bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribution Study on Cab Noise Source of Construction Machinery
Authors: Zhang Jing Tao , Zhou Yi Qi
Published: February 2017

NVH control in construction machinery is multi-disciplinary, comprehensive and complex. In order to achieve noise and vibration control, it is necessary to identify the main noise sources, vibration sources and the corresponding characteristics. To establish a relationship between the machine vibration with the noise sources of an excavator cab, the ICA (independent component analysis) method is employed to separate the multi-channel noise signals into statistically independent components, then utilize time-frequency analysis and correlation analysis to determine the distinct independent noise sources. By introducing energy calculation factor and the mixing matrix A, the contribution corresponding to each noise source can be obtained, which can be utilized to determine the main noise sources. Then by introducing simulation, the correction of the contribution can be verified. By analysis and simulation validation, the effectiveness of our proposed method is demonstrated. Finally, the main noise source is found. Our proposed method can offer an effective guidance to the practical engineering.
Drift Concentration of a Three-Story Special Concentrically Braced Frame with Strongback under Earthquake Loading
Authors: Chen Chui Hsin , Tsai I Jung , Tang Yao
Published: February 2017

In conventional special concentrically braced frame (SCBF) structures, the buckling of the braces leads to severe reduction in system strength and stiffness. Therefore soft story mechanisms followed by large permanent deformation are commonly observed in SCBF structures. The strongback system using additional structural components along the height of the building to resist local deformation is able to improve the distribution of the drift. This research conducted case studies to investigate the effects of strength and stiffness of the strongback system on the behavior of typical three-story SCBF system. The primary variables to be investigated are stiffness factor α (strongback stiffness/SCBF stiffness) and strength factor β (strongback strength/SCBF strength). We conducted nonlinear dynamic analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of α and β on structural demand parameters including maximum drift ratio and drift concentration factor (DCF). Analyses results show that although strongback system with excessively high α and β will reduce maximum drift ratio and DCF of SCBF systems, it is noneconomic. On the other hand, strongback systems with low α and β (α<0.0048 and β<0.054) have only little effects on improving structural behavior. The case studies suggested that 0.0096≤α≤0.0168 and 0.081≤β≤0.134 accounting for both efficiency and economics can be used in the design of the selected SCBF systems.
Numerical Studies on Buckling and Post-Buckling of Composite Sandwich Columns with Face/Core Debond under Axial Compression
Authors: Chen Yue , Zhu Xi , Zhu Zi Xu , Li Hua Dong
Published: February 2017

Numerical studies of buckling failure and debond propagation were carried out on composite sandwich columns with face/core debond. Nonlinear simulations with cohesive elements were carried out by Abaqus 6.14 to predict the buckling modes and debond propagation in sandwich composite columns. For specimens with embedded circular face/core debond, the debond propagated in the interface along the direction which was perpendicular to the compression direction until the through-the-width debond was formed. After that, the face/core debond propagated along the compression direction just as these specimens with through -the-width rectangle debond. Comparisons of the experimental and simulated ultimate loads associated with failure modes showed a good agreement. The maximum error of ultimate load was 10.61%, which proved that the model was capable of predicting accurate buckling loads and post-buckling behaviors.
A Correlation Analysis Model of Fault Location of Distribution System Based on RS-IA Data Mining
Authors: Xu Zhang You , Su Yi Fang , Zhang Pan , Ge Rong Gang , Chi Fu Jian , Liu Cong , Yu Shu Yan , Ge Lei Jiao
Published: February 2017

Fault location is an effective way to ensure quickly power recovery after a failure in power distribution system. Bad operation environment of FTU, damaged elements or lost information usually cause variations in fault information for correlation analysis in fault location of power distribution system. A data mining (DM) correlation analysis model based on rough sets (RS) theory and immune algorithm (IA) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, using RS theory to extract domain knowledge, a set of the given variant fault pattern is converted into a decision table in RS. Secondly, an attribute reduction of the decision table is made by using the IA theory, and the intrinsic correlation rules between input vector (condition attribute) and output vector (decision attribute) are mined. Then, the data mining method is used to deal with the distortion of FTU real-time input information. According to the current limit information sequence of section switches, line fault states in each section are judged to realize the fault location in power distribution network. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the fault location model of distribution network based on RS-IA data mining model is verified by simulation.
Calvin’s modification of Augustine’s doctrine of original sin
Authors: Vorster N.
Published: February 2017

Augustine was Calvin’s main source of reference in the “Insti- tutes”. However, his treatment of Augustine’s views was not uncritical. This article discusses the way in which Calvin modi- fied Augustine’s doctrine of original sin. The main differences can be attributed to different theological aims. Augustine deve- loped his doctrine of original sin against the teachings of the Manicheans and Pelagians, whereas Calvin shifted the focus to knowledge of God and the self. Calvin understood original sin noetically as religious and moral blindness – whereas Augus- tine viewed sexual concupiscence as the main principle of original sin. Augustine made a considerable effort to explain that sin does not find its origin in God. God foresaw the fall, but did not compel it. Calvin located sin in God’s eternal decree and permission. Augustine, furthermore, understood the transmis- sion of original sin biologically, whereas Calvin ascribed it to God’s eternal permissive will. These differences culminated in a different understanding of the meaning of Jesus’ virgin birth. The article concludes by discussing the relevance of Calvin’s noetic approach to original sin.
Calvin as an exegete of Scripture: a few remarks with reference to Calvin research in general
Authors: D’Assonville V. E.
Published: February 2017

