bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proyeksi Astral: Analisis Wacana Fiksi Posmodern dalam Naskah Film Insidious
Authors: Rauf Ramis
Published: August 2017

This study aims to analyze astral projection as a concept of Death and Dying by using a postmodern fiction discourse analysis perspective in Insidious movie script. This study found that astral projection is a capability possessed by a person to leave physical body and explore an astral world or the spirit world. Astral projection is a death and dying concept that is presented as one of the postmodern fictional strategies known as superimposition. This strategy illustrates that there are two worlds that accumulate and co-exist with each other. Its presence is a way of deconstructing thoughts about something that is considered uncanny and unusual as well as a counterpart of totality that puts the ontological side of the existence of something. It is said by McHale (1987) that it is a sister-genre of postmodern fiction. Science fiction explores ontological issues in order to build a good story while postmodern fiction simply presents the problem without having to build a story. Furthermore, both genres can adopt each other's strategies. Meanwhile, postmodern fictional relations and fantasy fiction are the same, borrowing strategies for exploring ontological issues.
Relationship Between Shock Index and Clinical Outcome in Patients with Multiple Traumas
Authors: Shiryazdi SeyedMostafa , Mirshamsi Mohammad , Piri Ardakani HamidReza , Shiryazdi SeyedAli
Published: August 2017

Background: Initial assessment of hemodynamic parameters and timely management of patients regarding hypovolemic shock occurrence is the most essential clinical action in trauma patients and shock index (SI) has considerable accuracy associated with wide application. Therefore, this study is planned to evaluate the relationship of the shock index and clinical outcome in patients with multiple trauma referring to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital of Yazd in 2011.Methods: The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out on 334 patients with multiple trauma referring to Emergency Center of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital of Yazd in 2011. Patients were divided into two separate groups based on Shock index score (≥ 0.9 as abnormal SI and < 0.9 as normal SI).Finally, data were analyzed using Chi-square and independent sample t-test in SPSS ver.19.Results: There was significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean of and gender distribution (P= 0.001). There was also a significant difference between patients with head and neck trauma and pelvic injuries in terms of frequency distribution (P< 0.05). Hemodynamic parameters were also significantly different in the two studied groups (P< 0.001). Also, with regard to the frequency distribution of intensive care unit admission (ICU) and mortality rate, there was significant difference in the two groups.Conclusion: Shock index has considerable predictive value in patients with multiple trauma and can be used in initial management and assessment of patients with multiple trauma before any other diagnostic procedures since it is easily calculated. Shock index can also rapidly diagnose the real condition of trauma patient in primary hours and prevent secondary unpleasant clinical outcomes.
Os desafios do turismo no contexto da sustentabilidade: as contribuições do turismo de base comunitária
Authors:   Universidade de Brasília (Brasil), Burgos Andrés , Mertens Frédéric ,   Universidade de Brasília (Brasil)
Published: August 2017

The construction of a model of sustainable tourism development able to generate economic and social benefits at the same time minimize the environmental impacts, requires attention to issues related to participatory management. In this context, community -based tourism is presented as a tourism development practice that is able to point out paths to sustainability, provided that it is rooted in the participation and social leadership of local populations. This paper proposes a theoretical discussion about the dilemmas and perspectives of participatory management in the context of sustainable tourism through the proposed of community -based tourism. As a synthesis, it´s evidenced the premise of importance of social participation in the current systemic configuration of tourism in which the activity is overcoming the merely economic image to get new dimensions, transversalities and interdependencies.
Confecção de Sistema Embarcado Dual-Banda Capaz de se Comportar como um Nó de uma Rede de Sensores sem fio
Authors: Maia Michelle Cavalcanti , Oliveira Sérgio Campello
Published: August 2017

Recentemente, as redes de sensores sem fio (RSSFs) têm sido bastante estudadas. Elas utilizam a retransmissão de pacotes para economizar a energia dos nós e garantir a entrega de pacotes ao destino. As RSSFs podem ser uma das poucas soluções tecnicamente viáveis em locais sem infraestrutura de telecomunicações disponível. Contudo, em ambientes urbanos, as RSSFs podem ser uma alternativa para evitar a dependência das redes de celular para o envio de informações. Este artigo descreve um sistema embarcado, com microcontrolador ARM Cortex-M0+, que incorpora dois módulos transceptores RF, baseados nas bandas ISM de 433 MHz e de 2,4 GHz. O dispositivo foi idealizado para se comportar como um nó de uma rede de sensores sem fio. Ele realiza a comunicação com os outros nós por meio dessas tecnologias sem fio. Para decidir a tecnologia a ser utilizada ao transmitir pacotes de dados, foi testado um algoritmo adaptado que atua fortemente no descarte de retransmissões desnecessárias. Dependendo das situações do ambiente, do sistema e da rede, a tecnologia sem fio a ser utilizada é escolhida e as informações são retransmitidas entre os nós sempre com dois objetivos: garantir a entrega dos pacotes e minimizar o consumo de energia.
Energy-effective Grinding of Inorganic Solids Using Organic Additives
Authors: Mishra Ratan K. , Weibel Martin , Müller Thomas , Heinz Hendrik , Flatt Robert J.
Published: August 2017

