bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGAWASAN PERATURAN DAERAH SETELAH PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 137/PUU-XIII/2015 DAN 56/PUU-XIV/2016
Authors: Novandra Riza
Published: June 2020

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 137/PUU-XIII/2015 dan 56/PUU-XIV/2016 telah menghapuskan kewenangan pengawasan yang dimiliki oleh Pemerintah Pusat khususnya dalam hal pembatalan Peraturan Daerah. Menteri Dalam Negeri kini tidak lagi dapat membatalkan Peraturan Daerah Provinsi, dan Gubernur sebagai wakil pemerintah pusat di daerah, tidak lagi mempunyai kewenangan untuk membatalkan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten/ Kota yang dianggap bermasalah. Tidak adanya lagi pengawasan yang bersifat represif dari Pemerintah Pusat terhadap peraturan daerah tentunya dapat mempengaruhi implementasi dari sebuah kebijakan nasional ketika sampai di daerah. Di samping itu, kualitas Peraturan Daerah yang masih jauh dari kondisi ideal juga berpotensi menimbulkan kerugian bagi masyarakat. Sedangkan upaya Pemerintah dalam memberikan perlindungan hukum kepada masyarakat akan menjadi sangat terhambat tanpa adanya kewenangan untuk membatalkan peraturan daerah. Penelitian ini hendak menganalisis peraturan daerah dari segi pengawasannya. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji bentuk pengawasan peraturan daerah yang dapat digunakan oleh Pemerintah Pusat. Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa setelah adanya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. masih terdapat kewenangan pengawasan yang dapat diterapkan oleh Pemerintah Pusat. Selain masih perlunya penguatan mekanisme pengawasan preventif, terdapat instrumen pengawasan lain yang dapat digunakan baik oleh Pemerintah Pusat maupun masyarakat daerah itu sendiri.
UJI PUBLIK SEBAGAI MODEL PELIBATAN MASYARAKAT DALAM SELEKSI KOMISIONER KOMISI PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI
Authors: Fauzin Fauzin
Published: June 2020

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menemukan model pelibatan masyarakat dalam seleksi komisioner KPK. Hal ini dianggap penting mengingat hasil seleksinya menimbulkan pro dan kontra di masyarakat, termasuk hasil seleksi komisioner KPK periode 2019-2023. Sementara seleksi komisioner KPK sebelumnya juga terdapat catatan menarik. Dua periode diantaranya (periode 2007-2011 dan periode 2011-2015) beberapa pimpinan KPK terjerat kasus hukum yang berakibat adanya pergantian sebelum masa jabatannya berakhir. Menariknya, beberapa pimpinan KPK itu terjerat kasus hukum yang terjadi sebelum yang bersangkutan ditetapkan sebagai pimpinan KPK. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian normatif dengan bahan hukum primer yakni UU Nomor 30 Tahun 2002 dan UU Nomor 19 Tahun 2019. Selain menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, juga menggunakan pendekatan konsep guna menemukan model pelibatan masyarakat yang tepat. Bahwa terdapat satu pasal yang menjadi dasar hukum pelibatan masyarakat, yakni Pasal 30 UU Nomor 30 Tahun 2002. Pelibatan masyarakat yang dimaksud diatur pada ayat (6) hanya sebatas memberikan tanggapan saat nama calon komisioner diumumkan ke publik oleh panitia seleksi. Padahal keterlibatan masyarakat menjadi strategis jika dilaksanakan dengan model yang tepat. Pelibatan masyarakat akan berdampak pada dukungan masyarakat. Mempertegas format dan waktu pelibatan masyarakat sangat penting. Uji publik terhadap calon pimpinan KPK menjadi alternatif model keterlibatan masyarakat untuk mengetahui kelayakannya.
Pluralismo político y rol del moderador en tertulias televisivas: Al Rojo Vivo y Las Mañanas de Cuatro
Authors:   Universidad de Valencia, Bandera López Noel
Published: June 2020

Las tertulias televisivas han cobrado gran relevancia en el nuevo ciclo político abierto en España en 2014. Con vistas a analizar el grado de pluralismo político y el rol del moderador que se despliega en ellas, se ha tomado una muestra de 50 programas (25 de "Al Rojo Vivo" y 25 de "Las Mañanas de Cuatro"). La perspectiva es cualitativa respecto al alcance del marco permitido y cuantitativa en cuanto al tratamiento que reciben los partidos políticos. Las variables registradas están relacionadas con quién, cuánto y cómo interviene en el programa. Se ha obtenido el número de intervenciones que realiza un partido por cada contraargumento que recibe de los periodistas. Del análisis se extraen conclusiones sobre las deficitarias condiciones en las que se despliega un pluralismo muy sesgado por la orientación política de los programas, y un trato radicalmente distinto dependiendo de cuál sea el partido entrevistado. Las limitaciones son las propias de una metodología empleada por vez primera y el hallazgo principal sería el alineamiento de ambos programas en el enfoque general y en el tratamiento a los diversos partidos.
Integración de Twitter y Facebook en la comunicación de la administración local: el Ayuntamiento de Elche como caso de estudio
Authors:   Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Olabe Fernando Miguel , Márquez López José Antonio
Published: June 2020

