bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Political Socialization Programmes: The Youth Parliament Experience in Brazil
Authors: Fuks Mario
Published: October 2015

This article investigates the changes that civic education programmes produce in their participants, and offers an integrated view of the determinants as well as the resulting effect patterns. The main conclusions are: 1) values are more resistant to change than motivation, political knowledge, and attitudes towards political institutions; 2) cognitive gains and attitudinal changes are more likely to occur (and with greater intensity) when the object belongs to the programme’s environment; 3) the effects on political participation do not occur in the present, but the data indicates a tendency towards greater participation later in adult life; 4) the programme’s quality and the participant’s motivation stand out because, usually, they affect the influence of other factors. The object of this study is the Mineiro Youth Parliament in its 2008 edition. The research design follows the logic of quasi-experimental research [Campbell, D. and J. Stanley (1979)
Typical and Atypical Development of Functional Connectivity in the Face Network
Authors: Song Yiying , Zhu Qi , Li Jingguang , Wang Xu , Liu Jia
Published: October 2015

Extensive studies have demonstrated that face recognition performance does not reach adult levels until adolescence. However, there is no consensus on whether such prolonged improvement stems from development of general cognitive factors or face-specific mechanisms. Here, we used behavioral experiments and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to evaluate these two hypotheses. With a large cohort of children (n= 379), we found that the ability of face-specific recognition in humans increased with age throughout childhood and into late adolescence in both face memory and face perception. Neurally, to circumvent the potential problem of age differences in task performance, attention, or cognitive strategies in task-state fMRI studies, we measured the resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between the occipital face area (OFA) and fusiform face area (FFA) in human brain and found that the OFA-FFA RSFC increased until 11–13 years of age. Moreover, the OFA-FFA RSFC was selectively impaired in adults with developmental prosopagnosia (DP). In contrast, no age-related changes or differences between DP and normal adults were observed for RSFCs in the object system. Finally, the OFA-FFA RSFC matured earlier than face selectivity in either the OFA or FFA. These results suggest the critical role of the OFA-FFA RSFC in the development of face recognition. Together, our findings support the hypothesis that prolonged development of face recognition is face specific, not domain general.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThere is long-standing debate on whether the prolonged age-related improvement in face recognition performance stems from development of general cognitive factors or face-specific mechanisms. Here, we provide novel evidence for protracted development of face-specific mechanisms. Specifically, the resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between the fusiform face area and occipital face area, two core brain areas in the face network, increased until 11–13 years of age and was selectively impaired in adults with developmental prosopagnosia. These results suggested the importance of the face network RSFC in the development of face recognition. Our study invites a broader investigation of whether the development of other cognitive abilities is similarly guided by the development of connectivity within the corresponding neural networks.
Distinct Mechanisms Underlie Quiescence during TwoCaenorhabditis elegansSleep-Like States
Authors: Trojanowski Nicholas F. , Nelson Matthew D. , Flavell Steven W. , Fang-Yen Christopher , Raizen David M.
Published: October 2015

Electrophysiological recordings have enabled identification of physiologically distinct yet behaviorally similar states of mammalian sleep. In contrast, sleep in nonmammals has generally been identified behaviorally and therefore regarded as a physiologically uniform state characterized by quiescence of feeding and locomotion, reduced responsiveness, and rapid reversibility. The nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansdisplays sleep-like quiescent behavior under two conditions: developmentally timed quiescence (DTQ) occurs during larval transitions, and stress-induced quiescence (SIQ) occurs in response to exposure to cellular stressors. Behaviorally, DTQ and SIQ appear identical. Here, we use optogenetic manipulations of neuronal and muscular activity, pharmacology, and genetic perturbations to uncover circuit and molecular mechanisms of DTQ and SIQ. We find that locomotion quiescence induced by DTQ- and SIQ-associated neuropeptides occurs via their action on the nervous system, although their neuronal target(s) and/or molecular mechanisms likely differ. Feeding quiescence during DTQ results from a loss of pharyngeal muscle excitability, whereas feeding quiescence during SIQ results from a loss of excitability in the nervous system. Together these results indicate that, as in mammals, quiescence is subserved by different mechanisms during distinct sleep-like states inC. elegans.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSleep behavior is characterized by cessation of feeding and locomotion, reduced responsiveness, and rapid reversibility. In mammals and birds, there are sleep states that have fundamentally different electrophysiology despite outwardly similar behavior. However, it is not clear whether behavioral sleep is a uniform state in animals in which electrophysiology is not readily possible. The nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansdisplays sleep-like behavior under two conditions: during development and after exposure to environmental stressors. Here, we show that feeding and locomotion quiescence during these two sleep-like states are produced by different mechanisms. This provides the first identification of two mechanistically distinct forms of quiescence during sleep-like states in an invertebrate.
Selective Dysregulation of Hippocampal Inhibition in the Mouse Lacking Autism Candidate GeneCNTNAP2
Authors: Jurgensen Sofia , Castillo Pablo E.
Published: October 2015

