bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indian Household Balance Sheet: Accounting issues and wealth estimation
Authors: Malhotra Akash
Published: May 2020

This paper presents a novel estimate of Indian household balance sheet (HBS) starting from 1970-71 to 2017-18 and studies the evolution of Indian household finance in an international context.
O efeito da impulsividade, autoaversão e autocompaixão nos traços borderline na adolescência: Estudo das diferenças entre sexos
Authors: Carreiras Diogo , Castilho Paula , Marina Cunha
Published: May 2020

Contexto: A adolescência é uma etapa desenvolvimental com mudanças biológicas, psicológicas e sociais que irão influenciar o funcionamento na idade adulta. A investigação em torno das Perturbações da Personalidade, e em particular da Perturbação Borderline da Personalidade (PBP), tem cada vez mais investido no estudo de traços disfuncionais e inflexíveis em idades precoces, uma vez que é claro que uma Perturbação da Personalidade não se manifesta apenas subitamente na idade adulta. Existe uma trajetória desenvolvimental que deve ser melhor compreendida e explorada. Objetivo: Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o contributo de processos e mecanismos psicológicos, como a impulsividade, autoaversão e autocompaixão, para a compreensão dos traços borderline na adolescência. Método: Este estudo tem um desenho transversal e uma amostra constituída por 440 adolescentes da população geral (278 raparigas e 162 rapazes), com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e os 17 anos. Com recurso ao SPSS, realizaram-se testes t para amostras independentes, correlações de Pearson e regressões lineares. Resultados: As raparigas, quando comparadas com os rapazes, apresentaram níveis mais elevados de autoaversão, depressão e traços borderline e níveis mais baixos de autocompaixão. Os modelos de regressão hierárquica para testar o poder preditivo da impulsividade, autoaversão e autocompaixão nos traços borderline foram significativos, explicando 46% da variância dos traços borderline em rapazes e 58% nas raparigas, controlando o efeito da depressão. Enquanto que nas raparigas, todas as variáveis apresentaram um contributo significativo (depressão, impulsividade, autocompaixão e autoaversão), nos rapazes apenas a depressão, impulsividade e autocompaixão revelaram poder preditivo. Conclusões: Os dados desta investigação salientam variáveis essenciais para compreender os traços borderline em adolescentes, bem como as diferenças nesses mecanismos psicológicos entre raparigas e rapazes, tendo significativas implicações para a investigação e, sobretudo, para a prática clínica e prevenção.
Customer Satisfaction of a Hotel’s Food and Beverage Services
Authors: Garpeza Zaidee D. , Amparado Mauro Allan Padua
Published: May 2020

This study determined the satisfaction of customers on the food and beverage services of a hotel in Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines. The study ascertained the profile of the customers and their satisfaction in terms of product, environment, and people.This descriptive-correlational study utilized purposive sampling. There were 300 respondents surveyed in the study. The research setting was Amo’s Café, Alpa City Suites, Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines. Statistical treatment used were simple percentage, sum of ranks, weighted mean, and multiple regression.Majority of the respondents were male, less than 34 years old, Asians, Roman Catholic, walk-in clients, and dined in the café with business-related transactions. The respondents were very satisfied with the aspects of product and environment. However, the aspect of people was rated satisfactory. Origin/nationality had a significant relationship with the level of satisfaction. This result also showed a low correlation.For management to gain the trust of customers and maintain customer satisfaction, higher standards of knowledge and skills for the service staff should be strongly developed through a comprehensive training. Recommended citation: Garpeza, Z. D. & Amparado, M. A. P. (2015, March). Customer Satisfaction of a Hotel’s Food and Beverage Services. Paper presented at the 2015 University of Cebu Research Congress, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines, 9(1), 21.
Cultural Life: Theory and Empirical Testing
Authors: Baciu Dan Costa
Published: May 2020

"What is life?" and Erwin Schrödinger's answer, "negative entropy", inspired researchers in the 20th century to unite physics, chemistry, and physiology into a new synthesis that many believe to be an important foundation for life science today. Decades after Schrödinger, life scientists are still fascinated by the riddle that entropy can only accumulate in physical systems, which often leads to biological deterioration, but life finds ways to persist and prevail. So to say, life "negates" entropy through other, equally physical processes. Can this fascination and research concept be broadened even further to human culture? Short after Schrödinger's publication, Claude Shannon coined the term "information entropy." Information entropy accumulates when noise interferes during communication. Yet, from this observation, something surprising can be inferred. Cultural life and biological life have something in common: Both cultural and biological life persists and prevails in spite of entropic processes. Does this insight mean that cultural life also negates entropy in Schrödinger's sense? These questions guided me over several years of research, during which I developed and tested a new theory of culture based on variation-selection processes and homeostatic regulation. My contribution is to discover that these two processes not only explain how biological systems negate entropy. They also explain some of the most important phenomena of cultural life: waves of fashion, polarization, diversification, cycles of growth and reform, and the formation of common ethos across entire bodies of knowledge. With access to big data and supercomputing, I tested my theory against hundreds of thousands of news, magazines, books, and TV transcripts, as well as textual content collected from the social media. Historical, institutional, and geographical information was extracted from these data using a new method; and new interactive tools were created to interpret the results. What should not be missed when reading this article is that the theory proposed here reveals a striking equivalence between nature and culture. The article states this equivalence in mathematical terms, and it traces its roots back to the most relevant context in the history of science. The mathematical breakthrough is relevant because it aligns the humanities to science while also allowing for live evaluation of what I call "cultural diversification cycles."
CMI Computing: A Cloud, MANET, and Internet of Things Integration for Future Internet
Authors: Alam Tanweer
Published: May 2020

