bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Canons of Eusebius of Caesarea in The Evangeliarium Anastasiae of the 12th century
Authors: Misiarczyk Leszek
Published: August 2021

The article publishes for the first time the famous Canons of Eusebius of Caesarea inscribed in medieval codex called Evangelarium Anastasiae. The comparison between the Canons of Eusebius, included in Evangelarium Anastasiae and the ones from the famous Bible of Płock, confirm the strict dependance between the two indicated codexes. Thanks to two notes on the miracles which took place in the cathedral of Płock in 1148 and have been described in the Bible of Płock we know that the Bible should have been in Płock at this time, so it seems reasonable to suppose that also Evangelarium Anastasiae would have been transcribed in the local scriptorium in the middle of XII century.
Tithe in the legislation of polish diocesan synods in XIII-XV centuries
Authors: Zarosa Wojciech
Published: August 2021

The issue of tithes was a very important aspect of the diocesan synods’ legislative activity. It is also argued that tithes had a great importance for ecclesiastical institutions’ functioning. The author makes an attempt to interpret and analyse the most important tithe statutes which were issued between XIIth and XVth century. The author focuses on the Archdiocese of Gniezno, diocese of Cracovia, diocese of Breslau, diocese of Plock and diocese of Poznan. These dioceses were responsible for customising the norms of the canon law to regional principle. Those were issued by legate and provincial synods. It is worth noting that diocesan synods reacted for new occurrences and processes having political, economic or social character.

The regulation of the internal church’s web of tithes was one of the most important issues which the diocesan synods’ legislation had to deal with. The creation of new structures resulted in the progressive erosion of parish structures. By that time it was hard to decide who should receive the tithes. Diocesan synods, basing on the common norms, decided to give the tithe only to clergyman who provided priestly activity (cura animarum). It was also banned to receive decima vagas – unspecified tithes.

 The 14th century brought new trends of tithe payment. The nobility started to struggle with the priesthood having power and position in Poland, of which the best example and symbol was Cracovian Bishop – Zbigniew Oleśnicki (1423-1455). The indicated movement stood against tithes as well as made attempts to restrain the tithe obligations.

The issue of tithes was a very important aspect of the diocesan synods’ legislative activity. It is also argument that tithes had a great importance for ecclesiastical institutions’ functioning.
The report from the chronicle by Stefan Ranatowicz CRL (1617-1694) on the biographies of the provosts of the Corpus Christi monastery of Canons Regular of the Lateran of the Cracow congregation (from Konrad Aleman to Wiktoryn Wereszczyński)
Authors: Pęgier Małgorzata
Published: August 2021

The presented article is a discussion of biographies of 13 subsequent provosts of the monastery of Canons Regular of Lateran of Krakow Congregation, at the Corpus Christi church in Kazimierz district. The author of the chronicle, father Stefan Ranatowicz, lived in the years 1617-1694, in Kazimierz near Krakow, where he learned at the parish school at the Corpus Christi church and studied at the Krakow Academy (in the years 1635-1636). In the autumn of 1636, he joined the congregation of Canons Regular of Lateran. He was one of the leading historiographers of his order. His most important work is the Chronicle with the Latin title: Casimiriae civitatis, urbi Cracoviensi confrontatae, origo. in eaque ecclesiarum erectiones et religiosorum fundationes, nec non series, vitae, res gestae praepositorum Conventus Canonicorum Regularium Lateranensium S[ancti] Augustini ad Ecclesiam S[acratis]S[imi] Corporis Christi descriptae a Stephano Ranothowicz eiusdem conventus et Ecclesiae Canonico Regul[ari] professo. Its main section contains biographies of provosts of the Krakow monastery, from Konrad Aleman to Wiktoryn Wereszczyński. Apart from topics related directly with monastic matters, the author also discussed many issues relating to daily, religious, as well as cultural life of Kazimierz and Krakow, and also often mentioned social and economic matters concerning also the entire Polish State.
The Oldest Hebrew Alphabetic Inscriptions (The Epigraphical Analysis)
Authors: Nowogórski Przemysław
Published: August 2021

Contemporarily the academia has six of the oldest Hebrew alphabetic inscriptions: ostracon from ʼIzbet Ṣartah (about 1200 BC), inscription from Tel Zayit (/ 11th / half of 10th century BC), ostracon from Chirbet Qeiyafa (decline 11th - the first half of 10th century BC – reign of Saul ); a new inscription from Chirbet Qeiyafa (dated as the previous one); new ostracon form Ophel, Jerusalem (11th or half of 10th BC – reign of Solomon, it is also the oldest Hebrew inscription from the area of Jerusalem); Gezer Calendar (second half of 10th BC – reign of Solomon or the first half of the ninth century BC). This article discusses the contemporary state of research on early Hebrew inscriptions. It also presents the author's own findings and related issues on ancient Hebrew epigraphic.
Antoni Messing- co-creator of the Blessed Virgin Mary's statue located in front of the Reformed Church and co-author of series of tombstones patterned after it and raised at the cemeteries of Warsaw
Authors: Wiraszka Marta
Published: August 2021

Antoni Messing (ca. 1821-1867) the owner of the stone workshop located in Warsaw on 6 Powązkowska Street (mtge. 27C) is currently most famous for one monument- the Statue of the Virgin Mary of Immaculate Conception which was placed in front of the Church of St Antony of Padua on Senatorska Street (1851). What made this monument different from other independently standing monuments was the use of lanterns which at evening time illuminated the statue of the Virgin (1853). The innovative idea spread not only around Warsaw, but also outside the city boundaries.

