bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Muscle-specific androgen receptor deletion shows limited actions in myoblasts but not in myofibers in different muscles in vivo
Authors: Rana Kesha , Chiu Maria W S , Russell Patricia K , Skinner Jarrod P , Lee Nicole K L , Fam Barbara C , Zajac Jeffrey D , MacLean Helen E
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the direct muscle cell-mediated actions of androgens by comparing two different mouse lines. The cre-loxP system was used to delete the DNA-binding activity of the androgen receptor (AR) in mature myofibers (MCK mARΔZF2) in one model and the DNA-binding activity of the AR in both proliferating myoblasts and myofibers (α-actin mARΔZF2) in another model. We found that hind-limb muscle mass was normal in MCK mARΔZF2mice and that relative mass of only some hind-limb muscles was reduced in α-actin mARΔZF2mice. This suggests that myoblasts and myofibers are not the major cellular targets mediating the anabolic actions of androgens on male muscle during growth and development. Levator ani muscle mass was decreased in both mouse lines, demonstrating that there is a myofiber-specific effect in this unique androgen-dependent muscle. We found that the pattern of expression of genes includingc-myc,Fzd4andIgf2is associated with androgen-dependent changes in muscle mass; therefore, these genes are likely to be mediators of anabolic actions of androgens. Further research is required to identify the major targets of androgen actions in muscle, which are likely to include indirect actions via other tissues.
Effect of heart failure on catecholamine granule morphology and storage in chromaffin cells
Authors: Mahata Sushil K , Zheng Hong , Mahata Sumana , Liu Xuefei , Patel Kaushik P
Published: July 2016

One of the key mechanisms involved in sympathoexcitation in chronic heart failure (HF) is the activation of the adrenal glands. Impact of the elevated catecholamines on the hemodynamic parameters has been previously demonstrated. However, studies linking the structural effects of such overactivation with secretory performance and cell metabolism in the adrenomedullary chromaffin cells in vivo have not been previously reported. In this study, HF was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by ligation of the left coronary artery. Five weeks after surgery, cardiac function was assessed by ventricular hemodynamics. HF rats showed increased adrenal weight and adrenal catecholamine levels (norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine) compared with sham-operated rats. Rats with HF demonstrated increased small synaptic and dense core vesicle in splanchnic–adrenal synapses indicating trans-synaptic activation of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes, increased endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi lumen width to meet the demand of increased catecholamine synthesis and release, and more mitochondria with dilated cristae and glycogen to accommodate for the increased energy demand for the increased biogenesis and exocytosis of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla. These findings suggest that increased trans-synaptic activation of the chromaffin cells within the adrenal medulla may lead to increased catecholamines in the circulation which in turn contributes to the enhanced neurohumoral drive, providing a unique mechanistic insight for enhanced catecholamine levels in plasma commonly observed in chronic HF condition.
Соціально-економічні підсумки першої декади ХХI століття: глобальні асиметрії та диспропорції розвитку країн світу
Authors: Chernega O. B. , Bocharova Y. G.
Published: July 2016

Здійснено аналіз сучасних особливостей прояву глобальних асиметрій та дис-пропорцій соціально-економічного розвитку, визначено найбільш суттєві «розриви» між бідними та багатими країнами.
Особливості розвитку інноваційного середовища в Україні в умовах глобальної конкуренції
Authors: Bilyk R. S.
Published: July 2016

Трансформація економіки України зумовлює необхідність всебічного аналізу її впливу на сфери економічної діяльності, оскільки глибина трансформаційних процесів має суттєві відмінності. У зв’язку з цим особливо важливе інноваційне середовище, від розвитку якого значною мірою залежить конкурентоспроможність національної економіки, темпи та якість економічного розвитку. Аналіз особливостей трансформаційних змін середовища, насамперед у інноваційній сфері України, особливо актуальний в умовах глобальної конкуренції.

Мета статті полягає у дослідженні розвитку глобального інноваційного середовища, розробці та науковому обґрунтуванні напрямів забезпечення національних інноваційних конкурентних переваг, визначенні можливостей використання інтеграційних процесів для активізації міжнародного інноваційно-інвестиційного співробітництва. Для досягнення поставленої мети застосовано такі методи: абстрактно-логічний, структурно-логічний, порівняльний та статистичний.

Досліджено особливості інноваційного розвитку в Україні в умовах посилення глобальної конкуренції. Вивчено трансформаційні зміни у розвитку інвестиційно-інноваційного середовища в Україні, що дало можливість визначити реальний стан її інноваційної привабливості. Інноваційний розвиток розглянуто як самовідтворювальну основу для формування нових моделей економічної динаміки, модернізації національного господарства, технологічної конвергенції України у світовий економічний простір, збереження інтелектуального потенціалу.

Дослідження трансформації інноваційного розвитку та відповідності ринкових перетворень ефективності суспільного виробництва показало, що на інноваційну привабливість України значно впливає не лише загальний стан національної економіки, а й умови ведення бізнесу.

