bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cooperação e empoderamento feminino: análise do Índice de Empoderamento e Desenvolvimento de Gênero (IEDG) em uma cooperativa agrária no Paraná
Authors: De Oliveira Nadja Simone Menezes Nery , Carvalho Elenice da Silva , Do Nascimento Thiago Pereira , Schmidt Carla Maria
Published: December 2019

The present study aims to analyze the degree of empowerment of women who are part of the Agrarian Cooperative of the Piquiri Valley (Cooperagra) and/or the Association of Women of the Settlement of Our Lady (Amana) located in the municipality of Mariluz, northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. To do so, we used data obtained through the application of a questionnaire to the associates, based on the theory that addresses this theme, with which the Gender Empowerment and Development Index (IEDG) was calculated. As main results, it was observed that the level of empowerment is considered moderate and that the dimensions related to this indicator were related to the use of time, fecundity, housing conditions and access to health. However, an excellent result was highlighted regarding the dimension represented by the participation of women in decision-making in the community, cooperative or association and appreciation of their opinions, thus reinforcing that the benefits of collective action are not only economic and that their feasibility is due to the presence of other incentives. In this way, social organization and principles of cooperativism allow the social insertion of women, increasing their social, political and psychological empowerment.Keywords: empowerment; collective action; rural development; cooperativism.OLIVEIRA, Nadja Simone Menezes Nery de; CARVALHO, Elenice Silva ; NASCIMENTO, Thiago Pereira do;  SCHMIDT, Carla Maria. Cooperação e empoderamento feminino: análise do Índice de Empoderamento e Desenvolvimento de Gênero (IEDG) em uma cooperativa agrária no Paraná. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 26, n. 3, p. 630-655, out. 2018.Submitted in june 2018.Accepted in september 2018.
Approach to better beet washing. Part 2
Authors: Nouws Daniel , Struijs Jan L.M.
Published: December 2019

In 2014 the first part of the “Approach to better beet washing” was published by Spapens-Oerlemans et al. [1]. The enlargement of capacities and the increase of the relative amount of clay-soil received by the Dutch Suiker Unie factories, requires a more effective beet washing. The experiments done since 2009 gave new insights in ‘mechanical’ washing of sugar beet originating from clay-soils. To reach the desired washing result a sufficient ‘mechanical’ washing is required with an additional spray washing step. Since 2013 new understandings about the relevant design parameters and the optimal configuration for spray washing of clay-soil-beet were derived from theoretical studies as well as pilot and factory scale experiments. An additional benefit of spray washing instead of extended mechanical washing is the more gentle treatment and short contact time with wash water, which results in less sugar elution. By implementing the pilot scale based washing curve and analyzing the sugar elution to wash water a technical design of two new beet washing facilities in the Netherlands could be made.
Sugar beet silage as highly flexible feedstock for on demand biogas production
Authors: Maurus Kerstin , Ahmed Sharif , Getz Wiebke , Kazda Marian
Published: December 2019

On demand biogas production is a great option to complement solar and wind power for the energy revolution. Alternatives like feedstock management are important in order to avoid expensive and complex adjustments for gas storage systems. The use of sugar beet silage (S) is a good option because it mainly contains carbohydrates that are easily degradable.

Anaerobic digestion was performed for 63 days in four completely stirred tank reactors (CSTR) with different ratios of maize silage (M) and S. M given every hour was used as a base load for the fermentation and S was given two times a day every 12h. Biogas and methane production rates were measured every 5min in order to achieve data with high resolution. Also, pH value, VFA/TIC values and volatile fatty acids were measured during the experiment.

The process remained stable in CSTR1 (M:S1:0), CSTR2 (M:S6:1) and CSTR3 (M:S3:1). Instabilities occurred in CSTR4 (M:S1:3) after an operation time of 33 days.

Nevertheless, methane yields more than doubled for CSTR3 within 5min after the input of S. Use of sugar beet as a feedstock for biogas production is a further application for this agricultural commodity.
Stability Analysis of the Nanjung Water Diversion Twin Tunnels based on Convergence Measurement
Authors: Prassetyo Simon Heru , Simangunsong Ganda Marihot , Wattimena Ridho Kresna , Rai Made Astawa , Arif Irwandy , Widodo Nuhindro Priagung , Pradhana Dhika Noor , Saputra Dimas Agung
Published: December 2019

This paper focuses on the stability analysis of the Nanjung Water Diversion Twin Tunnels using convergence measurement. The Nanjung Tunnel is horseshoe-shaped in cross-section, 10.2 m x 9.2 m in dimension, and 230 m in length. The location of the tunnel is in Curug Jompong, Margaasih Subdistrict, Bandung. Convergence monitoring was done for 144 days between February 18 and July 11, 2019. The results of the convergence measurement were recorded and plotted into the curves of convergence vs. day and convergence vs. distance from tunnel face. From these plots, the continuity of the convergence and the convergence rate in the tunnel roof and wall were then analyzed. The convergence rates from each tunnel were also compared to empirical values to determine the level of tunnel stability. In general, the trend of convergence rate shows that the Nanjung Tunnel is stable without any indication of instability. Although there was a spike in the convergence rate at several STA in the measured span, that spike was not replicated by the convergence rate in the other measured spans and it was not continuous. The stability of the Nanjung Tunnel is also confirmed from the critical strain analysis, in which most of the STA measured have strain magnitudes located below the critical strain line and are less than 1%.
Implementation Of Permen Esdm No. 17/2012 As A Solution Between Mineral Businessesand Conservation Karst Zone In Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho Aris Dwi , Hidayat Tantan , Memed Muhammad Wachyudi
Published: December 2019

