bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban Arterial Road Optimization and Design Combined with HOV Carpooling under Connected Vehicle Environment
Authors: Mao Lina , Li Wenquan , Hu Pengsen , Zhou Guiliang , Zhang Huiting , Zhou Xuanyu
Published: December 2019

The HOV carpooling lane offers a feasible approach to alleviate traffic congestion. The connected vehicle environment is able to provide accurate traffic data, which could optimize the design of HOV carpooling schemes. In this paper, significant tidal traffic flow phenomenon with severe traffic congestion was identified on North Beijing road (bidirectional four-lane) and South Huaihai road (bidirectional six-lane) in Huai’an, Jiangsu Province. The historical traffic data of the road segments were collected through the connected vehicle environment facilities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of adopting two HOV schemes (regular HOV scheme and reversible HOV carpooling scheme) on the urban arterial road under connected vehicle environment. VISSIM was used to simulate the proposed two HOV carpooling schemes at the mentioned road segment. The simulation results showed that the reversible HOV carpooling scheme could not only mitigate the traffic congestion caused by traffic tidal phenomenon but also improve the average speed and traffic volume of the urban arterial road segment, while the regular HOV scheme may exert a negative impact on the average speed and traffic volume on the urban arterial road segment.
Vernolactone Promotes Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Teratocarcinomal (NTERA-2) Cancer Stem-Like Cells
Authors: Abeysinghe Nuwanka K. , Thabrew Ira , Samarakoon Sameera R. , Ediriweera Meran K. , Tennekoon Kamani H. , Pathiranage Varuni P. C. , Mendis Anuka S.
Published: December 2019

Vernonia zeylanica, is a shrub endemic to Sri Lanka. V. zeylanica has been used in Sri Lankan traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases and conditions. The present study was designed to determine antiproliferative, apoptotic, autophagic, and antioxidant effects of vernolactone, isolated from V. zeylanica, in human embryonal carcinoma cells (NTERA-2, a cancer stem cell model). Antiproliferative effects of vernolactone in NTERA-2 cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (control cells) were evaluated using the Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and WST-1 antiproliferative assays, respectively. The antiproliferative effect of vernolactone was further investigated using the colony formation assay. Effects of vernolactone on apoptosis were investigated by phase contrast light microscopic and fluorescence microscopic analysis, caspase 3/7 expression, and real-time PCR of apoptosis-associated genes p53 and Survivin. The effect of vernolactone on NTERA-2 cell migration was monitored using the wound healing assay. Effects of vernolactone on the expression of autophagy-related genes (LC3, Beclin 1, PI3K, Akt, and mTOR) were evaluated using real-time PCR. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were also carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity of vernolactone. Overall results confirm that vernolactone can exert antiproliferative effects, induce apoptosis and autophagy, and decrease NTERA-2 cell migration in a dose- and time-dependent manner with a very small antioxidant property.
Modification of Waste Aggregate PET for Improving the Concrete Properties
Authors: Lee Zoe Harmonie , Paul Suvash Chandra , Kong Sih Ying , Susilawati Susilawati , Yang Xu
Published: December 2019

Disposal of plastic wastes causes negative impacts including degradation of land and ocean and climate change. Reusing plastic wastes in concrete is one of the effective methods of reducing plastic disposal. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most abundantly available plastic wastes as it is commonly used for plastic bottles and food containers. This paper investigates the effects of treating PET wastes using hydrogen peroxide solution (H2O2) and calcium hypochlorite solution (Ca(ClO)2) before incorporating in concrete as coarse aggregate replacements. The physical and mechanical properties of concrete were analyzed for three different percentages, namely, 10%, 20%, and 30%, replacement of natural aggregates with plastic aggregates. For all percentage of replacements, it was found that chemically treated plastic aggregates have no effects on the fresh density, but the slump decreased due to roughened surface of treated plastic aggregates. Chemical treatment improved the bond strength between cementitious matrix and plastic aggregates and reduced the gap at the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). These phenomena contributed to the improvement the compressive strength and lower the permeability and porosity.
Anaerobic Bacteremias in Left Ventricular Assist Devices and Advanced Heart Failure
Authors: Murillo-Garcia David R. , Galindo Julian , Pinto Natalia , Motoa Gabriel , Benamu Esther , Franco-Paredes Carlos , Chastain Daniel B. , Henao-Martínez Andrés F.
Published: December 2019

