bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The demersal fish assemblages of the infra and circalittoral coastal rocky bottoms of the Aeolian Archipelago (Central Mediterranean Sea) studied by Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV)
Authors: CONSALVO IVAN , La MESA GABRIELE , CANESE SIMONEPIETRO , GIUSTI MICHELA , SALVATI EVA , LOIA MARCO , TUNESI LEONARDO
Published: December 2020

Demersal fish assemblages on the rocky bottoms of the Aeolian Archipelago were investigated using a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) within the framework of research activities aimed at drawing up the zoning proposal of a new Italian national marine protected area. Visual assessments were conducted around the seven main islands by means of a total of 36 ROV transects. Video material was divided into 3 parts belonging to 3 Archipelago sectors (Western, Central and Eastern) and into 3 depth ranges (20-50, 51-120, 121-190). Thirty taxa of teleosts (29 species and 1 genus) belonging to 16 families were recorded. The assemblages were numerically dominated by some schooling fishes, such as Anthias anthias, Callanthias ruber and Chromis chromis, which exhibited a depth related partitioning of space, and three non-gregarious species, i.e. Serranus cabrilla, Coris julis and Lappanella fasciata. In terms of species composition, the assemblages observed in the sectors of the Archipelago largely overlapped. No significant sector-related differences were detected in fish species richness, diversity and total density. Species composition and the investigated assemblage parameters were significantly affected by depth. The pattern of variation in species richness among depth ranges changed depending on the archipelago sectors. No significant interaction between the factors depth range and sector was observed for species diversity and total density. Diversity values at 20-50 and 121-190 m depth were similar and significantly higher than that at 51-120 m depth. Fish total density showed a clear decreasing trend with increasing depth, though significant differences were detected between the 20-50 and 51-120 depth layers and the deepest one. Overall, the demersal fish assemblage of the Aeolian Archipelago was poorly diversified and depleted, most likely due to overfishing. This information highlighted the importance of the adoption of specific measures aimed at the recovery of overexploited resources and the restoration of the whole marine ecosystems.
Το νησί των απόκληρων: η ιστορία του Ψυχιατρικού Νοσοκομείου Λέρου (1957-1995)
Authors: Καρυδάκη Δανάη
Published: December 2020

Ο σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας είναι να παράξει την πρώτη συστηματική ιστορική καταγραφή του Ψυχιατρικού Νοσοκομείου της Λέρου, από την ίδρυσή του το 1957 έως και το 1995, όταν ολοκληρώθηκε το πρώτο στάδιο της αποασυλοποίησης χάρη στη δράση της Ομάδας της Λέρου. Καθώς μέχρι στιγμής οι προσπάθειες για να παραχθεί μια τέτοια καταγραφή έχουν λάβει χώρα μόνο από επαγγελματίες της ψυχικής υγείας και όχι από ιστορικούς, η πρώτη συστηματική ιστορική καταγραφή του Ψυχιατρικού Νοσοκομείου της Λέρου, είναι σημαντική αυτή καθαυτή, αλλά και ως αναπόσπαστο συμπλήρωμα της κοινωνικής, πολιτικής και πολιτισμικής ιστορίας της Ελλάδας στο δεύτερο μισό του 20ού αιώνα, καθώς και της ίδιας της ιστορίας της ευρωπαϊκής ψυχιατρικής. Υπό αυτό το πρίσμα, η παρούσα έρευνα επιδιώκει να αντλήσει δεδομένα από ευρύ φάσμα πρωτογενών και δευτερογενών πηγών, ούτως ώστε να προτείνει ένα αφήγημα που θα επικεντρώνεται στις εξής θεματικές: α) Ποιες ήταν οι πρακτικές και οι συνθήκες διαβίωσης στο Ψυχιατρικό Νοσοκομείο της Λέρου σε διαφορετικές ιστορικές περιόδους, ποιες είναι οι ομοιότητες και οι διαφορές με άλλα ελληνικά ψυχιατρικά νοσοκομεία της εποχής και πώς συνέβαλλε η Ομάδα της Λέρου στη μεταρρύθμιση της ελληνικής ψυχιατρικής; β) Πώς εντάσσεται το Ψυχιατρικό Νοσοκομείο της Λέρου στο ευρύτερο κοινωνικό, πολιτισμικό και πολιτικό πλαίσιο της ιστορίας της Ελλάδας κατά τον 20ό αιώνα; γ) Τι προσθέτει η ιστορία του Ψυχιατρικού Νοσοκομείου της Λέρου και της Ομάδας της Λέρου σε μια συγκριτική ιστορία της ευρωπαϊκής ψυχιατρικής;
The nexus between improved water supply and water-borne diseases in urban areas in Africa: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Mutono Nyamai , Wright James , Mutembei Henry , Muema Josphat , Thomas Mair , Mutunga Mumbua , Thumbi Samuel Mwangi
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Currently, an estimated two thirds of the world population is water insufficient. As of 2015, one out of every five people in developing countries do not have access to clean sufficient drinking water. In an attempt to share the limited resource, water has been distributed at irregular intervals in cities in developing countries. Residents in these cities seek alternative water sources to supplement the inadequate water supplied. Some of these alternative sources of water are unsafe for human consumption, leading to an increased risk in water-borne diseases. Africa contributes to 53% of the diarrheal cases reported globally, with contaminated drinking water being the main source of transmission. Water-borne diseases like diarrhea, cholera, typhoid, amoebiasis, dysentery, gastroenteritis, cryptosporidium, cyclosporiasis, giardiasis, guinea worm and rotavirus are a major public health concern. The main objective of this scoping review is to map the available evidence to understand the sources of water among residents in cities in Africa and the relationship between clean water sufficiency and water-borne diseases in urban Africa.

