bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fragmentation, commodification and responsibilisation in the governing of flood risk mitigation in Sweden
Authors: Becker Per
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this paper is to increase our understanding of the governing of flood risk mitigation in advanced liberal society, through an in-depth Swedish case study. By combining social network analysis and genealogy, this paper investigates who is involved, how they organise, their modes of thinking, how they mitigate flood risk, as well as how such regime of practises have come into being. The findings suggest dominant rationalities that reduce the actual complexity of flood risk in spatial and temporal terms to fit the legal and institutional environment. The resulting fragmentation is associated with a commodification of flood risk mitigation, in which actors expect to be able to procure modules of safety and sustainability on the market. This commodification materialises in a vacuum of responsibilisation, when obligations are imposed without commensurate guidelines. These processes of fragmentation, commodification, and responsibilisation are core constituents of neoliberalisation, which is clearly shaping the governing of flood risk mitigation even in Sweden; a bastion of the strong welfare state. Regardless of the notable individual capacities of the involved actors, systemic constraints in the governmentality have generated these detrimental processes in the face of overwhelming complexity. These systemic constraints must be removed or overcome for the governing of flood risk mitigation to match the complexity of flood risk in the catchment area. This paper thus provides input that can inform policy changes for a more sustainable future in the face of unprecedented change.
Efficacy of propolis-based mouthwashes on dental plaque and gingival inflammation: a systematic review
Authors: Halboub Esam , Al-Maweri Sadeq A. , Al-Wesabi Mohammed , Al-Kamel Ahlam , Shamala Anas , Al-Sharani Amani , Koppolu Pradeep
Published: July 2020

Background

This systematic review of randomized clinical trials aimed to evaluate the available evidence regarding the efficacy of propolis-based mouthwash on dental plaque and gingival inflammation.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to November 2019. Clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of propolis mouthwashes compared with chlorhexidine (CHX) were included. The primary outcomes comprised dental plaque and/or gingival inflammation. Two authors assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane tool. Due to marked heterogeneity of the available data, studies were assessed qualitatively, and no metaanalysis was performed.

Results

Nine clinical trials, comprising 333 subjects, fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Most of the included studies showed high risk of bias. Overall, propolis mouthwashes showed good efficacy on plaque and gingivitis in all of the included studies. Out of the eight studies that reported on plaque index, 5 studies found equal efficacy of propolis and CHX in reducing plaque, two studies found superior efficacy in favor of CHX, while one study found superior efficacy in favor of propolis. Six studies assessed gingival inflammation outcome, four of which reported better results with propolis, while two studies reported comparable results.

Conclusions

The results suggest that propolis-based mouthwashes have potential benefits in reducing plaque and gingival inflammation. However, methodological limitations along with small sample sizes in some of the included studies weaken the strength of the evidence. Therefore, further well-designed clinical trials with large sample sizes and adequate follow-up period are recommended to discern the efficacy of propolis mouthwash on plaque and gingivitis.
The role of patient and public involvement leads in facilitating feedback: “invisible work”
Authors: Mathie Elspeth , Smeeton Nigel , Munday Diane , Rhodes Graham , Wythe Helena , Jones Julia
Published: July 2020

Background

Health research in the UK requires patients, those with lived experience and members of the public to be involved in designing and shaping research: many of them have reported that their comments and suggestions are not always acknowledged, and they do not know if their input has been used or is useful. The benefits of feedback from researchers not only create motivation for further involvement but aids learning and development, as well as recording impact. The aims of this study were to improve the feedback experience of Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) contributors. Co-produced feedback processes were designed and implemented in order to change feedback from researchers to PPI contributors in six PPI groups in England.

Methods

An explanatory mixed methods sequential study design was utilised with a comparative questionnaire survey (administered 20 months apart), interviews and a focus group with PPI leads, researchers and PPI contributors. Patient and Public Involvement contributors were involved from initial idea, study design, data analysis through to dissemination.

Results

Co-designed feedback processes were introduced in five of the six PPI groups and there was an overall increase in the frequency of feedback over the period studied. The enablers and barriers to implementing feedback processes were identified, which included the importance of wider institutional level support. PPI leads need to have dedicated time and acknowledge feedback as part of their role. The importance of individual feedback processes designed by, and for each PPI group, rather than a generic one, was also identified as key to successful implementation.

Conclusion

The role of the PPI lead is an important facilitator in improving feedback but can easily be overlooked and has been described as invisible. PPI leads can perform an essential bridging role between researchers and members of the public. This study has shown that PPI feedback processes can be implemented if they are part of embedded PPI with explicit expectations, facilitated by a dedicated PPI lead role with sufficient support and resources. The findings have implications beyond this particular study, particularly for those involved in undertaking and funding health and social care research.
Suing the NHS for clinical negligence: reports analysis
Authors: Tingle John
Published: July 2020

John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses some recent reports on clinical negligence actions against the NHS
Managing trauma and disease of the incisors and canines
Authors: Barnett Tim
Published: July 2020