We present our research findings related to new formulations of the organic additives (grinding aids) needed for the efficient grinding of inorganic solids. Even though the size reduction phenomena of the inorganic solid particles in a ball mill is purely a physical process, the addition
of grinding aids in milling media introduces a complex physicochemical process. In addition to further gain in productivity, the organic additive helps to reduce the energy needed for grinding, which in the case of cement clinker has major environmental implications worldwide. This is primarily
due to the tremendous amounts of cement produced and almost 30% of the associated electrical energy is consumed for grinding. In this paper, we examine the question of how to optimize these grinding aids linking molecular insight into their working mechanisms, and also how to design chemical additives of improved performance for industrial comminution.
Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: From Discovery to Self-assembly and Applications
Authors: Kovalenko Maksym V. , Bodnarchuk Maryna I.
Published: August 2017

Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) of the general formula APbX3 (A=Cs+, CH3NH3+, or CH(NH2)2+; X=Cl, Br, or I) have recently emerged as a unique class of low-cost, versatile semiconductors of high optoelectronic
quality. These materials offer exceptionally facile solution-based engineerability in the form of bulk single crystals, thin films, or supported and unsupported nanostructures. The lattermost form, especially as colloidal nanocrystals (NCs), holds great promise as a versatile photonic source,
operated via bright photoluminescence (PL) in displays or lighting (energy down-conversion of blue light into green and red), or via electroluminescence in light-emitting diodes. In this article we discuss the recent history of the development of highly-luminescent NCs of LHPs,
the current state-of-the-art of this class of materials, and the future prospects of this highly active research field. We also report the demonstration of long-range ordered, self-organized superlattice structures obtained from cube-shaped colloidal CsPbBr3NCs using drying-mediated self-assembly.
Advancing Materials and Methods for Photoelectrochemical Energy Conversion
Authors: Sivula Kevin
Published: August 2017

Strategies to convert energy from the sun into chemical fuels and feedstocks for a carbon-neutral economy are under rapid development. A photoelectrochemical route uses a direct semiconductor–liquid junction that offers simplicity but places challenging constraints on the materials
used. The LIMNO lab has made significant progress in demonstrating new viable classes of materials, defining new methods to control the nanostructure of photoelectrodes to enhance charge extraction, and to engineer the electrode interfaces to reduce losses in photoelectrodes. These techniques
contribute to a toolset which will enable inexpensively processed, robust semiconductor materials to obtain high performance solar to fuel conversion. Herein the major advances and achievements of LIMNO toward this goal are highlighted within the context of the current state of the art and the future prospects for the field.
Kontribusi layanan informasi dalam konseling dan kedisiplinan siswa terhadap prestasi belajar siswa
Authors: Utami Sri
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) pengaruh layanan informasi dan kedisiplinan siswa terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, (2) pengaruh layanan informasi terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, dan (3) pengaruh kedisiplinan siswa terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan teknik regresi. Penelitian dilakukan di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) di Kota Depok dengan populasi berjumlah 824 siswa. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebesar 80 siswa yang diambil secara proportional random sampling. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah (1) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan layanan informasi dan kedisiplinan siswa secara bersama-sama terhadap prestasi belajar, (2) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan layanan informasi terhadap prestasi belajar, dan (3) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan kedisiplinan siswa terhadap prestasi belajar.
Layanan bimbingan kelompok dalam meningkatkan komunikasi interpersonal siswa
Authors: Fijriani Fijriani , Amaliawati Rediska
Published: August 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas pelayanan konseling kelompok dalam meningkatkan komunikasi interpersonal pada siswa kelas X SMAN 1 Tanjurhalang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan  kuasi eksperimen pre-test dan post test control group design. Sampel penelitian diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 siswa sebagai sampel yang terbagi dalam dua kelas, 10 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen dan 10 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol. Pada kelas eksperimen, diberikan proses layanan konseling kelompok 8 kali pertemuan. Setelah melakukan analisis data, ditarik kesimpulan bahwa layanan konseling kelompok efektif dalam meningkatkan komunikasi interpersonal pada siswa kelas X SMAN 1 Tanjurhalang
Penerapan terapi suportif dengan teknik bimbingan untuk mengurangi dorongan bunuh diri pada pasien skizofrenia
Authors: Pardede Sulastry
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini menyelidiki kondisi pasien skizofrenia tipe paranoid yang memiliki dorongan bunuh diri tinggi yang ditandai gejala depresi dan gangguan mental; putus asa dan merasa tidak berdaya; kejadian negatif dalam hidup; isolasi sosial; disfungsi keluarga; kurang memahami makna hidup; dan penerimaan diri negatif. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui  gambaran klinis dan penerapan terapi suportif dengan teknik bimbingan untuk mengurangi dorongan bunuh diri pada pasien skizofrenia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah single case design. Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan tes psikologi diantaranya adalah Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, Sack’s Sentence Completion Test, Grafis, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory dan intervensi terapi suportif dengan teknik bimbingan. Hasil intervensi menunjukkan berkurangnya dorongan bunuh, di perkuat dengan hasil pre test 9 termasuk dalam kategori medium Intent, sedangkan skor post-test yaitu 3 termasuk kedalam kategori low intent dengan Suicide Intent Scale . Prognosis pada subyek: positif,  dimana dorongan bunuh diri berkurang.
EFEKTIFITAS PAPARAN ULTRA VIOLET SINAR MATAHARI TERHADAP KEPADATAN MASSA TULANG DAN KADAR KOLESTEROL PADA LANSIA
Authors: Fitria Cemy Nur , Prabowo Anis
Published: August 2017

