bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Properties of Porous Asphalt Mixture Made with Styrene Butadiene Styrene under Long Term Oven Ageing
Authors: Che Norazman Che Wan , Jaya Ramadhansyah Putra , Hamzah Meor Othman
Published: March 2012

Oven ageing is a set of procedure to simulate the accelerated effects of ageing on pavements structures. In this study, the effect of long-term oven ageing on porous asphalt mixture made with SBS modified binder was investigated. The resilient modulus, water permeability and air voids test results were the performance indicators used to evaluate the effects of ageing. The test results showed that, the resilient modulus of long term aged specimens was higher than those of unaged specimens. From the permeability test results, unaged SBS mixes exhibit lower coefficient permeability compared to the corresponding long-term oven age specimens. Most likely, ageing caused binder hardening, making the mix more difficult to compact and hence exhibited more continuous voids which in turn lead to higher permeability. In addition, the coefficient of permeability decreases as the binder content increased.
Preparation of the Novel Nanocomposite Biurea/Montmorillonite via In Situ Synthesis
Authors: Xu Juan , Jing Li Li , Guo Can Xiong
Published: March 2012

Using the urea intercalated montmorillonite (Urea/MMT) as the precursor, a novel nanocomposite biurea intercalated montmorillonite (Biurea/MMT) was prepared via the in-situ synthesis process through the introduction of hydrazine hydrate (HY). The resulted nanocomposites were characterized by using techniques such as XRD, FTIR, solid state NMR as well as thermal analyses, etc. The influence of the concentration of the HY on the products was also investigated. The XRD results showed the variation of the interlayer spacing of MMT from 1.51 nm to 1.71 nm for Urea/MMT. When the concentration of HY was low, the substitution of urea by HY was taken place which resulted in the decrease of the interlayer distance to 1.27nm. When the concentration increased to greater than 40%, the new phase with basal spacing of 1.75 nm was dominated. It indicated that a novel nanocomposite was synthesized in-situ. The solid state NMR results confirmed the in-situ formation of Biurea/MMT in which the chemical shifts of13C and15N of the intercalated biurea were slightly different from the bulk biurea. The intercalated biurea decomposed easily than those bulk powders due to the highly dispersion in the interlayer space of MMT.
Combined Effects between Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Cigarette Smoke on Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Wang Xi Kai , Ye Bing , Zhang Yan Qiu , Fu Yan Yun , Zhang Tao , Li Xiao Bo , Yin Li Hong , Pu Yue Pu , Liang Ge Yu
Published: March 2012

To evaluate the combined cytotoxicity effects between functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-PC) and cigarette smoke solution (CSS), 16-HBE cells was used as the target cells and exposed to various concentrations of MWCNTs-PC and CSS combined together. Cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, DNA damage were detected by Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, single cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE) and micronuclear assay, respectively. The dose-dependent cytotoxic and genetic effects of CSS were found in our study. However, compared to the control group, the MWCNTs-PC exposed groups showed no significant difference in all concentration, with or without CSS exposure. It suggests that the MWCNTs-PC did not influence cellular toxicity or DNA damage of CSS on 16-HBE cells. No combined cytotoxic effects between NWCNTs-PC and CSS were found in this study.
A Computational Method for Modeling Interface Corner Crack under Steady-State Delamination
Authors: Veluri Badrinath , Jensen Henrik Myhre
Published: March 2012

Corner cracks under steady-state delamination were investigated. The fracture mechanics parameters that include the strain energy release rate and the three-dimensional mode-mixity along the interface crack front are estimated. A numerical approach was then applied for coupling the far field solutions based on the Finite Element Method to the near field (crack tip) solutions based on the J-integral methodology. A quantitative approach was formulated based on the finite element method with iterative adjustment of the crack front nodal coordinates to estimate the critical delamination stresses as a function of the fracture criterion and corner angles.
Comparison of Field Emission Performance for Different Diameter Carbon Nanotubes Films
Authors: Chen Gang , Ma Hui Zhong , Zhang Lan , Chen Hong Ye , Xia Qiue , Yao Ning , Zhang Bing Lin
Published: March 2012

Three kinds of different diameter carbon nanotubes (CNTS) films deposited on aluminum sheets by electrophoretic deposition method. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the surface morphology of the films. The field emission properties of the films were tested by using a diode structure. The turn-on field for 8nm diameter CNTs film was 0.8V/μm and the current density of 5200μA/cm2 was obtained at 2.3V/μm. While corresponding data for 15nm and 30nm CNTs films were 1.6V/μm, 1.4V/μm, and 2200μA/cm2, 850μA/cm2 at 3.0V/μm respectively. The deposited film with 8nm diameter CNTs appeared excellent emission properties.
A New Method of On-Line Fault Monitoring Based on Nonlinear MPCA
Authors: Xiao Ying Wang , Jun Yang
Published: March 2012

