bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Appearances of Postmodernism in Ferhad Pirbal’s Novels
Authors:   College of Alnguage, Salahaddin University, Shekh Mohammed Sangar Qadr , Wsw Dldar Ado ,   Faculty of Education, Soran University
Published: June 2023

Abtract This research entitled (Appearances of Postmodernism in Ferhad Pirbal’s Novels), focused on the appearance of features of postmodernism in Kurdish literature generally and Kurdish novel in a specific way. The research castrated on that nowadays most of texts wrote in Kurdish language have wrote under the impact of postmodernism ideas and method. The novels of Ferhad Pirbal can be looked as pioneers in Kurdish literature, because the writer finished his study in France and got the impact of European literature on his works. The issue of identity, feminism, ambiguity and psychology of individual person are subjects the novels based on.
The story of King Etana and its reflection in Zagros art and literaturee
Authors:   College of Human Sciences, Sulaimanya University, Mohammed Wafa Taher , Marf Dlshad Aziz
Published: June 2023

Abstract The literature and art of Mesopotamia and the Zagros are the oldest known examples of presenting stories, epics, and myths and spreading them in the Near East. One of the Sumerian folk literature examples repeatedly recorded in the Sumerian, Babylonian, and Assyrian cuneiform records is the epic poem of the Sumerian king Etana, who had no children to inherit his throne, so he flew to heaven on the back of an eagle to ask the heaven god Anu to have a son. This paper addresses a number of research questions such as: Is there a cuneiform version of the epic in the Zagros? Did the events of the epic relate to the geography of the Zagros? How are the characters of the epic portrayed in the art of Zagros? What are the differences between the characters of the epic depicted in the Zagros and the Mesopotamian examples? This paper deals with searching for academic answers to a number of research questions, such as: is there any cuneiform record version of the epic in the Zagros? Did the events of the epic relate to the geography of the Zagros? In which way are the characters of the epic depicted in the Zagros arts? Is there any difference between imagining the characters of the epic in the Zagros and comparing them with Mesopotamian examples?
The right of foreign female domestic workers to dignified treatment
Authors:   College of Law, Duhok University, Abdullah Nahla Siso , Hamed Abdullah Fazil ,   Faculty of Law, Political Science and Management, Soran University
Published: June 2023

Abstract This study is an effort to clarify and define the content of the foreign female domestic worker's right to be treated with dignity. This topic is of special importance, as there are a significant number of foreign female domestic workers who are working in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. However, there is no special legal regulation for domestic service workers, particularly for foreign workers, to guarantee their rights including the right to be treated with dignity. From this point of view, the study attempted to identify legal vacuums, simultaneously address them by relying on the analytical comparative approach. Therefore, to dive deeper into the subject, our study was divided into two sections; the first section focused on the concept of the right of the foreign female domestic worker to be treated with dignity, while the second section is entitled the content of the right to be treated with dignity. At the end of the study, a bunch of critical results and recommendations were presented. Keywords: foreign female domestic worker, treatment with dignity, dignity in the workplace, private life, legal personality.
Spatial variability of surface water runoff and sedimentary output of the Sartka Valley Basin using the KINEROS simulation model
Authors:   Geography Department, Faculty of Education, Koya University, Hamad Nali Jawad
Published: June 2023

Abstract: The amount of water seeping into ground is varied across the study area، so the central region have a rich groundwater reservoirs due to higher water seeping ratio into the ground. - Runoff is concentrated in the most northeastern parts of the basin، and this runoff is useful in the application of water harvesting methods of various types. It is useful in the design of small dams and ponds، then constructing a dam with medium capacity at the estuary of the basin in order to collect excess water of the study area. The study recommended establishment of weather station and hydrological cross sections to measure discharge of the catchment، it also recommend using the flood water to feed and recharge the underground stock and rising groundwater table. Forecasting the water yield and the sedimentary output that results from a rainstorm on the river basins has not taken a large place in the hydrological studies yet، so one of the unmeasured catchment of temporary flow (Sartaka basin) was chosen for this study، it locates the extreme southwest of Shaqlawa district. The basin originates from the southern slopes of Safin mountain، which is a tributary of the Gomaspan basin. Earlier but especially in the recent years the geography has witnessed using the application of modern methods، including quantitative programs and techniques، to reach more accurate results far from description and generalization. Therefore، the study seeks to find solutions for water harvesting and reducing the manifestations of water scarcity in the study area، by modeling and simulating the relationship between climatic variables on the one hand، and surface water runoff and sedimentary product on the other hand، through experimental and programmatic methods using the (KINEROS) tool. The importance of the study is solving the water scarcity in the region and reshaping and organizing the environment of the area for the sake of developing social life in general. This study has come to end with some conclusions as stated below: - The feeding source of the basin is rainwater، which falls and takes place in the valleys during the rainy season.
Deterioration of the deterrence function against the information criminal
Authors:   College of Economy and Administration, Zakho University, Yasin Sabah Ramadhan
Published: June 2023