Sinar matahari merangsang tubuh memproduksi vitamin D. Paparan sinar matahari pada wajah, leher, lengan, dan kaki selama 10-15 menit dapat menghasilkan 1.000 unit internasional (IU) sampai 3.000 IU. Vitamin D juga dapat memberikan perlindungan osteoporosis dan rakhitis. Kejadian kolesterol yang tinggi pada lansia di wilayah kecamatan Banjarsari Surakarta 50 persen dari lansia yang ada. Ultraviolet B dari sinar matahari 30 menit tiga kali seminggu selama 12 minggu dapat memperbaiki status vitamin D. untuk Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas paparan sinar ultraviolet terhadap kadar kolesterol darah lansia. Metode penelitian eksperimen dengan pre test and post test with control group, sampel diambil secara total sampling. Uji yang digunakan untuk mengetahui keefektifan paparan sinar matahari dengan uji dependent t-test dan independent t-test. Hasil penelitian 15 responden kelompok intervensi terhadap kepadatan massa tulang p value 0.007 dan kelompok kontrol p value 0,002 sehingga uji significancy bermakna Hasil penelitian 15 responden kelompok intervensi terhadap kadar kolesterol p value 0.008 dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol terhadap kadar kolestrol mempunyai p value 0.001. Kesimpulannya adalah paparan sinar matahari efektif meningkatkan kepadatan massa tulang dan menurunkan kadar kolesterol lansia. Sehingga lansia sangat bermanfaat melakukan paparan sinar matahari.
TUGAS KESEHATAN KELUARGA SEBAGAI UPAYA MEMPERBAIKI STATUS KESEHATAN DAN KEMANDIRIAN LANJUT USIA
Authors: Yuliyanti Tutik , Zakiyah Erna
Published: August 2017

Keluarga merupakan perantara yang efektif dan efisien untuk meningkatkan kesehatan lansia. Sesuai dengan tugas kesehatan keluarga upaya untuk meningkatkan status kesehatan dan kemandirian lansia perlu dilakukan asuhan keperawatan keluarga.Tujuan penelitianini untuk menganalisis pengaruhtugas kesehatan keluarga terhadap status kesehatan dan kemandirian lanjut usia. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu (quasi eksperimen)menggunakan rancangan Pre Eksperimental One Group Pretest and Posttest desigsn, melibatkan hanya satu kelompok eksperimen diberikanimplementasi tugas kesehatan keluarga dengan asuhan keperawatan keluarga.Teknik pengambilan sampel puposive samplingsejumlah sampel 30 keluarga dengan lanjut usia yang mempunyai masalah kesehatan.Hasil penelitian1) Ada pengaruh tugas kesehatan keluargasebelum dan sesudah dilakukan asuhan keperawatan keluarga terhadap status kesehatan lanjut usia (CI: 95%, p = 0,000) dengan harga t hitung sebesar 5.022 dan nilai signifikasi sebesar 0,000 (p < 0,005). 2) Tidak ada pengaruh tugas kesehatan keluarga sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan asuhan keperawatan keluarga terhadap kemandirian lanjut usia dengan harga t hitung sebesar -.0626 dan nilai signifikasi sebesar 0.536 (p > 0,005).Simpulan: tugas kesehatan keluarga melalui asuhan keperawatan keluarga berpengaruhterhadap status kesehatan lanjut usia, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kemandirian lanjut usia.
Mental health status of workers in selected tea estates, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Ashwini G.S. , Ramesh Naveen , Navya C.J. , Joy J. , Thomas A. , Jyoti S.
Published: August 2017

Introduction: The prevalence of mental illnesses among industrial workers ranged between 14% - 51%, which is more than that of the general population. Individual’s psychosocial functioning has an impact on the work efficiency and hence the current study was undertaken to screen workers in tea plantations.Objective: To document the prevalence of probable mental illness and its associated factors among workers in selected tea estates in South India.Methodology: A cross sectional study was done in two tea estates in Tamil Nadu from March to May 2012.  The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) 28 was used to screen for mental health status. Socio-demographic details, work profile and associated risk factors were also documented.Results: Among the 400 subjects interviewed, 75.5% were females. The mean age was 43.21 (±7.47) years and the mean work experience was 21.38 (±9.31) years. In this study 12.8% subjects screened positive for probable mental illness and 1%, 1%, 0.2% and 1.5% screened positive for the domains of somatic symptoms, anxiety/insomnia, social dysfunction and severe depression respectively. Workers who screened positive for probable mental illness had availed significantly greater duration of leave in the previous year. There was no significant association of mental illness with age, gender, marital status, substance abuse, designation, co-morbidity and stressful life events.Conclusion: The prevalence of probable mental illness was similar to other occupational settings. Management of the associated risk factors may improve one’s work efficiency and productivity.
A Preliminary Investigation into Multiple Pollutant Exposures and Nephrotoxicity Injury Among Goldsmiths
Authors: Shahajahan Sulthana , Ravichandran B , Reddy Shreedhar , Sen Somnath , Shruthi B.R.
Published: August 2017