The wireless communication is making it easier for smart devices to communicate with one another in terms of the network of the Internet of Things. Smart devices are automatically linked and built up a network on their own. But there are more obstacles to safe access within the network itself. Mobile devices such as smart home automation access point, smart washing machines, mobile boards, temperature sensors, color-changing smart lighting, smartphones, wearable devices, and smart appliances, etc. are widespread in our daily lives and is becoming valuable tools with wireless communication abilities that are using specific wireless standards that are commonly used with IEEE 802.11 access points. On the realism of the Internet, security has been perceived as a prominent inhibitor of embracing the cloud paradigm. It is resource storage and management that may lay in any since the cloud environment is a distributed architecture, which place of the world, many concerns have been raised over its vulnerabilities, security threats and challenges. The involvement of various parties has widened these concerns based on each party's perspective and objective. The Cloud point of view we mainly discuss the causes of obstacles and challenges related to security, reliability, privacy, and service availability. The wireless communication Security has been raised as one of the most critical issues of cloud computing where resolving such an issue would result in constant growth in the cloud’s use and popularity. Our purpose of this study is to create a framework of mobile ad hoc network mobility model using cloud computing for providing secure communication among smart devices network for the internet of things in 5G heterogeneous networks. Our main contribution links a new methodology for providing secure communication on the internet of smart devices in 5G. Our methodology uses the correct and efficient simulation of the desired study and can be implemented in a framework of the Internet of Things in 5G.
The Social Neuroscience of Prejudice
Authors: Amodio David , Cikara Mina
Published: May 2020

In this article, we present what has been learned so far from the social neuroscience of prejudice. In the following sections, we describe research on how people perceive groups and categorize their members, how prejudice is learned and represented in the mind, how it relates to judgment, perception, emotion, and behavior, and how its effects may be regulated. Rather than provide an exhaustive list of findings, we take a step back and ask: what has the neuroscience approach revealed, so far, about the psychology of prejudice? In each section, we discuss key social neuroscience findings, consider interpretational challenges and connections with the behavioral literature, and highlight how they advance psychological theories of prejudice.
Interaction with Context During Recurrent Neural Network Sentence Processing
Authors: Davis Forrest , van Schijndel Marten
Published: May 2020

Syntactic ambiguities in isolated sentences can lead to increased difficulty in incremental sentence processing, a phenomenon known as a garden-path effect. This difficulty, however, can be alleviated for humans when they are presented with supporting discourse contexts. We tested whether recurrent neural network (RNN) language models (LMs) could learn linguistic representations that are similarly influenced by discourse context. RNN LMs have been claimed to learn a variety of syntactic constructions. However, recent work has suggested that pragmatically conditioned syntactic phenomena are not acquired by RNNs. In comparing model behavior to human behavior, we show that our models can, in fact, learn pragmatic constraints that alleviate garden-path effects given the correct training and testing conditions. This suggests that some aspects of linguistically relevant pragmatic knowledge can be learned from distributional information alone.
Decoding Eye Movements in Cross-Situational Word Learning via Tensor Component Analysis
Authors: Amatuni Andrei , Yu Chen
Published: May 2020

Statistical learning is an active process wherein information is actively selected from the learning environment. As current information is integrated with existing knowledge, it shapes attention in subsequent learning, placing biases on which new information will be sampled. One statistical learning task that has been studied recently is cross-situational word learning (CSL). In CSL, statistical learners are able to learn the correct mappings between novel visual objects and spoken labels after watching sequences where the two are paired together in referentially ambiguous contexts. In the present paper, we use a computational method called Tensor Component Analysis (TCA) to analyze real-time gaze data collected from a set of CSL studies. We applied TCA to learners' gaze data in order to derive latent variables related to real-time statistical learning and to examine how selective attention is organized in time. Our method allows us to address two specific questions: a) the similarity in attention behavior across strong vs. weak learners as well as across learned vs. not-learned items and b) how the structure of attention relates to word learning. We measured learners' knowledge of label-object pairs at the end of a training session, and show that their real-time gaze data can be used to predict item-level learning outcomes as well as decode pretrained item knowledge.
Postpartum Depression and Mother-offspring Conflict over Maternal Investment
Authors: Gunst Annika , Sundén My , Korja Riikka , Boddy Amy , Kotler Jennifer , Paavonen E. Juulia , Uusitupa Henna-Maria , Karlsson Linnea , Karlsson Hasse , Antfolk Jan
Published: May 2020

