bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД РОЗСЛІДУВАННЯ КРИМІНАЛЬНИХ ПРАВОПОРУШЕНЬ У ФОРМІ ДІЗНАННЯ
Authors: Баранець В. А.
Published: April 2023

Актуальність статті полягає в тому, що дізнання є формою досудового розслідування, яка передбачена правовим системам країн як романо-германської, так і англосаксонської правової сім’ї. Втім, розслідування кримінальних правопорушень у формі дізнання має суттєві відмінності в різних країнах та може поєднувати в собі як елементи кримінальної процесуальної діяльності, так і оперативно-розшукової чи і адміністративної. Дізнання як кримінальна процесуальна діяльність також має різні форми. Адже дізнання може бути як початковим етапом досудового розслідування, так і самостійною диференційованою формою спрощеного кримінального провадження. У статті здійснено порівняльний аналіз процесуальної форми досудового розслідування кримінальних правопорушень у формі дізнання у Франції, Німеччині, США та Україні. Встановлено, що дізнання в зарубіжних країнах є основною формою розслідування, яке поєднує в собі як елементи кримінальної процесуальної, так і оперативно-розшукової діяльності. Визначено, що відповідно до кримінального процесуального законодавства Франції дізнання є як початковим етапом попереднього слідства, так і спрощеною формою досудового провадження очевидних кримінально-карних діянь. При спрощеній формі офіцер судової поліції має право проводити всі слідчі дії, кожна з яких оформляється протоколом, що має доказове значення. Дізнання в Україні є спрощеною формою досудового розслідування окремих категорій кримінальних правопорушень (проступків), а не окремим початковим етапом досудового розслідування. Відповідно до кримінального процесуального законодавства Німеччини дізнання є єдиною формою досудового розслідування. Дізнання здійснює прокурор або поліція під керівництвом прокурора. Судовий слідчий в такому розслідуванні приймає бере участь лише при прийнятті найважливіших рішень чи вирішенні питання щодо легалізації доказів. Зауважується, що законодавству США відома диференційована форма кримінального провадження залежно від тяжкості вчиненого діяння. За ступенем суспільної небезпеки кримінально-карані діяння поділяють на такі види: державна зрада, фелонія, місдемінор (проступок). Обґрунтовано, що для країн як романо-германської, так і англо-саксонської системи права притаманна тенденція до диференціації кримінальної процесуальної форми та запровадження прискорених (спрощених) досудових проваджень.
Is the Spanish Army’s Experimental Brigade 2035 a Result of Civil-military Relations? A Historical Overview (1923–2021)
Authors:   University of Granada, López-Rodríguez Guillermo
Published: April 2023

This article analyses the evolution of civil-military relations in Spain from 1923 to 2021. The research defines the role of the military organisation during two authoritarian regimes in the 20th century along with the country’s democratic transition. After a historical overview, the military change process known as Experimental Brigade 2035 is selected as a case study to determine whether its origin is civilian or military in nature. The results of the research evidence the civilian infl uence in budgetary issues and limits in performance. At the same time, the military has a certain autonomy to implement modernisation plans in the framework of assigned competences
War and Food (In)security – A Lesson from the Russian-Ukrainian Confl ict
Authors:   University of Salerno, Iacovino Angela , Andreotti Alessandro , Rago Sara
Published: April 2023

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has implemented legitimate fears of a global crisis and further and inevitably aggravating existing food-security challenges. The international community is being called upon to take targeted action to address the rapidly-evolving, resultant scenarios, making it essential to go beyond immediate interim measures and to re-examine the agricultural and energy policies that underpin our global economy. This article, without any claim to exhaustiveness, examines the inevitable link between war and the dynamics related to food security. In the first instance, a theoretical-interpretative key of the logics of violent conflicts that generate a relevant impact on global food supplies and food (in)security is provided, within the broader framework of the dynamics related to the instability of international relations which hinder the supply of energy resources and determine the volatility of general price levels. In the concluding section, there is reflection crossed reference to the ongoing Russia/Ukraine conflict as well as the devastating consequences on global food systems, already put under stress by the COVID-19 pandemic.
EU Involvement in the Financing of the Blue Economy
Authors:   Warsaw School of Economics, Proczek Magdalena , Garbarczyk Marta
Published: April 2023

he prospect of implementing the concept of the Blue Economy is currently still at a relatively early stage of achieving its full potential. The purpose of this paper is to present the idea of the ocean economy and selected aspects of its financing, including initiatives undertaken in this area by the European Union. Part I characterises the Blue Economy, part II discusses selected aspects of financing a sustainable ocean economy, and part III analyses the institutional approach, particularly within the EU, to the financing process of this type of economy. The descriptive method was used to conduct this study, and the available literature on and legal acts related to the subject of the article has been analysed. The undertakings made so far, especially by the EU, are impressive and, moreover, are driving global activity towards the sustainable financing of the Blue Economy. It is becoming a fundamental priority to realise the governments’ and international organisations’ aspirations to make economies independent from excessive carbon emissions, to counteract water degradation, overfishing, and shrinking drinking water resources. In the long term, it is important to develop coherence between the actions of national entities and the sources and methods of international funding. This is in order to develop a mutual, global good of innovative fi nancing of coastal projects for sustainable development.
Aineenopettajan uudistuva työ inklusiivisessa yläkoulussa – itseorganisoitumisen näkökulma
Authors: Alajoki Jaana , Mäkinen Marita
Published: April 2023

