bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three new species of the genus Nothrholaspis (Acari: Macrochelidae) from the Kelkit Valley, Turkey
Authors: ÖZBEK HASAN HÜSEYİN , BAL DURMUŞ ALİ
Published: March 2013

Three new species of mites of the genus Nothrholaspis Berlese, 1918 are described from specimens collected in the Kelkit Valley, Turkey—Nothrholaspis turcicus sp. nov., N. anatolicus sp. nov. and N. dogani sp. nov. The genus Nothrholaspis is recorded fromTurkey for the first time. An identification key for the new species and a tabular key for the all known species of the genus are included.
A new species of masked-owl (Aves: Strigiformes: Tytonidae) from Seram, Indonesia
Authors: JØNSSON KNUD ANDREAS , POULSEN MICHAEL KØIE , HARYOKO TRI , REEVE ANDREW HART , FABRE PIERRE-HENRI
Published: March 2013

We describe a new species of masked-owl from the lower montane forestof Seram, one of the largest islands in the Moluccasof eastern Indonesia, for which we propose the name Tyto almae (Seram Masked-Owl), sp. nov. Molecular (mitochondrial cyt-b) differences show that Tyto sororcula of Buru and Tanimbar is closely related to T. novaehollandiae of Australia and New Guinea (~1% uncorrected pairwise distance), and that Tyto almae of Seram differs by ~3% (uncorrected pairwise distance) from both of them. These differences are further corroborated by morphology and colouration. Although a photograph from Seram published in 1987 had already established the presence of a Tyto owl on the island, ours represents the first specimen of this species. The bird was mist-netted in wet, mossy lower montane forest at an elevation of 1,350 m. No further observations of the owl were made during four weeks of fieldwork in Seram.
The identity of the cyprinid fishes Rasbora dusonensis and R. tornieri (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
Authors: NG HEOK HEE , KOTTELAT MAURICE
Published: March 2013

Rasbora dusonensis, R. tornieri and R. myersi are valid species. Rasbora dusonensis sensu Brittan (1954) is R. tornieri and R. dusonensis sensu Kottelat (1991) is R. myersi. Both R. dusonensis and R. tornieri are members of the R. argyrotaenia group and can be distinguished from congeners in having a broad, dark, sharply-defined midlateral stripe on body extending from opercle to caudal-fin base and separated from the dark dorsum by a highly contrasting light longitudinal area; 12–14 predorsal scales; the dorsohypural distance equal to or slightly less than the distance between the dorsal-fin origin and the posterior orbital margin and 14 circumpeduncular scale rows. The two species differ from each other by the color and color pattern on the caudal fin, and caudal peduncle depth.
On the crab spider genus Angaeus Thorell, 1881 and its junior synonym Paraborboropactus Tang and Li, 2009 (Araneae: Thomisidae)
Authors: BENJAMIN SURESH P.
Published: March 2013

Morphological comparison of the genera Angaeus Thorell, 1881 and Paraborboropactus Tang and Li, 2009 (Araneae: Thomisidae) shows that the latter should be relegated to a junior synonym of the former. Further, I propose the following new synonyms: Angaeus leucomenus (Thorell, 1895), Stephanopis weyersi Simon, 1899 and Paraborboropactus leguminaceus Tang and Li, 2009 = Angaeus rhombifer Thorell, 1890 syn. nov., Paraborboropactus oblatus Tang and Li, 2010 = Angaeus lenticulosus Simon, 1903 syn. nov. The following species are transferred from Paraborboropactus: Angaeus canalis (Tang & Li, 2010) comb. nov., Angaeus liangweii (Tang & Li, 2010) comb. nov., Angaeus rhombus (Tang & Li, 2009) comb. nov. and Angaeus zhengi (Tang & Li, 2009) comb. nov. The holotype of Angaeus pudicus (type species of the genus) is illustrated, and the male and female of Angaeus rhombifer are redescribed and illustrated based partly on fresh material from Singapore. A new species, Angaeus christae sp. nov. is described based on both sexes, and a syntype of Angaeus comatulus Simon, 1909 is illustrated.
Four new records of Conidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) from the Andaman Islands, India
Authors: FRANKLIN J. BENJAMIN , VENKATESHWARAN P. , VINITHKUMAR N. V. , KIRUBAGARAN R.
Published: March 2013