Background and objectives: As the mother-offspring relationship is central to human reproduction, postpartum depression symptoms are difficult to explain in evolutionary terms. We proposed that postpartum depression might arise as a result of evolutionary mother-offspring conflict over maternal investment, and investigated the association between postpartum depression symptoms, infant night waking, maternal sleep disturbance and breastfeeding frequency. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using survey responses at six months postpartum from 1598 Finnish mothers. We hypothesized that infant night waking at six months postpartum would be associated with postpartum depression symptoms, and that this association would be mediated by maternal sleep disturbance and a higher breastfeeding frequency.Results: Infant night waking was moderately associated with postpartum depression symptoms, and this association was mediated by maternal sleep disturbance (R2 = .09). Contrary to our prediction, we found that increased breastfeeding was associated with less postpartum depression symptoms. Conclusions and implications: We conclude that postpartum depression symptoms might partly be the result of increased maternal fatigue stemming from high offspring demands on maternal investment, but that this is not due to the metabolic strain from increased breastfeeding. Studying postpartum depression from the mother-offspring conflict perspective can potentially improve our understanding of the involved behavioral processes of both mother and offspring, and allow interventions designed to benefit the well-being of both parties.
UNSW Face Test: A screening tool for super-recognizers
Authors: Dunn James Daniel , Summersby Stephanie , Towler Alice , Davis Josh P , White David
Published: May 2020

We present a new test – the UNSW Face Test (www.unswfacetest.com) – that has been specifically designed to screen for super-recognizers in large online cohorts and is available free for scientific use. Super-recognizers are people that demonstrate sustained performance in the very top percentiles in tests of face identification ability. Because they represent a small proportion of the population, screening large online cohorts is an important tool for their initial recruitment, before completing confirmatory testing via standardized measures and more detailed cognitive testing. We provide normative data on the test from 3 cohorts tested via the internet (combined n = 23,902) and 2 cohorts tested in our lab (combined n = 182). The UNSW Face Test: (i) captures both identification memory and perceptual matching, as confirmed by correlations with existing tests of these abilities; (ii) captures face-specific perceptual and memorial abilities, as confirmed by non-significant correlations with non-face object processing tasks; (iii) enables researchers to apply stricter selection criteria than other available tests, which boosts the average accuracy of the individuals selected in subsequent testing. Together, these properties make the test uniquely suited to screening for super-recognizers in large online cohorts.
Quantifying smartphone ‘use’: Choice of measurement impacts relationships between ‘usage’ and health
Authors: Shaw Heather , Ellis David Alexander , Geyer Kris , Davidson Brittany I , Ziegler Fenja V , Smith Alice
Published: May 2020

Problematic smartphone scales and duration estimates of use dominate research that considers the impact of smartphones on people and society. However, issues with conceptualisation and subsequent measurement can obscure genuine associations between technology use and health. Here, we consider whether different ways of measuring ‘smartphone use’, notably through problematic smartphone usage (PSU) scales, subjective estimates, or objective logs, leads to contrasting associations between mental and physical health. Across two samples including iPhone (n=199) and Android (n=46) users, we observed that measuring smartphone interactions with PSU scales produced larger associations between mental health when compared with subjective estimates or objective logs. Notably, the size of the relationship was fourfold in Study 1, and almost three times as large in Study 2 when relying on a smartphone ‘addiction’ scale instead of objective measures. Further, in regression models, only smartphone ‘addiction’ scores predicted mental health outcomes, whereas objective logs or estimates were not significant predictors. We conclude that addressing people’s appraisals including worries about their technology usage is likely to have greater mental health benefits than reducing their overall smartphone use. Reducing general smartphone use should therefore not be a priority for public health interventions at this time.
Revenge of the Experts: Will COVID-19 Renew or Diminish Public Trust in Science?
Authors: Aksoy Cevat Giray , Eichengreen Barry , Saka Orkun
Published: May 2020

An effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is sometimes suggested, will be to reverse the secular trend toward questioning the value of scientific research and expertise. We analyze this hypothesis by examining how exposure to previous epidemics affected the confidence of individuals in science and scientists. Consistent with theory and evidence that attitudes are durably formed when individuals are in their impressionable years between the ages of 18 and 25, we focus on people who were exposed to epidemics in their country of residence at this stage of the life course. Combining data from a 2018 Wellcome Trust survey of more than 70,000 individuals in 160 countries with data on global epidemics since 1970, we show that such exposure has no impact on views of science as an endeavor or on opinions of whether the study of disease is properly an aspect of science, but that it significantly reduces confidence in scientists and the benefits of their work. These findings are robust to a variety of controls, empirical methods and sensitivity checks. We suggest some implications for how scientific findings are communicated and for how scientists seeking to inform and influence public opinion should position themselves in the public sphere.
The Identity of Logic and the World in terms of Quantum Information
Authors: Penchev Vasil Dinev
Published: May 2020

