bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Conquista del Desierto, Confianza y el Principio de Proximidad
Authors: Truccone-Borgogno Santiago
Published: June 2021

Luego de la Conquista del Desierto, el Estado argentino impuso su ordenamiento institucional a los miembros sobrevivientes de varias comunidades indígenas. De este modo, sus instituciones fueron desplazadas. Esta es una injusticia histórica cuya reparación, en aquel tiempo, requería la restauración de la vigencia de las instituciones indígenas. Sin embargo, no estamos más en 1885 y muchas circunstancias han cambiado. Muchas personas indígenas y no indígenas viven en las mismas ciudades, tienen intereses en las mismas porciones de tierra, e interactúan entre ellos en innumerables formas. Por lo tanto, debe analizarse si, bajo estas condiciones, los reclamos indígenas por recuperar su soberanía siguen siendo válidos. En este trabajo argumentaré que, debido a cambios en las circunstancias, estos reclamos tienen menos fuerza que en el pasado. Por lo tanto, la injusticia histórica no puede ser reparada del mismo modo que en 1885. No obstante, dada la historia de opresión a la que los indígenas han sido sometidos, el sistema institucional de Argentina tiene que ser reformado de manera tal que su aplicación sobre ellos sea legítima. Propongo tres medidas que contribuyen a conseguir dicho objetivo, a saber, el autogobierno para asuntos internos, la representación en el Senado y el cambio institucional por mayoría simple.
Conselho federal de enfermagem no transcurso da COVID-19: comunicação digital í luz da teoria habermasiana
Authors: A. de Sá Barreto Marinho Mirna Neyara , Bezerra Duarte Rafael , Barros Bezerra Ana Karoline , Ribeiro de Castro Júnior André , de Alencar Olga Maria , Ferreira da Silva Maria Rocineide
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Analisar as matérias publicadas pelo Conselho Federal de Enfermagem no transcurso da pandemia COVID-19 í  luz da teoria da ação comunicativa habermasiana. Método: Estudo documental qualitativo, realizado durante o perí­odo de maio a julho de 2020, utilizando-se como fonte primária as notí­cias relacionadas í  pandemia publicadas pela autarquia. O material foi organizado através da análise de conteúdo temática e discutido com base na teoria e literatura relacionada í  temática. Resultados: O conselho produziu materiais notas técnicas como instrumentos norteadores aos profissionais e aprovou resoluções e normativas. A atuação do sistema esteve focada na aquisição e distribuição de equipamentos de proteção por intermédio dos regionais, ações judiciais, criação do observatório e de um canal de apoio emocional aos profissionais. Conclusão: Priorizou-se uma comunicação com sensibilização e conhecimento aos profissionais de enfermagem, empoderando-os nos processos de trabalho no contexto pandêmico.
Desafios da educação permanente na atenção primária í saúde: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Roberta Dantas Silva Renata , Santana Santos Thaiane , Tenório Ramos Willamis , do Socorro Claudino Barreiro Maria , Barbosa Mendes Rosemar , Alves Cartaxo Freitas Carla Kalline
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Analisar, nas publicações cientí­ficas, os desafios enfrentados no processo de implementação das práticas de educação permanente na atenção primária í  saúde. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizado a partir da seleção de artigos publicados nas bases de dados LILACS e SciELO e entre os anos de 2010 a 2020. Resultados: Foram encontrados 450 artigos. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 10 artigos para análise. Os resultados possibilitaram evidenciar que as ações de Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS) na atenção primária são equivalentes í  educação continuada. Entre os desafios existentes na efetivação da educação permanente destacam-se a sobrecarga de trabalho, rotatividade, baixa adesão e descaracterização das diretrizes pelos gestores. Conclusão: Ressalta-se a importância da Educação Permanente em Saúde como movimento de aprendizagem significativa, de aproximação do ensino-serviço e qualificação das práticas no âmbito dos serviços públicos de saúde.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF TECHNICAL MEANS OF COUNTERACTION VIRAL THREATS BASED ON COLD PLASMA
Authors: Нгуен Куок Ши , Болнокин В.Е.
Published: June 2021

Работа посвящена изложению результатов системного анализа и разработки, основанных на применении холодной плазмы, технических средств противодействия вирусным угрозам. Рассмотрены различные уровни и средства противодействия угрозам, приведен анализ распространения вирусных популяций определенных уровней.

The work is devoted to the presentation of the results of system analysis and development, based on the use of cold plasma, of technical means to counteract viral threats. Various levels and means of countering threats are considered, and the analysis of the spread of virus populations of certain levels is given. The main place is occupied by the description of the application of cold plasma technologies for the purpose of viral disinfection and countering the spread of viruses in various environments. The results of practical field experiments are presented.
Implementation of Local Area Network (LAN) & Build a Secure LAN System for BAEC Head Quarter
Authors: Osman Goni  , Abu Shameem
Published: June 2021