Multiway principal components analysis (MPCA) is a linear model in nature, thus, limited when it is applied to batch process. In this paper, the linear model MPCA was complemented with an autoassociative neural network model in order to generate nonlinear principal components. The networks bottleneck layer outputs (nonlinear principal components) were made orthogonal. A method to estimate confidence limits based on a kernel probability density function was proposed since the nonlinear scores are no normally distributed. A statistic-like parameter () was proposed to evaluate on-line scores for new runs using the density estimated confidence bounds and replacing the statistic. The proposed method was applied to monitoring fed-batch streptomycete production, and the simulation results show that the nonlinear scores obtained with the autoassociative neural networks capture more process data variance than if obtained with a linear method and the density estimation method proved to be more reliable.
Analysis of the Repairing Wheel Movement for CNC Dressing System of Formed Grinding Wheel
Authors: Yang Yan Zhu , Liu Wei Liang , Yan Ru Zhong
Published: March 2012

The movement of repairing wheel is not easy to design for CNC dressing system of formed grinding wheel, especially for complicated shape grinding wheels. The design of control algorithm is depended on the movement of repairing wheel. And the accuracy of the CNC system is also determined by the movement of repairing wheel. A dressing system with three axis simultaneous movement is introduced in this paper. The movement of repairing wheel is analyzed. A design for moving path of repairing wheel is proposed to adapt different kind of formed grinding wheel. And a curve fitting method for profiling of grinding wheel is designed.
Size-Dependence of Elasticity of Phosphorus-Doped Silicon Nano-Plates
Authors: Wang Jing
Published: March 2012

Elasticity of phosphorus (P)-doped silicon nanoplates has been investigated by a semi-continuum approach which captures the atomistic physics and retains the efficiency of continuum models. Youngs modulus of silicon (001) nanoplates along [10 direction is obtained by the developed semi-continuum approach. The results show that P-doping has an effect on the elasticity of silicon nanoplates, especially with the variation of doping concentration. The model predicts that Youngs moduli of P-doped silicon nanoplates are size-dependence.
Effects of Phosphoryl Choline Grafted Water Soluble Carbon Nanotubes Examined by Different Cytotoxicity Methods in 16-HEB Cells
Authors: Zhang Yan Qiu , Ye Bing , Wang Xi Kai , Fu Yan Yun , Zhang Tao , Li Xiao Bo , Yin Li Hong , Pu Yue Pu , Liang Ge Yu
Published: March 2012

The widespread explored application of water soluble carbon nanotubes makes it important to understand their potential toxic effects on health. This study investigates the effects of phosphoryl choline grafted water soluble multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-PC) on human bronchial epithelial (16-HBE) cells by different cytotoxicity methods in vitro. Various concentrations of MWCNTs-PC were incubated with 16-HBE cells, the effects of cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell cycle and DNA damage were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, single cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE) and micronuclear assay, respectively. Compared with the control group, there were no significant differences in the changes of cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell cycle and DNA damage. Within the experimental concentrations of MWCNTs-PC, no obviously cytotoxicity and DNA damage was observed on 16-HBE cells in this study.
Preparation of Metal Ions Adsorbent with High Adsorption Capacity by Coupling Glycine to Sepharose 4B
Authors: Qin Zong Hua , Cai Han Ning , Li Ren Qiang
Published: March 2012

After Sepharose 4B polymer beads were activated by using epichlorohydrin, glycine was binded with them to prepare an immobilized carboxyl group ion exchange adsorbent. The coupling rate was that 18.3 mg Gly could be fixed by 1 g of wet Sepharose 4B beads. At pH 9, this adsorbent showed power adsorption to metal ions with Ca2+16.49 mg，Mg2+6.92 mg，Fe2+11.06 mg，Fe3+4.98 mg and Mn2+11.84 mg were respectively adsorbed by 20 g of wet Sepharose 4B beads during saturated adsorption. Moreover, this absorbent possessed the properties with good stability, regeneration easily and low cost.
Design and Research on Electric Power Assistant Book Vehicle of Library
Authors: Zhao Tian Feng , Cao Jian Bo , Lu Na , Zhou Ze Bin , Ge Cai Jun
Published: March 2012

To solve the problems of traditional library book vehicle: high labor intensity and low efficiency, a new book vehicle with electric power assistant was studied and designed. It included the body system and the control system. The body system could load books and achieve orientation function. The control system could achieve electric power assistant automatically according to wheel speed. The book vehicle was advantaged in simple structure, easy to use, saving manpower, high efficiency, so it was deserved to be used wildly.
Application of Crosshole Sonic Logging in Foundation Pile Integrity Detection
Authors: Yan Xiao Xin , Yang Fei , Li Wei Tao , Li Ai Hua
Published: March 2012

This article introduces the application of crosshole sonic logging in foundation pile integrity detection and the basic theory and application of crosshole sonic logging, and narrates the detection technology and way to judge detection results by engineering projects.
A Study on Satellite-Ground Link of the Satellite Receiving Station
Authors: Li Cheng , Luo Fu Jun , Zhang Wen Yi
Published: March 2012

The analysis of the linkage between ground station and satellite is the premise of scheduling the ground data receiving task, which includes the time window calculation, satellite relative antenna's azimuth, elevation angle calculation. This article studies the linkage between ground station and satellite. Meanwhile, with the aid of the world wind platform, it develops the demo software of the 3-dimensional modeling to study the simulation to link the star, and it can calculate time window, the azimuth angle between the land and elevation angle. It proves that software-testing results agree with STK software calculation results. Thus, the software is reliable to provide the scientific basis for the selection of ground stations' location and nets planning.
Telescope-Style Motion Interface System for Interaction with Virtual Environment
Authors: He Chang Yu , Hu Xiao Ming , Liu Yue , Wang Yong Tian , Cheng Hao Bo
Published: March 2012

