bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pragmatic features of enthymemes in advertising texts
Authors:   Francisk Skorina Gomel State University, Kirushkina Anna A. , Chalova Oksana N. ,   Francisk Skorina Gomel State University
Published: November 2024

The article discusses the advertising text as a form of mass communication. The latter remains one of the leading means of advertising distribution and therefore one of the main areas of advertising texts’ functioning. The authors of the article
consider the features of the argumentation process as a way of speech influence using the enthymeme as a kind of simple categorical syllogism (on the basis of advertissing texts). The choice of such an object of research is motivated by the fact that the logic of advertising texts (in the structure of which something is often intentionally omitted in order to attract potential consumers’ attention) is the logic of enthymemes as complex, multilevel semantic and speech structures that are one of the basic principles and conditions of text generation in advertising. At the same time, enthymemes in advertising discourse often acquire specific characteristics, which allows the authors to distinguish two types of enthymemes: classical (traditional) and actually advertising (extended). Observing functional aspects of advertising enthymemes enables the authors to conclude about their high pragmatic potential, which consists in the ability of the phenomenon under consideration to have a specific impact on the addressee, coordinate his or her actions (namely, to encourage the consumer of advertising to commit a certain commercial transaction, purchase goods or order services) and which, as the authors believe, can be specified in the form of a complex of interrelated and interdependent functions. At the same time, the authors focus only on those functions that are due to the specifics of the semantics of the phenomenon under study, namely, the presence of implicit semantic components in it, as well as the ratio of the explicit and the implicit. Taking into account the nature of the correlation of the explicit and the implicit helps us identify eight main functions of advertising enthymemes: imperative, manipulative, argumentative, dialogic, compression, evaluative-expressive, accentual, and aesthetic (the leading of which is imperative). The widest pragmatic possibilities of enthymemes make them a popular tool of persuasion in the marketing world and a highly efficient instrument of speech influence on the addressee in order to purposefully change his or her behavior.
Imperative constructions in the Charter of Military, Cannon and Other Matters Relating to Military Science
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Rudnev Dmitriy V. ,   St Petersburg State University
Published: November 2024

The Charter of Military, Cannon and Other Matters Relating to Military Science, compiled in the first quarter of the 17th century by Anisim Radishevsky, a master of the Moscow Print Yard, was a scientific and educational text that contained information about the organization of the army, the construction, defense and siege of military camps and fortifications, the construction and use of artillery, the manufacture and use of explosives, and other information related to military science. The text was based on a selective translation of the second volume of Leonahrd Fronspeger’s military treatise “Kriegsbuch” (1573). The translator of the German text was faced with the task, firstly, of adequately transferring German (and, more broadly, European) scientific and military terminology into Russian, and, secondly, of selectiing imperative constructions, with the help of which the addressee was instructed. The article studies the ways of translating German imperative constructions into Russian, with the help of which the reader was instructed. In the course of the analysis, productive instructive models were identified (the imperative, the independent infinitive and the verb dovestis’ + the infinitive) and rarer ones: the verb podobat’, lexemes with the root - nadob- (nadobet’, nadobe, etc.), lexemes with the root -god- (godit’sya, zgodit’sya, prigodit’sya, goden, gozhe, etc.), modal words dobro, dolzhen, dolzhno, dovlet’, dostoyat’, slushno, etc. in combination with the infinitive of the prescribed action. Comparison of instructive models in Russian and German texts made it possible to conclude that there is a partial correspondence between them. The imperative in the Russian text almost always corresponds to the imperative in the source text, the verbs dovestis’, podobat’ usually correspond to the German sollen; the words with the root - nadob- and the adverb slushno are most often used to translate gehören, gehörig; the words with the root -god- often appear in place of the German vonnöten, the verb dostoyat’ in place of gebühren. However, the revealed correlation is not rigid. When translating the German verb müssen, the modal words dovestis’, words with the root - nadob-, the adverb dolzhno, the verb dovlet’, etc. were used. The absence of a distinct correlation is clearly manifested when using the infinitive, which corresponds to the German constructions with the verbs sollen, müssen; when translating the infinitive, imperative and other models. On the whole, it can be concluded that the translator, whenever possible, tried to convey various German imperative models into Russian in different ways, using a variety of modal vocabulary.
Effect of Spray Drying on Physico-Chemical and Functional Properties of Food Component Utilizing Different Carriers as Encapsulating Agents
Authors: Neelam Kumari , Ranjana Verma , Nilakshi Chauhan , Farhan Mohiuddin Bhat
Published: November 2024