Background: Goldsmiths are known for using potent toxic chemicals which pose a health risk to workers which occur either by inhalation or by dermal contact. Chemicals taken up by the body causes damage to vital organs of body such as kidneys, lungs etc., there by affecting their normal physiology and function.   Objective: Present study reports the assessment of Nephrotoxicity among goldsmiths who are employed from 4 years-50years in jewellery making units. Methods: The study involved various environmental parameters such as determination of TSPM for air pollutant analysis, biological parameters such as urinary β-2-microglobulin, urinary Creatinine, urinary albumin, urinary total protein concentrations, and serum concentrations of Glutathione-S-Transferase, Catalase, extracellular Super Oxide Dismutase and total protein in both control and test samples.Result: Environmental, biological parameters of exposure and renal dysfunction were examined in a group of goldsmith workers (n=22) and in an un-exposed control group (n=22).The parameters examined were compared between the two groups and related to different exposure parameters. The TSPM concentrations ranged between 75-664 µg/m3. The concentrations of β-2-microglobulin were 0.14-1.2 mg/g of Creatinine, In exposed group Serum concentration of Glutathione-S-Transferase was 1.19 ± 0.48, Catalase 5.1 ± 0.61, extracellular Super Oxide Dismutase 281.2 ± 90.8, and total protein 5.9 ±0.83. However there were no significant changes in the urinary albumin and urinary total protein concentrations between the exposed and the control population.
Photosynthesis, Pigment–Protein Complexes and Electronic Energy Transport: Simple Models for Complicated Processes
Authors: Baker Lewis A. , Habershon Scott
Published: August 2017

In this review, we discuss our recent work on modelling biological pigment–protein complexes, such as the Fenna–Matthews–Olson complex and light-harvesting complex-II, to explain their electronic energy transport properties. In particular, we highlight how a network-based analysis approach, where the light-absorbing pigments are treated as a network of interconnected nodes, can provide a qualitative picture of quantum dynamic energy transport. With this in mind, we demonstrate how other properties such as robustness to environmental changes can be assessed in a simple and computationally tractable manner. Such analyses could prove useful for the design of artificial energy transport networks such as those which might find application in solar cells.
A Brief 100 Year History of Carbon
Authors: Kemp Terence J.
Published: August 2017

Elemental carbon has been known from time immemorial in its forms of diamond and graphite, while the Industrial Revolution was powered by coal. The molecular structures of diamond and graphite were established following the inception of X-ray crystallography while the complex natures of charcoal and coal have been investigated for 100 years. Recent developments in activated charcoal are described in an article in this issue of Science Progress. However, no-one could have guessed that carbon would have presented such structural surprises as those of C60 fullerene, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Materials science has benefited from the discovery of carbon fibres, and our understanding of the spectroscopy and bonding in the simplest carbon molecule, C2, has reached new depths.
A simple method to synthesise Ag-doped TiO2 photocatalysts with different Ag0:Ag2O atomic ratios for enhancing visible-light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Chen C. , Lei X. F. , Xue M. Z.
Published: August 2017

Pure anatase TiO2 photocatalysts with different Ag contents were prepared via a simple sol-gel method. The as-prepared anatase Ag-doped TiO2 photocatalysts were characterised by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra, photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal gravity and differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy and N2 adsorption–desorption measurements (BET). Compared with pure TiO2, Ag-doped anatase TiO2 photocatalysts exhibited not only increases in light absorption in the visible region, the separation efficiency of electron–hole pairs and surface area, but also inhibition of the titania phase transition from anatase to rutile. Photoreduction results showed that Ag-doped anatase TiO2 photocatalysts have greatly improved photocatalytic activity, compared with pure TiO2, and the reduction of Cr(VI) under visible light irradiation was much higher than that of pure TiO2. The optimum Ag content was 1.0 mol%, which led to the complete reduction of Cr(VI) under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm) for 4 h. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to the synergic effect of the pure anatase structure, and the increased light absorption in the visible region, separation efficiency of electron–hole pairs and atomic ratio of Ag0:Ag2O.
Ferrocene-Containing Acylhydrazone Receptors: Synthesis, Structures and Electrochemical Anion Recognition Characteristics
Authors: Li Xia , Liu Wei , Song Maoping
Published: August 2017

Ferrocene-containing redox receptors bearing the 2-(quinolin-8-yloxy)acetohydrazide (qa) moiety on one arm, [Fe(Cpqa)Cp], or two arms, [Fe(Cpqa)2], have been synthesised and the X-ray crystal structure of [Fe(Cpqa)2] determined. [Fe(Cpqa)2] can sense H2PO−4 both electrochemically and selectively even in the presence of a large excess of Cl− and ClO−4.
Four new species of Aleiodes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) from the Neotropical Region
Authors: Sulca Garro Lidia , Shimbori Eduardo Mitio , Penteado-Dias Angélica Maria , Shaw Scott Richard
Published: August 2017

