bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDENTS PREFERENCE ON MULTIMEDIA MATERIALS FOR EXTENSIVE LISTENING ACTIVITY
Authors:   Universitas Islam Majapahit, Ganinda Nurhayati , Lindawati Rini ,   Universitas Islam Majapahit
Published: June 2024

One of English language skills that widely use multimedia as a teaching medium is listening skills. This is because the most prominent teaching media for this skill is audio media. Meanwhile, audio media can be easily obtained in types of multimedia that have audio and visual elements such as videos, films, songs, games, etc. Apart from these two elements, other elements such as text and images are often found also in multimedia used in teaching listening skills. Teaching extensive listening skills in particular makes extensive use of multimedia in the teaching process. The aim of this research is to determine the type of multimedia chosen by students in extensive listening practice, and explain their reasons for choosing certain type of multimedia. This research use literature review design using content analysis to analyze data from the references. There are three steps applied in the content analysis process, namely data reduction, data display, and verification. Among the five multimedia listening materials used, film clips and documentaries are the materials that are always chosen, while songs are the materials that are least often chosen for extensive listening activities.
Specification in the Soviet Law of Ensuring by the Court the Right of the Defendant to Protection in His Right to Questions in Interrogations
Authors:   Northwest Branch, Russian State University of Justice, St. Petersburg, Russia, Zashlyapin Leonid A.
Published: June 2024

The object area of the study is the legal relations considered in the related normative construction of the principle of ensuring the right of the defendant to defense and his subjective right to questions in judicial interrogations, which arose on the basis of the Criminal Procedure Code of the RSFSR of 1960. As the main method, normative scaling is used, based on the axiom of the normative similarity of different-sized legal constructions (the normative principle of ensuring the right of the defendant to defense and a separate rule on the right of the defendant to questions in court interrogations). As a result of the study, the following conclusions are formulated. The implementation of the normative invariant that existed in the rule on ensuring the defendant’s right to personal defense by the court in the form of his use of questions during judicial interrogations did not have a complete concretization in the institute of questions during judicial interrogations. The large-scale normative object (the principle of criminal procedure) did not show full similarity in the rules on the questions of the defendant in judicial interrogations. The absence of a complete similarity between the principle of ensuring the right to defense and the defendant’s right to questions may indicate a conflict of laws in the bilateral structure of legal relations (the defendant has the right, and the court is obliged to ensure this right), the need to consider the application of a tripartite model of legal relations in the current criminal procedure law, in which the court»s duty will be presented differently.
Effectiveness Analysis of Acid Treatments in UGS Wells
Authors:   North Caucasus Federal University, Akopov A. S. , Kaverzin S. A. ,   North Caucasus Federal University, Beketov S. B. ,   North Caucasus Federal University, Kerimov A.-G. G. ,   North Caucasus Federal University, Yanukyan A. P. ,   Tyumen Industrial University
Published: June 2024