Calvin did not start his famous vocation as an interpreter of Scripture with Scripture itself. After a thorough training in interpreting classical literature as a philologist, he made his debut before turning 23, with a highly respected commentary on Seneca’s “De Clementia”. His focus shifted to Scripture shortly thereafter. Certain features of his exegetical approach as part of his “Word of God theology” can thus be observed, especially as they relate to his use of the concept of “doctrina”. His exegesis used not only the principle of “sola Scriptura” as point of departure, but also the principle of “tota Scriptura”, i.e. to take the whole of Scripture into account when expositing a certain biblical text. For Calvin the original intention of the writer of a particular (Bible) book is of crucial importance. The exegesis should be done using a sound theological-methodological, historical-grammatical method. Knowledge of the original lang- uages of Scripture is therefore a prerequisite for any exegesis. In his exegesis Calvin emphasises the point that Scripture as the Word of God and the Holy Spirit cannot be separated. As the truth is simple, Calvin avoids any traces of allegory in his exegetical activities and aims to keep his exegesis and ex- position of Scripture simple, brief, clear and understandable – exegesis should always exhibit the quality of clarity and brevity. In all exegesis, Scripture as the Word of God should be accepted as the final authority on any issue, not the church as institute.
Preemptive Caudal Ropivacaine: An Effective Analgesic during Degenerative Lumbar Spine Surgery
Authors: Kumar Shashwat , Palaniappan Jagannath Manickam , Kishan Anantha
Published: February 2017

Study Design

This was a prospective, randomized, controlled trial comprising 60 patients undergoing lumbosacral spine (noninstrumentation/nonfusion) surgery.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 0.2% ropivacaine (20 mL) administered alone as a single, preoperative, caudal epidural block injection versus that of intravenous analgesics in providing effective postoperative analgesia to patients undergoing lumbosacral spine surgery.

Overview of Literature

Various studies have shown the effectiveness of a caudal epidural injection (bupivacaine or ropivacaine) in providing postoperative analgesia in combination with steroids or other analgesics. This study uniquely analyzed the efficacy of a single injection of caudal epidural ropivacaine in providing postoperative pain relief.

Methods

Sixty patients who were scheduled to undergo surgery for degenerative lumbar spine disease (noninstrumentation/nonfusion) were consecutively divided into two groups, group R (Study) and group I (Control). 30 group R patients received a caudal epidural block with 20 mL of 0.2% ropivacaine after the administration of general anesthesia. 30 group I patients received no preoperative analgesia. Intravenous analgesics were administered during the postoperative period after a complaint of pain. Various parameters indicating analgesic effect were recorded.

Results

There was a significant delay in the average time to the first demand for rescue analgesia in the study group, suggesting significantly better postoperative pain relief than that in the control group. In comparison with the control group, the study group also showed earlier ambulation with minimal adverse effects. The requirement for intraoperative fentanyl was higher in the control group than that in the study group.

Conclusions

Preemptive analgesia with a single epidural injection of ropivacaine is a safe, simple, and effective approach, providing better postoperative pain relief, facilitating early mobilization, and decreasing the intraoperative requirement for opioid administration.
Patient Reported Outcomes from Sacroiliac Joint Fusion
Authors: Kancherla Vamsi K. , McGowan Shane M. , Audley Brittany N. , Sokunbi Gbolabo , Puccio Steven T.
Published: February 2017

Study Design

Retrospective, case series.

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to determine morbidity, complications, and patient reported outcomes from minimally invasive sacroiliac joint (SIJ) fusion.

Overview of Literature

Lumbar back pain emanating from the SIJ can be surgically treated via a percutaneous approach in the appropriately selected patient with minimal morbidity and acceptable functional outcomes.

Methods

Patients diagnosed by >2 physical examination maneuvers and subjective relief from a computed tomography–guided lidocaine-bupivacaine-steroid injection underwent SIJ fusion after failing conservative management with a combination of oral anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, and pelvic belt stabilization. Perioperative data collected include estimated blood loss (EBL) and operative time. Oswestry disability index, 12-item short form health survey (SF-12), visual analogue score, and functional status were analyzed. All complications were noted.

Results

The study cohort of 45 cases (69% female) achieved postoperative survey follow-up at 9.9 and 32.3 months. SF-12 physical component summary statistically improved while all other scores were equivalent. Mean EBL and operative time were 22 mL and 36 minutes, respectively. Initial survey showed that 64% of patients discontinued narcotics (29/45), 71% do not use an assistive device (32/45), and 15.6% do not work due to pain (7/45). 73% of patients stated they would have the surgery again (33/45). For the second survey, 65% of patients discontinued narcotics (26/40), 70% did not use an assistive device (28/40), and 17.5% did not work due to pain (7/40). A history of thoracolumbar instrumentation (16/45) did not significantly affect outcomes. Three complications described by screw malposition with neurologic deficit (6.7%) were treated with screw repositioning (1 case) and removal of a single superior implant (2 cases) with time to revision of 2.2 months. All three ultimately had resolution of radicular pain.