Summary The characteristics of cybercriminal are throwing their repercussions on the function of public deterrence and private deterrence in light of the traditional criminal methods established to treat with classical crimes. In an attempt to overcome these repercussions, it is necessary to diversify the penalties for crimes that occur in the digital environment and to move towards alternative penalties that have been proven effective in reforming and rehabilitating offenders, such as the punishment of community service or wearing an electronic bracelet applied in some countries and other modern methods. As well as working to intensify efforts to spread cyber-ethics starting from the childhood stage by adding cyber-ethics to educational curricula to avoid all forms of computer related crimes; As Teaching computer and internet ethics is an essential step in combating crime. Keywords: Cybercriminal, Public deterrence, Private deterrence, Deterrence obstacles, Rehabilitation
Analysis of several poetic texts according to the theory of environmental criticism
Authors:   Fculty of Arts, Soran University/ Ministry of Education, Amin Sirwan Jabbar , Mahmood Mahdi Ahmed ,   Pashdar Education Directorate, Zharawa High school
Published: June 2023

Abstract Ecocriticism is a new critical look which cares about researches of environment, nature and place in literature invention. The literary researchers have analyzed those texts which illustrate environmental concerns. This research is entitled “‌ analyzing some poetic texts according to ecocriticism theory”which is an attempt to introduce Ecocriticism theory in Kurdish literature. The research consists of two chapters; the first chapter concludes term, concept and the importance of Ecocriticism theory. In the second chapter, we have analyzed some poetic texts of Karim Dashti, Kazhal Ahmed and Dlawar Qaradagi according to the principles of this theory. In the end, list of resources and the research abstract have been illustrated in Arabic and English languages. Keywords: Environment, Ecology, Ecocriticism, Protecting the environment and Humans and the environment.
Zasady współdziałania Państwa z Kościołem na rzecz formacji do zawarcia małżeństwa i założenia rodziny
Authors: Krzywda Józef
Published: June 2023

Temat w brzmieniu: Zasady współdziałania Państwa z Kościołem na rzecz formacji do zawarcia małżeństwa i założenia rodziny wydaje się – na pierwszy rzut oka – tematem co najmniej „roszczeniowym”. Autor wychodzi wszakże z założenia, iż współdziałanie, jakie powinno występować między obu podmiotami władzy na rzecz dobra rodziny może w pewnych obszarach mieć charakter bezpośredniego, w innych, pośredniego współdziałania. Otóż pośrednie współdziałanie Państwa z Kościołem na rzecz formacji do zawarcia małżeństwa i założenia rodziny, winno znaleźć odpowiedni wymiar i swoje właściwe miejsce. Kwestie te stały się przedmiotem refleksji części 3 artykułu, w punkcie sygnowanym 3.2. pod tytułem: Obowiązek współdziałania Państwa z Kościołem na rzecz formacji do życia w małżeństwie i rodzinie. Natomiast dwa poprzednie części: 1. Relektura genezy instytucji małżeństwa i rodziny oraz 2. Potrzeba wzmacniania świadomości wartości małżeństwa i rodziny, mają na celu podkreślenie szczególnej roli Kościoła i Państwa w promocji małżeństwa i rodziny w świetle wymagań stawianych małżeństwu i rodzinie, zgodnie z nauką Kościoła oraz w świetle zasad prawa kościelnego i państwowego.
Przestępstwo niewykonania wyroku lub dekretu karnego (kan. 1371 § 5 KPK)
Authors: Majer Piotr
Published: June 2023

Artykuł zawiera omówienie przestępstwa niewykonania wyroku lub dekretu karnego. Jest to nowe przestępstwo określone w Kodeksie Prawa Kanonicznego podczas ostatniej nowelizacji kanonicznego prawa karnego na mocy konstytucji apostolskiej Pascite gregem Dei z 23 maja 2021 r. Pojawienie się przepisu kan. 1371 § 5 jest owocem negatywnych doświadczeń ostatnich lat zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do wykorzystywania seksualnego małoletnich przez osoby duchowne. Podmiotem czynnym przestępstwa jest przełożony kościelny zobowiązany do skutecznego wprowadzenia w życie wyroku lub dekretu karnego i realizacji zawartych w nich nakazów i zakazów względem skazanego. Pojęcie wykonania wyroku lub dekretu karnego jest jednak niejasne. Niektórzy przedstawiciele doktryny kwestionują wręcz taką potrzebę, uznając, iż kara jest skuteczna sama w sobie, bez potrzeby jej dodatkowego „wykonania”. To, w świetle kan. 18, może utrudnić egzekwowanie nowego przepisu.
Sprawiedliwie i godziwe przyjmowanie ofiar mszalnych
Authors: Kasperowicz Paweł
Published: June 2023