One can construct a mapping between Hilbert space and the class of all logics if the latter is defined as the set of all well-orderings of some relevant set (or class). That mapping can be further interpreted as a mapping of all states of all quantum systems, on the one hand, and all logics, on the other hand. The collection of all states of all quantum systems is equivalent to the world (the universe) as a whole. Thus that mapping establishes a fundamentally philosophical correspondence between the physical world and universal logic by the meditation of a special and fundamental structure, that of Hilbert space, and therefore, between quantum mechanics and logic by mathematics. Furthermore, Hilbert space can be interpreted as the free variable of "quantum information" and any point in it, as a value of the same variable as "bound" already axiom of choice.
Addressing Public Health Emergencies via Facebook Surveys: Advantages, Challenges, and Practical Considerations
Authors: Grow André , Perrotta Daniela , Del Fava Emanuele , Cimentada Jorge , Rampazzo Francesco , Gil-Clavel Soﬁa , Zagheni Emilio
Published: May 2020

Surveys of the general population can provide crucial information for designing effective non-pharmaceutical interventions to tackle public health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, conducting such surveys can be difficult, especially when timely data collection is required. In this paper, we discuss our experiences with using targeted Facebook advertising campaigns to address these difficulties in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe central advantages, challenges, and practical considerations. This includes a discussion of potential sources of bias and how they can be addressed.
From LiveJournal with Love: A Comparative Analysis of Russia’s Domestic and International Disinformation Campaigns
Authors: Sylvia J.J.
Published: May 2020

This article compares and contrasts the use of disinformation by the Russian government domestically and internationally, with a particular emphasis on the role of the blogging platform LiveJournal in shaping these practices. The case study draws on sociopolitical and sociotechnical frameworks, tracing the key historical, social, technical, and legal characteristics that have led to Russia’s successful use of disinformation and computational propaganda. This analysis demonstrates that LiveJournal played a key role in the pattern of disinformation deployed first against Russian citizens and then expanded internationally. In understanding this success, Russia has been able to transform its own domestic legal frameworks in order to prevent both citizens and outsiders from leveraging similar tactics within the country. By better understanding the role of LiveJournal in this history, it is possible to develop a deeper understanding of current active measures in Russia’s information warfare.
Moral Religiosities: How Morality Structures Religious Understandings during the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Rotolo Michael
Published: May 2020

Religiosity remains an important sociological concept, from assessing religion’s effects on various outcomes to describing large-scale religious change. And yet conceptualizing religiosity—as a measure of intensity of religious practice—requires accounting for how respondents understand religious practice. Drawing on four waves of longitudinal interview data from the National Study of Youth and Religion (NSYR), this paper examines the religious understandings of young Americans as they develop over ten years. I find that respondents’ religious understandings are shaped by deeper moral orientations that broadly structure their lives. From these moral orientations, I theorize four ideal types of religious practitioners that help explain complex patterns of religiosity in America—the Congregant, the Believer, the Spiritualist, and the Metaphysician. Recognizing the moral orders that structure young Americans’ religious understandings opens new pathways for theorizing religion’s influence and change over time.
Popular Reactions to Coordination Problems under External Threats
Authors: Garmendia Amuitz , Alfonso Sandra León
Published: May 2020

Exogenous threats pose a formidable coordination challenge to federations, as they compel governments at all levels to cooperate to prevent a collective risk. As the vertical fragmentation of powers complicates a coordinated response, we here argue that the central government becomes the focal point of the solution. In search of a more effective response against the threat, citizens coordinate their preferences around the centralization of authority boundaries in the federation. We test this argument using an on-line survey experiment in Spain, a country where the threat caused by COVID-19 has operated on top of non-negligible internal threats. The empirical analysis shows that exposure to vertical coordination failures prompt citizens to support a centralized redrawing of authority boundaries, though this effect is importantly conditioned by respondents’ ideology and territorial preferences. Our findings suggest that shocks may represent turning points for the stability of federations, as citizens demands for a redrawing of authority might be followed by beneficial or opportunistic adjustments of authority.
Leaf-litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics of five selected tropical tree species
Authors: Bhattarai S. , Bhatta B.
Published: May 2020

Leaf-litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems has a major role in recycling the nutrients to the soil. Nutrient dynamics is the way nutrients cycle in an ecosystem. The present study was conducted for five selected tropical tree species viz. Shorea robusta, Ficus hookeri, Mallotus philippensis, Artocarpus lakoocha and Dillenia pentagyna at Hetauda, Makawanpur. This paper aims to determine the litter decomposition rate-constant and nutrient mineralization pattern of the selected species. The litter-bag method was used to assess the decomposition and nutrient dynamics for one year. Both decomposition rate-constant and weight loss were highest for M. philippensis (% weight loss = 73.49; k = 0.33) and lowest for S. robusta (% weight loss = 54.01; k = 0.18). In general, weight remaining showed a strong negative correlation with N and P concentration but a slightly negative with K. However, the remaining weight of litter showed a strong positive correlation with C : N ratio, thus indicating a good predictor of mass loss and mineralization. The study showed that there was no net release of nitrogen during the one-year study period; however, the net P release was found to be highest for S. robusta followed by D. pentagyna and the net K release was highest in F. hookeri followed by A. lakoocha.
Caregiver–provider communication after resection of pediatric brain tumors
Authors: Cutillo Alexandra , Zimmerman Kathrin , Davies Susan , Madan-Swain Avi , Landier Wendy , Arynchyna Anastasia , Rocque Brandon G.
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

Because caregivers are a crucial part of a child’s medical care, it is important to understand how to best communicate with them during hospitalization. Qualitative research can elucidate the best strategies for effective parent–provider communication. This study aims to reveal communication styles of neurosurgery team members, and to identify areas for improvement in the future.

