bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compatibility of variety and planting pattern of Maize (Zea mays) in early Ganitri (Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb.) based agroforestry in dry land
Authors: Rohandi A , Swestiani D
Published: April 2020

Agroforestry in dry-land is an effort to increase land productivity and to support food security program. Practicing the proper agroforestry in the early age is very essential not only to optimize the annual crop yield but also giving benefit to the tree growth.Ganitri (Elaeocarpus ganitrusRoxb.) is a tree species that produce beads with high economic value for religious purpose in Southeast Asia and India. Meanwhile, maize is one of staple food throughout Southeast Asia which support food security program. This research aimed to discover the suitable maize variety and planting pattern for early agroforestry in order to get optimum yield and able to supportganitrigrowth as the main tree. Randomized block design with split plot design was conducted with 2 factors and 3 replications. The main plot was maize variety (single cob and double cobs) and the sub-plot was the planting pattern (two rows and three rows of maize inganitrialleys). The hypothesis of this research was maize varieties and planting pattern inganitribased agroforestry had influence on maize production and the growth ofganitri.The result shows that interaction between maize variety and planting pattern have significant effect on the average height of maize in the early and end of growth, nevertheless it does not give any significant response on the early growth ofganitriexcept for the branch number. The utilization of double cobs variety with three rows of maize in between trees gave higher yield, 4.55 t ha−1dry kernels in total. This planting pattern has the potency to be applied in order to optimize the land-use on earlyganitri-based agroforestry in dry land.
The utilization of trees by endangered primate species Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) in shade-grown coffee agroforestry of Central Java
Authors: Sari D F , Budiadi  , Imron M A
Published: April 2020

Although human intervention remains high, a shade-grown coffee agroforestry in Kemuning, Central Java still have important roles for biodiversity conservation. Among various fauna, the Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus), a critically endangered species, can survive in this agroforestry system. The use of spatial method on shade-grown coffee agroforestry seems unusual. We aim to investigate the utilization of tree and other vegetation by Javan slow lorises in a shade-grown coffee agroforestry ecosystem in Kemuning Forest. We followed two individuals (male and female) of slow lorises from December 2018 until May 2019 using radio collar. We recorded both vertical and horizontal positions of each individual based on their position on trees at two spatial dimensions (vertical and horizontal). To explore whether lorises select certain tree species, we laid 275 plots (20×20m) in their habitat and using Chi-square test for the analysis. Our findings show that both male and female of Javan slow loris in shade-grown coffee agroforestry use different forest stratum for their activity. The female used 42.11% of their time to do exploratory activity in the outer part of the canopy, regardless the vertical position, and 43.76% in the middle part (vertical position) and the outer part (horizontal position) of the canopy. While the male mostly uses the inner part of the canopy (52.57%) and upper part of the canopy for feeding activity (64.37%). Both male (Chi-square test = 264.05, p < 0.05) and female (Chi-square test = 357.35, p < 0.05) lorises select tree species for their behavior. We provide here evidence of biodiversity conservation services by shade-grown coffee agroforestry practices in Indonesia. The intensity of coffee management under tropical trees seems does not impact significantly to the presence and behavior of slow loris, however precautionary measures to reduce poaching should be done as this endangered species threatened by illegal activity. Benefivial values from managing shade-grown coffee agroforestry for generating income for locals such as wildlife-friendly coffee production can also be alternative hand in hand to reduce poaching.
Smallholder farmers’ perception on oil palm agroforestry
Authors: Susanti A , Marhaento H , Permadi D B , Hermudananto  , Budiadi  , Imron M A , Maimunah S , Susanto D , Bakhtiar I , Lembasi M
Published: April 2020

Oil palm has become a prominent agricultural commodity in Indonesia. It is widely adopted mainly as monoculture plantations both by smallholders and large scale companies. Evidence shows that these massive monoculture practices have led to adverse impacts to environmental and social systems as well as unsustainable growth of the producing regions. Particularly, smallholder farmers have encountered difficulties to cope with the fluctuating oil palm price. We argue that adding perennial trees and other agricultural crops or combining with livestock breeding in the form of agroforestry could become an alternative for smallholder farmers to deal with this problem. Oil palm agroforestry (OPAF) has been voluntarily adopted by smallholder farmers at limited scales. This article aims at analysing smallholder farmers’ perception on oil palm agroforestry in terms of production and potential contribution to improve environment. Intensive fieldworks were conducted in Jambi and Central Kalimantan to investigate smallholder farmers’ perception on oil palm agroforestry. This research reveals that the relatively large proportion of smallholder farmers perceived that (a) oil OPAF produces less of oil palm fresh bunch fruits and demands more complex management compared to those with monoculture system, (b) OPAF helps smallholder farmers to cope with the FFB price fluctuation and improves household food security, and (c) OPAF improves environmental quality in general. From these results, we learned that smallholder farmers have various perceptions on OPAF which are ranged from very positive to very negative. These smallholder farmers’ perceptions could become important factors which determine their decisions in adopting or not adopting OPAF. Therefore, more efforts are needed to improve farmers’ confidence in adopting oil palm agroforestry. Furthermore, we need more evidence on how oil palm agroforestry system could provide a socially, economically and environmentally feasible alternative to monoculture system.
Strengthening of farmer groups institutions in the development of community forests based on Jamblang (Syzygium cummini Linn) agroforestry
Authors: Palmolina M , Sudomo A , Mulyana S
Published: April 2020

