bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Military Organization and One-Man Rule in the Greek Polis
Authors: Harris Edward M.
Published: May 2021

This essay discusses the implicit tension between the requirements of military organization and the political and legal ideals of the polis. On the one hand, there was a need to centralize military command in one person and to avoid fragmentation, which would inhibit the creation and implementation of a coherent strategy and the efficient execution of orders. 0 n the other hand, the Greek city-state wished to avoid tyranny, which placed one man above the law and posed a threat to the public good and to the rights of individuals. One of the reasons for Sparta''s military success was its solution to the problem posed by these conflicting imperatives. The essay concludes by illustrating how a single commander in the field and an elaborate command structure played a key role in the Spartan victories at Mantinea (418 BCE) and Coronea (394 BCE).
Le thème de la bouche souillée par le sexe oral à la fin de la République romaine et au début de l’Empire
Authors: Akar Philippe
Published: May 2021

In some texts written at the end of the Republic and at the beginning of the Empire, we read that some people had an impure mouth, because of their practice of oral sex. This impurity was the result, not of the rape of the mouth, the irrumatio evoked in our oldest sources (Plautus, Terentius), but of a voluntary practice, from prominent people, whom the authors of our sources blamed for submitting themselves to an excessive research of pleasure. Oral sex caused a stain because it contradicted ideal virile behaviour. This explains why it was rarely envisaged as feminine behavior, except in a few marginal cases at the end of the Republic.
Quelques toponymes issus de la petite végétation arbustive en Champagne-Ardenne (suite)
Authors: Tamine Michel
Published: May 2021

Following an article devoted to the toponymic offspring of a root derived from Vulgar Latin : * bruscia " outgrowths", published in the previous issue of the NRO, this research continues the study of the toponymic substrate linked to small shrub vegetation, focusing on the offspring of a root of Germanic origin, namely * haisi " scrub, bush". This article proposes a thorough investigation into the past documentation and microtoponymy of the Ardenne department, which is then extended to the former Champagne-Ardennes region and then to the oïl zone. Particular attention is paid to the semantic aspects as well as to the derivative richness of the forms collected.
Phenomenon of Education: Philosophical and Methodological Aspects of Research
Authors: Kryanev Yuri V. , Pavlova Tatyana P. , Kvon Daniil A.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the work is to identify in the study of education, as a socio-cultural phenomenon, its functional and structural-organizational features at different historical stages of development and to analyze the relation of the concepts of "education", "science" and "intelligence". Methodology and research methods used in the study are the following: comparative analysis method, systematic approach, functional and cultural approaches and philosophical reflection. Key findings are the following: strategy of introducing new standards in the educational process in connection with the transition to digital reality requires changing the educational methodology and creating a new format for the development of teaching methods. The relation between the concepts of "methodology", "education" and "science" are ambiguous, their use is contextual. The main method of analysis of the study of functionality is philosophical reflection, which reveals their meaning and purpose. As a result of the study of the functional, structural and organizational features of education, the necessary object (material or spiritual) of research is created, where the relation between science and education is revealed. The question of the relation of research methodology and methods of the educational process becomes a question of the interactions of spirituality and science, values and knowledge.
PROBLEMAS MATEMÁTICOS NA VIDA COTIDIANA
Authors: Gimenes Lívia Cuartero , Meroni Adriana , Varani Adriana
Published: May 2021

PROBLEMAS MATEMÁTICOS NA VIDA COTIDIANA
PROBLEMATIZANDO A GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA A PARTIR DA VIOLÊNCIA SIMBÓLICA
Authors: Assis Ana Elisa Spaolonzi Queiroz , Liz Ana Paula C. de
Published: May 2021

PROBLEMATIZANDO A GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA A PARTIR DA VIOLÊNCIA SIMBÓLICA
Formasi Berkelanjutan: Membermaknakan Kekinian Imamat
Authors: Tinambunan Edison R.L.
Published: May 2021

To be a priest, a candidate should study philosophy and theology for more or less seven years of duration which is called Initial Formation, which emphasize four dimensions, which are human being, spiritual, intellectual and pastoral. These dimensions are built up at formation house and college. If Initial Formation is passed through, the candidate is anointed to be a priest and he is ready as in persona Christi for pastoral service who has responsibility and duty in the church and the world. For this service, the priest needs a formation for long his priesthood which is called Ongoing Formation. The dimension which is emphasized at Initial Formation is also given in his priesthood with contents combined by pastoral service and stages of priest, which are junior, middle ages, advanced years and retired or sick. The intention of Ongoing Formation is to support the priesthood for the long life of a priest in order to always embody him with the Great Pastor in life and pastoral service.
Imajinasi Untuk Merawat Kemanusiaan: Pemikiran Martha Nussbaum Dalam Pendidikan Humaniora
Authors: Damayanti Cicilia
Published: May 2021