Methods and analysis: The search strategy will identify studies published in scientific journals and reports that are directly relevant to African cities that have a population of more than half a million residents as of 2014 AND studies on the ten emerging water-borne diseases, which are diarrhea, cholera, typhoid, amoebiasis, dysentery, gastroenteritis, cryptosporidium, cyclosporiasis, giardiasis, guinea worm and rotavirus.

Ethics and dissemination: This scoping review did not require any formal ethical approval. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Targeting and Privacy in Mobile Advertising
Authors: Rafieian Omid , Yoganarasimhan Hema
Published: December 2020

Mobile in-app advertising is now the dominant form of digital advertising. Although these ads have excellent user-tracking properties, they have raised concerns among privacy advocates. This has resulted in an ongoing debate on the value of different types of targeting information, the incentives of ad networks to engage in behavioral targeting, and the role of regulation. To answer these questions, we propose a unified modeling framework that consists of two components—a machine learning framework for targeting and an analytical auction model for examining market outcomes under counterfactual targeting regimes. We apply our framework to large-scale data from the leading in-app ad network of an Asian country. We find that an efficient targeting policy based on our machine learning framework improves the average click-through rate by 66.80% over the current system. These gains mainly stem from behavioral information compared with contextual information. Theoretical and empirical counterfactuals show that although total surplus grows with more granular targeting, the ad network’s revenues are nonmonotonic; that is, the most efficient targeting does not maximize ad network revenues. Rather, it is maximized when the ad network does not allow advertisers to engage in behavioral targeting. Our results suggest that ad networks may have economic incentives to preserve users’ privacy without external regulation.
CULTURA POLÍTICA E CONSOLIDAÇÃO DEMOCRÁTICA EM CABO VERDE: UM BALANÇO DE 24 ANOS DA INSTAURAÇÃO DA DEMOCRACIA
Authors: Furtado Vlademiro Salvador
Published: December 2020

O presente texto discute a relação entre a Cultura Política e Consolidação Democrática em Cabo Verde e procura problematizar as perspectivas de consolidação desde um ponto de vista macrossocial que enfatiza e privilegia as atitudes e os padrões de comportamento dos indivíduos face à democracia. Assim, ancorado em uma proposta metodológica diferenciada, o texto mostra que pese embora o grande avanço poliárquico e estabilidade democrática registrados nesses 24 anos de instalação da democracia no país, ela ainda não se encontra consolidada ou totalmente enraizada na sociedade cabo-verdiana visto que ainda se mantém, em seu bojo, significativas práticas políticas tradicionais como os fenômenos de clientelismo e interesses particularistas que impedem a sua materialização enquanto regime que prescreve a soberania popular e o exercício efetivo dos direitos e liberdades civis de todos os cidadãos.Palavras-chave: Cultura Política. Consolidação Democrática. Transição Democrática. Cabo Verde.
Eleições Presidenciais de 2014: Reflexões sobre o Capital Político e a Capitalização de Votos de Marina Silva
Authors: Gurão Bruno Fonseca
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho pretende analisar, com base na análise de dados de monitoramento de mídias sociais e pesquisas de intenções de voto, articulando tais dados com análise política, por que a candidata à presidência da república Marina Silva não conseguiu sequer avançar para o segundo turno das eleições sendo que chegou a ficar tecnicamente empatada com Dilma nas pesquisas eleitorais além de uma expressiva desenvoltura nas mídias sociais – com alta popularidade e interatividade – sem que isso se traduzisse automaticamente em votos nas urnas.
Ingestão dietética de ácidos graxos ômega-3 por mulheres climatéricas e
fatores associados
Authors: Oldra Caroline De Maman , Rel Bruna Aparecida Ribeiro , Frigo Maiara , Rossi Camila Elizandra , Koehnlein Eloá Angélica
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Estimar a ingestão dietética de ácidos graxos ômega-3 (n-3) e
identificar fatores associados à mesma em mulheres climatéricas. Métodos:
Estudo transversal com 80 mulheres climatéricas de três municípios do
Sudoeste do Paraná. Foram realizadas avaliação antropométrica; avaliação dos
sintomas climatéricos, por meio do índice menopausal de Kupperman; avaliação
dos sintomas depressivos, através da Escala de Rastreamento Populacional
para Depressão; e aplicação de um diário alimentar de três dias, para
avaliar a ingestão de n-3. Utilizaram-se testes de diferença de médias e
modelo de regressão logística para avaliação de fatores associados à
ingestão de n-3. Resultados: A ingestão média de n-3 foi de 1,07±0,95g/dia e
não se observou diferença significativa entre as mulheres com e sem sintomas
de depressão. Verificou-se, entretanto, que aquelas com histórico prévio da
doença (OR=0,07; IC=0,01-0,70; p=0,02) e que apresentavam
sobrepeso/obesidade (OR=0,13; IC=0,02-0,84; p=0,03) possuíam maiores chances
de ingerir o nutriente abaixo do valor correspondente ao percentil 50
(1,07g/dia) de ingestão pela amostra estudada. Além disso, notou-se que as
mulheres que apresentavam risco de complicações metabólicas, avaliado por
meio da circunferência da cintura aumentada (OR=8,42; IC=1,04-68,24; p=0,05)
apresentaram maiores chances de consumir ácidos graxos n-3 em quantidades
adequadas (≥ 1,07g/dia). Conclusão: Verificou-se elevada frequência de baixa
ingestão de ácidos graxos n-3, especialmente nas mulheres com histórico
prévio de depressão e excesso de peso.
Construção, desenvolvimento e avaliação de ações educativas via Mobile
Health com foco na redução do consumo de sódio em uma instituição de
ensino
Authors: Teixeira Izabelly Larissa Rocha Dias , Costa Raquel Teixeira , Martins Haysla Xavier , Porto Aline Silva , Molina Maria del Carmen Bisi
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Descrever o processo de construção e desenvolvimento de ações
educativas via mHealth para redução de sódio e realizar avaliação do ponto
de vista do receptor. Método: Estudo de intervenção com 155 adultos (20-59
anos) de uma instituição de ensino em Vitória-ES. Os participantes foram
contatados por exposição a banner, convite face to face e mídia eletrônica.
Após primeira coleta de dados, os participantes foram randomizados em dois
grupos: Intervenção (GI) e Controle (GC). Dados socioeconômicos, de saúde e
práticas alimentares foram obtidos antes e após a intervenção. Foram
elaboradas 21 mensagens e três vídeos focados na redução de sódio, enviadas
por aplicativo WhatsApp® ou e-mail, durante três meses. Testes adequados,
segundo o delineamento da amostra, foram aplicados utilizando o software
SPSS 23, adotando-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Na linha de
base, não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre grupos de
alocação. Cerca de 70% dos participantes do GI relataram que as mensagens
foram úteis, claras e objetivas; 50% relataram que as mensagens ajudaram a
realizar escolhas alimentares mais saudáveis e 47% disseram que seguiram as
sugestões propostas. Mais de 60% do GI relataram que adotaram hábitos
alimentares mais saudáveis, enquanto no GC as respostas foram associadas à
prática de “dietas da moda”. Esses resultados mostram a importância da
utilização de ações educativas baseadas em conhecimento científico e na
adoção de práticas alimentares saudáveis. Conclusão: A maioria dos
participantes identificou a estratégia mHealth como de fácil compreensão e
útil, bem como foram mais expostos à informação sobre alimentação
saudável.
AS OFICINAS DE JOGOS, BRINQUEDOS E BRINCADEIRAS COM AS CRIANÇAS DA FAVELA DA MARÉ/RJ: E A PEDAGOGIA SOCIAL COM ISSO?
Authors: Aguiar Jonathan , Sirino Marcio Bernardino
Published: December 2020

