bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular toxicity associated with the multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor anlotinib
Authors: Zhao Shu , Wang Peng , Yin Fan , Wu Junjie , Wang Yuying , Li Peng , Zhang Yong , Yang Jing , Guo Xueguang , Zhang Dong , Song Peng
Published: March 2022

Background:

Anlotinib, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been shown to have encouraging activity against many tumors, but its cardiovascular toxicity has not been investigated specifically. We reviewed anlotinib-associated cardiovascular adverse events in patients and explored its cardiotoxicity in vitro.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed all cardiovascular events in 62 patients with unresectable tumors who had taken anlotinib and mainly examined anlotinib’s effects on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and blood pressure. Besides, we investigated its cardiotoxicity in Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocytes (NRVMs).

Results:

All-grade hypertension was seen in 60 patients (97%), and 25 individuals (40%) developed grade 3 hypertension. Significant univariate associations for predictors of post-treatment hypertension were age ( P<0.001), BMI ( P=0.003), ECOG PS( P<0.001), diabetes mellitus ( P=0.035), dose of anlotinib ( P=0.025). Multivariate analysis suggested that age [odds ratio (OR) 1.079, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.029–1.130, P= 0.001] and BMI [OR 3.448, 95% CI: 1.410–8.433, P= 0.007] were the only significant independent predictors. No grade 3/4 left ventricular systolic dysfunction was reported. One patient (2%) had acute myocardial infarction, leading to cardiac death. In vitro, western blotting results showed that the levels of ANP, BNP, c-Myc and Cleaved Caspase3 were notably increased and cardiomyocyte apoptosis was strikingly increased in anlotinib group, as detected by TUNEL staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry.

Conclusions:

Our study results showed that anlotinib could induce rat cardiomyocytes apoptosis. Nonetheless, anlotinib-associated cardiovascular toxicity was acceptable and manageable for patients with unresectable tumors.
Young Drivers’ Preferences for Gamification Schemes Toward Safer Driving Behaviors: A Pilot Study
Authors: Yen Barbara T. H. , Fu Chiang , Chiou Yu-Chiun
Published: March 2022

Young drivers are over-represented in motor vehicle crashes, and how to improve the risky behaviors of young drivers has been a critical issue around the world. In contrast to penalty programs to improve safety, incentive programs are usually less controversial and more politically feasible. This study used a stated preference survey to investigate the preferences of young drivers for four incentive programs, including two gamified schemes, an insurance fee discount scheme, and a license fee discount scheme, and how these programs may change driving behaviors. A pilot study was conducted on 500 young drivers in Queensland, Australia. The estimation results using a latent class logit model showed the sample of young drivers could be naturally categorized into three groups with more or less equal preference for each scheme. Less than 5% of young drivers were not interested in joining any one of these schemes, suggesting that most of the sample of young drivers could be motivated in the future to have better driving behavior via one of these incentive schemes.
Impact of Improved Density on Pavement Design Response for Low-Volume Roads/Non-Primary Routes
Authors: Bausano Jason , Blankenship Phillip , Rowe Geoffrey
Published: March 2022

Hughes said “Compaction is the single most important factor that affects pavement performance in terms of durability, fatigue life, resistance to deformation, strength, and moisture damage.” Past research studies have shown that a 1% decrease in air voids was estimated to improve the fatigue performance of asphalt pavements between 8.2% and 43.8%. Tran et al. quoted: “A 1% decrease in air voids was estimated to extend the service by conservatively 10% .” The objective of this research study is to show the impact of varying density properties using the concept of expected life difference. Fatigue life will be evaluated using the traditional fatigue life prediction equations and an advanced mechanistic empirical model (i.e., AASHTO Pavement ME). Dynamic modulus is the main input for conducting a pavement analysis and/or design when using AASHTO Pavement ME. The dynamic modulus data was generated from an extensive laboratory density study sponsored by Kentucky Transportation Cabinet. The air voids of the dynamic modulus samples varied from 11.4% to 3.9%. This study forms a framework for a highway agency, city, and county engineer if they are looking for an engineering solution as to why they should improve their in-place density specifications and what that impact is, using mechanistic empirical design procedures.
Understanding, controlling and optimising the cooling of waste thermal treatment beds including STARx Hottpads
Authors: Morales Ryan B , DeGroot Christopher T , Scholes Grant C , Gerhard Jason I
Published: March 2022

