bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE USES AND ABUSES OF HISTORY BY MARGARET MACMILLAN
Authors: Merzić Omer
Published: July 2021

One thing that unites all people regardless of their current place in the world is their history and their past. Another similarity that unites them is the tendency to distort the past for their own ends. Every country and every nation have their own myths which have become the cornerstone in their establishment andprogress. The misuse of history is most dominantly done by ideologies and their creators as a tool in justifying their work. The author of this book is Margaret MacMillan, who is a Canadian histo- rian most notable for her work on the Versailles conference of 1919, which she mentions more than once in this book. MacMillan’s understanding and insight into history and national iden- tity are brought out in this book, where she points out mythical roots of some of today’s most problematic national and ethnic questions.
Acque reflue e rischio ambientale: inquinamento fluviale nella Roma imperiale
Authors: Arena Gaetano
Published: July 2021

The paper intends to examine a specific area of research concerning the pollution of large rivers – the Tiber above all but not exclusively – and the resulting contamination of water and air as well as the depletion of fish fauna and related food risks. The data on the damage to fluvial (but also lake and marine) habitats are not presented by the intellectuals of the Flavian-Trajan and Antonine ages (Pliny the Elder, Pliny the Younger, Galen) in an ‘environmentalist’ perspective stricto sensu, but each time presented in terms of moral condemnation, or of political propaganda aimed at seeking consensus or even in terms of risk to health and/or possible economic damage. In spite of this, from a legal point of view, appears undeniable a concern of the State to introduce measures aimed at limiting environmental damages as well as protecting and conserving natural resources, although certainly not systematic, but dictated by completely pragmatic needs and by occasional or emergency circumstances.
Inversion of pheromone preference optimizes foraging in C. elegans
Authors: Dal Bello Martina , Pérez-Escudero Alfonso , Schroeder Frank C , Gore Jeff
Published: July 2021

Foraging animals have to locate food sources that are usually patchily distributed and subject to competition. Deciding when to leave a food patch is challenging and requires the animal to integrate information about food availability with cues signaling the presence of other individuals (e.g., pheromones). To study how social information transmitted via pheromones can aid foraging decisions, we investigated the behavioral responses of the model animalCaenorhabditis elegansto food depletion and pheromone accumulation in food patches. We experimentally show that animals consuming a food patch leave it at different times and that the leaving time affects the animal preference for its pheromones. In particular, worms leaving early are attracted to their pheromones, while worms leaving later are repelled by them. We further demonstrate that the inversion from attraction to repulsion depends on associative learning and, by implementing a simple model, we highlight that it is an adaptive solution to optimize food intake during foraging.
A new Heterodontosaurus specimen elucidates the unique ventilatory macroevolution of ornithischian dinosaurs
Authors: Radermacher Viktor J , Fernandez Vincent , Schachner Emma R , Butler Richard J , Bordy Emese M , Naylor Hudgins Michael , de Klerk William J , Chapelle Kimberley EJ , Choiniere Jonah N
Published: July 2021

Ornithischian dinosaurs were ecologically prominent herbivores of the Mesozoic Era that achieved a global distribution by the onset of the Cretaceous. The ornithischian body plan is aberrant relative to other ornithodiran clades, and crucial details of their early evolution remain obscure. We present a new, fully articulated skeleton of the early branching ornithischianHeterodontosaurus tucki. Phase-contrast enhanced synchrotron data of this new specimen reveal a suite of novel postcranial features unknown in any other ornithischian, with implications for the early evolution of the group. These features include a large, anteriorly projecting sternum; bizarre, paddle-shaped sternal ribs; and a full gastral basket – the first recovered in Ornithischia. These unusual anatomical traits provide key information on the evolution of the ornithischian body plan and suggest functional shifts in the ventilatory apparatus occurred close to the base of the clade. We complement these anatomical data with a quantitative analysis of ornithischian pelvic architecture, which allows us to make a specific, stepwise hypothesis for their ventilatory evolution.
Comparative efficacy of different renin angiotensin system blockade therapies in patients with IgA nephropathy: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of 17 RCTs
Authors: Huo Zhihao , Ye Huizhen , Ye Peiyi , Xiao Guanqing , Zhang Zhe , Kong Yaozhong
Published: July 2021

Background

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is still one of the most prevalent forms of primary glomerulonephritis globally. However, no guidelines have clearly indicated which kinds of renin angiotensin system blockade therapies (ACEIs or ARBs or their combination) in patients with IgAN result in a greater reduction in proteinuria and a better preservation of kidney function. Thus, we conducted a Bayesian network analysis to evaluate the relative effects of these three therapy regimens in patients with IgAN.

Methods

The protocol was registered in PROSPERO with ID CRD42017073726. We comprehensively searched the PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, China Biology Medicine disc, WanFang and CNKI databases for studies published since 1993 as well as some grey literature according to PICOS strategies. Pairwise meta-analysis and Bayesian network analysis were conducted to evaluate the effect of different regimens.

Results

Seventeen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1,006 patients were analyzed. Co-administration of ACEIs and ARBs had the highest probability (92%) of being the most effective therapy for reducing proteinuria and blood pressure, but ACEIs would be the most appropriate choice for protecting kidney function in IgAN.

