bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ferrarese Chronicles in the Modern Era
Authors: Francis Ghirardo Diane Yvonne
Published: January 2018

En 1928, Giuseppe Pardi publicó la primera de tres crónicas del siglo XV sobre Ferrara. Su edición de uno de estas tres crónicas, el Diario ferrarese dall’anno 1409 sino al 1502, sustituyó versión del siglo XVIII publicada por Ludovico Muratori. Pardi mostró una comprensión de los retos que presenta la transcripción de documentos antiguos, rehusando alterar este material y enriqueciendo las crónicas con un aparato crítico completo. A pesar de la disponibilidad y fácil acceso a materiales inimaginables hasta hace poco, las transcripciones de finales del siglo xx no llegan a los estándares establecidos por Pardi. Este artículo explora las transcripciones de las crónicas, en particular las de Pardi, ilustrando como los inicios del siglo xx fueron una época dorada sin igual antes o después.
La traducción como vehículo de divulgación de la doctrina espiritista: el caso de Defensa del espiritismo de A.R. Wallace
Authors: Verdejo Segura María del Mar
Published: January 2018

En la segunda mitad del siglo XIX España fue testigo del desarrollo y apogeo del movimiento espiritista el cual trajo consigo un impulso de la actividad traslativa. En este trabajo nos centraremos en la traducción del libro de A.R. Wallace On Miracles and Modern Spiritualism, obra de referencia en la difusión de la doctrina espiritista que fue publicada en nuestro país en 1891 con el título Defensa del espiritismo. Fijaremos nuestra atención en los paratextos que acompañan a la traducción y destacaremos los procedimientos de traducción más relevantes empleados por el traductor, Alfonso Herrera Fernández.
Un nuevo cálato inscrito de Ca n’Oliver (Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona)
Authors: Moncunill Martí Noemí , Francès Joan
Published: January 2018

Este artículo presenta la edición de una nueva inscripción ibérica hallada en el yacimiento de Turó de Ca n’Oliver (Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona). El nuevo texto documenta una nueva variante de la fórmula de la autoría en ibérico, que se caracteriza por la aparición de la palabra ekiar/egiar. En este caso, sin embargo, dicha fórmula presenta algunas variantes morfológicas y fonéticas dignas de comentario.
Le monnayage émis à Saittai de Lydie sous Septime Sévère
Authors: Amandry Michel
Published: January 2018

La cité de Saittai, en Lydie, a émis, d’Hadrien à Gallien, un monnayage intermittent et de faible ampleur. Les émissions sévériennes, signées par des archontes, ainsi que les séries sans nom d’archonte, sont étudiées ici : un catalogue précis en est établi, une chronologie relative et absolue proposée, un commentaire sur l’onomastique et la typologie donné.
Árguinas II (Segorbe, Castellón): un centro de producción cerámico ibérico
Authors: Fuentes Albero María de las Mercedes , Garibo Bodí Joan , Lozano Pérez Luis , Valcárcel Estors Amparo
Published: January 2018

Diversas intervenciones arqueológicas realizadas en las últimas décadas en la zona de Segorbe (Castellón), han aportado numerosos hallazgos relacionados con yacimientos correspondientes al periodo ibérico. Entre ellos destaca el de Árguinas II, objeto de estudio en este artículo, que en base a los restos recogidos en sucesivas prospecciones permiten identificarlo como un centro alfarero ibérico cuyo momento de máxima producción se sitúa entre los ss. IV-III a.C. Algunos materiales sugieren una ocupación de la zona en época romana.
El relieve romano con escena nilótica aparecido en Sagunto. Interpretación desde un punto de vista egiptológico
Authors: Muñoz-Santos María Engracia
Published: January 2018

Entre 2002 y 2004 se llevaron a cabo en Sagunto las excavaciones de la plaza de la Morería. Entre los muchos objetos que aparecieron, sobre una vía romana, estaba un relieve en mármol que, al ser levantado, mostraba una escena de las denominadas de tipo “nilótico”. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo aportar algo más de información a la iconografía e iconología de un objeto excepcional.
THE COSO FRAMEWORK AND THE ORGANIZATION OF INTERNAL AUDIT FOR FIGHTING AGAINST FRAUD // COSO OKVIR I ORGANIZOVANJE INTERNE REVIZIJE ZA BORBU PROTIV PREVARA
Authors: Tomaš Darko , Todorović Igor , Todorović Zdravko
Published: January 2018

Due to inability to copy certain efficient programs or strategies for fighting against fraud, many companies have developed its own programs for fighting against fraud which are appropriate for their business, legal framework and organisational culture. This paper deals with the role of internal audit in the fight against fraud, while it investigates the organisation of internal audit for fighting against fraud. The paper presents the COSO framework which is traditionally used for organisation of internal control department as a potential framework for organisation of internal audit department in fighting against fraud. According to this model, the program for fighting against fraud needs to have the following five elements: implementation of control environment for fighting against fraud, assessment of fraud risks, anti-fraud control activities, information and communication about fraud and monitoring of activities for fighting against fraud.
EXPORTS, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA // IZVOZ, INOZEMNA IZRAVNA ULAGANJA I EKONOMSKI RAST U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ
Authors: Franc Sanja
Published: January 2018

