bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of CuO/ZnO Nanocomposite Using Zingiber officinale Rhizome Extract
Authors: Takele Elias , Feyisa Bogale Raji , Shumi Gemechu , Kenasa Girmaye
Published: August 2023

The synthesis of metal oxide nanocomposite by using the green method has gotten special consideration due to a cheaper and eco-friendly approach. Decreasing antibiotic effectiveness calls for the fast advancement of other alternative antimicrobials. CuO, ZnO, and CuO/ZnO nanocomposites were successfully synthesized using Zingiber officinale rhizome extract as a mild, renewable, and nontoxic reducing agent and proficient stabilizer with the nonappearance of hazardous and toxic chemicals. UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize CuO, ZnO, and CuO/ZnO nanocomposites. The UV-Visible result showed the absorbance peak at 270 nm, 355 nm, 365 nm, and 370 nm corresponding to the characteristic band of CuO NPs, ZnO NPs, 10% CuO/ZnO, and 20% CuO/ZnO nanocomposites, respectively. FT-IR confirmed the nature of bonds and the presence of different functional groups in the Zingiber officinale rhizome extract, CuO, ZnO, and CuO/ZnO nanocomposites. The XRD analysis revealed that all the synthesized particles have a crystalline nature with a particle size of 4.35 nm, 14.54 nm, 18.41 nm, and 20.50 nm of CuO NPs, ZnO NPs, 10% CuO/ZnO, and 20% CuO/ZnO NCs, respectively. The synthesized nanoparticles and nanocomposites showed inhibition against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria up to a concentration of 12.5 mg/mL. The highest inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25926 and Escherichia coli ATCC was 20 ± 0.7 mm and 16 ± 0.5 mm in diameter, respectively, by 50 mg/mL of 20% CuO/ZnO NCs. In general, the biosynthesized nanoparticles and nanocomposites showed effective antibacterial activity.
Mathematical Analysis and Performance Evaluation of the GELU Activation Function in Deep Learning
Authors: Lee Minhyeok
Published: August 2023

Selecting the most suitable activation function is a critical factor in the effectiveness of deep learning models, as it influences their learning capacity, stability, and computational efficiency. In recent years, the Gaussian error linear unit (GELU) activation function has emerged as a dominant method, surpassing traditional functions such as the rectified linear unit (ReLU) in various applications. This study presents a rigorous mathematical investigation of the GELU activation function, exploring its differentiability, boundedness, stationarity, and smoothness properties in detail. In addition, we conduct an extensive experimental comparison of the GELU function against a broad range of alternative activation functions, utilizing a residual convolutional network trained on the CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and STL-10 datasets as the empirical testbed. Our results demonstrate the superior performance of GELU compared to other activation functions, establishing its suitability for a wide range of deep learning applications. This comprehensive study contributes to a more profound understanding of the underlying mathematical properties of GELU and provides valuable insights for practitioners aiming to select activation functions that optimally align with their specific objectives and constraints in deep learning.
Numerical Investigation of Electrical Efficiency with the Application of Hybrid Nanofluids for Photovoltaic Thermal Systems Contained in a Cavity Channel
Authors: Memon Abid A. , Memon M. Asif , Haque Md. Mojammel
Published: August 2023

Photovoltaic thermal systems (PV/T) are devices used to collect both electrical and thermal energies from solar energy. By passing a coolant through flow channels that are connected to the PV/T systems, the temperature of the cells is reduced to enhance their electrical efficiency. Therefore, this study aims at investigating a photovoltaic thermal system via the transport of hybrid nanofluids based on Cu-Al2O3/water. We assume that the flow channel can be considered in two dimensions and is composed of the silicon panel, absorber, and flow channel. The flow channel consists of a cavity along the absorber with a fixed length and a certain height. This will be a combined conduction and convection problem, with conduction occurring on the top two layers of the silicon panel and absorber. Modeling and simulation problems are performed using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6. The aspect ratio from inlet height to cavity height is defined by Ar, and the volume fraction of Al2O3 is taken double that of Cu. The cell efficiency is analyzed by performing a parametric study by altering the Reynold number (100–1000), inlet temperature (50°C–450°C), the volume fraction of copper (0.01%–10%), and the aspect ratio (0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 1). It is found that increasing the inlet temperature and aspect ratio decreases the cell efficiency while increasing the Reynolds number and volume fraction increases it. The maximum efficiency of the cell, about 6%, is achieved when the inlet temperature is 50°C, the volume fraction of copper is 10%, Re = 1000, and Ar = 0.5. It was also concluded that when the volume fraction of copper is 0.1, the increase in Reynolds number from 100 to 1000 is improving the cell efficiency by 0.5%. On the other hand, when increasing the volume fraction of copper from minimum to maximum at Re = 1000, the cell efficiency is increasing by 0.3%.
The Origin of Highly Elevated Cell-Free DNA in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Pancreatic, Colorectal, Lung, or Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Mattox Austin K. , Douville Christopher , Wang Yuxuan , Popoli Maria , Ptak Janine , Silliman Natalie , Dobbyn Lisa , Schaefer Joy , Lu Steve , Pearlman Alexander H. , Cohen Joshua D. , Tie Jeanne , Gibbs Peter , Lahouel Kamel , Bettegowda Chetan , Hruban Ralph H. , Tomasetti Cristian , Jiang Peiyong , Chan K.C. Allen , Lo Yuk Ming Dennis , Papadopoulos Nickolas , Kinzler Kenneth W. , Vogelstein Bert
Published: August 2023

