bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-Cultural Factors as Antecedents of Cross-Cultural Adaptation in Expatriates, International Students, and Migrants
Authors: Bierwiaczonek Kinga , Waldzus Sven
Published: April 2016

Currently, international mobility is common. Living abroad requires adaptation to the new culture, and adaptation outcomes are influenced by various socio-cultural factors. The literature examining these factors is vast but highly specialized. This article reviews studies on adaptation in various groups of cross-cultural travelers to identify the social and cultural contextual antecedents that have been overlooked in each of the specialized research areas. Our review reveals three distinct literature fields: on expatriates and their spouses, on international students, and on first-generation migrants. Each of them conceptualizes adaptation in a different manner. The literature on expatriates is pragmatically oriented and centered on the work context, which translates into a preference for variables that can be easily linked to expatriate work outcomes (socio-cultural adaptation, work-related antecedents). In contrast, the literature on migrants focuses on psychological outcomes of adaptation and tends to understudy factors related to the overall efficacy of migrants’ functioning within the host society. The literature on international students is the most eclectic and diverse, both conceptually and empirically, but lacks a common direction. We discuss the differences between these three literature groups in detail and formulate several recommendations for future research.
The use of ultrasound to assess fetal growth in a guinea pig model of fetal growth restriction
Authors: Swanson A M , Mehta V , Ofir K , Rowe M , Rossi C , Ginsberg Y , Griffin H , Barker H , White T , Boyd M , David A L
Published: April 2016

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common and potentially severe pregnancy complication. Currently there is no treatment available. The guinea pig is an attractive model of human pregnancy as placentation is morphologically very similar between the species. Nutrient restriction of the dam creates growth-restricted fetuses while leaving an intact uteroplacental circulation, vital for evaluating novel therapies for FGR. Growth-restricted fetuses were generated by feeding Dunkin Hartley guinea pig dams 70% of ad libitum intake from four weeks before and throughout pregnancy. The effect of maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) on dams and fetuses was carefully monitored, and ultrasound measurements of pups collected. There was no difference in maternal weight at conception, however by five weeks post conception MNR dams were significantly lighter ( P < 0.05). MNR resulted in significantly smaller pup size from 0.6–0.66 gestation. Ultrasound is a powerful non-invasive tool for assessing the effect of therapeutic interventions on fetal growth, allowing longitudinal measurement of fetuses. This model and method yield data applicable to the human condition without the need for animal sacrifice and will be useful in the translation of therapies for FGR into the clinic.
Because I’m Also Part of the Family. Children’s Participation in Rituals After the Loss of a Parent or Sibling
Authors: Søfting Gunn Helen , Dyregrov Atle , Dyregrov Kari
Published: April 2016

The objective of this study was to examine how Norwegian children today are included in death-related rituals after the loss of a parent or sibling, how they experienced their own participation, and to explore the meaning the rituals had for them. Our study indicates that it was very important for the children to be included in the rituals and accordingly be recognized as grievers alongside adults. Being included contributes to legitimating their status as a “full” member of the family system, with an equal status to adult grievers in an important and vulnerable phase of the family’s life. The children were pleased that they through ritual performances were given the opportunity to “see for themselves,” both in order to better comprehend and accept the reality of the loss and to take farewell with their loved ones.
Examining the Importance of Mental Pain and Physical Dissociation and the Fluid Nature of Suicidality in Young Suicide Attempters
Authors: Levinger Shai , Holden Ronald R. , Ben-Dor David H.
Published: April 2016

This study evaluated the importance of distress (i.e., mental pain, tolerance of mental pain, and depression) and physical dissociation factors for a group of young suicide attempters. Analyses indicated that those with higher current suicidality also evidenced higher current levels of depression and mental pain, lower mental pain tolerance, and higher physical dissociation. However, no correlations between suicidality and distress or physical dissociation were found when the level of suicidality was based on the time of the suicide attempt. The results demonstrate the importance of mental pain and its tolerance as well as physical dissociation in assessing severity of suicidality. However, analyses suggest there might be a decline in suffering after a suicide attempt and highlight the importance of assessing current suicidality when evaluating relevant variables for suicide. Findings are interpreted with regard to theories relating to the fluctuating nature of suicidality.
Judging Nudging: Answering the Manipulation Objection
Authors: Nys Thomas RV , Engelen Bart
Published: April 2016

