bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performing honor online: The affordances of social media for surveillance and impression management in an honor culture
Authors: Pearce Katy E , Vitak Jessica
Published: August 2015

In recent years, research on online impression management has received considerable scholarly attention, with an increasing focus on how the affordances of new media shape the impression management process. However, scant attention has been paid to how individuals perform their identity online in places where surveillance is the norm—and punishment for non-compliance to behavioral codes is severe. This qualitative study of Azerbaijan, an honor culture with a norm of surveillance and serious repercussions for deviating from behavioral codes, explores how young adults balance the tensions between wanting to connect, create, and interact in these spaces while still adhering to behavioral codes. Findings from interviews reveal a complex set of strategies young people employ to both adhere to and break free of the restrictions they experience in offline settings. In many ways, these strategies are similar to those identified in research on more open societies; however, the ramifications for behavioral violations are so severe that careful and controlled impression management becomes paramount for Azerbaijanis, and especially so for women, who face significantly more restrictions than men.
Inhibition of 4NQO-Induced Oral Carcinogenesis by Dietary Oyster Shell Calcium
Authors: Chen Ying , Jiang Yi , Liao Liyan , Zhu Xiaoxin , Tang Shengan , Yang Qing , Sun Lihua , Li Yujie , Gao Shuangrong , Xie Zhongjian
Published: August 2015

Oyster has gained much attention recently for its anticancer activity but it is unclear whether calcium, the major antitumor ingredient in oyster shell, is responsible for the anticarcinogenic role of the oyster. To address this issue, C57BL/6 mice were fed with the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO, 50 µg/mL) and normal diet or a diet containing oyster powder, oyster calcium, or calcium depleted oyster powder. The tongue tissue specimens isolated from these mice were histologically evaluated for hyperplasia, dysplasia, and papillary lesions, and then analyzed for proliferation and differentiation markers by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that mice on the diet containing oyster calcium significantly reduced rates of tumors in the tongue and proliferation and enhanced differentiation in the oral epithelium compared with the diet containing calcium depleted oyster powder. These results suggest that calcium in oyster plays a critical role in suppressing formation of oral squamous cell carcinoma and proliferation and promoting differentiation of the oral epithelium.
A Reflection on a Data Curation Journey
Authors: Lötter Lucia , van Zyl Christa
Published: August 2015

This commentary is a reflection on experience of data preservation and sharing (i.e., data curation) practices developed in a South African research organization. The lessons learned from this journey have echoes in the findings and recommendations emerging from the present study in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) and may usefully contribute to more general reflection on the management of change in data practice.
The role of inhaled prostacyclin in treating acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Searcy Randi J. , Morales James R. , Ferreira Jason A. , Johnson Donald W.
Published: August 2015

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a syndrome of acute lung injury that is characterized by noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and severe hypoxemia second to a pathogenic impairment of gas exchange. Despite significant advances in the area, mortality remains high among ARDS patients. High mortality and a limited spectrum of therapeutic options have left clinicians searching for alternatives, spiking interest in selective pulmonary vasodilators (SPVs). Despite the lack of robust evidence, SPVs are commonly employed for their therapeutic role in improving oxygenation in patients who have developed refractory hypoxemia in ARDS. While inhaled epoprostenol (iEPO) also impacts arterial oxygenation by decreasing ventilation–perfusion (V/Q) mismatching and pulmonary shunt flow, this effect is not different from inhaled nitric oxide (iNO). The most effective and safest dose for yielding a clinically significant increase in PaO2 and reduction in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) appears to be 20–30 ng/kg/min in adults and 30 ng/kg/min in pediatric patients. iEPO appears to have a ceiling effect above these doses in which no additional benefit may be derived. iNO and iEPO have shown similar efficacy profiles; however, they differ with respect to cost and ease of therapeutic administration. The most beneficial effects of iEPO have been seen in adult patients with secondary ARDS as compared with primary ARDS, most likely due to the difference in etiology of the two disease states, and in patients suffering from baseline right ventricular heart failure. Although iEPO has demonstrated improvements in hemodynamic parameters and oxygenation in ARDS patients, due to the limited number of randomized clinical trials and the lack of studies investigating mortality, the use of iEPO cannot be recommended as standard of care in ARDS. iEPO should be reserved for those refractory to traditional therapies.
Communication, Sportsmanship, and Negotiating Ethical Conduct on the Digital Playing Field
Authors: Smith William Roth
Published: August 2015

This study examines sportsmanship and ethics on the digital playing field of Strava—a mobile fitness application (app) that records bicycle rides and uploads the data to an online network of other users. Specifically, the study utilizes a social shaping and construction of technology theoretical framework to investigate and discuss how users of Strava communicatively negotiate what it means to be an ethical user of the technology. Drawing on interviews and participant observations of 47 users of the cycling-focused fitness app, the study presents how users perceive and understand online and off-line actions in terms of ethical conduct. Findings indicate that users view actions as indeterminate or disreputable. While disreputable actions are considered outright cheating, indeterminate actions remain in a gray area that is ethically questionable. The study details how the communicative features of Strava allow users to enact sportsmanship through kudos (e.g., congratulatory comments) and refereeing (e.g., flagging user data). This article concludes by offering examples of how relevant social groups are beginning to shape the sports technology.
HIV Viral Load Monitoring Frequency and Risk of Treatment Failure among Immunologically Stable HIV-Infected Patients Prescribed Combination Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Young Benjamin , Hart Rachel L. D. , Buchacz Kate , Scott Mia , Palella Frank , Brooks John T.
Published: August 2015