Mutations in the human gene encoding contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2) have been strongly associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).Cntnap2−/−mice recapitulate major features of ASD, including social impairment, reduced vocalizations, and repetitive behavior. In addition,Cntnap2−/−mice show reduced cortical neuronal synchrony and develop spontaneous seizures throughout adulthood. As suggested for other forms of ASDs, this phenotype could reflect some form of synaptic dysregulation. However, the impact of lifelong deletion ofCNTNAP2on synaptic function in the brain remains unknown. To address this issue, we have assessed excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in acute hippocampal slices ofCntnap2−/−mice. We found that although excitatory transmission was mostly normal, inhibition onto CA1 pyramidal cells was altered inCntnap2−/−mice. Specifically, putative perisomatic, but not dendritic, evoked IPSCs were significantly reduced in these mice. Whereas both inhibitory short-term plasticity and miniature IPSC frequency and amplitude were normal inCntnap2−/−mice, we found an unexpected increase in the frequency of spontaneous, action potential-driven IPSCs. Altered hippocampal inhibition could account for the behavioral phenotypeCntnap2−/−mice present later in life. Overall, our findings thatCntnap2deletion selectively impairs perisomatic hippocampal inhibition while sparing excitation provide additional support for synaptic dysfunction as a common mechanism underlying ASDs.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe gene encoding contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2) stands out as one the first genes to have both rare and common mutations strongly associated with ASDs. WhereasCntnap2−/−mice appear to recapitulate core behavioral endophenotypes (e.g., social impairment, language deficits, and repetitive behavior), the cellular and circuit bases of this phenotype remain poorly understood. Here, we report that synaptic inhibition specifically onto the perisomatic compartment of CA1 pyramidal cells is impaired, whereas dendritic inhibition and excitatory transmission remain basically unchanged inCntnap2−/−mice. These findings provide additional support to the notion that disruption of inhibition, in particular perisomatic inhibition onto principal cells, could play a critical role in ASDs.
Hemispheric Asymmetries in Striatal Reward Responses Relate to Approach–Avoidance Learning and Encoding of Positive–Negative Prediction Errors in Dopaminergic Midbrain Regions
Authors: Aberg Kristoffer Carl , Doell Kimberly C. , Schwartz Sophie
Published: October 2015

Some individuals are better at learning about rewarding situations, whereas others are inclined to avoid punishments (i.e., enhanced approach or avoidance learning, respectively). In reinforcement learning, action values are increased when outcomes are better than predicted (positive prediction errors [PEs]) and decreased for worse than predicted outcomes (negative PEs). Because actions with high and low values are approached and avoided, respectively, individual differences in the neural encoding of PEs may influence the balance between approach–avoidance learning. Recent correlational approaches also indicate that biases in approach–avoidance learning involve hemispheric asymmetries in dopamine function. However, the computational and neural mechanisms underpinning such learning biases remain unknown. Here we assessed hemispheric reward asymmetry in striatal activity in 34 human participants who performed a task involving rewards and punishments. We show that the relative difference in reward response between hemispheres relates to individual biases in approach–avoidance learning. Moreover, using a computational modeling approach, we demonstrate that better encoding of positive (vs negative) PEs in dopaminergic midbrain regions is associated with better approach (vs avoidance) learning, specifically in participants with larger reward responses in the left (vs right) ventral striatum. Thus, individual dispositions or traits may be determined by neural processes acting to constrain learning about specific aspects of the world.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIndividuals differ in how they behave toward rewards or punishments. Here, we demonstrate that functional hemispheric asymmetries measured in dopaminergic reward regions dictate whether someone will learn to choose rewarding options or instead avoid punishing outcomes. We also show that hemispheric reward asymmetries involve a differential neural encoding of signals controlling approach and avoidance learning. We thus provide experimental evidence for a mechanism that accounts for individual differences in approach and avoidance learning. Disabling mental illnesses have previously been associated with hemispheric asymmetries in dopamine function and extreme biases in approach–avoidance behavior. By showing that these observations implicate biased learning processes, the present study may offer important insights into the development and maintenance of some psychiatric disorders.
Distinctive Representation of Mispredicted and Unpredicted Prediction Errors in Human Electroencephalography
Authors: Hsu Yi-Fang , Le Bars Solene , Hämäläinen Jarmo A. , Waszak Florian
Published: October 2015

The predictive coding model of perception proposes that neuronal responses are modulated by the amount of sensory input that the internal prediction cannot account for (i.e., prediction error). However, there is little consensus on what constitutes nonpredicted stimuli. Conceptually, whereas mispredicted stimuli may induce both prediction error generated by prediction that is not perceived and prediction error generated by sensory input that is not anticipated, unpredicted stimuli involves no top-down, only bottom-up, propagation of information in the system. Here, we examined the possibility that the processing of mispredicted and unpredicted stimuli are dissociable at the neurophysiological level using human electroencephalography. We presented participants with sets of five tones in which the frequency of the fifth tones was predicted, mispredicted, or unpredicted. Participants were required to press a key when they detected a softer fifth tone to maintain their attention. We found that mispredicted and unpredicted stimuli are associated with different amount of cortical activity, probably reflecting differences in prediction error. Moreover, relative to predicted stimuli, the mispredicted prediction error manifested as neuronal enhancement and the unpredicted prediction error manifested as neuronal attenuation on the N1 event-related potential component. These results highlight the importance of differentiating between the two nonpredicted stimuli in theoretical work on predictive coding.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe current research seeks to dissociate the neurophysiological processing of two types of “nonpredicted” stimuli that have long been considered interchangeable: mispredicted and unpredicted stimuli. We found that mispredicted stimuli, which violate predictions, and unpredicted stimuli, which lack predictions, are represented distinctively in the brain. The results will influence the design of experiments on the predictive coding mechanism, in which the contrast between predicted and “nonpredicted” conditions should be specifically defined to reveal the prediction error proper. This is of general interest because it concerns the logic of research investigating all levels of processing (including perceptual, motor, and cognitive processing) in many neuroscientific domains.
CRTC2 and Nedd4 ligase involvement in FSH and TGFβ1 upregulation of connexin43 gap junction
Authors: Fang Wei-Ling , Lai Si-Yi , Lai Wei-An , Lee Ming-Ting , Liao Ching-Fong , Ke Ferng-Chun , Hwang Jiuan-Jiuan
Published: October 2015

