bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Big bees do a better job: intraspecific size variation influences pollination effectiveness.
Authors: Willmer Pat , Finlayson Kathryn
Published: April 2019

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.) are efficient pollinators of many flowering plants, yet the pollen deposition performance of individual bees has not been investigated. Worker bumblebees exhibit large intraspecific and intra-nest size variation, in contrast with other eusocial bees; and their size influences collection and deposition of pollen grains.Laboratory studies with B. terrestris workers and Vinca minor flowers showed that pollen grains deposited on stigmas in single visits (SVD) were significantly positively related to bee size; larger bees deposited more grains, while the smallest individuals, with proportionally shorter tongues, were unable to collect or deposit pollen in these flowers. Individuals did not increase their pollen deposition over time, so handling experience does not influence SVD in Vinca minor.Field studies using Geranium sanguineum and Echium vulgare, and multiple visiting species, confirmed that individual size affects SVD. All bumblebee species showed size effects, though even the smallest individuals did deposit pollen, whereas there was no detectable effect with Apis with its limited size variation. Two abundant hoverfly species also showed size effects, particularly when feeding for nectar.Mean size of foragers also varied diurnally, with larger individuals active earlier and later, so that pollination effectiveness varies through a day; flowers routinely pollinated by bees may best be served by early morning dehiscence and visits from larger individuals.Thus, while there are well-documented species-level variations in pollination effectiveness, the fine-scale individual differences between foragers should also be taken into account when assessing the reproductive outputs of biotically-pollinated plants.
Generalist versus specialist pollination systems in 26 Oenothera (Onagraceae)
Authors: Krakos Kyra Neipp , Fabricant Scott A.
Published: April 2019

Although generalized and specialized plants are often discussed as alternative states, the biological reality may better be viewed as a continuum. However, estimations of pollinator specificity have been confounded in some studies by the assumption that all floral visitors are pollinators. Failure to account for pollen load can lead to inaccurate conclusions regarding the number of pollinators with which a species actually interacts. The aim of this study was to clarify the distribution of pollination-system specialization within one clade, using a more rigorous assessment of pollen flow. The genus Oenothera has long been used as a model system for studying reproductive biology, and it provides a diversity of pollination systems and a wealth of historical data. Both floral visitation rate and pollen-load analysis of sampled pollinators, combined into a metric of pollen flow, were used to quantify the pollination systems of 26 Oenothera taxa. Metric of pollinator specialization were calculated as functions of both total pollinator taxa, and as pollinator functional groups. We found that for Oenothera, the number of floral visitors highly overestimates the number of pollinators, and is inadequate for determining or predicting pollination system specialization. We found that that pollination systems were distributed on a gradient from generalized to specialized, with more pollinator-specialized plant taxa, especially when estimated using pollinator functional groups. These results are in conflict with previous studies that depict most plant species as generalists, and this finding may be related to how prior studies have estimated specialization.
Flies and Flowers II: Floral Attractants and Rewards
Authors: Woodcock Thomas S. , Larson Brendon M.H. , Kevan Peter G. , Inouye David W. , Lunau Klaus
Published: April 2019

This paper comprises Part II of a review of flower visitation and pollination by Diptera (myiophily or myophily). While Part I examined taxonomic diversity of anthophilous flies, here we consider the rewards and attractants used by flowers to procure visits by flies, and their importance in the lives of flies. Food rewards such as pollen and nectar are the primary reasons for flower visits, but there is also a diversity of non-nutritive rewards such as brood sites, shelter, and places of congregation. Floral attractants are the visual and chemical cues used by Diptera to locate flowers and the rewards that they offer, and we show how they act to increase the probability of floral visitation. Lastly, we discuss the various ways in which flowers manipulate the behaviour of flies, deceiving them to visit flowers that do not provide the advertised reward, and how some flies illegitimately remove floral rewards without causing pollination. Our review demonstrates that myiophily is a syndrome corresponding to elements of anatomical, behavioural and physiological adaptations of flower-visiting Diptera. The bewildering diversity of anthophilous Diptera and of the floral attractants and rewards to which they respond allows for only broad generalizations on myiophily and points to the need for more investigation. Ecological relationships between flies and flowers are critical to the survival of each group in many habitats. We require greater understanding of the significance of flies in pollination, especially in the face of recent pollinator declines.
Do honeybees act as pollen thieves or pollinators of Datura wrightii?
Authors: McCall Andrew C. , Richman Sarah K. , Thomson Eric , Edgerton Monica , Jordan Skyler , Bronstein Judith
Published: April 2019

