bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in Meeting the Physical Activity Guidelines: Muscle-Strengthening Alone and Combined With Aerobic Activity, United States, 1998–2018
Authors: Hyde Eric T. , Whitfield Geoffrey P. , Omura John D. , Fulton Janet E. , Carlson Susan A.
Published: August 2021

Background: The National Health Interview Survey is unique among US federal surveillance systems with over 20 years of consistent assessment of muscle-strengthening and aerobic activity. The authors examined trends in the prevalence of US adults who met the muscle-strengthening (2 or more days per week) and the combined muscle-strengthening and aerobic physical activity (at least 150 min/wk of moderate-intensity equivalent activity) guidelines from 1998 to 2018. Methods: The 1998–2018 National Health Interview Survey data were analyzed. Age-adjusted prevalence of meeting the muscle-strengthening and combined aerobic and muscle-strengthening guidelines by selected respondent characteristics were estimated for each year and linear and higher-order trends were assessed. Results: From 1998 to 2018, prevalence of meeting the muscle-strengthening guideline increased from 17.7% to 27.6%, and meeting the combined aerobic and muscle-strengthening guidelines increased from 14.4% to 24.0%. All subgroups demonstrated significant increases in meeting both guideline measures over this period although trends varied across the 21 years; increasing trends were more commonly sustained in the second decade of monitoring. Conclusions: Although increasing trends in prevalence of meeting the muscle-strengthening and combined guidelines are encouraging, current prevalence estimates remain low. Opportunities exist for the continued promotion of muscle-strengthening activity using evidence-based approaches.
Trends in Self-Reported Sitting Time by Physical Activity Levels Among US Adults, NHANES 2007/2008–2017/2018
Authors: Ussery Emily N. , Whitfield Geoffrey P. , Fulton Janet E. , Galuska Deborah A. , Matthews Charles E. , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Carlson Susan A.
Published: August 2021

Background: High levels of sedentary behavior and physical inactivity increase the risk of premature mortality and several chronic diseases. Monitoring national trends and correlates of sedentary behavior and physical inactivity can help identify patterns of risk in the population over time. Methods: The authors used self-reported data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007/2008–2017/2018) to estimate trends in US adults’ mean daily sitting time, overall, and stratified by levels of leisure-time and multidomain physical activity, and in the joint prevalence of high sitting time (>8 h/d) and physical inactivity. Trends were tested using orthogonal polynomial contrasts. Results: Overall, mean daily sitting time increased by 19 minutes from 2007/2008 (332 min/d) to 2017/2018 (351 min/d) (Plinear < .05; Pquadratic < .05). The highest point estimate occurred in 2013/2014 (426 min/d), with a decreasing trend observed after this point (Plinear < .05). Similar trends were observed across physical activity levels and domains, with one exception: an overall linear increase was not observed among sufficiently active adults. The mean daily sitting time was lowest among highly active adults compared with less active adults when using the multidomain physical activity measure. Conclusions: Sitting time among adults increased over the study period but decreased in recent years.
Sex-Stratified Trends in Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines, Participating in Sports, and Attending Physical Education Among US Adolescents, Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2009–2019
Authors: Chen Tiffany J. , Watson Kathleen B. , Michael Shannon L. , Carlson Susan A.
Published: August 2021

Background: During the past decade, guidelines for youth aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity remained unchanged. Active People, Healthy NationSM highlighted school and youth strategies (eg, sports and physical education [PE]) to increase physical activity. Sex, grade, and race/ethnicity disparities exist. This study examines sex-specific trends and differences by grade and race/ethnicity for the prevalence of 5 youth physical activity behaviors from 2009 to 2019. Methods: The national Youth Risk Behavior Survey assesses adolescents (grades 9–12) meeting the aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and both guidelines (2011–2019) and sports participation and daily PE (2009–2019). Sex-stratified logistic regression assessed trends and 2009 or 2011–2019 differences by grade and racial/ethnic subgroups. Results: Decreases in meeting the aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and both guidelines were observed for nearly all male subgroups by grade and race/ethnicity, whereas female subgroups exhibited declines or no change to low prevalence. Sports and PE participation remained mostly constant; select subgroups showed decreases (ie, Hispanic males [sports]; Black males and ninth-grade females [PE]). Conclusions: Past decade prevalence and patterns suggest that school-based and other strategies for all adolescents and tailored interventions for sex-specific subgroups may be needed to supplement sports and PE in promoting high school youth physical activity.
The Atlas of Bacterial & Archaeal Cell Structure
: an Interactive Open-Access Microbiology Textbook
Authors: Oikonomou Catherine M. , Jensen Grant J.
Published: August 2021

