bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of braided fabric on the fracture modes of a composite tube under quasi-static compression
Authors: Wu Zhenyu , Ding Huang , Ying Zhiping , Yuan Yanhong , Hu Xudong
Published: January 2017

The deformation behavior of single-layer braided fabric and its influence on the fracture modes of composite tubes under quasi-static axial compression were studied. By changing the parameters of the manufacturing process, braided fabrics with varying structures were produced and were further cured into braided composite tubes. Quasi-static compression experiments were conducted on the tubes, and the crush process was recorded on camera to analyze the deformation of the braided fabric. By employing the finite element method, a numerical model of a composite tube at the yarn scale was established to further verify the role of braided fabric in the process. Two fracture modes that depended on the fabric structure were also observed. The tension in the braiding yarns in the bucking section tends to cause them to separate. Braiding structures with larger braiding angles and more interlacing points between yarns provided more resistance to prevent yarns separating from the braided structure and led to a folding fracture mode. In contrast, a splaying fracture mode occurred in braided fabrics with smaller angles.
Physical Function Does Not Predict Care Assessment Need Score in Older Veterans
Authors: Serra Monica C. , Addison Odessa , Giffuni Jamie , Paden Lydia , Morey Miriam C. , Katzel Leslie
Published: January 2017

Objective: The Veterans Health Administration’s Care Assessment Need (CAN) score is a statistical model, aimed to predict high-risk patients. We were interested in determining if a relationship existed between physical function and CAN scores. Method: Seventy-four older (71 ± 1 years) male Veterans underwent assessment of CAN score and subjective (Short Form–36 [SF-36]) and objective (self-selected walking speed, four square step test, short physical performance battery) assessment of physical function. Results: Approximately 25% of participants self-reported limitations performing lower intensity activities, while 70% to 90% reported limitations with more strenuous activities. When compared with cut points indicative of functional limitations, 35% to 65% of participants had limitations for each of the objective measures. Any measure of subjective or objective physical function did not predict CAN score. Conclusion: These data indicate that the addition of a physical function assessment may complement the CAN score in the identification of high-risk patients.
Assessing Intimate Partner Violence in a Control Balance Theory Framework
Authors: Castro Erin D. , Nobles Matt R. , Zavala Egbert
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the role that control occupies in the motivation for, and development of, intimate partner violence (IPV). The research literature often theorizes about the importance of control in gender-based crimes; however, few studies have empirically tested these assumptions. Given the breath of theoretical approaches in examining IPV and the need for individualized explanations, the current study used concepts from Tittle’s control balance theory. This integrated theory accounts for many of the known risk factors, such as self-control and routine activities, while accounting for individual perceptions of control. A college student sample ( N = 401) was used, in accordance with the literature that has found this subpopulation to be at high risk for IPV. An online survey was distributed to potential participants to capture self-reported incidents of victimization and perpetration of IPV within the past year. Statistical analysis using segmented nonlinear regression models was estimated to assess sex difference effects. The results showed no difference in control continuums between the sexes but did find significant associations between control deficits and female victimization and perpetration, as well as significant association between control deficits and male perpetration of IPV. These findings have implications beyond the theoretical confirmation that control is key factor to this type of violence. In addition to greater education regarding dating expectations, control deficits may be particularly important for socially marginalized groups, such as those from the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community. Efforts can then be made to identify issues with control in IPV counseling, victim services, treatments for offenders, and other gender-based crimes, such as rape, sexual assault, and stalking.
Male College Students Using Sexually Aggressive Strategies: Findings on the Interpersonal Relationship Profile
Authors: Carvalho Joana , Sá Ana
Published: January 2017

Limited interpersonal skills and relationship deficits are recognized as risk factors for sexual aggression as committed by convicted sexual offenders. Yet, less severe forms of sexual aggression are frequently perpetrated by nonforensic samples, including highly educated samples. This study was aimed at characterizing a sample of male college students reporting sexually aggressive strategies as a means to initiate sexual intercourse according to a set of interpersonal relationship factors, thus extending the knowledge on the role of interpersonal dimensions to the distinct contexts of sexual violence. Three hundred eight male college students completed a web survey assessing adult attachment styles, intimacy perception, interpersonal style, and psychosocial adjustment. Findings showed that 162 students (>50%) reported to have used some form of sexually aggressive strategy against women to initiate sexual contact. After controlling for the effects of social desirability, participants reporting sexually aggressive strategies presented significantly less confidence trusting others, more lack of perceived personal validation (within relationships), a more aggressive interpersonal style, and higher levels of hostility. Findings suggest that sexual violence, as measured in the context of college samples, may have an interpersonal nature, reflecting deficient social and intimacy skills; preventive programs are thus expected to enhance interpersonal relationship strategies as well as target individuals’ perceived interpersonal vulnerability.
Distrustful, Conventional, Entitled, and Dysregulated: PID-5 Personality Facets Predict Hostile Masculinity and Sexual Violence in Community Men
Authors: Russell Tiffany D. , King Alan R.
Published: January 2017