The major mission of the ovarian follicle is the timely production of the mature fertilizable oocyte, and this is achieved by gonadotropin-regulated, gap junction-mediated cell–cell communication between the oocyte and surrounding nurturing granulosa cells. We have demonstrated that FSH and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) stimulateGja1gene-encoded connexin43 (Cx43) gap junction formation/function in rat ovarian granulosa cells is important for their induction of steroidogenesis; additionally, cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA)- and calcium-calcineurin-sensitive cAMP response element-binding (CREB) coactivator CRTC2 plays a crucial role during steroidogenesis. This study was to explore the potential molecular mechanism whereby FSH and TGFβ1 regulate Cx43 synthesis and degradation, particularly the involvement of CRTC2 and ubiquitin ligase Nedd4. Primary culture of granulosa cells from ovarian antral follicles of gonadotropin-primed immature rats was used. At 48 h post-treatment, FSH plus TGFβ1 increased Cx43 level and gap junction function in a PKA- and calcineurin-dependent manner, and TGFβ1 acting through its type I receptor modulated FSH action. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation analysis reveals FSH induced an early-phase (45 min) and FSH+TGFβ1 further elicited a late-phase (24 h) increase in CRTC2, CREB and CBP binding to theGja1promoter. Additionally, FSH+TGFβ1 increased the half-life of hyper-phosphorylated Cx43 (Cx43-P2). Also, the proteasome inhibitor MG132 prevented the brefeldin A (blocker of protein transport through Golgi)-reduced Cx43-P2 level and membrane Cx43 gap junction plaque. This is associated with FSH+TGFβ1-attenuated Cx43 interaction with Nedd4 and Cx43 ubiquitination. In all, this study uncovers that FSH and TGFβ1 upregulation of Cx43 gap junctions in ovarian granulosa cells critically involves enhancing CRTC2/CREB/CBP-mediated Cx43 expression and attenuating ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-mediated proteosomal degradation of Cx43 protein.
False Lumen Catheterization in a Patient Who Has Type A Aortic Dissection That Mimics Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction: A Case Report
Authors: Kaya Erhan , Fotbolcu Hakan , Şimşek Zeki , Işık Ömer
Published: October 2015

We report a 61-year-old patient who suffered from a type A aortic dissection that mimicked an acute inferior myocardial infarction. During a routine cardiac catheterization procedure, diagnostic catheters can be inserted accidentally into the false lumen. Invasive cardiologists should keep this complication in mind.
Successful Concomitant Revascularization in a Patient with Carotid, Coronary, and Intestinal Artery Occlusive Disease
Authors: Parlar Ali Ihsan , Babaroglu Seyhan , Hanedan Muhammet Onur , Yürük Mehmet Ali , Katircioglu Salih Fehmi
Published: October 2015

Background: Chronic mesenteric ischemia and carotid stenosis frequently have coexistent coronary artery disease. Myocardial ischemia is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality following revascularization of the peripheral arteries. The optimal treatment of concurrent mesenteric, carotid, and coronary disease is unknown.
Case Report: We report a case of a 75-year-old man who required revascularization of the left anterior descending coronary and superior mesenteric arteries and carotid endarterectomy. After concomitant surgical revascularization, the patient remained asymptomatic during the 3-year follow-up.
Conclusion: A good result in this case encourages us for one-stage combined surgical intervention in patients who require multisystem revascularization.
Deficiência Intelectual, Gênero e Sexualidade: algumas notas etnográficas em uma APAE do interior do Estado de São Paulo - Brasil.
Authors: Simões Julian
Published: October 2015

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a concepção de deficiência e a implicação dessa concepção em como se percebe a sexualidade dos alunos matriculados em uma Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE) de uma cidade do interior do Estado de SP-BR. Para os professores da APAE, deficiência intelectual é sinônimo de falta e desvantagem. Assim sendo, a sexualidade dos alunos é concebida como descontrolada e por isso perigosa. Para os alunos da Associação, deficiência é uma das múltiplas configurações do existir humano. Dessa forma, a sexualidade é compreendida como uma maneira de amenizar sua condição de pessoa com deficiência. Portanto, privilegio analisar como ambas as noções se regulam e como essas levam ao limite as normatividades sexuais que tensionadas se reconfiguram.
Investigación para la inclusión en Latinoamérica: retomando sueños coloquiales
Authors: García Ruiz Solángel , Fernández Moreno Aleida , Duarte Cuervo Clara Yamile , Cruz Velandia Israel
Published: October 2015