Here, we describe a new open-access digital textbook for microbiology,
The Atlas of Bacterial & Archaeal Cell Structure
(available at
cellstructureatlas.org
). The book addresses a fundamental gap in existing textbooks, namely, what bacterial and archaeal cells look like and how the macromolecular structures they contain give rise to their diverse and complex functions.
Foodborne Illness Outbreak Investigation for One Health Postsecondary Education
Authors: Shearer Adrienne E. H. , Kniel Kalmia E.
Published: August 2021

One Health concepts were incorporated in a foodborne disease outbreak investigation with game features of data presented as visual and manipulative clues. Postsecondary pre-veterinary medicine and animal biosciences students and food science students (
n
 = 319) enrolled in an introductory animal and food sciences course over a 3-year period received a brief introduction to foodborne illness, an outbreak scenario, and investigative tasks to complete individually or in groups.
Online Tools for Teaching Cancer Bioinformatics
Authors: Taylor Mason D. , Mendenhall Bryn , Woods Calvin S. , Rasband Madeline E. , Vallejo Milene C. , Bailey Elizabeth G. , Payne Samuel H.
Published: August 2021

The rise of deep molecular characterization with omics data as a standard in biological sciences has highlighted a need for expanded instruction in bioinformatics curricula. Many large biology data sets are publicly available and offer an incredible opportunity for educators to help students explore biological phenomena with computational tools, including data manipulation, visualization, and statistical assessment.
A Common Pathway for Activation of Host-Targeting and Bacteria-Targeting Toxins in Human Intestinal Bacteria
Authors: Bao Yiqiao , Verdegaal Andrew A. , Anderson Brent W. , Barry Natasha A. , He Jing , Gao Xiang , Goodman Andrew L.
Published: August 2021

The human intestine harbors a highly complex microbial community; interpersonal variation in this community can impact pathogen susceptibility, metabolism, and other aspects of health. Here, we identified and characterized a commensal-targeting antibacterial protein encoded in the gut microbiome.
Enhanced Virus Detection and Metagenomic Sequencing in Patients with Meningitis and Encephalitis
Authors: Piantadosi Anne , Mukerji Shibani S. , Ye Simon , Leone Michael J. , Freimark Lisa M. , Park Daniel , Adams Gordon , Lemieux Jacob , Kanjilal Sanjat , Solomon Isaac H. , Ahmed Asim A. , Goldstein Robert , Ganesh Vijay , Ostrem Bridget , Cummins Kaelyn C. , Thon Jesse M. , Kinsella Cormac M. , Rosenberg Eric , Frosch Matthew P. , Goldberg Marcia B. , Cho Tracey A. , Sabeti Pardis
Published: August 2021

Meningitis and encephalitis are leading global causes of central nervous system (CNS) disability and mortality. Current diagnostic workflows remain inefficient, requiring costly pathogen-specific assays and sometimes invasive surgical procedures.
UHRF1 Suppresses HIV-1 Transcription and Promotes HIV-1 Latency by Competing with p-TEFb for Ubiquitination-Proteasomal Degradation of Tat
Authors: Liang Taizhen , Zhang Qiao , Wu Ziyao , Chen Pei , Huang Yifan , Liu Shuwen , Li Lin
Published: August 2021

HIV-1 latency is systematically modulated by host factors and viral proteins. In our work, we identified a critical role of host factor ubiquitin-like with PHD and RING finger domain 1 (UHRF1) in HIV-1 latency via the modulation of the viral protein Tat stability.
Aspergillus fumigatus In-Host HOG Pathway Mutation for Cystic Fibrosis Lung Microenvironment Persistence
Authors: Ross Brandon S. , Lofgren Lotus A. , Ashare Alix , Stajich Jason E. , Cramer Robert A.
Published: August 2021