Psychopathy and narcissism are known predictors of sexual violence, but they are broad personality constructs with limited utility in intervention and prevention efforts. The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) assesses 25 specific personality facets residing in five higher order domains. The goal of this research was to test the PID-5 in a sexual aggression model, which also included hostile masculinity, juvenile delinquency, and five sexual assault indices. A nationwide sample of adult men ( N = 512) completed the online survey. Hostile masculinity and juvenile delinquency were expected to have direct paths to sexual violence in a structural equation model. Hostile masculinity was also hypothesized as a mediator between sexual violence and PID-5 facets related to narcissism and psychopathy. These hypotheses were largely supported. Overall, 29.5% of men reported perpetrating sexual violence at least once, and 24.2% reported multiple assaults. In the sexually violent sample, 45.7% endorsed completed rape as their most severe act. PID-5 Suspiciousness, Cognitive and Perceptual Dysregulation, Grandiosity, and a lack of Eccentricity emerged as indirect predictors of sexual violence. These PID-5 facets were mediated by hostile masculinity, which had a reliable path to sexual violence. Juvenile delinquency had a direct and indirect path to sexual assault. The model accounted for 48% of the variance in latent sexual violence, and the five sexual violence index R2s ranged from .53 to .82. This research adds specificity to sexual violence models by demonstrating the underlying maladaptive personality trait structures associated with sexual assault. It also provides a more precise personality profile for clinical use and prevention programs.
Students as Prosocial Bystanders to Sexual Assault: Demographic Correlates of Intervention Norms, Intentions, and Missed Opportunities
Authors: Hoxmeier Jill C. , Acock Alan C. , Flay Brian R.
Published: January 2017

Sexual assault is a major public health issue. Bystander engagement programs are becoming widely used to combat sexual assault on college campuses. The purpose of this study was to examine students’ intervention norms, intentions, opportunities, and behaviors as bystanders to sexual assault. Undergraduate students ( N = 779) completed the Sexual Assault Bystander Behavior Questionnaire in the fall of 2014. The t tests revealed differences in students’ intervention norms, intentions, opportunities, and missed opportunities based on sex, race/ethnicity, athletic participation, and fraternity/sorority membership. The findings support the use of additional measures to assess bystander behavior and to identify student subpopulations that may benefit from programs aimed at increasing prosocial intervention.
Child Maltreatment Typologies and Intimate Partner Violence: Findings From a Danish National Study of Young Adults
Authors: Murphy Siobhan , Elklit Ask , Shevlin Mark
Published: January 2017

The association between exposure to childhood maltreatment and subsequent intimate partner violence (IPV) has been well documented. Recently, there has been increased attention to IPV in adolescence and young adulthood, with studies demonstrating that IPV peaks in young adulthood. Data were collected from a Danish national study conducted by The Danish National Centre for Social Research in 2008 and 2009. A sample of 4,718 young adults (aged 24) was randomly selected using the total birth cohort of children born in 1984. Structured interviews were conducted with 2,980 participants equating to a response rate of 63%. Childhood maltreatment including emotional, sexual, and multiple abuse experiences and being female and a young parent were used to test the association with experiencing IPV victimization. Bivariate associations showed that all variables were significantly associated with experiencing IPV. When the variables were entered into a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, being female indicated the strongest association (odds ratio [OR] = 13.96), followed by experiencing childhood sexual abuse (OR = 10.90) and experiencing multiple types of abuse (OR = 6.49). Results suggest that among the child maltreatment typologies, sexual abuse is the dominant factor associated with IPV. The current study extends the literature conducted on a young adult population by demonstrating that early adverse experiences and being female and a parent are associated with IPV in young adulthood. These findings suggest prevention programs should be targeted in early adolescence to support young people to establish and maintain positive and healthy relationships that promote safe conflict resolution strategies.
Predictors of Continued Smoking and Interest in Cessation Among Older Female Smokers
Authors: Weaver Kathryn E. , Snively Beverly M. , Hogan Patricia , Josephs Kathryn , Johnson Karen C. , Coday Mace , Progovac Ana M. , Cirillo Dominic J. , Ockene Judith K. , Tindle Hilary A.
Published: January 2017

