bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ritual, Power, and Pageantry
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Điểu
Published: September 2016

Colonization should be examined not as a one-way process in which the colonizer unequivocally subdues the colonized but as a fluid phenomenon whereby the so-called subjugated peoples selectively adopt and adapt those elements that best fit their sociocultural traditions. Vietnam in the throes of France's nineteenth-century conquest is an illustrative case. This deeply ritualistic monarchical state was profoundly affected by the imposition of French Republican rituals (Fête de l'Empereur, Quatorze Juillet) that effectively desacralized the Son of Heaven, rendering him a mere mortal, a puppet no longer worthy of devotion. However, the Vietnamese state and people did not merely submit to changes imposed by the French but selectively adopted certain features of the new framework while rejecting its political message. They integrated the Western-imported rituals, which were subsequently transformed into newly invented traditions that would aid them in their struggle for independence and nationhood.

Le phénomène de colonisation ne doit pas être compris comme un carcan immuable de subjugation mais comme une manifestation mouvante dans laquelle les peuples colonisés entreprennent eux-mêmes d'intégrer au sein de leurs propres pratiques socioculturelles certaines des mesures coloniales en rejetant toutefois leur message politique. Tel fut le cas du Vietnam, objet de la conquête française au dix-neuvième siècle. La longue tradition rituelle confucéenne de cet état monarchique fut bouleversée par l'imposition d'une politique française de rites issus de la Troisième République qui mit fin à l'aura sacrée du Fils du Ciel. C'est ainsi que furent célébrées en grande pompe des fêtes comme celles du 14 juillet, de Jeanne d'Arc, et cetera, mais qui en s'enracinant en terre asiatique, furent métamorphosées au fil des jours en de nouvelles « traditions » indigènes. Toute empreinte coloniale oubliée, elles vont servir à renforcer la quête de l'indépendance et la formulation d'un Etat-nation moderne.
Adam Harvey's “Anti-Drone” Wear in Three Sites of Opacity
Authors: Rhee Jennifer
Published: September 2016

This essay examines the relationship between surveillance and opacity through artist Adam Harvey's “Anti-Drone” wear, clothing that evades drone surveillance and is part of his Stealth Wear (2013) project. Through an engagement with opacity, the author argues that “Anti-Drone” wear's various appeals to concealment and partial visibility raise critical questions about surveillance logics, technologies, and practices and their appeals to fantasies of total seeing and knowing. This essay is organized into three parts, and each part places Harvey's countersurveillance works in conversation with theorists who challenge what it means to see and be visible. The first site of opacity, engaging Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's examination of paranoid and reparative reading, asks about the limits of paranoid thinking as a response to the contemporary surveillance situation. The second site of opacity shifts discussions of seeing and knowing toward situatedness, partiality, and the limits of the Western gaze; this section draws on Donna Haraway's interventions into debates about objectivity and Chandra Talpade Mohanty's critique of the colonial gaze in some Western feminist scholarship. The third site of opacity, which examines Harvey's “Anti-Drone” wear in light of “the fog of war,” invokes Noel Sharkey and Lucy Suchman's recent call to end the production of autonomous armed machines. Throughout these three sites of opacity, Harvey's work opens up a response to surveillance that inhabits and embraces opacity.
Precarious-Girl Comedy: Issa Rae, Lena Dunham, and Abjection Aesthetics
Authors: Wanzo Rebecca
Published: September 2016

Issa Rae's web series The Misadventures of Awkward Black Girl (2011–13), initially posted on YouTube, and Lena Dunham's Girls (HBO, 2012–) are examples of the precarious-girl comedy in the new millennium. These sitcoms depict women experiencing a prolonged girlhood produced not only by the greater economic insecurity that middle-class women have been facing post–Great Recession but also by a variety social factors that generate feelings of immobilization and isolation. Abjection is often a principal sign of these characters' precarity—they inhabit spaces where they often recoil from others and vice versa, and their constant association with that which is considered gross (like dirt, vomit, and feces) is habitually a sign of what emotional and economic insecurity has wrought. However, race makes a critical difference in the treatment of abjection in these two shows. While Girls is a study in the classic psychoanalytic account of abjection, often depicting its protagonist as a dehumanized object full of disappointed drives, The Misadventures of Awkward Black Girl humorously blends the historical weight of black abjection with other kinds of abjection, so that the abjection its protagonist uses to define herself is not one determined by the history of white supremacy. These programs hinge on immobility as a mode of being. Depicting female subjects who will never entirely escape abjection, these shows also highlight racial and class-based differences in the embrace of not only this twenty-first-century form of comedy but also in modes of self-fashioning in neoliberal times.
Mytilus galloprovincialis as a smart micro-pump
Authors: Uslu Fazil E. , Pekkan Kerem
Published: September 2016