Aspergillus fumigatus
infection causes a spectrum of clinical manifestations. For individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an established complication, but there is a growing appreciation for
A. fumigatus
airway persistence in CF disease progression.
The Mus musculus Papillomavirus Type 1 E7 Protein Binds to the Retinoblastoma Tumor Suppressor: Implications for Viral Pathogenesis
Authors: Wei Tao , Grace Miranda , Uberoi Aayushi , Romero-Masters James C. , Lee Denis , Lambert Paul F. , Munger Karl
Published: August 2021

Papillomavirus infections cause a variety of epithelial hyperplastic lesions, or warts. While most warts are benign, some papillomaviruses cause lesions that can progress to squamous cell carcinomas, and approximately 5% of all human cancers are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infections.
Cardiovascular care of older adults
Authors: O’Neill Deirdre E , Forman Daniel E
Published: August 2021

Age is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. With the accelerated growth of the population of older adults, geriatric and cardiac care are becoming increasingly entwined. Although cardiovascular disease in younger adults often occurs as an isolated problem, it is more likely to occur in combination with clinical challenges related to age in older patients. Management of cardiovascular disease is transmuted by the context of multimorbidity, frailty, polypharmacy, cognitive dysfunction, functional decline, and other complexities of age. This means that additional insight and skills are needed to manage a broader range of relevant problems in older patients with cardiovascular disease. This review covers geriatric conditions that are relevant when treating older adults with cardiovascular disease, particularly management considerations. Traditional practice guidelines are generally well suited for robust older adults, but many others benefit from a relatively more personalized therapeutic approach that allows for a range of medical circumstances and idiosyncratic goals of care. This requires weighing of risks and benefits amidst the patient’s aggregate clinical status and the ability to communicate effectively about this with patients and, where appropriate, their care givers in a process of shared decision making. Such a personalized approach can be particularly gratifying, as it provides opportunities to optimize an older patient’s function and quality of life at a time in life when these often become foremost therapeutic priorities.
On the existence and stability of traversable wormhole solutions in modified theories of gravity
Authors: Sokoliuk Oleksii , Baransky Alexander
Published: August 2021

We study Morris–Thorne static traversable wormhole solutions in different modified theories of gravity. We focus our study on the quadratic gravity $$f({\mathscr {R}}) = {\mathscr {R}}+a{\mathscr {R}}^2$$

f

(
R
)

=
R
+
a

R

2

, power-law $$f({\mathscr {R}}) = f_0{\mathscr {R}}^n$$

f

(
R
)

=

f
0

R

n

, log-corrected $$f({\mathscr {R}})={\mathscr {R}}+\alpha {\mathscr {R}}^2+\beta {\mathscr {R}}^2\ln \beta {\mathscr {R}}$$

f

(
R
)

=
R
+
α

R

2

+
β

R

2

ln
β
R

theories, and finally on the exponential hybrid metric-Palatini gravity $$f(\mathscr {\hat{R}})=\zeta \bigg (1+e^{-\frac{\hat{{\mathscr {R}}}}{\varPhi }}\bigg )$$

f

(

R
^

)

=
ζ

(

1
+

e

-

R
^

Φ

)

. Wormhole fluid near the throat is adopted to be anisotropic, and redshift factor to have a constant value. We solve numerically the Einstein field equations and we derive the suitable shape function for each MOG of our consideration by applying the equation of state $$p_t=\omega \rho $$

p
t

=
ω
ρ

. Furthermore, we investigate the null energy condition, the weak energy condition, and the strong energy condition with the suitable shape function b(r). The stability of Morris–Thorne traversable wormholes in different modified gravity theories is also analyzed in our paper with a modified Tolman–Oppenheimer–Voklov equation. Besides, we have derived general formulas for the extra force that is present in MTOV due to the non-conserved stress-energy tensor.
Chronicle of the discovery of the back-bending phenomenon in atomic nuclei: a personal recollection 50 years on
Authors: Ryde Hans
Published: August 2021

A chronicle describing the historical context and the development of ideas and experiments leading to the discovery of the back-bending phenomenon in rapidly rotating atomic nuclei some 50 years ago is presented. The moment of inertia of some atomic nuclei increases anomalously at a certain rotational frequency, revealing important clues to our understanding of nuclear structure. I highlight the decisive interactions and contacts between experimentalists and theorists, which created the right environment, allowing for the revelation of an undetected phenomenon in Nature. Finally, I reflect on the key points allowing for the discovery and particularly point to the importance of systematic surveys, which in this case investigated the energy levels in heavy nuclei of a large sample of elements, as well as to the accuracy of the measurements of the ground state levels made at the time.
Slip flow of hybrid nanofluid in presence of solar radiation
Authors: Das Kalidas , Acharya Nilangshu , SK Md Tausif , Duari Pinaki Ranjan , Chakraborty Tanmoy
Published: August 2021

