bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dengue emergence in the temperate Argentinian province of Santa Fe, 2009-2020
Authors: López María S. , Jordan Daniela I. , Blatter Evelyn , Walker Elisabet , Gómez Andrea A. , Müller Gabriela V. , Mendicino Diego , Robert Michael A. , Estallo Elizabet L.
Published: August 2020

Dengue virus (DENV) transmission occurs primarily in tropical and subtropical climates, but within the last decade it has extended to temperate regions. Santa Fe, a temperate province in Argentina, has experienced an increase in dengue cases and virus circulation since 2009, with the recent 2020 outbreak being the largest in the province to date. The aim of this work is to describe spatio-temporal fluctuations of dengue cases from 2009 to 2020 in Santa Fe Province. The data presented in this work provide a detailed description of DENV transmission for Santa Fe Province by department. These data are useful to assist in investigating drivers of dengue emergence in Santa Fe Province and for developing a better understanding of the drivers and the impacts of ongoing dengue emergence in temperate regions across the world. This work provides data useful for future studies including those investigating socio-ecological, climate, and environmental factors associated with DENV transmission, as well as those investigating other variables related to the biology and the ecology of vector-borne diseases.
The McdAB system positions α-carboxysomes in proteobacteria
Authors: MacCready Joshua S. , Tran Lisa , Basalla Joseph L. , Hakim Pusparanee , Vecchiarelli Anthony G.
Published: August 2020

Carboxysomes are protein-based organelles essential for carbon fixation in cyanobacteria and proteobacteria. Previously, we showed that the cyanobacterial nucleoid is utilized as a surface for the equidistant-spacing of β-carboxysomes across cell lengths by a two-component system (McdAB) in the model cyanobacteriumSynechococcus elongatusPCC 7942. More recently, we found that McdAB systems are widespread among β-cyanobacteria, which possess β-carboxysomes, but are absent in α-cyanobacteria, which possess structurally distinct α-carboxysomes. Since cyanobacterial α-carboxysomes are thought to have arisen in proteobacteria and were subsequently horizontally transferred into cyanobacteria, this raised the question whether α-carboxysome containing proteobacteria possess a McdAB system for positioning α-carboxysomes. Here, using the model chemoautotrophic proteobacteriumH. neapolitanus, we show that a McdAB system distinct from that of β-cyanobacteria operates to position α-carboxysomes across cell lengths. We further show that this system is widespread among α-carboxysome containing proteobacteria and that cyanobacteria likely inherited an α-carboxysome operon from a proteobacterium lacking themcdABlocus. These results demonstrate that McdAB is a cross-phylum two-component system necessary for positioning α- and β-carboxysomes. The findings have further implications for understanding the positioning of other bacterial protein-based organelles involved in diverse metabolic processes.
Perceptions and use of cloud services: an empirical study on the students of a public university in Bangladesh
Authors: Atikuzzaman Md. , Islam Md. Anwarul
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to measure the perceptions and use of cloud services by the students of the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The specific objective of this study is to know what perceptions students have about cloud services, why and how they use cloud for academic activities.

Design/methodology/approach

For understanding the use of cloud services among the students of Dhaka University, a quantitative survey was carried out to collect data. Printed questionnaires were distributed among the students in different departments and university library. Both open- and close-ended questions were included in the questionnaire. A total of 329 students responded in this survey and the response rate was 85.5%. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.

Findings

Findings revealed that students are generally aware of cloud services and majority of the respondents use cloud for different purposes. Students used cloud for storage, back up and collaboration purposes and some of Google features are widely used by majority of the students for academic purposes.

Originality/value

To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first time an effort has been made to measure the use of cloud services among the students of University of Dhaka. This study will help to raise cloud service awareness among the students and encourage the authorities to adopt appropriate strategies and policies to resolve cloud adoption in university setting. Specially, Center of Excellence in Teaching and Learning of Dhaka University can take some initiatives in this case.
Silver lining of the COVID-19 crisis for digital libraries in terms of remote access
Authors: Pokorná Lenka , Indrák Michal , Grman Maroš , Stepanovsky Frantisek , Smetánková Martina
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The paper aims to describe a digital library (DL) model that attempts to replace traditional library services during the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, set in the context of current copyright laws. A server instance protected by shibboleth authentication enabled students and academic staff access remotely even copyright-protected works for the period of the lockdown. Through brief observation of user behaviour in this server instance, the paper explores accessed titles, especially with focus on their copyright status.

Design/methodology/approach

Library usage was observed in a branch of a DL, which enabled remote access to copyright-protected documents. Data were obtained from Google Analytics and access logs enriched with metadata.

Findings

Academic DL users overwhelmingly preferred titles that are copyright protected, monographs in particular. Their spectrum of interests was wide, and thus, mass digitisation is essential.

