bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Profile and the Impact of Diabetes, Steroid and Stress Hyperglycaemia on COVID-19 Outcomes
Authors: Kulkarni Shruthi , Fernandes Jonita , Selvam Sumithra , Idiculla Jyothi
Published: February 2023

Background:

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and hyperglycaemia (HG) have been identified as risk factors for morbidity and mortality in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection. However, a detailed study of various categories of HG and the impacts and characteristics of each of these on COVID-19 was considered important to address this metabolic disorder in COVID-19.

Aims:

This study aimed to describe the patterns of HG and its impact on the clinical outcomes in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 infection.

Methodology:

Data on 1000 consecutive patients with COVID-19 were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

Results:

A total of 1000 patients were included for analysis The overall mean age of the study group was 52.77 + 19.71 with 636 (63.6%) male patients; 261 had mild, 317 moderate, and 422 severe infections; and 601 had HG (New-onset DM 66, known DM 386, steroid-induced HG 133 and stress HG 16). The HG group has significantly higher levels of inflammatory markers and worse outcomes. Blood glucose levels were higher in patients with known DM. The ROC cut-off of total steroids to predict mortality in the HG group was 84 mg versus 60 mg in the normoglycaemia group. The ROC cut-off of FBS to predict mortality in the overall HG group was 165, with AUC 0.58 (95% CI 0.52, 0.63, P = 0.005), whereas that for pre-existing DM and steroid HG were 232 and 166, which were also significant. There was a wide variation in mean glucose levels against time.

Conclusion:

HG is an independent predictor of mortality, with the highest significance in the steroid-induced category. COVID-19 morbidity and mortality can be minimised by identifying the blood glucose range for best results and instituting appropriate treatment guidelines.
Effect of Hydroxychloroquine on Glycemic Variability in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Uncontrolled on Glimepiride and Metformin Therapy
Authors: Rajput Rajesh , Saini Suyasha , Rajput Siddhant , Upadhyay Parankush
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims:

No study to date has assessed the effect of hydroxychloroquine on various parameters of glycaemic variability. To assess the effect of hydroxychloroquine on glycaemic variability in type 2 diabetes patients uncontrolled on glimepiride and metformin.

Methods:

A total of 30 T2DM patients aged 18–65 years uncontrolled on glimepiride and metformin therapy with HbA1c 7.5–10% (58–86 mmol/mol) were given adjunctive hydroxychloroquine 400 mg during the 12-week study period. The glycaemic variability parameters such as standard deviation of 24 hours of blood glucose, mean of daily differences (MODD) and mean amplitude of glycaemic excursion (MAGE) were assessed by continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) data at baseline and at 12 weeks after the addition of hydroxychloroquine 400 mg. Efficacy was assessed by change in fasting, postprandial plasma glucose and HbA1c from baseline to 12 weeks of addition of 400 mg hydroxychloroquine.

Results:

There was a significant reduction in all parameters of glycaemic variability including MAGE, MODD, standard deviation of 24-hour blood glucose and average blood glucose as well as a significant reduction in fasting, postprandial blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin post 12 weeks of adjunctive treatment with hydroxychloroquine. At the end of 12 weeks of adjunctive treatment with hydroxychloroquine, there was a significant improvement in the percentage of time spent in the target glucose range of 3.9–8.3 mmol/L (70–150 mg/dL).

Conclusion:

The addition of hydroxychloroquine in uncontrolled diabetes significantly reduces all glycaemic parameters including all parameters of glycaemic variability and hence can be an effective add-on to patients uncontrolled on glimepiride and metformin therapy.
Changes in visual acuity using low vision devices in patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy: A retrospective study
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Sarika , Bhaskaran Gnanapoonkodi , Jayasankar Ompriya , Selvakumar Ambika , Raman Rajiv
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

This study was conducted to estimate the visual acuity improvement in patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) with the help of low vision devices (LVDs) and to analyze the types of distant and near LVDs prescribed to the patients with LHON.

Methods:

A retrospective case review of 74 subjects with LHON who were referred to a low vision care clinic at a tertiary eye center from 2016 to 2019 were recruited. The reason for referral was assessed from the patients’ electronic medical records (EMR). Demographic data of the patients, visual acuity status, type of LVD prescribed, and visual acuity improvement with LVD were documented.

Results:

Out of 74 patients, 91.9% (n = 68) were male, and the median age of patients was 21 (16) years. A 4× monocular telescope was prescribed for 2.7% of patients (n = 2) and SEETV binocular telescope for 1.4% (n = 1) was advised for distance. The most commonly prescribed near LVD was the 6× cutaway stand magnifier for 22 patients (29.7%). Four patients (5.4%) were prescribed with Notex, the most commonly prescribed non-optical LVD. Niki CCTV (12.2%, n=9) was the most commonly prescribed assistive device. The subjects were divided into three groups based on age: group I consisted of those <18 years of age, group II 18–40 years, and group III >40 years for the interpretation of visual improvement. There was a statistically significant improvement (group I: P < 0.001, group II: P < 0.0001, group III: P < 0.003) in near vision with help of LVDs in all three groups.

