bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bloch surface wave resonances generated with dielectric stack of high refractive index contrast deposited on a D-shaped optical fiber for sensing applications
Authors: Del Villar Ignacio , Kwietniewski Norbert , Gonzalez-Valencia Esteban , Burnat Dariusz , Armas Dayron , Pituła Emil , Matías Ignacio R. , Chiavaioli Francesco , Torres Pedro , Śmietana Mateusz
Published: November 2022

A 5-layer stack composed of TiO2 and Al2O3, two materials with a high refractive index contrast, was deposited on a D-shaped fiber to generate Bloch surface wave resonances with an improved figure of merit.
A tapered optical fiber propulsion system for studying underwater laser propulsion of microspheres
Authors: He Yichen , Li Hanyang , Zhang Haoran , Zhou Gaoqian , Ge Yang
Published: November 2022

In this work, we design and test a micro propulsion system employed with a tapered optical fiber for studying the interaction of nanosecond laser pulses with polystyrene (PS) microsphere in the water environment.
Distributed Temperature Sensing Data Analysis to Prevent Erosion and Estimate Depth-of-Cover
Authors: Ravet Fabien , Goy Alexandre , Rochat Etienne
Published: November 2022

Erosion is a natural hazard that threatens transportation infrastructures. DTS can be used to detect and localize erosion. A correlation analysis is introduced to quantify erosion and to spatially profile the soil cover.
Losing the Lens
Authors: Antipa Nick
Published: November 2022

Bolstered by machine learning and codesign techniques, mask-based
lensless imaging offers a route to ultrathin multispectral cameras, novel
microscope designs and more.
Surfing the Wakefield
Authors: Cartlidge Edwin
Published: November 2022

Scientists have shown that lasers can accelerate electrons to
immense energies within a few centimeters of plasma. Their aim now is to
build a useful machine.
Time Crystals in Optics
Authors: Taheri Hossein , Matsko Andrey B. , Maleki Lute , Sacha Krzysztof
Published: November 2022

Optical techniques could help take “time
crystals”—examples of temporal order and symmetry-breaking
analogous to solid-state crystals in space-out of the lab and into
real-world use.
Highly efficient tunable broadband terahertz polarizers based on a graphene metasurface
Authors: Mazraeh-Fard Isa , Alighanbari Abbas
Published: November 2022

Ultrathin tunable broadband terahertz transmission mode linear-to-circular polarizers are proposed and numerically validated. Each structure consists of a dielectric substrate with slotted graphene patches on one or both sides of the substrate. Both polarizers yield tunable broadband conversion with large transmission coefficients in terahertz frequency range. Compared to the previous polarizers, the proposed structure with a single-layer of graphene patches exhibits a 120% larger fractional bandwidth and 60% larger transmittance. The polarizer with two layers of graphene patches features a 138% larger fractional bandwidth and 25% larger transmittance, compared to the previous polarizers, with excellent axial ratio. The tuning frequency range for the proposed single- and double-layer structures is (2.4 to 4.9) and (1.8 to 5.8) THz, respectively. The tuning is achieved by varying the graphene Fermi energy (chemical potential) from 0.2 to 1 eV, by the application of a DC bias voltage. Moreover, the polarization conversion performance is well maintained under oblique incidence condition, over a wide range of incident angles up to 70°. The size of the square-shaped unit cell is λ0/10, much smaller than the free-space wavelength of the incident waves,
λ
0
, while the thickness is λ0/22. With the above features, the present work offers a further step in developing controllable polarization converters with potential applications in imaging, sensing, and communications.
Racial and neighborhood disparities in mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the United States: An analysis of the CDC case surveillance database
Authors: Joseph Atarere , Uribe-Leitz Tarsicio , Dey Tanujit , Havens Joaquim , Cooper Zara , Raykar Nakul
Published: November 2022

Background

Black and Hispanic populations have higher overall COVID-19 infection and mortality odds compared to Whites. Some state-wide studies conducted in the early months of the pandemic found no in-hospital racial disparities in mortality.

Methods

We performed chi-square and logistic regression analyses on the CDC COVID-19 Case Surveillance Restricted Database. The primary outcome of the study was all-cause in-hospital mortality. The primary exposures were racial group (White, Black, Hispanic and Others) and neighborhood type (low vulnerability, moderate vulnerability, high vulnerability, very high vulnerability).

Findings

The overall unadjusted mortality rate was 33% and was lowest among Hispanics. In the fully adjusted models, Blacks and Hispanics had higher overall odds of dying [OR of 1.20 (95% CI 1.15, 1.25) and 1.23 (95% CI 1.17, 1.28) respectively] compared with White patients, and patients from neighborhoods with very high vulnerability had the highest mortality odds in the Northeast, Midwest and overall [Adjusted OR 2.08 (95% CI 1.91, 2.26)]. In the Midwest, Blacks and Hispanics had higher odds of mortality compared with Whites, but this was not observed in other regions.

