bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liquidity trap, private behavior preference, and the micro-foundation of fiscal multiplier dynamics
Authors: Chen Chuanglian , Dong Feng , Gao Xirong , Xu Jinhui
Published: February 2025

We incorporate the liquidity trap and private behavioral preferences into a New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model to analyze fiscal multipliers. The results indicate that the influence of the liquidity trap on fiscal policy is driven by a combination of the interest rate transmission effect and the precautionary savings effect, showing a notable amplification of multipliers based on estimates from U.S. data. Furthermore, we examine two types of private behavioral preferences: habit formation and investor confidence. Habit formation significantly boosts short-term government spending multipliers while exhibiting diverse impacts on different types of taxation. Compared to superficial habits, deep habits result in flatter multiplier curves. Investor confidence, being highly sensitive to output fluctuations, enhances both spending and tax multipliers over the medium to long term. Additionally, the investor confidence channel slightly amplifies the expansionary effect of the liquidity trap on multipliers, contrasting with the impact of habit formation.
Bankfull and Mean‐Flow Channel Geometry Estimation Through Machine Learning Algorithms Across the CONtiguous United States (CONUS)
Authors: Zarrabi Reihaneh , McDermott Riley , Erfani Seyed Mohammad Hassan , Cohen Sagy
Published: February 2025

Widely adopted models for estimating hydraulic geometry attributes rely on simplistic power‐law equations, which can introduce inaccuracy due to their inability to capture spatial variability. This study introduces a new model for predicting channel geometry utilizing advanced tree‐based Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. The research enhances the quality of the extensive HYDRoacoustic data set supporting Surface Water Oceanographic Topography (HYDRoSWOT) through a proposed preprocessing method. Observations of bankfull and mean‐flow conditions at each gauge site are identified and extracted as target variables for model development. HYDRoSWOT‐extracted attributes, along with other predictors from various sources, such as National Hydrography Data set Plus (NHDPlusV2.1), are used to train and validate predictive models. The models achieve average R2 values of 0.85 for channel width and 0.69 for channel depth, demonstrating high accuracy in capturing spatial variability in hydraulic geometry attributes. Independent evaluations further test the models' performance in predicting reach‐averaged conditions at locations outside the training and testing data sets. The results show that the proposed model significantly outperforms existing regional hydraulic geometry relations, with accuracy improvements of 30% for bankfull width and 76% for bankfull depth. The proposed model is then utilized to generate channel width and depth under bankfull and mean‐flow conditions data set across approximately 2.7 million streams within NHDPlusV2.1 data set across the CONtiguous United State (CONUS). This data set is a valuable resource for water‐related sciences, including hydrology, geomorphology, flood modeling, water quality assessment, and flood management.
Golgi condensation causes intestinal lipid accumulation through HIF-1α-mediated GM130 ubiquitination by NEDD4
Authors: Kim Hyunsoo , Park Channy , Wei Xiaofan , Chhetri Arun , Manandhar Laxman , Jang Gyuho , Hwang Jaetaek , Chinbold Batchingis , Chuluunbaatar Chagtsalmaa , Kwon Hyug Moo , Park Raekil
Published: February 2025

The breakdown of Golgi proteins disrupts lipid trafficking, leading to lipid accumulation in the small intestine. However, the causal mechanism of the effects of Golgi protein degradation on the Golgi structure related to lipid trafficking in the small intestine remains unknown. Here we find that Golgi protein degradation occurs under hypoxic conditions in high-fat-diet-fed mice. Hypoxia-induced degradation promotes structural changes in the Golgi apparatus, termed ‘Golgi condensation’. In addition, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) activation enhances Golgi condensation through the ubiquitination and degradation of Golgi matrix protein 130 (GM130), which is facilitated by neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4 (NEDD4). Golgi condensation upon exposure to hypoxia promotes lipid accumulation, apolipoprotein A1 retention and decreased chylomicron secretion in the intestinal epithelium. Golgi condensation and lipid accumulation induced by GM130 depletion are reversed by exogenous GM130 induction in the intestinal epithelium. Inhibition of either HIF-1α or NEDD4 protects against GM130 degradation and, thereby, rescues cells from Golgi condensation, which further increases apolipoprotein A1 secretion and lipid accumulation both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478 prevents Golgi condensation, which decreases lipid accumulation and promotes high-density lipoprotein secretion in high-fat-diet-fed mice. Overall, our results suggest that Golgi condensation plays a key role in lipid trafficking in the small intestine through the HIF-1α- and NEDD4-mediated degradation of GM130, and these findings highlight the possibility that the prevention of structural modifications in the Golgi apparatus can ameliorate intestinal lipid accumulation in obese individuals.
Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in oral and maxillofacial areas
Authors: Wang Qianting , Sun Jiayu , Jiang Haci , Yu Mengfei
Published: February 2025

The oral and maxillofacial region is a highly complex area composed of multiple tissue types and bears various critical functions of the human body. Diseases in this region pose significant diagnostic and management challenges; therefore, exploring new strategies for early diagnosis, targeted treatment, and tissue reconstruction is key to improving patient prognosis and quality of life. Extracellular vesicles are a group of heterogeneous lipid-bilayer membrane structures secreted by most cell types, including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Present in various body fluids and tissues, they act as messengers via the transfer of nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites to recipient cells. To date, studies have revealed the different roles of extracellular vesicles in physiological or pathological processes, as well as applications in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The importance and tissue specificity of the dental and maxillofacial tissues indicate that extracellular vesicles derived from this region are promising for further research. This paper reviews the published data on extracellular vesicles derived from cells, body fluids, and tissues in oral and maxillofacial regions, summarizes the latest advances in extracellular vesicles from extensive sources, and concludes with a focus on the current research progress and application prospects of engineered exosomes in oral science.
Enhanced ferroptosis sensitivity promotes the formation of highly myopic cataract via the DDR2-Hippo pathway
Authors: Guo Dongling , Du Yu , Liu Xin , Li Dan , Wei Ling , Zhu Xiangjia
Published: February 2025

