bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Multi‐Component Phase Equilibria of Polymers using Approximations to Flory–Huggins Theory
Authors: van Leuken Stijn H. M. , van Benthem Rolf A. T. M. , Tuinier Remco , Vis Mark
Published: February 2023

The rational development of sustainable polymeric materials demands tunable properties using mixtures of polymers with chemical variations. At the same time, the sheer number of potential variations and combinations makes experimentally or numerically studying every new mixture impractical. A direct predictive tool quantifying how material properties change when molecular features change provides a less time‐ and resource‐consuming route to optimization. Numerically solving Flory–Huggins theory provides such a tool for mono‐disperse mixtures with a limited number of components, but for multi‐component systems the large number of equations makes numerical computations challenging. Approximate solutions to Flory–Huggins theory relating miscibility and solubility to molecular features are presented. The set of approximate relations show a wider range of accuracy compared to existing approximations. The combination of the analytical, lower‐order, and more accurate higher‐order approximations together contribute to a broader applicability and extensibility of Flory–Huggins theory.
Direct cellular targets and anticancer mechanisms of the natural product oridonin
Authors: Yao Jialin , Liu Lu , Sun Qingxiang , Shen Xiaofei
Published: February 2023

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The proliferation, survival, and metastasis of cancer cells are governed by a complex series of intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways. Therefore, efficient cancer therapy often requires the modulation of multiple targets. Besides, the modulation of several biological targets with a single drug can lead to synergistic therapeutic effects and avoid side effects associated with combination therapy. Oridonin, an ent‐kaurane type diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, has been reported to possess potent anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and neuroprotective activities. Among its many benefits, the anticancer effects have attracted the most attention because of its effectiveness in many tumor cells and its potential to overcome therapeutic resistance. Recently, several proteins involved in oncogenic signaling, including CRM1, PHGDH, HSP70, AML1‐ETO, and STAT3, were identified as functional targets of oridonin and its analogs. The binding mechanism and the consequence of oridonin binding to these oncogenic proteins are summarized and discussed. These advances suggest that oridonin exhibits broad spectrum anticancer effects by targeting multiple oncogenic proteins mainly via Michael addition between its unsaturated ketone and the cysteines in the target proteins. Therefore, oridonin and its derivatives hold the potential to be developed as multitargeting anticancer drugs.
A new patient with congenital myasthenic syndrome type 20 due to compound heterozygous missense SLC5A7 variants suggests trends in genotype–phenotype correlation
Authors: Vlckova Marketa , Prchalova Darina , Zimmermann Pavel , Haberlova Jana , Bendova Sarka , Moslerova Veronika , Stranecky Viktor , Sedlacek Zdenek , Hancarova Miroslava
Published: February 2023

Background

Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs) are characterized by hypotonia, episodic apnea, muscle weakness, ptosis and generalized fatigability. CMS type 20 (CMS20) is a rare disorder caused by variants in SLC5A7. In contrast to most other CMSs, CMS20 is also associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Only 19 patients from 14 families have been reported so far.

Methods

We studied a 12‐year‐old boy with symptoms manifested at six weeks of age. Later, he also showed speech delay, moderate intellectual disability and autism. Analysis of CMS genes known at the time of clinical diagnosis yielded no results. Trio exome sequencing (ES) was performed.

Results

ES revealed compound heterozygosity for two SLC5A7 variants, p.(Asn431Lys) and p.(Ile291Thr). While the first variant was absent from all databases, the second variant has already been described in one patient. In silico analysis of known pathogenic SLC5A7 variants showed that variants with a higher predicted deleteriousness may be associated with earlier onset and increased severity of neuromuscular manifestations.

Conclusion

Our patient confirms that CMS20 can be associated with NDDs. The study illustrates the strength of ES in deciphering the genetic basis of rare diseases, contributes to characterization of CMS20 and suggests trends in genotype–phenotype correlation in CMS20.
Mild solutions of semilinear evolution equation and their applications in second‐order hyperbolic PDE
Authors: Mursaleen Mohammad , Allahyari Asghar , Amiri Kayvanloo Hojjatollah , Shole Haghighi Ali , Allahyari Reza
Published: February 2023

The principal goal of this work is to solvability of the mild solution for the second‐order hyperbolic PDE with initial/boundary‐value problem with nonlocal condition of the form

where
is open. Our analysis relies on the technique of measure of noncompactness.
Novel Peptides from Sea Cucumber Intestinal Enzyme Hydrolysates Promote Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Phosphorylation of PPARγ at Serine 112
Authors: Yue Hao , Leng Zhibing , Bo Yuying , Tian Yingying , Yan Ziyi , Xue Changhu , Dong Ping , Wang Jingfeng
Published: February 2023

Scope

Osteo‐adipogenic differentiation imbalance of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) has been linked to a variety of pathophysiological processes such as obesity and osteoporosis. Recent studies report that the phosphorylation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) Ser112 affects the fate decision of BMSCs. Novel peptides from the sea cucumber intestinal peptide (SCIP) have been proved to promote the growth of longitudinal bone. However, it is unclear the effect of SCIP on BMSCs differentiation fate.