Este presente trabalho tem por objetivo socializar uma experiência educativa desenvolvida com as crianças da favela da Maré, zona norte da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no ano de 2016. Por meio de oficinas de Jogos, Brinquedos e Brincadeiras, realizadas no projeto “Sabendo Mais” – que apoia as escolas do entorno com Educação e Cultura, integrando conhecimento através de oficinas transdisciplinares – foi possível perceber a potência das atividades lúdicas em espaços não escolares para o desenvolvimento destes educandos. Potência esta que foi alinhavada à luz dos pressupostos da Pedagogia Social – campo em construção no Brasil, que versa sobre as práticas socioeducativas desenvolvidas em diferentes espaços sociais – e que, no bojo desta experiência, constatou a importância de atividades lúdicas voltadas para o fortalecimento da convivência humana para além do desenvolvimento cognitivo.
INTERAÇÕES DISCURSIVAS EM AULAS DE QUÍMICA: CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE UM DISCURSO REFLEXIVO
Authors: Arrigo Viviane , Giuli Camila Marques de , Broietti Fabiele Cristiane Dias , Lorencini Júnior Álvaro
Published: December 2020

Este artigo analisa as interações discursivas ocorridas entre uma estagiária de um curso de Licenciatura em Química e alunos de uma turma do 2° ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública. O objetivo da investigação consistiu em caracterizar o discurso mediado pela estagiária, no contexto de uma aula sobre Soluções Químicas. Para isso foram analisados trechos de um diálogo ocorrido durante o desenvolvimento de uma sequência de ensino pautada nos Três Momentos Pedagógicos. A análise das falas se deu com base nos pressupostos da Análise de Conteúdo e a partir da associação entre as categorias de interação propostas por Flanders e os tipos de perguntas formuladas pela estagiária. Por meio das análises realizadas, constatamos que as mediações por ela realizadas conduziram à construção de um discurso que pode ser caracterizado como reflexivo, uma vez que a estagiária explora perguntas de raciocínio, elogia e encoraja os alunos a exporem suas ideias e fornece tempo de espera para que eles elaborem suas respostas. Nesse contexto, caracterizamos o discurso como reflexivo quando a estagiária formula perguntas que possibilitam a (re)construção, negociação e compartilhamento de significados com os alunos e/ou entre os próprios alunos, bem como gerencia os processos cognitivos dos alunos dando continuidade à negociação de significados.
O ACOLHIMENTO FAMILIAR DE CRIANÇAS EM PORTUGAL – EVIDÊNCIAS E DESAFIOS
Authors: Delgado João Paulo Ferreira
Published: December 2020

