bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy Based Control System for Interconnected Pneumatic Cylinder Linear Positioning System
Authors: Saravanakumar D. , Mohan B.
Published: July 2014

Pneumatic drives have many advantages over other actuators in terms of efficiency and safety which enable them to be used in many applications. In the present study, a new method of position manipulator with two pneumatic cylinders which are interconnected has been presented. Nonlinear mathematical model of the system has been formulated. Using Matlab-Simulink software, the system has been simulated. Fuzzy based control system has been designed for the system. From the various responses and indices it is observed that the fuzzy based control system has better performance than PID based control system. Also it is observed that the system with fuzzy controller has better setpoint tracking characteristics.
Modelling and Comparison of Semi-Active Control Logics for Suspension System of 8x8 Armoured Multi-Role Military Vehicle
Authors: Trikande M.W. , Jagirdar Vinit V. , Sujithkumar Muraleedharan
Published: July 2014

Comparative performance of vehicle suspension system using passive, and semi-active control (on-off and continuous) has been carried out for a multi-axle vehicle under the source of road disturbance. Modelling and prediction for stochastic inputs from random road surface profiles has been carried out. The road surface is considered as a stationary stochastic process in time domain assuming constant vehicle speed. The road surface elevations as a function of time have been generated using IFFT. Semi active suspension gives better ride comfort with consumption of fraction of power required for active suspension. A mathematical model has been developed and control algorithm has been verified with the purpose/objective of reducing the unwanted sprung mass motions such as heave, pitch and roll. However, the cost and complexity of the system increases with implementation of semi-active control, especially in military domain. In addition to fully passive and fully semi-active a comparison has been made with partial semi-active control for a multi-axle vehicle to obviate the constraints. The time domain response of the suspension system using various control logics are obtained and compared. Simulations for different class of roads as defined in ISO: 8608 have been run and the ride comfort is evaluated and compared in terms of rms acceleration at CG in vertical direction (Z), which is the major contributor for ORV (Overall Ride Value) Measurement.
Study of Energy Saving System for Hydrostatic Drive - A Review
Authors: Das Jayanta , Sujit Kumar , Mishra Santosh Kumar , Kumar Ajit , Kumar N. , Paswan Ramashankar
Published: July 2014

The hydrostatic transmission energy-saving system is proposed in this paper. The efficiency of the primary power source improves by system. The system is energy regenerative, highly efficient even under partial load conditions. It can work in either a flow or pressure coupling configuration allowing it to avoid the disadvantages of each configuration. The displacement variation in the secondary unit was reduced, increasing the uses of several types of hydraulic pump/motors. The proposed system was modeled based on its physical attributes. A hierarchal control system was implemented and focused on the design of an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control for speed control of the secondary unit. The energy utilization and the influences on the energy-recovery potential of the system were analyzed.Keywords-Hydrostatic drive, energy saving system, Regenerative systems
Dynamic Control of a Pulsatile Jet Propelled Aquatic Robot
Authors: Rajaram Radhika , Gupta Shashi Kumar , Rammohan Nethri , Arul Sanjivi
Published: July 2014

Deriving inspiration from the propulsion methods of squids, a pulsatile jet propulsion system is adopted in a robotic model. A squid-like direction control mechanism, which can direct the jet along any direction on a hemispherical work volume, is also implemented. To obtain a suitable robot velocity (v) and a propulsive efficiency (ηp) for testing this mechanism, the stroke ratio (L/D) and outlet diameter are varied and the v and the ηp of various alternatives are estimated experimentally using vision analysis. A Stroke ratio of 3.78 and an outlet diameter of 25.4 mm were found suitable and employed for testing the mechanism. When the jet is deflected by 60° in the horizontal plane, the robot rotates about its centroid, signifying excellent maneuverability. Reverse motion was also demonstrated by removing inlet valves and blocking the outlet through the direction control mechanism. The performance of the direction control mechanism indicates that the robotic model was a feasible alternative to conventional screw-propelled aquatic robots.
A Novel Computational Approach towards Maximum Power Point Tracking for Solar Photovoltaic and Wind Energy Systems
Authors: Puneet Singh Ajal , Ratna Dahiya
Published: July 2014

In this paper a new approach for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is proposed. The fractional open circuit voltage based MPPT states that the photovoltaic (PV) array voltage corresponding to the maximum power gives a linear dependence with respect to array open circuit voltage for different irradiation and temperature levels. This method is the easiest and simplest of all the MPPT methods but the disconnection of the PV array from the load on regular intervals for the sampling of the array voltage causes significant power loss. A new and simple approach is proposed by the simple linear equation of line for calculating the duty cycle of the boost converter which will extract the maximum power for the particular radiations. This topology can also be used for Wind energy systems but here the simulation is done with solar photovoltaic only. The proposed work is verified using MATLAB/SIMULNK and simulation results shows a clear improvement in achieving the desired results.
Grid Connected Load Mismatching Situation between Power Supply and Power Demand: Review of the Problematic Effects and Analysis for Unique Needs in Particular Reference to Tamilnadu
Authors: Kodeeswararamanathan M. , Stalin Narayanasamy
Published: July 2014