Практичне значення дослідження полягає у тому, що виконання сформульованих стратегічних завдань у інноваційній сфері дозволить національній економіці вирішити питання забезпечення істотного росту валового продукту, підвищити інвестиційну привабливість, створити умови для розвитку сучасних і залучення нових великих компаній, створювати нові сектори економіки в сфері малого та середнього інноваційного бізнесу, сформувати кластери інноваційних підприємств, забезпечити інтеграцію науки, влади та бізнесу.

Подальшого детального вивчення потребують питання трансформації інноваційного розвитку в контексті подолання кризи конкурентоспроможності національної економіки, відповідності ринкових перетворень ефективності суспільного виробництва.

Бібл. 17.
Застосування теорії трансакційних витрат у контексті реформування податкової системи України
Authors: Zinchenko O. A.
Published: July 2016

Останнім часом спостерігається стрімкий розвиток неоінституціональної економічної теорії, що включає, зокрема, теорію трансакційних витрат. У західній економічній науці ця теорія широко застосовується в дослідженні діяльності громадського сектора. До однієї з трансакцій громадського сектора можна віднести й оподаткування.

Мета дослідження – обґрунтування підходів теорії трансакційних витрат щодо податкового менеджменту в умовах реформування системи державного урядування України та поступової інтеграції до європейських структур. Використано загальнонаукові методи: пізнання, системного аналізу, аналізу та синтезу, а також порівняння.

Досліджено оподаткування як певний акт угоди між державою та бізнесом. Поповнюючи державний бюджет за рахунок податкових надходжень, держава вирішує важливі питання соціально-економічного розвитку та має ресурс для свого функціонування. Підприємці зацікавлені в забезпеченні держави фінансовими ресурсами, оскільки держава – постачальник суспільних благ і ефективна структура регулювання ділової активності. Доведено, що відносини між державою та бізнесом мають трансакційний характер. При цьому податки розглянуто як певні трансакційні витрати, тобто плата за користування суспільними благами й інституціями, що регулюють ділові відносини та встановлюють «правила гри» на ринку.

Обґрунтовано, що теорія трансакційних витрат дає змогу комплексно дослідити взаємодію державних структур з платниками податків з урахуванням невизначеності, інформаційної асиметрії, обмеженої раціональності, опортуністичної поведінки, специфічності інтересів, контрактних ризиків тощо. Установлено, що саме ця теорія дає повну характеристику взаємного співробітництва між владою та бізнесом у процесі формування податкової політики та реалізації функцій податкового менеджменту.

Наукову новизну дослідження забезпечує запропонована теорія трансакційних витрат для наукового обґрунтування податкового менеджменту в період структурних перетворень економіки.

Практичним результатом є застосування інституціональних підходів до формування напрямів реформування податкової системи України та її переходу від суто фіскальної до інвестиційної моделі з урахуванням усіх учасників процесу оподаткування, а також сприянням подоланню суперечностей між ними та опортунізму в поведінці.

Перспективним напрямом подальших досліджень у цій сфері є застосування неоінституціонального підходу на мікрорівні для аналізу трансакцій між платниками податків та державними структурами, а також подолання інформаційної асиметрії в процесі реалізації функцій податкового менеджменту.
A Clostridium difficile onkológiai vonatkozásai
Authors: Telekes András
Published: July 2016

Clostridium difficile infection is one of the most frequent among cancer patients. Its diagnosis is complicated by the fact that the symptoms of the infection and the side effects of the anticancer treatments could be similar. Chemotherapy itself might facilitate Clostridium difficile infection. Several risk factors are known but Clostridium difficile infection can develop in the absence of these. Neutreopenia is a risk factor for fatal Clostridium difficile infection and also the side effect of chemotherapy. Therefore, if symptoms of the potential infection develop (eg. diarrhoea more than three times a day, fever above 38.5 °C, colitis, rapid increase of serum creatinin) Clostridium difficile infection should be excluded. If the infection is confirmed it should be managed in the most efficient way. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(28), 1110–1116.
Az interdiszciplináris rehabilitáció hatása spondylitis ankylopoeticában szenvedő betegekben
Authors: Hegedűs Béla , Varga János , Somfay Attila
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Complex pulmonary assessment related to respiratory manifestation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis may contribute to adaptation of an appropriate rehabilitation program. Aim: To examine the relationship between lung function, exercise physiological variables and change in quality of life after rehabilitation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Method: 5 patients in Seyfried’s Stage 2 and 11 patients in Stage 3 underwent spinal physiotherapy, ultrasound, massage and paraffin Pack, 15 times each, followed by a high-intensity cycling 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Indexes were recorded before and after rehabilitation. Lung function with exercise physiological variables were examined after rehabilitation. Results: Both indexes showed a post-treatment significant improvement compared to the initial scores (p<0.05). These functional indices correlated with lung function at rest and physiological variables during exercise (p<0.05). Conclusions: Based on this study, it is possible that an initial pulmonary assessment may serve to develop a more effective program for ankylosing spondylitis. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(28), 1126–1132.
Az örökletes emlőrák szűrésének, megelőzésének és kezelésének új nemzetközi irányvonalai – hazai vonatkozásokkal
Authors: Romics László , Kocsis Judit , Ormándi Katalin , Molnár Béla Ákos
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Screening, prevention and treatment of familial breast cancer require a multidisciplinary approach. New guidelines were published in the United Kingdom for the management of familial breast cancer. Aim: The authors summarise these new guidelines and analyse the relevant practice in Hungary. Method: Relevant guidelines of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and Familial Breast Cancer Report (NHS Scotland) are described. Results: New guidelines will increase the number of genetic tests as well as genetic counselling. An increase in the number of breast magnetic resonance imaging is expected, too. Chemoprevention can be offered for individuals with medium risk and above. Promising trials are underway with platinum based chemotherapy and polyADP-ribose polimerase inhibitors for the systemic treatment of familial breast cancer. The increase in the number of genetic tests, counselling, and breast magnetic resonance imaging may have a significant impact on health care budget. Conclusions: These guidelines will change some aspects of the current management of familial breast cancer. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(28), 1117–1125.
Egészségügyi dolgozók ellen elkövetett agresszív cselekmények
Authors: Irinyi Tamás , Németh Anikó
Published: July 2016