Economic growth, export and foreign direct investment have been an important research subject for many years. The argument about the role of export as one of the main deterministic factors of economic growth has its roots in classical trade theories. Furthermore, according to the neoclassical theory, long-term economic growth is the consequence of an increase in exogenous factors such as increased labor force or technological progress. The export-led growth strategy of a country aims to provide incentives for the export of goods through various economic policy measures. Its goal is to increase the production of goods and services that can compete in the global market, use advanced technology and provide foreign exchange revenue needed to import capital goods. The emergence of new theoretical models that emphasize the importance of endogenous factors for economic growth has enabled the inclusion of foreign direct investment into analysis as one of growth determinants. Free movement of capital in the past was recorded only in a few countries and several sectors, and usually the capital flows followed the trade flows. Today there is a noticeable global trend of proliferation of free movement of capital. What is more, foreign direct investments have gained importance as desirable source of capital, especially in developing countries among which a strong competition for attracting such investments has developed. Foreign direct investments represent a specific form of capital because they imply a long-term interest as well as a certain share of ownership that ensures voting rights and participation in the management of the company. There is a vast literature dealing with the effects of foreign direct investment on the recipient country. It is generally accepted that these effects positively contribute to economic growth and development due to the inflow of fresh capital and spillover effects that depend on the absorption capacity of the recipient country. In conclusion, it is to be expected that liberalization of international trade and export performance, as well as the liberalization of capital movements and the inflow of foreign direct investment have a positive impact on the economic growth of a country. The aim of this paper is to examine the correlation between export, foreign direct investments and economic growth on the example of the Republic of Croatia. The conclusions of the research are of use in adopting appropriate policies and strategies for the growth and development of small open economies such as the Republic of Croatia.
The possibilities of using biodiesel in service of reducing the urban air pollution
Authors: Đukić Veljko
Published: January 2018

Using renewable energy is in line with the global strategy of sustainable development. The use of biofuels in transport contributes to increasing security of supply and reducing dependence of the transport sector on oil, reducing the share of greenhouse gas emissions from road transport and sustainable development of urban areas. The advantage of biodiesel in comparison to other alternative fuels can be seen in use in existing vehicles without or with minor modification of existing motors, depending on the concentration of biofuels in combination with fossil fuels. This paper discusses the possibilities of reducing the air pollution by using biodiesel, pollutants arising as a result of combustion of fuel in internal combustion engines, as well as the possibility of using waste cooking oil to produce biodiesel. The presented results show the reduction of air pollution using biodiesel as an alternative fuel, as well as the possibilities of solving the problem of wasting edible oil by using it for biodiesel production
Application of Advanced Communication Technologies in the Improvement of Traffic Safety
Authors: Marković Goran Z.
Published: January 2018

Incorporation of advanced info-communication technologies into vehicular environment currently captures a large attention by numerous investigators, telecommunications operators, traffic safety regulatory institutions, car industry manufacturers and other interested participants. In this paper, we overview of some prospective wireless communication technologies, such as the DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communications) and advanced LTE (Long Term Evolution) mobile communication systems, which are considered as two promising candidates to support future traffic safety applications in vehicular environment is presented. The communication requirements of some active traffic safety applications are pointed. A summary of various types of communications for intelligent VCS (Vehicular Communication System) applications is given. Some future directions and challenging issues for implementing traffic safety applications are also discussed. Our goal is to demonstrate the growing impact and importance of modern communication technologies in achieving future traffic accident-free roads.
Autocatalytic microtubule nucleation determines the size and mass of Xenopus laevis egg extract spindles
Authors: Decker Franziska , Oriola David , Dalton Benjamin , Brugués Jan
Published: January 2018

Regulation of size and growth is a fundamental problem in biology. A prominent example is the formation of the mitotic spindle, where protein concentration gradients around chromosomes are thought to regulate spindle growth by controlling microtubule nucleation. Previous evidence suggests that microtubules nucleate throughout the spindle structure. However, the mechanisms underlying microtubule nucleation and its spatial regulation are still unclear. Here, we developed an assay based on laser ablation to directly probe microtubule nucleation events in Xenopus laevis egg extracts. Combining this method with theory and quantitative microscopy, we show that the size of a spindle is controlled by autocatalytic growth of microtubules, driven by microtubule-stimulated microtubule nucleation. The autocatalytic activity of this nucleation system is spatially regulated by the limiting amounts of active microtubule nucleators, which decrease with distance from the chromosomes. This mechanism provides an upper limit to spindle size even when resources are not limiting.
Persistent activity in a recurrent circuit underlies courtship memory in Drosophila
Authors: Zhao Xiaoliang , Lenek Daniela , Dag Ugur , Dickson Barry J , Keleman Krystyna
Published: January 2018

Recurrent connections are thought to be a common feature of the neural circuits that encode memories, but how memories are laid down in such circuits is not fully understood. Here we present evidence that courtship memory in Drosophila relies on the recurrent circuit between mushroom body gamma (MBγ), M6 output, and aSP13 dopaminergic neurons. We demonstrate persistent neuronal activity of aSP13 neurons and show that it transiently potentiates synaptic transmission from MBγ>M6 neurons. M6 neurons in turn provide input to aSP13 neurons, prolonging potentiation of MBγ>M6 synapses over time periods that match short-term memory. These data support a model in which persistent aSP13 activity within a recurrent circuit lays the foundation for a short-term memory.
Evidence that Castanea Dentata Persists on Xeric, Mid-Elevation Sites in the Southern Appalachians
Authors: Mcnab W. Henry
Published: January 2018

