bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two Types of Ritual Space at the Poverty Point Site 16WC5
Authors: Clay R. Berle
Published: May 2023

Two types of features at the Late Archaic period Poverty Point site in Louisiana—large timber post circles and repetitively used activity surfaces later covered by mounding—are examined as spaces that were the products of historical event sequences involving their construction, their entwined but differing ritual uses, and their final deconstruction or removal. This approach is a particularizing, historicizing way of approaching the features of this monumental hunter-gatherer site, an alternative to a more generalizing view in which its totality as a site or “place” is seen as the interrelated product of many historical acts over time or as a mosaic of historically created and used “spaces.” Analysis of these feature types suggests that spaces of ritual activity in the larger site were used differently, involving different types of events and serving different functions in a developing, perhaps shifting, larger ritual landscape.
Establishing the normative and comparative needs of assistive technology provision in Queensland from the agency and funding scheme perspective
Authors: Hogan Christy , Gustafsson Louise , Di Tommaso Amelia , Hodson Tenelle , Bissett Michelle , Shirota Camila
Published: May 2023

Background and Aims:

Assistive technology services and devices support the participation and inclusion of people living with disability. In Australia, the regulatory bodies, agencies and schemes that manage assistive technology provision are governed by national and / or state-based Acts and Legislation. This study examined the assistive technology sector from the perspective of the regulatory bodies, agencies and schemes.

Design and Methods:

Regulatory bodies, agencies and schemes that manage funding for assistive technology in Australia were identified by the research team. A website audit reviewed publicly available documents and information. Semi-structured interviews with representatives from the agencies and schemes were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim.

Findings:

The audit (n =17) found that the range and level of information publicly available was variable. The availability of assistive technology for driving and transport, design and building for access and safety, and mobility was most often promoted. The qualitative findings (n = 11) indicated variability and challenges within four themes: operationalising the legislation; internal assistive technology processes; reasonable and necessary; and risks in the assistive technology pathway.

Conclusions:

Regulatory bodies, agencies and schemes are critical to the effectiveness of the sector. The findings identified opportunities for the organisations to review how internal processes are communicated publicly, and for the sector to address the perceived risks related to health professional availability, knowledge and skills, and limited accessibility to trial assistive technology. Subsequent studies explored the perspectives of the assistive technology advisors and suppliers and the recipients of assistive technology services and devices.
Emerging grammars in contemporary Yoruba phonology
Authors: Adebayo Taofeeq
Published: May 2023

This article provides a description and an Optimality Theory (OT) analysis of contact-induced changes and variation in contemporary Yoruba syllable structure. The article claims that a major diachronic change has occurred in the syllable structure of Yoruba phonology due to its continued contact with English, resulting in the invention, preservation, and hypercorrection of clusters and codas. I characterize this change in terms of OT constraint re-ranking (Miglio and Moren 2003) and assess the resulting synchronic variation against the indexed constraint approach of Itô and Mester (1995a, b, 1999), the ranked-winners approach of Coetzee (2004), the partial-order co-phonology of Anttila (1997), and the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model of Goldwater and Johnson (2003). I show that none of these approaches is able to account independently for the categorical, gradient, and lexically conditioned variation that characterize the contemporary Yoruba syllable structure, but rather that a MaxEnt model augmented with lexical indexation is the most economical model that fits the Yoruba data accurately.
Co-creation and engagement in a DNA integrity cohort study
Authors: Parker L. Lynette , Bonner Chantel M. , Sobol Robert W. , Arrieta Martha I.
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

The partnership between a research community engagement team (CE Team) and a community advisory board (CAB) formed the basis for bidirectional communication in developing resources for participant recruitment in a DNA integrity study. Engaging with a minoritized community, this partnership focused on respect, accessibility, and expanded engagement.

Methods:

A ten-member CAB, working in two groups defined by meeting time convenience, provided insight and feedback to the CE Team in the creation of recruitment and consent materials, via an iterative design process in which one CAB group reviewed and enhanced materials, and the second group tested and refined them further. The continuous analysis of CE Team notes from CAB meetings captured information needed both for materials refinement and implementation of CAB-suggested activities.

Results:

The partnership resulted in the co-creation of recruitment and consent materials that facilitated the enrollment of 191 individuals into the study. The CAB encouraged and assisted in expanded engagement inclusive of community leaders. This broader engagement provided information about the DNA integrity study to community decision-makers as well as responded to questions and concerns about the research. The bidirectional communication between the CAB and the CE Team encouraged the researchers to consider topics and research interests related to the current study but also responsive to community concerns.

