bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the environmental state of tourist resources in the Ivano-Frankivsk Region
Authors: Smyk Iryna
Published: June 2024

In view of the rapid growth of the impact of tourism on the world economy, as well as the environmental problems that it can create, the assessment of the environmental state of the tourism sector is becoming particularly relevant. The purpose of the study was to analyse the ecological state of the Ivano-Frankivsk Region and its impact on the attractiveness of the region for tourists, as well as to develop proposals for the sustainable development of tourism, taking into account environmental aspects. In the framework of the study, various methods were used, in particular, statistical analysis of data on pollutant emissions. The impact of industry and other industries on the environmental condition was analysed and assessed using the analysis method. The dynamics of atmospheric emissions by years and their impact on the ecological state of the region were analysed, with a special emphasis on pollution by sulphur dioxide and other compounds. In addition to atmospheric emissions, the issue of the discharge of pollutants into water bodies and the impact on water quality, which is important for the development of tourism, was considered. It was established that emissions of pollutants significantly affect the quality of atmospheric air, which, in turn, determines the tourist potential of the region, especially in the context of the development of ecological tourism. The need to implement measures to reduce the level of pollution, develop sustainable tourism, and implement environmental standards in the tourism industry is emphasized. Ways to improve the ecology of the region have been established and appropriate proposals have been made, including reducing emissions of pollutants, as well as the use of innovative technologies and approaches in the field of environmental safety and ensuring the sustainable development of tourism in the Ivano-Frankivsk Region. The practical value of the research consists in identifying specific directions for improving the environmental policy of the region, which require practical implementation to improve the environmental condition of Ivano-Frankivsk Region, emphasizing the importance of an integrated approach in solving environmental challenges
FITNESS TRACKER : LONG TERM HEALTH OUTCOME
Authors: Chikhale Harshal
Published: June 2024

Abstract : The Fitness Tracker is the product of information and technology research and development aimed at analyzing health-related problems. On our fitness tracker page, we discuss how wearable technology can be a game changer for promoting physical activity and general well-being. We examine how fitness trackers help users monitor and improve their exercise routines using data from seminal studies on the subject (Jacobsen et al., 2016; Flores Mateo et al., 2015) [1][2]. Market analyses provide the basis for our material, which showcases technology advancements and industry trends (Market Research Future; Deloitte Insights) [3][4] as well as in-depth sensor technology textbooks (Sazonov & Neuman) [5]… We explore the role that incentives play in promoting sustained involvement in physical activity, informed by research such as the randomized controlled trial carried out by Finkelstein et al. (2016). [6]. Evidence-based guidelines supporting regular exercise as the cornerstone of a healthy lifestyle have been produced by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and the World Health Organization (WHO) [7][8] (CDC; Int. J. Sports Med.) [9][10]. These recommendations form the cornerstone of our methodology. Additionally, we investigate how wearable fitness technology influences habit modification and long-term health effects by integrating insights from behavioral science and digital health. Through the synthesis of these varied perspectives, our website offers comprehensive information and useful approaches for people looking to maximize their fitness goals and general well-being. Keywords : activity tracker, health metrics, fitness insights ,global fitness market ,innovation in wearables
Optimization Techniques for Efficient Car Pooling System in Urban Areas
Authors: Randive Mr. Yogesh Wasudeo
Published: June 2024

Abstract: Car pooling System is an automated system which reduces the misery of travelers and makes them find cars in short period of time. Car pooling is an application of finding car in which drivers who are traveling to work alone can ask for fellow passengers through our application. For those who use public-transport system to go to work daily can use this application to find drivers who are traveling to the same destination in a short path. It provides with a simple riding platform between the car owner and car user. This project enables users to access mobility assets own by others exactly when they need. I t shows a medium for available cars to pick up them on the interest of car owner with time and capacity. This project aims at creation of a Car-pooling System. This paper delves into the design and implementation of a novel carpooling project aimed at addressing the challenges of urban transportation sustainability. With burgeoning urban populations, congestion, and environmental concerns, the need for innovative solutions is paramount. Carpooling presents a viable avenue to alleviate these issues by fostering shared mobility, reducing traffic congestion, and cutting down carbon emissions. The project employs a multi-faceted approach, leveraging advancements in mobile technology, data analytics, and user incentives to optimize the carpooling experience. Key components include a user-friendly mobile application for seamless ride matching, dynamic routing algorithms to optimize trip efficiency, and incentive structures to encourage participation and retention. Through a combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative feedback, the efficacy of the carpooling project is evaluated. Metrics such as reduction in vehicle miles traveled, greenhouse gas emissions, and user satisfaction levels are assessed to gauge its impact on urban transportation sustainability. The findings of this research contribute to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable transportation solutions and provide insights for policymakers, urban planners, and transportation stakeholders seeking to promote carpooling initiatives. Ultimately, the project aims to foster a culture of shared mobility and pave the way for more efficient and sustainable urban transportation systems. IndexTerms – HTML, CSS, Javascript,Django, Bootsrap, MySQL, Python.
Design and Implementation of an Efficient Franchise Management System: Enhancing Operational Consistency and Growth
Authors: Gohane Mr. Yash
Published: June 2024