STARx (Self-sustaining Treatment for Active Remediation ex situ) is a thermal treatment strategy for contaminated soils and organic wastes. Key to this technology is that organics are embedded in porous matrix beds (e.g. sand). STARx induces a self-sustaining smouldering combustion front that traverses the bed, burning away the embedded contaminants/wastes. The time and cost effectiveness of this technology is largely dictated by the time required for cooling of the hot, clean, porous matrix bed that remains after treatment. This study is the first to explore the cooling of these beds. A suite of novel simulations investigated the influence of key parameters on bed-cooling time. The results reveal that cooling time decreased nearly linearly with decreases of volume-averaged bed temperature and bed bulk density. Increased injection air fluxes led to the non-linear decrease of cooling time. Also, cooling time was negatively impacted by bed temperature inhomogeneity, which influenced preferential air flow through cooler regions of the bed, bypassing hotter regions. From these results, using lower bulk density bed materials, increased air fluxes and enhancing wall insulation to improve bed temperature homogeneity were identified as system optimisations to reduce cooling times. While the aim of this research is to improve the STARx cooling process, the results are also highly applicable to many similar engineering systems that involve hot porous bed cooling.
New Insights in the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence: The Luksenburg System
Authors: Luksenburg Ariel , Barcia Juan J. , Gaviria Jorge , Sergio Roberto , Fernandez Santiago , Pelosi Marco A. , Pelosi Marco A.
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Urinary incontinence (UI) is an important clinical problem which affects millions of women worldwide. We describe the Luksenburg system, a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of UI in women, using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections and polycaprolactone (PCL) threads.

Material & Methods:

A total of 302 patients with UI, mean age 52, were evaluated with detailed history, examination, urinary diary, complete laboratory tests, ultrasonography, urodynamic studies, and completion of International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF). Under local anesthesia, PRP was injected through the anterior vaginal wall, and PCL threads were placed in paraurethral, suburethral, and lateral urethrovaginal spaces, using instruments developed for safe and effective performance. Patients were analyzed at 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks and 6 months posttreatment. Twenty patients were biopsied preoperatively and 60 days after treatment.

Results:

Symptoms, ICIQ-UI SF score, and postoperative urodynamic studies were significantly improved in 95% of patients with UI grade I, 92% of patients with UI grade II, and in 30% of UI grade III. Biopsies after treatment showed a dense connective tissue 3-dimensional mesh. No complications or adverse effects were observed. All patients declared satisfaction with results, will have the procedure again, and will recommend it.

Discussion:

The Luksenburg system results in strengthening of the paraurethral, suburethral, and lateral urethrovaginal spaces and the mucosa of the anterior vaginal wall. The combination of PRP injections and the placement of PCL threads create a fibrotic and absorbable mesh-like structure, aimed to increase the urethral resistance, so that under effort the intravesical pressure does not overcome the urethral pressure.

Conclusions:

These results support that the Luksenburg system is safe and a cost-effective alternative in patients with all grades of UI, reducing the need for invasive surgical procedures.
Intravenous Brivaracetam in the Management of Acute Seizures in the Hospital Setting: A Scoping Review
Authors: Lee Kiwon , Klein Pavel , Dongre Prashant , Choi Eun Jung , Rhoney Denise H.
Published: March 2022

Background

Clinical considerations for drug treatment of acute seizures involve variables such as safety, tolerability, drug-drug interactions, dosage, route of administration, and alterations in pharmacokinetics because of critical illness. Therapy options that are easily and quickly administered without dilution, well tolerated, and effective are needed for the treatment of acute seizures. The objective of this review is to focus on the clinical considerations relating to the use of intravenous brivaracetam (IV BRV) for the treatment of acute seizures in the hospital, focusing on critically ill patients.

Methods

This was a scoping literature review of PubMed from inception to April 13, 2021, and search of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) 2021 Annual Meeting website for English language publications/conference abstracts reporting the results of IV BRV use in hospitalized patients, particularly in the critical care setting. Outcomes of interest relating to the clinical pharmacology, safety, tolerability, efficacy, and effectiveness of IV BRV were reviewed and are discussed.

Results

Twelve studies were included for analysis. One study showed that plasma concentrations of IV BRV 15 min after the first dose were similar between patients receiving IV BRV as bolus or infusion. IV BRV was generally well tolerated in patients with acute seizures in the hospital setting, with a low incidence of individual TEAEs classified as behavioral disorders. IV BRV demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness and had a rapid onset, with clinical and electrophysiological improvement in seizures observed within minutes. Although outside of the approved label, findings from several studies suggest that IV BRV reduces seizures and is generally well tolerated in patients with status epilepticus.

Conclusions

IV BRV shows effectiveness, and is generally well tolerated in the management of acute seizures in hospitalized patients where rapid administration is needed, representing a clinically relevant antiseizure medication for potential use in the critical care setting.
Personality coherence: Advances in theory, assessment, and research
Authors: Fajkowska Małgorzata
Published: March 2022

