bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Note sur la révision des moyens techniques permettant d'acquérir des données anthropométriques en contexte préventif
Authors: Crépeau N. , Felix-Sanchez M. , Chenal F. , Lacrampe-Cuyaubère F. , Beauval C.
Published: June 2017

De nombreuses séries ostéoanthropologiques ont été fouillées et étudiées par les membres de la SARL Archéosphère, société agréée pour la réalisation de fouilles archéologiques préventives de 2005 à 2015. Nous avons engagé sur chacune d'entre elles des analyses ostéométriques plus ou moins approfondies en fonction des problématiques d'étude et de l'état de conservation des restes osseux. Une réflexion s'est alors engagée sur le choix des variables et leur mode d'acquisition sur le terrain comme en laboratoire, afin de concilier les contraintes temporelles et les problématiques de chaque site. Ainsi, les moyens techniques couramment employés (fiches de terrain et base de données) ont été revus, optimisés et testés pour s'adapter au contexte préventif tout en limitant les pertes d'informations et en facilitant le traitement des données. Le développement d'une base de données en réseau a particulièrement contribué à ces améliorations. Nous proposerons en conclusion quelques pistes de réflexion pour perfectionner et diffuser ces outils à d'autres institutions, avec pour objectif d'améliorer l'acquisition des données métriques et leur partage au sein de la communauté scientifique.
Maternal intake of cashew nuts accelerates reflex maturation and facilitates memory in the offspring
Authors: de Melo Marília Ferreira Frazão Tavares , Pereira Diego Elias , Sousa Morgana Moura , Medeiros Dilian Maise Ferreira , Lemos Leanderson Tulio Marques , Madruga Marta Suely , Santos Nayane Medeiros , de Oliveira Maria Elieidy Gomes , de Menezes Camila Carolina , Soares Juliana Késsia Barbosa
Published: June 2017

Essential fatty acids, being indispensable during the stages of pregnancy, lactation and infancy influence the transmission of nerve impulses and brain function, and cashew nuts are a good source of these fatty acids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of cashew nut consumption on reflex development, memory and profile of fatty acids of rat offspring treated during pregnancy and lactation. The animals were divided into three groups: Control (CONT), treated with 7% lipid derived from soybean oil; Normolipidic (NL) treated with 7% lipids derived from cashew nuts; and Hyperlipidic (HL) treated with 20% lipids derived from cashew nuts. Reflex ontogeny, Open‐field habituation test and the Object Recognition Test (ORT) were assessed. The profile of fatty acids in the brain was carried out when the animals were zero, 21 and 60 days old. Accelerated reflex maturation was observed in animals treated with cashew nuts (p < 0.05). NL presented better memory in the Open‐field habituation test; the NL and HL showed improvement of short‐term memory in the ORT, but long term damage in HL (p < 0.05). The results of the lipid profile of the brain at the end of the experiment showed an increase in levels of saturated fatty acids and less Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in animals of the HL. The data showed that maternal consumption of cashew nuts can accelerate reflex maturation and facilitate memory in offspring when offered in adequate quantities.
Landiolol suppression of electrical storm of torsades de pointes in patients with congenital long‐QT syndrome type 2 and myocardial ischemia
Authors: Kitajima Ryota , Aiba Takeshi , Kamakura Tsukasa , Ishibashi Kohei , Wada Mitsuru , Inoue Yuko , Miyamoto Koji , Okamura Hideo , Noda Takashi , Nagase Satoshi , Kataoka Yu , Asaumi Yasuhide , Noguchi Teruo , Yasuda Satoshi , Kusano Kengo
Published: June 2017

A 76‐year‐old man who had been diagnosed with long‐QT syndrome type 2 had frequent syncopal attacks. The electrocardiogram was monitored, and frequent torsades de pointes (TdP) was detected despite administration of conventional medications: oral propranolol, verapamil, intravenous magnesium sulfate, verapamil, and lidocaine. In contrast, 2 μg/kg/min landiolol could completely suppress TdP. Subsequently, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator was placed, and he was diagnosed with silent myocardial ischemia using myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and coronary angiography. This is the first case report wherein landiolol effectively suppressed TdP due to long‐QT syndrome with silent myocardial ischemia.
The ergative-antipassive alternation in Inuktitut: Analyzed in a case of new-dialect formation
Authors: Carrier Julien
Published: June 2017

This paper analyzes the ergative-antipassive alternation in Inuktitut using a variationist sociolinguistic approach. This alternation is not a typical linguistic variable, as these constructions are traditionally believed to have different syntactic functions. However, the nature of those functions remains controversial (e.g., Bittner 1987, Manga 1996), and they are undergoing changes in some dialects (e.g., Johns 2001, Carrier 2012), with the antipassive being increasingly used in place of the ergative. Thus, a variationist sociolinguistic approach is employed here to identify the significant functions of these constructions, and to find the specific context where they overlap and the language change is taking place. The study examines data collected in Resolute Bay, Nunavut, which presents a case of new-dialect formation due to the High Arctic relocation. The analysis reveals the functions of these constructions, describes the source of fading ergativity for the dialects considered in this study, and supports Trudgill's (2004) theory on new-dialect formation.
Law, Design, and Market Value: Lessons from the Cantilever Chair, 1929–1936
Authors: VOGELGSANG TOBIAS
Published: June 2017