Conclusion:

The use of LVDs and rehabilitation can help patients with LHON to lead a better life and will be more beneficial.
Genetic associations in CHAT and COL11A1 with primary angle-closure glaucoma susceptibility: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Shaowen , Zhang Guowei , Lu Hong
Published: February 2023

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1258267 in CHAT and rs3753841 in COL11A1 are associated with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the association of CHAT rs1258267 and COL11A1 rs3753841 with PACG. A comprehensive electronic database search was performed to include eligible studies, published from October 2010 to March 2022. By calculating summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) under five genetic models, the risk of PACG related to these two SNPs could be estimated. Heterogeneity was measured with a Chi-square-based Q statistic test and the I2
statistic. By the Z test, we analyzed the overall effect of OR. We used funnel plots and Begg’s funnel plots to evaluate the publication bias of included studies. The meta-analysis was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 checklist. There were eighteen studies associating CHAT rs1258267 with PACG indicating evidently decreased PACG risk in five genetic models. Thirty studies were included to demonstrate a notable increase in the risk of PACG-carrying COL11A1 rs3753841 genotypes. Subgroup analyses showed that the association of CHAT rs1258267 and COL11A1 rs3753841 with PACG was obvious in Asians, while no evidence was found to confirm this connection in Caucasians. This meta-analysis suggests that CHAT rs1258267 G/A polymorphisms could bring about a decreased risk of PACG susceptibility and COL11A1 rs3753841 G/A polymorphisms could cause an increased risk. These effects mainly manifest in Asians.
Customization of spectacle frames for individuals with facial deformities by altering conventional spectacle frames – Phase I
Authors: Sageer Husna , Maseedupalli Srikanth , Krishnaiah Sannapaneni
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

Manufacturing a spectacle frame for a facially deformed individual is challenging because of facial asymmetry. One of the solutions is the customization of spectacle frames. Customization of spectacle frames for facially deformed individuals requires a better understanding of the facial anthropometry of deformed faces. This study aimed to analyze the facial anthropometry of deformed faces to understand the range of variability. The results of this study will be used to find customization methods in the future.

Methods:

We measured and analyzed the 12 facial parameters of individuals with facial deformities using the ImageJ software.

Results:

The data collected were normally distributed. Paired sample test revealed a statistically significant difference between innercanthus distances (right innercanthus distance [RICD] and left innercanthus distance [LICD]). Correlation analysis showed a positive difference between horizontal and vertical pupillary distance-innercanthus distance (PD-ICD) (0.68, 0.75, and 0.81) and pupillary distance-helix distance (PD-HD) (0.57, 0.68, and 0.59) relations. PD-ICD correlations are stronger compared to the PD-HD relation.

Conclusion:

Altering the frame center distance and the temple heights are the most important for asymmetric faces. Large population-based data are required to make concrete decisions to design a spectacle frame for asymmetric faces.
Impact of individual counseling on the knowledge and attitudes of type 2 diabetics regarding diabetic retinopathy: The Aditya Jyot Diabetic Retinopathy in Urban Mumbai Slums Study – Report 3
Authors: Kim Eric J , Rana Viren K , Araia Ermias , Jain Astha , Krishnan Radhika , Natarajan Sundaram
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

Baseline knowledge and attitudes regarding diabetic retinopathy (DR) have not been previously reported for type 2 diabetes mellitus adults (T2DM) in Dharavi, one of the largest slums in Mumbai. Furthermore, a pre- and post-intervention survey study regarding this topic has not been conducted to date in Dharavi. This pre- and post-intervention survey study analyzes the impacts of DR counseling sessions administered individually on the knowledge and attitudes of T2DM participants recruited from Dharavi.

Methods:

Potential subjects (>30 years old) from Dharavi were enrolled by community workers and screened for T2DM. Those with confirmed T2DM were each registered for an individual DR counseling session. A survey was distributed to participants before the counseling session to determine their baseline knowledge and attitudes. The same survey was distributed after the counseling session, and changes in pre- and post-survey responses were analyzed.

Results:

Exactly 1718 T2DM study participants were given pre- and post-surveys. Before the counseling, T2DM participants showed low baseline knowledge and attitudes regarding DR, with only 30.8% (530/1718) participants being aware that diabetes can affect the eye. Participants showed significant improvements after the counseling session, with more participants showing willingness to attend DR screenings (pre: 38.3.%, post: 56.8%; P < 0.0001) and more becoming aware that diabetes can affect the eye (90.4%, 1553/1718; P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

Targeted educational interventions for T2DM individuals from the slums of western India, such as Dharavi, can lead to significant improvements in knowledge and attitudes, representing a promising avenue in tackling the burden of avoidable blindness caused by DR in India.
Optical coherence tomography-based assessment of macular vessel density, retinal layer metrics and sub-foveal choroidal thickness in COVID-19 recovered patients
Authors: Karkhur Samendra , Chauhan Khushboo , Soni Deepak , Sharma Bhavana , Yadav Nikita , Banerjee Lagnajeeta , Nyodu Richa , Verma Sunil
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

The primary objective of the study was to assess the macular retinal vessel density, subfoveal choroidal thickness, and retinal layer metrics by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT), and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), respectively, in recovered COVID-19 patients and its comparison with the same in control subjects. The secondary objective was to evaluate differences in OCTA parameters in relation with the severity of COVID-19 disease and administration of corticosteroids.

