bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive factors for myocardial infarction in pre-hospital emergency care
Authors: Ilczak Tomasz P , Ćwiertnia Michał , Kawecki Marek , Mikulska Monika , Waksmańska Wioletta , Rak Małgorzata , Bobiński Rafał
Published: January 2020

Background: Identifying predictive factors based on procedures carried out by emergency medical teams may speed up the diagnosis of AMI. By shortening the time between the onset of the pain and the initiation of coronary reperfusion, patient prognosis can be improved Methods: The study was conducted on residents of the Bielsko-Biała district, served by state ambulance service Medical Response Teams (MRT). The patients were assigned to the following groups: Group A (n = 338) - patients with chest pain in whom infarction with elevation of the ST segment (ST-ACS) was diagnosed on the basis of an ECG, Group B (n=300) - patients with chest pain in whom an infarction was not diagnosed. A factor structural test for the studied parameters was used to determine their significance. An odds ratio (OR) was established for statistically significant parameters, and multi-dimensional logistic regression analysis was conducted. The significance of the odds ratios (OR) was estimated for individual risk factors based on 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: It can be stated with 95% probability that the significant parameters: Male (p=0.00001), Age 51-70(p=0.00307), Breathing rate less than 12/min(p=0.02711), Pulse below 60 min (p=0.00165), Edemas (p=0.00075), Moist skin(p<0.01), Sinus rhythm (p=0.00004), Additional ventricular beats(p=0.00133) increase the risk of myocardial infraction. Conclusion: Identifying the predictors of myocardial infarction specific to pre-hospital emergency care is essential for improving the detection of AMI and shortening the time between calls to the MRT and the initiation of coronary reperfusion.
Efficacy of Parent-Infant-Psychotherapy with mothers with postpartum mental disorder: study protocol of the randomized controlled trial as part of the SKKIPPI project.
Authors: Mattheß Janna , Eckert Melanie , Richter Katharina , Koch Gabriele , Reinhold Thomas , Vienhues Petra , Berghöfer Anne , Roll Stephanie , Keil Thomas , Schlensog-Schuster Franziska , von Klitzing Kai , Ludwig-Körner Christiane , Kuchinke Lars
Published: January 2020

Background: After the birth of a child, many mothers and fathers experience postpartum mental disorders like depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, stress or other illnesses. This endangers the establishment of attachment between the children and their primary caregivers. Early problems in parent-child interaction can have adverse long-term effects on the family and the child’s well-being. In order to prevent a transgenerational transmission of mental disorders, it is necessary to evaluate psychotherapeutic interventions that target psychologically burdened parents of infants or toddlers. The aim of this trial is to investigate the efficacy of Parent-Infant-Psychotherapy (PIP) for mothers with postpartum mental disorder and their infants (0-12 month).Methods: In this open randomized controlled intervention trial 180 mother-infant dyads will be included and randomly allocated to 12 sessions of PIP or care as usual. The interventions take place either in inpatient adult psychiatric departments or in outpatient settings with home visits. The primary outcome is the maternal sensitivity assessed by the Sensitivity subscale of the Emotional Availability Scale (EAS) through videotaped dyadic play-interactions after 6 weeks. Secondary outcomes are maternal attachment (AAI) and reflective functioning, psychopathology, maternal stress, infant development and attachment after 6 weeks and 12 months. In addition, resource usage and associated costs will be measured. Discussion: There is increasing demand for well-controlled studies on psychotherapeutic interventions in the postpartum period that do not only focus on particular risk groups. This RCT represents one of the first studies to investigate the efficacy of PIP in inpatient psychiatric departments and outpatient care centres in Germany. The results will fill knowledge gaps on the factors contributing to symptom reduction in postpartum mental disorders and improvements in mother-child relationships and help developing preventive and therapeutic strategies for the fragmented German health care system.Trial registration: German Register for Clinical Trials: DRKS00016353.
Intravenous iron isomaltoside versus oral iron supplementation for treatment of iron deficiency in pregnancy: protocol for a randomised, comparative, open-label trial
Authors: Markova Veronika , Hansen Rebecka , Thomsen Lars Lykke , Pinborg Anja Bisgaard , Moos Torben , Holm Charlotte
Published: January 2020

Background: Iron deficiency is common in pregnancy. If left untreated iron deficiency can lead to iron deficiency anaemia. The prevalence of iron deficiency increases through the trimesters which means that women with iron deficiency in the beginning of pregnancy have a great risk of developing iron deficiency anaemia during pregnancy. Standard treatment is oral iron in individualized intensified doses based on screening values in 1st trimester. Maternal symptoms of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia include fatigue, reduced physical performance, and Restless Legs Syndrome. Severe anaemia may cause dizziness, dyspnea, palpitation, orthostatism, syncope and it decreases the woman’s ability to cope with blood loss during delivery. It may compromise contractility in the uterine musculature increasing the risk for prolonged labor, caesarean section and postpartum haemorrhage. Foetal iron deficiency may cause low birthweight and adversely affect foetal and early childhood brain development with long term deficits.Methods: In this randomised comparative, open-label, single-centre, phase IV trial, 200 pregnant women between 14 and 21 weeks of gestation, who have iron deficiency after 4 weeks of standard treatment will be randomised 1:1 to either a single 1000 milligram dose of intravenously administered ferric derisomaltose/iron isomaltoside 1000 or a fixed dose of 100 milligrams oral ferrous fumarate containing 60 milligrams ascorbic acid. The primary endpoint is to prevent iron deficiency anaemia defined by a low level of haemoglobin throughout the trial. Other endpoints include other haematological indices of iron deficiency and anaemia, clinical outcomes by questionnaires and collection of adverse events. Explorative endpoints by medical record follow-up include complications up to 7 days after delivery.Discussion: This trial will contribute evidence on how to prevent iron deficiency anaemia which is a condition related to maternal and neonatal morbidity. The trial population represents a clinical reality, where pregnant women often have sustained iron deficiency despite an increased oral iron dose. Thus, this evidence can be used to consider the optimal 2nd line of treatment in iron deficient pregnant women.Trial registration: This trial is registered 3 May 2017 in European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials Database: 2017-000776-29 and 15 June 2017 at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03188445.
Qualitative research of informal caregivers’ personal experiences caring for older adults with mental disorders in Lithuania: A phenomenological approach
Authors: Kontrimiene Ausrine , Sauseriene Jolanta , Blazeviciene Aurelija , Raila Gediminas , Jaruseviciene Lina
Published: January 2020