Castanea dentata (American chestnut) persists today in the southern Appalachian forests of North Carolina as sparsely occurring sprouting root systems. The introduction of two exotic fungal diseases into North America, root rot (Phytophthora cinnamomi) in the early 1800s and chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) in the early 1900s, eliminated C. dentata as a dominant canopy species. Identifying and understanding the characteristics of sites where C. dentata persists could offer insights for management and restoration. Using a regional forest inventory and analysis (FIA) database, I studied the ecology of C. dentata on 831 forested sample plots in 21 mountainous counties of western North Carolina. The purpose of my study was to determine if the presence of C. dentata was associated with common topographic variables and the co-occurrence of other tree species that could be used in a regression model for evaluation of sites for potential management activities. I found that C. dentata occurred on only 3.5% of the sample plots. Its presence was directly associated with elevation >900 m, positively related to the co-occurring species Quercus prinus (chestnut oak) and Q. rubra (northern red oak), and negatively related to Liriodendron tulipifera (yellow-poplar). Logistic regression revealed poor performance of formulations with multiple significant biological variables (i.e., tree species) because of multicollinearity effects with elevation. Good model performance was achieved with a two-variable formulation using elevation and a weighted averages score derived from direct gradient analysis and ordination of moisture affinities of the 30 tree species in the study plots. An explanation for the effect of elevation on occurrence of C. dentata on sites >900 m is unknown, but the arborescent species scores suggest probable xeric to subxeric plot moisture regimes. Limitations of the FIA data for my study were many including few plots with C. dentata, lack of plot soil characteristics and history of disturbance from fire. Results from my study may have application to rank forest sites for investigation of biological control of C. parasitica through hypovirulence and for identifying stands for application of silvicultural practices to reduce environmental stress and increase survival of existing root systems.
A new small-bodied ornithopod (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from a deep, high-energy Early Cretaceous river of the Australian–Antarctic rift system
Authors: Herne Matthew C. , Tait Alan M. , Weisbecker Vera , Hall Michael , Nair Jay P. , Cleeland Michael , Salisbury Steven W.
Published: January 2018

A new small-bodied ornithopod dinosaur,Diluvicursor pickeringi, gen. et sp. nov., is named from the lower Albian of the Eumeralla Formation in southeastern Australia and helps shed new light on the anatomy and diversity of Gondwanan ornithopods. Comprising an almost complete tail and partial lower right hindlimb, the holotype (NMV P221080) was deposited as a carcass or body-part in a log-filled scour near the base of a deep, high-energy river that incised a faunally rich, substantially forested riverine floodplain within the Australian–Antarctic rift graben. The deposit is termed the ‘Eric the Red West Sandstone.’ The holotype, interpreted as an older juvenile ∼1.2 m in total length, appears to have endured antemortem trauma to the pes. A referred, isolated posterior caudal vertebra (NMV P229456) from the holotype locality, suggestsD. pickeringigrew to at least 2.3 m in length.D. pickeringiis characterised by 10 potential autapomorphies, among which dorsoventrally low neural arches and transversely broad caudal ribs on the anterior-most caudal vertebrae are a visually defining combination of features. These features suggestD. pickeringihad robust anterior caudal musculature and strong locomotor abilities. Another isolated anterior caudal vertebra (NMV P228342) from the same deposit, suggests that the fossil assemblage hosts at least two ornithopod taxa.D. pickeringiand two stratigraphically younger, indeterminate Eumeralla Formation ornithopods from Dinosaur Cove, NMV P185992/P185993 and NMV P186047, are closely related. However, the tail ofD. pickeringiis far shorter than that of NMV P185992/P185993 and its pes more robust than that of NMV P186047. Preliminary cladistic analysis, utilising three existing datasets, failed to resolveD. pickeringibeyond a large polytomy of Ornithopoda. However, qualitative assessment of shared anatomical features suggest that the Eumeralla Formation ornithopods, South AmericanAnabisetia saldiviaiandGasparinisaura cincosaltensis, Afro-Laurasian dryosaurids and possibly AntarcticMorrosaurus antarcticusshare a close phylogenetic progenitor. Future phylogenetic analysis with improved data on Australian ornithopods will help to test these suggested affinities.
Care practices in normal birth: the experience of primiparous women / Práticas de atenção ao parto normal: a experiência de primíparas
Authors: Scarton Juliane , Ressel Lúcia Beatriz , Siqueira Hedi Crecencia Heckler , Rangel Rosiane Filipin , Tolfo Fernando , Weykamp Juliana Marques
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Conhecer as práticas de cuidado desenvolvidas pelos profissionais de enfermagem durante o processo parturitivo na perspectiva de mulheres primíparas. Método: Estudo descritivo e exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido com dez mulheres primíparas, nos meses de fevereiro a abril de 2014. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e analisados pela proposta operativa de Minayo. Este estudo obteve aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, sob CAEE 26452313.8.0000.5346. Resultados: Foram estruturados em três categorias a partir do Guia Prático da Organização Mundial da Saúde com recomendações de práticas seguras no parto normal. Conclusão: Considera-se a necessidade de repensar e reformular práticas de cuidado institucionais que se encontram em desuso e investir em educação continuada e na prática de cuidados que contribuem para evolução fisiológica do parto.
Contribution of obstetric nurse in good practices of childbirth and birth assistance / Contribuição da enfermeira obstétrica nas boas práticas da assistência ao parto e nascimento
Authors: Antunes Ramos Wania Maria , Costa Aguiar Beatriz Gerbassi , Conrad Deise , Pinto Cássio Baptista , Mussumeci Paula Amaral
Published: January 2018