METHODS

Caregivers of children with a newly diagnosed brain tumor requiring neurosurgery were enrolled during their child’s hospitalization. During routine follow-up clinic visits within 3 months after diagnosis and tumor resection, caregivers participated in a semistructured interview, which assessed the quality of communication with the neurosurgery and oncology teams during hospitalization. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded for common themes until thematic saturation was reached.

RESULTS

During caregiver interviews (N = 22), several domains were discussed including communicating the diagnosis to the patient and siblings, to the rest of the family/support network, and with the neurosurgery team. Regarding parent–neurosurgeon communication, 82% of caregivers identified at least one positive aspect and 55% identified at least one negative aspect of communication. Caregivers who provided positive feedback appreciated that their neurosurgeon was thorough (73%), direct (27%), or compassionate (14%). They also valued when providers would speak “on my level” (18%) and would speak directly to the patient (27%). In terms of negative feedback, caregivers identified miscommunications (32%), discussing the diagnosis in front of the child before feeling prepared to do so (14%), and a lack of clarity about expectations, medications, or treatment (32%).

CONCLUSIONS

These data provide specific ways in which neurosurgery providers have communicated effectively with caregivers and identify areas for improvement. Results have been used to develop a navigator-led intervention geared toward improving parent–provider communication during hospitalization for resection of a brain tumor.
Uso de REA como estrategia para aprender ingles desde los estilos de aprendizaje
Authors: Parra Cera Viviana , Simancas Gamarra Rafael , Granados Ospina Adriana
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo describe como el aprendizaje del idioma inglés se puede fortalecer teniendo en cuenta los estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, mediado por los Recursos Educativos Abiertos (REA). Teniendo en cuenta que cada persona utiliza un canal de percepción sensorial predominante al momento de recibir la información, el cual puede ser visual, auditivo o Kinestésico (VAK)).  Y reconociendo a los Recursos Educativos Abiertos (REA), como herramientas tecnológicas de libre acceso que permiten seleccionar de internet los materiales educativos en la enseñanza del inglés que se identifiquen con los estilos y la preferencia de aprendizaje de los estudiantes objeto de estudio.
Evaluación de políticas de inclusión en institución educativa del distrito especial de Barranquilla
Authors: Carrillo Castro Sonia Patricia , Meza Restrepo Nadis
Published: May 2020

La presente investigación se definió como estudio cualitativo de caso y tiene como objetivo describir, comprender y construir un sentido acerca de la dinámica de la política de inclusión de Niños con Necesidades Educativas Especiales en la Básica Primaria del Colegio Distrital Murillo. Para la fundamentación se partió de los referentes teóricos del construccionismo social, la teoría de la acción razonada, la teoría de la modularización de Annette Karmiloff Smith y de los enfoques de desarrollo humano de Almonte y Montt. Metodológicamente, se desarrollaron dos técnicas para la recolección de datos: Una Caracterización y un Grupo de discusión, los cuales se aplicaron a directivos, docentes, padres de familia y estudiantes. Los resultados indican que la política de inclusión en la Institución Educativa citada no hace parte del acervo representacional y reproductivo de la comunidad educativa.
Sputnik’s Children: History of the Major Work Program in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Schools, 1954–1972
Authors: Sorin Reesa
Published: May 2020

Set in the context of the Cold War, the space race, and the 1957 Soviet launch of the Sputnik satellite, interest in gifted education, which had waned in the years leading up to the Second World War, was once again reignited in Canadian education. North America looked to its human capital, particularly in the areas of mathematics, science, and engineering to keep up with the Soviets. Departments of education in Canada and the United States prioritized the identification and nurturing of the “best and brightest” students for the sake of the nation. The Major Work program in Winnipeg, which began in 1954 and ended rather abruptly in 1972, seventeen years before the end of the Cold War, was one of many gifted programs introduced in Canada and the United States in an attempt to address the supposed innovation gap with the Soviet Union. This article looks at the rise of Winnipeg’s Major Work program in the 1950s, when society-centred rhetoric replaced earlier child-centred rhetoric and then itself was overridden by the 1970s social, economic, and political reforms, which again tended towards child-centred, integrated education.
GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 TENTANG MANAJEMEN DIABETES MELITUS
Authors: J Ahmad
Published: May 2020

Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 merupakan penyakit kronis yang banyak diderita oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Kurangnya pengetahuan terhadap manajemen penyakit diabetes melitus dapat meningkatkan terjadinya komplikasi yang lebih buruk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 terhadap manajemen diabetes melitus. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analitik dengan melibatkan 80 orang sampel. Hasil yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini ditemukan sebanyak 56,2% pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang manajemen diabetes melitus dan 43,8% memiliki keyakinan yang kurang terhadap manajemen diabetes melitus. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagian besar pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 sudah memiliki keyakinan yang baik terhadap manajemen diabetes melitus.Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 merupakan penyakit kronis yang banyak diderita oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Kurangnya pengetahuan terhadap manajemen penyakit diabetes melitus dapat meningkatkan terjadinya komplikasi yang lebih buruk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 terhadap manajemen diabetes melitus. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analitik dengan melibatkan 80 orang sampel. Hasil yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini ditemukan sebanyak 56,2% pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang manajemen diabetes melitus dan 43,8% memiliki keyakinan yang kurang terhadap manajemen diabetes melitus. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagian besar pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 sudah memiliki keyakinan yang baik terhadap manajemen diabetes melitus.
PERBEDAAN KADAR KOLESTEROL DAN TRIGLISERIDA SERUM DARI DARAH YANG DIBEKUKAN SEBELUM DISENTRIFUS DAN YANG LANGSUNG DISENTRIFUS
Authors: Nuradi Nuradi , Jangga Jangga , Isma Faedatul
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi dari kenyataan di lapangan saat pemeriksaan kimia klinik terdapat perbedaan dalam memperlakukan sampel darah, setelah mendapatkan sampel darah vena, darah langsung disentrifus tanpa dibekukan terlebih dahulu dengan maksud untuk mempersingkat waktu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar kolesterol dan trigliserida serum dari darah yang dibekukan sebelum disentrifus dan yang langsung disentrifus. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat observasi laboratorik, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 20 sampel. Penelitian dilakukan pada tanggal 04 - 15 Maret 2019 di Laboratorium RSUD Massenrempulu Enrekang. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh hasil pemeriksaan kolesterol dengan nilai t hitung (24,3961) > t tabel (2,093), berarti ada perbedaan bermakna kadar kolesterol serum dari darah yang dibekukan sebelum disentrifus dan yang langsung disentrifus. Dan pemeriksaan trigliserida dengan nilai t hitung (22,5573) > t tabel (2,093), berarti ada perbedaan bermakna kadar trigliserida serum dari darah yang dibekukan sebelum disentrifus dan yang langsung disentrifus. Kata Kunci : Dibekukan , Kadar Kolesterol, Kadar Trigliserida
FUNGSI SEKSUAL WANITA YANG TELAH MENIKAH DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Mariany Mariany , Nasrudin Nasrudin , Syamsuddin Saidah
Published: May 2020

Disfungsi seksual didefinisikan sebagai gangguan siklus respons seksual atau rasa nyeri saat melakukan hubungan seksual. Adapun penyebabnya adalah faktor biologik, psikologik dan interpersonal. Penyebab biologik berupa gangguan fisik, penyakit dan efek samping obat-obatan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran fungsi seksual wanita yang telah menikah di Kota Makassar. Subjek pada penelitian adalah wanita yang telah menikah berjumlah 50 orang yang dipilih melalui teknik consecutive sampling. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional.. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah wanita yang mengalami disfungsi seksual sebanyak 26 orang (52%). Subjek yang mengalami disfungsi seksual mayoritas pada kelompok umur 20-30 tahun (61,5%), pendidikan SMA (42,3%), memiliki pekerjaan sebagai ibu rumah tangga (80,7%), memiliki anak 2 orang (53,8%), menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal (61,5%), dan telah menikah selama 3 tahun (77%). Saran bagi wanita yang telah menikah agar menjalin komunikasi yang baik dengan suami termasuk mengkomunikasikan aktifitas seksual mereka dan mengurangi dampak dari stres dengan melakukan rekreasi bersama keluarga diakhir pekan. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya, agar melakukan penelitian pada sampel yang lebih besar serta mengukur kadar hormonal subjek penelitian. Kata kunci : Fungsi seksual wanita, wanita yang telah menikah
Qualitative and activities tests of acetogenin compound from soursop seeds extract (Annona muricata L) as rice weevil insecticide (Sitophylus oryzae L)
Authors: Fitri Ade , Sari Yolanda , Nurjanna Anggun , Astuti Astuti
Published: May 2020

Kutu beras (Sitophylus oryzae L), merupakan salah satu jenis hama gudang yang banyak merusak persediaan beras di tempat penyimpanan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan tanaman biji sirsak (Annona muricata L.) atau family Annonaceae yang meiliki kandungan senyawa acetogenin dan bersifat sebagai insektisida. Insektisida merupakan salah satu jenis pestisida berdasarkan organisme yang dapat membunuh serangga maupun hama. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengekstraksi senyawa acetogenin dari biji sirsak adalah metode maserasi. Pada uji FT-IR ekstrak biji sirsak diperoleh senyawa acetogenin dari golongan alkaloid yang di tandai dengan adanya gugus OH pada panjang gelombang 3469.94, pada panjang gelombang 2854.65 adanya gugus alkana C-H, pada panjang gelombang 1745.58 adanya gugus aldehid, keton, asam karbosilat dan ester ( C=O), pada panjang gelombang 1643.35 ditandai dengan adanya gugus alkena ( C=C), pada panjang gelombang 1539.20 ditandai dengan senyawa nitrogen ( NO2), pada panjang gelombang 1460.11 – 723.31 didapatkan senyawa alkana ( C-H).  Pada uji FT-IR serbuk biji sirsak ditandai dengan adanya panjang gelombang 3415.93 ditandai  dengan gugus amina, amida ( N-H ), panjang gelombang 2924.09 ditandai dengan gugus alkana (C-H), panjang gelombang 1745.58 – 1647.21 ditandai dengan gugus aldehid, keton, asam karbosilat dan eseter (C=O), panjang gelombang 1541.12 ditandai dengan gugus senyawa nitrogen (NO2), panjang gelombang 1460.11 didapatkan gugus alkana (C-H), panjang gelombang 1055.06 – 1028.06 didapatkan gugus alkohol, seter, asam karbosilat dan ester (C-O). Hasil uji aktivitas menunjukkan kematian kutu beras pada hari ketiga perlakuan.
GAMBARAN SARANA SANITASI DASAR DI DUSUN LEMBANG DESA BONTO BIRAENG KECAMATAN KAJANG KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA
Authors: Misrah Misrah , Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: May 2020

