bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecotourism, infrastructures, and the drama of sovereignty on a border island
Authors: Dicenta Mara , Gerrard Ana Cecilia
Published: October 2023

The Ruta 30 scenic road project in Argentine Tierra del Fuego has encountered significant resistance. In this article, we analyze a public hearing convened to assess the road's impacts as an event illuminating the daily dynamics of the region. In this borderland, narratives about sovereignty create a space of liminalities between pasts and futures, centers and peripheries, and living and the dead. In this context, and with Patagonia's expanding conservation and ecotourism frontiers, studying public reflexivity becomes crucial for understanding rapid changes. To this end, we employ Turner's “social drama” concept to analyze the hearing as a performance enacting authorized discourses of experts, policymakers, environmentalists, industry, and workers. We conclude by discussing “liminal governance” in a border territory that transcends neoliberal and sovereign designs, and “impossible opposition,” revealing how the hearing reframed the road conflict as a sovereignty crisis, ultimately mitigating potential disruptions to established settler‐colonial structures.
Fundamental Neurochemistry Review: Copper availability as a potential therapeutic target in progressive supranuclear palsy: Insight from other neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Billings Jessica L. , Hilton James B. W. , Liddell Jeffrey R. , Hare Dominic J. , Crouch Peter J.
Published: October 2023

Since the first description of Parkinson's disease (PD) over two centuries ago, the recognition of rare types of atypical parkinsonism has introduced a spectrum of related PD‐like diseases. Among these is progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), a neurodegenerative condition that clinically differentiates through the presence of additional symptoms uncommon in PD. As with PD, the initial symptoms of PSP generally present in the sixth decade of life when the underpinning neurodegeneration is already significantly advanced. The causal trigger of neuronal cell loss in PSP is unknown and treatment options are consequently limited. However, converging lines of evidence from the distinct neurodegenerative conditions of PD and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are beginning to provide insights into potential commonalities in PSP pathology and opportunity for novel therapeutic intervention. These include accumulation of the high abundance cuproenzyme superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in an aberrant copper‐deficient state, associated evidence for altered availability of the essential micronutrient copper, and evidence for neuroprotection using compounds that can deliver available copper to the central nervous system. Herein, we discuss the existing evidence for SOD1 pathology and copper imbalance in PSP and speculate that treatments able to provide neuroprotection through manipulation of copper availability could be applicable to the treatment of PSP.

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Association between higher duodenal levels of the fructose carrier glucose transporter‐5 and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis
Authors: De Vito Francesca , Suraci Evelina , Marasco Raffaella , Luzza Francesco , Andreozzi Francesco , Sesti Giorgio , Fiorentino Teresa Vanessa
Published: October 2023

Background

An increased dietary fructose intake has been shown to exert several detrimental metabolic effects and contribute to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). An augmented intestinal abundance of the fructose carriers glucose transporter‐5 (GLUT‐5) and glucose transporter‐2 (GLUT‐2) has been found in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Herein, we investigated whether elevated intestinal levels of GLUT‐5 and GLUT‐2, resulting in a higher dietary fructose uptake, are associated with NAFLD and its severity.

Methods

GLUT‐5 and GLUT‐2 protein levels were assessed on duodenal mucosa biopsies of 31 subjects divided into 2 groups based on ultrasound‐defined NAFLD presence who underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Results

Individuals with NAFLD exhibited increased duodenal GLUT‐5 protein levels in comparison to those without NAFLD, independently of demographic and anthropometric confounders. Conversely, no difference in duodenal GLUT‐2 abundance was observed amongst the two groups. Univariate correlation analyses showed that GLUT‐5 protein levels were positively related with body mass index, waist circumference, fasting and 2 h post‐load insulin concentrations, and insulin resistance (IR) degree estimated by homeostatic model assessment of IR (r = 0.44; p = 0.02) and liver IR (r = 0.46; p = 0.03) indexes. Furthermore, a positive relationship was observed between duodenal GLUT‐5 abundance and serum uric acid concentrations (r = 0.40; p = 0.05), a product of fructose metabolism implicated in NAFLD progression. Importantly, duodenal levels of GLUT‐5 were positively associated with liver fibrosis risk estimated by NAFLD fibrosis score.

Conclusion

Increased duodenal GLUT‐5 levels are associated with NAFLD and liver fibrosis. Inhibition of intestinal GLUT‐5‐mediated fructose uptake may represent a strategy for prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
Social media use and paediatric practice: Hippocratic help, hype or harm?
Authors: Preisz Anne
Published: October 2023