Violence against health care providers is getting more awareness nowadays. These are usually deliberate actions committed by patients or family members of them resulting in short and long term physical or psychological debilitating harm in the staff members. The causes of the violent acts are usually rooted in patient-related factors, although some characteristics of the professionals and of the workplace may also play some role. The present article presents different definitions of violence and possible reasons for violence against health care providers based on relevant international and national literature. The paper discusses the different forms and frequency of violence, furthermore, details about the effects, consequences and some options for prevention in health care settings are also included. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(28), 1105–1109.
A kórházak jövője, a jövő kórházai
Authors: Illés S. Tamás
Published: July 2016

By the end of the 20th century the vertically organized hospitals formed into a closed hierarchical system, in which the healthcare supply significantly fragmented. The existing hospitals in the current organization are not prepared for the increase in longevity, nor for the high growth in the number of chronic and long-term illnesses and the multi-morbidity since they were not designed for extended carry treatments. The fast incorporation of high-tech and very expensive technologies into healthcare generates an economic crisis. Solving the supply and economic crisis at the same time cannot be achieved without changing the structure of hospitals. Future hospitals will be organized in a network, conducting special treatments according to disease profiles. According to present knowledge, this is the only structure that allows for economies in scale, the proper spending of the ever-shrinking resources, and to ensure the effective patient care required after the changing of disorder structures and patient corporate identities. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(28), 1099–1104.
ABOUT TRACK CIRCUIT CALCULATION METHOD DEPENDENT ON FERROMAGNET PROPERTIES IN CONDITIONS OF TRACTION CURRENT NOISE INFLUENCE
Authors: Zhuravlev A. Yu.
Published: July 2016

Purpose. The work is intended to investigate the electromagnetic processes in impedance bond in order to improve noise immunity of track circuits (TC) for safe railway operation. Methodology. To achieve this purpose the methods of scientific analysis, mathematical modelling, experimental study, a large-scale simulation were used. Findings. The work examined the interference affecting the normal performance of track circuits. To a large extent, part of track circuit damages account for failures in track circuit equipment. Track circuit equipment is connected directly to the track line susceptible to traction current interference, which causes changes in its electrical characteristics and electromagnetic properties. Normal operability, performance of the main operating modes of the track circuit is determined by previous calculation of its performance and compilation of regulatory tables. The classical method for determination of track circuit parameters was analysed. The classical calculation method assumes representation of individual sections of the electrical track circuit using the quadripole network with known coefficients, usually in the A-form. Determining the coefficients of linear element circuit creates no metrological or mathematical difficulties. However, in circuits containing nonlinear ferromagnets (FM), obtaining the coefficients on the entire induction change range in the cores is quite a difficult task because the classical methods of idling (I) and short circuit (SC) are not acceptable. This leads to complicated methods for determining both the module and the arguments of quadripole network coefficients. Instead of the classical method, the work proposed the method for calculating the track circuit dependent on nonlinear properties of ferromagnets. Originality. The article examines a new approach to the calculation of TC taking into account the losses in ferromagnets (FM), without determination of equivalent circuit quadripole network coefficients. When building the FM reversal model in parallel magnetic fields, the most accurate methods are the approximation ones that take into account not only the changes in values and over time, but also their derivatives. The development of computer hardware and software makes real the mathematical methods for calculating TC with significant change in ferromagnetic inductance, including the saturation areas. Herewith, it is important to search for approximating analytical expression that describes the dynamic limit hysteresis loop (HL). Practical value. The changes in the electrical parameters of the same TC were analysed using the classical and the new calculation methods, the difference made less than 10%. The work introduced some measures to increase operational noise immunity of TC.
REPAIR TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT OF SPECIALIZED FREIGHT CARS
Authors: Bubnov V. M. , Kebal I. Yu. , Mankevych M. B.
Published: July 2016

