Pemilihan Tipe Bangunan Pelindung Pantai di Desa Sikeli Berbasis Bahan Lokal
Authors: Herawati Herawati , Thaha Muhammad Arsyad , Paotonan Chairul 
Published: October 2020

Abstrak

Wilayah pesisir merupakan pertemuan antara wilayah laut dan wilayah darat, dimana daerah ini merupakan daerah interaksi antara ekosistem darat dan ekosistem laut yang sangat dinamis dan saling mempengaruhi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan material lokal yang potensial dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bangunan pelindung pantai dan memilih tipe bangunan pelindung pantai yang sesuai kondisi hidro-oseanografi di lokasi studi dengan metode Analythic Hierarchy Process. Lokasi penelitian berada di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, tepatnya di Pulau Kabaena, Kecamatan Kabaena Barat Desa Sikeli kabupaten Bombana. Pulau Kabaena memiliki luas 873 km2. Secara geografis terletak antara 4°22’ 59,4” - 5°28’ 26,7” Lintang Selatan serta antara 121°27’46,7”-122°09’,4” Bujur Timur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perairan disepanjang tanjung perak sangat mempengaruhi hidro-oseonografi disekitar pantai desa Sikeli. Kondisi ini berpengaruh terhadap pola pergerakan arus dan tinggi gelombang datang disekitar pantai desa Sikeli. Tinggi gelombang rata-rata yang paling besar merambat dari arah barat sebesar 0.49 m dengan presentase kajadian sebesar 32.42 %, disusul arah barat laut sebesar 0.39 m (20.56 %), arah tenggara sebesar 0.31 m (8.72 %) arah barat daya sebesar 0.31 m (7.99 %), arah utara sebesar 0.20 m (6.94 %), arah timur sebesar 0.15 m (11.81 %), arah selatan sebesar 0.12 m (3.42 %), dan arah timur laut sebesar 0.11 m (8.15 %). Pengambilan keputusan untuk memilih tipe bangunan pelindung pantai dengan metode AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) untuk penanganan abrasi pesisir pantai desa Sikeli berbasis bahan lokal diperoleh bahwa alternatif bangunan dengan nilai keterpilihan yang tertinggi adalah detached breakwater (0,4432) disusul groin (0,2479), sea-wall (0,1700) dan revetment (0.1389). Detached breakwater berfungsi untuk menahan laju sedimen kearah laut, mengurangi ketinggian dan meredam energi gelombang dan tidak dibangun sepanjang garis pantai yang akan dilindungi sehingga kapal nelayan dapat ditambat dipesisir pantai dengan aman.

Abstract

The Selection Type of Coastal Protection Structures in Sikeli Village Based on Local Materials. The coastal area is a meeting point between the sea and land areas, where this area is an area of interaction between terrestrial ecosystems and marine ecosystems which are very dynamic and influence each other. The purpose of this research is to determine local materials that can be used as coastal protection materials and to select the type of coastal protection that is suitable for the hydro-oceanographic conditions in the study location using the Analythic Hierarchy Process method. The research location is in Southeast Sulawesi Province, precisely on Kabaena Island, Kabaena Barat District, Sikeli Village, Bombana Regency. Kabaena Island has an area of 873 km2. Geographically it is located between 4° 22' 59.4"- 5° 28' 26.7" South Latitude and between 121° 27' 46.7 "-122° 09' 4" Longitude East. The results showed that the waters along Tanjung Perak greatly affect the hydro-oseonography around the coast of Sikeli village. This condition affects the current movement pattern and the height of the incoming waves around the coast of Sikeli village. The largest average wave height propagating from the west is 0.49 m with a kajadian percentage of 32.42%, followed by the northwest direction of 0.39 m (20.56%), southeast direction of 0.31 m (8.72%) to the southwest of 0.31 m (7.99%), to the north of 0.20 m (6.94%), to the east of 0.15 m (11.81%), to the south of 0.12 m (3.42%), and to the northeast of 0.11 m (8.15%). The decision to choose the type of coastal protection using the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method for the coastal abrasion management model in Sikeli village based on local materials was obtained that the alternative building with the highest electability value was the detached breakwater (0.4432) followed by groins (0.2479), sea-wall (0.1700) and revetment (0.1389). The detached breakwater model which functions to restrain the sediment rate towards the sea, reduce the height and reduce wave energy and is not built along the coastline which will be protected so that fishing boats can be moored to the coast safely.