The Andaman and Nicobar archipelago comprises 572 islands spread over an area of 8,249 sq. km. These islands are within the 'Indo-Malayan region' and near the 'faunistic centre' from which other Indo-West Pacific regions recruit their tropical marine fauna (Ekman, 1953). The topographically complex nature of the nearshore environments of these islands creates a plethora of niches that support a rich and diverse molluscan fauna. Many of the Conus species (e.g., C. geographus Linnaeus, 1758; C. miles Linnaeus, 1758; and C. striatus Linnaeus, 1758) that occupy these islands are broadly distributed throughout the Indo-West Pacific. However, a few Indo-West Pacific species (e.g., Conus andamanensis Smith, 1878; and C. araneosus nicobaricus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792) are restricted to small geographic regions (Röckel et. al. 1995). Early oceanographic expeditions of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands that began in 1788 report only 10 Conus species from these islands (Smith, 1878; Melvill & Sykes, 1898; Preston, 1908). More recently, Subba Rao (1980) of the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) reports a total of 51 Conus species from this region. In the past two decades, the Conus fauna has not been studied extensively due to lack of focused studies in the Andaman andNicobar Islands. Several recent surveys conducted by the Andaman and Nicobar Centre for Ocean Science and Technology investigated the intertidal and subtidal macrobenthic fauna of theAndaman Islands.
A new miniature species of the milliped genus Cleidogona from Costa Rica (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Cleidogonidae), with a review of Central American Cleidogonidae
Authors: SHEAR WILLIAM A.
Published: March 2013

Cleidogona huebnerae, n. sp., is described from La Gamba Tropical Research Station,Costa Rica. A total of sixteen species in three genera of Cleidogonidae are known fromCentral America (Guatemala south toPanama), and they are reviewed here.
Measuring the Self-Esteem of Adolescents with Mental Health Problems: Theory Meets Practice
Authors: Willoughby Colleen , Polatajko Helene , Currado Catherine , Harris Kathryn , King Gillian
Published: March 2013

Occupational therapists frequently address the self-esteem of young clients despite little empirical evidence that the clients have low self-esteem to begin with, and that occupational therapy intervention is effective in addressing self-esteem. This article examines the self-esteem of 39 adolescents with mental health problems referred to a pre-vocational programme in an effort to compare clinical practice with empirical findings. The Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents and the Importance Rating Scale for Adolescents are employed to compare the self-esteem of the adolescents with mental health problems with the normative sample, prior to (n=39) and upon completion of the pre-vocational programme (n=14). Results indicate no difference between the two groups' self-esteem and no change in self-esteem scores following participation in the pre-vocational programme. Global self-esteem is significantly correlated with physical appearance and behavioural conduct (n=39). Competence-importance discrepancy scores are significantly related to global self-esteem (n=14). This finding supports the theory that it is the domain of self-concept which is low and important to the adolescent which will influence his/her self-esteem. These results are consistent with previous studies. Possible explanations for the discrepancy between clinical perceptions and objective findings are discussed. Implications for practice are presented.
Changing Times: Trials and Tribulations of the Move to Master's Entry-Level Education in Canada
Authors: Lall Alison , Klein Jennifer , Brown G. Ted
Published: March 2013

Background. Most health care professions are reviewing issues related to the changing nature of professional education and practice. Social work, physical therapy, speech-language pathology, audiology, and recently occupational therapy, have raised the entry-level training requirements to the graduate level to enhance formal education programs. Purpose and Scope. In the past few years, this trend has generated considerable debate and discussion within the occupational therapy profession both in Canada and internationally. In November, 2001 the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists (CAOT) announced that Canadian universities must convert to entry-level Master's programs by 2008 to receive re-accreditation (CAOT, 2002a). This paper describes the historical evolution of Canadian occupational therapy education, outlines several issues within occupational therapy that are impacting the move, and discusses benefits and challenges to Master's level training. Practice Implications. Recommendations are presented for the development of Master's entry-level occupational therapy training programs in Canada.
Positive Aging and Its Implications for Occupational Possibilities in Later Life
Authors: Rudman Deborah Laliberte
Published: March 2013

Background. There is a growing emphasis in academic, policy and popular literature within Western societies on positive discourses of aging. Although such discourses appear to be consistent with central beliefs of occupational therapy, particularly with respect to the health-promoting potential of occupation, critical social gerontologists are raising concerns about how such discourses are being shaped in relation to consumer culture and the rise of neoliberalism. Method and Purpose. Literature examining the emergence and evolution of positive aging discourses was reviewed and reflected upon using an occupational perspective. Results. Positive aging discourses are being shaped in ways that limit occupational possibilities and promote occupational injustices. Clinical Implications. Occupational therapists need to consider ways to enact discursive, practice and policy changes that enable aging persons with diverse abilities and resources to pursue occupations that fulfill needs and promote health.
A Survey of Occupational Therapists in Canada about Their Knowledge and Use of the ICF
Authors: Farrell Jennifer , Anderson Stacey , Hewitt Kim , Livingston Michael H. , Stewart Debra
Published: March 2013