Left ventricular assisted devices (LVADs) have revolutionized the treatment of advanced heart failure, providing meaningful increases in survival, functional capacity, and quality of life. There are two categories of LVADs patients: (1) bridge-to-transplant and (2) destination therapy. Advanced heart failure and destination LVADs often carry a poor prognosis. The overall 1-year mortality rate remains as high as 30%. LVAD-specific infections, LVAD-related infections, and non-LVAD-related infections represent important emerging clinical problems in this setting. With an incidence ranging from 30 to 50%, these lead to high rates of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. Bacteremias caused by anaerobic pathogens in patients with LVAD are underreported. Herein, we describe the microbiological findings, treatment, and clinical outcome of four patients with LVADs and advanced heart failure with anaerobic bacteremias. Fusobacterium species was the most frequent etiological agent. Most patients had a relatively favorable short-term outcome with survival rates of 100% at 30 days and of 50% at 90 days. However, due to other multiple long-term complications, overall mortality remains at 50% during the first year and increases to 75% beyond the first year. Anaerobic bacteremia sources included the oral cavity from odontogenic infections and aspiration pneumonia. Anaerobic bacteremia constitutes an unfavorable mortality prognostic factor in patients with destination LVADs. We recommend implementing preventive strategies with a comprehensive dental care evaluation in patients with LVADs and advanced heart failure.
Metformin Reduces Lipotoxicity-Induced Meta-Inflammation in β-Cells through the Activation of GPR40-PLC-IP3 Pathway
Authors: Shen Ximei , Fan Beibei , Hu Xin , Luo Liufen , Yan Yuanli , Yang Liyong
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose. Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic drug, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties; nevertheless, its influence on β-cell meta-inflammation remains unclear. The following study investigated the effects of metformin on meta-inflammatory in β-cells and whether the underlying mechanisms were associated with the G protein-coupled receptor 40-phospholipase C-inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (GPR40-PLC-IP3) pathway. Materials and Methods. Lipotoxicity-induced β-cells and the high-fat diet-induced obese rat model were used in the study. Results. Metformin-reduced lipotoxicity-induced β-cell meta-inflammatory injury was associated with the expression of GPR40. GPR40 was involved in metformin reversing metabolic inflammation key marker TLR4 activation-mediated β-cell injury. Furthermore, downstream signaling protein PLC-IP3 of GPR40 was involved in the protective effect of metformin on meta-inflammation, and the above process of metformin was partially regulated by AMPK activity. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects of metformin were observed in obese rats. Conclusion. Metformin can reduce lipotoxicity-induced meta-inflammation in β-cells through the regulation of the GPR40-PLC-IP3 pathway and partially via the regulation of AMPK activity.
Static Behavior of a Modified Through‐Core Connection between CFST Column and Composite Beam
Authors: Zhou Qi-shi , Fu Hua-wei , Zhou Xu-hong , Yu Yu-jie , Wang Qian-ren
Published: December 2019

Through‐core connection has been proven to be an ideal solution to ensure a rigid connection between steel beams and CFST columns. However, the traditional through‐core connection sometimes encounters concrete filling problems. A modified through‐core connection design with details of reduced flange width was therefore proposed. Through‐core reinforcements were added as supplements for tension load transfer. The monotonic loading tests and comprehensive FE simulations were performed to investigate the load bearing performance and working mechanism of this modified connection. The results indicated that the modified through‐core connection presented plasticity hinge failure at the beam end and crack formulation and progradation at the RC slab. The reduced flange width reduced the strength of the connection, but the reduction extent was limited. Due to the through‐core construction, the majority of internal forces at the beam were directly transferred into the column. The through‐core reinforcement can effectively participate in load bearing after the connection yields. The flange width reduction extent and the length of the reduction region must be controlled to ensure sufficient connection strength. The number of shear studs and TC reinforcements can influence the load bearing ability, and design suggestions are provided for the modified through‐core connection.
Curculigoside Protects against Excess-Iron-Induced Bone Loss by Attenuating Akt-FoxO1-Dependent Oxidative Damage to Mice and Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells
Authors: Zhang Quanlong , Zhao Lu , Shen Yi , He Yuqiong , Cheng Gang , Yin Ming , Zhang Qiaoyan , Qin Luping
Published: December 2019

Summary. The present investigation found that curculigoside (CUR) can prevent excess-iron-induced bone loss in mice and cells through antioxidation and inhibiting excess-iron-induced phosphorylation of the Akt-FoxO1 pathway. CUR can attenuate the decreasing of cell viability, enhance autophagy, potentiate the antioxidant effect, and reduce apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells treated with excess iron through regulating the expression of FoxO1 target gene. Introduction. Oxidative stress induced by iron overload is an important factor involved in primary osteoporosis disease and iron overload-related diseases. Curculigoside (CUR), a phenolic glycoside found abundantly in Curculigo orchioides Gaertn., has been demonstrated to possess antioxidant and antiosteoporotic properties. The aim of the present study is to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of CUR on excess-iron-induced bone loss in mice and osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Methods. An iron-overload mice model was used to study the protective effects of CUR on bone loss induced by oxidative stress. Serum bone metabolism markers and antioxidant enzymes were also measured. To explore the antioxidant mechanism of CUR, the MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cell line was used. Results. In vivo studies showed that BMD and microarchitectural parameters were improved after a 3-month administration of CUR. CUR improved the biochemical parameters related to bone metabolism and the expressions of Runx2, OCN, and type 1 collagen and increased the formation of bone-mineralized nodules in vitro. CUR also inhibited ROS generation and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes both in vivo and in vitro treated with excess iron. CUR can upregulate the level of FoxO1 and Nrf2, downregulate the level of p53 and the phosphorylation level of FoxO1, improve nuclear translocation of FoxO1, probably by inhibiting the IGFR/AKT signaling pathway, then increased cell viability and autophagy, and reduced apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells treated with excess iron by regulating the expression of FoxO1 target genes MnSOD, Gadd45a, Bim, FasL, and Rab7. Conclusions. These results demonstrated that CUR was able to alleviate bone loss induced by oxidative stress resulting from iron overload, suggesting its potential use for the treatment of primary osteoporosis and bone loss in iron-overload-related diseases.
Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Disease-Defining T-cell Subsets in the Tumor Microenvironment of Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Aoki Tomohiro , Chong Lauren C. , Takata Katsuyoshi , Milne Katy , Hav Monirath , Colombo Anthony , Chavez Elizabeth A. , Nissen Michael , Wang Xuehai , Miyata-Takata Tomoko , Lam Vivian , Viganò Elena , Woolcock Bruce W. , Telenius Adèle , Li Michael Y. , Healy Shannon , Ghesquiere Chanel , Kos Daniel , Goodyear Talia , Veldman Johanna , Zhang Allen W. , Kim Jubin , Saberi Saeed , Ding Jiarui , Farinha Pedro , Weng Andrew P. , Savage Kerry J. , Scott David W. , Krystal Gerald , Nelson Brad H. , Mottok Anja , Merchant Akil , Shah Sohrab P. , Steidl Christian
Published: December 2019

Hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by an extensively dominant tumor microenvironment (TME) composed of different types of noncancerous immune cells with rare malignant cells. Characterization of the cellular components and their spatial relationship is crucial to understanding cross-talk and therapeutic targeting in the TME. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of more than 127,000 cells from 22 Hodgkin lymphoma tissue specimens and 5 reactive lymph nodes, profiling for the first time the phenotype of the Hodgkin lymphoma–specific immune microenvironment at single-cell resolution. Single-cell expression profiling identified a novel Hodgkin lymphoma–associated subset of T cells with prominent expression of the inhibitory receptor LAG3, and functional analyses established this LAG3+ T-cell population as a mediator of immunosuppression. Multiplexed spatial assessment of immune cells in the microenvironment also revealed increased LAG3+ T cells in the direct vicinity of MHC class II–deficient tumor cells. Our findings provide novel insights into TME biology and suggest new approaches to immune-checkpoint targeting in Hodgkin lymphoma.

Significance:

We provide detailed functional and spatial characteristics of immune cells in classic Hodgkin lymphoma at single-cell resolution. Specifically, we identified a regulatory T-cell–like immunosuppressive subset of LAG3+ T cells contributing to the immune-escape phenotype. Our insights aid in the development of novel biomarkers and combination treatment strategies targeting immune checkpoints.

See related commentary by Fisher and Oh, p. 342.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 327
SMBA1, a Bax Activator, Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Malignant Glioma Cells
Authors: Fan Shuangbo , Xu Qian , Wang Liang , Wan Yulin , Qiu Sheng
Published: December 2019

SMBA1 (small-molecule Bax agonists 1), a small molecular activator of Bax, is a potential anti-tumour agent. In the present study, we investigated the biological effects of SMBA1 on glioblastoma (GBM) cells. SMBA1 reduced the viabilities of U87MG, U251 and T98G cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, treatment with SMBA1 induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase transition, accompanied by the downregulation of Cdc25c and cyclin B1 and the upregulation of p21. SMBA1 also induced apoptosis of GBM cells in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, SMBA1 induced apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway. Silencing of Bax or ectopic expression of Bcl-2 significantly inhibited SMBA1-induced apoptosis. Moreover, SMBA1 inhibited the growth of U87MG xenograft tumours in vivo. Overall, SMBA1 shows anti-proliferative effects against GBM cells through activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
Effect of Early Cannulation with Plastic Cannula on Arteriovenous Fistula Patency in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Shi Kehui , Jiang Hongli , Wakabayashi Masanori
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Plastic cannulas have been used to cannulate arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) for hemodialysis (HD) in Japan for many years. However, the effect of early cannulation with plastic cannulas on AVF patency is not known. Objective: We analyzed the relationship between first cannulation time (FCT) and patency rates for AVFs cannulated with plastic cannulas and investigated whether early cannulation with plastic cannulas affects AVF patency. Methods: In total, 122 patients who underwent primary AVF construction were divided into an early cannulation group (FCT <10 days) and a late cannulation group (FCT ≥10 days). The Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox regression models were used to investigate AVF patency. Results: Median FCT was 6 days. There was no statistically significant between-group difference in primary (p = 0.643) or secondary (p = 0.453) patency rates. Early or late cannulation was not significantly associated with primary patency (hazard ratio [HR] 1.21; 95% CI 0.71–2.05) or secondary patency (HR 0.46; 95% CI 0.08–2.77) after adjustment for age, sex, presence of diabetes mellitus or hypertension, and HD at baseline. Conclusions: Early AVF cannulation (<10 days from creation) with plastic cannulas does not affect access patency, and it may be possible to cannulate AVFs earlier than 10 days to decrease the need for use of a central venous catheter.
Utility of Dual Red Imaging for Endoscopic Hemostasis of Gastric Ulcer Bleeding
Authors: Kubosawa Yoko , Mori Hideki , Fujimoto Ai
Published: December 2019