Hydrodynamic performance of the marine mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, is studied with time-resolved particle image velocimetry. We evaluated inhalant flow, exhalant jet flow, suction performance and flow control capabilities of the mussels quantitatively. Inhalant flow structures of mussels are measured at the coronal plane for the first time in literature. Nutrient fluid is convected into the mussel by three-dimensional sink flow. Inhalant velocity reaches its highest magnitude inside the mussel mantle while it is accelerating outward from the mussels. We calculated pressure gradient at the coronal plane. As inhalant flow approaches the mussel shell tip, suction force generated by the inhalant flow increases and becomes significant at the shell tip. Likewise, exhalant jet flow regimes were studied for 17 mussels. Mussels can control their exhalant jet flow structure from a single potential core region to double potential core region or vice versa. Peak exhalant jet velocity generated by the mussels changes between 2.77 cm s−1 and 11.1 cm s−1 as a function of mussel cavity volume. Measurements of hydrodynamic dissipation at the sagittal plane revealed no interaction between the inhalant and exhalant jet flow, indicating energy-efficient synchronized pumping mechanism. This efficient pumping mechanism is associated with the flow-turning angle between inhalant and exhalant jet flows, ∼90° (s.d. 12°).
TGFβ and FGF promote tendon progenitor fate and act downstream of muscle contraction to regulate tendon differentiation during chick limb development
Authors: Havis Emmanuelle , Bonnin Marie-Ange , Esteves de Lima Joana , Charvet Benjamin , Milet Cécile , Duprez Delphine
Published: September 2016

The molecular programme underlying tendon development has not been fully identified. Interactions with components of the musculoskeletal system are important for limb tendon formation. Limb tendons initiate their development independently of muscles; however, muscles are required for further tendon differentiation. We show that both FGF/ERK MAPK and TGFβ/SMAD2/3 signalling pathways are required and sufficient for SCX expression in chick undifferentiated limb cells, whereas the FGF/ERK MAPK pathway inhibits Scx expression in mouse undifferentiated limb mesodermal cells. During differentiation, muscle contraction is required to maintain SCX, TNMD and THBS2 expression in chick limbs. The activities of FGF/ERK MAPK and TGFβ/SMAD2/3 signalling pathways are decreased in tendons under immobilisation conditions. Application of FGF4 or TGFβ2 ligands prevents SCX downregulation in immobilised limbs. TGFβ2 but not FGF4 prevent TNMD and THBS2 downregulation under immobilisation conditions. We did not identify any intracellular crosstalk between both signalling pathways in their positive effect on SCX expression. Independently of each other, both FGF and TGFβ promote tendon commitment of limb mesodermal cells and act downstream of mechanical forces to regulate tendon differentiation during chick limb development.
Chirality and RS-Stereogenicity as Two Kinds of Handedness. Their Aufheben by Fujita’s Stereoisogram Approach for Giving New Insights into Classification of Isomers
Authors: Fujita Shinsaku
Published: September 2016

Chirality under point-group symmetry and RS-stereogenicity under RS-permutation-group symmetry are discussed from a viewpoint of two kinds of handedness, which are proposed on the basis of whether or not ligand reflections are taken into consideration. After the additional formulation of sclerality under ligand-reflection-group symmetry, the three groups are integrated to generate RS-stereoisomeric groups, which are represented by stereoisograms as diagrammatic expressions. The vertical direction of a stereoisogram is concerned with (self-)enantiomeric relationships or chirality/achirality for supporting Le Bel’s way, while the horizontal direction is concerned with (self-)RS-diastereomeric relationships or RS-stereogenicity/RS-astereogenicity for supporting van’t Hoff’s way. By taking account of the diagonal direction for characterizing (self-)holantimeric relationships or sclerality/asclerality, the two kinds of handedness (chirality and RS-stereogenicity) are integrated to develop the concept of RS-stereoisomerism, which is an intermediate concept for mediating between enantiomerism and stereoisomerism. The creation of RS-stereoisomerism as an intermediate concept means the Aufheben of van’t Hoff’s way and Le Bel’s way. Thereby, Fujita’s stereoisogram approach has brought about a paradigm shift, so that modern stereochemistry has been restructured substantially on the basis of mathematical formulations, where true remedies for the misleading terminology of modern stereochemistry have been developed in a rational fashion. In particular, the hierarchy of isomers and stereoisomers has been thoroughly revised by adding RS-stereoisomerism, so as to develop a new flowchart based on equivalence relationships and equivalence classes, as exemplified by using various skeletons as probes.
How leukocytes trigger opening and sealing of gaps in the endothelial barrier
Authors: Goswami Debashree , Vestweber Dietmar
Published: September 2016

The entry of leukocytes into tissues requires well-coordinated interactions between the immune cells and endothelial cells which form the inner lining of blood vessels. The molecular basis for recognition, capture, and adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelial apical surface is well studied. This review will focus on recent advances in our understanding of events following the firm interaction of leukocytes with the inner surface of the blood vessel wall. We will discuss how leukocytes initiate the transmigration (diapedesis) process, trigger the opening of gaps in the endothelial barrier, and eventually move through this boundary.
Epidemiology, virulence factors and management of the pneumococcus
Authors: Feldman Charles , Anderson Ronald
Published: September 2016