Equine incisors and canines are generally less affected by primary disease than the cheek teeth but are arguably more prone to external traumatic events and damage from bits and tack. The principles of investigating these teeth are the same as with the cheek teeth, and involve complete and thorough clinical examination usually with diagnostic imaging.
Diffractive distortion of a pixelated computer-generated hologram with
oblique illumination
Authors: Mu Cheng-Ta , Chen Cheng-Huan
Published: July 2020

Computer-generated holograms (CGHs) have their phase and/or amplitude
modulation pattern calculated rather than recorded as for
traditional holograms. In practice, the CGH devices are normally
pixelated, no matter if they are passive or active ones. In many
cases, the reconstruction light illuminates on the CGH devices
obliquely, and the pattern generated on the target plane will be
distorted from the originally desired one, even if the modulation on
the CGH devices has been calibrated for the corresponding illumination
angle in CGH calculation and optimization. The distortion is purely
related to the diffraction behavior resulting from the geometry of the
pixel on the CGH, and therefore diffractive distortion has been coined
for this specific phenomenon. In this paper, quantitative analysis of
diffractive distortion and a corresponding scheme for correction have
been given based on scalar diffraction theory. The proposed concept is
that the distortion of the reconstructed image is proportional to the
distortion of the signal window. An experiment has been conducted with
a phase-type liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator (SLM).
Both the distortion analysis and the correction scheme have been
verified quantitatively for various illumination angles and the
direction of the reconstruction light.
Luta armada das esquerdas e justiçamentos: um estudo de(o) caso (São Benedito-CE)
Authors: De Farias Airton
Published: July 2020

Os assassinatos de “inimigos da revolução” feitos pelas organizações de esquerda durante a ditadura civil-militar (1964-85) eram usados pelo governo ditatorial para justificar a repressão e provocavam polêmicas entre os próprios militantes. Um dos mais controversos deu-se no Ceará, quando do justiçamento do comerciante José Armando Rodrigues pela Ação Libertadora Nacional na cidade cearense de São Benedito, em agosto de 1970. O artigo trata de detalhes da ação, abordando aspectos políticos e representações dos grupos armados, a exemplo da crescente militarização e a crença no triunfo da revolução. É igualmente realizada uma discussão sobre as várias memórias construídas acerca do chamado “Caso de São Benedito” que, no geral, buscam diminuir a ênfase política da ação e ressaltar aspectos morais e pessoais.Palavras-chaves: ditadura militar, esquerda armada, memórias.
Mapas Sociais: Subsídios para a elaboração do Plano de Gestão territorial e ambiental potiguara
Authors: Gonçalves Alicia Ferreira
Published: July 2020

Se apresentam resultados da aplicação de uma metodologia baseada no desenho de mapas sociais por indígenas Potiguara do nordeste brasileiro – que configuram subsídios para a elaboração do PGTA.  A pesquisa etnográfica foi realizada em oito aldeias entre 2018 e 2019 onde foi realizado um ciclo de oficinas de cartografia social, com trilhas e desenhos dos mapas que refletem as cosmovisões Potiguara. Demandas por saneamento básico, saúde, educação, políticas de geração de renda e ações de proteção ambiental são temáticas desenhadas nos mapas. Assim como, conflitos entre atividades exógenas e atividades tradicionais. O PGTA teria um efeito paradoxal: se realizado e efetivado tem a potência jurídica de conferir autonomia na gestão dos territórios indígenas em consonância com a proteção do ambiente. Se não realizado, se converte em instrumento jurídico de tomada de direitos no atual governo que assume explicitamente o lobby de empreendimentos capitalistas em detrimento dos direitos indígenas assegurados constitucionalmente.
Piling Gold in the Prostate
Authors: Hanjar Abrahim , Fahmawi Yazan , Ahmed Yasir , Kumar Manoj , Merritt Lindsey , Mizrahi Meir
Published: July 2020

Radiation beams precisely directed at a tumor can attenuate the radiation to contiguous tissues. Image-guided radiation therapy using fiducials allows accurate delineation of tumor location. Traditionally, fiducials in the prostate have been placed by urologists or radiation oncologists. With the evolution of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), fiducials have been successfully placed under the EUS guidance in different organs. In this case series, fiducials were placed in 3 patients with prostate cancer. All patients completed their radiation therapy, and no complications were reported except mild dysuria in one case. EUS-guided fiducial placement is safe and offers a new modality for fiducial placement in the prostate.
A Postdramatic Engagement with Robinsonade Motifs in Tim Crouch’s I, Caliban
Authors: Özmen Özlem
Published: July 2020

