bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlling rabies epidemics in Nepal with limited resources: optimal control theory approach
Authors: Pantha Buddhi , Joshi Hem , Vaidya Naveen
Published: December 2020

In many developing countries, including Nepal, rabies epidemics constitute a serious public health concern, partly because of limited resources for proper implementation of control measures. In this study, we develop an extended model by incorporating various controls into the transmission dynamics model with both dog and jackal vectors. We apply the optimal control theory on the developed model system to identify optimal control strategy for mitigating rabies burden in Nepal with limited resources. Among the potential control strategies, human vaccination, dog vaccination, dog culling, dog sterilization, and jackal vaccination, considered in this study, our results show that a combination of dog vaccination and dog culling is the most effective strategy to control rabies in Nepal. Our optimal control solutions provide the strategy for optimal implementation of these controls to suppress rabies prevalence among dogs and jackals of Nepal using a minimum cost associated with controls. We found that given limited resources, implementing controls in a time-dependent manner with a higher level at the beginning of the outbreaks and reducing them during later part of the epidemics can provide maximum benefits.
Valoración de la calidad de los datos arqueológicos a través de la gestión de su vaguedad. Aplicación al estudio del poblamiento tardorromano
Authors: Tobalina-Pulido Leticia , González-Pérez César
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo, que constituye parte de la tesis doctoral de la primera autora, plantea una propuesta de medición de la calidad de los datos arqueológicos a través de la gestión de la vaguedad, concretamente de tres variables: incertidumbre, imprecisión e inexactitud. Si tenemos presente que el dato arqueológico es parcial desde su origen, valorar ese grado de parcialidad debería ser uno de los objetivos desde la obtención de los datos en las intervenciones arqueológicas y durante todo el proceso de investigación, con el objetivo de que nuestros resultados muestren las debilidades y fortalezas de nuestros datos y que los resultados de los análisis posteriores sean lo más honestos posibles con el lector. Aplicaremos la metodología propuesta a un caso de estudio centrado en el análisis de las dinámicas de poblamiento durante la Antigüedad Tardía, valorando la calidad de los datos como fase previa al análisis pero también como parte de los propios cálculos estadísticos.
La traducción de las especies eucarísticas al náhuatl: un episodio de la historia de la traducción en Nueva España
Authors: Figueroa Saavedra Miguel
Published: December 2020

En este estudio de caso sobre el desarrollo de la traducción transcultural en la evangelización, se presentan las estrategias y criterios que emplearon los religiosos católicos para traducir el pan y el vino eucarístico a la población nahuahablante entre los siglos XVI y XIX.
Hipertexto, multivocalidad y multimodalidad para una etnografía sobre los medios de comunicación: la web MEDIOS INDÍGENAS
Authors: Orobitg Gemma , Canals Roger
Published: December 2020

En este texto reflexionamos sobre la etnografía hipertextual y transmedia en términos metodológicos, éticos y teóricos. Nuestro análisis gira alrededor de la web MEDIOS INDÍGENAS, que es parte de un proyecto de investigación colectivo y comparativo sobre los usos efectivos y los sentidos de los medios de comunicación indígenas y afroamericanos en América Latina. A partir de los conceptos de multivocalidad y multimodalidad repensamos y experimentamos con la metodología y la escritura etnográficas. Ambos conceptos tienen la potencialidad de incorporar las nociones de diferencia y jerarquía vinculadas a la idea de una pluralidad en permanente interacción. Efectivamente, el principal reto del proyecto y de la web MEDIOS INDÍGENAS es aprehender las diferencias y la heterogeneidad características de la comunicación indígena y afroamericana sin diluirlas en el momento de la escritura y de la interpretación etnográficas.
Etnografías deslocalizadas. Repensando la comunidad desde la antropología de los medios de comunicación indígena
Authors: Gil García Francisco M.
Published: December 2020

La comunidad siempre constituyó un concepto de primer orden tanto para la reflexión antropológica, como especialmente para el ejercicio de la etnografía: comunidades localizadas, contextualizadas, encapsuladas. Sin embargo, la modernidad ha generado variantes de comunidad que han deslocalizado un concepto a priori objetivo, y lo han convertido en algo relacional a partir de la identificación y el sentimiento de pertenencia. Este trabajo revisa el concepto de comunidad en el marco de una antropología de los medios de comunicación indígenas, planteando un juego metodológico entre lo local y lo global, lo heterogéneo y lo homogéneo, lo alternativo y lo hegemónico. Un juego que constituye un reto para la práctica de una etnografía deslocalizada y más bien centrada en comunidades de oyentes y en paisajes mediáticos
El sentir wao. La emocionalidad como demarcador étnico entre los waorani
Authors: Paniagua Blanc Fernando
Published: December 2020

Entre los waorani, un pequeño pueblo del nordeste ecuatoriano, existe una doble comprensión de lo que implica serlo. Por un lado, la condición de waorani refiere una posición dinámica y hasta cierto punto flexible dentro del conjunto global de los seres reconocidos por ellos mismos. Sin embargo, algunos comportamientos emocionales que se desarrollan en situaciones que se podrían calificar de extremas actúan como una barrera ontológica en torno a la cual se establece una separación rígida y fija entre el ser humano (waorani) y el no ser humano (cowori). Esta frontera no se sostiene únicamente en un entendimiento emocional compartido, sino que se establece fundamentalmente en base a una implicación empática y participada únicamente por los waorani y, por ende, vedada a los no waorani.
Evaluation of Non-invasive Scores Before and After Direct-acting Antiviral Treatment in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Hamidi Aziz Ahmad , Kuru Cüneyt
Published: December 2020

