bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental in-plane performance of insulated concrete and brick masonry wall panels retrofitted using polymer composites
Authors: Ismail Najif , El-Maaddawy Tamer , Najmal Amanullah , Khattak Nouman
Published: July 2019

Masonry infilled reinforced concrete frame buildings built prior to the introduction of modern seismic provisions have been observed to undergo damage in and around the masonry infill walls during most recent moderate to severe earthquakes. Fibre reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) is one of several retrofitting options available to limit such earthquake induced damage to infill walls. An experimental program was undertaken herein to experimentally investigate the effectiveness of FRCM as a strengthening solution for vintage (i.e. built between 1880 and 1930) un-reinforced brick masonry (URM) and insulated concrete masonry (IMU) infill walls. A total of 16 masonry assemblages were tested under in-plane diagonal load, of these 8 were constructed replicating vintage URM whereas the remainder were constructed using modern IMU. IMU is a preferred masonry type in hot and humid regions owing to its superior insulting capability. Different polymer fabrics (i.e., carbon, glass and basalt) were applied over both faces of test walls, with two replicate test walls receiving the same FRCM strengthening details. One test wall of each masonry type was tested as-built to serve as a control specimen for comparison. One wall of each masonry type received two layers of basalt FRCM. The investigated aspects included stress-strain behaviour, stiffness, and ductility. Shear strength increment observed due to single layer of FRCM application was 422-778% for vintage URM and 307-415% for modern IMU. FRCM also substantially increased the ductility capacity of the masonry assemblages.
The Brussels International Business Court: Initial Overview and Analysis
Authors: Peetermans Erik , Lambrecht Philippe
Published: July 2019

The Brussels International Business Court: Initial Overview and Analysis

In establishing the Brussels International Business Court (BIBC), Belgium is following an international trend to attract international business disputes to English-speaking state courts. The BIBC will be an autonomous business court with the competence to settle, in English, disputes between companies throughout Belgium. This article focuses on the BIBC’s constitutionality, composition, competence, proceedings and funding, providing a brief analysis and critical assessment of each of these points. At the time of writing, the Belgian Federal Parliament has not yet definitively passed the Bill establishing the BIBC, meaning that amendments are still possible.
Significante denkers en hun oeuvre
Authors: Daems Tom , van Stokkom Bas
Published: July 2019

Significant thinkers and their oeuvre: meanings, controversies and digital excavation

In this article Tom Daems and Bas van Stokkom reflect upon what it means to argue that an author or text is ‘significant’ and the role and function the study of classical or significant texts can have in our current times.
‘Lid van het Nederlandse matriciaat’
Authors: van Stokkom Bas , Schuilenburg Marc
Published: July 2019

‘Member of the Dutch female dignitary’: interview with Abram de Swaan

In this article Bas van Stokkom and Marc Schuilenburg discuss work and life of the Dutch sociologist Abram de Swaan. The article is based on an interview the authors conducted with de Swaan as well as themes that de Swaan developed in his published work. The article discusses in particular themes such as violence and compartimentalization, the work of Norbert Elias, and public sociology.
Hollandse (on)hebbelijkheden
Authors: van Stokkom Bas , Kool Renée
Published: July 2019

Dutch (un)mannerliness: interview with Chrisje Brants

In this article Bas van Stokkom and Renée Kool discuss work and life of the Dutch comparative legal scholar Chrisje Brants. The article is based on an interview the authors conducted with Brants as well as themes that Brants developed in her published work. The article discusses in particular themes such as comparative research, the Utrecht School, and the role of criminal law.
‘Liever het landschap dan de struiken’
Authors: Daems Tom , van Stokkom Bas
Published: July 2019

‘I prefer the landscape over the bushes’: Interview with Hans Boutellier

In this article Tom Daems and Bas van Stokkom discuss work and life of the Dutch social psychologist Hans Boutellier. The article is based on an interview the authors conducted with Boutellier in December 2018 as well as his published work. The article discusses in particular themes such as the morality of crime, the emancipation of victims, and processes of secularisation.
Nog steeds tussen kritiek en realisme?
Authors: Cools Marc
Published: July 2019

Chris Eliaerts on criminology: still between critique and realism?

In this article Marc Cools discusses work and life of the Belgian lawyer and criminologist Chris Eliaerts. The article is based on an interview the author conducted with Eliaerts as well as his published work. The article discusses in particular themes such as teaching and research in criminology at VU Brussels in particular and Belgium in general.
Reliability-operational analysis of fixed gas fire extinguishing equipment integrated with fire signalling systems
Authors: Klimczak Tomasz , Paś Jacek
Published: July 2019

Fire protection of server rooms and data processing centres, located in public buildings, uses fire extinguishing equipment known as fixed gas fire extinguishing devices (SUG-G). The extinguishing medium (gas in tanks) should be stored at a location indicated in the fire scenario and in the technical contractor project for SUG-G. SUG-G is intended to extinguish a fire in its initial stages and to prevent fire spreading. The fire signalling central station (CSP) receives a fire signal from a group of sensors located in the protected premise and notifies the Fire Brigade (PS), whilst the fire extinguishing control room automatically starts the gas extinguishing process. Such use of a signalling and extinguishing system results in a redundant system. This improves reliability of the fire signalling system (SSP), which is responsible for safety inside the building.
Keywords: sensor, operation, fire signalling systems.
The State of Volunteering Infrastructure Globally
Authors:   United Nations Volunteers (UNV)
Published: July 2019