This special issue of the European Journal of Personality, entitled Towards conceptualizing and assessing personality coherence and incoherence, was designed to call for new approaches to the understanding and assessment of personality coherence. Seven papers have been brought together as a result: three theoretical and four empirical Although these papers are devoted to portraying novel or expanded existing conceptual and methodological approaches to personality coherence, they also share a historic commitment to studying this phenomenon. Based on those contributions, I refer to the four topics: (1) novel, extended, validated models of personality coherence, (2) personality coherence and related constructs, (3) functional/adaptive meaning of personality coherence, and (4) assessment-related issues that help display advances in the theory, measurement, and research on personality coherence. In addition, I present four areas that have been identified as avenues for future research: (1) potentials for further developing the personality coherence field, (2) personality coherence, self, and character, (4) personality coherence and development, and (4) personality coherence across different cultures.
Rethinking the growth machine logic in cultural development: Urban sculpture planning in Shanghai
Authors: Zheng Jane
Published: March 2022

Using urban sculpture planning in Shanghai as a case study, this article aims to understand the process of planning cultural projects in China and to evaluate the applicability of the growth machine model to the social dynamics underlying cultural development in Chinese cities. Based on interviews with sculpture planning officers in 10 districts and the municipality, as well as 56 companies that have been involved in sculpture projects in Shanghai, this article argues that the growth machine model is of limited applicability to urban sculpture planning in Shanghai. Instead, a public-sector-centred tripartite model is more applicable for the following reasons. First, most cooperative relationships in key cultural development projects engage state-patronized public corporations instead of the private sector. Here the government plays a dominant role. Second, public–private partnership is rare and loosely formed. The broadly defined concept of shared cultural capital that includes personal artistic tastes, altruistic motivations, and brand building concerns engenders public–private cooperation. Third, the local state adopts a laissez-faire approach to most of the private-sector-invested cultural projects that the government considers to be less crucial to its vision for Shanghai’s art landscape.
Stressing the ‘body electric’: History and psychology of the techno-ecologies of work stress
Authors: Pykett Jessica , Paterson Mark
Published: March 2022

This article explores histories of the science of stress and its measurement from the mid 19th century, and brings these into dialogue with critical sociological analysis of emerging responses to work stress in policy and practice. In particular, it shows how the contemporary development of biomedical and consumer devices for stress self-monitoring is based on selectively rediscovering the biological determinants and biomarkers of stress, human functioning in terms of evolutionary ecology, and the physical health impacts of stress. It considers how the placement of the individual body and its environment within particular spatio-temporal configurations renders it subject to experimental investigation through standardized apparatus, electricity, and statistical normalization. Examining key themes and processes such as homeostasis, metricization, datafication, and emotional governance, we conclude that the figure of the ‘body electric’ plays a central limiting role in current technology-supported approaches to managing work stress, and that an historical account can usefully open these to collective scrutiny.
Secondary Processing of Aramid with AWJ and Optimization with NSGA-III
Authors: Kahya Müge , Doğankaya Emre , Çaylan Ömer , Büke Zarife Göknur , Ünver Hakkı Özgür
Published: March 2022

The secondary operations of composite parts are performed following thermal cure processes, which generate the final dimensions with desired tolerance and quality specifications. High-strength composites, on the other hand, especially aramid fiber-reinforced polymers (AFRP), are not suitable for conventional machining operations due in part to high operational costs and limited surface quality characterized by fuzziness and delamination. Abrasive Water Jet (AWJ) has been recently shown promising results in obtaining improved surface quality while ensuring significant cost advantages. This study investigates the AWJ processing of AFRP by implementing the analysis of variance and response surface methods. The effects of the control parameters (sand ratio, pressure, stand-off-distance, and feed rate) on the surface quality metrics (surface roughness, kerf angle, and dimensional error) are identified and comparatively evaluated. The surface quality of the AWJ processed AFRP specimens are investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The trade-offs between the measured tolerances and surface roughness values are identified via a new genetic algorithm approach: Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-III). Also, operation regions are determined using the generated Pareto curves while improving the quality of various features of an AFRP component, critical to its functional performance during extended service life. As a result, the lowest Ra values obtained were 4.135 µm for trimming, 5.962 µm for pocketing, and 4.696 µm for the hole-making operation. The maximum error in the accuracy of operating regions yields to 7% with independent measurements for validation.
Cohesive zone parametric analysis in the tensile impact strength of tubular adhesive joints
Authors: Silva A.F.M.V. , Peres L.M.C. , Campilho R.D.S.G. , Rocha R.J.B. , Silva F.J.G.
Published: March 2022

The use of tubular adhesive joints has considerably grown, including applications in truss/vehicles frames and fluid transportation pipelines, but the impact performance of these joints is under addressed in the literature. It thus becomes pertinent to propose modelling techniques to predict and characterize tubular joints to withstand these loads, which involve a higher modelling complexity than the static loading case. This work evaluates, by cohesive zone modelling (CZM), the tensile impact strength of tubular joints between AW6082-T651 aluminium alloy adherends and bonded with different adhesives. Initially, CZM validation was accomplished with single-lap joint (SLJ) data. For the tubular joints, the influence of geometric parameters was evaluated by changing the overlap length ( LO) and outer tube thickness ( tSE). The analysis begins with an elastic stress analysis to the adhesive layer, followed by maximum load ( Pm) and dissipated energy at failure ( U) predictions using CZM, impact velocity effect and comparison with static analytical solutions. With this study, it was possible to evaluate the different geometrical parameters, select the optimal geometry and adhesive type, and to validate the CZM technique for the impact strength prediction of tubular adhesive joints.
British Association for Sexual Health and HIV national guideline for the management of Genital Molluscum in adults (2021)
Authors: Fernando Imali , K Edwards Sarah , Grover Deepa
Published: March 2022