Background In many communities around the world, informal caregivers of older adults with mental disorders (such as dementia) represent an essential, yet often underappreciated, source of long-term care. The present study aimed to determine the personal experiences of such caregivers, which could be instrumental for developing means of improving the quality of care for both care receivers and their informal caregivers.Methods Five semi-structured focus-group discussions were held. The participants (n = 31) were all informal caregivers of older adults with mental disorders. The focus-group discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. An inductive approach was used, and thematic data analysis was applied.Results Four thematic categories were identified: learning caregiving through personal experience; implications of caregiving on social wellbeing; caregivers’ contradictory emotions regarding care delivery; and addressing challenges regarding care provision.Conclusions This study revealed, among the informal caregivers, a variety of experiences, contradicting feelings, and problem-solving strategies relating to the care of older adults with mental disorders. Becoming an effective caregiver involves professional and psychological development, but also requires a relevant educational background, a positive attitude, and a supportive environment. Caregiving largely impacts the emotional, physical, and social wellbeing of the person; thus, comprehensive approaches are needed to prevent burnout and associated social disadvantages.
Effects of pharmacist intervention on polypharmacy in patients with type 2 diabetes in Japan
Authors: Horii Takeshi , Atsuda Koichiro
Published: January 2020

Objective Investigation of polypharmacy in patients with type 2 diabetes revealed that the medications being administered according to the patient’s symptoms and complaints strongly contributed to polypharmacy. We explored the effects of clinical ward pharmacy service, which evaluated the need for symptomatic treatment, therefore minimizing polypharmacy by reducing inappropriate medications. Results The number of drugs [hospitalization vs. discharge: 9 (1-17) vs. 7 (1-16), P < 0.001] and rate of PP (hospitalization vs. discharge: 75.4% vs. 61.1%, P < 0.001) were significantly lower at discharge. Since hospital admission, the number of drugs increased (n = 6, 11%), remained unchanged (n = 15,28%), decreased by 1 drug (n = 4,8%), decreased by 2 drugs (n = 3,6%), and decreased by more than 2 drugs (n = 25,5%). Daily drug costs were significantly reduced (hospitalization vs. discharge: ＄8.3 vs. ＄6.1, P < 0.001).
Bradymonabacteria, a novel bacterial predator with versatile survival strategies in saline environments
Authors: Mu Da-Shuai , Wang Shuo , Liang Qi-Yun , Du Zhao-Zhong , Tian Renmao , Ouyang Yang , Wang Xin-Peng , Zhou Aifen , Gong Ya , Chen Guan-Jun , Nostrand Joy Van , Yang Yunfeng , Zhou Jizhong , Du Zongjun
Published: January 2020

Background: Bacterial predation is an important selective force for microbial community structure and dynamics. However, only a limited number of predatory bacteria were reported, and their predatory strategies and evolutionary adaption remain elusive. We recently isolated a novel group of bacterial predator, Bradymonabacteria, representative of the novel order Bradymonadales in δ-Proteobacteria. Compared with other bacterial predators (e.g. Myxococcales and Bdellovibrionales), the predatory and living strategies of Bradymonadales remain largely unknown.Results: Bradymonabacteria preyed on diverse bacteria but had a high preference on Bacteroidetes based on individual co-culture of Bradymonabacteria with 281 prey bacteria. Genomic analysis of 13 recently sequenced Bradymonabacteria indicated that these bacteria had conspicuous metabolic deficiencies, but they could synthesize many polymers, such as polyphosphate and polyhydroxyalkanoates. Dual-transcriptome analysis of co-culture of Bradymonabacteria and prey suggested the potential contact-dependent predation mechanism. Comparative genomic analysis with other 24 bacterial predators indicated Bradymonabacteria had different predatory and living strategies. Furthermore, we extracted Bradymonadales from 1552 public available 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing samples and found that Bradymonadales was widely distributed and highly abundant in saline environments. Phylogenetic analysis showed there may be six proposed subgroups for this order and each subgroup occupied a different habitat. Conclusions: Bradymonabacteria have unique living strategies, which are different from so-called “obligate” or “facultative” predators. We propose a framework to categorize the current bacterial predators into 3 groups: (i) highly prey-dependent predators, (ii) facultative prey-dependent predators, and (iii) prey-independent predators. Our findings provide an ecological and evolutionary framework for Bradymonadales and highlight their potential ecological roles in saline environments.
Ambulatory blood pressure is better associated with target organ damage than clinic blood pressure in patients with primary glomerular disease
Authors: wen ruowei , chen xiaoqiu , zhu ye , ke jianting , du yi , wang cheng
Published: January 2020

