bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As Imagens no jardim da técnica:
Authors: Castro Silva Jaison , Said Gustavo Fortes
Published: September 2021

O artigo realiza a investigação de textos do filósofo Walter Benjamin, tais como “Experiência e pobreza” (1933), “O Narrador” (1935) e “A Obra de arte na época de sua reprodutibilidade técnica” (1936), e aqueles diretamente sobre o tempo e a teoria do conhecimento, como o Konvolut N, de as Passagens (1929-1940), a fim de elucidar a “imagem técnica” no pensamento desse autor a partir da categoria “dispositivo midiático” em sua colaboração para a reflexão sobre a produção de subjetividades. Esses elementos possuem como base o “princípio construtivo” da montagem cinematográfica, em direta conjunção com as vanguardas culturais 1920/1930, a experiência estética moderna e o pensamento freudiano, o que evidencia no modelo epistemológico proposto por Benjamin uma peculiar e original conjunção entre estética e conhecimento. O texto foi preparado com método de revisão bibliográfica.
Mulheres negras
Authors: Dos Santos Taynara Rafaela
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo evidenciar as mulheres negras na história do Brasil a partir de uma análise historiográfica, tendo como ponto de partida a premissa de que nosso país é marcado por violências empreendidas a essa parcela da população que se vê empurrada à realidade da subalternização desde a época da colonização. Ao mapearmos essas narrativas criadas que se centram na mulher negra enquanto sujeito histórico, iremos entender quais foram os caminhos e os percalços enfrentados e, também, como se desenvolveram as formas de resistência encontradas para garantir a sua sobrevivência, de suas famílias e comunidades. Contudo, evidenciamos que não é possível pensar a mulher negra sem inseri-la nos marcadores de gênero e de raça, salientando sobre este último que os estudos históricos podem e devem encarar os grupos raciais como heterogêneos, levando em consideração a existência de múltiplas identidades etnicorraciais e, assim, buscando a compreensão de suas especificidadesque devem ser observadas à luz do regime de historicidade do qual grupos racializados estão entrepostos. Deste modo, a perspectiva decolonial e o feminismo negro nos auxiliará a refletir aspectos inerentes ao movimento das mulheres negras brasileiras que ao longo do tempo jamais se conformaram com o lugar da opressão e que por meio de enfrentamentos e de lutas visaram transformar suas realidades.
Entrevista a Artemisa Senmedo
Authors: Gonzalez Marizol
Published: September 2021

---
A blood-mimicking fluid with cholesterol as scatter particles for wall-less carotid artery phantom applications
Authors:   Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Science, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia, Dakok Kyermang Kyense , Matjafri Mohammed Zubir ,   Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Science, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia, Suardi Nursakinah ,   Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Science, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia, Oglat Ammar Anwar ,   Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan, Nabasu Seth Ezra Nabasu ,   Department of Physics, Plateau State University Bokkos, P.O Box 2012, Plateau Sate, Nigeria
Published: September 2021

Aim of the study: At present, there are few scatter particles used in preparing blood-mimicking fluids, such as nylon, sephadex, polystyrene microsphere, and poly(4-methystyrene). In this study, we present cholesterol as a new scatter particle for blood-mimicking fluid preparation. Materials and methods: The procedure for the preparation of the proposed blood-mimicking fluid involved the use of propylene glycol, D(+)-Glucose and distilled water to form a ternary mixture fluid, with cholesterol used as scatter particles. Polyethylene glycol was first used as part of the mixture fluid but the acoustic and physical properties were not suitable, leading to its replacement with D(+)-Glucose, which is soluble in water and has a higher density. A common carotid artery wall-less phantom was also produced to assess the flow properties. Results: The prepared blood-mimicking fluid with new scatter particles has a density of 1.067 g/cm3, viscosity of 4.1 mPa.s, speed of sound 1600 m/s, and attenuation of 0.192 dB/cm at 5 MHz frequency. Peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity and mean velocity measurements were gotten to be 40.2 ± 2.4 cm/s, 9.9 ± 1.4 cm/s, and 24.0 ± 1.8 cm/s, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, the blood-mimicking fluid was found suitable for ultrasound applications in carotid artery wall-less phantoms because of its good acoustic and physical properties.
Signs and lines in lung ultrasound
Authors:   Department of Radiodiagnosis, SLBS Medical College, Mandi (HP), India, Bhoil Rohit , Ahluwalia Ajay ,   Department of Radiodiagnosis, SLBS Medical College, Mandi (HP), India, Chopra Rajesh ,   Department of CTVS, IGMC Shimla (HP), India, Surya Mukesh ,   Department of Radiodiagnosis, SLBS Medical College, Mandi (HP), India, Bhoil Sabina ,   Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia, IGMC Shimla (HP), India
Published: September 2021

