bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobility Challenges in the Cities of the Future
Authors: Makarova Irina , Muchametdinov Eduard , Buyvo Polina , Boyko Aleksey
Published: November 2023

Autonomous vehicles have become a logical consequence of implementing the Intelligent Transport Systems strategy. The article analyses the directions of road vehicles intellectualization. This is due to the implementation of new paradigms in the functioning of the Smart City transport system to solve the problems of mobility and logistics, as well as vehicle service. The article presents the concept of an intelligent passenger transportation service called “Social Mobility on Demand”, which allows passengers to choose an acceptable option using a set of options, as well as operators to optimally distribute cars for different travel types, which will reduce the load on the road network, as well as the negative impact on the environment. It is shown that in order to manage the reliability of connected vehicles, it is necessary to improve proprietary maintenance and repair systems. The concept of a branded service system in the transition to fundamentally new modes of transport is described, which will allow maintaining their working condition and increasing the safety and stability of the transport system.
A Hybrid Model for Detecting Phishing Attack Using Recommedation Decision Trees
Authors: Ogonji Duncan Eric O. , Wilson Cheruiyot , Mwangi Waweru
Published: November 2023

Phishing performs by trying to trick the victim into accessing any computing information which looks original, then instructing them to send important data to unrestricted/unwanted privacy resource. For prevention, it is essential to develop a phishing detection system. Recent phishing detection systems are based on data mining and machine learning techniques. Most of the related work literature require collection of previous phishing attack logs, analyze them and create a list of such activities and block traffic from such sources. But this is a cumbersome task because the data size is very large, continue changing and dynamic nature. [1]. Instead of using single algorithm approach it would be better to use a hybrid approach. A hybrid approach would be better at mitigating phishing attacks because classification of different format of data is handled; whether the intruder want to use images or textural input to gain into another user system for phishing. Hybrid recommendation decision tress enhances any of machine learning and deep learning algorithms performance. The decision path of the model followed a series of if/else/then statements that connect the predicted class from the root of the tree through the branches of the tree to detect true positive and false negatives of phishing attempts. 10 decision trees were considered and used the features to train the recommendation decision regression model. The developed hybrid recommendation decision tree approach provided an overall true positive rate of the model of 92.28 % and false negative rate is 7.4%.
Precision Design and Fabrication of Noise-free High-Frequency Amplifier Board for Enhanced Signal Processing
Authors: Narvekar Sonal , Sharma Kadambari
Published: November 2023

An optical signal processing system is widely used for long-distance signal transmission with high speed and low attenuation. It plays a fundamental role in optical communication systems that involves transmitting, receiving, amplifying, and manipulating optical signals which are high-frequency signals. This paper portrays the design of a high-frequency amplifier to amplify the low-amplitude high-frequency, electrical signal procured from the optical signal. A four-stage high frequency amplifier has been designed using an AD8009 high-frequency Op-amp for the highest frequency of 1GHz, and for the fastest rise time of 0.35 nanoseconds. This amplifier board incorporates the high-frequency PCB design rules related to the characteristic impedance, impedance matching, signal crosstalk, the propagation delay of the transmission lines, transmission techniques for the ground plane, and termination of transmission lines for the effective use of high-frequency signals. It has also counted on the issues of electromagnetic interference, power supply decoupling, noise, and high-speed operational amplifier. The proposed system resulted in suitable amplification of low amplitude high-frequency electrical signal, having no signal cross-talks, electromagnetic interference, signal ringing, signal reflections, and posed larger bandwidth. The improved quality of high frequency processed signals with good signal integrity and moderate circuit oscillations achieved by this system will benefit the optical communication system.
The Big Data for WSN Nodes: Leveraging Scalable Architecture
Authors: Shinghal Deepti , Shinghal Kshitij , Saxena Amit , Saxena Shuchita , Misra Rajul
Published: November 2023

Certain applications requires a scalable cost effective storage and execution system with facility to store data and have feature to analyze data to its finest granularity level in future. This increase the quality and accuracy of result analysis. Wireless sensor Network (WSN) nodes deployed for certain data intensive applications such as surveillance, war zone monitoring etc. generates a massive amount of raw data. There is an essential requirement of storing this data in its native format for analytics purpose in anticipation of future requirements. In present work, a data lake implemented on Amazon AWS is presented for storage of data in original version for future reference. Data Lake implementation service is utilized for storing the data generated in big volumes, high speed and in variety. The data in Data Lake is stored in three zones i.e. raw, reformed and curated. This paper proposes an efficient method of storing structured, unstructured and semi-structured, data in to Data Lake for future retrieval and analytics purpose. The results are comprehensively presented highlighting the advantages of using Data Lake in place of data warehouses.
Lung Segmentation of Chest Radiograph Using Circular Window Based Local Contrast Thresholding (CWLCT) and Adaptive Median Outlier (CWAMO)
Authors: Kanade Dnyaneshwar , Helonde Jagdish , Burade Prakash , Nikose Mangesh
Published: November 2023

Certain chest illnesses, such as TB, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, atelectasis, etc., can be diagnosed in chest radiographs, and the development of a CAD system relies in part on accurate lung segmentation. In order to partition the lungs in chest radiographs, this work introduces an unsupervised learning approach based on a circular window and local thresholding. The procedure involves pre-processing, a preliminary estimate of the lung field, and the elimination of noise. Images are initially scaled down to 1024x1024 and enhanced using adaptive histogram equalization. Then chest radiographs are binarized using the proposed method. Based on the geometrical and special characteristics, lungs are separated from the chest radiographs. The final step in picture segmentation is the use of morphological processes. Local thresholding, omitting extraneous body parts, filling in gaps, and filtering regions based on their attributes all contribute to preliminary estimates of the lung field.

