bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Terminology and ontologies
Authors: Montiel-Ponsoda Elena
Published: June 2022

This chapter revisits the relation between terminologies and ontologies, focusing on those aspects that lie at the intersection of the two worlds. Terminological resources, methods and tools that follow the conceptual paradigm are analyzed to explain how close they are to ontologies. Then, current methodologies in Ontology Engineering are reviewed from a terminological perspective to highlight those aspects of terminological practice that are becoming increasingly relevant in an ontology development process. Finally, current trends and models in Ontology Engineering whose aim is to enrich ontologies with linguistic (terminological) descriptions are examined in the light of their use in Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing tools, pointing to a renewed convergence of these two worlds.
Units of understanding in Sociocognitive Terminology studies
Authors: Temmerman Rita
Published: June 2022

In Sociocognitive Terminology theory the point of departure is the ‘unit of understanding’(UoU). A UoU exists because of three key elements. First, the understander relies on the senses to get a grip on aspects of reality. Second, the understander has a functioning mind. Third, the understander has proficiency in at least one human language allowing him to put into words his personal understanding of a unit as well as to understand discourse that represents earlier references to the UoU under consideration. Four more aspects need to be added to make this theory complete: prototypicality in understanding, embeddedness in society, a diachronic perspective, and the impact of metaphorical framing. Three case studies that were executed within the framework of Sociocognitive Terminology studies are presented.
Frame-based Terminology
Authors: Faber Pamela
Published: June 2022

This chapter develops the theoretical premises and the semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic microtheories underlying Frame-Based Terminology and the organization of specialized knowledge. It also explains how these premises have been implemented to formulate terminological definitions, model specialized knowledge concepts, create semantic networks, and design specialized knowledge resources. Conceptual modeling in knowledge resource design should capture both the micro- and macrocontexts of concepts. This not only means structuring individual term entries but also capturing the relationships between them. These relations reveal the most frequent combinations and activations of specialized knowledge units, which are indicative of some type of large-scale knowledge structure in which individual concepts are meaningfully related to each other.
Chloride corrosion property evolution of CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy coating
Authors: Wang Caimei , Ma Xiaoyu , Zhang Hua , Zhang Yu , Wang Feifan , Song Baoyong
Published: June 2022

CrMnFeCoNi coating was produced on the X65 steel substrate by the arc cladding method. The microstructure and chemical composition of the coating were explored. The results reveal that the CrMnFeCoNi coating exhibited a single-phase structure. The corrosion behaviour of the coating was investigated by the electrochemical test in NaCl solution (3.5 wt-%). The results show that the CrMnFeCoNi coating possessed lower corrosion current density and higher charge transfer resistance than the X65 steel. The superior corrosion resistance of the CrMnFeCoNi coating compared to the X65 steel substrate was due to the formation of the protective passive film. The coating effectively improved the corrosion resistance of the X65 steel substrate.
Low-cost fabrication of high-performance composite structures using external compaction pressure
Authors: Kromik Andreas , Underhill Ian , Javanbakht Zia , Francucci Gaston , Hall Wayne
Published: June 2022

In the composite industry, wet lay-up and vacuum bagging are widely used, low-cost manufacturing processes. This paper investigates the mechanical performance of wet layup and vacuum bagged carbon fibre-reinforced laminates compressed in a hydraulic press at different compaction pressures. The external compaction pressure is shown to significantly reduce void content, and increase the fibre volume fraction and mechanical performance of tested laminates. The tensile and flexural properties of tested specimens subjected to high levels of external compaction pressure are found to be comparable to those of out-of-autoclave (OOA) prepreg specimens. It is summised that the use of external compaction pressure over wet layup and vacuum bagged composites offers a low-cost (and low-energy) industrial processing route for manufacturing high-performance carbon fibre-reinforced components.
Coro1B and Coro1C regulate lamellipodia dynamics and cell motility by tuning branched actin turnover
Authors: King Zayna T. , Butler Mitchell T. , Hockenberry Max A. , Subramanian Bhagawat C. , Siesser Priscila F. , Graham David M. , Legant Wesley R. , Bear James E.
Published: June 2022

Actin filament dynamics must be precisely controlled in cells to execute behaviors such as vesicular trafficking, cytokinesis, and migration. Coronins are conserved actin-binding proteins that regulate several actin-dependent subcellular processes. Here, we describe a new conditional knockout cell line for two ubiquitous coronins, Coro1B and Coro1C. These coronins, which strongly co-localize with Arp2/3-branched actin, require Arp2/3 activity for proper subcellular localization. Coronin null cells have altered lamellipodial protrusion dynamics due to increased branched actin density and reduced actin turnover within lamellipodia, leading to defective haptotaxis. Surprisingly, excessive cofilin accumulates in coronin null lamellipodia, a result that is inconsistent with the current models of coronin–cofilin functional interaction. However, consistent with coronins playing a pro-cofilin role, coronin null cells have increased F-actin levels. Lastly, we demonstrate that the loss of coronins increases accompanied by an increase in cellular contractility. Together, our observations reveal that coronins are critical for proper turnover of branched actin networks and that decreased actin turnover leads to increased cellular contractility.
Soliton solution to the complex modified Korteweg–de Vries equation on both zero and nonzero background via the robust inverse scattering method
Authors: Zhang Yong , Ren Yanwei , Dong Huanhe
Published: June 2022