Tämä tutkimus tuo esille vähemmän tutkitun näkökulman inkluusiosta kouluyhteisön ja opettajien ammatillisen uudistumisen itseorganisoituvana prosessina. Tutkimus selvittää, miten aineenopettajat kuvaavat inkluusiota yläkoulussa (perusopetuksen vuosiluokilla 7.–9.) ja millaista opettajan työn muutosta sekä ammatillista uudistumista se heiltä edellyttää. Tutkimus toteutettiin kouluetnografiana suuren suomalaisen kaupungin kahdessa noin 400 oppilaan yläkoulussa, ja siihen osallistui 38 aineenopettajaa. Aineisto koostui opettajahaastatteluista ja etnografisista kenttämuistiinpanoista, ja se analysoitiin aineisto- ja teorialähtöisesti soveltaen itseorganisoitumisen viitekehystä. Tulokseksi kiteytyi kolme itseorganisoitumisen ulottuvuutta inkluusiota tavoiteltaessa: 1) hämmennys ja epävarmuus, 2) hyvien käytäntöjen jakaminen ja 3) inkluusio valintana yhdessä uusien käytäntöjen kanssa. Tulosten perusteella inklusiivinen koulu edellyttää kouluyhteisöjen sitoutumista vuorovaikutteisiin itseorganisoitumisen prosesseihin, jotka puolestaan tukevat aineenopettajan työnkuvan uudistumista. Muutoksia tarvitaan myös säädöstasoisiin opettajan kelpoisuusehtoihin ja opettajan pedagogisten opintojen sisältöihin.
Perfil clínico e epidemiológico do câncer de pâncreas no Paraná no período de 2010 a 2018
Authors: Morais Vinícius de , Pescador Marise Vilas Boas , Broch Luísa Rossetto , Mantovani Dânia , Yurk Thaylise Caroline , Takemura Andressa de Melo
Published: April 2023

O câncer de pâncreas representa a 5° neoplasia que mais mata mulheres e a 7° com maior mortalidade dentre os homens no Brasil. Apesar de estar em 10° lugar no ranking de incidência de cânceres no país, a sua alta morbimortalidade e taxas crescentes projetam-no como uma causa que será líder de óbitos até 2050. A ausência de sintomas específicos, de estratégias eficazes de rastreamento e de tratamentos competentes tornam o câncer pancreático um desafio para a saúde pública. Os fatores de risco podem incluir idade avançada, obesidade, etilismo, diabetes e síndromes de predisposição genética, mas os estudos referentes a esses ainda são insuficientes para caracterização desse perfil. Os objetivos deste estudo foram caracterizar o perfil clínico dos pacientes com câncer pancreático, auxiliando o delineamento de fatores de risco para neoplasia. Os dados foram obtidos a partir da plataforma de registro hospitalar de câncer do INCA, selecionando os pacientes com câncer de pâncreas cadastrados entre 2010 e 2018 atendidos no Paraná, analisando as características: sexo, etnia, nível educacional, faixa etária, consumo de tabaco e de álcool, sublocalização anatomopatológica. As características não modificáveis mais prevalentes foram cor branca, ensino fundamental incompleto, sexo masculino, faixa etária 60-64 anos; as variáveis modificáveis, nunca tabagistas e nunca etilistas; a cabeça do órgão foi a região mais acometida. Destacou-se ainda uma alta taxa de casos sem informação acerca das características no registro hospitalar. A partir da caracterização dos pacientes poder-se-á auxiliar o direcionamento de estratégias para identificação, suporte e tratamento do câncer de pâncreas.
Normal pregnancy. Leafing through the clinical guidelines
Authors:   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers under Health Ministry of Khabarovsk Krai, Chizhova G.V. , Vitko N.Yu. ,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers under Health Ministry of Khabarovsk Krai, Kanaeva N.V. ,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers under Health Ministry of Khabarovsk Krai
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the course and management of pregnancy in accordance with clinical guidelines and is aimed at preventing the development of complications during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period
The third multicenter observation study in the Khabarovsk Krai «Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in the regions of the Russian Federation» (ESSE-RF3). Сharacteristics and structure of the study
Authors:   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers under Health Ministry of Khabarovsk Krai, Petrichko T.A. , Korablev V.N. ,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers under Health Ministry of Khabarovsk Krai
Published: April 2023