Morphological processes are used as a means of eliminating background noise. A public bone shadow eliminated JSRT dataset consisting of 247 chest x-rays is used to measure the performance of the proposed method. The effectiveness of the proposed method results’ performance is evaluated by comparing it with Active Shape Model (ASM) based lung segmentation for various performance metrics such as F-score, overlap percentage, accuracy rate, sensitivity, specificity, and precision rates. All the parameters for the proposed method are over and above 90%. Our investigations indicate that the suggested method is an unsupervised learning approach that does not require any training.
Power Quality Diagnosis Due to Integration of Renewable Energy Source at Utility Grid
Authors: Virendra Sharma , Rawat Kavita , Jain Gaurav , Saxena Rachit
Published: November 2023

Article outlines hybrid energy sources for fulfil supply demand through proposed approach. The hybrid renewable energy sources generation capacity of 6 kW as solar power and 50 kW power as solid oxide fuel cell plant with storage system are interfaced to the DC bus in proposed paper for performance diagnosis on the basis of power demand as per utility load application by conversion of DC power to AC power and power quality of grid/load parameters collected on PCC, which affected by RE source integration at utility bus in terms of power quality parameters as per event ON/OFF grid mode. For this study design a two-bus test system, first bus is DC bus for integration of solar PV plant and solid oxide fuel cell power plant to generate hybrid DC power which convert to AC power by using inverter technology and deliver to the second bus of utility load bus in proposed test system for application of utility load as well as utility grid as per event proposed. A low pass LC filter is modeled to remove high frequency harmonics from the inverter output which is fed to grid as well as test system of utility network.
Resource utilization of High-Ti vanadium titanomagnetite: Preparation and properties of sinter
Authors: Xing Zhenxing , Cheng Gongjin , Yang He , Xue Xiangxin
Published: November 2023

In order to achieve the goal of resource utilization of High-Ti vanadium titanomagnetite (High-Ti VTM), the high-temperature sintering characteristics of High-Ti VTM were investigated by micro-sintering experiments, while the effects of different ordinary iron ore dosage and basicity on the sintering process parameters and sinter quality were investigated by sintering pot experiments. The results showed that the TiO2 and SiO2 contents increased gradually with increasing dosage of High-Ti VTM, and the liquid phase fluidity index and binder phase strength increased gradually, while the assimilation temperature and intergranular consolidation strength showed a decreasing trend. With the increase of the dosage of ordinary iron ore, the vertical sintering speed was reduced, while the sinter yield and tumble index gradually increased. As the basicity of the sinter gradually increased, the sintering time and the pulverization degree of the sinter gradually increased and the sinter yield gradually decreased, while the vertical sintering speed and the tumble index both showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The results of the study provide data to support the preparation of sinter with High-Ti VTM.
Bilan de la surveillance des avortements équins par le Réseau d’épidémiosurveillance en pathologie équine (RESPE)
Authors: Lupo Coralie , Pillon Clément , Bruyas Jean-François , Marcillaud-Pitel Christel , Léon-Seck Albertine
Published: November 2023

Le Réseau d’épidémiosurveillance en pathologie équine (RESPE) surveille les avortements équins présumés infectieux depuis 2009 pour détecter précocement un cas ou un foyer, afin de rapidement mettre en place des mesures de gestion et limiter l’impact sur la santé animale et sur l’économie de la filière équine française. Quatre maladies contagieuses abortives d’intérêt collectif sont surveillées : l’artérite virale équine, les infections par l’herpèsvirus équin 1 ou 4 et la leptospirose.

Entre 2009 et 2022, 522 vétérinaires sentinelles ont déclaré 2 411 avortements survenus dans des structures équestres majoritairement d’élevage, ayant un effectif moyen de 51 équidés. Les races Pur-Sang, Trotteur Français et Selle Français étaient majoritairement représentées. Ces avortements sont survenus en moyenne au cours du 8e mois de gestation. La présence d’un organisme pathogène abortif a été mise en évidence dans seulement 6,0 % des prélèvements analysés; l’herpèsvirus 1 a été majoritairement détecté. Les trois quarts des avortements ont été déclarés dans les deux jours suivant leur détection par le détenteur de la jument. Cette réactivité est satisfaisante pour détecter précocement un foyer d’avortement infectieux et mettre rapidement en place des mesures de gestion, le cas échéant.