Cement is powder made from lime and other materials used to make concrete, glue bricks or make walls (KBBI, 2008). Cement is a material that is hydraulic in nature, that is, a material which will undergo a hardening process in its mixing with water or acid solution. The raw materials for making cement include: clinker / slag of cement as much as 70% - 95% (the results of the combustion of limestone, silica sand, iron sand and clay), 5% gypsum and other additional materials (limestone, pozzolan, fly ash and etc). Along with the increase in infrastructure development which is the focus of the Government at this time, the need for building materials, especially cement, has increased. This increase in demand has made cement companies increase production, which in turn will also reduce the limestone reserves that exist in nature. Geological resources consist of mineral resources, energy resources, water resources, and landscapes.  Limestone  as  one  of  the  dominant  raw  materials  for  making  cement  is  a  mineral  and landscape resource that must be protected. The Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources since 2012 has issued regulations relating to the use and protection of Karst Landscape Areas (Permen ESDM No. 17 of2012). Protection of the Karst Landscape Area aims to protect its function as a natural regulator of the water system and its unique / scientific value in the development of science. Meanwhile, the delineation of utilization efforts as minerals and industrial raw materials is regulated so that it does not disturb the conservation zone. Expected with the regulations (Permen  ESDM No. 17 of 2012) can be a solution for the use and protection of the Karst Landscape in Indonesia.
Vibration Management for Slope Stability with “Signature Hole Analysis” Method in Open Pit Blasting Activity
Authors: Isnaya Muhammad Syafiq , Bellico Muhammad Fadil , Priyanggoro Dwi Agung
Published: December 2019

One of the impact blasting activity is Ground Vibration which will affect the stability of the slope. Research and experiment conducted using Signature Hole Analysis (SHA) for monitoring wave propagation in each block-strip used to model and predict vibration which caused by the blasting activity. Signature Hole Analysis combined with Scaled Distance has succeeded in becoming the solution of ground vibration management.
Implementation of an Embedded Microcontroller-Based Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Unabor Philip O , Okundamiya Michael S
Published: December 2019

This paper highlights the implementation of an embedded microcontroller-based intrusion detection system. The PIC16F84A microcontroller embedded in the system was programmed using the MikroC Language for the microcontrollers, to pick up an intrusion signal from the motion sensor, (which interprets the signal to be an electrical signal e.g. voltage), process it and then give a command to the display or output units. The output includes a 16x2 ALPHA liquid crystal display (LCD) and a buzzer (alarm unit), which in turn implement the command thereby notifying the environment of the presence of an intruder by displaying “Intruder Detected!” on the LCD and by a beeping sound with an interval of 0.5s delay by the alarm unit. The system was tested and was found to be efficient and suitable for solving myriad of security issues that confront us in modern times.
Robust Stabilisation of Reformer Coupled Tanks
Authors: Odiamenhi Martins A. , Aigboje Eddy O. , Ugboya Paul A.
Published: December 2019

Diesel plays a significant role in the energy consumption in most developing countries. It serves as a source of power for the transportation, agricultural and industrial sectors. Diesel is one of the product of the petroleum, being utilised in all types of compression ignition engines as fuel. Hence, the need for reformer tank to manage proper waste is needed to avoid economical loss and environmental damage. The utilisation of reformer tanks in the management of waste energy is of economic and environmental advantage to the nation. This paper presents the use of feedback linearization and back-stepping methods to control the nonlinear reformers tanks in order to achieve robust control and stabilisation of the diesel. The model was transformed to a motion control model and the efficiency of the suggested algorithm was tested. The result showed that the back-stepping controller design is satisfactory not only for the tracking performance but also for the determination of the stability region.
Quality Maintenance of Production Equipment: A Case Study of Bendel Feeds and Mills, Ewu, Edo State
Authors: Aigboje Eddy , Ugboya Paul A. , Odiamenhi Martins
Published: December 2019

