bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peruvian Maca: Two Scientific Names Lepidium Meyenii Walpers and Lepidium Peruvianum Chacon - Are They Phytochemically-Synonymous?
Authors:   Faculty of Health Studies, Charles Sturt University & Therapeutic Research, TTD International Pty Ltd, 39 Leopard Ave., Elanora, QLD 4221, Australia, Meissner Henry O. , Mscisz Alina ,   Research Institute of Medicinal Plants, 27 Libelta St., 61-707 Poznan, Poland;, Kedzia Bogdan , Pisulewski Pawel , Piatkowska Ewa Piatkowska ,   Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
Published: August 2023

Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) , profiles of the two isotypes labelled under the same common name Maca deposited in the Medicinal Plant Herbarium, in Australia and Poland, but identified under two different scientific names Lepidium meyenii Walpers (L. meyenii) and Lepidium peruvianum Chacon (L. peruvianum) are presented. The two isotypes correspond to two holotypes of Peruvian medicinal herb known under the same common name "Maca", as originally deposited in the Herbarium of San Marcos University in Lima, Peru dated back to 1843 and 1990 respectively. The results demonstrate distinct differences in taxonomy, visual appearance, phytochemical profiles and DNA sequences of the two researched Maca isotypes, suggesting that the two Maca specimens are dissimilar and formal use of the term “synonymous” to L. meyenii and L. peruvianum may be misleading. On the basis of presented results the scientific name L. meyenii, used since 1843 up-today for cultivated Peruvian Maca by numerous reference sources worldwide, including Regulatory Bodies in the USA, EU, Australia and most lately in China, appears to be used in error and should be formally revised. It is concluded, that the isotype of cultivated Peruvian Maca labelled under its scientific name Lepidium peruvianum Chacon, provides all the characteristics peculiar to this historically-documented herb grown in Andean highlands, which may be linked to its traditional use and accepted functionality, confirmed in recent clinical study to be relevant to its present day use for expected dietary, therapeutic and health benefits.
Inhibitory Effect of Phragmanthera Incana (Schum.) Harvested from Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao) and Kolanut (Cola Nitida) Trees on Fe2+ induced Lipid Oxidative Stress in Some Rat Tissues - In Vitro
Authors:   Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, Ogunmefun O. T. , Fasola T. R. ,   Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria;, Saba A. B. ,   Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria;, Akinyemi A. J. ,   Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Published: August 2023

Evidence in both experimental and clinical studies has shown the participation of oxidative stress in the development and progression of diabetes mellitus. This study therefore, sought to investigate the inhibitory effect of methanolic extract of Phragmanthera incana leaves, a mistletoe species harvested from Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and Kolanut (Cola nitida) on FeSO4 induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas, liver, kidney, heart and brain in vitro. The methanolic extract was prepared with 90% methanol (v/v); subsequently, the antioxidant properties and inhibitory effect of the extract on Fe2+ induced lipid peroxidation in some rat tissues were determined in vitro. Incubation of the different rat tissues homogenate in the presence of Fe caused a significant increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of the tissues. However, the methanolic extracts of Phragmanthera incana leaves harvested from both Cocoa and Kolanut trees caused a significant decrease in the MDA contents of all the tissues tested in a dose-dependent manner. However, the extract of Phragmanthera incana leaves harvested from kolanut trees had a better inhibitory effect on Fe2+- induced lipid peroxidation in the rat tissues homogenates than that of Phragmanthera incana leaves harvested from cocoa trees. This higher inhibitory effect could be attributed to its significantly higher antioxidant properties as typified by their phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging ability and reducing power. Therefore, oxidative stress associated with diabetes and its other complications could be potentially managed/prevented by harnessing Phragmanthera incana leaves as cheap nutraceuticals. However, Phragmanthera incana leaves harvested from kolanut trees exhibited better antioxidant properties.
The Analgesic Effects of Different Extracts of Aerial Parts of Coriandrum Sativum in Mice
Authors:   Neurocognitive Research Center & Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Kazempor Seyedeh Fatemeh , langehbiz Shabnam Vafadar , Hosseini Mahmoud ,   Neurocognitive Research Center & Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;, Shafei Mohammad Naser , Pourganji Masoomeh ,   Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center & Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;, Ghorbani Ahmad ,   Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Published: August 2023

Regarding the effects of Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum) on central nervous system, in the present study analgesic properties of different extracts of C. sativum aerial partswere investigated. The mice were treated by saline, morphine, three doses (20, 100 and 500 mg/kg) of aqueous, ethanolic, choloroformic extracts of C. sativum and one dose (100 mg/kg) of aqueous, two doses of ethanolic (100 and 500 mg/kg) and one dose of choloroformic (20 mg/kg) extracts of C. sativum pretreated by naloxone. Recording of the hot plate test was performed 10 min before injection of the drugs as a base and it was consequently repeated every 10 minutes after the extracts injection. The maximal percent effect (MPE) in the groups treated by three doses of aqueous, ethanolic and chloroformic extracts were significantly higher than saline group which were comparable to the effect of morphine. The effects of most effective doses of extracts were reversed by naloxone. The results of present study showed analgesic effect of aqueous, ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of C. sativum extract. These effects of the extracts may be mediated by opioid system. However, more investigations are needed to elucidate the exact responsible mechanism(s) and the effective compound(s).
Inhibition of Cholinesterases and Some Pro-Oxidant induced Oxidative Stress in Rats Brain by Two Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum) Varieties
Authors:   Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B., 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria, Oboh G. , Bakare O.O. , Ademosun A.O. , Akinyemi A. J. , Olasehinde T.A.
Published: August 2023

