bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sesbania brown manuring improves soil health, productivity, and profitability of post-rice bread wheat and chickpea
Authors: Farooq Muhammad , Ullah Naqib , Nadeem Faisal , Nawaz Ahmad , Siddique Kadambot H. M.
Published: June 2021

Continuous rotation of rice with wheat in rice–wheat system has resulted in stagnant yields and reduced profit margins while deteriorating the soil health. Legume incorporation in existing rice–wheat rotations might be a viable option to improve soil health and productivity. We investigated the influence of puddled transplanted flooded rice and direct-seeded rice on weed dynamics, soil health, productivity, and profitability of post-rice wheat and chickpea grown under zero tillage and conventional tillage. The previous direct-seeded rice crop was either sown alone or intercropped with sesbania as brown manure. The experiment comprised different rice–wheat and rice–chickpea systems which had been in place for two years: with and without rice residue retention. The initial soil analysis indicated that the plots with sesbania brown manuring in direct-seeded rice had the lowest soil bulk density (17.2%) and highest soil porosity (19.3%). Zero tillage in wheat or chickpea in the plots previously cultivated with co-culture of sesbania and direct-seeded rice increased total soil organic carbon by 13–22% in both years. The plots with sesbania brown manuring in direct-seeded rice followed by zero till or conventional till wheat and the plots with direct-seeded rice followed by zero till wheat with rice residue retention recorded the greater concentrations of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium. Zero tillage in wheat and chickpea in post-rice sesbania brown manuring plots produced 41% and 43% more grain yield than those in the puddled transplanted flooded rice with conventional tillage and had the highest profitability. Overall, the rice–chickpea systems had better soil health and profitability than rice–wheat cropping systems. In conclusion, direct-seeded rice intercropped with sesbania followed by wheat and chickpea under zero tillage suppressed weed flora and improved soil physical properties, nutrient availability, productivity, and profitability.
A framework for conceptualizing leadership in conservation
Authors: Webb Seth A. , Bruyere Brett , Halladay Matt , Walker Sarah
Published: June 2021

Conservation challenges occur in complex social-ecological systems that require scientists and practitioners to recognize and embrace that humans are active agents within these systems. This interdependence of the social and ecological components of systems necessitates effective leadership to address and solve conservation problems successfully. Although conservation practitioners increasingly recognize leadership as critical to achieve conservation goals, clarity about the term leadership remains elusive in terms of specific strategies and behaviours. Our objective in this review of conservation leadership scholarship was to build on prior literature to conceptualize and define the behavioural leadership strategies that lead to successful conservation outcomes. Following an initial review of more than 1,200 peer-reviewed publications, we conducted a systematic review of 59 articles utilizing an inductive analysis approach and identified a set of five leadership domains that contribute to positive conservation outcomes: (1) stakeholder engagement, (2) trust, (3) vision, (4) individual champion, and (5) excellence in internal attributes. Each domain is defined by 2–4 behaviours that we consider leadership practices. To sustain meaningful progress toward global conservation of biodiversity, conservation scientists and practitioners must embrace and invest in leadership as an integral component of solving our collective conservation challenges.
Seneca's Epistles to Lucilius: A Revaluation
Authors: Wilson Marcus
Published: June 2021

Invenio tamen translationes verborum ut non temerarias ita quae periculum sui fecerint; invenio imagines, quibus si quis nos uti vetat et poetis illas solis iudicat esse concessas, neminem mihi videtur ex antiquis legisse, apud quos nondum captabatur plausibilis oratio: illi, qui simpliciter et demonstrandae rei causa eloquebantur, parabolis referti sunt, quas existimo necessarias, non ex eadem causa qua poetis, sed ut inbecillitatis nostrae adminicula sint, ut et dicentem et audientem in rem praesentem adducant.

(Ep. 59.6)

I find metaphors in your writing, but not uncontrolled and so self-defeating. I find there the use of images. If anyone denies us the right to employ images in our prose by decreeing that they are allowed only in poetry, then he seems to me unfamiliar with our early prose authors whose language was not yet governed by the need to please good opinion. In expressing themselves naturally with a direct view to proving their point, they are full of these forms of comparison. I consider such devices indispensable, but not for the same reasons as do the poets. They work as a buttress for human weakness and they are effective in engaging both author and audience with the central issue at hand.
Friends or foes? Brazil, the IMF and the World Bank, 1961–1967
Authors: Altamura Carlo Edoardo , Kedar Claudia
Published: June 2021

Between June 1959 and March 1964, the democratic governments of Brazilian presidents Juscelino Kubitschek (January 1956 – January 1961), Janio Quadros (January–August 1961), Ranieri Mazzilli (August–September 1961) and João ‘Jango’ Goulart (September 1961 – April 1964) received no support from the World Bank (WB), which refused to fund even a single new project during this period. During this same period, and, more specifically, between July 1958 and January 1965, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the WB's twin institution, granted financial assistance to Brazil only twice: a controversial and highly conditional Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) signed in May 1961; and a non-conditional and automatically approved Compensatory Financial Facility (CFF), granted in May 1963 to compensate Brazil for the decrease in coffee prices on the international market.

