bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Field Evaluation of Load-Bearing Capacity of Tire Fill Embankment Pavements
Authors: Hashemian Leila , Bayat Alireza
Published: February 2018

Tire-derived aggregates (TDAs) are produced by shredding scrap tires. These materials have desirable engineering properties and can be appropriately used in pavement embankment fills. Several pavements have been constructed using TDA fill embankment; however, the seasonal performance of the pavements composed of these materials has not been widely investigated.

This study investigates seasonal changes in load-bearing capacity of tire-filled embankment pavements after two years of construction in comparison to conventional pavement in a test road in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Three sections were constructed using different TDA materials, including passenger and light-truck tires (PLTT), off-the-road (OTR) tire particles, and a mix of PLTT and local subgrade soil, which was placed adjacent to a conventional section that acted as a control section. Falling weight deflectometer (FWD) tests were conducted in different seasons, and the back-calculation results revealed that although the subgrade of the TDA sections showed higher deflection and a lower resilient modulus compared with the control section, the load-bearing capacity of the TDA sections was greater than that for the control section. The section constructed using a mix of TDA material and soil showed almost the same performance as the control section.
Standard Testing of Glass Revisited - Experimental and Theoretical Aspects
Authors: Yankelevsky David Z. , Spiller Kevin , Packer Jeffrey A. , Seica Michael
Published: February 2018

This article deals with standard strength tests of new float glass and focuses on the common four-point bending test. Under similar test conditions, glass specimens behave differently in terms of their fracture patterns, location of the fracture origins, ultimate loads at failure, and the tensile strengths at failure. Therefore, standards require a minimum of 30 specimens in a tested sample and present different requirements with regard to face and edge types of failure, the location of failure within the shear span, etc. This article aims at addressing some of these aspects through an experimental study of relatively large samples subjected to four-point bending and a complementary series of three-point bending tests, and by employing a stochastic theoretical model that helps to gain insight of the findings and generalize the conclusions. The article examines whether edge failure specimens should be excluded from the entire tested sample, investigates whether a failure within the shear span differs from a failure in the central constant bending moment zone of the tested specimen, examines the effect of the sample size, and discusses the effect of the specimen size on the results. The study finds that although edge failure specimens may be included in the strength evaluation, they should better be excluded. It is also found that there is no difference between shear span zone and central zone failures. The study finds that there is a considerable scatter of results when a limited size sample of 30 specimens only is tested and caution is required in the interpretation of the results of small size samples. Finally, yet importantly, the article examines the different tensile strength results obtained from different samples following different standards, because of the size effect, and discusses what the real tensile strength of glass is.
Diminished Cortical Thickness Is Associated with Impulsive Choice in Adolescence
Authors: Pehlivanova Marieta , Wolf Daniel H. , Sotiras Aristeidis , Kaczkurkin Antonia N. , Moore Tyler M. , Ciric Rastko , Cook Philip A. , Garcia de La Garza Angel , Rosen Adon F.G. , Ruparel Kosha , Sharma Anup , Shinohara Russell T. , Roalf David R. , Gur Ruben C. , Davatzikos Christos , Gur Raquel E. , Kable Joseph W. , Satterthwaite Theodore D.
Published: February 2018

Adolescence is characterized by both maturation of brain structure and increased risk of negative outcomes from behaviors associated with impulsive decision-making. One important index of impulsive choice is delay discounting (DD), which measures the tendency to prefer smaller rewards available soon over larger rewards delivered after a delay. However, it remains largely unknown how individual differences in structural brain development may be associated with impulsive choice during adolescence. Leveraging a unique large sample of 427 human youths (208 males and 219 females) imaged as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, we examined associations between delay discounting and cortical thickness within structural covariance networks. These structural networks were derived using non-negative matrix factorization, an advanced multivariate technique for dimensionality reduction, and analyzed using generalized additive models with penalized splines to capture both linear and nonlinear developmental effects. We found that impulsive choice, as measured by greater discounting, was most strongly associated with diminished cortical thickness in structural brain networks that encompassed the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, temporal pole, and temporoparietal junction. Furthermore, structural brain networks predicted DD above and beyond cognitive performance. Together, these results suggest that reduced cortical thickness in regions known to be involved in value-based decision-making is a marker of impulsive choice during the critical period of adolescence.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRisky behaviors during adolescence, such as initiation of substance use or reckless driving, are a major source of morbidity and mortality. In this study, we present evidence from a large sample of youths that diminished cortical thickness in specific structural brain networks is associated with impulsive choice. Notably, the strongest association between impulsive choice and brain structure was seen in regions implicated in value-based decision-making; namely, the ventromedial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices. Moving forward, such neuroanatomical markers of impulsivity may aid in the development of personalized interventions targeted to reduce risk of negative outcomes resulting from impulsivity during adolescence.
Multisensory Integration Enhances Temporal Coding in Ventral Cochlear Nucleus Bushy Cells
Authors: Heeringa Amarins N. , Wu Calvin , Shore Susan E.
Published: February 2018