Dual red imaging (DRI; Red Dichromatic Imaging (RDI)) is a new type of image-enhanced endoscopy composed of two long wavelengths that together can visualize vessels in the deep submucosa of the gastrointestinal wall. We treated a case of gastric ulcer bleeding in which the bleeding point could be clearly visualized using DRI. A 71-year-old man who was taking warfarin for atrial fibrillation noticed tarry stool, entered a state of hypovolemic shock, and underwent emergency esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The procedure was performed with a GIF-Y0058 prototype endoscope (Olympus Co., Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a DRI mode. An ulcer with active bleeding was found in the upper portion of the stomach, but the massive volume of the bleeding made it difficult to identify the bleeding point using white light imaging (WLI). Upon switching to DRI mode by pushing a button on the endoscope, the bleeding point could be identified rapidly and precisely, as it appeared in a deeper yellow than the surrounding area. Complete hemostasis was thereupon achieved. This case demonstrates that the DRI mode may be useful for detecting bleeding points that are difficult to detect using WLI.
German Version of the Relationship Problems Questionnaire: Effective Screening for Attachment Disorder
Authors: Schröder Martin , Fux Elodie , Lüdtke Janine , Izat Yonca , Bolten Margarete , Schmid Marc
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Attachment disorder (AD), including reactive AD and disinhibited social engagement disorder, is a prevalent, yet underdiagnosed disorder in severely maltreated children. Because the condition is associated with significant psychiatric morbidity over the entire lifespan, a valid and economic screening tool to identify children with clinical symptoms of AD is needed to avoid unspecific or ineffective treatment. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the German version of the Relationship Problems Questionnaire (RPQ). Methods: With a total of 135 children (mean age = 7.17 years, SD = 1.40, 63% male) from both general (34 children) and high-risk populations (69 in- and outpatients, 32 foster children), we investigated the sensitivity and specificity of the RPQ. AD was diagnosed using a standardized clinical interview (K-DIPS). 35 out of 135 children fulfilled the criteria for AD. Results: The RPQ identified 74% of the children who fulfilled the criteria for AD in the standardized clinical interview. The optimal cut-off score of the RPQ for identifying AD was 4.5 with a moderate sensitivity of 0.74 and specificity of 0.68. Conclusions: The German version of the RPQ proved useful as a diagnostic indicator of clinical symptoms of AD. The tool is economic and suitable for the screening of AD in the general population as well as high-risk populations. We recommend the use of the RPQ in clinical and research settings, adding multi-method approaches after a positive screening.
Machine Learning Prediction of Radiofrequency Thermal Ablation Efficacy: A New Option to Optimize Thyroid Nodule Selection
Authors: Negro Roberto , Rucco Matteo , Creanza Annalisa , Mormile Alberto , Limone Paolo Piero , Garberoglio Roberto , Spiezia Stefano , Monti Salvatore , Cugini Christian , El Dalati Ghassan , Deandrea Maurilio
Published: December 2019

Background: Radiofrequency (RF) is a therapeutic modality for reducing the volume of large benign thyroid nodules. If thermal therapies are interpreted as an alternative strategy to surgery, critical issues in their use are represented by the extent of nodule reduction and by the durability of nodule reduction over a long period of time. Objective: To assess the ability of machine learning to discriminate nodules with volume reduction rate (VRR) < or ≥50% at 12 months following RF treatment. Methods: A machine learning model was trained with a dataset of 402 cytologically benign thyroid nodules subjected to RF at six Italian Institutions. The model was trained with the following variables: baseline nodule volume, echostructure, macrocalcalcifications, vascularity, and 12-month VRR. Results: After training, the model could distinguish between nodules having VRR <50% from those having VRR ≥50% in 85% of cases (accuracy: 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80–0.90; sensitivity: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.62–0.75; specificity: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98–1.0; positive predictive value: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92–0.98; negative predictive value: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92–0.98). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that a machine learning model can reliably identify those nodules that will have VRR < or ≥50% at 12 months after one RF treatment session. Predicting which nodules will be poor or good responders represents valuable data that may help physicians and patients decide on the best treatment option between thermal ablation and surgery or in predicting if more than one session might be necessary to obtain a significant volume reduction.
Dialogismo em "A Casa dos Espelhos", de Sergio Kokis
Authors: Mathias Dionei
Published: December 2019

Publicado em francês em 1994 por Sergio Kokis, escritor canadense de origem brasileira, o romance A casa dos espelhos aborda a visão de mundo de um imigrante brasileiro. Intercalando passagens do passado e do presente diegético, o narrador expõe suas memórias, buscando compreender a origem de sua de identidade atual. Ao fazer isso, sua atenção está voltada para o modo como seu olhar foi treinado ao longo do processo de sua socialização. Nesse sentido, este artigo pretende discutir a socialização inicial de seu olhar, na sequência, refletir sobre sistemas de referência e seu impacto sobre a visão de mundo do narrador e por fim abordar a questão de sua identidade e o treinamento do olhar.
A linguagem entre dois mundos na obra "O Lugar", de Annie Ernaux
Authors: Vieira Vanessa Ferreira
Published: December 2019

Este artigo reflete as questões sociais apontadas na obra O lugar, da escritora francesa Annie Ernaux, tendo como foco o afastamento entre a autora-narradora e seu pai, personagem principal. A análise levará em consideração a expressão “trânsfuga de classe”, cunhada por Pierre Bourdieu, bem como a filosofia de valores desenvolvida por Carlos Valverde Mucientes. Pesquisar-se-á, por fim, o papel da literatura em diálogo com os temas apontados.
O aparato textual de "La Poésie du Brésil" (2012) enquanto recurso de mediação para a compreensão dos projetos antológicos e tradutório
Authors: Pirolli Rosalia Rita Evaldt
Published: December 2019