This paper analyses the quality maintenance in Bendel Feeds and Mills, Ewu, Edo State, with a view of designing a robust maintenance process and schedule to enhance production equipment in the company. The specific objectives were to determine the failure rate in the company production equipment, establish the appropriate maintenance process needed to reduce failure rate, investigate whether the current material handling methods and practices permit high maintenance turnover and to proffer useful suggestions and ideas on how to effectively maintain production equipment in the company. Data obtained were used to analyse the materials handling equipment failure rate, MTTR, MTBF, availability, failure mode and work station. The results showed that the failure rate is more in bucket elevator equipment than other materials handling equipment. It was observed that the plant organisational structure is area controlled instead of centre controlled organisation, which is one of the problems of the plant maintenance policy adopted by the company. Maintenance of materials handling equipment of the plant can be better achieved through modified planned preventive maintenance, condition base maintenance (predictive) and equipment inspection. This analysis will be of tremendous help to practicing maintenance engineering.
The Influence of Nutritional Status and Ventilation on the Incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis at Langsa
Authors: Muchsin Muchsin , Siregar Fazidah Aguslina , Sudaryati Etti
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary Tuberculosis is still a global health threat and the cause of the average of 1.3 million deaths each year.
AIM: The objective of the research was to analyse the influence of ventilation and nutritional status on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis at Langsa, in 2018.
METHODS: The population was all pulmonary tuberculosis adult patients at Langsa, in 2018, with AFB+ of 315 people, and the samples were 116 patients in the case group and 116 patients in the control group. The data were analysed by using logistic regression with simple logistic regression test and multiple logistic regression tests.
RESULTS: The result of multiple logistic regression tests showed that there was the influence of nutritional status (p ≤ 0.001; OR = 2.645 (95% CI 1.494-4.683) and ventilation (p ≤ 0.044; OR = 1.816 (95% CI 1.015-3.250) on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis.
CONCLUSION: To break off the chain of pulmonary tuberculosis contagion, it is necessary to increase people’s awareness of the importance of healthy life behaviour and healthful home by providing health counselling about the requirement for good nutritional status and ventilation.
La laïcité mexicaine
Authors: Cerda-Guzman Carolina
Published: December 2019

Selon les histoires et contextes propres à chaque pays, la laïcité peut s’exprimer de multiples façons. Contrairement aux idées préconçues que l’on peut avoir sur le Mexique, la laïcité y est un principe revendiqué de manière très ancienne mais aussi radicale, notamment dans le domaine politique. Pour autant, cette conception de la laïcité se trouve aujourd’hui défiée par de multiples contournements des règles édictées et l’appel au respect des textes internationaux relatifs aux droits de l’homme.
Justice inaccessible et inégalités sociales au Mexique
Authors: Magaloni Ana Laura , Proenza Anne
Published: December 2019

Comment le Mexique peut-il à la fois être la quinzième économie mondiale et occuper les dernières places des classements internationaux en matière de justice civile et pénale ? Les tribunaux fédéraux, parce qu’ils concentrent une grande part des ressources budgétaires allouées au système judiciaire, sont les seuls à même de rendre un service de qualité ; or les Mexicains dans leur immense majorité n’ont accès qu’aux tribunaux locaux de première instance : la faiblesse de leurs revenus les empêche en effet de recourir à l’ amparo , procédure qui permet d’exercer une requête directe en contrôle de constitutionnalité pour ainsi faire juger au niveau fédéral une affaire portée au départ devant une juridiction locale. Cette inégalité juridique profonde, qui profite uniquement aux élites politiques et économiques du pays, explique que les conflits se règlent très souvent en dehors des institutions légales et du cadre fixé par la loi.
Andrés Manuel López Obrador face aux défis politiques, économiques et sociaux
Authors: Garcia Frédéric
Published: December 2019

Cet article traite des principaux défis qu’Andrés Manuel López Obrador, élu président en juillet 2018, trouvera sur sa route. En particulier, il aborde la question des défis en matière de politique intérieure (corruption, impunité, insécurité) et de politique extérieure (relation avec les États-Unis dans le contexte de la campagne de Donald Trump pour la présidentielle de 2020). Sur le plan économique, l’enjeu primordial sera d’atteindre une croissance suffisante pour financer les programmes sociaux en faveur des plus démunis. Sur le plan social, enfin, le défi du président mexicain consistera à réduire les profondes inégalités qui sont un frein au développement du pays.
Pratiques d’évaluation du personnel dans les PME camerounaises : une réponse à l’émergence de risques organisationnels
Authors: Sangué-Fotso Robert , Ndjambou Ruphin , Anega Nkoa Claudette
Published: December 2019

La PME camerounaise fait aujourd’hui face à des risques relatifs à l’incertitude et à la complexité des situations organisationnelles et environnementales rencontrées. L’objet de cet article est d’analyser les déterminants de l’évaluation du personnel comme levier de réduction des risques organisationnels des PME. La démarche analytique suivie nous a permis d’une part d’identifier les principaux modes d’évaluation ; d’autre part de mettre en exergue les pratiques les plus adaptées au contexte. Le traitement des informations collectées s’est opéré uniquement par la méthode d’analyse de contenu. Cette technique a permis de regrouper les résultats à deux niveaux à savoir l’activité et le personnel. Il ressort des analyses effectuées que, l’évaluation du personnel apparaît comme un mécanisme compensateur apportant des réponses aux risques organisationnels dans la PME, et constitue de ce fait plus un état d’esprit qu’une opportunité.
La construction de l’État, processus de sécularisation : retour sur une équation inadaptée au cas français
Authors: Sild Nicolas
Published: December 2019

En France, certains lieux communs sont érigés en mythes fondateurs. Tel est le cas de l’idée selon laquelle l’État moderne serait le fruit d’un mouvement de sécularisation ayant conduit à l’édification d’un pouvoir déconfessionnalisé. À l’inverse, cet article entreprend de démontrer qu’en France, la construction de l’État est un processus reposant sur une dynamique sacrale, qui doit sa force à l’union entre le pouvoir et le catholicisme français. L’existence d’un pouvoir souverain a longtemps été liée à un substrat religieux. La véritable sécularisation ne survient qu’en 1905, et impose à l’État de trouver de nouvelles ressources pour conforter sa souveraineté et faire face au retour de la religion. La mystique républicaine semble à cet égard incomplète.
La réflexion heideggérienne sur les Regulae : de la méthode à la métaphysique
Authors: Pradelle Dominique
Published: December 2019