Background: Blood pressure is an important and modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) provides valuable prognostic information in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet little is known about the association of various types of BP measurements with target organ damage (TOD) in patients with primary glomerular disease. The goal of this study was to investigate whether ambulatory blood pressure is better associated with TOD than clinic blood pressure in patients with primary glomerular disease. Methods: 1178 patients with primary glomerular disease were recruited in this cross-sectional study. TOD were assessed by the following 4 parameters: left ventricular mass index (LVMI or LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR<60ml/min/1.73m 2 ), albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR≥30mg/g) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) or plaque. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between ambulatory or clinic systolic blood pressure (SBP) indexes and TOD. Results: Among 1178 patients (mean age, 39 years,54% men), 116, 458, 1031 and 251 patients had LVH, eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m 2 , ACR≥30mg/g and cIMT≥0.9mm or plaque respectively. Area under ROC curves for TOD in ambulatory SBP, especially nighttime SBP, was greater than that in clinic SBP ( P <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that 24h SBP, daytime SBP and nighttime SBP were significantly associated with LVH, eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m 2 and ACR≥30mg/g after adjustment for clinic SBP, while the association of clinic SBP was attenuated after further adjustment for nighttime SBP. Conclusions: Ambulatory blood pressure, especially nighttime blood pressure, is superior to clinic blood pressure in estimating TOD in patients with primary glomerular disease. Key Words: Ambulatory blood pressure, Clinic blood pressure, Target organ damage, Primary glomerular disease
Advanced stage ovarian cancer patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy suffered worse recurrence free survival
Authors: Wu Cailiang , Zhou Xuexin , Feng Yiwen , Miao Yi , Yang Ye , Zhou Long , Li Xing , Ji Xiaoning , Sang ZhenYu , Xu Wei , He Yinyan , Zhu Yaping , Bao Wei
Published: January 2020

Background Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has been applied for the treatment of patients with advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), fallopian tube cancer, and primary peritoneal cancer, as these patients have a low likelihood of achieving optimal debulking and are thus poor surgical candidates. Herein, we explore the effects of NACT and compare the surgical outcomes and recurrence data in patients who receive interval debulking surgery followed NACT(NACT-IDS) or primary debulking surgery(PDS). Methods A retrospective, single-center, observational study was conducted. Patients with advanced-stage EOC, fallopian tube cancer and primary peritoneal cancer who were treated with NACT or primary debulking surgery were enrolled. The effects of NACT as well as the surgical outcomes and recurrence data were compared between the NACT-IDS and PDS groups. Results The albumin level was elevated (42.61±3.46 g/L vs. 37.47±5.42 g/L, P=0.001) and the levels of CA12-5 and HE4 significantly decreased (P=0.002, 0.003) in patients after neoadjuvant courses. The operation time, amount of blood loss during surgery, rate of bowel resection, time to chemotherapy, and platinum-free interval were comparable between the two groups (P＞0.05). Recurrence-free survival was worse in the NACT-IDS group than in the PDS group (HR=2.406, 95% CI[1.024, 5.657]). Conclusion NACT improved the condition of advanced-stage patients, but a poor recurrence free survival rate was observed; thus, NACT should not be applied in non-selected patients.
Reasons and Objectives Integrating Press into the Curriculum: An Empirical Study
Authors: Sevillano García María Luisa
Published: January 2020

Our study is partly based on the UNESCO’ General Assemblies Recommendations, and its guidelines considered by many countries. Moreover, is based on the current legal Spanish regulations of the Ministry of Education and Culture relating the curricular integration of the communication media into teaching. The law does not ensure the results expected right away, but provides guidelines and stimulus to start the process with some guarantees. On the other hand, our study wants to answer to the new situation created by the massive expansion of communication media and new technologies, and also their uncontrolled effects and the necessity of relating teaching with the new realities. Motivation, didactic possibilities, relationship with the press among others is present when teachers start working with press, showing similar scores. More that half of teachers finds these new resources as feelings enhancers, what is new and very valuable. If this is true, we will be in front of a more humanist and humanizing model. Training of the global man is important, not only reasoning but also feelings. There is also post experiment evidence that press generates a creative attitude in students, and at the same time it provides them with new knowledge, which is very important. Because of these and other reasons there must be training for a new type of teacher that integrates media to attain new learning and new attitudes towards media and new knowledge without forgetting a critical and analytical attitude to design a new model of student.
Kakophonie und Selbstorganisation in der digitialen Agora
Authors: Geser Hans
Published: January 2020

Die – in jüngster Zeit immer deutlicher hervortretende – Doppelfunktion des Internets besteht darin, die politische Öffentlichkeit einerseits aus der traditionellen Dominanz «vermachteter» monologischer Abwärtskommunikation zu befreien und andererseits eine polyvalente Plattform zur Verfügung zu stellen, auf der alle Formen technisch gestützter Kommunikation ohne Medienbrüche prozessiert und ineinander übergeführt werden können. Dank zeitunabhängiger Verfügbarkeit aller Inhalte profiliert sich die Internet-Öffentlichkeit zudem durch eine historische Tiefendimension, die mit der kurzfristigen Aktualitätsorientierung der konventionellen Medien scharf kontrastiert. Der immensen Ausweitung niederschwelliger öffentlicher Partizipationschancen und (spontan-individuell bestimmter) interaktiver Horizontalkommunikationen stehen allerdings viel geringere Gewinne an kollektiver Organisations- und Aktionskapazität gegenüber, weil digitale politische Engagements vergleichsweise unverbindlich bleiben und weil im Stadium der Kampagne meist keine formalisierten Strukturen entstehen, wie sie für die nachfolgenden Stadien aktiver Konfliktaustragung und Politikrealisierung notwendig sind. Da traditionelle Eliten kaum an Onlinekommunikation teilnehmen, ist bisher keine integrierte Gesamtöffentlichkeit entstanden, die die Vorteile massenmedialer Diffusion und digitaler Kommunikation in sich vereinigt.
Editorial: Visuelle Kompetenz: Bilddidaktische Zugänge zum Umgang mit Fotografie
Authors: Hermann Thomas , Stiegler Bernd , Schlachetzki Sarah M.
Published: January 2020

