bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tactile Slippage Analysis in Optical Three-Axis Tactile Sensor for Robotic Hand
Authors: Yussof Hanafiah , Nur Ismarrubie Zahari , Makhtar Ahmad Khushairy , Ohka Masahiro , Basir Siti Nora
Published: December 2013

This paper presents experimental results of object handling motions to evaluate tactile slippage sensation in a multi fingered robot arm with optical three-axis tactile sensors installed on its two hands. The optical three-axis tactile sensor is a type of tactile sensor capable of defining normal and shear forces simultaneously. Shear force distribution is used to define slippage sensation in the robot hand system. Based on tactile slippage analysis, a new control algorithm was proposed. To improve performance during object handling motions, analysis of slippage direction is conducted. The control algorithm is classified into two phases: grasp-move-release and grasp-twist motions. Detailed explanations of the control algorithm based on the existing robot arm control system are presented. The experiment is conducted using a bottle cap, and the results reveal good performance of the proposed control algorithm to accomplish the proposed object handling motions.
Performance Enhancement of Coal Classifier on the Effect of the Geometry
Authors: Isa Norasikin Mat , Bansin J.A.R. , Sadikin Azmahani
Published: December 2013

The paper presents a set of parametric studies performed on a coal pulveriser by means of scale model classifier. In this study, there were two aspect of geometry have been investigated, the number of vanes and the length of vortex finder. This study has been conducted using ANYSY FLUENT 14.0. The study includes the initial classifier model with 12 vanes and 230mm vortex finder length. An experimental result used to validate the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) result. Velocity measurements were taken at different axial locations within the scale model classifier. In conclusion, the two sets of data indicate good agreement and show the utility of CFD as a rating and design tool for coal pulveriser manufacturers. This work also shows that simplified experimental and computational models can be used to assist in the designing of a fully functional coal air classifier.
Duct Monitoring at Building Services Laboratory Using Mechanical Robot (MerDuct)
Authors: Abdullah M.D. Amir , Leman Abdul Mutalib , Zainudin A.H. , Syazwan M.M. Syafiq
Published: December 2013

Mechanical robot has been widely used in environmental monitoring. The robot were apply to the air ducting in the Mechanical Ventilation and Air Conditioning System ( MVAC) to show real view inside the ducting. The aim of the mobile robot is to help reach certain places that cannot afford by human especially in the ducting. This paper highlight the third model of Mechanical Robot Ducting (MerDuct) that has been developed and analyze the result obtains by the MerDuct. Abandoned ducting was selected to gather the visual image by MerDuct using in-situ approach method. The result shows the real condition inside the ducting, and rubbish were found in the ducting. The information gathers by MerDuct start from the beginning to the end of the ducting. The visual image captured will be important for pre and post duct cleaning process. This kind of monitoring also will be the guide for maintenance activity to create safe and clean indoor air to the building occupants and building environment.
Exergy Analysis of a Micro-Gas Turbine Fueled with Syngas
Authors: Sadig Hussain , Sulaiman Shaharin Anwar , Idris Ibrahim
Published: December 2013

A theoretical exergetic analysis of a small-scale gas-turbine system fueled with two different syngas fuels is discussed in this paper. For carrying out the analysis, a micro-gas turbine system with a thermal heat input of 50 kW was simulated using ASPEN plus simulator. Quantitative exergy balance was applied for each component in the cycle. The effects of excess air, ambient air temperature, and heat input on the exergy destruction and exergetic efficiency for each component were evaluated and compared with those resulted from fueling the system with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). For 50 kW heat input and 50% excess air, the total exergy destruction for LPG, Syngas1, and Syngas2 were found to be 17.3, 14.3, and 13.6 kW, respectively. It was found that increasing the excess air ratio to 100% increased the combustion chamber exergetic efficiency by 8%-10% but it reduced the exergetic efficiency of other components. The same trend was observed when tested ambient air temperature. The results also showed a reduction in the combustion chamber exergetic efficiency by 2%-4% when a 20% heat input increase was applied.
The Comparison of Preheat Fuel Characteristics of Biodiesel and Straight Vegetable Oil
Authors: Khalid Amir , Mustaffa Norrizal , Manshoor Bukhari , Zakaria Hanis , Alimin Ahmad Jais , Leman Abdul Mutalib , Sadikin Azmahani
Published: December 2013

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel derived from varies sources of vegetable oils, animal fat, or waste frying oil to give the corresponding fatty acid methyl ester. The properties of alternative fuel of CPO biodiesel and SVO biodiesel have been investigated at different temperature. The biodiesel was blended up palm oil blending ratio from 515vol% (B5B15) and straight vegetable oil ratio from 515vol% (S5S15). The properties were tested at 27.5°C, 40°C, 50°C and 60°C with observed the changes of the density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, water contents, and acid value. In this study, properties of CPO biodiesel were found to have a higher value and diesel fuel under all ambient temperature. Under all ambient temperature, preheating CPO fuel increased value of density, kinematic viscosity, water contents, and acid value than SVO biodiesel.
Effects of Calcination Factors on the Composite Cathode Powder LSCF-SDC Carbonate by Using Dry Milling
Authors: Bakar Muhamad Subri Abu , Kamaruddin M.F. , Ahmad Sufizar , Rahman Hamimah Abdul , Basri Hatijah , Muchtar Andanastuti
Published: December 2013