L’objet de cet article est d’élucider la place qu’occupent les Regulae de Descartes dans l’élaboration de l’interprétation heideggérienne de la pensée cartésienne : Heidegger a-t-il construit sa lecture de Descartes à partir des Regulae , au à partir du Discours de la méthode ou des Meditationes  ? Lit-il la métaphysique cartésienne à partir de sa doctrine de la méthode, ou l’inverse ? Dans cette optique, nous confrontons l’interprétation heideggérienne de Descartes à celle de Natorp, pour montrer que tous deux lisent Descartes à partir des Regulae et situent la métaphysique cartésienne dans leur prolongement ; mais tandis que Natorp voit dans les Regulae les prémices de l’idéalisme kantien que trahiraient les Meditationes , Heidegger y trouve un paradigme mathématique de la science qui détermine par avance l’objet de la métaphysique cartésienne.
La Belt and Road Initiative : l’Europe, terminus du « rêve chinois » ?
Authors: Claverie Benjamin
Published: December 2019

L’Union européenne (UE) entre de plus en plus dans les visées d’internationalisation de la puissance émergée chinoise. Celle-ci déploie une adroite diplomatie pour concrétiser sa Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), dont les voies terrestres et maritimes desservent l’Europe. Présenté comme un partenariat équilibré, ce projet majeur du « rêve chinois » promu par Xi Jinping suscite de multiples interrogations chez les Européens concernant l’influence grandissante de Pékin sur leur territoire. L’UE tente donc d’élaborer une nouvelle stratégie pour dialoguer avec la Chine, sans toutefois parvenir à une position commune entre ses États membres.
Incidence of Heterotopic Ossification Following Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients With Prior Stroke
Authors: DiCaprio Matthew R , Huo Michael H , Zatorski Laurine E , Keggi Kristaps J
Published: December 2019

Abstract

This study reviewed the incidence of heterotopic ossification and the functional limitations in a cohort of consecutive patients with prior stroke who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). Thirty-one primary THAs were performed in 22 patients who had a cerebrovascular accident prior to THA. Mean follow-up was 35 months. The overall incidence of heterotopic ossification was 36%, with significant Brooker class III and IV heterotopic ossification reported in 22% of patients. The data suggest that prior cerebrovascular accident may pose an increased risk of significant heterotopic ossification following primary THA. Consideration of prophylaxis in this subset of patients may be warranted.
Surgical Treatment for Cervical Myelopathy in Patients Aged >80 Years
Authors: Nagano Akihito , Miyamoto Kei , Hosoe Hideo , Iinuma Nobuki , Nishimoto Hirofumi , Sakaeda Hirohumi , Wada Eiji , Shimizu Katsuji
Published: December 2019

Abstract

The surgical outcomes of 1 3 patients who were diagnosed wirh cervical spondylotic myelopathy were reviewed retrospectively. Mean patient age at surgery was 83 years. The severity of cervical spondylotic myelopathy was evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score. Daily activities were evaluated using the Barthel index. The preoperative JOA score and Barthel index were 7.8 and 63.5, respectively. The mean JOA score and Barthel index maximum recovery rate were 35% and 24%, respectively. The results of this study imply that surgery for patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy aged >80 years is warranted.
A New Clinical Test for Avulsion of the Insertion of the Biceps Tendon
Authors: Harding Warren G
Published: December 2019

This article presents a simple and logical test to clinically diagnose avulsion of the insertion of the biceps tendon.
The Theoretical vs. Measured Laser Resection for Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Flanagan Gerald W , Binder Perry S
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To measure the excimer laser resection during and after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and to determine the rate of stromal ablation and factors predicting its measurement.

METHODS: A retrospective, comparative, interventional case study of 6010 eyes undergoing LASIK surgery was performed. In vivo ultrasonic pachymetry was performed as a measure of the laser resection (l'MLR). The theoretical laser resection generated by one of three separate excimer lasers (Summit Apex Plus, Alcon LadarVision, VISX) was recorded. The change in central corneal thickness measured at enhancement surgery (2'MLR) and the change in the residual stromal thickness prior to the laser ablation at the primary and enhancement procedure (3'MLR) were recorded as separate measures of the laser resection. Paired sample ttest and regression analysis was performed to determine the relationships and to develop a model predictive of laser resection for each laser.

RESULTS: For all lasers, l'MLR produced the highest estimate compared to 3'MLR. Laser-induced stromal desiccation, microkeratome effects, and change in measured flap thickness were the most likely causes for the differences. Laser resection was overestimated in the Alcon theoretical laser resection group, but underestimated in the Summit and VISX groups. The difference between 2'MLR and 3'MLR was due to epithelial hyperplasia, which measured 8.3, 17.8, and 10.8 /im in the Alcon, Summit, and VISX enhancement groups, respectively. Stromal ablation rates were 11.79, 8.26, and 12.71 µm per spherical equivalent diopter laser setting for the Alcon, Summit, and VISX lasers, respectively, when measured with 3'MLR. Multiple pre-and perioperative factors were associated with laser resection.