Due to the electrical load mismatch some amount of non-conventional energy may be exported to the grid because the electrical demand is temporarily lower than production, whereas a consumption, which is higher than production and/or that does not match the available conventional generation, will require to be supplemented by the public grid electricity. At present, the gap between demand and supply is very high. A continuous supply in constrained power system through contingency planning for unique needs becomes a must. Government and private sectors’ combined participation in bridging the gap between demand and supply by setting up their captive power plants has to ensure regular and economic power supply. The main objective of this study is to analyse the technical and non technical problems being faced in power shortage. Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
Thermal Performance Analysis and Optimization of Solar Assisted Heat Pump Water Heater
Authors: Kokila R.N. , Rajakumar S.
Published: July 2014

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the thermal performance of direct expansion solar assisted heat pump DX-SAHP(A) by numerical simulation in MATLAB and comparing it with the thermal performance of DX-SAHP(B) which has an optimized collector area and mass flow rate. Optimization is performed for high exergy efficiency using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization technique. The flat plate collector of solar water heater is used as the evaporator with refrigerant (R22).With the optimized value of mass flow rate as 0.055 kg/sec, width as 0.03 m and diameter of riser tubes as 0.021 m the performance of the optimized system has a maximum COP of 6.85 which is greater than the COP of DX-SAHP(A) and the final water temperature of is obtained 100 minutes earlier in the optimized system i.e. DX-SAHP(B) with compressor work less than the system A
An Automated Mitigation Model for Chlorine Release by Proposing Modifications in the Existing Plant Facilities
Authors: Soman A.R. , Sundararaj G.
Published: July 2014

Chlorine is highly toxic and an accidental release of chlorine has the potential to kill or cause injury to people. This kind of release may occur unexpectedly and cause huge loss. Hence, proper mitigation methods should be devised to tackle them effectively. In this study, an accidental release of liquid chlorine from the storage tank is considered and a new mitigation model for the effects of release is proposed. A provision to recover the leaked chlorine is also proposed in the mitigation system. This approach can be beneficial to understand the significant elements of mitigation system and serve as a reference to various emergency response and design practitioners.
Can Time-Motion be Used to Reduce Occupational Hazards in Fleshing Process?
Authors: Thomas Simon , Surianarayanan Mahadevan , Mandal Asit Baran
Published: July 2014

The leather manufacturing industry consists of several small-scale enterprises. Continuous efforts are made to improve the occupational safety of the workforce and productivity of these enterprises. In this manuscript, one of the important steps in pre-tanning process of leather manufacturing i.e., fleshing process is considered for a detailed study. The motion study identified that proper synchronization of movements by the workers would result in 18% reduction in the total number of movements. Time study revealed that proper implementation of the suggestions made in this manuscript would reduce the number of flips required for completing the fleshing process from 4 to 3 thereby saving approximately 7 seconds in the fleshing process per skin. This study therefore represents one of the first efforts to take a comprehensive look at productivity, ergonomics and safety of pre-tanning processes in Indian leather industry.
Ergonomic Studies on Push, Pull, Lift and Carry in Gear Manufacturing and Assembling Industry
Authors: Karthik S.K. , Suresh P.
Published: July 2014

The present investigation deals with different Ergonomical features, especially the humans – machines interaction and the problems associated with it. Attempts were made to acquire anthropometric data of the workers engaged in one of the gear manufacturing and assembling industry located at Coimbatore. Various angular movements exerted with respect to the wrist, forearm and upper arm of the worker on different equipments while pushing and pulling and lifting and carrying tasks were recorded to analyze the various working postures and problems associated with it.The analysis was carried out for two different trolleys which were used in their work place. The problems were identified and suggestion was given to industry. A redesigned trolley based on Ergonomic principles helped to alleviate the problems of the workers.
Life Cycle Estimation of an Automotive Seat Recliner with LCF Approach
Authors: Nerella Srikanth , Jeevanantham A.K. , Ramalingam M.
Published: July 2014

Automotive Seat Recliner is a mechanism that enables seat back rest to move forward and rearward about the pivot point of seat. An upgraded model of recliner with optimized dimensions is modeled so that the effort applied to unlock the mechanism reduces. The modeled Recliner was analyzed in LS Dyna to obtain the input data for fatigue calculations. Coffin Manson fatigue criterion is used to obtain results, which matches the experimental results undergone in lab.
Mixed Mode Stress Intensity Factor Determination for Single and Multiple Cracks in an Aircraft Wing
Authors: Kumar S. Suresh , Veeraraghavan V. , Vimalesh M. , Bharadwaj Sanjay B.
Published: July 2014

