bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SAÚDE MENTAL NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAUDE
Authors: Junior Mauri Gonçalves , Tobias Gabriela Camargo , Teixeira Cristiane Chagas
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: Identificar as publicações referente a gestão do cuidado com o paciente em sofrimento mental na Atenção Primária à Saúde e as intervenções eficazes para o paciente em sofrimento psíquico. Método: Estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura, e para guiar esta pesquisa, formulou-se os seguintes questionamentos: o que se tem publicado sobre a gestão do cuidado com pacientes em sofrimento mental na Atenção Primária à Saúde? Quais são as intervenções eficazes no cuidado com paciente em sofrimento psíquico? Para a localização e seleção dos estudos, foi realizada pesquisa eletrônica nas seguintes bases de dados: Scielo, Cochrane, Lilacs e Medline/ PubMed, disponíveis no período compreendido entre 2007 a 2017. Resultados: Foram encontrados 18 estudos no período estudado. Os estudos apresentaram conceitos como “acolhimento” e “matriciamento”, ambos com fundamentos para o cuidado integral e resolutivo de paciente em sofrimento mental. Conclusão: O cuidado ao paciente em sofrimento mental, não necessita de inúmeros recursos tecnológicos/sofisticadas ou mudanças nos processos de trabalhos, pois, o foco do cuidado está na postura do profissional e da organização da rede de atenção psicossocial como espaço do transição para este paciente receber o cuidado que necessita.
PREVALÊNCIA DE RISCO CARDIOVASCULAR A PARTIR DE PARÂMETROS ANTROPOMÉTRICOS EM CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Santos Elise Gabriela Rosa , Pereira Palloma Yafuso , Sekiya Denise Ruri Utsunomia , Goulart Rita Maria Monteiro
Published: December 2019

Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) são as principais causas de morte no Brasil e no mundo. Entre os fatores de risco cardiovasculares identificados em crianças brasileiras destaca-se o excesso de peso. Em estudos epidemiológicos e na prática clínica, valorizam-se medidas antropométricas por serem acessíveis, rápidas, não invasivas, de baixo custo e com maior facilidade de aplicação. Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de risco cardiovascular em crianças e adolescentes atendidos em ambulatório multidisciplinar, utilizando-se parâmetros antropométricos e verificar a existência de correlação entre estes parâmetros. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo realizado com 470 crianças e adolescentes entre 6 e 17 anos de idade, de ambos os gêneros, atendidos por equipe multidisciplinar, em projeto filantrópico de um hospital no município de São Paulo. As informações foram coletadas dos prontuários do serviço, sendo utilizadas as seguintes variáveis: peso, estatura, circunferência do pescoço (CP), circunferência da cintura (CC). Foram calculadas a relação cintura/estatura (RCE) e índice de massa corporal (IMC). Foi analisada a correlação entre as medidas antropométricas. Resultados: Em relação ao IMC, 23,6% apresentaram sobrepeso, 12,3% obesidade e 3,8% obesidade grave. O risco cardiovascular foi identificado em 39,7% das crianças e adolescentes. Em CC, 12,1% e RCE, 24,5% do total apresentaram risco para DCV. Houve forte correlação entre CC e RCE, e entre IMC e RCE. Conclusão: A prevalência de risco para DCV variou de 12,1% a 39,7%, dependendo do parâmetro antropométrico utilizado. As medidas antropométricas utilizadas em conjunto no atendimento ambulatorial de crianças e adolescentes são eficazes para avaliar o risco de DCV, uma vez que há correlação entre as mesmas. Ressalta-se que aplicadas isoladamente podem sub ou super estimar o risco cardiovascular.
Extended cavity diode laser master-oscillator-power-amplifier for operation of an iodine frequency reference on a sounding rocket
Authors: Kürbis Ch. , Bawamia A. , Krüger M. , Smol R. , Peters A. , Wicht A. , Tränkle G.
Published: December 2019

We present a hybrid microintegrated diode laser module developed for iodine spectroscopy on board a sounding rocket. The laser module is based on a master-oscillator-power-amplifier concept: an extended cavity diode laser serves as the master oscillator, and a ridge-waveguide semiconductor optical amplifier provides the power boost. The module’s form factor and mass correspond to

12.5
×
7.5
×
2.3

c
m

3

and 750 g, respectively. With an electrical power of 3.75 W supplied to the module, 570 mW of optical power is provided out of a polarization maintaining optical fiber at 1064.490 nm with a technical linewidth of 13 kHz (55 kHz) at a 1 ms (10 ms) time scale. The laser module has successfully passed vibration tests at a level of

8.8

g

R
M
S

. A nominally identical module has recently been used to demonstrate, for the first time, precision iodine spectroscopy in space.
Micro-integrated high-power narrow-linewidth external-cavity tapered diode laser at 808  nm
Authors: Chi Mingjun , Müller André , Hansen Anders K. , Jensen Ole B. , Petersen Paul M. , Sumpf Bernd
Published: December 2019

A novel compact micro-integrated high-power narrow-linewidth external-cavity diode laser around 808 nm is demonstrated. The laser system contains a tapered amplifier consisting of a ridge-waveguide section and a tapered section with separated electrical contacts. Thus, the injection currents to both sections can be controlled independently. An external volume Bragg grating is utilized for spectral narrowing and stabilization. The diode laser system is integrated on a

5

m
m

×

13

m
m

aluminum nitride micro-optical bench on a conduction cooled package mount with a footprint of