América Latina es una región de contrastes, de historias compartidas de antaño que mezclan la revolución cubana y las dictaduras de los setenta, la depresión económica de los ochenta, el surgimiento de los modelos neoliberales en los noventa, la era tecnológica, los dilemas del desarrollo y la revaloración de los saberes del sur de los últimos tiempos; esas que se debaten entre las injusticias e inequidades, que siempre están albergando esperanza y deseos de cambio. Ya Galeano en los setenta hablaba de la pobreza del hombre como resultado de la riqueza de la tierra, y del desarrollo como un viaje con más náufragos que navegantes.
CULTIVATING PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT SKILLS THROUGH TEACHING PRACTICUM: A REFLECTIVE PRACTICE
Authors: Ragawanti Debora Tri
Published: October 2015

Classroom management is commonly believed to be the key to the success of an instruction. Many student teachers, however, might find it very challenging to handle their classrooms. It is, therefore, necessary to advance their professional practice in the context of a real classroom such as through teaching practicum and reflective practice. This study is aimed at identifying classroom management problems of student-teachers as revealed in their reflective journal entries and to demonstrate how such journal can help them develop their classroom management skills. The participants were 10 student-teachers of the English Department, Satya Wacana Christian University, Salatiga, Central Java, who underwent their teaching practicum at SMP 2 Salatiga. Through the participants’ journals, it was found that the problems lie in managing critical moments, activity, techniques, grouping and seating, authority, tools, and working with people. Further in this study, both pre- and in-service tertiary teachers, curriculum designers, and policy makers will be taken to deeply examine how reflective practice can help cultivate the pre-service’s classroom management skills and to consider the implication for pedagogical practices and innovations in curriculum development.
LECTURERS’ AND STUDENTS’ BELIEFS IN CODE-SWITCHING: A MALAYSIAN POLYTECHNIC CONTEXT
Authors: Mokhtar Mazlin Mohamed
Published: October 2015

This research is to discover whether lecturers’ beliefs coincide with their practices in their daily teaching. The focus will be on the belief in the use of code-switching in the classroom. At the same time, it is also worthwhile to indicate whether there are differences in the beliefs between the lecturers and the students. For that purpose three lecturers from an engineering department of a polytechnic in a northern region as well as the students in the classrooms were chosen to participate in this research. The methods designed include classroom observations, questionnaires for both the lecturers and students, and interviews with the lecturers after the classroom observation. The findings showed that the lecturers mostly used reiteration and message qualification functions when code-switching. They believed that it was intended mainly to enhance their students’ understanding and to save their time from lengthy explanation whenever the students are in doubt. This was agreeable by most students as they believed that code-switching could help them understand the lessons better. Some recommendations are made based on the findings and analysis of the results, expecting that it would further improve the teaching of Mathematics, Science and technical subjects in the Malaysian polytechnics.
CONCEPTIONS AND PRACTICES OF ASSESSMENT: A CASE OF TEACHERS REPRESENTING IMPROVEMENT CONCEPTION
Authors: Azis Astuti
Published: October 2015

Despite numerous quantitative studies on teachers’ conceptions and practices of assessment, little research exists regarding the unique assessment environment of Indonesia. This study uses both quantitative and qualitative data to examine how Indonesian junior high school teachers understand assessment and how their conceptions of assessment relate to their assessment practices. This mixed methods study adopted a participant selection model in which quantitative data was analysed to select participants for the qualitative phase. Participants of this study believed that the purpose of assessment was to improve teaching and learning and also to demonstrate the accountability of students and school. They tended to disagree with the view that assessment is irrelevant. Further analysis of the data revealed that teachers’ conceptions of assessment were conflicted. They were keen to use assessment practices to improve their classroom teaching, but felt that the state-wide examination policy requirements constrained their efforts. This suggests that government, policy makers, and curriculum developers must work to build a strong synergy among themselves in order to share consistent goals with teachers. If cultural expectations of school assessment and government policy were aligned, Indonesian teachers may be better able to resolve conflict between their beliefs and assessment practices.
Handgrip strength, functionality and plasma levels of IL-6 in elderly women
Authors: Pereira Daniele S. , Cipriano Viviane F. , Amorim Juleimar S. C. , Queiroz Bárbara Z. , Felício Diogo C. , Pereira Leani S. M.
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroduction Aging is associated with a chronic low-grade inflammatory process characterized by an increased production of inflammatory mediators. These elevated levels are predictors for muscle function (sarcopenia) and deterioration of physical performance in the elderly.Objective To investigate the correlation between sarcopenia, functional capacity, and interleukin-6 levels.Materials and methods This cross-sectional study assessed a convenience sample of elderly individuals (n = 130) using a handgrip dynamometer (JAMAR™), and the functional capacity test was performed by sitting and standing. Interleukin-6 levels were determined using high sensitivity ELISA kits. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between these variables, at a significance level (α) of 0.05.Results There was significant inverse correlation between strength and function (rS = -0.273, p = 0.002) such that elderly individuals with lower peak force took longer to perform the sit-to-stand test, in contrast with the relationship between plasma interleukin-6 levels and strength (rS = -0.043, p = 0.624) or functionality (rS = -0.060, p = 0.501).Conclusion The outcome measures analyzed could predict the decline in muscle strength and functional capacity, and may be indicative of sarcopenia in elderly individuals. There was no correlation between the interleukin-6 levels and the grip strength and functional capacity of the sample investigated.
O conceito de ethos do enunciador na obra Em busca do sentido: estudos discursivos, de J. L. Fiorin
Authors: Gonçalves João Batista Costa
Published: October 2015