This paper provides an overview of the state of volunteering infrastructure globally. The study that informs this paper was originally commissioned as background research to the State of the World’s Volunteerism Report 2018. Different kinds of data provide the basis for the analysis. The main global trends identified are the continued expansion and convergence of volunteering infrastructure; innovations in technology, modalities and partnerships; and new support for inclusion through volunteering. Key trends are also matched with challenges that show the tensions and contradictions inherent in volunteering infrastructure as affected by the context and the available resources. The findings also highlight that not all volunteering infrastructure is positive and that some interventions can have negative consequences for volunteerism by being restrictive, repressive, and exclusive.
Fear of Falls in Wheelchair Users
Authors: Tomeček Jakub , Skotáková Alena
Published: July 2019

The article deals with the issue of fear of falls in wheelchair users and the change in fall concerns after completing a self-defense course. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a self-defense course for wheelchair users on their fear of falls. To collect data we used a questionnaire and participant observation in the lessons of self-defense for wheelchair users. The participants filled in the questionnaires at the beginning and at the end of the course.The results show that the course of self-defense has an effect on wheelchair users´ fear of falls. This effect differs depending on the type of disability of the participant and on the level of self-confidence. We can claim that the participants with a low level of fear at the beginning of the course this attitude has shifted slightly and they became more aware of potential threats. On the contrary, the participants whose level of fear was high, those fears were reduced and their attitude towards a potential fall is slightly more relaxed.
Identidade e Ensino da Filosofia: correspondências e problematizações
Authors: Velasco Patrícia Del Nero , Barros Caterine Zapata Zilio , Bonote Michele Teixeira , Oggioni Sergio Da Costa , Pintor Vinícius Defillo
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo constitui-se a partir da seguinte tese defendida por Alejandro Cerletti na obra O ensino de filosofia como problema filosófico: os questionamentos sobre o que é filosofia e o que significa ensiná-la mantêm estreita relação, enlaçando aspectos cruciais da atividade filosófica. Fruto de um exercício proposto na disciplina Filosofia do Ensino de Filosofia do Curso de Licenciatura em Filosofia da Universidade Federal do ABC, o texto tem como objetivo apresentar diferentes ensaios sobre as correlações entre o que é filosofia e o que seria o ensino de filosofia nessas distintas perspectivas, problematizando-as.
A filosofia na reforma curricular do Ensino Médio pós LDB: habilidades e competências na formação para a cidadania
Authors: Fávero Altair Alberto , Kapczynski Ana Lucia
Published: July 2019

A necessidade de caracterizar a filosofia como disciplina escolar motivou esta pesquisa documental em torno do planejamento curricular, com enfoque na seleção dos conteúdos mínimos para a base nacional comum. Nosso objetivo é compreender as diretrizes para o ensino de filosofia previsto pela reforma curricular no Ensino Médio em contextos de transição da formação instrumental científico-tecnológica, de caráter elitista e propedêutico, para a formação cidadã baseada nos ideais de humanismo e diversidade. Para tanto nos baseamos especificamente nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais de 1999. Nesse período entrou em cena a universalização do Ensino Médio com a proposta de formação geral em substituição à educação técnica por especialidades. Priorizou-se o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências em quatro grandes áreas, incluindo as linguagens e seus códigos, os conhecimentos de matemática e as ciências Naturais e Humanas. A flexibilidade e a contextualização elevaram a seleção dos conteúdos ao segundo plano, relegando à filosofia o caráter interdisciplinar para o diálogo com a ciência e a tecnologia, ao desenvolvimento da leitura, da problematização, da análise e da escrita a partir das dimensões ética (identidade autônoma), estética (sensibilidade) e política (equidade e democracia)
Experiências Metodológicas de Ensino no Pibid Filosofia da Universidade Federal do Ceará
Authors: Costeski Evanildo , Almeida José Carlos Silva de
Published: July 2019

O presente relato apresenta duas experiências metodológicas de ensino de filosofia desenvolvidas no âmbito do subprojeto PIBID Filosofia da Universidade Federal do Ceará, nas quais os conteúdos filosóficos ministrados valorizam a vivência do discente como ponto de partida para a reflexão e ao qual se busca, ao fim do processo, transformar a sua realidade cotidiana.
Pre-Press The Writer as a Patient with a Brain Tumour
Authors: Pereyra Soledad
Published: July 2019

This article main concern is how professional authors and intellectuals develop illness narratives addressing the experience of having a brain tumour, and how this condition resorts to specific narratological features. Unlike pathographies written by laypersons, autobiographical accounts of illness developed by writers, and intellectuals create a narrative subjectivity that is specifically linked to their professional status rather than to their patient status which is simultaneous with the narrative time. In this article, we analyse two autobiographical novels, addressing the experiences of two European authors and intellectuals suffering from a brain tumour: A Journey Round My Skull (1939[1937]) by Frigyes Karinthy and Until Further Notice, I Am Alive (2012) by Tom Lubbock. These narratives on illness processes related to brain tumours are a place where writers resist the main symptoms and outcomes of this specific disease that, while affecting their cognitive capacities, seem to deprive them of their self-image as writers. Hence, these writings are based on the realignment of their past and present identities (Rimmon-Kenan, 2002: 15-18) always in connection with their images as authors. The comparative analysis presented here is intended as a contribution from the field of literary studies to the understanding of subjectivity in patients, whose narratives are not written to seek cure or to search for a cause or meaning for the disease, but to fight the loss of the writer-patient creative identity and ‘ipseity’ (Derrida, 2009).
Les envers de la ville : de nouveaux paysages en poésie québécoise
Authors: Lepage Élise
Published: July 2019