Conclusions

Percutaneous SIJ fusion offers minimal morbidity and acceptable functional outcomes. While women and those with a prior history of lumbar instrumentation may be at increased risk of having SIJ dysfunction requiring surgical intervention, it was not found to affect postoperative functional outcomes when compared to the non-instrumented group.
Assessment of Integrated Watershed Health based on Natural Environment, Hydrology, Water Quality, and Aquatic Ecology
Authors: Ahn So Ra , Kim Seong Joon
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Watershed health, including the natural environment, hydrology, water quality, and aquatic ecology, was assessed for the Han River basin (34 148 km2) in South Korea using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The evaluation procedures followed those of the Healthy Watersheds Assessment by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). To evaluate watershed health (basin natural capacity), 6 components of the watershed landscape were examined: stream geomorphology, hydrology, water quality, aquatic habitat condition, and biological condition. In particular, for the hydrology and water quality components, the SWAT was applied for the study basin with 237 sub-watersheds (within a standard watershed on the Korea Hydrologic Unit Map) and including three multipurpose dams, one hydroelectric dam, and three multifunction weirs. The SWAT was calibrated (2005–2009) and validated (2010–2014) using each dam and weir operation, the flux tower evapotranspiration, TDR soil moisture, and groundwater level data for the hydrology assessment and using sediment, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen data for the water quality assessment. The water balance considering the surface–groundwater interactions and the variation in stream water quality were quantified according to the sub-watershed-scale relationship between the watershed hydrologic cycle and stream water quality. We assessed the integrated watershed health according to the U.S. EPA evaluation process based on the vulnerability levels of the natural environment, water resources, water quality, and ecosystem components. The results suggest that approaches aimed at simultaneously improving the water quality, hydrology, and aquatic ecology conditions may be necessary to improve integrated watershed health.
The importance of accurate glacier albedo for estimates of surface
mass balance on Vatnajökull: Evaluating the surface energy budget
in a Regional Climate Model with automatic weather station
observations
Authors: Schmidt Louise Steffensen , Aðalgeirsdóttir Guðfinna , Guðmundsson Sverrir , Langen Peter L. , Pálsson Finnur , Mottram Ruth , Gascoin Simon , Björnsson Helgi
Published: February 2017

Abstract. A simulation of the surface climate of Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland, made with the Regional Climate Model HIRHAM5 for the period 1980–2014, is used to estimate the evolution of the glacier mass balance. A new snow albedo parametrization is used for the simulation that describes the albedo with an exponential decay with time and is surface temperature dependant. The albedo scheme utilizes a new background map of the ice albedo created from observed MODIS data. The simulation is evaluated against observed daily values of weather parameters from five Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs) from 2001–2014, as well as in situ mass balance measurements from 1994–2014. The model simulates the observed parameters well at the station sites, albeit with a general underestimation of the net radiation. This is due to an underestimation of the incoming radiation and a general overestimation of the albedo. The average modelled albedo is overestimated in the ablation zone, which we attribute to an overestimation of the thickness of the snow layer and not taking dirt and volcanic ash deposition during dust storms and volcanic eruptions into account. A comparison with the specific summer, winter, and net mass balance for all of Vatnajökull from 1994–2014 shows a good overall fit during the summer, with the model underestimating the balance by only 0.04 m w.eq. on average, but a too large winter balance due to an overestimation of the precipitation at the highest areas of the ice cap. The average overestimation of the winter balance is 0.5 m w.eq., but a simple correction of the accumulation at the highest points of the glacier reduces this to 0.15 m w.eq. The model captures the evolution of the specific mass balance well, for example capturing a shift in the balance in the mid-1990s, which gives us confidence in the results for the entire model run. The model is therefore used to provide an estimate of the evolution of the specific surface mass balance of Vatnajökull from 1981, and we show the importance of bare glacier ice albedo to modelled mass balance and that processes not currently accounted for in RCMs, such as dust storms, are an important source of uncertainty in estimates of snow melt rate.
Améry's Duress
Authors: Bernstein Jeffrey
Published: February 2017

If truth hurts, this is no doubt because it is often enough forced on us. And the question as to whether the reception of “nice,” “easy” truths is similarly an outcome of coercion negates itself in its very formulation—we do not ask “why are things the way they are?” from a feeling of comfort; the plaintiff cry of “how, then, shall we live?” does not come to us out of a sense of security. Indeed, insofar as truth overtakes us and interrupts the conventions of our lives, it occurs to us quite apart from our ordinary desires and wants. We are thus faced with a paradox: what claim can truth make on a being that “doesn’t need it and doesn’t care about it—since it doesn’t at all concern his needs”? When one considers that the awareness of truth is indexed to lived experience, the paradox is only heightened.
Agromorphological Performance and Character Association of Finger Millet under Varying Phosphorus Regimes
Authors: Nelson Wekha Wafula , Kibet Korir Nicholas , Siambi Moses , Ojulong Henry F. , Gweyi-Onyango Joseph P.
Published: February 2017

