bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A combination model for displacement prediction of high arch dams stacking five kinds of temperature factors
Authors: Chai Bingao , Wang Shaowei
Published: July 2024

The statically indeterminate characteristics of arch dams highlight the temperature deformation effect, making accurate modelling of this effect a key issue in improving the performance of displacement monitoring models. In this paper, causal interpretation ability and prediction accuracy of five kinds of temperature deformation modelling factors, including seasonal harmonic function, segmented average previous air temperature, air temperature hysteresis correction factor, principal components and shape feature clustering-based principal components of measured dam temperatures, are compared. On this basis, a combination prediction model is established using the above five causal models as submodels. The combination process is conducted by three methods of dynamic mutual information coefficient, random forest and support vector machine. Research results of the Jinping-I arch dam show that the shape feature clustering-based temperature principal components can significantly improve the accuracy and adaptability of displacement monitoring models, in which the root mean square error decreases with an average rate of 52%. The combination prediction model can effectively take the advantages of different kinds of temperature deformation modelling factors into account. Compared with the hydraulic-seasonal-time model and the best submodel, prediction accuracy of the support vector machine-based combination model is improved with an average rate of 54% and 28%, respectively.
Auxiliary variable-based output feedback control for hydraulic servo systems with desired compensation approach
Authors: Weiping Wang , Xinyi Zhou , Shun Lu
Published: July 2024

An auxiliary variable-based output feedback method is constructed in this paper. To obtain the state estimates, an auxiliary variable-based state observer is presented. Instead of calculating the estimates indirectly via the estimation dynamic, the distinguishing characteristic of the proposed observer lies in its ability to directly derive estimates by simply applying a low-pass filter to the observer. Therefore, the proposed observer is similar as a filter, which is more intuitive and concise in terms of structure and parameter tuning. Then, a backstepping-free controller is constructed based on the estimation results, and only one step is required. To facilitate the design procedure, the desired compensation approach is applied both in the observer and the controller. Utilizing the Lyapunov method, the system stability is assured, demonstrating that the presented controller excels in precise tracking tasks despite the presence of time-varying uncertainties. The feasibility of this approach is further corroborated through comparative results.
Communicative function in child directed speech: A cross-cultural analysis
Authors: Zhao Chen , Serratrice Ludovica , Lieven Elena , Steele Circle , Malik Nivedita , An Yi , Hayden Emily , Neumegen Jo , Cameron-Faulkner Thea
Published: July 2024

Language development can be framed as the process of learning how to mean (Halliday, 1975). From this perspective, the role of communicative function is central to the language-learning process with development being guided by interaction with experienced others. In the current study, we present a detailed analysis of the communicative functions used in interaction with prelinguistic infants aged 10–12 months from three cultural groups living in the United Kingdom. The findings indicate that caregivers from all three groups used a wide range of communicative acts when interacting with their infants, ranging from directives to discussions of inner thoughts and feelings. In addition, we identified significant differences in the frequency with which different communicative acts were used across our three groups. The study complements the positive contributions made by pivotal studies on language socialisation by highlighting the diversity and variation of caregiver speech at the functional level.
CLEM: A cross-language emotional metanorm in children
Authors: Belmon Johanne , Noyer-Martin Magali , Jhean-Larose Sandra
Published: July 2024

The relationship between emotion and language in children is an emerging field of research. To carry out this type of study, researchers need to precisely manipulate the emotional parameters of the words in their experimental material. However, the number of affective norms for words in this population is still limited. To fill this gap, the present report presents a set of 7 norms that measure the emotional parameters (valence, arousal) of words rated by children in French, English, German, Spanish, and Chinese. The high correlations between the valence values and the moderate correlations between arousal values of these norms allow us to determine a cross-language homogeneity of emotional representations in children. Thus, this report introduces a significant metanorm with 508 words characterized by valence and by arousal. This tool is a worthwhile resource for researchers interested in the links between emotion and language, as well as for those interested in cross-language comparisons. The complete database can be downloaded at the following address: https://osf.io/stnbk/
The Self Choice Effect When Choosing for Others
Authors: Astle Mayson C. , Schmeichel Brandon J.
Published: July 2024

People tend to remember information from which they chose better than information assigned to them—a pattern known as the self-choice effect. The present studies tested the hypothesis that choosing for another person also improves memory. Studies 1a and 1b found that choosing for self and choosing for others both enhance memory compared with having no choice. Study 2 found that choosing for others boosts memory regardless of the closeness of the other. Study 3 found no memory benefit of making easy or difficult choices for others, contrary to predictions. And in Study 4 choosing for others enhanced memory only for chosen items. A mini meta-analysis combining all studies supported the conclusion that choosing for others enhances memory on a par with choosing for oneself. These results suggest that the effects of choice on memory signify something other than self-reference, which we presume to be substantially reduced when choosing for others.
Blame the System, not the Victim: Understanding the Lack of Advocacy for Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls
Authors: Lopez Julisa J. , Yellowtail Jamie L. , Pinedo Andres , Smith Tanya M. , Chamberlin Kristina G. , Fryberg Stephanie A. , Eason Arianne E.
Published: July 2024