The effects of calcination factors on the La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ-SDCC (LSCF-SDCC) composite cathodes powder were investigated. LSCF-SDCC has been prepared using high energy ball milling technique via dry milling method. The resultant LSCF-SDCC composite cathodes powder then were calcined at 700, 750 and 800 °C with soaking time of 1, 2 and 3 hours. The findings reveal that different calcinations temperature and soaking time gives effects to the composite cathodes powder. Clear peak intensity demonstrate from calcination temperature 750 °C as confirm via XRD analysis indicates that crystalline structure has been improved. FESEM investigation demonstrate the presence of large particles in the resultant powder resulting from the increased calcination temperature and soaking time. LSCF-SDCC composite cathodes powder calcined at a temperature of 750oC for soaking time 1, 2 and 3 hours demonstrates good crystallite structure to be served as composite cathode SOFCs compared to samples calcined at 700oC and 800oC with soaking time 1, 2 and 3 hours.
Design and Enhancement of Radiofrequency Cannula (RC) for Chronic Pain Management
Authors: Kamaruddin Shafie , Way Wan Yusoff , Mohamed Abdul Hadi
Published: December 2013

The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of radiofrequency procedure, the main components of the procedure, critical issue concern with existing cannula design and proposed methodology in design and enhancement. The literature on radiofrequency procedure has been reviewed. The main issue or problem in existing design related to placement of cannula to target nerves which are ability to firmly hold the cannula and adjustment of the cannula to the target nerve. This study proposes the fabrication prototype cannula hub using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) machine. Essentially, this study may benefit a lot in providing alternative design of the cannula hub while promising a better performance of RF cannula.
Numerical Simulation of Integrated Impingements Cooling Structure: Heat Removal at the Impingement and Pin Surfaces
Authors: Atan Siti Rohila , bin Salleh Hamidon
Published: December 2013

Turbine blade cooling is crucial in order to maintain its temperature below melting point. Integrated impingement cooling (IIC) is one method to achieve this. Present study deals with 3-dimensional transient numerical simulations of the IIC structure for high performance turbine. Cooling performance of four newly proposed IIC configurations along with two configurations by Funazaki and Hamidon (2008) have been investigated using k-ε turbulence model via commercial CFD package, Ansys Fluent. The simulations were validated against the experimental data of Funazaki and Hamidon (2008) and good agreement between the numerical results and the experimental data was observed. Pin configuration of STAG1 and STAG3 gave the highest heat transfer coefficient at the target plate and pin surfaces respectively. Evidently, conductive pin that acts as fin can improve the overall heat transfer of the IIC system studied.
Effect of Water Content and Tween 80 to the Stability of Emulsified Biodiesel
Authors: Aziz Amir Bin , Jusoh Asraf , Mamat Rizalman , Abdullah A. Adam
Published: December 2013

Emulsified biodiesel are often stabilized using a combination ratio water, biodiesel and surfactant in achieving stable emulsions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term stability of three phase oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) with respect to the water content and Tween 80. Biodiesel emulsions containing 5 mL, 10 mL and 15 mL water were produce with combination of 95 mL, 90 mL and 85 mL B20 (80 % diesel + 20 % biodiesel) and surfactant by using a mechanical stirrer machine. The experimental results show that increasing concentration of Tween 80 more than 1.5g gave destructive effect on water in oil emulsion stability. In addition, lowering concentration of water content contribute to low polydispersity of emulsion which produced the high emulsification stability.
Investigate Jatropha Oil as New Source of Lubricant Oil
Authors: Golshokouh Iman , Syahrullail Samion , Shariatmadari Shahab , Ani Farid Nasir
Published: December 2013

This research investigated the physical properties of Jatropha oil to determine its viability as a clean and renewable source of lubricant oil. The study was performed using a four-ball tribotester, CCD camera, digital microscope and viscosity meter. The experiment was conducted using different temperatures (55, 75 and 105°C). The experiment was conducted of constant parameters as speed; load and time under the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), number D 4172.The data included the evaluation of anti-wear, anti-friction and viscosity of Jatropha oil. To evaluate lubricant ability all results of this research were compared to findings regarding hydraulic oil as a mineral oil-based lubricant. The results showed that, under various temperatures Jatropha oil had better lubricant ability compared to hydraulic mineral oil.
Performance Study of Activated Carbon – Hydrofluoro Olefin Based Adsorption Cooling System
Authors: Habib Khairul
Published: December 2013