A common method for preserving fruit and vegetable juices in powder form is spray drying. Achieving high-quality fruit and vegetable powders is the main goal, which necessitates optimising spray drying conditions. Sensitive bioactive compounds are harmed by high drying temperatures; however, carrier agents shield these compounds, and other spray-drying-related variables impact the product’s physicochemical and microstructural characteristics. Encasing liquids into powders through spray drying is a popular and affordable method that can enhance product handling and preserve food constituents like lipids, carotenoids, tastes, and bioactive substances. In the food sector, encapsulation is the process of shielding food bioactives inside a tiny capsule for later release at specific locations. In addition to protecting delicate food ingredients, the carrier agents used for encapsulation may also preserve tastes and lessen volatility and reactivity. It’s a technology that shows promise for maintaining nutritional value while enhancing the solubility and oxidative stability of the active ingredient. A thorough knowledge of the characteristics and influence of the carrier material is essential to achieving those goals. The present review focuses on the potential applications of different carriers as encapsulating agents in the preservation of functional bioactive compounds and food ingredients by spray drying technology. The process of spray drying wraps bioactive substances in porous particles. Heat-sensitive compounds can be used with this procedure because of its short drying time. Thus spray drying can be used as an essential tool in the encapsulation of a diverse range of food materials retaining their functional and nutraceutical characteristics.
Development of Machine Learning Based Product Collection Creation and Recommendation System
Authors: Erdem Çetin , Murat Berker Özbek , Sezin Biner , Ceren Ulus , M Fatih Akay
Published: November 2024

E-commerce has become increasingly popular in recent years and is growing at a dynamic pace. In this sector, maximizing customer satisfaction and increasing sales volumes are of great importance. Developing sales strategies aligned with customer interest is crucial. The aim of this study is to develop a system that enables the creation and recommendation of collections using machine learning-based methods. To achieve this, models were developed using machine learning techniques including DT, LR, XGBoost, LightGBM, RF, and ANN. These models were designed to predict the popularity of collections, rank them on product detail pages and homepages, and provide personalized collection rankings. The performance of the developed models was evaluated using the metrics R^2, MSE, and MAE. The results indicate that the XGBoost Regressor model demonstrates the most successful prediction performance. The developed system led to a 5% increase in the time spent by the customers on the application and a 10% increase in the number of product clicks.
Eye Tracking in Neuropsychological Research of Visual Gnosis Features in Children with Hearing Impairment
Authors: Smirnova Y.K. , Grigorova Ju.E. , Gordeeva L.N.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of assessing the state of visual gnosis in children with hearing impairment in order to identify possible mechanisms for compensating for uneven development of mental functions and assessing the possibilities of remedial education. We combined the research potential of the classical neuropsychological approach with the eye-tracking methodology in order to study in detail through eye movements the uneven development of auditory, visual and verbal functions in information processing in children with hearing impairment. The task was to conduct not only a classical neuropsychological assessment of visual gnosis in children with hearing impairment, but also to obtain new data on eye tracking during neuropsychological tests. The study involved cochlearly implanted preschoolers with hearing impairment (N=15) and typically developing preschoolers (N=16) aged 5 to 7 years (M=6.1; SD=0.5). At the first stage, classical neuropsychological tests for visual gnosis were conducted, at the second stage, eye tracking was used to record eye movements during neuropsychological tests by preschoolers. Our study confirms the weakness of visual information processing processes during neuropsychological tests in children with hearing impairment. Analysis of eye movement strategies recorded by the eye tracker during neuropsychological tests allowed us to identify a number of features of visual information processing in children with hearing impairment: chaotic search, changes in the recognition sequence, decreased noticeability (“recognizability”) of images or decreased interest (duration of fixations and viewing), weakness of the holistic strategy and synthesis, fragmentation of perception. The duration of the scanning path, spatial density of fixations, scanning regularity, and scanning direction during image recognition differ. Features of the visual search strategy are observed in the number of switches, fixation time, and patterns of gaze transitions between areas of interest. In children with impairments, when performing tests for visual gnosis, an increase in the time of fixations is recorded, which indicates the cognitive complexity of perception. The combination of weakness in the processing of auditory and visual information leads to diffuseness, incorrectness of the correlation of the image of an object and its verbal designation due to the poverty of the vocabulary of children with hearing impairments.
Simultaneous bilateral avascular necrosis of the humerus and femur in long COVID-19: a case report
Authors: Bakır Mesut , Rumeli Şebnem
Published: November 2024