Temporal coding of auditory stimuli is critical for understanding communication signals. The bushy cell, a major output neuron of the ventral cochlear nucleus, can “phase-lock” precisely to pure tones and the envelopes of complex stimuli. Bushy cells are also putative recipients of brainstem somatosensory projections and could therefore play a role in perception of communication signals because multisensory integration is required for such complex sound processing. Here, we examine the role of multisensory integration in temporal coding in bushy cells by activating the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5) while recording responses from bushy cells. In normal-hearing guinea pigs of either sex, bushy cell single unit responses to amplitude-modulated (AM) broadband noise were compared with those in the presence of preceding Sp5 electrical stimulation (i.e., bimodal stimuli). Responses to the AM stimuli were also compared with those obtained 45 min after the bimodal stimulation. Bimodal auditory–Sp5 stimulation resulted in enhanced envelope coding for low modulation frequencies, which persisted for up to 45 min. AM detection thresholds were significantly improved 45 min after bimodal auditory–Sp5 stimulation, but not during bimodal auditory–Sp5 stimulation. Anterograde labeling of Sp5 projections was found within the dendritic fields of bushy cells and their inhibitory interneurons, D-stellate cells. Therefore, enhanced AM responses and improved AM sensitivity of bushy cells were likely facilitated by Sp5 neurons through monosynaptic excitatory projections and indirect inhibitory projections. These somatosensory projections may be involved in the improved perception of communication stimuli with multisensory stimulation, consistent with psychophysical studies in humans.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMultisensory integration is crucial for sensory coding because it improves sensitivity to unimodal stimuli and enhances responses to external stimuli. Although multisensory integration has typically been described in the cerebral cortex, the cochlear nucleus in the brainstem is also innervated by multiple sensory systems, including the somatosensory and auditory systems. Here, we showed that convergence of these two sensory systems in the cochlear nucleus results in improved temporal coding in bushy cells, principal output neurons that send projections to higher auditory structures. The improved temporal coding instilled by bimodal auditory–Sp5 stimulation may be important in priming the neurons for coding biologically relevant sounds such as communication signals.
Large Visual Stimuli Induce Two Distinct Gamma Oscillations in Primate Visual Cortex
Authors: Murty Dinavahi V.P.S. , Shirhatti Vinay , Ravishankar Poojya , Ray Supratim
Published: February 2018

Recent studies have shown the existence of two gamma rhythms in the hippocampus subserving different functions but, to date, primate studies in primary visual cortex have reported a single gamma rhythm. Here, we show that large visual stimuli induce a slow gamma (25–45 Hz) in area V1 of two awake adult female bonnet monkeys and in the EEG of 15 human subjects (7 males and 8 females), in addition to the traditionally known fast gamma (45–70 Hz). The two rhythms had different tuning characteristics for stimulus orientation, contrast, drift speed, and size. Further, fast gamma had short latency, strongly entrained spikes and was coherent over short distances, reflecting short-range processing, whereas slow gamma appeared to reflect long-range processing. Together, two gamma rhythms can potentially provide better coding or communication mechanisms and a more comprehensive biomarker for diagnosis of mental disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGamma rhythm has been associated with high-level cognitive functions such as attention and feature binding and has been reported to be abnormal in brain disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Unlike previous studies that have shown a single gamma rhythm in the primate visual cortex, we found that large visual gratings induce two distinct gamma oscillations in both monkey LFP and human EEG. These rhythms, termed slow (25–45 Hz) and fast (45–70 Hz), exhibited distinct tuning preferences, latencies, and coherence profiles, potentially reflecting processing at two different ranges. Multiple gamma oscillations in visual cortex may provide a richer representation of external visual stimuli and could be used for developing brain–machine interfacing applications and screening tests for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Diagnostic accuracy and comparison of BIPSS in response to lysine vasopressin and hCRH
Authors: Jarial Kush Dev Singh , Bhansali Anil , Gupta Vivek , Singh Paramjeet , Mukherjee Kanchan K , Sharma Akhilesh , Vashishtha Rakesh K , Sukumar Suja P , Sachdeva Naresh , Walia Rama
Published: February 2018

Context

Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) using hCRH is currently considered the ‘gold standard’ test for the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome (CS). Vasopressin is more potent than CRH to stimulate ACTH secretion as shown in animal studies; however, no comparative data of its use are available during BIPSS.

Objective

To study the diagnostic accuracy and comparison of hCRH and lysine vasopressin (LVP) stimulation during BIPSS.

Patients and methods

29 patients (27-Cushing’s disease, 2-ectopic CS; confirmed on histopathology) underwent BIPSS and were included for the study. Patients were randomized to receive hCRH, 5 U LVP or 10 U LVP during BIPSS for ACTH stimulation. BIPSS and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI) were compared with intra-operative findings of trans-sphenoidal surgery (TSS) for localization and lateralization of the ACTH source.

Results

BIPSS correctly localized the source of ACTH excess in 29/29 of the patients with accuracy of 26/26 patients, using any of the agent, whereas sensitivity and PPV for lateralization with hCRH, 5 U LVP and 10 U LVP was seen in 10/10, 6/10; 10/10,8/10 and 7/7,6/7 patients respectively. Concordance of BIPSS with TSS was seen in 20/27, CEMRI with BIPSS in 16/24 and CEMRI with TSS in 18/24 of patients for lateralizing the adenoma. Most of the side effects were transient and were comparable in all the three groups.