This study sought to investigate the effects of two tomato varieties [Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. esculentum (ESC) and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. cerasiforme (CER)] on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities in vitro. Phenolics content, carotenoids characterisation, inhibition of Fe2+ and quinolinic acid-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) production in rats brain homogenate and NO* scavenging abilities were also assesed in addition to the AChE and BChE inhibition assays. There was no significant difference in the AChE inhibitory ability of the samples, while CER had significantly higher BChE inhibitory activity. Furthermore, the tomatoes inhibited Fe2+ and quinolinic acid-induced MDA production and further exhibited antioxidant activities through their NO* scavenging abilities. There was no significant difference in the phenolic content of the samples, while significantly high amounts of lycopene were detected in the tomatoes. The cholinesterase-inhibition and antioxidant properties of the "tomatoes" could make them good dietary means for the management of neurodegenerative disorders.
Serosurvey of Entamoeba Histolytica Exposure among Tepehuanos Population in Durango, Mexico
Authors:   Biomedical Research Laboratory. Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Juárez University of Durango State, Durango, Mexico, Alvarado-Esquivel Cosme , Hernández-Tinoco Jesús , Sánchez-Anguiano Luis Francisco ,   Institute for Scientific Research "Dr. Roberto Rivera Damm", Juárez University of Durango State, Durango, Mexico;, Ramos-Nevárez Agar , Cerrillo-Soto Sandra Margarita , Guido-Arreola Carlos Alberto ,   Clínica de Medicina Familiar. Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado. Predio Canoas S/N. 34079 Durango, Mexico
Published: August 2023

The seroepidemiology of Entamoeba histolytica infection in Tepehuanos population in Mexico is largely unknown. This study aimed to study the seroprevalence and correlates of E. histolytica antibodies in Tepehuanos in Durango, Mexico. Through a cross-sectional study, we determined the frequency of E. histolytica IgG antibodies in 156 Tepehuanos people in Durango, Mexico using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Furthermore, we studied the association of E. histolytica seroprevalence with the socio-demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics of the Tepehuanos studied. Forty-four (28.2%) Tepehuanos with mean age of 31.03 ± 16.71 years old had anti- E. histolytica IgG antibodies. Multivariate analysis showed that E. histolytica exposure was positively associated with laborer occupation (Odds ratio=2.77; 95% CI: 1.15, 6.66; p=0.02), and history of lymphadenopathy (Odds ratio=4.97; 95% CI: 1.74, 14.13; p=0.002), and negatively associated with soil contact (Odds ratio=0.13; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.53; p=0.004). Other behavioral characteristics including drinking untreated water or unpasteurized milk, and consumption of unwashed raw vegetables or fruits were not associated with E. histolytica exposure. The seroprevalence of E. histolytica infection in Tepehuanos in Durango is higher thanseroprevalences reported in national surveys. The factors associated with E. histolytica seropositivity reported in the present study might aid for the planning and implementation of effective measures against E. histolytica infection.
A Preliminary Study of the Effects of SurAsleep on Relieving Symptoms of Sleep Disorders
Authors:   Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China, Xie Qingwen , Zhou Tian , Yen Lawrence , Song Andrew , Rao Jianyu ,   Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;, Shariff Mina , Nguyen Tuong ,   Department of Research, DRM Resources, 1683 Sunflower Avenue, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA, Shi Rong ,   Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China;
Published: August 2023

Sleep disorder is a common condition in the general population. Conventional sedative-hypnotic drug therapy may not be appropriate for many patients suffering from only mild-to-moderate sleep disorders. SurAsleep, a nutritional supplement that has been used by patients with sleep disorders in the United States, shows promising effects in improving sleep disorders and enhancing sleep quality. However, double-blinded, randomized and controlled studies have not been performed to determine the efficacy of the supplement. We conducted this study on individuals suffering from mild-to-moderate sleep disorders in Shanghai, China. In this study, we randomly assigned 100 participants over the age of 50 years old with symptoms of sleep disorders to a 12-week treatment with either SurAsleep or placebo. The results were measured by a self-administrated questionnaire on changes in symptoms, which covered 3 phases of sleep: the falling-asleep stage, the sleeping stage and the waking-up stage. We also measured the changes after the 12-week intervention using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), including 7 dimensions of sleeping. All symptoms, dimension-specific PSQI scores and total PSQI scores showed significant improvement after using SurAsleep. In this study, SurAsleep has shown potent effects in relieving somnipathy-related symptoms and improving sleep quality in sleep disorder patients.
Diagnosis of Second Mesiobuccal Canal in Maxillary First Molars among Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors:   Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan, Hasan Muhammad , Khan Farhan Raza ,   Dental Section, Aga University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
Published: August 2023

The mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molar has generated more research and clinical investigation than any other root. An inability to detect and treat a second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) is a reason for endodontic failure in maxillary first molars (1). Modifications in endodontic access and detection techniques, along with advancements in illumination and magnification technology, have aided in the location and treatment of the second mesiobuccal canal of maxillary first molars (2). Studies have shown an incidence of MB2 in maxillary first molars to be 63% (3). The objective of our study was to determine the frequency of the second mesiobuccal canal in the permanent maxillary first molars with magnification loupes (× 3.5). In this cross sectional study, a total of 53 teeth were assessed clinically using magnification loupes for MB2 canal in mesiobuccal root of first maxillary molars. Detection of MB2 canal was done through a clinical access cavity preparation with magnification (× 3.5) with controlled pulp chamber floor troughing. We obtained institution ethical board’s clearance for this study (Ref: 1567-Sur-ERC-2010). We were able to detect MB2 in 27 out of 53 (50.9%) of maxillary first molars. It was found that males tend to have a higher proportion of MB2 canals up to 31% as compared to females in whom the MB2 could be identified only 19% of the time. Weine FS et al. were the first to report that clinician’s inability to locate and fill the second mesiobuccal canal can result in an endodontic failure in maxillary molars (4). This may be attributed to the anatomical diversity in MB2 canal system which invariably originates within the sub-pulpal groove connecting the two main canals, making its detection challenging (5). Within the limitations of our study, we conclude that the use of the magnification loupes (× 3.5) enhanced the detection (50.9%) of the MB2 canals in the maxillary first molars. In addition, the prudent clinician is suggested to employ the canal-search strategies such as chamber floor troughing, assessment of radiographic width of the mesiobuccal root, CEJ perimeter, tooth angulation, cusp tip-pulp floor distance (CPFD), and the laws of orifice location to successfully locate the second mesiobuccal canal system to improve the outcome of endodontic treatment (Figure 1).
Palatal Rugae Patterns in Edentulous Cases, Are They A Reliable Forensic Marker?
Authors:   Department of prosthodontics, M. R. Ambedkar dental college and hospital, 1/36 cline road, cooke town, Bangalore, India, Poojya R. , Shruthi C. S. , Rajashekar Vaishali Mysore , Kaimal Aswathy
Published: August 2023

One of the main objectives of the forensic sciences is establishing a person's identity which can be a very complex process. The analysis of the teeth, fingerprints and DNA evaluation are probably the most used techniques allowing fast and secure identification processes. Palatal rugae or transverse palatine folds are asymmetrical and irregular elevations of the mucosa located in the anterior third of the palate and are permanent, prominent and unique for individuals and thus can be used as identification for forensic purposes widely in edentulous patients wherein no teeth are present in the oral cavity. In forensic odontology dentists play a prime role in supporting legal and criminal issues. Palatoscopy or palatal rugoscopy is the name given to the study of palatal rugae in order to ascertain a person's identity. Studies have demonstrated that no two individual rugae patterns are alike in their configuration and the characteristic rugae pattern of the palate does not change as a result of growth. Hence this article reviews the significance of palatal rugae patterns in edentulous cases as a reliable forensic marker.
Lymphocyte Activation Markers in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors:   Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, Fadel Fatina I. , Bazaraa Hafez M. , Salah Doaa M. ,   Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt;, Elghoroury Eman A. , Ibrahim Mona H. , Nasr Soha A. ,   Department of Clinical & Chemical Pathology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt;, Elshamaa Manal F. , Koura Hala M. ,   Department of Pediatric, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt;, Kassem Neemat M. A. ,   Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt;, El-Saaid Gamila S. ,   Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
Published: August 2023

Background and objectives: The role of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) in immune tolerance in experimental transplantation is very important but the clinical significance of circulating Tregs in the peripheral blood is undetermined. We evaluated the association between the frequency of T cell activation markers CD25 and CD71 and clinical parameters that may affect the level of these T cell markers. Methods: In 47peditric kidney transplant (KT) recipients and 20 healthy controls, the frequency of T cell activation markers, CD25 and CD71 was measured with flow cytometry after transplantation. Two clinical protocols of induction immunosuppression were used: (1) anti-thymocyte globulin (THYMO) group (n =29) and Basiliximab (BSX) group (n=10). Results:The percentage of circulating CD25 after KT was significantly lower than that in the controls. There is no significant difference between KT and the controls s regard to circulating CD71. The percentage of CD25 was significantly increased in children with acute rejection compared with those without acute rejection. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) decreased the frequency of CD25 but mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor did not. The proportion of CD25 significantly decreased in THYMO group during the first year after transplantation. Conclusion: The frequency of circulating T cell activation marker CD25 in pediatric KT recipients is strongly affected by CNIs, and a high frequency of CD25 is associated with acute rejection during the early posttransplant period. The measurement of T cell activation markers, may become a useful immune monitoring tool after kidney transplantation.
Adding Genetic Testing to Evidence-Based Guidelines to Determine the Safest and Most Effective Chronic Pain Treatment for Injured Workers
Authors:   Proove Biosciences, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA, Meshkin Brian , Lewis Katrina ,   Spokane Spine Center, Spokane WA, USA, Kantorovich Svetlana , Anand Natasha , Davila Lisa ,   Proove Biosciences, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA;
Published: August 2023