Introduction. In the world practice of using technologies for increasing of production one of the most widely used method for bottom-hole zone treatment for increasing or restoration of wells productivity is acid treatment of productive formation. Acid treatments of productive formation is the essential one in a group of methods for bottom-hole zone treatment directed on maintenance of project well production of gas fields and underground gas storages. Essential aim of acid treatment of gas fields and underground gas storages wells is restoration of reservoir properties in near wellbore zone of productive formation by destruction, transfer to the solution and removing to the bore hole wasting solid particles of natural and technogenic origin, as well as by improvement of filtration characteristics of bottom-hole zone of productive formation by means of expansion of existing and creating of new channels for fluid migration by all length of perforated interval. Materials and research methods. As the base reagents, used for acid treatment, could be declared hydrochloric (HCl) and hydrofluoric (HF) acids. In the article discussed questions of different factors influence to efficiency of acid treatment. Described mechanism of reaction of acid compound with rock of productive formation, essential principles for choosing of acid compound for terrigenous reservoir. Research results and their discussion. It is shown analysis of field data about results of acid treatments, done during of workover in wells of one of underground gas storage from 2014 to 2021, information about number of acid treatments, used acid compounds, technological and economic parameters, which allows to estimate efficiency for done activities. Conclusions. Basing on the results of analysis it is down conclusions about possible directions for increasing efficiency of terrigenous reservoir acid treatments in underground gas storage wells.
Territorial Structure оf Professional Football in the North Caucasus Federal District
Authors:   North Caucasus Federal University, Suprunchuk I. P.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The article examines the territorial structure of football on the territory of the North Caucasus Federal District. Spatial analysis of the functioning of professional football clubs has shown the presence of several periods of football development in the region. At the present stage, the territorial structure is narrowed, the professional level of football has been preserved only in the regional capitals and cities of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. Two types of intraregional territorial structure of football are distinguished. The monocentric type is characteristic of Chechnya, Ingushetia and Karachay-Cherkessia. During the transformation, the monocentric structure also became in Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia and Dagestan. Stavropol Krai is characterized by a polycentric territorial structure. Materials and research method. In the course of the study, a spatial analysis of the development of professional football clubs was carried out, methods of comparative geographical and historical geographical description and analysis were used. Research results and their discussion. Four stages in the development of the territorial structure of football in the NCFD have been identified. At the moment, there is a reduction in the number of professional football clubs and a contraction of their territorial network. This reduction occurred sequentially. The large number of clubs in the region in the early 1990s is explained by the transition from the Soviet football hierarchy and the rise of semi-professional clubs in the Russian football league system. In 1994, there was a sharp decline in the number of football clubs in the region. By the end of the 1990s, the football network was recovering and growing. A new decline occurred in the second half of the 2000s. After a short period of stability in 2014, the maximum compression of the network occurs. To date, the number of clubs has grown slightly. Conclusions. Professional football in the NCFD has gone through different periods in its development and has experienced a transformation – from a deep underdeveloped periphery in the Soviet period through expansion and development in the 2000s to compression and simplification in modern times. There are four periods in the change of the territorial structure of professional football in the region, each of which had its own characteristics and the main centers of the region. At the moment, the territorial structure of football is narrowed, it has been preserved only in the regional capitals and cities of the CMW, which was primarily due to economic reasons. Two types of intraregional territorial structure are distinguished – monocentric and polycentric. The main centers of the territorial structure of football in the region are regional capitals.
Spatial and temporal features of life expectancy of the population in the countries of Southwest Asia
Authors:   North Caucasus Federal University, Hossin I.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The study is devoted to a comparative analysis of the spatio-temporal features of life expectancy in Muslim countries of Southwest Asia in 1990–2020. Materials and research methods. Statistical data from the United Nations, the World Bank, the UNESCO Institute of Statistics and the World Health Organization were used as sources. Various research methods were used, including comparative geographical, graph-cartographic, and correlation analysis. The dependence of life expectancy on economic resources was revealed using the Preston curve. Research results and their discussion. The general and country trends of changes in life expectancy in the region are investigated. The peculiarities in the change in the difference between the life expectancy of men and women have been established. A typology of countries by life expectancy and the nature of its change is proposed. The main factors affecting life expectancy are identified, in the frequency of mortality, per capita spending on education and health care, the value of GDP (PPP $) per capit. Conclusions. Life expectancy in most Muslim countries of Southwest Asia is higher than the global average, significantly differing between them. There are three groups of countries – with high, above average, average and low life expectancy. Each group is characterized by different rates of change of the indicator. The average life expectancy of women is higher than that of men within the same limits as in most countries of the world. However, the instability of the geopolitical situation in the region leads in some cases to a significant increase in the gap due to the increase in male mortality. The value of life expectancy depends on a set of factors, but the most significant among them are mortality, per capita income, and the development of healthcare.
Morphotype Approach in the Study of Spatial Planning Organization in Urban Landscape (by the Example of the City of Stavropol)
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Bobrova I. E. , Lysenko A. V. ,   North-Caucasus Federal University
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The article discusses the features of spatial planning organization of urban landscape in Stavropol based on the selection and analysis of morphotypes of urban buildings, as spatial and territorial formations of the same type of functional, historical and planning structure, formed by choice, architectural and temporary objects, and undergoing constant change, taking into account the development of urban environment. The study gives general assessment of the importance of identifying morphotypes of the urban landscape and the possibility of morphotype consideration at different stages of the analysis of its territorial organization and structure. Materials and research methods. The work is based on the analysis of historical cartographic material, topographic plans and modern data of remote sensing of the Earth. The main methods for studying the urban landscape are historical, diachronic analysis, cartographic, aerospace, GIS technologies. Research results and their discussion. The historical prerequisites for the formation of morphotypes of the Stavropol urban landscape are revealed. A diachronic analysis of the landscape of the city of Stavropol was carried out in the period from 1777 to 2022, and on its basis, a map of the formation of the spatial planning organization of the urban landscape was developed. The main morphotypes of the development of the city of Stavropol are determined. The analysis of changes in the morphotype of the urban landscape was carried out by the example of a city quarter with determination of important quantitative indicators characterizing the intra-quarter morphology of the urban space. Conclusions. As a result of the morphotype analysis of urban landscape, it is possible to obtain data that allow carrying out a landscape-ecological assessment of the urban environment, assessing the current and future state of the spatial planning organization of the urban landscape, regulating urban development and forming the urban environment. It also provides an opportunity to determine the vector of city development in the spatial, socio-economic and landscapeecological respect.
Geoinformation Monitoring of Demographic Development of Krasnodar Urban Agglomeration
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Sopnev N. V.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. At the present stage of development in Russia, and in the context of the ongoing transformation of the settlement system in the country, the most important role is played by urban agglomerations, which concentrate significant demographic and economic potential. Krasnodar monocentric urban agglomeration has an advantageous geographical location and is situated in the focus of transport highways connecting the center of the Russian Federation with the ports of the Black and Azov Seas, resorts of the Black Sea coast and the Transcaucasia. It is a major node in the basic framework of population settlement and a significant point on the agglomeration map of Russia, which makes it important to study its demographic development and determine demographic potential. Materials and research methods. The information base of the study is the data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, the database of indicators of municipalities and other departments for the period from 1989 to 2021, by population, demographic and migration indicators, the territorial structure of the migration flow. The definition of agglomeration boundaries is based on the methodology of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the use of GIS technologies. The medium-term forecast of the population of the agglomeration is made on the basis of the finite-difference Malthus equation. Research results and their discussion. With the use of GIS technologies the study determined the composition, analyzed the structure and spatial development of the urban agglomeration. It has been revealed that it is one of the fastest growing in Russia. The natural population growth has maintained for a long time, and only last year it started declining. The main role in the formation of the population is played by migration of all types (international, interregional, intraregional). Demographically, at the intra-agglomeration level, the core and the nearest suburbs stand out clearly in the first place. The peripheral zone, which falls within the 1.5-hour zone of transport accessibility, has negative demographic trends. Conclusions. The conducted analysis made it possible to identify the demographic features of Krasnodar urban agglomeration. Demographically, there is a clear differentiation of the core, suburban and peripheral zones. The population is growing rapidly in the core of the agglomeration and the nearest suburb. In some suburban settlements, the growth rate is higher than in the core. According to the scale of the migration growth, the agglomeration is in the top three agglomerations of Russia, second only to the capital. The demographic prospects of the agglomeration are highly optimistic. In the future, the population growth will continue, but their volume will gradually decrease due to the increasing negative trends in the demographic situation in Russia.
Intra-аnnual Variability оf Surface Air Temperature аnd Its Modeling for the City of Stavropol
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Afanasyev I. S. , Zakinyan R. G. ,   North-Caucasus Federal University, Adzhieva A. A. ,   High-Мoutain Geophysical Institute, Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov
Published: June 2024