La incorporación de las redes sociales en las organizaciones públicas es un hecho. La administración pública ha comenzado a utilizar estas nuevas herramientas sociales del siglo XXI para establecer nuevas relaciones de confianza con los ciudadanos y proporcionar una información de valor y servicio para la audiencia. Sin embargo, la gestión de los medios sociales necesita de una atención continua a la actividad que se genera en los diferentes canales en red que existen en la actualidad. Las relaciones con los usuarios y la interacción con estos para conocer sus preocupaciones es una oportunidad para democratizar las instituciones a través del mundo digital. En este trabajo de investigación se ha realizado un análisis de contenido sobre los perfiles en Twitter y Facebook del Ayuntamiento de Elche con el fin de conocer el tipo de gestión comunicativa realizada por la cuenta y valorar determinados aspectos como la presencia y relevancia de la cuenta, actividad de la misma, reacciones de los usuarios, además de la interacción y conversación entre emisores y receptores de la información. La investigación muestra un comportamiento comunicativo unidireccional del Ayuntamiento de Elche en sus perfiles de Twitter y Facebook, que como consecuencia no generan interacción con los seguidores.
Comunicación y divulgación de ciencia en Brasil: un estudio de la usabilidad del portal MCTIC
Authors:   Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Portugal., Gonçalves Tatiana
Published: June 2020

La comunicación y divulgación de la ciencia es un pilar fundamental para entender el proceso de transformación social y económica de un país, ya que la generación de nuevos conocimientos, no pueden traer beneficios a la sociedad, si éstos se mantienen restringidos a un ambiente exclusivamente científico. Esto tiene especial importancia es países en vías de desarrollo como es el Brasil. En este sentido, el Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología, Innovaciones y Comunicaciones, el MCTIC, es el responsable de la implementación y ejecución de programas nacionales para la difusión de la ciencia en Brasil. El sitio web del MCTIC, es el medio más importante para llevar a cabo tales objetivos. En este trabajo analizaremos este portal, y su efectividad como herramienta para divulgar y promover la adquisición de información sobre ciencia. En particular, este trabajo se centra en el análisis de la usabilidad del portal de MCTIC. La usabilidad es uno de los parámetros más importantes para evaluar la efectividad y calidad de un portal, y es esencial para que las plataformas puedan ser utilizadas con éxito. Veremos que, aunque la utilización de esta plataforma digital ofrezca nuevos caminos para la disposición de la información al ciudadano, todavía persiste un retraso significativo en lo que respeta su estructura, especialmente, la usabilidad.
Propuesta metodológica para el análisis del periodismo especializado en sucesos en el ecosistema digital
Authors:   Universidad de Málaga, Villalobos Aguilera Guillermo Francisco , Monedero Morales Carmen del Rocío ,   Universidad de Málaga.
Published: June 2020

La incorporación de los medios de comunicación a las redes sociales ha propiciado alteraciones que afectan, sobre todo, a la forma de presentar la información, al estilo y a los tiempos, generándose nuevas narrativas que se diferencian de las prácticas que los medios desempeñan en formatos tradicionales. Por ello, resulta necesario analizar estos cambios, así como sus consecuencias, sobre todo, en lo referente a calidad y fines de la información con el objetivo de mantener el propio estatus informativo, siendo conscientes de que estos canales se han convertido en la principal fuente de información para muchos usuarios. En este sentido, nuestro objetivo es presentar una metodología capaz de ser aplicada en este escenario para detectar excesos dentro del campo de la información especializada en sucesos, principalmente, técnicas relacionadas con el sensacionalismo o el alarmismo que generan una desvirtualización de la información y provocan una pérdida de confianza en la credibilidad del medio de comunicación.
Apple Music, el modelo de radio integrado para el consumo de música
Authors:   Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Moreno Cazalla Lourdes
Published: June 2020

Apple Music se ha destacado como el servicio de música a la carta que, desde sus inicios como iTunes, ha integrado la radio entre su oferta de contenidos en Internet. Desde 2016 se detecta una estrategia que apuesta decidida por el producto de radio online, no solo mediante Beats 1, la radio con programación lineal 24 horas presentada por locutores, deejays reconocidos e incluso personalidades del mundo de la música, sino también incluyendo todos esos programas bajo demanda y emisoras temáticas según estilos musicales o estados de ánimo, estas sin locución. Apple Music se presenta como un modelo para estudiar cómo integrar la radio musical en los nuevos hábitos de consumo basados en el acceso, playlist, portabilidad, movilidad y ubicuidad y qué tipo de contenidos y nuevas narrativas son capaces de crear y adaptar para encontrar su propio espacio en este ecosistema dominado por las plataformas.
La experiencia Nespresso, el Marketing Sensorial aplicado al sector del café
Authors:   Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, González Romo Zahaira Fabiola
Published: June 2020