Cet article s’intéresse à la représentation de paysages urbains jusqu’alors demeurés peu explorés dans la poésie québécoise contemporaine. En s’appuyant sur les théories du paysage développées entre autres par Alain Roger et Augustin Berque, il montre en quoi les représentations de Montréal sont en cours de déplacement : alors que le dernier quart du XXe siècle s’attachait à décrire le cœur de la métropole, son fourmillement, le brassage des cultures qui le caractérise, depuis le début des années 2000, ce sont d’autres facettes de Montréal qui émergent : les arrière- cours, les ruelles, la banlieue, des lieux marginaux, des quartiers industriels, des bâtisses désaffectées, certains quartiers trépidants de vie la journée, mais vides pendant la nuit. De cette question de la représentation paysagère proprement dite, la réflexion s’achemine ensuite vers deux praxis incontournables du paysage, soit le tourisme – fait sociétal majeur, mais pourtant très peu représenté en littérature – et le reniement de l’urbanité par elle-même – autrement dit lorsque la ville essaie de dissimuler ses traits distinctifs jusqu’à se diluer et perdre son essence. Ces pratiques paysagères conduisent finalement à une réflexion sur le concept de chôra, à la fois paysage et milieu qui valorise les interactions entre le paysage et les êtres qui l’habitent et qu’il habite réciproquement. Cette symbiose ou cette harmonie qu’évoque la chôra parait extrêmement fragile de nos jours.
¿Es el cooperativismo una vía para la formalización y el acceso al sistema de seguridad social en el trabajo sexual? Antecedentes internacionales y análisis de opinión para el caso uruguayo
Authors: Guerra Pablo
Published: July 2019

La relación entre el trabajo sexual, la prostitución y el cooperativismo no está exenta de polémicas, aún en países donde la prostitución está legalizada y se reconoce el estatus legal de trabajador/a sexual. En estos países la legislación cooperativa abre las puertas a la creación de cooperativas de trabajadores/as sexuales en la medida en que habilita en términos generales a cooperativizar cualquier actividad considerada legal. Aún así son muy pocos los casos en el mundo donde esta particular actividad ha dado lugar a emprendimientos cooperativos. En este artículo nos detendremos en describir los antecedentes internacionales para luego analizar el caso uruguayo a partir de una investigación que indaga la opinión de trabajadoras sexuales en relación a su seguridad social y la eventual posibilidad de constituir cooperativas como forma de formalizar su situación en el marco del trabajo autónomo y colectivo.
Dinámicas de regeneración en las cooperativas multinacionales de Mondragón: la reproducción del modelo cooperativo en las filiales capitalistas
Authors: Bretos Fernández Ignacio , Errasti Amozarrain Anjel Mari
Published: July 2019

Tras dos décadas inmersas en dinámicas de internacionalización que han fortalecido su competitividad y capacidad de generación de empleo y riqueza pero que, a su vez, han cuestionado su naturaleza democrática tradicional, las cooperativas multinacionales de la División Industrial de Mondragón Corporación vienen asumiendo desde hace unos años un discurso centrado en fomentar la participación de los trabajadores en sus filiales capitalistas. Sin embargo, hasta ahora las iniciativas adoptadas en esta dirección son escasas y sus resultados no parecen excesivamente relevantes. El presente trabajo se centra en esta disociación, profundizando en la problemática y las posibles soluciones para extender y reproducir el modelo cooperativo en las filiales mercantiles. Analizamos el caso de Fagor Ederlan, focalizando nuestro estudio empírico en la “cooperativización” de su filial de Tafalla, así como investigaremos la casuística más relevante que se concentra en sus filiales extranjeras
Capital social y redes sociales: analisis del Tercer Sector en contextos rurales
Authors: Saz Gil Isabel , Almaguer Kalixto Patricia , Gómez Quintero Juan David
Published: July 2019

El tercer sector de acción social (TSAS) es uno de los pilares del sistema de bienestar particularmente estratégico en zonas rurales. Tomando el estudio de caso como base, este trabajo analiza el TSAS de Teruel, una provincia de Aragón (España) con población mayoritariamente rural, dispersa, y escasa. Presentamos evidencia cuantitativa y cualitativa de las redes sociales existentes y las relaciones entre las organizaciones e instituciones relevantes para el sistema de bienestar. Las conclusiones abordan una sensación generalizada de pertenencia al sector y territorio, que se relaciona con una fuerte identificación con el espacio local. En este caso, el capital social prioriza la fortaleza de los vínculos intrínsecos dentro de las redes intra-territoriales, sobre las extrínsecas o extraterritoriales. Sin embargo, se percibe que se necesitan nuevas estrategias y capitales para reforzar la conexión con las redes externas para favorecer la sostenibilidad del sector.
La economía social desde el institucionalismo económico. Evidencia empírica
Authors: Alarcón Conde Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2019

