bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Life-Course Marginalities of Positive Health and Aging: A Participatory Approach Integrating the Lived Experiences of Older Irish Travelers and Older Homeless Adults in Multistakeholder Research Processes
Authors: Walsh Kieran , Carroll Brídín , MacFarlane Anne , O’Donovan Diarmuid , Cush Peter
Published: May 2022

There is increased emphasis on adopting positive health and aging policy goals for heterogeneous older populations, and recognition of the role that participatory research approaches can play in supporting their implementation. However, questions remain about how to represent the marginalized experiences of some older populations within such processes. With a focus on older Irish ethnic Travelers and older homeless adults as two vulnerable populations in Ireland, this article presents and critically discusses a participatory approach developed to integrate marginalized older adult perspectives on positive health and aging in a multistakeholder research and development process. The qualitative methodology is first detailed, incorporating methods that harness collaboratively derived views and individual narratives (e.g., focus groups; consultation forums; in-depth interviews). Critical reflections on research implementation and specific considerations relevant to these populations are presented (e.g., trust building; one-to-one facilitation), with lessons then drawn for the design of multistakeholder participatory approaches with marginalized older populations.
Hospice Glassdoor and CAHPS® Scores—Glassdoor Scores and Hospice Financial Characteristics Predict Hospice Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Scores
Authors: Hotchkiss Jason
Published: May 2022

Background:

Recent public data transparency on both decedent caregiver satisfaction and employee satisfaction is impacting the three most essential needs of any hospice, admitting hospice enrollees, attracting hospice professionals and delivering on quality.

Aim:

Explore the relationship between Glassdoor hospice employee recommendation data, hospice financial characteristics, and Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS®) scores among the 50 largest US hospices.

Design:

Retrospective data with multivariate regression analysis.

Data Sources:

Provider CAHPS hospice survey data from 2019-2020 and Glassdoor employee recommendation data.

Results:

Glassdoor Composite and CAHPS Composite were positively correlated (r = .469, p < .01). Glassdoor scores, profit status, and acquisition status predicted Hospice CAHPS scores and explained 44% of the variation in CAHPS Composite. Being a large, for-profit hospice in acquisition status each predicted lower CAHPS scores. Non-profit hospices had significantly higher Glassdoor and CAHPS scores than for-profit hospices. CAHPS Composite and CAHPS Star Rating have potential as global indicators to inform customers of a given hospice’s overall quality on the Hospice Compare website of CMS.

Conclusions:

Hospice leaders seeking improvements in CAHPS scores are encouraged to seek feedback on whether their own employees would recommend their hospice to a friend. Communication and responsiveness were the strongest indicators of overall hospice quality. Skelton hospice staffing models must give way to realistic models that value company culture and employee satisfaction. Hospice quality and hospice profits are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Future research should explore the difference in themes emerging from positive and negative online caregiver reviews.
College Students’ Moral and Prosocial Responsibility: Associations with Community Engagement Experiences
Authors: Hudson Tara D. , Brandenberger Jay
Published: May 2022

Background: Social responsibility and democratic citizenship are essential outcomes of a college education. Yet limited research has examined how college experiences may relate to students’ moral and prosocial development, qualities that ground responsibility and citizenship. Purpose: This research sought to identify the college experiences, including six types of community engagement, associated with moral and prosocial developmental outcomes. Methodology/Approach: Participants ( n = 675) completed a survey consisting of items addressing their college experiences, attitudes and beliefs concerning social inequity and responsibility toward others, and six moral and prosocial outcomes. Blocked regression models assessed relationships between predictor variables (experiences and attitudes/beliefs) and the outcomes. Findings/Conclusions: Participation in public service was the only community engagement experience to predict any of the six outcomes. Rather, the attitudes and beliefs students hold seem to have a much greater relationship with moral and prosocial outcomes. Implications: Students’ existing attitudes and orientations to moral and prosocial concerns may determine which types of community engagement experiences they are attracted to and how these experiences may influence students’ development. Colleges and universities should therefore provide multiple modes of participation in community engagement rather than assuming a single type of engagement fosters all students’ development.
A Curated Debate: On Using “Templates” in Qualitative Research
Authors: Gioia Denny , Corley Kevin , Eisenhardt Kathleen , Feldman Martha , Langley Ann , Lê Jane , Golden-Biddle Karen , Locke Karen , Mees-Buss Jacqueline , Piekkari Rebecca , Ravasi Davide , Rerup Claus , Schmid Torsten , Silverman David , Welch Catherine
Published: May 2022

One of the raging debates in organization study concerns the use of “templates” in qualitative research. This curated debate brings together many of the players in that debate, who make statements of position relative to the issues involved and trade accusations and counter-accusations about statements they have made that in their view have been misinterpreted or misconstrued. Overall, it is quite a lively debate that reveals positions, points of tension and grounds for disagreement. Denny Gioia wrote the triggering essay that prompted other players to weigh in with their personal and professional views.
A directional microcrack damage theory for brittle solids based on continuous hyperplasticity
Authors: Sisodiya Mitul , Zhang Yida
Published: May 2022