Point-of-care ultrasound has become firmly established in acute and critical care settings, and is now increasingly being used as an important tool in the assessment of the lungs. In this article, we briefly describe the technique of lung ultrasound and the various lines and signs commonly encountered during sonography of the lung, namely the normally visualised A- and T-lines and the bat sign, sliding sign (power slide sign on colour Doppler), sea-shore sign, curtain sign, and the lung pulse. We have also described signs seen in various pathological conditions like B-lines seen in cases of increased lung density; the quad sign, sinusoid sign, thoracic spine sign, plankton sign and the jelly fish sign seen in pleural effusion; the stratosphere sign and the lung point sign seen in pneumothorax; the shred/fractal sign and tissue-like sign in consolidation, and the double lung point sign seen in transient tachypnoea of the newborn. With adequate and appropriate training, lung ultrasound can be effectively utilised as a pointof-care investigation.
New perspective on median arcuate ligament syndrome. Case reports
Authors:   Department for Genetics and Pathology of the Pomeranian Medical University, Self-education Ultrasound Club, Szczecin, Poland, Smereczyński Andrzej , Kołaczyk Katarzyna ,   Department for Genetics and Pathology of the Pomeranian Medical University, Self-education Ultrasound Club, Szczecin, Poland, Kiedrowicz Radosław ,   Department of Cardiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
Published: September 2021

A large group of patients with significant asymptomatic or low-symptomatic coeliac trunk stenosis require deeper consideration. On angiography, CT and MRI, 10–24% of examined patients are found to have their coeliac trunk compressed by the median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm. The associated median arcuate ligament syndrome, which is also called coeliac trunk compression syndrome or Dunbar syndrome, is rarely fully symptomatic. It is estimated that there are up to 7% of patients with such a clinical presentation. An asymptomatic or low-symptomatic course of the disease in patients with the syndrome is mainly explained by a developed collateral circulation, particularly involving the arterial arcades of the head of pancreas. In such cases, CT angiography detects collateral circulation in 22–69.6% of examined patients. The present authors often observed coeliac trunk blood flow to normalise in a standing position. According to them, the main causative factor for this phenomenon is the deflection of the coeliac trunk and its compression against the aorta by a lowered left lobe of the liver. The researchers observed it in many individuals; in this study, 5 cases are presented.
Immersion pulmonary oedema in a triathlete – a diagnostic challenge in sports cardiology
Authors:   Department of Sports Cardiology and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Sobieszek Anna , Konopka Marcin ,   Department of Sports Cardiology and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Cacko Marek ,   Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Mazovia Brodno Hospital, Warsaw, Poland,   Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Kuch Marek ,   Department of Cardiology, Hypertension and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, Mazovia Brodno Hospital, Warsaw, Poland, Braksator Wojciech ,   Department of Sports Cardiology and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Published: September 2021

Immersion pulmonary oedema, also referred to as swimming-induced pulmonary oedema, is a form of pulmonary oedema which usually occurs during swimming in cold water. The condition is most common in triathlon athletes; it was first reported in military divers. The main symptoms include acute dyspnoea, cough, and occasionally haemoptysis, which usually subside within approximately 48 hours. The pathomechanism is not fully understood, but oedema is suspected to be due to an increased systemic vascular resistance that overloads the left ventricle. The diagnostic process can be challenging and require multiple stages to rule out a number of other possible conditions. In view of the circumstances in which incidents typically occur, immersion pulmonary oedema poses an immediate life threat to individuals involved in selected forms of physical activity, where survival is often determined by appropriate training of medical services.
The mechanical response of micron-sized molecular crystals
Authors: Barr Christopher M. , Cooper Marcia , Lechman Jeremy , Bufford Daniel C.
Published: September 2021

Microstructures and corresponding properties of compacted powders ultimately depend on the mechanical response of individual particles. In principle, computational simulations can predict the results of powder compaction processes, but the selection of appropriate models for both particle–particle interactions and particle deformations across all relevant length scales remain nontrivial tasks, especially in material systems lacking detailed mechanical property information. The work presented here addresses these issues by conducting uniaxial compressions in situ inside of a scanning electron microscope to characterize the mechanical response of individual micron-sized particles of a molecular crystal, hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20). This experimental approach enabled the collection of quantitative force and displacement data alongside simultaneous imaging to capture morphology changes. The results reveal information about elastic deformation, yield, plastic deformation, creep, and fracture phenomena. Accordingly, this work demonstrates a generalizable approach for assessing the mechanical response of individual micron-sized molecular crystal particles and utilizing those responses in particle-level models.