            References to the monument elevated by Messing were not limited to the way and form of illuminating the statue. The inventory research conducted on Warsaw cemeteries enable the extraction of a group of tombstones imitating the shape and the decor of the plinth of the statue of the Virgin. The number of examples of this collection of tombstones numbers 19. Their execution dates back to the period 1853-1874 - with one exception only, all of them were elevated during the period of Antoni Messing’s ownership of the stone workshop. All of them represent the same commemoration in the form of a crucifix located on a plinth. Examples can be separated into two groups. One, comprising 8 tombstones, the closest to the original, the other, comprising 11 examples preserves the architectural structure without the sculptural decor. The origin of the formal concept is to be traced in the project of Henryk Marconi’s garden vase designed for Wilanowski Park (ca. 1845-1851) as well as the finishing elements of the Stanisław and Antoni Potocki’s tombstones. Consequently, the contribution of Messing consists in the creation of the series of tombstones modelled on the statue of the Virgin Mary rather than the originality of the project.
The repositories of the Prussian State Library collection in Lower Silesia during the World War II
Authors: Kudelski Jarosław Robert
Published: August 2021

German cultural institutions had been conducting preparations to secure their collections in the event of a war since mid-1930s. The Prussian State Library, the holdings of which included the most precious German manuscripts and prints, was one of those institutions. Air attacks carried out on the capital of the Third Reich triggered the decision to evacuate the collection to Thüringen, Brandenburg, Pomerania and Lower Silesia. Largest deposits had been located in the latter. The unique heritage items stored there included medieval manuscripts, prayer books, music autographs and newspaper yearbooks as well as letters and private documents of many prominent representatives of German culture and art. Those items were evacuated, among other places, to Fürstenstein (Książ) Gießmannsdorf (Gościszów), Gröditzburg (Grodziec), Grüssau (Krzeszów), Fischbach (Karpniki) and Hirschberg (Jelenia Góra). The evacuation was conducted in cooperation with the heritage conservator for Lower Silesia, professor Günther Grundmann. With his assistance, in the course of a few years, a unique collection was created in Lower Silesia. Towards the end of the war the collection was deprived of proper care, as the authorities lacked resources to secure it. This resulted in the destruction of some items during military actions. The remaining parts of the collection had been taken over by Polish officials and were transferred to library collections in Krakow, Warszawa, Olsztyn, Toruń, Lublin and Łódź.
Cloistral scriptoria and medieval Cistercian legislation on the book
Authors: Marszalska Jolanta M.
Published: August 2021

The earliest books in the early Piast state in the second half of the 10th century were likely imported from the Benedictine scriptoria in Bavaria, Saxony, Rhineland, and Lorraine. These manuscripts contained Biblical texts and liturgical books indispensible for celebrating the Mass. The 12th-century precepts determining the establishment of new Cistercian cloisters necessitated the parent monastery to provide the monks delegated to the new coenobium with at least nine basic and indispensible books: the Missal, the Epistolary, the Gospels, the Gradual, the Antiphonary, the Hymnal, the Psalter, the Lectionary, and the Calendar. The said regulations rendered the work of copyists particularly important. One testament to the weight of the Cistercian cloister scribes was their exemption by the General Chapter from other monastic duties performed for their respective monasteries, coupled with dispensation from prescribed rest in favor of additional work (if so required). Apart from the reproduction of liturgical texts and memorative libri vivorum et mortuorum, the Cistercian scriptoria also saw the edition of the running administrative and economic records of a given monastery. Working in the silence of the scriptorium, monks would edit the cloistral yearbooks, obituaries, monastery chronicles, and rhymed epitaphs. They contained notes of daily life outside the enclosure, the names and functions of individual friars, notes of watershed events taking place away from the monastery, and mentions of natural disasters (floods, fires, epidemics) in the surrounding areas, along with the incurred losses. The surviving monastery chronicles provide invaluable insight to the sensibilities and interpersonal relations of cloistered communities, as well as their relations with the immediate surroundings, and manifestations of medieval worldviews.
An outline of John Calvin’s teachings on the Church in the light of Institutio Religionis Christianae (1543)
Authors: Wodziński Grzegorz
Published: August 2021