Objectives: Older female smokers are highly vulnerable, yet little is known about their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors regarding smoking cessation. Methods: Southeast region Women’s Health Initiative participants identified as smokers on at least one prior assessment were surveyed in 2012 regarding current tobacco use. Results: Most of these current and former smokers ( N = 409, 63% response) were non-Hispanic White (81.7%) and had some college (80%), with mean age of 75.1 years. Current smoking was confirmed by 56%, and while 61% of these reported a past-year quit attempt, less than half used quit aids. Of current smokers, 57.5% intended to quit within 6 months (26.6% within 30 days), and 68% were interested in joining a cessation study. Conclusions: Older female smokers were highly motivated to quit, yet profoundly underutilized proven quit aids. Results support high acceptability of cessation interventions for this undertreated population.
Would you think about doing sex for money? Structure and agency in deciding to sell sex in Canada
Authors: Benoit Cecilia , Ouellet Nadia , Jansson Mikael , Magnus Samantha , Smith Michaela
Published: January 2017

Entry into sex work is not typically considered as an occupational choice comparable to entry into other jobs. In the sex work literature, initiation is often thought to occur through predisposing factors deep in the structure of society, including childhood disadvantage, abuse and neglect. Some studies have also identified need for money as the main reason for entry, while others document entry due to a desire for more disposable income. Few studies have focused on agency-level factors guiding entry, including seeing sex work as a viable career or professional choice. Analysis of data from interviews with a purposive multi-gender sample ( N = 218) reveals the multiple reasons for entry into sex work in Canada. Participants identified three overlapping structural and agentic reasons for entry: critical life events; desire or need for money; and personal appeal of the work. These findings are discussed in light of the occupational choice and sex work literatures.
Experimental notched fracture resistance study for the interface of Al–Cu bimetal joints welded by friction stir welding
Authors: Mohammad Aliha Mohammad Reza , Fotouhi Yassin , Berto Filippo
Published: January 2017

Strength and load-bearing capacity of dissimilar joints welded by friction stir welding is one of the most interesting subjects for optimizing this recently developed joining technique. Hence, in this article, dissimilar butt weldments of pure copper with Al5083 are manufactured with different welding parameters (including pin rotational and tool offset). Then rectangular beam specimens containing right angle notches in the interface of joints were prepared from the welded plates and tested under three-point bend loading to investigate the interface fracture strength of Al–Cu joints. The results showed the significant influence of welding parameters on the strength and load–displacement curves of the tested bimetals. It was shown that considering a suitable value for the offset of pin can increase the interface fracture strength. The highest fracture loads were achieved at moderately lower pin rotational speeds.
Cross-fuzzy entropy-based approach for performance degradation assessment of rolling element bearings
Authors: Zhu Keheng , Song Xigeng
Published: January 2017

Exploring effective indicators is significant for the assessment of the bearing performance degradation, which is crucial to realize the condition-based maintenance. In this paper, the cross-fuzzy entropy is introduced and is used to measure the similarity of patterns between normal signals and tested signals of the rolling element bearings, and the degree of similarity is used as an indicator of the bearing performance degradation. The original cross-fuzzy entropy focuses on the local characteristics of the signal and neglects its global trend. However, the global characteristics and global trends of bearing vibration signals may vary as the bearings degrade gradually. Therefore, a change has been made in the implementation of the original cross-fuzzy entropy algorithm to overcome this limitation and the modified cross-fuzzy entropy is more suitable for reflecting the whole degradation process of rolling element bearings. The experimental results demonstrate that the modified cross-fuzzy entropy can assess the bearing performance degradation process over their whole life time clearly and effectively.
Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis screening and treatment of pregnant women in Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Authors: Bristow Claire C , Mathelier Patricia , Ocheretina Oksana , Benoit Daphne , Pape Jean W , Wynn Adriane , Klausner Jeffrey D
Published: January 2017

In Haiti, routine screening for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) among pregnant women is not conducted; yet these sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are associated with adverse birth and newborn health outcomes. We aimed to assess the acceptability and feasibility of screening and the prevalence of STIs among pregnant women in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Pregnant women of at least 18 years of age who attend Haitian Study Group for Kaposi’s sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO) clinics in Port-au-Prince, Haiti provided self-collected vaginal swab specimens. Laboratory testing was done with Xpert® CT/NG and Xpert® TV. The results of this study showed that of the 322 pregnant women who visited GHESKIO for their regular scheduled appointments, 300 (93.2%) consented for CT, NG, and TV testing. Of those, 107 women (35.7%) tested positive for at least one STI. There were 42 (14.7%) cases of CT, 8 (2.8%) NG, and 83 (29.0%) TV infections. Most infections were treated – 122 of 133 (91.7%). In summary, we found that it was highly acceptable and feasible to implement CT, NG, and TV screening among pregnant women in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. We found high prevalence of STIs among pregnant women, which suggest that STI screening in this population may be warranted.
Diversité: Challenging or constituting laïcité?
Authors: Akan Murat
Published: January 2017