Interpretation

Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, Blacks and Hispanics were more likely to die compared to Whites in the Midwest. Patients from highly vulnerable neighborhoods also had the highest likelihood of death in the Northeast and Midwest. These results raise important questions on our efforts to curb healthcare disparities and structural racism in the healthcare setting.
Calibrated bagging deep learning for image semantic segmentation: A case study on COVID-19 chest X-ray image
Authors: Nwosu Lucy , Li Xiangfang , Qian Lijun , Kim Seungchan , Dong Xishuang
Published: November 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Imaging tests such as chest X-ray (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) can provide useful information to clinical staff for facilitating a diagnosis of COVID-19 in a more efficient and comprehensive manner. As a breakthrough of artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning has been applied to perform COVID-19 infection region segmentation and disease classification by analyzing CXR and CT data. However, prediction uncertainty of deep learning models for these tasks, which is very important to safety-critical applications like medical image processing, has not been comprehensively investigated. In this work, we propose a novel ensemble deep learning model through integrating bagging deep learning and model calibration to not only enhance segmentation performance, but also reduce prediction uncertainty. The proposed method has been validated on a large dataset that is associated with CXR image segmentation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the segmentation performance, as well as decrease prediction uncertainty.
Machine learning based multi-modal prediction of future decline toward Alzheimer’s disease: An empirical study
Authors: Karaman Batuhan K. , Mormino Elizabeth C. , Sabuncu Mert R. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that progresses over decades. Early detection of individuals at high risk of future progression toward AD is likely to be of critical significance for the successful treatment and/or prevention of this devastating disease. In this paper, we present an empirical study to characterize how predictable an individual subjects’ future AD trajectory is, several years in advance, based on rich multi-modal data, and using modern deep learning methods. Crucially, the machine learning strategy we propose can handle different future time horizons and can be trained with heterogeneous data that exhibit missingness and non-uniform follow-up visit times. Our experiments demonstrate that our strategy yields predictions that are more accurate than a model trained on a single time horizon (e.g. 3 years), which is common practice in prior literature. We also provide a comparison between linear and nonlinear models, verifying the well-established insight that the latter can offer a boost in performance. Our results also confirm that predicting future decline for cognitively normal (CN) individuals is more challenging than for individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Intriguingly, however, we discover that prediction accuracy decreases with increasing time horizon for CN subjects, but the trend is in the opposite direction for MCI subjects. Additionally, we quantify the contribution of different data types in prediction, which yields novel insights into the utility of different biomarkers. We find that molecular biomarkers are not as helpful for CN individuals as they are for MCI individuals, whereas magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers (hippocampus volume, specifically) offer a significant boost in prediction accuracy for CN individuals. Finally, we show how our model’s prediction reveals the evolution of individual-level progression risk over a five-year time horizon. Our code is available at https://github.com/batuhankmkaraman/mlbasedad.
Preferences for accessing sexual and reproductive health services among adolescents and young adults living with HIV/AIDs in Western Kenya: A qualitative study
Authors: Adhiambo Harriet Fridah , Ngayo Musa , Kwena Zachary
Published: November 2022

Despite the need, adolescents and young adults (AYAs) in resource-limited settings have limited access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care services for improved health outcomes. This is worse for AYAs living with HIV in resource-limited settings where much is unknown about contexts and issues inhibiting access to SRHs. We explored adolescents’, healthcare workers, and caregivers’ preferences for access to sexual and reproductive health services for adolescents and young adults living with HIV. We conducted 30 in-depth interviews and 8 focus group discussions among a subset of AYA aged 14–24 living with HIV, healthcare workers, and caregivers/parents. We recruited participants from Lumumba Sub-County Hospital (KLM) and Kisumu County Referral Hospitals in Kisumu County (KCH). Trained and experienced qualitative research assistants 5–10 years older than the adolescents conducted interviews and facilitated discussions using guides designed to elicit detailed views and perspectives on sex and sexuality, access to SRH services, challenges of AYA living with HIV, and potential interventions to improve access to SRH services. Audio files were transcribed verbatim and translated to English where necessary before coding and analysis. We applied constant comparative analysis for theme and content to arrive at our conclusions. Our analysis yielded two main themes: preferences for a venue for SRH services and choices for qualities of an SRH counsellor. We found that AYAs generally preferred receiving SRH services to be co-situated within clinical facilities. We also observed gender differences in the qualities of SRH providers, with male AYAs preferring older male service providers compared to females who preferred younger female providers close to their age. The study highlighted the preferences of AYAs for accessing SRH, which need to be considered when designing their health programs. Further, AYAs seem to endite health systems to individualize access to SRH for AYAs living with HIV by providing a combination of attributes that meet individual preferences.
Reduction in medical costs for cardiovascular diseases through innovative health awareness projects in a rural area in Japan
Authors: Shoji Ayako , Kudo Kennichi , Murashita Koichi , Nakaji Shigeyuki , Igarashi Ataru
Published: November 2022