The existence of farmer’s groups is important for increasing community forest productivity. The final impact is the sustainability of the environment and the community’s welfare with the pattern of community forests. The purpose of the research is to find out the structure and dynamic of farmer groups for institutional strengthening. The research was conducted in Cipari Hamlet, Linggajaya Village, Cisitu Subdistrict, Sumedang Regency, from 2015 to 2017. The research used a qualitative approach and descriptive explanation of a case. Data collection was conducted by doing in-depth interviews with 3 (three) informants, and using questionnaires on 22 (twenty two) respondents who are members of the “Lingga Murni” forest farmer group. The result showed that the forest farmer group “Lingga Murni” was a modern group, as seen from the existence of an organizational structure (but there was no forestry section) and some institutional activities that have already left the sub-district. But the collection of decisions was not by deliberation but directly from the group leader. The Lingga Murni farmer group did not accommodate the opinions of all members. Alternative development agency priorities were the establishment of a forestry section in the organizational structure to accommodate community forest activities, as well as the creation of work plans with the aim of improving the performance of its members, from program design to evaluation of activities.
Effect of altitude on thermal balance of a heavy-duty diesel engine
Authors: Rao Xiaoxuan , Huang Ronghua , Huang Runwu , Zhou Pei , Zhang Yu , Huang Sheng
Published: April 2020

Diesel engines working at high altitudes are prone to thermal failure. In this paper, a series of experiments and simulations were conducted to analyze the thermal balance, in-cylinder heat transfer, and performance of diesel engines at various altitudes. A six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine was used to conduct the thermal balance tests at altitudes from 0 m to 4500 m. The experiment results show that the engine thermal efficiency declines from 37.8% to 33.9% at the rated speed as altitude rises. The heat loss through cooling water has no significant change in trend and remains about 22%-24% in most conditions. The heat loss through exhaust decreases as altitude rises and accounts for 26.7%-39.8% of total energy. The unaccounted losses increase greatly as altitude rises but it makes up no more than 12.1% of total energy at all altitudes. To acquire more detailed in-cylinder heat transfer parameters, a one-dimensional in-cylinder simulation was conducted. The simulation results show that the in-cylinder heat transfer coefficient and heat fluxes increase first and then decrease as altitude rises. In addition, with the increase of altitude, the in-cylinder average gas temperature substantially increases. This study has practical significance for reducing thermal load of the engines working at high altitudes.
Numerical simulation research of subcooled flow boiling based on MUSIG model under low pressure
Authors: Zhou Pei , Huang Ronghua , Zhang Yu , Huang Sheng , Rao Xiaoxuan
Published: April 2020

Subcooled boiling heat transfer is widely used in modern high-power and high-load internal combustion engines (ICEs) because of its efficient heat transfer characteristics. In the present work, a numerical simulation of subcooled boiling under low-pressure conditions is performed on CFX with a user-defined program. Lee’s subcooled boiling experiment results are used for calculations. The bubble departure diameter is simulated by Du’s model. In order to apply the simulation method to engine cooling system with complex channel, the Favre Averaged Drag Model and Tomiyama Lift Force Model are used which makes up for shortcomings of the experience factor needed to be adjusted. The Multiple Size Group (MUSIG) model considering the effects of vapor bubbles coalescence and breakup is used to describe the different sizes of bubbles in the liquid phase. A qualitatively good agreement with the experimental data is achieved without changing model parameters, which lays a good foundation for the application of the simulation method in an engine cooling system.
Formation mechanism and distribution characteristics of micro residual oil in ultra-high water cut reservoirs a case study of yangsanmu oilfield
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Zhang Tao , Zhang Xianguo , Yan Mingming
Published: April 2020

The formation mechanism and distribution characteristics of microscopic remaining oil are the basis for efficient development and enhanced oil recovery of heavy oil reservoirs in ultra-high water cut stage. This paper takes Yangsanmu heavy oil reservoir in Huanghua depression as an example, micro-displacement simulation experiment based on microscopic pore structure analysis. Through parallel experiments, the remaining oil displacement effects of water flooding combined with polymer flooding, water flooding and surfactant polymer system combination, water flooding and poly-alkaline ternary composite flooding were compared. The formation mechanism and distribution pattern of remaining oil under different displacement medium conditions were studied to find a reasonable displacement medium system. The experimental results show that the formation of microscopic remaining oil in the study area is related to the stripping effect, the flow around, the pinch action occurs, the run through effect and the adherent flow. The distribution types of remaining oil are mainly angular type, pore wall oil film type, throat retention type, dispersed oil drop type and porphyritic remaining oil in macropores. The analysis of residual oil saturation under different displacement media shows that the combined flooding effect of water flooding and poly-alkaline ternary composite flooding are the best, followed by water flooding and surfactant polymer system combination flooding. This study provides guidance for the remaining oil exploration plan of the ultra-high water cut stage heavy oil reservoir in this area.
Prediction of circulating water loss based on support vector machine and neural network
Authors: Yin Aiming , Cao Fan , Jin Xuliang , Dong Lei , Nie Jinfeng , Ma Lin
Published: April 2020