Highly myopic cataract (HMC) is a leading cause of blindness among the working-age individuals, with its pathogenesis poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the role of ferroptosis in HMC development as well as the underlying mechanisms. In HMC lens epithelia, levels of Fe2+ and lipid peroxidation were found elevated, with increased vulnerability towards ferroptosis as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing of HMC lens epithelial samples identified up-regulated expression of discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (DDR2) as a key factor, which could enhance ferroptosis sensitivity via the Src-Hippo pathway. Specifically, DDR2 interacted with Src kinase, leading to the nuclear translocation of homologous transcriptional regulators (yes-associated protein 1 [YAP1] and WW domain containing transcription regulator 1 [WWTR1]) of the Hippo pathway, which altered the expression level of ferroptosis-related genes. Notably, highly myopic eyes of mice exhibited higher sensitivity to RSL3, a ferroptosis inducer, manifested as more severe nuclear lens opacities both in vitro and in vivo compared with the contralateral control eyes, which could be alleviated by inhibitors of either ferroptosis or DDR2. Altogether, these findings highlighted the role of DDR2 in mediating ferroptosis in HMC formation, providing a novel insight for therapeutic interventions.
A minimal gene set characterizes TIL specific for diverse tumor antigens across different cancer types
Authors: Zeng Zhen , Zhang Tianbei , Zhang Jiajia , Li Shuai , Connor Sydney , Zhang Boyang , Zhao Yimin , Wilson Jordan , Singh Dipika , Kulikauskas Rima , Church Candice D. , Pulliam Thomas H. , Jani Saumya , Nghiem Paul , Topalian Suzanne L. , Forde Patrick M. , Pardoll Drew M. , Ji Hongkai , Smith Kellie N.
Published: February 2025

Identifying tumor-specific T cell clones that mediate immunotherapy responses remains challenging. Mutation-associated neoantigen (MANA) -specific CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) have been shown to express high levels of CXCL13 and CD39 (ENTPD1), and low IL-7 receptor (IL7R) levels in many cancer types, but their collective relevance to T cell functionality has not been established. Here we present an integrative tool to identify MANA-specific TIL using weighted expression levels of these three genes in lung cancer and melanoma single-cell RNAseq datasets. Our three-gene “MANAscore” algorithm outperforms other RNAseq-based algorithms in identifying validated neoantigen-specific CD8+ clones, and accurately identifies TILs that recognize other classes of tumor antigens, including cancer testis antigens, endogenous retroviruses and viral oncogenes. Most of these TIL are characterized by a tissue resident memory gene expression program. Putative tumor-reactive cells (pTRC) identified via MANAscore in anti-PD-1-treated lung tumors had higher expression of checkpoint and cytotoxicity-related genes relative to putative non-tumor-reactive cells. pTRC in pathologically responding tumors showed distinguished gene expression patterns and trajectories. Collectively, we show that MANAscore is a robust tool that can greatly enrich candidate tumor-specific T cells and be used to understand the functional programming of tumor-reactive TIL.
Accelerating charge estimation in molecular dynamics simulations using physics-informed neural networks: corrosion applications
Authors: Venkatraman Aditya , Wilson Mark A. , Montes de Oca Zapiain David
Published: February 2025

Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are used to understand the effects of corrosion on metallic materials in salt brine. Reactive force fields in classical MD enable accurate modeling of bond formation and breakage in the aqueous medium and at the metal-electrolyte interface, while also facilitating dynamic partial charge equilibration. However, MD simulations are computationally intensive and unsuitable for modeling the long time scales characteristic of corrosive phenomena. To address this, we develop reduced-order machine learning models that provide accurate and efficient predictions of charge density in corrosive environments. Specifically, we use Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to forecast charge density evolution based on atomic environments represented by Smooth Overlap of Atomic Positions (SOAP) descriptors. A physics-informed loss function enforces charge neutrality and electronegativity equivalence. The atomic charges predicted by the deep learning model trained on this work were obtained two orders of magnitude faster than those from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, with an error of less than 3% compared to the MD-obtained charges, even in extrapolative scenarios, while adhering to physical constraints. This demonstrates the excellent accuracy, computational efficiency, and validity of the developed model. Lastly, even though developed for corrosion, these protocols are formulated in a phenomenon-agnostic manner, allowing application to various variable-charge interatomic potentials and related fields.
Fine-scale population structure and widespread conservation of genetic effect sizes between human groups across traits
Authors: Hu Sile , Ferreira Lino A. F. , Shi Sinan , Hellenthal Garrett , Marchini Jonathan , Lawson Daniel J. , Myers Simon R.
Published: February 2025