Le RESPE est associé à un projet de recherche visant à évaluer l’apport des méthodes de séquençage haut débit dans l’amélioration de la surveillance des infections abortives des équidés en France.
Fiche technique : Conduite à tenir en cas d’avortement : cas général
Authors: Foucher Nathalie , Bernez-Romand Maud , Moreau Peggy
Published: November 2023

Un avortement dans un élevage ou chez un particulier peut avoir un impact sanitaire et financier non négligeable. Il est donc important de tenter de déterminer la cause de l’avortement ou tout du moins de confirmer ou d’infirmer les causes infectieuses les plus contagieuses. Ainsi, une autopsie du fœtus et de ses annexes dans une structure dédiée est fortement recommandée. Par ailleurs, avoir les résultats de l’examen nécropsique accompagnés des résultats d’examens virologique, bactériologique, fongique et parfois histologique apporteront au vétérinaire traitant un complément d’informations nécessaire pour le suivi gynécologique de la jument, afin que celle-ci puisse être à nouveau saillie dans de bonnes conditions.
Lower Bounds of Blow Up Time for a Class of Slow Reaction Diffusion Equations with Inner Absorption Terms
Authors: XUE Yingzhen
Published: November 2023

In this paper, a class of slow reaction-diffusion equations with nonlocal source and inner absorption terms are studied. By using the technique of improved differential inequality, the lower bounds of blow up time for the system under either homogeneous Dirichlet or nonhomogeneous Neumann boundary conditions are obtained.
Convergence Rates for the Truncated Euler-Maruyama Method for Nonlinear Stochastic Differential Equations
Authors: MENG Xuejing , LYU Linfeng
Published: November 2023

In this paper, our main aim is to investigate the strong convergence rate of the truncated Euler-Maruyama approximations for stochastic differential equations with superlinearly growing drift coefficients. When the diffusion coefficient is polynomially growing or linearly growing, the strong convergence rate of arbitrarily close to one half is established at a single time T or over a time interval [0,T], respectively. In both situations, the common one-sided Lipschitz and polynomial growth conditions for the drift coefficients are not required. Two examples are provided to illustrate the theory.
Feng Shui fürs kleine Büro
Authors: Witt Christiane
Published: November 2023

Feng Shui beruht auf Erkenntnissen aus der Beobachtung der Natur und entfaltet nicht nur in der Wohnung, sondern auch in Büros oder Praxisräumen eine harmonisierende Wirkung, indem es eine Verbindung von Menschen und Umgebung herstellt, in der stagnierende Energien vermieden werden. Was Feng Shui ist, welche Schulen und Methoden es gibt und worauf Feng Shui bei der Gestaltung von Arbeitsräumen abzielt, wird im Beitrag skizziert, weitverbreitete Mythen und Irrtümer über Feng Shui werden ausgeräumt. Feng Shui ist keine Heilmethode, aber die Anwendung seiner Grundprinzipien unterstützt die Produktivität, das Wohlbefinden und die Gesundheit der Menschen. Das kommt sowohl Heilpraktikern als auch Patienten zugute: Die mit Feng Shui geschaffene Umgebung kann die Wirkung der darin angebotenen Therapien und Behandlungen verstärken.
Developing a Quality Improvement Implementation Taxonomy for Organizational Employee Wellness Initiatives
Authors: Gao Grace , Vaclavik Lindsay , Jeffery Alvin D. , Koch Erica C. , Schafer Katherine , Cimiotti Jeannie P. , Pathak Neha , Duva Ingrid , Martin Christie L. , Simpson Roy L.
Published: November 2023

Background Standardized taxonomies (STs) facilitate knowledge representation and semantic interoperability within health care provision and research. However, a gap exists in capturing knowledge representation to classify, quantify, qualify, and codify the intersection of evidence and quality improvement (QI) implementation. This interprofessional case report leverages a novel semantic and ontological approach to bridge this gap.

Objectives This report had two objectives. First, it aimed to synthesize implementation barrier and facilitator data from employee wellness QI initiatives across Veteran Affairs health care systems through a semantic and ontological approach. Second, it introduced an original framework of this use-case-based taxonomy on implementation barriers and facilitators within a QI process.

Methods We synthesized terms from combined datasets of all-site implementation barriers and facilitators through QI cause-and-effect analysis and qualitative thematic analysis. We developed the Quality Improvement and Implementation Taxonomy (QIIT) classification scheme to categorize synthesized terms and structure. This framework employed a semantic and ontological approach. It was built upon existing terms and models from the QI Plan, Do, Study, Act phases, the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research domains, and the fishbone cause-and-effect categories.

Results The QIIT followed a hierarchical and relational classification scheme. Its taxonomy was linked to four QI Phases, five Implementing Domains, and six Conceptual Determinants modified by customizable Descriptors and Binary or Likert Attribute Scales.

