bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urgensi Rapak (Validasi Data Calon Pengantin) Terhadap Keabsahan Pernikahan
Authors: Nurkhovivah Mahmuda , A Imdad Musyafa , A Wildan , B Octavia , R Aulia , Nur Anisa , A M Daffa , Ayyu Dia
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji urgensi rafak dalam memvalidasi keabsahan data calon pengantin dalam proses perkawinan di KUA kecamatan Sukorejo, Ponorogo. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan metode analisis data kualitatif. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, dokumen  dan data observasi. Kajian ini menghasilkan temuan: Pertama, PMA No. 20 tahun 2019 yang digunakan KUA sebagai acuan pencatatan pernikahan. Kedua, dilihat dari proses rafak yang terjadi dikua ditemukan perbedaan data calon pengantin dan penyebab dilakukannya perpindahan wali ke wali hakim.
Pandangan Hakim Terkait Pengasuhan Anak (Joint Custody) Pasca Cerai Gugat Ditinjau UU Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perlindungan Anak
Authors: Faqih Naswa Atiyatul Maola , Zuhriah Erfaniah
Published: December 2023

Dalam kasus cerai gugat dalam putusan perkara nomor 73/Pdt.G/2022/PA. Ksn. Hakim menetapkan putusan perkara bahwa hak asuh anak milik bersama (joint custody/ shared parenting). Padahal dalam kasus tersebut anak masih berusia dibawah 12 tahun. Fokus permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pandangan Hakim di Pengadilan Agama Kasongan terkait pengasuhan anak (joint custody) pasca cerai gugat. Dan pengasuhan anak (joint custody) ditinjau UU Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perlindungan Anak. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data primer yang digunakan yaitu wawancara, dan sumber data sekunder menggunakan studi pustaka seperti buku, jurnal dan skripsi. Proses pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara dan dokumentasi berupa surat keterangan telah melakukan penelitian. Adapun tahapan pengolahan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari proses pemeriksaan, klasifikasi, verifikasi, analisis, dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Hakim Pengadilan Agama Kasongan setuju dengan pengasuhan anak (joint custody). Sebab, hal tersebut  memberikan anak kebebasan untuk memilih tinggal dengan orang tua manapun tanpa adanya paksaan. Pengasuhan anak (joint custody) ditinjau UU Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 sangat relevan. Sebab konsep pengasuhan bersama sangat berkaitan erat dengan asas kepentingan terbaik bagi anak. Sebagaimana dalam Pasal 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 Tentang Perlindungan Anak.
Perizinan Poligami Karena Hamil Di Luar Nikah
Authors: Ahmad Reza Zulfa
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui bagaimana pertimbangan hakim dalam memutuskan perkara perizinan poligami dalam putusan Nomor 1780/Pdt.G/2021/PA.Bjn berdasarkan Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974, dan bagaimana tinjauan dari Maslahah Mursalah. Jenis penelitian yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif (library research). Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kasus. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan bahan menggunakan teknik inventarisasi, kategorisasi, dan studi kepustakaan. Pada dasarnya kedua belah pihak telah bersepakat untuk melaksanakan perjanjian kewajibannya. Kesepakatan kedua belah pihak yakni, Pemohon akan memenuhi syarat kumulatif, dan Termohon akan memberikan izin kepada Pemohon untuk dapat berpoligami. Dalam mengadakan perjanjian, syarat sahnya perjanjian itu telah terpenuhi, yaitu Termohon sebagai orang yang cakap. Kemudian perjanjian tersebut didasarkan pada alasan yang halal dan itikad baik kedua belah pihak untuk melakukan poligami. Sesuai dengan analisis bahwa perkara ini telah memenuhi syarat sebagai maslahah mursalah, dan perkara ini juga merupakan perkara maslahah dharuriyah karena telah memenuhi salah satu syarat maqasid syari'ah yaitu hifdzu al nasl yang artinya menjaga keturunan. Manfaat yang ditimbulkan dari hal ini jika dikabulkan akan lebih besar dari pada jika ditolak, pemberian izin poligami dapat mendatangkan manfaat karena dapat memberikan kepastian dan perlindungan hukum bagi calon istri dan calon anak itu sendiri, selain itu juga akan menghindari perkawinan poligami di bawah tangan dan menikah diam-diam.
Telaah Praktik Mopobuka di Bulan Ramadan di Kecamatan Bone
Authors: Al Kautsar Muhammad Syakir , Laleno Wilkawati Halid
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti bagaimana praktek pelaksanaan Mopobuka Atas Pelamaran Pada Bulan Ramadan Di Kecamatan Bone Kab. Bone Bolango.

Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan Sosioligis Normatif, yaitu pendekatan dilakukan dengan cara pengamatan, wawancara, dan pengolahan dokumen, yakni tanya jawab secara lisan terhadap informan dengan berhadapan secara langsung dengan objek penelitian.

Adati Mopobuka merupakan salah satu tradisi atau kebiasan yang sudah turun temurun dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat di Kec. Bone sejak lama.

Prosesi pelaksanaan adati mopobuka berawal dari seorang laki-laki yang melangsungkan pelamaran di bulan Ramadan atau melangkahi bulan Ramadan. Dimana pada saat bulan Ramadan laki-laki tersebut meminta atau momutu (memutus) tanggung jawab kepada orang tua atau keluarga perempuan dengan mengantarkan kebutuhan perempuan yang sudah dilamarnya berupa kebutuhan sahur, buka puasa dan kebutuhan pakaian sampai pada kebutuhan lebaran. Pada proses ini bisa dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan utolia (pemangku adat) bisa juga dilaksanakan hanya kedua bela pihak dari laki-laki dan perempuan yang sudah melangsungkan pelamaran. Pada pelaksanaan pengantaran kebutuhan atau mopobuka tidak semata-mata permintaan perempuan tetapi memperhatikan kesanggupan dari pihak laki-laki.

