bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental engineering and management during mining in the Arctic: indigenous communities and business cooperation
Authors: Gassiy V
Published: August 2019

The article discusses the issues of the interaction between indigenous peoples and business in environmental management in the context of the Arctic development. The author analyzes the current legislation on environment management related to the subsoil users and indigenous peoples, gives case-studies of such cooperation during mining. The implementation of corporate social responsibility during the interacting of indigenous peoples and business is considered in the paper, including investments in the development of social infrastructure, education, employment. It also discusses the main objectives of the development of the Arctic territories, which include improving the welfare of the population, solving social and economic problems. The author proves that research on the development of approaches and mechanisms for coordinating interests in traditional lands is relevant, since each stage of the investment project should include a set of tools and methods aimed at the negotiation process, the calculation of damage, monetary compensation, etc. Based on a study of statistical and legal data, the author justifies the need to develop mechanisms for cooperation and partnership between business and indigenous peoples to achieve the goals of sustainable development of the territory.
Biogeochemistry of honey chemical elements
Authors: Pashayan S A
Published: August 2019

The quality of honey is reduced due to the fact that various insecticides and residues of acaricides fall into it. This is due, on the one hand, to frequent violation of instructions on the use of drugs - time of use, dose, frequency of processing and intervals between them, on the other hand, it is necessary to take into account the state of bee colonies and their nests. Violation of these requirements may lead to the ingress of toxic substances into food honey, as well as changes in the normal functioning of the metabolism in the body of insects.
Phytotoxicity of gaseous limit and aromatic hydrocarbons in relation to some agricultural plants
Authors: Denisova Elena , Kubareva Marina , Bokarev Aleksandr , Utuganova Valentina , Kovalkovskay Nadezhda
Published: August 2019

The authors of the article determine the phytoxicity of aromatic hydrocarbons in various concentrations in relation to some agricultural plants and the ability of these plants to accumulate hydrocarbons. This is done for the first time on the basis of field studies of plantings at different distances from the enterprise for the production of carbon black, which is a source of gaseous saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as after exposure of these mixtures to methane, phenol, benzene and toluene. The objects of study were Phaseolus vulgaris, Hordeum vulgare and soft spring wheat called “Memory of Aziev”. Statistically significant changes in the pigment complex of plants, expressed in a decrease in the content of pigments and carotenoids, an increase in the ratio of b and a chlorophyll under the action of hydrocarbons were revealed. The activity of the polyphenol oxidase enzyme tended to initially increase, in response to pollution, and to a subsequent decrease under the action of higher concentrations and high toxicity of the gas. Plant peroxidase activity increased 1.5–7 times with an increase in the concentration of toxin in comparison with the control analogues. According to the degree of phytotoxicity, the studied gases are arranged in the following sequence: phenol > mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons > benzene > toluene > methane. Phaseolus vulgaris turned out to be the most sensitive to the action of hydrocarbons, and also capable of active absorption of hydrocarbons.
Russian solar collectors for hot water supply of agricultural complexes and small private farms
Authors: Semenov I E , Ivanov A V
Published: August 2019

This paper presents data on new designs of Russian solar collectors for hot water supply. Field tests of collector installations showed its high efficiency corresponding to the best foreign analogues. The main advantage of the collector is a low cost, which is achieved by using new methods of local processing. A new cost-effective production technology for a thin-walled heat-receiving panel allows you to produce channels of any shape. Based on the method of local deformation, the production technology of the panels made it possible to arrange their manufacture in Russia and reduce the weight of the panels and their cost by 30…45% compared with the best Japanese and German counterparts.
Ecological aspects of technogenic material application in road construction technologies
Authors: Shepelev I I , Eskova E N , Potapova S O , Khizhnyak S V , Bochkov N N
Published: August 2019

It is shown in the paper that various secondary technogenic products and industrial wastes are effectively used as cheap raw materials for the production of road construction material. The hardening kinetics of the nepheline-sand mixture compacted at different initial humidity was studied, which showed that when nepheline sludge used as a binder, a relatively uniform set of strength of the samples was observed for a long time. Analysis of the aqueous extract from nepheline sludge showed there are ions of Ca++, K+, Na+, CO3
2−, HCO3
−, SO4
2−, Cl− in it. Using the method of biotesting confirmed the absence of toxic effects of the proposed technogenic materials for use in the strengthening soil of road pavement.
Technology of gluten-free pastries using sorghum flour
Authors: Temnikova Olga , Ruzyanova Anna
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this research is to create a new way of making gluten-free foods. Gluten-free cereals acreages in Russia were analyzed. It was revealed that gluten-free cereals have much less acreages than wheat one which is why gluten-free food production in Russia is so poorly developed. It is suggested to use sorghum flour as gluten-free non-traditional raw material. Physical-chemical properties of sorghum flour were determined. Gluten-free biscuit, custard and chocolate cream were obtained. Determination of obtained products organoleptic properties was conducted by potential gluten intolerant customers.
Alternative raw materials for food industry
Authors: Kohlman O I , Ivanova G V , Yamskikh T N , Ivanova A N , Nikulina E O
Published: August 2019