The sustained virological response is achieved in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection using direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. However, it is not known whether there is a decrease in liver fibrosis level. Non-invasive serum scores are successful in determining the level of liver fibrosis before treatment. There are no adequate studies in the literature about the use of these scores after treatment. This study aimed to determine the change in inflammation and fibrosis levels after treatment by using non-invasive scores. Adult patients who applied to the Karabuk University Training and Research Hospital between January 2019 and January 2020 and used DAA treatment were included in the study. Clinical and laboratory findings of the cases were recorded retrospectively from the hospital information system. Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-platelet ratio index (APRI), γ glutamate transpeptidase-platelet ratio (GPR) and AST / ALT ratio scores were calculated before and after (24th week) treatment. Forty-two patients with a mean age of 56.4 were evaluated. 52% of these patients were women. All patients developed a sustained virological response. Genotype 1b was the most common (67 %). The most commonly used treatment regimen (60 %) was paritaprevir + ritonavir + ombitasvir + dasabuvir. After treatment compared to pretreatment, mean AST value decreased from 24.69 to 20.67, mean ALT value decreased from 20.57 to 15.31 and APRI from 0.33 to 0.29 (p=0.01; p=0.03; p=0.01, respectively). Although not statistically significant, FIB-4 was low after treatment. In conclusion, the use of non-invasive serum biomarker scores may be useful in the follow-up of chronic hepatitis C cases using DAA treatment.
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Palm Kernel Oils Extracted from Varieties Dura and Tenera of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and the Relationship to Their Chemical Composition
Authors: Yapi Paulin A. , Kouadio Irène A.
Published: December 2020

The investigation of the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of palm kernel oils extracted from varieties Dura (oil D) and Tenera (oil T) of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and the relationship to their chemical composition were carried out in this study. The results obtained show that oil D had the greatest antimicrobial activity. The analysis of gas chromatographic coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that this oil D contained in addition to the lauric acid, the undecylenic acid which both possess antimicrobial activity. This undecylenic acid was not identified in oil T. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and the Fe3+ reduction test (FRAP) used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the palm kernel oils had showed that oil T had the greatest antioxidant activity with a concentration inhibiting 50% of the reaction (IC50%) of 750 mg/L. It was also noted that, this oil T had also the highest contents in polyphenols, α-tocopherol and sterols with predominance of β-sitosterol. Moreover, the β-sitosterol is known to possess a regulatory role of the immune system.The findings of this study provide thus, useful information which may help customers to make the best choice in the consumption of these oils.
Outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in relation to prehospital care services in Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz: A prospective study
Authors: Abdul Aziz Azizul Hafiz bin , Nik Muhamad Nik Azlan
Published: December 2020

Background: The role of prehospital care (PHC) services in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is well established in developed countries. The American Heart Association has defined PHC as the ‘chain of survival’ between public and advanced medical care. For developing countries such as Malaysia, the importance of PHC services in OHCA is evolving; however, data are lacking. Objective: This study aimed to investigate OHCA outcomes in relation to PHC services in Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Method: This was a prospective study conducted on OHCA cases attended by the PHC staff of Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz. Independent variables were patient background, OHCA nature, and PHC interventions, while dependent variables were patient outcomes. Results: A total of 82 OHCA cases were identified. The survival rate to admission was 12.2% (n = 10), while the survival rate to discharge was 1.2% (n = 1) with cerebral performance categories of 1 or 2. The mean ambulance response time was 14.91 min. Among the variables, only OHCA location and adrenaline administration show significant association with OHCA outcome. OHCA location was significant in both outcomes (admission χ2(4) = 16.354, p < 0.03, Cramer's V = 0.447, discharge χ2(4) = 19.741, p < 0.001, Cramer's V = 0.491). However, adrenaline administration was significant only for survival to admission (χ2(1) = 3.776, p < 0.052, Cramer's V = 0.215) but not for survival to discharge (χ2(1) = 0.964, p < 0.326). Conclusion: Improvement in ambulance response time, public availability of automated external defibrillator, and public awareness of early cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation are required to increase the survivability of OHCA in developing countries.
Nicaragua restituyendo los derechos del pueblo. Escenario oportuno para el Trabajo Social
Authors: López García Ramón Ignacio
Published: December 2020