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has prompted the widespread use of corticosteroids as a treatment strategy, particularly in cases of severe pneumonia and cytokine storm. While this therapy has saved countless lives, its side effects have also been well-documented, including the development of avascular necrosis.
Case presentation. This case report presents a rare instance of simultaneous bilateral avascular necrosis (AVN) affecting both the humeral and femoral heads in a 49-year-old male patient recovering from severe COVID-19. The patient was treated with high-dose corticosteroids, receiving 1250 mg of prednisolone over five days during hospitalization for COVID-19 pneumonia. Six months after discharge, he developed persistent hip pain, which was later diagnosed as AVN in both femoral heads. During hyperbaric oxygen therapy, the patient reported new shoulder pain, and MRI confirmed stage III AVN in both humeral heads. The patient’s pain was managed with bilateral suprascapular nerve radiofrequency ablation and bilateral Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) blocks, which provided significant relief.
Conclusions. This case emphasizes the potential for corticosteroid-induced AVN, even months after treatment, and underscores the need for long-term monitoring of patients receiving corticosteroids for COVID-19. The involvement of four major joints highlights the severe musculoskeletal complications that can arise, supporting the importance of early diagnosis and timely intervention for pain relief.
Lymphocyte apoptosis in patients with coronavirus infection COVID-19
Authors: Khaertynov Khalit S. , Boichuk Sergey V. , Anokhin Vladimir A. , Galembikova Aigul R. , Evdokimova Arina E.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Lymphopenia in patients with coronavirus infection COVID-19 is associated with the risk of developing severe forms and unfavorable outcome. One of the reasons for the development of lymphopenia is apoptosis.
AIM: Evaluation of the severity of peripheral blood lymphocytes' apoptosis in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 42 patients with COVID-19 aged 37 to 90 years were examined. They were hospitalized at the Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after Professor A.F. Agafonov, Kazan, from October 24, 2021 to March 1, 2022. In 13 patients, the lung lesion volume ranged from 10 to 25% (CT-1), in 20 — from 25 to 50% (CT-2), in 9 — from 50 to 75% (CT-3). Ribonucleic acid of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was isolated from the nasopharynx in 35 (83%) patients. COVID-19 was moderate in 14 patients, and severe in 28 patients. The control group consisted of 10 conditionally healthy people of the same age. Lymphocyte apoptosis was assessed by quantifying hypodiploid cells by changing the intensity of their staining with propidium iodide using flow cytometry. To determine the reliability of differences in indicators between the compared groups, the Mann–Whitney U-test was used, and when comparing percentages, the χ2 criterion was used. The reliability of differences was established at p 0.05.
RESULTS: It was found that patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher lymphocyte apoptosis activity compared to the control group. The median of the studied indicator in patients with COVID-19 was 39.3%, while in the control group it was 15.1% (p 0.001). The severity of lymphocyte apoptosis correlated with the severity of the disease: the highest rates were recorded in patients with severe COVID-19 (p=0.02). Moreover, lymphocyte apoptosis 55% was associated with the risk of death (p=0.03). A moderate correlation was established between lymphocyte apoptosis rates and blood ferritin levels (Spearman coefficient p=0.39, p 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Coronavirus infection COVID-19 was accompanied by an increase in the activity of peripheral blood lymphocyte apoptosis; the highest apoptosis rates were recorded in patients with severe COVID-19.
Left ventricular systolic function in patients with myocardial infarction and iron deficiency during correction with iron supplements
Authors: Khastieva Dilyara R. , Tarasova Natalia A. , Valeeva Ildaria K. , Khasanov Niyaz R.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency is associated with worse contractile function of the heart in patients after myocardial infarction.
AIM: To study the contractile function of the left ventricle in patients with myocardial infarction and iron deficiency for 12 months while taking iron supplements.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 83 patients with myocardial infarction and iron deficiency. The average age was 62.0±11 years. The patients underwent drug correction of iron deficiency by parenteral administration of iron carboxymaltose or oral administration of iron sulfate. After 3 months, the patients were divided into two groups depending on the compensation of iron deficiency. The first group consisted of 58 (70%) patients with compensated iron deficiency, the second group — 25 (30%) patients with persistent deficiency. The patients underwent echocardiography with assessment of the left ventricular ejection fraction and the total index of its myocardial mobility in the first 24 hours after hospitalization, after 3, 6 and 12 months. Comparison of mean values was performed using the Mann–Whitney U-test. Differences in indicators were considered statistically significant at p 0.05.
RESULTS: In the first 24 hours after hospitalization for myocardial infarction, the ejection fraction did not differ in patients: in the first group — 48% [45; 54], in the second — 53% [48; 54] (p=0.07). In the first group, an increase in the ejection fraction was found compared to the baseline value: 53% [46; 58] (p 0.001) 6 months after myocardial infarction, 55% [48; 58] (p 0.001) after 12 months. In the second group, the ejection fraction after 3, 6 and 12 months did not differ from the baseline. The total myocardial mobility index on the 1st day after myocardial infarction did not differ between the groups: 1.25 [1.19; 1.62] in the first group and 1.25 [1.12; 1.56] in the second group (p=0.3). Its decrease was found in the first group: 1.19 [1.06; 1.56] (p 0.001) after 6 months and 1.12 [1.0; 1.44] (p 0.001) after 12 months. In the second group, the values of the total myocardial mobility index after 3, 6 and 12 months did not differ from the initial ones.
CONCLUSION: Iron deficiency compensation is associated with improved left ventricular systolic function within 12 months after myocardial infarction.
Public awareness of health issues: an analytical review
Authors: Surmach Marina Ya.
Published: November 2024

