bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal dynamic evolution and influencing factors of land use carbon emissions: evidence from Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Cai Yaxuan , Li Kongqing
Published: May 2024

Land use/cover change has an important impact on global climate change and carbon cycle, and it has become another major source of carbon emission after energy consumption. Therefore, this study focuses on the main line of “land use carbon emissions-spatial and temporal patterns-influencing factors,” and selects 13 cities in Jiangsu Province as the research object. Based on the data of land use and energy consumption, combined with the method of land use carbon emissions and ArcGIS technology, this study conducted a quantitative analysis of the spatio-temporal distribution of carbon emissions in Jiangsu Province. The factors affecting the spatial distribution of carbon emissions from land use in Jiangsu Province were discussed by using Geographic detector. The results show that: 1) Carbon emissions in Jiangsu Province showed an overall growth trend, from 16215.44 ×104tC in 2010–23597.68 ×104tC in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of 4.55%, of which the construction land and watersheds had a greater impact on carbon sources and sinks, respectively. 2) During the period, there were significant differences in carbon emission levels among different cities in Jiangsu Province, and the land use carbon emission in Jiangsu Province showed a stable spatial pattern of “northwest—southeast.” The southern part of Jiangsu is always the hot area of carbon emission, while the cold spot area is mainly distributed in the northern and central parts of Jiangsu. 3) The interaction of factors such as economic development, industrial structure, energy intensity, land use and human activities is an important reason for the spatio-temporal differences of land use carbon emissions in Jiangsu Province. Among them, the level of urbanization, population size and economic aggregate have significant effects on carbon emissions.
Analysis of green deal communication on twitter: environmental and political perspective
Authors: Balcarova Tereza , Pilarova Lucie , Prokop Michal , Jadrna Monika , Kvasnickova Stanislavska Lucie , Pilar Ladislav
Published: May 2024

The Green Deal and its implementation are generating discussions across society. Changes brought about by the agreement could impact sustainable development worldwide; therefore, identifying the most common Green Deal-related topics on a global scale can offer insight into the public mood around implementation of the agreement. Social networks provide the opportunity to find such topics because they contain a large amount of data produced by users worldwide: analysis of their content can therefore provide insight into the discourse on the Green Deal and identify the sentiment in discussions around this topic. In this article, we present perceptions of the Green Deal and identify the main Green Deal-related topics based on analysis of communication on the Twitter social network (currently X social network). Using the search terms “green deal,” “greendeal,” and “#greendeal,” 192,567 tweets from 89,328 unique users were captured between 1 January 2019 and 31 March 2023. We identified the 40 most used unique hashtags that people used when communicating about the Green Deal, which included “#EU,” “#eugreendeal,” and “#climatechange,” and the 16 most relevant topics discussed in relation to the Green Deal, which included both European (“European Green Deal”) and North American (“Green New Deal”) perspectives. Each topic was associated with a certain amount of negative, positive, or neutral sentiment: the most positive sentiment was associated with the “Industrial plan” and “Hydrogen” topics, and the most negative sentiment was associated with topics relating to “Joe Biden” and “Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez.” Overall, our analysis of the discourse regarding the Green Deal offers organizations and decision-makers insight into how people perceive different aspects of the Green Deal and related topics. This may be beneficial in tackling disinformation across social networks and increasing public awareness, which could create a society better equipped to face the global concern of climate change.
The NM_033380.2 transcript of the COL4A5 gene contains a variable splice site c.4822–10T>C, which has been identified as a causative factor for Alport syndrome
Authors: Liang Lei , Wu Haotian , Zhao Jianrong
Published: May 2024

Alport Syndrome (AS) is a genetic kidney disorder characterized by progressive hearing loss and atypical eye symptoms, resulting in a poor prognosis and lack of effective targeted therapy. The primary mode of inheritance is X-linked dominant (XLAS) due to variants in the COL4A5 gene. This study revealed a previously unidentified alternative form of the COL4A5 gene, namely, the c.4822–10T>C variant, which was confirmed through in vitro experiments. To investigate the impact of a splicing variant on COL4A5 mRNA production, an in vitro minigene splicing assay was utilized. Additionally, molecular dynamics was employed to predict the ability of α5(IV) to form a triple helix. Results from the experiment revealed that the wild-type (WT) plasmid produced two distinct mRNA products simultaneously. Sequence analysis using the BLAST database revealed a 173-bp deletion in the mRNA sequence of the first product, indicating a potential similarity to the XM_016942897.2 transcript of Pan troglodytes. The second mRNA product of the WT plasmid contained the full sequence of exons 51, 52, and 53, as anticipated. Conversely, the mutant (MT) plasmid generated a single mRNA product with a 173-bp deletion in exon 52, leading to the identification of the mature mRNA expression as NM_033380.2: COL4A5: c.4822_4994del. In the context of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), the deletion c.4822_4994 results in the production of a truncated protein, p.His1608*, that terminates prematurely. This truncated protein may disrupt the secondary structure of α5(IV) and potentially cause an abnormal conformation of α345(IV). This study examines the relationship between the variable splicing pattern in the NM_033380.2 transcript of the COL4A5 gene in XLAS patients and the presence of the COL4A5 gene splice variant c.4822–10T>C. Our findings indicate that the c.4822–10T>C splice variant leads to activation of nonsense-mediated mRNA degradation (NMD) and reduced COL4A5 mRNA expression, resulting in inadequate synthesis of the corresponding proteins. This aligns with the patient’s immunofluorescence results showing negative α5(IV) chain presence at the glomerular basement membrane, bursa, and tubular basement membrane, confirming the pathogenic nature of c.4822–10T>C.
Evaluating the predictive value of angiogenesis-related genes for prognosis and immunotherapy response in prostate adenocarcinoma using machine learning and experimental approaches
Authors: Wang YaXuan , He JiaXing , Zhao QingYun , Bo Ji , Zhou Yu , Sun HaoDong , Ding BeiChen , Ren MingHua
Published: May 2024