Conclusion This case report introduces a novel approach to standardize the process and taxonomy to describe evidence translation to QI implementation barriers and facilitators. This classification scheme reduces redundancy and allows semantic agreements on concepts and ontological knowledge representation. Integrating existing taxonomies and models enhances the efficiency of reusing well-developed taxonomies and relationship modeling among constructs. Ultimately, employing STs helps generate comparable and sharable QI evaluations for forecast, leading to sustainable implementation with clinically informed innovative solutions.
Secondary Structure Modulation of Triptycene-Based One-Handed Helical Ladder Polymers through π-Extension of Achiral Segments
Authors: Ikai Tomoyuki , Tanaka Atsuya , Shiotani Takumi , Oki Kosuke , Yashima Eiji
Published: November 2023

A series of enantiopure triptycene-based one-handed helical ladder polymers containing π-extended achiral segments with naphthalene, fluorene, and carbazole spacers was synthesized through quantitative and chemoselective ladderization of the corresponding precursor polymers with random-coil conformations. The helical handedness (right- or left-handed) and geometry (loose coil or ribbon) of the resulting ladder polymers were readily modulated by tuning the structure of the achiral spacers despite the incorporation of the same point chirality of the triptycene unit. All the helical secondary structures are stable and robust due to the shape-persistent ladder structures, showing the characteristic and environment-independent chiroptical properties.
Impact of demonstration zone policy on agricultural science and technology innovation: evidence from China
Authors: Wang Nannan , Cui Dengfeng
Published: November 2023

As driving forces in agricultural development, science and technology, along with innovation in agricultural science and technology, are crucial to food security and socioeconomic development. The National Modern Agricultural Demonstration Zone is a major initiative of the Chinese government to promote the modernization of agriculture with Chinese characteristics and aims to improve the level of regional agricultural development through policy guidance and financial support. However, few studies have explored the impact of the National Modern Agricultural Demonstration Zone on agricultural science and technology innovation from a policy perspective. In this context, this study is based on the panel data of 696 regions in China from 2007 to 2017. Difference-in-differences is used to study the impact and mechanism of the National Modern Agricultural Demonstration Zone on agricultural science and technology innovation. The results show that the National Modern Agricultural Demonstration Zone policy can significantly improve the level of agricultural science and technology innovation, and the impact effect is more significant in regions with high fiscal autonomy, western regions, and those with better transportation infrastructure. Mechanism analysis shows that the National Modern Agricultural Demonstration Zone enhances agricultural science and technology innovation mainly through increasing financial resource allocation, improving financial support for agriculture, and increasing human capital. This study evaluates the policy effects, provides theoretical support for the public value of the National Modern Agricultural Demonstration Zone, and offers lessons for agricultural science and technology innovation in similar economies in China and worldwide.
Female Instagram elderly influencers countering the ageing narratives
Authors: Ghosh Munmun
Published: November 2023

Influencers are usually associated with young people creating waves on social media. However, there are “Influencer” at age 60 and beyond. This study unveils ‘Female Instagram Elderly Influencers’ who inspire every generation through appeal and presence on the platform. This study explores how older women influencers on Instagram promote themselves online and how they challenge the stereotypes about ageing. In an era defined by the growing influence of digital media, this study reveals the unique perspectives these women use to challenge the social assumptions about ageing. In particular, this study proposed new ways of ageing, defying gender and setting newer perspectives on old age and ageing. By using a netnography technique, an extensive investigation of the online identities and discussions of eight senior female Instagram influencers was conducted. Netnography has allowed to delve deeper into their public profiles, observing their virtual communities and providing insights into their online identity. The results draw attention to a few key characteristics that characterise the online personas of these “older female influencers” on Instagram. These influencers challenge preconceived notions about ageing through their profiles by projecting an image of themselves as vibrant, engaged and active. They portray a colourful, opportunity-filled life full of self-expression through their carefully chosen texts and videos, which showcase their love for everything around them, like food, travel, fashion, quick tips, etc. Furthermore, the findings suggest that these influencers provide their followers with a sense of empowerment. By sharing their personal day-to-day experiences, wisdom and advice, they interact with a broad audience and uplift and reassure those going through difficult times. People of all ages engage with their content, showing how this sense of community is ‘ageless’. The critical role older female Instagram influencers play in eradicating age-related stereotypes and creating a welcoming community is revealed through this netnography investigation. Their experiences and online persona offer a nuanced viewpoint on ageing, encouraging individuals to take advantage of life’s opportunities at any age.
Iron-based catholytes for aqueous redox-flow batteries
Authors: Okazawa Atsushi , Kakuchi Takayuki , Kawai Kosuke , Okubo Masashi
Published: November 2023

Redox-flow batteries (RFBs) are promising electrochemical energy storage devices to load-level intermittent power from renewable energy. In particular, aqueous RFBs using aqueous electrolytes possess several advantages over nonaqueous ones, such as low fabrication cost, nontoxicity, safety, and environmental benignity. Therefore, developing high-performance, abundant, less-expensive iron-based catholytes for aqueous RFBs is essential toward their wide deployment in a power grid. In this Perspective, we summarize the recent progress of iron-based catholytes for aqueous RFBs. We emphasize that iron-based catholytes possess widely ranged redox potentials (−1.0 to 1.5 V vs standard hydrogen electrodes) and solubility in water (0.2–4.0 mol L−1), thereby providing a wide range of cell performance. The molecular design, such as ligand functionalization, counter ion mixing, and asymmetrization, allows for rationally improving solubility, redox potential, and energy density. Furthermore, we demonstrate a simple evaluation method of the redox potential of iron-based catholytes using the calculated energy levels of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of ligand molecules. Finally, we rationalize the design strategy of iron-based catholytes for advanced aqueous RFBs.
Optimal capacity allocation and economic evaluation of hybrid energy storage in a wind–photovoltaic power system
Authors: Wang Xiu Li , Xu Ru Qing , Zhang Jian Hong , Wen Fu Shuan , Liu Chang Qing
Published: November 2023