The cantilever chair is both a modern classic and a tradable commodity. Iconic designs, such as those by Marcel Breuer, are part of museum collections and are being produced for the contemporary furniture market. Moreover, there are countless other variations of the cantilever principle on the market. This article explains the emergence of the upmarket segment for iconic designs through historical sources. The focus is on the role of intellectual property rights and their interaction with management, branding, and pricing activities in the early 1930s. The article establishes that legal and perceived authenticity of cantilever designs were necessary but not sufficient to establish the upmarket segment. A substantial premium could only be charged once customers revealed that they had a high willingness to pay for authentic furniture that was chrome-plated.
UPPER BOUNDS FOR SUNFLOWER-FREE SETS
Authors: NASLUND ERIC , SAWIN WILL
Published: June 2017

A collection of $k$ sets is said to form a $k$-sunflower, or $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}$-system, if the intersection of any two sets from the collection is the same, and we call a family of sets ${\mathcal{F}}$sunflower-free if it contains no $3$-sunflowers. Following the recent breakthrough of Ellenberg and Gijswijt (‘On large subsets of $\mathbb{F}_{q}^{n}$ with no three-term arithmetic progression’, Ann. of Math. (2) 185 (2017), 339–343); (‘Progression-free sets in $\mathbb{Z}_{4}^{n}$ are exponentially small’, Ann. of Math. (2) 185 (2017), 331–337) we apply the polynomial method directly to Erdős–Szemerédi sunflower problem (Erdős and Szemerédi, ‘Combinatorial properties of systems of sets’, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 24 (1978), 308–313) and prove that any sunflower-free family ${\mathcal{F}}$ of subsets of $\{1,2,\ldots ,n\}$ has size at most $$\begin{eqnarray}|{\mathcal{F}}|\leqslant 3n\mathop{\sum }_{k\leqslant n/3}\binom{n}{k}\leqslant \left(\frac{3}{2^{2/3}}\right)^{n(1+o(1))}.\end{eqnarray}$$ We say that a set $A\subset (\mathbb{Z}/D\mathbb{Z})^{n}=\{1,2,\ldots ,D\}^{n}$ for $D>2$ is sunflower-free if for every distinct triple $x,y,z\in A$ there exists a coordinate $i$ where exactly two of $x_{i},y_{i},z_{i}$ are equal. Using a version of the polynomial method with characters $\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}:\mathbb{Z}/D\mathbb{Z}\rightarrow \mathbb{C}$ instead of polynomials, we show that any sunflower-free set $A\subset (\mathbb{Z}/D\mathbb{Z})^{n}$ has size $$\begin{eqnarray}|A|\leqslant c_{D}^{n}\end{eqnarray}$$ where $c_{D}=\frac{3}{2^{2/3}}(D-1)^{2/3}$. This can be seen as making further progress on a possible approach to proving the Erdős and Rado sunflower conjecture (‘Intersection theorems for systems of sets’,J. Lond. Math. Soc. (2) 35 (1960), 85–90), which by the work of Alon et al. (‘On sunflowers and matrix multiplication’, Comput. Complexity22 (2013), 219–243; Theorem 2.6) is equivalent to proving that $c_{D}\leqslant C$ for some constant $C$ independent of $D$.
Numerical Study of Strong Interplay Between Cavity and Store During Launching
Authors: Yan P. P. , Zhang Q. F. , Li J.
Published: June 2017

Numerical investigation of the strong interplay between a cavity and a store under supersonic inflow condition is conducted by using Improved Delayed Detach-Eddy Simulation (IDDES). Pressure fluctuations in the cavity are analyzed with smooth pseudo Winger-Vile distribution method and the time-frequency features are obtained. The effects of fluctuating flow inside the cavity on the aerodynamic loads of the store are also studied. It was shown that when the store is falling through the shear layer, the self-sustained oscillation loop is destroyed and the cavity tone vanishes. Vortex structures concentrate in the back of the cavity, as a result the noise levels at the rear of the cavity increase. After the store falls out of the cavity, the oblique shock wave formed at store's head interferences with the shear layer, which changes the cavity tone frequencies. The forces and moments acting on the store fluctuate strongly influenced by highly unsteady flow-field. Affected by oblique shock and the impact of shear layer, the store's pitch up angle keeps rising up and reaches to 24° at its maximum.
Effect of high-protein meal replacement on weight and cardiometabolic profile in overweight/obese Asian Indians in North India
Authors: Gulati Seema , Misra Anoop , Tiwari Rajneesh , Sharma Meenu , Pandey Ravindra M. , Yadav Chander Prakash
Published: June 2017

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a high-protein meal replacement (HPMR) on weight and metabolic, lipid and inflammatory parameters in overweight/obese Asian Indians. In this 12-week open-label, parallel-arm randomised controlled trial, 122 overweight/obese men and women were administered either a HPMR or a control diet after 2 weeks of diet and exercise run-in. Body weight, waist circumference (WC), percentage body fat (%BF), fasting blood glucose, post-oral glucose tolerance test (post-OGTT) blood glucose, fasting and post-OGTT serum insulin, lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), kidney function and hepatic aminotransferases were assessed before and after the intervention. Additional improvement in mean values for the following parameters in the HPMR group compared with the control group was observed: body weight, 4·9 % (95 % CI 3·8, 6·1; P<0·001); WC, 3·8 % (95 % CI 2·5, 5·1; P<0·001); %BF, 6·3 % (95 % CI 4·3, 8·2; P<0·001); systolic blood pressure, 2·8 % (95 % CI 0·4, 5·1; P=0·002); diastolic blood pressure, 3·5 % (95 % CI 0·7, 6·3; P= 0·01); post-OGTT blood glucose, 7·3 % (95 % CI 1·4, 13·1; P=0·02); total cholesterol, 2·5 % (95 % CI 1·6, 3·5; P<0·001); LDL-cholesterol, 7·3 % (95 % CI 1·7, 12·9; P<0·01); alanine aminotransferase, 22·0 % (95 % CI 2·1, 42; P=0·03) and aspartate aminotransferase, 15·2 % (95 % CI 0·9, 29·5; P=0·04). The absolute reduction in BMI was 0·9 units in the intervention arm compared with the control arm (–0·9 %, 95 % CI –1·4, –0·5; P<0·001) and in serum TAG was 11·9 mg/dl (–11·9 mg/dl, 95 % CI –21·1, –2·7; P<0·01). The reduction in fasting serum insulin in the intervention v. the control arm was 3·8 v. 0 % (P=0·002); post-OGTT serum insulin was 50·3 v. 77·3 mU/l (P=0·005); and hs-CRP, 16·7 % v. 0 % (P=0·002). These findings show that intervention with HPMR may lead to significant weight loss and improvement in obesity measures, metabolic, lipid and inflammatory parameters and hepatic transaminases in overweight/obese Asian Indians.
Biological characterization and mating compatibility ofHelicoverpa gelotopoeon(D.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations from different regions in Argentina
Authors: Herrero M.I. , Fogliata S.V. , Vera A. , Casmuz A. , Sosa Gómez D. , Castagnaro A.P. , Gastaminza G. , Murúa M.G.
Published: June 2017