Motion tracking has shown promise as a powerful technique to improve interaction function in Virtual Reality (VR).Users can interact naturally with virtual environment by using body motion as the interface. This paper presents a design of a telescope-style interaction system combined with an inertial/magnetic motion tracking unit for users’ interacting with the virtual environment and a near-to-eye display system supplying visual virtual environment to users. Since the movement acceleration will cause the error of accelerometer measurement, users will feel uncomfortable and cannot interact well with the virtual environment because of pictures’ jitter. To enhance the user's immersion in the virtual environment, a Kalman filter is designed to ensure the accuracy of users’ motion information. Performance of the estimation’s precision is shown in the experiments and results.
From Study to Design of an Information Database for Integrated Water Resources Management of Changzhi City
Authors: Feng Lin Wei , Wu Ju Guo , Li Fu Cui , Xing Shu Yan , Jin Hua
Published: March 2012

Some management information databases (MIBS) have been developed in recent years to help the water resource managers with more effective and fast work. Yet few integrated models of water resources management can be observed so far. This paper discussed and designed the Integrated Water Resources Management Information Database (IWRMI-Database) for Changzhi City, Shanxi Province. In this database, the requirements of water-use statistics, water intake permission and levy on water resources were studied in detail, the data which play a decisive role in management were analyzed, and the concept and physical models of the database were built with the modeling tool, Sybase Power Designer, which greatly saved the development time.
Parallel Schedule Method of SMP2 Models under SOA
Authors: Wang Chao , Hou Hong Tao , Li Qun , Wang Wei Ping
Published: March 2012

To achieve the parallel schedule of SMP2 models under the Service Oriented Architecture, a parallel schedule method of SMP2 model is put forward. The assignment method of serial model schedule task is promoted based on the analysis of the four traditional serial model schedule tasks in the SMP2.Then three schedule tasks which can not be scheduled parallelized were reformed and the schedule processes were introduced. Finally, the schedule service interface was extended and the parallel simulation component interface, time manager interface and message manager interface were defined to conduct the implementation of parallel simulation component.
Inertial Piezoelectric Micro Rotary Actuator
Authors: Wen Jian Ming , Ma Ji Jie , Zhang Zhong Hua , Cheng Guang Ming , Kan Jun Wu
Published: March 2012

A newly inertial piezoelectric rotary actuator is proposed based on controlling the orderly changes of friction force between the rotator and supporting faces in mechanical way. The dynamic simulation model of the actuator is derived. A prototype small inertial rotary actuator characterized by two symmetric piezoelectric stacks has been fabricated based on the proposed method. The actuator can rotate when it is powered with a square-wave or sine-wave voltage. The experimental and simulation results show that its angular speed is proportional to both the driving voltage’s amplitude and the frequency. The experimental results also show good agreement with the simulation analysis.
FEM Analysis for Bending Strength of Active Gear Design
Authors: Li Wei , Liu Ning , Li Ning , Zhao Wei , Liu Jun Ping
Published: March 2012

Gear design is based on the standard gear rack parameter in modern gear design. This makes gear design indirect and passive. However, the standard rack parameters have certain limitations on gear parameters and performances. Some good designs with nonstandard parameters are excluded. In order to meet practical requirements and improve the stress performances, a active gear design method is proposed in this paper. 3D gear modal is designed basing on active design method by PRO/E software. The bending stress of tooth root which is affected by gear shaft and tooth width is analyzed by FEM software ANSYS. This paper has a certain reference value for the gear design with high performance.
Mode-III Stress Intensity Factor by Williams Element with Generalized Degrees of Freedom
Authors: Xu Hua , Yang Lu Feng , She Zhen Ping
Published: March 2012

Williams series are developed for mode III cracks, based on which the displacement field is defined in the singular region around the crack tip. The Williams element with generalized degrees of freedom (GDOFs) is proposed for analysis of stress intensity factor (SIF) of mode III crack. The SIF at the crack tip can be evaluated analytically by one of the undetermined constants of the Williams element. The influence of the relative length of the crack on the SIF is investigated. Three important parameters for the Williams element, including the radial scale factor, the number of subelements and the terms of the Williams series, are discussed in detail. Numerical example shows that the Williams element is of accuracy and efficiency.
Research and Application of Polycrystalline Mullite Fiber Device
Authors: Yao Rong Qing , Lou Jian Zhong
Published: March 2012