Is it ever justified to ‘nudge’ people towards their own health? In this article, we argue that it is. We do so by arguing (1) that nudges are not necessarily – as is commonly thought – manipulative; (2) that even those nudges that are manipulative can be justified, for instance, when they preserve rather than violate people’s autonomy; and (3) that even if nudges can be said to violate some people’s autonomy, they can still be the legitimate outcome of genuinely democratic procedures. While we do not regard nudging as the solution to all or even most public health problems, we argue for a piecemeal approach that carefully considers its benefits and downsides in light of the various values involved and the alternatives at hand.
Midlife Crisis? The All-Volunteer Force at 40
Authors: Liebert Hugh , Golby James
Published: April 2016

Owing to regional and partisan imbalances, the U.S. military is at greater risk than at any time since the advent of the all-volunteer force of becoming estranged from significant portions of the society it serves. What—if anything—should be done? This article takes three initial steps to address this problem. First, the article examines regional and partisan representation in the U.S. military and suggests that existing imbalances are likely to grow worse over time. The article then argues that the most obvious policy response, a renewed draft, would in fact fail to adequately bridge the gap. Finally, the article outlines one policy response—the reassertion of nonpartisan norms—that would help to mitigate, though not close, the gap.
Influence of Weight on Shared Core Symptoms in Eating Disorders
Authors: Schmitz Catalina , Schnicker Katja , Legenbauer Tanja
Published: April 2016

In terms of the transdiagnostic model of eating disorders, Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN), and Binge Eating Disorder (BED) share the same distinctive psychopathology. However, empirical evidence showing similarities between these eating disorder diagnoses for core symptoms is scarce, and the role of weight status is unclear. Data from a total of 168 female participants were collected between April 2004 and April 2008, at an outpatient unit specialized in eating disorder treatment. Core symptoms of eating disorders were measured via self-report questionnaires. In particular, women with BED and BN showed similar patterns of core symptomatology compared with AN. However, when body mass index (BMI) was considered in the analyses, there were no differences between the three diagnostic groups in relation to body image. Differences in eating behavior are not solely triggered by weight differences, whereas body image disturbances are a transdiagnostic phenomenon among EDs and should also be considered in the treatment of BED.
Toward a Sustainable Future Earth
Authors: Lahsen Myanna
Published: April 2016

Future Earth is an evolving international research program and platform for engagement aiming to support transitions toward sustainability. This article discusses processes that led to Future Earth, highlighting its intellectual emergence. I describe how Future Earth has increased space for contributions from the social sciences and humanities despite powerful, long-standing preferences for bio-geophysical research in global environmental research communities. I argue that such preferences nevertheless are deeply embedded in scientific institutions that continue to shape environmental science agendas and, as such, constitute a formidable obstacle that needs to be recognized and countered to bolster efforts at effective societal transformation in the face of sustainability challenges. The analysis draws on two decades of observant participation in environmental research communities in the United States, Europe, Brazil, and elsewhere, including participation in the visioning process that led to Future Earth.
A language-model-based approach for subjectivity detection
Authors: Karimi Samaneh , Shakery Azadeh
Published: April 2016

The rapid growth of opinionated text on the Web increases the demand for efficient methods for detecting subjective texts. In this paper, a subjectivity detection method is proposed which utilizes a language-model-based structure to define a subjectivity score for each document where the topic relevance of documents does not affect the subjectivity scores. In order to overcome the limited content in short documents, we further propose an expansion method to better estimate the language models. Since the lack of linguistic resources in resource-lean languages like Persian makes subjectivity detection difficult in these languages, the method is proposed in two versions: a semi-supervised version for resource-lean languages and a supervised version. Experimental evaluations on five datasets in two languages, English and Persian, demonstrate that the method performs well in distinguishing subjective documents from objective ones in both languages.
Effects of circuit albumin coating on coagulation and inflammatory response for patients receiving aortic arch replacement: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Liang , Lv Lin , Long Cun , Lou Song
Published: April 2016

Objective:

To investigate whether human serum albumin coating before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) could improve platelet function and hemostasis and mitigate the inflammatory response among patients receiving aortic arch replacement with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA).

Methods:

Sixty patients were included and randomized into two groups: the Control Group (CG, receiving 40 g human albumin 5 minutes after the initiation of CPB) and the Study Group (SG, circulating the prime with 40 g albumin for 5 minutes before CPB). Rapid thromboelastography, complete blood count, coagulation tests and cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and PAF) were measured at two intervals: after anesthesia induction and before CPB (T1) and 10 minutes after heparin reversal before any blood product transfusion (T2).