The authors sought to assess whether viral load (VL) monitoring frequency was associated with differential rates of virologic failure (VF) among HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) participants seen during 1999 to 2013, who had maintained VL <50 copies/mL, CD4 counts ≥300 cells/mm3, and been prescribed a stable combination antiretroviral regimen for at least 2 years. The authors required VL and CD4 testing to have occurred regularly for the entire 2-year period. The authors assessed rates of VF comparing patients who maintained a frequent VL testing (≥3 VLs) to those who shifted to a less frequent schedule (2 VL) after the 2-year period. Virologic failure was observed among 116 of 573 participants. The authors did not detect statistically significant difference in frequency of VF among patients undergoing frequent (21.0%) versus less frequent VL testing (19.6%), even after multivariable adjustment. Biannual VL monitoring for stable patients with aviremia could generate substantial cost savings without the increased risk of VF.
Insertional Achilles tendinopathy is associated with arthritic changes of the posterior calcaneal cartilage: a retrospective study
Authors: Palmanovich Ezequiel , Oshri Yael , Brin Yaron S. , Edelshtein Evgeny , Nyska Meir , Hetsroni Iftach
Published: August 2015

Background

To characterize the histological changes within the posterior calcaneal cartilage in patients with insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) and test the relationships between severity of the histological changes and level of functional impairment.

Methods

Sixteen posterior calcaneal wall specimens of patients with IAT who had posterior calcaneal ostectomy were investigated. Hematoxylin‐eosin stain, Toluidine‐blue stain, Polarized light microscopy, and Masson Trichrome stain were used to characterize histological changes. Changes within the posterior calcaneal wall cartilage were graded according to Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) criteria. Functional scores were completed at the time of surgery according to the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle‐Hindfoot score.

Results

Mean age of patients was 48.9 years. Histological findings within the posterior calcaneal wall cartilage specimens were consistent with arthritic changes. OARSI grading indicated Grade 2 changes in one specimen, mean AOFAS score 60; Grade 3 changes in three specimens, AOFAS score 73.7 ± 2.5; Grade 4 changes in four specimens, AOFAS score 44 ± 21.4; Grade 5 changes in eight specimens, AOFAS score 48 ± 9.9. Higher OARSI grades were correlated with lower AOFAS scores (rho = −0.65, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Degenerative arthritic changes of the posterior calcaneal wall cartilage characterize patients with IAT and the severity of such changes is directly correlated to the degree of functional impairment.
Human amniotic epithelial cells inhibit granulosa cell apoptosis induced by chemotherapy and restore the fertility
Authors: Zhang Qiuwan , Xu Minhua , Yao Xiaofen , Li Ting , Wang Qian , Lai Dongmei
Published: August 2015

Introduction

Premature ovarian failure and insufficiency are significant long-term side-effects of chemotherapy for female cancer patients. Recently, stem cell transplantation has been identified as a promising treatment for premature ovarian failure and insufficiency. We have previously demonstrated that human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) migrate into injured tissue and promote the recovery of ovarian function in chemoablated mice. However, the molecular mechanism guiding this process remains unclear.

Methods

To further investigate the effect of hAECs on chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, cultured primary hAECs were injected intravenously into mice treated with cyclophosphamide and busulphan. Apoptosis of granulosa cells was observed by TUNEL staining, and apoptosis-related gene expression was performed on ovarian tissue by real-time PCR and Western blot 7 days after hAEC transplantation. Additionally, the ovarian function and fertility of mice were assessed via counts of follicles and mating experiments at 4 weeks after hAEC transplantation.

Results

hAECs significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated granulosa cell apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutics and reduced the inflammatory reaction in ovaries at 7 days after transplantation. In addition, 4 weeks after transplantation, hAECs promoted the development of follicles and increased the number of cumulus oocyte complexes in chemoablated mice. Furthermore, hAECs improved ovarian mass and increased the number of follicles compared to those of the chemoablated group, and hAEC transplantation partially rescued the fertility of chemoablated mice.

Conclusions

hAEC transplantation promotes ovarian function by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated cell apoptosis and reducing inflammation in chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure. These results suggest a potential molecular mechanism for the effective therapy of hAEC transplantation in chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure and insufficiency.
Fixed point theorems and the Krein-S̆mulian property in locally convex spaces
Authors: Wang Fuli , Zhou Hua
Published: August 2015

The aim of this paper is to establish some new fixed point theorems for the superposition operators in locally convex spaces which satisfy the Krein-S̆mulian property. We employ a family of measures of noncompactness in conjunction with the Schauder-Tychonoff fixed point theorem. As an application, the existence of solutions to a quite general nonlinear Volterra type integral equation is considered in locally integrable spaces.
Access to and quality use of non-communicable diseases medicines in Nepal
Authors: K.C. Bhuvan , Heydon Susan , Norris Pauline
Published: August 2015