Graphic abstract
Investigation of random-structure regular LDPC codes construction based on progressive edge-growth and algorithms for removal of short cycles
Authors: Durcek Viktor , Kuba Michal , Dado Milan
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates the construction of random-structure LDPC (low-density parity-check) codes using Progressive Edge-Growth (PEG) algorithm and two proposed algorithms for removing short cycles (CB1 and CB2 algorithm; CB stands for Cycle Break).
Progressive Edge-Growth is an algorithm for computer-based design of random-structure LDPC codes, the role of which is to generate a Tanner graph (a bipartite graph, which represents a parity-check matrix of an error-correcting channel code) with as few short cycles as possible. Short cycles, especially the shortest ones with a length of 4 edges, in Tanner graphs of LDPC codes can degrade the performance of their decoding algorithm, because after certain number of decoding iterations, the information sent through its edges is no longer independent.
The main contribution of this paper is the unique approach to the process of removing short cycles in the form of CB2 algorithm, which erases edges from the code's parity-check matrix without decreasing the minimum Hamming distance of the code. The two cycle-removing algorithms can be used to improve the error-correcting performance of PEG-generated (or any other) LDPC codes and achieved results are provided. All these algorithms were used to create a PEG LDPC code which rivals the best-known PEG-generated LDPC code with similar parameters provided by one of the founders of LDPC codes.
The methods for generating the mentioned error-correcting codes are described along with simulations which compare the error-correcting performance of the original codes generated by the PEG algorithm, the PEG codes processed by either CB1 or CB2 algorithm and also external PEG code published by one of the founders of LDPC codes
The effect of cold rolling and high-temperature gas nitriding on austenite phase formation in AISI 430 SS
Authors: Kartika Ika , Kurnia Kevin , Senopati Galih , Triwardono Joko , Hermanto Bambang , Rokhmanto Fendy , Dwijaya Made Subekti , Alfirano Alfirano
Published: September 2021

Austenitic stainless steel is the most commonly used material in the production of orthopedic prostheses. In this study, AISI 430 SS (0.12 wt. % C; 1 wt. % Si; 1 wt. % Mn; 18 wt. % Cr; 0.04 wt. % P and 0.03 wt. % S) will be modified by creating austenite and removing its ferromagnetic properties via the high-temperature gas nitriding process. Cold rolling with various percentage reduction (30, 50, and 70 %) was followed by gas nitriding at a temperature of 1200 °C with holding times of 5, 7, and 9 hours, then quenching in water was carried out on as-annealed AISI 430 SS. The formation of the austenite phase was examined by XRD (x-ray diffraction). The microstructure and element dispersion were observed using SEM-EDS (scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometry), whereas the mechanical properties after gas nitriding and water quenching were determined by Vickers microhardness testing. At all stages of the gas nitriding process, the FCC iron indicated the austenite phase was visible on the alloy's surface, although the ferrite phase is still present. The intensity of austenite formation is produced by cold rolling 70 % reduction with a 5-hour gas nitriding time. Furthermore, the nitrogen layer was formed with a maximum thickness layer of approximately 3.14 µm after a 50 % reduction in cold rolling and 9 hours of gas nitriding process followed by water quenching. The hardness reached 600 HVN in this condition. This is due to the distribution of carbon that is concentrated on the surface. As the percent reduction in the cold rolling process increases, the strength of AISI 430 SS after gas nitriding can increase, causing an increase in the number of dislocations. The highest tensile strength and hardness of AISI 430 SS of 669 MPa and 271.83 HVN were obtained with a reduction of 70 %.
Establishing patterns in the effect of temperature regime when manufacturing nanocomposites on their heat-conducting properties
Authors: Fialko Nataliia , Dinzhos Roman , Sherenkovskii Julii , Meranova Nataliia , Izvorska Diana , Korzhyk Volodymyr , Lazarenko Maxim , Koseva Neli
Published: September 2021

This paper reports the experimental study carried out to establish the dependence of the thermal conductivity of polypropylene-based nanocomposites filled with carbon nanotubes on the main parameter of the temperature regime of their manufacturing ‒ the level of overheating a polymer melt relative to its melting point. The study has been conducted for nanocomposites that were manufactured by applying a method based on the mixing of components in the polymer melt applying a special disk extruder. During the composite manufacturing process, the level of melt overheating varied from 10 to 75 K, with the mass share of filler ranging from 0.3 to 10.0 %.
It is shown that increasing the overheating of a polymer melt causes an increase in the thermal conductivity of the composites. However, when the overheating has reached a certain value, its further growth does not increase the thermal conductivity of nanocomposites. Based on the established pattern, the rational level of this overheating has been determined. That resolves the tasks of manufacturing highly heat-conducting nanocomposites and implementing appropriate energy-saving technology. Data have been acquired on the effects of the impact of the amount of polymer melt overheating on the values of the first and second percolation thresholds for the examined nanocomposites. It is established that the value of the first percolation threshold is more sensitive to the specified amount of overheating.
The dependences of the density of the examined composites on the level of polymer melt overheating have been derived. The correlation between a given dependence and the nature of a corresponding change in the thermal conductivity of the composites has been established.
Applying the proposed highly heat-conducting nanocomposites is promising for micro and nanoelectronics, energy, etc.
Determining the efficiency of cleaning a milk line made from different materials from contaminants
Authors: Paliy Andriy , Aliiev Elchyn , Paliy Anatoliy , Nechyporenko Oleksandr , Baidevliatova Yuliia , Baydevliatov Yurii , Lazorenko Andrey , Ukhovskyi Vitalii , Korniienko Leonid , Sharandak Pavlo
Published: September 2021