Las últimas tendencias en marketing encaminan las marcas al mundo de las experiencias como punto de encuentro, donde el usuario conecta directamente con la firma y se crea un vínculo emocional y personalizado entre ambos. Así nace el marketing experiencial. Con este planteamiento, se desarrolla el nuevo concepto de tiendas temáticas que venden entretenimiento, una experiencia en toda regla: las flagship stores. La presente investigación estudia qué factores del marketing sensorial intervienen en la comercialización Nespresso en su punto de venta. Con unos positivos resultados, se entiende que el marketing de sensaciones es una disciplina clave para crear conexiones emocionales entre la marca y su público
Hablan los guionistas: Análisis de su práctica profesional
Authors:   Universidad de Salamanca, Marcos Ramos María
Published: June 2020

En este artículo se analizan diferentes características de la ficción nacional, especialmente la ubicada en horario de prime-time, a través de las opiniones de una veintena de guionistas nacionales en activo. Gracias a su experiencia y a sus respuestas, este estudio de carácter cualitativo permitirá conocer hasta qué punto la ficción nacional está basada en productos generalistas y costumbristas, si se recurre a los estereotipos para crear personajes y si su uso varía en función del modo de trabajo de la productora, además de si se recurre a la realidad para crear la serie, los personajes, las tramas, etc.
El uso político de Twitter en la campaña de las Elecciones Locales de 2015 en la ciudad de València
Authors:   Universitat de València, Gamir Rios José
Published: June 2020

La investigación analiza el uso político de Twitter en la campaña de las Elecciones Locales de 2015 en la ciudad de València. El trabajo realiza una comparación de la presencia y de la actividad en dicha red de microblogging de las cinco formaciones políticas que obtuvieron representación en la corporación municipal (el Partido Popular, Compromís, Ciudadanos, PSPV-PSOE y València en Comú) y sus respectivos candidatos (Rita Barberá, Joan Ribó, Fernando Giner, Joan Calabuig y Jordi Peris). Lo hace mediante una metodología de análisis cuantitativo ya consolidada y que resulta especialmente conveniente para documentar la progresiva implantación de las aportaciones potenciales de la comunicación política online en España. Las principales conclusiones son que partidos y candidatos realizaron un uso instrumental de Twitter para difundir sus agendas, sin aprovechar muchas de sus posibilidades hipertextuales, multimedia y de interacción; y que la viralidad sirvió más para movilizar a simpatizantes que para captar nuevos electores afines
Estrategias, posiciones y prácticas científicas en la enseñanza y la Investigación de la Comunicación en América Latina | Strategies, positions and scientific practices in teaching and research of the Communication in Latin America
Authors: León Duarte Gustavo Adolfo
Published: June 2020

ResumenEl documento muestra un avance del protocolo de investigación titulado “la constitución científica de la investigación latinoamericana en comunicación. Una aproximación a las características estructurales de la producción científica del Pensamiento Latinoamericano de la Comunicación (PLC) 1997-2010”, el cual es financiado por el Programa de Mejoramiento del Profesorado de la Secretaría de Educación Pública de México y la Universidad de Sonora (www.uson.mx). Particularmente, expone algunas de las características de hondo arraigo que buscan enfatizar cuáles son y en qué consisten las estrategias, posiciones y prácticas científicas en los principales colectivos científicos que hoy en día encarnan a la investigación latinoamericana en Comunicación: por un lado, con respecto a la producción científica generada por la llamada Escuela Latinoamericana de la Comunicación (ELACOM). Por otro, con respecto a la producción científica que simboliza a la Asociación Latinoamericana de Investigadores de la Comunicación (ALAIC). Finalmente, se analizan las estrategias, posiciones y prácticas científicas divulgan algunas de las más destacadas revistas latinoamericanas de la comunicación.Palabras claveInvestigación de la Comunicación, Ética de la Comunicación, Epistemología, Transdisciplina. ResumoEste artigo mostra algumas das características estruturais que procuram enfatizar quais são e em que consistem as principais perspectivas e posições epistemológicas interdisciplinarias no coletivo cientista da chamada Associação Latinoamericana de Pesquisadores da Comunicação  (ALAIC). Também algumas de suas principais distinções com os aportes que por separado geram duas fontes de investigação em comunicação que são a estas datas transcendentais no campo de estudos da comunicação em Latinoamérica: por um lado, com respeito à produção científica gerada pela Escola Latinoamericana da Comunicação (ELACOM). Por outro, com respeito à produção científica que divulgam algumas das mais marcantes revistas latinoamericanas da Comunicação.Palavras-ChaveInterdisciplina, Investigação da Comunicação, Epistemologia, transdisciplina.AbstractThe document shows some of the structural features that seek to emphasize what they are and what the major interdisciplinary perspectives and epistemological positions in the Latin American Communication Researchers. Also some of their main distinctions with the contributions of two important sources in the field of communication studies in Latin America: on one hand, with regard to scientific output generated by the scientific community of the so-called Latin American School of Communication. For other one, with regard to the scientific production that there spread some of the most prominent Latin American journals of CommunicationKey WordsInterdisciplinary, Communication Research, Epistemology, Cross-discipline.
El problema del autobombo en el diario impreso
Authors:   Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, de Lara González Alicia
Published: June 2020

