bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FEATURES OF ADAPTIVE BRAKE CONTROL OF THE SECONDARY BRAKE SYSTEM OF A MULTI-AXLE VEHICLE
Authors: Bogomolov Viktor , Klimenko Valeriy , Leontiev Dmytro , Kuripka Oleksandr , Frolov Andrii , Don Yevhen
Published: June 2021

Problem. A malfunction of the service braking system of a wheeled vehicle (CTS) significantly affects road safety, especially when operating multi-axle vehicles with large masses. One of the ways to increase the level of road safety of multi-axle vehicles, when braking them using a spare (emergency) braking system, is the introduction of automated adaptive braking systems into the design of the brake drive of vehicles. The definition of the limits of the use of the adaptive braking system on vehicles with many axles is almost not disclosed in the scientific and technical literature, therefore, the issue of using such a system on vehicles with a large number of axles requires additional research. Purpose. The purpose of this work is to develop a simulation model for adaptive control of the braking process of a multi-axle vehicle using a spare (emergency) braking system, taking into account the simulation of the dynamics of the drive and the variability of the adhesion properties between the tire of the vehicle wheel and the road surface. Methodology. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to develop a simulation model of the brake drive in an adaptive mode, implement a model of the interaction of the tire with the road surface, and implement a model of the braking dynamics of a multi-axle vehicle in the event of a malfunction of its service brake system. Originality. The proposed key criterion (Kr) for changing the throttle section in electro-pneumatic pressure modulators, which provide adaptive air inlet or outlet from the corresponding brake chambers of the drive, during simulation, made it possible to simulate the operation of the drive circuits in the adaptive mode. It has been established that, depending on the potential for the realization of the adhesion between the tires of automobile wheels and the road surface, the pressure in the electro-pneumatic brake drive with its adaptive regulation can be increased by no more than 0.04 MPa.
EXPERT STUDIES OF VIOLATIONS OF THE OPERATING CONDITIONS OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINES WHEN USING THEM IN AVIATION
Authors: Khrulev Alexander , Saraievа Iryna
Published: June 2021

Problem. The features of the design and operation of piston engines in general aviation are considered. Comparative analysis of design features and parameters of automobile and aircraft engines is carried out. It is shown that car engines, despite the high technical level achieved at the beginning of the 21st century, do not technically meet aviation requirements. At the same time, engines created on the basis of automobiles through their deep modernization meet aviation requirements, however, modernization and adaptation of a standard automobile engine to aviation use in terms of costs compared to the creation of a new engine. Purpose. Carry out research on the failure of automobile engines used in light aviation. Methodology. Rough calculations of the service life of an automobile engine were made based on standard driving tests and a flight plan. According to the results of calculations, it has been established that the resource of a standard automobile engine in aviation is reduced many times due to prolonged operation at high loads and rotational speed that are not characteristic of ordinary automotive applications. Results. Experimental data have been obtained on the actual failure of standard automobile engines in aviation during the operating time, significantly less resource of aircraft engines of well-known brands. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the use of general aviation automobile engines is economically ineffective due to a short resource and insufficient reliability. Originality. Modern automobile engines, despite their technical perfection, cannot be used in aviation, since they do not correspond to aviation operating conditions. At the same time, adaptation of automobile engines to aviation applications is possible, but requires significant design changes, which makes their single use, as a rule, technically impractical and economically ineffective. Practical value. Due to the fact that saving on an aircraft engine is unacceptable from the point of view of flight safety, the aviation use of automobile engines without special modernization carries excessive risks of failures and their consequences. As a result, serial aircraft engines Lycoming, Continental, Jabiru, ULPower, Rotax, Limbach and others have virtually no alternative in general aviation.
Peran Guru dalam Pengoptimalan Potensi Emosi Anak terhadap Peningkatan Kreativitas Ekspresi pada Pembelajaran Seni Rupa di SD Kota Semarang
Authors: Mujiyono Mujiyono , Haryanto Eko , Gunadi Gunadi
Published: June 2021