Originality/value

The paper presents a solution to provide free remote access to library users during closure on a national level. The case study reveals the needs and interests of DL users via a brief analysis of accessed titles and gives grounds for further changes towards a more open remote access DL model, which would be possible within the current copyright restrictions.
Behavioral barriers of tuberculosis notification in private health sector: policy implication and practice
Authors: Ahmadi Ayat , Doshmangir Leila , Gordeev Vladimir Sergeevich , Yazdizadeh Bahareh , Majdzadeh Reza
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Underreporting of new tuberculosis (TB) cases is one of the main problems in TB control, particularly in countries with high incidence and dominating role of a private sector in TB cases diagnosing. The purpose of this paper was to explore behavioral determinants of underreporting of new TB cases among private sector physicians in Iran.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study of physicians working in private clinics. The data collection tool was designed using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The authors used structural equation models with maximum likelihood estimation to examine attitude toward the notification behavior.

Findings

Of 519 physicians, 433 physicians completed the questionnaire. Attitude toward notification had the highest score (mean score = 87.65; sd = 6.79; range: 0–100). The effect of perceived behavioral controls on the notification behavior ((β^) = 0.13; CI: 0.01–0.25) was stronger than the total effect of attitude ((β^) = 0.06; CI: 0.00–0.12) and subjective norms ((β^) = 0.01; CI: −0.00–0.03) on the behavior. However, the attitude was the main predictor of intention and justified 46% of the intention variance. Intention had a significant effect on the behavior ((ß^) = 0.09; CI: 0.1–0.16).

Practical implications

Considering stronger effect of perceived behavioral control on the behavior, interventions aiming at facilitating notification process would be more effective than those aiming at changing the attitude or enhancing intention among physicians.

Originality/value

To the best of our knowledge, no other study previously explored determinants of underreporting from the behavioral and cognitive perspective. Specifically, the authors explored the role of the TPB constructs in predicting intention to notify new TB cases.
Performance analysis of Indian states based on social–economic infrastructural investments using data envelopment analysis
Authors: Goyal Gaurav , Dutta Pankaj
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This study investigates the performance of Indian states based on infrastructural investment in social and economic sectors using data envelopment analysis (DEA). Most of the studies in the literature are based on how different elements of infrastructure such as transport, energy, education, healthcare system affect the economy of different countries/regions. In this study, we consider these elements under two different sub-systems, namely, social and economic infrastructure and measure the cooperative efficiency for competitive growth.

Design/methodology/approach

A four-stage DEA approach is proposed for the analysis of a sample of 28 Indian states for the years 2011, 2013 and 2015 under consideration. First stage calculates the per capita GDP contribution, while stage-2 evaluates the efficiency of investments in social infrastructure followed by the efficiency analysis in economic infrastructure in stage-3. Finally, fourth stage evaluates the co-operative efficiency for the overall performance.

Findings

The findings of three different cases based on population sizes, viz., highly populated, moderately populated and less populated regions suggest that the government can identify the top and poor performers. It also studies the variations in efficiency tally of states using Malmquist indices.

Practical implications

This kind of study will vigilant government and local authorities on the investments made in all the states for social and economic infrastructure and establish a competitive environment among state governments to compete for improved infrastructural growth.

Originality/value

This study is the first of its kind in developing countries like India, which focuses on efficiency analysis using DEA based on two sub-sectors of social–economic infrastructural investments.
The livelihood adaptability of households under the impact of climate change in the Mekong Delta
Authors: Le Sang Thanh , Vo Chi Dao
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to provide a deep understanding of rural household livelihoods in the Mekong Delta and to explore how they can cope with climate stressors at the ground level.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper employs the sustainable livelihood framework at a household and also an individual scale. The general data obtained from a survey of 2,100 households provide an overview of their livelihoods. Qualitative and quantitative methods were adopted, as case studies, to comprehensively assess 100 households in one commune affected by annual floods and an additional 100 households in another commune affected by sea level rises. Livelihood profile analysis is beneficial to identify specific livelihood change patterns that have taken place in these specific cases.

Findings

There are four types of livelihood adaptation to climate stressors: (1) change of structure of agricultural systems, (2) change of employment locations, (3) resettlement with strong impact on livelihoods and (4) out-migration. The household livelihood resources and the local economic structures have significant roles in driving adaptive solutions.

Research limitations/implications

This paper provides detailed profiles of the livelihood change considered as passive adaptation of smallholders in the Mekong Delta.

Originality/value

It contributes to the knowledge of rural households in multiple aspects with regard to how they cope with climate change via reflection on their livelihoods.
An investigation into BIM uptake among contracting firms: an empirical study in Nigeria
Authors: Babatunde Solomon Olusola , Perera Srinath , Ekundayo Damilola , Adeleke Damilola Sarah
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Building information modeling (BIM) is vital in the performance improvement of contracting firms. Thus, there is a need to stimulate its implementation in the construction sector with a view to meeting the competitive demands of the industry. However, there have been very few studies on BIM implementation among contracting firms in Nigeria. Hence, this study aims to examine the current BIM uptake among Nigerian contracting firms, assess the barriers to BIM implementation and examine the ways of improving BIM implementation within these contracting firms.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire survey was conducted on contracting firms (comprising small-, medium- and large-sized firms) in Lagos, Nigeria. The obtained data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. These included percentage, mean score, standard deviation, the Kruskal–Wallis test and factor analysis.