While moving along the milk-conducting systems in a milking machine, milk is in contact with the inner surface whose area exceeds 20 m2. That leads to the formation of protein-fat biofilms of contamination, which are a nutrient medium for the development of microorganisms. With insufficiently effective cleaning of these contaminants, in the periods between milking, the number of microflorae located in milk-conducting systems increases by tens of thousands of times.
When cleaned with ineffective cleaning agents, mineral elements from milk are adsorbed on the surface of a protein-fat bio-film, which are subsequently compacted, changed, and converted into milk stone. In this case, the technical implementation of milk conducting systems is of critical importance.
It has been established that a milk line made from any material is better cleaned with a hot washing solution than a cold one. Thus, with an increase in the temperature of a washing solution from 60 °C to 85 °C, the cleaning time of the milk line is reduced from 9.5 minutes to 1.5 minutes, or by 6 times.
It was established that during the washing phase of a milk line there is a significant decrease in the temperature of the washing solution (≈30 %), which reduces the effectiveness of cleaning the parts of the system. Therefore, there is a need to maintain the solution temperature throughout the entire cleaning process.
It is proved that the specific energy of adhesion of pollution in water is 2 times higher than that in a washing solution. With an increase in the temperature of the solution for every 10 °C, the decrease in the specific energy of pollution adhesion is on average 13 %. With an increase in the period after the end of milking before washing the milk line, the specific energy of its purification increases.
The study reported here could lead improve the productivity of milking machines and the quality of the resulting product. That involves designing milking and dairy equipment from innovative materials.
Devising a conceptual method for generating cryptocompression codograms of images without loss of information quality
Authors: Barannik Vladimir , Sidchenko Serhii , Barannik Dmitriy , Shulgin Sergii , Barannik Valeriy , Datsun Anton
Published: September 2021

Along with the widespread use of digital images, an urgent scientific and applied issue arose regarding the need to reduce the volume of video information provided it is confidential and reliable. To resolve this issue, cryptocompression coding methods could be used. However, there is no method that summarizes all processing steps. This paper reports the development of a conceptual method for the cryptocompression coding of images on a differentiated basis without loss of information quality. It involves a three-stage technology for the generation of cryptocompression codograms. The first two cascades provide for the generation of code structures for information components while ensuring their confidentiality and key elements as a service component. On the third cascade of processing, it is proposed to manage the confidentiality of the service component. The code values for the information components of nondeterministic length are derived out on the basis of a non-deterministic number of elements of the source video data in a reduced dynamic range. The generation of service data is proposed to be organized in blocks of initial images with a dimension of 16×16 elements. The method ensures a decrease in the volume of source images during the generation of cryptocompression codograms, by 1.14–1.58 times (12–37 %), depending on the degree of their saturation. This is 12.7‒23.4 % better than TIFF technology and is 9.6‒17.9 % better than PNG technology. The volume of the service component of cryptocompression codograms is 1.563 % of the volume of the source video data or no more than 2.5 % of the total code stream. That reduces the amount of data for encryption by up to 40 times compared to TIFF and PNG technologies. The devised method does not introduce errors into the data in the coding process and refers to methods without loss of information quality.
Development of a planar cable parallel robot for practical application in the educational process
Authors: Jomartov Assylbek , Kamal Aziz , Abduraimov Azizbek
Published: September 2021

Cable-driven parallel robot (CDPR) has the great potential for various applications in industry and in everyday life. They consist of an end effector and a base, which connected by several cables. CDPRs have a large workspace compared to the workspace of classic parallel robots. CDPR have a simpler structure have good dynamic properties, high carrying capacity, mobility and low cost. The only drawback is that the CDPR cables can only work for retraction and cannot push. This article presents the design of a prototype of a planar CDPR with four cables for practical use in the educational process. This prototype of a planar CDPR is necessary for a better understanding of the design features, structure, kinematics, statics and dynamics of the CDPR by students. The planar CDPR performs two translational motions, due to the controlled 4 cables, and one rotational motion of the end effector. The research of the kinematics and statics of the planar cable-driven parallel robot is carried out. Simulation of the motion of a planar cable-driven parallel robot in the Python programming language has been carried out. A design was developed and a prototype of the planar cable-driven parallel robot was manufactured. Experimental researches of a prototype of the planar cable-driven parallel robot have been carried out. The results of experimental researches have shown that the CDPR works well enough. During the tests of the prototype of the planar cable-driven parallel robot, it was found that the distortions of the trajectory of the end effector depend on the tension of the cables. It is necessary to monitor the tension level using strain gauges. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, the effectiveness of the use of the prototype of a planar CDPR in the educational process of the robotics course has been confirmed
Establishing patterns of mass transfer under the action of water on the hydrophobic coating of the fire-retardant element of a tent
Authors: Tsapko Yuriy , Sirko Zinovii , Vasylyshyn Roman , Melnyk Oleksandr , Tsapko Аleksii , Bondarenko Olga , Karpuk Anatolii
Published: September 2021

