bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation and experimental study of parameters in centrifugal electrospinning: Effects of rotor form on fiber formation
Authors: Wang Han , Feng Liang , Zeng Jun , Chen Lingmin , Chen An , Liu Maolin , Xiong Jingang
Published: August 2022

Nanofiber is a kind of high‐performance material, which has great applications. Among many preparation methods, centrifugal electrospinning combines the advantages of electrospinning and centrifugal spinning, with high yield and a wide range of application. But its influencing factors are numerous, the process is still immature, and unable to meet the needs of industrialization. Here, we design a set of centrifugal electrospinning equipment and its process, and explore the influence of rotor form on fiber formation. First, the structure and working principle of experimental equipment of centrifugal electrospinning are introduced. Then, the influence of two factors, the rotor shape and rotor material, on space electric field is studied through theoretical and simulation analysis. Finally, based on the designed equipment, the effects of different rotor forms on the fibers preparation of centrifugal electrospinning are studied. The results show that the fiber diameter of centrifugal electrospinning is greatly affected by the form of the rotor. By changing the surface shape of the rotor and the rotor material, the diameter of the fiber can be controlled. Experiments show that the average fiber diameter of the γ‐shaped rotor is the smallest, and the fiber spun with ULTEM PEI 1010 material has the best overall performance.
Soft‐template assisted preparation of hierarchically porous graphitic carbon nitride layers for high‐performance supercapacitors
Authors: Xu Zhongyun , Kong Lirong , Wang Hui , Ma Qiang , Shen Xiaoping , Wang Jianyue , Premlatha Subramanian
Published: July 2022

Strong π–π interaction between two‐dimensional graphitic carbon nitride (CN) layers may cause the stacking phenomenon, which leads to the decrease of its surface area and thus the capacitive properties. Hard templates are usually used to avoid the stacking phenomena. However, the use of them needs redundant removing process and may cause environmental pollution. As a result, in this work, P123 was used as the soft template to expand the inter‐layer distance and create more mesopores in the CN sheets. Benefit from the synergistic effect between the unique porous structure and the high nitrogen doping level, the formed graphitic CN (P2‐g‐CN) could exhibit high specific capacitances (520.5 and 176.0 F g−1 at the current density of 0.5 and 50 A g−1), stable cyclic behavior and satisfied energy density. The superior energy storage performances and the facile synthetic approach of P2‐g‐CN indicate its promising application as high‐performance electrode for supercapacitors and other energy storage devices.
Enhanced properties of starch based foams with modified starch/polyester blend as masterbatch
Authors: Shi Huidong , Zhu Yanfeng , Ju Qing , Shen Yucai , Wang Tingwei
Published: July 2022

Starch/PBAT blends were reactively extruded as masterbatch with the addition of tartaric acid (TA) and epoxide chain extender ADR4468 (ADR). The effects of tartaric acid and chain extender on the mechanical properties and structure of starch/PBAT blends were evaluated. The tensile strength of starch/PBAT blends with TA and TA/ADR increased by 31.4% and 85.6%, respectively. Further, starch, plasticizer, and blowing agent were melt extruded with this blend masterbatch, and the effects of masterbatch on the foamability, morphology, and properties of starch foams were investigated. When the masterbatch content was 10 phr, the obtained foam had the lowest apparent density (445.1 kg m−3), and the compressive strength, recovery, and water resistance of the foam were also improved significantly.
Investigation of the influences of the molecular weights and dosage ratios of polyvinyl alcohol on para‐aramid nanofibers/polyvinyl alcohol composite aerogels
Authors: Ren Jianhua , Hasuo Kensuke , Wei Yujun , Tabata Isao , Hori Teruo , Hirogaki Kazumasa
Published: August 2022

Polymer‐based monolithic composite aerogels with a durable cross‐linked structure were fabricated using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and para‐aramid nanofibers (ANFs) as precursors, and supercritical fluid technology as a drying strategy. In order to give a clear insight into ANFs/PVA composite aerogels, we thoroughly investigated the influences of the molecular weights and dosage ratios of PVA on these composite aerogels, and clearly demonstrated the entire process of the evolution of “sol–gel‐aerogel.” The chemical composition, porous nanostructure, porosity, and mechanical performance of the ANFs/PVA composite aerogels were characterized by attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform‐infrared spectra (ATR‐FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM), nitrogen physical adsorption, and uniaxial compression, respectively. The results revealed the mechanism of the stable composition of ANFs/PVA binary system, and that both the molecular weights and dosage ratios of PVA in the ANFs/PVA composite aerogels have a significant influence on their properties. This work is beneficial to design and fabricate polymer‐based aerogels with desirable chemical and physical characteristics, and the obtained ANFs/PVA composite aerogels with appropriate molecular weight and dosage ratio of PVA possess well‐balanced comprehensive properties, which offer the potential for a wide range of applications.
Autologous blood products: Usage and preparation protocols
Authors: Palaiologou Archontia , Keeling Francis
Published: July 2022

Focused clinical question

What are the appropriate preparation protocols for autologous blood products to support their clinical utilization?

Autologous blood products provide a unique clinical benefit. Their popularity among the professions is growing. However, as this is a rapidly evolving field, multiple modalities are presented within the literature. Frequently there is no demonstrated superiority to previous iterations. This brief review attempts to offer a concise chronology on their evolution, preparation, and where possible, evidence to support their clinical utilization.