Background

Angiogenesis, the process of forming new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, plays a crucial role in the development and advancement of cancer. Although blocking angiogenesis has shown success in treating different types of solid tumors, its relevance in prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) has not been thoroughly investigated.

Method

This study utilized the WGCNA method to identify angiogenesis-related genes and assessed their diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with PRAD through cluster analysis. A diagnostic model was constructed using multiple machine learning techniques, while a prognostic model was developed employing the LASSO algorithm, underscoring the relevance of angiogenesis-related genes in PRAD. Further analysis identified MAP7D3 as the most significant prognostic gene among angiogenesis-related genes using multivariate Cox regression analysis and various machine learning algorithms. The study also investigated the correlation between MAP7D3 and immune infiltration as well as drug sensitivity in PRAD. Molecular docking analysis was conducted to assess the binding affinity of MAP7D3 to angiogenic drugs. Immunohistochemistry analysis of 60 PRAD tissue samples confirmed the expression and prognostic value of MAP7D3.

Result

Overall, the study identified 10 key angiogenesis-related genes through WGCNA and demonstrated their potential prognostic and immune-related implications in PRAD patients. MAP7D3 is found to be closely associated with the prognosis of PRAD and its response to immunotherapy. Through molecular docking studies, it was revealed that MAP7D3 exhibits a high binding affinity to angiogenic drugs. Furthermore, experimental data confirmed the upregulation of MAP7D3 in PRAD, correlating with a poorer prognosis.

Conclusion

Our study confirmed the important role of angiogenesis-related genes in PRAD and identified a new angiogenesis-related target MAP7D3.
Reconstructing the sound speed profile of South China Sea using remote sensing data and long short-term memory neural networks
Authors: Zhao Yu , Xu Pan , Li Guangming , Ou Zhenyi , Qu Ke
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Sound waves are refracted along the direction of their propagation owing to spatial and temporal fluctuations in the speed of sound in seawater. Errors are compounded when sound speed profiles (SSPs) with low precision are used to detect and locate distant underwater targets because an accurate SSP is critical for the identification of underwater objects based on acoustic data. Only sparse historical spatiotemporal data on the SSP of the South China Sea are available owing to political issues, its complex atmospheric system, and the unique topography of its seabed, because of which frequent oceanic movements at the mesoscale affect the accuracy of inversion of its SSP.

Method

In this study, we propose a method for the inversion of the SSP of the South China Sea based on a long short-term memory model. We use continuous-time data on the SSP of the South China Sea as well as satellite observations of the height and temperature of the sea surface to make use of the long-term and short-term memory-related capacities of the proposed model.

Result

It can achieve highly accurate results while using a small number of samples by virtue of the unique structure of its memory. Compared with the single empirical orthogonal function regression method, the inversion accuracy of this model is improved by 24.5%, and it performed exceptionally well in regions with frequent mesoscale movements.

Discussion

This enables it to effectively address the challenges posed by the sparse sample distribution and the frequent mesoscale movements of the South China Sea.
Disease burden and high-risk populations for complications in patients with acute respiratory infections: a scoping review
Authors: Cui Chendi , Timbrook Tristan T. , Polacek Cate , Heins Zoe , Rosenthal Ning A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) represent a significant public health concern in the U.S. This study aimed to describe the disease burden of ARIs and identify U.S. populations at high risk of developing complications.

Methods

This scoping review searched PubMed and EBSCO databases to analyze U.S. studies from 2013 to 2022, focusing on disease burden, complications, and high-risk populations associated with ARIs.

Results

The study included 60 studies and showed that ARI is associated with a significant disease burden and healthcare resource utilization (HRU). In 2019, respiratory infection and tuberculosis caused 339,703 cases per 100,000 people, with most cases being upper respiratory infections and most deaths being lower respiratory infections. ARI is responsible for millions of outpatient visits, especially for influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia, and indirect costs of billions of dollars. ARI is caused by multiple pathogens and poses a significant burden on hospitalizations and outpatient visits. Risk factors for HRU associated with ARI include age, chronic conditions, and socioeconomic factors.

