bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Inlet Temperature on the Wall Temperature Behavior of Salt Powders Produced by Spray-Drying
Authors: Chiawchanwattana Cherdpong , Triratanasirichai Kittichai
Published: July 2012

This research is concerned with the experimental study of the wall temperature behavior of salt powders in the spray-drying process under various inlet temperatures. The results are presented and discussed in terms of the temperature profiles within two sections of the drying chamber that consists of cylindrical and conical sections. Firstly, the temperature profiles of cylindrical section have shown that the behavior from the steps of spraying air, water, and solution before has lead to a steady state process. Finally, the wall temperature distribution at each elevation has shown a statistically significant difference. In our future work, the wall temperature behavior will be compared with the wall deposition flux in order to determine a prediction equation that can be applied to manage the deposition problem in the spray-drying process stage.
Study on Synthesis of a Ampholytic Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS)
Authors: Xiao Hui , Li Rui Hai
Published: July 2012

Ampholytic Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) was prepared from PPS by sulfonation, followed by bromination and then the substitution of bromine by quaternary ammonium group and tertiary amine group.The structure and properties of polymers were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, UV and isoelectric point(IEP) measurement. The degree of sulfonation and the content of bromide were investigated by acid base titration and Mohr Method respectively. The results indicated that 47.6% sulfonation degree at 4h, 105°C and a 15ml/g ratio of oluem and PPS, 35.25% content of bromide at 4h, 40°C and 4% FeCl3. Bromine is completely substituted by quaternary ammonium groups at a 1:1.2 ratio of P-SO3-Br and volume of trimethylamine,70°C and 4 h,and that by tertiary amine groups at a 1:1.2 ratio of P-SO3-Br and volume of dimethylamine,80°C and 4 h. Ampholytic PPS shows better solubility and thermostability than PPS.Hyperchromic effect: Br < NH(CH3)2 < N(CH3)3. The IEP of P-SO3-TMA and P-SO3-DMA are 4.08 and 3.84 respectively.
Preparation of Polyethylene Wax from LDPE in the Solvent
Authors: Chi Yao Ling , Mei Tao , Yi Yu Feng , Ji De Kun , Ding Fu Chen , Chen Lei
Published: July 2012

Polyethylene wax is prepared from LDPE through orthogonal experiments. It is found that temperature, time and the ratio of solvent to the feed can affect the experiment. The optimal condition is 310°C, 5h and 1 : 1.5. The result of experiment under the optimal condition is better than that in the orthogonal experiments. The color of products is from white to yellow. Finally, PEW is obtained from pyrolyzing waste PE bag under the optimal condition and the best condition in the orthogonal experiments. It can be seen that the former result is better than the later. The average molecular weight of polyethylene wax ranges from 1970 g/mol to 2700 g/mol.
Visco-Elastic Property Studies on Polymer Flooding Systems with High Concentrations
Authors: Wang Ji Gang , Du Quan Qing , Wu Peng , Hu Shao Li , Niu Pan
Published: July 2012

Keywords: Visco-elastic property; polymer flooding; oil recovery Abstract. Polymer flooding and ASP flooding has improved oil recovery a lot in Daqing oil field. In ASP flooding, the existence of alkali decreases the visco-elastic characteristic of polymer, which decreases the oil recovery of polymer flooding. The aim of this paper was to study the visco-elastic characteristic, shear resistance in high concentration and high molecular weight polymer flooding, and analyzed the suitable parameter of it .They can provide the theory of polymer flooding development and application research.
The Synthesis and Application of Photoinitiators Chitosan-Graft-Acrylamide Polymer Flocculants
Authors: Jia Rong Xian
Published: July 2012

Chitosan and acrylamide were used for graft reaction by photoinitiator, and flocculation performance of grafted product was also studied. In addition, the impact of the trigger system, reaction time and temperature on product performance were discussed in detail. Structure property of the product was characterized by infrared spectroscopy. It is found that the highest stem grafting rate of graft copolymer can reach 239.4 % using this process, and the specific viscosity of product can reach 820 ml/g. The flocculation test was done by coal slurry water, and its result shows that the light transmission rate of slime water is up to 98.7 %.
Analysis of the Polymer from Extracts in Oil Shale
Authors: Zhou Yang , Chen Song , Zhou Guo Jiang , Zhang Hong Sen
Published: July 2012

One kind of polymer with m/z 113 was found from extracts in oil shale using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The polymer studied in this report was as follows: a preparation and purification method of extraction was set up, a LC-MS detection measure of the polymer was established and the splitting way of the polymer was verified rationally.
Effects of Electron Beam on Irradiated Polyimide/Polyaniline Composites
Authors: Tiptipakorn Sunan , Suwanmala Piriyathorn , Hemvichian Kasinee , Pornputtanakul Yingpit
Published: July 2012

In this study, the composites prepared from polyimide (PI) and polyaniline (PANI) were radiated with electron beam (EB) at the radiation doses of 0, 50, 150, 200, and 300 kGy. The electrical conductivity and thermal properties of the radiated composites were determined and compared with those of the composites doped with 6M HCl. The results revealed that the electrical conductivity was enhanced from 3.42 x 10-16 S/cm (untreated polyimide without polyaniline) to 6.97 x 10-5 S/cm when the PI/PANI composite was doped with HCl at 10 phr of PANI; furthermore, the conductivity was increased to 2.16 x 10-4 S/cm for the composite at 10 phr of PANI with radiation dose of 200 kGy. In addition, it was found that the glass transition temperature of the composite was increased with the increase of PANI content for either EB radiation method or protonic acid doping method. It could be noted that the electrical conductivity values of the radiated composites were higher than those of composites doped with HCl at the same PANI content.
Effect of Ultrasonic Field on Synthesis and Characterization of Starch Acetate
Authors: Song Xian Liang , Zeng Min , Zhang Bao Yue , Chen Jing Wen , Ye Sheng Ying , Huang Wei
Published: July 2012

