bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluations of Joseon Confucian Scholars on Shen Gui-bao’s Concept of Intelligence and Jeong Jae-gyu’s Understanding of it
Authors:   The Society for Asian Philosophy in Korea, Lee WonSeok
Published: August 2023

Jeong Jae-gyu (鄭載圭, 1843-1911) was a scholar in the late Joseon Dynasty who contributed to the solidification and formation of the Nosa school (蘆沙學派) through the publication of Nosajib (蘆沙集) and active lecture activities based on the independent acceptance of his teacher, Ki Jeong-jin (奇正鎭). He explained the concept of intelligence based on the definitions of Shen Gui-bao (沈貴珤), an early scholar of the Yuan Dynasty, and even though the volume was not large, he presented a deep analysis and a unique interpretation. Few Joseon Neo-Confucian scholars had explained the concept of intelligence based on Shen Gui-bao, so his attempts are unique. Shen Gui-bao explained, “the Intelligence includes the axis of change in the real world where the heavenly principles are inherent and has a mirror to judge the conflicts of human affairs”. Hu Bing-wen (胡炳文) used the explanation to justify his concept of intelligence. However, since intelligence is a principle, and the “axis of change in the real world” is also a principle, an unreasonable proposition of ‘principle includes principle’ can be established according to Shen Gui-bao’s definitions. Therefore, Kim Chang-hyeop (金昌協) and others criticized Shen Gui-bao, saying that such a proposition cannot be accepted. However, in the 19th century, Lee Hang-ro (李恒老) and Lee Jin-sang (李震相) showed a positive attitude toward Shen Gui-bao’s definitions. Jeong Jae-gyu, who partially accepted the influence of Lee Jin-sang, reaffirmed the fundamental position of intelligence through the phrase “Intelligence includes the axis of change in the real world”, and emphasized that intelligence is the basis for both moral judgment and the principle of perception. Furthermore, in the Neo-Confucian system, intelligence corresponds to a quiet virtue, so Jung Jae-gyu’s emphasis on it might lead to a theory of cultivation centered on solitude (靜), which can be confirmed in questions and answers shared with Ki Jung-jin, his writings, and poems.
Dooyeweerd, Modal Aspects and Dynamic Evangelism
Authors: Roques Mark , Yeadon Mark
Published: August 2023

The present work identifies the modal aspect theory as a tool capable of evaluating an evangelistic outreach event and an example of such an outreach event is analysed using this theory. The event considered involves the offer, in a public space, of hospitality in the form of refreshments to passers-by. Modal aspect theory is shown to be capable of dynamic and fruitful application. It provides valuable insights into the way in which a biblically faithful outreach event may be organised and executed in such a way as to avoid reductionist influences, including Platonic dualism, and instead facilitate the establishment of a visible instance of the community of God’s people gathered, under his kingdom reign, in a public space into which unbelievers are welcomed.
Readability Levels of Story Series Prepared for PIKTES
Authors: GÜNAYDIN Yusuf
Published: August 2023

Texts intended for language instruction need to possess specific attributes in order to be prepared in accordance with the learner's level and learning objectives, and to be correctly comprehended by the learner. For this purpose, a set of distinctive criteria has been formulated. Among these, the concept of readability holds prominence. This study aims to determine the readability of open reading materials tailored for children who are learning Turkish as a second language. The study materials encompassed the "Salih Story Series" and the "Aslı Story Series," curated for Turkish language instruction within the scope of the Project for Supporting the Integration of Syrian Children into the Turkish Education System (PIKTES). A total of 20 storybooks, forming two story series, designed for children aged 6 to 12 of Syrian and other foreign nationalities residing in Turkey, at A1 and A2 proficiency levels, were analyzed. This analysis encompassed syllable, word, and sentence lengths; average word and sentence lengths based on readability criteria by Ateşman (1997) and Çetinkaya-Uzun (2010); and readability scores and levels derived from these criteria. The objective was to individually evaluate and ascertain the readability levels of the stories. The research data indicated that the word and sentence counts of the stories exhibited variability according to their sequential arrangement within the series and demonstrated that there was no progressive increase in the readability of the stories, from simpler to more complex, easier to more difficult, or from known to unknown. Following a qualitative approach and designed in accordance with the method of document analysis, this study culminated in proposing recommendations aimed at the development of a formula for assessing the readability of reading texts to be employed in the instruction of Turkish as a second and foreign language. This formula takes into account comprehensibility, and suggestions were put forth regarding measures that can be undertaken to enhance readability.
Evolution of Cementite Substructure of Rails from Hypereutectoid Steel during Operation
Authors: Gromov Victor , Ivanov Yurii , Porfiriev Mikhail , Shliarova Yulia
Published: August 2023