This paper reports an analysis of the flame retardants for fabrics that has revealed the fact that the meagerness of data to explain and describe the process of fire protection, specifically the neglect of elastic coatings, leads to that the structures made from fabrics are ignited under the influence of a flame. Devising reliable methods to study the fire protection conditions for fabrics results in the design of new types of fireproof materials. Therefore, there is a need to determine the conditions for the formation of a barrier for water mass transport and to establish a mechanism for slowing down water penetration through the material. In this regard, an estimation-experimental method has been constructed for determining mass transfer under the action of water when using a hydrophobic coating, which makes it possible to assess water penetration. Based on the experimental data and theoretical dependences, the intensity of mass flow under the action of water has been determined, which is 0.000177 kg/m2, which ensures fabric resistance. The study results have proven that the process of waterproofing the fabric involves inhibition of the mass transfer process under the action of water by insulating the surface of the fireproof fabric with a hydrophobic coating. It should be noted that the presence of a hydrophobic coating leads to blocking the fabric surface from moisture penetration. Such a mechanism behind the effect of the hydrophobic coating is likely the factor in adjusting the process through which the integrity of an object is preserved. Thus, the sample of fireproof fabric coated with a water repellent demonstrated, after exposure to water, that the amount of water absorbed did not exceed 0.00012 kg, and, for a fabric without a water repellent, was 0.01 kg. Thus, there is reason to assert the possibility of targeted adjustment of the processes related to water penetration of the fabric by using hydrophobic coatings that could form a protective layer on the surface of the material, which inhibits the rate of water penetration.
Devising an integrated approach to assessing the indicators of personnel innovativeness under conditions of innovative development of an enterprise
Authors: Adamenko Maryna , Kornukh Oksana
Published: September 2021

It has been substantiated that personnel is the driving force of innovative development of enterprises. The interrelation of the components of the formation of innovativeness of the company’s personnel, such as innovative potential, the innovative activity of employees, and the effectiveness of their innovative activity was demonstrated. A comprehensive approach to assessing the innovativeness of the company’s personnel, which consists of six stages describing the procedure of such evaluation, was proposed. It was proved that it is appropriate to evaluate the innovativeness of the company’s personnel in the areas of innovative activity of employees and the effectiveness of their innovative activities. The systems of partial, integrated, and general indicators of innovativeness of the company’s personnel and criteria for assessing its level were proposed. A system of indicators of innovative activity of personnel based on qualimetric assessment of their innovative potential was offered. The procedure for assessing the level of innovative activity of employees was improved by introducing a partial indicator of personnel’s desire to carry out innovative activities. A system of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of innovative activities of personnel, including two groups, was proposed. The first group of partial indicators characterizes the effectiveness of innovative activity of the company’s personnel, the second group focuses on the effectiveness of commercialization of innovative products. To determine the level of innovativeness of the company’s personnel, a matrix that combines assessment of the levels of innovative activity and effectiveness of innovative activities of employees was proposed. The results of the study make it possible to determine the level of innovativeness of personnel, to develop an effective strategy for the creation and commercialization of innovative products of an enterprise.
Justification of pectin concentrate safe storage terms by pectin mass ratio
Authors: Iskakova Galiya , Kizatova Maigul , Baiysbayeva Meruyet , Azimova Sanavar , Izembayeva Assel , Zharylkassynova Zhuldyz
Published: September 2021