The implementation of state healthcare policies in the Republic of Belarus requires readily accessible health information for the population. Such information must meet specific criteria to serve as the foundation for the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary for successful interaction with the healthcare system. Terms like “health awareness” and “health literacy” (HL) may be used to characterize this phenomenon. Both terms are used frequently and often employed interchangeably, despite representing distinct concepts. Awareness involves a one-way flow of information and its quantitative assimilation, while literacy can be understood as the feedback on the results of information, and its practical application. Given that differences in understanding are already evident at the definitional level, this ultimately leads to a lack of uniformity in study and assessment approaches.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An analytical review of published literature and online sources, including the Russian Science Citation Index, Springer, World Health Organization (WHO) portal, and other open-access databases, was conducted to substantiate the methodology employed in studying and evaluating health awareness and HL among the population, explore potential advancements in this scientific field, and consider global trends and applications of the findings.
The review shows the economic and social significance of HL of the population and the areas of practical application of the results of its research. The paper analyzes the conceptual apparatus and methodology of studying health awareness and HL, the history of development of the approach unified by the WHO, and the transformation of understanding of various components of HL as a complex phenomenon. Methodologically, HL was found to be a dynamic construct. Approaches to its measurement and assessment vary, and its definition undergoes transformation. Contemporary study methods distinguish between mandatory and optional components. An isolated study of only the mandatory component provides insight into the availability of a specific piece of medical information for a given population; however, it does not account for any subsequent use. Consequently, this component, most frequently referred to as “general HL”, can be defined as health awareness. Analyzing both principal and supplementary components provides a comprehensive view of HL, taking into account national and social contexts. It also allows for extension to digital, organizational, vaccine, and other forms of HL. Despite the WHO’s efforts to unify methodologies, HL studies remain specific to national, cultural, and social contexts. The flexibility of the HL concept allows for incorporating new elements into research tools, which should be designed with practical applicability in mind. The study of population HL is promising from the organizational, medical, and social points of view. The research process itself motivates respondents to engage in health-saving behaviors.
Social and political development: out of conceptual mazes and into political agenda-setting
Authors: Semenenko I.S. , Khaynatskaya T.I.
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of the analysis and systematization of discourses describing the dynamics and key areas of social development. The purpose of the study is to determine the guidelines and priorities in discussions on development that dominate the research and expert agenda, and to identify the ideas and meanings that are invested in this concept by actors participating in public discussions and political goal-setting. The research methodology is based on the structural and functional approach, and on a comparative evaluation of the target settings present in the current expert discussion and in public policymaking. A quantitative content analysis of a sample of EU documents defining priorities of interaction with third countries to achieve development goals is offered as an illustrative example. The conclusions are presented in the form of a conceptual tree constructed by correlating the main concepts that exist in the research and expert field dealing with social development discourses and their political implications. According to the results of the study, the ideological appeal of narratives circulating in the public space of the “developed world” and the normative projection of this agenda worldwide transform discursive power into discursive hegemony through “green colonialism” and other forms of “promoting development”. The authors take a critical approach to the monopolization of the expert and political field by the concept of “sustainable development” which is widely regarded as a politically correct approach and a universalist political attitude. An ambiguous understanding of “social development” beyond the progressive paradigm and purely normative approaches in the social sciences makes the need to clarify this concept all the more urgent. The paper proposes to interpret “political development” as a multidimensional process leading to the complication of political interactions and not limited to institutional change, and “politics of development” as a system of management practices correlated with the public demand for security and social well-being. The current research agenda in this field in Russia aims to promote the analysis of the subjective dimension of politics, with a focus on identity studies and on evaluating intangible development resources.
Protección especial de los derechos humanos del adulto mayor. Una mirada desde la normativa latinoamericana
Authors: Verdecia Rodríguez Asseneth , Garzon Buenaventura Edgar Fabian , Tirado García Giuliana Katherine
Published: November 2024