Published guidelines for treating injured workers include the need for personalized treatment to manage chronic pain symptoms and increase functional status. However, they often fail to clarify how to objectively personalize these treatments. Further, certain patients need analgesic relief beyond the short term. In these cases, it is not sufficient or reasonable to utilize the typical broad protocol-based justifications for reduction of opioids and other medications in a haphazard manner based purely on poor response, without attempting to elucidate possible pharmacogenetic reasons for this. These guidelines acknowledge the problem of substance abuse and set forth methods for treatment and prevention. Although it has been established in the scientific community that an individual’s experience of pain and likelihood for addiction both have genetic components, genetic testing is not routinely included as part of the overall treatment plan for injured workers with chronic pain. Because decisions in cases of workplace injury should be based on scientific evidence, genetic testing results can add some objective information to the existing subjective and objective clinical data; help ascertain the efficacy and potential for toxicity of treatment; and therefore provide more information for accurate clinical decisions. We propose the addition of genetic testing to consensus guidelines for treating injured workers in order to improve patients’ functional status, increase productivity, improve safety of prescribing, decrease the likelihood of substance abuse, and save on overall healthcare costs.
Investigation of Risk Factors, Stage and Outcome in Patients with Gestational Trophoblastic Disease since 2001 to 2011 in Iran-Yazd
Authors:   Associated professor, Department of Gynecology Oncology, Clinical Research Development, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran, Karimi-Zarchi Mojgan , Mortazavizadeh Mohammad Reza ,   Assistant professor, Hematology and oncology, hematology and oncology department, Islamic Azad University, Yazd branch, Iran;, Soltani-Gerdefaramrzi Malihe ,   Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran;, Rouhi Mitra ,   General physician;, Yazdian-Anari Pouria ,   Student of medicine, Scientific society of medicine, Yazd branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran;, Ahmadiyeh Mohammad Hosain ,   Epidemiologist, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
Published: August 2023

Background and Aim: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTN) is one of the high-risk forms of pregnancy that requires a lot of attention in terms of research studies, considering its incidence and the importance of the disease in advanced form. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors and clinical procedure of patients with gestational trophoblastic disease from 2001 to 2002. Method of Study: This is a retrospective descriptive study, which was carried out on 150 patients with trophoblastic disease. These patients’ files were obtained from Shohadaye Kargar and Shahid Sadoughi hospitals and women’s oncology offices of Yazd city. The patients were contacted one by one and their disease situation was determined. The data obtained were recorded in a questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software. Result: The results indicated that the average age of the patients was 27.65 ± 8.22 with variations in age ranging from 15 to 35 year. In addition, majorities were in the age group of 20 to 40 years. 43.2 percent of the women were affected during their first gestation. 4% had molar gestation record, and 9.4% had positive family record. Mean time of survival was 93.38 ± 0.62 months (MIN ± SE), and only one died owing to chemotherapy complication. Vaginal bleeding (90%) was the most common symptom. 54.6 percent of the disease had complete mole, 30% had incomplete mole, 8.6% had invasive mole, 4.6% had choriocarcinoma and 2% had placenta site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT). Among the patients studied, 28.7% were benign in GTN group while 71.3 % were malignant in the GTN group. The malignant patients were divided into three groups per risk, and 41.2% were in the high-risk group. There was theca-lutein cyst in 54% of the patients, which had a significant relationship with the disease risk of persistent GTN. Conclusion: Choriocarcinoma and invasive mole is the most malignant pathology. There was significant relationship between disease interval and the beginning of chemotherapy, and theca lutein cyst and persistent GTN.
Enhanced Chromatographic Determination of Nicotine in Human Plasma: Applied to Human Volunteers
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt, Ayoub Bassam M. , Elmazar Mohamed M. ,   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt, Mohamady Samy , Hendy Moataz S. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt;
Published: August 2023

