bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Decade of Land Cover Transformations in Akure's Peri-Urban Region (2011-2022) Using Multispectral Landsat Imagery
Authors: Asaju Adeleke Oladele , Olukolajo Michael A.
Published: September 2023

Aim: To analyze the spatial distribution of land uses in the peri-urban areas of Akure, Nigeria between 2011 and 2022.

Study Design: Quantitative GIS research.

Place and Duration of Study: Oke-Odu, Ipinsa and Aule, Akure, Ondo-State, Nigeria, 2022.

Methodology: ArcGIS was employed in conjunction with Landsat images for 2011, 2016 and 2022 to conduct a supervised classification of land uses in Oke-Odu, Ipinsa and Aule Peri-urban areas of Akure, Nigeria. Data quality was considered such that cloud cover and scene cover of selected imagery downloaded are less than 10%. The classification method used was maximum likelihood, and three distinct classes were targeted: Built up areas, Green Areas and Open Spaces.

Results: Between 2011 and 2022, Oke-Odu, Akure, Nigeria, experienced significant development, with its built-up area growing from 45 ha (20.15%) to 160 ha (71.45%). However, this came at the cost of green spaces, which decreased from 97 ha (43.43%) to 33 ha (14.78%), indicating a loss of vegetation and natural areas. Similarly, open spaces decreased from 65 ha (29.42%) to 14 ha (6.46%). In Ipinsa, the built-up area expanded from 6 ha (6.50%) to 36 ha (36.40%), while green areas decreased initially but slightly increased later. Open spaces in Ipinsa declined consistently from 17 ha (17.50%) to 3 ha (3.10%). Aule experienced steady development, with built-up areas increasing from 297 ha (56.86%) to 431 ha (82.30%), accompanied by a decline in green spaces and open spaces over time. Overall, built-up areas and open spaces in Oke-Odu, Ipinsa, and Aule have significantly increased over time; however, in both Ipinsa and Aule, there was a slight recovery of green spaces in 2022.

Conclusion: The study shows that the pattern of land uses in Oke-Odu, Ipinsa, and Aule, Akure demonstrates a consistent trend of urbanization. Built-up areas have expanded substantially over time, while green spaces and open spaces have experienced significant declines, these trends align with global patterns of urbanization and raise concerns about environmental degradation and the need for conservation efforts. Therefore, this study recommends that sustainable development strategies be Implemented to ensure a balance between built-up areas and natural environments.
Myocardial Infarction, Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19 Hospitalizations: Stats from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2020
Authors: Endurance Evbayekha , Ovie Okorare , Alugba Gabriel , Willie Anthony , Oyesile Abiola Yetunde , Omosumwen Ede , Emeasoba Chinemerem Martlin , Salaudeen Bolanle Hawau , Onyekwere Anita Ogochukwu , Agho Awanwosa Valentine , Okunromade Omolola , Busari Adeniyi Kayode , Akinsete Agatha Olawunmi , Emore Erhieyovbe , Sanusi Ibilola Akorede , Nnaemeka Agunwa , Odoma Victor Ameh , Oji Lovette Ugonma , Okobi Emeka Kenneth , Evidence Ohikhuai Eseose , Okobi Okelue Edwards
Published: September 2023

Background: The outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID) hospitalizations and their association with myocardial injury and thrombosis were studied. We aimed to provide further insights into the impact of COVID-19 on modern-day healthcare.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample 2020 database. We used the International Classification of Disease Code, Tenth Edition (ICD-10) to identify all                 hospitalizations with COVID-19. We then conducted a subgroup analysis of the population of interest: Those who also developed myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and deep venous thrombosis.

Results: 335,799 hospitalizations with COVID. Of these, 1.6% (5,355) were diagnosed with non-ST-segment myocardial infarction (COVNSTEMI) were identified. The mean age of COVID-19 hospitalizations was 71.7, with 60.50% males. The population prevalence included 53.10% Whites, 17.80% Blacks, 19.20% Hispanics, and 4.10% Asians. The average Length of stay (LOS) was 10 days, and 37.60% of patients died during hospitalization. The average cost of hospitalization (TOTCHG) was $156,633. The COVSTEMI group comprised 1,364 cases, with a mean age of 67.4, in-hospital mortality of 47.4%, and the mean TOTCHG was $177,600. The DVTCOV group comprised 2,869 cases, while the PECOV group had 4,828 cases. Male predominance was observed in both groups, with mean ages of 66 years in the DVTCOV group and 64 years in the PECOV group. The DVTCOV group had a LOS of 16 days, with 24.71% mortality, while the PECOV group had a LOS of 11 days, with 19.20% mortality. The average TOTCHG in the DVTCOV group was $248,900, whereas it was $145,378 in the PECOV group.