In this study, a dynamic behavior of a two bed adsorption chiller has been analyzed using highly porous activated carbon of type Maxsorb III as adsorbent and hydrofluoro olefin [R1234ze (E)] as refrigerant. R1234ze (E) has a low global warming potential (GWP) and zero ozone depletion potential (ODP). A parametric study has been presented where the effects of adsorption/desorption cycle time, cooling water inlet temperature and regeneration temperature on the performance are reported in terms of cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP). This chiller can be driven by the waste heat of internal combustion engine and hence it is applicable in automobile air conditioning.
Performance Analysis of Photo Voltaic Trombe Wall for Tropical Climate
Authors: Irshad Kashif , Habib Khairul , Thirumalaiswamy Nagarajan , Elmahdi Anas Elrayah Ahmed
Published: December 2013

The present study examines the performance of a single zone building integrated with PV Trombe wall (PV-TW) in term of thermal load reduction and electrical energy production by varying PV Glazing types (i.e. Single Glazing, Double glazing, Double glazing filled with gas (Argon)). TRNSYS software is used for simulation in which inputs like climatic conditions, building construction details, thermal properties of materials, detail of PV-TW and orientation of building is inserted. By comparing the results of all three types of glazing it is found that PV Double glazing filled with argon shows significant reduction in mean air duct temperature, hence reduces the PV cell temperature and increases power production of PV panel. Also solar radiation captured by massive wall of PV-TW is reduced by using PV Double glazing filled with argon as compared to other types of glazing, which further reduces thermal load inside the building.
Experimental Investigation on Biodiesel-Ethanol-Diesel Blends Operating with a Diesel Engine
Authors: Mat Yasin Mohd Hafizil , Mamat Rizalman , Leman Abdul Mutalib , Khalid Amir , Tamaldin Noreffendy
Published: December 2013

Biodiesel is an alternative, decomposable and biological-processed fuel that has similar characteristics with mineral diesel which can be used directly into diesel engines. However, biodiesel has its drawbacks which are more density and viscosity compared to mineral diesel. Alcohol additives implementation such as ethanol could reduce significantly the density and viscosity of the biodiesel. In this study, biodiesel (20%)-ethanol (5%)-diesel (75%), biodiesel (20%)-methanol (10%)-diesel (70%), biodiesel (20%)-ethanol (15%)-diesel (65%), biodiesel (20%)-ethanol (20%)-diesel (60%) and standard mineral diesel as a baseline fuel are tested in a Mitsubishi 4D68 diesel engine. Those test fuels are investigated under the same operating conditions at three different engine loads; 20%, 40% and 60% at a constant engine speed of 2500 rpm to determine the engine performance, combustion and emission of the diesel engine. Overall, biodiesel-ethanol-diesel blends show higher brake specific fuel consumption than mineral diesel especially at higher ethanol concentration. As ethanol proportions in blends increase, CO emissions increase, while NO emissions are reduced. Also, biodiesel-ethanol blend with 5% ethanol is more effective than other biodiesel-ethanol blends for reducing CO emissions and improve the combustion.
Air Conditioner Unit with Thermal Energy Storage by Open Loop System
Authors: Supardi Inra , Noranai Zamri , Yusof Mohammad Zainal M.
Published: December 2013

Energy is very important in our daily activity especially in commercial and industries sector. These requirements have increased from time to time and as the result it is significantly end up with high energy demand and high energy cost. Thermal Energy Storage (TES) can be used as an alternative solution to reduce high energy demand and to reduce energy cost. The main reason of using TES system is to shift high energy demand from peak period to off peak period. Meanwhile, for building owner is to reduce energy cost by take opportunity low cost energy during off peak period. The purpose of this study is to develop a split unit air conditioner by substituting the circulation system with chilled water. The research was conducted by fabricating an air-conditioning blower unit integrated with cool thermal energy storage. Chilled water was used as medium to stored cool thermal energy. Water pump was used to circulate chill water from storage tank to evaporator and return back to storage tank. Series of experiments were conducted to test cooling performance of the developed product to produce cooling effect inside a chamber room. The experiments were conducted in a chamber room located at Block C6, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Finally, from experiment found 0.15 meter3 of chilled water had successfully maintained chamber design temperature more than 140 minutes.
Design and Fabrication of a Dual Powered Mini Pelletizer
Authors: Sonkhaskar Yeshwant Manohar , Deshpande V.S. , Modak J.P.
Published: December 2013

Wood pellets are compressed wood particles that are used as fuel. Pellets are gaining popularity and are commonly used in some areas of India owing to the cost effectiveness. One of the major reasons is the increase in the cost of primary fuels and concerns about global climate change. For research and development work and for the production of small quantities of pellets for specific applications, it is important to have a low-cost apparatus or machine for making pellets. The paper discusses the local design and manufacturing of a dual-mode pelletizing machine. It can be powered either electrically or manually. Therefore, it can be used by both rural as well as urban dwellers. It can be a backup in conditions of power failure, and can also prove a boon in rural areas where there is no electricity. The objective of this work was to analyze, design and fabricate a model for a Dual Mode Pelletizing Machine which would be used for production of pellets on small scale and can be powered by either electrical motor or human pedaling. The Pelletizing Machine was designed, fabricated and experiments were performed to obtain pellets from sawdust, powered by electric motor as well as human pedaling.
A Study of a Multi-Stage Downdraught Evaporative Cooling Device Using CFD to Assess the Effect of the Primary Inlet to Mixing Stack Area Ratio: Preliminary Work to Establish the Baseline Performance of the Device
Authors: Sarjito Sarjito , Marchant Denis
Published: December 2013