Objetivos: Identificar as boas práticas desenvolvidas pela Enfermeira Obstétrica em uma Maternidade Municipal do Rio de Janeiro e analisar a assistência das Enfermeiras Obstétricas nas Boas Práticas no momento do parto. Método: Estudo documental, que foi realizado em uma maternidade municipal da cidade do Rio de Janeiro no período de janeiro a julho de 2015. O estudo foi encaminhado à Plataforma Brasil e o Parecer liberado com o nº CAAE: 51008015.0.0000.5285. Resultados: Foi constatado que as Enfermeiras Obstétricas ofereceram assistência à 367 parturientes utilizando as boas práticas de forma segura. O estudo demonstrou que o uso das boas práticas tem grande influência na recuperação da fisiologia materna, na adaptação do recém-nascido e redução da anemia na primeira infância. Conclusão: Ocorre a assistência dentro das boas práticas obstétricas no parto e nascimento de forma humanizada e no contexto das evidências científicas como segue as recomendações do Ministério da Saúde.Descritores: Enfermeira Obstétrica, Parto Humanizado, Assistência ao Parto.
Delirium in intensive care: use of the ‘Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit’ by the nurse / Delirium em terapia intensiva: utilização do Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit pelo enfermeiro
Authors: Gomes de Oliveira Tostes Isabel Cristina , Pereira Sandra Regina Maciqueira , De Almeida Luana Ferreira , Dos Santos Manasses Moura
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: compreender o conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre o delirium no paciente crítico e a utilização do Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit. Métodos: Estudo exploratório-descritivo, prospectivo, com abordagem mista. Teve-se como população os enfermeiros de uma unidade de terapia intensiva, a amostra constituiu-se de 16 enfermeiros que aceitaram participar de todas as etapas da pesquisa. Realizou-se um pré e pós-teste aplicando-se o instrumento de coleta de dados constituído de 1 pergunta discursiva e 8 objetivas, para análise usou-se análise e conteúdo e estatística básica. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo comitê de ética em pesquisa do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, sob o parecer de nº1.360.441. Resultados: Num comparativo entre o pré e pós-teste, o grupo se mostrou mais preparado para identificar o delirium e com maior grau de conhecimento acerca da temática. Conclusão: atualização mostrou-se como uma ferramenta de transformação da prática clínica. Destacando-se a importância da educação permanente para garantir a qualidade na assistência de enfermagem. Descritores: Terapia Intensiva, Enfermagem, Transtornos Cognitivos.
Cross cultural adaptation of Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale to the brazilian reality / Adaptação transcultural da Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale à realidade brasileira
Authors: Oliveira Júnior Carlos Roberto , Machado Daniel Rodrigues , Santos Franklin Santana , Da Silva José Vitor , Domingues Elaine Aparecida Rocha
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: realizar a adaptação transcultural da Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale (CL-FODS) – Escala de Medo da Morte de Collett-Lester (EMMCL). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo metodológico e descritivo. A escala de Medo da Morte foi originalmente elaborada nos Estados Unidos da América e validada em diversos contextos culturais. A versão original da CL-FODS está constituída por 28 itens agrupados em quatro dimensões. Essa escala é destinada a avaliação do medo da morte e do morrer. Resultados: Para se adquirir a primeira versão, foi realizada a sua tradução para a língua portuguesa, separadamente, por três peritos em inglês. A primeira versão foi submetida ao corpo de cinco juízes para a “Avaliação das Equivalências Semântica e Idiomática” da qual se obteve a segunda versão, que foi submetida ao segundo grupo de cinco juízes para a “Avaliação das Equivalências Conceitual e Cultural” (terceira versão). A seguir desenvolveu-se o Grupo Focal, no qual a EMMCL foi analisada por representantes da comunidade, de ambos os gêneros, diferentes faixas etárias e graus de escolaridade, estabelecendo-se a quarta versão, que foi submetida à back-translation e enviada ao autor da versão original da escala. Após os ajustes sugeridos por ele, alcançou-se a versão final da EMMCL. Conclusão: De acordo com as etapas metodológicas desenvolvidas, considera-se o presente instrumento devidamente adaptado à cultura brasileira.
Nursing practice in clinical management of breastfeeding: strategies for breastfeeding / Atuação do enfermeiro no manejo clínico da amamentação: estratégias para o aleitamento materno
Authors: Costa Evelyn Farias Gomes da , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Souza Rosangela de Mattos Pereira de , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Santos Márcia Vieira dos , Oliveira Fernanda Lopes de
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: compreender as estratégias de orientação realizada pelos enfermeiros durante o processo do manejo clínico da amamentação. Métodos: trata-se de estudo descritivo-exploratório de natureza qualitativa, cujos participantes foram 10 enfermeiros atuantes no alojamento conjunto do Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, situado no município de Niterói, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A coleta de dados foi realizada durante os meses de janeiro à março de 2013 por intermédio de entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados: na análise de conteúdo emergiram três categorias: O apoio no manejo clínico do aleitamento materno: perspectiva do cuidar; o apoio técnico-prático do manejo clínico da amamentação; e o manejo clínico da amamentação a partir da orientação dos enfermeiros no alojamento conjunto. Conclusão: os enfermeiros possuem o entendimento das estratégias do manejo clínico da amamentação,tais  como ações de apoio à mulher com ênfase na  atenção humanizada e não sistematizada, focando sua assistência na forma de orientações.
Reiki therapy in Family Health Strategy: perceptions of nurses / A terapia do reiki na Estratégia de Saúde da Família: percepção dos enfermeiros
Authors: Freitag Vera Lucia , Andrade Andressa de , Badke Marcio Rossato , Heck Rita Maria , Milbrath Viviane Marten
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: A pesquisa objetivou conhecer os sentimentos vivenciados por enfermeiras que atuam junto a Estratégias de Saúde da Família após receberem aplicação de reiki. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo exploratório. Os sujeitos investigados foram oito enfermeiras atuantes em Estratégias de Saúde da Família do norte do Rio Grande do Sul, submetidas a três sessões de reiki e posteriormente entrevistadas utilizando-se a técnica da entrevista semi-estruturada contendo questões abertas e fechadas. O estudo foi realizado entre os meses de agosto a novembro de 2013. A análise dos resultados considerou a proposta de Bardin. Resultados: Constatou-se que o reiki melhora da qualidade de vida destes profissionais, equilibrando o físico, o mental, o emocional e o espiritual.  Conclusão: Reflete a importância do profissional enfermeiro, dispor desta ferramenta de cuidado para tratar o usuário do serviço, atuando de forma integral.
A Class of Exact Solutions of the Boussinesq Equation for Horizontal and Sloping Aquifers
Authors: Bartlett M. S. , Porporato A.
Published: January 2018