To promote health awareness and improve life expectancy in Hirosaki, a Japanese rural area, the Center of Healthy Aging Program (CHAP) was founded in 2013. The most important characteristic of CHAP is a personalized interview just after the checkup to discuss individual results. We evaluated the clinical and economic effects of CHAP by analyzing the cohort data of voluntary participants from annual health checkups since 2005 in the Iwaki district of Hirosaki. We calculated 10-year incidence risk scores for coronary heart diseases (CHDs) and stroke, and compared the risk-score trend before and after the start of CHAP by adjusting other risk factors using multivariate generalized linear regression analyses. We also predicted the 10-year incidences of CHDs and stroke based on the risk scores, for future scenarios of the two conditions, with and without CHAP, and compared them to their treatment costs between scenarios. The number of participants ranged between 808 and 1,167, from 2008 to 2016. The mean age (55 years) and proportion of women (60%) did not significantly change throughout the period. After adjusting for sex, age, outside temperature on the checkup date, the preparation effect of CHAP in 2012, and risk scores in the previous year, the annual increases in risk scores of CHDs and stroke were significant even after CHAP (+0.413, p <0.001; +0.169, p <0.001, respectively), but slightly less compared to before CHAP (+2.638, p <0.001; +1.155, p <0.001, respectively). Assuming the trend continued until 2021, the 10-year incidences of CHDs and stroke have decreases by 22,486 and 9,603, respectively, and treatment costs decreased by JPY 21,973 and 16,056 million, respectively. CHAP contributes to a significant decrease in the incidences of CHDs and stroke, and reduces economic burden on the local government.
Optic nerve sheath diameter in patients with hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Colak Nese , Bayrak Basakci Ozlem , Bayram Basak , Aksay Ersin , Simsek Muhammet Kursat , Karabay Nuri
Published: November 2022

Background

This study aims to reveal whether the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) increases in hepatic encephalopathy (HE) patients, and to determine ONSD is associated with the poor prognosis of patients with HE.

Methods and material

In this retrospective case-control study, HE patients who underwent cranial computerized tomography (CT) were included in the case group; and the patients who underwent CT for other reasons for the same age and gender and were normally interpreted were included in the control group. ONSD measurements in the case and control groups and clinical grades of HE with in-hospital mortality and ONSD measurements were compared in the case group.

Results

This study was done with 74 acute HE patients and 74 control patients. The mean age was 62.9 ± 11.0 years and 67.6% of patients were male in both groups. The ONSD in the case group was higher than the control group (5.27-mm ± 0.82 vs 4.73 mm ± 0.57, p <0.001). In the case group, the ONSD was 5.30 mm ± 0.87 in survivors, and 5.21 ± 0.65 in non-survivors (P = 0.670). There was no significant difference between the West Haven HE grade (P = 0.348) and Child-Pugh Score (P = 0.505) with ONSD measurements.

Conclusion

We have shown that ONSD increases in HE patients compared to the control group. ONSD was not related to the Child-Pugh Score, HE grade, and in-hospital mortality.
Mental health services accessibility for women and men: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bezerra Héllyda de Souza , de Araújo Ivani Iasmim , Nunes Aryelly Dayane da Silva , Barbosa Isabelle Ribeiro
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Mental and behavioral disorders constitute a serious public health problem and require adequate access among women and men for promotion, prevention and treatment of mental illness.

Methods and analysis

For the writing of this protocol we will use the guidelines of the PRISMA-P Checklist (Main Items for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes). This protocol was registered under the number: CRD42021243263. To this end, research will be conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and ScienceDirect databases in search of cross-sectional studies that assess the prevalence of access to mental health services among women and men. All cross-sectional studies that examined the prevalence of mental health services accessibility among women and men will be included. The search will be conducted by two independent researchers who will identify the articles; they will exclude duplicate studies. Through a blinded assessment, they will select articles using the Rayyan QCRI application. The methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. Meta-analyses will be performed according to the conditions of the included data.

Ethics and disclosure

For the development of this study, there is no need for ethical review, as this is a systematic review that will use secondary studies. The conclusions of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and condensed abstracts to key stakeholders and partners in the field. The database search is scheduled to start on May 10th, 2021. The entire review process is expected to be completed by August 30th, 2021.
Health-related quality of life and coping strategies adopted by COVID-19 survivors: A nationwide cross-sectional study in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Anwar , Shafin Rubayet , Ahmed Md. Shahoriar , Rana Md. Shohag , Walton Lori Maria , Raigangar Veena , Ara Tasnim , Rasel Md. Aminul Hoque , Hossain Mohammad Sohrab , Kabir Md. Feroz , Islam Mir Raihanul , Hasan Md. Nazmul , Hossain Md. Delowar , Rumana Farjana Sharmin , Jahid Iqbal Kabir
Published: November 2022

Introduction

This study aims to investigate the health-related quality of life and coping strategies among COVID-19 survivors in Bangladesh.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study of 2198 adult, COVID-19 survivors living in Bangladesh. Data were collected from previously diagnosed COVID-19 participants (confirmed by an RT-PCR test) via door-to-door interviews in the eight different divisions in Bangladesh. For data collection, Bengali-translated Brief COPE inventory and WHO Brief Quality of Life (WHO-QoLBREF) questionnaires were used. The data collection period was from October 2020 to March 2021.

Results

Males 72.38% (1591) were more affected by COVID-19 than females 27.62% (607). Age showed significant correlations (p<0.005) with physical, psychological and social relationships, whereas gender showed only a significant correlation with physical health (p<0.001). Marital status, occupation, living area, and co-morbidities showed significant co-relation with all four domains of QoL (p<0.001). Education and affected family members showed significant correlation with physical and social relationship (p<0.001). However, smoking habit showed a significant correlation with both social relationship and environment (p<0.001). Age and marital status showed a significant correlation with avoidant coping strategies (p<0.001); whereas gender and co-morbidities showed a significant correlation with problem-focused coping strategies (p<0.001). Educational qualification, occupation and living area showed significant correlation with all three coping strategies(p<0.001).

