bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Driving Blockchain Adoption in Small and Medium Enterprise Sector: Introducing the Concept of “Transformation Conditions”
Authors: WONG Helen Shun-mun , SUM Carmen Ka-man , CHAN Hau-ling
Published: March 2024

Blockchain technology (BCT) has the potential for sustainable development, enhancing business efficiency, reducing costs, and strengthening data security. Despite its potential, adoption among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is low due to the need for significant changes in technology infrastructure and the challenge of interoperability. A cross-sectional survey was done with 226 Hong Kong SMEs. The PLS-SEM results highlighted favorable transformation conditions as the most critical factor for SMEs considering the adoption of BCT. These conditions address both internal and external readiness for adopting the disruptive strategy. Other contributing factors to BCT adoption include trust in BCT developers, perceived usefulness and ease of use, government support, and perceived security. The research results contributed to the literature on disruptive technology acceptance, adoption, transformation conditions, technology readiness, and SMEs’ technology adoption. Government-supported policies and initiatives can promote BCT adoption, including educational programs, case studies, and resources for readiness. Financial support and regulatory frameworks can further encourage adoption. BCT developers can demonstrate the value of their systems, effectively communicate potential ROI and cost savings, and provide user-friendly interfaces to increase SMEs’ intention to adopt BCT.
Development of Chitosan-Based Films Incorporated with Chestnut Flower Essential Oil Possessed Good Anti-ultraviolet Radiation and Antibacterial Effects for Banana Storage
Authors: Liu Yanfei , Zhanag Jingyuan , Peng Fei , Niu Kui , Hou Wenlong , Du Bin , Yang Yuedong
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical characterization and biological activities of chitosan (CH) based composite films with the incorporation of chestnut flower essential oil (CFEO). The composite films were prepared by casting method and characterized in terms of structural, morphological and mechanical properties via FT-IR, XRD, UV, SEM and TGA. The results proved the significantly increased water vapor permeability (WVP), heat resistance, antibacterial and antioxidant capabilities of CH-CFEO films. The incorporation of CH and CFEO enhanced the UV blocking, which made the film shield almost all UV light. Films with the tensile strength of 6.37 ± 0.41 MPa and elongation at break of 22.57 ± 0.35% were got with 6 mg mL-1 CFEO. Subsequently, the fruit preservation experiments also confirmed that the composite films could effectively extend the shelf life of bananas through their excellent water vapor and oxygen barrier. These desirable performances enable our newly developed composite films to be a remarkable packaging material to solve the fresh fruit preservation dilemma.
Towards A Distributed Digital Twin Framework for Predictive Maintenance in Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Abdullahi Ibrahim , Longo Stefano , Samie Mohammad
Published: March 2024

This study uses a wind turbine case study to showcase an architecture for implementing a distributed digital twin in which all important aspects of a predictive maintenance solution in a DT use a fog computing paradigm, and the typical predictive maintenance DT is improved to offer better asset utilization and management through real time condition monitoring, predictive analytics, and health management of selected components of Wind turbines in a wind farm.. Digital twin (DT) is a technology that sits at the intersection of Internet of Things, Cloud Computing and Software Engineering to provide a suitable tool for replicating physical objects in the digital space. This can facilitate the implementation of asset management in manufacturing systems through predictive maintenance solutions leveraged by Machine Learning (ML). With DTs, a solution architecture can easily use data and software to implement asset management solutions such as Condition Monitoring and Predictive Maintenance using acquired sensor data from physical objects and computing capabilities in the digital space. While DT offers a good solution, it is an emerging technology that could be improved with better standards, architectural framework, and implementation methodologies. Researchers in both academia and industry have showcased DT implementations with different levels of success. However, DTs remain limited in standards and architectures that offer efficient predictive maintenance solutions with real time sensor data, and intelligent DT capabilities. An appropriate feedback mechanism is also needed to improve asset management operations.
Procedural Sedation in Emergency Department: A Narrative Review
Authors: Cappellini Iacopo , Bavestrello Piccini Gaia , Campagnola Lorenzo , Bochicchio Cristina , Carente Rebecca , Lai Franco , Magazzini Simone , Consales Guglielmo
Published: March 2024

Procedural Sedation and Analgesia (PSA) in the Emergency Department (ED) presents a crucial aspect of emergency medicine, enabling the execution of painful or distressing procedures with minimal patient discomfort. This narrative review delineates the pharmacological framework, methodologies, and clinical considerations integral to optimizing PSA, with a particular focus on pediatric and geriatric populations. Through a comprehensive review and analysis of current practices, this work evaluates the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of widely utilized sedatives and analgesics, including propofol, ketamine, dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, midazolam, etomidate, nitrous oxide, and remimazolam. Special attention is dedicated to the selection criteria based on patient-specific risk factors, procedural requirements, and the management of potential adverse effects. The manuscript also explores innovative sedation techniques and the integration of new pharmacological agents, emphasizing evidence-based approaches to enhance patient safety and outcome. Results underscore the significance of tailored sedation strategies, especially for vulnerable groups such as pediatric and geriatric patients, highlighting the need for meticulous pre-procedural assessment and monitoring to mitigate risks. Conclusions drawn advocate for a nuanced application of PSA, guided by current evidence and clinical guidelines, to improve the quality of care in emergency settings. This research reinforces the imperative for ongoing education, skill development, and adaptation of new evidence into clinical practice to advance procedural sedation and analgesia in the ED.
A Mannose-Modified Lipid Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticle Vaccine Increased the Anti-Tumor Immune Response by Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Wu Liusheng , Qian Xinye , Hu Wang , Wang Shuang , Yan Jun
Published: March 2024

