bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The associations of energy adjusted dietary inflammatory index with brain structure and cognitive function
Authors: Zheng Dashan , Zhuo Bingting , Zheng Guzhengyue , Hua Junjie , Zhang Junguo , Wang Chongjian , Wang Yuhua , Zhang Zilong , Lin Hualiang
Published: November 2023

Limited research exists on the mediating effect of brain structure in the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and cognitive impairment. To address this issue, this analysis utilized data from a cohort of 15,526 participants in the UK Biobank who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during 2014-2020. We assessed the associations between energy adjusted DII (E-DII, calculated by 28 components) and cognitive function (represented by fluid intelligence scores, FIS), as well as the brain structures, including total brain volume (TBV), white matter volume (WMV), white matter hyperintensities volume (WMHV) and grey matter volume (GMV) of 76 cortices, 14 subcortices and 28 cerebellum regions. We further estimated the mediation effects of brain structures on the association between E-DII and cognitive function. From this analysis, we observed that higher E-DII was associated with reduced TBV, GMV, WMV, FIS and higher WMHV. Each one unit increase in E-DII was associated with 0.025(0.007, 0.041) FIS decrease, 937.93 mm3 (95% CI: 494.48.07, 1,381.38) GMV decrease, 675.02 mm3 (95% CI: 279.02, 1,071.02) WMV decrease and 93.80 mm3 (95% CI: 41.45, 146.14) WMHV increase. Furthermore, GMV, WMHV, WMV were found to significantly mediate the association between E-DII and cognitive function, accounting for 21.82% (95% CI: 11.26%, 33.24%), 19.19% (95% CI: 8.52%, 30.63%) and 4% (95% CI: 1.31%, 7.99%). These results indicated that controlling of inflammatory diet could prevent brain structures abnormalities and might reduce the risk of cognitive impairment.
Stock volatility may trigger the onset of acute coronary syndrome: A nationwide case-crossover analysis
Authors: Zhu Xinlei , Chen Renjie , Liu Feng , Jiang Yixuan , Yin Zuomin , Xue Yuzeng , Hu Yali , He Yi , Wang Bin , Tian Xiang , Chen Yundai , Yang Lixia , Kan Haidong
Published: November 2023

Stock volatility, an adverse psychological stressor, has been linked to cardiovascular mortality or hospitalization. However, no studies had quantified the risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) onset from stock market fluctuation. Using the time-stratified case-crossover design, which could control for the potential confounding from time-invariant, we conducted the analysis based on a nationwide registry comprising of 2,113,728 ACS patients in China from January, 2015 to December, 2021. We obtained daily returns (%) of three main stock indexes in Chinese Mainland, and matched the case and control days of ACS onset on hourly level. The data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression models. The associations between daily stock returns and ACS onset were U-shaped with stock rise and fall both increasing the risk of ACS onset. The excess risks associated with each 1%-decrease of daily stock returns for Shanghai, Shenzhen and ChiNext index were 0.96% (95%CI: 0.40,1.51), 0.65% (95%CI: 0.27,1.03) and 0.87% (95%CI: 0.52,1.21) at the concurrent day, respectively; and a 1%-increase of daily stock returns was associated with 1.06% (95%CI: 0.61,1.52), 0.45% (95%CI: 0.11,0.80) and 0.17% (95%CI: -0.08,0.41) increases of ACS onset, respectively. Thereafter, most of the associations gradually attenuated, disappeared after 3 days. The associations were significant for unstable angina and ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, but not for non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. This nationwide study provides novel and robust evidence that both stock rise and fall could increase the risk of ACS onset, highlighting the importance of heart care and psychological support during fluctuations of stock market.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Dinas Pengendalian Penduduk dan Keluarga Berencana Kota Bandar Lampung
Authors:   STIE Krakatau, Putra Nanda Pramana , Hendri Hendri ,   STIE Krakatau
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan ingin mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Pengendalian Penduduk dan Keluarga Berencana Kota Bandar Lampung. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan 33 responden penelitian. Ada tiga variabel dalam penelitian ini yaitu: 2 (dua) variabel bebas (X1 dan X2) dan 1 (satu) variabel terikat dimana kepemimpinan (X1) dan motivasi kerja (X2) sebagai variabel bebas dan kinerja pegawai (Y) sebagai variabel terikat. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data telah berhasil ditemukan jawaban hipotesis yakni sebagai berikut; terdapat pengaruh kepemimpinan (X1) terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y) dengan tingkat pengaruh sebesar 49,9% Terdapat pengaruh motivasi kerja (X2) terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y), dengan tingkat pengaruh sebesar 38,8% Terdapat pengaruh kepemimpinan (X1) dan motivasi kerja (X2) terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y), dengan tingkat pengaruh sebesar 52,8%.
ICT Adoption in TVET Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Khan Abid Irshad , Arshad Dr. Muhammad , Iqbal Dr. Muhammad Waseem , Aslam Naeem , Mushtaq Rashid
Published: November 2023