Methods:

A case–control study was performed that included patients who had recovered from COVID-19 and age-matched healthy controls. Complete ocular examination including OCTA, SD-OCT, and EDI-OCT were performed three months following the diagnosis.

Results:

Three hundred sixty eyes of 180 subjects were enrolled between the two groups. A decreased mean foveal avascular zone area in both superficial capillary plexuses (P = 0.03) and deep capillary plexuses (P < 0.01), reduced average ganglion cell layer-inner plexiform layer thickness (P = 0.04), and increased subfoveal choroidal thickness (P < 0.001) were observed among cases in comparison to the control group. A significant correlation was found between sectoral macular vessel density in relation to disease severity and a decrease in vessel density with greater severity of the disease.

Conclusion:

OCTA detected retinal microvascular alterations following SARS-CoV-2 infection in subjects with the absence of any clinical ocular manifestation or systemic thrombotic events. These parameters could be used to help identify patients with a higher incidence of systemic thromboembolism on longer follow-ups and identify the impact of corticosteroids on retinal architecture.
Clinical profile, demographic distribution, and outcomes of ocular siderosis: Electronic medical record–driven big data analytics from an eye care network in India
Authors: Parameswarappa Deepika C , Das Anthony Vipin , Venugopal Ragukumar , Karad Madhuri , Tyagi Mudit
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

To describe the demographics, clinical profile, and outcomes of ocular siderosis in patients presenting to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in India.

Methods:

This cross-sectional and hospital-based study included 3,082,727 new patients who presented between August 2010 and December 2021. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of ocular siderosis in at least one eye were included.

Results:

Overall, 58 eyes of 57 patients (0.002%) were diagnosed with ocular siderosis. The majority were men (96.49%) and had unilateral (98.25%) affliction. The most common age group at presentation was during the third decade of life with 24 patients (42.11%). A clear history of ocular trauma was documented in 47 patients (81.03%). Major clinical signs included corneal pigment deposition in nearly half of the eyes (27/58 eyes, 46.55%), corneal scar (20/58 eyes, 34.48%), cataract (22/58 eyes, 37.93%) and retinal detachment (11/58 eyes, 18.96%). The intraocular foreign body (IOFB) was anatomically localized in a majority of the eyes (i.e., 45/58 eyes, 77.59%). The most common location of the IOFB was in the posterior segment (22/58 eyes, 37.93%). The eyes that underwent a vitreoretinal surgery with removal of IOFB had a slightly better BCVA (1.0 ± 1.01) when compared to eyes with non-removal of IOFB (1.58 ± 1.00).

Conclusion:

Ocular siderosis is a rare sight-threatening entity, with half of the affected eyes exhibiting severe visual impairment. Majority of the eyes in ocular siderosis will have a detectable IOFB. Surgical removal of IOFB may lead to a better visual gain when compared to non-removal.
Integrated aqueous humor ceRNA and miRNA–TF–mRNA network analysis reveals potential molecular mechanisms governing primary open-angle glaucoma pathogenesis
Authors: Wang Xiaoqin , Chen Ming , Liu Longqian , Zeng Liuzhi
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

To conduct an integrated bioinformatics analysis of extant aqueous humor (AH) gene expression datasets in order to identify key genes and the regulatory mechanism governing primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) progression.

Methods:

Two datasets (GSE101727 and GSE105269) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus, and the messenger RNAs (mRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified between controls and POAG patients. Differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and DElncRNAs were then subjected to pathway enrichment analyses, after which a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was generated. This network was then expanded to establish lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA and miRNA–transcription factor (TF)–mRNA networks.

Results:

The GSE101727 dataset was used to identify 2746 DElncRNAs and 2208 DEmRNAs, while the GSE105269 dataset was used to identify 45 DEmiRNAs. We ultimately constructed a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network incorporating 47 lncRNAs, six miRNAs, and 17 mRNAs. The proteins encoded by these 17 hub mRNAs were found to be significantly enriched for activities that may be linked to POAG pathogenesis. In addition, we generated a miRNA–TF–mRNA regulatory network containing two miRNAs (miR-135a-5p and miR-139-5p), five TFs (TGIF2, TCF3, FOS, and so on), and five mRNAs (SHISA7, ST6GAL2, TXNIP, and so on).