Conclusions:

The CAB helped the CE Team develop a better understanding of the language of partnership and respect. In this way, the partnership opened doors for expanded community engagement and effective communication with potential study participants.
The making of the oral microbiome in Agta hunter–gatherers
Authors: Dobon Begoña , Musciotto Federico , Mira Alex , Greenacre Michael , Schlaepfer Rodolph , Aguileta Gabriela , Astete Leonora H. , Ngales Marilyn , Latora Vito , Battiston Federico , Vinicius Lucio , Migliano Andrea B. , Bertranpetit Jaume
Published: May 2023

Ecological and genetic factors have influenced the composition of the human microbiome during our evolutionary history. We analysed the oral microbiota of the Agta, a hunter–gatherer population where some members have adopted an agricultural diet. We show that age is the strongest factor modulating the microbiome, probably through immunosenescence since we identified an increase in the number of species classified as pathogens with age. We also characterised biological and cultural processes generating sexual dimorphism in the oral microbiome. A small subset of oral bacteria is influenced by the host genome, linking host collagen genes to bacterial biofilm formation. Our data also suggest that shifting from a fish/meat diet to a rice-rich diet transforms their microbiome, mirroring the Neolithic transition. All of these factors have implications in the epidemiology of oral diseases. Thus, the human oral microbiome is multifactorial and shaped by various ecological and social factors that modify the oral environment.
Fragmented Control of Platform Game Work in China
Authors: Zhao Mengyang
Published: May 2023

This article adopts a labour process theory approach to analysing distinct circuits of labour control in platform video game work in China, a novel manifestation of the platform economy rooted in the special formation of Chinese gaming infrastructure as well as in precarious labour regimes. Platform game work encompasses a broad range of online video game services such as live game streaming, paid boosting, and game companion, matching customers’ demands to workers who provide entertainment or assist play. Platform game work has drawn an estimated seven million young workers into precarious employment during the past decade. The article outlines three interwoven features defining the fragmented control of platform game work: the crucial function of extra-platform intermediaries in regulating labour processes; the deployment of relationship labour in order matching and community management; and the mutual reinforcement of platform diversity and fast-moving platform architecture. These three features co-create a decentralised yet resilient structure organised by a network of platform and non-platform, human and machine agencies. Positioning platform game work in the broad spectrum of gig work, the article illuminates new modes of labour control and workers’ embedded agency, adding to the nascent literature on diverse labour regimes and subjectivities in the platform economy.
A novel linear stability analysis method for plane Couette flow considering rarefaction effects
Authors: Zou Sen , Bi Lin , Zhong Chengwen , Yuan Xianxu , Tang Zhigong
Published: May 2023

Following the stability analysis method in classic fluid dynamics, a linear stability equation (LSE) suitable for rarefied flows is derived based on the Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK) equation. The global method and singular value decomposition method are used for modal and non-modal analysis, respectively. This approach is validated by results obtained from Navier–Stokes (NS) equations. The modal analysis shows that LSEs based on NS equations (NS-LSEs) begin to fail when the Knudsen number ($Kn$) increases past$\sim$0.01, regardless of whether a slip model is used. When$Kn\geq 0.01$, the growth rate of the least stable mode is generally underestimated by the NS-LSEs. Under a fixed wavenumber, the pattern (travelling or standing wave) of the least stable mode changes with$Kn$; when the mode presents the same pattern, the growth rate decreases almost linearly with increasing$Kn$; otherwise, rarefaction effects may not stabilize the flow. The characteristic lengths of the different modes are different, and the single-scale classic stability analysis method cannot predict multiple modes accurately, even when combined with a slip model and even for continuum flow. However, non-modal analysis shows that this error does not affect the transient growth because modes with small growth rates offer little contribution to the transient growth. In rarefied flow, as long as the Mach number ($Ma$) is large enough, transient growth will occur in some wavenumber ranges. The rarefaction effect plays a stabilizing role in transient growth. The NS-LSEs-based method always overestimates the maximum transient growth.
Machine learning building-block-flow wall model for large-eddy simulation
Authors: Lozano-Durán Adrián , Bae H. Jane
Published: May 2023

A wall model for large-eddy simulation (LES) is proposed by devising the flow as a combination of building blocks. The core assumption of the model is that a finite set of simple canonical flows contains the essential physics to predict the wall shear stress in more complex scenarios. The model is constructed to predict zero/favourable/adverse mean pressure gradient wall turbulence, separation, statistically unsteady turbulence with mean flow three-dimensionality, and laminar flow. The approach is implemented using two types of artificial neural networks: a classifier, which identifies the contribution of each building block in the flow, and a predictor, which estimates the wall shear stress via a combination of the building-block flows. The training data are obtained directly from wall-modelled LES (WMLES) optimised to reproduce the correct mean quantities. This approach guarantees the consistency of the training data with the numerical discretisation and the gridding strategy of the flow solver. The output of the model is accompanied by a confidence score in the prediction that aids the detection of regions where the model underperforms. The model is validated in canonical flows (e.g. laminar/turbulent boundary layers, turbulent channels, turbulent Poiseuille–Couette flow, turbulent pipe) and two realistic aircraft configurations: the NASA Common Research Model High-lift and NASA Juncture Flow experiment. It is shown that the building-block-flow wall model outperforms (or matches) the predictions by an equilibrium wall model. It is also concluded that further improvements in WMLES should incorporate advances in subgrid-scale modelling to minimise error propagation to the wall model.
Electrohydrodynamic-induced partial coalescence between a droplet and a liquid–air interface
Authors: Chen Hao , Chen Wei , Yin Zhouping , Fang Haisheng
Published: May 2023

When a droplet coalesces with a flat liquid–air interface, a secondary drop may be left behind resulting in only a partial coalescence rather than complete coalescence. In this paper, we employ an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian method to demonstrate that applying an electric field favours the occurrence of partial coalescence. To understand this phenomenon, we systematically study the effect of an external electric field on the coalescence process between a droplet and a liquid–air interface. In an electric field, the induced electric stresses can overcome the downward flow of the droplet, thus lifting it upwards. As a result, the positive Laplace pressure in the neck region squeezes the droplet towards pinch-off. We observe that both the initial neck expansion and neck shrinkage are suppressed by the electric field. These effects become weaker as the Ohnesorge number