This research examines the challenges that impede the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the field of Technical Education and Vocational Training (TVET) accredited institutions in the Punjab, Pakistan and explores the potential of ICT to improve the TVET sector and alleviate poverty. The study employs a descriptive survey design, which is a type of research used to identify current conditions, processes, and relationships, as well as to determine the key characteristics of variables of importance in each context. The focus of the study is to analyze the adoption rates of ICT in TVET institutions and to validate the Technology Organization Environment (TOE) framework for the TVET sector, which aims to incorporate ICT. The scope of this research is to identify challenges that hinder the adoption of ICT, assess the levels of availability and usage of ICT, and determine what is needed by TVET-accredited institutions to overcome these challenges. With the aid of ICT, everyone who interacts with TVET institutions can process, store, retrieve, and transfer information, which can improve the quality of education and help alleviate poverty in Pakistan.
TRANSCENDING BORDERS DIGITALLY: HOW REGIONAL POLICIES SUPPORTING SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP MEDIATE EXPORT RESILIENCE?
Authors: IRFAN SYED AFAF , KHAN FARID ULLAH , ASGHAR SALMAN , NISHTAR ZUHAIB , LODHI KASHIF , AHMED NAVEED
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the complex relationship between digital transformation, regional policies, and export resilience, with a specific focus on how social entrepreneurship factors into this dynamic. The research aimed to determine how these elements collectively shape a region’s adaptability and competitiveness in the global export market. Key findings indicate that digital transformation significantly enhances export resilience, as regions with advanced digital maturity exhibit greater agility and competitiveness during market disruptions. Moreover, regional policies play a pivotal mediating role by creating an environment conducive for businesses to adopt digital technologies and promote collaboration and innovation. The study also revealed that social entrepreneurship represents a valuable means of improving export resilience through digital transformation, as social enterprises can leverage technologies to expand opportunities while generating social impact. However, realizing this potential requires regional policies aimed at supporting social entrepreneurs with resources for digital skills development and technology adoption. Overall, the research underscores the need for a comprehensive strategy integrating technology adoption, supportive policies, and promotion of social entrepreneurship to reinforce a region’s capability to successfully navigate market disruptions and achieve resilient, sustainable export growth.
Reflective Teaching Impact Upon Pre-Service English Teachers’ Professional Development: A Systematic Review
Authors: F. Velasquez Marcia , H. Ramirez Patricio , G. Capajaña Angie , D. C. Córdova María
Published: November 2023

This systematic review aims to document, analyze and synthesize the latest research related to reflective teaching and professional development in pre-service English teachers. The reasoning behind this review is to substantiate that acquiring a reflective teaching practice can be the best alternative for novice teachers to open their minds, renovate their teaching methodologies and knowledge, and adapt their teaching practice to be able to become outstanding language educators. Thirteen articles have been systematically reviewed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline and five exploration issues emerged: (a) the relation between reflective teaching and professional development, (b) reflective teaching benefits, (c) the efficacy of reflective teaching, (d) the continuity of reflective teaching and (e) reflective teaching strategies. The obtained results show different advantageous benefits such as learning from peers by sharing similar experiences, structure and restructure of new teaching knowledge, and the development of continuous resilience to deal with and overcome difficulties in the professional practice. This review suggests that future research should concentrate on programs addressing the importance of being reflective by introducing the topic before teaching practicum which is key for faster integrated professional development.
Optimizing Wilderness Search and Rescue: Discovery and Outcome
Authors: Rossmo D. Kim , Velarde Lorie , Mahood Thomas
Published: November 2023

This article is a follow-up to a 2019 analysis that applied Bayesian probability techniques to the search for a missing hiker in Joshua Tree National Park. In February 2022, that hiker was found. Here, we compare the location of his remains with the results of our prediction model and discuss further implications for optimizing wilderness search and rescue. KEY WORDS: Wilderness Search and Rescue, Lost Persons, Bayesian Analysis, Resource Optimization
PENDAYAGUNAAN DANA ZAKAT INFAQ DAN SEDEKAH SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN
Authors: Suharti Suharti
Published: November 2023

Artikel ini dilatar belakangi oleh keadaan Masyarakat miskin di  Indonesia, yang mana selama ini kemiskinan tercatat masih tinggi yang sebagian besar dikarenakan rendahnya ekonomi, oleh karena itu adanya program Pendayagunaan ini berupaya dalam menangani masalah kemiskinan, dengan memberikan modal usaha kepada para mustahik dalam rangka mensukseskan program Ekonomi Produktif (pemberian bantuan modal usaha produkti) untuk masyarakat miskin. Dalam hal ini, menjadi sesuatu yang bersifat urgen untuk di kaji lebih mendalam tentang: “Pendayagunaan Dana Zakat Infaq dan Sedekah Sebagai Upaya Pengentasan Kemiskinan”. Bahwa pendayagunaan zakat harus mengutamakan dan prioritas kebutuhan mustahik agar tepat sasaran dan bersifat produktif edukatif yang menghasilkan SDM berkualitas. Serta pendayagunaan zakat merupakan suatu program pengentasan kemiskinan yang berimplikasi kepada menggolongkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan mustahik.
CONCEPT OF BASIC EDUCATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY AND GREEK PHILOSOPHY
Authors: AZHARI  , Khazik Abdussalam Masykur , Al fajri Muhammad Azhar
Published: November 2023

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the concept of basic education from the perspective of Islamic philosophy and Greek philosophy. This type of research is library research that uses library data as the object of study in research such as books and articles as data sources. From the analysis that has been done, the results of this study indicate that the concept of basic education from the perspective of Islamic philosophy and Greek philosophy can actually go hand in hand where Greek ideas are used to develop Islamic philosophy. So that the material or its contents have something in common. Therefore, the Arabs are in direct contact with science and philosophy. In the VII to XIII centuries, Muslim intellectuals studied philosophy and science by establishing the Temple of Wisdom as a center for research, library, and translation of Greek texts. From these works, Muslim intellectuals studied and studied the thoughts of classical Greek philosophers. So the works of Greek philosophers are very helpful for Muslim philosophers in studying these works to continue to develop science. This research contributes in adding theoretical insight about the relationship between basic education and greek philosophy perspective.