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) concentrations from patients with cancer are often elevated compared with those of healthy controls, but the sources of this extra cfDNA have never been determined. To address this issue, we assessed cfDNA methylation patterns in 178 patients with cancers of the colon, pancreas, lung, or ovary and 64 patients without cancer. Eighty-three of these individuals had cfDNA concentrations much greater than those generally observed in healthy subjects. The major contributor of cfDNA in all samples was leukocytes, accounting for ∼76% of cfDNA, with neutrophils predominating. This was true regardless of whether the samples were derived from patients with cancer or the total plasma cfDNA concentration. High levels of cfDNA observed in patients with cancer did not come from either neoplastic cells or surrounding normal epithelial cells from the tumor's tissue of origin. These data suggest that cancers may have a systemic effect on cell turnover or DNA clearance.

Significance:

The origin of excess cfDNA in patients with cancer is unknown. Using cfDNA methylation patterns, we determined that neither the tumor nor the surrounding normal tissue contributes this excess cfDNA—rather it comes from leukocytes. This finding suggests that cancers have a systemic impact on cell turnover or DNA clearance.

See related commentary by Thierry and Pisareva, p. 2122.

This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 2109
Effectiveness and Changes in Brain Functions by an Occupational Therapy Program Incorporating Mindfulness in Outpatients with Anxiety and Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yamamoto Atsuko , Tsukuda Banri , Minami Shota , Hayamizu Seina , Naito Minami , Koshikawa Yosuke , Funatsuki Toshiya , Takano Chikashi , Ogata Haruhiko , Takekita Yoshiteru , Nishida Keiichiro , Ikeda Shunichiro , Kinoshita Toshihiko , Kato Masaki
Published: August 2023