Datura wrightii (Solanaceae), a common shrub in the southwestern United States, bears massive, white, night-blooming flowers that attract and reward hawkmoth pollinators. However, Apis mellifera (honeybee) foragers are often observed on its flowers, especially at dusk and dawn hours. Their foraging activities are focused on the anthers, suggesting they could be pollen thieves. We used a series of observations and manipulative experiments to determine if honeybees are detrimental or beneficial to D. wrightii. We found that honeybees were the most frequent visitors to D. wrightii flowers at both dusk and dawn, and that they removed and carried large amounts of D. wrightii pollen. Flowers were capable of being pollinated at dusk and dawn and a single visit by a honeybee was sufficient to pollinate the flowers and produce fruit. There was no evidence that restricting visitation to diurnal hours yielded fruit set that was different from when we restricted visitation (likely by hawkmoths) to evening hours. These results suggest that honeybees are capable of effective pollination of D. wrightii. Although honeybees might interfere with pollen transmission mediated by their highly specialized hawkmoth pollinators, they may also increase plant fitness by pollinating D. wrightii when hawkmoths are not present.
Specialist nectarivorous birds (Cinnyris osea) steal nectar whereas omnivorous birds are pollen transfer vectors of Anagyris foetida
Authors: Haran Ron , Izhaki Ido , Dafni Amots
Published: April 2019

The ornithophilous Anagyris foetida is almost the only shrub in the eastern Mediterranean region that flowers in winter. We assessed the pollination potential of flower visitors by observing pollen loads on trapped animals and contacts with floral parts. Resident and wintering omnivorous bird species, together with honey bees (Apis mellifera), were found to carry the shrub’s pollen throughout its long flowering period in Israel and thus might be legitimate pollinators. Spring-migrating omnivorous birds passing through Israel carried pollen. The Palestine Sunbird (Cinnyris osea) is the only specialist nectarivorous bird in the Middle East. It carries little pollen and is therefore primarily a nectar thief of A. foetida.
The Analysis of Alignment between Main Lessons and Unit Assessments in Elementary School Mathematics Textbooks
Authors:   The Korea Society Of Educational Studies In Mathematics, Chang Hyewon , Lim Miin
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the alignment between main lessons and unit assessments in elementary school mathematics textbooks, and to derive meaningful implications for writing the unit assessments of mathematics textbooks. To do these, we investigated the related research, and from the viewpoints of contents and representations analyzed the alignment between main lessons and unit assessments of mathematics textbooks for the first and second graders in Korea since the 5th national curriculum. As a result of the analysis, there were many cases where alignment did not hold properly. To be more concrete, the learning contents that were not covered by the unit assessment, the contents of unit assessments that were not covered by the lesson, and the different representations between the main lessons and the unit assessments were extracted. From the discussion based on the results of analysis, several implications were drawn for composing the unit assessments of elementary school mathematics textbooks.
A Longitudinal Study on the Methods of Definition of Geometrical Terms for Elementary School Mathematics
Authors:   The Korea Society Of Educational Studies In Mathematics, Nam Jihyun , Chang Hyewon
Published: April 2019

Just as the definition of geometry as the starting point of geometrical systems in academic mathematics, the definitions of geometrical terms in school mathematics have a great influence on the learning of geometrical concepts. This study focuses on how to define the geometrical terms in order to encourage students’ meaningful understanding based on the importance of definitions in teaching and learning of geometry. This study classified the definitions of geometrical terms for elementary school mathematics according to the methods of definition in the textbooks from the 1st to the 2015 national revised curriculum and analyzed the change patterns. As a result, the proportion of the methods of definition used varied according to the curriculum and the characteristics of each curriculum can be deduced according to the ratio of main intensional method. Also, some terms were defined by a consistent method, other terms showed a change in the methods of definition. Based on these results, we suggested several implications how to define geometrical terms to be presented in elementary mathematics textbooks.
Efektifitas Pemberian Tablet Besi (Fe) Terhadap Peningkatan Kadar Hemoglobin pada Siswi yang Menderita Anemia di SMAN 3 Kabupaten Sampang
Authors: Setiyowati Eppy , Nadatien Ima , Rusdianingsih Rusdianingsih , Amilia Yunita
Published: April 2019

Young women every month experiencing menstruation will be at risk for anemia, coupled with poor dietary habits. The aim of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of giving Fe tablets to hemoglobin levels of female students who suffer from anemia in SMAN 3 in Sampang Regency. Descriptions of quasi-experimental studies using the one sample pre-post design cohort approach, the population is the third-grade students of Sampang State High School who suffer from anemia as many as 115 students. The sample size is determined by the formula as many as 89 respondents. Provision of Fe tablets for 1 week with a dose of 1 day 1 time, when students experience menstruation. Data retrieval was done by measuring Hb levels before and after administration of Fe tablets. Furthermore, the data was analyzed by a paired test t-test. The results of the study showed that the administration of iron tablets was significant for changes in Hb levels that the results of the test analysis showed a p-count of 0.00. This is due to the fact that the administration of Fe tablets for 1 week can change Hb levels in Sampang 3 High School students. The conclusions of the study showed that the administration of Fe tablets was able to change Hb levels so that students who were anemic at the time of menstruation should be given a Fe tablet so that there was no decrease in hemoglobin levels. Keyword: Anemia, tablet Fe, Kadar Hb
When Making the Grade Isn’t Enough: The Gendered Nature of Premed Science Course Attrition
Authors: Witherspoon Eben B. , Vincent-Ruz Paulette , Schunn Christian D.
Published: April 2019