Methods and results

BMSCs in vitro and glucocorticoid induced mice are employed to investigate the effects of SCIP on osteo‐adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In vitro results show that SCIP supplement significantly promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, upregulates the expression of osteogenic marker. In vivo results show that SCIP supplement ameliorates the osteo‐adipogenic differentiation imbalance in glucocorticoid‐treated mice, decreases bone marrow fat, and elevates bone mineral density. Mechanistically, SCIP supplement promotes and maintains the phosphorylation of PPARγ Ser112 through AMPK/ERK and TAZ signals, thereby inducing the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.

Conclusion

Supplement with SCIP promotes BMSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts. These results suggest that SCIP has potential as a functional food to improve obesity and osteoporosis.
Micellar and solubilizing properties of rhamnolipids
Authors: Arkhipov Victor P. , Arkhipov Ruslan V. , Petrova Ekaterina V. , Filippov Andrei
Published: February 2023

We studied the micellar and solubilizing properties of aqueous solutions of unfractionated rhamnolipids produced byPseudomonas aeruginosa. We used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) diffusometry, dynamic light scattering, and conductometry to measure the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of rhamnolipid solutions and determined the effective hydrodynamic radii of rhamnolipid monomers and micelles. Based on selective measurements of the self‐diffusion coefficients of molecules, performed by NMR diffusometry, the solubilizing properties of rhamnolipids were studied depending on their concentration in solution; aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and para‐xylene were taken as solubilizates. On the basis of the measurement results, we estimated the distribution coefficient of the solubilizate between the micellar (solubilized) and free (in the aqueous phase) states and the solubilizing capacity of rhamnolipid micelles.
Sensitivity considerations on denoising series of spectra by singular value decomposition
Authors: Bruno Francesco , Fiorucci Letizia , Ravera Enrico
Published: February 2023

When acquiring series of spectra (
, CP buildup curves, etc.) on samples with poor SNR, we are usually faced with choosing between taking a few points with a large number of scans to maximize the SNR or more points with a smaller number of scans to maximize the information content. In this Letter, we show how low‐rank decomposition can be used to denoise a series of spectra, reducing the trade‐off between the number of scans and the number of experiments.
Randomized trial of inosine for urate elevation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Walk David , Nicholson Katharine , Locatelli Eduardo , Chan James , Macklin Eric A. , Ferment Valerie , Manousakis Georgios , Chase Marianne , Connolly Mariah , Dagostino Derek , Hall Meghan , Ostrow Joseph , Pothier Lindsay , Lieberman Cassandra , Gelevski Dario , Randall Rebecca , Sherman Alexander V. , Steinhart Erin , Walker Daniela Grasso , Walker Jason , Yu Hong , Wills Anne‐Marie , Schwarzschild Michael A. , Beukenhorst Anna L. , Onnela Jukka‐Pekka , Berry James D. , Cudkowicz Merit E. , Paganoni Sabrina
Published: February 2023

Introduction/Aims

Higher urate levels are associated with improved ALS survival in retrospective studies, however whether raising urate levels confers a survival advantage is unknown. In the Safety of Urate Elevation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (SURE‐ALS) trial, inosine raised serum urate and was safe and well‐tolerated. The SURE‐ALS2 trial was designed to assess longer term safety. Functional outcomes and a smartphone application were also explored.

Methods

Participants were randomized 2:1 to inosine (n = 14) or placebo (n = 9) for 20 weeks, titrated to serum urate of 7–8 mg/dL. Primary outcomes were safety and tolerability. Functional outcomes were measured with the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALSFRS‐R). Mobility and ALSFRS‐R were also assessed by a smartphone application.

Results

During inosine treatment, mean urate ranged 5.68–6.82 mg/dL. Treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE) incidence was similar between groups (p > .10). Renal TEAEs occurred in three (21%) and hypertension in one (7%) of participants randomized to inosine. Inosine was tolerated in 71% of participants versus placebo 67%. Two participants (14%) in the inosine group experienced TEAEs deemed related to treatment (nephrolithiasis); one was a severe adverse event. Mean ALSFRS‐R decline did not differ between groups (p = .69). Change in measured home time was similar between groups. Digital and in‐clinic ALSFRS‐R correlated well.

Discussion

Inosine met pre‐specified criteria for safety and tolerability. A functional benefit was not demonstrated in this trial designed for safety and tolerability. Findings suggested potential utility for a smartphone application in ALS clinical and research settings.
Effect of pulse width variations on sacral neuromodulation for overactive bladder symptoms: A prospective randomized crossover feasibility study
Authors: Rueb Jessica , Goldman Howard B. , Vasavada Sandip , Moore Courtenay , Rackley Raymond , Gill Bradley C.
Published: February 2023

Introduction/Background

The pulse width (PW) parameter in sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is understudied, with no evidence‐based guidance available on optimal PW for urinary indications. The aim of this prospective, randomized, single‐blinded, 3 × 3 cross over design study was to estimate the effect of two PW settings (60 µs, 420 µs) compared to the industry standard (210 µs) on SNM efficacy, quality of life, and device parameters in patients who were stable and satisfied with their SNM treatment.