Understanding genetic differences between populations is essential for avoiding confounding in genome-wide association studies and improving polygenic score (PGS) portability. We developed a statistical pipeline to infer fine-scale Ancestry Components and applied it to UK Biobank data. Ancestry Components identify population structure not captured by widely used principal components, improving stratification correction for geographically correlated traits. To estimate the similarity of genetic effect sizes between groups, we developed ANCHOR, which estimates changes in the predictive power of an existing PGS in distinct local ancestry segments. ANCHOR infers highly similar (estimated correlation 0.98 ± 0.07) effect sizes between UK Biobank participants of African and European ancestry for 47 of 53 quantitative phenotypes, suggesting that gene–environment and gene–gene interactions do not play major roles in poor cross-ancestry PGS transferability for these traits in the United Kingdom, and providing optimism that shared causal mutations operate similarly in different populations.
A barley pan-transcriptome reveals layers of genotype-dependent transcriptional complexity
Authors: Guo Wenbin , Schreiber Miriam , Marosi Vanda B. , Bagnaresi Paolo , Jørgensen Morten Egevang , Braune Katarzyna B. , Chalmers Ken , Chapman Brett , Dang Viet , Dockter Christoph , Fiebig Anne , Fincher Geoffrey B. , Fricano Agostino , Fuller John , Haaning Allison , Haberer Georg , Himmelbach Axel , Jayakodi Murukarthick , Jia Yong , Kamal Nadia , Langridge Peter , Li Chengdao , Lu Qiongxian , Lux Thomas , Mascher Martin , Mayer Klaus F. X. , McCallum Nicola , Milne Linda , Muehlbauer Gary J. , Nielsen Martin T. S. , Padmarasu Sudharsan , Pedas Pai Rosager , Pillen Klaus , Pozniak Curtis , Rasmussen Magnus W. , Sato Kazuhiro , Schmutzer Thomas , Scholz Uwe , Schüler Danuta , Šimková Hana , Skadhauge Birgitte , Stein Nils , Thomsen Nina W. , Voss Cynthia , Wang Penghao , Wonneberger Ronja , Zhang Xiao-Qi , Zhang Guoping , Cattivelli Luigi , Spannagl Manuel , Bayer Micha , Simpson Craig , Zhang Runxuan , Waugh Robbie
Published: February 2025

A pan-transcriptome describes the transcriptional and post-transcriptional consequences of genome diversity from multiple individuals within a species. We developed a barley pan-transcriptome using 20 inbred genotypes representing domesticated barley diversity by generating and analyzing short- and long-read RNA-sequencing datasets from multiple tissues. To overcome single reference bias in transcript quantification, we constructed genotype-specific reference transcript datasets (RTDs) and integrated these into a linear pan-genome framework to create a pan-RTD, allowing transcript categorization as core, shell or cloud. Focusing on the core (expressed in all genotypes), we observed significant transcript abundance variation among tissues and between genotypes driven partly by RNA processing, gene copy number, structural rearrangements and conservation of promotor motifs. Network analyses revealed conserved co-expression module::tissue correlations and frequent functional diversification. To complement the pan-transcriptome, we constructed a comprehensive cultivar (cv.) Morex gene-expression atlas and illustrate how these combined datasets can be used to guide biological inquiry.
Potato starch quality in relation to the treatments and long-term storage of tubers
Authors: Brążkiewicz Katarzyna , Pobereżny Jarosław , Wszelaczyńska Elżbieta , Bogucka Bożena
Published: February 2025

Starch is the most important component of potato tubers, the structure and composition of which play a key role in their utilization as well as processing and storage. Potato seed treatment may play the biggest role in ensuring proper plant growth and development. Isolated starch from tubers of different potato varieties for food processing was evaluated immediately after harvesting and after long-term storage with consideration of different products for potato seed treatment. The quality of starch was evaluated in terms of starch grain size, total starch content, pH, starch stability after freezing, gelatinization temperature as well as phosphorus and amylose content. The varieties differed significantly in starch content and quality. The Beo variety had the highest starch content in dry tuber weight (77.8%) and the best starch quality characteristics (the lowest starch stability after freezing − 18.0% and highest gelatinization temperature − 64.0 ℃ onset and 68.4 ℃ end). Simultaneous treatment of tubers with Supporter and Moncut 460 SC contributed to the highest starch content in tubers (77.6% d. m.) as well as increasing its stability after freezing (20.8%) and decreasing its gelatinization temperatures (61.7 ℃ onset and 66.0 ℃ end). This may be due to the increased proportion of large starch grains and higher amylose and phosphorus content. A slight decrease in starch quality traits was shown after long-term storage of tubers. Maintaining constant conditions during storage along with the applied treatments contributed to this. It is recommended to use products for potato seed treatment in the production technology of potato for consumption and for starch production.
Cost-effective adsorption of cationic dyes using ZnO nanorods supported by orange peel-derived carbon
Authors: Abdelrazek Eman J. E. , Gahlan Ahmed A. , Gouda Gamal A. , Ahmed Abdelaal S. A.
Published: February 2025