During the global energy crisis, a significant influx of renewable energy sources was connected to the power grid, resulting in adverse fluctuations. To address this challenge and simultaneously reduce environmental pollution, a hybrid energy storage system containing hydrogen energy storage (HES) and compressed air energy storage (CAES) are proposed. The system aims to reconfigure the energy storage devices by an economical means and effectively alleviate the volatility challenges by the large amount of renewable energy accessing. First, according to the behavioral characteristics of wind, photovoltaics, and the energy storage, the hybrid energy storage capacity optimization allocation model is established, and its economy is nearly 17% and 4.7% better than that of single HES and single CAES, respectively. Then, considering the difficulty of solving the complexity dimension, a carnivorous plant algorithm (CPA) is adopted to solve the model and accurately obtain the strategy of hybrid energy storage configuration in this paper. The running time of a CPA algorithm is 33.6%, 36%, and 55% shorter than particle swarm optimization, whale optimization algorithm, and firefly algorithm, respectively. Finally, the simulation analysis is performed by IEEE 33 node arithmetic. The results show that the network loss with hybrid energy storage is reduced by about 40% compared with that without hybrid energy storage. However, improving voltage stability and the economy is optimal by using configured hybrid energy storage.
Recent progress of PY-IT-based all-polymer solar cells
Authors: Liu Xu , Sha Mengzhen , Yin Hang , Hao Xiaotao
Published: November 2023

All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs), with their specific merits of superior operation stability and remarkable mechanical flexibility, have made significant progress and become an indispensable part of the field of organic solar cells (OSCs) in recent years. This progress has established them as an indispensable component of the OSC landscape. One of the key driving forces behind this advancement is the development of high-performance polymer acceptor materials. Notably, the emergence of cutting-edge Y series polymerized small-molecule acceptors such as PY-IT, PYT, PY-2Cl, PY-V-γ, and PYF-T-o has significantly narrowed the efficiency gap when compared to the OSCs relying on small-molecule acceptors. Here, we systematically delve into the recent development of PY-IT-based OSCs. First, we offer a detailed discussion about the device physics of PY-IT-based OSCs and then illustrate their achievements from three aspects: binary systems, ternary systems, and layer-by-layer structures. Moreover, current challenges and outlooks are proposed for future research directions. We expect that our work will inspire further breakthroughs and improvements in the fields of all-PSCs.
Photonic optical accelerators: The future engine for the era of modern AI?
Authors: Makarenko Maksim , Wang Qizhou , Burguete-Lopez Arturo , Fratalocchi Andrea
Published: November 2023

Photonic accelerators for Artificial Intelligence (AI) are rapidly advancing, promising to provide revolutionary computational speed for modern AI architectures. By leveraging photons with a bandwidth higher than 100 THz, photonic accelerators tackle the computational demands of AI tasks that GHz electronics alone cannot meet. Photonics accelerators integrate circuitry for matrix–vector operators and ultra-fast feature extractors, enabling energy-efficient and parallel computations that prove crucial for the training and inference of AI models in various applications, including classification, segmentation, and feature extraction. This Perspective discusses modern challenges and opportunities that optical computations open in AI for research and industry.
Simulation of RFI Cancellation Using Subspace Projection Algorithm for PAF Receiver
Authors: Wu Peng , Li Jian , Chen Mao-Zheng
Published: November 2023

The simulation of radio frequency interference (RFI) cancellation by applying a spatial filtering technique for phased array feed (PAF) is presented. In order to better reflect the characteristics of PAF, a new signal model is to add the coupling coefficient among elements of PAF to the conventional array signal model. Then the subspace projection (SP) algorithm is used to cancel RFI from the correlation matrix of the signal, and finally, the 2D power image is drawn. The power variation of signal-of-interest direction and RFI direction before and after using the SP algorithm is analyzed. The new signal model and simulation strategy can be used to test and verify the beamformer.
Study of Structural and Optical Properties of Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Soni Dimple , Singh Jaiveer , Tripathi Jitendra , Sharma Anupam
Published: November 2023

In present study Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by using the chemical method. For the synthesis of desired NPs, oleyl amine (OA) was used as a surfactant material. OA plays a crucial role in inhibiting the aggregation of ZrO2 nanocrystals. Particle surface stabilisation is facilitated by it. The average crystallite size estimated from X-ray diffraction (XRD) using Scherrer equation, to be 6.15nm. UV-vis absorption spectra in the wavelength range of 200-900 nm were obtained; energy band gap obtained approximately 2.52 eV in as prepared ZrO2 NPs. Using FT-IR, the functional group and band structure of ZrO2 were studied.
Effect of nano-crystallization and atomic substitution on electronic and heat properties of Bi2Te3
Authors: Rathore Vinod , Soni Shubhangi , Dixit R.C. , Choudhary K.K.
Published: November 2023