This guideline offers recommendations on diagnosis, treatment regimens and health promotion principles needed for the effective management of genital molluscum, including management of the initial presentation and recurrences. The Primary focus of the guideline is on infection which affects the genital area and has a sexual mode of transmission. This is an update to the guideline previously published in this journal in 2014.
A new poverty indicator for Europe: The extended headcount ratio
Authors: Goedemé Tim , Decerf Benoit , Van den Bosch Karel
Published: March 2022

The methodology currently used to measure poverty in the European Union faces some important limitations. Capturing key aspects of poverty is done using a dashboard of indicators, which often tell conflicting stories. We propose a new income-based measure of poverty for Europe that captures in a consistent way in a single indicator the level of relative poverty, the intensity of poverty, poverty with a threshold anchored in time and a pan-European perspective on poverty. To do so, we work with a recently developed poverty index, the extended headcount ratio (EHC) and derive the relevant poverty lines to apply the index to poverty in Europe. We show empirically that our measure consistently captures the aspects typically monitored using a variety of indicators and yields rankings that seem more aligned with intuitions than those obtained by these individual indicators. According to our measure, Eastern Europe has a much higher level of poverty than Southern Europe, which, in turn, has a considerably higher level of poverty than North-Western Europe. In North-Western Europe, the evolution of our measure over time correlates most strongly with the at-risk-of-poverty rate, while in Southern and Eastern Europe, it correlates most strongly with at-risk-of-poverty with the threshold anchored in time.
Technology, Gender and Fishing in an Odisha Village
Authors: Ray Sthitapragyan , Mukherjee Sramana
Published: March 2022

The introduction of a new fishing technology in a small riverine village of Odisha resulted in paradoxical socio-economic outcomes. The fresh and flowing water pisciculture through the innovative Pen technology, which was based on an enclosure aquaculture system, bound from all sides by a close-knit row of multiple pens, improved productivity, income and employment levels of the fishing community. But the new technology also aggravated extant gender inequalities in the village, located on the banks of the river Mahanadi. The gendering of access to, control over and use of Pen culture in the fishing village of Naraj decided the winners and losers in this technological change. Systematic social closure and institutional bias not only ensured the exclusion of fisherwomen from accessing and utilising the new productive technology and related resources in Naraj but also reinforced the traditional male domination in the fishery sector.
Narrating Legal Reform: The Open Letter and the Anti-rape Movement in Perspective
Authors: Kanjilal Amartya
Published: March 2022

This article examines a foundational moment in the history of the women’s movement in India and its engagement with the law: the open letter to the Supreme Court written in 1979 by four scholars of the law—Upendra Baxi, Lotika Sarkar, Raghunath Kelkar and Vasudha Dhagamwar. As part of an effort to commemorate Lotika Sarkar’s work and legacy, this article looks at the letter as an event embedded in a certain history of feminist mobilisation and legal reform, of which Lotika Sarkar remains an integral part. It attempts to understand and narrativise the contiguous political climate within which the letter was written, the legal critiques that it espoused, the kind of politics and affiliations it led to, the governmental responses it evoked and the new categories and concepts it introduced to the jurisprudence of sexual offences in India.
‘Voluntarily Childless’: An Auto-ethnographic Account of a Man’s Struggles in India
Authors: Bahttacharyya Anindya
Published: March 2022

This article is an account of the struggles of a man in a patriarchal cultural context, where the idea of childfree men is despised and regularly confronted. Autoethnography is a method and a means to story-telling not only of the struggles that a man faces but also is a living document of the interactions, relationships, acquaintances and family regarding a choice over voluntary parenthood. The idea of voluntary childless men is a rarity in Indian cultural context of compulsory motherhood, especially in a pronatalist culture. Women’s struggles have been documented but it is rarely that a man’s position is located.
3D Photography to Quantify the Severity of Metopic Craniosynostosis
Authors: Bruce Madeleine K. , Tao Wenzheng , Beiriger Justin , Christensen Cameron , Pfaff Miles J. , Whitaker Ross , Goldstein Jesse A.
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the utility of 3D photography for evaluating the severity of metopic craniosynostosis (MCS) using a validated, supervised machine learning (ML) algorithm.

This single-center retrospective cohort study included patients who were evaluated at our tertiary care center for MCS from 2016 to 2020 and underwent both head CT and 3D photography within a 2-month period.

The analysis method builds on our previously established ML algorithm for evaluating MCS severity using skull shape from CT scans. In this study, we regress the model to analyze 3D photographs and correlate the severity scores from both imaging modalities.