Based on the operational data of the circulating water system in a thermal power plant, BP neural network and support vector machine regression were used to establish the prediction model of circulation water system evaporation and wind blow loss. The trail method was used to improve the BP neural network prediction model, and for the prediction model of support vector machine regression, the kernel function and the corresponding parameters were selected through optimization. The results showed that the mean square error of the simulation results of the two models were 0.071 and 0.070 respectively in summer and 0.046 and 0.047 respectively in winter, this meets the prediction requirements of project and demonstrates high prediction accuracy. With the evaluation index of neural network model, the simulation and prediction results of the two models were compared and analysed. The results showed that the simulation results of two model were basically the same, but the support vector machine model training sample time is shorter, the convergence speed is faster, and the overall network model performance is better.
Highly robust LCL three-phase grid-connected inverter under non-ideal grid
Authors: Zhang Ziyuan , Fu Ziyi , Dong Yanjie
Published: April 2020

A current-voltage dual-loop grid-connected control strategy for a conventional grid-connected inverter that is susceptible to instability under a non-ideal grid is designed. The effects of grid impedance and fluctuations in this strategy are considered. The influence of power network impedance change on LCL filter is analysed, the small signal model of phase-locked loop is established, and the design methods of system parameters and controller parameters to improve the robustness of the system are given. Finally, through MATLAB/Simulink simulation, current and voltage output of grid-connected inverters and grid-connected current quality parameters are obtained under different working conditions, verifying the correctness and feasibility of theoretical derivation.
Evaluation of the performance of a hybrid cooling/heating system combining groundwater direct cooling with groundwater heat pump for rural buildings
Authors: Fang Qi , Zhang Yufeng
Published: April 2020

With the remarkable improvement of villagers’ living standard and the requirement of building energy efficiency, it becomes imperative to rely on renewable sources of energy and make a more efficient use of energy to solve the problem of cooling/heating for the rural buildings. This paper presents a new hybrid cooling/heating system, which combines groundwater direct cooling system (GWDCs) with groundwater heat pump system (GWHPs). The system is installed in an office building in Youhao Street, Duliu town, Jinghaicounty, Tianjin, China. The feasibility of the system is verified and the performance of the system is experimentally evaluated both in cooling and heating modes. It is found that the average GWDCs COPS is approximately 3.85 in the cooling season, while the average heat pump COP and the overall system’s COPS of GWHPs are about 5.05 and 2.8 respectively. The results obtained from the experiment show that these systems could be used safely, reliably and efficiently at the lowest cost for the rural buildings in Tianjin, China.
Clustering and modelling of rheological parameters for anaerobic digestion materials (ADMs) and its application for feed pump selection
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhu Hongguang
Published: April 2020

Anaerobic digestion technology is a promising technology for renewable energy and environmental protection. Rheological properties of anaerobic digestion materials (ADMs) are the essential parameters for transporting and mixing system design. Anaerobic slurry with high total solid(TS) is a Non-Newton fluid fit for power law model, its apparent viscosity is a function of consistency coefficient K and non-dimensional rheology index n. At present, studies on rheological parameters of ADMs mostly focus on specific single raw material, and the TS content has the greatest influence on rheological parameters. By comparing the rheological properties of different ADMs in literatures, it was found that the large difference among the rheological parameters comes from not only different types of ADMs (due to different components), but also the same type (due to different ways of pretreatment), which makes it difficult for the selection of rheological parameter model in biogas design. In this work, 20 different ADMs were clustered into 5 types by statistical method and then their rheological parameters were conducted. The five types of ADMs respectively are: low fiber content slurry, high fiber content slurry, straw manure mixture, straw suspension and digested sludge. The rheological parameter models of the five types can be written as K as an exponential function of TS, and n as a linear function of TS, which the range of TS is 4%-10%. Furthermore, the rheological parameter models were applied to the selection of feed pump of a 6000m3 biogas plant in Funan county of Anhui province, China. In this paper, the values of K and n of 20 ADMs were calculated when TS equals to 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%, and the optimal classification results were obtained by comparing the three results between hierarchical clustering method and K-Means clustering method.
Pore-scale model of two phase flow in 2D porous media: Influences of interfacial tension and heterogeneity effects on CO2 injection in the tight oil reservoir
Authors: Wang Deqiang , Cheng Linsong , Cao Renyi , Jia Pin , Guan Yun , Liu Hao
Published: April 2020