The paper is devoted to searching for alternative raw materials for the food industry. The purpose of this study is to develop a recipe and technology to prepare cheese curds coated with dried apricots. Conventional methods are used to study structural and mechanical parameters. The results obtained when investigating structural and mechanical indicators of fruit coating for cheese curds with the software package STATISTICA 6.0 are presented. The research involves regression and correlation analysis of experimental data. Based on the results we could determine the exact amount of each ingredient in the recipe for multicomponent fruit coating of cheese curds. A recipe and the stages of manufacturing process for the production of sweet cheese curds coated with dried fruit have been developed. The manufacturing process proposed for the production of cheese curds coated with dried fruit has a number of advantages in comparison with the traditional technologies for the production of glazed cheese curds. Replacing the chocolate glaze with dried apricots resulted in decreasing the cost of the cheese curds coated with dried apricots per 5 kg batch. Moreover, cheese curds with the fruit coating are a good source of complete proteins, fiber, vitamin C, and minerals.
Geochemical processes of mercury transformation in the river-sea system
Authors: Nguyen N T T
Published: August 2019

In this paper, the average concentrations of mercury in river water and suspension in seawater were presented. The authors gave the spatial distribution of mercury in the dissolved and suspended forms and in the bottom sediments. The studies were carried out at 30 stations twice a year (in the period of high water and low water) in the period 2014 – 2016. Samples of the bottom sediments were collected in the surface layer. The spatial distribution of mercury was performed by Kriging interpolation in ArcGIS 10.2.2. It was shown that the river flow is dominated by dissolved forms of mercury at the top and suspended forms in the mouths of watercourses, while the sea is dominated by dissolved forms. The geochemical transformation processes of the river sedimentary substance (dissolved and suspended forms of mercury) in the mixing zone of the river and sea waters (in the area of the so-called marginal ocean filter) have been studied in detail. It has been shown that, the marginal filter is characterized by flocculation of inorganic and organic dissolved substances with concomitant capture of dissolved forms of metals, which can lead to an increase in the proportion of mercury carried on the suspended substance. The content of suspended forms of metal was reduced due to the self-purification of the water system from the river material and the transition to marine conditions.
Calculating the process of straightening low-stiff cylindrical parts by cross-rolling with smooth plates
Authors: Zykova Marina , Zaides Semen , Bobrovskij Nikolaj , Quang Le Hong , Levitskih Olesja , Petr Salov , Lukyanov Aleksey
Published: August 2019

To restore the shape of curved low-stiff cylindrical parts such as shafts and axles, the process of straightening by transverse bending is considered with subsequent hardening by the method of surface plastic deformation based on the transverse rolling of the cylindrical part with flat plates. The stress states of parts during editing are determined using the Ansys Workbench software package. The results of the distribution of the intensity of operating voltages and residual stresses over the cross section of the cylinder, depending on the absolute compression, are presented. The process in question can be implemented without the use of environmentally hazardous lubricating cooling technological means, which makes it possible to attribute it in the future to one of the types of green mechanical processing technologies.
Comparative economic characteristics of environmental protection tools
Authors: Veklenko V I , Soloshenko R V , Glebova I A , Nikiforov-Nikishin D L , Klimov V A
Published: August 2019

The relative advantages of the tools for the environmental protection have been assessed in the article. From the economical point of view emission taxes, subsidies for abatement of emissions, and market-based permit system are more preferable in comparison with the control and management systems. The control of emissions for each organization can be achieved only in case when the marginal costs of abatement for each pollutant are known, which is unlikely in practice. In case of immiscible pollution, the determination of the marginal costs of organizations to control emissions is not required only for permitting schemes, which gives them an advantage over other tools. The least expensive for achieving a particular purpose in the fight against pollution is the tool of minimum technological requirements for the protection of the environment. The long-term effect of the instrument depends on the net income effect and the effect of technological innovation. Subsidy schemes or alternative methods of initial distribution of market permits at the expense of positive effects of income can increase the size of the industry, which is undesirable from the ecological point of view. In order to neutralize this effect, the organizations of the subsidized industry may be obliged to make one-time payments, the amount of which is the total cost of subsidies. The second way is the induced impact on the pace of technological innovation. Control and management tools have weak incentives for innovation. An emissions tax (or emission control subsidy) will encourage environmentally sound innovation. In the market scheme, emission reductions reduce taxes. Pollution control instruments have different consequences for the distribution of income in the economy and the competitiveness of the economy.
Carbon balance in case of short-term green manure of a fallow in the conditions of the Baikal forest-steppe
Authors: Sokolova L G , Yu Zorina S , Pomortsev A V , Dorofeev N V
Published: August 2019

