bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antiurolithiatic Potential of Three Sri Lankan Medicinal Plants by the Inhibition of Nucleation, Growth, and Aggregation of Calcium Oxalate Crystals In Vitro
Authors: Hewagama Sasindu Punyamali , Hewawasam Ruwani Punyakanthi
Published: April 2022

Background. Deposition and formation of stones in any part of the urinary system is called urolithiasis. CaOx is the predominant component of most stones, and the formation of these stones is a multistep process that includes supersaturation, nucleation, aggregation, growth, and retention. In ayurvedic medicine, medicinal plants are used for the management of kidney stones. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of aqueous, ethanol, and hexane extracts of Drymoglossum piloselloides leaves, Kalanchoe laciniata leaves, and Aegle marmelos flowers against CaOx urolithiasis in vitro. Methods. The crystallization of CaOx monohydrate (COM) and dihydrate (COD) was induced in a synthetic urine system. The nucleation, growth, and aggregation of crystals were measured using spectrophotometric methods. The results were compared against the polyherbal drug, Cystone, under identical concentrations. Crystals generated in the urine were also observed under light microscopy. Statistical differences and percentage inhibitions were calculated using standard formulae and compared. A preliminary phytochemical screening was also performed to detect active phytoconstituents present in the three plants used in the study. Results. The results obtained clearly demonstrated that Kalanchoe laciniata, Aegle marmelos, and Drymoglossum piloselloides have the capacity to inhibit the nucleation, growth, and aggregation of CaOx crystals. Microscopic examination of crystals revealed the presence of more COM than COD crystals but a dose-dependent reduction in crystals was observed in the presence of plant extracts. Hexane, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of all three plants had different capabilities to inhibit nucleation, growth, and aggregation of CaOx crystals but their activities were different at different concentrations. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of reducing sugars, proteins, flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenol compound in Kalanchoe laciniata and Drymoglossum piloselloides and reducing sugars, proteins, anthracene glycosides, and saponins in Aegle marmelos. Conclusions. This study provided evidence that Kalanchoe laciniata, Aegle marmelos, and Drymoglossum piloselloides have the potential to be developed as inhibitors of nucleation, growth, and aggregation of CaOx crystals in the treatment of urolithiasis.
Application of NIR Spectral Standardization Based on Principal Component Score Evaluation in Wheat Flour Crude Protein Model Sharing
Authors: Tian Jing , Chen Xinyu , Liang Zhennan , Qi Wenliang , Zheng Xiaohuan , Lu Daoli , Chen Bin
Published: April 2022

In order to explore spectral standardization methods for spectra collected by different NIR spectrometers, to reduce spectral differences, and to realize model sharing among different instruments, the crude protein content of 154 wheat flour samples was measured using one grating and three Fabry-Perot tunable filter NIR spectrometers in wavelength. At the same wavelength range and wavelength interval, three algorithms, namely, direct standardization (DS), piecewise direct standardization (PDS), and simple linear regression direct standardization (SLRDS), were used to standardize spectra collected by different instruments from the same samples. Spectral standardization error rate (SSER), principal component score error rate (PCSER), and other indicators were employed to analyze the spectral differences between the master and the target spectra, and the effect of model sharing was evaluated using parameters including prediction correlation coefficient (Rp), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), and relative prediction deviation (RPD). The results show the following: (1) The difference between spectra can be quantitatively evaluated through analyzing SSER and PCSER. (2) After standardization by the three algorithms, the spectral difference between the three target and the master spectrometers is significantly reduced and the prediction effect of the master model is greatly improved. (3) Among the three algorithms, DS algorithm had the smallest error rate in standardizing spectra from three target spectrometers. After standardization by the DS algorithm, the master model had the best effect. Its prediction accuracy was greatly improved compared with that before standardization. (4) The standard model established based on the S450 spectrometer can be applied to the same spectrometer as the N500 spectrometer with the same resolution and different wavelength ranges, so as to achieve model sharing. Therefore, DS, PDS, and SLRDS algorithms can effectively reduce the spectral differences between different instruments and realize the sharing of NIR calibration models for wheat flour crude protein measurement.
Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Bamboo and Coconut Fiber with Epoxy Hybrid Polymer Composite
Authors: Raman Velpuri Venkat , Kumar P. Sathish , Sunagar Prashant , Bommanna K. , Vezhavendhan R. , Bhattacharya Sumanta , Prabhu S. Venkatesa , Sasikumar Bashyam
Published: April 2022