Conclusion

BIPSS using either hCRH or LVP (5 U or 10 U) confirmed the source of ACTH excess in all the patients, while 10 U LVP correctly lateralized the pituitary adenoma in three fourth of the patients.
A shot to the heart: a rare case of cardiac embolization
Authors: Elsisi Islam Fathi Hussein Ali , Kidambi Ananth
Published: February 2018

This is a case report of intracardiac foreign bodies that gained access to the heart by migration from a peripheral vein. The case report describes the diagnostic findings on cardiac imaging and summarizes different approaches to management.
Transformation of Summary Statistics from Linear Mixed Model Association on All-or-None Traits to Odds Ratio
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Luke R , Robinson Matthew R , Yang Jian , Visscher Peter M
Published: February 2018

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of loci that are robustly associated with complex diseases. The use of linear mixed model (LMM) methodology for GWAS is becoming more prevalent due to its ability to control for population structure and cryptic relatedness and to increase power. The odds ratio (OR) is a common measure of the association of a disease with an exposure (e.g., a genetic variant) and is readably available from logistic regression. However, when the LMM is applied to all-or-none traits it provides estimates of genetic effects on the observed 0–1 scale, a different scale to that in logistic regression. This limits the comparability of results across studies, for example in a meta-analysis, and makes the interpretation of the magnitude of an effect from an LMM GWAS difficult. In this study, we derived transformations from the genetic effects estimated under the LMM to the OR that only rely on summary statistics. To test the proposed transformations, we used real genotypes from two large, publicly available data sets to simulate all-or-none phenotypes for a set of scenarios that differ in underlying model, disease prevalence, and heritability. Furthermore, we applied these transformations to GWAS summary statistics for type 2 diabetes generated from 108,042 individuals in the UK Biobank. In both simulation and real-data application, we observed very high concordance between the transformed OR from the LMM and either the simulated truth or estimates from logistic regression. The transformations derived and validated in this study improve the comparability of results from prospective and already performed LMM GWAS on complex diseases by providing a reliable transformation to a common comparative scale for the genetic effects.
Microbe-induced desaturation of sand using pore pressure development by way of denitrification
Authors: Nakano A.
Published: February 2018

Microbe-induced desaturation by denitrification is a technique that shows potential for mitigating the risk of liquefaction in sandy ground. The process proposed in this study, desaturation through denitrification, was tested using a sand column experiment. The experimental results showed the development of excessive pore pressure induced by biogas production by way of denitrification, which created a hydraulic gradient in the pores in the sand and eventually resulted in water seepage through these pores towards the surface of the sand. The experimental degree of soil water saturation was reduced by 11% at the centre of the specimen after gas production by microorganisms had completed. This indicates that it is possible to adjust the degree of saturation across small ranges by arranging these microbial reactions. However, the pore structure of the soil also strongly affects pore pressure development and determines the final degree of saturation. The general understanding of target soil properties, as well as the microbial reaction under target conditions, must improve before this technique is applied to practical situations.
Shaft friction changes for cyclically loaded displacement piles: an X-ray investigation
Authors: Doreau-Malioche J. , Combe G. , Viggiani G. , Toni J. B.
Published: February 2018

The mechanisms occurring at the grain scale at sand–pile interface under axial cyclic loading are analysed quantitatively in a mini calibration chamber, using X-ray tomography and three-dimensional-digital image correlation. Grain kinematics and porosity evolution are followed along with the macroscopic mechanical response of the interface. The results show different phases in the evolution of shaft resistance during cyclic loading, with a non-negligible increase of shaft resistance in the latter phase. The test conditions are not representative of real engineering applications, where piles supporting bridges, tidal or wind turbines have to safely sustain severe load-controlled cycles. However, advanced image analysis sheds light on the mechanisms controlling the macroscopic behaviour of sand–pile interface. This study provides valuable data set against which theoretical or numerical approaches can be tested.
Tavuk gübresi ve tarımsal atıkların biyoyakıt karakterlerinin incelenmesi
Authors: Özdemir Saim , Er Alper
Published: February 2018

Tavuk kümesleri her geçen gün daha fazla miktarda
altlık atığı oluşturmakta ve bu tipik olarak çevredeki tarım alanlarına gübre
kaynağı olarak yayılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, fazla miktarlar koku emisyonu,
su kaynaklarına kirlilik ve patojen yayılımı gibi çevresel açıdan risk
oluşturmaktadır. Kümes biyokütle atıklarının, kümeslerde alan ısıtmaya enerji
sağlama amaçlı, özellikle diğer yerel tarımsal kaynaklarla karıştırılarak yakılması,
cazip alternatif enerji kaynağı olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, kümesler
boşaltılıp temizleme aşamasında kümes altlık örnekleri toplanmış ve enerji
içerikleri, yanma gaz emisyonları ve yanmadan sonra geriye kalan kül
karakteristikleri incelenmiştir. Ağaç talaşı, fındık kabuğu, mısır sapı ve
çeltik kavuzu, tavuk gübresinin yakılmasında yanma ve emisyonları iyileştirme
amacıyla, ayrıca incelenmiştir. Tavuk kümes altlığının alt ve üst ısıl değeri
sırası ile 3100 – 3500 kcal/kg olarak tespit edilmiş, kuru ağırlık bazında kül
miktarı kül miktarı % 19.4 olarak bulunmuştur. Külde en fazla bulunan mineral P2O5
olmuştur. Kümes altlıklarının yakılması yanma gazı emisyon limit değerlerini,
en problemli NOx emisyonları dahil, sağlamıştır. Enerji değeri ve yanma gazı
emisyonları olarak tarımsal atık maddeler, kümes atıklarından daha iyi değerler
vermiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular, tavuk gübresi ve tarımsal atıkların
kombine edilerek, ekonomik olarak uygun, enerji değeri yüksek biyokütle yakıtı
üretilebileceğini göstermiştir.
Protest Blues: Public opinion on the policing of protest in South Africa
Authors: Roberts Benjamin James , Bohler-Muller Narnia , Struwig Jare , Gordon Steven Lawrence , Mchunu Ngqapheli , Mtyingizane Samela , Runciman Carin
Published: February 2018