RESUMOObjetiva-se, com este artigo, mostrar o conceito de ethos do enunciador, tal como discutido por Fiorin na obra Em busca do sentido: estudos discursivos, para, com isso, analisar como o autor, em diálogo com os estudos da Retórica e da Análise do Discurso sobre o ethos, cria um lugar teórico e analítico para este conceito no campo de estudos da Semiótica Discursiva.
EVALUATION OF RISK FACTORS AFFECTING ANASTOMOTIC LEAKAGE AFTER REPAIR OF ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA
Authors: ASKARPOUR Shahnam , PEYVASTEH Mehran , JAVAHERIZADEH Hazhir , ASKARI Nasim
Published: October 2015

Background: Anastomotic leak are reported among neonates who underwent esophageal atresia. Aim: To find risk factors of anastomotic leakage in patients underwent esophageal repair. Methods: All cases with esophageal atresia were included. In this case control study, patients were classified in two groups according to presence or absence of anastomotic leaks. Duration of study was 10 years. Results: Sixty-one cases were included. Mean±SD age at time of surgery in patients with leakage and without leakage was 9.50±7.25 and 8.83±6.93 respectively (p=.670). Blood transfusion and two layer anastomosis had significant correlation with anastomotic leakage. Conclusion: Blood transfusion and double layer anastomosis are associated with higher rate of anastomotic leakage.
LACTATE AS PREDICTOR OF MORTALITY IN POLYTRAUMA
Authors: FREITAS Andréia Diane , FRANZON Orli
Published: October 2015

Background: The lactate is a product of anaerobic metabolism; it can be used as a marker on demand and availability of oxygen. Changes in lactate levels can be effectively used as a marker in resuscitation maneuvers, even in patients with stable vital signs. Aim: To verify the lactate clearance as a predictor of mortality in trauma patients, in need of intensive care. Method: A total of 851 patients were admitted in ICU, in which 146 were victims of multiple trauma; due to the exclusion criteria, were included 117. Results: Patients were 87% male, mean age 32.4 years, motorcycle drivers, Glasgow coma scale between 3-8, affected by cranial trauma, followed by abdominal trauma. Was verified mortality up to 48 h and global mortality, that did not show statistical relationship between lactate clearance and mortality (p=0.928). Conclusion: There is no correlation between admission lactate or lactate clearance and mortality in patients treated with multiple trauma.
WHITE BOX: LOW COST BOX FOR LAPAROSCOPIC TRAINING
Authors: MARTINS João Maximiliano Pedron , RIBEIRO Roberto Vanin Pinto , CAVAZZOLA Leandro Totti
Published: October 2015

Background: Laparoscopic surgery is a reality in almost all surgical centers. Although with initial greater technical difficulty for surgeons, the rapid return to activities, less postoperative pain and higher quality aesthetic stimulates surgeons to evolve technically in this area. However, unlike open surgery where learning opportunities are more accessible, the laparoscopic training represents a challenge in surgeon formation. Aim: To present a low cost model for laparoscopic training box. Methods: This model is based in easily accessible materials; the equipment can be easily found based on chrome mini jet and passes rubber thread and a webcam attached to an aluminum handle. Results: It can be finalized in two days costing R$ 280,00 (US$ 90). Conclusion: It is possible to stimulate a larger number of surgeons to have self training in laparoscopy at low cost seeking to improve their surgical skills outside the operating room.
VOCAL COMPLAINT, AUDITORY-PERCEPTUAL ASSESSMENT OF VOICE AND VOCAL SELF-ASSESSMENT IN WOMEN WITH MORBID OBESITY
Authors: SOUZA Lourdes Bernadete Rocha de , PERNAMBUCO Leandro de Araujo , SANTOS Marquiony Marques dos , SILVA Joana Cristina Vasconcelos da
Published: October 2015

Background : Obese people often have altered breathing patterns and therefore may experience difficulties in voice production. Aim : To verify the presence of vocal complaints and the correlation between the auditory-perceptual analysis of voice and vocal self-assessment of a group of women with morbid obesity before and after bariatric surgery. Methods : A longitudinal, exploratory, descriptive study of 21 morbidly obese women aged between 28 and 68 years, assessed before and after bariatric surgery, was performed. The women filled out a form containing identification data and type of vocal complaint. Perceptual evaluation of voice and vocal self-assessment were performed using a visual analog scale. For perceptual assessment of voice the women were asked to say three sentences from the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice. Results : Of the 21 patients, 14 (66.6%) reported vocal complaints, of which 10 (71%) vocal fatigue, eight (57.14%) voice failures and seven (50%) vocal effort. All participants reported improvements in the voice after surgery, irrespective of having reported vocal complaints before surgery. There was no correlation between vocal self-assessment and auditory-perceptual assessment of the voice before or after the procedure. There was no correlation between vocal self-assessment and perceptual evaluation of the voice before surgery. Conclusion : Obesity interfered with voice production and influenced negative perception and therefore vocal complaints. Complaints about vocal production cannot be perceived by a speech therapist with the same impact as by patients, as both employ different criteria for vocal evaluation. Vocal self-assessment is an important tool in voice evaluation.
EVALUATION OF UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING BARIATRIC SURGERY
Authors: ASSEF Maurício Saab , MELO Tiago Torres , ARAKI Osvaldo , MARIONI Fábio
Published: October 2015

