bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-objective optimization design of anti-rolling torsion bar based on modified NSGA-III algorithm
Authors: Li Yong-Hua , Sheng Ziqiang , Zhi Pengpeng , Li Dongming
Published: July 2019

Purpose

How to get a lighter and stronger anti-rolling torsion bar has become a barrier for the development of high-speed railway vehicles. The purpose of this paper is to realize the multi-objective optimization of an anti-rolling torsion bar with a Modified Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (MNSGA-III), which aims to obtain a better design scheme of an anti-rolling torsion bar device.

Design/methodology/approach

First, the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (NSGA-III) uses a simulated binary crossover (SBX) operator and a polynomial mutation operator, while the MNSGA-III algorithm proposed in this paper introduces an arithmetic crossover and an adaptive mutation operator to change the crossover and mutate operator in NSGA-III. Second, two algorithms are tested by ZDT3, ZDT4 functions. Both algorithms set the same population size and evolutionary generation, and then compare the results of NSGA-III and MNSGA-III. Finally, MNSGA-III is applied to the multi-objective model of an anti-rolling torsion bar which is established by taking the mass and stiffness of the torsion bar as the optimization object. After that, it obtains the Pareto solution set by solving the multi-objective model with MNSGA-III. The only optimal solution selected from the Pareto solution set is compared with the traditional design scheme of an anti-rolling torsion bar.

Findings

The MNSGA-III converges faster than NSGA-III. Besides, MNSGA-III has better diversity of Pareto solutions than NSGA-III and is closer to the ideal Pareto frontier. Comparing with the results before the optimization, it shows that the volume of the anti-rolling torsion bar reduces by 1.6 percent and the stiffness increases by 3.3 percent. The optimized data verifies the effectiveness of this method proposed in this paper.

Originality/value

The simulated binary crossover operator and polynomial mutation operator of NSGA-III are changed into an arithmetic crossover operator and an adaptive mutation operator, respectively, which improves the optimization performance of the algorithm.
Neural network models for actual duration of Greek highway projects
Authors: Titirla Magdalini , Aretoulis Georgios
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to examine selected similar Greek highway projects to create artificial neural network-based models to predict their actual construction duration based on data available at the bidding stage.

Design/methodology/approach

Relevant literature review is presented that highlights similar research approaches. Thirty-seven highway projects, constructed in Greece, with similar type of available data, were examined. Considering each project’s characteristics and the actual construction duration, correlation analysis is implemented, with the aid of SPSS. Correlation analysis identified the most significant project variables toward predicting actual duration. Furthermore, the WEKA application, through its attribute selection function, highlighted the most important subset of variables. The selected variables through correlation analysis and/or WEKA and appropriate combinations of these are used as input neurons for a neural network. Fast Artificial Neural Network (FANN) Tool is used to construct neural network models in an effort to predict projects’ actual duration.

Findings

Variables that significantly correlate with actual time at completion include initial cost, initial duration, length, lanes, technical projects, bridges, tunnels, geotechnical projects, embankment, landfill, land requirement (expropriation) and tender offer. Neural networks’ models succeeded in predicting actual completion time with significant accuracy. The optimum neural network model produced a mean squared error with a value of 6.96E-06 and was based on initial cost, initial duration, length, lanes, technical projects, tender offer, embankment, existence of bridges, geotechnical projects and landfills.

Research limitations/implications

The sample size is limited to 37 projects. These are extensive highway projects with similar work packages, constructed in Greece.

Practical implications

The proposed models could early in the planning stage predict the actual project duration.

Originality/value

The originality of the current study focuses both on the methodology applied (combination of Correlation Analysis, WEKA, FannTool) and on the resulting models and their potential application for future projects.
Design and fabrication of a safety frame for workers carrying out head lifting at construction sites
Authors: Katoch Varun , Mohan Sanjay
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify the musculoskeletal problems faced by the workers carrying out head lifting at the construction sites and to present a solution for the identified problems.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology of the paper is framed in two phases. First, the identification of the problems faced by workers through interviews/questionnaire and second, designing and fabricating a mechanical system to safe guard workers against musculoskeletal disorders.

Findings

Based upon the interviews and questionnaires, it was ascertained that majority of the workers were subjected to neck pain and low back pain. This was mainly attributed to the lifting of heavy loads on head, sudden and jerky movements and bad postures.

Research limitations/implications

The developed frame has been appreciated by the Physiotherapists also; however, it still has certain limitations which can be taken as a future scope for the further modification of the frame. The limitations are as follows: the weight of the frame is a limitation, as the worker has to bear this load in addition to the load which is to be lifted. However, this can be dealt with by replacing the material of the frame with lightweight materials such as aluminium alloys, carbon fibres, etc. The continuous wearing of the frame may result in discomfort, as the worker cannot freely roam around. Sweating and etching due to wearing of belt. Worker cannot place the load him/herself on the frame. Stability issues in lifting liquids overhead.