Polycrystalline mullite is now the ultra light-weight and high-temperature refractory material. Through the introduction of the technical background of polycrystalline mullite, analysis the processing of polycrystalline mullite production and technology of the Polycrystalline mullite fiber. The main equipment of polycrystalline mullite production line including spinning device, pressure cookers and spinning head has been designed. The main technical difficulty of the polycrystalline mullite fiber production has been solved. Test results are satisfactory, the equipment fully complies with production requirements and the product has gotten a good application in the production.
The Brief Introduction of the Conditions for Extreme Range in the Motion of Oblique and up Throwing
Authors: Li Hong , You Xiao Lin
Published: March 2012

this paper takes the motion of oblique and up throwing as the research object, analyses it by using Lagrange multiplier method, and deduce out the conditional formula for the extreme range which is suitable for all kinds of motion of oblique and up throwing.
Research on Function of Switching Center to Data Integration System
Authors: Wang Qing Jun , Ma Xi
Published: March 2012

All data of the data integration system needs to be transmitted through a data switching center, which is responsible for functions including collection, integration, storage, blending, switching and pre-treatment of real-times data. Included functions are real-time data caching, standardization of data interfaces, management engine for data integration, data pre-treatment and management terminal to the data switching center.
Knowledge-Based Description Logic ALCO Knowledge Compiled Algorithm to Determine Consistency
Authors: Jiang Ya Qiong , Wang Jun
Published: March 2012

Knowledge compilation is a common technique for propositional logic knowledge bases. A given knowledge base is transformed into a normal form, for which reasoning can be answered efficiently. The precompilation of description logic knowledge base is important for reasoning and services of description logic. This paper gives precompilation about the description logic ALCO TBox based on knowledge compilation techniques, for which the consistency of TBox can be determined.
Variation of Wood Density in Larch in Northeast of China
Authors: Liu Ming Yu , Liu Yin Bang , Jiang Li Chun
Published: March 2012

Wood density was investigated in seven dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr.) trees grown in northeastern China. Six discs (about 5 cm thick) were cut from each tree (i.e. from the root stem, at breast height (1.3m), and at 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of the total height). For each disc, a thick sliver with parallel sides was cut out along the diameter of the disc. The sliver was about 40-mm thick, with the pith located in the middle. Eight small pieces were cut from the sliver with equal distance from pith to bark. Wood density of small piece was obtained using water displacement method. Significant variation in wood density was observed among sections for different heights. Wood density increases from pith to bark for all height categories and decreases from the stump to top of the tree height.
Study and Analyze on Feature Selection in Text Categorization for Engineering Domain
Authors: Wu Jun Yun
Published: March 2012

First this paper makes a brief introduction about DF, expected cross entropy, MI, IG, and statistic. Then combining with KNN classification algorithm, it assesses the four methods of feature selection by recall, precision, F1. At last, this paper proposes and discusses one method of improving MI.
Comparative Analysis and Selection of Seal Structure between the Piston and Casing of Rapping Device
Authors: Yu Jiu Yang , Chen Yi Wen , Zheng Xiao Tao , Lin Wei , Nie Si Hao
Published: March 2012

ANSYS was employed to build nonlinear finite element models of seal structure of double-Y and quad-ring between the piston and casing of rapping device respectively. The relationships of the contact stress versus fluid pressure and the Von-Mises equivalent stress versus working pressure of fluid were obtained. The comparison of the two calculated results presented the seal structure of double-Y was proper for rapping device between the piston and casing.
Bainite Growth Behavior at the Early Stage of Transformation at Low Temperature
Authors: Kong De Qun , Liu Qing Suo , Dong Zhan Ji
Published: March 2012

The growth behavior of the bainite obtained by short-time isothermal transformation at 200°C in the high carbon silicon-containing steel has been investigated. It is found that the bainite appears the plates consisting of single ferrite phase, and that both the lateral growth and longitudinal growth of bainite have weak ability to traverse the lattice-distortion strain fields and grain interface of austenite.
The Approaches for Estimation of Grain Size in Digital Steel Microscopic Image
Authors: Sun Qiu Dong , Qiu Yong Ping , Ma Wen Xin , Yan Wen Ying
Published: March 2012

The estimation of grain size is the important basis of metallographical analysis. The definitions of grain size, area, average area, chord, major axis, minor axis, diameter and average diameter are given in this article. A filling-and-elimination counting method is also introduced to count the number of grains in the digital steel microscopic image. The equations for calculating average area and diameter of grains are presented too. Finally, an algorithm for calculating grain’s average diameter is given. The experimental results show that the proposed approaches are efficient and practical.
Research on the Strategies of Earthquake Resistant Materials and Design
Authors: Sun Ke Zhen
Published: March 2012

The paper discusses the contents of ecological safety strategies in the ecological safety design and the eco-city planning, the strategy of earthquake resistant materials and structural strategy, the appropriate technology, reliable technology and conceptual design of earthquake engineering, the major controllable factor in the ecological safety strategies, and then examines effective planning and design, the relationship between urban life and it’s planning, architectural function and the personal safety problems, selection of appropriate sites and environmentally sustainable site development, etc. In the case of seismic emergency, the best way is to alter public spaces into disaster prevention area, provide enough area for creating disasters prevention strongholds. In addition to these, the article studies the relationship among the urban ecosystem and the building ecosystem, the planning and design integrated ecology, the method of interdisciplinary working. This article also argues the problems of ecological safety strategies in the urban planning and the architecture design, and the main contents of ecological safety strategies under the concept of low-carbon strategy. From a whole urban ecosystem, to a building ecosystem, some strategies of eco-city planning and ecological safety design are studied. It includes the strategies of urban environment and sustainable development under the principle in low-carbon strategy, which is in conflict with rapid economies and ecological conservation.
Study on Structure and Tanning Properties of Copolymer of Resorcinol and 3,5-Dihydroxyl Benzoic Acid
Authors: Lv Sheng Hua , Rui Gong , Li Di
Published: March 2012