Development of enhanced UPLC-UV method for determination of nicotine in human plasma was achieved on a Symmetry C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 2.2 μm) applying isocratic elution based on Methanol: Acetonitrile: Phosphate Buffer (pH: 2.7) with the ratio (20:30:50, v/v/v) as a mobile phase. The ultraviolet detector was operated at 260 nm. The mobile phase was pumped through the column at a flow rate of 0.2 mL min-1. The column temperature was adjusted to 50ºC and the injection volume was 2 μL. Quinine was selected as an internal standard (IS) due to its structure similarity to nicotine having basic pyridine ring to optimize the liquid liquid extraction procedure using diethyl ether coupled with vacuum evaporation at 40°C. Validation parameters for nicotine were found to be acceptable over the concentration range of 2.5-50 ng ml-1. The application of the proposed method on four healthy human volunteers was approved by the ethical committee. The study was carried out under fasting conditions and the concerned subjects were informed about the objectives and possible risks involved in the study. The proposed method proved to be simple and fast which is a major advantage to analyze large number of samples per day using the accelerated vacuum evaporation technique. The method showed satisfactory data for all the parameters tested within the limits for bioanalytical assays. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) permits the application of the method for further pharmacological and clinical studies.
Topical Hydroquinone use leading to Endogenous Ochronosis: A Case Report
Authors: Orth Charles , Phillips Jr. James D.
Published: August 2023

Ochronosis is a rare disease characterized by skin pigment changes and degenerative arthritis caused by deposition of homogentisic acid in joint cartilage. There are exogenous and endogenous forms of the disease with the endogenous form typically caused by alkaptonuria, or a defect in homogentisic acid oxidase enzyme. In this report we present a previously undocumented case of endogenous ochronosis caused by topical hydroquinone use in a 69-year-old Caucasian male without alkaptonuria.
Surgeon Ergonomics During Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery
Authors: Lohre Ryan , Regan William , Goel Danny P
Published: August 2023

Background: Orthopaedic surgeons experience work-related musculoskeletal symptoms (WMS) due to working conditions. This study aimed to provide risk factors for WMS and preventative solutions during shoulder arthroscopy, as well as ergonomic differences between lateral decubitus and beach chair positioning.

Methods: A pilot study of observational functional assessments through video analysis by an occupational therapist was performed. Two shoulder surgeons were recorded performing shoulder surgery in the lateral decubitus and beach-chair positions.

Results: Surgeon A performed two procedures in the beach-chair position. Surgeon B performed a procedure in the lateral decubitus position. A risk factor for neck strain was monitor positioning. Shoulder strain was related to instrument length, patient height, and patient positioning in the lateral decubitus position, causing reaching and composite shoulder motions up to 90 degrees abduction with internal rotation and scapular elevation for periods of up to three-minutes. Repetitive end-range wrist motion was identified, as well as sustained static standing. Recommended solutions to preventing WMS were identified as monitor positioning perpendicular and at or slightly below surgeon eye level, minimizing back motion, employing proximal arm movements more often, and footwear or standing pads, or changing stance.

Conclusion: Patient height, monitor position, length of arthroscopic equipment, working distance from the surgical field, and patient positioning in the lateral decubitus position were risk factors for WMS during arthroscopic shoulder surgery in this study. The lateral decubitus position resulted in increased, sustained periods of composite shoulder motions in positions at risk for WMS about the neck and shoulders.
The Science of Leadership
Authors: Sharan Alok
Published: August 2023

Increasingly orthopedic surgeons are being called upon to take leadership roles in hospitals and health care systems during the Covid pandemic. Surgeons have an intrinsic understanding of leadership due to their role in the operating rooms. Beyond the typical authoritarian style of leadership, orthopedic surgeons have to appreciate that there are different styles of leadership they may employ outside of the operating room. This paper provides a foundational understanding of the basic theories of leadership.
The Majority of Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Faculty in the United States are Allopathic Males
Authors: Ranson Rachel , Peabody Tucker , Saker Christopher , Lucido Anthony , Lin Jia Bao , Gianakos Arianna , Stamm Michaela , Mulcahey Mary K
Published: August 2023

Introduction

There is a paucity of information regarding the demographic characteristics of faculty at Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) orthopaedic surgery residency programs. The purpose of this study was to determine the demographics and education training of all current orthopaedic surgery residency program faculty members. We hypothesized that there would be a sex discrepancy among orthopaedic surgery faculty, and that there would be fewer DO (Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine) than MD (Medical Doctor) orthopaedic surgeons in academic medicine.

Methods

The Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database was used to identify all orthopaedic surgery residency programs in the United States. The following information was collected from each program website: faculty sex, degree, academic role, administrative title, and subspecialty. Faculty roles, titles, and subspecialties were compared across type of institution, degree earned, and sex using Chi squared and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).