Introduction. It is known that the time course of temperature during the year is seasonal. However, the rates of temperature growth in transition periods are different. This complicates the prediction of such an important parameter, in particular for agriculture, as the air temperature of the surface layer of the atmosphere. Accordingly, the article analyzes the intra-annual variability of air temperature and compares it with a sinusoidal model of the annual temperature course. Materials and research methods. The time series of the air temperature of the surface layer of the atmosphere for the city of Stavropol are considered and the task is to compare the actual and theoretical values of annual amplitudes. In the elementary (sinusoidal) model, this theoretical value turns out to be directly proportional to the annual variance. The time series of temperature differences (inter-monthly changes), the so-called discrete derivatives, is also considered, and the comparison of the usual and discrete derivative of the sine function as an elementary model of the annual temperature course is carried out. A new value is introduced – the standard deviation of variability, which also characterizes the variance, yet not for a number of temperatures, but their differences. Research results and their discussion. It is noted that the theoretical (i.e., valid for the sinusoidal model) and the actual value of the amplitude of the annual temperature course are quite well matched. However, due to non-periodic deviations, the difference between these values can reach 2 °C, which is characterized by asymmetry on the intra-annual variability chart. In addition, the average annual temperature course is considered and its analysis is carried out using discrete derivatives. It is shown that the ratio of the annual temperature amplitude to the amplitude of the discrete derivative of this value is equal to the cyclic frequency of fluctuations of the annual temperature course. Conclusions. The results obtained confirm the possibility of using a sinusoidal model of the annual temperature course (although with some limitations related to the asymmetry and shift of intra-annual peak points). The analysis of the annual temperature course using discrete derivatives and its comparison with the sinusoidal model revealed the features of the average annual intra-annual variability of surface air temperature for the city of Stavropol for the period 1944 – 2022. Sometimes there is a change in the rate of heating or cooling; in rare cases, there is an inversion when considering the time series of average monthly temperatures).
Comparison оf Digital Relief Models
Authors:   North Caucasian Federal Scientific Agrarian Center, Antonov S. A. , Peregudov S. V. ,   North Caucasian Federal Scientific Agrarian Center
Published: June 2024