Women take qualifying exams and enter medical school at substantially lower levels than predicted by their interest in medical degrees at the end of high school. We examined how science course experiences contribute to gendered attrition in premed using a multicohort data set of 8,253 undergraduates taking the traditional premed sequence of introductory science courses at a public research university between 2008 and 2016. Gendered attrition was not based in academic performance, was specific to high-performing women, and yet was grounded in competency beliefs. The result is that high-performing women often graduate with lower paying, lower status degrees. Motivational interventions in premed science courses will be critical for retaining high-performing women in premed, an important outcome with implications for equity and women’s health.
Estimation of Expected Fisher Information for IRT Models
Authors: Monroe Scott
Published: April 2019

In item response theory (IRT) modeling, the Fisher information matrix is used for numerous inferential procedures such as estimating parameter standard errors, constructing test statistics, and facilitating test scoring. In principal, these procedures may be carried out using either the expected information or the observed information. However, in practice, the expected information is not typically used, as it often requires a large amount of computation. In the present research, two methods to approximate the expected information by Monte Carlo are proposed. The first method is suitable for less complex IRT models such as unidimensional models. The second method is generally applicable but is designed for use with more complex models such as high-dimensional IRT models. The proposed methods are compared to existing methods using real data sets and a simulation study. The comparisons are based on simple structure multidimensional IRT models with two-parameter logistic item models.
The effect of community pharmacist education and training on medication dispensing and counselling
Authors: eltaib lina , mujtaba mohamed ali , rikabi hind
Published: April 2019

Background:

There is a great deal of concern surrounding the dispensing practices; a
majority of studies conducted in the KSA indicated that the risk of dispensing
errors was increasing.

Objectives: To
evaluate the effect of community pharmacist education and training on
medication dispensing and counselling.

Methods: The
data was collected by the researchers with a designed pretested interview
questionnaire. Shadowing enabled the researcher to understand the user's
perspective.
PENGARUH PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL DAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. GARUDA INDONESIA (PERSERO) TBK BRANCH OFFICE PADANG
Authors: Yunas Nurfitri , Dewi Aminar Sutra
Published: April 2019

This study aims to determine and analyze the Influence of Internal Control and Leadership On Employee Performance PT. Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Branch Office Padang. The method used in this research is questionnaire. The samples used were as many as 45 respondents.. Data analysis techniques used in this research is multiple linear regression with SPSS version 20. Based on the development of a hypothesis can be obtained the results of that internal control variables, the leadership of the positive and significant effect on performance of employees at PT. Garuda Indonesia (Persero) tbk Branch Office Padang with a value Adjusted R Square of 67.9% 32.1%, while the rest is affected by other variables that are not included in this study. It is advisable to improve the performance of employees to be more in focus on internal control variables by means of identifying any risks that exist to achieve company goals, so more employees can achieve company goals with optimal
ANALISIS PENGARUH NILAI PELANGGAN DAN CITRA MEREK TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN PADA RUMAH MAKAN LAMUN OMBAK DI KOTA PADANG
Authors: Zarman Juli , Dewi Aminar Sutra
Published: April 2019

This study was conducted to examine the effect of customer value and brand image of the value of customer satisfaction with home eating seagrass meadow waves in the city. the population used in this study food consumers seagrass waves in town padang.teknik sampling method used is judgemen sampling criteria have been a food consumers seagrass meadow waves in the city. The number of samples preformance this study of 100 respondents, which is based on the view roscoe quoted sekaran (2006). Based on the results of studies using multiple linear regression analysis on the influence of customer value and brand image on customer satisfaction home eating seagrass waves. It can be concluded that the two independent variables have a significant influence on customer satisfaction in choosing where to eat. Of the two independent variables are the most dominant influence on customer satisfaction home eating seagrass waves is customer value.
KETERKAITAN ANTARA JARINGAN
Authors: solehawati Iis
Published: April 2019

Pada kesempatan kali ini saya membahas tentang bagaimana cara kerja jaringan seluler atau cara kerja komunikasi antar sesama jaringan yang saling berkaitan untuk bisa saling berhubungan menggunakan jaringan, yang demikian juga sering digunakan pada terphone seluler setiap individu untuk saling bertukar komunikasi. Pada era modern ini teknologi juga semakin canggih contohnya pada jaringan yang digunakan masyarkat pada era modern ini lebih efisien di bandingkan dengan masyarakat pada terdahulu. Seiring perkembangan nya juga tak heran jika para provider berlomba lomba untuk menciptakan jaringan yang stabil untuk di gunakan dan banyak diminati masyarakat besar khusus nya juga mengarah kepada perusahaan yang berkembang di bidang teknologi.
Bentuk Perpaduan Nyanyian Himne Dan Nyanyian Rohani Kontemporer Dalam Ibadah Di Gereja Kemah Injil Indonesia Jemaat Talitakumi Makassar
Authors: Manilani Yohana Marturia
Published: April 2019