25

m
m

×

25

m
m

. The diode laser system is characterized by measuring the output power and spectrum with the injection currents to the ridge-waveguide section (

I

RW

) and tapered amplifier section (

I

TA

) changed in steps of 25 and 50 mA, respectively. At

I

RW

=

200

m
A

and

I

TA

=

6.0

A

, 3.5 W of output power is obtained with an emission spectral linewidth with an upper bound of 6 pm, and a beam propagation factor in the slow axis,

M
2

, of 2.6 (

1

/

e

2

). The characterization of the temperature stabilization of the laser system shows an increase of the wavelength at a rate of 6.5 pm/K, typical for the applied volume Bragg grating.
New luminescence lifetime macro-imager based on a Tpx3Cam optical camera
Authors: Sen Rajannya , Hirvonen Liisa M. , Zhdanov Alexander , Svihra Peter , Andersson-Engels Stefan , Nomerotski Andrei , Papkovsky Dmitri
Published: December 2019

The properties of a novel ultra-fast optical imager, Tpx3Cam, were investigated for macroscopic wide-field phosphorescent lifetime imaging (PLIM) applications. The camera is based on a novel optical sensor and Timepix3 readout chip with a time resolution of 1.6 ns, recording of photon arrival time and time over threshold for each pixel, and readout rate of 80 megapixels per second. In this study, we coupled the camera to an image intensifier, a 760 nm emission filter and a 50 mm lens, and with a super-bright 627nm LED providing pulsed excitation of a 18 × 18 mm sample area. The resulting macro-imager with compact and rigid optical alignment of its main components was characterised using planar phosphorescent O2 sensors and a resolution plate mask. Several acquisition and image processing algorithms were evaluated to optimise the system resolution and performance for the wide-field PLIM, followed by imaging a variety of phosphorescent samples. The new PLIM system looks promising, particularly for phosphorescence lifetime-based imaging of O2 in various chemical and biological samples.
Multiplex protein-specific microscopy with ultraviolet surface excitation
Authors: Guo Jiaming , Artur Camille , Womack Tasha , Eriksen Jason L. , Mayerich David
Published: December 2019

Immunohistochemical techniques, such as immunofluorescence (IF) staining, enable microscopic imaging of local protein expression within tissue samples. Molecular profiling enabled by IF is critical to understanding pathogenesis and is often involved in complex diagnoses. A recent innovation, known as microscopy with ultraviolet surface excitation (MUSE), uses deep ultraviolet (≈280 nm) illumination to excite labels at the tissue surface, providing equivalent images without fixation, embedding, and sectioning. However, MUSE has not yet been integrated into traditional IF pipelines. This limits its application in more complex diagnoses that rely on protein-specific markers. This paper aims to broaden the applicability of MUSE to multiplex immunohistochemistry using quantum dot nanoparticles. We demonstrate the advantages of quantum dot labels for protein-specific MUSE imaging on both paraffin-embedded and intact tissue, significantly expanding MUSE applicability to protein-specific applications. Furthermore, with recent innovations in three-dimensional ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy, this opens the door to three-dimensional IF imaging with quantum dots using ultraviolet excitation.
Cascaded diffraction in optical systems. Part I: simulation model
Authors: Gross Herbert
Published: December 2019

In every real optical system, the light beam or ray bundle is laterally limited by diaphragms or lens boundaries. Therefore, from a rigorous point of view, a diffraction calculation of the point spread function by assuming a truncation at the exit pupil is a simplification. If several boundaries at different

z

positions inside a system truncate the rays, cascaded diffraction occurs and the field in the exit pupil is modified in amplitude and phase by the edge diffraction effects at all relevant boundaries. A simple model for a fast estimation of these effects and a rule of thumb for real optical systems are worked out in this work.
Cascaded diffraction in optical systems. Part II: example calculations
Authors: Gross Herbert
Published: December 2019

Real imaging optical systems are in any case finite in diameter and therefore limit the ray cones coming from the various object points. The truncation of the ray cones generates edge diffraction effects, which have an impact on the point spread function and therefore on the resolution of the system. Traditionally real calculations of the diffraction effects are mostly simplified by assuming a truncation in the exit pupil only. In this hybrid approach, the light propagation therefore can be calculated by raytrace first, and the more cumbersome diffraction calculated is only performed between exit pupil and image plane. To come to a better quantitative understanding of the validity of this approximation, a more refined model is developed in an adjacent publication. Some example calculations for real setups and an overview about the order of magnitude of the cascaded diffraction effects are worked out in this contribution.
A New Era in Liquid Biopsy: From Genotype to Phenotype
Authors: Kelley Shana O , Pantel Klaus
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

Liquid biopsy, in which tumor cells and tumor-derived biomolecules are collected from the circulation, is an attractive strategy for the management of cancer that allows the serial monitoring of patients during treatment. The analysis of circulating DNA produced by tumors provides a means to collect genotypic information about the molecular profile of a patient's cancer. Phenotypic information, which may be highly relevant for therapeutic selection, is ideally derived from intact cells, necessitating the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs).

CONTENT

Recent advances in profiling CTCs at the single-cell level are providing new ways to collect critical phenotypic information. Analysis of secreted proteins, surface proteins, and intracellular RNAs for CTCs at the single-cell level is now possible and provides a means to quantify molecular markers that are involved with the mechanism of action of the newest therapeutics. We review the latest technological advances in this area along with related breakthroughs in high-purity CTC capture and in vivo profiling approaches, and we also present a perspective on how genotypic and phenotypic information collected via liquid biopsies is being used in the clinic.

