bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research of the Possibility of Increasing Level of Em-ployment in Ukraine Based on the Results of the Analysis of Unemployment Problems
Authors:   SHEI Donbass State Engineering Academy, Gitis V. , Margieva M. ,   SHEI Donbass State Engineering Academy, Drigo S. ,   SHEI Donbass State Engineering Academy, Yurkin A. ,   SHEI Donbass State Engineering Academy
Published: December 2020

The article examines the state of unemployment in Ukraine, in particular, it is established that the financial and economic crisis associated with hostilities within the country, and coronavirus infection have significantly exacerbated this problem. This manifested itself primarily in a decrease in the share of economically active population of working age in the population as a whole and an increase in the number of unemployed population of working age. It is also established that internal resettlement and growth due to this level of unemployment, as well as the streng-thening of emigration intentions among internally displaced persons against the background of a fairly high number of workers abroad. As well as the crisis caused by coronavirus infection, without exaggeration, made significant adjustments to the Ukrainian labor market. In the field of employment, there was a significant decrease in the number of vacancies along with an increase in the number of unemployed citizens. First of all, those who worked informally in industries whose activities were suspended during quarantine lost their jobs. They were joined by migrant workers who returned to Ukraine after losing their jobs abroad. Today, all these people are at a crossroads. Possible ways to reduce unemployment in the country are suggested. Reducing unemployment will contribute to Ukraine's economic development. But overcoming this problem requires the implementation of a set of solutions, ranging from adequate distribution of public procurement in the training of specialists in educational institutions and ending with economic reforms and investment. The real situation that has happened now in Ukraine can be seen without statistics. Given the demographic situation in different regions of Ukraine, as well as quarantine, we can predict that at the current level of job creation and natural population growth, unemployment in the regions in the future will become even more acute.
Social Protection of the Population at the Present Stage: State and Problems in Ukraine
Authors:   SHEI Donbass State Engineering Academy, Smirnova I. , Lykhoshva О. ,   SHEI Donbass State Engineering Academy, Rak N. ,   SHEI Donbass State Engineering Academy, Horiieva L. ,   SHEI Donbass State Engineering Academy
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the functioning conditions of the current system of social protection of the population of Ukraine. The theoretical foundations regarding the forms and sources of financing and financial support of the social protection system are considered. The features of financing social transfers through the main forms of social protection – social security, social insurance, and social assistance – are investigated. Weaknesses and ways to improve the domestic social protection system are identified. Approaches to solving financing problems in the field of social protection of the population are proposed.
To learn the lessons, think beyond the specialty
Authors: Tingle John
Published: December 2020

John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses some recent patient safety reports and how they can help better inform care and quality practices across the NHS
Sociodemographic characteristics and self-care management knowledge of patients with an ostomy
Authors: Corvese Francesco , Giordano Vittoria , Alvaro Rosaria , Vellone Ercole , Villa Giulia
Published: December 2020

Background:

An increasing number of patients worldwide are living with an ostomy. Among them, self-care management skills and stoma self-care abilities are associated with better quality of life.

Aims:

To identify the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of Italian ostomy patients and investigate their knowledge of stoma management.

Methods:

A questionnaire was used to gather the sociodemographic and clinical data of 433 adult patients. Participants responded to a nine-item survey assessing their knowledge of stoma management.

Findings:

Respondents reported having received extensive or adequate information in 64.4% of cases, and the remaining 35.6% reported receiving little or no information at any time. The health professional who imparted at least adequate information was a stoma nurse specialist in 32.1% of cases, usually during admission (24.0%) or before and during admission (19.6%).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that most patients received adequate information regarding the ostomy.
Hepatitis C virus infection risk factors and test uptake in an English prison
Authors: Jack Kathryn
Published: December 2020

Background:

People in prison are a key demographic in the drive to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV). There is insufficient knowledge about risk factors for HCV among the prison population, which may partially explain low test uptake.

Aims:

This study aimed to understand the HCV risk factors present and HCV test uptake in an English prison.

Methods:

Men in prison were surveyed. The questions included whether they had been tested in current sentence, reasons for not being tested and risk factors for HCV.

Findings:

Of 109 respondents, 71% had not been tested in their current prison, 45% had not tested in their current sentence and 35% reported ever injecting drugs. Additional risk factors for hepatitis C included: sharing prison hair clippers (76%) and fighting in prison (44%).

Conclusions:

Not all people in prison with risk factors for HCV were tested. The role of intra-prison risks, such as fighting and sharing hair clippers, requires furtherexploration.
Development of the Emotional Wellbeing at Work Virtual Programme to support UK health visiting teams
Authors: Baldwin Sharin , Stephen Rachel , Bishop Philippa , Kelly Patricia
Published: December 2020

The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the way in which health visiting services are delivered in the UK. Health visitors are now having to work more remotely, with virtual methods for service delivery as well as using personal protective equipment where face-to-face contacts are necessary. This rapid change has resulted in many health visiting staff working under greater levels of pressure, feeling isolated, anxious and unsettled. This article discusses a virtual programme that has been funded by the RCN Foundation and developed by the Institute of Health Visiting to support the emotional wellbeing of health visiting teams in the UK. It outlines the background to the project, the theoretical underpinnings to inform the programme model and the evaluation process that will be used to further refine the programme before wider implementation.
Áhrif mismunandi hugtakanotkunar á viðhorf almennings
Authors: Halldórsson Viðar
Published: December 2020