Conclusion

The review underscores the substantial disease burden of ARIs and the influence of age, chronic conditions, and socioeconomic status on developing complications. It highlights the necessity for targeted strategies for high-risk populations and effective pathogen detection to prevent severe complications and reduce HRU.
Intensive rehabilitation after pelvic and hip fractures: a comparative retrospective study
Authors: Katz Dori , Geftler Alex , Abu-Ajaj Ahmed , Makulin Evgeni , Star Eva , Zikrin Evgeniya , Shacham David , Velikiy Natalia , Freud Tamar , Press Yan
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Pelvic fracture (PF) is common, especially among older patients, and its prevalence increases over time. In contrast to hip fracture (HF), the literature on rehabilitation after PF is scant, mandating a study of the outcomes of rehabilitation in patients with PF. The present study compared patients who underwent intensive rehabilitation following HF or PF.

Methods

A retrospective study of patients 65 years of age and older who underwent intensive rehabilitation in the Geriatrics Department. Data were collected on patients with PF, while data on patients with HF were taken from an earlier study. All patients in both groups suffered from low-energy trauma. Rehabilitation outcomes were measured using the Montebello Rehabilitation Factor Score-revised (MRSF-R).

Results

144 PF patients were compared with 138 HF patients. The mean age of the patients in the HF group was 82.5 ± 7.1 compared to 81.5 ± 6.9 in the PF group (p = 0.230). Females comprised 77.5% of the patients in the HF group and 90.3% in the PF group (p = 0.04). All patients in the HF group underwent surgical repair of their fracture, while all patients in the PF group had non-surgical treatment. More patients in the HF sample had a nursing caregiver prior to the fracture (92.0% vs. 60.4%, p < 0.001), had a higher Charlson Co-morbidity Index total score (2.1 ± 1.9 vs. 1.6 ± 1.7, p = 0.13), developed more delirium (21.7% vs. 8.3%, p = 0.16), more infections (29.0% vs. 11.1%, p < 0.002), and more cardiovascular complications (23.9% vs. 5.6%, p < 0.001) during hospitalization. They had longer hospital stays (20.9 ± 7.5 vs. 18.2 ± 7.7 days, p = 0.0007), and had a higher mortality rate (13.8% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.037) over the first year following the fracture than the PF group. A similar rate of patients in both groups (64.5% vs. 60.4%, p = 0.483) had successful intensive rehabilitation. In the PF group only cognitive state was an independent predictor of successful rehabilitation, with each additional point in the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) increasing the patient’s chance of reaching an MRFS-R score ≥ 50 by 20.5%.

Conclusion

Despite slightly different characteristics in the two groups, the results of intensive rehabilitation were similar. Cognitive state was the only independent factor that affected achievement of a better rehabilitation outcome. With the increasing rate of PF, more studies should focus on rehabilitation in this patient population.
Acupuncture combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of post-stroke depression: a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis based on a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Xiao Keyuan , Li Xiang , Hu Wenqing , Li Xinghua
Published: May 2024

Objective

This study aimed to systematically assess the efficacy of combining acupuncture with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating post-stroke depression (PSD).

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search of eight major domestic and international databases, including the China Knowledge Network, from inception until December 2023. Included were randomized controlled trials that investigated acupuncture combined with rTMS for PSD. The screening process adhered to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and study quality was assessed using Cochrane Handbook 5.1 guidelines. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 software.

Results

Twelve studies involving 800 patients were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis showed that acupuncture combined with rTMS significantly improved the clinical effectiveness rate (RR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.27, p < 0.00001) and reduced scores on several scales: Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) (MD = −3.35, 95% CI: −3.79 to −2.90, p < 0.00001), Self-Depression Scale (SDS) (MD = −9.57, 95% CI: −12.26 to −6.89, p < 0.00001), Chinese Medicine Symptom Score (MD = −3.34, 95% CI: −3.76 to −2.91, p < 0.00001), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale (MD = −3.91, 95% CI: −4.58 to −3.25, p < 0.00001), and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (MD = −2.77, 95% CI: −3.21 to −2.32, p < 0.00001). Furthermore, acupuncture combined with rTMS treatment improved cognitive functioning (MMSE, MoCA scores) (p < 0.00001) and ability to perform activities of daily living scores (MD = 10.40, 95% CI: 9.53 to 11.28, p < 0.00001). Additionally, it was found to reduce interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1β, and increase 5-hydroxytryptamine and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Acupuncture combined with rTMS therapy is recommended for treating PSD, as it effectively improves clinical outcomes, alleviates depressive symptoms, enhances cognitive function, and daily living capabilities, and modulates inflammatory responses and neurotransmitter levels. However, it is important to note that the limitations of the sample size and quality of the included studies warrant the need for more high-quality research to validate these conclusions.