Die Beiträge des Themenheftes 23 beleuchten, wie ein erweitertes Verständnis von Fotografie und fotografischer Praxis für die Partizipation an einer bildzentrierten Gesellschaft gefördert werden kann und, nicht zuletzt, wodurch eine solche Förderung begründet ist. ‹Visuelle Kompetenz› als Ermöglichung von Teilhabe überspannt ein weites Feld – drei Themenbereiche werden in diesem Heft fokussiert: Fotografiegeschichte als Lerngegenstand in Schule und Hochschule, fotopraktische (Forschungs-)Projekte als Explorationen medienpädagogischer Potenziale und schliesslich Dimensionen von Fotografie in Medien- und Kunstrezeption. Fotografien lesen, Bilder machen, sich ein Bild machen – die Beiträge des Themenheftes loten den Zusammenhang zwischen Bildrezeption, Bildproduktion und der Erschliessung dessen aus, was uns als Realität umgibt und im fotografischen ­Medium ‹ins Bild gesetzt› ist. Dass es einer Reflexion solcher Bildwerdungsprozesse bedarf, um die viel diskutierte Wirkmacht der Bilder oder ihre inflationäre Unsichtbarkeit kritisch zu hinterfragen, weisen die verschiedenen Zugänge zu Fotografie im breiteren Kontext pädagogischer Vermittlungsarbeit auf. Dabei ist es nicht die Absicht dieses Heftes, durch ausufernde Begriffserörterungen die Frage danach zu klären, was mit ‹Visueller Kompetenz› gemeint sein kann oder sollte. Vielmehr ergibt sich aus der Zusammensicht der hier versammelten Beiträge ein Überblick über die Bereiche, in denen bildorientierte Theorie- und Praxiskompetenz ihre Relevanz entfaltet.
Remake – Remodel: Bildverarbeitung als Weltverarbeitung in der Fotografie des 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Stiegler Bernd
Published: January 2020

Der Zweifel an der Evidenz der ontologisch-indexikalischen Referenz des fotografischen Bildes und das ausgerufene Ende des «fotografischen Zeitalters» (Wolf 2002 u. 2003) sind durchaus zeitgleiche, wenn auch nicht gänzlich neue und überraschende Phänomene. Selbst wenn es den Anschein haben mag, dass die Fotografie erst mit Aufkommen der digitalen Bildbearbeitungstechniken ihre indexikalische Verankerung in der Wirklichkeit verloren hat, die vorher ihr Bildprogramm nachdrücklich bestimmt hatte, so erweist sich die gesamte Geschichte der Fotografie als eine der bewussten Bildmanipulation. Sieben knappe Blitzlichter in die Geschichte der Fotografie, die pars pro toto Experimente und Regeln zeigen, mögen dies verdeutlichen (vgl. Fineman 2012). Sie sind programmatische Erkundungen einer Arbeit an der Fotografie, der es darauf ankam, mit dem neuen Medium zu spielen, seine Grenzen auszuloten und seine Möglichkeiten zu erkunden. Dabei sind Fragen einer Praxeologie der Fotografie mindestens ebenso wichtig wie jene nach ihrer Ontologie.
Visuelle Narreme und die Ästhetisierung des Politischen – Erinnerungskultur 2.0
Authors: Mitterhofer Hermann
Published: January 2020

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Analyse einer Webseite auf SPIEGEL-Online, die die Terroranschläge auf das World Trade Center am 11. September 2001 im Zuge des Erinnerns zehn Jahre später rekonstruiert. Ausgehend von einer Beschreibung der Diskursfragmente, die sich aus verschiedenen digitalen Archiven speisen, wird der Frage nachgegangen, um welche Art von Erinnerungsort es sich handelt. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die diskursive Struktur der Webseite einer Analyse unterzogen. Diese Analyse bildet den Ausgangspunkt einer Auseinandersetzung mit der Bedeutung der Diskursfragmente, insbesondere der Semantik der visuellen Elemente. Im Zentrum wird zunächst die Frage der inneren Struktur der Webseite stehen, die Anordnung der Bilder, die, so die These, einer narrativen Logik folgt. Im Weiteren wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Rolle die Ästhetisierung als Bedingung dafür spielt, dass bestimmte Pressefotografien zu politischen Ikonen gerinnen. Ein möglicherweise überraschender Effekt, der aus dem Spannungsfeld «Schlagbild» (Aby Warburg), Ästhetisierung und emotionaler Erinnerung erwachsen kann, vervollständigt den Beitrag.
Medienbildung in der Schule. Blinde Flecken und Spannungsfelder in einer Kultur der Digitalität
Authors: Schiefner-Rohs Mandy
Published: January 2020