The present study focused to improve material characteristics and quality in terms of the NaOH concentration for treating the coconut and bamboo fiber to enhance the mechanical properties of natural fiber polymer-based hybrid composites. The NaOH-treated fibers were washed thoroughly using distilled water and allowed to dry for 24 hours. Composition of each specimen, bamboo (B) and coconut (C) fiber with epoxy composite, was prepared by hand layup process as per the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard. The proportionality of the material was carefully fulfilled according to the previous literature reports. The weight fraction of the composite material content was set to be 30% and 70% of epoxy (E) resin and isolated fibers. Three distinct criteria were used to calculate mechanical parameters such as tensile strength, flexural strength, and material hardness. It was found that the combination of 70% E with 30% BC of hybridized composite had a maximum tensile strength of 62.42 MPa, whereas the flexural strength and hardness of the other combinations, such as 70% E with 30% C and 70% E with 30% B, were observed to be 58 MPa and 185 HRC (Hardness Rockwell C), respectively.
Development and Application of Well-Test Model after Injection Biological Nanomaterials
Authors: Feng Qing , Gao Ping , Chen Xianchao , Li Jiang , Zhou Jingchao , Qian Feng , Li Shengsheng , Sun Yanni , Wang Yingying
Published: April 2022

Nanomaterials are gradually shining in the petroleum industry and have made great achievements in EOR, pipeline coating, fracturing, and other aspects. In practical application, they have the advantages of long validity period and more environmental friendliness. At the same time, due to the short effective period of conventional plugging removal measures such as acidizing and fracturing, which are not friendly to the environment, nanomaterials are gradually applied to reduce pressure and increase injection of injection wells, and good application results are obtained. In this study, a new biological nanomaterial with long-term injection enhancement characteristics was evaluated. To have a better understanding of the reservoir performance of water injection wells after pressure reduction and injection increase measures, it is necessary to establish the well test model after the step-down and injection increase measures of biological nanomaterials that are taken for water injection wells. In this paper, the influence of the injection amount of bionanomaterials on the permeability is studied, and the rule of the permeability around the injection well with the distance from the bottom of the well is analyzed. On this basis, the flow mathematical model of three zones (inner zone, transition zone, and outer zone) of bionanosolution is established. Then, using the basic principles of fluid mechanics and the Laplace transform principle, a mathematical model of the bottom hole pressure response of water injection wells in the third zone of the bionanosolution reservoir is obtained, and the influence of the key process parameters of the bionanosolution water injection on the bottom hole pressure is analyzed. The established well test interpretation model can be used to calculate the near wellbore permeability, reservoir skin factor, reservoir sweep radius, and reservoir resistance coefficient. Based on application examples, it was determined that the fitting results of the interpretation chart are in good agreement with the field test data, and the reservoir parameters obtained from the interpretation are reasonable and reliable. The findings of this study can help for better understanding of the dynamic change law of reservoir after injection of biological nanomaterials or similar plugging removal measures (the improvement effect varies with the distance from the bottom hole). To the best of our knowledge, it is the first paper on the application of biological nanomaterials in reducing pressure and increasing injection in injection wells.
Chlamydia pneumoniae Interferes with Macrophage Differentiation and Cell Cycle Regulation to Promote Its Replication
Authors: Taavitsainen-Wahlroos Eveliina , Miettinen Ilkka , Ylätalo Maarit , Reigada Inés , Savijoki Kirsi , Nyman Tuula Anneli , Hanski Leena
Published: April 2022

Chlamydia pneumoniae is a ubiquitous intracellular bacterium which infects humans via the respiratory route. The tendency of C. pneumoniae to persist in monocytes and macrophages is well known, but the underlying host-chlamydial interactions remain elusive. In this work, we have described changes in macrophage intracellular signaling pathways induced by C. pneumoniae infection. Label-free quantitative proteome analysis and pathway analysis tools were used to identify changes in human THP-1-derived macrophages upon C. pneumoniae CV6 infection. At 48-h postinfection, pathways associated to nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) regulation were stressed, while negative regulation on cell cycle control was prominent at both 48 h and 72 h. Upregulation of S100A8 and S100A9 calcium binding proteins, osteopontin, and purine nucleoside hydrolase, laccase domain containing protein 1 (LACC1) underlined the proinflammatory consequences of the infection, while elevated NF-κB2 levels in infected macrophages indicates interaction with the noncanonical NF-κB pathway. Infection-induced alteration of cell cycle control was obvious by the downregulation of mini chromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins MCM2-7, and the significance of host cell cycle regulation for C. pneumoniae replication was demonstrated by the ability of a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor Palbociclib to promote C. pneumoniae replication and infectious progeny production. The infection was found to suppress retinoblastoma expression in the macrophages in both protein and mRNA levels, and this change was reverted by treatment with a histone deacetylase inhibitor. The epigenetic suppression of retinoblastoma, along with upregulation of S100A8 and S100A9, indicate host cell changes associated with myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) phenotype.
Sounding the Alarm on Leiomyosarcoma Recurrence: Role of Circulating Tumor DNA
Authors: Kasper Bernd , Wilky Breelyn A.
Published: April 2022

Recent work confirms a bench-to-bedside approach that circulating tumor DNA is associated with outcome and objective response to chemotherapy in patients with advanced leiomyosarcoma. Liquid biopsies may be used for risk stratification in future trials guiding treatment decisions by identifying patients who are likely to benefit from chemotherapy.