Results

Of the 4,325 faculty members identified, 3,893 were male (90%) and 4,033 were MDs (93%). The most common subspecialty was sports medicine (789, 18%). While traditional ACGME programs still had more MD faculty (3,728, 97.5%) (p<0.001), the majority of faculty at traditional American Osteopathic Association (AOA) programs were also MDs (305, 61%). There were more male DOs than male MDs (95.6% vs. 89.3%, p<0.001). More DOs practiced general orthopaedics (14.8% vs. 4.1%), whereas more MDs practiced upper extremity and orthopaedic oncology (p<0.001). More male faculty practiced adult reconstruction (616, 15.8%), trauma (489, 12.6%), spine (471, 12.1%), and sports medicine (719, 18.5%), whereas more female faculty practiced pediatrics (135, 31.3%), upper extremity (100, 23.1%), and oncology (33, 7.6%). More male faculty held titles as chair of orthopaedic surgery (145, 3.7%) and fellowship director (111, 2.9%) than females (5, 1.2% and 5, 1.2%). Males were also listed as assistant professor (1057, 27.2% vs 188, 43.5%), associate professor (636, 16.3% vs 86, 19.9%), and professor (618, 15.9% vs 41, 9.5%) more commonly than females.

Conclusion

The current faculty of orthopaedic surgery residency programs is heavily male dominated, holding higher academic roles and administrative titles than women. There is also a high prevalence of MDs with higher academic roles and administrative titles than DOs.
CARACTERIZACIÓN Y CUANTIFICACIÓN DE ACEITES EN ÁRBOLES SILVESTRES Y PLANTAS JÓVENES DE Bursera glabrifolia (Kunth)-Engel
Authors: Enríquez del Valle José Raymundo , Rodríguez-Ortiz Gerardo , Jarquín-Ríos Bartolomé , Campos-Angeles Gisela Virginia
Published: August 2023

En el estado de Oaxaca, México, los árboles de Bursera glabrifolia se usan de cercos vivos y retenedores de suelo. La madera se usa para elaborar artesanías y las partes vegetativas tienen uso medicinal. Actualmente, la elaboración de artesanías depende del abastecimiento de materia prima de poblaciones silvestres de B. glabrifolia. Gran parte del material es desechado, como hojas, ramillas, ramas y corteza. El objetivo del presente estudio fue extraer y caracterizar aceites (AE), en hojas y corteza de árboles jóvenes en vivero y en árboles silvestres cuantificar el rendimiento de aceites en campo. Durante 2015 en la comunidad de Santo Tomas Jalieza, Oaxaca, se tomaron datos de altura, diámetro del tallo y volumen a 70 árboles. Muestras de hojas y corteza fueron colectadas de árboles silvestres, puestas en bolsas de polietileno y en hielera, para su transporte a laboratorio, donde las muestras se pesaron y sometieron a hidrodestilación con aparatos tipo Clavenger y posteriormente fueron analizadas por GC-MS. Se obtuvo el 0.0869% y el 0.16199 % de AE para hojas y corteza, respectivamente. Los principales componentes de los AE en hojas fueron: Biciclo [3.1.1]heptano, 6,6-dimetil-2-metileno-(1S)- (17.18 %), beta-Pineno (17.166 %), alfa-felandreno y 1R-alfa -Pineno (16.6 %). De los AE en corteza fueron: alfap-Pineno (25.974 %) y Biciclo[3.1.1]heptano, 6,6-dimetil-2-methyleno- (1S)- (12.329 %). Los 70 árboles en campo tienen volumen de corteza total de 0.26 m3 y generan un contenido de aceite de 0.388 kg. Los componentes de AE identificados pueden tener uso y aplicaciones.
MANAJEMEN USAHA DAN TEKNIK PEMASARAN UNTUK WIRAUSAHA PANGAN DALAM MENGHADAPI PERSAINGAN BISNIS
Authors: Fetriyuna Fetriyuna
Published: August 2023

Usaha pangan membutuhkan manajemen usaha dan teknik pemasaran yang responsif terhadap perubahan khususnya menghadapi pandemi Covid-19. Tak bisa dipungkiri kondisi pandemi covid 19 yang telah berlangsung kurang lebih 2 tahun ini memberikan berbagai macam dampak khususnya bagi wirausaha pangan. Pembatasan aktivitas sosial memaksa pelaku usaha untuk mengatur manajemen bisnis dan pemasarannya agar mampu merespon perubahan supaya bisa bertahan dan mengembangkan usahanya. Program pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini melibatkan 40 mitra usaha pangan dengan produk makanan yang beragam. Berdasarkan hasil survey, lebih dari setengah mitra yang terlibat dalam program ini mengaku mengalami permasalahan dalam memasarkan produk secara langsung disaat pandemi serta mengalami kesulitan untuk mengembangkan usahanya. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi serta meningkatkan wawasan mitra usaha terkait dengan pemasaran yang baik dan benar melalui berbagai macam platform digital serta upaya meningkatkan manajemen usaha. Tahapan pelaksanaan program pengabdian kepada masyarakat meliputi kegiatan edukasi, pendampingan, serta pemberdayaan pemasaran produk mitra melalui platform daring. Beberapa capaian dari kegiatan ini adalah: wawasan mitra usaha terkait dengan pemasaran bertambah, mitra memiliki akun sosial media/marketplace sebagai media dalam menjual produk usahanya, pemahaman mitra terkait pembuatan konten yang menarik dapat meningkatkan ketertarikam konsumen kepada produk mitra serta mitra dapat merancang manajemen usahanya agar dapat lebih berkembang.
BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS
Authors: Setiawan Setiawan
Published: August 2023