Noncommunicable diseases are a major healthcare problem in Nepal and their burden is increasingevery year. Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) bring additional challenges to the Nepalese healthcaresystem which is already experiencing infrastructure shortages, poor service delivery, inadequate essential medicines coverage and shortages of healthcare workers. The Nepal government provides a limited number of free essential medicines through the free essential healthcare services program. This consists of a basic healthcare package provided through primary healthcare (PHC) facilities and district hospitals. Though around 40 essential medicines are provided without charge, studies have reported problems with access especially in all rural areas. There is a need to improve access to, coverage and quality use of medicines. The government has decided to provide some free medicines for NCDs alongside free essential medicines to be distributed via current healthcare structures. Though well intended, this decision will put extra strain on the essential medicines program. It should be supplemented by a comprehensive NCDs policy that takes account of the issues of sustainability and quality use of medicines. Complex cases of NCDs will be managed by tertiary hospitals but most of the cases of NCDs especially for rural people and the poor will end up in secondary level public hospitals (district and zonal hospitals). Therefore, the government needs to strengthen these public hospitals. Meanwhile, given the severity of the NCDs problem in Nepal, the Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP) should liaise with nongovernmental and missionary hospitals especially in rural areas to run NCDs management services. The Ministry should encourage these hospitals to run hospital pharmacies to improve people’s access to and quality use of NCDs medicines. At the primary healthcare level, the Ministry could run NCDs prevention and control programs but existing PHC workers need training to perform proper dispensing of NCDs medicines. PHC facilities need a medical record system so that they can address the needs of NCDs patients requiring long term medication supply via a proximate PHC facility.
KNDy Neurons Modulate the Magnitude of the Steroid-Induced Luteinizing Hormone Surges in Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Helena Cleyde V. , Toporikova Natalia , Kalil Bruna , Stathopoulos Andrea M. , Pogrebna Veronika V. , Carolino Ruither O. , Anselmo-Franci Janete A. , Bertram Richard
Published: August 2015

Kisspeptin is the most potent stimulator of LH release. There are two kisspeptin neuronal populations in the rodent brain: in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and in the arcuate nucleus. The arcuate neurons coexpress kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin and are called KNDy neurons. Because estradiol increases kisspeptin expression in the AVPV whereas it inhibits KNDy neurons, AVPV and KNDy neurons have been postulated to mediate the positive and negative feedback effects of estradiol on LH secretion, respectively. Yet the role of KNDy neurons during the positive feedback is not clear. In this study, ovariectomized rats were microinjected bilaterally into the arcuate nucleus with a saporin-conjugated neurokinin B receptor agonist for targeted ablation of approximately 70% of KNDy neurons. In oil-treated animals, ablation of KNDy neurons impaired the rise in LH after ovariectomy and kisspeptin content in both populations. In estradiol-treated animals, KNDy ablation did not influence the negative feedback of steroids during the morning. Surprisingly, KNDy ablation increased the steroid-induced LH surges, accompanied by an increase of kisspeptin content in the AVPV. This increase seems to be due to lack of dynorphin input from KNDy neurons to the AVPV as the following: 1) microinjections of a dynorphin antagonist into the AVPV significantly increased the LH surge in estradiol-treated rats, similar to KNDy ablation, and 2) intra-AVPV microinjections of dynorphin in KNDy-ablated rats restored LH surge levels. Our results suggest that KNDy neurons provide inhibition to AVPV kisspeptin neurons through dynorphin and thus regulate the amplitude of the steroid-induced LH surges.
BMP4 and BMP7 Suppress StAR and Progesterone Production via ALK3 and SMAD1/5/8-SMAD4 in Human Granulosa-Lutein Cells
Authors: Zhang Han , Klausen Christian , Zhu Hua , Chang Hsun-Ming , Leung Peter C. K.
Published: August 2015

Adequate production of progesterone by the corpus luteum is critical to the successful establishment of pregnancy. In animal models, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4 and BMP7 have been shown to suppress either basal or gonadotropin-induced progesterone production, depending on the species examined. However, the effects of BMP4 and BMP7 on progesterone production in human granulosa cells are unknown. In the present study, we used immortalized (SVOG) and primary human granulosa-lutein cells to investigate the effects of BMP4 and BMP7 on steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) expression and progesterone production and to examine the underlying molecular mechanism. Treatment of primary and immortalized human granulosa cells with recombinant BMP4 or BMP7 decreased StAR expression and progesterone accumulation. In SVOG cells, the suppressive effects of BMP4 and BMP7 on StAR expression were blocked by pretreatment with inhibitors of activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)2/3/6 (dorsomorphin) or ALK2/3 (DMH1) but not ALK4/5/7 (SB-431542). Moreover, small interfering RNA-mediated depletion of ALK3, but not ALK2 or ALK6, reversed the effects of BMP4 and BMP7 on StAR expression. Likewise, BMP4- and BMP7-induced phosphorylation of SMAD 1/5/8 was reversed by treatment with DMH1 or small interfering RNA targeting ALK3. Knockdown of SMAD4, the essential common SMAD for BMP/TGF-β signaling, abolished the effects of BMP4 and BMP7 on StAR expression. Our results suggest that BMP4 and BMP7 down-regulate StAR and progesterone production via ALK3 and SMAD1/5/8-SMAD4 signaling in human granulosa-lutein cells.
Scribal Interaction and the Transmission of Traditional Knowledge: A Postclassic Maya Perspective
Authors: Vail Gabrielle
Published: August 2015