Background. The current impact of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) on the field of occupational therapy within Canada is unknown. Purpose. To survey occupational therapists in Canada about their knowledge, use of, and suggestions for education about the ICF. Method. Mixed methods design included (i) an online survey, with data analyzed using quantitative methods; and (ii) semi-structured interviews with a purposeful sample of 10 therapists, using content analysis. Results. The online survey was completed by 587 occupational therapists (17.6% return). Four hundred and ten respondents (70.0%) indicated some ICF knowledge, and 121 of those individuals (29.5%) reported using it in practice. Interview participants suggested resources, perceived meaning and investment factors impact ICF knowledge. Suggested uses include frameworks and interprofessional collaboration, while ideas for education involve meaningful and accessible formats. Practice Implications. The ICF may be useful to occupational therapists in different settings if it fulfills a meaningful purpose and fits with practice models.
Book Mark: Occupational Therapy Evidence in Practice for Physical Rehabilitation (2006)
Authors: Surridge Sian
Published: March 2013

Occupational Therapy Evidence in Practice for Physical Rehabilitation (2006) Lois Addy (Ed) Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK, 257 pages; 26.99 pounds, ISBN: 978-1-4051-4687-6
The Literature Review: An Integral Part of the Research Process
Authors: Ernest Marilyn , Burton Howard , Keenleside Joel
Published: March 2013

The importance of the review of literature, a component of any research study, has been relatively downgraded by occupational therapists because it is time-consuming. In order to encourage novice researchers and illustrate the importance of a comprehensive review of related literature, a review was carried out in the area of auditory feedback and the teaching of the use of myo-electrically controlled prostheses. This illustration of method in research includes initial ideas, assumptions and facts, the researchable question, the literature review and the conclusions drawn from the review which help guide the researcher in his potential study.
Box and Block Test of Manual Dexterity: Norms for 6–19 Year Olds
Authors: Mathiowetz Virgil , Federman Susan , Wiemer Diana
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this study was to collect normative data for individuals, aged 6 to 19 years, on the Box and Block test of manual dexterity. Four hundred and seventy-one subjects (231 females and 240 males) were recruited from the seven county Milwaukee area. The subjects were from urban, suburban, and rural settings thus encompassing a wide range of socioeconomic backgrounds. Data were stratified into seven age groups of two year intervals. Results showed that increases in manual dexterity coincided with increases in chronological age. Female scores were generally better from 6 to 11 years, while males achieved slightly higher scores from 12 to 19 years. On the average right and left hand dominant subjects scored higher with their right hands although right handers were clearly more lateralized than left handers.
The Application of Cognitive Style Research to Fieldwork Education
Authors: Gaiptman Barbara
Published: March 2013

Each individual demonstrates a distinct style of gathering and organizing information or accumulating knowledge. This paper describes the cognitive style of field dependence versus field independence. The literature on cognitive style research is discussed and applied to the supervision process that occurs in fieldwork practice. Implications for the future development of fieldwork education programmes are presented.
The Evolution of Standards for the Fieldwork Component of the Curriculum
Authors: Tompson Margaret-Ann , Tompson Conal
Published: March 2013

This paper describes the revisions that have occurred over the years to the fieldwork component of the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists' educational standards. These changes have to a large extent been brought about in an effort to accommodate the need for more fieldwork placements for students. The writers conclude that more studies are needed if revisions to educational standards are to reflect effective educational practices.
Mealtimes of the Institutionalized Elderly: A Quality of Life Issue
Authors: Ott Fred , Readman Tim , Backman Catherine
Published: March 2013

The effect of an individualized occupational therapy programme designed to improve independence in meal management and to enhance the physical and social mealtime environment was examined using a single subject multiple baseline design across four subjects A baseline phase was followed by an intervention phase in which occupational therapy assessment and treatment were introduced. Four subjects of 65 years or older who required verbal guidance and/or physical assistance during mealtimes were assigned to the study group. Mealtime behaviours were videotaped and analyzed by two independent raters. Throughout the project subjects' behaviour in the areas of social interaction, self-feeding responses, verbal prompting and physical assistance required, inappropriate mealtime responses weight change, and caloric intake were monitored using videotape recordings. Data for each subject on each mealtime behaviour were plotted on graphs and analyzed visually for changes in level, trend and variability. The results suggested that an individualized occupational therapy treatment programme promoted greater caloric intake, increased correct self-feeding responses, and decreased inappropriate mealtime behaviour, incorrect self-feeding responses, number of verbal prompts and physical assists, and appropriate weight change. While these results are encouraging, they should be applied cautiously in elderly people in similar situations due to a small sample population and a relatively short intervention period.
Time use for Self Care, Productivity, and Leisure among Elderly Canadians
Authors: McKinnon Allison L.
Published: March 2013