Conclusion

The combination of ACEIs and ARBs seems to have a significantly better antiproteinuric effect and a greater reduction of blood pressure than ACEI or ARB monotherapy in IgAN. ACEIs appear to be a more renoprotective therapy regimen among three therapies.
Serum albumin and albuminuria predict the progression of chronic kidney disease in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study
Authors: Li Yujiao , Ji Xiaobing , Ni Wenji , Luo Yong , Ding Bo , Ma Jianhua , Zhu Jian
Published: July 2021

Background

Diabetes-related kidney disease is associated with end-stage renal disease and a high mortality rate. However, data on risk factors associated with kidney disease in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) remains insufficient. The aim of the present study was to identify the risk factors significantly associated with chronic kidney disease progression in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 DM.

Methods

We reviewed a total of 254 consecutive patients who were newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at Nanjing First Hospital from January to December 2014. They were observed for two years, and baseline and biochemical variables were used to identify significant predictors of kidney failure progression. Kidney failure progression was defined as a ≥ 30% increase in serum creatine level.

Results

The mean age of patients was 58.96 years, 37.4% were women, and 57.1% had hypertension. Kidney function progressed in 40 patients (15.75%). Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that serum albumin (p = 0.015) and microalbuminuria (p < 0.001) were associated with kidney failure progression in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 DM. Those with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; 30–60 ml/min/1.73 m2) at baseline had lower serum albumin levels compared to those of patients with higher eGFR. The albuminuria levels were higher in patients with lower eGFR than in those with eGFR ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m2. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.754 (95% CI [0.670–0. 0.837]).

Conclusions

The overall rate of chronic kidney disease progression is relatively high, and low serum albumin and high albuminuria levels are associated with kidney failure progression in newly diagnosed diabetic patients.
ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ ШТОРМА 1969 г. В ПИЦУНДЕ И МЕРЫ ПО ИХ ПРЕОДОЛЕНИЮ, "Наука юга России"
Authors: Кринко Е.Ф. , Семёнов В.С.
Published: July 2021

Шторм 1969 г. в Пицунде вошел в число наиболее резонансных событий среди природных катаклизмов конца 1960-х гг. на юге СССР. Пицунда являлась одним из главных мест отдыха советской политической и культурной элиты, а также зарубежных туристов. Но ошибки в строительстве курортного комплекса, прежде всего сокращение природного пляжа, нарушили естественное равновесие. Советское правительство приняло специальные постановления для ликвидации последствий шторма и для защиты от разрушения берегов Черного моря. Руководство страны поставило задачи выработать новые технологии берегоукрепления, устранить ошибки в морском гидротехническом строительстве. Ключевым направлением работы было намечено внедрение принципов сбережения природной устойчивости береговой линии, учет долговременных последствий вмешательства в естественные процессы, исследование влияния на них строительства различных сооружений. Новые нормы рационального проектирования берегоукрепительных сооружений и прогнозы изменений береговой зоны предполагалось максимально широко распространять в практической деятельности заинтересованных организаций в прибрежных регионах страны. Были предприняты шаги по запрету изъятий наносов с пляжей, из низовьев рек и с морского дна, налажен контроль выполнения соответствующих постановлений, приняты меры по созданию предприятий по добыче гравия, гальки и песка вне береговой зоны. На отечественную науку были возложены задачи по изучению и освоению ресурсов морских побережий, исследованию малоизученных природных процессов, выработке прогнозов трансформации берегов, выявлению ошибок в проектировании прибрежных сооружений, а также формированию соответствующих предложений. Но в реализации названных задач административно-управленческие структуры, научно-исследовательские и производственные организации столкнулись со значительными сложностями. Эти вопросы по-прежнему актуальны, что увеличивает важность изучения соответствующих событий, причин успехов и неудач.
A CASE STUDY: ANUVASANA BASTI WITH KETAKYADI TAILAM IN LOW BACKACHE
Authors: P G Gopitha , George Joshi
Published: July 2021

Low back ache is the pain in the lumbo-sacral region triggered by combination of factors like muscle strain, overuse, injury or trauma to muscles, ligaments and disc that support the spine. A diagnosed case of Low back ache came with complaints of pain over low back region, stiffness and limitation in the movements of lumbo-sacral joint since 2 years. There was no history of trauma or fall and other systemic illness. A positive family history was noted. In Ayurveda, it can be correlated with Asthigata vata and deranged Vata dosha is the main cause for pain. The primordial treatment for Vata dushti is Basti, especially Anuvasana vasti. Ketakyadi taila is very effective in Asthigata vata. So Anuvasana Basti with Ketakyadi tailam is administered continuous 9 days. The clinical symptoms like low back pain and stiffness got relieved markedly on 5th day itself. After the entire treatment the condition of the patient improved remarkably.
CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ANALYSIS OF SNIGDHA AND RUKSHA: A REVIEW
Authors: Divya C C , Kirathamoorthy P P
Published: July 2021