Dilihat dari segi objeknya, pelaksanaan adati mopobuka masuk dalam al-urf al-amali, adalah kebiasaan yang berupa perbuatan biasa atau muamalat keperdataan yang sudah dikenal dalam masyarakat. Sementara dilihat dari segi cakupan ruanglingkup Adat mopobuka termasuk dalam al-urf al-khas, adalah urf yang hanya berlaku atau hanya dikenal disuatu tempat saja sedangkan di tempat lain tidak berlaku. Dalam hal ini merupakan tradisi bagi masyarakat di Kecamatan Bone. Semenatara dari segi keabsahannya dari pandangan syara’ pelaksanaan adat mopobuka termasuk kedalam al-urf al-shahih, yakni kebiasaan yang berlaku dimasyarakat yang tidak bertentangan dengan nash (al-Quran dan al-sunnah), tidak menghallalkan yang haram dan tidak menggugurkan kewajiban, tidak menghilangkan kemaslahatan, dan tidak pula membawa mudarat kepada masyarakat. Misalnya memberi hadiah berupa pakaian, perhiasan sekedarnya pada perempuan yang telah di pinang.
Pembagian Waris Masyarakat Adat Bima Perspektif Munawir Sjadzali
Authors: Darmawan Yadi , Haris Abdul
Published: December 2023

Setiap daerah di Indonesia memiliki caranya masing-masing dalam pelaksaan pembagian waris dikarenakan Indonesia adalah negara yang beragam suku, budaya. Dalam ketentuan Allah mengenai warisan sudah jelas disebutkan dalam Surat An-Nisa‟ ayat 11 bahwa anak laki-laki adalah dua kali lebih besar daripada anak perempuan. Masyarakat Desa Tumpu Kecamatan Bolo Kabupaten dalam pembagian warisan masih menggunakan sistem hukum adat yaitu dengan cara mbolo radampa untuk mencapai pembagian waris yang seimbang antara anak laki-laki dan perempuan dengan asas kemanfaatan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian empiris. Peneliti memaparkan pembagian warisan di Desa Tumpu Kecamatan Bolo Kabupaten Bima, dan menjadikan tokoh agama, budayawan dan juga masyarakat sebagai sumber data primer. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam skripsi ini dengan cara wawancara. Data yang telah dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisa dan ditarik kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pertama: masyarakat Desa Tumpu Kecamatan Bolo Kabupaten Bima melakukan pembagian waris dengan cara Mboloradampa atau musyawarah Mufakat untuk mencapai kesepakat bersama. Dengan cara mbolo radampa, mengacu pada asas kemanfaatan pembagian bisa menghasilkan 2:1 seperti dalam Al-Qur‟an bahasa Bima: Salemba: Sancuu’ Salemba artinya sepikul, yaitu 2 (dua) bagian untuk anak laki-laki, dan Sancuu’ artinya sejinjing, yaitu 1 (satu) bagian untuk anak perempuan, dan yang kedua 1:1 Bahasa Bima: sancuu, sancuu. Sancuu, artinya sejinjing, yaitu 1(satu) bagian untuk anak laki-laki dan 1(satu) bagian pula untuk anak perempuan berdasarkan mboloradampa. kedua: pembagian warisan Munawir Sjadzali dengan pembagian waris masyarakat Desa Tumpu memiliki kesamaan dan perbedaan. Persamaanya yaitu sama-sama menghsilkan 1:1 sedangkan perbedaan terletak pada asas kemanfaatan dan asas keadilan distributif antara anak laki-laki dan perempuan.

 

Waris; Adat; Munawir;Sjadzali.
Pembaruan Hukum Keluarga Dalam Putusan Pengadilan Agama
Authors: Abdulah Pakarti Muhammad Husni
Published: December 2023

Pembaharuan hukum keluarga dalam putusan pengadilan agama merupakan fenomena yang terjadi dalam sistem peradilan keluarga di berbagai negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan terkini dalam pembaruan hukum keluarga dan dampaknya terhadap putusan pengadilan agama. Melalui metode pendekatan penelitian hukum normatif, penelitian ini mengkaji berbagai aspek perubahan hukum keluarga yang telah terjadi dalam beberapa tahun terakhir dan bagaimana hal tersebut mempengaruhi proses pengadilan agama. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi beberapa isu utama yang menjadi fokus dalam pembaruan hukum keluarga. Pertama, pengakuan terhadap hak-hak individu dan kesetaraan gender dalam konteks pernikahan dan perceraian. Perkembangan hukum keluarga menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kesadaran akan perlunya perlindungan terhadap hak-hak individu yang terlibat dalam proses peradilan keluarga, termasuk hak-hak perempuan. Ini tercermin dalam putusan pengadilan agama yang semakin memperhatikan prinsip-prinsip kesetaraan gender dan keadilan dalam penyelesaian perkara keluarga. Kedua, penyesuaian hukum keluarga dengan perkembangan sosial dan budaya. Masyarakat yang terus berubah membutuhkan regulasi hukum yang mampu menanggapi kebutuhan dan tuntutan baru dalam konteks keluarga. Oleh karena itu, pembaruan hukum keluarga berupaya mengakomodasi perubahan sosial dan budaya, seperti pengakuan terhadap pernikahan sejenis, perlindungan hak anak dalam kasus perceraian, dan pengaturan hak-hak keluarga dalam konteks keluarga maju. Ketiga, penggunaan teknologi dan digitalisasi dalam proses pengadilan agama. Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi telah mengubah cara kita berinteraksi dan mempengaruhi berbagai aspek kehidupan termasuk sistem peradilan keluarga. Pembaruan hukum keluarga harus mampu mengikuti perkembangan teknologi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan transparansi dalam proses pengadilan agama. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan pembaruan hukum keluarga juga mempengaruhi putusan pengadilan agama. Pengadilan agama harus mampu mengadaptasi perubahan hukum keluarga dan memastikan bahwa putusan yang dihasilkan sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip hukum yang baru. Hal ini membutuhkan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang pembaruan hukum keluarga dan kemampuan untuk menerapkannya secara konsisten dalam praktik pengadilan.
Pandangan Jabatan Agama Islam Sarawak Terhadap Isteri Murtad Akibat Kekerasan Rumah Tangga Di Kapit, Sarawak
Authors: Bt Asrul Nawwar Azura
Published: December 2023

Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga adalah setiap perbuatan terhadap seseorang terutama perempuan, yang menimbulkan kesengsaraan atau penderitaan secara fisik, seksual, dan psikologis. Di Kapit, Sarawak terdapat beberapa kasus cerai yang dikarenakan kekerasan rumah tangga, bahkan sehingga ada beberapa mengambil keputusan untuk murtad dan kembali kepada agama asalnya. Tujuannya mendiskripsikan pandangan dan bentuk penanganan Jabatan Agama Islam Sarawak (JAIS) tentang isteri murtad akibat kekerasan rumah tangga. Kekerasan terjadi oleh banyak hal, seperti pemarah, penggunaan zat terlarang (seperti alkohol atau narkotika), ketidaktahuan agama, atau budaya baru yang membuat hidup tidak nyama. Cara Pejabat Agama Islam untuk menangani perempuan yang murtad akibat kekerasan dalam rumah tangga menawarkan konseling pranikah. Calon pengantin akan banyak belajar tentang munakahat, tata cara, dan etika setelah menikah, serta tentang hak dan kewajiban suami istri. Kata Kunci: Jabatan Agama Islam, Isteri Murtad, Kekerasan Rumah Tangga
Pertimbangan Hakim Terhadap Penetapan Wali Adhal Bagi Anak Perempuan yang Berbeda Agama Dengan Ayah Kandung
Authors: Salsabillah Metana Sinare , Mustafa Ahsin Dinal
Published: December 2023

Putusan Pengadilan Agama No. 65/Pdt.P/2019/PA.Dps merupakan kasus tentang seorang anak perempuan muallaf  yang mengajukan permohonan wali nikah dikarenakan wali dari anak perempuan (ayah kandungnya) beragama Hindu. Dalam permohonannya, anak perempuan tersebut mengajukan wali adhal, yang mana hal tersebut kemudian dikabulkan oleh Majelis Hakim Pengadilan Agama Denpasar melalui beberapa pertimbangan.  Penelitian ini terfokus pada wali adhal beda agama. Adapun tujuan pokok penelitian ini adalah Pertama, untuk mendeskripsikan kronologi perkara pada putusan Pengadilan Agama Denpasar No.65/Pdt.P/2019/PA.Dps dalam persidangan. Kedua, untuk mengetahui pertimbangan hakim dalam penetapan wali adhal bagi anak perempuan yang berbeda agama dengan ayah kandungnya. Metode Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Berlokasi di kota Denpasar tepatnya di Pengadilan Agama Denpasar. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dari wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa; 1). Kronologi dalam persidangan menemukan fakta jika pemohon dan calon suami pemohon adalah seorang muallaf yang telah menikah secara agama dan dikaruniai seorang buah hati. Namun, pernikahan tersebut tidak dapat diisbatkan dikarenakan tidak memenuhi syariat. Pada proses pernikahannyapun mengalami kendala berupa surat penolakan perkawinan dari PPN karna tidak memenuhi persyaratan administratif, hal tersebut yang kemudian membuat pemohon mengajukan permohonan. 2). Pertimbangan hakim yang digunakan dalam menetapkan perkara No.65/Pdt.P/2019/PA.Dps dengan beberapa faktor diantaranya pertimbangan hukum berdasarkan fakta dan konstitusi hal ini diperoleh dari hal hal yang terungkap dalam persidangan, pertimbangan berdasarkan non hukum dan subjektif yang dilihat dari kesiapan pemohon baik fisik dan mental, yang terakhir pertimbangan hukum berdasarkan diskresi hakim dengan mengutip beberapa pendapat pakar hukum atau hadis hadis yang dirasa relevan dengan kasus yang terjadi.
Tinjauan Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif Terhadap Pandangan Tokoh Masyarakat tentang Pernikahan Dini
Authors: Mu'arif Mohammad Wildan , Suwardinata Amiliya , Maharani Alviah Camilla , Safitri Eka , Al Af Ghoni Achmad Solakhuddin , Luthfy Riza Multazam
Published: December 2023