Transmission electron microscopy methods were used to analyze the cementite substructure in the head of special-purpose long rails of DT400IK category made of hypereutectoid steel after long-term operation on an experimental track on the Russian Railways ring (the passed tonnage is 187 million tonnes). It is noted that the study of various aspects of cementite – its structure, morphology, chemical composition, crystal lattice defects is relevant. The steel structure is represented by three morphological components at a distance of 10 mm from the sample surface: lamellar perlite, fractured and fragmented perlite. The volume fraction of lamellar perlite in the material is 65%. It is shown that after operation, the cementite plates are bent and separated by ferrite bridges. In the plates of ferrite and cementite, a dislocation substructure is formed which is of chaotically distributed and network type in ferrite and of ordered type in cementite. An increased density of dislocations at ferrite-cementite interfaces compared to the volume of ferrite plates was noted. Two possible mechanisms of deformation transformation of lamellar perlite grains are indicated: fracture of cementite plates and carbon pulling out from the lattice of the carbide phase. It is indicated that in the dissolution of cementite plates, the interfacial boundaries “α-phase-cementite” play an important role. The removal of carbon from cementite plates occurs most intensively near defects in ferrite and cementite. The formed nanosized particles of tertiary cementite are unevenly distributed in the ferrite plates, most of them are observed at the locations of ferrite subgrains and interfacial boundaries. This results in non-uniform diffraction contrast in dark-field images of cementite plates. Nanosized particles of cementite can be taken out into the interlamellar space of pearlite colonies in the process of dislocation slip, or they are formed as a result of deformation decomposition, which is less likely. Fragmentation of ferrite and cementite plates is revealed and azimuthal components of total misorientation angles are estimated. The mechanisms of mass transfer of carbon atoms over interstitial sites, deformation vacancies, dislocation tubes, grain boundaries and fragments are considered. According to all the established patterns of the cementite substructure transformation, a comparison with the results for rails made of hypoeutectoid steel was performed.
Predicting Stock Prices Base on Price/Volume with Deep Learning and System Engineering Aggregate with Dynamic Behaviors and Trading Signals
Authors: Chiang Johannes k , Chi Renhe
Published: August 2023

Current stock market forecasting methods encompass fundamental, technical, emotional, and bargaining factors. Predominantly, price prediction hinges on order volume and price, although correlating these two within existing models proves challenging. This study employs Cycle Generative Adversarial Network (Cycle GAN) to unravel the intricate price-volume relationship, combining it with Bollinger Bands for trading signal analysis, overcoming hurdles in short-term forecasting prevalent in numerical analysis and AI. Focusing on TSMC (2330.TW) stock price, the research leverages Cycle GAN in deep learning to master the price-volume nexus, juxtaposed with LSTM and RNN. Historical TSMC closing prices and transaction counts are model inputs, scrutinizing their interconnectedness for predictions. This innovative approach aligns stock price, volume, market value, taxes, and prior changes via system engineering. By intertwining Bollinger Bands with stock price forecasts, trading signals are distilled, factoring in extended index %b for a comprehensive market picture.
Modelling of Spatial Data on Accuracy Value of Slum Areas Distribution in Palembang City, Indonesia
Authors: Sukmaniar Sukmaniar , Listyaningsih Umi , Muhidin Salut
Published: August 2023

This study focused on analyzing the distribution of slum areas in Palembang City, Indonesia, which is a consequence of urbanization in the urban areas through the Modeling of Spatial Data on Accuracy Value. To achieve this objective, the study employed a quantitative methodology with GPS data collection techniques to gather data on families living in slum areas. The data collected were analyzed using inverse distance weighted, kernel density, and spatial data modelling techniques. The results showed that slum areas near riverbanks have a higher population density, whereas those near riverbanks have a lower population density. The spatial data modelling analysis demonstrated that the distribution of slum areas was widely spread along the Musi River, with an accuracy value of 96.8%, which falls within the range of >0.9-1.
Uniform Attractors for a Lattice System Generated by Non-Autonomous Complex Flows
Authors: Gorban Nataliia , Kapustyan Oleksiy , Rüffer Björn , Stanzhytskyi Olexandr
Published: August 2023

In this paper we consider a lattice dynamical system generated by a non-autonomous parabolic equation modeling suspension flows. We prove the existence of uniform attractor for this system.
Application Raindrop Size Distribution Base on LSTM in Precipitation Forecasting in Guizhou
Authors: Fu-Zeng Wang , Xue-Jiao An , Qiu-Song Wang , Xiao-Ping Gu , Zi-Xin Li
Published: August 2023

Raindrop size distribution (RSD) is an index for reflecting precipitation characteristics. Analyzing the differences of RSD plays an important role in understanding the precipitation microphysical processes and improving quantitative precipitation prediction of radar. In this paper, the RSD data of Dafang (57708) station, Majang (57828) station, and Luodian (57916) station (with an altitude of 1722.7m, 985.0m, and 441.5m, respectively) in Guizhou are analyzed according to the precipitation microphysical characteristics. First,Particles with particle size less than 1mm contributes the highest value to the density of particle number , and decrease with the descending altitude. Second, the GAMMA distribution fit shows a better fit compare to M-P distribution fit, and GAMMA distribution fit increases with the ascending altitude. Third, the mass-weighted average diameter is not sensitive enough to the change of precipitation intensity with correlation coefficients of 54.84%, but there is a obvious relationship between the average volume diameter and the precipitation intensity with correlation coefficients of 69.15%. Then, the precipitation prediction model is established using LSTM neural network after fusing the representative microphysical characteristics of RSD with radar and rain gauge data. The precipitation prediction model is applied to the Dafang (57708) site to predict precipitation for time range of 0-180 minutes, and it is found that for the prediction of convective cloud and stratiform cloud precipitation, the 60-minute prediction results are the most consistent with the actual precipitation, where the correlation coefficients are 92.87% and 92.57%, respectively. Conclusively, the results demonstrate that combining with the RSD base data could improve the reliability of precipitation forecasting.
Effect of Dry Density and Moisture Content on The Kaolin-Brass Interfacial Shear Adhesion
Authors: Almasoudi Rayed , Abuel-Naga Hossam , Daghistani Firas
Published: August 2023