Here, porous carbon (PC) and ZnO nanorods@PC (ZnO-NR@PC) composite derived from orange peel (OP) have been synthesized via a simple carbonization process. The prepared materials have been characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TEM, and BET analysis. The adsorptive properties of the prepared PC and ZnO-NR@PC composite have been investigated toward methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) cationic dyes from their aqueous solutions. The adsorption studies concluded that the maximum adsorption efficiency was achieved after 90 min in the basic conditions (pH = 10). Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R), and Temkin non-linear isotherm models were applied to fit the experimental data. The adsorption of MB and CV dyes by the OP is fitted with the Freundlich model, and the adsorption of both dyes by the PC and the ZnO-NR@PC composite fitted with the Langmuir model. The estimated maximum adsorption capacity estimated from the adsorption of MB and CV by the ZnO-NR@PC composite was 74.45 and 74.89 mg/g, respectively. The calculated adsorption free energy from D-R and Temkin models indicates the adsorption of MB, and CV dye molecules by the OP, PC, and ZnO-NR@PC composite may be physical. The kinetic studies revealed the adsorption of MB and CV dyes onto the OP, PC and ZnO-NR@PC composite fitted with the pseudo-second-order model. On the otherhand, the thermodynamic studies confirmed the adsorption of MB, and CV dyes onto ZnO-NR@PC composite is an endothermic and spontaneous process. Furthermore, the prepared materials displayed high adsorption stability with an overall removal efficiency of about 90% after five cycles. The mechanism of MB and CV dyes by the ZnO-NR@PC composite is proposed to be controlled by electrostatic bonding, π-π interactions, and ion exchange. The results indicated the potential ability of OP-derived porous carbons as adsorbents for cationic dyes from aqueous media.
Perovskite-driven solar C2 hydrocarbon synthesis from CO2
Authors: Andrei Virgil , Roh Inwhan , Lin Jia-An , Lee Joshua , Shan Yu , Lin Chung-Kuan , Shelton Steve , Reisner Erwin , Yang Peidong
Published: February 2025

Photoelectrochemistry (PEC) presents a direct pathway to solar fuel synthesis by integrating light absorption and catalysis into compact electrodes. Yet, PEC hydrocarbon production remains elusive due to high catalytic overpotentials and insufficient semiconductor photovoltage. Here we demonstrate ethane and ethylene synthesis by interfacing lead halide perovskite photoabsorbers with suitable copper nanoflower electrocatalysts. The resulting perovskite photocathodes attain a 9.8% Faradaic yield towards C2 hydrocarbon production at 0 V against the reversible hydrogen electrode. The catalyst and perovskite geometric surface areas strongly influence C2 photocathode selectivity, which indicates a role of local current density in product distribution. The thermodynamic limitations of water oxidation are overcome by coupling the photocathodes to Si nanowire photoanodes for glycerol oxidation. These unassisted perovskite–silicon PEC devices attain partial C2 hydrocarbon photocurrent densities of 155 µA cm−2, 200-fold higher than conventional perovskite–BiVO4 artificial leaves for water and CO2 splitting. These insights establish perovskite semiconductors as a versatile platform towards PEC multicarbon synthesis.
Dynamic land-plant carbon sources in marine sediments inferred from ancient DNA
Authors: Herzschuh Ulrike , Weiß Josefine Friederike , Stoof-Leichsenring Kathleen R. , Harms Lars , Nürnberg Dirk , Müller Juliane
Published: February 2025

Terrigenous organic matter in marine sediments is considered a significant long-term carbon sink, yet our knowledge regarding its source taxa is severely limited. Here, we leverage land-plant ancient DNA from six globally distributed marine sediment cores covering the Last Glacial–Holocene transition as a proxy for the share, burial rate, preservation, and composition of terrigenous organic matter. We show that the spatial and temporal plant composition as revealed by sedimentary ancient DNA records reflects mainly the vegetation dynamics of nearby continents as revealed by comparison with pollen from land archives. However, we also find indications of a global north-to-south translocation of sedimentary ancient DNA. We also find that plant sedimentary ancient DNA has a higher burial rate in samples from the Late Glacial, which is characterized by high runoff and mineral load. This study provides an approach to understanding the global linkages between the terrestrial and marine carbon cycle, highlighting the need for further research to quantify the processes of DNA preservation and dispersal in marine sediments.
Earthquake-based multi-hazard resilience assessment: a case study of Istanbul, Turkey (neighborhood level)
Authors: Ghaffarian Saman , Shafapourtehrany Mahyat , Lagap Umut , Batur Maryna , Özener Haluk , Kılcı Rıza Evren , Karaman Himmet
Published: February 2025

We developed a model integrating 28 criteria spanning social, economic, community, environmental, and physical dimensions to evaluate earthquake resilience of Istanbul, a city with a population of 16 million and significant seismic risk, at both district and subdistrict/neighborhood levels. The resilience assessment uses the Bayesian Best-Worst Method, a multi-criteria decision-making framework that combines expert knowledge and statistical assessments. The results reveal that Istanbul’s overall Resilience Score (RS) is 0.48, on a 0-1 scale, suggesting a moderate capacity to endure and recover from seismic events. Catalca, Adalar, and Arnavutkoy rank among the most resilient districts, whereas Esenler and Gungoren exhibit lower resilience. On a subdistrict level, Suleymaniye (Fatih) has the highest RS at 0.59, while Yavuz Sultan Selim (Fatih) ranks the lowest with 0.22. These findings provide actionable and practical data-driven insights for policymakers and urban planners, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to improve resilience in high-risk areas in Istanbul.
An AI-assisted morphoproteomic approach is a supportive tool in esophagitis-related precision medicine
Authors: Mattern Sven , Hollfoth Vanessa , Bag Eyyub , Ali Arslan , Riemenschneider Philip , Jarboui Mohamed A , Boldt Karsten , Sulyok Mihaly , Dickemann Anabel , Luibrand Julia , Fusco Stefano , Franz-Wachtel Mirita , Singer Kerstin , Goeppert Benjamin , Schilling Oliver , Malek Nisar , Fend Falko , Macek Boris , Ueffing Marius , Singer Stephan
Published: February 2025