See related article by Madanat-Harjuoja et al., p. 2579
Optimal Preservations of Cytological Materials Using Liquid-Based Cytology Fixatives for Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis
Authors: Tanaka Ryota , Fujiwara Masachika , Nakazato Yoko , Arai Nobuaki , Tachibana Keisei , Sakamoto Norihiko , Kishimoto Koji , Kamma Hiroshi , Shibahara Junji , Kondo Haruhiko
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Molecular targeted therapies have been established for various diseases, including cancers, and there is an increasing need for molecular testing on cytology specimens. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal preservation methods of liquid-based cytology (LBC) materials for molecular testing. Methods: Cytological samples from 35 surgical resected non-small cell lung carcinoma specimens were obtained between June 2016 and June 2021. The samples were fixed in CytoRich™ red Preservative and stored at 4°C. One week later, three tubes were prepared from each specimen sample and divided into the following groups: the SurePath™ group (continued storage at 4°C), Frozen (Fr) group (stored at −80°C after centrifugation), and LBC-Cell Block (LBC-CB) group (generation of paraffin-embedded CB and storage at 4°C). Samples from 5 patients were used for the time course analysis, and we performed evaluations on these samples at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. The concentrations and purities of extracted DNA and RNA were measured. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and RNA concentrations were also measured by a fluorometer. The DNA and RNA integrities were quantified by the DNA and RNA integrity number. Results: Evaluation of samples was performed at baseline and the six timepoints. In the LBC-CB group, DNA and dsDNA concentrations were higher rather than those in the other groups. The RNA concentration of the LBC-CB group was relatively high compared with those of the other groups at the 36-month timepoint. The Fr group maintained higher DNA quality compared with the other groups over 3 years. The LBC-CB group maintained a higher RNA quality than the other groups until 24 months. Conclusion: LBC-CB preparation is an effective method to maintain DNA/RNA quality and quantity in long-duration preservation for eventual molecular testing. Therefore, LBC-CB may have applications on preanalytical stage for molecular genomic testing such as next-generation sequencing.
C3 Glomerulopathy: A Review with Emphasis on Ultrastructural Features
Authors: Hou Jean , Ren Kevin Yi Mi , Haas Mark
Published: April 2022

C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is a rare disease resulting from dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway, resulting in the deposition of complement component 3 (C3) in the kidney. It encompasses two major subgroups: dense deposit disease and C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN). Although the alternative complement pathway is typically a very tightly controlled system, dysregulation can be a result of genetic mutations in the fluid phase or membrane-bound inhibitors or accelerators. In addition, de novo/acquired autoantibodies against any of the regulatory proteins can alter complement activation either by negating an inhibitor or activating an accelerator. Triggering events can be complex; however, the final pathway is characterized by the uncontrolled deposition of C3 in glomeruli and the formation of the membrane attack complex. Light microscopic findings can be quite heterogeneous with a membranoproliferative pattern most commonly encountered. Diagnostic confirmation of C3G is based on a characteristic pattern of glomerular immunofluorescence staining, with C3-dominant deposits that are at least 2 orders of intensity greater than staining for any immunoglobulin (Ig) or C1q. Electron microscopy is necessary for diagnosing DDD in particular, but can also help to distinguish C3GN from other glomerular disease mimickers.
The Implementation of Anti-Fraud Strategy to Achieve Good Corporate Governance
Authors: Widoretno Astrini Aning , Tobing Agustinus Nicholas
Published: April 2022

Any type, scale, or shape of organization has risks of fraud. That required an anti-fraud strategy to detect and prevent the occurrence of fraud. The internal audit mostly takes an important role in the implementation of the anti-fraud strategy. This paper aims to analyze the role of internal audit in the implementation of the anti-fraud strategy and the implementation of the anti-fraud strategy of PT.XYZ. This study used a qualitative approach with field study data collection techniques. This research uses 4 anti-fraud strategies that are whistle blowing system, a code of conduct, fraud training for employees and fraud risk assessment to analyze the implementation of anti-fraud strategy of PT.XYZ. The results of this study indicate that internal audit plays an active role in applying anti-fraud strategy and generally anti-fraud strategy of PT.XYZ has met the aspects of detection, prevention, and investigation.
Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals in Mining Companies Listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2020
Authors: Wilasittha Acynthia Ayu , Putri Sofie Yunida , Azmiyanti Rizdina
Published: April 2022

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is a global initiative designed by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015 to achieve sustainable development by emphasizing the 5Ps: People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace, and Partnership. With 17 integrated global goals, the SDGs are expected to be able to create synergy between humans and social, economic, and environmental aspects that are intended to be achieved by the year 2030. The Government of Indonesia has issued Presidential Regulation No. 59 of 2017 concerning the Implementation of Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to give some directions on how to implement the SDGs in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the implementation of the SDGs in mining companies in Indonesia in 2018-2020. This qualitative research uses the content analysis method using secondary data in the form of a Sustainability Report which contains disclosures of economic, environmental, and social performance. From this data, it will be analyzed whether companies in Indonesia have started implementing the SDGs and are consistently running them even during the Covid-19 pandemic. The population in this study are all mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2020. The sampling technique in this research is purposive sampling by taking a sample of mining companies that publish a Sustainability Report.
Accounting Information as a Mediation of Business Experience on Business Success
Authors: Trisnaningsih Sri , Mustofa Alifiah Wulansari , Hendrawan Bagus Maulana
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the effect of business experience on business success through the use of accounting information as an intervening variable. The quantitative method used in this study was a population of 163 coffee shop SMEs in Surabaya and 62 samples were obtained through purposive sampling. Research data was obtained directly by distributing questionnaires. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by path analysis through IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software. This study shows that business experience has a positive effect on the use of accounting information, business experience and the use of accounting information has a positive effect on business success. However, business experience does not have a positive effect on business success through the use of accounting information, which means that the use of accounting information by MSME actors is not able to mediate the effect of business experience on business success.
Integrated Reporting Disclosure: Voluntary Perspectives
Authors: Azmiyanti Rizdina , Sukiswo Helmy
Published: April 2022