One of the main postulates of the reformation movement, apart from the theological questions, was a proposal of the internal reform of the church institution. The Father of the Reformation, as Rev. Martin Luther is called in the source literature, raised the questions concerning the mission of the Church, its role in the magisterium, and, perhaps above all, its hierarchical structure and the role of the clergy in the process of eternal salvation. As a result of his reflections, observations, and personal experience, Luther successively undermined different dogmatic, theological questions, as well as those regarding the organization of the Roman Catholic Church. Slogans of renewal and reforms of the church structure spread very rapidly through the territory of German Reich, gaining numerous supporters among the European states. One of those for whom the Reformation ideas became the main field of activity was John Calvin of France. A well-rounded, well educated, and well-read lawyer, familiar with the main works of the German monk, Calvin’s principal theses postulated changes in the functioning of the Church. Additionally, Calvin proposed to distinguish between two dimensions of the Church, i.e. the earthly (visible) and the heavenly (invisible) one, with Jesus Christ as the highest priest, bonding the Church together and guaranteeing its unity, permanence, and indivisibility. Calvin’s opus magnum, Institucio Religionis Christianae, represents to the fullest his vision of the Christian Church as he thought it should be. An analysis of specific issues regarding the function of the clergymen, the role of the pope, the celebration of the sacraments, penance and conversion, as well as eternal salvation, gives an insight into the basic compendium of ecclesiological knowledge compiled by Calvin. His teachings about the Church, although in some points different from those of Rev. Martin Luther, nonetheless oscillate within the principal slogans of Reformation: Sola Fides – the man is saved solely by faith, Sola Gratia – God’s grace is necessary for salvation, Sola Scriptura – the only source of faith is the Holy Bible. Calvin’s own idea was that of Solus Christus – salvation can be reached solely through Christ as the centre of the Church. Calvin’s Christ-centric attitude reveals itself to the fullest in his preaching and the ideological foundations he established for the reformed denomination.
Jacek (Hiacynt) Boratyński – Żydaczów Cupbearer and Lieutenant of the hussars during the Polish-Ottoman wars in the 2nd half of the 17th century. Study of the Profession of the soldier
Authors: Hundert Zbigniew
Published: August 2021

Throughout his military career, Jacek Boratyński served in one formation – the winged hussars (husaria). Between 1666 and 1676, he was a companion (towarzysz) in two hussars’ banners (companies): initially in one of Aleksander Michał Lubomirski, Voivode of Krakow, then after 1668 in that of Jan Sobieski, Grand Marshal and Grand Crown (Polish) Hetman (since 1674 King John III). In 1676 he became lieutenant in the hussars’ banner of Jan Gniński, Voivode of Chełmno (since 1682 Crown Vice-Chancellor). In this capacity, as an officer of Polish lancers, he took part in Gniński’s mission to Istanbul (1677–1678) and in the relief operation of Vienna in 1683. He was part of the group of soldiers that were under patronage of Grand Crown Hetman Stanisław Jabłonowski. Between 1676 and 1696 (exact date unknown), Boratyński was one of the commanders in charge of the hetman’s cavalry regiment (pułk). Thanks to military service and patronage, especially of Gniński, he received land office ranks: first Cupbearer (cześnik) of Sanok, then Deputy Cupbearer (podczaszy) of Żydaczów. His military service offers a perfect benchmark for biographical studies of other crown officers of the same rank.
"Romeo and Juliet" by Peter Tchaikovsky. The 400th anniversary of William Shakespeare's death
Authors: Grajewski Czesław
Published: August 2021

With the biography of P. Tchaikovsky in the background, the author describes the circumstances of the creation of the overture Romeo and Juliet. Then he briefly analyses the composition itself and describes its character.
The national camp and the concept of a federation during the Second World War
Authors: Miszewski Dariusz
Published: August 2021

During the Second World War, the national camp preached the idea of imperialism in Central Europe. Built peacefully, the Polish empire was supposed to protect the independence and security of countries in Central Europe against Germany and the Soviet Union, and thus went by the name of “the Great Poland”. As part of the empire, nation-states were retained. The national camp was opposed to the idea of the federation as promoted by the government-in-exile. The “national camp” saw the idea of federation on the regional, European and global level as obsolete. Post-war international cooperation was based on nation states and their alliances.
A influência Portuguesa na construção da justiça no Brasil
Authors: Baia Marcelo Santos
Published: August 2021

O modo de produção, de comércio e o domínio do mais poderoso sobre o mais fraco é uma característica da própria humanidade desde sempre. Ao analisar tais fatores em várias etapas da história da sociedade ocidental é possível estabelecer um espaço tempo que foi retratado por historiadores. Ao trazer tais conceitos para a história do Direito e da Justiça no Brasil e em Portugal e possível estabelecer de forma clara o poder da metrópole sob a colônia e as características feudais presentes nesta relação, mesmo no século XVII. Este artigo tem por objetivo realizar uma abordagem no  âmbito do Direito Comparado acerca da evolução da Justiça em Portugal e a sua influência na construção da Justiça no Brasil. Para isso foram estabelecidos como objetivos específicos apresentar um breve históricos acerca da construção da Justiça em Portugal; rever como era a Justiça no Brasil colônia; e por fim abordar o que mudou após a independência do Brasil. Como metodologia de pesquisa adotou-se a revisão documental de Portugal e do Brasil, e de literatura baseada em livros, dissertações e artigos científicos publicados em revistas científicas e repositórios acadêmicos em língua portuguesa com conteúdo pertinente ao tema abordado.
Entre rupturas e ajustes: o Ratio Studiorum e a educação brasileira
Authors: Soares Pardal Keila , Ferreira Monteiro Angelo
Published: August 2021

