bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome: a novel neurodevelopmental genetic disorder
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Yushchuk O. , Ruda I. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Fedorenko V. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: June 2024

Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome is a recently discovered genetic disorder characterized by childhood apraxia of speech, delays in intellectual development, and a plethora of other neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., vision disorders, muscle atony, etc.). In most cases, Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome results from de novo mutations in the CHD3 gene, which encodes chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 3 (CHD3). However, the lite­rature also describes cases of inherited mutations in CHD3. In these cases, heterozygous parents carrying a mutant variant in the CHD3 gene may lack features of Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome or exhibit a mild manifestation of the syndrome, while their offspring, carrying the same CHD3 mutations in heterozygous form, exhibit a complete set of features of Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome. This phenomenon has yet to be clearly explained. Only two cases of Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome caused by homozygous CHD3 mutations have been described in the literature. Notably, the majority of described mutations in CHD3 are point missense mutations. CHD3 is a chromatin remodeling protein and a crucial component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex, which is important for gene regulation during brain development. The two-domain region of CHD3 with ATP-dependent helicase activity is the most important part of the protein. Although the majority of mutations causing Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome are found in the part of CHD3 encoding this region with ATP-dependent helicase activity, it has been impossible to draw a clear correlation between the localization of the mutations and the severity of the phenotype. To date, no documented cases of Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome have been reported in Ukraine. In this work, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the features of Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome to facilitate identification and genetic diagnostics of the syndrome.
Habitat transformation and its impact on zoobiota
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Tsaryk Y. , Reshetylo O. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ivanets O. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Nazaruk K. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Hnatyna O. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Shydlovskyy I. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Liesnik V. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: June 2024

The history of the use of the term “habitat” is considered. It is emphasized that this term refers to the habitat of a particular animal species or population and is determined by their ranges. The factors that lead to the destruction of habitats of many populations on the lowlands and in the highlands of the Ukrainian Carpathians are indicated. Attention is drawn to the degradation of mountain lakes and streams as habitats for aquatic hydrobionts. Among the factors that cause the destruction of habitats, the factors of both natural and anthropogenic origin are identified: climate change, absolute protection of territories, demutational processes, uncontrolled recreation activities, changes in traditional land use, water chemiсal composition and pollution, the appearance of invasive plants, urbanization, etc. The synergistic effect of these factors leads to rapid habitat change, and thus to the loss of adaptive capacity of individuals of different species to the changed conditions of their habi­tats. Among the objects of our study are such taxa as planktonic crustaceans (Cladocera), ants (Formicidae), lampreys (Cyclostomata), ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii), amphibians (Amphibia) and birds (Aves). It was found, in particular, that deciduous forest habitats are the most favorable for the existence of a significant diversity of ants. The mega-habitats for amphibians were identified as a complex of individual habitats that vary during the vegetation season and are connected by migration routes. The key habitat in Western Polissia, as an example, can be the Unychi wetland, which is home to a number of rare bird species. The nest-building behavior of birds under the influence of anthropogenic factors also undergoes changes - its species-specific appearance and composition of nesting materials are transformed in response to habitat pollution. In addition, the study showed that the use of invasive trees and shrubs for urban greenery has a negative impact on the diversity of urban bird fauna, as it paradoxically reduces the number of nesting and foraging habitats for birds. It is proposed to identify key habitats for the populations of rare and endangered animal species within the protected areas and on the non-protected ones, to indicate their locations and the type of management approach (protection, restoration, reconstruction, etc.).
The influence of new feed additives on the biochemical indicators of the blood of the Simmental breed in the conditions of Yakutia
Authors: Alekseeva N. , Borisova P. , Nikolaeva N. , Petrova S. , Rumyantseva T.
Published: June 2024

Purpose: to study the influence of new feed additives on the biochemical indicators of blood and the reproductive ability of the Simmental breed cows in Yakutia.

Materials and methods. Studies were conducted on the basis of Khorobut LLC Megino-Kangalassky District of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the Earel dairy reproduct. In the summer, animals grazed on natural pastures in an agricultural economy, and in winter they were kept in a dairy reproduction on a leash. The duration of scientific and economic experience was 238 days. Animals were divided into 3 groups of 10 goals in each, given their age and live weight. The content of animals in groups was the same. Feeding was carried out twice a day. In the stall period, animals of all groups received a balanced diet in accordance with the detailed feeding system. All groups were contained in the same conditions, with the same diet. Bolus for dry cows was introduced using a special applicator. The diets for experimental groups were the same in basic nutrients and developed by A.P. Kalashnikov and colleagues. To assess the state of the animal body during the experience, a study of blood biochemistry was carried out, including the content of uniform elements and micro-macroelements.