Dalam perkawinan, calon suami dan istri harus telah siap jiwa raganya, mempersiapkan fisik dan mentalnya sehingga perkawinan dapat terwujud dengan sakinah, mawaddah, warahmah tanpa adanya perceraian. Ukuran tingkat kedewasaan seseorang dalam pernikahan diimplementasikan sebagai batasan umur seseorang, yang harus dipenuhi sebagai syarat seseorang melakukan perkawinan tersebut. Meskipun telah ada regulasi yang mengatur terkait batasan umur tersebut, tidak sedikit juga terjadi penyimpangan dengan berupa pernikahan dibawah umur dengan berbagai macam alasan. Pola pikir masyarakat terhadap pernikahan dini menjadikan penyimpangan tersebut sering terjadi di daerah Kecamatan Kejayan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah metode observasi, wawancara dan studi pustaka. Dengan mengambil data primer berupa sampel pertanyaan dari tokoh masyarakat di Kecamatan Kejayan seperti; Kepala KUA Kejayan, bapak modin, ditambah dengan kepustakaan sebagai data sekunder sehingga dapat diketahui beberapa tinjauan terkait pernikahan dini, khususnya di daerah Kecamatan Kejayan. Implikasi dari tulisan ini, yaitu para Hakim di Pengadilan Agama diharapkan memperketat sesuai SOP terkait permohonan pernikahan dini, sehingga regulasi perkawinan bagi para calon suami atau istri yang ingin menikah dini tidak dianggap sepele, terkait persyaratan dalam permasalahan pernikahan dini.
Problematika Pencantuman Status Perkawinan yang Belum Tercatat Dalam Kartu Keluarga Perspektif Maslahah
Authors: Syarif Mas Abdullah , Saiban Kasuwi , Yasin Noer
Published: December 2023

Tulisan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh munculnya kebijakan pencantuman status perkawinan kawin belum tercatat dalam Kartu Keluarga (KK) yang tentunya menjadi pro kontra dikalangan masyarakat dan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan konsep maslahah Memang merupakan fenomena yang terjadi di Indonesia yang dimuat dalam PERMENDAGRI nomor 109 tahun 2019. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Jenis penelitian yang akan digunakan ini adalah penelitian (library research) yang bersifat kepustakaan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang menghadirkan data deskriptif beberapa kata tulisan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa adanya aturan yang memperbolehkan pencantuman status perkawinan kawin belum tercatat dalam KK memberikan perbedaan pendapat tentu dilatar belakangi pada sudut pandang dalam menentukan sebuah kemaslahatan. Pendapat setuju (pro) memandang bahwa kebijakan tersebut tidak bertentangan dengan nash syara’ karena pencatatan nikah hanyalah perbuatan administratif saja bukan terkait keabsahan nikah yang terletak pada terpenuhinya rukun dan syara’, mengandung kemaslahatan karena merupakan upaya pemerintah untuk mengarahkan masyarakat pada sebuah kebaikan, dan juga termasuk maslahah hajiyah karena memang harus dilakukan oleh pemerintah guna kebaikan warganya dengan tidak menyalahi hukum agama serta peraturan-peraturan yang berlaku serta menghindari efek negatif yang mungkin timbul. Sedangkan disatu sisi pendapat yang kontra memiliki alasan tersendiri.
Being A Child Born After Loss: A Qualitative Research
Authors: BORO Fazilet Neslişah , UYGUN Ersin , DİKEÇ Gül
Published: December 2023

The loss of a child is one of the most traumatic experiences a person can go through. Parents who have suffered the loss of a child may bring another child into the world after or before completing the grieving process. Children born after the loss are referred to as subsequent children. The reality of loss and the attitudes of the bereaved parent affect the identity and mental state of the child born after loss. This study used the qualitative research method to understand the life experiences of children born after loss in depth. In line with the determined research method, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with ten participants born after loss. The data obtained in the study were analyzed by thematic analysis. As a result of the thematic analysis, the main themes of "about the lost child", "the effect of being born after loss on life", "being a child born after loss", and "grief" were determined. The main theme "about the lost child" included information about the deceased sibling, objects and photographs, the cause and manner of death, images and fantasies about the sibling, emotions, and contact needs. Under the main theme of "the impact of being born after the loss of life", both the identity and psychological development of individuals, the impact on their career choices and their parents' attitudes were found. Under the main theme, "being a child born after loss", participants talked about being a scapegoat, a comforting child, or a gifted child. In the last main theme, "grief", participants gave information about their parents' grief, their grief, and their experiences of coping with this grief. It has been shown that coming into the world after loss affects individuals' identity, mental state, and choice of profession, and they may face negative parental attitudes. It may be recommended to monitor the grief processes of parents with child loss and to guide the planning of new children.
Eldeş (Ilgın/Konya) ve Çevresinin Etnobotanik Özellikleri
Authors: Demirelma Hakkı , Ersoy Depreli Deniz
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışma 2019-2020 yılları arasında Konya İli Ilgın İlçesine bağlı Eldeş ve çevresinde yetişen bitki türlerinin etnobotanik özelliklerini tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Eldeş, Grid kareleme sistemine göre B3 karesinde yer almaktadır. Çalışma alanından toplanan bitkilerin yerel isimlerinin, kullanım alanlarının belirlenmesi için yörede yaşayan 143 kişiyle (67’si erkek, 76’sı kadın) görüşülmüştür. Araştırma alanındaki bitkilerden toplamda 42 familyaya ait 129 taksondan 76 takson gıda, 91 takson tıbbi, 27 takson hayvan yemi, 20 takson eşya, 16 takson süs bitkisi, 20 takson yakacak, 3 takson boya bitkisi, 9 takson çay, 3 takson baharat ve 6 takson yağ olarak kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışma alanından 9 endemik takson tespit edilmiştir.
Donde anida la noche/Canción lejana
Authors: Ávila Alexander Ricardo
Published: December 2023