Conclusion

Survivors of COVID-19 showed mixed types of coping strategies; however, the predominant coping strategy was avoidant coping, followed by problem-focused coping, with emotion-focused coping reported as the least prevalent. Marital status, occupation, living area and co-morbidities showed a greater effect on QoL in all participants. This study represents the real scenario of nationwide health-associated quality of life and coping strategies during and beyond the Delta pandemic.
‘Go join that radio station up there’: The role of Australian community radio in journalism education and training
Authors: Anderson Heather , Backhaus Bridget , Bedford Charlotte , de Souza Poppy
Published: November 2022

Community broadcasting represents the largest independent media sector in Australia, with over 26,000 actively involved volunteers per annum. While people come to community broadcasting at many different points in their life, there is a common, unofficial narrative that describes community radio volunteers ‘cutting their teeth’ in the sector and then ‘moving on’ in their careers. This article details research that interrogates the experiences of journalists and other people working in the creative and cultural industries, who spent significant time in the Australian community broadcasting sector. Employing a collective case study approach, this article identifies and discusses key themes describing the impact of community radio on the employment pathways and career trajectories of its practitioners, with a focus on journalism and media production. These themes provide a framework for further research into the impact of community media on journalists’ employment pathways and career trajectories, viewing community media through a rhizomatic prism.
La travesía de Ofelia y las tres pruebas en El laberinto del fauno (2006), de Guillermo del Toro
Authors:   Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España, Navarro-Goig Gema
Published: November 2022

La filmografía de Guillermo del Toro deconstruye algunas de las convenciones vinculadas a lo fantástico, principalmente el horror gótico y el género de los cuentos de hadas. Emplea con recurrencia fórmulas antiguas, como personajes y motivos arquetípicos de historias tradicionales y de fantasía, adaptándolas a la sociedad y cultura contemporáneas. Lo fantástico funciona como un universo paralelo perceptible por ciertos personajes y por los espectadores. Sus películas describen una realidad sobrenatural entremezclada con el mundo ordinario, utilizando arquetipos en estas narraciones en el mundo real. La fantasía proporciona al director un vehículo para la presentación de temas político-sociales a través de una serie de metáforas, que podemos apreciar en obras como El laberinto del fauno. Ofelia, la niña protagonista, representa la resistencia contra el fascismo, y emplea la fantasía como un medio poderoso para redefinir la realidad. La película establece paralelismos entre los mundos ordinario y sobrenatural, recordándonos a los códigos en las películas de horror gótico entre otros aspectos —debido al carácter circular de su narrativa o la desubicación espacio-temporal de la heroína, como una figura atrapada entre dos realidades, entre una narración histórica y otra fantástica.
The Hybrid (Gothic) Categories of Manifest Destiny (vols. 1-6)
Authors:   Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España, Correoso-Rodenas José-Manuel
Published: November 2022

When explorers Lewis and Clark crossed the American border with the unknown in 1804, they were far from understanding what was before them. According to previous records, travel diaries, chronicles, etc., the territory beyond the limits of the young Republic was populated by natives, and by a rosary of brave pioneers. What writer Chris Dingess and artist Matthew Roberts conceived in 2001 was totally opposed to this idea. Their comic series Manifest Destiny, whose sixth volume was released on October 3rd, 2018, shows a reality riddle with monsters belonging to very different categories: zombie- like, vampire-like, hybrid (grotesque) forms, monstrous and anthropophagous animals, magical native sorcerers, etc.
Gothic Elements in Iris Murdoch’s Postmodern Novels after the 1970
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Federación Rusa, Kornilova Elena N.
Published: November 2022

In her works, Iris Murdoch remained faithful to the traditions of English literature. A Gothic novel that used the archaic mythology of the British Isles: Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, medieval Christian mysticism in the literature of the second half of the twentieth century remained one of the few life-giving sources for the preservation and development of the novel genre, which the writer thought about in her essays. In the later novels The Black Prince (1973), A Word Child (1975) and The Sea, the Sea (1978), Murdoch widely uses Gothic elements to study the psychology the modern man and the problems facing him in society. The article examines in detail the spatio-temporal organization of the neo-Gothic Murdoch novels and the typology of the images of classical villains. Gothic makes Murdoch novels attractive to the general reader and allows her to preach her philosophical views.
Entertaining the Audience: A Contemporary Audio-visual Portrayal of the Detective Tale through Stevenson’s Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and CBS’s C.S.I.: Crime Scene Investigation
Authors:   Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España, Rodríguez-Arnáiz Laura
Published: November 2022

The audio-visual industry offered a place for the detective story to continue increasing in popularity during the 20th and 21st centuries. Movies and TV shows ensured wider audiences had the privilege to be told stories than otherwise would be restricted to a more culturized public. The famous television production by CBS, C.S.I.: Crime Scene Investigation, brought a new way to tell detective stories to homes all around the glove, introducing a more scientific and resourceful police force that contrasted with the ineffectual 19th-century one. The tenth season of the series, however, evokes those old detective stories with its particular adaptation of Stevenson’s Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde as not only one of the most outstanding gothic tales, but also a story of a crime.
SteamPoe: Los cuentos de Edgar Allan Poe bajo el prisma del Steampunk
Authors:   Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, España, Jiménez-González María-Isabel , González-Moreno Beatriz ,   Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, España
Published: November 2022