Helicoverpa gelotopoeon, the South American bollworm, is a polyphagous pest of the Heliothinae complex that causes damage to soybean, cotton, and chickpea crops. Some species within this complex have developed resistance to genetically modified crops and insecticides, which has led to increased interest in their genetic diversity and population structure. The objective of this study was to characterize biological and reproductive parameters of two populations ofH. gelotopoeoncollected in two different provinces of Argentina. Intra- and inter-population crosses revealed thatH. gelotopoeonpopulations from both regions of Argentina did not present evidence of pre-zygotic and post-zygotic incompatibility, suggesting that Tucumán and Córdoba populations ofH. gelotopoeonbelong to a single wide-ranging species. Our data support the occurrence of substantial gene flow betweenH. gelotopoeonpopulations, probably due to the widely documented, long-range migratory capacity of Heliothinae species.
EFFECTS OF PLANTING SYSTEMS AND STRAW MULCHING ON CARBON EMISSIONS AND WINTER WHEAT GRAIN YIELD IN THE NORTH CHINA PLAIN
Authors: REN YUJIE , GAO CHAO , YAN ZHENXING , ZONG RUI , MA YUZHAO , LI QUANQI
Published: June 2017

To explore effective ways to decrease soil CO2 emission and increase winter wheat grain yield in the North China Plain, a field experiment was conducted using two planting systems (wide-precision planting and conventional-cultivation planting) and two straw mulching rates (0 and 0.6 kg m−2) to study carbon emission, carbon cumulative emission flux, grain yield and yield carbon utilization efficiency. In the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 winter wheat growing seasons, CO2 emission rate and cumulative CO2-C fluxes following straw mulching treatment were significantly lower than those following non-mulching treatments, whereas the yield carbon utilization efficiency was significant higher following straw mulching treatment. Straw mulching significantly reduced winter wheat grain yield, which was mainly due to the significant decrease in spike numbers and 1000-kernel weight. However, wide-precision planting system significantly increased winter wheat grain yields by increasing spike numbers under straw mulching conditions. Therefore, wide-precision planting system could compensate for the reduction in winter wheat grain yield under carbon sequestration conditions in the North China Plain.
AN IMPERIAL APOSTLE? ST PAUL, PROTESTANT CONVERSION, AND SOUTH ASIAN CHRISTIANITY
Authors: DAS SHINJINI
Published: June 2017

This article explores the locally specific (re)construction of a biblical figure, the Apostle St Paul, in India, to unravel the entanglement of religion with British imperial ideology on the one hand, and to understand the dynamics of colonial conversion on the other. Over the nineteenth century, evangelical pamphlets and periodicals heralded St Paul as the ideal missionary, who championed conversion to Christianity but within an imperial context: that of the first-century Roman Mediterranean. Through an examination of missionary discourses, along with a study of Indian (Hindu and Islamic) intellectual engagement with Christianity including Bengali convert narratives, this article studies St Paul as a reference point for understanding the contours of ‘vernacular Christianity’ in nineteenth-century India. Drawing upon colonial Christian publications mainly from Bengal, the article focuses on the multiple reconfigurations of Paul: as a crucial mascot of Anglican Protestantism, as a justification of British imperialism, as an ideological resource for anti-imperial sentiments, and as a theological inspiration for Hindu reform and revivalist organization.
GENDER IN THE HISTORY OF EARLY MODERN POLITICAL THOUGHT
Authors: BECKER ANNA
Published: June 2017

In the history of early modern political thought, gender is not well established as a subject. It seems that early modern politics and its philosophical underpinnings are characterized by an exclusion of women from the political sphere. This article shows that it is indeed possible to write a gendered history of early modern political thought that transcends questions of the structural exclusion of women from political participation. Through a nuanced reading of fifteenth- and sixteenth-century commentaries on Aristotle's practical philosophy, it deconstructs notions on the public/political and private/apolitical divide and reconstructs that early modern thinkers saw the relationship of husband and wife as deeply political. The article argues that it is both necessary and possible to write gender in and into the history of political thought in a historically sound and firmly contextual way that avoids anachronisms, and it shows – as Joan Scott has suggested – that gender is indeed a ‘useful category’ in the history of political thought.
Highway to Hell? Images of the American Road in Kelly Reichardt'sOld Joy,Wendy and Lucy, andMeek's Cutoff
Authors: HESTER DIARMUID
Published: June 2017