Conclusion:

The SHISA7, ST6GAL2, TXNIP, FOS, and DCBLD2 genes may be viable therapeutic targets for the prevention or treatment of POAG and are regulated by the TFs (TGIF2, HNF1A, TCF3, and FOS).
Acute bilateral central serous chorioretinopathy in a young male after the first dose of Oxford/AstraZeneca AZD1222 (Covishield) vaccine
Authors: Sindhu Meenakshi , Bamotra Ravi Kant , Singh Sukhdev
Published: February 2023

We case of acute bilateral central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) after receiving the first dose of Covishield vaccine in a young, otherwise healthy male with no associated risk factors.
Blepharospasm as a tardive manifestation of COVID-19 disease: A case report
Authors: Farci Roberta , Fossarello Maurizio , Carta Arturo
Published: February 2023

We report three cases of blepharospasms developed after a symptomatic COVID-19 infection, in order to describe a possible association between COVID-19 infection and essential blepharospasm. Blepharospasm could represent a late sign of COVID-19 infection (more than four weeks after the contagion) and may be triggered by the neurotropism of the coronavirus.
Intra-operative aberrometry versus conventional biometry for intraocular lens power calculation: A prospective observational study from a tertiary referral center
Authors: Gaur Sandhya , Dhull Chirakshi , Khokhar Sudarshan K
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

To evaluate the per operative intra-ocular lens (IOL) power calculation using intra-operative aberrometry (ORA) and its comparison with conventional methods.

Methods:

Patients with cataract planned for phacoemulsification by a single surgeon under topical anesthesia were enrolled in this prospective observational study in this prospective observational study. All patients underwent pre-operative biometry (Manual SRK-II and IOLMaster® 500) to determine the intra-ocular lens (IOL) power. Intra-operative aberrometry using ORA was also performed; however, IOL was inserted according to IOLMaster® (SRK/T). Spherical equivalent (SE) was recorded on post-operative days 1, 7, and 30. Patients were divided into three groups based on axial lengths for analysis. Comparative analysis was performed for the calculated IOL powers and prediction errors of ORA with conventional methods. Adjusted IOL power to calculate the emmetropic IOL using the LiHue formula was also determined and was compared with existing methods. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

A total of 115 eyes from 113 patients were included, with a median age of 54.90 ± 14.3 years. The mean axial length was found to be 23.94 ± 2.3 mm. There was good agreement (87%) between ORA and IOLMaster® for calculated IOL powers with a mean difference of 0.047 ± 0.5D between the two (P = 0.33). A positive correlation was found between IOL power calculated using ORA, IOLMaster®, SRK-II, and adjusted IOL.

Conclusion:

The use of intra-operative aberrometry (ORA) to calculate IOL power in patients undergoing uncomplicated phacoemulsification is non-inferior relative to standard pre-operative measurement and planning.
Retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants born following assisted conception versus spontaneously conceived pregnancies – A 2-year retrospective observational study from an urban tertiary eye care referral center in South India
Authors: Dabir Supriya , Mohankumar Arthi , Srivatsa DV , Munusamy Sivakumar , Berendschot TTJM , Rajan Mohan , Azad Rajvardhan
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

The aim of this study is to determine if in vitro fertilization (IVF) is associated with an increase in the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among preterm infants.

Methods:

This retrospective, comparative study included all the preterm babies who were screened under an urban multicentric outreach project between April 2019 and August 2022. Infant details including gender, birth weight, mode of conception, single or multiple gestation, gestational age and post-menstrual age in weeks, age at presentation, and any presence of risk factors were recorded and analyzed.

Results:

Among 444 preterm babies included in the study, 373 (84%) were conceived normally and 71 (16%) were conceived by IVF. ROP was found in 99 (22.29%) babies in total. There was no significant difference in the incidence of any stage of ROP between the two groups; however, higher stages of ROP were found to be relatively more frequent in the spontaneous conception group in our study. We also found a statistically significant difference in the presence of ROP among singletons, twins, and triplets.

Conclusion:

IVF was found not to independently increase the risk of ROP in preterm infants. More prospective studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to establish the relationship between the mode of conception and development of severe ROP in preterm infants.
In vitro assessment of the severity of deoxyribonucleic acid damage in different types of cataracts directly in lens epithelial cells
Authors: Sorte Gawali Kranti S , Jadhao Avinash N
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

This study aimed to assess the severity of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in lens epithelial cells (LECs) of senile cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataracts.

Methods:

LECs were obtained from senile cortical, nuclear, and subcapsular types of cataracts after surgery. DNA damage in the cells was immediately assessed quantitatively using the CometScore™ software.

Results:

Comets were found in cataractous LECs. The formation of “comets” in the DNA of LECs can be visualized using single-cell gel electrophoresis and indicates DNA strand breaks because the damaged DNA migrates at a different rate than the nondamaged DNA. Maximal damage was observed in Grade 3 cortical, nuclear, and subcapsular forms of cataracts. Statistically significant DNA damage was seen between grades 1 and 3 of cortical type of cataract, grades 1 and 3 of nuclear type of cataract, and grades 2 and 3 and grades 1 and 3 of posterior subcapsular type of cataract.