Results. The analysis of the data did not reveal statistically significant changes in the biochemical indicators of the blood during experiments. All blood parameters in all groups of animals remained within the limits of physiological norms both at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, without significant differences between groups. The results of the analysis of samples showed an increase in the level of total protein in the studied animals during experience. Although there were no statistically significant differences between the groups, there was only an increase in protein levels in the I-reserve group, while in the control and second groups this indicator remained stable throughout the experiment. Thus, the use of new feed additives for dry cows will adjust the metabolism and prevent productive disorders in their body.
Morphological adaptation features of yakut horses to extreme temperatures in the Arctic
Authors: Alferov I. , Sleptsov E. , Vinokurov I. , Savvinova M. , Nyukkanov A. , Rumyantseva T.
Published: June 2024

This article presents the results of the study of adaptive changes in hair cover in horses of Yakut breed of different populations, which contribute to the improvement of thermal insulation qualities in winter. In the study, it was found that horses of the Momsky population, in the period of severe cold weather, have the highest values of winter hair mass per 1 cm2 of skin (0.107 g) compared to the Amginsky population (0.070 g). In the first year of horses' life, hair growth is most intense and hair length reaches adult values by the age of 6 months. In Momsky horses, hair length is 37.5±0.5 mm and in Amginsky horses it is 46.0±0.68 mm. Long winter hair has adaptive value for foals of both populations. In summer, the average hair length in Amginsky foals is 5.54±0.04 mm, and in Momsky foals it is 6.0±0.8 mm. In the first winter, intensive hair growth is observed in Yakut horses, and the number of hairs per 1 cm2 of skin reaches the values of 1443±108 pcs/cm2 in Amginsky foals and 1812 ± 127 pcs/cm2 in Momsky foals. In summer, the thickest hairs with a diameter of about 53.4±1.40 μm were observed in Momsky foals and 53.1±1.0 μm in Amginsky foals. In winter, young foals from Mom ulus have absolute hair thickness values that are higher than those of young foals from Amga ulus. In winter, the thinnest hairs were observed in the Amginsky young stock, 55.3±1.2 µm, and in the Momsky young stock, 57.9±1.31 µm. In general, these results confirm the high thermal insulating ability of the hair coat in Yakut horses, which is an adaptation to the cold climate in Yakutsk horses.
The Value of Adjunctive Left Atrial Posterior Wall Isolation on Clinical Outcomes in Atrial Fibrillation Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Lianfeng , Geng Yu , Liu Yuanwei , Lv Tingting , Zhang Ping
Published: June 2024

Background: Although pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) remains the mainstream way of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. The left atrial posterior wall (LAPW) may contributes to the development of AF as an arrhythmogenic substrate. The efficacy of additional left atrial posterior wall isolation (LAPWI) beyond PVI is in AF patients remains undefined. This study explored the influence of posterior wall isolation (PWI) on clinical outcomes in AF patients. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies comparing the outcomes of AF with and without PWI. The efficacy outcomes were recurrence of all atrial arrhythmia (AA), atrial fibrillation (AF), and atrial flutter (AFL)/atrial tachycardia (AT). The safety outcomes were mainly focused on procedural adverse events. Results: A total of 16 studies (7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 3 prospective studies and 6 retrospective analyses) with 3340 AF patients were enrolled (1550 patients in PVI with PWI group and 1790 in PVI alone group). 12 studies included persistent atrial fibrillation patients, 3 studies with paroxysmal AF patients and 1 study with paroxysmal AF and persistent AF concurrently. Mean follow-up period was 16.56 months. In AF patients, adjunctive PWI obviously reduced the recurrence of all atrial arrhythmias (risk ratio (RR) 0.78 [95% CI 0.64–0.95], I2 = 79%, p = 0.01) and the recurrence of AF (RR 0.68 [95% CI 0.53–0.88], I2 = 75%, p = 0.004); Meanwhile, additional PWI left no impact substantially on lower recurrence of AFL/AT (RR 1.23 [95% CI 0.94–1.60], I2 = 49%, p = 0.12). The results seemed to be no significant differences in occurrence rate of procedural complications between the PVI only and PWI+PVI (RR 1.19 [95% CI 0.80–1.79], I2 = 0%, p = 0.39). In subgroup analyses, the benefit of adjunctive PWI compared with PVI only was more distinct in persistent AF group and cryoballoon ablation group. Notably, adjunctive PWI with radiofrequency ablation may induce a slight increase of recurrent AFL/AT compared with PVI only (RR 1.56 [95% CI 1.02–2.39], I2 = 30%, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Compared with PVI alone, additional PWI to PVI appeared to be associated with decreased recurrence of AF and atrial arrhythmias without an increased occurrence of procedural complications, especially in persistent AF patients. Cryoballoon ablation seemed more suitable for PWI compared with radiofrequency ablation. More RCTs are needed to verify the conclusion.
Implementation of national-cultural features and traditions of the Chinese ethnos in the development of the piano school in China: a retrospective
Authors: Yidan Mao
Published: June 2024

The article provides a historical analysis of the development of Chinese piano music culture, including the formation of professional piano education and the formation of the Chinese national pedagogical methodology for teaching the piano. The boundaries of the study are the period from the beginning of the 20th to the 21st centuries. The features of the embodiment of cultural, political, social events in the Chinese piano school, their influence on the development of piano art in the country are discussed.
Using social signals communicating information value to change curiosity
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Falk Emily B. , Lydon-Staley David M.
Published: June 2024