CONCLUSIONS: To accurately predict residual corneal thickness, the expected laser resection for an attempted refractive change must be known. As the laser resection can be laser-specific, the surgeon needs to establish the mean and range of tissue removal for a given attempted correction. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:18-27.]
Le discours d’autrui dans la Crónica del rey don Pedro de Pero López de Ayala : vrai dialogisme ou fausse objectivité ?
Authors: Cartelet Pénélope
Published: December 2019

Parmi les innovations que Pero López de Ayala introduit dans son œuvre historiographique, par rapport à celle des précédents chroniqueurs, on observe un recours massif à l’insertion de discours d’autrui, rapportés au style indirect ou selon une énonciation directe, qui semble laisser entendre sans intermédiaire la parole des différents acteurs de l’Histoire. Ce procédé crée dans le texte ayalin un effet de dialogisme, qui, dans un premier temps, participe de la caractérisation du chroniqueur lui-même, dont elle souligne la volonté d’exhaustivité, la capacité d’accès aux sources et la recherche d’objectivité. Mais nous verrons aussi, à partir d’exemples de la Crónica del rey don Pedro, que cet entrelacs de voix, qu’Ayala sélectionne et dispose avec une grande maestria, transforme en réalité le chroniqueur en arbitre de toute vérité et permet d’introduire de façon subreptice, mais terriblement efficace, une lecture particulière des événements, favorable à la nouvelle dynastie Trastamare et à l’idéologie aristocratique du Chancelier.
Stratégies argumentatives et discursives dans la Doncella Teodor
Authors: Coussemacker Sophie
Published: December 2019

La Doncella Teodor est un texte castillan composé sans doute au milieu du xiiie siècle, inspiré d’une source arabe, comme d’autres traités gnomiques d’époque alphonsine. Opposée à divers sages de la cour, chargés de mesurer l’étendue de son savoir, la doncella Teodor les convainc, tour à tour, par les sentences qu’elle assène sans aucune justification, mais que ses opposants reconnaissent comme des vérités. Pourtant, dans les versions imprimées du début du xvie siècle, le dernier de ses opposants l’accuse d’avoir utilisé des arguments mensongers pour vaincre les premiers sages. Comment peut-on qualifier d’arguments ce qui ne semble être que des idées reçues partagées entre questionneurs et questionnée ? Quelles sont les stratégies à la fois gestuelles et discursives qu’a déployées Teodor pour convaincre ses juges ?
Alimentación y argumentación en la España moderna: De ollas, lentejas, duelos y quebrantos y palominos en el Quijote (I, 1)
Authors: Parello Vincent
Published: December 2019

Le régime alimentaire de l’hidalgo de la Manche s’articule autour d’un calendrier folklorique, avec l’opposition entre Carême et Carnaval, et religieux, avec le cycle de la Passion : Vendredi Saint, samedi et dimanche de Pâques. Au-delà des tensions entre vieux et nouveaux-chrétiens, du conflit entre « porcophiles » et « porcophobes », il y a dans l’œuvre de Cervantès de quoi satisfaire les palais de ceux qui fêtent le vendredi (morisques), le samedi (convers) et le dimanche (chrétiens). Finalement, nous avons affaire à un pur régime méditerranéen qui plonge ses racines dans l’Espagne médiévale des trois religions.
Implementation of the SELFY-MPI in five European countries: a multicenter international feasibility study
Authors: Zora Sabrina , Quispe Guerrero Katerin Leslie , Veronese Nicola , Ferri Alberto , Boone An L.D. , Pisano Gonzalez Marta , Pers Yves-Marie , Raat Hein , Baker Graham , Cella Alberto , Pilotto Alberto
Published: December 2019

It is essential for welfare systems to predict the health and care needs of people with chronic diseases. The Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI) proved excellent accuracy in predicting negative health outcomes. Recently, a selfadministered version of MPI (SELFY-MPI) was developed and validated in community- dwelling subjects showing an excellent agreement between the two instruments regardless of age. This is a feasibility study concerns the implementation of SELFYMPI in five European countries. The SELFY-MPI includes the self-administration of Barthel Index, Instrumental Activities of daily Living (IADL), Test Your Memory (TYM) Test, Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), comorbidity, number of medications, and the Gijon’s Socio-Familial Evaluation Scale (SFES). A descriptive analysis was performed on the data collected. 300 subjects (mean age 62 years, range 19-88 years; male/female ratio 0.81) completed the SELFY-MPI. The mean value of the SELFY-MPI was 0.131 (range: 0.0- 0.563) showing a significant correlation with age (Pearson coefficient=0.373, P<0.001). The mean value of the SELFYMPI filling time was 15 minutes (range: 5- 45 minutes) showing a significant correlation between age and filling time (Pearson coefficient=0.547, P<0.001). The SELFYMPI is an excellent self-administered tool for comprehensive self-assessment screening of community-dwelling people at risk of physical and cognitive frailty and/or socioeconomic vulnerability.
Equidistribution of toral eigenfunctions along hypersurfaces
Authors: Hezari Hamid , Rivière Gabriel
Published: December 2019

We prove a new quantum variance estimate for toral eigenfunctions. As an application, we show that, given any orthonormal basis of toral eigenfunctions and any smooth embedded hypersurface with nonvanishing principal curvatures, there exists a density one subsequence of eigenfunctions that equidistribute along the hypersurface. This is an analogue of the
Quantum Ergodic Restriction
theorems in the case of the flat torus, which in particular verifies the Bourgain–Rudnick’s conjecture on