The nonlinear equation of Boussinesq (1877) is a foundational approach for studying groundwater flow through an unconfined aquifer, but solving the full nonlinear version of the Boussinesq equation remains a challenge. Here, we present an exact solution to the full nonlinear Boussinesq equation that not only applies to sloping aquifers but also accounts for source and sink terms such as bedrock seepage, an often significant flux in headwater catchments. This new solution captures the hysteretic relationship (a loop rating curve) between the groundwater flow rate and the water table height, which may be used to provide a more realistic representation of streamflow and groundwater dynamics in hillslopes. In addition, the solution provides an expression where the flow recession varies based on hillslope parameters such as bedrock slope, bedrock seepage, aquifer recharge, plant transpiration, and other factors that vary across landscape types.
A Top‐Down Strategy toward SnSb In‐Plane Nanoconfined 3D N‐Doped Porous Graphene Composite Microspheres for High Performance Na‐Ion Battery Anode
Authors: Qin Jian , Wang Tianshuai , Liu Dongye , Liu Enzuo , Zhao Naiqin , Shi Chunsheng , He Fang , Ma Liying , He Chunnian
Published: January 2018

Engineering of 3D graphene/metal composites with ultrasmall sized metal and robust metal–graphene interfacial interaction for energy storage application is still a challenge and rarely reported. In this work, a facile top‐down strategy is developed for the preparation of SnSb‐in‐plane nanoconfined 3D N‐doped porous graphene networks for sodium ion battery anodes, which are composed of several tens of interconnected empty N‐graphene boxes in‐plane firmly embedded with ultrasmall SnSb nanocrystals. The all‐around encapsulation (plane‐to‐plane contact) architecture that provides a large interface between N‐graphene and SnSb nanocrystal not only effectively enhances the electron conductivity and structural integrity of the overall electrode, but also offers excess interfacial sodium storage, thus leading to much enhanced high‐rate sodium storage capacity and stability, which has been proven by both experimental results and first‐principles simulations. Moreover, this top‐down strategy can enable new paths to the low‐cost and high‐yield synthesis of 3D graphene/metal composites for applications in energy‐related fields and beyond.
Highly Efficient PVDF‐HFP/Colloidal Alumina Composite Separator for High‐Temperature Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ali Shamshad , Tan Chao , Waqas Muhammad , Lv Weiqiang , Wei Zhaohuan , Wu Songhao , Boateng Bismark , Liu Jingna , Ahmed Junaid , Xiong Jie , Goodenough John B. , He Weidong
Published: January 2018

Toward high‐temperature lithium‐ion batteries, adding inorganic materials are proposed as an effective strategy. However, inorganic particles tend to aggregate in the polymer matrix, causing degradation in battery performance. Here, a PVDF‐HFP/colloidal Al2O3 composite separator is prepared with a phase inverse method. The colloidal Al2O3 particles well dispersed in the PVDF‐HFP polymer matrix substantially enhance the mechanical strength of the PVDF‐HFP separator. The PVDF‐HFP/colloidal Al2O3 composite separator owns a high electrolyte uptake of 372%, a high ionic conductivity of 1.3 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 80 °C and delivers high capacity retention of 95.6% after 100 charge–discharge cycles at 0.5 C. In addition, PVDF‐HFP/colloidal Al2O3 separator only has a 4.5% thermal shrinkage at 150 °C and exhibits high electrochemical performances upon annealing at 140 °C.
Visible‐Light‐Promoted Decarboxylative Giese Reactions of α‐Aryl Ethenylphosphonates and the Application in the Synthesis of Fosmidomycin Analogue
Authors: Guo Ting , Zhang Li , Fang Yewen , Jin Xiaoping , Li Yan , Li Ruifeng , Li Xie , Cen Wu , Liu Xiaobo , Tian Zongming
Published: January 2018