The debates on laïcité in France have been capped by a claim that French cultural imaginary laïcité has reasserted itself against the ‘new challenge of diversity’, this new challenge explicitly being contrasted to the old challenge of the Catholic Church. There have been plenty of references to the French Third Republic during these debates, yet these references fail to recognise that in fact the concept of diversité was part of the discussions on laïcité during the Third Republic. This is a historical fact that questions the distinction between old and new challenges. This article locates the concept of diversité in the parliamentary deliberations during the making of the ‘Loi du 28 Mars 1882 sur l’enseignement primaire obligatoire’ and the ‘Loi du 9 Décembre 1905 concernant la séparation des églises et de l’État’ and then compares the relations of diversité and laïcité at that time with their relations in contemporary France. The article lays out the move of diversité from a constitutive premise of laïc institutions in the Third Republic to challenging laïcité, and it explores the politics behind this move. I argue that laïcité has not been reasserted but rather has regressed in France.
Ramadan in the Republic: Imperial necessity and local religious assistance to Muslim migrants
Authors: Byrnes Melissa K.
Published: January 2017

In May 1953, a group of Lyon’s political and social leaders hosted a series of Ramadan celebrations in honour of the region’s growing Muslim North African migrant population. While it seems strange that civil authorities in the secular French Republic would publically observe a Muslim holiday, the French Empire had, for decades, engaged in activities to promote Muslim attachment to France and demonstrate its support for Muslim cultural and religious practices. From declarations that France was a ‘Muslim power’ through the campaigns of the Algerian War, the French consistently waived the ideals of strict laïcité in order to strengthen the imperial system. This pragmatic willingness to relax secular positions when greater state interests were at stake contrasts with contemporary claims that the Republic can make no accommodations to Islam or its observance. More importantly, this history proves that there are strong French precedents for allowing the Republic to make space for its Muslim citizens.
The role of ‘European Islam’ in motivating Muslim women’s political participation in France
Authors: Easat-Daas Amina
Published: January 2017

Against the background of an allegedly ever-growing disconnect between France and some of her Muslim communities, particularly apparent in the atrocities carried out in Paris in 2015, this article begins by offering an insight into the largely theorised academic notion of ‘European Islam’ and speculates about the extent to which it may contribute to motivating Muslim women’s political participation in France. The article draws on findings from interviews conducted with women who self-identify as Muslim and participate in both formal and informal politics in France, to examine the effects of ‘European Islam’ on their political motivations. It reveals the influence of French contextual specificities on the way in which the Muslim women interviewed articulate their understanding of ‘European Islam’ and continues by offering an explanation of how Muslim women negotiate religion and political participation in France, and their implications for French society today.
The Frenchness of Marcel Lefebvre and the Society of St Pius X: A new reading
Authors: Sudlow Brian
Published: January 2017

The case of Marcel Lefebvre and the Society of St Pius X (SSPX) deserves fresh perspectives. The current historiography is too franco-centric, focused on selective aspects of Lefebvre’s biography and the actions of isolated individuals, rather than with the life of the SSPX itself. After evaluating the current state of the historiography, this article proposes a new analysis of the SSPX’s political discourses in France and internationally and undertakes to reframe the relationship between Lefebvre’s life and his congregation by re-examining his African missionary experiences. Such new perspectives will be helpful as the SSPX moves towards regularisation under the pontificate of Pope Francis.
Dysregulations in circulating sphingolipids associate with disease activity indices in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Checa A , Idborg H , Zandian A , Sar D Garcia , Surowiec I , Trygg J , Svenungsson E , Jakobsson P-J , Nilsson P , Gunnarsson I , Wheelock C E
Published: January 2017

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the association of clinical and renal disease activity with circulating sphingolipids in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Methods

We used liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to measure the levels of 27 sphingolipids in plasma from 107 female systemic lupus erythematosus patients and 23 controls selected using a design of experiment approach. We investigated the associations between sphingolipids and two disease activity indices, the Systemic Lupus Activity Measurement and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index. Damage was scored according to the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics damage index. Renal activity was evaluated with the British Island Lupus Activity Group index. The effects of immunosuppressive treatment on sphingolipid levels were evaluated before and after treatment in 22 female systemic lupus erythematosus patients with active disease.

Results

Circulating sphingolipids from the ceramide and hexosylceramide families were increased, and sphingoid bases were decreased, in systemic lupus erythematosus patients compared to controls. The ratio of C16:0-ceramide to sphingosine-1-phosphate was the best discriminator between patients and controls, with an area under the receiver-operating curve of 0.77. The C16:0-ceramide to sphingosine-1-phosphate ratio was associated with ongoing disease activity according to the Systemic Lupus Activity Measurement and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index, but not with accumulated damage according to the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index. Levels of C16:0- and C24:1-hexosylceramides were able to discriminate patients with current versus inactive/no renal involvement. All dysregulated sphingolipids were normalized after immunosuppressive treatment.