Elderly Canadians' time use for self-care, productivity, and leisure activities are investigated from the perspective of the occupational performance model (Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists, 1991). Empirical data are drawn from a representative sample of Canadians 65 years of age or older (N=1398) who participated in the 1986 General Social Survey on Time Use, Social Mobility and Language Use (Statistics Canada, 1990a & 1990b). On average, these Canadian seniors used 8.7 hours/day for sleeping, 7.5 hours/day for leisure, 4.7 hours/day for self-care, and 3–1 hours/day for productive activities. Wide variations in time use were also evident. Self-rated happiness did not vary in relation to time use for daily activities; most respondents rated themselves as ‘very happy’ (47%) or ‘somewhat happy’ (44.5%). Suggestions are made for refinement of the occupational performance model, future research, and clinical practice with elderly people.
Are You Listening? The Oral Tradition of Occupational Therapy
Authors: Schwammle Donnalee
Published: March 2013

Occupational therapists have long recognized the need to do research and to publish, yet there continues to be a strong oral tradition within the profession among clinicians. This commentary discusses the possible origins of that tradition and the factors that maintain it. The reluctance to publish by clinicians has strong implications for the profession in terms of its status. In addition it impedes the sharing of potentially innovative and important practice information. Some of the fears and concerns held by occupational therapists regarding publishing are considered and an invitation is issued to therapists to share their wealth of clinical knowledge through publication.
The Meaning of Play for Young People with Physical Disabilities
Authors: Pollock Nancy , Stewart Debra , Law Mary , Sahagian-Whalen Sandra , Harvey Susan , Toal Coleen
Published: March 2013

As a primary area of occupation, play is central to the lives of children. Emerging views of play reflect the complexity of the area, and focus on the relationship between the person and the environment during play. This paper reports the results of a qualitative study of twenty adolescents with and without physical disabilities. The participants were interviewed about their perceptions and personal experiences of play.

Through a textual analysis of the data, significant themes related to the nature of play, environmental barriers and supports, and personal influences on play were identified. Clinical implications are discussed in relation to these themes.
Inclusiveness: A Community Dimension of Spirituality
Authors: Townsend Elizabeth
Published: March 2013

Personal dimensions of spirituality are important but insufficient for understanding the full transformative potential in spirituality. Communities which extend equal respect and opportunities to people of differing abilities and characteristics create an energizing interconnectedness based on a community spirituality of inclusiveness. This paper offers a critical analysis of inclusiveness as a community dimension of spirituality. Inclusiveness emerged as an implicit yet practical component of everyday practice during an ethnographic study of occupational therapy in adult, mental health day programmes. There were no explicit goals to foster a spirituality of community inclusiveness, yet occupational therapists continually emphasized the worth of everyone's contributions to chores and other occupations which turn day programmes into inclusive communities. Nevertheless, occupational therapy is constrained by organizational processes which control what can be done in everyday practice. Two organizational constraints, medical classification and individualized accountability, are highlighted and shown to interact with risk management, confidentiality, management information, workload measurement, and other policies which form a ruling apparatus that emphasizes the safe management of individual cases or patients. In light of this analysis, occupational therapists are encouraged to make spirituality, inclusiveness and community activism an explicit and accountable part of practice.
Defining and Developing Professionalism
Authors: Bossers Ann , Kernaghan Jan , Hodgins Lisa , Merla Leann , O'Connor Charlene , Van Kessel Monique
Published: March 2013

During the development of a new occupational therapy curriculum, professionalism was identified as a core process component essential to occupational therapy practice. A group, comprised of faculty, clinicians, and students, was charged to examine professionalism and to make recommendations for curriculum planning and development. However, a consistent description or definition of professionalism was lacking in the literature. Defining professionalism was, therefore, the first task of the group. A schematic representation of professionalism was developed through a review of the literature and qualitative analysis of information obtained from discussion groups focussed on professionalism. In this paper, the schematic representation of professionalism will be presented as well as information about two supported self-study courses entitled, Fostering Professional Development and Becoming a Professional. A professional portfolio guide for the student occupational therapist will also be described. Future implications and directions for fostering professionalism will be discussed.
Fidélité test-retest et interjuges de la version française du OSOT Perceptual Evaluation
Authors: Desrosiers Johanne , Mercier Louisette , Rochette Annie
Published: March 2013