Dos poemas
El agua y las noches: Álvaro Solís
Authors: Hidalgo Audomaro
Published: December 2023

Trayecto y destino del poeta Álvaro Solís.
Állatfaj-visszatelepítési programok áttekintése nemzetközi és hazai perspektívából
Authors: Bajomi Bálint , Óhegyi Erzsébet , Olajos Tímea , Takács-Sánta András
Published: December 2023

Igyekeztünk minél teljesebben összegyűjteni az állatfaj-visszatelepítési programok nemzetközi szakirodalmát; a magyar programokat közelebbről is megvizsgáltuk. Adatbázisunkba 8508, 1891 és 2015 közötti anyag bibliográfiai adatait gyűjtöttük össze. Az irodalom mennyisége exponenciális növekedést, majd telítődés utáni fluktuációt mutat. 27 megvalósult magyarországi visszatelepítési programról van tudomásunk. Kimutattuk, hogy az IUCN-útmutató ajánlásainak követése szignifikánsan növeli a program sikerének esélyét. Nemzetközi szinten a projektek éves költségei az elhanyagolható összegtől a 2 millió USA dollárig terjednek. Szignifikáns rendszertani torzulást tapasztaltunk: mind a nemzetközi szakirodalomban, mind a hazai programok között a gerinctelenek kisebb, a madarak és emlősök nagyobb súllyal vannak jelen, mint azt a biodiverzitásban megfigyelhető arányaik indokolnák.
Students’ perception of instructors and burnout levels in chilean dental students
Authors: Cartes-Velásquez Ricardo , Cárdenas Retamal Javiera , Campos Valeria
Published: December 2023

The educational environment affects dental students’ well-being and academic achievement, with unclear impact from clinical instructors on burnout levels. This study is aimed to determine the impact of students’ perception about their clinical instructors in its burnout levels in a sample of Chilean dental students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among fourth and fifth-year dental students at the University of Concepción (Chile), collecting data on various variables including demographics, effective teaching hours, instructor treatment, knowledge delivery, student appreciation, and burnout assessed using Maslach’s Burnout Inventory (MBI). Data were gathered through a self-administered survey and analyzed using STATA  10/SE software (p<0.05). Results: One-hundred and seventy students participated, high levels of emotional exhaustion  (51.76%), depersonalization (56.47%), and personal accomplishment (60.59%) were found. Female students (p=0.0008), those who perceive inadequate treatment from instructors towards patients (p=0.0496), and those who rate the instructor as obstructionist (p=0.0208) reported higher levels of emotional exhaustion. 5th year students (p=0.0142), students who perceive indifferent treatment from instructors towards students (p=0.0002), and those who rate the instructor as obstructionist (p=0.0026) exhibited higher levels of depersonalization. 4th year students (p=0.0475) and those who perceive indifferent treatment from instructors towards students (p=0.0221) showed lower levels of personal accomplishment. There was a correlation between depersonalization and effective teaching hours (rho=-0.2166, p=0.0046). Conclusion: Students’ perception about their clinical instructors as indifferent towards the students, obstructionist in the teaching process, with inadequate treatment towards the patients, and less effective teaching hours is associated with higher students’ burnout levels.
Multi-Vectoral Approach as the Key Model of Central Asian Countries' Foreign Policy
Authors: Pritchin S.
Published: December 2023

In the context of the conflict in Ukraine and the aggravation of relations between Russia-West and China-West, Central Asia as a strategically important region has acquired additional value in the geopolitical projects of major world players. Recently, we have seen the activation of projects in almost all major countries with global and regional ambitions. China, the USA, the EU and Germany held their summits in the “Central Asia Plus” format in 2023. Central Asian countries use this interest to their maximum advantage. Traditionally, multi-vector is the main foreign policy line prescribed in the official doctrines and strategies of the Central Asian countries. The bet on diversified contacts in the international arena without prioritizing the vector of developing relations with only external player is officially explained by the political elites by the need to maintain equidistance from the main world centers of power in order to obtain investments, technologies, access to markets, and security guarantees. The article explores the impact of four key external players for the region in four important areas of cooperation: the Russian Federation, China, the West and Turkey. Comparing the tasks and challenges facing the states with the opportunities that the multi-vector strategy brings them in reality gives grounds to assert that the multi-vector model looks like an attempt to create a constructivist narrative that is used by the authorities to balance and maneuver between the main centers of power in order to obtain benefits and privileges. An analysis of the assessments of each of the major players in the selected industries shows that, according to the totality of assessments, Russia is the most important partner for the Central Asian countries in terms of the degree of influence and in promoting stability and development of regional states. The second important country is China. The West and Turkey are noticeably inferior to their competitors in terms of their capabilities and influence in the region.
“Proud Hindu”: The Transformation of the Image of Rishi Sunak in Indian Media
Authors: Shchedrov I.
Published: December 2023

