bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RISKS OF DIGITALIZATION IN THE SPACE OF THE LIFE WORLD
Authors:   Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia, Artamonov D.S. , Frolova S.M. ,   Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
Published: March 2021

In the article, the authors consider the risks in the space of the life world in the aspect of digitalization. By digitalization, they understand the socialization of digital technologies and the construction of systems of social relations based on them. Discreteness, rapid changes and increased risk-taking distinguish the human life world of digital society. Subjective perception of reality in the space of an individual’s life world in a digital environment increases the risks of the emergence and implementation of communication strategies of behavior that negatively affect the relationship of a person with the surrounding world. The presence of a person in the digital environment not only makes him vulnerable to risks, but also prevents the recognition of risk situations, as well as leads to rejection and ignoring of risks. The individual perceives the digital space as a favorable environment. The degree of trust in the digital world for a person is much higher than the trust in the space of material objects that represent a certain danger in the individual’s mind. The individual represents the digital environment as a conflict-free space that protects a person from threats and challenges. Axiological changes in modern society have caused the emergence of risks of digitalization in the space of the life world. In the digital space, an individual sees risk as a value. The space of the life world in the digital environment becomes virtual. Virtualization of human existence contributes to the formation of a sense of trust in the world, it makes the constant improvement of their situation the motive of their life, which is possible through the acceptance of risk and responsibility for their actions. An individual perceives risk as an opportunity for freedom of choice of solutions, freedom to find ways out of constructed situations. A person in virtual space does not consider risks as dangerous, since they are a necessary condition for the existence of a digital environment. The individual presents the digital life world as less risky, which contributes to an ever deeper immersion in it and generates the risk of virtualization of being.
Influências da depressão na psoríase: uma relação bidirecional
Authors: Rua Mariana Olympio , Gandra Milena Ferreira , Santos Julia Oliveira , Carneiro Rodrigo Lage , Silva Juliana de Oliveira , Amaral Camila Silva , Barbosa Luana Caetano , Aguiar Natália Bigossi , Viol Giovanna Antonelli Melo , Dos Santos Débora Glenda
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: O presente artigo buscou discutir a relação existente entre a psoríase e a depressão, pretendendo apresentar informações que correlacionam de que forma a piora da psoríase pode intensificar os sintomas depressivos, bem como o aumento dos sintomas depressivos pode levar à progressão da psicodermatose. Revisão bibliográfica: Foi demonstrado que o tratamento antidepressivo contribui para o manejo da patologia dermatológica, assim como inibidores de Fator de Necrose Tumoral (TNF), usados no tratamento da psoríase, colaboram com a melhora dos sintomas depressivos, uma vez que ambas têm relação com a liberação elevada de citocinas pró-inflamatórias. Entretanto, o mecanismo exato de como a inflamação intervém nas duas patologias ainda não está elucidado por completo. Considerações finais: Assim, é necessário um tratamento multidimensional e que leve em consideração o aspecto psicológico, social e de bem-estar físico, visto que a psoríase não apresenta cura e o tratamento da depressão minimizaria os efeitos adversos dessa dermatose.
Manifestações clínicas da síndrome de burnout em profissionais e estudantes de medicina: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Pio Isabhella Oliveira Marques , Teixeira Alice Rodrigues , Dos Santos Brenda Barreto , Coelho Carla Fonseca , Couto Hian Carlos , De Souza João Inácio Pereira , Militão Mariana Nicolau , Soares Gustavo Fonseca Genelhu
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Analisar e descrever as manifestações clínicas da Síndrome de Burnout nos profissionais e estudantes de medicina, levando em consideração sua abordagem física, psíquica e emocional, bem como avaliar as consequências dessa síndrome na vida profissional e pessoal do médico e de seus pacientes. Revisão bibliográfica: A partir de uma revisão narrativa sobre o tema, verificou-se a crescente prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout entre os estudantes de medicina e os profissionais médicos, agravada pelo momento atual de enfrentamento à pandemia do COVID-19. Evidenciou-se que a síndrome se caracteriza em três dimensões, a saber: por exaustão emocional, despersonalização e baixa realização profissional. Considerações finais: É de extrema importância que sejam desenvolvidas formas de enfrentamento, individuais e institucionais, com a finalidade de atenuar os problemas existentes no ambiente de trabalho, diminuir as dificuldades apresentadas, dar suporte aos trabalhadores, propiciar-lhes melhores condições de vida dentro e fora da instituição e, por consequência, melhorar a qualidade do cuidado prestado ao indivíduo.