Background: Obesity has become epidemic, and is associated with greater morbidity and mortality. Treatment is multidisciplinary. Surgical treatment is a consistent resource in severe obesity. The indication of preoperative upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in asymptomatic patients is controversial; however, most studies recommend its implementation in all patients. Aim: To analyze endoscopic performance in patients who were in preoperative for bariatric surgery and compare them with control group. Method: A series of 35 obese patients in preoperative period for bariatric surgery compared with a control group of 30 patients submitted to upper endoscopy. There were analyzed clinical and endoscopic data. Results: The mean age of the group of patients was 43.54 years. Most individuals in the group of patients were female with median BMI of 47.26kg/m2and in control group 24.21 kg/m2. The majority of patients were asymptomatic. Upper endoscopy was altered in 81.25% of asymptomatic patients. Endoscopic findings in the patient group were 57.1% resulting from peptic ulcer disease and 34.3% associated with GERD. The analysis of endoscopic findings in patients showed no significant difference in relation of the control group. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 60% in patients. Conclusion: It is recommended that the upper endoscopy should be made in all patients in the preoperative bariatric surgery period, although the degree of obesity is not related to a greater number of endoscopic findings. Obese patients do not have more endoscopic findings that non-obese individuals.
BINGE EATING DISORDER AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF CANDIDATES TO BARIATRIC SURGERY
Authors: COSTA Ana Júlia Rosa Barcelos , PINTO Sônia Lopes
Published: October 2015

Background : Obesity decreases the quality of life, which is aggravated by the association of comorbidities, and the binge eating disorder is directly related to body image and predisposes to overweight. Aim: Evaluate association between the presence and the level of binge eating disorder and the quality of life of the obese candidates for bariatric surgery. Methods : Cross-sectional study analyzing anthropometric data (weight and height) and socioeconomics (age, sex, marital status, education and income). The application of Binge Eating Scale was held for diagnosis of Binge Eating Disorder and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-From Health Survey to assess the quality of life. Results : Total sample studied was 96 patients, mean age 38.15±9.6 years, 80.2% female, 67.7% married, 41% with complete and incomplete higher education, 77.1% with lower income or equal to four the minimum salary, 59.3% with grade III obesity. Binge eating disorder was observed in 44.2% of patients (29.9% moderate and 14.3% severe), and these had the worst scores in all domains of quality of life SF36 scale; however, this difference was not statistically significant. Only the nutritional status presented significant statistically association with the presence of binge eating disorder. Conclusion : High prevalence of patients with binge eating disorder was found and they presented the worst scores in all domains of quality of life.
MEDIUM-TERM FOLLOW-UP RESULTS WITH LAPAROSCOPIC SLEEVE GASTRECTOMY
Authors: RAMOS Almino Cardoso , BASTOS Eduardo Lemos de Souza , RAMOS Manoela Galvão , BERTIN Nestor Tadashi Suguitani , GALVÃO Thales Delmondes , LUCENA Raphael Torres Figueiredo de , CAMPOS Josemberg Marins
Published: October 2015

Background : The indications for sleeve gastrectomy in the surgical treatment of morbid obesity have increased worldwide. Despite this, several aspects related to results at medium and long term remain in constant research. Aim : To present the experience of sleeve gastrectomy in a center of excellence in bariatric surgery by analyzing clinical outcomes, complications and follow-up in the medium term. Methods : The study included 120 morbidly obese patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy and who were followed for at least 24 months. Aspects related to surgical technique, surgical complications and clinical outcome were analyzed. Results : Seventy-five patients were women (62.5%) and the average age was 36 years. The body mass index preoperatively ranged from 35.5 to 58 kg/m2(average of 40.2 kg/m2). The length of stay ranged from 1 to 4 days (mean 2.1 days). Comorbidities observed were hypertension (19%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (6.6%), dyslipidemia (7.5%), sleep apnea (16.6%), reflux esophagitis (10%) and orthopedic diseases (7.5%). The mean body mass index and total weight loss percentage with 3, 12, 18 and 24 months were 32.2 kg/m2-19,9%; 29.5 kg/m2-26,5%; 28.2 kg/m2-30,3% and 26.9 kg/m2-32,7%, respectively. Remission of diabetes and dyslipidemia occurred in all patients. In relation to hypertension, there was improvement or remission in 86%. There were only two complications (bronchial pneumonia and dehydration), with good response to clinical treatment. There was no evidence digestive fistula and mortality was zero. Eleven patients (9.1%) had regained weighing more than 5 kg. Conclusion : The sleeve gastrectomy is surgical technique that has proven safe and effective in the surgical treatment of obesity and control of their comorbidities in postoperative follow-up for two years.
Desempenho e rendimento de carcaça de suínos na fase de terminação, recebendo dietas com diferentes níveis de ractopamina
Authors: LEAL Renato Silva , MATTOS Bruno Olivetti de , CANTARELLI Vinícius de Souza , CARVALHO Guilherme Cleto de , PIMENTA Maria Emília de Sousa Gomes , PIMENTA Carlos José
Published: October 2015