Results:

Compared with T1, the fibrinogen and MA levels in both groups reduced significantly after heparin reversal and fell within the normal range for most patients. The platelet count reduction (ΔPLT) in the Study Group was significantly less than in the Control Group (p=0.031). Despite the inflammatory factor levels increasing after CPB (p<0.001), no differences were found between the Control Group and the Study Group. Fewer red blood cells were given in the Study Group, but this was not significant (p=0.05).

Conclusion:

Most patients receiving aortic arch replacement with DHCA have normal platelet function and fibrinogen levels after heparin reversal. Albumin coating before CPB may mitigate the platelet count reduction, but not platelet dysfunction. There is a trend that the patients treated with albumin coating received less red blood cell transfusions.
Changing church–state relations in contemporary China: The case of Wenzhou Diocese
Authors: Chan Shun-hing
Published: April 2016

This article examines the relationship between the state and the Catholic Church in Wenzhou in contemporary China from the perspective of institutional theory. There have been four phases of interaction between the state and the Catholic Church between 1980 and today, namely, religious restoration, tightened control over religion, the management of religion and limiting religious influence. During these phases, the state coerced the Catholic Church to adhere to its policies on religious institutions but also made concessions with the Catholic clergy during negotiations. In response to the state’s institutionalization of religion, the Church engaged in accommodation, negotiation, confrontation and resistance. More recently, the Church has adjusted its political position, moving towards increased resistance against state institutions. The article concludes with a discussion of the political implications of the church–state model in Wenzhou for religious freedom in China, reflecting the usefulness of institutional theory in Chinese society.
Depiction of microglial activation in aging and dementia: Positron emission tomography with [11C]DPA713 versus [11C](R)PK11195
Authors: Yokokura Masamichi , Terada Tatsuhiro , Bunai Tomoyasu , Nakaizumi Kyoko , Takebayashi Kiyokazu , Iwata Yasuhide , Yoshikawa Etsuji , Futatsubashi Masami , Suzuki Katsuaki , Mori Norio , Ouchi Yasuomi
Published: April 2016

The presence of activated microglia in the brains of healthy elderly people is a matter of debate. We aimed to clarify the degree of microglial activation in aging and dementia as revealed by different tracers by comparing the binding potential (BPND) in various brain regions using a first-generation translocator protein (TSPO) tracer [11C]( R)PK11195 and a second-generation tracer [11C]DPA713. The BPND levels, estimated using simplified reference tissue models, were compared among healthy young and elderly individuals and patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and were correlated with clinical scores. An analysis of variance showed category-dependent elevation in levels of [11C]DPA713 BPND in all brain regions and showed a significant increase in the AD group, whereas no significant changes among groups were found when [11C]( R)PK11195 BPND was used. Cognito-mnemonic scores were significantly correlated with [11C]DPA713 BPND levels in many brain regions, whereas [11C]( R)PK11195 BPND failed to correlate with the scores. As mentioned elsewhere, the present results confirmed that the second-generation TSPO tracer [11C]DPA713 has a greater sensitivity to TSPO in both aging and neuronal degeneration than [11C]( R)PK11195. Positron emission tomography with [11C]DPA713 is suitable for the delineation of in vivo microglial activation occurring globally over the cerebral cortex irrespective of aging and degeneration.
Bruno Latour and Ecology Politics: Poetics of Failure and Denial in IR
Authors: Agathangelou Anna M.
Published: April 2016

Failure and denial are seductive concepts, and they were explicitly theorised at the Millennium conference in October, 2015. Though used to evoke an array of images to understand the condition of International Relations (IR) as a discipline and in relation to other social sciences, the concepts were not previously deemed pivotal for theorising world events. This article critically assesses how failure and denial are used by IR’s scholarly community as signifiers, and what it is that they signify. To this end, it considers Bruno Latour’s keynote address at the 2015 Millennium conference, along with some of Latour’s shorter works. Drawing on STS (science and technology studies), postcolonial and queer sensibilities, it concludes with a discussion of the significance of theatre in IR scholarship, and examines the broader social and political implications of how we think and understand failure and denial in the era of the Anthropocene.
Return to Golfing Activity After Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Papaliodis Dean N. , Photopoulos Christos D. , Mehran Nima , Banffy Michael B. , Tibone James E.
Published: April 2016

Background:

Many patients who are considering total joint arthroplasty, including hip, knee, and shoulder replacement, are concerned with their likelihood of returning to golf postoperatively as well as the effect that surgery will have on their game.