The problem of removing heavy and radioactive metals from the human body is relevant all over the world. Recent research has shown that it is more effective to use substances contained in natural food products, including pectin. Pectin has a favorable effect not only under acute exposure to metals, but also with their prolonged entry into the body, which is typical for an environmental load of residents of industrial regions and modern megalopolis.
The use of pectin substances as natural detoxicants requires research to preserve these substances in products and further use. Therefore, an important condition for using pectin concentrates is to determine the shelf life for safe consumption. Based on this, studies were conducted to determine optimal storage parameters and terms for pumpkin concentrate.
The sequence and parameters of pectin concentrate production from Karina pumpkin pomace are justified.
As a result of the study, it was found that during storage of pectin concentrate from Karina pumpkin pomace at a temperature of 8 °C for 10 months, the pectin content in the concentrate decreased by 0–12. 45 %, at 25 °C – by 0–63 %, compared to the control sample. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the safe storage period of pectin-containing concentrates from Karina pumpkin extracts at a temperature of 25 °C is 7 months, at 8 °C – 10 months.
As a result of mathematical processing of experimental data, equations for the relationship of pectin amount with storage temperature, pH and time are obtained.
Improved rotary film evaporator for concentrating organic fruit and berry puree
Authors: Zahorulko Andrii , Zagorulko Aleksey , Mykhailov Valeriy , Ibaiev Eldar
Published: September 2021

This paper reports the improved rotor-film evaporator with the lower arrangement of the separating space, the auger-type discharge of concentrated organic fruit and berry paste, and preheating the puree with secondary steam. The working surface of the evaporator is heated by a flexible film resistive electric heater of the radiating type with an insulating outer surface. Peltier elements installed in the device make it possible to provide low-voltage power for exhaust fans from the thermal secondary steam. The puree fed for processing is preheated by 8...10 °С by the heat from the concentrated product and secondary steam.
For the experiment, fruit and berry blended puree from apples, quince, and black currants was used. The structural and mechanical properties of blended puree have been determined when the temperature changes within 55...75 °С, in particular, the effective viscosity varies in the range of 22...6 Pa∙s, the maximum shear stress ‒ 29...8 Pa. Effective regions in the fruit and berry puree concentration process have been established: Kmin=Vpaste/Vpuree=0.190; Kmax=Vpaste/Vpuree=0.725
When concentrating fruit and berry pastes with an initial solids content of 9...15 % to the resulting content (29...31 %), it is advisable to apply a surface load of 0.048...0.121 kg/m2s. By calculation, the reduction of the specific energy consumption for heating the volume of the product unit has been confirmed: a rotor-film evaporator – 547 kJ/kg over a period of 75 s, compared to the basic vacuum evaporator – 1,090 kJ/kg, respectively, over 1.08 hours. The results could be useful when designing evaporating equipment for rotor-film-type devices in order to concentrate various blends of fruit and berry raw materials under conditions of using the energy of secondary steam.
Improvement of the method of estimation and forecasting of the state of the monitoring object in intelligent decision support systems
Authors: Abed Areej Adnan , Repilo Iurii , Zhyvotovskyi Ruslan , Shyshatskyi Andrii , Hohoniants Spartak , Kravchenko Serhii , Zhyvylo Iryna , Dieniezhkin Mykola , Protas Nadiia , Shcheptsov Oleksandr
Published: September 2021

In order to objectively and completely analyze the state of the monitored object with the required level of efficiency, the method for estimating and forecasting the state of the monitored object in intelligent decision support systems was improved. The essence of the method is to provide an analysis of the current state of the monitored object and short-term forecasting of the state of the monitored object. Objective and complete analysis is achieved using advanced fuzzy temporal models of the object state, taking into account the type of uncertainty and noise of initial data. The novelty of the method is the use of an improved procedure for processing initial data in conditions of uncertainty, an improved procedure for training artificial neural networks and an improved procedure for topological analysis of the structure of fuzzy cognitive models. The essence of the training procedure is the training of synaptic weights of the artificial neural network, the type and parameters of the membership function and the architecture of individual elements and the architecture of the artificial neural network as a whole. The procedure of forecasting the state of the monitored object allows for multidimensional analysis, accounting and indirect influence of all components of the multidimensional time series with their different time shifts relative to each other in conditions of uncertainty. The method allows increasing the efficiency of data processing at the level of 12–18 % using additional advanced procedures. The proposed method can be used in decision support systems of automated control systems (ACS DSS) for artillery units, special-purpose geographic information systems. It can also be used in ACS DSS for aviation and air defense and ACS DSS for logistics of the Armed Forces of Ukraine
Devising a method for identifying the model of multi-criteria expert estimation of alternatives
Authors: Petrov Konstantin , Kobzev Igor , Orlov Oleksandr , Kosenko Victor , Kosenko Alisa , Vanina Yana
Published: September 2021