A poesia brasileira traduzida ocupa ainda uma posição extremamente periférica no sistema cultural francês. Entretanto, desde meados dos anos 2000, várias iniciativas e publicações têm sido lançadas nesse mercado editorial, dentre as quais destaca-se o volume La Poésie du Brésil – Anthologie du XVIe au XXe siècle (2012), organizado e traduzido por Max de Carvalho. Essa antologia, que segundo seu prefácio foi pensada como um volume “de vocação panorâmica”, contempla a produção de 132 poetas, entre os séculos XVI e XX. Iremos, neste artigo, analisar o aparato paratextual – notadamente a capa, o título, o press release e, principalmente, o prefácio assinado pelo antologista. Nesta análise, embasada a partir da noção de materialidade de Chartier (2014) e da teoria dos paratextos de Genette (1987), pretendemos evidenciar como tal aparato se constitui como um espaço privilegiado para apreendermos os pressupostos subjacentes ao projeto antológico, principalmente, a manifestação de certas concepções eurocêntricas ainda correntes.
Contributions de l'approche ergonomique de l'activité à la compréhension du travail des enseignants de français
Authors: Farias Aline Leontina Gonçalves , Santos Eliene Do Socorro Negrão dos
Published: December 2019

Cet article montre un aperçu des contributions de l’approche ergonomique de l’activité à la compréhension du travail des professeurs de français langue étrangère. Il s’agit d’une revue bibliografique, à partir de laquelle on souligne la prise en compte des aspects de l’action professorale qui n’étaient pas considérés avant dans les recherches traditionnelles en sciences de l’éducation (par exemple, les prescriptions, l’autoprescription, l’écart entre le prescrit et le réalisé, etc.). Ces aspects sont abordés dans les études ergonomiques qui s’intéressent à la compréhension de l’activité réelle (CLOT, 1999/2000). À partir d’un panorama d’études en sciences de l’éducation, on montre comment les recherches se sont tournées de plus en plus vers le côté du professeur, en s’intéressant à ses manières de faire et d’agir en classe. Ces études ont fourni des fondements pour l’approche ergonomique de l’activité enseignante, dont on présente les notions et les concepts organisateurs ainsi que la méthode de l’autoconfrontation – centrée sur la production discursive des enseignants sur leur propre activité. Finalement, on discute quelques thèmes didactiques et ergonomiques importants de qui ont été mis en évidence par quelques recherches brésiliennes suivant l’approche ergonomique et utilisant l’autoconfrontation pour lancer un nouveau regard sur l’activité de l’enseignant de français.
Judicialización del acceso a medicamentos en el contexto suramericano
Authors: Acosta Angela , Falcão Matheus Zuliane , Aith Fernando Mussa Abujamra , Vance Carina
Published: December 2019

Los gobiernos suramericanos reconocen el acceso a medicamentos como parte del derecho de sus poblaciones a la salud y al bienestar. Tanto la vida como la salud entendidas como derechos sociales implican esfuerzos de los sistemas de salud para garantizar las mejores condiciones de manera equitativa y colectiva, sin restricciones de acceso, y manteniendo su sostenibilidad. El fenómeno, conocido como judicialización del acceso a los medicamentos” se ha tornado una vía alternativa a los mecanismos establecidos por el sistema de salud en la región, generando preocupaciones relacionadas con la contradicción entre los esfuerzos de los sistemas de salud y las determinaciones judiciales. Este artículo presenta una revisión sistemática el tema en la región, a partir de las bases de datos Scopus, PubMed y Lilacs. Muchos de los casos informados describen demandas individuales sin que se hayan generado rutas colectivas, cuyas sentencias pudieran involucrar a grupos más numerosos de personas, generar jurisprudencia para próximos abordajes similares, e impactar en el diseño o implementación de políticas públicas. Según el principio de universalidad, la judicialización de medicamentos es una estrategia útil en tanto mantenga el equilibrio entre la garantía del derecho a la salud, el bienestar colectivo y la mejor disposición de los recursos en salud. Desde la perspectiva jurídica queda una gran inquietud sin resolver en cuanto al rol de las diversas instancias con las que cuentan los países para garantizar derechos fundamentales y su articulación con otras instancias como tribunales y autoridades administrativas.
O ENSINO DE LITERATURA SEGUNDO ANTONIO CANDIDO
Authors: Antunes Benedito
Published: December 2019

O professor Antonio Candido (1918-2017) foi, como poucos no Brasil, um humanista convicto, que aplicou seus princípios a tudo o que fez como professor, pensador e militante político. A rigor, todas essas faces foram marcadas pela sua condição de professor, preocupado em educar para a vida em sociedade. Com base no estudo de textos sobre teoria literária e literatura brasileira, este artigo pretende delinear a concepção de ensino de literatura na obra de Antonio Candido, visando contribuir para a reflexão sobre a leitura literária na sala de aula num nível que vá além de considerações de ordem didática e trate a literatura como fator relevante para a formação humana na contemporaneidade.
ANTONIO CANDIDO E O PIONEIRISMO NA CRÍTICA ROSIANA
Authors: Leonel Maria Celia De Moraes
Published: December 2019