Pólitískri orðræðu er stýrt með notkun tungumálsins. Stjórnmálamenn miðla skilaboðum, beint og óbeint, í gegnum tungumálið í þeim tilgangi að auka stuðning og skapa sátt við pólitískar hugmyndir og aðgerðir. Með þessum hætti beita stjórnmálamenn ákveðnum skilgreiningum og hugtökum frekar en öðrum til að lýsa og „merkja“ fyrirbæri í orðræðunni. Þau hugtök sem stjórnmálamenn halda uppi í almennri umræðu þarf því að greina í félagslegu og pólitísku ljósi. Þessi grein byggir á orðræðugreiningu á hugtakanotkun stjórnmálamanna sem unnin var úr spurningalistakönnun Félagsvísindastofnunar Háskóla Íslands. Þar var skoðaður munur á viðhorfum almennings til þriggja (mis)mikilvægra málefna í íslenskum samtíma, þar sem einn hópur fékk spurningu um málefni með „hlutlausu“ hugtaki en annar hópur fékk spurningu um sama málefni með „gildishlöðnu“ hugtaki. Tilgáturnar gerðu ráð fyrir að hlutlausari hugtök hlytu meiri stuðning heldur en gildishlaðnari hugtök. Nánar tiltekið var spurt um viðhorf til: a) lögleiðingar spilahalla eða spilavíta hér á landi; b) setningu veggjalda eða vegtolla á þjóðvegum landsins; og c) nýrra laga um þungunarrof eða fóstureyðingar. Niðurstöðurnar sýndu að viðhorf til málefnanna þriggja voru mismunandi en bentu jafnframt til þess að hugtakanotkun skipti ekki miklu máli í þessu samhengi. Lítill og ómarktækur munur var á viðhorfum svarenda til lögleiðingar spilahalla eða spilavíta, sem og til laga um þungunarrof eða fóstureyðingar (tengslin voru frekar í öfuga átt við það sem spáð var), en marktækur munur kom fram á viðhorfum svarenda sem studdu frekar setningu veggjalda en vegtolla. Niðurstöðurnar benda til þess að útbreiðsla hugtaka og hugtakalæsi almennings skipti máli í þessu samhengi.
Icelandic newsrooms in a pandemic mode
Authors: Guðmundsson Birgir
Published: December 2020

Covid 19 has had enormous impact on media firms all over the world, adding further economic pressures to a sector already suffering problems. Two different trends come together in the present situation, a challenge to the economic model of traditional media and a massive move to remote or working from home practices by journalists and editorial staff. This, in conjunction with other changes in the media environment, has raised questions about traditional institutions of journalism and journalist practices such as the physical newsroom. Speculation about virtual newsrooms or remote journalism practices and a wave of newsroom closures or downsizing due to Covid 19 in the summer and fall of 2020 has highlighted these concerns even further. In this context the paper looks systematically at the response of Icelandic newsrooms to the ban on gatherings that was introduced in the first wave of Covid 19 in the spring of 2020. The practical measures taken by the newsrooms are looked at, the experience of journalists recorded, and the content output measured, analysed, and compared to the same period the year before. Results show that work processes were radically changed, journalists showed flexibility and are relatively open towards permanent changes based on their experience of working from home. There is an impact on content output, but it is in most cases marginal.
Attitudes towards refugees and Muslim immigrants in Iceland: The perceived link to terrorism
Authors: Valdimarsdóttir Margrét , Jónsdóttir Guðbjörg Andrea
Published: December 2020

In the past few years, millions have been forced to leave their homes seeking refuge in other countries, most displaced from Muslim majority countries. The inflow of refugees and recent terrorist attacks in Europe may have reinforced prejudice against Muslim immigrants in Europe. Research on these issues is almost non-existent in Iceland. Using a random sample of 3.360 individuals in late 2019 and a survey-based experimental design, we address several questions related to attitudes towards Muslim immigrants and refugees in Iceland. Our results indicate that just over half of the population is willing to accept more refugees than is currently done and does not want to limit the proportion of Muslims among them. Notwithstanding, about 44% of the public believe that the risk of terrorism will increase if Iceland accepts more immigrants from Muslim majority countries. Political orientation and education are associated with attitudes toward refugees, an association that is partly mediated through stereotypes of Muslims as a security threat. The findings also show that people who are informed that research finds no link between the number of Muslim immigrants and the risk of terrorism are less likely to stereotype Muslim immigrants as a security threat than people who get no such information. This type of information has similar effects on people irrespective of their political orientation. Consequently, the current study does not support the proposition that right-leaning individuals in Iceland are more distrustful of scientific information than those on the left. The effects are, however, significantly contingent on education.
Infrared sensor performance with boost and restoration
filtering
Authors: Short Robert , Littlejohn Duke , Bailey John , Driggers Ronald
Published: December 2020