$Oh$

increases. Based on the scaling analysis, we report a critical Ohnesorge number

$O{h_c} = 14.39{\varGamma ^{3/2}} + 0.029$

to quantify the transition from partial coalescence to complete coalescence in the presence of an electric field, where

$\varGamma $

represents the dimensionless electric Bond number. Finally, a relationship between the secondary droplet size and the two key dimensionless numbers of

$Oh$

and

$\varGamma $

has been developed, which could be useful for producing droplets of desired sizes in microfluidic applications.
Rate, risk factors and estimations of time to develop severe acute malnutrition after children receiving antiretroviral therapy at selected health facilities in northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Tsegaye Dejen , Kebede Tsehay , Kebede Fassikaw
Published: May 2023

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) affects up to 50 % of children with HIV, especially those who reside in resource-constrained healthcare setting like Ethiopia. During subsequent follow-up of children factors related to incidence of SAM after antiretroviral therapy (ART) is set on, however, there is no prior evidence. An institution-based retrospective cohort study was employed among 721 HIV-positive children from 1 January to 30 December 2021. Data were entered using Epi-Data version 3.1 and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. Bi-variable and multivariable Cox-proportional hazard models were employed at 95 % confidence intervals to identify significant predictors for SAM. According to this result, the overall mean (±sd) age of the participants was found to be 9⋅83 (±3⋅3) years. At the end of the follow-up period, 103 (14⋅29 %) children developed SAM with a median time of 30⋅3 (13⋅4) months after ART initiation. The overall incidence density of SAM was found to be 5⋅64 per 100 child (95 % CI 4⋅68, 6⋅94). Children with CD4 counts below the threshold [AHR 2⋅6 (95 % CI 1⋅2, 2⋅9, P = 0⋅01)], disclosed HIV status [AHR 1⋅9 (95 % CI 1⋅4, 3⋅39, P = 0⋅03)] and Hgb level ≤10 mg/dl [AHR 1⋅8 (95 % CI 1⋅2, 2⋅9, P = 0⋅03)] were significant predictors for SAM. Significant predictors of acute malnutrition were having a CD4 count below the threshold, children who had previously reported their HIV status, and having haemoglobin <10 mg/dl. To ensure better health outcomes, healthcare practitioners should improve earlier nutritional screening and consistent counselling at each session of care.
A branching random walk in the presence of a hard wall
Authors: Roy Rishideep
Published: May 2023

We consider a branching random walk on a d-ary tree of height n (
$n \in \mathbb{N}$
), in the presence of a hard wall which restricts each value to be positive, where d is a natural number satisfying
$d\geqslant2$
. We consider the behaviour of Gaussian processes with long-range interactions, for example the discrete Gaussian free field, under the condition that it is positive on a large subset of vertices. We observe a relation with the expected maximum of the processes. We find the probability of the event that the branching random walk is positive at every vertex in the nth generation, and show that the conditional expectation of the Gaussian variable at a typical vertex, under positivity, is less than the expected maximum by order of
$\log n$
.
A first-passage-place problem for integrated diffusion processes
Authors: Lefebvre Mario
Published: May 2023

Let
${\mathrm{d}} X(t) = -Y(t) \, {\mathrm{d}} t$
, where Y(t) is a one-dimensional diffusion process, and let
$\tau(x,y)$
be the first time the process (X(t), Y(t)), starting from (x, y), leaves a subset of the first quadrant. The problem of computing the probability
$p(x,y)\,:\!=\, \mathbb{P}[X(\tau(x,y))=0]$
is considered. The Laplace transform of the function p(x, y) is obtained in important particular cases, and it is shown that the transform can at least be inverted numerically. Explicit expressions for the Laplace transform of
$\mathbb{E}[\tau(x,y)]$
and of the moment-generating function of
$\tau(x,y)$
can also be derived.
The Far-Right’s Mnemonic Alliance with Putin’s Russia: L’SNS’s Mastering of a Disruptive Past
Authors: Paulovičová Nina , Gyárfášová Oľga
Published: May 2023

This study identifies the mnemonic strategies of the Slovak extreme-right Ľudová Strana Naše Slovensko (ĽSNS) / People’s Party Our Slovakia as a means of establishing a mnemonic alliance with Putin’s Russia. ĽSNS’s construction of mnemonic culture surrounding two critical events in Slovak history – the 1944 Slovak National Uprising and the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet army and its allies – is marked by an effort to overcome the ideological divide between its extreme-right ideology and Russia’s identity and memory politics rooted in its anti-fascist heritage. Those two events represent an uneasy terrain for building political and mnemonic alliances between ĽSNS and Putin’s Russia. Even though these two historical milestones represent a seemingly unmasterable past and an obstacle in an ĽSNS-Russia alliance, the party implemented several mnemonic strategies to reconfigure the place of these two key historical events in national memory and clear the path for a closer alliance with Putin’s Russia. We argue that ĽSNS’s memory construction is multidirectional rather than competitive or discordant. We unpack ĽSNS’s memory construction and identify multidirectional effects and trajectories as vectors for building a mnemonic alliance with Putin’s Russia.
Prediction of estimated risk for bipolar disorder using machine learning and structural MRI features
Authors: Mikolas Pavol , Marxen Michael , Riedel Philipp , Bröckel Kyra , Martini Julia , Huth Fabian , Berndt Christina , Vogelbacher Christoph , Jansen Andreas , Kircher Tilo , Falkenberg Irina , Lambert Martin , Kraft Vivien , Leicht Gregor , Mulert Christoph , Fallgatter Andreas J. , Ethofer Thomas , Rau Anne , Leopold Karolina , Bechdolf Andreas , Reif Andreas , Matura Silke , Bermpohl Felix , Fiebig Jana , Stamm Thomas , Correll Christoph U. , Juckel Georg , Flasbeck Vera , Ritter Philipp , Bauer Michael , Pfennig Andrea
Published: May 2023