Practical implications

Findings revealed the bleak possibility of replacing head loading. However, there is an urgent need of developing a cost-effective system which could help workers while carrying out head lifting of loads.

Originality/value

This work presents an ergonomically designed mechanical frame which will help workers in carrying out head loading without effecting their skull, spine, etc. The system was tested on workers and the results were alarming and the working capacity of the workers was observed to increase with the fabricated frame.
Analysis of the outcome features of effective monitoring and evaluation in construction project delivery
Authors: Tengan Callistus , Aigbavboa Clinton Ohis , Guribie Francis , Annor-Asubonteng Joseph
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the outcome features of effective monitoring and evaluation in construction projects delivery.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a quantitative research approach. Questionnaire survey was administered to 230 participants who were drawn from metropolitan, municipal, district assemblies and regional coordinating councils in Ghana. Data collected were analyzed to determine the key and underlying monitoring and evaluation outcome features in project delivery. A Cronbach’s α value of 0.953 was achieved based on standardized items, while the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of sampling adequacy recorded was 0.876. The result of Bartlett’s test of sphericity also revealed a significance level of 0.000 (p < 0.05).

Findings

The study discovered that value for money, successful project closure, end-user satisfaction, timely completion of projects and fitness for purpose were the top five monitoring and evaluation outcome features. Similarly, three principal monitoring and evaluation outcome features were identified, namely, performance, satisfaction and value outcome.

Practical implications

The study, thus, seeks to guide project planning and implementation of effective construction project M&E.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the body of knowledge by establishing top and key success outcomes (KSO) in the implementation of monitoring and evaluation.
Short run causal relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and infrastructure development
Authors: Owusu-Manu De-Graft , Edwards David John , Mohammed A. , Thwala Wellington Didibhuku , Birch Tony
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Foreign direct investment (FDI) flows for infrastructure development have grown in volume to become more widely dispersed among home (outward investor) and host (recipient) countries. This paper aims to explore the short-run causal relationship between FDI and infrastructure development in the developing country of Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach

A two-stage least squares estimation method was adopted where FDI was endogenized, and all variables were in constant prices. Stationarity tests were performed on the annualized log difference of variables using augmented Dickey–Fuller test (ADF).

Findings

Results reveal a positive and significant relationship between FDI and infrastructure but a negative and significant relationship between FDI and GDP and FDI and openness. GDP growth also has a long-run negative relationship with FDI inflows.

Originality/value

The paper’s contribution to knowledge is two-fold. First, it examines the short run effect of FDI upon the Ghanaian economy and how market shocks to FDI and infrastructure development can be ameliorated. Second, it illustrates that government policymakers should prioritize development that requires FDI and ensure that the local market is not excessively open to foreign exploitation. Future work is required to further investigate international capital flow and its impact upon other developing nations.
The contribution of cultural intelligence to the interaction involvement and performance of call center agents in cross-cultural communication
Authors: Puyod Jenette Villegas , Charoensukmongkol Peerayuth
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the contribution of cultural intelligence (CQ) to the interaction involvement and job performance of call center agents in the Philippines.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 213 call center agents from five business process outsourcing firms in the Philippines. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used for data analysis.

Findings

CQ was found to be positively associated with the quality of interaction involvement and job performance of the call center agents. Moreover, the positive contribution of CQ to interaction involvement and job performance was significantly greater for those that had less call center work experience than those that had more work experience.

Originality/value

This study indicates that CQ not only matters in face-to-face communication but also is beneficial for non-personal communication, as with telephone conversation for example. In addition, this study showed new evidence –possessing high CQ tends to be more beneficial for agents that have less work experience.
Inferring hot topics and emerging educational research fronts
Authors: Úbeda-Sánchez Álvaro Manuel , Fernández-Cano Antonio , Callejas Zoraida
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to identify emerging fronts and hot topics in educational research. The identification of such educational trends can help decision-makers in educational policies and research agendas.

Design/methodology/approach

Through a quantitative and scientometric research approach, the authors analyze a sample of 198 highly cited scientific papers extracted from Web of Science corresponding to the 2012-2016 period using a co-verbal analysis to process the papers’ keywords and titles. The result of the co-occurrence analysis is further processed to generate clusters and visualize network maps that allow identifying the different emerging fronts and hot topics.

Findings

The results indicate that there exist pervasive and generalist topics, thus denoting the perennial nature of some themes within the education research discipline; which coexist with other more specific themes that center the focus of attention in more specific and actual topics that also attract the interest of researchers as technology, assessment, strategies or environment. These emergent fronts could conform a plausible research agenda educational research agenda.