Intoxicação por medicamentos: uma revisão de literatura com abordagem no tratamento
Authors: Silva Victória Toledo , Coelho Letícia Maria Machado , Santos Dayana Bomfim , Martins Larissa Silva , Santos Gérsika Bitencourt
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Analisar estudos sobre intoxicações medicamentosas, de modo a reunir os principais tratamentos e antídotos utilizados, visando contribuir para rumos de futuras investigações. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, cujos artigos foram selecionados nas bases de dados PubMED, SciELO e LILACS, publicados a partir do ano de 2015, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol ou português. Resultados: Foram encontrados 2092 artigos ao todo. Após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão e de inclusão, obteve-se 17 artigos para comporem a amostra. Dentre os estudos selecionados, a intoxicação por paracetamol foi a mais relatada. O suporte vital ao paciente deve ser priorizado. O carvão ativado, a lavagem gástrica e a alcalinização da urina foram as formas de tratamento mais encontradas, sendo a hemodiálise, a hemoperfusão e a infusão de lipídios alternativas terapêuticas. Além disso, listou-se os principais antídotos conhecidos para algumas intoxicações específicas. Considerações Finais: As intoxicações por medicamentos constituem um problema de âmbito mundial, sendo necessárias políticas de prevenção, a fim de evitar o crescimento da automedicação.
Determinantes intrapessoais e interpessoais que norteiam as recaídas na dependência química
Authors: Araujo Julyana de Souza , Cordeiro Jéssica Moreno , Veloso Heloisa Marilak Alves , Costa Júlia Romana de Santana , Júnior José Lopes Pereira
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Descrever as causas intrapessoais e interpessoais de recaídas dos dependentes químicos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo por revisão integrativa por busca nas bases de dados: PubMed, Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Cochrane Libary. Os descritores: “drugs” OR “substance” OR “abuse drugs” OR “addiction” AND “relapse”. Aplicado análise temática de conteúdo, identificado por meio da leitura integral, temas predominantes entre os objetivos, o método, a abordagem ou a técnica estudada e a síntese dos resultados. Resultados: Incluídos 17 artigos de 2003 a 2019. Amostras de 12 a 608 indivíduos com análises de entrevistas em grupo e focais, semiestruturadas, fenomenológicas questionários e auto relato. Os estudos apresentaram como as poli drogas prediz o aumento das recaídas; a abstinência de metanfetamina mais à falta de atenção; a relação do tempo de abuso da substância com a maior chance de recaída; como dependentes químicos criminosos são tratados; como os sonhos geram sensações de relevante interpretação; e o apoio emocional e físico como fatores de proteção. Considerações Finais: A influência do meio para a recaída, onde as ordens físicas, psíquicas, emocionais, sociais e profissionais são determinantes para a recuperação.
Humanização em situações de abortamento: relato de experiência em uma maternidade pública
Authors: Monteiro Gabriella Furtado , Paladino Ádria Sthella Guedes , Junior Darci Francisco dos Santos , Pelaes Larissa Leite , Lima Leilson da Silva , Nunes Luiza Picanço , Tostes Nádia Cecília Barros , Oliveira Vanessa da Silva
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência diante de um caso de um natimorto no ambiente hospitalar e discutir a humanização. Trata-se de um relato de experiência, vivenciado por alunos de graduação do oitavo semestre do curso de Bacharelado em Enfermagem, durante a disciplina "Estágio Supervisionado II": área hospitalar em maternidade de referência no Estado do Amapá. Relato de experiência: Durante a prática do estágio supervisionado em uma maternidade de referência no Estado do Amapá, observou-se na enfermaria de atendimento pós-parto imediato, que várias mulheres dividiam leitos com outras mães e seus recém-nascidos, pois havia leitos e berços em quantidade suficiente para acomodação adequada, devido ao alto índice de ocupação hospitalar. No contexto do ambiente apresentado, uma gestante em período expulsivo iniciou o protocolo de indução medicamentosa para o parto de um filho natimorto. Considerações finais: A vivência e a discussão com a literatura científica reforçam que a prerrogativa da assistência prestada à mulher em óbito fetal deve ser um processo contínuo de educação em saúde, tanto nas universidades quanto nos setores de trabalho dos profissionais de saúde.
Desafio terapêutico: hemorragia digestiva por angioectasia bulbar em paciente com infarto agudo do miocárdio recente
Authors: Latorre Fernanda Ferradeira , E Costa José Rafael Araújo , Luz Matheus Santana , Oliveira Radmila Alessandra de Souza , Ferreira Raquel Ida , Da Silva Marcus Vinícius de Paula