Analisou-se os impactos causados pela Igreja Católica na Educação Brasileira com a vinda daCompanhia de Jesus para o Brasil em 1549, na busca de saber quais estratégias usaram para acatequização, métodos educacionais que foram utilizados e os impactos na EducaçãoBrasileira e como hoje no século XXI podemos perceber resquícios dessa educação. Algunsautores sinalizam algumas possibilidades de pesquisa como, a persistência de métodos nacontemporaneidade, a mudança de cultura da sociedade brasileira e os dogmas católicos doperíodo colonial, como também as diferenças de educação nos diferentes grupos sociais,buscando assim esclarecer algumas destas questões. Analisou-se ainda, as contribuições dosjesuítas na Educação Brasileira, sinalizando o primeiro contato com os nativos, e como aolongo desse tempo as rupturas nos métodos educacionais aplicados na Educação Brasileirapodem ser observadas na sociedade atual. Como metodologia este trabalho teve a revisão deliteratura e fontes como livros e artigos científicos, dissertações e teses. Este estudodemonstrou, como que a reforma Pombalina interferiu no avanço desta educação trazendo umretrocesso neste aspecto e como a Ratio Studiorum serviu como ferramenta para oseducadores jesuítas.
A perspectiva do estudante do Curso Técnico em Agropecuária do Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí quanto à importância e eficácia do Programa de Residência Estudantil para sua formação
Authors: Rodrigues Silva Luci , Maria Melo Gonçalves Sílvia
Published: August 2021

A educação é referendada legalmente como um dos direitos fundamentais do cidadão, se fazendo em um forte instrumento no exercício da cidadania. As políticas educacionais são criadas para oferecer garantia de acesso a esse direito. A Assistência Estudantil se encontra no bojo dessas políticas e se apresenta como mecanismo que visa contribuir com o processo de criação, ampliação e consolidação de ações que propiciem a permanência do estudante nas Instituições. Fazem parte das políticas de assistência estudantil os programas de moradia estudantil, foco do estudo em questão. Assim, neste trabalho, o objetivo foi investigar o Programa de Residência Estudantil do Campus Urutaí, analisando a percepção dos alunos do curso Técnico em Agropecuária moradores da Residência, no que diz respeito aos reflexos desse programa em sua permanência e formação no curso. Através de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com base na análise de conteúdo de Bardin, traçamos o perfil desse estudante e analisamos sua percepção quanto ao referido programa. Concluímos que estes discentes consideram a importância do Programa, como sendo um possibilitador de suas permanências, porém, também encontram problemas em sua execução. Através desta análise, conseguimos obter dados e informações relevantes ao acompanhamento e a avaliação deste programa, que podem vir a subsidiar o planejamento e a formulação de intervenções junto ao mesmo.

 

Palavras chaves: assistência estudantil; residência estudantil; moradia estudantil e permanência
Feruloyl Sucrose Esters: Potent and Selective Inhibitors of α-glucosidase and α-amylase
Authors: Devaraj Surabhi , Yip Yew Mun , Panda Parthasarathi , Ong Li Lin , Wong Pooi Wen Kathy , Zhang Dawei , Ali Yusuf , Judeh Zaher
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

Feruloyl Sucrose Esters (FSEs) are a class of Phenylpropanoid
Sucrose Esters (PSEs) widely distributed in plants. They were investigated as potential selective
Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors (AGIs) to eliminate the side effects associated with
the current commercial AGIs. The latter effectively lowers blood glucose levels in diabetic
patients but causes severe gastrointestinal side effects.

Methods:

Systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies using in silico, in vitro
and in vivo experiments were used to accomplish this aim. FSEs were evaluated for their
in vitro inhibition of starch and oligosaccharide digesting enzymes α-glucosidase and α-
amylase followed by in silico docking studies to identify the binding modes. A lead candidate,
FSE 12 was investigated in an STZ mouse model.

Results:

All active FSEs showed desired higher % inhibition of α-glucosidase and desired
lower inhibition of α-amylase in comparison to AGI gold standard acarbose. This suggests
a greater selectivity of the FSEs towards α-glucosidase than α-amylase, which is
proposed to eliminate the gastrointestinal side effects. From the in vitro studies, the position
and number of the feruloyl substituents on the sucrose core, the aromatic ‘OH’ group,
and the diisopropylidene bridges were key determinants of the % inhibition of α-
glucosidase and α-amylase. In particular, the diisopropylidene bridges are critical for
achieving inhibition selectivity. Molecular docking studies of the FSEs corroborates the in
vitro results. The molecular docking studies further reveal that the presence of free aromatic
‘OH’ groups and the substitution at position 3 on the sucrose core are critical for the
inhibition of both the enzymes. From the in vitro and molecular docking studies, FSE 12
was selected as a lead candidate for validation in vivo. The oral co-administration of FSE
12 with starch abrogated the increase in post-prandial glucose and significantly reduced
blood glucose excursion in STZ-treated mice compared to control (starch only) mice.