An approach for the synthesis of α‐aryl alkylphosphonates based on visible‐light photocatalytic Giese reaction of α‐aryl vinylphosphonates with aliphatic carboxylic acids has been successfully developed. This protocol tolerates a wide range of functional groups and shows broad substrate scope with regard to both the carboxylic acid and vinylphosphonate components. With sequential Giese/hydrolysis reactions as the strategy, the oxo‐phosphonates could be easily accessible. The synthetic application of the hydroformylation reaction was demonstrated by the synthesis of the intermediate of α‐phenyl substituted fosmidomycin analogue. Furthermore, the competitive decarboxylative alkylation of vinylphosphonate and acrylate was also investigated.

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A Heteroarylamine Library: Indium‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Alkoxyheteroarenes with Amines
Authors: Yonekura Kyohei , Yoshimura Yasuhiro , Akehi Mizuri , Tsuchimoto Teruhisa
Published: January 2018

Under indium Lewis acid catalysis, electron‐rich five‐membered heteroaryl electrophiles fused with/without a benzene ring were found to couple with amines to produce heteroarylamines with broad structural diversity. The heteroarylamine formation proceeds through the cleavage of a heteroaryl−OMe bond by the nucleophilic attack of the amine based on the nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reaction. In contrast to the corresponding traditional SNAr amination, the present SNAr‐based heteroaryl amination can be performed without relying on both heteroaryl electrophiles with electron‐withdrawing groups and nucleophilicity‐enhanced metal amides. High compatibility towards the functional groups such as NO2, Br, I, CF3, CN, CO2Et, pyridyl, thiazolyl, C=C, and OH groups was observed, thus showing the practicality and reliability of this method. Mechanistic studies indicated that a carbon−indium bond is likely to be formed on the heteroaryl ring during the process.

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Producer and farm characteristics, type of product, location: Determinants of on‐farm and off‐farm direct sales by farmers
Authors: Corsi Alessandro , Novelli Silvia , Pettenati Giacomo
Published: January 2018

Direct sales are a widespread and important typology of the so‐called alternative food networks. They can take two basic forms: consumers going to buy agricultural products at the farm (on‐farm sales) and farmers selling their products in urban areas. We investigate the territorial distribution of direct sales practices (on‐farm and off‐farm) in Piedmont (Italy) and we assess the main determinants of these choices via probit models, separately for on‐farm and off‐farm sales. The explanatory variables comprise structural characteristics of the farms, type of farming, characteristics of the operators and of their products, and the proximity to urban and commercial areas. The most important factor affecting these choices is the type of farming (TF). The effect of other variables differs according to the TF. Conditional on it, other significant variables are generally farm location, organic farming and, especially for on‐farm direct sales, the complementarity with agro‐tourism and recreational activities. Operators’ and farm characteristics are found to affect the choice of selling directly rather weakly. [EconLit citations: Q13, Q12, R12].
Experimental investigation of the morphology of salt deposits from drying sessile droplets by white‐light interferometry
Authors: Sondej F. , Peglow M. , Bück A. , Tsotsas E.
Published: January 2018

This study presents a new approach to investigate the drying behavior and the structure of deposit resulting from drying of solid containing micro droplets. It is shown that deposit structure (porosity and “footprint”) depends on drying conditions. This dependency may contribute to better understanding of particle‐forming processes, such as fluidized bed coating. In the framework of this study, sessile droplets containing sodium benzoate dissolved in water were dried on thin glass plates in a small drying chamber. The drying conditions (temperature, moisture content and flow rate of drying gas) and material parameters (solid content of solution) were systematically varied. The drying rate of droplets was determined from the moisture balance of the drying gas. The final three‐dimensional shape of dried sessile droplets was measured using white‐light interferometry and transformed into a two‐dimensional profile using a Monte Carlo method. Moreover the mean porosity of dried droplets was calculated. By comparison of structural information and process conditions it is shown that the drying process may have a large influence on deposit structure. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2002–2016, 2018
[18F]AV‐1451 clustering of entorhinal and cortical uptake in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Whitwell Jennifer L. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Tosakulwong Nirubol , Weigand Stephen D. , Machulda Mary , Senjem Matthew L. , Schwarz Christopher G. , Spychalla Anthony J. , Jones David T. , Drubach Daniel A. , Knopman David S. , Boeve Bradley F. , Ertekin‐Taner Nilüfer , Petersen Ronald C. , Lowe Val J. , Jack Clifford R. , Josephs Keith A.
Published: January 2018

Objective

To use a cluster analysis of [18F]AV‐1451 tau‐PET data to determine how subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) vary in the relative involvement of the entorhinal cortex and neocortex, and determine whether relative involvement of these two regions can help explain variability in age and clinical phenotype in AD.