La intención del trabajo es ofrecer una definición de Economía Social en sentido amplio desde principios del Institucionalismo Económico. Así, elementos como la persistencia en el hábito de la No Prioridad en el Ánimo de Lucro Personalista y las rutinas ejercidas por las entidades de la categoría, como son las Transferencias Sociales en Especie, resultan ser principios comunes a todas las entidades que componen la definición generalmente aceptada por los estudiosos del tema: la sugerida por el CIRIEC Internacional, ya recogida en la Carta de la Economía Social de la CEP-CEMAF en 2002, extensible a otras perspectivas inclusivas de actividades económicas que elevan valores humanos en nuestra sociedad.
Posibilidades del cooperativismo en un nuevo modelo de servicios públicos sociosanitarios y su concreción en el País Vasco
Authors: Merino Hernández Santiago
Published: July 2019

El artículo pretende reflexionar sobre las posibilidades de la fórmula cooperativa en relación a la prestación de los servicios públicos sociosanitarios en el País Vasco. Así, se comienza con un repaso al concepto jurídico de servicio público, atendiendo a las líneas de reforma que se están produciendo en el mismo, para pasar a continuación a las nuevas tendencias doctrinales sobre la gestión pública, la cual debe caracterizarse, a nuestro entender, por la eficacia y la participación de los administrados. Se abordan los diferentes instrumentos de gestión pública, y por ende de contratación pública, para atender a continuación a la necesaria  justificación de la fórmulacooperativa como la herramienta más adecuada para la gestión de lo público en el ámbito sociosanitario, algo que,si bien parte de un aspecto general, se concreta en el ámbito territorial vasco (Comunidad Autónoma del PaísVasco). En este marco territorial se analizan las políticas de promoción de las sociedades cooperativas, así comola singular normativa que regula las Cooperativas de Utilidad Pública y las de Iniciativa Social, sin olvidar las experienciashabidas en nuestro entorno más cercano. El artículo finaliza con la obligada fase conclusiva que nosproyectará al futuro con la esperanza del liderazgo de esta fórmula participativa.
El concepto de innovación social: ámbitos, definiciones y alcances teóricos
Authors: Hernández-Ascanio José , Tirado-Valencia Pilar , Ariza-Montes Antonio
Published: July 2019

En el presente trabajo se pretende, haciendo uso de la revisión bibliográfica sistemática, abordar una triple tarea. Por un lado, hacer un intento de clarificar terminológicamente el concepto de innovación social a través de una sistematización de las principales definiciones que sobre este concepto nos encontramos en la bibliografía. En segundo lugar, pretendemos llevar a cabo un seguimiento de como la definición del concepto se ha visto afectada por los diferentes momentos y contextos históricos en un intento de determinar posibles tendencias comunes, para terminar, en tercer lugar, poniendo de manifiesto cómo el concepto de innovación social se ha proyectado en diferentes disciplinas.
Uso y eficiencia de la social media. Un análisis desde la economía social
Authors: Fernández Uclés Domingo , Mozas Moral Adoración , Bernal Jurado Enrique , Medina Viruel Miguel Jesús
Published: July 2019

Las sociedades cooperativas no están ajenas al fenómeno social y tecnológico que ha despuntado en la Red durante principios de siglo, aunando a miles de millones de personas y que ha generado un indiscutible impacto en la sociedad; estamos haciendo mención a las redes sociales virtuales. Concretamente, nos centramos en el sector de productos ecológicos, también de creciente importancia en la sociedad, tal y como refleja la senda de continuo desarrollo de este mercado y, en particular, en el sector del aceite de oliva, en el que España ocupa una posición de privilegio a nivel mundial. De esta forma, el objetivo del trabajo se centra en el análisis de la penetración y utilización de estas herramientas virtuales por parte del tejido empresarial oleícola ecológico, haciendo especial distinción en las entidades que pertenecen a la Economía Social, la amplia mayoría de ellas cooperativas. Así pues, aplicando diversas metodologías, entre las que destaca el método de análisis envolvente de datos (DEA) se obtienen unos resultados que muestran que, pese a la lentitud de las entidades de la Economía Social en hacer uso de las redes sociales virtuales, son precisamente estas organizaciones las que presentan unos mayores índices de eficiencia en lo que respecta a la utilización de estos medios.
Economía colaborativa: un nuevo mercado para la economía social
Authors: Alfonso Sánchez Rosalía
Published: July 2019

Con la expresión “economía colaborativa” se hace referencia a los nuevos sistemas de producción y consumo de bienes y servicios surgidos gracias a los avances de la tecnología de la información para intercambiar y compartir dichos bienes y/o servicios a través de plataformas digitales. Sin embargo, muchos estudios apuntan que la economía colaborativa tiene poco de este adjetivo pues tales plataformas no comparten ni la propiedad ni los beneficios con los usuarios que son quienes generan valor dentro de ellas. Surge así el “platform cooperativism”, movimiento que propugna que las plataformas sean propiedad de quienes proporcionan los recursos que las hacen funcionar -ya sea en forma de trabajo, bienes o como consumidores-, que se gobiernan de forma democrática y que reparten beneficios entre sus copropietarios productores-consumidores. Es la extensión de los fundamentos de las cooperativas a las plataformas colaborativas; una manera diferente de hacer “sharing economy”.
CLUN: Concentración por fusión de tres cooperativas lácteas en el cooperativismo agrario en Galicia
Authors: Bastida Dominguez Maria , Olveira Blanco Ana , Cancelo Márquez Maite
Published: July 2019