Over the past 5 years, the use of liquid biopsy has been adopted in clinical medicine, representing a major paradigm shift in how molecular testing is used in cancer management. The first tests to be used are genotypic measurements of tumor mutations that affect therapeutic effectiveness. Phenotypic information is also clinically relevant and essential for monitoring proteins and RNA sequences that are involved in therapeutic response.
Problem of brazilian cemeteries and environment – review of studies
Authors: Cauduro Flávia , Müller Christiane Ribeiro , Ricardo Guilherme Da Silva
Published: December 2019

Os Cemitérios no Brasil são considerados pela legislação vigente como atividades sujeitas a licenciamento ambiental. Esta condição é baseada na interação em que os cemitérios têm com os recursos naturais. Os principais tipos de cemitérios são os tradicionais horizontais e parques ou jardins e, mais recentemente, os verticais. Autores retratam a realidade socioambiental dos cemitérios tradicionais com base em estudos técnicos realizados em diferentes estados. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar estudos de caso e sintetizar as principais informações, como métodos aplicados, resultados obtidos e conclusões. A maioria dos estudos analisados identificou graus de contaminação da água e do solo, colocando em risco a saúde dos seres vivos. As principais metodologias e resultados avaliados foram destacados e recomendações técnicas e legais, como a regularização ambiental de cemitérios brasileiros através do licenciamento ambiental, foram apontadas como a conclusão deste trabalho. Por fim, foi realizado um diagnóstico sobre o problema dos cemitérios brasileiros em relação ao meio ambiente.
Minimização do conflito na gestão do território por meio do emprego da logica booleana e critérios geoambientais para definição de áreas favoráveis à implantação de aterro sanitário: estudo de caso no município de Itabira – MG
Authors: Miranda Gabrielle Loubach , Simião Júlia Brito , Abreu Pedro Henrique Santos , Vieira Eliane Maria
Published: December 2019

A implantação de um aterro sanitário é foco de diversos conflitos em função dos impactos que este causa ao meio, tanto sociais quanto ambientais, neste sentido o presente estudo objetiva selecionar áreas favoráveis à implantação de um aterro sanitário de forma a minimiza-los, tendo como área de estudo o município de Itabira, Minas Gerais. A determinação das áreas foi fundamentada em critérios de restrições e aptidões com base nas recomendações da Norma NBR 13.896 de 1997. Foi empregado o Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) - ArcGis para aplicação da lógica tendo como características restritivas declividade, distância dos recursos hídricos, distância de vias, distância de núcleos populacionais, distância da mina de ferro e unidades de conservação, sendo que as áreas inaptas receberam valor 0, e as áreas favoráveis receberam o valor 1. O resultado final, com a multiplicação de todos os mapas, gerou um mapa final de favorabilidade, adotando um critério de distância, que classifica as áreas como inaptas, restritas, moderadas ou favoráveis a construção de um aterro sanitário no município. Um grande ganho da metodologia empregada é o fato de se minimizar a subjetividade na definição dos locais, visto que se trabalha com fatores que podem ser delimitados espacialmente. O fato de apresentar os resultados em níveis de favorabilidade proporciona ao tomador de decisões, publico ou privado, maiores opções de locais para que se possa implantar o aterro, ademais, a metodologia aplicada pode ser utilizada tanto em outros municípios quanto a consócios destes em função da facilidade de implementação mesmo em grandes regiões territoriais.
Representasi Identitas Perempuan dalam Ranah Domestik– Sebuah Kajian Semiotika Budaya pada Peribahasa Sunda
Authors: Zulaikha Farieda Ilhami
Published: December 2019

Proverbs are an identity marker for the language users in one region. The uniqueness and cultural diversity can be seen from the interpretation of the proverb. Therefore, this study aims to examine women's identity in the domestic domain in Sundanese proverbs. This research involves semiotic and cultural analysis. The stages of analysis are divided into 3 coding, classification, and analysis. This research is formulated to answer two issues; 1) signs found in Sundanese proverbs including symbols, indices and icons in representing the role of women in the domestic sphere in Sundanese society, and 2) interpretations of signs associated with cultural concepts. Based on the analysis the results are 1) women’s sign in Sundanese proverbs are related to kitchen, bed, and cosmetic, 2) Those three signs for women construct women’s position in domestics sphere. Women are binded to be in the kitchen and has no power on their own body.
Ciało mistyczne
Authors: Gromek Karol
Published: December 2019

This article proposes to include in the literary studies the body of texts written by the Christian female mystics, whose accounts have so far been the domain of theological discourse. The perspective offered here focuses on the bodily categories contained in the works of women mystics from the 19th and 20th c. such as: Leonia Nastał, Faustyna Kowalska, Zofia Nosko, Roberta Babiak, Rozalia Celakówna, all of whom qualify under the category of experiential or affective mysticism. The present articles focuses on two notions, i.e. on the one hand, the typology of describing the bodily experience in the mystical text, and on the other, the biographical features. The latter opens up a path towards the anthropological and cultural dimension in the analysis of mystical writings with a particular focus on the issue of illness, self-mortification and exhumation.
Japońskie filmy o Ajnach w perspektywie amerykańskiego westernu
Authors: Bochniarz Marek S. , Sztafiej Przemysław
Published: December 2019