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Relatar o manejo de um paciente com infarto agudo do miocárdio recente que apresenta indicação absoluta da descontinuação da terapia antiplaquetária devido à hemorragia digestiva alta por angioectasia bulbar. Detalhamentos do caso: Paciente idosa, hipertensa, ex-tabagista, em uso de ácido acetilsalicílico, clopidogrel, atorvastatina, metoprolol e captopril após angioplastia primária com implante de stent devido a infarto agudo do miocárdio com supra desnivelamento do segmento ST, evoluiu com quadro de dor epigástrica em queimação, melena e adinamia. Endoscopia digestiva alta evidenciou angioectasia em bulbo duodenal com sangramento em porejamento. Ao hemograma, hemoglobina de 5,2 g/dL. A paciente obteve boa resposta à ablação endoscópica da angioectasia, recebendo alta com suspensão da terapia antiplaquetária. Considerações finais: A despeito da ausência de dados na literatura, esse trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um quadro de difícil manejo sobre o ideal momento para se reintroduzir dupla antiagregação plaquetária, apesar do benefício de tais drogas em pacientes submetidos à intervenção coronariana percutânea, como a redução do risco de recorrência do infarto, nos casos de evidente risco de sangramento em que o paciente apresenta indicação absoluta da descontinuação da terapia antiplaquetária, faz-se necessário a individualização da indicação desse tratamento farmacológico.
Capacitação dos profissionais de saúde e seu impacto na detecção precoce do câncer de mama
Authors: Sobral Ramon Veloso Sousa , Kretli Nathan Henrick Sirqueira , Cavalcante Rosiane Luz , Briana Janete de Oliveira , Ferro Daniela Batista , Damasceno Helane Conceição
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar o rastreamento de Câncer de Mama por meio da solicitação de mamografia. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, aplicada, exploratória e de levantamento de dados secundários referentes à solicitação de mamografias, na base de dados do Sistema de Informação DATASUS, entre os períodos de julho/2018 a julho/2020 em intervalos de pré e pós capacitação aplicada na Região de Integração do Xingu, localizada na região norte do Brasil, Estado do Pará. Resultados: A mamografia de rastreio fator idade (40 a 49 anos) na região de integração do Xingu obteve diminuição das solicitações na ordem de 634 para 350. Destaca-se também a disparidade de solicitações para mamografia de rastreio (1.108) diante das solicitações para mamografia diagnóstica (12). Conclusão: Houve uma diminuição significativa no número de mamografias de rastreio baseadas na população alvo por idade, ressaltando o aumento percentual no número de mamografias de rastreio nas idades preconizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde e diminuição nas demais idades. Os resultados alcançados foram positivos e geraram efeitos, porém limitados. Dessa forma, reforçando a necessidade de uma educação permanente aos profissionais da região acerca do tema.
A situação dos ensaios clínicos relacionados às doenças mentais comuns
Authors: Fófano Gisele Aparecida , Da Silva Letícia Vieira , Dos Reis Marcio Fernandes , Teixeira Hiara Lopes Pinheiro , Avelar Guilherme de Andrade , De Abreu Fernanda Cyrino , Oliveira Maria Augusta Coutinho de Andrade
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Analisar e revisar sistematicamente a situação dos ensaios clínicos sobre transtornos mentais comuns disponíveis na base de dados ClinicalTrials.gov. Métodos: Estudo ecológico desenvolvido na base de dados pública e gratuita Clincaltrials.gov, que define a situação dos Ensaios Clínicos em Não Recrutados; Recrutando; Inscrições por convite; Ativo, não recrutando; Encerrado; Completo; Completo com resultados; Suspenso; Retirado ou Desconhecido. O site foi acessado através dos descritores: "Ansiedade" e "Depressão". Nenhum projeto foi excluído do estudo. Essa busca foi feita em 2019. Resultados: Dos estudos, 47,76% foram financiados por indústrias, 41,55% pelo National Institutes of Health (NIH) e 10,69% pela Agência Federal dos Estados Unidos. Percebe-se que apenas 18,4% do total de ensaios clínicos geraram resultados. Além disso, quanto à população estudada, 32,72% são crianças, 91,27% são adultos e 57,05% são idosos. Considerações Finais: Torna-se cada vez mais importante pensar nos vieses, não só para os ensaios clínicos em Saúde Mental, mas para todos os outros estudos que venham a ser realizados, valorizando a ética na publicação de resultados positivos e negativos em todas as circunstâncias observadas.
O autismo infantil no âmbito escolar e suas abordagens (ex)inclusivas: revisão integrativa
Authors: Vasconcellos Rayssa Nascimento , Souza Maria Helena do Nascimento , Pereira Juliana Andrade
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento produzido sobre a percepção das famílias e de profissionais acerca da inclusão escolar de crianças com transtorno do espectro autista. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura publicada no recorte temporal de janeiro de 2016 a janeiro de 2020 nas bases de dados Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO). Resultados: Ainda há fragilidades na inclusão das crianças no ambiente escolar, o que gera sofrimento, estresse e preocupação para os familiares. A falta de uma formação acadêmica adequada reflete na escassez de profissionais qualificados para garantir a manutenção da criança na Escola. Considerações Finais: Constatou-se que há lacunas no conhecimento de familiares e profissionais sobre as formas de inclusão da criança com transtorno do espectro autista na escola necessitando de capacitação profissional para o suporte necessário à família e garantia da aprendizagem e bem-estar das crianças.
Geolocation Apps using A* Algorithm for Android Based Traders
Authors: Kholishoh Istithoatun , Mardainis Mardainis , Susandri Susandri , Andesa Khusaeri
Published: March 2021