Network security is the process of taking physical and software preventative measures to protect the underlying networking infrastructure from unauthorized access, misuse, malfunction, modification, destruction, or improper disclosure, thereby creating a secure platform for computers, users, and programs to perform their permitted critical functions within a secure environment. A local area network (LAN) is a computer network within a small geographical area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, office building or group of buildings. A LAN is composed of inter-connected workstations and personal computers which are each capable of accessing and sharing data and devices, such as printers, scanners and data storage devices, anywhere on the LAN. LANs are characterized by higher communication and data transfer rates and the lack of any need for leased communication lines. A data network is an interconnected system of computers, peripherals and software over which data files and messages are sent and received. LAN is only one type of computer network. LAN define is Data com system allowing a number of independent devices to communicate directly with each other, within a moderately sized geographic area over a physical communications channel of moderate data rates. Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of infrared light through an optical fiber. The light is a form of carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. Fiber is preferred over electrical cabling when high bandwidth, long distance, or immunity to electromagnetic interference is required. This type of communication can transmit voice, video, and telemetry through local area networks or across long distances. Optical fiber is used by many telecommunications companies to transmit telephone signals, Internet communication, and cable television signals. Researchers at Bell Labs have reached a record bandwidth distance product of over 100 petabit × kilometers per second using fiber optic communication. Communication between remote parties can be achieved through a process called Networking, involving the connection of computers, media and networking devices. When we talk about networks, we need to keep in mind three concepts, distributed processing, network criteria and network structure. The purpose of this Network is to design a Local Area Network (LAN) for a BAEC (Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission) Head Quarter and implement security measures to protect network resources and system services. To do so, we will deal with the physical and logical design of a LAN. The goal of this Network is to examine of the Local Area Network set up for a BAEC HQ and build a secure LAN system.

Keywords: LAN, Secure LAN, BTCL, UTP, RJ-45, Bandwidth, Wavelength, ISP, Firewall, BAEC
International Migration: Key Factors and Main Consequences
Authors: Drbohlav Dušan
Published: June 2021

The article deals with international migration. Two basic topics from this broad theme are examined: 1) The key determinants of international migration movements and other factors and barriers which influence the character of such processes; 2) positive and negative aspects which are at any time typical of emigration and/or immigration societies. The analysis is largely based on rich sources of literature. Though being generally oriented, it puts a bit more stress on the European reality.
Reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors mutational viral load in HIV infected pregnant women with transmitted drug resistance in Argentina
Authors: Cecchini Diego , Sfalcin Javier , Zapiola Inés , Gómez Alan , Fernández Giuliano Silvina , Mammana Lilia , Seravalle Analía , Rodríguez Claudia , Fay Fabian , Bouzas María Belén ,   Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Argerich, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Published: June 2021

Objective. Argentina has reported high levels of transmitted drug resistance (TDR), in HIV-infected pregnant women by population sequencing. We aimed to describe, in patients with TDR, the percentage of quasispecies harboring resistance mutations (RAMs) and mutational load (ML). Patients and Methods. Retrospective study in a cohort of 40 naïve HIV-infected pregnant women, whose pretreatment samples had been genotyped by TRUGENE (period 2008-2014). Samples were re-sequenced with Ultra-deep Sequencing and ML was calculated considering baseline HIV-1 RNA load multiplied by the frequency of quasispecies harboring RAMs. Results. TDR for NNRTIs, NRTIs and PIs was 17.5% (n=7 patients), 10% (n=4), 12.5% (n=5) respectively. Predominant NNRTI RAMs were K103N (n=4; 10%) and G190A/E/S (n=3; 7.5%). For NNRTIs, 78% of RAMs were present in >93.5% of viral population and ML was >1000 copies/mL (c/mL) for 89%, with a median (IQR) of 8330 c/ml (7738-29796). The following NRTI RAMs were described (per patient: % of quasispecies, ML): T215I (99.7%, 11014 c/ml); D67G (1.28%, 502 c/mL); M41L (79.8%, 88578 c/mL) and M184I (1.02%, 173 c/mL). Most frequent PI-RAMs were I85V, M46I, I50V and L90M (n=2, 5% each). For PIs, quasispecies with RAMs were <2.3% of viral population and ML was <350 c/mL for 77.8% of them. Conclusion. NNRTI-RAMs are predominant within the viral population, usually exceeding the threshold of 1000 c/mL, indicating potential higher risk of perinatal transmission. Conversely, PI mutations appear mostly as minority variants, with potential lower risk of transmission. Among NRTI, quasispecies harboring RAMs and ML values were variable.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF UNDERGROUND PARKING SPACE: THE EXAMPLE OF MOSCOW
Authors: Anishchenko  , Belyaev V.L.
Published: June 2021

The article reveals the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies for the mechanized construction of underground parking, which are used in the leading capitals of the world and offers an analysis of the effectiveness of these technologies for the conditions of Moscow. Among the most commonly used trenchless technologies, parking is considered in mines arranged by mechanized shaft-boring complexes, the construction of support by the method of a screen of pipes and the construction of parking by the method of jackpunching pipes of rectangular cross-section.
SELF-STORAGE FACILITIES AS AN INNOVATIVE PRODUCT OF THE RUSSIAN ARCHITECTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION COMPLEX
Authors: Barashev M. N. , Dvornikova M. I.
Published: June 2021