Cet article rapporte les résultats d'une étude de fidélité test-retest et inter-juges de la version française de l'Ontario Society of Occupational Therapists (OSOT) Perceptual Evaluation. Cet outil d'évaluation des troubles perceptuels de la clientèle cérébrolésée est composé de 18 tâches mesurées à l'aide d'une échelle à cinq niveaux (0 à 4). Les scores obtenus à chaque tâche sont additionnés pour obtenir un score total. Au début des années 90, le manuel d'instructions de l'OSOT Perceptual Evaluation a été traduit en français par des ergothérapeutes de l'Institut universitaire en gériatrie de Sherbrooke. Afin de s'assurer de la stabilité de cette version, une étude de fidélité test-retest et interjuges simultanée a été réalisée. Trente-deux personnes francophones présentant une lésion cérébrale ont été évaluées à deux reprises par la même ergothérapeute avec cet outil afin d'en déterminer sa fidélité test-retest. Lors de l'une de ces deux rencontres, une deuxième ergothérapeute complétait la feuille de cotation pour vérifier la fidélité interjuges simultanée. Les résultats démontrent que, malgré quelques faibles kappas de Cohen à certaines tâches, la fidélité test-retest et interjuges du score total est excellente (fidélité test-retest: coefficient de corrélation intra-classe (CCI) = 0,93 avec un intervalle de confiance de 0,87 à 0,97 et fidélité inter-juges: CCI = 0,98 avec un intervalle de confiance de 0,97 à 0,99). La version française du OSOT Perceptual Evaluation peut ainsi être utilisée en confiance par les ergothérapeutes francophones.
Bimodal Mission Advancement in Ministry with Street-living and Working Children
Authors: Burch Greg W.
Published: March 2013

In a multi-disciplinary approach, contemporary childhood perspectives in sociology, urban studies, international development and theology are looked to for insight in understanding the street-children phenomenon within Latin America (macro perspective) and Cochabamba, Bolivia (micro perspective). The study includes findings resulting from case-study research of the Early Encounter Project in Cochabamba. The research looks to what has come to be known as the emergent paradigm for a new sociology of childhood and missiological foundations in developing a convergence theory that contributes to a theoretical construct for engaging with street children.
Male Stranger Rape
Authors: Lundrigan Samantha , Mueller-Johnson Katrin
Published: March 2013

Existing empirical typologies of stranger rape derive almost exclusively from samples involving female victims and male offenders. This study explored the behavioral structure of 209 cases of stranger rape involving male victims and male offenders with the aim of developing an interpersonal model of offender-victim interaction. Multivariate analysis revealed three themes of offender-victim interaction: hostility, involvement intimacy, and involvement exploitation. Of offenders, 80% could be classified to a dominant theme, with almost half of the offenses (49%) classified as involvement intimate. The findings are discussed in relation to existing multivariate models of female victim rape, male rape research, and implications for behavioral investigative advice.
Feeling Torn When Everything Seems Right
Authors: Gebauer Jochen E. , Maio Gregory R. , Pakizeh Ali
Published: March 2013

The co-occurrence of positive and negative attributes of an attitude object typically accounts for less than a quarter of the variance in felt ambivalence toward these objects, rendering this evaluative incongruence insufficient for explaining felt ambivalence. The present research tested whether another type of incongruence, semantic incongruence, also causes felt ambivalence. Semantic incongruence arises from inconsistencies in the descriptive content of attitude objects’ attributes (e.g., attributes that are not mutually supportive), independent of these attributes’ valences. Experiment 1 manipulated evaluative and semantic incongruence using valence norms and semantic norms. Both of these norm-based manipulations independently predicted felt ambivalence, and, in Experiment 2, they even did so over and above self-based incongruence (i.e., participants’ idiosyncratic perceptions of evaluative and semantic incongruence). Experiments 3a and 3b revealed that aversive dissonant feelings play a role in the effects of evaluative incongruence, but not semantic incongruence, on felt ambivalence.
The role of hypercorrection in the acquisition of L2 phonemic contrasts
Authors: Eckman Fred R , Iverson Gregory K , Song Jae Yung
Published: March 2013

This article reports empirical findings from an ongoing investigation into the acquisition of second-language (L2) phonemic contrasts. Specifically, we consider the status and role of the phenomenon of hypercorrection in the various stages through which L2 learners develop and internalize a target language (TL) contrast. We adopt the prevailing view in both sociolinguistics and second language acquisition studies that hypercorrection results from a certain amount of linguistic insecurity on the part of the speaker. Based on 53 Korean speakers’ production of English target phonemes, we conclude that a series of hypercorrection errors may well represent the final stage in the acquisition of a contrast, and further, that in order for hypercorrection to occur, there must be a formal connection between the TL contrast being acquired and the phonological structure of the learner’s native language.
Novel STXBP1 Mutations in 2 Patients With Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy
Authors: Sampaio Mafalda , Rocha Ruben , Biskup Saskia , Leão Miguel
Published: March 2013

The authors describe 2 patients with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy caused by 2 novel mutations involving the STXBP1 gene. The authors suggest that in spite of the rarity of STXBP1 mutations, molecular analysis of STXBP1 gene should be performed in patients with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy, after exclusion of ARX mutations in male patients and CDKL5 mutations in female patients. The potential mechanisms explaining the variable clinical phenotypes caused by STXBP1 mutations are discussed and the designation of early-onset epileptic encephalopathies, including an updated genetic classification, is proposed to encompass the epileptic encephalopathies beginning in the first 6 months of life.
Sociobiophysicality and the Necessity of Critical Theory: Moving beyond Prevailing Conceptions of Environmental Sociology in the USA
Authors: Stoner Alexander M.
Published: March 2013