Recently the topic of transnationalism in the arts has become a popular strand of academic research. Nevertheless, this phenomenon is not an entirely new concept. In cinema it has been a constant element since its inception. One of the most important inspirations for world cinema has been the traditional cinematography of the USA, especially from the period of the great film studios, with the western being one of the most popular and imitated genres. Although it seems to be inextricably connected with the American myth of the frontier, the Wild West, the theme of expansion, and the conflict of ‘civilization’ and ‘wildness/savagery’ has reverberated outside the USA. In Japan westerns resonated on both the consumer-commercial and artistic levels. Japanese filmmakers utilized elements of the genre while weaving in some native contexts. The history of colonization of the northern island of Hokkaidō and its native inhabitants – the Ainu people – have been a point of reference for Japan-based western films. In this article, the authors analyze the western-specific genre elements in Japanese films about the Ainu people, while concentrating on the portrayal of individuals, groups and human relations on the frontier.
Effect of dissolution rate and subsequent ion release on cytocompatibility properties of borophosphate glasses
Authors: Sharmin Nusrat , Hasan Mohammad S. , Islam Md. Towhidul , Pang Chengheng , Gu Fu , Parsons Andrew J. , Ahmed Ifty
Published: December 2019

Present work explores the relationship between the composition, dissolution rate, ion release and cytocompatibility of a series of borophosphate glasses. While, the base glass was selected to be 40mol%P2O5-16mol%CaO-24mol%MgO-20mol%Na2O, three B2O3 modified glass compositions were formulated by replacing Na2O with 1, 5 and 10 mol% B2O3. Ion release study was conducted using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The thermal scans of the glasses as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed an increment in the thermal properties with increasing B2O3 content in the glasses. On the other hand, the dissolution rate of the glasses decreased with increasing B2O3 content. To identify the effect of boron ion release on the cytocompatibility properties of the glasses, MG63 cells were cultured on the surface of the glass discs. The in vitro cell culture study suggested that glasses with 5 mol% B2O3 (P40B5) showed better cell proliferation and metabolic activity as compares to the glasses with 10 mol% (P40B10) or with no B2O3 (P40B0). The confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images of live/dead stained MG63 cells attached to the surface of the glasses also revealed that the number of dead cells attached to P40B5 glasses were significantly lower than both P40B0 and P40B10 glasses.
Dissolution and bioactivity of a sol-gel derived borate glass in six different solution media
Authors: Lepry William C. , Rezabeigi Ehsan , Smith Sophia , Nazhat Showan N.
Published: December 2019

Sol-gel derived bioactive borate glasses (SGBGs) rapidly convert to hydroxycarbonated apatite (HCA) in simulated body fluid (SBF), in vitro. While previous studies have examined the influence of processing and composition on bioactivity, the effect of the in vitro dissolution media has not been well examined for these glasses. In this study, the mineral conversion of a SGBG substituted 45S5 Bioglass® formulation (“B46”, (46.1)B2O3-(26.9)CaO-(24.4)Na2O-(2.6)P2O5, mol%), was examined in six different dissolution media: SBF, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS, pH 7.4) buffer, Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (PBS, 1X), Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM, 1X), 0.9% Saline (SAL), and deionized water (DIW) at 1.5 mg/mL for 10 min, 2h, and 1d. All media underwent a rapid increase in pH as a result of glass dissolution and ion release. B46 in SBF, TRIS, and PBS converted to HCA while B46 in DMEM, SAL, and DIW converted to calcite according to attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The ratio of B46 to SBF was also examined at 3, 6, 12, and 24 mg/mL for 1d. These results help elucidate the dissolution and mineral conversion of borate glasses and help provide insights into optimizing pre-conditioning treatments for both in vitro and in vivo analyses.
Bioactivity and dissolution behavior of boron-containing bioactive glasses under static and dynamic conditions in different media
Authors: Arango-Ospina Marcela , Hupa Leena , Boccaccini Aldo R.
Published: December 2019

The present study reports the dissolution studies of a family of boron-doped bioactive glasses based on the composition ICIE16. Simulated body fluid (SBF), Tris-buffered solution and lactic acid were used as dissolution media for studies under static and dynamic conditions. The leaching of ions from the glasses under the evaluated conditions and media was compared and the bioactive behaviour of the glasses was evaluated. Influence of the incorporation of boron in the thermal properties of the glass was also analysed. Glasses exhibited faster bioactivity under dynamic dissolution configuration compared to static conditions. Moreover, the glass dissolution rate was faster in acidic conditions than in SBF or Tris solutions. It was found that at increasing boron content the dissolution of the glass is faster.
Chemical analysis and thermal stability of African mahogany (Khaya ivorensis A. Chev) condensed tannins
Authors: Bikoro Bi Athomo Arsène , Engozogho Anris Starlin Peguy , Safou Tchiama Rodrigue , Leroyer Léo , Pizzi Antonio , Charrier Bertrand
Published: December 2019