Tim Crouch’s I, Caliban is a postdramatic adaptation of Shakespeare’s The Tempest included in a collection titled I, Shakespeare in which he recreates Shakespeare’s most marginalised characters. The focus in this sequel adaptation is on Caliban who tries to survive after Prospero and all others have left the island. Different from the representation of Caliban in postcolonial reworkings of Shakespeare’s play, Caliban, in this work, is not preoccupied with taking revenge. Instead, he emphasises the need for social interaction as he has been left alone on his island. Drawing on former structural comparisons of The Tempest and Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe based on their common themes such as the island setting, master-servant relationship, colonial expansion, and power politics, the aim of this paper is to discuss Crouch’s adaptation as a transformation of common motifs of the Robinsonade in its attempt to respond to the ideologicalformations of Shakespeare’s text. Among such transformations, the concept of survival, for instance, is handled from the native’s viewpoint in Crouch’s work. Instead of the figure of the stranger who finds life on an unknown land difficult to cope with, this time, the native turns into a captive on the island though it is a familiar setting. Another motif used in an alternative manner is isolation, which is not presented as fuel for civilisation but as Caliban’s psychological trauma, which he explores through storytelling as a postdramatic element. Apart from the narration, the play demonstrates other uses of postdramatic elements to suggest an isolated figure on an uninhabited island like the use of objects such as toy boats and tape of sea sounds. Instead of seeing Crouch’s work as a postcolonial response to Shakespeare’s work, this paper will try to investigate how the use of island setting and the theme of isolation can make it closer to a Robinsonade. By this means, it will also try to ask whether an adaptation could also be read in relation to a work that is not intended as its source text.
The Learner’s Motivation and the Structure of Habituation in Aristotle
Authors: Hampson Margaret
Published: July 2020

Moral virtue is, for Aristotle, a state to which an agent’s motivation is central. For anyone interested in Aristotle’s account of moral development this invites reflection on two questions: how is it that virtuous motivational dispositions are established? And what contribution do the moral learner’s existing motivational states make to the success of her habituation? I argue that views which demand that the learner act with virtuous motives if she is to acquire virtuous dispositions misconstrue the nature and structure of the habituation process, but also obscure Aristotle’s crucial insight that the very practice of virtuous actions affords a certain discovery and can be transformative of an agent’s motivational states. Drawing attention, in Aristotle’s account, to an asymmetry between the agential perspective and the observation of others, I consider what the agential perspective affords the learner, and offer a novel interpretation of the role a learner’s existing motives play in her habituation.
Keeping the Friend in Epicurean Friendship
Authors: Carnes Thomas
Published: July 2020

There seems to be universal agreement among Epicurean scholars that friendship characterized by other-concern is conceptually incompatible with Epicureanism understood as a directly egoistic theory. I reject this view. I argue that once we properly understand the nature of friendship and the Epicurean conception of our final end, we are in a position to demonstrate friendship’s compatibility with, and centrality within, Epicureanism’s direct egoism.
How to begin a sequel?
Authors: Hajdu Péter
Published: July 2020

Beginnings of fictional narratives apply various strategies to introduce their readers to the represented world, and even if they select a starting point in the flow of events as definitive, they tend to tell something about how the starting situation has been constituted by earlier events and circumstances. Some literary genres represent fictional worlds so different from the readers’ that a general description of the former is also needed in the beginning. A sequel may seem free of the burden of a descriptive introductory beginning, since readers (if they have read the previous work or works) have sufficient information to be able to cope within medias resbeginning. However, long series of many sequels have to be accessible for new readers as well, therefore they offer introductions for a double audience. The paper analyses several beginnings from Terry Pratchett’s Discworld novels. I show how the early novels use the description of the Discworld as a formal feature to begin the narrative; those descriptions fulfil the double purpose of introducing new readers and entertaining the trained ones by new ways of elaboration and adding some new traits.
Validation of the number of tie vectors in post-processing using the method of frequency in a centric cube
Authors: Kudas Dawid , Wnęk Agnieszka
Published: July 2020

The systems belonging to the European Position Determination System (EUPOS) are obliged to have a sub-service for automatic post-processing (APPS) of static satellite user observations based on observations registered by reference stations. The optimization of the number of tie vectors to reference stations is determined by the authors of APPS algorithms and is a key issue. The study validates the determination of the position of a point based on a smaller number of tie vectors than for the standard solution provided by a sub-service on an example of APPS of the Polish Active Geodetic Network (ASG-EUPOS). It was shown that the reduction of the number of tie vectors by one does not result in a significant deterioration of the accuracy of the obtained coordinates. The other objective of this study is to propose a method for comparing 3D sets. This method is based on 3D figures of assessment and a modification of a method for comparing text sets. The proposed method was validated by comparison with the Spearman correlation coefficient and Mahalanobis distance. The usefulness of the method for similarity and dissimilarity analyses of 3D sets has been demonstrated with an example of comparing the combination of reference vectors with a standard solution of APPS of ASG-EUPOS.
Narratives of the Digital Economy: How Platforms Are Challenging Consumer Law and Hierarchical Organization
Authors: Quarta Alessandra
Published: July 2020