Findings

This study revealed the current state of BIM implementation among contracting firms in Nigeria in terms of their knowledge of BIM, their usage of BIM as well as the BIM software adopted. Furthermore, the study identified 25 barriers to BIM implementation in contracting firms and identified 15 ways to improve BIM implementation in contracting firms. The relative importance of both the identified barriers and the ways for improving BIM implementation was gauged among contracting firms comprising small-, medium- and large-sized firms. The result of the Kruskal–Wallis test revealed that, except for two (out of 25) identified barriers, and one (out of 15) identified ways of improving BIM implementation in contracting firms, there is no significant statistical difference in the perceptions of the three respondents’ groups. The result of the factor analysis categorized the identified 25 barriers into seven main factors.

Practical implications

This study provides empirical evidence on the barriers to BIM implementation and the ways of improving its implementation among contracting firms, thereby providing a better insight of the Nigerian construction industry’s BIM environment.

Originality/value

This study’s findings can positively inform the decisions of construction stakeholders to formulate strategies capable of improving BIM implementation in the construction industry at large.
eWOM, what are we suspecting? Motivation, truthfulness or identity
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Wu Yun , Wang Wendy
Published: August 2020

Purpose

As fake information has become the norm on the internet, it is important to investigate how skepticism impacts an individual’s attitude toward word-of-mouth (eWOM). This study examines eWOM skepticism via three dimensions: suspicion of motivation, suspicion of truthfulness and suspicion of identity. It investigates not only which of the three dimensions is more influential in eWOM situations but also the variations and relationships among these three. Furthermore, this study evaluates how an individual’s dispositional trust and perceptions regarding structural assurance can impact each dimension, which in turn affects the assessment of the eWOM messages’ credibility.

Design/methodology/approach

Using an online scenario-based survey, data were collected via Amazon Mechanical Turk from 195 participants in the U.S. PLS and cluster analysis were used to analyze the data.

Findings

The results reveal that the suspicion of identity play a major role in message credibility assessment and that people who are naturally less likely to trust others also hold higher suspicion of motivation and truthfulness. Further, structural assurance has significant negative effects on all three dimensions.

Practical implications

The findings highlight the importance of enhancing the protective measures on eWOM platforms and call for stricter regulations to prevent organizations from adopting deceptive eWOM propagandas.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the literature by exploring the impact of skepticism on eWOM message credibility assessment and helping to validate this newly created construct by considering eWOM skepticism as a formative construct.
Strategic human resource practices, emotional exhaustion and OCB: the mediator role of person-organization fit
Authors: Kasekende Francis , Nasiima Sentrine , Otengei Sam Omuudu
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The paper examines the mediator role of person-organization fit on the relationships between reward management, employee training, emotional exhaustion and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) among employees in the manufacturing sector in Uganda.

Design/methodology/approach

The study took a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical design. Using a sample of 380 respondents, data were obtained in two studies, the 2nd study being carried out after 8 months from the 1st. Using statistical program for social scientists (SPSS) and analysis of moment structures (AMOS), six hypotheses were tested and analyzed.

Findings

Results indicate that employee development and person-organization fit were significant predictors of OCB. The influence of Reward Management and Emotional Exhaustion on OCB was inconclusive since in the 1st study it was positive and significant while non-significant in the 2nd study. Person-organization fit emerged as a full mediator of the Reward Management, Emotional Exhaustion–OCB relationships; and a partial mediator of the Employee Development–OCB relationship.

Practical implications

Manufacturing firms will be able to implement HR policies and practices that are relevant for increased employee exhibition of extra role activities. They will be able to adhere to efforts that increase person-organization fit in order to reduce emotional exhaustion for OCB exhibition.

Originality/value

The study demonstrates that person-organization fit acts as a conduit for the translation of all the inputs of reward management and employee exhaustion and, part of the inputs of employee development into increased worker exhibition of extra role activities.
Leadership matters in crisis-induced digital transformation: how to lead service employees effectively during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bartsch Silke , Weber Ellen , Büttgen Marion , Huber Ariana
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic has, besides the health concerns, caused an unprecedented social and economic crisis that has particularly hit service industries hard. Due to extensive safety measures, many service employees have to work remotely to keep service businesses running. With limited literature on leadership and virtual work in the service context, this paper aims to report on leadership effectiveness regarding employees' work performance in virtual settings brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on the input–process–outcome (IPO) framework, this research investigates the effectiveness of leadership on service employees' work performance mediated by work-related tension, autonomy, and group cohesiveness. Furthermore, this study explores moderating effects of the service provider's digital maturity. To test the derived model, the authors collected survey data from 206 service employees who, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, unexpectedly had to transform to a virtual work environment. The authors analyzed the data using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

The results indicated that it took task- and relation-oriented leadership behavior to maintain service employees' work performance in a virtual environment during crisis situations. Further, results indicated mediating effects of service employees' individual job autonomy and team cohesiveness; surprisingly, work-related tension did not impact employees' work performance. Results offered service businesses guidance on how to effectively lead in times of crisis when service employees predominantly work in virtual environments.