Structural failure of aircraft wings due to nucleation and propagation of cracks is one of the main reasons for failure of aged aircrafts. Reported studies on aircraft failures indicate that the main cause of wing failure is due to fatigue cracks which nucleate from the wing root region. Thus, determination of residual life of the cracked wing structure using fracture mechanics approach becomes important. In the present work an attempt has been made to estimate the SIF of single and multiple cracks in an aircraft wing subjected to lift force. Crack depth ratios ranging between 0.1 and 0.4 and aspect ratios of 0.6 and 1.0 have been considered. Single and multiple cracks are introduced at the wing rib region and the lift force is applied at the bottom surface of the wing. Geometric correction factor (Y) is estimated with the additional consideration of mode II and mode III fracture. The effect of crack depth ratio and number of cracks on SIF is determined. Non symmetric SIF distribution is observed with increase of crack depth ratio. It is also noted that SIF values are always higher at the crack surface region compared to crack middle region irrespective of crack depth ratio.
Effect of Zinc Coating on Mechanical Behavior of Al 7075
Authors: Dileep B.P. , Kumar V. Ravi , Prashanth Mrudula , Phanibhushana M.V.
Published: July 2014

The addition of zinc to aluminum with magnesium or copper produces heat treatable alloys of highest strength which can be used for structural applications. This work is an attempt to investigate any improvement in hardness and fracture toughness by coating aluminum 7075 alloy with zinc. The zinc coated aluminum 7075 alloy was fabricated using Time Dependent Electro-Plating Technique. The thickness of the coating is a function of time. The varying thickness of zinc coating was obtained based on the time estimates, which includes 10, 15 and 20 microns. Specimens were prepared according to ASTM standards, which were then tested for mechanical properties such as surface hardness, tensile strength and fracture toughness at different loading conditions. The results, when compared to the uncoated aluminum alloy showed significant improvement in Hardness (87 RHN). The hardness increased slightly compared to that of uncoated surface and showed no increase with the increase in the thickness of coating. The yield stressof zinc coated aluminum alloy increased (587.11 N/mm2) when compared to uncoated aluminum alloy 7075 - T6 (537.12 N/mm2), with an increase in brittleness. The fracture toughness test on CT specimen under plain strain condition for coated specimen showed an increase in KIC value by 7.25 % compared to that of uncoated aluminum 7075–T6 alloy. Optical microscopy analysis shows that there is a good bonding of zinc coating on aluminum.
Study of Posture and Discomfort in Handling Machines in Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Balasubramanian K.R. , Sivapirakasham S.P. , Korra Nanda Naik , Kumar Dhruw Kranti
Published: July 2014

Manufacturing industries were considered among the sectors with the considerable level of lost work days due to work related musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of the study is to find out the different parts of body affected due to discomfort while operating machines in manufacturing industry. In this study work-related body-part discomfort was assessed in 51 male operators by using a body map and ranking procedure, while operating different types of machines viz, lathe, drilling and grinding machines. The study showed that out of 51 operator’s, 45 reported discomfort in shoulder and neck, 34 in lower back, 32 in upper back, 46 in arm, and 23of the operators reported discomfort in the leg. Correlations between the discomfort level and different postures at different working conditions were higher. Except at the start of the shift, operators felt musculoskeletal discomfort in various body parts throughout the shift, and were highest at the end of the shift. The middle age group operators reported higher levels of discomfort. Keywords: Discomfort; Injury; Pain; Body map; Discomfort assessment; Questionnaire; Musculoskeletal disorders.
A Comprehensive Study to Evaluate the Critical Success Factors Affecting Lean Concept in Indian Manufacturing Industries
Authors: Gunasekharan S. , D. Elangovan , Parthiban P.
Published: July 2014

Change is the word that best characterizes the nature of modern Business scenario and determines the challenges that manager’s face.Staying competitive requires looking for new ways of reducing costs and increase the quality of the company’s products. Lean thinking is considered to be one potential approach for improving organizational performance.When the flexibility seems to be an important issue in today’s highly competitive environment Lean integrated as a complete system in the organization can ensure company’s adaptation. Developed as a production system eliminating wastes in the Toyota’s plants in the 1960’s, Lean is evolving into a management approach that improves all the processes at each level of an organization. This study aims to develop a comprehensive theoretical framework that suggest a detailed perspective of the Lean manufacturing to the managers whoconsider implementing it as a possible direction towards achieving sustainable performance for their organizations. The factors which affect the implementation of lean in manufacturing sector are identified by undertaking extensive literature review and consulting the experts from academia and industry. The factors identified are modeled to find the respective loading on Lean variable using Structural Equation Modeling.
Design of a Logistics Network in an Organisation for Optimising Logistics Cost and Inventory Using RSM and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Rajendran Venkatesh , Devadasan S.R. , Kannan S.
Published: July 2014