Methods

We calculated [18F]AV‐1451 uptake in entorhinal cortex and neocortex in 62 amyloid‐positive AD patients (39 typical and 23 atypical presentation). tau‐PET (positron emission tomography) values were normalized to the cerebellum to create standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs). tau‐PET SUVRs were log‐transformed and clustered blinded to clinical information into three groups using K‐median cluster analysis. Demographics, clinical phenotype, cognitive performance, and apolipoprotein e4 frequency were compared across clusters.

Results

The cluster analysis identified a cluster with low entorhinal and cortical uptake (ELo/CLo), one with low entorhinal but high cortical uptake (ELo/CHi), and one with high cortical and entorhinal uptake (EHi/CHi). Clinical phenotype differed across clusters, with typical AD most commonly observed in the ELo/CLo and EHi/CHi clusters, and atypical AD most commonly observed in the ELo/CHi cluster. The ELo/CLo cluster had an older age at PET and onset than the other clusters. Apolipoprotein e4 frequency was lower in the ELo/CHi cluster. The EHi/CHi cluster had the worst memory impairment, whereas the ELo/CHi cluster had the worst impairment in nonmemory domains.

Interpretation

This study demonstrates considerable variability in [18F]AV‐1451 tau‐PET uptake in AD, but shows that a straightforward clustering based on entorhinal and cortical uptake maps well onto age and clinical presentation in AD. Ann Neurol 2018 Ann Neurol 2018;83:248–257
Design, synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and DNA interaction studies of binuclear Pt(II) complexes with pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine scaffold
Authors: Lunagariya Miral V. , Thakor Khyati P. , Waghela Bhargav N. , Pathak Chadramani , Patel Mohan N.
Published: January 2018

Substituted pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine ligands were synthesized by cyclization, using 3‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐amine with substituted enones (3‐phenyl‐1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one) in presence of KOH and DMF as solvent to form cyclic aromatic compounds. The substituted pyrazolo[1,5‐a] pyrimidine based binuclear PtII complexes containing neutral tetradentated ligands have general formula [Pt2(5a–5f)Cl4], (where, (5a ‐5f) = pyrazolo[1,5‐a] pyrimidine ligand). This compounds were characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic method like elemental analyses, UV‐Visible, FT‐IR, EDX, TGA, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility measurements, mass spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR method. The square planar geometry was predicted by electronic spectral study. All PtII compounds were evaluated by antimicrobial assay, in vitro brine shrimp assay, in vivo cellular level bioassay using S. Pombe cells and anti‐tuberculosis study. LC50 (50% lethal concentration) values of compounds are observed between 6.450 ‐ 102.07 μg/mL. UV‐vis absorption titration, competitive displacement assay, molecular docking and viscosity measurement were carried out to examine the binding type and binding strength of complexes. The binding studies suggest partial intercalative binding mode of the complexes and the observed binding constant (Kb) values are found in the order of 6d > 6b > 6c > 6a > 6e > 6 f. The anti‐proliferative cytotoxicity of the synthesized PtII complexes (6a‐6f) were tested against the HCT‐116 (Human Colorectal Carcinoma) cancer cell line.
Catalytic activity of nickel(II), copper(II) and oxovanadium(II)‐dihydroindolone complexes towards homogeneous oxidation reactions
Authors: Adam Mohamed Shaker S.
Published: January 2018

Three novel paramagnetic metal complexes (MH2ID) of Ni2+, Cu2+ and VO2+ ions with 3‐hydroxy‐3,3’‐biindoline‐2,2’‐dione (dihydroindolone, H4ID) were synthesized and characterized by different spectroscopic methods. The ligand (H4ID) was synthesized via homocoupling reaction of isatin in presence of phenylalanine in methanol. Complexation of low valent Ni2+, Cu2+ ions and high valent VO2+ ions with H4ID carried out in 1: 2 molar ratios. A comparison in the catalytic potential of paramagnetic complexes of low and high valent metal ion was explored in the oxidation processes of cis‐cyclooctene, benzyl alcohol and thiophene by an aqueous H2O2, as a green terminal oxidant, in the presence and absence of acetonitrile, as an organic solvent, at 85 °C. NiH2ID, CuH2ID and VOH2ID show good catalytic activity, i.e. good chemo‐ and regioselectivity. VOH2ID has the highest catalytic potential compared to both Ni2+‐ and Cu2+‐species in the same homogenous aerobic atmosphere. Catalytic oxidation of other alkenes and alcohols was also studied using NiH2ID, CuH2ID or VOH2ID as a pre‐catalyst by an aqueous H2O2. A mechanistic pathway for those oxidation processes was proposed.
Surface modified SPIONs‐Cr(VI) ions‐immobilized organic‐inorganic hybrid as a magnetically recyclable nanocatalyst for rapid synthesis of polyhydroquinolines under solvent‐free conditions at room temperature
Authors: Maleki Ali , Hamidi Negar , Maleki Saied , Rahimi Jamal
Published: January 2018