The development of technology has a positive effect on the trade sector, creating smartphones that can be utilized in all activities combined with the internet network. Activity that is currently growing is a mobile trader in the city of Pekanbaru. This development caused much competition, for example, in the Pekanbaru city area, especially in Sialangmunggu village. Traders around is difficult to find consumers because consumers do not have precise location and time information. Therefore, researchers aim to design and build applications by utilizing the functions of google maps and GPS (Global Positioning System) where the Algorithm to be applied is the A* algorithm whose function is to find the nearest location between buyers to mobile merchants, to accommodate data from mobile merchants where buyers can know the nearest position of the traveling merchant. Process analysis will be divided into running analysis that discusses the workings of the process of mobile traders and buyers in the field. Then the proposed system analysis of the analysis will be made by the author to maximize the process on the current analysis. By making analysis and design, the author will know the needs needed in the creation of the system. The result of using method A* is applied to displaying the merchant's route with the user, and the result can provide the fastest route to get to the trader. The use of method A* is also done to find the trader whose location is closest to the user's location, and the result can display the nearest trader.
Embedded Control System of DC Motor Using Microcontroller Arduino and PID Algorithm
Authors: Ma'arif Alfian
Published: March 2021

The development of technology has a positive effect on the trade sector, creating smartphones that can be utilized in all activities combined with the internet network. Activity that is currently growing is a mobile trader in the city of Pekanbaru. This development caused much competition, for example, in the Pekanbaru city area, especially in Sialangmunggu village. Traders around is difficult to find consumers because consumers do not have precise location and time information. Therefore, researchers aim to design and build applications by utilizing the functions of google maps and GPS (Global Positioning System) where the Algorithm to be applied is the A* algorithm whose function is to find the nearest location between buyers to mobile merchants, to accommodate data from mobile merchants where buyers can know the nearest position of the traveling merchant. Process analysis will be divided into running analysis that discusses the workings of the process of mobile traders and buyers in the field. Then the proposed system analysis of the analysis will be made by the author to maximize the process on the current analysis. By making analysis and design, the author will know the needs needed in the creation of the system. The result of using method A* is applied to displaying the merchant's route with the user, and the result can provide the fastest route to get to the trader. The use of method A* is also done to find the trader whose location is closest to the user's location, and the result can display the nearest trader.
EVALUASI DAMPAK PENYALURAN PEMBIAYAAN MIKRO SYARIAH PADA KESETARAAN, KEADILAN GENDER DAN INKLUSI SOSIAL
Authors: Hazmi Faiqul , Nafisah Zahrotun
Published: March 2021

Pembiayaan mikro mempunyai manfaat besar terhadap kesetaraan dan keadilan gender antara laki-laki dan perempuan, (1) Secara finansial berdampak pada peningkatan kepemilikan aset individual pada perempuan, Meningkatnya nilai tawar perempuan dalam pengambilan keputusan berhubungan penggunaan pembiayaan dan pendapatan. (2) Non-finansial, menjadikan perempuan mempunyai akses dan kontrol terhadap sumber daya intangible seperti informasi dan pengaruhnya terhadap lingkungan guna meningkatkan perannya dalam sosial kemasyarakatan serta rasa percaya diri. Namun kebijakan pembiayaan pada lembaga keuangan belum sepenuhnya memihak pada keadilan gender, Pemikiran ini didasarkan pada hasil penelitian (1) Apabila dilakukan perbandingan aksesibilitas laki-laki dan perempuan jumlah laki-laki lebih banyak dibandingkan perempuan pada pembiayaan mikro individual. seharusnya ada regulasi yang memberikan akses lebih mudah bagi perempuan untuk mendapatkan pembiayaan, karena dalam kondisi bersaing, perempuan  relatif  kalah dibandingkan laki-laki. (2) Adanya paradoks dimana perempuan dianggap sebagai penabung yang baik mampu secara rutin menyisihkan penghasilanya namun pada pembiayaan semakin besar nilai nominalnya semakin sedikit porsi perempuan dibandingkan laki-laki. (3) Sulitnya data pilah gender, informasi aksesibilitas pembiayaan berdasarkan perempuan dan laki-laki tidak bisa dengan mudah didapatkan, hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa membahas pembiayaan berdasarkan gender belum menjadi mainstream dan kepentingan publik. (4) Pembiayaan mikro semakin memperberat beban perempuan, selain ber-tanggungjawab pada pekerjaan rumah tangga, di tambah mencukupi kebutuhan keluarga.
Authentication analysis of milkfish fish oil using the combination of FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics
Authors: Mustafidah M. , Irnawati I. , Lukitaningsih E. , Rohman A.
Published: March 2021

Milkfish (Chanos chanos) is one of the highest-produced fish in Indonesia. Milkfish fish
oil (MFO), extracted from milkfish, contains essential fatty acids and has a high price in
the market, therefore MFO can be a target of adulteration. The objective of this study was
to perform an authentication analysis of MFO from palm oil using FTIR spectroscopy and
chemometrics. MFO was extracted from the head and flesh of milkfish and the obtained
MFO was mixed with palm oil (PO) in binary mixtures to get the adulteration model of
MFO with PO. All samples were scanned using ATR-FTIR at wavenumbers of 4000-650
cm-1
. Classification between authentic MFO and adulterated MFO with PO was carried
out using discriminant analysis. The quantitative analysis of MFO adulterated with PO
was carried out with PLSR (Partial Least Square regression) using first derivative spectra
with wavenumbers of 3100-670 cm-1
. The R2
values for the correlation between the actual
and predicted values in the calibration and validation of MFO were 0.9999 and 0.9994
(MFO extracted from the head) and 0.9997 and 0.9992 (MFO extracted from flesh),
respectively. In addition, RMSE (root mean square errors) values of the calibration and
prediction of milkfish head oil were 0.0032% and 0.0106%, while MFO extracted from
the flesh was 0.0080% and 0.0123%. It can be concluded that FTIR spectroscopy
combined with PLSR could be reliable for the prediction of MFO in a binary mixture with
palm oil.
Effects of drying methods on the physicochemical properties of powder made from different parts of pumpkin
Authors: Lim J. , Taip F.S. , Ab Aziz N. , Ibrahim M.N. , How M.S.
Published: March 2021

Pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) is a widely consumed fruit as it has high carotenoid content and
medicinal value, but has a relatively short shelf life and prone to microbial spoilage.
Various drying techniques have been introduced to the industry to preserve pumpkinbased products. During the drying process, products are prone to serious decay caused by
changes in temperature, thus affecting the physical or chemical properties of the product.
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different drying methods on the
physical properties and proximate composition of pumpkin powder produced from
different parts of the fruit. Samples were made using unpeeled pumpkin and parts of the
fruit, i.e. skin, flesh and seed and were dried using different drying methods, i.e. oven (80°
C), rapid hot air oven (80°C) and freeze dryer (-110°C). The dried samples were then
milled and sieved at approximately 250 µm and 710 µm in diameter. Different drying
methods had a significant influence on the physical and chemical properties of the
samples (p<0.05). Rapid hot air drying showed a promising impact on the production of
pumpkin powder resulting in powder with a moisture content of 5.61-6.89%, particle size
of 122.98-256.46 µm, and density of 304.80-724.69 kg/m3
. These results were better than
freeze-dried powders. Proximate composition values of samples dried using rapid hot air
were also found to be better than oven-dried powder with a protein content of 9.86-
31.54% and fat content of 3.88-34.93%. In conclusion, rapid hot air-dried powder showed
the best quality in terms of physical properties and proximate composition.
تحليل رموز منحوتات كهف كندك في عقرة دراسة تحليلية نقدية
Authors: Badri Tawfiq Parween
Published: March 2021

يتضمن هذا البحث دراسة قامت بها الباحثة على منحوتات كهف كندك في عقرة حيث وصفت مشاهد جديدة لها قامت بتصويرها وهي تختلف عما ذكره من سبقها من الباحثين، وبينت في بحثها الأخطاء التي وقعوا بها، ولذلك فالبحث يمثل دراسة تحليلية جديدة لهذه المنحوتات، وتعيين تاريخ لها من خلال دراسة ملابس الشخصيات التي ظهرت فيها ومعرفة الطقس الاحتفالي الديني للمحتفلين وهم الرعاة الذين اطلق اسمهم منذ قيل القرن الساس الميلادي على، فسميت بالارامية (نيرم درعواثا) أي قرية الرعاة. واعتمدت الباحثة في تفسير معاني اسماء القرى المندثرة حول هذه القرية في تفسير طقوس هذه المنطقة وعبادتها القديمة التي دلت على عبادة النار والشمس التي استمرت في القرية حتى القرون المتأخرة كما أكد ذلك اقدم مصدر سرياني ألف عن تاريخ المنطقة وهو كتاب (الرؤساء) الذي وضعه أسقف في القرن التاسع لأول دير أسس بجوار هذا الكهف من القرن السادس الميلادي
اشكالية المصادر السريانية حول تاريخ وجغرافية كردستان دراسة تحليلية نقدية
Authors: Marie Ismail Farast
Published: March 2021

هذا البحث يشير الى الإشكالية التي رافقت المصادر السريانية القديمة والحديثة، في معالجتها لتاريخ الكرد وجغرافية كردستان، حيث أسهمت بشكل وبآخر في الانتقاص من العنصر الكردي، واعتباره غازياً دخل الى منطقة بلاد ما بين النهرين قبل عدة قرون اعتباراً من معركة جالديران عام 1514م وفيما بعد. كما أن المنطقة التي تسمى كردستان، لها تسميات عديدة تبعاً للدولة والطائفة التي تنتمي إليها، فهي آشورستان (= الدولة الآشورية)، وهي كلدانستان (= الدولة الكلدانية)، وهي سريانستان (= الاقوام الآرامية والسريانية التي كانت لها إمارات حكمت أجزاء متفرقة من المنطقة). لذا يحاول البحث جاهداً الرد على هذه الاشكاليات بإتباع منهج البحث العلمي، بعيداً عن العاطفة والايديولوجيا، من خلال الإشارة الى ما رافقت هذه المصادر من الخرافة، والاسطرة، والتناقض، الذي كان ديدنها، فضلاً عن بيان تهافت منطقها من خلال الاعتماد على جدلية الصراع والمنافسة بين الاطراف الثلاثة التي تنتمي من الناحية الدينية الى دينٍ واحدٍ، ولكن من إثنياتٍ مختلفةٍ: النسطورية – الآشورية، والنسطورية – الكلدانية، واليعقوبية – السريانية.
"الفتح الاسلامي لكوردستان بين التفسير الديني والمنطق التاريخي "اراء مجموعة من الاكاديميين الكورد انموذجاً
Authors: Tamur Sedeeq Jotyar
Published: March 2021

جذب موضوع الفتح الاسلامي لكوردستان العديد من الباحثين الكورد وغيرهم الذين ألفوا وكتبوا مجموعة من الكتب والدراسات الاكاديمية حول الموضوع، ضمن الاطارين العام للتاريخ الاسلامي والخاص بتاريخ الكورد في العصر الاسلامي، وما يثير التساؤل بين الاوساط الاكاديمية هو الاختلاف الحاصل في النظرة التي اتخذها اصحاب تلك المؤلفات والدراسات حول الاسباب والمقاصد فيما يتعلق بالفتوحات بشكل عام، الامر الذي جعل من هذا الموضوع شائكاً ومتداخلاً ، وبالتالي ادى الى خلق تباين واختلاف واضح في الاراء حول ماهية الفتوحات، ومن الاسباب التي أدت الى ظهور ذلك التباين بحسب رأي الباحث، الخلفية الدينية والثقافية والتاريخية لهولاء الباحثين، حيث تأثرت ارائهم بها، وجانبوا الولوج في الكثير من التفاصيل التي تعارض خلفياتهم، مما جعل هناك مؤيدين للفتوحات واعتبروها مصدر هداية للكورد، باعتبار انها اخرجتهم من تحت الحكم الفارسي الساساني (226-651م) الذين وبحسب رأيهم اذاقوا الكورد الويلات ومارسوا ضدهم الاضطهاد والظلم والجور، في حين ذهبت اراء اخرى على انها- الفتوحات – هي احتلال واضح لكوردستان، مستشهدين بارائهم ماحدث في تلك المناطق التي فتحت عنوةً وبعد معارك دارت بين الجيش الاسلامي واهالي تلك المناطق وما نتج عنها من قتل وسبي.
The dimensions of public opinion on climate change: belief, issue salience and support for government action
Authors:   , Crawley Samuel
Published: March 2021