In the Khabarovsk Krai, as in the Russian Federation, there is a high mortality rate caused by the diseases of the circulatory system. The results of completed epidemiological studies have shown that the risk of development is closely related to the level of distribution of their risk factors among the population. Currently, there are no reliable data that could fully assess the contribution of both traditional and “new” factors to cardiovascular mortality rates from the standpoint of geographical location, national traditions and everyday life of various regions of the country, including the Khabarovsk Krai. At present, at the initiative of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, in 30 regions (60 thousand participants) the study “Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in various regions of the Russian Federation” (ESSE-RF3) is being implemented in order to obtain objective information on the prevalence of major cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors among the population of the regions. Khabarovsk Krai is included in the study. The results of the study will determine the regional features of the risk profile for the subsequent development of evidence-based regional programs for the prevention of chronic non-infectious diseases. This publication presents the ESSE-RF Study Protocol3.
Availability of drug care to the population: overview of the retail pharmaceutical market of the Khabarovsk Krai in 2022
Authors:   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers under Health Ministry of Khabarovsk Krai, Abrosimova N. V. , Kryukova I. V. ,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers under Health Ministry of Khabarovsk Krai
Published: April 2023

The article provides an overview of the structure, form of ownership and location of pharmacy organizations in the Khabarovsk Krai. The commercial sector of the pharmaceutical market is concentrated in the cities of the Khabarovsk Krai and most pharmacy organizations are represented in the form of regional and interregional pharmacy chains. The reality of the retail market is the entry into the pharmacy market of the region of online trading platforms for the remote sale of over-the-counter drugs and pharmacy products. The sector of state pharmacies has been reduced due to low profitability, but it performs socially important functions of drug care, including those in rural areas of the Khabarovsk Krai.
Ovarian dyserminom in children: a clinical case study
Authors:   G. S. Postol Perinatal Center of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai,, Stupak M.V. , Achighechevа A.A. ,   G. S. Postol Perinatal Center of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai, Gubchenko M.A. ,   G. S. Postol Perinatal Center of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai, Khabarovsk, Russia, Lomakа M.A. ,   G. S. Postol Perinatal Center of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai, Khabarovsk, Russia
Published: April 2023

Early verification of the diagnosis and timely complex treatment are one of the important prognostic factors of the underlying survival of patients with the ovarian dyserminoma. The article presents a clinical case of diagnosis and treatment of ovarian dysermi- noma in a girl, as well as literature data reflecting aspects of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical course, methods of diagnosis and treatment of ovarian dyserminoma in femail patients of children's age.
The first ever in the Russian Far East: the regional clinical hospital No. 1 – establishment, development and prospects
Authors:   S. I. Sergeev Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai, Khabarovsk, Russia, Subbotin A.M. , Molchanova O.V. ,   S. I. Sergeev Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the history of the development of the Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after Professor S. I. Ser- geyev. The authors distinguish three stages: the end of the 19th century, the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. At each stage, the main events and achievements are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to the personality of Professor S.I. Sergeev, who has contributed to the development of the hospital and has helped a lot to the transformation of the hospital into high level medical institution in the Russian Far East.
Felaket ve Travmayı Görüntülemek: Prof. Dr. Simber Rana Atay ile Söyleşi
Authors: AYDIN İrem
Published: April 2023

Felaket ve Travmayı Görüntülemek: Prof. Dr. Simber Rana Atay ile Söyleşi
Ship-strike forecast and mitigation for whales in Gitga’at First Nation territory
Authors: Keen EM , O’Mahony É , Nichol LM , Wright BM , Shine C , Hendricks B , Meuter H , Alidina HM , Wray J
Published: April 2023

As marine traffic increases globally, ship strikes have emerged as a primary threat to many baleen whale populations. Here we predict ship-strike rates for fin whalesBalaenoptera physalusand humpback whalesMegaptera novaeangliaein the central territorial waters of the Gitga’at First Nation (British Columbia, Canada), which face increases in existing marine traffic as well as new liquified natural gas (LNG) shipping in the next decade. To do so, we utilized Automatic Identification System (AIS) databases, line-transect surveys, shore-based monitoring, whale-borne tags, aerial drone-based focal follows, and iterative simulations. We predict that by 2030, whale encounters will triple for most vessel types, but the change is most extreme for large ships (length >180 m) in prime whale habitat, in which co-occurrences will increase 30-fold. Ship-strike mortalities are projected to increase in the next decade by 2.3× for fin whales and 3.9× for humpback whales, to 2 and 18 deaths yr-1, respectively. These unsustainable losses will likely deplete both species in the coastal region of BC. Models indicate that the largest single source of mortality risk in 2030 will be from the LNG Canada project. Of the mitigation options we evaluated, a 10 knot speed ceiling for all large ships is potentially effective, but the best measure for guaranteed mitigation would be seasonal restrictions on LNG traffic. While certain data gaps remain, particularly with respect to humpback whales, our predictions indicate that shipping trends within Gitga’at waters will impact whale populations at regional levels. We provide our analysis in the R package ‘shipstrike’.
Drivers of innovation and development of top performing agribusinesses in China
Authors: Zhu Kunyan
Published: April 2023