Background

Individuals with bipolar disorder are commonly correctly diagnosed a decade after symptom onset. Machine learning techniques may aid in early recognition and reduce the disease burden. As both individuals at risk and those with a manifest disease display structural brain markers, structural magnetic resonance imaging may provide relevant classification features.

Methods

Following a pre-registered protocol, we trained linear support vector machine (SVM) to classify individuals according to their estimated risk for bipolar disorder using regional cortical thickness of help-seeking individuals from seven study sites (N = 276). We estimated the risk using three state-of-the-art assessment instruments (BPSS-P, BARS, EPIbipolar).

Results

For BPSS-P, SVM achieved a fair performance of Cohen's κ of 0.235 (95% CI 0.11–0.361) and a balanced accuracy of 63.1% (95% CI 55.9–70.3) in the 10-fold cross-validation. In the leave-one-site-out cross-validation, the model performed with a Cohen's κ of 0.128 (95% CI −0.069 to 0.325) and a balanced accuracy of 56.2% (95% CI 44.6–67.8). BARS and EPIbipolar could not be predicted. In post hoc analyses, regional surface area, subcortical volumes as well as hyperparameter optimization did not improve the performance.

Conclusions

Individuals at risk for bipolar disorder, as assessed by BPSS-P, display brain structural alterations that can be detected using machine learning. The achieved performance is comparable to previous studies which attempted to classify patients with manifest disease and healthy controls. Unlike previous studies of bipolar risk, our multicenter design permitted a leave-one-site-out cross-validation. Whole-brain cortical thickness seems to be superior to other structural brain features.
‘Our Own People’: The Southern Irish Loyalists Relief Association in Interwar Britain and Ireland
Authors: Hughes Brian
Published: May 2023

The Southern Irish Loyalists Relief Association (SILRA) was originally founded in London in 1922 to aid ‘refugees’ in Britain. It also had an Irish sub-committee, and soon focussed its attention almost exclusively on those loyalists who remained in the Irish Free State (IFS). Populated by diehard Conservatives and Irish unionists, SILRA demonstrates the longevity of the afterlife of the Irish Revolution for both of these groups – though both had experienced it very differently. As a non-violent reactionary movement that spanned Britain, Ireland, and the dominions, SILRA offers a useful transnational case-study of interwar counter-revolution in a British context. Moreover, SILRA's Irish committee highlights some of the ways in which the sternest southern loyalists and unionists – who found themselves among the ‘losers’ of the Irish Revolution – preserved allegiances and social solidarity in the IFS.
Sex steroid receptors in the ovarian follicles of the lizard Sceloporus torquatus
Authors: Cruz-Cano Norma Berenice , Sánchez-Rivera Uriel Ángel , Álvarez-Rodríguez Carmen , Cárdenas-León Mario , Martínez-Torres Martín
Published: May 2023

Estradiol and progesterone have been recognized as important mediators of reproductive events in the female mainly via binding to their receptors. This study aimed to characterize the immunolocalization of the estrogen receptor alfa (ERα), estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and progesterone receptor (PR) in the ovarian follicles of the lizard Sceloporus torquatus. The localization of steroid receptors has a spatio-temporal pattern that depends on the stage of follicular development. The immunostaining intensity of the three receptors was high in the pyriform cells and the cortex of the oocyte of previtellogenic follicles. During the vitellogenic phase, the granulosa and theca immunostaining was intense even with the modification of the follicular layer. In the preovulatory follicles, the receptors were found in yolk and additionally, ERα was also located in the theca. These observations suggest a role for sex steroids in regulating follicular development in lizards, like other vertebrates.
Effects of calcium-free ageing on ethanol-induced activation and developmental potential of mouse oocytes
Authors: Jin Chun-Hui , Chen Ren-Ren , Feng Xiu-Yun , Zhao Jun-Gui , Xu Ming-Tao , Zhang Min , Wang Jun-Zuo , Tan Jing-He
Published: May 2023