Conclusions

The field of autologous blood products is expanding rapidly. These products appear to yield variable clinical benefits in specific indications. However, evidence supporting their universal application is scant, and the superiority of one formulation versus another is yet to be demonstrated.
Exploring the role of practitioner lived experience of mental health issues in counselling and psychotherapy
Authors: Cleary Rua , Armour Cherie
Published: July 2022

Insights gained from lived experience of mental health issues are increasingly utilised in the delivery of mental health services, reflecting a growing recognition of the value of experiential knowledge. Despite this recognition, there is a dearth of literature on the lived experience of counsellors and psychotherapists, and as such, insight into how counsellors and psychotherapists understand and experience their dual patient‐therapist identity is limited. This study explores the role of practitioner‐lived experience in counselling and psychotherapy. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with two counsellors and one psychotherapist, and transcripts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Four themes were identified: (a) identity as a practitioner; (b) self‐disclosure as enhancing therapeutic relationships; (c) importance of supervision; and (d) healing and recovery. This study adds to a growing body of research on the value of experiential knowledge in the production of mental health services, providing insight into how lived‐experience practitioners experience their dual identity within their practice, and how they can be supported in exploring and valuing their experience.
Expanding the Scope of Genetically Encoded Lysine Post‐Translational Modifications with Lactylation, β‐Hydroxybutyrylation and Lipoylation
Authors: Ren Conghui , Wu Qifan , Xiao Ruotong , Ji Yanli , Yang Xiaochen , Zhang Zhuo , Qin Hongqiang , Ma Jun‐An , Xuan Weimin
Published: July 2022

Post‐translational modifications (PTMs) occurring on lysine residues, especially diverse forms of acylations, have seen rapid growth over the past two decades. Among them, lactylation and β‐hydroxybutyrylation of lysine side‐chains are newly identified histone marks and their implications in physiology and diseases have aroused broad research interest. Meanwhile, lysine lipoylation is highly conserved in diverse organisms and well known for its pivotal role in central metabolic pathways. Recent findings in the proteomic profiling of protein lipoylation have nonetheless suggested a pressing need for an extensive investigation. For both basic and applied research, it is necessary to prepare PTM‐bearing proteins particularly in a site‐specific manner. Herein, we use genetic code expansion to site‐specifically generate these lysine PTMs, including lactylation, β‐hydroxybutyrylation and lipoylation in proteins in E. coli and mammalian cells. Notably, using strategies including activity‐based selection, screening and rational design, unique pyrrolysyl‐tRNA synthetase variants were successfully evolved for each of the three non‐canonical amino acids, which enabled efficient production of recombinant proteins. Through encoding these ncAAs, we examined the deacylase activities of mammalian sirtuins to these modifications, and importantly we unfold the lipoamidase activity of several sirtuins.
Percutaneous transeptal mitral valve endocarditis debulking with AngioVac aspiration system
Authors: Memon Sehrish , Goldman Scott , Hawthorne Katie M. , Gnall Eric M.
Published: July 2022

Vacuum assisted aspiration with the AngioVac system has been well described for; right sided endocarditis, venous thrombus, lead related infection/thrombus aspiration and right sided cardiac mass evacuation. Percutaneous transeptal debulking with AngioVac for mitral valve endocarditis (MVE) in the inoperable or high surgical risk patient has not been well defined. A significant proportion of high/prohibitive surgical risk patients with left sided infective endocarditis (IE) are not offered valve surgery as patients in the acute active phase of IE have a high surgical mortality. Nonetheless, sequala of acute IE ie stroke, sepsis or hemodynamic instability in itself is associated with high morbidity and mortality without surgical treatment. A case report of an inoperable patient with methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus MVE who was offered MV vegetation debulking with the AngioVac Gen3 C 180 MV system is described. Preprocedural planning with attention to; optimal transeptal height puncture, use of sentinel cerebral protection device to decrease risk of procedure related cerebral embolism and venous extracorporeal membrane cannula, rather than arterial cannula for reinfusion, is described to avoid large bore arterial access related vascular complications. Further studies in a randomized manner are warranted to test these procedural techniques and determine outcomes of percutaneous aspiration of left sided IE with the AngioVac system in this highrisk inoperable cohort of patients.
The Radical Anion, Dianion and Electron Transport Properties of Tetraiodotetraazapentacene
Authors: Wiesner Thomas , Wu Zhu , Han Jie , Ji Lei , Friedrich Alexandra , Krummenacher Ivo , Moos Michael , Lambert Christoph , Braunschweig Holger , Rudin Benjamin , Reiss Hilmar , Tverskoy Olena , Rominger Frank , Dreuw Andreas , Marder Todd B. , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F.
Published: August 2022