People have better memory for information they encounter when curious as compared to information they encounter when less curious. Given the importance of curiosity for learning, a key goal is to understand the conditions that facilitate curiosity. Inspired by social norms theory, which emphasizes that other people’s opinions can change the value of a wide range of objects, ideas and behaviors, the current study aimed to change curiosity by providing social signals communicating information value. Using a within-person design, participants (n = 300; mean age = 45.55 years) completed a Trivia Guessing Task in which trivia questions were presented under three conditions: high social value, low social value, and no indication of social value. During the task, participants rated their curiosity to know the answer to each question before they were shown the correct answers. Following a distraction phase, participants then completed a surprise Trivia Memory Task that tested their recall of the answers to the previously viewed trivia questions. Results indicated that, compared to trivia questions with no indication of social value, participants reported higher curiosity for trivia questions accompanied by a high social value signal, and lower curiosity for trivia questions accompanied by a low social value signal. Importantly, participants, across all social value conditions, were more likely to accurately recall the answers to trivia questions they reported being more curious to know the answer to during the Trivia Guessing Task. Taken together, social signals of value affect curiosity and do not undermine the memory-facilitating effect of curiosity.
No significant difference in salivary cortisol response resilience scores on the Trier Social Stress Test-Online based on coffee consumption habits
Authors: Ueno Masaharu
Published: June 2024

Background: Several medical studies have reported the beneficial effects of coffee consumption, whereas others suggest that these beneficial effects on psychological aspects are marginal. As the excessive consumption of caffeine in coffee may result in psychological risks, we hypothesized that people who habitually drink too much coffee would have lower resilience scores and higher acute stress responses. Methods: Adult Japanese men completed a questionnaire that included a resilience scale and Shikohin consumption habits. Experimental participants were recruited from the survey respondents and classified into three groups based on their coffee consumption per day: No Coffee, Low Coffee, and High Coffee. All participants were asked to join the Trier Social Stress Test-Online (TSST-OL), which measures subjective stress and salivary cortisol levels, at eight time points during the experiment. There were 16 participants in each group for the analysis. Results: Statistical analysis showed that both subjective stress and salivary cortisol levels significantly increased following TSST-OL exposure. However, there were no significant differences among the groups, and the hypotheses were not supported. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the effectiveness and stability of the TSST-OL. Additionally, coffee consumption habits were not significantly related to resilience scale scores or acute stress responses.
A Systematic Review of Theories Explaining the Relationship between Statistics Anxiety and Statistical Literacy
Authors: Terry Jenny , Field Andy Peter
Published: June 2024

Despite a negligible aggregate effect size, there is a prevailing narrative that statistics anxiety has a detrimental effect on statistics literacy. Without a cohesive theoretical framework, it is difficult to investigate variables that might explain why the observed relationship between statistics anxiety and statistic literacy is, on average, so small. This systematic review lays a foundation for such a framework by identifying, comparing, and evaluating relevant theories. We searched four databases and, following PRISMA guidelines, identified 56 relevant scientific reports of which 33 minimally evoked a theoretical explanation and were retained for review. The 11 theories mentioned were categorised into three types: Non-linear relationships (there is an optimal degree of statistics anxiety for statistical literacy test performance), motivational (the relationship is mediated and/or moderated by perceived control and/or value of statistics, which in turn influences learning behaviours), and cognitive-interference (statistics anxiety disrupts cognitive processes required for learning and/or recall). Only 18 studies tested the theories and almost all had severe methodological limitations, leaving a critical knowledge gap. An overlapping theoretical nomological network between statistics and mathematics anxieties emerged, suggesting that they could be the same construct. If so, the concept of statistics anxiety should be retired and insights from the more developed mathematics anxiety literature should be applied to statistics contexts just as they are to mathematics. We conclude that examining this potential overlap should be the field’s most urgent priority.
Transdiagnostic mental health symptom dimensions predict use of flexible model-based inference in complex environments
Authors: Wise Toby , Sookud Sirichat , Michelini Giorgia , mobbs dean
Published: June 2024

A key goal within computational psychiatry is to identify mechanisms underpinning symptom dimensions that cut across diagnostic categories. Complex, naturalistic, situations, such as the inference of others’ mental states and how to act accordingly (e.g., social interactions), is a common junction at which mental health symptoms emerge. Such patterns may reflect the breakdown of the fundamental computational processes that ordinarily underpin these behaviours, with the use of flexible goal-directed decision-making being a prime candidate. Here, we used a validated, naturalistic threat inference task to assess the use of goal-directed decision-making in complex interactive decision problems. Participants (n=1025) completed this task alongside a battery of self-report measures of mental health symptoms and neurodevelopmental characteristics. By performing hierarchical dimensionality reduction on symptom measures, we found that task behaviour was most clearly associated with fine-grained symptom dimensions, where higher scores on an inattentive/neurodevelopmental dimension predicted more accurate inferences and higher scores on an externalising dimension predicted poorer performance. Using computational modelling, we show that these associations are mediated by the degree to which individuals use goal-directed decision-making to make inferences about the predator’s behaviour. Our results suggest that symptoms and traits that manifest in complex, social environments may result from alterations in the use of complex computational mechanisms.
Rates of Spiritual Experience
Authors: Schille-Hudson Eleanor Brower , Weisman Kara , Luhrmann Tanya
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we carefully catalog the rates at which people report having spiritual experiences across five cultural contexts. By reporting these rates, organized by item and category, we learn something broader about spiritual experience and cognition itself. We find that there is structure, an architecture, of spiritual experience, where some experiences and some categories of experience are more common than others. We further find that culture shapes but does not determine this architecture of spiritual experience.
Evidence from aphasia suggests a bidirectional relationship between inner speech and executive function
Authors: Fama Mackenzie E , McCall Joshua , DeMarco Andrew , Turkeltaub Peter E.
Published: June 2024