Semua emosi dapat dipandang sebagai sumber informasi dan potensi untuk pemikiran dan produksi kreatif, tergantung pada keterampilan seseorang dalam mengenali, memahami, dan menyalurkan emosi-emosi itu secara efektif. Tujuan penelitian untuk menyelidiki metode pembelajaran dan hasil pembelajaran seni rupa yang dilakukan guru sekolah dasar di Kota Semarang dalam upaya mengoptimalkan kecerdasan emosional anak agar berperan menghasilkan kreativitas artistik. Pendekatan penelitian adalah deskriptif kualitatif yang bersifat eksplanatoris. Desain penelitian yang dipilih adalah studi kasus pada sekolah yang berkategori prestasi baik dengan melibatkan beberapa sekolah di wilayah yang berbeda dengan permasalahan atau unit analisisnya yang sama. Lokasi penelitian di SD Negeri Kota Semarang. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan tahapan reduksi data, sajian data, dan diakhiri dengan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian menujukkan hal-hal sebagai berikut. Pertama, guru menggunakan strategi pendekatan inspiratif melalui stimulasi individual dan klasikal untuk membangunkan dan memperdalam pengalaman emosional rutin maupun isidental hingga perasaan anak tersentuh agar kreativitas gambar terbentuk melalui pengoptimalan potensi emosi siswa. Peranan ini dapat dimainkan guru, baik pada saat awal ataupun proses pembelajaran khususnnya saat menggambar sedang berlangsung. Guru meminta siswa berekpresi pada gambar dengan tema bebas berdasarkan pilihan siswa dengan alat atau crayon. Kedua, gambar yang dihasilkan siswa menunjukkan kecenderungan kreativitas siswa yang baik, terlihat tema yang bervariasi mulai, suasana liburan, cita-cita, orang yang disayang, keceriaan, kegiatan yang disukai, lingkungan alam dan sebagainya. Corak gambar relatif sama yaitu representatif namun belum menunjukkan tingkat realistik yang sempurna. Selain itu, bentuk figur/subjek, warna, goresan garis yang bervariasi, kuat dan spontan.
Anime Sebagai Media Edukasi Digital Mengenai Fungsi Sel Darah Merah (Analisis Visualisasi Karakter AE 3803 Pada Anime Hataraku Saibou)
Authors: Salamoon Daniel Kurniawan
Published: June 2021

Perkembangan teknologi membawa dunia digital makin dekat pada kehidupan manusia sehari-hari. Hal ini membawa perubahan juga dalam proses manusia mencari kesenangan. Berbagai macam hiburan bisa didapat melalui media-media yang sehari-hari digunakan. Tayangan anime sebagai salah satu bentuk hiburan, bukan lagi tontonan yang sulit dicari. Hataraku Saibou, merupakan tayangan anime yang unik karena memberikan nilai edukasi biologi manusia. Di tengah banyaknya judul anime, kemunculan Hataraku Saibou bisa jadi mengubah pandangan bahwa anime hanya sekedar tayangan hiburan. Dari sisi studi media, artikel ini hendak membahas bagaimana tayangan ini menampilkan nilai edukasi khususnya mengenai visualisasi fungsi pada sel darah merah tanpa bersifat menggurui. Artikel ini mencoba membahas langkah ke depan dalam proses penanaman edukasi pada khalayak.
Membaca Ambiguitas pada Ilustrasi Visual Narasi Pembelajaran Sejarah di Media Sosial
Authors: Hagijanto Andrian Dektisa
Published: June 2021

Sejarah dipelajari melalui berbagai metode menggunakan berbagai media yang berkembang mengikuti perkembangan teknologi. Belajar sejarah tidak lagi membosankan karena dimungkinkan sang pembelajar bebas memilih media yang cocok dan disukainya, termasuk penggunaan berbagai ilustrasi visual. Belajar sejarah menjadi semakin menarik, ketika dilakukan oleh reenactor yang melibatkan penggunaan kostum dan merekayasa impresian sebagaimana serdadu pada jaman perang dahulu. Namun pembelajaran sejarah ternyata menciptakan berbagai narasi yang sarat kepentingan serta menjadi artikulasi dari hidden agenda. Pembelajaran yang juga berpotensi menciptakan kebingungan visual, ketika banyak kreator konten mencampuir-adukan ilustrasi visual secara bebas dan mengabaikan otentisitasnya. Alih-alih sebagai pendongkrak daya tarik yang bebas menggunakan cuplikan dokumentasi sejarah, film komersiil, bahkan dokumentasi drama teatrikal peringatan peperangan sebagai ilustrasi visual pendukung konten tentang pertempuran. Ilustrasi visual itu disusun serampangan yang hanya mengutamakan dramatisasi, mengabaikan otentisitas dan time frame. Ilustrasi visual itu malah menjadi bentuk ambiguitas konten kesejarahan. Paper ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan studi pustaka dan wawancara kemudian analisis visual menggunakan sudut pandang semiologi Barthesian.
Re-examining the Philosophical Underpinnings of the Melting Pot vs. Multiculturalism in the Current Immigration Debate in the United States
Authors: Woldeab Daniel , Yawson Robert , Woldeab Irina M
Published: June 2021

Immigration to the United States is
certainly not a new phenomenon, and it is therefore natural for immigration,
culture and identity to be given due attention by the public and policy makers.
However, current discussion of immigration, legal and illegal, and the
philosophical underpinnings is ‘lost in translation’, not necessarily on
ideological lines, but on political orientation. In this paper we reexamine the
philosophical underpinnings of the melting pot versus multiculturalism as
antecedents and precedents of current immigration debate and how the core
issues are lost in translation. We take a brief look at immigrants and the
economy to situate the current immigration debate. We then discuss the two
philosophical approaches to immigration and how the understanding of the
philosophical foundations can help streamline the current immigration debate.
The construction of the Covid-19 pandemic as a social problem: expert discourse and representational naturalization in the mass media during the first wave of the pandemic in Canada
Authors: Negura Lilian , Masse Yannick , Plante Nathalie
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we analyze the evolution of the expert discourse in the media during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic in Canada. From our analysis of 527 media products published by CBC/Radio Canada between January 1 and August 31, 2020, it was possible to document the type of expertise mobilized, the types of experts engaged by the media, the modalities of appropriation of this discourse by non-experts and the use of expert discourse by political actors. We organize our analysis around governmental measures that have generated more controversy and debate in the media (e.g., closing international borders) and that will be used to analyze the processes of representational naturalization (Negura and Plante, submitted).