This article examines representations of the road in the work of independent Florida-born film director Kelly Reichardt. Reading Reichardt's so-called Oregon trilogy,Old Joy(2006),Wendy and Lucy(2008), andMeek's Cutoff(2010), alongside radical anti-freeway and anti-automobile movements from the Pacific Northwest, I argue that Reichardt's films offer critical engagements with the subject of the American road, interrogating the freedom and emancipation from social constraint it purportedly offers.
Using milk leukocyte differentials for diagnosis of subclinical bovine mastitis
Authors: Gonçalves Juliano Leonel , Lyman Roberta L. , Hockett Mitchell , Rodriguez Rudy , dos Santos Marcos Veiga , Anderson Kevin L.
Published: June 2017

This research study aimed to evaluate the use of the milk leukocyte differential (MLD) to: (a) identify quarter milks that are culture-positive; and (b) characterize the milk leukocyte responses to specific groups of pathogens causing subclinical mastitis. The MLD measures the absolute number and relative percentage of inflammatory cells in milk samples. Using the MLD in two dairy herds (170 and 172 lactating cows, respectively), we studied all lactating cows with a most recent monthly Dairy Herd Improvement Association somatic cell count (SCC) >200 × 103 cells/ml. Quarter milk samples from 78 cows meeting study criteria were analysed by MLD and aseptically collected milk samples were subjected to microbiological culture (MC). Based upon automated instrument evaluation of the number and percentage of inflammatory cells in milk, samples were designated as either MLD-positive or – negative for subclinicial mastitis. Positive MC were obtained from 102/156 (65·4%) of MLD-positive milk samples, and 28/135 (20·7%) of MLD-negative milk samples were MC-positive. When MC was considered the gold standard for mastitis diagnosis, the calculated diagnostic Se of the MLD was 65·4% (IC95% = 57·4 to 72·8%) and the Sp was 79·3% (IC95% = 71·4 to 85·7%). Quarter milks positive on MC had higher absolute numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages, with higher neutrophils% and lymphocytes% but lower macrophages%. The Log10 (N/L) ratios were the most useful ratio to differentiate specific subclinical mastitis quarters from healthy quarters. Use of the MLD on cows with monthly composite SCC > 200 × 103 cells/ml for screening at quarter level identified quarters more likely to be culture-positive.

In conclusion, the MLD can provide an analysis of mammary quarter status more detailed than provided by SCC alone; however, the MLD response to subclinical mastitis was not found useful to specifically identify the causative pathogen.
Squarefree doubly primitive divisors in dynamical sequences
Authors: GHIOCA DRAGOS , NGUYEN KHOA D. , TUCKER THOMAS J.
Published: June 2017

LetKbe a number field or a function field of characteristic 0, letφ∈K(z) with deg(φ) ⩾ 2, and letα∈ ℙ1(K). LetSbe a finite set of places ofKcontaining all the archimedean ones and the primes whereφhas bad reduction. After excluding all the natural counterexamples, we define a subsetA(φ,α) of ℤ⩾0× ℤ>0and show that for all but finitely many (m,n) ∈A(φ,α) there is a prime 𝔭 ∉Ssuch that ord𝔭(φm+n(α)−φm(α)) = 1 andαhas portrait (m,n) under the action ofφmodulo 𝔭. This latter condition implies ord𝔭(φu+v(α)−φu(α)) ⩽ 0 for (u,v) ∈ ℤ⩾0× ℤ>0satisfyingu<morv<n. Our proof assumes a conjecture of Vojta for ℙ1× ℙ1in the number field case and is unconditional in the function field case thanks to a deep theorem of Yamanoi. This paper extends earlier work of Ingram–Silverman, Faber–Granville and the authors.
Cryptic and cumulative impacts on the wintering habitat of the endangered black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) risk its long-term viability
Authors: PICKETT EVAN J. , CHAN MELANIE , CHENG WENDA , ALLCOCK JOHN , CHAN SIMBA , HU JUNHUA , LEE KISUP , SMITH BENA , XING SHUANG , YU YAT-TUNG , BONEBRAKE TIMOTHY C.
Published: June 2017

The East Asian–Australasian flyway contains some of the most threatened habitats in the world, with at least 155 waterbird species reliant on the tidal habitats it comprises. The black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) is an iconic endangered species distributed across the coast of East Asia. Its population suffered a severe decline into the 1990s, but extensive monitoring and conservation interventions have aided a substantial recovery of the species. We used a population viability analysis based on data collected over the past two decades in conjunction with species distribution models to project spatially explicit models of population change for the next 35 years. Over nearly all scenarios of habitat loss and climate change, the global spoonbill population was projected to increase in the short-term due to low population numbers likely well below current population carrying capacities. However, climate change and habitat loss together threaten the recovery of the spoonbill population such that, by 2050, population declines are apparent as a consequence of these cumulative impacts. These threats are also cryptic and represent a challenge to the conservation of species recovering from anthropogenic impacts; observed population increases can hide large reductions in habitat suitability that threaten the long-term viability of species.
SALVAGING RECURRING THEMES OF HISTORICAL MEMORY IN THE COHUIXCA PROVINCE OF TEPECOACUILCO (COHUIXCATLACAPAN), GUERRERO, MEXICO, 1460 TO 1580
Authors: Megged Amos
Published: June 2017