The CO2 injection in tight reservoir is different from the conventional reservoir. For the porous media, the pore throat in the matrix reaches the level of nanopore, and the heterogeneity leads to huge difference during CO2 injection. For the interaction of fluids, the reduction of interfacial tension caused by CO2 is benefit to enhance oil recovery. To reveal the mechanism, pore scale model from tight formation is built and the influences of interfacial tension and heterogeneity are investigated. First, the migration of two-phase interface is studied by coupled with level set (LS) equation and Navier-Stokes (NS) equation. And finite element method (FEM) with interfacial adaptive mesh refinement is employed to solve the equation system. The results reach highly agreement compared with analytical solution and phase field method. Then, the pore throat distribution characteristics of porous media model are built by the scanning electron micrograph (SEM). Finally, based on the real porous media model from the SEM image, the influences of interfacial tension and heterogeneity are investigated. The pore scale model considering fluid and medium mechanism during CO2 injection provides a better understanding of interfacial tension and heterogeneity effect in tight oil reservoirs.
Hydrogeochemical features and origin of geothermal water of carbonate rocks in the NE Guanzhong Basin, China
Authors: Xu Panpan , Zhang Qiying , Qian Hui
Published: April 2020

A great number of geothermal waters in carbonate rocks are located in the NE Guanzhong Basin. Hydrogeochemical features and genesis of geothermal waters in carbonate rocks were investigated by hydrogeochemical and statistical methods. The results show that the geothermal water in carbonate rocks is basically fresh water with the dominant water type of Na-HCO3. The hydrogeochemistry of geothermal water is governed by water-rock interaction, and the reservoir environment of geothermal water is open. The origin of geothermal water can be the atmospheric infiltration water. This study is aimed to provide the scientific basis for the sustainable development and utilization of geothermal waters of carbonate rocks in Guanzhong Basin.
Nonlinear adaptive control of PV inverter for maximum solar energy harvesting using democratic joint
Authors: Lai Weijian , Chen Weihong , Li Jingguang , Zhang Xin , Lin Zehong , Li Haofei
Published: April 2020

This study designs a novel nonlinear adaptive controller (NAC) of photovoltaic inverter in order to generate the maximum energy of solar power under different condition. Inverter nonlinearities, uncertain grid/inverter parameters, as well as inverter modelling uncertainties are aggregated into a perturbation. Then, a linear extended state observer (ESO), is applied for estimate the perturbation online. Meanwhile, a state feedback controller is used to calculate the perturbation in the real-time. Particularly, its optimal control parameters are effectively and efficiently tuned by a novel meta-heuristic algorithm, called democratic joint operations algorithm (DJOA), such that a satisfactory control property could be resulted in. Case studies verifies the effectiveness and advantages of NAC compared to conventional linear control, e.g., PID controller, and typical nonlinear control, e.g., feedback linearization controller (FLC), under solar irradiation variation and temperature variation.
Study of probabilistic safety assessment for a reprocessing plant
Authors: Wang Renze , Zhang Jiangang , Li Guoqiang , Zhuang Dajie , Yang Yapeng , Feng Zongyang , Jia Linsheng , Wang Ning , Liang Boning
Published: April 2020

According to China’s nuclear power development plan, the demand for construction of more large-scale spent fuel reprocessing plant (RP) is increased. Nuclear safety is very important in the whole process of nuclear fuel cycle, and the safety supervision of RPs mainly draws lessons from the safety supervision of nuclear power plants (NPPs). The industry had come to realize that it could not eliminate all risks through its defense-in-depth principle and design basis accident methodologies. All nuclear power countries with advanced reprocessing industry such as the United Kingdom, France and Japan have carried out probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) research for RPs. This paper takes Chinese pilot RP as the research object. First, failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) and master logic diagram (MLD) methodologies were adopted to identify initiating events (IEs), and then IEs were grouped. After that, fault tree (FT) analysis was performed to various accidents - red oil explosion, fire and criticality. Reliabilities of public systems - power and water and compressed air supply systems were modelled and analysed with GO methodology. And then, consequences of typical accidents were assessed. Finally, application of risk-informed technology in the reprocessing facility was investigated. In brief, PSA for a pilot RP was explored in this paper, and the results could be used as reference for Chinese commercial RP.
Wave energy resources in nearshore area of Dongluo Island, Sanya
Authors: Li Bo , Li Junmin , Liu Junliang , Shi Ping , Chen Wuyang , Xing Huanlin , Huang Gaolong
Published: April 2020