Four new species of the Aleiodes apicalis (Brullé) species group (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) from the Neotropical Region are described and illustrated: Aleiodes ambrosiaenew species. from Peru, A. aquilesinew species from Costa Rica, and A. sachambrosiaenew species and A. tapirapenew species from Brazil. We also add new distribution records for Aleiodes molestus Cresson, from Costa Rica. With the addition of the new species, the A. apicalis species group has 11 species from the New World, six of which are recorded from Neotropical Region.
Epigeal phase of the biological cycle of Forficula auricularia Linnaeus (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) in eastern Canada
Authors: Tourneur Jean-Claude
Published: August 2017

The population structure of the European earwig, Forficula auricularia Linnaeus (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), was investigated in three sites in eastern Canada (Montréal, Québec; Fredericton, New Brunswick; Truro, Nova Scotia), with two goals; describe the seasonal trends of the epigeal phase, and ascertain if the three studied populations belong to sibling species “A”, as opposed to sibling species “B” found in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Insects were collected using wooden grooved traps placed on lawns and tree trunks; traps were checked weekly from the first spring melt of the frost barrier until after autumn first frost (epigeal phase). The epigeal phase was short, about five months. The different instars and adults showed a single peak of abundance. No first instars, few second instars, and mostly fourth instars and adults were collected in the arborescent stratum. The data demonstrated that these three populations have the same epigeal phenology. The interbreeding experiment established that the three studied populations belong to the same sibling species (A) of F. auricularia, and differ from sibling species (B) from Vancouver. I suggest that the climatic conditions in eastern Canada are like those in other world regions where sibling species “A” is present, and that these regions represent the edge of the bioclimatic environment of this species because of its limits on reproduction.
Socio-Cultural Aspect of Violence and Effects on Peace Settlement in Sectarian Conflict Areas of Pakistan (A Case Study of Hangu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
Authors: Ali Madad , Ullah Aman , Ullah Shakir , Nisar Muhammad , Ahmad Waqar
Published: August 2017

This research study deals with socio-cultural factor of sectarianism in connection with peace. A sample size of 279 respondents was randomly selected of those respondents who belong to Shia and Sunni community in the three selected villages in District Hangu Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Frequencies distribution of data was conducted to know comprehensively about data layout. Moreover, Chi square (χ2) statistics was used to determine the level of association between dependent variable i.e. Perception about Peace with the independent variables (Socio Culture Factors). Simple liner regression model was applied to measure the dependence of one variable (dependent variable) upon other variable(s) (independent variable(s). The results disclosed that peace as the main demand (89.2%) of the people. While at bi-variate level social differences (p= .000), spreading fake rumors and issues (p=.000) in the influence of foreign states (p=.000), External interference also destroyed peace by implementing their religious ideology (p=.000). The overall model was discovered highly significant which shows that Socio Culture Factors has direct effect on peace of the community The study recommends that peace can be restored in the area on the sustainable basis of media, political parties and religious persons play a positive role. There should be strict ban on hate motivated speeches and literature, along with an eye on both the internal and external forces disturbing peace in the area as well as coordination and cooperation among the rival groups can further strengthen the process.
Ontslag vanwege een hoofddoek; de arresten Achbita en Bougnaoui en de Nederlandse rechtspraktijk
Authors: Swarte A. , Loof J.P.
Published: August 2017

Ontslag vanwege een hoofddoek; de arresten Achbita en Bougnaoui en de Nederlandse rechtspraktijk

Het Hof van Justitie heeft zich op 14 maart 2017 in twee verschillende zaken uitgesproken over het ontslag van een vrouwelijke werknemer vanwege het dragen van een islamitische hoofddoek. Naar beide arresten werd al enige tijd met spanning uitgekeken, onder meer vanwege de eerder gepubliceerde volkomen uiteenlopende conclusies van advocaten-generaal Kokott en Sharpston. Het Hof van Justitie lijkt veel ruimte te laten aan werkgevers om het dragen van religieuze symbolen op de werkplek te verbieden, mits zo’n verbod op een algemene en neutrale manier geformuleerd wordt. Er blijven echter veel vragen onbeantwoord en daardoor is onduidelijk hoe richtinggevend de arresten nu precies zijn.

HvJ 14 maart 2017, zaak C-157/15, Samira Achbita/G4S Secure Solutions NV, ECLI:EU:C:2017:203 en zaak C-188/15, Asma Bougnaoui/Micropole SA, ECLI:EU:C:2017:204
Population size, center–periphery, and seed dispersers’ effects on the genetic diversity and population structure of the Mediterranean relict shrub Cneorum tricoccon
Authors: Lázaro‐Nogal Ana , Matesanz Silvia , García‐Fernández Alfredo , Traveset Anna , Valladares Fernando
Published: August 2017