Concept of guna (quality) is an important theory in Ayurveda. The word meaning of guna is that which creates attraction. According to Sankhya darshana world originated from triguna in the process of evolution. So it considers the whole universe as trigunatmaka. Vaisheshika includes guna under shadpadartha. The relevance of guna increases on coming to classical period. In the context of roga (disease) and chikitsa (treatment), guna has an important role. We can see the role of guna in all areas of trisutra Ayurveda. Gurvadi guna have more importance because of its pharmacological and therapeutic application. Snigdha and Ruksha are important pair of guna. In normal state both have a role in Dosha and Dhatu level. When disturbed it leads to many ill effects and takes part in pathogenesis of many diseases. As our chikitsa is based on Nidana Parivarjana (avoidance of cause) and Samprapti vighattana (intervention in the pathogenesis), we have to concentrate more on these guna while doing treatment. The present study aims to expose Snigdha and Ruksha guna in perspective of its importance in physiological, pathological and therapeutic aspects. Proper identification and precise application of these guna will help in our chikitsa.
Genetic Relationship between the Different Ethno-Linguistic Groups of Mezam and Momo Divisions of the North West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Fosah Ngum Precious , Cho-Ngwa Fidelis
Published: July 2021

Aim: Although the many ethnolinguistic groups of the Mezam and Momo Divisions of the North West Region of Cameroon are historically known to be related, no genetic study has hider to be conducted to verify the claim. This study was therefore aimed at determining the genetic relationship between the different ethno linguistic groups of Mezam and Momo divisions of north west Cameroon using 6 Y-STR loci.

Materials and methods: Venous blood samples were collected from, at least 30 consented participants from each of 11 ethnolinguistic groups previously identified in the study area. Genomic DNA was isolated and six Y- Chromosome Short Tandem Repeats (Y-STRs): DYS388, DYS389I DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, and DYS393, were genotyped using standard techniques and the phylogenetic relationship between these groups established.

Results: Four loci (DYS3891, DYS390, DYS391, and DYS392) had an allele frequency of 1 in all 11 groups and a total of 4 haplotypes were obtained. Haplotype 11-13-21-11-9-10 corresponding to DYS388-DYS389I-DYS390-DYS392-DYS393-DYS391 was the most predominant in all populations.

Conclusion: It is concluded that, all 11 populations included in this study have a common genetic origin, the Bakaka population of Cameroon which correlates with their Bantoid linguistic relatedness.
The Influence of Water Physical Chemical Quality on the Zooplankton Community Structure in the Upstream Citarum River of West Java Province
Authors: Alhafidzoh Seldatia Syifani , Hasan Zahidah , Sunarto . , Herawati Heti
Published: July 2021

The Citarum River is the longest river in West Java Province which is used for various human activities to produce a load of waste input into water bodies which cause changes in the physical and chemical parameters of the waters that will affect the life of aquatic organisms that live in it, one of which is zooplankton. Zooplankton can be used as a water bioindicator because it has a high level of sensitivity to pollution, especially in freshwater. The purpose of this research is to determine the physical-chemical quality of the water in the Citarum River and its influence on the structure of the zooplankton community in this environment. The research was carried out from August 2020 until October 2020 with a purposive sampling method. Sampling was carried out at 5 stations with 6 repetitions every 1 week. The parameters observed were physical and chemical parameters of the waters, an abundance of zooplankton, diversity index, and dominance index. The results showed that the composition of zooplankton in the Upstream Citarum River was 15 genus consisting of 2 phyla. The abundance of zooplankton obtained ranged from 21 - 51 individuals/L. The Simpson diversity index (D) obtained a range between 0.59 - 0.73 for the high category. The dominance index obtained ranges from 0.27 to 0.41 for the low category. Dissolved oxygen and pH are the parameters that most influence the presence of most of the identified zooplankton orders.
Response of Iron and Zinc on Yield Attributes, Yield and Economics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Choudhary Babulal , Sharma P. K. , Mandeewal Rameshwr Lal , Verma B. L. , Dudwal Mahipal
Published: July 2021

A field study was conducted during Rabi season of 2019-20 on “Response of Iron and Zinc on Yield Attributes, Yield and Economics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” at Research Farm of Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur. The treatments comprised different combinations of recommended dose of fertilizer and micronutrients. Results showed that the yield attributes and yield net returns and benefit cost ratio of wheat was significantly increased due to application of different treatment combinations of zinc and iron. The maximum number of effective tillers m-2, grains spike-1, spike length, grain yield (4887 kg ha-1), straw yield (6718 kg ha-1) and biological yield (11606 kg ha-1) of wheat was obtained with RDF + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 + FeSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 (T10). Application of RDF + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 + foliar application of ZnSO4 (0.5%) at tillering stage (T6) gave highest net returns ( 65168 ha-1) and B: C ratio (2.83).
Promotor Anchored - RAPD Analysis of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.) Accessions Selected For High Iron and Zinc Content
Authors: Gangtire Dhiraj , Magar Nakul D. , Khelurkar Vaibhav , Moharil Mangesh P. , Jadhav P. V. , Katkar R. N. , Ghorade R. B. , Suprasanna P.
Published: July 2021