Tetraiodotetraazapentacene I4TAP, the last missing derivative in the series of halogenated silylated tetraazapentacenes, was synthesized via condensation chemistry from a TIPS‐ethynylated diaminobenzothiadiazol in three steps. Single and double reduction furnished its air‐stable monoanion and relatively air‐stable dianion, both of which were characterized by crystallography. All three species are structurally and spectroscopically compared to non‐halogenated TAP and Br4TAP. I4TAP is an n‐channel material in thin‐film transistors with average electron mobilities exceeding 1 cm2 (Vs)−1.
Transition Metal‐Free Regio‐ and Stereo‐Selective trans Hydroboration of 1,3‐Diynes: A Phosphine‐Catalyzed Access to (E)‐1‐Boryl‐1,3‐Enynes
Authors: Jos Swetha , Szwetkowski Connor , Slebodnick Carla , Ricker Robert , Chan Ka Lok , Chan Wing Chun , Radius Udo , Lin Zhenyang , Marder Todd B. , Santos Webster L.
Published: August 2022

We report a transition metal‐free, regio‐ and stereo‐selective, phosphine‐catalyzed method for the trans hydroboration of 1,3‐diynes with pinacolborane that affords (E)‐1‐boryl‐1,3‐enynes. The reaction proceeds with excellent selectivity for boron addition to the external carbon of the 1,3‐diyne framework as unambiguously established by NMR and X‐ray crystallographic studies. The reaction displays a broad substrate scope including unsymmetrical diynes to generate products in high yield (up to 95 %). Experimental and theoretical studies suggest that phosphine attack on the alkyne is a key process in the catalytic cycle.
Berufsbild und Innovationen im betrieblichen Alltag
Authors: Woppowa Ljuba
Published: July 2022

Betriebsingenieure sind systemrelevant – nicht erst seit Corona und gekappter Lieferketten. Sie garantieren die Produktion von wichtigen Produkten der chemischen Industrie. Der VDI‐GVC präsentiert auf der Achema 2022 Informationsplattform für Ingenieure in der Produktion und informiert über das Berufsbild der Betriebsingenieure.
Wenn die Stärke vom Weizen getrennt wird
Authors: Deliano Julia
Published: July 2022

Aufgrund des hohen Stärkegehalts ist die Verarbeitung der Weizenstärke besonders relevant und der Herstellungsprozess wird mit Blick auf die Nachhaltigkeit immer wichtiger. Der ungarische Produzent von Weizenstärke Viresol reduziert seinen ökologischen Fußabdruck und optimiert gleichzeitig das Hygienic Design mit der Technologie von Flottweg.
Wasserstoff‐Contracting für nachhaltige Chemiestandorte
Authors: Gebhardt Arthur
Published: July 2022

Die Chemiebranche steht vor großen Herausforderungen, um die Kohlendioxidemissionen zu reduzieren und die Produktion zu Decarbonisieren. Die Lösung liegt im Einsatz grüner Moleküle und die dafür notwendige zusätzliche “Fabrik vor der Fabrik” wird zum entscheidenden Erfolgsfaktor für die Energiewende. Entsprechende Konzepte entstehen aktuell bei Getec in der Schweiz und in den Niederlanden
Applanoids A—E as the First Examples of C‐15/C‐20 Michael Adducts in Ganoderma Triterpenoids and Their PXR Agonistic Activity
Authors: Su Hai‐Guo , Liang Hang‐Fei , Hu Gui‐Lin , Zhou Lin , Peng Xing‐Rong , Bi Hui‐Chang , Qiu Ming‐Hua
Published: July 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Ganoderma triterpenoids (GTs), a class of major active constituents of Ganoderma fungi, possess diverse structures and remarkable activities. In the present study, nine new GTs, namely applanoids A—I (1—9), were isolated from the medicinal fungus of Ganoderma applanatum. Their structures including absolute configurations were established by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and ECD calculation. Applanoids A—E (1—5) represent the first example of GTs with 6/6/5/6/5 pentacyclic system and the formation of the ether ring between C‐15 and C‐20 involves Michael addition reaction. Furthermore, compounds 1—8 were evaluated for their human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) agonistic activity using dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay, and the results showed that compounds 1, 2 and 4 can dose‐dependently activate hPXR. This investigation further illustrated the structural diversity of GTs and provided new insights for searching PXR agonists from GTs.
Network intrusion detection system for Internet of Things based on enhanced flower pollination algorithm and ensemble classifier
Authors: Gangula Rekha , V Murali Mohan , M Ranjeeth Kumar
Published: July 2022

In the Internet of Things environment, the intrusion detection involves identification of distributed denial of service attacks in the network traffic which is aimed at improving network security. Recently, several methods have been developed for network anomaly detection which is generally based on the conventional machine learning techniques. The existing methods completely rely on manual traffic features which increases the system complexity and results in a lower detection rate on large traffic datasets. To overcome these issues, a new intrusion detection system is proposed based on the enhanced flower pollination algorithm (EFPA) and ensemble classification technique. First, the optimal set of features is selected from the UNSW‐NB15 and NSL‐KDD datasets by using EFPA. In the EFPA, a scaling factor is used in the conventional FPA for optimal feature selection and better convergence, and the selected features are fed to the ensemble classifier for network attack detection. The ensemble classifier aims to learn a set of classifiers such as random forest, decision tree (ID3), and support vector machine classifiers and then votes the best results. In the resulting section, the proposed ensemble‐based EFPA model attained 99.32% and 99.67% of accuracy on UNSW‐NB15 and NSL‐KDD datasets, respectively, and these obtained results are more superior compared to the traditional network intrusion detection models. The proposed and the existing models are validated on the anaconda‐navigator and Python 3.6 software environment.
Multi‐texture features and optimized DeepNet for COVID‐19 detection using chest x‐ray images
Authors: Gopatoti Anandbabu , P Vijayalakshmi
Published: August 2022