Conclusion

We provide evidence that sphingolipids are dysregulated in systemic lupus erythematosus and associated with disease activity. This study demonstrates the utility of simultaneously targeting multiple components of a pathway to establish disease associations.
Outcomes of 847 childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients in three age groups
Authors: Lopes S R M , Gormezano N W S , Gomes R C , Aikawa N E , Pereira R M R , Terreri M T , Magalhães C S , Ferreira J C , Okuda E M , Sakamoto A P , Sallum A M E , Appenzeller S , Ferriani V P L , Barbosa C M , Lotufo S , Jesus A A , Andrade L E C , Campos L M A , Bonfá E , Silva C A ,   Brazilian Childhood-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Group
Published: January 2017

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess outcomes of childhood systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) in three different age groups evaluated at last visit: group A early-onset disease (<6 years), group B school age (≥6 and <12 years) and group C adolescent (≥12 and <18 years).

Methods

An observational cohort study was performed in ten pediatric rheumatology centers, including 847 cSLE patients.

Results

Group A had 39 (4%), B 395 (47%) and C 413 (49%). Median disease duration was significantly higher in group A compared to groups B and C (8.3 (0.1–23.4) vs 6.2 (0–17) vs 3.3 (0–14.6) years, p < 0.0001). The median Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SLICC/ACR-DI) (0 (0–9) vs 0 (0–6) vs 0 (0–7), p = 0.065) was comparable in the three groups. Further analysis of organ/system damage revealed that frequencies of neuropsychiatric (21% vs 10% vs 7%, p = 0.007), skin (10% vs 1% vs 3%, p = 0.002) and peripheral vascular involvements (5% vs 3% vs 0.3%, p = 0.008) were more often observed in group A compared to groups B and C. Frequencies of severe cumulative lupus manifestations such as nephritis, thrombocytopenia, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia were similar in all groups ( p > 0.05). Mortality rate was significantly higher in group A compared to groups B and C (15% vs 10% vs 6%, p = 0.028). Out of 69 deaths, 33/69 (48%) occurred within the first two years after diagnosis. Infections accounted for 54/69 (78%) of the deaths and 38/54 (70%) had concomitant disease activity.

Conclusions

This large multicenter study provided evidence that early-onset cSLE group had distinct outcomes. This group was characterized by higher mortality rate and neuropsychiatric/vascular/skin organ damage in spite of comparable frequencies of severe cumulative lupus manifestations. We also identified that overall death in cSLE patients was an early event mainly attributed to infection associated with disease activity.
A vision of ethics in efficient occupational healthcare
Authors: Hemberg Jessica , Nyman Helena , Hemberg Håkan
Published: January 2017

Background:

Occupational healthcare is nowadays more and more regulated by economic demands of gain and efficiency.

Aim and research questions:

The aim of this study is to reach a new understanding of ethics in occupational healthcare by uncovering this from occupational healthcare nurses’ own views. The research questions are as follows: (1) What is the core of an ethical value base in occupational healthcare? (2) What does it mean for occupational healthcare nurses to fulfill their ethical value base in occupational healthcare?

Research design, participants, and research context:

The study uses a hermeneutical approach. The context of the study is occupational healthcare. The material was collected through interviews with four occupational healthcare nurses in Finland. The texts were interpreted through hermeneutical reading.

Ethical considerations:

The data storage, study participation, and data handling for research purposes were approved by the participants when they provided their informed consent.

Findings:

The study revealed that the core of ethical values in occupational healthcare is something universal that concerns justice, honesty, and faithfulness. To fulfill the ethical value base means to continuously strive toward the inner core of love and bravely choose to listen to the this core in the name of the client and the universal good even if it involves a struggle or a sacrifice.

Discussion:

The ethical value base is not primarily tied to profession but is something that is general and universal. Nor do ethics and the implementation of ethical values stand in opposition to, for example, external values such as demands for efficiency and economic gain. However, ethics may promote efficiency.

Conclusion:

The fulfillment of nurses’ ethical value base in occupational healthcare requires that ethics first and foremost is allowed to enter the leadership and is prioritized on a leadership level. Creating caring cultures that encourage openness and support ethical discussions is fundamental.
Managerial Values and Organizational Identities in the Developing World: An Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Pant Anirvan , Ojha Abhoy K.
Published: January 2017

Managerial values are abstract ideals that act as guiding principles for managing enterprises. Organizational identities connote the central, enduring, and distinctive features of an organization’s self-definition. There is a need to examine how and which managerial values are acted upon within developing country enterprises and how these values are reflected, projected, or disguised in the organizational identities of these enterprises. This special issue pays particular attention to how organizational identities respond to conflicting managerial values in the developing world, how values work enables enterprises to adapt to environmental change, and the relationship between organizational aspiration and positive identities in developing world enterprises.
Book Review: Edward Shizha and Lamine Diallo, Africa in the Age of Globalisation: Perceptions, Misperceptions and Realities
Authors: Ansari Khalid
Published: January 2017