14 patients met inclusion criteria, 64.3% male (n = 9). The mean age in years at 3D photography and CT imaging was 0.97 and 0.94, respectively. Ten patient images were obtained preoperatively, and 4 patients did not require surgery. The severity prediction of the ML algorithm correlates closely when comparing the 3D photographs to CT bone data (Spearman correlation coefficient [SCC] r = 0.75; Pearson correlation coefficient [PCC] r = 0.82).

The results of this study show that 3D photography is a valid alternative to CT for evaluation of head shape in MCS. Its use will provide an objective, quantifiable means of assessing outcomes in a rigorous manner while decreasing radiation exposure in this patient population.
Impact of Insurance Status on Initiation of Breast Milk Feeding Among Infants With CL ± P
Authors: Stowe Gabrielle , Schleif Eshan P. , Perry Jamie L. , Briley Patrick M.
Published: March 2022

To evaluate rates of breast milk feeding among infants with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL ± P) enrolled in Medicaid compared to Private Insurance/Self-Pay.

This was a population-based retrospective cohort study.

The 2018 US National Vital Statistics System—Natality component (NVSS-N) was used to examine nationwide birth certificate data.

Infants with cleft lip with or without cleft palate and either Medicaid or Private Insurance/Self-Pay were included.

Breast milk feeding rates among infants with CL ± P, as a function of insurance status.

Chi-square tests of independence revealed that of 896 infants with CL ± P and insured by Medicaid, 527 (58.8%) were breast milk fed at discharge. Of 865 infants with CL ± P and insured by Private Insurance/Self-Pay, 621 (71.8%) were breast milk fed at discharge. Using logistic regression models and controlling for baseline demographic differences, results indicated that infants with CL ± P in the Medicaid group had reduced odds of breast milk feeding compared to the Private Insurance/Self-Pay group (OR = 0.08; 95% CI 0.56, 0.96).

Breast milk support services are often necessary for the initiation of breast milk feeding among infants with CL ± P. However, these resources are likely not as readily available for those enrolled in Medicaid. These results suggest that infants with CL ± P, enrolled in Medicaid, may experience reduced breast milk feeding rates due to limited resources to initiate breast milk feeding. Factors that may promote breast milk feeding among this population are discussed.
Submucous Cleft Palate (SMCP): Indications and Outcomes of Radical Muscle Dissection Palatoplasty in Children Under 4 Years of Age
Authors: Ghanem Ali M. , Ghorbanian Samim , Borg Tiffanie-Marie , Sell Debbie , Sommerlad Brian C.
Published: March 2022

To delineate the indications, referral sources and outcomes of radical muscle dissection palate repair in the first 4 years of life for patients with submucous cleft palate (SMCP).

This study presents a retrospective analysis of a single surgeon's management.

All children were treated at Great Ormond Street Hospital, United Kingdom.

Twenty-three children with nonsyndromic SMCP were included in this study.

All participants underwent radical muscle dissection repair before their fourth birthday.

Parameters analyzed included: referral sources, indications for referral, extent of anatomical abnormality, and postoperative outcomes.

Paediatricians provided the largest proportion of referrals to the cleft lip and palate clinic (39%) due to the presence of cleft lip/palate on prenatal scans or during neonatal examination. Over half (n = 12, 52%) of patients had severe anatomical anomalies being in grade IV (score 8-9), with the classical triad present to some extent in all but 2 of the patients. The main indication for surgery was nasal regurgitation of food and liquid (n = 9, 35%) followed by hypernasality (n = 6, 21%), difficulty feeding (n = 3, 8%), and severe anatomical defect (n = 2; 4%). Postoperatively, the presenting complaint improved in the majority of cases.

Nonsyndromic SMCP is often missed, though may present with nasal regurgitation, feeding problems, and/or hypernasality, though may be missed in nonsyndromic children. Early radical muscle dissection repair in the first 4 years of life is safe and effective, facilitating normal speech development.
Police Union and Police Association Communications on Social Media and Legitimacy Spillover in Canada
Authors: Isaak Nathan , Walby Kevin
Published: March 2022

Although literature on police use of social media is expanding, almost all previous research has focused on police services. Existing literature has not examined the social media communications of multi-jurisdictional police unions and other associations. Unions represent police members during collective bargaining. Multi-jurisdictional police associations represent a specific issue or demographic within policing. We examine Twitter use by multi-jurisdictional police unions and associations in Canada. Although we demonstrate that there is variation by type of organization, we nevertheless contend the central aim of these union and associations communications is to provide horizontal legitimacy spillover, legitimizing not only police officers across Canada but the police institution itself. In conclusion, we reflect on what these findings mean for literatures on police social media communications and police unions and associations.
Online Incivility in the 2020 Congressional Elections
Authors: Heseltine Michael , Dorsey Spencer
Published: March 2022