Introduction: This study examined the efficacy of an 8-week occupational therapy program incorporating mindfulness (MOT) as a form of psychiatric rehabilitation to ameliorate residual social and occupational impairment in patients with anxiety disorders and depression. The objective was to evaluate the effects of MOT on their personal well-being and to assess the impact of MOT on brain function using quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG). Methods: This study was a randomized, wait-list control trial with assessments performed at baseline, post-intervention (9 weeks), and follow-up (18 weeks) in outpatients with anxiety disorders and depression. The MOT was conducted in small groups, comprising eight weekly 1.5-h sessions. The primary outcome was the mean score change between the pre- and post-interventions with Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery (QPR) scale. Other clinical assessments and qEEG served as secondary and biological outcomes, respectively. Results: A total of 25 patients (mean age: 44.1) were included in the analysis. The MOT group demonstrated a significantly improved QPR compared to the control group after adjusting for baseline covariates (p < 0.01). This improvement was sustained for 9 weeks after the 8-week intervention. In the qEEG analysis, a significant increase in current source density in the β2 band of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was observed in the MOT group compared to the control group (p < 0.02). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that MOT improves subjective well-being and potentially, global function. This suggests that MOT may serve as a viable option for those whose symptoms have abated but who still struggle with social and occupational functioning.
Effects of Dihuang Yinzi Decoction on Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Zhu Yousong , Zhu Chao , Li Shaochuang , Zhao Yuting , Yang Jie , Qin Yali , Hou Jiangqi , Zhang Junlong , Han Cheng
Published: August 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the therapeutic effects of Dihuang Yinzi decoction on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and provide a medical evidence-based clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Journals Full-text Database, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, Wan Fang database, and SinoMed database, to collect clinical randomized controlled trials of Dihuang Yinzi decoction in the treatment of AD. Strict literature screening was performed based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias assessment tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system recommendation-level method was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 17 software were used for data synthesis and processing, while GRADE Profiler 3.6 software was used to evaluate the quality of evidence for outcome indicators (risk ratio, standardized mean difference, and weighted mean difference). Results: A total of 11 studies involving 798 patients met the inclusion criteria. Dihuang Yinzi decoction, whether used alone or in combination with conventional Western medicine, demonstrated superior efficacy compared to conventional Western medicine alone in improving the clinical effective rate, TCM syndrome score, activity of daily living score, Mini-Mental State Examination score, and Hasegawa Dementia Scale score in AD treatment. Furthermore, it exhibited a favorable safety profile. However, the GRADE evidence quality rating for the included studies was low. Conclusions: Dihuang Yinzi decoction, either used alone or in combination with conventional Western medicine, shows promising results in enhancing cognitive and memory functions as well as the self-care ability of patients with AD. However, the low GRADE evidence quality rating highlights the need for focused advancements in the planning and execution of clinical randomized controlled trials during future research attempts.
Analysis of Hematological Indices and Splenectomy Rates in 2,130 Patients with Hemoglobin H Diseases or β-Thalassemia
Authors: Li Yaoyun , Zhang Yaqing , Qin Lang , Shang Hangning , Li Pingping , Xiao Bin , Ye Yuhua , Xu Xiangmin , Zhang Xinhua , Wang Li
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Splenomegaly and hypersplenism are common complications of thalassemia patients due to the excessive clearance of defective red blood cells from the spleen. To date, splenectomy has been considered one of the most effective treatments for splenomegaly, reducing clinical severity among thalassemia patients. Thus, we aim to investigate the differences in splenectomy rates and hematological indices among thalassemia patients with different genotypes. Method: In this study, we analyzed the clinical data of thalassemia in 2,130 patients admitted to the 923rd Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army from January 2006 to December 2020, and the statistical software SPSS 26.0 was applied to analyze the data. Result: Of the 2,130 patients with thalassemia, 265 patients underwent splenectomy. It was determined that significantly more patients with hemoglobin H (HbH) disease, a form of α-thalassemia, have undergone splenectomy than β-thalassemia patients (20% vs. 7%). Further, HbH disease patients were diagnosed at a significantly older age than β-thalassemia patients. Conclusion: The greater probability of HbH disease patients undergoing splenectomy is likely influenced by multiple factors, including their lower dependency on transfusion, leading to high spleen compensatory stress on the spleen, and the destruction of defective erythrocytes. In contrast, β-thalassemia is clinically more severe and less tolerant of hemoglobin fluctuations. Based on these findings, clinicians are suggested to pay more attention to HbH disease patients as many of them are still under-transfused, which could lead to chronic hemolysis and more severe hepatosplenomegaly. These results might offer insight for improving the clinical management of patients with different types of thalassemia.
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Defined Extramural Venous Invasion Predicts Distant Metastasis and Reflects Strong Tumor Invasiveness in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Matsunaka Takayuki , Goi Takanori , Kurebayashi Hidetaka , Morikawa Mitsuhiro , Okazawa Hidehiko , Tsujikawa Tetsuya
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Extramural vascular invasion in patients with rectal cancer is a poor prognostic factor associated with distant metastasis; thus, accurate preoperative diagnosis is important. However, the accurate detection of extramural vascular invasion using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is difficult, and an improved diagnostic modality is required. In addition, the factors involved in the formation of extramural venous invasion (EMVI) remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to examine the ability of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/MRI ([18F] FDG PET/MRI) to detect EMVI and elucidate the factors involved in EMVI. Methods: Thirty-one patients with rectal cancer were enrolled in this study between 2017 and 2021. We preoperatively evaluated the pelvic [18F] FDG PET/MRI to detect extramural vascular invasion ([18F] FDG PET/MRI-defined EMVI: pmrEMVI). To investigate the factors related to pmrEMVI, we confirmed the desmoplastic reaction (DR) and TWIST expression in the primary lesions of rectal cancer and examined its relationship with pmrEMVI. Results: Six of the 31 patients were pmrEMVI positive. Four pmrEMVI-positive patients had distant metastases. The levels of immature DR and TWIST1 expression were significantly higher in cases with pmrEMVI positivity. Conclusion: pmrEMVI is a useful biomarker for predicting distant metastasis. In addition, pmrEMVI was significantly correlated with factors related to tumor invasiveness.
Internet das coisas como mídia: perspectivas e desafios para comunicação e design de anúncios
Authors: Pereira Everaldo , Mello Ana Paula Scabello
Published: August 2023

Esta pesquisa tem como tema comunicação, design e internet das coisas, e como objeto a interface gráfica de anúncio interativo para internet das coisas. O objetivo geral é estudar a internet das coisas como mídia a partir de uma perspectiva do design. A questão de pesquisa diz respeito a como podem ser os regimes estéticos de interação por meio da internet das coisas. Do ponto de vista teórico, a pesquisa utiliza os pressupostos da Teoria do Meio revista. Do ponto de vista metodológico, guia-se pelas ideias da Design Science Research. Essa metodologia está orientada para a solução de problemas complexos, de forma a compreendê-los e a construir e avaliar artefatos. Nesse recorte, usamos a pesquisa exploratória, a pesquisa de experiência de usuário e a criação e testes de protótipo para investigar perspectivas e obstáculos da IoT como mídia para anúncios interativos. Nesse sentido, busca-se uma integração entre a interpretação do fenômeno, do ponto de vista da comunicação, e a ciência dos dados, do ponto de vista da internet das coisas. Os resultados podem colaborar para a criação de prescrições para design gráfico de anúncios com foco no consumo responsável.
Cartas inéditas de João Cabral de Melo Neto para Rubem Braga
Authors: Ireno Rafael
Published: August 2023