L^2

-restriction estimates for a density one subsequence of eigenfunctions in any dimension. Using our quantum variance estimates, we also obtain equidistribution of eigenfunctions against measures whose supports have Fourier dimension larger than

d − 2

. In the end, we also describe a few quantitative results specific to dimension 2.
Um ofício em transformação: a pesca artesanal contada por quem a pratica (Pelotas, RS)
Authors: Gill Lorena Almeida
Published: December 2019

Em nossa sociedade, com as rápidas transformações tecnológicas, cada vez mais ofícios manuais e profissões vão se tornando obsoletos, sendo modificados ou estando em vias de desaparecer. Este artigo pretende, portanto, discutir justamente estas mudanças laborais, a partir de narrativas de pescadores e pescadoras profissionais artesanais que atuam próximos à Laguna dos Patos, na região de Pelotas, RS, que tiveram suas práticas modificadas: seja pelo escasso pescado que encontram, tendo em vista, dentre outros fatores, as mudanças climáticas e a poluição ambiental, seja pela forma com que o pescado hoje é retirado da lagoa, principalmente através de barcos de grandes indústrias pesqueiras, que contam com equipamentos com refinada tecnologia exploratória. No que diz respeito às mulheres, o debate se centrará, especialmente, na longa luta que tiveram que travar para serem reconhecidas como pescadoras.
Towards accurate methane point-source quantification from high-resolution 2-D plume imagery
Authors: Jongaramrungruang Siraput , Frankenberg Christian , Matheou Georgios , Thorpe Andrew K. , Thompson David R. , Kuai Le , Duren Riley M.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Methane is the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas
in the Earth climate system but emission quantification of localized point
sources has been proven challenging, resulting in ambiguous regional budgets
and source category distributions. Although recent advancements in
airborne remote sensing instruments enable retrievals of methane
enhancements at an unprecedented resolution of 1–5 m at regional scales,
emission quantification of individual sources can be limited by the lack of
knowledge of local wind speed. Here, we developed an algorithm that can
estimate flux rates solely from mapped methane plumes, avoiding the need for
ancillary information on wind speed. The algorithm was trained on synthetic
measurements using large eddy simulations under a range of background wind
speeds of 1–10 m s−1 and source emission rates ranging from 10 to 1000 kg h−1. The surrogate measurements mimic plume mapping performed by the next-generation Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS-NG)
and provide an ensemble of 2-D snapshots of column methane enhancements at 5 m spatial resolution. We make use of the integrated total methane
enhancement in each plume, denoted as integrated methane enhancement (IME),
and investigate how this IME relates to the actual methane flux rate. Our
analysis shows that the IME corresponds to the flux rate nonlinearly and is
strongly dependent on the background wind speed over the plume. We
demonstrate that the plume width, defined based on the plume angular
distribution around its main axis, provides information on the associated
background wind speed. This allows us to invert source flux rate based
solely on the IME and the plume shape itself. On average, the error estimate
based on randomly generated plumes is approximately 30 % for an individual
estimate and less than 10 % for an aggregation of 30 plumes. A validation
against a natural gas controlled-release experiment agrees to within 32 %,
supporting the basis for the applicability of this technique to quantifying
point sources over large geographical areas in airborne field campaigns and
future space-based observations.
Miniature radiocarbon measurements (
Authors: Zander Paul D. , Szidat Sönke , Kaufman Darrell S. , Żarczyński Maurycy , Poraj-Górska Anna I. , Boltshauser-Kaltenrieder Petra , Grosjean Martin
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The recent development of the MIni CArbon DAting System (MICADAS) allows researchers to obtain radiocarbon (14C) ages from a variety of samples with miniature amounts of carbon (
Towards learning universal, regional, and local hydrological behaviors via machine learning applied to large-sample datasets
Authors: Kratzert Frederik , Klotz Daniel , Shalev Guy , Klambauer Günter , Hochreiter Sepp , Nearing Grey
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Regional rainfall–runoff modeling is an old but still mostly outstanding problem in the hydrological sciences. The problem currently is that traditional hydrological models degrade significantly in performance when calibrated for multiple basins together instead of for a single basin alone. In this paper, we propose a novel, data-driven approach using Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTMs) and demonstrate that under a “big data” paradigm, this is not necessarily the case. By training a single LSTM model on 531 basins from the CAMELS dataset using meteorological time series data and static catchment attributes, we were able to significantly improve performance compared to a set of several different hydrological benchmark models. Our proposed approach not only significantly outperforms hydrological models that were calibrated regionally, but also achieves better performance than hydrological models that were calibrated for each basin individually. Furthermore, we propose an adaption to the standard LSTM architecture, which we call
an Entity-Aware-LSTM (EA-LSTM), that allows for learning catchment similarities as a
feature layer in a deep learning model. We show that these learned catchment
similarities correspond well to what we would expect from prior hydrological
understanding.
Air–sea gas exchange at wind speeds up to 85 m s−1
Authors: Krall Kerstin E. , Smith Andrew W. , Takagaki Naohisa , Jähne Bernd
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Gas transfer velocities were measured in two high-speed wind-wave tanks (Kyoto University and the SUSTAIN facility, RSMAS, University of Miami) using fresh water, simulated seawater and seawater for wind speeds between 7 and 85 m s−1.
Using a mass balance technique, transfer velocities of a total of 12 trace gases were measured, with dimensionless solubilities ranging from 0.005 to 150 and Schmidt numbers between 149 and 1360.
This choice of tracers enabled the separation of gas transfer across the free interface from gas transfer at closed bubble surfaces.
The major effect found was a very steep increase of the gas transfer across the free water surface at wind speeds beyond 33 m s−1. The increase is the same for fresh water, simulated seawater and seawater.
Bubble-induced gas transfer played no significant role for all tracers in fresh water and for tracers with moderate solubility such as carbon dioxide and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in seawater, while for low-solubility tracers bubble-induced gas transfer in seawater was found to be about 1.7 times larger than the transfer at the free water surface at the highest wind speed of 85 m s−1. There are indications that the low contributions of bubbles are due to the low wave age/fetch of the wind-wave tank experiments, but further studies on the wave age dependency of gas exchange are required to resolve this issue.
Multi-tracer study of gas trapping in an East Antarctic ice core
Authors: Fourteau Kévin , Martinerie Patricia , Faïn Xavier , Schaller Christoph F. , Tuckwell Rebecca J. , Löwe Henning , Arnaud Laurent , Magand Olivier , Thomas Elizabeth R. , Freitag Johannes , Mulvaney Robert , Schneebeli Martin , Lipenkov Vladimir Ya.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. We study a firn and ice core drilled at the new “Lock-In” site in East Antarctica, located 136 km away from Concordia station towards Dumont d'Urville. High-resolution chemical and physical measurements were performed on the core, with a particular focus on the trapping zone of the firn where air bubbles are formed. We measured the air content in the ice, closed and open porous volumes in the firn, firn density, firn liquid conductivity, major ion concentrations, and methane concentrations in the ice. The closed and open porosity volumes of firn samples were obtained using the two independent methods of pycnometry and tomography, which yield similar results. The measured increase in the closed porosity with density is used to estimate the air content trapped in the ice with the aid of a simple gas-trapping model. Results show a discrepancy, with the model trapping too much air. Experimental errors have been considered but do not explain the discrepancy between the model and the observations. The model and data can be reconciled with the introduction of a reduced compression of the closed porosity compared to the open porosity. Yet, it is not clear if this limited compression of closed pores is the actual mechanism responsible for the low amount of air in the ice. High-resolution density measurements reveal the presence of strong layering, manifesting itself as centimeter-scale variations. Despite this heterogeneous stratification, all layers, including the ones that are especially dense or less dense compared to their surroundings, display similar pore morphology and closed porosity as a function of density. This implies that all layers close in a similar way, even though some close in advance or later compared to the bulk firn. Investigation of the chemistry data suggests that in the trapping zone, the observed stratification is partly related to the presence of chemical impurities.
Scoring Antarctic surface mass balance in climate models to refine future projections
Authors: Gorte Tessa , Lenaerts Jan T. M. , Medley Brooke
Published: December 2019