Social media is increasingly a part of our personal and professional life and is here to stay. Here, I reflect on issues surrounding the use of social media (SMU) in the digital health context by clinicians in Australian paediatric health care. I aim to briefly highlight some inherent multifactorial and contextual ethical considerations which mainly relate to professionalism; including boundaries, obligations to patients and families within the therapeutic alliance, and balancing the help, hype and harm of SMU in clinical practice. I conclude that digital health and SMU are ubiquitous, and can be beneficial if used circumspectly with Hippocratic principles that have been updated for the modern era and are grounded in ancient moral codes. Unfettered SMU however, without adherence to ethical and legal guidelines is problematic, and may expose patients, families and clinicians to significant risk of harm and moral vulnerability. Justifiable, explicit, consistent and regularly reviewed boundaries, both professional and personal, are ethically advisable. These should reflect, and adapt to, the rapidly evolving nature of social media as imprudent digital health and SMU without proportionate limits, may undermine still relevant Hippocratic tenets, and the primacy of doing no harm.
Prognostic factors and outcome in cats with thymic epithelial tumours: 64 cases (1999‐2021)
Authors: Marks T. A. , Rossanese M. , Yale A. D. , Stewart S. , Smallwood K. , Rigas K. , Guillén A.
Published: October 2023

Objectives

To describe the clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes of cats diagnosed with thymic epithelial tumours and to determine prognostic factors for survival and recurrence.

Materials and Methods

Clinical records of cats diagnosed with a thymic epithelial tumour between 1999 and 2021 at three referral institutions were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

Sixty‐four cats were included. Paraneoplastic syndromes were present in nine cats and metastatic disease was seen in two cats, one at diagnosis and one at the time of recurrence. Median tumour diameter was 6 cm (range, 2 to 15) and a cystic appearance was described on imaging in 25 cats. Surgical excision was attempted in 54 cats with a perioperative mortality rate of 11%.

Median survival time for cats surviving to hospital discharge was 897 days (range, 21 to 3322). The 1‐, 2‐ and 5‐year survival rates for surgically treated thymic epithelial tumour were 86%, 70% and 66%, respectively. Survival was longer for cats with Masaoka‐Koga stage I and II tumours compared to stages III and IV (1366 days versus 454 days; P=0.002). Masaoka‐Koga stage was the only significant prognostic factor detected on multi‐variable analysis, with stage III and IV tumours associated with increased risk of death (hazard ratio: 5.67, 95% confidence interval: 1.29 to 24.91, P=.021). Tumour recurrence occurred in 11 cats at a median of 564 days (range, 93 to 1095); no significant prognostic factors for recurrence were identified.

Clinical Significance

Cats with thymic epithelial tumours had a good long‐term prognosis following surgery. Tumour recurrence can occur late in the disease course and ongoing monitoring should therefore be considered. Masaoka‐Koga stage may influence survival time and could be used to predict outcome.
Storage of spinach juice agglomerates: Physical, flow, structural, and thermal properties
Authors: Çalışkan Koç Gülşah , Yüksel Sarıoğlu Hira , Dirim Safiye Nur , Pandiselvam Ravi
Published: October 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate how the various storage temperatures affected the physical properties, flow characteristics, microstructure, and glass transition temperature of spinach juice agglomerates. For this purpose, spray‐dried spinach juice powders were processed to agglomerates by using a modified fluidized bed dryer (1.6 m/s airflow rate, 60°C drying air temperature, 20 min processing time, and with different binder solutions containing agents as maltodextrin, gum Arabic, and whey powder isolate). The analyses were carried out every month throughout 6 months while the spinach juice agglomerates were stored at temperatures of 4, 20, and 35°C. The results revealed that over the storage time, the moisture content and water activity values of the agglomerates were generally under 11% and 0.6, respectively. The color values generally showed a decreasing trend depending on the storage time. The solubility times of the samples stored at 4°C were longer than those of stored at other storage temperatures. The SJA‐GA had the lowest HR and CI values and thus the best flowability properties during all storage times. There was no detectable change in the structures of SJA stored at 20°C according to the storage time. Throughout the storage time, it was discovered that the glass transition temperature of all spinach juice agglomerates was remarkably similar. Overall, the investigation revealed that storage at 35°C for 6 months might be suitable because it delivered the intended outcomes such as greater flowability and cohesiveness, and shorter wettability and solubility times.
The effect of sepsis and reactive oxygen species on skeletal muscle interstitial oxygen pressure during contractions
Authors: Hitosugi Naoki , Hotta Kazuki , Taketa Yoshikazu , Takamizawa Ren , Fujii Yutaka , Ikegami Ryo , Tamiya Hajime , Inoue Tatsuro , Tsubaki Atsuhiro
Published: October 2023

Objective

This study aims to examine the effect of sepsis on the dynamics of skeletal muscle partial oxygen pressure during muscle contractions as well as the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger (ascorbic acid, Asc).

Methods

Twenty‐seven male Sprague–Dawley rats (2–3 months old) were randomly assigned to three groups; sham, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), or CLP plus ascorbic acid treatment group (CLP + Asc). Electrical stimuli‐induced muscle contractions and partial oxygen pressure measurements were performed at 3 h after CLP. The interstitial oxygen pressure (PO2is) in the spinotrapezius muscle was measured by the phosphorescence quenching method.