The policing response to rising protest action in the country has received increased attention in the last decade. This is particularly owing to concerns over confrontations during which protesters have been arrested, injured and in some instances killed by the police. Despite the criticism voiced by various stakeholders about the manner in which the police manage crowd gatherings, relatively little is known about the views of South African adults on the policing of protest action and the factors that shape such attitudes. To provide some insight, this article draws on data from a specialised module on protest-related attitudes and behaviour that was fielded as part of the 2016 round of the Human Sciences Research Council’s South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS) series. This nationally representative survey included specific questions probing the public’s overall evaluation of the performance of the police in dealing with protests, and the justifiability of the use of force in policing protest action. The article will present a national picture of people’s views on the policing of protest, based on these measures, and then determine the extent to which there are distinct underlying socio-demographic cleavages in these data. A combination of bivariate and multivariate analysis is undertaken in order to understand how perceptions of effectiveness, acceptability and reported participation in protest (especially disruptive and violent actions) shape people’s views regarding policing of protest. The article concludes with a discussion that reflects on the implications of the research for the policing of protest action in future, given the appreciable rise in the incidence of protest since the mid-2000s and the mounting tensions between state institutions and communities over the political, moral and constitutional arguments for and against such actions.
Lawyering protest - critique and creativity: Where to from here in the public interest legal sector?
Authors: Chamberlain Lisa , Snyman Gina
Published: February 2018

Frequent protests, arising from a diversity of motivations, are a feature of the South African landscape. Despite the right to protest being entrenched in section 17 of the Constitution, it is under threat, and communities seeking to protest increasingly risk criminalisation. This article identifies some of the emerging themes in the protest landscape and the way the right to protest is being suppressed. Four dominant themes are highlighted through the lens of the experiences of the public interest legal sector: the conflation of notification and permission; heavy-handed state responses to protests; the abuse of bail procedures; and the use of interdicts. Law has become at least one of the sites of contestation in the protest arena. The political space held open by the existence of the right to protest is thus closing as a result of violations of this right. It is therefore both useful and necessary to interrogate the role of lawyers in such contestation. This article also examines the context and nature of the public interest legal sector’s response to these emerging themes.
Agarose Microbead Encapsulation v1
Authors: Gu Katie
Published: February 2018

Here we have adapted Hempel, K, et al.’s “A simple mechanical procedure to produce encapsulated cells” towards encapsulating Bacillus subtilis spores into agarose microbeads. Reference: Hempel, K, et al.’s “A simple mechanical procedure to produce encapsulated cells.” Nucleic acids research, europepmc.org/articles/PMC310093.
Medical Negligence: Experiences of Doctors in Hospital Settings
Authors: Sangwan Ramesh Kumar
Published: February 2018

Patients are hardly communicated for their pattern of treatment, unless and until one shows anxiety to know about it. Informed choice for the treatment is conspicuous by its absence, as patients are hardly informed and in turn patients also think that it is the doctor who is the most competent person to look after the treatment. Treatment process cannot be viewed without the patient involvement in the process of interaction. Patient should occupy the centre stage. The serious issues of treatment should not by pass the patient but it should be a matter of available choices.
Incidence of major biliary injuries associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Al-Karama teaching hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Sabah Ammar , Alkumasi Hussein Ali , AlGhadhban Mohammed Reda
Published: February 2018

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), is a new modality of surgery late surfaced late 1980s. Compared with open cholecystectomy, LC is associated with less local pain, shorter hospitalization resulting in an early return to work, and a favourable cosmetic outcome. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of major biliary injuries associated with LC.Methods: The patients have been admitted before operation and classical LC was done. Monopolar electrocautery was used. The insertion of postoperative intraperitoneal drain or nasogastric tube depended on the surgeons' preference and opinion. The data was evaluated according to outcome measures, such as bile duct injury, morbidity, mortality and numbers of patients whose operations had to be converted from laparoscopic to open.Results: One hundred and eighty-three (183) patients were initially included in this study. LC was accomplished successfully in one hundred and sixty-two patients (162), twenty-one have been converted to the conventional open method due to sever adhesions or unclear anatomy and they were excluded from this study. Among those who underwent LC, 5(2.73%) had major biliary injuries, another 6 (3.28) had minor injuries and 7 (3.82%) Spillage of Gallstones to the Peritoneal cavity.Conclusions: Biliary injury is the Achilles’ heel of laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. It can have devastating effects, turning the individual into a "biliary cripple". They mainly result from anatomical anomalies and errors of human judgment and are thus preventable to some extent.
Role of human milk fortifier on weight gain in very low birth weight babies
Authors: Verma Ganesh K. , Yadav Amitesh
Published: February 2018