The targeting task performance (TTP) model for prediction of target
identification range suggests that boost filtering with a
well-sampled, low-noise long-wave infrared (LWIR) sensor can
substantially increase target ID range (by enhancing contrast at high
spatial frequencies). We model a notional high-performance LWIR
imaging system with a high F-number, deep electron wells, and a
small-pitch focal plane array. System analysis performed with the
Night Vision Integrated Performance Model (NVIPM) predicts that a
range enhancement upwards of 50% is achievable with Wiener restoration
applied to imagery from the modeled sensor. Human perception
experiments were performed on simulated target imagery, with range
through different boost filters (including a Wiener restoration
filter) compared to the no-post-filter case. The TTP model was found
to significantly overestimate the performance improvement due to boost
and restoration filtering. Alternate predictions based on the Johnson
criteria were also performed, and these underestimated the impact of
boost. We speculate on reasons for the discrepancy and on promising
avenues for future research. Sensor parameters, NVIPM predictions,
filter parameters, and experimental data are provided.
High power 739  nm VECSELs for future Yb+ ion cooling
Authors: Woods Jonathan R. C. , Kahle Hermann , Gray Alan C. , Daykin Jake , Tropper Anne C. , Gawith Corin , Guina Mircea , Apostolopoulos Vasilis
Published: December 2020

We present an operational characterization of a vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser emitting around 739 nm with over 150 mW in a single fundamental spatial mode. Results show that the laser is capable of oscillating on a single cavity axial mode at 740 nm for up to 22 mW. Tuning of the optical emission is shown to reach 737.3 nm. Furthermore, at best performance, the laser exhibits a slope efficiency of 8.3% and a threshold power of 1.27 W for an output coupler reflectivity of 98%.
Sparse regularization-based reconstruction for 3D flame
chemiluminescence tomography
Authors: Jin Ying , Guo Zhenyan , Song Yang , Li Zhenhua , He Anzhi , Situ Guohai
Published: December 2020

Flame chemiluminescence tomography (FCT) is a non-intrusive method that
is based on using cameras to measure projections, and it plays a
crucial role in combustion diagnostics and measurement.
Mathematically, the inversion problem is ill-posed, and in the case of
limited optical accessibility in practical applications, it is rank
deficient. Therefore, the solution process should ideally be supported
by prior information, which can be based on the known physics. In this
work, the total variation (TV) regularization has been combined with
the well-known algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) for practical
FCT applications. The TV method endorses smoothness while also
preserving typical flame features such as the flame front. Split
Bregman iteration has been adopted for TV minimization. Five different
noise conditions and the chosen regularization parameter have been
tested in numerical studies. Additionally, for the 12 perspectives, an
experimental FCT system is demonstrated, which is utilized to recover
the three-dimensional (3D) chemiluminescence distribution of candle
flames. Both the numerical and experimental studies show that the
typical line artifacts that appear with the conventional ART algorithm
when recovering the continuous chemiluminescence field of the flames
are significantly reduced with the proposed algorithm.
Mitigation of laser-induced contamination in vacuum in high-repetition-rate high-peak-power laser systems
Authors: Hubka Zbyněk , Novák Jakub , Majerová Irena , Green Jonathan T. , Velpula Praveen K. , Boge Robert , Antipenkov Roman , Šobr Václav , Kramer Daniel , Majer Karel , Naylon Jack A. , Bakule Pavel , Rus Bedřich
Published: December 2020

Vacuum chambers are frequently used in high-energy, high-peak-power
laser systems to prevent deleterious nonlinear effects, which can
result from propagation in air. In the vacuum sections of the Allegra
laser system at ELI-Beamlines, we observed degradation of several
optical elements due to laser-induced contamination (LIC). This
contamination is present on surfaces with laser intensity above

30

G
W

/

c
m

2

with wavelengths of 515, 800, and
1030 nm. It can lead to undesired absorption on diffraction gratings,
mirrors, and crystals and ultimately to degradation of the laser beam
profile. Because the Allegra laser is intended to be a high-uptime
source for users, such progressive degradation is unacceptable for
operation. Here, we evaluate three methods of removing LIC from optics
in vacuum. One of them, the radio-frequency-generated plasma cleaning,
appears to be a suitable solution from the perspective of operating a
reliable, on-demand source for users.
Estimating the herd immunity threshold by accounting for the hidden asymptomatics using a COVID-19 specific model
Authors: Kaushal Shaurya , Rajput Abhineet Singh , Bhattacharya Soumyadeep , Vidyasagar M. , Kumar Aloke , Prakash Meher K. , Ansumali Santosh
Published: December 2020

A quantitative COVID-19 model that incorporates hidden asymptomatic patients is developed, and an analytic solution in parametric form is given. The model incorporates the impact of lock-down and resulting spatial migration of population due to announcement of lock-down. A method is presented for estimating the model parameters from real-world data, and it is shown that the various phases in the observed epidemiological data are captured well. It is shown that increase of infections slows down and herd immunity is achieved when active symptomatic patients are 10-25% of the population for the four countries we studied. Finally, a method for estimating the number of asymptomatic patients, who have been the key hidden link in the spread of the infections, is presented.
Short- versus long-term dual antiplatelet therapy after second-generation drug-eluting stent implantation in patients with diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Hongyu , Ke Junsong , Huang Jun , Xu Kai , Chen Yun
Published: December 2020

Background

Diabetes is considered to be a high-risk factor for thromboembolic events. However, available data about the optimal dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) after second-generation drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation are scant.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of various DAPT durations on clinical outcomes in patients with DM after second-generation DES implantation.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies that compared short-term (≤ 6 months) and long-term (≥ 12 months) DAPT in patients with DM. The primary endpoints were late (31–365 days) and very late (> 365 days) stent thrombosis (ST). The secondary endpoints included myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel recanalization (TVR), all-cause death, and major bleeding.