The study aims to analyze the integrated reporting disclosure in the IR framework from a voluntary perspective. The method uses several keywords to find 5 related articles to be reviewed. Journal database uses science direct and emerald/ this study found that South Africa has the rule to publish integrated reporting is mandatory, while other countries did not. It is found that an overview of organizations and risk and opportunity became the highest element to be disclosed while the basis of presentation and preparation was not completely disclosed. However, several researchers explained that they got an advantage using integrated reporting even though there are no rules to publishing integrated reporting. The report has the advantage to provide new insight into the combination of financial and non-financial reporting. This research will have to contribute to providing a regulation to publish the integrated reporting and organizations can consider publishing integrated reporting to make a good relationship with stakeholders for creating value.
Revolução Industrial e circuitos mercantis globais: a crise da escravidão no Império britânico
Authors: Parron Tâmis
Published: April 2022

Revisitando o debate sobre capitalismo e escravidão, este artigo ilumina as relações materiais entre Revolução Industrial e crise da escravidão negra no Império britânico a partir das perspectivas da teoria crítica e do sistema-mundo. Depois de sugerir que o debate invisibilizou o capital como categoria de análise histórica, argumento que a Revolução Industrial desencadeou um processo de ampliação de circuitos mercantis sobre o Atlântico e o Indo-Pacífico que estabeleceu relações tensas com fronteiras mercantis escravistas dentro e fora do Império britânico. Essas relações se tornaram uma poderosa mediação material entre a crise da escravidão negra nas West Indies, a ascensão do escravismo nos Estados Unidos, em Cuba e no Brasil e o avanço do neoimperialismo no Oriente.
A new species of Epidendrum (Laeliinae: Orchidaceae), in the Yanachaga Chemillen National Park, Pasco—Peru
Authors: VALENZUELA GAMARRA LUIS , AYALA ELIZABETH SANTIAGO
Published: April 2022

N/A
A new species of Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 endemic to the Arabian Peninsula (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Onthophagini)
Authors: MONTANARO GIULIO , ZIANI STEFANO
Published: April 2022

Onthophagus (Furconthophagus) shaykh Montanaro & Ziani, new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Onthophagini), until now confused with Onthophagus (Furconthophagus) aethiopicus d’Orbigny, 1902, is described, illustrated, and compared with morphologically similar taxa. The phylogenetic relationships between the new species and the Palaearctic Onthophagus (Furconthophagus) furcatus (Fabricius, 1781) are briefly discussed.
A new species of Lestica Billberg (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) from Turkey
Authors: CAN İLYAS , GÜLMEZ YAŞAR
Published: April 2022

A new solitary wasp species, Lestica anatolica Can et Gülmez, is described and illustrated based on a male from Sivas province of Turkey. This species is similar to L. clypeata (Schreber, 1759) but distinguished from it by the presence of a transparent spine on the apex of foretrochanter instead of carina and dilatation in all of the first three foretarsomeres (foretarsomeres II and III distinctly narrower than I in L. clypeata). Additionally, new locality records are given for two previously known species in Turkey, L. clypeata and L. subterranea (Fabricius, 1775). An identification key is provided for the species of Lestica Billberg, 1820 occurring in Turkey.
3. Volumes, Part II
Authors: Tănăsescu Mihnea
Published: April 2022

The chapter surveys the richness of creaturely life and its entanglements with variegated spaces. It uses ecology and the philosophical commitments of this science to show the importance of habitat redundancy in relation to the forever-changing habits of the living. It makes the passage from the largely ontological discussions of the first part of the book to political ethics. The concept of vulnerability is developed as a possible bridge between the two, and discussed at length.
News coverage of social protests in global society
Authors: Zhang Yongjun , Thorgusen Sienna , Fan Xinguang
Published: April 2022