Introduction. GIS technologies make it possible to analyze large amounts of spatial data, which include digital elevation models derived from remote sensing data. They are an important source of data for calculating and mapping various phenomena and processes that are closely interrelated with the relief, and cover vast areas. The article presents the results of the accuracy assessment of the three most popular global digital elevation models: ALOS World 3D, SRTM, and ASTER. Materials and research methods. The evaluation of digital elevation models was carried out on the territory of Budennovsky urban district of Stavropol Krai. Error analysis of morphometric indicators was performed based on the comparison of the studied digital elevation models and the data of the State Research and Development Center of Geoformation Systems and Technologies – GosGisCenter, which were presented in the form of topographic maps. The analysis of the results of the study was carried out based on mathematical and statistical methods. The total sample of compared points equals 5322. Research results and their discussion. Based on the obtained dataset of each of the digital terrain models, a comparative analysis of the samples was carried out. As a result, it was determined that the ASTER model showed the lowest accuracy. SRTM project data showed insignificant deviations. The digital terrain model based on ALOS W3D data has the highest accuracy. Conclusions. Despite its popularity and at first glance similarity of the data, a number of features of each of the digital terrain models were identified. The data obtained will simplify the selection of a digital terrain model, taking into account the requirements needed to perform various tasks, as well as improve the accuracy of the results obtained.
Method for Calculating Parameters of Mechanical Properties of Rocks for Simulation of Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Kerimov A-G. G. , Kerimova E. G. ,   North-Caucasus Federal University, Gunkina T. A. ,   North-Caucasus Federal University, Kopchenkov V. G. ,   North-Caucasus Federal University
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The inability to accurately predict the hydraulic fracturing gradient (fracking) occasionally leads to catastrophic consequences, for example, to the disclosure of natural cracks in the object, which was not planned. It results in very expensive problems during the construction of the well. The hydraulic fracturing gradient is an extremely important parameter that needs to be taken into account when designing the well wiring. Materials and research methods. To simulate hydraulic fracturing, laboratory complexes are often used, where experimental studies of rock samples taken in the well are carried out. The article presents a scheme for determining the propagation velocity of longitudinal and transverse waves in laboratory conditions in order to calculate the Poisson’s ratio. Research results and their discussion. The system works by exciting an ultrasonic acoustic wave at the end of a cylindrical core sample, followed by recording the arrival times of waves at the end of the core end. Knowing the length of the core sample, the velocities of the longitudinal and transverse waves are calculated. The velocity is equal to the ratio of the length of the sample to the time of arrival of the wave at the opposite end of the sample. However, often core samples taken from the well in which it is planned to perform hydraulic fracturing are not always representative, often in practice there is a low percentage of core sampling. The article presents a method for calculating some initial parameters for modeling hydraulic fracturing, based on field and geophysical data. The calculation includes the application of a comprehensive analysis of the data of geophysical studies of wells by broadband acoustic logging and the results of numerical calculations of the physical and mechanical properties of rocks. Conclusions. The information obtained allows one to quickly and efficiently perform the necessary calculation of the strength properties of the walls of the well, perform hydraulic fracturing efficiently, determine the characteristics of the elastic medium practically on a real-time scale, as well as design other technological processes using the fundamental laws of underground hydrodynamics and analysis of the results of geological and field studies. It should be noted that in the absence of logging material by the broadband acoustic logging method, it is proposed to use the data of standard acoustic logging, the implementation of which is regulated in all wells during their construction, and through it to calculate the speed of the transverse wave run based on tabular values of the velocities of longitudinal and transverse waves in rocks.
Trade in the Kuban in the conditions of the NEP curtailment (1928–1929)
Authors:   Armavir State Pedagogical University, Stulov A. N.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The relevance of the problem considered in the article is connected with the great role of trade in the life of modern Russian society. The study of historical experience is determined by the needs of modern Russian society and the state to improve economic policy. The novelty of the research is connected with the study of the problem that has not received proper coverage in the historical literature. The purpose of the study is to analyze the trading activity in the Kuban in the late 1920s in the conditions of the collapse of the NEP and the strengthening of the administrative command system. Materials and methods. The research was conducted on the basis of the principles of objectivity, historicism and a systematic approach. Special historical methods such as historical-genetic, historical-comparative and statistical methods were used. Analysis. January 1928 became the boundary separating the period of the culmination of the NEP from its steady curtailment. This fully affected the sphere of trade, which played an important role in the socio-economic development of the country and its individual regions, to which the Kuban belonged. The beginning of this process was the grain procurement crisis, in overcoming which the party leadership began to apply administrative measures, forcing peasants and Cossacks to sell grain at low prices set by the state, while maintaining high prices for manufactured goods. At the same time, there was a displacement of private traders from the trade turnover, which led to an increase in the shortage of consumer goods. To mitigate this problem, the Soviet state began to introduce a centralized food distribution system, which contradicted the NEP principles of trade organization. Along with objective reasons, the development of state and cooperative trade was hindered by such shortcomings as organizational problems, poor training and abuse of trade workers. Results. According to the results of the conducted research, it can be concluded that trade activity in the Kuban in the late 1920s was carried out under the influence of the processes of curtailing the NEP and increasing administration in the economic policy pursued by the Bolshevik Party.
Charitable assistance to those affected during the First World War: examples of publicstate cooperation