Finger millet production on more than 30% of world arable land is limited by P availability and more than 70% in the semi-arid and marginalized areas which covers most of the Sub-Saharan Africa. Phosphorus is one of the most important elements significantly affecting plant growth and metabolism. Three finger millet varieties (U-15, P-224 and Ikhulule) were evaluated under four P fertilizer levels (0, 12.5, 25 and 37.5 kg ha-1 P2O5) at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Station, Alupe and the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization Station, Kakamega during the long and short rainy seasons of 2015 with the aim of determining their agromorphological response and trait associations. The on-station experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design in factorial arrangement with three replications. The statistical analysis of phosphorus levels and variety exhibited significant differences (P<0.05) to stand vigor, plant height, leaf blade length, number of leaves and lodging. The results revealed that application of 25 kg ha-1 P2O5 rate led to the tallest plants (65.0 cm), longest leaf blades (58.0 cm) and highest number of leaves per plant (16) at Alupe site while 37.5 kg ha-1 P2O5 rate eliciting the tallest plants (58.79 cm), longest leaf blades (51.44 cm) and highest number of leaves per plant (13) at Kakamega site. The highest rate led to the greatest vigor in both sites for both seasons while the control had the poorest vigor. Variety P-224 showed the highest lodging count with 32 out of 246 plants per experimental unit during the rainy season at Kakamega. The unit increase in grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with increased values of the harvest index (r=0.375), number of leaves (r=0.393) and plant height (r=0.431) but negatively and significantly correlated to the 1000-grain mass (r=-0.578) and lodging (r=-0.233). The best phosphorus treatment for most of the parameters was 25 kg ha-1 P2O5 at Alupe while maximum levels of the study parameters were realized under the 37.5 kg ha-1 P2O5 rate at Kakamega.
Choroidal Neovascularization and Coincident Perforating Scleral Vessels in Pathologic Myopia
Authors: Giuffrè Chiara , Querques Lea , Carnevali Adriano , De Vitis Luigi A. , Bandello Francesco , Querques Giuseppe
Published: February 2017

Purpose

To describe the coincidence of perforating scleral vessels and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in pathologic myopia.

Methods

Medical records and multimodal imaging were reviewed from patients with CNV secondary to pathologic myopia who presented to the Medical Retina and Imaging Unit of San Raffaele Hospital in Milan between October 2015 and March 2016. Main outcomes were the prevalence of coincident perforating scleral vessels and overlying CNV and association between perforating scleral vessels and CNV position within the macula and neovascular activity.

Results

Forty-one eyes of 39 patients (6 male, 33 female, mean age 63.7 ± 14.1 years) with CNV secondary to pathologic myopia were included in the study. Scleral perforating vessels (average number of perforating vessels per eye 2.1 ± 1.0) were found in 29 out of 41 eyes (70.7%) at the site of CNV. There was no association between presence of perforating vessels and neovascular activity or CNV position.

Conclusions

Perforating scleral vessels are often coincident with myopic CNV. We hypothesize that scleral vessels located beneath myopic CNV can play a role in neovascular development.
Effect of Thiolated Glycosaminoglycans on the Behavior of Breast Cancer Cells: Toward the Development of in vitro Models of Cancer
Authors: Köwitsch Alexander , Chhalotre Ankur , Groth Thomas
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The influence of extracellular matrix components like glycosaminoglycans (GAG) or adhesive proteins on the migration of cancer cells and the progression of tumorigenesis remains a challenging task. Therefore, this study aims to give insight into the interaction of cancer cells exhibiting different metastatic potential (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468) with surface immobilized GAG interacting with serum proteins like fibronectin.

Methods

Model substrata were covalently coated with different thiolated GAG (hyaluronan (HA), chondroitin sulfate (CS), heparin (Hep)) and investigated for the adsorption of fibronectin (FN) with surface plasmon resonance. Then, adhesion of breast cancer cells in the presence of and without serum proteins was studied. Further, the outgrow behavior of confluent cancer cells was examined with the help of cell migration chambers and single-cell migration with time-lapse microscopy.

Results

FN adsorption revealed that the Hep-coated surfaces were able to adsorb significantly more protein than CS and HA. Generally, initial adhesion of breast cancer cells on GAG-coated substrata was inhibited for HA- and CS-coated substrata in the presence of serum proteins for both cell lines in comparison to serum-free conditions. The cell size was also significantly decreased by the influence of serum proteins. The outgrow studies clearly confirmed the different migration speed of both cancer cells while single-cell migration was particularly enhanced on HA-coated surfaces.