W opracowaniu zwarto treści współczesnej doktryny kanonistycznej na temat zwyczaju przyjmowania przez kapłanów ofiar mszalnych. Tekst nie stanowi jednak wyczerpującej syntezy tego złożonego zagadnienia, ponieważ założeniem Autora było podjęcie przyczynkowej próby określenia przejrzystych zasad zachowania sprawiedliwości i godziwości tych czynności. Trudno określić podjętą tematykę jako swego rodzaju temat „tabu”, gdyż czynność składania ofiar na okoliczność składania prośby o sprawowanie Mszy św. w określonej przez darczyńcę intencji stanowi codzienność życia Kościoła, jednakże wydaje się, że wymiar zachowania przy tym pewnych ogólnych zasad, którymi cechuje się dyscyplina prawa kanonicznego jest szczególnie aktualne i istotne w tym zakresie.
Ochrona małoletniego i dziecka w systemie prawnym Kościoła katolickiego
Authors: Klimkiewicz Daniel , Mazur Karolina
Published: June 2023

Celem artykułu jest omówienie kościelnych reform legislacyjnych, które dotyczą małoletnich. Zarys praw należnych dzieciom rozpoczyna się od starożytności, w ramach którego przedstawiono sytuację chrześcijan w społeczeństwie grecko-rzymskim basenu Morza Śródziemnego, w którym obowiązywało prawo rzymskie nie do końca przestrzegane. W artykule odniesiono się do średniowiecza, aby zbadać, czy ustawodawstwo zawierało przepisy prawne dotyczące ochrony małoletnich. Po krótkim historycznym nawiązaniu, Autorzy przedstawili proces ewolucji kościelnego systemu prawnego względem małoletnich, dzieląc go na trzy etapy. Obecny system prawny Kościoła katolickiego wchodzi w czwarty okres ewolucji, dlatego Państwo i Kościół powinni wykorzystywać narzędzia prawne, aby chronić małoletnich i dzieci.
GELENEKSEL TIP MİZAÇLARINDAN DESTAN KAHRAMANI TASARIMINA: OĞUZ KAĞAN’IN GELENEKSEL UYGUR MİLLÎ TIP MİZAÇLARINA GÖRE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: AKKAYA Sunay
Published: June 2023

Oğuz Kağan Destanı bin yıllar öncesine ait Türk yaşayış tarzı hakkında bilgi veren bir eserdir. Geçmiş dönemlere ait dünyaya bakışı, göçebe hayatın toplum ve teşkilat yapısı, insanlar arasındaki iletişim tarzı, inancı hakkında günümüz çalışmalarına ışık tutmaktadır. Oğuz Kağan Destanı’nda görülen bu özelliklerin yanında metnin üretildiği toplumun sahip olduğu şifacılığa dair geleneksel tıp unsurlarından izler taşıdığı da düşünülmektedir. Tarihî çağlar boyunca her toplum, hastalıkların şifasını bulmak ve sağlıklı olma durumunu korumak için çeşitli yöntemler geliştirerek bunları kullanmıştır. Sağlık insanoğlunun doğa ile uyumuna göre şekillenen bir durum olagelmiştir. Hemen hemen her toplum, yaşadığı coğrafya ve iklime göre bir tıp repertuarı geliştirmiştir. İnsanın doğayla uyumunun bir ürünü olan en eski tıp ise “geleneksel tıp” olmuştur. Geleneksel tıbba ait yöntemlerin bir kısmı yazılı eserler ve sözlü kültür aracılığıyla günümüze kadar ulaşırken birçoğu da unutulmuştur. Bunlardan en çok bilinenler ve günümüze kadar ulaşanlar Çin, Tibet, Mısır, Hint ve Uygur tıbbı olmuştur. Özellikle Türk kültürünün bir parçası olan Uygur medeniyetinin geleneksel tıp verileri beş bin sene öncesine kadar dayanmaktadır. Geçim kaynağı, yaşam biçimi, din, coğrafya gibi kültürel bellek verilerinin yanında çok köklü bir geçmişe sahip olan geleneksel tıp bilgisi de sözlü gelenekteki mit ve destan gibi halk anlatılarında yerini bulmuştur. Ancak bugüne kadar halk anlatıları hakkında geleneksel tıbbın mizaçlar teorisi kapsamında herhangi bir araştırma yapılmamıştır. Bu çalışmada, Uygur geleneksel tıbbı mizaç teorisinden hareketle Türk halk anlatılarının en eski örneği olan Uygur harfli Oğuz Kağan Destanı’ndaki insan betimlemeleri analiz edilmiştir. Yöntem olarak doküman analizi kullanılmış olup metin tahlili gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu araştırmada geleneksel Uygur millî tıbbının dört madde teorisinde yer alan ateş/safravî, hava/kan/demevî, su/limgavî/balgamî, toprak/sevdavî mizaca göre Oğuz Kağan tipi incelenmiştir. Oğuz Kağan’ın bir alp tipi olarak geleneksel tıbba göre dengeli bir kişilik özelliği sergilediği görülmüştür. Bu kapsamda gerek sahip olduğu misyonu yerine getirmek ve gerekse beden tasvirlerindeki resmedilişinden demevî, safravî ve sevdavî mizaç özelliklerini dengeli bir şekilde yansıttığı sonucuna ulaşılmakla beraber baskın olan mizacın ise demevî/kan mizaç olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
COMPRESSIVES IN STUDENT DISCOURSE OF THE INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGE ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Diachok Natalia V.
Published: June 2023