This attitude towards Brazil changed significantly following the military coup of March 1964. Money flowed into the country and by 1970 Brazil had become the largest receiver of WB funds and a chronic borrower from the IMF, signing two SBAs in 1965, and one per year between 1966 and 1972. We use recently disclosed material from the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank archives to analyse the relationship of these two institutions with Brazil and to foster the debate on their political neutrality, arguing that the difference in the IMF's and especially the WB's relations with the military regime reflected, more than anything else, the existence of an ideological affinity between the parties with regards to the ‘right’ economic policy.
Endovascular treatment of aortic coarctation with a novel BeGraft aortic stent in children and young adults: a single-centre experience with short-term follow-up results
Authors: Yılmazer Murat Muhtar , Vuran Gamze , Meşe Timur , Güven Barış , Zihni Cüneyt , Gerçeker Engin , Doğan Eser , Murat Mehmet , Karahan Ceren , Karagöz Uğur , Karaçelik Mustafa
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

We present our experience and outcomes with the BeGraft in the treatment of aortic coarctation in a predominantly paediatric population.

Methods:

This study includes a retrospective analysis of patients who had Begraft aortic stent implantation between 2018 and 2020 from a single centre.

Results:

The BeGraft aortic stent was used in 11 patients (7 males, 4 females) with a median age of 14 (13–21) years and a median weight of 65 (46–103) kg. Coarctation was native in five patients and recurrent in six patients. Median stent diameter and length were 16 mm and 38 mm, respectively. The median peak-to-peak pressure was 30 (12–55) mmHg before the procedure and 5 (0–17) mmHg after the procedure. The stenting procedure was successful in 10 of the 11 patients. Stent migration to the abdominal aorta occurred on post-procedure day 1 in the 21-year-old patient, who had previously undergone surgical closure of the ventricular septal defect and balloon angioplasty for coarctation. After repositioning failed, the stent was safely fixed in the abdominal aorta. Strut distortion also occurred during balloon retrieval in one patient, but no aneurysm or in-stent restenosis was observed at 1-year follow-up. The patients were followed for a median of 14 (4–25) months and none required redilation.

Conclusions:

Our initial results demonstrated that the BeGraft aortic stent effectively reduced the pressure gradient in selected native and recurrent cases. Despite advantages such as a smaller sheath and low profile, more experience and medium- to long-term results are needed.
Biologically effective dose of pyraflufen-ethyl/2,4-D, applied preplant alone or mixed with metribuzin on glyphosate-resistant horseweed in soybean
Authors: Westerveld David B. , Soltani Nader , Hooker David C. , Robinson Darren E. , Sikkema Peter H.
Published: June 2021

Glyphosate resistance in weed species has presented immense challenges for farmers in Ontario. The co-application of burndown plus residual herbicides provides control of glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed in soybean. Pyraflufen-ethyl/2,4-D is a premixed herbicide formulation sold under the tradename Blackhawk®. Five field experiments were conducted over a 2-yr period (2019, 2020) in fields in southwestern Ontario to ascertain the biologically effective dose of pyraflufen-ethyl/2,4-D, applied alone, or mixed with metribuzin, for GR horseweed control when applied preplant to soybean. Soybean visible injury for all treatments was <15%. At 8 wk after application (WAA), the calculated doses of pyraflufen-ethyl/2,4-D for 50%, 80%, and 95% control of GR horseweed were 390, 1,148, and >2,108 g ha−1, respectively. The addition of metribuzin to pyraflufen-ethyl/2,4-D reduced the doses of pyraflufen-ethyl/2,4-D for 50%, 80%, and 95% control of GR horseweed to 19, 46, and 201 g ha−1, respectively. Pyraflufen-ethyl/2,4-D + metribuzin controlled GR horseweed by 97%, which is comparable to the current industry standards. Based on these results, pyraflufen-ethyl/2,4-D + metribuzin (527 + 400 g ha−1) applied preplant can be used for GR horseweed control in soybean.
Characterizing the Composition of Sand and Mud Suspensions in Coastal and Estuarine Environments Using Combined Optical and Acoustic Measurements
Authors: Pearson Stuart G. , Verney Romaric , van Prooijen Bram C. , Tran Duc , Hendriks Erik C. M. , Jacquet Matthias , Wang Zheng Bing
Published: June 2021