Edward Shizha and Lamine Diallo, Africa in the Age of Globalisation: Perceptions, Misperceptions and Realities, Ashgate, Surrey, England, 2015, 277 pp., $119 (Hardcover), ISBN: 9781472436696.
Anticipation awareness and visual monitoring in reading contemporary music
Authors: Cara Michel A.
Published: January 2017

This study examines anticipation and related eye movement measures during music reading with 22 pianists performing four successive executions of an excerpt of Ligeti’s Etude No. 4 “Fanfares”. The pianists were allowed to practice for two minutes between each trial and were divided into two skill groups based on their tempo and accuracy scores. Visual monitoring was assessed by measuring the number and duration of glances at the keyboard (GAK). This assessment led us to introduce a new eye movement measure, the awareness span. The nature of the music reading process was examined by applying a reading span test and a spatial memory test. The results showed that practice and musical structure had a strong effect on performance, eye movement and mixed (eye–hand span and awareness span) measures. Compared to the less expert group, we noted that the expert pianists played faster, with fewer substitutions, larger eye–hand and awareness spans, and fewer and shorter GAK. Across the trials, the pianists were able to adapt the location of GAK within bars and use GAK to create imaginary borders; this is consistent with the findings of Sloboda (1974, 1977), who demonstrated experts’ capacity to adapt their eye–hand span to musical structure. More skilled pianists mobilize their anticipation capabilities more efficiently, underlining a link between the visuospatial sketchpad (Baddeley, 1990) and the music reading anticipation process.
Identifying Patterns of Situational Clustering and Contextual Variability in Criminological Data: An Overview of Conjunctive Analysis of Case Configurations
Authors: Hart Timothy C. , Rennison Callie Marie , Miethe Terance D.
Published: January 2017

Conjunctive analysis of case configurations (CACC) is a recent innovative approach developed by Miethe, Hart, and Regoeczi that bridges the gap between traditional quantitative- or qualitative-based studies approaches. CACC was initially designed for large sample application of exploratory and confirmative studies in criminology and criminal justice. However, as this special issue demonstrates, its application has since broadened. In this introductory article, we provide background material of conjunctive analysis by (a) presenting information on how to conduct a CACC study and (b) describing the conceptual and methodological framework surrounding this type of case comparative method. With this foundation, readers can better appreciate the distinct and unique contributions of the five pieces of CACC research making up this special issue.
Design and analysis of a synthetic jet actuator-based fluid atomization device
Authors: Gilmore Paul , Sundaresan Vishnu-Baba , Seidt Jeremy , Smith Jarrod
Published: January 2017

High-pressure nozzles and ultrasonic atomizers are the two most common devices used to generate sprays. Each of these has some disadvantages, such as controllability in high-pressure nozzles and fluid management challenges in ultrasonic devices. To overcome these limitations, a new atomization technology using a synthetic jet actuator was developed and is presented here. The work includes design and experimental analysis of both the stand-alone synthetic jet actuator and the synthetic jet-based atomization device. The synthetic jet actuator is designed using a model-based approach and characterized by measuring dynamic orifice pressure, diaphragm peak-to-peak displacement, flow rate, and power consumption. Orifice pressure reaches 296 Pa at a flow rate of 16 mL/s and 186 Pa at a flow rate of 37 mL/s for two possible synthetic jet actuator geometries, respectively. Piezoelectric diaphragm displacement reaches 50 µm with a brass substrate thickness of 0.20 mm. The synthetic jet-based atomization device is characterized with high-speed imaging and measurement of water atomization rate. It produces droplets with average sizes of 92–116 µm at maximum rates of 19–28 µL/s, depending on the geometry of the synthetic jet actuator. The outcomes of this work are principles for designing effective synthetic jet-based atomization devices, as well as system-level implementation concepts and control schemes.
The Evolution of Experiential Learning Theory: Tracing Lines of Research in the JEE
Authors: Seaman Jayson , Brown Mike , Quay John
Published: January 2017

This essay introduces a collection of past articles from the Journal of Experiential Education ( JEE) focused on the concept of experiential learning. It outlines the historical trajectory of the concept beginning with human relations training practices beginning in 1946, as it came to be understood as a naturally occurring psychological process and a grounding for pedagogical reforms. The eight articles included in the issue reflect the way JEE authors have contended with problems arising from the concept’s departure from its origins in practice. We suggest that experiential learning’s evolution into a general theory was accomplished by decoupling it from its roots in a particular social practice and ideology, and then focusing on the concept’s technical problems. It is now important for researchers to revisit assumptions underpinning current theory and practice, situate research on experiential learning in wider practical and scholarly traditions, and develop new vocabularies concerning the relationship between experience and learning in educational programs.
The Adventure Therapy Experience Scale: The Psychometric Properties of a Scale to Measure the Unique Factors Moderating an Adventure Therapy Experience
Authors: Russell Keith , Gillis Harold L. (Lee)
Published: January 2017