Originality/value

The authors contribute a method to infer emerging fronts and hot topics of research and have used it to identify the novel avenues of educational research that may guide the agendas in the near future. In the scientific literature, they find studies and reports on fronts and topics mainly within the broader framework of social sciences. Here, the main focus of attention is placed on education as a scientific discipline on its own.
Comparative genomics groups phages of Negativicutes and classical Firmicutes despite different Gram‐staining properties
Authors: Rands Chris M. , Brüssow Harald , Zdobnov Evgeny M.
Published: July 2019

Negativicutes are gram‐negative bacteria characterized by two cell membranes, but they are phylogenetically a side‐branch of gram‐positive Firmicutes that contain only a single membrane. We asked whether viruses (phages) infecting Negativicutes were horizontally acquired from gram‐negative Proteobacteria, given the shared outer cell structure of their bacterial hosts, or if Negativicute phages co‐evolved vertically with their hosts and thus resemble gram‐positive Firmicute prophages. We predicted and characterized 485 prophages (mostly Caudovirales) from gram‐negative Firmicute genomes plus 2977 prophages from other bacterial clades, and we used virome sequence data from 183 human stool samples to support our predictions. The majority of identified Negativicute prophages were lambdoids closer related to prophages from other Firmicutes than Proteobacteria by sequence relationship and genome organization (position of the lysis module). Only a single Mu‐like candidate prophage and no clear P2‐like prophages were identified in Negativicutes, both common in Proteobacteria. Given this collective evidence, it is unlikely that Negativicute phages were acquired from Proteobacteria. Sequence‐related prophages, which occasionally harboured antibiotic resistance genes, were identified in two distinct Negativicute orders (Veillonellales and Acidaminococcales), possibly suggesting horizontal cross‐order phage infection between human gut commensals. Our results reveal ancient genomic signatures of phage and bacteria co‐evolution despite horizontal phage mobilization.
Horizontal and vertical integration's role in meaningful use attestation over time
Authors: Everson Jordan , Richards Michael R. , Buntin Melinda B.
Published: July 2019

Objective

To compare rates of attestation and attrition from the MU program by independent, horizontally integrated, and vertically integrated physicians and to assess whether MU created pressure for independent physicians to join integrated organizations.

Data Source/Study Setting

Secondary Data from SK&A and Medicare MU Files, 2011‐2016. Office‐based physicians in the 50 United States and District of Columbia.

Study Design

We compared attestation rates among physicians that remained independent or integrated throughout the study period. We then assessed the association between changing integration and MU attestation in multivariate regression models.

Principal Findings

Our sample included 291 234 physicians. Forty nine percent of physicians that remained independent throughout the period attested to MU at least once during the program, compared with 70 percent of physicians that remained horizontally or vertically integrated physicians. Only approximately 50 percent of independent physicians that attested between 2011 and 2013 attested in 2015, representing significantly more attrition than we observed among integrated physicians. In multivariate regression models, physicians that joined these organizations were more likely to have attested to MU prior to integrating and this difference increased following integration.

Conclusions

These findings point toward a growing digital divide between physicians who remain independent and integrated physicians that may have been exacerbated by the MU program. Targeted public policy, such as new regional extension centers, should be considered to address this disparity.
3‐Deoxyanthocyanidin Colorant: Nature, Health, Synthesis, and Food Applications
Authors: Xiong Yun , Zhang Pangzhen , Warner Robyn Dorothy , Fang Zhongxiang
Published: July 2019

3‐Deoxyanthocyanidins are a rare type of anthocyanins that are present in mosses, ferns, and some flowering plants. They are water‐soluble pigments and impart orange‐red and blue‐violet color to plants and play a role as phytoalexins against microbial infection and environmental stress. In contrast to anthocyanins, the lack of a hydroxyl group at the C‐3 position confers unique chemical and biochemical properties. They are potent natural antioxidants with a number of potential health benefits including cancer prevention. 3‐Deoxyanthocyanidin pigments have attracted much attention in the food industry as natural food colorants, mainly due to their higher stability during processing and handling conditions compared with anthocyanins. They are also photochromic compounds capable of causing a change in “perceived” color, when exposed to UV light, which can be used to design novel foods and beverages. Due to their interesting properties and potential industrial applications, great efforts have been made to synthesize these compounds. For biosynthesis, researchers have discovered the 3‐deoxyanthocyanidin biosynthetic pathway and their biosynthetic genes. For chemical synthesis, advances have been made to synthesize the compounds in a simpler and more efficient way as well as looking for its novel derivative with enhanced coloration properties. This review summarizes the developments in the research on 3‐deoxyanthocyanidin as a colorant, from natural sources to chemical syntheses and from health benefits to applications and future prospects, providing comprehensive insights into this group of interesting compounds.
Inequalities and crime
Authors: Heimer Karen
Published: July 2019