Abstract–The Franchisee Web Portal project aims to revolutionize the management and communication processes within franchise networks. Franchise businesses often face challenges in maintaining efficient communication channels and managing operations across multiple locations. This project addresses these challenges by developing a centralized web portal tailored specifically for franchisees.The portal offers a range of features designed to streamline operations and enhance communication among franchisees, franchisers, and other stakeholders.The portal provides a centralized platform for franchisees to communicate with each other and with the franchiser. This fosters collaboration, knowledge sharing, and problem-solving among franchisees, leading to improved operational efficiency and consistency across the network.Overall,the Franchisee Web Portal project represents a significant step forward in modernizing franchise operations and fostering collaboration and communication within franchise networks. By leveraging technology to create a centralized platform tailored to the needs of franchisees, the portal helps drive operational excellence and ensure the long-term success of franchise businesses.The portal features robust reporting and analysis capabilities, allowing franchisees to track key performance metrics, identify trends, and generate insights into their operations. This empowers franchisees to make informed decisions and optimize their businesses for maximum efficiency and profitability. Keywords – Operation Management, Inventory Management, Franchisee Network, Operational Excellence, Knowledge Sharing.
CED PORTAL WEBSITE
Authors: Wankhade Shraddha Rajesh
Published: June 2024

Abstract-. The Continuing Education Department (CED) is committed to advancing lifelong learning and professional development by providing a wide range of high-quality, accessible educational programs for adults and professionals. These offerings include professional development courses, certification programs, workshops, seminars, community education, and online learning, all designed to enhance skills, promote personal growth, and foster community engagement. Through these initiatives, the CED aims to improve employability, support career advancement, and contribute to community development, ensuring that individuals and communities are equipped to adapt to evolving industry trends and achieve their personal and professional goals. Index Term: HTML; CSS; JavaScript; Bootstrap; PHP; UI; Web Application.
R-linear convergence analysis of two golden ratio projection algorithms for strongly pseudo-monotone variational inequalities
Authors: CHU ZHAOYANG , ZHANG CUIJIE
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we combine the golden ratio method with the projection algorithm to obtain the golden ratio projection algorithm. In order to get better convergence speed, we also propose an alternating golden ratio projection algorithm. Unlike ordinary inertial extrapolation, golden ratio method is constructed based on a convex combined structure about the entire iterative trajectory. The advantages of the proposed algorithms require only one projection onto the feasible set and do not require knowledge of the Lipschitz constant for the operator since our algorithms use self-adaptive step-sizes. The R-linear convergence results of the two algorithms are established for strongly pseudo-monotone variational inequality. Finally, we present some numerical experiments to show the efficiency and advantages of the proposed algorithms.
PREVALENCE OF BREAST FEEDING IN THE WORKING WOMEN OF DISTRICT MARDAN
Authors: Shahana Nisar  , Muhammad Fazil  , Abdul Jamil  , Muhammad Khalid
Published: June 2024