Pendidikan Martha Nussbaum membebaskan manusia dari kepicikan dan wawasan sempit. Dia menggunakan imajinasi untuk mewujudkan cita-cita masyarakat demokratis yang setara. Pola berpikir kritis sangat dibutuhkan bagi seseorang untuk lepas dari belenggu tradisi yang tidak manusiawi. Hal ini penting untuk menerima keragaman dan menghormati martabat kemanusiaan setiap orang. Multikulturalisme dan kosmpolitan menjadi bagian penting dalam pendidikan untuk merawat kemanusiaan. Pendidikan demokrasi dalam pandangannya memusatkan pendidikan pada dialog yang membantu seseorang untuk berpikir kritis dan menguji hidupnya. Filsafat berperan penting dalam membantu seseorang mempraktikkan kebijaksanaan dan mengkaji hidupnya. Dia menyatakan bahwa pendekatan kemampuan merupakan kesempatan atau kebebasan yang dimiliki setiap orang untuk bebas menjadi dirinya dan melakukan apa saja yang menjadi pilihannya. Dan hal ini didapat melalui pendidikan yang tepat dan sarana kesehatan yang memadai.
Desplazamiento espacial y temporal del litoral en las playas de Recife y Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, Brasil
Authors: Da Silva Luciana Maria , Da Silva Lira Milde Maria
Published: May 2021

Nas  últimas  décadas,  o  crescimento  da  urbanização  vem  provocando  grandes  transformações  nos  aspectos  sociais,  econômicos  e  morfológicos  nas  áreas  costeiras.  As praias urbanas de Boa Viagem e Pina (Recife-PE) e a praia de Piedade (Jaboatão dos Guararapes-PE)  têm  apresentado  estes  aspectos,  onde  se  observa  vulnerabilidade costeira à erosão. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o deslocamento espacial e temporal da linha de costa. Para isto modelouse a massa de dados obtida do método de levantamento  geodésico  relativo  cinemático,  o  qual  possibilita  o  monitoramento  da linha de costa, para os anos de 2007, 2009, 2010 e 2012. Foi empregado o método de transectos, o qual é necessário adotar uma linha de costa como base, 2007. E foi dividida a área de estudo em 6 setores para que se pudesse analisar o deslocamento médio da linha de costa. Os setores 1 e 5 apresentam acreção em todos os períodos analisados  (2007-2009,  2007-2010,  2007-2012).  O  setor  2  apresentou  erosão  em  todos  os  períodos analisados. Os setores 3 e 6 nos períodos de 2007-2009 e 2007-2010, apresentaram erosão, enquanto de 2007-2012 apresentaram tendência a acreção. Destacase que no setor 4 não se realizou o cálculo devido ser a área que apresenta enrocamento. Esse estudo tende a contribuir para análise do comportamento temporal nos projetos de tomadas de decisões em ambientes costeiros.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN SUSU KEDELAI DALAM MENGATASI KELUHAN PADA MASA PRE MENOPOUSE DI KLINIK BIDAN MAIHARTI KISARAN BARAT TAHUN 2020
Authors: Ritonga Nikmah Jalilah , Limbong Yuni Sartika , Sitorus Riris , Anuhgerah Diah Evawanna
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAK

Pre menopause is a physiological condition characterized by irregular menstruation. Symptoms that often arise such as hot flush, night sweats, restlessness, easy fatigue, pain during intercourse. Overcoming complaints of pre-menopausal non-pharmacological can be done with soy milk. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of soymilk in dealing with pre-menopausal complaints at the Midwife Maiharti Clinic, West Range 2020. This study used a quantitative method, with a quasi-experimental design with a control time series design. The study population was pre-menopausal mothers who experienced pre-menopausal symptoms at the Midwife Maiharti Clinic, West Range. The sample selection used purposive sampling as many as 18 people, 9 people were given intervention and 9 people as controls. The results of the study using Wilcoxon sign rank test obtained results for groups that were given pre and post p-value interventions 0.002 <0.05. The results of the study using Wilcoxon sign rank test obtained results for the control p-value 0.009 <0.05. The conclusion is that there are differences in the two groups after being given soy milk in dealing with pre-menopausal complaints
Sondeo arqueológico en la cella vinaria de la villa romana de Piecordero I (Cascante, Navarra). Campaña de 2020
Authors: Gómara Miramón Marta , Bonilla Santander Óscar , Santos Horneros Ángel , Pérez Aranda Miriam , María Izquierdo Alicia
Published: May 2021

Se presentan los resultados de la excavación arqueológica realizada en septiembre de2020 en la villa romana altoimperial de Piecordero I, en el municipio de Cascante. Laexcavación consistió en realizar un sondeo de 2 x 2 m en el espacio 9, estancia interpretadacomo cella vinaria del complejo productivo vitivinícola. La interpretación de losresultados nos lleva a plantear la existencia de dos fases en este espacio, una primeracorrespondiente al siglo I d. C., momento de construcción del conjunto, y una posteriorreforma en el siglo II d. C. En el siglo III d. C el espacio sería amortizado y colmatadocon escombros.
Puesta en valor del castillo de Larraga. II campaña arqueológica, 2020
Authors: Sagredo Garde Iñaki
Published: May 2021

En esta segunda campaña arqueológica en el castillo de Larraga se ha intervenido dospuntos de gran interés. Por una parte, sobre un resto de muro visible, del que nos hareportado un lienzo de muralla medieval de cinco metros de longitud por tres metros ymedio de altura, datado entre 1404 y 1450 y, por otra, el descubrimiento del suelo deledificio central del fuerte del siglo XIX, realizado con un encachado de piedras de cuarcita.Este suelo nos ha permitido situar la zona central de la fortificación extrapolandolas evidencias con un plano del siglo XIX. Ambos sectores reportan elementos de granvalor para la puesta en valor del yacimiento.
Material latericio de cubierta como medio de identificación de edificios cultuales cristianos en la Tardoantigüedad y Alta Edad Media
Authors: Faro Carballa José Antonio , Zuazua Wegener Nicolás , Zuza Astiz Carlos
Published: May 2021