This article contributes to the discussion of literacy in colonial Mesoamerica by providing a historical perspective concerning scribal practices in the pre-Hispanic Maya region—particularly those relating to the creation and use of screenfold codices—and interactions among different literary traditions. This data set provides an important point of departure for understanding later (colonial-period) practices among the elite of the northern Maya region, for whom reading, writing, consulting, and reciting texts had been deeply embedded within the culture for at least a millennium by the time they first came into contact with Europeans.
Literacy and Healing: Semiotic Ideologies and the Entextualization of Colonial Maya Medical Incantations
Authors: Knowlton Timothy W.
Published: August 2015

The manuscript known as the Ritual of the Bacabs is a rare corpus of Yucatec Maya–language incantations and medical remedies put to paper in the eighteenth century. When a given instance of discourse such as a healing incantation is put into writing, it is rendered as a detachable unit of text that can be lifted out of its interactional setting so that it may be successfully recontextualized in future performances. Deciding what signs are essential to convey in writing requires a judgment about what constitutes an effective performance of the text. Such a judgment is based in a group's semiotic ideologies. In this essay I examine the role of semiotic ideologies in colonial Maya literacy through an analysis of abbreviation conventions, metalinguistic commentary, and the various kinds of signs explicitly employed in these written incantations' performance: “speech” (tħan); “written character” (uoh); and “icon” (uayasba).
Made in Translation: Revisiting the Chontal Maya Account of the Conquest
Authors: Faudree Paja
Published: August 2015

In this article, I argue for placing the study of translators and translation processes more squarely at the center of ethnohistoric research. I focus on two texts well known to scholars: a seventeenth-century text written in Chontal Maya and its contemporary translation into Spanish. I discuss how translation practices contributed to the creation of the Chontal text and then analyze the systematic discrepancies between it and the contemporary Spanish translation. I show that even where the translation closely follows the original, the message is radically altered. This case speaks to issues commonly found in colonial encounters, while inviting deeper engagement with translation as a special site where colonial relations are constructed.
Alphabetic Literacy and Colonial Process in Yucatán
Authors: Hanks William F.
Published: August 2015

The article outlines the formation and spread of alphabetic writing and reading in Colonial Yucatán. Over the colonial period, Maya people adapted to, appropriated, and ultimately expropriated alphabetic writing for their own purposes. Drawing on what Matthew Restall has called the New Philology and on recent trends in missionary linguistics, this article explores the distinctive characteristics of alphabetic writing, which was a potent force in reshaping Maya communicative practices. I argue that the flexibility, portability, and universal applicability of the graphic alphabet to spoken language made it a uniquely powerful vector for the spread of discourse of all kinds—some of it sanctioned and some not. The written word was in constant alternation with oral enunciation, and writing flourished beyond the confines of colonial order, in the forbidden genres. The same properties that made alphabetic writing a productive part of the project of reducción also made it impossible to control once introduced among the Maya.
Flutuação Populacional de Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) em Plantios de Palma de Óleo em Roraima
Authors: Correia Ruy Guilherme , Silva Lima Antonio Cesar , Centeno Cordeiro Antonio Carlos , Da Silva Maciel Francisco Clemilto , Rocha Martins Walmer Bruno , Silva Dionísio Luiz Fernandes
Published: August 2015

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a ﬂutuação populacional de Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) em plantios de Elaeis guineensis Jacq, em ecossistemas de savana e floresta no estado de Roraima. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida durante o período de janeiro de 2011 a fevereiro de 2012 nos campos experimentais da Embrapa Roraima: Monte Cristo e Caroebe, numa área de 2 hectares com a cultura da Palma de Óleo, em cada campo. Foram distribuídas armadilhas iscadas com roletes de cana-de-açúcar e feromônio de agregação para captura dos insetos no entorno dos plantios. Ocorreu flutuação de R. palmarum com picos populacionais nos meses de julho e agosto no ecossistema de savana e de abril a setembro no ambiente de floresta. A população de R. palmarum foi menor em meses de baixa precipitação pluviométrica nos dois ambientes avaliados com a Palma de Óleo em RoraimaPopulation Fluctuation of Rhynchophorus  palmarum  L.  (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Plantations of Oil Palm in RoraimaAbstract. This research aimed to evaluate the population fluctuation Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Elaeis guineensis Jacq plantations in forest and savanna ecosystems in the state of Roraima. The research was conducted during the period from January 2011 to February 2012 in the experimental field of Embrapa Roraima: Monte Cristo and Caroebe in an area of 2 hectares with culture Oil Palm in each field. Traps baited with rollers cane sugar and aggregation pheromone for capturing insects in the vicinity of the plantations were distributed. Fluctuation occurred R. palmarum with population peaks in the months of July and August in the savanna ecosystem and from April to September in the forest environment. The population of R. palmarum was lower in months of low rainfall in the two environments assessed with a palm-oil-in Roraima.
Comportamento Predatório Incomum de Menemerus bivittatus (Dufour) (Araneae, Salticidae)
Authors: Halfeld Vítor Ribeiro
Published: August 2015