Pneumococcal infections continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients throughout the world. This microorganism remains the most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia and is associated with a considerable burden of disease and health-care costs in both developed and developing countries. Emerging antibiotic resistance has been a concern because of its potential negative impact on the outcome of patients who receive standard antibiotic therapy. However, there have been substantial changes in the epidemiology of this pathogen in recent years, not least of which has been due to the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in children, with subsequent herd protection in unvaccinated adults and children. Furthermore, much recent research has led to a better understanding of the virulence factors of this pathogen and their role in the pathogenesis of severe pneumococcal disease, including the cardiac complications, as well as the potential role of adjunctive therapy in the management of severely ill cases. This review will describe recent advances in our understanding of the epidemiology, virulence factors, and management of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia.
Female genital mutilation: what do we know so far?
Authors: Siddig Israa
Published: September 2016

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a practice that is now familiar to UK health professionals. It continues to be a problem in high-risk populations and affects girls and women throughout their lives. Complications related to FGM are poorly reported and documented. Health professionals, therefore, must be aware of the adverse effects and how they affect obstetric, gynaecological and sexual function and general quality of life. They must also be sensitive towards the psychological and emotional issues relating to FGM. Sociocultural barriers make research and data-collection difficult in a cohort of women who prefer not to discuss or disclose such intimate issues. New guidelines on the management of health consequences in FGM have been published, but evidence is of poor quality
Using health psychology to help patients: theories of behaviour change
Authors: Barley Elizabeth , Lawson Victoria
Published: September 2016

Behaviour change theories and related research evidence highlight the complexity of making and sticking to health-related behaviour changes. These theories make explicit factors that influence behaviour change, such as health beliefs, past behaviour, intention, social influences, perceived control and the context of the behaviour. Nurses can use this information to understand why a particular patient may find making recommended health behaviour changes difficult and to determine factors that may help them. This article outlines five well-established theories of behaviour change: the health belief model, the theory of planned behaviour, the stages of change model, self-determination theory, and temporal self-regulation theory. The evidence for interventions that are informed by these theories is then explored and appraised. The extent and quality of evidence varies depending on the type of behaviour and patients targeted, but evidence from randomised controlled trials indicates that interventions informed by theory can result in behaviour change.
Offering our thanks to the land
Authors: Neville Sarah
Published: September 2016

The government has asked early years settings to promote British values; these lend themselves to activities that will help children understand and celebrate the harvest.
E is for everything to do with Ears…
Authors: Hammond Paula , Lillie Stephen
Published: September 2016

This month, we continue our series that takes the form of an extended alphabetical adventure around the body, helping children to get to know themselves a little better.
Treasure in the basket
Authors: Martland Rebecca
Published: September 2016

Elinor Goldschmeid observed babies' fascination with handling natural materials and objects, and how these held their attention for long periods, leading to a powerful resource.
A question of what grows where
Authors: Ward Sue
Published: September 2016

In the fourth of a series of extracts from The Early Years Gardening Handbook by Sue Ward (Practical Pre-School Books) we look at the crucial decision – what to grow!
Differentiating between red legs and cellulitis
Authors: Salmon Michelle
Published: September 2016

Red legs is a chronic inflammatory condition often misdiagnosed as cellulitis, writes Michelle Salmon
Using Landsat-8 Imagery Data on Mapping of The Seagrass Distribution in Matahari Island, Pulau Banyak District, Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Purnawan Syahrul , Aulia Fauzan , Khairuman Teuku
Published: September 2016

The objective of the present study was to gathers information about the seagrass distribution area using the remote sensing that retrieved from Landsat-8. Analysis of Landsat-8 image is classified into 6 classes; seagrass, coral reefs, sand, sea, and cloud. The agreement between processed image of seagrass bed and ground truth reference was 70%. The seagrass ecosystem is well distributed along the Matahari Island, with the total area approximately 44.0123 Ha.
The Spatial Distribution of Bed Sediment on Fluvial System: A Mini Review of the Aceh Meandering River
Authors: Irham Muhammad
Published: September 2016

Dynamic interactions of hydrological and geomorphological processes in the fluvial system result in accumulated deposit on the bed because the capacity to carry sediment has been exceeded. The bed load of the Aceh fluvial system is primarily generated by mechanical weathering resulting in boulders, pebbles, and sand, which roll or bounce along the river bed forming temporary deposits as bars on the insides of meander bends, as a result of a loss of transport energy in the system. This dynamic controls the style and range of deposits in the Aceh River. This study focuses on the spatial distribution of bed-load transport of the Aceh River. Understanding the spatial distribution of deposits facilitates the reconstruction of the changes in controlling factors during accumulation of deposits. One of the methods can be done by sieve analysis of sediment, where the method illuminates the distribution of sediment changes associated with channel morphology under different flow regimes. Hence, the purpose of this mini review is to investigate how the sediment along the river meander spatially dispersed. The results demonstrate that channel deposits in the Aceh River are formed from four different type of materials: pebble deposited along upstream left bank; sand located on the upstream, downstream, and along meander belts; and silt and clay located along the cut bank of meander bends. Because of different depositional pattern, the distribution of the sediment along the river can be used as a surrogate to identify bank stability, as well as to predict critical geometry for meander bend initiation
The Visigothic society and its Cemeteries
Authors: Leitão Francisco
Published: September 2016