 

Keywords: education concept, Islamic philosophy, Greek philosophy
Pendekatan Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL) Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa di SMK Negeri 2 Purwakarta
Authors: Sulistiaty Mardiany Rahayu
Published: November 2023

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach in enhancing students' learning motivation at SMK Negeri 2 Purwakarta. The CTL approach is employed as a pedagogical strategy that links classroom content with real-world contexts, promoting active engagement and relevancy in learning. In this research, the CTL approach is implemented in the teaching of the National Legal System and Judiciary competence. Various teaching methods, such as case studies, discussions, and role-playing, are utilized to connect theoretical legal concepts with practical examples from the students' daily lives.
The research involved the observation of student participation, surveys to gauge changes in motivation, and the analysis of learning outcomes. Preliminary findings suggest that the application of CTL positively influences students' learning motivation. By contextualizing legal concepts, students exhibit higher levels of interest, participation, and intrinsic motivation in the subject matter.
The outcomes of this study highlight the significance of employing the CTL approach to enhance learning motivation in subjects like the National Legal System and Judiciary. The findings suggest that connecting theoretical concepts to real-life situations can stimulate students' interest and motivation to learn. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on effective pedagogical strategies for increasing student engagement and enthusiasm in classroom learning environments.
Building community wealth through workers’ organisations: The challenges and benefits of co-operation through trade unions
Authors: Harrison John
Published: November 2023

This short paper reports on the formation of the Preston Cooperative Education Centre (PCEC), which was founded in 2021 as a union co-operative. Taking their inspiration from the Mondragón co‑operatives in the Basque Country, the PCEC founders believe that education and training are at the heart of any attempt to create a fairer and more equal society. The paper discusses the joint role that co-operatives and trade unions can play in community wealth building. It concludes with the author’s reflections on the benefits and challenges of promoting a union co-operative model.
Consumer co-operation around the world: ‘Strategic renewal’ since 1980?
Authors: Wilson John F. , Skurnik Samuli , Ekberg Espen , Webster Anthony
Published: November 2023

This short article reports on an international project that investigates Strategic Renewal in consumer co-operatives. Strategic Renewal refers to the ways an organisation attempts to change itself radically and rapidly, usually in response to an external crisis. The project explores how consumer co-operatives around the world have adapted to changes in the business environment over the last forty years and investigates whether those changes can be described as Strategic Renewal. A book based on the project published by Routledge (in press) includes case studies from consumer co‑operatives in the UK, Finland, Sweden, Norway, Italy, France, Canada, Australia, South Korea, and Japan. The academic findings suggest that iterative, piecemeal, adaptive change is more appropriate for co-operatives than completely overhauling the business, leading the authors to conclude that co‑operative Strategic Renewal is a slower and messier process than the literature suggests. In practical terms, awareness of initiatives in other countries can help consumer co-operatives to investigate initiatives which might be adapted to local conditions.
Interview: Regeneration in Lincoln: An interview with Tom Blount and Laura Dunne from Lincolnshire Co-operative Society
Authors: Wistow Mike
Published: November 2023

The UKSCS conference 2023 was supported by Lincolnshire Co-operative Society and included guided tours of the Lincoln Science and Innovation Park, and The Cornhill Quarter, developments led by Lincolnshire Co-op in partnership with key organisations across the city of Lincoln, UK. Mike Wistow interviewed Tom Blount and Laura Dunne to find out more about these developments, the Society’s unique approach to regeneration, and their reflections on the advantages of being in co‑operation for over 160 years. Tom Blount is the Director of Lincoln Science and Innovation Park. Laura Dunne is Head of Marketing and Membership for Lincolnshire Co-op. Much of the conversational style of the interview has been deliberately captured in this article to give a sense of the excitement and passion that Laura and Tom have for their work, the Society, and Lincoln.
How to study the co-operative contribution to sustainable development
Authors: Yakar-Pritchard Gamze , Ridley-Duff Rory , Çalıyurt Kıymet , Akkuş Yasin
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study is to develop research instruments that enable analysis of the contribution of co-operatives to sustainable development. We achieve this by posing three research questions that explore the links between co-operative principles (CPs) and sustainable development goals (SDGs). Data obtained using qualitative methods guided the development of a quantitative survey tool designed to systematically measure the contribution of co-operatives to sustainable development (RQ1). This study also provides empirical evidence of a strong alignment between CPs and SDGs (RQ2). Whereas earlier studies began with forms of wealth and/or SDGs and connected them to CPs, this study contributes to the knowledge by articulating how co-operatives, as a movement, contribute to all SDGs by operationalising CPs 1-3 and 5-7 agreed by the International Cooperative Alliance. Finally, this study found a high level of support within the co-operative movement for the SDG framework (RQ3).
Seasonal Dynamics of Protein Synthesis in the Tissues Of Channa punctatus [Bloch], an Indian Air-Breathing Teleost
Authors: Mandal G . , Das A. B.
Published: November 2023