We begin our chapter with an overview of the use of expertise in the Canadian public- health decision-making chain in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic by highlighting the tensions, contradictions, and paradoxes in political communication that this process revealed. We demonstrate the relevance of studying these dynamics reflected in the media from the perspective of social representations. A brief explanation of the research objectives, the data used and some methodological elements will follow. We then discuss the results of our analysis of the different stages of the evolution of the pandemic in Canada according to the expert discourse in the media. Finally, our analysis focuses on the role of expert discourse in determining what aspects of Covid-19 the public and the political authorities in Canada have defined as a social problem.
The Resolution of Musical Chords: A Physical Paradigm
Authors: Mathew Steve
Published: June 2021

In any form of music, the fundamental aspect which gives the most of an essence is the tune of the composition. An integral concept in orchestral music is chords. Chords usually follow the notes of the song, making it harmonious with the overall progression of the performance. Chords are often interchangeable within the scale of the song. The mellifluous effect of chords and the harmony it portrays are self-explanatory and pleasant. There lies a mathematical and physical reason behind the working of these chords and the movement shown by them during the piece. In this study, we look at the fundamental tonal frequencies associated with the notes of the chords and analyze the patterns exhibited and draw meaningful conclusions corroborating the scientific relationship with music and its play, while proposing a new musical phenomenon called ‘tonal inertia’ that seems to potentially explain the musical conventions using physical bases.
Photothermal and photodynamic photoactivation of nanomaterials-based prodrugs are two key methods for NIR light-mediated photoactivation
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

New research focuses on nanomaterials-based prodrugs (NLNPs) activation techniques, mechanisms, and bioapplications. Photothermal and photodynamic photoactivation of nanomaterials-based prodrugs are being explored as two key methods for NIR light-mediated photoactivation. Four common applications of NLNPs in cancer treatment have been completed, but the clinical translation is more complicated. Large-scale manufacturing of high-quality NLNps is critical for valid prodrug activation and delivering the intended therapeutic effect. NILNPs with higher therapeutic efficacy, superior biosafety, and stability are predicted to be developed as a result of future research.
Aditya_130218191_6_A
Authors: Aditya
Published: June 2021

Citation UMKM perekonomian Indonesia Aditya_130218191
Bacterial nanoparticles can deliver proteins, medications, enzymes, and genes to diagnose and cure numerous illnesses
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Bacterial nanoparticles can transport proteins, medicines, enzymes, and genes for the detection and treatment of several diseases, including gastrointestinal illnesses, diabetes, cancer, and infections. The key problem of bacteria-derived nanoparticles is the dose-limiting toxicity of bacterial cells. This intrinsic bacterial toxicity hampers further therapeutic use of these nanoparticles, since they contain persistent toxicity even when toxin-encoding is removed. A multi-particle membrane vesicle-based vaccine produced from a Neisseria meningitidis virulent strain was approved for clinical use under the brand name Bexsero. The adaptability of nanoparticles based on bacteria and the utilization of synthetic biotechnologies allows for further research and potential therapeutic uses. Using sophisticated and specialized features of engineering materials can overcome the problems facing bacteria-based medication delivery systems. The creation of genetically and chemically altered gut microorganisms is a potential approach to illness prevention and therapy. While the various preparation processes and arduous separation procedures needed make them unsuitable for large-scale production, they should still be devised.
Quantum dots have the potential to be used in gene therapy
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Quantum dots (QDs) are nanoscale semiconductor crystals shown to be intriguing materials in several domains, including biology. Alexei Ekimov originally discovered QDs in the 1980s. The development and utilization of chemical, physical and biological disciplines and new approaches are expected to be available for clinical usage in the near future (e.g., surface functionalization techniques). These efforts should focus largely on overcoming the long-term toxicity of QDs to produce a pharmaceutical QD product for clinical and industrial applications. Other issues include repeatability in QD manufacturing and setting uniform quality standards to ensure batch-to-batch differences are minimized. Additionally, the techniques of administering produced QDs into the body and their regimens should be fully assessed and assessed to fulfill clinical criteria. It is suggested that recent improvements in our understanding of the body's molecular interactions give an insight into the prospective use of QDs in customized treatment. Non-specific QD binding to cell and tissue molecular compartments (e.g. proteins) remains a challenge and researchers worldwide are recommended to focus more on it. Another major impediment to the widespread use of QDs is the heterogeneity in the structure and content of QDs (whether bare or functional), which makes it difficult to draw conclusions about their potential in therapeutic applications and necessitates additional research to develop dependable techniques. Although the barriers to employing QDs in clinical applications have not been completely solved, emerging advances allow this class of materials to approach its therapeutic potential.
Mesenchymal stem cells strategies in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been a new research focus for cancer treatment. Future cancer sufferers will considerably profit from their use in the future. Tumor-directed migratory and integration capacities of MSCs are exceptional, making them potential carriers for the delivery of anticancer medicines, notably cytokines. Their usage in the clinic has lasted around 10 years. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to create successful cancer treatments has been demonstrated in everything from animal models to human studies.
El uso de fuentes históricas en la escuela y el desarrollo del pensamiento histórico del estudiantado
Authors: Martín Javier Ibagón
Published: June 2021