Systematic review registration

INPLASY, Identifier INPLASY202430085.
Temporal bone marrow of the rat and its connections to the inner ear
Authors: Perin Paola , Cossellu Daniele , Vivado Elisa , Batti Laura , Gantar Ivana , Voigt Fabian F. , Pizzala Roberto
Published: May 2024

Calvarial bone marrow has been found to be central in the brain immune response, being connected to the dura through channels which allow leukocyte trafficking. Temporal bone marrow is thought to play important roles in relation to the inner ear, but is still largely uncharacterized, given this bone complex anatomy. We characterized the geometry and connectivity of rat temporal bone marrow using lightsheet imaging of cleared samples and microCT. Bone marrow was identified in cleared tissue by cellular content (and in particular by the presence of megakaryocytes); since air-filled cavities are absent in rodents, marrow clusters could be recognized in microCT scans by their geometry. In cleared petrosal bone, autofluorescence allowed delineation of the otic capsule layers. Within the endochondral layer, bone marrow was observed in association to the cochlear base and vestibule, and to the cochlear apex. Cochlear apex endochondral marrow (CAEM) was a separated cluster from the remaining endochondral marrow, which was therefore defined as “vestibular endochondral marrow” (VEM). A much larger marrow island (petrosal non-endochondral marrow, PNEM) extended outside the otic capsule surrounding semicircular canal arms. PNEM was mainly connected to the dura, through bone channels similar to those of calvarial bone, and only a few channels were directed toward the canal periosteum. On the contrary, endochondral bone marrow was well connected to the labyrinth through vascular loops (directed to the spiral ligament for CAEM and to the bony labyrinth periosteum for VEM), and to dural sinuses. In addition, CAEM was also connected to the tensor tympani fossa of the middle ear and VEM to the endolymphatic sac. Endochondral marrow was made up of small lobules connected to each other and to other structures by channels lined by elongated macrophages, whereas PNEM displayed larger lobules connected by channels with a sparse macrophage population. Our data suggest that the rat inner ear is surrounded by bone marrow at the junctions with middle ear and brain, most likely with “customs” role, restricting pathogen spread; a second marrow network with different structural features is found within the endochondral bone layer of the otic capsule and may play different functional roles.
Simultaneous MEG and EEG source imaging of electrophysiological activity in response to acute transcranial photobiomodulation
Authors: Pruitt Tyrell , Davenport Elizabeth M. , Proskovec Amy L. , Maldjian Joseph A. , Liu Hanli
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that improves human cognition. The effects of tPBM of the right forehead on neurophysiological activity have been previously investigated using EEG in sensor space. However, the spatial resolution of these studies is limited. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is known to facilitate a higher spatial resolution of brain source images. This study aimed to image post-tPBM effects in brain space based on both MEG and EEG measurements across the entire human brain.

Methods

MEG and EEG scans were concurrently acquired for 6 min before and after 8-min of tPBM delivered using a 1,064-nm laser on the right forehead of 25 healthy participants. Group-level changes in both the MEG and EEG power spectral density with respect to the baseline (pre-tPBM) were quantified and averaged within each frequency band in the sensor space. Constrained modeling was used to generate MEG and EEG source images of post-tPBM, followed by cluster-based permutation analysis for family wise error correction (p < 0.05).

Results

The 8-min tPBM enabled significant increases in alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (13–30 Hz) powers across multiple cortical regions, as confirmed by MEG and EEG source images. Moreover, tPBM-enhanced oscillations in the beta band were located not only near the stimulation site but also in remote cerebral regions, including the frontal, parietal, and occipital regions, particularly on the ipsilateral side.

Discussion

MEG and EEG results shown in this study demonstrated that tPBM modulates neurophysiological activity locally and in distant cortical areas. The EEG topographies reported in this study were consistent with previous observations. This study is the first to present MEG and EEG evidence of the electrophysiological effects of tPBM in the brain space, supporting the potential utility of tPBM in treating neurological diseases through the modulation of brain oscillations.
Consumption of fruits and vegetables and its association with sleep duration among Finnish adult population: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Thapa Anupa , Lahti Tuuli , Maukonen Mirkka , Partonen Timo
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Sleep and diet are crucial determinants of overall health and wellbeing, with the potential to mutually influence each other. This study examined the association between sleep duration and fruits and vegetables (FV) consumption among Finnish adults.

Methods

The study analyzed data from the National FinHealth 2017 Study involving 5,043 adults aged 18 years and above. Participants reported their habitual sleep duration, and dietary consumption through a validated self-administered questionnaire. Confounders such as demographic, socio-economic factors, and chronotype were considered. A sensitivity analysis, which excluded energy under-reporters, was conducted to validate the findings.