This article links media and social movement studies with world society theory to explain cross-national variations in media attention to domestic social protests. We compile a novel large-scale dataset with over 1.2 million protest-related news articles from 12,644 web news sites across 140 countries/areas in 2015–2020. Our cross-national analysis shows that both media- and country-level characteristics explain news coverage of domestic social protests. Our findings show that web news outlets with high web traffic and a propensity to report conflictual events tend to cover more protests. In addition, web news sites in nations with vibrant civil society organizations report more protest events. We also find that there is a positive relationship between online censorship and news coverage in general. But this is driven by news media in democratic countries, and news sites in authoritarian regimes experiencing strong censorship cover fewer protest events. Finally, news media in authoritarian nations with more organizational ties to the international community cover more domestic protests.
Cartoons go global: Provocation, condemnation and the possibility of laughter
Authors: Gamper Daniel
Published: April 2022

Since their publication, the Muhammad cartoons featured in Jyllands Posten and Charlie Hebdo have become a symbol of free speech and Western values. These cartoons used provocation as a tool to discuss the limits of free speech and the scope of social self-censorship. In a just society, should the possibility of laughter be distributed equally? Should cartoonists and editors only publish jokes that are universally laughable? What is the proper reaction to these kinds of provocative jokes once the possibility of censorship is ruled out in a liberal context? Is counterspeech or even cancellation a legitimate response?
How the Linguistic Styles of Donald Trump and Joe Biden Reflect Different Forms of Power
Authors: Körner Robert , Overbeck Jennifer R. , Körner Erik , Schütz Astrid
Published: April 2022

Can theories of power be used to explain differences in the linguistic styles of Donald Trump and Joe Biden? We argue that the two candidates possess and use different forms of power—and that this is associated with typical language patterns. Based on their personal history, news reports, and empirical studies, we expect that Trump’s approach to power is characterized by coercive power forms and Biden’s by collaborative power forms. Using several LIWC categories and the moral foundations dictionary, we analyzed over 500 speeches and 15,000 tweets made during the 2020 election battle. Biden’s speeches can be described as analytical and frequently relating to moral values, whereas Trump’s speeches were characterized by a positive emotional tone. In tweets, Biden used more social words and words related to virtue, honesty, and achievement than Trump did. Trump’s coercive power and Biden’s collaborative power were more observable in tweets than speeches, which may reflect the fact that tweets are more spontaneous than speeches.
Automatic diagnosis and grading of patellofemoral osteoarthritis from the axial radiographic view: a deep learning-based approach
Authors: E Tuya , Wang Cen , Cui Yingpu , Nai Rile , Zhang Yaofeng , Zhang Xiaodong , Wang Xiaoying
Published: April 2022

Background

Patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) has a high prevalence and is assessed on axial radiography of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ). A deep learning (DL)-based approach could help radiologists automatically diagnose and grade PFOA via interpreting axial radiographs.

Purpose

To develop and assess the performance of a DL-based approach for diagnosing and grading PFOA on axial radiographs.

Material and Methods

A total of 1280 (dataset 1) axial radiographs were retrospectively collected and utilized to develop the high-resolution network (HRNet)-based classification models. The ground truth was the interpretation from two experienced radiologists in consensus according to the K-L grading system. A binary-class model was trained to diagnose the presence (K-L 2∼4) or absence (K-L 0∼1) of PFOA. A multi-class model was used to grade the stage of PFOA, i.e. from K-L 0 to K-L 4. Model performances were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC), confusion matrix, and the corresponding evaluation metrics (positive predictive value [PPV], negative predictive value [NPV], F1 score, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy) of the internal test set (n = 129) from dataset 1 and an external validation set (dataset 2, n = 187).

Results

For the binary-class model, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.91 in the internal test set and 0.90 in the external validation set. For grading PFOA, moderate to severe stage of PFOA exhibited a good performance in these two datasets (AUC = 0.91–0.98, PPV = 0.69–0.90, NPV = 0.92–0.99, F1 score = 0.72–0.87, sensitivity = 0.75–0.87, specificity = 0.90–0.99, accuracy = 0.87–0.98).

Conclusion

The HRNet-based approach performed well in diagnosing and grading radiographic PFOA, especially for the moderate to severe cases.
Southeastern United States Predictors of COVID-19 in Nursing Homes
Authors: Lane Sandi J. , Sugg Maggie , Spaulding Trent J. , Hege Adam , Iyer Lakshmi
Published: April 2022