This article aims to fill in some of the lacunae that still exist regarding the Cohuixca ethnicity of the northeastern part of the State of Guerrero. To do so, it introduces a qualitative methodological approach into ethnohistory, which discerns pervasive patterns of special understanding that guided indigenous testimony in the colonial Spanish courtroom. It emphasizes that early colonial Cohuixca testimonies were deeply influenced by what are called, in Western terms, cadastral maps or cartographic histories or, in Nahuatl,amoxtli tlalamatl altepeamatl(“land papers,” titles of each town and district) in the former Cohuixca province of Tepecoacuilco (Cohuixcatlacapan), these geographical elements being heavily reinforced by oral retelling. Therefore, in order to establish a seemingly coherent plot of the past that would overcome fragmentation and chaos, the indigenous witnesses appearing in our sources relied heavily on unique visual schemata that assisted them in assembling the mental shreds and remnants of past experiences to restore them within the traditional framework and formulae of information transmission only modestly affected by the Spanish conquest.
Gastrointestinal haemorrhage due to lymphangiectasia caused by protein-losing enteropathy in the Fontan circulation
Authors: Gras Pauline , Gottrand Frédéric , Godart François
Published: June 2017

We report the case of a 14-year-old boy with severe protein-losing enteropathy after Fontan surgery that led to lymphangiectasia, which caused gastrointestinal haemorrhage and required invasive treatment to stop the bleeding. Through this case and a review of the literature on protein-losing enteropathy after Fontan surgery, we highlight a rare and serious presentation of the disease and the difficulties of diagnosis and management.
Influence of weight at the time of first palliation on survival in patients with a single ventricle
Authors: Surendran Sushitha , Kumar T. K. Susheel , Tansey Ben , Allen Jerry , Zurakowski David , Boston Umar , Shah Samir H. , Knott-Craig Christopher J.
Published: June 2017

Background

Numerous advances in surgical techniques and understanding of single-ventricle physiology have resulted in improved survival. We sought to determine the influence of various demographic, perioperative, and patient-specific factors on the survival of single-ventricle patients following stage 1 palliation at our institution.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of all single-ventricle patients who had undergone staged palliation at our institution over an 8-year period. Data were collected from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery database and from patient charts. Information on age, weight at stage 1 palliation, prematurity, genetic abnormalities, non-cardiac anomalies, ventricular dominance, and type of palliation was collected. Information on mortality and unplanned reinterventions was also collected.

Results

A total of 72 patients underwent stage 1 palliation over an 8-year period. There were 12 deaths before and one death after stage 2 palliation. There was no hospital mortality following Glenn or Fontan procedures. On univariate analysis, low weight at the time of stage 1 palliation and prematurity were found to be risk factors for mortality following stage 1 palliation. However, multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed weight at stage 1 palliation to be a strong predictor of mortality. The type of stage 1 palliation did not have any influence on the outcome. No difference in survival was noted following the Glenn procedure.

Conclusion

Low weight has a deleterious impact on survival following stage 1 palliation. This is mitigated by stage 2 palliation. The type of stage 1 palliation itself has no bearing on the outcome.
Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the right pulmonary artery in a univentricular heart
Authors: Binsalamah Ziyad M. , Lara Diego A. , McKenzie Emmett D.
Published: June 2017

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the right pulmonary artery in single ventricles is a very rare congenital anomaly. Failure to recognise it preoperatively may lead to adverse outcomes, including death. We report the case of a neonate with a univentricular heart in the form of a double-outlet right ventricle, mitral atresia with discrete coarctation of the aorta, and an incidental intraoperative finding of an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the right pulmonary artery. The patient underwent a successful repair with an uneventful postoperative course.
Latent Cognitive Phenotypes in De Novo Parkinson’s Disease: A Person-Centered Approach
Authors: LaBelle Denise R. , Walsh Ryan R. , Banks Sarah J.
Published: June 2017

Objectives: Cognitive impairment is an important aspect of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but there is considerable heterogeneity in its presentation. This investigation aims to identify and characterize latent cognitive phenotypes in early PD. Methods: Latent class analysis, a data-driven, person-centered, cluster analysis was performed on cognitive data from the Parkinson’s Progressive Markers Initiative baseline visit. This analytic method facilitates identification of naturally occurring endophenotypes. Resulting classes were compared across biomarker, symptom, and demographic data. Results: Six cognitive phenotypes were identified. Three demonstrated consistent performance across indicators, representing poor (“Weak-Overall”), average (“Typical-Overall”), and strong (“Strong-Overall”) cognition. The remaining classes demonstrated unique patterns of cognition, characterized by “Strong-Memory,” “Weak-Visuospatial,” and “Amnestic” profiles. The Amnestic class evidenced greater tremor severity and anosmia, but was unassociated with biomarkers linked with Alzheimer’s disease. The Weak-Overall class was older and reported more non-motor features associated with cognitive decline, including anxiety, depression, autonomic dysfunction, anosmia, and REM sleep behaviors. The Strong-Overall class was younger, more female, and reported less dysautonomia and anosmia. Classes were unrelated to disease duration, functional independence, or available biomarkers. Conclusions: Latent cognitive phenotypes with focal patterns of impairment were observed in recently diagnosed individuals with PD. Cognitive profiles were found to be independent of traditional biomarkers and motoric indices of disease progression. Only globally impaired class was associated with previously reported indicators of cognitive decline, suggesting this group may drive the effects reported in studies using variable-based analysis. Longitudinal and neuroanatomical characterization of classes will yield further insight into the evolution of cognitive change in the disease. (JINS, 2017, 23, 551–563)
Prototype effects in first and second language learners: The case of English transitive semantics
Authors: SUPASIRAPRAPA SARUT
Published: June 2017