Propomos demonstrar que as principais possibilidades de abordagem da obra de Guimarães Rosa foram, pioneiramente, traçadas ou levantadas por Antonio Candido. Para tanto, tomamos como base dois textos  seminais sobre Grande sertão: veredas: “O homem dos avessos”  e “Jagunços mineiros de Cláudio a Guimarães Rosa”. Nesses e em outros ensaios e resenhas, o crítico traz as ideias que têm balizado  os estudos sobre Guimarães Rosa. Embora Antonio Candido seja  considerado como o fundador da vertente crítica sócio-histórica  da obra do escritor mineiro, consideramos que outras abordagens como a metafísica, a mítica,  a linguística, a psicanalítica têm também seu nascedouro nos  seus textos.
A EXPERIÊNCIA LITERÁRIA NUMA PERSPECTIVA HUMANÍSTICA
Authors: Oliveira Sandra Helena , Dias Eliene Da Silva , Carvalho Diogenes Buenos Aires de
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo buscou refletir sobre a literatura e seu caráter humanizador no contexto da sociedade, fazendo uma abordagem usando o pensamento do crítico Antônio Candido acerca da relação entre literatura e sociedade, considerando que o homem vive mergulhado nos conflitos da vida cotidiana. O aporte teórico se centrou nas contribuições de Antônio Candido dentre outros teóricos que compartilham desse pensamento. Por fim, nessa perspectiva, verificou-se o papel social e o caráter emancipatório e reflexivo da literatura, contribuindo de maneira eficaz como objeto de humanização do homem que entra em contato com essa estética literária.
BRASIL: DUAS VOZES, DUAS MEDIDAS
Authors: Linhares Vinicius Lourenço
Published: December 2019

Intenta-se, na leitura de Quarenta dias, de Maria Valéria Rezende, investigar como o processo enunciativo do romance (BAKHTIN, 2009; 2010; 2011; BENVENISTE, 1989; 1985; CANDIDO, 2014), ao ser estruturado em termos de contraposições, torna-se o princípio formal responsável pelo deslocamento/apontamento de tensionamentos que dinamizam relações de poder (CHAUÍ, 2001; SOUZA, 2017, 2018) encenadas no/pelo romance (PAULINO; WALTY, 2005). Estilizando o romance, tal princípio formal manifesta-se no duelo entre a voz da boneca Barbie e a voz da narradora Alice de modo que essa estilização estrutura tanto a microenunciação, quanto a macroenunciação do romance.
IL (Interleukin)-6 Contributes to Deep Vein Thrombosis and Is Negatively Regulated by miR-338-5p
Authors: Zhang Yunhong , Zhang Zhen , Wei Ran , Miao Xiuming , Sun Shangwen , Liang Gang , Chu Chu , Zhao Lin , Zhu Xiaoxiao , Guo Qiang , Wang Bin , Li Xia
Published: December 2019

Objective:

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT), one of the most common venous thromboembolic disorders, is closely linked with pulmonary embolism and post-thrombotic syndrome, both of which have a high mortality. However, the factors that trigger DVT formation are still largely unknown. Elevated expression of IL (interleukin)-6—an important inflammatory cytokine—has been linked with DVT formation. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to the elevated IL-6 in DVT remain unclear. Here, we proposed that epigenetic modification of IL-6 at the post-transcriptional level may be a crucial trigger for IL-6 upregulation in DVT.

Approach and Results:

To explore the association between microRNAs and IL-6 in DVT, we performed microRNA microarray analysis and experiments both in vitro and in vivo. Microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that IL-6 expression was increased while miR-338-5p level was decreased substantially in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with DVT, and there was significant negative correlation between miR-338-5p and IL-6. Experiments in vitro showed that overexpressed miR-338-5p reduced IL-6 expression, while miR-338-5p knockdown increased IL-6 expression. Moreover, our in vivo study found that mice with anti–IL-6 antibody or agomiR-338-5p delivery resulted in decreased IL-6 expression and alleviated DVT formation, whereas antagomiR-338-5p acted inversely. Most of miR-338-5p was found located in cytoplasm by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Dual-luciferase reporter assay identified direct binding between miR-338-5p and
IL-6
.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that decreased miR-338-5p promotes DVT formation by increasing IL-6 expression.
Proinflammatory Mediators, IL (Interleukin)-1β, TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) α, and Thrombin Directly Induce Capillary Tube Regression
Authors: Koller Gretchen M. , Schafer Christopher , Kemp Scott S. , Aguera Kalia N. , Lin Prisca K. , Forgy Joshua C. , Griffin Courtney T. , Davis George E.
Published: December 2019

Objective:

In this work, we examine the molecular basis for capillary tube regression and identify key proregressive factors, signaling pathways, and pharmacological antagonists of this process.

Approach and Results:

We demonstrate that the proinflammatory mediators, IL (interleukin)-1β, TNF (tumor necrosis factor) α, and thrombin, singly and in combination, are potent regulators of capillary tube regression in vitro. These proregressive factors, when added to endothelial cell–pericyte cocultures, led to selective loss of endothelial cell-lined tube networks, with retention and proliferation of pericytes despite the marked destruction of adjacent capillary tubes. Moreover, treatment of macrophages with the TLR (toll-like receptor) agonists Pam3CSK4 and lipopolysaccharide generates conditioned media with marked proregressive activity, that is completely blocked by a combination of neutralizing antibodies directed to IL-1β and TNFα but not to other factors. The same combination of blocking antibodies, as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, interfere with macrophage-dependent hyaloid vasculature regression in mice suggesting that proinflammatory cytokine signaling regulates capillary regression in vivo. In addition, we identified a capillary regression signaling signature in endothelial cells downstream of these proregressive agents that is characterized by increased levels of ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1), phospho-p38, and phospho-MLC2 (myosin light chain-2) and decreased levels of phospho-Pak2, acetylated tubulin, phospho-cofilin, and pro-caspase3. Finally, we identified combinations of pharmacological agents (ie, FIST and FISTSB) that markedly rescue the proregressive activities of IL-1β, TNFα, and thrombin, individually and in combination.