Tujuan penulisan skripsi adalah mengetahui bentuk perpaduan seperti apakah yang dipakai untuk memadukan nyanyian himne dan nyanyian rohani kontemporer dalam ibadah di Gereja Kemah Injil Indonesia Jemaaat Talitakumi Makassar. Adapun hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: Pertama, Para pendiri gereja kebanyakan mereka yang berlatar belakang Calvinis, yang lebih menerima pemakain nyanyian himne dengan iringan pianao tunggal, dibandingkan dengan pemakain musik kontemporer (fullband). Kedua, karena kelompok ini memiliki paradigma bahwa nyanyian kontemporer merupakan nyanyian yang memiliki makna theologi yang kurang dalam, jika dibandingkan dengan nyanyian himne, yang menurut mereka merupakan nyanyian yang agung dan juga memiliki makna teologi dalam. Ada juga kendala dari kelompok yang kurang menerima pemakaian himne yaitu: Pertama, adanya pemahaman bahwa nyanyian himne (NKI) merupakan nyanyian yang susah di mengerti jika dilihat dari syairnya yang syairnya yang bersifat puitis. Kedua, nyanyian himne merupakan nyanyian orang tua, sehingga lebih banyak digandrungi oleh orang tua. Metode apa yang efektif untuk digunakan dalam memadukan nyanyian himne dan nyanyian kontenporer dalam pelaksanaan ibadah adalah Pertama, menyanyikan nyanyian himne dengan sajian musik kontemporer. Bentuk perpaduan ini merupakan sala satu bentuk yang menurut penulis lebih cocok untuk digunakan dalam ibadah di Gereja Kemah Inijil Indonesia Talitakumi Makassar, sebagai sala satu cara untuk mengubah paradigma dari kelompok jemaat yang kurang menerima penggunaan nyanyian dan musik kontemporer dalam ibadah. Kedua, menggunakan kedua jenis nyanyian yaitu nyanyian himne dan nyanyian rohani kontemporer dalam liturgi ibadah.
Manage your research on a connected platform that's ready to share
Authors: Mellor David Thomas
Published: April 2019

There is a growing expectation that the evidence underlying results of scientific research should be more widely shared. More transparency into the underlying data, research materials, analytical code, and methodology will increase trust in reported findings, allow others to build upon early findings, and enable new discoveries (Munafò et al., 2017). Though it is obvious that such transparency is helpful to the wider scientific community, it is also clear that this transparency is helpful to individual researchers.
Tinjauan Teologis Terhadap Konsep Rasul Paulus Tentang “Kelemahan” Berdasarkan Surat 2 Korintus 12:1-10 Dan Implikasinya Dalam Kehidupan Orang Percaya Masa Kini
Authors: Nanlohy Jacoba Paulina
Published: April 2019

Tujuan penulisan skripsi ini adalah untuk menjelaskan tentang pemahaman teologis terhadap konsep Rasul Paulus tentang kelemahan berdasarkan 2 Korintus 12:1-10 serta untuk menjelaskan implikasi praktis tentang kelemahan sesuai konsep Rasul Paulus berdasarkan 2 Korinstus 12:1-10 dalam kehidupan orang percaya masa kini. Adapun hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: Pertama, kelemahan dapat menghindarkan manusia dari meninggikan diri supaya manusia tidak melupakan Allah dalam keberhasilan. Karena keberhasilan banyak kali membuat manusia menjadi sombong dan dengan cepat melupakan Tuhan serta cenderung membanggakan dirinya. Dengan adanya kelemahan seseorang akan menyadari bahwa kesuksesan yang dicapai itu karena pemeliharaan Allah. Kelemahan juga akan menanamkan kaki orang percaya untuk tetap melekat pada bumi dan hidup dalam kerendahan hati. Kedua, kelemahan menyatakan kecukupan kasih karunia Allah, karena dalam kelemahan seseorang akan terus berharap dan bergantung kepada Allah, dan dalam kepasrahan kepada Allah ia akan merasakan bahwa kasih karunia Allah yang besar dan cukup untuk mengatasi segala kelemahannya. Kecukupan kasih karunia Allah terbukti dan menjadi nyata disaat seseorang berada dalam kelemahan dan tidak melihat jalan keluar yang pasti. Ketiga, kelemahan diberikan Allah untuk tujuan tertentu karena dengan adanya kelemahan setiap orang akan mengerti bahwa Allah bisa mencapai tujuannya di atas kelemahan dan kerendahan hati manusia, bukan di atas kekuatan dan keyakinan pada kekuatan dirinya sendiri, dan bahwa Ia dapat memakai orang yang biasa-biasa saja dan penuh kekurangan bahkan lebih tertarik kepada orang-orang yang menyadari dan mengakui keterbatasan atau kelemahannya, supaya menjadi nyata bahwa dalam kelemahanlah kuasa Allah menjadi sempurna. Keempat, kelemahan sebagai realitas hidup yang menjadikan kuat. Oleh sebab itu setiap kelemahan harus dihadapi dengan tetap bersandar kepada Allah karena Dia akan memberikan kekuatan kepada orang percaya dan gereja-Nya untuk bertahan dan menghadapi kelemahan tanpa harus menyalahkan keadaan.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KINERJA KEUANGAN ANTARA BANK CENTRAL ASIA DAN BANK NEGARA INDONESIA BERDASARKAN METODE ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED (EVA) DAN MARKET VALUEADDED (MVA) PADA TAHUN 2011-2015
Authors: Saputra Jack Tri , Dewi Aminar Sutra
Published: April 2019