The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has a severe influence on population health all over the world. Various methods are developed for detecting the COVID‐19, but the process of diagnosing this problem from radiology and radiography images is one of the effective procedures for diagnosing the affected patients. Therefore, a robust and effective multi‐local texture features (MLTF)‐based feature extraction approach and Improved Weed Sea‐based DeepNet (IWS‐based DeepNet) approach is proposed for detecting the COVID‐19 at an earlier stage. The developed IWS‐based DeepNet is developed for detecting COVID‐19to optimize the structure of the Deep Convolutional Neural Network (Deep CNN). The IWS is devised by incorporating the Improved Invasive Weed Optimization (IIWO) and Sea Lion Optimization (SLnO), respectively. The noises present in the input chest x‐ray (CXR) image are discarded using Region of Interest (RoI) extraction by adaptive thresholding technique. For feature extraction, the proposed MLFT is newly developed by considering various texture features for extracting the best features. Finally, the COVID‐19 detection is performed using the proposed IWS‐based DeepNet. Furthermore, the proposed technique achieved effective performance in terms of True Positive Rate (TPR), True Negative Rate (TNR), and accuracy with the maximum values of 0.933%, 0.890%, and 0.919%.
Jaya‐tunicate swarm algorithm based generative adversarial network for COVID‐19 prediction with chest computed tomography images
Authors: Doraiswami Palanivel Rajan , Sarveshwaran Velliangiri , Swamidason Iwin Thanakumar Joseph , Sorna Sona Chandra Devadass
Published: July 2022

A novel corona virus (COVID‐19) has materialized as the respiratory syndrome in recent decades. Chest computed tomography scanning is the significant technology for monitoring and predicting COVID‐19. To predict the patients of COVID‐19 at early stage poses an open challenge in the research community. Therefore, an effective prediction mechanism named Jaya‐tunicate swarm algorithm driven generative adversarial network (Jaya‐TSA with GAN) is proposed in this research to find patients of COVID‐19 infections. The developed Jaya‐TSA is the incorporation of Jaya algorithm with tunicate swarm algorithm (TSA). However, lungs lobs are segmented using Bayesian fuzzy clustering, which effectively find the boundary regions of lung lobes. Based on the extracted features, the process of COVID‐19 prediction is accomplished using GAN. The optimal solution is obtained by training GAN using proposed Jaya‐TSA with respect to fitness measure. The dimensionality of features is reduced by extracting the optimal features, which enable to increase the speed of training process. Moreover, the developed Jaya‐TSA based GAN attained outstanding effectiveness by considering the factors, like, specificity, accuracy, and sensitivity that captured the importance as 0.8857, 0.8727, and 0.85 by varying training data.
Single‐Step Synthesis of Fe−Fe3O4 Catalyst for Highly Efficient and Selective Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Xie Hui‐Qi , Zheng Xuan , Feng Qing‐Yun , Chen Xiao‐Ping , Zou Ze‐Hua , Wang Qing‐Xiang , Tang Jing , Li Yi , Ling Yun
Published: July 2022

Nitrogen reduction electrocatalysts are highly attractive for catalytic science. However, most electrocatalysts are limited by their low faradaic efficiency, poor ammonia yield, and tedious and costly catalyst synthesis process. In this work, Fe‐based oxide composite nanoparticles with steady chemical states are prepared by a single‐step green procedure under ambient conditions. The resulting Fe−Fe3O4 demonstrates remarkable activity and selectivity for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) with the highest faradaic efficiency of 53.2±1.8 % and NH3 yield rate of 24.6±0.8 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 at −0.4 V (vs. RHE) in 0.1 m Na2SO4 electrolyte. Characterization experiments and theoretical calculation reveal that Fe−Fe3O4 exhibits significantly enhanced charge transfer capability and suppresses the competitive HER process.
Nitrogen Electroreduction on Borophene‐Supported Atomic and Diatomic Transition Metals: Stability, Activity and Selectivity Improvements via Defect‐Engineering
Authors: Sun Yi‐Bing , Liu Yi‐Qing , Zhao Xiang , Wang Wei‐Wei , Dang Jing‐Shuang
Published: July 2022

The present work investigated the binding of atomically dispersed transition metals to the perfect and single/double vacancy (SV/DV)‐containing defective β12‐borophenes and the catalytic performance of those corresponding single‐atom catalysts (SACs) and diatomic catalysts (DACs) for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) by means of density functional theory calculations. Although previous theoretical studies proposed that the inherent hexagon hole of the defect‐free β12‐borophene is capable of anchoring single metal atom for NRR, calculations suggested that the interaction between borophene and doped metal is not strong enough to avoid metal aggregation. For the defective β12‐borophene with SV, even though the single metal could be stabilized in an 8‐membered ring, it was found that the SAC was still ineffective for NRR because of the competitive hydrogen evolution process. Regarding the DV‐containing β12‐borophene, a defective configuration with an unexpected 11‐membered hole was proved as the most stable structure, which possessed a very similar average atomic energy (6.25 eV atom−1) compared to that of the pristine β12 sheet (6.26 eV atom−1). Two metal atoms could be encapsulated into the confined space of the B11 ring. Compared to SACs, those corresponding DACs were more active for N2 fixation and hydrogenation, and the hydrogen evolution reaction could be passivated, attributing to the synergistic effect of dual metal centres. Among all candidates, the V2/β12‐DV was predicted as the most promising catalyst for NRR, with the limiting potential of as low as −0.15 V.
Determination of the Structures of Lignin Subunits and Nanoparticles in Solution by Small‐Angle Neutron Scattering: Towards Improving Lignin Valorization
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhang Jinxu , Yang Hua , He Chunyong , Ke Yubin , Singh Seema , Cheng Gang
Published: August 2022

Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) are usually produced from lignin solution through supersaturation. The structure of the lignin in solution is still poorly understood due to structural variability of isolated lignins. Here, lignins were extracted from different plants to establish a general pattern of their structure in several lignin solvents. Lignin molecules (lignin subunits) and larger aggregates were observed in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG) and 0.1 N NaOD solutions by small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS). It was proposed that the aggregates were composed of lignin subunits with a higher molecular weight and a higher ratio of the aliphatic to phenolic hydroxyl groups. The size, shape, and compactness are important factors that affect the uses of the LNPs, which were obtained from the SANS data for the first time. A discrepancy in the radius between SANS and DLS was discovered, pointing to a large hydration shell around the LNPs in aqueous solutions. The cytotoxicity of the corncob lignin, kraft lignin, and their LNPs were measured and compared.
Visible Light‐Induced Unactivated δ‐C(sp3)−H Amination of Alcohols Catalyzed by Iron
Authors: Jue Zhaofan , Huang Yahao , Qian Jiahui , Hu Peng
Published: August 2022

An iron‐catalyzed remote C(sp3)−H amination of alcohols through 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer is developed. This protocol provides a method to generate δ‐C(sp3)−N bonds from primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols under mild conditions. A wide substrate scope and a good functional group tolerance are presented. Mechanistic studies show that a LMCT course of an Fe−OR species and a chlorine radical‐induced hydrogen abstraction of an alcohol are possible to generate the alkoxy radical intermediate.
The necessity of continuing cervical cancer screening of elderly Korean women aged 65 years or older
Authors: Cho Sumin , Lee Seon‐Mi , Lee Sanghoon , Cho Hyun‐Woong , Min Kyung‐Jin , Hong Jin‐Hwa , Song Jae‐Yun , Lee Jae‐Kwan , Lee Nak‐Woo
Published: July 2022

Background

Although the incidence of cervical cancer has decreased since the 1980s in Korea, it remains high among the elderly women. This study evaluated the suitability of cervical cancer screening for elderly Korean women aged ≥65 years according to recommendations by the American Society of Cytopathology and American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent cervical cancer screening, followed by liquid‐based Pap test, human papillomavirus (HPV) test, and colposcopic punch biopsy at two academic hospitals from May 2008 to May 2018. The participants were divided into two groups <65 and ≥65 years old. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between cytology tests, HPV tests and the occurrence of high‐risk lesions, ≥cervical intraepithelial neoplasia2 (CIN2).

Results

The mean patient age was 49.02 ± 15.437 (range 15–91) years. No patients aged <25 years showed atypical squamous cell‐cannot exclude high grade (ASC‐H), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), or adenocarcinoma (ADC). The incidence of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HISL) (39.7%) and ≥CIN 3 (40.2%) was significantly higher in patients ≥65 years of age than in other age groups. However, patients ≥65 years showed increased HSIL and HPV negativity and ASC‐H, HSIL, and HPV positivity in those with ≥CIN 2 (both p = .043).

Conclusion

Korean women aged ≥65 years should undergo cervical cancer screening. The relevance of HPV or Cytology test alone or co‐test for screening should be evaluated in this population.
Advocate for architecture that's ASD friendly
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: August 2022

Disability services professionals work hard on promoting awareness, preparing faculty, and much more, but “if all of that happens in a space that is disabling to the student, it unravels all that hard work,” said Magda Mostafa, Autism Design Consultant for Progressive Architects and Associate Professor of Design at The American University in Cairo.
Build a resilient team to help your office thrive
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: August 2022

Working together for about 10 years, Kris Anderson, Heather Pearson, and Heather Kretz experienced professional triumphs and failures. Within their team, there were also marriages, deaths, and many other events that impacted team members in positive and negative ways.
Mitigating screen time barriers: Lessons from the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Low Christine , Levey Pearl , McGrane Aggie
Published: August 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic forced colleges and universities across the country to shift emergently to virtual learning platforms. Health science programs needed to reimagine their curricula and mandatory clinical training under tremendous time pressure. The move to online learning decreased barriers for many students with disabilities, such as the need to traverse campus or high in‐person social engagement. In other circumstances, pandemic‐related shifts created obstacles. In this piece, we highlight some barriers for students with disabilities created by the increase in screen time necessitated by the pandemic, and possible solutions. We identified these barriers and solutions through our work as disability resource professionals for health science programs and as members of the Access in Medicine group, a national collective addressing pandemic‐related changes in medical education. Given the potential for schools to employ increased hybrid and online learning as we move through and beyond the pandemic, we propose individual and Universal Design solutions to mitigate these effects.
Examining associations between symptoms of eating disorders and symptoms of anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and perceived family functioning in university students: A brief report
Authors: Murga Camila , Cabezas Ruth , Mora Carolina , Campos Susana , Núñez Daniel
Published: July 2022

Objective

We examined the relationships between eating disorders symptoms (EDs), suicidal ideation, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and perceived family functioning in a sample of university students aged 18–25 years (N = 397).