El presente estudio tiene como objeto analizar la existencia de materiales latericios decubierta de época tardoantigua en contextos que evolucionan, a lo largo de la Alta EdadMedia, hacia santuarios o iglesias. Elementos constructivos que pueden contribuir a laidentificación de edicula o primitivas edificaciones de culto en aquellos espacios en losque los restos estructurales permanecen ocultos o han resultado muy dañados o destruidospor la superposición de sucesivos recintos religiosos. Las tégulas e ímbrices quese describen a continuación ofrecen la posibilidad de establecer las oportunas relacionescultuales y cronológicas, y compararlo con hallazgos similares en el ámbito peninsular.
Prospección de cuevas en el valle del Araxes (Araitz-Betelu, Navarra). Campañas de 2018-2020
Authors: Tapia Sagarna Jesús
Published: May 2021

Navarra está siendo escenario de nuevos descubrimientos relevantes para la prehistoriapeninsular, gracias a la revisión de yacimientos ya conocidos. Sin embargo llaman laatención amplias zonas vacías de yacimientos por la falta de prospecciones sistemáticas.Un vacío llamativo es el existente entre el norte de Navarra y el oriente de Gipuzkoa,pese a que la geología favorece la formación de cuevas. Nuestro proyecto de investigaciónse centra en la prospección sistemática de cuevas en el valle del río Araxes, en losmunicipios de Araitz y Betelu, y hemos localizado un primer yacimiento en Sagaskin3, donde se han identificado restos de ocupaciones humanas datadas en 14 000 cal BP.
El robo del siglo a plena luz del día
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Cypher James M.
Published: May 2021

La llamada reforma energética aprobada a finales de 2013 propinó la puntilla a Petróleos Mexicanos. Con ello el gobierno cierra un ciclo donde la generación y distribución de energía estaba controlada por el Estado. No desaparecerán las empresas petrolera y eléctrica, pero dejarán de ser las mayores empresas públicas de México. Ante los signos de agonía constitucional, el gobierno desplegó una campaña mediática que aseguraba que "el petróleo seguirá siendo de los mexicanos". Sin embargo, las grandes compañías privadas internacionales, luego de siete décadas y media, ahora pueden proclamar una frase semejante, pero a su favor.
Síntesis, estudios espectroscópicos, estructurales y conformacionales de nuevas especies de tioureas y guanidinas
Authors:   , Nossa González Diana Lisseth
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo de Tesis Doctoral se presentan el estudio de las propiedades vibracionales, estructurales y supramoleculares de una serie de compuestos nuevos pertenecientes a las familias químicas de las tioureas de acilo, amidas y guanidinas de acilo. Los compuestos seleccionados están relacionados desde el punto de vista de la naturaleza de sus sustituyentes, con el objetivo de poder establecer similitudes y entender tendencias en las propiedades fisicoquímicas y estructurales estudiadas. En particular, se presenta una serie de compuestos del tipo tioureas de acilo R1C(O)NHC(S)NH-R2, sustituidos en la posición R1 por grupos adamantilo, noradamantilo y bencilo; mientras que se eligieron sustituyentes R2 de cadenas alifáticas con grupos ricos en electrones [R2 = -C(CH2OH)3, -CH2CH2OCH3, -CH2CH2OH] o aromáticos con presencia de átomos atrayentes de electrones como bromo (Br) y flúor (F) [R2 = -2,4,6-trifluorofenil, -2,4,5-trifluorofenil y -2-Br-4,6-difluorofenil]. En la familia de las guanidinas de acilo ( R1C(O)NHC(N-R3)NH-R2) los sustituyentes R3 corresponden también a los sustituyentes aromáticos.
Золотой век поэтического двуязычия: французские переводы Баратынского
Authors: Armaganian-Le Vu Gayaneh
Published: May 2021