Background: Poor weight gain and postnatal growth of VLBW neonates continues to be a major problem. Breast feeding with HMF fortification show positive effect on growth. Main objective is to study the weight gain pattern in very low birth weight babies supplemented with HMF.Methods: This is an observational study conducted in NICU, Department of Pediatrics, U.P. Rural Institute of Medical Sciences and research Saifai, India between January 2015- June 2016 for assessing the weight gain pattern in VLBW neonates supplemented with HMF.Results: Maximum number of babies supplemented with HMF achieved the targeted weight in 8-14 days (32.2%) followed by those who attained this weight within 15-21 days (30%), 22-28 days (21.1%), <7 days (13.3%) and >28 days (3.3%) respectively. Mean time taken to achieve the targeted weight was 16.69±7.19 days.Conclusions: We concluded that the supplementation with HMF, can result in a significant increase in growth. We demonstrated that fortification of human milk, with HMF did not cause any measured adverse effects in VLBW neonates.
INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION IN CITY OF ISFAHAN
Authors: Almasi Nader , Khorasgani Narges Saeidian
Published: February 2018

Purpose: The objective of this study was evaluation of the relationship between emotional intelligence and effectiveness of educational administration in city of Isfahan using descriptive and correlational approaches.

Methodology: The studied population included 444 education managers in city of Isfahan in year 2015-2016. Based on Cochran formula, 216 participants were systematically sampled for the study. The data collection tool was two standard questionnaires of emotional intelligence questionnaire of Rod Barry and Jane Graves (2005) and effectiveness questionnaire of Aspercher and Christopher (2002). The validity of questionnaires were confirmed by some of the education managers, while reliability of them were calculated using Cronbach’s alpha for emotional intelligence and effectiveness to be 0.86 and 0.83, respectively. Data analysis was performed for both descriptive (frequency, percentage, chart) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation, stepwise regression, and analysis of variance tests).

Main Findings: Results showed that there is a significant correlation between emotional intelligence and effectiveness of administration with correlation coefficient of 0.372 and reliability of 0.002. Also, there was a significant correlation between optimism/emotion regulation factor and effectiveness of administration with correlation coefficient of 0.264 and reliability of 0.000. In addition, there was a significant correlation between evaluation of emotion and interaction marketing factor with correlation coefficient of 0.434 and reliability of 0.001. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between social skills and effectiveness of administration with correlation coefficient of 0.254 and reliability of 0.04. Finally, there was a significant correlation between use of emotions and effectiveness of administration with correlation coefficient of 0.251 and reliability of 0.004.

Implications: This study and result will enlighten academicians and administration about role of emotional intelligence in work culture and success.

Originality: In author’s knowledge and belief this study is first of its kin din city of Isfahan.
Celiacomesenteric trunk: a rare case
Authors: Tek Cihat , Aydın Sonay , Ergün Elif , Koşar Pınar Nercis
Published: February 2018

We present a case of celiacomesenteric trunk that was
incidentally detected on routine multi-detector row computed tomography
angiography of lower extremities. A 59-year-old patient had intermittent
claudication. The celiacomesenteric trunk is a rare vascular variation that is
important to be detected before surgical and interventional procedures. Multi-detector
row computed tomography angiography is excellent on showing vascular anatomy,
pathology and variations.
Dadaism (Re)activated. Artzins and Dada
Authors: Lachman Magdalena
Published: February 2018

The article analyses in what way artzins (independent art and literary journals published in Poland in the 1980s and 1990s) drew inspiration from the Dada tradition, and how they made its philosophy live again. Artzins are seen here both as a medium of literature and art and as specific forms of artistic expression (press art). The article attempts to show why artzins and their authors were interested in reviving the avant-garde and Dada ideas. It also investigates how Dadaism functions today in the form of contemporary works and styles which are influenced by this avant-garde movement. What is more, the article tries to answer the question about the nature and definition of Dadaism shaped and reflected by today's artistic projects.
Role model (in) advertising?
Authors: Lachman Magdalena
Published: February 2018

The article concentrates on analysing the growing interest of academics in studying advertisements. While arguing why this perspective of reading literature may bring interesting critical results, the article focuses mainly on the character of Anna Csillag and its evolution through the twentieth century. Originally Anna Csillag was created as an advertising strategy to be used in selling hairgrowth cream. Boasting beautiful hair, the character grew in popularity across Europe, turning into a public icon of the first half of the twentieth century. Anna Csillag appears as a fictional character in Bruno Schultz’s story Księga (The Book). The article also traces other references to this figure in the twentieth and twenty-first century literary and artistic works.
Legumes: Potential source of entomotoxic proteins- A review
Authors: Sagar D. , Dhall Heena
Published: February 2018

To meet the food demand of the ever-expanding world population there is a need for research and development for protecting crops against insect pests and pathogens. The way could be exploring the plant’s own defense mechanism by manipulating the expression of their endogenous defense proteins or introducing an insect control gene derived from another plants. The wild and resistant gene pools are the potential source of beneficial gene that offers considerable resistance to the insect pests. Insecticidal proteins viz., lectins, a-amylase inhibitor, urease, protease inhibitor, arcelins and cyclotides present in the seeds of pulses, especially in wild and resistance germplasms have been suggested to play a major role in insect resistance which are considered as most promising weapons that confer resistance against insects and which will be eco-friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides. Thus, it is very important to characterize these proteins and their encoding genes so that they can be used as viable means of producing pest resistant transgenic crops. This review deals with the biochemical features and mechanism of action of legume insecticidal proteins involved in defense mechanism against insect pests.
Feeding Infants with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: Finding the Sweet Spot
Authors: Maguire Denise J. , Shaffer-Hudkins Emily , Armstrong Kathleen , Clark Leah
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study is to learn how caregivers who are expert in feeding infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) successfully feed these infants during withdrawal.