This study aims to determine the performance of Bank BCA and Bank BNI using EVA and MVA during the years 2011 to 2015. The study was categorized as a comparative descriptive study. The author chose a sample of a population’s financial statements, issued by PT Bank Central Asia Tbk and PT Bank Negara Indonesia Tbk. The data used are secondary data with engineering documentation. Data analysis method used is Independent Sample T-test. The results showed that there is no difference in financial performance by using thr method EVA and MVA at the Bank BCA with the Bank BNI. From result of the data processing found value t tabel > t hitung that is 2,306 > 1,549 for variables EVA and 2,306 > -2,024 for variables MVA.
Multilevel Assessment of Mental Stress using SVM with ECOC: An EEG Approach
Authors: Al-Shargie Fares
Published: April 2019

Mental stress has been identified as one of the major contributing factors that leads to various diseases such as heart attack, depression and stroke. To avoid this, stress quantification is important for clinical intervention and disease prevention. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of exploiting Electroencephalography (EEG) signals to discriminate between different stress levels. We propose a new assessment protocol whereby the stress level is represented by the complexity of mental arithmetic (MA) task for example, at three levels of difficulty, and the stressors are time pressure and negative feedback. Using 18-male subjects, the experimental results showed that there were significant differences in EEG response between the control and stress conditions at different levels of MA task with p-values < 0.001. Furthermore, we found a significant reduction in alpha rhythm power from one stress level to another level, p-values <0.05. In comparison, results from self-reporting questionnaire NASA-TLX approach showed no significant differences between stress levels. In addition, we developed a discriminant analysis method based on multiclass support vector machine (SVM) with error-correcting output code (ECOC). Different stress levels were detected with an average classification accuracy of 94.79%. The Lateral Index (LI) results further showed dominant right prefrontal cortex (PFC) to mental stress (reduced alpha rhythm). The study demonstrated the feasibility of using EEG in classifying multilevel mental stress, and reported alpha rhythm power at right prefrontal cortex as a suitable index.
MEDIA DAN SUMBER BELAJAR PEMBELAJARAN PPKn KELAS 1 SD/MI
Authors: Nasution Leoly Ahadiathul Akhiriah
Published: April 2019

Teori pengajaran abad ke 21 yang dilalui saat ini, tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa perkembangan teori ini sangat pesat dan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap masa depan pendidikan para generasi bangsa. Oleh sebab itu individu yang tidak mampu mengikuti alur dan tidak mampu menempatkan diri pada abad ini akan merasakan rugi yang luar biasa dan ditinggalkan oleh perkembangan abad ini, sehingga menjadi individu yang terbelakang tanpa mampu untuk berpartisipasi dan bersaing dalam abad ini.Abad ke 21 mengajarkan kita bahwa seluruh segi kehidupan tidak berjalan pada porosnya melainkan terus mengalami berbagai perkembangan untuk mendapatkan kemudahan-kemudahan dalam proses menjalani kehidupan yang terus berjalan tanpa akhir dan akan selalu menimbulkan konflik untuk individu masing-masing. Jadi perlu mawas diri dalam abad ke 21 merupakan kunci utama agar dapat menyeimbangi perkembangan zaman dan selalu menjadi individu yang produktif dimana pun dan kapan pun.
Selective attention to the mouth of talking faces in monolinguals and bilinguals aged 5 months to 5 years
Authors: Morin-Lessard Elizabeth , Poulin-Dubois Diane , Segalowitz Norman , Byers-Heinlein Krista
Published: April 2019

A talking face provides redundant cues on the mouth that might support language learning and highly salient social cues in the eyes. What drives children's looking towards the mouth versus eyes of a talking face? This study reports data from 292 children who viewed faces speaking English, French, and Russian. We investigated the impact of children’s age (5 months to 5 years) and language background (monolingual English, monolingual French, bilingual English-French), and the speaker’s language (dominant, non-dominant, or non-native) relative to children’s native language(s). Data from 129 bilingual adults were also collected for comparison. Five-month-olds showed balanced attention to the eyes and mouth, but children up to 5 years tended to be most interested in the mouth. In contrast, adults were most interested in the eyes. We found little evidence for different patterns of attention for monolinguals versus bilinguals, or to a native versus a non-native speaker. Using percentile scores, monolinguals with larger productive vocabularies looked more at the mouth, while bilinguals with larger comprehension vocabularies looked marginally less at the mouth, although both effects were small and not as robust with raw vocabulary scores. Children showed large but stable individual variability in their face scanning patterns across different speakers. Our results show that the way that children allocate their attention to talking faces continues to change from infancy through the preschool years and beyond. Future studies will need to go beyond looking at bilingualism, speaker language, and vocabulary size to understand what drives children’s in-the-moment attention to talking faces.
CITapp - a response time-based Concealed Information Test lie detector web application
Authors: Lukács Gáspár
Published: April 2019