Schule als medienpädagogisches Handlungsfeld ist schon lange im Fokus medienpädagogischer Forschung und Praxis. Die Notwendigkeit der Förderung von Medienkompetenz bei Schüler/innen konnte aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven untermauert werden: gesellschaftlich-soziale Begründungen wurden dabei ebenso ins Feld geführt wie berufsbezogene und pädagogische Argumente. Aufbauend auf diesen haben sich verschiedene Konzepte der Integration von digitalen Medien in der Schule etabliert. Wechselt man die Blickrichtung hin zum Medienhandeln, werden bereits hier erste blinde Flecken sichtbar: So fehlt beispielsweise die Auseinandersetzung mit der Frage, welche Auswirkungen das Handeln in Netzwerken, die sowohl global als auch transmedial agieren auf Gesellschaft, Kultur und Bildung hat. Zu analysieren wäre auch, welche kulturellen Veränderungen zu beobachten sind, wie Subjekte in (transmedialen) Netzen agieren und welche Folgen sich daraus für (medien-)pädagogisches Handeln insbesondere in Bildungsinstitutionen ergeben. Die bisherige Nicht-Bearbeitung dieser Felder zeigt, dass die meisten Diskurse um Medien in der Schule blinde Flecken aufweisen, da sie sich nur auf bestimmte Teile von Schule (nämlich Unterricht) beschränken. Weniger reflektiert wird Medialität für menschliche Kommunikations- und Bildungsprozesse und die Folgen einer Kultur der Digitalität für die Schule. Massnahmen zur Integration von Medien in Schule, die als Schulentwicklung gefasst werden, greifen zu kurz, wenn sie nicht die Relationierung von Schule in einer Kultur der Digitalität reflektieren. Damit erscheint es notwendig, ausgehend von gesellschaftlich-medialen Entwicklungen danach zu fragen, welche Implikationen diese für die Gestaltung von Schule haben. Unter Bezugnahme auf Felix Stalders Ausführungen zur Kultur der Digitalität werden blinde Flecken sowohl in der öffentlichen wie auch der medienpädagogischen Diskussion um digitale Medien in der Schule aufgezeigt.
Zur Rekonstruktion einer Typologie jugendlichen Medienhandelns gemäß dem Leitbild der Triangulation
Authors: Treumann Klaus Peter , Burkatzki Eckhard , Strotmann Mareike , Wegener Claudia
Published: January 2020

Die im Folgenden dargestellten Ergebnisse sind im Rahmen des von der DFG geförderten Forschungsprojekts „Eine Untersuchung zum Mediennutzungsverhalten 12- bis 20-Jähriger und zur Entwicklung von Medienkompetenz im Jugendalter“ entstanden, das gemeinsam von Klaus Peter Treumann, Uwe Sander und Dorothee Meister geleitet wird. Das Forschungsprojekt untersucht das Medienhandeln Jugendlicher sowohl hinsichtlich Neuer als auch alter Medien. Zum einen fragen wir dabei nach den Ausprägungen von Medienkompetenz in verschiedenen Dimensionen und zum anderen konzentrieren wir uns auf die Entwicklung einer empirisch fundierten Typologie jugendlichen Medienhandelns. Methodologisch ist die Untersuchung an dem Leitbild der Triangulation orientiert und kombiniert qualitative und quantitative Zugänge zum Forschungsfeld in Form von Gruppendiskussionen, leitfadengestützten Einzelinterviews und einer Repräsentativerhebung.
Jung und Alt im Dialog
Authors: Baetge Caroline
Published: January 2020

Rezension zu: Kupser, Thomas, und Ida Pöttinger, Hrsg. 2011. Mediale Brücken: Generationen im Dialog durch aktive Medienarbeit. Gesellschaft - Altern - Medien 3. München: kopaed.
Rezension zu Frank (2012): eLearning und Kompetenzentwicklung
Authors: Reinmann Gabi
Published: January 2020

Rezension zu: Frank, Stephen. 2012. eLearning und Kompetenzentwicklung: ein unterrichtsorientiertes didaktisches Modell. Bad Heilbrunn: Klinkhardt.
Digitale Subjekte
Authors: Bettinger Patrick
Published: January 2020

Rezension zu: Tanja Carstensen, Christina Schachtner, Heidi Schelhowe und Raphael Beer, Hrsg. Digitale Subjekte: Praktiken der Subjektivierung im Medienumbruch der Gegenwart. Bielefeld: transcript, 2013
Biyolojik Atık Nitrifikasyon Organizmasına Cu+2 Biyosorpsiyonu
Authors: ASLAN Şükrü , TOPÇU Uğur Şavaş
Published: January 2020

Laboratuvarda geliştirilen kuru atık biyolojik nitrifikasyon organizmasına (KANO), Cu+2 iyonlarının biyosorpsiyonu, sıcaklık, başlangıç Cu+2 derişimi, pH ve biyosorbent dozuna göre kesikli ünitelerde araştırılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalar ile elde edilen R2, qden ve qhes değerleri göz önüne alındığında, adsorpsiyon eşitliği, Cu+2 iyonlarının KANO’ya biyosorpsiyonu, tek kademe olarak belirtilen en iyi, Langmuir izotermi tarafından tanımlanmaktadır. Deneysel çalışmalarda belirlenen qe değeri, çözelti sıcaklığı arttıkça yükselirken, KANO yapısından sıcaklık ve pH’a bağlı olarak çözeltiye salınan organik madde ve NH4-N artmaktadır. KANO’ya en yüksek Cu+2 biyosorpsiyonu, başlangıç pH ve sıcaklığı olan 5,0 ve 55 °C’de olduğu belirlenmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlar, KANO’ya, Cu+2 biyosorpsiyonunun endotermik bir reaksiyon olduğunu göstermektedir. Sorpsiyon hızı için kinetik modeller, yalancı I. derece ve yalancı II. derece, partikül içi difüzyon, Elovich karşılaştırıldığında, adsorpsiyonun en iyi yalancı II. derece kinetik model tarafından tanımlandığını göstermektedir. ΔG° değeri sıcaklık arttıkça azalmaktadır. Bu durum adsorpsiyon sürecinin Gibbs enerjisinin artmasını sağlamaktadır. Negatif ΔG° değeri, KANO üzerine Cu+2 biyosorpsiyonunun uygulanabilir olduğu anlamına gelmektedir.
Problem of radon exposure in energy-efficient buildings: a review
Authors: Yarmoshenko Ilya V. , Malinovsky Georgy P. , Onishchenko Aleksandra D. , Vasilyev Aleksey V.
Published: January 2020