Purpose. The volume of cargo transportation demands the introduction of a new generation of cars that would be able to provide all the needs of carriers. But this is impossible without the implementation of renovation repair facilities with the introduction of new technologies and modernization of the repair process. Repair of rolling stock is a key factor that must proceed with the establishment of new cars, as not all of the inventions may be repaired in car-repair depots, most of which are obsolete. The purpose is to analyze the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the repair process by introducing new repair technologies or improving the existing ones. It will improve not only the quality of the repair, but also its rate. Methodology. Works on improving the designs of freight cars are held by many design organizations in almost all industrialized countries. It makes repair organizations (depots and car-repair plants) to upgrade the repair process. Achievements of-this goal is possible by improving the technology renovation and reorganization through the use of flexible flow technologies, which to date are the most effective in the repair of rolling stock. Findings. When performing the analysis it was determined that there are different designs of cars. More of cars are all-purpose and their repair does not cause difficulties for car-repair business. However, the number of specialized cars is also significant, and the technology of their repair should be improved. One of the reasons is that many models, such as tank wagons for the carriage of sulfur, are intended for the carriage of dangerous goods and their failure at the time of motion is not permitted. Originality. Firstly the authors have defined direction at improving technologies of repair specialized cars. Practical value. Actual improvement in the construction of cars is to improve the existing repair facilities. In addition, the repair technology using nowadays when repairing cars is obsolete and requires improvement. Considered organization of the repair process is of practical value and can be used both in-time development of new repair facilities and the modernization of existing ones.
CORRELATION BETWEEN TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS AND BASIC PROPERTIES OF MECHANICALLY ACTIVATED FINE CONCRETES
Authors: Bolshakov V. I. , Yelisieieva M. O. , Shcherbak S. A.
Published: July 2016

Purpose. The article highlights research of the influence of fine concrete composition based on blast-furnace slag on general material properties. Time of the concrete treatment in the mixer activator is included to the influence research. Methodology. There was realized full factor experiment of 22 type with following variables: cement versus blast-furnace granulose slag ratio (X1) and time of the treatment in the mixer-activator (X2). Controlled properties are: early concrete strength (Y1=f7 day), normal concrete strength (Y2=f28 day) and average density of the concrete (Y3=ρ), hardened in normal conditions. Findings. Regress model analysis showed that decrease of the aggregate volume in concrete and increase of the mixing time grows up the strength and density of concrete. Different composition of the concrete also significantly affects concrete properties. Thus, for the same treatment time normal concrete strength at 28-day-old reduces by about 30% for compositions proportions 1:3 and 1:4, by 22% between a 1:4 and 1:5 and by 13% for 1:5 and 1:6 cases. The same behavior is obtained for early concrete strength. Density of concrete is not influenced and influence curve is almost flat. The difference between density values for different composition proportions 1:3 and 1:9 is 7.6% at equal mixture time. The increment of mixture processing time of 6 s increase normal concrete strength at 28-day-old about 7-8 % for all compositions in the studied range. Early strength values differ by 12-14 % between treatment time 30 and 36 seconds respectively. Every next six second increase step in treatment time reduce this difference by 1% for every mix compositions. There is practically no change of concrete density during the mixture time varying. Total change is 1-2% for 6 s in the entire research range for all compositions. Originality. For the first time the regression equations were determined, linking the duration of the activation of fine-grained concrete mix and its composition with the basic properties of concrete. Practical value. Regression equations and graphical surface can provide required concrete composition for the established early and normal concrete strength as well as concrete density.
THE AUTOMATIC SYSTEM’S MODEL OF DECISION-MAKING SUPPORT FOR DISPATCHING CONTROL OF THE CITY PASSENGER TRAFFIC
Authors: Lakhno V. A. , Sobchenko V. M.
Published: July 2016

Purpose. This scientific work considers the further development of mathematical models and algorithms for automatic decision support for dispatching management of the city passenger traffic. Methodology. Systems of dispatching management for the city passenger transport are to provide the carrying out of the routes according schedules with minimal deviations from the planned ones through the using of appropriate control actions. The systems’ algorithm focuses on the selection of control actions that compensate the disturbances. It is proposed to use the index of the waiting time minimum for passengers of buses and taxis at stops as a criterion for evaluating of dispatching control systems work. Findings. Based on the conducted analysis of the research within the existing theory of traffic flow of vehicles, it was proposed the model for the system of dispatching management for urban passenger moving units considering the effect of the most important stochastic factors on the schedule of buses and taxis movement in large cities. The obtained system of equations that models the parameter of movement on the bus routes allows you to assess quickly the influence of disturbing effects on the service quality indicators of passengers and, if necessary, to draw up the optimal schedule. Originality. The authors propose a new model for decision support of dispatching management for the city passenger transport. They take into account the effect of the most important stochastic factors, such as the overflowing buses and taxis, their descent from the lines, delays, deviations from the speed limit on the route, etc., on indicators of service quality, as well as optimizing the schedule. Practical value. The results allow to improve approaches to building models using in the systems of dispatching management of urban bus routes, as well as to improve the selection of control actions for similar systems in large cities of Ukraine.
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PERMISSIBLE TRAIN SPEED ON THE CURVED TURNOUTS
Authors: Patlasov O. M. , Tokariev S. O. , Patlasov Ye. O.
Published: July 2016