The competitive environment of global markets has forced many manufacturers to select the most appropriate logistics for the optimisation of total logistics costs, time and inventory. Cost and time are the two important factors in the competitive market that are often not addressed comprehensively by the researchers. In this study, the genetic algorithms (GAs) and the fuzzy logic techniques are used for optimising a novel mathematical model of the logistics network. The objective of the proposed model is to minimise the costs of production, distribution, holding and backorder. In addition to the optimization of logistics costs, the model can also determine the economic production quantity (EPQ), and with help of the GAs and the Fuzzy logic solver with probability parameters and various dimensions for validation of the studied model in real-life situations, and we compared the outputs to demonstrate the performance of the two optimization techniques . Using Genetic Algorithm and fuzzy logic, the optimized value of the logistics cost, and volume of the logistics network were obtained.
Development of Just in Time (JIT) Implementation Models to Achieve Customer Delight
Authors: Kumar Parveen , Tewari P.C. , Gupta Amit
Published: July 2014

In today’s customer oriented global market, Customer Delight emerges as an urging need of any industry to excel in the competition. This study finds Product Variety, Innovative Product and Quick Response to the customer demand, as the essential ingredient of Customer Delight. ‘Just In Time’ which means instantaneous production of perfect quality goods with minimum wastage; seems to encompass all these issues. But the main concern is the implementation of JIT elements to achieve Customer Delight. This paper suggests two JIT Implementation models considering the recent issues of Supply Chain. First a three stage model is developed which correlates Customer Delight with various elements of JIT. The second model is a perpetual model which portraits how to implement these elements in a more structured manner. Collectively the proposed models embrace comprehensive picture of JIT Implementation.
Industrial Design of Motorcycle with Reference to Indian Population
Authors: Jeyakumar T. , Gandhinathan R.
Published: July 2014

India is the second largest 2W market in the world in terms of sales volumes after China. Motorcycles types that are marketed using sports tag are found to be anchored on performance attributes characterized by visual appeal, higher speeds, heady acceleration and superior ride, handling and braking. The chronograph of the sports segment in the Indian market is plotted. A goal defined design process is developed to produce creative ideas for aesthetic attributes-modern, youthful, aerodynamic, and aggressive. The optimal solution satisfying the aesthetic goal is determined using an operation decision making model based upon weighted generalized mean method. A motorcycle is generally straddled by the rider with manual transmission and can be considered as a constrained workstation. Some ergonomic considerations to fit users of different sizes on the same workstation should be taken into account when designing. A two-dimensional anthropometric data collection approach is followed for riders in India. The obtained anthropometric data concerning riding postures are used for posture analysis using digital human model in CAD software. The mutual trade-off between sporty riding style of the rider and comfort angles have been arrived to set up the final posture of the rider. The detailing of the appearance considering the aesthetic attributes and ergonomics are done. The developed design is aimed at improving appearance and ergonomic performance.
Enhancement of Porosity of the Ceramic Shell in Investment Casting Process Using Needle Coke and Camphor
Authors: Tamta Khyati , Karunakar D. Benny
Published: July 2014

Investment casting process has been a widely used process for centuries. It is known for its ability to produce components of complex shapes with dimensional accuracy and excellent surface finish. Investment casting has been used to make manufacture weapons, jewellery and art castings during the ancient civilization and today it is used to manufacture engineering components. In Investment casting wax patterns are made by wax injection and then coating of the wax patterns are done by ceramic slurry, made with silica flour and binder. After dewaxing and firing molten metal is poured in the shell and solidified casting can be achieved. Investment casting can be cast any ferrous and non ferrous metal which is difficult in die casting. Finishing operations are negligible and very thin sections as.75mm can also be cast which is not possible in sand casting but there are many challenges in Investment casting. It is relatively slow process because preparation of ceramic shell consumes a lot of time, permeability of shell is very low which causes gas permeability. Incorporation of chills is very difficult. Among all these challenges gas porosity is main problem because of poor permeability, entrapment of gases due to complex geometry of the shell, reuse of scrap metal. In the present work porosity of the shell can be increase by addition of mixture of Camphor and needle coke. After firing of the shell camphor and needle coke will be burnt leaving pores for the escape of entrapped gases. Mechanical properties of the both shell will be compared with each other.
Modeling & Analysis of End Milling Process Parameters Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Harinath Gowd G. , Theja K. Divya , Rayudu Peyyala , Goud M. Venugopal , Roa M .Subba
Published: July 2014

For modeling and optimizing the process parameters of manufacturing problems in the present days, numerical and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) methods are widely using. In manufacturing environments, main focus is given to the finding of Optimum machining parameters. Therefore the present research is aimed at finding the optimal process parameters for End milling process. The End milling process is a widely used machining process because it is used for the rough and finish machining of many features such as slots, pockets, peripheries and faces of components. The present work involves the estimation of optimal values of the process variables like, speed, feed and depth of cut, whereas the metal removal rate (MRR) and tool wear resistance were taken as the output .Experimental design is planned using DOE. Optimum machining parameters for End milling process were found out using ANN and compared to the experimental results. The obtained results provβed the ability of ANN method for End milling process modeling and optimization.
A Finite Element Simulation Study on Effects of Variation in Machining and Geometrical Parameters in Turning
Authors: Senthilkumar N. , Pon Azhagiri , Tamizharasan T.
Published: July 2014