Methods/Materials

Eligible patients were previously implanted and had urge incontinence or urgency‐frequency with satisfaction on SNM at time of enrollment. Patients completed a 3‐day voiding diary, validated questionnaires, and device interrogations with sensory threshold assessment at baseline and after a 4‐week period on each of the three PW settings, to which they were randomized. Eighteen participants completed the study, as called for by power analysis.

Results

Eighteen patients were enrolled in the study. Mean age was 68 years and implant duration at the time of participation was 4.4 years. While PW variations did not produce significant differences in overall objective outcomes, device parameters, including sensory threshold amplitude and battery life differed significantly. Shortened PW necessitated higher amplitude while conserving battery life. Stimulus sensation location, quality, and intensity did not differ between PW. Standard PW was chosen by 11 patients after the study, 5 chose extended, and 2 chose shortened. Those who chose alternative PW achieved significant reductions in urinary frequency from enrollment −2.23 voids/day (p = 0.015). Upon sub‐analysis, patients reporting “much better” or “very much better” on extended PW achieved significant reductions in urinary frequency and nocturia at 5.6 and 0.4, compared to 8.5 and 2.16 at baseline (p = 0.005, p = <0.001). Whereas those reporting “much better” or “very much better” on shortened PW achieved significant reductions in urinary frequency at 5.15 compared to 7.35 (p = 0.026). There were no adverse events or complications.

Conclusions

Overall SNM effectiveness was unchanged with alternative PW; however, 39% of patients preferred alternative to standard PW and achieved significant improvements in urinary symptoms with such. Shorter PW can also provide savings in estimated battery life without sacrificing therapeutic efficacy.
Vibegron shows high efficacy in pediatric patients with refractory daytime urinary incontinence
Authors: Hyuga Taiju , Tanabe Kazuya , Kubo Taro , Nakamura Shigeru , Nakai Hideo , Moriya Kimihiko
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Sparse published reports exist nowadays on vibegron and pediatric overactive bladder, so its usefulness of this agent remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effectiveness of vibegron for pediatric cases of daytime urinary incontinence (DUI), including refractory cases.

Methods

Participants comprised 57 patients treated with vibegron for DUI from March 2019 to April 2022. To investigate treatment outcomes and risk factors for pediatric patients with refractory DUI, the following factors were evaluated: age at initiatial administration; frequency of DUI; duration of vibegron treatment; presence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs); presence of constipation; and anticholinergic medications before and after initiation of treatment.

Results

Patients included 38 boys and 19 girls with a median age at initial administration of 111 months (range: 64–202 months) and a median administration term of 6 months (range: 1–33 months). With treatment for 6 months, the response rate (complete response + partial response) was 68.3%. A total of 24 cases with NDD showed a 72.0% response rate at 6 months. As for the relationship between anticholinergic agents and vibegron, 15 cases were treated with vibegron as the first choice without anticholinergics (First‐choice cases), and 33 cases were treated with vibegron alone after switching from anticholinergics (Switch cases). Vibegron was used in combination with anticholinergic agents in 9 cases (Add‐on cases). Response rates at 6 months were 85.0% in First‐choice cases, 66.3% in Switch cases, and 40.7% in Add‐on cases. Univariate analyses failed to identify any significant risk factors for refractory cases.

Conclusions

Vibegron was effective in pediatric cases of DUI, with efficacy demonstrated within a short time in many cases. Vibegron is expected to play a significant role in the treatment of DUI in pediatric cases.
The effect of 12 weeks of estriol cream on stress urinary incontinence post‐menopause: A prospective multinational observational study
Authors: te West Nevine I. D. , Harris Katie , Jeffrey Steven , de Nie Iris , Parkin Katrina , Roovers Jan‐Paul , Moore Kate H.
Published: February 2023

Objective

To quantitate the changes in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) outcome measures after 12 weeks of vaginal estriol cream in women with stress incontinence.

Methods

A prospective multicentre observational study conducted in tertiary urogynaecology centers. Postmenopausal women with pure SUI or stress predominant mixed urinary incontinence (MUI), not receiving any other treatment for their incontinence were given written instructions regarding digital application of a standard dose of vaginal estriol cream. Outcomes were measured at baseline and 12 weeks. The primary objective outcome was vaginal pH. The primary subjective outcome was the stress domain of the Urogenital Distress Inventory‐6 (UDI‐6). The secondary objective outcome used was the erect cough stress test. Two quality of life questionnaires and two patient reported outcomes were also included.

Results

The 46 postmenopausal recruits had a median age of 62.1 interquartile range (IQR 56.2–65.4). At follow up, the primary subjective outcome SUI domain [UDI‐6] significantly improved from 83.3 (IQR 50–100) to 33.3 (33.3–66.7, p ≤ 0.001) as did vaginal pH [from 5.1 (4.9–5.9) to 4.9 (4.6–5.0] p ≤ 0.001; 18/43 patients (42%) were dry on cough stress test.

