bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing teachers’ job satisfaction through the artificial intelligence utilization
Authors: Bhojak Nimesh P. , Momin Mohammadali , Jani Dhimen , Mathur Ashish
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This research paper investigates the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) among teachers in higher education (universities and colleges) in India and its impact on teaching activities. The study explores teachers’ perceptions, attitudes and the factors influencing the integration of AI in their teaching practices.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire-based survey was conducted involving 500 teachers in higher education (university and college) in India. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structure equation modeling.

Findings

The study addresses teachers’ expectations and attitudes toward AI integration in teaching practices. Results suggest that AI can potentially enhance teaching practices among teachers in higher education in India. The findings contribute to understanding AI adoption in teaching, providing insights for educational institutions and policymakers. Further research is recommended to validate the results across different regions and academic settings, leading to the development of strategies and support systems for successful AI implementation in teaching practices.

Originality/value

The originality of this research lies in its investigation of the integration of AI in college teaching practices among teachers in India. It contributes to the existing literature by exploring teachers’ perceptions, attitudes and the factors influencing the adoption of AI, providing valuable insights for educational institutions and policymakers in the Indian context.
Perception of Democracy and Women's Desire to Emigrate: Evidence From Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: I‐dé Dringa Sem , Otabela Nadege Ngah , Nga Ndjobo Patrick Marie
Published: February 2025

Perceptions of democracy remain an important determinant of people's migration choices in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Using cross‐sectional data on 42,224 individuals, 21,137 of whom were women, from 31 Sub‐Saharan African countries, this study examines the effect of women's perceptions of democracy on their desire to emigrate. The seemingly unrelated (SUR) bivariate probit method was used to analyze the data. This approach is used to deal with the potential endogeneity bias that arises when the dependent variable and the independent variable of interest are both endogenous and binary. The main finding of this study is that the more positive women's perceptions of democracy are, the less likely they are to want to emigrate. However, young women, educated women, and women who have experienced gender discrimination are more likely to want to emigrate. Consequently, Sub‐Saharan African countries need to strengthen the democratization process by ensuring the effective independence of democratic institutions, the separation of powers, and the protection of human rights. This would encourage women to remain in their countries of origin and contribute to a better understanding of the political sources of migration.
Transdermal Delivery of Baicalin Based on Bio‐Vesicles and Its Efficacy in Antiaging of the Skin
Authors: Chen Liang , Wang Fudi , Hu Xiaoyun , Li Nihong , Gao Ying , Xue Fengfeng , Xie Ling , Xie Min
Published: February 2025

Objective

To develop a stable and efficient delivery system for baicalin, a flavonoid with potential antioxidant and antiaging properties, to overcome its limitations in solubility, stability, and skin permeability.

Methods

Baicalin was encapsulated using ATP synthase molecular motor technology into bio‐vesicles derived from yeast/bacillus cell membranes, forming “motor baicalin” (MB). The liposome baicalin (LB), baicalin raw material (BRM), and bio‐vesicles were used for comparison. The stability, transdermal penetration, and antioxidant activity of MB, LB, BRM, and bio‐vesicles were evaluated through in vitro and in vivo tests.

Results

MB formed a stable core‐shell structure, significantly enhancing the water solubility and long‐term stability of baicalin. The tests confirmed superior transdermal penetration and antioxidant activity of MB, evidenced by increased expression of SOD, CAT, and GSH‐Px enzymes and improved cell proliferation and migration. Clinical trials demonstrated significant reductions in wrinkle depth and improvements in skin elasticity.

Conclusion

This study presents a promising approach to improving the stability and transdermal delivery of baicalin. MB showcases potent antioxidant and antiaging properties, making it a valuable component in skincare products.
Sign Languages in Healthy Aging Population: Review of Neurobehavioral Evidence
Authors: Malaia Evie A. , Krebs Julia
Published: February 2025

This work provides an overview of research on sign language changes observed in healthy aging signers. We first consider the effects of age on cognition, and the changes to neural structures and organization during aging, as both can be viewed as the processes underlying age‐related language changes in both sign and speech. We then review observational and experimental data on sign language processing in aging signers, where some of the more robust findings include reliance on the more canonic syntactic and lexical structures, as opposed to structures produced at the syntax‐pragmatics or semantics‐morphology interfaces. These findings are reviewed through the lens of several theories of brain aging, as we review the predictions that different frameworks make with respect to sign language, and discuss how sign language data can inform understanding of language change in healthy aging.
Influence of parametric modeling of tip winglets on the stable operating margin of the Stage 37 compressor
Authors: Zhong Jingjun , Wang Yuan , Wu Wanyang
Published: February 2025