Quantifying and characterizing suspended sediment is essential to successful monitoring and management of estuaries and coastal environments. To quantify suspended sediment, optical and acoustic backscatter instruments are often used. Optical backscatter systems are more sensitive to mud particles (<63 μm) and flocs, whereas acoustic backscatter systems are more responsive to larger sand grains (>63 μm). It is thus challenging to estimate the relative proportion of sand or mud in environments where both types of sediment are present. The suspended sediment concentration measured by these devices depends on the composition of that sediment, thus it is also difficult to confidently measure concentration with a single instrument when the composition varies and extensive calibration is not possible. The objective of this paper is to develop a methodology for characterizing the relative proportions of sand and mud in mixed sediment suspensions by comparing the response of simultaneous optical and acoustic measurements. We derive a sediment composition index (SCI) that is used to directly predict the relative fraction of sand in suspension. Here, we verify the theoretical response of these optical and acoustic instruments in laboratory experiments and successfully apply this approach to field measurements from Ameland ebb‐tidal delta (the Netherlands). Increasing sand content decreases SCI, which was verified in laboratory experiments. A reduction in SCI appears during more energetic conditions when sand resuspension is expected. Conversely, the SCI increases in calmer conditions when sand settles out, leaving behind mud. This approach provides crucial knowledge of suspended sediment composition in mixed sediment environments.
High‐ and Low‐Angle Normal Fault Activity in a Collisional Orogen: The Northeastern Granada Basin (Betic Cordillera)
Authors: Madarieta‐Txurruka Asier , Galindo‐Zaldívar Jesús , González‐Castillo Lourdes , Peláez José A. , Ruiz‐Armenteros Antonio M. , Henares Jesús , Garrido‐Carretero María Selmira , Avilés Manuel , Gil Antonio J.
Published: June 2021

Understanding active tectonics and seismicity in extensional settings requires the analysis of high‐angle normal faults (HANFs) and the transfer of deformation at depth. The debate surrounds the role of low‐angle normal faults (LANFs) in triggering high magnitude earthquakes. The central Betic Cordillera is an active seismic zone affected by the NNW‐SSE Eurasia‐Nubia convergence and orthogonal extension. The seismicity and present‐day stress determined by earthquake focal mechanisms reveals the activity of a NE‐SW extensional system in the shallowest 12 km of the Granada Basin. The structure of the sedimentary infill, as derived by geological field and gravimetric techniques, suggests the formation of a half‐graben tilted to the N‐NE. Seismologic data suggest the activity of HANFs above 6–7 km depth and a LANF zone around 6–12 km depth, with related earthquakes of up to Mw 4.0 and 20° to 30° fault dips. High‐precision leveling lines highlight the importance of the Granada Fault in the system, with average vertical displacement rates of 0.35–1.1 mm/yr. These data suggest creep fault behavior at the surface and increased seismicity at depth. The upper crustal extension in the collisional Betic Cordillera is accommodated by a top‐to‐the‐WSW extensional detachment related to westward motion and rollback in the Gibraltar Arc and the gravitational collapse of the cordillera, in a framework of NNW‐SSE shortening. This comprehensive study draws a new scenario that advances understanding of relationships between HANFs and LANFs.
Iron and sulfate reduction structure microbial communities in (sub-)Antarctic sediments
Authors: Wunder Lea C , Aromokeye David A , Yin Xiuran , Richter-Heitmann Tim , Willis-Poratti Graciana , Schnakenberg Annika , Otersen Carolin , Dohrmann Ingrid , Römer Miriam , Bohrmann Gerhard , Kasten Sabine , Friedrich Michael W
Published: June 2021

Permanently cold marine sediments are heavily influenced by increased input of iron as a result of accelerated glacial melt, weathering, and erosion. The impact of such environmental changes on microbial communities in coastal sediments is poorly understood. We investigated geochemical parameters that shape microbial community compositions in anoxic surface sediments of four geochemically differing sites (Annenkov Trough, Church Trough, Cumberland Bay, Drygalski Trough) around South Georgia, Southern Ocean. Sulfate reduction prevails in Church Trough and iron reduction at the other sites, correlating with differing local microbial communities. Within the order Desulfuromonadales, the family Sva1033, not previously recognized for being capable of dissimilatory iron reduction, was detected at rather high relative abundances (up to 5%) while other members of Desulfuromonadales were less abundant (<0.6%). We propose that Sva1033 is capable of performing dissimilatory iron reduction in sediment incubations based on RNA stable isotope probing. Sulfate reducers, who maintain a high relative abundance of up to 30% of bacterial 16S rRNA genes at the iron reduction sites, were also active during iron reduction in the incubations. Thus, concurrent sulfate reduction is possibly masked by cryptic sulfur cycling, i.e., reoxidation or precipitation of produced sulfide at a small or undetectable pool size. Our results show the importance of iron and sulfate reduction, indicated by ferrous iron and sulfide, as processes that shape microbial communities and provide evidence for one of Sva1033’s metabolic capabilities in permanently cold marine sediments.
Simple parameters predicting extrahepatic recurrence after curative hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yoon Jae Hyun , Lee Won Jae , Kim Sun Min , Kim Kwang Tack , Cho Sung Bum , Kim Hee Joon , Ko Yang Seok , Kook Hyun Yi , Jun Chung Hwan , Choi Sung Kyu , Kim Ban Seok , Cho Seo Yeon , You Hye-Su , Lee Yohan , Son Seyeong
Published: June 2021