The radical copolymerization of resorcinol (RSC) and 3,5-dihydroxyl benzoic (DHBA) was carried out in water by the initiator of horseradish (HRP)/H2O2. It was discussed that the effects of monomer composition on the properties of the copolymer. The best monomer mass ratio of RSC:DHBA was 60:40 and the shrink temperature can reached to 88.5oC. The tanning result indicated that the copolymer of RSC and DHPA has particularly excellent tanning properties and can be served as leather tannage substitute for chrome tanning materials. And also the mechanism of the HRP initiated copolymerization was proposed. The structure and molecular weight of the copolymer was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). The copolymer can be as tannage and retannage in making leather process. The results showed that it has excellent tanning properties and retanning effects.
On the Design Method of Noise Reduction of Centrifugal Fan
Authors: Peng Li Xia
Published: March 2012

The application of centrifugal fan is wide, but the huge noise can pollute the environment. This paper will discuss the mechanism of centrifugal blower noise generation, and put forward noise reduction method in designing centrifugal blower creatively, thus can solve the problems effectively.
The Research on Architecture Design Engineering Method Based on Computer Virtual Reality Technology
Authors: Mao Zhi Yi
Published: March 2012

Also known as virtual reality or virtual reality environments virtual environment, is rapidly developing a comprehensive computer and interactive graphics technology, which integrates computer graphics, multimedia, artificial intelligence, multi-sensor, network parallel processing, the use of computer-generated three-dimensional space image synthesis technology to achieve the goal, through visual, hearing, touch, in order to render the graphics and animation, the viewer, "seeing is bright." Virtual reality technology is an integrated building design approach, designed to reduce labor intensity, shorten the design cycle, improve design quality, saving investment. Designers to design the building and engineering units can communicate with each other on the World Wide Web.
Existence and Infinitely Many of Solutions to a Class of Initial Value Problems for a First Order Differential System
Authors: Nie Hai Yan
Published: March 2012

By the Picard iteration and Arzela-Ascoli Theorem, we first derive a sufficient for the existence of positive entire solutions to a class of initial value problems for a first order differential systems, then give all the infinitely many nonnegative entire solutions for the autonomous system.
Experimental Study on Composite Deformation of Drawing-Flanging for Axisymmetric Holed Slab
Authors: Yu Jiang Hong , Hu Chen Wu , Yao Qi Shui , Wu Ruo Mei
Published: March 2012

The experimental study on the influencing regularity of the technological parameters to the deformed tendency & the forming load during drawing forming axisymmetric holed slab was carried out. The influence of the pre-punched hole size, and punching stroke o n the deformed tendency & their r elation with the forming load were analyzed. Result of experiment can be used as basic consideration for the process design of drawing after hole punching and the techno logical measures to punch technological hole for releasing stress at the region difficult to form to improve the deformation degree.
Square Cracks in Three-Dimensional Transversely Isotropic Solids
Authors: Bian Ya Dong , Sun Yu Zhou
Published: March 2012

This paper presents a study for the square crack in a three-dimensional infinite transversely isotropic medium, which can model the fracture damage of rock that displays transversely isotropic behavior. The study is based on a newly derived boundary integral equation. To carry out the numerical simulation, the crack opening displacement is first expressed as the product of the weight functions and the characteristic terms, and the unknown weight is approximated with the moving least-square approximation. A boundary type numerical scheme is established, and the effect of the orientation of the principle axis on the stress intensity factor is studied. The interaction between two coplanar square cracks are also modeled and discussed.
A Crack Segmentation Approach Using the Combination of Gray Thresholds and Fractal Feature
Authors: Yang Song , Shao Long Tan , Guo Xiao Xia , Liu Xiao , Zhao Bo Ya
Published: March 2012

A segmentation method of combining gray-level threshold and fractal feature for crack images is proposed, and the fractal law for the perimeter and area of the target is introduced as the constraint condition for the image segmentation of crack. At first, Otsu algorithm is used for the initial segmentation of the crack image, and then the edge of crack is optimized in accordance with fractal law. At last, boundary of crack is determined, and the final result of the image segmentation is obtained. This method makes full use of the fractal geometry law and image information, to effectively solve the problems such as crack contour detection, regional connection and cross crack identification. Several typical examples are analyzed, and the results show that this method has a good segmentation effect on crack images, and it can also be used to identify the other images which have fractal feature.
Sorption Behavior of Strong Acid Cationic Exchange Fiber for Indium
Authors: Li Ming Yu , Lv Jun Jun , Zeng Qing Xuan , Li Jian Bo
Published: March 2012