Climate change is a problem that requires urgent attention. In most countries, large sections of the population accept that climate change is happening and that it is a serious problem. Despite this, the political response in many developed nations has so far been inadequate, and emissions continue to climb globally. Some authors have used this apparent lack of policy responsiveness to public preferences as evidence that vested interests have excessive influence over climate change policy. But this perspective does not fully account for the complexity of climate change opinion. For instance, many people who are highly concerned about climate change rank it as a low priority issue compared with issues such as the economy, healthcare and education. Moreover, some people who believe that climate change is happening and is a serious problem do not support government action to address it.

I therefore investigate public opinion on climate change in terms of three dimensions: belief, issue salience and support for government action. Focussing on developed countries, I rely on survey data from Eurobarometer, the New Zealand Election Study and data collected as part of this research project. I investigate the nature of opinions with respect to these three dimensions and examine how opinions vary between individuals and across countries. Furthermore, I investigate the forces that shape climate opinion on these three dimensions, including external influence (such as messages from interest groups), individual characteristics (such as social and political attitudes) and country-level factors (such as country wealth).

I find that belief is high in most developed countries, as is support for government action. However, salience is low in most countries, particularly in the less wealthy developed countries. Political orientation and other social attitudes relate positively to belief, issue salience and support for government action, although the relationships tend to be stronger for salience. By investigating the factors that shape climate opinion in different dimensions, this study contributes to knowledge of why people hold particular climate views. Moreover, my examination of the complexity of public opinion on climate change in terms of belief, issue salience and support for government action sheds light on why the political response to climate change has been ineffective in many countries.
The dimensions of public opinion on climate change: belief, issue salience and support for government action
Authors: Crawley Samuel
Published: March 2021

Climate change is a problem that requires urgent attention. In most countries, large sections of the population accept that climate change is happening and that it is a serious problem. Despite this, the political response in many developed nations has so far been inadequate, and emissions continue to climb globally. Some authors have used this apparent lack of policy responsiveness to public preferences as evidence that vested interests have excessive influence over climate change policy. But this perspective does not fully account for the complexity of climate change opinion. For instance, many people who are highly concerned about climate change rank it as a low priority issue compared with issues such as the economy, healthcare and education. Moreover, some people who believe that climate change is happening and is a serious problem do not support government action to address it.

I therefore investigate public opinion on climate change in terms of three dimensions: belief, issue salience and support for government action. Focussing on developed countries, I rely on survey data from Eurobarometer, the New Zealand Election Study and data collected as part of this research project. I investigate the nature of opinions with respect to these three dimensions and examine how opinions vary between individuals and across countries. Furthermore, I investigate the forces that shape climate opinion on these three dimensions, including external influence (such as messages from interest groups), individual characteristics (such as social and political attitudes) and country-level factors (such as country wealth).

I find that belief is high in most developed countries, as is support for government action. However, salience is low in most countries, particularly in the less wealthy developed countries. Political orientation and other social attitudes relate positively to belief, issue salience and support for government action, although the relationships tend to be stronger for salience. By investigating the factors that shape climate opinion in different dimensions, this study contributes to knowledge of why people hold particular climate views. Moreover, my examination of the complexity of public opinion on climate change in terms of belief, issue salience and support for government action sheds light on why the political response to climate change has been ineffective in many countries.
Fire characteristics and environmental conditions shape plant communities via regeneration strategy
Authors: Day Nicola , White AL , Johnstone JF , Degré-Timmons G , Cumming SG , Mack MC , Turetsky MR , Walker XJ , Baltzer JL
Published: March 2021

© 2020 The Authors. Ecography published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Nordic Society Oikos Climate change is altering disturbance regimes outside historical norms, which can impact biodiversity by selecting for plants with particular traits. The relative impact of disturbance characteristics on plant traits and community structure may be mediated by environmental gradients. We aimed to understand how wildfire impacted understory plant communities and plant regeneration strategies along gradients of environmental conditions and wildfire characteristics in boreal forests. We established 207 plots (60 m2) in recently burned stands and 133 plots in mature stands with no recent fire history in comparable gradients of stand type, site moisture (drainage) and soil organic layer (SOL) depth in two ecozones in Canada's Northwest Territories. At each plot, we recorded all vascular plant taxa in the understory and measured the regeneration strategy (seeder, resprouter, survivor) in burned plots, along with seedbed conditions (mineral soil and bryophyte cover). Dispersal, longevity and growth form traits were determined for each taxon. Fire characteristics measured included proportion of pre-fire SOL combusted (fire severity), date of burn (fire seasonality) and pre-fire stand age (time following fire). Results showed understory community composition was altered by fire. However, burned and mature stands had similar plant communities in wet sites with deep SOL. In the burned plots, regeneration strategies were determined by fire severity, drainage and pre- and post-fire SOL depth. Resprouters were more common in wet sites with deeper SOL and lower fire severity, while seeders were associated with drier sites with thinner SOL and greater fire severity. This led to drier burned stands being compositionally different from their mature counterparts and seedbed conditions were important. Our study highlights the importance of environment–wildfire interactions in shaping plant regeneration strategies and patterns of understory plant community structure across landscapes, and the overriding importance of SOL depth and site drainage in mediating fire severity, plant regeneration and community structure.
Identifying Functional Impacts of Heat-Resistant Fungi on Boreal Forest Recovery After Wildfire
Authors: Day Nicola , Cumming Steven G , Dunfield Kari E , Johnstone Jill F , Mack Michelle C , Reid Kirsten A , Turetsky Merritt R , Walker Xanthe J , Baltzer Jennifer L
Published: March 2021