Conclusion:

Our studies reveal the potential of FSEs as selective AGIs for the treatment of
diabetes, with a hypothetical reduction of side effects associated with commercial AGIs.
THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE STUDY OF BROCA'S APHASIA
Authors: Lian Lau Yoke , Kim Loi Chek , Nor Azan bin Abdullah Mohd
Published: August 2021

Broca's aphasia is a type of aphasia named after the French surgeon Broca. Broca's aphasic patients experienced difficulty in speaking, but they could understand both spoken and written language. There were three essential patients in the historical development of the study of Broca's aphasia. Louis Victor Leborgne (1809–1861) was also known as Monsieur Leborgne or 'Tan' as he could only utter the syllable 'Tan' throughout his 21 years of illness. The second patient was called Lazare Lelong. His language ability was slightly better than Leborgne. He could utter simple syllables, such as oui (yes), non (no), and this (trois or three). The third patient was Gage, a railway company worker. Broca studied similar cases in the following years and planned a brain function localization theory.
Lungworm infection with Otostrongylus circumlitus in a free-ranging harbor seal (Phoca vitulina)
Authors: Geerinckx L. , Jonker A. , Van Brantegem L. , De Laender P. , De Wilde N. , Claerebout E. , Chiers K.
Published: August 2021

A young wild harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) was found stranded on the North Sea coast at Kok- sijde (Belgium)and was admitted to a rehabilitation center where it died one day later. Full ne- cropsy with histopathology was performed. Gross examination revealed severe diffuse hemorr- hagic and emphysematous pneumonia with the presence of 6-10 cm-large nematodes. The nema- todes were found in the trachea, large bronchi, right heart and pulmonary arteries, and subsequently identified as Otostrongylus circumlitus. Histologic examination demonstrated severe eosinophilic to granulomatous bronchointerstitial pneumonia with intralesional nematodes. It was concluded that the seal died of severe verminous pneumonia. In this case report, the importance of lungworm infection, which is a common and critical disease in young seals, is highlighted.
Is there a rationale to supplement hepatotropic factors to dogs with multiple acquired portosystemic shunts secondary to congenital portosystemic shunt attenuation?
Authors: Van Acker L. , De Rooster H. , Serrano G. , Paepe D. , De Spiegelaere W. , Devriendt N.
Published: August 2021

Experimental rat models and clinical trials in human patients with liver cirrhosis show evidence that supplementation with hepatotropic factors provides therapeutic benefits. This form of support has not yet been described in dogs with multiple acquired portosystemic shunts (MAPSS) despite similarities between both pathological conditions. Especially hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and branched chain amino acids (BCAA) deserve closer attention. High-quality vegetable rather than animal proteins have been suggested to form an excellent dietary source of BCAA, and leucine seems the best candidate for supplementation given its stimulating effects on liver function in general and on HGF secretion specifically. Research on optimal ways of administration of HGF in dogs with MAPSS secondary to congenital portosystemic shunt attenuation is necessary before clinical trials can be initiated.
Financial Incentives for Healthy Living for Patients With Cardiac Disease From the Perspective of Health Care Professionals: Interview Study (Preprint)
Authors: de Buisonjé David , Van der Geer Jessica , Keesman Mike , Van der Vaart Roos , Reijnders Thomas , Wentzel Jobke , Kemps Hareld , Kraaijenhagen Roderik , Janssen Veronica , Evers Andrea
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

A promising new approach to support lifestyle changes in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the use of financial incentives. Although financial incentives have proven to be effective, their implementation remains controversial, and ethical objections have been raised. It is unknown whether health care professionals (HCPs) involved in CVD care find it acceptable to provide financial incentives to patients with CVD as support for lifestyle change.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate HCPs’ perspectives on using financial incentives to support healthy living for patients with CVD. More specifically, we aim to provide insight into attitudes toward using financial incentives as well as obstacles and facilitators of implementing financial incentives in current CVD care.

METHODS

A total of 16 semistructured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted with Dutch HCPs involved in supporting patients with CVD with lifestyle changes. The topics discussed were attitudes toward an incentive system, obstacles to using an incentive system, and possible solutions to facilitate the use of an incentive system.

RESULTS

HCPs perceived an incentive system for healthy living for patients with CVD as possibly effective and showed generally high acceptance. However, there were concerns related to focusing too much on the extrinsic aspects of lifestyle change, disengagement when rewards are insignificant, paternalization and threatening autonomy, and low digital literacy in the target group. According to HCPs, solutions to mitigate these concerns included emphasizing intrinsic aspects of healthy living while giving extrinsic rewards, integrating social aspects to increase engagement, supporting autonomy by allowing freedom of choice in rewards, and aiming for a target group that can work with the necessary technology.

CONCLUSIONS

This study mapped perspectives of Dutch HCPs and showed that attitudes are predominantly positive, provided that contextual factors, design, and target groups are accurately considered. Concerns about digital literacy in the target group are novel findings that warrant further investigation. Follow-up research is needed to validate these insights among patients with CVD.
An Informed Decision – Responsibility of One towards Oneself (Preprint)
Authors: Mulkalwar Alhad
Published: August 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Persuasion of a career in Medical Sciences in India requires the student to undertake M.B.B.S, a five year long rigorous and comprehensive course which transforms them into young healthcare professionals of tomorrow. However, a significant aspect missing from almost all the components – students’ approach, curriculum, teaching, etc is that of exploration of different career avenues within and beyond the domain of healthcare, which one could pursue post their graduation. This article throws light upon the measures we as members of the medical fraternity can adopt so as to better enlighten students at different stages of their graduation about the different career avenues for them to make an informed decision about their future.
The Effects of a Computer Game (Healthy Rat King) on Preschool Children’s Nutritional Knowledge and Junk Food Intake Behavior: Nonrandomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Chang Ing-Chau , Yang Cheng-Ying , Yen Chin-En
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Playing computer-aided games could enhance children’s interest in learning about nutritional knowledge and eventually promote healthy dietary intake behavior.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a computer game (Healthy Rat King) in improving the knowledge on nutrition and junk food intake among preschool children in Taiwan.