Purpose. Turnouts play a key role in the railway transportation process. One-sided and many-sided curved turnouts were railed over the last 20 years in difficult conditions (curved sections, yard necks). They have a number of geometric features, unlike the conventional one-sided turnouts. Today the normative documents prohibit laying such turnouts in curved track sections and only partially regulate the assessment procedure of their real condition. The question of establishment the permissible train speed within the curved turnouts is still open. In this regard, authors propose to set the train speed according to the driving comfort criterion using the results of field measurements of ordinates from the baseline for the particular curved turnout. Methodology. The article considers the criteria using which one can set the permissible speed on the turnouts. It defines the complexity of their application, advantages and disadvantages. Findings. The work analyzes the speed distribution along the length of the real curved turnout for the forward and lateral directions. It establishes the change rate values of unbalanced accelerations for the existing norms of the curved track sections maintenance according to the difference in the adjacent bend versine at speeds up to 160 km/h. Originality. A method for establishing the trains’ speed limit within the curved turnouts was developed. It takes into account the actual geometric position in the plan of forward and lateral turnout directions. This approach makes it possible to establish a barrier places in plan on the turnouts limiting the train speed. Practical value. The proposed method makes it possible to objectively assess and set the trains’ permissible speed on the basis of the ordinate measurement of the forward and lateral directions of the curved turnouts from the baseline using the driving comfort criteria. The method was tested using real turnouts, which are located within the Pridneprovsk Railway.
INFLUENCE OF SELF-TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON STRENGTH OF RAILWAY WHEEL DISK AFTER ACCELERATED COOLING
Authors: Vakulenko L. I. , Bolotova D. M. , Proydak S. V. , Grischenko M. A. , Vakulenko I. O.
Published: July 2016

Purpose. The paper aims at estimation of resource of strength increase for railway wheel disk. Methodology. The material for research was carbon steel of railway wheel containing 0.57%C, 0.65%Si, 0.45%Mn, 0.0029%S, 0,014%P, 0,11%Cr. A railway wheel was heated to the temperatures above  and was held at this temperature until the completion of аustenite homogenization processes and then the disk was cooled at a growing rate to a certain temperature. A temperature interval of completion of the speed-up wheel disk cooling was 200-450C. Structure was studied with the use of research methods under electronic and light microscopes. After accelerated cooling the estimation of metal structure imperfection degree was carried out with the use of X-ray structural analysis method. The stress and yielding limit of carbon steel were determined at tension, at a speed of deformation . The microhardness of steel structural components was estimated using the microhardness tester of PMT-3 type. Findings. The properties complex of railway wheel carbon steel depending on the temperature of the accelerated cooling termination is determined by the correlation of soften and work-hardening processes development. The effect of work-hardening is based on blocking of mobile dislocations due to a precipitation carbon atoms and dispersion work-hardening from the formed particles of carbidic phase. At the temperatures of the accelerated cooling termination of carbon steel higher than 300-350C the decrease rate of strength properties is determined by the exceeding of total soften effect from disintegration of solid solution, acceleration of spheroidithation and coalescence of cementite particles above the dislocations blocking by the carbon atoms and dispersion work-hardening. Originality. Authors proved that the strength level of the railway wheel carbon steel from the temperature of accelerated cooling completion is determined by the influence ratio of the solid solution satiety degree and dispersion work-hardening from a carbidic phase. For the temperatures of accelerated cooling termination 200-300C a decrease of solid solution satiety degree is a basic factor, which determines the level of the strength characteristic. Practical value. When making the whole-rolled railway wheel one can increase the strength limit of disk metal using the accelerated cooling to the middle interval of temperatures, which was successfully proven by authors.
Prescrição de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados para idosos: um estudo transversal em instituição psiquiátrica
Authors: Andrade Kaio Vinicius Freitas de , Silva Filho Cintya da , Junqueira Letícia Lima
Published: July 2016

RESUMO Objetivo Estimar a frequência de prescrição de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPIs) para idosos institucionalizados em um hospital psiquiátrico. Métodos Estudo descritivo, transversal, baseado em análise de prescrições médicas para indivíduos com 65 anos ou mais (n = 40), elaboradas no mês de janeiro de 2013 e coletadas de prontuários médicos, em uma instituição hospitalar pública especializada em saúde mental. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas relativas ao idoso. Os medicamentos prescritos foram categorizados, pelos Critérios de Beers (CB), em: 1) MPIs que devem ser evitados em qualquer condição clínica; 2) MPIs nas condições clínicas identificadas no estudo; 3) medicamentos que devem ser utilizados com precaução em idosos. Resultados Houve predomínio do sexo feminino (62,5%, n = 25/40). Em relação à idade, a média foi de 73 anos (66-93 anos). O tempo médio de internamento foi de 15 anos, e o principal diagnóstico foi de esquizofrenia (56,4%; n = 22/39). A prevalência de polifarmácia foi de 70%. Os medicamentos mais prescritos foram prometazina e haloperidol. Em relação aos CB, observou-se que 40,2% (n = 90/224) dos medicamentos prescritos foram classificados como MPIs em qualquer condição clínica; 38,8% (n = 87/224) foram considerados como MPIs em determinadas condições clínicas e 23,7% (n = 53/224) pertenciam à categoria dos medicamentos que devem ser utilizados com cautela em idosos. Conclusão Obteve-se elevada prevalência de MPIs para idosos, quando comparada com estudos semelhantes. Os CBs contribuíram para a análise das prescrições, possibilitando a identificação de medicamentos que podem potencializar os riscos de desenvolvimento de iatrogenias ou agravamento de patologias preexistentes.
Síntese de MgAl2O4 por combustão assistida por micro-ondas: influência dos parâmetros de síntese na formação e na estrutura cristalina
Authors: Medeiros R. L. B. A. , Macedo H. P. , Oliveira A. A. S. , Melo V. R. M. , Carvalho A. F. M. , Melo M. A. F. , Melo D. M. A.
Published: July 2016