We present a novel microcrack-damage theory for brittle solids under compression. Instead of using internal variables like zeroth, second or fourth rank damage tensors, the state of material damage is represented by an internal function that encapsulates the information of direction, density and size of microcracks. Just like other internal variables, the evolution of this state function must obey the second law of thermodynamics for arbitrary loading paths. This is done by casting the model in the framework of continuous hyperplasticity and enforcing a non-negative dissipation rate functional. The proposed framework offers predictions on the continuous evolution of microcrack density and the induced material anisotropy along with the macroscopic stress-strain curves. The use of continuous damage function grants the model significantly enhanced resolution in characterizing the direction-dependent response of cracked solids compared to classical models that are based on damage tensors. Two scenarios are considered in developing the theory, one assumes frictionless cracks and the other incorporates friction between crack surfaces. The results highlight that inelasticity, pressure dependence, and loading-unloading hysteresis exhibited by brittle solids are natural consequences of frictional microcracks. The proposed theory offers a generic and versatile framework to upscale micromechanical processes operating at individual crack scale to explain the macroscopic behavior of cracked solids.
Using Pedagogical Documentation With Preservice Music Teachers to Establish a Culture of Inquiry
Authors: Bond Vanessa L.
Published: May 2022

Reflective practice positively affects preservice teacher growth. Yet, in structures used to support student teachers, faculty often prioritize professionalism and logistics over pedagogical concerns. The purpose of this intrinsic case study was to describe the use of pedagogical documentation with preservice music teachers to establish a culture of inquiry and community of practice during their student teaching experience. Repositioning supervisor-preservice teacher meeting time as a nonhierarchical space of uncovering student learning may be a pathway to encourage a collective discourse about teaching and facilitate preservice music teachers’ transition to inservice practice.
Relationship Between Mean Arterial Pressure and Furosemide Stress Test Success Rates: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Fox Haley M. , DeCleene Jacob H.
Published: May 2022

Background

The furosemide stress test (FST) is a safe and easy assessment of renal tubular function. Other factors, such as mean arterial pressure (MAP), which may influence the success rates of the FST, have not been well defined.

Objective

To evaluate the relationship between MAP and success rates of the FST in critically ill patients.

Methods

Retrospective, single-center, institutional review board (IRB)-approved cohort study. Critically ill adult patients given at least one dose of intravenous (IV) furosemide (≥1-1.5 mg/kg) were included. Primary outcome was whether a MAP ≥ 75 mm Hg would equate to a higher FST success rate. Secondary outcome was the success rates of patient on one or more vasopressors.

Results

Of 225 patients, 88 (39.1%) had a successful FST. In patients with a MAP ≥ 75 mm Hg, 60 out of 104 (57.7%) had a successful FST compared to 28 out of 121 (23.1%) of patients who had a MAP < 75 mm Hg (odds ratio [OR], 4.53, 95% CI, 2.55-8.74, P < 0.001). Patients on vasopressors at the time of the furosemide dose had lower rates of success compared to those not on vasoactive agents (30.4% versus 68.2%, p = 0.026). Limitations of this study include its retrospective design and reliance on documented urine output.

Conclusion and Relevance

Patients with a MAP ≥ 75 mm Hg were significantly more likely to have a successful FST compared to those with a MAP < 75 mm Hg. This represents the first report of factors that may influence FST success rates.
US Sanctions and Foreign Lobbying of the US Government
Authors: Peksen Dursun , Peterson Timothy M
Published: May 2022

Previous research has explored how US sanctions affect subsequent behavior by sanctioned states as well as third parties, with particular attention to whether states change the policies that led to US sanctions. In this paper, we argue that US sanctions also affect lobbying of the US government. States experiencing US sanctions over security and political issues will lobby the US government less than other states because this scenario suggests that lobbying is unlikely to influence US policies. States experiencing sanctions over economic issues, on the other hand, will lobby the US more as these targets would see a negotiated settlement as more feasible. We also maintain that third-party states that are similar to US sanction targets will lobby the US government more than dissimilar third parties, as lobbying in this scenario could be aimed at preempting future episodes of US sanctions—regardless of the issue that led to sanctions. We find support for our expectations in auto-regressive models spanning 1975–2005. Our findings suggest that sanctions in some cases lead states to find means other than policy concessions by which to satisfy US policy-makers.
More than Mere Access: An Experiment on Moneyed Interests, Information Provision, and Legislative Action in Congress
Authors: Furnas Alexander C. , LaPira Timothy M , Hertel-Fernandez Alexander , Drutman Lee , Kosar Kevin
Published: May 2022