The aim of the research work described in this paper is to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to optimize the geometry of a multi-stage evaporative cooling device to investigate the effects on its performance by varying the primary inlet to mixing st ack area ratio. The studies do not simulate external wind effects or a wind catcher and the ambient air inlet was modelled as an opening. The computational domain was modelled to represent a typical small building having an overall cooled space volume of 1350 m3. The general result suggests that the combined effect of the increased mass flow rate and increased evaporative potential of the incoming air resulted in the observed increase in sensible cooling power.
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Magnetic Levitation Principle
Authors: Loon Wong Kian , Najib Ali Mokhtar , Azni Jafar Fairul
Published: December 2013

Global focused on green technology in the midst of energy escalating costs and the risk of global warming. Wind power is one of the realistic strategic choices to solve the problems. This paper focused on the development of a permanent magnet generator for a vertical axis wind turbine. High starting torque issued problem to vertical axis wind turbine. Therefore, application of magnetic levitation resolved the problem. Magnetic levitation reduced wind turbine weight acting by the gravitational force. The prototypical structure on customize design are analyzed on its geometry and output voltage are measured.The prototype produced is capable for voltage generation of up to 5.48 volts or more depending on the number of coils and the constant speed of the air flow.
Review of the Investigation of Fuel-Air Premixing and Combustion Process Using Rapid Compression Machine and Direct Visualization System
Authors: Jaat Mohamad , Khalid Amir , Manshoor Bukhari , Basharie Siti Mariam , Ramsy Him
Published: December 2013

s :This paper reviews of some applications of optical visualization system to compute the fuel-air mixing process during early stage of mixture formation and late injection in Diesel Combustion Engine. This review has shown that the mixture formation is controlled by the characteristics of the injection systems, the nature of the air swirl and turbulence in thecylinder, and spray characteristics. Few experimental works have been investigated and found that the effects of injection pressure and swirl ratio have a great effect on the mixture formation then affects to the flame development and combustion characteristics.This paper presents the significance of spray and combustion study with optical techniques access rapid compression machine that have been reported by previous researchers. Experimental results are presentedin order to provide in depth knowledge as assistance to readers interested in this research area. Analysis of flame motion and flame intensity in the combustion chamber was performed using high speed direct photographs and image analysis technique. The application of these methods to the investigation of diesel sprays highlights mechanisms which provide a better understanding of spray and combustion characteristics.
Simulation Study on the Performance of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Samiran N. Afzanizam , Wahab A.A. , Sofian Mohd , Rosly Nurhayati
Published: December 2013

The present study considered the design improvement of Savonius rotor, in order to increase the efficiency of output power. An investigation was conducted to study the effect of geometrical configuration on the performance of the rotor in terms of coefficient of torque, coefficient of power and power output. Modification of conventional geometry has been designed by combining the effect of number of blades and shielding method. CFD simulation was conducted to analyze the flow characteristic and calculate the torque coefficient of all the rotor configurations. The continuity and Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and realizable k-ε epsilon turbulence model are numerically solved by commercial software Ansys-Fluent 14.0. The results obtained by transient and steady method for the conventional two bladed Savonius rotor are in agreement with those obtained experimentally by other authors and this indicates that the methods can be successfully applied for such analysis. The modified 3 and 4 bladed rotors with hybrid shielding method gave the highest maximum power coefficient which 0.37 at TSR 0.5 and output power exceed 4 watts with rotor dimensions of 0.2m width and 0.2m height. This blade configuration also is the best configuration by several percentages compared to the other model from the previous study
Green Pedestrian and Cyclist way for Sustainable Campus: Case Study at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Authors: Yusof Mohd Sallehuddin , Said Z. , Zaki A.W.A.
Published: December 2013

In order to encourage students or staff using the walkways as pedestrian and cycling as a mode of trip made inside the campus, the design and layout of the walkway should be improved in the first place. This study will discussed about the existing spatial planning of pedestrian and cycling ways. It will also researches the spatial planning of the walkways with trees and other landscape amenities, examining the obstacles, study on the potential demand for pedestrian and cycling purposes. Within this research a preliminary result on existing pathways inside UTHM as a case study will be exhibited. A survey will be carried out on various parameters and the data collected will be demonstrated at the end of the study. Finally it is hoped that this study will lead to the development of a guideline in designing a functional pedestrian way within a campus where critical parameters such as safety and comfort will be prioritize.
Preheated Biodiesel Derived from Vegetable Oil on Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engines: A Review
Authors: Mustaffa Norrizal , Khalid Amir , Sies Mohamad Farid , Zakaria Hanis , Manshoor Bukhari
Published: December 2013