The forest policies of new Congo basin countries have increased the wood timber industry output since the year 2000. Thus, a high content of underutilized wood waste from sawmill, furniture and plywood industries is generated. Among them, Khaya ivorensis A. Chev bark, sapwood and heartwood account for the less valorized wood wastes. Therefore, an attempt was made to study the chemical variability and thermal stability of tannins extracted from the sapwood and heartwood by the acetone/water method (7:3, v:v); the potential recovery of these polyphenols for industrial applications was also aimed. Quantitative analysis pointed out that the heartwood was the most abundant in phenolic units, and a significant difference (P < 0.05) was found in condensed tannin content between the bark, sapwood and heartwood. This result indicated an intra-tree variability while no significant difference was found for inter-tree tannin contents (P > 0.05). These tannins were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Their chemical structures were fisitinidin- and gallocatechin-type units. No evidence of free cathechin moiety was found in these extracts. Moreover, oligomers up to seven tannin monomers free from glycosyl structures were found in the K. ivorensis condensed tannins. Moreover, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) pointed out good thermal stability of these hardwood species’ tannin. These findings could be useful for future valorizations of African mahogany wood wastes as source of tannins for chemistry or composite materials.
Experiments on adsorption at hydrous metal oxide surfaces using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATRIRS) (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: McQuillan A. James , Osawa Masatoshi , Peak Derek , Ren Bin , Tian Zhong-Qun
Published: December 2019

This article seeks to encourage the adoption of modern methods of surface analysis in teaching contexts by introducing the use of attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATRIRS) in analysis of adsorption reactions at hydrous metal oxide thin films. The first experiment shows how outer-sphere adsorption of perchlorate ion is distinguished from inner-sphere adsorption of ethanedioate (oxalate) ion at TiO2 surfaces. The second experiment shows how the nature of adsorption of sulfate ion to iron oxide surfaces changes with pH. In the third experiment, the variation of the amount of benzene-1,2-diol (catechol) adsorbed to TiO2 with solution concentration enables an adsorption constant to be derived from the adsorption isotherm.
Aging monitoring of electrical machines using winding high frequency equivalent circuits
Authors: Ait-Amar Sonia , Roger Daniel , Savin Serghei
Published: December 2019

This study defines a monitoring method based on impedance analysis in the upper part of the spectrum. It focuses on the analysis of the high frequency behavior of electrical machines windings considering the turn-to-turn capacitance variations (delta-C) due to insulation aging. An equivalent circuit is automatically generated from the turn arrangements in coils; parameters are computed considering the coil shape and the characteristics of insulation materials. PSpice analysis of the equivalent circuit yields the resonance frequencies to be monitored. With this software and a database giving the relationship between the turn-to-turn capacitance variation delta-C and the reduction of insulation performances due to aging, it is possible to build a monitoring system able to produce an alert when the probability of failure becomes higher than a predetermined level.
Flexible epoxy composite coatings modified by reactive rubber with improvements in water and corrosive resistances
Authors: Wang Jinwei , Guo Xiangming , Wu Di
Published: December 2019

Epoxy composites were modified by reactive polybutadiene, and their resistance to T-bend and liquid permeation was evaluated to develop flexible epoxy composite coatings with good resistance to corrosive media. The composites’ resistance to bending on galvanic sheets was improved with the addition of up to around 15 wt.% amino liquid polybutadiene (ALPB) as reflected by the cross-section images after bending tests and bending times at break. The initial impedance increased with the addition of up to 15 wt.% ALPB in the composites, whereas the resistance reduced in a much slow rate with immersion time for the sample containing ALPB at around 10 wt.%. This result suggested that their resisting ability depended on the amount and dispersion of ALPB. The Rc and Cc parameters from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements revealed that the improvement in resistance to electrolyte resulted from the compactness increment at certain range of ALPB additions, which was also supported by their water uptake trends. Moreover, the addition of ALPB above 20% resulted in severe aggregations and phase separations. The resulting reduced compactness reflects the fact that the excessive reactive rubber addition leads to the negative effects on their resisting ability upon both T-bend and liquid permeation.
Do indirect requests communicate politeness?An experimental study of conventionalized indirect requests in French email communication
Authors: Ruytenbeek Nicolas
Published: December 2019

This article addresses the relationship between linguistic politeness and addressee status in the performance of written requests in French. According to a first view, conventionalizedCan youfollowed by a verbal phrase (in short,Can you VP?) “indirect requests” (IRs) are preferred because they enable speakers to convey politeness effects absent in imperatives. According to an alternative view,Can you VP?is the standard polite request form in written communication because it avoids impoliteness implications. To test these two competing hypotheses, I carried out a production task experiment with 122 native speakers of Belgian French writing email requests. In this experiment, addressee status was manipulated. An important finding is that higher addressee status does not increase the frequency ofCan you VP?requests. Instead of usingCan you VP?more often when they address higher status people, the participants used specific politeness markers such as formal greetings and the V-form of address. These results disconfirm the hypothesis thatCan you VP?is used to convey extra politeness effects and suggests instead that people use such IRs to avoid the risk of being considered impolite.
Impoliteness in reader comments on the Al-Jazeera channel news website
Authors: Rabab’ah Ghaleb , Alali Nusiebah
Published: December 2019