More than 5,000 Native American and Alaska Native women and girls go missing annually in the United States, and murder is the third leading cause of death for those aged 10 to 24. The current studies assess why, despite such statistics, individuals who are not Native American fail to advocate for Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG). The Pilot Study ( N = 205) and Study 1 ( N = 3,992) revealed that greater cognitive invisibility of contemporary Native Peoples (i.e., the absence of cognitive representations) was related to greater minimization of Native Peoples’ experiences with racism. Racism minimization was associated with greater blaming of MMIWG victims and less blaming of societal contributors to the epidemic. These factors predicted greater apathy toward MMIWG and less MMIWG advocacy. The results suggest that the cognitive invisibility of Native Peoples affords attitudes and beliefs that allow non-Native individuals to deny, justify, and distance themselves from the MMIWG epidemic.
Redacted Disclosure and Audit Fees
Authors: Fei Xingyuan , Sun Estelle Yuan , Xu Hongkang , Zhang Jiarui (Iris)
Published: July 2024

We examine whether and how redacted disclosure in material contracts is related to the cost of an audit. Prior studies document that redaction of mandatory disclosure affects firms’ operating performance, voluntary disclosure decisions, and various market outcomes due to increased information asymmetry. Auditors do not face this information constraint and can access redacted information with little effort, and thus should not be affected by the redacted disclosure. Our findings show that while redacted disclosure has limited impact on audit effort, auditors do charge higher fees for redacting firms as they perceive redacted disclosure as an indicator of potential business and litigation risk. We also find that the positive relation between redacted disclosure and audit fees is mitigated for firms with a more transparent information environment (i.e., larger firms, firms providing more voluntary disclosure, firms with large customers, and firms with higher institutional ownership). Overall, our results suggest that auditors become more cautious in response to clients’ nondisclosure choices from public filings.
Investigating the health and wellbeing of music students: Perspectives from schools of music in Switzerland and the UK
Authors: Rose Dawn , Burland Karen , Blackstone Kate , Alessandri Elena
Published: July 2024

It is a strange paradox that whilst music is increasingly considered an important part of health and wellbeing, musicians themselves endure physical and psychological challenges within a competitive industry. We compared music student wellbeing in two higher education schools of music; one in the UK, the other in Switzerland, to explore cultural similarities and differences. The study was completed in German (78%) and English (22%) via an online survey and hard copy using a range of psychometric measures. When using the WHO QoL BREF, we found both schools scored lower than norms for physical and psychological health ( p < .001), but higher than norms for social relations ( p < .01) and the Swiss school also for the environment ( p < .001). Self-efficacy predicted physical health (12.3%) whilst psychological health was predicted by self-efficacy and fixed mindset (23.1%). 95% of participants stated that their institution was at least 20% responsible for the wellbeing. This study suggested more similarities than differences between schools of music in different countries in terms of student wellbeing. Whilst physical and psychological health remain risk areas for musicians, the environment and social culture of the school plays an important supportive role in wellbeing and should be considered when preparing music students for professional life.
‘We hear with our eyes!’ Unlocking tacit knowledge about multisensory music performing
Authors: Mitchell Helen F , Blom Diana , Long Peter
Published: July 2024

Music performance is now recognised as a multisensory experience where both sound and sight contribute to its transmission and reception. The challenge for music education is to disseminate recent performance science research findings in this area into the curriculum using engaging and meaningful strategies. Practice without access to key research does not adequately prepare future music professionals as critical thinkers about, and evaluators of, music performance production and reception by themselves and by others. This study reports on a multisensory experiential learning workshop which aimed to equip university music students with knowledge and skills to capitalise on their inherent perceptual capacities. In doing so, students’ responses demonstrated an understanding of how to unlock tacit knowledge about performing and appropriate music perception skillsets which can be drawn into their own performing.
Exploring music performance anxiety among fine arts high school music department students in Turkey
Authors: Gül Gülnihal , Çakan Uzunkavak Melike , Engür Doruk
Published: July 2024