Mientras que Edgar Allan Poe estaba escribiendo sus historias góticas, el género del steampunk ni siquiera existía, por lo que este capítulo supone una buena oportunidad para hermanar a ambos. Sin embargo, ¿cómo puede ser esto posible si Poe falleció en 1849 y este subgénero de la ciencia ficción comenzó a emerger a finales del siglo pasado? Para responder a esta pregunta, algunas historias góticas escritas por Poe serán releídas en busca de características, elementos y/u otras referencias a la literatura steampunk que podrían explicar la relación existente entre ambos. Algunas de estas características son la atmósfera de determinados cuentos de Poe, con escenarios victorianos y de la Revolución Industrial, viajes que empleaban el vapor en el transporte, máquinas ficticias y autómatas, entre otros, que se pueden encontrar en historias como «The Fall of the House of Usher» y «MS. Found in a Bottle». Por lo tanto, aunque es cierto que el género del steampunk estuvo lejos de ser inventado en los tiempos de Poe, no se puede negar que se benefició de los poemas, ensayos y cuentos que Edgar A. Poe escribió en su corta vida.
Emissions of methane and other biogenic volatile organic compounds from boreal peatlands
Authors:   University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Science and Forestry, School of Forest Sciences, Männistö Elisa
Published: November 2022

This study aims to 1) quantify the spatial and temporal variation in diffusive and ebullitive methane fluxes, and to 2) assess the quantity and quality of BVOC emissions and how they are controlled by vegetation composition and environmental factors in boreal peatlands. Methane fluxes were measured with static chambers and bubble traps from a boreal ombrotrophic bog and compared to eddy covariance measurements on the ecosystem level. BVOC emissions were measured with dynamic chambers from the same boreal bog and a nearby boreal fen. Vegetation removal treatments were applied to differentiate BVOC emissions from intact vegetation, mosses, and peat. Both methane and BVOC emissions showed strong seasonality linked to temperature and vegetation phenology. While diffusive methane fluxes did not differ between three years or different plant community types, methane ebullition was highest during the wettest of the three years studied and varied spatially being greater from open water pools than from wet bare peat surfaces. Decrease in water table led to higher ebullition, but so did also increase in air pressure. In total, ebullition contributed only 2 % – 8 % to the methane emission on the ecosystem level, which supports the general paradigm that diffusion through peat and aerenchymatous plants are the main pathways for methane from peat to the atmosphere. Isoprene was the most emitted BVOC from both peatlands. Isoprene emission was strongly linked to sedges, and thus isoprene and total BVOC emission rates were higher in the sedge-dominated fen than the shrub-dominated bog. Moreover, total BVOC and isoprene emissions were highest from intact vegetation. However, organic halide emissions had stronger link with water level as they were absent during exceptional drought in the summer 2018. Therefore, warming climate and associated drougths and shrubification are likely to alter the quality and quantity of BVOCs emitted from boreal peatlands.
Exploring the work of Dorothy Arzner as a film-making teacher in southern California
Authors: Norden Martin F.
Published: November 2022

Dorothy Arzner is best remembered as one of the exceptionally few women to direct feature films during Hollywood’s ‘golden age’. One of the lesser known dimensions of her career is her work as a film-making teacher in southern California during a time of great change in the ways that US-based film-makers learnt their craft. During the 1950s and 1960s, students were no longer limited to on-the-job studio training, as Arzner had been in her prime; instead, they were learning how to make films via college and university coursework, and Arzner was unquestionably a key player in this educational transition. After examining her preliminary instructional work with Realart Pictures and the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps, this article explores Arzner’s teaching experiences at the Pasadena Playhouse College of Theatre Arts and the University of California Los Angeles. It combines her assessments of her pedagogical practices with commentary from former students and colleagues to provide a composite portrait of this pivotal film-maker turned educator.
Decolonising cinematography education: experimenting with lighting ratios and textures for Black and Asian skin tones
Authors: Sung Yu-Lun
Published: November 2022

Cinematographers are trained to control and measure the relative difference in brightness between two parts of a scene, or a face, for expressive purposes. Painting is often referred to for inspiration as practitioners learn to compose and represent light and shadow in an aesthetically considered manner. In this respect, it is noteworthy that the painters generally studied by film-making students are mostly from Renaissance traditions and produced work featuring predominantly White models. This gap of racial representation in cinematographic pedagogy is stark and has long been overlooked. This article mounts an enquiry into the lack of diversity in cinematography education, examining how different aesthetic traditions, such as Asian ink paintings, could pave new ways for decolonising the conventional conceptions of lighting ratios. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative case studies undertaken in university workshops, I discuss how students respond to Black and Asian artwork as visual references when they are tasked with lighting models with non-White skin tones to accommodate the different reflectance of their skins. By comparing the learning outcomes and current industry techniques for optimising screen representation of Black, Asian and minority ethnic groups, the article evaluates how students respond to learning from modern artwork that promotes diverse identities, and argues for the benefits of integrating greater inclusiveness into cinematography.
A primary school head teacher’s experience of pressure to join a multi-academy trust
Authors: Faris Lee
Published: November 2022