Esophagitis is a frequent, but at the molecular level poorly characterized condition with diverse underlying etiologies and treatments. Correct diagnosis can be challenging due to partially overlapping histological features. By proteomic profiling of routine diagnostic FFPE biopsy specimens (n = 55) representing controls, Reflux- (GERD), Eosinophilic-(EoE), Crohn’s-(CD), Herpes simplex (HSV) and Candida (CA)-esophagitis by LC-MS/MS (DIA), we identified distinct signatures and functional networks (e.g. mitochondrial translation (EoE), immunoproteasome, complement and coagulations system (CD), ribosomal biogenesis (GERD)), and pathogen-specific proteins for HSV and CA. Moreover, combining these signatures with histological parameters in a machine learning model achieved high diagnostic accuracy (100% training set, 93.8% test set), and supported diagnostic decisions in borderline/challenging cases. Applied to a young patient representing a use case, the external GERD diagnosis could be revised to CD and ICAM1 was identified as highly abundant therapeutic target. This resulted in CyclosporinA as a personalized treatment recommendation by the local multidisciplinary molecular inflammation board. Our integrated AI-assisted morphoproteomic approach allows deeper insights in disease-specific molecular alterations and represents a promising tool in esophagitis-related precision medicine.
Calcium-mediated regulation of mitophagy: implications in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Borbolis Fivos , Ploumi Christina , Palikaras Konstantinos
Published: February 2025

Calcium signaling plays a pivotal role in diverse cellular processes through precise spatiotemporal regulation and interaction with effector proteins across distinct subcellular compartments. Mitochondria, in particular, act as central hubs for calcium buffering, orchestrating energy production, redox balance and apoptotic signaling, among others. While controlled mitochondrial calcium uptake supports ATP synthesis and metabolic regulation, excessive accumulation can trigger oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, and cell death. Emerging findings underscore the intricate interplay between calcium homeostasis and mitophagy, a selective type of autophagy for mitochondria elimination. Although the literature is still emerging, this review delves into the bidirectional relationship between calcium signaling and mitophagy pathways, providing compelling mechanistic insights. Furthermore, we discuss how disruptions in calcium homeostasis impair mitophagy, contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathogenesis of common neurodegenerative diseases.
Addressing myocardial infarction in South-Asian populations: risk factors and machine learning approaches
Authors: Rejeleene Rick , Chidambaram Vignesh , Chatrathi Meena , Kumar Amudha , Lu Emily , Pohlkamp Ryan , Murthi Mukunthan , Gautam Nitesh , Al’Aref Subhi , Xu Xiaowei , Mehta Jawahar L.
Published: February 2025

Cardiovascular diseases, especially myocardial infarction (MI), are an important and up-trending public health challenge in the South Asian population. With urbanization and economic development, there has been a rise in obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension in these regions, which, combined with genetic predisposition, create a unique cardiovascular risk profile among South Asians. Traditional risk assessment tools often underestimate the cardiovascular risk in South Asians due to a lack of phenotypic representation in their development. In this review, we explore the risk factors for MI in South Asians and highlight the potential role of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) in enhancing diagnostic and predictive accuracy. These ML algorithms, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and transformer-based models, show potential in analyzing complex information from clinical characteristics, electrocardiograms (ECG), and cardiac biomarkers while integrating multimodal data. We also explore the challenges in accessing high-quality datasets and enabling applicability in clinical settings. We believe that future research should focus on developing comprehensive cardiovascular risk scores that incorporate South Asian-specific risk factors and leverage advanced ML models to enhance risk prediction, diagnosis, and management.
Predicting drug combination response surfaces
Authors: Huusari Riikka , Wang Tianduanyi , Szedmak Sandor , Aittokallio Tero , Rousu Juho
Published: February 2025

Prediction of drug combination responses is a research question of growing importance for cancer and other complex diseases. Current machine learning approaches generally consider predicting either drug combination synergy summaries or single combination dose-response values, which fail to appropriately model the continuous nature of the underlying dose-response combination surface and can lead to inconsistencies when a synergy score or a dose-response matrix is reconstructed from separate predictions. We propose a novel prediction method, comboKR, that directly predicts the continuous drug combination response surface for a drug combination. The method is based on a powerful input–output kernel regression technique and functional modelling of the response surface. ComboKR belongs to the family of functional output regression methods, where the prediction target is a function, in our case, a non-linear parametric surface. Our method thus avoids predicting discretized forms of the target as scalars, vectors or matrices, and therefore provides better interpolation and extrapolation along the surfaces. As an important part of our approach, we develop a novel normalisation between response surfaces that standardises the heterogeneous experimental designs used to measure the dose-responses, and thus allows training the method with data measured in different laboratories. Our experiments on two predictive scenarios and using two combination datasets highlight the suitability of the proposed approach especially in the traditionally challenging setting of predicting combination responses for new drugs not available in the training data.
Nonthermal plasma integrated with catalysts for nitrogen fixation from nitrogen and water
Authors: Liu Yanna , Li Zhaofei , Song Hua
Published: February 2025