With the rapid development of tumor immunotherapy, nanoparticle vaccines have attracted much attention as a potential therapeutic strategy. The potential role of the mannose-modified lipid calcium phosphate nanoparticle vaccine in enhancing the anti-tumor immune response was investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mannose modification on the immune response of nanoparticles in regulating the tumor microenvironment through systematic review and analysis and to explore its potential clinical application in tumor therapy. Currently, despite the potential advantages of nanoparticle vaccines in immunotherapy, achieving an effective immune response in the tumor microenvironment remains a challenge. Tumor immune escape and overexpression of immunosuppressive factors limit its clinical application. Therefore, this study will explore how to intervene in the immunosuppressive mechanism in the tumor microenvironment through mannose-modified lipid calcium phosphate nanoparticle vaccines so as to improve the immunotherapy effect of tumor patients and provide new ideas and strategies for the field of tumor therapy.
Data on Stark Broadening of N VI Spectral Lines
Authors: Dimitrijević Milan S. , Christova Magdalena D. , Sahal-Bréchot Sylvie
Published: March 2024

Data on Stark broadening parameters, spectral line widths and shifts, for 15 multiplets of N VI, which spectral lines are broadened by collisions with electrons, protons, alpha particles (He III) and B III, B IV, B V and B VI ions, are presented. They have been calculated, using the semiclassical perturbation theory, for temperatures from 50,000 K to 2,000,000 K, and perturber densities from 1016 cm−3 up to 1024 cm−3. These data are particularly of interest for the analysis and modelling of atmospheres of hot and dense stars, as e.g. white dwarfs, and for investigation of their spectra, but also for analyis ad modelling of laser driven plasma in proton-boron fusion research.
Prognostic significance of Lung ultrasound for Heart Failure Patient Management in Primary Care. A Systematic Review
Authors: Panisello-Tafalla Anna , Montoya Marcos Haro , Caballol-Angelats Rosa , Montelongo-Sol Maylin , Rodriguez-Carralero Yoenia , Lucas-Noll Jorgina , Clua-Espuny Josep Lluis
Published: March 2024

Heart failure (HF) affects about 60 million people worldwide, making it one of the chronic conditions with the greatest health and economic impact. The primary objective was to assess the efficacy of lung ultrasound (LUS) in the management of HF in order to intervene early and reduce the rate of hospital readmissions. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus, including clinical trials, meta-analysis, systematic reviews, and original articles from 2019/1/1-2023/12/31, about LUS for the assessment of HF, on an outpatient basis, for HF diagnosis or/and decompensation. There may be risk of bias because the effects are dependent on the persons delivering the intervention. The results were synthetized by PRISMA method. A total of 873 articles were identified of which 33 articles were selected: [n=19] focused on prognostic assessment of HF, [n=11] centred on multimodal diagnostic assessments, and [n=2] addressing therapeutic guidance for HF diagnosis. LUS exhibits advantages in the detection of sub-clinical congestion linked to prognostic significance in re-admission and mortality during out-patient follow-up, after hospital discharge, and in complex scenarios as the patients' homes or institutional long-term care facilities. However, there are considerable uncertainties in their interpretation and monitoring changes due to its lack of standardization. The need for an updated international consensus on the use of LUS seems obvious.
Sustainable Development Goals for Education and Research in the Ranking of Green Universities of Mahasarakham University
Authors: Sribanasarn Woraluck , Techarungruengsakul Rapeepat , Khotdee Mathinee , Thuangchon Sattawat , Ngamsert Ratsuda , Phumiphan Anujit , Sivanpheng Ounla , Kangrang Anongrit
Published: March 2024

This research aims to review the educational and research operations of Mahasarakham University and propose development directions for the university to meet sustainable development criteria for ranking as a green university. This involves gathering data and analyzing the results of operations over the past 3 years, then using this analysis to synthesize lessons learned and develop guidelines for sustainable development in the coming years. The study found that the university's policies and strategies implemented following the annual performance evaluation criteria align with the green university assessment criteria for education and research. This has resulted in minor improvements in curriculum for sustainability. However, community service projects for sustainability have increased by 89.10%, while funding for sustainable research and academic publications related to sustainability has decreased. In summary, the projects under the university's development strategy adequately support and drive suitable development activities. Nevertheless, the university must continuously review its operations to adapt to changing contexts, budget constraints, and evolving competition and develop each year sustainably.
Ethanol Conversion to Propylene over Zn/Hβ Catalysts: Influence of Zinc Precursors
Authors: Bai Ting , Li Xiaohui , Ding Liang , Wang Jin , Xiao Yong-Shan , Cao Bin
Published: March 2024