In this study, a novel tip winglet structure was proposed and applied to NASA Stage 37, aiming to regulate leakage flow at the rotor tip while reducing additional weight caused by installing tip winglets. A parametric design approach was employed, providing general design guidelines for the parametric modeling of tip winglets. Tip winglet configurations were determined by adjusting the extension coefficient of the pressure surface and the contraction of the suction surface. By fixing the pressure surface extension coefficient and suction surface contraction amount, the effects of these parameters on the performance of the compressor were analyzed. The results indicated that the pressure-side tip winglet effectively weakened tip leakage vortex strength, reduced interference between shock wave and tip leakage vortex, lowered leakage flow rate, and increased the axial momentum of the leakage flow, thus expanding the main flow range. As the extension coefficient of the pressure-side tip winglet increased, the low-energy fluid blockage caused by tip leakage vortex fragmentation was gradually alleviated. Additionally, the tip winglet's regulation of the upstream rotor flow field reduced stator suction surface separation, thereby enhancing compressor efficiency. A moderate contraction of the tip winglet's suction surface improved the stabilizing effect of the tip winglet, whereas excessive contraction exacerbated suction surface separation. The pressure-side tip winglet configuration, with an extension coefficient of 6 and a suction surface contraction of 30%, increased the compressor's stable operating margin by 26.32% at the design speed.
Wetland methane feedback during the early Eocene hyperthermals
Authors: Chen Zuoling , Lü Peizong , Tang Zihua , Yang Shiling , Wang Xu , Cui Linlin , Fang Linhao , Ding Zhongli
Published: February 2025

The early Eocene was marked by a series of rapid global warming events known as hyperthermals, offering insights into the planet’s biogeochemical responses to extreme climate conditions. While increased terrestrial methane (CH4) cycling has been recorded during the Paleocene−Eocene thermal maximum (PETM; ca. 56 Ma), investigations into terrestrial CH4 cycle perturbations during subsequent smaller-magnitude hyperthermals have been lacking. Consequently, the question of whether all hyperthermals exhibited a common terrestrial CH4 feedback remains unanswered. The Fushun coal seam, a recently characterized expanded wetland deposit in northeast China, preserves records of four early Eocene hyperthermals, presenting a unique opportunity to study CH4 cycling responses to varying degrees of elevated warming. Here, we employed biomarkers to reconstruct wetland CH4 cycling within the terrestrial succession. Our findings indicate a significant strengthening of microbial CH4 cycling during all hyperthermals, as evidenced by a high 3β-methylhopane index and highly negative hopane δ13C values (<−45‰). These results suggest that wetland CH4 emissions possibly acted as a common positive feedback mechanism during each hyperthermal event, sustaining elevated temperature levels. Furthermore, our data suggest a scaling of methane-climate feedback with the magnitudes of carbon isotope excursions, with more dramatic carbon cycle perturbations likely amplifying CH4 cycle intensity and, consequently, CH4 fluxes.
Time is of the essence: an acute complete uterine torsion in a 27-week pregnancy
Authors: Meloche Claudia , Toubassy Roula , Gravelle Anne , McCoubrey David
Published: February 2025

Uterine torsion is a rare but critical obstetrical emergency that demands prompt diagnosis and intervention to optimise maternal and fetal outcomes. This case describes acute uterine torsion in a 27-week gestation patient, who presented with sudden onset abdominal pain and fetal distress. An emergency caesarean section was performed. A 360° levorotated uterus with a compromised lower segment was found. The uterus was rotated back to its anatomical position, and the fetus was delivered via a low vertical uterine incision. This report serves to increase awareness of uterine torsion as a differential diagnosis in obstetrical emergencies and provides a brief review of the literature on uterine torsion in a gravid uterus.
IgG4-related disease causing dacryoadenitis, bronchial stenosis and lobar collapse
Authors: Chan Jessica , Biddle Kathryn , Green Anna , Batista Craig , D’Cruz David
Published: February 2025

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare systemic fibroinflammatory disease that can affect almost any organ in the body. The most common sites of IgG4-RD include the salivary glands, orbits and lacrimal glands, pancreas, biliary tree, retroperitoneum and thyroid. Immunoglobulin G4-related lung disease (IgG4-RLD) can occur in isolation or as a component of multisystem disease. Its manifestations are heterogeneous and include lung cavitation, interstitial changes, pleural effusions and lung lesions.

We describe a patient with Ig4-RLD manifesting as bronchial stenosis and left upper lobe collapse.
Intramural pregnancy after in vitro fertilisation
Authors: Ko Jennifer K Y , Law Ming Chak , Chu Mandy M Y , Ng Ernest H Y
Published: February 2025

We present two cases of suspected intramural pregnancy after failed intervention for ‘miscarriage’ of an initially presumed normally sited pregnancy. The diagnosis of intramural pregnancy was assumed retrospectively after taking into consideration the whole clinical picture. These cases illustrate the difficulty in early diagnosis and further confirmation, and the need for a high index of suspicion in case of failed standard management for miscarriage.
Delayed onset of non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema following amlodipine overdose
Authors: Zambetti Luca Danilo , Parrish Andrew Graham
Published: February 2025