El sector lácteo gallego, pese a ser un sector estratégico, se ha caracterizado tradicionalmente por un minifundismo que puede restar potencial competitivo a las empresas que operan en él -muchas, bajo fórmula cooperativa-. En este trabajo se describe el proceso de concentración de tres cooperativas lácteas -Feiraco, Os Irmandiños y Melisanto- a través de la creación de la cooperativa de segundo grado Unión de Cooperativas Lácteas Unidas (CLUN). Este proceso, junto a la actual fusión pilotada por la cooperativa AIRA, contribuye a redibujar el cooperativismo agrario y el sector lácteo en Galicia.El estudio se inicia con una breve descripción del sector agrario, y más en concreto lácteo, en Galicia, contextualizándolo en la evolución del sector en España. A continuación se describe el proceso de creación de CLUN, como ejemplo de concentración en el cooperativismo agrario gallego. Se describen las diferentes entidades que confluyen en la organización resultante, incluyendo las diferentes perspectivas del proceso. Por último, se identifican los retos que debe afrontar CLUN a medio plazo, para finalizar con un conjunto de conclusiones y recomendaciones que identifican un conjunto de buenas prácticas que pudieran contribuir al éxito en este y otros procesos de concentración similares. A este respecto, debe señalarse que el 1 de enero de 2019 CLUN se conforma como cooperativa de primer grado, consolidándose la fusión de las tres cooperativas. Esto sugiere que el proceso de reordenación del cooperativismo agrario en Galicia sigue muy activo, lo que redunda en el atractivo de su seguimiento como objeto de análisis.
La sinergia escuela - medios de comunicación. Un canal para erradicar el acoso escolar
Authors: García Sanmartín Pedro
Published: July 2019

Este manuscrito es un postulado para tratar de evidenciar, mediante la búsqueda y revisión de literatura singular, que con la posición privilegiada que ostentan los medios de comunicación actualmente para seducir y condicionar a los jóvenes y el poder de difusión de llegar a todos los rincones y culturas, estos pueden ser una herramienta esencial como canal pedagógico para transmitir los valores, ideas y conductas apropiadas para mejorar la calidad del sistema educativo, reducir el acoso escolar (sobre todo los casos de bullying o el ciberbullying), aportar alternativas a personas con ideación suicida y en definitiva enriquecer todas aquellas conductas que lleven a potenciar nuestro bienestar social. Los medios de comunicación son parte del sistema de socialización, y como tal son un instrumento de aprendizaje y mecanismo para el progreso de nuestra cultura. Y este mecanismo, a su vez, es parte de un engranaje que solo puede funcionar si hay un compromiso real entre estos y los lazos de unión a través de la sustentación de conciertos de colaboración y de equipos de trabajo con los diferentes agentes educadores. En este estudio, se mostrará conjuntamente, ciertos fenómenos que rodean algunos comportamientos sociales, como el efecto Werther, efecto Papagano o Mitos del suicidio, además de disertar sobre algunas teorías de la comunicación como la teoría Framing.
Accountable to Whom?: The Use of Media to Communicate Educational Accountability to Latino Families in a California Middle School
Authors: Hernandez Sera Jera
Published: July 2019

This paper explores how one Title I middle school in California responds to high-stakes accountability during an era of educational reform, and how one first-generation Latino immigrant family comes to understand the school’s focus on test scores, high expectations, and academic achievement. Drawing from a larger Language Socialization study that utilizes participation observation and interview data, the paper provides ethnographic snapshots to demonstrate the ways in which one school communicated under, with, and through high stakes educational reform policies via a variety of media while functioning under Program Improvement status, and how the focal family participated in and negotiated these draconian educational policies that became part of their everyday experience with schooling in the U.S.
New Pedagogical Challenges in the 21st Century - Contributions of Research in Education. Olga Bernad Cavero y Núria Llevot Calvet (Eds.)
Authors: Benabarre Ribalta Rosa
Published: July 2019

Reseña del libro “Nuevos desafíos pedagógicos en el siglo XXI - Contribuciones de la investigación en educación”, el cual aglutina con rigor científico algunos trabajos pioneros en el ámbito de la Educación y la Pedagogía. Editado por Olga Bernad y Núria Llevot.
Primate prefrontal neurons signal economic risk derived from the statistics of recent reward experience
Authors: Grabenhorst Fabian , Tsutsui Ken-Ichiro , Kobayashi Shunsuke , Schultz Wolfram
Published: July 2019

Risk derives from the variation of rewards and governs economic decisions, yet how the brain calculates risk from the frequency of experienced events, rather than from explicit risk-descriptive cues, remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether neurons in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex process risk derived from reward experience. Monkeys performed in a probabilistic choice task in which the statistical variance of experienced rewards evolved continually. During these choices, prefrontal neurons signaled the reward-variance associated with specific objects (‘object risk’) or actions (‘action risk’). Crucially, risk was not derived from explicit, risk-descriptive cues but calculated internally from the variance of recently experienced rewards. Support-vector-machine decoding demonstrated accurate neuronal risk discrimination. Within trials, neuronal signals transitioned from experienced reward to risk (risk updating) and from risk to upcoming choice (choice computation). Thus, prefrontal neurons encode the statistical variance of recently experienced rewards, complying with formal decision variables of object risk and action risk.
Cryo-EM structures and functional characterization of murine Slc26a9 reveal mechanism of uncoupled chloride transport
Authors: Walter Justin D , Sawicka Marta , Dutzler Raimund
Published: July 2019