The paper presents an overview of the international scientific and technical publications on a problem of radon accumulation in new energy efficient buildings and in houses reconstructed according to requirements of energy saving. Energy efficiency is an important requirement of the environmentally sustainable development. Housing and communal services have significant potential for energy saving. In Russia, the construction of highest energy efficiency classes buildings occurs at an accelerated rate and reached 75% of all multiapartment houses built in 2017. The applying of modern technologies that reduce heat loss is accompanied by a decrease in the air exchange rate, which leads to deterioration of indoor air quality, in particular, the accumulation of radon. In the international literature, there are examples of the several times growth of radon concentration after the reconstruction of the building, the average radon concentration in retrofitted buildings increased by 22–120%. In new houses built to meet energy saving requirements, there can also be a significant increase in radon concentration compared to low-energy efficiency classes houses. Excess of sanitary and hygienic norms was found in some countries, including Russia. Radon exposure of dwellers of energy-efficient buildings is largely determined by the living habits. Based on the review data, it can be assumed that the average level of Russian population exposure to radon can increase under conditions of intensive construction of energy-efficient buildings.
Estimation of the equivalent dose rate of gamma radiation in the open territory of the city of Voronezh
Authors: Chubirko Mikhail I. , Klepikov Oleg V. , Kurolap Semen A. , Kuzmichev Maksim K. , Studenikina Ekaterina M.
Published: January 2020

The aim of the study was to identify patterns of distribution of the magnitude of the the equivalent dose rate of gamma radiation in an open area of urban space, depending on the functional purpose of the inner-city territory and the type of artificial coating. Materials and methods. Measurements of the equivalent dose rate of gamma radiation (gamma background) in the city of Voronezh were carried out at 70 points, conventionally classified by functional use (industrial area, transport area, residential area, recreational area), as well as the type of coverage in open areas (granite stone blocks , asphalt pavement, paving slabs, open ground) For carrying out radiation monitoring, a highly sensitive portable search device was used – a search measuring gauge microprocessor ICP-PM1401MA. To assess the reliability of differences in the average values of the indicator by functional inner-city zones and types of artificial turf, the methods of parametric statistics (Student’s criterion) are used. Parametric methods of statistics in comparison with nonparametric methods allow statistically unambiguous interpretation of the results. There is no need to use other statistical tools in this regard. Results. The results of the evaluation of the radiation background show that the equivalent dose rate of gamma radiation (gamma background) in the city of Voronezh is from 0.06 to 0.14 µSv / h and it does not exceed the permissible value (0.3 µSv / h). Significant differences in the average values of indicators in the industrial, transport, residential functional areas in relation to the recreational area were not found (tcalc. < ttabl., P < 0.05). The maximum levels of gamma background (0.09-0.14 µSv / h) in the territory of the city of Voronezh were found in those places where processed natural stones (granite) were used for the improvement of the territory. When solving the problem of identifying the dependence of the indicator of the equivalent dose rate of gamma radiation in an open area of an inner-city space on the type of coating, in order to reduce uncertainties in the future, it is necessary to take into account the formulation of materials, especially the fraction of granite chips.
La disposición de residuos peligrosos en la frontera norte de México: El caso de Baja California
Authors: Castillo Ponce Ramón A. , Camargo Negrete Gustavo , Rodríguez Espinosa María de Lourdes
Published: January 2020

En este documento se realiza una evaluación de los determinantes de la disposición de residuos peligrosos hacia Estados Unidos. El objeto de estudio se refiere a empresas ubicadas en el estado de Baja California y considera el periodo 2008–2010. El análisis se lleva a cabo por medio de la estimación de dos especificaciones econométricas. La primera consiste en un modelo de datos truncados en el espíritu de Tobit. La segunda plantea un modelo probabilístico. Los resultados del primer modelo indican que el tamaño, la ubicación y el origen de la empresa influyen sobre la cantidad de residuos que se envían. Específicamente, los envíos exhiben un incremento cuando las empresas son de gran tamaño, se ubican en el municipio de Tijuana y son de origen extranjero. Por otro lado, a partir del segundo modelo se establece que una depreciación del peso resulta en un aumento en la probabilidad de envío, ello muy posiblemente debido a una mejora en el entorno productivo de la zona fronteriza.
Hacia una mayor comprensión del empoderamiento: Las vendedoras ambulantes mixtecas en Tijuana y la participación del Estado
Authors: Niño Contreras Lya
Published: January 2020

La migración indígena femenina hacia ciudades del norte de México, sin perder de vista los conflictos presentes del proceso, generalmente es concebida como un sujeto activo en los lugares de destino, donde las relaciones de poder y la resignificación de la cultura en el nuevo contexto desempeñan un papel fundamental. El propósito es analizar las relaciones de poder de las vendedoras ambulantes mixtecas concretamente en el espacio público; para lo anterior, se analiza el caso de interfaz: las mujeres y el Estado. Nos basamos en una concepción de poder fluida, multidireccional y relacional, donde no hay figuras “poderosas” a priori ni externas a las relaciones sociales, y donde el ejercicio del poder implique ejercerlo y cederlo a la vez (Villarreal, 1994, 2000); Así como en una concepción donde el capital social se genere en las relaciones sociales y se negocie. Lo anterior permitirá desmitificar la idea de que el poder y el empoderamiento son lineales y visualizar a las mujeres mixtecas como sujetos capaces de ejercer poder.
HYPOZETES ANDREII (ACARI, ORIBATIDA, TEGORIBATIDAE), A NEW SPECIES OF ORIBATID MITES FROM SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Ermilov Sergey G. , Hugo-Coetzee Elizabeth , Khaustov Alexander A. , Kontschán Jenő
Published: January 2020