lingkungan rumah, seperti air bersih, jamban keluarga, pembuangan air limbah, dan pembuangan sampah. Sarana sanitasi tersebut harus diperhatikan untuk mencegah timbulnya kontaminasi dan untuk mencegah terjadinya perkembangbiakan vektor penyakit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran sarana sanitasi dasar di Dusun Lembang Desa Bonto Biraeng Kecamatan Kajang Kabupaten Bulukumba. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasi dengan pendekatan deskriptif atau survai ke lapangan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 132 KK di ambil secara random sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kondisi sarana air bersih yang ada 132 rumah (100%) yang memenuhi syarat 97 rumah (73,5%) dan yang tidak memenuhi syarat 35 rumah (26,5%), sarana jamban keluarga yang ada 132 rumah (100%) yang memenuhi syarat 110 rumah (83,3%) dan yang tidak memenuhi syarat 22 rumah (16,7%), sarana pembuangan air limbah yang ada 0 rumah (100%) dan tidak memiliki 132 rumah (100%), yang memenuhi syarat 0 rumah (0%), dan tidak memenuhi syarat 132 rumah (100%) dan sarana pembuangan sampah yang ada 132 rumah (100%) yang memenuhi syarat 0 rumah (100%) dan yang tidak memenuhi syarat 132 rumah (100). Sebagai kesimpulan dari penelitian bahwa faktor sanitasi lingkungan sangat berpengaruh pada kondisi permukiman karena kondisi sanitasi lingkungan yang kurang sehat dapat menimbulkan penyakit dan apabila kondisi sarana sanitasi lingkungan yang memenuhi syarat maka dapat mempertinggi derajat kesehatan masyarakat.Kata kunci : Sarana Sanitasi Dasar, Lingkungan, Rumah
La política regional en España en el contexto de la integración europea: síntesis y valoración
Authors: Barroso Campos Carmen , Rodero Franganillo Adolfo
Published: May 2020

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Andalucía 1982-92: rasgos económicos y sociopolíticos de un periodo decisivo
Authors: Cazorla Pérez José
Published: May 2020

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Espacios de libertad ante lo económico
Authors: Defourny Jacques
Published: May 2020

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"Jesucristo liberador, lectura histórico-teológica de Jesús de Nazaret" (Recensión)
Authors: Theotonio Cáceres Vicente
Published: May 2020

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Color quality and antioxidant activity evaluation of clown loach juvenile, Chromobotia macracanthus Bleeker 1852 by addition of astaxanthin in diet
Authors: Hirnawati Rina , Jusadi Dedi , Ekasari Jullie , Suprayudi Muhammad Agus
Published: May 2020

Botia or clown loach is the one of fishes was originated from Indonesia and as an ornamental fish commodity in the global market. Clown loach both nature and cultured have some problems when reared in aquaria that is the decrease of color quality. An innovation technology to improve color quality through diet formulates is needed. The aims of this research were to increase the color quality using astaxanthin in diet and to find out the role of astaxanthin as antioxidant in clown loach. The study consists of four treatments of astaxanthin dosages in the diet with isoprotein and isoenergy, namely 0, 50, 100 and 150 mg kg-1 with four replications. The fish juveniles with size of 3.44±0.51 cm and 0.56±0.02 g of weight with density of one fish per littre were used. The test diet was given three times a day during 60 days. The results showed that there were no significant differences antioxidant activity such as superoxide dismutase enzymes and malondialdehyde. However, there was a significant effect (P<0.05) to color quality of the chroma and total carotenoid, whereas no significantly different in lightness. The addition of astaxanthin was effective to improve the color quality of clown loach juvenile. Thus, 100 mg kg-1 of astaxanthin in diet is an optimal dose for clown loach juvenile.
Evaluasi Terapi Antiretroviral Pasien HIV/AIDS
Authors: Nugraheni Ambar Yunita , Amelia Rizki , Rizki Inesya Febrianing
Published: May 2020