Resumo Nos últimos anos a técnica de combustão assistida por micro-ondas vem recebendo uma atenção especial, por ser uma técnica rápida, de baixo custo e de fácil manuseio, que permite obter materiais com boa homogeneidade química. O aluminato de magnésio (MgAl2O4) é um dos mais bem conhecidos materiais cerâmicos devido às suas excelentes propriedades, como alto ponto de fusão, elevada resistência mecânica em altas temperaturas, boa resistência ao choque térmico e resistência a ácidos e bases. O propósito deste trabalho é avaliar a influência da razão combustível/oxidante (Rco), temperatura de calcinação (Tcal) e da potência do micro-ondas (Pmic) na formação e na estrutura cristalina do MgAl2O4. Para realizar a reação de combustão foram utilizadas três potências (450, 675 e 900 W) e três razões combustível/oxidante (0,8:1, 1:1 e 1,2:1). O material foi calcinado em três temperaturas (700, 800 e 900 ºC) e foram realizadas análises de difração de raios X e microscopia eletrônica por varredura. Um planejamento fatorial 23 foi utilizado para avaliar a influência da Rco, Tcal e Pmic nos parâmetros como a cristalinidade e o tamanho de cristalito. Os resultados mostram que para os MgAl2O4 sintetizados com Rco maiores que 1:1 e Pmic menores que 675 W são obtidos tamanhos de cristalito entre 10 e 20 nm quando calcinados a 700 e 800 ºC. Com relação ao grau de cristalinidade, somente a Tcal exerce uma influência significativa.
Alterações anatômicas do sistema vascular em porta-enxertos de videira
Authors: Santarosa Emiliano , Souza Paulo Vitor Dutra de , Mariath Jorge Ernesto de Araújo , Lourosa Gil Vicente
Published: July 2016

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência de alterações do padrão de vascularização de porta-enxertos de videira. Utilizaram-se os genótipos Paulsen 1103 (Vitis berlandieri x Vitis rupestris), MGT 101-14 (Vitis riparia x V. rupestris) e SO4 (V. berlandieri x V. riparia). O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com três tratamentos (genótipos) e dez plantas por parcela. Avaliaram-se as variáveis de crescimento vegetativo dos porta-enxertos e, por meio de cortes histológicos realizados no ápice, na porção mediana e na base dos ramos, as anatômicas. As diferenças no sistema vascular tornaram-se maiores do ápice para a base dos ramos. Os genótipos SO4 e Paulsen 1103 apresentaram maior área de xilema na base dos ramos, 2,61 e 2,51 mm2, respectivamente, e maior diâmetro dos vasos, 45,8 e 47,2 μm, respectivamente, em comparação ao MGT 101-14 que apresentou 1,60 mm2 de xilema e 34,1 μm de diâmetro dos vasos. Ocorreram modificações também na frequência dos vasos. A área de xilema, o diâmetro e a frequência dos vasos estão relacionados ao crescimento vegetativo dos porta-enxertos. As alterações do padrão de vascularização podem ser um critério para a escolha de porta-enxertos, em razão de sua influência sobre os processos fisiológicos.
Manure effect on the incidence of rose diseases in the Integrated Production System
Authors: Ribeiro Márcia NO , Almeida Elka FA , Reis Simone N , Carvalho Livia M , Figueiredo Júnia RM , Ribeiro Júnior Pedro M
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Deficiency, excess or imbalance in the combinations of nutritional elements can influence the response of plants to pathogen infection by either increasing the level of defense or favoring the occurrence of diseases. The rose is susceptible to several pathogens and the consumer market requires flower stalks with no level of damage. Therefore, in the production of roses the application of pesticides is performed in a preventive and intensive way, which causes environmental contamination. This study evaluated the effects of chemical fertilization management and intercropping with green manure on the incidence and severity of downy mildew and powdery mildew in rosebushes grown in an Integrated Production System. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with 'Carolla' rosebushes. The experimental design was a randomized block with split plot in space, with eight treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of four percentages of chemical fertilizer (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%), based on fertilization recommended for culture of rosebushes in the state of Minas Gerais, versus the presence or absence of green manure (Calopogonium mucunoides). Treatments that did not receive 100% of the chemical fertilizer had been incremented with two types of bio-fertilizers applied monthly, Bokashi (16 g/plant, applied to soil) and Supermagro (5% applied to leaves). Assessments of disease were carried out weekly on the central leaves of the productive flower stalks. In the integrated management of disease, preventive applications were made with alternative products and biological pesticides, such as neem oil (Azadirachta indica), sodium bicarbonate, bordeaux mixture, infusion of Equisetum sp., raw milk, silicon and bio-fertilizers. The alternative pesticides were efficient; however, despite reducing the frequency of application, spraying with chemical pesticides was necessary. None of the treatments related to chemical fertilization and intercropping with green manure influenced the incidence and severity of downy mildew and powdery mildew in 'Carolla' rosebushes.
Chromosome 17p Homodisomy Is Associated With Better Outcome in 1p19q Non-Codeleted and IDH-Mutated Gliomas
Authors: Labussière Marianne , Rahimian Amithys , Giry Marine , Boisselier Blandine , Schmitt Yohann , Polivka Marc , Mokhtari Karima , Delattre Jean-Yves , Idbaih Ahmed , Labreche Karim , Alentorn Agusti , Sanson Marc
Published: July 2016

Background.