The rates of initial synthesis and maximal net synthesis of total protein at the prevailing water-temperatures were determined by measuring the 14 levels of incorporation at 1h and 6h after administration of C-leucine respectively into total protein of liver, gill, brain, white muscle and red muscle of Chana punctatus in different months in an annual cycle. A clear biphasic pattern of seasonal variation of protein synthesis ( particularly of the net synthesis) and break-down i s evident in liver, gill and brain. This is much less discernible in muscles (white and red) . Five distinct periods of the seasonal dynamics of protein synthesis and degradation have been described as "the rising phase-I" (January-April/May-June), "the declining phase" (April/May-June-July), "the rising phase-II"(July-August) , "the maintenance phase-I" (August-October/November),"the maintenance phase-II" (October/November-December/January), and their significance discussed.
A Comparative Study of the Karyomorphology of Grass Carp, Ctenophaydon Idella (Val.), Silver C P , Hypophthalmichthys moliytic (Val.) And Their F1 Hybrid
Authors: Reddy P. V. G. K.
Published: November 2023

A comparative study was carried out on the karyomorphology of the grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.) , silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Val.) and their F1 hybrid. An attempt has been made to tentat ively classify the karyotype of tne F1 hybrid on the basis of arm ratio and external morpoloy.

The diploid chromosome complements (2n) in grass carp, silver carp and the hybrid were found to be 48 each. The karyotype of grass carp was observed to comprise metacentric (15 pairs) and submetacentric (9 pairs) types while that of silver carp consisted 6-metacentric, 6-submetacentric and 2-subtelocentric pairs. The F1 hybrid karyotype was observed to consist 16-metacentric, 30-submetacentric and 2-subtelocentric chromosomes in total.
Histomorphology of the Neurosecretory Cells of Eyestalk, Brain and Thoracic Ganglia of Female Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium RosenbergII
Authors: Kumar Anjani , Pandey A. K.
Published: November 2023

Histomorphology of the neurosecretory cells of eyestalk, brain and thoracic ganglia of Macrobrachium rosenbergii were recorded. There were five types of neurosecretory cells (NSCs) in eyestalk having size range of 5 - 35 um, shape varied from round to oval. The cells were distributed in medulla externa, medulla interna and medulla terminalis. Sinus gland measuring 30-35 um was located in medulla interna. Axonal terminals of the neurosecretory cells were found to terminate in this structure. Brain and thoracic ganglia possessed five types of neurosecretory cells such as giant neuron (>80 um), A (60-80 um), B (40-60 um), C (20-40 um) and D (<20 um). They were seen arranged in several groups in different parts of brain. While B, C and D cells were localized in anterior region, giant neurons and A cells dominated in posterior region. In lateral regions A, B, C and D cells were distributed. The thoracic ganglia could be divided into anterior, middle and posterior regions. NSCs were distributed in anterior and posterior portions but were lacking in middle part. A and B cells were present in anterior regions followed by C and D cells. In posterior region, giant neurons and A cells were present. Histochemical tests demonstrated the neurosecretory cells of the prawn to be strongly positive for acid fuchsin, aldehyde fuchsin and paraldehyde fuchsin and also exhibited feeble reaction to Sudan black B and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reagent.
Effects of Endosulphan, Hch, Copper and Zinc on The Oxygen Consumption Rate of the Larvae of Mangrove Crab Macrophthalamus Erato De Man
Authors: Kannupandi T. , Pasupathi K. , Soundarapandian P.
Published: November 2023

Larval stages of mangrove crab, Macroplithalamus erato were exposed to 0.048-0.36 ug /1 of endosulfan, 0.32-2.4 pg/] of HCH, 9.0-67.5 pg/1 of copper and 15.2-139.0 pg/1 of zinc. Oxygen consumption rate of the larvae decreased proportionally with concentrations of all the contaminants except endosulphan and copper.
Problems of Fish Production in North Bihar: A Case Study
Authors: Singh Tun Tun , Singh R. K. P.
Published: November 2023

No abstract.
Study on the Colour Enhancement of a Sri Lankan Endemic Fish, Puntius titteya (Deraniyagala) (Cherry Barb) Under Indoor and Outdoor Conditions
Authors: Sundarabarathy T. V. , Edirisinghe U. , Demataweva C. M. B.
Published: November 2023

An experiment was conducted over a period of 6 weeks to investigate the colour development in Puntius titteya (Cherry barb) using four different feed under indoor (aquarium illumination) and outdoor conditions (sunlight). The four different feeds namely Artemia, plankton, formulated feed and combination of plankton and formulated feed served as four treatments which were maintained in tanks in triplicated, each having 10 fish. Colour of fish was compared with a colour chart, which was developed by using Windows 2000- computer package and colour intensity ranged between score of 245 (faint pink) to 167 (dark red). Though Kruskal-Wallis test did not indicate a significant difference (p > 0.05) in colour development under the indoor conditions, it was significantly different among the test diets (p < 0.05) under the outdoor conditions. The performance of colour development with respect to feeds could be arranged in a descending sequence as, plankton feed > plankton and formulated feed > formulated feed > Artemia. Friedman test revealed that the difference of light did not significantly affect the colour development (p > 0.05) under the indoor and outdoor conditions.
Species Diversity of Rotifera in Some Fresh water Habitats Of Delhi
Authors: Arora Jyoti , Mehra N. K.
Published: November 2023