This paper explores the prevalence and correlates of political incivility among Congressional candidates in the 2020 election cycle, focusing specifically on which types of candidates were most likely to use uncivil language in their online communications and the self-reinforcing nature of incivility between candidates. Based on a comprehensive analysis of more than two million tweets sent by major party candidates in the 2020 House and Senate races, we conclude that several individual and electoral factors were influential in driving candidate incivility. Specifically, Republicans, challengers, and candidates in less competitive races were more likely to use uncivil rhetoric. Women, racial minorities, and candidates running in open seat races were less prone to incivility. We also find that incivility begets incivility, with candidates whose opponents used higher rates of incivility also being more likely to use incivility themselves. Uncivil tweets were also found to generate significantly more likes and retweets, suggesting that incivility is a viable means of driving engagement for candidates. These results shed light on the factors behind incivility among political elites, as well as highlight the feedback effects which contribute to a self-reinforcing rise in political incivility.
The efficacy and cost-impact of rasburicase 3 mg versus 6 mg for the management of tumor lysis syndrome: A multicenter analysis
Authors: Marjoncu Dennis , Holman Kori
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Hyperuricemia is a complication arising from tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). Literature has shown that a single 3 mg dose was just as efficacious as a single 6 mg dose when the uric acid (UA) levels were ≤12 mg/dL. Here, we present a multi-center analysis rasburicase utilization and its effect on healthcare costs. Methods: This is a multi-center, retrospective analysis of adult cancer patients who were admitted to Methodist Le Bonheur Healthcare hospitals and received rasburicase from February 2020 to February 2021. The primary endpoint was to test whether rasburicase 3 mg had similar rates of uric acid normalization (defined as uric acid ≤7.5 mg/dL) within 24 h as a dose of 6 mg. Results: Seventy-nine patients were included in the study. While the baseline uric acid was lower in the 3 mg arm compared to the 6 mg arms, there was no difference in the uric acid normalization at 24 h between the 3 mg arm (95%) and 6 mg arm (82%) ( p = 0.134). A cost-savings of over $300,000 annually can be achieved with the proposed protocol. Conclusion: A single, fixed rasburicase dose of 3 mg was effective in normalizing uric acid levels within 24 h, and is associated with significant cost-savings.
Recurrence of tubercular choroiditis following anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination
Authors: Arora Atul , Handa Sabia , Singh Simar Rajan , Sharma Aman , Bansal Reema , Agrawal Rupesh , Gupta Vishali
Published: March 2022

Purpose

To report recurrence of tubercular choroiditis following anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in two patients with quiescent disease activity for more than a year.

Methods

Retrospective observational case reports.

Results

Two patients (one female and one male) under follow-up for posterior uveitis having stable course with absence of ocular inflammation for more than a year presented with recurrence of choroiditis lesions 2–6 weeks following anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Both the patients were managed with intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex®, Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) and showed resolution of choroiditis lesions upon follow-up.

Conclusions

Acute onset recurrence of inflammation, in absence of any change in health status or treatment suggests the potential role of vaccination being the trigger of this reactivation. Given large-scale vaccination against novel coronavirus- SARS-CoV-2, careful vigilance is warranted to pick up the disease recurrence in patients with posterior uveitis.
A high body mass index tilts the pelvis caudally in the lateral decubitus position for total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Okutani Yuki , Kataoka Masanao , Harada Hideto , Kunishita Takahide , Ryoki Hayato , Arai Ryuzo
Published: March 2022

Background:

Accurate cup placement is essential for obtaining excellent outcomes in total hip arthroplasty (THA). We evaluated the pelvic lateral tilt of the patient (which affects the incline of the acetabular cup in THA) and investigated the factors affecting it.

Methods:

We reviewed the medical records of THA procedures performed at our hospital between October 2015 and January 2021 for which an anteroposterior pelvic radiograph was always taken preoperatively once the patient was placed in the lateral decubitus position. These radiographs were used to measure the lateral pelvic tilt in each case. We analysed whether patient factors (sex, body mass index [BMI], range of motion of abduction or adduction in both hips, surgical history of both hips, and lumbar Cobb angle) influenced the tilt.

Results:

We reviewed 363 cases (341 primary, 22 revision). The mean pelvic lateral tilt was 4.1°, and the operated hip was located on the caudal side compared to the unoperated hip. Statistical analyses revealed that the patient BMI and surgical history of the operated and unoperated hips significantly influenced tilt.