In (III) was quantitative adsorption by strong acid cationic exchange fiber (SACEF) in the medium of pH=2.50 sulphuric aicd. The statically saturated sorption capacity of SACEF was 153.8 mgg-1. 0.5 molL-1 H2SO4 could be used as an eluant. The elution efficiency was 99%. The SACEF could be regenerated and reused without apparent decrease of sorption capacity. The sorption rate constant was k287K=0.09379 gmg-1min-1, k300 K=0.1159 gmg-1min-1, k321 K=0.4046 gmg-1min-1 and k350 K=0.6678 gmg-1min-1, respectively. The apparent sorption activation energy of SACEF for In (III) was 28.28 kJmol-1.The sorption behavior of SACEF for In (III) obeyed the Freundlich isotherm. The enthalpy change was H=5.67 kJmol-1.
Development of Thermal Insulation Composite Material from Recycled Polymer and Recycled Glass
Authors: Pěnčík Jan , Matějka Libor , Kalužová Alena , Matějka Libor , Dostálová Darina , Pospíšil Tomáš
Published: March 2012

With the sustainable construction the emphasis is placed on saving energy, reducing of consumption of natural resources, extending the life cycle of recycling, etc. One of the important groups of waste materials that can be reused are waste polymers. These materials are used in the design of thermal insulation composite material. The crucial property of materials used for thermal insulation is the coefficient of thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity coefficients of waste polymers however do not meet the requirements. For this reason, waste polymers are within the development of thermal insulation composite material combined with filler with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity. In developing of this composite material the developers combine a method of theoretically optimized software design of blends with their production and experimental verification. Possibility of application of thermal insulation composite material can be seen especially in the structural details, in which it is necessary to eliminate the thermal bridges, but also details where the requirements are applied to the mechanical resistance and static load bearing capacity.
Research on Electrochemical Properties of LiMnPO4 Synthesized by High Temperature Solid-Phase Method
Authors: Zhong Sheng Kui , Zhang Ying Mei , Li Wei , Xu Yue Bin
Published: March 2012

LiMnPO4cathode material for lithium ion batteries was synthesized by high temperature solid-phase method using MnCO3, Li2CO3, NH4H2PO4as raw materials. The structure of samples was identified by XRD analysis and the particle surface morphology was examined by SEM. The results of XRD showed that the LiMnPO4sample sintered at 700°C for 20h had single ordered olivine structure. The SEM pattern showed that spherical particles distributed uniformly. Respectively, it figured out that the initial charge and discharge capacities of the samples at 0.05C rate were 133.9 and 66.4mAh•g-1.
Modeling of Adsorption Isotherms for Supercritical Hydrogen on A and X Zeolite
Authors: Du Xiao Ming
Published: March 2012

we give the analytic solution of Ono-Kondo equation based on lattice theory to describe the supercritical high-pressure hydrogen adsorption inside cylindric pores of adsorbents, and predict adsorption isotherms for hydrogen on A and X type zeolite at 77K. It is shown that the model reflects the peculiar features in adsorption isotherms of supercritical hydrogen in particular, a maximum in the adsorption with increasing pressure) .The results from prediction are compared with the experimental data. It shows that the model can elucidate the peculiar features in adsorption isotherms of supercritical hydrogen which are fundamentally different from those of standard (IUPAC) classification, and the results from the equation also qualitatively reflect the experimental results.
Preparation and Properties of Corn Stalk Cellulose Microcrystal Reinforced Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composite Film
Authors: Li Chun Guang , Li Chun Li , Cui Jie Hu , Liu Lei , Zhang Rui
Published: March 2012

The biodegradable composite films were prepared from corn stalk microcrystalline cellulose as filler and poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) as polymeric matrix. The crystallinity, the tensile properties and the thermal properties of the composites were tested. Corn stalk microcrystalline cellulose was distributed in PVA films as the crystalline state. The results show that the tensile properties and thermal properties were improved with the addition of corn stalk microcrystalline cellulose. When corn stalk microcrystalline cellulose mass fraction was 10%, both temperature of initial decomposition and maximum weight loss rate of composite film were raised by 19.25°C and 17.17°C, and the tensile strength increased by 37.91%, and the elongation at break increased by 58.93% compared to those of pure PVA.
Study on Tanning Properties of Modified Tannic Acid with Sulfanilic Acid Using Horseradish Peroxidase
Authors: Hou Ming Ming , Lv Sheng Hua
Published: March 2012

Tannic acid (TA) was modified by sulfanilic acid (SAA) using HRP catalysis in aqueous phase. The structure of modified TA was characterized by FTIR. The tanning properties of modified TA have been studied by the tanning test together with aluminum and chrome tannages. The tanning results show that the modified TA is suitable for use as pretannage and in combinaton with chrome and aluminum tannage. The shrink temperature (Ts) of leather tanned using 6% modified TA and 2% chrome tannage can reach to 92.0 oC by the modified TA and and chrome tannage by sequential step. The applied leather has merits of good uniformity, fullness, softness and fine grain. With this method, the dosage of chrome tannage is lessened and environment pollution is alleviated.
Study on pH Fluorescent Probe Based on Exocyclic Ring-Fused Boron Dipyrromethene Fluorophore
Authors: Xu Hai Yun , Liu Qi Feng , Zhao Wen Xian , Feng Cui Lan
Published: March 2012