This study’s aim was to determine nursing home (NH) and county-level predictors of COVID-19 outbreaks in nursing homes (NHs) in the southeastern region of the United States across three time periods. NH-level data compiled from census data and from NH compare and NH COVID-19 infection datasets provided by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services cover 2951 NHs located in 836 counties in nine states. A generalized linear mixed-effect model with a random effect was applied to significant factors identified in the final stepwise regression. County-level COVID-19 estimates and NHs with more certified beds were predictors of COVID-19 outbreaks in NHs across all time periods. Predictors of NH cases varied across the time periods with fewer community and NH variables predicting COVID-19 in NH during the late period. Future research should investigate predictors of COVID-19 in NH in other regions of the US from the early periods through March 2021.
Evaluation of the Use of Social Media and Virtual Meeting Platforms in the Pursuit of Pharmacy Residency Training
Authors: Fischetti Briann S , Ciaramella Christine , Kim Elise M , Papamanolis Irene-Constantina
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists (ASHP) and American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) Residency Directories are two of the more traditional resources available to pharmacy students and residents looking for post-graduate programs. More recently, social media platforms have grown as an innovative means of resident recruitment and program marketing. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of social media by both PGY1 and PGY2 candidates in their pursuit of post-graduate training through the disbursement of a survey. Methods: A survey consisting of 14 questions ranging from multiple-choice questions to free-text options was emailed out to the Office of Experiential Education from 141 ACCP-accredited pharmacy schools and 1341 ASHP-accredited PGY1 Pharmacy Residency Program Directors, requesting them to forward the email to their students or residents. Results: There were a total of 714 respondents to the survey. A majority of surveyors were in the process of completing a PGY1 residency training program (70.6%). The most common platform used to research pharmacy residency programs was the ASHP directory (97.3%). A majority of respondents did not use social media to research residency programs (66.7%). Out of the ones who did use social media, Instagram was the most common platform used and provided the greatest insight into the residency program. About 60% of respondents preferred Zoom as the virtual meeting platform during interviews. Conclusion: Although social media may not be the main source of information candidates are using, residency program accounts can provide residency programs with a free additional tool for recruitment.
What Do Interest Inventories Measure? The Convergence and Content Validity of Four RIASEC Inventories
Authors: Chu Chu , Russell Mary T. , Hoff Kevin A. , Jonathan Phan Wei Ming , Rounds James
Published: April 2022

Despite the widespread use of RIASEC interest inventories, little is known about whether these inventories actually measure the same core constructs and provide similar career recommendations to individuals. This study investigates the construct validity among four major interest inventories—the Self-Directed Search (SDS), O*NET Interest Profiler (IP), ACT Interest Inventory (UNIACT), and Strong Interest Inventory (SII). Results showed that RIASEC interest scores from the four inventories were highly correlated, but the measures often gave respondents different high-point codes. Item content analysis revealed that the basic interests reflected in each RIASEC scale both overlapped and diverged across inventories, providing an explanation for why RIASEC inventories are not interchangeable. We integrate findings across our analyses to offer cautionary notes for choosing among established RIASEC inventories and interpreting interest results. Furthermore, we also provide recommendations for constructing the next generation of basic interest inventories.
Supernormal foveal photoreceptor density in Alport syndrome: A case report
Authors: Ameln Julius , Reiniger Jenny L. , Hess Kristina , Holz Frank G. , Harmening Wolf M.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To investigate foveal photoreceptor configuration in Alport syndrome, a rare inherited disease characterized by Collagen IV dysfunction.

Methods

Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) in vivo imaging of the foveal center and quantitative analysis of cone photoreceptor topography in a 17-year-old male patient with Alport syndrome presenting absence of a foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and foveal hypoplasia in both eyes.

Results

Cone density analysis based on AOSLO images revealed an unusual linear cone topography profile displaying supernormal densities within the fovea (z-scores up to + 3.57 and + 2.97 in right and left eyes, respectively).

Conclusion

Foveal hypoplasia has previously been associated with normal or reduced cone density. Our observation is the first case of disease-related supernormal cone density within the foveola, shedding light upon the role of Collagen IV in foveal maturation.
A model to understand COVID-19 preventive behaviors in young adults: Health locus of control and pandemic-related fear
Authors: Bianchi Dora , Lonigro Antonia , Norcia Anna Di , Tata Daniele Di , Pompili Sara , Zammuto Marta , Cannoni Eleonora , Longobardi Emiddia , Laghi Fiorenzo
Published: April 2022

This study investigated COVID-19 preventive behaviors in young adults, exploring the predictive roles of health locus of control and pandemic fear. A sample of 188 Italian young adults (Mage = 22.76, SDage  =  1.95; 85% girls) completed an anonymous online survey assessing preventive behaviors, health locus of control styles (i.e. internal, chance, powerful others), and two dimensions of pandemic fear. Fear for COVID-19 consequences—but not general fear for contagion—significantly predicted prevention behaviors, and it also moderated the relationships between each health locus of control style and preventive behaviors. Our findings have relevant implications for research and social policies.
Multi-objective optimization of gearbox based on panel acoustic participation and response surface methodology
Authors: Qi Le , Zhou Jianxing , Xu Huachao
Published: April 2022

