperm functioning thus considered vital for maintaining male fertility. The primate DEFB129 play role in sperm maturation, motility, and fertilization but its contribution to bovine fertility is still unexplored. MethodRLM-RACE and RT-qPCR approaches were used to characterize and expression analysis of Indian cattle BBD129 gene. The polymorphism analysis of the BBD129 gene was done by PCR, sequencing, and absolute RT-qPCR on sperm gDNA from distinct fertility cattle bulls. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to understand the structural and functional implications of SNP on BBD129 protein. ResultsThe complete coding sequence of the BBD129 gene consists of 582 bp mRNA including UTRs and conserves all beta-defensin-like characteristics. Sequencing results revealed two conserved non-synonymous T169G (rs378737321, S57A) and A329G (rs383285978, N110S) SNPs in the functional protein-coding exon. Based on SNP position and linkage, BBD129 gene haplotypes were categorized into four groups: TA haplotype (169T & 329A), GA haplotype (T169G polymorphism), TG haplotype (A329G polymorphism), and GG haplotype (when T169G & A329G polymorphisms present together). The frequencies distributions of BBD129 haplotypes in the high fertile group (n=105 clones) were: TA (71.42%), GA (1.90%), TG (2.8%), and GG (24.76%), while in the low fertile group of bulls, the frequencies distributions of observed BBD129 haplotypes (n=149 clones) were: TA (36.24%), GA (0%), TG (2.68%), and GG (61.07%). The distributions of TA haplotype were majorly distributed in bulls with a high conception rate (P=0.5256) while double mutated GG haplotype was significantly more abundant in bulls with a lower conception rate (P=0.0001). BBD129 exist as a single-copy gene in the bovine genome and found higher expression in the corpus-epididymis region. Bioinformatic analyses found nsSNPs as neutral and non-deleterious but their structural-distorter could result in altered mRNA secondary structure, protein conformations decreased protein stability, and compromised biological functionalities. The polymorphisms resulted in altered O-glycosylations (deletion S57A and insertion N110S) and an increase in phosphorylations (52T-Threonine and 110S-Serine) post-translational-modifications. ConclusionBBD129 gene polymorphism could be associated with the fertility performance of cattle bulls.
The Contrast Agent Pooling (C.A.P.) Sign and Imminent Cardiac Arrest: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Lee Yu-Husan , Chen Jiashan , Chen Po-An , Sun Jen-Tang , Kang Bo-Hwi , Chu Sheng-En , Fan Chieh-Min , Tsai Kuang-Chau , Sim Shyh-Shyong
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe sign of contrast agent pooling (C.A.P.) in dependent part of the venous system were reported in some case reports, which happened in the patients before sudden cardiac arrest. Until now, there is no solid evidence enough to address the importance of the sign. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of the C.A.P. sign in predicting imminent cardiac arrest and the association of the C.A.P. sign with patient’s survival.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study. The study included 128 patients who visited the emergency department of Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, who received contrast computed tomography (CT) scan and then experienced cardiac arrest at the emergency department (from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018). With positive C.A.P. sign, the primary outcome is whether in-hospital cardiac arrest happens within an hour; the secondary outcome is survival to discharge.ResultsIn the study, 8.6% (N=11) patients had positive C.A.P. sign and 91.4% (N=117) patients did not. The accuracy of C.A.P. sign in predicting cardiac arrest within 1 hour is 85.94%. The C.A.P. sign had a positive association with IHCA within 1 hour after the CT scan (adjusted odds ratio 11.60, 95% conﬁdence interval [CI] 1.97 – 68.20). The odd ration of survival to discharge is 0.0081 with positive C.A.P. sign (95% CI 0.00697 – 2.188).ConclusionThe C.A.P. sign can be considered as an alarm for imminent cardiac arrest and poor prognosis. The patients with positive C.A.P. sign were more likely to experience imminent cardiac arrest; in contrast, less likely to survive. Trial registrationThe study was approved by our institutional ethical committee (IRB No.108107-E).
Implementation of Six Sigma Method To Improve Hospital Discharge Process: A Before-And- After Study With The Control Group In A Large Hospital
Authors: Fazaeli Somayeh , Yousefi Mehdi , Dokht Mohadeseh Sabethoseini , Heidarian Hamidreza
Published: July 2021

Background: Delayed hospital discharge is a complex process that can impact hospital and service delivery capacity. The improvement of this process requires structural reforms and coordination with different wards, individuals, and the hospital.The present study aimed to use the Six Sigma method to reduce hospital discharge time. Methods: This pre-post study was conducted based on an experimental design from 2016 to 2020. A series of Six Sigma-driven interventions based on the Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) cycle was employed in a 1,000 bed tertiary care hospital to decrease discharge waiting time. Two wards in the hospital were allocated to the intervention and control groups. Three months of pre-intervention data were compared with 16 months of post-intervention in each group. The data were analyzed in Stata software (version 14.1). The level of statistical significance was set at 0.000.Results: There was a significant difference (P<0.000) between pre and post-intervention, as well as experimental and control groups. The discharge time points in the intervention and control groups before the intervention were reported as 438 and 411 min, respectively. After the intervention, the discharge time reached 246 min (3.20 h decrease) in the intervention group (P<0.000) and 475 min in the control group (P<0.574). The waiting time in stations 2, 3, and 4 reached zero after the intervention(P<0.000). The trend of discharge time after the intervention from October 2017 to March 2020 demonstrated that the changes were stable (184±25.56 min).Conclusions: As evidenced by the obtained results, the Six Sigma methodology can be an effective change management tool for the improvement of discharge time. The findings suggested that the use of electronic discharge and focusing on physician readiness for writing a discharge order would have the greatest impact.