According to usage-based approaches to language acquisition, linguistic constructions should display prototype effects, or graded category membership (e.g., Bybee, 2010). Using the prototype-plus-distortion methodology (Franks & Bransford, 1971), Ibbotson, Theakston, Lieven, and Tomasello (2012) have provided evidence for prototype effects in adult native English speakers, who had false-positive recognition of sentences with prototypical transitive semantics as having been previously encountered after being exposed to non-prototypical transitive semantics. In the current study, I adopted this methodology and investigated whether the effects can be replicated and additionally observed from English-as-a-second-language (ESL) learners. Results from two groups of adult native English speakers (N=20 and N=21), each exposed to a different stimuli set, suggested some, but not strong, effects and revealed the complexity of the use of this methodology with linguistic materials. Moreover, no effects were observed from advanced adult ESL learners (N=22), suggesting possible differences between first and second transitive semantic representations.
LOYAL WORKERS AND DISTINGUISHED SCHOLARS: BIG HUMANITIES AND THE ETHICS OF KNOWLEDGE
Authors: WELLMON CHAD
Published: June 2017

Over the past two decades, long-running debates about the purposes and practices of humanistic inquiry have been refocused as a debate about the uncertain fate of the humanities in a digital age. Now, with the advent of digital and computational humanities, scholars are discussing with a new urgency what the humanities are for and what it means to practice them. And many suggest that the surfeit of digital data is unprecedented and are calling for new methods, practices, and epistemologies. This article considers these claims in light of a longer history of what Lorraine Daston has called “practices of compendia”––practices of collecting, collating, and interpreting massive amounts of data. It focuses, in particular, on the late nineteenth-century German historian Theodor Mommsen and the range of projects he initiated and led as secretary of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. Mommsen invented the “big humanities” and what his contemporaries termed the “industrial” model of scholarship, a model that helped create a new, modern scholarly persona and a distinctly modern ethics of knowledge.
Occurrence of Euwallacea sp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and its ambrosia fungus Cunninghamella echinulata on Ricinus communis in Coffea canephora gardens in Uganda
Authors: Egonyu James Peter , Mukasa Yosia , Ekwaru Robert , Ogari Isaac , Ahumuza Gladys
Published: June 2017

Euwallaceaspp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) are polyphagous globally distributed invasive ambrosia beetles. One of the species was recently detected attackingRicinus communisgrowing inCoffea canephoragardens in Uganda. This study was undertaken to: (a) determine the distribution, incidence, and relative abundance ofEuwallaceasp. onR. communisin Uganda; (b) determine the influence of the presence ofC. canephoraon the incidence and abundance ofEuwallaceasp. onR. communis; and (c) identify ambrosia fungus ofEuwallaceasp. onR. communis.FiveC. canephorafarms withR. communisand five others withR. communisbut withoutC. canephorawere sampled in each of the six districts surveyed. Incidence ofEuwallaceasp. onR. communiswas measured, by inspecting the host trees in each farm for the presence or absence of the pest. Abundance ofEuwallaceasp. onR. communiswas estimated, by counting holes ofEuwallaceasp. at the lower 1.7 m ofR. communisstems. A fungus was isolated from galleries ofEuwallaceasp. onR. communisand identified. Results show thatEuwallaceasp. was present onR. communisin all districts surveyed, with 30–70% of the farms infested in each district and 5–28 holes ofEuwallaceasp. found on each sampled stem ofR. communis. Coffea canephoraappeared to facilitate the infestation ofR. communisbyEuwallaceasp., although it did not seem to influence the multiplication of the insect inside the host.Cunninghamella echinulataappeared to be the ambrosia fungus associated withEuwallaceasp. Therefore,Euwallaceasp. is a threat to many economically important plants in Uganda that are known to be hosts of this pest.
The Wuhan Twin Birth Cohort (WTBC)
Authors: Zhao Jinzhu , Yang Shaoping , Peng Anna , Qian Zhengmin , Xian Hong , Chen Tianjiao , Dong Guanghui , Zhang Yiming , Hu Xijiang , Chen Zhong , Cao Jiangxia , Song Xiaojie , Xu Shunqing , Zheng Tongzhang , Zhang Bin
Published: June 2017