El presente ensayo se ha elaborado con la intensión de resaltar la importancia y los aportes del Trabajo Social como disciplina de formación profesional en la aplicación de las políticas sociales de Nicaragua. Para ello, se rescata una breve determinación de las características de la política social ejecutada por los gobiernos más recientes en el país, enfatizando en la relación existente entre política social y el Trabajo Social como ente canalizador de las necesidades de la población. En esa dinámica, se desarrollan pistas del marco histórico, tanto de Nicaragua, la disciplina como medio público y la aplicación de la política social como medio de desarrollo. Se concluye que los esfuerzos realizados por el Gobierno de Reconciliación y Unidad Nacional, en estos años, a través de los programas emblemáticos sociales y solidarios han tenido un impacto fundamental en la calidad de vida de los nicaragüenses, donde los profesionales de Trabajo Social como servidores públicos se encuentran aportando significativamente.
Native isolates and the effect of aviary litter on the pathogenicity and virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Fernandes Thiago Augusto Paes , Marcomini Matheus Corseti ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Ferreira Fabio Pinhatari ,   Autônomo, Guide Bruna Aparecida ,   Faculdade Pitágoras, Alves Viviane Sandra ,   Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Neves Pedro Manoel Oliveira Janeiro ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina
Published: December 2020

Objetivou-se selecionar isolados nativos de nematoides entomopatogênicos (NEPs) e avaliar o efeito da cama de aviário na sua patogenicidade e virulência, visando o controle do cascudinho de aviário. Foram utilizados 18 isolados (Steinernema e Heterorhabditis) no teste de seleção e os três isolados mais virulentos foram utilizados no teste de concentrações (10, 20, 40, 50 juvenis infectantes (JIs)/cm²). O efeito da cama de aviário (nova e velha) foi avaliado sobre S. feltiae (IBCB-n 47), S. carpocapse (IBCB-n 02), H. bacteriophora e H. amazonensis (UEL 08). Os experimentos foram realizados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os dados do teste de seleção e efeito da cama foram submetidos ao teste de médias Scott-Knott (P?0,05) e, do teste de concentrações à análise de regressão. Observou-se no teste de seleção para adultos, que os três isolados mais virulentos foram Heterorhabditis amazonensis (UEL 07), H. amazonensis (RSC 05) e Steinernema carpocapsae (IBCB-n 02) com 76,5; 73,5; 70% mortalidade respectivamente. Para larvas, Heterorhabditis sp. (NEPETT 11), S. feltiae (IBCB-n 47), H. amazonensis. (UEL 07) foram os mais virulentos e causaram 100; 96; 93,7% de mortalidade respectivamente. No teste de concentrações, a maior mortalidade em adultos (98%) e larvas (98%) foi observada para S. feltiae nas concentrações de 30 JIs/cm² e 50JIs/cm² respectivamente. Com relação ao efeito da cama de aviário, observou-se que S. feltiae (IBCB-n 47) e S. carpocapse (IBCB-n 02) causaram as maiores mortalidade tanto em cama nova (60,7 e 58,7%) quanto em cama velha (80 e 74,7%) respectivamente.
Influence of dry and wet beef maturation on the microbiological quality and safety
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Ribeiro Júnior José Carlos , Santos Isac Gabriel Cunha dos ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Dias Bianca Pereira ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Augusto Wescley Faccini ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Rodrigues Ézio Machado ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Miotto Fabrícia Rocha Chaves ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins
Published: December 2020

The most used methods for the maturation process are vacuum (wet-aged) and dry (dry-aged), which can influence the microbiological quality and safety of meat for consumption. In this study, we aimed to verify the differences in microbiological quality between beef (Longissimus dorsi) that was wet-aged and dry-aged for 30 days, by quantification of indicator microorganism groups and molecular identification of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. This study verified that the meat matured by the dry-aged method showed significantly lower counts of total coliforms, aerobic mesophiles, psychrotrophs, and molds and yeasts as compared to wet-aged meat. While the Salmonella spp. was not isolated in any beef sample, L. monocytogenes and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) were isolated only from wet-aged beef. Thus, it was concluded that the superficial dehydration of the meat during dry-aged maturation, if carried out correctly and hygienically, confers higher microbiological quality and can reduce the occurrence of microbiological hazards.
Effect of the application of probiotic strains of Enterococcus faecium on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of coalho cheese
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Machado Tatiane de Oliveira Xavier , Mesquita Roberta Verônica dos Santos Carvalho ,   Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Sillva Vanicleia Oliveira da ,   Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Araújo Micaele Bagagi ,   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sertão Pernambucano, Oliveira Anay Priscilla David de ,   Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Souza Jane Viana de ,   Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Lima Marcos dos Santos ,   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sertão Pernambucano, Dias Francesca Silva ,   Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Peixoto Rodolfo de Moraes ,   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sertão Pernambucano
Published: December 2020

Coalho cheese is a typical Northeastern Brazilian food whose production and consumption has expanded considerably to other regions of the country. Despite its cultural and socioeconomic relevance, coalho cheese still has a negative reputation due to problems in its physicochemical and microbiological quality standards, especially when it is produced artisanally. For this reason, many researchers have been looking for alternatives to improve the quality and the notoriety of this product, such as the application of probiotic strains to inhibit pathogens. However, in addition to the research related to the desired probiotic properties and the safety of strains for food application, it is important to know the possible changes in the food matrix caused by this intervention. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of probiotic strains of Enterococcus faecium on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of coalho cheese. The cheeses were made with pasteurized cow milk and probiotic strains of E. faecium were added during production. Cheeses were also made without adding the strains, and considered as control cheeses. The final products were evaluated for moisture, pH, titratable acidity, total carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, ash, color, organic acid profile, and sensory attributes. In addition, viable lactic acid bacteria were also assessed. Coalho cheeses containing E. faecium showed higher titratable acidity and lower pH. In addition, there was a reduction in the carbohydrate content, which was attributed to lactose degradation. The organic acid profile also varied, as highlighted by the increase in the concentration of lactic acid by a factor of 3.5, and by the absence of citric acid as a possible result of the metabolism of E. faecium in the production of aromatic compounds. There was no variation in the color or sensory acceptance of the cheeses. Therefore, the application of probiotic strains of E. faecium in coalho cheese production changes some physicochemical characteristics while maintaining essential properties, such as the color and sensory acceptability of the final product.
Prostaglandin F2? as ovulatory stimulus in dairy cows and buffaloes raised in the Amazon biome
Authors:   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Pfeifer Luiz Francisco , Castro Natália ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pereira Jamyle ,   Universidade Federal do Acre, Schneider Augusto ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas
Published: December 2020