Many internet users actively participate and share their views using social networks. Their behavior is sometimes unpredictable; it could be polite or impolite. This study aims to investigate impoliteness in the comment section of the Al-Jazeera Arabic news website to uncover the types of impolite acts which commenters engage in online, and expose conventionalized and non-conventionalized impoliteness triggers. It also seeks to explore the influence of computer-mediated contextual factors, such as anonymity and synchronicity on impoliteness. The study adopts Neurauter-Kessels’ framework (2011) to identify the types of face attacks and Culpeper’s bottom-up model (2011, 2016) of impoliteness triggers to classify impolite acts. The analysis shows that commenters engage in FTAs that are targeting the writers. The most frequent attack is the lack of balance, wholeness, fairness, and objectivity and the least frequent is being out of touch or having a lack of interaction with the audience. Commenters also employ both conventionalized and non-conventionalized impoliteness formulas in their face-attacks. Findings indicate that there are some distinctive features of Arabic impoliteness discourse, such as the use of colloquialisms, proverbs and idioms, religious expressions and interjections. The analysis also reveals that anonymity and asynchronicity are significant in accounting for the manifestation of impoliteness.
Gesundheits-Apps für Kinder und Jugendliche
Authors: Lampert Claudia , Scherenberg Viviane
Published: December 2019

Apps scheinen angesichts der hohen Verbreitung von Smartphones gerade mit Blick auf jüngere Zielgruppen eine attraktive Möglichkeit für die Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung zu sein. Auf Basis vorliegender Studien sowie eigener Analysen gibt der Beitrag einen Überblick über dieses spezifische, aber noch wenig untersuchte Angebotssegment und dessen Potenziale für die Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung.
Krebs im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Spix Claudia , Kaatsch Peter , Grabow Desiree
Published: December 2019

Krebs bei Kindern ist selten. Die 15-Jahresprognose ist mit 82% sehr gut. In Deutschland werden weitgehend alle Fälle am Deutschen Kinderkrebsregister erfasst, ca. 2100 Erkrankungen p.a. unter 18 Jahren. Häufige Diagnosen bei Kindern sind Leukämien, Lymphome und Hirntumore. Langzeitfolgen sind erkennbar an langfristig erhöhter Mortalität und einem erhöhten Risiko einer Folgekrebserkrankung. In der Kinderonkologie gibt es Bemühungen, eine systematische Langzeitnachsorge aufzubauen.
Maßnahmen der Nationalen Lenkungsgruppe Impfen (NaLI) zur Verbesserung der Impfquoten bei Kindern
Authors: Gottwald Eva , Milbradt Jens , Nennstiel Uta , Liebl Bernhard , Ludwig Maria-Sabine
Published: December 2019

Die Gesundheit von Kindern ist nicht nur eine individuelle, sondern auch eine gesamtgesellschaftliche Aufgabe, so bietet z.B. der Masern-Impfschutz des Kindes auch Schutz für die Gemeinschaft. Zur Förderung des Impfwesens wurde seit 2016 die Nationale Lenkungsgruppe Impfen (NaLI) etabliert, welche von Bund und Ländern getragen ist. Sie verfolgt u.a. durch vielfältige Maßnahmen die Ziele der Masern- und Rötelnelimination und der Verbesserung der Impfquoten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen.
Der Streit um die Targetsalden
Authors: Sinn Hans-Werner
Published: December 2019

Dieser Beitrag ist eine Replik auf die in den Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik geäußerte Kritik von Martin Hellwig an den Arbeiten von Clemens Fuest und Hans-Werner Sinn zur Target-Problematik. Er ist zugleich eine Replik auf Isabel Schnabel, die sich Hellwigs Analyse angeschlossen und sie zusammen mit ihm dem Deutschen Bundestag vorgetragen hat. Sinn widerspricht den zentralen Sachaussagen dieser Autoren. Er erläutert, warum Target- und Bargeldsalden öffentliche Kredite messen; wie den nationalen Notenbanken die Möglichkeit gegeben wurde, die Kapitalmärkte zu unterbieten; wie die fiskalischen und geldpolitischen Kredithilfen zur Rettung Griechenlands addiert werden können; warum es in Deutschland 2012 und 2013 kein Binnengeld mehr gab; wie und in welchem Sinne die Bundesbank im Quantitative-easing-Programm gezwungen war, durch den Aufbau von Targetforderungen an der Umschuldung anderer Staaten mitzuwirken; warum die Targetforderungen der Bundesbank grundsätzlich werthaltig sind und richtig verbucht werden; wodurch eine effektive Verzinsung der Target- und Bargeldsalden im Eurosystem zustande kommt, wie der Zinssatz zu berechnen ist, und warum es bei der Verzinsung einen (derzeit negativen) Zinseszinseffekt gibt; wieso Target- und Bargeldsalden beim Austritt eines Landes ein Verlustrisiko und vorher ein Drohpotenzial für Verhandlungen über eine Transferunion darstellen; und warum trotz eines formellen Haftungsausschlusses der Kollaps des Staats- und Finanzsystems eines Eurolandes im Umfang der Target- und Bargeldverbindlichkeiten auf den Rest des Eurosystems durchschlagen würde.
Complexity as L2-difficulty: Implications for syntactic change
Authors: Walkden George , Breitbarth Anne
Published: December 2019

Recent work has cast doubt on the idea that all languages are equally complex; however, the notion of syntactic complexity remains underexplored. Taking complexity to equate to difficulty of acquisition for late L2 acquirers, we propose an operationalization of syntactic complexity in terms of uninterpretable features. Trudgill’s sociolinguistic typology predicts that sociohistorical situations involving substantial late L2 acquisition should be conducive to simplification, i.e. loss of such features. We sketch a programme for investigating this prediction. In particular, we suggest that the loss of bipartite negation in the history of Low German and other languages indicates that it may be on the right track.
Development in Adolescent Middle-Distance Athletes: A Study of Training Loadings, Physical Qualities, and Competition Performance
Authors: Jones Thomas W. , Shillabeer Barry C. , Ryu Joong Hyun , Cardinale Marco
Published: December 2019