The archeological evidence left by the Visigothic cemeteries can prove to be a significant piece of information for abetter analysis of the society that lived in Early Medieval Hispania. The main purpose of this essay is precisely to understand what kind of conclusions, if any, can be extracted from them.
A first idea stating that the places of the dead reflect the society of the living is not a new one but a second, sustaining that the habitats of the living and the places of the dead were always in a close relation might be less obvious even if fairly consensual. Springing from a very practical need of dealing with the dead bodies, human societies had and have to find answers and procedures which will, inevitably, reflect their anxieties, beliefs and hopes.
Early Medieval Hispania could not be any different. However, it is unclear if we can understand those cultural attitudes from the little evidence at our disposition for this was a period of great instability and striking contradictions, where different peoples and cultures were in a complex process of mutual contact and influence.
One knows from the start that, due to this great complexity and to the scarcity of sources available, it will not be possible to reach solid conclusions about the mentalities of the time. This essay, however, will attempt to understand if, from the archeological evidence left by the cemeteries, ideas can be developed about Identity and Power in the Visigothic society.
As despesas da reconstrução da fortaleza de Diu em 1546-1547
Authors: Jesus Roger Lee de
Published: September 2016

Entre Abril e Novembro de 1546, a fortaleza portuguesa de Diu sofreu um forte cerco às mãos do sultanato do Guzerate, oito anos após ter sido cercada pela primeira vez pelas mesmas forças apoiadas por um contingente otomano. A artilharia inimiga arrasou sucessivamente as muralhas, deixando o forte num estado tal que impedia o seu simples restauro. A reconstrução desta fortaleza (conforme o novo tipo de fortificação abaluartada) estendeu-se de Novembro de 1546 a Abril do ano seguinte, criando o bastião que finalmente firmaria a presença portuguesa na região. Este artigo pretende analisar, num primeiro momento, as despesas efectuadas com as obras, como sejam os pagamentos dos mantimentos e do serviço levado a cabo por pedreiros, cabouqueiros, carpinteiros e outros trabalhadores contratados pela Coroa para esse fim, e, numa segunda fase, os meios usados para financiar estes custos. Baseamos o nosso discurso não apenas nas diversas crónicas respeitantes a esse periodo, mas sobretudo nos registos das despesas efectuadas conservados no Códice 51-VII-19 da Biblioteca da Ajuda, contendo certidões, listas de pagamentos e, não menos importante, o Caderno das despesas que se fizeram em obras na fortaleza de Diu, datado de Julho de 1547 e aqui publicado na íntegra. Este estudo pretende demonstrar que os custos tidos em conta não pesaram na estrutura financeira do Estado da Índia.
Notas para a história da Biblioteca Pública de Ponta Delgada
Authors: Silva Susana Serpa
Published: September 2016

Entre os diferentes equipamentos culturais de uma localidade, as Bibliotecas Públicas desempenharam, desde o século XVIII, um relevante papel de cariz educativo e civilizacional. Abertas para servir um público vasto e diversificado, estas instituições, que se multiplicaram em Portugal ao longo do século XIX, tornaram-se importantes símbolos do progresso sociocultural e urbano mesmo quando enfrentavam dificuldades orçamentais ou logísticas. Foi o caso da Biblioteca Pública de Ponta Delgada que tendo sido fundada em 1841, só foi inaugurada cinco anos depois. Os seus responsáveis lutaram com inúmeras vicissitudes que, todavia, lograram paulatinamente ultrapassar, permitindo a manutenção do seu funcionamento até aos nossos dias. Uma vez que esta instituição não tem merecido a devida atenção por parte de académicos e estudiosos, pretende-se, com este artigo, dar um pequeno contributo para a história da Biblioteca Pública de Ponta Delgada, considerando o seu funcionamento enquanto instituição e o seu desempenho a nível cultural e social.
Santos e Santidade. O período medieval
Authors: Costa Bruno Abreu
Published: September 2016

A presente notícia assume-se como uma síntese bibliográfica subordinada à temática da santidade, mormente no período medieval e no espaço ibérico. Dessa forma, procura mostrar, em traços gerais, uma definição dos conceitos de "santo" e de "santidade'', apresentando variados modelos de santidade e as suas principais características. Numa segunda parte, é focado o culto ao santo, expondo diversas teorias sobre as suas origens e algumas modalidades praticadas.
Les études sur les fragments de manuscrits en Espagne. Bilan et considérations diverses
Authors: Alturo Jesús
Published: September 2016

Neste artigo é feito o estudo do contributo de fragmentos de códices para a história do livro e da cultura escrita, em geral. Identificam-se causas distintas para a destruição de antigos códices. Problematiza-se a génese, em Espanha, do interesse cultural pelos fragmentos de códices e faz-se o levantamento de estudos e das tendências metodológicas mais importantes assim como se tecem algunas considerações sobre projetos de investigação em curso nesta área. Enfantiza-se a necessidade da sua recuperação e estudo, em bibliotecas e arquivos, tanto públicos como privados, assim como se apresentam algunas sugestões sobre as maneiras mais convenientes de apresentar esses estudos.
"Estas cousas Señora filha vos peço e encomemdo": A imagem de consorte na família real portuguesa a partir das instruções de D. Manuel para D. Beatriz (1504-1538)
Authors: Silva João Eusébio
Published: September 2016