This study evaluated the effect of a prostaglandin F2? (PGF) analogue as an ovulatory stimulus in dairy cows and buffaloes raised in the Amazon biome. To this end, three experiments were performed in the state of Rondônia, located in the Amazon biome. In Experiment 1, 22 lactating dairy buffaloes received 2 mg of intramuscular (I.M.) estradiol benzoate (EB) on day 0 and an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device (CIDR) from day 0 to day 9 of the protocol. On days 8 and 9, all cows were given 500 ?g of I.M. d-cloprostenol (PGF analogue). On day 10, buffaloes were divided into two groups to receive 500 ?g of PGF (PGF group, n = 8) or no treatment (CTL group, n = 14), respectively. In Experiment 2, 16 lactating crossbred dairy cows (Holstein x Gir) received 2 mg of EB on day 0 and a CIDR insert from day 0 to day 8. On days 7 and 8, all cows were given 500 ?g of d-cloprostenol. On day 9, cows were divided into two groups to receive 500 ?g of d-cloprostenol (PGF group, n = 8) or no treatment (CTL group, n = 8), respectively. In Experiment 3, 16 lactating crossbred dairy cows (Holstein x Gir) were handled and treated similarly as in Experiment 2, although cows did not receive d-cloprostenol on day 8. Single-point outcome variables were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), while proportions with dichotomous outcomes were analyzed with the chi-square test. In Experiment 1, there was no difference (P = 0.30) in the ovulation rate between groups, and, on average, 68% of the buffaloes ovulated. Moreover, the treatment did not affect the interval to ovulation (P = 0.61) nor the diameter of the preovulatory follicle (P = 0.47). As for Experiment 2, only one cow, from the PG group, did not ovulate. There were no differences between the CTL and PG groups (P = 0.69) in the moment of ovulation, which occurred in average 82 h after CIDR removal. Finally, in Experiment 3, cows treated with PGF ovulated earlier than those in the CTL group (62.5 ± 5.8 and 94.5 ± 13.5 h, respectively; P = 0.05). Collectively, these results suggest that PGF hastens ovulation in lactating dairy cows, whereas no effect was observed in dairy buffaloes.
Soroepidemiological survey of chlamydia abortus infection in bovine in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors:   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Silva Neto Adalberto Leite da , Silva Bruno Pajeú e ,   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Lúcio Érica Chaves ,   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Nascimento Sérgio Alves do ,   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Pinheiro Júnior José Wilton ,   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study was to conduct a seroepidemiological survey of Chlamydia abortus infection in dairy cattle herds. A total of 303 blood serum samples were collected from 24 property in Vale do Ipanema microregion in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. For the diagnosis of C. abortus infection, a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit (ELISA) was used. A prevalence of 34.0% (103/303; 95% CI: 28.7%-39.7%) of infected animals was identified. In 79.8% (19/24) of the properties, at least one infected animal was detected. The risk factors identified were: semi-intensive system (OR = 3.47, p ≤ 0.000), extensive system (OR = 8.14; p ≤ 0.000), supply of water in troughs and directly at the fountain (OR = 2.29, p = 0.002), pasture rent (OR = 1.72, p = 0.041), use of artificial insemination (AI) (OR = 3.07, p = 0.002), and use of AI associated with natural mount (OR = 2.22, p = 0.003). The occurrence of C. abortus infection in dairy cattle in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, was recorded for the first time. It is concluded that the infection by this agent is present in the analyzed herds and that hygienic and sanitary management measures based on the identified risk factors should be implemented to avoid reproductive losses and losses to the producers.
Antimicrobial effect of bothropstoxin-i in broilers
Authors:   Instituto Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Silveira Ana Carolina Portella , Gimenes Sarah Natalie Cirilo ,   Instituto Butantan, Barbaresco Luiz Fernando ,   Faculdade Pitágoras, Carvalho Camila Perdoncini ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Bueno João Paulo Rodrigues ,   Centro Universitário do Triângulo, Guimarães Ednaldo Carvalho ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Freitas Paulo Fernando Alves de ,   Yes Nutrition, Nascimento Mara Regina Bueno de Mattos ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Antunes Robson Carlos ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Ávila Veridiana de Melo Rodrigues ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
Published: December 2020