A series of Zn-modified Hβ (Zn/Hβ) catalysts were prepared by using the different zinc precursors such as ZnSO4·7H2O, ZnCl2, C4H6O4Zn·2H2O and Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, and their catalytic performance in the ethanol conversion to propylene reaction was evaluated. Results indicate the amount and strength distribution of acid sites of the Zn/Hβ catalysts were easily tuned by employing different type of zinc precursors. More importantly, when the Zn species were introduced to the Hβ, the propylene yield was significantly enhanced, whereas the yields of the byproducts such as ethylene and C2-C4 alkanes were remarkably suppressed. For the catalyst prepared by using the ZnCl2 precursor (Zn/Hβ-C), a higher propylene yield up to 43.4% was achieved as a result of the moderate amount and distribution of acid sites. The average coking rate of the used Zn/Hβ catalysts strongly depended on the amount of total acid sites, especially the strong acid sites, i.e., the higher the amount of total acid sites of the catalyst, the greater the average coking rate. For the catalyst prepared by using the ZnSO4·7H2O precursor, Zn/Hβ-S exhibited a better stability even after depositing more coke, which is due to the higher amount of strong acid sites.
Changes in Soil Chemical Properties and Bacterial Community Composition of Jujube Orchard Due to Oil Cake Fertilization
Authors: Park Heeson , Kim Kiyoon , Walitang Denver Inladchang , Sayyed R. Z. , Sa Tongmin
Published: March 2024

Organic fertilizer application in agricultural land is known to improve soil microbial processes, fertility, and yield. In particular, stable changes in soil chemical composition through multi-year fertilization of organic fertilizers are thought to cause changes in the microbial community. Here, the effects of oil cake amendments (OC) on soil bacterial diversity, community profile and enzyme activity were evaluated and compared to those amended with chemical fertilizer (NPK). The comparison of diversity indices between OC and NPK amended soils shows that application of oil cake has increased microbial diversity potentially with an increase in the number of different microbial groups. The ordination plot distinguished and clustered both treatments showing differential effects of soils chemical factors on the microbial communities of each treatment. Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Bacteriodetes were significantly abundant in OC amended soil than in the NPK received soil, indicating alterations in community structure, composition, and diversity con-current to the changes in pH, Ca and Mg contents of the soil. These shifts in bacterial community structure and composition could also be observed from the phylum to the genus level in both NPK and OC amended soils partially explained by differences in soil chemical factors. The OC soil compared to the NPK amended soil also contain significantly higher abundance of predicted genes corresponding to enzymes related to biogeochemical cycling, decomposition and plant growth promotion. Collectively, these results support the use of an unconventional organic fertilizer positively altering bacterial populations in jujube orchards. The application of oil cake-based organic fertilizer improved microbial diversity and enhanced potential ecosystem functions related to bio-geochemical cycles, mineralization and plant growth promotion.
Dystonia, Tremor, and Dystonic Tremor
Authors: Shaikh Aasef G. , Fasano Alfonso , Pandey Sanjay , Helmich Rick , Albanese Alberto , Vidailhet Marie , Elble Rodger , Fung Victor , Tijssen Marina , Joen Boemsuk , Hallett Mark , Jinnah Hyder
Published: March 2024

Dystonia and tremor are distinct movement disorders, but they overlap in certain circumstances. First, dystonia and tremor may co-exist in the same individual, in the same or different regions of the body. Second, dystonic movements are sometimes rapid and repetitive, and they may mimic tremor. The term dystonic tremor first appeared in the literature to describe a rapid and repetitive dystonic movement that mimicked tremor but could be discriminated from essential tremor. With the first consensus statement on tremor, the term dystonic tremor was instead used to describe any combination of dystonia with tremor in the same body region, a definition retained in the latest consensus statement. Both definitions continue to be used in the modern literature. To address this problem, a group of specialists in dystonia and tremor met to review the problem and develop recommendations for more consistent approach. The group agreed that a terminology that could be applied in the clinic was essential, even though laboratory-based measures may sometimes be required. The group also agreed that the term tremor should exclusively refer to rhythmic movements, and the establishment of boundaries for rhythmicity is needed. The group also agreed that repetitive movements that are grossly arrhythmic in the context of dystonia, should be called jerky dystonia, rather than terms that imply tremor. Moreover, when both tremor and dystonia coexist, they should be described according to affected body regions rather than given distinct labels.
Silicone Nanocomposites with Enhanced Thermal Resistance: A Review
Authors: Zielecka Maria , Rabajczyk Anna
Published: March 2024

Continuous technological progress places significant demands on the materials used in increasingly modern devices. An important parameter is often the long-term thermal resistance of the material. The use of heat-resistant polymer materials worked well in technologically advanced products. An economically justified direction in searching for new materials is the area of polymer nanocomposite materials. It is necessary to appropriately select both the polymer matrix and the nanofillers best able to demonstrate the synergistic effect. A promising area of exploration for such nanocomposites is the use of organosilicon polymers, which results from the unique properties of these polymers related to their structure. This review presents the results of the analysis of the most important literature reports regarding organosilicon polymer nanocomposites with increased thermal resistance. Particular attention was paid to modification methods of silicone nanocomposites focused on the increase of their thermal resistance related to the modification of siloxane molecular structure and by making nanocomposites using inorganic additives, carbon nanomaterials. Attention was also paid to such important issues as the influence of the dispersion of additives in the polymer matrix on the thermal resistance of silicone nanocomposites and the possibility of modifying the polymer matrix and permanently introducing nanofillers thanks to the presence of various reactive groups. The thermal stability mechanism of these nanocomposites was also analysed.
A Completed Proved of Rapid Nondestructive Prediction Model of Wood Chip Biomass Higher Heating Value Ready for Industrial Updating
Authors: Shrestha Bijendra , Phanomsophon Thitima , Shrestha Zenisha , Posom Jetsada , Sirisomboon Panmanas , Shrestha Bim Prasad , Pornchaloempong Pimpen , Ariffin Hidayah
Published: March 2024