The synthesis of corn starch acetate made by traditional chemical modification technology of starch in continuous ultrasonic field was investigated in this experiment. This study mainly focuses on the effects of ultrasound wave power, frequency, reaction time and amount of reactants on degree of substitution of starch acetate. The structure of the product was characterized by scanning electronic microscope(SEM), polarizing microscope, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectrum. The results show that the degree of substitution(DS) of the product is influenced by the power and frequency of ultrasound waves, the reaction time and the amount of reactants. The effect of the ultrasonic power is the most significant. The optimal condition was power 250W, frequency 60kHz, reaction time 75min and the amount of esterifying agent 20ml. The degree of substitution of the starch acetate under such conditions was 0.1043. The appearances and crystal structure of the synthetic starch acetate particles changed under the effect of ultrasonic field. There were concavities and cracks on the surface of the particles and the crystal structure were damaged resulting in lower degree of crystallinity. Infrared spectrum analysis showed that although acetyl groups are introduced into the molecules of starch , the basic structure of the starch molecules were not affected by the ultrasound waves.
Polymer Blends of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) and Lower-Melting Point Polyamide-6 Compatibilized by Epoxy
Authors: Lu Sheng Jun , Gan Hua Hua , Li Yang , Luo Zhu , Yu Jie
Published: July 2012

Lower-melting point polyamide-6 (LPA6) with the melting point of 198°C was prepared through melting extrusion. Blends of poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) and LPA6 which use epoxy (EP) as compatibilizer were prepared by blending PVC and LPA6. The effects of the composition of PA6 and epoxy on the morphology and mechanical properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The behavior of the blends was also determined experimentally using the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Experiments revealed that, the epoxy resin F51 plays a compatibilizer. The more of the content of epoxy resin, the better of compatibility between PVC and PA6. With the increase of PA6, the degree of crystallization, crystallization rate and the regularity of crystal grain increased, the tensile strength declinged, the flexural strength and notched impact strength increase first and then decrease, both of then had an extreme value when the content of PA6 is 20wt%.
Synthesis and Characterization of New 2-Methoxy-Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-One
Authors: Lu Lian Ying , Yu Zhong Shan , Fang Zheng Dong , Chen Yong Zhou , Zhou Wen , Wei Xian Hong , Tao Qing
Published: July 2012

An efficient method is described for the synthesis of 2-methoxy-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin- 4(3H)-one (5) via Gewald reaction, a tandem aza-Wittig reaction and cyclization process. The key step is an aza-Wittig reaction between iminophosphorane (2), 4-chlorophenyl isocyanine and nucleophilic reagent CH3OH. Its structures were determined by means of MS, IR and 1H NMR spectra.
Extrusion Foaming System for Fabricating Open-Cell Structure of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
Authors: Jung Dong Won , Kim Dong Hong , Kim Bong Chun , Lee E. K. , Park J. C. , Jung P. U.
Published: July 2012

Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) foam of open-cell type was manufactured through extrusion foaming system using a physical blowing agent for the application of sound absorption. For the purpose of enhancing the open cell content, salt powder was blended with LDPE changing the content and particle size. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was carried out in order to observe the cell morphology. With a view to characterizing the open-cell structure, open-cell content and expansion ratio were measured with extruded foams. Finally the effect of formulation and processing parameters on cell morphology was investigated.
Study on the Thermal Degradation Behaviors of the Sheath and Insulation Materials of FR-PVC Cables
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Zhang Fan
Published: July 2012

The thermal and kinetic behaviors of the sheath and insulation material taken from the fire-retardant PVC cable have been investigated in the air atmosphere by using thermogravimetrical (TG) analysis method. The degrading activation energy (Ea) of the material were calculated through Kissinger and Flynn-Wall equations based on the TG and DTG curves. The results showed that there were three steps during the degrading process of the FR PVC cable sheath and insulation materials, and the degradation rate increased with the increase of the heating rate. The average activation energy of the sheath and insulation material obtained from Flynn-Wall equation were 118 kJ/mol and 134kJ/mol, respectively.
Study of a Real Fluid Flow Axial Symmetry in a Cylindrical Cavity
Authors: Bouhenna A. , Salhi Y.
Published: July 2012

This paper is devoted to the experimental study of air jet in a cylindrical cavity initially containing air at rest. A set of experiments has been performed to analyze the velocity field in the cavity. The experimental data have been obtained by means of hot wire anemometry, in different sections of the cavity. In addition, flow visualizations were performed using carbon dioxide in solid form. Parallel to this work, we undertook a theoretical study on the same laminar flow, with the same geometric configuration, and it will be the subject to an incoming paper.
Process Parameters Optimization of the MTBE Reactive Distillation by Orthogonal Numberical Test and Least Square Method
Authors: Xiao Wu , Zhou Yan Yan , Du Shou Cheng , He Gao Hong
Published: July 2012