Resumo: Este artigo carateriza o sistema português de acolhimento familiar, que apresenta uma das taxas mais altas de colocação de crianças em acolhimento residencial, em comparação com outros países europeus. Descreve a sua evolução histórica, o quadro legal em vigor, e o papel dos principais atores envolvidos no processo de acolhimento. Procura, igualmente, identificar os fatores que estão na génese de um sistema de acolhimento que permanece centrado, e até tem reforçado, nos últimos anos, a utilização do acolhimento residencial. Este estudo baseia-se na análise do enquadramento jurídico e político, e destaca, na investigação científica realizada em Portugal, no século XXI, um conjunto de testemunhos de crianças, acolhedores e famílias que interpretam, em primeira pessoa, os avanços, as dificuldades e os desafios associados ao acolhimento. Termina com uma identificação dos desafios que se colocam na prática, e ao decisor político, para se desenvolver um processo de desinstitucionalização bem-sucedido e entre os quais se incluem: (i) a divulgação e promoção da cultura do acolhimento familiar; (ii) a seleção e a formação de novas famílias de acolhimento; (iii) a disponibilização e o aperfeiçoamento da informação que permitam uma efetiva monitorização do sistema; (iv) e a reclassificação dos tipos e modalidades de acolhimento familiar.Palavras-chave: Acolhimento familiar. Portugal. Evidências. Desafios.Abstract: This article characterizes the Portuguese family foster care system, which has one of the highest rates of placement of children in residential care, compared to other European countries. It describes its historical evolution, the legal framework in force, and the role of the main actors involved in this type of family placement. It also seeks to identify the factors that are at the origin of a care system that remains centered, and has even reinforced, in recent years, the use of residential care. This study is based on the analysis of the legal and political framework, and highlights in the scientific research carried out in Portugal in the 21st century a set of testimonies from children, caregivers and families who interpret in first person the advances, difficulties and challenges associated with foster care. It ends with an identification of challenges that are posed in practice, and to the decision maker, to develop a successful deinstitutionalization process, and among which are included (i) the dissemination and promotion of foster care culture; (ii) the selection and training of new fostercare families; (iii) the availability and improvement of information that allows an effective monitoring of the system; (iv) and the reclassification of types and modalities of foster care.Key Words: Foster care. Portugal. Evidence. Challenges.
O INDIVÍDUO SOCIALMENTE FALHO: UM ENSAIO BASEADO EM VEBLEN E BAUMAN
Authors: Rangel Ronaldo , Rangel Gabriel Dolabela Raemy
Published: December 2020

Resumo: O ensaio revisita os livros A Teoria da Classe Ociosa (originalmente publicado em 1899), de Thorstein Veblen, e Modernidade Líquida, de Zygmunt Bauman, publicado pela primeira vez em 1999, os quais, embora separados por um século de história humana, observam as experiências sociais de seus respectivos tempos com constructos muito assemelhados. O ensaio assume que Veblen descreve efeitos da modernidade que emerge no fim do século XIX, ao passo que Bauman explicita a pós-modernidade do século XXI (à qual chama de Modernidade Líquida) e, com base nos autores, reflete sobre o indivíduo, as motivações de consumo, a demanda por crédito, o endividamento e outras categorias por eles tratadas, para apresentar um novo ator: o “consumidor falho” ou, como aqui chamado, o “indivíduo socialmente falho”.Palavras-chave: Consumo. Endividamento. Emulação pecuniária. Modernidade líquida.  Abstract: The essay revisits the books The Theory of the Leisure Class (originally published in 1899) by Thorstein Veblen and Liquid Modernity by Zygmunt Bauman first published in 1999 that, although separated by a century of human history, observe social experiences from their respective times with very similar constructs. The essay assumes that Veblen describes the effects of modernity that emerged at the end of the 19th century, while Bauman explains the post-modernity of the 21st century (which he calls Liquid Modernity) and, based on the authors, reflects on the individual, the motivations consumption, the demand for credit, indebtedness and other categories treated by them, to present a new actor: the 'flawed consumers' or, how we conceptualize, a “socially flawed individual”.Keywords: Consumption. Indebtedness. Pecuniary emulation. Liquid modernity.
LETRAMENTO LITERÁRIO NO ENSINO DO SATYRICON DE PETRÔNIO: UMA PROPOSTA
Authors: Mota Arlete José , Souto Junior Elio Marques de , Souza Zildene Paz de
Published: December 2020

Com base na teoria dialógica de Bakhtin e nos pressupostos do letramento literário, este artigo objetiva refletir sobre uma proposta metodológica para o ensino do romance Satyricon na graduação em português-latim.
THE LEARNING CURVE: AN APPLICATION IN TURKISH MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
Authors: Çalmaşur Gürkan , Daştan Hüseyin , Karaca Zeynep
Published: December 2020