Jones, TW, Shillabeer, BC, Ryu, JH, and Cardinale, M. Development in adolescent middle-distance athletes: a study of training loadings, physical qualities, and competition performance. J Strength Cond Res 35(12S): S103–S110, 2021—The purpose of this study was to examine changes in running performance and physical qualities related to middle-distance performance over a training season. The study also examined relationships between training loading and changes in physical qualities as assessed by laboratory and field measures. Relationships between laboratory and field measures were also analyzed. This was a 9-month observational study of 10 highly trained adolescent middle-distance athletes. Training intensity distribution was similar over the observational period, whereas accumulated and mean distance and training time and accumulated load varied monthly. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) and large effect sizes (Cohen's d) (>0.80) were observed for improvements in: body mass (5.6%), 600-m (4.6%), 1,200-m (8.7%), and 1,800-m (6.1%) time trial performance, critical speed (7.1%), V̇o
2max (5.5%), running economy (10.1%), vertical stiffness (2.6%), reactive index (3.8%), and countermovement jump power output relative to body mass (7.9%). Improvements in 1,800 m TT performance were correlated with increases in V̇o
2max (r = 0.810, p = 0.015) and critical speed (r = 0.918, p = 0.001). Increases in V̇o
2max and critical speed were also correlated (r = 0.895, p = 0.003). Data presented here indicate that improvements in critical speed may be reflective of changes in aerobic capacity in adolescent middle-distance athletes.
Npas1+-Nkx2.1+Neurons Are an Integral Part of the Cortico-pallido-cortical Loop
Authors: Abecassis Zachary A. , Berceau Brianna L. , Win Phyo H. , García Daniela , Xenias Harry S. , Cui Qiaoling , Pamukcu Arin , Cherian Suraj , Hernández Vivian M. , Chon Uree , Lim Byung Kook , Kim Yongsoo , Justice Nicholas J. , Awatramani Raj , Hooks Bryan M. , Gerfen Charles R. , Boca Simina M. , Chan C. Savio
Published: December 2019

Within the basal ganglia circuit, the external globus pallidus (GPe) is critically involved in motor control. Aside from Foxp2+neurons and ChAT+neurons that have been established as unique neuron types, there is little consensus on the classification of GPe neurons. Properties of the remaining neuron types are poorly defined. In this study, we leverage new mouse lines, viral tools, and molecular markers to better define GPe neuron subtypes. We found that Sox6 represents a novel, defining marker for GPe neuron subtypes. Lhx6+neurons that lack the expression of Sox6 were devoid of both parvalbumin and Npas1. This result confirms previous assertions of the existence of a unique Lhx6+population. Neurons that arise from the Dbx1+lineage were similarly abundant in the GPe and displayed a heterogeneous makeup. Importantly, tracing experiments revealed that Npas1+-Nkx2.1+neurons represent the principal noncholinergic, cortically-projecting neurons. In other words, they form the pallido-cortical arm of the cortico-pallido-cortical loop. Our data further show that pyramidal-tract neurons in the cortex collateralized within the GPe, forming a closed-loop system between the two brain structures. Overall, our findings reconcile some of the discrepancies that arose from differences in techniques or the reliance on preexisting tools. Although spatial distribution and electrophysiological properties of GPe neurons reaffirm the diversification of GPe subtypes, statistical analyses strongly support the notion that these neuron subtypes can be categorized under the two principal neuron classes: PV+neurons and Npas1+neurons.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe poor understanding of the neuronal composition in the external globus pallidus (GPe) undermines our ability to interrogate its precise behavioral and disease involvements. In this study, 12 different genetic crosses were used, hundreds of neurons were electrophysiologically characterized, and >100,000 neurons were histologically- and/or anatomically-profiled. Our current study further establishes the segregation of GPe neuron classes and illustrates the complexity of GPe neurons in adult mice. Our results support the idea that Npas1+–Nkx2.1+neurons are a distinct GPe neuron subclass. By providing a detailed analysis of the organization of the cortico-pallidal-cortical projection, our findings establish the cellular and circuit substrates that can be important for motor function and dysfunction.
Functional Connectivity between the Cerebellum and Somatosensory Areas Implements the Attenuation of Self-Generated Touch
Authors: Kilteni Konstantina , Ehrsson H. Henrik
Published: December 2019