The Wuhan Pre/Post-Natal Twin Birth Registry (WPTBR) is one of the largest twin birth registries with comprehensive medical information in China. It recruits women from the first trimester of pregnancy and their twins from birth. From January 2006 to May 2016, the total number of twins enrolled in WPTBR is 13,869 twin pairs (27,553 individuals). The WPTBR initiated the Wuhan Twin Birth Cohort (WTBC). The WTBC is a prospective cohort study carried out through incorporation of three samples. The first one comprises 6,920 twin pairs, and the second one, 6,949 twin pairs. Both are population-based samples linked to the WPTBR and include pre- and post-natal information from WPTBR. The second sample includes neonatal blood spots as well. Using a hospital-based approach, we recently developed a third sample with a target enrolment of 1,000 twin pairs and their mothers. These twins are invited, via their parents, to participate in a periodic health examination from the first trimester of pregnancy to 18 years. Biological samples are collected initially from the mother, including blood, urine, cord blood, cord, amniotic fluid, placenta, breast milk and meconium, and vaginal secretions, and later from the twins, including meconium, stool, urine, and blood. This article describes the design, recruitment, follow-up, data collection, and measures, as well as ongoing and planned analyses at the WTBC. The WTBC offers a unique opportunity to follow women from prenatal to postnatal, as well as follow-up of their twins. This cohort study will expand the understanding of genetic and environmental influences on pregnancy and twins’ development in China.
Motivationaler und gesundheitsschädigender Prozess bei Deutschen Hospizhelfern
Authors: Wach Dominika , Hentschel Leopold , Rosenkranz Bettina , Rudolf Matthias
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung. Eine möglichst lang anhaltende Bindung (Retention) ehrenamtlicher Hospizhelfer an ihre Freiwilligentätigkeit und die Erhaltung der psychischen Gesundheit sind für ambulante Hospizdienste angesichts steigender Zahlen an hochaltrigen Menschen in unserer Gesellschaft sowie zeit- und ressourcenaufwendiger Qualifikation der Ehrenamtlichen wichtige Kenngrößen. Basierend auf dem Job Demands-Resources Modell (JD-R) untersuchte die vorliegende Studie mögliche Prädiktoren für die Absicht, in der Freiwilligentätigkeit zu verbleiben (Retentionsabsicht), und die psychische Gesundheit bei 110 ehrenamtlichen Hospizhelfern. Im Sinne des motivationalen Prozesses zeigten wir einen positiven direkten Effekt der Ressourcen freiwilliger Hospizhelfer auf deren Retentionsabsicht. Zudem fanden wir einen signifikanten negativen indirekten Effekt von Anforderungen auf die psychische Gesundheit der Freiwilligen, welcher über Burnout vermittelt wurde. Insgesamt sprechen die Ergebnisse für eine hohe Ausprägung der Retentionsabsicht von ehrenamtlichen Hospizhelfern und für geringe Burnout-Werte, jedoch bei mehr als einem Viertel der Studienteilnehmer für Depressivitätswerte, die einer weiteren Diagnostik bedürfen.
Aging affects the balance of neural entrainment and top-down neural modulation in the listening brain
Authors: Henry Molly J. , Herrmann Björn , Kunke Dunja , Obleser Jonas
Published: June 2017

Healthy aging is accompanied by listening difficulties, including decreased speech comprehension, that stem from an ill-understood combination of sensory and cognitive changes. Here, we use electroencephalography to demonstrate that auditory neural oscillations of older adults entrain less firmly and less flexibly to speech-paced (∼3 Hz) rhythms than younger adults’ during attentive listening. These neural entrainment effects are distinct in magnitude and origin from the neural response to soundper se. Non-entrained parieto-occipital alpha (8–12 Hz) oscillations are enhanced in young adults, but suppressed in older participants, during attentive listening. Entrained neural phase and task-induced alpha amplitude exert opposite, complementary effects on listening performance: higher alpha amplitude is associated with reduced entrainment-driven behavioural performance modulation. Thus, alpha amplitude as a task-driven, neuro-modulatory signal can counteract the behavioural corollaries of neural entrainment. Balancing these two neural strategies may present new paths for intervention in age-related listening difficulties.
Phosphate steering by Flap Endonuclease 1 promotes 5′-flap specificity and incision to prevent genome instability
Authors: Tsutakawa Susan E. , Thompson Mark J. , Arvai Andrew S. , Neil Alexander J. , Shaw Steven J. , Algasaier Sana I. , Kim Jane C. , Finger L. David , Jardine Emma , Gotham Victoria J.B. , Sarker Altaf H. , Her Mai Z. , Rashid Fahad , Hamdan Samir M. , Mirkin Sergei M. , Grasby Jane A. , Tainer John A.
Published: June 2017

DNA replication and repair enzyme Flap Endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is vital for genome integrity, and FEN1 mutations arise in multiple cancers. FEN1 precisely cleaves single-stranded (ss) 5′-flaps one nucleotide into duplex (ds) DNA. Yet, how FEN1 selects for but does not incise the ss 5′-flap was enigmatic. Here we combine crystallographic, biochemical and genetic analyses to show that two dsDNA binding sites set the 5′polarity and to reveal unexpected control of the DNA phosphodiester backbone by electrostatic interactions. Via ‘phosphate steering’, basic residues energetically steer an inverted ss 5′-flap through a gateway over FEN1’s active site and shift dsDNA for catalysis. Mutations of these residues cause an 18,000-fold reduction in catalytic rate in vitro and large-scale trinucleotide (GAA)n repeat expansions in vivo, implying failed phosphate-steering promotes an unanticipated lagging-strand template-switch mechanism during replication. Thus, phosphate steering is an unappreciated FEN1 function that enforces 5′-flap specificity and catalysis, preventing genomic instability.
Beam electrons as a source of Hα flare ribbons
Authors: Druett Malcolm , Scullion Eamon , Zharkova Valentina , Matthews Sarah , Zharkov Sergei , Rouppe Van der Voort Luc
Published: June 2017

The observations of solar flare onsets show rapid increase of hard and soft X-rays, ultra-violet emission with large Doppler blue shifts associated with plasma upflows, and Hα hydrogen emission with red shifts up to 1–4 Å. Modern radiative hydrodynamic models account well for blue-shifted emission, but struggle to reproduce closely the red-shifted Hα lines. Here we present a joint hydrodynamic and radiative model showing that during the first seconds of beam injection the effects caused by beam electrons can reproduce Hα line profiles with large red-shifts closely matching those observed in a C1.5 flare by the Swedish Solar Telescope. The model also accounts closely for timing and magnitude of upward motion to the corona observed 29 s after the event onset in 171 Å by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly/Solar Dynamics Observatory.
CDK4/6 and autophagy inhibitors synergistically induce senescence in Rb positive cytoplasmic cyclin E negative cancers
Authors: Vijayaraghavan Smruthi , Karakas Cansu , Doostan Iman , Chen Xian , Bui Tuyen , Yi Min , Raghavendra Akshara S. , Zhao Yang , Bashour Sami I. , Ibrahim Nuhad K. , Karuturi Meghan , Wang Jing , Winkler Jeffrey D. , Amaravadi Ravi K. , Hunt Kelly K. , Tripathy Debu , Keyomarsi Khandan
Published: June 2017