The paper identifies and prioritizes the drivers of innovation and development of agribusinesses in China. By applying systemic and logical approaches, as well as the decomposition analysis method, the authors classified innovation drivers in the agribusiness sector and projects implementing various digital tools in agriculture. Statistical and other calculations were used to estimate innovation growth rates. The research findings can be applied by: central and local governments to develop programs for recombining innovation opportunities, as well as training programs for farmers.
Pendidikan Kewirausahaan dan Intensi Kewirausahaan dengan Sikap Kewirausahaan sebagai Mediasi
Authors: Kusmintarti Anik , Riwajanti Nur Indah , Asdani Andi
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to analyze the entrepreneurial attitude as a mediator of the effects of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intention. The population was final semester students who studied entrepreneurial education and the sampling technique used is judgment sampling. The primary data was collected through questionnaires distribution and analyzed using path analysis. The results show that the effect of entrepreneurial education toward the entrepreneurial intention is not significant; the influence of entrepreneurial attitude toward the entrepreneurial intention is significant; and the students who studied entrepreneurship education tend to have intentions to establish a new business if entrepreneurial education can form positive mindset towards entrepreneurship.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran sikap kewirausahaan sebagai variabel mediasi untuk pengaruh pendidikan kewirausahaan terhadap intensi kewirausahaan. Populasi penelitian adalah mahasiswa semester akhir yang telah mendapat pendidikan kewirausahaan dan teknik sampling menggunakan judgment sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh pendidikan kewirausahaan terhadap intensi kewirausahaan positif tetapi tidak signifikan; Pengaruh sikap kewirausahaan terhadap intensi kewirausahaan positif dan signifikan; dan mahasiswa yang mengikuti pendidikan kewirausahaan cenderung berniat mendirikan usaha baru dimasa mendatang, apabila pendidikan kewirausahaan dapat membentuk pola pikir positif mahasiswa terhadap kewirausahaan.
Refleksi Perataan Laba terhadap Respon Pasar
Authors: Paramita Ratna Wijayanti Daniar
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence, examine and explain the effect of companies that implement income smoothing towards the market response, with voluntary disclosure as moderating variables. This study uses the secondary data of 143 manufacturing companies that go public in BEI (Indonesian Stock Exchange) during 2011-2015. This research variables include income smoothing as an independent variable, the market response is proxies by Earnings Response Coefficient (ERC) as the dependent variable and voluntary disclosure is moderating variable. The data analysis methods is regression with single moderating variable. The study finds that income smoothing affects the market response both individually and partially. The results also reveal that earnings information delivered on the date of the announcement was responded positively by investors. However, the presentation of the full report in the form of voluntary disclosure actually reduces the market response to earnings at the date of announcement.
Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh bukti empirik, menguji dan menjelaskan pengaruh perusahaan yang melakukan income smoothing terhadap respon pasar dengan voluntary disclosure sebagai variabel pemoderasi pada perusahaan manufaktur yang go public di BEI tahun 2011-2015 sebanyak 143 perusahaan. Variable penelitian ini income smoothing sebagai variabel bebas, respon pasar diproksikan dengan Earnings Response Coefficient (ERC) sebagai variabel terikat dan voluntary disclosure adalah variabel moderasi. Metode analisis data menggunakan regresi dengan variabel moderasi tunggal. Income smoothing secara individu dan parsial berpengaruh terhadap respon pasar. Laba yang disampaikan pada tanggal pengumuman direspon positif oleh investor. Namun demikian penyajian laporan secara lengkap dalam bentuk voluntary disclosure justru mengurangi respon pasar terhadap laba pada tanggal pengumuman.
Three-unit tractor-trailers in Ukraine in aspect of program EU «EUROCOMBI»
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Krainyk Lybomyr , Dun Sergij ,   “AutoKrAZ” Company, Badejnov О. М. ,   Lviv Research Institute of Judicial Examinations, Zinko Roman ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: April 2023

Efficiency is considered, features of constructions and dynamics of motion of three-unit lorry convoys long 25.25м, that already used in a number of countries of ЄС on internal transportations and is actual for Ukraine, first of all in an agrarian sector and herd trade. In the program «Euro Combi» a «hook-loop» and biaxial trailers do not absolutely appear coupling devices as with the turning, guided axis, that yet until now present person in Ukraine from times of the USSR. The last are characterized by worst firmness of motion, moreover in composition a three-unit lorry convoy, in comparing to the modern construction of trailers with the fixed connivent axes and practically in the program « Euro Combi і» not examined. It is lifted question and corresponding updating of national normative base, that would allow to bring down the prime price of transportations and work-load of motorways. Keywords: lorry convoy, layout charts, firmness, dirigibility, dynamics of coupling devices, efficiency.
Development of methods for operating costs calculating for buses and trolleybuses equipped with different types of power plants
Authors:   National Transport University, Andrusenko Serhii , Budnychenko Valerii , Podpisnov Vladyslav ,   National Transport University
Published: April 2023

