bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How can an assortment be reduced without changing the perception of variety? A study of the isolated effects of assortment breadth and depth
Authors: Piris Yolande
Published: November 2013

This research, conducted in collaboration with Carrefour and In Vivo, studies consumers’ perception of variety with a view to reducing the assortment. We deploy two intrinsic assortment characteristics: breadth and depth. We questioned 1009 consumers in test stores and we highlight the mediating role of the perception of variety and how retailers might reduce their assortments without affecting consumers’ perception of variety.
Common Carotid Artery Occlusion With Retrograde Flow in the Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: White Megan A. , Chakraborty Santanu
Published: November 2013

In most cases of common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion, the internal carotid artery (ICA) is also occluded. This case presents a patient with a patent ICA distal to a thrombotic CCA occlusion, likely secondary to cardiac embolization related to chronic atrial fibrillation, with retrograde filling of the extracranial ICA via intracranial collateral flows.
Nicotine exposure during differentiation causes inhibition of N-myc expression
Authors: Ben-Yehudah Ahmi , Campanaro Becki M , Wakefield Laura M , Kinney Tia N , Brekosky Jill , Eisinger Vonya M , Castro Carlos A , Carlisle Diane L
Published: November 2013

Background

The ability of chemicals to disrupt neonatal development can be studied using embryonic stem cells (ESC). One such chemical is nicotine. Prenatal nicotine exposure is known to affect postnatal lung function, although the mechanisms by which it has this effect are not clear. Since fibroblasts are a critical component of the developing lung, providing structure and secreting paracrine factors that are essential to epithelialization, this study focuses on the differentiation of ESC into fibroblasts using a directed differentiation protocol.

Methods

Fibroblasts obtained from non-human primate ESC (nhpESC) differentiation were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, immunostaining, Affymetrix gene expression array, qPCR, and immunoblotting.

Results

Results of these analyses demonstrated that although nhpESCs differentiate into fibroblasts in the presence of nicotine and appear normal by some measures, including H&E and SMA staining, they have an altered gene expression profile. Network analysis of expression changes demonstrated an over-representation of cell-cycle related genes with downregulation of N-myc as a central regulator in the pathway. Further investigation demonstrated that cells differentiated in the presence of nicotine had decreased N-myc mRNA and protein expression and longer doubling times, a biological effect consistent with downregulation of N-myc.

Conclusions

This study is the first to use primate ESC to demonstrate that nicotine can affect cellular differentiation from pluripotency into fibroblasts, and in particular, mediate N-myc expression in differentiating ESCs. Given the crucial role of fibroblasts throughout the body, this has important implications for the effect of cigarette smoke exposure on human development not only in the lung, but in organogenesis in general.
Cell-specific gene expression in Anabaena variabilis grown phototrophically, mixotrophically, and heterotrophically
Authors: Park Jeong-Jin , Lechno-Yossef Sigal , Wolk Coleman Peter , Vieille Claire
Published: November 2013

Background

When the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis grows aerobically without combined nitrogen, some vegetative cells differentiate into N2-fixing heterocysts, while the other vegetative cells perform photosynthesis. Microarrays of sequences within protein-encoding genes were probed with RNA purified from extracts of vegetative cells, from isolated heterocysts, and from whole filaments to investigate transcript levels, and carbon and energy metabolism, in vegetative cells and heterocysts in phototrophic, mixotrophic, and heterotrophic cultures.

Results

Heterocysts represent only 5% to 10% of cells in the filaments. Accordingly, levels of specific transcripts in vegetative cells were with few exceptions very close to those in whole filaments and, also with few exceptions (e.g., nif1 transcripts), levels of specific transcripts in heterocysts had little effect on the overall level of those transcripts in filaments. In phototrophic, mixotrophic, and heterotrophic growth conditions, respectively, 845, 649, and 846 genes showed more than 2-fold difference (p < 0.01) in transcript levels between vegetative cells and heterocysts. Principal component analysis showed that the culture conditions tested affected transcript patterns strongly in vegetative cells but much less in heterocysts. Transcript levels of the genes involved in phycobilisome assembly, photosynthesis, and CO2 assimilation were high in vegetative cells in phototrophic conditions, and decreased when fructose was provided. Our results suggest that Gln, Glu, Ser, Gly, Cys, Thr, and Pro can be actively produced in heterocysts. Whether other protein amino acids are synthesized in heterocysts is unclear. Two possible components of a sucrose transporter were identified that were upregulated in heterocysts in two growth conditions. We consider it likely that genes with unknown function represent a larger fraction of total transcripts in heterocysts than in vegetative cells across growth conditions.

Conclusions

This study provides the first comparison of transcript levels in heterocysts and vegetative cells from heterocyst-bearing filaments of Anabaena. Although the data presented do not give a complete picture of metabolism in either type of cell, they provide a metabolic scaffold on which to build future analyses of cell-specific processes and of the interactions of the two types of cells.
The association between the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 gene and blood pressure in a cohort study of adolescents
Authors: Malard Lucile , Kakinami Lisa , O’Loughlin Jennifer , Roy-Gagnon Marie-Hélène , Labbe Aurélie , Pilote Louise , Hamet Pavel , Tremblay Johanne , Paradis Gilles
Published: November 2013

Background

The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) gene, located on chromosome X, is believed to be implicated in blood pressure regulation. However the few studies that have examined this association have yielded mixed results. The objective of this study was to assess the association between tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 gene with blood pressure and blood pressure change in adolescents.