This article deals with the issue of the transformation of the image of British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak in the largest Indian media. In order to determine the dynamics of the development of key narratives associated with his name, the author used discursive-historical approach based on a corpus of 2855 headlines since January till December 2022 collected in ten English and three Hindi language media-sources. The articles were chronologically divided by month of the publication and then were split into two categories: a) before the election b) after the election. Moreover, the publications were assigned to seven thematic groups. The transformation of the narratives within these groups was analyzed with special emphasis on the context and frequency of word use. The analysis of intertextual connections made it possible to identify key international political issues related to the Prime Minister, which are of interest to the Indian public. The topic of Prime-Minister’s Indian origin, much spoken about in October, has changed significantly and was mostly illuminated during several active political struggles for the post of Prime Minister. If at the beginning of the year he was perceived as one in the list of politicians with Indian roots, then in October he was called the “pride of the nation” and “a gift to the Indians on Diwali”. Notably, amid the increased role in Britain’s political game this topic was followed by the topic of his religious affiliation – the phrase “hindu PM” has become widely used since July. The Hindi-language media, characteristically, paid more attention to this issue than the English-language media. Apparently, the appeal to the Indian origin could cause inflated expectations regarding the strengthening of relations between India and the UK, however, the expert community takes a reserved position on this issue and acts as a source of counter-discursive narratives. Finally, the analysis showed that issues of British domestic politics get a lot of attention from Indian public at large. In this particular case, they triggered vigorous political debates about minority rights issues.
Epigénétique, gènes et environnement : quelle importance pour les pratiques d’élevage et les méthodes de sélection des volailles ?
Authors: COUSTHAM Vincent , ANDRIEUX Charlotte , CERUTTI Chloé , COLLIN Anne , DAVID Ingrid , DEMARS Julie , DEVAILLY Guillaume , MORISSON Mireille , HOUSSIER Marianne , LAGARRIGUE Sandrine , MÉTAYER-COUSTARD Sonia , MIGNON-GRASTEAU Sandrine , PANSERAT Stéphane , PETIT Angélique , VITORINO CARVALHO Anaïs , ZERJAL Tatiana , PITEL Frédérique
Published: December 2023

L'épigénétique est communément définie comme l’étude de l'ensemble des mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la régulation de l’expression des gènes qui sont réversibles et transmissibles au cours du développement et parfois entre générations, sans altérer la séquence de l'ADN. Plusieurs mécanismes épigénétiques sont maintenant bien connus, comme la méthylation de l'ADN, les variants et modifications post-traductionnelles des histones, ainsi que certains ARN non codants. Grâce au développement technologique du séquençage tout-génome, ces « marques » épigénétiques peuvent être étudiées à l'échelle du génome entier. Il est aujourd’hui clairement établi que l’épigénome, c'est-à-dire l'ensemble des marques épigénétiques d'un tissu, est sensible aux fluctuations de l’environnement, notamment la température ou l’alimentation. Des stratégies de programmation précoce des phénotypes reposant sur ces mécanismes épigénétiques sont ainsi envisagées comme levier pour adapter le phénotype ultérieur des individus à leurs conditions de vie. Par ailleurs, au cours des dernières décennies, la sélection génétique a contribué à l’amélioration considérable des performances des animaux. Bien que la composante génétique puisse être estimée avec précision, une grande partie de la variabilité phénotypique n'est pas directement accessible par les approches actuelles. Dans un contexte de diversification des environnements de production (changement climatique, modes de production plus respectueux du bien-être et de l'environnement), il est nécessaire de comprendre l'impact de l'environnement sur la variabilité phénotypique via les marques épigénétiques, pour optimiser les systèmes d'élevage et mieux prédire le phénotype d'un animal. Comme la sélection génomique il y a quelques années, l'apport de la recherche en épigénétique pourrait contribuer à rendre les systèmes de production avicole plus efficaces et plus durables.
ANÁLISE DA EVOLUÇÃO DA REDE URBANA DA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Mesquita João Junio Franco , Lima Marcos Castro de
Published: December 2023

Este estudo visa levantar discussões a respeito da formação da rede urbana na Amazônia, seu processo de construção e estruturação a partir do período colonial, uma análise do seu padrão dendrítico, do processo de metropolização e dos principais desafios que o processo de urbanização tem enfrentado na região, face às particularidades ambientais que a floresta amazônica e toda sua biodiversidade exercem no meio. Para isso, entender os conceitos de cidade e urbano se faz necessário para que se possa compreender a dinâmica que a urbanização na região tem enfrentado. É evidente que a Amazônia esteja nas últimas décadas vivenciando um processo de urbanização mais intenso e sua complexidade e logística faz desta uma rede urbana bastante peculiar, ora interligada aos regimes ambientais existentes, ora acelerando sua degradação em nome de um desenvolvimento ligado à industrialização clássica, já vivenciado tanto em outras redes urbanas do território brasileiro quanto em outras partes do mundo.
Genome-Wide Association Analysis Unravels New QTLs for Eight Lodging Resistance Constituent Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Ognigamal Sowadan , XU Shan Bin , Li Yu Long , Muleke Everlyne mmbone , Sitoe Hélder Manuel , Dang Xiao jing , Jiang Jian hua , Dong Hui , Hong Delin
Published: December 2023

Lodging poses a significant challenge to rice yield, prompting the need to identify elite alleles for lodging resistance traits to improve cultivated rice varieties. In this study, a natural population of 518 rice accessions was examined to identify elite alleles associated with plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), stem anti-thrust (AT/S), and various internode lengths: (first (FirINL), second (SecINL), third (ThirINL), fourth (ForINL), and fifth (FifINL) internode lengths). 262 SSR markers linked to these traits were uncovered through association mapping in two environmental conditions. Phenotypic evaluations revealed striking differences among cultivars, and genetic diversity assessments showed polymorphisms across the accessions. Favorable alleles were identified for PH, SD, AT/S, and 1 to 5 internode lengths, with specific alleles displaying considerable effects. Noteworthy alleles include RM6811-160 bp on chromosome 6 (which reduces PH) and RM161-145 bp on chromosome 5 (which increases SD). The study identified a total of 42 novel QTLs. Specifically, seven QTLs were identified for PH, four for SD, five for AT/S, five for FirINL, six for SecINL, five for ThirINL, six for ForINL, and four for FifINL. QTLs qAT/S-2, qPH2.1, qForINL2.1, and qFifINL exhibited the most significant phenotypic variance (PVE) of 3.99% for the stem lodging trait. AT/S, PH, ForINL and FifINL had additive effects of 5.31 kPa, 5.42 cm, 4.27cm and 4.27cm, respectively, offering insights into eight distinct cross-combinations for enhancing each trait. This research suggests the potential for cross-breeding superior parents based on stacked alleles, promising improved rice cultivars with enhanced lodging resistance to meet market demands.
The Impact of Virtual Private Network (VPN) on Nigerians during the 2021 Twitter Ban: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: AJETUNMOBI Oyinbolaji
Published: December 2023