Conclusion: Our study revealed significant mortality rates across different groups, including 38% in COVNSTEMI, 47% in COVSTEMI, 25% in DVTCOV, and 19% in PECOV. These findings highlight the severity of COVID-related complications and the substantial financial burden of hospitalization.
The Placental Metabolic Derangements and Fetal Complications in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review
Authors: Manoharan Balachandiran , Ramachandran Rajeswari , Bobby Zachariah
Published: September 2023

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse maternal and fetal complications including longer-term risk for developingT2DM, obesity and cardiovascular complications (CVD) later in their life. The placental derangements play a major role in the pathobiology of GDM. This review is aimed at to discuss the various aspects altered placental pathways in GDM, and where there are gaps in the literature that warrant further exploration. Published scientific manuscripts between 2000 and 2022 that discussed the role of insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation in the pathogenesis of GDM were reviewed. The main keywords used were insulin resistance, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, dyslipidaemia, and low-grade inflammation. GDM is associated with maternal insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation. These maternal derangements in GDM could affect placental and foetal lipid metabolism. The altered placental pathways could enhance the transfer of nutrients like glucose and FFA to the growing foetus causing overgrowth and adiposity. GDM foetuses experienced oxidative stress and inflammation and they could be involved in foetal programming for future metabolic diseases such as T2DM, obesity, CVD, etc. Understanding the various molecular mechanisms of placental derangements involved in the pathogenesis of GDM could expand our vision and open up avenues for therapeutic and preventive strategies for the better management of GDM women.
Tissue Culture: Aeon of Micro Propagation in Vegetable Crops
Authors: Chaudhari V. M.
Published: September 2023

Tissue culture in vegetable crops is a technique that has revolutionized the way we produce and propagate plants. It involves the growth of plant cells, tissues or organs in an artificial nutrient medium under sterile conditions. This method offers numerous advantages, including the production of disease-free plants, rapid multiplication and the ability to grow plants year-round. One of the key benefits of tissue culture in vegetable crops is the production of disease-free plants. By starting with a small piece of healthy tissue such as a leaf or stem, it is possible to grow an entire plant that is free from any pathogens. This is particularly important in vegetable crops, as diseases can significantly reduce yields and quality. By using tissue culture, farmers can ensure that the plants they grow are healthy and resistant to common diseases. Another advantage of tissue culture is the rapid multiplication of plants. Through a process called micropropagation, a single piece of tissue can be used to produce hundreds or even thousands of identical plants within a short period. This is particularly useful for vegetable crops that have a high demand or are difficult to propagate through traditional methods. By using tissue culture, farmers can quickly and efficiently produce large quantities of plants to meet market demands. Furthermore, tissue culture allows for year-round plant production. Unlike traditional methods that are limited by seasonal variations, tissue culture can be done in controlled environments such as laboratories or greenhouses. This means that farmers can grow vegetable crops regardless of the weather conditions outside. This is particularly advantageous for regions with harsh climates or limited growing seasons.
Effect of Priming of Micronutrients on Growth and Yield of Linseed
Authors: Devi N. Maheswari , C. Umesha
Published: September 2023

The field study took place in rabi season 2022 at the CRF, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higgin bottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.). To ascertain the “Effect of Priming of Micronutrients on Growth and Yield of Linseed.” The soil of experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.35%). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments which are replicated thrice. The treatment combinations are T1: Iron Sulphate 2500 ppm + Ammonium Molybdenum 3000 ppm T2: Iron Sulphate 2500 ppm + Ammonium Molybdenum 4000 ppm T3: Iron Sulphate 2500 ppm + Ammonium Molybdenum 4500 ppm T4: Iron Sulphate 3000 ppm + Ammonium Molybdenum 3000 ppm T5: Iron Sulphate 3000 ppm + Ammonium Molybdenum 4000 ppm T6: Iron Sulphate 3000 ppm + Ammonium Molybdenum 4500 ppm T7: Iron Sulphate 3500 ppm + Ammonium Molybdenum 3000 ppm T8: Iron Sulphate 3500 ppm + Ammonium Molybdenum 4000 ppm T9: Iron Sulphate 3500 ppm + Ammonium Molybdenum 4500 ppm T10: Control  (N:P:K-60:40:30 Kg/ha) are used. Results obtained that the higher plant height (55.68 cm), plant dry weight (21.73 g/plant), number of branches (9.44), number of pods/plant (54.61), number of seeds/pod (7.92), test weight (8.57g), seed yield (10.23 q/ha) and stover yield (17.41 q/ha) were significantly influenced with application of Iron Sulphate 3500 ppm + Ammonium Molybdenum 4500 ppm. Higher gross return (1,07,800.00 INR/ha), net return (71,766.00 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (1.99) were also recorded in treatment-9 (Iron Sulphate 3500 ppm + Ammonium Molybdenum 4500 ppm).
Biology of Fruit Borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on Tomato under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Singh Reetesh Pratap , Singh Rajendra , Singh Gaje , Singh D. V. , Singh Gopal
Published: September 2023

The experiment on biology of fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) was carried out in the Bio-control Laboratory, Department of Entomology, S.V.P.U.A.&T., Meerut. Results showed that the mean pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition period of fruit borer on tomato lasted for 2.46 ± 0.29, 6.33 ± 0.14 and 1.67 ± 0.14 days, respectively. A female laid on an average 329.40 ± 68.17 eggs. The incubation period was observed to be 3.08 ± 0.32 days on tomato. The first instar larva was very active with body length of 1.54 ± 0.81 mm and body breadth of 0.46 ± 0.05 mm. The larval development completed within 22.45 ± 0.44 days. The duration of each instar on tomato was found to be 2.58 ± 0.26, 3.50 ± 0.14, 3.42 ± 0.26, 3.71 ± 0.28, 4.38 ± 0.16 and 4.83 ± 0.14 days, respectively. The mean pre-pupal period lasted for 2.00 ± 0.24 days on tomato. The mean pupal period lasted for 12.33 ± 0.62 days. Longevity of adult ranged from 8 to 11 days with an average of 9.30 ± 1.25 days in males, while the longevity of female moths ranged from 10 to 14 days with an average of 11.30 ± 1.34 days. The male moth measured 17.79 ± 0.41 mm in length, 35.55 ± 0.92 mm in breadth and the female moth measured 19.76 ± 0.58 mm in length, 40.08 ± 0.99 mm in breadth on tomato. The sex ratio for male and female was 1: 0.76 on tomato. The generation from egg to death of male and female i.e., total life cycle was found to be completed within 39 to 60 days with an average of 50.3 ± 7.51 days and 41 to 63 days with an average of 53.5 ± 7.93 days, respectively.
Management Practices of Diseases and Insect Pest in Marigold and Gladiolus Flower in Punjab State, India
Authors: Singh Amrit , Kaur Lakhwinder , Singh Ranjit
Published: September 2023