Performance anxiety is a significant factor that hinders musicians from showcasing their potential. Students receiving professional music education may experience negative effects in both their education and professional lives due to this anxiety. It is important to identify the factors that contribute to performance anxiety in order to overcome it. With this perspective, the research measured the anxiety levels of music students in Fine Arts High Schools using the Music Performance Anxiety Inventory and examined the scores in terms of major instrument, gender, GPA, stage experience, and age. This study was conducted with 337 students from 11 fine arts high schools in Turkey. It was observed that anxiety varies depending on the instrument, with higher anxiety found particularly among bowed string instrument players. Female students were found to have higher levels of anxiety. Students with more stage experience had lower levels of anxiety. However, age did not have a significant effect.
High-pressure in music education: Understanding the phenomenon and empowering students
Authors: Komarenko Oksana , Ramirez Gerardo , Speirs Neumeister Kristie
Published: July 2024

Music education students frequently encounter high-pressure situations that significantly impact their performance and development. These scenarios, which range from public recitals to evaluative sessions, present both challenges and opportunities for growth. This paper examines the nature of these high-pressure environments and explores their effects on music students. We offer practical strategies and evidence-based techniques specifically designed for music educators. Our objective is to provide a comprehensive resource that equips educators with effective tools to support their students in excelling under pressure.
Authenticity of academic lecture passages in high-stakes tests: A temporal fluency perspective
Authors: Nishizawa Hitoshi
Published: July 2024

Corpus-based studies have offered the domain definition inference for test developers. Yet, corpus-based studies on temporal fluency measures (e.g., speech rate) have been limited, especially in the context of academic lecture settings. This made it difficult for test developers to sample representative fluency features to create authentic listening passages. To address this issue, the Fluency Corpus of Academic English Lectures (FCAEL) was created to offer insight into the thresholds for temporal fluency features in academic lecture settings. The current study compared the corpus data to the academic lecture passages in the Test of English as a Foreign Language Internet-based test (TOEFL iBT) and International English Language Testing System (IELTS) to examine the domain definition inference of these tests. In total, 14 temporal fluency measures were examined. A bootstrapped one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), followed by a series of bootstrapped analyses of variances (ANOVAs), independent t-test, and Tukey tests showed some support for the tests, although many limitations were also found. The study suggests the 25th–75th percentile of FCAEL as tentative thresholds for each temporal fluency feature. The proposal may be useful for test developers to create and revise test materials. Coding schemes, analysis codes, and raw corpus data are available on the project’s Open Science Framework page, exemplifying how Open Science can provide benefits beyond the academic community.
Cyberbullying and cyberstalking victimisation among university students: A narrative systematic review
Authors: Bussu Anna , Pulina Manuela , Ashton Sally-Ann , Mangiarulo Marta , Molloy Ellie
Published: July 2024

With the increasing use of information and communication technology, university students are more vulnerable to cyberbullying and cyberstalking than ever before. While prior research has mostly addressed these adverse behaviours separately, the convergence of these phenomena in the education and lives of university students suggests the need to explore them within a more holistic framework. This study presents a narrative systematic review (NSR) that focuses on university students (undergraduate and postgraduate) as victims. Out of 7,518 papers screened, only 61 were eligible for the review, resulting in a comprehensive and critical overview of the risks and protective factors associated with cyberbullying and cyberstalking among university students. The analysis of the review metadata sheds light on the factors that contribute to victims’ adverse experiences and explores best practices and intervention strategies for supporting them. The analysis revealed more research on cyberbullying rather than cyberstalking among university students. Certain risk factors have emerged as particularly relevant, such as underestimation of cyberbehaviour and risky behaviour among victims, along with considerations of gender, age, mental health, personality, and previous face-to-face victimisations. The most significant consequences include negative emotions and psychological vulnerabilities. Self-conscious behaviour and seeking support from family and friends are considered as the most common protective factors. There is a need for academic institutions to engage actively in preventing cyberbullying and cyberstalking through evidence-based programmes. Overall, there is a gap in our understanding of the effectiveness of policies and programmes at the university level.
Casting light on the unseen victims: A comprehensive review of the ramifications of wrongful convictions and exonerations on families
Authors: Sorochinski Marina
Published: July 2024

Wrongful convictions, while recognized for their direct consequences on the convicted individuals, also inflict significant harm on their families. Through a systematic literature review, this article examines the psychological and emotional consequences for families, the social and financial burdens they endure, coping mechanisms, and the impact on specific family members, including children and spouses. It reveals a distressing landscape of shared trauma, strained relationships, and stigmatization, exacerbated by financial hardship and systemic failures in the judicial process. The article underscores the critical gaps in the literature, particularly the lack of focus on the parents of the wrongfully convicted and the need for comprehensive reforms to address the wide-reaching effects of wrongful convictions. It calls for future research to explore the long-term psychological impacts, the role of socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and family dynamics, aiming to inform policies and interventions that can mitigate these consequences.
Transformative Marketing Education: Drivers, Outcomes, and Research Agenda
Authors: Kumar V. , Rajan Bharath , Garg Vivek
Published: July 2024