Amlodipine, a widely used antihypertensive medication, can cause serious complications in overdose, including hypotension, bradycardia, non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (NCPO) and death. This report describes a young adult woman who ingested 100 mg of amlodipine in a polypharmacy suicide attempt. Although she initially stabilised, she unexpectedly developed delayed NCPO 3 days post ingestion, requiring intubation and intensive care unit readmission. She recovered fully with supportive care and was discharged in good health. This case highlights the importance of prolonged monitoring and vigilance in managing long-acting calcium channel blocker overdoses, even when the initial clinical response appears satisfactory.
‘Involve those who are managing these outbreaks’: stakeholders’ perspectives on the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of clinical management guidelines for high-consequence infectious diseases in Uganda—a thematic network analysis
Authors: Kabajaasi Olive , Schilling Stefan , Akugizibwe Mathias , Horby Peter W , Hart Peter , Sigfrid Louise , Jacob Shevin T
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Prior research highlighting the complexity of clinical management guidelines’ (CMGs) implementation during high consequence infectious disease (HCID) outbreaks has suggested that limited access to treatments and equipment and substantial issues regarding availability, inclusivity, quality and applicability hinders the implementation of CMGs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This in-depth case study of Uganda—coincidentally occurring during the 2022 Sudan virus disease outbreak—aimed to explore contextual and supplementary factors which hinder or facilitate CMG development and implementation.

Methods

Between August and December 2022, 43 interviews were conducted with medical personnel, consultant physicians, case managers and Uganda Ministry of Health officials. Interviews were analysed using a thematic network analysis approach to visualise thematic codes in qualitative data and highlight inherent relationships between codes.

Results

Six thematic topics emerged as the main barriers to the implementation of CMGs during HCID outbreaks in Uganda: (1) deficient content and slow updates of CMGs; (2) scarce resources and healthcare disparities; (3) slow dissemination and limited access to guidelines; (4) improvisation of patient care (5) lack of training for healthcare workers (HCWs); and (6) limited pandemic preparedness and response infrastructure. Codes most strongly linked to facilitators and suggestions included: (1) HCW training in CMG implementation; (2) adequate resourcing; (3) involvement of personnel with prior HCID response experience in CMG development and (4) improvements in access to CMGs.

Conclusions

By illustrating linkages to resource constraints, healthcare disparities, and limited surveillance and referral infrastructure, our study displays how insufficient training, patchy dissemination and slow updating exacerbate many of the underlying difficulties for CMG implementation in LMIC contexts. Findings offer valuable insights for LMICs to improve HCID outbreak responses and inform implementation of CMGs in future HCID outbreaks, where evidence is often initially limited. Recommendations to enhance CMG implementation are provided.
Investigating a structured diagnostic approach for chronic breathlessness in primary care: a mixed-methods feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Doe Gillian , Clanchy Jill , Wathall Simon , Barber Shaun , Edwards Sarah A , Evans Helen , Jackson Darren , Armstrong Natalie , Steiner Michael C , Evans Rachael A
Published: February 2025

Background

There is a need to reduce delays to diagnosis for chronic breathlessness to improve patient outcomes.

Objective

To conduct a mixed-methods feasibility study of a larger cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) investigating a structured symptom-based diagnostic approach versus usual care for chronic breathlessness in primary care.

Methods

10 general practitioner practices were cluster randomised to a structured diagnostic approach for chronic breathlessness including early parallel investigations (intervention) or usual care. Adults over 40 years old at participating practices were eligible if presenting with chronic breathlessness without an existing explanatory diagnosis. The primary feasibility outcomes were participant recruitment and retention rate at 1 year. Secondary outcomes included number of investigations at 3 months, and investigations, diagnoses and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) at 1 year. Semistructured interviews were completed with patients and clinicians, and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Recruitment rate was 32% (48/150): 65% female, mean (SD) age 66 (11) years, body mass index 31.2 kg/m2(6.5), median (IQR) Medical Research Council dyspnoea 2 (2–3). Retention rate was 85% (41/48). At 3 months, the intervention group had a median (IQR) of 8 (7–9) investigations compared with 5 (3–6) investigations with usual care. 11/25 (44%) patients in the intervention group had coded diagnosis for breathlessness at 12 months compared with 6/23 (26%) with usual care. Potential improvements in symptom burden and quality of life were observed in the intervention group above usual care.

Conclusions

A cRCT investigating a symptom-based diagnostic approach for chronic breathlessness is feasible in primary care showing potential for timely investigations and diagnoses, with PROMs potentially indicating patient-level benefit. A further refined fully powered cRCT with health economic analysis is needed.
From insight to action: a qualitative study of the postpartum return to recreational exercise and sport in Ireland and the UK
Authors: Deery Elizabeth , Bonner Olivia , Faulkner Maria
Published: February 2025