Research over the past several decades has revealed that non-linguistic cognitive impairments can appear alongside language deficits in individuals with aphasia. One vulnerable cognitive domain is executive function, an umbrella term for the higher-level cognitive processes that allow us to direct our behavior towards a goal. Studies in healthy adults reveal that executive function abilities are supported by inner speech, the ability to use language silently in one’s head. Therefore, inner speech may mediate the connection between language and executive function deficits in individuals with aphasia.Here, we investigated whether inner speech ability links language and cognitive impairments in 59 adults with chronic, post-stroke aphasia. We used two approaches to measure inner speech: one based on internal retrieval of words and one based on internal retrieval plus silent manipulation of the retrieved phonological forms. Then, we examined relationships between these two approaches to measuring inner speech and five aspects of executive function ability: response inhibition, conflict monitoring/resolution, general task-switching ability, phonological control, and semantic control. We also looked for dissociations between inner speech ability and executive function ability.Our results show tentative relationships between inner speech and all aspects of executive function examined in the study. The most consistent relationships were found between executive function and measures of inner speech that require both retrieval and manipulation of internal representations of words (e.g., silent picture-pair rhyme judgment). We also found evidence for a double dissociation: many participants show intact executive function despite poor inner speech, and vice versa, so neither process is strictly reliant on the other. We suggest that this work provides preliminary evidence of a bidirectional relationship between inner speech and executive function: inner speech supports some aspects of executive function via internal self-cueing and certain aspects of executive function support performance on complex inner speech tasks.
Validation of the Swiss Psychedelic Side Effects Inventory: Standardized assessment of adverse effects in studies of psychedelics and MDMA
Authors: Calder Abigail , Hasler Gregor
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Studies of psychedelic-assisted therapy with LSD, psilocybin, MDMA, and related substances show clinical promise but inadequately assess side effects. Measuring side effects is challenging because they are not always easily differentiated from treatment effects or disease symptoms and show high heterogeneity, variable duration and impact, and sensitivity to context. A systematic questionnaire describing important characteristics of side effects of psychedelics and MDMA would greatly improve on previous methods. We aimed to create a standardized tool for recording clinically relevant side effects of psychedelics and MDMA, including their severity, duration, impact, and treatment-relatedness.Methods: We constructed the Swiss Psychedelic Side Effects Inventory (SPSI) based on insights from previous research. It was pilot tested in 145 participants from three studies. Structured feedback from an expert panel was used to improve validity and feasibility. Results: The final SPSI contains 32 side effects and standardized follow-up questions about their severity, impact, treatment-relatedness, and duration. It is compatible with any study design and can be administered as an interview or self-report at any timepoint after treatment with psychedelics or MDMA.Limitations: The SPSI omits relatively unimportant side effects for brevity’s sake, though space for additional symptoms is given. Future studies are needed to confirm its validity in different contexts.Conclusions: The SPSI is available in English and German for collecting systematic data on side effects from psychedelics and MDMA. This information is vital for improving clinical decisions, informed consent, and patient safety.
Appalachian Social Cohesion: Interviewing, Engagement and Participant Observation in Rural Appalachian Media Markets
Authors: Perreault Mildred F , Perreault Gregory P
Published: June 2024

Appalachia is a region in the eastern United States which stretches from northern Mississippi to New York and into Canada. According to the Appalachian Regional Commission, it includes 13 states and more than 206,000 square miles (Appalachian Regional Commission, no date). In Appalachian Studies, the concept of radical resourcefulness is both descriptive and prescriptive: it reflects the radically impoverished resources the people of Appalachia need work with and yet prescribes a form of resourcefulness that allows people to create something from nothing (Carey 2020). Prior research reflects that when radical resourcefulness can be employed, individuals can weather seemingly insurmountable conditions and work in a pro-social manner (Perreault & Richards, 2022; Richards & Perreault, 2021). When scholars research communities in which they are based, they are granted insights which outsiders might not have, but at the same time they must use grounded thought and reflexivity to address research bias. This chapter additionally provides insight in working with smaller, historically impoverished and marginalized populations and rethinking research saturation through multi-step research designs. This knowledge is useful to both journalists and communications professionals who regularly interact with or pitch to Appalachian journalists and news organizations.
Analyzing Political Polarization by Topic
Authors: Paron Tucker , Thompson Harrison
Published: June 2024