Em Agosto de 1521 a armada que transportava D. Beatriz de Portugal, duquesa de Saboia, zarpava do Tejo rumo a Nice. A bordo seguia a filha de D. Manuel de Portugal com um numeroso e representativo séquito e dote, exemplo do que a coroa portuguesa tinha de melhor em luxo e aparato. Este era de resto um dos mecanismos utilizados por D. Manuel I na afirmação do seu poder: a utilização dos símbolos e das imagens em tomo da família real como forma de afirmação política e social da coroa. Seguindo esta linha de pensamento havia o monarca Português escrito as suas Instrucções para a sua filha que agora casava, documento ímpar na análise do modelo de consorte régia no século XVI, para lá daquele que nos é dado pela cronística e pelos tratadístas. A partir desta preciosa fonte escrita pelo rei de Portugal do que se esperava de uma princesa, juntamente com apontamentos da vida desta infanta de Portugal e da sua mãe, D. Maria de Aragão, rainha de Portugal, pode-se reconstruir as linhas que ditavam a conduta de vida destas mulheres tão próximas dos centros de poder, mas que surgem por diversas vezes como meras "sombras" na história.
Determinação da concentração de metais traço em sedimentos do estuário do rio Maracaípe – PE/BRASIL
Authors: Coimbra Camila Dias , Carvalho Glauber , Philippini Hélida , Silva Manoely França de Melo , Neiva Ericarlos
Published: September 2016

A região de Maracaípe localizada no litoral sul de Pernambuco vem sofrendo um intenso processo de urbanização dos seus ecossistemas costeiros e transformações socioambientais pautadas no crescimento do turismo como principal atividade econômica. Apesar de ser uma área de grande importância social, econômica e ambiental, a região estuarina de Maracaípe tem sido pouco estudada, o que representa um estímulo para a realização do estudo. Coletas foram realizadas nos períodos seco (Dezembro/2011, Outubro/2012 e Novembro/2012) e chuvoso (Julho/2011, Agosto/2011, Abril/2012, Maio/2012, Julho/2012 e Agosto/2012), em três estações e nas margens direita e esquerda de cada estação,  tendo sido avaliados in loco os parâmetros hidrológicos como pH, salinidade, transparência, temperatura e oxigênio dissolvido através de Sonda Multiparamétrica modelo YSI6600 V2-4 e comparados com a Resolução CONAMA nº 357/2005. Os sedimentos foram coletados a 10 cm de profuncidade, com espátula de acrílico, secos à temperatura ambiente, destorroados e peneirados em malha com abertura de 60 micra, para posterior determinação do teor de matéria orgânica e concentração dos metais traço (Cromo (Cr), Manganês (Mn), Ferro (Fe), Níquel (Ni), Cobre (Cu), Zinco (Zn), Cádmio (Cd) e Chumbo (Pb)). Para quantificação de metais traço nas amostras foi utilizado um Espectrômetro de Emissão Ótica em Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado (ICP-OES). Os resultados dos parâmetros hidrológicos foram comparados à limites definidos pela resolução CONAMA 357/2004, e as concentrações de metais foram avaliadas levando-se em consideração limites definidos pelo Conselho Canadense dos Ministros de Meio Ambiente (CCME) para Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu e Zn, pela Agência Americana de Proteção ao Meio Ambiente (EPA) para Fe, além de background na Estação Rádio Pina para Mn. Os resultados indicaram que o rio Maracaípe possui teor de oxigênio dissolvido abaixo do limite legal aceitável com exceção da estação 1. As concentrações de metais encontradas evidenciam a presença de Cd e Pb acima dos limites máximos estabelecidos pelo CCME e de Fe acima do limite máximo definido pela EPA. As concentrações de metais encontradas evidenciam a presença de Cd (7,4 ± 1,5 mg.kg-1) e Pb (358 ± 63 mg.kg-1) acima dos limites máximos estabelecidos pelo CCME, quais sejam, 3,5 mg.kg-1 e 91,3 mg.kg-1, respectivamente, e de Fe (30.534 ± 7057 mg.kg-1) acima do limite máximo definido pela EPA (17.000 mg.kg-1). Os resultados encontrados (água e sedimento) foram cruzados utilizando-se o programa estatístico The Unscrambler 9.2, evidenciando correlação entre os parâmetros avaliados. Concluiu-se que os sedimentos da estação 3 são mais contaminados do que os das demais estações analisadas. As concentrações de metais traço acima do permitido por legislação sugerem continuidade no monitoramento da área estudada.
Aspherics in spectacle lenses
Authors: Dürsteler Juan Carlos
Published: September 2016

A review of the use of aspherics in the last decades, understood in a broad sense as encompassing single-vision lenses with conicoid surfaces and free-form and progressive addition lenses (PALs) as well, is provided. The appearance of conicoid surfaces to correct aphakia and later to provide thinner and more aesthetically appealing plus lenses and the introduction of PALs and free-form surfaces have shaped the advances in spectacle lenses in the last three decades. This document basically considers the main target optical aberrations, the idiosyncrasy of single lenses for correction of refractive errors and the restrictions and particularities of PAL design and their links to science vision and perception.
Dynamic Garment Simulation based on Hybrid Bounding Volume Hierarchy
Authors: Zhu Dongyong , Li Zhong , Xia Feng , Xu Yong
Published: September 2016