Because of the large number of operating and equipment parameters of the reactive distillation(RD) and a strong coupling between them, it is difficult to find the optimal process parameters. A novel hybrid method on process parameters optimization of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) RD was developed in the paper. MTBE RD process was firstly simulated with Aspen Plus. Then based on the MTBE RD model, sensitivity analysis of various parameters was accomplished to determine the key decision parameters. After that, the orthogonal numerical tests were performed in feasible fields to obtain nearly optimal parameters. Finally, with the orthogonal numerical test results, the least square method was used to regress equation, which showed the relationship between objective function and the key decision parameters, thus determining the optimal operating parameters and equipment parameters. Results of analysis indicated that the combination of orthogonal numerical test and the least square method can be attractive since the number of tests was reduced substantially while the specification of the products can be met.
Deep Desulfurization of Model Oil Using Ionic Liquid and Active Carbon Binary System
Authors: Li Qiang , Liu Yang , Fei Juan Juan , Ji Geng Sheng , Gu Xu Ding , Wu Zai Qing , Wu You Ting
Published: July 2012

Ionic liquid (IL) N-methyl-N-methylimidazoliumdimethyl phosphate ([DMIM][DMP]) and active carbon (AC) binary system were established and demonstrated to be effective for the deep removal of sulfur compounds (Dibenzothiophene, DBT) from model oil at room temperature. Mass ratio of IL to active carbon on the extractive performance, desulfurization temperature, time and desulfurization reagent to model oil were investigated. In the first stage desulfurization efficiency of binary system, IL and active carbon were 65.09%, 51.72% and 47.3%，which was followed the order of binary system > IL > active carbon. It was suitable to carried out desulfurization process with mass ratio of IL to active carbon in 1:1, binary system to model oil in 1:1 for 10 min at 25-45oC. In the optimiazed condition, desulfurization efficiency of binary system was nearly 100% after the fifth stage desulfurization process.
Enhanced Adsorption of Methyl Orange on Mesoporous TiO2-XCX Modified by CTAB
Authors: Hu Bing , Nie Long Hui
Published: July 2012

In this paper, the C-doped TiO2was prepared by hydrothermal method with butyl titanate and glucose as the precursors. Then, C-doped TiO2was further modified by CTAB during the above hydrothermal method. The synthesized samples were characterized by BET before and after the modification. The results show that the surface area of C-doped TiO2became smaller after the modification (from 236 m2/g to 99.7 m2/g), but the adsorption amount for methyl orange was enhanced greatly after the modification. The biggest adsorption amount for methyl orange was up to188.7 mg/g for modified TiO2-XCXin the methyl orange solution of 200 mg/L.
Study on Macroporous Resin Separation and Purification of Total Flavonoids of Plantago Process
Authors: Bi Yong Guang , Tan Yao Quan
Published: July 2012

To study the macroporous resin separation and purification of total flavonoids of Plantago optimum conditions, the static adsorption and desorption experiments by filtering out the best macroporous resin, and plantain extract for the assessment of total flavonoid content indicators in the single-factor test based on the orthogonal design, the amount of resin in the hole, eluent concentration, alcohol consumption and other factors for the study to optimize the AB-8 macroporous resin separation and purification of total flavonoids plantain best process conditions. The results show that: the effect of various factors affecting the size of the order of separation and purification has to: eluent concentration> ethanol consumption> macroporous resin usage, optimization of the optimum conditions: resin dosage is 1 times the amount of crude drug, the use of eluent volume fraction of 40% ethanol, elution agent is 12.5 times the amount of crude drug. Verify the conditions in this test, three repeated experiments were similar, the average flavonoid content 0.2127%, the transfer rate of 90.57%, indicating that the scientific and rational and stable process conditions can be effectively used plantain purified flavonoids.
Physical Properties of Chitosan Edible Films Incorporated with Essential Oil Monomers
Authors: Zhang Yun Bin , Peng Jun
Published: July 2012

In this study, physical properties of chitosan edible films incorporated with essential oil monomers were tested. Emulsifying nature of chitosan could be combined essential oil monomer forming emulsions, hence homogeneous, thin and pale yellow membranes were achieved. With different of the essential oil monomer content, the nature of the films had undergone a drastic change. Water-solubility and water vapor permeability of chitosan edible films reduced when essential oil monomers concentration increased. All the mechanical properties(tensile strength and elongation) increased when essential oil monomers concentration gradual increased. Compared with single chitosan films, essential oil-chitosan films have been greatly enhanced their mechanical properties and antibacterial activities.
Bacterial Cellulose Synthesis in Kombucha by Gluconacetobacter sp and Saccharomyces sp
Authors: Tan Li Li , Ren Liang , Cao Yuan Yuan , Chen Xiao Lin , Tang Xin Yun
Published: July 2012

Strain Gluconacetobacter hansenii CGMCC1671 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CGMCC1670 were applied to make traditional Kombucha with pure cultures to search for the optimum parameters of major factors affecting the yields and productivities of Bacterial cellulose (BC) in the beverage. Three culture factors were examined. The yields and productivities of BC and sugar consumed were measured after cultured statically for 22 days. After single factor test factors affecting the yields and productivities of BC have been optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The quadratic polynomial regression equation reflecting BC yield and affecting factors was build up with Box-Behnken design principle. The optimal values of 10.37% inoculum, initial pH 4.96 and medium volume 77.13 mL in 250 mL flask were obtained with theoretical BC yield 300.093mg/g. BC yield of 279.579 mg/g was obtained with 6.84% deviation by validation test with the optimal parameters. The co-culture of pure strains of traditional Kombucha technique can be used to provide both high quality and high yield of BC in addition to producing high quality Kombucha beverage.
The Activating Blood and Hypolipidemic Effects of Black Mulberry on Aged Rats
Authors: Du Qing Ping , Yuan Bao Hong , Zhang Ning , Lin Zhuang Li
Published: July 2012