Pour Evgenij Baratynskij (1800-1844), poète romantique de l’Âge d’or de la poésie russe, comme pour tous aristocrates russes du XIXe siècle, écrire en français était absolument naturel. À Paris durant l’hiver 1843-1844 sur la demande d’Adolphe de Circourt et de ses confrères français, tel que Prosper Mérimée, il a traduit en français certains de ses poèmes. En choisissant de traduire en prose Baratynskij n’a pas seulement sacrifié à la tradition de cette époque-là, son choix était sans doute aussi motivé par une démarche de nature métapoétique. À la différence d’autres études textologiques qui remettent en question la paternité de ces traductions en leur attribuant un travail collectif, les quinze poèmes en prose de l’édition de 1914 de M. Gofman sont étudiés ici, en questionnant les problèmes de la traduction poétique : le choix de la traduction en prose et une conception de la poésie comme étant déjà une traduction et une mise à l’écart. L’article privilégie une approche de traductologie et de poétique qui questionne non pas la paternité de ces traductions, mais le phénomène même de bilinguisme poétique dans le contexte du bilinguisme de la noblesse russe du XIXe. Laissant de côté la question de l’attribution des traductions françaises de poésies de Baratynskij, déjà traitée par d’autres chercheurs, l’auteur s’attache à montrer comment Baratynskij a cherché à rendre sa prose poétique.
IDENTIFICATION OF RISKS IN THE FIELD OF HEALTHCARE AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE FUNCTIONING OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF MODERN REFORMS
Authors: Hrynchyshyn Iryna
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Among the measures to ensure the well-being of communities, one of the most important is health care, which in Ukrainian reality is largely due to high mortality rates, reduced life expectancy and low satisfaction of community residents with the quality of health care.
Goal. Identification of health risks, identification of their impact on the functioning of local communities and development of a set of measures aimed at their leveling.
Method (methodology). Methods of logical generalization, analysis, comparison and synthesis are used to identify risks in the health care system and justify measures to minimize them.
Results. Identified organizational and institutional, functional, financial risks in the health care system; an analytical study was carried out and the peculiarities of their influence on the functioning of territorial communities were clarified. A set of measures aimed at the effective functioning of health care at the territorial community level and minimization of negative consequences in terms of identified risks, namely: organizational and institutional (legislative definition of secondary and tertiary levels of health care, taking into account administrative and territorial features of primary health care). Assistance in determining the capitalization rate and the abolition of limitation of declarations in rural areas); financial (establishment of an effective mechanism for financing primary health care in the local community, elimination of inefficient expenditures, application of financial incentives for employees of health care facilities of the local community); functional risks (establishing partnerships between local governments and the management of the primary care institution, stimulating and encouraging local governments to develop medicine in the local community, control over the conditions of remuneration of primary care physicians).
LEGAL PREREQUISITES FOR INTRODUCTION OF MANDATORY ACCUMULATIVE PENSION INSURANCE
Authors: Burdenyuk Svitlana
Published: May 2021

Introduction. The priority of overcoming social tensions in society is a decent pension, which is one of the types of social guarantees of the state to its citizens, which should be protected by the legislation of Ukraine. Legislation and regulations are important means of regulating relations between the state and citizens in the field of pension insurance. Accumulative pension provision has been under discussion for more than a year, and it is the lack of a reliable legal framework that suspends its implementation.
The article analyses the legal aspects of the introduction of funded pension insurance, studies the legislation, considers changes and their impact on pensions, in particular on the funded component. Thus, the legislative regulation of the accumulative pension provision is an important component both for improving the trust of citizens and the standard of living of the elderly, and for filling the income part of the Pension Fund of Ukraine.
The question of whether the state will be able to pay accumulative pension contributions is relevant for society, which first of all needs legal guarantees of receiving their pension savings, so this question needs constant further research. Creating legislative preconditions for the functioning of funded pension provision is an urgent requirement of the time and a necessary condition for the existence of an effective, socially just system of relations in the field of social security.
Purpose. To characterize and systematize the accumulative pension provision by studying the legal aspects of its introduction. Improving the legislation of Ukraine on the functioning of the accumulative pension insurance system will make it unified and improve the pension provision of future generations of pensioners.
Method (methodology). The research methods are the historical method, because the pension legislation changed at different times and the evolution of the country's development was postponed. The article also uses methods of comparison and analysis to draw appropriate conclusions about the legal and legal framework of pensions and its progress in accordance with the requirements of the time.
Results. The article considers the legislative and normative – legal acts that regulate pension legal relations in Ukraine. The legal aspects of launching private pension insurance are analyzed and the draft law «On accumulative pension provision» is characterized, the introduction of which will allow introducing the stock market in Ukraine, which will allow it to be independent of external investors.
ASSESSMENT OF SUCCESS FACTORS AS A RESULT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY MANAGEMENT
Authors: Nadeiko Mykola
Published: May 2021

The subject of the study is methodological recommendation for assessing the consequences of the social responsibility introduction in the economic entities activities. The purpose of the article is a methodology formation for assessing the priority areas of social responsibility measures to achieve the desired success factors and its testing. Our aim was assessment of success factors from the introduction of activities on the basis of social responsibility. To achieve that goal we have identified socially oriented enterprises. The study was conducted on the basis of a survey of executive authorities. Sixty enterprises from twelve regions of Ukraine have been singled out, and their management representatives have become experts in assessing the priority areas of social responsibility management based on external vectors. External vectors such as: responsibility to the community, responsibility for the preservation of the environment and resources, responsibility to state fiscal authorities and the state were considered; responsibility to buyers and customers, responsibility to suppliers and partners. Vectors of social responsibility implementation based on the Sustain Ability matrix have been identified, which lead to the maximum effect for the enterprise. Measures or amounts of social investment in each area of social responsibility will be selected by management, depending on the purpose and capabilities of the enterprise, taking into account their priority. Using the method of analysis of hierarchies, namely the method of pairwise comparisons, success factors that are important for domestic businesses are identified. In particular, experts gave preference to such success factors as: increasing the productivity of the enterprise; cost reduction; the possibility of diversification of markets. Incomes growth and formation of a positive image of the enterprise can also be considered as important factor. Using the results of the research will encourage the management of enterprises to conduct business socially responsibly and use those measures that they believe will have the greatest impact on success.
STRATEGIES OF INTERNATIONAL HOTEL CHAINS AND DETERMINANTS OF PLANNING THEIR DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE
Authors: Shevchuk Vira , Bordun Oresta
Published: May 2021