Focus group methodology was used to gather information from self-identified experts from three large regional NICUs. Twelve NICU nurses and speech therapists participated in open-ended, recorded discussions. Detailed flip chart notes were taken, reviewed, and verified by the participants before the group ended.

Four major themes emerged verified by the participants: (1) optimal medication management, (2) follow the baby’s cues, (3) calm and comfortable, and (4) nurture the relationship. Participants reported using both common and creative techniques. Keeping the infant calm was crucial to being successful, as well as maintaining good control of withdrawal signs. Feeding the infant facing away from them to avoid eye contact was used, as well as vertical rocking, continuous butt patting, bundling, “shhing” sound, and a novel feeding position.
Transport and Field Emission Properties of MoS2 Bilayers
Authors: Urban Francesca , Passacantando Maurizio , Giubileo Filippo , Iemmo Laura , Di Bartolomeo Antonio
Published: February 2018

We report the electrical characterization and the field emission properties of CVD-grown MoS2 bilayers deposited on SiO2/Si substrate. Current-voltage characteristics are measured in the back-gate transistor configuration, with Ti contacts patterned by electron beam lithography. We confirm the n-type character of as-grown MoS2 and we report normally-on field effect transistors. Local characterization of field emission is performed inside a scanning electron microscope chamber with piezo-controlled tungsten tips working as the anode and the cathode. We demonstrate that an electric field of ~200 V/μm is able to extract current from the flat part of MoS2 bilayers, which therefore can be conveniently exploited for field emission applications even in low field-enhancement configurations. We show that a Fowler-Nordheim model, modified to account for electron confinement in 2D materials, fully describes the emission process.
Karakteristik Morfologis dan Penyebaran Padi Lokal Lahan Rawa di Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Kodir Kiagus Abdul , Juwita Yuana , Ali Triyandar
Published: February 2018

Inventarisasi sumber daya genetic (SDG) padi lokal lahan rawa di Sumatera Selatan telah dilakukan dalam kurun waktu tahun 2013-2015.  Kegiatan inventarisasi dilakukan pada dua agroekosistem lahan padi di Sumatera Selatan, yaitu lahan rawa lebak (di Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir dan Ogan Ilir) dan lahan rawa pasang surut (di Kabupaten Banyuasin).  Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei dan desk study.  Karakterisasi morfo-agronomis juga telah dilakukan baik secara in-situ maupun ex-situ.  Hasil pengamatan karakteristik morfologis dianalisis secara deskriptif.  Sebanyak total 115 jenis aksesi lahan rawa telah berhasil diinventarisasi dengan sebaran 67 asksesi dari lahan rawa lebak dan 48 aksesi di lahan pasang surut.  Dari hasil karakterisasi morfo-agronomis diketahui bahwa terdapat keragaman yang tinggi pada aksesi-aksesi padi lokal lahan rawa yang dikoleksi dari lokasi yang berbeda.
Karakter Morfologi Tujuh Aksesi Pisang dari Maluku Utara
Authors: Hendaru Indra , Hidayat Y. , Ramdhani M.
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the diversity centre of banana. The North Maluku area has a high diversity of banana, which cultivated in farm and yard to produce food and other utilization, but has not been characterized yet morphologically and genetically. The objective of this study was to characterize banana accessions collected by BPTP Maluku Utara. The study was conducted from May 2014 to May 2015 in Germplasm Station of Assessment Institute for Agricultural TechnologyNorth Maluku. This study used seven accessions of cultivated banana, namely Emas, Jarum, Tembaga, and Gohu Banana (Tidore Kepulauan City), Bunga (East Halmahera Regency), Galela (North Halmahera Regency), and Mulu Bebe (West Halmahera Regency). The morphological character observed were 32 qualitative characters and 15 quantitative characters based on standard descriptors from IPGRI. The data were analized by cluster analysis. The results showed that variability of morphology characters were found in the observed banana accesions. The cluster analysis showed that genetic diversity of seven banana accessions was divided two group clusters. The first, cluster I consisted of Gohu and Bunga banana. Second, cluster II consisted of Jarum, Emas, Galela, Tembaga, and Mulu Bebe banana. Emas banana and Jarum banana had the most maximum similar morphology characters of 63,12%, meanwhile Gohu banana had the lowest similar morphology characters from other accessions.