The paper considers self-storage facilities as a new product for the Russian architectural and construction complex. Its potential consumers have been identified. The indicators of development of Europe self-storage market are analyzed. The Moscow experience is described. The main drivers of the industry’s growth are identified based on the analysis of the housing commissioning structure in Russia.
FORMATION OF THE INFORMATION SECURITY POLICY OF THE COUNTRY AND ITS REGIONS
Authors: Boychenko O.V. , Ivanyuta D.V.
Published: June 2021

The article, based on the statistical data of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for January — December 2020, substantiates the need for research aimed at developing new approaches to ensuring the information security of the country and its regions and the formation of an appropriate information security policy. The main approaches in the field of modern specifics of ensuring information security of the country and its regions were analyzed, the main principles of ensuring information security of the country were studied in terms of carrying out subsequent events aimed at optimizing the directions of the regional information security policy, as well as clarifying and specifying the objectives of the federal policy in the field of ensuring regional information security.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO MONITORING AND MANAGING STAFF TURNOVER IN HEAT SUPPLY COMPANIES
Authors: Verna V.V. , Hoyna M. N.
Published: June 2021

The article considers the essence of staff turnover and its impact on the functioning of the organization of the heat supply industry in modern conditions. An analytical approach is proposed using functional cost analysis (hereinafter referred to as FСA) in order to monitor staff turnover at a heat supply company. On the basis of the FСA, the costs of performing the labor functions of an engineer for the organization, operation and repair of an enterprise engaged in the provision of services for heating and hot water supply are analyzed. According to the results of the study revealed excessive and unusual office functions proposed measures to change the duties of the employee to reduce workload for the position, indirectly contributing to the reduction of staff turnover in this position and allowing to increase the employee satisfaction employment within the organization and, consequently, increase the efficiency of the organization and the level of its competitiveness. A list of indicators reflecting the level of staff turnover in the organization is proposed. The relevance of the implementation of the personnel turnover monitoring system in the organization is justified.
Prácticas pedagógicas que promueven la oralidad en niños menores de tres años
Authors: Rincón Wilches Claudia Marcela
Published: June 2021

El articulo presenta los aprendizajes y cambios a los que van accediendo a través de la reflexión sistemática dos maestras principiantes de Educación Infantil que trabajan en el campo del lenguaje en su modalidad oral, con niños menores de tres años. El estudio longitudinal se desarrolla desde el paradigma interpretativo, bajo una perspectiva cualitativa y retoma como datos las transcripciones de diez encuentros semanales de reflexión compartida desarrollados por las maestras durante tres ciclos a lo largo de un año. Las maestras hacen parte del equipo de docentes de la Escuela Maternal de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional en Bogotá, Colombia.
Design Improvement of the Mechanism of Delimbing by Multi-Operational Forest Machines
Authors:   Volga State University of Technology, Rukomojnikov Konstantin P. , Kuptcova Viktoriia O.
Published: June 2021

The principles of increasing the use of modern multifunctional forest machines (harvesters and processors) for felling and delimbing in Russia and abroad are currently becoming more widespread and deserve increased attention from esearchers. The results of the studies performed made it possible to identify a wide range of constructive solutions of technological equipment interesting in the opinion of the authors of the publication and to develop a new technical solution. The idea of creating an additional shock load by the working body of multifunctional forest machines for delimbing during the processing of a tree trunk is one of the most effective options for the development of additional cutting force, allowing to facilitate the operation of the device. The proposed method involves delimbing the trunk by pulling rollers and is a combination of the operation of standard delimbing knives together with the gripping arms and a reciprocating delimbing knife that complements the design. The use of compressed air energy provides the reciprocating motion of the knife, creating a new principle of the cutting mechanism for this design. The article describes in detail the design of the device, its operation, as well as options for the interaction of individual technological elements. The implementation of the proposed idea will make it possible to introduce harvester and processor heads into the forestry sector, facilitating the operation of individual assemblies of forest machines with large average volume of the tree-length log. For citation: Rukomojnikov K.P., Kuptcova V.O. Design Improvement of the Mechanism of Delimbing by Multi-Operational Forest Machines. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 3, pp. 117–124. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-3-117-124
Effect of Addition of Chopped Needles on the Fiberboard Quality Indicators
Authors:   Lesosibirsk Branch of Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Zyryanov Mikhail A. , Medvedev Sergey O. , Mokhirev Aleksandr P.
Published: June 2021