This study aims to assess the interface shear adhesion behaviour between compacted clay and a metallic surface. A new testing approach was developed in this study for this purpose. The proposed method is simple and requires neither advanced equipment nor special test procedures, and thus represents an improvement on existing practice in this field. The experimental program involves determining the interface shear adhesion strength of reconstituted Kaolin clay/metallic surface where the Kaolin clay testing specimens were compacted dynamically at different energy levels and moisture contents. In general, the results show that the interface shear adhesion strength increases as the dry density of the clay increases, whereas it decreases as the moisture content increases. Furthermore, the results in this study reveal a unique multistage interfacial shear adhesion strength behaviour as the moisture content changes that could be related to the compaction curve of the clay. The observed behaviour, in this study, could be interpreted in terms of the effect of clay dry density and moisture content on the contact area and moisture-induced capillary adhesion at clay particles-continuum interface surface.
Neither Zero-Catch Data nor Model Structure. Noisy Labels Are the Key Hindrance of Improving Fisheries Forecasting Performance
Authors: Li Zhexuan , Zhang Tianjiao
Published: August 2023

The zero-catch problem is a key issue in CPUE(Catch Per Unit Effort) standardization, and previous studies have treated all zero-catch data uniformly, but this actually loses some correctly-labeled samples. On the other hand, for the main catches with few zero-catch samples, the problem of low performance of fisheries forecasting remains unsolved even though the forecasting model structure is updating constantly, since we cannot know whether the samples are correctly recorded. In this paper, we propose a method based on confident learning theory to detect anomalous samples in the datasets and unify zero-catch and non-zero samples as noise through an overarching framework of learning with noisy labels, which reveals the heterogeneity among zero-catch samples (as well as among non-zero samples) and the homogeneity between zero-catch samples and non-zero samples. Using three species of tuna in the tropical Atlantic Ocean with the spatial resolution of 0.5 ◦ × 0.5 ◦ and time resolution of days from 2016 to 2019 as experimental material, performance on all three classical machine learning models(Random forest, Support Vector Machine and XGBoost) is significantly improved compared to each baseline.This confirms that we propose a self-adaptive, effective method for detecting and repairing anomalous samples in the fishery dataset.
Расчет эволюции волн Толлмина-Шлихтинга на основе глобального анализа устойчивости
Authors: Беляев К В , Belyaev K V , Гарбарук Андрей Викторович , Garbaruk Andrey Victorovich , Голубков Валентин Денисович , Golubkov Valentin Denisovich , Стрелец Михаил Хаимович , Strelets Mikhail Khaimovich
Published: August 2023

Представлена вычислительная методология, предназначенная для расчета пространственной эволюции волн Толлмина-Шлихтинга и показателя роста их амплитуды в существенно непараллельных потоках, базирующаяся на глобальном анализе устойчивости стационарных решений полной системы уравнений Навье-Стокса для сжимаемого газа. Описаны три этапа этой методологии (получение стационарного решения, проведение глобального анализа его устойчивости и постпроцессинг полученных результатов), и приведены результаты ее валидации путем сравнения результатов расчета характеристик волн Толлмина-Шлихтинга на плоской пластине с соответствующими результатами классической теории устойчивости в локально-однородном приближении. Представлен пример расчета обтекания пластины с прямоугольной выемкой, иллюстрирующий возможность применения предложенной методологии к непараллельным течениям.
Enhancing Consumer Protection in the Indonesian Financial Service Sector through the Utilization of Standardized Contracts
Authors: Abubakar Lastuti , Handayani Tri
Published: August 2023

The Financial Services Sector is a pioneer in developing standard contract regulations. This standard contract complements Contract Law that did not initially regulate standard contracts. This study aims to analyze the development of standard contract regulation in the Indonesian financial services sector. It examines aspects that require strengthening so that standard contracts can become a protecting consumer tool in the financial services sector. This study uses a normative juridical approach with a descriptive-analytical research specification. The results show that: 1) The development of standard contract regulations in the POJK on Consumer Protection used by Financial Service Business Actors (PUJK) contains the principles and prohibitions on including exoneration clauses and undue influence. This provision fills the legal vacuum regarding standard contracts that still refer to the freedom of contract principle and Book III of the Civil Code and other related regulations. The use of the standard contracts encourages PUJK to comprehend the importance of consumer protection; 2) OJK should strengthen regulatory aspects by issuing guidelines on standard contract formats and contain correct interpretations of the scope of undue influence and supervise the standards contract both directly and indirectly that have been implemented by PUJK.
Eliminating the Gap of Labor and Social Protection for the Workers of Platform-Based Transportation
Authors: Silaban Rekson , Ghafur Hanief Saha , Widiawaty Dyah , Basir Basir
Published: August 2023