In this work, the influence of variation in machining parameters cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut and geometrical parameters cutting insert shape (included angle), relief angle and nose radius is studied using DEFORM-3D, a finite element simulation software. The cutting tool inserts of various geometries are evaluated to study its performance for varying conditions considering contact temperature and mean stress. Effect of individual parameter is analyzed by varying its value by three different level values, while the other parameter values are set at the optimum condition, likewise for all input parameters. From the results obtained, it is observed that the performances of cutting inserts are good at the optimum level of parametric values than at the other level values.
An Analysis on Bead Characteristics in Material Deposition by PTAW Process
Authors: Mandal Soumen , Kumar Subrata , Bhargava P. , Premsingh C.H. , Paul C.P. , Kukreja L.M.
Published: July 2014

This study investigates the role of thermal energy in deposition of thick layer of powder material by PTAW process. For analysis, stainless steel material powder of grade SS304L are laid on the substrate of grade SS316. The energy required for melting the powder and available for the substrate are calculated considering losses during deposition. The effects of input process parameters i.e. energy, scanning speed, powder feed rate are investigated on bead characteristics and dilution.
Finite Element Simulation of A-TIG Welding of Duplex Stainless Steel 2205 Using SYSWELD
Authors: Naik Korra Nanda , Balasubramanian K.R. , Vasudevan M.
Published: July 2014

Bead on plate activated tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) welding of duplex stainless steel (DSS) 2205 was performed to determine the thermal history, temperature distribution and the weld bead geometry. Finite element (FE) simulations were carried out using the software, SYSWELD considering the temperature dependent thermal and mechanical properties of the base material. A 3D double ellipsoidal heat source was employed for the non-linear thermal analysis. The transient temperature distribution, weld bead profile, weld bead dimensions, depth of penetration and bead width were calculated by FE simulation. The simulated weld bead profile was compared with the experimentally measured profile and found to be in agreement.
Influence of Electrical Discharge Machining Parameters on Surface Roughness in Machining of Al 6061-TiB2/ZrB2 In Situ Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Mahamani Arumugam , Sakthivelon N. , Jetti Sai Kumar , Sekar Reddy M. Vijay , Naidu P. Vamsi Krishna , Rithesh M. , Veeranagaiah K.
Published: July 2014

In-situ aluminum matrix composites have good bonding strength and homogeneous distribution of particles, which offer improved mechanical property and wear resistance. Electrical discharge machining is considered as a suitable process for making complicated shape of difficult to machine materials. In this experimental work AA6061-6% TiB2/ZrB2 in-situ metal matrix composite was fabricated using flex assisted synthesis. This experimental investigation is focused to study the influence of electrical discharge machining process parameter on surface roughness in machining of the AA6061-6% TiB2 /ZrB2 composite. Taguchi method and L9 orthogonal lay out are applied to conduct the experimental work. Analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the percentage of contribution of each parameter. The analysis of the result indicates that discharge current has strongest influence on the surface roughness. This experimental study helps to select the optimal machining parameter to achieve good surface finish.
Microstructural Investigations on ATIG and FBTIG Welding of AA 2219 T87 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Santhana Babu A.V. , Giridharan P.K. , Ramesh Narayanan P. , Narayana Murty S.V.S.
Published: July 2014

Limitation in penetration depth is a concern in conventional TIG welding process. To improve penetration capability of TIG process, both Activated TIG (ATIG) and Flux Bounded TIG (FBTIG) are investigated in aluminum alloy AA 2219 T87. Undesirable arc wandering and cracking tendency are observed in ATIG welds. Microstructural investigation reveals ATIG welds are prone for liquation cracks. Morphology of the cracks along with the attributable factors are explained with optical and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) micrographs. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) results are also presented to explain the solute enrichment in the grain boundaries of the ATIG welds. FBTIG is found to produce good quality welds and is more suitable for welding aluminum alloys. Key words: Flux Assisted TIG; ATIG; FBTIG; Penetration Improvement; Microstructure; AA2219.
Microstructure and Mechanical Characterization of Al-Tib2 In Situ Metal Matrix Composites Produced via Master Alloy Route
Authors: Auradi V. , Biradar S.L. , Suresha S.M. , Kori S.A.
Published: July 2014