Method

Assessment of symptoms was carried out with the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory, among others. We explored the associations between the domains using network analysis.

Results

We found that physical anxiety symptoms, followed by cognitive and physical depressive symptoms showed the greatest centrality in the current network. Perceived family functioning was negatively related to eating disorder symptoms.

Discussion

We provide evidence regarding the relevant role of anxiety and depression symptoms in the presentation of ED symptoms in university students. These findings provide new insights to improve preventive interventions to timely reduce symptoms and risk factors associated with EDs.

Public significance

Using a network approach, we found specific associations between physical anxiety symptoms, cognitive and physical depressive symptoms, eating disorders symptoms, suicidal ideation and perceived family functioning in university students. These variables can be potential targets to develop evidence‐based preventive strategies in this population. A better understanding of these complex associations and the role of family variables could enhance the effectiveness of interventions in both clinical and educational settings.
Low‐head dams induce biotic homogenization/differentiation of fish assemblages in subtropical streams
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhang Yuzhou , Wang Ruolan , Chu Ling , Li Yuru , Yan Yunzhi
Published: July 2022

Extensive distribution of widespread species and the loss of native species driven by anthropogenic disturbances modify community similarity, resulting in a decrease or increase in community distinctiveness. Data from four basins in the Wannan Mountains, China, were used to evaluate the effects of low‐head dams on patterns of fish faunal homogenization and differentiation based on abundance data. We aimed to examine the spatial changes in taxonomic and functional similarities of fish assemblages driven by low‐head dams and to examine whether the changes in the similarity of fish assemblages differed between taxonomic and functional components. We found that low‐head dams significantly decreased the mean taxonomic similarity but increased the mean functional similarity of fish assemblages in impoundments using abundance‐based approaches, suggesting that taxonomic differentiation accompanied functional homogenization in stream fish assemblages. These results show the importance of population abundance in structuring fish faunal homogenization and differentiation at small scales, especially when the major differences among assemblages are in species abundance ranks rather than species identities. Additionally, we also found only a weak positive correlation between changes in mean taxonomic and functional similarities, and partial pairs exhibited considerable variation in patterns of fish faunal homogenization and differentiation for taxonomic and functional components. In conclusion, this study highlighted that the observed taxonomic differentiation of current fish assemblages (short‐term phenomenon) is probably an early warning sign of further homogenization in regions where native species are completely predominated and that changes in taxonomic similarity cannot be used to predict changes in functional similarity.
Past, present, and future predictions on the suitable habitat of the Slender racer (Orientocoluber spinalis) using species distribution models
Authors: Park Il‐Kook , Borzée Amaël , Park Jaejin , Min Seong‐Hun , Zhang Yong‐Pu , Li Shu‐Ran , Park Daesik
Published: July 2022

Species distribution models (SDMs) across past, present, and future timelines provide insights into the current distribution of these species and their reaction to climate change. Specifically, if a species is threatened or not well‐known, the information may be critical to understand that species. In this study, we computed SDMs for Orientocoluber spinalis, a monotypic snake genus found in central and northeast Asia, across the past (last interglacial, last glacial maximum, and mid‐Holocene), present, and future (2070s). The goal of the study was to understand the shifts in distribution across time, and the climatic factors primarily affecting the distribution of the species. We found the suitable habitat of O. spinalis to be persistently located in cold‐dry winter and hot summer climatic areas where annual mean temperature, isothermality, and annual mean precipitation were important for suitable habitat conditions. Since the last glacial maximum, the suitable habitat of the species has consistently shifted northward. Despite the increase in suitable habitat, the rapid alterations in weather regimes because of climate change in the near future are likely to greatly threaten the southern populations of O. spinalis, especially in South Korea and China. To cope with such potential future threats, understanding the ecological requirements of the species and developing conservation plans are urgently needed.
Quality of life in patients with heart failure and improved ejection fraction: one‐year changes and prognosis
Authors: Zamora Elisabet , González Beatriz , Lupón Josep , Borrellas Andrea , Domingo Mar , Santiago‐Vacas Evelyn , Cediel Germán , Codina Pau , Rivas Carmen , Pulido Ana , Crespo Eva , Velayos Patricia , Diaz Violeta , Bayes‐Genis Antoni
Published: August 2022

Aims

The criteria for patients with heart failure (HF) and improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF) are a baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40%, a ≥10‐point increase from baseline LVEF, and a second LVEF measurement >40%. We aimed to (i) assess patients with HF and reduced LVEF (HFrEF) at baseline and compare quality of life (QoL) changes between those that fulfilled and those that did not fulfil the HFimpEF criteria 1 year later and (ii) assess the prognostic role of QoL in patients with HFimpEF.

Methods

We reviewed data from a prospective registry of real‐world outpatients with HF that were assessed for LVEF and QoL at a first visit to the HF clinic and 1 year later. QoL was evaluated with the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ). The primary prognostic endpoint was the composite of all‐cause death or HF hospitalization.