Introduction. The hospitality business, as an economic activity, directly or indirectly creates jobs and is an important source of filling the treasury with foreign exchange. International hotel chains are important players in the hospitality market and in the hospitality industry in general, which is why a number of scientists are paying attention to the study.
Goal. The purpose of the article is to study the trends of strategies of international hotel chains, as well as to determine the determinants of planning the activities of global hotel chains in Ukraine.
Results. Based on the results of the analysis of the activity of world hotel chains, the strategies of their development in Ukraine are determined. In particular, the peculiarities of planning the activity of world hotel chains are characterized, the total number of the most popular hotel chains and their distribution on the territory of Ukraine is visualized. In addition, current trends in the functioning of national hotel corporations are presented, as well as trends in the further development of hotel brands. The novelty of this study is presented in determining the determinants of the spread of the world's most popular hotel chains in Ukraine. The analysis of hotel chains indicates a significant predominance of national (the share of global hotel chains in the hospitality market of Ukraine is only about 2%), which, in our opinion, due to a system of political, economic and security determinants, including: low level of economic development. per capita is almost the lowest in Europe); low solvency of the population and low share of expenditures on tourist services in the consumer basket of the average Ukrainian; instability of regulatory and legal support for the activities of domestic economic entities and the tax system of Ukraine; unpredictability with the settlement of the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine, etc. According to the results of the analysis of hotel chains, some main trends of their development are highlighted, which are mostly aimed at active development and use of information technologies and programs, improving service quality, improving image, reputation, attractiveness and uniqueness of each hotel brand.
PERSEPSI PEMUDA TERHADAP KEGIATAN USAHATANI KELAPA DI DESA KAUDITAN II KECAMATAN KAUDITAN
Authors: Punuh Jouke Adelheid , Dumais Joachim Noch Karel , Memah Melsje Yellie
Published: May 2021

The objective of this research to find out how young people's perceptions of knowing and doing coconut farming business activities in Kauditan II Village, Kauditan Sub-district, North Minahasa Regency. The research conducted for six months, namely July to December 2019. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. The research was carried out in Kauditan II Village, Kauditan District, North Minahasa Regency. The choice of location in this study was chosen based on the consideration that the village has coconut farmland. The research lasted for six months, from July to December 2019. Sampling was carried out deliberately on 37 young men whose parents engaged in coconut. The data needed in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data collected through interviews is carried out using a list of questions. Secondary data was obtained through documents and literature research results as well as data and information available at the Kauditan II Village Office. The data analysis technique used is the analysis and descriptive techniques using a Likert Scale measurement. The results showed that the youth agreed to do and understand the activities of coconut farming. The statement of youth to know postharvest tends to be higher, that is to agree because postharvest work is considered easier than other farming activities while the lowest score of the statement of youth wants to harvest on coconut trees because young people do not want to do coconut climbing activities that require special techniques.*eprm*
KARAKTERISTIK PETANI BERLAHAN SEMPIT DI DESA TOLOK KECAMATAN TOMPASO
Authors: Mandang Miranda , Sondakh Mex Frans Lodwyk , Laoh Olly Esry Harryani
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine the characteristics of smallholder farmers in Tolok Village, Tompaso District. The study was conducted in August to September 2019. The selection of samples in this study was carried out purposevley with 33 respondent farmers, namely those who have small size of land of less than 0.5 hectares. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data collected through interviews and observations. Secondary data were obtained from the Tolok Village office, library and the Internet. Data analysis uses description analysis, which describes the characteristics of smallholder farmers and is presented in tabular form. The results showed that farmers who have small size of land with low income and are unable to rely solely on the agricultural sector as a source of income. The non-agricultural sector is also used as a source of additional income to meet their needs.*eprm*
PERBANDINGAN NILAI TAMBAH DAN KEUNTUNGAN PENGOLAHAN PRODUK KEDELAI DI UD TIGA BERSAUDARA DI KELURAHAN TAAS KECAMATAN TIKALA
Authors: Samuna Dicky Ocniel Aji , Waney Nordy Fritsgerald Lucky , Loho Agnes Estephina
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to find out how much added value and benefits are, and to compare the added value of three soybean processing products at UD Tiga Brothers into tofu, sugar tofu andsoy milk. This research lasted for 3 months, from April until June 2019. Data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from direct interviews from the UD TigaBrothers factory owner, observations and records. The analysis used in this research is to use value added analysis, profit analysis, and compare the added value of the three soybean processingproducts.The results of this study indicated that the added value of processing soybeans into Chinese tofu is Rp. 37,749 / kg, the added value of processing soybeans into soy milk is Rp. 31,468 / kg and theadded value of processing soybeans into tofu sugar is Rp. 40,942.- / kg. while the benefits of processing soybeans into Chinese tofu amounted to Rp. 377,991 / kg, the profit from processing soybeans to soymilk is Rp. 33,464,5 - / kg and the profit from processing soybeans to tofu sugar is Rp. 68,140 / kg. Therefore it can be conclude the highest added value is tofu sugar product while the highest profit ischinese tofu products.*eprm*
PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMBANGUNAN JEMBATAN PERKEBUNAN DI DESA KANEYAN KECAMATAN TARERAN KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN
Authors: Umboh Shania Fonika Intan , Manginsela Elsje Pauline , Moniaga Vicky Richard Bernhard
Published: May 2021