The study of inequalities undergirds much of criminology. At times, however, we may take the impact of inequalities for granted and miss opportunities to problematize the strong link between inequalities and crime. In this address, I maintain that it is important to step back and recognize that economic, race, ethnic, gender, and other inequalities are at the core of criminology. More explicit consensus about the centrality of the link between inequalities and crime will allow for our field to speak to the major social and political issues of our time and will strengthen the field. In this address, I highlight some fruitful avenues of research on inequalities and crime. I then argue that the concept of intersecting inequalities can provide additional connective tissue between research focused on economic, race, ethnic, and gender inequalities. By drawing on recent evaluations of the concept in other fields, I discuss key issues that must be addressed in employing an intersecting inequalities approach and then suggest solutions. I conclude that use of an intersecting inequalities approach has the potential to uncover important insights and span research areas, thereby pushing forward our understanding of the impact of economic, race, ethnic, gender, and other inequalities on crime and victimization.
Influence of Fiber Addition on White Sauces Made with Corn Starch: Effect on Their Freezing/Thawing Stability
Authors: Herranz Beatriz , Martínez Adrián , Alvarez María Dolores
Published: July 2019

Fiber‐enriched white sauces with apple (AF401), potato (KF200), and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were selected among six white sauces, all of them elaborated by replacing corn starch and milk with 3% of different dietary fibers. It was investigated the freezing/thawing (F/T) stability of these three enriched white sauces studying their physico‐chemical (color, syneresis percentage, total soluble solids content), rheological (viscoelastic and steady measurements), and sensorial properties before and after a freezing/thawing treatment. White sauce with MCC resulted in being the most like the control (without fiber) showing a higher elasticity and a heat stability. Moreover, the sauce elaborated with MCC has a sensorial profile as a traditional corn starch sauce with high “creaminess” and lower “heterogeneity” after the F/T treatment. Therefore, the properties provided by MCC make this product interesting in food design, and MCC sauce could be used as an industrial frozen fiber‐enriched white sauce.

Practical Application

These days, there is an increase in the demand of precooked frozen dishes due to current lifestyles and because the use of fiber exhibits many proven health benefits. A béchamel sauce made from corn starch and enriched with different fibers was elaborated, frozen and thawed in microwave. Both fresh and frozen/thawed microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) sauces exhibited very similar rheological and sensorial properties to an industrial and traditional frozen white sauce without fiber. Therefore, MCC‐enriched white sauce resulted to be a feasible strategy to produce a white sauce suitable for frozen dishes with good functional properties and sensorial quality.
Reducing Visual Differences in Whole Grain Bread Prepared with Hard Red and Hard White Wheat: Application for Sensory Studies
Authors: Smith Brennan M. , Ramsay Samantha A. , Roe Annie , Ferrante Mackenzie J. , Brooks Samantha (Worden)
Published: July 2019

Consumer taste preference can be influenced by visual preference. To eliminate the influence of visual preference in the sensory evaluation of whole grain wheat, a reproducible method to eliminate color differences between Whole Grain breads prepared from hard white wheat (HWW) and hard red wheat (HRW) was evaluated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to match the color of HWW to HRW with the addition of commercially available dye solutions: McCormick black (red #40, yellow #5, blue #1), red (red #40, red #3, yellow #6), and yellow (yellow #5). Bread color was assessed by L*, a*, and b* color parameters according to the CIELAB international system of color measurement. Four replicates of the control and dye treated breads were analyzed. Initial color values for HRW were L* = 56.8 ± 0.40; a* = 8.04 ± 0.44; b* = 21.34 ± 0.46. RSM was used to predict dye addition levels to match color between HWW and HRW. With the addition of black (0.457 µL/mL), red (0.574 µL/mL), and yellow (1.165 µL/mL) dye to HWW, breads could be produced with L*, a*, and b* values of no statistical difference to the HRW (P < 0.05). A timed storage trail demonstrated the need to standardize the time between bread production and feeding studies. Visual bias can hinder assessment of wheat varieties in sensory studies. A reproducible method of dying wheat was developed that can be used to reduce this bias in sensory studies.

Practical Applications

The ability to control color variability is a critical tool in determining perceived quality in sensory analysis of breads. In this study, a method to reduce or eliminate visual bias between breads made from different varieties of wheat was developed. This method is applicable to any foods where dye could be added to reduce or eliminate color bias in sensory studies.
Utilizing Herbs and Microwave‐Assisted Thermal Sterilization to Enhance Saltiness Perception in a Chicken Pasta Meal
Authors: Barnett Sasha M. , Sablani Shyam S. , Tang Juming , Ross Carolyn F.
Published: July 2019

This study was the first to evaluate the influence of herb addition in a complex food matrix processed by microwave‐assisted thermal sterilization (MATS) system for potential salt reduction implications. In a chicken pasta meal, salt concentrations included 100% (full salt) and reduced salt variations (75%, 50%, and 25% of the original salt concentration) and for each meal, a version with and without herb addition. The influence of storage time on sensory perception and acceptance was investigated, along with the odor‐induced saltiness enhancement (OISE). Trained sensory panel results showed that the addition of herbs to the chicken pasta meal increased the intensity of many flavors and led to an increased saltiness perception, demonstrating their congruency with salty taste. The addition of herbs allowed for a 50% salt reduction in a processed prepared meal while maintaining the same intensity of saltiness perception as determined by a trained panel and overall meal acceptance by consumers. The OISE was only significant for the 25% salt meal (P < 0.05) suggesting that the influence of herb addition on saltiness perception at lower salt concentrations was more influential than at higher salt concentrations. Over longer storage times, meals processed by MATS and stored at ambient temperature increased in aroma, taste, and flavor intensities as well as in acceptance of many meal attributes. This study contributed an additional strategy of product reformulation, specifically herb addition, to the portfolio of salt‐reduction strategies for prepared meals using MATS.