Conclusions:

The pelvis in the lateral decubitus position leaned 4.1° to the caudal side, most commonly due to a high BMI. Surgeons should consider this when performing acetabular cup implantation in THA.
Algorithmic resistance as political disengagement
Authors: Magalhães João C.
Published: March 2022

This article suggests that algorithmic resistance might involve a particular and rarely considered kind of evasion—political disengagement. Based on interviews with ordinary Brazilian users of Facebook, it argues that some people may stop acting politically on social media platforms as a way of avoiding an algorithmic visibility regime that is felt as demeaning their civic voices. Three reasons given by users to explain their disengagement are discussed: the assumption that, by creating bubbles, algorithms render their citizenship useless; the understanding that being seen on Facebook entails unacceptable sacrifices to their values and well-being; and the distress caused by successfully attaining political visibility but being unable to fully control it. The article explores the normative ambiguities of this type of algorithmic resistance, contextualizing it in Brazil's autocratization process.
‘This is ridiculous – I need to start a paper…’: An exploration of aims and intentions of regional print proprietors of post-COVID start-up newspapers
Authors: Barnes Renee , Dugmore Harry , English Peter , Natoli Rosanna , Stephens Elizabeth J
Published: March 2022

In May 2020 at the height of Australia's first national COVID lockdown, NewsCorp Australia announced that more than 125 regional newspapers would either be closed or become available online-only. Queensland was hit hard with 22 regional and 20 community newspapers shifting to online formats, and 15 community newspapers closing. Yet within months of the NewsCorp changes, a significant number of new print newspapers were being announced to fill the ‘news deserts’. Broadly welcomed by those in these local communities, the new publications suggest a reinvigoration of long-standing norms and tenets, many of which are specific to regional print news media, such as community-centred, locally-shaped news values and high reliance on ‘micro-ads’ (i.e. classifieds) and hyper-local business revenue. But given the dire prognostications about print business models, what are the aims and intentions of these start-ups (n = 22), and how do they translate their notions of community-centric news into business models they perceive as viable? Drawing on Hanitzsch and Vos framework for the discursive constructions of journalists’ role in society, we find these newspaper start-ups both reassert and claim more vigorously the normative values associated with community journalism as ‘social glue’, while also developing ‘lean start-up’ business models that capitalise on the sense of a local newspaper's ‘social good’ functions through an affective rationale. We argue this represents a shift to a new ‘hybrid’ model, with strong elements of a traditional and still feisty monitorial news values fusing with a more ‘morale-enhancing’ and explicitly social cohesion-centric role conceptions. We call it a ‘community cohesion model’.
Stuck between the Global North and South: Middling migrants in Australia and Singapore
Authors: Ang Sylvia
Published: March 2022

The literature on ‘middling transnationals’ is growing, although studies on Asian middling migrants are still relatively lacking. Current understandings of middling migrants are also frequently fixed on migrants’ mid-level skills and their middle-class status. Drawing on interviews with Nepali migrants living in Melbourne, Australia and mainland Chinese migrants living in Singapore respectively, this article considers how their middling visa status and imaginaries interact with anxious desires. The article argues, first, that migrants from the Global South experience heightened anxious desires due to imaginaries oscillating between the Global North and South. Second, and relatedly, the article argues that migration regimes keep migrants compliant through managing their anxious desires. By detailing the experiences of different groups of Asian migrants in separate migration regimes, the article aims to highlight the heterogeneous experiences among migrants originating from the Global South, and the techniques used by different states to produce temporary and compliant migrants.
Party contestation and news visibility abroad: The 2019 European Parliament election from a pan-European perspective
Authors: Meyer Thomas M. , Gattermann Katjana
Published: March 2022

We ask whether and why European political parties receive election news coverage abroad and investigate this phenomenon by combining theoretical stipulations regarding the politicisation of European integration and the horizontal Europeanisation of national public spheres. Based on a content analysis of 64 newspapers in 16 European Union countries following the 2019 European Parliament election, we argue that contestation over European integration increases the likelihood that foreign journalists report election results from a particular member state. Eurosceptic parties are more often visible abroad than Europhile parties, unless they stood for election in a highly polarised party system. Our results have important implications for the European Union's legitimacy as contestation over European integration increases the chances for citizens to learn about election results in other European countries.
The communitarian stigma: Stigmatization as a mechanism of institutional racism in France
Authors: Haapajärvi Linda
Published: March 2022

This article examines minority citizens’ attempts of civic participation in the working-class banlieue of Tiercy in the Paris area by considering the double-bind they are confronted to: their efforts to perform as active and locally engaged citizens are readily abrogated by suspicions of violating what public authorities understand as appropriate modes of civic participation. By zooming into the chain of events that caused a minority leader of West African origin to be disqualified as a civic actor based on accusations of ‘communitarianism’, it develops a relational analysis of stigmatization as a meso-level mechanism of institutional racism. The analysis shows that competing definitions of ‘civic’ and asymmetrical social relations together engender racially differentiated principles of interaction that prepare the ground for the emergence of stigma in organization settings.
Critical Race Theory, Methodology, and Semiotics: The Analytical Utility of a “Race” Conscious Approach for Visual Qualitative Research
Authors: Lawrence Stefan , Hylton Kevin
Published: March 2022