Today, to perceive the link between society and environment does not require that we engage in an effort of great abstraction. What remains paradoxical is that the intensity and scale of societally induced environmental degradation, which rose to historically unprecedented levels during the latter half of the 20th century, is synchronous with an equally impressive increase in public concern for and attention to the biophysical world. This article examines values-based and traditional Marxist-oriented approaches to environmental sociology in the USA in order to assess whether or not – and if so, how exactly – these approaches help us make sense of the aforementioned paradox. Against this background, the necessity of critical theory for environmental sociology is illuminated. In order to further research efforts accordingly, this article advances the concept of sociobiophysicality, which allows us to grasp objective drivers of human-ecological transformation and forms of subjectivity as synchronous with the commodity form.
Beyond Corporate Fundamentalism: A Marxian Class Analysis of Corporate Crime Law Reform
Authors: Bittle Steven
Published: March 2013

This article uses Marxian class theory to examine the state’s role in disciplining the modern corporation. Over the past decade, the Canadian government has enacted laws extending corporate criminal liability to safety crimes and stock market fraud, and considered, but ultimately decided against, legislation that would have made Canadian mining, oil and gas companies operating in developing countries liable under Canadian law. Using empirical data from Canadian parliamentary hearings, the author argues that efforts to punish corporations through law represent an important struggle over who should have the power to control the conditions for appropriating and distributing surplus value. At the same time, however, these struggles fail to address the fundamental exploitation that Marx identified in his surplus labour theory of class. The author concludes that we need to transcend the state’s law reform efforts to transform the manner in which surplus values are generated, appropriated and distributed.
What Is Coleman’s Social Capital the Name of? A Critique of a Not Very Social Capital
Authors: Tlili Anwar , Obsiye Mohamed
Published: March 2013

Coleman’s concept of social capital has acquired an eminent place within various regions of the current sociological imagination as well as in policy discourses. Yet, it is founded on some very questionable premises. This article starts by reconstructing and assessing the problem – theoretical and empirical – that Coleman’s social capital sought to respond to. Then it examines the sociological thrust of social capital to show how Coleman’s formulation of the concept is caught up in some irreconcilable tensions, some logical problems with ideological implications, and some conceptual blurriness and silences around structures of inequality and the ways in which these structures causally mediate many aspects of what Coleman gathers under the name of social capital. It also shows how social capital is premised on a mix of communitarian, culturalist and familial axioms within a normative vision for suburban milieus where social capital features as a constitutive marker of territory.
Sensitivity analysis of a six degrees of freedom displacement measuring device
Authors: Mura Andrea
Published: March 2013

Object of this paper is the performance analysis of a six degrees of freedom measuring device based on a modified Stewart platform structure. Because of the device studied in this work represents a novel application of a Stewart like platform, an investigation about its performance has been done, in order to evaluate both behaviour and characteristics of this device in different geometrical configurations. In particular, sensitivity analysis has been carried on about geometrical characteristics and displacements amplitude. To calculate the sensitivity, the inverse kinematic equations of the device have been obtained.
Mid- to late-Holocene Indian winter monsoon variability from a terrestrial record in eastern and southeastern coastal environments of Sri Lanka
Authors: Ranasinghe PN , Ortiz JD , Smith AJ , Griffith EM , Siriwardana CHER , De Silva SN , Wijesundara DTDS
Published: March 2013

The southeastern coastal plain of Sri Lanka contains Holocene sediment archives representing the winter monsoon variability because this region is protected from both summer monsoon and cyclonic rainfall. Chemical, biological, mineralogical, and physical climate proxies were studied in sediment cores extracted from three different coastal estuaries and lagoons situated on the southeastern coast to derive winter monsoon variability. These cores displayed minimum influence of sea level-related changes in sediments. Clay normalized proxy records suggest intervals of aridity from >7300 to ~6750, semi-aridity from ~6250 to 4600 yr BP, and aridity from ~4000 to 3000 and ~1100 to <500 cal. yr BP, with a short wet interval from ~6500 to 6250 cal. yr BP, and a wet interval from ~3000 to 1500 yr BP. Our results match the timing of previously published climate events for Holocene variations in the Indian summer monsoon. Wavelet analysis of the detrended climate proxy records identify significant periodicities at: ~20 ~28–32, ~64, ~100, ~128, ~192, ~256 yr in our data. Most of these periodicities are consistent with known solar irradiance cycles, which drive the decadal- to centennial-scale variability of the summer monsoon. Our multiproxy record for mid- to late-Holocene climate in southeastern Sri Lanka documents that Indian winter monsoon variability is statistically similar to Indian summer monsoon variability, suggesting similar forcing mechanisms.
Dose rounding of ipilimumab in adult metastatic melanoma patients results in significant cost savings
Authors: Jarkowski Anthony , Nestico Jill S , Vona Karen L , Khushalani Nikhil I
Published: March 2013

Purpose

To assess cost savings incurred with a dose rounding process that was implemented for ipilimumab. Secondarily, to assess response rates, patient tolerance, and adverse effects associated with ipilimumab upon implementation of dose rounding.