In order to solve the computing speed and efficiency problem of existing dynamic clothing simulation, this paper presents a dynamic garment simulation based on a hybrid bounding volume hierarchy. It firstly uses MCASG graph theory to do the primary segmentation for a given three-dimensional human body model. And then it applies K-means cluster to do the secondary segmentation to collect the human body’s upper arms, lower arms, upper legs, lower legs, trunk, hip and woman’s chest as the elementary units of dynamic clothing simulation. According to different shapes of these elementary units, it chooses the closest and most efficient hybrid bounding box to specify these units, such as cylinder bounding box and elliptic cylinder bounding box. During the process of constructing these bounding boxes, it uses the least squares method and slices of the human body to get the related parameters. This approach makes it possible to use the least amount of bounding boxes to create close collision detection regions for the appearance of the human body. A spring-mass model based on a triangular mesh of the clothing model is finally constructed for dynamic simulation. The simulation result shows the feasibility and superiority of the method described.
Semantic interoperability in IoT-based automation infrastructures
Authors: Herzog Reinhard , Jacoby Michael , Podnar Žarko Ivana
Published: September 2016

The paper analyses and compares the different approaches to achieve semantic interoperability of the most influential IoT
reference architectures, namely the Industrial Internet Reference Architecture, Reference Architecture Model
Industrie 4.0, ISO/IEC Internet of Things Reference Architecture, the Internet of Things – Architecture (IoT-A) and
oneM2M functional architecture.
IIoT in vehicle assembly
Authors: Gewohn Marco , Grimm Björn
Published: September 2016

The article reflects the results of a research with view on the transformation to a smart assembly line with the use of
IIoT in car manufacturing. It considers requirements on IIoT for an industrial use and for a use within the vehicle
assembly. Furthermore, it shows a set of technologies for an IIoT design for the collaboration of human, machine and
system. Then, the network of the system engineering with AutomationML and the relation to the production process is
described.
Measurement of Social Innovation at Organisation’s Level: Theoretical Issues
Authors: Dainienė Rasa , Dagilienė Lina
Published: September 2016

The paper presents theoretical issues of social innovation measurement due to its multidimensional context. The purpose of this paper is to review the theoretical background on the topic of social innovation concept and TBL approach and to propose the conceptual model for measuring the value of social innovation at an organisation’s level.

The proposed measurement process for social innovation consists of four stages, which cover selection and implementation of the social innovation, identification of the scope of the social innovation, measurement and calculation of the consolidated index. Indicators for measurement value of social innovation are applied using the TBL approach. The conceptual model could be applied as a methodology for measuring value of social innovation.
Hybrid nanocomposites based on poly aryl ether ketone, boron carbide and multi walled carbon nanotubes: evaluation of tensile, dynamic mechanical and thermal degradation properties
Authors: Remanan Manu , Rao Rebbapragada Subba , Bhowmik Shantanu , Varshney Lalit , Abraham Mathew , Jayanarayanan Karingamanna
Published: September 2016

In this study an attempt has been made to incorporate a radiation resistant filler like boron carbide (B4C) nanopowder along with multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in a high performance polymer namely poly aryl ether ketone (PAEK) for potential applications in the nuclear industry. The dispersion of nanofillers in PAEK was established by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Infra red (IR) spectroscopy indicated the interaction between functionalized MWCNT (F-MWCNT) and PAEK. The optimum combination of B4C and F-MWCNT was obtained from the tensile property analysis. It was found from the dynamic mechanical analysis that the storage modulus of the composite at elevated temperature was enhanced by B4C inclusions. Mechanical damping factor spectra showed the shift of PAEK glass transition temperature to higher values due to the presence of B4C and F-MWCNT. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) presented the resistance offered by B4C to the degradation of PAEK especially at elevated temperatures.
Testing ecological suitability for the utilization of recycled aggregates
Authors: Vytlacilova Vladimira
Published: September 2016

The utilization of inert recycled materials obtained from construction and demolition waste must be assessed, among others, in terms of their potential impacts on the environment and human health. The ecological suitability for subsequent applications is proven based on their chemical composition, the content of harmful substances, and their potential leakage into the surrounding environment. The ecological criteria are always determined according to the requirements of the legislation in force and according to the demand for a specific type of waste and its utilization. However, the specification of limit values for the evaluation of the content of harmful substances and other monitored parameters is a questionable issue. This article presents the results of an experimental program focused on the monitoring of the environmental risks of recycled aggregates. The analysis of the results of laboratory tests of recycled bricks, recycled concrete, and soil with aggregates points out the difficulty in complying with the conditions for the potential utilization of these recycled materials on ground surfaces. The objective of these tests is to compare the results of laboratory tests of recycled bricks, recycled concrete, and soil with aggregates obtained from different recycling facilities to the limit values stipulated by legislative regulations.
Thermodynamic Analysis of the Selective Reduction of a Nickeliferous Limonitic Laterite Ore by Hydrogen
Authors: Elliott R. , Pickles C. A.
Published: September 2016