The perseverance and agility to be transformative marketing educators have been identified to be critical for the future of marketing education. In developing this observation further, this study conceptualizes the transformative marketing education (TME) concept and defines it. Furthermore, adopting a management educational institution perspective, this study proposes a framework for the implementation of TME. The proposed framework identifies the drivers of TME to be the marketing education triad, comprised of the management education institution, the marketing learners, and the external environment. The study identifies the outcomes of implementing TME as fourfold: (a) an interdisciplinary activity, (b) a value-creating activity, (c) an insights-centric activity, and (d) a “brain retrain” activity. The study also offers some variables that could moderate the outcomes of implementing TME. For the drivers and outcomes, this study offers propositions that can be tested. In addition, potential strategic implications of the TME outcomes are identified as (a) personalizing marketing education, (b) enhancing student engagement, and (c) establishing closer stakeholder connections. The study concludes by identifying a research agenda for TME.
Effectiveness of Comprehensive Health-literacy And Relaxing Music (CHARM) intervention on pregnancy-related anxiety among low-risk primigravid women: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Konsam Meena , Praharaj Samir Kumar , Shetty Jyothi , Panda Sunita , Lakshmi R Vani , Kamath Asha , D’Souza Sonia RB
Published: July 2024

Pregnancy-related anxiety commonly occurs among first-time pregnant women, carrying an increased risk of harmful effects to both mother and the growing fetus or newborns. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a Comprehensive Health-literacy And Relaxing Music (CHARM) intervention compared with two other stand-alone interventions (relaxing music–only intervention, comprehensive health literacy–only intervention) and a standard care group on pregnancy-related anxiety. We conducted an open-label, parallel four-arms, randomized controlled trial among 128 low-risk primigravid women, who were randomly allocated to one of the four groups (1:1:1:1). Women were assigned with a separate web-based link for the three interventions, which were provided for 4 weeks. The pregnancy-related anxiety was measured using the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised (PRAQ-R) assessed at baseline and post-intervention. After the 4-week intervention, a repeated-measures analysis of variance showed significant mean changes, and interaction effect between the groups on pregnancy-related anxiety levels ( F(3,124) = 5.6, p = .001, ηp2 = .12); CHARM intervention significantly reduced pregnancy-related anxiety levels in comparison with other three groups including the standard care group. The CHARM intervention was thus found to be effective in reducing pregnancy-related anxiety levels, and may be recommended for pregnant women for promoting their perinatal mental well-being.
Development of a driving clinical decision pathway for non-driver trained occupational therapists
Authors: Scott Hayley M , Baker Anne M , Unsworth Carolyn A
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

While a small number of occupational therapists have additional training as driver assessors, all occupational therapists have a duty of care to address driving as an occupation. This study aimed to develop a resource to support Australian non-driver trained occupational therapists in daily practice to address driving with clients who may require on-road assessment due to a health concern.

Method:

A literature review and comprehensive process for the development of a driving clinical decision pathway was followed using four phases. A virtual nominal group technique was used to investigate the content validity of the driving clinical decision pathway. Purposive sampling was used to recruit two groups of occupational therapists to participate in a virtual nominal group technique.

Results:

A driving clinical decision pathway was developed with five key sections. The 11 participants attended 1 of 2 virtual nominal group technique for 120 minutes each, where 100% consensus was achieved with both groups relating to the content validity of the clinical decision pathway content, and ease of use.

Conclusion:

Driving is a meaningful goal for all adults who have health-related challenges. A comprehensive driving clinical decision pathway has been developed and made available that supports Australian non-driver trained occupational therapists to address driving as an occupation that maintains individuals’ independence and public safety.
The α-generalized implicit method associated with Potra–Pták iteration for solving non-linear dynamic problems
Authors: de Souza Luiz Antonio Farani , Verdade Lucas Lauer
Published: July 2024

Generally, direct time integration procedures are used for solving the equations of motion in transient analysis of structures with large displacements. In this context, we propose an algorithm that combines the α-Generalized implicit integration method with the Potra–Pták two-step iterative scheme. The free Scilab program develops a computer code for the non-linear dynamic analysis of plane frames with large displacements and rotations. The FEM corotational formulation discretizes the structures considering the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The null-length connection element described by the axial, translational and rotational stiffnesses simulate the behavior of the beam-column connection. Jacobi’s method and the Scilab’s spec function determine the natural frequencies. The developed program is used for modal and transient dynamic analyses of frame problems available in the literature. The numerical results show that the Potra-Pták scheme obtains approximate solutions with fewer cumulative iterations until convergence and shorter processing time compared to the standard Newton-Raphson scheme. Further-more, the results show that the type of beam-column connection affects the vibratory behavior of the structure as well as the values of its natural frequencies.
Numerical investigation of the structural-response analysis of a glass/epoxy composite blade for small-scale vertical-axis wind turbine
Authors: Nezzar Hamza , Ferroudji Fateh , Outtas Toufik
Published: July 2024

A Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) comprises multiple parts constructed from different materials. This complexity presents challenges in designing the blade structure. In this study, we investigated a structural optimization of a small-scale blade for a VAWT, with Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model. The purpose is to minimize the blade mass while adhering to a suite of critical wind conditions according to the IEC 61400-2 Standard. The structure made from Aluminum material simulates structure’s global behavior to determine maximum stress and deflection levels. The same structure is modeled using Glass/Epoxy composite for optimizing its design. Twenty combinations of Glass/Epoxy layers, varying in ply thickness and orientation, are simulated to find the most suitable combination. Results demonstrated that the optimization case [45°/90°/0°/−45°] obtained the minimum values of stress and deflection, is 59% lighter than Aluminum blade (initial design). The designed Glass/Epoxy composite blade is acceptable and recommended for structural safety.
Hegemony and crisis: An analysis of habit and ideology as mechanisms for achieving ‘consent’
Authors: Sau Andrea
Published: July 2024

This article presents an analysis of the role played by ideology and habit in ensuring the stability of the socioeconomic order by looking at key passages from Gramsci’s Prison Notebooks dealing with the notion of hegemony and its various aspects. This discussion is informed by Beasley-Murray’s criticisms against the notion of hegemony and his insistence that, at times of crisis, ruling classes’ ideologies stop mattering, and we should, instead, focus on domination and habit imposition. This piece attempts to clarify key concepts such as domination, leadership and ideology, as well as presenting distinctions between different ‘forms of consent’. In response to Bealey-Murray’s critique, it will also highlight how economic and political crises effect workers’ habitual life, domination and habit imposition within production/surplus extraction, leadership style and the subsequent ‘form’ bourgeois ideologies must take to appeal to an electorate that has lost trust in political elites. It will then conclude with the opposite assertion: At time of crises, we should pay even closer attention to the ‘morbid symptoms’ displayed by bourgeois ideological trends.
Hazards-Based Duration Time Model with Priorities Considering Unobserved Heterogeneity Using Real-Time Traffic and Weather Big Data
Authors: Lee Songha , Park Juneyoung , Abdel-Aty Mohamed
Published: July 2024

Traffic crash-post management is very important for transportation agencies. Delays in clearing the scene after a crash can directly increase the likelihood of a secondary crash and cause more serious traffic congestion. To optimize the management strategies for non-recurrent congestion, it is important to understand the factors that affect incident clearance times. This paper develops a model to analyze the duration time on highways using various types of datasets, including real-time data at the time of or immediately before the crash, detailed time variables, and crash type, with an accelerated failure time model. The model includes the three parametric distributions and assumed randomness, which is called unobserved heterogeneity, and can parametrically estimate the time to hazard to provide the conditional probability that the crash will be resolved. The results show that the Weibull distribution model with random parameters was suitable for both injury and non-injury crashes. Specifically, factors such as whether a truck was involved, temporal speed difference, rain, and rollover status are related to the increase in the duration time. Also, when the weighted length of the response time and detection time are applied to the duration time, the shorter the response time, the shorter the duration time for injury crashes. If there are no injuries, the faster it will be detected and help arrive at the scene. On this result, it is expected that it will be possible to develop a highly accurate clearance time prediction model with artificial intelligence techniques by using more data samples or high-resolution vehicle trajectory data.
Influence of Asphalt Emulsion Formulation Parameters on the Fluidity of Cement Asphalt Mortar for High-Speed Rail Tracks
Authors: Banapuram Rahul Reddy , Andiyappan Thavamani , Kuna Kranthi K , Reddy Muppireddy Amaranatha , Deb Arghya
Published: July 2024

The objective of the present study is twofold: firstly, to evaluate the influence of asphalt emulsion properties on the fluidity characteristics of cement asphalt mortar (CAM) for high-speed railway (HSR) track systems; and secondly, to propose a testing protocol that effectively differentiates the asphalt emulsions suitable for CAM with respect to fluidity requirement, considering specific requirements for the application. The study involved assessing CAM fluidity under various emulsion formulation variables, including the pH, residual asphalt content, and emulsifier dosage. In addition, three different test methods were evaluated for their suitability as the protocol for asphalt emulsions evaluation for CAM production in HSR applications. The results showed that the pH of the asphalt emulsion significantly affects the fluidity of the CAM, with cationic emulsions demonstrating less stability because of high alkaline conditions of CAM, while anionic/non-ionic emulsions exhibited stable fluidity. Fluidity in CAM is observed when an asphalt emulsion possesses an optimal micelle concentration, which effectively resists coagulation. The findings emphasize the importance of considering both upper and lower limits for residual asphalt content in emulsion specifications for CAM production. Emulsifier dosage also played a role, with high emulsifier dosages leading to high fluidity in CAM. The study introduced a fluidity ratio test as a suitable method for selecting asphalt emulsions for CAM production for HSR track systems.
Effects of Driver Gender, Driving Experience, and Visibility on Car-Following Behavior
Authors: Wei Tianzheng , Zhu Tong , Bai Han , Zhao Liang , Wang Xiuguang
Published: July 2024