Conclusion:

In patients with senile cataract, DNA of LECs was randomly damaged, and this type of damage was possibly caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Maximum DNA damage was found in patients with Grade 3 senile cortical, nuclear, and subcapsular type cataracts. The pathogenesis of senile cataracts is multifactorial and includes continuous molecular stress resulting from photooxidative stress, UV irradiation, and oxidative reactions.
Eyeball simulator for extraocular muscles
Authors: Khadia Anjali , Thangaraju Dharmeswari , Gupta Isha , Mouttappa Fredrick , Veena K , Rengaraj Venkatesh , Kumaresan Yamini , Poorani R , John Vinitha S
Published: February 2023

Learning about human eye movements broadens our comprehension of the visuomotor system and aids in the effective management of strabismus. One’s clinical practice is improved by a dynamic simulation of human eye movements using physical models of the extraocular muscles (EOMs). We use our eyeball model to teach the basics of strabismus to undergraduate students and ophthalmology residents. In Listing’s plane, extraocular movements of each muscle and the angle demonstration are being used to familiarize students with their knowledge. The degree of the residents’ understanding of strabismus is significantly influenced by the eyeball strabismus simulator. This model is an inexpensive, Do It Yourself (DIY) model that is simple to build.
Observation on the curative effect of horizontal rectus transposition combining recess-resect treatment on monocular elevation deficiency with horizontal strabismus
Authors: Mo Haiming , Chen Dan , Du Qiuling , Tang Fangjiao , Liang Yiming , Chen Jinmao
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

To explore the clinical effect of horizontal rectus transposition combining recess and resect treatment on monocular elevation deficiency (MED) with horizontal strabismus.

Methods:

Ten patients (10 eyes) scheduled to undergo horizontal rectus transposition combining recess-resect surgery to treat MED with horizontal strabismus in the ME Department of Ophthalmology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University between July 2016 and February 2022 were included in the study. The degree of vertical and horizontal prism strabismus, the grading of upper movement of the paralyzed eye, and the improvement of binocular vision were evaluated before and after the surgery.

Results:

Horizontal rectus transposition combined with recess and resect treatment was used to treat 10 patients with MED combined with horizontal strabismus. A good curative effect was seen in eight patients. The differences in the degree of vertical strabismus, the degree of horizontal strabismus, and the movement function of the paretic eyes before and after surgery were significantly different (all P < 0.05). The binocular haplopia function in six patients was reconstructed in the primary position after surgery.

Conclusion:

Horizontal rectus transposition combining recess-resect is easy to perform, and the number of recti involved in the surgery is small. This approach can effectively correct the eye position, improve eye movement, and reconstruct binocular vision in patients with MED by combining horizontal strabismus.
Management of recurrent optic disc pit–associated maculopathy with human amniotic membrane graft in a pediatric case
Authors: Kelkar Aditya , Bolisetty Mounika
Published: February 2023

Background:

Optic disc pit–associated maculopathy (ODP-M) is a rare presentation in children. Therefore, only a few pediatric cases successfully managed have been reported in the literature. This video shows successful management of ODP-M with human amniotic membrane graft in a pediatric case presenting with recurrence with intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Purpose:

To demonstrate a successful management of ODP-M with human amniotic membrane graft in a pediatric case presenting with recurrence.

Synopsis:

A 13-year-old patient who had been previously operated with 25-G pars plana vitrectomy with double internal limiting membrane peel and juxtapapillary endolaser with SF 6 gas tamponade for optic disc pit–associated maculopathy (ODP-M) presented with recurrence 9 months after primary surgery. Three 25-G sclerotomies were made and human amniotic membrane graft was tucked into the ODP; the position of the graft was confirmed with intraoperative ocular coherence tomography. Subretinal fluid rapidly resolved within 48 h and best-corrected visual acuity improved to 0.5 logMAR after one week. Later follow-ups showed no complications or recurrence.

Highlights:

This video shows successful management of ODP-M with human amniotic membrane graft in a pediatric case presenting with recurrence with intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT), without any additional tamponade.

Video Link:
https://youtu.be/rM79P7oU7GE

Key words: Amniotic membrane graft, Optic disc pit, Pediatric Case, Recurrence
Every eye needs a best chance to see: Just give it
Authors: Shivanna Yathish , Gorimanipalli Bhavya , Sanjay Srinivasan
Published: February 2023

Background:

Anterior staphyloma is defined as a localized defect in the anterior eye wall with protrusion of the uveal tissue due to alterations in scleral thickness and structure. The causes could be congenital, trauma, or following infection. Surgical options include staphylectomy with graft (corneal/corneoscleral), biosynthetic graft, enucleation or evisceration in a painful blind eye).

Purpose:

To demonstrate staphylectomy with careful preservation of ocular structures followed by optical keratoplasty in a single setting.