Conclusions

Twelve weeks of vaginal estriol cream significantly reduced symptoms of stress urinary incontinence in this sample of postmenopausal women.
A block Cholesky‐LU‐based QR factorization for rectangular matrices
Authors: Le Borne Sabine
Published: February 2023

The Householder method provides a stable algorithm to compute the full QR factorization of a general matrix. The standard version of the algorithm uses a sequence of orthogonal reflections to transform the matrix into upper triangular form column by column. In order to exploit (level 3 BLAS or structured matrix) computational advantages for block‐partitioned algorithms, we develop a block algorithm for the QR factorization. It is based on a well‐known block version of the Householder method which recursively divides a matrix columnwise into two smaller matrices. However, instead of continuing the recursion down to single matrix columns, we introduce a novel way to compute the QR factors in implicit Householder representation for a larger block of several matrix columns, that is, we start the recursion at a block level instead of a single column. Numerical experiments illustrate to what extent the novel approach trades some of the stability of Householder's method for the computational efficiency of block methods.
Spatial and temporal constraints of the cohesive modeling: A unified criterion for fluid‐driven fracture
Authors: Wang Quan , Yu Hao , Xu WenLong , Lyu ChengSi , Zhang JiaNing , Micheal Marembo , Wu HengAn
Published: February 2023

We present a unified criterion for cohesive modeling of fluid‐driven fracture based on the dimensional analysis to simultaneously provide the constraint for cohesive element and time step sizes. Complicated by the nonlinear interaction between solid deformation and fluid flow, the underlying correlation between discretization and physical parameters of fluid‐driven fracture is still unclear. This work studies this correlation through the dimensionless process of the governing equations that associate the cohesive element and time step sizes in a discrete regime. Three characteristic parameters (i.e., related to crack opening, fluid pressure, and fracture length) are introduced in the derivation, and two dimensionless parameters are proposed to construct the unified criterion. The criterion is validated by numerical tests of toughness‐dominated fracture with various conditions including the modulus of solid, injection rate of fluid, fracture energy, and in‐situ stress. The proposed criterion determines the spatial and temporal constraints of the cohesive zone model for modeling fluid‐driven fracture, which is often treated empirically in previous practices.
Experiences and needs of certified nursing assistants regarding coaching by bachelor‐educated registered nurses in nursing homes: A qualitative study
Authors: Van Kuppenveld Marieke , Lovink Marleen Hermien , Persoon Anke
Published: February 2023

Aims and objectives

This study aimed to gain insight into the experiences and needs of certified nursing assistants regarding their coaching by bachelor‐educated registered nurses in nursing homes.

Background

Certified nursing assistants are key in providing day‐to‐day nursing home care. They are, however, not trained to meet the increasingly complex needs of nursing home residents. For certified nursing assistants to respond to high‐complexity care, coaching by bachelor‐educated registered nurses may be appropriate. Yet, knowledge of how bachelor‐educated registered nurses can provide valid coaching is lacking.

Design

An explorative qualitative design was adopted.

Methods

Certified nursing assistants (n = 13) were purposively selected from 10 Dutch nursing homes. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted in 2020 and 2021, and thematic analysis was applied.

Results

Two main themes emerged: connecting with certified nursing assistants, and the coaching activities themselves. Certified nursing assistants deemed several aspects important for bachelor‐educated registered nurses to connect with them: respecting the autonomy of certified nursing assistants, being visible and reachable, adapting communication, clarifying own job description, and participating in care. Certified nursing assistants perceived coaching by bachelor‐educated registered nurses as valuable when they fulfil their needs through activities such as empowering, teaching, and mediating between management and certified nursing assistants.

Conclusions

Valid coaching of certified nursing assistants appears possible and requires specific competencies of bachelor‐educated registered nurses.

Relevance to clinical practice

Coaching certified nursing assistants is one way of addressing complex care needs in nursing homes, and coaching can contribute to both professional and team development. As coaching requires specific competencies of bachelor‐educated registered nurses, nursing education profiles should be enriched with this most important role. Management can facilitate coaching by providing bachelor‐educated registered nurses with a clear job description.

Patient or public contribution

Experts on coaching in nursing home settings informed the topic list. Furthermore, member check was performed.
Midwives and public health nurses' knowledge and clinical practice in securing sufficient iodine status in relation to pregnancy: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Johnsen Maren , Braaten Tonje , Skeie Guri , Laholt Hilde , Hansen Solrunn
Published: February 2023

Aim

To investigate midwives' (MWs) and public health nurses' (PHNs) clinical practice and knowledge related to nutrition, with a particular focus on iodine in northern parts of Norway. Maternal iodine status prior to and during pregnancy, and the lactating period, is crucial for brain development and growth of the foetus and infant, from conception up until the first two years of life. In Norway, studies have documented mild to moderate iodine deficiency in this group.

Design/Methods

MWs (n = 128) and PHNs (n = 154) responded to a survey regarding nutrition and iodine. Descriptive data and non‐parametric tests were used to analyse data.

Results

Around half of the participants provided dietary guidance to a great extent. Practice of iodine‐specific recommendations was lower, particularly regarding lactating women. Compared to other nutrients, iodine was not a priority.