No description supplied
Wildfire severity reduces richness and alters composition of soil fungal communities in boreal forests of western Canada
Authors: Day Nicola , Dunfield KE , Johnstone JF , Mack MC , Turetsky MR , Walker XJ , White AL , Baltzer JL
Published: March 2021

© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Wildfire is the dominant disturbance in boreal forests and fire activity is increasing in these regions. Soil fungal communities are important for plant growth and nutrient cycling postfire but there is little understanding of how fires impact fungal communities across landscapes, fire severity gradients, and stand types in boreal forests. Understanding relationships between fungal community composition, particularly mycorrhizas, and understory plant composition is therefore important in predicting how future fire regimes may affect vegetation. We used an extreme wildfire event in boreal forests of Canada's Northwest Territories to test drivers of fungal communities and assess relationships with plant communities. We sampled soils from 39 plots 1 year after fire and 8 unburned plots. High-throughput sequencing (MiSeq, ITS) revealed 2,034 fungal operational taxonomic units. We found soil pH and fire severity (proportion soil organic layer combusted), and interactions between these drivers were important for fungal community structure (composition, richness, diversity, functional groups). Where fire severity was low, samples with low pH had higher total fungal, mycorrhizal, and saprotroph richness compared to where severity was high. Increased fire severity caused declines in richness of total fungi, mycorrhizas, and saprotrophs, and declines in diversity of total fungi and mycorrhizas. The importance of stand age (a surrogate for fire return interval) for fungal composition suggests we could detect long-term successional patterns even after fire. Mycorrhizal and plant community composition, richness, and diversity were weakly but significantly correlated. These weak relationships and the distribution of fungi across plots suggest that the underlying driver of fungal community structure is pH, which is modified by fire severity. This study shows the importance of edaphic factors in determining fungal community structure at large scales, but suggests these patterns are mediated by interactions between fire and forest stand composition.
Angle-dependence of the levitation force from a frustum-shaped magnet and recessed superconducting bulk
Authors: Storey James , Badcock Rodney
Published: March 2021

IEEE The widespread application of superconducting magnetic levitation bearings is limited by their relatively low stiffness. Recently we investigated a novel thrust bearing geometry comprised of a conical frustum (or truncated cone) shaped permanent magnet levitating inside a matching tapered hole machined into a high-temperature superconductor bulk. This configuration was found to produce superior restoring forces and stiffness compared to the conventional cylindrical magnet and superconductor arrangement. Here, using H-formulation finite-element simulations, we evaluate the angle-dependence of the frustum on the levitation force. We find that the optimal angle is not universal, but depends on the mode of displacement as well as the frustum dimensions. Correlations with the incident magnetic flux are identified for estimating the angle best suited to the operating regime of the bearing.
Stiffness Enhancement of a Superconducting Magnetic Bearing Using Shaped YBCO Bulks
Authors: Storey James , Szmigiel M , Robinson F , Wimbush Stuart , Badcock Rodney
Published: March 2021

© 2002-2011 IEEE. High-speed superconducting motors and generators stand to benefit from superconductor magnetic levitation bearings if their stiffness characteristics can be improved. Here we investigate a novel thrust bearing geometry, comprising a conical frustum shaped permanent magnet and matching superconducting toroid and puck assembly, aimed at producing high stiffness coupled with high levitation force. To this end, we have constructed a bearing test rig enabling measurements of the levitation force and stiffness of the assembly of YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-\delta } melt-textured bulks and Nd_2Fe_{14}B permanent magnet at temperatures down to 47 K. The experimental results are supported by finite element modeling that is validated against the experiment, and used to quantify the advantages of this configuration over a conventional cylindrical magnet and HTS puck arrangement. For axial displacements, the assembly produces higher and more consistent stiffness together with stronger restoring forces. For lateral displacements, the assembly produces up to double the lateral force and up to four times the stiffness. Our study also shows that the force contribution to the assembly from the small inner puck is negligible and it can therefore be eliminated from the bearing design.
On the Effect of Through-Thickness Integration for the Blank Thickness and Ear Formation in Cup Drawing FE Analysis
Authors: ŞENER Bora , AKŞEN Toros Arda , FIRAT Mehmet
Published: March 2021