ResumoO objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça de suínos na fase de terminação de machos castrados e fêmeas, recebendo dietas contendo diferentes níveis de ractopamina. Foram utilizados 60 animais, com peso inicial de 84,27 ± 2,26kg, aleatoriamente distribuídos para uma das seis dietas experimentais compostas por diferentes níveis de ractopamina (zero; três; seis; nove; 12 e 15ppm) e cinco repetições por tratamento. Ao final do período experimental, foi avaliado o efeito dos diferentes níveis de ractopamina sobre o peso final (PF), consumo de ração médio diário (CRMD), ganho de peso médio diário (GPMD), conversão alimentar (CA) e rendimento de carcaça. Observou-se aumento linear (P<0,05) para peso final e ganho de peso médio diário, à medida que houve aumento dos níveis de ractopamina. Para a conversão alimentar (P<0,05), evidenciou-se decréscimo de 25,50% nos animais que receberam 15ppm de ractopamina na dieta. Para o consumo de ração médio diário e rendimento de carcaça, não foram observados efeitos significativos (P>0,05). A adição de ractopamina na dieta de suínos machos castrados e fêmeas em terminação proporcionou melhor desempenho aos animais, promovendo melhoras nos parâmetros produtivos.
Características quantitativas da carcaça de cordeiros Santa Inês, abatidos com diferentes espessuras de gordura subcutânea
Authors: QUEIROZ Larissa de Oliveira , SANTOS Gladston Rafael de Arruda , MACÊDO Francisco de Assis Fonseca de , MORA Natália Holtz Alves Pedroso , TORRES Maryane Gluck , SANTANA Talita Estéfani Zunino , MACÊDO Filipe Gomes de
Published: October 2015

ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar as características quantitativas das carcaças de cordeiros da raça Santa Inês em confinamento, abatidos com três espessuras de gordura subcutâneas (EGS) diferentes. Foram utilizados 24 cordeiros, machos não castrados da raça Santa Inês, com aproximadamente 100 dias de idade e peso vivo de 22,7±3,75kg, divididos aleatoriamente em três tratamentos: abates com espessura de gordura subcutânea de 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0mm. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos e oito repetições por tratamento. Para as análises estatísticas utilizou-se o softwareSAEG Os cordeiros abatidos com 2,0mm apresentaram maiores rendimentos do fígado (2,12%), baço (0,32%), cabeça (6,69%) e patas (3,08%), havendo um declínio nos rendimentos com o aumento da EGS. Os rendimentos de carcaça na origem, no frigorifico, comercial e verdadeiro, sofreram interferência das EGS (p<0,05), seguindo o mesmo comportamento dos pesos corporais e pesos das carcaças, em que os cordeiros abatidos com 4,00 mm de EGS apresentaram resultados superiores aos abatidos com 2,00 mm. Com o aumento da EGS foi observado no lombo que as proporções dos tecidos apresentaram o seguinte comportamento, aumento da gordura, diminuição do osso e não alteração do músculo. Recomenda-se o abate de cordeiros Santa Inês com 3,0 mm de EGS, pois foram os que proporcionaram melhores resultados para as características quantitativas da carcaça.
MOOC “Innovación Educativa y Desarrollo Profesional. Posibilidades y Límites de las TIC”. Una Experiencia desde la Educomunicación en el Proyecto Europeo ECO
Authors: Gil Quintana Javier
Published: October 2015

The European Project (E-learning, Communication, includes) ECO is potentializing an educational model that seeks to avoid all kinds of hierarchical and one-way communication, since the new reality of the MOOC. Based on the principles of equity, social inclusion, accessibility, autonomy and openness, the empowerment of students becomes reality with this proposal for an innovative training, breaking the barriers of the digital space of the course MOOC to affect the social layer from the interaction in social networks. Taking as a reference a MOOC of ECO, the results presented in this study have been analyzed from a qualitative methodology opting for analysis, such as intentional sample, virtual learning community that develops in the course. It is intended to achieve with the research aims to analyze the written speech that keep teachers and participants of the MOOC "Educational innovation and professional development. The possibilities and limitations of ICT", within the forums and groups. It is opted for this type of analysis to identify the advantages and disadvantages that the members of the learning community value around the course object of study. According to figure in the project itself, this proposal is presented as an invitation to reflect on the role that the massive formation, online and open plays today, in any learning process, a perspective in educational communication.
Poesia bíblica e utopia em Haroldo de Campos
Authors: Rodrigues Henrique Estrada
Published: October 2015