Methods

All patients with a diagnosis of metastatic melanoma and who received at least one dose ipilimumab were included for analysis. Doses of ipilimumab were calculated based upon the actual body weight (in kg) of the patient at the FDA approved regimen of 3 mg/kg every 21 days × 4 doses. The exact total mg dose was then rounded to the nearest 50 mg vial size. The potential effect on cost was calculated in US dollars for both the calculated and rounded doses. Waste, in mg, was defined as the amount of drug that may have been discarded if the calculated dose was used for therapy. The acquisition cost applied was US$120 per mg.

Results

22 patients have received at least one dose of ipilimumab. 11 patients have completed therapy and received all four induction doses. 9 patients discontinued therapy early and 2 patients were still actively receiving induction at the time of this analysis. A total of 63 doses were given. The maximum potential cost savings by giving ipilimumab to the nearest 50 mg over the period was 155,400.

Conclusions

Dose rounding of ipilimumab to the nearest 50 mg has the potential to result in a significant cost savings by eliminating drug waste.
Physical and chemical stability of high-dose ifosfamide and mesna for prolonged 14-day continuous infusion
Authors: Zhang YanPing , Kawedia Jitesh D , Myers Alan L , McIntyre Chelsey M , Anderson Peter M , Kramer Mark A , Culotta Kirk S
Published: March 2013

Purpose

Ifosfamide plus mesna have been used recently in a high-dose regimen that allows this chemotherapy to be given to outpatients with less toxicity over 14 days using a portable pump. However, there is a need for published stability information. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical stability of ifosfamide with mesna in normal saline at room temperature over a prolonged period of 14 days.

Methods

Infusion solutions of 1:1 ifosfamide and mesna at final concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 mg/mL were prepared with 0.9% sodium chloride in PVC bags. Solutions were stored at room temperature. Concentrations of ifosfamide and mesna were measured at 0 and 1, 3, 7 and 14 days using a stability-indicating reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay with ultraviolet detection.

Results

Ifosfamide and mesna were both physicochemically stable (>94%) for 14 days in all tested infusion solutions (10, 20 and 30 mg/mL).

Conclusions

Our stability data indicate that ifosfamide and mesna (1:1) combination can be administered as a prolonged continuous infusion with portable pump in an outpatient setting without replacement of the infusion bag. We suggest 20 mg/mL as a reasonable concentration for infusion rates of about 2-4 cc/hr over prolonged periods of time.
Oral chemotherapy handling and storage practices among Veterans Affairs oncology patients and caregivers
Authors: Trovato James A , Tuttle Laura A
Published: March 2013

Purpose

This questionnaire-based study was designed to identify the oral chemotherapy medication handling, storage, and disposal practices among cancer patients and their caregivers.

Methods

This was a single-center observational survey study approved by the Investigational Review Board and VA Research & Development Committee. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they had an active order for an oral antineoplastic medication and an appointment at the oncology clinic. A questionnaire related to the storage, handling, disposal, patient education and counseling, and patients’ perception of safety of oral antineoplastic medications was developed and given to patients in the clinic. Survey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results

A total of 45 surveys were given to eligible patients in the oncology clinic and 42 surveys were returned to the study team. The majority, 40 participants (95%) were male. Participants ranged in age from 51 to 85 years (median, 65 years). Thirty-eight patients (90.5%) responded that the medication was stored away from extreme heat, cold, and humidity. Thirty-two patients (76%) reported keeping their medications in the original container. Hand washing was not a consistent practice among patients. Eleven patients (26%) reported always washing their hands after handling their anticancer medication; another 6 (14%) responded “sometimes”. Of the 42 participants who answered, only 6 patients (14%) reported always or sometimes wearing gloves.

Conclusion

The majority of patients responding to this survey store their oral anticancer medications appropriately, but patients’ and caregivers’ handling and disposal practices are inconsistent and frequently do not follow the published recommendations.
The role of threat expectancy in attentional bias and thermal pain perception in healthy individuals
Authors: Schoth Daniel E , Yu Karen , Liossi Christina
Published: March 2013

The influence of threat expectancy upon attentional biases for pain-related information and pain thresholds was explored in healthy participants. Participants were randomized to receive either threatening ( n = 32) or nonthreatening ( n = 31) information regarding an upcoming computerized task assessing cold and heat pain thresholds. Participants receiving threatening information were more worried about the pain task and, relative to those receiving nonthreatening information, showed attentional bias toward sensory-pain words. No between-group differences were found in terms of cold and heat pain thresholds. These results show that the type of information participants receive can influence their attentional processes and emotional concerns.
Tactical media practices in Italy: The case of Insu^tv
Authors: Ardizzoni Michela
Published: March 2013