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is nutri-cereal crop having it is rich in β-carotene, vitamin B-complex and micronutrients like minerals. In the present research, we have studied biochemical properties and molecular profiling to identify the core set of foxtail millet (Setaria italic L.) accessions for high Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) content. Total seventy-nine accessions and selected mutants variety PS4 of foxtail millet were used. The biochemical investigation revealed that accessions M2-106, IC120407, M3-61/HB-13, and IC120255 consist of high iron and zinc content. The genetic variability among the genotypes was revealed by 28 Promoter Anchored Amplified Polymorphic (PAAP-RAPD) primers of which OPE9+GC1, OPE9+CA1, UBC001+CA1, UBC001+TA1, UBC693+G1 showed 100% polymorphism, whereas UBC693+GC1 and OPE7+G1 showed 88% and 80% polymorphism, respectively, with an average of 45.95 % polymorphism. Total alleles per locus were 3.31, whereas, the average number of monomorphic and polymorphic alleles were 1.72 and 1.56, respectively. The extent of polymorphic information content (PIC) of PAAP-RAPD loci ranged from 0.5 to 0.87 with an average value of 0.41. For PAAP-RAPD, the maximum PIC value was observed in marker UBC693+GC1 (0.87 %) and the minimum were OPE5+CA1 and OPE9+CA1 (0.5 %). Molecular characterizations result showing highest similarity (0.932) between accessions Shrilakshmi and Prasad, whereas, the lowest similarity coefficient was observed between IC120255 and M3-75/AM-1 (0.697) with PS4.UPGMA dendrogram grouped the foxtail millet accessions in five clusters which marked high diversity in M3-61/HB-13 and M3-75/AM-1. It implies that PAAP-RAPD markers are significantly screened in the foxtail millet accessions and have enumerated high genetic diversity.
A Review of the Literature Relating to Collagen Hydrolysate and Its Potential Clinical Applications
Authors: Wakeman M.
Published: July 2021

The increasing commercial necessity to valorise commodities such as gelatine has led to significant developments in its processing and the outcome of these refinements has resulted in new applications in fields such as pharmaceuticals, medical devices, cosmetics, food and nutraceuticals. This in turn has led to the investigation of alternative sources of compounds with collagen-like properties, other than the conventionally used raw materials from mammalian species. Moreover, the current desire to seek natural, rather than synthetic compounds-especially regarding oral consumption and/or topical application-combined with the ability of gelatine derived products to form gels with varying degrees of flexibility and hydroplasticity has also accelerated research into previously unexplored applications. In the food sector, these include:- use of gelatine derivatives as an encapsulating agent (including the development of micro-beads as carriers of active compounds) foaming agents, emulsifiers, biodegradable films, colloid stabilizers and as nutraceuticals. The latter sector has especially benefitted from developments in enzymatic hydrolysis processes, where specific and highly characterised bioactive peptides often containing the amino acid hydroxyproline are end-products which have been identified to be orally bioavailable and metabolised and hence likely to deliver potential clinical benefits. This review examines manufacturing processes employed to typically produce hydrolysed collagen, evaluates studies examining bioavailability, metabolism and likely health benefits as well as potential clinical applications as a nutraceutical.
Design of Grid-connected and Stand-alone Photovoltaic Systems for Residential Energy Usage: A Technical Analysis
Authors: Makinde Kehinde Adeleye , Adewuyi Oludamilare Bode , Amole Abraham Olatide , Adeaga Oyetunde Adeoye
Published: July 2021

Towards realizing the United Nations sustainable development goals, access to clean, cheap and reliable energy, especially electricity, has been considered as one of the vital indices in any community. Hence, this paper presents the design analysis of both a grid-connected and an offgrid photovoltaic (PV) systems for household users in the highly residential city of Ogbomoso in Nigeria using PVGIS software. For the off-grid design, it is estimated that, given a total daily load of 9.57 kWh, a 3.5 kWp PV array size and a battery capacity of 86 kWh are enough to power the load  with 5 days of autonomy and 70% depth of battery discharge. For the grid-connected PV system, the annual energy output for a building-integrated PV system is found to be around 4006 kWh; and a total of eight PV modules (each rated 250 Wp, 30.93 V) are stringed to arrive at the desired capacity of 2 kWp. In terms of performance, the performance ratio (PR) of a building integrated grid-tied PV system at the study location was found to be 71.2% while for a free-standing PV system, the PR was 75%.
Phytochemical Profile and Pharmacological Aspects of Achyranthes aspera Linn- An Overview
Authors: Nargatti Prakash , Patil Sudhir , Wadkar Kiran
Published: July 2021

Background: Achyranthes asperaLinn, commonly known as Apamarga in Ayurveda (Prickly Chaff flower in English, Aghara in Hindi, Aghada in Marathi), is aannual, perennial herb that belong to Family Amaranthaceae and Genus Achyranthes consisting of several species which are popular as folk remedies. Certain ayurvedic and Unani practitioners use various parts of plant to treat various diseases.The present review aims to provide up-to-date information on different aspects of plant involving its botanical description, phytochemistry and bioactivities of different extractsto assess its therapeutic potential as a valuable source of natural compounds with beneficial effects on human health.

Methodology: Systematic search of scientific databases like Google, Google scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, SciFinder, Springer link were used to find potentially significant scientific research and reports of Achyranthes asperaLinnusing combination of relevant keywords.

Results: Achyranthes aspera Linn is a popular folk remedy in the traditional medicinal system in all tropical Asian and African countries. So far,58 important compounds have been isolated and identified from various parts of plant. These isolated constituents are mainly flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, phytosterols; phenolic compounds etc which posseses activities like anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, spermicidal and other various important medicinal properties.