Philologists are expected to know how to analyze the results of modern nomination processes, especially those that show their belonging to the youth subcode: in word-formation, form-building, other grammatical features of compressives of different representation. Therefore, it is very important to communicate the true meaning of the modern linguistic ideas. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the productivity of compressives as the units of student jargon / discourse, on the one hand, and as the material relevant for its analysis, on the other. To achieve the aim, we have identified the following objectives: 1) to single out compressives among the traditional derivatives; 2) to determine criteria for highlighting the processes of abbreviation and univerbation; 3) to determine the reasons for the emerging of the jargonisms belonging to the type under analysis; 4) to demonstrate the importance of studying compressives in the Indo-European student discourse. Descriptive and structural methods are the main methods of the research as they facilitate the demonstration of the specific aspects of univerb formation and abbreviation as the processes matching the essence of speech compression. The distributive analysis is used to specify the forms of transformation of nominative units. Student discourse is a field of language functioning that produces neologisms resulting from different types of compression. This is connected with the dynamics of student speech as well as the youth’s need to communicate maximum necessary information in the shortest possible time. Obviously, philologists are expected to know how to analyze the results of modern nomination processes, especially those that show their belonging to the youth subcode: in word-formation, form-building, other grammatical features of compressives of different representation. That is why it is so important to communicate the true meaning of these modern linguistic phenomena. The compression phenomena includes the ones that are universal for a whole series of Indo-European languages (e.g. some types of abbreviation), while other phenomena of this type (e.g. univerbation) are not reflected in all languages of this family but observed only in some of them. As a rule, univerbation in its certain morphological manifestations is peculiar to Slavic and Germanic language systems. Abbreviation and univerbation are the main active processes enriching both speech and language with the units under consideration. However, it is reasonable to consider each of those processes by determining the main nominative unit – a nomeme.
Words in Mental Lexicon: A Comparative Analysis of Word Association (WA) Responses of Pakistani L1 and Afghan L2 Speakers of Urdu
Authors: Khan Sara , Anjum Muhammad Asif Ikram
Published: June 2023

Vocabulary acquisition in both L1 and L2 has depended on the opinion of associative language learning to help recognize and elucidate the procedures of lexical acquisition and development in the mind of language learners. To date, L2 studies in this area have delivered relatively controversial findings. The current study revisited certain corresponding issues in order to gain insight into the restoration of words in the mental lexicon. Moreover, it also strived to understand the relationship between lexical development and the process of word association (WA). To better understand the relationship between lexical meaning and mental lexicon, this study explored and compared the word associations of a group of Afghan Urdu speakers and a group of Urdu native speakers. It aimed to understand how mental links are developed between lexical items in the mental lexicon, a process commonly believed to partially support vocabulary acquisition. The findings revealed that paradigmatic relations created by L2 learners are dominant in their data sets, while syntagmatic relations are leading in L1 data sets. The findings support general trends in this area of research, that is, learning of Urdu language in Pakistan by foreigners. Moreover, the findings further highlight the importance of lexical associative processes employed in second language acquisition. To conclude, the study contributes to WA research, the description of mental lexicon, and L2 language learning and teaching.
Analyzing the Models of Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) and Constructivist EFL Pedagogy: A Review Study
Authors: Khan Imdad Ullah , Ahmed Aftab , Saeed Kamal
Published: June 2023

In recent years, the importance of developing intercultural communicative competence (ICC) has gained significant traction. Since language teachers are expected to play a crucial role in helping students to develop their ICC, this review article aims to analyze the research available about this construct to understand its implications for teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in academic settings. It begins by examining the current understanding of ICC and its importance in language learning. It then looks at how an ICC-based curriculum can be paired with a constructivist pedagogical approach to create a learning environment that promotes the exploration, experience, and comprehension of intercultural communication opportunities and challenges. Finally, it concludes with a discussion of the potential implications of incorporating ICC into English language instruction in Pakistan and other similar EFL contexts. This includes its impact on teacher education as well as its wider social implications for promoting interculturality in EFL learning environments.
Shift or Maintenance: The Effects of Gender on Language Use among transplanted Khowar Speakers in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Abbasi Muhammad Hassan , David Maya Khemlani , Naz Hera
Published: June 2023