A theoretical model on MHD hybrid nanofluid flow in accordance with non-uniform heat flux and solar energy radiation has been studied in our work. Also, the impact of multiple slip conditions is presumed at the boundary. Comparative flow analyses for hybrid nanofluid (Al2O3/Cu–H2O) and single nanoparticle-based nanofluid (Cu–H2O) are addressed here with graphs and charts. The leading partial differential equations with boundary conditions have been converted into ordinary differential equations with the aid of similarity transformation. The final system is tackled via the fifth-order Runge–Kutta–Felberg method with shooting procedure and the computation is done using Maple 17. One of the interesting results shows that with the growth of thermal radiation, the Nusselt number for Cu–H2O is reduced by 26.16%, whereas for the same, Nusselt number for Al2O3/Cu–H2O is lessened by 27.38%. Fallout shows that with the growing values of velocity slip parameter, the thermal boundary layer thickness enlarges faster for Al2O3/Cu–H2O in comparison to Cu–H2O.
RESPONSE OF STOCK MARKET DURING COVID-19 AND 2008 FINANCIAL CRISIS: A COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE FROM BRICS NATIONS
Authors: KUMAR SANJEEV , KAUR JASPREET , TABASH MOSAB I. , TRAN DANG K. , DHANKAR RAJ S
Published: August 2021

This study attempts to examine the response of stock markets amid the COVID-19 pandemic on prominent stock markets of the BRICS nation and compare it with the 2008 financial crisis by employing the GARCH and EGARCH model. First, average and variance of stock returns are tested for differences before and after the pandemic, t-test and F-test were applied. Further, OLS regression was applied to study the impact of COVID-19 on the standard deviation of returns using daily data of total cases, total deaths, and returns of the indices from the date on which the first case was reported till June 2020. Second, GARCH and EGARCH models are employed to compare the impact of COVID-19 and the 2008 financial crisis on the stock market volatility by using the data of respective stock indices for the period 2005–2020. The results suggest that the increasing number of COVID-19 cases and reported death cases hurt stock markets of the five countries except for South Africa in the latter case. The findings of the GARCH and EGARCH model indicate that for India and Russia, the financial crisis of 2008 has caused more stock volatility whereas stock markets of China, Brazil, and South Africa have been more volatile during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study has practical implications for investors, portfolio managers, institutional investors, regulatory institutions, and policymakers as it provides an understanding of stock market behavior in response to a major global crisis and helps them in taking decisions considering the risk of these events.
Compact stars in f(ℛ,𝒢,𝒯 ) gravity
Authors: Ilyas M.
Published: August 2021

This work is to introduce a new kind of modified gravitational theory, named as [Formula: see text] (also [Formula: see text]) gravity, where [Formula: see text] is the Ricci scalar, [Formula: see text] is Gauss–Bonnet invariant and [Formula: see text] is the trace of the energy–momentum tensor. With the help of different models in this gravity, we investigate some physical features of different relativistic compact stars. For this purpose, we develop the effectively modified field equations, conservation equation, and the equation of motion for test particle. Then, we check the impact of additional force (massive test particle followed by a nongeodesic line of geometry) on compact objects. Furthermore, we took three notable stars named as [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The physical behavior of the energy density, anisotropic pressures, different energy conditions, stability, anisotropy, and the equilibrium scenario of these strange compact stars are analyzed through various plots. Finally, we conclude that the energy conditions hold, and the core of these stars is so dense.
Homotopy perturbation method with three expansions for Helmholtz-Fangzhu oscillator
Authors: He Ji-Huan , El-Dib Yusry O.
Published: August 2021