Extrahepatic recurrence (EHR) after curative hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with a poor prognosis. We investigated the features of EHR and identified its predictive factors. This retrospective study included 398 treatment-naive patients who underwent curative hepatectomy for HCC at two tertiary hospitals. Multivariate Cox-regression analysis was performed to identify the variables associated with EHR. EHR was diagnosed in 94 patients (23.6%) over a median follow-up period of 5.92 years, most commonly in the lungs (42.6%). The 5-/10-year cumulative rates of HCC recurrence and EHR were 63.0%/75.6% and 18.1%/35.0%, respectively. The median time to EHR was 2.06 years. Intrahepatic HCC recurrence was not observed in 38.3% of patients on EHR diagnosis. On multivariate analysis, pathologic modified Union for International Cancer Control stage (III, IVa), surgical margin involvement, tumor necrosis, sum of tumor size > 7 cm, and macrovascular invasion were predictive factors of EHR. Four risk levels and their respective EHR rates were defined as follows: very low risk, 1-/5-year, 3.1%/11.6%; low risk, 1-/5-year, 12.0%/27.7%; intermediate risk, 1-/5-year, 36.3%/60.9%; and high risk, 1-year, 100.0%. Our predictive model clarifies the clinical course of EHR and could improve the follow-up strategy to improve outcomes.
The effect of pre-resection obesity on post-resection body composition after 75% small bowel resection in rats
Authors: Patel Neesha S. , Yanala Ujwal R. , Aravind Shruthishree , Reidelberger Roger D. , Thompson Jon S. , Carlson Mark A.
Published: June 2021

In patients with short bowel syndrome, an elevated pre-resection Body Mass Index may be protective of post-resection body composition. We hypothesized that rats with diet-induced obesity would lose less lean body mass after undergoing massive small bowel resection compared to non-obese rats. Rats (CD IGS; age = 2 mo; N = 80) were randomly assigned to either a high-fat (obese rats) or a low-fat diet (non-obese rats), and fed ad lib for six months. Each diet group then was randomized to either underwent a 75% distal small bowel resection (massive resection) or small bowel transection with re-anastomosis (sham resection). All rats then were fed ad lib with an intermediate-fat diet (25% of total calories) for two months. Body weight and quantitative magnetic resonance-determined body composition were monitored. Preoperative body weight was 884 ± 95 versus 741 ± 75 g, and preoperative percent body fat was 35.8 ± 3.9 versus 24.9 ± 4.6%; high-fat vs. low fat diet, respectively (p < 0.0001); preoperative diet type had no effect on lean mass. Regarding total body weight, massive resection produced an 18% versus 5% decrease in high-fat versus low-fat rats respectively, while sham resection produced a 2% decrease vs. a 7% increase, respectively (p < 0.0001, preoperative vs. necropsy data). Sham resection had no effect on lean mass; after massive resection, both high-fat and low-fat rats lost lean mass, but these changes were not different between the latter two rat groups. The high-fat diet and low-fat diet induced obesity and marginal obesity, respectively. The massive resection produced greater weight loss in high-fat rats compared to low-fat rats. The type of dietary preconditioning had no effect on lean mass loss after massive resection. A protective effect of pre-existing obesity on lean mass after massive intestinal resection was not demonstrated.
The positive rates of hepatitis B surface antibody in youth after booster vaccination: a 4-year follow-up study with large sample
Authors: Zhu Xia , Wang Juan , Wang Ming , Du Ling-yao , Ji Yu-lin , Zhang Xuan , Tang Hong
Published: June 2021

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a public issue in the world. Hepatitis B vaccination is widely used as an effective measure to prevent HBV infection. This large-sample study aimed to evaluate the positive rates of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) in youth after booster vaccination.

Methods: A total of 37788 participants were divided into two groups according to the baseline levels of anti-HBs before booster vaccination: the negative group (anti-HBs(−)) and the positive group (anti-HBs(+)). Participants were tested for anti-HBs levels after receiving a booster vaccine at 1 and 4 years.

Results: The positive rates of anti-HBs were 34.50%, 73.80% and 67.32% before booster vaccination at 1 and 4 years after vaccination, respectively. At 4 years after the booster vaccination, the positive rates of 13–18 years were 47.54%, which was the lowest level among all youth age groups. In the anti-HBs(−) group, the positive conversion rates of anti-HBs were 74.62% at 1 year after receiving a booster vaccine, and 67.66% at 4 years after vaccination. In the anti-HBs(+) group, the positive maintenance rates of anti-HBs were 70.16% after 1 year, and 66.66% after 4 years. Compared with the baseline anti-HBs (+) group, the positive rates of the baseline anti-HBs(−) group were higher at 1 and 4 years after receiving the booster vaccine.

Conclusion: The positive rates of anti-HBs declined over time, especially the positive maintenance rates were the lowest at age of 13–18 years.
The Supine Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Test
Authors: Hoppes Carrie W. , Lambert Karen H. , Zalewski Chris , Pinto Robin , Burrows Holly , McCaslin Devin
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this clinical focus article is to describe a new method for assessment of superior semicircular canal dehiscence by laying the patient supine during Valsalva-induced nystagmus testing.

Method

The traditional Valsalva-induced nystagmus test is described, followed by a new method for assessment of superior semicircular dehiscence conducted by laying the patient supine during testing. A case study is presented to illustrate this new testing technique known as the Supine Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Test.