Although ethanol treatment is widely used to activate oocytes, the underlying mechanisms are largely unclear. Roles of intracellular calcium stores and extracellular calcium in ethanol-induced activation (EIA) of oocytes remain to be verified, and whether calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is involved in EIA is unknown. This study showed that calcium-free ageing (CFA) in vitro significantly decreased intracellular stored calcium (sCa) and CaSR expression, and impaired EIA, spindle/chromosome morphology and developmental potential of mouse oocytes. Although EIA in oocytes with full sCa after ageing with calcium does not require calcium influx, calcium influx is essential for EIA of oocytes with reduced sCa after CFA. Furthermore, the extremely low EIA rate in oocytes with CFA-downregulated CaSR expression and the fact that inhibiting CaSR significantly decreased the EIA of oocytes with a full complement of CaSR suggest that CaSR played a significant role in the EIA of ageing oocytes. In conclusion, CFA impaired EIA and the developmental potential of mouse oocytes by decreasing sCa and downregulating CaSR expression. Because mouse oocytes routinely treated for activation (18 h post hCG) are equipped with a full sCa complement and CaSR, the present results suggest that, while calcium influx is not essential, CaSR is required for the EIA of oocytes.
LETTER TO THE EDITORS: THE EMPEROR HAS NO CLOTHES: A REPLY TO GINOUX AND JOVANOVIC
Authors: Carret Vincent
Published: May 2023

In this letter to the editors of the Journal of the History of Economic Thought, I present my results on Ragnar Frisch’s rocking horse model, published in an earlier issue of the same journal, and detail why the comments by Jean-Marc Ginoux and Franck Jovanovic on my paper have no grounding. I explain the role of initial conditions on the amplitude of cycles and trend in Frisch’s solution, and emphasize that my contribution was to show that Frisch built a model where cycles and growth came from the same economic mechanism.
Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI): psychometric properties in clients with serious mental illness and co-occurring PTSD
Authors: Lu Weili , Mueser Kim T. , Yanos Philip T. , Siriram Amanda , Jia Yuane , Leong Alyssa , Silverstein Steven M. , Gottlieb Jennifer , Jankowski Mary K.
Published: May 2023

Background:

People with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit negative cognitions, predictive of PTSD severity. The Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI) is a widely used instrument measuring trauma-related cognitions and beliefs with three subscales: negative thoughts of self (SELF), negative cognitions about the world (WORLD), and self-blame (BLAME).

Aims:

The current study attempted to validate the use of the PTCI in people with serious mental illness (SMI), who have greater exposure to trauma and elevated rates of PTSD, using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and examining convergent and divergent correlations with relevant constructs.

Method:

Participants were 432 individuals with SMI and co-occurring PTSD diagnosis based on the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, who completed PTCI and other clinical ratings.

Results:

CFAs provided adequate support for Foa’s three-factor model (SELF, WORLD, BLAME), and adequate support for Sexton’s four-factor model that also included a COPE subscale. Both models achieved measurement invariance at configural, metric and scalar levels for three diagnostic groups: schizophrenia, bipolar and major depression, as well as for ethnicity (White vs Black), and gender (male vs female). Validity of both models was supported by significant correlations between PTCI subscales, and self-reported and clinician assessed PTSD symptoms and associated symptoms.

Conclusions:

Findings provide support for the psychometric properties of the PTCI and the conceptualization of Sexton’s four-factor and Foa’s three-factor models of PTCI among individuals diagnosed with SMI (Foa et al., 1999).
The unique role of bilingualism among cognitive reserve-enhancing factors
Authors: Gallo Federico , Abutalebi Jubin
Published: May 2023

The umbrella term cognitive reserve-enhancing factors refers to those experiential and lifestyle factors (such as intellectual activities, regular physical exercise, healthy nutrition, educational attainment, etc.) that may help individuals to compensate for age-related neural deterioration, thus enabling them to maintain relatively stable cognitive functioning during senescence. In the last 10 years, mounting evidence has shown that speaking a second language is a powerful cognitive reserve contributor, which could mitigate the consequences of healthy aging and contribute to the delay of dementia onset. In this piece, we argue that bilingualism may play a unique role among the well-known cognitive reserve-enhancing factors, thus contributing to the achievement of successful aging in a distinctive fashion. After reviewing behavioral and neuroimaging evidence for bilingualism-induced protection against healthy and pathological cognitive aging, we discuss theoretical reasons and experimental findings supporting the view that bilingualism should be granted an individual spot among reserve-enhancing life experiences.
Methods used to identify the prevalence of palliative care needs: An integrative review
Authors: Kitreerawutiwong Nithra , Kitreerawutiwong Keerati , Keeratisiroj Orawan , Mekrungrengwong Sunsanee , Thongkhamcharoen Rojanasak
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Early identification of palliative care (PC) needs is crucial to provide appropriate holistic care to patients. The objective of this integrative review is to synthesize the methods used to identify the prevalence of PC needs.

Methods

An integrative review search of the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Plus with full text, ProQuest, Wiley InterScience, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science with publications from 2010 to 2020 was carried out in English. Empirical studies examining the methods used to determine the prevalence of PC needs were included. The methods of data extraction of the included articles were categorized by data source, study setting, and data collector. Quality appraisal was performed using QualSyst.

Results

Of the 5,410 articles screened, 29 were included in this review. Two articles identified the prevalence of PC needs in a community that was supported by a network of volunteers, while 27 studies considered this at a continent, country, hospital, and/or primary care facility level as represented by physicians, nurses, and researchers.