Gladiolus and marigold being important commercial flowers are fetching high returns to the growers in national and international markets. The occurrence of diseases and insect pest attack in devastating form, has become a limiting its production. The present study was planned with objective to study management of common diseases and insect pest in marigold and gladiolus flower. A total of 80 farmers were selected for this study. Data were collected personally with the help of interview schedule. The findings revealed that 55 percent of the respondents adopted recommended fungicide to control disease in marigold and all the respondents treated the corms before planting in gladiolus. Also 10 and 15 percent of the respondents used recommended pesticides in marigold and gladiolus to control the attack of insect-pest respectively.
Study on Shifting Cultivation Cycle (Jhum Cycle) in Mokokchung District of Northeast India Using Multi Temporal Satellite Data
Authors: Kalita H. C. , Baishya S. K. , Dutta P. , Borah S. , Ram Vishram
Published: September 2023

Shifting cultivation has a long history that predates the development of agriculture as a whole. Locally known as jhum farming in Northeast India, this system's farmers are referred to as jhummias. The strategy is based on crop planting during the wet season and cutting and burning vegetation during the dry season. After growing crops for two to three years, the land is left fallow for a number of years before being further cultivated. The locations and area under various jhum cycles are currently inadequate. This was the first attempt to use GIS and remote sensing tools to generate data on various shifting cultivation fellow cycle periods in Mokokchung district of Northeast India between 1991 and 2012. To locate moving farmed areas, IRS sensor data for the year 2002, 2005, 2008 and 2012 were used. While for the years 1991, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999, and 2000, Land-sat TM satellite imagery was used. ERDAS envision and Arc GIS 10.0 software tool were used to determine the area under different jhum cycles, namely 20, 10, and 5 years, and to create the map. For the purpose of determining the spatial extent of the current shifting agricultural areas over the course of 20 years, visual interpretation of the images has been carried out and verified with field checking. Our findings indicate that the Northeast Indian district of Mokokchung's jhum lands declined from 8.99% to 6.31% of its overall geographic area. The highest jhum area in the research region was likewise estimated to be under 20 years cycle (817.23 ha), followed by 5 years cycle (783.02 ha), 10 years cycle (591.9 ha), and 15 years cycle (684.55 ha). A correct fallow cycle of shifting agriculture may help to increase watershed conservation while maximizing crop productivity, according to the fundamental concept of our work.
Effect of Seed Treatment with Bioinoculants on Seed Yield and Quality Parameters in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Taradi Siddalinga , Bara Bineeta Michael
Published: September 2023

The field experiment, was conducted during Rabi 2022 at the field experimental center, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS,  Prayagraj, (U.P). The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.36%), available N (171.48 kg/ha), available P (15.2 kg/ha) and available K (232.5 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with thirteen treatments including control which were replicated thrice. The treatments are as follows, T0- Control, T1 - Bacillus subtilis – 20 g/kg seeds, T2 – Rhizobium – 20 g/kg seeds, T3 – P.S.B – 20 g/kg seed, T4 - T. harzianum – 20 g/kg seed, T5 - T. viridae – 20 g/kg seed, T6 – B. subtilis + Rhizobium – (10 g + 10 g/kg seed), T7 - Rhizobium + P.S.B – (10 g + 10 g/kg seed), T8 - P.S.B + T. harzianum – (10 g + 10 g/kg seed), T9 – T. harzianum + T. viridae – (10 g + 10 g/kg seed), T10 - T. viridae + B. subtilis – (10 g + 10 g/kg seed), T11 - B. subtilis + Rhizobium + P.S.B – (10 g + 10 g+10 g/kg seed), T12 - P.S.B + T. harzianum + T, viridae – (10 g + 10 g+10 g/kg seed) respectively. The experiment results revealed that seeds treated with T7 – Rhizobium + P.S.B – 10 g + 10 g gave better than other treatments viz, days for 50% flowering (60.00), Days to 50% pod setting (75.00) and has matured earlier (99.00), Plant height (74.90 cm), number of pods per plant (52.33), number of seeds per pod (3.00), Seed yield per plot (522.80 g), Biological yield per plot (613.58), Seed index (32.24 gm). Were recorded significantly higher compared to other treatments.
Mapping Asian Elephant Habitat Suitability Index in Alur Taluk, Central Western Ghats: A GIS, Remote Sensing, and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Approach for Conservation Assessment
Authors: Kumar Vipul , Raghevendra S. , Devagiri G. M. , Rani Vanita
Published: September 2023