Aiming at noise problem of two-stage gearbox, this paper uses the panel acoustic contribution analysis (PACA) and response surface methodology to conduct structural-borne acoustics analysis and multi-objective optimization of gearbox. Using this optimization, optimal layout and parameters of the added ribs can be determined. The dynamic model of a spur gear-shaft-bearing system is built in consideration of the time-varying mesh stiffness, the time-varying bearing stiffness, and the flexibility of the shaft, while dynamic load of the bearing is obtained through solving the model. The dynamic load of bearings is considered as excitation to analyze the vibration and noise radiation characteristics of housing. Furthermore, acoustic transfer vector, modal acoustic contribution and PACA are used to select the region with the most acoustic contribution. The variable ribs structure model (VRSM) is established in this region. Finally, the VRSM are adopted to optimize the housing. The optimization model based on the peak sound pressure level (PSPL) and the ribs mass (Rm) is established by using response surface method. Through multi-objective optimization, the variable in VRSM can be modified or deleted to reduce the radiated noise of the gearbox. The optimization results demonstrate that the PSPL after optimization is decreased by 4.88 dB at frequency of 3130 Hz. At the same mass, the noise reduction effect of VRSM is 12% higher than that of standard rib. Therefore, the optimization effect of the housing structure is obvious. PACA-VRSM-RSM- NSGA-II technology provides a new research scheme for reducing the vibration and noise of the gearbox.
Hypothermia preconditioning improves cardiac contractility after cardiopulmonary resuscitation through AMPK-activated mitophagy
Authors: Lu Yuanzheng , Zhang Chenyu , Chen Jie , Zou Qiuping , Li Bo , Wei Hongyan , Chang Mary P , Liao Xiaoxing , Hu Chunlin
Published: April 2022

Hypothermia preconditioning (HPC) improves cardiac function after cardiac arrest, yet the mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that HPC-activated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity may be involved. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normothermia Control, HPC (cooling to 32–34°C for 30 min), and HPC + Compound C (Compound C 10 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before HPC group). The rats underwent 7 min of untreated ventricular fibrillation (VF) followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Cardiac function and hemodynamic parameters were evaluated at 4 h after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Survival status was determined 72 h after ROSC. Mechanistically, we further examined the AMPK-Unc-51 Like Autophagy Activating Kinase 1 (ULK1)-mitophagy pathway and autophagic flux in vivo and in vitro. Six of twelve rats in the Control group, 10 of 12 rats in the HPC group, and 7 of 12 rats in HPC + Compound C group were successfully resuscitated. The 72-h survival rates were 1 of 12 Control, 6 of 12 HPC, and 2 of 12 HPC + Compound C rats, respectively ( P = 0.043). Rats in the HPC group demonstrated greater cardiac contractility and hemodynamic stability which were compromised by Compound C. Furthermore, HPC increased the protein levels of p-AMPKα and p-ULK1 and promoted the expression of mitochondrial autophagy-related genes. Compound C decreased the expression of mitochondrial autophagy-related genes and reduced autophagic flux. Consistent with the observations obtained in vivo, in vitro experiments in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (CMs) demonstrated that HPC attenuated simulated ischemia–reperfusion-induced CM death, accompanied by increased AMPK-ULK1-mitophagy pathway activity. These findings suggest that AMPK-ULK1-mitophagy pathway was activated by HPC and has a crucial role in cardioprotection during cardiac arrest. Manipulation of mitophagy by hypothermia may merit further investigation as a novel strategy to prevent cardiac ischemia–reperfusion injury.
The “ideal protein” concept is not ideal in animal nutrition
Authors: Wu Guoyao , Li Peng
Published: April 2022

Amino acids (AAs) are required for syntheses of proteins and low-molecular-weight substances with enormous physiological importance. Since 1912, AAs have been classified as nutritionally essential amino acids (EAAs) or nonessential amino acids (NEAAs) for animals. EAAs are those AAs that are either not synthesized or insufficiently synthesized de novo in the organisms. It was assumed that all NEAAs (now known as AAs that are synthesizable in animal cells de novo [AASAs]) were formed sufficiently in animals and were not needed in diets. However, studies over the past three decades have shown that sufficient dietary AASAs (e.g. glutamine, glutamate, glycine, and proline) are necessary for the maximum growth and optimum health of pigs, chickens, and fish. Thus, the concept of “ideal protein” (protein with an optimal EAA pattern that precisely meets the physiological needs of animals), which was originally proposed in the 1950s but ignored AASAs, is not ideal in animal nutrition. Ideal diets must provide all physiologically and nutritionally essential AAs. Improved patterns of AAs in diets for swine and chickens as well as zoo and companion animals have been proposed in recent years. Animal-sourced feedstuffs supply abundant EAAs and AASAs (including glutamate, glutamine, glycine, proline, 4-hydroxyproline, and taurine) for diets of swine, poultry, fish, and crustaceans to improve their growth, development, reproduction, and health, while sustaining global animal production. Nutritionists should move beyond the “ideal protein” concept to consider optimum ratios and amounts of all proteinogenic AAs in diets for mammals, birds, and aquatic animals, and, in the case of carnivores, also taurine.
Implications of fibrotic extracellular matrix in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Resnikoff Henry A , Miller Charles G , Schwarzbauer Jean E
Published: April 2022