Apresenta-se, aqui, três cartas inéditas do poeta João Cabral de Melo Neto para o cronista Rubem Braga. Nesta correspondência, observa-se o desevolvimento do processo editorial de Educação pela Pedra e Morte e Vida Severina e outros poemas em voz alta, ambos publicados pela Editora do Autor nos anos 60.
Poemas de Alcides Villaça
Authors: Vilaça Alcides
Published: August 2023

Poemas de Alcides Villaça
The temporal event-based model: Learning event timelines in progressive
diseases
Authors: Wijeratne Peter A. , Eshaghi Arman , Scotton William J. , Kohli Maitrei , Aksman Leon , Oxtoby Neil P. , Pustina Dorian , Warner John H. , Paulsen Jane S. , Scahill Rachael I. , Sampaio Cristina , Tabrizi Sarah J. , Alexander Daniel C.
Published: August 2023

Timelines of events, such as symptom appearance or a change in biomarker value, provide powerful signatures that characterise progressive diseases. Understanding and predicting the timing of events is important for clinical trials targeting individuals early in the disease course when putative treatments are likely to have the strongest effect. However, previous models of disease progression cannot estimate the time between events and provide only an ordering in which they change. Here, we introduce the temporal event-based model (TEBM), a new probabilistic model for inferring timelines of biomarker events from sparse and irregularly sampled datasets. We demonstrate the power of the TEBM in two neurodegenerative conditions: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Huntington’s disease (HD). In both diseases, the TEBM not only recapitulates current understanding of event orderings but also provides unique new ranges of timescales between consecutive events. We reproduce and validate these findings using external datasets in both diseases. We also demonstrate that the TEBM improves over current models; provides unique stratification capabilities; and enriches simulated clinical trials to achieve a power of 80% with less than half the cohort size compared with random selection. The application of the TEBM naturally extends to a wide range of progressive conditions.
The Arabic Citation Index: Toward a better understanding of Arab
scientific literature
Authors: El-Ouahi Jamal
Published: August 2023

The Arabic Citation Index (ARCI) was launched in 2020. This article provides an overview of the scientific literature contained in this new database and explores its possible usage in research evaluation. As of May 2022, ARCI had indexed 138,283 scientific publications published between 2015 and 2020. ARCI’s coverage is characterized by using the metadata available in scientific publications. First, I investigate the distributions of the indexed literature at various levels (research domains, countries, languages, open access). Articles make up nearly all the documents indexed with a share of 99% of ARCI. The Arts & Humanities and Social Sciences fields have the highest concentration of publications. Most indexed journals are published in Egypt, Algeria, Iraq, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia. About 8% of publications in ARCI are published in languages other than Arabic. Second, I use an unsupervised machine learning model, Latent Dirichlet Allocation, and the text mining algorithm of VOSviewer to uncover the main topics in ARCI. These methods provide a better understanding of ARCI’s thematic structure. Next, I discuss how ARCI can complement global standards in the context of a more inclusive research evaluation. Finally, I suggest a few research opportunities after discussing the findings of this study.
What Do Scientists Mean When They Talk About Research Animals “Volunteering”?
Authors: Palmer Alexandra , Greenhough Beth , Hobson-West Pru , Davies Gail , Message Reuben
Published: August 2023

This paper examines discourses around “volunteering” in animal research. Through a qualitative textual analysis of the scientific literature using animals in behavioral and psychological research, we demonstrate that “voluntary” and related terms are used by scientists in a variety of distinct ways, which carry a range of ethical and political connotations. While any reference to volunteering might be assumed to imply free, unconstrained, and unpaid participation in an activity, in the animal research literature the term is often used simply to signal a lack of physical restraint, even though other human-imposed constraints are at play. Though truly voluntary behavior may be impossible, we nevertheless argue that there is a case for seeing use of the language of volunteering as an ethical or political move in which scientists aim to highlight a goal of minimizing human control, promoting animal welfare, or representing their research as ethically acceptable.
Cultures of Taḥqīq between the Mongols, the Mughals, and the Mediterranean
Authors: Casale Giancarlo
Published: August 2023

Across wide-ranging areas of Islamic thought, taḥqīq is an essential “way of knowing,” an epistemology broadly rooted in independent reasoning, empirical observation, openness to allegorical interpretation, and skepticism towards “received tradition.” Over the past few years, it has attracted the attention of an increasing number of scholars of both the Islamic Mediterranean and the Indo-Persian world, who have found taḥqīq to be a richly productive frame for re-interpreting and re-invigorating the study of intellectual, cultural, scientific, and literary life during the centuries stretching, roughly speaking, from around 1300 to around 1700. As they have done so, however, Mediterraneanists and Indo-Persianists have developed ways of conceptualizing taḥqīq that are vastly divergent – in some sense, even incommensurate. Against this background, the present collection of essays proposes a new, shared history of early modern taḥqīq as an epistemology of empire, with common origins in the Mongol conquests of the thirteenth century, and with ramifications stretching well into the era of European modernity.
Anatomy of Mode-1 Internal Solitary Waves Derived From Seaglider Observations in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Yang Kai-Chieh , Jan Sen , Yang Yiing Jang , Chang Ming-Huei , Wang Joe , Wang Shih-Hong , Ramp Steven R. , Reeder D. Benjamin , Ko Dong S.
Published: August 2023