Results

Mean dietary consumption was compared across three sleep duration categories (short, normal, long), revealing that short sleepers consumed 37 g/d fewer FV, and long sleepers consumed 73 g/d fewer FV than normal sleepers. Binary logistic regression analyses consistently demonstrated significant negative association between FV consumption and both short and long sleep duration across all models, even when adjusted for a range of covariates. Linear regression analyses revealed a positive but non-significant association between sleep duration and FV consumption that became significant when excluding energy under-reporters, particularly in model 1.

Discussion

This study suggests a consistent pattern where deviation from normal sleep duration was associated with decreased FV consumption, suggesting the need for considering sleep patterns in dietary intervention. The substantial role of accurate energy reporting in explaining these associations is highlighted. Further research, including longitudinal studies, is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying these associations.
PRT-Net: a progressive refinement transformer for dose prediction to guide ovarian transposition
Authors: Luan Shunyao , Ding Yi , Wei Changchao , Huang Yi , Yuan Zilong , Quan Hong , Ma Chi , Zhu Benpeng , Xue Xudong , Wei Wei , Wang Xiao
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Young cervical cancer patients who require ovarian transposition usually have their ovaries moved away from the pelvic radiotherapy (RT) field before radiotherapy. The dose of ovaries during radiotherapy is closely related to the location of the ovaries. To protect ovarian function and avoid ovarian dose exceeding the limits, a safe location of transposed ovary must be determined prior to surgery.

Methods

For this purpose, we input the patient's preoperative CT into a neural network model to predict the dose distribution. Surgeons were able to quickly locate low-dose regions based on the dose distribution before surgery, thus determining the safe location of the transposed ovary. In this work, we proposed a new progressive refinement transformer model PRT-Net that can generate dose prediction at multiple scale resolutions in one forward propagation, and refine the dose prediction using prediction details from low to high resolution based on a deep supervision strategy. A multi-loss function fusion algorithm was also built to fit the prediction results under different loss dimensions. The clinical feasibility of the method was verified through an actual cases.

Results and discussion

Therefore, using PRT-Net to predict the dose distribution by preoperative CT in cervical cancer patients can assist clinicians to perform ovarian transposition surgery and prevent patients' ovaries from exceeding the prescribed dose limit in postoperative radiotherapy.
Long-term clinical outcomes of [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Iqbal Sabah , Zhuang Eric , Raj Moses , Bahary Nathan , Monga Dulabh K.
Published: May 2024

The incidence of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors has been rising and these tumors are usually only diagnosed at a metastatic stage. Present first line treatments include somatostatin analogs, targeted therapies and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. The Lutetium-177 [177Lu] based radiotracer [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE has only been approved as first-line treatment of metastatic midgut NETs however its efficacy as a third line or above treatment in patients with non ileal primaries has not been tested. In our study, we identified 25 patients with histologically confirmed well-differentiated metastatic neuroendocrine tumors and administered [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE as a second line, third line and fourth line treatment. Our study demonstrated a notable response in patients with non-ileal primaries and heavily pretreated disease, warranting further studies for additional cycles of treatment.
Challenges in the management of operable triple-negative breast cancer in a survivor of the B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report
Authors: Pavlin Tina , Blatnik Ana , Šeruga Boštjan
Published: May 2024

Background

Operable triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an unfavorable subtype of breast cancer, which usually requires an aggressive perioperative systemic treatment. When TNBC presents as a second primary cancer after cured acute leukemia, its management might be challenging.

Case presentation

We present a case report of a young postmenopausal woman with an operable TNBC who had a history of the B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and graft versus host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). A history of previous treatment with anthracyclines and radiotherapy and GVHD limited the use of doxorubicin for treatment of her TNBC. Due to the history of GVHD, perioperative treatment with pembrolizumab was omitted. Genetic testing was challenging due to the possible contamination of her tissues with the donor’s cells after allo-SCT. In samples of our patient’s buccal swab, peripheral blood, and tumor tissue, a pathogenic variant in the partner and localizer of BRCA2 (PALB2) gene was found. With neoadjuvant chemotherapy which included carboplatin, a pathologic complete response was achieved. Although our patient has a low risk for recurrence of TNBC, her risk for the development of new primary cancers remains substantial.

Conclusion

This case highlights challenges in the systemic treatment, genetic testing, and follow-up of patients with operable TNBC and other solid cancers who have a history of acute leukemia.
High-intensity interval training in patients with glaucoma (HIT-GLAUCOMA): protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled exercise trial
Authors: Van Eijgen Jan , Schuhmann Valentin , Fingerroos Emma-Liina , Renier Marie , Burchert Holger , Kröpfl Julia Maria , Van Craenenbroeck Amaryllis , Cornelissen Véronique , Gugleta Konstantin , Stalmans Ingeborg , Hanssen Henner
Published: May 2024

Background

Glaucoma stands as a prominent global cause of irreversible blindness and the primary treatment approach involves reducing intraocular pressure (IOP). However, around one-third of patients exhibit disease progression despite effective IOP reduction. Microvascular endothelial function, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress are known to affect retinal neuronal networks and have been associated with disease severity and progression. Exercise training has the potential to counteract these mechanisms as add-on treatment to usual care.