The specific heat of nano-crystalline (NC) Bi2Te3 (20 nm) in the temperature range of 150 K to 300 K is theoretically studied and compared with the specific heat of the bulk Bi2Te3 materials. Carrier concentration and Hall coefficient are also evaluated using free electron model and compared with experimental results. Lattice (phonon) specific heat has been observed with an overlap repulsive potential with the help of Debye model. For Nano Crystalline materials having high interface volume ratio, the Debye temperature and phonon frequencies are reasonably less at the interfaces than at the core of nano-crystal. Such softening of phonon frequencies at interfaces results in enhancement of Specific Heat in nano-structures. Total specific heat would include interface, core and electronic specific heat. The temperature derivative of the internal energy yields the electronic contribution to specific heat. The present analysis based on the softening of phonon frequencies mechanism is sufficient to describe the enhancement in specific heat by nano-crystallization.
Comparative study of Structural, Optical and Dielectric properties of [(PVP:PVA)-Cr3+] and [(PVP:PVA)-La3+] Composite films
Authors: Harinkhere Disha , Karma Nikita , Choudhary K K , Kaurav Netram
Published: November 2023

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer blend composite films doped with lanthanum (La) and chromium (Cr) ion were prepared via solution casting method. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used to examine the structural characteristics. UV-Visible photospectroscope was employed to measure optical properties and dielectric properties was measured using LCR meter. XRD results showed the semicrystalline behaviour of prepared films. Cr ion doped polymer blend composite film had an optical band gap of 4.17 eV, whereas La ion doped films had a band gap of 4.769 eV. From the comparative study of the (PVP:PVA)-Cr3+ and (PVP:PVA)-La3+ composite polymer films it was observed that La3+ doped film had lower dielectric constant. The ac conductivity of the (PVP:PVA)-Cr3+ film is found to be higher than the (PVP:PVA)-La3+ film.
Microwave frequency tunability via heterogeneous Oersted field tilted polarizer based spin torque nano oscillator
Authors: Bhoomeeswaran H , Sabareesan P
Published: November 2023

Here, we have devised a heterogeneous-based Tilted Polarizer [TP] Spin Torque Nano Oscillator [STNO] along with the consideration of the Current Induced Oersted Field [CIOF]. The magnetization precession dynamics governed by Spin Transfer Torque [STT] are studied by solving Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski [LLGS] equation numerically. Here, β refers to an independent tilt angle of the pinned layer, and θ refers to an angle between the free layer magnetization and the easy axis of the device, respectively. The device emits a maximum frequency of about 77.5 GHz and PSD of 1.3 µW/mA2/GHz with 50 kA/m as the strength of CIOF. The author sparks that the modeled OE TP STNO device applies to High-Frequency applications and paves the way for forthcoming spintronic devices in the future.
Preferential Solvation in Binary Liquid Mixtures with Norbornadiene
Authors: Verma Richa
Published: November 2023

Norbornadiene has been found useful in organic and polymer synthesis and recently its mixtures have been found useful in solar energy storage. Structure factors S(0) help to identify structure and binding at microscopic level and also play a significant role in understanding and characterizing exchanges in liquid systems. Preferential solvation Parameter δij provides information about deviation from ideal behavior for the solvent. In this work structure factors S(0) and preferential solvation Parameter δij were evaluated of binary Liquid Mixtures of Norbornadiene with Benzene, Cyclohexane, Decane, and Carbon Tetrachloride using Kirkwood Buff formalism. For the said binary mixtures experimental data pertaining to the calculations were taken from literature. Obtained results indicate that molecules which tend to form dipole interactions or hydrogen bonds form favorable interactions as seen in Norbornadiene + carbon tetrachloride where the small molecule of CCl4 is not sterically hindered to approach the polar Norbornadiene molecule. Long chain and ring structure of carbon have a negative influence on hetero interactions. Studying these parameters will develop predictive techniques to determine the right composition for optimum performance of the liquid mixture.
Local Structure studies of Schiff base dependent Cadmium complex
Authors: Sharma M , Jain A , Tripathi J , Singh J , Mishra A , Shrivastava B D
Published: November 2023

Cadmium complex with Schiff-base ligand has been receiving significant interest due to its wide variety of biological activities, such as antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral etc properties. The present paper deals with the Synthesis of Cadmium complex prepared by Schiff base ligand in the 2:1 (ligand: metal) equimolar ratio. The ligand was derived from 2-Aminopropanoic acid. The synthesized complex was used to characterize by X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy at cadmium K-edge. The studies revealed its octahedral coordination geometry with + 2 oxidation state of cadmium in the complex. The processed data of the complex was used to fit with the theoretical model generated from standard crystallographic data using FEFF calculations.
Thermal stability of natural fiber reinforced biodegradable composites
Authors: Yadav D , Singh G P , Nehra S , Joshi A
Published: November 2023