Observations from a Seaglider, two pressure-sensor-equipped inverted echo sounders (PIESs), and a thermistor chain (T-chain) mooring were used to determine the waveform and timing of internal solitary waves (ISWs) over the continental slope east of Dongsha Atoll. The Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) and Dubreil–Jacotin–Long (DJL) equations supplemented the data from repeated profiling by the glider at a fixed position (depth ∼1017 m) during 19–24 May 2019. The glider-recorded pressure perturbations were used to compute the rarely measured vertical velocity (w) with a static glider flight model. After removing the internal tide–caused vertical velocity, the w of the eight mode-1 ISWs ranged from −0.35 to 0.36 m s−1 with an uncertainty of ±0.005 m s−1 due to turbulent oscillations and measurement error. The horizontal velocity profiles, wave speeds, and amplitudes of the eight ISWs were further derived from the KdV and DJL equations using the glider-observed w and potential density profiles. The mean speed of the corresponding ISW from the PIES deployed at ∼2000 m depth to the T-chain moored at 500 m depth and the 19°C isotherm displacement computed from the T-chain were used to validate the waveform derived from KdV and DJL. The validation suggests that the DJL equation provides reasonably representative wave speed and amplitude for the eight ISWs compared to the KdV equation. Stand-alone glider data provide near-real-time hydrography and vertical velocities for mode-1 ISWs and are useful for characterizing the anatomy of ISWs and validating numerical simulations of these waves.

Significance Statement

Internal solitary waves (ISWs), which vertically displace isotherms by approximately 100 m, considerably affect nutrient pumping, turbulent mixing, acoustic propagation, underwater navigation, bedform generation, and engineering structures in the ocean. A complete understanding of their anatomy and dynamics has many applications, such as predicting the timing and position of mode-1 ISWs and evaluating their environmental impacts. To improve our understanding of these waves and validate the two major theories based on the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) and Dubreil–Jacotin–Long (DJL) equations, the hydrography data collected from stand-alone, real-time profiling of an autonomous underwater vehicle (Seaglider) have proven to be useful in determining the waveform of these transbasin ISWs in deep water. The solutions to the DJL equation show good agreement with the properties of mode-1 ISWs obtained from the rare in situ data, whereas the solutions to the KdV equation underestimate these properties. Seaglider observations also provide in situ data to evaluate the performance of numerical simulations and forecasting of ISWs in the northern South China Sea.
A Novel Doppler Unfolding Technique Using Optical Flow
Authors: Protat Alain , Louf Valentin , Curtis Mark
Published: August 2023

Doppler radars measure Doppler velocity within the [−VN, VN] range, where VN is the Nyquist velocity. Doppler velocities outside this range are “folded” within this interval. All Doppler “unfolding” techniques use the folded velocities themselves. In this work, we investigate the potential of using velocities derived from optical flow techniques applied to the radar reflectivity field for that purpose. The analysis of wind speed errors using six months of multi-Doppler wind retrievals showed that 99.9% of all points are characterized by errors smaller than 26 m s−1 below 5-km height, corresponding to a failure rate of less than 0.1% if optical flow winds were used to unfold Doppler velocities for VN = 26 m s−1. These errors largely increase above 5-km height, indicating that vertical continuity tests should be included to reduce failure rates at higher elevations. Following these results, we have developed the Two-step Optical Flow Unfolding (TOFU) technique, with the specific objective to accurately unfold Doppler velocities with VN = 26 m s−1. The TOFU performance was assessed using challenging case studies, comparisons with an advanced Doppler unfolding technique using higher Nyquist velocities, and 6 months of high VN (47.2 m s−1) data artificially folded to 26 m s−1. TOFU failure rates were found to be very low. Three main situations contributed to these errors: high low-level wind shear, elevated cloud layers associated with high winds, and radar data artifacts. Our recommendation is to use these unfolded winds as the first step of advanced Doppler unfolding techniques.

Significance Statement

The potential of using optical flow winds operationally to accurately unfold Doppler velocities is demonstrated in this work. The operational significance is that the Nyquist velocity can confidently be reduced to 26 m s−1, allowing for extended first trip radar maximum range and reduced contamination from dual pulse repetition frequency artifacts.
Biases and Skill of Four Two-Moment Bulk Microphysics Schemes in Convection-Allowing Forecasts for the 2018 Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecasting Experiment Period
Authors: Johnson Marcus , Xue Ming , Jung Youngsun
Published: August 2023