This cross-sectional study investigates the impact of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) on Nigerians during the 2021 Twitter ban, prompted by the Nigerian government's suspension of Twitter operations following the deletion of a tweet by the President. The study aims to analyze the frequency and awareness of VPN and Twitter usage among Nigerians during the ban, addressing specific objectives. Employing a survey research method, data was collected from 400 respondents through online and offline questionnaires. Descriptive statistical tools were used for data analysis, revealing significant findings. Results indicate a substantial decrease in Twitter usage during the ban, with IPVanish emerging as the preferred VPN brand. The study also highlights an increase in VPN awareness post-ban, emphasizing the need for educational initiatives. The demographic analysis reveals a dominant age group of 21 to 25 among social media users. Overall, the research underscores the complex interplay between social media dynamics, VPN adoption, and demographic factors, emphasizing the importance of nuanced regulatory approaches and ongoing user education in Nigeria's online landscape.
Changes in Cortisol and in Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress Indicators after ADHD Treatment
Authors: Garre-Morata Laura , Haro Tomás de , Villén Raquel González , Fernández-López María Luisa , Escames Germaine , Molina-Carballo Antonio , Acuña-Castroviejo Darío
Published: December 2023

ADHD, one of the most prevalent diseases during childhood, we still do not know its precisely origin, although oxidative/nitrosative stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are suggested contributors. Methylphenidate, among others, is the main drug used in these patients, but its effects on relevant markers and structures remain unclear. This study, involving 59 patients diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-5 criteria, aimed to assess changes in cortisol levels (using cortisol awakening response, CAR) and oxidative/nitrosative status with the treatment. Blood samples before and 3 months after treatment with methylphenidate were used to measure oxidative and inflammatory markers, and the endogenous antioxidant activity, while saliva samples tracked cortisol awakening response (CAR). The results show a treatment-related improvement in the redox profile, with the reduction of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) levels, and the increase of the enzymatic activities of glutathione reductase (GRd) and catalase (CAT). Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) of CAR increased significantly, indicating increased reactivity of the HPA axis. These result support by the first time the involvement of the endogenous antioxidant system in the pathophysiology of ADHD.
A Comprehensive Review on Deep Eutectic Solvents and Its Use to Extract Bioactive Compounds of Pharmaceutical Interest
Authors: Ferreira Cátia , Sarraguça And Mafalda
Published: December 2023

The pharmaceutical industry is one of the largest pollutants and generator of toxic solvent resi-dues for the environment and human beings. In the last decade, there has been a huge evolution in the design and development of new environmentally friendly products and processes, in re-sponse to the global environmental concern and the growing demand for products with quality ingredients and manufacturing processes aimed at achieving sustainability. Consumers are looking for products with the benefits of natural products, with sustainable and environmentally friendly formulations with few synthetic molecules as possible. Thus, based on the origins of the pharmaceutical industry, it is important to return to Nature and enjoy the benefits that natural products bring to us. Deep eutectic solvents appear as an alternative to toxic solvents commonly used to extract bioactive compounds. These solvents are considered green solvents because they are made up of natural compounds such as sugars, amino acids, and carboxylic acids. In addition, they are simple to prepare, with an atomic economy of 100%, with attractive physicochemical properties. This paper is a comprehensive review in which is described the main properties, characteristics, and production methods of deep eutectic solvents as well as its application to extract from natural sources bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical interest.
Investigation of polyelectrolyte multilayers deposited on biodegradable corona charged substrates used as drug delivery systems
Authors: Viraneva Asya , Marudova Maria , Milenkova Sofia , Grigorov Aleksandar , Yovcheva Temenuzhka
Published: December 2023

Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) deposited on porous composite polylactic acid/poly(ε-caprolactone) substrates were studied. The substrates were previously charged in a corona discharge. Time dependences of the normalized surface potential for positively and negatively charged electrets were investigated. The morphology of the obtained porous substrates was examined by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chitosan and the casein polyelectrolytes were deposited on the substrates using the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. A drug loading efficiency and the release kinetics were determined spectrophotometrically.
Superconductivity in Nb: From the Impact of Temperature, Cooper-Pairing to Dimensionality
Authors: Aceves Rodriguez Uriel A. , Guimaraes Filipe S. M. , Lounis Samir
Published: December 2023

The ability to simulate realistically the electronic structure of superconducting materials is important to understand and predict various properties emerging in both the superconducting topological and spintronics realms. We introduce a tight-binding implementation of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes method, parameterized from density functional theory, which we utilize to explore the bulk and thin films of Nb, known to host a significant superconducting gap. The latter is useful for various applications such as the exploration of trivial and topological in-gap states. Here, we focus on the simulations aspects of superconductivity and study the impact of temperature, Cooper-pair coupling and dimensionality on the size of the superconducting order parameter.
Understanding the Cricket Bat Buying Behaviour: Exploring Elaboration Likelihood Model and Digital Engagement.
Authors: Roy Gourav
Published: December 2023