CITapp - a response time-based Concealed Information Test lie detector web application. It implements a standard version and a more recent enhanced version. This method aims to reveal whether or not a certain information detail (e.g. a photo taken from the scene of a recent burglary) is known to the tested person.
Applying Network Analysis to Understand Depression and Substance Use in Indian Adolescents
Authors: Wasil Akash , Venturo-Conerly Katherine E. , Shinde Sachin , Patel Vikram , Jones Payton J.
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroduction: Network analysis has been used to better understand relationships between depressive symptoms. Existing work has rarely examined networks of adolescents or individuals in non-western countries. Methods: We used data from 13,035 adolescents (52.5% male; Mage = 13.8) from Bihar, a low-resource state in India. Depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and substance use was measured using a questionnaire adapted from the World Health Organization. We modeled a network of depressive symptoms and a network examining connections between depressive symptoms and substance use. Results: The most commonly reported depressive symptoms were sleep problems and poor appetite. In the depression network, feeling like a failure and sad mood were the most central symptoms, and somatic symptoms clustered together. To our surprise, depressive symptoms were only weakly associated with substance use. Limitations: Our study uses cross-sectional data, which are not sufficient to draw causal inferences about the relationships between symptoms. Additionally, we used an exploratory data-driven approach, and we did not pose a priori hypotheses about the relationships between symptoms. Discussion: Our findings suggest that feelings like a failure and sad mood are highly central symptoms in Indian adolescents; future research may examine if these symptoms are strong targets for intervention. Sad mood has commonly been identified as a central symptom of depression in western samples, while feeling like a failure has not. We offer avenues for future research, illustrating how network analysis may enhance our ability to understand, prevent, and treat psychopathology in LMICs.
How the “Wisdom of the Inner Crowd” Can Boost Accuracy of Confidence Judgments
Authors: Litvinova Aleksandra , Herzog Stefan Michael , Kall Alice Alexandra , Pleskac Timothy Joseph , Hertwig Ralph
Published: April 2019

The wisdom-of-crowds effect describes how aggregating judgments of multiple individuals can lead to a more accurate judgment than that of the typical—or even best—individual. However, what if there are no other individuals’ judgments at one’s disposal? We investigated when an individual can avail theirself of the wisdom of their “inner crowd” to improve the quality of their confidence judgments by either (a) averaging their two confidence judgments or (b) selecting the higher of the two (i.e., maximizing) in two-alternative choice tasks. In a simulation analysis based on a signal detection model of confidence, we investigated how the “kindness” versus “wickedness” of items (i.e., the degree to which the majority of people chooses the correct or wrong answer) affect the performance of averaging and maximizing. Analytical and simulation results show that irrespective of the type of item, averaging consistently improves confidence judgments, but maximizing is risky: It outperformed averaging only once items were answered correctly 50–60% of the time or more—a result, which has not been established in prior work. We investigated the relevance of these effects in three empirical datasets since a person’s actual confidence judgments are redundant (median correlations ranged between .50 and .85). Averaging two confidence judgments from the same person was superior to maximizing, with Cohen’s d’s effect sizes ranging from 0.67–1.44. As people typically have no insight about the wickedness of the individual item, our results suggest that averaging—due to its robustness—should be the default strategy to harness one’s conflicting confidence judgments.
Self-Control and Affect Regulation Styles Predict Anxiety Longitudinally in University Students
Authors: Powers John , Moshontz Hannah , Hoyle Rick H.
Published: April 2019

The performance and well-being of university students is influenced by many factors, including self-control and affect regulation, but little is known about how these factors relate. We therefore analyzed data from a multi-site research project that assessed trait self-control, affect regulation, and anxiety in a longitudinal cohort design (N = 1314) using structural equation modeling. We specifically tested hypotheses that trait self-control, assessed upon entering school, would predict anxiety outcomes during students’ third year, and this relationship would be mediated by affect regulation styles (adaptive or maladaptive). We found that greater self-control did predict lower third-year anxiety, even after accounting for anxiety levels upon entering school. Furthermore, this relationship was partially mediated by maladaptive affect regulation, where students with greater self-control endorsed less use of maladaptive coping strategies (e.g., denial, self-blame), which in turn predicted less subsequent anxiety. In contrast, adaptive coping strategies did not mediate the relationship between trait self-control and anxiety. These findings highlight trait self-control as an important predictor of anxiety, and they identify maladaptive affect regulation as a target for interventions to promote student well-being and success.
Douleur thoracique aux urgences : utilisation adéquate des scores diagnostiques
Authors: Warnant A. , Moumneh T. , Roy P.-M. , Penaloza A.
Published: April 2019

La douleur thoracique est un motif très fréquent de consultation aux urgences. Le diagnostic différentiel est large et regroupe diverses étiologies parmi lesquelles les syndromes coronariens aigus (SCA) qui sont à l’avantplan. L’exclusion d’un SCA demeure une priorité absolue pour l’urgentiste au vu de la morbidité et de la mortalité qui lui sont associées. Afin d’aider le praticien dans sa démarche diagnostique, plusieurs algorithmes ont été élaborés pour exclure et diagnostiquer efficacement un SCA. Ceux-ci intègrent des données cliniques, électrocardiographiques et le dosage de la troponine. Leur utilisation est relativement simple et a été validée dans plusieurs essais cliniques. Ils permettent d’écarter le diagnostic de SCA chez une proportion significative de patients, avec une marge d’erreur très faible. Le score HEART se montre supérieur aux autres scores existants, et son application en salle d’urgences permet d’orienter de manière adéquate la démarche diagnostique, afin de réduire les investigations complémentaires et d’accélérer la prise en charge. Afin d’exclure un SCA sans recourir au dosage de la troponine, la règle CARE a été proposée récemment avec des résultats prometteurs. Issue directement du score HEART, elle permet d’écarter très rapidement le diagnostic de SCA puisqu’elle se passe de dosage biologique tout en gardant un profil de sécurité semblable.
L’évaluation des psychothérapies dans le champ de l’oncologie
Authors: Abelhauser A. , Gaspard J.-L.
Published: April 2019