Conclusion

The study indicates a lack of knowledge and poor clinical practice about iodine among MWs and PHNs.
Changes in body size in some bird species from the Yucatán peninsula since the Late Pleistocene
Authors: Silva‐Martínez Ana Frida , Zúñiga‐Vega J. Jaime , Arroyo‐Cabrales Joaquín , Sánchez‐González Luis A.
Published: February 2023

During the Pleistocene, the Yucatán Peninsula reached its greatest geographic extension, with 457,650 km2, but the rise of sea level after the Last Glacial Maximum (ca. 20,000–12,000 years ago) reduced its area to 225,182 km2(50.8% reduction). These geographic extension changes likely modified the extension of different habitats throughout the peninsula, which may have also promoted morphological changes in the species that inhabit this region. Here, we tested if the reduction of the geographic size of the Yucatán Peninsula may have promoted changes in the body size of three fossil bird species and two modern bird species. We compared Late Pleistocene bird fossils specimens from Loltún, Yucatán, Mexico (ca. 28,000–11,700 ya), San Josecito Cave and Tlapacoya, and study skins of collected specimens. To assess the area‐scale ratio and to establish if body size changes occurred over time from a large to a small body size, we relied on the “island rule” as a framework; we also relied on Bergmann's rule, which postulates a decreasing in size from north to south in homeothermic species to recognize if these birds show a north to south cline. Based on body mass and measurements of the tarsometatarsi, a reliable proxy for the estimation of body size, we performed statistical analyses to test for differences between fossil and non‐fossil birds, as well as to test a gradient in body mass north to south. We found a statistically significant trend in body size changes through time, from small body sizes in fossil birds to larger body sizes in non‐fossil birds. These results suggest that relatively recent ecological factors related to the environmental carrying capacity may have promoted body size variations in birds from the Yucatán Peninsula. We also found that modern population of bird species follow Bergmann's rule.
An investigation on Moringa oleifera fruit (drumstick)‐derived cellulose micro and nanofiber reinforced styrene butadiene rubber composites
Authors: Koley Riya , Ghorai Uttam Kumar , Chattopadhyay Santanu , Bhowmick Anil K.
Published: February 2023

The current focus in the elastomer industry is to look for biobased or natural filler for various compounds. The reinforcing effect of waste drumstick‐derived cellulose micro and nanofiber in styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) was investigated for the very first time. Cellulose microfibers and nanofibers were isolated from the drumstick fruit peel and characterized using different techniques such as x‐ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The filler‐polymer interaction in the composites was studied using the bound rubber measurements, which showed that the bound rubber content of the composite increased from 0.5% to 8.1% at 5 phr cellulose nanofiber loading. The tensile strength and modulus of the modified cellulose microfiber‐containing composite were higher than both the unfilled SBR and the raw fiber‐SBR composites. The addition of 5 phr nanofiber to SBR showed a 46% increment of the tensile strength than the control compound. The die swell index of the cellulose fiber reinforced composites came down attesting the better processability of the extrudates. The addition of cellulose fiber also improved the wet skid resistance of the composites as seen from dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Hence, this work confirms the application of modified drumstick microfibers and nanofibers as sustainable fillers for high‐performance elastomers composites.
Prevalence of chronic pain in children and adolescents with psychiatric conditions
Authors: Lundqvist Sara , Knez Rajna , Nagy Karin , Nasic Salmir , Kerekes Nóra , Kantzer Anne‐Katrin
Published: February 2023

The prevalence of pain in children and adolescents with psychiatric conditions is rarely investigated. The aims of the current study were to (a) describe the prevalence of headaches and abdominal pain in children and adolescents with psychiatric conditions, (b) compare the prevalence of pain in children and adolescents with psychiatric conditions with that in the general population, and (c) investigate the associations between pain experience and different types of psychiatric diagnoses. Families with a child aged 6–15 years who had been referred to a child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) clinic completed the Chronic Pain in Psychiatric Conditions questionnaire. Information about the child/adolescent's psychiatric diagnosis(es) was extracted from the CAP clinic's medical records. The children and adolescents included in the study were divided into diagnostic groups and compared. Their data were also compared with data of control subjects collected during a previous study of the general population. Abdominal pain was more common among girls with a psychiatric diagnosis (85%) than in the matched control population (62%, p = 0.031). Children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental diagnoses had a higher prevalence of abdominal pain than children and adolescents with other psychiatric diagnoses. Pain conditions in children and adolescents with a psychiatric diagnosis are common and must be addressed.
PBPK modeling of ivermectin—Considerations for the purpose of developing alternative routes to optimize its safety profile
Authors: Rowland Yeo Karen , Wesche David
Published: February 2023