Nickeliferous limonitic laterite ores are becoming increasingly attractive as a source of metallic nickel as the costs associated with recovering nickel from the sulphide ores increase. Unlike the sulphide ores, however, the laterite ores are not amenable to concentration by conventional mineral processing techniques such as froth flotation. One potential concentrating method would be the pyrometallurgical solid state reduction of the nickeliferous limonitic ores at relatively low temperatures, followed by beneficiation via magnetic separation. A number of reductants can be utilized in the reduction step, and in this research, a thermodynamic model has been developed to investigate the reduction of a nickeliferous limonitic laterite by hydrogen. The nickel recovery to the ferronickel phase was predicted to be greater than 95 % at temperatures of 673–873 K. Reductant additions above the stoichiometric requirement resulted in high recoveries over a wider temperature range, but the nickel grade of the ferronickel decreased.
Microwave-Assisted Preparation of Activated Carbon from Eupatorium Adenophorum: Effects of Preparation Parameters
Authors: Cheng Song , Zhang Shengzhou , Zhang Libo , Xia Hongying , Peng Jinhui , Wang Shixing
Published: September 2016

Eupatorium adenophorum, global exotic weeds, was utilized as feedstock for preparation of activated carbon (AC) via microwave-induced KOH activation. Influences of the three vital process parameters – microwave power, activation time and impregnation ratio (IR) – have been assessed on the adsorption capacity and yield of AC. The process parameters were optimized utilizing the Design Expert software and were identified to be a microwave power of 700 W, an activation time of 15 min and an IR of 4, with the resultant iodine adsorption number and yield being 2,621 mg/g and 28.25 %, respectively. The key parameters that characterize the AC such as the brunauer emmett teller (BET) surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter were estimated to be 3,918 m2/g, 2,383 ml/g and 2.43 nm, respectively, under the optimized process conditions. The surface characteristics of AC were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and Transmission electron microscope.
Discussion of Carbon Emissions for Charging Hot Metal in EAF Steelmaking Process
Authors: Yang Ling-zhi , Jiang Tao , Li Guang-hui , Guo Yu-feng
Published: September 2016

As the cost of hot metal is reduced for iron ore prices are falling in the international market, more and more electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking enterprises use partial hot metal instead of scrap as raw materials to reduce costs and the power consumption. In this paper, carbon emissions based on 1,000 kg molten steel by charging hot metal in EAF steelmaking is studied. Based on the analysis of material and energy balance calculation in EAF, the results show that 146.9, 142.2, 137.0, and 130.8 kg/t of carbon emissions are produced at a hot metal ratio of 0 %, 30 %, 50 %, and 70 %, while 143.4, 98.5, 65.81, and 31.5 kg/t of carbon emissions are produced at a hot metal ratio of 0 %, 30 %, 50 %, and 70 % by using gas waste heat utilization (coal gas production) for EAF steelmaking unit process. However, carbon emissions are increased by charging hot metal for the whole blast furnace–electric arc furnace (BF–EAF) steelmaking process. In the condition that the hot metal produced by BF is surplus, as carbon monoxide in gas increased by charging hot metal, the way of coal gas production can be used for waste heat utilization, which reduces carbon emissions in EAF steelmaking unit process.
Characterization of High Temperature Deformation Behavior of BFe10-1-2 Cupronickel Alloy Using Orthogonal Analysis
Authors: Cai Jun , Wang Kuaishe , Zhang Xiaolu , Wang Wen
Published: September 2016

High temperature deformation behavior of BFe10-1-2 cupronickel alloy was investigated by means of isothermal compression tests in the temperature range of 1,023~1,273 K and strain rate range of 0.001~10 s–1. Based on orthogonal experiment and variance analysis, the significance of the effects of strain, strain rate and deformation temperature on the flow stress was evaluated. Thereafter, a constitutive equation was developed on the basis of the orthogonal analysis conclusions. Subsequently, standard statistical parameters were introduced to verify the validity of developed constitutive equation. The results indicated that the predicted flow stress values from the constitutive equation could track the experimental data of BFe10-1-2 cupronickel alloy under most deformation conditions.
Movement coordination during sit-to-stand in low back pain people
Authors: Shafizadeh Mohsen
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare the inter-joint coordination during sit-to-stand (STD) and stand-to-sit (SIT)
execution between healthy people and people with low back pain.

Methods

Fifteen healthy adults (age = 45.14 ± 5.18 years)
and fifteen age-matched (age = 46.17 ± 8.26 years) people with chronic low back pain were selected voluntarily. They performed
three repetitions of STD and SIT movement patterns in their preferred pace. Motion analysis system was used for measuring
3-dimensional (3D) angular displacement of hip, knee and ankle joints during execution of movement patterns. Decomposition
indices were analysed and were compared between two groups through Hotelling T2 Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA)
and follow-up Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

Results

The results showed that there is a significant difference (T2 = 18.32,
F14, 5 = 8.33, p < 0.05) between the groups on decomposition indices. The ANOVA follow-up results showed that there are significant
differences between two groups on decomposition indices of the whole pattern of STD (F1, 18 = 7.96, p < 0.05), whole pattern of
SIT (F1, 18 = 5.37, p < 0.05), the first-half phase of STD (F1, 18 = 7.26, p < 0.05) and the first-half phase of SIT (F1, 18 = 6.33, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