Campaign donors and corporate interests have greater access to Congress, and the legislative agenda and policy outcomes reflect their preferences. How this privileged access converts into influence remains unclear because petitioner-legislator interactions are unobserved. In this article, we report the results of an original survey experiment of 436 congressional staffers. The vignette manipulates a petitioner’s identity, the substance of the request, and the supporting evidence being offered. We test how likely staff are to take a meeting, to use the information being offered, and to recommend taking a position consistent with the request, as well as whether they perceive the request to be congruent with constituent preferences. Donors and lobbyists are no more likely to be granted access than constituents, but staffers are more likely to use information and to make legislative action recommendations when the information source is an ideologically aligned think tank. Subgroup analysis suggests these effects are particularly strong among ideological extremists and strong partisans. And, information offered by aligned think tanks are thought to be representative of constituent opinion. Our results reveal the partisan and ideological predispositions that motivate legislative action that is more costly than merely granting access.
Policy Influence of Delegates in Authoritarian Legislatures: Evidence from China
Authors: Liu Dongshu
Published: May 2022

Can delegates in authoritarian legislatures influence policy outcomes? The existing literature provides extensive knowledge on how delegates behave but relatively little evidence on how government processes delegate policy participation and whether such participation changes policy. Based on a unique dataset of government responses to delegates’ policy proposals in China, this paper proposes a new distributive theory of authoritarian legislature and explains the conditions under which delegates can influence policy. The findings show that proposals requesting particularistic benefits are more likely to receive acceptance when they are made by delegates representing regime allies, whereas proposals requesting universalistic benefits are more likely to attain acceptance if they come from delegates representing the public. This finding can shed new light on authoritarian legislatures and their influence on policy. It also reveals a new theory of how autocrats make tradeoffs in allocating resources to accommodate competing policy demands and provide public goods.
Recurring Clear Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma Involving Vertebra and Pleura: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Sun Yanan , Liu Hanzhong , Lv Yinan , Chen Fu , Hu Yaying , Yang Ke , Zheng Xiaofeng , Zhang Jiali
Published: May 2022

Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma is a rare malignancy, which is vary in behavior from indolent tumor to cases with frequent recurrence and rare metastasis. In this manuscript, we report a case of clear cell odontogenic carcinoma of right lower mandible with cervical lymph node metastasis in a 50-year-old female. The tumor recurred and metastasized to vertebra and pleura after adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy, and the patient died of the disease 29 months after diagnosis. Pathologically, the tumor was composed of epithelial nests dominated by clear cells with ameloblastoma-like pattern and biphasic pattern. The tumor cells showed strong positive for AE1/AE3, KRT19, KRT5/6, P63, focal positive for KRT7, and weak positive for MUC1. Molecularly, EWSR1::ATF1 gene fusion was identified. To our knowledge, this report describes the first case of metastasis of clear cell odontogenic carcinoma involving regional lymph nodes and distant pleural and vertebral areas, demonstrating an aggressive clinical course of clear cell odontogenic carcinoma.
How Dispositional Gratitude Shapes Employee Well-being and Organizational Commitment: The Mediating Roles of Leader-Member Exchange and Coworker Exchange
Authors: Zhao Teng , Li Hairong , Zheng Lu , Zhang Yuyan
Published: May 2022

Dispositional gratitude has recently emerged as a variable of interest in organizational contexts. However, it remains unclear whether dispositional gratitude is predictive of employee well-being, with limited theoretical and empirical elucidation of the underlying mechanisms. To address these limitations, the present study investigated dispositional gratitude as a predictor of employee well-being and organizational commitment. Drawing on the broaden-and-build theory of positive affect, the study also examined whether the social bonding resources of leader-member exchange (LMX) and coworker exchange (CWX) mediated these effects. The participating employees ( N = 300) completed the survey in three waves at one-week intervals. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) confirm that dispositional gratitude is positively related to employee well-being and organizational commitment and that these effects are mediated by LMX and CWX. The paper concludes by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of these findings, the study’s limitations, and future research directions.
A strategy of vibration control for rotors with dry friction dampers
Authors: Liu Di , Zhou Liang , Zhang Dayi , Wang Hong
Published: May 2022

It is an attractive research topic to propose some novel damping methods for rotors, and the dry friction damping is probably an effective and stable method. In this paper, a control strategy is proposed based on the relationship between the rotor modal characteristics and rotor responses. Firstly, a rotor model with a new kind of dry friction damper is established and corresponding complex nonlinear modes are derived. Then, based on that, the rotor modal characteristics are analyzed, with the nonlinear damping ratio used to evaluate the damping performance. Considering the effective working region for traditional dry friction dampers is usually narrow, a control strategy suiting for a broader range of load conditions is proposed. The results show that the vibration amplitude of the rotor at critical speed can be effectively controlled by the proposed strategy, implying its prospects in engineering practice.
Nonlinear aeroelastic analysis of sandwich composite cylindrical panel with auxetic core subjected to the thermal environment
Authors: Karimiasl Mahsa , Alibeigloo Akbar
Published: May 2022