Resumo. Neste trabalho, a aranha-saltadora Menemerus bivittatus (Dofour) é registrada como predadora de pupas de formigas Camponotus crassus Mayr. A captura desse tipo de presa foi realizada por meio da execução de um comportamento especializado, conhecido como “snatching”. Aranhas que exibem esse comportamento roubam o material transportado por formigas operárias (presas ou formas juvenis) para se alimentar. No Brasil, registros desse tipo de interação são escassos na literatura. Trata-se do primeiro registro do comportamento “snatching” em ambiente urbano. Unusual Predatory Behavior of Menemerus bivittatus (Dufour) (Araneae, Salticidae)Abstract. In this work, the jumping spider Menemerus bivittatus (Dofour) is registered as a predator of pupae of the ant Camponotus crassus Mayr. The capture of this type of prey was performed by running a specialized behavior, known as "snatching”. Spiders that exhibit this behavior steal the material transported by worker ants (prey or brood) to feed. In Brazil, records of this type of interaction are quite scarce. This is the first record of the snatching behavior in urban environment.
Reviews
Authors: Meneses Filipe Ribeiro , Marcos Daniel
Published: August 2015

A Guerra Secreta de Salazar em África: Aginter Press: Uma Rede Internacional de Contra-Subversão e Espionagem Sediada em Lisboa/Salazar’s Secret War in Africa: Aginter Press: An International Counter-Subversion and Spy Network in Lisbon, José Duarte de Jesus (2012) Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 257 pp., ISBN: 9789722049351, Paperback, Є14.90

A Diplomacia de Salazar (1932–1949)/Salazar’s Diplomacy (1932–1949), Bernardo Futscher Pereira (2012) Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 591 pp., ISBN: 9789722050814, Hardback, Є29.90
Shaping Dreams: Design Ideas and Design Fiction in Movie and Television
Production Design
Authors: Wille Jakob Ion
Published: August 2015

The aim of this article is to show how the design process influences the
planning and development of moving images, i.e., live-action movies,
animation, and television. The paper documents the significance of design in
the early stages of film and television production and shows how industry
practitioners value the contribution of designers in developing the
narrative through visual support. The paper suggests a comparison of design
and screenplay research and analysis. In addition, it touches on the subject
of design fiction in the case of a project involving collaboration of
production design students from The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts,
School of Design, and screenwriting and producer students from The National
Film School of Denmark. Finally, this article provides insight into one of
the newer trans-disciplinary developments in design, namely the
cross-pollination taking place between the fields of design research and
film research. As a result, the paper contributes to our understanding of
the expanding concept of design.
WYZNACZANIE POŁOŻENIA GŁOWICY OPTOELEKTRONICZNEJ Z WYKORZYSTANIEM CZUJNIKÓW MEMS
Authors: Sokołowska Justyna , Błaszczyk Janusz
Published: August 2015

W pracy opisano wykorzystanie czujników MinIMU-9 v3 do określania zmian położenia taniej, stabilizowanej głowicy optoelektronicznej, przeznaczonej do bezzałogowych systemów powietrznych. Przedstawiono proces kalibracji czujników, wpływ zmian temperatury na ich odczyty oraz zalecenia, które należy uwzględnić przy montażu.
PORÓWNANIE WYBRANYCH WŁAŚCIWOŚCI SILNIKÓW BEZSZCZOTKOWYCH PRĄDU STAŁEGO PRZEZNACZONYCH DO POZYCJONOWANIA CZUJNIKÓW OPTOELEKTRONICZNYCH
Authors: Zieleźnicki Jan , Grzybowski Adam , Błaszczyk Janusz
Published: August 2015

Korzystne właściwości eksploatacyjne bezszczotkowych silników prądu stałego takie jak wyższa trwałość i niezawodność oraz szeroki zakres użytecznych prędkości osiągalnych dla zadanego obciążenia sprawiają, że są one często stosowane w układach stabilizacji osi optycznej w optoelektronicznych głowicach przeznaczonych do statków powietrznych. Istnieje jednak wiele podtypów i konfiguracji tych silników, co sprawia, że wybór optymalnej konstrukcji nie jest prosty. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono proces wyboru silnika charakteryzującego się właściwościami predestynującymi go do użycia w napędzie głowicy optoelektronicznej.
Energy methods for curved composite beams with
partial shear interaction
Authors: Ecsedi István , Lengyel Ákos József
Published: August 2015

This paper presents a derivation of the Rayleigh-
Betti reciprocity relation for layered curved composite
beams with interlayer slip. The principle of minimum of
potential energy is also formulated for two-layer curved
composite beams and its applications are illustrated by
numerical examples. The solution of the presented problems
are obtained by the Ritz method. The applications
of the Rayleigh-Betti reciprocity relation proven are illustrated
by some examples.
Approximation numbers of composition operators on Hp
Authors: Li Daniel , Queffélec Hervé , Rodríguez-Piazza Luis
Published: August 2015

give estimates for the approximation numbers of composition operators on the H
From recordings of disulfide isomerases in action to reversal of maladaptive endoplasmic reticulum stress responses: proceedings on the ER & Redox Club Meeting held in Venice, April 2015
Authors: van Anken Eelco
Published: August 2015