Weather visibility interference has a significant impact on driver car-following behavior. To investigate drivers’ car-following behavior and emergency avoidance behaviors under different visibility disturbances, scenarios are constructed under different foggy concentration environments based on driving simulation, and the drivers’ response behaviors are collected in the stable car-following state and emergency rear-end scenarios. Exploring the differential effects of gender and driving experience on driving behavior for fog concentrations based on multifactorial analysis of variance. A quantitative model of car-following risk is constructed based on factor analysis, and a linear mixed model is used to explore the comprehensive effects of fog concentration, speed, and the following distance at the braking time on drivers’ braking reaction time by fully considering the differences in individual behaviors. The results show that driving behavior is significantly affected by visual visibility, driver’s gender, and driving experience. With the decrease of visibility, following driving speed decreases, the following distance is shortened, the headway decreases, and the standard deviation of lane lateral offset distance increases. The rear-end collision risk of an experienced driver is higher than that of a novice driver, and the rear-end collision risk of the female is higher than that of male. The risk of collision is higher when traveling in light fog. In emergency rear-end collision scenarios, as visibility decreases, braking reaction time increases, and the risk of collision conflict increases at the moment of driver braking. The braking reaction time of the driver decreases with the increase of the speed and increases with the increase of the distance when the front vehicle is braking. The results of this study provide theoretical support and technical reference for effectively improving driving safety in a bad-visibility environment.
Enhancing Performance and Reducing Environmental Impact of Concrete with Replacement of Recycled Concrete Aggregate Treated with Various CO2 Pressures
Authors: Ismail Fouad Ismail , Mamirov Miras , Kim Seunghee , Hu Jiong
Published: July 2024

Recent studies have demonstrated that the carbonation treatment of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) could enhance its properties by the conversion of adhesive paste to stronger and denser products. In addition, the use of RCA and the sequestration of CO2 during the CO2-treatment process can help to reduce the carbon footprint of concrete. This study assesses the performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) developed from CO2-treated RCA. RCAs obtained from over 20 old highway and airfield pavements were treated under different pressures (5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 pounds per square inch [psi]) of CO2. The physical and mechanical properties of RCA were then examined. The complete substitution of natural coarse aggregate was carried out using both untreated and treated RCA, followed by an assessment of the resulting RAC’s fresh, mechanical, and durability properties. Furthermore, the environmental performance of concrete incorporating untreated and treated RCA was evaluated. The experimental findings revealed that the CO2 treatment pressure had a significant influence on RCA characteristics, leading to notable improvements in the mechanical and durability properties of RAC. Results demonstrated that by employing CO2 treatment at pressures of 20, 40, and 60 psi, concrete incorporating complete RCA replacement can achieve properties comparable to concrete with natural aggregate. Moreover, the RAC produced using CO2-treated RCA demonstrated a reduced CO2 equivalent when compared with concrete incorporating natural aggregate or untreated RCA. These findings underscore the potential of CO2-treated RCA as a viable and environmentally friendly alternative to natural aggregate for sustainable concrete production.
Exploring Inspection Technologies for Highway Infrastructure During Construction and Asset Management
Authors: Le Nhien Dinh , Tran Daniel , Harper Christofer M. , Sturgill Roy E.
Published: July 2024

State departments of transportation (DOTs) historically employed onsite inspectors to perform hands-on and in-person infrastructure inspections. However, with the latest technological advancements, state DOTs increasingly use technologies to complement their inspection of highway infrastructure. This study investigates common technologies used by state DOTs to inspect highway infrastructure during the construction and maintenance of highway assets. A list of 19 technologies was developed from the literature review. A national survey of 50 state DOTs was conducted to determine the most common technologies used for the inspection of highway infrastructure. The top technologies used by state DOTs to inspect highway infrastructure during construction are tablet/smart mobile devices; global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)/global positioning systems (GPS); remote sensors such as accelerometers, maturity meter sensors, or strain gauges; e-ticketing; remote cameras; and unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). The top technologies used by state DOTs to inspect highway infrastructure during maintenance of assets are geographic information systems applications, light detection and ranging/3D laser scanners, tablet/smart mobile devices, GNSS/GPS, and UAS. Six case studies with Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, New York, and Oregon state DOTs were then conducted to verify the results from the survey questionnaire. The main inspection activities and challenges of using these technologies during construction and asset management were discussed. The findings from this study provide valuable information for state DOTs to understand how better to implement technologies for the inspection of highway infrastructure.
Fuel Consumption of Adaptive Cruise Control Platoons: Bench Experiments and Data-Driven Estimation for Real Traffic
Authors: Charlottin Thibault , Varotto Silvia , Jeanneret Bruno , Gillet Sylvain , Buisson Christine
Published: July 2024