The United States political climate is widely considered polarized and increasingly so since the 2016 presidential election where Donald Trump was elected for a 4-year term. Many consider social media to be a driving factor of this polarization, accelerating the process through platforming hate speech, misinformation, and other negative practices. While some of this may be true, social media can serve as a legitimate means of information transmission and provides data that can be used to analyze the opinions and sentiment of the general public. This study aims to use the data of Twitter, perhaps the most prominent media for news, to examine the perceived polarity of certain political topics using recent Tweets about each topic.
Review of “Mary Wollstonecraft and Political Economy: The Feminist Critique of Commercial Modernity” by Catherine Packham
Authors: Santori Paolo
Published: June 2024

Review of “Mary Wollstonecraft and Political Economy: The Feminist Critique of Commercial Modernity” by Catherine Packham.
Consensus Memo Responding to Initial Proposals for Updating OMB’s Race and Ethnicity Statistical Standards (Federal Register 2023-01635)
Authors: López Nancy , Irizarry Yasmiyn , Vargas Edward
Published: June 2024

This consensus memo represents our collective, transdisciplinary response to the Office ofManagement and Budget’s call for comments on initial proposals to (1) collect race and ethnicity information using one combined question; (2) add “Middle Eastern or North African” (MENA) as a new minimum category; and (3) require the collection of detailed race and ethnicity categories by default.
What Do Platform Workers Think?: Analysis of Truck Drivers’ Perspectives on Digital Platforms Using GPT-4
Authors: Song Qi , Jia Kai
Published: June 2024

This study examines platform workers’ experiences and perspectives about digital platforms in the Chinese freight transportation industry based on a large dataset of self-employed truck drivers’ online discussions. Utilizing the state-of-the-art large language model (LLM), GPT-4 by OpenAI, this article creates a novel topic generation framework, Sequential Abstraction, to analyze the topics of concern among truck drivers. Additionally, this study employs GPT-4 to perform sentiment analysis and topic classification tasks, which achieve accuracy rates of 78.13% and 79.17%, respectively, with manually labeled results as benchmarks. The research results highlight the significant economic insecurities Chinese truck drivers face when finding gigs on digital platforms. This study contributes to existing platform work literature by examining workers’ real-time, spontaneous voices surrounding digital platforms. This study advocates for further uncovering the potential of LLMs in facilitating descriptive and explanatory social science research.
Scoping Review Protocol - Discrimination and Civic Engagement
Authors: Müssig Stephanie , Okrug Inken
Published: June 2024

Immigrants, especially Muslims, are targets of discriminatory acts and practices in European and North American countries they live in (Thijssen et al. 2022; Riach and Rich 2002). Various studies highlight the negative impact of discrimination on the lives of those who experience or perceive discrimination against them. Among the negative consequences are physical and mental health problems, a reduction of life satisfaction and quality of life, as well as a withdrawal from social and political life (Bertrand and Duflo 2017). At the same time, research shows that discriminatory experiences can motivate people to work on the provision of collective goods. They work on social change to lessen discriminatory circumstances and to improve living conditions for all immigrants in their societies. A key instrument to tackle this is civic engagement (Agostini and van Zomeren 2021). To date, no systematic overview over the body of literature on the link between discrimination and civic engagement exists, nor is there an appraisal of the usage of concepts and statistical instruments. Our research aims are to take systematic stock of the academic journal literature on discrimination and civic engagement; to investigate how researchers conceptualise and measure discrimination and civic engagement and whether they take different forms of both into account; to assess how scholars represent the link between discrimination and civic engagement in their statistical analyses.
Consequence of Retirement on Divorce
Authors: Furuya Shiro
Published: June 2024

Much research in sociology has explored the relationship between work status and the risk of divorce; however, this body of research has not systematically expanded to the relationship between retirement and the risk of gray divorce—divorce involving those aged 50 and above. Even less is known about how the transition from a non-retiree to a retiree affects the risk of gray divorce. Using a fuzzy regression discontinuity design with the data from 1992 to 2020 rounds of the Health and Retirement Study, the current study attempts to identify the local average treatment effect of retirement on the risk of gray divorce among those induced to retire by the eligibility for Social Security retirement benefits. Results show that retirement induced by the eligibility for Social Security retirement benefits reduces the risk of gray divorce. This negative local average treatment effect of retirement is more pronounced for men and more recent birth cohorts than for women and older birth cohorts.
Economic incentives and the return of rejected asylum-seekers
Authors: Andersson Henrik , Jutvik Kristoffer , Martén Linna
Published: June 2024

The return and reintegration of rejected asylum seekers is a growing concern, not least following the migration flows in the summer of 2015. In general, only a third of individuals with negative asylum decisions are estimated to have returned to their origin countries in recent years. We provide the first causal evaluation of a specific policy aimed at incentivizing the return of rejected asylum-seekers, namely a cash grant given to those who return to their home countries on their own. We use individual level administrative data from Sweden and implement a regression discontinuity design, which leverages that the eligible nationalities have changed over time. Our estimate suggests that being informed about the cash grant increased the take-up rate and subsequently the share who returned on their own, within 2 to 5 years. However, the overall take-up rate is low. We find no evidence of adverse selection, as there is no increase in applications after the introduction of cash the grants.
El impacto de la deuda pública externa en la desigualdad económica en Latinoamérica. Un análisis para el período 2000-2020
Authors: Sarmiento Moscoso Santiago , Aguirre Salas Martina , Trelles Cabrera Samantha
Published: June 2024