The epithelial anion transporter SLC26A9 contributes to airway surface hydration and gastric acid production. Colocalizing with CFTR, SLC26A9 has been proposed as a target for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. To provide molecular details of its transport mechanism, we present cryo-EM structures and a functional characterization of murine Slc26a9. These structures define the general architecture of eukaryotic SLC26 family members and reveal an unusual mode of oligomerization which relies predominantly on the cytosolic STAS domain. Our data illustrates conformational transitions of Slc26a9, supporting a rapid alternate-access mechanism which mediates uncoupled chloride transport with negligible bicarbonate or sulfate permeability. The characterization of structure-guided mutants illuminates the properties of the ion transport path, including a selective anion binding site located in the center of a mobile module within the transmembrane domain. This study thus provides a structural foundation for the understanding of the entire SLC26 family and potentially facilitates their therapeutic exploitation.
Characterizing functional pathways of the human olfactory system
Authors: Zhou Guangyu , Lane Gregory , Cooper Shiloh L , Kahnt Thorsten , Zelano Christina
Published: July 2019

The central processing pathways of the human olfactory system are not fully understood. The olfactory bulb projects directly to a number of cortical brain structures, but the distinct networks formed by projections from each of these structures to the rest of the brain have not been well-defined. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and k-means clustering to parcellate human primary olfactory cortex into clusters based on whole-brain functional connectivity patterns. Resulting clusters accurately corresponded to anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory tubercle, and frontal and temporal piriform cortices, suggesting dissociable whole-brain networks formed by the subregions of primary olfactory cortex. This result was replicated in an independent data set. We then characterized the unique functional connectivity profiles of each subregion, producing a map of the large-scale processing pathways of the human olfactory system. These results provide insight into the functional and anatomical organization of the human olfactory system.
Development of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem through University’s New Companies
Authors: Vekić Aleksandar , Borocki Jelena , Fajsi Angela
Published: July 2019

Research Question: This paper explores the potential of new start-ups and spin-offs within the university capacity and their impact on the process of creating an entrepreneurial ecosystem. Motivation: The research presented in this paper is motivated by the desire to analyse the role of university in entrepreneurial ecosystem based on the real case of the University of Novi Sad. An insight into relevant literature sources revealed that there exists a large influence of university’s new companies in developing the entire business environment and business sustainability. This example could be relevant to similar universities in the other developing countries, because current literature covers only examples from developed countries. One of this is a research paper conducted by the Stanford University under the name “An analysis of the entrepreneurial activity of the Stanford community over 50 years”. Idea: The main idea is to present the importance of University’s new companies in creating an entrepreneurial ecosystem, and their impact on the creation of economic activity and sustainable development. Data: This research includes economic activity data of business entities at the University of Novi Sad. This paper presents data on new companies within the University of Novi Sad in the period 1990-2015 which were available, as well as data on companies in the territory of the Republic of Serbia, Vojvodina region and the City of Novi Sad. In this analysis, 123 companies from the University of Novi Sad were included. Tools: In this paper comparative statistics was used based on collected data of the total number of companies and the number of employees according to company’s size and geographical location. For the purpose of this research, we used interactive internet portals Trading Economics and IvanStat. Findings: According to the analysis, the University of Novi Sad is a prominent example of the establishment and operation of new companies founded within it. The percentage of companies that have survived in the observed period is high and it is approximately 63%. Contribution: This paper gives us an overview of newly founded companies (start-ups and spin-offs) within the University of Novi Sad, especially focusing on economic activity and creating conditions for sustainable development.
Anti‐TSNARE1 IgG plasma levels differ by sex in patients with schizophrenia in a Chinese population
Authors: Li Chan , Whelan Ruth , Yang Hua , Jiang Yaling , Qiu Chaosen , Meng Qingyong , Wei Jun
Published: July 2019

It was recently reported that levels of plasma IgG antibodies against peptide antigens derived from proteins encoded by schizophrenia‐associated genes are altered in individuals with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics. This study aimed to replicate the initial finding in antipsychotic‐naïve patients with first‐episode schizophrenia and to explore the possible mechanism by which immune tolerance of B cells may be altered in this disease. A total of 408 case–control plasma samples were collected for analysis of circulating IgG antibodies against fragments derived from TCF4, TSNARE1, ZNF804A, TRANK1, ERCC4, DPYD and CD25 using an in‐house ELISA. The Mann–Whitney U‐test revealed that patients with schizophrenia had a significant change in plasma anti‐TSNARE1 and anti‐CD25 IgG levels; male patients mainly contributed to the increased levels of anti‐TSNARE1 IgG and anti‐CD25 IgG. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the anti‐TSNARE1 IgG assay had an area under the ROC curve of 0.625 with a sensitivity of 15.7% and a specificity of 95.2%. Work on a B‐cell model revealed that TRANK1‐derived antigen treatments could enhance the proportions of CD83+ cells and apoptotic B cells when compared with TSNARE1‐derived antigen and vehicle treatment. We conclude that there is a gender difference in autoimmune responses in schizophrenia and suggest that anti‐TSNARE1 IgG may be indicative of schizophrenia in a subgroup of male patients.
Progress in Severe Plastic Deformation of Metastable Beta Ti Alloys
Authors: Zafari Ahmad , Xia Kenong
Published: July 2019