This study aims to examines online transport business practices in Indonesia and assesses whether workers get decent labor protection. The study tries to provide the answer to the unresolved debate about what form of regulation to close the protection for platform work. The method used a descriptive-qualitative research design with the study case paradigm notably in online transportation sectors. Research data was obtained through in-depth semi-structured interviews with drivers from different apps in Jakarta, the Indonesia Capital City. The study found that the improvement of employment protection for workers can only be done by first clarifying the legal status of workers, and determining the form of employment protection that is suitable for them, which is made through a special regulation. The study proposes a way out by providing options based on selected countries experiences of different continents on how the platform should protected without hurting platform business.
El derecho ante la inteligencia artificial
Authors: Canchola Castro Antonio
Published: August 2023

La llamada inteligencia artificial (IA), para la cual no existe una definición acordada todavía, pues ésta tiene muchas facetas, es un acontecimiento de naturaleza técnica y económica de una magnitud inusitada. El derecho, como herramienta social de gobierno, de expresión de voluntades y de conducción pacífica requerirá pronunciarse con una fuerza no restrictiva, pero de contención y conducción ante lo que los expertos hoy en día consideran una amenaza similar a las pandemias o a la destrucción nuclear.
Escenarios de terror
Authors: Romero Reza Karina
Published: August 2023

Reseña de la exposición Alejandro G. Iñárritu, Carne y arena (virtually present, physicalli invisible), instalación. Craneway Pavillion, Richmond, California, 29 de diciembre de 2022.
Frágil como el futuro
Authors: Perez Campos Carlos Adrián
Published: August 2023

Poema breve sobre la crueldad de las falsas esperanzas.
MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE THINK-PAIR-SHARE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI ERA NEW NORMAL
Authors: Arif Mahya Fanny  , Nursafitri Laila , Yustitia Via
Published: August 2023

Pandemi covid-19 belum mereda. Hal ini berdampak pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran di sekolah. Pembelajaran di sekolah dasar baik yang dilaksanakan secara online maupun offline masih memiliki berbagai masalah. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan rekomendasi model pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan efekivitas pembelajaran siswa sekolah dasar di era new normal. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini berupa studi pustaka (literature review) yang menghasilkan informasi berupa catatan dan data deskriptif. Langkah metode yang digunakan yaitu 1) pemilihan topik; 2) eksplorasi informasi; 3) menentukan fokus penelitian; dan 4) pengumpulan sumber data. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan, maka dapat dinyatakan bahwa penerapan model cooperative learning tipe TPS terbukti efektif dan cocok untuk diterapkan di era new normal.
Effects of Road Transportation on Some Physiological Stress Measures in Anpera and Boerka Goats
Authors: Tresia Gresy Eva , Trisiana Arie Febre , Tiesnamurti Bess
Published: August 2023

Transporting livestock is a common practice in agriculture, but it can be a stressful situation for the animals. This stress can lead to physiological responses like live weight loss, changes in blood cortisol levels, and immune suppression. Goats are particularly sensitive to transportation stress and stress-induced diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of road transport on the physiological condition of 33 goats (13 Anpera goats and 20 Boerka goats) transported for 72 hours over approximately ±2.000 km. Live weight loss was determined by comparing the body weights of the goats before and after transportation. We measured psychological responses (heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature), blood parameters (Blood urea nitrogen/BUN, creatinine, glucose), cortisol, and hematological parameters. The results showed that transportation caused an average weight loss of 4.05 kg/head (14.22%). Heart rate decreased by 14.71 x/minute after transport, while respiratory rate and rectal temperature increased by 8.44 x/minute and 0.41 units, respectively. BUN levels increased by approximately 10.92 mg/dL (35%) and glucose levels increased by approximately 30.07 mg/dL (48%). Hematological parameters also showed significant changes, with transportation causing alterations in WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, and MCH levels. The study also showed an interaction between the sex and breed of goats on BUN, glucose, MCV, MCH. The comparison between Anpera goats and Boerka showed that transportation had significant influence on heart rate, rectal temperature, cortisol, RBC, haemoglobin, RDW. In conclusion, transportation for 72 hours caused stress on goats, leading to weight loss, changes in psychological behavior, and blood parameters, and the breed and sex of the goats played a crucial role in the observed changes.
Sperm Longevity and Motility in Ringer’s Lactate Solution with Addition of Egg Yolk among Five Phenotypes of Kokok Balenggek Chicken
Authors: Ananda Ananda , Jaswandi Jaswandi , Rusfidra Rusfidra , Gusdinal Harif
Published: August 2023