Digital platforms are the essential infrastructures of electronic commerce, online communication, and digital social relationships. They connect two interdependent groups of web users (parties offering goods, services, and digital content; and parties interested in accessing this supply) and enable their transactions. Moreover, they provide additional services such as online payment, collection of reviews and feedback, and internal instant messaging. However, the term “platform” can be misleading, since it seems to denote a virtual space or a technical tool without legal personality. In other words, platforms are masking corporations who hide behind them in order to avoid the legal responsibilities stemming from their status as social institutions. This exploits the dominant theory of the firm as a nexus of contracts and is intended to release the agents involved in the system of production from the restrictions that protect weaker parties in the age of industrial capitalism. Companies who organize production through platforms thus obtain both indirect and direct benefits. In particular, indirect benefits derive from making consumer law more complicated to apply by creating conditions that frustrate the traditional distinction between professionals and consumers. In fact, any user can provide services and sell or share their personal goods (e.g., cars, apartments, clothes, etc.) and other commodities through platforms. However, this does not mean that information asymmetries do not continue to exist, or that weaker parties do not need to be protected. This confusion benefits companies that enable these transactions, since online relationships are not burdened by informative duties. In this case, companies use the platform narrative to facilitate peer-to-peer transactions, where simple, ubiquitous exchanges yield advantages. In addition, platforms provide direct benefits by eliminating the hierarchical organization of their production system in order to adopt the least burdensome and most flexible forms of employment. Companies generally rely on ICT tools to show that the parties offering the service are independent and are not subject to their control. The platform narrative glosses over the labor exploitation issues generally referred to as “uberification”. In addressing the questions outlined in this introduction, the paper will be organized as follows. Part I will discuss how the platform economy is challenging consumer law by short-circuiting its legal grounds in ways that allow companies to benefit. Part II will focus on the direct effects of the platforms’ denial of hierarchical organization: starting from the Italian Supreme Court’s ruling in the Foodora lawsuit, we will explore emergent models for organizing the system of production and their impact on the main categories of private law.
Systems biology markup language (SBML) level 3 package: multistate, multicomponent and multicompartment species, version 1, release 2
Authors: Zhang Fengkai , Smith Lucian P. , Blinov Michael L. , Faeder James , Hlavacek William S. , Juan Tapia Jose , Keating Sarah M. , Rodriguez Nicolas , Dräger Andreas , Harris Leonard A. , Finney Andrew , Hu Bin , Hucka Michael , Meier-Schellersheim Martin
Published: July 2020

Rule-based modeling is an approach that permits constructing reaction networks based on the specification of rules for molecular interactions and transformations. These rules can encompass details such as the interacting sub-molecular domains and the states and binding status of the involved components. Conceptually, fine-grained spatial information such as locations can also be provided. Through “wildcards” representing component states, entire families of molecule complexes sharing certain properties can be specified as patterns. This can significantly simplify the definition of models involving species with multiple components, multiple states, and multiple compartments. The systems biology markup language (SBML) Level 3 Multi Package Version 1 extends the SBML Level 3 Version 1 core with the “type” concept in the Species and Compartment classes. Therefore, reaction rules may contain species that can be patterns and exist in multiple locations. Multiple software tools such as Simmune and BioNetGen support this standard that thus also becomes a medium for exchanging rule-based models. This document provides the specification for Release 2 of Version 1 of the SBML Level 3 Multi package. No design changes have been made to the description of models between Release 1 and Release 2; changes are restricted to the correction of errata and the addition of clarifications.
Synthetic biology open language (SBOL) version 3.0.0
Authors: Baig Hasan , Fontanarrosa Pedro , Kulkarni Vishwesh , McLaughlin James Alastair , Vaidyanathan Prashant , Bartley Bryan , Beal Jacob , Crowther Matthew , Gorochowski Thomas E. , Grünberg Raik , Misirli Goksel , Scott-Brown James , Oberortner Ernst , Wipat Anil , Myers Chris J.
Published: July 2020

Synthetic biology builds upon genetics, molecular biology, and metabolic engineering by applying engineering principles to the design of biological systems. When designing a synthetic system, synthetic biologists need to exchange information about multiple types of molecules, the intended behavior of the system, and actual experimental measurements. The Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) has been developed as a standard to support the specification and exchange of biological design information in synthetic biology, following an open community process involving both wet bench scientists and dry scientific modelers and software developers, across academia, industry, and other institutions. This document describes SBOL 3.0.0, which condenses and simplifies previous versions of SBOL based on experiences in deployment across a variety of scientific and industrial settings. In particular, SBOL 3.0.0, (1) separates sequence features from part/sub-part relationships, (2) renames Component Definition/Component to Component/Sub-Component, (3) merges Component and Module classes, (4) ensures consistency between data model and ontology terms, (5) extends the means to define and reference Sub-Components, (6) refines requirements on object URIs, (7) enables graph-based serialization, (8) moves Systems Biology Ontology (SBO) for Component types, (9) makes all sequence associations explicit, (10) makes interfaces explicit, (11) generalizes Sequence Constraints into a general structural Constraint class, and (12) expands the set of allowed constraints.
Accumulation of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd and Pb) in mullets Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) and Ellochelon vaigiensis(Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) from Damb Harbor, Balochistan, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Quratulan , Benzer Semra , Ali Qadeer M. , Baloch A. Buksh
Published: July 2020