Bacterial resistance is a sanitary issue explained by indiscriminate use of nonprescription drugs, and antimicrobial use in food production for growth promotion. Bothropstoxin-I (BthTx-I) is a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from Bothrops jararacussu venom, which has a known antimicrobial effect. The goal of this study was the unprecedented evaluation of in vivo antimicrobial activity of BthTx-I in broilers. Microbiological, biochemical, and histological parameters were determined using 84 21-day old broilers that were kept in cages with four birds each at a density of 625 cm2/broiler. The experiment was randomized by three treatments with seven repetitions of four broilers each that lasted seven days. The treatments were: 1) bacitracin zinc diet; 2) PLA2-BthTx-I; 3) without additives. The data obtained from the studied variables was subjected to analysis of variance and an F-test at the 5% significance level. Averages of each variable in each treatment were compared by Tukey’s test. Broiler bacterial cloacal counts showed that BthTx-I decreased the microbial population without reducing body weight, intestinal morphology, or liver or kidney histopathological damage. The toxin showed in vivo activity, being an alternative for better performance in the production of broiler chickens, because it acted by decreasing the microbial load of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal microbiota of the birds and did not cause muscle, liver or kidney damage at the assessed dosage.
The effects of tryptophan and pyridoxine supplied orally to nursing piglets on weight loss and social behavior after weaning
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Bonagurio Lucas Pimentel , Castilha Leandro Dalcin ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Pasquetti Tiago Junior ,   Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, Sangali Cleiton Pagliari ,   Centro Universitário Grupo Integrado de Campo Mourão, Huepa Laura Marcela Dias ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Pozza Paulo Cesar ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá
Published: December 2020

This study evaluated the effect of oral supplementation with tryptophan (Trp) and pyridoxine (Pyr) on the growth performance and social behavior of suckling piglets before and after weaning. At day 14, six suckling piglets per sow were distributed into three treatments and allotted in a randomized block design, with eight replicates and two piglets per experimental unit. Treatments consisted of a Control - oral supplementation with L-alanine (1.70 g), D-glucose (1.74 g) and distilled water (3.44 mL); Trp - oral supplementation with Trp (3.5 g/d) and distilled water; and Trp + Pyr - oral supplementation with Trp (3.5 g/d) + Pyr (0.0095 g/d) and distilled water. Each treatment was supplied orally five times per day (2.5 mL each treatment), from 14 to 21 days old. Piglets were monitored continuously in the nursing phase for 24 h at 21, 28 and 33 days of age to assess the behavior (standing, lying, eating, socializing, sitting and drinking). Piglets receiving oral Trp + Pyr showed a decreased weight loss on the first day after weaning (P = 0.03). Performance was not affected (P > 0.05) by treatments in each studied period, such as in overall period (21 to 34 days) after weaning. Piglets receiving Trp supplementation visited the feeders more frequently from days 21 to 22 (P < 0.01) and from days 28 to 29 (P < 0.02), as well as in the overall period (P < 0.01). It is concluded that high doses of tryptophan with or without high doses of pyridoxine, supplied orally to nursing piglets, reduced the weight loss on the first day after weaning and increased the frequency of visits to the drinkers on the first day after weaning and also to the feeders, mainly from weaning until 7 days after.
Effect of glyphosate drift on marandu grass
Authors:   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Rondônia, Codognoto Luciane da Cunha , Conde Thassiane Telles ,   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Rondônia, Amorim Glaucia Faria ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Maltoni Katia Luciene ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho
Published: December 2020

Glyphosate drift in plants that are not resistant to the herbicide molecule can result in stimulation to certain biological features, characterizing the phenomenon of hormesis. On this basis, productive and chemical traits were evaluated in marandu grass, in a simulation of the drift effect, using sublethal doses of the herbicide glyphosate. The experiment was in laid out in a randomized-block design with split plots in time, in four replicates. The effect of sublethal doses of glyphosate acid equivalent (a.e.) (21.60, 43.20, 64.80, 86.40 and 108.00 g ha-1) and control was evaluated in the plots; and the effect of harvesting at 92, 113, 134 and 155 days after sowing (DAS) the grass was evaluated in the subplots. The Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu was collected at a height of 0.20 m, at a defoliation interval of 21 days, to estimate production and chemical traits, in experimental plots with a usable area of 7.5 m2. Leaf: stem ratio was influenced by the interaction between the evaluated factors (dose and harvest). Dose fitted a second-order polynomial model, with a hormesis effect of 21.60 to 76.50 g ha-1 of glyphosate a.e. Harvesting at 134 DAS differed significantly from 92 DAS. The forage yield showed a linear response inversely proportional to the increasing glyphosate doses. There was a polynomial increase in leaf phosphorus content, characterizing hormesis up to the sublethal dose of 72.50 g a.e. ha-1. Harvest influenced the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin and leaf phosphorus contents.
Economic viability of implementing an infrastructure for recycling bedding sand from a free-stall facility for dairy cows
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lopes Marcos Aurélio , Demeu Fabiana Alves ,   Instituto Federal de Rondônia, Reis Eduardo Mitke Brandão ,   Universidade Federal do Acre, Lima André Luis Ribeiro ,   Universidade Federal de Lavras, Carvalho Francisva lde Melo ,   Universidade Federal de Lavras, Palhares Julio Cesar Pascale ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Costa Geraldo Márcio da ,   Universidade Federal de Lavras, Pinheiro Marcelo Vinícius Gontijo ,   Autônomo, Demeu Andréia Alves ,   Autônoma
Published: December 2020