el presente texto a partir de los planteamientos teóricos y prácticos producidos desde esta última corriente de investigación, analiza las potencialidades y desafíos educativos que supone el uso de fuentes históricas en el desarrollo de procesos formativos ligados a la enseñanza y aprendizaje escolar de la historia. Para ello, se proponen cuatro ejes de discusión: el primero, se centra en definir qué es y cómo se estructura el pensamiento histórico, análisis que se considera fundamental para entender el para qué del uso escolar de las fuentes; el segundo eje, identifica criterios transversales que se deben tener en cuenta en la definición y uso de las fuentes entendidas como dispositivos pedagógicos; el tercer eje, propone una discusión sobre la importancia que tiene, para enseñar y aprender historia, identificar los diversos niveles de interpretación desde los cuales un hecho o fenómeno histórico se narra, y; finalmente, el cuarto eje, como resultado de las discusiones previas, explora las implicaciones que tiene el uso de fuentes en la renovación de las prácticas docentes, ejercicio que se realiza mediante el análisis de retos y desafíos que se producen en diversos niveles de la acción pedagógica.
Lidiar con las cargas del pasado en la escuela. Reflexiones desde la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la Historia
Authors: Ibagón-Martín Nilson Javier
Published: June 2021

El presente texto analiza los retos y posibilidades formativas que implica para la enseñanza de la historia −entendida como campo de conocimiento−, incluir en la escuela contenidos substantivos asociados a pasados traumáticos y controversiales. Para ello se han establecido tres ejes de reflexión: el primero identifica los obstáculos y problemáticas que se deben sortear al momento de promover en los salones de clase, reflexiones de carácter histórico sobre procesos, acontecimientos o hechos que marcaron a una sociedad por el dolor, la barbarie y la violencia de dichas experiencias; luego, se explora la importancia que tienen la reestructuración teórica y metodológica de la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la historia, en la puesta en marcha de procesos escolares dirigidos a la comprensión crítica de este tipo de pasados, y; finalmente, se analizan las ventajas formativas que trae consigo abordar los pasados traumáticos y conflictivos a través de enfoques de enseñanza-aprendizaje basados en el desarrollo del pensamiento históricos de los estudiantes, específicamente, en una de sus habilidades centrales: la multiperspectividad histórica.
Government Efforts to Increase MSME Sales in Indonesia
Authors: sadrakh kevin
Published: June 2021

Government Efforts to Increase MSME Sales in Indonesia because of Covid 19
Dragonthony Goldwi Chandra_130218197_6_A
Authors: CHANDRA DRAGONTHONY GOLDWI
Published: June 2021

Sitasi UMKM Dragonthony Goldwi Chandra 130218197
Making Sense of Music in Car Commercials
Authors: Brooks Marc
Published: June 2021

By analyzing the relationships between image, music, sound, voiceover, and text, I argue that the Ford Super Bowl LI "go further" commercial offers viewers a sense of “how it would feel” to drive or own a Ford car. An initial semiotic analysis shows that Nina Simone's "I Wish I Knew" helps to communicate that the car will make you free. But the advert’s effectiveness lies in its generation of a multilayered and complex sense of “to be free,” due in no small part to the original song’s embodiment of the particular type of radical freedom demanded by the black civil rights movement to which Simone belonged.
“Korelasi Metode Apologogetika Trinitas Situasional Ditinjau dari Konteks Pelayanan Misi Bagi Gereja Masa Kini”
Authors: Dewa Ananda Dharmawan Kustia
Published: June 2021

Pandangan mengenai trinitas ini bukanlah sesuatu yang mudah untuk diperbincangkan bahkan Alkitabpun tidak memberikan penjelasan yang jelas dan rinci mengenai hal Trinitas ini. Seperti halnya yang kita pahami sampai dengan saat ini baik dalam perjanjian Lama maupun Perjanjian Baru tidak menggambarkan dasar yang kuat mengenai konsep Trinnitas. Baik secara implisit maupun eksplisit. Seperti juga ungkapan Agusyinan yang memberikan pemahaman dan pokok-pokok pendekatan untuk memahami Allah yang menyatakan dirinya pada Alkitab adalah Allah yang Trinitas, namun hal ini belum menjawab secara pasti mengenai Trinitas itu yang sesungguhnya.
Oke Sabella_130218202_Kel6_A
Authors: SABELLA OKE
Published: June 2021

Citation Perekonomian Indonesia 2021 KPA
“Gaya Hidup Serba Glamour Mahasiswai Sering Berkembangnya Zaman Khususnya Di Kampus Teologi”
Authors: Sembo Jeni
Published: June 2021