Nepal, primarily an agricultural country, heavily relies on agricultural residue and fuelwood for daily energy requirements. In 2022, total energy consumption was 640 PJ, with traditional sources accounting for 64.17%, and fuelwood comprising 58.53% of total fuel consumption. The estimated potential supply of agricultural residue is 26 million tonnes, yielding about 442 million GJ of energy in 2021. Biomass trading often emphasizes volume or weight, necessitating a rapid and non-destructive assessment of energy properties for mutual benefit, aiding in the identification, management, and utilization of biomass sources. In this study, 200 biomass samples were collected in two batches (126 and 74 samples) from various locations in Nepal. Using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), a model was developed correlating higher heating value (HHV) from a bomb calorimeter and spectral data from Fourier Transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIRS) (3595 – 12,489 cm-1) sensor. PLSR models incorporated raw spectra, eight preprocessing techniques, the multi-preprocessing five-range method, and a genetic algorithm. Outliers in the first batch were identified, and the first batch divided into an 80% calibration set and a 20% validation set, while the second batch was designated as an unknown sample set. The optimum PLSR model, utilizing first derivative preprocessing, improved accuracy by 6.77%, with coefficients of determination in the calibration set, validation set, and unknown set as 0.9694, 0.9578, and 0.8089, respectively. Root mean square errors were 132.4790 J/g, 189.4800 J/g, and 360.8845 J/g for the calibration set (RMSEC), validation set (RMSEP), and unknown set (RMSEUN), respectively. The prediction to deviation ratio (RPD) for the validation set and unknown set was 4.9 and 2.4, respectively. The cross validation model of combined sample data of every sets showed the R2CV of 0.95 and RPDCV of 4.6 indicating the model could serve as a reliable and swift non-destructive alternative for evaluating biomass HHV using NIRS and ready for updating for industrial use. However, incorporating a larger number of representative samples is crucial to enhance accuracy and develop a more comprehensive global model for predicting biomass HHV.
Changing the Nomenclature of Duct Dependent Lesions from Duct Dependent Pulmonary and Systemic to Duct Dependent Oxygenation and Perfusion
Authors: AbdelMassih Antoine , George Acsah , Mohammad Dima , Ansari Fazeela , Prachith Soumya
Published: March 2024

Duct-dependent lesions are classically divided into duct dependent pulmonary circulation which involves severe right sided obstructive lesions such as pulmonary atresia or critical stenosis, and duct dependent systemic circulation which is characterized by malformation of the left side of the heart, and whose severest spectrum is hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Dextro-transposition of the great arteries remains in gray zone between being included in some old classifications as a duct dependent pulmonary circulation lesion or a new category of duct-dependent or independent mixing lesion. We hypothesize that re-classifying duct dependent congenital defects into duct dependent perfusion and oxygenation offers a model to fit D-TGA into the same category of right sided obstructive lesions and reflects the clinical spectrum in a more comprehensive way.
Sensory Properties, Redox Characteristics, and Impact on the Hemodynamics of the Flavanol-Rich Fraction Originated Grape and Blueberry
Authors: Osakabe Naomi , Shoji Toshihiko , Onishi Kurumi , Hirahata Chie , Hiroki Kento , Fushimi Taiki , Fujii Yasuyuki , Jacob Ursula , Abdelhameed Ali , Paola Rosanna Di , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Calabrese Vittorio
Published: March 2024

Several epidemiological studies and intervention trials have demonstrated that flavanols present in grapes and blueberries can lower the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms of action of these compounds remain unclear due to their low bioavailability. A polyphenol-rich grape and blueberry extract (PEGB) contained about 16% flavanol, of which 11% was monomer and 4% was dimer. A sensory test investigated the oral perception of a PEGB. At concentrations where quercetin had almost no detectable taste, PEGB exhibited significant astringency. Furthermore, in comparing the redox properties against O2･- using a luminescence method, PEGB acted as a prooxidant at low concentrations, promoting O2･-production and scavenging O2･-at high concentrations under pH conditions similar to oral cavity and intestine. In contrast, quercetin showed antioxidant activity at any concentration. A single oral administration of PEGB to rats showed a significant increase in skeletal muscle arteriolar blood flow. According to these results, PEGB containing flavanols displays a potent astringent flavor, increases O2･-production at low concentrations in a neutral pH environment as well as oral and intestine, and considerably enhances blood flow to skeletal muscles after a single dose in rats. The results of this study indicate a need to investigate the causal relationship between oral perception, redox properties, and bioactivity of polyphenols.
Do Central Banks Respond to Exchange Rate Movements? A Structural Analysis of Selected Inflation Targeters Emerging Economies
Authors: Tipoy Christian Kakese
Published: March 2024