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Pokotilova T. E.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. In the context of Russia’s frequent involvement in military conflicts, the authorities naturally needed any help, both within the ongoing hostilities and in overcoming their consequences, and therefore not only did not refuse public charitable assistance in this area, but also encouraged and cofinanced it in every possible way. Materials and methods. The approach chosen in this work is focused on the methodological thesis proposed by the famous researcher of the history of domestic charity G. N. Ulyanova about the need to consider the term “charity” rather conditional in relation to the activities of public organizations during the First World War due to the observed symbiosis of “authority and society in the sphere of providing assistance.” Which forced us to pay special attention to the structuralfunctional method of research in following the principles of historicism, a social approach to the study of history, objectivity and a comprehensive study of the problem. The sources involved in the analysis were documents from archival funds and previously unstudied regulatory and information-statistical materials on the problems and history of the activities of the state and society in the field of organizing and providing assistance to war victims. Analysis. The article examines the actions of the authorities, which complemented their efforts to help those affected by the war by attracting private assistance. With the outbreak of the war, members of the imperial family initiated and took part in the work of semi-state and semi-public charitable organizations. The state contribution was determined by financing, while the public contribution – by the voluntary participation of private individuals. The coordinating body was the Supreme Council for Charity of the Families of Persons Called up to the War, as well as the Families of Wounded and Fallen Soldiers, headed by Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. At the regional level, Committees were established to assist soldiers affected by the war. Results. The study concluded that the establishment of “private law” societies specializing in charitable assistance became the most common type of practice in the field of public charitable initiatives during the period under study. Organizing the rehabilitation of wounded soldiers in special shelters and returning them to work through training and introducing them to professions adequate to their capabilities, as well as organizing their employment, constituted a significant segment of public charitable assistance to war victims.
Family and childhood issues in the 1940s and 1960s, and their reflection on the pages of the periodical press of the Rostov region
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Ponomareva M. A. , Ruman A. S. ,   Southern Federal University
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of individual measures of the Soviet government within the framework of the social policy of the USSR aimed at improving the living conditions of families, their material well-being and increasing the birth rate of the population in the Rostov region. Materials and methods. Special attention is paid to the materials of the periodical press of the Rostov region of 1940-1970, on the pages of which the problems of raising children and youth were reflected, moral themes were highlighted, negative images of irresponsible parents were criticized. The regional newspapers made it possible to conduct a comparative historical analysis of trends and contradictions between the policy of the CPSU and the government carried out “from above” and its perception in society, especially among women. Analysis. The article emphasizes the importance of publications in newspapers and magazines devoted to the topic of “single mothers” and their children who have a dash in the column “father” in the metric certificate. It is noted that, despite the seriousness of the problem that needs to be solved, declared by the society, it remained without attention from the authorities. Results. It is concluded that the periodical press was aimed at the broad strata of the population and promoted family values, formed the image of the ideal Soviet family. In addition, it is emphasized that the tone and vector of publications set the direction for the steady formation of a positive image of a Soviet woman, mother, worker in the reader.
Khotons of the Kalmyk Khanate of the XVIII century
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Batmaev M. M.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The article analyzes a little–studied problem in historiography – khotons (nomadic settlements) the Kalmyk Khanate of the XVIII century, which at the same time were the smallest administrative units. Materials and methods. The study is based on an extensive set of archival materials, primarily clerical correspondence, which somehow deposited information about the khotons of the Kalmyk Khanate of the XVIII century, the number of people in them, the degree of kinship, etc. Historical-genetic, comparative-historical, functional and descriptive methods were used in the analysis of source and bibliographic material and in writing the text of the article. Analysis. The analysis showed that a significant part of khotons consisted of 10-15 kibits (families), which were connected with each other by kinship relations, including those who were at different levels of kinship relations. However, archival documents show that in the 18th century, in addition to ordinary khotons consisting of related families, nomadic settlements began to appear in the Kalmyk Khanate, consisting of families or individuals not related by kinship and even belonging to different sub-ethnic groups. Sometimes, for various reasons, several khotons could unite and form a separate group of several dozens of kibits, and in some cases, due to extraordinary circumstances, they could form groups even of several hundred kibits, though for a short period. In addition to the official authorities, khotons and other nomadic groups of khoton type had their own internal public self-government built on the life experience and authority of their managers. Results. Thus, it can be concluded that in the socially stratified Kalmyk society of the XVIII century tribal relations began to deform under the influence of the prevailing circumstances.
Agglomerations of The Stavropol Region: Comparison of Spatial and Demographic Dynamics
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Eshrokov V. M. , Cherkasov A. A. ,   North-Caucasus Federal University, Sopnev N. V. ,   North-Caucasus Federal University
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Two agglomeration-type settlement systems have formed in the Stavropol Krai, – the monocentric Stavropol agglomeration and the polycentric agglomeration of the Caucasian Mineral Waters (the CMW). At the present stage, demographic processes in the Stavropol Krai most intensively occur within the “borders” of the represented agglomerations; migration processes are observed leading to the population being drawn into the centers of agglomerations, which increases their role in the settlement system. The purpose of this study is to compare the spatial and demographic dynamics of agglomerations in the Stavropol Krai, highlighting common features in demographic processes and features characteristic of each agglomeration. Materials and research methods. The work uses data from the Office of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Stavropol Territory (from 2012 to 2021), population census materials (1989, 2002, 2010, 2021), documents from territorial planning and urban planning, our own observations and field results territory research. Based on these data, a general description of the Stavropol agglomeration and the CMW agglomeration is given, spatial organization of settlement is analyzed, and current trends in its demographic development are determined. Research results and their discussion. In the course of the study, the authors analyze the birth rate, mortality, natural population growth, migration processes, population dynamics, and the ethnic composition of the population of each agglomeration of the Stavropol Territory. The analysis was carried out at the level of cities, urban and municipal districts, which makes it possible to assess intra-agglomeration processes, whether they are uniform for the entire agglomeration or have spatial patterns. Conclusions. The analysis of demographic dynamics of two agglomerations of the Stavropol Krai allows the authors to draw conclusions. The Stavropol agglomeration and the agglomeration of the Caucasian Mineral Waters act as centers of concentration of the urban population in the Stavropol region and are the main areas of attraction for migrants. Agglomerations are characterized by increasing numbers and natural population growth. Migration population growth, which is currently declining, has contributed to an increase in population throughout the post-Soviet period. Currently, agglomerations have concentrated the significant demographic potential of the Stavropol region.
Level set simulation of focused ion beam sputtering of a multilayer substrate
Authors: Rumyantsev Alexander V , Borgardt Nikolai I , Volkov Roman L , Chaplygin Yuri A
Published: June 2024