This paper shows that the Toda oscillator can be converted to a new Helmholtz-Fangzhu equation, which is solved by the homotopy perturbation method with three expansions. The solution, the negative frequency and the damping rate are expanded into power forms in the homotopy parameter, the solution process is given step by step, and the results are of high accuracy. This paper gives a general approach to damp vibrations with singular terms,especially to the Helmholtz-Fangzhu oscillator.
Lax pair, Darboux transformation and rogue-periodic waves of a nonlinear Schrödinger–Hirota equation with the spatio-temporal dispersion and Kerr law nonlinearity in nonlinear optics
Authors: Wei Cheng-Cheng , Tian Bo , Qu Qi-Xing , Chen Su-Su , Yang Dan-Yu
Published: August 2021

For a nonlinear Schrödinger–Hirota equation with the spatio-temporal dispersion and Kerr law nonlinearity in nonlinear optics, we derive a Lax pair, a Darboux transformation and two families of the periodic-wave solutions via the Jacobian elliptic functions dn and cn. We construct the linearly-independent and non-periodic solutions of that Lax pair, and substitute those solutions into the Darboux transformation to get the rogue-periodic-wave solutions. When the third-order dispersion or group velocity dispersion (GVD) or inter-modal dispersion (IMD) increases, the maximum amplitude of the rogue-periodic wave remains unchanged. From the rogue-dn-periodic-wave solutions, when the GVD decreases, the minimum amplitude of the rogue-dn-periodic wave decreases. When the third-order dispersion decreases, the minimum amplitude of the rogue-dn-periodic wave rises. Decrease of the IMD causes the period of the rogue-dn-periodic wave to decrease. From the rogue-cn-periodic-wave solutions, when the GVD increases, the minimum amplitude of the rogue-cn-periodic wave decreases. Increase of the third-order dispersion or IMD leads to the decrease of the period.
Traversable wormholes in the traceless f(R,T) gravity
Authors: Sahoo Parbati , Moraes P. H. R. S. , Lapola Marcelo M. , Sahoo P. K.
Published: August 2021

Wormholes are tunnels connecting different regions in spacetime. They were obtained originally as a solution for Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity and according to this theory they need to be filled by an exotic kind of anisotropic matter. In the present sense, by “exotic matter” we mean matter that does not satisfy the energy conditions. In this paper, we propose the modeling of traversable wormholes (i.e. wormholes that can be safely crossed) within an alternative gravity theory that proposes an extra material (rather than geometrical) term in its gravitational action, namely the traceless [Formula: see text] theory of gravitation, with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] being, respectively, the Ricci scalar and trace of the energy–momentum tensor. Our solutions are obtained from well-known particular cases of the wormhole metric potentials, namely redshift and shape functions. In possession of the solutions for the wormhole material content, we also apply the energy conditions to them. The features of those are carefully discussed.
Bulk viscosity in strong and electroweak matter
Authors: Tawfik Abdel Nasser , Greiner Carsten
Published: August 2021

For temperatures [Formula: see text] ranging from a few MeV up to TeV and energy density [Formula: see text] up to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV/fm3, the bulk viscosity [Formula: see text] is calculated in nonperturbation (up, down, strange, charm and bottom) and perturbation theories with up, down, strange, charm, bottom and top quark flavors, at vanishing baryon-chemical potential. To these calculations, results deduced from the effective QCD-like model, the Polyakov linear-sigma model (PLSM), are also integrated in. The PLSM merely comes up with essential contributions for the vacuum and thermal condensations of the gluons and the quarks (up, down, strange and charm flavors). Furthermore, the thermal contributions of the photons, neutrinos, charged leptons, electroweak particles and scalar Higgs boson are found very significant along the entire range of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and therefore could be well integrated in. We present the dimensionless quantity [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a perturbative scale and [Formula: see text] is the entropy density and conclude that [Formula: see text] exponentially decreases with increasing [Formula: see text]. We also conclude that the resulting [Formula: see text] with the nonperturbative and perturbative QCD contributions nonmonotonically increases with increasing [Formula: see text]. But with nearly-entire standard model contributions considered in this study, [Formula: see text] almost-linearly increases with increasing of [Formula: see text]. Apparently, these results offer a great deal to explore in astrophysics, cosmology and nuclear collisions.
Ontology-Driven Multicriteria Decision Support for Victim Evacuation
Authors: Elmhadhbi Linda , Karray Mohamed-Hedi , Archimède Bernard , Otte J. Neil , Smith Barry
Published: August 2021