Results

The PO2is at rest was not different between the three groups. The PO2is decreased from rest to contraction in all groups. Compared to the sham, the time to decrease PO2is was significantly faster in CLP but not in CLP + Asc (p < .05). Compared to the sham, the PO2is during muscle contractions was significantly lower in both CLP and CLP + Asc (p < .05, respectively).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that CLP‐induced sepsis accelerated the decay of PO2is at the onset of muscle contractions and maintained a low level of PO2is during muscle contractions.
Validity and internal consistency of four scales in patients with TMD: PHQ8, GAD7, PHQ15 and JFLS20
Authors: Taimeh Dina , Riordain Richeal Ni , Fedele Stefano , Leeson Rachel
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to explore the structural validity and internal consistency reliability of General Anxiety Disorder‐7, Patient Health Questionnaire‐8, 15 and Jaw Functional Limitation Scale‐20 in patients with chronic pain of temporomandibular disorders.

Materials and Methods

Validity and reliability were assessed in 129 patients diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders. Structural validity was explored using factor analysis, and internal consistency by calculating Cronbach α.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a suitable 2‐factor model for Patient Health Questionnaire‐8, with Cronbach α of 0.89, and 0.86. One and 2‐factor models were suitable for General Anxiety Disorder‐7, with overall Cronbach α of 0.93 for the 1‐factor model, and 0.91 and 0.84 for both factors in a 2‐factor model. A 4‐factor solution was appropriate for Patient Health Questionnaire‐15, with Cronbach α of 0.72, 0.57, 0.71 and 0.73 for each factor separately. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to explore the factor structure of Jaw Functional Limitation Scale 20, and a 3‐factor solution was appropriate.

Conclusions

This study provides positive evidence of structural validity and internal consistency of these questionnaires in patients with pain of temporomandibular disorders. However, additional testing is required to explore further psychometric properties.
Targeting BRD4 attenuates the stemness and aggressiveness of ameloblastoma
Authors: Xie Jiaxiang , Zhang Jingqi , Xiong Gan , Ouyang Shengqi , Yun Bokai , Xu Xiuyun , Wang Wenjin , Zhang Ming , Xie Nan , Chen Demeng , Wang Cheng
Published: October 2023

Background

BRD4, belonging to the bromodomain extra‐terminal (BET) protein family, plays a unique role in tumor progression. However, the potential impact of BRD4 in ameloblastoma (AM) remains largely unknown. Herein, we aimed to assess the expression and functional role of BRD4 in AM.

Methods

The expression level of BRD4 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenic abilities of AM cells were assessed by a series of assays. To explore the molecular expression profile of BRD4‐depleted AM cells, RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) was performed. Bioinformatic analysis was performed on AM expression matrices obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The therapeutic efficacy of BET‐inhibitors (BETi) was assessed with AM patient‐derived organoids.

Results

Upregulation of BRD4 was observed in conventional AMs, recurrent AMs, and ameloblastic carcinomas. Depletion of BRD4 inhibited proliferation, invasion, migration, and tumorigenesis in AM. Administration of BETi attenuated the aggressiveness of AM and the growth of AM patient‐derived organoids. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that BRD4 may promote AM progression by regulating the Wnt pathway and stemness‐associated pathways.

Conclusion

BRD4 increases the aggressiveness and promotes the recurrence of ameloblastoma by regulating the Wnt pathway and stemness‐associated pathways. These findings highlight BRD4 as a promising therapeutic target in AM management.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DQB1 allele, DQB1*05:323 by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Ananeva Anastasiia , Aksenova Liliya , Andryushkina Anna V. , Shagimardanova Elena I.
Published: October 2023

The novel HLA‐DQB1*05:323 allele was characterized using next generation sequencing technology.
Significant Enhancement of Near-Field Radiative Heat Transfer by Misaligned Bilayer Heterostructure of Graphene-Covered Gratings
Authors: Cui Gui-Cheng , Zhou Cheng-Long , Zhang Yong , Yi Hong-Liang
Published: October 2023

The near-field radiative heat transfer of heterostructure consisting of SiC gratings and graphene is investigated in this work. The rigorous coupled-wave analysis is employed to calculate the spectral heat flux. Nevertheless, monolayer heterostructure and nonmisaligned bilayer heterostructure consistently suffer from a lack of spectral heat flux. In this work, we investigate the prominent effect of misaligned bilayer heterostructure in enhancing near-field radiative heat transfer by plotting energy transmission coefficients and electromagnetic fields. The results show that when the misalignment reaches half a period, the bilayer heterostructure exhibits optimal performance with a total heat flux of 3.5 × 104 W/m2. Besides the well-known coupled surface phonon polaritons supported by SiC gratings, the surface plasmon polaritons supported by graphene dominate the enhancement of heat flux from 0.01 × 1014 rad/s to 1.5 × 1014 rad/s. Due to the spatial misalignment of the upper and lower gratings, the lower layer graphene surface plasmon polaritons are intensified, compensating for the lack of spectral heat flux. Meanwhile, the graphene surface plasmon polaritons and SiC surface phonon polaritons can be hybridized to form surface plasmon-phonon polaritons. In addition, the dynamic modulation of near-field radiative heat transfer in the misalignment state is achieved by manipulating the Fermi level of graphene. We finally show that the superiority of misaligned heterostructure is robust with respect to the frequency shift in the phonon band, providing an effective way to improve the near-field radiative heat transfer in different configuration.
Numerical Investigations on Enhancement of Pool Boiling Heat Transfer on a Mixed Wettability Surface Employing Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Das Sonali Priyadarshini , Bhattacharya Anandaroop
Published: October 2023