Pakistan is a diverse multiethnic country and has different cultures and languages. There are 74 languages spoken in the country (Siddiqui, 2019), year). However, different communities tend to migrate from their hometowns or rural areas to cities due to geographical, social, and economic mobility. In cities, they tend to adopt a new identity, culture, and language for sustainability. Karachi is the provincial capital and hub of various speech communities and faces these issues. This study focuses on an inter-provincial migrated Khowar community and their language use at home, neighborhood, educational institutions, and workplace domains in Karachi. It investigates the language use patterns with a focus on male and female Khowar speakers who have different roles and exposures in society. A qualitative case study has been undertaken with purposive and snowball sampling. Data for linguistic choices were taken from 20 young male and female Khowar speakers enrolled in a public sector university through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed and underwent thematic analysis. The findings of the study revealed differences in language use patterns across gender; female Khowar speakers are preserving the language in the home, neighborhood, and educational sector while the male speakers are shifting to Urdu and English in educational and social domains. However, the language practices for both males and females are changing within the workplace domains as Urdu is used as a common Lingua Franca for wider communication. Although the language use patterns have begun to change, the male and female Khowar speakers maintain a strong ethnolinguistic identity and affiliation with their community. Government, community members, and policymakers must be made aware of shifting language use among Khowar and other ethnic communities who have migrated to multilingual cities for a better understanding of the multilingual scenario in cities and drafting and designing the official language policy and planning at the provincial and federal level.
Philosophy of Education and Methodology of Educational Research: the curriculum of the discipline – for higher education applicants of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the specialty "011 Educational, pedagogical sciences"
Authors:   Institute of Pedagogy of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Malykhin Oleksandr , Popov Roman ,   Institute of Pedagogy of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine
Published: June 2023

Анотація (англійською мовою) The curriculum of the discipline “Philosophy of Education and Methodology of Educational Research” is compiled in accordance with the educational and scientific program of training of the third level of higher education in the field of knowledge 01 “Education/Pedagogy” for specialty 011 “Educational, pedagogical sciences”. The aim of the discipline “Philosophy of Education and Methodology of Educational Research” is to form and develop methodological culture and research competence, paradigm of independent scientific thinking through acquiring theoretical and methodological knowledge of investigating present-day education among students.
MANUSIA SEBAGAI MAKHLUK PEDAGOGIS DALAM FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Yudha Mohammad Wira , Sya'bani Mohammad Ahyan Yusuf
Published: June 2023

Humans in Islam have the potential to be educated as well as educate or pedagogically, talent and their environment are two lines of convergence that strive for human development, besides that as beings who can develop and be educated, humans also need education to develop themselves. Because humans in essence have the ability to know the highest level, as well as placing them as individual, social and cultural creatures that grow and develop in culture as a whole, including education and also as humans have rational abilities, from rational abilities that humans can learn from what they see. This study wants to reveal how the concept of humans as pedagogical beings in Islamic educational philosophy?. The method used is qualitative with a library research approach. The result of this research is that humans as pedagogical creatures in Islam have good potentials to be developed in education. Both himself as an educator (subject) and as a learner (object). Because humans were created by Allah as noble and perfect creatures compared to other creatures.
PEMANFATAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Abute Erniwati La , Koba'a Hasna , Sukmawati Sukmawati , Yahya Muhamad , Aimang Hasrat A
Published: June 2023

The learning process will run well of course by using intermediary media that are in accordance with the material being taught. Aside from being an intermediary medium, it is also useful for overcoming the limitations of space and time, such as objects that are too large can be replaced with reality, images, or film frames. The purpose of this study in Utilizing Learning Media in Increasing Student Knowledge in Islamic Religious Education Lessons at MA DDI Midaarul Ulum Kilongan, is to find out the state of the learning media that is in MA DDI Midaarul Ulum Kilongan, as well as to find out the use of learning media in the process of increasing student knowledge .. The method in this study uses a qualitative approach and data collection using observation and interview techniques. The results of this study indicate that the use of learning media in increasing student knowledge in Islamic religious education subjects at MA DDI Midaarul Ulum Kilongan is very good, which in the use of this learning media can help educators convey the material being taught, so that the message conveyed clearer and learning can run smoothly, regularly and effectively. In learning Islamic Religious Education at MA DDI Midaarul Ulum Kilongan, the media that is popularly used is audio-visual media. Because using audio-visual media can attract students' attention so that it can make it easier to learn a lesson provided by educators.
Liberation Theology's Use of the Exodus as a Soteriological Model
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Dupertuis Atilio
Published: June 2023