Individuals who were active before and during pregnancy face significant barriers to return postpartum, and participation in exercise and sport often decreases significantly during this period. Evidence is beginning to emerge regarding elite athletes' experiences with returning to sport postpartum. Understanding the experiences of recreational participants is essential to improve wider participation postpartum. This qualitative study aimed to describe the experiences of those returning to recreational exercise or sport postpartum, and to identify actions to support such a return. 14 mothers from the UK and Ireland, participated in one-to-one interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using contemporary reflexive thematic analysis. Six themes were generated: (1) The challenging transition to motherhood, (2) Regaining, reclaiming and role modelling: motivators for returning, (3) Changed bodies and reframed minds: the experience and benefits of returning, (4) The mental load: adaptation, priorities, judgement and guilt, (5) Lack of appropriate knowledge and professional support and (6) Support, environment, culture and provision. Participants gave detailed accounts of the experience of returning to recreational exercise or sport postpartum. A list of actionable steps to support the return to recreational exercise and sport postpartum was generated from the data. These include the training of relevant professionals, the delivery of guidance during antenatal and postpartum care, the provision of opportunities to return postpartum and the embedding of policy to support such a return. The study provides actionable recommendations and future research directions to support postpartum mothers in resuming recreational exercise and sport.
Identification and functional characterisation of a novel DNASE1L3 variant (c.572A>G, p.Asn191Ser) in three Emirati families with systemic lupus erythematosus and hypocomplementaemic urticarial vasculitis
Authors: Aljaberi Najla , Bharathan Anjali , Gopal Remya Prajesh , Mohammed Ekhlass , Al Shibli Fatema , Tabouni Mohammed , Alhmoudi Sara , Kizhakkedath Praseetha , Baydoun Ibrahim , Allam Mushal , Mustafa Noor , Aljasmi Fatma , Al Dhaheri Afra , Alblooshi Hiba
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To evaluate the functional impact of a novelDNASE1L3variant (c.572A>G, p.Asn191Ser) in three families with SLE and hypocomplementaemic urticarial vasculitis (HUV) from the United Arab Emirates.

Methods

Whole-exome sequencing was performed on affected patients and findings were confirmed using Sanger sequencing in family members. DNASE1L3 protein expression, secretion and enzymatic activity were assessed in HEK293 cell lines. Plasma smear assay for neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was evaluated in patients, family members and healthy control.

Results

A total of seven patients diagnosed with both SLE and HUV were identified from three unrelated families. All affected individuals were found to carry a homozygous c.572A>G, p.Asn191Ser (191S) variant inDNASE1L3. The variant 191S was shown to impact the secretion and activity of DNASE1L3. Patients homozygous for 191S variant had significantly higher burden (p=0.0409) of NET structure in comparison to heterozygous and healthy control.

Conclusions

We functionally evaluated the effect of a novelDNASE1L3(c.572A>G, p.Asn191Ser) in familial SLE with a consistent pattern of HUV across seven patients. This variant resulted in impaired secretion and enzymatic activity of DNASE1L3 along with increased NETosis in patients with homozygous genotype.
Exploring 4200 Years of Mercury Variation in the Antlers of High-Arctic Wild Reindeer
Authors: Sato-Bajracharya Saria , Le Moullec Mathilde , Hansen Brage Bremset , Jenssen Bjørn Munro , Ciesielski Tomasz Maciej
Published: February 2025

Anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emissions and climate change are altering the global cycle of Hg. Levels of Hg in natural archives can help us understand not only the historical trends but also the future changes in different ecosystems, including the Arctic. In this study, we investigated the temporal variation of Hg across 4200 years in 78 antlers of the high-Arctic Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). Antler Hg concentrations were higher during the pre-1650 Anno Domini (AD) period compared to the post-1650 AD period. Thus, antler Hg concentrations did not reflect the increased environmental Hg levels caused by high anthropogenic activities during the past three centuries. Trabecular Hg concentrations tended to be higher during the Medieval Warm Period than during the Little Ice Age, as revealed by a post-hoc analysis conducted to explore the relationship between climatic variation and antler Hg concentrations. The overall mean (±SE) antler Hg concentration was generally low (5.29 ± 0.46 ng/g) compared to the present levels of Hg in various tissues of terrestrial Arctic ungulates. Combined with other paleo-archives, this millennial-scale study of Hg using antlers could provide insights into the temporal patterns and potential drivers of Hg variation in Arctic terrestrial ecosystems.
The relationship between bark substratum and conspecific biomass affecting hydration and drying rate of a lichen epiphyte (Platismatia glauca (L.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.)
Authors: Liew Y. Joe J. , Ellis Christopher J.
Published: February 2025

There is growing interest in the ecosystem roles contributed by “nonvascular photoautotrophs” (NVPs). This includes the biomass of epiphytic lichens and bryophytes, which can potentially absorb large amounts of atmospheric moisture (relative to their dry mass) therefore modifying hydrochemical pathways through the forest ecosystem. One further possibility is that NVP epiphytes can access moisture from, or at least have slower drying rates when in contact with, saturated bark surfaces. We tested this by comparing the drying rates for epiphytic lichen thalli positioned onto saturated bark of two types, with or without a conspecific biomass, relative to a free-drying control. We found little or no effect of saturated bark, but a strong effect of the conspecific biomass in slowing the thallus drying rate. The weak bark effect is possibly explained by the hydrophobic lower surface of the lichen species that was investigated ( Platismatia glauca (L.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.), which may act as a barrier to water uptake, and which may—contrary to our original hypothesis—slow bark surface drying. Although it seems highly plausible that bark–lichen hydrological interactions are important for incorporating NVPs into ecosystem models, the nature of these interactions may be more subtle than previously supposed, requiring further investigation.
Long-term biennial patterns in Puget Sound Chinook salmon and Southern Resident killer whales: the role of pink salmon and implications for ecosystem management
Authors: Ruggerone Gregory T , Lowe Larry , Binkley Keith , Mcdonnell Andrew
Published: February 2025