Methods

Participants in the Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) cohort study with blood or saliva samples and at least 3 blood pressure measurements over 5 years were included in the analytic sample (n = 555). Linear growth curve models stratified on sex and ethnicity were used to assess the association between four tag SNPs in the ACE2 gene and systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and blood pressure change.

Results

In males of European descent, rs2074192 and rs233575 were significantly associated with SBP and DBP, and rs2158083 was associated with SBP. In French Canadian males, rs233575 and rs2158083 were significantly associated with DBP. Among females of European descent, rs2074192, rs233575, and rs2158083 were significantly associated with change in SBP over 5 years.

Conclusions

This is the first study to assess the association between the ACE2 gene with blood pressure and blood pressure change in a cohort of adolescents. Results indicate that several ACE2 gene SNPs are associated with blood pressure or blood pressure change in persons of European descent. However the therapeutic potential of these SNPs should be explored.
Higher numbers of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in stroke patients with intracranial arterial stenosis
Authors: Liu Zhizhong , Ding Xiurong , Fang Fang , Wang Ruimin , Chen Yan , Ma Yuetao , Zhang Guojun , Kang Xixiong
Published: November 2013

Background

Bone marrow-derived endothelial stem cells participate in vascular repairs. Numbers of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs) are associated with atherosclerosis. Fibrinogen plays a key role in atherosclerosis. Objective was to assess if cEPC counts were associated with atherosclerotic intracranial artery stenosis (IAS).

Methods

Three hundred subjects (108 patients with stroke and IAS (IAS), 120 control patients with stroke without IAS (CP), and 72 healthy controls (HC)) were retrospectively analyzed. cEPCs were identified and counted by flow cytometry using CD34, CD133 and KDR. Plasma fibrinogen was measured by immunoturbidimetry. cEPC counts were compared between the three groups.

Results

cEPC numbers were significantly higher in IAS (0.059 ± 0.031%) than in CP (0.026 ± 0.012%) (P < 0.001) and HC (0.021 ± 0.011%) (P < 0.001), but without difference between CP and HC (P = 0.401). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that cEPC levels (OR 3.31, 95%CI 1.26-8.87, P = 0.025; IAS vs. CP) were independent markers of IAS after adjustment for hypertension, diabetes and smoking. No significant correlation between cEPC counts and plasma fibrinogen levels was observed (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

cEPC numbers were associated with degrees of IAS. This measurement may be useful for non-invasive evaluation of atherosclerotic IAS.
Identification of the angiogenic gene signature induced by EGF and hypoxia in colorectal cancer
Authors: Khong Tak L , Thairu Ngayu , Larsen Helene , Dawson Peter M , Kiriakidis Serafim , Paleolog Ewa M
Published: November 2013

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterised by hypoxia, which activates gene transcription through hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF), as well as by expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF receptors, targeting of which has been demonstrated to provide therapeutic benefit in CRC. Although EGF has been demonstrated to induce expression of angiogenic mediators, potential interactions in CRC between EGF-mediated signalling and the hypoxia/HIF pathway remain uncharacterised.

Methods

PCR-based profiling was applied to identify angiogenic genes in Caco-2 CRC cells regulated by hypoxia, the hypoxia mimetic dimethyloxallylglycine (DMOG) and/or EGF. Western blotting was used to determine the role of HIF-1alpha, HIF-2alpha and MAPK cell signalling in mediating the angiogenic responses.

Results

We identified a total of 9 angiogenic genes, including angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL) 4, ephrin (EFNA) 3, transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), to be upregulated in a HIF dependent manner in Caco-2 CRC cells in response to both hypoxia and the hypoxia mimetic dimethyloxallylglycine (DMOG). Stimulation with EGF resulted in EGFR tyrosine autophosphorylation, activation of p42/p44 MAP kinases and stabilisation of HIF-1α and HIF-2α proteins. However, expression of 84 angiogenic genes remained unchanged in response to EGF alone. Crucially, addition of DMOG in combination with EGF significantly increased expression of a further 11 genes (in addition to the 9 genes upregulated in response to either DMOG alone or hypoxia alone). These additional genes included chemokines (CCL-11/eotaxin-1 and interleukin-8), collagen type IV α3 chain, integrin β3 chain, TGFα and VEGF receptor KDR.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that although EGFR phosphorylation activates the MAP kinase signalling and promotes HIF stabilisation in CRC, this alone is not sufficient to induce angiogenic gene expression. In contrast, HIF activation downstream of hypoxia/DMOG drives expression of genes such as ANGPTL4, EFNA3, TGFβ1 and VEGF. Finally, HIF activation synergises with EGF-mediated signalling to additionally induce a unique sub-group of candidate angiogenic genes. Our data highlight the complex interrelationship between tumour hypoxia, EGF and angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of CRC.
Comparison of localized retinal nerve fiber layer defects in highly myopic, myopic, and non-myopic patients with normal-tension glaucoma: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Kim Joon Mo , Park Ki Ho , Kim Seon Jeong , Jang Hyo Ju , Noh Eun , Kim Mi Jeung , Kim Tae Woo , Kim Dong Myung , Caprioli Joseph
Published: November 2013

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between patterns of localized retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defects and the degree of myopia in patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients with high myopia (42 eyes; spherical equivalent [SE] < −6.0 diopters [D]), low to moderate myopia (93 eyes; SE −6.0D ~ and −0.5D), and emmetropia (65 eyes; SE −0.5D ~ +0.5D), all of which were diagnosed as having NTG with localized RNFL defects. On RNFL photographs, the proximity of the RNFL defect to the center of the fovea (angle I) and the sum of the angular width of the defects (angle II) were determined. The patterns of localized RNFL defects were then compared with respect to differences in angles I and II.