In this study, muscle samples collected from Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) and Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) caught on the Balochistan coast (Damb Harbor) between January and December 2015 (during the northeast monsoon, post-monsoon and pre-monsoon seasons, and the southwest monsoon) were analyzed to determine concentrations of heavy metals: iron, zinc, copper, manganese, cadmium and lead by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, expressed per unit of dry weight of each sample. The average measured level of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd and Pb for P. subviridis was 26.70 ± 11.49 μg g−1, 13.82 ± 4.56 μg g−1, 1.66 ± 0.84 μg g−1, 0.24 ± 0.10 μg g−1, 0.06 ± 0.07 μg g−1 and 0.17 ± 0.14 μg g−1, respectively. The average level of the same metals for E. vaigiensis was 29.26 ± 10.18 μg g−1, 18.85 ± 6.28 μg g−1, 2.18 ± 1.01 μg g−1, 0.32 ± 0.14 μg g−1, 0.25 ± 0.11 μg g−1 and 0.30 ± 0.12 μg g−1, respectively. The highest Pb accumulation (0.56 μg g−1 and 0.61 μg g−1) detected in P. subviridis and E. vaigiensis is above the limit value (0.50 μg g−1) reported by FAO, hence the accumulation of Pb in these two fish species should be monitored in the future.
High purity substances – prototypes of elements of Periodic Table
Authors: Karpov Yuri A. , Churbanov Mikhail F. , Baranovskaya Vasilisa B. , Lazukina Olga P. , Petrova Ksenia V.
Published: July 2020

The Mendeleev Periodic Table of Chemical Elements delivered a strong impetus to the development of fundamental and applied chemistry, chemical technology, analytical chemistry, and material sciences. Each element under the Periodic Table is an idealized substance with a certain structure and properties as defined by existing theoretical frameworks. In the real world, we deal with substances that are close in composition to the element of Periodic Table under study but differ in the presence of different elements in them – impurities that distort (sometimes radically) the structure and properties of the target research object. For many centuries, humanity has sought to obtain pure substances in order to achieve desired properties. In the second half of the 20th century, a unique collection of high purity substances was created, which includes samples representing material artifacts, prototypes of elements of Periodic Table that contain record low contents of impurity elements. With ongoing scientific and technological progress, the achieved purity of substances continuously increases and, therefore, their approximation to idealized elements of Periodic Table. This is facilitated by: new technological processes for the production and storage of high purity substances with a constant decrease in the level of impurities; the creation of isotope-friendly substances; complexes of more highly sensitive multi-element analysis methods; identification of the unique properties of high purity substances, bringing them closer to the capabilities of analog elements of Periodic Table and much more. This article is devoted to progress in these areas. Special attention is also paid to the problems in modern analytical chemistry of high purity substances and the use of the latter in the metrology of chemical analysis as the standards of comparison.
FOLR1 was up-regulated in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and correlated with the patients’ progression free survival
Authors: Xie Ling , Li Qingwen , Zhang Meirong , Sun Xia , Xi Zhongyu , Sun Aiyun
Published: July 2020

Objective The aim of the present work was to evaluate the folate-receptor 1 (FOLR1) expression in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical significance.

Methods
FOLR1 mRNA expression level was detected in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database for multiple carcinomas. The FOLR1 mRNA relative expression between tumor tissue and normal cervix tissue of the cervical squamous cell cancer patients was compared by the online data analysis tool of GEPIA. The overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) between the FOLR1 high and low expression groups were compared by the log-rank test. Thirty one cervical squamous cancer patients and 20 healthy controls were included in and tested for serum FOLR1 protein level detection. Eighty one cervical squamous cell cancer patients who received surgery were included for FOLR1 protein expression detected by immunohistochemistry assay (IHC). The correlation between FOLR1 protein expression and patients’ clinical features was analyzed.

Results
FOLR1 mRNA was up-regulated in tumor tissue compared to corresponding normal cervical tissue of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Top 20 genes interacted with FOLR1 was identified through the network with the edges of 146. UBXN10 (r=0.668, P<0.01) and GBP6 (r-=0.606, P<0.01) were the top 2 genes that most correlated with FOLR1. The serum level of FR-α (FOLR1 coding protein) were 275.50±83.79 and 161.70±66.62 (ng/L) for the cervical cancer and healthy control subjects respectively with significant statistical difference (P<0.05). Using the serum FR-α as serological marker for cervical cancer detection, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and AUC were 80.0% (58.40% to 91.93%), 80.65% (63.72% to 90.81%) and 0.85(95%CI:0.74-0.96), respectively. Immunohistochemical assay indicated that of the 81 cancer tissue samples, 45 (55.6%) was FOLR1 protein positive. FOLR1 protein positive expression rate in FIGO stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ was significant higher than in the stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ with statistical difference (P<0.05). The progression free survival (PFS) was significant different between FOLR1 high and low expression group (HR=2.48, 95%CI:1.1-5.58, P=0.023). However, the overall survival (OS) was not statistical different between the two groups (HR=1.34, 95%CI:0.84-2.15, P=0.22).