Results

Six randomized controlled trials, with a total of 3,657 patients with DM, were included in the study. In terms of the primary endpoint, there was no significant difference between the two groups in late (OR 1.15, 95% CI: 0.42–3.19, P = 0.79) or very late (OR 2.18, 95% CI: 0.20–24.18; P = 0.53) ST. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the secondary endpoints, including MI (OR 1.11, 95% CI: 0.72–1.71, P = 0.63), TVR (OR 1.31, 95% CI: 0.82–2.07, P = 0.26), all-cause death (OR 1.03, 95% CI: 0.61–1.75, P = 0.90) and major bleeding (OR 1.07, 95% CI: 0.34–3.40, P = 0.90) between the two groups.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that compared with long-term DAPT, short-term DAPT had no significant difference in the clinical outcomes of patients with DM implanted with second-generation DES.
Chronic IL-1 exposure drives LNCaP cells to evolve androgen and AR independence
Authors: Dahl Haley C. , Kanchwala Mohammed , Thomas-Jardin Shayna E. , Sandhu Amrit , Kanumuri Preethi , Nawas Afshan F. , Xing Chao , Lin Chenchu , Frigo Daniel E. , Delk Nikki A.
Published: December 2020

Chronic inflammation promotes prostate cancer (PCa) initiation and progression. We previously reported that acute intereluekin-1 (IL-1) exposure represses androgen receptor (AR) accumulation and activity, providing a possible mechanism for IL-1-mediated development of androgen- and AR-independent PCa. Given that acute inflammation is quickly resolved, and chronic inflammation is, instead, co-opted by cancer cells to promote tumorigenicity, we set out to determine if chronic IL-1 exposure leads to similar repression of AR and AR activity observed for acute IL-1 exposure and to determine if chronic IL-1 exposure selects for androgen- and AR-independent PCa cells. We generated isogenic sublines from LNCaP cells chronically exposed to IL-1α or IL-1β. Cells were treated with IL-1α, IL-1β, TNFα or HS-5 bone marrow stromal cells conditioned medium to assess cell viability in the presence of cytotoxic inflammatory cytokines. Cell viability was also assessed following serum starvation, AR siRNA silencing and enzalutamide treatment. Finally, RNA sequencing was performed for the IL-1 sublines. MTT, RT-qPCR and western blot analysis show that the sublines evolved resistance to inflammation-induced cytotoxicity and intracellular signaling and evolved reduced sensitivity to siRNA-mediated loss of AR, serum deprivation and enzalutamide. Differential gene expression reveals that canonical AR signaling is aberrant in the IL-1 sublines, where the cells show constitutive PSA repression and basally high KLK2 and NKX3.1 mRNA levels and bioinformatics analysis predicts that pro-survival and pro-tumorigenic pathways are activated in the sublines. Our data provide evidence that chronic IL-1 exposure promotes PCa cell androgen and AR independence and, thus, supports CRPCa development.
Elevated Coronary Artery Calcium scores are associated with tooth loss
Authors: Donders H. C. M. , IJzerman L. M. , Soffner M. , van ‘t Hof A. W. J. , Loos B. G. , de Lange J.
Published: December 2020

Aim

This study explores the association between Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) scores and dental pathology such as missing teeth, the (peri-apical) health status and restoration grade of the teeth, and the grade of alveolar bone loss seen on a dental panoramic radiograph (Orthopantomograph–OPG).

Materials and methods

In this retrospective cross-sectional study, data was collected from three hospitals spread in the Netherlands. Patients were included when a CAC score and an OPG were available, both recorded within a maximum period of 365 days from 2009–2017. The CAC score was measured on a CT scan, using the Agatston method. To assess dental pathology, the number of missing teeth, the number of dental implants, alveolar bone loss, caries, endodontic treatments, peri-apical radiolucencies, bone loss at implants, impacted teeth and dental cysts, were determined on the OPG. All observers were calibrated. The electronic health records provided information about: gender, age, smoking, Diabetes Mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and Body Mass Index (BMI).

Results

212 patients were included. We found a statistically significant association between the number of missing teeth and the CAC score. When modeling age, sex, and other well-known risk factors for cardiovascular disease, the significant correlation was no longer present after multivariate correction. Furthermore, the results showed a trend for more teeth with peri-apical lesions and a higher percentage of mean alveolar bone loss in the group with the highest CAC scores.