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing are geospatial technologies that have been used for decades in environmental science, including the collection and analysis of data on the physical disabilities of animals, and modelling of wilderness and site assessment. In this study, remote sensing technology was used. GIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods were used to assess the habitat index of Asian elephants. Use of satellite imagery and topographic maps to create environments and habitats, including land use cover (LULC), vegetation (NDVI), water, and elevation models (DEM). Next comes the use of AHP to determine the location, select the location's priority and distribution pattern. This study used to evaluate Asian elephant habitat preference in the Central Western Ghats region of Alur taluk in Hassan district of Karnataka .The results show that 30 percent of the land is covered with forests and 59 percent of the land with population. Most places have an altitude of 8° to 25° and an altitude of 900 m and 1000 m. The amount of water in the region is not limited to the habitat of the elephants. Habitats inhabited by elephants highlight the need for good management inside and outside protected areas to protect these elephants, especially in areas of translocation, to ensure that habitats are compatible. This information will assist those involved in protecting Asian elephants and their environment in the central Western Ghats region.
Reviving the Resilient: Exploring Pre-Dormancy Breaking Treatments for Acacia nilotica (L.)
Authors: Kashid Umesh V. , K. Nelson Navamaniraj , R. Umarani , S. Umesh Kanna , P. Masilamani
Published: September 2023

Acacia nilotica plays an important ecological role in its native habitats and has great relevance for restoration as well as in terms of economic worth. Acacia nilotica species frequently exhibit seed dormancy, which makes planting and seed testing difficult. In the present work, we examined the degree of dormancy and the impact of various pre-treatments on the dormancy breaking of Acacia species. Several tests were carried out against this backdrop to standardize the mechanical scarification, seed priming, and coating techniques. The results showed that mechanical scarification of Acacia nilotica seeds with @6 min scarification improved the seed germination percentage and vigour index percentage by 117 and 184 percent over the control. Correspondingly, the application of the TNAU seed coating formulation on Acacia nilotica seeds at 2g kg-1 increased the germination percentage and vigour index percentage by 129 and 186 percent, respectively, over the control. Also, humid priming of Acacia seeds (12 h soaking in water + 2 days humid incubation) resulted in a gradual increase in the seed germination percentage and vigour index percentage by 181 and 263 percent over the control. The seeds were not harmed by any of these treatments, which all reduced hard seeds to zero and improved germination percentages.
Influence of Phosphorus and Sulphur Application on Sesame Yield in High P Soils of Telangana, India
Authors: Jhansi A. N. , Srijaya T. , Madhavi A. , Bhatt P. Spandana
Published: September 2023

The present study in pot experiments was conducted on “Influence of phosphorus and sulphur application on sesame yield in high P soils of Telangana”. The experiment was conducted in two different levels of high phosphorus status soils with 67.29 kg P2O5 ha-1 in soil 1 (S1) and 83.46 kg P2O5 ha-1 in soil 2 (S2). The treatments were taken in factorial completely randomized design in combination of five levels of phosphorus (P0-0, P25- 5, P50-10,P75-15 and P100-20 kg ha-1 of soil) four levels of sulphur (S0-0,S1-10,S2-20 and S3-30 kg ha-1 of soil). A significant increase in seed yield of sesame crop could be achieved by combined application of P75 (15 kg P2O5 ha-1) + S20 (20 kg S ha-1) in high available phosphorus soils. Among the various treatments tested within two high P soils, in S1 maximum seed (11.89 g pot-1) and stalk yield (21.98 g pot-1) was obtained with combined application of P75 (15 kg P2O5 ha-1) + S20 (20 kg S ha-1) while in S2 maximum seed (11.92 g pot-1) and stalk yield (21.89 g pot-1) was obtained with combined application of P50 (10 kg P2O5 ha-1) + S20 (20 kg S ha-1).
Estimation of Association among the Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in the Segregating Population of Rice
Authors: Ekka Jenny P. , Kumari Priyanka , Swapnil  , Prasad Krishna , Ahmad Ekhlaque , Chakarbarty Manigopa
Published: September 2023

Indirect selection, using correlation coefficients, linear regression coefficients and path analysis, uses a variety of yield determinants that are more heritable than yield itself and less influenced by environmental factors and therefore are stable. Therefore, indirect selection based on the characters makes the selection process more efficient, especially in the early generations. Correlation coefficient analysis and the use of path coefficients are particularly important for economical and complex traits such as yield, where direct selection is less effective. Thus the present experiment was undertaken to decipher the character association between the characters in a segregating population (F2) obtained from a cross between Naveen x IR 64 Drt1rom the study, it was evident that the characters like leaf breadth, leaf area, plant height, panicle length, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of filled grains, grain length and test weight had the maximum association with yield among the characters under the study. Correlation coefficient and path coefficient analysis, revealed that the characters viz., number of filled grains per plant followed bygrain breadth, total number of grains, number of secondary branches, plant height, number of panicles, leaf breadth, flag leaf area, 1000 seed weight, panicle lengthand number of primary branches had a highly significant and positive correlation with yield and positive direct effect on yield. Thus, emphasis may be given to these traits for the effective selection of promising lines under study.
Modulating Effect of PGRs on Growth and Biochemical Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Salt Stress
Authors: Yadav Niraj , Tripathi Deepak , Singh A. K.
Published: September 2023