The effect of population size on population genetic diversity and structure has rarely been studied jointly with other factors such as the position of a population within the species’ distribution range or the presence of mutualistic partners influencing dispersal. Understanding these determining factors for genetic variation is critical for conservation of relict plants that are generally suffering from genetic deterioration. Working with 16 populations of the vulnerable relict shrub Cneorum tricoccon throughout the majority of its western Mediterranean distribution range, and using nine polymorphic microsatellite markers, we examined the effects of periphery (peripheral vs. central), population size (large vs. small), and seed disperser (introduced carnivores vs. endemic lizards) on the genetic diversity and population structure of the species. Contrasting genetic variation (HE: 0.04–0.476) was found across populations. Peripheral populations showed lower genetic diversity, but this was dependent on population size. Large peripheral populations showed high levels of genetic diversity, whereas small central populations were less diverse. Significant isolation by distance was detected, indicating that the effect of long‐distance gene flow is limited relative to that of genetic drift, probably due to high selfing rates (FIS = 0.155–0.887), restricted pollen flow, and ineffective seed dispersal. Bayesian clustering also supported the strong population differentiation and highly fragmented structure. Contrary to expectations, the type of disperser showed no significant effect on either population genetic diversity or structure. Our results challenge the idea of an effect of periphery per se that can be mainly explained by population size, drawing attention to the need of integrative approaches considering different determinants of genetic variation. Furthermore, the very low genetic diversity observed in several small populations and the strong among‐population differentiation highlight the conservation value of large populations throughout the species’ range, particularly in light of climate change and direct human threats.
Pride and punishment: Entitled people's self‐promoting values motivate hierarchy‐restoring retribution
Authors: Redford Liz , Ratliff Kate A.
Published: August 2017

What is the purpose of punishment? The current research shows that for entitled people—those with inflated self‐worth—justice is about maintaining societal hierarchies. Entitled people more strongly hold self‐enhancing values (power and achievement; Studies 1 and 3). They are also more likely, when thinking about justice for offenders, to adopt a hierarchy‐based justice orientation: Perceptions that crime threatens hierarchies, motives to restore those hierarchies, and support for retribution (Studies 2 and 3). Further, the relationship of entitlement to justice orientation is mediated by self‐enhancing values when entitlement is measured (Study 3) and manipulated (Studies 4, 5 and 6). Together these studies suggest that entitlement—and the resultant preoccupation with one's status—facilitates a view of justice as a hierarchy‐based transaction: one where criminal offenders and their victims exchange power and status. These findings reveal the self‐enhancing and hierarchy‐focused nature of entitlement, as well as the roots of retribution in concerns about status, power, and hierarchies.
Postcolumn determination of polyphenolic antioxidants in Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. extracts
Authors: Nalewajko‐Sieliwoniuk Edyta , Malejko Julita , Twarowska Paulina , Timoszuk Magdalena , Nazaruk Jolanta
Published: August 2017

Novel methods for the determination of polyphenolic antioxidants present in extracts from inflorescences of Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. based on ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and chemiluminescence detection have been developed. Under the optimized conditions of chromatographic separation the analytical characteristic of the method was performed. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of ten polyphenols present in inflorescences of Cirsium vulgare. A comparison of the contents of analytes in extracts prepared by using various extraction media (methanol, ethanol, 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, and water) was carried out for the first time. For the postcolumn detection of scavenging activity of polyphenolic antioxidants against reactive oxygen species (H2O2, •OH, O2• −) three systems based on chemiluminescence of luminol were used. A review of the current scientific literature shows that this is the first report on the application of luminol‐based postcolumn detection for the on‐line investigation of •OH scavenging activity. The main compound determined in extracts from inflorescences of Cirsium vulgare was apigenin 7‐O‐glucuronide, whereas the highest antioxidant activity was observed for chlorogenic acid, luteolin 7‐O‐glucoside, and apigenin.
Beyond Antiquarianism: A Review of Current Theoretical Issues in German-speaking Prehistoric Archaeology - ADDENDUM
Authors: Hofmann Kerstin P. , Stockhammer Philipp W.
Published: August 2017

In the above mentioned article (Hofmann and Stockhammer 2017) there was an asterisk proceeding ‘Kerstin P. Hofmann’, which has now been moved to proceed ‘Philipp W. Stockhammer’ to indicate that both authors are corresponding authors for this article.
Exploring the role of within-island ecogeographical factors: insights from the genetic diversity of Cretan trap-door spiders (Cyrtocarenum cunicularium, Ctenizidae : Araneae)
Authors: Thanou Evanthia , Kornilios Panagiotis , Poursanidis Dimitris , Parmakelis Aristeidis , Arnedo Miquel A. , Chatzaki Maria
Published: August 2017