In this study, nonlinear aeroelastic instability of a composite sandwich panel subjected to a supersonic airflow and thermal loading is investigated. The sandwich panel is composed of three-phase composites with polymer/Graphene platelet/fiber skins at the top and bottom surfaces and an auxetic honeycombs core layer with a negative Poisson’s ratio. The motion equations of the panel within the framework of higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) and von Kármán nonlinearity are driven. In addition to Krumhaar’s modified supersonic piston, unsteady aerodynamic pressure in the supersonic flow regime is considered. The governing equations of the sandwich panel are derived by implementing Hamilton’s principle and solved by the generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM). Validation of the present formulation is assessed by comparing the numerical results with those available in the open literature. Then, the effects of several parameters such as geometric parameters, volume fraction, Mach number, different boundary conditions, yaw angle, and different inclined angles on the nonlinear aeroelastic stability of sandwich panels are examined. Finally, it was found that the ratio of core thickness, inclined angle, and Mach number have significant effects on aerodynamic pressure.
Communicating Cultism in the Media: Discursive Sense-Giving of Cult Status
Authors: Hammonds Kyle A. , Kramer Michael W.
Published: May 2022

The term cult has been variously applied to contemporary groups and organizations, marking them as unusual or frightening. Scholarly literature has yet to settle on a concrete conceptualization of cults and reveals little about the communicative processes by which the stigmatizing name becomes attached to certain groups. This study utilizes a constant comparison method to assess qualities associated with groups regularly labeled as cults in the popular press. Results establish a typology of qualities associated with a “cult genre” of speech and illuminate the role of popular narrative in socially constructing stigma.
How Policy Entrepreneurs Encourage or Hinder Urban Growth Within a Political Market
Authors: Ramírez Edgar E. , Castillo Manlio F. , Sánchez Eliana I.
Published: May 2022

This paper updates and extends the Political Market Framework (PMF) by integrating elements of interest groups and political market theory with policy entrepreneurs’ (PEs) roles in explaining the patterns of urban infrastructure construction. The prominent role of PEs is observed through a grounded analysis of two large infrastructure projects in Mexico City. A comparative study of the cases suggests that: (1) The agency of PEs in political markets is central to explaining the construction of urban infrastructure; (2) PEs contribute to the definition of pro-growth or anti-growth coalitions and the definition of public problems; (3) the legitimacy of PEs is grounded in their political or technical reputation, or both; (4) the appropriate use of political institutions requires that PEs know how to use electoral timing strategically; and (5) the role of PEs seems to be better understood within a bounded analysis framework, such as the political markets approach.
Walking the Talk: Why Cities Adopt Ambitious Climate Action Plans
Authors: Bery Sanya , Haddad Mary Alice
Published: May 2022

Why do some municipalities adopt ambitious climate action plans and others do not? This study examines United States cities that have signed the Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy, to identify the factors that have led some of them (37 percent, 63 cities) to adopt ambitious (Net Zero) climate action plans. It finds that two factors make the most difference: (a) whether the city has a paid city employee (or department) dedicated to environmental/energy management and (b) whether the city has a university. Other factors, such as per capita income, city revenue, state funding, size, partisan orientation, and membership in international climate networks, did not significantly influence how ambitious a city's climate action plan was. This study combines a statistical analysis of the signatory cities with a qualitative study Middletown Connecticut to explain why city energy managers and universities can have such a positive effect on city climate action.
Cultures of Listening: Psychology, Resonance, Justice
Authors: Motzkau Johanna F. , Lee Nick M.
Published: May 2022

Listening, as a general psychological capacity, is a key aspect of perception, communication and experience. However, listening researchers frequently characterize it as a neglected, misunderstood and ill-defined phenomenon. This is a significant problem because questions of listening pervade social inequalities and injustices, as this paper demonstrates in the context of UK child protection practices. Exploring concepts of listening within and beyond psychology, the paper illustrates how a lack of overall theorization can contribute to inequality and injustice within applied listening practices. To address this, the paper theorizes listening in the spirit of Whiteheadian process ontology, drawing on the work of Nancy and Bonnet. Based on this, it develops the concept of ‘Cultures of Listening’ (CoL), which provides a tool for the critical analysis of troubled listening practices, indicating how they can be challenged and transformed. Within CoL, listening is not a mere aspect of auditory perception or communication, but each instant of listening is considered as shaped by and expressing political, social and experiential circumstances, that is, cultures. The paper demonstrates the theoretical, critical and applied value of CoL by offering a detailed analysis of the role of listening within troubled UK child protection practices.
Safety Assessment of Ethers and Esters of Ascorbic Acid as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Johnson Wilbur , Boyer Ivan J. , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Heldreth Bart
Published: May 2022

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of 7 ethers and esters of ascorbic acid, which collectively function as antioxidants, skin-conditioning agents, skin protectants, fragrance ingredients, and skin bleaching agents in cosmetic products. The Panel reviewed relevant data relating to the safety of these ingredients, and concluded that the ethers and esters of ascorbic acid are safe in the present practices of use and concentration, as described in this safety assessment.
Safety Assessment of Hydroxyethyl-3,4-Methylenedioxyaniline HCl as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Scott Laura N , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Heldreth Bart
Published: May 2022