To study the activating blood and hypolipidemic effects of black mulberry on aged rats, the aged rats were divided into 3 groups and fed with black mulberry fruit or juice respectively. The blood of rats in treatment groups and control group was collected and determined after 8 weeks treatment. The results showed that antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px were increased in both treatment groups. Na+-K+-ATPase activity, the primary membrane enzyme of rat erythrocytes, was increased when the aged rats were fed black mulberry fruit or juice. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and the erythrocyte membrane fluidity in the blood of rats treated with juice and fruit were improved. Furthermore, mulberry treatment significantly decreased MDA content in the serum and erythrocytes total cholesterol (TC) of rats. The Anti-atherogenic indexes (AAI) were distinguishedly increased in both treatment groups(P<0.05). The results suggested that both the fruit and juice of black mulberry have beneficial effects including activating blood, hypolipidemic and anti-atherosolerosis.
Changes of Corn Flour by Different Treatments
Authors: Wang De Jing
Published: July 2012

The properties of corn flour prepared by fermenting, wet-milling and extruding were investigated. The results showed that RVA parameters of the corn flours by fermenting compared with wet-milling decreased but enthalpies slightly increased. Extruded samples had no peak (RVA) and no differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) endotherm. In fermenting and wet milling starches a bimodal distribution of chain lengths( fractionⅠand Ⅱ) were found by gel permeation chromatography but extruded starches only one fraction.
Physicochemical Characteristics of Pineapple (Ananas mill.) Peel Cellulose Prepared by Different Methods
Authors: Zhang Yu Dan , Xia Xing Zhou
Published: July 2012

The physicochemical characteristics of pineapple peel cellulose prepared by three different methods were studied in this paper. SEM images showed a honeycomb-patterned structure on the surface of the cellulose prepared by fermentation and regenerated from [Amim]Cl and it showed compact feature on the surface of the one prepared by chemical method. FT-IR spectra analysis indicated they had similar chemical structure characteristic. XRD analysis results indicated typical cellulose I structural features of cellulose prepared by chemical method and fermentation while showing typical cellulose II structural features of cellulose by regenerated from [Amim]Cl. Futher analysis with TG and DTG confirmed that three cellulose all had characteristics of single fiber composition, but with different thermal decomposition phenomenon. It suggested that treatment with the ionic liquid [Amim]Cl could transformed crystal structure of pineapple peel cellulose from cellulose I to cellulose II. These findings may provide an approach on further utilization of pineapple peel cellulose.
Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Maillard Reaction Products from Porcine Plasma Protein Hydrolysate-Galactose Model System
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Qian , Kong Bao Hua , Chen Qian
Published: July 2012

Maillard reaction products (MRPs) were prepared from porcine plasma protein hydrolysate (PPPH) and galactose model system, as a function of heating time. The pH value, absorbance at 294 and 420nm, ﬂuorescence intensity, free amino group content, as well as reducing power, ABTS•+ scavenging activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity were determined. The results showed that, as heating time increased, the pH value and free amino group content of the sugar-PPPH conjugates were significantly decreased (P < 0.05); absorbance at 294 nm, browning products (A420 nm) and ﬂuorescence intensity were significantly increased (P < 0.05); and the antioxidant activity of MRPs were significantly increased (P < 0.05) which indicated by reducing power, ABTS•+ scavenging activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. In general, antioxidative activity of MRPs was coincidental with the browning development and the formation of intermediate products. MRPs from PPPH-galactose model system could be a potent antioxidant in food industry, which with a strong antioxidant activity, for scavenging free radicals and delaying deterioration due to oxidation.
N-Alkyl PPTA: Preparation and Characterization
Authors: Zhang Rui , Kong Hai Juan , Zhong Hong Peng , Liu Jing , Zhou Jian Jun , Teng Cui Qing , Ma Yu , Yu Mu Huo
Published: July 2012

N-alkyl poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)s (PPTA) is synthesized from PPTA and bromoalkane via metalation process in a solution of potassium methylsulfinylcarbanion in dimethyl sulfoxide. The modified PPTAs have been dissolved in conventional solvents, such as THF and CHCl3. The effects of substituted alkyl, substitution degree and inherent viscosity of PPTA on the solubility of N-alkyl PPTA were discussed. The substitution degree is calculated by FTIR and NMR. The molecular weight and distribution of N-alkyl PPTA has been obtained by GPC. The thermal properties are also discussed.
Effects of Fermented Green Juice and Cellulase on the Silage Quality of Sugarcane Top
Authors: Zhuang Yi Fen , Chen Xin Zhu , Dong Zhao Xia , Zhang Jian Guo , Zhang Wen Chang
Published: July 2012