Conclusion: Even though this plant consists of a wide range of phytochemicals and evaluated forbiological activities using various in-vitro and in-vivo models but they are limited. More attention should be paid to identify mechanisms that underlie beneficial therapeutic potential.It is essential to conduct the next level of research, by extending pharmacological to design novel drugs.
Puzzle Out the Reason behind Prolonged Hospital Stay among Children
Authors: Shaikh Bela , Ghoto Samina , Khilji Abdullah , Khan Muhammad , Mughal Faizah , Kazmi Tayyaba
Published: July 2021

Aim: To find out the reasons behind prolonged hospital stay among children.

Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional

Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at the People university of medical and health sciences hospital during the period of November 2020 to April 2021.

Methodology: All the children between the age group of 1 year to 12 years, who were admitted in pediatric ward of the hospital for any reason, were included in the study. Prolonged hospital stay was labelled when it exceeded above 7 days. A self-designed proforma was made which consisted of demographic data, total duration of stay and the most probable cause of stay. Data was analyzed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant

Results: The mean age of the study participants with standard deviation was 6.8 ± 2.3 years. Half of the participants (50.9%) admitted in hospital for prolonged duration were from the age group of ≤ 5 years. About 55.7% of the participants were female and majority were from the lower socioeconomic class (53.8%) Mean and standard deviation of duration of hospital stay was 11.85 ± 2.29. In majority of cases (n=80) there was delay in consulting a physician which was followed by resistant to the therapy and acquiring nosocomial infection while very few of the cases were having some invasive procedure done so increased duration of stay.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the younger age group that is less than 5 years is the most significant risk factor while the most common reason is the delayed consultation to the physician.
Contribution to Lab Errors as a Healthcare Professional
Authors: Panchbudhe Sanjyoti , Kumar Shilpa
Published: July 2021

With the emergence of new diagnostic markers every day, laboratory investigations have become an essential and integral part of healthcare. It is prudent to ensure that this dependence on diagnosis and treatment in laboratories is serious and responsible. This responsibility does not lie solely within the confines of a laboratory but extends to any healthcare personnel involved in the process of report generation. Reviews revolving around this topic focus on the laboratory's roles and conclude with the emphasis on paying attention to the extra-analytical phases. In this review, we attempt to expand our audience to include all healthcare professionals and highlight their role in increasing or minimizing laboratory errors. The process of creating a reliable report will be viewed as a shared responsibility. This includes the patient who has the responsibility to follow the direction given before specimen collection and extends to the doctor who interprets the results, keeping in mind all the inherent limitations that a test encompasses.
Effects of Kegels Exercises and Fitness Exercises in Improving the Stress, Urge or Mixed Urinary Incontinence (U.I.) Among the Elderly Seniors Using an Adult Urinary Diaper Pad Method
Authors: Vijayakumar K. , Kondaveeti Suresh Babu , Chandratre Soham , Dineshkumar D. , Chakravarthy J. Pranu
Published: July 2021

Urinary incontinence (U.I.) is a medical condition in which there an inability to control the urine during rest or even in some strenuous activities. Aging, Overweight, anxiety, and stress were the predisposing factors in developing U.I. 28 healthy male volunteers between the age group of 65-75 were analyzed in this interventional study. A urinary diaper pad was used to assess the leakage during strenuous activities. According to the American college of sports medicine (ACSM) guidelines, the exercises were prescribed and executed. SPSS software version 18 has been used for the analysis of statistics obtained with a confidence interval of 95%. By implementing descriptive statistics Mean and standard deviations (S.D.) were noted. To get the effectiveness of the intervention, paired t-test was done, and a p-value with <0.05 was set as a level of significance for all the tests conducted. Positive changes were observed in the reduction of urinary leakage among the participants. The present study reports about finding the effects of Kegels exercise and fitness exercises among the elderly seniors with Urinary Incontinence, designed by the guidelines provided by ACSM health-related fitness components.
True Umbilical Cord Knot Leading to Fetal Distress – an Obstetric Emergency
Authors: Patel Twisha , Pajai Sandhya
Published: July 2021

Background: Umbilical cord true knot is a rare condition which affects about 1% of all pregnancies. Though the incidence is lower, it often goes undetected in antenatal period despite the availability of prenatal sonography and may lead to a compromised fetal outcome as presented in this case. In this case the presence of true knot of umbilical cord was missed despite routine sonography done just 1 week prior to delivery, when patient presented to casualty with complains of decreased fetal movements since 24 hours. This modality is said to be associated with adverse fetal outcome such as birth asphyxia or in adverse cases intra uterine fetal demise. Risk factors include long cord, polyhydramnios, small sized fetus, etc.

Case Summary: 27 years old gravida two, para two, with 1 live issue with k/c/o hypothyroidism with previous lesions came with complaints of decreased fetal movement since 24 hours at 36 weeks 3 days of gestational period. The patient recorded regular ANC checkups and routine investigations within normal limits. Her USG scan done at 34.2 wks showing single loop of cord around neck and normal doppler findings. On examination her vitals were normal .Her abdominal examination showed uterus of 34 wks size, longitudinal lie, cephalic presentation and irritable with mild contractions present with scar tenderness . Her FHS were present/irregular/112 bpm with less variability. On p/v examination os was admitting tip of finger, cervix soft, 25% effaced, station high up, presenting part vertex, membrane present. She was advised admission and a cardio-tocography (CTG) was done which showed recurrent deep atypical variable decelerations with decreased beat to beat variability. An emergent cesarean section was taken. Newborn was a female diagnosed with true umbilical cord knot, 2 cm away from fetal insertion with cord length of 84 cm. The baby was shifted to NICU in view of respiratory distress.