In light of the complexity of unfolding disasters, the diversity of rapidly evolving events, the enormous amount of generated information, and the huge pool of casualties, emergency responders (ERs) may be overwhelmed and in consequence poor decisions may be made. In fact, the possibility of transporting the wounded victims to one of several hospitals and the dynamic changes in healthcare resource availability make the decision process more complex. To tackle this problem, we propose a multicriteria decision support service, based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, that aims to avoid overcrowding and outpacing the capacity of a hospital to effectively provide the best care to victims by finding out the most appropriate hospital that meets the victims’ needs. The proposed approach searches for the most appropriate healthcare institution that can effectively deal with the victims’ needs by considering the availability of the needed resources in the hospital, the victim’s wait time to receive the healthcare, and the transfer time that represents the hospital proximity to the disaster site. The evaluation and validation results showed that the assignment of hospitals was done successfully considering the needs of each victim and without overwhelming any single hospital.
Computational Study of Adsorption Effects of Karanjin Drug Over Carbon Nanotube (C56H16) as Factor of Drug Delivery System — A Quantum Chemical Approach
Authors: Pandey Anoop Kumar , Singh Vijay , Dwivedi Apoorva
Published: August 2021

Karanjin, phytochemical from Pongamia pinnata is reported to be effective against HIV that causes AIDS in humans, however, the delivery of this therapeutic molecule still needs improvement. Hence, this study provides a better understanding of the nonbonded interaction between an anti-HIV drug karanjin and carbon nanotube (CNT) (C56H16). The electronic structure and interaction properties of the molecule karanjin over the surface of CNT were theoretically studied in the gas phase by DFT/B3LYP/6-31G ([Formula: see text]) level of theory for the first time. The UV–Vis spectra and transitions of the karanjin drug, CNT (C56H16) and complex CNT (C-56)/karanjin in gas phase have been calculated by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) for the investigation of adsorption effect. To support our hypothesis, we have performed quantum chemical analysis for CNT (C56H16)/karanjin in water and DMSO solvent. In this process, this CNT (C-56)/karanjin complex enters into affected cell in liquid medium. After that, the drug delivery system CNT (C-56) unloads karanjin at the affected site. The binding character interactive species have been determined by NBO and AIM analysis. The frontier orbital HOMO–LUMO gap, chemical softness, chemical hardness have also been calculated to understand its complete chemical properties. The outcomes from our interaction of drug karanjin with CNT (C56H16) will be instrumental for better drug delivery potential in the upcoming future.
Simulation and verification analysis of the ride comfort of an in-wheel motor-driven electric vehicle based on a combination of ADAMS and MATLAB
Authors: Shi Peicheng , Zhao Qi , Wang Kefei , Zhang Rongyun , Xiao Ping
Published: August 2021

To study the ride comfort of wheel-hub-driven electric vehicles, a simulation and verification method based on a combination of ADAMS and MATLAB modeling is proposed. First, a multibody dynamic simulation model of an in-wheel motor-driven electric vehicle is established using ADAMS/Car. Then, the pavement excitation and electromagnetic force analytical equations are provided based on the specific operating conditions of the vehicle and the in-wheel motor to analyze the impact of the electromagnetic force fluctuation from an unsprung mass increase and motor air gap unevenness on vehicle ride comfort after the introduction of an in-wheel motor. Next, the vibration model and the motion differential equation of the body–wheel dual-mass system of an in-wheel motor-driven electric vehicle are established. The influence of the in-wheel motor on the vibration response index of the dual-mass system is analyzed by using MATLAB/Simulink software. The variation in the vehicle vibration performance index with/without the motor electromagnetic force excitation factor is analyzed and compared with the ADAMS multibody dynamics analysis results. The results show that the method based on a combination of ADAMS and MATLAB modeling can forecast the ride comfort of an in-wheel motor-driven electric vehicle, reducing the cost of physical prototype experiments.
Indigenous language and culture visibility in the digital age
Authors: Santiago Janet Chávez
Published: August 2021

This forum is dedicated to exploring the notion of meaningfulness in design processes, taking the perspectives of community groups, nongovernmental organizations, and those who are marginalized in society as starting points. Authors will reflect conceptually and methodologically on practical engagements.
--- Rosanna Bellini
and
Angelika Strohmayer, Editors
The Ecology and Evolution of Model Microbial Mutualisms
Authors: Chacón Jeremy M. , Hammarlund Sarah P. , Martinson Jonathan N.V. , Smith Leno B. , Harcombe William R.
Published: August 2021