Synopsis:

A 39-year-old Asian Indian lady presented with complaints of blurring of vision and whitish opacity in both eyes since childhood, associated with progressive enlargement and protrusion of the black part of the left eye with severe pain at the time of presentation. Her clinical examination revealed leucomatous corneal opacity in both the eyes and anterior staphyloma and keratinization in the left eye. Visual acuity was counting fingers close to face in the right eye and hand movements close to face in the left eye with projection of rays being accurate in both eyes. Ultrasound B scan showed posterior staphyloma in the right eye with sub-Tenon’s fluid and increased retinochoroidal thickness. The left eye posterior segment with B scan was normal. The available surgical options were evisceration with secondary orbital implant and ocular prosthesis or staphylectomy with corneal transplantation. To provide the best option for the patient in her eye with better visual potential, staphylectomy with corneal transplantation was done.

Highlights:

Painful blind eye is usually dealt with evisceration. This video demonstrates the technique of staphylectomy with corneal graft and restoration of structural integrity. Evisceration is a destructive procedure that involves removal of the intraocular contents. The patient will have to deal with the hassles of prosthesis maintenance and stigma of the artificial eye.

Video link:
https://youtu.be/VoS8Irsh1yY

Key words: Anterior staphyloma, evisceration, eye salvage, painful blind eye, staphylectomy
Sources of errors in measurement of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Mansoori Tarannum
Published: February 2023

Background:

Optical coherence tomography (OCT)–obtained retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements allow for qualitative and quantitative assessment of RNFL thinning in glaucoma. Errors in data acquisition or in software analysis may result in artifacts and erroneous RNFL thickness measurements that may lead to an inaccurate clinical interpretation.

Purpose:

This video describes tips to recognize artifacts in RNFL thickness measurement in various OCT printouts.

Synopsis:

The video presents a series of OCT of optic nerve head printouts with artifacts and useful teaching points to identify the same and its source of error.

Highlights:

The technician must confirm the quality and accuracy of the acquired data before the patient returns to the physician with the final printout. Recognition of artifacts and identifying its source of error is critical to interpret the data accurately, avoiding erroneous clinical interpretation.

Video Link:
https://youtu.be/rRZVeTaivIQ
Implants and spacers for paralytic ectropion: Literature review and assessment of a thin-profile porous polyethylene implant
Authors: Parikh Alomi O , Pfeiffer Margaret L , Yim Cindi K , Burnstine Michael A
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

There is no ideal treatment paradigm for paralytic ectropion. This study evaluated lower eyelid spacers and the efficacy of a novel lower eyelid thin profile, bio-integratable, porous polyethylene.

Methods:

A retrospective review of 15 consecutive patients who underwent thin-profile porous polyethylene implantation and canthoplasty for paralytic ectropion was carried out. A comprehensive literature review of spacers for paralytic ectropion and retraction using the Pubmed database with search terms “[implant or graft or spacer] and [paralytic ectropion or paralytic retraction],” “graft and paralysis and ectropion,” “implant and paralysis and ectropion,” “graft and paralysis and retraction,” and “implant and paralysis and retraction” was carried out.

Results:

The mean patient age was 69 years (range: 50–88). Lagophthalmos improved from a mean of 5.7 mm (SD = 3.3, range 3–14 mm) to 1.4 mm (SD = 1.1, range 0–3.5 mm), P < 0.0001. MRD 2 improved from a mean of 6.7 mm (SD = 2.3, range 2–12 mm) to 4.2 mm (SD = 0.9, range 3–6 mm), P = 0.0005. No patients needed additional lower eyelid surgery. There were no implant exposures at a mean follow-up of 7.6 months (SD = 7.9, range 0.7–21.6 months). Detailed literature review revealed that hard palate and ear cartilage are the most reported spacers, each with unique disadvantages.

Conclusion:

The thin-profile porous polyethylene implant is a useful addition to the management of symptomatic paralytic ectropion. Meaningful comparison of lower eyelid spacers is difficult because of variations in surgical technique, spacer size, and poorly reported outcome data. No spacer proves superior.
Inferior altitudinal visual loss and mask-wearing practices: A case series
Authors: Boxrud Cynthia A , Householder Nicholas A , Kim Dylan K , Kugler Katherine M , Harris Chandler S , Benjamin Brooke P , Panrudkevich Alexa H , Bahadur Gavin G
Published: February 2023

Face mask-wearing practices and their impact on the visual field bear particular importance in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic era. This case series examines 10 participants with no history of ocular impairment or visual field defects who underwent age-corrected visual field testing in both eyes with different types of face masks. Wearing duckbill N95 masks was consistently associated with increased accuracy errors in the inferior altitudinal visual field when compared to wearing surgical masks or no masks. These findings support public health guidance that has previously attributed the risks of falls and accidents to face mask wearing.
Retinal Degenerative Disease (Retinitis Pigmentosa) Associated with Nonocular Abnormalities
Authors: Abba Kaka Hadjia Yakoura
Published: February 2023