Two moisture levels of sugarcane top (moisture contents 69.03% - MC1 and 56.38% - MC2) were treated with fermented green juice (FGJ) at 2 ml/kg and/or with cellulase (CEL) at 5000 U/kg raw matter, and ensiled in the laboratory at ambient temperature. All additive treatments significantly (P<0.01) increased lactic acid and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contents, and significantly (P<0.01) decreased pH and contents of NH3-N and acetic acid compared with the control. The treatment of FGJ and CEL mixture significantly (P<0.01) decreased pH and content of acetic acid (AA) compared with treatments of FGJ and CEL alone. All the MC2 silages had more extensive fermentation than MC1 silage, shown by higher contents of lactic acid, lower pH values and NH3-N contents. In conclusion, both FGJ and CEL addition significantly improved the silage quality of sugarcane top, and their mixture had better result than FGJ and CEL alone. Reducing the moisture content of sugarcane top could improve its silage quality.
Antioxidant Activities and Phenolic Composition of Apple Peel, Core and Flesh Extracts on Selected Apple Cultivars
Authors: Zhang Gui Zhi , Ji Bao Ping , Chen Gang
Published: July 2012

Phenolic antioxidants have multiple benefits to human health. Polyphenols are responsible for the antioxidant activity in apples. Antioxidant activities were assessed using the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-dipheny l-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays in different cultivars and different parts of apples grown in China. The phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities differed significantly among the four apple cultivars. Guoguang had the highest phenolic concentration and antioxidant activity and Golden Delicious had the lowest. The peels had the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents followed by the cores and flesh. Anthocyanins were detected only in red apple peels. Peel and core had greater antioxidant activities than apple flesh. FRAP values were inversely correlated with phenolic contents, whereas no clear relationship could be observed between DPPH values and phenolic contents. The higher levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of apple peels and cores than flesh may be of technological interest as a valuable source of antioxidants.
Preparation of Grifola frondosa Fermented Beverage without Preservatives
Authors: Wang Wei Guo , Li Peng , Cui Yu Jia , Zhao Yong Liang , Gu Ya Nan , Meng Tian Tian , Zhang Peng , Ding Jin Ju , Jia Ke , Liu Ya Dong
Published: July 2012

Purpose To prepare Grifola frondosa fermented beverage and study on its production process, ingredients and characteristics. Methods The following process was used to prepare Grifola frondosa fermented beverage: Grifola frondosa original strains →Strain activation →Inclined plane strain →Liquid spawn →Submerged fermentation →Fermentation broth with mycelium →Colloid mill grinding →High pressure homogenization →Homogenate →Add preservatives or not →Package → Sterilizing or not →Finished product. Grifola frondosa mycelium biomass was determined by Weight-Drying method. Total sugar content was measured by Phenol-sulfuric acid method. Reducing sugar content was measured by 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Protein content was measured by Coomassie brilliant blue method. The quality of Grifola frondosa fermented beverage was evaluated every 10 days from six areas: color, precipitation, transparency, aroma, taste and the bacteria growth situation. Results Mycelia biomass of Grifola frondosa fermentation product is 378.3 ± 7.21mg/100ml. The total sugar content is 1.8995 mg/ml, the reducing sugar content is 0.2539 mg/ml, and grifolan content is 1.6456 mg/ml, protein content 7.971μg/ml. The total number of colonies is 67 CFU/ml and no E. coli in Grifola frondosa fermented beverage, this comply with the requirements of the national food safety standard. The samples of Grifola frondosa fermented beverage without sterilized and preservatives placed at room temperature for 6 months are normal, and no bacteria growth. Conclusion The production process of Grifola frondosa fermented beverage is feasible. In the case without sterilization and preservatives, Grifola frondosa fermented beverage can be placed at room temperature for 6 months without deterioration and still maintain its characteristics of nutrient-rich, pure taste, clean and hygienic, with natural mushroom fragrant. This can provide a reference for the development of Grifola frondosa submerged fermentation products.
Effects of Tea Polyphenols Dip Treatment on the Quality of Catfish Fillets during Partial Freezing Storage
Authors: Liang Li Ya , Yan Shi Jie , Wang Qiang Wei , Li Xiao Yan
Published: July 2012

The effects of tea polyphenols(TP) dip treatment on the quality changes of catfish fillets during partial freezing storage for 25 days were investigated. The catfish were filleted, after being gutted and cleaned, and given a dip treatment in 0.15% TP solution for 30min at room temperature. And then, they were packed in plastic bags, stored at -3°C. The sensory scores, total bacterial count(TVC), pH values, Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen(TVB-N) and TBARS values were used to evaluate the catfish quality. The results showed that TVC, pH, TVB-N and TBARS values of catfish, which was processed with TP, could be significantly restrained, and sensory scores decreased slowly as well. So it can be concluded that tea polyphenols have great effects on the inhibitions of bacteria growth and anti-oxidation of fat, and thus significantly delay the spoilage of partial-frozen catfish.
Preparation and Optimization of Potato Cookies
Authors: Liu Jing Jing , Li Bin
Published: July 2012

The purpose of this work was to optimize the technology of potato cookies. Potato, wheat flour, sugar, butter were used as the main raw materials in this experiment. By single factor experiment to determine the influence of the main factors on cookie, and through orthogonal experimental analysis that the best formula was obtained: addition of sugar 28%, ratio of wheat flour and potato flour 8:2 and butter 20%. Experimental results showed that potato cookies took on beautiful appearance, golden color, light flavor with potato and rich sweetness flavor, which was a kind of better nutrition structures and health care cookies.
Superoxide Dismutase Model Compound on the Effect of Brassica napus Preservation
Authors: Ge Xing , Luo Qian , Yuan Si Chun , Li Yun Le
Published: July 2012