Conclusions

The results reveal that adsorption of serum proteins (e.g. albumin) possess an inhibiting effect on the adhesion of breast cancer cells and that single-cell migration is enhanced for both breast cancer cell lines on HA.
The Pathobiology and Treatment of Hodgkin Lymphoma. Where do We go from Gianni Bonadonna's Lesson?
Authors: Viviani Simonetta , Tabanelli Valentina , Pileri Stefano A.
Published: February 2017

This article reviews the evolution of the diagnosis and treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) since its discovery in 1832. The morphological, phenotypic and molecular characteristics of both nodular lymphocyte-predominant HL and classical HL are revised in the light of recent molecular information and possible impact on the identification of risk groups as well as the use of targeted therapies. The seminal contribution of Gianni Bonadonna to developing new treatment strategies for both advanced and early-stage HL is highlighted.
Students’ Perceptions on Studying Accounting Information System Course
Authors: Wong Helen , Wong Raymond
Published: February 2017

Information technology improves our lives and changes the business world. Business transactions and activities can now be handled by the computer system efficiently and effectively, and make the financial information quickly available for decision makers. Learning accounting information system becomes essential in nowadays study. Not only academic study at schools, professional bodies also require members to have knowledge in accounting information system. To understand the perceptions of students on the course of accounting information system, this study investigate their perceptions on ease of use, usefulness and acceptance. It provides insights to academics on planning the course of accounting information system for the students.
The Causal Link between Financial Sector and Economic Development: The Case of Kazakhstan
Authors: Katenova Maya , Gissy William , Syzdykov Zhanat
Published: February 2017

This study empirically explores the causal relationship between financial depth and economic growth in Kazakhstan. The specific objective of this study is to investigate whether the causality direction between financial depth and economic growth in Kazakhstan does in fact apply. With this aim, the data from 20 banks operating between 2006 and 2015 was used. This data was obtained from the National Bank of Kazakhstan Statistical Bulletin. Quarterly observations are collected in aggregate form during 1Q 2006 – 4Q 2015 for GDP in level and stock market index value, and individual observations from the 20 largest banks during 1Q 2006 – 4Q 2015 for total lending volume in level in percent point, and total deposit volume in level. These quarterly data are employed in the panel study framework. The results of the study show that banks’ lending significantly strongly affects economic growth in Kazakhstan. At the same time, GDP also significantly strongly affects banks’ lending. Therefore, there is mutual causality between banks’ lending and the economy (Gross Domestic Product) in Kazakhstan. Both the economy and the financial sector do affect each other positively and significantly.
Lift-off Test Results After Lesser Tuberosity Osteotomy Versus Subscapularis Peel in Primary Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Shafritz Adam B. , Fitzgerald Michael G. , Beynnon Bruce D. , DeSarno Michael J.
Published: February 2017

Background:

The ideal method for management of the subscapularis tendon during anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) remains controversial.

Methods:

In a retrospective cohort study, primary anatomic TSA procedures performed with either a subscapularis peel or a lesser tuberosity osteotomy from 2002 to 2010 were reviewed at a minimum 1-year follow-up. The primary outcome measure was the performance of a normal lift-off test postoperatively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine if other covariates besides surgical technique correlated with an abnormal lift-off test result.

Results:

Ninety TSA procedures were evaluated. Forty-six procedures were performed with subscapularis peel, and 44 were performed with lesser tuberosity osteotomy. Mean follow-up was 4 years. In the subscapularis peel group, 32 of 46 shoulders (69.6%) had a normal lift-off test, compared with 40 of 44 shoulders (90.9%) in the lesser tuberosity osteotomy group (P = 0.01). The results of multivariate logistic regression suggested that lesser tuberosity osteotomy was associated with a normal postoperative lift-off test 4.5 times more often than was subscapularis peel.

Conclusions:

Our study suggests that the use of lesser tuberosity osteotomy as the surgical approach for anatomic TSA is a reliable option that provides the patient with a better chance of maintaining subscapularis function postoperatively than the subscapularis peel does.

Level of Evidence:

Level III retrospective cohort study
A Study of Verbal Humor in Sitcom The Big Bang Theory from the Perspective of Memetics
Authors: Bao Xiaoli
Published: February 2017

Verbal humor has always been in hot discussion in the academic field recently. The Big Bang Theory is a popular American sitcoms. The show is primarily centered on five characters living in Pasadena, California. The greekiness and intellect of the four men are contrasted for comic effect with Penny’s social skills and common sense. On the basis of the previous study, this thesis tries to analyze verbal humor in sitcom The Big Bang Theory from the perspective of Memetics. Firstly, the article introduces the general definition and features of verbal humor, and gives us a general overview of the memetic theory. Secondly, the article concentrates on the causes of humor generation and the process of humor generation from perspective of memetics. Lastly, the author hopes this article can help us to appreciate verbal humor in English sitcoms.
Addis Ababa Urbanism: Indigenous Urban Legacies and Contemporary Challenges
Authors: Givental Elena
Published: February 2017

Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, has been experiencing rapid urbanization as the entire country has transformed into an emerging market economy featuring a spectacular average ten percent GDP growth rate over the last ten years. However, this economic growth has not provided a poverty elimination momentum for the city where over half of its residents still live in slum areas and over thirty percent are unemployed or involved in informal economic activity. This paper examines the factors behind Addis Ababa’s inhibited urban progress focusing on urban legacies stemming from the city’s one-hundred-thirty years of independent development as well as on the present-day economic challenges. The empirical evidence suggests that there is a correlation between Addis Ababa’s inadequate investment in urban housing and infrastructure and Ethiopia’s low levels of foreign direct investment. Further analysis indicates that the country’s service-driven growth model of development may be contributing to overurbanization and poverty production in Addis Ababa.
Subjetividade na cidade: uma análise da modernidade na obra poética de Mário Quintana
Authors: Alves Priscila Viana , Miranda Elis De Araújo
Published: February 2017

O artigo discute a cidade no advento da modernidade e o fenômeno da rua como espaço privilegiado de constituição do lugar. Na cidade moderna a experiência foi abolida pela lógica mercadológica do capitalismo, deste modo não há tempo para vivenciar o espaço urbano e fazer deste um lugar. Assim, a arte, sobremodo a literatura, consiste em um poderoso meio para a experimentação do espaço, o que será evidenciado na obra poética de Mário Quintana.
Genotyping Applications for Transplantation and Transfusion Management: The Emory Experience
Authors: Fasano Ross M. , Sullivan Harold Cliff , Bray Robert A. , Gebel Howard M. , Meyer Erin K. , Winkler Annie M. , Josephson Cassandra D. , Stowell Sean R. , (Sandy) Duncan Alexander , Roback John D.
Published: February 2017

Current genotyping methodologies for transplantation and transfusion management employ multiplex systems that allow for simultaneous detection of multiple HLA antigens, human platelet antigens, and red blood cell (RBC) antigens. The development of high-resolution, molecular HLA typing has led to improved outcomes in unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplants by better identifying compatible alleles of the HLA-A, B, C, DRB1, and DQB1 antigens. In solid organ transplantation, the combination of high-resolution HLA typing with solid-phase antibody identification has proven of value for highly sensitized patients and has significantly reduced incompatible crossmatches at the time of organ allocation. This database-driven, combined HLA antigen/antibody testing has enabled routine implementation of “virtual crossmatching” and may even obviate the need for physical crossmatching. In addition, DNA-based testing for RBC antigens provides an alternative typing method that mitigates many of the limitations of hemagglutination-based phenotyping. Although RBC genotyping has utility in various transfusion settings, it has arguably been most useful for minimizing alloimmunization in the management of transfusion-dependent patients with sickle cell disease or thalassemia. The availability of high-throughput RBC genotyping for both individuals and large populations of donors, along with coordinated informatics systems to compare patients' antigen profiles with available antigen-negative and/or rare blood-typed donors, holds promise for improving the efficiency, reliability, and extent of RBC matching for this population.
ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN TRADE OPERATIONS OF RASINA DISTRICT IN THE PERIOD 2011-2015
Authors: Stojković Aleksandar , Tomić Zoran
Published: February 2017

For every country is highly important relationship with foreign countries, as a very significant part of the economic activity of each country. In the modern world no country, regardless of their development potential and conditions is self-sufficient, especially in the economy and economic development. This certainly applies to all administrative units within the country. Foreign trade operations are circulation of goods and services between commercial-legal entities whose headquarters are located in territories of different countries. The overall foreign trade consists of imports and exports together. As the title indicated, this paper deals with the analysis of foreign trade activities of Rasina District in the last five years. Rasina District is located in the central part of Serbia. District consists of the municipalities of Trstenik, Aleksandrovac, Brus, Ćićevac, Varvarin and the City of Kruševac. According to available data of the Regional Chamber of Commerce Kruševac, total foreign trade of Rasina District for 2015. amounts to 355,5 million dollars which represents a decrease of 16,2% compared to 2011. (424,2 million dollars). In Rasina District in 2015. there was a surplus of 38,08 million dollars, while the coverage of import by export in this period amounted to 123,9%.
US Water Regulations and India's Water Challenges
Authors: Ahmad Rasheed
Published: February 2017

India's current population is 1.3 billion, almost one‐fifth of the world's population. The economy of India is the seventh‐largest in the world (on the basis of nominal gross domestic product) and the third‐largest (by purchasing power parity). India's economy grew at a rate of 7.6% in 2015 ‐ 2016 and is expected to grow 8.0% in 2016 ‐ 2017. Despite this economic growth, India is facing water resource challenges such as cleaning its water bodies, providing safe drinking water, protecting public health, and reversing declining groundwater levels. Many of these water issues are similar to what the United States encountered several decades ago.
That is Just the Way it was …
Authors: Lafrance David B.
Published: February 2017

LaFrance discusses AWWA staff members' recent trip to Maine to provide Envision accreditation training to the staff of several utilities. Envision is a tool made available by the Institute for Sustainable Infrastructure (ISI), and it provides guidance on how to plan, design, and construct sustainable infrastructure projects. In 2012 AWWA became a charter member of ISI, and is the only charter member association that specifically serves the water sector.
Text Summarisation: From Human Activity to Computer Program. The Problem of Tacit Knowledge
Authors: Dahl Trine
Published: February 2017