This commentary outlines the views of a current head teacher after receiving increased marketing and persuasive letters from multi-academy trust (MAT) chief executive officers (CEOs) in an attempt to expand their MATs. Following the Department for Education’s academisation programme, which aims to convert all schools in England to MATs by 2030, this reflection highlights the implications of the programme and reflects, from an insider’s perspective, on the author's concerns about this approach for the communities, which will lose local leaders with autonomy and see them replaced with CEOs who have multiple interests, other than those of the local schools.
Abastecimento público de água: análise dos subsídios aos serviços no Distrito Federal, Brasil
Authors: De Menezes Fraga Camila Isabel , Albuquerque Alves Conceição de Maria , Madeira Nogueira Jorge
Published: November 2022

Este artigo analisa mecanismos de transferência de recursos utilizados para acesso aos serviços de água pela população do Distrito Federal. Ele é baseado em revisão bibliográfica e de levantamento relacionado à estrutura tarifária de abastecimento público, enfatizando a presença de subsídio entre categorias de usuários. Pode-se inferir que mais de 90% das unidades consumidoras de água da localidade em estudo são subsidiadas. O número de unidades consumidoras da categoria Residencial Normal subsidiadas no Distrito Federal é, aproximadamente, 472 vezes maior em relação ao de unidades categorizadas como Tarifa Popular. Além do alcance da universalização, o desafio para a empresa distribuidora e para a agência reguladora refere-se à equidade do acesso à água, pois em algumas das regiões do Distrito Federal ocorrem distorções quanto ao percentual do comprometimento da renda familiar com serviços de água e esgoto.
Aplicação da análise multivariada para a produção de soja brasileira
Authors: Saito Loures Elton Massahiro , Neves de Oliveira Maria Cristina , Garcia Meyer Leandro
Published: November 2022

Para entender a dinâmica da produção do grão de soja, foram aplicados o método multivariado de análise de componentes principais (ACP) e a análise de Clusters (AC) para os anos de 1996 a 2017. As variáveis avaliadas foram: produção de grãos de soja brasileira, que é a variável dependente, taxa de juros, taxa de câmbio (R$/U$), índice de inflação, taxa de desemprego, produtividade e importação chinesa. De acordo com os anos considerados na pesquisa, foi possível concluir a importância dos dois métodos multivariados e avaliar com confiança a melhor contribuição das variáveis e suas relações com a cultura da soja, bem como identificar que as variáveis quantidade total importada de grãos de soja brasileira da China e produtividade foram as que apresentaram relação mais significativa com a produção de soja.
Determinants for agricultural fertilizer use in Brazilian Amazon: a one-decade analysis
Authors: Rodrigues Marcos , Colman de Azevedo Junior Wladimir , Costa Correia Silva David
Published: November 2022

This manuscript compares one decade of fertilizer use in Legal Amazon municipalities, determining the main factors that incentive the adoption of this technology. We gathered data from Brazilian Agricultural Census for both 2006 and 2017 and estimated a multinomial logit model (MLM) to differentiate classes of fertilizer use. Our results shows that cattle ranching and rural credit are negatively correlated with fertilizer use. Large agricultural commodities production, rural mechanization, and the use of limestone are factors that contribute widely to use of fertilizers. Diffusion of knowledge to farmers, wider access to rural policies, and the agricultural private sector incentives could contribute to spread the use of fertilizer throughout Amazon.
Educação popular
Authors: Castro Gabriela Oliveira de , Barreiro Cristhianny Bento
Published: November 2022

A educação popular, como praticada e estudada nos dias de hoje, abarca um amplo leque de modalidades educacionais, o que desvela a importância da educação na sociedade e a permanente necessidade de discussão, pesquisa e fomento dessa política social. Essa pesquisa objetiva analisar os estudos sobre educadores que atuam em cursos pré-vestibulares populares e seus processos de formação. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo estado do conhecimento, em que foram pesquisadas as teses e as dissertações produzidas entre os anos de 2010 e 2020, no repositório da IBICT, a partir dos descritores “educação popular”, “pré-vestibular popular” e “vestibulares populares”. Foram selecionadas oito dissertações, tendo como critérios a indicação no título e/ou no resumo de que a pesquisa aborda a análise acerca das práticas pedagógicas, a representação de si mesmos como educadores voluntários e/ou as percepções dos educadores acerca de seu processo de formação. O processo de formação dos educadores foi considerado no sentido de que muitos são estudantes universitários e utilizam o universo da educação popular dentro do contexto de cursos pré-vestibulares populares para suas primeiras práticas pedagógicas profissionais. Como resultado, aponta-se uma lacuna no fortalecimento das trocas de experiências e reflexões entre educadores acerca de como a educação popular, enquanto um movimento de transformação e emancipação, é percebida por esses sujeitos que trabalham os conteúdos pautados nos certames das maiores Universidades do país.
Diferentes expressões da prática extensionista orientada pelo referencial da concepção freiriana de educação popular
Authors: Araújo Renan Soares de
Published: November 2022