L’évaluation des psychothérapies est autant un enjeu de la psychologie et de la psychiatrie qu’un « symptôme social ». Dans le champ de l’oncologie, cette évaluation a-t-elle beaucoup de sens ? Du moment qu’une thérapie permet au sujet, confronté tant au savoir qu’au réel de la maladie, de tenir une parole qui maintienne vive sa condition subjective, elle ne peut qu’être reconnue comme « gagnante », selon le jugement du dodo de Lewis Carroll. À cela près qu’elle gagne aussi à être « éclairée ».
La chair souffre, pourtant le coeur palpite… Une posture existentielle et/ou spirituelle en thérapie
Authors: Dudoit E.
Published: April 2019

Ma clinique est assurément empreinte de ruptures, de pistes non encore dévoilées, de pensées obscures et de logique tronquée. Mais comme le dit C. G. Jung à propos de la synchronicité, « l’ensemble des coïncidences admissibles et acausales est extrêmement large face à la probabilité de chaque coïncidence ». La seule clinique pourtant qui vaille la peine, peut-être de tant de mots et de paroles, est celle dont la mystique a toujours témoigné en tout temps et en toute culture. Il y a là quelque chose, comme une petite étincelle dans l’âme de l’homme, et ce quelque chose est l’ouverture, l’espoir de l’homme en son devenir. Cette psychologie humaniste et existentielle tient son assise dans l’espérance, non du sens de nos vies pour un quelconque plan téléologique fut-il culturel ou génétique, voire spirituel, mais dans le fait, dans l’expérience d’une référence intrinsèque humaine qui échappe aux conditions du temps et de l’espace.
β-bloquants dans la prise en charge du choc septique
Authors: Durand M. , Louis H. , Fritz C. , Levy B. , Kimmoun A.
Published: April 2019

Les adrénorécepteurs α et en particulier β sont les principales cibles de l’adrénaline et de la noradrénaline libérées par le système sympathique activé. Durant le choc septique, la dysautonomie est une stimulation prolongée à un haut niveau d’intensité du système nerveux sympathique à l’origine d’une altération de la contractilité, de la vasoréactivité et d’une immunodépression. Ainsi, l’administration précoce d’un traitement β-bloquant lors du choc septique pourrait pondérer les effets délétères de cette surstimulation sympathique. Néanmoins, si les preuves expérimentales sont en faveur de cette approche, l’accumulation des preuves cliniques reste encore insuffisante.
Introduction
Authors: Deacon Valerie
Published: April 2019

Arguing that the resistance in France during the Second World War
was always transnational in important ways, this piece identifies some of the
recent scholarship that has expanded both the temporal and geographic
parameters of the French Resistance. It introduces some of the key themes of
this collection of articles and underscores the important contributions made
by the participating authors. As these articles reveal, we can find sites of
transnational resistance by looking at the relationship between the Allies
and the resistance, the role that non-French denizens played in the resistance,
the politics of cultural resistance, and the circulation of downed
Anglo-American aircrews in Europe.
The Miserable, Mythical, Magical Marmiton
Authors: Garval Michael D.
Published: April 2019

Revealing paradoxes abounded in early Third Republic French representations
of the marmiton, or culinary apprentice. Investigative reportage and reformist discourse exposed
apprentices’ miserable existence while still depicting these young fellows as playful
and carefree. Conversely, popular marmiton mythology, particularly in children’s literature,
idealized culinary apprenticeship, amid glimpses of harsh living and working conditions,
while also highlighting admittedly rare opportunities for ambitious apprentices to achieve
substantial public success. Max Jacob’s children’s book Histoire du Roi Kaboul Ier et du
Marmiton Gauwain provides an emblematic example with its parodic fairy-tale rendering
of celebrity chef Auguste Escoffier’s extraordinary triumphs. Ultimately, while enchanting,
the rosy popular vision of the magical marmiton obfuscated exploitative child labor practices
underpinning the whole culinary enterprise in this supposed golden age of French
gastronomy.
'Seeing’ Papua New Guinea
Authors: Dalsgaard Steffen
Published: April 2019

This article contributes to debates about how capitalist corporations
‘see’, and how they concurrently relate to the places where they
are located. It argues that an analytical focus on ‘seeing’ illuminates how
internal organization and outward relation making are tied together in
complex ways. Even so, corporations of the extractive industries in particular
cannot be assumed to encompass a single coherent view. The empirical
case is a critical examination of how a gas project employed strict
health, safety, and security measures to generate order when encountering
alterity in an unfamiliar environment in Papua New Guinea. It reveals
how the project was organized around two conflicting ways of seeing its
host country—trying to separate itself from it while simultaneously having
to engage and provide benefits for it.
Editorial
Authors: Bergen-Aurand Brian
Published: April 2019