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a genetic abnormality affecting the retina cells and is responsible for a progressive visual impairment which at the end results in an irreversible blindness. In some rare cases, this inherited disease can be associated with other systemic abnormalities. In this report, three different families were presented with familial syndromic RP: Usher syndrome (RP and congenital deafness) reported in three members of the same family: RP associated with Marfan syndrome and RP associated with macular dystrophy in two siblings. All our patients are children from first-degree consanguineous marriages with no previous history of blindness or eye disease in each family. This case series demonstrates the variability of systemic associations with RP and its occurrence in consanguineous marriages.
Exploring treatment of inflammatory bowel disease with infliximab in the Middle East and Northern Africa: An analysis of the HARIR observational cohort study
Authors: Alharbi Othman , Hamed Waleed , Salem Osama , Taylor Catherine , Besar Ahmed , Sharaf Mohamed
Published: February 2023

Background:

In 2017, inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) affected more than 6.8 million people worldwide, with increased incidence in newly industrialized countries. Although treatment options were previously limited to symptom reduction, current approaches benefit from disease-modifying biologics. In this study, we aimed to explore disease characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of patients with CD or UC treated with infliximab or golimumab in routine clinical practice in the Middle East and Northern Africa.

Methods:

HARIR was a prospective, observational, multicenter study (NCT03006198), in patients who were treatment naïve or who received two or fewer biologic agents. Observed data from routine clinical practice were presented descriptively.

Results:

Data from 86 patients enrolled from five countries (Algeria, Egypt, Kuwait, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia) were analyzed, 62 with CD and 24 with UC. All patients received infliximab. Clinically meaningful efficacy data were observed only for the CD group (up to Month 3) due to limited patient numbers. Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI) scores at Month 3 indicated a positive response to treatment (reduced score of ≥70 and ≥25% compared with baseline) for 14/48 (29.2%) patients; notably, 28/52 (53.8%) patients had CDAI score <150 at baseline. Rates of serious and severe adverse events (AEs) were low in both groups. The most common AEs were gastrointestinal disorders.

Conclusion:

Infliximab treatment was well tolerated in this Middle Eastern and Northern African population, and a clinical response was observed for 29.2% of CD patients. Limited accessibility to biologics and concomitant treatments restricted study conduct.
Fascia lata allograft versus subepithelial connective tissue grafts in the peri-implant mucosal thickness enhancement (histological evaluation)
Authors: Helal Mohamed H. , Elguindy Hoda M. , Ghoraba Sahar F. , Shoukheba Malak Y. , Yasser Sarah
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fascia lata allograft (FLA) versus subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTGs) in increasing the peri-implant mucosal thickness when placed simultaneously with dental implant histologically and histomorphometrically in human.

Patients and methods

A total of 16 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected to be included in this study. They were randomly classified into two treatment groups: a test group (FLA) and a control group (SCTGs), with eight implantation sites in each group. Three months after implantation, the augmented sites were located, soft tissue biopsies (n = 16) (punch biopsy) were collected for histological and histomorphometry analysis.

Results

Both grafts were integrated well into the surrounding soft tissues. Regarding percentage of fibrovascular tissue at 3 months postsurgery showed a significant increase in FLA graft in comparison with SCTGs it was (36.52 in the FLA group and 24.17 in the SCTGs group). A significant difference in the vimentin expression percentage in favor of FLA grafts in comparison with SCTGs; it was (24.95% for FLA) where it was (7.24% for SCTGs).

Conclusions

FLA was found to be clinically save with no adverse reactions and integrated well into the surrounding soft tissues and organized by newly formed connective tissue, and provided results are comparable to SCTGs (the gold standard).
Furniture for Engagement
Authors:   Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Mahat Marian , Awad Vivienne , Bradbeer Christopher , Guo Chengxin , Imms Wesley , Morris Julia
Published: February 2023

The aim of the study was to explore the impact of furniture and spatial settings on teachers and students. Drawing on a case study action research approach involving surveys, two primary schools (Frangipani and Jasmine Primary School) within the Sydney Catholic Schools were involved as case study sites. This report provides a summary of the findings of the impact of furniture and spatial settings on teacher efficacy, teacher mind frames, student learning and student engagement as well as perceptions of students on the furniture and spatial settings. In summary, teachers’ perceptions of their mind frames, student learning and engagement increased after the introduction of furniture in the prototype learning environment. For one teacher, the perception of their efficacy did not improve after the implementation of the prototype space and furniture. In terms of students’ perceptions of the furniture, a large proportion of students agreed that they enjoyed learning and are more motivated to learn because of the new furniture. At Jasmine Primary School, a fifth of students felt that they were not motivated to learn because of the new furniture. Further in-depth study is required to find out the underlying reasons for this. Key themes that emerged from the qualitative data on the furniture and spatial settings focus on characteristics of furniture that afforded comfort, improved concentration and auditory qualities, supported collaboration, and capacity for choice. These are important considerations to drive decisions in school designs and furniture purchases. The importance of good furniture in a learning space cannot be underestimated. New learning environments and furniture demand and create new possibilities for teacher practices and student learning. The findings of the study, whilst limited in its scale, provides three crucial considerations relating to the importance of prototyping, professional learning and longitudinal data. These carry ramifications for wider understanding and future research. Future inquiry in these three key areas can provide the much-needed evidence to support schools’ transition into new learning environments.
Should I Stay or Should I Go? How Danish MNEs in Russia Respond to a Geopolitical Shift
Authors: Mol Michael J. , Rabbiosi Larissa , Santangelo Grazia D.
Published: February 2023