The 1p19q non-codeleted gliomas with IDH mutation, defined as “molecular astrocytomas,” display frequent TP53 mutations and have an intermediate prognosis. We investigated the prognostic impact of copy number-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CNLOH) in 17p in this population.

Methods.

We analyzed 793 gliomas (206 grade II, 377 grade III, and 210 grade IV) by single nucleotide polymorphism array and for TP53 mutations.

Results.

Homodisomy revealed by CNLOH was observed in 156 cases (19.7%). It was more frequent in astrocytomas and oligoastrocytomas (98/256, 38%) than oligodendrogliomas (28/327, 8.6%; p < .0001) or glioblastoma multiforme (30/210, 14.3%; p < .0001), tightly associated with TP53 mutation (69/71 vs. 20/79; p = 2 × 10−16), and mutually exclusive with 1p19q codeletion (1/156 vs. 249/556; p < .0001). In the group of IDH-mutated 1p19q non-codeleted gliomas, CNLOH 17p was associated with longer survival (86.3 vs. 46.2 months; p = .004), particularly in grade III gliomas (overall survival >100 vs. 37.9 months; p = .007). These data were confirmed in an independent dataset from the Cancer Genome Atlas.

Conclusion.

CNLOH 17p is a prognostic marker and further refines the molecular classification of gliomas.
Management of Adverse Events Following Treatment With Anti-Programmed Death-1 Agents
Authors: Weber Jeffrey S. , Postow Michael , Lao Christopher D. , Schadendorf Dirk
Published: July 2016

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as a mainstay of melanoma therapy and are playing an increasingly important role in the treatment of other tumor types. The clinical benefit afforded by these treatments can be accompanied by a unique spectrum of adverse events, called immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which reflect the drug’s immune-based mechanism of action. IrAEs typically originate in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and endocrine system, although other organ systems may also be affected. This article provides an overview of irAEs associated with anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1) antibodies (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) as monotherapy or in combination with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 inhibition (ipilimumab), followed by a discussion of irAEs of special clinical interest based on the potential for morbidity, frequent steroid use, and inpatient admission. We review clinical trial data and provide recommendations on how to manage irAEs associated with anti-PD-1 agents based on clinical experience and established management guidelines. We further illustrate the practical considerations of managing irAEs by presenting three cases of immune-related toxicity in melanoma patients treated with nivolumab or pembrolizumab. A better understanding of the identification and management of irAEs will help inform health care providers about the risks associated with anti-PD-1 treatment, to ensure the safe and appropriate use of these important new treatments.
Cancer Control in Central and Eastern Europe: Current Situation and Recommendations for Improvement
Authors: Vrdoljak Eduard , Bodoky Gyorgy , Jassem Jacek , Popescu Razvan A. , Mardiak Jozef , Pirker Robert , Čufer Tanja , Bešlija Semir , Eniu Alexandru , Todorović Vladimir , Kubáčková Kateřina , Kurteva Galia , Tomašević Zorica , Sallaku Agim , Smichkoska Snezhana , Bajić Žarko , Šikić Branimir I.
Published: July 2016

The incidence of many cancers is higher in Western European (WE) countries, but mortality is frequently higher in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. A panel of oncology leaders from CEE countries participating in the South Eastern European Research Oncology Group (SEEROG) was formed in 2015, aiming to analyze the current status and trends of oncology care in CEE and to propose recommendations leading to improved care and outcomes. The SEEROG panel, meeting during the 11th Central European Oncology Congress, proposed the following: (a) national cancer control plans (NCCPs) required in all CEE countries, defining priorities in cancer care, including finance allocation considering limited health care budgets; (b) national cancer registries, describing in detail epidemiological trends; (c) efforts to strengthen comprehensive cancer centers; (d) that multidisciplinary care should be mandated by the NCCPs; (e) that smaller hospitals should be connected to multidisciplinary tumor boards via the Internet, providing access to specialized expertise; (f) nationwide primary prevention programs targeting smoking, obesity, and alcohol consumption and centrally evaluated secondary prevention programs for cervical, colorectal, and breast cancers; (g) prioritize education for all involved in cancer care, including oncology nurses, general practitioners, and palliative care providers; (h) establish outpatient care in day hospitals to reduce costs associated with the current inpatient model of care in CEE countries and to improve patients’ quality of life; (i) long-term pharmacoeconomic evaluations of new therapies in CEE countries; (j) increase national oncology budgets in view of the higher mortality rates in CEE compared with WE countries; and (k) CEE countries urgently need help from the European Union to increase and monitor overall investment in cancer care.
Fractal crushing of carbonate sands under impact loading
Authors: Xiao Y. , Liu H. , Xiao P. , Xiang J.
Published: July 2016