Changes in carbon balance during short-term green manure of a fallow in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Baikal region are studied on the basis of the results of three-year field experiments. It was revealed that the introduction of green mass of oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus var. Oleifera Metzg) into gray forest soil at the end of the summer period significantly activates the processes of mineralization. The total CO2 emission from the soil surface in the variants with green manure increases by 1.3–1.6 times as compared with pure fallow. Compensation of gaseous carbon losses due to newly introduced organic matter is possible only at high yields of oilseed radish (3-5 tons of dry matter per ha) and hydrothermal conditions unfavourable for its mineralization. Under favourable conditions for the mineralization of fresh organic matter, a negative carbon balance is formed, but its value remains less deficient than in the variants of pure fallow. The data obtained allow us to recommend this technique of agriculture to reduce the share of net sources of carbon dioxide in the carbon balance.
Transformation of soil and land resources of the Middle Siberia in the conditions of climatic changes
Authors: Shpedt A A , Ligaeva N A , Emelyanov D V
Published: August 2019

The paper describes the fields of transformation of soil and land resources of the Middle Siberia as the result of long-term climatic changes. The description of soil and land resources is given. The climatic changes have been evaluated for the period from 1919 to 2018, and increase of the annual mean air temperature and amount of precipitation in natural zones of the region has been established on the basis of the analysis of linear trends. Under the impact of these factors, shifting of zone borders occurs, which leads to replacement of the soil cover structure at the species, generic and subtype levels. Changing regimes and soil properties cause the necessity to use new sorts and adapted technologies for crop growing.
Comparison of drinking water quality in terms of relative concentrations and carcinogenic risks of trihalomethanes
Authors: Malkova M A , Vozhdaeva M Y , Kantor E A , Melnitskii I A
Published: August 2019

An assessment of the drinking water quality according to the content of trihalomethanes on the surface and infiltration water intakes of the city of Ufa using threshold and non-threshold methods was carried out. The threshold method was estimated by calculating the summation coefficient. The non-threshold method was based on the calculation of the individual and total carcinogenic risks of the trihalomethanes components: trichloromethane, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane. The summation coefficient, calculated on the content of trihalomethanes, for surface and infiltration water intakes was respectively 0.56 and 0.15. A greater contribution to the summation coefficient is made by trichloromethane. On the surface water intake, the values of carcinogenic risks are within 1.1·10−6 – 6.3·10−6, on the infiltration water intake risks are within 9.1·10−7 - 2.8·10−6, which does not exceed the maximum permissible values. A large proportion of the carcinogenic risk for the two types of water intake accounts for bromodichloromethane. The calculations show the need for measures in order to reduce the total content of trihalomethanes, primarily bromine-containing ones.
Using of the methods of landscape research in determining allowable recreational pressure
Authors: Astashin A E , Astashina N I , Vasilieva E A , Ilicheva E V
Published: August 2019

The development of tourism, as one of the most dynamically developing sectors of the economy, entails an increase in the recreational pressure on the visited territories. The research of modern landscapes shows that their use for recreational purposes can lead not only to significant negative changes in individual components, but also to fundamental disturbances and degradation of landscapes in general. In this connection, the systematic monitoring of the recreational pressure, the search for its optimal values, which do not entail the degradation of the landscape, is of particular relevance. Research of the recreational capacity of landscapes was started as far back as the twentieth century. Over the past decades, the standards of recreational pressure for the most common types of landscapes have been defined. Based on the developed methods of assessing the degree of recreational landscape digression, measures to improve the landscape have been proposed. It has been established that the increase in the economic effect from the development of tourism and recreation is possible on the basis of landscape and recreational analysis, which takes into account the individual characteristics of the territory when determining the permissible recreational pressure. The article briefly describes the main groups of landscape research methods used in determining the permissible recreational pressure on the landscape. The most important parameter on which the researchers rely when they calculate the permissible recreational pressure on the landscape is the density of the recreational pressure. During research of the density of recreational pressure, some traditional methods of researching landscapes are applicable, for example, conducting reconnaissance routes. The analysis of approaches to the definition of permissible recreational pressure on the landscape is spent, a brief algorithm for conducting landscape research at the local level is given, and the example of creating the appropriate landscape maps is given. The article presents the results of landscape researches, conducted on the territory of the Vorotynsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The analysis shows that sustainable development of tourism and recreation can be based on the results of extensive research, including the establishment of landscape features of the territory and the determination of optimal types of recreational activities and the degree of its intensity for each natural-territorial complex.
Oxygen activity as a function of the composition of mixed fertilizers
Authors: Podshivalova A K
Published: August 2019