Aims

The HIT-GLAUCOMA study will investigate the effects of a 6-month high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on intermediate endpoints such as local retinal microvascular and systemic large artery function, inflammation, and oxidative stress as well as clinical endpoints such as visual field indices, optic nerve rim assessment, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, IOP, number of eye drops, vision-related quality of life and ocular surface disease symptomatology.

Methods

The study is a multi-center randomized controlled clinical trial in patients with both normal tension and high-tension primary open angle glaucoma. Across two study centers, 128 patients will be enrolled and randomized on a 1:1 basis into an exercise intervention group and a usual care control group. The primary microvascular endpoints are retinal arteriolar and venular flicker light-induced dilation at 6 months. The primary endpoint in the systemic circulation is brachial artery flow-mediated dilation at 6 months.

Anticipated results

We hypothesize that exercise therapy will improve retinal microvascular function and thus ocular blood flow in patients with glaucoma. As clinical outcomes, we will investigate the effect of exercise on visual field indices, optic nerve rim assessment, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, IOP, number of eye drops, vision-related quality of life and ocular surface disease symptomatology.

Discussion

HIT-GLAUCOMA is a blueprint trial design to study the effect of exercise training on neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Importantly, patients are also expected to benefit from improvements in general health and cardiovascular co-morbidities. If proven effective, exercise may offer a new add-on treatment strategy to slow glaucoma progression.

Clinical Trial Registration Number

The trial is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov under the identifier NCT06058598 and is currently in the recruitment stage.
Origin and flow-mediated remodeling of the murine and human extraembryonic circulation systems
Authors: Van Schoor Kristof , Bruet Emmanuel , Jones Elizabeth Anne Vincent , Migeotte Isabelle
Published: May 2024

The transduction of mechanical stimuli produced by blood flow is an important regulator of vascular development. The vitelline and umbilico-placental circulations are extraembryonic vascular systems that are required for proper embryonic development in mammalian embryos. The morphogenesis of the extraembryonic vasculature and the cardiovascular system of the embryo are hemodynamically and molecularly connected. Here we provide an overview of the establishment of the murine and human vitelline and umbilico-placental vascular systems and how blood flow influences various steps in their development. A deeper comprehension of extraembryonic vessel development may aid the establishment of stem-cell based embryo models and provide novel insights to understanding pregnancy complications related to the umbilical cord and placenta.
Biochar addition can negatively affect plant community performance when altering soil properties in saline-alkali wetlands
Authors: Wang Ziyi , He Mengxuan , Lu Xueqiang , Meng Zirui , Liu Jie , Mo Xunqiang
Published: May 2024

Biochar is a widely proposed solution for improving degraded soil in coastal wetland ecosystems. However, the impacts of biochar addition on the soil and plant communities in the wetland remains largely unknown. In this study, we conducted a greenhouse experiment using soil seed bank from a coastal saline-alkaline wetland. Three types of biochar, including Juglans regia biochar (JBC), Spartina alterniflora biochar (SBC) and Flaveria bidentis biochar (FBC), were added to the saline-alkaline soil at ratios of 1%, 3% and 5% (w/w). Our findings revealed that biochar addition significantly increased soil pH, and increased available potassium (AK) by 3.74% - 170.91%, while reduced soil salinity (expect for 3% SBC and 5%SBC) by 28.08% - 46.93%. Among the different biochar types, the application of 5% FBC was found to be the most effective in increasing nutrients and reducing salinity. Furthermore, biochar addition generally resulted in a decrease of 7.27% - 90.94% in species abundance, 17.26% - 61.21% in community height, 12.28% - 56.42% in stem diameter, 55.34% - 90.11% in total biomass and 29.22% - 78.55% in root tissue density (RTD). In particular, such negative effects was the worst in the SBC samples. However, 3% and 5% SBC increased specific root length (SRL) by 177.89% and 265.65%, and specific root surface area (SRSA) by 477.02% and 286.57%, respectively. The findings suggested that the plant community performance was primarily affected by soil pH, salinity and nutrients levels. Furthermore, biochar addition also influenced species diversity and functional diversity, ultimately affecting ecosystem stability. Therefore, it is important to consider the negative findings indirectly indicate the ecological risks associated with biochar addition in coastal salt-alkaline soils. Furthermore, Spartina alterniflora was needed to desalt before carbonization to prevent soil salinization when using S. alterniflora biochar, as it is a halophyte.
A combined intervention strategy to increase linkage to and retention in substance use treatment for individuals accessing hospital-based services: study protocol
Authors: Crisanti A. S. , Page K. , Saavedra J. L. , Kincaid T. , Caswell C. M. , Waldorf V. A.
Published: May 2024

Background

In 2020, New Mexico had the highest alcohol related death and the 11th highest drug overdose rate in the U.S. Towards the long-term goal of addressing this public health problem, we are implementing and evaluating an multi-level intervention designed to identify adults at risk of substance use disorder (SUD) and encourage linkage to and retention in treatment. The first level includes equipping the ED and medical inpatient units of a safety-net hospital with a method to screen individuals at risk of a SUD. The second level includes Seeking Safety (SS), a trauma-specific treatment for PTSD and SUD; and pharmacotherapy for SUD. Motivational Interviewing (MI) is used throughout both levels. Using the SPIRIT guidelines and checklist, this study protocol describes the multi-level intervention and the methodology we are using to assess feasibility and effectiveness.