This present study discusses the effects of preheated biodiesel and its blends on the performance and emissions of diesel engines. Limited supply of fossil fuel makes biodiesel as one of the major solution for this current situation. However, in using biodiesel and its blends as fuel had created few problems such as poor fuel droplet formation and atomization that consequently result on lots of carbon formation deposit on the valves and injector choking. These problems occur due to the effect of higher viscosity of the biodiesel and its blends itself. This paper reviews the recent research on the effects of preheated biodiesel on viscosity and thus influences to the performance and emissions. Generally there are four methods to lower the viscosity that are heating, blending, micro-emulsification and transesterification. Heating is the easiest solution to bring lower the viscosity. Biodiesel and its blends were heated up before combustion process and most of the researcher reported that the brake power was lower than diesel fuel but higher than unheated biodiesel while the BSFC was found to be higher than diesel fuel and unheated biodiesel. In addition, it observed that the NOx emission was higher than that of diesel fuel and unheated biodiesel.
Development of the Premixing Injector in Burner System
Authors: Sies Mohamad Farid , Mustaffa Norrizal , Zakaria Hanis , bin Salleh Hamidon , Manshoor Bukhari , Khalid Amir
Published: December 2013

Today, global warming is the biggest issues due the increasing of emissions from diesel fuel in transportation and manufacturing sectors [1-. The solution for this issue is by using Biodiesel fuel as alternative fuel in both sectors. Malaysia government has introduced the Biodiesel (B5) in the diesel engine for transportations [3]. Biodiesel fuel (BDF) in alternative fuel and renewable energy but it has low quality of fuel and can reduce the performance compared to the diesel fuel (DF)[4-6].
Effect of Storage Temperature and Storage Duration on Biodiesel Properties and Characteristics
Authors: Zakaria Hanis , Khalid Amir , Sies Mohamad Farid , Mustaffa Norrizal , Manshoor Bukhari
Published: December 2013

Biodiesel based on vegetable oils offer the advantage being a sustainable and environmentally attractive alternative to conventional petroleum based fuel. Biodiesel is produced from any fat or oil such as soybean oil, through a refinery process called transesterification. The key issue in using vegetable oil-based fuels is oxidation stability, stoichiometric point, bio-fuel composition, antioxidants on the degradation and much oxygen with comparing to diesel gas oil. Biodiesel can be used as a pure fuel or blended with petroleum in any percentage but the standard storage and handling procedures used for biodiesel are the main issue due to the biodiesel fuel specifications. In the quest for fulfill the industry specifications standard; the fuel should be stored in a clean, dry and dark environment. In this research, three different storage temperature were study which are; low (0 5 °C), ambient, and high (40 50 °C). The key parameters that are required to store biodiesel are discussed, and the recent research advances are noted. Five types of biodiesel after storage all the samples for 2016 hours were tested plus with two product of combustion. Images analysis for combustion process was used to image appearances analysis. Under 2016 hours of storage duration, the effect of degradation was happen although the effect is not significance because the changes are still in acceptable ranges.
Spin-Off Maneuvers of Flexible Satellite Using PD Based Constant-Amplitude Inputs
Authors: Setyamartana Parman , Razali Radzuan B. , Zainuddin Azman
Published: December 2013

Spin-off maneuver of a flexible satellite using constant-amplitude thrusters is studied in this paper. The satellite consists of a rigid main body and two symmetrical solar panels. The panels are having structural flexibility and their motions are discretized following the finite element method. Under constant-amplitude thrusts, steady-state attitude angle oscillations may occur in large amplitude after the maneuvers. Since in operation the satellite should point to certain area on the earth precisely, these oscillations of course are not acceptable. To reduce the oscillations, proportional derivative (PD) based constant-amplitude input shaping logic is proposed to determine time locations of thruster switching. Then, under such inputs, spin-downs of the satellite are simulated numerically. Results of simulations indicate that the precise orientation of the satellite can be achieved.
Numerical Simulation of a High-Aspect-Ratio Wing Using High Fidelity Aero-Structural Coupled Method
Authors: Wang Ze Hai , Lv Ming Yun , Meng Jun Hui , Tao Guo Quan
Published: December 2013

High-aspect-ratio wings, with the inherent nature of maximizing the lift-to-drag ratio, have been widely employed in modern airplanes. However, highly flexibility wing structure renders previous rigid model in aerodynamic simulation and ideal aerodynamic force distribution in structural simulation meet serious challenges. In this article, a high fidelity aero-structural coupled method is employed to better evaluating the deformation of a high-aspect-ratio wing. Summarily, this method takes into consideration the aerodynamic redistribution and the geometrical nonlinearity caused by large deformation of the wing, and the deflection calculated using coupled method is approximately 20% more than traditional unidirectional method, providing a more accurate model for structural design and optimization.
Two Dimensional Compressible Flow Analysis over a Generic Cruise Missile Model
Authors: Elkamel Hasan Taher M. , Basuno Bambang , Alakashi Abobaker Mohammed
Published: December 2013