Objectives: Finding out how often working women breastfeed was the main goal of my research. Second, the impactof employment on breastfeeding was noted. Third, it was assessed if working women were using bottles.Methodology: Cross-sectional research was done in this study from June 2015 to august 2015. The MardanMedical Complex’s outpatient clinics and wards served as the study’s working environment. The research took twomonths to complete. The participants gave their written agreement before the researchers filled out questionnaires basedon the information provided by the subjects. SPSS version 16 was used to input, analyse, and show the survey data astabular, bar, and pie charts. A thorough debate was conducted based on this evidence, and conclusions were reached.Results: 100% of our sample were exclusively breastfed for 6 months, and 75% of them were found to be nursing.The employment position of women has been identified as the primary cause of this early cessation.In the first week,only few females began bottle feeding.However, the prevalence of bottle feeding rose in the weeks that followed. Thepreference for bottle milk over breast milk was 23%. Again, the work was the cause, however some of them preferedbottle feeding since they were more familiar with it.Conclusion: Although breastfeeding was common among working women, it was not possible to breastfeed exclusivelyfor the recommended six months. Therefore, it is important to encourage working women to breastfeed at work or totake lactation breaks so that they can do so.Key words: breastfeeding practices, bottle feeding, breastfeeding prevalence.
POSITION OF APPENDIX AND ITS RELATED MORBIDITY
Authors: Usman Ali  , Ashab Noor  , Waqar Alam Jan  , Muhammad Islam  , Abdus Samad Khan  , Mumtaz Khan
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The most frequent surgical emergency is appendicitis. Traditional symptoms and indicators may varydepending on where the appendix is located.Objective: The goal of this research is to understand the numerous ways that appendicitis manifests, as well as theassociated morbidity and mortality.Material and methods: From January 2008 to March 2008, this research was carried out at the surgical ‘A’Unit at Lady Reading Hospital in Peshawar. The research was designed in a descriptive manner. After a thoroughhistory, investigation, and operation, patients who arrived at the emergency room were assessed. The location of theappendix was recorded along with other findings.100 patients were assessed after being hospitalized. There were 32% women and 68% men. The most frequent positionduring surgery was the retrocaceal position (78%) followed by pelvic position (16% of cases). Three individuals (allwith retrocaceal appendix) had perforated appendices.Conclusion: Patients who presented to emergency as having appendicitis most often had retrocaceal appendix (78%).Less symptoms/signs cause issues and a delay in diagnosis.Key words: appendicitis, retrocecal appendix, Position of appendix
EVALUATION OF CIPROFLOXACIN AND CEFTRIAXONE’S EFFICACY IN THE TREATMENT OF GONORRHOEA
Authors: Shams Ur Rahman  , Mohammad Iftikhar Adil  , Zia Muhammad  , Tariq Zubair  , Surrya Israr  , Mohammad Bilal
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION: A very infectious bacterial illness that may infect both men and women via sexual contact isgonorrhea, a serious public health hazard. It is among the most ancient sexually transmitted infections (STDs), andNeisseria is the cause. Rarely, gonorrhea may also result in pharyngeal, ocular, articular, and dermatological conditionsin addition to its predominant urogenital signs and symptoms. Gonorrhea has been treated with various antibiotics,including spectinomycin, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, macrolides, sulpha medicines, and fluoroquinolones. Some ofthese medications are no longer used to treat gonorrhea due to an increase in resistant infections.OBJECTIVE: This research compared the efficaciousness of Ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin in managing gonococcalinfections.STUDY DESIGN: A- Observational- StudyPlace And Duration of Study: The study was conducted in New Gulail Polyclinic, Saudi Arabia, from January2003 to March 2004.METHODS: With the institutional Ethical Committee’s consent, 200 patients received Ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin to treat gonorrhea. Enrolling the patients included the use of a purposeful sampling approach. Every patientwas divided into two groups of 100 individuals, each at random. Group B received a single intravenous dose of 500mg of Ceftriaxone Injection, whereas Group A received a 500 mg tablet of Ciprofloxacin. After five days, all of thepatients had follow-up examinations, and their lab and clinical test results were documented and evaluated.RESULTS: Patients in Group A (n=100) receiving ciprofloxacin demonstrated 80% full response, 9% partialresponse, and 11% showed no improvement on the fifth day after therapy. On the other hand, patients taking ceftriaxonein Group B (n=100) had 90% complete responses, 4% partial responses, and 6% no responses at all.To sum up, Ceftriaxone treated gonorrhea more well than ciprofloxacin. It is recommended that all patients get afollow-up examination to confirm the whole course of therapy for gonorrhea after taking a single antibiotic dosage.KEYWORDS: Neisseria gonorrhea, sexually transmitted infection (STI), Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)
MANAGEMENT OF ANTERIOR HYPOSPADIAS, OUR EXPERIENCE WITH SNODGRASS REPAIR TECHNIQUE MARDAN MEDICAL COMPLEX MARDAN TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Muhammad Hussain  , Mukhtiar Ali  , Adnan Badar
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE: To report on the short-term outcomes of anterior hypospadias tabularized incised plate urethroplasty,as reported by Snodgrass.MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 2014 to December 2016, patients with anterior hypopadiaswithout chordae were the subjects of this research, which took place at the Mardan Medical Complex surgical department in Mardan. The research had 56 patients ages 3 to 13 years, with a mean age of 5.1. Anterior distal shafthypospadias with a healthy urethral plate was an inclusion criterion, while chordae and a history of prior surgery wereexclusion criteria. A new urethra was created around a size 6 to 8 Fr stent after the full length of the urethral platewas cut along the midline. Subdartos fascia covered the newly formed urethra. In every instance, sufratullae were usedfor pressure dressing.RESULTS: During the investigation, there were three complications: six cases (10.7%) of urethrocutaneous fistuladevelopment, four cases (7.1%) of meatal stenosis, and two cases (3.5%) of glandular dehiscence. In our research, theoverall rate of problems was 21.42%.CONCLUSIONS: For anterior hypospadias, the Snodgrass treatment has outstanding functional and estheticoutcomes. Comparing this operation to others, the incidence of complications is modest.KEYWORDS: Distal Hypospadias, Snodgrass repair.
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILES OF PATIENTS ADMITTED IN PSYCHIATRIC WARD OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Ejaz Gul  , Muslim Muhammad Khan  , Mukhtiar Azeemi  , Pirzada Muhammad Muneeb
Published: June 2024

Objective: To determine the frequency of mental illnesses among patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital’spsychiatry unit.Study design: A Cross-sectional StudyDuration and place of study: The research was carried out between jan 2014– jan 2015Methods: Hospital records provided the admission charts for every patient admitted to the psychiatric ward for twoyears (2014–2015). Patient data was gathered from the records and then examined for clinical and sociodemographicinformation.Results: Over two years (2014–2015), 1727 patients were admitted to the hospital. 40% (n = 690) were men,and 60% (n = 1037) were women. The age group of 21 to 40 comprised most of the patients. According to ICDcategorization, the most common diagnoses were for mood disorders (63.8%), which were followed by anxiety disorders(7%) and acute and chronic psychosis (24.4%).Conclusion: Patients with acute mental problems that are difficult to treat make up the majority of the inpatientpattern.Keywords: Prevalence, Demographic characteristics, Psychiatric Disorders, Tertiary care hospital
FEATURES OF PATIENTS ADMITTED WITH HEART FAILURE AND HAVING DIURETIC RESISTANCE
Authors: Muhammad Faheem  , M Rehanul Haq  , Habil Dar  , Amber Ashraf  , Sadiq Shah  , Farooq Ahmad
Published: June 2024