Since the early 1970s, numerous behavioral studies have shown that self-generated touch feels less intense and less ticklish than the same touch applied externally. Computational motor control theories have suggested that cerebellar internal models predict the somatosensory consequences of our movements and that these predictions attenuate the perception of the actual touch. Despite this influential theoretical framework, little is known about the neural basis of this predictive attenuation. This is due to the limited number of neuroimaging studies, the presence of conflicting results about the role and the location of cerebellar activity, and the lack of behavioral measures accompanying the neural findings. Here, we combined psychophysics with fMRI to detect the neural processes underlying somatosensory attenuation in male and female healthy human participants. Activity in bilateral secondary somatosensory areas was attenuated when the touch was presented during a self-generated movement (self-generated touch) than in the absence of movement (external touch). An additional attenuation effect was observed in the cerebellum that is ipsilateral to the passive limb receiving the touch. Importantly, we further found that the degree of functional connectivity between the ipsilateral cerebellum and the contralateral primary and bilateral secondary somatosensory areas was linearly and positively related to the degree of behaviorally assessed attenuation; that is, the more participants perceptually attenuated their self-generated touches, the stronger this corticocerebellar coupling. Collectively, these results suggest that the ipsilateral cerebellum is fundamental in predicting self-generated touch and that this structure implements somatosensory attenuation via its functional connectivity with somatosensory areas.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen we touch our hand with the other, the resulting sensation feels less intense than when another person or a machine touches our hand with the same intensity. Early computational motor control theories have proposed that the cerebellum predicts and cancels the sensory consequences of our movements; however, the neural correlates of this cancelation remain unknown. By means of fMRI, we show that the more participants attenuate the perception of their self-generated touch, the stronger the functional connectivity between the cerebellum and the somatosensory cortical areas. This provides conclusive evidence about the role of the cerebellum in predicting the sensory feedback of our movements and in attenuating the associated percepts via its connections to early somatosensory areas.
Genome Assembly and Analysis of the North American Mountain Goat (Oreamnos americanus) Reveals Species-Level Responses to Extreme Environments
Authors: Martchenko Daria , Chikhi Rayan , Shafer Aaron B A
Published: December 2019

The North American mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus) is an iconic alpine species that faces stressors from climate change, industrial development, and recreational activities. This species’ phylogenetic position within the Caprinae lineage has not been resolved and their phylogeographic history is dynamic and controversial. Genomic data could be used to address these questions and provide valuable insights to conservation and management initiatives. We sequenced short-read genomic libraries constructed from a DNA sample of a 2.5-year-old female mountain goat at 80X coverage. We improved the short-read assembly by generating Chicago library data and scaffolding using the HiRise approach. The final assembly was 2,506 Mbp in length with an N50 of 66.6 Mbp, which is within the length range and in the upper quartile for N50 published ungulate genome assemblies. Comparative analysis identified 84 gene families unique to the mountain goat. The species demographic history in terms of effective population size generally mirrored climatic trends over the past one hundred thousand years and showed a sharp decline during the last glacial maximum. This genome assembly will provide a reference basis for future population and comparative genomic analyses.
De Novo Genome Assembly of Populus simonii Further Supports That Populus simonii and Populus trichocarpa Belong to Different Sections
Authors: Wu Hainan , Yao Dan , Chen Yuhua , Yang Wenguo , Zhao Wei , Gao Hua , Tong Chunfa
Published: December 2019

Populus simonii is an important tree in the genus Populus, widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and having a long cultivation history. Although this species has ecologically and economically important values, its genome sequence is currently not available, hindering the development of new varieties with wider adaptive and commercial traits. Here, we report a chromosome-level genome assembly of P. simonii using PacBio long-read sequencing data aided by Illumina paired-end reads and related genetic linkage maps. The assembly is 441.38 Mb in length and contain 686 contigs with a contig N50 of 1.94 Mb. With the linkage maps, 336 contigs were successfully anchored into 19 pseudochromosomes, accounting for 90.2% of the assembled genome size. Genomic integrity assessment showed that 1,347 (97.9%) of the 1,375 genes conserved among all embryophytes can be found in the P. simonii assembly. Genomic repeat analysis revealed that 41.47% of the P. simonii genome is composed of repetitive elements, of which 40.17% contained interspersed repeats. A total of 45,459 genes were predicted from the P. simonii genome sequence and 39,833 (87.6%) of the genes were annotated with one or more related functions. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that P. simonii and Populus trichocarpa should be placed in different sections, contrary to the previous classification according to morphology. The genome assembly not only provides an important genetic resource for the comparative and functional genomics of different Populus species, but also furnishes one of the closest reference sequences for identifying genomic variants in an F1 hybrid population derived by crossing P. simonii with other Populus species.
Herausforderungen und Chancen von Startups bei der Erstfinanzierung
Authors: Lontzek Bastian , McIntosh Verena
Published: December 2019

Der Artikel beschreibt Herausforderungen und Chancen von Startups bei der Suche nach einem ersten Kapitalgeber. Anschließend werden Chancen zur Bewältigung der Herausforderungen eröffnet.
Public Corporate Governance im öffentlichen Rundfunk
Authors: Besselmann Peter , Kötzle Alfred
Published: December 2019

Zunehmend wird nicht nur in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur, sondern auch in der politischen Diskussion die Reformierung der Leitungs- und Überwachungsstrukturen öffentlicher Unternehmungen im Sinne einer guten Corporate Governance gefordert. Im Gegensatz zu privatwirtschaftlichen gilt bei diesen Unternehmungen, dass nicht Gewinnmaximierung Hauptzweck ist, sondern die Erfüllung des vorgegebenen öffentlichen Auftrags. Somit muss das Steuerungssystem konsequent an diesem Auftrag ausgerichtet werden.
Der Markt für Hörbücher
Authors: Friederichs Thomas , Hass Berthold H.
Published: December 2019

Seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre steigt auch in Deutschland der Verkauf von Hörbüchern stetig an. Die wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit diesem Medium steht hingegen noch am Anfang. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über den Markt für Hörbücher. Dazu werden zunächst eine Begriffsabgrenzung dieses Mediums vorgestellt und wesentliche Erscheinungsformen präsentiert. Anschließend werden Marktstruktur und Marketingstrategien analysiert. Zuletzt wird der immer wichtiger werdende nicht-physische Vertrieb von Hörbüchern per Download über das Internet betrachtet.