This issue of Screen Bodies features a Screen Shots section focusing on screening
disability, including essays on new disability documentaries, vacillation and the
dis/abled male body—especially as it plays out in Fred Zimmerman’s 1950 film
The Men—and questions of masquerade and representations of Richard III on
stage and screen. It also includes general essays on “undoing” gender through
complicity and subversion, the rise in the importance of the haptic in Japanese
society, culture, and filmmaking in the 1920s, and an investigation of uncertainty
and the “generosity paradox” with regard to gender, sexuality, and
ability in cyborg cinema.
The Generosity Paradox
Authors: Walker Paul
Published: April 2019

This article explores interactions with difference, highlighting what
I call the “generosity paradox,” a term that refers to how we suspend disbelief
and certainty in favor of a constructed potentiality not limited by preexistent
knowledge or categories of authenticity and legitimacy. Touching on overlapping
concepts from rhetoric, philosophy, gender studies, disability studies,
and queer theory, the discussion explicates fictional encounters with radical
alterity in the film Her (Spike Jonze, 2013) to show that attempted respite
from frustrating, confusing, and frightening interactions limits our voice,
undermines difference, and favors a unifying persuasive intent, which more
likely than not involves an attempt to change Others rather than allowing our
mutual differences to generatively remain.
Laterality and reader process: correlational study
Authors: Ramírez Coronel Andrés Alexis
Published: April 2019

Introduction Reading is fundamental in the teaching - learning process in the school context. The general Objective was to study the relationship between laterality and the reading process. These problems are shown in all curriculum subjects preventing development. Materials and methods to carry out this research, a group of 30 elementary school students from the Miguel de Cervantes school was evaluated through the laterality test and the reading process test. Results The statistical correlation analysis shows that there is no significant relationship between laterality with the reading process. Discussion a program of neuropsychological intervention and develop the processes involved in the variables evaluated. Conclusions Today, with the significant advance of neuropsychology, we have been able to study and investigate the possible causes of reading problems such as laterality.
Analysis of the crab waste spraying process
Authors: Hurtado Paspuel Jimmy , Ovalle Correa Bernardo Hubert
Published: April 2019

Introduction  The companies dedicated to the spray of carbonate of calcium could realize in his substitute processes from the carapace spray of crab, generally in the process of milling, can identify several factors that contribute to the breach of the programmed work that are related with deficit in Supply volumes and unexpected failures in the operational phase of the micro spray of the crab carapace, which is why it is necessary to evaluate the impact that these factors can have and the causes that are causing deficiencies in the levels of programmed production. Objective. The present work focuses the analysis, diagnosis and proposals of solution of the problems that affects the "productivity" a spray line of the carapace of the crab. Materials and methods. The historical information regarding failures and deliveries of internal customer orders is reviewed. The analysis of the process is carried out identifying influential critical aspects in its poor performance. The cost of the losses associated with non-compliance is evaluated and investment plans for the implementation of the strategies related to supply policies and inventories of finished products and the systematization of remedial actions derived from the risk indicators of failures in the main subsystems are prepared. Results The financial analysis in this case allowed to determine an IRR of 20% and a positive NPV suggesting the feasibility of the proposals. Conclusions As a relevant finding, the cost of production per ton of crab powder was lower than the powder of the conventional product (calcium carbonate or limestone). Discussion both can be used as raw material in products used in the construction sector.
Genetic Algorithm for Web-Based Food Stand Assignment Scheduling
Authors: Oktaviani Sintya , Putri Farica Perdana , Gunawan Dennis
Published: April 2019

Scheduling is a hard problem due to much considerations in many goals.  Combination of goals in this scheduling cause the problem hard to solve even when using mathematical techniques. Optimization is a method which aim to achieve the best result with the least cost as possible. Optimization for large scale problem usually done with more modern technic, such as metaheuristic. Genetic Algorithm belongs to a larger system called Evolutionary Algorithm which is often used for solving the best value in optimization problem. Hence, this food stand assignment scheduling is build using Genetic Algorithm with population size of 50, uniform crossover with crossover rate of 0.25, mutation rate of 0.0125, and roulette wheel selection. An interview was conducted with three coordinators of fund and consumtion that results in three constraints used in building this system. Testing is done for three events and achieve mean fitness that is 87.967%, 89.609%, and 85.001% for FesTIval, TechnoFest, and DISCO, respectively.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Elhefni Elhefni , Wahyudi Apri
Published: April 2019

Multicultural education needs to be nurtured both in formal and non-formal education because of Indonesia's cultural potential, tradition, and geographical environment, and demographics is remarkable. Education has a major role to play in promoting multicultural understanding. The cultivation of such understanding should be carried out as early as possible, so that it will continue to be constructed in the cognition of the child's sense of ownership and pride of the nation's culture until he grows up so that a democratic and egalitarian attitude will emerge to accept cultural diversity. To achieve that, the strategy of multicultural education development is needed. Multicultural education development strategies that can be undertaken, ie curriculum development, professional quality improvement of educational staff, development of education management systems, development of higher education system, equality of community perception, inculcation of recognition and appreciation of diversity (culture or culture, ethnicity, race, Religion, worldview and so on), avoiding views that assume that one group is superior to the other, and fosters and accustoms to a dialogical attitude.