A proof-of-concept systematic evaluation of convective hazards is applied to short-term (1–6 h) forecasts using the Morrison, National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), Predicted Particle Properties (P3), and Thompson two-moment microphysics schemes for the 2018 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecasting Experiment (HWT SFE) period (hereafter “MORR,” “NSSL,” “P3,” and “THOM” experiments, respectively). Four convective line cases are highlighted to elaborate on relative experiment biases/skill. Composite reflectivity and 1-h accumulated precipitation are examined to determine storm coverage/precipitation biases/skill utilizing point-based verification with a neighborhood. Simulated 1–6-km updraft helicity and observed 3–6-km azimuthal shear and MESH are examined to consider simulated rotation and hail core prediction with object-based scores. Over the full season, MORR displays little overall storm coverage bias relative to NSSL, P3, and THOM underprediction. The equitable threat score (ETS) and fractions skill score (FSS) of P3 are lower than the other experiments. P3 and THOM underpredict convective regions with intense reflectivity relative to MORR and NSSL overprediction. All experiments underpredict precipitation amounts. P3 light precipitation FSS is lower than other experiments. Rotation object verification exhibits sensitivity to microphysics experiments, as microphysics has an indirect influence on storm dynamics. While P3 has the largest hail object underprediction, all experiments grossly overpredict the number of hail objects in convective line cases despite forecast objects defined with the same product (MESH) and threshold as observations. The importance of microphysics ice parameterization and ongoing scheme updates highlight the need to apply this verification framework to optimal/updated schemes before optimizing ensemble design.
Comparing Polarimetric Signatures of Proximate Pretornadic and Nontornadic Supercells in Similar Environments
Authors: Healey Devon J. , Van Den Broeke Matthew S.
Published: August 2023

While prior research has shown that characteristics of the supercell environment can indicate the likelihood of tornadogenesis, it is common for tornadic and nontornadic supercells to coexist in seemingly similar environments. Thus, some small-scale factors must support tornadogenesis in some supercells and not in others. In this study we examined polarimetric radar signatures of proximate pretornadic and nontornadic supercells in seemingly similar environments to determine if these radar signatures can indicate which proximate supercells are pretornadic and which are nontornadic. We gathered a collection of proximity supercell groups and developed a method to quantify environmental similarity between storms. Using this method, we selected pretornadic–nontornadic supercell pairs in close proximity in space and time having the most similar environments. These pairs were run through an automated tracking algorithm that quantifies polarimetric signatures in each supercell. Supercells with larger differential reflectivity (ZDR) column areas were more likely to become tornadic within the next 30 min compared to neighboring supercells with smaller ZDR column areas. In about two-thirds of pairs, the pretornadic supercell had a larger ZDR column area than the nontornadic supercell prior to its maximum low-level rotation, which is consistent with much prior work. The ZDR arcs could not discriminate between pretornadic and nontornadic supercells, and hailfall area was larger in pretornadic supercells. The separation distance between the specific differential phase (KDP) foot and the ZDR arc was larger in pretornadic supercells, yet was a limited result due to the small sample size used for comparison.

Significance Statement

Atmospheric conditions often indicate whether certain thunderstorms will produce tornadoes. However, sometimes multiple thunderstorms exist in a similar environment, and some produce tornadoes while others do not. Weather radar can identify signatures within thunderstorms that may give some indication of vertical motion, size sorting, and precipitation distributions. When multiple thunderstorms exist in a similar environment, there may be differences in these radar signatures that may indicate which thunderstorms are most likely to become tornadic. The key finding from this study is that pretornadic storms have larger radar-inferred updraft areas than neighboring nontornadic storms.
Relations between early childhood educators’ qualifications and experience and their beliefs about mathematics education for babies and toddlers
Authors: MacDonald Amy , Deehan James , Lee Paige
Published: August 2023

Cognition research has demonstrated that babies, from birth, can detect numerical correspondences and abstract properties of objects and events. However, this limited existing research is often distant from educational practice, and thus, this information may be inaccessible to early childhood educators; most of whom hold pre-Bachelor level qualifications. This quantitative study reports on a survey of 466 Australian early childhood educators to examine what relationships may exist between educators’ qualifications and experience in the profession, and their beliefs about mathematics education for babies and toddlers. Findings show that although most educators have strong, positive beliefs about mathematics education for very young children, there are significant differences in beliefs about when mathematical ideas develop in children found between educators without Bachelor level qualifications and those with Bachelor and post-graduate qualifications. Our findings lend support to Australia’s sustained quality improvement agenda for the early childhood educator sector and point to the benefits of Bachelor level teaching qualifications for establishing strong foundations in mathematics education.
The “Ironic Impact” of Pro-Democracy Activists: How Pro-Democratic Frames Undermine Support for Local Policy-Based Protests in Authoritarian Regimes
Authors: Truong Mai
Published: August 2023