Results

It is hypothesized that during Valsalva-induced nystagmus testing performed in the upright, seated position, the dura mater could potentially seal the superior semicircular canal fistula, thereby concealing a defect in the bony labyrinth and yielding a false-negative test. To circumvent this, the patient should be placed in the supine position during Valsalva-induced nystagmus testing in order to prevent the dura mater from inadvertently sealing itself against the petrous portion of the temporal bone. The Supine Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Test may reveal the defect in the bony labyrinth and improve the sensitivity of the Valsalva-induced nystagmus test.

Conclusions

The Supine Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Test may be more sensitive for identifying superior semicircular canal dehiscence in patients with traditional symptoms and a negative Valsalva-induced nystagmus test in the seated position. While a case study is presented to illustrate the potential benefits of including the Supine Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Test in the battery of diagnostic tests, further research is needed in larger samples.
Modelling of a wave energy converter array with non‐linear power take‐off using a mixed time‐domain/frequency‐domain method
Authors: Wei Y. , Bechlenberg A. , Jayawardhana B. , Vakis A. I.
Published: June 2021

A mixed time‐domain/frequency‐domain method is proposed for modelling dense wave energy converter (WEC) arrays with non‐linear power take‐off (PTO). The model is based on a harmonic balance method which describes the system response in the frequency domain, while evaluating the non‐linear PTO force and solving the system equations of motion in the time domain. The non‐linear PTO force is computed with Lagrange multipliers. In order to apply the proposed method for WEC array responses in real sea states, the time series is split into time windows and the simulation is carried out individually per window. The method is demonstrated by investigating the dynamics of the Ocean Grazer WEC array (OG‐WEC) with an adaptable piston pumping system. The key parameters thought to possibly influence model accuracy, including the number of harmonic components, the length of the time window and overlay, are discussed. It is shown that the proposed model can significantly reduce the computational cost with an acceptable accuracy penalty.
Galactic spiral structure revealed byGaiaEDR3
Authors: Poggio E. , Drimmel R. , Cantat-Gaudin T. , Ramos P. , Ripepi V. , Zari E. , Andrae R. , Blomme R. , Chemin L. , Clementini G. , Figueras F. , Fouesneau M. , Frémat Y. , Lobel A. , Marshall D. J. , Muraveva T. , Romero-Gómez M.
Published: June 2021

Using the astrometry and integrated photometry from theGaiaEarly Data Release 3, we map the density variations in the distribution of young upper main sequence (UMS) stars, open clusters, and classical Cepheids in the Galactic disc within several kiloparsecs of the Sun. We derive maps of relative over- and under-dense regions for UMS stars in the Galactic disc using both bivariate kernel density estimators and wavelet transformations. The resulting overdensity maps exhibit large-scale arches that extend in a clumpy but coherent way over the entire sampled volume, indicating the location of the spiral arm segments in the vicinity of the Sun. Peaks in the UMS overdensity are well matched by the distribution of young and intrinsically bright open clusters. By applying a wavelet transformation to a sample of classical Cepheids, we find that their overdensities possibly extend the spiral arm segments on a larger scale (≃10 kpc from the Sun). While the resulting map based on the UMS sample is generally consistent with previous models of the Sagittarius-Carina spiral arm, the geometry of the arms in the III quadrant (galactic longitudes 180° <l < 270°) differs significantly from that suggested by many previous models. In particular, we find that our maps favour a larger pitch angle for the Perseus arm, and that the Local Arm extends into the III quadrant at least 4 kpc past the position of the Sun, giving it a total length of at least 8 kpc.
Research on the Export Competitiveness of Agricultural Products in Anhui Province of China from the Low-Carbon Perspective
Authors: Sun Fei , Cao Shouhui
Published: June 2021

Affected by global warming, the development of low-carbon economy in recent years has received widespread attention. In terms of trade, it is mainly manifested in carbon taxation and carbon labeling. The development of low-carbon economy will inevitably have an impact on the export of agricultural products. Taking Anhui Province, a large agricultural province in China, as an example, this paper analyzed the export competitiveness of agricultural products in Anhui by using the trade competitiveness index. The study found that agricultural export companies in Anhui had problems such as single export structure and low added value, vicious competition among export companies, and imperfect financial support systems. In order to enhance the competitiveness of agricultural exports in Anhui, the paper put forward countermeasures and suggestions in the end, such as optimizing the export structure, increasing investment in science and technology, establishing an alliance of agricultural export enterprises and increasing financial support.
Research on China’s Green Finance Promoting Sustainable Economic Development
Authors: Xiong Kai , Yao Yijun
Published: June 2021

With China’s economic development entering a new normal, green finance has become a new direction to explore the sustainable development of economy in the supply side structural reform task of “three removal, one reduction and one compensation”. Firstly, this paper analyzes the concept of green finance and its development status. Secondly, taking green credit as an example, this paper makes an empirical study on the contribution of green finance to sustainable economic development. Finally, according to the results of empirical research, some suggestions including increasing the application proportion of green finance, improving green financial products and business model and forming a market mechanism for green finance to promote green development independently, are put forward to improve the sustainable development of green finance in China.
Do patent bubbles exist? Test on innovation situation in China’s A - share market
Authors: Wang Ruoya , Zhou Yaodong
Published: June 2021