Pink salmon returning from the Pacific Ocean have reached record-high abundances, leading to adverse effects on numerous marine species, including Chinook salmon. In Puget Sound, Washington, odd-year abundances of pink salmon spawners tripled after 1997; few return in even-years. We used this extreme biennial pattern to search for corresponding patterns in natural-origin Chinook abundance and productivity that might also explain biennial mortality and births in Chinook-dependent Southern Resident killer whales (SRKW) that emerged during their decline after the 1997/1998 El Niño. In the Sultan River, Chinook spawners shifted upstream in odd-numbered years when sympatric pink salmon were abundant in the lower river and Chinook fry per redd declined. Since 1997, Puget Sound Chinook abundance averaged 34% less in odd- versus even-years, and was negatively correlated with pink abundance. These findings support the hypothesis that pink salmon reduced Chinook abundance and influenced the biennial patterns and decline of SRKW. Management actions to reduce the growing abundance of pink salmon, especially those reaching spawning grounds, could potentially benefit the recovery of ESA-listed Chinook salmon and SRKWs.
Impact of Different Cell Types on the Osteogenic Differentiation Process of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Zixin , Ren Lina , Li Zhengtao , Qiu Qingyuan , Wang Haonan , Huang Xin , Ma Dongyang
Published: February 2025

The skeleton is an important organ in the human body. Bone defects caused by trauma, inflammation, tumors, and other reasons can impact the quality of life of patients. Although the skeleton has a certain ability to repair itself, the current most effective method is still autologous bone transplantation due to factors such as blood supply and defect size. Modern medicine is attempting to overcome these limitations through cell therapy, with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) playing a crucial role. MSCs can be extracted from different tissues, and their differentiation potential varies depending on the source. Various cells and cell secretions can influence this process. This article, based on previous research, reviews the effects of macrophages, endothelial cells (ECs), nerve cells, periodontal cells, and even some bacteria on MSC osteogenic differentiation, aiming to provide a reference for multicell coculture strategies related to osteogenesis.
Research on Chaotic Threshold of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator With Fractional‐Order Time‐Delay Feedback
Authors: Fu Xin , Yan Hongbo , Ai Chaohui , Wang Jianxin
Published: February 2025

To reduce the giant magnetostrictive actuator’s (GMA) irregular vibration caused by system parameter changes, we innovatively apply fractional‐order time‐delay feedback to control bifurcation and chaos in the GMA’s nonlinear dynamics. The GMA dynamic equation with feedback control is established using the quadratic domain rotation model, the Jiles–Atherton model, and the structural dynamic. First, the concepts of equivalent stiffness and damping are introduced to deal with the feedback control term. Second, using the Melnikov method, the threshold condition for the controlled system to enter the Smale horseshoe chaos is established, and a numerical solution verifies the accuracy of the analytical solution. Finally, the influence of excitation frequency, damping coefficient, and control parameters on the chaotic threshold of the system is studied by numerical simulation. The results show that complex motion patterns, including jump, period‐doubling bifurcation, and chaos behavior, will occur when the system parameters are improperly chosen. After introducing the controller, the bifurcation and chaos phenomena of the system can be effectively eliminated. By adequately adjusting the feedback parameters, the system’s vibration displacement response can be adjusted from chaotic to stable periodic motion.
Tumor Suppressors Condition Differential Responses to the Selective CDK2 Inhibitor BLU-222
Authors: Dommer Adam P. , Kumarasamy Vishnu , Wang Jianxin , O'Connor Thomas N. , Roti Michelle , Mahan Sidney , McLean Karen , Knudsen Erik S. , Witkiewicz Agnieszka K.
Published: February 2025