Originality/value

This is the first empirical study to show how leadership affects service employees' work performance in a virtual work environment during crisis times. Thus, the study contributes to the scarce literature on the impact of leadership in service firms that have to operate in such a setting.
Optimization of community-based mental health services: a systematic review
Authors: Almi Ahmad Anas , Abdul Khaiyom Jamilah Hanum
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to review the literature of community-based mental health services (CMHS) optimization in Malaysia that focus on the aspects of perceived challenges or barriers and facilitating factors for community-based mental health centre (CMHC).

Design/methodology/approach

Relevant peer-reviewed literature was identified and being reviewed in three databases and one local journal.

Findings

Nine studies were eligible for inclusion and the extracted data were summarized into a narrative review. The evidence provided for what constituting an optimal implementation of CMHS in Malaysia appeared lacking. However, there are adequate recommendations and suggestions on the component of facilitating factors; on how to increase service user’s engagement towards the improvement of mental health systems.

Research limitations/implications

Research in the literature had focussed on the optimization aspects from the perspective of the service user. Additionally, this had been discussed through the lens of a variety of mental health systems and not specifically on the community-based perspectives.

Originality/value

This current systematic review provides valuable and important evidence that further explorations of the existing experiences of the mental health care professionals in delivering CMHS in Malaysia CMHC. The review serves as the foundation for future research to explain the local explanatory framework on what are the best practise models for local CMHS.
The effects of IT use intensity and innovation culture on organizational performance: the mediating role of innovation intensity
Authors: Bourdeau Simon , Aubert Benoit , Bareil Celine
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This study aims to investigate innovation intensity by exploring the roles of internally focused and externally focused information technology (IT) use intensity and innovation culture on innovation intensity and organizational performance.

Design/methodology/approach

A model exploring the effects of internally and externally focused IT use, plus two key dimensions of innovation culture – collaborative and entrepreneurial – on innovation intensity and organizational performance is tested via a structural equation model using partial least squares with data collected from 395 top executives.

Findings

The results indicate that intense use of internally and externally focused IT and the collaborative dimension of culture positively affect innovation intensity, which, in turn, increases operational and financial performance.

Practical implications

Innovation is an important driver of performance, for both internal efficiency and competitiveness. The role of IT in the innovation process is key: it allows information, knowledge and idea sharing. Top managers should make a wide array of IT tools available to increase internal and external information exchanges. They should also develop an organizational context that stimulates innovativeness and promotes collaboration.

Originality/value

IT helps employees acquire and use the knowledge needed to innovate within and outside organizational boundaries. To be innovative, employees need to work in an organization with a strong innovation culture, a primary determinant of innovation intensity. This study is one of the first to examine the effects of an organization’s innovation culture and its use of IT on innovation intensity and organizational performance. In addition, constructs of innovation intensity and internally and externally focused IT use are developed and tested.
Vitamin D intake and risk of psychological disorders among female adolescents
Authors: Neshatbini Tehrani Asal , Farhadnejad Hossein , Salehpour Amin , Hekmatdoost Azita
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the association of vitamin D intake and the risk of depression, anxiety and stress among Tehranian female adolescents.

Design/methodology/approach

This cross-sectional analysis included 263 participants. A valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire was used to determine dietary intake of vitamin D. Depression, anxiety and stress scores were characterized by Depression Anxiety Stress Score-21 questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for the occurrence of depression, anxiety and stress according to the tertiles of vitamin D intake.

Findings

The mean ± standard deviation age and body mass index (BMI) of participants were 16.2 ± 1.0 years and 22.2 ± 4.1 kg/m2, respectively. Mean score of depression, anxiety and stress of participants were 9.8 (low-grade depression), 8.4 (low-grade anxiety) and 14.0 (borderline for stress), respectively. In the final model, after adjustment for age, BMI, physical activity, mother/father’s education level, dietary fiber and total energy intake, the OR for depression in the highest compared to the lowest tertile of vitamin D intake was 0.53 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24–0.98) (pfor trend: 0.040). Moreover, based on the fully adjusted model, participants in the highest tertile of vitamin D intake had lower odds of stress (OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.23–0.93), in comparison to those in the lowest one (pfor trend: 0.021).