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of Hydroxyethyl-3,4-Methylenedioxyaniline HCl, which is reported to function as a hair dye ingredient. The Panel reviewed relevant data provided in this safety assessment, and concluded that Hydroxyethyl-3,4-Methylenedioxyaniline HCl is safe for use as a hair dye ingredient in the present practices of use and concentrations described in this report. The Panel cautions that this ingredient should not be used in cosmetic products in which N-nitroso compounds can be formed.
Intraluminal deposits: A rare cause of glaucoma drainage implant total obstruction
Authors: Välimäki Juha , Nukareddy Praveena , Uusitalo Hannu , Aapola Ulla
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To report the unforeseen complication of total obstruction of a glaucoma drainage implant (GDI) tube lumen by white deposit material and to present a preliminary report identifying the composition of this material.

Methods

Two subjects with a high IOP due to total obstruction of a GDI tube were reviewed. Both patients had a long history with brinzolamide and timolol maleate eye drops. The GDI tube was swept with a 5-0 polypropylene suture stent in order to open the tube. The intraluminal solid sample was successfully collected from the implant tube in one patient. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was used to determine the origin of the intraluminal sample.

Results

Intraluminal deposits containing components of antiglaucoma drugs e.g., timolol and brinzolamide are a rare cause of total obstruction of GDI tubes.

Conclusions

Our study describes a new cause of total obstruction GDI tubes. The long-term use of timolol maleate and brinzolamide and their presence in the intraluminal solid sample collected from the blocked GDI tube suggest that the glaucoma medication may have a role in the pathogenesis. However, the exact mechanism is unknown and requires further studies.
Pseudoretinoblastoma: Distribution based on gender, age, and laterality
Authors: Mirzayev Ibadulla , Gündüz Ahmet Kaan , Özalp Ateş Funda Seher , Tetik Diğdem
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To investigate the distribution of pseudoretinoblastoma (PSRB) cases based on gender, age, and laterality

Materials and Methods

The clinical records of 607 patients (851 eyes) who were referred for diagnosis of retinoblastoma or simulating conditions between October 1998 and May 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were stratified by age as follows: ≤1 year, >1–3 years, >3–5 years, and >5 years.

Results

Of 190/607 PSRB patients, 129 (67.9%) were males and 61 (32.1%) females ( p = 0.001). The 3 most common diagnoses in males were Coats disease (20.2%), persistent fetal vasculature (PFV, 14.0%), and chorioretinal coloboma (6.2%). In females, the 3 most common diagnoses included PFV (21.3%), retinal dysplasia, congenital glaucoma, and combined hamartoma (each 6.6%). PFV was the most common diagnosis in ≤1 year old patient group (26.6%). Coats disease and PFV were the most common diagnoses in >1–3 years old patient group (each 16.7%). Coats disease was the most common diagnosis in >3–5 years old (30.8%) and >5 years old patient groups (13.1%). PSRBs were unilateral in 121/190 (63.7%) patients. Coats disease usually presented unilaterally (p < 0.001) while PFV, optic nerve head drusen, and retinopathy of prematurity as bilateral diseases ( p = 0.019, p = 0.001, and p = 0.001 respectively).

Discussion

PSRB diagnoses show differences depending on gender, age, and laterality. In our study, the most common PSRB lesions were Coats disease in males and PFV in females. PFV was the most frequent diagnosis in ≤3 years and Coats disease in >3 years of age groups. Coats disease and PFV were the most common unilateral and bilateral PSRB diagnoses respectively.
Perioperative time and economic impact of an intracameral combination of mydriatics and anaesthetics in routine cataract surgery
Authors: Zaluski Serge , Amzallag Thierry , Bouchut Pierre , Pinsard Loïc , Theron Jean-Philippe , Tellouck-Morincomme Joy , Baffert Sandrine
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare the perioperative time and economic impact of a licensed intracameral anaesthetic/mydriatic combination (Mydrane) during routine cataract surgery.

Methods

A real-life, prospective, comparative study was performed in 3 clinical centres in France. Preoperative, surgical, and post-operative times were determined for two mydriasis strategies using conventional preoperative mydriatics/anaesthetics eye drops (control regimen) or Mydrane administered at time of surgery. Staff, surgery schedules and drugs utilisation were collected over 12 surgery half-days. The total cost of each strategy was estimated based on treatment cost and nursing costs.

Results

The analysis included 112 routine cataract surgeries (57 surgeries using Mydrane and 55 using the topical regimen) without protocol deviations or complicated surgery. Overall, the mean time between administration of the first mydriatic eye drops or Mydrane and the end of the surgery was 27.4 ± 21.1 min in the Mydrane group vs. 90.3 ± 30.4 min in the control group (P < 0.0001). The total time of the procedure (from admission to discharge) was not significantly different between groups (P = 0.1611). On average, the extra cost of drugs per patient in the Mydrane group (€5.81) was almost balanced by the reduced nursing time (€5.57) with some variations between centres, due to different organisation including staff resource and consumable.