This article proposes a methodology for calculating the unit operating costs of buses and trolleybuses with different types of power plants and presents the results of comparison between operation costs of buses with internal combustion engines, electric buses, conventional trolleybuses and ones equipped with autonomous driving. The object of the study are operating costs for buses and trolleybuses with different types of power units on the route with partial catenary absence for urban passenger transportation in normal modes of running. The objective of the study is to develop a methodology for comparative analysis of operating costs for buses and trolley buses with different types of power units and determine the feasibility and effectiveness of using different types of vehicles on the routes with partial autonomous driving. Research methods: mathematical modeling of operating costs formation for buses and trolleybuses with different types of power plants when used on the routes with partial catenary absence where it is necessary to use autonomous running. The structure of operating costs for urban passenger transportation is analyzed, revealing those that have the greatest impact on operating costs. The initial data base for the calculations is formed. A program for calculating unit operating costs per 1 km in Microsoft Excel for the route with partial autonomous driving was developed. The calculations show that using of trolleybuses with autonomous driving is more expensive than buses using at the same cost. We can achieve positive effect with a certain portion of autonomous driving, if the cost of autonomous trolleybuses are reduced compared to new vehicles cost, for example, due to rolling stock production by the enterprise. Keywords: comparison, operating costs, bus, trolleybus, autonomous driving, power plant, catenary, diesel generator, battery.
Reduction of thermal stress concentration in bitumen material with modified rubber crumbs
Authors:   National Transport University, Shlyun Nataliia
Published: April 2023

The problem of recycling worn-out rubber tires is very relevant in modern ecology, since their material is intended for single use. At the same time, widely practiced their open storage in landfills or underground burial is accompanied by air, wastewater and soil pollution with harmful and toxic fractions. One of the most promising areas for the recycling of automobile tires is associated with the use of rubber pulverization as additives in asphalt concrete pavement material. However, the first attempts to fill bitumen with rubber additives showed that under conditions of changing ambient temperature, along with the positive effects associated with improving the mechanical properties of bituminous mixtures, their negative properties can also appear, leading to rapid aging and destruction of the coating due to chipping of rubber grains. These effects are due to the specific properties of rubber, which consist in its deformability under shear or two-dimensional loading and practical incompressibility under all-round compression. It was found that these shortcomings can be eliminated by modifying crumb rubber before introducing it into bitumen and in the bitumen itself due to special chemical treatment. At the same time, some averaged thermomechanical properties are established in the modified rubber between the properties of rubber and bitumen. The depth of penetration of these properties into rubber crumb depends on its size and the percentage ratio between the components of the bitumen-rubber mixture. In this work, the theoretical modeling of the thermally stressed state of an asphalt concrete material with rubber inclusions coated with an intermediate modified layer was performed using thermoelasticity methods. On the basis of the spherical inclusion model widely used in computational practice without a surface layer and with a layer of different thickness, it was found that with an increase in the depth of penetration of the modification into crumb rubber, the levels of thermal stress concentration in bitumen and their gradients decrease. Keywords: asphalt concrete pavement, bituminous material, rubber filler, bituminous modification, thermal stress reduction.
Impact of interorganelle coordination between the conventional early secretory pathway and autophagy in cellular homeostasis and stress response
Authors: Tapia Diego , Cavieres Viviana A. , Burgos Patricia V. , Cancino Jorge
Published: April 2023

The conventional early secretory pathway and autophagy are two essential interconnected cellular processes that are crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The conventional secretory pathway is an anabolic cellular process synthesizing and delivering proteins to distinct locations, including different organelles, the plasma membrane, and the extracellular media. On the other hand, autophagy is a catabolic cellular process that engulfs damaged organelles and aberrant cytosolic constituents into the double autophagosome membrane. After fusion with the lysosome and autolysosome formation, this process triggers digestion and recycling. A growing list of evidence indicates that these anabolic and catabolic processes are mutually regulated. While knowledge about the molecular actors involved in the coordination and functional cooperation between these two processes has increased over time, the mechanisms are still poorly understood. This review article summarized and discussed the most relevant evidence about the key molecular players implicated in the interorganelle crosstalk between the early secretory pathway and autophagy under normal and stressful conditions.
In vivo characterization of sAC null sperm
Authors: Ritagliati Carla , Ayoub Sylvia , Balbach Melanie , Buck Jochen , Levin Lonny R.
Published: April 2023

Targeted disruption of the soluble adenylyl cyclase (ADCY10; sAC) gene results in male-specific sterility without affecting spermatogenesis, mating behavior, or spermatozoa morphology and count; however, it dramatically impairs sperm motility and prevents capacitation. These phenotypes were identified in sperm from sAC null mice surgically extracted from the epididymis and studied in vitro. Epididymal sperm are dormant, and never exposed to physiological activators in semen or the female reproductive tract. To study sAC null sperm under conditions which more closely resemble natural fertilization, we explored phenotypes of ejaculated sAC null sperm in vivo post-coitally as well as ex vivo, collected from the female reproductive tract. Ex vivo ejaculated sAC null sperm behaved similarly to epididymal sAC null sperm, except with respect to the physiologically induced acrosome reaction. These studies suggest there is a sAC-independent regulation of acrosome responsiveness induced upon ejaculation or exposure to factors in the female reproductive tract. We also studied the behavior of sAC null sperm in vivo post-coitally by taking advantage of transgenes with fluorescently labelled sperm. Transgenes expressing GFP in the acrosome and DsRed2 in the mitochondria located in the midpiece of sperm (DsRed2/Acr3-EGFP) allow visualization of sperm migration through the female reproductive tract after copulation. As previously reported, sperm from wild type (WT) double transgenic mice migrated from the uterus through the uterotubular junction (UTJ) into the oviduct within an hour post-copulation. In contrast, sperm from sAC null double transgenic mice were only found in the uterus. There were no sAC null sperm in the oviduct, even 8 h after copulation. These results demonstrate that sAC KO males are infertile because their sperm do not migrate to the fertilization site.
Species origin of exogenous transcription factors affects the activation of endogenous pluripotency markers and signaling pathways of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Zhou Meng , Zhang Manling , Guo Tianxu , Zhao Lihua , Guo Xiyun , Yin Zhibao , Cheng Linxin , Liu Han , Zhao Lixia , Li Xihe , Li Rongfeng
Published: April 2023