Metastable β Ti alloys can undergo martensitic transformation under stress. It is shown that such stress‐induced martensitic transformation (SIMT) can significantly facilitate grain refinement by severe plastic deformation (SPD), achieving β grain sizes of <50 nm, compared with >100 nm in β Ti alloys without SIMT. The martensitic α″ formed partitions the β grains and blocks dislocation movement, but undergoes reverse transformation back into β at large strains, leaving a pure β grain structure. The grain refinement can be further enhanced by increasing the strain rate to the order of 10–100 s−1, leading to β grains of <10 nm. SPD also has significant effect on the morphology of the α precipitates upon aging, transforming it from acicular to equiaxed. Although the α nucleus formed between recrystallized β grains of <≈10 nm follows the Burgers orientation relationship (BOR), the semicoherent interface is lost upon β grain growth during aging, causing its growth into equiaxed shape.
Superplasticity and High Strength in Al–Zn–Mg–Zr Alloy with Ultrafine Grains
Authors: Valiev Ruslan Z. , Kazykhanov Vil U. , Mavlyutov Aydar M. , Yudakhina Anna A. , Chinh Nguyen Q. , Murashkin Maxim Yu
Published: July 2019

Herein, the ultrafine‐grained (UFG) 7xxx series alloy Al–4.8Zn–1.2Mg–0.14Zr demonstrates superplasticity at unusually low temperatures of 120–170 °C while maintaining its high‐strength state. The UFG structure is formed by high pressure torsion (HPT) at room temperature (RT), which leads to a considerable increase in the strength characteristics by ≈60% compared with the material after conventional heat treatment T6. It is found that the UFG alloy exhibits thermostability when testing or annealing up to 170 °C. Deforming by tensile test at a strain rate of 10−4 s−1 and 10−3 s−1, the elongation to failure at 120 and 170 °C exceeds 250% and 500%, respectively, whereas the strain rate sensitivity reaches 0.45, which is a typical value characterizing superplastic deformation. After superplastic deformation, the UFG alloy maintains 25–50% higher strength characteristics at RT than that after conventional heat treatment T6. The origin of such superior behavior of the UFG alloy is discussed.
Effect of Initial Grain Size on Deformation Mechanism during High‐Pressure Torsion in V10Cr15Mn5Fe35Co10Ni25 High‐Entropy Alloy
Authors: Asghari-Rad Peyman , Sathiyamoorthi Praveen , Bae Jae Wung , Shahmir Hamed , Zargaran Alireza , Kim Hyoung Seop
Published: July 2019

The transition of the deformation mechanism from the dislocation slip‐mediated mechanism to the twin‐mediated mechanism with increasing grain size is a well‐observed phenomenon in materials with low stacking fault energy during compression/tensile tests. To understand this effect further at large strains, a V10Cr15Mn5Fe35Co10Ni25 (at%) high‐entropy alloy with two initial average grain sizes is processed by high‐pressure torsion (HPT) at different numbers of turns. The results indicate that initial grain size plays a significant role in the deformation mechanism during the HPT process. The fine‐grained (FG) sample exhibits only a tangled dislocation structure, whereas mechanical twins are observed along with the formation of dislocations in the coarse‐grained (CG) sample after the one‐fourth turn. High dislocation density is observed in the CG sample after the one‐fourth and first turn, which leads to a higher rate of hardness increment as compared with the FG sample. However, a similar microstructure and mechanical properties are observed after five turns of HPT processing in both FG and CG samples. After five turns, the microstructure consists of nanograins (average grain size ≈30 nm) with nanotwins, and the samples exhibit a very high ultimate tensile strength of ≈2 GPa with a reasonable elongation to failure of ≈6%.
Glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A (GRIN2A) gene polymorphism (rs4998386) and Parkinson's disease susceptibility: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Nepal Gaurav , Rehrig Jessica Holly , Ojha Rajeev
Published: July 2019

Objective

Dopaminergic neuronal degeneration seen in Parkinson's disease (PD) might result from a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A (GRIN2A) gene. We thus performed a meta‐analysis exploring the relationship between the rs4998386 SNP of the GRIN2A gene and PD susceptibility.

Methods

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for studies published between January 2005 and January 2019. The association between the rs4998386 polymorphism and PD susceptibility was evaluated by calculating the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Meta‐analysis results did not show a significant association between the rs4998386 polymorphism of the GRIN2A gene and PD susceptibility when assuming an allelic model (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.76‐1.07; P = .22; I2 = 53%), a dominant model (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.82‐1.12; P = .62; I2 = 64%), or a recessive model (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.93‐1.38; P = .22; I2 = 0%).

Conclusion

Our meta‐analysis found that the rs4998386 polymorphism of the GRIN2A gene is not associated with risk of PD in either Europeans or white Americans. However, large sample studies with different ethnicities should be conducted to establish the role of the rs4998386 polymorphism in PD pathophysiology.
Soil fertility and rainfall during specific phenological phases affect seed trait variation in a widely distributed Neotropical tree, Copaifera langsdorffii
Authors: Souza Matheus Lopes , Lovato Maria Bernadete , Fagundes Marcilio , Valladares Fernando , Lemos‐Filho José Pires
Published: July 2019

Premise

Knowledge of intra‐specific variation in seed traits and its environmental determinants is important for predicting plant responses to environmental changes. Here, we tested the hypothesis that differences in soil fertility and rainfall during specific phenological phases drive variation in seed traits in a widely distributed tree, Copaifera langsdorffii. We also tested the hypothesis that climatic heterogeneity increases within‐plant variation in seed traits.