Conclusion: FOLR1 was up-regulated in both serum and cancer tissue of cervical squamous cell carcinoma which may act as diagnostic and prognostic maker for cervical squamous cell cancer.
The Nitrianska Blatnica II hoard: The hoard horizon of Lusatian culture in the Ha C1a period in Slovakia
Authors: Ondrkál Filip
Published: July 2020

This paper synthesises and analyses archaeological data on the Nitrianska Blatnica II hoard of metal artefacts (Ha C1a; 800–725 BC) from the hilltop settlement of Marhát. Currently, this is the largest metal deposit from the Final Bronze Age in Slovakia, providing a fundamental chronological synchronization of the Ha C1a sub-phase with Northern Italy and Central and Southeastern Europe. A spectral analysis of the serial circular jewellery shows a uniform origin from a unique metallurgical workshop and contributes to the scientific discussion with important data on economic operations in the Carpathian Basin. The closest analogies to the bronze vessels and gold cylindrical earrings come from the most important contemporary sites of the Hallstatt and Mezöcsát cultures and stimulate the notion of a large intercultural trade in prestigious goods and the practices of the aristocratic population of the Final Bronze Age in Central Europe.
Colorimetric hand-held sensors and biosensors with a small digital camera as signal recorder, a review
Authors: Pohanka Miroslav
Published: July 2020

Sensors, biosensors, lateral flow immunoassays, portable thin-layer chromatography and similar devices for hand-held assay are tools suitable for field or out of laboratories assays of various analytes. The assays frequently exert a limit of detection and sensitivity close to more expensive and elaborative analytical methods. In recent years, huge progress has been made in the field of optical instruments where digital cameras or light sensitive chips serve for the measurement of color density. General availability of cameras, a decrease of prices and their integration into wide spectrum phones, tablets and computers give the promise of easy application of analytical methods where such cameras will be employed. This review summarizes research on hand-held assays where small cameras like the ones integrated into smartphones are used. Discussion about such assays, their practical applicability and relevant specifications are also written here.
Notoginsenoside R1 attenuates sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Zhang Yibing , Zhao Yong , Ran Yongwang , Guo Jianyou , Cui Haifeng , Liu Sha
Published: July 2020

Background

Sevoflurane, a volatile anesthetic, is known to induce widespread neuronal degeneration and apoptosis. Recently, the stress-inducible protein sestrin 2 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) have been found to regulate the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppress oxidative stress. Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1), a saponin isolated from Panax notoginseng, has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects. The effects of NGR1 against neurotoxicity induced by sevoflurane were assessed.

Methods

Sprague-Dawley rat pups on postnatal day 7 (PD7) were exposed to sevoflurane (3%) anesthesia for 6 h. NGR1 at doses of 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg body weight was orally administered to pups from PD2 to PD7.

Results

Pretreatment with NGR1 attenuated sevoflurane-induced generation of ROS and reduced apoptotic cell counts. Western blotting revealed decreased cleaved caspase 3 and Bad and Bax pro-apoptotic protein expression. NGR1 substantially upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression along with increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 levels, suggesting Nrf2 signaling activation. Enhanced sestrin-2 and phosphorylated AMPK expression were noticed following NGR1 pretreatment.

Conclusion

This study revealed the neuroprotective effects of NGR1 through effective suppression of apoptosis and ROS via regulation of apoptotic proteins and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and sestrin 2/AMPK signaling cascades.
Implementation of Article 251 of the Labour Code in Higher Education
Authors: Rutkowska Beata
Published: July 2020

The Law on Higher Education and Science states that article 251 of the Labour Code which concerns the limitation of employment based on employment agreements for a definite time, on one hand, does not apply to first-time employed university teachers, to teachers for whom universities are not the main place of work nor teachers who are pensioners. On the other hand, the regulations of this article are still in effect with regard to the rest of university teachers and all other employees thereof. This solution cannot be positively evaluated due to its legislative inappropriateness in such aspects as excluding regulations concerning the limitation of employment based on employment agreements for a definite time and the results of exceeding those limits with simultaneous inclusion of regulations establishing exceptions to limits and employer’s obligations to implement them; and due to the legislation’s content such as inapplicability of article 251 of the Labour Code to the teachers for whom universities are not the main place of work and teachers who are pensioners, without adopting any type of mechanism excluding the excessive employment of these employee groups based on renewal of employment agreements for a definite time, as required by directive 99/70/EC. It is advisable to introduce changes in this field. It seems particularly worth noting that the proposal of enumerative determination in the Law on Higher Education and Science of cases in which university teachers could be employed under employment agreements for a definite time.
GŽI – garbingesnei žiniasklaidai
Authors: Nastaravičius Mindaugas
Published: July 2020

2007-ųjų rugsėjį įkurtas portalas gzi.lt – tai erdvė, skirta atviresnėms ir garbingoms diskusijoms apie žiniasklaidą. Tai viešas forumas, kviečiantis į būrį visas žiniasklaidos priemones, kurioms rūpi etikos ir skaidrumo klausimai. Tai erdvė, suteikianti galimybę kalbėti viešai ir drąsiai, raginanti prisijungti visus žurnalistus, žiniasklaidos ekspertus, ryšių su visuomene specialistus, verslininkus, politikus, apžvalgininkus, ekonomistus ir kitus, kuriems žiniasklaida rūpi ir kurie neabejoja, kad apie ją reikia kalbėti. Toje erdvėje siūloma vengti anonimiškumo, nesislapstyti slapyvardžiais. Kuo ši svetainė praplėtė nuolat pulsuojantį visuomenės forumą apie Lietuvos žurnalistiką, savininkystę, žiniasklaidos perspektyvą?
Religious Impact on Media Co-regulation: a Case Study of Russia
Authors: Khroul Victor
Published: July 2020