Dunia kampus adalah tempat dimana kita belajar, menimba ilmu, dan bergaul dengan mahasiswa lainnya. Di kampus kita belajar mengenai banyak ilmu yang belum kita ketahui. Dalam kampus kita sering berjumpa dan beriteraksi dengan mahasiswa/i yang lainnya. Namun kita pun tidak dapat menghindari, ketika bertemu dengan mereka banyak darinya yang memiliki gaya hidup (busana, tata rias, dan juga penampilan) yang glamour (mewah/ sesuatu yang berlebihan) tanpa melihat situasi dan juga konteks dimana mereka berada.Khususnya mahasiswa/i teologi yang seharusnya sederhana namun sering kali dan tanpa disadari mereka hidup bak selebriti dan serba glamour. Dalam mengikuti perkembangan zaman kebanyakan mahasiswa/i di pengaruhi oleh budaya luar. Dimana gaya berpakaian mereka tidak lagi mencerminkan diri sebagai seorang mahasiwa teologi.
Turbulent flow effects in hydraulic fracture propagation in permeable rock
Authors: Kanin Evgenii , Garagash Dmitry , Osiptsov Andrei
Published: June 2021

This chapter considers a model for a radial hydraulic fracture propagation in a permeable, linear elastic rock formation driven by a point source fluid injection. The linear elastic fracture mechanics theory controls the quasi-static propagation. The hydraulic fracturing fluid is slickwater -- pure water solution with polymeric additives which allow reducing the fluid flow friction in the wellbore and fracture in reservoir field applications. We focus on the possible transformation of the fluid flow regime inside the fracture channel from laminar to turbulent with distance from the fracture front. We assume that the turbulent friction of slickwater is described by the maximum drag reduction asymptote, while Carter's law governs the leak-off into the permeable rock. The solution is obtained numerically using the algorithm based on the Gauss-Chebyshev quadrature and Barycentric Lagrange interpolation techniques. We compute solution examples for typical field cases and demonstrate a significant impact of the turbulent flow regime during the initial few minutes of propagation, namely, shorter radius and wider maximum aperture than the laminar model provides. Moreover, we observe higher fluid pressure values at the wellbore within tens of minutes of the start of the injection. This leads to a larger hydraulic pumping power requirement than the laminar model predicts. We also find that the fluid leak-off into the permeable rock enhances the turbulent flow effect in the fracture when compared to the impermeable rock case. In order to analyze the parametric dependence of the general solution, we convert the governing equations into the dimensionless form. We perform an extensive exploration of the normalized solution in space of two non-dimensional parameters, leak-off and characteristic Reynolds numbers, and normalized time. Specifically, we determine the applicability domains of the limiting propagation regimes to frame the general solution, investigate the alterations of the crack characteristics depending on the governing parameters, and identify zones where the turbulent flow is important.
A Reduced Order Approach for Probabilistic Inversions of 3D Magnetotelluric Data II: Joint inversion of 3D MT and Surface-Wave Data
Authors: Manassero Maria , Afonso Juan , Zyserman Fabio , Zlotnik Sergio , Fomin Ilya
Published: June 2021

Joint probabilistic inversions of magnetotelluric (MT) and seismic data has great potential for imaging the thermochemical structure of the lithosphere as well as mapping fluid/melt pathways and regions of mantle metasomatism. In this contribution we present a novel probabilistic (Bayesian) joint inversion scheme for 3D MT and surface-wave dispersion data particularly designed for large-scale lithospheric studies. The approach makes use of a recently developed strategy for fast solutions of the 3D MT forward problem (Manassero et al.,2020) and combines it with adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms and parallel-in-parallel strategies to achieve extremely efficient simulations. To demonstrate the feasibility, benefits and performance of our joint inversion method to image the temperature and conductivity structures of the lithosphere, we apply it to two numerical examples of increasing complexity. The inversion approach presented here is timely and will be useful in the joint analysis of MT and surface wave data that are being collected in many parts of the world. This approach also opens up new avenues for the study of translithospheric and transcrustal magmatic systems, the detection of metasomatised mantle and the incorporation of MT into multi-observable inversions for the physical state of the Earth's interior.
Yogic Tradition and Well-being
Authors: Agrawal Jyotsna
Published: June 2021

This paper delineates the concept of well-being in modern psychological literature, the variety of pathways studied and its relationship with meaning and spirituality. It further discusses the cultural criticism of modern study of well-being and makes a case for insights from non-western cultures to be included in the mainstream literature. It further discusses the various types of happiness as well as pathways towards them, as discussed in the Indian tradition. These ideas have been substantiated by empirical research and some of the results have been presented in this chapter. It further presents a yogic psycho-spiritual model, based on thematic analysis of core yogic texts, which may be utilized in future for well-being interventions.
Perceptual Idealism and Phenomenal Geometry
Authors: Linton Paul
Published: June 2021

My account of 3D vision attempts to preserve many of the traditional commitments of naïve realism, whilst rejecting its central tenet of mind-independence. In this fourth post I explain why this provides a more satisfactory solution to variations in scene geometry with viewing conditions than recent ‘four-dimensional’ accounts.
The physiological study of emotional piloerection: A literature review and guide for future research
Authors: McPhetres Jonathon , Zickfeld Janis
Published: June 2021