In this paper, based on the robust inverse scattering method, we construct two kinds of solutions to the focusing modified Korteweg–de Vries equation. One is the classical soliton solution under the zero background condition and the other one is given through the nonzero background. Especially, for the nonzero background case, we choose a special spectral parameter such that the nonzero background solution is changed into the rational travelling waves. Finally, we also give a simple analysis of the soliton as the time

t

is large, then we give the comparison between the exact solution and the asymptotic solution.
Nonlinear Propagation of Gaussian Laser Beam in Magnetized Plasma: Effect of Oblique Magnetic Field
Authors: Pawar V. S. , Nikam P. P. , Takale P. T. , Kokare S. R. , Patil S. D. , Takale M. V.
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the propagation of Gaussian laser beam in underdense and magnetized plasma has been studied. The effect of oblique external magnetic field on self-focusing of laser is specifically explored. An envelope equation governing dependence of beam-width parameter with dimensionless distance of propagation of laser is derived by adopting parabolic equation approach under WKB and paraxial approximations. It is found that increasing the angle between the laser beam magnetic field and external magnetic field decreases the self-focusing of laser propagating through plasma.
The Bright and Dark Shades of Transparent Conducting Perovskites: From Science to Global Market
Authors: Sharma Bhumika , Rana Pawan S.
Published: June 2022

From band theory of solids, it is well known that electrical conductivity and optical transparency are mutually exclusive properties. However, due to advancement in science and technology, controlled doping has allowed to merge these properties in few materials such as thin films, bulk oxides, conducting polymers and carbon-based materials and are collectively known as transparent conducting oxides (TCO) and transparent conducting films (TCF). Recently, this extraordinary property is also found in doped nano-perovskites and hence can further meets the diversified demand in the field of photovoltaics, LCDs, FETs, diodes, supercapacitors and many more. For such applications, doped perovskite TCOs have becomes highly important and cost effective for the future global markets. This paper will summarize the status and progress of various TCOs which are particularly perovskite in structure. Future direction and challenges of doped Perovskites in the techno-era are also discussed. Several examples of TCO-Perovskites are presented with a discussion of their ferroic, magnetic, electrical and optical properties. On addition, the concerns related to thermal and chemical stability of TCO-Doped Perovskites are vividly reviewed.
To study 124-130Barium transitional nuclei with cubic terms from Casimir invariant operators and IBM-1
Authors: Mehta Rekha , Kumar Ramesh
Published: June 2022

124-130 Barium transitional nuclei were investigated while Interacting Boson Model for several characteristics of nuclear structure. Still, triaxiality is a mystery. We analyze this concept with the formation of cubic terms by Casimir invariant operators and addition of these terms by breaking O(6) symmetry of IBM Hamiltonian. The energy levels for 124-130Barium nuclei have been calculated and compared with experimental data. After analyzing, we find 124-130Barium isotopes show no signature of triaxiality.
Mathematical Modeling on Yellow Fever with Effect of Awareness Through Media
Authors: Kalra Preety , Ratti Indu
Published: June 2022

A non linear mathematical model for yellow fever is formulated and analyzed to assess the impact of awareness programmes in the disease transmission. Awareness in humans/host about yellow fever (YF) can help slow down the dynamics of the disease. These programmes may induce changes in behavior of people helping them make a new class named aware class. Control measures are being included in the vector system to inhibit their growth. Stability conditions for disease free equilibrium are calculated. Basic reproduction number is calculated to see the disease dynamics. Through model analysis, it was revealed that these awareness programmes have high impact on the spread of disease. The control on vector population also help disease invasion difficult. Numerical simulation is done to illustrate the effect of above control measures.
Synthesis and Characterization of Praseodymium substituted Y-type hexaferrites
Authors: Chugh Mallika , Sharma Shaweta , Basandrai Deepak
Published: June 2022

Y-type Hexagonal ferrites have acquired much more attention due to their multiferroic qualities. The Standard formula for Y-type Hexagonal ferrites is given as (A2Me2Fe12O22) where A= Sr2+, Ba2+, Pb2+, La2+ and Me = Bivalent metal In Y-type hexagonal structure, two tetrahedral sites and four octahedral sites are inhabited with small cations. Multiferroic properties of Y-type hexaferrites can be affected by different factors such as synthesis methods, amount of substitution, sintering temperature and chemical composition. For the present study Praseodymium substituted strontium-based Y-type hexaferrites with chemical composition Sr2Ni2-xPrxFe12O22(where x=0.0 and 0.1) has been synthesized using sol-gel method and characterized byX-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Impedance Analyzer. The structural analysis through XRD and FTIR verified the phase formation of Y-type ferrites having hexagonal structure. The XRD data reveals the increase in the volume, and decrease in particle size with praseodymium substitution. In FTIR, resulting peaks observed in two samples lie between 400-600 cm-1 which indicates the vibrational stretching in Fe-O bond.
Enhancement in hydrogenation properties of ball-milled AB5-type hydrogen storage alloy through catalyst
Authors: Panwar K , Srivastava S
Published: June 2022