Compound d was prepared by the improved three-step synthetic route using cyclohexene as starting material. After treatment of d with excess LiAlH4 at high temperature, the obtained e was reacted with various kinds of aromatic aldehydes including 4-N, N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, benzaldehyde and 4-formyl-benzo-15-crown-5, respectively, in the presence of CF3COOH and oxidated with DDQ, followed by treatment with NEt3 and BF3.Et2O to provide five kinds of BODIPY derivatives fused with exocyclic rings. Their absorption and fluorescence properties were investigated. The fluorometric titrations were performed to examine their responsive abilities to pH in CH3OH-H2O (1:1, V/V). The results indicate that BODIPY 1 and 2 can be applied as a fluorescent probe for pH sensing in the acid and alkaline region, respectively, and switching between the fluorescence “ON/OFF” states in BODIPY 1 or 2 can be repeated by modulation of protonation/deprotonation process without decomposition and formation of precipitates. Moreover, the design principle and sensing mechanism of two probes are also preliminarily discussed.
Design and Analysis of a New-Type Sand Energy Storage System for Wind Power Stations
Authors: Sun Han Han , Miao Yun
Published: March 2012

Pumped storage is one of the optimum and practical methods acting as an energy storage plan for conventional wind power stations. However, in northwestern China where more than 50% of China's total available wind energy exists, water resources are always too scarce to support any energy storage systems. To solve this contradiction, this paper puts forward a new-type storage plan for wind power stations, namely the Sand Energy Storage System(SESS). This plan needs masses of sand or gravel as an energy storage medium and simulates the working principle of pumped storage, yet certain devices are specially designed. Additionally, this paper demonstrates further exploration of the SESS by means of a model experiment, and ensuing analysis is made according to actual situations.
The Preparation of BiOCl Microspheres and its Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Du Xiao Chao , Zhao Wen Wen , Liu Ya Wei , Huang Xiang Ping , Mao Feng
Published: March 2012

The BiOCl microspheres photocatalyst was obtained by a one-step alcohol-heating method. The reactants were Bi(NO3)3•5H2O、TiCl3 and absolute ethanol, and the sample was synthesized at 100°C and calcined at 600°C. It then characterized by XRD, SEM, UV-vis DRS. The results showed that the sample was microspheres, having excellent photocatalytic activity that the sample could degradate more than 94% of RhB in 65 minites which is better than P25 under UV irradiation.
Investigation of Some Fundamental Properties of Permeable Concrete
Authors: Hussin Manal , Yan Zhu Ge , Bullen Frank , Lokuge Weena
Published: March 2012

This paper presents the outcomes from a laboratory based research study undertaken to evaluate the fundamental properties of permeable concrete, including compressive strength, global and local strain, elastic modulus (stiffness), porosity and permeability. Six permeable concrete mixtures were made with constant water - cement ratio of 0.34, using different aggregate sizes and sand percentages. The compressive strength range was 15-35 MPa, while the permeability varied between 1.5 to 5.5mm/s and the porosity varied between 25 to 35 %. Two testing methods were used to measure the strain and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the permeable concrete namely, platen-to-platen method and strain gauge method. Considerable difference was found between the MOEs obtained by the two methods. The MOE determined using the platen-to-platen method consistently were lower in value, which has been attributed to the softness of the capping components, the interface between the specimens and the platen and overall machine compliance. The pore characteristics and their distribution were seen to have an influence on the material responses such as material stiffness and strain. A comparison drawn between the axial strain obtained by the strain gauge measurement and that deduced from the platen-to-platen measurement was undertaken to evaluate the strain homogeneity along with possible detection of the localization phenomena.
Vibration Characteristics Analysis of an Aero-Engine Turbine Blade
Authors: Zhao Wei Qiang , Liu Yong Xian , Lu Mo Wu , Guo Qing Jun
Published: March 2012

This paper introduces the FEA method for a certain type of aero-engine turbine blade and makes a vibration characteristics analysis to this aero-engine turbine blade based on this method. The vibration characteristic of this aero-engine turbine blade is studied and the natural modal of the turbine blade is calculated based on UG software. The first six natural frequencies and mode shapes are given. According to the analysis results the dynamic characteristics of the blade are discussed. The analysis method and results in this paper can be used for further study on optimal design and vibration safety verification for the blade.
Preparation of Porous Ceramic Separation Membrane Supports
Authors: Wang Jian Gen , Liu Ya Hui
Published: March 2012

This study used alumina fine as main raw materials to prepare the porous ceramic separation membrane supports. The effects of different the sintering temperature and holding time on ceramic separation membrane supports are studied, and the TG/DSC curves of raw materials powder are analyzed by the preparation process. The results show that sintering temperature 1200°C, holding time 6 h, pore-forming agent more than 20%, prepared the uniform pore size distribution, porosity, accord with more than 50% of porous ceramics water demand separation membrane supports.
A Novel Vertical Deflection Monitoring Method for Long-Span Bridges
Authors: Li Xing Xing , Zhang Ben Niu , Zhang Kai Hong
Published: March 2012