Vehicles equipped with adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems are expected to improve traffic safety and decrease fuel consumption. Recent experimental studies have shown that ACC leads to string instability in the case of platooning and can, therefore, result in higher energy needs compared with a platoon of human-driven vehicles (HDV). However, the impact of ACC on fuel consumption in the case of platooning and the global impact of ACC fuel overconsumption in traffic are not known yet. This study examines the impact of ACC systems on traffic fuel consumption using experimental data and traffic records. In this study, we inject the speed profiles of ACC and HDV platoons that follow a similar leader trajectory into an engine bench. Then, we identify the event that leads to an overconsumption of fuel in the case of platooning. The results of the engine bench show that only ACC platoons of six or more vehicles with a short time-gap setting consume more fuel than HDV platoons. Using HighD and ExiD records, we detect if the events leading to fuel overconsumption often happen in traffic. The results on HighD and ExiD show that such an event happens once out of 1,250 episodes if we divide the time into episodes of 15 s. This shows that, even if fuel overconsumption exists in specific cases, those cases are actually too rare in traffic to affect global fuel consumption.
A Data-Driven Framework for Driving Cycle Generation and Analysis
Authors: Keskin Fesih , Yıldız Melih , Arslannur Bircan
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a methodology for generating realistic driving cycles through a combination of Markov chain modeling, Monte Carlo simulation, and dynamic time warping. The study is focused on the construction of a representative driving cycle for the city of Iğdır in Turkey, taking into account its unique traffic characteristics. The methodology involves two main stages: first, determining reference segments partitioned from original driving datasets based on traffic conditions and road types, using the dynamic time warping technique based on the similarity between each segment time series. The second stage is to stochastically generate a representative driving cycle by employing a combination of Markov chain and Monte Carlo simulation, producing variability and randomness. In this stage, the best driving cycle segment of each segment group from among the generated driving segments utilizing Markov chain modeling and Monte Carlo simulation was selected using the dynamic time warping techniques, considering the reference segments. Finally, a representative driving cycle was constructed by stitching each segment. To assess the generated representative cycle, commonly used kinematic parameters were compared with real-world driving cycle data for Iğdır. The results show that the proposed methodology provides an advanced algorithm for generating a reasonable representative driving cycle, which can contribute to energy consumption analysis, vehicle performance, and emission evaluation. The comprehensive approach provided by the proposed methodology enables an accurate understanding of driving patterns, promoting the development of sustainable mobility solutions.
Causes of Incomplete Risk Identification in Major Transportation Engineering and Construction Projects
Authors: Dicks Evan P. , Molenaar Keith R.
Published: July 2024

Risk management is a widely recognized best practice for project teams to enable successful delivery of major transportation projects. Whereas many risks are identified in workshops conducted during the design stage, other risks relevant to the project are either overlooked, missed, or underassessed, only to occur later in the project lifecycle. There is limited research examining the causes of incomplete risk identification, particularly as it relates to construction projects. Contributing factors of incomplete risk identification were examined through 12 interviews with risk management professionals based on their involvement with projects that experienced a risk that was unidentified or underassessed. The study identified 10 contributing factors through a thematic analysis of the interviews including cognitive biases, communication and alignment, facilitator expertise, imagination, experience, level of detail, management support, process standardization, stakeholder participation, and time constraints. The findings provide key insights into understanding why some but not all risks are identified, and serve as a foundation for improving the identification workshops of major transportation projects.
Looking beyond ‘couple’: Exploring the relationship between co-conductors facilitating experiential groups for psychodynamic psychotherapy students
Authors: Dudley Jane , Caton Mike
Published: July 2024

The authors use the theoretical framework of group analysis to facilitate experiential small and median groups for students on trainings in individual psychodynamic psychotherapy. Even though in our many years of clinical and educative group practice it would usually be a definite no, the authors found themselves debating whether members who revealed they were a couple in the past could in fact be together in a group. This discussion prompted the authors to reflect closely on their co-facilitator relationship, causing them to consider what they understood by ‘couple’.