The application of cryopreservation to preserve germplasm in such specific breed requires preliminary studies, primarily related to the resistance of spermatozoa to low temperatures (4 – 5 °C) as measured by their motility and longevity. In this study, semen taken from five phenotypes of Kokok Balengeek Chicken (KBC) (Biriang, Jalak, Kinantan, Kuriak, and Taduang) was used to evaluate the effect of Ringer’s Lactate-egg yolk diluent on longevity and motility of spermatozoa. The treatments consisted of Ringer’s Lactate (RL) solution added with egg yolk at a concentration of 1% (RLKT1), 3% (RLKT3), and 5% (RLKT5). Evaluation of fresh semen showed that the spermatozoa of Jalak had the highest motility, namely 75.63 ± 0.5% (P<0.05). Post-dilution longevity and motility observations were carried out at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h, significantly decreasing each time (P<0.05). The lowest range of reduction was found in Jalak spermatozoa diluted with RL with longevity of 7.75 ± 0.70 days. Overall, the RL diluent showed the highest motility after 24 h, namely 41.13 ± 2.27%. Adding egg yolks to Ringer's Lactate solution could not maintain the motility of KBC spermatozoa when stored at 4-5°C for 48-72 h.
Effectiveness Performance of Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) to Increase Hatchability of KUB Chicken Eggs in Artificial Hatchery
Authors: Lase Jonathan Anugrah , Hasyim Aulia Rahmad , Alwiyah Alwiyah , Surya Surya , Suroto Suroto , Hutagalung Mustafa , Harahap Siti Maryam , Ramija Khadijah El , Lestari Dian , Mendrofa Verika Armansyah
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of 40°C warm water and sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl) on the hatchability of KUB chickens through artificial hatchery. The NaOCl concentrations used in this study were 0.25% and 0.5%. The hatching eggs used are the production of KUB hens which are kept intensively in the UPBS Poultry Departmen, Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) of North Sumatra. The research procedures applied in this study were collection of hatching eggs, fumigation of machines and equipment, setting of machines and hatching eggs, washing of eggs with cherry leaf extract and hatching of eggs for 21 days. During the hatching process, observations were made on the variables that had been determined. The observed variables were egg shape index, egg weight loss, shell temperature and hatchability. The method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 300 replications. The results showed that the shape index of the eggs that hatched in this study was 76.71 - 77.38%, the P2 treatment experienced the most stable weight loss compared to other treatments. The conclusion in this study P2 (0.25% NaOCl) effective in the highest egg hatchability.
Successful use of HTF as a basal fertilization medium during SEcuRe mouse in vitro fertilization
Authors: Wigger Magdalena , Schneider Marco , Feldmann Anni , Assenmacher Sonja , Zevnik Branko , Tröder Simon E.
Published: August 2023

Objective: The ever-increasing number of genetically engineered mouse models highlights the need for efficient archiving and distribution of these lines. Sperm cryopreservation has become the preferred technique for the majority of these models due to its low requirement of costs, time, and experimental animals. Yet, current in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocols either exhibit decreased fertilization efficiency for the most popular C57BL/6 strain, as recently demonstrated by us, or require costly and difficult-to-prepare media, respectively. As a result, we previously developed SEcuRe, a modified IVF protocol with low costs and high fertilization efficiency. The popular basal fertilization medium, Cook’s® proprietary “Research Vitro Fert” (RVF), used in this protocol has recently been discontinued. As a result, the application of the SEcuRe approach and other IVF protocols employing this medium has been severely limited.
Results: Here we show that human tubal fluid (HTF), a popular and widely available medium with a known composition, can be used as a basal fertilization medium instead of RVF. Comparison of RVF and HTF during 58 independent SEcuRe IVFs with cryopreserved C57BL/6 sperm revealed equal fertilization and live rates. In addition, we demonstrate that HTF has a substantially extended shelf-life by utilizing commercial HTF that was six months past its expiration date, yet did not affect fertilization during IVF or subsequent embryo development. This finding not only increases the economic value of our modified method, but also validates it once more. Our results demonstrate that common, shelf-life extended HTF can be used in SEcuRe IVF in place of now-discontinued RVF medium and ensure the applicability of the method, which we since termed SEcuRe 2.0. Our modified SEcuRe 2.0 strategy will assist researchers to efficiently archive and distribute genetically engineered mouse models in a cost-effective, easily adaptable, and 3R-compliant manner with minimal animal use.
Microstructure and hydrogen embrittlement of Q690 bainitic steel welded using electron beam
Authors: yang Pengcong , Fu Kuijun , Wu Yumin , Wang Jiaji , Hu Fengya , Song Yulai
Published: August 2023

In this study, Q690 bainitic steel was welded through vacuum electron beam welding under currents of 350 and 500 mA, resulting in samples with different microstructures and fusion and heat-affected zones. Furthermore, H2S immersion tests were performed to determine the susceptibility of the welded microstructure to hydrogen embrittlement. The results indicated fracture occurrence in the coarse-grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) and the fusion zone of the samples welded under currents of 350 and 500 mA, respectively. Under the 350-mA welding current, fracture occurred in the CGHAZ because of the high dislocation density in the bainitic ferrite plates and the low amount of retained austenite in the CGHAZ. Under the 500-mA current, hydrogen embrittlement and fracture occurred because of the high welding-induced heat input that led to coarse precipitation and micro-void coalescence in the upper bainite of the fusion zone.
The necessity of gait evaluation on the 7th day after tap tests for the idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients.
Authors: Oike Ryo , Inoue Yasuaki , Ota Yoshiaki , Sorimachi Takatoshi
Published: August 2023