This study presents Two Dimensional Compressible Flow Analysis Over a Generic Cruise Missile Model. The aerodynamics analysis carried out by use of Fluent Software. Here the pertinent Cruise missile geometry data had been chosen is BGM-109 tomahawk missile. Basically the flow problem around this missile model is a three dimensional flow problem. Treating the flow problem in view as two dimensional flow case, since their result will be used as a comparison purposes with the CFD code which currently under development. The aerodynamics analysis of this missile model carried at the free stream Mach number M = 0.7 for three different angle of attacks α = - 50, 0 and α = 50 . Here the flow is treated as an inviscid compressible flow applied to the missile configuration as (1) fuselage alone, (2) a combined configuration as fuselage and tail and (3) as wing body tail configuration. The results obtained by use of fluent software for those three configurations indicate the flow pattern surrounding object in term of flow properties ( pressure, density and Mach number ) change significantly between the missile as fuselage alone and their other combined configurations. As the angle of attack increase the change of flow pattern surrounding the missile become apparently compared to flow pattern at zero angle of attack. In addition to this, a symmetrical solution between the result at angle of attack α = 50 and α = -50 are also found.
On the Determination of Longitudinal Transfer Function of the Cessna - 182 Aircraft Model
Authors: Al Aian Ahmad Eshtiwey , Basuno Bambang , bin Omar Zamri
Published: December 2013

The present work focuses on the development of computer code related to the longitudinal stability analysis on a propeller driven light aircraft model. The computer code designed in such a way, so for a given aircraft data will produce the result in term of: 1) Longitudinal stability derivatives in non dimensional form as well as in their dimensional form, 2) The longitudinal stability aircraft characteristics related to position of neutral point ( stick free and stick fixed ) also the requested forces for deflecting the control surface, 3) The transfer function in response to the control surface deflection for the component velocity and pitch angle. Through this developed computer code one can make an assessment the longitudinal behavior for the propeller driven light aircraft [.
Cost Analysis of a Hybrid Airship Vehicle for Cargo Delivery
Authors: Mahzan Muhammad Iyas , Sallehuddin Muhamad
Published: December 2013

Cargo transportation is a very serious business and cost of delivering a pound of cargo for a mile keeps rising every day. Today, there are two options exist; fast but expensive aircraft and slow but inexpensive sea freight. A Hybrid Air Vehicle (HAV) was designed to solve this problem by combining the aerodynamic lift advantages from a lifting body shape and the effectiveness of lighter than air from buoyancy. These combined lifting capabilities gave the HAV enough lifting force to carry additional cargo compared to aircraft and its propeller engine gave it the ability to travel relatively fast compared to sea freight. The cost of transporting a pound of cargo a mile using proposed HAV is $ 0.00022/lb-mile as compared to $0.00043/lb-mile for C-5 Galaxy which translates to nearly 48% saving. The HAV cost 1000% more than sea freight but it is 647% faster.
Ground Viscous Effect on Aerodynamics of a Compound Wing with Different Reynolds Number
Authors: Jamei Saeed , Priyanto Agoes , Maimun Adi , Tofa Mohammad Mobassher , Azwadi Nor , Mansor Shuhaimi
Published: December 2013

The fly of wing-in-ground effect (WIG) crafts can be affected by ground boundary layers. In this study, the effect of ground viscous on aerodynamic coefficients of a compound wing of WIG craft was numerically investigated. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used for numerical study. The simulations were done respect to different ground clearance and Reynolds number. A realizable k-ε turbulent model was employed for the modelling flow field around the wing area. The numerical results of the compound wing for fixed ground validated with the experimental data. Aerodynamic coefficients of the compound wing were determined for fixed and moving ground. Accordingly, the numerical result presented that lift and drag coefficients and lift to drag ratio has been affected by ground boundary layers while moment coefficient and centre of pressure of compound wing had no more variation due to remove ground viscous. The effect of ground viscous on aerodynamics of the compound wing had a slight changes respect to Reynolds number. CFD can be employed as a good method to find the influence of ground viscous on aerodynamics of WIG crafts.
A Novel Design of Car Wiper Using Compliant Mechanism Method
Authors: Ahmad Mohd Nizam , Mat Karimah , Muhamad Wan Mansor Wan
Published: December 2013

Compliant mechanism is a new design approach on industry, particularly on product development, which reducing cost, development time and introduction of new quality components. This paper is focusing on the application of compliant mechanism concept on car wiper by using shape optimization method to get optimum compliant design of wiper. Reverse engineering has been used to gather dimensional data in order to model the actual wiper as datum. Compliant wiper designs are developed by replacing the joints at datum wiper; hence the components of wiper were reduced to become single part only. The shape of compliant wiper then was optimized by using ASNYS to get the optimal compliant design. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was done on both datum and compliant wipers to examine the results. Simple physical and functional testing has been conducted to validate the functionality of compliant wiper. Based on the FEA results and simple testing, the compliant mechanism is able to be implemented at car wiper.
Development of Course Management and Monitoring System as a Quality Tools in Engineering Education
Authors: Muhd Nor Nik Hisyamudin , Azlan Mohd Azwir , Kiong Sia Chee , Mohamad Fariza , Ismail Al Emran , Kasmin Ashari , Ahmad M.F. , Seiji Yokoyama
Published: December 2013