The learning curves have traditionally been used for manufacturing industries. Manufacturing industry is the branch of industry in which raw materials are processed by machine or manual labor and converted into intermediate goods. The main aim of this article is to make a detailed analysis the learning curves in the Turkish manufacturing industry for 2003-2017 period. In order to satisfy this aim, the cubic learning model has been estimated and calculated the progress ratio values for 24 Turkish manufacturing industries from 2003 to 2017. As a result, between 2003 and 2017, total Turkish manufacturing industry has a convex learning curve.
Can augmentation with oxytocin be ‘too much, too soon’?
Authors: Norton Justine , Hudson Traci
Published: December 2020

The Sustainable Development Goals have specific aims to reduce maternal mortality and achieve gender equality. While a significant amount of literature focuses on lower-income countries, which have higher mortality and morbidity rates than the UK, the UK must not be complacent. Maternal mortality and morbidity can still be improved nationally by critically evaluating whether the almost ubiquitous use of interventions in obstetric units is a contributory factor. Labour augmentation with oxytocin is not without risk and this raises the question of why maternity care is not incorporated into the gender equality goals in the UK. At its most basic level, it could lead to a lack of informed consent but is influenced by the risk discourse, changing epidemiology of women and sociocultural norms.
An exploration of the perceptions of student midwives about midwifery education related to abortion
Authors: Myerscough Caroline , Briscoe Lesley
Published: December 2020

Background

There is variation in undergraduate curriculum content related to abortion, both nationally and internationally.

Aims

To explore how student midwives perceived education related to abortion within a midwifery curriculum.

Methods

A qualitative exploratory survey design used an anonymised questionnaire to capture the perception of 60 student midwives on education related to abortion. Frequency, distribution and themes generated were synthesised using framework analysis.

Results

A total of 45 students responded. Overall, 16 were in first year, 15 were in second year and 14 were third year students. Of those who had received education about abortion, only five (2.25%) expressed that their learning needs about the topic had been met. A total of 40% (18) had cared for women seeking abortion while in clinical placement. There were two overarching themes that were identified: education and values.

Conclusions

The theory of abortion did not prepare the students for practice. Standardised midwifery content is required, covering definition, process, and legal aspects of care around abortion, on international, national and local levels. Empathy was enhanced by exposure to theory or practice and a safe, reflective, educational space is essential to explore how perceptions change after exposure to the topic.
Intraoperative hypotension and perioperative outcomes
Authors: Crossland Charlotte
Published: December 2020

Intraoperative hypotension is associated with adverse outcomes. Although a causal relationship is yet to be fully established, proactive management of vulnerable patients and use of bispectral index monitoring is recommended to avoid deep anaesthesia.
RESEARCH ROUNDUP
Authors: McGloin Claudia
Published: December 2020

In this regular feature, aesthetic nurse Claudia McGloin presents a brief synopsis of a range of recently published articles on medical aesthetics. Research roundup aims to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary and critique, of the papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided at the end of each study summary
Building your business: aesthetic clinics and professional associations
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: December 2020

Being a member of a professional association can make a difference to the success of any business. Adam Bernstein, in association with Linda Cavender, Hannah Essex and Euan Holmes, details how aesthetic clinic owners must put time into finding what is right for them
Heterogeneous integration of InP and Si3N4 waveguides based on interlayer coupling for an integrated optical gyroscope
Authors: He Yuming , Lu Ziqing , Kuai Xuebao , Feng Zuo , Han Weihua , Li Zhaofeng , Yan Wei , Yang Fuhua
Published: December 2020

In this study, we demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, integrated indium phosphide (InP) and silicon nitride (

S
i

3

N

4

) waveguide platform, which is based on interlayer coupling, to achieve heterogeneous integration of a photodetector and waveguide ring resonator firstly. In order to improve the gyro bias stability, the

S
i

3

N

4

and InP waveguides were designed with a high polarization extinction ratio and ultra-low loss. Three-dimensional finite difference time domain methods are used to optimize the InP taper dimensions to provide efficient optical coupling between the

S
i

3

N

4

and InP waveguides. The optical coupler with a length of 100 µm is designed to achieve optical coupling between the

S
i

3

N

4

and InP waveguides while maintaining its state of polarization all the way from the taper waveguides. The coupling efficiency of the optimized interlayer coupler has been improved to about 99.5%.
Spurious fringe processing for dielectric metasurface profile measurement using white-light scanning interferometry
Authors: Sun Yifeng , Yu Haobiao , Ma Jianqiu , Hu Qiaowei , Huang Xu , Zhou Juntao , Xie Pengfei , Yang Zhongming , Lei Lihua , Fu Yunxia , Gao Zhishan , Yuan Qun
Published: December 2020

Dielectric metasurfaces, which are capable of manipulating incident light, have been a novel branch of flat optics. This modulation ability is realized by nanostructures with space-variant geometrical parameters such as height and diameter. Therefore, accurate profile measurement of metasurfaces is of great importance. White-light scanning interferometry is widely used for profile measurement. The step height is retrieved by locating the envelope’s peak. However, spurious fringes attached to the desired fringes were observed at the measured area near the edge of nanostructures. Their amplitude distributions vary with the density of nanostructures as well as distance to the edge. Further, anomalous coherence signals with two fringe envelopes are produced, which result in inaccurate measurement results. We attributed this phenomenon to the complex light modulation by the nanostructures. When referring to the anomalous coherence signals for the top of the nanostructures, one envelope is produced by the top, and the other is produced by the bottom; however, it is difficult to distinguish these two, which is the same case for the bottom of the nanostructures. To automatically solve these obstacles, a signal processing method, which integrates the image segmentation technology to identify and divide the anomalous coherence signals, along with a Morlet wavelet transform to extract the fringe envelope, suitable for any measured area of the dielectric metasurface, is proposed. One metasurface belt consisting of seven kinds of nanopillars with varying arrayed densities that produce different coherence signals is measured. The diameter distribution ranges from 500 to 1250 nm with a constant height of 1850 nm. The local periods in the