Fibrosis is an accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and fibers in a disordered fashion, which compromises cell and tissue functions. High glucose-induced fibrosis, a major pathophysiological change of diabetic retinopathy (DR), severely affects vision by compromising the retinal vasculature and ultimately disrupting retinal tissue organization. The retina is a highly vascularized, stratified tissue with multiple cell types organized into distinct layers. Chronically high blood glucose stimulates certain retinal cells to increase production and assembly of ECM proteins resulting in excess ECM deposition primarily in the capillary walls on the basal side of the endothelium. This subendothelial fibrosis of the capillaries is the earliest histological change in the diabetic retina and has been linked to the vascular dysfunction that underlies DR. Proteins that are not normally abundant in the capillary basement membrane (BM) matrix, such as the ECM protein fibronectin, are assembled in significant quantities, disrupting the architecture of the BM and altering its properties. Cell culture models have identified multiple mechanisms through which elevated glucose can stimulate fibronectin matrix assembly, including intracellular signaling pathways, alternative splicing, and non-enzymatic glycation of the ECM. The fibrotic subendothelial matrix alters cell adhesion and supports further accumulation of other ECM proteins leading to disruption of endothelial cell–cell junctions. We review evidence supporting the notion that these molecular changes in the ECM contribute to the pathogenesis of DR, including vascular leakage, loss of endothelial cells and pericytes, changes in blood flow, and neovascularization. We propose that the accumulation of ECM, especially fibronectin matrix, first around the vasculature and later in extravascular locations, plays a critical role in DR and vision loss. Strategies for DR prevention and treatment should consider the ECM a potential therapeutic target.
Sex differences in the symptom presentation of stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shajahan Sultana , Sun Lingli , Harris Katie , Wang Xia , Sandset Else Charlotte , Yu Amy YX , Woodward Mark , Peters Sanne AE , Carcel Cheryl
Published: April 2022

Background:

Early diagnosis through symptom recognition is vital in the management of acute stroke. However, women who experience stroke are more likely than men to be initially given a nonstroke diagnosis and it is unclear if potential sex differences in presenting symptoms increase the risk of delayed or missed stroke diagnosis.

Aims:

To quantify sex differences in the symptom presentation of stroke and assess whether these differences are associated with a delayed or missed diagnosis.

Methods:

PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched up to January 2021. Studies were included if they reported presenting symptoms of adult women and men with diagnosed stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) and were published in English. Mean percentages with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of each symptom were calculated for women and men. The crude relative risks (RRs) with 95% CI of symptoms being present in women, relative to men, were also calculated and pooled. Any data on the delayed or missed diagnosis of stroke for women compared to men based on symptom presentation were also extracted.

Results:

Pooled results from 21 eligible articles showed that women and men presented with a similar mean percentage of motor deficit (56% in women vs 56% in men) and speech deficit (41% in women vs 40% in men). Despite this, women more commonly presented with nonfocal symptoms than men: generalized nonspecific weakness (49% vs 36%), mental status change (31% vs 21%), and confusion (37% vs 28%), whereas men more commonly presented with ataxia (44% vs 30%) and dysarthria (32% vs 27%). Women also had a higher risk of presenting with some nonfocal symptoms: generalized weakness (RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.09–2.03), mental status change (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.22–1.71), fatigue (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.05–1.92), and loss of consciousness (RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.12–1.51). In contrast, women had a lower risk of presenting with dysarthria (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82–0.95), dizziness (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.80–0.95), gait disturbance (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.65–0.97), and imbalance (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.57–0.81). Only one study linking symptoms to definite stroke/TIA diagnosis found that pain and unilateral sensory loss are associated with lower odds of a definite diagnosis in women compared to men.

Conclusion:

Although women showed a higher prevalence of some nonfocal symptoms, the prevalence of focal neurological symptoms, such as motor weakness and speech deficit, was similar for both sexes. Awareness of sex differences in symptoms in acute stroke evaluation, careful consideration of the full constellation of presenting symptoms, and further studies linking symptoms to diagnostic outcomes can be helpful in improving early diagnosis and management in both sexes.
β-TCP/DCPD-PHBV (40%/60%): Biomaterial made from bioceramic and biopolymer for bone regeneration; investigation of intrinsic properties
Authors: Monia Trimeche
Published: April 2022

In this study, a detailed physical, chemical, and mechanical investigation of bone substitute (β-TCP/DCPD-PHBV) was carried out. In fact, it is composed of biocompatible materials such as ceramic phosphocalcic, consisting of tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and dihydrated dicalcium phosphate (DCPD) and 3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) polymer having a weight fraction 40%/60%. For these analyses, diverse techniques were used, including SEM-EDS, mercury porosimeter, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and, finally, uniaxial compression test machine. A morphological investigation of biomaterials using MEB revealed uneven particle shape and size, as well as a rough surface with a porous and microcracked structure. In fact, this architecture promotes the development of bone within biomaterials. Compositional studies applying FTIR technology, also, revealed the existence of chemical components, comparable to those found in the mineral phase of bone (Ca2+, PO43−, and HPO42−). The following compounds prove the bioactivity of β-TCP/DCPD-PHBV. Furthermore, mechanical investigations revealed that this biomaterial has a satisfying mechanical strength (195.21 MPa), closer to bone. Nevertheless, another significant benefit of combining the two biocompatible materials used in this work is that the ductility of PHBV restricts the brittleness of β-TCP/DCPD-PHBV, compared to pure β-TCP/DCPD. The obtained results demonstrate the beneficial properties of β-TCP/DCPD-PHBV and approve the possibility of using this biomaterial as a viable material for future implantology applications.