The evolution of a multilayer sample surface during focused ion beam processing was simulated using the level set method and experimentally studied by milling a silicon dioxide layer covering a crystalline silicon substrate. The simulation took into account the redeposition of atoms simultaneously sputtered from both layers of the sample as well as the influence of backscattered ions on the milling process. Monte Carlo simulations were applied to produce tabulated data on the angular distributions of sputtered atoms and backscattered ions.

Two sets of test structures including narrow trenches and rectangular boxes with different aspect ratios were experimentally prepared, and their cross sections were visualized in scanning transmission electron microscopy images. The superimposition of the calculated structure profiles onto the images showed a satisfactory agreement between simulation and experimental results. In the case of boxes that were prepared with an asymmetric cross section, the simulation can accurately predict the depth and shape of the structures, but there is some inaccuracy in reproducing the form of the left sidewall of the structure with a large amount of the redeposited material.

To further validate the developed simulation approach and gain a better understanding of the sputtering process, the distribution of oxygen atoms in the redeposited layer derived from the numerical data was compared with the corresponding elemental map acquired by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis.
The developmental stage is a critical parameter for accurate assessment of the drug-induced liver injury (DILI) potentials of drugs with the zebrafish larval liver model
Authors: Cakan Akdogan Gulcin , Bilgi Cigdem
Published: June 2024