Extending from the current Elaboration likelihood model scholarship, this article proposes a framework for applying ELM to cricket bat purchase. Professional cricketers or fans require comprehensive and adequate pieces of information about cricket bat through the Internet. Buyers simultaneously encourage internet reviews for product impressions, and they experience meaningful associations. ELM and the Internet exemplify the cricket bat buying process by engaging buyers with product specification and create a meaningful relationship between buyers and sellers. At the same time, buyers feel empowered to choose a product of their choice. Describing the Elaboration likelihood model, we have facilitated an approach for cricket bats buying. This article has explored how ELM through the Internet can encourage buyers to be informative about cricket bats while silencing retailers' voices and visions into a unique buyer-seller relationship.
Fast Digital Orthophoto Generation: A Comparative Study of Explicit and Implicit Methods
Authors: Lv Jianlin , Jiang Guang , Ding Wei , Zhao Zhihao
Published: December 2023

The digital orthophoto is an image with geometric accuracy and no distortion. It is acquired through a top view of the scene and finds widespread applications in map creation, planning, and related fields.This paper classifies the algorithms for digital orthophoto generation into two groups: explicit methods and implicit methods. Explicit methods rely on traditional geometric methods, obtaining geometric structure presented by explicit parameters with Multi-View Stereo (MVS) theories, as seen in our proposed Top view constrained Dense Matching (TDM). Implicit methods rely on neural rendering, obtaining implicit neural representation of scenes through the training of neural networks, as exemplified by Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF). Both of them obtain digital orthophoto by rendering from a top view perspective. In addition, this paper conducts an in-depth comparative study between explicit and implicit methods. The experiments demonstrate that both algorithms meet the measurement accuracy requirements and exhibit a similar level of quality in terms of generated results. Importantly, the explicit method shows a significant advantage in terms of efficiency, with a time consumption reduction of two orders of magnitude under our latest CUDA version TDM algorithm. Although explicit and implicit methods differ significantly in their representation forms, they share commonalities in the implementation across algorithmic stages. These findings highlight the potential advantages of explicit methods in orthophoto generation, while also providing beneficial references and practical guidance for the fast digital orthophoto generation using implicit methods.
Crafting Genetic Diversity: Unlocking the Potential of Protein Evolution
Authors: Gali Vamsi Krishna , Tee Kang  Lan , Wong Tuck Seng
Published: December 2023

Genetic diversity is the foundation of evolutionary resilience, adaptive potential, and the flourishing vitality of living organisms, serving as the cornerstone for robust ecosystems and the continuous evolution of life on Earth. The landscape of directed evolution, a powerful biotechnological tool inspired by natural evolutionary processes, has undergone a transformative shift propelled by innovative strategies for generating genetic diversity. This shift is fuelled by several factors, encompassing the utilization of advanced toolkits like CRISPR-Cas and base editors, enhanced comprehension of biological mechanisms, cost-effective custom oligo pool synthesis, and the seamless integration of artificial intelligence and automation. This comprehensive review looks into the myriad methodologies employed for constructing gene libraries, both in vitro and in vivo, categorized into three major classes: random mutagenesis, focused mutagenesis, and DNA recombination. The objectives of this review are threefold: firstly, to present a panoramic overview of recent advances in genetic diversity creation, secondly, to inspire novel ideas for further innovation in the genetic diversity generation, and thirdly, to provide a valuable resource for individuals entering the field of directed evolution.
Refractory Electrical Storm after Acute Myocardial Infarction: The Role of Temporary Ventricular Overdrive Pacing as a Bridge to ICD Implantation
Authors: Meter Mijo , Borovac Josip Andelo
Published: December 2023

Electrical storm (ES) is defined as the presence of at least three episodes of sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation within 24 hours. This patient had a previously known arterial hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease and has presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with symptoms of retrosternal chest pain lasting for several hours prior. The initial 12-lead electrocardiogram revealed ST segment elevation in the anterior leads (V1-V6). Emergent coronary angiography revealed an acute occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending artery (pLAD) and percutaneous coronary intervention was performed with successful implantation of one drug-eluting stent in the pLAD. On the day 8 of hospitalization, patient developed a refractory ES for which he received 50 DC shocks and did not respond to multiple lines of antiarrhythmic medications. Due to a failure of medical therapy, we decided to implant a temporary pacemaker and initiate ventricular overdrive pacing (VOP) that was successful in terminating ES. Following electrical stabilization, the patient underwent a successful ICD implantation. This case demonstrates that VOP can contribute to hemodynamic and electrical stabilization of a patient that suffers from refractory ES and this treatment modality might serve as a temporary bridge to ICD implantation.
Cardiomyocyte Differentiation from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells by WNT Switch Method
Authors: Mensah Isaiah K , Emerson Martin L , Tan Hern J , Gowher Humaira
Published: December 2023

The differentiation of ESCs into cardiomyocytes in vitro is an excellent and reliable model system for studying normal cardiomyocyte development in mammals, modeling cardiac diseases, and for use in drug screening. Mouse ESC differentiation still provides relevant biological information about cardiac development. However, the current methods for efficiently differentiating ESCs into cardiomyocytes are limiting. Here, we describe a “WNT Switch” method to efficiently commit mouse ESCs into cardiomyocytes using the small molecule WNT signaling modulators CHIR99021 and XAV939 in vitro. This method significantly improves the yield of beating cardiomyocytes, reduces number of treatments, and is less laborious.