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to assess the association of vitamin D intake and risk of psychological disorders, including depression, stress and anxiety in Middle East and North Africa region’s female adolescents.
Experimental testing of hypotheses for temperature‐ and pH‐based niche specialization of ammonia oxidizing archaea and bacteria
Authors: Aigle A. , Gubry‐Rangin C. , Thion C. , Estera‐Molina K. Y. , Richmond H. , Pett‐Ridge J. , Firestone M. K. , Nicol G. W. , Prosser J. I.
Published: August 2020

Investigation of niche specialization in microbial communities is important in assessing consequences of environmental change for ecosystem processes. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) present a convenient model for studying niche specialization. They coexist in most soils and effects of soil characteristics on their relative abundances have been studied extensively. This study integrated published information on the influence of temperature and pH on AOB and AOA into several hypotheses, generating predictions that were tested in soil microcosms. The influence of perturbations in temperature was determined in pH 4.5, 6 and 7.5 soils and perturbations in pH were investigated at 15°C, 25°C and 35°C. AO activities were determined by analysing changes in amoA gene and transcript abundances, stable isotope probing and nitrate production. Experimental data supported major predictions of the effects of temperature and pH, but with several significant discrepancies, some of which may have resulted from experimental limitations. The study also provided evidence for unpredicted activity of AOB in pH 4.5 soil. Other discrepancies highlighted important deficiencies in current knowledge, particularly lack of consideration of niche overlap and the need to consider combinations of factors when assessing the influence of environmental change on microbial communities and their activities.
Multiple environmental parameters impact lipid cyclization in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
Authors: Cobban Alec , Zhang Yujiao , Zhou Alice , Weber Yuki , Elling Felix J. , Pearson Ann , Leavitt William D.
Published: August 2020

Adaptation of lipid membrane composition is an important component of archaeal homeostatic response. Historically, the number of cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl rings in the glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) Archaeal lipids has been linked to variation in environmental temperature. However, recent work with GDGT‐making archaea highlight the roles of other factors, such as pH or energy availability, in influencing the degree of GDGT cyclization. To better understand the role of multiple variables in a consistent experimental framework and organism, we cultivated the model Crenarchaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius DSM639 at different combinations of temperature, pH, oxygen flux, or agitation speed. We quantified responses in growth rate, biomass yield, and core lipid compositions, specifically the degree of core GDGT cyclization. The degree of GDGT cyclization correlated with growth rate under most conditions. The results suggest the degree of cyclization in archaeal lipids records a universal response to energy availability at the cellular level, both in thermoacidophiles, and in other recent findings in the mesoneutrophilic Thaumarchaea. Although we isolated the effects of key individual parameters, there remains a need for multi‐factor experiments (e.g., pH + temperature + redox) in order to more robustly establish a framework to better understand homeostatic membrane responses.
Effect of energy deprivation on metabolite release by anaerobic marine naphthalene‐degrading sulfate‐reducing bacteria
Authors: Chen Gao , Widdel Friedrich , Musat Florin
Published: August 2020

The aromatic hydrocarbon naphthalene, which occurs in coal and oil, can be degraded by aerobic or anaerobic microorganisms. A wide‐spread electron acceptor for the latter is sulfate. Evidence for in situ naphthalene degradation stems in particular from the detection of 2‐naphthoate and [5,6,7,8]‐tetrahydro‐2‐naphthoate in oil field samples. Because such intermediates are usually not detected in laboratory cultures with high sulfate concentrations, one may suppose that conditions in reservoirs, such as sulfate limitation, trigger metabolite release. Indeed, if naphthalene‐grown cells of marine sulfate‐reducing Deltaproteobacteria (strains NaphS2, NaphS3 and NaphS6) were transferred to sulfate‐free medium, they released 2‐naphthoate and [5,6,7,8]‐tetrahydro‐2‐naphthoate while still consuming naphthalene. With 2‐naphthoate as initial substrate, cells produced [5,6,7,8]‐tetrahydro‐2‐naphthoate and the hydrocarbon, naphthalene, indicating reversibility of the initial naphthalene‐metabolizing reaction. The reactions in the absence of sulfate were not coupled to observable growth. Excretion of naphthalene‐derived metabolites was also achieved in sulfate‐rich medium upon addition of the protonophore carbonyl cyanide4‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone or the ATPase inhibitor N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. In conclusion, obstruction of electron flow and energy gain by sulfate limitation offers an explanation for the occurrence of naphthalene‐derived metabolites in oil reservoirs, and provides a simple experimental tool for gaining insights into the anaerobic naphthalene oxidation pathway from an energetic perspective.
Covid‐19 and the Blunders of our Governments: Long‐run System Failings Aggravated by Political Choices
Authors: Gaskell Jen , Stoker Gerry , Jennings Will , Devine Daniel
Published: August 2020