This paper provides an accessible review of the biological and psychological evidence to guide new and experienced researchers in the study of emotional piloerection in humans. I first discuss the mechanisms and function of non-emotional and emotional piloerection. A systematic review (N = 27) reveals that indices of sympathetic activation are abundant, suggesting emotional piloerection occurs with increased skin conductivity and heart rate. Measures of emotions and parasympathetic activation are lacking and no clear conclusions can be drawn. Finally, I provide an overview of the methodological possibilities and I highlight some pressing questions researchers may wish to answer in future studies.
Associations between Perceived Discrimination and Suicidal Ideation and Behavior in Youth
Authors: Pearlman Arielle T. , Murphy Mikela , Johnson Nia , Klein David A , Gray Joshua , Schvey Natasha
Published: June 2021

Objective: Among adults, discrimination is associated with adverse mental health sequelae, including suicidal ideation and behaviors. However, these associations have not been assessed among youth, who may be vulnerable to experiences of discrimination based upon multiple attributes. Method: The current study, therefore, assessed perceived discrimination based on: 1) race/ethnicity/color; 2) nationality; 3) weight; and 4) sexual orientation among a sample of 10-11 year old youths and associations with both suicidal ideation and behaviors, as assessed by a computerized semi-structured interview. Results: Participants were 11,015 youths (Mage: 10.92 ± .64y, 47.8% female, 53.4% White, 14.1% Black, 9.1% multi-racial, 2.1% Asian, and 19.8% Hispanic) participating in the one-year in-person visit of the ABCD Study. Experiences of discrimination were reported by 1.6 ‒ 6.0% of the sample. Suicidal ideation and behavior were reported by 8.1% and 1.5% of participants, respectively. Adjusting for covariates, including the presence of any lifetime depressive disorder, all forms of discrimination were associated with suicidal ideation (ORs: 2.1 ‒ 5.0; ps < .001), and discrimination based on weight (OR: 4.0), race/ethnicity/color (OR: 2.8), and sexual orientation (OR: 7.1) were associated with suicidal behavior (ps < .001). The odds of both suicidal ideation and behavior increased with each additional type of discrimination reported. Conclusions: Findings indicate that beginning in childhood, experiences of reported discrimination may be linked to suicidality. Further, multiple forms of discrimination may have a cumulative impact on youths with intersecting marginalized identities. Reported discrimination and victimization should be routinely assessed among youth in clinical settings.
Microdosing psychedelics and its effect on creativity: Lessons learned from three double-blind placebo controlled longitudinal trials
Authors: Prochazkova Luisa , van Elk Michiel , Marschall Josephine Claire , Rifkin Ben David , Fejer George , Schoen Neil , Fiacchino Donatella , Kuchar Martin , Hommel Bernhard
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Microdosing refers to the repetitive administration of tiny doses of psychedelics (LSD, Psilocybin) over an extended period of time. This practice has been linked to alleged cognitive benefits, such as improved mood and creativity, potentiated by targeting serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors and facilitating cognitive flexibility. Nonetheless, in the absence of robust, quantitative and double-blind research on the effect of microdosing, such claims remain anecdotal.Methods: Here, our main aim was to quantitatively explore the effect of microdosing psychedelic truffles on two creativity tasks assumed to rely on separable processes: the Picture Concept Task assessing convergent thinking and the Alternative Uses Task assessing divergent thinking. We present results from 3 double-blind placebo-controlled longitudinal trials (of which one was pre-registered) conducted in a semi-naturalistic setting. Furthermore, we controlled for expectation and learning biases, and the data were mega-analyzed across trials with a pooled sample of 175 participants in order to maximize statistical power.Results: In the final analyses we found that active microdosing increased the ratio of original responses (originality/fluency), indicating higher quality of divergent answers in the active microdosing condition. The unadjusted originality score was significantly more pronounced in the active microdosing condition, but only when relative dosage (dose/weight of participants) was considered. These effects were present after controlling for expectation and demographic biases. No effects of active microdosing were found for convergent thinking or any other divergent-thinking score. The results suggest that the effects of truffle mirodosing are limited to divergent quality and are more subtle than initially anticipated. Our findings furthermore highlighted the importance of controlling for expectation biases, placebo effects, and prior psychedelic experience in microdosing practice and research.
Let the Algorithm Speak: How to Use Neural Networks for Automatic Item Generation in Psychological Scale Development
Authors: Götz Friedrich Martin , Maertens Rakoen , Loomba Sahil , Linden Sander van der
Published: June 2021