The influence of the component composition of mixed mineral fertilizers and soils on the oxygen activity in the composition of mixed nitrogen-containing, phosphorus-containing and potassium-containing mineral fertilizers was studied. The study was performed by the method of physicochemical modeling based on the “Selector” software package. The following system totals were calculated: the isobaric-isothermal potential of the system, the chemical potentials of the respective independent components, the number of components of the solution, the amount of emitted gases, the pH of the solution, the redox potential of the system. A significant positive effect of limestone and hydrated lime on the chemical activity of oxygen has been revealed. It is shown that clay soils, from the standpoint of chemical thermodynamics, are favorable in terms of increasing the oxygen activity when using nitrogen-containing, phosphorus-containing and potassium-containing fertilizers.
Low carbon global economy: scenarios of sustainable development, power consumption and greenhouse gas emission control
Authors: Maiorova T V , Belik I S , Ponomareva O S , Kolyada L G
Published: August 2019

This paper is devoted to problems of a gradual transfer to renewable energy sources and decarbonization of power systems. It presents the analysis of the structure and the trend in global power consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and target values of decreased emissions by the largest greenhouse gas emitters. A trend in renewable energy sources in total global power consumption is analyzed. The authors study a potential for carbon capture and storage as an instrument of CO2 emission neutralization in power and industrial processes. The paper contains indicators to evaluate efficiency of power resource utilization and greenhouse gas emission control.
The current state analysis of the agro-forest landscape components based on the geoinformational systems usage
Authors: Denisova E V , Silova V A
Published: August 2019

The implementation of the modern geoinformational technologies allows to structure all components of the agro-forest landscape, define their qualitative and quantitative condition, dynamic pattern and make long-term and long-range programmes for the sustainable territory development absolutely precisely.
Modernization of systems of air clearing in treatment facilities
Authors: Evsina E M , Alikova T V , Zolotareva N V
Published: August 2019

New options are proposed for the modernization of existing air purification systems using know-how in the wastewater treatment plants themselves and in the area of their location. For air purification, it is proposed to use a new highly effective sorbent material, which is a claydite, covered with a thin layer of pyrolusite (manganese dioxide). This sorbent, which is in a wet state, oxidizes organic and inorganic toxicants on its surface, and also destroys pathogens. The proposed sorbent material is a natural formation obtained from the available raw materials approved for use for which additional permits are not required. Currently on the market there are no direct analogues of this product. Especially it is necessary to note a low cost of a new highly efficient sorbent material. In modern conditions, as a result of the increasing exploitation of water resources, the problems of human impact on the environment become particularly acute. These impacts, as a rule, are accompanied by factors that adversely affect the ecological state of the environment, both in the area of operation of the treatment facilities and in places far from them.
The recultivation of the soils, contaminated with petrol and diesel fuel, with the help of earthworms Dendrobena veneta and the complex of microorganisms
Authors: Chachina S B , Voronkova N A , Shadrin M A , Evdokimov N S
Published: August 2019

The article investigates bioremediation efficiency of the soil contaminated with petroleum (20 to 60 g/kg) and diesel fuel (20 to 40 g/kg) with the help of earthworms Dendrobena veneta in the presence of bacteria Paenibacillus pabuli, Azotobacter vinelandii, Lactobacillus casei, Clostridium limosum, Cronobacter sakazakii, Rhodotorulla mucilaginosa, Cryptococcus albidus, eria, yeasts Saccharomyces, fungi Aspergillus and Penicillium, as well as Actinomycetales, all being components of biopreparation Baykal-EM. It was demonstrated that in oil-contaminated soil, the content of hydrocarbons decreased by 95 % after 22 weeks in the presence of worms and bacteria. The microbiological preparation introduction increased the earthworms’ survivability in oil-contaminated substrate. Microbiological preparation introduction improved the earthworms’ survival in contaminated substrate. The microbiological preparation introduction, therefore, allowed to use Dendrobena veneta for soil recultivation with higher oil concentrations that was impossible in the past. In petroleum-contaminated soil the content of hydrocarbons decreased by 97% after 5 months. The presence of the diesel fuel in the amount of 40 g per 1 kg soil had an acute toxic effect and caused the death of 90 % earthworm species in 14 days. Bacteria introduction enhanced the toxic effect of the diesel fuel and resulted in the death of 100 % earthworms after 7 days.
The problems of recreational territories of Pre-Olkhon area and Olkhon island
Authors: Ponomarenko E A , Kolomina T M
Published: August 2019

This paper contains the studies of the basic processes of degradation of geosystems on two key plots, exactly, Pre-Olkhon area and Olkhon island under conditions of recreational impact. As a result of observing this territory the assessment of terrestrial vertebrate diversity has been determined, the rate of degradation processes has been established and statistical dependence between parameters of geosystems and intensity of degradation has been found. Basing on the conducted researches it was revealed that the recreational territory of Pre-Olkhon area and Olkhon island has a high degree of degradation (IV-Vth stages of digression). The most difficult situation takes place on the coast of the Small Sea and on the island of Olkhon. The safe level of recreational load in this area without special arrangement of the territory should not exceed 1 person/ha.
Effects of structural materials’ chemical composition as considered in mathematical modeling built objects combustion processes
Authors: Vyachkina E A , Vyachkin E S
Published: August 2019