El objetivo de esta investigación fue comprender cómo las legislaciones de los países latinoamericanos, mediante un estudio de derecho comparado, garantizan una protección especial de los derechos humanos de los adultos mayores. Metodología: se realizó un estudio cualitativo basado en la revisión documental de las legislaciones vigentes en América Latina. El análisis se centró en seis categorías clave: derecho a la vida y a la seguridad social, derecho a la no discriminación, derecho a la justicia y a un trato digno, derecho a la educación y a la cultura, derecho a un nivel de vida adecuado y a la vivienda, y derecho al trabajo y disfrute del tiempo libre. Los datos fueron recopilados de fuentes oficiales y académicas, y se compararon las normativas para identificar avances y vacíos en la protección de los derechos de los adultos mayores. Los resultados mostraron avances significativos en la promulgación de leyes que protegen los derechos humanos de los adultos mayores, especialmente en el acceso a la seguridad social y la no discriminación. Sin embargo, persisten deficiencias importantes en la implementación de estas normativas, particularmente en las áreas de acceso al empleo, vivienda adecuada y oportunidades recreativas. Además, algunos marcos legales carecen de mecanismos concretos para garantizar la aplicación efectiva de los derechos establecidos. Conclusiones: aunque los marcos legales en América Latina reconocen de manera formal los derechos de los adultos mayores, la implementación práctica de estas normativas sigue siendo un reto. Por tanto, se requieren reformas más concretas que garanticen una protección efectiva y equitativa, especialmente en el acceso a servicios básicos y oportunidades laborales. Asimismo, el estudio subrayó la necesidad urgente de fortalecer los mecanismos de cumplimiento para asegurar que los derechos de este grupo vulnerable sean plenamente respetados.
Distinctive presentation of pinna squamous cell carcinoma as devil cutaneous horn
Authors: Hussain Tanvir , Salazar Jony , Khanam Mohosana , Attique Sarwar , Alaqeab Enas , Matin Abdul
Published: November 2024

Cutaneous horns are considered rare clinical elements defined by compact exophytic keratin growth typically resembling an animal’s horn. They are prone in the body’s sun-exposed areas, arising from various benign, malignant and premalignant conditions. Therefore, this paper reflects a reported case for the 75-year-old male diagnosed with cutaneous horn in his right pinna. The histopathological evaluation confirmed a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The case has equally stressed why histopathological assessment or examination is necessary to determine the condition’s nature and proper management. The patient was taken through a wide local excision with a comprehensive assessment and evaluation and the multidisciplinary discussion with an oncology and head expertise team. From the case, it is necessary to practice vigilance and caution in diagnosing and managing the condition from unusual places like the ear.
Vestibular migraine management by the United Kingdom ear, nose and throat clinicians: a “snapshot”
Authors: Munnings Amberley , Moualed Daniel
Published: November 2024

Background: Vestibular migraine is a common cause of dizziness with various management options, similar to that of regular migraine treatments. This study aimed to characterise current practice in vestibular migraine (VM) management amongst ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialists across the United Kingdom (UK).
Methods: A national survey of ENT UK members regarding their management of VM was conducted. Freedom of information requests were also sent to each integrated health board (IHB) to determine if they had a migraine and/or vestibular migraine protocols.  
Results: There was wide variability across ENT clinicians in their management of VM with 45.29% starting no treatment or lifestyle advice only before transferring the care of the patient to another provider. Only 4 IHBs had a migraine protocol that referenced VM.
Conclusions: This study identifies the variation in the management of vestibular migraine across ENT clinicians. It also potentially highlights the need for improved education of ENT trainees about the condition. The authors would support ENT clinicians to become involved in writing migraine protocols for their trusts, to include vestibular migraine within these guidelines.
The clinicopathological evaluation of diseases of external ear in tertiary diseases
Authors: Saini Soumya , Sachdeva Kavita , Sharma Diksha , B. Anjali Krishna
Published: November 2024

Background: As the major part of outpatient department (OPD) comprises of diseases related to external ear, it is a need to acknowledge the topic. These diseases are sometimes seasonal and variable according to climate. Diseases may vary according to patients’ anatomy. Histopathological examination along with clinical prospective is required to remove the diseases. Advancement in radiology has made easier to determine the extension and involvement of disease. Aim of the study is to evaluate the extent of disease, its causative factors, various associations and effect of treatment.
Methods: The observational cross sectional study is done on 211 patients. Detailed study is done and microscopic evaluation is done whenever required. Biopsies and pus samples taken for the histopathological and microbial examination. The data collected and entered in Microsoft excel and analysed data is presented in from of frequency and percentage shown by pie charts and tables.  
Results: Out of total 211 patients the commonest involved age group (56.4%) belongs to 21-40 years with 109 (51.7%) females and 102 (48.3%) males. 91% of the patients belong to lower rural socioeconomic status. Most common pathology found in my study was otomycosis in 95 (30%) cases. Other pathologies included otitis externa in 57 (27%) cases, auralmass in 33 (15.6%) cases perichondritis, keloid, preauricular sinus, pseudocystand EAC stenosis in descending order.
Conclusions: Aural polyps and aral masses are found to be more intrusive. Prompt consideration of such cases should be done as they have tendency of extending intracranially.
Post traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: a descriptive study
Authors: M. Malavika , Dominic Mathew , Mary Preethy
Published: November 2024