Practical Application

The addition of herbs to prepared meals (chicken pasta) may allow for up to a 50% reduction in salt content while maintaining the same saltiness intensity perception and overall consumer acceptance. This has important implications for the food industry as sodium reduction is a complex task. Furthermore, the additional herbs utilized in this study increased the intensity of certain aromas and flavors, and led to increased saltiness perception; these herbs could be considered in future salt reduction applications as this study demonstrates their congruency with salty taste.
The Emerging Great Power Politics and Regionalism: Structuring Effective Regional Conflict Management
Authors: Troitskiy Mikhail
Published: July 2019

The intensifying rivalry between the leading global powers (the United States and the European Union) on one hand, and the aspiring nations (such as China, Russia, India, Turkey, and others) on the other, creates additional challenges to conflict resolution on the regional scale. The global and aspiring powers often seek to use these conflicts to sap their opponents’ resources, discredit their commitments and undermine resolve. As a result, most conflicts in post‐Soviet Eurasia and some in the Middle East (Syria) and Asia (disputes over China's maritime claims) become ‘frozen’ or intractable and defy resolution. Existing multilateral alliances and blocs across the conflict ridden regions are engaged in the struggle for members and appear incapable of concerted conflict resolution policies. What is needed to address the intensifying proxy conflict problem is a set of multilateral permanent negotiation fora bringing together the leading global powers and aspiring nations. Despite the manifold challenges to such scheme, the contours of a deal that can be reached within such fora is clear: status elevation for the aspiring nations in return for their good faith engagement with the leading global powers in conflict resolution.
Global Emergency Medicine: A Review of the Literature from 2018
Authors: Trehan Indi , Osei‐Ampofo Maxwell , Balhara Kamna S. , Hexom Braden J. , Kivlehan Sean M. , Modi Payal , Pousson Amelia Y. , Selvam Anand , Quao Nana Serwaa A. , Cho Daniel K. , Becker Torben K. , Levine Adam C. ,   on behalf of the Global Emergency Medicine Literature Review (GEMLR) Group
Published: July 2019

Objectives

The Global Emergency Medicine Literature Review (GEMLR) conducts a systematic annual search of peer‐reviewed and gray literature relevant to global emergency medicine (EM) to identify, review, and disseminate the most rigorously conducted and widely relevant research in global EM.

Methods

An electronic search of PubMed, a comprehensive retrieval of articles from specific journals, and search of the gray literature were conducted. Title and abstracts retrieved by these searches were screened by a total of 22 reviewers based on their relevance to the field of global EM, across the domains of disaster and humanitarian response (DHR), emergency care in resource‐limited settings (ECRLS), and emergency medicine development (EMD). All articles that were deemed relevant by at least one reviewer, their editor, and the managing editor underwent formal scoring of overall methodologic quality and importance to global EM. Two independent reviewers scored all articles; editors provided a third score in cases of widely discrepant scores.

Results

A total of 19,102 articles were identified by the searches and, after screening and removal of duplicates, a total of 517 articles underwent full review. Twenty‐five percent were categorized as DHR, 61% as ECRLS, and 15% as EMD. Inter‐rater reliability testing between the reviewers revealed a Cohen's kappa score of 0.213 when considering the complete score or 0.426 when excluding the more subjective half of the score. A total of 25 articles scored higher than 17.5 of 20; these were selected for a full summary and critique.

Conclusions

In 2018, the total number of articles relevant to global EM that were identified by our search continued to increase. Studies and reviews focusing on pediatric infections, several new and traditionally underrepresented topics, and landscape reviews that may help guide clinical care in new settings represented the majority of top‐scoring articles. A shortage of articles related to the development of EM as a specialty was identified.
Social and Situational Party Characteristics Associated With High‐Intensity Alcohol Use Among Youth and Young Adults
Authors: Cox Melissa J. , Egan Kathleen L. , Suerken Cynthia K. , Reboussin Beth A. , Song Eunyoung Y. , Wagoner Kimberly G. , Wolfson Mark
Published: July 2019

Background

Rates of high‐intensity drinking, which is alcohol consumption that exceeds standard heavy drinking levels, have increased in recent years and peak in young adulthood. To identify modifiable environmental targets for prevention of high‐intensity drinking, we identified characteristics of parties attended by youth and young adults that were associated with high‐intensity drinking and the consequences of this excessive form of drinking.