Purpose:

To review the existing literature on patients who have undergone major joint arthroplasty (hip, knee, and shoulder), to examine the effects of surgery on performance in golf, and to provide surgeon recommendations as related to participation in golf after surgery. A brief review of the history and biomechanics of the golf swing is also provided.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Methods:

We performed a systematic review of the literature in the online Medline database, evaluating articles that contained the terms “golf” and “arthroplasty.” Additionally, a web-based search evaluating clinical practice recommendations after joint arthroplasty was performed. The research was reviewed, and objective and anecdotal guidelines were formulated.

Results:

Total joint arthroplasty provided an improvement in pain during golfing activity, and most patients were able to return to sport with variable improvements in sport-specific outcomes.

Conclusion:

In counseling patients regarding the return to golf after joint arthroplasty, it is our opinion, on the basis of our experience and those reported from others in the literature, that golfers undergoing total hip, knee, and shoulder arthroplasty can safely return to sport.
Improvements to enforcement of multilateral environmental agreements to control international shipments of chemicals and wastes
Authors: Liu Ning , Somboon Vira , Wun’gaeo Surichai , Middleton Carl , Tingsabadh Charit , Limjirakan Sangchan
Published: April 2016

Illegal trade in hazardous waste and harmful chemicals has caused severe damage on human health and the environment, and brought big challenges to countries to meet their commitments to related multilateral environmental agreements. Synergy-building, like organising law enforcement operations, is critical to address illegal trade in waste and chemicals, and further improve the effectiveness of environmental enforcement. This article discusses how and why law enforcement operations can help countries to implement chemical and waste-related multilateral environmental agreements in a more efficient and effective way. The research explores key barriers and factors for organising law enforcement operations, and recommends methods to improve law enforcement operations to address illegal trade in hazardous waste and harmful chemicals.
Utilisation of biomass gasification by-products for onsite energy production
Authors: Vakalis S , Sotiropoulos A , Moustakas K , Malamis D , Baratieri M
Published: April 2016

Small scale biomass gasification is a sector with growth and increasing applications owing to the environmental goals of the European Union and the incentivised policies of most European countries. This study addresses two aspects, which are at the centre of attention concerning the operation and development of small scale gasifiers; reuse of waste and increase of energy efficiency. Several authors have denoted that the low electrical efficiency of these systems is the main barrier for further commercial development. In addition, gasification has several by-products that have no further use and are discarded as waste. In the framework of this manuscript, a secondary reactor is introduced and modelled. The main operating principle is the utilisation of char and flue gases for further energy production. These by-products are reformed into secondary producer gas by means of a secondary reactor. In addition, a set of heat exchangers capture the waste heat and optimise the process. This case study is modelled in a MATLAB-Cantera environment. The model is non-stoichiometric and applies the Gibbs minimisation principle. The simulations show that some of the thermal energy is depleted during the process owing to the preheating of flue gases. Nonetheless, the addition of a secondary reactor results in an increase of the electrical power production efficiency and the combined heat and power (CHP) efficiency.
Smoldering combustion of coal under forced air flow: experimental investigation
Authors: Qi Guansheng , Wang Deming , Zheng Keming , Tang Yan , Lu Xinxiao
Published: April 2016

Coal can maintain smoldering combustion for a long time in the gob (mined-out) area which is a serious threat to the safety mining of a coal mine. However, few literatures can be obtained to well understand the smoldering phenomena of coal. To obtain the coal smoldering characteristics, vertical forward and reverse smoldering tests under different air flow rate were performed, and the smoldering combustion process, speed, and temperature were analyzed. It is found that although the combustion process of forward and reverse smoldering is significantly different, their smoldering speeds are the same and both increase monotonically with air flow rate as the higher the air flow rate is, the greater the oxygen consumption rate can reach. Even when the air flow rate is 0.074 m/min in that the wind speed belongs to the suffocation zone of the gob, the coal can still undergo smoldering until complete combustion. This indicates that the smoldering fire cannot be effectively extinguished by only accelerating the stoping speed of the working face to create fire in the suffocation zone during the mining process. And for a sealed fire zone, it is also difficult for the smoldering fire to be completely extinguished as the fire zone cannot be absolutely sealed. Meanwhile, the risk of reverse smoldering is greater than forward smoldering due to its larger smoldering temperature.
Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro cytocompatibility of Ga-bioactive glass/polymer hydrogel composites
Authors: Keenan TJ , Placek LM , Keenan NL , Hall MM , Wren AW
Published: April 2016