It offered an opportunity (previously unconscious) to explore what they had experienced in group trainings and within their own group practice—that of the frequent binary fixing of conductors as male/female and heterosexual, and whether such fixing may be a defence by the group, including the group conductors, against allowing and exploring a more fluid, nuanced exploration of gender and sexuality. The authors propose that instead of small experiential groups, median groups may offer a richer opportunity for such exploration.
The Role of Phonological Decoding on the Reading Skills of Beginning Readers With Reading Disabilities in a Highly Transparent Orthography
Authors: Guldenoglu Birkan , Kargin Tevhide , Alatlı Reşat , Dogan Guldenoglu Bilge Nur
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to examine the role of phonological decoding on the reading skills of Turkish beginning readers with reading disabilities. Participants were 80 second graders with and without reading disabilities educated in general education classes at public elementary schools in Ankara, Turkey. In the assessment process, to test the participants’ phonological decoding skills, we used a pseudoword decoding paradigm, and to determine reading fluency and comprehension skills reading texts were used. Data were collected in individual sessions and analyzed by running a series of GLM analyses of variance and Pearson correlation analyses. Findings showed the reading fluency and comprehension performances of participants varied depending on their phonological decoding processing level and thus suggested phonological decoding is one of the most important indicators of reading fluency and comprehension in a highly transparent language, Turkish. The acquisition of adequate reading comprehension seems to be modified by particularities of phonological decoding.
Results of the cyclic triaxial testing on mechanically–biologically treated waste
Authors: Li Tuo , Zhang Zhenying , Zhang Youwen , Chen Wenjie
Published: July 2024

Accurate assessment of the dynamic strength characteristics of mechanically–biologically treated (MBT) waste is crucial for the construction and safe operation of landfill sites. Herein, samples of MBT waste from the Hangzhou Tianziling landfill were collected and subjected to consolidated undrained cyclic triaxial tests under four confinement levels and six cyclic stress ratios (CSRs). Under cyclic loading, the MBT waste exhibited a critical CSR. If the CSR exceeds the critical value, the MBT waste specimen rapidly undergoes deformation and failure. Dynamic strength of MBT waste decreases with an increase in the number of cyclic vibrations and increases with an increase in confining pressure. Considering the influence of cyclic vibrations and confining pressure, a formula for dynamic strength in terms of cyclic vibrations and confining pressure has been established. The dynamic shear strength parameter ranges for MBT waste were obtained under different seismic magnitudes. We compared the dynamic and static shear strength parameters of MBT waste and municipal solid waste. These study findings can serve as a reference for the dynamic stability analysis of MBT waste landfills.
Measuring the fire growth potential of combustible solids using a cone calorimeter
Authors: Lyon Richard E
Published: July 2024

The fire growth rate of interior linings, furnishings, and construction materials is measured in full-scale fire tests such as the ASTM E84 Steiner Tunnel, the ISO 9705 room fire, and a passenger aircraft fuselage as the flame-spread rate, time-to-flashover, or time to incapacitation, respectively. The results are used to indicate the level of passive fire protection afforded by the combustible material or product in the test without providing any insight into the burning process. These large-scale tests require many square meters of product, are very expensive to conduct, and can exhibit poor repeatability–making them unsuitable for product development, quality control, product surveillance, or regulatory compliance. For this reason, smaller (0.01 m2) samples are tested in bench-scale fire calorimeters under controlled conditions, and these one-dimensional burning histories are correlated with the results of the two- and three-dimensional burning histories in full-scale fire tests by a variety of empirical and semi-empirical fire propagation indices, as well as analytic and computer models specific to the full-scale fire test. The approach described here defines the potential of a material to grow a fire in terms of cone calorimeter data obtained under standard conditions. The fire growth potential, λ (m2/J), is the coupled process of surface flame spread and in-depth burning that is defined as the product of ignitability (1/ E ign) and combustibility (Δ Q/Δ E) obtained from a combustion energy diagram measured in a cone calorimeter at an external radiant energy flux [Formula: see text] (W/m2) above the critical flux for burning, [Formula: see text]. However, the potential for fire growth, λ≡ (1/ Ei gn)(Δ Q/Δ E) is only realized as a hazard when the heat of combustion of the product per unit surface area, Hc (J/m2), is sufficient to grow the fire. The dimensionless fire hazard of a combustible product of thickness b is therefore, Π = λ Hc, while the fire hazard of the component materials is an average over the product thickness, π = Π/ b. The measurement of λ, Π, and π from combustion energy diagrams of heat release Q (J/m2) versus incident energy E (J/m2) is described, as well as a physical basis for a fire growth potential that provides simple analytic forms for λ in terms of the parameters reported in cone calorimeter tests. Experimental data from the literature show that rapid fire growth in full-scale fire tests of combustible materials occurs above a value of Π determined by the severity of the fire test.