Carbonate sands are widely used in coastal engineering for foundation and embankment. Impact loading could be encountered during driving piles or compacting foundations, which could lead to large grain crushing and changes in grain size distribution. Fractal grading and crushing of carbonate sands were investigated through impact loading tests. The fractal grading uplifted as grains crushed. The fractal dimension and mean diameter decreased with decreasing the specimen height or increasing the input work, while the grain crushing increased with decreasing the specimen height or increasing the input work. It was observed from the test results that the fractal grading of carbonate sand under impact loadings could be intrinsically pertaining to the grain crushing.
A Review of Beliefs, Agency and Identity in Foreign Language Learning and Teaching
Authors: Pappa Sotiria
Published: July 2016

This publication is comprised of seven empirical studies on beliefs, agency and identity as a response to the need for contextual, longitudinal and interconnected studies in foreign language learning and teaching. The underpinning argument of the book is that our beliefs about foreign language learning inform our actions, while both beliefs and actions affect our sense of self, our identity. This holds true for students and their learning as much as for teachers and their teaching. Building on former studies within contextual approaches, beliefs, agency and identity are presented as interconnected phenomena. As such, they are addressed by various theoretical starting points and data of longitudinal nature, ranging from 3 to 15 years. The emic (insider) perspective taken to examine the subjective experiences of participants is complemented by the qualitative and interpretative approach to data collection and analysis. The book primarily aims at a deeper understanding of the role of beliefs in foreign language learning. Secondly, it aims at learning about the beliefs held by specific groups of Finnish and Brazilian individuals involved in teaching and learning foreign languages. After two introductory chapters, the book is structured in storyline fashion, transitioning from young learners (Part I, two studies) to student teachers (Part II, three studies) to in-service teachers (Part III, two studies). A critical evaluation of the reported studies and the overall contributions of the book are discussed in the concluding chapter.
A influência do método pilates na musculatura do assoalho pélvico em mulheres no climatério: estudo de caso
Authors: Bertoldi Josiane Teresinha , Medeiros Ariane Maiara , Goulart Sabrina Oliveira
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: avaliar a influência dos exercícios do método Pilates na força de contração da musculatura do assoalho pélvico (MAP) e na qualidade de vida (QV) de mulheres no climatério. Método: amostra composta por duas mulheres (1) e (2), com 50 e 48 anos respectivamente, sem disfunção da MAP. A pré e pós-avaliação foi composta pelos protocolos: avaliação visual funcional (AFA), teste dos cones vaginais (TCV), teste de força com perineômetro modelo perina, quark® para fibras rápidas (TPFR) e para fibras lentas (TPFL), e avaliação da QV com o Women´s Health Questionnaire (WHQ). O tratamento consistiu em 10 sessões de 50 minutos, 03 vezes por semana, compostas por exercícios selecionados do método Pilates. Resultados: AFA e TCV o grau de força foi máximo no pré e pós-teste, entretanto notou-se melhora da contração isolada da MAP; no TPFR houve incremento de força de 45,83% (1) e 362,50% (2), no TPFL o ganho foi de 82,43% (1) e 209,38% (2); no WHQ houve variação positiva nas dimensões: sintomas somáticos, vasomotores, menstruais, atratividade e depressão. Considerações finais: o método Pilates promove aumento da força de contração da MAP, com discreta influência na autopercepção da QV de mulheres no período do climatério, sem patologias associadas.
Impacto do Método Pilates na qualidade de vida dos praticantes
Authors: Bertoldi Josiane Teresinha , Tesser Rafael , Damaceno Mayara Dos santos
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: avaliar o impacto do Método Pilates (MP) na qualidade de vida (QV) de seus praticantes, após três meses de atividade. Método: o estudo foi realizado por meio de um protocolo geral de identificação, anamnese e o questionário Medical Outcome Study Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) para QV. Os critérios de inclusão englobaram iniciantes no MP, excluindo aqueles que praticavam há mais de um mês, que realizassem outro exercício físico concomitante, em situação de pós-operatório e/ou infecções ativas. A amostra foi composta por 23 indivíduos, sendo 16 mulheres e 07 homens, idade média 40,17 (±18,09) anos. Resultados: apontaram melhora da QV na faixa etária até 30 anos (2%); de 41 a 50 anos (8%) (p
The Hula Valley (Israel): From Nature to Anthropogenic Management, A Review
Authors: Gophen Moshe
Published: July 2016

The long history, from Stone-Age period until present, of settling in the HulaValleyis reviewed. This Valley land, 17.7X103 ha, was mostly covered by swamps and old Lake Hula. Population size of settlers in the Valle and in close vicinity was very small. The swamps in the Valley were mostly (app 85%) covered by Cyperus papyrus vegetation. Three major headwaters discharges were fluxed through the swampy area into Lake Hula from which the Jordan river outflow continued downstream into Lake Kinneret. Anthropogenic usage of the Hula Valley hydrological and vegetation (Papyrus for mats production and grass for cattle grazing) resources were poorly implemented. During the 1950`s of the 20th century the swamps and the Hula Lake were drained and the entire valley land was converted into agricultural utilization. The significance of that environmental modification is discussed.