An investigation was conducted to study the effect of plant growth regulators on rice (variety Sarju-52) grown under sodic conditions, during the kharifseason 2018 at the students’ instructional farm of ANDUA&T, Kumarganj, Ayodhya. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments and three replications, with different concentrations and modes of application of plant growth regulators (PGRs). The PGRs were applied as follows- seed priming of GA3 @25 ppm & 50 ppm and SA @ 10 ppm & 25 ppm, and foliar application of GA3 and SA, each @ 100 ppm & 200 ppm at 30 (DAT), along with untreated control. Seed priming was done for 12 hours in different concentrations of PGRs. Thirty five days old seedlings were transplanted to the field from the nursery. Observations were recorded on various growth parameters such as plant height, number of tillers, dry biomass/hill, relative water content and biochemical parameters like chlorophyll, and TSS, at 30, 60 and 90 DAT and at maturity (harvesting stage). Both seed priming and foliar application of PGRs positively influenced the growth characters, chlorophyll content, and total soluble sugars. Moreover, foliar spray of GA3 @200 ppm was found to have a more pronounced effect in improving the yield of the variety studied, among all the treatments, under sodic conditions. It can be concluded that foliar spray of GA3 @ 200 ppm is effective in improving the growth and yield of rice grown under salt stress.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Major Postharvest Diseases of Mango
Authors: Anusha S. , Indra N. , Kannan R. , Geetha P. , Rahale C. Sharmila
Published: September 2023

Mango (Mangifera indica), which is rich in nutritive value is affected by many biological factors including diseases. Postharvest diseases viz., anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and stem end rot caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae are of economic importance due to loss in quality and quantity after harvesting. The pathogens C. gloeosporioides and L. theobromae were isolated from five mango varieties collected from fruit markets and farmers’ field of major mango growing districts of Tamil Nadu. The mycelial, colony and conidial characters were identified morphologically. Molecular characterization was carried through polymerase chain reaction using universal primers ITS1 and ITS4. The sequencing was done and the sequences were deposited in Genbank. From phylogenetic analysis Colletotrichum gloeosporioides showed maximum identity of 100% and Lasiodiplodia theobromae showed maximum identity of 88%. The present study confirmed that pathogen associated with anthracnose and stem end rot was Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Lasiodiplodia theobromae respectively.
Effect of Different Tillage and Nutrient Management Practices on Yield Attributes and Economics of Direct Seeded Rice
Authors: Kumar Pittala Manoj , Roy Dhirendra Kumar , Singh Santosh Kumar , Kumar Mritunjay
Published: September 2023

An experiment was conducted in an ongoing trial at the Agronomical Research Farm (plot no. 5) of Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi (RPCAU, Pusa) during Kharif 2019. The experiment was laid out in ‘split-plot design’ with tillage practices under main plot treatments and nutrient management practices as subplot treatments. The results revealed that yield attributes such as no. of panicles per square metre and no. of grains per panicle were significantly influenced by both tillage and nutrient management practices with higher values of both the yield attributes were recorded in Zero tillage + Residue management (239; 122) among tillage practices and site specific nutrient management (SSNM) based on Nutrient expert® (228; 119) respectively among nutrient management treatments whereas, panicle length, test weight and harvest index were not significantly influenced by any of the tillage or nutrient management practices. Zero tillage + Residue management and Zero tillage increased the grain and straw yield of direct seeded rice to the tune of 14.03% (grain); 9.27% (straw) and, 10.15%(grain); 6.1% (straw) over Conventional tillage, respectively. While SSNM based on Nutrient expert® and 60% RDN + GSGN + 100% PK of, RDF increased grain and straw yield of direct seeded rice to the tune of 14.91%; 7.73% and 12.07%; 5.52% over RDF, respectively. Zero tillage + Residue management among tillage practices and SSNM based on Nutrient expert® among nutrient management treatments resulted in maximum gross returns (₹ 91451, ₹ 91321 /ha); net returns (₹ 59050, ₹ 59313 /ha) and BCR (1.83, 1.86) respectively.
Effect of Sowing Date and Nitrogen on Quality of Beet Leaf (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis)
Authors: Ganvit J. M. , Parmar V. K. , Patel N. K. , Ganvit A. M.
Published: September 2023

The experiment entitled “Effect of sowing date and nitrogen on quality of beet leaf (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis)” was conducted during summer, 2020 at Vegetable Research Farm, RHRS, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India. The experiment was laid out in Split plot design with five replications. The experiment was arranged with three levels of sowing date (D1:1st Fortnight of January D2:2nd Fortnight of January and D3:1st Fortnight of February) and four doses of nitrogen (N1:0 kg N ha-1, N2:50 kg N ha-1, N3: 75 kg N ha-1 and D4: 100 N kg ha-1). Total chlorophyll content (1.91 mg g-1), moisture content (88.51 %), ash content (7.37 %) and iron content (4.56 ppm) in plant from the 2nd cutting were recorded higher in 1st fortnight of January sowing (D1).

Among the nitrogen doses, ascorbic acid (71.07 mg 100 g-1), total chlorophyll content (2.18 mg g-1), moisture content (89.22 %) and ash content (8.65 %) were obtained higher with application of nitrogen @ 100 kg ha-1 (N4). The iron, nitrogen and potassium content (4.71 ppm, 1.83% and 2.67 %, respectively) in plant and nitrogen (231.18 kg ha-1) in soil were higher under nitrogen at 100 kg ha-1 (N4).