Abstract. An increase of Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) surface mass balance (SMB) has the potential to mitigate future sea level rise that is driven by enhanced solid ice discharge from the ice sheet. For climate models, AIS SMB provides a difficult challenge, as it is highly susceptible to spatial, seasonal and interannual variability. Here we use a reconstructed data set of AIS snow accumulation as "true" observational data, to evaluate the ability of the CMIP5 and CMIP6 suites of models in capturing the mean, trends, temporal variability and spatial variability in SMB over the historical period (1850–2000). This gives insight into which models are most reliable for predicting SMB into the future. We found that the best scoring models included the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's GISS models and the Max Planck Institute far Meteorologie's MPI models. Using a scoring system based on SMB magnitude, trend, and temporal variability across the AIS, as well as spatial SMB variability, we selected a subset of the top 10th percentile of models to refine 21st century (2000–2100) AIS-integrated SMB projections to 2295 ± 1222 Gt per year 2382 ± 1316 Gt per year, and 2648 ± 1530 Gt per year for Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5, respectively. We also reduced the spread in AIS-integrated mean SMB by 78 %, 75 %, and 78 % in RCPs 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5, respectively.
Actuator Line Simulations of Wind Turbine Wakes Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Asmuth Henrik , Olivares-Espinosa Hugo , Ivanell Stefan
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The presented work investigates the potential of large-eddy simulations (LES) of wind turbine wakes using the cumulant lattice Boltzmann method (CLBM). The wind turbine is represented by the actuator line model (ALM) that is implemented in a GPU-accelerated (Graphics Processing Unit) lattice Boltzmann framework. The implementation is validated and discussed by means of a code-to-code comparison to an established finite-volume Navier-Stokes solver. To this end, the ALM is subjected to a uniform laminar inflow while a standard Smagorinsky sub-grid scale model is employed in both numerical approaches. The comparison shows a good agreement in terms of the blade loads and near-wake characteristics. The main differences are found in the point of laminar-turbulent transition of the wake and the resulting far-wake. In line with other studies these differences can be attributed to the different orders of accuracy of the two methods. In a second part the possibilities of implicit LES with the CLBM are investigated using a limiter applied to the third-order cumulants in the scheme's collision operator. The study shows that the limiter generally ensures numerical stability. Nevertheless, a universal tuning approach for the limiter appears to be required, especially for perturbation-sensitive transition studies. In summary, the range of discussed cases outline the general feasibility of wind turbine simulations using the CLBM. In addition, it highlights the potential of GPU-accelerated LBM implementations to significantly speed up LES in the field of wind energy.
Idea y práctica de la democracia en la Roma republicana
Authors: Pina Polo Francisco
Published: December 2019