Many protesters under authoritarian rule are “narrow in scope, involving only one or a few neighborhoods, villages, or groups of laid-off workers” and focus on demands that “have to do only with material interests and local grievances” (Lorentzen, 2013, p. 131). These protests typically blame local authorities and express loyalty to the political system. However, in the internet age, pro-democracy advocates often endorse and co-opt these local policy protests for their own ends. Does being endorsed by pro-democracy activists undermine support for these local policy protesters? Building on research suggesting that non-activists often perceive activists as extreme, I theorize that associating with pro-democratic frames can undermine support for local policy protesters by making the protesters seem more extreme and their protests less legal. Using an internet survey experiment in Vietnam, I find support for my argument. These findings highlight a challenge to building pro-democracy coalitions under authoritarian rule.
Structuring Intra-Party Politics: A Mixed-Method Study of Ideological and Hierarchical Factions in Parties
Authors: Kölln Ann-Kristin , Polk Jonathan
Published: August 2023

Scholars acknowledge the existence of intra-party divisions and the potentially negative electoral effects of disunity. Some assume that intra-party divides are between professional politicians and grassroots members, others highlight the importance of ideological blocs. Yet, precisely mapping factional structures, especially ideological factions, is difficult because of the “black box of intra-party politics.” Based on theories of party change and spatial competition, we argue for the existence of two distinct ideological factional dimensions that may differ from hierarchical factions. We test our expectations by triangulating evidence from three unique datasets from Sweden: a survey of party members, a media content analysis, and interviews with politicians. Our mixed-methods approach allows identifying the number, structure, content, sizes, and ideological positions of factions. The results show substantial variation in all aspects and that hierarchical and ideological factions rarely coincide. These findings have important theoretical, conceptual, and methodological implications for comparative politics.
Working through (mis)recognition: Understanding vulnerability as ambivalence in precarious worker subjectivity
Authors: Valenzuela Francisco , Manolchev Constantine , Böhm Steffen , Agar Celal Cahit
Published: August 2023

Most workers around the world are part of the precariat, characterized by non-permanent, informal, short-term, low-pay, low-skill, and insecure jobs. While there have been many socio-economic critiques of the negative impacts of precarity on workers, the literature has increasingly asked how precarious workers actually live their lives and how their subjectivities are produced on a daily basis. We contribute to this literature by providing a psychosocial account of the ambivalent experiences of precarious workers. We contend that the interplay of recognition and misrecognition plays a crucial role, as the vulnerable, working subject becomes entangled in a complex web of recognizability. We present insights from 104 in-depth interviews, providing a Lacanian analysis of how precarious workers develop unconscious attachments to neoliberal values that are central to the logic of precarity. Understanding this ambivalence helps us develop a more nuanced view of an ethics of precarious workers’ vulnerability.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Openness to Communication From Local Faith-Based Congregations During Public Health Emergencies
Authors: Santibañez Scott , Allen Elizabeth M. , Hairston Symone , Santibanez Tammy A. , Jeon Seonghye , Hayman Kimberly
Published: August 2023

Objectives:

During public health emergencies, people at risk of exposure or illness will likely be presented with extensive information about an unfamiliar topic and be asked to make decisions quickly. In difficult situations, people often turn to trusted leaders, including from their local faith-based congregation (FBC). We examined how people receive, interpret, and respond to health communication information from clergy and lay leaders from their local FBC during public health emergencies.

Methods:

We analyzed responses to 10 questions from a 2021 nationally representative US survey. Porter Novelli designed the survey and administered it to 4510 US adults aged ≥18 years, of whom 3553 people completed the survey. We examined sociodemographic characteristics, trust of health information from clergy and lay leaders, and willingness to engage in health behaviors recommended by their FBC and receive health services through their local FBC. All estimates were weighted. We conducted bivariate analysis with contrast t tests for proportions at α = .05.

Results:

More than half of adults (55.4%), including 65.8% of non-Hispanic Black and 58.8% of Hispanic or Latino adults, were members of an FBC. Among FBC members, a higher percentage of Hispanic or Latino (29.1%) and non-Hispanic Black (36.3%) adults than non-Hispanic White adults (20.4%) reported trust in their FBC for health information ( P < .05). This trust translated into greater intent to engage in health behaviors promoted by the local FBC among non-Hispanic Black respondents (31.4%) compared with non-Hispanic White respondents (22.5%) ( P < .05).

Conclusions:

Public health officials can consider ways to better understand how the cultures and practices of populations being served influence people’s health perceptions and behaviors. Collaboration between federal, state, and local public health officials and FBCs can promote health equity during public health emergencies.
Women’s Work, Visible and Invisible: Evidence, Histories and Debates from Contemporary India
Authors: Warrier M. V. Shobhana
Published: August 2023

Praveen Jha, Avinash Kumar and Yamini Mishra (Eds), Labouring Women: Issues and Challenges, Orient Longman, 2020, 328 pp., ₹950, ISBN: 9789390122073 (Paperback).
Depression and anxiety in patients with hemophilia A and B
Authors: Koseoglu Fatos D , Zuhal Demirci , Onen-Sertoz Ozen , Fahri Sahin
Published: August 2023

Objective

This study described the prevalence of and correlates of depression and anxiety in adult patients with hemophilia A and B.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we investigated patients with hemophilia who were being seen at an adult hemophilia center in Turkey. Participants were screened for depression and anxiety during their annual clinic visit, which included administration of the Beck Depression Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Scale.