Beet leaf sown at 1st fortnight of January with 100 kg N ha-1 (D1N4) had given the best performance in the quality parameter i.e. total chlorophyll content (2.30 mg g-1).
Academic monitoring in nursing: perceptions of teacher-advisor and student-monitor / Monitoria acadêmica na enfermagem: percepções do docente-orientador e do discente-monitor
Authors: Freire Thaina Ramos , Pimentel Maria Regina Araujo Reicherte , Chrizostimo Miriam Marinho , Prata Juliana Amaral , Xavier Maria Lelita
Published: September 2023

Objetivos: conhecer as concepções dos docentes-orientadores e dos discentes-monitores acerca da monitoria acadêmica; descrever as questões relacionadas ao desenvolvimento e ao preparo do discente-monitor para a monitoria acadêmica, identificando potencialidades e limitações; analisar os aspectos teórico-pedagógicos que sustentam a monitoria acadêmica. Método:  estudo descritivo, qualitativo, do tipo pesquisa de campo, realizado na Faculdade de Enfermagem da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os participantes foram 11 docentes-orientadores de monitoria e 16 discentes-monitores. A coleta de dados aconteceu por entrevistas semi-estruturadas entre junho e julho de 2021 e a análise foi temática. O trabalho obteve aprovação do Comitê de Ética. Resultados: surgiram duas categorias: percepções de docentes-orientadores e discentes-monitores sobre a monitoria acadêmica. Conclusão: discentes-monitores e docentes-orientadores compreendem a monitoria acadêmica como espaço de formação. Docentes-orientadores enfatizam o preparo de conteúdo. No entanto, alguns monitores não reconhecem tal preparo. A análise detectou a insuficiência de discussão teórico-pedagógica sobre monitoria acadêmica.
Nursing knowledge and practices in relation to medical waste in pediatric units: integrative review / Conhecimentos e práticas da enfermagem sobre os resíduos de saúde nas unidades pediátricas: revisão integrativa
Authors: Silva Janaina Firmo da , Silva Ítalo Rodolfo da , Silva Laura Johanson da , Carvalho Wânia Priscila Melo de
Published: September 2023

Objetivo: Identificar a produção científica atual em relação aos conhecimentos e práticas da Enfermagem sobre os Resíduos dos Serviços de Saúde nas Unidades Pediátricas. Método: Revisão integrativa nas bases de dados Scielo, Cinahl, Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus e Embase, entre os anos de 2016 a 2021, totalizando 13 artigos. Resultados: Os achados apontaram para três categorias principais: Conhecimentos e Práticas em relação aos Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde, Educação Permanente com ferramenta para o descarte dos resíduos de serviços de saúde; e Sustentabilidade no contexto dos resíduos e sua relação com a responsabilidade social. Conclusão: Faz-se necessária à oportunização da capacitação periódica, bem como o uso de instrumentos autoexplicativos que podem auxiliar no momento da prática, a todos os profissionais de saúde, em especial, aos de Enfermagem. Verificou-se a presença de lacunas com estudos evidenciando os Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde e a Enfermagem Pediátrica.
Stress, quality of working life and coping in intensive nursing in the pandemic context: integrative review / Estresse, qualidade de vida laboral e coping da enfermagem intensiva no contexto pandêmico: revisão integrativa
Authors: Bispo de Barros Francisco Railson , Paiva da Silva Natalia , Barrios Rodrigues Maria Emília , De Paula Magalhães Vitória Mariana
Published: September 2023

Objetivo: analisar, à luz da literatura, a qualidade de vida laboral do enfermeiro de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, com ênfase nos estressores e estratégias de enfrentamento durante a COVID-19. Método: revisão integrativa realizada no mês de outubro de 2022, nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e SCIELO. Resultados: Foram localizados 820 estudos, e quando aplicados os critérios de e inclusão e exclusão e leitura, obteve-se uma amostra de sete estudos, dos quais emergiram as seguintes categorias: fatores estressores oriundos do ambiente laboral; impactos dos fatores de estresse na qualidade de vida laboral;  e estratégias de enfrentamento para superar as situações estressantes. Considerações finais: se faz necessário investir no apoio da enfermagem de terapia intensiva, implementando medidas estruturais e organizacionais no ambiente laboral que considerem seu estado biopsicossocial, a fim de resguardar sua resiliência tanto no contexto da COVID-19 quanto em futuras pandemias.
Nuclear pore complex and nucleocytoplasmic transport disruption in neurodegeneration
Authors: Cristi América Chandía , Rapuri Sampath , Coyne Alyssa N.
Published: September 2023

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) play a critical role in maintaining the equilibrium between the nucleus and cytoplasm, enabling bidirectional transport across the nuclear envelope, and are essential for proper nuclear organization and gene regulation. Perturbations in the regulatory mechanisms governing NPCs and nuclear envelope homeostasis have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. The ESCRT‐III pathway emerges as a critical player in the surveillance and preservation of well‐assembled, functional NPCs, as well as nuclear envelope sealing. Recent studies have provided insights into the involvement of nuclear ESCRT‐III in the selective reduction of specific nucleoporins associated with neurodegenerative pathologies. Thus, maintaining quality control of the nuclear envelope and NPCs represents a pivotal element in the pathological cascade leading to neurodegenerative diseases. This review describes the constituents of the nuclear‐cytoplasmic transport machinery, encompassing the nuclear envelope, NPC, and ESCRT proteins, and how their structural and functional alterations contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
Green Synthesis of Reticular Materials
Authors: Desai Aamod V. , Lizundia Erlantz , Laybourn Andrea , Rainer Daniel N. , Armstrong Anthony R. , Morris Russell E. , Wuttke Stefan , Ettlinger Romy
Published: September 2023