Objective: The current study aimed to identify the features of diuretic resistance (DR) in patients with heart failurewho were hospitalized in a tertiary care hospital’s cardiology department.Materials & Methods: Between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2014, retrospective observational researchwas carried out in the Khyber Teaching Hospital cardiology department in Peshawar. There were 560 adult patientsdiagnosed with heart failure who were hospitalized within a year. Excluded patients were 152 who were released inless than 24 hours and 113 whose full data was not accessible. Thus, the research comprised the remaining patients(560-152-113= 295) whose records were examined. A cutoff point of 160 mg of furosemide per day was establishedfor patients I/V, who were classified as diuretic responders (using < 160 mg/day; group I) and diuretic resistant(using > 160 mg/day; group II).Results: There were 295 patients, of whom 175 (59.32%) were male and 120 (40.67%) were female. The patients’average age was 65+7 years. Group I consisted of 190 patients (64.4%) who responded to diuretics, whereas groupII consisted of 105 patients (35.9%) who were resistant to diuretics. In group I, there were 114 (60%) males and 76(40%) females; in group II, there were 61 (58%) males and 44 (41%) females. Clinical and laboratory parameters,comorbidities, and the kind of therapy each group got were compared. Compared to group I, patients with DR (groupII) had noticeably greater rates of CAD, diabetes, and asthma. DR patients (Group II) had lower heart rates andblood pressure systolic and diastolic than those in Group I. However, group I had a higher JVP and more noticeableedema in the foot. Compared to group I, patients with DR (group II) had higher rates of anemia, hypokalemic, andhyponatremic conditions. In addition, their creatinine, glucose, and cholesterol levels were higher than those of group I.Those with DR (Group II) used B Blockers, spironolactone, and inotropes at much greater rates than those in Group I.Conclusion: Patients with heart failure often struggle with diuretic resistance. Patients with DR have substantiallydistinct characteristics from those who react well to diuretics. When such patients are identified early on, doctors canadopt more aggressive treatment plans, which promotes quicker healing and shorter hospital stays.Keywords: Diuretic Resistance, heart failure
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE OF STUNTING AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN LAHORE
Authors: Saleem Ahmed  , Qazi Mumtaz Ahmad  , Tazeem Akhtar  , Noorulain Mehak  , Muhammad Usman  , Masood Nizam Tabassum
Published: June 2024

Objective: Our study aims to determine the prevalence of obesity and stunting in Pakistani children between the ages of03 to 12 years.Study design : A Cross-Sectional StudyDuration and place of study: Community Medicine Department University College of Medicine and Dentistry,UOL, Lahore from jan 2022 to jan 2023Method: The study included 65 children between the ages of 3 to 12 years. Age, sex, weight, and height were recordedfor each enrolled patient after obtaining the parents of any minors’ informed written permission. The demographicstatus of mothers was also noted. In relation to the weight of the patients that were included, the frequency of stuntingwas noted. The whole set of data was analyzed using SPSS 28.0.Results: In this research, out of 65 youngsters, 40 (60.4%) were male and 25 (39.6%) were female. The childreninvolved in the study had a mean age of 04.08±13.38 years and a mean weight of 16.15±11.49 kg. Childrenmeasured 104.05 +/- 1.18 cm on average.n-38 (56.4%) of the patients were underweight, n-43 (33.6%) werefat children, and 05 (06.2%) of the patients were very underweight. According to maternal status, the majority ofthem came from low-income families. There were 10 (12.2%) stunted children, of whom 04 (5.4%) were fat andthe remaining 07 (12%) were underweight. Of the ten children with stunting, five (54.6%) were female and four(37.3%) were male.Conclusion: This study highlights a exceptional occurrence of stunting amongst number one school youngsters inLahore, with a great proportion being underweight. Addressing maternal socioeconomic status and imposing focusedinterventions are crucial to mitigate the weight of stunting and promote healthful increase and development in thispopulation.Keywords: Stunting, Children, Lahore, Socioeconomic Status
EXPLORING THE NEXUS: METHAMPHETAMINE-INDUCED PSYCHOSIS, CO-MORBID MENTAL DISORDERS, AND ASSOCIATED RISKS AMONG DEPENDENT INDIVIDUALS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF PESHAWAR
Authors: Muhammad Arif  , Allah Noor  , Mohammad khalid Khan  , Muhammad Sajid
Published: June 2024