In the present work, Al-TiB2 in-situ metal matrix composites were processed via master alloy route at 800°C-30 min. with 5 and 7wt% of TiB2 particles. Microstructural characterization of the prepared insitu composites were carried out using XRD, SEM/EDX studies. X ray diffraction studies have shown the presence of Al3Ti and TiB2 phases, however, the presence of AlB2 particles is also highly likely. SEM/EDX characterization revealed fairly uniformly distributed TiB2 particles having hexagonal morphology with size distribution in the ranges between 0.5-10μm. Further, presence of TiB2 particles in Al matrix have resulted in improvement in hardness and tensile properties of the Al matrix while decrease in ductility was observed.
Modeling and Analysis on Influence of Channel Angle and Processing Route in Equal Channel Angular Pressing
Authors: Venkatraman R. , Raghuraman S. , Ajay Kumar K.S. , Balaji R. , Viswanath M.
Published: July 2014

Equal Channel Angular Pressing is a severe plastic deformation technique to produce Ultra Fine Grain (UFG) microstructure in bulk materials. The strain induced due to the severe plastic deformation depends mainly upon the channel angle and the processing route followed. Various dies with different channel angle are modeled and analyzed through DEFORM 3D. The strain imparted and the load required for different channel angles and different processing routes are determined from the analysis results. The results are compared and the optimum channel angle is determined.
Numerical Simulation of Pulsed Nd-YAG Laser Butt Welding of AISI 304L Stainless Steel Sheet and Experimental Validation
Authors: Chukkan Jazeel Rahman , Vasudevan M. , Muthukumaran S. , Ganesh K.C. , Kumar Ravi , Murugan S. , Maduraimuth V.
Published: July 2014

The objective of this work is to carry out thermo-elasto-plastic analysis of pulsed Nd-YAG laser-beam butt welding of 304L Stainless Steel sheets using Finite Element Modelling. Thermo-mechanical analysis was done by using commercial Finite Element software SYSWELD. Thermal analysis provided thermal cycles and weld bead geometry. Then using thermo-mechanical analysis, residual stresses and distortion values were estimated. In order to validate the model predictions, a single pass autogenous welding with pulsed laser beam was performed on 304L stainless steel sheets. Thermocouples were used to record temperatures at different places close to the fusion line. Vertical displacements after welding were measured using Vertical height gauge equipment. The longitudinal residual stress after welding was measured using an ultrasonic technique. Metallography was employed to view the cross sections of the weld bead. The Finite Element Analysis results were then compared with experimental results. Thermal cycles, distortion and residual stresses obtained in FEA and experiments were found to be in good agreement.
Numerical Studies on Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow during Laser Welding of Thin Sheet
Authors: Balasubramanian K.R. , Suthakar T. , Sankaranarayanasamy K. , Buvanashekaran G.
Published: July 2014

Numerical simulation of heat transfer and fluid flow analysis of laser welding is essential to understand the physics of fluid motion, thermal cycles, heating and cooling rate and its effect on the formation of the final weld bead profile. The fusion geometry, weld thermal cycles, temperature and velocity field will vary depending on the welding process parameters. The influence of process parameters on the formation of weld bead geometry was analyzed in this study. In the simulation a plane Gaussian profile heat source was used to model the laser beam considering the equations of mass, momentum and energy. It was observed that due to the difference in surface tension coefficient the fluid moves from the central region of the molten pool to the outside. Increase in beam power or decrease in welding speed resulted in a high heating rate and less cooling rate due to high heat input. The simulated bead profiles were compared with the experimentally measured profile and was found to be in agreement.
Optimization of Cutting Parameters in Wirecut EDM of D2 Die Steel Using Gravitational Search Algorithm
Authors: Durairaj M. , Elanthirayan S. , Aanand K. , Poornachandran J.
Published: July 2014

Wire cut Electrical Discharge Machining is one of the important manufacturing process which is used to obtain desired shape using electrical discharge (or) by continuous sparking. This paper deals with wire cut EDM of D2die steel using Zinc coated wire tool. Two conflicting objectives, surface roughness and kerf width, are simultaneously optimized. Experimentation was planned based on Taguchi’s L-9 orthogonal array. All the experiments has been conducted under different machining conditions of gap voltage, pulse ON time, and pulse OFF time. Wire feed, wire speed, resistance, wire tension, dielectric fluid pressure and cutting length are taken as fixed parameters. In this paper Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) is employed for optimising surface roughness and kerf width.
Optimization of Machining Parameters for Drilling Al-SiC MMC Using ANOVA and Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Dhavamani Chinnathambi , Alwarsamy T.
Published: July 2014

Machining of composite materials is an important and current topic in modern researches on manufacturingprocesses. This paper presents the detailed experimental investigation on drilling Aluminium Silicon Carbideparticulate Metal Matrix Composite (Al-SiC –MMC). Experiments were carried out on Radial Drilling Machine.A plan of experiments, based on the techniques of Taguchi, was performed. The objective of this research is tostudy the effect of cutting speed, feed, diameter of cut, machining time on metal removal rate, specific energy,surface roughness, volume fraction and flank wear. The optimum machining parameters were obtained by Greyrelational analysis. Finally, confirmation test was performed to make a comparison between the experimentalresults and developed modelKeywords: Composite materials; drilling processes; Rey relational analysis Optimization
Optimization of Parameters for Diameter Accuracy in Wire Electric Discharge Grinding for Micro Machining of Tungsten Rods
Authors: Parthiban M. , Krishnaraj Vijayan , Naveen Anthuvan R.
Published: July 2014