As atividades extensionistas configuram um amplo e variado universo que revela a coexistência de uma série diversificada de concepções, práticas e intencionalidades em sua concretização. Nesse multifacetado cenário da extensão universitária, há um conjunto de iniciativas que pautam suas ações com base nos aportes teórico-metodológicos e ético-políticos da concepção freiriana de educação popular, tendo como princípio fundante a valorização das diferentes formas de saberes e no seu horizonte contribuir com práticas e processos emancipatórios e de transformação social. Diante disso, no presente ensaio, caracteriza-se duas concepções, que mesmo possuindo suas particularidades, são complementares e manifestam contribuições significativas para a ressignificação e reorientação das ações de extensão sob um ponto de vista dialógico, problematizador e crítico-propositivo. Nessa acepção, delineia-se a concepção da extensão popular, a qual afirma-se como trabalho social útil que se orienta com base nos pressupostos da educação popular e, em seguida, apresenta-se o conceito de Conversidade, que designa o processo de construção compartilhada do conhecimento e da ação social que se dá a partir da relação entre a universidade e os movimentos sociais populares.
Reunir, compartilhar, perceber, agir
Authors: Brito Pedro Nascimento Araujo , Silva Felipe Marques da , Silva Anailza dos Santos , Silva José Carlos da , Cruz Pedro José Santos Carneiro
Published: November 2022

Reconhecendo a importância da discussão em saúde coletiva pela ótica da educação popular (EP), em um crítico cenário derivado da COVID-19 e do desgoverno, este relato de experiência explora as vivências no Observatório de Educação Popular em Saúde e a Realidade Brasileira. Trata-se de uma iniciativa do Programa de Extensão Práticas Integrais de Promoção da Saúde e Nutrição na Atenção Básica (PINAB), que intenta propagar a EP e reunir seus atores. Foram realizados sete encontros, sendo trabalhados temas como: “A conjuntura brasileira atual e os Princípios da Educação Popular e sua filosofia para a construção dos caminhos metodológicos das práticas”, “Soberania Alimentar como movimento da humanidade e civilidade: qual o papel da educação popular em saúde?”, “Processos de eugenia no Brasil e suas consequências na saúde, educação, justiça e equidade”, “O mundo e as suas mudanças: o lugar e o papel da educação popular em saúde” e “Educação Popular em Saúde: caminhos e alternativas para experiências e práticas”. Essa vivência promoveu reflexões acerca da atual conjuntura, resgatando conceitos fundantes da EP e percepções valiosas em seus encontros, além de ter demonstrado as potencialidades no uso dos ambientes virtuais como auxiliares na metodologia dialética da EP.
Book review of: Baumgart, Sabine; Rüdiger, Andrea (2022): Gesundheit in der Stadtplanung – Instrumente, Verfahren, Methoden
Authors: Wiese-von Ofen Irene
Published: November 2022

Buch Rezension.
Dištančná výučba tlumočníckych predmetov počas dvoch semestrov z pohľadu študentov
Authors: Melicherčíková Miroslava
Published: November 2022

The current emergency caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated distance interpreting training. This paper presents data collected from two online questionnaires distributed among students of translation and interpreting at the Department of English and American Studies, Faculty of Arts at Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica, Slovakia. The first online questionnaire (May–June 2020) was filled in by 26 respondents who completed 10 weeks of distance interpreting training in the summer semester of the 2019/2020 academic year. The second, identically structured, online questionnaire (December 2020–January 2021) was filled in by 36 respondents who completed distance interpreting training (10 weeks) at the same department in the winter semester of the 2020/2021 academic year. The paper also presents data on three interpreting teachers, which come from an e-mail survey and map the level of their ability to work with technology, their time availability, experience with online interpreting, or changes in approach and methods during distance interpreting training. The paper focuses on several aspects of distance interpreting training from students’ point of view, such as the form of interpreting training; frequency and regularity of tasks; time preparation; form, frequency, and contribution of the feedback; ideal training model; pros and cons of distance vs. traditional training; recommendations for its improvement. It tries to determine whether distance interpreting training can compete with traditional training from students’ point of view. Based on the questionnaire findings, recommendations for streamlining such training in the future are presented.
Edita Gromová, Natália Rondziková, Igor Tyšš (eds.) (2021) Archívny výskum (textov) v interdisciplinárnych súvislostiach
Authors: Kutková Martina
Published: November 2022

Book review on Edita Gromová, Natália Rondziková, Igor Tyšš (eds.) (2021) Archívny výskum (textov) v interdisciplinárnych súvislostiach, Nitra: Katedra translatológie FF UKF v Nitre.
C5
Authors: Helt Jeffrey , Sharma Abhinav , Abadi Daniel J. , Lloyd Wyatt , Faleiro Jose M.
Published: November 2022