METHODS

This was a quasi-experimental study that utilized the computer game Healthy Rat King as the nutrition education tool. We recruited 104 preschool children (aged 5-6 years) from preschools in central Taiwan, who were assigned to either the experimental group (n=56) or the control group (n=48). In the experimental group, a 1-hour computer-based educational game intervention was included in the course for 4 consecutive weeks. The control group did not receive this intervention.

RESULTS

The level of nutritional knowledge for children in the experimental group was significantly higher than those in the control group after 4 weeks (P=.002). Furthermore, the frequency of consumption of chocolate, candies, and ice cream (high-calorie junk food) was reduced in the experimental group. There was also no significant difference in the consumption of candy and chocolate (P=.54), ice cream and ice pops (P=.21), cake (P=.92), biscuit (P=.98), soft drinks (P=.52), and fruit juice and sugary drinks (P=.31) between the 2 groups in the posttest.

CONCLUSIONS

Teaching using a computer game could improve children’s nutritional knowledge. However, the intake frequency of junk food among children in the experimental group showed no significant difference from those in the control group.
Differential Expression of Long Noncoding RNAs in Murine Myoblasts After Short Hairpin RNA-Mediated Dysferlin Silencing In Vitro: Microarray Profiling (Preprint)
Authors: Singhal Richa , Lukose Rachel , Carr Gwenyth , Moktar Afsoon , Gonzales-Urday Ana Lucia , Rouchka Eric C , Vajravelu Bathri N
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are noncoding RNA transcripts greater than 200 nucleotides in length and are known to play a role in regulating the transcription of genes involved in vital cellular functions. We hypothesized the disease process in dysferlinopathy is linked to an aberrant expression of lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs).

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we compared the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles between wild-type and dysferlin-deficient murine myoblasts (C2C12 cells).

METHODS

LncRNA and mRNA expression profiling were performed using a microarray. Several lncRNAs with differential expression were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was performed to understand the functional role of the differentially expressed mRNAs. Further bioinformatics analysis was used to explore the potential function, lncRNA-mRNA correlation, and potential targets of the differentially expressed lncRNAs.

RESULTS

We found 3195 lncRNAs and 1966 mRNAs that were differentially expressed. The chromosomal distribution of the differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs was unequal, with chromosome 2 having the highest number of lncRNAs and chromosome 7 having the highest number of mRNAs that were differentially expressed. Pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicated the involvement of several signaling pathways including PI3K-Akt, Hippo, and pathways regulating the pluripotency of stem cells. The differentially expressed genes were also enriched for the GO terms, developmental process and muscle system process. Network analysis identified 8 statistically significant (P<.05) network objects from the upregulated lncRNAs and 3 statistically significant network objects from the downregulated lncRNAs.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results thus far imply that dysferlinopathy is associated with an aberrant expression of multiple lncRNAs, many of which may have a specific function in the disease process. GO terms and network analysis suggest a muscle-specific role for these lncRNAs. To elucidate the specific roles of these abnormally expressed noncoding RNAs, further studies engineering their expression are required.
Using Video Games to Improve the Sexual Health of Young People Aged 15 to 25 Years: Rapid Review (Preprint)
Authors: Franco Vega Ignacio , Eleftheriou Anastasia , Graham Cynthia
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies among young people remain public health concerns in many countries. To date, interventions that address these concerns have had limited success. Serious games are increasingly being used as educational tools in health and professional public education. Although acknowledged as having great potential, few studies have evaluated the use of serious games in sexual health education among young people, and to date, there have been no published reviews of these studies.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the effects of video game–based sexual health interventions for risky sexual behavior in young people aged between 15 and 25 years.

METHODS

A rapid review of randomized controlled trials and quasi–randomized controlled trials was performed. The search included the following bibliographic databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus. A total of 2 reviewers independently screened 50% (35/70) of the retrieved articles during the full-text screening phase.

RESULTS

From a total of 459 identified citations, after removing duplicates, 327 (71.2%) articles were deemed eligible for title and abstract screening. Of the 327 articles, 70 (21.4%) full texts were screened, from which 10 (3.1%) articles (evaluating 11 different games) were included in the review. The findings highlighted the considerable diversity in video game–based interventions and assessed sexual health outcomes. Although there were some promising findings in outcome studies using game-based interventions, the results across studies were mixed.