Adventure therapy (AT) is defined as “the prescriptive use of adventure experiences provided by mental health professionals, often conducted in natural settings, that kinesthetically engage clients on cognitive, affective, and behavioral levels”. Despite an increase in research and evaluation in recent years examining the relative effectiveness of AT for youth and young adults, little is known about the AT process. This study highlights the development and psychometric properties of the Adventure Therapy Experience Scale (ATES) for its potential use in identifying unique factors that are theoretically reasoned to be inherent in an AT experience. The results suggest the ATES is an appropriate instrument to use to assess how these four factors effectuate outcome, especially when used in conjunction with the routine outcome monitoring of treatment progress.
Empowerment and Social Support as Predictors of Self-Care Behaviors and Glycemic Control in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Arda Sürücü Hamdiye , Büyükkaya Besen Dilek , Erbil Elif Yeter
Published: January 2017

This study investigated empowerment, social support, and diabetes-related characteristics as predictors of self-care behaviors and glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes in Turkey. Descriptive cross-sectional and relational research designs were used in this study. The study was carried out with a cohort of 220 individuals with type 2 diabetes. Linear regression analysis revealed that patient empowerment was a statistically significant predictor of diet (β = .30; p < .001), exercise (β = .19; p = .003), blood glucose monitoring (β = .27; p < .001), foot care (β = .27; p < .001), and A1c (β = −.19; p = .004). Social support was a statistically significant predictor of diet (β = .24; p < .001), exercise (β = .26; p < .001), blood glucose monitoring (β = .16; p = .011), and foot care (β = .19; p = .003). These results indicate that social support and empowerment are important for nurses to consider when planning interventions that increase the self-care behavior of individuals with type 2 diabetes and for improving glycemic control.
Lixisenatide: A New Daily GLP-1 Agonist for Type 2 Diabetes Management
Authors: McCarty Delilah , Coleman Megan , Boland Cassie L.
Published: January 2017

Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), lixisenatide, in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data Sources: A PubMed (1966-2016) search was conducted using the following keywords: lixisenatide, AVE0010, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, and type 2 diabetes. References were reviewed to identify additional sources. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Articles written in English were included if they evaluated the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, or safety of lixisenatide in human subjects. Data Synthesis: Lixisenatide lowers blood glucose through a glucose-dependent increase in insulin release from pancreatic β-cells and a decreased release of glucagon from pancreatic α-cells. Additionally, lixisenatide delays gastric emptying and increases satiety. Lixisenatide has been studied head to head against exenatide and insulin glulisine. It has also been studied as monotherapy and in combination with metformin, sulfonylureas, pioglitazone, and insulin glargine. In the GetGoal clinical trial series, lixisenatide resulted in a hemoglobin A1C reduction of 0.6% to 1% and a reduction in body weight of 0.2 to 2.96 kg. The adverse effect profile of lixisenatide was consistent with that of other GLP-1RAs, with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea most commonly reported. Conclusion: Lixisenatide provides an additional GLP-1RA option, which may have more postprandial blood glucose-lowering effects than the other agents in the class because of its shorter half-life and effects on delaying gastric emptying.
Explicit expression-based practical model predictive control implementation for large-scale structures with multi-input delays
Authors: Peng Haijun , Chen Yuzhen , Li Erfang , Zhang Sheng , Chen Biaosong
Published: January 2017

In this paper, two practical model predictive control (MPC) implementation algorithms with multi-input delay (NFMPCMID1 and NFMPCMID2) are developed in discrete-time formulation for vibration control of large-scale structures. By introducing a particular augmented state vector, the controlled dynamic equation with multi-input delay is transformed into the standard form without any explicit time delay. Because of no approximation for multi-input delay involved, the system performance and stability are easily guaranteed. In order to solve the computation efficiency and memory requirement for large-scale structure, a novel explicit expression form of Newmark-β method is derived, from which the future states can be easily predicted without computing matrix exponential and its integration. By applying this explicit expression form into MPC, the control input of NFMPCMID1 method can be computed by some matrix–matrix multiplications, and also the control input of NFMPCMID2 method can be computed just by two off-line transient analyses and one on-line transient analysis at every sampling instant on the structure. For no computation of matrix exponential and its integration in NFMPCMID1 and NFMPCMID2 methods, the off-line computation efficiency is greatly improved, and the memory requirement is greatly reduced, especially for the NFMPCMID2 method. In additional, due to the small amount of on-line computation, the on-line computation efficiency is also guaranteed. At last, the stability, feasibility and efficiency of the proposed methods are verified by several typical numerical examples.
Noteworthy Literature Published in 2016 for Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Aftab Muhammad , Cleveland Joseph C. , Reece T. Brett
Published: January 2017