Ball-milling of the hydrogen storage alloy has been shown to improve many hydrogenation properties under specific ball-milling parameters. The present investigation is based on further improvement in the hydrogenation properties through the addition of a catalyst. Catalysts are known to increase the rate of reaction. In the present investigation, rigorous studies have been performed on the various factors affecting the hydrogenation reaction through the addition of catalyst during ball-milling. The basic idea of the mechanism of catalyst is the availability of the free valencies behaving like active centres for promoting the reaction rate. Free valencies are more crowded at corners, peaks and cracks on the catalyst. The rough surface of the catalyst and finely dispersed catalyst are more effective in promoting the reaction rate. In the present investigation, various factors like spillover effect; defects introduced to the catalyst and hydrogen storage alloy during ball-milling; elasticity of metal hydride matrix; nature, size, hardness, number of unpaired electrons and variable valency of catalyst; the electronegative difference between catalyst and metal hydride; electron distribution and orbital structure; the ability of the catalyst to transfer stable diatomic hydrogen into the desired ionic configuration; binding between H atoms and catalyst and lowering of activation energy due to catalyst have been discussed in terms of their effect on hydrogenation properties. It has been found that all these factors help in lowering the activation energy for the hydrogenation process and improve the hydrogenation properties.
A theoretical insight to understand the structures and dynamics of thiazole derivatives
Authors: Assad Humira , Ganjoo Richika , Sharma Shveta
Published: June 2022

Quantum chemical analysis of some Thiazole derivatives, namely (2-Chlorobenzothiazole; 5-acetyl-2,4dimethylthiazole; 2-Chlorobenzothiazole; Phthalylsulfathaizole; 2,4,5 Trimethyl thiazole) was performed by using Gaussian 9 software with semi-empirical calculation method such as density functional theory (DFT) and the basis sets used were the DFT/B3LYP methods using 6-311G (d, p). Various quantum chemical parameters such as electronic density, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels, and the energy difference between highest and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (ELUMO-EHOMO), etc. were calculated. High EHOMO values suggests that the molecule can contribute the electrons towards bond formation; however, the lower values of ELUMO indicate that the molecule can easily accept the electrons. Besides that, the low value of the energy bandgap (ΔE) confirms the excellent inhibition efficiencies of the derivatives. Furthermore, by using these frontier orbital energies, different parameters like ionization energy, electron affinity, global hardness, electronegativity were also calculated. In this article, a theoretical study was performed only to determine the correlation between various parameters related to the electronic structure of Thiazole derivatives and their competence to mitigate the corrosion process.
Bipolar Intuitionistic Fuzzy Competition Graphs
Authors: Deva N , Felix A.
Published: June 2022

The present study aims to introduce a bipolar intuitionistic fuzzy competition graph which is the generalization of competition graphs. In a bipolar intuitionistic fuzzy digraph, the targets are valuable as it depends on the competition power of the competitors. Also, the number of competitors may vary sometimes. Based on these clues, this study presents two generalizations of bipolar intuitionistic fuzzy competition graphs namely bipolar intuitionistic fuzzy k-competition graph and bipolar intuitionistic fuzzy p-competition graph. The concept of the directed bipolar intuitionistic fuzzy graph is coined in this study. Moreover, some results on the bipolar intuitionistic fuzzy graph are derived.
Heat transfer between skin and core with the help of mathematical modelling
Authors: Kaur Harpreet
Published: June 2022

The recently developed field of Bio designing is a cross preparation of the designing and organic sciences. The significant regions covered under the discipline of bio-designing are Applied science, Bio medical designing and Biomechanics. This paper is about the study of heat transfer between skin and core with the help of biomechanics modelling. Skin is the biggest organ and it covers and secures the complete body from mechanical injuries bacterial infections etc. The skin is especially accountable for temperature control and heat reconciliation in a human body. The work of Keller and Seller, who has developed a very simple model for heat transfer between an isothermal core and ambient atmosphere is consider in this paper. One dimensional steady state condition to take care of the issue of heat move among skin and core is also discussed. Finally, radiation impacts, convection of blood flow and tissue metabolism at a body is described. Lastly, outcomes of different flow conditions with some reasonable information is mentioned graphically.
Electron acceleration in an inverse free electron laser with a tapered wiggler field
Authors: Singh Jagnishan , Rajput Jyoti , Kant Niti , Kumar Sandeep
Published: June 2022

Numerical study of inverse free-electron laser acceleration (IFELA) in the presence of a tightly focused laser beam is investigated in vacuum. In this article, we investigate the dynamics of an electron in the inverse free-electron laser (IFEL) with a planer wiggler field geometry. The numerical study on particle acceleration is carried out for tightly focused laser parameters as well as the tapering along the wiggler field. It is observed that the effect of tapering point along the undulator is crucial to maintain the IFEL resonance condition and to maximize the energy gain. The role of normalized laser field and of tapering point of planar wiggler magnetic field is examined on the electron acceleration. The role of pre-energy modulation of real electron-bunch and its acceleration will be planned in our next simulation work.
Numerical solution to the Gray-Scott Reaction-Diffusion equation using Hyperbolic B-spline
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Joshi Varun
Published: June 2022