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interacts and cooperates with other organelles as a central hub in cellular homeostasis. In particular, the ER is the first station along the secretory pathway, where client proteins fold and assemble before they travel to their final destination elsewhere in the endomembrane system or outside the cell. Protein folding and disulfide bond formation go hand in hand in the ER, a task that is achieved with the help of ER-resident chaperones and other folding factors, including oxidoreductases that catalyze disulfide bond formation. Yet, when their combined effort is in vain, client proteins that fail to fold are disposed of through ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The ER folding and ERAD machineries can be boosted through the unfolded protein response (UPR) if required. Still, protein folding in the ER may consistently fail when proteins are mutated due to a genetic defect, which, ultimately, can lead to disease. Novel developments in all these fields of study and how new insights ultimately can be exploited for clinical or biotechnological purposes were highlighted in a rich variety of presentations at the ER & Redox Club Meeting that was held in Venice from 15 to 17 April 2015. As such, the meeting provided the participants an excellent opportunity to mingle and discuss key advancements and outstanding questions on ER function in health and disease.
Vulnerability of soils in the watershed of Wadi El Hammam to water erosion (Algeria)
Authors: Gliz Mohamed , Remini Boualem , Anteur Djamel , Makhlouf Mohammed
Published: August 2015

Located in the north west of Algeria, the watershed of Wadi El Hammam is threatened by water erosion that has resulted the silting of reservoirs at cascade: Ouizert, Bouhanifia and Fergoug. The objective of this study is to develop a methodology using remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS) to map the zones presenting sensibility of water erosion in this watershed. It aims to produce a sensibility map that can be used as a reference document for planners. The methodology presented consists of three factors that control erosion: the slope, the friability material and the land use, which were integrated into a GIS. The derived erosion sensibility map shows three areas of vulnerability to water erosion: low, medium and high. The area of high vulnerability corresponds to sub-basin of Fergoug.
The relationship between dissolved organic carbon and hydro-climatic factors in peat-muck soil
Authors: Jaszczyński Jacek
Published: August 2015

The object of this study was the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil solution related to groundwater table, soil temperature, moisture, redox potential and intensive storm rain and their changes during ten years (2001–2010). The studies were localized in drained and agriculturally used Kuwasy Mire situated in the middle basin of the Biebrza River, north-eastern Poland. The study site was situated on a low peat soil managed as intensively used grassland. The soil was recognized as peat-muck in the second stage of the mucking process. DOC concentration was determined by means of the flow colorimetric method using the Skalar equipment.

Mean in the whole study period DOC concentration in soil solution was 72 mg·dm−3. A significant positive correlation was observed between DOC concentration and soil temperature at 30 cm depth. The highest DOC concentrations were observed from July to October accompanied by the lowest ground water level. The DOC concentration in soil solution showed also a significant correlation with soil redox potential at 20 cm depth – a border between muck and peat layers. This layer is potentially most active with respect to biochemical transformation. There was no relationship between DOC concentration and soil moisture. However, the influence of torrential rains on the intensity of DOC removal was demonstrated in this study.
Application of CVM method in the evaluation of flood control and water and sewage management projects
Authors: Liziński Tadeusz , Wróblewska Anna , Rauba Krystyna
Published: August 2015

Traditional methods of economic evaluation of projects in the field of environmental protection do not reflect the full value of these projects. In particular, it doesn’t take into account non-market effects that have an impact on the level of social welfare. The issue of valuation of natural resources and related services is also related to this problem. The evaluations and valuations of areas generally ignored the value of natural resources or take into account only the part which has the market value.

The article presents the results of study the economy of non-market goods using contingent valuation method. The first part of the results concerns the willingness to pay for improvement of safety sense from flood risk. The second part concerns willingness to pay for the use of municipal sewage treatment plants. The population living of the area of the Żuławy of Vistula delta valued their improvement of safety sense from flood risk of at more than twice the value of the compared to current expenditures incurred flood protection. The vast majority of respondents considered it reasonable protection of polder areas. Indicating simultaneously that in the reduction of flood risk allows possible resettlement and restoration polder parts. The majority of residents (98%) agreed to the construction of wastewater treatment plants and were willing to pay for its construction and operation. The majority of respondents (especially those in middle age and older) found that the collective sewage development would contribute to improving the environment quality and thus the residents living standard. However, not all were willing to pay for the use of collective sewage collection and treatment. 18% of respondents did not want to pay an amount greater than the current charges for the sewage removal and treatment. In addition, the residents of the municipality cannot afford to pay, or believe that water supply and sanitation services should be free.
On some ideal related to the ideal (v0)
Authors: Kalemba Piotr
Published: August 2015

The ideal (v0) is known in the literature and is naturally linked to the structure [ω]ω. We consider some
natural counterpart of the ideal (v0) related in an analogous way to the structure Dense(ℚ) and investigate its
combinatorial properties. By the use of the notion of ideal type we prove that under CH this ideal is isomorphic
to (v0).
Lattice Vibrations to Identify the Li/Na Ratio in
Li
x
Na2−x
Ti6O13 (x = 0…2)
Authors: Volgmann Kai , Schulz Alexander , Welsch Anna-Maria , Bredow Thomas , Nakhal Suliman , Lerch Martin , Heitjans Paul
Published: August 2015