Conclusion

This study showed that being edentulous or missing teeth is correlated to higher CAC scores however failed to be an independent predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The number of (missing) teeth is an easily accessible marker and could be used as a marker for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) risk by almost any healthcare worker. The current study needs to be considered as an explorative pilot study and could contribute to the design of further (prospective) studies on the relationship between dental pathology and coronary artery calcification by adding clinical information and extra cardiovascular biomarkers.
A new approach for the determination of sunscreen levels in seawater by ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry
Authors: Tovar-Sánchez Antonio , Sparaventi Erica , Gaudron Amandine , Rodríguez-Romero Araceli
Published: December 2020

Sunscreen is released into the marine environment and is considered toxic for marine life. The current analytical methods for the quantification of sunscreen are mostly specific to individual chemical ingredients and based on complex analytical and instrumental techniques. A simple, selective, rapid, reproducible and low-cost spectrophotometric procedure for the quantification of commercial sunscreen in seawater is described here. The method is based on the inherent properties of these cosmetics to absorb in the wavelength of 300–400 nm. The absorption at 303 nm wavelength correlates with the concentration of most commercial sunscreens. This method allows the determination of sunscreens in the range of 2.5–1500 mg L-1, it requires no sample pretreatment and offers a precision of up to 0.2%. The spectrophotometric method was applied to quantify sunscreen concentrations at an Atlantic Beach with values ranging from 10 to 96.7 mg L-1 in the unfiltered fraction and from the undetectable value to 75.7 mg L-1 in the dissolved fraction. This method is suggested as a tool for sunscreen quantifications in environmental investigations and monitoring programs.
Game-based self-regulated language learning: Theoretical analysis and bibliometrics
Authors: Zhang Ruofei , Cheng Gary , Chen Xieling
Published: December 2020

Game-based learning and self-regulated learning have long been valued as effective approaches to language education. However, little research has been conducted to investigate their integration, namely, game-based self-regulated language learning (GBSRLL). This study aims to conceptualise GBSRLL based on the combination of theoretical analysis, thematic evolution analysis, and social network analysis on the research articles in the fields of game-based language learning and self-regulated language learning. The results show that GBSRLL is a new interdisciplinary field emerging since the period from 2018 to 2019. Self-regulated learning strategies that can be performed in GBSRLL, the effects of GBSRLL on learners’ affective states, and the features in GBSRLL were the prominent research topics in this field. Its theoretical foundation centres on the positive correlations between learner motivation, self-efficacy, and autonomy and the implementation of game-based learning and self-regulated learning. It is feasible to conduct GBSRLL due to the strong supportiveness of game mechanics for various phases and strategies of self-regulated learning. More contributions to this new interdisciplinary field are called for, especially from the aspects of the long-term effects of GBSRLL on academic performance and the useful tools and technologies for implementing GBSRLL.
Light promoted brown staining of protoplasm by Ag+ is ideal to test wheat pollen viability rapidly
Authors: Biswas Abhishek , Divya Subramaniyan , Sharmila Peddisetty , Pardha-Saradhi Peddisetty
Published: December 2020

Pollen viability is crucial for wheat breeding programs. The unique potential of the protoplasm of live cells to turn brown due to the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through rapid photoreduction of Ag+, was exploited for testing wheat pollen viability. Ag+-viability test medium (consisting of 0.5 mM AgNO3 and 300 mM KNO3) incubated with wheat pollen turned brown within 2 min under intense light (~600 μmol photon flux density m-2s-1), but not in dark. The brown medium displayed AgNPs-specific surface plasmon resonance band in its absorption spectrum. Light microscopic studies showed the presence of uniformly stained brown protoplasm in viable pollen incubated with Ag+-viability medium in the presence of light. Investigations with transmission electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray established the presence of distinct 5–35 nm NPs composed of Ag. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that AgNPs were crystalline and biphasic composed of Ag0 and Ag2O. Conversely, non-viable pollen and heat-killed pollen did not turn brown on incubation with Ag+-medium in light. We believe that the viable wheat pollen turn brown rapidly by bio-transforming Ag+ to AgNPs through photoreduction. Our findings furnish a novel simplest and rapid method for testing wheat pollen viability.
Glucocorticoids with low-dose anti-IL1 anakinra rescue in severe non-ICU COVID-19 infection: A cohort study
Authors: Borie Raphael , Savale Laurent , Dossier Antoine , Ghosn Jade , Taillé Camille , Visseaux Benoit , Jebreen Kamel , Diallo Abourahmane , Tesmoingt Chloe , Morer Lise , Goletto Tiphaine , Faucher Nathalie , Hajouji Linda , Neukirch Catherine , Phillips Mathilde , Stelianides Sandrine , Bouadma Lila , Brosseau Solenn , Ottaviani Sébastien , Pluvy Johan , Le Pluart Diane , Debray Marie-Pierre , Raynaud-Simon Agathe , Descamps Diane , Khalil Antoine , Timsit Jean Francois , Lescure Francois-Xavier , Descamps Vincent , Papo Thomas , Humbert Marc , Crestani Bruno , Dieude Philippe , Vicaut Eric , Zalcman Gérard ,   on behalf of Bichat & Kremlin-Bicêtre AP-HP COVID teams
Published: December 2020

Background

The optimal treatment for patients with severe coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) and hyper-inflammation remains debated.

Material and methods

A cohort study was designed to evaluate whether a therapeutic algorithm using steroids with or without interleukin-1 antagonist (anakinra) could prevent death/invasive ventilation. Patients with a ≥5-day evolution since symptoms onset, with hyper-inflammation (CRP≥50mg/L), requiring 3–5 L/min oxygen, received methylprednisolone alone. Patients needing ≥6 L/min received methylprednisolone + subcutaneous anakinra daily either frontline or in case clinical deterioration upon corticosteroids alone. Death rate and death or intensive care unit (ICU) invasive ventilation rate at Day 15, with Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% CIs, were determined according to logistic regression and propensity scores. A Bayesian analysis estimated the treatment effects.