In the present paper, the one-dimensional Gray-Scott Reaction-diffusion equation is solved numerically with the usage of Hyperbolic B-spline along with the differential quadrature method. The hyperbolic B-spline is used to discretize the partial derivatives, by which the ordinary differential equations will be obtained which further are solved with the SSP-RK43 scheme. The efficiency and accuracy of the method are to be checked by usingL∞andL2errors. The obtained numerical results are shown with help of 2D and 3D figures. As a deduction, it is concluded that the method is an efficient and effective technique for elucidating the Gray-Scott Reaction-diffusion equation and likewise for the variety of partial differential equations.
Synthesis and Characterization of Dipyrrin Based fac-Re(CO)3 Containing Complexes
Authors: Sakshi  , Mandal M. , Meenakshi  , Kaur Sukhjivan , Nagarajaprakash R.
Published: June 2022

A single pot reaction of rhenium decacarbonyl, dipyrrinato ligand (5-(4-methylbenzoate)-dipyrromethene, L1H) and an ancillary ligand (either triphenyl phosphine or pyridine) in mesitylene medium has yielded visible light absorbing complexes 1 and 2 having a general formula [L1Re(CO)3L2] (L1 = dipyrrinato ligand; L2 = PPh3 = 1; L2 = pyridyl = 2). The complexes were characterized using IR UV-Vis, NMR and HRMS techniques. Binding of fac-Re(CO)3 to L1H has significantly red-shifted the charge transfer band at 436 nm to 488-491 nm in the complexes 1 and 2. Compound 1 is previously reported, although here we report a single step process that is different from the two-step process known in the literature.
Effect of TiO2as Filler in NaCl: Possible Applications in Ionic Storage Systems
Authors: Kour Simrandeep , Mukherjee Rupam
Published: June 2022

High dielectric capacitors are increasingly used for energy storage in sustainable nanotechnologies. Here, we observed large enhancement of dielectric constant by 3 order at frequency 1kHz with moderate loss when TiO2is added as a filler in NaCl bulk matrix. The TiO2nanoparticles are synthesized via sol gel process and is subsequently added in varying weight percentage x in the ionic matrix of NaCl, which is represented as TiO2(x)NaCl. The parameters like dielectric constant, dissipation Loss and ac conductivity are measured with varying fraction of TiO2in frequency range less than 25 KHz. The steady increase of dielectric constant with increasing filler content at low frequency indicates percolation type behavior which accounts for the first dielectric peak at x= 50. The dielectric loss is found to be around 1 for x< 45 whereas it tends to increases with higher filler fraction. Moreover, the frequency dependent polarization in this composite system also accounts for hopping type behavior of mobile charge carriers contributed by TiO2as confirmed from ac conductivity measurement. Further, the samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction and Field emission scanning electron microscopy in order to study the structure and morphology of the samples. Overall, TiO2incorporation strongly improves the dielectric behavior of the ionic matrix at low frequency, making it suitable for super dielectric material (SDM).
Compressive Strength Enhancement of Pervious Concrete Using Polymer Fiber
Authors: Garg Anshul
Published: June 2022

Pervious concrete is a unique kind of concrete having a high porosity, utilized for concrete flatwork application that permits water from perception and different sources to go legitimately through. This research study deals the improvement for strength quality and other necessary properties of pervious concrete in order to implement the same in high traffic roads. 0.15%, 0.20% and 0.25% polypropylene fibers were used to determine separate compressive strength qualities. The observed experimental test results indicated that there is direct variation between the compressive strength and percentages of polypropylene fiber. The present study concluded that an additional 35% increase in the compressive strength was observed in pavement as compared to plain pervious concrete.
Comparison of Linear and Quadratic Chirp in Beat Wave Acceleration in Vacuum
Authors: Middha Kavish , Thakur Vishal , Kant Niti , Rajput Jyoti
Published: June 2022

Electron acceleration due to beating of two slightly different frequency LP (Linearly polarised) laser pulses with finite spot size in a vacuum has been studied. In this scheme, two lasers are incident at a point with some angle, due to beating of LP lasers constructive interference occurs. The resultant electric and magnetic field of this constructive interference helps in acceleration of pre-accelerated electron which is injected and trapped by the field. In this paper, we have seen the effect of linear and quadratic chirp on laser beat wave acceleration in vacuum and a comparison between the two is made for effective energy gain.
Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4@SiO2@K10 NPs applicable for N-ter-butyloxycarbonylation using solvent-free conditions
Authors: Patil S M , Tandon R , Tandon N
Published: June 2022

The present article gives the synthesis, characterization, and applications of K10 supported silica-coated ferrite nanoparticles. The analysis was done using XRD, FT-IR, EDX FE-SEM techniques. Then N-Boc protected amine derivatives were catalyzed by using K10 supported silica-coated ferrite nanoparticles. In the presence of di-ter-butyl carbonate aromatic amines, K10-supported silica-coated nanoparticles were shown to be a reusable nanocatalyst for N-ter-butyloxycarbonylation of amine derivatives, and 2 mol percent nanoparticles were sufficient for the reaction conversion. The prepared nanocatalyst has several benefits, besides a solvent-free reaction, high yield, eco-friendly catalyst, lower cost, and the ability to be recovered from the reaction and reused without reducing catalytic properties.
Multiplicative Coupled Fibonacci Sequence of Fifth Order
Authors: Ranga Vikas , Verma Vipin
Published: June 2022

From the last few years, there has consequential diversion in progress of Coupled Fibonacci Sequence, additive Coupled Fibonacci Sequence are modished but Multiplicative Coupled Fibonacci Sequence of Recurrence Relation are less are not much improved. K. T. Atanassov transplanted the notion of Coupled Fibonacci Sequence in 1985. He contemplates Multiplicative Coupled Fibonacci Sequence of second order in 1995.