An approach to constructing mathematical models of individual multicriterial estimation was proposed based on information about the ordering relations established by the expert for a set of alternatives. Structural identification of the estimation model using the additive utility function of alternatives was performed within axiomatics of the multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT). A method of parametric identification of the model based on the ideas of the theory of comparative identification has been developed. To determine the model parameters, it was proposed to use the midpoint method that has resulted in the possibility of obtaining a uniform stable solution of the problem. It was shown that in this case, the problem of parametric identification of the estimation model can be reduced to a standard linear programming problem. The scalar multicriterial estimates of alternatives obtained on the basis of the synthesized mathematical model make it possible to compare them among themselves according to the degree of efficiency and, thus, choose "the best" or rank them.
A significant advantage of the proposed approach is the ability to use only non-numerical information about the decisions already made by experts to solve the problem of identifying the model parameters. This enables partial reduction of the degree of expert’s subjective influence on the outcome of decision-making and reduces the cost of the expert estimation process.
A method of verification of the estimation model based on the principles of cross-validation has been developed. The results of computer modeling were presented. They confirmed the effectiveness of using the proposed method of parametric model identification to solve problems related to automation of the process of intelligent decision making.
Development of audit and data protection principles in electronic voting systems
Authors: Khlaponin Yuriy , Vyshniakov Volodymyr , Ternavska Viktoriia , Selyukov Oleksandr , Komarnytskyi Oleg
Published: September 2021

It is assumed in standard information protection technologies that there are owners of this information who put forward requirements for protection. In secret voting systems, the information belongs to the community of citizens, and to protect it, vote organizers must create conditions that allow each voter to make sure that the vote secrecy and accuracy of vote counting are preserved. In developed democracies, this issue is resolved through a widely available audit of all procedures that may be mistrusted. Any voter can conduct such an audit. The anxiety of citizens of democratic countries is based on the idea that if electronic voting is introduced, it will be impossible to conduct such an audit. The article proposes principles of auditing all those software and hardware tools and processes of the online voting system that can generate voter distrust. This audit is carried out using a dedicated server open to voters and their fiduciaries. This server provides continuous monitoring of actions of the service staff in terms of possible interference in the operation of the voting system. Also, due to this server, auditors receive data on the integrity of the voting system hardware and software including its audit tools and an alarm signal in the event of a threat. It was possible to reduce the average time of processing the voter requests to two seconds. This means that processing a maximum of 2,500 voter requests at a vote station will take no more than two hours. Simultaneous access of 50 voters to the server will not make them wait in the queue for more than 2 minutes. Implementation results were described and links were given for conducting experimental voting on the Internet.
Devising a procedure for ensuring entrepreneurship protectionism in the context of financial capital investments for the purpose of rehabilitation of the transport sector
Authors: Vodovozov Evgenii , Rudachenko Olga
Published: September 2021

The problem of ensuring entrepreneurship protectionism in the context of financial investments was considered. The need for state entrepreneurship protectionism in order to rehabilitate the transport sector was proved. The conditions for including the sectors of the economy in the category of the most affected by the pandemic in the context of state protectionism were determined. Based on statistics and using the indicators of riskiness and priority of the economic sector, the sectors of the economy for allocation of financial investments were determined. The problem of determining the rate of financial capital investments was stated and solved. A comprehensive procedure for ensuring entrepreneurship protectionism in the context of financial investments for rehabilitation of the transport sector, taking into consideration the riskiness and priority of the economic sector, was proposed.
Since the problem of state protectionism of entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic challenges is relevant for a number of countries, this procedure was tested on the example of the transport sector of the economy. According to the obtained results, the sectors of the economy that were recognized as the most affected by COVID-19 fall under state protectionism, and the problem of supporting the latter can only be solved through state intervention.
The results of calculations show that the funds at the available amount of public finances S=1 allocated for support are distributed proportionally. The comprehensive approach made it possible to identify three sectors of the economy for financial investments, in this case, those that were most affected by COVID-19 receive the largest share of financial investments.
From the practical point of view, this study is interesting for state administrations during the allocation of funds by the vector of support for the sectors of the economy that were most affected by pandemic challenges, and theoretically – to researchers dealing with financial support, protectionism, and state administration
Devising an automated method to form the content of educational specialization disciplines of maximum utility for implementation in the professional field
Authors: Astapenko Natalya , Koshekov Kayrat , Ponomarev Grigoriy , Seidakhmetov Beken , Fedorov Igor , Zuev Dmitriy
Published: September 2021

The rapid growth and emergence of breakthrough technologies in the information and communication field requires annual adjustment and modernization of curricula for specialization disciplines in accordance with the current market requirements. A method of prompt response of the educational environment to the requirements of the external environment, based on the creation of a pool of demanded learning outcomes, is proposed. The object of the research is the process of formation of the required content of specialization disciplines.
A formalized method for forming the content of educational disciplines of specialization of maximum utility for implementation in the professional field is described based on expert assessments of representatives of the job market. An algorithm for finding a set of learning outcomes for the identified conditions was devised. A software tool that includes a database and two components: a web interface for collecting and primary processing of information and a C++ program module for automating the main algorithm was developed. The result of the software tool is a pool of learning outcomes recommended for implementation in the content of the educational program.
The results of an experimental study based on test data, which proved the accuracy of the calculations of the software component, were presented. Verification of data in the area of web technologies and web programming made it possible to identify a list of learning outcomes for implementation in the educational program «Information Systems». The algorithm developed as a result of research can be used to form the demanded content of elements of educational programs in any industry. It is supposed to develop the proposed method when creating interactive training programs on the technological processes of aircraft repair at the enterprises of the aviation industry.
Revealing deformation of segments and their supports in a hydrostatic segmental bearing
Authors: Nazin Vladimir
Published: September 2021