Nonthermal plasma (NTP) enables direct synthesis of NH3 and NOx from N2 and H2O at atmospheric pressure and low temperatures, offering a promising alternative to the Haber–Bosch process. Ni-SBA-15 enhances nitrogen fixation, deepening the understanding of plasma-catalytic mechanisms.
Electron-deficient two-dimensional poly(arylene vinylene) covalent organic frameworks: efficient synthesis and host–guest interaction
Authors: Waentig Albrecht L. , Li Xiaodong , Zhao Meng , Haldar Sattwick , Koko Philomene , Paasch Silvia , Mueller Alina , Alvarez Karen M. Garcia , Auras Florian , Brunner Eike , Schneemann Andreas , Huang Jia-Qi , Kaskel Stefan , Wang Mingchao , Feng Xinliang
Published: February 2025

Two electron-deficient crystalline 2D poly(arylene vinylene)s are developed to stabilize sulfur/polysulfide molecules with facilitated host–guest charge transfer, which contributes to enhanced lithium–sulfur battery performance.
Double-core nanothread formation from α-furil via a pressure-induced planarization pathway
Authors: Dunning Samuel G. , Hari Anirudh , Zhu Li , Chen Bo , Cody George D. , Romi Sebastiano , Zhang Dongzhou , Strobel Timothy A.
Published: February 2025

This work investigates the high-pressure behavior of α-furil. At ∼1.6 GPa α-furil transforms into the previously theorized trans-planar conformation before undergoing a Diels–Alder reaction to form chemically homogeneous “double-core” nanothreads.
“All-four-in-one”: a novel mercury tellurite–nitrate Hg3(TeO3)(Te3O7)(NO3)2 exhibiting exceptional optical anisotropy
Authors: Tang Ru-Ling , Lv Yi-Lei , Ma Liang , Miao Bing-Wei , Liu Wenlong , Guo Sheng-Ping
Published: February 2025

The novel mercury-based tellurite–nitrate Hg3(TeO3)(Te3O7)(NO3)2 possesses a unique [(Hg3Te4O10)2+]∞ layered structure and exhibits the highest birefringence in tellurite–nitrates.
Charge Transfer and Reaction Coordinate Construction based Theoretical Investigation of eNRR and HER on Cuboidal silver phosphate: A Tale of Two Competing Mechanisms
Authors: Mohanty Prajna Parimita , Das Tisita , Ahuja Rajeev , Chakraborty Sudip
Published: February 2025

We have performed systematic electronic structure calculations based on reaction coordinate construction and charge transfer analysis to explore the demarcation between two-competing mechanism: electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) and hydrogen...
Propagation of internal deformations in dense granular flows
Authors: Shekari Parisa , Rognon Pierre , Marks Benjy
Published: February 2025

This paper analyses how local deformation develops in dense granular flows.
Finding suitable biobased solvents for extractions from water
Authors: König Gerhard , Hauk Pascal , Gallou Fabrice
Published: February 2025

Solvent usage is one of the most critical factors for the carbon footprint of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, with profound consequences of an undesirable or sub-optimal selection.
Cutting-edge approaches for customizing sulfur cathode materials in sodium–sulfur batteries operating at ambient temperature
Authors: Khaire Pratik Shrinivas , Kumar Deepak , Mishra Kuldeep , Roy Anindita
Published: February 2025

Illustration of different approaches for tailoring sulfur cathodes for RT Na–S batteries.
Heterogeneous biocatalysis by magnetic nanoparticle immobilized biomass-degrading enzymes derived from microbial cultures
Authors: Gupta Mani , Bandyopadhyay Arghya , Sinha Sushant Kumar , Suksham  , Samanta Abhisek , Mondal Surajit , Bhattacharyya Sayan , Datta Supratim
Published: February 2025

The NTA–Ni@Fe3O4 NPs can capture enzymes from cell lysates and microbial culture media. We developed a model system to show the efficacy of immobilizing and recycling biomass-degrading enzymes known as cellulases.
A simple terephthalaldehyde-based AIE fluorescent probe for highly sensitive and selective detection of bisulphites in food samples
Authors: Li Wanmeng , Xiong Lingxiao , Wang Bo , Feng Guodong
Published: February 2025

This study presents a new terephthalaldehyde-based AIE fluorescent probe (FPB), which can detect HSO3− selectively through “turn-off” fluorescence responses in aqueous solution.
A luminescent coordination polymer constructed from fluorene-based bifunctional ligand for the selective detection of tetracyclines and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol
Authors: Wu Guiling , Dong Chuanzong , Liu Pinzhe , Zheng Chunyang
Published: February 2025

Taking simple fluorene as the starting material, a new flexible bifunctional “+” shape ligand H2L was synthesized in high yield through bromination, Michael addition, Ullmann and hydrolysis reaction. In addition,...
Correction: Chiral hydroxymethyl-1H,3H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]thiazoles: the search for selective p53-activating agents for colorectal cancer therapy
Authors: Hendrikx Mees M. , Pereira Adelino M. , Pereira Ana B. , Carvalho Carla S. C. , Ribeiro João L. P. , Soares Maria I. L. , Saraiva Lucília , Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D.
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Chiral hydroxymethyl-1H,3H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]thiazoles: the search for selective p53-activating agents for colorectal cancer therapy’ by Mees M. Hendrikx et al., RSC Med. Chem., 2024, 15, 1652–1663, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4MD00076E.
Advanced flexible supercapacitors: vertical 2D MoS2 and WS2 nanowalls on graphenated carbon nanotube cotton
Authors: Perişanoğlu Ufuk , Kavaz Perişanoğlu Esra , Kudaş Züleyha , Ekinci Duygu , Ismail Ismayadi , Gür Emre
Published: February 2025