A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40– x)ZnO-( x)Ga2O3) was incorporated in carboxymethyl cellulose–dextran hydrogels at three different loadings (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25 m2), and the resulting composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, physical swelling characteristics, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. In vitro cytocompatibility was also evaluated for composite extracts in contact with L-929 mouse fibroblasts and MC3T3-E1 human osteoblasts. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that glass particles were distributed throughout the hydrogels, and swelling studies showed that glass presence can increase the amount of fluid that can be absorbed by the hydrogels after seven days of immersion in phosphate-buffered saline by up to 180%. Several trends were observed in the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy data, with the most important being the release of Ga3+ from both Ga-containing glasses at all three loadings, with a maximum of 4.7 mg/L released after 30 days of incubation in phosphate-buffered saline. Cell viability analysis suggested that most composite extracts did not decrease neither fibroblast nor osteoblast viability. These results indicate that it is possible to embed bioactive glass particles into carboxymethyl cellulose–dextran hydrogels, and upon submersion in aqueous media, release ions from the glass particles that may elicit therapeutic effects.
“These Critics (Still) Don’t Write Enough about Women Artists”
Authors: Berkers Pauwke , Verboord Marc , Weij Frank
Published: April 2016

This article addresses the extent and ways in which gender inequality in the newspaper coverage of arts and culture has changed in France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States, 1955-2005. Through a quantitative content analysis, we mapped all articles that appeared in two elite newspapers in each country in four sample years 1955, 1975, 1995, and 2005 (n = 15,379). First, despite increasing women’s employment in arts and culture and a quantitative feminization of journalism, elite newspaper coverage of women in arts and culture has hardly changed, making up about 20-25 percent consistently over the last 50 years. Second, our results show surprisingly few cross-national differences in the amount of the newspaper coverage devoted to women in arts and culture. Third, although women are underrepresented in the coverage of all artistic genres, there is some evidence of horizontal sex segregation—particularly in architecture (stereotypical masculine) and modern dance and fashion (stereotypical feminine)—as well as vertical sex segregation—in that attention to women has increased in “highbrow” genres that have declined in status. Finally, as the status of an actor type increases from laymen to artistic directors, the proportion of women decreases in newspaper attention to arts and culture.
To Work or Not to Work? Mothers of Children With ADHD
Authors: O’Brien Karen M. , Sauber Elizabeth , Merson Erica S. , Chronis-Tuscano Andrea
Published: April 2016

Mothers of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder were studied with regard to employment status, workplace characteristics, and depressive symptoms. Self-complexity theory proposes that complex self-representations buffer against depression; however, maternal employment may challenge mothers’ ability to attend to the many needs of their children. Findings from our cross-sectional study of 176 mothers revealed that employed mothers reported fewer depressive symptoms than unemployed mothers and those employed part time, providing support for the self-complexity buffering hypothesis. Furthermore, low levels of parenting stress were associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Implications are provided for career counseling and future research.
The problem of sexual imbalance and techniques of the self in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Authors: Flore Jacinthe
Published: April 2016

This article examines the problematization of sexual appetite and its imbalances in the development of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The dominant strands of historiographies of sexuality have focused on historicizing sexual object choice and understanding the emergence of sexual identities. This article emphasizes the need to contextualize these histories within a broader frame of historical interest in the problematization of sexual appetite. The first part highlights how sexual object choice, as a paradigm of sexual dysfunctions, progressively receded from medical interest in the twentieth century as the clinical gaze turned to the problem of sexual appetite and its imbalances. The second part uses the example of the newly introduced Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder in the DSM-5 to explore how the Manual functions as a technique for taking care of the self. I argue that the design of the Manual and associated inventories and questionnaires paved the way for their interpretation and application as techniques for self-examination.
A framework for visual communication at Nature
Authors: Krause Kelly
Published: April 2016

The scientific journal Nature, published weekly since 1869, serves as an excellent case study in visual communication. While journals are becoming increasingly specialist, Nature remains firmly multidisciplinary; and unlike many scientific journals, it contains original journalism, opinion pieces, and expert analysis in addition to peer-reviewed research papers. This variety of content types–covering an extensive range of scientific disciplines–translates into a wide and varied audience, and the need to employ an equally wide variety of communication styles.

For example, a research paper may employ technical language to communicate to a highly specialized audience in that field, whereas a news story on the same subject will explain the science to an educated lay audience, often adding a wider context and stripping out acronyms. Each type of piece will use a communication approach tailored for its intended audience.