Methods

We are using a Type 1 hybrid implementation design with a non-randomized approach (ISRCTN registration # ISRCTN33100750). We aim to enroll 110 adults (≧18) who screen positive for unhealthy use of alcohol, prescription medications (used nonmedically) and/or illicit drugs. Peer support workers are responsible for screening, using MI to increase engagement in screening and treatment and delivery of SS. Pharmacotherapy is provided by addiction clinical specialists. Treatment is provided post hospital discharge via telehealth to increase access to care. Participants are identified through (1) review of electronic health records for individuals with a chief or secondary complaint or mental health condition relating to alcohol and/or other drug use, (2) referrals from clinical staff and (3) screening in the ED and medical inpatient units. Feasibility is being measured through process data. Effectiveness will be determined by changes in two primary outcomes: (i) PTSD symptom severity; and (ii) substance use.

Discussion

Our study will expand on research related to the implementation of treatment strategies for patients presenting at EDs and admitted to medical inpatients units wherein there is a significant window of opportunity to link patients with follow-up behavioral and clinical services for alcohol and/or drug misuse. The challenges associated with implementation and strategies that have been helpful to address these challenges will further inform the field.
On proposing relational environmental metaphors to stimulate engagement and foster well-being in the midst of climate change
Authors: Bellehumeur Christian R. , Carignan Laure-Marie
Published: May 2024

Messages regarding climate change that are intended to stimulate responsible engagement can impact our mental health in both positive and negative ways, which in turn can increase or limit the potential engagement being sought through those very messages. Increasingly alarmist environmental metaphors are being brought into question due to their possibly detrimental impact on mental health and well-being, and in their place, relational environmental metaphors are proffered to instill hopeful and constructive individual and collective engagement for responsible climate action. This article discusses how both alarmist and relational environmental metaphors interact with eco-emotions. It proposes, in light of concepts arising from Porges’ Polyvagal Theory − on the psychophysiology of autonomic states created in contexts of threatening cues and feelings of safety and connection −, that relational environmental metaphors are preferable for stimulating responsible collective engagement and fostering global well-being in the midst of climate change.
Exome functional risk score and brain connectivity can predict social adaptability outcome of children with autism spectrum disorder in 4 years’ follow up
Authors: Luo Tingting , Zhang Manxue , Li Sixun , Situ Mingjing , Liu Pei , Wang Meiwen , Tao Yujie , Zhao Shengnan , Wang Zhuo , Yang Yanping , Huang Yi
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder emerging in early childhood, with heterogeneous clinical outcomes across individuals. This study aims to recognize neuroimaging genetic factors associated with outcomes of ASD after a 4-year follow-up.

Methods

A total of 104 ASD children were included in this study; they underwent clinical assessments, MRI data acquisition, and the whole exome sequencing (WES). Exome functional risk score (EFRS) was calculated based on WES; and two modalities of brain connectivity were constructed based on MRI data, that is functional connectivity (FC) for functional MRI (fMRI), and individual differential structural covariance network (IDSCN) for structural MRI (sMRI), to explore the neuroimaging genetic biomarker of outcomes of ASD children.

Results

Regression analysis found EFRS predicts social adaptability at the 4-year follow-up (Y = -0.013X + 9.29, p = 0.003). We identified 19 pairs of FC associated with autism symptoms severity at follow-up, 10 pairs of FC and 4 pairs of IDSCN associated with social adaptability at follow-up, and 10 pairs of FC associated with ASD EFRS by support vector regression (SVR). Related brain regions with prognostic predictive effects are mainly distributed in superior frontal gyrus, occipital cortex, temporal cortex, parietal cortex, paracentral lobule, pallidum, and amygdala for FC, and temporal cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus for IDSCN. Mediation model showed that ASD EFRS affects the social communication of ASD children through the mediation of FC between left middle occipital gyrus and left pallidum (RMSEA=0.126, CMIN=80.66, DF=42, p< 0.001, CFI=0.867, AIC=152).