Until recently, only the trunk of a tree was recognized as valuable in the forest industry, and everything else, including the crown, was considered waste. Logging wastes cluttered felling sites and created a favorable environment for habitation and reproduction of forest pests, as well as contributed to the emergence of forest fires. Today, wood greens are used as a raw material in the logging industry for the production of pellet fuels; in the woodchemical complex for the manufacture of chlorophyll-carotene pastes, sodium chlorophyllin, and coniferous healing extract; in agro-industrial production to obtain coniferous vitamin flour. Analysis of literature sources showed that fibreboards are widely used in housing construction as structural, finishing, and insulating materials. The advantage of fibreboards is the ability to impart special properties to them, such as fire resistance, water resistance, biostability, soundproofing, and heat-insulating ability by adding various components to the fibreboard at the manufacturing stage. Studies of the effect of adding coniferous flour on the quality indicators and physical and mechanical parameters of the finished fiberboard have been carried out in order to solve the problem of expanding the raw material base for fiberboard production. The possibility of using this raw material in the form of coniferous flour in the production of fiberboard has been substantiated. The influence of the percentage of needle flour in the total volume of wood fiber pulp and particle size on the qualitative indicators of the material is shown. Statistical and mathematical equations and graphical dependencies have been obtained. They allow predicting the indicators of fiberboards for a given content and particle size of flour from coniferous greens. The optimal size of the particles of coniferous flour and its content in the fibreboard at which the values of physical and mechanical indicators of the finished product meet the requirements of the State Standard GOST 4598-86 are determined. For citation: Zyryanov M.A., Medvedev S.O., Mokhirev A.P. Effect of Addition of Chopped Needles on the Fiberboard Quality Indicators. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 3, pp. 125–132. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-3-125-132
Generic Model of Willow Stem Volume: A Meta-Analysis
Authors:   Ural State Forest Engineering University, Usoltsev Vladimir А. ,   Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Paramonov Andrey А. ,   Northern Research Institute of Forestry,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named after M.V. Lomonosov, Tretyakov Sergey V. , Koptev Sergey V. , Tsepordey Ivan S. ,   Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2021

Current scenarios of the consequences of global warming stimulate research on the carbon-depositing capacity of vegetation cover. The stem is the main part of the tree biomass, and the accuracy of its volume assessment determines the possibility of correct monitoring and forecasting of forest resources. In the Russian forest management system, willow was not among the main forest-forming species, and therefore there was no need to develop valuation standards for it. However, due to the increased relevance of assessing the carbon-deposing function of Russian forests and the requirement to take into account the contribution to the carbon balance of all types of vegetation, there is a necessity to develop such standards. The solution can be found in the development of a generic model (or table) that takes into account the morphology of willows within the Salix L. genus and is based on data published in different regions and countries. The object of our research is data on the volume of willow stems, which is published and freely available in Russia, Kazakhstan, Bulgaria, and Norway in the form of tables or regression models. However, the extent to which each local model is applicable in other regions is unknown. To resolve this uncertainty, we used meta-analysis as a statistical procedure that combines the results of several independent studies in order to find a common pattern. As a result, we obtained a generic model of stem volume for the Salix genus, which is characterized by a high coefficient of determination and can be applied to estimate the stem volume of any species of this genus with minimum deviations from the calculated values. The results of the work are aimed at improving the accuracy of accounting deciduous stands during forest management and monitoring activities, valuation of stands on permanent and temporary trial plots. The implementation of unified standards for the use, reproduction, conservation and protection of willow stands with all the diversity of its species will solve a number of practical issues. For citation: Usoltsev V.А., Paramonov А.А., Tretyakov S.V., Koptev S.V., Tsepordey I.S. Generic Model of Willow Stem Volume: A Meta-Analysis. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 3, pp. 49–58. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-3-49-58
Growth of Vegetative Organs of Picea abies (L.) Karst. in Anthropogenic Environment
Authors:   Petrozavodsk State University, Kishchenko Ivan T. , Olkhina Elena S. ,   Petrozavodsk Forestry Technical School
Published: June 2021

The studies were carried out in stands of various degree of devastation: in the city, suburban forests and forests of the green zone. Recreational loads strongly affect the sanitary condition of spruce forests. The number of healthy trees decreases to 30–42 % with increasing recreational digression, while the number of declining and dead trees increases to 15–36 %. The state of tree stands in the forests of the green zone is estimated at 1.2–1.5 points, and 2.1–2.7 points in the suburban forests. No declining and dead trees were found in the forests of the green zone, and in the suburban forests their share was 15 and 36 % of the total number, respectively. Therefore, generally, spruce suburban forests are classified as weakened. Approximately 59 % of the area of suburban forests is in the III stage of recreational digression, and 19 % – in the IV stage. Growth studies of P. abies showed that the features of these processes are determined mainly by the seasonal variability of climatic factors. Studies have shown that the features of growth processes of P. abies are determined mainly by seasonal variation of meteorological factors. It was found that the earliest growth of shoots and needles begins and ends in the urban environment. The year-by-year variability in the timing of these phenophases reaches 1–2 weeks. Soil compaction as a result of recreational loads has a particularly negative effect on the intensity of tree growth and annual growth of vegetative organs. Shoots of P. abies in green forests (undisturbed stands) are longer than in suburban and urban plantations by 2–30 % and 6–17%, respectively. The longest needles (16.6–19.7 mm) are formed in the forests of the green zone. In urban plantations this value is 12.8–15.0 mm. The smallest needle packing was found in the city conditions, characterized by the maximum degree of recreational digression. Here, the annual radial increment of the trunk of P. abies under the influence of recreational loads decreases by 16–20 % compared to the forests of the green zone. The sequence in the growth phenophases does not depend on the degree of environmental disturbance. The shoots are the first to grow (in May), young needles after 1 or 2 weeks, and then the formation of wood in the lower part of the trunk begins. The sequence in stopping the growth processes is as follows: shoots, needles, trunks. For citation: Kishchenko I.T., Olkhina E.S. Growth of Vegetative Organs of Picea abies (L.) Karst. in Anthropogenic Environment. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 3, pp. 59–72. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-3-59-72
Analogs of the carotane antibiotic fulvoferruginin from submerged cultures of a Thai Marasmius sp.
Authors: Sandargo Birthe , Kaysan Leon , Teponno Rémy B , Richter Christian , Thongbai Benjarong , Surup Frank , Stadler Marc
Published: June 2021