Conclusions

The Mydrane strategy produced perioperative nursing time saving and cost reduction provided that adaptation and reorganisation of routine cataract surgery are implemented.
Teleophthalmology research: Where do we stand?
Authors: Elubous Khaled , Alryalat Saif Aldeen , Qawasmeh Sarah , Al-Ebous Ali , Abu-Ameereh Mohammed
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To identify global research trends in teleophthalmology, as well as productivity and its association with Human development index (HDI).

Methods

A cross-sectional study. The main outcome measures were publication count, citation count, and publications count per million populations. Bibliographic data were derived from the Web of Science website. HDI data were derived from Human Development Report [2020]. One-way ANOVA test was used to examine the association between HDI and the outcome measures. We studied the correlation between continuous variables using Spearman's. Bibliometric analysis software's VOSviewer and Citspace were used to analyse results and creating visualizing maps.

Results

The results retrieved 355 publications, one-third of them have been published in the year of the COVID-19 pandemic; (2020). The USA has contributed to one-half of all publications, and just five countries have contributed to about 90% of all records. Very high HDI countries had significantly more publications count per million populations, than high (p-value = 0.0047), medium (p-value = 0.0081) or low HDI countries (p-value = 0.002). The main themes are screening programmes, reliability, photography, COVID-19, access, artificial intelligence, and cost-effectiveness. The leading countries in terms of both publications and citation count are the USA and India. In terms of publications count per million populations, the leading countries are Singapore and Australia.

Conclusion

Most of the contribution in teleophthalmology research was confined to a small number of countries. More effort is needed to expand the global contribution. The hotspots in this field are artificial intelligence applications and COVID-19 impact.
Ray tracing biometry in post radial keratotomy eye
Authors: Srujana Dubbaka , Shankar Sandeep , Bhanot Rohit , Mohandas Renu , Srikanth S , Kumar Ashok
Published: May 2022

Objective

To report a case of post radial keratotomy (RK) cataract in a 55-year-old lady wherein biometry was done by ray-tracing method incorporated in scheimpflug topographer (Sirius + Scheimpflug Analyzer, CSO, Italy).

Method

In our case, we performed intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation using a recent concept of ray tracing with scheimpflug topographer and compared with traditional methods available at American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery(ASCRS) website ( www.ascrs.org ) for eyes with prior RK. Phacoemulsification was performed and a monofocal + 24.5D IOL implanted in the capsular bag.

Result

Manifest refraction at six weeks postoperative period was + 1.0DS/-2.0DC × 75° with spherical equivalence of 0. On comparison of all the methods used to calculate IOL power, the absolute errors of ray tracing and Barrett true K were found to be the least, 0.14 and 0.18 respectively.

Conclusion

Ray tracing biometry with scheimpflug topographer seems to provide accurate IOL power in post RK eyes.
Understanding the 30-day mortality burden after revision total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Rullán Pedro J , Orr Melissa N , Emara Ahmed K , Klika Alison K , Molloy Robert M , Piuzzi Nicolas S
Published: May 2022

Background:

Revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a challenging procedure that burdens the healthcare system. Despite being associated with worse outcomes relative to its primary counterpart, postoperative mortality after revision THA remains ill-defined. The present study aimed to (1) establish the overall 30-day mortality rate after revision THA and (2) explore the mortality rate stratified by age, comorbidity burden, and aseptic versus septic failure.

Methods:

The American College of Surgeons – National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was retrospectively reviewed for all patients who underwent revision THA from 2011 to 2019. A total of 23,501 patients were identified and grouped into mortality ( n  = 161) and mortality-free ( n  = 23,340) cohorts. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and aseptic/septic failure were evaluated.

Results:

The overall 30-day mortality was 0.69%. The mortality rate by age group (normalised per 1000 patients) was 0 (18–39 years [Y]), 0.67 (40–49 Y), 1.10 (50–59 Y), 2.58 (60–69 Y), 6.15 (70–79 Y) 19.32 (80–89 Y), and 58.22 (90+Y) ( p  < 0.001). The mortality rate by ASA classification (normalised per 1000 patients) was 0 (ASA I), 1.47 (ASA II), 6.94 (ASA III), 45.42 (ASA IV), and 200 (ASA V) ( p  < 0.001). The 30-day mortality rate for the septic and aseptic cohorts was 1.03% and 0.65%, respectively ( p  = 0.038). CCI scores ( p  < 0.001), diabetes ( p  < 0.001), systematic sepsis ( p  < 0.001), poor functional status ( p  < 0.001), BMI < 24.9 kg/m2 ( p  < 0.001), and dirty/infected wounds ( p  < 0.001) were all associated with increased mortality risk.