Based on a bottom-mounted monitoring system, wave characteristics to the northeast shore of Dongluo Island, Sanya, are investigated from July 12 to August 27, 2018. Wave energy resources of the surveying point are evaluated. Analyses demonstrate that, during the observation period, the significant wave height of the surveying point lies in the range of 0.13-1.28 m, the peak period is 1.68-9.57 s, and the main wave direction is mainly southeast. The wave energy density ranges from 0.041 to 2.615 kW m−1, with a mean of 0.222 kW m−1, suggesting relative low wave energy. The wave energy density from southeast-east and southeast directions accounts for about 65.2% of the total. The significant wave height range from 0.2 to 0.5 m, with a period range from 4 to 9 s has prominent contributions (83.71%) to the total wave energy. The northwest of the South China Sea, where Dongluo Island located, is controlled by southwest monsoon during the observation period, and the wave from the southwest may be attenuated by the island during its northward propagation. The surveying point in this study may not be the best location for wave energy converter, which can be further optimized.
Flexible units planning and operational optimization model under large-scale wind power access
Authors: Gou Jing , Xu Weiting , Yang Xinting , Su Yunche , Jin Zhibo , Xu Hao , Li Huaqiang
Published: April 2020

After large-scale wind power access to the power grid, the requirements of flexibility of power system become higher, and it is necessary to transform the flexibility of the largest proportion of resources, the thermal units. Firstly, a mathematical model of flexibility requirements and supply of power system is established. Secondly, a supply and demand of flexibility matching probability model based on stochastic chance-constrained programming is built (CCP). Then, a flexible resource planning and operation optimization model is proposed aim to minimize the operational cost of the system. After the transformation of the model, it is solved by using the commercial solver CPLEX. Finally, an example is used to verify the validity of the model. The results show that after the transformation the thermal units can promote the consumption of wind power and reduce the total cost of planning and operation.
Analysis on development path of distributed utilization of biomass energy in China
Authors: Liu Shuguang , Gao Yage , Xu Bowen , Deng Min , Jiang Jia
Published: April 2020

Biomass energy is an important renewable energy, which comes directly or indirectly from photosynthesis of plants and is generally derived from agricultural and forestry wastes. The main characteristics of biomass wastes in China are large amount, wide distribution, low utilization rate, great development potential and high urgency of environmental management. With the exhaustion of non-renewable energy and the increasingly serious environmental pollution, the utilization technology of biomass energy needs to be developed as soon as possible. In this paper, the significance of distributed utilization of biomass energy was discussed, and the technologies of distributed utilization of biomass energy were introduced, including direct combustion technology, biochemical conversion technology (fermentation and anaerobic digestion), thermochemical conversion technology (gasification and pyrolysis), liquefaction technology, dense moulding technology and supercritical fluid conversion technology. The application of biomass conversion technology, including biomass gasification for power generation, gasification for hydrogen production, pyrolysis for hydrogen production, fermentation for fuel ethanol, pyrolysis for bio-oil, solidification for solid fuel, composting for fertilizer production, anaerobic digestion for biogas production and catalytic pyrolysis for biofuel production, was discussed. Furthermore, the development path of biomass energy industry was discussed, and the future development of biomass energy distributed utilization technology was prospected.
Optimal energy sharing model for multi-microgrids integrated into the distribution network
Authors: Wei Jun , Ye Shengyong , Han Yuqi , Liu Xuna , Li Da , Zhao Dawei , Wang Siqi , Ren Wenshi , Li Chiyu , Gao Hongjun
Published: April 2020

With the large-scale integration of clean energy resources, microgrids have shifted from consumer to prosumer. Therefore, the behavior of microgrids would have an enormous impact on the distribution network and electricity market. In this context, this paper established an optimal energy sharing model for multi-microgrids under the condition of the constructing cooperative alliance relationship. An overall operation strategy to maximize clean energy utilization and overall benefits is constructed by a two-stage robust model considering the uncertainty of clean energy. Also, a Shapley model is established to distribute the profit based on the contribution among multi-microgrids. Finally, a test case is applied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and is given to verify that the economic benefits of each microgrid are improved after optimization.
Modeling of SNCR denitration system based on adaptive weight particle swarm optimization
Authors: Bai Jianyun , Lei Xiujun , Wang Qi
Published: April 2020

In view of the improvement of NOX emission control requirements for coal-fired units, traditional PID controllers have been unable to effectively control large delay, large inertia, nonlinear, time-varying SNCR denitration systems, and most advanced control algorithms are often object-based models. Therefore, a model of SNCR denitration system based on adaptive weight particle swarm optimization algorithm is established. A 2×200MW heating steam turbine generator set equipped with a 2×705t/h circulating fluidized bed boiler was used as the test unit, and the selective non-catalytic reduction technology denitration system was analysed. The particle swarm optimization algorithm with adaptive weights was used to model the relationship between the urea flow rate and the NOX concentration at the chimney outlet of the SNCR denitration system under working conditions of 140 MW, 170 MW and 200 MW, respectively, to provide a process for the automatic control of the SNCR denitration systemmodel. Apply the actual data from the field to verify the model. The results show that the error between the output of the model and the actual operational data is within the allowable range, which verifies the validity of the model. This result opens up a new path for the particle swarm optimization algorithm to model the SNCR denitration process, and promotes the application of intelligent algorithms in other industrial processes.
Legal protection of atmospheric air in the context of sustainable development and public health: Russia and the world experience
Authors: Vakula Marina Anatolievna
Published: April 2020