Measurement is at the heart of scientific research. As many—perhaps most—psychological constructs cannot be directly observed, there is a steady demand for reliable self-report scales to assess latent constructs. However, scale development is a tedious process that requires researchers to produce good items in large quantities. In this tutorial, we introduce, explain, and apply the Psychometric Item Generator (PIG), an open-source, free-to-use, self-sufficient natural language processing algorithm that produces large-scale, human-like, customised text output within a few mouse clicks. The PIG is based on the GPT-2, a powerful generative language model, and runs on Google Colaboratory—an interactive virtual notebook environment that executes code on state-of-the-art virtual machines at no cost. Across two demonstrations and a pre-registered five-pronged empirical validation with two Canadian samples (NSample1 = 501, NSample2 = 773), we show that the PIG is equally well-suited to generate large pools of face-valid items for novel constructs (i.e., wanderlust) and create parsimonious short scales of existing constructs (i.e., Big Five personality traits) that yield strong performances when tested in the wild and benchmarked against current gold standards for assessment. The PIG does not require any prior coding skills or access to computational resources and can easily be tailored to any desired context by simply switching out short linguistic prompts in a single line of code. In short, we present an effective, novel machine learning solution to an old psychological challenge. As such, the PIG will not require you to learn a new language—but instead, speak yours.
Surface air temperature trends in Kathmandu Valley for 2011-2017
Authors: Thapa A. , Silwal A , Gautam S P , Nepal C K. , Bhattarai S. , Timsina D
Published: June 2021

In this study, we reviewed the maximum and minimum temperature trends of the Kathmandu valley over the period of 2011-2017. In addition, the average monthly temperature trends were studied annually for the same period, with the data made available from the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM) of Nepal. The annual temperature trended in the same direction, with winter temperatures being lower and summer temperatures being higher. The annual average minimum and maximum air temperature trends were found to be slightly rising at 0.097˚C/year and 0.04˚C/year, respectively. The mean air temperature in Kathmandu valley is increasing at a rate of 0.06 degrees Celsius per year, with 2016 being the warmest year and 2012 being the least warm, with annual mean temperatures of 19.82˚C and 19.32˚C, respectively. The temperature difference is much smaller in the summer (less than ~12˚C) than in the winter. 

BIBECHANA 18 (2) (2021) 95-104
Synthesis of antioxidative anthraquinones as potential anticancer agents
Authors: Gupta Richa K. , Thakuri Ganesh M. S. , Bajracharya Gan B , Jha Ram Narayan
Published: June 2021

Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of natural anthraquinones namely chrysophanol (1) and emodin (2), and synthesized anthraquinones viz. 2-methylanthraquinone (3), anthraquinone (4), 2-bromoanthraquinone (5), rubiadin (6), chrysophanol diacetate (7), rubiadin diacetate (8) and 1,8-dimethoxy-3-methylanthraquinone (9) were investigated. Anthraquinones 9, 3, 6, 5 and 2 exhibited a high DPPH• radical scavenging capacity (IC50 = <500 μg/mL) showing their therapeutic potentiality for the treatment of cancers. These anthraquinones 1-9 have also displayed a weak to moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. Chrysophanol diacetate (7) including emodin (2) have been appeared as the valuable antibacterials.

BIBECHANA 18 (2) (2021) 143-153
Knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 among nursing students of Lalitpur
Authors: Awale Shanti , KC Sarala , Maharjan Ratna Kumari , Panthee Bimala
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus mainly present with fever, dry cough, fatigue, myalgia, and dyspnea. This study was aimed to identify the knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19 among nursing students.

Method: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted to find out knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19 among nursing students of the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur. Online Google form was used for data collection. The SPSS 16 version was used to analyze.

Result: Out of 382 nursing students, the majority knew COVID-19, with 84.54% correct responses (6,782 out of a total 8,022). A favorable attitude toward COVID-19 was found in 209 (54.7%). There was a positive correlation between student's knowledge and attitude (r =0.10, p=0.04) and no significant association between demographic variables and attitude.

Conclusion: Most (84.54%) of the nursing students surveyed knew COVID- 19 and more than half of them had a favorable attitude toward COVID.
Maternal health services utilization among mothers in a rural municipality
Authors: Ghimire Nirmala , Agrawal Khatry Roshani , Shakya Vivechana
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Maternal health is essential to ensure the good health of the mother as well as children and by extension, the whole family. Despite the various measures launched by the government to enhance maternal care services, the utilization remains at large.

Method: A community-based face to face interview was conducted using a pre-tested structured survey questionnaire to find out maternal health service utilization among mothers in Mahankal Rural Municipality, Lalitpur, Nepal, during Feb-Jun 2020. A probability simple random sampling was used to select mothers having children aged between 1 to 3 y. A score of  ≥mean was considered good utilization and below it a poor utilization. The study was approved by the ethical committee. The SPSS 16 was used for descriptive (frequency, mean) and comparative analysis by chi square between demographics and health service utilization.

Result: There were a total of 178 mothers surveyed, the mean age of 25.9±4.4 y, 77(43.3%) had completed elementary school, and 147(82.6%) were farmers. Good utilization of maternal health service 98(55%) and poor utilization 80(45%). The majority 153(86%) had ≥4 Antenatal checkups, 55(30.9%) had delivered at home despite the government incentive for institutional delivery, 105(59%) had postnatal visits ≥1, and 18(10%) had 3 postnatal visits.  

Conclusion: The study revealed that slightly more than half (55%) of mothers surveyed had good utilization of maternal health services.
Clinical characteristics and perspectives of children and youths with type 1 diabetes attending Patan Hospital, Nepal
Authors: Paudel Ujjawal , Paudyal Buddhi Prasad , Kansakar Prerana , Shakya Mila
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1) has reportedly a high proportion of initial presentation as diabetic ketoacidosis, more in resource-poor settings. This study was designed to assess the demographics and clinical characteristics of DM1 patients as well as their perception of diabetes management in local scenario. 