Polymer composites reinforced with natural fibers are being increasingly developed by researcher and scientist in the recent field of material science due to their various applications in aerospace, marine and industries. The hydrophilic natural fibers are incompatible with the hydrophobic polymer matrices this leads to less interfacial bonding between fibers and matrix. In this paper, fibers were collected from desert plant prosopis juliflora and NaOH treatment was done to increase interfacial bonding of fiber-Matrix. Prosopis Juliflora fiber reinforced phenol formaldehyde composites were prepared with different fiber loading up to 20wt% and then characterized by thermo gravimetric analysis. This paper describes thermal properties composites materials by Thermo gravimetric analysis TGA and Differential scanning calorimetric DSC analysis of composite materials with different heating rates and hence establishes a connection between temperature and physical properties of substances. This study highlights the potential of alkali treatment in improving the thermal stability of the composites. This paper concludes that by, increasing the fiber weight percentage (fiber loading) in PF resin does increase the thermal stability of the resulting composite. The mass residue of untreated fiber reinforced PF composites with fiber loading 15% wt. UTFRPFC 15was 35%, while treated fiber reinforced PF composites with fiber loading 15% wt. ATFRPFC 15 had a mass residue of 75% at a temperature of 400°C. This clearly shows that alkali treatment significantly enhances the thermal stability of the composites. Alkali pre-treatment activates the fibers’ surface and helps increase the fiber’s mechanical strength.
Monte carlo simulation of electron beams from varian truebeam linear accelerator used in radiotherapy: estimation of initial beam parameters
Authors: Unnikrishnan Sreekala , Gupta S K , Raghukumar P , Shine N S
Published: November 2023

In Radiotherapy (RT), electron beams are widely used to treat superficial tumours. The dose delivered to the patients was precisely estimated by Monte Carlo (MC) methods. MC codes need Initial Beam Parameter (IBP) [mean energy, energy spectrum, spot size] and structural details of the machines as input to predict the dose. This study determined the IBP of Varian TrueBeam (TB) Linear Accelerator using PRIMO and validated it using depth dose curves and profiles. The MC Code GEANT 4 (VirtuaLinac) and PENELOPE (PRIMO) were used. The energies used were 6,9,12 & 18 MeV, the applicator used was 10x10 cm2 and 25x25 cm2, and the source to surface distance value was set as 100cm. The MC model available in PRIMO for TB was validated. Initial mean energies were obtained of 6.81, 9.77, 13.15 and 19.79 MeV for 6, 9, 12 and 18 MeV nominal energies, respectively. Sigma of Gaussian distribution was estimated as 0.59, 0.62, 0.71 and 0.82, respectively. The average values of percentage dose difference between the measured and MC simulated PDD and profiles were within 5%. Found that PRIMO is a convenient and easy-to-operate software application with the potential to estimate dose distribution in water phantoms or CT Images precisely.
A Note on Magnetized and Self-Gravitating Dark Matter Halos with Bose-Einstein Condensation
Authors: Mansuri S , Pensia R K , Dashora H
Published: November 2023

In the present study, we assume a rotating, self-gravitating dark matter which is magnetized under the influence of Bose-Einstein condensation. For the condensate dark matter halos, the non-relativistic Gross-Pitaevskii equation is used and for the hydrodynamical evolution, continuity and modified Euler equation are considered. The modified Maxwell equation is also considered to show the influences of the magnetic field and finite electrical resistivity. We determine the dispersion relation and the Jeans wave number by assuming slight perturbations of the quantum hydrodynamical equations. From the findings, we found that the Jeans wave number depends on quantum potential and rotation. In the absence of resistivity, we observe that the Jeans wave number modifies due to the magnetic field also.
Implementation of Novel 2x2 Vedic Multiplier using QCA Technology
Authors: Sharma Virat , Chattopadhyay Manju K.
Published: November 2023

Advantages like working at high speed, scalability, and lower power consumption make QCA technology more feasible than modern CMOS technology. QCA Technology uses electrons’ Coulombic interaction and polarization to represent binary information 0 and 1. The present paper proposes a novel XOR Gate and a Half Adder design and uses them to implement a new 2x2 Vedic Multiplier on QCA technology. A 2x2 Vedic Multiplier multiplies two inputs, of two bits each, using Urdhva-Tiryakbhyam Vedic Sutra. The proposed circuit has a reduced cell count and Quantum cost compared Co-planar Vedic Multipliers to available in the literature. QCADesigner 2.0.3 is used for the simulation and verification of all three proposed circuits.
Initial Effects of Plasma Treatment on Maize Seeds: A Laboratory Study
Authors: Viliya Kundan , Sharma Uttam , Thakur Manisha , Sharma Jayshree , Guruprasad K N , Rane R , Ghosh J
Published: November 2023

Planning and modeling seed processing activities necessitate an understanding of the variances and relationships between the physical characteristics of seeds. The goal of this study is to establish the differences in fundamental physical features of selected maize seeds (Ganga Safed-2) and to find connections between these qualities following cold glow discharge plasma treatment. The effects of non-thermal plasma treatment of maize seeds on the rate of the seed’s physical properties like fresh weight, length, and dry weight have been investigated using a radiofrequency glow discharge plasma system. A cylindrical reactor is used for seed treatment. The treatment of maize seeds at 240 seconds and 30 watts has a great impact on their physical properties. We have used various types of gases for plasma treatment such as Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, hydrogen, and helium under atmospheric pressure and room temperature.
Fugacity Based EQC Level II Method: Prediction of Environmental Partitioning of a Fungicide Fluopyram
Authors: Qanungo Kushal , Kumari Anjali , Thakur Anjali
Published: November 2023