X

and

Y

directions are 3020 and 1740 nm, respectively. Measurement results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method for spurious fringes processing.
Converting a Texas Instruments DLP4710 DLP evaluation module into a spatial light modulator
Authors: Cox Mitchell A. , Drozdov Alice V.
Published: December 2020

Digital micro-mirror devices (DMDs) are a popular alternative to liquid crystal spatial light modulators for laser beam shaping due to their relatively low cost, high speed, and polarization and wavelength independence. Here we describe in detail how to convert a low-cost digital light projector (DLP) evaluation module that uses a Texas Instruments DLP4710 DMD into a spatial light modulator using a 3D printed mount. The resulting device is shown to accurately shape Laguerre–Gauss modes, is able to operate in real-time over HDMI without modification with a 180 Hz hologram refresh rate, and has a resolution of

1920
×
1080

pixels and diagonal screen size of 0.47 inches (11.9 mm).
Dicke state generation via selective interactions in a Dicke-Stark model
Authors: Mu Fengchun , Gao Ya , Yin Hongda , Wang Gangcheng
Published: December 2020

We propose a method to create selective interactions with Dicke-Stark model by means of a time-dependent perturbation theory. By choosing the proper rotating framework, we find that the time oscillating terms depend on the number of atomic excitations and the number of photonic excitations. Consequently, the Rabi oscillation between selective states can be realized by properly choosing the frequency of the two-level system. The second order selective interactions can also be studied with this method. Then various states, such as Dicke states, superposition of Dicke states and GHZ states, can be created by means of such selective interactions. The numerical results show that high fidelity Dicke states and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states can be created by choosing the proper frequency of the two-level system and controlling the evolution time.
Tunable pulse advancement and delay by frequency-chirped stimulated Raman gain with optical nanofiber
Authors: Qi Yun , Jin Wei , Ho Hoi Lut
Published: December 2020

We demonstrate a novel method to optically tune the pulse advancement and delay based on stimulated Raman gain in hydrogen. With a frequency-chirped pump, the generated signal pulse is selectively amplified at the leading or trailing edge of the pump pulse, depending on whether the frequency difference between the pump and the signal beam is blue or red detuned from the Raman transition, which results in advancement or delay of the signal peak. Different from the method of slow/fast light, where advancement and delay are accompanied with power loss and gain, respectively, for a single resonance, both the advancement and delay are realized in the gain region for the method here. With a piece of 48-mm-long optical nanofiber in hydrogen, the time-shift for a signal peak ranging from 3.7 to −3.7 ns is achieved in a Raman-generated pulse with width of

.
High harmonic generation in AlN due to out-of-surface electron orbitals
Authors: Seres J. , Seres E. , Serrat C. , Schumm T.
Published: December 2020

High harmonic generation in solids is commonly considered as a bulk process. However, there is a controversy whether the experimentally observed effects can in their entirety be described by a pure bulk model. Our results based on beam propagation and spectral characteristics provide a clear signature of the importance of surface effects on the origin of the harmonic generation in solids. Computations performed with a time-dependent density-functional approach corroborate the experimental measurements.
Polymer waveguide tunable transceiver for photonic front-end in the 5G wireless network
Authors: Park Tae-Hyun , Kim Sung-Moon , Lee Eun-Su , Oh Min-Cheol
Published: December 2020

A photonic front-end in the 5G wireless network based on wavelength-division multiplexing optical communication requires low-cost tunable transceivers. By exploiting polymer waveguide Bragg-grating technology, we propose a tunable transceiver consisting of an external cavity tunable laser and a tilted grating tunable filter. In particular, a double-reflection tunable filter provides narrower reflection bandwidth and suppresses undesired mode coupling, improving the side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) and reducing adjacent-channel crosstalk. By introducing perfluorinated polymers with low birefringence, polarization independence, which is a prerequisite for wavelength filter elements, is secured, and 20 dB bandwidth of 0.69 nm, wavelength tunability over 40 nm, and SMSR of 42 dB are achieved.
Sweetened beverages and risk of frailty among older women in the Nurses’ Health Study: A cohort study
Authors: Struijk Ellen A. , Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando , Fung Teresa T. , Willett Walter C. , Hu Frank B. , Lopez-Garcia Esther
Published: December 2020

Background

Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been consistently associated with a higher risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality, whereas evidence for artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) and fruit juices on health is less solid. The aim of this study was to evaluate the consumption of SSBs, ASBs, and fruit juices in association with frailty risk among older women.