Bajo los efectos de un contexto calificado por algunos expertos como ‘la crisis del papel’, nos proponemos analizar el rol que desempeña en el diario impreso la publicidad autorreferente. La investigación se basa en el estudio del contenido autopublicitario de los dos diarios de pago con mayor peso en la provincia de Alicante. Se pretende con ello realizar una crítica constructiva de la utilización de la publicidad que proviene del propio medio, especialmente la de tipo promocional por ser la más abundante. Todo ello, con el objetivo final de plantear nuevas propuestas de actuación encaminadas a atraer y conservar lectores que se conviertan en compradores habituales del diario.
Obsoleta manipulación: nueva concepción informativa
Authors:   Universidad de La Laguna (Tenerife), Toledano Samuel
Published: June 2020

La excesiva frecuencia con la que se alude a la manipulación de los medios confirma el predominio de intereses no profesionales que han derivado en un descrédito generalizado de la información. Sin embargo, el uso cotidiano de este término, y su paradójica manipulación, no permite ya definir en su totalidad el engaño al que se somete a los receptores. Basándose en los conceptos manipulación e información, junto a otros como gatekeeper o agenda-setting, el artículo recoge diversos eventos publicados para presentar una propuesta teórica que divide la información entre la real, la virtual y la ficticia.
Kapuscinski non fiction: ¿la clave de una biografía?
Authors: Binswanger-Stefanska Elzbieta
Published: June 2020

La biografía (no autorizada) del periodista polaco Arthur Domoslawski se edita este otoño en castellano. La periodista y publicista polaca, Elzbieta Binswanger-Stefanska, ha escrito para MHCJ este artículo-crítica sobre ‘Kapuscinski Non-Fiction’, el controvertido libro de Domoslawski que la autora critica abiertamente. Dicha crítica se sustenta en un estudio riguroso sobre la mencionada obra de Domoslawski, periodista de renombre en Polonia y que en otros tiempos fuera discípulo de Kapuscinski.
Veinte años de censura oficial y militar en Irak
Authors:   Universidad San Jorge (USJ), Fuentes Fernández Rosana
Published: June 2020

El estudio sobre las fuentes de información oficiales y militares utilizadas en la guerra del Golfo de 1991 y la invasión de Irak de 2003 por Alfonso Rojo para El Mundo y desarrollado mediante análisis cuantitativos y cualitativos, se completa con el cotejo de la cobertura informativa que cinco medios de comunicación españoles y nueve internacionales hicieron sobre el día de “la rabia” iraquí de 2011. Con los resultados se pretende demostrar la hipótesis inicial sobre las dos décadas de censura informativa impuesta en Irak a los periodistas que trabajan bajo un estricto control estatal.
Análisis del color como connotador en la fotografía publicitaria
Authors:   UCAM, Galindo Marín Félix , Subiela Hernández Blas José ,   UCAM, González-Sicilia Llamas Manuel ,   UCAM
Published: June 2020

Partimos de la hipótesis de que el color es un elemento de la fotografía publicitaria capaz de añadir significados connotados. Consideramos que a lo largo de la historia y para la cultura occidental se han asociado una serie de significados de carácter simbólico y connotado a los diferentes tonos del color. Y la fotografía publicitaria los utiliza y los controla de forma que crea y refuerza el posicionamiento que se quiere dar al producto publicitado. Para probar nuestra hipótesis hemos desarrollado una herramienta de recogida y análisis de datos que hemos puesto a prueba con el estudio de tres fotografías publicitarias de perfumes de la compañía Lancôme: Trésor, Trésor in love y Trésor midnight rose. Se trata de tres posicionamientos muy claros, para públicos objetivos muy bien diferenciados. En los tres casos se detectan claves tonales y gamas de color muy concretas. Que enlazan con el universo simbólico con el que se rodea a cada uno de esos perfumes en las descripciones que la propia compañía realiza de cada uno de ellos en su sitio web (www.lancomespain.com).
A Virtual Reality based intervention for surgical patients: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Georgescu Raluca , Dobrean Anca , Silaghi Cristina Alina , Silaghi Horațiu
Published: June 2020

Background: Pain after surgery is normal, and treatments, including both pharmacological and psychological components, are fundamental for proper postoperative care. While several trials have investigated the analgesic effect of traditional non-pharmacological treatments, such as Cognitive Behaviors Therapies, the newer ways of delivering psychological interventions for pain after surgery are scarcely investigated. The aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to determine if delivering the psychological content through Virtual Reality (VR) along with the standard pharmacological treatment return better pain relief outcomes than standard care in adult patients following surgery. Methods: This is a protocol of a parallel RCT conducted in one community hospital. In order to test the efficacy of VR environments for reducing pain intensity, in the following day after surgery, adults (18 to 65 years) will be randomly assigned to either (1) standard treatment after surgery (control group) or (2) VR based intervention along with standard treatment. It is intended that a minimum of 30 patients be recruited in each group. For estimating the intensity of pain, both self-report and physiological measures will be used. Repeated measures of pain outcomes will be taken before and after the intervention. Moreover, for allowing an in-depth investigation of the effect of VR environments, the primary outcome will be complemented with measures of the adverse effects, level of immersion, and level of presence in the VR environment.
Analysis of exosomal circRNAs upon irradiation in pancreatic cancer cell repopulation
Authors: Chen Yi-yun , Jiang Ming-jie , Chen Zhi-long , Tian Ling
Published: June 2020

Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant tumors. However, radiotherapy can lead to tumor recurrence, which is caused by the residual surviving cells repopulation stimulated by some molecular released from dying cells. Exosomes may mediate cell-cell communication and transfer kinds of signals from the dying cells to the surviving cells for stimulating tumor repopulation. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) may be one vital kind of exosomal cargos involving in modulating cancer cell repopulation. Methods: Next generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics were performed to analyze and annotate the expression and function of exosome-derived circRNAs in pancreatic cancer cells after radiation. 4 circRNAs were chosen for qRT-PCR analysis to validate the sequencing results. Results: In this study, 3,580 circRNAs were annotated in literatures and circBase among 12,572 identified circRNAs. There were 196 filtered differentially expressed circRNAs (the up-regulation and down-regulation respectively is 182 and 14, fold change >2, p-value <0.05). Regulation of metabolic process and lysine degradation were the main enriched biological processes and pathway according to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Conclusions: The hsa_circ_0002130-hsa_miR_4482-3p-NBN interaction network suggested potential sponging miRNA and target mRNA. Our results provided potential functions of circRNAs to explore molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer cell repopulation upon irradiation.
Premature Mortality of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Iran: Trends and Projections for 2001–2030
Authors: Shadmani Fatemeh Khosravi , Farzadfar Farshad , Yoosefi Moein , Mansori Kamyar , Shadman Reza Khosravi , Haghdoost Ali Akbar
Published: June 2020

Background: The present study was conducted to determine the trend and projection of premature mortality from gastrointestinal cancers (GI cancers) at national and subnational levels in Iran.Methods: Employing the data obtained from Iranian Death Registry System (DRS) and population data from census, the mortality rates of GI cancers was calculated among 30-70 age groups. The trends of esophageal, colon and rectum, gallbladder, pancreases, stomach, and liver cancer premature mortalities were estimated and projected at the national and subnational levels from 2001 to 2030. Then, Spatio-temporal model was used to project spatial and temporal correlations. Results: The overall mortality rate of GI cancers was higher in males than in females, indicating 6.1, 3.9 and 3.9 percent per 100000 individuals among males in 2001, 2015 and 2030 respectively and 3.8, 3.1 and 3.7 per 100000 individuals among females in the same time-frame. The overall mortality rate of GI cancers in males was decreasing until 2015 and will remain stationary into 2030; however, the rate will be increasing among females in both time-frames. Also, there was a considerable variation in the mortality trends of different cancers. Pancreatic, gallbladder, and liver cancers were shown to have an increasing trend while a drop was observed in the mortality rates of stomach, colon and rectum, and esophageal cancers. Conclusion: Variation of GI cancers patterns and trends around the country indicated that a more comprehensive control plan is needed to include the predicted variations.
Seasonal Variation in the Occurrence of Retinal Vein Occlusion: A 4-Year Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Matsuzawa Moe , Sakanishi Yoshihito , Ebihara Nobuyuki
Published: June 2020

Background: Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a common retinal vascular disease that causes a loss of vision. Therefore, we investigated whether there is seasonal variation in the onset of RVO, to examine the possibility of preventing it.Methods: Patients with RVO who were treated at the Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital between April 2013 and March 2017 were included in this retrospective study. The season in which the RVO occurred was recorded for each case, and the cases were grouped into six 2-month periods based on the month of RVO, and classified by age, sex and hypertension status. The frequency of occurrence of RVO across seasons was compared using a chi-squared test.Results: A total of 348 patients with RVO presented during the study period, with information regarding the date of RVO onset. The cohort of 348 consisted of 167 males and 181 females who, overall, had a mean age of 64.0 years (range 17–96 years). The highest incidence of RVO onset was during January/February, with the lowest incidence during July/August. Patient age, sex and hypertension status did not influence the results.Conclusions: The seasonal onset of RVO tended to be higher in January/February and May/June, and lower in July/August. These findings suggest that eyecare professionals should be more vigilant in watching for the occurrence of RVO during winter and the rainy season, regardless of the patient’s sex, age or hypertension status.
Moral Structuring Of Children During The Process Of Obtaining Informed Consent In Clinical And Research Settings
Authors: Díaz-Pérez Anderson , Quiroz Elkin Navarro , MARENCO DILIA APARICIO
Published: June 2020

Background. Informed consent is an important factor in a child’s moral structure from which different types of doctor–patient relationships arise. Children’s autonomy is currently under discussion in terms of their decent treatment, beyond which it is perceived by clinicians and/or researchers. Methods. This is a transversal, qualitative study via a subjectivist approach and a interpretivist approach. The study was performed by conducting semi-structured interviews of 21 people by clinicians and researchers. Data analysis was performed with the SPSS 21® and Atlas Ti 7.0® programmes. Results. Influential practices in the doctor–patient relationship were approach and paternalistic. In the deliberative model, the child is expected to have a moral awareness of their care. The paternalistic model determined that submission was a way of structuring the child, since he or she is considered to be a subject of extreme care. Conclusions. The differentiated objectification [educational] process recognises the internal and external elements of the child. Informed consent proved to be the appropriate means for strengthening moral and structuring the child.
Molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infected patients with elevated transaminases in Shanghai, China
Authors: Wu Shanshan , Zhang Yi , Tang Yuyan , Yao Ting , Lv Mengjiao , Tang Zhenghao , Zang Guoqing , Yu Yongsheng , Chen Xiaohua
Published: June 2020