A fungicide Fluopyram has been subjected to an EQC Level 2 calculation using a fugacity-based environment model. According to the model, Fluopyram tends to build up in similar amounts in both soil and water. Sediment, soil, water, and air are predicted to contain the high concentration of the chemical. Fluopyram will be lost primarily by reaction (55.9%) and advection from water (39.7%). An overall residence time of 845 hours (35.3 days) is predicted by the model, as well as reaction and advection residence times of 1403 hours (58.5 days) and 2122 hours (88.4 days), respectively. Fluopyram is therefore not expected to be environmentally persistent, and reaction is predicted to be the key factor in the overall persistence. Fluopyram has a very low potential for atmospheric transport as only a very small portion of the chemical (2.42 x 10−03%) is predicted to leave the model environment in the advecting air
RP-HPLC Method Development, Validation Including Stability Indicating and Forced Degradation Studies for the Estimation of Pemetrexed in API and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Vallakeerthi Narmada , Sanjeev A. , Suman D. , Ravinder Nath A. , Muralidhar Reddy P.
Published: November 2023

Stability indicating analytical RP-HPLC (Reverse Phase- High performance Liquid Chromatography) method was developed for the analysis of the drug in the presence of its degradation products and subsequent validation of Pemetrexed that was conducted in API and pharmaceutical dosage form. Pemetrexed was subjected to different stress conditions as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, stress conditions applied were including the effect of acid, base, oxidative, hydrolysis, thermal and photolytic degradation conditions. Chromatographic separation of API (Active Pharmaceutical ingredient) was achieved on Water’s HPLC instrument and ODS C18, 250x4.6 mm, 5µm particle size column with gradient elution of 0.1% ortho phosphoric acid buffer: Acetonitrile 80:20 ratio was taken as the eluent (mobile phase). The buffer pH was maintained at 3, the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and wavelength were detected at 225 nm. The Retention time (RT) of Pemetrexed was Found at 2.9 minutes, column temperature was kept ambient and the runtime was 6 min. System suitability parameters like theoretical plates, tailing factor, and Asymmetry values were showed at 3391, 1.41, and 1.101 respectively. The percentage drug purity was found to be 99.99%. Validation of the method was proved that linear relationship over the range of 25-150 µg/mL, with linear regression curve (correlation coefficient) r2value was noticed at 0.999 and LOD (limit of detection), LOQ (limit of quantification) values was established at 0.33µg/mL, 0.99µg/mL respectively. Recovery studies carried out at the concentrations of 50%, 100% and 150% with percentage recovery values of 100.06, 99.8 and 99.87 respectively. The precision of intraday was 0.64% and inter-day was 0.95%. Robustness of flow rate and mobile phase was changed even though the method was Robust. Forced degradation studies were also conducted to check the stability and suitability of this method to resolve the degradation products. Method validation was proved to be accurate, precise, linear, repeatable and robust. Thus, the accepted method can be proceeded for the estimation of Pemetrexed in pharmaceutical dosage form in a daily basis, due to their simplicity, suitability, accuracy, robustness and reproducibility.
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential oil Extracted from Trachyspermum Ammi (ajwain) Seeds: an In-vitro Study
Authors: Paliwal N. , Dwivedi M. K. , Shrivastava P. , Malviya V. , Malviya R. , Yadav A.
Published: November 2023

The food industry uses essential oils derived from natural sources as flavouring and preservatives. The purpose of this study is to investigate how temperature affects the essential oil extracted from Trachyspermum ammi, seeds which has the best antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, in order to find a green substitute for toxic chemically produced preservatives used in food and pharmaceutical chemistry. Trachyspermum ammi (ajwain seeds) seeds were hydrodistilled at various temperatures (60°C to 90°C). The amount of essential oil was found to decrease on increasing temperature (2.1ml, 1.5 ml and 1.0 ml at 70°C, 80°C, and 90°C respectively). Hence, 70°C was the ideal temperature for extracting the essential oil from ajwain seeds. 25 components were discovered in the essential oil extracted from ajwain seeds by GC-MS technique. The predominant ingredient was shown to be thymol (31.40%). The percentages of scavenger activity against hydrogen peroxide were 70.75%, 86.99%, and 95.28% for 70°C, 80°C, and 90°C respectively. Due to the presence of the largest concentration of thymol (67.66%), the results showed that essential oil extracted at 90°C demonstrated the highest level of antioxidant property. By using the disc diffusion method, the antimicrobial activity of an essential oil made from ajwain seeds was evaluated. MIC50 of standard essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi seeds against gram positive strain was observed 10 µL/mL of culture and 25µL/mL of culture was observed against gram negative bacteria. Essential oil extracted at 70°C showed antimicrobial activity by forming zones of inhibition with diameters including discs of 18.3 mm and 14.36 mm against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. Essential oil extracted at 80°C produced zones of inhibition with diameters of 18.68 mm and 15.30 mm, respectively. In the case of essential oil extracted at 90°C, the zones of inhibition against S. aureus and E. coli had diameters of 18.690.3 mm and 15.38 mm, respectively. As a result, using Trachyspermum ammi essential oil as a food preservative and the temperature at which it is extracted are unaffected by an increase in extraction temperature. Hence, essential oil obtained from Trachyspermum ammi seeds can be used as green alternative of chemically synthesized toxic preservatives used in food and pharmaceutical chemistry.