Conclusion: Despite of modern day ultrasonography and Doppler studies, true umbilical cord knot still remains a lesser diagnosed entity and so every pregnant patients should be monitored carefully with a watch for daily fetal movement count (DFMC)and weekly non stress test (NST) for fetal well being.
Fenofibrate inhibits TGF‐β‐induced myofibroblast differentiation and activation in human lung fibroblasts in vitro
Authors: Kikuchi Ryota , Maeda Yuki , Tsuji Takao , Yamaguchi Kazuhiro , Abe Shinji , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Aoshiba Kazutetsu
Published: July 2021

Fenofibrate (FF), a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐alpha (PPAR‐α) agonist and a lipid‐lowering agent, can decrease experimental pulmonary fibrosis. However, the mechanisms underlying the antifibrotic effect of FF remain unknown. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of FF on transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β)‐induced myofibroblast differentiation and activation in lung fibroblasts. The results showed that FF inhibited alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and connective tissue growth factor expression, collagen production, cell motility, SMAD3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, and metabolic reprogramming in TGF‐β‐exposed cells. The inhibitory effect of FF did not decrease with the addition of a PPAR‐α antagonist. Moreover, the inhibitory effect given by FF could not be reproduced with the addition of an alternative PPAR‐α agonist. FF inhibited mitochondrial respiration. However, rotenone, a complex I inhibitor, did not suppress TGF‐β‐induced myofibroblast differentiation. Furthermore, the TGF‐β‐induced nuclear reduction of protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+‐dependent 1A (PPM1A), a SMAD phosphatase, was inhibited by FF. These results showed that FF suppressed TGF‐β‐induced myofibroblast differentiation and activation independent of PPAR‐α activation and impaired mitochondrial respiration. In conclusion, this study provides information on the effects of FF on anti‐TGF‐β mechanisms.
Reasons for undergoing amyloid imaging among cognitively unimpaired older adults
Authors: Ryan Mary M. , Gillen Daniel L. , Grill Joshua D.
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) clinical trials screen cognitively unimpaired older adults for biomarker criteria and disclose their results. We examined whether participants in the Anti‐Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer’s disease Study with “elevated” and “not elevated” amyloid differed in scores on the “Views and Perceptions of Amyloid Imaging” questionnaire. We hypothesized that, prior to disclosure, those with elevated amyloid would score higher than those with not elevated amyloid. We also quantified how responses changed after result disclosure.

Methods

We assessed data from 4327 individuals who completed the questionnaire at screening visit 1 and after amyloid disclosure. We used linear regression models to assess the relationship between questionnaire category scores and amyloid status. We also quantified the relationship between category score changes and amyloid status.

Results

Overall, participants scored altruism and contribution to research as the strongest motivations for undergoing amyloid imaging. Those with elevated amyloid scored 0.23 points higher in the Perceived Risk category, on average, than those who had not elevated amyloid prior to disclosure; this effect attenuated towards zero after adjusting for Cognitive Function Instrument score. After disclosure, participants with elevated amyloid demonstrated less within‐subject change in Perceived Risk, on average, compared to those with similar pre‐disclosure scores who had not elevated amyloid, while demonstrating greater changes in the altruism and planning categories.

Interpretation

Altruism and learning disease risk motivated enrollment in this preclinical AD trial. Participants with elevated amyloid differed from their not elevated counterparts in their perceptions of amyloid imaging, even before undergoing the procedure.
On the Catalytic Activity of Sn Monomers and Dimers at Graphene Edges and the Synchronized Edge Dependence of Diffusing Atoms in Sn Dimers
Authors: Yang Xiaoqin , Ta Huy Q. , Hu Huimin , Liu Shuyuan , Liu Yu , Bachmatiuk Alicja , Luo Jinping , Liu Lijun , Choi Jin‐Ho , Rummeli Mark H.
Published: July 2021

In this study, in situ transmission electron microscopy is performed to study the interaction between single (monomer) and paired (dimer) Sn atoms at graphene edges. The results reveal that a single Sn atom can catalyze both the growth and etching of graphene by the addition and removal of C atoms respectively. Additionally, the frequencies of the energetically favorable configurations of an Sn atom at a graphene edge, calculated using density functional theory calculations, are compared with experimental observations and are found to be in good agreement. The remarkable dynamic processes of binary atoms (dimers) are also investigated and is the first such study to the best of the knowledge. Dimer diffusion along the graphene edges depends on the graphene edge termination. Atom pairs (dimers) involving an armchair configuration tend to diffuse with a synchronized shuffling (step‐wise shift) action, while dimer diffusion at zigzag edge terminations show a strong propensity to collapse the dimer with each atom diffusing in opposite directions (monomer formation). Moreover, the data reveals the role of C feedstock availability on the choice a single Sn atom makes in terms of graphene growth or etching. This study advances the understanding single atom catalytic activity at graphene edges.
Real‐time Tracking and Sensing of Cu+ and Cu2+ with a Single SERS Probe in the Live Brain: Toward Understanding Why Copper Ions Were Increased upon Ischemia
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Liu Zhichao , Wang Weikang , Tian Yang
Published: July 2021