We analyze whether the central banks of a selected sample of emerging economies respond to exchange rate movements. We use economies that are inflation targters and exporters of a limited number of commodities. The latter renders them vulnerable to terms of trade shocks. The sample comprises Brazil, the Czech Republic, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa. We also investigate the role played by the terms of trade in explaining their business cycles. We estimate, for each economy separately and using Bayesian techniques, a regime switching open new Keynesian model. This model allows the parameters of the policy rule and the structural shocks to switch between periods of low and high regimes. We perform posterior simulation and find that, when compared to a constant parameters model, the regime switching fits the data better. The results indicate that, in some periods, the different economies respond strongly to exchange rate, while in others, some respond weakly. A terms of trade improvement leads to a currency appreciation. However, this is reversed for those economies that respond strongly to exchange rate movements. This leads to a rise in output and inflation even for economies that do not respond strongly but play a major role in international trade. This is the case of Russia. The terms of trade are found to play a major rule in explaining business cycles in emerging economies. Thus, although these economies follow an inflation targeting framework, they may set their respective policy rate in a manner to take into account exchange rate developments. This insulates themselves against adverse terms of trade shocks.
Role of c-Abl in DENV-2 Infection and Actin Remodeling in Vero Cells
Authors: Carreño-Flórez Grace P. , Boudreau Ryan L. , Vicente-Manzanares Miguel , Gallego-Gómez Juan Carlos , Cuartas-López Alexandra Milena
Published: March 2024

Dengue is one the most significant mosquito-borne viral diseases globally, with its prevalence extending across tropical and subtropical regions, exerting a considerable financial strain on health systems. Despite decades of research leading to the development of a vaccine implemented in endemic countries, its usage remains restricted to a fraction of the population at risk of contracting dengue. Due to these limitations, there is a growing focus on research aimed at unraveling the cellular mechanisms crucial for Dengue virus (DENV) infection to pinpoint potential host targets. Multiple studies propose a pivotal role of cytoskeletal remodeling in DENV infection. Specifically, DENV alters the organization of actin to facilitate viral entry, replication, and release. In this study, we investigated the involvement of the protein c-Abl, a kinase crucial in actin dynamics, in the context of DENV infection. Our findings suggest that either silencing or pharmacological inhibition of the kinase c-Abl leads to accumulation of dengue ENV protein in vitro, associated with actin remodeling. These results illuminate cellular mechanisms that could serve as potential therapeutic alternatives for dengue management.
Canopy Characteristics of Gamba Grass Cultivars and Their Effects on the Weight Gain of Beef Cattle under Grazing
Authors: Braga Gustavo José , Ramos Allan Kardec Braga , Carvalho Marcelo Ayres , Fonseca Carlos Eduardo Lazarini , Karia Claudio Takao
Published: March 2024

Gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus Kunth) is a tussock-forming forage species adapted to acid soils of Brazilian savannas and cultivated for grazing pastures. Four decades since its releasing, Planaltina prevails as the most commercialized cultivar of the species, even though the new cultivar BRS Sarandi could be a better alternative for Gamba grass-based farms by presenting greater leaf:stem ratio. The objective of this study was to evaluate the average daily live weight gain (ADG) of Nellore bulls (Bos indicus) for two Gamba grass cultivars – Planaltina and Sarandi. The experiment was conducted in Planaltina, Federal District, Brazil, during 3 years, namely 2018, 2018-2019 and 2020. The experimental design was completely randomized block with two treatments and three replicates, each one continuously stocked at three stocking rates (SR) - 1.3, 2.6 and 4 young bulls/ha. Canopy height (CH), forage mass (FM), plant-part proportion (leaf, stem and dead material) and nutritive value were evaluated. In 2018, mean ADG for Sarandi pastures was greater (0.690 kg/bull/d) than Planaltina (0.490 kg/bull/d) (P=0.0839). In the subsequent year (2018-2019), there was no effect of cultivar (P = 0.4089), while in 2020 the ADG was again affected by cultivar (P=0.0412), confirming the advantage of Sarandi (0.790 kg/bull/d) over Planaltina (0.650 kg/bull/d). In 2018 and 2020, the percentage of stems for Sarandi was about 3-6 pp lesser than for Planaltina (P
Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activity of Selected Eucalyptus Species
Authors: Moges Getaneh Worku , Manahelohe Gizachew Mulugeta , Asegie Melese Ababay
Published: March 2024

Many medicinal plants and their essential oils are used to treat or prevent diseases without the risk of mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, or teratogenicity. Eucalyptus essential oils are commonly used as preservatives, flavoring agents, and in various consumer goods. Eucalyptus leaves are being widely studied due to their volatile essential oils, including 1,8-cineole, p-cymene, α and β-pinene, limonene, citronellal, citral, eudesmol, terpinen-4-ol, terpineol, α–phellanderene, and 9β-sitosterol. Among these compounds, 1,8-cineole is the most abundant. Eucalyptus leaves are rich in flavonoids and phenolic compounds and are thus a great source of antioxidants. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays are used to measure antioxidant capacity. The antioxidant activity of Eucalyptus essential oil is stronger than that of standard antibiotics like Erythromycin, Cefixime, and Gentamicin due to the presence of significant terpenoids in addition to phenolic chemicals and flavonoids. The lower the IC50 value, the higher the antioxidant potential. Phenolic compounds and flavonoids are often associated with beneficial health outcomes, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, anti-cancer properties, reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, prevention of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. Flavonoids also play an essential role in plants, including protecting against reduction, fertility, reproduction, and infection. Due to their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and immune-modulatory properties, flavonoids are crucial for pharmacological, medical, and nutraceutical applications.
Revolutionizing Power: Unleashing the Potential of Dynamic Mathematical Model Simulation for Multi-compartment Rotor Compressed Combustion Engines
Authors: JOHNSON NNADIKWE , SUNDAY UME CYRIL
Published: March 2024