Flexible supercapacitors (SCs), which are mostly produced from carbon-based materials, are emerging devices for lightweight, portable, miniaturized, and wearable electronic products.
It's written in the massive stars: The role of stellar physics in the formation of black holes
Authors: Laplace E. , Schneider F.R.N. , Podsiadlowski Ph.
Published: February 2025

In the age of gravitational-wave (GW) sources and newly discovered local black holes (BHs) and neutron stars (NSs), understanding the fate of stars is a key question. Not every massive star is expected to successfully explode as a supernova (SN) and leave behind a NS; some stars form BHs. The remnant left after core collapse depends on explosion physics but also on the final core structure, often summarized by the compactness parameter or iron core mass, where high values have been linked to BH formation. Several independent groups have reported similar patterns in these parameters as a function of mass, characterized by a prominent ``compactness peak'' followed by another peak at higher masses, pointing to a common underlying physical mechanism. Here, we investigate the origin of this pattern by computing detailed single-star models of 17 to 50 solar masses with MESA. We show that the timing and energetics of the last nuclear burning phases determine whether or not stars will reach a high final compactness and iron-core mass and will likely form BHs.
The first and second compactness increases originate from core carbon and neon burning, respectively, becoming neutrino dominated, which enhances the core contraction and ultimately increases the iron-core mass and compactness. An early core neon ignition during carbon burning, and an early silicon ignition during oxygen burning, both help counter the core contraction and decrease the final iron core mass and compactness. Shell mergers between C/Ne-burning and O-burning shells further decrease the compactness and we show that these mergers are due to an enhanced entropy production in those layers.
We find that the final structure of massive stars is not random but already ``written'' in their cores at core helium exhaustion, when the core structure is characterized by the central carbon mass fraction $X_ C $ and the CO core mass.
The same mechanisms determine the final structure of any star in this core mass range, including binary products; though binary interactions induce a systematical shift in the range of expected BH formation due to changes in $X_ C $. Finally, we discuss the role of uncertainties
in stellar physics and how to apply the findings presented here to studies of GW sources.
Freeform surfaces manufactured with a combination of ultra-fine grinding and plasma jet polishing
Authors: Müller Heike , Henkel Sebastian , Schulze Christian , Frank Samson , Bliedtner Jens , Arnold Thomas
Published: February 2025

In order to meet the increasing requirements of freeform production, a new process chain is presented that combines grinding with thermally induced plasma jet polishing. This is demonstrated by an example of a self-designed Alvarez lens geometry made of fused silica glass. A three-stage grinding process is applied, comprising coarse pre-shaping, fine freeform shape generation, and ultra-fine first surface smoothing. Grinding is performed using a 5-axis CNC machining process with spherical diamond grinding tools. After grinding, the surface quality is sufficient for subsequent plasma jet polishing, in terms of shape accuracy, mid-spatial frequency errors, and roughness. The surface shape is retained during polishing while simultaneously achieving a high surface quality and meeting the roughness requirements for optical applications. The requisite improvements to the grinding processes, as well as a parameter optimization for plasma jet polishing are presented. Moreover, the application of a convolution function, which describes plasma jet polishing theoretically, helps to reduce the number of samples necessary to optimize the process chain with respect to favorable transfer points, thereby perfectly linking the processes. The novel process chain offers a versatile and efficient approach for the fabrication of optical freeform surfaces with a final roughness of less than 0.5 nm.
The influence of heating sequence on deformation of steel plate in induction heating process
Authors: ZHANG Xuebiao , WANG Junqi , WANG Qiao
Published: February 2025

The line heating formation of a complex curved plate needs multiple heating lines. Heating sequence is an important factor of influence on the formation to obtain the curved surface plate of a particular shape. The paper uses the elastic-plastic inherent strain finite element model to study the overall deformation of a steel plate in different heating sequences. Meanwhile, it carries out experiments on the induction heating of two roll bending plates with multiple heating lines, using the heating sequence as the only variable. The difference in height between the calculation value and measurement value of the two plates meets the engineering application requirements. The elastic-plastic inherent strain finite element model can be used to calculate the deformation of the steel plate in different heating sequences. The three-dimensional surface location and hypothesis test analysis of data on difference between two steel plates show that the heating sequence of multiple heating lines has a significant effect on steel plate deformation.
Electromagnetic target detection model for unmanned aerial vehicle platforms based on Bayesian detection
Authors: DENG Wenjie , CHEN Song , WU Di , LIU Kaiyue , XU Ziliang , HE Runze
Published: February 2025

Existing models for target detection on unmanned aerial vehicle platforms largely rely on the Boolean perception model. However, aiming at electromagnetic radiation sources, the Boolean perception model fails to accurately reflect the propagation and detection characteristics of electromagnetic wave signals. To address this issue, this paper, grounded in the Bayesian signal detection theory and utilizing the distributional characteristics of antenna pattern diagrams, constructs an electromagnetic detection model for unmanned aerial vehicle platforms. The performance of the novel model is derived and analyzed under a scanning coverage search algorithm. Analytical and simulation results indicate that the proposed model effectively describes the process of electromagnetic target detection. In coverage search tasks, when the unmanned aerial vehicle is equipped with the KSHA-BJ32-10-NH antenna, the new model has a shorter range compared to the Boolean perception model, and the advantage of the new model becomes more pronounced as the search area expands. The increase in the required range for the unmanned aerial vehicle to complete the task is only 85.41% of that of the traditional Boolean model.
Die sportmedizinische Sprechstunde – über den Tellerrand der Funktionalität hinaus
Authors: Hetling Tanja
Published: February 2025