This investigation studies the soteriology of Latin American liberation theology particularly in the light of its use of the Exodus as a liberation model. Chapter I briefly traces the historical and theological developments in the continent, from its discovery to the present, in an effort to provide a better understanding of the circumstances and currents of thought which led to the emergence of liberation theology. Chapter II shows that liberation theology takes its starting point from a decided commitment to create a new and more human society, through the radical change of the present unjust social order seen as oppressive and sinful. In its struggle on behalf of the poor and marginalized, liberation theology differs essentially from earlier forms of social Christianity where advantaged groups endeavored to express their faith in bettering the lot of the poor. Liberation theology is a movement from within the marginalized: it aims at liberation of the oppressed by the oppressed themselves. The Exodus of the Israelites from Egyptian bondage provides the paradigmatic text par excellence as liberation theologians attempt to articulate their concerns. Chapter III endeavors to demonstrate that the Exodus, though central in the faith of Israel, is not the center or foundation of all the Old Testament; it is rather an integral part of a larger story, a segment of redemptive history. Consequently, it should be viewed not only as an isolated socio-political event but also as a religious one. The liberated slaves were the covenant people of Yahweh, and the interpretation that Scripture gives to this event looks not so much to Israel's new political situation, or to her relation to the former oppressor, but rather to her renewed relationship with Yahweh and her new responsibilities to the world. This investigation concludes that liberation theology, in spite of its timeliness and virtues, due to its absorbing preoccupation with the historical, has to a large extent neglected the transcendent, thus weakening the possibilities of a greater impact. In a justified reaction against an excessive verticalism in much of traditional theology, it has tended to go to the opposite extreme of an excessive horizontalism, emptying the Gospel of much of its saving content.
Nonclassroom Teacher-Student Association in Seventh-day Adventist Academies in the Northern and Central California Conferences
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Kerbs John
Published: June 2023

Problem. Nonclassroom teacher-student relationships were studied in the secondary-school setting with regard to their occurrence; their perceived value, adequacy, and effects; their preferred forms or types; and the perceived barriers to teacher-student association. Method. This was a descriptive study employing survey research. A 53-item questionnaire was completed by 671 senior students, full-time teachers, and principals in the eleven SDA academies and two boarding academies in the Northern and Central California Conferences. The data from the questionnaires were summarized--totaling responses and calculating percentages, means, and standard deviations. Comparisons were made and some differences were evaluated by applying t tests, accepting .05 as the level of significance. Findings. The data revealed that although students do perceive their teachers as involved in nonclassroom teacher-student activities, teachers saw themselves as more involved outside the classroom than did their students. Students, teachers, and principals rated nonclassroom contact as important, with teachers placing it higher in value than did students, as did females over males, high GPA students over low, and boarding- over day-school students. Students were moderately to well-satisfied with the quantity and quality of their nonclass relationships. Teachers were more satisfied than students. All groups surveyed agreed that students' receptivity to learning opportunities was increased by pleasant nonclassroom teacher-student contact. Certain types of contact with teachers were valued more highly than others. Ranking high were: Be easily available just to talk even when the student has no special problem; be available to help students with assignments; invite students to their homes; and often smile at or greet students. Some differences between boarding- and day-student preferences appeared. The main barriers to nonclassroom involvement perceived by students were teacher partiality, busyness, and fear of discipline breakdown. Conclusions and Recommendations. Teachers disliked outside the classroom are perceived as a deterrent to learning; therefore pleasant nonclassroom teacher-student interaction should be seen as essential at all levels of education; teachers should be expected to have yearly objectives for nonclassroom involvement; and provision should be made in the teacher's schedule for these out-of-class activities.
Effects of Rational-Emotive Group Therapy Upon Anxiety and Self-Esteem of Learning Disabled Children
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Meyer Donna
Published: June 2023

Previous research has indicated the effectiveness of rational-emotive education techniques in reducing anxiety and building self-esteem with regular classroom children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of rational-emotive group therapy on anxiety and self-esteem of learning-disabled children. One hundred ten learning-disabled children (ages 8-13) were assigned to one of three experimental conditions: rational-emotive therapy (N=32), recreational-educational programming (N=31), or no-contact (N=47). Within the two experimental treatments that actually met, groups of seven to nine members, similar in chronological age, were formed. The rational-emotive groups received therapy based on rational-emotive theory. The recreational-educational programming groups engaged in such activities as arts and crafts, table-top games, gym activities , sports, auditory center, and hiking. The no-contact group did not meet. A total of nine sessions over a ten-week period were conducted with the children who were in the rational-emotive and recreational-education groups. Pre- and posttest measures of self-esteem (SEI) and anxiety (TA3C) were obtained. In this quasi-experimental study, a non-equivalent control-group research design was employed. The data were studied statistically by univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance and discriminant analysis. Results indicated significantly lower mean anxiety scores for the rational-emotive therapy group (p < .0005) after treatment. No significant difference was obtained in mean self-esteem estimates. It was concluded that rational-emotive group therapy shows potential for use in reducing anxiety in learning disabled children. This study supports the findings of earlier research that rational-emotive therapy is highly effective in reducing anxiety. It is suggested that self-esteem may be less susceptible to change over relatively short-term therapy periods. Recommendations for further research are offered.
A Factorial Description of Tasks of the Family
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Ogawa Hideyo
Published: June 2023