This study aims to describe how the level and form of community participation in the construction of plantation bridges in Kaneyan Village, Tareran District, South Minahasa Regency. The study was conducted in November 2019 until April 2020. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through direct interviews with 30 respondents using a questionnaire and secondary data obtained from the Kaneyan village government office. The sampling technique was done intentionally (purposive sampling). Analysis of the data used in the research is a descriptive analysis method by making tables and percentages to explain the level and form of community participation in the construction of plantation bridges. Measurement of the level of participation using a Likert Scale. The results showed that the level of participation of the Kaneyan Village community in the plantation bridge construction program at the planning, implementation and maintenance stages and in the form of mind, energy, skills and goods participation was at a percentage of 57.51% included in the Participating category.*eprm*
ANALISIS PERMODALAN DAN KEUNTUNGAN USAHA MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH PADA RUMAH MAKAN (STUDI KASUS) DI KOTA MANADO
Authors: Panelewen Freddy Huibert Jacob , Tilaar Wenny , Kalangi Jolanda Kitsia Juliana
Published: May 2021

This study aims to analyze business management based on business methods and the effect of capital on the profits of MSME restaurants. This research was conducted in March to June 2019 in Manado City, North Sulawesi Province. The selection of respondents is done deliberately (purposive sampling). Primary data collection was carried out by interviewing 50 SME restaurant business owners. Secondary data were obtained from related agencies and journal articles. The analysis is carried out by analyzing the capital management of the profits of the restaurant business (business method of business) per year and analyzing the effect of capital on profits affected by costs and revenues (using SPSS Ver.22). The results showed that the capital and wealth per year, the smallest amounted to Rp 200,000.- and the highest capital and wealth Rp 107,100,000. While the average capital and wealth of micro and small restaurant businesses is Rp.10,862,360.- per year. Costs incurred per year, the lowest amounted to Rp. 800,000.- and costs incurred the highest Rp. 161,920,000. While the average annual costs incurred by micro small and medium restaurant businesses are Rp. 31,897,600. - The lowest receipts received were Rp. 24,675,000. - and the highest received receipts were Rp. 33,000,000,000. - While the average annual revenue received by micro and small restaurant restaurants was Rp. 1,463,471,300, - Profits obtained per year, the lowest is Rp. 60,300,000. - and the highest profit is Rp. 6,000,000,000. 800, - The calculation results from the data collected produce Regression Equation Y = 863,536.6,537 + 5,011X1 + 3,690X2 + 0,146X3. This states that the hypothesis is accepted that capital and wealth, costs and revenues have a very significant effect on profits (confidence level of 99%).*eprm*
PEMBERDAYAAN PENGRAJIN BAMBU DI KELURAHAN KINILOW KECAMATAN TOMOHON UTARA KOTA TOMOHON
Authors: Rompas Afny , Baroleh Jenny , Benu Noortje Marsellanie
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine the empowerment of bamboo craftsmen in Kinilow Village. The research was conducted from October to December 2019. The data used are primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through interview surveys using questionnaires and documentation. Secondary data were obtained from literature studies and related agencies, namely the Tomohon Industry and Trade Office and the Kinilow Urban Village government. The sampling method was purposive (purposive sampling) on 7 respondents of bamboo craftsmen in Kinilow Village. The data analysis used in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis and the data obtained are presented in tabular form. The results showed that the process of empowering bamboo craftsmen in Kinilow Village occurred through the implementation of empowerment which included the awareness and behavior formation stage, the knowledge transformation stage, and the intellectual ability improvement stage. The implementation of empowerment is carried out through entrepreneurship training which includes two objectives, namely providing counseling to improve product quality and providing training in product development skills and marketing strategies. As well as assistance provided by the Dinas.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA DI LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN KELAS IIA MANADO
Authors: Mamuaya Sandy Kristian , Rares Joyce Jacinta , Areros Weliam Agustinus
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of leadership and work motivation on the performance of state civil servants. This research was started from July to November 2020 at the Correctional Institution Class IIA Manado. The population in this study was all State Civil Servants (ASN) in the Correctional Institution Class IIA Manado They were 100 respondents and this population was the sample in this study. Data collection techniques in this study using a questionnaire. Data analysis techniques used normality test, heteroscedasticity test, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that, the first, leadership has a positive effect on the performance of the State Civil Service in Correctional Institution Class IIA Manado with a regression coefficient value of 0.034, so that the better the leadership, the better the performance of the State Civil Apparatus. Second, work motivation has a positive effect on the performance of the State Civil Apparatus in Manado Class IIA Penitentiary with a regression coefficient value of 0.742, so that the better the work motivation, the better the performance.
KONTRIBUSI SUB SEKTOR PERKEBUNAN DALAM PEREKONOMIAN KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA
Authors: Meray Karla ., , Lolowang Tommy F. , Mandei Juliana R.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this research is to see plantation sectoral contribution on North Minahasa Regency economic development. This research was conducted in July 2020. The data used in this study are secondary data. Data were obtained from North Minahasa Regency’s Central Burean of Statistics and North Minahasa Province’s Central Burean of Statistics. This research used basis of Constant Price Gross Regional Domestic Product from 2010 to 2019, land area and plantation productions of North Minahasa Regency. This study uses data analysis methods, namely location quotient analysis, shift share, and contribution analysis.  The results of the research showed that plantation sub-sector is basic sector in North Minahasa Regency and had LQ value more that 1 and be able to produce goods and services for local consumption as well as exportation. Shift share analysis showed that in year of 2010-2019 plantation sectoral didn’t have competitive advantage, but it has positif effect and a good growth rate for the economy of North Minahasa
Photonic band characterization in InGaN/GaN nanocolumn arrays with triangular and honeycomb lattices by angle-resolved micro-photoluminescence measurements
Authors: Oto Takao , Okamura Masato , Matsui Yuzo , Motoyama Kai , Ishizawa Shunsuke , Togashi Rie , Kishino Katsumi
Published: May 2021