Background: Post-traumatic CSF rhinorrhea occurs following head trauma or after intracranial surgery. Traumatic CSF rhinorrhea can be detrimental with complications such as bacterial meningitis.
Methods: Retrospective review of hospital records of post-traumatic patients admitted under neurosurgery department from 2016-2021 was done. 66 patients with CSF rhinorrhea were identified. Their mode of trauma, management and radiological images were reviewed and recorded.
Results: Out of the 66 patients, 87.8% were males and average age group 20-30years. 41 resolved with conservative management. Frontal bone was most common site of rhinorrhea. In 61.8% (n=41) patients, fracture was seen in more than one bone/anatomical site. Incidence of post-traumatic CSF rhinorrhea in this study in 6.6%.
Conclusions: Early diagnosis and management are important to prevent complications. In majority of cases, the leak subsides with conservative management, hence early surgical intervention is not required.
Comparing the efficacy of repositioning manoeuvres over medications in the treatment of posterior and lateral canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a prospective, randomized and comparative study
Authors: Ramalingam Anbukarasi , Vasanthi L. Agalya Pauline , Ganapathy Hariharasubramanian
Published: November 2024

Background: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a benign peripheral disorder of vestibular system and is the most common cause of peripheral vertigo. The aim of our study was to compare and assess the efficacy of  Epley’s and Barbeque roll over manoeuvres with labyrinthine sedatives in the management of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) over a period of one month and to know the prevalence of BPPV in different age and gender groups among the two semicircular canals(posterior and lateral).
Methods-This prospective randomized comparative clinical trial included 60 patients with clinically diagnosed BPPV in a tertiary care centre and were investigated for a period on one year. The clinical diagnosis of specific canal type of BPPV was assessed based on the diagnostic tests, Dix Hallpike test and McClure test. In manoeuvre group, posterior canal BPPV, Epley’s manoeuvre was performed and for lateral canal BPPV, Barbeque roll over manoeuvre was performed as treatment. In pharmacological group, labyrinthine sedatives i.e. either cinnarizine 25mg twice a day or betahistine 16 mg twice a day were administered for one month as treatment.
Results: Results were assessed at the end of 48 hours (immediate time period) and at four weeks’ time period after the treatment, under three different outcome categories namely disappeared, improving and unchanged. Treatment of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo with repositioning manoeuvre had higher success percentage of 83.3% than the medical treatment.
Conclusion: The treatment of BPPV with repostioning manoeuvres had a better outcome than the medical treatment.
Assessment and evaluate the eminence of depth of invasion in gingivobuccal sulcus carcinoma with the use of preoperative computed tomography and to compare it with depth of invasion measured histopathologically in the resected primary tumor, with the cervical nodal metastasis
Authors: Anehosur Venkatesh Srinivas Rao , Byadgi Akshay A. , Hallikeri Kaveri
Published: November 2024

Background: Depth of invasion (DOI) being one of the significant predictors in determining the prognosis of the disease, hence this data is available only post operatively but now with the advance technology we can assess DOI preoperatively. Here in our study, we used contrast enhanced computed tomography scan (CECT) to determine preoperative DOI. This measured data eventually helps the surgeon to plan resection of the oral primary tumor 3 dimensionally with safe margins.
Methods: Prospective study was conducted between 2019 to 2021 with patients diagnosed with Gingivobuccal sulcus (GBS) carcinoma who were subjected for resection with neck dissection procedures.  Preoperative CECT scan was performed to evaluate the depth of invasion (DOI). This was then compared with the DOI measured post operatively of resected specimen by histological assessment. A cut-off value for DOI was derived, beyond which nodal metastasis was evident.
Results: Out of 51 patients 40 (78.4%) were male patients and 11 (21.6%) were female. Age ranged from 20 to 70 years. Preoperative DOI measured from CECT scan showed average value of 18.84 mm, with sensitivity of 100% which was highly statistically significant. Histopathological DOI showed average value of 7.26 mm. lowest DOI at which nodal metastasis observed was 3.4mm, so the cut-off value of DOI above which metastasis was probable decided was 3.5mm for this series.
Conclusions: Hence CECT scan showed better sensitivity and specificity in determining early bony invasion in GBS carcinomas. Thus, making DOI a very reliable and predictable prognostic factor in oral GBS carcinoma.
Role of leukotriene receptor antagonist in improvement of symptoms after functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with or without sinonasal polyposis
Authors: John Joemol , Velayutham Prabu , Palani Vignesh , Anbumani Anbulavanya , Vasudevan Kiruthika
Published: November 2024