Background: Patients coinfected with HBV and hepatitis D virus (HDV) have a greater risk of HCC and cirrhosis. The current study was undertaken to assess HDV genotype distribution and determine clinical characteristics of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) among HBsAg positive individuals in Shanghai.Method: This retrospective study involved 225 serum samples from HBsAg positive hospitalized patients from October 2010 to April 2013. HDV-specific RT-nested PCR was used to amplify HDV RNA. HDV genotypes were characterized by Next-generation sequencing (NGS), followed by phylogenetic analyses. HDV/HBV co-infected patients and HBV mono-infected patients were compared clinically and virologically.Results: Out of the 225 HBsAg-positive serum samples with elevated transaminases, HDV-RNA was identified in 11 (4.9%) patients. The HBV loads in the HDV positive group were significantly lower than the HDV negative HBV-infected patients. The aminotransferase enzymes were significantly higher in HDV/HBV co-infected compared to HDV negative patients (P<0.05). Phylogenetic analyses indicated that HDV-2 genotype being the predominant genotype, other HDV genotypes were not observed. HDV/HBV patients were significantly associated with a rather unfavourable clinical outcome.Conclusion： In summary, our study showed that the prevalence of HDV infection in patients with elevated transaminases is not low and the predominance of HDV genotype 2 infection in Shanghai. This finding helps us to better understand the correlation of HDV/HBV co-infection. Moreover, Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies provide a rapid, precise method for generating HDV genomes to define infecting genotypes.
Analysis of lifetime death probability for major causes of death among residents in China
Authors: yuan ping , Xiang Jianjun , Borg Matthew , CHEN Tiehui , Lin Xiuquan , Peng Xiane , ZHENG Kuicheng
Published: June 2020

Background: Cumulative mortality rate and cumulative mortality risk are two commonly used indicators to measure the impact and severity of diseases. However, they are calculated during a defined life span and assume the subject does not die from other causes. This study aims to use a new indicator, lifetime death probability (LDP), to estimate the lifetime death probabilities for the top five leading causes of death in China and explore the regional differences and trends over time. Methods: LDPs were calculated using a probability additive formula and abridged life tables. Results: In 2014, LDPs for heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, malignancy, respiratory disease, and injury and poisoning were 24.4%, 23.7%, 19.2%, 15.5%, and 5.3%, respectively. The LDPs for heart disease and malignancy increased by 7.3% and 0.5%, respectively, compared to those from 2004 to 2005. In contrast, the LDPs for cerebrovascular and respiratory disease decreased by 1.0% and 3.9%, respectively, compared to those in 2004-2005. Across the eastern, central and western regions, malignancy had the highest LDP in the eastern region, cerebrovascular and heart diseases in the central region, and respiratory diseases, and injury and poisoning in the western region. Conclusions: LDP is an effective indicator for comparing health outcomes and can be applied for future disease surveillance. Heart disease and malignancy were the two most common causes of death in China, but with regional differences. There is a need to implement targeted measures to prevent chronic diseases in different regions.
Changes in Oral Health Indicators due to Implementation of the National Health Insurance Services Coverage for First Molar Dental Sealant for Children and Adolescents in South Korea
Authors: Choi Jin-Sun , Ma Deuk-Sang
Published: June 2020

Background: In South Korea, dental sealant was included in the National Health Insurance Services (NHIS) coverage for the first molar for ages 6–14 in December 2009. The second molar was included in 2012, and the age of insurance coverage was extended to under 18 in 2013. This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of an NHIS dental sealant coverage policy for children and adolescents by comparing the changes in first molar oral health indicators before and after policy implementation.Methods: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data were analyzed; the fourth period (2007–2009) provided data for before and the sixth period (2013–2015) provided data for after policy implementation. The proportion of individuals with first-molar sealant, decay-missing-filled first molar permanent teeth, and single crowns in the group aged 11-20 years were calculated. Data were analyzed using chi-square for complex samples and the complex samples general linear model. In addition, complex-sample logistic regression analysis was performed to confirm the association between factors. Results: Compared with non-beneficiaries, among policy beneficiaries, sealant ownership increased by 7.7% (from 27.8 to 35.5, P<0.001), and the number of permanent teeth with sealant per capita increased by approximately 0.4 to 0.8 (P<0.001). The proportion of individuals with decay-missing-filled permanent teeth decreased by 9.1% (from 68.4 to 59.3, P<0.001), and the average decay-missing-filled permanent teeth index per person decreased by approximately 2.0 to 1.5 (P<0.001). The rate of single-crown holders decreased by 2.7% (from 8.7 to 6.0, P>0.05), and the average single-crown index decreased by approximately 0.11 to 0.08 per person(P>0.05). The number of sealants increased with age and household income (P<0.001). The mother’s education level affected sealant experience (P<0.05). The caries rate was higher in females and older respondents (P <0.001).Conclusions: The sealant covered by NHIS contributed to decreasing dental caries in Korea. However, policies that can reduce oral health inequality should also be considered, and a follow-up study is required for long-term sealant maintenance in Korea.
Cancer risk after total hip replacements. A prospective study of 41,402 patients in the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register linked to the Cancer Registry of Norway
Authors: Dybvik Eva , Furnes Ove , Havelin Leif I. , Fosså Sophie D. , Trovik Clement , Lie Stein Atle
Published: June 2020