Although single‐dose ivermectin has been widely used in mass‐drug administration programs for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis for many years, ivermectin may have utility as an endectocide with mosquito‐lethal effects at dosages greater and longer than those used to treat helminths. The final physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for ivermectin described here was able to capture, with reasonable accuracy, observed plasma drug concentration‐time profiles and exposures of ivermectin after a single oral dose of the drug in healthy male (dose range 6–30 mg) and female subjects, in both fasted and fed states, in African patients with onchocerciasis (150 μg/kg) and in African children. The PBPK model can be used for further work on lactation, pediatric dosing (considering CYP3A4 and Pg‐p ontogenies), and pregnancy, especially if nonstandard doses will be used. The key findings of our study indicate that absorption of ivermectin may be highly dependent on bile micelle‐mediated solubility. The drug is highly lipophilic and permeable, and its plasma exposure appears to be associated with the body mass index of an individual. These are all factors that need to be considered when extrapolating to more complex oral formulations or alternative routes of administration. Administering lower doses over a longer period may attenuate the dependence on bile micelle‐mediated solubility. With relevant inputs, the verified PBPK model developed here could be used to simulate plasma exposures following administration of ivermectin by complex generics in development.
Structural investigation of carbon nanocone through topological coindices
Authors: Shanmukha M. C. , Usha A. , Shilpa K. C. , Siddiqui Muhammad Kamran
Published: February 2023

Topological descriptors play a significant role in the selection of leading molecules for studies/drug design/research. As these descriptors equip the quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models with the physical and chemical properties of the compound, they have become alternative for traditional methods of screening the chemical libraries which is expensive and time consuming. The practicality of these descriptors in QSAR models have been largely demonstrated in the studies by various researchers globally. This study focuses on the chemical compound, carbon nanocone, for which nine degree based topological coindices are determined for such as first Zagreb coindex ), second Zagreb coindex (), Randic coindex (), reciprocal Randic coindex ), Forgotten coindex (), Atom bond connectivity coindex (), Geometric arithmetic coindex (), Sombor coindex (), SS coindex (). Accordingly, the structure of the nanocone is considered for , , , and for which numerical comparison is tabulated with respect to the graphs to understand the behavior of the coindices.
Assistent guide: A novel device for ureteral stent placement in robot‐assisted intracorporeal ileal conduit
Authors: Sasaki Yutaro , Takahashi Masayuki , Fukuta Kyotaro , Shiozaki Keito , Daizumoto Kei , Ueno Yoshiteru , Tomida Ryotaro , Tsuda Megumi , Kusuhara Yoshito , Fukawa Tomoya , Yamaguchi Kunihisa , Yamamoto Yasuyo , Izaki Hirofumi , Kanayama Hiroomi
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Ureteral stent placement in robot‐assisted intracorporeal ileal conduit formation (RICIC) is more challenging than extracorporeal urinary diversion. We developed a novel dedicated device called the Assistent guide for safe and smooth performance of ureteral stent placement by the patient‐side surgeon (PSS).

Methods

This study reviewed the clinical records of 59 patients underwent RICIC with a total of 110 ureteral stent placements: 59 stents were placed using the Assistent guide, and 51 stents were placed using a suction tip.

Results

The stenting time was significantly shorter in the Assistent guide group than in the suction tip group. Even for beginners, the stenting time was significantly shorter. The PSSs' satisfaction score was significantly higher in the Assistent guide group. No complications associated with ureteral stent placement occurred.

Conclusions

We showed the safety and efficacy of the Assistent guide for ureteral stent placement in RICIC.
Road of the least developed countries to sustainable development: Assessing trade participation in the context of the sustainable development goals
Authors: Fojtíková Lenka , Vavrek Roman , Doleželová Petra
Published: February 2023

The least developed countries (LDCs) have been declared a battleground where the success or failure of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will be decided. Being the main instrument of support of LDCs and one of the main means of the implementation of the SDGs, international trade plays a crucial role in this case. Following the importance of trade for the sustainable development of LDCs, the study evaluates the success of selected LDCs in increasing their participation in international trade since the beginning of the new millennium. The participation of LDCs in international trade and the progress they have individually made is explored using 10 criteria, which were processed by the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. The low participation of LDCs in international trade and the almost negligible progress they have made brings legitimate doubts about whether international trade can fulfill its function as a means of implementation of the SDGs in these countries.
Atypical Wells Syndrome Successfully Treated with Dupilumab
Authors: McMullan Patrick , Torre Kristin , Santiago Sueheidi , Weston Gillian , Lu Jun
Published: February 2023

Wells syndrome, also referred to as eosinophilic cellulitis, is a rare and often sporadic inflammatory skin condition whose aetiology remains uncertain. Clinically, this condition presents as a collection of erythematous, oedematous, and tender skin lesions most often affecting the extremities and trunk that can mimic cellulitis. Histologically, Wells syndrome is characterised by inflammatory changes and eosinophilic infiltration of the dermis with the absence of underlying infection, thereby distinguishing it from cellulitis. Due to the rarity of this syndrome and its ambiguous presentation, there remains to be a definitive strategy for treatment. Recent case reports have documented varying success and recurrence with the use of oral and topical corticosteroids, antifungals, antibiotics, immunosuppressants and antihistamines. Here, we report a unique case of progressively worsening neutrophilic-rich Wells syndrome on the vertex of the scalp that was successfully treated with a combination of dupilumab and oral corticosteroids.
Thermoresponsive Conductivity of Graphene‐Based Fibers
Authors: Salim Muhammad G. , Vasudevan Vaibhav , Schulman Nicholas , Zamani Somayeh , Kersey Kyle D. , Joshi Yash , AlAmer Mohammed , Choi Ji Il , Jang Seung Soon , Joo Yong Lak
Published: February 2023