The rotifer fauna of 16 freshwater habitats, located in and around the National Capital Territory (NCT) Delhi was studied. The study was based on plankton and epiphytic samples collected during different seasons over a period of three years from 1998 to 2001. A total of 158 species belonging to 22 eurotatorian families spread over 49 genera were identified, of which one species, Lecane grandis (Murray) is a new record for India. Majority of the species recorded were monogononts (97.5%). The largest fraction of the examined species belongs to families Lecanidae Brachionidae, Colurellidae, Notommatidae, Trichocercidae and Flosculariidae together constituting 71%. The most diverse genera were Lecane represented by 33 species, followed by Lepadella (17 species), Brachionus (13 species) and Trichocerca (12 species). The majority of the species recorded are either cosmopolitan or widely distributed with thermophilic character. In addition, 6 pantropical, 2 paleotropical, 2 arctic-temperate, 1 eastern hemisphere and 1 holarctic taxa were recorded. The relative representation of rotifers in different habitats and in the planktonic vs. epiphytic samples have been compared and discussed.
Anomalies Induced in Skin of Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) after Exposure to Fenvalerate
Authors: Kaur R. , Johal M.S. , Sandhu G.S.
Published: November 2023

The effect of sub-lethal concentrations of fenvalerate, a synthetic pyrethroid was observed on the histoarchitecture of skin of Heteropneustes fossilis following 5, 15 and 30 days exposure by light microscopy. Treatment induced deleterious alterations especially in the epidermis and the dermis, which were found to be dose and duration dependent. Separation of the epidermis from the dermis at certain points was a consistent feature, which became more pronounced at higher concentrations and at higher exposure duration. Different layers of the epidermis revealed degeneration and peeling; at higher concentrations the dermis was denuded and damaged. Chromatophores in the upper most part of the dermis concentrated into groups. The extensive damage done to both the upper layers, the epidermis and the dermis will certainly impair the protective, respiratory and osmoregulatory functions of the skin.
Effect of Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone (rbgh) Administration on Growth, Body Composition and Gut Proteolytic Enzyme Activity in Fingerlings of Channa punctatus (Bloch)
Authors: Malhotra Suman , Garg S. K.
Published: November 2023

To study the effect of recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbGH) on growth performance, single intraperitoneal injection (10, 20 and 50 Hg/g BW) at the beginning was given to the fingerlings of Channa punctatus maintained under laboratory conditions (LD 12: 12 at 25°C) for 80 days. Variables tested were weight gain, length gain, condition factor, FCR, body composition, VSI, HSI, liver glycogen and proteolytic enzyme activity. Irrespective of the dose of hormone, rbGH treated fish showed high growth performance (SGR, % increase in BW) in comparison with the saline injected control. Treatment of fish with rbGH also improved nutrient retention, feed conversion efficiency and apparent protein digestibility. Viscero-somatic index (VSI) and proteolytic enzyme activity were also high in hormone treated groups. Hepatosomatic index (HSI), liver glycogen and excretion of wastes (N-NH.4* and o-PCy) were reduced as result of rbGH treatment. Proximate analysis determined at the end of treatment period revealed increased protein and fat content in hormone treated groups as compared with the controls. It is concluded that rbGH is effective in increasing somatic growth in C. punctatus.
Growth Performance of Carps in Pen Culture in A Floodplain Wetland of West Bengal
Authors: Bhaumik Utpal , Paria T. , Saha S. K. , Mitra A.
Published: November 2023

Pen culture experiments with Indian major carps {Cat la cat la, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala) were carried out in a floodplain wetland (Mathura beel) in North 24-Parganas district of West Bengal to standardize the stocking density vis-a-vis growth performance. The stocking densities evaluated were 10,000,20,000 and 30,000 nos/ha with two replications for each. The productions obtained from the pens have been estimated as 2857.5, 2637.6 and 2606.2 kg/ha, respectively at three stocking densities. Most essential ecological components like physico-chemical parameters, plankton, benthos, periphyton and macrophytic fauna were estimated at regular intervals. Stocking density of 10,000 nos/ha with a mortality rate of 10% yielded best results in fish harvest. Average size of the fishes was 400 g for C. catla, 300 g for L. rohita and 225 g for C. mrigala in 150 days of culture period. Increase in stocking densities probably resulted in the crowding and increase of mortality rate between 30% and 37%. Higher stocking density reduced the growth rate and the net yield.
Integration of Poultry with Aquaculture in Seasonal Tank
Authors: Chakraborty N. M.
Published: November 2023

An experiment was conducted for short-term culture of carps involving marginal farmers in a seasonal tank with area of 15 ha at Budhemanahalli in Bengalore district. A rectangular pen of size 60 m x 22 m was installed in the tank using a close meshed HDPE cloth in a pre-selected area with uniform bottom. A low cost thatched poultry shed of size 10 m x 6 m was constructed within the pen enclosure, perching 2 m above the water surface at full tank level. A total of 260 chicks (Giriraja) of average weight of 200 g were reared in the shed. The pen was stocked with 1500 fingerlings of common carp (av. wt. 5 g) during July. No manuring or feeding was adopted. After rearing period of 80 days, the birds attained an average weight of one kilogram and 182 kg of birds were disposed off. A total of 277 kg of fish was harvested from the pen in 150 days of culture. The size of the fish ranged between 238-350 mm (av. 254 mm) in length and 260-840 g (av. 346.6 g) in weight. The results indicated the feasibility of integrating aquaculture with poultry rearing in short seasonal tanks or watersheds.
Effect of Immersion Treatment in Bovine Insulin on Growth, Nutrient Retention and Proteolytic Enzyme Activity in Chaivna Punctatus (BLOCH)
Authors: Malhotra Suman , Garg S. K.
Published: November 2023