model bisnis berfokus pada akuisisi nilai, sementara strategi bisnis menekankan pada pelestarian keunggulan bersaing yang lebih luas. Di perusahaan, model bisnis merupakan arsitektur pengubahan inovasi menjadi nilai ekonomi, sementara strategi bisnis tidak hanya berhenti pada nilai ekonomi perusahaan, tetapi juga pemegang saham. Selanjutnya, walaupun model bisnis juga dipengaruhi oleh dinamika lingkungan eksternal dan internal organisasi, namun organisasi menggunakan strategi bisnis untuk menanggapi dinamika lingkungan industri dan makro, serta memutuskan posisi bersaing yang akan dipertahankan atau melakukan aksi agresif untuk menyerang pemimpin pasar. Tujuan dari konsep model bisnis telah didefinisikan dengan menekankan penciptaan nilai sebagai bagian dari mengelola pengembangan teknologi. Model bisnis demikian dipahami sebagai alat yang berfokus untuk menengahi antara pengembangan teknologi dan penciptaan nilai ekonomi. Metode penerapan model bisnis di perusahaan memiliki beberapa manfaat. Pertama, terkait dengan komponen-komponennya, model bisnis memudahkan para perencana dan pengambil keputusan di perusahaan melihat hubungan logis antara komponen-komponen dalam bisnisnya, sehingga dapat dihasilkan nilai bagi pelanggan dan perusahaan. Kedua, model bisnis dapat dipakai untuk menguji konsistensi hubungan antar komponennya. Ketiga, model bisnis dapat digunakan untuk menguji pasar dan asumsi yang digunakan ketika mengembangkan bisnis. Keempat, model bisnis dapat dipakai untuk menunjukkan seberapa radikal suatu perubahan dilakukan dan konsekuensinya. Hasil bagi perusahaan kecil, model bisnis didesain untuk kompetensi internal sehingga menghasilkan keuntungan kompetensi bagi perusahaan kecil. Simpulan, Hal ini konsisten dengan resourced- based theory, yang melihat bahwa perusahaan kecil sebagai kumpulan dari berbagai sumber daya dan kapabilitas). Keuntungan kompetitif dapat muncul dari keputusan yang baik atas aktivitas biasa (misalnya: produksi), koordinasi yang baik antara berbagai aktivitas-aktivitas tersebut (misalnya: proses pengembangan produk), manajemen yang baik (misalnya: supply chain management). Saran, Inovasi model bisnis canvas dapat membuat peluang yang besar dalam periode pertumbuhan ekonomi yang cepat. Namun, pemilihan model bisnis yang tepat bagi perusahaan merupakan hal yang sangat krusial karena akan memengaruhi atmosfer ekonomi dan peluang pasar.
Analiza zachmurzenia na zobrazowaniach Landsat 8 w latach 2013‑2020 jako ocena stopnia ich przydatności w monitoringu arktycznych lodowców = Analysis of cloud cover on the 2013‑2020 Landsat 8 imagery as an assessment of its usefulness in monitoring of the High-Arctic tidewater glacier
Authors: Nowak Marcin , Czarnecki Kamil
Published: August 2023

The main aim of the presented work was to assess Landsat 8 satellite imagery for the presence of cloud cover over the terminal zone of the Aavatsmark Glacier (NW Spitsbergen, Svalbard). The work used all downloadable Landsat 8 imagery taken from the start of the mission (early 2013) to the end of 2020 and covering the entire area of interest (AOI). There were a total of 868 satellite images. The degree of visibility of the AOI zone in each image was calculated using Quality Assessment Band image (QA), which is an integral part of the Landsat 8 dataset. The QA data were reclassified, grouped into specific visibility classes and presented on an annual and monthly basis. An analysis of the incidence of usable imagery, i.e. imagery with no more than 5% cloud cover, was also carried out. Of all the available imagery, over the years analysed, only 176 (approx. 20%) contained a fully visible area, while approx. 60% of the images had more than 95% cloud cover. These data were also compared with the results of cloud cover at the nearest weather station in Ny-Ålesund.
Deciphering the complex relationship between type 2 diabetes and fracture risk with both genetic and observational evidence
Authors: Zhao Pianpian , Sheng Zhifeng , Xu Lin , Li Peng , Xiao Wenjin , Yuan Chengda , Xu Zhanwei , Yang Mengyuan , Qian Yu , Zhong Jiadong , Gu Jiaxuan , Karasik David , Zheng Hou-Feng
Published: August 2023