Various numerical parameters such as element size, mesh topology, element formulations effect the prediction accuracy of sheet metal forming simulations and wrong selection of these parameters can lead to inaccurate predictions. Therefore, selection of proper numerical parameters is crucial for obtaining of realistic results from finite element (FE) analyses. In the present work, influence of the number of through-thickness integration points from the numerical parameters was investigated on the cup drawing simulation. Highly anisotropic AA 2090-T3 aluminum alloy was selected as test material and the anisotropic behavior of the material was defined with Barlat 91 yield criterion. Firstly, cup drawing model was created with implicit code Marc and then FE analyses were performed with five, seven and nine layers to investigate the effect of number of through-thickness integration points. The computed earing profiles and thickness strain distributions were compared with measurements. Comparisons showed that it effects the maximum cup height and thickness strain distribution along the rolling direction.
A Numerical Investigation of The Fracture Energy of Materials for Fuel Cell End Plates
Authors: AVCU Adem , CHOUPANI Naghdalı , TÜCCAR Gökhan
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, with increasing energy requirements, the use of clean energy resources has become important. Fuel cells are an important key for clean energy technology due to wide range of utilization areas such as automotive, portable power applications, electricity generation, space, aviation and naval technologies. Additionally, they have many significant properties such as not producing harmful gases, therefore they do not cause environmental and chemical pollution. Besides, they have not any moving parts, also they do not produce noise. By comparison to fossil fuel, fuel cells have high efficiency that reaches up to 60% in appropriate conditions. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) has many advantages than other fuel cell types due to simple structure, higher efficiency and low operating temperature. PEMFC may consist of one or more stacks to generate more electricity. End plate of PEMFC holds together all parts of it. Therefore, the material selection for end plate is important to provide safe conditions. To use PEMFC safely, investigation of material fracture energy is required to decide that the material is in safe conditions or not. There are three fracture energy modes which are mode I, mode II and mode III. There are many methods to investigate failure of material at different modes. Unlike other methods, Arcan specimen gives facility to evaluate of mode I, mode II and mixed modes. The main purpose of this paper was to compare the results of fracture energy (stain energy release rate) of different materials for end plates in fuel cells. Another goal was to select a sutitable material was selected as PEMFC end plate.
Building Up Mathematical Modeling Using Spot Welding Parameters and Prediction Weld Nugget by Minitab
Authors: ÇEKİÇ İlhan , ÇAVDAR Kadir
Published: March 2021

In serial production, problems are constantly encountered in the selection of welding parameters due to the excess of welding parameters and variations. In order to compensate for these variations, mostly high energy flux is used. In this study, an approach developed in order to estimate weld nugget diameter in determining the welding parameters for sheets with a thickness of 0.6-3 mm is introduced. Minitab statistical program was used to create experimental data and mathematical operations. First of all, 7 source parameters were selected and experimental design (DOE) was carried out for 64 experiments using the ½ partition factorial method in Minitab software. With the experiments, real weld nugget diameters were obtained. These results were transferred to the Minitab software and the mathematical model of the system was established. Weld nugget diameter estimation procedures were carried out using the experimental design (DOE) data. Test and prediction data were transferred to Minitab software, regression graph was drawn and R-Sq and R-Sq (adj) values were calculated. In addition, samples were created with randomly selected data for verification and comparison was made by transferring them to Minitab. According to the results of this study, remarkable accuracy rates have been achieved in the weld nugget diameter estimation with Minitab.
Thermal Comfort in an Office Room Using Square Diffuser
Authors: YILDIRIM Alper , ÖZALP Coskun
Published: March 2021

The office is an important part of our daily life, people spend most of their time doing works inside of the office and therefore the quality of the indoor environment is a significant factor affecting the productivity and happiness of office users. Many factors ınfluence the pattern of airflow: indoor air quality, thermal comfort and energy saving in an office room. In this study, the effects of the square diffusers on thermal comfort investigated numerically for an office room. Numerical research was subsequently carried out using the validated CFD model. This model solved the continuity, energy conservation and momentum equations in addition to k–ε model equation for turbulence modelling. Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) is a frequently used tool for assessing human comfort rating. A PPD based control HVAC (Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning) system has the potential to provide enhanced thermal comfort inside a location by taking into consideration all main thermal comfort variables. The CFD results revealed that thermal conditions occurred according to ASHRAE standards in the model office room with a square diffuser.
Prevalence of exposure to violence and related factors among high school students in Turkey
Authors: Çatak Binali , Evran Multehan , Kaya Fadime , Evran Melek
Published: March 2021

Background: Exposure to violence during childhood can have an adverse effect on health and well-being. Aims: To determine the frequency of exposure to violence among ninth-grade high school students in Kars, Turkey, and violence-related factors. Also, to examine whether frequency of exposure to violence differed with respect to school type. Methods: We included 1730 ninth-grade high school students in Kars in this cross-sectional study that used stratification and cluster sampling methods, and 2 questionnaires. The first questionnaire was used to determine the socioeconomic and sociodemographic characteristics of the students. The second questionnaire was the Exposure to Violence Scale. χ2 and backward logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the independent variables among potential risk factors and exposure to violence. Results: Exposure to violence was found to have a prevalence of 65.8% among ninth-grade high school students. Binary analysis revealed that frequency of exposure to violence was differed significantly by type of high school, place of residence, type of family, and parents’ occupational status. Backward logistic regression showed that type of high school and type of family were risk factors for exposure to violence. Conclusion: The rates of exposure to violence were high among ninth-grade high school students in Kars. Preventive, protective and ameliorating intervention steps should be taken more seriously.