Results

Of the 90 patients, 22 (24.4%) met criteria for significant depressive symptoms and 67 (74.4%) met criteria for significant anxiety symptoms. There were no significant associations between depression and any psychosocial or clinical characteristics or adherence to hemophilia prophylaxis, except for educational status. No association was found between state and trait anxiety scores and psychosocial and clinical characteristics other than hemophilia type. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariable analysis showed that high school education level was associated with depression (OR: 1.87, CI: 1.31–2.36, P = .010) and type B hemophilia was associated with anxiety (OR: 1.32, CI: 1.09–1.75, P = .042).

Conclusion

Depression and anxiety are major psychiatric comorbidities in patients with hemophilia in Turkey. Routine evaluation for mood and anxiety disorders are important in the routine care of patients with haemophilia.
Predictive Factors of Negative Spillover From Caregiving to Employment Among Japanese Family Caregivers With Older Relatives in a Care Facility
Authors: Honda Ayumi , Liu Yin , Fauth Elizabeth B. , Fleming Daniel J. M. , Zarit Steven H. , Maeta Shunsuke , Date Yutaka , Tsukigi Tatsuya , Honda Sumihisa
Published: August 2023

This cross-sectional study included 211 employed family caregivers with older relatives living in care facilities in Japan. Using multiple linear regression analysis, we examined the caregiving context after institutionalization of an older family member. Specifically, we examined predictors of negative spillover from caregiving to employment among family caregivers. The outcome was the extent of negative spillover. Primary predictors included caregiver characteristics and postinstitutionalization caregiving contexts such as caregiving tasks and dissatisfaction with institutional care services. Among all caregivers, 134 (63.5%) were female, and approximately half of all caregivers reported satisfaction with institutional care services. We found that dissatisfaction with institutional care services and being a female each had a main effect on greater negative spillover. However, they did not have any interacting effect on negative spillover after the institutionalization. Negative spillover did not terminate when older family members were institutionalized. Higher satisfaction with institutional care may reduce negative spillover.
Gender Differences in Loneliness Over Time: A 15-Year Longitudinal Study of Men and Women in the Second Part of Life
Authors: Nicolaisen Magnhild , Thorsen Kirsten
Published: August 2023

Evidence suggests that in old age, women are lonelier than men. Gender differences in loneliness are often explained by gender differences in longevity, social status and loss, health, and mobility—well-established predictors that may influence loneliness differently in “younger” (40–59 years) and “older” (60–80 years) groups of men and women in the second part of life. This study explores loneliness in men and women ages 40 to 80 years at baseline over a 15-year period using panel data from three waves of the Norwegian Life Course, Ageing and Generation Study (N = 2,315). Our analyses show that women were more lonely than men also in adjusted analyses. Logistic regression analyses indicated that loss of a partner and poor mental health are prospectively related to loneliness among men and women, whereas other factors like becoming a partner, stable singlehood, and poor physical health were related to loneliness among women but not men.
Asynchronously switched fault detection filter design for full-envelope flight vehicle
Authors: Lu Kunfeng , Wang Zhaolei , Yu Chunmei , Yao Na , Luo Wuyi
Published: August 2023

The fault detection problem of a class of full-envelope flight vehicles with time delays and packet losses is investigated. Their model is established as locally overlapped switched systems to reduce conservatism. The delays and the packet losses are transformed into the parameters of polytopic systems. The switched parameter-dependent fault detection filter (FDF) is then designed. The fault detection system stability and its [Formula: see text] performance under asynchronous switching with average dwell time are analyzed. Moreover, a parity-space–based optimization approach is presented to guarantee that the modified residual signal is sensitive to fault but robust to disturbance. An example of applying this method to the highly maneuverable technology vehicle is given to verify the method’s effectiveness.
A learning-based approach to event-triggered guaranteed cost control for completely unknown nonlinear systems
Authors: Liang Yuling , Zhang Jun , Zhao Hui , Su Hanguang , Cui Xiaohong
Published: August 2023

This paper develops a novel guaranteed cost control (GCC) approach under the event-triggered mechanism for completely unknown systems using integral reinforcement learning (IRL) algorithm. First, based on the adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) method, the GCC problem is addressed by transforming it into the optimal control problem. Second, without using the accurate information of system dynamics, a model-free data-based GCC approach is designed via IRL algorithm. Moreover, for the purpose of reducing the waste of communication resources, a GCC algorithm is presented under the event-triggered mechanism for completely unknown system by utilizing the explorized IRL algorithm. The critic–actor–disturbance neural networks (NNs) are applied to approximate near optimal solution. In addition, the weight estimations of NNs are tuned synchronously according to the designed novel triggering condition. Furthermore, the stability analysis of the controlled system is given by utilizing the Lyapunov principle. Finally, the simulation results are presented to verify the feasibility of the designed approach.