In this paper, a systematic numerical study of pool boiling heat transfer on a mixed wettability heated surface is done using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) with a multiple relaxation time (MRT)-based collision operator. The effect of the design parameters, viz, size of the hydrophobic patch (D), spacing between hydrophobic patches (L), number of hydrophobic patches (N), and uneven-sized patches, on pool boiling was studied and results are explained through detailed analysis of bubble nucleation, growth, coalescence, and departure from the heated surface. The results show that mixed wettability surfaces with strategically sized and positioned hydrophobic patches on a hydrophilic surface can result in high heat flux for pool boiling across the entire range of surface superheat or Jacob number (Ja) by combining the advantages of hydrophobic surface in nucleate boiling and hydrophilic surface in transition and film boiling. Further, the mixed wettability surface can delay the onset of film boiling compared to a pure or superhydrophilic surface thereby resulting in higher critical heat flux (CHF). A hydrophobic to total surface area ratio of 30–40% was found to be optimal for all ranges of surface superheat or Jacob number (Ja), which agrees well with the experimental result of 38.46% reported by Motezakker et al. (2019, “Optimum Ratio of Hydrophobic to Hydrophilic Areas of Biphilic Surfaces in Thermal Fluid Systems Involving Boiling,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 135, pp. 164–174).
Explicit and Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of a Novel Polo Helmet Design: A Parametric Study
Authors: Al-Rawi Mohammad , Zheng Li , Best Russ
Published: October 2023

Polo is a popular sport in New Zealand, Australia, the United Kingdom, and many other countries. Polo is a vigorous sport involving players and horses moving at speed and can result in head injuries caused by falls. Helmets play a vital role in the safety and protection of Polo players. This study investigates different hemispheric bumper shapes of the helmet to improve the impact resistance performance using finite element analysis (FEA) and explicit dynamics analysis (EDA). The aerodynamic performance of the proposed helmet is investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to account for drag impact on the Polo player's speed. These are investigated for impact resistance and the drag coefficient under different speeds. The EDA results show that the new proposed bumper will absorb the impact and reduce the energy transferred to the inside foam at a relative impact speed of 6.2 m/s, as recommended by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), with a maximum total deformation of 4.42 mm compared to 4.19 mm and 3.85 mm for impact speeds of 5.9 m/s by the European standard PAS015:2011 helmets for equestrian use and 5.42 m/s BS EN 1078 helmets for bicyclists' use, respectively. Additionally, under speeds ranging from 15 km/h to 65 km/h, the new helmet demonstrated a drag coefficient of 0.454, similar to that of the national team helmet, at 0.423.
Linear Quadratic Optimal Robust Multivariable Proportional-Integral Control Design for a Boiler-Turbine Unit
Authors: Gopmandal Falguni , Ghosh Arun
Published: October 2023

Boiler-turbine unit is a highly nonlinear, coupled, and ill-conditioned system. Moreover, the presence of physical constraints, such as actuator magnitude and rate limits, makes the system difficult to control. This paper employs a fixed multivariable proportional-integral (PI) controller of the I–P structure for robust linear quadratic (LQ) compensation of a nonlinear boiler-turbine benchmark. In order to ensure that a single PI controller works for the whole operating region of this nonlinear system, the linearized model of the system is represented as a norm-bounded, time-varying uncertain system. The ranges of the uncertain parameters of this linearized model are determined from different operating points of the nonlinear system. To design the PI controller for the uncertain system, first, it is transformed into a state feedback design for an augmented uncertain system and then the state feedback gains satisfying some LQ performance limit are computed by solving a linear matrix inequality (LMI) problem. As the uncertainty in the feedforward matrix of the linearized model cannot be considered in the above design process, an LMI-based method is developed to check if the designed PI controller performance in H∞ sense is close to the one if the neglected uncertainty is included. The performance of the controller is tested on the nonlinear boiler-turbine unit under several operating conditions and physical constraints. Comparisons are also made with some existing PI controllers, to show the superiority of the proposed robust PI controller.
Maximum Likelihood Identification of Backflow Vortex Instability in Rocket Engine Inducers
Authors: Guidolotti Stefano , d'Agostino Luca
Published: October 2023