More urgently than ever we need an answer to the question posed by the late Mick Moran in The Political Quarterly nearly two decades ago: ‘if government now invests huge resources in trying to be smart why does it often act so dumb?’. We reflect on this question in the context of governmental responses to Covid‐19 in four steps. First, we argue that blunders occur because of systemic weaknesses that stimulate poor policy choices. Second, we review and assess the performance of governments on Covid‐19 across a range of advanced democracies. Third, in the light of these comparisons we argue that the UK system of governance has proved itself vulnerable to failure at the time when its citizens most needed it. Finally, we outline an agenda of reform that seeks to rectify structural weaknesses of that governance capacity.
Pregnancy outcome and cost‐effectiveness comparisons of artificial cycle‐prepared frozen embryo transfer with or without GnRH agonist pretreatment for polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Luo L , Chen M , Wen Y , Zhang L , Zhou C , Wang Q
Published: August 2020

Objective

To compare the live birth rate and cost effectiveness of artificial cycle‐prepared frozen embryo transfer (AC‐FET) with or without GnRH agonist (GnRH‐a) pretreatment for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Design

Open‐label, randomised, controlled trial.

Setting

Reproductive centre of a university‐affiliated hospital.

Sample

A total of 343 women with PCOS, aged 24–40 years, scheduled for AC‐FET and receiving no more than two blastocysts.

Methods

The pretreatment group (n = 172) received GnRH‐a pretreatment and the control group (n = 171) did not. Analysis followed the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) principle.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome measure was live birth rate. Secondary outcome measures included clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, early pregnancy loss rate and direct treatment costs per FET cycle.

Results

Among the 343 women randomised, 330 (96.2%) underwent embryo transfer and 328 (95.6%) completed the protocols. Live birth rate according to ITT did not differ between the pretreatment and control groups [85/172 (49.4%) versus 92/171 (53.8%), absolute rate difference −4.4%, 95% CI −10.8% to 2.0% (P = 0.45). Implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and early pregnancy loss rate also did not differ between groups, but median direct cost per FET cycle was significantly higher in the pretreatment group (7799.2 versus 4438.9 RMB, OR = 1.9, 95%CI 1.2–3.4, P < 0.001). Median direct cost per live birth was also significantly higher in the pretreatment group (15663.1 versus 8189.9 RMB, odds ratio [OR] = 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–3.8, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Pretreatment with GnRH‐a does not improve pregnancy outcomes for women with PCOS receiving AC‐FET, but significantly increases patient cost.

Tweetable abstract

For women with PCOS, artificial cycle‐prepared FET with GnRH agonist pretreatment provides no pregnancy outcome benefit but incurs higher cost.
Substrate‐dependent incorporation of carbon and hydrogen for lipid biosynthesis by Methanosarcina barkeri
Authors: Wu Weichao , Meador Travis B. , Könneke Martin , Elvert Marcus , Wegener Gunter , Hinrichs Kai‐Uwe
Published: August 2020

Dual stable isotope probing has been used to infer rates of microbial biomass production and modes of carbon fixation. In order to validate this approach for assessing archaeal production, the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri was grown either with H2, acetate or methanol with D2O and 13C‐dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Our results revealed unexpectedly low D incorporation into lipids, with the net fraction of water‐derived hydrogen amounting to 0.357 ± 0.042, 0.226 ± 0.003 and 0.393 ± 0.029 for growth on H2/CO2, acetate and methanol respectively. The variability in net water H assimilation into lipids during the growth of M. barkeri on different substrates is possibly attributed to different Gibbs free energy yields, such that higher energy yield promoted the exchange of hydrogen between medium water and lipids. Because NADPH likely serves as the portal for H transfer, increased NADPH production and/or turnover associated with high energy yield may explain the apparent differences in net water H assimilation into lipids. The variable DIC and water H incorporation into M. barkeri lipids imply systematic, metabolic patterns of isotope incorporation and suggest that the ratio of 13C‐DIC versus D2O assimilation in environmental samples may serve as a proxy for microbial energetics in addition to microbial production and carbon assimilation pathways.
Induction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 into a viable but non‐culturable state by high temperature and its resuscitation
Authors: Fu Yulong , Jia Yangyang , Fan Jiahui , Yu Chunna , Yu Chungui , Shen Chaofeng
Published: August 2020

Escherichia coli O157:H7, a causative agent of haemolytic uremic syndrome, can enter into a viable but non‐culturable (VBNC) state in response to harsh stress. Bacteria in this state can retain membrane integrity, metabolic activity and virulence expression, which may present health risks. However, virulence expression and resuscitation ability of the VBNC state are not well understood. Here, we induced E. coli O157:H7 into a VBNC state by high temperature, which is commonly used to prevent the proliferation of pathogens in process of soil solarization, composting and anaerobic digestion of organic wastes. The virulence genes were highly expressed in the VBNC state and resuscitated daughter cells. The resuscitation of VBNC cells occurred after the removal of heat stress in Luria‐Bertani medium. In addition, E. coli O157: H7 cells can leave the VBNC state and resuscitate with the clearance of protein aggregates. Notably, with the accumulation of protein aggregation and increased levels of reactive oxygen species, cells lost their ability to resuscitate. The results of this study not only can facilitate a better understanding of the health risks associated with the VBNC state but also have the potential to provide a theoretical basis for thermal disinfection processing.
The highly crystalline PET found in plastic water bottles does not support the growth of the PETase‐producing bacterium Ideonella sakaiensis
Authors: Wallace Noah E. , Adams Mary C. , Chafin Andrew C. , Jones Diamonte D. , Tsui Caroline L. , Gruber Todd D.
Published: August 2020