CONCLUSIONS

Although game interventions for sexual health have been in existence for almost three decades, relatively few studies have evaluated them, and the results of previous outcome studies have been mixed. Moreover, there is little clarity regarding which specific elements of a game facilitate positive outcomes. We provide recommendations for future researchers developing video game–based interventions to improve sexual health in young people.
Who is the Ultimate Dream Weaver in John Keats’s The Eve of St. Agnes?
Authors: Peng Jiayu , Cui Dan
Published: August 2021

This article aims to interpret dreams in John Keats’s narrative The Eve of St. Agnes from different perspectives: the Beadsman’s, Porphyro’s, Madeline’s and John Keats’s, the poet. We will analyze their functions respectively, and then draw a conclusion of Keats’s purpose in structuring such a way of weaving dreams. After summarizing studies and theories on dream and soul from the perspective of psychoanalysis and scholars’ views on The Eve of St. Agnes, we will continue to illustrate the ways in which John Keats constructs three layers of dreams with the pertinent approaches by Freud, Fromm, Lacan, Rank, Žižek, etc. so as to reveal John Keats’s viewpoints on life and death, dream and reality, and pleasure and pain.
The Gambia: Citizenship and Civic Consciousness
Authors: Janneh Fatou
Published: August 2021

Citizens are an important component of national development enterprise. This is because citizenship is crucial to the promotion of nationhood. But being a citizen alone means very little if it does not come with certain responsibilities and civic consciousness. Through the historical lens of The Gambia, this paper argues, an understanding of citizenship and civic consciousness is necessary for sustained national development. It draws an interrelation among these concepts. Therefore, supports for responsible citizenship through education and emphasizes education’s role in attaining national development. Also, refers to primary and secondary sources. It uses oral interviews, content analysis of government publications, academic journals, books, and media reports to provide context to the paper. The article suggests some viable strategies for sustainable national development in The Gambia such as free and fair election, informed citizenry, visionary leadership and vibrant civil society organizations.
Austeridad y nuevas dinámicas productivas
Authors: Correa Eugenia
Published: August 2021

Este libro sostiene la hipótesis que muchos de los procesos que condujeron a la crisis de 2007-2008, aún continúan presentes en la economía. Los caminos tomados para su resolución, no solamente se ha demostrado que fueron equivocados, sino que conducirán a nuevos episodios de crisis aún más difíciles de enfrentar. Por ello, se hace más necesario reflexionar sobre las alternativas de salida de la crisis y la construcción de una vía o mejor dicho de múltiples vías de desarrollo. Como sostiene José Déniz en este libro, necesitamos combatir las políticas “austeritarias”, cuya austeridad sin límites y selectiva destruyen las conquistas sociales y el estado del bienestar alcanzado y que con su autoritarismo rompen con la democracia, la que se fundamenta en la igualdad, pero también en la libertad y la fraternidad.
Efectos del cambio climático en el crecimiento económico de México
Authors:   Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas, Sánchez Vargas Armando
Published: August 2021

Durante el último siglo el clima en el planeta ha experimentado cambios nunca antes vistos, los cuales se asocian principalmente con las acciones de la actividad humana. La temperatura media ha aumentado y los patrones de lluvia han sido más variables. Diversos estudios estiman que las manifestaciones del cambio climático y sus efectos serán cada vez mayores en las siguientes décadas. Además, se sabe que el cambio en las variables climáticas también tienen consecuencias en la esfera económica. En esta obra analizamos los efectos que el cambio climático genera sobre el crecimiento económico de México en los ámbitos estatal y nacional. Para ello, se analizó la relación entre el crecimiento del producto interno bruto per cápita y las variables climáticas de temperatura y precipitación mediante modelos econométricos.
Finanzas desreguladas, financiamiento y desarrollo: un balance crítico
Authors: Maya Claudia
Published: August 2021

Finanzas desreguladas, financiamiento y desarrollo: un balance crítico, es una obra que reúne varios aciertos al tiempo que nos ofrece pistas para entender mejor las causas más profundas que explican la tendencia de estancamiento económico de las economías emergentes inaugurada en el contexto poscrisis de 2007-2008, identificando entre ellas la estructuración de la banca y de la dinámica crediticia a partir de la redefinición de la globalización financiera. Destaca el equilibrio que alcanza la obra entre debate teórico heterodoxo, las implicaciones regionales y las tendencias y futuro de las finanzas. Un acierto más del conjunto de investigaciones que integran la obra es que nos brinda una reflexión teórica heterodoxa en torno a la doble naturaleza de las finanzas en el modo de producción capitalista: el crédito como fuente de financiamiento de la expresión de la capacidad productiva y, de manera simultánea, la expansión desregulada ofrece el incremento exponencial de los niveles de endeudamiento que alimentan la fragilidad sistemática y conllevan a sucesivas crisis. Se trata de la endogeneidad del dinero: el capitalismo como sistema de producción monetaria.
Architecture: The Transformation from Thinking to Design
Authors: Pandey Ar. Asit
Published: August 2021

Abstract: To understand the design process, think of it as a problem-solving approach that combines creative talent with art and science to create solutions. Many designers go through a design process that follows a certain order; however, this process includes some stages that were discovered to be particularly successful. The design process may be deliberate or automatic, depending on the kind of project the designers work on. For many architects, the design process and methodology are critical to the creation of creative design solutions. Many experiments have been conducted on design methods, and these studies critically examine, evaluate, compare, as well as suggest alternative solutions as a result of their findings. Keywords: Design, integrated design, parti, literal translation, analogies, metaphors, essences, ideals
SES EĞİTİMİNDE PİYANO EŞLİĞİ ŞART MI?
Authors: POLAT Sibel
Published: August 2021