Background Concerns have been raised that implants used in total hip replacements (THR) could lead to increased cancer risk. Several different materials, metals and fixation techniques are used in joint prostheses and different types of articulation can cause an increased invasion of particles or ions into the human body. Methods Patients with THR registered in the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register during 1987-2009 were linked to the Cancer registry of Norway. Patients with THR due to osteoarthritis, under the age of 75 at time of surgery, were included. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were applied to compare cancer risk for THR patients to the general population. Types of THR were divided into cemented (both components), uncemented (both components), and hybrid (cemented femoral and uncemented acetabular components). To account for selection mechanisms, time dependent covariates were applied in Cox-regression, adjusting for cancer risk the first 10 years after surgery. The analyses were adjusted for age, gender and if the patient had additional THR-surgery in the same or the opposite hip. The study follows the STROBE guidelines.Results Comparing patients with THR to the general population in Norway we found no differences in cancer risk. The overall SIR for the THR-patients after 10 years follow-up was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.97-1.07). For cemented THR, the SIR after 10 years follow-up was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.94-1.05), for uncemented, 1.16 (95% CI: 1.02-1.30), and for hybrid 1.12 (95% CI: 0.91-1.33). Adjusted Cox analyses showed that patients with uncemented THRs had an elevated risk for cancer (hazard ratio: HR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.05-1.46, p=0.009) when compared to patients with cemented THRs after 10 years follow-up. Stratified by gender the increased risk was only present for men. The risk for patients with hybrid THRs was not significantly increased (HR=1.07, 95% CI: 0.85-1.35, p=0.55) compared to patients with cemented THRs.Conclusions THR patients had no increased risk for cancer compared to the general population. We found, however, that receiving an uncemented THR was associated with a small increased risk for cancer compared to cemented THR in males, but that this may be prone to unmeasured confounding.
Effects of Virtual Reality Associated With Serious Games for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cuesta-Gómez Alicia , Baeza Patricia Sanchez-Herrera , Oña-Simbaña Edwin Daniel , Martínez-Medina Alicia , Ortiz-Comino Carmen , de Quirós Carlos Balaguer-Bernaldo , Jardón-Huete Alberto , Cuerda Roberto Cano-de la
Published: June 2020

Background: Dexterity and activities of daily living limitations on the upper limb (UL) represent one of the most common problems in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the specially developed Serious Games that make use of the Leap Motion Controller (LMC) as main user interface for improving UL grip muscle strength, dexterity, fatigue, quality of life, satisfaction and compliance. Methods: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted. The sample was randomized into two groups: an experimental group who received treatment based on serious games designed by the research team using the developed LMC based Serious Games for the UL plus conventional rehabilitation, and a control group who received the same conventional rehabilitation for the UL. Both groups received two 60 min sessions per week over a ten-week period. Grip muscle strength, coordination, speed of movements, fine and gross UL dexterity, fatigue, quality of life, satisfaction and compliance were assessed in both groups pre-treatment, post-treatment and in a follow-up period of one month without receiving any treatment. Results : In the experimental group compared to the control group, significant improvements were observed in the post-treatment assessment for coordination, speed of movements, fine and gross UL dexterity. Also, significant results were found in the follow-up in coordination, speed of movements, fine and gross for the more affected side. Conclusions: An experimental protocol using an LMC based Serious Games designed for UL rehabilitation showed improvements for unilateral gross manual dexterity, fine manual dexterity, and coordination in MS patients with high satisfaction and excellent compliance.
Combining Global Positioning System (GPS) with Saliva Collection among Sexual Minority Adults: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Chen Tzuan , Smith Nathan Grant , Regan Seann , Obasi Ezemenari M. , Anderson Kathryn Freeman , Reitzel Lorraine R.
Published: June 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to erroneous posting.
Relationship of chest CT score with clinical characteristics of 108 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China
Authors: Zhang Jie , Meng Guangping , Li Wei , Shi Bingqing , Dong Hongna , Su Zhenzhong , Huang Qian , gao peng
Published: June 2020