Results

Angle I was significantly smaller in the high myopia group than in the low to moderate myopia group (p = 0.028) and the emmetropia group (p = 0.044), while angle II was significantly larger in the high myopia group compared with the low to moderate myopia group and the emmetropia group (p < 0.001, p = 0.007).

Conclusions

Among subjects with NTG, localized RNFL defects are wider and closer to the fovea in eyes with high myopia than those with low to moderate myopia or emmetropia.
Evaluating the utility of gravity gradient tensor components
Authors: Pilkington Mark
Published: November 2013

Gravity gradiometry allows individual components and combinations of components to be used in interpretation. Knowledge of the information content of different components and their combinations is therefore crucial to their effectiveness, and a quantitative rating of information level is needed to guide the choice. To this end, I use linear inverse theory to examine the relationship between the different tensor components and combinations thereof and the model parameters to be determined. The model used is a rectangular prism, characterized by seven parameters: the prism location [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]; its width [Formula: see text] and breadth [Formula: see text]; the density [Formula: see text]; the depth to top [Formula: see text]; and thickness [Formula: see text]. Varying these values allows a variety of body shapes, e.g., blocks, plates, dykes, and rods, to be considered. The Jacobian matrix, which relates parameters and their associated gravity response, clarifies the importance and stability of model parameters in the presence of data errors. In general, for single tensor components and combinations, the progression from well to poorly determined parameters follows the trend of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], to [Formula: see text]. Ranking the estimated model errors from a range of models showed that data sets consisting of concatenated components produced the smallest parameter errors. For data sets comprising combined tensor components, the invariants of the tensor produced the smallest parameter errors. Of the single tensor components, [Formula: see text] gave the best performance overall, but those single components with strong directional sensitivity can produce some individual parameters with smaller estimated errors (e.g., [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] estimated from [Formula: see text]).
Compressional-wave propagation in porous media saturated with two fluids
Authors: Beresnev Igor A.
Published: November 2013

A theory of porous media with voids filled by two immiscible fluids should comply with Laplace’s law of capillary pressure at the pore level. For the convenience of practical use, it ideally should also involve only the generic elastic coefficients of the mineral grains and pore-filling fluids and avoid the use of “bulk” coefficients of the dry solid frame, whose measurement involves idealized experiments, or poorly understood “phase-coupling” coefficients. It should be reconcilable with the body of empirical data as well. Such a theory and the resulting propagation of the conventional compressional wave can be deduced from principles of linear elasticity. Although the interfacial tension between the fluids is rigorously included, it turns out to have no effect on the velocity of seismic waves. To be reconcilable with observational data, the theory needs to be modified to (1) postulate a power-law effect of the volume fraction of the solid and fluid phases on the reduction of their elastic moduli contributing to the aggregate value and (2) honor the additivity of fluid compressibilities versus bulk moduli to form the effective bulk modulus of the fluids. Empirical calibration of the constants of the power law is necessary to make the theory applicable to a specific class of rock. Constructed this way for well-cemented rocks such as sandstones or limestones, the theory agrees well with the empirical data describing (1) the bulk modulus of the dry solid frame, (2) the bulk modulus of the solid frame filled with one fluid, both as functions of porosity; (3) the data on wave velocity in such rocks filled with one fluid, as a function of porosity, and (4) the measurements of wave velocity in such rocks filled with air and water, as a function of water saturation.
Mapping lateral changes in conductance of a thin sheet using time-domain inductive electromagnetic data
Authors: Kolaj Michal , Smith Richard
Published: November 2013

With the inductive electromagnetic geophysical method, the laterally varying conductance of thin sheet models can be estimated either through a direct transform of the measured data or through inversion. The direct transform (called the simplified solution) does not require grid or line data and is simple enough to be performed in the field because the conductance at a location is calculated directly from the ratio of two measured magnetic fields (the vertical spatial and temporal derivative of the vertical magnetic field) at that location. However, the simplified solution assumes that the secondary horizontal magnetic fields are zero and/or that the sheet has a uniform conductance. Our nonapproximate solution (called the full inversion) does not make these assumptions, but requires gridded data, measurements of the secondary horizontal magnetic fields, and more complicated inversion algorithms. Through forward modeling, we found that the full inversion provides better results than the simplified solution when the spatial gradient of the resistance is strong and/or when the horizontal magnetic fields are large. Because the simplified solution may be preferable due to its simplicity, we introduce two unreliability parameters, which assess the unreliability of the conductance calculated using the simplified solution. A comparison of the simplified solution and full inversion in a fixed in-loop survey collected overtop a dry tailings pond in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, revealed that there were small differences around large conductance contrasts, which coincided with elevated unreliability parameters. The simplified solution is recommended if fast in-field interpretations are required, or additionally, as a first-pass survey that can be performed with sparse station spacing to identify areas of interest. Denser grid data can then be collected, for the more reliable full inversion, over areas of interest and/or zones where the simplified solution is expected to be unreliable as predicted by the unreliability parameters.
Clinicopathologic Predictors of Sentinel Lymph Node Metastasis in Thin Melanoma
Authors: Han Dale , Zager Jonathan S. , Shyr Yu , Chen Heidi , Berry Lynne D. , Iyengar Sanjana , Djulbegovic Mia , Weber Jaimie L. , Marzban Suroosh S. , Sondak Vernon K. , Messina Jane L. , Vetto John T. , White Richard L. , Pockaj Barbara , Mozzillo Nicola , Charney Kim James , Avisar Eli , Krouse Robert , Kashani-Sabet Mohammed , Leong Stanley P.
Published: November 2013