The article deals with the legal regulation of air protection in the context of sustainable development and public health. The foreign methods of assessing the quality of atmospheric air are analyzed. The approaches to damage assessment used in Russia and other countries are compared. It also provides a brief overview of the gaps in legal regulation in Russia. The author considers it necessary to ensure the use of monetization of environmental losses of the state in mutual connection with other instruments of public administration. The environmental losses in monetary terms should ultimately serve as a basis for taking measures to reduce them. The concept of sustainable development is enshrined in many international legal instruments and national legislation. Its implementation is designed to pursue and achieve a balance between sustainable management of natural resources and economic development. Obviously the health of population should be considered as one of the main sustainable development indicators for countries with stable economic growth. The growth in industrial production leads to an increase in the emissions. The air is a transit environment, that is why the effects of its pollution have a negative impact on the quality of the neighbouring environmental components – water, soils, animals, flora. All these factors will have the inevitable and negative consequence for human health. It is due to the rising rates of morbidity and premature mortality the economically advanced countries include this factor into their state planning and monetize it.
Review on remote sensing inversion methods of Chlorophyll a in Taihu Lake
Authors: Li Yaqing , Lai Yuequn , Zhang Jing , Song Yongyu , Jiang Xuechen , Feng Xinran , Yang Xiyue , Zhang Chen
Published: April 2020

Chlorophyll a is one of the important parameters to evaluate the water condition, and its content is of great significance to reflect the eutrophication of water body. As an effective inversion method of Chlorophyll, remote sensing inversion has been used widely by scholars all over the world. This paper systematically summarizes the application of remote sensing inversion model in inland water body. Furthermore, the problems in the inversion process are discussed (i.e. poor universality and less understanding of the optical characteristics of water body). Meanwhile we make personal points on the inversion of water body.
Genetic diversity of bacteria in bioremediation system of iron mine tailing by Robinia pseudoacacia - Ryegrass - Trifolium repens
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyu , Liu Yihao , Wang Zuyu , Xiong Weiyi , Yu Xiumei , Zhao Ke , Zhang Ke , Gu Yunfu , Ma Menggen , Chen Qiang
Published: April 2020

To exploration the change of microorganism in iron tailing sand restoration, a bioremediation system of iron tailing sand by combination of Robinia pseudoacacia - Ryegrass-Trifolium repens pus soil or bio-matrix flowerpot was designed, the change of bacterial quantity and genetic diversity at different time was determined. The tailings and soil samples C1 (tailings), C2 (tailings adjacent to biologic pot) and C3 (Robinia pseudoacacia rhizosphere soil), were collected on the 180th d, 270th d and the 360th d. The bacterial quantity was determined, the bacterial strains were isolated and purified, and genetic diversity was studied by BOXA1R-PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that along the restoration time increasing, the number of bacteria in C2 and C3 increased from 4.81×105 cfu·g−1 and 11.82×105 cfu·g−1 to 5.99×105 cfu·g−1 and 15.67×105 cfu·g−1 at 270th d, then to 8.96×105 cfu·g−1 and 21.96×105 cfu·g−1 at 360th d, respectively, while there was little change in C1. From these samples, a total of 32, 46 and 52 bacterial strains were isolated, and the genetic diversity was determined by BOXA1R-PCR, the results showed that there were 7, 9 and 10 BOXA1R groups formed, respectively; phylogenetic analysis of representatives suggested that genus Bacillus were the predominant, and bacteria with biological nitrogen fixation ability, distributed in Rhizobium, Ensifer, Azotobacter, etc. were founded during the iron tailing sand bioremediation. The results suggests that bio-matrix flowerpot combining Robinia pseudoacacia - Ryegrass - Trifolium repens cultivar can increase the bacterial quantity and genetic diversity in iron tailing sand significantly, and probably has a good application potential for tailings restoration.
Study on pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of straw briquette fuel
Authors: Liu Shuguang , Jiang Jia , Chen Xiaolong , Xu Bowen , Deng Min
Published: April 2020

Biomass is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The content of each component has a great influence on the combustion of biomass. The combustion of biomass starts from its thermal decomposition. The main products of cellulose and hemicellulose are volatile components, while the main products of lignin are coke, and cellulose and hemicellulose are easier to decompose than lignin. Therefore, biomass combustion is a very complex process. In order to improve the quality of straw biomass fuels and pyrolysis with high efficiency, thermogravimetric-differential thermogravimetric (TG-DTG) technology was used to conduct thermogravimetric tests on agricultural straw fuels. The combustion characteristics, ignition characteristics, burnout characteristics and comprehensive combustion characteristics were investigated, and the combustion kinetics parameters were calculated.
Study on pollutant model construction and three-dimensional spatial interpolation in soil environmental survey
Authors: Li Shijie , Xi Weili , Li Chao , Bi Tao
Published: April 2020