Deregulation of the cell cycle machinery is a hallmark of cancer. While CDK4/6 inhibitors are FDA approved (palbociclib) for treating advanced estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, two major clinical challenges remain: (i) adverse events leading to therapy discontinuation and (ii) lack of reliable biomarkers. Here we report that breast cancer cells activate autophagy in response to palbociclib, and that the combination of autophagy and CDK4/6 inhibitors induces irreversible growth inhibition and senescence in vitro, and diminishes growth of cell line and patient-derived xenograft tumours in vivo. Furthermore, intact G1/S transition (Rb-positive and low-molecular-weight isoform of cyclin E (cytoplasmic)-negative) is a reliable prognostic biomarker in ER positive breast cancer patients, and predictive of preclinical sensitivity to this drug combination. Inhibition of CDK4/6 and autophagy is also synergistic in other solid cancers with an intact G1/S checkpoint, providing a novel and promising biomarker-driven combination therapeutic strategy to treat breast and other solid tumours.
Engineering the thermal conductivity along an individual silicon nanowire by selective helium ion irradiation
Authors: Zhao Yunshan , Liu Dan , Chen Jie , Zhu Liyan , Belianinov Alex , Ovchinnikova Olga S. , Unocic Raymond R. , Burch Matthew J. , Kim Songkil , Hao Hanfang , Pickard Daniel S. , Li Baowen , Thong John T. L.
Published: June 2017

The ability to engineer the thermal conductivity of materials allows us to control the flow of heat and derive novel functionalities such as thermal rectification, thermal switching and thermal cloaking. While this could be achieved by making use of composites and metamaterials at bulk length-scales, engineering the thermal conductivity at micro- and nano-scale dimensions is considerably more challenging. In this work, we show that the local thermal conductivity along a single Si nanowire can be tuned to a desired value (between crystalline and amorphous limits) with high spatial resolution through selective helium ion irradiation with a well-controlled dose. The underlying mechanism is understood through molecular dynamics simulations and quantitative phonon-defect scattering rate analysis, where the behaviour of thermal conductivity with dose is attributed to the accumulation and agglomeration of scattering centres at lower doses. Beyond a threshold dose, a crystalline-amorphous transition was observed.
A mitogenomic timetree for Darwin’s enigmatic South American mammal Macrauchenia patachonica
Authors: Westbury Michael , Baleka Sina , Barlow Axel , Hartmann Stefanie , Paijmans Johanna L.A. , Kramarz Alejandro , Forasiepi Analía M , Bond Mariano , Gelfo Javier N. , Reguero Marcelo A. , López-Mendoza Patricio , Taglioretti Matias , Scaglia Fernando , Rinderknecht Andrés , Jones Washington , Mena Francisco , Billet Guillaume , de Muizon Christian , Aguilar José Luis , MacPhee Ross D.E. , Hofreiter Michael
Published: June 2017

The unusual mix of morphological traits displayed by extinct South American native ungulates (SANUs) confounded both Charles Darwin, who first discovered them, and Richard Owen, who tried to resolve their relationships. Here we report an almost complete mitochondrial genome for the litopternMacrauchenia. Our dated phylogenetic tree placesMacraucheniaas sister to Perissodactyla, but close to the radiation of major lineages within Laurasiatheria. This position is consistent with a divergence estimate of ∼66 Ma (95% credibility interval, 56.64–77.83 Ma) obtained for the split betweenMacraucheniaand other Panperissodactyla. Combined with their morphological distinctiveness, this evidence supports the positioning of Litopterna (possibly in company with other SANU groups) as a separate order within Laurasiatheria. We also show that, when using strict criteria, extinct taxa marked by deep divergence times and a lack of close living relatives may still be amenable to palaeogenomic analysis through iterative mapping against more distant relatives.
Origin of abnormal structural transformation in a (BiPb)FeO3/SrRuO3/SrTiO3 hetero-structure probed by Rutherford backscattering
Authors: Bohra Murtaza , Negi Kartikeya , Y. S. Varun Karthik , Chou Hsiung , Wang X. , Chu W. K.
Published: June 2017

Scientific efforts are growing to understand artificial BiFeO3/SrRuO3/SrTiO3-heterostructures, wherein an altered environment at each interface, caused by epitaxial strains, broken symmetry, off-stoichiometry and charge transfer, can generate a rich spectrum of exotic properties. Herein, (BiPb)FeO3/SrRuO3/SrTiO3-heterostructures were sputtered with various top (BiPb)FeO3-layers at different growth temperatures (Tg). Strain relaxation at each interface changes with Tg and generates an additional peak alongside with (BiPb)FeO3 at a high T
g
of 700 °C. Rutherford backscattering (RBS) was employed to understand this unusual behavior as to whether it is a mixture of two phases, layer splitting or inter-diffusion of elements. Surprisingly, complete overlapping of random and aligned RBS spectra from the sample with T
g
 = 700 °C indicates the presence of a large amount of defects/distortions at the interfaces. The RBS compositional analysis gives clear evidence of Fe and Ru vacancies to an extent that the structural integrity may not be maintained. This abnormal condition can be explained by the inter-diffusion of Pb and Bi elements into whole films and even into the top layer of the SrTiO3 substrate, which compensates for these vacancies by substitutional replacement and is responsible for the generation of the additional SrTi(BiPb)O3—peak. Below T
c
SrRuO3, the magnetic properties change significantly with T
g
.