Purpose

Indications for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for thin melanoma are continually evolving. We present a large multi-institutional study to determine factors predictive of sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis in thin melanoma.

Patients and Methods

Retrospective review of the Sentinel Lymph Node Working Group database from 1994 to 2012 identified 1,250 patients who had an SLNB and thin melanomas (≤ 1 mm). Clinicopathologic characteristics were correlated with SLN status and outcome.

Results

SLN metastases were detected in 65 (5.2%) of 1,250 patients. On univariable analysis, rates of Breslow thickness ≥ 0.75 mm, Clark level ≥ IV, ulceration, and absence of regression differed significantly between positive and negative SLN groups (all P < .05). These four variables and mitotic rate were used in multivariable analysis, which demonstrated that Breslow thickness ≥ 0.75 mm (P = .03), Clark level ≥ IV (P = .05), and ulceration (P = .01) significantly predicted SLN metastasis with 6.3%, 7.0%, and 11.6% of the patients with these respective characteristics having SLN disease. Melanomas < 0.75 mm had positive SLN rates of < 5% regardless of Clark level and ulceration status. Median follow-up was 2.6 years. Melanoma-specific survival was significantly worse for patients with positive versus negative SLNs (P = .001).

Conclusion

Breslow thickness ≥ 0.75 mm, Clark level ≥ IV, and ulceration significantly predict SLN disease in thin melanoma. Most SLN metastases (86.2%) occur in melanomas ≥ 0.75 mm, with 6.3% of these patients having SLN disease, whereas in melanomas < 0.75 mm, SLN metastasis rates are < 5%. By using a 5% metastasis risk threshold, SLNB is indicated for melanomas ≥ 0.75 mm, but further study is needed to define indications for SLNB in melanomas < 0.75 mm.
Notch Signaling Plays a Critical Role in Motility and Differentiation of Human First-Trimester Cytotrophoblasts
Authors: Haider Sandra , Meinhardt Gudrun , Velicky Philipp , Otti Gerlinde R. , Whitley Guy , Fiala Christian , Pollheimer Jürgen , Knöfler Martin
Published: November 2013

Failures in human extravillous trophoblast (EVT) development could be involved in the pathogenesis of pregnancy diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms have been poorly characterized. Here, we provide evidence that Notch signaling could represent a key regulatory pathway controlling trophoblast proliferation, motility, and differentiation. Immunofluorescence of first-trimester placental tissues revealed expression of Notch receptors (Notch2 and Notch3) and membrane-anchored ligands (delta-like ligand [DLL] 1 and -4 and Jagged [JAG] 1 and -2) in villous cytotrophoblasts (vCTBs), cell column trophoblasts (CCTs), and EVTs. Notch4 and Notch1 were exclusively expressed in vCTBs and in CCTs, respectively. Both proteins decreased in Western blot analyses of first-trimester, primary cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) differentiating on fibronectin. Luciferase reporter analyses suggested basal, canonical Notch activity in SGHPL-5 cells and primary cells that was increased upon seeding on DLL4-coated dishes and diminished in the presence of the Notch/γ-secretase inhibitors N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl-l-alanyl)]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) or L-685,458. Bromodeoxyuridine labeling, cyclin D1 mRNA expression, and cell counting indicated that chemical inhibition of Notch signaling elevated proliferation in the different primary trophoblast model systems. Notch inhibition also increased motility of SGHPL-5 cells through uncoated and fibronectin-coated Transwells, motility of primary CTBs, as well as migration in villous explant cultures on collagen I. Accordingly, small interfering RNA-mediated gene silencing of Notch1 also elevated SGHPL-5 cell migration. In contrast, motility of primary cultures and SGHPL-5 cells was diminished in the presence of DLL4. Moreover, DAPT increased markers of differentiated EVT, ie, human leukocyte antigen G1, integrin α5, and T-cell factor 4, whereas DLL4 provoked the opposite. In summary, the data suggest that canonical Notch signaling impairs motility and differentiation of first-trimester CTBs.
Diabetes and Pregnancy: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Blumer Ian , Hadar Eran , Hadden David R , Jovanovič Lois , Mestman Jorge H , Murad M Hassan , Yogev Yariv
Published: November 2013

Objective

Our objective was to formulate a clinical practice guideline for the management of the pregnant woman with diabetes.