Methods and findings

We analyzed data from 71,935 women aged ≥60 (average baseline age was 63) participating in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), an ongoing cohort study initiated in 1976 among female registered nurses in the United States. Consumption of beverages was derived from 6 repeated food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) administered between 1990 and 2010. Frailty was defined as having at least 3 of the following 5 criteria from the FRAIL scale: fatigue, poor strength, reduced aerobic capacity, having ≥5 chronic illnesses, and weight loss ≥5%. The occurrence of frailty was assessed every 4 years from 1992 to 2014. During 22 years of follow-up, we identified 11,559 incident cases of frailty. Consumption of SSBs was associated with higher risk of frailty after adjustment for diet quality, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, and medication use, specifically, the relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for ≥2 serving/day versus no SSB consumption was 1.32 (1.10, 1.57); p-value <0.001. ASBs were also associated with frailty [RR ≥2 serving/day versus no consumption: 1.28 (1.17, 1.39); p-value <0.001]. Orange juice was associated with lower risk of frailty [RR ≥1 serving/day versus no consumption: 0.82 (0.76, 0.87); p-value <0.001], whereas other juices were associated with a slightly higher risk [RR ≥1 serving/day versus no consumption: 1.15 (1.03, 1.28); p-value <0.001]. A limitation of this study is that, due to self-reporting of diet and frailty, certain misclassification bias cannot be ruled out; also, some residual confounding may persist.

Conclusions

In this study, we observed that consumption of SSBs and ASBs was associated with a higher risk of frailty. However, orange juice intake showed an inverse association with frailty. These results need to be confirmed in further studies using other frailty definitions.
On the authenticity of COVID-19 case figures
Authors: Kennedy Adrian Patrick , Yam Sheung Chi Phillip
Published: December 2020

In this article, we study the applicability of Benford’s law and Zipf’s law to national COVID-19 case figures with the aim of establishing guidelines upon which methods of fraud detection in epidemiology, based on formal statistical analysis, can be developed. Moreover, these approaches may also be used in evaluating the performance of public health surveillance systems. We provide theoretical arguments for why the empirical laws should hold in the early stages of an epidemic, along with preliminary empirical evidence in support of these claims. Based on data published by the World Health Organization and various national governments, we find empirical evidence that suggests that both Benford’s law and Zipf’s law largely hold across countries, and deviations can be readily explained. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is among the first to present a practical application of Zipf’s law to fraud detection.
possibilidade de uma leitura antepredicativa do pensamento noético de Plotino
Authors: Silva Robert Brenner Barreto da
Published: December 2020

A caracterização do pensamento como a reflexão de um sujeito sobre um dado objeto se expressa através de um enunciado de ordem predicativa. A introdução da possibilidade de um tipo de pensamento que não se constitua a partir desse pressuposto traz dificuldades, motivo pelo qual Lloyd (1970) tratou esse tema, a saber, o pensamento não discursivo, como um enigma da filosofia grega. Plotino parece estabelecer uma distinção entre pensamento racional e intelectual tendo como ponto de partida a definição sui generis de um pensamento que pensa o próprio pensamento. A natureza intrigante dessa descrição, isto é, do autopensamento como não discursivo, tem pautado estudos cujos objetivos são, em primeiro lugar, compreender e, depois, esclarecer o que significa adotar tal abordagem. Esse trabalho pretende analisar essa problemática à luz da antepredicatividade de Santos (2018). A hipótese é de que tal conceito pode contribuir para acrescer esclarecimento sobre a distinção entre razão e Intelecto no contexto do tratado V.3 [49] das Enéadas de Plotino. A natureza do pensamento intelectual seria antepredicativa e a do racional predicativa.
La unidad didáctica (integrada): documento programador para la innovación-indagación educativa(s) en/desde una perspectiva inclusiva. Un estudio de caso
Authors: Campos Barrionuevo Blas
Published: December 2020

Mediante el presente trabajo realizamos un recorrido teórico y procedimental (investigador) de la necesidad (de actualizar y regenerar) el ejercicio programador docente, en su proceso de contextualización curricular, sobre todo en la educación secundaria obligatoria (en adelante, eso), como una experiencia llevada a cabo en un instituto de enseñanza secundaria (a modo de estudio caso único); todo ello, para dar respuesta a las demandas del profesorado de dicho centro, amén de una progresiva cualificación de los procesos educativos a realizar en dicho centro escolar. El proceso investigador, con una metodología cualitativa, utilizando como técnica-base tanto el cuestionario abierto y cerrado como, sobre todo, los grupos de discusión (en base a seis categorías), se ha realizado en dos fases sucesivas, yendo de la necesidad del ejercicio programador general a otro más particular e integrador –interdisciplinariedad–. A través de las conclusiones y discusiones se ha evidenciado la transferencia de dicho ejercicio programador a nivel docente, tanto en la mejora de los métodos de enseñanza cuanto en la mejora de los resultados escolares del alumnado, en general. Finalmente, y a modo de modelo-base, se ha establecido un diseño de programación por unidades didácticas para todo el profesorado de dicho centro, sin menoscabar su transferencia a otros centros y docentes de dicha zona u otras (zonas) educativas. Hay que destacar, por otra parte, la riqueza de dicha experiencia en todos sus ámbitos, activando la necesidad de investigar (desde la acción) toda acción escolar y, en particular, aquellas que tienen por objeto el diseño curricular de los procesos de enseñanza.
Aeneas Évát veszi el
Authors: Máté Ágnes
Published: December 2020