The article presents a symbolic (mathematical) model of combustion process alongside with its software implementation. The authors focus on effects of chemical composition of construction and finishing (decoration) materials involved in the process. The model was programmed before validation for adequacy and thus presents something more than description of chemical and physical moieties of combustion process.
Rational nature management of urban flora in urban floristry
Authors: Dogadina M A , Botuz N I
Published: August 2019

Recently rational nature management of the urban flora in the sphere of the influence of anthropogenic factor on the life state of plants has become one of the urgent problems of the environmental protection. The urban flora used in urban floristry should include the adapted species resistant to abiotic and biotic stress-factors, as well as to damage by entomological and phytopathological agents. The assessment of flowering shrubs-introducents and native species in the urban environment of the city of Orel allowed us to rank the plantings of general and limited use andplantings for special purpose accordingto their life state for the tolerance to stress factors. The promising species for the urban floristry are: Berberis thunbergii, Chaenomeles japonica, Lonicera caprifolium, Physocarpus opulifolius, Philadelphia coronaries, Sorbaria Sorbifolia, Syringa velutina and Weigela florida.
Research of processes of lead ion sorption on bentonite clay and pectin
Authors: Mostalygina L V , Elizarova S N , Kostin A V , Mostalygin A G
Published: August 2019

The kinetics of lead ion sorption on the pectin, excreted from vegetable objects, bentonite clay and complex sorbing agent, received on their basis, is studied. It is shown that the speed of sorption is maximum in the initial 10 minutes. The equilibration time ranges from 30 to 90 minutes, depending on the concentration of metal ions and the composition of sorbing agent. The processing of experimental sorption isotherm is made it is stated that Langmuir model suits best for the description of sorption processes.
The study of polyurethane adhesive composition in aggressive environments
Authors: Nugaeva V O , Rodionov Yu V
Published: August 2019

As a result of the research, the effectiveness of the use of the proposed fast-curing adhesive composition based on cold-curing polyurethanes during car repairs was confirmed. Prerequisites have been created for creating a new generation of universal polyurethane adhesive compositions for restoring vehicles with improved adhesion, physical engineering and performance properties that are highly resistant to aggressive environments and are made from materials of domestic production. The feasibility of the work is due to the presence in the market of expensive analogs of foreign production for the restoration of car parts, and therefore the task is to develop import-substituting compositions.
Hydrodynamic cavitation unit for improving the performance of irrigation water during plant growing
Authors: Baranova M P
Published: August 2019

The computational and experimental work was carried out using the SolidWorks system. The main structural parameters of a hydrodynamic cavitation unit, designed to prepare irrigation water in the process of watering plants and pre-soaking seed before seeding, are determined. The unit has been manufactured and tested. It was established experimentally that the opening angle of the impeller wedge should be 40 and 800, and a sufficient rotor speed – 10.000 rpm. A more effective form of a hydraulic brake for this cavitation unit was determined, which made it possible to obtain irrigation water with a pH of from 7.2 to 8.5 on average, and an oxygen content of 4.6 to 6.5 mg / l. It is shown that cavitation allows the use of water for irrigation, even from polluted natural sources, since the process of purification of polluted wastewater proceeds in parallel.
Probability analysis of water quality by turbidity
Authors: Yalaletdinova A V , Beloliptsev I I , Galimova Y O , Yu Vozhdaeva M , Kantor E A
Published: August 2019

The distribution of turbidity values in given sample is analyzed. The results demonstrated that the nature of the distribution of turbidity values during the year largely depends on the seasonal factor, hence the analysis of the distribution of turbidity is performed separately for each month. Order statistic (variation series) is computed and an empirical distribution function of turbidity values is derived. It is concluded, that the distribution of turbidity in given water sample differs from normal, log-normal and gamma distributions. However, it can be described with sufficient accuracy by a cubic polynomial function. The turbidity distribution hypothesis is tested by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The water turbidity distribution function predicts the probability of exceeding the specified values of turbidity and enables numerical assessment of its likelihood.
Expert study of emission monitoring equipment for Russian thermal power plants
Authors: Tynchenko Ya A , Kovalev I V
Published: August 2019

The equipment for production and environmental monitoring, which is operated at many thermal power plants of the Russian Federation at the lower level of systems for continuous monitoring of emissions, is considered. At this level, measurements are carried out on the basis of agreed and certified methods, the collection and conversion of primary information to a standard type, routine maintenance and monitoring of the functioning of measuring systems and auxiliary equipment. The choice of specific gas analytical systems is associated with certain difficulties, since they all have their own advantages and disadvantages, and for the optimal choice of equipment it is necessary to take into account many different factors and parameters. The expert analysis carried out can complement the results of a preliminary survey by personnel of pulverized coal-fired power plants or by a specialized organization that designs systems for continuous monitoring of emissions of such stations, used in the development of the reference terms.
Ecological state of honey plants in apiaries of the Tyumen region
Authors: Pashayan S A
Published: August 2019