Ideonella sakaiensis produces an enzyme, PETase, that is capable of hydrolyzing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic. We demonstrate that although I. sakaiensis can grow on amorphous plastic, it does not grow on highly crystalline plastic under otherwise identical conditions. Both amorphous film and amorphous plastic obtained from commercial food containers support the growth of the bacteria, whereas highly crystalline film and the highly crystalline body of a plastic water bottle do not support growth. Highly crystalline PET can be melted and rapidly cooled to make amorphous plastic which then supports bacterial growth, whereas the same plastic can be melted and slowly cooled to make crystalline plastic which does not support growth. We further subject a plastic water bottle to a top‐to‐bottom analysis, finding that only amorphous sections are degraded, namely the finish (threading), the topmost portion of the shoulder which connects to the finish, and the area immediately surrounding the centre of the base. Finally, we use these results to estimate that the percentage of non‐degradable plastic in plastic water bottles ranges from 52% to 82% (depending on size), demonstrating that most of the plastic found in PET water bottles will not be degraded by I. sakaiensis.
Dependence of PINK1 accumulation on mitochondrial redox system
Authors: Gao Feng , Zhang Yan , Hou Xiaoou , Tao Zhouteng , Ren Haigang , Wang Guanghui
Published: August 2020

Accumulation of PINK1 on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is necessary for PINK‐mediated mitophagy. The proton ionophores, like carbonyl cyanide m‐chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and carbonyl cyanide‐4‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP), inhibit PINK1 import into mitochondrial matrix and induce PINK1 OMM accumulation. Here, we show that the CHCHD4/GFER disulfide relay system in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) is required for PINK1 stabilization when mitochondrial membrane potential is lost. Activation of CHCHD4/GFER system by mitochondrial oxidative stress or inhibition of CHCHD4/GFER system with antioxidants can promote or suppress PINK1 accumulation, respectively. Thus data suggest a pivotal role of CHCHD4/GFER system in PINK1 accumulation. The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis‐related superoxide dismutase 1 mutants dysregulated redox state and CHCHD4/GFER system in the IMS, leading to inhibitions of PINK1 accumulation and mitophagy. Thus, the redox system in the IMS is involved in PINK1 accumulation and damaged mitochondrial clearance, which may play roles in mitochondrial dysfunction‐related neurodegenerative diseases.
Component‐resolved microarray analysis of IgE sensitization profiles to Culicoides recombinant allergens in horses with insect bite hypersensitivity
Authors: Novotny Ella N. , White Samuel J. , Wilson A. Douglas , Stefánsdóttir Sara B. , Tijhaar Edwin , Jonsdóttir Sigridur , Frey Rebekka , Reiche Dania , Rose Horst , Rhyner Claudio , Schüpbach‐Regula Gertraud , Torsteinsdóttir Sigurbjörg , Alcocer Marcos , Marti Eliane
Published: August 2020

Background

Allergy to bites of blood‐sucking insects, including biting midges, can affect both human and veterinary patients. Horses are often suffering from an IgE‐mediated allergic dermatitis caused by bites of midges (Culicoides spp). With the aim to improve allergen immunotherapy (AIT), numerous Culicoides allergens have been produced as recombinant (r‐) proteins. This study aimed to test a comprehensive panel of differently expressed Culicoides r‐allergens on a cohort of IBH‐affected and control horses using an allergen microarray.

Methods

IgE levels to 27 Culicoides r‐allergens, including 8 previously unpublished allergens, of which 11 were expressed in more than one expression system, were determined in sera from 347 horses. ROC analyses were carried out, cut‐offs selected using a specificity of 95% and seropositivity rates compared between horses affected with insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) and control horses. The combination of r‐allergens giving the best performing test was determined using logistic regression analysis.

Results

Seropositivity was significantly higher in IBH horses compared with controls for 25 r‐allergens. Nine Culicoides r‐allergens were major allergens for IBH with seven of them binding IgE in sera from > 70% of the IBH‐affected horses. Combination of these top seven r‐allergens could diagnose > 90% of IBH‐affected horses with a specificity of > 95%. Correlation between differently expressed r‐allergens was usually high (mean = 0.69, range: 0.28‐0.91).