El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar el efecto de la deuda pública externa sobre la desigualdad económica en América Latina en el período 2000-2020 mediante la estimación del modelo econométrico de datos de panel. Los datos fueron obtenidos especialmente del Banco Mundial y del Programa de las Naciones Unidas. Se utilizaron como variables instrumentales el índice de percepción de la corrupción, el Índice de Desarrollo Humano, la tasa de participación laboral y el Producto Interno Bruto.  Entre los principales hallazgos se verificó que la deuda pública afecta de forma directa a la desigualdad, con efectos significativos de variables como el PIB y el índice de desarrollo humano. Sin embargo, las variables explicativas como la tasa de participación laboral y el índice de corrupción no fueron significativos, lo que evidencia la importancia de dinamizar la economía en aspectos fundamentales como la renegociación de la deuda externa que permita una mejor asignación de recursos y permita fortalecer políticas de generación de empleos que fortalezcan los ingresos y bienestar de la región latinoamericana.
URL: https://revistas.uta.edu.ec/erevista/index.php/bcoyu/article/view/2239
A Note on Cost Benefit Analysis
Authors: Pyakuryal Bishwambher
Published: June 2024

Not Available.
Role of Experience and Knowledge on Perception of Risk
Authors: Hamal Krishna Bahadur
Published: June 2024

Not Available.
Awareness and Perception of Sexual Harassment among Female Adolescent Students
Authors: Shrestha Alina , Bajracharya Shanti
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Sexual harassment is the unwanted sexually determined behavior such as physical contact, making sexual comments, and sexual pressure whether by verbal or non-verbal actions. Sexual harassment among school adolescent girls is high, they choose to be silent after victimization without reporting due to a lack of awareness. The perception reflecting the apathy our society feels toward sexual harassment is indicated throughout our culture. The objective of the study was to find out the awareness and perception of sexual harassment among female adolescent students.
Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was used. Total enumerative sampling technique was used with the total sample size of 139 female adolescent students. Data was collected by using semi-structured, self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze and interpret the findings using SPSS version 16.
Result: The findings of the study revealed that more than one-fourth (28.1%) of the respondents had a high level of awareness, nearly two-thirds (61.9%)  had an average level of awareness and 10 %  had a low level of awareness. Cent percent of the respondents had negative perceptions regarding sexual harassment. There was significant association found between levels of awareness on sexual harassment with the respondents’ parents level of education (p <0.05).
Conclusion: The present study concluded that students had average level of awareness and negative perceptions on sexual harassment. Therefore, the awareness program regarding sexual harassment should be conducted with the maximum involvement of female adolescent students.
Comparative Analysis of Preoperative Ultrasonography Reports with Intraoperative Findings in Cholelithiasis
Authors: Shrestha Mukunda Singh , Pant Sujit , Rayamajhi Bikash Bahadur , Khadka Milan , Khadka Ramesh , Lamsal Sudesh
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Cholecystectomy is a popular surgical intervention for cholelithiasis. Preoperative abdominal ultrasonography is helpful for diagnosis and prediction of possible surgical complications. This research was planned to correlate the preoperative abdominal ultrasonography findings with intraoperative findings and complications.
Methods: A hospital based retrospective study was conducted among 300 patients visiting Surgery Department and Department of Radiology of Shree Birendra Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Descriptive statistics was used to present the comparative analysis of preoperative ultrasonography reports with intraoperative surgical findings in cholecystectomy.
Results: Total 300 participants were who were diagnosed by ultrasonography and underwent cholecystectomy were included in the study. Complications were reported among 110 subjects with adhesions in 20%, mucoceles in 7.3%, empyema in 8%, and impacted stone in 1.3.%. Out of 75 patients in which preoperative USG reports showed increased GB wall thickness, 17 (22.6%) had adhesions, 10 had mucoceles (1.3%), eight had empyema (10.6%), one had impacted stone (1.3%) and three had hemorrhage (4%).
Conclusion: The most reliable preoperative abdominal ultrasonography indicators of a challenging cholecystectomy are gall bladder wall thickness, impacted gall stones, adhesion and hemorrhage.
Caracterización de los hábitos y estilos de vida saludables en estudiantes universitarios de Tunja, Colombia
Authors: Vargas Rodríguez Ledmar Jovanny , Hernández Becerra Ángela Camila , Escobar Villarreal Lisseth Dayanna , Alemán Gualdron Juan Sebastián , Ortiz Báez Natalia , Acosta Pérez Camila Andrea
Published: June 2024