Objective: This study examined the risk of lifetime and present methamphetamine-induced psychosis in dependentindividuals. The relationship between methamphetamine-induced psychosis and mental co-morbidity was examined.Study design : A Cross-sectional studyDuration and place of study : tertiary care hospital of Peshawar from January 2022 to January 2023Methods: This Cross-sectional study done simultaneously at a Peshawar Tartary care hospital from January 2022to January 2023. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) was used to interview DSM-IV-diagnosed methamphetamine users for psychosis and other Axis I psychiatric disorders. Social demographics and druguse history were acquired via interviews or medical records.Results: There was a history of psychotic symptoms in 65 (45.4% of the total) participants, and 23 (15.6% ofthe total) patients at the present time. After adjusting for other covariates, there was a substantial association betweenheavy methamphetamine use, childhood methamphetamine-induced psychosis, and co-morbid major depressive disorder(n-24, 16.2%), bipolar disorder (n-6, 5.8%), and antisocial personality disorder (n-14, 10.8%). The only variableslinked to present psychosis were major depressive illness (n-6, 5.8% of the population) and antisocial personalitydisorder (n-4, 4.2% of the population).Conclusion: this study sheds light on the interplay between methamphetamine use, psychosis, and co-morbid mentaldisorders. Early detection and integrated treatment approaches are vital for mitigating the adverse effects of substanceabuse and improving mental health outcomes in affected individuals.Keywords: Methamphetamine, Psychosis, Co-morbidity, Dependent individuals, Mental disorders
Hemodynamics regulate spatiotemporal artery muscularization in the developing circle of Willis
Authors: Cheng Siyuan , Xia Ivan Fan , Wanner Renate , Abello Javier , Stratman Amber N. , Nicoli Stefania
Published: June 2024

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) envelop vertebrate brain arteries, playing a crucial role in regulating cerebral blood flow and neurovascular coupling. The dedifferentiation of VSMCs is implicated in cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegeneration. Despite its importance, the process of VSMC differentiation on brain arteries during development remains inadequately characterized. Understanding this process could aid in reprogramming and regenerating differentiated VSMCs in cerebrovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated VSMC differentiation on the zebrafish circle of Willis (CoW), comprising major arteries that supply blood to the vertebrate brain. We observed that the arterial expression of CoW endothelial cells (ECs) occurs after their migration from the cranial venous plexus to form CoW arteries. Subsequently, acta2+ VSMCs differentiate from pdgfrb+ mural cell progenitors upon recruitment to CoW arteries. The progression of VSMC differentiation exhibits a spatiotemporal pattern, advancing from anterior to posterior CoW arteries. Analysis of blood flow suggests that earlier VSMC differentiation in anterior CoW arteries correlates with higher red blood cell velocity wall shear stress. Furthermore, pulsatile blood flow is required for differentiation of human brain pdgfrb+ mural cells into VSMCs as well as VSMC differentiation on zebrafish CoW arteries. Consistently, the flow-responsive transcription factor klf2a is activated in ECs of CoW arteries prior to VSMC differentiation, and
klf2a
knockdown delays VSMC differentiation on anterior CoW arteries. In summary, our findings highlight the role of blood flow activation of endothelial klf2a as a mechanism regulating the initial VSMC differentiation on vertebrate brain arteries.
Identification of type 2 diabetes- and obesity-associated human β-cells using deep transfer learning
Authors: Roy Gitanjali , Syed Rameesha , Lazaro Olivia , Robertson Sylvia , McCabe Sean D. , Rodriguez Daniela , Mawla Alex M. , Johnson Travis S. , Kalwat Michael A.
Published: June 2024

Diabetes affects >10% of adults worldwide and is caused by impaired production or response to insulin, resulting in chronic hyperglycemia. Pancreatic islet β-cells are the sole source of endogenous insulin and our understanding of β-cell dysfunction and death in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is incomplete. Single-cell RNA-seq data supports heterogeneity as an important factor in β-cell function and survival. However, it is difficult to identify which β-cell phenotypes are critical for T2D etiology and progression. Our goal was to prioritize specific disease-related β-cell subpopulations to better understand T2D pathogenesis and identify relevant genes for targeted therapeutics. To address this, we applied a deep transfer learning tool, DEGAS, which maps disease associations onto single-cell RNA-seq data from bulk expression data. Independent runs of DEGAS using T2D or obesity status identified distinct β-cell subpopulations. A singular cluster of T2D-associated β-cells was identified; however, β-cells with high obese-DEGAS scores contained two subpopulations derived largely from either non-diabetic or T2D donors. The obesity-associated non-diabetic cells were enriched for translation and unfolded protein response genes compared to T2D cells. We selected DLK1 for validation by immunostaining in human pancreas sections from healthy and T2D donors. DLK1 was heterogeneously expressed among β-cells and appeared depleted from T2D islets. In conclusion, DEGAS has the potential to advance our holistic understanding of the β-cell transcriptomic phenotypes, including features that distinguish β-cells in obese non-diabetic or lean T2D states. Future work will expand this approach to additional human islet omics datasets to reveal the complex multicellular interactions driving T2D.
Dimeric R25CPTH(1–34) Activates the Parathyroid Hormone-1 Receptor in vitro and Stimulates Bone Formation in Osteoporotic Female Mice
Authors: Noh Minsoo , Che Xiangguo , Jin Xian , Lee Dong-Kyo , Kim Hyun-Ju , Park Doo Ri , Lee Soo Young , Lee Hunsang , Gardella Thomas , Choi Je-Yong , Lee Sihoon
Published: June 2024