China’s expanding patent applicants reflects the results of the innovation catch-up strategy, but there have been persistent doubts about patent bubbles. Using SADF, GSADF and BSADF tests, this paper found that the phenomenon of the patent bubble is not common during the observation period in China’s listed companies from 2007 to 2019, and different degrees of patent bubbles occurred only in four industries. China’s technology market is still in the stage of innovation accumulation and catch-up.
The Application of Computer Management System in Physical Education Teaching
Authors: Chen Liying
Published: June 2021

School physical education(PE) is an indispensable part of school education, which plays an important and irreplaceable role in training builders of socialist cause with all-round development of morality, intelligence and sports. Sports network teaching management greatly improves the efficiency and efficiency of school sports teaching, which is a great change of the traditional mode., it provides a solid foundation for the establishment of Sports Network Teaching in Colleges and universities(CAU). This paper mainly studies the application of computer management system(CMS) in physical education teaching(PET). This paper studies and analyzes the method of university teaching computer management resources integration, studies the architecture of sports teaching CMS from four aspects of computing resources, storage resources, backup resources and network system, and uses ant colony algorithm to design and use sports teaching CMS. This paper also uses charts to analyze students’ attitude towards the use of CMS in PET, and the proportion of CMS in PET. The experimental results show that in the CMS of PET, the computing resources account for 38.33%, the storage resources account for 31.76%, the backup resources account for 14.62%, and the network system account for 15.29%.
Design and Realization of Big Data Learning Aid System Based on MOOC
Authors: Ping HongHai
Published: June 2021

At the beginning of 2020, in the face of the sudden new crown epidemic, the Ministry of Education proposed an emergency response policy of “stopping classes without stopping school”, and various teaching units have carried out unprecedented online teaching practices. This large-scale online teaching wave has accelerated the development speed and application scope of “Internet + Education”. Based on the big data learning support system, with teachers and students as the main body, using big data technology to integrate high-quality teaching resources and reduce teaching Cost, design and implement teaching aid system for teachers and students. Based on massive online learning data, through intelligent analysis of academic data, it will provide learners with learning suggestions, online examinations, teacher-student activities, assist teachers in implementing student evaluations, carry out precise teaching and research, and improve the curriculum resource construction system.
The application prospects of artificial intelligence in the field of mental health and hygiene
Authors: Yang Fei , Xie Jiashun , Zhong Zhi Bing
Published: June 2021

At present, clinical psychologists at home and abroad have applied artificial intelligence to the treatment of mental illness and have achieved certain results. Artificial intelligence has tried to be applied to various fields of mental health and hygiene. This article reviews the application of artificial intelligencerelated technologies in mental health, including the application of artificial intelligence to mental illness identification and early warning intervention, and the application of artificial intelligence to the mental level of the elderly, and discusses its advantages, disadvantages and prospects.
Should We Repair the Pronator Quadratus in a Distal Radius Fracture with an Ulnar Styloid Base Fracture? A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Maniglio Mauro , Truong Victor , Zumstein Matthias , Bolliger Lilianna , McGarry Michelle H. , Lee Thay Q.
Published: June 2021

Background Merits of repairing the pronator quadratus (PQ) to restore distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) stability after a volar approach remain controversial. Distal radius fractures are often associated with ulnar styloid fractures (USF). When involving the fovea, this USF can lead to a DRUJ instability. The PQ repair may be key in reducing this DRUJ instability.

Methods This study aims to assess the biomechanical role of PQ repair in a cadaveric model of USF. In 17 forearm specimens, a USF including the fovea was executed. Positional changes of the DRUJ in forearm rotation and dorso-palmar (DP) translation were measured with variable loads (0, 2.5, and 5N) applied to the PQ origin.

Results Forearm rotation and DP-translation decreased significantly with PQ loading of 5N, changing on average by 5 degrees and 0.6 mm, respectively.

Conclusion We found a significant decrease in forearm rotation and DP-translation comparing a fully loaded PQ to an unloaded PQ in our cadaveric model.
An epithelial
Nfkb2
pathway exacerbates intestinal inflammation by supplementing latent RelA dimers to the canonical NF-κB module
Authors: Chawla Meenakshi , Mukherjee Tapas , Deka Alvina , Chatterjee Budhaditya , Sarkar Uday Aditya , Singh Amit K. , Kedia Saurabh , Lum Josephine , Dhillon Manprit Kaur , Banoth Balaji , Biswas Subhra K. , Ahuja Vineet , Basak Soumen
Published: June 2021

Significance

The canonical NF-κB pathway mediates controlled nuclear activation of RelA factors, which induce proinflammatory genes. Uncontrolled RelA activity, however, fuels aberrant intestinal inflammation. What triggers pathological RelA activity in the colitogenic gut remains unclear. The noncanonical NF-κB module typically directs immune organogenesis involving
Nfkb2
gene products. We find that this otherwise harmless noncanonical signaling amplifies canonical RelA activity in the inflamed colon in inflammatory bowel disease patients and in colitogenic mice, aggravating gut pathologies. Our work further suggests that noncanonical signaling supplements copious amounts of RelA dimers, whose activation by canonical signaling exacerbates gut inflammation. In sum, we reveal a mechanism regulating disease-associated inflammation and present the noncanonical
Nfkb2
pathway as an attractive therapeutic option in inflammatory diseases.
Systematic derivation of hydrodynamic equations for viscoelastic phase separation
Authors: Spiller Dominic , Brunk Aaron , Habrich Oliver , Egger Herbert , Lukáčová-Medvid’ová Mária , Dünweg Burkhard
Published: June 2021