Background: In December 2019, the outbreak of a disease subsequently termed COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan, China. The number of cases increased rapidly and spread to six continents. However, there is limited information on the chest computed tomography (CT) results of affected patients. Chest CT can assess the severity of COVID-19 and has sufficient sensitivity to assess changes in response to glucocorticoid therapy.Objective: Analyze COVID-19 patients to determine the relationships of clinical characteristics, chest CT score, and levels of inflammatory mediators. Methods: This retrospective, single-center case series of 108 consecutive hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 at Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of HUST (Wuhan, China) examined patients admitted from January 1 to January 28, 2020. Patient demographics, comorbidities, clinical findings, chest CT results, and CT scores of affected lung parenchyma were recorded. The relationships between chest CT score with levels of systemic inflammatory mediators were determined.Results: All patients exhibited signs of significant systemic inflammation, including increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), procalcitonin, chest CT score, and a decreased lymphocyte (LY) count. Chest CT score had positive associations with white blood cell (WBC) count, CRP, ESR, procalcitonin, and abnormal coagulation function, and a negative association with LY count. Treatment with a glucocorticoid increased the LY count, reduced the CT score and CRP level, and improved coagulation function.Conclusions: COVID-19 infection is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response that affects the lungs, blood, digestive system, and circulatory systems. The chest CT score is a good indicator of the extent of systemic inflammation. Glucocorticoid treatment appears to reduce systemic inflammation in these patients.
Global targetome analysis reveals critical role of miR-29a in pancreatic stellate cell mediated regulation of PDAC tumor microenvironment
Authors: Dey Shatovisha , Liu Sheng , Factora Tricia D , Taleb Solaema , Riverahernandez Primavera , Udari Lata , Zhong Xiaoling , Wan Jun , Kota Janaiah
Published: June 2020

BackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive forms of malignancies with a nearly equal incidence and mortality rates in patients. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are critical players in PDAC microenvironment to promote the aggressiveness and pathogenesis of the disease. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play a significant role in progression of PDAC. Earlier, we observed a PSC-specific downregulation of miR-29a in PDAC pancreas, however, the mechanism of action of the molecule in PSCs is still to be elucidated. The current study aims to clarify the regulation of miR-29a in PSCs and identifies functionally important downstream targets that contribute to tumorigenic activities during PDAC progression. MethodsIn this study, using RNAseq approach, we performed transcriptome analysis of paired miR-29a overexpressing hPSC cells and controls. Enrichment analysis was performed with the identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs). miR-29a targets in the dataset were identified, which were utilized to create network interactions. Western blots were performed with the top candidate miR-29a targets in hPSC cells transfected with miR-29a mimic or scramble control. ResultsRNAseq analysis identified 202 differentially expressed genes, which included 19 downregulated direct miR-29a targets. Translational repression of eight key pro-tumorigenic and -fibrotic targets namely IGF-1, COL5A3, CLDN1, E2F7, MYBL2, ITGA6 and ADAMTS2 by miR-29a was observed in PSCs. Using pathway analysis, we find that miR-29a modulates effectors of IGF-1-p53 signaling in PSCs that may hinder carcinogenesis. We further observe a regulatory role of the molecule in pathways associated with PDAC ECM remodeling and tumor-stromal crosstalk, such as INS/IGF-1, RAS/MAPK, laminin interactions and collagen biosynthesis. ConclusionsTogether, our study presents a comprehensive understanding of miR-29a regulation of PSCs, and identifies essential pathways associated with PSC-mediated PDAC pathogenesis. The findings suggest an anti-tumorigenic role of miR-29a in the context of PSC-tumor cell crosstalk and advocates for the potential of the molecule in PDAC targeted therapies.
Short Wave Enhances Mesenchymal Stem Cell Recruitment through Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Signaling in Fracture Healing
Authors: Ye Dongmei , Chen Chen , Wang Qiwen , Zhang Qi , Li Sha , Liu Hongwei
Published: June 2020

Background

As a type of high-frequency electrotherapy, a short wave can promote the fracture healing process; yet, its underlying therapeutic mechanisms still remain unclear.

Purpose

To observe the effect of short wave on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) homing and its mechanisms associated with fracture healing.

Materials and Methods

For in vivo study, the effect of Short-Wave therapy in relation to fracture healing was examined in stabilized femur fractures model of 40 SD rats. Radiography was used to analyze the morphology and micro-architecture of the callus. Additionally, fluorescence assays were used to analyze the GFP-labeled MSC homing after treatment in 20 nude mice with a femoral fracture. For in vitro study, osteoblast from newborn rats simulated fracture site was first irradiated by the Short-Wave; siRNA targeting HIF-1 was used to investigate the role of HIF-1. Osteoblast culture medium was then collected as chemotaxis content of MSC, and the migration of MSC from rats was evaluated using wound healing assay and trans-well chamber test. The expression of HIF-1 and its related factors were quantified by q RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blot.

Results

Our in vivo experiment indicated that Short-Wave therapy could promote MSC migration, increase local and serum HIF-1 and SDF-1 levels, induce changes in callus formation, and improve callus microarchitecture and mechanical properties, thus speeding up the healing process of the fracture site. Moreover, the in vitro results further indicated that Short-Waves therapy upregulated HIF-1 and SDF-1 expression in osteoblast and in the medium, as well as the expression of CXCR-4, β-catenin, F-actin and phosphorylation levels of FAK in MSC. On the other hand, the inhibition of HIF-1α was significantly restrained by the inhibition of HIF-1α in osteoblast, and it partially inhibited the migration of MSC.

Conclusions

These results suggested that short wave could increase HIF-1 in callus, which is one of the crucial mechanisms of chemotaxis MSC homing in fracture healing.