Problem An understanding of the adjustment of the family may be facilitated by analyzing the tasks and the task performance of the family. This analysis requires a knowledge of the content and the construct of family tasks. The purpose of the study was to describe a factorial construction of the tasks of the family in exploring the content and the construct of family tasks. Method An instrument was developed which identified the extent to which family member percieved a wide variety of tasks relevant to family living. This instrument was administered to individuals in 280 families living in Lincoln Township, Berrien County, in southwestern Michigan. A number of factor analyses were conducted and then compared in describing dimensions of the tasks of the family. To check the relationships between factorial dimensions of the tasks of the family and demographic variables of the family other multivariate correlational analyses such as stepwise regression, canonical, and discriminant analyses were used. Results An eight-factor model was chosen after comparing the outcomes of different factor analyses. The extracted eight factors were: (1) group integration, (2) affective intimacy, (3) economy, (4) social adjustment, (5) extended kinship, (6) recreation-stimulation, (7) philosophy-value system, and (8) nurturance. A number of multivariate correlational analyses indicated that there were a number of significant relationships between some of the factors and demographic variables in the families. A regression analysis found that the affective intimacy factor was strongest in accounting for different levels of family happiness. Conclusion The approach followed in this study suggested that theretofore vague concepts such as "family tasks" can be defined through empirical methods. The empirical models thus constituted would enable a more precise theory of family living to be developed.
The Development of a Continuing Educational System for the College of the Bahamas with Implications for Third World Countries
Authors:   , Roach Arthur ,   Andrews University
Published: May 2023

Problem. The problem addressed in this study is what form adult education should take and how it should be organized and administered to provide maximum effect for The Commonwealth of the Bahamas, considering its geography. No systematic study has been undertaken with a view to develop such a continuing education system. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a continuing education system for the College of the Bahamas. Method. The study utilized a developmental research approach to investigate the organization and administration of continuing education in institutions of higher education in the United States with a view to develop a continuing educational system for the College of the Bahamas. A letter containing seven questions covering organization, administration, program planning, and evaluation was sent to sixty institutions; fifty institutions (83.33 percent) responded to the questionnaire. Conclusions. 1. How should the Continuing Education Division of the College of the Bahamas be organized? The Continuing Education Division should have a centralized structure with a chief administrator being a director with responsibilities to the principal of the college. Additionally, the Division should be organized into departments based upon the Division's functions. 2. What relationship should exist between the Continuing Education Division and other divisions of the college? A spirit of cooperation should exist with the other academic divisions and the Director of Continuing Education should be afforded equal status to the other academic divisions of the institution. 3. What programs and activities should be sponsored by the Division? The majority of the respondents offered a variety of credit and non-credit programs that met the needs of the clientele. 4. What procedures would best implement these programs and activities? The majority of respondents in following the program planning process began by conducting a needs-assessment. 5. What financial support would be needed? Financial support would be needed to cover the instructional and administration cost of the program. 6. What facilities would adequately deliver the program? The selection of a site and the environment of the facility should enhance adult learning. 7. What evaluation procedures and measures would be most used? The majority of the respondents distributed standardized evaluation forms to the participants at the end of the programs to evaluate the activity.
The Impact of Student Evaluative Feedback on the Perception of the Teaching Faculty at Andrews University
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Siagian Edmund
Published: June 2023

Problem. Educational researchers have little consensus of opinion regarding the usefulness of student evaluations and much less of the use of student evaluative feedback as a means of improving teachers' performance. However, because a movement of educational accountability pervades institutions of higher learning and administrators desire to keep students content, many school administrators periodically assess the performance of their teaching faculty by student evaluation. This study investigates the impact of student evaluative feedback on the perception of the teaching faculty at Andrews University, with the hope that the findings may help resolve whether student evaluation is helpful for improvement of teaching quality through the teachers' change of perception. Method. Two sources of data were used: (1) Teachers were evaluated by students as part of the institution's teaching-evaluation program. The results, which were obtained from the Institutional Research Office, served as feedback to teachers as well as for correlational studies. (2) The full-time teaching faculty of the University were randomly divided into six groups to meet the requirement of the study design. Self-rating responses regarding their teaching performance were gathered from the teachers over a period of six months. One hundred and fourteen teachers participated - - a 70.4 percent participation. Two statistical methods were used for analyzing the data: stepwise multiple regression and zero-order correlation. The five hypotheses were tested for their incremental R2, correlation, and correlation differences. Findings. At the .05 level, four of five null hypotheses in the study were supported. The study revealed that student-evaluative feedback did not have any significant impact on the perception of AU's teachers regarding their teaching performance, both short-term and long-term. Neither were the three areas to which the thirteen items (variables) belong significantly different from one another. There was also no correlation found between the self-rating of the teachers and the student rating, except for one variable (Integrate Christian concepts into the course content). However, it was found that two of the demographic variables (sex and tenure) occasionally played a significant part in explaining the variance in teachers' self-rating scores. Conclusion. The findings suggest that the population under study either does not regard student evaluation accurate or important or is unwilling to admit or change their habits, attitude, and philosophy of teaching. The faculty members were not affected by the student-evaluative feedback.
William Warren Prescott, Seventh-day Adventist Educator
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Valentine Gilbert
Published: June 2023