The proposed paper is focused on media co-regulation and civic accountability from the perspective of religious ethos. The author analyses the process of religion mediatization in the Russian public sphere and presents the findings of a case study of the project entitled “Public Council on Morality for TV”. Classifying different situations when religions face the media and vice versa, the paper presents some empirically fixed facts and trends of dysfunction and corruption in the religious life coverage in Russia. Drawing attention to several particular features of the Russian context (public opinion, autonomy of journalists, agenda-setting and management problem, etc.), the author puts forward a set of significant obstacles for the moral control of the media: the axiological problem (the lack of value consensus in the Russian society), the evaluative problem (absence of a moral monitoring in the mass media and the public sphere), and the communicative problem (the absence of a well-articulated dialogue of value systems).
Freedom of Expression and the Media: A Case-study from The Netherlands
Authors: Snel Drs. Johan
Published: July 2020

There is “no such thing as free (non-ideologically constrained) speech; no such thing as a public forum purged of ideological pressures or exclusions”. Stanley Fish’s famous thesis (1994) is illustrated by this case study on the public debate on freedom of expression in the Netherlands during the first decade of the 21st century. Far from serving tolerance or minority rights, as originally intended, it produced a whole line of argumentation that have excluded many from the public debate and filled it with a more exclusive content, especially regarding religion in general and Muslims in particular. A renewed identification with the toleration discourse would help the media in regaining their public role and will be helpful for journalists covering the debate.
Nepilnamečių apsauga: kur klumpa žiniasklaida
Authors: Zubrutė Liucija
Published: July 2020

Ankstyvame amžiuje gaunama informacija vaikams gali daryti didelį poveikį: išmokyti elgesio, bendravimo taisyklių, formuoti nuomonę įvairiais klausimais, susidaryti bendrą aplinkos vaizdą ir t.t. Nepilnamečiai infor­macijos vartotojai itin pažeidžiami: kritinis mąstymas dar nesusiformavęs, vaikai dažnai neturi su kuo palyginti pirmą kartą matytos situacijos. To­dėl, pavyzdžiui, konflikto sprendimas smurtu jiems gali pasirodyti tinkama išeitis iš susidariusios situacijos, o žiniasklaidos antraštėse nurodytos savi­žudybės priežastys gali sudaryti įspūdį, kad vienos ar kitos problemos yra neišsprendžiamos.Viešosios erdvės stebėsena užsiimanti Žurnalistų etikos inspektoriaus tarnyba geba kontroliuoti profesionalias internetines žiniasklaidos priemo­nes, tačiau pasaulinio tinklo platybėse kiekvieną dieną sukuriama begalės tinklalapių, kuriuos pasiekti vaikui nėra sunku. Todėl užtikrinti visapusiš­ką vaikų apsaugą nėra realu – neįmanoma sukurti informacinio vakuumo. Kita vertus, tarnybos vykdoma stebėsena ir skiriamos administracinės nuo­baudos ne visada sulaiko profesionalias žiniasklaidos priemones nuo na­grinėjamo įstatymo pažeidimų – svarbesniu naujienų atrankos kriterijumi tampa įdomumas (auditorijos smalsumo tenkinimas).
Amerikos lietuvių periodikos skaitytojų nuomonės tyrimai (1879–1919)
Authors: Raguotis Bronius
Published: July 2020

Tokios temos lietuvių spaudos istorikai ir teoretikai nėra nagrinėję ir iš­samiai išskleidę. Tuo tarpu tai yra svarbi žurnalistikos istorijos, sociologijos, etikos, lektologijos sritis.Šiame straipsnyje, nepretenduojant į išsamumą, įvairesniame, iš dalies teorinio pobūdžio kontekste dėstoma Amerikos lietuvių skaitytojų nuomonė apie atskirus periodikos leidinius (daugiausia – apie laikraščius), apskritai apie tos šalies lietuvių periodinę žiniasklaidą, kuri tuo metu sprendė ir žur­nalistikos praktikos klausimus: kas yra žinia, kokia turi būti naujiena. Į juos redakcijos ieškojo atsakymų pasitelkdamos ir JAV redaktorių pateikiamus naujienų apibūdinimus. Remiamasi iki šiol surinkta anketų, apklausos, ats­kirų temų, redakcijos atsakymų ir kitokių tyrimų medžiaga. Aptariama ir redakcijų reakcija į skaitytojų pareikštas pastabas bei pageidavimus.
Vilniaus ukrainiečių tautinės bendrijos naudojimosi žiniasklaida ypatumai Ukrainos karo laikotarpiu
Authors: Visockytė Monika
Published: July 2020