Li
x
Na2−x
Ti6O13has received attention as 3d-metal
oxide based anode material for possible battery
application. Generally, titanium oxides represent excellent Li hosts
due to their zero-strain behavior, cycling stability and high
operating voltage. New developments choose Na as charge carrier, but
less effort is put in the investigation of mixed cation
conductors. Owing to the synthesis route of
Li
x
Na2−x
Ti6O13(0 ≤ x ≤ 2) the
coordination of Na and Li in the channels is different which had been
investigated by means of X-ray and neutron diffraction. Up to now, no
Raman spectroscopy has been applied. This oxide is highly
Raman-active, thus the local structure can also be analyzed in terms
of vibrational spectroscopy. Micro-Raman spectroscopy carried out at
room temperature with different cation contents (x = 0, 0.33, 1, 2)
shows the continuous change from Na to Li by a superposition of the
modes for Na2Ti6O13 and Li2Ti6O13. The
only exceptions are two distinct modes. They appear either for Li
(118 cm
–1) or Na (135 cm
–1). The
results confirm the high-temperature phase stability of
Na2Ti6O13 as well as the anisotropic thermal expansion
of the unit cell seen by in situ X-ray powder diffraction
under two different gas atmospheres. Combining these results, we
suppose that the anisotropic thermal expansion of the lattice
parameters is affected by the normal vectors of the corresponding bond
vibrations in Na2Ti6O13 and
Li2Ti6O13. Crystalline-orbital calculations of the
Raman shifts of Li
x
Na2−x
Ti6O13were carried out for
the cation contents x = 0, 1, 2 and Raman modes were assigned to
specific bond vibrations supported by theory. Besides, this gives
additionally information about the Li/Na ratio in a new and simple
way.
Ionic Solutions Probed by Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering
Authors: Yin Zhong , Rajkovic Ivan , Thekku Veedu Sreevidya , Deinert Sascha , Raiser Dirk , Jain Rohit , Fukuzawa Hironobu , Wada Shin-ichi , Quevedo Wilson , Kennedy Brian , Schreck Simon , Pietzsch Annette , Wernet Philippe , Ueda Kyoshi , Föhlisch Alexander , Techert Simone
Published: August 2015

X-ray spectroscopy is a powerful tool to study the local charge
distribution of chemical systems. Together with the liquid jet it
becomes possible to probe chemical systems in their natural
environment, the liquid phase. In this work, we present X-ray
absorption (XA), X-ray emission (XE) and resonant inelastic X-ray
scattering (RIXS) data of pure water and various salt solutions and
show the possibilities these methods offer to elucidate the nature of
ion-water interaction.
A Media Violence-Inspired Juvenile Sexual Homicide Offender 13 Years Later
Authors: Myers WC , Eggleston CF , Smoak P
Published: August 2015

No follow-up studies exist on how minors who commit sexual homicides adjust once released back into the community. This is an important question given the extreme nature of their crimes, lack of recidivism data, and the expectation that one-half of them will be freed from prison by mid-life. Likewise, no studies exist on the role our culture's pervasive media violence plays in these offenses. This report describes a 13year-old boy who committed a witnessed media violence-inspired sexual homicide. Follow-up information is provided on his community adjustment as an adult four years after release from prison. He had multiple indicators of brain dysfunction, and watched a "slasher" film just before committing the blitz style crime upon a female neighbor. Media violence literature is reviewed-against a backdrop of developmental abnormalities, neuropsychiatric vulnerabilities, family dysfunction, and mental illness. This case illustrates how the confluence of such variables, combined with the tinder of erotic screen violence, may lead to sexual murder.
Management of Dynamic Biomedical Terminologies: Current Status and Future Challenges
Authors: Dos Reis J. C. , Pruski C. , Da Silveira M.
Published: August 2015

Objectives: Controlled terminologies and their dependent artefacts provide a consensual understanding of a domain while reducing ambiguities and enabling reasoning. However, the evolution of a domain’s knowledge directly impacts these terminologies and generates inconsistencies in the underlying biomedical information systems. In this article, we review existing work addressing the dynamic aspect of terminologies as well as their effects on mappings and semantic annotations.

Methods: We investigate approaches related to the identification, characterization and propagation of changes in terminologies, mappings and semantic annotations including techniques to update their content.

Results and conclusion: Based on the explored issues and existing methods, we outline open research challenges requiring investigation in the near future.
Dual effects of fibroblast growth factor 21 on hepatic energy metabolism
Authors: Samms Ricardo J , Murphy Michelle , Fowler Maxine J , Cooper Scott , Emmerson Paul , Coskun Tamer , Adams Andrew C , Kharitonenkov Alexei , Ebling Francis J P , Tsintzas Kostas
Published: August 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) affects hepatic integration of carbohydrate and fat metabolism in Siberian hamsters, a natural model of adiposity. Twelve aged matched adult male Siberian hamsters maintained in their long-day fat state since birth were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups and were continuously infused with either vehicle (saline;n=6) or recombinant human FGF21 protein (1 mg/kg per day;n=6) for 14 days. FGF21 administration caused a 40% suppression (P<0.05) of hepatic pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), the rate-limiting step in glucose oxidation, a 34% decrease (P<0.05) in hepatic acetylcarnitine accumulation, an index of reduced PDC flux, a 35% increase (P<0.05) in long-chain acylcarnitine content (an index of flux through β-oxidation) and a 47% reduction (P<0.05) in hepatic lipid content. These effects were underpinned by increased protein abundance of PD kinase-4 (PDK4, a negative regulator of PDC), the phosphorylated (inhibited) form of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC, a negative regulator of delivery of fatty acids into the mitochondria) and the transcriptional co-regulators of energy metabolism peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma co-activator alpha (PGC1α) and sirtuin-1. These findings provide novel mechanistic basis to support the notion that FGF21 exerts profound metabolic benefits in the liver by modulating nutrient flux through both carbohydrate (mediated by a PDK4-mediated suppression of PDC activity) and fat (mediated by deactivation of ACC) metabolism, and therefore may be an attractive target for protection from increased hepatic lipid content and insulin resistance that frequently accompany obesity and diabetes.
Regulation of Telomere Length Requires a Conserved N-Terminal Domain of Rif2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kaizer Hannah , Connelly Carla J , Bettridge Kelsey , Viggiani Christopher , Greider Carol W
Published: August 2015