This is true for visual content as well: the intended audience of a scientific figure, illustration or data visualization will determine the design approach to that visual. At Nature, given the high volume of content plus high quality standards, this process is applied in a fairly systematic way, using a framework to guide creative decision-making. That framework is described here, along with a discussion of best practices for the design of research figures and graphics by context.
A cross-cultural comparison of high school students’ responses to a science centre show on the physics of sound in South Africa
Authors: Fish Derek , Allie Saalih , Pelaez Nancy , Anderson Trevor
Published: April 2016

We report on the attitudes and ideas developed by students from three distinct school groups to a science show about sound. We addressed two research questions: (1) How do the students compare with respect to their (a) attitudes to the sound show and to science in general and (b) changes in conceptual understanding as a result of the show and (2) what changes could be made to the show, and to science shows in general, that would be sensitive to the cultural and language differences of the groups? These were addressed by multiple-choice, pre- and post-tests comprising both attitudinal and conceptual questions. Our results pointed to a common enjoyment of the show but a different understanding of concepts and consequent learning, which suggest that science shows (and science teaching) need to be adjusted to accommodate different cultural groups for maximum impact.
Which question do polls about evolution and belief really ask, and why does it matter?
Authors: McCain Kevin , Kampourakis Kostas
Published: April 2016

Data from studies conducted to determine acceptance rates for evolution are often misleading. The questions that are asked and compared to one another do not always give an authentic picture of respondents’ views. Quite often, polls, such as those by IPSOS, Gallup, and PEW, also run together questions asking respondents’ beliefs in concepts like God with questions asking respondents’ beliefs about concepts like evolution. The two are distinct and should not be confused. One might believe in evolution while having wrong beliefs about it, whereas someone else might decide not to believe in evolution while having accurate beliefs about it. Distinguishing between “ belief in” and “ belief about” might help remove an unrecognized confounding element from these studies.
Effect of Age and Gender on Consumer Response to Advertising Appeals
Authors: Keshari Pragya , Jain Sangeeta
Published: April 2016

Advertising is an integral part of any company’s promotion mix. All the companies, whether large or small, national or global, use advertising as one of the major elements of their entire communication plan. It has been considered as one of the most effective ways to communicate with a large group of customers. However, the effectiveness of the advertising message depends upon a number of factors such as presentation style, attractiveness of the endorsers, creative appeal, etc. A large number of research studies have been conducted to examine the effect of aforementioned factors on response of consumers but a very few focus on examining the effect of demographic variables on consumer response to advertising appeals. This article is an attempt to study the effect of age and gender on response of consumers to rational and emotional advertising appeals. The data were collected from 348 respondents of Indore and Ujjain cities through a self-designed instrument. The paired-sample t-test and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study have been discussed in the article.
Comparison of the electromechanical properties of embedded and surface-mounted piezoelectric transducers
Authors: Shin Samuel , Zamorano Bruno , Elvin Niell
Published: April 2016

An experimental and computational comparison of the structural and electromechanical coupling properties of composite beams with surface-mounted and embedded piezoelectric disks shows that the embedded sensors tend to have higher electromechanical coupling coefficients due to improved strain transfer between the transducer and host material. Experimental testing of fiber–epoxy composite beams with embedded and surface-mounted piezoelectric disks under quasi-static three-point bending tests shows that bending elastic moduli and ultimate stresses are not significantly different between these two cases, while ultimate strains are greater for the surface-mounted cases compared with the embedded cases. Electromechanical coupling decreases with increasing bending loads due to either debonding between the sensor and host structure or due to damage of the brittle piezoelectric material. Embedded sensors tend to show a smaller degradation in electromechanical coupling with increasing stress level.
What Happened to Paul? Manifestation of Abnormal Pain Response for Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Goldschmidt Janice
Published: April 2016

During the progression of a pilot nutrition intervention designed to teach cooking skills to young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), one participant—Paul—fell in the parking lot. Prior to the accident, Paul had been making significant gains in the program and had communicated in a number of ways his enthusiasm. After his accident, which resulted in broken and dislocated bones in his ankle, his demeanor was dramatically altered, program gains were lost, and staff noted the appearance of many new challenging behaviors. This article analyzes Paul’s behavior in reference to the pain response in autism. For some time, it was believed that many individuals with ASD did not experience pain based on anecdotal reports of how individuals responded to injury with seeming indifference. This view has given way of late to a more nuanced understanding of how atypical sensory processing and stimulus over-selectivity spill over into pain pathways and pain amplification mechanisms. The consequence is not a reduction in pain sensation, but a different expression of pain, determined by that individual’s particular communicative, cognitive, or physiological challenges. From this perspective, many of the disruptive and harmful behaviors that emerged after Paul’s accident can be seen as a delayed response to the incident. This article concludes by arguing that professionals across all domains of health care need to begin to see behavior as communicative for those with ASD. This is particularly true of changes in behavior, which can be significant indicators of health care problems rather than something to be dismissed as another manifestation of the condition.
Finding Qualitative Research Evidence for Health Technology Assessment
Authors: DeJean Deirdre , Giacomini Mita , Simeonov Dorina , Smith Andrea
Published: April 2016