To help ensure a prosperous future on Earth for coming generations, academia and industry need to transform the way they plan and carry out the synthesis of novel materials to make them more environmentally sustainable. In particular, the field of reticular materials, i.e., metal‐organic frameworks, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, and covalent organic frameworks, has great potential to outperform other materials and revolutionize various fields of applications. This review highlights several key aspects from the choice of their starting materials, solvents and synthetic methodologies that fall under the umbrella of the Green Chemistry principles, and incorporates a Circular Economy perspective by providing relevant strategies such as reuse, regeneration, or recycling to maximize the value of the Earth's available resources. Moreover, it will shed light on the life cycle assessment results of selected reticular materials and consider how constraints imposed by Green Chemistry principles, life cycle assessment metrics, and circular patterns will shape the future rational sustainable design and discovery of reticular materials.
Coupling Adsorbed Evolution and Lattice Oxygen Mechanism in Fe‐Co(OH)2/Fe2O3 Heterostructure for Enhanced Electrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Xin Sisi , Tang Yu , Jia Baohua , Zhang Zhengfu , Li Chengping , Bao Rui , Li Caiju , Yi Jianhong , Wang Jinsong , Ma Tianyi
Published: September 2023

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a bottleneck for electrocatalytic water‐splitting to generate hydrogen. However, the traditional adsorbed evolution mechanism (AEM) possesses sluggish reaction kinetics due to the scaling relationship, while lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) triggers an unstable structure due to the escaping of lattice oxygen. Herein, a proof‐of‐concept Fe‐Co(OH)2/Fe2O3 heterostructure is put forward, where Fe‐Co(OH)2 following AEM can complete rapidly deprotonation process while Fe2O3 following LOM can trigger O─O coupling step. Combining the theoretical and experimental investigation confirmed that the redistributed space‐charge of Fe‐Co(OH)2/Fe2O3 junction can optimize synergistically adsorbed and lattice oxygen, the coupling mechanism of AEM and LOM can facilitate synchronously the OER activity and stability. As a result, the Fe‐Co(OH)2/Fe2O3 heterostructure shows excellent OER performance with low overpotential of only 219 and 249 mV to reach a current density of 10 and 100 mA cm−2. Specifically, the Fe‐Co(OH)2/Fe2O3 electrocatalyst maintains excellent long‐term stability for 100 h at a large current density of 100 mA cm−2. This work paves an avenue to break through the limit of the conventional OER mechanism.
Bio‐Inspired, Scalable, and Tri‐Mode Stimuli‐Chromic Composite for Smart Window Multifunctionality
Authors: Ke Yujie , Li Na , Liu Yan , Zhu Tingting , Wang Shancheng , Li Yanbin , Lin Gaojian , Zhang Qiuting , Hu Yuwei , Dong Zhaogang , Yin Jie , Liu Zheng , Long Yi
Published: September 2023

Smart window is promising to save building energy and reduce carbon emissions. The fast development leads to a high demand for multifunctionality not limited to energy saving, while the material design and fabrication are challenging. Herein, a scalable method is developed for tri‐mode light regulations: thermo‐, mechano‐, and hydro‐/solvato‐chromisms. The film is constructed of a bio‐inspired hierarchical‐structured surface and a functional elastomer base. Through combined experiments and simulations, the triple‐stimuli‐chromic mechanisms of strain‐induced surface structure deformations, wettability‐controlled reflective index matches, and thermal‐responsive nanostructural resonances, respectively are revealed. Besides a good energy‐saving performance, the robust method shows several advantages: 1) independent energy‐saving and privacy functionalities, 2) an additional hydro‐/solvato‐chromic mode to control privacy in extreme circumstances, and 3) designable patterns and colors to meet high aesthetic demand. The work may inspire the future development of multifunctional smart windows and spatio‐temporal light control methods.
Double‐State Anticounterfeiting Labels Based on Light‐Emitting Polymer‐Stabilized Blue Phase
Authors: Duan Ran , Tang Ruiqi , Tong Yingping , Zhao Dongyu , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: September 2023

Anticounterfeit labels with multiple information‐carrying functions serve a critical role in boosting security and minimizing counterfeit‐related losses, whose development remains challenging. Here, a security label with the ability to encode information in reflective and fluorescent sates is fabricated from light‐emitting polymer‐stabilized blue phase (LE‐PSBP) liquid crystals (LCs). The LE‐PSBP with temperature‐dependent reflective color can be encoded with information by UV irradiation through photomasks. On the other hand, introduction of a fluorescent molecule, which can be easily photocyclized upon UV irradiation, enables the convenient encoding of fluorescent information without impacting the reflective information. As an illustration, a security label with distinct information in reflective and fluorescent states is demonstrated. Such innovative security labels have tremendous potential to provide a platform for multi‐information encoding to enhance the protection level in anticounterfeiting technology.
High Durable Rotary Triboelectric Nanogenerator Enabled by Ferromagnetic Metal Particles as a Friction Material
Authors: Du Shihe , Fu Shaoke , He Wencong , Li Qianying , Li Kaixian , Wu Huiyuan , Wang Jian , Shan Chuncai , Mu Qianjin , Hu Chenguo
Published: September 2023

Rotary sliding mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) provides high efficiency, a continuous and high output strategy for harvesting low‐frequency mechanical energy. However, poor durability owing to material abrasion during sliding restricts its practical application. Here, a novel ferromagnetic metal particle‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (FMP‐TENG) is proposed, which couples the unlimited point contact rolling motion of particles instead of planar contact of film to improve durability of TENG. Besides, due to the extensively enhanced contact area by ferromagnetic metal particles, FMP‐TENG improves its electric output, achieving a charge density of 103 µC m−2 and a peak power density of 400 mW m−2 Hz−1. After 10 000 cycle running‐in, FMP‐TENG exhibits excellent durability, which retains 97% of the output charge for 110 000 cycles. In addition, a metal powder mass sensor based on FMP‐TENG is also designed, which can effectively detect mass change in ferromagnetic metal powder in a dynamic mechanical platform. A novel strategy is proposed here to solve the problem of durability of sliding TENG in practical applications.
High Performance Bacterial Cellulose Organogel‐Based Thermoelectrochemical Cells by Organic Solvent‐Driven Crystallization for Body Heat Harvest and Self‐Powered Wearable Strain Sensors
Authors: Li Jing , Chen Shiyan , Han Zhiliang , Qu Xiangyang , Jin Mengtian , Deng Lili , Liang Qianqian , Jia Yuhang , Wang Huaping
Published: September 2023