Osteoporosis, characterized by reduced bone density and strength, increases fracture risk, pain, and limits mobility. Established therapies of Parathyroid hormone (PTH) analogs effectively promote bone formation and reduce fractures in severe osteoporosis, their use is limited by potential adverse effects. In the pursuit of safer osteoporosis treatments, we investigated
R25C
PTH, a PTH variant wherein the native arginine at position 25 is substituted by cysteine. These studies were prompted by our finding of high bone mineral density in a hypoparathyroidism patient with the R25C homozygous mutation, we explored its effects on PTH type-1 receptor (PTH1R) signaling in cells and bone metabolism in mice. Our findings indicate that
R25C
PTH(1–84) forms dimers both intracellularly and extracellularly, and the synthetic dimeric peptide,
R25C
PTH(1–34), exhibiting altered activity in PTH1R-mediated cAMP response. Upon a single injection in mice, dimeric
R25C
PTH(1–34) induced acute calcemic and phosphaturic responses comparable to PTH(1–34). Furthermore, repeated daily injections increased calvarial bone thickness in intact mice and improved trabecular and cortical bone parameters in ovariectomized (OVX) mice, akin to PTH(1–34). The overall results reveal a surprising capacity of a dimeric PTH peptide ligand to activate the PTH1R
in vitro
and
in vivo
, suggesting a potential new path of therapeutic PTH analog development.
Cryo-electron tomographic investigation of native hippocampal glutamatergic synapses
Authors: Matsui Aya , Spangler Cathy J. , Elferich Johannes , Shiozaki Momoko , Jean Nikki , Zhao Xiaowei , Qin Maozhen , Zhong Haining , Yu Zhiheng , Gouaux Eric
Published: June 2024

Chemical synapses are the major sites of communication between neurons in the nervous system and mediate either excitatory or inhibitory signaling [1]. At excitatory synapses, glutamate is the primary neurotransmitter and upon release from presynaptic vesicles, is detected by postsynaptic glutamate receptors, which include ionotropic AMPA and NMDA receptors [2, 3]. Here we have developed methods to identify glutamatergic synapses in brain tissue slices, label AMPA receptors with small gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and prepare lamella for cryo-electron tomography studies. The targeted imaging of glutamatergic synapses in the lamella is facilitated by fluorescent pre- and postsynaptic signatures, and the subsequent tomograms allow for identification of key features of chemical synapses, including synaptic vesicles, the synaptic cleft and AuNP-labeled AMPA receptors. These methods pave the way for imaging natively derived brain regions at high resolution, using unstained, unfixed samples preserved under near-native conditions.
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Parenting Stress Index (PSI), 2. utgave
Authors: Wessel Pål , Kyrrestad Henriette
Published: June 2024

Beskrivelse: Parenting Stress Index (PSI) er et kartleggingsverktøy for å måle foreldrestress i foreldre-barn-relasjonen, og er tilgjengelig både i fullversjon og kortversjon. Måleinstrumentet ble utviklet av Richard R. Abidin i 1995, og oversatt til norsk av John A. Rønning i 2006. PSI-fullversjon består av et barnedomene på seks delskalaer og et foreldredomene på syv delskalaer som til sammen danner en total stresskåre. I tillegg inneholder måleinstrumentet en skala for livsstress. PSI-kortversjon består av tre delskalaer som til sammen danner en total stresskåre. Spørreskjemaet besvares av foreldre med barn i alder fra en måned til 12 år. PSI er beregnet til både forskning og kliniske formål. For å kunne benyttes krever begge versjonene lisens og godkjenning fra rettighetshaver PAR, Inc.
Litteratursøk: Det ble gjennomført systematisk litteratursøk etter skandinaviske publikasjoner som rapporterte måleegenskaper ved PSI. Av 444 treff, ble 26 norske publikasjoner inkludert hvorav fire benyttet PSI-kortversjon og 22 PSI-fullversjon. Ingen svenske eller danske publikasjoner oppfylte inklusjonskriteriene.
Psykometri: Det ble funnet tilfredsstillende til utmerket indre konsistens for alle skalaer. De fleste studiene rapporterte middelverdier og standardavvik for ulike undergrupper. Resultater fra faktoranalyser viser at PSI-fullversjon indikerer god begrepsvaliditet. Korrelasjon med andre måleinstrumenter varierte fra utilstrekkelig til god for PSI-fullversjon. Endringssensitivitet indikerer at PSI-fullversjon kan være følsom for endringer over tid. Det ble ikke identifisert skandinaviske normer for hverken PSI-fullversjon eller PSI-kortversjon.
Konklusjon: Den norske versjonen av PSI viser god indre konsistens og begrepsvaliditet. PSI-fullversjon er benyttet mer i de siste årene sammenlignet med PSI-kortversjon. De psykometriske egenskapene til PSI er hovedsakelig dokumentert gjennom studier med foreldre til sped- og småbarn. Det er derfor et behov for å dokumentere måleegenskaper ved PSI blant foreldre med barn i alderen 9 år til 12 år. I tillegg er det behov for å utvikle skandinaviske normer.
A scheme of hiding large-size image into small-size image based on FCdDNet
Authors: Liu Lianshan , Tang Li , Tong Shanshan , Huang Yu
Published: June 2024