The incomplete silencing of exogenous transcription factors (TFs) and the lack of endogenous counterpart activation hampers the application of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs). We used porcine, bovine and murine TFs to reprogram porcine fetal fibroblasts. Porcine TFs-derived piPSCs (ppiPSCs) showed the highest levels of endogenous pluripotency markers activation, were able to differentiate into three germ layers and primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) and integrated into neural ectoderm of E7.5 mouse embryos in vitro. The bovine TFs derived piPSCs (bpiPSCs) expressed endogenous pluripotency markers higher than murine TFs derived piPSCs (mpiPSCs), but both had limited differentiation ability in vitro and depended on continuous expression of exogenous TFs for the maintenance. RNA sequencing confirmed ppiPSCs had distinct global transcriptional profiling, upregulated Hippo, PI3K-Akt, MAPK and relevant pluripotency signaling pathways as porcine blastocyst inner cell mass and expressed PGC early related genes. In addition, a positive and a negative correlation between exogenous and endogenous TFs’ expression level were observed in ppiPSCs and bpiPSCs lines, respectively. The TFs’ protein structures in pig were more similar to cattle than to mouse. In conclusion, the species affinity of the exogenous TFs is a key element, and the own species origin of TFs is optimal for iPSCs generation and application.
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing and proteomics analysis in pediatric viral encephalitis and meningitis
Authors: Wang Yi-Long , Guo Xiao-Tong , Zhu Meng-Ying , Mao Yu-Chen , Xu Xue-Bin , Hua Yi , Xu Lu , Jiang Li-Hua , Zhao Cong-Ying , Zhang Xin , Sheng Guo-Xia , Jiang Pei-Fang , Yuan Zhe-Feng , Gao Feng
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Early and accurate identification of pathogens is essential for improved outcomes in patients with viral encephalitis (VE) and/or viral meningitis (VM).

Methods

In our research, Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) which can identify viral pathogens unbiasedly was performed on RNA and DNA to identify potential pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 50 pediatric patients with suspected VEs and/or VMs. Then we performed proteomics analysis on the 14 HEV-positive CSF samples and another 12 CSF samples from health controls (HCs). A supervised partial least squaresdiscriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal PLS-DA (O-PLS-DA) model was performed using proteomics data.

Results

Ten viruses in 48% patients were identified and the most common pathogen was human enterovirus (HEV) Echo18. 11 proteins overlapping between the top 20 DEPs in terms of P value and FC and the top 20 proteins in PLS-DA VIP lists were acquired.

Discussion

Our result showed mNGS has certain advantages on pathogens identification in VE and VM and our research established a foundation to identify diagnosis biomarker candidates of HEV-positive meningitis based on MS-based proteomics analysis, which could also contribute toward investigating the HEV-specific host response patterns.
Understanding post-surgical decline in left ventricular function in primary mitral regurgitation using regression and machine learning models
Authors: Zheng Jingyi , Li Yuexin , Billor Nedret , Ahmed Mustafa I. , Fang Yu-Hua Dean , Pat Betty , Denney Thomas S. , Dell’Italia Louis J.
Published: April 2023

Background

Class I echocardiographic guidelines in primary mitral regurgitation (PMR) risks left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50% after mitral valve surgery even with pre-surgical LVEF > 60%. There are no models predicting LVEF < 50% after surgery in the complex interplay of increased preload and facilitated ejection in PMR using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR).

Objective

Use regression and machine learning models to identify a combination of CMR LV remodeling and function parameters that predict LVEF < 50% after mitral valve surgery.

Methods

CMR with tissue tagging was performed in 51 pre-surgery PMR patients (median CMR LVEF 64%), 49 asymptomatic (median CMR LVEF 63%), and age-matched controls (median CMR LVEF 64%). To predict post-surgery LVEF < 50%, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and support vector machine (SVM) were developed and validated in pre-surgery PMR patients. Recursive feature elimination and LASSO reduced the number of features and model complexity. Data was split and tested 100 times and models were evaluated via stratified cross validation to avoid overfitting. The final RF model was tested in asymptomatic PMR patients to predict post-surgical LVEF < 50% if they had gone to mitral valve surgery.