A recent find of a Marasmius species in Northern Thailand led to the isolation of five unprecedented derivatives of the carotane antibiotic fulvoferruginin (1), fulvoferruginins B–F (2–6). The structures of these sesquiterpenoids were elucidated using HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, as well as CD spectroscopy. Assessing the bioactivity, fulvoferruginin emerged as a potent cytotoxic agent of potential pharmaceutical interest.
Peran Psikologi Komunikasi dalam Mengatasi Permasalahan Peserta Didik: Studi Kasus Proses Bimbingan Konseling di SMK Kesehatan Widya Dharma Bali
Authors: Putri Niluh Wiwik Eka
Published: June 2021

Peran psikologi komunikasi sangat penting dalam memberikan saran dan masukan terkait permasalahan yang dialami oleh peserta didik. Mereka berasal dari latar belakang keluarga kurang mampu, broken home, ataupun ketidaksempurnaan secara fisik. Kondisi inilah yang mem-buat siswa mengalami gangguan mental, kesulitan beradaptasi, cenderung menunjukkan perilaku yang kurang baik untuk mencari perhatian, serta sulit untuk mengikuti proses pembelajaran di sekolah. Adapun metode yang digunakan menggunakan metode kualitatif yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata tertulis atau lisan dari orang dan prilaku yang dapat diamati. Adapun hasil yang diperoleh antara lain untuk mengatasi permasalah peserta didik diperlukan komunikasi yang efektif yakni mengemas komunikasi secara efektif dengan perhatian, minat, hasrat, keputusan, aksi/tindakan, dan kepuasan. Peran psikologi komunikasi juga bisa mengubah opini siswa yang mengalami permasalahan terhadap sesuatu hal, mengubah sikap siswa yang mengalami permasa-lahan terhadap obyek atau subyek tertentu, serta mengubah perilaku yang mengalami permasala-han terkait dengan pengetahuan, persepsi, dan sikapnya.
Basic Knowledge on Leprosy: A Short Review
Authors: Lowe Chamodika
Published: June 2021

Leprosy is a chronic disease which is caused by the infection of Mycobacterium leprae bacterium and leads to neurological consequences. Regardless of its slow progressiveness, it is an exceptionally serious disease that is continuing to be a challenging health problem around the world. Early diagnosis and treatment is much important in controlling Leprosy. Already published articles and books on Leprosy have been studied and summarized in this review to present a basic understanding on pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of Leprosy
Effect of Polyethylene Oxide on the Rheological Behavior of Bentonite Suspensions
Authors: N Azril , M Gareche , L Saoudi , N Zeraibi
Published: June 2021

The effect of Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) with a molecular weight 10000g/mol on the rheological behavior of bentonite suspension was examined in terms of viscosity, yield stress and viscoelastic modulus (G’ and G’’); characteristic of complex behaviour of montmorillonite in water. A Physica MCR301 rheometer has been used to measure the rheological properties of samples (6% bentonite) as well as bentonite-PEO mixtures at different concentrations of PEO (0.18%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1%). The polyethylene oxide adsorbs onto clay particles, which changes their basic characteristics depending on the amount of PEO adsorbed.
Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Screening of GC–MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds Present in Ethanolic Rhizome Extract of Zingiber officinale Roscoe
Authors: Madhavan S Azhagu , R Priyadharshini , R Sripriya , V Uma , P Vinotha
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, nanotechnology is used as a way to increase bioavailability and decrease the side effects of drugs and nutrients. Micronutrients and nutraceuticals such as vitamins, carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols are classes of food ingredients that are essential for human health and well-being. These compounds are rarely added purely to the targeted food application but rather in encapsulated, solid, dry product forms with added functionalities such as improved stability, bioavailability or handling. Development of new strategies, like nanocarriers, that help to promote the access of neuroprotective molecules to the brain, is needed for providing more effective therapies for the disorders of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Polymer–lipid hybrid nanoparticles, encapsulating vitamin D3 and vitamin K2, with improved features in terms of stability, loading and mucoadhesiveness were produced for potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. Recently, nanoformulations that include nanovesicles, solid-lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsions, and polymeric nanoparticles have shown promising outcomes in improving the efficacy and bioavailability of vitamin E. Active targeting of nanoparticles loaded with vitamin D to cancer cells.
Effect of Positional Isomerism on Some Alcohol Based Drug towards Anti-Viral Activity against SARS-Cov-2: A Molecular Modeling Based Investigation
Authors: Palsaniya Mahendiali , Patel Bansari , Panigrahi Nibedita , Mohanta Daffodil , Priyadarshini Parida Sonali , Kumar Patel Dhruvin , Das Mriganka , Kundu Bidyut Kumar
Published: June 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, better known as COVID-19, has become a major health concern worldwide. It has challenged the global healthcare sector like anything. It appeared in Wuhan, China, around November 2019, had spread to almost 187 countries due to its highly contagious nature. Quarantine, isolation, mask, and other precautionary measures remain the sole obliging strategy to decline the person-to-person transmissions. Amidst the pandemic, drug repurposing by identifying therapeutically potent molecule from the collection of pre-existing molecules by molecular docking and DFT methods are certainly fast and handy. Herein, this paper is dealing with 5 hydroxy based drugs such as 5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol (Carvacrol), 3-isopropyl-6-methylbenzene-1,2-diol, 2-isopropyl-5-methylbenzene-1,4-diol, 5-isopropyl-2-methylbenzene-1,3-diol, 2-isopropyl-5-methylbenzene-1,3-diol to discover the new possible COVID-19 inhibitors. The proteases PDB, e.g., 5r7y is used as hosts to calculate the interactions with hydroxy-based drugs as guests. Our research shows that 5-isopropyl-2-methylbenzene-1,3-diol is the most active, having binding energy –6.46 kcal/mol against 5r7y of SARS-CoV-2. Hence it is assumed that increasing number of alcohol group make the system more preferable towards SARS-CoV-2 protease protein 5r7y. It was also observed that relative binding energy among these alcohol-based drugs is further tuned by their positional isomerism property.
Cell, Time and Knowledge: Some Conjectures
Authors: Lugo-Morin Diosey Ramon
Published: June 2021

The impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on global institutions and populations has been unprecedented. The health measures (e.g., confinement and social distancing) recommended by WHO and adopted by most nations in the world have not contained the spread of COVID-19. Vaccine development is expected to be a decisive element in controlling the pandemic, however, poor countries do not have immediate access to developed vaccines, which means that the COVID-19 pandemic will be present for some time among low-income countries. Against this daunting backdrop, it is necessary to explore more universal and inclusive ways of combating the COVID-19 pandemic and all future pandemics. Three conjectures are proposed that lead to a single path, unlocking the knowledge that cells have been able to accumulate over time. Although it may seem impossible in practice, the theory shows that knowledge exists to reach the frontiers of DNA.
Profile of Hepatitis B Sero Markers Among Blood Donors Attending Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto-Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed Alhassan Hussaini , Shinkafi Saudetu Haruna , Yakubu Ibrahim , Abdullahi Hamisu , Marafa Ahmad Hamidu , Isiyaku Abdullahi , Kalgo Mustapha Umar
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a double-stranded circular DNA virus, it is one of the major blood transmissible infections. The prevalence of HBV is highest in sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia, where 5-20% of the adult population are infected. In Africa, up to 15 to 60% of the population are positive for at least one of the serological markers of HBV. This study aimed to determine the prevalence markers of HBV among prospective blood donors in Sokoto. Materials/methods: About 170 blood donors were randomly recruited into this research study and 5ml of blood was aseptically collected from each of the research participants, the sample was screened for Hepatitis B virus, using a rapid step-wise HBV-5 panel immunoassay of Combo Cassette Manufactured by Lusys Laboratories Inc U.S.A. The HBV-5 is capable of detecting HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb and HBcAb simultaneously. The test component was opened from the notch, and the device was removed, 2-3 drops (60-90µl) plasma sample was added into the sample wells in the device. The result was read within 15 minutes. Results: The prevalence rates of the markers are HBsAg 8(4.7%), HBeAg 1(0.6%), HBsAb 7(4.1%), HbeAb 8(4.7%), and HBcAb 9(5.3%). Donors aged (20-30) years had the highest prevalence rate of HBV infection compared to other age groups. Male blood donors had higher seropositivity for the five markers than their female counterpart. The prevalence of HBV markers was high among the First time donors (non-vaccinated donors) who have a higher prevalence than other donors (vaccinated donors). Conclusion: This study has shown that screening for HBsAg alone may not be sufficient for the diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection, and thus other markers should be included in the routine screening.
Relationship of Food Services and Patients Satisfaction in Medan Advent's Public Hospital
Authors: Hidayah Nurul , Simanjorang Asyiah , Asriwati Asriwati , Lastiur Lucia
Published: June 2021

Food service in hospital nutrition installations is a form of service activity for patients who are hospitalized which aims to meet the nutritional needs of patients. This study aimed  to analyze the relationship between food services and satisfaction of inpatients at the Adventist General Hospital. Field. This study used a survey research method with a cross sectional approach. The data collection technique used a questionnaire. Population of 156 people with a sample of 112 people based on Slovin calculations. Based on the results of the chi-square statistical test, it was found that the variables of mealtime (p = 0,000), food appearance (p = 0,000), food taste (p = 0,000), waiter friendliness (p = 0,000), cleanliness of tools and food (p. = 0.012), and food variation (p = 0.00). The result of multiple logistic regression test shows that the meal time variable has a significant effect on patient satisfaction. There is a relationship, meal time, food appearance, taste of food, waiter friendliness, cleanliness of equipment and food, variety of food with patient satisfaction with food service at the Medan Adventist General Hospital. It is recommended to the special hospital nutrition installation that in food processing always pay attention to the main factors in food processing so that the level of patient satisfaction continues to increase and still maintains the quality and quality of food service.
THE PLACE OF INTELLIGENTSIA IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY: THE CREATIVE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Tabeikyna Elena K. , Kamalova Galina T. , Hasanov Elnur L. , Dzhumagaliyeva Kulyash V. , Demeuova Nurgul K.
Published: June 2021