In this article I discuss whether the human activity of text summarisation can be successfully simulated in a computer. In order to write a computer program that produces high-quality summaries it becomes necessary to specify the cognitive pro-cesses involved when humans summarise text. As texts can be summarised in many different ways, evaluation of summaries becomes an important aspect in the discussion. The article discusses relevant factors in such an evaluation process. It turns out that humans when summarising texts make use of knowledge which is not readily open to scrutiny; it is tacit knowledge. This makes it very difficult to produce computer-generated summaries which are as good as those produced by skilled humans. New developments within artificial intelligence, relying on network processing techniques, may offer solutions to the problem of dealing with tacit knowledge. At present, accept-able computer summaries may be generated by programs combining accessible human knowledge of the summarisation process and knowledge about text.
Economic Investigation of a Public Transport Support Policy: A Case Study at Budapest
Authors: Zefreh Mohammad Maghrour , Meszaros Ferenc , Junevičius Raimundas , Torok Adam
Published: February 2017

This paper analyses the effect of supporting the public transport policy based on intersection controlling with the aim of tram priority in Budapest, as a case study. The hypothesis related to this study was that the support of public transport is only viable when the marginal benefit of public transport is higher than the marginal cost of individual transport. Therefore, the real costs of this support for the society were estimated. This study revealed that by applying this policy, the waiting time at intersections and CO2 emission-related costs have increased by about 13.7% and 14.2%, respectively. Besides, the estimated monetary gain of tram users would be 17,800 euro on a daily level total by applying the mentioned policy.
Seismic tomography of the North Anatolian Fault: New insights into structural heterogeneity along a continental strike‐slip fault
Authors: Papaleo Elvira , Cornwell David G. , Rawlinson Nicholas
Published: February 2017

Knowledge of the structure of continental strike‐slip faults within the lithosphere is essential to understand where the deformation occurs and how strain localizes with depth. With the aim to improve the constraints on the lower crust and upper mantle structure of a major continental strike‐slip fault, we present a high‐resolution teleseismic tomography of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) in Turkey. Our results highlight the presence of a relatively high velocity body between the two branches of the fault and significant along‐strike variations in the NAFZ velocity structure over distances of ∼20 km. We interpret these findings as evidence of laterally variable strain focussing caused by preexisting heterogeneity. Low velocities observed in the crust and upper mantle beneath the NAFZ support the presence of a narrow shear zone widening in the upper mantle, where we constrain its width to be ∼50 km.
n‐Type Doped Conjugated Polymer for Nonvolatile Memory
Authors: Lee Wen‐Ya , Wu Hung‐Chin , Lu Chien , Naab Benjamin D. , Chen Wen‐Chang , Bao Zhenan
Published: February 2017

This study demonstrates a facile way to efficiently induce strong memory behavior from common p‐type conjugated polymers by adding n‐type dopant 2‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,3‐dimethyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzoimidazole. The n‐type doped p‐channel conjugated polymers not only enhance n‐type charge transport characteristics of the polymers, but also facilitate to storage charges and cause reversible bistable (ON and OFF states) switching upon application of gate bias. The n‐type doped memory shows a large memory window of up to 47 V with an on/off current ratio larger than 10 000. The charge retention time can maintain over 100 000 s. Similar memory behaviors are also observed in other common semiconducting polymers such as poly(3‐hexyl thiophene) and poly[2,5‐bis(3‐tetradecylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene], and a high mobility donor–acceptor polymer, poly(isoindigo‐bithiophene). In summary, these observations suggest that this approach is a general method to induce memory behavior in conjugated polymers. To the best of the knowledge, this is the first report for p‐type polymer memory achieved using n‐type charge‐transfer doping.
A Reconfigurable Active Huygens' Metalens
Authors: Chen Ke , Feng Yijun , Monticone Francesco , Zhao Junming , Zhu Bo , Jiang Tian , Zhang Lei , Kim Yongjune , Ding Xumin , Zhang Shuang , Alù Andrea , Qiu Cheng‐Wei
Published: February 2017

Metasurfaces enable a new paradigm to control electromagnetic waves by manipulating subwavelength artificial structures within just a fraction of wavelength. Despite the rapid growth, simultaneously achieving low‐dimensionality, high transmission efficiency, real‐time continuous reconfigurability, and a wide variety of reprogrammable functions is still very challenging, forcing researchers to realize just one or few of the aforementioned features in one design. This study reports a subwavelength reconfigurable Huygens' metasurface realized by loading it with controllable active elements. The proposed design provides a unified solution to the aforementioned challenges of real‐time local reconfigurability of efficient Huygens' metasurfaces. As one exemplary demonstration, a reconfigurable metalens at the microwave frequencies is experimentally realized, which, to the best of the knowledge, demonstrates for the first time that multiple and complex focal spots can be controlled simultaneously at distinct spatial positions and reprogrammable in any desired fashion, with fast response time and high efficiency. The presented active Huygens' metalens may offer unprecedented potentials for real‐time, fast, and sophisticated electromagnetic wave manipulation such as dynamic holography, focusing, beam shaping/steering, imaging, and active emission control.
Direct Writing of Flexible Barium Titanate/Polydimethylsiloxane 3D Photonic Crystals with Mechanically Tunable Terahertz Properties
Authors: Zhu Pengfei , Yang Weiyi , Wang Rong , Gao Shuang , Li Bo , Li Qi
Published: February 2017