In order to understand Preservation effect on Brassica napus by MSOD, different concentrations of poly-aspartic manganese (II), ferrous cysteine, copper glycine are sprayed to Brassica napus, activity changes in SOD and POD and changes of MDA content are inspected. The results showed that for Brassica napus sprayed with MSOD, it makes preservation effect higher and storage period longer.
Classification of Three Green Tea Varieties by Micellar Electrokinetic Electrophoresis-Laser Induced Fluorescence and Pattern Recognition Methods
Authors: Ye Neng Sheng , Xie Ya Li , Liu Chang , Li Jian
Published: July 2012

A micellar electrokinetic electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence detection (MEKC-LIF) method was applied for the profiling of native fluorescence in three different kinds of Chinese green teas. The running buffer was 100 mM sodium borate (pH9.8) containing 20 mM SDS, and tea infusion was injected at the pressure of 0.5 psi for 5 seconds. The applied voltage was set at 25 kV, and the excited wavelength was 488 nm, and the detected wavelength was 520 nm. Ten tea samples were collected and analyzed by the developed method. Eighteen common peaks in the MEKC-LIF profiling of green teas were selected and these samples were classified into 3 groups by cluster analysis and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Our primary results indicated that the developed method could be applied for the classification of three different Chinese green teas
Study on the Synthesis and Properties of Biodegradable Waterborne Polyurethane
Authors: Liang Fei , Qin Bei , Yang Ying , Jia Min
Published: July 2012

Taking L-Lysine Diisocyanate (LDI) as hard segments, poly-ε-caprolactone diol (PCL) as soft segments, a kind of nontoxic and biodegradable waterborne polyurethanes were synthesized using two-step polymerization. And then the effects of isocyanate/macroglycol molar ratio(NCO/OH, R value), the 1,4-butylene glycol (BDO) content and prepolymerization temperature on the properties of waterborne polyurethanes were investigated. The experimental results showed that when R value is 1.5, the BDO content used is 4% and the reaction temperature is 80°C, the products prepared were best in application. The mechanical property tests showed that it has good mechanical properties, tensile strength is up to 46.5MPa and the loss amounts of the hydrolytic degradation after 80 days is 42%. The waterborne polyurethanes prepared have excellent biodegradability, which can be widely used as a biological medical material.
Multiresidue Determination of Avermectins in Plant-Derived Food by UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Zha Yu Bing , Yang Chun Liang , Wang Ming Yue , Wang Yong Zhou , Luo Cheng Yu , Ren Jun Hua , Zhang Li Rong
Published: July 2012

The objective of this study was to propose a method that the residues of avermectins (Abamectin, Emamectin Benzoate, Ivermectin, Eprinomectin and Doramectin) derived from the food plant were determined by UPLC-MS/MS. The avermectins were extracted with acetonitrile, purified by Alumina B or GCB/NH2 SPE cartridge, and then determined by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Tests for recovery (Recovery rate: 80.6%～99.8%, RSD's: 0.22%～6.4%) were made by addition of avermectin standards at three different concentration levels (4, 20 and 100μg/kg) to five kinds of food plant as matrixes. The sensitivity, accuracy and precision of this method were able to meet the requirements for pesticide residue analysis.
Antibacterial Mechanism of Catfish Bone Hydrolysate Revealed by Atomic Force and Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Ren Xiao Qing , Liang Peng , Ma Li Zhen , Yang Hong Shun
Published: July 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the catfish bone hydrolysate (CBH) on morphology of bacteria which were observed by atomic force microscope (AFM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The CBH was found to inhibit Escherichia coli (E. coli) growth. The CBH at 10 mg/ml caused the significant fragmentariness in the bacterial membrane and a severe volume decrease. A possible mechanism is that CBH damages the structure of bacterial cell membrane which causes E. coli bacteria to die eventually.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Naringin Palmitate
Authors: Zhang Xia , Li Lin , Huang Jian Rong , Chen Ling , Li Xiao Xi , Liu Guo Qin , Li Bing
Published: July 2012

Naringin esters are paid more attention in medical and functional food industry than naringin due to their higher stability and solubility in lipidic environments. Naringin palmitic acid esters were enzymatically synthesized with naringin and palmitic acid. The effects of solvent type, temperature, concentration and types of enzymes and the molar ratio of substrates on the conversion of naringin were investigated. Novozym 435 performed higher catalytic ability in tert-amyl alcohol in the esterification of naringin with palmitic acid. The conversion yield of naringin increased with the increase of temperature (30-70°C) and of the concentration of enzyme. The structure of the naringin palmitate was characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and HPLC-MS. 1H-NMR spectroscopic analysis indicated the presence of an ester bond on the C-6 of the glucose moiety of naringin molecule.
Effects of Dry Process Technology on Quality of Different Forms “Laba” Garlic Products
Authors: Li Xi Hong , Ju Xiao Feng , Wang Yu , Wang Dan , Du Lin Xue
Published: July 2012