We present a detailed derivation of a simple hydrodynamic two-fluid model, which aims at the description of the phase separation of non-entangled polymer solutions, where viscoelastic effects play a role. It is directly based upon the coarse-graining of a well-defined molecular model, such that all degrees of freedom have a clear and unambiguous molecular interpretation. The considerations are based upon a free-energy functional, and the dynamics is split into a conservative and a dissipative part, where the latter satisfies the Onsager relations and the second law of thermodynamics. The model is therefore fully consistent with both equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The derivation proceeds in two steps: firstly, we derive an extended model comprising two scalar and four vector fields, such that inertial dynamics of the macromolecules and of the relative motion of the two fluids is taken into account. In the second step, we eliminate these inertial contributions and, as a replacement, introduce phenomenological dissipative terms, which can be modeled easily by taking into account the principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The final simplified model comprises the momentum conservation equation, which includes both interfacial and elastic stresses, a convection–diffusion equation where interfacial and elastic contributions occur as well, and a suitably convected relaxation equation for the end-to-end vector field. In contrast to the traditional two-scale description that is used to derive rheological equations of motion, we here treat the hydrodynamic and the macromolecular degrees of freedom on the same basis. Nevertheless, the resulting model is fairly similar, though not fully identical, to models that have been discussed previously. Notably, we find a rheological constitutive equation that differs from the standard Oldroyd-B model. Within the framework of kinetic theory, this difference may be traced back to a different underlying statistical-mechanical ensemble that is used for averaging the stress. To what extent the model is able to reproduce the full phenomenology of viscoelastic phase separation is presently an open question, which shall be investigated in the future.
New European Metrology Network for advanced manufacturing
Authors: Przyklenk Anita , Balsamo Alessandro , O’Connor Daniel , Evans Alexander , Yandayan Tanfer , Akgöz Sibel Asli , Flys Olena , Phillips Dishi , Zeleny Vit , Czułek Dariusz , Meli Felix , Ragusa Carlo Stefano , Bosse Harald
Published: June 2021

Advanced manufacturing has been identified as one of the key enabling technologies with applications in multiple industries. The growing importance of advanced manufacturing is reflected by an increased number of publications on this topic in recent years. Advanced manufacturing requires new and enhanced metrology methods to assure the quality of manufacturing processes and the resulting products. However, a high-level coordination of the metrology community is currently absent in this field and consequently this limits the impact of metrology developments on advanced manufacturing. In this article we introduce the new European Metrology Network (EMN) for Advanced Manufacturing within EURAMET, the European Association of National Metrology Institutes (NMIs). The EMN is intended to be operated sustainably by NMIs and Designated Institutes in close cooperation with stakeholders interested in advanced manufacturing. The objectives of the EMN are to set up a permanent stakeholder dialogue, to develop a Strategic Research Agenda for the metrology input required for advanced manufacturing technologies, to create and maintain a knowledge sharing programme and to implement a web-based service desk for stakeholders. The EMN development is supported by a Joint Network Project within the European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research.
Modeling of high permittivity insulator structure with interface charge by charge compensation
Authors: Wang Zhi-Gang , Gong Yun-Feng , Liu Zhuang
Published: June 2021

An analytical model of the power metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) with high permittivity insulator structure (HKMOS) with interface charge is established based on superposition and developed for optimization by charge compensation. In light of charge compensation, the disturbance aroused by interface charge is efficiently compromised by introducing extra charge for maximizing breakdown voltage (BV) and minimizing specific ON-resistance (R
on,sp). From this optimization method, it is very efficient to obtain the design parameters to overcome the difficulty in implementing the R
on,sp–BV trade-off for quick design. The analytical results prove that in the HKMOS with positive or negative interface charge at a given length of drift region, the extraction of the parameters is qualitatively and quantitatively optimized for trading off BV and R
on,sp with JFET effect taken into account.
High-resolution angle-resolved photoemission study of large magnetoresistance topological semimetal CaAl4
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Authors: Wu Xu-Chuan , Xu Shen , Zhang Jian-Feng , Ma Huan , Liu Kai , Xia Tian-Long , Wang Shan-Cai
Published: June 2021