A new oribatid mite species of the genus Hypozetes (Oribatida, Tegoribatidae) is described from soil in South Africa. Hypozetes andreii sp. n. differs from all other representatives of the genus by the presence of heavily and densely porose body surface. Distribution data of the new species are presented.
A NEW GENUS AND A NEW SPECIES OF THE FAMILY PYGMEPHORIDAE (ACARI: HETEROSTIGMATA) FROM WESTERN SIBERIA, RUSSIA
Authors: Khaustov Alexander A.
Published: January 2020

Phoretic and non-phoretic females of a new genus and a new species of pygmephorid mites—Bochkovlaster variabilis gen. n. and sp. n. (Acari: Prostigmata: Pygmephoridae), collected from rotting birch trees—are described from Western Siberia, Russia. An updated key to the genera of Pygmephoridae is provided.
A NEW SPECIES OF GAEOLAELAPS EVANS AND TILL (MESOSTIGMATA: LAELAPIDAE) FROM ZANZIBAR
Authors: Joharchi Omid , Khaustov Alexander A. , Ermilov Sergey G.
Published: January 2020

A new mite species of the genus Gaeolaelaps (Laelapidae) collected from soil-litter in Zanzibar, Tanzania, is described and illustrated based on morphological characters of adult females. Gaeolaelaps bochkovi sp. n. has the unusual character state of a three-tined palp tarsal apotele.
The main approaches to the definition of the international courts’ competence
Authors: Klyuchnikov Andrew Yu.
Published: January 2020

The rules on the competence of international courts determine the nature of the cases they resolve and the conditions for their admission to proceedings. The possibility composition of the court considers each case individually following the principle of jurisdiction to decide the jurisdiction due to the lack of a clear regulatory framework. Each international court of justice, relying on the international law, is solely competent to resolve doubts as to its own jurisdiction. This study aims to identify the approach of courts to solving jurisdictional problems in practice. The material for the study includes the cases of international courts, doctrinal comments, and legal positions of prominent researchers of international justice. The author describes the basic interpretative framework procedure, restraint, activism in the justification, and the lack of personal jurisdiction. Thus, if the international court of justice has no confidence in the existence of competence on the subject of the dispute, it will not take measures to justify it. The brevity of the position on the issue will be due to interpretative restraint. Activism arises when the international court of justice seeks to achieve a procedural result, substantiate the rationality of the result of interpretation or the impossibility of achieving it. Science has not resolved the issue of factors that may affect the limits of interpretation by international courts of their own competence.
Information support of economic security risk management of an enterprise
Authors: Azarskaya Maya A. , Pozdeev Valery L.
Published: January 2020

Enterprises are an important component of the economic development of the state as they provide not only employment, but also the GDP of the country. In the recent years, the economic situation has become more complicated, which determines the negative social and economic results of the development of enterprises in the real sector of the economy. This has caused numerous studies in the field of economic security of enterprises. However, most of the researchers have not yet come to a unanimous agreement on these issues, including the conceptual apparatus and the content of the economic security of the enterprise. The issues related to threats to economic security receive more attention, unlike risk management.
The authors emphasize that the risks of economic processes should become a prerequisite for economic security. Identification of risks and their further neutralization can lead enterprises on the way of safe development. Yet proper risk management requires appropriate information support. The authors have allocated four key components of information support for an enterprise: accountancy, analysis, control, and audit. Each of them is described providing the input, intermediate, and output information that corresponds to the system approach of researching the economic phenomena. It has allowed characterizing risks of economic safety of an enterprise in the context of components for information support. The results show the relationship between the risks of economic security and threats to an enterprise. The authors specify directions of the further researches within the limits of considered questions.
Tufan Betimlemesi ve Sanattaki Yansımalarından Örnekler
Authors: Kubat Leyla
Published: January 2020

Mitoloji bilinmeyen bir zamanda ve
yerde yaşanan, olağanüstü varlıklar ve olayların anlatımıdır. Manevi dünyayı ve
dış dünya ile ilişkileri de yansıtmaktadır. İnsanın varoluşundan bugüne kadar
bazı büyük olaylar meydana gelmiştir. Heraklitus, Platon
ve Aristoteles, geçmişte
insanlığın uğradığı en büyük olayları su ve ateş felaketleri olarak ifade
etmişlerdir. Su bazen yaradılışın ilk aşaması, bazen insanların
cezalandırılması olarak kabul edilir. Aristo’ya göre sanatçı, gerçekten olanı
değil, olabilir olanı, yani, rastlantı ve mümkün olabileni anlatandır demiştir.
Olan ve olabilir olan en büyük olaylardan su ile ilgili olan tufan efsanesi,
mitolojinin, dinin ve sanatın olağanüstü özellikler taşıyan konusu olmuştur.
Tufan’ın meydana gelmesi neden ve sonuçları irdelendiğinde, olağan ve sosyal
nitelikler içermektedir. Tufan mitleri, bölgelere özgü anlatımlar içerse de
genellikle bölgesel olmaktan çok bütün dünyayı etkileyen bir olay olarak
anlatılmıştır. Tufan facialara neden olurken, düzene ve inanca meydan
okumaktadır. Kültürel ve dinsel bir nitelik taşıyan Tufan’ın birçok psikolojik,
sosyolojik, dini, tarihi ve sanatsal yansımalarının olması da kaçınılmazdır. Bu
olayları ele alan sanat dalları, farklı anlatım araçlarını kullanarak dinsel,
ahlaki ve politik mesajıyla toplumu ve evrenin minimal temsilini yansılayan bir
araca dönüşmüştür. İnsanın inanışa, doğaüstüne, ruhani olana, hayal gücüne
bağlılığı hep olacaktır. Toplumsal
devamlılığı sağlayan mitoloji, felsefenin ön temsili gibi görünse de kendisini
ifade ettiği en güçlü alan sanattır. Edebiyat ve sanat dünyasında tufan daha
çok kavram olarak kullanılmıştır.  Çok
sayıda çağdaş roman ve filme konu olmuştur. İnsanın doğaya karşı üstün olduğu
düşüncesi ve üstün davranışını ele almaktadır. Tufan mitolojisi sanatta, çok
sık bir şekilde kullanmıştır, sanatçılar bu kaynaktan beslenmişlerdir. Bu
çalışmada, sanata kaynaklık eden ve sanattın farklı dallarında konu alınan
tufan efsanesi farklı kültürlerde görülmesi ve sanata dönemi bakımından önem
arz eden örneklerle anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Ankara’da Ulaşım Sistemlerinin Altında Kalan Dereler: Bentderesi Örneği
Authors: Yılmaz Mehtap , Yalçıner Ercoşkun Özge
Published: January 2020