Methods

Data are from 15‐ to 20‐year‐old participants in an online survey (n = 2,442; 55.4% female, 74.8% White) who resided in 24 communities across 7 states that were a part of a community randomized intervention trial to reduce the incidence and consequences of underage drinking parties. We used multinomial logistic regression to predict level of drinking by 6 party characteristics (size, location, age and gender composition, supervision, others’ drinking behavior), and to predict 6 consequences (hangover, not remember event, passed out, punished by parents, broke something/got in fight, and sex against will) from level of drinking. We tested study hypotheses in 2 models, one that used a single binge drinking threshold (below binge vs. at or above binge level) and one that additionally used a high‐intensity drinking level (below binge, 1 to 2 times binge, 2+ times binge level).

Results

We found that larger party size and a mostly male composition were unique predictors of high‐intensity drinking when compared to those who consumed 1 to 2 times the binge drinking level. Odds of passing out, not remembering the drinking event, breaking/damaging property, or getting in a fight were more than double for high‐intensity drinkers compared to standard binge level drinkers.

Conclusions

Results from this study indicate there are unique precursors and consequences of high‐intensity alcohol consumption among youth and young adults. These environmental factors associated with high‐risk drinking contexts can be used to develop prevention strategies to mitigate the harms associated with excessive alcohol consumption.
Behavioral economic tobacco demand in relation to cigarette consumption and nicotine dependence: a meta‐analysis of cross‐sectional relationships
Authors: González‐Roz Alba , Jackson Jacob , Murphy Cara , Rohsenow Damaris J. , MacKillop James
Published: July 2019

Background and Aims

A cigarette purchase task (CPT) aims to characterize individual variation in the reinforcing value of tobacco. This meta‐analysis estimated the associations between cigarette demand, tobacco consumption and nicotine dependence using this task.

Design

A meta‐analysis of cross‐sectional studies identified by PubMed and PsycINFO databases was conducted. Fixed‐ and random‐effects models were used. The study also examined the model used to derive elasticity of demand (exponential or exponentiated) as a potential moderator. Publication bias was assessed using ‘fail‐safe N', Begg–Mazumdar test, Egger's test, Tweedie's trim‐and‐fill approach and meta‐regression of publication year with effect size.

Setting

Studies from any setting that reported coefficient correlations on the tested associations.

Participants

Daily cigarette users (i.e. 5 to 38 cigarettes per day; n = 7649).

Measurements

Cigarette consumption, nicotine dependence and five tobacco demand indicators: intensity (i.e. consumption at no cost), elasticity (i.e. sensitivity to rises in costs), Omax (maximum expenditure), Pmax (i.e. price at which consumption becomes elastic) and breakpoint (i.e. price at which consumption ceases).

Findings

Twenty‐three studies met inclusion criteria. All the CPT indices were significantly correlated with smoking behavior (rs = 0.044–0.572, Ps = 0.012–10−8). Medium‐to‐large effect size associations were present for intensity, Omax, and elasticity, whereas small effects were obtained for breakpoint and Pmax. Evidence of a moderating effect of the different elasticity modeling approaches was not present. There was limited evidence of publication bias.

Conclusions

All five demand indices derived from the cigarette purchase task by (CPT) were robustly associated with cigarette consumption and tobacco dependence. Of the demand indices, maximum expenditure, intensity and elasticity exhibited the largest magnitude associations.
For Safety or Profit? How Science Serves the Strategic Interests of Private Actors
Authors: Perlman Rebecca L.
Published: July 2019

Science is central to the regulation of risk. But who provides the science on which risk regulations are based? Through an in‐depth empirical analysis of domestic health and safety standards, this article shows how private actors use scientific information to acquire preferential outcomes. I develop a formal model delineating conditions under which firms will seek stricter standards on their own products, and I reveal how companies can acquire these outcomes through the strategic provision of information. To test the theory, I track changes to U.S. agrochemical standards over a two‐decade period. I also introduce firm‐level petition data and historical evidence to test the mechanism directly. My findings provide new insight into the strategies companies use to benefit from regulations, while also forcing us to reevaluate what it means for regulations to be based on science.
Letter: immunogenicity of anti‐TNF in elderly IBD patients
Authors: Paul Stephane , Roblin Xavier
Published: July 2019

Linked Content

This article is linked to Singh et al and Singh and Jairath papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15214 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15379.
Editorial: effect of hepatic steatosis on liver stiffness in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Kim Beom Kyung , Kim Seung Up
Published: July 2019

Linked Content

This article is linked to Shen et al and Shen and Fan papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15298 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15387.
Editorial: effect of hepatic steatosis on liver stiffness in patients with chronic hepatitis B—authors' reply
Authors: Shen Feng , Fan Jian‐Gao
Published: July 2019

Linked Content

This article is linked to Shen et al and Kim and Kim papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15298 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15364.
Complexity leadership in learning analytics: Drivers, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Tsai Yi‐Shan , Poquet Oleksandra , Gašević Dragan , Dawson Shane , Pardo Abelardo
Published: July 2019