Health technology assessment (HTA) agencies increasingly use reviews of qualitative research as evidence for evaluating social, experiential, and ethical aspects of health technologies. We systematically searched three bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Social Science Citation Index [SSCI]) using published search filters or “hedges” and our hybrid filter to identify qualitative research studies pertaining to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and early breast cancer. The search filters were compared in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and precision. Our screening by title and abstract revealed that qualitative research constituted only slightly more than 1% of all published research on each health topic. The performance of the published search filters varied greatly across topics and databases. Compared with existing search filters, our hybrid filter demonstrated a consistently high sensitivity across databases and topics, and minimized the resource-intensive process of sifting through false positives. We identify opportunities for qualitative health researchers to improve the uptake of qualitative research into evidence-informed policy making.
How Do People With COPD Value Different Activities? An Adapted Meta-Ethnography of Qualitative Research
Authors: Lindenmeyer Antje , Greenfield Sheila M. , Greenfield Charlotte , Jolly Kate
Published: April 2016

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-term condition where activities of daily living (ADLs) may be very restricted; people with COPD need to prioritize what is important to them. We conducted a meta-ethnography to understand which ADLs are valued and why, systematically searching for articles including experiences of ADLs and organizing themes from the articles into five linked concepts: (a) caring for the body, (b) caring for the personal environment, (c) moving between spaces, (d) interacting with others, and (e) selfhood across time. In addition, we identified three key aspects of personal integrity: effectiveness, connectedness, and control. We found that ADLs were valued if they increased integrity; however, this process was also informed by gendered roles and social values. People whose sense of control depended on effectiveness often found accepting help very difficult to bear; therefore, redefining control as situational and relational may help enjoyment of activities that are possible.
Illness Narratives of African Americans Living With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Dubbin Leslie , McLemore Monica , Shim Janet K.
Published: April 2016

How African American men and women respond to and manage living with coronary heart disease (CHD) is not well understood despite the well-documented disproportionate burden of CHD and its complications among African Americans in the United States. Through a critical interactionist perspective, we explore illness experiences of African Americans living with CHD and describe a broad range of micro-, meso-, and macro-contextual factors that influence their illness experiences. For participants in this study, CHD has become a “Black disease” wherein certain bodies have become historically and racially marked; a conceptualization maintained and passed on by African Americans themselves. Such findings highlight that CHD is more than a “lifestyle disease” where high-risk behaviors and lack of healthy choices are ultimate culprits. Rather, CHD is perceived by African Americans who have it as yet another product of ongoing racial and socio-structural dynamics through which their health burdens are created, sustained, and reproduced.
Astroglial Scarring and Seizures
Authors: Robel Stefanie
Published: April 2016

Epilepsy is among the most prevalent chronic neurological diseases and affects an estimated 2.2 million people in the United States alone. About one third of patients are resistant to currently available antiepileptic drugs, which are exclusively targeting neuronal function. Yet, reactive astrocytes have emerged as potential contributors to neuronal hyperexcitability and seizures. Astrocytes react to any kind of CNS insult with a range of cellular adjustments to form a scar and protect uninjured brain regions. This process changes astrocyte physiology and can affect neuronal network function in various ways. Traumatic brain injury and stroke, both conditions that trigger astroglial scar formation, are leading causes of acquired epilepsies and surgical removal of this glial scar in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy can alleviate the seizures. This review will summarize the currently available evidence suggesting that epilepsy is not a disease of neurons alone, but that astrocytes, glial cells in the brain, can be major contributors to the disease, especially when they adopt a reactive state in response to central nervous system insult.
Dear TINA
Authors: Walsh Aylwyn , Tsilimpounidi Myrto
Published: April 2016

Speaking from within a time of economic crisis, It’s a Beautiful Thing, the Destruction of Wor(l)ds investigates how scholarly activities reflect activist identities and the affect of experiencing social change in the Greek crisis. In Dear TINA, we write through and about workplaces: correctional institutions and higher education, and their effects on our ways of knowing. These two performance lectures by Ministry of Untold Stories offer a working through of ontological uncertainty, precarity, and risk. We propose that if scholarship is to offer resistance to “there is no alternative,” then there must be a methodological revolution.
Preparation and experimental study on anti-penetration capability of the interlocking lattice sandwich plate filled with ceramic rods and hybrid fillers
Authors: Guo Rui , Liu Lei
Published: April 2016