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis is one of the common ENT diseases encountered daily. Due to its chronicity, it leads to patient morbidity and decreased quality-of-life of the patient. Although various medical and surgical management options are available, none can manage the condition effectively. So, the aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of the montelukast in the subjective and objective improvement after the FESS for patients with chronic rhino sinusitis.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted among 50 patients diagnosed with chronic rhino sinusitis. All the patients underwent FESS, and after that, they were divided into two groups; one group received the Montelukast tablet in addition to the standard post-operative regimen, and the other group received the standard post-operative medications only. The subjective and objective measurements were made using SNOT-22 and Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scores during the pre- and post-operative periods.
Results: The study showed a significant reduction in the various parameters of SNOT-22, viz runny nose (p=0.013), cough (p=0.003), post-nasal discharge (p=0.037), thick nasal discharge (p=0.013), ear fullness (p=0.021), difficulty in falling asleep (p=0.018), walking up at night (p<0.001), reduced concentration (p=0.001) in Group-A than in Group-B. The study also showed a significant reduction in the overall SNOT-22 score in the Group-A. The Lund-Kennedy endoscopic score (p=0.006) also showed a significant reduction during the postoperative period in Group-A.
Conclusion: The Montelukast positively affects the reduction of the various domains in the SNOT-22 and the Lund-Kennedy endoscopic score. It can be used as adjuvant therapy during the post-operative period in patients operated with FESS for CRS.
Utilizing video laryngoscopy before thyroidectomy in a hospital in Mangalore
Authors: N. Manisha , Mathew Ben S. , Amrita
Published: November 2024

The highly debated opinion of whether a pre-operative video laryngoscopy was necessary to both patient care and doctor safety would be answered by the clinical insight into a local hospital who’s standard of care involves performing a video laryngoscopy before any major thyroid surgery. Aims and objectives of the study were to improve patient care and quality of life and ensure appropriate and proper investigation of the patient. Record based retrospective study assessing all patients that came for thyroidectomy during the time period from January 2022 to December 2022. 100% of patients who came to our hospital with any indication of thyroidectomy underwent video laryngoscopy preoperatively. We recommend video laryngoscopy (VLS) to be done in a 100% of cases of patients posted for thyroidectomies in the near future as it benefits both the patient and the doctor.
A case series on post-auricular swellings: varied lesions with similar presentations
Authors: Mendonca Elton , Save Sneha , Kumar Ravish
Published: November 2024

The post-auricular region presents with swellings that can arise from various aetiologies. Attention to this region is lower as it is generally a cosmetically insignificant area and also most swellings from this region are slow growing. However, literature gives an account of inflammatory as well as neoplastic growths from this area with some masses being malignant in nature. In this case series, we report three patient who had symptomless, slow growing swellings behind their ear in the post-auricular region which were similar on examination. However, all three masses were reported of different diagnoses on their histopathology report. This brings to light the importance of timely investigation and treatment of swellings of the post-auricular region.
Metastasis to an odontogenic cyst: case report and review of literature
Authors: Sadeghi Shayan , Aubry Claudya , Robin Christian , Ghannoum Julien
Published: November 2024

Metastatic disease to the jawbone is relatively uncommon. However, its occurrence within a pre-existing odontogenic cyst or tumor is extremely rare. We present a case of a 61-year-old woman experiencing fatigue and nocturnal diaphoresis with an otherwise asymptomatic radiolucent lesion of the mandible. Radiographic features were suggestive of a benign odontogenic cyst. A biopsy revealed a metastatic nidus within the wall of a benign odontogenic cyst. Further investigations confirmed the presence of a primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Diagnosis of metastases to the orofacial region may be challenging because of their various clinical and radiographic features. Thorough histopathological analysis of any routine cystic tissue from the maxillofacial structures, even seemingly benign, is necessary to rule out more aggressive disease.
Foreign body lodged in the subglottic area: a case report in a child
Authors: Diallo Ibrahima , Diallo Mamadou A. , Poly Mohamed K. , Camara Alseny , Keita Mamadou S. , Keita Raphan M. K. , Ouoba Mama B. , Barry Alpha O. , Bayo Abdoulaye , Kaman Mohamed C. , Keita Abdoulaye , Diallo Alpha O.
Published: November 2024