Engineering education in Malaysia has moving fast in creating high quality environment for all higher educational institution graduates through several innovative and creative teaching and learning tools and methods. Stress on the quality of delivery method in higher education was also increased in order to assure that the graduates are really fulfilling the needs of the stakeholders. In this work, we have developed a Course Monitoring and Management System (CMMS) to ease the lecturers in managing and monitoring the class. User survey was conducted to identify the actual requirements and data from the survey was used to construct the CMMS. By reducing the lecturers loads in the managing and monitoring activities, lecturers can be more focus in delivering innovative and effective teaching techniques that really notable for the production of high quality graduates.
Design and Optimisation of Pressure Vessel Using Metaheuristic Approach
Authors: Hassan Sulaiman , Kumar Kavi , Raj Ch Deva , Sridhar Kota
Published: December 2013

The objective of design optimization of pressure vessels is cost reduction by reducing weight with adequate strength and stiffness. Optimization is the act of obtaining the best result under given circumstances. Conventional design aims at finding acceptability design which merely satisfies the functional and other requirements of the problem. In general, there will be more than one acceptable designs and the purpose of design optimization is to choose the best. In the present work parameters such as thickness of the shell, and dish end, length and radius of the pressure vessel are optimized by making use of ACO has been shown for a Pressure vessel problem with four variables and four design constraints. It is found that the results obtained from ACO are better as its search is for global optimum as against the local optimum in traditional search methods. The results of the ACO have been checked using ANSYS, and it is found to perform satisfactorily.
Investigation of Intake Flow Rate and Swirl Motion of Sl Engine
Authors: Suhaimi Shafiq , Mamat Rizalman , Abdullah Abdul Adam , Aziz Amir , Abdullah Nik Rosli
Published: December 2013

In the process of producing an optimized air intake system design, detailed understanding of the airflow motion is required. To reach such understanding, this paper aims to investigate the flow rate and swirl motion of an engines inlet system at different pressures and different conditions. Using a commercial steady flow bench and a swirl meter, the different parameters, the flow rate and swirl coefficient, is obtained at different valve lifts. The inlet system will then be tested in different pressures and at different engine configurations. Since the tested inlet system has two valves in its intake port, both valves are tested separately as well as tested together. It is found that the flow rate pattern mirrors the swirl pattern where the value increases as the valve lift increases but decreases and levels after a certain valve lift. Increase in pressure from 5kPa to 10kPa exhibits a 43% increase in flow rate and 90% increase in swirl coefficient and by removing the manifold, the flow rate only increase by 4% but the swirl coefficient changes by 30%. Theses findings show the main factors that affects the intake process and the results will be used as a baseline to improve the intake system.
Performance of Diesel Engine Operating with Waste Plastic Disposal Fuel
Authors: Hamzah Mohd Herzwan , Abdullah Abdul Adam , Sudrajat Agung , Ramlan Nur Atiqah , Jaharudin Nur Fauziah
Published: December 2013

Nowadays, many researches are conducted to produce alternative fuel. In order to overcome increasing price of fossil fuel and environmental issues, fuel from natural sources such as palm, rapeseed and jathropa are increasingly being utilized to produce bio-fuel. Similar as natural source, waste product such as plastics and tires also can be processed to produce alternative fuel. In this paper, engine performance of diesel engine operating with 100% waste plastic disposal fuel (WPDF) is analyzed and compared to diesel fuel. The experiment is conducted using single cylinder YANMAR TF120M diesel engine which is operating at variable speed and constant load. The performance parameters that analyzed in the experiment are engine power, torque, combustion pressure and exhaust gas temperature. Results of the experiment shows that waste plastic disposal fuel (WPDF) potentially can be use as alternative fuel in diesel engine. However, based on the data obtained, performance of diesel engine operating with WPDF is lower compared to diesel fuel.
CFD Application in Resistance Analysis for Advanced Semi-SWATH Vehicle
Authors: Ali Arifah , Maimun Adi , Ahmed Y.M.
Published: December 2013

Demand on High Speed Craft (HSC) is increasing due to development of inland transportation. Research of advanced HSC have been in good progress as the design characteristics of the vessel have much to be discovered. One of the important analyses for HSC is hydrodynamic analysis which includes resistance analysis to maintain good performance with low fuel consumption. In this paper, resistance and flow pattern of one type of HSC, Semi-Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull (SWATH) with advanced design is analyzed. In current research, Computational simulation using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) is performed with RANSE code in order to obtain catamaran performance in resistance. Therefore, the accuracy of CFD for Semi-SWATH is analyzed by comparing the simulation result with experimental result in both catamaran and SWATH mode. Volume of Fluid (VOF) Method is applied to analysis the effect of free surface on the twin hull. For both configurations, the investigation was conducted on the hull form with constant separation length and at different Froude Number from 0.31 to 0.68. The results were compared to available experimental results which were conducted in towing tank at UTM Marine Technology Center.
An Investigation of Supercharged Air Filter System on the Performance of a Spark Ignition Engine
Authors: Zain Shukri , Fazri Shaari M.
Published: December 2013