 

Abstrak

Indonesia merupakan bagian dari pusat keragaman pisang. Kawasan Maluku Utara memiliki keragaman pisang yang tinggi dan mudah ditemukan di kebun dan pekarangan untuk produksi bahan pangan maupun tujuan lain. Namun, keragaman tersebut belum dikarakterisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi aksesi pisang yang dikoleksi BPTP Maluku Utara berdasarkan karakter morfologi. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2014 sampai Mei 2015 di Kebun Plasma Nutfah BPTP Maluku Utara. Penelitian menggunakan tujuh jenis pisang yaitu pisang Emas, pisang Jarum, pisang Tembaga, dan pisang Gohu (Kota Tidore Kepulauan), pisang Bunga (Kab. Halmahera Timur), pisang Galela (Kab. Halmahera Utara), dan pisang Mulu Bebe (Kab. Halmahera Barat). Karakter morfologi yang diamati meliputi 32 karakter kualitatif dan 15 karakter kuan¬titatif berdasarkan panduan deskriptor dari IPGRI. Data hasil pengamatan karakter morfologi dianalisis dengan analisis klaster untuk mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan dari jenis pisang yang diamati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetik aksesi pisang yang diamati, terbagi pada dua kelompok yaitu kelompok 1 (pisang Gohu dan Bunga) dan kelompok II (pisang Jarum, Emas, Galela, Tembaga, dan Mulu Bebe). Aksesi pisang yang memiliki kemiripan paling tinggi ialah pisang Emas dengan Jarum yaitu 63,12%, sedangkan pisang Gohu memiliki hubungan kekerabatan paling jauh di antara seluruh aksesi.
Evaluasi Plasma Nutfah Padi Gogo Berdasarkan Karakter Kuantitatif Perakaran Tanaman
Authors: Andarini Yusi Nurmalita , Afza Higa , Herlina Lina , Sutoro Sutoro
Published: February 2018

Abstract
 

Generally, upland rice productivity is lower than irrigated rice due to physical characteristic, water land limitation, and rooting characteristic. Upland rice variety which could be adaptive towards marginal land environment can be achieved through plant breeding. This study aimed to evaluate rooting system of upland rice germplasm through its rooting ability to penetrate into hard coating and to measure rooting which expected to related with its adaptability towards dry environment and soil density. This study was implemented in ICABIOGRAD’s glass house, Bogor during July–August 2015. A hundred of local varieties of germplasm seeds originated from North Sumatra, South Sumatra, North Sulawesi, Jambi, Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, NTT, Central Java, East Java, West Java, DIY, and Banten provinces were planted inside pot with basic materials were coated with mix combination of 60% paraffin and 40% vaseline which equal with 12 bars of strength. The results showed grouping of 100 variety upand rice germplasms could be devided based on variety with unsimilar charachteristic with others variety, which were Si Gambiri Etek from North Sumatra, Cikapudeng variety from Banten, and Ketan Kasumba B variety from Banten. Germplasm with the best rooting characteristic (roots weight and high root canopy ratio) can be used as genetic resources for plant breeding program.

 

 

Abstrak

 

Produktivitas padi gogo umumnya lebih rendah dibanding dengan padi sawah disebabkan oleh sifat fisik dan terbatasnya air dalam tanah serta karakteristik perakaran tanaman. Varietas padi gogo yang adaptif pada lingkungan lahan marginal dapat diperoleh melalui pemuliaan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi sistem perakaran plasma nutfah padi gogo melalui kemampuan perakarannya menembus lapisan keras dan untuk mengukur perakaran yang diduga berkaitan dengan adaptabilitasnya terhadap lingkungan kekeringan dan kepadatan tanah. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca BB Biogen Bogor pada bulan Juli–Agustus 2015. Benih plasma nutfah 100 aksesi (varietas lokal) yang berasal dari provinsi Sumatra Utara, Sumatra Selatan, Sulawesi Utara, Jambi, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Timur, NTT, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Jawa Barat, DIY, dan Banten ditanam pada pot dengan bagian dasar dilapisi dengan kombinasi campuran 60% parafin dan 40% vaselin yang setara dengan kekerasan 12 bar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengelompokan plasma nutfah 100 varietas padi gogo dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan varietas yang karakteristiknya jauh berbeda dengan yang lain, yaitu varietas Si Gambiri Etek asal Sumatra Utara, varietas Cikapundeng asal Banten, dan varietas Ketan Kasumba B asal Banten. Plasma nutfah yang memiliki karakteristik perakaran baik (bobot akar dan rasio akar tajuk yang tinggi) dapat digunakan sebagai tetua dalam program pemuliaan tanaman.
SEGREGASI KETAHANAN POPULASI F2 PADI CIHERANG/ SWARNALATA terhadap WERENG BATANG COKLAT
Authors: Slamet Slamet , Warsun Ahmad
Published: February 2018