Learning analytics (LA) has demonstrated great potential in improving teaching quality, learning experience and administrative efficiency. However, the adoption of LA in higher education is often beset by challenges in areas such as resources, stakeholder buy‐in, ethics and privacy. Addressing these challenges in a complex system requires agile leadership that is responsive to pressures in the environment and capable of managing conflicts. This paper examines LA adoption processes among 21 UK higher education institutions using complexity leadership theory as a framework. The data were collected from 23 interviews with institutional leaders and subsequently analysed using a thematic coding scheme. The results showed a number of prominent challenges associated with LA deployment, which lie in the inherent tensions between innovation and operation. These challenges require a new form of leadership to create and nurture an adaptive space in which innovations are supported and ultimately transformed into the mainstream operation of an institution. This paper argues that a complexity leadership model enables higher education to shift towards more fluid and dynamic approaches for LA adoption, thus ensuring its scalability and sustainability.
Characterising ‘bounce‐back’ readmissions after radical cystectomy
Authors: Kirk Peter S. , Skolarus Ted A. , Jacobs Bruce L. , Qin Yongmei , Li Benjamin , Sessine Michael , Liu Xiang , Zhu Kevin , Gilbert Scott M. , Hollenbeck Brent K. , Urish Ken , Helm Jonathan , Lavieri Mariel S. , Borza Tudor
Published: July 2019

Objective

To examine predictors of early readmissions after radical cystectomy (RC). Factors associated with preventable readmissions may be most evident in readmissions that occur within 3 days of discharge, commonly termed ‘bounce‐back’ readmissions, and identifying such factors may inform efforts to reduce surgical readmissions.

Patients and Methods

We utilised the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's State Inpatient Databases to examine 1867 patients undergoing RC in 2009 and 2010, and identified all patients readmitted within 30 days of discharge. We assessed differences between patients experiencing bounce‐back readmission compared to those readmitted 8–30 days after discharge using logistic regression models and also calculated abbreviated LACE scores to assess the utility of common readmissions risk stratification algorithms.

Results

The 30‐day and bounce‐back readmission rates were 28.4% and 5.6%, respectively. Although no patient or index hospitalisation characteristics were significantly associated with bounce‐back readmissions in adjusted analyses, bounce‐back patients did have higher rates of gastrointestinal (14.3% vs 6.7%, P = 0.02) and wound (9.5% vs 3.0%, P < 0.01) diagnoses, as well as increased index and readmission length of stay (5 vs 4 days, P = 0.01). Overall, the median abbreviated LACE score was 7, which fell into the moderate readmission risk category, and no difference was observed between readmitted and non‐readmitted patients.

Conclusion

One in five readmissions after RC occurs within 3 days of initial discharge, probably due to factors present at discharge. However, sociodemographic and clinical factors, as well as traditional readmission risk tools were not predictive of this bounce‐back. Effective strategies to reduce bounce‐back readmission must identify actionable clinical factors prior to discharge.
Organizational creativity‐innovation process and breakthrough under time constraints: Mid‐point transformation
Authors: April Sharone , Oliver Amalya L. , Kalish Yuval
Published: July 2019

Time, as a constraining resource, is an important factor in organizational creativity processes. Yet we know little about its role in influencing the creative‐innovative process. This paper uses a case study to integrate three process‐oriented theories concerning the importance of process mid‐points and breakthrough as time resources dissipate. The context we examine is the design process of an exhibition of industrial innovations at the Science Museum in Jerusalem. We argue that actors select a course of action at approximately the temporal mid‐point of a process and that this course of action is itself creative and leads to a breakthrough transformation. Two types of mid‐point creative breakthrough transformation are classified as recombining and pruning. We suggest a theoretical integration and further directions for research.
Review: The effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy for adolescents with depression – a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Duffy Fiona , Sharpe Helen , Schwannauer Matthias
Published: July 2019

Background

Interpersonal psychotherapy for adolescents (IPT‐A) is a manualised, time‐limited intervention for young people with depression. This systematic review aimed to determine the effectiveness of IPT‐A for treating adolescent depression.

Method

A systematic search of relevant electronic databases and study reference lists was conducted. Any study investigating the effectiveness of IPT‐A in 12‐ to 20‐year‐olds with a depressive disorder was eligible. Synthesis was via narrative summary and meta‐analysis.

Results

Twenty studies were identified (10 randomised trials and 10 open trials/case studies), many of which had small sample sizes and were of varying quality. Following IPT‐A, participants experienced large improvements in depression symptoms (d = −1.48, p < .0001, k = 17), interpersonal difficulties with a medium effect (d = −0.68, p < .001, k = 8) and in general functioning with a very large effect (d = 2.85, p < .001, k = 8). When compared against control interventions, IPT‐A was more effective than non‐CBT active controls in reducing depression symptoms (d = −0.64, p < .001, k = 5) and was no different from CBT (d = 0.05, p = .88, k = 2). There was no difference between IPT‐A and active control interventions in reducing interpersonal difficulties (d = −0.26, p = .25, k = 5).