This article focuses on two main questions that frame the status of contemporary Italian media: What happens when the democratic potential of the media is smothered by the cemented ties between television and politics? And how do alternative media initiatives in Italy engage this rapprochement of media and citizenship in the 21st century? This article addresses these issues by examining the origins and ramifications of one such initiative known as Telestreet project. The first part of the analysis traces the history and objectives of Telestreet as a bottom-up approach to broadcasting; in the second section, I focus on a Neapolitan street TV project, Insu^Tv, as a successful case in point of this activist approach to local media making; the last section of the article focuses on in-depth interviews with the activists behind Insu^Tv and their efforts to create independent communication tools and reclaim an active and activist role in the Italian media flows.
Journalistic professionalism as performance and boundary work: Source relations at the state house
Authors: Revers Matthias
Published: March 2013

In addition to power struggles over representation, negotiations between journalists and news sources represent complex boundary problems. Journalists’ efforts at asserting autonomy and offsetting instances when they give it up all provide valuable insights into their understanding of professionalism. The state house, where political actors attempt to influence media representations every day, provides a strategic research site (Merton, 1987) for studying professionalism in source relations. This ethnographic analysis of the Albany press corps looks at professional meanings that are expressed in these negotiations. In interviews conducted for this study, journalists define and distinguish themselves from each other primarily in terms of their understandings of what dealing with source negotiations professionally means. This article introduces the concept of boundary performance to explore how news workers express journalistic professionalism symbolically in action.
Best practice in the diagnosis and management of urogenital tuberculosis
Authors: Kulchavenya Ekaterina
Published: March 2013

Tuberculosis (TB) is a current public health problem, remaining the most common worldwide cause of mortality from infectious diseases. Urogenital tuberculosis (UGTB) is the second most common form of extrapulmonary TB in countries with severe epidemic situations and the third most common form in regions with a low incidence of TB. In this article we present the terminology, epidemiology and classification of UGTB, as well as describing the laboratory findings and clinical features and approaches to chemotherapy as well as surgery.
Non-negative matrix factorization by maximizing correntropy for cancer clustering
Authors: Wang Jim Jing-Yan , Wang Xiaolei , Gao Xin
Published: March 2013

Background

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) has been shown to be a powerful tool for clustering gene expression data, which are widely used to classify cancers. NMF aims to find two non-negative matrices whose product closely approximates the original matrix. Traditional NMF methods minimize either the l
2 norm or the Kullback-Leibler distance between the product of the two matrices and the original matrix. Correntropy was recently shown to be an effective similarity measurement due to its stability to outliers or noise.

Results

We propose a maximum correntropy criterion (MCC)-based NMF method (NMF-MCC) for gene expression data-based cancer clustering. Instead of minimizing the l
2 norm or the Kullback-Leibler distance, NMF-MCC maximizes the correntropy between the product of the two matrices and the original matrix. The optimization problem can be solved by an expectation conditional maximization algorithm.

Conclusions

Extensive experiments on six cancer benchmark sets demonstrate that the proposed method is significantly more accurate than the state-of-the-art methods in cancer clustering.
The pattern of Phosphate transporter 1 genes evolutionary divergence in Glycine maxL.
Authors: Fan Chengming , Wang Xu , Hu Ruibo , Wang Yahui , Xiao Chaowen , Jiang Ying , Zhang Xiaomei , Zheng Changying , Fu Yong-Fu
Published: March 2013

Background

The Phosphate transporter 1 (PHT1) gene family has crucial roles in phosphate uptake, translocation, remobilization, and optimization of metabolic processes using of Pi. Gene duplications expand the size of gene families, and subfunctionalization of paralog gene pairs is a predominant tendency after gene duplications. To date, experimental evidence for the evolutionary relationships among different paralog gene pairs of a given gene family in soybean is limited.

Results

All potential Phosphate transporter 1 genes in Glycine max L. (GmPHT1) were systematically analyzed using both bioinformatics and experimentation. The soybean PHT1 genes originated from four distinct ancestors prior to the Gamma WGT and formed 7 paralog gene pairs and a singleton gene. Six of the paralog gene pairs underwent subfunctionalization, and while GmPHT1;4 paralog gene experienced pseudogenization. Examination of long-term evolutionary changes, six GmPHT1 paralog gene pairs diverged at multiple levels, in aspects of spatio-temporal expression patterns and/or quanta, phosphates affinity properties, subcellular localization, and responses to phosphorus stress.

Conclusions

These characterized divergences occurred in tissue- and/or development-specific modes, or conditional modes. Moreover, they have synergistically shaped the evolutionary rate of GmPHT1 family, as well as maintained phosphorus homeostasis at cells and in the whole plant.