Background
A tap test is established as an evaluation method to indicate shunt surgery for hydrocephalus, especially idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). The timing of gait assessment after the test is still controversial, while some studies reported the effectiveness of the gait evaluation up to 2nd day after tap tests. Our study explored whether the gait evaluation on the 7th day after a tap test is necessary.
Methods
We retrospectively evaluated 129 consecutive cases with possible iNPH who performed gait assessment on all 1st, 3rd, and 7th days after tap tests between May 2020 and February 2022. We reviewed the following items of the patients: age, sex, modified Rankin scale, iNPH grading scale, Mini-Mental State Evaluation (MMSE), and neurological imaging. The number of probable iNPH patients who improved their gait each day after the test was analyzed. We also assessed the number of definite iNPH patients and revealed the background characteristics of the patients who showed gait improvement on the 7th day after the tests.
Results
Of the 129 patients who met our inclusion criteria, 57 were judged as probable iNPH on the 1st day, 28 were new on the 3rd, and 23 were new on the 7th. The number of probable iNPH patients up to the 7th day after testswas significantly more extensive than that of those up to the 3rd (108 [83.7%] vs. 85 [65.9%]; 95% confidence interval [CI], p < 0.0001). The number of definite iNPH patients was also significantly more prominent when the evaluation after the tests was performed on all of the 1st, the 3rd, and the 7th days than just on the 1st (72 vs. 42; 95% CI, p = 0.00016) or both of the 1st and the 3rd (72 vs. 61; 95% CI, p = 0.00074). No statistically significant difference existed in the patients’ backgrounds except for the pre-tap test MMSE.
Conclusion
Gait evaluation on the 7th day after tap tests, in addition to the first few days, may reduce the number of iNPH patients who miss the opportunity of getting beneficial treatment.
The regular study of the influence of rotational speed and height on the mixing performance ofArc-Blade stirrer at different blade diameters
Authors: Lingyan Ma , Li Yibin , Zhou Huan , Tie Xingyu , Zhao Rensheng , Zhou Wenhan
Published: August 2023

By comparing and analysing the mixing time, the mixing energy per unit volume, power, the solid phase particle distribution and turbulent kinetic energy variation at different blade diameters of Arc-Blade stirrer at different heights and rotational speeds. The results show that as the blade diameter increases, the influence of rotational speed on mixing time and solid phase particle motion decreases and then increases, and the influence on power and turbulent kinetic energy increases, with no significant influence on the mixing energy per volume. As the blade diameter increases, the degree of influence of the height on mixing time and solid phase particle motion decreases, then increases and then decreases, with no significant influence on power and turbulent kinetic energy.When the height is lower than H/3, the blade diameter increases and the degree of influence of height on the mixing energy per unit volume first increases and then decreases. Conversely, the degree of influence of height on the mixing energy per unit volume increases.The research can explain to a certain extent the degree of influence of blade diameter on the flow field when the design parameters change, and can provide theoretical guidance for mechanical mixing, which has certain engineering application significance.
Polypharmacy in the elderly cancer patients receiving systemic therapy is associated with more unpredicted hospitalizations.
Authors: Bandidwattanawong Chanyoot , Rattanaserikulchai Puttimon , Jetsadavanit Nontakorn
Published: August 2023

Objectives: Cancer is the disease of the ageing. Most of the elderly cancer patients have pre-existing illnesses requiring complexity of medical care. Excessive medications would lead not only futility, but also result in adverse outcomes especially if such over-prescription is not appropriate. This study was intended to determine the prevalence of polypharmacy (PP) and potentially-inappropriate medications (PIMs) among elderly cancer patients eligible for active cancer care and their associations with hospitalization and mortality.
Materials and methods: This was a prospective cohort study conducted among the elderly non-hematologic cancer patients (> 65 years old) whom a medical oncologist had decided suitable for systemic cancer therapy. Demographic data including age, sex, primary site of cancer, cancer stage at diagnosis, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), numbers and kinds of medications used both prior to and during cancer treatment were recorded. Hospitalizations not related to systemic cancer therapy administration and mortality were prospectively monitored. All of the patients had to be followed at least one year after cancer diagnosis.
Results: There were 180 eligible participants. Median age in years (IQR) was 68 (65-73). One hundred patients (55.56%) were male and 80 patients (44.44%) were female. Breast (35, 19.44%), pulmonary (31, 17.22%) and colorectal (18, 10%) cancers were the most common diagnoses. Eighty-six patients (47.78%) had metastatic disease at cancer diagnosis. One hundred twenty-two patients (67.78%) had PP (> 5 medications a day) and thirty-six patients (20%) had hyper-PP (> 10 medications a day). One hundred twenty five of the whole cohort (69.4%) had PIMs. Patients with more serious CCI scores were associated with PP and hyper-PP. Factors correlated with 1-year mortality were more advanced age group (70 years old or more) (OR 2.244; 95% C.I.,1.14-4.415; p = 0.019), primary pulmonary cancer (OR 2.892; 95% C.I.,1.448-5.775; p = 0.003), metastatic disease at cancer diagnosis (OR 4.459; 95% C.I.,1.903-10.97; p = 0.001), and repeated unexpected hospitalizations (OR 3.093; 95% C.I.,1.597-5.989; p = 0.001). The corrected PP (excluding opioids, laxatives and anti-emetics) did not associate with 1-year survival. While male gender (OR 2.349; 95% C.I., 1.173-4.706); p = 0.016), metastatic stage at cancer diagnosis 2.742; 95% C.I., 1.328-5.663; p = 0.006) and corrected PP (OR 1.898; 95% C.I. 1.012-3.557; p = 0.046) were the significant predictive factors of repeated unexpected hospitalizations.
Conclusion: Among elderly cancer patients suitable for systemic cancer therapy, around two thirds of patients had PP and PIMs. Higher CCI score was the only significant predictor of PP; while primary pulmonary cancer was the sole independent factor predicting PIMs. PP was associated with repeated unexpected hospitalization, albeit not the survival.
MPZL2—A common autosomal recessive deafness gene related to moderate sensorineural hearing loss in the Chinese population
Authors: Zhang Lang , Yang Jin-Yuan , Wang Qiu-Quan , Gao Xue , Wang Guo-Jian , Han Ming-Yu , Kang Dong-Yang , Han Dong-Yi , Huang Sha-Sha , Yuan Yong-Yi
Published: August 2023