In the Fibonacci sequence, this paper defined and a craving to outstretch the results of Multiplicative Coupled Fibonacci sequence.

A lot of work has been terminated on Multiplicative Coupled Fibonacci Sequence of second, third and fourth order. We offer some identities of Multiplicative Coupled Fibonacci Sequence of fifth order under one specific scheme.
A review of the use of nanoparticles on performance of solar stills
Authors: Fale Samish M , Dogra Sudhanshu
Published: June 2022

The necessity of fresh water is growing day by day as the population and industrialization is increasing. As earth contains 71% of salinity water we have to convert that salinity water into fresh drinkable water. The device which converts salty water into drinkable water by using green source of energy that device is known as solar still. But due to its lesser efficiency it cannot be used in industrial purposes. To increase its productivity and efficiency many researcher has done improvement in various stills. Some researchers has used the nanoparticles due to their favourable thermo physical properties and optical characteristics. Nano particles and solid particles having the diameter in the range of 1 - 100 nm, are used from last two decades, and certainly a new approach among others. The ability of attaining the required thermo physical properties of nanoparticles, by the variation in the particle size, shape and concentration, rewarded them as one of focused area of research in the solar still. This paper contains the exhaustive review of literature on the utilization of nanoparticles in active and passive desalination system to investigate the best suitable nanoparticles for solar still. From review it was found that the efficiency and daily productivity of the still was increased by using nanoparticles in it.
Rice straw biochar for removal of phenol from water
Authors: Mankomal  , Kaur Harpreet
Published: June 2022

Phenols are considered as persistent organic pollutants. These are highly dangerous for human beings due to their toxic and mutagenic outcomes. Adsorption is considered as one of the most profitable method for removal of pollutants from aqueous medium. Adsorptive behavior of phenol from aqueous medium using rice straw biochar was examined. The rice straw biochar was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and Fourier transform Infra-red Spectroscopy. The effect of different process parameters, namely initial phenol concentration and contact time were examined. The micro porous structure on rice straw supported the absorption. About 70% of phenol was removed 60 minutes.
A Mathematical Study on Rising Pressures of Carbon Emissions and Acidity in Aquatic Bodies
Authors: Tangri Shreya
Published: June 2022

Contamination of water bodies is one of the alarming concerns of today’s times calling for immediate attention and action. Accelerated industrialization and other human-driven activities have given way to abrupt spike in the carbon emissions. These carbon emissions are absorbed by the water bodies. As a resultant of this absorption, the carbon reacts with oxygen present in water, forming carbonic acid and causes the pH level of water to decrease, thus, causing water acidification. The acidity of water also increases due to discharge of wastes and pollutants into aquatic bodies. Also, the carbon induced global warming leads to an increase in the temperature of water which further leads to a decline in level of dissolved oxygen in aquatic bodies. Besides, these phenomena cause a rise in the growth of algal bloom, which depletes the dissolved oxygen concentration in water due to consumption of dissolved oxygen in algal decomposition process. To investigate these impacts of increasing acidity and rising carbon emissions on the aquatic populations, a non-linear mathematical model is proposed and analysed. Numerical simulations using MATLAB are performed in order to support the analytical results.
Comparative analysis of physico-chemical properties of NiCo2O4 and corresponding individual metal oxides
Authors: Goel A , Garg A , Prasher S , Kumar R , Kumar M
Published: June 2022

Nano/micro-sized spinel mixed metal oxides with stoichiometry MxN3-xO4 have received great attention in the past decade because of their broad application prospects in energy storage devices. Among the various spinel mixed metal oxides, nickel cobaltite (NiCo2O4) is significantly researched due to its outstanding advantages including large specific surface area, high permeability, short electron and ion diffusion pathways, ease of synthesis and many more. Keeping these characteristics in mind, NiCo2O4 has been synthesized via a facile, quick and low-cost combustion method. Structural and morphological properties of as-synthesized NiCo2O4 were compared with the corresponding individual metal oxides viz. NiO and Co3O4 synthesized through the same method. Nano/micro-sized NiCo2O4, NiO and Co3O4 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. XRD confirmed face-centered cubic phase for the NiCo2O4 in which Ni occupies octahedral sites while Co is distributed in both octahedral and tetrahedral sites. FESEM revealed the cubic nanostructures of the oxides. The compositional ratio of 1:2 for Ni and Co was calculated from the EDS analysis for the NiCo2O4. A high degree of purity was also ascertained for NiCo2O4, NiO and Co3O4 by EDS analysis. Finger-print region (500-600 cm-1) FTIR peaks for all the synthesized materials confirmed the formation of the metal-oxygen (M-O) bonds.
Properties, applications, and synthesis of first transition series substituted cobalt ferrite: a mini review
Authors: Kalia S , Kumar A , Sharma S , Prasad N
Published: June 2022