Discussion

Our findings underscore that both EFRS and brain connectivity can predict social adaptability, and that brain connectivity serving as mediator in the relationship of EFRS and behaviors of ASD, suggesting the intervention targets in the future clinical application.
The role of arts therapies in mitigating Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Luo Xuexing , Zhang Aijia , Li Hong , Li Yu , Ying Fangtian , Wang Xiaoli , Yang Qianxu , Zhang Zheyu , Huang Guanghui
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Arts therapies offer effective non-pharmacological intervention for Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders (SIMDs), encompassing both passive and active modalities. This review assesses their effectiveness and ethical considerations, focusing on music therapy, meditation, and Tai Chi.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, a detailed search across PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI identified 17 relevant RCTs. Utilizing the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality criteria and the PICO(S) framework for data extraction ensured methodological integrity.

Results

Analysis shows arts therapies significantly improve sleep quality. Music therapy and meditation yield immediate benefits, while Tai Chi and Qigong require longer commitment for significant outcomes.

Discussion

The link between SIMDs and mental health issues like anxiety, stress, and depression suggests arts therapies not only enhance sleep quality but also address underlying mental health conditions. The evidence supports a wider adoption of arts therapies in treating SIMDs due to their dual benefits.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO, ID: CRD42024506393.
Efficacy of clozapine versus standard treatment in adult individuals with intellectual disability and treatment-resistant psychosis (CLOZAID): study protocol of a multicenter randomized clinical trial
Authors: Alemany-Navarro María , Sánchez-Barbero Bianca , Reguera-Pozuelo Pablo , Altea-Manzano Laura , Gómez-Garrido Ana , Rocha-González Idalino , Garrido-Torres Nathalia , Ruiz-Veguilla Miguel , García-Cerro Susana , Rosso-Fernández Clara M. , Villagrán-Moreno José María , Sarramea Fernando , Cervilla-Ballesteros Jorge , Martínez-Leal Rafael , Mayoral-Cleries Fermín ,   CLOZ-AID Group, Crespo-Facorro Benedicto
Published: May 2024

Background

Intellectual disability (ID) affects approximately 1% of the worldwide population and individuals with ID have a higher comorbidity with mental illness, and specifically psychotic disorders. Unfortunately, among individuals with ID, limited research has been conducted since ID individuals are usually excluded from mental illness epidemiological studies and clinical trials. Here we perform a clinical trial to investigate the effectiveness of clozapine in the treatment of resistant psychosis in individuals with ID. The article highlights the complexity of diagnosing and treating psychopathological alterations associated with ID and advocates for more rigorous research in this field.

Methods

A Phase IIB, open-label, randomized, multicenter clinical trial (NCT04529226) is currently ongoing to assess the efficacy of oral clozapine in individuals diagnosed with ID and suffering from treatment-resistant psychosis. We aim to recruit one-hundred and fourteen individuals (N=114) with ID and resistant psychosis, who will be randomized to TAU (treatment as usual) and treatment-with-clozapine conditions. As secondary outcomes, changes in other clinical scales (PANSS and SANS) and the improvement in functionality, assessed through changes in the Euro-QoL-5D-5L were assessed. The main outcome variables will be analyzed using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM), assessing the effects of status variable (TAU vs. Clozapine), time, and the interaction between them.

Discussion

The treatment of resistant psychosis among ID individuals must be directed by empirically supported research. CLOZAID clinical trial may provide relevant information about clinical guidelines to optimally treat adults with ID and treatment-resistant psychosis and the benefits and risks of an early use of clozapine in this underrepresented population in clinical trials.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04529226. EudraCT: 2020-000091-37.
The role of grid management in community risk governance: a case study in Yuelu, China
Authors: Gao Shan , Liu Wenhui
Published: May 2024

Objective

In this study, we aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of the risk prevention and control mechanism within the grid management model for community risk prevention. We emphasize the importance of thoroughly examining the risk prevention and control mechanism to enhance risk management efforts in urban communities, particularly in response to unforeseen outbreaks such as COVID-19.

Methods

Case studies are widely acknowledged as one of the most effective approaches to examine governance in China. In this study, the “Yuelu Model” serves as an illustrative example to demonstrate the application and effectiveness of grid management in community risk governance. To ensure the validity of the case study, it is imperative to adhere to the principle of representativeness. The collection of case data involves a combination of primary and secondary sources, and supplementary information is obtained through follow-up investigations conducted via WeChat, telephone, and other means, thereby enhancing the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the data.

Results

Our analysis reveals significant findings regarding the impact of the grid management model, fulfilling a triple role as a “Social Safety Valve” in the management process: (1) Community stress reduction function, (2) Community alarm function, and (3) Community integration function. Furthermore, we explore the adaptability of the grid management mechanism in addressing community risks, highlighting its effectiveness and potential for broader application.

Discussion

The findings of this study suggest that: Firstly, it is crucial to establish a shared information repository among different departments on a big data platform. Secondly, a dynamic government public information internal network should be established through collaborative efforts among multiple departments. Thirdly, implementing a regular (or periodic) early warning mechanism is essential. Lastly, the establishment of a high-quality talent team for power grid management is highly recommended. Our research provides valuable insights to enhance community risk governance.