In the context of the socio-economic approach to determining the place and role of the intelligentsia and its interaction with authorities, often only one point is reviewed, in which the intelligentsia is defined as the most progressive layer of society and at the same time oppressed by the authorities for progressive views. Thus, a search is needed between the desire of society for progress and the search for optimal conditions for coexistence between power and the intelligentsia. The novelty of the work is determined by the fact that the historical basis of the interaction between government and the intelligentsia should be considered not only in a historical perspective but also on the basis of an economic or anthropological approach. The authors of the article determine the role economic nature of the intelligentsia in the positive development of a socio-economic nature in society. The practical significance of the study is determined by the possibility of forming social development programs on the basis of philosophical discussions and determining the place and role of the intelligentsia in social development.
ARTEMIS Observations of Plasma Waves in Laminar and Perturbed Interplanetary Shocks
Authors: Davis L. A. , Cattell C. A. , Wilson L. B. , Cohen Z. A. , Breneman A. W. , Hanson E. L. M.
Published: June 2021

The “Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun” mission provides a unique opportunity to study the structure of interplanetary shocks and the associated generation of plasma waves with frequencies between ∼50 and 8000 Hz due to its long duration electric and magnetic field burst waveform captures. We compare wave properties and occurrence rates at 11 quasi-perpendicular interplanetary shocks with burst data within 10 minutes (∼3200 proton gyroradii upstream, ∼1900 downstream) of the shock ramp. A perturbed shock is defined as possessing a large amplitude whistler precursor in the quasi-static magnetic field with an amplitude greater than 1/3 the difference between the upstream and downstream average magnetic field magnitudes; laminar shocks lack these large precursors and have a smooth, step function-like transition. In addition to wave modes previously observed, including ion acoustic, whistler, and electrostatic solitary waves, waves in the ion acoustic frequency range that show rapid temporal frequency change are common. Three shocks had burst captures in the ramp; of these, the two laminar shocks contained a wide range of large amplitude wave modes in the ramp whereas the one perturbed shock contained no such waves. Thus, energy dissipation through wave–particle interactions is more prominent in these two laminar shocks than in the perturbed shock. Based on observations from all 11 shocks, the wave occurrence rates for laminar shocks are higher in the transition region, especially the ramp, than downstream. In contrast, perturbed shocks have approximately 2–3 times the wave occurrence rate downstream than laminar shocks.
Investigating the Nature of MGRO J1908+06 with Multiwavelength Observations
Authors: Li Jian , Liu Ruo-Yu , de Oña Wilhelmi Emma , Torres Diego F. , Liu Qian-Cheng , Kerr Matthew , Bühler Rolf , Su Yang , He Hao-Ning , Xiao Meng-Yuan
Published: June 2021

The unidentified TeV source MGRO J1908+06, with emission extending from hundreds of GeV to beyond 100 TeV, is one of the most intriguing sources in the Galactic plane. MGRO J1908+06 spatially associates with an IceCube hotspot of neutrino emission. Although the hotspot is not significant yet, this suggests a possible hadronic origin of the observed gamma-ray radiation. Here we describe a multiwavelength analysis on MGRO J1908+06 to determine its nature. We identify, for the first time, an extended GeV source as the counterpart of MGRO J1908 + 06, discovering possibly associated molecular clouds (MCs). The GeV spectrum shows two well-differentiated components: a soft spectral component below ∼10 GeV, and a hard one (Γ ∼ 1.6) above these energies. The lower-energy part is likely associated with the dense MCs surrounding the supernova remnant (SNR) G40.5−0.5, whereas the higher-energy component, which connects smoothly with the spectrum observed in TeV range, resembles the inverse Compton emission observed in relic pulsar wind nebulae. This simple scenario seems to describe the data satisfactorily, but raises questions about the interpretation of the emission at hundreds of TeV. In this scenario, no detectable neutrino flux would be expected.
Description of a new species of Thelcticopis Karsch (Araneae, Sparassidae) from Guangxi Province, China
Authors: Cai Chaohui , Lin Yejie , Zhong Yang
Published: June 2021

Due to its special ways of hiding and lifestyle, Thelcticopis is a type of spider that is very difficult to collect. In 2018, we collected two huntsman spiders in Guangxi. After comparison with other Thelcticopis species, such as anterior median eye larger than other eyes, they were found to belong to the genus of Thelcticopis.