Results

Of 108 consecutive patients, 70 patients received glucocorticoids alone. The control group comprised 63 patients receiving standard of care. In the corticosteroid±stanakinra group (n = 108), death rate was 20.4%, versus 30.2% in the controls, indicating a 30% relative decrease in death risk and a number of 10 patients to treat to avoid a death (p = 0.15). Using propensity scores a per-protocol analysis showed an OR for COVID-19-related death of 0.9 (95%CI [0.80–1.01], p = 0.067). On Bayesian analysis, the posterior probability of any mortality benefit with corticosteroids+/-anakinra was 87.5%, with a 7.8% probability of treatment-related harm. Pre-existing diabetes exacerbation occurred in 29 of 108 patients (26.9%).

Conclusion

In COVID-19 non-ICU inpatients at the cytokine release phase, corticosteroids with or without anakinra were associated with a 30% decrease of death risk on Day 15.
Distinct physical condition and social behavior phenotypes of CD157 and CD38 knockout mice during aging
Authors: Gerasimenko Maria , Lopatina Olga , Shabalova Anna A. , Cherepanov Stanislav M. , Salmina Alla B. , Yokoyama Shigeru , Goto Hisanori , Okamoto Hiroshi , Yamamoto Yasuhiko , Ishihara Katsuhiko , Higashida Haruhiro
Published: December 2020

The ability of CD38 and CD157 to utilize nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) has received much attention because the aging-induced elevation of CD38 expression plays a role in the senescence-related decline in NAD levels. Therefore, it is of interest to examine and compare the effects of age-associated changes on the general health and brain function impairment of Cd157 and Cd38 knockout (CD157 KO and CD38 KO) mice. The body weight and behaviors were measured in 8-week-old (young adult) or 12-month-old (middle-aged) male mice of both KO strains. The locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and social behavior of the mice were measured in the open field and three-chamber tests. The middle-aged CD157 KO male mice gained more body weight than young adult KO mice, while little or no body weight gain was observed in the middle-aged CD38 KO mice. Middle-aged CD157 KO mice displayed increased anxiety-like behavior and decreased sociability and interaction compared with young adult KO mice. Middle-aged CD38 KO mice showed less anxiety and hyperactivity than CD157 KO mice, similar to young adult CD38 KO mice. The results reveal marked age-dependent changes in male CD157 KO mice but not in male CD38 KO mice. We discuss the distinct differences in aging effects from the perspective of inhibition of NAD metabolism in CD157 and CD38 KO mice, which may contribute to differential behavioral changes during aging.
Multidimensional economic deprivation during the coronavirus pandemic: Early evidence from the United States
Authors: Dhongde Shatakshee
Published: December 2020

The coronavirus pandemic led to a severe economic shock in the United States. This paper uses a unique survey data collected early on in the pandemic to measure economic deprivation among individuals. The Federal Reserve Board fielded a Survey of Household Economics and Decision-making (SHED) in April 2020. This survey is used to compile data on four indicators of economic deprivation, namely: i) Overall financial condition, ii) Loss of employment, iii) Reduction in income and iv) Inability to pay bills in full. Data on these indicators is compiled for each individual and is used in a novel way to construct a set of multidimensional deprivation indices. These indices measure the overlap of deprivations experienced by an individual. Results show that almost 25 percent of the respondents faced hardships in at least two of the four indicators. More than 13 percent of adults reported their inability to pay monthly bills and struggled to make ends meet financially. One in four respondents had lower income compared to income from previous month. The economic shock affected Hispanics in a more profound way. More than 37 percent Hispanics reported hardship in two or more indicators and 8 percent reported hardship in all four indicators. Higher proportion of young adults and those without a college degree suffered multiple hardships. The paper highlights the plight of Americans during the early months of the economic crisis set in motion amid the coronavirus pandemic and sheds light on how economic disparities deepened along racial/ethnic lines.
A kivetítési torzítás mint a fogyasztói hasznosságot befolyásoló döntési hiba = Projection Bias as a Decision Bias Influencing Consumer Utility
Authors: Kovács Kármen
Published: December 2020

A kivetítési torzítás a viselkedési közgazdaságtan által vizsgált döntési hibák egyike, amelynek következtében az egyén hasznosság-maximalizálása azért nem valósul meg, mert jövőbeni fogyasztásáról való jelenbeli döntése során hibás a jövőbeni preferenciáival kapcsolatos előrejelzése. A tanulmány célja, hogy dinamikus szemléletmód alapján vizsgálja, mely tényezők és miként befolyásolják a jövőbeni preferenciák becslését, valamint azt, hogy mi okozhatja a döntés és a fogyasztás közötti időszakban azok változását. Az előrejelzési hibát többek közt a pillanatnyi motivációk, az alkalmazkodási képesség alábecslése befolyásolja, a preferenciák változását pedig az önkontroll problémák és a fogyasztói szokások (ki)alakulása is előidézheti. Az írásmű a kivetítési torzításról összkép alkotására törekszik.
Selected measures proposed and taken by current Indian government
Authors: Proch Dominik
Published: December 2020