Ankara dereleri Cumhuriyet Döneminden günümüze kadar olan süreçte hızlı nüfus artışı ile birlikte ulaşım ve altyapı hizmetlerine olan taleplerin artması doğrultusunda yok edilmiştir. Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında, köylerden kente göçler artmış ve dereler etrafında hızla gecekondular yayılmıştır. Artan altyapı ihtiyacı karşılanamayınca evsel ve sanayi atıkları derelere verilmeye başlanmış ve dereler açık kanalizasyon hatları haline gelmiştir. Bu duruma bir çözüm üretilememiş ve dereler beton menfezler içine alınmıştır. Günümüzde trafik ve altyapı ihtiyacı bu derelere gömülü durumdadır, dereler trafiği taşıyan kanallara dönüştürülmüştür. Yoğun kentsel yapılaşma ile derelerin günümüzde, kentin hangi güzergâhında ilerlediklerini tespit etmek güç durumdadır. Fakat doğal yatağı bozulan derelerin bazılarının isimleri caddelere verilmiştir. Geçmişte beton menfezler içerisine alınan dereler, günümüzde ulaşım altyapısı ve üstyapısını tehdit etmekte, menfezler içinde akan derelerin ne durumda olduğunu tahmin etmek imkânsızdır. Günümüzde Ankara genelindeki yollarda, altgeçitlerde, katlı kavşaklarda, bazı kamu kuruluşlarında ve metro istasyonlarında meydana gelen seller tesadüfi değildir. Ankara kentinde ulaşım ve çevre ilişkisi iyi kurgulanamamış, eş zamanlı olarak birbirine zarar veren iki kavram haline dönüştürülmüştür. Ankara’nın kayıp derelerini keşfedilmesi, tekrar gün yüzüne çıkarılması ve bugünkü ulaşım sistemleri ile birlikte düşünülerek dere restorasyon projelerinin gerçekleştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu araştırmanın asıl amacı ise ulaşım sistemleri için Ankara’nın doğal değeri olan derelerinin yok edilişini ortaya koymak ve Ankara’nın üzeri kapatılan ilk deresi olan Bent Deresi’nin geçmişteki ve bugünkü kullanımlarını çevreye olan etkileriyle karşılaştırmaktır. Bu karşılaştırmada arşiv kaynaklarına başvurulmuş, Ankara’nın şehir planları ve haritaları, eski fotoğraf arşivleri, gazete haberleri ve hava fotoğrafları kullanılarak derenin bugünkü durumu tartışılmış ve öneriler sunulmuştur.
The Effects of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Mental Disorders: A Review on Depression, Anxiety, Alzheimer, and Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Ansari Fereshteh , Pourjafar Hadi , Tabrizi Aydin , Homayouni Aziz
Published: January 2020

Background:

Probiotics and their nutrient sources (prebiotics) have been shown to have
positive effects on different organs of the host. The idea of their potential benefits on Central Nervous
Systems (CNS) and the incidence of Anxiety, Schizophrenia, Alzheimer, Depression, Autism, and other
mental disorders has proposed a new category of medicines called “psychobiotic” which is hoped to
be of low-side effect anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and anti-anxiety constitutes.

Objective:

In the current review, we present valuable insights into the complicated interactions between
the GI microbiota (especially in the colon), brain, immune and central nervous systems and provide
a summary of the main findings of the effects of pro- and prebiotics on important mental disorders
from the potential mechanisms of action to their application in clinical practice.

Methods:

Google Scholar, Pub Med, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were searched using following
key words: “probiotics”, “prebiotics”, “mental disorders”, “psychological disorders”, “depression”,
“anxiety”, “stress”, “Alzheimer” and “autism spectrum”. The full text of potentially eligible
studies was retrieved and assessed in detail by the reviewers. Data were extracted and then summarized
from the selected papers.

Results:

The results of the provided evidence suggest that probiotic and prebiotics might improve mental
function via several mechanisms. The beneficial effects of their application in Depression, Anxiety,
Alzheimer and autism spectrum diseases have also been supported in clinical studies.

Conclusion:

Pro and prebiotics can improve mental health and psychological function and can be offered
as new medicines for common mental disorders, however, more clinical studies are necessary to
conduct regarding the clinical significance of the effects and their bioequivalence or superiority against
current treatments.