We demonstrated photonic band characterization in photonic crystals (PhCs) based on InGaN/GaN nanocolumn (NC) arrays fabricated by Ti-mask selective area growth. Triangular and honeycomb latticed NCs with approximately the same diameter and closest distance were successfully fabricated. To effectively observe the photonic bands, we designed an angle-resolved micro-photoluminescence measurement system. The photonic bands in the honeycomb lattice were at longer wavelengths compared with those in the triangular lattice, indicating that, for the honeycomb lattice, narrower NCs were available to realize PhC effects in the long-wavelength region. Therefore, narrow honeycomb lattices with large nanocrystalline and PhC effects are suitable for long-wavelength emission.
Mid-air acoustic tweezers for non-contact pick up using multi-channel controlled ultrasonic transducer arrays
Authors: Kondo Shota , Okubo Kan
Published: May 2021

Ultrasonic transducer arrays realize non-contact manipulation using acoustic radiation force. Non-contact pick-up conventionally uses hemispherical ultrasonic arrays. However, particles on reflective stages cannot be picked up. In this study, we propose a multi-channel hemispherical ultrasonic transducer array for non-contact pick-up on a rigid stage with reflection. The phase and amplitude of each channel are optimized using the sound reproduction method. This creates an acoustic trap at only the desired position, and pick up can thus be realized on the rigid stage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate non-contact pickup using this approach.
Acoustic sensing method for an occlusion area with super-directional sound sources and multiple modulation signal
Authors: Koyama Seiji , Okubo Kan , Tagawa Norio
Published: May 2021

Several signal types such as sound waves, radio waves, lights, and lasers are currently being used for sensing technology. This study focuses on acoustic sensing in air and it attempts to detect an object in an occluded area. Sound waves in the audible range have a long wavelength. The wraparound of waves is caused by diffraction and it appears conspicuously. Low-frequency sound waves can detect objects that are hidden behind other objects via diffraction. This study investigates occlusion area sensing by using a single transmission with a multiple modulation signal. In addition, a sensing system is proposed that can efficiently identify objects in occlusion area. Applying a multiple modulation signal to sensing systems can reduce the cost of transmitting the coded signals. The results from this investigation demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible to detect objects in occlusion areas.
Actively Q-switched Tb:LiYF4 green lasers
Authors: Chen Hengjun , Yao Weichao , Uehara Hiyori , Yasuhara Ryo
Published: May 2021

In this work we have developed, for the first time to our knowledge, an actively Q-switched Tb:LiYF4 laser with emission directly into the green spectral region at 544 nm. Using an acousto-optical modulator, the laser delivered an average power of 445 mW at 3 kHz repetition rate for an incident pump power of 3 W at 488 nm. The laser pulse energy and the pulse duration were measured to be 148 μJ and 190 ns, respectively, indicating a pulse peak power of 580 W with output transmittance of 10%. The laser could be operated up to a repetition rate of 16 kHz with output transmittance of 2%.
Electron mobility along 〈0001〉 and 〈11̅00〉 directions in 4H-SiC over a wide range of donor concentration and temperature
Authors: Ishikawa Ryoya , Hara Masahiro , Tanaka Hajime , Kaneko Mitsuaki , Kimoto Tsunenobu
Published: May 2021

We investigated the Hall electron mobility in 4H-SiC along and perpendicular to the c-axis (μ
H,// and μ
H,⊥) using Hall bar structures fabricated on n-type SiC(

11

2

̅

0

) epitaxial layers over a wide range of donor concentration (2.1 × 1015–3.2 × 1018 cm−3) and temperature (298–600 K). We obtained μ
H,// of 1160 cm2 V−1s−1, which is the highest electron mobility ever reported for SiC measured at room temperature. The anisotropy of drift mobility becomes smaller at higher temperature and with higher donor concentration. This result can be qualitatively explained by smaller anisotropy of electron effective mass in the high-energy region of the conduction band.
Interfacial spin-orbit torque and spin transparency in Co/Pt bilayer
Authors: Moriya Hiroyuki , Musha Akira , Ando Kazuya
Published: May 2021

We show that interfacial spin–orbit coupling is an efficient source of spin-orbit torques in a Co/Pt bilayer, a prototypical spin-orbitronic device. We find that the spin–orbit coupling at the Co/Pt interface can be effectively manipulated by inserting a thin TiN layer. We show that the strong spin–orbit coupling at the Co/Pt interface enables efficient generation of interfacial spin-orbit torques, as well as suppresses bulk spin-orbit torques, resulting in the dominance of the interfacial contribution in the generation of the spin-orbit torques. This result provides an important information for developing efficient spin-orbitronic devices based on the interfacial spin–orbit coupling.
Quando le cose sono più brutte delle parole: gli aggettivi corrispondenti a omicidio, suicidio, genocidio
Authors: D'Achille Paolo
Published: May 2021