Introduction: healthy lifestyles are behaviors based on the interaction between conditions in a broad sense, and individual patterns determined by sociocultural factors and personal characteristics. Objective: to quantify the lifestyle habits of a university population. Methodology: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, including Universidad de Boyacá students aged 18 to 29 years. Results: of 248 subjects included, 38.7% had healthy lifestyle habits and 57.26% were females. Discussion: overall, said students did not have good nutrition habits, took high-calorie unbalanced diets and did not get enough physical activity despite being aware of their beneficial effects on their health. Besides, a high alcohol and tobacco consumption was evidenced among these youngsters. Conclusions: thus, there is the need to develop novel and creative health programs promoting heathy lifestyles among university students.
Satir Resistensi Kebijakan Covid 19 Di Twitter
Authors: Irwanto Irwanto , Hariatiningsih Laurensia Retno , Ningtyas Dito Anjasmoro
Published: June 2024

This paper is motivated to reveal the satirical messages of netizens on Twitter social media regarding their resistance to Covid 19 policies and rules. Descriptive qualitative is used as a method to answer the main problem in this research. The research subjects were determined through purposive techniques on satirical tweets of netizens regarding Covid 19 policies and rules. Data analysis is carried out with MAK Halliday's social semiotics and the elaboration of the results with the theory used. Through this method, researchers can find out, understand and comprehensively describe the satirical messages about Covid 19 policies and rules constructed by netizens. In this context, the satirical messages constructed in netizen tweets are part of the creativity in message packaging. The communication symbols used are diverse. Communication motives in the form of criticism or suggestions, ideas, and opinions of netizens can be packaged in the form of satire. It takes enough reasoning and knowledge to be able to digest the full meaning of satire. Constructing messages with satire is an alternative choice so that messages can be effective, received comfortably, and avoid legal sanctions.
Analisis Framing Media Online Kompas.com dan CNN Indonesia Pada Pemberitaan Konflik Hamas Dan Israel
Authors: Raihan Alrasyid Fikri , Prasetyo Jati Rocky
Published: June 2024

Konflik antara Palestina dan Israel telah menjadi isu yang terus-menerus diberitakan oleh media massa, baik di tingkat nasional maupun internasional. Banyak berita yang mencakup artikel, dokumenter, ruang diskusi di media, dan berbagai sumber lain yang bertujuan untuk membantu pemahaman tentang konflik ini. Berita mengenai konflik ini dipublikasikan oleh berita online Kompas.com dan CNN Indonesia, yang tentunya memiliki penyajian berita yang berbeda dari sudut pandang dan tujuannya. Peneliti akan mengkaji perbedaan penyajian berita dengan menggunakan konsep analisis framing dari Robert N. Entman yang terdiri dari Define Problems, Diagnose Causes, Make Moral Judgement dan Treatment Recommendation. Peneliti akan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan perpektif paradigma kronstruktivis untuk mengetahui bagaimana setiap individu memersepsi realitas dengan latar belakang yang berbeda dengan menganalisis framing konflik Hamas-Israel dari media online Kompas.com dan CNN Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kesamaan antara media Kompas.com dan CNN Indonesia yang mefokuskan masalah utama pada serangan roket Hamas ke Israel yang memicu konflik.
Membangun Brand Positioning Melalui Komunitas Daring
Authors: Prastari Aprilina
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk melihat bagaimana pemilik brand memanfaatkan komunitas dalam membangun brand positioning. Komunitas yang dipilih dalam penelitian ini adalah komunitas yang lebih banyak menggunakan social media dalam berpromosi atau melakukan kegiatan komunikasi dengan target marketnya. Selain untuk membangun brand positioning, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana pemilik brand mengelola komunitas dan menggerakkan anggota-anggota komunitas untuk mempromosikan merek tersebut ke luar komunitas. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa untuk membangun brand positioning yang kuat, pemilik brand perlu mengomunikasikannya secara jelas dan konsisten, memiliki daya saing dibanding kompetitornya dan kredibel. Dalam mengelola komunitas online, pemilik brand juga perlu memerhatikan kualitas isi sehingga bermanfaat bagi anggota-anggotanya.
Strategi Komunikai Mamak Pusako dalam Sosialisasi Arisan Pusako dan Sumando di Kampung Sungai Rantai Nagari Sungai Sirah Kec. Sungai Geringging
Authors: Murni Ayu Lastri , Fajri Muhamad
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini berfokus pada strategi komunikasi mamak pusako dalam sosialisasi arisan pusako dan sumando di kampung sungai rantai nagari sungai sirah kuranji hulu kecamatan sungai geringging. Kampung Sungai Rantai merupakan Masyarakat kampung Sungai Rantai pada umumnya memiliki profesi sebagai petani atau pekebun, karena banyaknya peninggalan lahan di daerah tersebut. Untuk mengelola lahan yang ada, tentunya masyarakat membutuhkan bibit, pupuk dan alat pertanian lainnya untuk menjalankan perekonomian masyarakat setempat serta membentuk kelompok tani.  Riset ini memakai metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggambarkan peristiwa di lapangan. Melihat hasil penyelidikan tersebut, peneliti menemukan prosedur korespondensi yang digunakan Mamak Pusako dalam melakukan sosialisasi menggunakan lima tahapan komunikasi meliputi: Awareness, Interest, Desire, Desicion, dan Action. Dalam pengaaplikasiannya, lima tahapan yang digunakan berhasil merangkul masyarakat untuk ikut serta dalam Arisan Pusako dan Sumando tersebut, dan juga didorong oleh beberapa faktor pendukung yang telah dihasilkan dari Arisan Pusako dan Sumado tersebut.
Kegagalan Komunikasi Antarbudaya Suku Dayak dan Madura pada Konflik Sampit Tahun 2001
Authors: Ansori Arif
Published: June 2024