The ‘diabetic bone paradox’ suggested that type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients would have higher areal bone mineral density (BMD) but higher fracture risk than individuals without T2D. In this study, we found that the genetically predicted T2D was associated with higher BMD and lower risk of fracture in both weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. We also identified ten genomic loci shared between T2D and fracture, with the top signal at SNP rs4580892 in the intron of gene RSPO3. And the higher expression in adipose subcutaneous and higher protein level in plasma of RSPO3 were associated with increased risk of T2D, but decreased risk of fracture. In the prospective study, T2D was observed to be associated with higher risk of fracture, but BMI mediated 30.2% of the protective effect. However, when stratified by the T2D-related risk factors for fracture, we observed that the effect of T2D on the risk of fracture decreased when the number of T2D-related risk factors decreased, and the association became non-significant if the T2D patients carried none of the risk factors. In conclusion, the genetically determined T2D might not be associated with higher risk of fracture. And the shared genetic architecture between T2D and fracture suggested a top signal around RSPO3 gene. The observed effect size of T2D on fracture risk decreased if the T2D-related risk factors could be eliminated. Therefore, it is important to manage the complications of T2D to prevent the risk of fracture.
The reciprocal regulation between mitochondrial-associated membranes and Notch signaling in skeletal muscle atrophy
Authors: Ito Yurika , Yamagata Mari , Yamamoto Takuya , Hirasaka Katsuya , Nikawa Takeshi , Sato Takahiko
Published: August 2023

Skeletal muscle atrophy and the inhibition of muscle regeneration are known to occur as a natural consequence of aging, yet the underlying mechanisms that lead to these processes in atrophic myofibers remain largely unclear. Our research has revealed that the maintenance of proper mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAM) is vital for preventing skeletal muscle atrophy in microgravity environments. We discovered that the deletion of the mitochondrial fusion protein Mitofusin2 (MFN2), which serves as a tether for MAM, in human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells or the reduction of MAM in differentiated myotubes caused by microgravity interfered with myogenic differentiation process and an increased susceptibility to muscle atrophy, as well as the activation of the Notch signaling pathway. The atrophic phenotype of differentiated myotubes in microgravity and the regenerative capacity of Mfn2-deficient muscle stem cells in dystrophic mice were both ameliorated by treatment with the gamma-secretase inhibitor DAPT. Our findings demonstrate how the orchestration of mitochondrial morphology in differentiated myotubes and regenerating muscle stem cells plays a crucial role in regulating Notch signaling through the interaction of MAM.
Cognitive Failures at Work, Mindfulness, and the Big Five
Authors: Klockner Karen , Hicks Richard E.
Published: August 2023

Cognitive failures at work (or errors in the workplace including blunders and memory lapses), can lead to considerable personal and organisational damage, even damage well beyond national borders in some organisations. Workplace errors may have a personality base; and mindfulness (or mindlessness) also appears to be related to workplace errors generally. Given the importance and cost of errors in the workplace it is of concern that no previous research appears to have addressed the relationships between cognitive failures at work, personality and mindfulness together. We aimed to address this gap. We administered the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Big Five International Personality Item Pool 50-item questionnaire (IPIP) to a sample of 92 Australian-based employees from a variety of organisations. Our results showed workplace errors (including lapses in general memory, blunders, distractions and recall of names) were related to lower levels of mindfulness and to lower levels of emotional stability (that is, the other end of the neuroticism- emotional stability continuum). Extraversion was associated with not making blunders, but the other three factors of the Big Five (Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness) were not found to be related to workplace errors. These results demonstrate important relationships between mindfulness and workplace errors; and personality (mainly Neuroticism- Emotional Stability) and workplace errors. Giving special attention to mindfulness training and to effective mental health training in organisations is recommended, especially where lapses in attention or workplace actions can lead to costly personal and organisational mistakes.
Exploring the transcriptomic data of the Australian paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus
Authors: Ong CT , Rodriguez-Valle M , Moolhuijzen PM , Barrero RA , Hunter A , Szabo T , Bellgard MI , Lew-Tabor AE
Published: August 2023

Ixodes holocyclus is the paralysis tick commonly found in Australia. I. holocyclus does not cause paralysis in the primary host – bandicoots, but markedly affects secondary hosts such as companion animals, livestock and humans. Holocyclotoxins are the neurotoxin molecules in I. holocyclus responsible for paralysis symptoms. There is a limited understanding of holocyclotoxins due to the difficulties in purifying and expressing these toxins in vitro. Next-generation sequencing technologies were utilised for the first time to generate transcriptome data from two cDNA samples –salivary glands samples collected from female adult ticks engorged on paralysed companion animals and on bandicoots. Contig-encoded proteins in each library were annotated according to their best BLAST match against several databases and functionally assigned into six protein categories: housekeeping, transposable elements, pathogen-related, hypothetical, secreted and novel. The “secreted protein” category is comprised of ten protein families: enzymes, protease inhibitors, antigens, mucins, immunity-related, lipocalins, glycine-rich, putative secreted, salivary and toxin-like. Comparisons of contig representation between the two libraries reveal the differential expression of tick proteins collected from different hosts. This study provides a preliminary description of the I. holocyclus tick salivary gland transcriptome.