The hiding capacity of the current information hiding field has reached a relatively high level, which can hide two color images into one color image. In order to explore a larger hidden capacity, an information hiding scheme based on an improved FCdDNet is proposed, which can hide large-size color images into small-size color images. An improved FCdDNet network is used as the main structure shared by the hidden network and the extraction network. These two networks promote and improve each other during the confrontation training process and are used in pairs. It can be seen that the proposed scheme achieves a larger information hiding capacity, and the hidden information is four times larger than the scale of the carrier image. At the same time, the visual effect after hiding is guaranteed, and the image extracted from the hidden image also has a high degree of restoration. The scheme can be applied to image authentication, secret image transmission, and other fields.
Data-driven sales optimization with regression and chaotic pattern search
Authors: Gaddam Sandhya Rani , Jayan Sarada , Ravi Pentakota , Alatas Bilal
Published: June 2024

Lead generation is the process of gaining potential customers’ interest to increase future sales, and it is an essential part of many businesses’ (amusement parks, theme parks, clubs, etc.) sales processes as their membership is more expensive. The main objective of these businesses is to increase the count of customers. By generating sales leads, a club/park can find leads who have already expressed interest in its products and services and access their audience potential, allowing them to focus on future marketing and sales efforts on those leads that are more likely to convert. The current work focuses on how to convert a lead to a customer in optimum number of days. We collect two kinds of data: customer data and lead generation data. The customer data consists of all the leads who have taken the membership, and the lead generation data consists of all current leads. The details of those converted from a lead into a customer in the last 60 days are filtered out from the customer data. Using this data, patterns are generated, which are used to predict the following activity (step) for qualified leads, along with the optimal number of days required to complete that activity. This optimal number of days is found using the Hybrid Chaotic Pattern Search Algorithm (HCPSA). This novel approach here helps in boosting sales by prioritizing leads who have expressed interest and identifying the optimal window for converting them into paying customers. This strategy holds significant potential to benefit businesses across various industries.
Recovery of deep-sea meiofauna community in Kaikōura Canyon following an earthquake-triggered turbidity flow
Authors: Bigham Katharine T. , Leduc Daniel , Rowden Ashley A. , Bowden David A. , Nodder Scott D. , Orpin Alan R.
Published: June 2024

Turbidity flows can transport massive amounts of sediment across large distances with dramatic, long-lasting impacts on deep-sea benthic communities. The 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura Earthquake triggered a canyon-flushing event in Kaikōura Canyon, New Zealand, which included significant submarine mass wasting, debris, and turbidity flows. This event provided an excellent opportunity to investigate the effects of large-scale natural disturbance on benthic ecosystems. Benthic meiofauna community structure before and after the event was analysed from a time series of sediment cores collected 10 years and 6 years before, and 10 weeks, 10 months, and 4 years after the disturbance. Immediately after the 2016 event abundances of all meiofauna dramatically decreased. Four years later the meiofauna community had recovered and was no longer distinguishable from the pre-event community. However, the nematode component of the community was similar, but not fully comparable to the pre-event community by 4 years after the disturbance. Community recovery was systematically correlated to changes in the physical characteristics of the habitat caused by the disturbance, using physical and biochemical variables derived from sediment cores, namely: sediment texture, organic matter, and pigment content. While these environmental variables explained relatively little of the overall variability in meiofauna community structure, particle size, food availability and quality were significant components. The minimum threshold time for the meiofauna community to fully recover was estimated to be between 3.9 and 4.7 years, although the predicted recovery time for the nematode community was longer, between 4.6 and 5 years. We consider the management implications of this study in comparison to the few studies of large-scale disturbances in the deep sea, in terms of their relevance to the efficacy of the marine reserve that encompasses Kaikōura Canyon, along with potential implications for our understanding of the impacts of anthropogenic seafloor disturbances, such as seabed mining.
Not so cryptic–differences between mating calls of Hyla arborea and Hyla orientalis from Bulgaria
Authors: Lukanov Simeon
Published: June 2024

Anurans are among the most vocally active vertebrate animals and emit calls with different functions. In order to attract a mate, during the breeding season male frogs produce mating calls which have species-specific structure and parameters, and have been successfully used to resolve issues in taxonomy and phylogenetic relations. This is particularly useful when closely related taxa are concerned, as many species are morphologically almost identical, but still their status is well-supported by molecular and genetic data, suggesting the existence of mechanisms for reproductive isolation. Such is the case for treefrogs from the Hyla arborea group, which are now recognized as several distinct species. The present study aims to establish differences in call parameters between the European tree frog, Hyla arborea, and the Eastern tree frog, Hyla orientalis, which both occur on the territory of Bulgaria. Using autonomous audio loggers, calls from six sites (three in the range of H. arborea and three in the range of H. orientalis) were recorded between 7 p.m. and 12 a.m. during the breeding season in 2020–2023. The following parameters in a total of 390 mating calls were analyzed: call count, pulse count, call series duration, call period, peak (dominant) frequency, entropy. Results indicated that sites formed two distinct groups, which corresponded to the known distribution ranges of H. arborea and H. orientalis. The first two components of the PCA explained 71% of the total variance, with variables call count, call series duration, peak frequency and entropy being most important for differentiation between the sites. This study presents the first attempt to differentiate between the calls of these two sister taxa, which both fall within the “short-call treefrogs” group, and results are discussed in terms of known data for mating calls in Hyla sp., as well as limitations and future perspectives.
Isolation and characterization of native antagonistic rhizobacteria against Fusarium wilt of chilli to promote plant growth
Authors: Shiva Bhanothu , Srinivas Petikam , Khulbe Deepa , Rithesh Lellapalli , Kishore Varma Penumatsa , Tiwari Rahul Kumar , Lal Milan Kumar , Kumar Ravinder
Published: June 2024