Bayesian estimation is applied to the analysis of backflow vortex instabilities in typical three- and four-bladed liquid propellant rocket engine inducers. The flow in the impeller eye is modeled as a set of equally intense and evenly spaced 2D axial vortices, located at the same radial distance from the axis and rotating at a fraction of the impeller speed. The circle theorem is used to predict the flow pressure in terms of the vortex number, intensity, rotational speed, and radial position. The theoretical spectra so obtained are frequency broadened to mimic the dispersion of the experimental results and parametrically fitted to the measured data by maximum likelihood estimation with equal and independent Gaussian errors. The method is applied to three inducers, tested in water at room temperature and different operating conditions. It successfully characterizes backflow instabilities using the signals of a single pressure transducer flush-mounted in the impeller eye, effectively bypassing the aliasing limitations and the data acquisition/reduction complexities of traditional multiple-sensor cross-correlation methods. The identification returns the estimates of the model parameters and their standard deviations, providing the information necessary for assessing the accuracy and statistical significance of the results. The flowrate is found to be the major factor affecting the backflow vortex instability, which, on the other hand, is rather insensitive to the occurrence of cavitation. The results are consistent with the data reported in the literature, as well as with those generated by the auxiliary models specifically developed for initializing the maximum likelihood searches and supporting the identification procedure.
A Note on Performance Assessment of Signal Energy–Based Acoustic Source Localization in a Carbon Fiber–Reinforced Polymer Plate
Authors: Alnuaimi Hamad , Amjad Umar , Sen Novonil , Kundu Tribikram
Published: October 2023

The effectiveness of the signal energy–based acoustic source localization approach in practical applications has yet to be established. This is addressed herein by conducting an experimental study on a 500 mm × 500 mm carbon fiber–reinforced polymer plate and generating artificial acoustic events in the plate. Upon acquiring the propagating wave signals at several well-scattered sensors, the signal energy–based approach is applied, and the accuracy of the source localization results is noted. Seven experiments are performed with varying source locations, sensor-plate bonding, and excitation types. This approach has performed well for five experiments with source localization errors below 15 mm. The remaining two experiments where the acoustic sources are relatively close to the plate edges compared to the other experiments have, however, produced large localization errors, indicating a scope of improvement in the approach to encompass all situations.
Nonlinear Vibration-Based Quantitative Evaluation of Fatigue Cracks
Authors: Xu Wei , Lu Qitian , Cao Maosen , Ostachowicz Wiesław
Published: October 2023

Fatigue cracks can cause nonlinearities in the vibration responses of cracked structural components. Nevertheless, it is difficult to extract crack-induced weak dynamic nonlinearities, leading to a noticeable barrier to evaluating the severities of the fatigue cracks. To overcome this barrier, this study proposes a nonlinear vibration-based approach for quantitatively evaluating fatigue cracks. The singular spectrum analysis (SSA) is utilized to process structural vibration responses, by which crack-induced dynamic nonlinearities are extracted and embodied in the status features (SFs). In the status space, the dispersed distributions of the SF clusters can visually characterize different crack statuses. In addition, the 3D probability density functions of the SFs are formed, based on which a status probability index is established to quantify the relative probabilities of different known crack statuses. Hereby, the fatigue cracks can be quantitatively evaluated in a probabilistic manner. The approach is experimentally validated on a steel cantilever beam with a fatigue crack. The beam is excited by an electromagnetic shaker, steady-state velocity responses of which are acquired from its free end through noncontact measurement using a Doppler laser vibrometer. The open extents of the fatigue crack are controlled by the excitation amplitudes. The results prove that the approach can visually characterize the crack statuses corresponding to different open extents and quantify their relative probabilities.
A Data-Driven Method for Average Grain Size Assessment using Ultrasonic Guided Wave
Authors: Gao Chenjun , Sun Peipei , Peipei Xuefei , He Jingjing
Published: October 2023

The grain size of polycrystalline metals has been one of the important material property parameters of interest in aerospace and industrial fields. As a nondestructive, convenient, and low-cost approach, the nondestructive evaluation technique based on ultrasonic guided waves has the potential to replace traditional destructive methods such as optical metallography for rapid assessment of grain size. Currently, several studies have demonstrated that multiple features of ultrasonic bulk waves can be used for the quantitative assessment of material microstructure parameters. However, bulk wave methods have limitations in the face of structures with large sizes commonly found in engineering practice. Despite the excellent properties of guided waves for rapid scanning of large areas, there is still a lack of discussion on the use of guided waves for grain size assessment. This paper proposes a data-driven model for guided-wave grain size assessment. The amplitude attenuation, coda wave energy attenuation, and cross-correlation decay are used as three grain-size sensitive characteristic features to construct a linear response surface model. The developed model is validated by a series of GH742 alloy specimens with different average grain sizes.
Learning Tensor Representations to Improve Quality of Wavefield Data
Authors: Tetali Harsha Vardhan , Harley Joel B.
Published: October 2023