This study proposes to examine the economic viability of implementing the necessary infrastructure for the recycling of bedding sand from a free-stall facility in a milk production system in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. In specific terms, the total production cost (TC), total operating cost (TOC) and effective operating cost (EOC) of a cubic meter of recycled sand were estimated in order to estimate the total sand consumption for the free-stall system and per bed year-1 as well as the equilibrium point of the amount of recycled sand, in cubic meters. The experiment was carried out on a farm located in the south of Minas Gerais from January 2016 to December 2017. Three scenarios were analyzed by the tree-point estimation method (MOP - most likely, optimistic, and pessimistic). Utilization of 85%, 95% and 75% of the recycled sand was considered for scenarios 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In all of them, the value charged per cubic meter of sand by a supplier close to the farm was considered. Monte Carlo simulation was also carried out with hurdle rates (HR) of up to 90%. Under the studied conditions, sand recycling showed to be economically viable in all scenarios, with positive net present values (NPV), internal rates of return above the HR, simple and discounted payback below the 10-year horizon, and satisfactory cost benefit-1 ratios (greater than 1). The EOC of one cubic meter of recycled sand was estimated at R$5.04, R$4.51 and R$5.72 for scenarios 1, 2 and 3, respectively, whereas the average TC, considering all scenarios, was R$6.84 (+0.81), which is less than the acquisition price of R$28.57 at the sand extraction site. The TC was R$37,219.51 and R$34,637.74 for the scenarios with HR of 8.50 and 6.99%, respectively, whereas TOC was R$22,572.08 in all analyzed scenarios. The estimated total annual sand consumption by the free-stall system was 526.44 m³, with an estimated average of 1.23 m³ (+0.28) bed-1 year-1. All Monte Carlo simulation models showed positive NPV as well as HR of up to 90%, which reflect a high probability of positive NPV.
Physiological potential of corn seeds treated with different dosages of molybdenum and potassium
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Gomes Gisely Paula , Queiroz Robison Alesandro de ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Takahashi Lúcia Sadayo Assari ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina
Published: December 2020

Corn is important in agriculture for its dual is uses as food and animal feed. The use of quality seeds is fundamental for outcomes in the field. The treatment of seeds with molybdenum may increase the productive capacity and uniformity of the corn. For this to work, the amount applied to the seeds must be adequate to promote development and increase the final crop production. Thus, the objective of this work was to verify the effects of molybdenum and potassium application on the germination and vigor of corn seeds. The physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated by germination, first count, seedling length (shoot and root), seedling dry matter mass, emergence, and the cold test. Six treatments (T1–T6) were performed, with T1 free of molybdenum and potassium and the others with varying dosages. The seeds were treated with a commercial product that containing molybdenum and potassium. The design was completely randomized, with four replications and six treatments. Smaller doses of molybdenum resulted in a higher percentage of normal seedlings. Based on the length and dry mass of the seedlings, it was verified that maize seeds were negatively impacted by increasing doses of molybdenum and potassium. In the emergence tests in sand, treatments T5 and T6 presented a greater number of seedlings. The physiological quality of corn seeds was not significantly influenced by the application of molybdenum and potassium in the first count and germination results in the cold and germination tests.
Awareness and Application of Existing Agroecological Practices by Small Holder Farmers in Mvomero and Masasi Districts-Tanzania
Authors: Constantine John , Sibuga Kallunde P. , Shitindi Mawazo J. , Hilberk Angelika
Published: December 2020

A survey study was conducted to assess the level of awareness and application of existing agro-ecological practices by small holder farmers in Mvomero and Masasi districts in Tanzania. The selection of farmers to interview and the villages in the respective districts was based on their long history of producing cassava and maize. A structured questionnaire was used to identify the type of agro-ecological practices, agricultural information sources accessed by farmers, training on agro-ecological practices, type of crops grown in the study areas and kind of livestock kept. Results indicated that the most applied agro-ecological practices were diversification (80.5%), the use of farmer saved seeds (78.2%) followed by intercropping (72.9%) and lastly, agro-forestry (3.2%). The highest percentage of farmers (30.4%) reported to receive information on ecological organic agriculture from non-governmental organisations (NGOs) (SAT, SWISS AID), 27.5% were using own farming experience, 21% reported to receive the information from government extension officers, 13% from friends or neighbours, 4.3% from government institutions (SUA, Agricultural Training Institutes) and 3.6% received information from agricultural input suppliers. Generally, 50% of farmers had received training on agroecological practices indicating the level of awareness. Lack of knowledge among farmers was one of the key factors that hamper the wide application of agroecological practices. There was a need for farmer’s capacity building through training to enhance wider application of agroecological practices hence progressive agricultural production increase.
Strateški ciljevi gospodarenja urbanim šumama grada Zagreba
Authors: Posavec Stjepan , Tikvić Ivica , Dramalija Damir , Šimpraga Sergej , Kuzle Izabela
Published: December 2020