CDK2 inhibitors have recently been developed and entered clinical trials. Combination approaches can help broaden the use of therapeutic agents and establish more effective treatments. Here, we evaluated the selective CDK2 inhibitor BLU-222 for mechanisms of response in the context of ovarian and breast cancer models. Sensors of cellular CDK activity indicated that sensitivity to either CDK4/6 or CDK2 inhibition was related to the differential dependence on a single CDK for G1/S transition. Unlike CDK4/6 inhibitors, BLU-222 was able to robustly inhibit proliferation through cell cycle inhibition in both G1 and G2 phases. However, it remained possible for cells to re-enter the cell cycle upon drug withdrawal. The anti-proliferative strength and impact on G1/S versus G2/M accumulation was mediated by the RB tumor suppressor. To broaden the sensitivity to CDK2 inhibition, combinatorial drug screens were performed that identified both synergistic (e.g., CDK4/6 inhibitors) and antagonistic (e.g., WEE1 inhibitors) relationships. Models that were exceptionally sensitive to CDK2 inhibition displayed coordinate expression of cyclin E1 and P16INK4A, an endogenous CDK4/6 inhibitor. Functional studies demonstrated that P16INK4A and CDK4/6 activity were key mediators of sensitivity to BLU-222. Clinical gene and protein expression analysis revealed a positive correlation between cyclin E1 and P16INK4A and identified that ~25% of ovarian cancers exhibited coordinate expression of cyclin E, P16INK4A, and RB, indicative of strong sensitivity to CDK2 inhibition. Together, this work advances a precision strategy for the use of CDK2 inhibitors in the context of ovarian and breast cancers.
Factors associated with cognitive impairment among adults of 55 years and older in Cameroon (Sub-Saharan African)
Authors: Simo-Tabue Nadine , Magnerou Mélanie Annick , Mounsamy Ludwig , Metamno Salvatore , Letchimy Laurys , Dartigues Jean-François , Kuate-Tegueu Callixte , Tabué-Teguo Maturin
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a major cause of dependency in older people. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with severe cognitive decline, as assessed by the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), in community-dwelling adults aged 55+ in Cameroon.
Method: Data are from a cross-sectional survey carried out in Cameroon. The Cognitive status was assessed using the MMSE and a score of 18/30 or lower is considered as a proxy of severe cognitive decline
Result: A total of 403 adults participated in the study. Of these, 16 (3.9%) had an MMSE score <18 and were considered to have cognitive impairment. The rate of severe cognitive decline increased with rising age, from 2.1% in those aged 55 to 64 years, to 3.3% in those aged 65 to 74, and 11% in those aged 75 and older. The factors associated with cognitive impairment (MMSE score <18) by multivariate analysis in our population are level of education (OR 0.10 (95%CI 0.02 - 0.37), p<0.01), body mass index (OR 0.88 (95%CI 0.78–0.99), p=0.03). and IADL score (OR 0.12 (95%CI 0.03 – 0.38), p<0.001).
Conclusion: The three main factors associated with cognitive impairment were education, IADL(Instrumental Activities of Dailing Living) dependency and BMI (Body Mass Index). This study shows that among older people in sub-Saharan Africa, the effect of BMI, IADL dependency and education on cognitive function appears similar to that observed in middle- and high-income countries.
Description of a new species of the Meganola tenebrosa (Hampson, 1896) species-group from China (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Nolidae)
Authors: YU YONG , XU WEN , HUANG ZHENFU , HU YANQING
Published: February 2025

The paper describes a new species Meganola lufengensis Yu & Hu, sp. nov. from Yunnan province, China. The species Meganola suffusata (Wileman & West, 1929) is recorded from Chinese mainland for the first time. Detailed illustrations of adults and genitalia are provided.
Description of a new species of Marsipococcus Cockerell & Bueker (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from China, with a key to all the species
Authors: DENG MIN , WATSON GILLIAN W. , XING JICHUN
Published: February 2025

The adult female and adult male of a new species of Marsipococcus, M. maolanensis Deng, Watson & Xing, sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), are described and illustrated from Guizhou Province, China, on Bridelia retusa (Phyllanthaceae). A key is given to all five species in the genus.
Indo-Finnish Relationship in a Historical Perspective: Indian Responses to the Winter War 1939–40 and the Continuation War 1941–44
Authors: Gronow Tito
Published: February 2025

This article highlights India’s evolving nationalist foreign policy through its views on Finland. Using Indian English-language newspapers, writings from Freedom Movement leaders and British Indian civil service reports, it explores the relationship between India and Finland from 1939 to 1945. Despite geographical and political distance, both nations shared aspirations for freedom from foreign rule during a transformative period in global politics. Indian independence efforts ranged from constitutional methods to armed and revolutionary struggles. Foreign political ideas of the Indian independence movement were generally evolving during the 1930s and 1940s. Nationalist leaders—Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose—held different positions on Finland. Indian nationalists' engagement in the anti-imperialist movement shaped their perspectives on the Soviet Union and Finland. In addition, Indian positioning towards rising military blocks in Europe had an impact on its positions on Finland. This article sheds light on an under-researched aspect of India’s independence movement—the relationship between India and Finland. Their interactions during World War II reflected broader ideological influences, including nationalism, socialism and anti-imperialism. Moreover, India’s position on Finland anticipated its future foreign policy, emphasizing non-alignment, which later became a cornerstone of the future foreign policy of independent India.
Impact of cross-modal priming using emotional music on facial emotion recognition among autistic children
Authors: Xu Fengrui , Ding Xiaoyue , Zhang Gong-Liang , Liu Dianzhi , Liu Jingyi , Shu Deming
Published: February 2025

To examine the impact of music as a cross-modal prime on facial emotion recognition ability in autistic children, this study compares the priming effect of music with that of faces as an intramodal prime and nonverbal sounds as the same cross-modal prime. The response time and accuracy of facial emotion recognition (happy and sad) were compared among 21 neurotypical children and 17 autistic children under various priming stimuli. A data analysis revealed that autistic children exhibited worse recognition of facial emotional expressions and demonstrated longer reaction time than neurotypical children. Unlike the other two stimuli (facial expressions and nonverbal sounds), music as a cross-modal prime resulted in slightly higher response accuracy for emotionally congruent conditions compared with emotionally incongruent conditions among autistic children. Furthermore, reaction time was significantly prolonged under emotionally congruent conditions than under emotionally incongruent conditions. This suggests that autistic children demonstrate a greater propensity to allocate additional time to improve the accuracy of their judgments under congruent conditions compared with incongruent conditions. Therefore, music intervention has significant potential for supporting autistic children to empathize with faces by playing emotionally congruent music and improving their facial emotion recognition abilities.
Crossover Voting Rates in Partisan and Nonpartisan Elections: Evidence From Cast Vote Records
Authors: Dowling Conor M. , Miller Michael G. , Morris Kevin T.
Published: February 2025