Effect of bovine insulin immersion on growth response in Channa punctatus fingerlings was studied. The fish were immersed in insulin at 10 or 50 14/100 distilled water for 15 minutes weekly for 11 weeks, with treatment without hormone as control. They were maintained under laboratory conditions (LD 12:12 at 25LC) for 80 days. Growth performance including nutrient retention were significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced in fingerlings treated with the lower dose (10 j.tg) of insulin in comparison with control or fish treated with the higher dose (50 lig) of hormone. The percent gain in body weight was 100.9±0.46 at the lower dose of insulin treatment while at higher dose (70.70.22) and controls (60.70.038) the values remained low. Food conversion values and excretion of metabolites (N-NHe and o-PO4-) remained significantly low (P < 0.05) and nutrient retention (PER, GPR and GER) high at the lower dose of insulin. The fingerlings treated with lower dose of insulin also showed significantly high (P < 0.05) intestinal proteolytic enzyme activity, hepato-somatic index (HSI) and viscero-somatic index (VSI) while a reduction in hepatic glycogen levels was observed. Carcass composition determined at the end of treatment period indicated high accumulation of protein and fat in fish treated with the lower dose of hormone. These findings indicate that at the lower dose insulin acts as an anabolic hormone in C. punctatus.
Effect of Salinity on Survival and Larval Development The Inshore Water Crab, Philyra Corallicola Alcock, 1896
Authors: Kannupandi T. , Krishnamurthy M. , Soundarapandian P. , John Samuel N.
Published: November 2023

The influence of salinity on the larval development of the inshore water crab, Philyra corallicollawas studied in 8 different salinities. None of the first zoea moulted to next instar in 5, 10, and 15% salinities. At 20 and 25%0 salinities, 26% and 32% larvae moulted to megalopa in 130.6 and 161.0 hours, respectively, but did not metamorphose to first crab. However, first crabs stages in 30 and 35%0 were obtained at 253.7 and 275.8 hours with 40% and 12% survival, respectively. Again in 40%) salinity, 14% megalopa appeared in 178.6 hours, which did not moult to the first crab stage. Maximum survival with minimum development period was observed in the salinities of 30%0 and 35%., suggesting the optimum salinities for larval development in the inshore water crab, P. corallicola.
Effect of Sub-Lethal, Carbaryl and Cartap Exposures on Lipid and Cholesterol Contents in Liver, Kidney and Gills of Channa Punctatus (BLOCH)
Authors: Mishra Dilip Kumar , Bohidar Kalyani , Pandey Ajay Kumar
Published: November 2023

Channa punctatus were exposed for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h to sub-lethal concentration (30% of LC50 for 96h) of carbaryl and cartap (carbamate pesticides) in order to record their effect on total lipid and cholesterol contents in liver, kidney and gills. The normal lipid content in liver, kidney and gills ranged from 17.95±0.41 to18.21±0.38 mg/g, 15.55i-0.51 to16.21±0.35 mg/g and 8.53±0.39 to 9.58±0.33 mg/g, whereas cholesterol contents varied between 3.60±0.06 to 3.81±0.04 mg/g, 1.61±0.05 to 1.72±0.02 mg/g and 0.71±0.02 to 0.77±0.10 mg/g, respectively. The treatment elicited significant decline in lipid and cholesterol contents throughout the exposure period suggesting response of the fish to the pesticide intoxication.
Estimation of Cumulative Inbreeding Rate in Indian Major Carps of Maharashtra State Hatcheries
Authors: Jahageerdar Shrinivas , Deepak, P. K. , Biradar R. S. , Lakra W. S.
Published: November 2023

The hatcheries of Maharashtra state, India breed mainly the species of catla, rohu and mrigal, and are the main suppliers of fish seed in the region. These hatcheries function as isolated and genetically closed units raising their own broodstock within the hatcheries, which leads to the accumulation of inbreeding at a faster rate. In the present study effective population size and cumulative inbreeding rates were estimated. The cumulative inbreeding rates ranged from 0.71-19.09%, 0.05-5.23% and 0.11- 4.24% for catla, mrigal and rohu, respectively.
Fisheries Enhancement after Hydrological Intervention in Chilika Lagoon and Strategies for Responsible Management
Authors: Mohanty S. K , Bhatta K. S. , Mishra S. , Mohapatra A. , Pattnaik A. K
Published: November 2023