Urbane su šume ključna područja za očuvanje prirodne i kulturne baštine u gradovima, važnih turističkih lokacija i rekreacijskih površina te za osiguranje visoke razine kakvoće života. Svojim obilježjima urbane šume privlače mnoge korisnike, ali također okupljaju i brojne dionike (upravitelje, vlasnike, interesne skupine) kojima je cilj upravljanje aktivnostima u njima. Urbane su šume stoga prostor različitih djelovanja, koja mogu dovesti do sukoba među korisnicima i dionicima, ali i do i neodrživoga korištenja resursa. U nekim gradovima prisutna je i iznimna fragmentacija posjeda, što otežava gospodarenje. Urbane šume grada Zagreba pokrivaju 395,08 ha, najviše u sjevernom dijelu grada, na obroncima Medvednice. Stalno proširenje i urbanizacija naselja u blizini tih šuma stvara dodatni pritisak i smanjuje površinu pod šumom. Urbane su šume i sastavni dio zelenih površina grada Zagreba te privlače i građane i turiste. Gospodarenje njima zahtijeva posebnu pažnju, s naglaskom na općekorisne funkcije šuma i njihove koristi za zajednicu. U sklopu provedbe projekta URBforDan (Management and Utilization of Urban Forests as Natural Heritage in Danube Cities) izrađene su smjernice integralnoga upravljanja urbanom šumom na primjeru park-šume Grmoščica. Vrednovane su usluge ekosustava, predloženi strateški ciljevi i izrađen operativni plan provedbe obnove toga lokaliteta.
Istraživanja strukture sastojine u šumama hrasta crnike (Quercus ilex L.) na pokusnim plohama u Hrvatskoj
Authors: Barčić Damir , Dubravac Tomislav , Ančić Mario , Španjol Željko , Ćurić Petar
Published: December 2020

Uloga šuma hrasta crnike nije primarno gospodarska, iako djelomično može biti (ogrjevno drvo, biomasa), ali danas u okolnostima klimatskih promjena izraženija je njihova ekološka i socijalna uloga, posebno zato što prevladavaju šume niskoga uzgojnoga oblika (panjače). Površina uređajnoga razreda panjača hrasta crnike u Republici Hrvatskoj iznosi 21 216,63 ha, od toga je 8351,79 ha u redovitom gospodarenju poduzeća Hrvatske šume d.o.o. Površina od 12 740,18 ha nalazi se u šumoposjedničkim šumama. Zajedničko je obilježje panjača hrasta crnike izostanak bilo kakvih uzgojnih radova u mladosti i tijekom njihova razvoja, premda su u panjačama propisani šumskouzgojni radovi na čišćenju i prorjeđivanju te na obnovi. Budući da su prepuštene spontanu razvoju, razvio se čitav spektar, od onih najkvalitetnijih s relativno visokom drvnom zalihom dobro sklopljenih i suvislo obraslih sastojina pa do onih nekvalitetnih, razbijena sklopa, sa sitnim i kvalitetno lošim stablima male drvne zalihe. Istraživanjem su obuhvaćene samo plohe u okviru međunarodnoga projekta »Man and Biosphere« – MAB (Čovjek i biosfera), plohe Šumarskoga fakulteta te plohe Hrvatskoga šumarskoga instituta. Strukturna istraživanja radila su se u crnikovim šumama i uspoređivana su na trajnim pokusnim plohama s otoka Raba, Brijuna i otoka Mljeta (TPP br. 36, br. 56 i 57, br. 37). Na trajnim pokusnim plohama izoliranima od antropogenoga utjecaja u tijeku su progresivni sukcescijski procesi, iako je zabilježen intenzivan utjecaj divljači na Rabu i na Cresu, što će uvjetovati problem obnove. Sastojine poprimaju izgled jednodobne sastojine, stabilne su i buduća istraživanja trebala bi pratiti daljnju dinamiku razvoja sastojine. Eventualni poremećaji mogli bi biti izazvani ponajviše požarom.
Fútbol, ​​política e historia en Brasil: análisis de un manifiesto de hinchas antifascistas
Authors: Lopes Felipe Tavares Paes , Prioli Cordeiro Mariana
Published: December 2020

Este artículo aborda las relaciones entre fútbol, política y memoria histórica en Brasil, centrándose en las manifestaciones de colectivos de hinchas contra la celebración de la perpetración del golpe de 1964 que dio lugar a una dictadura civil-militar que se mantuvo hasta 1985. El objetivo del presente artículo es comprender cómo los discursos vehiculados en un manifiesto firmado por diferentes colectivos de hinchas deslegitiman la dictadura, sus agentes y los discursos que los apoyan. Para alcanzar este objetivo, desarrollamos un análisis de discurso de base construccionista, del cual se concluye, entre otras cosas, que el manifiesto busca legitimarse a sí mismo, presentando fuentes consideradas fiables por los autores. También mostramos que se emplea una narrativa melodramática, que caracteriza a los agentes de la dictadura como villanos y a sus pacientes, como víctimas. Además, mostramos que alude a algunos aspectos de las teorías de la manipulación, que sugieren que el deporte sirve como opio del pueblo.
A concise review on lipidomics analysis in biological samples
Authors: Mullangi Ramesh , Addepalli Ramani
Published: December 2020