Recent advancements in physics-informed machine learning have contributed to solving partial differential equations through means of a neural network. Following this, several physics-informed neural network works have followed to solve inverse problems arising in structural health monitoring. Other works involving physics-informed neural networks solve the wave equation with partial data and modeling wavefield data generator for efficient sound data generation. While a lot of work has been done to show that partial differential equations can be solved and identified using a neural network, little work has been done the same with more basic machine learning (ML) models. The advantage with basic ML models is that the parameters learned in a simpler model are both more interpretable and extensible. For applications such as ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation, this interpretability is essential for trustworthiness of the methods and characterization of the material system under test. In this work, we show an interpretable, physics-informed representation learning framework that can analyze data across multiple dimensions (e.g., two dimensions of space and one dimension of time). The algorithm comes with convergence guarantees. In addition, our algorithm provides interpretability of the learned model as the parameters correspond to the individual solutions extracted from data. We demonstrate how this algorithm functions with wavefield videos.
Damage Localization in Plates Using Energy of Acoustic Emission through Gaussian Process Regression
Authors: Ojha Shivam , Shelke Amit , Tiwari Shashi Bhushan , Santhosh B , Thomas Shaji , Habib Anowarul
Published: October 2023

The modern infrastructures are well equipped with piezoelectric sensors primarily installed for data collection indirectly helps in condition monitoring of the structure. The acoustic source localization (ASL) is one of the domains in which the source of the acoustic emission is identified using guided ultrasonic wave propagation. This paper presents a novel approach for damage localization in the anisotropic plates utilizing the energy of the acoustic response received by sensors. The acoustic signal is filtered and segmented simultaneously through empirical mode decomposition (EMD). For each receiving sensor, the acoustic signal is segmented into at least three intrinsic mode functions (IMF), and the energy of each IMFs is calculated. The nonlinear and complex relation between IMFs energy and the coordinates of impact location is modeled using Gaussian process regression (GPR). For each of the coordinates, there is a separate trained GPR function that relates it to IMFs resulting in two GPR models working in parallel to predict the impact location through the energy response of the signal. The proposed approach is trained as well as validated through the experiment conducted on a carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite panel instrumented with a sparse array of piezoelectric sensors. The results unveil the performance of the proposed framework that adequately identifies the location of the impact.
Measurement of Ultrasonic Guided Waves in Plates using Low-Cost Equipment
Authors: Loveday Philip , Fromme Paul
Published: October 2023

Guided wave ultrasound can be used to efficiently inspect and monitor large, thin-walled structures where the boundaries of the structure guide the propagation of wave energy, such as pipes and plates. In these structures the guided wave propagation can be used to inspect a large volume of the structure from a limited number of sensor locations, making permanently installed monitoring systems for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) possible. Guided wave ultrasound, however, is complicated due to the presence of multiple modes of propagation and dispersion, causing the signals to become distorted as they propagate. This complexity makes both analytical analysis and experimental measurements essential for performing research in this area.

Specialized laboratory equipment such as non-contact laser vibrometers, power amplifiers, or high specification oscilloscopes can be very expensive and unaffordable. This contribution presents a preliminary investigation on what can be achieved experimentally using low-cost (USD 1000) equipment, suitable for research and teaching in circumstances with limited budgets. Using the example of low frequency guided wave propagation (A0 mode) in an isotropic plate, the influence of different measurement configurations on the accuracy of phase velocity quantification was investigated. Results from two different experimental setups employing high or low-cost equipment and different settings were evaluated and quantified. Accuracy of sensor movement and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were found to have a significant influence on measurement repeatability and methods to reduce these effects were applied.
Observations of ocean spice and isopycnal tilt sound-speed structures in the mixed layer and upper ocean and their impacts on acoustic propagation
Authors: Richards Edward L. , Colosi John A.
Published: October 2023

A 400-m deep and 970 km long conductivity, temperature, depth section in the Northeast Pacific Ocean is decomposed into sound-speed variations associated with tilting isopycnals and ocean spice. The vertical distribution of sound-speed variance from these two processes shows significant fluctuations in the mixed layer (ML) and transition layer (TRL) below. Acoustic simulations at 400 and 1000 Hz are conducted with the decomposed fields to quantify their relative impact on upper ocean propagation for source locations in the ML and TRL. The low frequency simulations show that localized scattering processes dominate the propagation while higher frequencies experience more diffuse scattering. For propagation in the ML, spice generates the most loss while tilt can reduce loss when combined with spice. Statistics further show that energy can couple into and out of the ML duct depending on source depth and frequency.
Professional Conflict in Athletic Training and Nursing Environments: A Commentary on Comparisons and Solutions
Authors: Pike Lacy Alicia M. , Bowman Thomas G. , Denegar Craig R. , Singe Stephanie M.
Published: October 2023

The athletic training and nursing professions have similar characteristics regarding workplace environment and challenges with interdependence. Professionals in both fields often face conflict with stakeholders while fulfilling their job responsibilities. Although sources and antecedents of conflict differ somewhat between the professions, the consequences of conflict are nearly identical. Job-related stress, depression and burnout, and interpersonal conflict can take a toll on clinicians’ mental and physical health. Greater efforts must be made to better prepare clinicians to diffuse and resolve conflict. Compared with athletic training, nursing has placed a greater emphasis on developing students’ conflict resolution skills in the professional curriculum. Therefore, athletic training educators and preceptors can learn from nursing education and adopt similar educational experiences for athletic training students. Providing students with tools early on can give them confidence to address conflict promptly and constructively, which may mitigate negative impacts of the conflict on patient care.
Evaluation and Management of Exertional Rhabdomyolysis Following a Spin Class
Authors: Turner Haley A. , Goodman Lily C. , Chang Christian J. , Moris Guillermo , Moris Jose M.
Published: October 2023

Exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) has become prevalent over the last decade after performing spin classes. ER is characterized by the plasma elevation of creatine kinase as a marker of severe muscle damage. This case study highlights a 26-year-old healthy male that suffered from ER after performing their first ever spin class. The acute and chronic management of the ER is described, along with follow-up assessments that tracked the recovery following discharge from the hospital. Symptoms, such as localized swelling with complete loss of mobility and pain disproportionate to soreness, were characteristic in this individual with ER. Examining the concentration of plasma creatine kinase and monitoring urine output and color provided a good measure to determine when to discharge the patient. Management wise, ambulation should be minimized, and complete bed rest is ideal in conjunction with fluid replacement therapy. Although the individual in this case study did not develop compartment syndrome, its occurrence is always a possibility that should be routinely screened for. Lastly, further research is warranted to determine if there are any dietary interventions to promote a steadfast recovery from ER.
Humans Versus Robots: Converting Golf Putter Trajectories for Robotic Guidance
Authors: Bested Stephen R. , Crainic Valentin A. , Manson Gerome A. , Tremblay Luc
Published: October 2023

Robotic devices are used to provide physical guidance when teaching different movements. To advance our knowledge of robotic guidance in training complex movements, this investigation tested different kinematic data filtering methods of individual’s golf putts to convert them into trajectories to be employed by a robot arm. The purpose of the current study was to identify a simple filtering method to aptly replicate participants’ individual golf putter trajectories which could be used by the robot to execute them with greater consistency and accuracy than their human counterpart. Participants putted toward three targets where three-dimensional data of the putter’s head were filtered and then fitted by using one or two dimensions of the participant’s putter head trajectories. As expected, both filtering methods employed with the robot outperformed the human participants in ball endpoint accuracy and consistency. Further, after comparing the filtered to the human participants’ trajectories, the two-dimensional method best replicated the kinematic features of human participants’ natural putter trajectory, while the one-dimensional method failed to replicate participant’s backstroke position. This investigation indicates that a two-dimensional filtering method, using Y-forward and Z-vertical position data, can be used to create accurate, consistent, and smooth trajectories delivered by a robot arm.
Alkyne-to-alkene conversion in graphdiyne driving instant reversible deformation of whole carbon film
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Huang Changshui , Wang Kun , Qi Lu , Zhang Chunfang , Zhang Mingjia , Xue Yurui , Cui Yanguang , Li Yuliang
Published: October 2023

The emerging field of soft robotics demands the core actuators and related responsive functional materials with rapid responsiveness and controllable accurate deformation. Here, we developed an alkyne-to-alkene chemical bond conversion way as the driving force to control ultrasensitive and instant reversible deformation of 2D carbon graphdiyne (GDY) film with an asymmetric interface design. The alkyne-to-alkene chemical bond conversion was triggered by acetone through the fast binding and release process. The as-fabricated GDY-based deformation modulator was exhibited to rapidly change shape (within 0.15 seconds) while dipped in an acetone vapor atmosphere and recover to its original form when exposed to air (recovery time < 0.01 seconds), with outstanding properties like large curvature, quick recovery time, excellent stability, and repeatability. It could mimic the movement of mosquito larvae, displaying great promise as micro bionic soft robots. Our results suggest alkyne-to-alkene bond conversion as a unique driving force for developing smart materials for areas like intelligent robotics and bionics.
LncRNA EILA promotes CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance in breast cancer by stabilizing cyclin E1 protein
Authors: Cai Zijie , Shi Qianfeng , Li Yudong , Jin Liang , Li Shunying , Wong Lok Lam , Wang Jingru , Jiang Xiaoting , Zhu Mengdi , Lin Jinna , Wang Qi , Yang Wang , Liu Yujie , Zhang Jun , Gong Chang , Yao Herui , Yao Yandan , Liu Qiang
Published: October 2023

CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) plus endocrine therapy are now standard first-line therapy for advanced HR
+
/HER2
−
breast cancer, but developing resistance is just a matter of time in these patients. Here, we report that a cyclin E1–interacting lncRNA (EILA) is up-regulated in CDK4/6i-resistant breast cancer cells and contributes to CDK4/6i resistance by stabilizing cyclin E1 protein. EILA overexpression correlates with accelerated cell cycle progression and poor prognosis in breast cancer. Silencing EILA reduces cyclin E1 protein and restores CDK4/6i sensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, hairpin A of EILA binds to the carboxyl terminus of cyclin E1 protein and hinders its binding to FBXW7, thereby blocking its ubiquitination and degradation. EILA is transcriptionally regulated by CTCF/CDK8/TFII-I complexes and can be inhibited by CDK8 inhibitors. This study unveils the role of EILA in regulating cyclin E1 stability and CDK4/6i resistance, which may serve as a biomarker to predict therapy response and a potential therapeutic target to overcome resistance.
The non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-independent siderophore (NIS) rhizobactin produced by
Caballeronia mineralivorans
PML1(12) confers the ability to weather minerals
Authors: Blanco Nouche Cintia , Paris Cédric , Dhalleine Tiphaine , Oger Philippe , Turpault Marie-Pierre , Uroz Stéphane
Published: October 2023