Crete (Aegean Sea, Greece), like other Mediterranean islands, has a complex palaeogeographical history, including several cycles of fragmentation into palaeoislands and subsequent reconnection. Here, we use the Cretan trap-door spider Cyrtocarenum cunicularium as a model organism to explore the importance of within-island evolutionary processes, such as palaeogeographic events and climatic changes. We assessed the phylogeny, population clustering and historical demography of 61 specimens with mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (H3) markers. We investigated the isolation-by-distance and spatial diffusion processes that have shaped their past and current distribution and estimated the effect of niche divergence, using species distribution modelling. Two genetic lineages have continuously been distributed in the west and east part of Crete during the last 2million years. Their genetic structure is concordant with Crete’s fragmentation into palaeoislands during the Pliocene and additionally affected by the sea-level oscillations and climatic changes due to the Pleistocenic glacial cycles. In central Crete, some evidence of genetic admixture between them was found, which needs to be further explored. According to species distribution modelling, the niche of each lineage corresponds to different environmental parameters, while isolation-by-distance was also detected. The divergence between the ‘West’ and ‘East’ lineages was promoted by palaeogeographical factors but seems to be maintained by the species’ poor dispersal abilities and the local ecological adaptation of each lineage. The case of the Cretan C. cunicularium highlights the additive effect of ecogeographical and behavioural factors in shaping insular biodiversity.
Tremor Secondary to a Thalamic Glioma: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Tony R , Fadul Camilo E , Elias W Jeff
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE

Tremor is the most prevalent movement disorder. While the exact pathophysiology remains to be elucidated, the importance of the thalamus in tremor circuitry is well recognized. Thalamic lesions from demyelination, trauma, ischemia, or neoplasm rarely cause isolated tremor. We report the case of a patient presenting with a tremor secondary to a thalamic grade II astrocytoma that improved with treatment.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

A 50-yr-old male presented with a 1-yr history of right-hand tremor. The presence of long tract signs prompted imaging that revealed a lesion within the left thalamus. Stereotactic biopsy revealed a World Health Organization grade II astrocytoma. Prior to biopsy, the patient's tremor was graded using the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor. Immediately postoperatively the patient remained at his neurological baseline without improvement in his tremor. Subsequent fractionated radiotherapy with concomitant temozolomide followed by adjuvant temozolomide led to radiographic response as well as clinical improvement. The patient reported less tremor, which was confirmed objectively with improved Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor scores at 6 and 12 mo postoperatively.

CONCLUSION

This case of a thalamic glioma presenting with isolated contralateral tremor highlights the role of the thalamus in the development of tremor. Moreover, this particular case contrasts with other published reports on the lack of additional symptoms and tremor response to chemoradiation.
Evaluation of Fraud Examinations: A Contingent Approach to Private Internal Investigations
Authors: Gottschalk Petter
Published: August 2017

The business of private internal investigations by external fraud examiners has grown remarkably in recent decades. Law firms and auditing firms are hired by private and public organizations to reconstruct the past when there is suspicion of misconduct and potential financial crime. This article has presented an empirical study of 49 private internal investigations in Norway that were publicly available. A contingent approach to investigations was applied, where private investigations at later stages are facing different mandates than investigations at earlier stages in the criminal justice system. This research has been exploratory by indicating that fraud examiners make a higher level contribution at later stages in the criminal justice system.
Cardiac Auscultation for Noncardiologists: Application in Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs
Authors: Compostella Leonida , Russo Nicola , Compostella Caterina , Setzu Tiziana , Iliceto Sabino , Bellotto Fabio
Published: August 2017

This clinical skills review describes the most common cardiac auscultatory findings in adults after heart surgery and correlates them with prognostic indicators. It was written for noncardiologist health care providers who work in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation programs.

Mechanical prosthetic valves produce typical closing and opening clicks. Listening to their timing and features, as well as to presence and quality of murmurs, contributes to the awareness of potential prosthesis malfunction before other dramatic clinical signs or symptoms become evident. In patients with biological prostheses, murmurs should be carefully evaluated to rule out both valve malfunction and degeneration. Rubs of post-pericardiotomy pericarditis should prompt further investigation for early signs of cardiac tamponade. Third and fourth heart sounds and systolic murmurs in anemic patients should be differentiated from pathological conditions. Relatively new groups of heart surgery patients are those with chronic heart failure treated with continuous-flow left ventricle assist devices. These devices produce characteristic continuous noise that may suddenly disappear or vary in quality and intensity with device malfunction. After heart transplantation, a carefully performed and regularly repeated cardiac auscultation may contribute to suspicion of impending acute rejection. During cardiac rehabilitation, periodic cardiac auscultation may provide useful information regarding clinical-hemodynamic status and allow detection of heralding signs of possible complications in an efficient and low-cost manner.
Anti-diabetic drug binding site in KATPchannels revealed by Cryo-EM
Authors: Martin Gregory M. , Kandasamy Balamurugan , DiMaio Frank , Yoshioka Craig , Shyng Show-Ling
Published: August 2017

Sulfonylureas are anti-diabetic medications that act by inhibiting pancreatic KATPchannels composed of SUR1 and Kir6.2. The mechanism by which these drugs interact with and inhibit the channel has been extensively investigated, yet it remains unclear where the drug binding pocket resides. Here, we present a cryo-EM structure of the channel bound to a high-affinity sulfonylurea drug glibenclamide and ATP at 3.8Å resolution, which reveals in unprecedented details of the ATP and glibenclamide binding sites. Importantly, the structure shows for the first time that glibenclamide is lodged in the transmembrane bundle of the SUR1-ABC core connected to the first nucleotide binding domain near the inner leaflet of the lipid bilayer. Mutation of residues predicted to interact with glibenclamide in our model led to reduced sensitivity to glibenclamide. Our structure provides novel mechanistic insights of how sulfonylureas and ATP interact with the KATPchannel complex to inhibit channel activity.
The diversity, distribution and conservation status of the tree‐cavity‐nesting birds of the world
Authors: van der Hoek Yntze , Gaona Gabriel V. , Martin Kathy
Published: August 2017

Aim

Globally, many bird species nest in tree cavities that are either excavated or formed through decay or damage processes. We assembled an overview of all tree‐cavity nesters (excavators and non‐excavators) in the world, analysed their geographic distribution and listed the conservation status of all species.