Spinel, orthoferrite, garnet, and hexagonal are the various forms of ferrites. They exhibit different properties due to their different molecular structures. Cobalt ferrite (CF) is a spinel ferrite. They show magnetic, dielectric, optical, catalytical, and antibacterial properties. The CF nanoparticles (NPs) are extensively used in various field e.g., electronics and telecommunication, environmental sciences, biomedical applications, and catalysis, to name but a few. These materials can be doped to modify their properties so that they can be used for desired applications. Several methods have been developed for the doping of these materials e.g., sol-gel, co-precipitation, hydrothermal heating, microwave hydrothermal heating, auto-combustion, ball milling, and microemulsion. Sol-gel method is widely used for this purpose as this does not require complex laboratory infrastructure and hence cost effective. Particles of narrow size distribution can also be synthesised under ambient or at lower temperatures. Here, the doping of CF-NPs with first transition series has been reviewed. The comparable ionic sizes of cobalt and iron, and ions of first transition series, help the process of doping. Doping of CF-NPs with first transition series changes their properties in several ways e.g., the size of crystals and Curie temperature can be altered by doping with scandium, titanium, and chromium. Values of coercivity and saturation magnetization can also be modified by doping this material with zinc, nickel, and copper. Anisotropy also changes when CF-NPs are doped with the above said elements. CF-NPs with altered properties have significant applications e.g., zinc-doped can be used for stress sensor applications.
An efficient numerical approach to simulate NPZ and SIR biological models with diffusion
Authors: Goel Rohit , Mittal R.C. , Ahlawat N.
Published: June 2022

The two mathematical models of Nitrogen, Phytoplankton and Zooplankton (NPZ) and whooping cough SIR model that concerns with the susceptible, infected and recovered cases of the population are considered in this paper. To incorporate with the unidimensional movements of the three species in each of the NPZ and SIR models, the models are considered with diffusion terms. A numerical scheme based on the collocation of cubic B-splines is proposed to estimate the solutions of the considered NPZ and SIR models. The numerical results obtained are compared and found in good agreement with those already available in the literature. Due to unavailability of the analytic solutions of these models, such a numerical scheme can be of prime interest for biologists to interpret the results theoretically.
Effect of CT number to relative electron density curves acquired at different tube voltage and current on radiotherapy dose calculation
Authors: Chand Bhagat , Priyamvda  , Kumar Muninder , Prasher Sangeeta , Kumar Mukesh
Published: June 2022

Computed tomography (CT) images contain information of relative electron density (RED) of tissues in terms of CT numbers and hence are utilized for tissue inhomogeneity corrections in radiotherapy dose calculations. The present study has determined the effect of tube voltage and current on CT number to RED calibration (CT sensitometry) curves. Catphan phantom containing materials of REDs from 0.001 to 1.868 has been scanned at tube voltage from 80 kV to 140 kV and tube current from 100 to 475 mA. CT numbers of all the materials except Teflon has been found to increase with tube voltage. Variations up to 80 HU has been observed with voltage. Variations with tube current were random. CT numbers changed by higher values at low voltage than at higher voltages. The radiation dose varied by less than 1 % for different curves used for dose calculation in 3DCRT, VMAT and SRT treatment plans of different anatomical sites. Dose differences decreased with increasing plan complexity. Changes in dose distributions near air cavities and bones have been observed. Variations of CT sensitometry has been found to be statistically significant, however, its dosimetric impact was statistically and clinically insignificant.
Aprotic and protic solvent for extraction of chlorophyll from various plants: Chemical characteristic and analysis
Authors: Chand Bhagat , Kumar Muninder , Prasher Sangeeta , Sharma Ajit , Kumar Mukesh
Published: June 2022

The extraction efficiencies of acetone (80%), ethanol, DMSO, and DMF for chlorophyll extraction from mango, pine, spinach, and hibiscus have been compared. Acetone (80%) has yielded highest amount of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) from pine and ethanol has yielded highest amount of chlorophyll-b (chl-b) from mango leaves. The chl-a/b ratio ranges between 2.481 - 3.794, showing insignificant effect of solvent polarity. The UV - Vis absorption spectra has shown changes with solvent polarity with the polar protic solvent having a broad peak around 664 nm. There has been an insignificant effect of the solvent polarity on extraction of chlorophylls from the selected plants. The ANOVA results have shown a statistically significant difference in chlorophyll extraction efficiencies of different solvents. The absorbance values in the spectral region between 500 - 550 nm has been found to be less than 10 % of the absorbance at 664 nm, indicating tracer amounts of pheophytins and chlorophyll by-products in the solution.
Synthesis and characterization of copper complexes of phenylpiperazine ring-based ligands and evaluation of their antimicrobial, BSA binding, computational, and molecular docking studies
Authors: Kant Rishi , Saini Ritika , Kaur Manpreet , Karnwal Arun , Rather Hilal Ahmad , Maji Suman
Published: June 2022