In this work, a magnetic hybrid dichromate nanocomposite with triphenylphosphine surface modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as a recyclable nanocatalyst was designed, prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) spectra, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern analysis, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) curves, X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. Then, it was used in a green and efficient procedure for one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives by the condensation of aldehydes, dimedone or 1,3‐cyclohexadione, ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate. This protocol includes some new and exceptional advantages such as short reaction times, low catalyst loading, high yields, solvent‐free and room temperature conditions, easy separation and reusability of the catalyst.
Evidence of convective transport in tropical West Pacific region during SHIVA experiment
Authors: Krysztofiak Gisèle , Catoire Valéry , Hamer Paul D. , Marécal Virginie , Robert Claude , Engel Andreas , Bönisch Harald , Grossmann Katja , Quack Birgit , Atlas Elliot , Pfeilsticker Klaus
Published: January 2018

Air masses in the convective outflows of four large convective systems near Borneo Island in Malaysia were sampled in the height range 11–13 km within the frame of the SHIVA (Stratospheric Ozone: Halogen Impacts in a Varying Atmosphere) FP7 European project in November and December 2011. Correlated enhancements of CO, CH4 and the short‐lived halogen species (CH3I and CHBr3) were detected when the aircraft crossed the anvils of the four systems. These enhancements were interpreted as the fingerprint of vertical transport from the boundary layer by the convective updraft and then horizontal advection in the outflow. For the four observations, the fraction f of air from the boundary layer ranged between 15 and 67%, showing the variability in transport efficiency depending on the dynamics of the convective system.
The empirical test on investment efficiency and influence of equity incentive in supply‐side structural reform: Based on the two‐tier stochastic frontier approach
Authors: Xie Changqian , Li Lun
Published: January 2018

This paper first empirically measured the investment efficiency and the influence of equity incentive on investment efficiency of listed companies in China within supply‐side structural reform based on the two‐tier stochastic frontier approach. The two‐tier stochastic frontier model was combined with the traditional Richardson Model and the data of empirical test were based on the nonfinancial companies, which is listed on Shanghai and Shenzhen A‐Share Markets in the period 2009 to 2015. On the aspect of investment efficiency, the different results were obtained from the overall empirical test, and further tests grouped by property rights, scales, and regions, and the corresponding reasons were analyzed. On the other aspect of influence of equity incentive on investment efficiency, the results showed that the implementation of equity incentive contributed to improve the overinvestment and underinvestment but the effects were not considerable in Chinese listed companies studied in this paper. Last, some suggestions on the problems found during the research were put forward.
A New Fluorogenic Probe for the Detection of endo‐β‐N‐Acetylglucosaminidase
Authors: Ishii Nozomi , Sunaga Chie , Sano Kanae , Huang Chengcheng , Iino Kenta , Matsuzaki Yuji , Suzuki Tadashi , Matsuo Ichiro
Published: January 2018

We developed a fluorescence‐quenching‐based assay system to determine the hydrolysis activity of endo‐β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidases (ENGases). The pentasaccharide derivative 1 was labeled with an N‐methylanthraniloyl group as a reporter dye at the non‐reducing end and with a 2,4‐dinitrophenyl group as a quencher molecule at the reducing end. This derivative is hydrolyzed by ENGase, resulting in an increase in fluorescence intensity. Thus, the fluorescence signal is directly proportional to the amount of the tetrasaccharide derivative, hence allowing ENGase activity to be evaluated easily and quantitatively. Using this system, we succeeded in measuring the hydrolysis activities of ENGases and thus the inhibitory activities of known inhibitors. We confirmed that this assay system is suitable for high‐throughput screening for potential inhibitors of human ENGase that might serve as therapeutic agents for the treatment of N‐glycanase 1 (NGLY1) deficiency.
Postharvest and postmilling changes in wheat grain and flour quality characteristics
Authors: Baik Byung‐Kee , Donelson Tom
Published: January 2018

Background and objectives

Soft red winter (SRW) wheat grain immediately after harvest and flour after milling were stored for 26 weeks and analyzed for comprehensive milling and baking quality characteristics at different time points to examine the consistency of the quality test results.

Findings

Increases in falling number (FN) of grain during postharvest storage were observed for nine of ten varieties, in which FN ranged from 62 to 264 at 2 weeks after harvest and increased by 18–109 during storage for 21 weeks at 23°C. Wheat grain exhibited evident fluctuations in refined flour characteristics during the first 4 weeks of storage and then lesser changes with further storage. The storage time of grain did not significantly influence the milling yield, FN, and water SRC of refined flour. For refined flour during postmilling storage, storage time significantly affected all the flour characteristics, which showed evident fluctuations especially in the first 4 weeks of storage. The refined flour FNs of all four tested varieties increased from 373–405 to 377–417 during the first 8 weeks and then sharply to 427–474 with further storage for 26 weeks. Flour pH decreased slightly for the first 2 weeks after milling, was stable for the next 8 weeks, and then decreased again to 5.74–5.90 at 26 weeks. Small but steady decreases in both lactic acid SRC and SDS sedimentation volume were also observed for refined flour during storage. Postmilling storage induced relatively small changes in the solvent retention capacity and cookie diameter of flour.

Conclusions

Postharvest and postmilling changes must be considered to achieve a reliable determination of the FN of wheat grain and flour, and pH, SDS sedimentation volume, and lactic SRC of flour. A storage time of 4 weeks would reduce the variation in wheat grain and flour quality test results, allowing reliable and reproducible evaluation.

Significance and novelty

The FN of both wheat grain and flour significantly increases during postharvest and postmilling storages. The pH and protein strength of flour show small decreases during postmilling storage with even smaller changes in water retaining capacity and cookie‐baking quality.