Method: This is a cross-sectional study of data collected prospectively by a questionnaire survey among young patients with DM1 presenting to Medical and Paediatric Referral Clinics of Patan Hospital, Nepal during April 2016 to June 2016. Ethical approval was obtained. Demographics, and disease process- initial presentation of diabetic ketoacidosis, HBA1c target, and common problems were analyzed by SPSS using chi-square and Fisher exact tests, p<0.05 considered statistically significant.

Result: Fifty-eight patients were enrolled in the study. Diabetic ketoacidosis was the initial presentation in 27(46.55%). A 15(27.78%) of surveyed patients had achieved age-specific goals of the HbA1c target. Financial issues and difficulty to come for regular follow-ups were the common problems in diabetes management.

Conclusion: Diabetic ketoacidosis was a common initial presentation in nearly half of the DM1 patients. Three quarter of them didn’t have adequate control of the disease with age-specific goals of the HbA1c target.
Sustainable development of the business debt trading market in Vietnam: A view of Vietnam Debt and Asset Trading Corporation
Authors:   National Economics University, Do Hong Nhung , Tran Thi Dieu Huong ,   Quy Nhon Univesity
Published: June 2021

Along with production and business activities, debt is also a major concern of Vietnamese businesses. Debt can help businesses do business better, but it can also make businesses face difficulties in cash flow and liquidity. Meanwhile, the debt trading market in Vietnam is still primitive and underdeveloped. The article analyses the debt situation of businesses and the debt trading market in Vietnam from the perspective of business activities of Vietnam Debt and Asset Trading Coporation to gain an overview of the debt trading market and business debt trading activities to develop the business debt trading market in Vietnam.
Diversity of oil plant resourcesin the Central Highlands region and antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils of Magnolia citrataNoot. & Chalermglinand Hedyosmum orientaleMerr. & Chun
Authors:   Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Luu Dam Ngoc Anh , Nguyen Hai Dang ,   University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Bui Van Huong ,   Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ninh Khac Ban ,   University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nguyen Chi Mai ,   Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Luu Dam Cu ,   Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
Published: June 2021

The Central Highlands (Tay Nguyen) possesses suitable resources for the cultivation of valuable industrial plants. The region also enjoys favourable conditions, which are highland topography, sub-tropical climate, and abundant flora, for the flourishment of essential oil resources. The authors conducted surveys and assessments in five provinces: Lam Dong, Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lak, and Dak Nong. As a result, there were 248 plants with sufficient essential oil contents were identified. Besides, the authors also conducted research on the contents, chemical compositions, bioactivities, and recognised several species with considerable potentials for pharmaceutical use, due to their high concentration and quality of oils such as some in the genera Gaultheria, Magnolia, etc..
BIM application for the steel box girder overpass with reinforced concrete slabs at 550 crossroad, Binh Duong province
Authors:   V7 Engineering and Technology Company Limited Co.Ltd, Ngo Thanh Thuy ,   University of Transport and Communications, Campus in Ho Chi Minh city, Nguyen Quoc Chuong ,   V7 Engineering and Technology Company Limited Co.Ltd, Do Minh Truyen ,   V7 Engineering and Technology Company Limited Co.Ltd, Nguyen Truong Giang ,   V7 Engineering and Technology Company Limited Co.Ltd, Nguyen Xuan Viet ,   V7 Engineering and Technology Company Limited Co.Ltd, Huynh Xuan Tin ,   V7 Engineering and Technology Company Limited Co.Ltd,   University of Transport and Communications, Campus in Ho Chi Minh city
Published: June 2021

Currently, most countries in the world have applied BIM (Building information modeling) in the transpor-tation field thank to being aware of the need for BIM in construction, and the great benefits brought by BIM. Vietnam is also not outside of that trend, the application of BIM in the transport sector is expected to help Viet-nam’s transportation industry to address challenges and move towards sustainable transport development. BIM has proven effectiveness in building and managing in-formation during the project life cycle. In this study, the authors propose the BIM application for the steel box girder overpass with reinforced concrete slabs at 550 crossroad, Binh Duong province.
An efficient method for reflective surface scanning using Kinect v2
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hai Phong University, Bui Van Bien , Banh Tien Long ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Pham Duc An ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Nguyen Duc Toan ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology
Published: June 2021

ToF cameras, also identified as range imaging cameras, are a recent generation of sensors. As they are desirable for measuring distances to objects at a high frame rate, such sensors are increasingly used for 3D acquisitions, and more generally for applications in robotics or reverse engineering. In this study, the authors presented an efficient method for reflective surface scanning using Kinect v2. The approach is based on the principles of the ICP (Iterative Closest Point) algorithm. During the Kinect v2 scanning, the obtained point cloud is incomplete and includes flying pixels. The authors solve the flying pixel problem by capturing point clouds as multiple viewpoints. Each point cloud belongs to each coordinate. Then, all of the point clouds must be aligned and combined using the ICP algorithm. The experimental results show that the quality of the method is significantly improved.