The paper is devoted to the problems of the ecological state of honey plants of the Tyumen region. It is shown that the local conditions are very prominent for locating the apiary and its branches in the most advantageous place. As a result of the research, it was found that the flowers of the yellow clover, meadow clover and coltsfoot exhibit low cumulative properties to pollutants. Studies have shown that honey plants in the spring and summer flowering periods show different cumulative properties of pollutants. The regularity of the content of heavy metals, radionuclides and pesticides in honey plants of beekeeping areas has been established.
Environmental condition of saline compact soils of the Central Pre-Caucasian region and its sanitation
Authors: Belovolova A A , Yu Lobankova O , Gromova N V , Yu Ozheredorova A , Korostylev S A
Published: August 2019

The main factors determining the change of the ecological situation in the zone of salinized compact chernozems distribution are the hydrological state, waterlogging, water erosion and the use of chemical crop products. In order to prevent further progress in the degradation of these lands, a number of activities are required. The most important task is to ensure the expanded reproduction of soil fertility. Its solution suggests the systematic application of fertilizers. A great advantage on saline soils should be given to organic fertilizers in order to maintain stocks of humus. The value of humus in their composition increases even more due to the fact that it reduces the possible negative impact on plants of some components of the mineral part of the soil, improves its water-physical properties. Humus limits the leaching of nitrogen caused by uncontrolled mineralization, increases the filtering and buffering effect of the soil and groundwater. In the intensive farming system, a deficit-free humus balance can be observed by combining the use of organic and mineral fertilizers. At the same time, the use of higher doses of them leads to pollution of the soil, plants and the environment. Therefore, the use of fertilizers should be carried out taking into account the biological needs of plants and specific soil conditions. On saline soils, due to a significant reduction in plant growth parameters and the biomass formed by them, the removal of nutrients in the composition of the primary and secondary crop significantly decreases. In addition, they are characterized by relatively high osmotic potential, which may further increase due to the application of higher doses of fertilizers. Therefore, in these conditions, moderate and small doses of mineral fertilizers are effective, and they meet the needs of plants and the interests of the soil ecology.
Poultry waste recycling - highly efficient business
Authors: Zazykina L A , Roiter L M
Published: August 2019

The article discusses the issue of increasing the income of poultry farms when using waste recycling. Based on the analysis of the poultry products market and waste structure, it was concluded that waste recycling is extremely important from the point of view of environmental factors. As a result of the marketing research, possible loss of profits of the poultry farms were revealed when not using recycling. A review of existing methods of calculating the financial efficiency of recycling is given, and a calculation toolkit confirming the economic feasibility of using recycling when taking into account new indicators proposed by the authors is given.
Preliminary results of a Taimyr-Evenk reindeer population study using the Argos/GPS satellite system in 2015-2016
Authors: Savchenko A P , Savchenko I A , Savchenko P A , Dubintsov S A , Karpova N V , Muravyov A N
Published: August 2019

The goal of the study was to investigate the distribution of tagged wild reindeers on the territory of Evenkiya and to provide recommendations on preserving and rational use of the population. The study was performed in 2015–2016 by the Department of Hunting Resources Research and Nature Reserve Management of the Siberian Federal University. The relocations of 10 wild reindeers equipped with Argos satellite tags were monitored, land and aerial surveys of the reindeers were also performed. Besides, taxation and cartographic documents of the State Hunting Register, as well as information received from hunters and hunting providers were used during the research. The areas of divisions were delimited mostly with the help of GIS-technologies. The borders of habitats, their size and the character of animal moving were found through signals received from satellite radio tags. To assess the behavior of the animals, the speed of their movements was analyzed both by the azimuth straight line between two daily points and by a tortuous trajectory. The maximum duration of signal from collars with new battery blocks in 2015-2016 was 438 and 444 days. The total distance covered by reindeers by the beginning of the third decade of July was 1641.1 km from locations of tagging, according to the satellite positioning data. The average speed was 13.5 km per day. A radical decrease in the number of tagged reindeers occurs with the beginning of spring migration. Two large waves of reindeer migration with an interval of 20–26 days have been observed in recent years. The positioning of tagged animals provides objective information on the migration of the herds, their fawning and wintering grounds. The possibilities of using a database for complex quality assessment of the population size and location of reindeer resources of Yessey group, as well as features of their habitats, are discussed in the article, with the biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic factors being taken into consideration.
Experimental model of toxic hepatitis on rabbits
Authors: Gracheva O A , Pugatina A E , Zukhrabov M G , Amirov D R , Tamimdarov B F
Published: August 2019