Participants

The Task Force was composed of a chair, selected by the Clinical Guidelines Subcommittee of The Endocrine Society, 5 additional experts, a methodologist, and a medical writer.

Evidence

This evidence-based guideline was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to describe both the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence.

Consensus Process

One group meeting, several conference calls, and innumerable e-mail communications enabled consensus for all recommendations save one with a majority decision being employed for this single exception.

Conclusions

Using an evidence-based approach, this Diabetes and Pregnancy Clinical Practice Guideline addresses important clinical issues in the contemporary management of women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes preconceptionally, during pregnancy, and in the postpartum setting and in the diagnosis and management of women with gestational diabetes during and after pregnancy.
Experienced teachers’ practical knowledge as part of teacher education
Authors: Meijer Paulien C.
Published: November 2013

Õpetaja praktilise teadmise sisusse ja olemusse süüvimine aitab paremini mõista õpetamise keerukust ning võimaldab algajal õpetajal arendada oma teadmisi pedagoogika ja õpetaja praktilise töö vahelistest seostest. Seetõttu on õpetaja praktiline teadmine õpetajatöö alusteadmiste asendamatu osa. Samas on õpetaja praktilise teadmise uurimine näidanud, et kogenud õpetajate teadmised võivad suuresti erineda. Nii ei ole lihtne vastata küsimusele, kuidas oleks võimalik sellist tüüpi teadmist kasutada õpetajakoolituses. Algaja õpetaja suunamine praktiseeriva õpetaja juhendamise alla ei taga automaatselt professionaalsust õpetamisel. Seetõttu kasutavad õpetajakoolitust pakkuvad õppeasutused vähemasti kolme metoodilist lahendust: a) juhtumiuuringuid, b) kogenud õpetajate praktilise teadmise analüüsi ning c) kogenud ja algajate õpetajate ühisõpetamist praktilise teadmise jagamise eesmärgil. Käesolevas artiklis kirjeldatakse, kuidas nimetatud kolmel viisil rakendada õpetaja praktilist teadmist õpetajakoolituses. Artiklis jõutakse järeldusele, et tõelise efekti saavutamiseks professionaalses arengus peavad algajad õpetajad suutma seostada praktilise teadmise nii uurimispõhise teadmisega kui ka neil juba olemasoleva teadmisega ja oma kutsetegevuse perspektiividega.
Summary
Modelling instructional planning skills and developing a questionnaire for their investigation
Authors: Koni Ingrid , Krull Edgar
Published: November 2013

Eduka õpetajatöö üks olulisi eeldusi on õppetöö planeerimise oskus, mille jaoks on vajalikud nii teoreetilised kui ka praktilised teadmised. Paraku on õppetöö planeerimise uurimine osutunud teadlastele üsna keeruliseks ülesandeks. Ühelt poolt on selle põhjus planeerimise kui protsessi enda keerulisus, teisalt aga tõdemus, et kõike pole võimalik planeerida. Uurimuse eesmärk oli luua usaldusväärne küsimustik õpetajate planeerimisoskuste uurimiseks. Teoreetilise mudeli loomisel tugineti formaalse teadmisena Gage’i ja Berlineri (1998) õpetamise põhiülesannete mudelile ning õpetaja mõtlemisprotsesside avaldumisele kolmes õppetöö etapis (Eggen & Kauchak, 2013). Selle tulemusena koosneb küsimustik viiest suuremast teemavaldkonnast, milleks on eesmärkide määratlemine, õpilaste/klassi eripära arvestamine, õppimise ja motivatsiooni mõistmine ning saadud teadmiste rakendamine, õppemeetodite väljavalimine ja rakendamine ning õpitulemuste hindamine. Iga valdkonna küsimused on püstitatud mudeli alusel ja esitatud Likert-tüüpi viiepallilistel skaaladel.
Summary
Investigating the internalization of professional role expectations among pre-service teachers
Authors: Leijen Äli , Kullasepp Katrin , Ots Aivar
Published: November 2013

Artiklis tutvustatakse õpetaja professionaalse rolli internaliseerimise uurimiseks loodud testi. Õpetaja professionaalse identiteedi kujunemist võib käsitleda vastava sotsiaalse rolli internaliseerimisena, mis võib leida aset ainult sotsiokultuurilises kontekstis, pakkudes personaalse kultuuri loomiseks semiootiliselt vahendatud teavet (Valsiner & Rosa, 2007). Semiootilise materjali vahendamist isiku ja keskkonna vahel saab kirjeldada internaliseerimise ja eksternaliseerimisena (Valsiner, 2001). Kirjeldatava testi puhul kasutati isiku ja keskkonna dialoogi mõtestamiseks intrapsüühilisel tasandil dialoogilise mina teooriat (Hermans & Hermans-Konopka, 2010), mis võimaldab jälgida isiku aktuaalseid rolle, nende seoseid ja muutumist.
Tutvustatava testi koostamisel tugineti Kullasepa (2008) ning Leijeni ja Kullasepa (2013a) loodud mõõtevahenditele. Test koosneb üheksast ülesandest, kus vastajal tuleb õpetajatööga seotud dilemma kirjelduse põhjal nimetada ja seletada vastavas olukorras tekkivaid tundeid.
Uuringus osales 109 õpetajakoolituse üliõpilast. Eeldati, et õpetajakoolituses kaugemale jõudnud ja suurema pedagoogilise töö kogemusega isikute vastused väljendavad enam professionaalse rolli omaksvõtmist. Tulemused kinnitasid nimetatud seost töökogemuse ja professionaalse rolli omaksvõtmise vahel. Suurema töökogemusega üliõpilaste vastused kajastasid teistega võrreldes sagedamini internaliseeritud professionaalset mina-positsiooni.
Summary
TO A QUESTION OF EDUCATION QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF GRAMMAR SCHOOL’S INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Дворянцева  , Dvoryantseva Svetlana , Панкова  , Pankova Irina
Published: November 2013