Problem. William Warren Prescott, 1855-1944, was one of the most influential educators of the Seventh-day Adventist church. As a religious educator he also served the church as preacher, writer, editor, and administrator. His influence on the church was extensive but until now there has been no comprehensive investigation of his life or evaluation of his contribution to the church. Method. This study investigated Prescott's life from the perspective of his work as a religious educator. It has used the documentary-historical method of research. Major sources included the extensive official correspondence in the Archives of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists and correspondence in the Ellen G. White Estate. Official records of organizations and institutions, church periodicals, newspapers, and miscellaneous archival materials were also valuable sources of information on Prescott. Conclusions. Prescott's contribution to the Adventist church as a religious educator was extensive. As president of Battle Creek College and first education secretary of the General Conference, he helped shape Adventist education to a significant degree in its philosophy, its curriculum, and its institutions. His leadership in establishing formal theological education for the ministry of the church has had a lasting impact. As a theologian Prescott helped change the focus of Adventist theology. His insistent emphasis on the doctrine of Christ contributed to changes in the understanding of the doctrine of the Trinity in the church and in prophetic interpretation. His scholarly studies in history have been of lasting benefit to the church through his writing and his editorial work. As an administrator Prescott also had a significant influence on the organizational reforms in the church accomplished in 1901. An understanding of Prescott's life illuminates the development of early Adventist education and the theological development of the church. The study should be of value in providing a helpful perspective for continuing development in these areas.
Učenje o energetskim učincima prehrane živih bića kroz igru
Authors: Štargl Mihaela , Švelec Marina
Published: June 2023

Učenje kroz igru tehnika je koja uz pažljivo osmišljavanje može potaknuti aktivno učenje temeljeno na kritičkom promišljanju uz suradnju učenika. Uz dobro osmišljenu igru usvajanje nastavnih sadržaja je učinkovitije jer pobuđuje interes učenika. Učenici uglavnom samostalno oblikuju primjere hranidbenih lanaca, ali se mogu uočiti poteškoće u razumijevanju prijenosa energije kroz hranidbeni lanac. Igra “Zvjezdica za zvjezdicom” razvijena je u sklopu projekta (IP-CORONA-2020-12-3798), kojeg sufinancira Hrvatska zaklada za znanost. Cilj igre je osigurati razumijevanje hranidbenih odnosa kod učenika te njihovo povezivanje s prijenosom energije kroz hranidbeni lanac. Igra je provedena s 50 učenika 8. razreda. Raspravom s učenicima temeljem njihovih odgovora na radnim listićima, osmišljenim u svrhu vrednovanja za učenje, utvrđeno je da su učenici uglavnom uspješno ostvarili odgojno-obrazovne ishode koji provjeravaju razumijevanje hranidbenih odnosa i energijskih učinaka prehrane. Na temelju riješenosti zadataka na radnim listićima utvrđeno je da su uspješno usvojeni koncepti Međuovisnost živih bića, Održavanje ravnoteže u prirodi te Pretvorbe energije na razini ekosustava. Manje poteškoće su vidljive u razumijevanju koncepta Prijenos energije kroz hranidbeni lanac. Na temelju analize učeničkih odgovora, pretpostavlja se da bi boljem uspjehu pridonijela dublja rasprava temeljena na analizi učeničkih odgovora na pitanja po završetku igre.
One-Sided Tale of Poor Latin America
Authors: Cerveira Kampff Luiza
Published: June 2023

The experience of participating in a mobility program is both enriching and shocking. While facing different identities and asymmetrical relations of power, the international student from the Global South is forced to reanalyze his or her identity in the world. The politics of racialization and the dichotomy between the politics of belonging and of bordering make those who study abroad realize the stereotypes of the country they are nationals of and the prejudice their co-citizens may suffer. As such, this text is my narrative as a Brazilian student in the Middle East living in a community predominantly constituted by Europeans, describing the process of realization of my identity as a Global South and Latin American citizen.
PENGARUH PENILAIAN KUIS DENGAN MEDIA VIDIO BERBASIS APLIKASI INSHOT TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR EKONOMI
Authors: Abdullah,  Nurjannah
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh dari penilaian kuis dengan media video berbasis aplikasi inshot terhadap hasil belajar ekonomi  SMA Negeri 1 Kutacane TA. 2021/2022. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 1 Kutacane. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang bersifat eksperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Kutacane T.A 2021-2022 yang berjumlah 60 siswa kelas IPS yang terdiri dari 2 kelas. Yang menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X IPS SMA Negeri 1 Kutacane T.A 2021-2022. 60. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah tes hasil belajar yang berupa pilihan ganda dan observasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Nilai t hitung yang diperoleh sebesar 3,09 dan kita bandingkan nilai t tabel sebesar 0,49, 3,09>0,49 maka dapat diartikan bahwa model pengaruh kuis dengan media video berbasis aplikasi inshoot memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar konsep manajemen kelas X IPS SMA Negeri 1 Kutacane, hal ini bermakna model pengaruh kuis dengan media video berbasis aplikasi inshoot memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar konsep manajemen kelas X IPS SMA Negeri 1 Kutacane.