ndia is going to have the second largest population and one of the largest markets in the world, however, trade and investment environment have been unsatisfactory. The economy was being paralyzed between 2011 and 2013 after long-standing problems had appeared. Nevertheless, a paradigm shift can be seen since 2014. In that year, Indian People’s Party won a majority in the general elections and Narendra Modi became the Prime Minister. Under his government, several programs have been introduced and some of them already implemented. The main objective is liberalization, deregulation or computerization, together calling for higher investment and trade exchange. GST is one of the most discussed reforms since it should have brought a unified tax system across all federal states with more transparent requirements for foreign entities. Subsequently, voluminous programs such as Make in India, Digital India, Clean India etc. have being promoted. Despite the fact that businesses can benefit from the outlined initiatives, common people are often affected in a negative way – which is the actual case of demonetisation.
A bűnben fogant tudomány? Összefoglaló A közgazdaságtan humanizálása c. könyv bemutatójáról
Authors: Baranyi Dániel Martin
Published: December 2020

A közgazdaságtan emberképét, az ún. homo oeconomicus-t gyakran vezetik vissza Adam Smithre és a láthatatlan kéz elméletére. A homo oeconomicus racionális és önző. Adam Smith a morálfilozófia skót professzora, akit a klasszikus közgazdaságtan atyjaként is számon tartanak, valóban erkölcstelen tudományt alapozott volna meg? A diszciplína alapítója A nemzetek gazdagsága (1776) előtt írta az Erkölcsi érzelmek elmélete (1759) című könyvét, melyet a filozófusok gyakran összeegyeztethetetlennek látnak a láthatatlan kéz elméletéhez kötött önző emberképpel. Vajon a közgazdaságtan tényleg bűnben fogant és ezért a tudományosságának alapja az erkölcstelenség? Többek között erre a kérdésre is keresi a választ A közgazdaságtan humanizálása2 c. könyv, melynek könyvbemutatóját 2020. augusztus 26-án tartották. A beszélgetést Sárvári Balázs, a Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem oktatója moderálta, beszélgetőpartnerei pedig Neszveda Gábor, a Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem oktatója, valamint Bertók Rózsa, a Pécsi Egyetem egyetemi docense voltak.
Development and validity evidence of the Two-Dimensional Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale
Authors:   Psychology and Philosophy School, University of Tarapacá, Arica, Chile, Ferrer-Urbina Rodrigo , Mena-Chamorro Patricio ,   Psychology and Philosophy School, University of Tarapacá, Arica, Chile, Zambrana Patricio ,   Psychology and Philosophy School, University of Tarapacá, Arica, Chile, Ramírez Cristian ,   Psychology and Philosophy School, University of Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
Published: December 2020

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), mainly HIV/AIDS, are acquired through risky sexual behaviors that have been associated with sexual sensation seeking. The purpose of this work is development a new scale for the assessment of sexual sensations seeking, with evidence of validity based on internal structure and relationship to other measures, for use in young people and adults in a Latin American context. An instrumental study was performed, with time-space sampling of students from the two Chilean cities with the highest rates of HIV. Final scale has 9 items to evaluate two dimensions: (1) sexual emotions seeking; and (2) tendency to sexual boredom. The identified structure provides good levels of reliability and presents validity evidence, based on the internal structure of the test, using CFA and ESEM. Two-dimensional sexual sensation seeking scale evidence proper psychometric properties to evaluate the seeking for sexual sensations in equivalents samples.
La pereza febril en la Educación Matemática concebida desde Michel Foucault
Authors: Rodriguez Milagros Elena
Published: December 2020

La conceptualización de la perceptividad febril por el genealogista Michel Focuault de las esencias soslayadora en la colonialidad de la Educación Matemática, desde la hermenéutica integral como método completo con el objetivo completo de analizar el peligro febril actual en la Educación Matemática actual y el despertar de la febrile beauty. hacia la Educación Matemática Decolonial Transcompleja . Más allá de los momentos analíticos, empíricos y proposicionales del dictum transmittal.En el momento de la proposición, el acto de instar al acto de reconectar desconectando el pensamiento del profesor de matemáticas, el poder del intercambio en una transformación espiritual descolonial que impulsa el ecosistema, una metamorfosis real, enfatizando los mecanismos modernistas de cómo transformar. desde las tareas exitosas, la efímera renovación de la mente del maestro, desde el relativismo de los innovadores, cuando el maestro continúa en su ejercicio del poder en su febril peligro. El sujeto investigador juega un papel principal en la indagación. Estas sólidas conclusiones de continuaciones para continuar los estudios en la línea de investigación Educación Matemática Decolonial Transcompleja.
Direito Internacional e a Pandemia
Authors: Menezes Wagner , Bezerra Marcos Henrique Jerônimo
Published: December 2020

Este documento tem por objetivo propor uma reflexão a respeito do Direito Internacional diante da pandemia da COVID-19. Primeiramente, o artigo examina juridicamente o papel do Direito Internacional vigente diante da pandemia da COVID-19, focando, em especial, no quadro regulatório à disposição da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Em seguida, a partir do exame da postura de alguns Estados em face da pandemia e da atuação da OMS, o texto aponta evidências que a conjuntura geopolítica atual ainda mantém a soberania nacional como máxima. Ato contínuo, o trabalho explica como a manutenção do primado da soberania não é o mais adequado para lidar com os desafios globais dos tempos contemporâneos. Finalmente, o artigo destaca a relevância de os operadores do Direito assumirem uma perspectiva sistêmica na prática do Direito Internacional contemporâneo que, apesar de suas falhas, ainda deve ser utilizado como instrumento para a paz e cooperação internacional.
A propósito de una experiencia de extensión universitaria en promoción de salud desde la Psicología en el ámbito educativo
Authors: Rydel Déborah
Published: December 2020