As the demand for fossil fuels continues to rise and their availability becomes increasingly limited, it is crucial to explore innovative approaches to optimize fuel combustion in existing systems. Among various engines, diesel engines are heavily reliant on fluid motion within the engine cylinder, which plays a critical role in fuel-air mixing. This abstract focuses on the potential of dynamic mathematical model simulation for multi-compartment rotor compressed combustion engines, aiming to revolutionize power generation by enhancing fuel burning efficiency. By leveraging advanced simulation techniques, this research seeks to unlock new insights into fluid dynamics and optimize fuel-air mixing, leading to more efficient and sustainable energy utilization. Through this exploration, we aim to pave the way for groundbreaking advancements in the field of combustion engines, ultimately contributing to a greener and more sustainable future. In the realm of internal combustion engines, the fluid dynamics within the engine cylinder greatly influence the combustion processes and heat transfer. For compression ignition (C.I) engines, both the bulk gas motion and turbulence characteristics play vital roles in engine performance. This study focuses on enhancing the combustibility of the fuel-air mixture in C.I engines by modifying the engine design to induce turbulence through squish and tumble flows. The modification involves creating multiple compartments on the rotor crown, comprising three small chambers spaced 120º apart. By implementing this design, the aim is to optimize the fuel-air mixing and improve the overall combustion efficiency. Through comprehensive analysis and experimentation, we seek to revolutionize C.I engine technology and pave the way for more efficient and environmentally-friendly power generation. In this study, the performance of a compression ignition (C.I) engine with a multiple compartment rotor has been analyzed under motoring conditions using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with FLUENT software. The obtained results have been compared with those of a base C.I engine. The analysis focused on the effects of the modified engine design on the tumble ratio and squish velocity, which are important parameters for fuel-air mixing and combustion efficiency. The results indicated a significant improvement with the modified engine, with a 35% increase in tumble ratio and a 31% increase in squish velocity compared to the base engine. These findings suggest that the modified engine design has the potential to enhance fuel-air mixing and combustion performance, leading to improved overall engine efficiency. This research presents promising insights into the optimization of C.I engine design and contributes to the development of more efficient and environmentally-friendly power generation technologies..
Environmental Chamber Characterization of an Ice Detection Sensor for Aviation Using Graphene and PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Farina Dario , Mazio Marco , Machrafi Hatim , Queeckers Patrick , Iorio Carlo Saverio
Published: March 2024

In the context of improving aircraft safety, this study focuses on the development and evaluation of a graphene-based ice detection system using an environmental chamber. The research is driven by the need for more accurate and efficient ice detection methods, crucial in mitigating in-flight icing hazards. The methodology employed involves testing flat graphene-based sensors in a controlled environment, simulating a variety of climatic conditions that could be experienced in an aircraft during its entire flight. The environmental chamber enabled precise manipulation of temperature and humidity levels, thereby providing a realistic and comprehensive test bed for sensor performance evaluation. The results were significant, revealing the graphene sensors’ heightened sensitivity and rapid response to the subtle changes in environmental conditions, especially the critical phase transition from water to ice. This sensitivity is the key to detecting ice formation at its onset, a critical requirement for aviation safety. The study concludes that graphene-based sensors, tested under varied and controlled atmospheric conditions, exhibit a remarkable potential in enhancing ice detection systems for aircraft. Their lightweight, efficient and highly responsive nature makes them a superior alternative to traditional ice detection technologies, paving the way for more advanced and reliable aircraft safety solutions.
Hardware in the Loop Simulation of Gas Turbines: How Real Time Control System Design Tools Can Be Exploited Also to Generate Fault Cases to Train and Tune Data Based Diagnostic Systems.
Authors: Brighenti Attilio , Brighenti Chiara
Published: March 2024

Dynamic virtual testing by Hardware in the Loop (HIL) real time simulation systems is common to minimize physical tests to validate and verify control algorithms, logics and software, under normal and emergency conditions. The accurate but costly HIL models setup activities could have an extended use to simulate faulty conditions that are seldom observable in the real system, yet they must be detected in advance and recognized. Data driven diagnostic methods have reached a mature development, in various sectors, proving effective in early detecting slowly varying deviations from nominal patterns of signals, even without a priori knowledge of their nature and behavior. These methods rely on vast amount of data logged from real systems that are ever and ever richer of monitoring telemetries that are worth being exploited. However, due to the usually reliable and safe systems being managed, it is often difficult to collect enough data on anomalous situations to validate fault detection and isolation and limit false positives. HIL model-based simulations allow generating and observing operational domains or transients rarely observed in real operations. This allows identifying the signals that are most correlated to faults and that could be selected to setup data-based diagnostic models of parts or subsystems, which are more suitable than the whole HIL model for online diagnostics, as well as to identify the features and trends that are most symptomatic of anomalous conditions.
Pythium banihashemianum sp. nov. and Globisporangium izadpanahii sp. nov. Two New Oomycete Species from Rice Paddies in Iran
Authors: Salmaninezhad Fatemeh , Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa Reza , Cacciola Santa Olga
Published: March 2024