Ci sono pervenuti vari quesiti che ci chiedono se è corretto l’aggettivo omicidiario, usato nel linguaggio giuridico, spesso riferito all’intento dell’autore del delitto, o se è meglio sostituirlo con omicida (forma della quale alcuni chiedono quale sia il plurale). Altri chiedono se esistono in italiano il verbo genocidiare, il sostantivo genocida e l’aggettivo genocidiario, che corrisponderebbe al francese génocidiaire. Altri ancora hanno dubbi sulla presenza della i, chiedendo se non siano preferibili omicidario e genocidario alle forme citate, come pure suicidario a suicidiario.
Derivati dei nomi dei mesi (Gennaio)
Authors: Francalanci Lucia
Published: May 2021

Vista la frequenza con cui giungono al servizio di Consulenza linguistica quesiti riguardanti i derivati dei nomi dei mesi, la Redazione ha deciso di proporre ogni ultima domenica del mese una rubrica con la trattazione, il più possibile completa, dei derivati del nome del mese che si sta concludendo.
Colto e acculturato sono sinonimi?
Authors: Iacobini Claudio
Published: May 2021

Sono molti i lettori che ci rivolgono domande a proposito di acculturato, mettendolo spesso in relazione con colto.
Ambiguità delle sigle e questione di genere: il caso di Tgr
Authors: Bonomi Ilaria
Published: May 2021

Parecchi lettori hanno chiesto, alcuni lamentandosene, le ragioni e la liceità dell’espressione la Tgr, pensandola riferita al telegiornale: qualcuno ha anche citato un improbabile la tg3, o addirittura la tg. E qualcuno ha addirittura erroneamente inserito anche questo ‘strano’ genere femminile nella tendenza generale a creare il femminile dei nomi di professione in modalità ‘normali’ per la nostra lingua, ma che sono molto discusse: una tendenza illustrata e argomentata da Vittorio Coletti nel tema di questo mese.
Non incappiamo in errori nella grafia di capasanta
Authors: Giovine Sara
Published: May 2021

Diversi lettori si sono rivolti al servizio di consulenza linguistica per sapere quale sia la grafia più corretta tra capasanta, capa santa, cappasanta o cappa santa. Ci viene inoltre chiesto quale sia il plurale della parola.
Ludopatia
Authors: Torchia Maria Cristina
Published: May 2021

Rispondiamo a M.P. che, dalla provincia di Arezzo, ci chiede quale sia il significato del termine ludopatia.
Sull'alternanza dei suffissi -iatra e -logo nella terminologia medica: pediatra e cardiologo
Authors: Cainelli Manuela
Published: May 2021

Milena Bramardi si rivolge al nostro servizio di consulenza per avere chiarimenti sulla formazione delle parole nella terminologia medica; in particolare chiede perché il suffisso di alcuni specialisti è -iatra (pediatra ecc.) e quello di altri -logo (cardiologo ecc.).
Un antico termine della medicina: essutorio
Authors: Trifone Pietro
Published: May 2021

Mario A. da Roma ci chiede etimologia e significato del termine essutorio che ha trovato in un antico testo di medicina.
Direttori d’orchestra e maestri del coro anche se donne?
Authors: D'Achille Paolo
Published: May 2021

Ci sono pervenute (e continuano a pervenirci) molte domande sulle espressioni direttrice d’orchestra e maestra del coro: sono corrette o è preferibile usare i nomi maschili anche quando si parla di donne che svolgono tali professioni?
Comparative Study of Gong’an and Mystery Novels: Focusing on Sanyan and Cheng Xiaoqing’s Short Stories
Authors:   The Society For Chinese Humanities In Korea, . .
Published: May 2021

Mystery novels are products of early modern history. Edgar Allen Poe’s mystery novels, among others, were introduced to China during the translation boom of the 1920s. At the time, modern literature found its way into China through the Shanghai foreign concessions. During this era, there were mainly two kinds of readers: those of the intellectual class, who typically read modern literature and those who were ordinary citizens, who typically devoured popular literature such as romance, mystery, and hero stories. Meanwhile, there was a sharp increase in the publication of Chinese mystery novels. Although the Chinese did not invent the mystery genre, it easily gained a foothold in China due to its similarity to the existing gong’an novel. The Chinese versions of the mystery genre were heavily influenced by gong’an novels. The two genres, while still distinct, share many characteristics. This study first defines the origins and terms of the mystery genre. Subsequently, it shows its relationship with the gong’an novel. Finally, it analyzes the differences and similarities between the two styles based on the gong’an elements found in Sanyan and the mystery short stories of Cheng Xiaoqing, a Chinese mystery author active in the 1920s. This comparative analysis includes an examination of characters, descriptions of the investigation process, and narrative characteristics. While Sanyan consists of pictorial novels compiled by Feng Menglong, most of which are gong’an, Hwossangtaman is a popular mystery novel by Cheng Xiaoqing, who translated many mystery stories into Chinese. This comparative study of these two well-known works demonstrates how Chinese gong’an and mystery novels influenced each other.