Pengobatan antiretroviral (ARV) bertujuan untuk menurunkan jumlah virus (viral load) serta menghambat perburukan infeksi oportunistik. Ketidakrasionalan terapi ARV akan menyebabkan peningkatan resiko morbiditas dan mortalitas, serta resiko resistensi obat.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi rasionalitas antiretroviral pada pasien HIV/AIDS di rumah sakit umum X Surakarta yang meliputi tepat indikasi, tepat pasien, tepat obat, dan tepat dosis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 99 pasien dengan metode purposive sampling. Data diambil melalui rekam medis pasien HIV/AIDS rawat inap di rumah sakit X Surakarta. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 87 Tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Pengobatan Antiretroviral (2014), Pedoman Penerapan Terapi HIV pada Anak (2014), Pedoman Nasional Tatalaksana Klinis Infeksi HIV dan Terapi Antiretroviral pada Orang Dewasa (2011). Evaluasi dari 99 pasien yang memenuhi inklusi didapatkan hasil 100% tepat indikasi, 88,89% tepat pasien, 96,97% tepat obat dan 96,97% tepat dosis. Rasionalitas penggunaan terapi ARV pada pasien HIV/AIDS di rumah sakit umum X Surakarta sebesar 85,86%.

 

Katakunci: antiretroviral, HIV/AIDS, rasionalitas

 

EVALUATION OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN HIV/AIDS PATIENTS

 

ABSTRACT

Antiretroviral (ARV) treatment aims to reduce the amount of virus (viral load) and inhibit opportunistic infections. The irrationality of ARV therapy will cause an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, as well as the risk of drug resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rationality of antiretroviral in HIV/AIDS patients at general hospital X Surakarta which includes the right indication, the right patient, the right drug, and the right dose. This study was an observational study. The research sample was 99 patients with purposive sampling method. Data was collected from medical records of inpatient HIV / AIDS patients at general hospital X Surakarta. Data were analyzed descriptively based on Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 87 Tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Pengobatan Antiretroviral (2014), Pedoman Penerapan Terapi HIV pada Anak (2014), Pedoman Nasional Tatalaksana Klinis Infeksi HIV dan Terapi Antiretroviral pada Orang Dewasa (2011). An evaluation of 99 patients showed 100% correct indications, 88,89% right patients, 96,97% right drugs and 96,97% right doses. The rationality of antiretroviral therapy in HIV/AIDS patients at general hospital X Surakarta was 85,86%.

 

Keywords: antiretroviral, HIV/AIDS, rasionality
Perbedaan Tingkat Pengetahuan Siswa SMK Kesehatan dan SMK Non Kesehatan terhadap Penggunaan Antibiotik
Authors: Septiyana Ria Septiyana , Iqomh Muhammad Khabib Burhanuddin
Published: May 2020

Antibiotik merupakan obat yang memiliki aturan khusus untuk dikonsumsi. Konsumsi obat antibiotik yang salah akan menyebabkan resistensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan siswa SMK Kesehatan dan Non Kesehatan terhadap penggunaan antibiotik. Pola konsumsi antibiotik pada siswa remaja dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan.Desain penelitian menggunakan non eksperimen Experimental.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SMK kesehatan dan non kesehatan yang berada di wilayah Kecamatan Pegandon.Sampel penelitian sebanyak 160 siswaJumlah sampel 160 responden dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data penelitian dianalis menggunakan analisa dengan mengunakan uji Mann Withney TestPenggumpulan data penelitian menggunakan kuesioner. Usia responden mayoritas 16 tahun sebanyak 147 responden (91,9%), mayoritas jenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 148 reponden (91,9%). Pengetahuan penggunaan antibiotik siswa SMK kesehatan mayoritas sedang (93,3%), Pengetahuan penggunaan antibiotik siswa SMK non kesehatan mayoritas rendah (53,6%). Hasil uji analisa statistik mendapat p value 0,000 (p< 0,05) terdapat terdapat perbedaan pengetahuan penggunaan antibiotik pada siswa SMK kesehatan dan SMK non kesehatan.Perlu dilakukan edukasi penggunaan antibiotik dikalangan remaja, sehingga antibiotik dapat dikonsumsi dengan tepat.

 

Kata kunci: antibiotik, pengetahuan, siswa

 

DIFFERENCES IN THE KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF HEALTH VOCATIONAL SCHOOL STUDENTS AND NON HEALTH VOCATIONAL SCHOOL STUDENTS ON THE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS

 

ABSTRACT

Antibiotics are drugs that have special rules for consumption. The wrong consumption of antibiotic drugs will cause resistance. This study aims to determine differences in the level of knowledge of vocational health and non-health students on the use of antibiotics. The pattern of antibiotic consumption in adolescent students is influenced by knowledge. The study design uses non-experimental experiments. The number of samples 160 respondents using purposive sampling technique. The research data were analyzed using analysis using the Mann Withney Test. Collecting research data using a questionnaire. Age of the majority of respondents 16 years as many as 147 respondents (91.9%), the majority of female sex as many as 148 respondents (91.9%). The knowledge of the use of antibiotics in the majority of vocational health students was moderate (93.3%), the knowledge of the use of antibiotics in the majority of non-health vocational students was low (53.6%). Statistical analysis test results obtained p value 0,000 (p <0.05) there are differences in the use of antibiotic knowledge in health and non-health vocational high school students. It is necessary to educate the use of antibiotics among adolescents, so that antibiotics can be consumed appropriately.

 

Keywords: antibiotic, knowledge, students