Smart materials are versatile material systems which exhibit a measurable response to external stimuli. Recently, smart material systems have been developed which incorporate graphene in order to share on its various advantageous properties, such as mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity as well as to achieve unique stimuli‐dependent responses. Here, a graphene fiber‐based smart material that exhibits reversible electrical conductivity switching at a relatively low temperature (60 °C), is reported. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and density functional theory‐based non‐equilibrium Green's function (DFT‐NEGF) approach, it is revealed that this thermo‐response behavior is due to the change in configuration of amphiphilic triblock dispersant molecules occurring in the graphene fiber during heating or cooling. These conformational changes alter the total number of graphene‐graphene contacts within the composite material system, and thus the electrical conductivity as well. Additionally, this graphene fiber fabrication approach uses a scalable, facile, water‐based method, that makes it easy to modify material composition ratios. In all, this work represents an important step forward to enable complete functional tuning of graphene‐based smart materials at the nanoscale while increasing commercialization viability.
Ultrathin Ultralow‐Platinum Catalyst Coated Membrane for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Qin Jiaqi , Liu Huiyuan , Han Guangqi , Lv Yang , Wang Xiandong , Zhang Guanghui , Song Yujiang
Published: February 2023

Catalyst coated membrane (CCM) is the core component of proton exchange membrane fuel cells and is routinely fabricated by spraying Pt/C slurries onto membrane, resulting in low activity and thick catalyst layer (CL, 5–10 µm) with an unaffordable Pt loading of 0.2–0.4 mg cm−2 and a large mass transfer resistance at cathode. Highly active ultrathin ultralow‐Pt CL (UUCL) is urgently required, but remains rare. Herein, wet‐chemical direct growth of UUCLs on both sides of membrane to achieve integrated ultrathin ultralow‐Pt catalyst coated membranes (UUCCMs) with a cathodic CL thickness of 79.7 ± 15.0 nm and a Pt loading of 20.2 ± 1.6 µg cm−2 is reported. The key to this unique fabrication is the release of proton from membrane to regioselectively initiate the growth of interconnected Pd nanoneedle clusters array on membrane, followed by high‐density deposition of Pt nanoparticles on Pd (Pt/Pd UUCLs). The single cell of UUCCMs exhibits the highest mass peak power density of 59.9 W mgPt,Cathode−1 in the literature. The exceptional activity originates from high electrochemically active surface area, remarkable oxygen reduction reaction activity closely correlated with strain, and electronic effect at Pt/Pd interface, as well as improved mass transfer and optimal water management.
Carbon Dots with Guanidinium and Amino Acid Functional Groups for Targeted Small Interfering RNA Delivery toward Tumor Gene Therapy
Authors: Xu Huimin , Chang Jianqiao , Wu Hao , Wang Haoyu , Xie Wenjing , Li Yunchao , Li Xiaohong , Zhang Yang , Fan Louzhen
Published: February 2023

Small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐based gene therapy represents a promising strategy for tumor treatment. Novel gene vectors that can achieve targeted delivery of siRNA to the tumor cells without causing any side effects are urgently needed. To this end, the large amino acid mimicking carbon dots with guanidinium functionalization (LAAM GUA‐CDs) are designed and synthesized by choosing arginine and dopamine hydrochloride as precursors. LAAM GUA‐CDs can load siRNA through the multiple hydrogen bonds between their guanidinium groups and phosphate groups in siRNA. Meanwhile, the amino acid groups at the edges of LAAM GUA‐CDs endow them the capacity to target tumors. After loading siBcl‐2 as a therapeutic agent, LAAM GUA‐CDs/siBcl‐2 has a high tumor inhibition rate of up to 68%, which is twice more than that of commercial Lipofectamine 2000. Furthermore, LAAM GUA‐CDs do not cause side effect during antitumor treatment owing to their high tumor‐targeting ability, thus providing a versatile strategy for tumor‐targeted siRNA delivery and cancer therapy.
Collaborative Passivation for Dual Charge Transporting Layers Based on 4‐(chloromethyl)benzonitrile Additive toward Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Xingyu , Li Songbo , Liu Weiting , Dong Pengpeng , Zheng Guoyuan , Peng Yong , Mo Shuyi , Tian Nan , Yao Disheng , Long Fei
Published: February 2023