Considering the enhancement device for air intake systems have been widely available in the market for automotive engines, in this paper, the effect of Supercharged Air Filter (SAF) system on a Spark Ignition (SI) engine were experimentally investigated. Three different types of air filter; standard, conical shape air filter and SAF were tested on a four-stroke single-cylinder engine. The engine was coupled to a 20kW generator dynamometer to measure engine performance parameters; engine torque, engine power (B.P), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) at various engine speeds with maximum engine load. The results show that the forced induction system can affect the engine performance but it will make the engines fuel consumption higher than standard system.
Distribution of Two-Stage Direct Injection CNG-Air Mixture near Lean Limit Using CFD
Authors: Fawzi Mas , Manshoor Bukhari , Kidoguchi Yoshiyuki , Nada Yuzuru
Published: December 2013

Previous work shows that gas-jet ignition with two-stage injection technique is effective to extend lean combustible ranges of CNG engines. In this report, the robustness of the gas-jet ignition with two-stage injection method was investigated purposely to improve the performance of a lean burn direct injection CNG engine. The experiment was conducted using an engine at speed of 900 rpm, fuel-injection-pressure of 3MPa, equivalence ratio at 0.8, and ignition timing at top dead center. The effect of first injection timing on the test engine performance and exhaust emission was analyzed. First injection timings near the gas-jet ignition produced unstable combustion with occurrence of misfires except at a timing which produced distinctively good combustion with low HC and CO emissions. Computational fluid dynamics was used to provide hindsight of the fuel-air mixture distribution that might be the cause of misfires occurrence at certain injection timings.
Stress Analysis on an Automotive Crankshaft under Mixed Mode Loading
Authors: Nikabdullah N. , Alebrahim Reza , Singh Salvinder S.K. , Ismail Mohd. Izzali , Bakar Mohd. Azali Abu
Published: December 2013

The failures of the crankshafts are constantly subjected to cyclic loading which will tend to display the effects of fatigue that is stochastic in nature. The maximum bending moment occurs during the combustion cycle, where the direction of forces acting on the crankshaft will be exactly towards the centre of the crank radius. The torsional stress occurs during the power cycle can be considered as a quasi-static torsion as it is in steady condition. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the development of the analytical stress analysis used to determine mixed mode loading acting on the crankshaft. The analytical method developed according to the geometric ratio of the connecting rod and crankpin web to determine the variation of bending moment and torsional stress. It was observed that the maximum bending moment and torsional stress acting on the crankshaft are at angles and respectively due to the geometric ratio of the connecting rod and crankpin web. The analytical method that was derived and used for this study provides a good accuracy in determining the critical angles for bending moment and torsional stress acting on the crankshaft based on the geometric ratio.
Numerical Study of Turbulent Heat Transfer in Annular Pipe with Sudden Contraction
Authors: Togun Hussein , Abdulrazzaq Tuqa , Kazi S.N. , Badarudin A. , Ariffin Mohd Khairol Anuar
Published: December 2013

Turbulent heat transfer to air flow in annular pipe with sudden contraction numerically studied in this paper. The k-ε model with finite volume method used to solve continuity, moment and energy equations. The boundary condition represented by uniform and constant heat flux on inner pipe with range of Reynolds number varied from 7500 to 30,000 and contraction ratio (CR) varied from 1.2 to 2. The numerical result shows increase in local heat transfer coefficient with increase of contraction ratio (CR) and Reynolds number. The maximum of heat transfer coefficient observed at contraction ratio of 2 and Reynolds number of 30,000 in compared with other cases. Also pressure drop coefficient noticed rises with increase contraction ratio due to increase of recirculation flow before and after the step height. In contour of velocity stream line can be seen that increase of recirculation region with increase contraction ratio (CR).
Drying Characteristics of Several Agricultural Product: Effect of Drying Temperature
Authors: Farhan Mohd Nazif , Mohideen Batcha Mohd Faizal , Sabudin Sulastri
Published: December 2013

Drying is essentially a process of simultaneous heat and mass transfer, in general, to remove moisture from a wet material to give a long shelf-life or to facilitate further processing. The drying medium flowing around the material serves to remove the moisture. In most drying operations, water is the liquid evaporated using air as the drying medium [. For each individual particle, the drying process involves moisture migration from the inner core regions to the particle surface. The surface moisture is then vaporized or evaporated into the drying medium.
Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Down Stand Structure in Fire Compartment on Smoke Contamination Atrium Upper Balconies
Authors: Hasnain Syed Ali , Nasif Mohammad Shakir , Pao William , Al-Waked Rafat
Published: December 2013

Atrium is gaining popularity in the modern societies because of its special attraction. However, during fire incident it causes significant risk due to its open spaces between floors. In atriums smoke can move easily to upper floors through these open spaces and causes smoke contamination of the atrium upper floors. Moreover, presence of down stand structure at the fire compartment opening is required in any shop in atrium shopping mall to display the trade name of the shop. This study investigated the effect of down stand structure on smoke contamination of upper balconies of an atrium by using Fire Dynamic Simulator, CFD software. A correlation that predict the smoke contamination occurrence in the presence of fire compartment down stand structure is developed. The results shows that down stand structure resulted in increasing the effect of smoke contamination in upper floors of an atrium.