Results

Thirteen pre-surgery PMR had LVEF < 50% after mitral valve surgery. In addition to LVEF (P = 0.005) and LVESD (P = 0.13), LV sphericity index (P = 0.047) and LV mid systolic circumferential strain rate (P = 0.024) were predictors of post-surgery LVEF < 50%. Using these four parameters, logistic regression achieved 77.92% classification accuracy while RF improved the accuracy to 86.17%. This final RF model was applied to asymptomatic PMR and predicted 14 (28.57%) out of 49 would have post-surgery LVEF < 50% if they had mitral valve surgery.

Conclusions

These preliminary findings call for a longitudinal study to determine whether LV sphericity index and circumferential strain rate, or other combination of parameters, accurately predict post-surgical LVEF in PMR.
Experimental study of triaxial shear features of concentrated full tailings considering the effect of curing age
Authors: Wang Sha , Mei Guodong , Wang Weixiang , Wang Yali , Cui Yiyuan , Guo Lijie , Chu Yifan
Published: April 2023

The strength evolution law of concentrated full tailings is closely related to the storage construction method, especially the growth law of shear strength with curing age. This study aims to investigate the influence of curing materials on the shear strength of full tailings and reveal the change law of the shear strength of concentrated full tailings with the curing age. Therefore, we carried out a comparative triaxial shear test between pure full tailings and concentrated full tailings with different curing ages. The test results show that concentrated full tailings had a 70.7% higher cohesion and a 10% larger internal friction angle (IFA) than that of pure full tailings at the age of 0 days. Moreover, the concentrated full tailings cured for 3 days had a 170.2% higher cohesion and a 12.1% larger IFA than that cured for 0 days. In addition, the concentrated full tailings cured for 7 days had a 149.4% higher cohesion and a 12.1% larger IFA than that cured for 0 days. The stress-strain curve exhibits that the shear strength of full tailings is significantly influenced by the curing material and curing age. The stress-strain curve gradually moved from strain hardening to strain softening as the curing age increased, and the failure curve had two steps. This indicates that the specimen still has a certain shear capacity despite having a shear zone. The entire specimen instantly fails when the strain exceeds that capacity. The results of this study can be used as scientific bases for the design and construction of the surface storage structures of concentrated full tailings.
Development of a cambrian back-arc basin in the North Qilian orogenic belt: New constraints from gabbros in Yushigou ophiolite
Authors: Tian Hao , Liu Xijun , Wu Hao , Li Dechao , Liu Xiao , Song Qi , Li Zhenglin , Liu Pengde , Hu Rongguo , Yang Qijun
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The North Qilian orogenic belt, as the Northern branch of the original Tethys tectonic domain, is important for reconstructing the tectonic evolution of the ancient Tethys. However, the tectonic history of the North Qilian orogenic belt remains controversial. This study addresses this issue from a geochemical perspective.

Methods: In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry, clinopyroxene mineral geochemistry, zircon Ti crystallization temperature, and gabbromagma temperature and pressure in the Yushigou ophiolite of the North Qilian orogenic belt was conducted to provide constraints on its tectonic evolution.

Results and Discussion: Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry zircon U-Pb dating results reveal that the gabbros have ages of 519 ± 3 Ma and 495 ± 4 Ma, belonging to the Cambrian period. Most of the studied gabbros exhibited geochemical characteristics of tholeiitic basaltic rocks with normal mid-ocean ridge basalt and island arc tholeiite dual geochemical affinities. The gabbros are interpreted to have formed by a high degree of partial melting of the depleted mantle spinel lherzolite. These results suggest that the back-arc basin of the North Qilian tectonic belt may have evolved to a relatively mature stage from 519 to 495 Ma. Overall, this study contributes to our understanding of the tectonic evolution of the North Qilian orogenic belt through geochemical analyses.
The role of teaching processes in turnover intentions, risk of burnout, and stress during COVID-19: a case study among Finnish University teacher educators
Authors: Virtanen Päivi , Parpala Anna
Published: April 2023

Previous research in teaching contexts other than Higher Education (HE) has shown that teachers struggle with stress, burnout, and intention to leave the profession. There is rather scarce evidence that HE teachers’ wellbeing is affected by their teaching processes. Thus, in this case study, how HE teacher educators’ (N = 83) risk of burnout is related to their approaches to teaching, their intention to leave teaching in HE, and the stress experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic have been investigated. Based on the correlations and regression analyses of the survey data, the results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic had increased the work stress of over half of the HE teacher educators, but only a few suffered from burnout and had intended to leave teaching in HE. The risk of teachers suffering from burnout was negatively related to having an interactive teaching approach, and positively related to having an unreflective teaching approach. Both intending to leave teaching and the stress experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic predicted HE teacher educators’ risk of burnout. This study has shown the importance of conducting more research on university teachers’ wellbeing.
Tutors’ chronological age and characteristics as predictors of creative nurturing behavior in the 21st-century classroom
Authors: Mahama Inuusah , Dampson Dandy George , Eshun Peter
Published: April 2023

Introduction

The study examined tutors’ characteristics and chronological age as they influenced their creativity nurturing behaviors.