For exploring lightweight protective structures, a type of lattice sandwich plate and its preparation method are introduced, and anti-penetration capability is investigated. This lattice sandwich structure includes two metal sheets and multimetal pyramidal lattice trusses, which is prepared based on the three-dimensional interlocking process, parallel ceramic rods, and hybrid fillers mixed with chopped glass fibers and epoxy resins. Mechanical properties of lattice structures with different relative densities are compared. Then, penetration experiments with ball-shaped projectiles on this plate and a contrast structure with no ceramic rods are performed, so that the failure modes, anti-penetration mechanisms, and impact absorption efficiency can be initially explored. The results indicate that this process introduced is suitable for any conductive material, with no requirement of strong plasticity and liquidity; deformation processes of lattice structures with different truss width are similar, and inelastic buckling model can describe the failure mode and compression limit well. Owing to the macrobending deformation of the main metal sheets, severe plastic deformation, and shear reaming of the lattice trusses, smash and failure of ceramic rods and hybrid fillers occur, which bring about much energy absorption. A significant anti-penetration capability of this plate is shown with energy absorption rate being 75% approximately.
The Intergenerational Impact of Genetic and Psychological Factors on Blood Pressure (InterGEN) Study
Authors: Taylor Jacquelyn Y. , Wright Michelle L. , Crusto Cindy A. , Sun Yan V.
Published: April 2016

The Intergenerational Impact of Genetic and Psychological Factors on Blood Pressure (InterGEN) study aims to delineate the independent and interaction effects of genomic (genetic and epigenetic) and psychological–environmental (maternally perceived racial discrimination, mental health, and parenting behavior) factors on blood pressure (BP) among African American mother–child dyads over time. The purpose of this article is to describe the two-step genetic and epigenetic approach that will be executed to explore Gene × Environment interactions on BP using a longitudinal cohort design. Procedure for the single collection of DNA at Time 1 includes the use of the Oragene 500-format saliva sample collection tube, which provides enough DNA for both the Illumina Multi-Ethnic Genotyping and 850K EPIC methylation analyses. BP readings, height, weight, percentage of body fat, and percentage of body water will be measured on all participants every 6 months for 2 years for a total of 4 time points. Genomic data analyses to be completed include multivariate modeling, assessment of population admixture and structure, and extended analyses including Bonferroni correction, false discovery rate methods, Monte Carlo approach, EIGENSTRAT methods, and so on, to determine relationships among both main and interaction effects of genetic, epigenetic, and psychological environmental factors on BP.
The road to Epidaurus is like the road to creation: tapping the urban archive
Authors: Beswick Katie , Hawkins Harriet , Kohlmaier Joseph
Published: April 2016

This article brings together three short ‘provocations’ presented by Katie Beswick, Harriet Hawkins and Joseph Kohlmaier. Between them, these provocations investigate the idea of how the archive of the city has and might be ‘tapped’ through a number of performative acts from a broad range of different perspectives, including the role of ‘archival art’; performance, practice and competition in the context of the city; the body as an archive; the foundation of the city as a performative act; street dance; stream of consciousness and the city in the psychological novel; and the role that documentary practices can play in regaining political territory.
Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulation of hydrofoil effects on hydrodynamic coefficients of a catamaran in forced oscillation
Authors: Najafi Amin , Seif Mohammad Saeed
Published: April 2016

Determination of high-speed crafts’ hydrodynamic coefficients will help to analyze the dynamics of these kinds of vessels and the factors affecting their dynamic stabilities. Also, it can be useful and effective in controlling the vessel instabilities. The main purpose of this study is to determine the coefficients of longitudinal motions of a planing catamaran with and without a hydrofoil using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method to evaluate the foil effects on them. Determination of hydrodynamic coefficients by experimental approach is costly and requires meticulous laboratory equipment; therefore, utilizing the numerical methods and developing a virtual laboratory seem highly efficient. In this study, the numerical results for hydrodynamic coefficients of a high-speed craft are verified against Troesch’s experimental results. In the following, after determination of hydrodynamic coefficients of a planing catamaran with and without foil, the foil effects on its hydrodynamic coefficients are evaluated. The results indicate that most of the coefficients are frequency-independent especially at high frequencies.