Subglottic foreign bodies are rare and represent an extreme emergency that can threaten life. Our aim is to share our experience in the management and multidisciplinary approach to a subglottic foreign body in a child. We report the case of a 4-year-old child from a rural area, who was admitted as an emergency. He was referred by the pediatric team after presenting with symptoms of foreign body aspiration. The general examination revealed laryngeal dyspnea (stage IV) with unstable hemodynamic parameters. ENT examination showed pharyngeal granulations; near-obstructive hypertrophy of the inferior turbinates, muco-purulent rhinorrhea with pale nasal mucosa; cerumen plugs, and intact tympanic membranes. Pulmonary auscultation noted crackles in both lung fields. We diagnosed a laryngo-tracheal foreign body complicated by stage IV laryngeal dyspnea. The child underwent an emergency tracheostomy followed by endoscopy and removal of the foreign body. The postoperative course was uncomplicated. Although rare, subglottic foreign bodies present a challenge for early management. Therefore, we emphasize to our colleagues the severity of subglottic foreign bodies. Prevention is the best therapeutic alternative.
Navigating nasal swelling: the diagnostic journey to osteoblastic osteosarcoma
Authors: Lee Tiong Siew , Binti Roslim Siti Nor’ain , Hitam Shahrul Bin , Omar Noorjehan Binti , Abu Bakar Mohd Zulkiflee Bin
Published: November 2024

Nasal swelling is frequently encountered in ENT, but diagnosing osteosarcoma in the head and neck region is quite uncommon. Diagnosing and managing craniofacial osteosarcoma is challenging due to its rarity and nonspecific radiological features, which often lead to biopsy errors. Additionally, the proximity to vital structures complicates achieving complete resections. MRI is the gold standard for detailed assessment of osteosarcoma, offering crucial insights into tumor extent, soft tissue involvement, and proximity to surrounding structures for effective treatment planning and response monitoring. CT supports this by aiding in biopsy planning, staging, and detecting metastases, particularly in the chest. Craniofacial osteosarcoma treatment lacks consensus but generally prioritizes surgery, with negative margins crucial for better outcomes. Adjuvant chemotherapy can boost survival, while radiotherapy is used when complete surgery is not possible. In this case, we bring your attention to a 31-year-old gentleman who presented with progressive and painless nasal swelling for 6 months prior to visiting the ORL clinic, where a final diagnosis of osteoblastic osteosarcoma was made after history, examination, imaging, and histopathology results.
Primary nasal tuberculosis due to inoculation by nasal picking: a case report
Authors: Sachidananda Ravi , Venkataramani Nithya , Rao Suraksha , Ishwarappagol Pradeep , Gundappa Vivek , Shankarnarayan Saikiran , K. Manjunath M.
Published: November 2024

Tuberculosis of the nose is a rare entity and is usually secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis. Due to its nonspecific presentation, it can be easily missed. Early diagnosis and treatment helps to prevent associated morbidity. We present a case of nasal tuberculosis in a 39-year-old male patient with the habit of nasal picking who presented with a non-healing septal ulcer. Histopathology revealed the diagnosis of tuberculosis. He did not have any evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. A diagnosis of primary nasal tuberculosis due to inoculation by finger nail trauma was made and patient was treated with antitubercular medications. It is important to have a high index of suspicion to prevent late diagnosis and sequelae.
Rare case of low-grade fibro-myxoid sarcoma presenting as a lateral neck swelling
Authors: Nimavat Sharvil M. , Hirani Narendra , Khilnani Ajeet Kumar , Warpe Bhushan , Malhotra Khushboo G. , Jain Nikhil P.
Published: November 2024

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is an uncommon malignancy. LGFMS is more likely to affect the trunk and extremities in young adults. However, sporadic cases have been reported in many areas of the head and neck region, including the oral cavity, larynx, and oropharynx. LGFMS typically shows areas of collagenized, myxoid stroma with spindle cell appearance in a rolling pattern. Accurate diagnosis is challenging because it can be mistaken for a simple neoplastic entity of round cells. A few cases of LGFMS which have been reported in the head and neck showing that LGFMS is characterized by local recurrence and metastases. Because of the rarity of the head and neck region, there are no specific treatment guidelines or follow-up. Our study presents LGFMS in a 54-year-old patient in the neck region who underwent surgery and was followed up for one year.
Nanotechnology in medicine: A comprehensive review of its role in modern drug delivery systems
Authors: Kale Preeti , Gandotra Supriya , Shukla Medha
Published: November 2024

Nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of medicine, particularly in the development of modern drug delivery systems. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the role that nanotechnology plays in enhancing drug delivery mechanisms, targeting specific sites and minimizing side effects. Advances in nanoparticle-based drug carriers, including liposomes, dendrimers and polymeric nanoparticles, offer superior bioavailability, sustained release and improved solubility for various therapeutic agents. The review delves into the latest innovations in nanocarriers, their applications in cancer treatment, gene therapy and infectious diseases and discusses the challenges of clinical translation. Furthermore, it addresses the regulatory, ethical and safety concerns surrounding nanomedicine. By highlighting both the promises and limitations of nanotechnology in drug delivery, this article aims to provide a balanced perspective on its transformative potential in modern healthcare.