Conclusions:

1 in 145 patients will suffer mortality during the 30 days after revision THA. PJI-related revision THA was associated with 1.5-fold increase in 30-day mortality rate compared to its aseptic counterpart. Certain patient determinants and baseline comorbidities, as measured by ASA and CCI scores, were associated with higher 30-day mortality rates. Therefore, it is imperative to identify such risk factors and implement perioperative patient optimisation pathways to mitigate the risk among vulnerable patients.
Host-Population Microbial Diversity Scaling of Chinese Gut Microbiomes in Gout Patients
Authors: Zhou Jieshang , Yuan Yali , Xu Pengli , Yi Bin , Chen Hongju , Su Wei
Published: May 2022

Gout is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease that affects the life of tens of millions of people worldwide, and it typically presents as gout arthritis, gout stone, or even kidney damage. Research has revealed its connection with the gut microbiome, although exact mechanism is still unclear. Studies have shown the decline of microbiome diversity in gout patients and change of microbiome compositions between the gout patients and healthy controls. Nevertheless, how diversity changes across host individuals at a cohort ( population) level has not been investigated to the best of our knowledge. Here we apply the diversity-area relationship (DAR), which is an extension to the classic SAR (species-area relationship) and establishes the power-function model between microbiome diversity and the number of individuals within cohort, to comparatively investigate diversity scaling (changes) of gut microbiome in gout patients and healthy controls. The DAR modeling with a study involving 83 subjects (41 gout patients) revealed that the potential number of microbial species in gout patients is only 70% of that in the healthy control (2790 vs 3900) although the difference may not be statistically significant. The other DAR parameters including diversity scaling and similarity parameters did not show statistically significant differences. We postulate that the high resilience of gut microbiome may explain the lack of significant gout-disease effects on gut microbial diversity at the population level. The lack of statistically significant difference between the gout patients and healthy controls at host population (cohort) level is different from the previous findings at individual level in the existing literature.
Viral Inactivation and Biocompatibility Study of Electrically Activated Water Mist
Authors: Tewari Devendra Nath , Biswas Sanjoy , Chakrabarti Alok Kumar , Dutta Shanta
Published: May 2022

In addition to the ongoing global problem of healthcare-acquired infections, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose a serious threat to the health of the global population. This unprecedented pandemic situation has reinforced the need for the development of technologies that can curb the transmission of viruses among human beings and help to control the infection. Existing disinfection techniques using either ultraviolet light or harsh chemicals pose safety risks and are not suitable for use in the presence of humans. Thus, the need for a safe and effective disinfection technique that can be used in the presence of humans to control viral transmission is evident. A technique that can continuously disinfect air and surfaces in indoor environments, where the chances of viral transmission are high, can be an indispensable tool to fight such a pandemic. The Airlens Minus Corona (AMC) device provided by Persapien Innovations has been developed to achieve this goal. In this study, the antiviral functionality and biocompatibility of AMC were evaluated. Activated water mist (AWM) generated from this device was tested in vitro and in vivo for its toxicity to cell lines and in animal model. The AWM was found to be non-cytotoxic to L-929 cell lines and had no sign of clinical toxicity in an animal model (rabbit). This device was further used to inactivate animal viruses and bacteriophages. The AWM was found to be effective in the complete inactivation of influenza A H1N1 virus within 5 minutes of direct treatment. This device was also found to be effective in inactivating >90% of bacteriophage particles.
Examining the Benefits of Digitally Selectable Meals Called “À La Carte Digital-Select” in Cancer Chemotherapy Patients
Authors: Aoyama Takashi
Published: May 2022

We explored the benefits of a digitized bedside terminal with a touchscreen for selectable hospital meals called “à la carte digital-select” in cancer chemotherapy patients. The subjects used “à la carte digital-select” for 35 days, from November to December 2015. On average, 253 (between 196 and 288) patients accessed this system per day, and 40 patients used it daily (15.9%). Subjects included 75 patients (cancer chemotherapy: chem-digital-select patients, female: 47) and 12 patients (concurrent chemo radiotherapy: CRT-digital-select patients, female: 6) with a repeat rate of 87% (65) and 100% (12). The average length of hospital stay in chem-digital-select patients was 6 days (1-35), the average number of days using “à la carte digital-select” was 3 days (1-24); a correlation was observed between these factors ( r = .80; P < .01). The eating rate of chemotherapy patients and CRT-digital-select patients was high (81%, 81%), and no differences were observed between the rate in the cisplatin group (80%) with 28 patients, the non-cisplatin group (81%) with 47 patients, CRT-digital-select patients (81%) with 12 patients ( P = .59; ANOVA). Registered dietitians provided no nutritional intervention in any of the cases. We found that “à la carte digital-select” can contribute to supporting cancer chemotherapy and the dietary needs of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
A Longitudinal Study of E-Cigarette, Cigarette, and Marijuana Use Sequence in Youth
Authors: Westling Erika , Rusby Julie C. , Crowley Ryann , Light John M.
Published: May 2022

Objective

There is evidence linking youth use of electronic (e-) cigarettes to subsequent cigarette and marijuana use, raising public health concerns. We examined the sequence of use of e-cigarettes, conventional cigarettes, and marijuana in a longitudinal sample of adolescents, to determine if use of e-cigarettes often preceded use of other substances.