In this study the process of Wire Electric Discharge Grinding was carried out with a precise, flexible and corrosion resistant submerged rotary spindle which was designed, fabricated and installed in a five axis CNC Wire Electric Discharge Machining in order to produce free form surfaces on micro rods. The tungsten was taken as a work material since it is hard to machine through conventional process. Based on the literature survey the following four factors such as the spindle speed, pulse off time, peak current and wire speed are considered for obtaining high diametrical accuracy. By Taguchi parametric design the array was designed and experimental trials were taken by machining an Ø2.0mm tungsten (W) pin to Ø0.40mm under various set of parameter combinations. The S/N ratio analysis was carried out to find the optimum machining parameters and significant parameters affecting the diametrical accuracy. The analysis of variance was used to analytically verify the significant parameters. Finally it is concluded experimentally and statically that the significant parameters affecting the diameter accuracy are spindle speed and pulse off time.
Analysis of AISI 1035 Grade Joints Welded Frictionally with Varying Forging Pressure
Authors: Selvamani S.T. , Umanath K. , Palanikumar K. , Vigneswar K. , Ghosh Sudeep Kumar
Published: July 2014

In this work we have satisfied the objective to analyse the medium carbon steel rods which are welded frictionally on their tensile properties when the welding parameter is maximum and minimum in values of forging pressure with respect to time. This work also carries the macrostructure and microstructure analysis of the weldments so as to identify the metal flow and grain structures in different zones of the welds. This work is carried to identify the suitable level of value of the forging pressure with respect to time and analysing their mechanical properties in that level. Fracture analysis was also carried out in the fracture surface.
Optimization of Process Parameters during Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Aluminium Alloys (AA 5083 & AA 6061) Using Taguchi L9 Orthogonal Array
Authors: Ramesh Babu S. , Karthik P. , Karthik S. , Kumar S. Arun , Marris Joel
Published: July 2014

In the present study AA5083 and AA6061 were welded using friction stir welding process by controlling the various welding parameters viz. rotational speed, welding speed and Tool axial force for two different tool profiles. Aluminum alloys 5083 and 6061 have similar properties and they both are widely used in marine industries and other transportation industries. In this work the effect of various parameters on the mechanical properties viz. tensile strength and impact strength were studied. In this study the Taguchi approach was used as a design of experiment to set optimum parameters. The experiments were done using Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. Analysis of variance test was also performed to obtain the effect of the parameters on the weld strength. Both DOE and ANOVA were performed using MINITAB software.
Analysis of Mechanical Properties in Zea Mays Straw Fiber Composites
Authors: Karuppanna Raja P.G. , Rajkumar M.
Published: July 2014

In recent year’s Natural Fibers reinforced composite (NFRC) are considered as a suitable alternative to engineering material due to their advantages like low cost, low density, high strength and stiffness to weight ratio, resistance to breakage during processing, low energy consumption, a lesser amount of pollutant emissions and biodegradable materials. They have excellent properties and are being extensively used in verity of engineering application like aircraft and aerospace etc.This paper examines the mechanical properties of Zea Mays Straw powder (ZMSp) particles reinforced polyester composites with the aim of producing a composite material showing enhanced properties for engineering applications. Zea mays straw particles were added in different volume fractions into polyester matrix at 5, 10 and 15 gram respectively. Composite samples were produced from these mixtures and the effect of the tensile properties of the composites was investigated. The tensile strength, tensile modulus values increases as the zea mays straw powder. Among the three samples the 15gram added Zea mays composite bar gives better tensile modulus and strength than the other two samples.
Relative Estimation of Various Fuel Properties of Simarouba Glauca and Mahua Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Having Different Blends with Conventional Diesel
Authors: Arun S.B. , Suresh R. , Yathish K.V.
Published: July 2014

Recent concerns over the environment, increasing fuel prices and scarcity of its supply have promoted the interest in development of the alternative sources for petroleum fuels. This paper deals with the production of methyl esters from Simarouba Glauca oil and Mahua oil by transesterification process using potassium hydroxide as a homogeneous catalyst, calcium oxide as a heterogeneous catalyst and methanol as the alcohol. The important properties of Methyl esters such as cloud point, pour point, ash content and carbon residue are tested and compared with other biodiesels. Methyl esters are blended with diesel in different proportions and testing the physicochemical properties such as viscosity, flash point, density and copper corrosion for each blended biodiesel.
Slurry Erosion Wear of Al6061–SiC Composites Developed by Hybrid Technique
Authors: Ramesh Chinnakurli Suryanarayana , Vijetha A.C. , Mohan Nirupama , Gudi Harsha R.
Published: July 2014