Investigation of oomycete diversity in rice paddies of Fars Province in Iran led to the identification of two new Pythium sensu lato (s.l.) species as Globisporangium izadpanahii sp. nov. and Pythium banihashemianum sp. nov. The identification was based on morphological and physiological features as well as the phylogenetic analysis of nuclear (ITS and βtub) and mitochondrial (cox1 and cox2) loci using Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood. A major characteristic of G. izadpanahii was the production of globose hyphal swellings; this species did not produce vesicles and zoospores. The present paper describes formally these two new species and defines their phylogenetic relationships with other congeneric species. According to multiple gene genealogy analysis, G. izadpanahii grouped with other species of Globisporangium in the former clade G of Pythium s.l. and was closely related to both G. nagaii and the recently described G. coniferarum. The second species, designated P. banihashemianum, grouped with other species of Pythium sensu stricto in the former clade B of Pythium s.l. and according to the phylogenetic analysis shared an ancestor with P. plurisporium. In pathogenicity tests on rice seedlings, P. banihashemianum isolates were highly pathogenic causing severe root and crown rot, while G. izadpanahii isolates were not pathogenic.
PERBANDINGAN KEMAMPUAN FERMENTASI KHAMIR Saccharomyces cerevisiae DARI BERBAGAI MEDIA KULTUR
Authors: Yamin Benaya , Rinihapsari Elisa , Firstania Tirza Diandra  , Raka Pradistya
Published: March 2024

Media SDA (Sabouraud Dextrose Agar) dan PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) merupakan jenis media yang umum digunakan untuk menumbuhkan kapang dan khamir. Kekurangan dari kedua media ini adalah memiliki harga yang mahal. Sebagai alternatif, beberapa institusi pendidikan umumnya menggunakan media PDA racikan sendiri yang terbuat dari air rebusan kentang dan nutrient agar untuk menghemat biaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah kualitas khamir Saccharomyces cerevisiae yang ditumbuhkan pada media SDA, PDA, dan PDA racikan. Penelitian merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan cara menanam biakan S. cerevisiae, yang ditumbuhkan dari 3 jenis media, pada sari buah nanas. Kualitas S. cerevisiae dinilai dari kemampuan melakukan fermentasi yang dilihat dari kadar alkohol dan kadar gula reduksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan S. cerevisiae yang ditumbuhkan pada ketiga jenis media memiliki kualitas yang berbeda. Kadar alkohol dan kadar gula reduksi yang dihasilkan oleh S. cerevisiae yang ditumbuhkan pada media SDA (29,91% dan 0,39%), PDA (29,61% dan 0,38%), dan PDA racikan (24,02% dan 0,6%) memiliki nilai yang berbeda signifikan (p < 0,05).

Kata kunci: media agar; S. cerevisiae; fermentasi; kadar alkohol; kadar gula reduksi
VEGETASI TAMAN URBAN SEBAGAI PENYEDIA PAKAN BAGI BEBERAPA TROPHIC GUILD BURUNG HERBIVORA: STUDI TAMAN LAPANGAN BANTENG, JAKARTA PUSAT
Authors: Hakamshe Hafidz Prananta , Arumsari Diah Retno , Komariah Esti , Febriyani Hilmi , Febrianty Intan , Destiyana Nabilah , Aulia Rahmah , Sukmawati Wulan , Noer Mohamad Isnin , Sedayu Agung
Published: March 2024

Vegetal food is the most important resource for herbivores. The study of food consumed by bird community in Indonesia, especially in urban environments is needed to provide an overview of the ability of City Parks to support bird communities. The aim was to determine the urban park vegetation in the Lapangan Banteng park as a potential food source for urban birds, especially frugivores, nectarivores and granivores. The study was conducted in September until December 2018 . Data were analyzed using Rstudio and ImageJ. The results showed that there were 7 species of birds consisting: four species of granivores (Passer montanus, Streptopelia chinensis, Lonchura punctulata, and Pycnonotus aurigaster) and three species of frugivores (Psittacula alexandri, Dicaeum trochileum, Treron vernans) which were observed to use plants as food resource Lapangan Banteng park. Birds used 30% of trees (Syzygium polyanthum, Melaleuca leucadendra, Ficus benjamina) and 70% of herbaceous ground cover (Arachis pintoi., Phoenix sp., Pennisetum purpureum, Axonopus compressus, Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, and Eleusine indica). The availability of sufficient natural food in nature will have an impact on both bird conservation and the environment. The availability of natural food will improve bird conservation and ensure the sustainability of urban biodiversity.
DESKRIPSI SEMUT PADA HABITAT TERTUTUP DAN TERBUKA DI KAWASAN HUTAN KOTA ARBORETUM CIBUBUR JAKARTA TIMUR
Authors: Ruslan Hasni , Pratama Christian Flo Ryan , Tobing Imran SL
Published: March 2024