As a low‐grade sustainable heat source, the human body provides a great driving force for converting heat into electric energy using thermoelectric materials, which can effectively power wearable electronics. However, the low thermoelectric conversion efficiency is not sufficient to achieve energy autonomy in the operation of wearable devices. Herein, wearable bacterial cellulose (BC) organogel‐based thermoelectrochemical cells (TECs) are designed and prepared with K4Fe(CN)6/K3Fe(CN)6 as a redox couple. The addition of propylene glycol significantly improves the mechanical properties of the TECs and drives K4Fe(CN)6 to gradually crystallize, resulting in the concentration gradient of redox ions, which significantly enhanced the heat‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency (from 1.27 to 2.30 mV K−1), proving that they are promising candidates for powering flexible and wearable devices in various application scenarios. The TECs are further assembled into self‐powered strain sensors, which can detect the movement of the human body under various tensions and pressures in real time with high sensitivity. This indicates that the BC organogel‐based TECs for self‐powered strain sensors have great application potential in the wearable field.
A Piezotronic and Magnetic Dual‐Gated Ferroelectric Semiconductor Transistor
Authors: Chi Mengshuang , Zhao Yilin , Zhang Xiang , Jia Mengmeng , Yu Aifang , Wang Zhong Lin , Zhai Junyi
Published: September 2023

Piezotronics is the coupling effect of the piezoelectric and semiconductor properties; however, the piezoelectric constant of the piezoelectric semiconductor is relatively small while the ferroelectric materials with large piezoelectric constant typically possess weak semiconductor properties, thus limiting the effective coupling coefficient of the piezotronic materials and devices. Here, a piezotronics and magnetic dual‐gated ferroelectric semiconductor transistor (PM‐FEST) is fabricated by Terfenol‐D, aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and ferroelectric semiconductor α‐In2Se3, which has a large piezoelectric coefficient, room‐temperature ferroelectricity, and dipole locking. The charge carrier transport and corresponding drain current of the PM‐FEST can be directly modulated by either the applied magnetic field or external strain. At a low magnetic field (<200 mT), the maximum current on/off ratio of α‐In2Se3 based PM‐FEST is as high as 1700%. Compared with traditional piezotronic devices, the PM‐FEST demonstrates a higher gauge factor (2.3 × 104) than that of the piezoelectric semiconductors. This work provides a possibility of realizing magnetism‐modulated electronics in semiconductors by exploiting the coupling of piezotronics and magnetostriction.
Self‐Assembled Nanofibrous Hydrogels with Tunable Porous Network for Highly Efficient Solar Desalination in Strong Brine
Authors: Li Hao , Zhang Weixin , Liu Jiawei , Sun Mingze , Wang Li , Xu Lizhi
Published: September 2023

Hydrogel‐based solar evaporators (HSEs) emerged as energy‐efficient designs for water purification due to the reduced vaporization enthalpy in the hydrated polymeric network. However, it remains challenging for HSEs to achieve stable performance in desalination, partly due to the tradeoff between desired evaporation dynamics and salt tolerance. Here, composite hydrogels with tunable self‐assembled nanofiber networks are exploited for the engineering of solar evaporators with both high evaporation performance and resistance to salt accumulation. The nanofibrous hydrogel solar evaporators (NHSEs) present an intrinsic open network with high porosity, above 90%, enabling continuous water channels for efficient mass transfer. Theoretical modeling captures the complex nexus between microstructures and evaporation performance by coupling water transfer, thermal conduction, and vaporization enthalpy during evaporation. The mechanistic understanding and engineering tuning of the composites lead to an optimum configuration of NHSEs, which demonstrate a stable evaporation rate of 2.85 kg m−2 h−1 during continuous desalination in 20% brine. The outstanding performance of NHSEs and the underlying design principles may facilitate further development of practical desalination systems.
Fundamentals, Advances, and Artifacts in Circularly Polarized Luminescence (CPL) Spectroscopy
Authors: Kitzmann Winald R. , Freudenthal John , Reponen Antti‐Pekka M. , VanOrman Zachary A. , Feldmann Sascha
Published: September 2023

Objects are chiral when they cannot be superimposed with their mirror image. Materials can emit chiral light with an excess of right‐ or left‐handed circular polarization. This circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) is key to promising future applications, such as highly efficient displays, holography, sensing, enantiospecific discrimination, synthesis of drugs, quantum computing, and cryptography. Here, a practical guide to CPL spectroscopy is provided. First, the fundamentals of the technique are laid out and a detailed account of recent experimental advances to achieve highly sensitive and accurate measurements is given, including all corrections required to obtain reliable results. Then the most common artifacts and pitfalls are discussed, especially for the study of thin films, for example, based on molecules, polymers, or halide perovskites, as opposed to dilute solutions of emitters. To facilitate the adoption by others, custom operating software is made publicly available, equipping the reader with the tools needed for successful and accurate CPL determination.