Slurry erosion is a major concern in marine components which are subjected to wear and corrosion. These problems are addressed by developing materials which are harder and possessing excellent corrosion resistance in sea water. In this regard, there are serious attempts to modify the existing surfaces or developing new composite materials which are hard and also possess good strength. There are few reports suggesting the improved slurry erosion resistance of aluminium alloy by dispersing SiC within the metallic matrix. Higher the extent of SiC in the matrix material, better will be the slurry erosion resistant. In the light of above, the present work will focus on innovative development of Al6061-SiC composites by the combined process of powder metallurgy and casting followed by hot extrusion. A maximum amount of 40 wt % of SiC has been successfully incorporated in the hot extruded composites. The hot extruded composites are subjected to slurry erosive wear test in 3.5% NaCl solution containing silica sand particles. The parameters such as slurry concentration, rotational speed used in the present study are 10-30g/l, 500 – 1000 rpm respectively with test duration maintained at 24 hr. It is observed that increased content of SiC in matrix alloy has resulted in significant improvement in the slurry erosion resistance of the developed composites.
Tool Condition Monitoring in Microturning of Aluminium Alloy Using Multiple Sensors
Authors: Gopikrishnan A. , Kanthababu M. , Balasubramaniam R. , Ranjan Prabhat
Published: July 2014

In the present work, an attempt has been made to monitor the tool condition status during microturning of aluminium alloy (AA 6061) using multiple sensors such as cutting force dynamometer, acoustic emission (AE) and accelerometer. The tool wear (nose wear) is correlated with surface roughness (Ra), chip width, thrust force (Fx), tangential force (Fy), feed force (Fz), AERMS and vibration signals. It is observed that Ra, chip width and cutting forces are increased with increase in the tool wear. Among the cutting forces, the tangential force (Fy) is found to be more sensitive to the tool wear status compared to that of the thrust force (Fx) and feed force (Fz). From the signal analysis, it is observed that during machining with good tool condition, the dominant frequency of the AERMS and vibration signals are found to be 81 kHz-110 kHz and 2.07 kHz-3.84 kHz respectively, whereas with the worn out tool the dominant frequencies are shifted to higher levels. Chip morphological studies indicated that favourable type of chips are formed upto 40th minute and unfavourable chips are observed from 41st minute to 60th minute.
Analysis and Validation of Erosion Process by Sea Sand as an Abrasive Material by Using Regression Model and Neural Network in Abrasive Jet Machining Process for Alumina
Authors: Pawar N.S. , Lakhe R.R. , Shrivastava R.L.
Published: July 2014

According to the most of the studies dealing with micro grooving, cutting, leading to lower material removal Abrasive jet machining is traditional process. Invention was made to create those needs. A number of investigation or researches were carried out by imminent personality but no detailed information and design has provided about cylindrical vibrating chamber or mixing chamber. This change in shape gives better velocity to abrasive particles and non sticking characteristic gives the better effect of erosion of material on work piece and scattering of particle towards objects. The parameter stand off distance, variable pressure, material removal rate used for this experimental study has also moderate. The work carried out with Alumina nozzle. The abrasive powder feed rate is controlled by the amplitude of mixing chamber. The root mean square value is 0.988 in linear regression model. The estimated standard error is 0.00115 which is very less. The performance of sand gives the similar better model result as given by traditional using different parameter. The taper of cut is higher with this mixing particle and better feed rate.
Design and Analysis of Slotted Horn for Ultrasonic Plastic Welding
Authors: Kumar R. Dipin , Rani Muniswamy Roopa , Elangovan Sooriyamoorthi
Published: July 2014

Ultrasonic horns are tuned components designed to vibrate in a longitudinal mode at ultrasonic frequencies. Reliable performance of such horns is normally associated with the amplitude of vibration, uniformity of vibration amplitude at the working surface and the avoidance of modal participation by non-tuned modes at the operating frequency. In order to maximise vibration amplitude uniformity, standard slotting configurations are included in the horn design. In this work the slot position in the horn is optimised using factorial design of experiments and the mathematical model developed is further interfaced with genetic algorithm. Modal and harmonic analysis of the horn is done using ANSYS software package. It is observed that slotted block horn with optimised slot position vibrates in longitudinal mode with uniform displacement amplitude across the face of the sonotrode.
Discussion on Ranking the Sawability of Rocks Using a Combined Multiple Attribute Decision Making Method
Authors: Dewangan Saurabh , Chattopadhyaya Somnath
Published: July 2014

The present paper deals with the comparison and ranking among different rocks (granites) considering sawability as objective parameter. The procedure is based on the combined multiple attribute decision making (MADM) method. The comparison was realised by using combination of TOPSIS and AHP together. Factors such as Uniaxial Compressive Strength, Mohs Hardness, Quartz Content, Abrasiveness, Brazilian Tensile Strength and Grain Size were considered as affecting attributes to sawability of rocks.