In site soil investigation, the construction of three-dimensional (3D)geological model and spatial three-dimensional distribution model of pollutants can help investigators to clearly and intuitively understand the morphology distribution and spatial relationship of pollutants. Four 3D interpolation methods (Krige, IDW-Shepard, FastRBF and Nearest Neighbor)are compared and studied, based on the Sb (antimony) data in soil of a polluted plot in Tianjin by using EVS-Pro. The results show that the selection of interpolation method is quite different for the calculation results of 3D interpolation model, and the cross-verification results show that the interpolation accuracy of Krig-3D interpolation model is the highest. The pollution distribution model of Sb based on interpolation results can truly reflect the actual pollution of the site and accurately help to calculate earthwork, and 3D model and visualization technology have more intuitionistic and clear display. It provides a reference and framework for the subsequent remediation and treatment of contaminated sites.
Study on selection and optimization of slag cooler system for a ultra-supercritical CFB boiler
Authors: Wu Wanzhu , Li Ruixin , Wang Hu
Published: April 2020

The construction of large scale CFB units with high steam parameters is the best way to make large-scale clean use of low calorific value coal such as slime and gangue. The ash and slag heat loss of CFB units burning low calorific value coal is large. Roller slag coolers widely used in in-service CFB units have a low efficiency in terms of heat recovery and utilization of ash and slag for CFB boiler, while air-water combined slag cooler can effectively recover heat from ash and slag. By analyzing and studying the influence of air-water combined slag cooler and roller slag cooler on boiler efficiency and power consumption, the coal consumption of ultra-supercritical CFB units with different slag coolers was calculated, and the technical economy of different types of slag coolers was also compared. The results indicate that the air-water combined slag cooler should be selected for the CFB unit with high price of standard coal and large amount of bottom slag, and better economy of the unit could be obtained. In order to take into account the economy and operational reliability of slag cooler system, the scheme of mixing air-water slag cooler with roller slag cooler can be adopted to optimize the selection of slag cooler system for a ultra-supercritical CFB unit. These results can provide referential materials for the selection and optimization of slag cooler system of large-scale CFB boiler.
Research on water quality correlation facts based on grey relational and image analysis method
Authors: Li Ziyuan
Published: April 2020

To understand the impact to the water quality of Huangpu River, a serious scientific research has been conducted. Using the questionnaire answered by the residence and samples of the water collected across different locations, a model has been setup to analyse the relationship between the water quality and residents’ knowledge of environmental protection. A novel Grey Relational Analysis method was proposed to calculate the impact factors from year 2013 to year 2018. The analysis results show that the residents’ environmental awareness and their cognition of water quality is opposite to the actual water quality because of the level of education level of the residence around the river. As for the orientation of the government’s environmental protection measures, the research displays a new focus from the perspective of social science: ways to popularize the status quo of environment protection to the general public.
Research of method for non-point source pollution load
Authors: Huang Huadong , Zhang Jing , Song Yongyu , Lai Yuequn
Published: April 2020

With the increasingly prominent problem of non-point source pollution in river basin water environment, it has attracted people’s attention and become a hot field of international research. This paper summarizes the digital model of non-point source pollution, briefly sketches the simulation analysis method of non-point source pollution model, and introduces an increasingly sophisticated method-SWAT model combined with scenario analysis. The application of the author’s preliminary research in the Minjiang River Basin using the SWAT model and scenario analysis is described. Finally, the development prospect of non-point source pollution model is analyzed and predicted.
Study on ultra-low NOX emission technology of 660 MW ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler
Authors: Xin Shengwei , Li Yingping , Zhang Peng , Hu Changhua , Wang Hu
Published: April 2020

For the first 660MW ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler in China, the original NOX emission concentration would be controlled and maintained below 50mg/Nm3, by improving the uniformity of bed temperature and bed pressure, strengthening the secondary air fractional combustion, optimizing the combustion temperature and operating oxygen and so on. Meanwhile, selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) technology with urea as reducing agent is selected as the auxiliary method to ensure the boiler achieves ultra-low NOX emission under full load conditions.
Experimental study on electrokinetic remediation of Pb-contaminated kaolinite
Authors: Li Gang , Liu Jia , Zhang Jinli
Published: April 2020