Az Esterházy Pál nádor és második felesége esküvőjére készült epithalamium a klasszikus és a bibliai hagyomány két fontos alakját idézi fel. A férj Vergilius eposzának első félsorával Aeneas alakját veszi magára, míg a feleség a bibliai ősanya nevét viselve szerepében is Évához válik hasonlatossá a költeményben. A nászének kulcsmozzanata, hogy az archetipikus nőalak gránátalmát ad a férfinak, az epithalamium illusztrációján is megjelenik. A gránátalma klasszikus termékenységi szimbólum, amely Esterházy Pál és Thököly Éva esetében – úgy tűnik – nemcsak menyegzői jókívánságként funkcionál a versben, de közös előéletükre és a házasságkötés előtt született gyermekükre is utal.
Use of Photovoice Methods in Research on Informal Caring: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Ilagan Chloe , Akbari Zahra , Sethi Bharati , Williams Allison
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the use of Photovoice in caring research. The review assessed the existing literature using the Arksey and O’Malley scoping review methodology. Database searches of relevant literature published worldwide between 1997–2019 yielded 25 articles in the English language that were included in this review. The authors summarized thematic findings. Three themes emerged from data analysis: 1) strengths of using Photovoice; 2) challenges of using Photovoice, and; 3) methodological complexities in Photovoice studies. The small number of studies included in the review (n=25) indicate the limited use of Photovoice in caring research, reflecting missed opportunities for action-oriented research. The scoping review recommends ways that researchers can better address the needs of carers using Photovoice, particularly as a tool for knowledge translation, advocacy, and empowerment.
Scrotal Epidermoid Cyst Presenting as Extra-Testicular Scrotal Mass: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Shirale Vaishali , Goyal Sunder , Tyagi Vikas , Goyal Snigdha
Published: December 2020

We hereby report a scrotal epidermoid cyst presenting as a scrotal mass which a rare entity in the absence of trauma. 36years old male presents with a complaint of left sided testicular swelling and discomfort. The workup included clinical examination, alpha-fetoprotein (αFP) and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) analyses and scrotal ultrasound. Clinically confused as testicular malignancy. Complete surgical excision of the cyst was performed. Histopathology confirmed epidermoid cyst with no evidence of malignancy.
Effects of the Level and Frequency of Fertilization with hen Droppings on Zooplanktonic Density and Growth Performance of Common Carp Post-Larvae (CyprinusCarpio)
Authors: Patricia Linda Djikengoue Kameni , Flora Mambe Tameghe , Amidou Kpoumie Nsangou , Peguy Tonfack Achile
Published: December 2020

Zooplankton production and growth performance of post-larvae of common carp according to the level and frequency of fertilization with chicken droppings were studied between May and October 2017 at the IRAD pisciculture station in Foumban. To this end, two doses of hen droppings, namely 450 g/m3 (D450) and 600 g/m3 (D600), were each applied at two application frequencies (weekly (F2) and bimonthly (F1)). Thus, 1200 post-carp larvae were distributed in 12 identical concrete tanks (1.2m x 0.75m x 1m) each filled with 400 liters of water. The 2 doses applied at 2 frequencies were applied randomly in the 12 tanks in a complete random device comprising 3 treatments and 2 repetitions. Six days after fertilization, each tank was sown with zooplankton at a density of 7 individuals per liter (ind/l). The loading was carried out 12 days after fertilization at a density of 100 ind/m2. The results show that regardless of the dose and the frequency of droppings applied, the production of zooplankton was optimal 10 to 12 days after fertilization. Considering the growth performance, the tanks receiving the 600 g/m3 dose every 2 weeks presented the highest significant values ​​(p <0.05). On the other hand, the survival rate (36% on average) was not significantly influenced (p˃0.05) by the dose and the frequency of fertilization. The 600 g/m3 dose applied every two weeks can be recommended for the rearing of post-larvae common carp.
Effect of Combination of Follicle Size, FSH and Cysteamine on In Vitro Production of Sheep Embryos
Authors: Mardenli Omar , Mohammad Mahdi Saleh , Alolo Ahmad Yaser
Published: December 2020

The participatory relationship among the follicle size, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and cysteamine (antioxidant agent) contribute to the production of embryos characterized by abundance and good quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of FSH, cysteamine and follicle size on in vitro embryo production of Awassi sheep oocytes. Follicles sizes were determined into two groups: small follicles (1-2 mm) and large follicles (> 2 mm). Oocytes were matured across two increasingly shared levels of FSH and cysteamine: A (40 ng/ml + 50 μM) and B (60 ng/ml + 100 μM). Results of the bilateral interaction showed significant differences across the follicle size (large follicles group) and the maturation treatment (B medium) in the rates of fertilization (highest value: 67.51%; p= 0.02), cleavage (highest value: 65.41%; p= 0.01), 2-16 cell stage (lowest value: 2.29%; p= 0.0001), blastocyst stage (highest value: 44.82%; p= 0.04), down to morula stage arrest (lowest value: 55.17%; p= 0.04) and Type I embryos (highest value: 52.87%; p= 0.03). Likewise, matured oocytes of small follicles group (B medium) attained the highest rate of morula stage (56.60%; p= 0.03). No significant differences were observed in Type II and Type III embryos. In order to obtain high yields of good quality embryos, it is advised to add FSH and cysteamine with levels of 60 ng/ml and 100 μM respectively to maturation medium of ovine oocytes obtained from follicles with a diameter > 2 mm.