Segregasi ketahanan populasi F2 padi Ciherang/Swarnalata terhadap wereng batang coklat.. BB-Biogen Bogor. Wereng batang coklat (WBC) Delpacidae (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) merupakan hama utama yang menyebabkan penurunan produktivitas panen padi secara nyata di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji populasi WBC yang terganas dan mengevaluasi segregasi ketahanan F2 persilangan Ciherang/Swarnalata. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 3 tahap yaitu 1. Uji keganasan WBC yang berasal dari daerah Jateng dan Jatim pada 12 genotip padi; 2. Evaluasi ketahanan terhadap WBC pada tiruan (simulasi) populasi persilangan yaitu monohibrid dominan (3:1), monohibrid resesif (1:3) dan BC1F2 (1:1). 3. Uji Segregasi menggunakan WBC terganas dengan 125 populasi F2 dari persilangan Ciherang/Swarnalata. Sistem skoring berdasarkan metode IRRI 1996 dan IRRI 1996 yang dimodifikasi, dan data dianalisis statistik menggunakan chi-square. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa WBC asal Jateng lebih ganas dari pada WBC asal Jatim yang menunjukkan respon diferensial secara konsisten pada tanaman tahan dan peka. Dari 125 tanaman yang diuji terpisah menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok tahan 90(72%) nomor dengan skor (0, 1, 3), dan peka 35(28%) nomor dengan skor (5, 7, 9). Kedua kelompok tersebut menunjukkan pola segregasi 3:1 yang sesuai dengan kaidah Mendel. Uji ketahanan progeni F2 Ciherang/Swarnalata terhadap WBC dapat dilakukan melalui metode IRRI 1996 modifikasi dengan skoring individu pada generasi awal dan stadia bibit. Penelitian ini  bermanfaat dan dapat digunakan di masa yang akan datang dalam penelitian terkait dengan penelitian konfirmasi marka genotipik dan penyaringan terhadap ketahanan WBC. Uji segregasi ini masih perlu dikonfirmasi pada progeni F3 berikutnya.
Eksplorasi Lokus Pup1 Berbasis Marka Molekuler pada 55 Genotipe Padi
Authors: Tasliah Tasliah , Ma'sumah Ma'sumah , Prasetiyono Joko
Published: February 2018

Fosfor (P) adalah unsur penting pada padi yang ketersediaan di bumi semakin berkurang. Genotipe yang mudah menangkap P dan efisien dalam menggunakan P sangat membantu mengatasi defisiensi P.  Kasalath sebagai genotipe dari luar Indonesia saat ini terbukti memiliki lokus Pup1 yang memiliki kemampuan menangkap dan menggunakan P secara efisien.  Eksplorasi lokus Pup1 pada plasma nutfah padi Indonesia diharapkan bisa memperoleh genotipe baru yang memiliki lokus Pup1.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi 55 genotipe padi, baik padi sawah maupun padi gogo dengan menggunakan marka-marka spesifik gen-gen yang berada di dalam lokus Pup1. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler, Balai Besar Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian pada bulan Januari sd Desember  2015. Genotipe padi yang digunakan berjumlah 55 genotipe, terdiri dari 3 genotipe cek (Kasalath, NIL-C443, dan Nipponbare), 52 genotipe padi Indonesia terdiri dari 37 padi gogo dan 15 padi sawah.  Marka yang digunakan adalah empat marka yang spesifik berada di dalam lokus Pup1, yakni K05, K20−2 + Bsp12861, K29−1, dan K46−2.  Lima genotipe (Kasalath, NIL-C443, Gajah Mungkur, Cabacu, dan IR36) yang memiliki alel Kasalath pada keempat marka disekuen pada pita yang dihasilkan oleh marka K20−2 + Bsp12861 dan K46−2, yang menghasilkan protein dirigen dan protein serin/treonin.  Analisis kesamaan sekuen dilakukan menggunakan beberapa perangkat lunak yang ada di dalam program DNA Star Lasergen 11 Core Suite. Sekuen genotipe Kasalath, NIL-C443, Gajah Mungkur, Cabacu, dan IR36 daerah marka K20−2 + Bsp12681 dan K46−2 memiliki kesamaan yang bervariasi (54,7−95,2% dan 94,6−97,5%) dibanding dengan sekuen Pup1 rujukan. Genotipe Gajah Mungkur, Cabacu, dan IR36 memiliki potensi sebagai sumber lokus Pup1 yang baru menggantikan Kasalath.
PENGGUNAAN VITAMIN C DAN SUHU PENGERINGAN PADA PEMBUATAN CHIP (IRISAN KERING) LABU KUNING LA3 (Cucurbita moschata)
Authors: Kuliahsari Dessy Eka , Fauzi Mukhammad , Diniyah Nurud , Rusdianto Andrew Setiawan
Published: February 2018

Labu kuning LA3 adalah labu unggul hasil penyilangan yang karakteristiknya mudah rusak selama proses penyimpanan. Salah satu alternatif untuk memperpanjang masa simpan adalah mengolahnya sebagai chip atau irisan kering. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi vitamin C dan suhu pengeringan terhadap karakteristik mutu fisik dan kimia chip labu kuning. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktor yaitu konsentrasi vitamin C (0,4%, 0,5%, dan 0,6%) dan suhu pengeringan (40oC, 50oC, dan 60oC). Chip labu kuning yang dibuat dengan perbedaan konsentrasi vitamin C dan suhu pengeringan memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap nilai rendemen, higroskopisitas, kecerahan, kadar air, kadar vitamin C, dan kadar beta karoten. Produk chip labu kuning LA3 terbaik adalah produk yang dibuat dengan dengan konsentrasi vitamin C 0,5% dan pengeringan dengan suhu 40oC. Chip labu kuning yang menghasilkan karakteristik mutu terbaik dari perlakuan yang ada, memiliki karakteristik nilai rendemen sebesar 5,48%; higroskopisitas 12,79 %, kecerahan 94,27, kadar air 11,49 %, kadar vitamin C 2,47 %, dan kadar beta karoten sebesar 13,20 mg/100 g bahan.