To mobilize nutrients entrapped into minerals and rocks, heterotrophic bacteria living in nutrient-poor environments have developed different mechanisms based mainly on acidolysis and chelation. However, the genetic bases of these mechanisms remain unidentified. To fill this gap, we considered the model strain
Caballeronia mineralivorans
PML1(12) known to be effective at weathering. Based on its transcriptomics and proteomics responses in Fe-depleted conditions, we pointed a cluster of genes differentially expressed and putatively involved in the production of siderophores. In this study, we report the characterization of this gene region coding for the production of a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-independent siderophore (NIS). Targeted mutagenesis associated with functional assays and liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry demonstrated the production of a single siderophore, identified as rhizobactin. This siderophore represents the first NIS containing malic acid in its structure. The evidence for the implication of rhizobactin in mineral weathering was demonstrated during a hematite dissolution assay. This study provides the first demonstration of the synthesis of a NIS in the genus
Caballeronia
and its involvement in mineral weathering. Our conclusions reinforce the idea that strain PML1(12) is particularly well adapted to nutrient-poor environments.

IMPORTANCE

This work deciphers the molecular and genetic bases used by strain PML1(12) of
Caballeronia mineralivorans
to mobilize iron and weather minerals. Through the combination of bioinformatics, chemical, and phylogenetic analyses, we characterized the siderophore produced by strain PML1(12) and the related genes. This siderophore was identified as rhizobactin and classified as a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-independent siderophore (NIS). Contrary to the previously identified NIS synthetases that form siderophores containing citric acid, α-ketoglutarate, or succinic acid, our analyses revealed that rhizobactin contains malic acid in its structure, representing, therefore, the first identified NIS with such an acid and probably a new NIS category. Last, this work demonstrates for the first time the effectiveness at weathering minerals of a siderophore of the NIS family. Our findings offer relevant information for different fields of research, such as environmental genomics, microbiology, chemistry, and soil sciences.
Phenomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the sequential synthesis of Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles in
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
BYM
Authors: Yang Jiani , Zhang Shuang , Zhang Yu , Zhao Dan , Liu Tao , Sun Xindi , Yan Lei
Published: October 2023

Understanding the molecular mechanism of magnetite (Fe
3
O
4
) nanoparticle synthesis in
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
BYM is particularly important for the commercial development of biogenic Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles. The phenomic parameters such as intracellular iron content and number and size of Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles were significantly affected by different treatment conditions, i.e., FeSO
4
·7H
2
O concentrations (0, 40, and 80 g/L), growth times (12, 36, and 50 h), and magnetic field intensities (0.05, 3.5, and 15 mT) (
P
< 0.01). Transcriptome analysis revealed that 2,164, 1,587, and 1,061 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were accordingly detected, and 24 significant expression profiles were identified in
A. ferrooxidans
BYM under the three treatment conditions. The construction of gene regulatory networks for Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticle synthesis indicated that DEGs mainly enrich ion transport, oxidation-reduction process, membrane structure, signal transduction, and quorum sensing. The four modules were found to be significantly associated with Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticle phenomic parameters using a weighted gene co-expression network. Ten hub genes significantly correlated with Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticle phenomic parameters (
P
< 0.01) were finally selected from 24 eigengenes related to iron metabolism screened from these models. On the basis of the previous research results and the present study findings, we provide a hypothetical molecular model for Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticle synthesis mediated by these hub genes in
A. ferrooxidans
BYM comprising membrane formation, iron uptake and transport, iron redox, and crystal maturity. Our results will enable in-depth studies of Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticle synthesis in non-magnetotactic magnetosome-producing bacteria.

IMPORTANCE

As the most important non-magnetotactic magnetosome-producing bacteria,
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
only requires very mild conditions to produce Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles, thus conferring greater flexibility and potential application in biomagnetic nanoparticle production. However, the available information cannot explain the mechanism of Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticle formation in
A. ferrooxidans
. In this study, we applied phenomic and transcriptomic analyses to reveal this mechanism. We found that different treatment condition factors notably affect the phenomic data of Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticle in
A. ferrooxidans
. Using transcriptomic analyses, the gene network controlling/regulating Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticle biogenesis in
A. ferrooxidans
was proposed, excavating the candidate hub genes for Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticle formation in
A. ferrooxidans
. Based on this information, a sequential model for Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticle synthesis in
A. ferrooxidans
was hypothesized. It lays the groundwork for further clarifying the feature of Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticle synthesis.