Bu araştırma Türkiye’de üniversitelerin müzik bölümlerinde yürütülen ses eğitimi dersinde eşlik çalgısı olarak tercih edilen piyano yerine, ulusa özgü repertuvarın makamsal yapısına uygun olan, aynı zamanda vokal icrayı destekleyen Türk müziği çalgılarının tercih edilmesinin bireylerin gelişimine ve Türk müziğine katkılarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada, tarama yöntemi kullanılmış, konuyla ilgili verilerin toplanılması amacıyla kaynak taraması (literatür, internet) yapılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, eğitim, opera, Türk halk müziği, Türk sanat müziği alanında uzman ses ve çalgı icracıları, akademisyenler ve KBB alan uzmanı doktorların bir araya getirileceği akademik toplantılar aracılığıyla ulusa özgü temel ve ileri düzeydeki öğeler ile tekniklerin belirlenip, ses eğitiminde kazandırılması gereken davranışların net olarak ortaya konulmasının önemli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesinde betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ulusa özgü ses eğitimi programının, ancak milli felsefe konusunun anlaşıldığı zaman mümkün olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Kültürel açıdan bakabilmek için bu coğrafyanın felsefi düşüncesini, düşünürlerini, bestekârlarını, icracılarını tanımanın, onların sanata, hayata, kültüre ve müziğe bakışlarının anlaşılmasının önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca günümüzde Covid-19 küresel salgın nedeniyle online olarak gerçekleşen eğitimde yaşanan senkron gibi bazı problemler ses eğitiminde teknolojinin sunduğu olanaklardan faydalanılması ve bu alanda materyallerin oluşturulması konularını da gündeme getirmiştir. Ses eğitimi alan uzmanları, teknoloji alan uzmanlarıyla ortak çalışmalar yaparak faydalı materyaller oluşturabilirler.
Caravan trade of Central Asian merchants with Russia in the first quarter of the 19th century
Authors: Abdrakhmanov Konstantin A.
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the everyday business activity of Asian entrepreneurs who participated in caravan trade with the Russian Empire through the cities of Orenburg region in the first quarter of the 19th century. The specifics of foreign trade operations of merchants from Bukhara, Khiva and Kokand during this period were almost completely ignored by Russian historians in the pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern periods. The source base of this article consists of unpublished archival documents that shed light on the details of the business activities of merchants from Asia. Letters to the regional and Imperial administration made by Asian entrepreneurs, as well as personal letters from foreign merchants are particularly valuable in this regard. Traders had to deal with a long list of tasks. Before the caravan could go along the required route, it was necessary to hire responsible guides, which was not always possible (guides often turned out to be unreliable, which led to additional expenses for the cargo owners), acquire pack animals, take care of security and prepare a considerable amount of money for various road tolls for travelling through the Kazakh steppe. The merchants who were successful in the caravan trade were characterized by moral and psychological stability, the ability to restrain themselves, not succumbing to momentary desires, and even the skills of using cold weapons and firearms. To resolve issues that were exclusively within the competence of representatives of the Russian regional or central administration, Asian merchants had to possess certain communication skills.
Military clergy reorganization in the Paul’s I of Russia military reform
Authors: Vasilyev Alexey V.
Published: August 2021

The article examines an important historical stage in the development of military clergy. During this period, effective systems of military administration, training and recruitment and social protection of its members were established. In the process of the Emperor Paul's reform the military clergy acquired the features of a political institution. This was manifested in the active intervention of the state in the managerial system of the clergy. And the head of the military priests becomes the ober-priest of the Russian army and navy. A system of candidates selection for the positions of military priests has been built. A specialized educational institution was established for recruiting military clergy from the children of military clergy - the Army Seminary. After leaving the military department, martial ober-priests are provided with places in urban parishes, and martial priests are appointed to the rural churches of the dioceses from which they came to serve. A pension was introduced for the military clergy who were unable to continue serving because of age or illness. The military clergy were extracted from the subordination of the Holy Synod. And in the person of the ober-priest it was subordinated to the highest political leadership. As a result, the organization of the military clergy, which was optimal from the point of view of military-political management and effective use, was integrated into the military organization of the state. But this came into conflict with the canonical church norms and the position of the holy synod. After the tragic death of emperor Paul, this organization was largely dismantled.
Review on: Amanzholova, Dina A. Sovetskii proekt v Kazahstane: vlast i etnichnost, 1920-1930-e gg. [The Soviet project in Kazakhstan: the power and ethnicity, 1920-1930]. Moscow: The Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences Publ., 2019. 488 p.
Authors: Oktiabrskaia Irina V.
Published: August 2021

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Review on: Sinitsyn, F.L. Sovetskoye gosudarstvo i kochevniki: istoriya, politika, naselenie [Soviet state and nomads: history, politics, population]. Moscow: Tsentrpoligraf Publ., 2019. 318 p.
Authors: Mongush Marina V.
Published: August 2021

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