Results

Baseline and 1‐year LVEF and MLWFQ scores were available for 1040 patients with an initial LVEF ≤40% (mean age, 65.2 ± 11.7 years; 75.9% men). The main aetiology was ischaemic heart disease (52.9%), and patients were mostly in New York heart Association Classes II (71.1%) and III (21.6%). At baseline, the mean LVEF was 28.5% ± 7.3, and the mean MLWHFQ score was 30.2 ± 19.5. After 1 year, the mean LVEF increased to 38.0% ± 12.2, and the MLWHFQ scores improved to 17.4 ± 16.0. In 361 patients that fulfilled the HFimpEF criteria (34.7%), significant improvements were observed in both LVEF (from 28.7% ± 6.6 to 50.9% ± 7.6, P < 0.001) and QoL (from 32.9 ± 20.6 to 16.9 ± 16.0, P < 0.001). Patients that did not fulfil the HFimpEF criteria also showed significant improvements in LVEF (from 28.4% ± 7.6 to 31.1% ± 7.9, P < 0.001) and QoL (from 28.7 ± 18.8 to 17.6 ± 15.9, P < 0.001). However, the QoL improvement was significantly higher in the HFimpEF group (−16.0 ± 23.8 vs. −11.1 ± 20.3, P = 0.001), despite the worse mean baseline MLWHFQ score, compared with the non‐HFimpEF group (P = 0.001). The 1‐year QoL was similar between groups (P = 0.50). The 1‐year MLWHFQ score was independently associated with outcomes; the hazard ratio for the composite endpoint was 1.02 (95% CI: 1.01–1.03, P = 0.006). In contrast, the QoL improvement (with a cut‐off ≥5 points) was not independently associated with the composite outcome.

Conclusions

Patients with HFrEF showed improved QoL after 1 year, regardless of whether they met the HFimpEF criteria. The similar 1‐year QoL perception between groups suggested that factors other than LVEF influenced QoL perception. The 1‐year QoL was superior to the QoL change from baseline for predicting prognosis in patients with HFimpEF.
Post‐earthquake system identification and response estimation of an elastic compound building using a simplified numerical model
Authors: Lin Jui‐Liang , Yu Gee‐Jin , Chuang Ming‐Chieh , Lin Guan‐Hong , Weng Yuan‐Tao , Hwang Shyh‐Jiann , Tsai Keh‐Chyuan
Published: July 2022

The post‐earthquake system identification and response estimation of an elastic 13‐story compound building during four seismic events were effectively conducted using a simplified numerical model: the generalized building model (GBM). The compound building examined was the recently remolded office building of Taiwan's National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering. The 7–13th stories of the building are extended steel structures seated atop six older reinforced‐concrete stories. In addition to the vertical extension, the building was horizontally extended. The extension incorporated several types of seismic dampers. The GBM, which reflects the dynamic characteristics of the elastic compound building, was constructed using only the acceleration records of the roof and the 7th story. The effectiveness of the GBM was then verified by comparing the estimated and actual acceleration responses of the other stories. From the verified GBM, the modal parameters and drift responses of the compound building were estimated accordingly.
Leveraging big data analytics in 5G‐enabled IoT and industrial IoT for the development of sustainable smart cities
Authors: Mukherjee Suprakash , Gupta Shashank , Rawlley Oshin , Jain Siddhant
Published: July 2022

There has been an exponential growth in the number of low‐cost heterogeneous sensor devices that are connected to the internet in the existing infrastructure of smart cities in the past decade. These sensors and actuator devices are employed in various industries to collect invaluable data that greatly impacts business decisions. State‐of‐the‐art research is being carried out to process the high‐volume data collected in high velocity streams with high variability in order to draw meaningful insights to cater to business needs in various domains. Big data analytics finds diversified opportunities in 5G‐enabled Internet of Things (IoT) and industrial IoT environment to study the data patterns and produce new results which provides big organizations a conducive environment to take informed decisions. This article presents an exhaustive investigation of the various applications and algorithms of the big data analytics in 5G‐driven IoT and industrial IoT systems with a detailed taxonomy of the existing analytical systems and also the challenges specific to the applications in an IoT environment. A holistic understanding on the importance of security and privacy of big data during the development of smart city infrastructure in high velocity streaming process has been explained for a broad understanding of the big data streaming processes. A thorough analysis of important data mining algorithms such as classification, association rule mining, clustering, and prediction methods for big IoT data from the recent literature also has been presented to provide a clear understanding of existing issues in handling big data in 5G‐enabled IoT for the development of sustainable smart city infrastructure.
Identification of Tartrazine adulteration and evaluating exposure to synthetic dyes of sunset yellow and Quinoline yellow through consumption of food products among children
Authors: Rahnama Hannaneh , Mazloomi Seyed Mohammad , Berizi Enayat , Abbasi Azam , Gholami Zahra
Published: July 2022