Extremely large magnetoresistance (XMR) has been explored in many nonmagnetic topologically nontrivial/trivial semimetals, while it is experimentally ambiguous which mechanism should be responsible in a specific material due to the complex electronic structures. In this paper, the magnetoresistance origin of single crystal CaAl4 with C2/m structure at low temperature is investigated, exhibiting unsaturated magnetoresistance of ∼ 3000% at 2.5 K and 14 T as the fingerprints of XMR materials. By the combination of ARPES and the first-principles calculations, we elaborate multiband features and anisotropic Fermi surfaces, which can explain the mismatch of isotropic two-band model. Although the structural phase transition from I4/mmm to C2/m has been recognized, the subtle impact on electronic structure is revealed by our ARPES measurements. Considering that both charge compensation and potential topologically nontrivial band structure exist in CaAl4, our findings report CaAl4 as a new reference material for exploring the XMR phenomena.
Role of measurement uncertainty in the comparison of average areal rainfall methods
Authors: Ribeiro A S , Almeida M C , Cox M G , Sousa J A , Martins L , Loureiro D , Brito R , Silva M , Soares A C
Published: June 2021

The main motivation for this research is the growing awareness of the impact of climate change and the increasing relevance of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, aiming to contribute to the measurement of quantities like precipitation and rate of rainfall. This knowledge is widely used in hydrology, climatology and meteorology, providing data and information applied in modelling, pattern definition and recognition, and forecasting. This work is concerned with estimating the average areal rainfall in a stipulated region from rainfall intensity observations made at measurement stations within that region. It focuses on three straightforward estimation approaches: the arithmetic mean method, the Thiessen polygon method and the isohyetal method. The evaluation of the associated measurement uncertainty, for which the law of propagation of uncertainty and a Monte Carlo method as described in guidance documents from the Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology are applied, is the main consideration. The approaches described may be readily applied by practitioners. A comparison of results from applying these methods to a simple example is made. Such results are required for conformity assessment and support in urban management and water resources management worldwide.
Brain variability in dynamic resting-state networks identified by fuzzy entropy: a scalp EEG study
Authors: Li Fali , Jiang Lin , Liao Yuanyuan , Si Yajing , Yi Chanli , Zhang Yangsong , Zhu Xianjun , Yang Zhenglin , Yao Dezhong , Cao Zehong , Xu Peng
Published: June 2021

Objective. Exploring the temporal variability in spatial topology during the resting state attracts growing interest and becomes increasingly useful to tackle the cognitive process of brain networks. In particular, the temporal brain dynamics during the resting state may be delineated and quantified aligning with cognitive performance, but few studies investigated the temporal variability in the electroencephalogram (EEG) network as well as its relationship with cognitive performance. Approach. In this study, we proposed an EEG-based protocol to measure the nonlinear complexity of the dynamic resting-state network by applying the fuzzy entropy. To further validate its applicability, the fuzzy entropy was applied into simulated and two independent datasets (i.e. decision-making and P300). Main results. The simulation study first proved that compared to the existing methods, this approach could not only exactly capture the pattern dynamics in time series but also overcame the magnitude effect of time series. Concerning the two EEG datasets, the flexible and robust network architectures of the brain cortex at rest were identified and distributed at the bilateral temporal lobe and frontal/occipital lobe, respectively, whose variability metrics were found to accurately classify different groups. Moreover, the temporal variability of resting-state network property was also either positively or negatively related to individual cognitive performance. Significance. This outcome suggested the potential of fuzzy entropy for evaluating the temporal variability of the dynamic resting-state brain networks, and the fuzzy entropy is also helpful for uncovering the fluctuating network variability that accounts for the individual decision differences.
Forecasting time series data containing outliers with the ARIMA additive outlier method
Authors: Laome Lilis , Adhi Wibawa Gusti Ngurah , Raya Rasas , Makkulau  , Asbahuna Abdul Rahman
Published: June 2021

ARIMA method is often used in time series data forecasting. However, when an outlier occurs or there is an observation value that is far from a set of data, forecasting with this method will provide a large residual so that the normality assumption is not met. One method developed from the ARIMA Method that overcomes outliers, is called the ARIMA Additive Outlier Method (ARIMA AO). The purpose of this study is to forecast time series data containing outliers with the ARIMA AO Method. This method can reduce the presence of outliers with iterative procedures. The data used is data on the number of foreign tourists visiting the Port of Tanjung Priok. The results obtained are that the model has a normal distribution residual and forecasting accuracy value with MSE and MAPE is smaller than the ARIMA.
A Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Ultra-Wide Band Application Using HFSS Software
Authors: Venkateshkumar Udayamoorthy , Mega V , Rakshana P , Kumar A Mukesh
Published: June 2021

A rectangular microstrip patch antenna is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna is composed of a rectangular patch with a ground plane having compact profile, simple structure and easy for fabrication. The rectangular patch antenna is slotted with two type of rectangular and semi-circle slots so as to ensure a broad bandwidth. The antenna is constructed using a FR4 substrate with relative permittivity εr =4.4. The simulated results reveal that antenna shows impedance bandwidth 3.10 GHz-10.06 GHz and the VSWR< 2 through the impedance bandwidth and the return loss at that point is -10db. Different parameters like operating frequency, VSWR, radiation pattern, 3D polar plots are simulated using HFSS Software. The antenna can be used for ultra-wide band application. Finally, the proposed design has wide applications in the field of communication like Bluetooth operations, Wi-Fi, Wi-MAX, Telemedicine and UWB applications.