Conclusion

This microarray will be a powerful tool for the development of component‐resolved, patient‐tailored AIT for IBH and could be useful for the study of allergy to biting midges in humans and other species.
Retrograde ejaculation after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP)—Impact on sexual function and evaluation of patient bother using validated questionnaires
Authors: Gild Philipp , Dahlem Roland , Pompe Raisa S. , Soave Armin , Vetterlein Malte W. , Ludwig Tim A. , Maurer Valentin , Marks Phillip , Ahyai Sascha A. , Chun Felix K.‐H. , Lenke Lukas , Ernst Tabea , Fisch Margit , Rink Michael , Meyer Christian P. , Becker Andreas
Published: August 2020

Background

A vast body of literature has focused on erectile function after Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP). Interestingly, retrograde ejaculation (RE), despite its frequency has sparsely been investigated.

Objectives

To study patient perception and impact of RE on sexuality following HoLEP.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively analyzed 2,131 patients undergoing HoLEP 2006‐2015 at our institution. Patients were followed via standardized questionnaires namely International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) as well as Male Sexual Health Questionnaire Ejaculatory Short Form (MSHQ‐EjD‐SF). Exclusion criteria were missing/follow‐up <6 months, missing data on MSHQ‐EjD‐SF and IIEF score, resulting in 535 assessable patients. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify independent predictors of satisfaction with overall sex life (IIEF question 13).

Results

Median follow‐up was 50 months (IQR: 30‐78). Overall, 495 (92.5%) patients reported RE. Patients differed significantly with respect to age (P = .036), IPSS at follow‐up (P = .01), and erectile function (P < .001), whereas no other statistically significant differences were observed. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, presence of RE was not independently associated with satisfaction with overall sex life (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 0.70‐10.5, P = .1). However, in the cohort of patients exhibiting RE, patients who stated “feeling bothered by RE” had lower satisfaction with overall sex life (OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.13‐0.38, P < .001). Bother by RE varied according to erectile function and did not impact overall satisfaction in men with superior erectile function.

Conclusions

RE is a very common event after HoLEP but in this retrospective analysis was not associated with overall satisfaction with sex life. Contrary, satisfaction with sex life is impaired in patients who feel bothered by RE. Proper patient selection will pose key to identify patients in which RE bother will offset the benefits of LUTS relief.
Factors affecting the anxiety levels of adolescents in home‐quarantine during COVID‐19 pandemic in Turkey
Authors: Kılınçel Şenay , Kılınçel Oğuzhan , Muratdağı Gürkan , Aydın Abdülkadir , Usta Miraç Barış
Published: August 2020

Background

The long‐term closing of schools and home‐quarantine during the COVID‐19 pandemic cause negative effects on the physical and mental health of young people. Studies evaluating the mental health of adolescents during the pandemic are limited in the literature.

Aim

In our study, it was aimed to determine the results of home‐quarantine measures taken for adolescents during the pandemic and the affecting factors.

Method

This study was conducted as an online cross‐sectional self‐report questionnaire and included children aged between 12 and 18 years. The data were obtained from the children of volunteer families via Facebook family groups, and Google Forms questionnaires sent by the child psychiatry clinic to their smartphones. Sociodemographic form, State‐Trait anxiety scale, and UCLA loneliness survey were used as data collection tools.

Results

We examined the data of 745 adolescents. The average age of the study group was 16.83 ± 1.66 years, and 69.5% were females. It was determined that 88.2% of the adolescents followed the developments in the COVID‐19 process and obtained most information from the television. State anxiety was related to “Former psychiatric referral” by 4.39‐fold, “Having a COVID positive patient in the family or your surroundings” by 3.81‐fold, and “The most common medium for obtaining COVID‐related information” by 2.41‐fold.

Conclusions

Closure of schools and home‐quarantine during pandemic causes anxiety and loneliness in young people. The identification of risky groups helps to properly support these individuals by various social connections, including healthcare professionals, families, and schools.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: a history of smoking is not associated with a higher risk of pouchitis
Authors: Kani H. Tarik , Ramai Daryl , Caniglia Ellen , Hudesman David , Axelrad Jordan , Nicholson Joseph , Hong Simon , Chang Shannon
Published: August 2020

Background

Ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis is a common surgical procedure in patients with an initial diagnosis of ulcerative colitis or indeterminate colitis. Tobacco smoking has been associated with protection from onset of ulcerative colitis. Smoking has been reported to be both a protective factor and a risk factor for the development of pouchitis.

Aim

To examine the influence of smoking on the risk of pouchitis.

Methods

We identified 15 studies evaluating smoking as a risk factor for developing pouchitis in ulcerative colitis or indeterminate colitis patients with a history of ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis in a systematic search performed from inception through May 4, 2020. A meta‐analysis was then performed using a random‐effects model to generate risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

A history of smoking compared with never smoking was not associated with an increased risk of developing pouchitis (RR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.76‐1.18, I2 = 73.7%). There was also no significant risk of pouchitis when comparing current smokers vs nonsmokers (RR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.70‐1.24, I2 = 78.5%) and former smokers vs nonsmokers (RR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.74‐1.23, I2 = 78.5%).

Conclusions

Smoking, past or present, is not associated with an increased risk for the development of pouchitis in patients with ulcerative colitis or indeterminate colitis.