Urban forest is a special area in anurban planning that plays a role in preserving the environment, as a recreation area and as one of the lungs of the city which helps in maintaining the health of city air. The existence of ants in the urban forest plays a role in maintaining the stability of the urban forest ecosystem which generally has both open and closed habitats. The purpose was to provide information regarding the description of ant species in open and closed habitats in the urban forest of the Cibubur Arboretum, East Jakarta. This research was conducted in the Cibubur Arboretum City Forest, East Jakarta. Sampling was carried out from 5─12 December 2022 using a pitfall trap which was placed in each habitat with a distance between traps of 5 m. As many as 14 ant species are tramp ants which have high adaptability to environmental disturbances. Of the 14 species found, 12 species were not found in closed habitats, namely, Camponotus arrogans and Polycharis becarrii. Pheidole parva was found in open habitats, meanwhile, in closed habitats, Odontoponera denticulata was found in the highest number.
ANALISIS MUTU ORGANOLEPTIK DAN UJI Salmonella sp. PADA IKAN CAKALANG ASAP DI PASAR REMU, KOTA SORONG
Authors: Sukmawati Sukmawati , Badaruddin Iksan , Lobat Azaria
Published: March 2024

Smoked skipjack is a type of product that is sold in many markets in Indonesia, including at Remu Market, Sorong City. However, the quality and safety of smoked skipjack tuna is a matter that needs to be considered by the public as consumers. The research method used was a descriptive study by observing the organoleptic quality of smoked skipjack tuna and detection on Salmonella sp..The results of this study showed that the organoleptic quality value of the appearance of the P sample of smoked skipjack tuna at the Remu market, Sorong city had the highest value of 8.87, then the highest odor test was 8.73, the taste value was 8.93, and the value of the texture was 8.40. However, the value of mushrooms and slime from the three samples showed the same value (9.0) which indicates that there was no fungus and slime in the smoked skipjack tuna observed. The results of the detection test Salmonella sp. showed that the P sample was safe from contamination by Salmonella sp. compared to sample R and sample Q.
STUDI ANATOMI TANAMAN KOMAK KEDIT (Phaseolus lunatus L.) LOKAL DI PULAU LOMBOK
Authors: Warni Sri , Muhammad Junaedi
Published: March 2024

Plant anatomy is one of the important basic data to reveal the potential of a plant. Anatomical data provide an overview of the internal structure of the plant body. This structure is influenced by the environment, the same thing is also likely to occur in Komak kedit plants which are widely planted on Lombok Island. Komak kedit (Phaseolus lunatus L.) is a species of legume (Fabaceae) originating from Central America. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences or variations in the anatomical structure of the Komak kedit (P. lunatus) on Lombok Island. Data analysis in this research was descriptive qualitative and triangulation. The results showed that the anatomical structure of the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds of the Komak kedit plant on Lombok Island had similar structure, such as epidermis, cortex, and stele. However, in this study, there were more differences in the number of stomata on leaves in West Lombok compared to East Lombok, Central Lombok, North Lombok, and Mataram. This was caused by differences in the environment where the plants were planted, such as water content.
KOMUNIKASI DESAIN VISUAL MELALUI MATERI CETAK YANG EFEKTIF BAGI WISATAWAN DALAM DAN LUAR NEGERI PADA MUSEUM SAINS
Authors: Chrisdina Chrisdina , Sultani Achmad
Published: March 2024

Pembelajaran yang menyenangkan tentunya dapat dilakukan baik dengan berbagai cara. Salah satu pembelajaran yang menarik adalah dengan mengunjungi berbagai macam museum yang menampilkan sebuah cerita dengan menarik. Berkunjung ke museum juga menjadi salah satu pilihan bagi wisatawan asing ketika berkunjung ke sebuah negara. Informasi yang jelas dan mudah dipahami tentunya menjadi sebuah kenyamanan tersendiri. Museum sain Planetarium Jakarta juga menjadi sebuah tujuan bagi para wisatawan baik asing maupun domestic. Pengemasan informasi mengenai tata surya dikemas apik dan menarik dengan teknologi yang mendukung. Hal yang menarik adalah jumlah pengunjung masih berada dibawah harapan, terutama bagi wisatawan asing. Peneliti melihat musem belum memaksimalkan fungsi desain komunikasi visual yang mampu memudahkan sebuah proses komunikasi. Melalui Model Perencanaan  dari Berlo yang melihat bahwa sebuah tujuan komunikasi pada prosesnya akan melewati tahapan sumber, pesan, media, dan penerima.  Berdasarkan observasi peneliti melihat bahwa perlu dibuat perencanaan yang baik sehingga wisatawan dapat membuat sebuah keputusan berdasarkan materi promosi yang ada. Menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan data wawancara dan observasi maka peneliti menemukan bahwa museum perlu memperbarui materi komunikasi yang telah ada. Katalog, signage, materi presentasi, dan merchandise menjadi sebuah alat komunikasi yang efektif dalam membantu wisatawan berpikir sehingga mendapatkan sebuah keputusan akhir. Pengelola juga harus menitik beratkan pada tujuan serta pesan apa yang ingin disampaikan, sehingga materi komunikasi dapat dirancang dengan sesuai.