One of the methods for investigating complex mechanisms of pathological process development in the body is biological modeling. Absence of standardized reproducible experimental models makes comparative assessment of multiple drug efficacy studies including in case of liver diseases much more difficult. Among experimental toxic lesions of the liver, the model of liver lesion induced by tetrachloromethane in mice is widely spread, which has considerable drawbacks. So, for certain tasks it becomes necessary to work with other animal species, in particular, with rabbits. Modeling of acute and chronic lesion of liver was done by intraperitoneal administration of 50 % carbon tetrachloride olive oil solution based on 1 ml per kg of body mass twice a week. In the course of experiment, on day 5 rabbits develop toxic lesion of liver supported by hematology examination. Hepatic functional insufficiency was characterized by hypoproteinemia, dislipidemia, statistically significant increase of serum transaminase activity, total bilirubin. Ultrasound, x-ray, morphological analysis of liver tissues in experimental rabbits showed changes consistent with hepatitis signs. Thus, this investigation has demonstrated that use of rabbits as a model gives a number of advantages: the possibility of studying biochemical markers in dynamics, ultrasound and x-ray monitoring of lesion.
Environmental management factors
Authors: Barmashova T I , Lazutkina E V
Published: August 2019

The article analyses some factors of rational nature management. The concept of the rational is specified. The prospects of explication of this concept not only in the epistemological aspect but also in the sociological, praxiological and axiological aspects are shown and essential characteristics of rationality are revealed. The main conclusions of the study are that the rational improvement of the mechanism of environmental management inevitably involves humanisation of all spheres of society: social economic, political, managerial, educational, etc. A fundamental regulator of human activity in the field of environmental management is the ethical component that contributes to the implementation of the principle of co-evolution in the relationship between man and nature and the development of optimal factors of environmental management.
Beef production of black-and-white breed depending on the degree of fattening
Authors: Kudrin M R , Izhboldina S N , Shklyaev K L , Nikolaev V A , Selezneva N V
Published: August 2019

The studies present the indices of lifetime beef production of fed and non-fed culled cows and young cattle. The research findings showed that the average preslaughter body weight of cows after fattening upon sale to the meat-processing plants was 696.0±28.39 kg, and in cows that were not on feed it was 567.0±15.58 kg, which was 129.2 kg less compared to cows sold after fattening. The average preslaughter body weight of first-calf heifers after fattening when sold to the processing plants was 474.8±6.87 kg, and in first-calf heifers that were not on feed it was 444.0±4.29 kg, which was 30.8 kg less compared to first-calf heifers sold after fattening. The average preslaughter body weight of fattened young cattle when sold to the processing plants was 400.50±4.64 kg, and in young cattle that was not on feed it was 353.25±8.43 kg, which is 47.25 kg less compared to fattened young cattle. Not a single animal met the criteria of “super”, “prima” and “extra” category in terms of the body weight. Preslaughter body weight of studied cows according to age-sex groups also met the criteria for black-and-white cattle breed. Fatness category after fattening of first-calf heifers mainly corresponded to “extra” and “prima” categories, class B and subclass 1, while non-fed first-calf heifers corresponded to “excellent” and “good” category, class G, subclass 1. Fattened young cattle is classified to “good” and “satisfactory” category class G and D, subclass 1 and 2.
The study of the influence of exogenous factors on Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA spheroplast
Authors: Yu Krynitskaya A , Petukhova E V , Kharina M V
Published: August 2019

The possibility of fixing genotoxic changes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast under the influence of physicochemical factors was evaluated using the DNA-comet assay. Peripheral blood leukocytes of mice subjected to similar effects were used as an object of comparison. The data obtained showed that under the action of both the alkylating agent and X-ray irradiation, the changes were more pronounced in experiments with leukocytes of the blood of mice. At a methyl-methane sulphonate concentration of 10 mM, the comet tail length in mouse peripheral blood leukocytes was about 40 μm, while the yeast spheroplasts tail length of a comet was 0.16 μm. The DNA content in the tail of the comet did not exceed 5 % for yeast after treatment with an alkylating agent at a concentration of 40 mM, which is 10 times less than in peripheral blood leukocytes of mice under similar conditions. Under the action of X-ray radiation, the length of the comet’s tail and the DNA content in it for spheroplasts of yeast also differed significantly from the leukocytes of the peripheral blood of the mouse. Thus, the comet test allows to register a significant increase in the level of DNA damage in yeast spheroplasts under the action of physicochemical factors in relatively high doses.
Post-mortem indices of black-and-white breed
Authors: Kudrin M R , Berezkina G Y , Shklyaev A L , Shuvalova L A , Deryushev I A
Published: August 2019