Este artículo relata y analiza una experiencia de trabajo desarrollada durante casi una década en el Primer Nivel de Atención en Salud, en una escuela pública en el departamento de Canelones, Uruguay. La experiencia forma parte de una práctica integral donde participan estudiantes avanzados de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad de la República y actores e instituciones comunitarias. El objetivo de esta presentación es realizar aportes teóricos y metodológicos para la formación de los estudiantes de Psicología en el ámbito del Primer Nivel de Atención en Salud así como contribuir a la difusión de experiencias en extensión universitaria que pueda servir como referencia para intervenciones similares en contextos institucionales y socioculturales diversos.
Función preventiva del Código Civil y Comercial y problemática ambiental
Authors: Berros Maria Valeria
Published: December 2020

En este artículo se toma como punto de partida la distinción analítica entre las funciones de recomposición/reparación, prevención y precaución para efectuar un estudio de la función preventiva. En especial se analizan las decisiones judiciales que han resuelto acciones preventivas en relación a diferentes temas asociados con daños y riesgos ambientales.
La persona jurídica y el daño no patrimonial
Authors: Albornoz Elena Beatriz
Published: December 2020

Desde la puesta en vigencia del Código Civil y Comercial han transcurrido cinco años. Este tiempo nos permite hacer un balance de la aplicación del Código referido a la persona jurídica y su regulación. Una temática que superó la regulación impuesta por el Código decimonónico, que contenía una normativa escueta, tanto de las perso-nas físicas como jurídicas. La sistematización en una parte general común de todas las personas jurídicas ha sido, sin lugar a dudas, un avance significativo, como también la ampliación de la enumeración de las personas jurídicas. Posterior al dictado del Código Civil y Comercial, se dictóla Ley No 27401 de Responsabilidad Penal de las Personas Jurídicas. A nuestro criterio, completó la sistemación en la órbita de la responsabilidad de las personas jurídicas. Sin embargo, nos preguntamos, si las personas jurídicas responden tanto civil como penalmente, ¿pueden ser legitimadas activas de daños extrapatrimoniales o no patrimoniales? Nos proponemos analizar el interrogante al amparo de la normativa de daño incorporado por el CCyCN.
Efectos del Código Civil y Comercial en temas societarios vinculados con la ley concursal
Authors: Prono Javier R. , Basualdo María Eugenia
Published: December 2020

En el trabajo se abordan los efectos del Código Civil y Comercial en temas societarios vinculados con la ley concursal. Hemos trabajado con una mirada transversal con la intención de que sea una herramienta didáctica de utilidad para estudiantes.
A Scientometric Assessment of Global Publications in E Learning Research during 2003 to 18
Authors: Gupta B M , Dhawan SM
Published: December 2020

The paper provides quantitative and qualitative assessment of global publications output in the domain of e-learning research (1809 publications). The data was sourced from Scopus database during 2003-18. The study finds that global e-learning research registered 18.92 per cent annual average growth, averaged 6.90 citations per paper in a 16-year window. The distribution of global research in the subject is highly skewed as 10 out of 94 participating countries account for 62.58 per cent global publications share. A total of 449 authors from 387 organisations contributed to global e-learning research. The top 15 organisations collectively contributed 14.81 per cent global publication share and 24.52 per cent global citation share respectively. The top 15 authors contributed 7.89 per cent global publication share and and 33.45 per cent global citation share respectively during the period. Carnegie Mellon University, USA (49 papers) is the most productive organisations in the world, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan (23.29 and 3.37) is the most cited organisation. M. Vivou (24 papers) is most prolific author in the world and C.M. Chen (103.0 and 14.93) the most cited author in the subject. Computers and Education and Computers in Human Behavior (20 papers) were the leading journals publishing on this theme.
Library and Information Science Research in India during the Last Four Decades 1980 2019
Authors: Shukla Archana , Sharma Jaideep , Kumar Sunil , Mahala Avijit , Tripathi Manorama
Published: December 2020

The present paper has attempted to highlight published research in Library and Information Science discipline contributed by LIS researchers in India during the last four decades, 1980-2019. The secondary data for the study was extracted from Incites, a web based analytical tool, of Clarivate Analytics. The study has observed that there were 4304 publications by Indian authors, which received 17523 citations. It has spotlighted the research themes of the top 100 papers; having the highest numbers of citations. The study has analysed citations, publication avenues and authorship of all 4304 papers. Research themes of highly cited 100 research papers in the areas of applications of bibliometrics, knowledge management and information seeking behaviour on social media received 6110 citations. Bibliometrics/scientometrics/informetrics were the preferred research themes followed by information seeking behaviour and other areas.The study has also presented the analysis with respect to collaboration. The practice of solo research changed with authors collaborating in projects and producing papers. Percentage of co-authored articles grew from 5.61 per cent to 12.66 per cent in India. Journal impact, author impact, core journals and most productive authors in the discipline have also been studied.