Šis straipsnis yra skirtas Vilniaus ukrainiečių tautinės bendrijos nau­dojimosi žiniasklaida, vykstant Ukrainos karui, tendencijoms pateikti, atspindint tris karo etapus: Maidano protestų, Krymo aneksijos ir esant ne­ramumams Donecko ir Luhansko miestuose1. Taip pat siekta apžvelgti, koks buvo žiniasklaidos vaidmuo formuojant bendrijos, atskirtos nuo Ukrainos įvykių ir visuomeninio gimtosios šalies gyvenimo, politines nuostatas. Sie­kiant atskleisti bendruomenėje vyraujančią situaciją, atlikti kiekybinis ir ko­kybinis tyrimai. Vilniaus ukrainiečių bendrijos nariai atsakė į klausimyno klausimus, kurie ir padėjo sužinoti respondentų žiniasklaidos naudojimo tendencijas, tai yra: kaip suintensyvėjo naudojimasis žiniasklaida per karą Ukrainoje, kokių šalių rengiama informacija bendrijos nariai naudojasi bei kokiais principais remiasi rinkdamiesi žiniasklaidos priemones. Atlikti tyrimai parodė, kad prasidėjus Ukrainos karui informacijos po­reikis Vilniaus ukrainiečių tautinėje bendrijoje žymiai išaugo. Keitėsi ir bendrijos narių elgesys, naudojantis žiniasklaida. Išaugo ukrainietiškos žiniasklaidos teikiamos informacijos paklausa, o Lietuvos žiniasklaidos priemonėmis naudotasi norint sužinoti kasdienes naujienas apie karą. Pa­aiškėjo, kad Vilniaus ukrainiečių bendrijos nariai naudojasi beveik vienodu lietuviškų ir ukrainietiškų žiniasklaidos priemonių kiekiu. Tapo svarbu išsi­aiškinti ir tai, kada bendrijos nariai renkasi naudoti lietuvių, o kada – ukrai­niečių žiniasklaidą. Be to, išryškėjo tendencija, kad bendrijos nariai gausiai naudojasi televizija, internetiniais dienraščiais bei internetine televizija, bet kur kas rečiau naudojasi spauda ir radiju. Tai rodo tarp bendrijos narių susiformavusią tradiciją skirtingų šalių ir skirtingų žiniasklaidos platformų priemonėmis naudotis skirtingais tikslais.
Proceedings of the Scientific Conference Communication and Information Sciences in a Network Society: Experiences and Insights, Vilnius University, 2016 June 9–10
Authors: No. 10 Journalism research
Published: July 2020

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Estrategias de inserción de un matrimonio de libertos en la sociedad piurana (Perú). Siglo XVIII
Authors: Gutiérrez-Rivas Julissa
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo se propone analizar algunos rasgos de la realidad vivencial de los libertos en Piura a partir de dos de sus miembros: los esposos africanos Juan de Sojo y María Mercedes de Céspedes quienes, a través de las actividades que realizaron en las casas-tina ―importante industria colonial de la ciudad― consiguieron hacerse con un peculio que les permitió obtener la libertad y la de sus hijos, así como el ejercicio de una serie de prácticas comunes en la época: posesión de una casa, compra-venta de esclavos, transacciones con vecinos piuranos; y, por qué no, dejar ordenadas las cuestiones en torno a la salvación de sus almas. De este modo, estos esclavos fueron protagonistas de su propio destino en un momento en el que la esclavitud, en el contexto económico de Piura del siglo XVIII, estaba en su período de apogeo como sistema de producción.
An Exploratory Assessment of Sleep Patterns, Burnout and Perceived Stress of a Cohort of Active Duty Military Physicians
Authors: Ramani Divya , Konopasky Abigail , Artino Anthony , Durning Steven , Mikita Jeffery
Published: July 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction: Physician well-being is crucial and has the potential to impact patient safety. Many physicians across different stages of their careers experience stress, burnout, and/or decreased sleep. These factors can negatively affect physician well-being and performance and contribute to medical errors. The purpose of this study is to further understand physician well-being by examining a single cohort for patterns of sleep, burnout, and perceived stress across gender, training level, and specialty. Materials and methods: A cohort of 32 practicing military physicians ranging from first-year residents to experienced attendings continuously wore an actigraphy watch for a duration of at least 5 days to capture baseline sleep patterns. On the last day of data collection, participants completed a self-reported assessment of their daytime sleepiness using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), a two-item burnout scale adapted from the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and a 10-item perceived stress questionnaire. Data for the entire cohort were descriptively analyzed. Results: The cohort had a mean sleep duration of 6.69 hours across the 5 days, with a maximum mean sleep duration of 7.90 hours, and a minimum mean sleep duration of 5.69 hours per day. Analysis stratified by gender and level of training revealed an average sleep duration of at least 6 hours across these groups. Overall, the cohort reported low perceived stress levels, low daytime sleepiness, and low burnout. Conclusion: The cohort of physicians examined in the present study did not show signs of significant sleep deprivation, feelings of perceived stress, or burnout. This may be due to military culture and the structure of military training facilities that emphasize duty hour regulations. In addition, these findings may be related to the fact that military health professionals are salaried, as opposed to being on a fee-for-service schedule, and military facilities offer well-being programs.