Conclusions:

Overall, these new studies demonstrate that the major proinflammatory mediators, IL-1β, TNFα, and thrombin, are key regulators of capillary tube regression—a critical pathological process regulating human disease.
Impact of Palliation Strategy on Interstage Feeding and Somatic Growth for Infants With Ductal‐Dependent Pulmonary Blood Flow: Results from the Congenital Catheterization Research Collaborative
Authors: Nicholson George T. , Glatz Andrew C. , Qureshi Athar M. , Petit Christopher J. , Meadows Jeffery J. , McCracken Courtney , Kelleman Michael , Bauser‐Heaton Holly , Gartenberg Ari J. , Ligon R. Allen , Aggarwal Varun , Kwakye Derek B. , Goldstein Bryan H.
Published: December 2019

Background

In infants with ductal‐dependent pulmonary blood flow, the impact of palliation strategy on interstage growth and feeding regimen is unknown.

Methods and Results

This was a retrospective multicenter study of infants with ductal‐dependent pulmonary blood flow palliated with patent ductus arteriosus (
PDA
) stent or Blalock‐Taussig shunt (
BTS
) from 2008 to 2015. Subjects with a defined interstage, the time between initial palliation and subsequent palliation or repair, were included. Primary outcome was change in weight‐for‐age
Z
‐score. Secondary outcomes included % of patients on: all oral feeds, feeding‐related medications, higher calorie feeds, and feeding‐related readmission. Propensity score was used to account for baseline differences. Subgroup analysis was performed in 1‐ (1V) and 2‐ventricle (2V) groups. The cohort included 66
PDA
stent (43.9% 1V) and 195
BTS
(54.4% 1V) subjects. Prematurity was more common in the
PDA
stent group (
P
=0.051). After adjustment, change in weight‐for‐age
Z
‐score did not differ between groups over the entire interstage. However, change in weight‐for‐age
Z
‐score favored
PDA
stent during the inpatient interstage (
P
=0.005) and
BTS
during the outpatient interstage (
P
=0.032). At initial hospital discharge,
PDA
stent treatment was associated with all oral feeds (
P
<0.001) and absence of feeding‐related medications (
P
=0.002). Subgroup analysis revealed that 2V but not 1V patients demonstrated significant increase in weight‐for‐age
Z
‐score. In the 2V cohort, feeding‐related readmissions were more common in the
BTS
group (
P
=0.008).

Conclusions

In infants with ductal‐dependent pulmonary blood flow who underwent palliation with
PDA
stent or
BTS
, there was no difference in interstage growth.
PDA
stent was associated with a simpler feeding regimen and fewer feeding‐related readmissions.
Nonhuman Animal Nations: Transforming Conservation into Wildlife Self-Determination
Authors: Rizzolo Jessica Bell , Bradshaw Gay
Published: December 2019

Neuroscientists have recently asserted that human and nonhuman animals share comparable brain structures and processes that govern cognition, emotion, and consciousness. This unitary, species-common model of trans-species neuropsychology compels a transformation from the current model of wildlife conservation to wildlife self-determination. Self-determination supports wildlife agency and resilience at the individual and population levels and is based on principles of positive assistance and supportive intervention, parallel sovereignty, and fair terms of cooperation in wildlife-human interactions. The case of Asian elephants (Elephus maximus) in Thailand illustrates how wildlife capture and domination-based captivity, even when intended to conserve animals, can impede self-determination by producing psychophysiologically traumatized wildlife. This article integrates concepts germane to individual animals (agency and trauma recovery) with characteristics of wildlife populations and species (self-determination). It contends that psychosocial data on the mental, emotional, and social functioning of wildlife societies and their members should be included in wildlife assessments and policies.
In-situ severe breeding habitat intervention only achieves temporary success in reducing Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection
Authors: Fernández-Loras Andrés , Boyero Luz , Bosch Jaime
Published: December 2019

Chytridiomycosis, an emerging infectious disease caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is causing sharp declines in amphibian populations around the globe. A substantial research effort has been made to study the disease, including treatments against Bd, but most treatments have been applied to captive amphibians only. We report a study aimed at clearing wild populations of the Common Midwife toad Alytes obstetricans. We removed all larvae from natural breeding sites (cattle troughs) and conducted two types of severe breeding habitat manipulation (complete drying and fencing for the whole breeding season). While larval removal followed by drying was a successful method of Bd elimination, the effect was only temporary. Since terrestrial habits of adult A. obstetricans prevent them from infection, our findings suggest that, even in simple breeding habitats where all aquatic amphibian stages can be handled and extreme habitat intervention is possible, Bd cannot be eliminated without controlling other potential Bd reservoirs in the surroundings of breeding sites.
Competence-Based Approach, Normative Control, and the International Responsibility of the EU and Its Member States
Authors: Contartese Cristina
Published: December 2019