Lipids are a complex and critical heterogeneous molecular entity, playing an intricate and key role in understanding biological activities and disease processes. Lipidomics aims to quantitatively define the lipid classes, including their molecular species. The analysis of the biological tissues and fluids are challenging due to the extreme sample complexity and occurrence of the molecular species as isomers or isobars. This review documents the overview of lipidomics workflow, beginning from the approaches of sample preparation, various analytical techniques and emphasizing the state-of-the-art mass spectrometry either by shotgun or coupled with liquid chromatography. We have considered the latest ion mobility spectroscopy technologies to deal with the vast number of structural isomers, different imaging techniques. All these techniques have their pitfalls and we have discussed how to circumvent them after reviewing the power of each technique with examples.
Similar effectiveness of Fomukal and Caphosol
in oral mucositis treatment after allogeneic
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Markiewicz Mirosław , Dzierżak-Mietła Monika , Gaj Magdalena , Warzybok Katarzyna , Burdacki Adrian , Mizia Sylwia
Published: December 2020

Objective: Oral mucositis occurs in 75% to 100% of allogeneic HSCT recipients can cause pain, facilitate
infections, delay discharge, and threaten life. The aim of the study was to evaluate prophylaxis
with the remineralizing mouthwash solution of supersaturated calcium phosphate rinse
(SCPR) with Fomukal on measures of severity of mucositis and consequent interventions and
complications, in comparison to Caphosol, already evaluated post-transplant.
Materials/Methods: In this prospective, randomized, non-inferiority trial, 46 patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT
were equally randomized to Fomukal or Caphosol, each administered four times daily from
initiation of conditioning until the granulocyte count ≥0.2 G/L. Hematologist measured the
daily severity of mucositis according to a WHO scale and patients self-assessed its symptoms.
Need for analgesics, anti-infectious drugs, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and incidence of
complications were also assessed.
Results: Fomukal vs. Caphosol groups had the same all following indicators: median measures of WHO
oral mucositis reduction (0 vs. 2; P = NS), length of disease course (0 vs. 6 days; P = NS), peak and
mean mouth (1 vs. 2; P = NS and 0.06 vs. 1; P = NS) and throat pain (1 vs. 1; P = NS and 0.22 vs.
0.31; P = NS), and peak and mean swallowing problems (1 vs. 1; P = NS and 0.19 vs. 0.25; P = NS).
Analgesics need (7 vs. 10 patients; 0 vs. 0 days; P = NS) and the need for antifungals (1 vs. 2 drugs;
P = NS) were not different, while the need for antibiotics and antivirals (3.5 vs. 5 drugs; P = 0.011
and 1 vs. 2 drugs; P = 0.023) were lower in the Fomukal group. Measures of complications: infections
(7 vs. 12 patients, P = NS) and a GVHD (13 vs. 14 patients, P = NS, grade 1 vs. 1, P = NS) did not differ.
Discussion: Both SCPR mouth rinses, Fomukal and Caphosol, were associated with similar effectiveness in
reducing severity of oral mucositis.
Basophil activation test in allergy diagnostics
Authors: Nowakowska Karolina , Królewicz Emilia , Gamian Andrzej , Barg Wojciech
Published: December 2020

The prevalence of allergic diseases in Poland and in the world continues to rise in recent years. The most commonly used methods for diagnosing IgE – dependent allergies are skin prick testing (SPT) and assessment of specific IgE (sIgE) directed against specific allergens. However, both methods have some disadvantages and the obtained results may be inconsistent. In particular, routine diagnostic tests are not always effective for some drugs and foods. Consequently, additional laboratory tools should be used. Basophil activation test (BAT) based on flow cytometry is a promising diagnostic method. The present paper demonstrates the usefulness and effectiveness of BAT protocols in allergy diagnosis in scientific research. In comparison to routinely used diagnostic methods, BAT is an expensive and complicated laboratory tool. However, it offers the possibility to efficiently and effectively recognize allergies. Introducing BAT into routine diagnostics in allergology is problematic because this method has not yet been standardized and validated. Therefore, there is a justified need to continue research in this field. If standardized and validated, BAT may offer a reasonable improvement in allergy diagnostics in the future.
A BUSCA PELA REALIZAÇÃO DA DIGNIDADE DA PESSOA HUMANA NO INSTITUTO DA ADOÇÃO
Authors: Carolina Colorado Borges Sarah , Augusta Rodrigues Westin Ebaid Ana
Published: December 2020

The adoption institute has undergone numerous changes over the years, and from the 1988 Federal Constitution onwards, the most important innovations began to take effect. From that moment on, the adoption began to gain a significant new guise to protect the rights of children and adolescents. In the present work, through doctrinal and jurisprudential research, through books and articles, it aims to make an analysis of the history and adoption process, which is a subject that is always very relevant and discussed in society, bringing positive aspects, such as innovations. who shifted the focus from suitors to minors, and broughta greater guarantee to their rights; and negative aspects such as prejudices, late adoption and the slowness of our legal system. The methodology included bibliographic survey. The main focus is to analyze the adoption process based on the principles of human dignity found in our Charter, and the principles that govern the adoption institute, and how it has been applied in the daily lives of children and adolescents , to ensure their fundamental rights and family life.