Chilika lagoon situated in the state of Orissa on the east coast of India is a hotspot of aquatic biodiversity including fish germplasms. Fishery yield from the lagoon contributes 71% to the total economic valuation of the ecosystem. The ecosystem suffered rapid degradation during the last few decades due to anthropogenic pressure and natural changes. Fish yield from mid-eighties onwards until hydrological intervention made by Chilika Development Authority during September, 2000 showed declining trend, registering lowest ever landings of 1274 t during 1995-96 and 1746 t in 1999-2000, immediately before opening of the new lagoon mouth. The opening of artificial mouth by dredging the sand spit reduced the 1ength of outer channel by 18 km. The hydrological intervention has resulted in many positive impacts such as spectacular increase in fishery yield and biodiversity, improvement in overall salinity regime, natural eradication of freshwater weeds, flushing out of silt etc. Sudden increase in fishery yield during 2000-01 immediately after opening of the new mouth registered 185.42% increase over the pre-mouth base year (1999-2000) and an all time high yield of 11,988.88 t during 2001-02, showing 586.74% increase over the base year has been recorded whose economic valuation was estimated at Rs.571.6 million. The average fishery yield for three years (2000-01 to 2002-03), economic valuation of fish catch, fishery diversity, migratory fish component, commercial fish groups, average productivity, per capita income and catch per unit effort (CPUE) during the post-mouth period registered 432.06%, 621.47%, 19.85%, 7.20%, 42.86%, 482.59%, 373.15% and 432.27% increase, respectively over the base year, 1999-2000.
Sub-lethal Ammonia Toxicity in Fingerlings of Catla catla (ham.) and Labeo rohita (ham.): Effect on Certain Haematological Parameters and Enzymes Activities
Authors: Das P. C. , Ayyappan S. , Jena J. K.
Published: November 2023

Fingerlings of catla and rohu were exposed to ambient sub-lethal total ammonia-nitrogen concentrations of 1, 2, 4, 8, 11.8 and 16 mg/l for 96 hours to study the toxic effect. Haematological parameters such as TEC and TLC increased in both species in lower concentration of ambient ammonia but decreased in higher concentration while haemoglobin and serum protein content decreased and blood glucose level increased with increasing ammonia concentration. Elevation of LDH, ALAT and ASAT activities were observed in serum and different tissues while inhibition was recorded in AChE activity in brain and liver with increasing ammonia concentration. Comparison of the haematological responses of the two major carps revealed catla to exhibit significant alteration in almost all haematological parameters at relatively lower ammonia concentrations compared to that of rohu. The study on enzymes also revealed lower alteration in AChE, LDH, ALAT and ASAT activities in rohu suggesting better tolerance of the species to higher ambient ammonia than catla, corroborating catla to be more susceptible to environmental stress than rohu.
Isolation of Probiotic Strains from Fishes Cultured in Sewage-fed Ponds
Authors: Ghosh Shubhadeep , Sinha Archana
Published: November 2023

The research for the need of probiotics in aquaculture is increasing with the demand for environment friendly aquaculture. The present study aimed at to isolate probiotic strains from the gut of carps cultured in sewage-fed ponds. The fish gut was dissected longitudinally and the entire gut content was plated onto deMann Rogosa Sharp (MRS) Agar for allowing the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) to manifest itself as white pinpoint colonies. The MRS Agar plates containing LAB were then over-layed with osft Tryptone Soya Agar (TSA) containing pathogenic Pseudomonas cells at 105 nos/ml. Those LAB which produced a clear inhibitory zone with a diameter more than 1 mm larger than that of the colony itself was judged to be a tentative probiotics strain. During the present study, four strains (SM1, SM2, ST1 and ST2) gave a clear inhibitory zone and were classified as tentative probiotic strains. The four tentative probiotic strains were further confirmed of its probiotic effect against three pathogenic strains of Pseudomonas, Aeromonas and Edwardsiella by antagonistic assay by cross streak method and among four only two strains SM2 and ST1 exhibited an inhibition of 2 mm and 1 mm, respectively against the three pathogenic test strains and confirmed their status as probiotic strains.
Levamisole Influences the Immune Response of Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii and its Resistance to Nitrite Stress and Aeromonas hydrophila Infection
Authors: Pradhan G. C. , Sahoo P. K. , Kumari Jaya , Mohanty Swagatika , Mohanty J. , Pillai Bindu R. , Sarangi N.
Published: November 2023

The present study evaluated the effectiveness of dietary levamisole in the modulation of innate immunity and reducing the percent mortality against nitrite stress or Aeromonas hydrophila infection in giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Haemolymph agglutinin and total protein levels, lysozyme activity, phenoloxidase (PO) activity, total and differential haemocyte counts, induced nitrite stress and mortality (%) against Aeromonas hydrophila challenge were measured in sub-adult M. rosenbergii fed with diets containing levamisole at 0, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg feed for 7 or 14 days. M. rosenbergii fed with a diet containing 250 mg levamisole/kg feed for 14 days showed significant (P<0.05) increase in haemagglutination titre, PO activity, undifferentiated haemocyte count, resistance to nitrite stress and survival against A. hydrophila challenge. On the contrary, graded levels of levamisole feeding for 7 days failed to modulate most of the immune parameters or reduce the percent mortality against A. hydrophila challenge or nitrite stress. It is therefore concluded that administration of levamisole in the diet at 250 mg/kg feed for 14 days in sub-adult M. rosenbergii could enhance the immune ability and increase its resistance to A. hydrophila infection and nitrite stress.
Microsporidiosis in Penaeus monodon Cultured in the Bheries of West Bengal, India
Authors: Roy A. , Maity K. , Dash G. , Abraham T. J.
Published: November 2023