This paper investigated the effects of 2 g/L acetic acid fumigation technology on the value of L*, a*, b* and the contents of blue pigment, yellow pigment and allicin of “Laba” garlic in different product forms. “Laba” garlic was prepared by three different treatments: (1) traditional dip (control sample); (2) “Laba” garlic cloves were fumigated by 2 g/L acetic acid; (3) “Laba” garlic bulbs were fumigated by 2 g/L acetic acid. During process, all the treated samples were maintained at appropriate conditions (dark, 20 °C). After 10 days of process, the value of L*, a*, b* and the contents of blue pigment, yellow pigment and allicin of “Laba” garlic in different product forms were measured. Interestingly, the results presented that the value of L*, b* and the contents of blue pigment, yellow pigment and allicin of “Laba” garlic prepared by dry process were higher than them within traditional dip samples. The technology of dry process might be a novel process method to produce “Laba” garlic in the future.
The Performance of Polyether Modified Polysiloxane
Authors: Zhou Yong Qiang , Zheng Cheng , Zhan Yu , Yin Dan Na
Published: July 2012

According to the corresponding national standard methods, the surface tension, HLB value, CMC value and emulsification performance of the product were determined. Compare the hydrolytic stability with other three kinds of organic silicon surfactants, the experiment result shows that the hydrolytic stability of product is better than the similar products. The key to reduce the hydrolysis rate of polyether modified polysiloxane surfactant is to reduce the contact of polysiloxane chain in surfactant molecules with water solution. For methoxy-terminated polyether modified polysiloxane, the methyl ether open as the umbrella, which can reduce the contact of polysiloxane chain in surfactant molecules and water solution to a certain extent, so the hydrolysis stability raise.
The Nutritional Control of Litopenaeus vannamei Culture Pollution
Authors: Cao Mei , Wang Xing Qiang , Yan Bin Lun
Published: July 2012

The pollution of Litopenaeus vannamei culture is serious. The control ways of nutrition by the ecological modulation of the nutritional factors and the supplement of green additives are reviewed to reduce the pressure of environment for sustainable development by controlling and modulating the nutrition metabolism of L. vannamei.
Effect of Carrier on the Structure and Performance of Polyphenylene Sulfide Fiber
Authors: Xu Xiao Feng , Zheng Qing Kang , Zheng Jin Qu
Published: July 2012

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is considered as a high performance thermoplastic material and to be used in many areas, but the application of PPS used as protective clothing is limited because it is difficulties to be dyed and finished. In this work the effects of benzyl benzoate as a carrier on the structure and performance of PPS especially dyeability were evaluated. The glass transition temperature, crystalline structure and orientation degree of treated PPS fiber with benzyl benzoate were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction analysis and velocity-oriented tester. Adsorption thermodynamic and kinetic study of disperse dye on PPS treated with carrier was carried out under the condition of pH value 5, initial dye concentration 0.01–0.5 g/L and liquor ratio 1,000:1. The results indicated that benzyl benzoate, as a dyeing carrier, could reduce the glass transition temperature and orientation degree of treated PPS fiber. The benzyl benzoate could improve the standard affinity, diffusion coefficient and the equilibrium dyeing rate of disperse dye on PPS fiber, while the decrease of tensile strength was very little.
The Research of Ginseng Blueberry Chewable Tablet
Authors: Gao Qian Qian , Liu Xue Jun , Wang Dong Jiao , Cheng Jing , Zhou Li Li
Published: July 2012

This experiment was to develop a new kind of chewable tablet with white ginseng and blueberry. Firstly,get ginseng extracts from selective white ginseng by ultrasonic and freeze drying, and get blueberry juice powder from blueberries by squeezing and spray drying. Secondly, these two kinds of powder were pressed into tablets with starch, xylitol, etc as the auxiliary materials, and 40% alcohol as wetting agents. The optimum process conditions and formula were determined by single factor and orthogonal tests. The results show that the content of ginseng extracts, blueberry juice powder, starch, and 40% of ethanol should be 15%, 35%, 20%, 40% respectively in the best formula.
Effects of Modified Atmosphere Packaging under Different Temperatures on Quality of “Laba” Garlic Prepared by Dry Process
Authors: Li Xi Hong , Wang Yu , Ju Xiao Feng , Wang Dan
Published: July 2012

Effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the contents of total acid, allicin and blue pigment and yellow pigment of “Laba” garlic were investigated after storage at 0 °C, 20 °C, 37 °C for 7 days. Results showed that, compared with 20 °C and 37 °C, 0°C had the most remarkable effect on maintaining quality parameters, which were 58.5 mg/g, 0,0654 mmol/L, 0.22, 0.87 for total acid, allicin, blue pigment, yellow pigment, respectively. This study suggested that 70 μm-thick polypropylene film storage bag with 0 °C showed the best effects in maintaining the quality of “Laba” garlic during storage for 7 days and extending the storage life.
Effectiveness of 1-Methylcyclopropene and High Oxygen Treatments on Fresh-Cut Kiwifruit for Extending Sensory Quality
Authors: Dong Guo Qing , Tang Yao , Li Xi Hong , Li Wei Li , Jiang Yu Qian
Published: July 2012

The effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment on whole fruit in combination with high oxygen package of fresh cut kiwifruit on quality, such as total sugar, firmness and viscosity were subsequently evaluated during 13 days storage at 4 °C. 1-MCP treats reduced viscosity and total solution sugar from 19.45 to 11.52 (N) and 10.48 to 2.63, inhibited the increasing of firmness fourfold at the end of the storage compared with the non-treated control. While a consequence of 1-MCP and high oxygen, associated with higher total solution sugar and viscosity than 1-MCP and high oxygen treated alone. Results suggested that 1-MCP or high oxygen treatment alone prevented after-ripening and conscience, which are beneficial to maintain quality of fresh-cut kiwifruit.
Characterization of the Flavor Compounds in Paprika Sausage by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wei Xin Jun , Zhang Yong Sheng , Liu Ben Guo
Published: July 2012