Methods

Inter‐ and intra‐population and within‐plant variation in seed mass, number, and seed size/seed number were evaluated for 50 individuals from five populations distributed along a rainfall gradient and occurring on varying soil types. Using multivariate approaches, we tested the effects of soil fertility characteristics and rainfall in five reproductive phenological phases on seed traits.

Results

The seed traits varied greatly both among populations and within plants. Inter‐population variation in seed mass was driven by total rainfall during fruit development, and variation in seed number was influenced by total rainfall during the dry season before the reproductive phase. Phosphorus levels and potential acidity of the soil also explained the variations in seed mass and seed mass/seed number, respectively. A positive association between intra‐annual variation in rainfall and within‐plant variation in seed mass and seed number was found.

Conclusion

Both rainfall during specific reproductive phases and soil conditions shape the variation in the seed mass and number of C. langsdorffii. Environment‐driven seed trait variation may contribute to this species’ broad niche breadth, which in turn may determine the species’ persistence under future climatic conditions.
Hematogenous extramedullary relapse in multiple myeloma ‐ a multicenter retrospective study in 127 patients
Authors: Avivi Irit , Cohen Yael C. , Suska Anna , Shragai Tamir , Mikala Gabor , Garderet Laurent , Seny Gueye M. , Glickman Sophia , Jayabalan David S. , Niesvizky Ruben , Gozzetti Alessandro , Wiśniewska‐Piąty Katarzyna , Waszczuk‐Gajda Anna , Usnarska‐Zubkiewicz Lidia , Hus Iwona , Guzicka Renata , Radocha Jakub , Milunovic Vibor , Davila Julio , Gentile Massimo , Castillo Jorge J. , Jurczyszyn Artur
Published: July 2019

The current study assesses the characteristics and outcomes of multiple myeloma (MM) patients, treated with novel agents for hematogenous extramedullary (HEMM) relapse. Consecutive patients diagnosed with HEMM between 2010‐2018 were included. Patients' characteristics at diagnosis and at HEMM presentation, response to treatment, survival and factors predicting survival were recorded and analyzed. A group of 127 patients, all diagnosed with HEMM by imaging (87.3%) and/or biopsy (79%), were included. Of those, 44% were initially diagnosed with ISS3, 57% presented with plasmacytomas, and 30% had high‐risk cytogenetics. Median time to HEMM was 32 months. In multivariate analysis, ISS3 and bone plasmacytoma predicted shorter time to HEMM (P = .005 and P = .008, respectively). Upfront autograft was associated with longer time to HEMM (P = .002). At HEMM, 32% of patients had no BM plasmacytosis, 20% had non‐secretory disease and 43% had light‐chain disease. Multiple HEMM sites were reported in 52% of patients, mostly involving soft tissue, skin (29%), and pleura/lung (25%). First treatment for HEMM included proteasome inhibitors (50%), immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) (39%), monoclonal antibodies (10%), and chemotherapy (53%). Overall response rate (ORR) was 57%. IMiDs were associated with higher ORR (HR 2.2, 95% CI 1.02‐4.7, P = .04). Median survival from HEMM was 6 months (CI 95% 4.8‐7.2). Failure to achieve ≥VGPR was the only significant factor for worse OS in multivariate analyses (HR = 9.87, CI 95% 2.35 ‐ 39, P = .001). In conclusion, HEMM occurs within 3 years of initial myeloma diagnosis and is associated with dismal outcome. The IMiDs might provide a higher response rate, and achievement of ≥VGPR predicts longer survival.
Sinus irrigation penetration after balloon sinuplasty vs functional endoscopic sinus surgery in a cadaveric model
Authors: Gantz Oliver , Danielian Arman , Yu Alison , Ference Elisabeth H. , Kuan Edward C. , Wrobel Bozena
Published: July 2019

Background

Nasal irrigation is a cornerstone of treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis. The purpose of this study was to quantify irrigation penetration to the sinuses following balloon sinuplasty and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).

Methods

Balloon sinuplasty followed by FESS was performed on 4 cadaver heads. Using a high‐volume, high‐flow bottle, each head was irrigated with fluorescein‐dyed water prior to and following each procedure, and recorded by rigid endoscopy through trephinations. Three blinded, fellowship‐trained rhinologists reviewed videos and scored the extent of staining (using an accepted scale of 0 to 3) for each site.

Results

The mean score prior to any procedure was maxillary sinus 1.67, frontal sinus 1.29, and nasal cavity 1.71. After balloon sinuplasty the mean was maxillary 2.25, frontal 2.04, and nasal cavity 2.17. After FESS the mean was maxillary 2.75, frontal 2.08, and nasal cavity 2.63. There was a statistically significant increase for both maxillary (p = 0.005) and frontal sinuses (p = 0.006) following balloon sinuplasty. There was a statistically significant increase following FESS compared to balloon for the maxillary sinus (p = 0.003), but not the frontal sinus (p = 0.96). Interrater reliability was good, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.85.

Conclusion

Irrigation improved in all sinuses following balloon sinuplasty and FESS. There was further improvement to the maxillary sinus after FESS; however, there was no difference in irrigation to the frontal sinuses following FESS compared to balloon sinuplasty. Extended frontal sinus approaches such as the Modified Lothrop procedure should be considered if more extensive access for irrigation is required.