This paper describes the synthesise of copper complexes of phenylpiperazine ring-based ligands and characterization via physical and spectroscopic methods. Structure of complexes has been proposed on the basis of UV-vis, IR and Mass fragmentation pattern and additionally supported by electrochemical and thermogravimetric analysis. Low molar conductance value of metal complexes in water and DMSO suggest non-ionic nature of complexes which is in agreement of proposed structure. TGA curve, where loss of coordinated solvent molecules starts early followed by loss of ligand itself also support the proposed structures. Percentage ash content analysis also indicate that only one copper metal is binding to the ligands reported here. Antibacterial activity of metal complexes has been performed by agar well diffusion method and indicated these metal complexes possess higher activity than the corresponding ligands. Binding interaction of these complexes were studied with BSA protein by UV-vis spectroscopic methods and binding constant was calculated which indicated that the complexes are having moderate affinity. Some complexes were also geometrically optimized to lowest energy ground state by using DFT calculations. Docking study of these optimized structures with BSA protein revealed these metal complexes exhibit hydrophobic interaction owing to the aromatic bulk in the ligand.
Electronic and Band Structure calculation of Wurtzite CdS Using GGA and GGA+U functionals
Authors: Biswas Ankan , Meher S.R. , Kaushik Deepak K.
Published: June 2022

The wurtzite (wz) structure of CdS is analysed using density functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and Hubbard correction (GGA+U). The total energy convergence evaluation is carried out concerning energy cut-off (ecutwfc) and k-point sampling. The geometry optimization of wz-CdS is calculated using the total energy and force minimization process, which is based on the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) optimization algorithm. Bulk modulus and lattice parameters are estimated to ensure accuracy of the calculations. The electronic band structure, density of states (DOS), and projected density of states (PDOS) of wz-CdS are analysed. The band structure calculation shows CdS as direct band gap semiconductor. The electronic correlation in CdS is altered by varying U-parameters of valence orbitals of Cd and S. The alteration of electronic correlation results in convergence of the band gap to the experimental value 2.4 eV. The alteration of U-parameter affects substantially the density of states near the band edges.
Impact of Bowel Urgency on Quality of Life and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Dubinsky Marla C , Panaccione Remo , Lewis James D , Sands Bruce E , Hibi Toshifumi , Lee Scott D , Naegeli April N , Shan Mingyang , Green Linden A , Morris Nathan , Arora Vipin , Bleakman Alison Potts , Belin Ruth , Travis Simon
Published: June 2022

Background

Bowel urgency is commonly experienced by patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and is associated with reduced health-related quality of life (QoL). Mirikizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the p19 subunit of IL-23, significantly reduced bowel urgency in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 2 clinical trial in patients with moderate-to-severe UC (NCT02589665).

Methods

All patients (N = 249) reported symptoms including absence or presence of bowel urgency. Absence of urgency was defined as no urgency for the 3 consecutive days prior to each scheduled visit. Missing urgency data were imputed as present. After 12 weeks of induction treatment, patients who achieved clinical response continued maintenance mirikizumab treatment through Week 52. We assessed the relationship of urgency with QoL, clinical outcomes, and inflammatory biomarkers at Weeks 12 and 52.

Results

Patients with absence of urgency demonstrated significantly greater improvement in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) scores even after adjusting for rectal bleeding (RB) and stool frequency (SF), significantly higher rates of all clinical outcomes at Weeks 12 and 52, and a greater decrease in inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin compared to those with presence of urgency. Absence of urgency at Week 12 was associated with improved IBDQ scores at Week 52, while Week 12 RB or SF status was not.

Conclusions

Absence of urgency is strongly associated with improvement in QoL as well as clinical measures of UC disease activity. These findings suggest urgency may be a useful surrogate marker of disease activity and an important treatment target for UC.
Ischaemic electrocardiogram patterns and its association with survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients without ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a COACT trials’ post-hoc subgroup analysis
Authors: Spoormans Eva M , Lemkes Jorrit S , Janssens Gladys N , Soultana Ouissal , van der Hoeven Nina W , Jewbali Lucia S D , Dubois Eric A , Meuwissen Martijn , Rijpstra Tom A , Bosker Hans A , Blans Michiel J , Bleeker Gabe B , Baak Remon , Vlachojannis Georgios J , Eikemans Bob J W , van der Harst Pim , van der Horst Iwan C C , Voskuil Michiel , van der Heijden Joris J , Beishuizen Albertus , Stoel Martin , Camaro Cyril , van der Hoeven Hans , Henriques José P , Vlaar Alexander P J , Vink Maarten A , van den Bogaard Bas , Heestermans Ton A C M , de Ruijter Wouter , Delnoij Thijs S R , Crijns Harry J G M , Oemrawsingh Pranobe V , Gosselink Marcel T M , Plomp Koos , Magro Michael , Elbers Paul W G , van de Ven Peter M , van Royen Niels
Published: June 2022

Aims

ST-depression and T-wave inversion are frequently present on the post-resuscitation electrocardiogram (ECG). However, the prognostic value of ischaemic ECG patterns is unknown.