Prediction of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) potential of drugs is one of the most challenging issues of drug development. Zebrafish larvae provide an in vivo and robust test platform. Due to the ease of handling developing larvae between 2 - 5 days post fertilization (dpf) has been extensively used as a DILI test model. However, the liver is not fully functional at this stage. Here, the importance of larval liver maturation was tested by applying selected known DILI-rank drugs to liver reporter zebrafish between 2-5 dpf and 5-7 dpf. Acetaminophen (most-DILI) treatment caused a significant dose-dependent reduction in liver size only at the early stage. Isoniazid (most-DILI) administration after liver maturation induced hepatomegaly, while it induced liver size reduction between 2-5 dpf. Chlorambucil (less-DILI) treatment induced opposing effects on liver size, in the two stages tested. A non-DILI agent chloramphenicol did not induce any liver size change in either larval stage. Clinical observations were better reproduced when isoniazid and chlorambucil were administered after liver maturation. Our findings show that often-overlooked liver maturity status is a critical parameter for the evaluation of DILI.
Evolution of the Local Spiral Structure Revealed by OB-type Stars in Gaia DR3
Authors: Ge Q. A. , Li J. J. , Hao C. J. , Lin Z. H. , Hou L. G. , Liu D. J. , Li Y. J. , Bian S. B.
Published: June 2024

The structure and evolution of the spiral arms of the Milky Way have long been an important yet controversial issue. The wide age range of OB-type stars, coupled with the large amount of high-precision astrometric data provided by Gaia DR3, presents us with an opportunity to explore this issue. After constructing overdensity maps and examining the variations of overdensities with Galactocentric distance along the Galactic azimuth, we compare the spiral structures traced by B3–B5, B6–B7, B8, and B9 stars with those of young O–B2 stars in the vicinity of the Sun. We find that as the ages of the OB tracer stars increase, the Perseus Arm traced by them gradually shifts toward the anti-Galactic center direction, and the pitch angle of the Carina Arm gradually decreases. These results will help us to understand better the evolutionary properties of nearby spiral arms.
How Switchbacks Can Maintain a Longer Time in the Interplanetary Space
Authors: Yang Y. , Su W. , Chen P. F.
Published: June 2024

Parker Solar Probe, the closest spacecraft to the Sun, has renewed our understanding of the solar corona and the interplanetary space. One of its important findings is the prevalence of switchbacks, which display localized magnetic reversals along the otherwise Parker spirals. While some switchbacks might disappear quickly, others can maintain for a long period of time, and there are indications that many switchbacks strengthen from the solar corona to the interplanetary space despite their magnetic tension force, which tends to straighten the magnetic field lines. Therefore, how these switchbacks could be maintained for a long period of time remains a mystery. In this paper, we employed a 3D data-driven global full magnetohydrodynamics numerical model to explore the evolution of switchbacks formed in the dynamic corona. Our simulations indicate that two factors can affect the lifetime of a switchback. One factor is the combination of angle and leg length ensures that the switchback with greater curvature after reconnection can last longer, and the greater the angle, the more magnetic field lines that can be reconnected, and thus the longer the duration. We call this influencing factor flux tube shape factor. The other factor is the velocity shear, i.e., when the solar wind at the convex-outward turning of a switchback is faster than that at the concave-outward turning, the switchback becomes enhanced during propagation, and it weakens when the velocity difference is opposite.
Preliminary assessment of group composition and activity pattern of the critically endangered Bornean Banded Langur Presbytis chrysomelas chrysomelas in Tanjung Datu National Park
Authors: Nur-Aizatul Tukiman , Mohd-Ridwan Abd Rahman , Noor-Faezah Mohammad , Tingga Roberta Chaya Tawie , Bukhori Mohamad Fhaizal , Mohd-Azlan Jayasilan , Denel Azroie , Abdul-Latiff Muhammad Abu Bakar , Md-Zain Badrul Munir
Published: June 2024

The Bornean banded langur (Presbytis chrysomelas chrysomelas) is critically endangered species primarily found in Sarawak, Malaysia. Albeit this species is in peril, the ecology knowledge of this endemic species of Borneo is still scarce. Thus, a rapid survey employing total count and scan sampling method was conducted between July to August 2023 at Tanjung Datu National Park (TDNP), Sarawak to observe the social interaction of species with the environment. The behaviour of langur was recorded by employing scanning sampling method at 10 minutes intervals. This study sought to provide preliminary data on behavioural ecology of the Bornean banded langur within the national park. During the survey, three groups (consisting two to seven individuals) and a solitary male Bornean banded langur were recorded. The langurs were observed in both dipterocarp forests and coastal forests within the park. The daily activities of the Bornean banded langurs in TDNP were predominantly resting (31%), moving (29%), feeding (26%), vocalizing (14%), but not engaging in other social activities such as grooming, playing and mating. Knowing the behavioural ecological status as well as understanding ecology by identifying the activity pattern of langur is essential to government authorities and pertinent stakeholders to implement conservation strategies for the Bornean banded langur and their habitats.
A new class of hybrid contractions with higher-order iterative Kirk's method for reckoning fixed points
Authors: Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Hammad Hasanen A. , Elmursi Mohamed
Published: June 2024