The treatment of heavy metal pollution by electrokinetic remediation has the characteristics of low cost, easy operation and less secondary pollution and has broad application prospects. Electrokinetic remediation tests, and some combined with a permeable absorbing layer were conducted to analyze the distribution patterns of conductivity, Pb(II), pH and moisture content in lead (Pb)-contaminated kaolinite. The influences of factors such as remediation time, type of fillers and location of a permeable adsorbing layer on the remediation effects of Pb-contaminated kaolinite were explored. The results reveal that the soil water content decreases with increasing energization time and that the water content near an anode chamber was highest, whereas that near a cathode chamber was lowest. When the test was conducted for 7 days, the conductivity near the cathode side was relatively high, whereas the Pb near the anode side was largely removed. Prolonged energization time was conducive to the removal of Pb. In an electrokinetic test, no alkaline region was detected in kaolinite. When a permeable adsorbing layer was placed in the middle of a soil sample, the removal effect was the best. Compared with bone char, a permeable adsorbing layer of calcareous sand significantly improved the Pb removal rate and effectively reduced energy consumption.
Removal of nickel ions from automobile industry wastewater using ion exchange resin: Characterization and parameter optimization
Authors: Yang Bo , Li Caixuan , Wang Jian , Wei Wei , Hao Binbin , Yang Linhao , Tang Jiawei , Zhang Chunhui
Published: April 2020

Ion exchange is an effect process for removing of heavy metals from wastewater effluents. In the present study, the sorption of nickel ion (Ni (Π)) in effluent from wastewater treatment plant of automobile industry was studied by using D113 ion exchange resin. The static shaking absorption experiments revealed that the process of absorption of Ni (Π) was more in line with non-monolayer absorption model of Freundlich that with a maximum absorption capacity of 36.13 mg/g. The column experimental data showed that under the optimum operating conditions which was pH 7.0, temperature 30 °C and 20 mL/min of flow rate it could meet the emission standard (GB25467-2010) of China with 10 h of processing time. Desorption rate of D113 resin could reach above 93.6% by using 0.8% H2SO4 with 5 mL/min of flow rate, and the analysis of FT-IR and SEM proved that −OH was the main functional group of the resin participate in metal binding, which demonstrated that the D113 resin could be considered as an effectively way for the advanced treatment of Ni (Π) ions in the effluents of automobile industry wastewaters.
Research on optimal dispatching method of power systems with high proportion of clean energy based on multi-energy complementarity
Authors: Gou Jing , Wang Xi , Su Yunche , Yang Xinting , Li Ao , Jin Zhibo , Li Huaqiang
Published: April 2020

The rapid development and large-scale utilization of clean energy is not only conducive to alleviate the global fossil energy crisis, but also brings huge economic and environmental benefits. However, the uncertainty of new energy represented by wind power and photovoltaic power brings a lot of impact on the operation and dispatching of the power system. Hence, it’s urgent to explore a new dispatching mode adapted to the power system with high proportion of clean energy. The optimal dispatching method of power system with high proportion clean energy based on multi-energy complementarity is explored with goal of making full use of clean energy and reducing the operating cost. Particle swarm optimization algorithm and branch and bound method are used to solve the cascade hydropower optimal dispatching problem and the wind, photovoltaic, thermal power joint optimal dispatching problem respectively. Finally, the feasibility of the model is verified by an example.
Short-term electricity price forecasting G-LSTM model and economic dispatch for distribution system
Authors: Lyu Zheng , Wang Yushan , Wang Jiayu , Zhang Lin , Shen Jian , Wang Xu
Published: April 2020

In electricity market, electricity prices play an important role. The short-term electricity trading accounts for a large part in the market. Thus, this paper studied the short-term electricity price forecasting and proposed a new method -- G-LSTM (LSTM with error correction using GARCH model). Using this model, we achieve good performance on the LMPs (locational marginal prices) forecasting in the PJM power market. And based on our electricity price forecasting results, we calculate the ED (economic dispatch) plan of an IEEE 33-bus distribution system which contains wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation as an example.
Energy management strategy of marine lithium batteries based on cyclic life
Authors: Chen Rong , Yu Wanneng , Zhu Yonghuai , Wang Jinduo
Published: April 2020

In recent years, pure electric ship research has become a hot spot in the field of ship research, and lithium battery packs are a major difficulty in the research of pure power ships. Especially the life and safety problems of lithium battery packs seriously affect the future practical application of ships. Therefore, the energy storage system is designed as two sets of lithium battery packs. While increasing the energy of the energy storage system, the power supply of the battery pack is ensured, which not only ensures the safety of the pure electric ship, but also reduces the aging reaction rate of the lithium battery pack. Through the multi-energy ship modeling, specifically related to the control and safe operation of lithium battery packs, a lithium battery pack energy management strategy is provided. The specific scheme is: the model of ship sailing mileage and SOC is established by the theory of energy conservation, the lithium battery aging model is obtained by the lithium battery data of the actual pure electric ship navigation, and the lithium battery pack energy switching based on the mileage aging battery model is proposed. The strategy uses a logic threshold optimization algorithm to reduce the aging rate of the lithium battery pack. Finally, the experimental results show that the lithium battery pack with energy management strategy can perform 400 more navigations when the capacity loss reaches 15% in the same environment. It shows that this strategy is beneficial to improve the cycle life of lithium battery packs.