Geopolitical shifts are having an increased impact on multinational enterprises. We propose a framework that illustrates how corporate responses to geopolitical shifts vary with operational and reputational considerations. We build our framework from evidence of how five Danish multinationals with operations in Russia responded to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The selected cases highlight several drivers of operational and reputational considerations that offer reasons for MNEs’ heterogeneity in strategic responses. Based on our framework, we derive recommendations for managers in terms of increased preparedness and awareness. We also recommend that policymakers reconsider their strategies for using corporations as geopolitical instruments.
INFLUENCE OF CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) MODELS ON ENGLISH LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Subaedah St. , Amalia Nurhadifah
Published: February 2023

This research aims to know the influence of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model on English learning outcome in the Writing Subject of Class VIII at SMP Negeri 19 Makassar (Public Middle School). Quantitative analysis is applied in this study using Experimental Design with pre-forms experiment with design one group pretest-posttest. Sample in this study were students of class VIII SMPN 19 Makassar as much 25 students with 11 males, 14 females. The results of the study show that teacher ability in managing learning obtained average by 85% which means the level of implementation of the Contextual Teaching and Learning ( CTL ) implemented well while learning outcomes student Class VIII is described on the pretest results 63.40% and posttest results 82.12% which means the success rate of students declared good so that the application of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model on the result of English Learning has an influence on the outcome of Writing subject at class VIII SMPN 19 Makassar Public Middle School 19 Makassar
Successful Rehabilitation With Cochlear Implant in Post-irradiation Induced
Hearing Loss in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patient
Authors: Chua Dennis YK , Tan Henry KK
Published: February 2023

Introduction: We report a case of successful rehabilitation of hearing with a cochlear implant in a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who developed post-irradiation hearing loss following treatment.

Clinical Picture: A 55-year-old Chinese lady suffered from radiationinduced sensorineural hearing loss due to treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Audiological tests and imaging studies showed an intact retrocochlear pathway.

Treatment: Cochlear implantation.

Outcome: Cochlear implant was done with successful rehabilitation of hearing until the time of this report.

Conclusions: If functionally active auditory fibres survive with no recurrent tumour, successful rehabilitation of post-irradiation induced sensorineural hearing loss is possible with a cochlear implant in a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Key words: Post-irradiation sensorineural hearing loss, Singapore
Forty-one Cervicofacial Vascular Anomalies and Their Surgical Treatment – Retrospection and Review
Authors: Kang Gavin CW , Song Colin
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Haemangiomas in children usually involute spontaneously and surgical treatment is exceptional. Vascular malformations do not regress spontaneously and resection may become necessary. We present a series of surgically treated face and neck vascular anomalies during a 9-year period, assessing the epidemiology, presenting signs and symptoms, diagnostic modalities, indications for surgery, treatment methods and clinical outcome post-treatment. Materials and Methods: The medical and pathological records of all patients with cervicofacial vascular anomalies treated surgically at our department from 1997 to 2005 were retrospectively reviewed in relation to current evidence. Results: Forty-one patients were identified. Of these, 9 patients had haemangiomas and the remaining 32 had a variety of vascular malformations. Cervicofacial vascular anomalies were most commonly located at the lip. Atypical looking vascular anomalies like masseteric intramuscular haemangiomas and parotid malformations were diagnostic problems. All 41 had surgical excision of their vascular anomalies for troubling symptoms, cosmesis or diagnostic purpose. For cervicofacial arteriovenous malformations, 28% were classified as Schobinger stage I, 50% stage II, and the remainder stage III. Combined embolisation-resection was used to treat 6 arteriovenous malformations (stage II to III) and of these, 3 required flap reconstruction. Conclusions: Accurate diagnosis distinguishing between cervicofacial haemangiomas and vascular malformations is key to best treatment. The diagnosis can usually be made by history and physical examination aided by early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although cervicofacial haemangiomas can be managed conservatively or with medical therapy, surgery is indicated for preventing psychological distress and in cases of chronic aesthetic alteration resulting from partial regression. Aesthetic concerns and prevention of psychosocial distress point to early excision of venous malformation as the treatment of choice. Lymphatic malformations are best treated by excision. Outcome after excision of localised cervicofacial haemangiomas and low-flow vascular malformations is excellent. Large extensive low-flow malformations as well as those located at the lips may require multiple procedures including reconstruction; patients should be informed that the outcome is generally not as good. Combined embolisation-resection is definitive treatment for arteriovenous malformations and flap reconstruction may prevent their recurrence. Tissue expansion is a useful reconstructive tool after the excision of large vascular anomalies. Key words: Face and neck, Haemangioma, Single institution outcome, Vascular malformation