Deflection is a mirror to health status of a bridge. Laser projection deflection monitoring (LPDM) method, which aims to monitor bridges’ vertical deflection remotely and automatically, is presented in this paper. Based on this idea, a set of LPDM system is designed. A practical experiment carried out on He’ergou bridge proves the measurement results of LPDM method are better than those of precision level. It also shows this method has advantages in operation and accuracy, especially for monitoring deflection of those long-span and high-fall bridges.
Manufacturing of Flexible Surgical Guide for Fully Edentulous Patients
Authors: Kashani Jamal , Arabshahi Zohreh , Kadir Mohammed Rafiq Abdul , Azari Abbas
Published: March 2012

Despite efficiency of modern implantology, unplanned perforation and drill deviation could be happened during freehand placement. The aim of this study was to provide a methodology for fabricating dental surgical drill guide for fully edentulous patients while it was flexible in term of changing drill diameter. The data of patient consisted of bone anatomy and radio-opaque template obtained from computed tomography. Jawbone and radio-opaque template three dimensional models converted into a three dimensional modeling software by means of an image processing package. Based on jawbone anatomy and radio-opaque template, implantation plan and design of surgical guides were carried out in three dimensional software. Rapid prototyping technique was used to manufacture several surgical guides to be used in different drilling sequences. Finally stainless steel tubes were accommodated passage of drill. Sequential surgical guides were different only in terms of the metal tubes internal diameter. This provides the ability of changing diameter of the implant or drill after fabricating surgical guide.
EMG Detection System and Design
Authors: Li Bing
Published: March 2012

SEMG detection system is of great significance in clinical diagnosis, rehabilitation engineering, sports medicine and the bionic man-machine systems as a noninvasive detection method. EMG detection system mainly researches and designs for the SEMG signal acquisition, conditioning and treatment. The system which is composed of SEMG signal acquisition module, the system processing module and stimulator module has the function of detection spontaneous and evoking EMG, and processing and analyzing the extracted eigenvalue by using the methods of time domain analysis and frequency domain analysis. This paper designs the ARM core detection system, and processes the collected signal by combing analog filters and digital filters in order to achieve suppression of noise and interference, so as to obtain the effective SEMG. ARM processor reduces power consumption and improves the system performance and reliability. The results of experiments show that the system can extract the spontaneous EMG of the effective range, has the function of detection evoked EMG.
Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Sisal Cellulose Biocomposite Films
Authors: Somsub Sayamon , Aht-Ong Duangdao
Published: March 2012

The objectives of this research were to prepare self-reinforcement biocomposites films from sisal cellulose by solvent casting using NaOH complex solution and to investigate the effect of reinforcement content (i.e., 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt %) in various forms, i.e., sisal microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), commercial MCC, and short sisal fiber, respectively. The sisal MCC was extracted from sisal fiber by means of delignification, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis, respectively. The obtained MCC powder observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) appeared as short fiber shape with smooth surface having diameter of approximately 10 μm, whereas its length was varied between 67-150 μm. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the composite films reinforced with 15 wt % of sisal MCC reached up to 5.16 MPa and 375.25 MPa, respectively. The degradation temperature investigated by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and water absorption values were significantly improved with increasing of reinforcement loading.
ZMP Based Gait Generation of AIT Leg Exoskeleton-A Further Gaits Generation
Authors: Aphiratsakun Narong , Chairungsarpsook Kittipat , Parnichkun Manukid
Published: March 2012

This paper is the extension of gait pattern generation of the Asian Institute of Technology’s Leg EXoskeleton (ALEX) and its wearer can walk safety with the passing criteria of Zero Moment Point (ZMP) theorem for static and dynamic considerations respectively. ALEX has 12 DOF (6 DOF for each leg: 3 at the Hip, 1 at the knee and 2 at the ankle), controlled by 12 DC motors. The CAD drawing and assembly of ALEX are exported directly to MATLAB’s Simulink-SimMechanics to obtain accurate position of center of gravity (CG) and moment of inertia of each link. The gait pattern is visually observed using 3D VRML interpreter while ZMP trajectory is monitored using MATLAB’s 2D graphics representation. The further gaits generations in this paper include walking from non-zero initial condition, climbing up the stairs and turning left motions. From previous work, the gait data from simulation has confirmed it effectiveness with the actual hardware. With this further gait generation data, ALEX can be tested to confirm its balance gait motions prior to the real implementation to avoid any undesired motions that could damages to the robot system.
A Cheap Synthetic Route to Commercial Ruthenium N3 Dye for Sensitizing Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Jitchati Rukkiat , Thathong Yuranan , Wongkhan Kittiya
Published: March 2012

Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (DSCs) Have Received Widespread Attention Owing to their Low Cost, Easy Fabrication, and Relatively High Solar-to-electricity Conversion Efficiency. Based on the Tio2 Electrode, Ruthenium Complex Dye, Liquid Electrolyte, and Pt Counter Electrode, Dscs Have Already Exhibited an Efficiency above 11% and Offer an Appealing Alternative to Conventional Solar Cells. however, until now the Commercial and Well Known Standard Dye Is the Ruthenium Complex, Namely, Cis-bis(isothiocyanato)-bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II) (N3) which Has Been Widely Used around the Word. in this Article, N3 Standard Dye Was Synthesized and Characterized by Two Synthetic Routes: Grätzel’s Protocol and a One-pot Reaction from Cheap and Easily Prepared Starting Materials.