Bhery fisheries play a significant role in the total shrimp production of West Bengal. Due to the traditional practices and utilization of untreated sewage water, the shrimps of the bheries are under the threat of parasitic attack. Microsporidians, a protozoan endoparasite, can cause shrimp mortalities and consequent decrease in total harvest in the systems like Bhery fishery. During this study, it was observed that the wild aquatic organisms are the main carriers of Microsporidiosis and the incidence level was 1.17%. The muscle fibers were degenerated due to Microsporidiosis and numerous small minute spores were diffusely distributed throughout the muscle.
Impact of Water Pollution on Fish Physiology - A Study
Authors: Das Subir , Bhattacharya Tapati
Published: November 2023

The freshwater air-breathing teleost, Channa punctatus were exposed to mercuric chloride (0.15 ppm) and cadmium chloride (35.5 ppm) for 1, 2, 7, 15 and 30 days so as to determine short and long-term effects of sub-lethal doses of these industrial pollutants on different haematological parameters. The selection of pollutants and their concentrations was based on the real data, in relation to the degree of water pollution of Damodar River. Blood samples were collected from the fishes exposed to various exposure periods for each pollutant and the blood glucose, haemoglobin content, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, VLDL- cholesterol, triglycerides, total RBC and WBC counts were measured. The blood glucose, haemoglobin content, total RBC and WBC counts progressively decreased. Blood cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were also depleted. Linear regression analysis with appreciable values of R2 and tratios revealed that the values of different blood parameters were reduced radically with the progress of days, except haemoglobin, signifying negative impact of pollutant of HgCl2. Strong correlation between different blood parameters calls for that adverse variations. Histopathological changes in the hepatopancreas induced by the heavy metals like mercuric chloride and cadmium chloride include degeneration of hepatic cells, clumping of cytoplasmic materials, displacement of nucleus towards the periphery, derangement of the pancreatic acini and coagulation of blood in the sinusoids. Analysis of experimental data suggests the depletion of energy resources and disturbance of the metabolic pathway as indicated by the adverse effects on haematological parameters and histopathological lesions in the haepatopancreas.
Observations on Growth, Survival, Maturation and Breeding of Macrobrachium dayanum (Henderson, 1893) under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Pillai Bindu R. , Mohanty Swagatika , Sahu Sovan
Published: November 2023

Macrobrachium dayanum is a small freshwater prawn species that completes its lifecycle in freshwater. It shows abbreviated larval development. The egg bearing females were reared individually till egg hatching in 10 l glass jars. The hatchlings were collected and reared in freshwater for 190 days under laboratory conditions. Hatchlings were fed initially (up to seven days after hatching) with mixed zooplankton collected from ponds and subsequently with formulated pellet diet. The hatchlings grew from an initial weight of 1.11 mg to 1029 mg in 190 days. The survival rate was 65.3%. Sexual maturation was observed after 120 days of rearing when the female was 37 mm total length and 670 mg weight. Breeding occurred in the rearing tanks and the embryonic period was found to be 29 days at 28-31°C. A new generation of hatchlings was found after 150 days of rearing.
Study on the Growth of Macrobrachium gangeticum Juveniles Fed on Different Diets in Tanks with and Without Soil-Base
Authors: Radheyshyam  , Mishra Prasanti , Mohanty A. N. , Kanaujia D. R.
Published: November 2023

The efficacy of two formulated feeds (Feed-I & II) compounded with locally available feed ingredients and one commercial feed (Feed-III) was evaluated on the growth of Macrobrachium gangeticum juvenile. The experiments were conducted during January to April 2005 using 1000 l capacity FRP tanks. While one set of tanks was provided with soil-base, the other set was without soil-base. Each tank was stocked with hatchery-produced M. gangeticum seed of 3.8 - 4.8 g (90.6-97.6 mm) at density of 50/m3. Prawns were fed twice daily at 10% of the body weight. Results indicated that units with soil-base exhibited significantly higher (p<0.05) weight gain (113.15% in Feed-I; 40.82% in Feed-II; 66.67% in Feed-III) than without soil-base (70.73% in Feed-I; 37.50% in Feed-II; 42.50% in Feed-III). The performance of Feed-I in terms of weight gain and specific growth rate was the best followed by Feed-III and Feed-II.
Evaluation of Different Cell Components of Aeromonas hydrophila on the Immune Response of Rohu (Labeo rohita)
Authors: Udgata S. K. , Karunasagar I. , Karunasagar I.
Published: November 2023

The humoral immune response of rohu (Labeo rohita) against different cell components of Aeromonas hydrophila was studied. Heat-killed cells (HKC), formalin killed cells (FKC) and crude lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were prepared from a virulent strain (G-49) of A. hydrophila. Three methods of vaccination were followed, viz., intraperitoneal injection, direct immersion and oral administration through feed. A primary immunization of three vaccines was given on day 0, followed by a 1st booster on day 28 after priming and a 2nd booster on day 28 after 1st booster both for injection and immersion groups. A group of fishes were fed with vaccine-incorporated feed for a period of 14 days during priming, 1st booster and 2nd booster immunization. Antibodies against different immunogens of A. hydrophila were detected using standard method of agglutination on day 0, 7, 14 and 28 following priming and booster immunizations. The degree of protection of all the immunization groups of fish was assessed by challenging the fishes with a LD50 dose of 1.5 x 107 cfu/ml of A. hydrophila on a low titre day after priming and on a peak titre day after 2nd booster. The results showed that the vaccines prepared from FKC yielded higher antibody than HKC and LPS. Vaccines prepared from HKC and LPS offered absolute (100%) protection against challenge. Vaccination with LPS resulted in lower antibody production but better immune protection against challenge in rohu.