Significance of results

Various methods have been used to determine the prevalence of PC needs, and the outcomes are valuable for policymakers in developing PC services when allocating resources at the national and community levels. Future research to identify PC needs across health settings, especially primary care facilities, should consider providing PC across a spectrum of care settings.
Simulated herbicide spray retention of commonly managed invasive emergent aquatic macrophytes
Authors: Haug Erika J , Howell Andrew W , Sperry Benjamin P , Mudge Christopher R , Richardson Robert J , Getsinger Kurt D
Published: May 2023

Invasive emergent and floating macrophytes can have detrimental impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Management of these aquatic weeds frequently relies upon foliar application of aquatic herbicides. However, there is inherent variability of overspray (herbicide loss) for foliar applications into waters within and adjacent to the targeted treatment area. The spray retention (tracer dye captured) of four invasive broadleaf emergent species (water hyacinth, alligatorweed, creeping water primrose, and parrotfeather) and two emergent grass-like weeds (cattail and torpedograss) were evaluated. For all species, spray retention was simulated using foliar applications of rhodamine WT (RWT) dye as a herbicide surrogate under controlled mesocosm conditions. Spray retention of the broadleaf species was first evaluated using a CO2-pressurized spray chamber overtop dense vegetation growth or no plants (positive control) at a greenhouse (GH) scale. Broadleaf species and grass-like species were then evaluated in larger outdoor mesocosms (OM). These applications were made using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer. Evaluation metrics included species-wise canopy cover and height influence on in-water RWT concentration using image analysis and modeling techniques. Results indicated spray retention was greatest for water hyacinth (GH, 64.7 ± 7.4; OM, 76.1 ± 3.8). Spray retention values were similar among the three sprawling marginal species alligatorweed (GH, 37.5 ± 4.5; OM, 42 ± 5.7), creeping water primrose (GH, 54.9 ± 7.2; OM, 52.7 ± 5.7), and parrotfeather (GH, 48.2 ± 2.3; OM, 47.2 ± 3.5). Canopy cover and height were strongly correlated with spray retention for broadleaf species and less strongly correlated for grass-like species. Although torpedograss and cattail were similar in percent foliar coverage, they differed in percent spray retention (OM, 8.5± 2.3 and 28.9 ±4.1, respectively). The upright leaf architecture of the grass-like species likely influenced the lower spray retention values in comparison to the broadleaf species.
An Observational Constraint of VOC Emissions for Air Quality Modeling Study in the Pearl River Delta Region
Authors: Zhou Beining , Guo Hai , Zeren Yangzong , Wang Yu , Lyu Xiaopu , Wang Boguang , Wang Hongli
Published: May 2023

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have crucial influences on atmospheric chemistry. Accurate quantification of the VOC emissions is critical for air pollution research, especially when applying to air quality models. However, current bottom‐up emission inventories have biases, making observational constraints of VOC emissions necessary. We conducted concurrent VOC measurements in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region during the summer of 2018 and found large discrepancies in the spatiotemporal variations of VOCs between observations and model simulations when using the priori VOC emission inventory (Multi‐resolution Emission Inventory for China). The normalized biases of total VOC concentrations ranged from −55% to 85% across the PRD cities in the study period. To improve the simulations, we constrained the anthropogenic VOC emissions based on their measured concentrations. The observation‐constrained VOC emissions showed clear diurnal variations and resolved the spatially‐concentrated priori emissions by reducing the high emissions by 15%–36% in the central PRD cities while elevating the sparse emissions in other cities. After employing the observation‐constrained VOC emissions, the model better reproduced the spatiotemporal variations of VOCs in the PRD region, alleviating the biases to −13%–13%. Furthermore, simulations of peak ozone (O3) concentrations were amended to reduce the mean normalized bias by 5%–12% on high O3 days. Our work has effectively combined VOC field measurements with air quality modeling to achieve better simulations of VOCs and O3. Besides, the observational‐constrained emissions are flexible for studying short‐term emission changes and their subsequent impacts on air quality.
Nitrogen Isotope Record From a Mid‐oceanic Paleo‐Atoll Limestone to Constrain the Redox State of the Panthalassa Ocean in the Capitanian (Late Guadalupian, Permian)
Authors: Saitoh Masafumi , Nishizawa Manabu , Ozaki Kazumi , Ikeda Masayuki , Ueno Yuichiro , Takai Ken , Isozaki Yukio
Published: May 2023

The Capitanian stage is characterized by marine anoxia possibly related to the extinction, although the global redox structure of the Capitanian ocean has not been constrained. We newly report a nitrogen isotope (δ15N) record from a paleo‐atoll limestone at the top of a mid‐Panthalassan seamount to constrain the spatial extent and duration of the Capitanian marine anoxia. The δ15N value of limestone after acid treatment is substantially high for ∼5‐Myr up to +28‰, the highest through the Phanerozoic oceans, suggesting that the nitrogen source (nitrate) was substantially enriched in 15N via denitrification within subsurface oxygen‐deficient zones (ODZs; O2 < 5 µM). Numerical modeling of nitrogen isotope dynamics in the upwelling system along the seamount suggests that the possible minimum δ15N value of a global deep‐oceanic nitrate reservoir was ca. +9‰ in the Capitanian (∼4‰ higher than at the present). Furthermore, a redox‐dependent nitrogen isotope mass balance model constrained the global redox structure of the Capitanian superocean. Substantially reducing conditions (O2 ≤ 20 µM) prevailed at intermediate water depths (100–1,000 m), in association with expanded ODZs with anoxic/euxinic cores along continental margins (≥ ∼0.4% of global ocean volume), while the deep‐ocean remained to be more oxidizing (O2 ≤ 60 µM). The enhanced open‐ocean productivity associated with the low sea‐level and high nutrient flux to the ocean resulted in the global ocean deoxygenation during the cooling stage. Our model is consistent with previous geologic observations and with a possible link between the long‐term (∼5‐Myr) development of marine dysoxia and the extinction.
Cyclic Correlation‐Based Blind SNR Estimation for Cyclic Prefix‐Less OFDM System
Authors: Zhang Liyu , Li Youming , Shi Shoudong , Qi Qinke , Ye Yanhua
Published: May 2023