In the eastern coastal regions of Odisha, wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.capsici is an extremely damaging disease in chilli. This disease is very difficult to manage with chemical fungicides since it is soil-borne in nature. The natural rhizosphere soil of the chilli plant was used to isolate and test bacterial antagonists for their effectiveness and ability to promote plant growth. Out of the fifty-five isolates isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy chilli plants, five isolates, namely Iso 01, Iso 17, Iso 23, Iso 24, and Iso 32, showed their highly antagonistic activity against F. oxysporum f. sp. capsici under in vitro. In a dual culture, Iso 32 (73.3%) and Iso 24 (71.5%) caused the highest level of pathogen inhibition. In greenhouse trials, artificially inoculated chilli plants treated with Iso 32 (8.8%) and Iso 24 (10.2%) had decreased percent disease incidence (PDI), with percent disease reduction over control of 85.6% and 83.3%, respectively. Iso 32 and Iso 24 treated chilli seeds have shown higher seed vigor index of 973.7 and 948.8, respectively, as compared to untreated control 636.5. Furthermore, both the isolates significantly increased plant height as well as the fresh and dry weight of chilli plants under the rolled paper towel method. Morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization identified Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (MH491049) as the key antagonist. This study demonstrates that rhizobacteria, specifically Iso 32 and Iso 24, can effectively protect chilli plants against Fusarium wilt while promoting overall plant development. These findings hold promise for sustainable and eco-friendly management of Fusarium wilt in chilli cultivation.
Shoulder muscle weakness and proprioceptive impairments in type 2 diabetes mellitus: exploring correlations for improved clinical management
Authors: Reddy Ravi Shankar , Alshahrani Mastour Saeed , ALMohiza Mohammad A. , Alkhamis Batool Abdulelah , Tedla Jaya Shanker , Kakaraparthi Venkata Nagaraj , Koura Ghada Mohamed , Mukherjee Debjani , Alnakhli Hani Hassan , Ghulam Hussain Saleh H. , Alqhtani Raee S.
Published: June 2024

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder with systemic implications, potentially affecting musculoskeletal health. This study aimed to assess shoulder muscle strength and joint repositioning accuracy in individuals with T2DM, exploring potential correlations and shedding light on the musculoskeletal consequences of the condition. The objectives were two-fold: (1) to assess and compare shoulder strength and joint repositioning accuracy between individuals with T2DM and asymptomatic counterparts, and (2) to examine the correlation between shoulder strength and joint repositioning accuracy in individuals with T2DM.

Methods

A cross-sectional study enrolled 172 participants using the convenience sampling method, including 86 individuals with T2DM and an age-matched asymptomatic group (n = 86). Shoulder strength was assessed using a handheld dynamometer, while joint repositioning accuracy was evaluated with an electronic digital inclinometer.

Results

Individuals with T2DM exhibited reduced shoulder muscle strength compared to asymptomatic individuals (p < 0.001). Additionally, joint repositioning accuracy was significantly lower in the T2DM group (p < 0.001). Negative correlations were observed between shoulder strength and joint repositioning accuracy in various directions (ranging from −0.29 to −0.46, p < 0.001), indicating that higher muscle strength was associated with improved joint repositioning accuracy in individuals with T2DM.

Conclusion

This study highlights the significant impact of T2DM on shoulder muscle strength and joint repositioning accuracy. Reduced strength and impaired accuracy are evident in individuals with T2DM, emphasizing the importance of addressing musculoskeletal aspects in diabetes management. The negative correlations suggest that enhancing shoulder muscle strength may lead to improved joint repositioning accuracy, potentially contributing to enhanced physical functioning in this population.
Effectiveness of Constraint-induced Movement Therapy on Hand Function in Cerebral Palsy Children: A Narrative Review
Authors: Dihidar Niharika , Sarma BC , Baidya Shalaka
Published: June 2024

A neurodevelopmental disease known as Cerebral Palsy (CP) first manifests in infancy and affects a variety of developing abilities, including motor control, coordination, tactile perception, cognition, and attention. The most prevalent type, accounting for 60%-70% of cases, is spastic CP. Ataxic CP accounts for 10%-15%, athetoid CP for 10%-15%, and mixed CP for 10%. Children diagnosed with hemiplegia exhibit firmness and muscle weakness due to unilateral involvement of both upper and lower limbs on the opposite side of the brain lesion. These variables may manifest upper limb motor deficits, such as restricted grasp, reach, and manipulation. These disabilities result in functional restrictions during daily activities and may cause the affected extremity to be underutilised. Hand impairment in hemiplegic CP occurs from damage to the motor cortex and corticospinal pathways, which are in charge of fine motor control of the fingers and hand. In terms of enhancing fine motor abilities and improving functional results, it has been demonstrated that Constraint-induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) is useful for individuals with CP. CIMT involves teaching a child to use their affected hand by using a constraint on the unaffected hand and repetitive extensive implementation of movements with the affected hand. The aim of the present review was to find out how CIMT affected the hand functionality in children with CP