Background: Mutations in MPZL2, the characteristic genetic etiology of autosomal recessive deafness loci 111 (DFNB111), cause non-syndromic and moderate sensorineural hearing loss.
Methods: In this study, we analyzed the phenotype and genotype of 8 pedigrees consisting of 10 deaf patients with bi-allelic pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in MPZL2. These patients were identified from a 3272 Chinese patient cohort who underwent genetic testing.
Results: Apart from symmetrical and moderate sensorineural hearing loss, the MPZL2-related phenotype was characterized by progressive hearing loss with variation in the onset age (congenital defect to onset at the young adult stage). We determined that in the Chinese population, the genetic load of MPZL2 defects was 0.24% (8/3272) in patients diagnosed with hearing loss and 13.11% (8/61) in patients diagnosed with hereditary moderate sensorineural hearing loss caused by STRC, OTOA, OTOG, OTOGL, TECTA, and MPZL2 variants. Three known MPZL2 variants (c.220C>T (p.Gln74*), c.68delC (p.Pro23Leufs*2), c.463delG (p.Ala155Leufs*10)) and a novel start loss variant (c.3G>T (p.Met1?)) were identified. A 3D model of wild type and mutants of myelin protein zero-like 2 (MPZL2) was constructed and spatial structure analysis revealed that mutational susceptibility in the signal peptide domain might be explained by the instability of the loop structure. By allele frequency analysis, MPZL2 c.220C>T was identified as the hotspot variant in the Chinese population and even in East Asia compared with c.72delA (p.Ile24Metfs*22) in European and West Asia.
Conclusions: We concluded that apart from moderate HL, progressive HL is another character of MPZL2-related HL, although no specified variant was verified for the progression of HL, and the penetrance and expressivity cannot be determined yet. A novo MPZL2 variant at the start codon was identified which enriched the variant spectrum of MPZL2. The hotspot variants of MPZL2 vary in different ethnicities. This study provides valuable data for the diagnosis, prognosis evaluation and genetic counseling of patients with moderate sensorineural hearing loss related to MPZL2.
The Association between Cognitive Impairment and Body Composition among the Elderly: Birjand Longitudinal Aging Study
Authors: Kashal Fatemeh Ramezani , Nouredini Golnoush , Hezaveh Zohreh Sajadi , Fakhrzadeh Hossein , Moodi Mitra , Khorashadizadeh Masoumeh , Khodabakhshi Huriye , Arzaghi Seyed Masoud , Ebrahimpour Mahboubeh , Payab Moloud , Ejtahed Hanieh-Sadat , Sharifi Farshad
Published: August 2023

Background: The population of older adults has been steadily increasing around the world. We aimed to assess the possible relationship between cognitive decline and anthropometric indices in older adults, using data from the Birjand longitudinal aging study (BLAS).
Methods: In this cross-sectional research, the association between cognitive impairment (Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test (6-CIT)) and (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)) and body composition indices including waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist to height ratio (WHtR), waist to hip ratio (WHR), body roundness index (BRI) and a body shape index (ABSI) were assessed among 1353 elderly ≥ 60 years old, participating in the BLAS cohort study (September 2018 to April 2019). Ordinal and binary logistic regression were used for analysis.
Results: According to the MMSE test, 58.3% of participants had cognitive impairment while this frequency was 64.2% based on 6-CIT test. A significant reverse association was observed between cognitive decline according to 6-CIT test and BMI, WHR and, WC (P<0.05). Cognitive impairment according to MMSE was inversely associated with WC and directly associated with WHtR and ABSI in the crude model, which disappeared after adjustment for confounders. BRI was not significantly related to any of the cognitive tests. According to BMI and WC, overweight and obesity could reduce the risk of cognitive impairment.
Conclusions: Overall, the result of this study showed that the risk of cognitive decline reduced among the elderly as BMI, WC, and WHR increased.
An Investigation of the On-board Microwave Radiometer of Satellite Altimetry for Studying the Atmosphere Variability
Authors: Abdullah Noor , Wijaya Dudy D. , Meilano Irwan , Kuntjoro Wedyanto , Tanuwijaya Zamzam , Abdillah Muhammad , Nurzaman Fathin
Published: August 2023