The imbalance of Cu+ and Cu2+ in the brain is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases. However, it still lacks of effective analytical methods for simultaneously determining the concentrations of Cu+ and Cu2+. Herein, we created a novel SERS probe (CuSP) to real‐time track and accurately quantify extracellular concentrations of Cu+ and Cu2+ in the live brain. The present CuSP probe demonstrated specific ability for recognition of Cu+ and Cu2+ in a dual‐recognition mode. Then, a microarray consisting of 8 CuSP probes with high tempo‐spatial resolution and good accuracy was constructed for tracking and simultaneously biosensing of Cu+ and Cu2+ in the cerebral cortex of living brain. Using our powerful tool, it was found that that the concentrations of Cu2+ and Cu+ were increased by ≈4.26 and ≈1.80 times upon ischemia, respectively. Three routes were first discovered for understanding the mechanisms of the increased concentrations of Cu+ and Cu2+ during ischemia.
Synthesis of carbonates from CO2 and epoxides catalyzed by the system of N‐heterocyclic carbene, hydrogen bond donor, CrCl2, and tetrabutylammonium bromide
Authors: Zhang Kuikui , Liu Zhenbang , Liu Ning
Published: July 2021

A three‐component catalytic system including pyridine‐bridged benzimidazolium salts, CrCl2, and tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) was developed. Based on the control experiments and spectroscopic measurements, the role of the three components in the catalytic process was clarified, in which benzimidazolium salts were used as N‐heterocyclic carbene precursor, a new Cr complex generating from the coordination of CrCl2 with pyridine nitrogen and pyrazole nitrogen bearing benzimidazolium salts was employed as hydrogen bond donor, TBAB was used as nucleophilic reagent, respectively. Under mild conditions (50°C and 1 bar CO2), the terminal epoxides displayed high reactivity in the three‐component catalytic system. The catalytic system showed also high catalytic activity for the internal epoxides by increasing the temperature and CO2 pressure and/or prolonging the reaction time.
Sustainability‐guided life‐cycle design and assessment for bio‐based composite foams: Integrate flame retardancy/lightweight in usage and energy utilization after service
Authors: Yue Junfeng , Fu Xuejiao , Lu Jun , Zhang Shuidong , Li Dong , He Yi , Wei Quan , Liu Changhua , Gan Lin , Ahmad Ishak , Huang Jin
Published: July 2021

Sustainable development strategy has aroused a great interest in biomass resources as alternative raw materials. A kind of biomass‐derived poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), has been developed as porous foams to reduce resource exhaustion and meet lightweight demands. For fire‐safety in‐service, graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized by 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) to combine flame‐retardant elements and heat‐barrier function. Hence, a very low loading level of P‐containing GO as only 5 wt% could reduce peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of PBS‐based foams by 58.5% and 22.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, N‐/P‐doped mesoporous char with a specific surface area of 136 m2/g, which derived from combustion of flame‐retardant foaming PBS, contributes to a potential of energy storage applications in the capacitor or the anode of Li‐ion battery with long‐term stability. Overall, the sustainability of bio‐based polyester could integrate lightweight of foaming, and be extended to utilization after use via facile combustion inspired by flame‐retardancy design.
A novel cellulose‐derived carbon aerogel@Na2Ti3O7 composite for efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue
Authors: Liu Yu , Chen Yian , Chen Zhishan , Qi Haisong
Published: July 2021

A scale‐up and sustainable method was developed to fabricate novel photocatalyst cellulose‐derived carbon aerogel@Na2Ti3O7 composite (CAT) by in situ growth of Na2Ti3O7 nanowhisker on the surfaces of fibers. With a three‐dimensional (3D) mesoporous network interconnected structure and a high specific surface area (248.92 m2/g), CAT exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity and methylene blue (MB) removal rate (98.3%). The photocatalytic experimental results showed that the CAT could degrade MB in the aqueous solution within 90 min. Compared with most reported catalysts, CAT exhibited a higher MB removal rate and shorter catalytic time. Therefore, the photocatalyst CAT based on environmentally friendly and low‐cost cellulose displayed great application potential in the degradation of MB.
Facile fabrication of diatomite‐based sponge with high biocompatibility and rapid hemostasis
Authors: Yang He , Ma Zhifang , Guan Xinghua , Xiang Zehong , Ke Yue , Xia Yu , Xin Zhirong , Shi Qiang , Yin Jinghua
Published: July 2021

Excessive bleeding causes a large part of deaths in wars and accidents. It is necessary to prepare a hemostatic material with excellent performance and low cost through a facile strategy. Herein, the diatomite is modified with (3‐Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) to endow the aminated diatomite (ADia) with positive charge and interface compatibility with chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SA). Then, the facile fabrication of CS/SA/ADia sponge is successfully obtained by cross‐linking with calcium ions. Compared to CS/SA sponge, the introduction of ADia further enhances the mechanical properties and hemostatic performance of CS/SA‐based sponges. The composite sponges with 30 wt% ADia are demonstrated to possess high biocompatibility, compressive strength, water adsorption, and rapid hemostatic capability both in vitro and in vivo. The hemostatic performance is interpreted by activation of coagulation factors and platelets in intrinsic pathway, promotion of blood cell adhesion and formation of fibrin network. Our work provides an effective strategy to develop rapid hemostatic materials with low cost and high efficiency.
Crafting Field Station and Marine Lab Communities for Undergraduate Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Authors: Flowers Susan K. , O’Connell Kari , McDermott Victoria M.
Published: July 2021