Methods and results

In this post-hoc subgroup analysis of the Coronary Angiography after Cardiac arrest (COACT) trial, the first in-hospital post-resuscitation ECG in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with a shockable rhythm was analysed for ischaemic ECG patterns. Ischaemia was defined as ST-depression of ≥0.1 mV, T-wave inversion in ≥2 contiguous leads, or both. The primary endpoint was 90-day survival. Secondary endpoints were rate of acute unstable lesions, levels of serum troponin-T, and left ventricular function. Of the 510 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients, 340 (66.7%) patients had ischaemic ECG patterns. Patients with ischaemic ECG patterns had a worse 90-day survival compared with those without [hazard ratio 1.51; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–2.12; P = 0.02]. A higher sum of ST-depression was associated with lower survival (log-rank = 0.01). The rate of acute unstable lesions (14.5 vs. 15.8%; odds ratio 0.90; 95% CI 0.51–1.59) did not differ between the groups. In patients with ischaemic ECG patterns, maximum levels of serum troponin-T (μg/L) were higher [0.595 (interquartile range 0.243–1.430) vs. 0.359 (0.159–0.845); ratio of geometric means 1.58; 1.13–2.20] and left ventricular function (%) was worse (44.7 ± 12.5 vs. 49.9 ± 13.3; mean difference −5.13; 95% CI −8.84 to −1.42). Adjusted for age and time to return of spontaneous circulation, ischaemic ECG patterns were no longer associated with survival.

Conclusion

Post-arrest ischaemic ECG patterns were associated with worse 90-day survival. A higher sum of ST-depression was associated with lower survival. Adjusted for age and time to return of spontaneous circulation, ischaemic ECG patterns were no longer associated with survival.
Antithrombotic drug removal from whole blood using Haemoadsorption with a porous polymer bead sorbent
Authors: Tripathi Ritu , Morales Jesus , Lee Victoria , Gibson C Michael , Mack Michael J , Schneider David J , Douketis James , Sellke Frank W , Ohman Magnus E , Thourani Vinod H , Storey Robert F , Deliargyris Efthymios N
Published: June 2022

Aim

To evaluate the ability of the DrugSorb™-AntiThrombotic Removal (ATR) haemoadsorption device utilizing porous polymer bead sorbent technology to remove three commonly used antithrombotic drugs from whole blood.

Methods and results

We evaluated the removal of apixaban, rivaroxaban, and ticagrelor by the DrugSorb-ATR haemoadsorption device in a benchtop clinical scale model using bovine whole blood. Blood spiked at clinically relevant concentrations of an antithrombotic agent was continuously circulated through a 300-mL DrugSorb-ATR haemoadsorption device at a flow rate of 300 mL/min. Drug concentration was monitored over 6 h to evaluate drug removal. Results were compared with a control circuit without the haemoadsorption device. Removal rates at 30, 60, 120, and 360 minutes were: apixaban: 81.5%, 96.3%, 99.3% >99.8%; rivaroxaban: 80.7%, 95.1%, 98.9%, >99.5%; ticagrelor: 62.5%; 75%, 86.6%, >95% (all P <0.0001 vs. control). Blood pH and haematological parameters were not significantly affected by the DrugSorb-ATR haemoadsorption device when compared with the control circuit.

Conclusion

DrugSorb-ATR efficiently removes apixaban, rivaroxaban, and ticagrelor in a clinical-scale benchtop recirculation circuit with the bulk of removal occurring in the first 60 minutes. The clinical implications of these findings are currently investigated in patients undergoing on-pump cardiothoracic surgery in two US pivotal trials (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT04976530 and NCT05093504).
Clinically Interpretable Machine Learning Models for Early Prediction of Mortality in Older Patients with Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome: An International Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , DuMontier Clark , Hu Pan , Liu Chao , Yeung Wesley , Mao Zhi , Ho Vanda , Thoral Patrick J , Kuo Po-Chih , Hu Jie , Li Deyu , Cao Desen , Mark Roger G , Zhou FeiHu , Zhang Zhengbo , Celi Leo Anthony
Published: June 2022

Background

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is associated with a high risk of mortality among older patients. Current severity scores are limited in their ability to assist clinicians with triage and management decisions. We aim to develop mortality prediction models for older patients with MODS admitted to the ICU.

Methods

The study analyzed older patients from 197 hospitals in the United States and 1 hospital in the Netherlands. The cohort was divided into the young-old (65–80 years) and old-old (≥80 years), which were separately used to develop and evaluate models including internal, external, and temporal validation. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, vital signs, laboratory measurements, and treatments were used as predictors. We used the XGBoost algorithm to train models, and the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method to interpret predictions.

Results

Thirty-four thousand four hundred and ninety-seven young-old (11.3% mortality) and 21 330 old-old (15.7% mortality) patients were analyzed. Discrimination AUROC of internal validation models in 9 046 U.S. patients was as follows: 0.87 and 0.82, respectively; discrimination of external validation models in 1 905 EUR patients was as follows: 0.86 and 0.85, respectively; and discrimination of temporal validation models in 8 690 U.S. patients: 0.85 and 0.78, respectively. These models outperformed standard clinical scores like Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and Acute Physiology Score III. The Glasgow Coma Scale, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and Code Status emerged as top predictors of mortality.

Conclusions

Our models integrate data spanning physiologic and geriatric-relevant variables that outperform existing scores used in older adults with MODS, which represents a proof of concept of how machine learning can streamline data analysis for busy ICU clinicians to potentially optimize prognostication and decision making.