Currently, four Thelcticopis species are reported from China, T. severa (L. Koch, 1875), T. zhengi Liu, Li & Jäger, 2010, T. dahanensis Zhu & Zhong, 2020 and T. unciformis Zhu & Zhong, 2020. They are mainly distributed in the tropical or subtropical areas of China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hongkong, Hunan, Taiwan, Yunnan and Zhejiang). In this paper, we diagnose and describe a new species, Thelcticopis pinmini sp. nov., which was collected from Guangxi Province, China.
A checklist of chromosome numbers and a review of karyotype variation in Odonata of the world
Authors: Kuznetsova Valentina G. , Golub Natalia V.
Published: June 2021

The ancient insect order Odonata is divided into three suborders: Anisoptera and Zygoptera with approximately 3000 species worldwide each, and Anisozygoptera with only four extant species in the relict family Epiophlebiidae. An updated list of Odonata species studied regarding chromosome number, sex chromosome mechanism and the occurrence of m-chromosomes (= microchromosomes) is given. Karyotypes of 607 species (198 genera, 23 families), covering approximately 10% of described species, are reported: 423 species (125 genera, 8 families) of the Anisoptera, 184 species (72 genera, 14 families) of the Zygoptera, and one species of the Anisozygoptera. Among the Odonata, sex determination mechanisms in males can be of X(0), XY and X1X2Y types, and diploid chromosome numbers can vary from 6 to 41, with a clear mode at 2n = 25(60%) and two more local modes at 2n = 27(21%) and 2n = 23(13%). The karyotype 2n = 25(24A + X) is found in each of the three suborders and is the most typical (modal) in many families, including the best-covered Libellulidae, Corduliidae (Anisoptera), Lestidae, Calopterygidae, and Platycnemididae (Zygoptera). This chromosome set is considered ancestral for the Odonata in general. Chromosome rearrangements, among which fusions and fissions most likely predominated, led to independent origins of similar karyotypes within different phylogenetic lineages of the order. The karyotype 2n = 27(26A + X) prevails in Aeshnidae and Coenagrionidae, whereas the karyotype 2n = 23(22A + X) is modal in Gomphidae and Chlorocyphidae, in both pairs of families one being from the Anisoptera while the other from the Zygoptera.
Chromosomes of three gall wasps of the tribe Aylacini (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)
Authors: Gokhman Vladimir E.
Published: June 2021

Chromosomes of two species of the tribe Aylacini (Cynipidae), Isocolus jaceae (Schenck, 1863) and I. scabiosae (Giraud, 1859) (both have 2n = 18) were studied for the first time. In addition, 2n = 20 is confirmed in a member of the same tribe, Aulacidea hieracii (Bouché, 1834). All chromosomes of these gall wasps are biarmed; however, they gradually decrease in size in the case of A. hieracii, whereas a pair of large metacentrics is characteristic of karyotypes of both Isocolus Förster, 1869 species. Chromosomes of the two latter gall wasps are either metacentric or submetacentric, but elements with lower centromeric indices prevail in the karyotype of A. hieracii. Chromomycin A3 (CMA3)/DAPI staining revealed single CMA3-positive bands on a particular pair of chromosomes of all species, and these bands apparently refer to the nucleolus organizing regions (NORs). However, localization of CMA3-positive bands differs substantially between the studied members of Isocolus and Aulacidea Ashmead, 1897. Together with normal haploid and diploid mitotic divisions, several metaphase plates with 2n = 17 containing a peculiar dicentric chromosome were found in a single male specimen of I. scabiosae; this appears to be the first report of an obvious dicentric in the order Hymenoptera in general. Certain aspects of the chromosome diversity and karyotype evolution within the family Cynipidae and the tribe Aylacini in particular are briefly discussed.
Entre le front et la maison : émotions et affects de combattants du Hezbollah libanais engagés dans le conflit syrien
Authors: Calabrese Erminia Chiara
Published: June 2021

L’exemple des combattants du Hezbollah libanais a ceci d’avantageux pour l’analyse de la dimension émotionnelle dans l’engagement armé qu’il permet de travailler sur une organisation partisane qui produit un entre-soi combattant chargé d’une forte dimension affective et qui effectue un « travail émotionnel » important afin de valoriser certaines émotions et d’en discréditer d’autres. J’interroge le rapport entre émotions et engagement chez certains combattants de ce parti politico-religieux armé engagés depuis 2012 sur les fronts syriens aux côtés des troupes du régime de Bachar al-Assad dans la guerre que celui-ci mène contre les factions armées rebelles et djihadistes, ainsi que contre toute forme d’opposition. J’analyse les émotions que ces combattants associent à l’expérience du feu ainsi que les continuités et/ou discontinuités des émotions et des valeurs entre l’expérience combattante d’un proche et le foyer domestique. Par une pratique ethnographique, je m’attache à mettre en évidence les enchantements et les désillusions, la fierté et le dégoût, qui accompagnent ces parcours, et rends compte ainsi du caractère évolutif et fluctuant de ces registres émotionnels en réfutant les analyses qui n’ont associé à ces parcours que des émotions positives.
Ces adolescents qui médusent : comment accueillir ce qu’ils nous adressent ?
Authors: Colombe Rachel , Tissot Pascaline , Gavarini Laurence
Published: June 2021

Cet article procède de la discussion d’après-coup entre trois chercheuses mettant en regard leurs recherches sur l’adolescence, orientées par une approche psychanalytique, sur des terrains situés en banlieue nord de Paris. En soulignant les places sociales, générationnelles et symboliques des auteures, il propose une réflexion sur l’écoute et l’accueil des adresses adolescentes en tant qu’inscrites dans la relation transférentielle à un adulte-chercheur. Il revient sur la spécificité des dispositifs pouvant accueillir le sujet adolescent et sa prise de parole singulière, sur les places investies par les adolescents dans ces dispositifs et sur la rencontre intersubjective productrice d’une figurabilité démarquée des discours sociaux alarmistes.