Poor carrier transport capacity and numerous surface defects of charge transporting layers (CTLs), coupled with misalignment of energy levels between perovskites and CTLs, impact photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) profoundly. Herein, a collaborative passivation strategy is proposed based on 4‐(chloromethyl) benzonitrile (CBN) as a solution additive for fabrication of both [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methylester (PCBM) and poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) CTLs. This additive can improve wettability of PTAA and reduce the agglomeration of PCBM particles, which enhance the PCE and device stability of the PSCs. As a result, a PCE exceeding 20% with a remarkable short circuit current of 23.9 mA cm−2, and an improved fill factor of 81% is obtained for the CBN‐ modified inverted PSCs. Devices maintain 80% and 70% of the initial PCE after storage under 30% and 85% humidity ambient conditions for 1000 h without encapsulation, as well as negligible light state PCE loss. This strategy demonstrates feasibility of the additive engineering to improve interfacial contact between the CTLs and perovskites for fabrication of efficient and stable inverted PSCs.
Bidirectional Anions Gathering Strategy Afford Efficient Mixed PbSn Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Tao Yuli , Liang Zheng , Ye Jiajiu , Xu Huifen , Liu Guozhen , Aldakov Dmitry , Pan Xu , Reiss Peter , Tian Xingyou
Published: February 2023

Mixed lead‐tin (PbSn) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) possess low toxicity and adjustable bandgap for both single‐junction and all‐perovskite tandem solar cells. However, the performance of mixed PbSn PSCs still lags behind the theoretical efficiency. The uncontrollable crystallization and the resulting structural defect are important reasons. Here, the bidirectional anions gathering strategy (BAG) is reported by using Methylammonium acetate (MAAc) and Methylammonium thiocyanate (MASCN) as perovskite bulk additives, which Ac− escapes from the perovskite film top surface while SCN− gathers at the perovskite film bottom in the crystallization process. After the optoelectronic techniques, the bidirectional anions movement caused by the top‐down gradient crystallization is demonstrated. The layer‐by‐layer crystallization can collect anions in the next layer and gather at the broader, enabling a controllable crystallization process, thus getting a high‐quality perovskite film with better phase crystallinity and lower defect concentration. As a result, PSCs treated by the BAG strategy exhibit outstanding photovoltaic and electroluminescent performance with a champion efficiency of 22.14%. Additionally, it demonstrates excellent long‐term stability, which retains ≈92.8% of its initial efficiency after 4000 h aging test in the N2 glove box.
Investigation of the Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production of Semiconductor Nanocrystal‐Based Hydrogels
Authors: Schlenkrich Jakob , Lübkemann‐Warwas Franziska , Graf Rebecca T. , Wesemann Christoph , Schoske Larissa , Rosebrock Marina , Hindricks Karen D. J. , Behrens Peter , Bahnemann Detlef W. , Dorfs Dirk , Bigall Nadja C.
Published: February 2023

Destabilization of a ligand‐stabilized semiconductor nanocrystal solution with an oxidizing agent can lead to a macroscopic highly porous self‐supporting nanocrystal network entitled hydrogel, with good accessibility to the surface. The previously reported charge carrier delocalization beyond a single nanocrystal building block in such gels can extend the charge carrier mobility and make a photocatalytic reaction more probable. The synthesis of ligand‐stabilized nanocrystals with specific physicochemical properties is possible, thanks to the advances in colloid chemistry made in the last decades. Combining the properties of these nanocrystals with the advantages of nanocrystal‐based hydrogels will lead to novel materials with optimized photocatalytic properties. This work demonstrates that CdSe quantum dots, CdS nanorods, and CdSe/CdS dot‐in‐rod‐shaped nanorods as nanocrystal‐based hydrogels can exhibit a much higher hydrogen production rate compared to their ligand‐stabilized nanocrystal solutions. The gel synthesis through controlled destabilization by ligand oxidation preserves the high surface‐to‐volume ratio, ensures the accessible surface area even in hole‐trapping solutions and facilitates photocatalytic hydrogen production without a co‐catalyst. Especially with such self‐supporting networks of nanocrystals, the problem of colloidal (in)stability in photocatalysis is circumvented. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical measurements reveal the advantageous properties of the 3D networks for application in photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Coupling Hydrazine Oxidation with Seawater Electrolysis for Energy‐Saving Hydrogen Production over Bifunctional CoNC Nanoarray Electrocatalysts
Authors: Xin Yu , Shen Kui , Guo Tongtian , Chen Liyu , Li Yingwei
Published: February 2023

Seawater electrolysis is a promising method to produce H2 without relying on scarce freshwater resource, but its high energy consumption and inevitable accompany of competitive chlorine oxidation reaction (ClOR) are still great technological challenges. Herein, a metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐templated pyrolysis strategy to prepare uniform cobalt/nitrogen‐codoped carbon nanosheet arrays on carbon cloth (CC@CoNC) as highly‐efficient but low‐cost bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrazine‐assisted seawater electrolysis is explored. The optimized CoNC nanosheet arrays can be used as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst to catalyze hydrazine oxidation reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction, remarkably reducing the energy consumption and nicely overcome the undesired anodic corrosion problems caused by ClOR. Impressively, a hydrazine‐assisted water electrolysis system is successfully assembled by using the optimized CC@CoNC as both cathode and anode, which only needs an ultra‐low cell voltage of 0.557 V and an electricity consumption of 1.22 kW h per cubic meter of H2 to achieve 200 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the optimized CC@CoNC can also show greatly improved stability in the hydrazine‐assisted seawater electrolysis system for H2 production, which can work steadily for above 40 h at ≈10 mA cm−2. This study may offer great opportunities for obtaining hydrogen energy from infinite ocean resource by an eco‐friendly method.