Treten bei Sportlerinnen gesundheitliche Beschwerden auf, betrachten viele Ärztinnen und Ärzte sie durch die Brille der traditionellen, von männlichen Sichtweisen geprägten Medizin. Aber Frauen sind keine „kleinen Männer“. Gesundheitliche Beschwerden können sich bei ihnen völlig anders darstellen, und auch bei der Behandlung muss man die Besonderheiten des weiblichen Stoffwechsels und Hormonhaushalts beachten. Ein fiktives Fallbeispiel.
Mütter mit Migrationshintergrund kennen Unterstützungsangebote vor
und nach der Geburt signifikant weniger als Mütter ohne Migrationshintergrund:
querschnittliche Erhebung in zwei Geburtskliniken
Authors: Selbertinger Benedikt , Rothfuß David , Hatzipanagiotou Maria , Köninger Angela , Apfelbacher Christian , Kabesch Michael , Brandstetter Susanne
Published: February 2025

Abhängig vom Migrationshintergrund galt es, Kenntnis von
Unterstützungsangeboten für die Zeit der Schwangerschaft und der ersten
Lebensjahre des Kindes zu beschreiben und zu analysieren.

Fragebögen wurden in 26 verschiedenen Sprachen angeboten. Mittels
Querschnittdesign wurden 641 Wöchnerinnen zur Kenntnis von 11 in der Region
verfügbaren Unterstützungsangeboten, der Informationsquelle bekannter
Angebote und zu weiteren potenziellen Informationsvermittlern befragt.
Mittels Median wurde gute und schlechte Kenntnis der Angebote
unterschieden.

Die Muttersprache von 30% der Befragten (n=194) war nicht Deutsch; diese
wurden für die Studie als „Mütter mit Migrationshintergrund“ definiert. Von
den Müttern mit Migrationshintergrund kannten 83% (n=161) die Hebamme als
Unterstützungsangebot. Die Bekanntheitsgrade der anderen
Unterstützungsangebote lagen mit<40% weit unter denjenigen der Mütter
ohne Migrationshintergrund. Frauen mit MH kannten die Unterstützungsangebote
signifikant seltener (OR 0,16, 95% KI 0,11 bis 0,23), auch wenn für weitere
soziodemographische Variablen kontrolliert wurde. Außerdem gaben sie
signifikant seltener an, ihre Informationen über die Angebote durch
Frauenärzt*innen, Hebammen, Verwandte/ Bekannte, oder Eigenrecherche
erhalten zu haben.

Kenntnisse zu Unterstützungsangeboten vor und nach der Geburt müssen vor
allem für Mütter mit Migrationshintergrund besser zugänglich werden.
Hebammen könnten dabei eine entscheidende Rolle spielen.
Die Krankenhausreform
Authors: Schaffert Reinhard
Published: February 2025

Viele Auswirkungen der neuen Gesetze bleiben für Kliniken unklar, bis die neue Regierung ihre Arbeit aufgenommen und noch fehlende Rechtsverordnungen nachgeholt hat. Trotzdem lohnt sich ein Blick in die Zukunft.
Künstliche Intelligenz in der Kinderpneumologie – Chancen und
unbeantwortete Fragen
Authors: Dramburg Stephanie
Published: February 2025

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) findet bereits Anwendung in den meisten medizinischen
Disziplinen, so auch in der pädiatrischen Pneumologie. Diese Übersichtsarbeit
beschreibt aktuelle Entwicklungen KI-gestützter Technologien und erörtert deren
Potenzial für die Diagnostik und Behandlung von Lungenerkrankungen im Kindes-
und Jugendalter. Das Spektrum reicht von Modellen zur Analyse von
Atemgeräuschen, über die automatisierte Auswertung medizinischer Bildgebung bis
hin zu Systemen zur Unterstützung klinischer Entscheidungen. Hierbei werden
insbesondere auch Herausforderungen bei der Anpassung von KI für pädiatrische
Bevölkerungsgruppen beschrieben. Schließlich werden offene Fragen,
beispielsweise zur Implementierung KI-basierter Software in den klinischen
Alltag erörtert.
Augmentation of the Ulnar Motor Nerve Repair with Anterior Interosseous Nerve in High Ulnar Nerve Palsy: Our Clinical Experience
Authors: Jith Gopika , Mahadik Kaushik , Suba Santanu , Giri Sanjay Kumar
Published: February 2025

Following proximal ulnar nerve repair, there will be a delay in innervating the distally placed intrinsic muscles of the hand, which can lead to irreversible damage to the intrinsic motor end plates. Supercharging with end-to-side anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) transfer can augment the results of nerve repair by babysitting the motor end plates and thus preventing its denervation. Recently, there have been discussions regarding whether AIN, which contains only 500 axons, can augment the ulnar motor branch, which contains approximately 1,500 axons. In one of our cases, electromyogram following surgery showed activity in the first dorsal interossei and abductor digiti minimi without any signs of reinnervation in the flexor carpi ulnaris. This may support the contribution of AIN in supplying the intrinsic muscles. Considering the low morbidity of the procedure and potential improvements in muscle strength, all patients undergoing ulnar nerve repair in high ulnar nerve palsies can be counseled to undergo an end-to-side AIN transfer.