Authors describe approaches to education

quality management in a grammar school and prove

the importance of specially organized systematic

work with pupils and teachers. The special attention

is paid to infrastructure of educational institution for

providing quality education. The significant part is

assigned to questions of education quality ensuring,

experimental and innovative activity within implementation

of programs related to city’s experimental

platforms.
ACTIVITY APPROACH IN PROFESSIONAL ADAPTATION
Authors: Родионов  , Rodionov V. , Валюженич  , Valyuzhenich M. , Ступницкая  , Stupnitskaya M.
Published: November 2013

In presented paper the authors consider the process of fi rst-year students’ adaptation as higher school’s psychological and pedagogical problem. The paper authors identify such forms of activity approach as training (training occupations) and design activity qua optimization adaptation methods. Also in the paper the

attention has been paid to an assessment of efficiency related to psychological and pedagogical work with first year students, in particular, to adaptation training.
COMPETENCE-BASED APPROACH AS A PROMISING TECHNOLOGY FOR STATE CIVIL SERVANTS APPRAISAL
Authors: Казарян  , Kazaryan I. , Вотинцева  , Votintseva A.
Published: November 2013

Competence-based approach is described as a powerful tool for human resources selection, appraisal, training and developing/ Advantages, main features and current trends in practicing this approach at the civil service are highlighted. Major legal acts enacted in the RF for regulating personnel management at the state civil service.
RECRUITMENT MARKET T RENDS
Authors: Ерыгина  , Erygina A.
Published: November 2013

The paper covers the issues of the personnel selection. Recent labor

market and recruitment statistics are analyzed including data on hiring

and discharges of workers. The essence of personnel recruitment and

selection services and its impact on the economic stance of this country

are emphasized.
REGULATING THE YOUNG PROFESSIONALS LABOR MARKET
Authors: Гагаринский  , Gagarinskiy A. , Брязгунова  , Bryazgunova Yu.
Published: November 2013

Unemployment among young professionals is an objective problwm and

impedes economic development. Lack of work experience and relevant

practical professional skills reduces the competitiveness of youth. In

order to loose tension of this problem the author proposes to engage in

the regulation process all its stakeholders, especially the unemployed

youth. As practical measures it is proposed to develop small business, to

boost investment appeal of a region, to found and operate premises for

regular practical training of young professionals.
JOB-RELATED EXPERIENCE AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIER TO PERSONNEL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Сыманюк  , Symanyuk E.
Published: November 2013

The category of «experience» is discussed and evolution of approaches

to understanding this phenomenon is traced. The concept of «barrier» is

defi ned, its role and functions in the context of personality theory are

considered. The author outlines consequent stages of job-related experience

formation and comparative features of each stage. It is noted that

the inhibitory infl uence of job-related experience on personnel development

tends to grow, the more professional stereotypes get enrooted.
Balanced system of indicators: content, improvement ways
Authors: Васильева  , Vasileva Elena
Published: November 2013

The balanced system of indicators used in strategic planning is considered in this paper. Private and generalizing indicators of basic and functional strategies, as well as strategic plan’s indicators are given. The structure and criteria of efficiency assessment related to enterprise’s responsibility centers are given, and also the matrix information model of plant’s planning section is examplified.
On two examples of overestimate expenses explanation
Authors: Высокий  , Vysokiy Victor
Published: November 2013

The use of limit analysis methods in relation to labor activity stimulation is considered in this paper. Contracts’ parameters in the sphere of intermediary services related to real estate sale and in the sphere of design orders implementation are investigated. Mechanisms of payment level deviation in these spheres from equilibrium values, characteristic in the markets of these services, are analyzed.
The development of innovative entrepreneurial university
Authors: Кулясова  , Kulyasova A.
Published: November 2013

The problem of entrepreneurial university development in Russia is considered in this paper. Various statistic data which shows this conception effectiveness have been reduced and analyzed.
Objective and subjective sides dividend policies
Authors: Галанов  , Galanov Vladimir
Published: November 2013

The economic equivalence related to policy of payment and nonpayment of joint-stock company’s dividends at the negative subjective attitude of ordinary shareholders to decisions on nonpayment of dividends by the company is proved in this paper.
Creating images in political discourse: political leaders and political events in suggestive limelight
Authors: Яковлева  , Yakovleva Elena , Агаджанян  , Agadzhanyan R.
Published: November 2013

The article focuses on specific features of communication in political discourse, particularly on creating an image of a politician by linguistic and psychological means. The authors’ hypothesis takes into account the aesthetic impact of speeches of political leaders — the material that serves as the basis revealing its suggestive potential. The latter may be subjected to further analysis in terms of linguistic and assessment criteria.
EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Authors: Ермаков  , Ermakov Dmitriy
Published: November 2013