Methods

The descriptive cross-sectional design was used to survey 340 tutors (male = 220, female = 120) from 16 colleges of education. The data for the study were gathered using adapted versions of teachers’ characteristics and creativity nurturing behaviors scales. The data were analyzed inferentially.

Results

The study revealed that tutors’ characteristics influenced their creativity nurturing behaviors and teachers with 30 years and above of teaching could influence their creativity nurturing behaviors. Differences were established in tutors’ creativity nurturing behaviors based on their experience but such were not found in tutors’ characteristics.

Discussion

It was concluded that tutors’ characteristics and age are two key drivers of their creative abilities in the 21st century classroom. Therefore, management of teacher training institutions must cultivate an appreciable and appropriate tutor characteristics and dispositions so that they can use them to nurture trainee-teachers.
Current understanding on pathogenesis and effective treatment of glycogen storage disease type Ib with empagliflozin: new insights coming from diabetes for its potential implications in other metabolic disorders
Authors: Maiorana Arianna , Tagliaferri Francesco , Dionisi-Vici Carlo
Published: April 2023

Glycogen storage type Ib (GSDIb) is a rare inborn error of metabolism caused by glucose-6-phosphate transporter (G6PT, SLC37A4) deficiency. G6PT defect results in excessive accumulation of glycogen and fat in the liver, kidney, and intestinal mucosa and into both glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis impairment. Clinical features include hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, lactic acidemia, hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia, and growth retardation. Long-term complications are liver adenoma, hepatocarcinoma, nephropathy and osteoporosis. The hallmark of GSDIb is neutropenia, with impaired neutrophil function, recurrent infections and inflammatory bowel disease. Alongside classical nutritional therapy with carbohydrates supplementation and immunological therapy with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, the emerging role of 1,5-anhydroglucitol in the pathogenesis of neutrophil dysfunction led to repurpose empagliflozin, an inhibitor of the renal glucose transporter SGLT2: the current literature of its off-label use in GSDIb patients reports beneficial effects on neutrophil dysfunction and its clinical consequences. Surprisingly, this glucose-lowering drug ameliorated the glycemic and metabolic control in GSDIb patients. Furthermore, numerous studies from big cohorts of type 2 diabetes patients showed the efficacy of empagliflozin in reducing the cardiovascular risk, the progression of kidney disease, the NAFLD and the metabolic syndrome. Beneficial effects have also been described on peripheral neuropathy in a prediabetic rat model. Increasing evidences highlight the role of empagliflozin in regulating the cellular energy sensors SIRT1/AMPK and Akt/mTOR, which leads to improvement of mitochondrial structure and function, stimulation of autophagy, decrease of oxidative stress and suppression of inflammation. Modulation of these pathways shift the oxidative metabolism from carbohydrates to lipids oxidation and results crucial in reducing insulin levels, insulin resistance, glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity. For its pleiotropic effects, empagliflozin appears to be a good candidate for drug repurposing also in other metabolic diseases presenting with hypoglycemia, organ damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and defective autophagy.
Genetic characteristics and clinical-specific survival prediction in elderly patients with gallbladder cancer: a genetic and population-based study
Authors: Zhou Hao , Chen Junhong , Jin Hengwei , Liu Kai
Published: April 2023

Background

Biliary system cancers are most commonly gallbladder cancers (GBC). Elderly patients (≥ 65) were reported to suffer from an unfavorable prognosis. In this study, we analyzed the RNA-seq and clinical data of elderly GBC patients to derive the genetic characteristics and the survival-related nomograms.

Methods

RNA-seq data from 14 GBC cases were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, grouped by age, and subjected to gene differential and enrichment analysis. In addition, a Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was performed to determine the gene sets associated with age grouping further to characterize the gene profile of elderly GBC patients. The database of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) was searched for clinicopathological information regarding elderly GBC patients. Nomograms were constructed to predict the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of elderly GBC patients. The predictive accuracy and capability of nomograms were evaluated through the concordance index (C-index), calibration curves, time-dependent operating characteristic curves (ROC), as well as area under the curve (AUC). Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to check out the clinical application value of nomograms.

Results

Among the 14 patients with GBC, four were elderly, while the remaining ten were young. Analysis of gene differential and enrichment indicated that elderly GBC patients exhibited higher expression levels of cell cycle-related genes and lower expression levels of energy metabolism-related genes. Furthermore, the WGCNA analysis indicated that elderly GBC patients demonstrated a decrease in the expression of genes related to mitochondrial respiratory enzymes and an increase in the expression of cell cycle-related genes. 2131 elderly GBC patients were randomly allocated into the training cohort (70%) and validation cohort (30%). Our nomograms showed robust discriminative ability with a C-index of 0.717/0.747 for OS/CSS in the training cohort and 0.708/0.740 in the validation cohort. Additionally, calibration curves, AUCs, and DCA results suggested moderate predictive accuracy and superior clinical application value of our nomograms.

Conclusion

Discrepancies in cell cycle signaling and metabolic disorders, especially energy metabolism, were obviously observed between elderly and young GBC patients. In addition to being predictively accurate, the nomograms of elderly GBC patients also contributed to managing and strategizing clinical care.