The flavor compounds in paprika sausage were investigated by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in this study. By comparing with NIST mass spectral database, 11 flavor compounds including caryophyllene, 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid, 4-Heptyn-2-ol, were identified. The obtained results could be used to establish the method analyzing the flavor ingredients in low temperature-heated meat product.
Effects of Different Refrigerated Processes on the Physical and Sensory Properties of Steamed Bread
Authors: Ren Xiao Qing , Huang Zong Hai , He Xin Yi
Published: July 2012

The physical and sensory properties of the steamed bread with different refrigerated processes (frozen steamed bread, pre-steamed steamed bread, proofed-frozen dough, fermented-frozen dough, frozen dough and cold storage dough technology) were compared with fresh steamed bread. The specific volume, spread ratio, whiteness and the parameters from texture profile analysis (TPA) were used to evaluate the physical properties. The results showed that technology of cold storage dough was the best for the steamed bread. Technology of frozen dough and frozen steamed bread were better technology. Technology of pre-steamed steamed bread, proofed-frozen dough and fermented-frozen dough which were used in the industry of bread commonly were not fit for steamed bread.
The Direct Oxidizing Mechanism for the Reaction of Ozone and Phenol: A DFT Study
Authors: Chen Shuang Kou , Zhu Jian Fang , Huang Wen Zhang , He Bai , Xiang Li Jun , Adhikari Upendra
Published: July 2012

Using DFT/6-31+G (d, p) method, the structure of phenol are gained in the global optimization and properties were theoretically studied. The atomic electric charges, activation of reaction and thermodynamics parameters are obtained. The calculation shows that benzene ring in phenol tends to have electrophonic attacking substitution reaction O3 directly and form catechol and hydroquinol. The calculation of thermodynamics properties indicate that two pathways are exothermic reactions, and the Gibbs free energies (ΔG) are always less than zero, two reactions are easily occurred spontaneously. Dynamics calculations show that there is only one transition state in each reaction; through vibrational analysis we confirm the transition state. After corrected single point energy, we find that the reaction activation energies of the two reactions are small (Ea1=4.48kcal/mol and Ea2=2.87kal/mol), indicating that ortho-position and para-position products exist simultaneously, which is in accordance with the thermodynamics calculation result.
Study of the Interaction between Zinc Complex and Bovine Serum Albumin by Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Yu Fen , Xia Hai Tao , Rong De Fu
Published: July 2012

The binding reaction of Zn(II) complex [Zn(C8H10N)2Cl2] with bovine serum albumin(BSA) was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy under the simulative physiological conditions. The intrinsic fluorescence of BSA could be quenched by Zn(II) complex. The quenching mechanism was suggested as static quenching according to the Stern–Volmer equation. The binding constants Kband the number of binding sites n were calculated. The Zn(II) complex exhibit good binding propensity to bovine serum albumin having relatively high binding constant values. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that the hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces play a major role in BSA-Zn(II) complex association. The process of binding was spontaneous, in which Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) was negative.
Polyurethane-Modified Epoxy Monoacrylates Containing Two Different UV-Curable Groups: Preparation and Charaterization
Authors: Lin Feng , Liu Hong Bo , Xu Ling , Zhang Wu Ying
Published: July 2012

Polyurethane-modified epoxy monoacrylates (PMEMA) containing two different UV- curable groups (double bond and epoxy groups) were synthesized. The changes of NCO groups during the synthesis process of PMEMA were measured by chemical titration method, and its Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra were investigated. The results indicated that polyurethane chain segments can be grafted onto the epoxy monacrylates (EMA) by the reaction of NCO and OH groups. The FTIR of PMEMA showed that it contains both double bond of acrylic ester (UV radical curable) and epoxy groups (UV cationic curable).
The Study Evolution of TB in Black Tea
Authors: He Ying Zi , Wang Xiao , Zhang Xue Hong
Published: July 2012

Black tea is a very popular beverage in China. The study evolution on the extraction technology of theabrownin (TB) in black tea was reported. And the chemical constitution, structural characteristics and biological activity of TB were analyzed. Besides, the main research directions for the future of TB were discussed.
Comparison of Chloroplast TrnL-F Sequences of 5 Common Potentilla Species in Jilin Province of China
Authors: Zhang Shao Xuan , Liu Xin Rui , Ling Yun Hui , Wang Bo Chuan , Sun De Jun , Lin Guang Zhu
Published: July 2012

To find the differences in the trnL-F sequences and provide scientific data for the authentication of Potentilla chinensis and its related species, we extracted the genome DNA from the leaves of 5 common Potetilla species in Jilin Province, amplified the trnL-F region using universal primers of angiosperm, and sequenced the purified PCR products directly. We found that the trnL-F sequences of different species of Potentilla are significantly different. So trn-L sequence analysis and other methods derived from it can be used in authentication of Potentilla.
Metabonomic Investigation on Rats’ Dynamic Responses to Cantonese Herbal Tea Intake
Authors: You Rong , Xu Zhen Bo , Li Bing , Li Lin
Published: July 2012

GC-MS-based metabonomics was applied to investigate the urinary metabolic response to Cantonese Herbal tea (CHT) intake during a 38-day-period. Orthogonal projection on latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) with student’s t-test revealed that the global characterization of metabolic changes at each sampling time point were different. Dynamic sampling made it possible to evaluate dynamic metabolic responses to CHT intake.