Location

This is a global analysis of species from every continent except for Antarctica where the lack of trees precludes the occurrence of this group.

Methods

We reviewed the online version of the Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive,http://www.hbw.com/, and primary literature for species known to nest in tree cavities, with tree cavities defined as holes that a bird can enter such that it is not visible from the outside. We classified species by nester type (excavator or non‐excavator, and obligate or facultative where possible), conservation threat status and zoogeographic region, and tested for statistical differences in species distributions across realms using chi‐square tests.

Results

At least 1878 species (18.1% of all bird species in the world) nest in tree cavities, of which we considered 355 to be primary excavators, 126 facultative excavators and 1357 non‐excavators (we were unable to classify nesting type for 40 species). At least 338 species use cavities created by woodpeckers (Picidae), excluding reuse by woodpeckers themselves. About 13% (249 species) of tree‐cavity nesters experience major threats (i.e., status of vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered). The highest richness of tree‐cavity nesters is found in the Neotropical (678 species) and Oriental (453) regions, and the highest proportion of threatened species in Australasia (17%).

Main conclusion

Maintenance of a continual supply of cavities, a process in which woodpeckers and the processes of decay play critical roles, is a global conservation priority as tree cavities provide important nesting sites for many bird species.
Changes in haematopoietic progenitor colony differentiation and proliferation and the production of different abzymes in EAE mice treated with DNA
Authors: Aulova Kseniya S. , Toporkova Ludmila B. , Lopatnikova Julia A. , Alshevskaya Alina A. , Sennikov Sergei V. , Buneva Valentina N. , Budde Thomas , Meuth Sven G. , Popova Nelly A. , Orlovskaya Irina A. , Nevinsky Georgy A.
Published: August 2017

Immunization of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)‐prone C57BL/6 mice with MOG35‐55 (a model used to study aspects of human multiple sclerosis) is known to lead to the production of various abzymes. The production of catalytic IgGs that can efficiently hydrolyse myelin basic protein (MBP), MOG and DNA is associated with changes in the profile of differentiation and level of proliferation of mice bone marrow haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). As MOG simulates the production of abzymes with high DNase activity, we compared the effects of DNA and MOG immunization on EAE‐prone mice. In contrast to MOG, immunization with DNA leads to a suppression of proteinuria, a decrease in the concentrations of antibodies to MOG and DNA and a reduction in abzyme production. Immunization with DNA only resulted in a significant increase in DNase activity over 40 days where it became 122‐fold higher than before immunization, and fivefold higher when comparing to the maximal activity obtained after MOG treatment. DNA and MOG immunization had different effects on the differentiation profiles of HSCs, lymphocyte proliferation, and the level of apoptosis in bone marrow and other organs of mice. The data indicate that for C57BL/6 mice, DNA may have antagonistic effects with respect to MOG immunization. The usually fast immune response following MOG injection in C57BL/6 mice is strongly delayed after immunization with DNA, which is probably due to a rearrangement of the immune system following the response to DNA.
Population-based study of cognitive outcomes in congenital heart defects
Authors: Calderon Johanna , Willaime Marion , Lelong Nathalie , Bonnet Damien , Houyel Lucile , Ballon Morgane , Goffinet François , Khoshnood Babak
Published: August 2017

Objective

To characterise and compare cognitive outcomes in children with operated (open-heart surgery) and non-operated (catheter-based interventions only or no intervention) congenital heart defects (CHD) and to determine associated risk factors.

Design

This prospective population-based study reports outcomes of 3-year-old children with CHD with or without open-heart surgery.

Main outcome measures

Standardised cognitive scores (mean scores and proportions below normative values) were assessed with the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children II. We analysed demographic, perinatal and operative variables as predictors of cognitive outcomes.

Results

419 children participated (154 with open-heart surgery; 265 without surgery). Global cognitive scores did not differ between the groups. Compared with the non-operated group, children who underwent surgery obtained lower scores in expressive language (p=0.03) and logical reasoning (p=0.05). When compared with test norms, the frequency of global cognitive scores >1 SDs below the expected mean was higher in the surgical group (25% vs 16% in the general population) (p=0.03). A higher-than-expected proportion of children in the non-operated group scored >2 SDs below the expected mean (7% vs 2%) (p=0.05). Being small for gestational age (SGA) significantly increased the risk of cognitive impairment in the surgical group, after adjustments for multiple covariates including maternal education, complexity of the CHD and operative-related variables (adjusted OR=5.9; 95% CI (1.7 to 20.1)).

Conclusions

Despite mean scores within the normative range, a high proportion of preschool children with CHD with or without surgery are at early cognitive risk. SGA is a strong predictor of the neurodevelopmental prognosis in CHD.