O texto pretende discutir a relação entre utopia, tradução e literatura mundial em Haroldo de Campos (1929-2003) a partir das notas e reflexões teóricas que acompanham suas traduções da poesia bíblica. Essas traduções foram publicadas em três livros: Qohélet: O-quesabe (1990), Bere’Shith: a cena da origem (1993) e Éden, um tríptico bíblico (livro póstumo, de 2004). Esses livros permitem uma abordagem sistemática sobre os pressupostos e justificativas do projeto tradutório do autor. Este artigo pretende analisar como esse projeto retoma e desdobra, a partir da chamada “poesia bíblica”, um imaginário utópico formulado desde o livro Deus e o diabo no Fausto de Goethe, de 1981.
ideia sem lugar
Authors: Cantarin Márcio Matiassi , De Almeida Rogério Caetano , De Lima Marcelo Fernando
Published: October 2015

Este trabalho objetiva analisar o romance A máquina de madeira (2012), de Miguel Sanches Neto, numa perspectiva que o inclui no rol de “novo romance histórico brasileiro”. O livro resgata, via ficção, a história do padre Francisco João de Azevedo (1814 - 1880), inventor de uma máquina taquigráfica que teria servido de protótipo para o desenvolvimento da primeira máquina de escrever. A partir da constatação de que o Brasil do 2º Império possui uma fragilidade em suas estruturas políticas, econômicas, ideológicas e sociais, a despeito de a política oficial de D. Pedro II pregar o progresso e desenvolvimento da nação, verifica-se o espelhamento e a reverberação dessas fragilidades na contemporaneidade. Assim, pensar esse passado ajuda a lançar luzes sobre algumas mazelas do pensamento nacional que tendem a se perpetuar, ainda que sob novas roupagens. Paradoxalmente, constata-se que o lugar inexistente e as ideias sem lugar do século XIX caracterizam a reflexão crítica do pensamento brasileiro contemporâneo, portanto nossa existência.
Trabectome Patient Selection, Preparation, Technique, Management, and Outcomes
Authors: Parikh Hardik A , Roy Pritha , Dhaliwal Amar , Kaplowitz Kevin B , Loewen Nils A ,   Medical Student, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, US,   Research Fellow, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US,   Clinical and Research Fellow, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US,   Medical Student, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US,   Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, US,   Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
Published: October 2015

Ab internotrabeculectomy with the Trabectome® (NeoMedix, Tustin, CA, US) is a minimally invasive glaucoma surgery that has the capacity to significantly lower intraocular pressure (IOP) with a highly favorable safety profile compared with traditional glaucoma surgeries. Since the first results were reported in 2005, mostly for primary open-angle glaucoma, the indications have since expanded to include secondary open- and closed-angle glaucoma. Exclusion criteria are active neovascular and uveitic glaucoma, and glaucoma due to increased episcleral pressure. On average, IOP is typically lowered by 30–40 % into the midteens, while decreasing the number of medications by one. Postoperative IOP can be estimated using a calculator. Patients with a higher preoperative IOP have the largest IOP reduction. Transient hyphema is a common postoperative observation. In this article, we will review surgical technique, patient management, postoperative care, and outcomes.
Intraocular Foreign Bodies—A Review from Entry to Exit and Beyond
Authors: Ding Jiaxi , Fernando-Sieminski Sandra , Yoganathan Pradeepa ,   Glaucoma Fellow, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, US,   Ophthalmologist and Glaucoma Specialist,   Ophthalmologist and Vitreoretinal Specialist, Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, US
Published: October 2015

Ophthalmic trauma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness in young adults, may be associated with obvious or occult intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs). Critical work-up includes careful history-taking as well as slit-lamp and dilated eye examination. These components are frequently supplemented by imaging tests. Currently, computed tomography is the mainstream modality, offering highly sensitive detection and localization of IOFBs as small as 0.5 mm. IOFBs impact visual prognosis by producing direct damage, causing secondary toxicity, and increasing infectious risk. Factors bearing a poor visual prognosis include large IOFB size, posterior segment location of IOFB, and retinal detachment or endophthalmitis on presentation. Timing of IOFB removal is controversial, but when possible, it is preferable to perform extraction within 24 to 48 hours of initial injury. Antibiotic coverage is also recommended with options of oral alone, intravenous followed by oral, or combination of intravitreal and oral. Even as technology and surgical techniques continue to improve IOFB management, we must still advocate accident prevention to our patients through education and emphasis of protective eyewear.
Lasers in Primary Angle Closure
Authors: Chee Wai Kitt , Srinivasan Sanjay , Cheng Jason ,   Medical Officer, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Yishun, Singapore,   Senior Staff Physician, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Yishun, Singapore,   Consultant Ophthalmologist, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Yishun, Singapore
Published: October 2015

Angle closure glaucoma is a major cause of blindness worldwide, with a high prevalence in Asian populations. Pupillary block is the principal mechanism in primary angle closure leading to impaired aqueous outflow, raised intraocular pressure, and glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Laser plays a major role in the management of primary angle closure in its prevention and treatment of the disease. This article reviews current trends and research on the use of laser peripheral iridotomy and laser peripheral iridoplasty in the management of primary angle closure disease.
Cloud Communication Based Avionics
Authors: R Sam Jose
Published: October 2015

This technology involves introduction of cloud computing technology inside aircraft for multiplexing data and transfer the multiplexed signal to a communication satellite where demultiplexing of data takes place. These data are then sent to various corresponding transmission towers and the response signal reaches the satellite from these transmission towers where multiplexing of various signals is done. Now the multiplexed signal is again sent to cloud inside aircraft thus making communication possible without any vulnerability or distortion.