The regulation of telomere length equilibrium is essential for cell growth and survival since critically short telomeres signal DNA damage and cell cycle arrest. While the broad principles of length regulation are well established, the molecular mechanism of how these steps occur is not fully understood. We mutagenized the RIF2 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to understand how this protein blocks excess telomere elongation. We identified an N-terminal domain in Rif2 that is essential for length regulation, which we have termed BAT domain for Blocks Addition of Telomeres. Tethering this BAT domain to Rap1 blocked telomere elongation not only in rif2Δ mutants but also in rif1Δ and rap1C-terminal deletion mutants. Mutation of a single amino acid in the BAT domain, phenylalanine at position 8 to alanine, recapitulated the rif2Δ mutant phenotype. Substitution of F8 with tryptophan mimicked the wild-type phenylalanine, suggesting the aromatic amino acid represents a protein interaction site that is essential for telomere length regulation.
Distribution extension and revised map of Erythrolamprus pygmaeus (Cope, 1868) (Serpentes: Dipsadidae)
Authors: Dal Vechio Francisco , Teixeira Jr. Mauro , Recoder Renato Sousa , De Sena Marco Aurélio , Souza Sergio Marques , Rodrigues Miguel Trefaut
Published: August 2015

We provide geographic data for the poorly known dipsadid Erythrolamprus pygmaeus, including the first record in Rondônia state, as well a new record in central Amazon at lower Purus River, Amazonas state. Additionally we review its distribution in Pará state.
The Discussion About the Family in Polish Newspapers and Magazines in the Second Half of the 19th and at the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Walasek Stefania
Published: August 2015

The aim of the article is to present the work for the family carried out at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. The reports, comments, and information included in the article show the beginnings of educational and pre-school institutions. They serve as a proof of the activity aimed at supporting the family undertaken by a part of the society of Poland.
Mitigation Practices to Effectively Overseed into Indaziflam-Treated Turfgrass Areas
Authors: Jeffries Matthew D. , Gannon Travis W. , Brosnan James T. , Breeden Gregory K.
Published: August 2015

Indaziflam is a PRE herbicide for annual broadleaf and grass control in turfgrass systems and requires a 40-wk minimum interval between application and overseeding perennial ryegrass. Currently, activated-charcoal application is recommended to reduce that interval; however, preliminary evaluations determined activated charcoal alone was not a robust mitigation practice for successful establishment during perennial ryegrass overseeding. Field research was conducted in North Carolina and Tennessee to evaluate various mitigation practices to effectively overseed perennial ryegrass into indaziflam-treated turfgrass areas. Immediately following indaziflam application (53 g ai ha−1), two scenarios were created by delivering 0 or 0.3 cm H2O before mitigation practice. Irrigated plots were air-dried before conducting mitigation practices. Evaluated mitigation practices included scalping (0.6 cm cut height; debris removed), verticutting (1.25 cm depth; debris removed), and activated-charcoal application (167 kg ha−1applied as an aqueous slurry in 3,180 L ha−1), evaluated individually and in each two-way combination in the order scalp followed by (fb) activated charcoal, scalp fb verticut, or verticut fb activated charcoal. Twenty-four hours after mitigation practice completion, perennial ryegrass was seeded (976 kg ha−1) and maintained as a golf course fairway. Overall, perennial ryegrass cover was reduced ≥ 93% at 8 and 20 wk after treatment (WAT) when no mitigation practices were performed. Stand-alone mitigation practices variably improved perennial ryegrass establishment; however, no practice provided acceptable results for end users. Combining mitigation practices improved overseeding establishment, most notably by adding activated charcoal application or verticutting to scalping before irrigation. Across experimental runs and locations, scalp fb activated-charcoal application before irrigation reduced perennial ryegrass cover 22 to 27% at 20 WAT. Results from this research suggest mitigation practices in addition to the currently recommended activated-charcoal application should be performed by turfgrass managers to improve perennial ryegrass overseeding establishment in indaziflam-treated turfgrass areas.
Sinfonia número quarenta
Authors: Carneiro Plínio
Published: August 2015

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Liturgia da palavra
Authors: Carvalho Antônio De Pádua Barreto
Published: August 2015

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O medo
Authors: Emediato Luiz Fernando De Souza
Published: August 2015

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