Excessive consumption of synthetic food dyes by children may raise concerns about their health. These dyes may aggravate the hyperactivity symptoms and exacerbate asthma in sensitive children. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of sunset yellow and quinoline yellow dyes, as well as tartrazine in dairy‐free fruit ice cream, freeze pop, jelly, and candy. Additionally, we evaluated the amount of two food dyes consumed by children. To do so, a total of 150 food samples, including 20 dairy‐free fruit ice creams, 25 freeze pops, 57 jelly products, and 48 types of candy were randomly selected from stores in Shiraz, Iran. Then, using the high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method and an ultraviolet (UV) detector, we measured the amounts of sunset yellow and quinoline yellow dyes and identified the use of tartrazine. Also, the per capita consumption (grams per day) of the mentioned foods was calculated using a checklist in two groups of male and female primary schoolchildren aged 6–9 years and 10–13 years in Shiraz, Iran. According to the results, 11 (7.33%) samples contained only tartrazine and 107 (71.33%) samples contained quinoline yellow and sunset yellow synthetic dyes. In addition, of 107 samples that used quinoline yellow and sunset yellow, 102 (95.33%) contained unauthorized tartrazine. Only seven (6.54%) samples contained exceedingly high concentrations of authorized quinoline yellow and sunset yellow synthetic dyes. However, the exposure assessment showed that the intake of quinoline yellow and sunset yellow was at average levels and the 95th percentile in both age groups was less than the associated acceptable daily intake (ADI). For synthetic dyes, the target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) were less than one, indicating that ingestion of these two dyes via food products does not pose a risk to children's overall health.
Dramatic response to entrectinib in a patient with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor harboring novel SNRNP70‐NTRK3 fusion gene
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Makise Naohiro , Shinozaki‐Ushiku Aya , Zhang Liuzhe , Ishibashi Yuki , Ikegami Masachika , Tsuda Yusuke , Kohsaka Shinji , Ushiku Tetsuo , Oda Katsutoshi , Miyagawa Kiyoshi , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Mano Hiroyuki , Tanaka Sakae
Published: July 2022

Neurotropic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK) gene rearrangements have been reported in limited cases of sarcomas; however, to date, there has been only one report of such rearrangements in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). Herein, we describe a 51‐year‐old male patient with a buttock tumor arising from the sciatic nerve, which was diagnosed as MPNST with positive S‐100 staining, negative SOX10 staining, and loss of trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3) confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Soon after the resection of the primary tumor, the patient was found to have pulmonary and lymph node metastases. Chemotherapy with eribulin and trabectedin showed limited effects. However, the patient responded rapidly to pazopanib, but severe side effects caused discontinuation of the treatment. RNA panel testing revealed a novel fusion gene between Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein U1 Subunit 70 (SNRNP70) gene and NTRK3 gene. Furthermore, loss of NF1, SUZ12, and CDKN2A genes was confirmed by DNA panel testing, which is compatible with a histological diagnosis of MPNST. SNRNP70 possesses a coiled‐coiled domain and seems to induce constitutive activation of NTRK3 through dimerization. In fact, immunohistochemistry revealed diffuse staining of pan‐TRK within tumor cells. Treatment with entrectinib, which is an NTRK inhibitor, showed a quick and durable response for 10 months. Although NTRK rearrangements are very rare in MPNST, this case highlights the importance of genetic testing in MPNST, especially using an RNA panel for the detection of rare fusion genes.
Impact of a prognostic model for overall survival on the decision‐making process in a head and neck cancer multidisciplinary consultation meeting
Authors: Dorr Maarten C. , Hoesseini Arta , Sewnaik Aniel , Hardillo José A. , Baatenburg de Jong Robert J. , Offerman Marinella P. J.
Published: July 2022

Background

Multidisciplinary decision‐making in head and neck cancer care is complex and requires a tradeoff between prolonging survival and optimizing quality of life. To support prognostication and decision‐making in head and neck cancer care, an individualized prognostic model for overall survival (OncologIQ) is available.

Methods

By quantitative and qualitative research we have studied user value of OncologIQ and its impact on the decision‐making process in a multidisciplinary consultation meeting.

Results

Healthcare professionals experienced added value upon using prognostic estimates of survival from OncologIQ in half (47.5%) of the measurements. Significant impact on the decision making process was seen when OncologIQ was used for older patients, patients having a WHO performance score ≥ 2, or high tumor stage.

Conclusions

The prognostic model OncologIQ enables patient‐centered decision‐making in a multidisciplinary consultation meeting and was mostly valued in complex patients.
Macroeconomic effects of global policy and financial risks
Authors: Ogawa Eiji , Luo Pengfei
Published: July 2022

Globalization has brought larger spillovers of global risks across borders since the 2000s. Specifically, global policy risk has sharply increased due to policy uncertainty in major countries in the recent decade as are shown in the Brexit, the US‐China trade friction and the COVID‐19 pandemic. This paper empirically investigates effects of both global policy risk and global financial risk on macroeconomy and financial markets in eight major countries from January 1997 to June 2020. We employed a structural vector autoregressive framework to obtain interesting empirical results. First, global risks have recessionary effects on the macroeconomy, reducing production, deteriorating employment, lowering long‐term interest rates, depressing prices and reducing global trade. Second, global risks also have recessionary effects on financial markets, plunging stock prices, appreciating the safe‐haven currencies and depreciating the other currencies. Third, the macroeconomies and the financial markets respond to the global financial risk more significantly than the global policy risk. Fourth, the recessionary effects of global risks vary depending on countries.