We provide the first examination of the extent to which voters cast ballots for copartisan candidates in nonpartisan elections using cast vote record (CVR) data. These records permit direct observation of whether demonstrably partisan voters vote for copartisan candidates at the same rate in partisan and nonpartisan local elections. We find that voters classified as partisan based on their vote choices in federal/state elections cast ballots for candidates—whose partisanship we ascertain based on their primary election voting records—from the opposing party at higher rates in nonpartisan compared to partisan elections. We also find that partisan voters appear to respond to the race and gender of the candidates, but those heuristics do not always line up in the predicted partisan manner for voters. These results suggest that many voters cast ballots in nonpartisan elections that they may not have otherwise with more complete partisan information about the candidates.
Comparison between arm port and chest port: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wei Jianjian , Yin Wen , Yan Hongxia , Zhang Yue , Wang Chunmeng , He Fang
Published: February 2025

Objective:

This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of arm ports (APs) and chest ports (CPs) in clinical practice.

Methods:

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials, and retrospective studies were searched in both English and Chinese databases, encompassing PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Database, and SinoMed up to November 27, 2023. Data analysis was performed using Stata 15.0.

Results:

Seventeen studies, including two RCTs, three cohort studies, and twelve case-control studies, were finally included, involving a total of 4168 participants, with 2151 participants in the CP group and 2017 in the AP group. The meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference between CP and AP in the incidence rates of infections [OR = 0.98, 95% CI (0.68, 1.41)], catheter occlusion[OR = 0.95, 95% CI (0.55, 1.64)], thrombosis [OR = 0.85, 95% CI (0.60, 1.21)], exudation [OR = 1.32, 95% CI (0.52, 3.36)], fibrin sheath [OR = 1.68, 95% CI (0.46, 6.19)], catheter malposition [OR = 0.62, 95% CI (0.30, 1.29)], fracture[OR = 1.84, 95% CI (0.49, 6.96)], pneumothorax [OR = 5.73, 95% CI (0.94, 35.11)], and malfunction [OR = 1.87, 95% CI (0.65, 5.42)].

Conclusion:

This study reveals no significant differences in the incidence of infections, catheter occlusion, thrombosis, exudation, fibrin sheath, catheter malposition, fracture, pneumothorax, and malfunction between the two implanted venous access ports. Thus, it can be concluded that AP is as safe as CP.
Association between physical activity and physical health in German children and adolescents - results from the MoMo Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kolb Simon , Burchartz Alexander , Klos Leon , Jekauc Darko , Niessner Claudia , Woll Alexander
Published: February 2025

Background

Adequate physical activity is essential to maintain and improve physical health, including in adolescents and young adults. A significant part of physical activity is sports activity. However, few longitudinal studies cover the transition from adolescence to early adulthood. Therefore, the aim is to assess how the maintenance or a change in sports activity during this transition relates to physical fitness, BMI, and recurrent pain.

Methods

Data of 947 adolescents aged 11 - 17 years (53 % girls) from the Momo baseline (2003 - 2006) that were followed up at MoMo Wave 1 (2009 - 2012) were used. Sports activity was categorized (> 240 min/wk sports activity vs.

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≤

240 min/wk) and change patterns over time were calculated (maintain active, maintain passive, increasing, decreasing). Separate ANOVAs were used to analyze the difference in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), push-ups, standing long jump, and BMI at wave 1 between the sports activity groups. A logistic regression was used to assess the difference in the occurrence of recurrent headaches at wave 1 between groups. All analyses were controlled for sex and age, and post-Hoc-Tests were conducted where applicable.

Results

The analysis revealed significant differences between the activity groups at the follow-up for CRF (F(3, 502) = 13.65, p < .001), push-ups (F(3, 599) = 10.45, p < .001), and standing long jump (F(3, 601) = 12.03, p < .001). There were no significant differences in BMI between the groups (F(3, 610) = 0.08, p = .970). The odds for the low active group were two times higher to report recurrent headaches at the second measure compared to the consistently active ones.

Conclusion

Participating in sports regularly from adolescence to early adulthood is associated with the strongest health benefits. Nevertheless, those who were less active initially but increased their sports activity had similar health outcomes, highlighting the importance of sports activity as part of a healthy lifestyle in young adulthood.
Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15 A (PPP1R15A) promoted the progression of gastric cancer by activating cell autophagy under energy stress
Authors: Cui Yingnan , Cao Xueyuan , Zhang Yangyu , Fu Chenhao , Li Dongming , Sun Yuanlin , Zhang Yuzheng , Xu Tingshuang , Tsukamoto Tetsuya , Cao Donghui , Jiang Jing
Published: February 2025

Background

Glucose metabolism plays a critical role in tumor progression. When glucose intake is insufficient and the tumor’s growth rate exceeds its energy supply, tumor cells typically adapt and overcome the energy stress through compensatory mechanisms to maintain the survival of tumor cells, which may also be related to tumor recurrence or metastasis.