Desde hace décadas existe un debate historiográfico sobre la definición de la República romana: ¿democracia o aristocracia? Es indudable que había en la Roma republicana elementos propios de un sistema democrático, pero esto no hacía necesariamente de ella una democracia. Ahora bien, ¿qué le hubiera parecido a un romano este debate historiográfico? Seguramente le hubiera resultado improcedente e innecesario, porque los romanos nunca pensaron que su res publica fuera una democracia. De hecho, los romanos nunca necesitaron transcribir al latín la palabra griega δημοκρατία ni inventar una palabra o expresión propia con valor universal para ese concepto. La democracia fue siempre una idea extraña en Roma, más propia de Graeculi. Ciertamente, autores griegos muy tardíos, como Apiano y Casio Dión, llamaron δημοκρατία a la República romana, pero no lo hicieron en términos absolutos porque fuera realmente una democracia homologable a la ateniense de época clásica, sino en términos relativos para referirse a un sistema de gobierno que no era unipersonal.
Optimal fluid management in sepsis
Authors: Martin Greg S.
Published: December 2019

Sepsis clinically manifests as life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection. Optimal fluid resuscitation is relevant for all sepsis patients, and perhaps it is most important for those with septic shock. Septic shock is defined as a subset of sepsis in which particularly profound circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities are associated with a greatest risk of mortality, and septic shock is clinically identified as sepsis patients with serum lactate level >2 mmol/L and who require vasopressor infusion to maintain a mean arterial pressure ≥  65 mm Hg in the absence of hypovolemia. Sepsis is among the most common conditions in the intensive care unit (ICU), accounting for up to half of all hospital deaths and being the third leading cause of death overall in the United States.

Sepsis and septic shock are medical emergencies for which treatment and resuscitation should begin immediately. The goals of fluid resuscitation for these patients are: a) to rapidly replace intravascular volume and restore tissue perfusion, and b) to minimize organ dysfunction through timely interventions that either halt or reverse the physiologic derangements. If hypoperfusion is present, at least 30 mL/kg of IV crystalloid fluid should be given rapidly, and additional fluids should be guided by frequent reassessment of hemodynamic status, preferably using dynamic indices to indicate the likelihood of a beneficial response to fluid administration. Fluid administration should be targeted to achieve a MAP of at least 65 mm Hg, and to normalize lactate in patients with elevated lactate due to hypoperfusion.

Balanced crystalloids are the fluid of first choice for sepsis resuscitation based on ready availability and taking medication costs into account. Use of 0.9% saline compared to a balanced crystalloid, such as lactated Ringer's or PlasmaLyte, produces more kidney dysfunction and with a greater risk of dying. The individual side effect profiles may best differentiate the natural and synthetic colloids. Albumin may be considered for administration to sepsis patients with refractory shock or who have received substantial amounts of crystalloid fluids, but should not be administered to patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) products should not be administered to patients with sepsis because of increased risk of acute kidney injury and death. Gelatin solutions are not recommended in sepsis.

Norepinephrine is the vasopressor of first choice for patients with septic shock, and should be administered to achieve a mean arterial pressure of at least 65 mm Hg after excluding hypovolemia as a cause for hypotension. The selection of a second line vasopressor, such as vasopressin, dopamine, phenylephrine, epinephrine or angiotensin-2, depends on patient factors such as underlying cardiac dysfunction, presence of arrhythmias, and current response to vasoconstrictor or inotropic agents. Dopamine should not be used for renal perfusion or protection and it should be avoided in patients with tachyarrhythmias.
O Desafio da razão no "ceticismo total" de Hume e a influência cartesiana
Authors: Campelo Wendel
Published: December 2019

Na seção 1.4.1 Do ceticismo quanto à razão do Tratado da Natureza Humana (1739-40), David Hume apresenta o argumento cético, conhecido pelos intérpretes como o “argumento da diminuição”, que pode ser divido em duas partes: 1) dado o caráter falível de nossas operações cognitivas, todo o “conhecimento degenera em probabilidade”; e 2) dada a incerteza e a dúvida que comumente acompanham os nossos raciocínios probabilísticos, todo raciocínio é, no fim das contas, reduzido a nada e, consequentemente, somos levados à “extinção total da crença e da evidência”. Apontaremos, em primeiro lugar, que o argumento cético contra a razão baseia-se no argumento cartesiano do “deus enganador” e, em segundo, que Hume rejeita que podemos endossar seriamente a “extinção total da crença e da evidência”. O que nos leva a propor a seguinte questão: em que consiste, para Hume, o status dos argumentos céticos? Responder tal pergunta implica em esclarecer outros dois problemas, pois, se não podemos atingir o “ceticismo total”, podemos, então, confiar em nossa faculdade de raciocínio? Se sim, sob quais condições podemos? Vê-se, afinal, que a solução de Hume consiste claramente em conferir limites à nossa faculdade de raciocínio, a fim de evitar sua autodestruição.