Kegagalan komunikasi antarbudaya merupakan fenomena yang kerap terjadi dalam ranah multikultural. Hal ini berpotensi menimbulkan kesalahpahaman yang bermuara pada konflik antarbudaya. Contoh konflik antarbudaya di Indonesia adalah konflik antara suku Dayak dan suku Madura di Sampit tahun 2001. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab dan dampak kegagalan komunikasi antarbudaya suku Dayak dan suku Madura di Sampit tahun 2001. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi pustaka, data diperoleh melalui sumber sekunder berupa buku maupun artikel jurnal yang terkait dengan penelitian. Hasil penelitian mengungkap penyebab kegagalan komunikasi antarbudaya antara kedua suku meliputi kurangnya pengetahuan akan suatu etnis, akumulasi konflik berkepanjangan, kurangnya penerapan komunikasi empatik, serta kegagalan pemerintah dalam mengkaji kebijakan transmigrasi. Dampak yang ditimbulkan dari kegagalan komunikasi antarbudaya meliputi dampak kemanusian berupa korban jiwa serta ratusan ribu penduduk harus mengungsi. Dampak sosial berupa memburuknya hubungan suku Dayak dan suku Madura. Dampak ekonomi berupa kerusakan infrastruktur dan sumber daya alam.
Network Society: Budaya Komunikasi Virtual Masyarakat Betawi Modern
Authors: Hayati Suryaning , Aidin Nurul
Published: June 2024

Suku Betawi sebagai kelompok etnis lokal Jakarta sering kali dianggap inferior. Steoretip latar belakang pendidikan rendah, level ekonomi menengah kebawah, gagap teknologi, dan stereotip negatif lainnya yang menjadikan suku ini tidak memiliki eksistensi di banyak aspek kehidupan. Di tengah modernisasi perangkat komunikasi dan teknologi, seluruh lapisan masyarakat dituntut untuk memiliki literasi digital serta kemampuan menggunakan fitur-fitur aplikasi pelayanan maupun memiliki kecakapan dalam berkomunikasi melalui jejaring sosial. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui budaya komunikasi virtual masyarakat Betawi modern dalam kerangka masyarakat jaringan. Metode yang digunakan adalah etnografi virtual. Data primer diperoleh dari in-dept interview dan observasi pada akun Instagram @nyak_kopsah dan akun Tiktok dan Instagram @suryadanna. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa konten kreator menyebarkan logika pesan melalui spesifikasi konten. Masing-masing akun memiliki budaya masyarakat jaringan dengan karakteristik yang berbeda yang disebabkan oleh ciri khas konten. Akun @suryadanna  spesifik pada konten “Jakarta dengan Atmosfer Korea”. Pesan yang disampaikan melibatkan perasaan, ekspresi, dan emosi yang terfokus pada audiens yang didorong oleh latar video, alur cerita, dan lagu yang mewakili pesan. Pada akun @nyak_kopsah menceritakan “realitas kehidupan” melalui isu-isu kehidupan masyarakat Betawi, pesan disampaikan dengan mengutamakan ekspresi, logat, suara, dan mimik sebagai Nyak Kopsah. Modernitas masyarakat jaringan terlihat pada akun @suryadanna yang menggambarkan kota Jakarta sebagai kota metropolitan yang indah. Budaya komunikasi yang terbentuk dapat dilihat dari audiens pada kedua akun yang saling berinteraksi dan memodifikasi satu sama lain berdasarkan pertukaran makna.
Kajian Interaksi Simbolik Wanita Karir (Studi Fenomenologi terhadap Pengguna Eyelash Extention dan Nail Art)
Authors: Habibah Andi Nurul , Rahayu Hilda Sri
Published: June 2024

Wanita dengan keinginannya untuk tampil menarik, bukan hanya sekedar untuk disukai atau diakui, tetapi merupakan bagian dari bagaimana mereka memandang diri mereka sendiri. Penggunaan layanan eyelash extention dan nail art saat ini tidak hanya dianggap sebagai langkah penampilan fisik semata, tetapi juga merupakan upaya individu dalam memperkuat konsep diri mereka di lingkungan sosial dan juga menjadi solusi praktis bagi wanita yang ingin terlihat menarik. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk melihat bagaimana teori interaksi simbolik termanifestasi melalui penggunaan eyelash extension dan nail art. Adapun dalam penelitian ini, akan digunakan metode penelitian kualitatif-fenomenologis dan dianalisis secara deskriptif melalui teknik pengumpulan data wawancara mendalam (in-depht interview), observasi partisipatif, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian akan menyoroti asumsi teori interaksi simbolik serta hubungan antara konsep pikiran (mind), konsep diri (self), dan masyarakat (society) dalam penggunaan layanan kecantikan.