At present, there are theoretical and experimental studies of such bearings without taking into account the elastic deformation of the bearing segments. The rotor bearings of powerful turbines at nuclear power plants are subjected to loads as high as tens of tons. One of the important issues in designing segmental bearings operating under these conditions consists in taking into account elastic deformations of the segments. A schematic diagram of a segmental hydrostatic bearing was presented and the principle of its operation was described. When determining the deformation of spherical support, a formula of change in volume of a solid steel ball subjected to uniform pressure was applied.
To determine the segment deformation in the axial direction, differential equation of bending of the strip beam as the initial one. The basic equation of deformation of rods with a curved axis acting in the plane of curvature was taken as a starting point of determining the segment deformation in the circumferential direction.
It was found in the studies that the maximum deformation of the segment is 4.5 % of radial clearance at a feed pressure of 5 MPa and can affect the bearing characteristics. A substantially nonlinear character of deformations along the segment axis was revealed. It was found that the pressure of the working fluid significantly affects the segment thickness. With an increase in feeding pressure from 1 MPa to 10 MPa, the thickness of the steel segment increased more than 2 times and the thickness of the bronze segment increased more than 3 times. It was established that the pressure of the working fluid exceeding 10 MPa substantially affects the deformation of the spherical support and the bearing clearance.
The study results will make it possible to determine more accurately the main characteristics of the segmental bearing and design it more efficiently.
Development and substantiation of parameters of the mechanism with flexible drive for the cutterbar of the mower of double knife stroke
Authors: Zhortuylov Omirserik , Zhumatay Gani , Rzaliyev Askar , Abilzhanuly Tokhtar , Sarsembenova Orynzhamal , Bekbossynov Serik , Abilzhanov Daniyar , Boranbayev Bauyrzhan
Published: September 2021

This paper presents the results of experimental research on the development and substantiation of parameters and operating modes of the drive mechanism of the cutting apparatus in a mower with a double knife stroke.
A structural and technological scheme of the drive mechanism of the cutting device of the segment-finger type mower has been developed, in which a double stroke of the cutting device knife is provided. Analytical relationships were obtained to determine the knife stroke, speed and acceleration. Based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies, the main parameters of the mower drive mechanism were substantiated. Based on the condition of a high-quality cut of plants, at a minimum grass cutting speed, the minimum crank shaft speed was determined. By calculation, the feed area and the load area of the cutter for normal cutting with a double cut of the knife are determined. Analytical relationships were obtained to determine the power required to drive the cutterbar of a mower with a double knife stroke. Based on the research results, the main parameters of the mower with an improved drive are substantiated. An experimental sample was made and preliminary tests of the drive mechanism were carried out, agrotechnical and energy indicators of the mower operation were determined.
Determination of the effect of carbon nanotubes on the microstructure and functional properties of polycarbonate-based polymer nanocomposite materials
Authors: Lysenkov Eduard , Klymenko Leonid
Published: September 2021

Polymer nanocomposites are widely used in various high-tech industries. Due to the combination of the elasticity of the matrix and the strength of the inorganic filler, they have improved functional characteristics compared to unfilled polymers. The article is devoted to determining the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the microstructure and properties of polymeric nanocomposite materials for 3D printing based on polycarbonate. As a result of this work, a series of composite materials was manufactured using a piston extruder. Their microstructure and functional characteristics were investigated using methods of optical microscopy, thermophysical, electrical and mechanical analysis. It was found that CNTs form clusters in the polymer matrix, which form a percolation network at a content of 0.5–0.8 %. This feature of the structure formation of CNTs provided an abrupt increase in the functional characteristics of the materials obtained. It is shown that with an increase in the filler content in the system to 3 %, the thermal conductivity rapidly increases to 1.22 W/(m∙K). A similar effect is observed for the electrical conductivity, which increases by seven orders of magnitude from 10-12 to 10-5 S/cm at 3 % CNT content in the system, exhibiting percolation behavior. With the introduction of CNTs, the crystallinity degree of the polymer matrix decreases by almost 15 %, due to the fact that the developed surface of the nanotubes creates steric hindrances for polycarbonate macromolecules. This effect almost negates the reinforcing effect of nanotubes; therefore, the mechanical tensile strength with the introduction of 3 % CNTs increases by only 21 % compared to the unfilled matrix. In terms of their functional characteristics, the obtained materials are promising for the creation of filaments for 3D printing on their basis.