Cardiac surgical care of patients continued to evolve rapidly in 2016. In this article, 3 topics of considerable change are discussed based on recent publications. The first topic reviews the potential risks and benefits of newly instituted low-risk percutaneous aortic valve replacement. The second topic reviews the increasing utilization of more extensive arch replacements in acute type A dissection. The final topic reviews current trends and justification for changes in patterns of use of cardioplegia options. The topics discussed are contemporary issues facing cardiac surgery, so they should serve to address the reasoning for changes in contemporary practice in 2016.
Hybridisation strategies and data structures for the NEMO ocean model
Authors: Epicoco Italo , Mocavero Silvia , Porter Andrew R , Pickles Stephen M , Ashworth Mike , Aloisio Giovanni
Published: January 2017

This work describes the introduction of a second level of parallelism based on the OpenMP shared memory paradigm to NEMO, one of the most widely used ocean models in the European climate community. Although the existing parallelisation scheme in NEMO, based on the MPI paradigm, has served it well for many years, it is becoming unsuited to current high-performance computing architectures due to their increasing tendency to have fat nodes containing tens of compute cores. Three different parallel approaches for introducing OpenMP are presented, discussed and compared on several platforms. Finally we have also considered the effect on performance of the data layout employed in NEMO.
Rasch analysis of the Perceived Stress Scale: Transformation from an ordinal to a linear measure
Authors: Medvedev Oleg N , Krägeloh Christian U , Hill Erin M , Billington Rex , Siegert Richard J , Webster Craig S , Booth Roger J , Henning Marcus A
Published: January 2017

Rasch analysis was conducted to enhance the precision of the widely used 10-item Perceived Stress Scale using two datasets ( n = 450 each) randomly selected from samples of the New Zealand general population ( n = 1102), New Zealand university students ( n = 479) and US university students ( n = 396). The best Rasch model fit ( χ2(27) = 29.92, p = .36), good person separation reliability (.80) and coverage (98%) of the sample by the scale items were achieved when locally dependent items were combined into subtests. These findings support reliability and internal structural validity of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale. The instrument precision can be further improved using the ordinal-to-linear conversion tables published here.
Healthcare experiences of a Black lesbian in the United States
Authors: Ejaife Ofa L , Ho Ivy K
Published: January 2017

Little is known about the healthcare experiences of Black lesbian and bisexual women. This exploratory study examined the healthcare experiences of a 24-year-old Black lesbian and the interconnection between race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual identity in her lived experiences. Data were gathered through an in-depth audio-recorded interview. Findings revealed the risks of and barriers to self-disclosure in healthcare settings, factors that influence the quality of the patient–provider relationship, and the positive and negative healthcare experiences of this Black American lesbian. This study is an important first step in exploring the healthcare experiences of Black lesbian and bisexual women. The findings of this case study highlight themes and avenues for future research. Clinical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Duodenal trauma
Authors: Johnston Luke R , Wind Gary , Bradley Matthew J
Published: January 2017

Duodenal trauma represents a unique challenge to the surgeon due to its relative rarity, anatomic location, and often the difficulty in diagnosing and managing these injuries. Despite these challenges, significant advances have been made over the previous century, and mortality has fallen to as low as 17%. The CT scan is the primary modality for diagnosis in the blunt trauma patient, and thorough surgical exploration at laparotomy is the mainstay for penetrating injuries. Management is guided by the grade of injury, with low-grade hematomas managed by observation, intermediate grade injuries by primary repair, and high-grade injuries with a damage control surgery approach. While pyloric exclusion remains the most common technique to augment primary repair in intermediate and higher grade injuries, the utility of this procedure has come into question in current literature, and an overall ‘less-is-more’ surgical approach has been advocated in recent publications. Complications following duodenal trauma are common and include fistulae, duodenal obstruction, and infectious complications. However, the overall morbidity and mortality have improved with these injuries. Future investigation is needed to determine the optimal management approach for these challenging patients.
The intermediate time of news consumption
Authors: Keightley Emily , Downey John
Published: January 2017

Many accounts of contemporary mediated communication of various kinds emphasise speed, immediacy and simultaneity as overriding temporal characteristics, and accounts of journalism are no exception. Acceleration in journalistic practice and the associated changes in news content and its communication have a variety of consequences. In the most extreme accounts, this produces ever-shallower news content while the immediacy of its delivery collapses deliberative time for its interpretation. This article attempts to challenge some of the assumptions on which these assertions are based by taking an alternative starting point in analysing news time and temporality: the news audience. We argue that many accounts which emphasise the paralysing effects of fast communication and the acceleration of news in particular fail to acknowledge the complexities of news consumption, instead pessimistically reading off the effects of speed from communications technologies themselves. We go on to consider the value of social scientific audience research characterisation of practices of consuming the news in contemporary culture and suggest that these need to be accompanied by ethnographic approaches to the audience which engage with the ways in which meaning is produced from the resources that journalism provides in everyday lived contexts.