Methods

We collected self-reports from 1123 Oregon adolescents (52% female; 37% Hispanic) longitudinally from 8th to 11th grade (8 total surveys) regarding their lifetime (ever use) and current use (last 30 days) of e-cigarettes, cigarettes, and marijuana. If applicable, students also reported the delivery method of their current marijuana use.

Results

Almost 10% of adolescents reported using e-cigarettes prior to use of cigarettes or marijuana, and the majority of these youth initiated use of marijuana, cigarettes, or both by 11th grade. More youth transitioned from e-cigarette use to marijuana use then from e-cigarettes to use of conventional cigarettes. Participants who were co-using e-cigarettes and marijuana in 11th grade had an increased likelihood of consuming marijuana via vaping, dabbing, and edibles, compared to those who were only using marijuana.

Discussion

E-cigarettes were often the first substance used in this longitudinal sample, and more of these youth subsequently used marijuana compared to cigarettes. While research has focused on the progression from e-cigarettes to cigarettes in youth, these findings indicate that more attention should be focused on the subsequent initiation of marijuana.
Tribological behavior investigation of 316L stainless steel samples processed by selective laser melting
Authors: Pant Meena , Nagdeve Leeladhar , Moona Girija , Kumar Harish , Sharma Anuj
Published: May 2022

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a widely used process-based on melting powder material through a high laser beam. Process parameters significantly influence the microstructure, surface texture, and mechanical properties of materials in SLM. In this experimental investigation, we have used SLM core parameters, including scan speed, layer thickness, hatch spacing, and laser power, to observe their influence on the tribological behavior of 316L Stainless Steel (SS) samples. Samples were fabricated using SLM, and the wear test was performed according to the ASTM G-99 test standard on a dry sliding wear testing machine, keeping the process parameters (load, speed, wear track diameter, and time) constant for all samples. The Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) analysis showed columnar and cellular microstructure of the samples before the wear. In contrast, shallow plowing grooves, delamination marks, and cracks were observed in worn-out samples caused due to formation of abrasive and adhesive wear. Taguchi's statistical design of experiment was used to optimize the selected parameters for response variables like density and specific wear rate. From the Taguchi analysis the high density and minimum specific wear rate values were achieved at a scan speed of 900 mm/s, a laser power of 300 W, and a hatch spacing of 90 µm.The validation of obtained parameters has been done through Analysis of variance (ANOVA) to develop a linear correlation between the chosen parameters.
The clinical spectrum of haemorrhagic CNS inflammatory demyelinating lesions
Authors: Hardy Todd A , Guo Yong , Flanagan Eoin P , Lucchinetti Claudia F , Tobin W Oliver
Published: May 2022

Background:

Haemorrhagic demyelinating lesions are rare, and little is known about the demyelinating diseases with which they are associated, or how lesional haemorrhage affects treatment and outcomes.

Objective:

To examine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with demyelinating lesions and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of haemorrhage seen at the Mayo clinic between 1990 and 2018.

Methods:

The Mayo Clinic’s medical-record diagnostic-linkage system was used to identify patients with CNS demyelinating disease and parenchymal haemorrhage on brain MRI cross-referenced against a database of patients with pathologically confirmed CNS demyelinating disease. The clinical characteristics, diagnosis, MRI findings, brain histopathology, and outcomes of these patients were reviewed.

Results:

Ten patients with haemorrhagic demyelination were identified, including three patients who underwent a brain biopsy. The main findings were that haemorrhagic demyelinating lesions most often occur in atypical forms of demyelination, especially acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHL, or Weston–Hurst disease) and tumefactive demyelination, and rarely in multiple sclerosis. A spectrum of outcomes was observed for these patients ranging from complete remission through to high level disability.

Conclusion:

Lesional haemorrhage is uncommon in demyelinating disease where it is most closely associated with AHL. Bleeding within a demyelinating lesion does not always herald a poor prognosis.
Permeable boundaries: The interplay between major party primary and non-major party candidacies
Authors: King Aaron S. , Lee Daniel J.
Published: May 2022

Studies of candidate entry in the USA have either focused on the major parties and their primaries, non-major parties, or both but separately. We extend the research on American party politics by analyzing how potential candidates weigh different routes to the general election: major party primaries versus non-major party paths. We develop a theoretical model of candidate entry that recognizes the option to run outside of major party primaries and argue that increased primary competition can drive potential candidates to seek an alternative route to the general election. A district-level analysis of candidate entry (i.e., number of candidates) in U.S. House elections (2008–2018) supports our hypotheses. By looking beyond traditional pathways to office, we uncover new evidence on the permeability of major parties and show how non-major party actors and institutions play an integral role in the two-party system.