Methods

Different concentrations of glucose were selected as the basis for the energy stress model of gastric cancer. Then CCK-8 and flow cytometry were used to detect its effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by RNA sequencing and the regulated pathways were identified by gene set enrichment analysis. The regulatory relationship between the gene PPP1R15A and its transcription factor JUN was proved by ChIP-qPCR and dual-luciferase reporter assay. The gain and loss of function assays were conducted to examine the effects of PPP1R15A under energy stress in vivo and in vitro. Potential regulatory mechanisms of PPP1R15A were further analyzed through a combination of online databases, RNA sequencing, and metabolite sequencing. The regulation of PPP1R15A on cell autophagy under energy stress was detected by western blot, transmission electron microscope, mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus and laser scanning confocal microscopy.

Results

PPP1R15A and the transcription factor JUN were significantly upregulated by glucose deprivation (0 mM vs. 25 mM), JUN combined with the promoter of PPP1R15A and activated its expression. Both PPP1R15A and JUN were highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and were independent risk factors for prognosis in the gastric cancer cohort. Overexpression of PPP1R15A promoted cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, and was involved in cell cycle arrest. Further RNA and metabolite sequencing suggested that PPP1R15A was associated with cell autophagy. In vitro experiments confirmed that both glucose deprivation and overexpression of PPP1R15A promoted the biosynthesis of autolysosome and autophagosome, and activated the cleavage of LC3 complex in gastric cancer cells. Moreover, PPP1R15A knockdown inhibited cell autophagy induced by glucose deprivation.

Conclusions

PPP1R15A sustained the survival of gastric cancer cells by regulating autophagy under energy stress to resist or adapt to harsh environments.
Intraoperative hemodynamic management in abdominal aortic surgery guided by the Hypotension Prediction Index: the Hemas multicentric observational study
Authors: Giustiniano Enrico , Nisi Fulvio , Ferrod Federica , Lionetti Giulia , Viscido Cristina , Reda Antonio , Piccioni Federico , Buono Gabriella , Cecconi Maurizio
Published: February 2025

Background

Intraoperative hypotension (IOH) during non-cardiac surgery is closely associated with postoperative complications. Hypotensive events are more likely during major open vascular surgery. We prospectively investigated whether our institutional algorithm of cardiocirculatory management, which included the Hypotension Prediction Index (HPI), a predictive model of hypotension of the Hemosphere™ platform (Edwards Lifescience, Irwin, CA, USA), was able to reduce the incidence and severity of intraoperative hypotension during open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Methods

A multi-center observational study was conducted at IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital (Milan) and AO Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital (Turin) between July 2022 and September 2023, enrolling patients undergoing elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. A hemodynamic protocol based on the Acumen-HPI Hemosphere™ platform was employed, integrating advanced parameters (e.g., HPI, Ea-dyn, dP/dt) and tailored interventions to minimize intraoperative hypotension. The primary endpoint was cumulative intraoperative hypotension time < 10% of surgical time, with secondary endpoints including incidence of hypotensive events, time-weighted averages of MAP < 65 mmHg (TWA65) and < 50 mmHg (TWA50), and postoperative complications.

Results

We enrolled 53 patients submitted to open abdominal aortic repair. The primary endpoint (time in hypotension < 10%) was successfully reached: 5 [1–10] %. The targeted time-weighted average (< 0.40 mmHg) both for MAP < 65 mmHg (TWA65) and MAP < 50 mmHg (severe hypotension; TWA50) were reached: TWA65 = 0.26 [0.04–0.65] mmHg and TWA50 = 0.00 [0.00–0.01].

Conclusions

Our hemodynamic management algorithm based on the HPI and other parameters of the Hemosphere™ platform was able to limit the incidence and severity of intraoperative hypotension during open abdominal aortic repair.

Trial registration

NCT05478564.
Effectiveness of helfer skin tap technique on pain among infants undergoing intramuscular vaccination – A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sahoo Smruti Pragyan , Das Dr.Niyati , Sahoo Purnima , Bhaktiswarupa S
Published: February 2025

Background Pain management during the vaccination of infants is a challenge for healthcare professionals. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Helfer skin tap technique on pain among infants undergoing intramuscular vaccination. Methods This study adopted a randomized controlled trial with a post-test control design. It was conducted in the Immunization clinic, Pediatric department of Pradyumna Bal Memorial Hospital, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. A total of 62 infants participated in this study, with 31 each in the experimental and control groups. By random allocation, participants were randomized to an experimental group that received the Helfer skin tap technique. The control group received the standard injection technique during Penta or Hexaxim intramuscular vaccination. Data was collected using a self-structured questionnaire and the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) The Outcome Variables were pain level in terms of cry, facial expression, breathing patterns, positioning of arms and legs, and state of arousal. Results Significant changes were observed in the mean pain score of the control group (6.55 ± 1.028) and experimental group (5.52 ± 1.411), with a mean difference of 1.032 and a p-value of 0.002. In addition to this, 29% of infants in the experimental group experienced the worst pain, compared to 74.2% of infants in the control group. Conclusion According to study results, the Helfer skin tapping was successful in lowering pain thresholds.