Over the last 30 years, Critical Race Theory (CRT) has been applied successfully as an analytical framework, through which, to explore matters of “race,” racialization, and subordination in numerous fields. For CRT to continue to be relevant, there is a need to reorient it as a guiding analytical framework, to account for the ubiquity of digital technologies across liberal Western democracies and the ways in which they have radically changed social and cultural production. During this article, we wish to extend this argument further and encourage the development of critical race methodologies (CRMs) fit for the (hyper)digital moment, so we are equipped better to challenge the persistence of racialized hierarchies and the emerging cultural circumstances in which they operate. It identifies the philosophical principles that underpin CRMs and concludes by outlining critical race semiotics (CRS) as an analytical tool dedicated to human emancipation, particular to our highly visual culture.
The Prognostic Utility of Electroencephalography in Stroke Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vatinno Amanda A , Simpson Annie , Ramakrishnan Viswanathan , Bonilha Heather S. , Bonilha Leonardo , Seo Na Jin
Published: March 2022

Background

Improved ability to predict patient recovery would guide post-stroke care by helping clinicians personalize treatment and maximize outcomes. Electroencephalography (EEG) provides a direct measure of the functional neuroelectric activity in the brain that forms the basis for neuroplasticity and recovery, and thus may increase prognostic ability.

Objective

To examine evidence for the prognostic utility of EEG in stroke recovery via systematic review/meta-analysis.

Methods

Peer-reviewed journal articles that examined the relationship between EEG and subsequent clinical outcome(s) in stroke were searched using electronic databases. Two independent researchers extracted data for synthesis. Linear meta-regressions were performed across subsets of papers with common outcome measures to quantify the association between EEG and outcome.

Results

75 papers were included. Association between EEG and clinical outcomes was seen not only early post-stroke, but more than 6 months post-stroke. The most studied prognostic potential of EEG was in predicting independence and stroke severity in the standard acute stroke care setting. The meta-analysis showed that EEG was associated with subsequent clinical outcomes measured by the Modified Rankin Scale, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Assessment (r = .72, .70, and .53 from 8, 13, and 12 papers, respectively). EEG improved prognostic abilities beyond prediction afforded by standard clinical assessments. However, the EEG variables examined were highly variable across studies and did not converge.

Conclusions

EEG shows potential to predict post-stroke recovery outcomes. However, evidence is largely explorative, primarily due to the lack of a definitive set of EEG measures to be used for prognosis.
Airline Disruption Management: A Naturalistic Decision-Making Perspective in an Operational Control Centre
Authors: Bertelli Fogaça Lucas , Henriqson Eder , Carim Junior Guido , Lando Felipe
Published: March 2022

Operations Control Centres (OCCs) are critical structures used by airlines to oversee the execution of all planned flights, managing punctuality, regularity and customer support. In this study, we investigated the decision-making during flight disruptions inside an OCC from the naturalistic decision-making perspective. We conducted a mini-ethnography case study in a major South American airline, focussing on how functions critical to the flight disruption management cope with variability. Data collection included document analyses, field notes, direct observations and interviews. The functional description of work-as-done revealed how the OCC constantly and actively looks for signs of disruption while monitoring the normal operation and rebalancing resources. The decision-making process is distributed and decentralised across multiple functions, where experts from each function rely on a repertoire of strategies to deploy innovative solutions to dynamic scenarios. Five different mechanisms were identified that converge functions to disarm potential disruptions before they compromise the flight network, and continuously create and reinforce system buffers.
Reconstructive Timing of Nail Preserved Fingertip Injury With Reverse Digital Artery Island Flap
Authors: Usami Satoshi , Kawahara Sanshiro , Inami Kohei , Hirase Yuichi
Published: March 2022

Background:

This study aimed to compare the outcomes of reverse digital artery island flap (RDAIF) in primary and secondary reconstruction after failed replantation or composite graft method.

Methods:

This study retrospectively analyzed 42 patients that underwent RDAIF (18 primary and 24 secondary). Preoperative details (demographics, injury details, and waiting days) and postoperative outcomes (active arc of proximal interphalangeal [PIP] and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints, extension loss of PIP, flexion arc of metacarpophalangeal joint, total active motion, flap sensation, the presence of numbness, Tinel’s sign and cold intolerance) were evaluated. Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score (Quick-DASH) and patient satisfaction were also statistically compared between the 2 groups.

Results:

There was no significant difference in patient demographics between the 2 groups in sex, age, smoking and diabetic history, affected hand and finger, injury type and level, and flap area. The only difference was in waiting days. Similar sensory recovery and patient satisfaction were found in both groups. Range of motion in the DIP and PIP joints, extension loss of PIP, total active motion, and Quick-DASH were superior in the primary coverage group. Increasing age, subzone III injury, and secondary reconstruction were found to be the factors that adversely affected the postoperative range of motion.

Conclusions:

Secondary reconstruction was more likely to result in joint contracture. In the event of a damaged fingertip amputation in older patients, primary flap reconstruction should be considered as the initial treatment of choice, with regard to the ultimate range of motion.