This paper tackles the problem of the signal‐to‐noise ratio estimation for cyclic prefix (CP)‐Less orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system in the presence of Gaussian noise over multipath fading channels. First, we introduce the cyclic correlation of the CP‐Less OFDM signal with CP, and analyze the cyclic correlations for Gaussian noise and received signal. Second, we isolate the Gaussian noise power from the signal power. Finally, we obtain the close form expression of SNR estimation by using cyclic correlations. Computer simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Thank You to Our 2022 Peer Reviewers
Authors: Filippelli Gabriel , Colwell Rita R. , Anenberg Susan , Ceccarelli Daniela , Franklin Meredith , Dey Sagnik , Hudson‐Edwards Karen A. , Jutla Antarpreet , Miao Chiyuan , Paytan Adina , Vengosh Avner
Published: May 2023

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Permafrost microbial communities and functional genes are structured by latitudinal and soil geochemical gradients
Authors: Waldrop Mark P , Chabot Christopher L , Liebner Susanne , Holm Stine , Snyder Michael W , Dillon Megan , Dudgeon Steven R , Douglas Thomas A , Leewis Mary-Cathrine , Walter Anthony Katey M , McFarland Jack W , Arp Christopher D , Bondurant Allen C , Taş Neslihan , Mackelprang Rachel
Published: May 2023

Permafrost underlies approximately one quarter of Northern Hemisphere terrestrial surfaces and contains 25–50% of the global soil carbon (C) pool. Permafrost soils and the C stocks within are vulnerable to ongoing and future projected climate warming. The biogeography of microbial communities inhabiting permafrost has not been examined beyond a small number of sites focused on local-scale variation. Permafrost is different from other soils. Perennially frozen conditions in permafrost dictate that microbial communities do not turn over quickly, thus possibly providing strong linkages to past environments. Thus, the factors structuring the composition and function of microbial communities may differ from patterns observed in other terrestrial environments. Here, we analyzed 133 permafrost metagenomes from North America, Europe, and Asia. Permafrost biodiversity and taxonomic distribution varied in relation to pH, latitude and soil depth. The distribution of genes differed by latitude, soil depth, age, and pH. Genes that were the most highly variable across all sites were associated with energy metabolism and C-assimilation. Specifically, methanogenesis, fermentation, nitrate reduction, and replenishment of citric acid cycle intermediates. This suggests that adaptations to energy acquisition and substrate availability are among some of the strongest selective pressures shaping permafrost microbial communities. The spatial variation in metabolic potential has primed communities for specific biogeochemical processes as soils thaw due to climate change, which could cause regional- to global- scale variation in C and nitrogen processing and greenhouse gas emissions.
A non-randomized risk-adjusted comparison of lenalidomide + R-CHOP versus R-CHOP for MYC-rearranged DLBCL patients
Authors: de Jonge A. Vera , van Werkhoven Erik , Dinmohamed Avinash G. , Nijland Marcel , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Bossuyt Patrick M. , Veldhuis Martine S. , Rutten Emma G. G. M. , Mous Rogier , Vermaat Joost S. P. , Sandberg Yorick , de Jongh Eva , Bilgin Yavuz M. , Boersma Rinske , Koene Harry , Kersten Marie José , de Jong Daphne , Chamuleau Martine E. D.
Published: May 2023

Patients with MYC rearranged (MYC-R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have a poor prognosis. Previously, we demonstrated in a single-arm phase II trial (HOVON-130) that addition of lenalidomide to R-CHOP (R2CHOP) is well-tolerated and yields similar complete metabolic remission rates as more intensive chemotherapy regimens in literature. In parallel with this single-arm interventional trial, a prospective observational screening cohort (HOVON-900) was open in which we identified all newly diagnosed MYC-R DLBCL patients in the Netherlands. Eligible patients from the observational cohort that were not included in the interventional trial served as control group in the present risk-adjusted comparison. R2CHOP treated patients from the interventional trial (n = 77) were younger than patients in the R-CHOP control cohort (n = 56) (median age 63 versus 70 years, p = 0.018) and they were more likely to have a lower WHO performance score (p = 0.013). We adjusted for differences at baseline using 1:1 matching, multivariable analysis, and weighting using the propensity score to reduce treatment-selection bias. These analyses consistently showed improved outcome after R2CHOP with HRs of 0.53, 0.51, and 0.59, respectively, for OS, and 0.53, 0.59, and 0.60 for PFS. Thus, this non-randomized risk-adjusted comparison supports R2CHOP as an additional treatment option for MYC-R DLBCL patients.
Long COVID risk and pre-COVID vaccination in an EHR-based cohort study from the RECOVER program
Authors: Brannock M. Daniel , Chew Robert F. , Preiss Alexander J. , Hadley Emily C. , Redfield Signe , McMurry Julie A. , Leese Peter J. , Girvin Andrew T. , Crosskey Miles , Zhou Andrea G. , Moffitt Richard A. , Funk Michele Jonsson , Pfaff Emily R. , Haendel Melissa A. , Chute Christopher G. ,   N3C, Stürmer Til , Loomba Johanna J. , Koraishy Farrukh M. ,   RECOVER Consortia, Divers Jasmin , Thorpe Lorna E. , Horwitz Leora , Katz Stuart
Published: May 2023