Asynchronously replicated primary-backup databases are commonly deployed to improve availability and offload read-only transactions. To both apply replicated writes from the primary and serve read-only transactions, the backups implement a cloned concurrency control protocol. The protocol ensures read-only transactions always return a snapshot of state that previously existed on the primary. This compels the backup to exactly copy the commit order resulting from the primary's concurrency control. Existing cloned concurrency control protocols guarantee this by limiting the backup's parallelism. As a result, the primary's concurrency control executes some workloads with more parallelism than these protocols. In this paper, we prove that this parallelism gap leads to unbounded replication lag, where writes can take arbitrarily long to replicate to the backup and which has led to catastrophic failures in production systems. We then design C5, the first cloned concurrency protocol to provide bounded replication lag. We implement two versions of C5: Our evaluation in MyRocks, a widely deployed database, demonstrates C5 provides bounded replication lag. Our evaluation in Cicada, a recent in-memory database, demonstrates C5 keeps up with even the fastest of primaries.
Desenvolvimento e avaliação fotoprotetora, in vitro, de formulações de mistura curcuminoide e chalconas estruturalmente relacionadas
Authors: Silva Jussara de Jesus , Simplicio Sidney Silva , Santos Victória Laysna do Anjos , Araújo Cleônia Roberta Melo , Gonsalves Arlan de Assis
Published: November 2022

O mercado de cosmético passa por uma tendência em empregar filtros solares de origem natural em formulações fotoprotetoras, seja isolado ou como adjuvantes de filtros sintéticos. O açafrão-da-terra (Curcuma longa) teve o seu valor medicinal reconhecido pelo SUS no ano de 2009, sendo incluído da RENISUS. Assim, a mistura curcuminoide (MC) foi extraída e modificada para gerar a MCA. As chalconas (CH e CHA) foram planejadas considerando a estrutura molecular do metoxicinamato de octila, um filtro solar comercial, e da MC. Os métodos in vitro de Mansur e Diffey foram usados para determinar o fator de proteção solar (FPS-UVB) e o comprimento de onda crítico (λc) das formulações contendo os compostos em estudo. A MC, a MCA, a CH e a CHA mostraram os seguintes valores de FPS-UVB e λc (nm): MC (0,9 e 394), MCA (5,2 e 391), CH (5,4 e 388) e CHA (11,6 e 358). Os resultados indicam que os compostos têm potencial para atuarem conferindo proteção contra a radiação UVB e/ou UVA. Dentre os filtros químicos avaliados, a CHA demonstrou potencial para atuar como filtro UV de amplo espectro, exibindo efeito fotoprotetor comparável ao da oxibenzona (FPS 11,3 e λc 348 nm), filtro químico comercial.
A global compactness result with applications to a Hardy-Sobolev critical elliptic system involving coupled perturbation terms
Authors: Wang Lu Shun , Yang Tao , Yang Xiao Long
Published: November 2022

In this article, we study a Hardy-Sobolev critical elliptic system involving coupled perturbation terms:
(0.1)

−
Δ
u
+

V

1

(

x

)

u
=

η

1

η

1

+

η

2

∣
u
∣

η

1

−
2

u

∣
v
∣

η

2

∣
x
′
∣

+

α

α
+
β

Q

(

x

)

∣
u

∣

α
−
2

u
∣
v

∣

β

,

−
Δ
v
+

V

2

(

x

)

v
=

η

2

η

1

+

η

2

∣
v
∣

η

2

−
2

v

∣
u
∣

η

1

∣
x
′
∣

+

β

α
+
β

Q

(

x

)

∣
v
∣

β
−
2

v

∣
u
∣

α

,

\left\{\begin{array}{c}-\Delta u+{V}_{1}\left(x)u=\frac{{\eta }_{1}}{{\eta }_{1}+{\eta }_{2}}\frac{{| u| }^{{\eta }_{1}-2}u{| v| }^{{\eta }_{2}}}{| x^{\prime} | }+\frac{\alpha }{\alpha +\beta }Q\left(x)| u{| }^{\alpha -2}u| v{| }^{\beta },\\ -\Delta v+{V}_{2}\left(x)v=\frac{{\eta }_{2}}{{\eta }_{1}+{\eta }_{2}}\frac{{| v| }^{{\eta }_{2}-2}v{| u| }^{{\eta }_{1}}}{| x^{\prime} | }+\frac{\beta }{\alpha +\beta }Q\left(x){| v| }^{\beta -2}v{| u| }^{\alpha },\end{array}\right.

where

n
≥
3

n\ge 3

,

2
≤
m
<
n

2\le m\lt n

,

x
≔

(

x
′
,

x

″

)

∈

R

m

×

R

n
−
m

x:= \left(x^{\prime} ,{x}^{^{\prime\prime} })\in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{m}\times {{\mathbb{R}}}^{n-m}

,

η

1

,

η

2

>
1

{\eta }_{1},{\eta }_{2}\gt 1

, and

η

1

+

η

2

=

2

(

n
−
1

)

n
−
2

{\eta }_{1}+{\eta }_{2}=\frac{2\left(n-1)}{n-2}

,

α
,
β
>
1

\alpha ,\beta \gt 1

and

α
+
β
<

2
n

n
−
2

\alpha +\beta \lt \frac{2n}{n-2}

, and

V

1

(

x

)

,

V

2

(

x

)

,
Q

(

x

)

∈
C

(

R

n

)

{V}_{1}\left(x),{V}_{2}\left(x),Q\left(x)\in C\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{n})

. Observing that (0.1) is doubly coupled, we first develop two efficient tools (i.e., a refined Sobolev inequality and a variant of the “Vanishing” lemma). On the previous tools, we will establish a global compactness result (i.e., a complete description for the Palais-Smale sequences of the corresponding energy functional) and some existence result for (0.1) via variational method. Our strategy turns out to be very concise because we avoid the use of Levy concentration functions and truncation techniques.