Since its first launching, the ability of satellite Altimetry in providing reliable and accurate ocean geophysical information of the sea surface height (SSH), significant wave height (SWH), and wind speed has been proven by numerous research, as it was designed for observing the ocean dynamics through nadir range measurement between satellite and the sea surface. However, to achieve high level accuracy, environmental and geophysical effects on the range measurement must be accurately determined and corrected, in particularly the effects from the atmospheric water vapor which can divert altimeter range up to 3–45 cm. Thus, satellite Altimetry is originally equipped by the on-board microwave radiometer to measure the water vapour content for correcting the range measurement. To our knowledge, no one has attempted to apply the on-board radiometer for atmospheric studies. In this present work, we attempt to optimize the on-board radiometer data for studying the atmosphere variability due to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena. We convert the on-board water vapor data into the precipitable water vapour (PWV), and we then investigate whether the derived PWV can capture the variability of ocean-atmosphere phenomena due to ENSO as accurate as the traditional Altimetry-derived sea level anomaly (SLA). Based on our analysis using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF), the results show convincing argument that Altimetry-derived PWV are reliable in examining the atmospheric fluctuation as the correlation of its primary principal component time series (PC1) with Oceanic Nino Index is higher (0.87) than SLA (0.80). The correlations between two dominant principal components (PC1 and PC2) of PWV and SLA are high, which are approximately 0.93 and − 0.67 for PC1 and PC2, respectively. These results may reinforce the confidence in the ability of satellite Altimetry for ocean-atmospheric studies.
Compatibility of Calycosin-Tanshinone IIA improves Ang II-induced renal artery endothelial cell dysfunction through lncRNA-mRNA coexpression network
Authors: YanYun Jiang , Cong Han , WanLi Xu , YuQiu Li , Liu Yao
Published: August 2023

Background
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to have a significant impact on the development of endothelial dysfunction. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism underlying the compatibility of Calycosin-Tanshinone IIA in mitigating the dysfunction of rat renal artery endothelial cells (RRAECs) through the coexpression network of lncRNA-mRNA remains uncertain.
Methods
In the present investigation, an experimental model of endothelial cell injury was established by subjecting RRAECs to Ang II (5×10− 7mol/L) for a duration of 24 h. Subsequently, this model was treated with a combination of Calycosin (3mg/L) and Tanshinone Ⅱ (3mg/L). The changes in total ATP levels and autophagy function in RRAECs were evaluated using the ATP assay and dansylcadaverine (MDC) staining, respectively. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and transwell assay were utilized to quantify the apoptosis rate and migration function of RRAECs. Moreover, the utilization of RNA-sequencing technology facilitated the identification of differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and mRNAs between various groups. Subsequently, a coexpression network between DE lncRNAs and mRNAs was constructed, followed by the implementation of GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses to elucidate the functional implications of the DE mRNAs interacting with lncRNAs within this network.
Results
The compatibility of Calycosin and Tanshinone IIA had the ability to activate autophagy, decrease apoptosis rate, enhance total ATP levels, and facilitate migration of RRAECs induced by Ang II. The sequencing data demonstrated that the compatibility of Calycosin and Tanshinone IIA reversed the disordered expression of 146 DE lncRNAs and 43 DE mRNAs in Ang Ⅱ-induced RRAECs. Furthermore, a lncRNA-mRNA coexpression network consisting of 28 DE lncRNAs and 7 DE mRNAs was established. GO enrichment analyses unveiled that the DE mRNAs that interacted with lncRNAs within this network were involved in the regulation of ATPase activity, arachidonic acid metabolic process, triglyceride metabolic process. Moreover, the KEGG pathways demonstrated a significant enrichment of the MAPK signaling pathway.
Conclusions
The potential of Calycosin and Tanshinone IIA compatibility to mitigate the dysfunction of RRAECs induced by Ang II, possibly through the involvement of the lncRNA-mRNA coexpression network, suggested a promising avenue for intervention in delaying the progression of hypertensive renal damage.
Academic Transition from High School to an Undergraduate Medical Program Using Active Methodologies Within an Integrated Curriculum One Qualitative Research
Authors: Silva Alexandre , Quaresma Juarez , Silva Enzo
Published: August 2023

Introduction: When transitioning from high school to an undergraduate medical program that uses active teaching methodologies, students often encounter clear obstacles in their first semester, such as breaking down disciplinary barriers, adapting to the dynamics of different curricular components, adjusting to an evaluation process that is different from what they are used to, as well as a lack of understanding of the program’s pedagogical proposal.
Objective: This study aims to understand the challenges faced by medical undergraduate students in their first semester, specifically in relation to the use of active teaching methodologies within an integrated curriculum.
Method: A qualitative study was conducted through interviews with 15 students from a private medical school who started in the first semester of 2018. The data was categorized and subjected to discourse analysis.
Results: The interviewees reported difficulties in understanding the educational proposal. Although they viewed the experience of adapting to the course's methodology positively, they found it challenging. They reported that there was insufficient explanation about the evaluation processes and proposed that clearer educational objectives be established for the students.
Conclusion: The need for a more comprehensive explanation of the pedagogical project and its teaching strategies, the importance of valuing practical training in health services, and the clarification of evaluation processes and educational objectives were highlighted by the interviewed students as key pillars for a successful transition from high school to medical education.