Long COVID, or complications arising from COVID-19 weeks after infection, has become a central concern for public health experts. The United States National Institutes of Health founded the RECOVER initiative to better understand long COVID. We used electronic health records available through the National COVID Cohort Collaborative to characterize the association between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and long COVID diagnosis. Among patients with a COVID-19 infection between August 1, 2021 and January 31, 2022, we defined two cohorts using distinct definitions of long COVID—a clinical diagnosis (n = 47,404) or a previously described computational phenotype (n = 198,514)—to compare unvaccinated individuals to those with a complete vaccine series prior to infection. Evidence of long COVID was monitored through June or July of 2022, depending on patients’ data availability. We found that vaccination was consistently associated with lower odds and rates of long COVID clinical diagnosis and high-confidence computationally derived diagnosis after adjusting for sex, demographics, and medical history.
Dasatinib overcomes glucocorticoid resistance in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Sarno Jolanda , Domizi Pablo , Liu Yuxuan , Merchant Milton , Pedersen Christina Bligaard , Jedoui Dorra , Jager Astraea , Nolan Garry P. , Gaipa Giuseppe , Bendall Sean C. , Bava Felice-Alessio , Davis Kara L.
Published: May 2023

Resistance to glucocorticoids (GC) is associated with an increased risk of relapse in B-cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). Performing transcriptomic and single-cell proteomic studies in healthy B-cell progenitors, we herein identify coordination between the glucocorticoid receptor pathway with B-cell developmental pathways. Healthy pro-B cells most highly express the glucocorticoid receptor, and this developmental expression is conserved in primary BCP-ALL cells from patients at diagnosis and relapse. In-vitro and in vivo glucocorticoid treatment of primary BCP-ALL cells demonstrate that the interplay between B-cell development and the glucocorticoid pathways is crucial for GC resistance in leukemic cells. Gene set enrichment analysis in BCP-ALL cell lines surviving GC treatment show enrichment of B cell receptor signaling pathways. In addition, primary BCP-ALL cells surviving GC treatment in vitro and in vivo demonstrate a late pre-B cell phenotype with activation of PI3K/mTOR and CREB signaling. Dasatinib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, most effectively targets this active signaling in GC-resistant cells, and when combined with glucocorticoids, results in increased cell death in vitro and decreased leukemic burden and prolonged survival in an in vivo xenograft model. Targeting the active signaling through the addition of dasatinib may represent a therapeutic approach to overcome GC resistance in BCP-ALL.
Determining the gas-phase structures of α-helical peptides from shape, microsolvation, and intramolecular distance data
Authors: Wu Ri , Metternich Jonas B. , Kamenik Anna S. , Tiwari Prince , Harrison Julian A. , Kessen Dennis , Akay Hasan , Benzenberg Lukas R. , Chan T.-W. Dominic , Riniker Sereina , Zenobi Renato
Published: May 2023

Mass spectrometry is a powerful technique for the structural and functional characterization of biomolecules. However, it remains challenging to accurately gauge the gas-phase structure of biomolecular ions and assess to what extent native-like structures are maintained. Here we propose a synergistic approach which utilizes Förster resonance energy transfer and two types of ion mobility spectrometry (i.e., traveling wave and differential) to provide multiple constraints (i.e., shape and intramolecular distance) for structure-refinement of gas-phase ions. We add microsolvation calculations to assess the interaction sites and energies between the biomolecular ions and gaseous additives. This combined strategy is employed to distinguish conformers and understand the gas-phase structures of two isomeric α-helical peptides that might differ in helicity. Our work allows more stringent structural characterization of biologically relevant molecules (e.g., peptide drugs) and large biomolecular ions than using only a single structural methodology in the gas phase.
Asymmetric α-allylic allenylation of β-ketocarbonyls and aldehydes by synergistic Pd/chiral primary amine catalysis
Authors: You Chang , Shi Mingying , Mi Xueling , Luo Sanzhong
Published: May 2023

We herein describe an asymmetricα-allylic allenylation ofβ-ketocarbonyls and aldehydes with 1,3-enynes. A synergistic chiral primary amine/Pd catalyst was identified to facilitate the utilization of 1,3-enynes as atom-economic and achiral allene precursors. The synergistic catalysis enables the construction of all-carbon quaternary centers-tethered allenes bearing non-adjacent 1,3-axial central stereogenic centers in high level of diastereo- and enantio-selectivity. By switching the configurations of ligands and aminocatalysts, diastereodivergence can be achieved and any of the four diastereoisomers can be accessed in high diastereo- and enantio- selectivity.