The research findings showed that the carcass weight of cows after fattening made 325.20±18.23 kg, and in cows that were not on feed it was 251.34±10.23, which was 73.86 kg less compared to cows sold after fattening. The carcass yield made 46.70 and 44.26±0.61% or 2.44% higher, respectively. The carcass weight of first-calf heifers after fattening made 193.78±2.81 kg, and in first-calf heifers that were not on feed it was 171.0±2.98 kg, which was 22.78 kg less compared to first-calf heifers after fattening. The carcass yield made 40.80 and 38.50±0.46% or 2.30% higher, respectively. The carcass weight of young cattle after fattening made 183.2±4.49 kg, and in young cattle that was not feed it was 136.93±5.69 kg, which was 46.27 kg less compared to young cattle sold after fattening. The carcass yield made 45.70±0.63 and 38.70±0.70% or 7.00% higher, respectively. The carcass yield in all age-sex groups corresponds to the indices for black-and-white breed. Not a single carcass of slaughtered animals is qualified as “super”, “prima”, “extra” and “excellent” category because they do not meet the requirements of GOST according to the carcass weight. The carcass of slaughtered animals is mainly qualified as “good”, “satisfactory” and “low” category. The results of the slaughtering of the researched animals by age-sex groups are as follows. The first-calf heifers after fattening belong to “good” category; because their carcass weight is in the range of 187.3-204.1, class G, subclass 1. The first-calf heifers without fattening correspond mainly to “satisfactory” category, because their carcass weight is in the range of 163.5-183.6 kg, class D and subclass 2. The heifers between the age of 8 month and 3 years old after fattening are mainly qualified as “excellent” category, because their carcass weight is in the range of 166.8-193.9 kg, class G, subclass 1. The heifers between the age of 8 month and 3 years old without fattening are mainly qualified as “low” category, because their carcass weight is in the range of 1128.1-153.5 kg, class D and subclass 2.
Researching of fatty acids and amino acid structure of yogurts with use of mare’s milk
Authors: Kanareykina S G , Chernyshenko Yu N , Kanareykin V I
Published: August 2019

Mare’s milk is special dietary raw materials with treatment-and-prophylactic properties. The only product released by the industry from mare’s milk in Russia is koumiss. However, koumiss is an alcohol-containing product. There is a problem of processing of mare’s milk on functional fermented milk products. The most popular fermented milk product, among the population, is yogurt. We developed compoundings of two types of yogurt with use of mare’s milk, the patent application is submitted No. 2017117840 RU for one of them of 22.05.2017 “Fermented milk product”. The purpose of work is a research of fatty acids and amino acid structure of new yogurts with use of mare’s milk. For studying two samples of yogurts were made. As raw materials mare’s milk of the Bashkir breed was used. Production and researches of prototypes of yogurt were conducted on the basis of “Bashkir State Agrarian University“(Ufa), the accredited laboratory center FGBUN “FITs food and biotechnologies” (Moscow). The analysis of fatty acids composition of samples of yogurts showed that they have high content olein, γ-linolenic, α-linolenic and arakhidonovy acids. Data on the content of amino acids in yogurts with use of mare’s milk show that they are characterized by the high content of the irreplaceable amino acids proving the high biological value of ready-made products. The research is executed with financial support FBSI “Fund of Assistance to Development of Small Forms of the Enterprises in the Scientific and Technical Sphere” within state. contract No. 1202GS1/21741 of 05.05.2016.
Duration of economic use of lithuanian heavy draft stud mares
Authors: Holodova L V , Onegov A V , Yu Smolentsev S , Rozhentsov A L , Mikhalev E V
Published: August 2019

The development of milk horse breeding in Russia contributes to the high genetic potential of heavy draft stud mares. The Republic of Mari El has been breeding heavy draft horses to produce koumiss since 1977. The efficiency of heavy draft horse breeding depends on the intensity of use of the breeding stock. At the same time the duration of economic use of animals is of great importance as the duration of the use of horses provides not only economic benefits but also the breeding progress of the herd. The studies on duration of economic use of Lithuanian heavy draft stud mares and their lifetime productivity were conducted on the Koumiss farm of ZAO PZ “Semenovsky” of the Medvedevsky region of the Mari El Republic. The studies have shown that the duration of economic use of Lithuanian heavy draft stud mares on the farm is 4, 195 days or 11.5 years on the average. The study of the lifetime productivity revealed that the Lithuanian heavy draft stud mares had a high lifetime milk yield. As a result of the research the significant positive correlation between the duration of use of the mares and their lifetime milk yield was found out. There is a small positive correlation between the duration of economic use and 1-day milk yield of the economic use and 1-day lactation. The analysis of duration of economic use of Lithuanian heavy draft stud mares depending on their father’s genotype has showed that the longest lactation in the herd was among the daughters of stallion Sunkumas 32 – 15 years. Thus, when conducting selection and breeding work, the farms have great possibilities to increase the period of economic use of horses on this farm and increase their lifetime productivity.