Within the debate on the attribution of international responsibility to international organizations and/or its Member States, the role that the internal rules of the organization may play is not settled. The competence-based approach, where a relationship is supposed to exist between the EU/Member States’ division of competences and international responsibility, and the normative control doctrine, where the Union is deemed responsible for the actions of its Member States in the course of implementing EU law, are at the heart of such debate. This contribution aims to investigate whether the recent practice concerning the Union’s international responsibility in the fields of fisheries and investment adds clarifying elements. The analysis will specifically focus on the 2015
ITLOS

Advisory Opinion (Case No 21), an award under the Energy Charter Treaty (Electrabel v Hungary), and the investor-to-state dispute settlement mechanisms laid down in the recent EU bilateral investment agreements. Although one of these cases seems to implicitly recognise the normative control as a rule for the attribution of conduct to the EU when its Member States act implementing Union acts, what is missing, however, is a clear and deep debate on its specific elements. Discussions on a competence-based approach and normative control seem generally confused at the EU as well as at the international community level, suggesting that important opportunities have been missed to properly re-open the debate on the role of the organizations’ internal rules for the attribution of international responsibility.
Untranslatability as Resistance
Authors: Fischione Fernanda
Published: December 2019

In this paper I show the close correlation between cultural resistance and the comeback of the Arabic literary heritage in Levantine rap music in the aftermath of the 2011 Arab uprisings. In order to achieve this goal, I provide a number of textual examples that focus on both the content and the rhetorical tools used to convey it, being constantly aware that in the field of rap, perhaps more than elsewhere, ‘the medium is the message’ (Marshall McLuhan). In present-day Levantine rap lyrics, we can acknowledge a wide area of untranslatability, and it is specifically in this transcultural opacity that rap displays its resistant nature. In this paper I attempt to show how the conscious use of several varieties of the Arabic language, motifs belonging to the Arabic poetic tradition and references to local history and culture contribute to create small ‘cultural fortresses’ in individual lyrics, and these stimulate the listener to identify with it.
eWords for New Worlds
Authors: Smail Salhi Zahia , Golzard Vahideh
Published: December 2019

The potential impact of the internet on women’s empowerment can be identified in a variety of ways. The internet can provide diverse avenues for women’s social, political and economic empowerment and valuable sites can help with education, health, information and awareness of human rights in the public and the private spheres. Beyond these parameters the internet is also an open gate to the world, one that allows women to join global networks from the confines of their homes and break the boundaries of closed societies. In this article, we explore the changes the internet has brought to the lives of Iranian women. Drawing on interviews with a group of Iranian women who are active internet users in Tehran, we address how they understand and perceive digital empowerment.
Defining International Terrorism to Protect Human Rights in the Context of Counter-terrorism
Authors: Margariti Stella
Published: December 2019

The main argument of this article is that defining international terrorism will further the protection of human rights in the context of counter-terrorism. For this purpose, it will be shown that the transnational legal system under which counter-terrorism operates is fraught with problems regarding human rights protection. Secondly, it will be shown how domestic counter-terrorism legislation can become a breeding ground for serious human rights violations, when based on too broad or otherwise problematic definitions of terrorism. Finally, it will be explored how human rights protection has been addressed so far by the relevant bodies of the United Nations and to what extent, if finalised, an internationally agreed upon definition of terrorism in the framework of the UN Comprehensive Convention will contribute to a fuller enjoyment of rights in a counterterrorism context.
Who Does Greenpeace India Represent?
Authors: Thrandardottir Erla , Mitra Susanna G.
Published: December 2019

The global governance literature is increasingly concerned with questions regarding the purpose of global governance and the sources of power in world politics. One strand of this debate centers on nongovernmental organizations and to what extent their role in global politics and policy processes is legitimate. This article uses Greenpeace India as an instructive case study to analyze the legitimacy problems facing international nongovernmental organizations (INGO s) campaigning on a global policy platform in the context of domestic politics. The article argues that the undertheorization of INGO s’ agency as global actors is likely to reproduce processes of structural delegitimation that maintain a discrepancy between two of their legitimacy constructs. This is exemplified in questions about their representativeness and restrictive regulatory frameworks that undermine their legality. This article proposes that developing a more nuanced empirical understanding of the endogenous and exogenous limits of INGO s’ power can help bridge the theoretical gap between their global and local agencies.
Beyond a Seat at the Table
Authors: Choer Moraes Henrique
Published: December 2019

Debates on the legitimacy of global governance pay remarkably little attention to whether and how developing countries can influence global governance. Instead, the focus lies significantly on addressing legitimacy challenges such as access and exclusion in global governance. Despite their merits, these debates often stop short of addressing a crucial question: How can weak states harness increased participation in global governance if they are ill-equipped to do so? To respond to this question, this article lays down a framework of mechanisms that might induce more influence by developing countries. The article makes two claims. First, we should understand influence as the combination of two skills: translation of global governance and empowerment to defend the interests of a country at global decision-making processes. Second, increased influence by developing countries must be stimulated by leveraging both domestic capacities (actor-level mechanisms of influence) and resources available at the international system (system-level mechanisms).