The decade of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), which

has been declared by United Nations, is ending in 2014. That is while the preliminary results should be summarized, and this area’s prospects should be defined. In this paper the essence of ESD, in which several trends (adaptation, formalization, modernization, reformation and transformation) are emphasized from viewpoint of their content has been considered. The ESD’s main psychopedagogical and socio-ecological characteristics have been generalized. It has been demonstrated that there is no the ESD’s universal model. The results of Russian initiatives’ monitoring in the ESD area on all levels of education (from pre-school till postgraduate) have been presented. According to poll of experts the assessment of degree of implementation related to Strategy of the United Nations’ European Economic Commission for ESD has been given. The pedagogical potential of ESD has been revealed as well as diffi culties related to ESD establishing in the Russian Federation.
FEATURES RELATED TO EVALUATION LEVEL OF REGULATORY UNIVERSAL LEARNING ACTIVITIES FORMATION IN THE PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Титаренко  , Titarenko Natalya , Волчегорская  , Volchegorskaya Evgeniya , Лукьянович  , Lukyanovich Anna
Published: November 2013

Today views on the system of evaluation of universal learning activities level are considered in this paper. Several classifi cations of criteria related to regulatory universal learning activities evaluation have been identified. Psychological and pedagogical approaches to regulatory processes definition have been considered. The authors have provided a detailed description related to mechanisms of evaluation of regulatory universal learning activities’ formation level. Within the frame of the fi rst approach have been proposed specific examples of some psychological methods for evaluation the regulatory universal learning activities’ formation level. Within the frame of the second approach, the authors have examined various types of regulatory ULA evaluation process organization: during the execution of educational and practical tasks by means of academic subjects, during the performance of complex tasks on interdisciplinary basis, in the course of individual oral interview.
SOME FACTORS INFLUENCING THE QUALITY OF SCHOOLCHILDREN TEACHING TO NATURAL-MATHEMATICAL CYCLE SUBJECTS (ON TEACHERS’ QUESTIONNAIRE MATERIALS)
Authors: Голубева  , Golubeva Lyudmila , Ильина  , Ilina Nina
Published: November 2013

Results of the pre-design research conducted by an experimental site of the Russian Academy of Education on the theme “Improvement of Quality of Schoolchildren Teaching to Natural-Mathematical Cycle Subjects” have been presented in this paper. As a result of Krasnoyarsk region teachers’ questionnaire the factors influencing the quality of schoolchildren teaching to natural-mathematical cycle subjects (additional functionality of teachers, combination of main subject teaching along with other subjects, high hourly loading, etc.) have been revealed. Teachers answered the questions connected with the primary professional activity, additional loading, development of professional competence, teachers’ own potential. On the basis of pre-design research results the group of authors has offered development and implementation of special action program directed on change of teaching conditions (personnel, organizational and administrative, organizational and methodical) to these subjects at regional and municipal level.
The codification of commercial law: from idea to realization
Authors: Батрова Татьяна , Batrova Tatiana
Published: November 2013

The question of the independence of trade law is often associated with the presence of the Commercial Code, along with civil, that formally should indicate the position of the legislator regarding necessity of the structural separation of the relevant legal standards. Based on the analysis of foreign law, the author considers the peculiarities of the codification of commercial law in the period since 17th century to the present, analyzes the causes and characteristics of its implementation in the various national legal systems, and assess the status and prospects of the codification of commercial law at the national and supranational level.
General characteristic of the objective features of the components of crimes, committing against the interests of investors
Authors: Лапшин Валерий , Lapshin Valeriy
Published: November 2013

The article presents the legal reasoning of separating a new isolated group among the crimes in the sphere of economic activity (chapter 22 of the Criminal Code) — crimes against the interests of investors. It is suggested the author’s characterization of the legally significant features of the object and the objective side of the components of crimes of the marked group. Besides, the article contains evidences of some shortcomings of the legislative technique of construction of majority of criminal norms, providing for responsibility for breach of the interests of investors (art. 185–185.6 of the Criminal Code).
Progressive taxation: an aesthetic and moral defense
Authors: Чен Джим , Chen James Ming
Published: November 2013

The power to tax is at once the power to create and the power to destroy. If the United States government hopes to discharge its primary duty as creator and protector of its citizens’ wealth, it must be willing to destroy wealth, from time to time, by redistributing it. More than any other tool, the means by which government finances and depletes its treasury affects the societal distribution of wealth. Differential taxation and targeted spending are the most significant and most effective means by which government can «gradually and continually… correct the distribution of wealth to prevent concentrations of power detrimental to the fair value of political liberty and fair equality of opportunity». Redistribution and

the attendant destruction of entrenched wealth serve as society’s ultimate weapons of «creative destruction». Of the many forces that

have propelled the United States to the economic, political, social, and military pinnacle of the modern world, its willingness to countenance radical technological and organizational upheaval probably ranks first. American prosperity depends on the federal government’s commitment to an economic environment in which citizens are able not only to amass large amounts of new wealth, but also to lose it in rapid and remorseless fashion.
High-Sensitivity Troponin as a Predictor of Cardiac Events and Mortality in the Stable Dialysis Population
Authors: Hassan Hicham Cheikh , Howlin Kenneth , Jefferys Andrew , Spicer Stephen T , Aravindan Ananthakrishnapuram N , Suryanarayanan Govindarajan , Hall Bruce M , Cleland Bruce D , Wong Jeffrey K , Suranyi Michael G , Makris Angela
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND

High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) is a biomarker used in diagnosing myocardial injury. The clinical utility and the variation of this biomarker over time remain unclear in hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We sought to determine whether hs-cTnT concentrations were predictive of myocardial infarction (MI) and death and to examine hs-cTnT variability over a 1-year period.