Conclusions

Interpersonal psychotherapy for adolescents is an effective intervention for adolescent depression, improving a range of relevant outcomes. IPT‐A is consistently superior to less structured interventions and performs similarly to CBT. However, these conclusions are cautious, as they are based on a small number of controlled studies, with minor adaptations to the standard IPT‐A protocol, and/or were conducted by the intervention developers. Further robust RCTs are therefore required. The lack of superiority in IPT‐A for improving interpersonal difficulties highlights a need for studies to explore the underpinning mechanisms of change.
Lipid peroxidation increases hydrogen peroxide permeability leading to cell death in cancer cell lines that lack mtDNA
Authors: Tomita Kazuo , Takashi Yuko , Ouchi Yuya , Kuwahara Yoshikazu , Igarashi Kento , Nagasawa Taisuke , Nabika Hideki , Kurimasa Akihiro , Fukumoto Manabu , Nishitani Yoshihiro , Sato Tomoaki
Published: July 2019

4‐Hydroxynonenal (HNE) is an important product of plasma membrane lipid peroxidation, which is a cause of cell and tissue injury. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)‐depleted ρ0 cells were established using human cervical cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. We investigated the effect of reactive oxygen species in ρ0 cells, especially the mechanism of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐mediated cell death. These cell were subjected to high oxidative stress and, compared with their parental cells, showed greater sensitivity to H2O2 and high lipid peroxidation. Upregulation of HNE in the plasma membrane was observed prior to the increase in intracellular H2O2. The amount of oxidized lipid present changed H2O2 permeability and administration of oxidized lipid led to further cell death after treatment with H2O2. Expression levels of lipoxygenase ALOX genes (ie ALOX5, ALOX12, and ALOX15) were upregulated in ρ0 cells, as were expression levels of ALOX12 and ALOX15 proteins. ALOX5 protein was mainly distributed in the nucleus, while ALOX12 and ALOX15 proteins were distributed in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Although expression of COX2 gene was upregulated, its protein expression did not increase. ALOX (especially ALOX15) may be involved in the sensitivity of cancer cells to treatment. These data offer promise for the development of novel anticancer agents by altering the oxidation state of the plasma membrane. Our results showed that lipid peroxidation status is important for H2O2 sensitivity and that ALOX15 is involved in lipid peroxidation status.
Gram‐negative enteric rods/Pseudomonas colonization in mucositis and peri‐implantitis of implants restored with cemented and screwed reconstructions: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ramón‐Morales Carlos‐Andrés , Ramón‐Morales Oscar‐Miguel , Ardila Carlos M.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To evaluate the association between Gram‐negative enteric rods and Pseudomonas with mucositis and peri‐implantitis, in implants restored with cemented and screw‐retained reconstructions.

Materials and Methods

Individuals treated with implants, diagnosed with peri‐implant mucositis and or peri‐implantitis, participated in this study. Microbiota from the implant and the gingival sulcus of two neighboring teeth were also studied. The microorganisms were identified using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry.

Results

A total of 52 and 51 implants cemented and screwed restored were evaluated in 31 patients. The presence of Gram‐negative enteric rods/Pseudomonas (P = .01) was significantly higher in the cemented restored implants. When the unit of analysis was the implant, the presence of Gram‐negative enteric rods/Pseudomonas was associated with cemented restored implants after adjustment for possible confounders (odds ratio [OR] = 3.7; 95% CI, 1.4‐10; P = .01); besides, peri‐implantitis was statistically significant in the multivariate model (P = .008). Considering the patient as a unit of analysis, peri‐implantitis was associated with cemented restored implants (OR = 9.4; 95% CI, 2‐46; P = .006); this statistically significant association remained after adjusting for potential confounders (OR = 6.8; 95% CI, 1.3‐37; P = .02).

Conclusion

The presence of Gram‐negative enteric rods/Pseudomonas was associated with cemented restored implants; besides, peri‐implantitis was associated with cemented restored implants.
Mediation of area and edge effects in forest fragments by adjacent land use
Authors: Hatfield Jack H. , Barlow Jos , Joly Carlos A. , Lees Alexander C. , Parruco Celso Henrique de Freitas , Tobias Joseph A. , Orme C. David L. , Banks‐Leite Cristina
Published: July 2019

Habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation have pervasive detrimental effects on tropical forest biodiversity, but the role of the surrounding land use (i.e., matrix) in determining the severity of these impacts remains poorly understood. We surveyed bird species across an interior‐edge‐matrix gradient to assess the effects of matrix type on biodiversity at 49 different sites with varying levels of landscape fragmentation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest—a highly threatened biodiversity hotspot. Both area and edge effects were more pronounced in forest patches bordering pasture matrix, whereas patches bordering Eucalyptus plantation maintained compositionally similar bird communities between the edge and the interior and exhibited reduced effects of patch size. These results suggest the type of matrix in which forest fragments are situated can explain a substantial amount of the widely reported variability in biodiversity responses to forest loss and fragmentation.