Mechanically flexible 3D terahertz photonic crystals (3D‐TPCs) are created by the direct‐writing technology with a composite ink system composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles. The direct‐writing technology allows an easy creation of complex 3D structures with designed geometry, while the refractive indices of the composite ink can be modulated by varying the content of BaTiO3 nanoparticles. Thus, 3D‐TPCs with different terahertz properties are obtained by the direct‐writing technology. More interestingly, these 3D‐TPCs demonstrate a unique tunable terahertz property under external force field due to their mechanical flexibility from the PDMS matrix of the composite ink. Thus, their terahertz property is responsive to external force fields reversibly, which can find novel applications in terahertz technology and other related technological applications.
Brief Report: The Euro‐Lupus Low‐Dose Intravenous Cyclophosphamide Regimen Does Not Impact the Ovarian Reserve, as Measured by Serum Levels of Anti–Müllerian Hormone
Authors: Tamirou Farah , Husson Séverine Nieuwland , Gruson Damien , Debiève Frédéric , Lauwerys Bernard R. , Houssiau Frédéric A.
Published: February 2017

Objective

The Euro‐Lupus regimen of low‐dose intravenous cyclophosphamide (IV CYC) (cumulative dose of 3 gm) was developed to reduce gonadal toxicity. To address the possibility of a marginal effect on the ovarian reserve, we measured serum titers of anti–Müllerian hormone (AMH) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treated with the Euro‐Lupus regimen and compared them with those measured in patients who were treated with higher doses of IV CYC or were never treated with IV CYC.

Methods

Serum AMH levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in a cohort of 155 premenopausal SLE patients; 30 of these patients had been treated with the Euro‐Lupus regimen, and 24 had received higher doses of IV CYC. None had received oral CYC. AMH levels were age‐adjusted using a slope computed from levels measured across the group of SLE patients who had not been treated with IV CYC. Demographic and clinical data were collected.

Results

Serum titers of AMH measured in SLE patients treated with the Euro‐Lupus IV CYC regimen (median dose 1.46 ng/ml) did not differ from those measured in patients never treated with the cytotoxic drug (median 1.85 ng/ml). As expected, patients given >6 gm of IV CYC had significantly lower serum titers of AMH (median 0.83 ng/ml) compared with those never treated with IV CYC (P = 0.047). Median serum AMH titers did not change before (1.24 ng/ml) and after (2.50 ng/ml) treatment with the Euro‐Lupus IV CYC regimen in the subset of patients for whom paired samples could be tested (P = 0.43).

Conclusion

The Euro‐Lupus regimen of low‐dose IV CYC does not impact the ovarian reserve of SLE patients and can therefore be proposed as treatment in patients seeking to become pregnant.
Ampelopsin protects endothelial cells from hyperglycemia‐induced oxidative damage by inducing autophagy via the AMPK signaling pathway
Authors: Liang Xinyu , Zhang Ting , Shi Linying , Kang Chao , Wan Jing , Zhou Yong , Zhu Jundong , Mi Mantian
Published: February 2017

Diabetic angiopathy is a major diabetes‐specific complication that often begins with endothelial dysfunction induced by hyperglycemia; however, the pathological mechanisms of this progression remain unclear. Ampelopsin is a natural flavonol that has strong antioxidant activity, but little information is available regarding its antidiabetic effect. This study focused on the effect of ampelopsin on hyperglycemia‐induced oxidative damage and the underlying mechanism of this effect in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We found that hyperglycemia impaired autophagy in HUVECs through the inhibition of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), which directly led to endothelial cell damage. Ampelopsin significantly attenuated the detrimental effect of hyperglycemia‐induced cell dysfunction in a concentration‐dependent manner in HUVECs. Ampelopsin significantly upregulated LC3‐II, Beclin1, and Atg5 protein levels but downregulated p62 protein levels in HUVECs. Transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy indicated that ampelopsin notably induced autophagosomes and LC3‐II dots, respectively. Additionally, the autophagy‐specific inhibitor 3‐MA, as well as Atg5 and Beclin1 siRNA pretreatment, markedly attenuated ampelopsin‐induced autophagy, which subsequently abolished the protective effect of ampelopsin against hyperglycemia in HUVECs. Moreover, ampelopsin also increased AMPK activity and inhibited mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) complex activation. Ampelopsin‐induced autophagy was attenuated by the AMPK antagonist compound C but strengthened by the AMPK agonist AICAR (5‐minoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide ribonucleotide). Furthermore, AMPK siRNA transfection eliminated ampelopsin's alleviation of cell injury induced by hyperglycemia. The protective effect of ampelopsin against hyperglycemia‐induced cell damage, which functions by targeting autophagy via AMPK activation, makes it a promising pharmacological treatment for type‐2 diabetes. © 2015 BioFactors, 41(6):463–475, 2015