People with low back pain have dis-coordination in the function of different body parts, and results in pausing
of one segment while the other segment moves independently. This knowledge may help in the development of rehabilitation
strategies for movement in this population.
Robust Task Space Trajectory Tracking Control of Robotic Manipulators
Authors: Galicki M.
Published: September 2016

This work deals with the problem of the accurate task space trajectory tracking subject to finite-time convergence. Kinematic and dynamic equations of a redundant manipulator are assumed to be uncertain. Moreover, globally unbounded disturbances are allowed to act on the manipulator when tracking the trajectory by the end-effector. Furthermore, the movement is to be accomplished in such a way as to reduce both the manipulator torques and their oscillations thus eliminating the potential robot vibrations. Based on suitably defined task space non-singular terminal sliding vector variable and the Lyapunov stability theory, we propose a class of chattering-free robust controllers, based on the estimation of transpose Jacobian, which seem to be effective in counteracting both uncertain kinematics and dynamics, unbounded disturbances and (possible) kinematic and/or algorithmic singularities met on the robot trajectory. The numerical simulations carried out for a redundant manipulator of a SCARA type consisting of the three revolute kinematic pairs and operating in a two-dimensional task space, illustrate performance of the proposed controllers as well as comparisons with other well known control schemes.
Design and Characterization of a Novel Knee Articulation Mechanism
Authors: Olinski M. , Gronowicz A. , Handke A. , Ceccarelli M.
Published: September 2016

The paper is focused on designing a novel controllable and adjustable mechanism for reproducing human knee joint’s complex motion by taking into account the flexion/extension movement in the sagittal plane, in combination with roll and slide. Main requirements for a knee rehabilitation supporting device are specified by researching the knee’s anatomy and already existing mechanisms. A three degree of freedom (3 DOF) system (four-bar like linkage with controlled variable lengths of rockers) is synthesised to perform the reference path of instantaneous centre of rotation (ICR). Finally, a preliminary design of the adaptive mechanism is elaborated and a numerical model is built in Adams. Numerical results are derived from simulations that are presented to evaluate the accuracy of the reproduced movement and the mechanism’s capabilities.
Soret and Dufour Effects on MHD Free Convective Flow Past a Vertical Porous Plate in the Presence of Heat Generation
Authors: Reddy G.V.R.
Published: September 2016

An MHD fluid flow is examined over a vertical plate in the presence of Dufour and Soret effects. The resulting momentum, energy and concentration equations are then made similar by introducing the usual similarity transformations. These similar equations are then solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta fourth order method with shooting technique. The effects of various parameters on the dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration profiles as well as the local values of the skin-friction coefficient, the Nusselt number and Sherwood number are displayed graphically and in a tabular form. A comparison with previously published work is obtained and an excellent agreement is found.
Modelling Accuracy of a Car Steering Mechanism with Rack and Pinion and McPherson Suspension
Authors: Knapczyk J. , Kucybała P.
Published: September 2016

Modelling accuracy of a car steering mechanism with a rack and pinion and McPherson suspension is analyzed. Geometrical parameters of the model are described by using the coordinates of centers of spherical joints, directional unit vectors and axis points of revolute, cylindrical and prismatic joints. Modelling accuracy is assumed as the differences between the values of the wheel knuckle position and orientation coordinates obtained using a simulation model and the corresponding measured values. The sensitivity analysis of the parameters on the model accuracy is illustrated by two numerical examples.
The progressive in spoken learner language: A corpus-based analysis of use and misuse
Authors: Dose-Heidelmayer Stefanie , Götz Sandra
Published: September 2016

This paper investigates advanced German learners’ use of the progressive in spoken English by analyzing the German error-tagged subcorpus of LINDSEI-GE compared to the native speaker counterpart LOCNEC. The analysis reveals a significant underuse of the progressive in the spoken language. Our qualitative error analysis shows that the error patterns do not explain the frequency patterns at all, as there is only a very low proportion of errors caused by a non-use of the progressive in contexts where it would be required. The most frequent type of error is a misuse of the progressive in non-required contexts. Finally, we find that there is great variability in the performances of the individual learners, also as regards the number and types of errors committed.
Boresight Calibration of Mobile Laser Scanner Using an External Fixture
Authors: Jian Zhenxiang , Ravani Bahram
Published: September 2016

The boresight misalignment of a mobile laser scanning system is a major source of error for point cloud data and cannot be measured directly. This paper presents a new boresight calibration method for a mobile laser scanner system that uses an external fixture with a simple checkerboard pattern. The boresight angles are determined by minimizing the differences between the measured relative distances of the intersection points of the squares in a checkerboard fixture with the corresponding actual distances in the fixture. Experimental results from scanning the checkerboard pattern on the fixture show that the calibrated values of the boresight angles match the manufacturer’s values within 0.22 cm. Using this simple checkerboard fixture in the field prevents surveyors from having to rely on roadway features or setting control targets and provides for an alternative approach for the boresight calibration of a mobile laser scanner system.