The concept of contraction mappings plays a significant role in mathematics, particularly in the study of fixed points and the existence of solutions for various equations. In this study, we described two types of enriched contractions: enriched $ F $-contraction and enriched $ F^{\prime } $-contraction associated with $ u $-fold averaged mapping, which are involved with Kirk's iterative technique with order $ u $. The contractions extracted from this paper generalized and unified many previously common super contractions. Furthermore, $ u $-fold averaged mappings can be seen as a more general form of both averaged mappings and double averaged mappings. Moreover, we demonstrated that the $ u $-fold averaged mapping with enriched contractions has a unique fixed point. Our work examined the necessary conditions for the $ u $-fold averaged mapping and weak enriched contractions to have equal sets of fixed points. Additionally, we illustrated that an appropriate Kirk's iterative algorithm can effectively approximate a fixed point of a $ u $-fold averaged mapping as well as the two enriched contractions. Also, we delved into the well-posedness, limit shadowing property, and Ulam-Hyers stability of the $ u $-fold averaged mapping. Furthermore, we established necessary conditions that guaranteed the periodic point property for each of the illustrated strengthened contractions. To underscore the generality of our findings, we presented several examples that aligned with comparable results found in the existing literature.
Convention internationale des droits de l’enfant en France : la Défenseure des droits appelle à garantir l’indivisibilité des droits de l’enfant
Authors: Bonkowski Lou , De Oliveira Marinho Cassandre
Published: June 2024

Depuis décembre 2022, l’activité du pôle enfant du Défenseur des droits s’est principalement concentrée sur deux volets. L’examen périodique des Nations Unies sur l’application de la Convention internationale des droits de l’enfant (CIDE), tout d’abord, a permis à l’Institution de dresser un état des lieux de la situation française et de pointer ainsi les nombreux manquements de la France, notamment dans les domaines du handicap, de l’accès à l’éducation des enfants précaires et de la prise en charge des enfants migrants. Son rapport annuel de 2023 lui a ensuite donné l’occasion de souligner l’importance du droit des enfants aux loisirs, au sport et à la culture, dont l’effectivité suppose encore des efforts de la part des pouvoirs publics.
Le droit aux droits acquis. Droit social, droit subjectif et critique du néolibéralisme
Authors: Jouin Céline
Published: June 2024

Cet article examine le traitement que Catherine Colliot-Thélène réserve au droit social dans ses derniers écrits, en particulier dans Le commun de la liberté (2022). L’hypothèse qu’il formule est que le thème du droit social est un point d’inconfort pour la philosophe, pour la kantienne et pour la marxienne qu’elle est. C’est autour du droit subjectif – et non du droit social – que Colliot-Thélène refonde la démocratie, la citoyenneté, et finalement, depuis Le commun de la liberté, le droit social lui-même. Or, dans cette opération de refondation qui prend la forme d’une dé-statutorisation, que reste-t-il du droit social ?
Le commun sans la communauté : remarques sur la conception politique des droits de Catherine Colliot-Thélène
Authors: Djordjevic Élodie
Published: June 2024

En s’appuyant plus particulièrement sur Le commun de la liberté (2022), cet article interroge le concept de commun qu’élabore la pensée de Catherine Colliot-Thélène et vise à éprouver la conception de la politique qu’il dessine. Il s’agit d’abord de revenir sur les raisons, les enjeux et les contours de la « politique des droits » de Colliot-Thélène, avant, ensuite, d’en mettre en lumière les bénéfices, à partir, en particulier, de la conception des droits sociaux et des droits des migrants qu’elle implique. Après cette première partie qui s’attache à restituer le propos du Commun de la liberté en en suivant l’argumentation, un second temps s’efforce de dégager ce que cette « politique des droits » a à la fois de problématique et de fécond : si penser le commun politique sans l’autolégislation paraît périlleux, les risques d’hétéronomie que l’approche de Colliot-Thélène vise à conjurer appellent à s’interroger sur ce que peut être une domination – un gouvernement – démocratique.
Les Grecs de Heidegger
Authors: W. Most Glenn
Published: June 2024

Par le biais d’une approche idéal-typique, cet article fait apparaître, dans la manière apparemment idiosyncrasique dont Heidegger se réfère aux Grecs, une série de traits caractéristiques de la culture allemande.