Field stations and marine labs (FSMLs) in the United States are predominantly white and often heteronormative and cis‐gendered spaces. As such, it can be difficult for people of color and other minoritized groups to gain access, persist, and succeed as field scientists‐in‐training. While making large‐scale changes in how our FSMLs look and operate can seem daunting, many FSMLs are working on DEAI (diversity, equity, accessibility, and inclusion) initiatives through their undergraduate student programs. We give examples from some of these efforts, and we suggest some concrete, achievable steps that we hope the FSML community will find helpful to enhance the human diversity of FSMLs and craft more inclusive and equitable communities. We call on the FSML community at large to collaborate and support each other in this work.
Quantification of field‐incurred residues of cyantraniliprole and IN‐J9Z38 in cabbage/soil using QuEChERS/HPLC‐PDA and dietary risk assessment
Authors: Kumar Niranjan , Narayanan Neethu , Banerjee Tirthankar , Sharma Rakesh Kumar , Gupta Suman
Published: July 2021

Cyantraniliprole is an anthranilic diamide insecticide used for the effective management of diamondback moth in cabbage. Dietary risk assessment of pesticides in food is a major concern now. This study developed a QuEChERS/HPLC‐PDA‐based highly efficient and reliable method, registering 89.80–100.11% recoveries of cyantraniliprole and its metabolite IN‐J9Z38 from cabbage and soil with a relative standard deviation of 0.43–5.77%. Field experiment was conducted to study the residue dissipation of cyantraniliprole in cabbage and soil. Two foliar treatments of 10.26% formulation (Benevia) at 60 (T1) and 120 (T2) gram active ingredient/hectare were applied. The dissipation half‐lives of cyantraniliprole in cabbage and soil were determined to be 3.5–4.2 and 3.8–5.3 days at T1 and 3.9–4.8 and 4.1–4.7 days at T2, respectively. The maximum concentrations of IN‐J9Z38 at T1 and T2 were 0.819 and 1.061 mg/kg, respectively, on the fifth day. A risk quotient value of <1 indicates no dietary risk to the consumers. The residues in the harvested cabbage were below the tolerance level of 2.0 mg/kg established by the regulatory body in India.
Future perspectives on the role of extended producer responsibility within a circular economy: A Delphi study using the case of the Netherlands
Authors: Campbell‐Johnston Kieran , de Munck Maurits , Vermeulen Walter J. V. , Backes Chris
Published: July 2021

Extended producer responsibility (EPR) is a proposed policy approach to promoting the circular economy (CE) within the European Union. This research used a policy Delphi to explore perspectives on improving EPR policies to further contribute to the CE goals of the Netherlands. Both the potential improvement and critical reflections discussed by CE and EPR experts and practitioners from this study contribute to a more detailed understanding of the future governance of CE practices. We present various activities to improve EPR and insights from Delphi participants that emerged from the study. This paper shows that whilst actors agree, in essence, that there is a need for modifying EPR, what the specific changes to the form are and to whom the new responsibilities apply is contested.
Hemodynamic changes during transcatheter atrial septal defect closure predict midterm heart failure deterioration in adults
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Shinke Toshiro , Otake Hiromasa , Terashita Daisuke , Nagasawa Akira , Tanimura Kousuke , Matsumoto Kensuke , Tanaka Hidekazu , Hirata Ken‐ichi
Published: July 2021

Objectives

To investigate whether hemodynamic changes during balloon occlusion test (BOT) predict future heart failure (HF) deterioration after transcatheter atrial septal defect closure (tASD‐closure).

Background

Midterm HF deterioration can sometimes occur after tASD‐closure in adults. Whether hemodynamic changes during tASD‐closure can help identify patients at risk is unknown.

Methods

This prospective observational study enrolled 86 consecutive adult patients who underwent tASD‐closure. Hemodynamic parameters, including pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), were measured at baseline, during BOT, and after tASD‐closure. The changes in PCWP during BOT and after tASD‐closure were defined as ΔPCWP (Occ‐Pre) and ΔPCWP (Post‐Pre), respectively. Clinical parameters were evaluated before tASD‐closure and during the 3‐month follow‐up. We assessed the occurrence of HF deterioration (HF requiring hospitalization or additional diuretics) during a 2‐year follow‐up period and categorized patients into HF (+) and HF (−) groups accordingly. The aforementioned parameters were compared between groups.

Results

Midterm HF deterioration occurred in 12 patients (13.9%). Compared to the HF (−) group, the HF (+) group presented a significantly higher ΔPCWP (Occ‐Pre) (9.5 ± 4.4 mmHg vs. 3.0 ± 3.3 mmHg; p < 0.001) and ΔPCWP (Post‐Pre) (4.0 ± 2.8 mmHg vs. 0.6 ± 1.8 mmHg; p = 0.004). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the ΔPCWP (Occ‐Pre) cutoff value of 5.5 mmHg had excellent ability to predict HF deterioration (Area under the curve 0.886 [0.779–0.993], p < 0.001; sensitivity 0.917, specificity 0.824).

Conclusions

Increases in PCWP during BOT predict midterm HF deterioration after tASD‐closure. Close surveillance may be needed in patients with a ΔPCWP (Occ‐Pre) >5 mmHg.