METHODS

A total of 393 nonacute HD and PD patients (70% HD and 30% PD) were followed in a prospective observational study for new MI and death.

RESULTS

Median hs-cTnT was 57 ng/L (interquartile range, 36–101 ng/L) with no observed difference between HD and PD patients (P = 0.11). Incremental increases in mortality (P = 0.024) and MI (P = 0.001) were observed with increasing hs-cTnT quartiles. MI incidence increased significantly across quartiles in both HD and PD patients (P = 0.012 and P = 0.025, respectively), whereas mortality increased only in HD patients (P = 0.015). For every increase of 25 ng/L in hs-cTnT, the unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 1.10 for mortality in the whole group (95% CI, 1.04–1.16, P = 0.001) and 1.16 for MI (95% CI, 1.08–1.23, P < 0.001). Adjusted HR for mortality was 1.07 (95% CI, 1.01–1.15, P = 0.04) and 1.14 for MI (95% CI, 1.06–1.22, P < 0.001). Changes in hs-cTnT from baseline concentrations after 1 year were minimal (55 ng/L vs 53 ng/L, P = 0.22) even in patients who had an MI (P = 0.53).

CONCLUSIONS

hs-cTnT appears to have a useful role in predicting MI and death in the dialysis population. Over a 1-year period concentrations remained stable even in patients who sustained a new cardiac event.
As if the patient were in the classroom: Video-based enquiry into the absent body in medical education
Authors: Koski Kaisu
Published: November 2013

This article discusses video-based enquiry as a means to explore representations of the human body in medical education. A video piece, Preclinical Body, will be considered as a case study introducing different views on the body, as offered in medical education. Methodological questions are central in this article as it both maps the parameters of the video-based, performative, and narrative outcomes, and draws connections between associated approaches of visual anthropology, ethnotheatre and narrative enquiry. This article parallels a data analysis with a video editing process, and introduces a synthesis of the data and the researcher’s interpretation in a new video narrative.
Comparação do uso de drogas entre universitários brasileiros, norte-americanos e jovens da população geral brasileira
Authors: Eckschmidt Frederico , Andrade Arthur Guerra de , Oliveira Lúcio Garcia de
Published: November 2013

OBJETIVO: Comparar o uso de drogas entre os universitários e a população geral brasileira, assim como com os universitários norte-americanos, identificando possíveis diferenças de uso pela interferência da cultura. MÉTODOS: Para comparar o uso de drogas na vida entre as populações de interesse, foram utilizados os dados públicos de levantamentos estatísticos brasileiros realizados com universitários e a população geral, assim como levantamento estatístico norte-americano, por meio da comparação de intervalos de confiança (IC 95%). RESULTADOS: O uso de drogas na vida é mais frequente entre os estudantes norte-americanos, que relatam usar mais tabaco, tranquilizantes, maconha, ecstasy, alucinógenos, cocaína, crack e heroína que os universitários brasileiros. Em contrapartida, os universitários brasileiros relatam usar quase duas vezes mais inalantes do que os universitários norte-americanos. Esse padrão se repete ao se analisarem as diferenças intragênero. A isso se soma que os universitários brasileiros parecem envolver-se com mais frequência no uso de bebidas alcoólicas, maconha, tranquilizantes, inalantes, alucinógenos e anfetamínicos que seus pares da população geral brasileira. CONCLUSÕES: Conhecer as particularidades do uso de drogas entre os universitários é de suma importância para a detecção precoce desse consumo. Investimentos nesse segmento e diferenças de sexo devem ser contempladas nas políticas preventivas, assim como na elaboração de estratégias para a redução e o controle desse consumo, como programas de triagem e intervenção breve, uma vez que possuem a melhor relação custo-benefício.
Equivalência de estímulos e redução de dificuldades na solução de problemas de adição e subtração
Authors: Henklain Marcelo Henrique Oliveira , Carmo João dos Santos
Published: November 2013

Foi avaliado se a formação de classes de equivalência entre quatro tipos de problemas de adição aumenta a porcentagem de acertos em problemas com diferentes formas de apresentação, posições da incógnita e estruturas semânticas. Participaram oito estudantes do 2º ao 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental, com baixa porcentagem de acertos na resolução de problemas de adição e subtração. Após a formação da classe de equivalência ocorreram mais acertos em todos os tipos de problemas. Investigou-se, então, o efeito do ensino de algoritmos sobre esse desempenho. Não foi observado um padrão homogêneo de melhora após esse ensino. No teste de generalização, os participantes não cometeram erros. Verificou-se que os procedimentos adotados contribuíram para a melhora da eficácia do comportamento de resolver problemas.