Mutually beneficial interspecific interactions are abundant throughout the natural world, including between microbes. Mutualisms between microbes are critical for everything from human health to global nutrient cycling. Studying model microbial mutualisms in the laboratory enables highly controlled experiments for developing and testing evolutionary and ecological hypotheses. In this review, we begin by describing the tools available for studying model microbial mutualisms. We then outline recent insights that laboratory systems have shed on the evolutionary origins, evolutionary dynamics, and ecological features of microbial mutualism. We touch on gaps in our current understanding of microbial mutualisms, note connections to mutualism in nonmicrobial systems, and call attention to open questions ripe for future study.
A Multiattribute Decision-Making Framework: VIKOR Method with Complex Spherical Fuzzy
N
-Soft Sets
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Shabir Maria , Adeel Arooj , Al-Kenani Ahmad N.
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we set forth a framework for solving a multiattribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problem, namely, the selection of a firm for participation in a Saudi oil refinery project in Pakistan. This project will prove a key success factor for the economic growth of Pakistan due to its enormous economic impact on the energy sector, industrial development, commerce, transportation, and so on. This multiplicity justifies that several intricate components comprising both intrinsic and external attributes should be adequately evaluated for the selection of such a firm, that is, the formulation of this question as a MAGDM problem. Nonbinary evaluation with two-dimensional ambiguity and uncertainty in the parameters are general concerns in modern literature, and they fit into this problem. Within this context, one of the most superior and amenable theories (complex spherical fuzzy

N

-soft sets, henceforth

C
S
F
N

S

f

S
s

) shall be used to formulate a new comprehensive method, known as complex spherical fuzzy

N

-soft-VIKOR (

C
S
F
N

S

f

-VIKOR) method. According to the general spirit of the benchmark technique, the normalized Euclidean distances and the weights of the attributes are jointly handled, and as consequence, two main features (“maximum group utility” and “minimum individual regret”) are acquired. The coefficient strategy with reference to group utility measure and individual regret measure of opponents are employed for the compromise measure. Armed with this novel tool, we single out the most feasible firm according to the preference order of the alternatives examined by the decision-makers on the subject of linear normalized weights of experts and attributes. Furthermore, a comparative analysis justifies the

C
S
F

-VIKOR method, and some results prove its capabilities and validity. Moreover, a sensitivity test certifies the stability of the proposed method.
Numerical Analysis of Bearing Behavior of the Prebored Precast Pile with an Enlarged Base
Authors: Ling Zao , Wu Jiangbin , Wang Weidong
Published: August 2021

Prebored precast pile with an enlarged base (PPEB pile) is a new type of green and environmental protection pile foundation developed in China in recent years, which has complex bearing characteristics and many influencing factors. Based on the static load tests and key parameters’ tests in deep soft soil in Shanghai, a three‐dimensional numerical analysis model was established using ABAQUS finite element software. The transfer law of load among the precast pile, cement soil, and soil around the pile and the action mechanism of the enlarged base were analyzed emphatically, and a sensitivity analysis of the main factors affecting the bearing performance was carried out. The calculation results show that the existence of the enlarged base can greatly improve the compressive bearing capacity, increasing the diameter and height of the enlarged base is beneficial to the bearing capacity, and the influence of the diameter expansion ratio is more effective. With the increase of the proportion of nodular piles, the ultimate bearing capacity increases slightly, but the deformation increases obviously. Under the condition of cement soil of the test piles, the spacing of the neighboring nodules of nodular piles has no obvious effect on the bearing capacity, and the 1 m spacing commonly used in engineering applications can be optimized. The increase of cement soil thickness is beneficial to the improvement of pile bearing capacity, but the efficiency is low. Finally, some improvement measures for the construction technology of the PPEB pile were put forward.
The Effect of Symptom Clusters and Sleep Disorder on Quality of Life among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Hao Guihua , Qiu Qiaojing , Hou Lili , Gu Fen
Published: August 2021

Background. Symptoms (cough, dyspnea, fatigue, depression, and sleep disorder) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are related to poor quality of life (QOL). Better understanding of the symptom clusters (SCs) and sleep disorder in COPD patients could help to accelerate the development of symptom-management interventions. Objective. We aim to explore the effect of sleep disorder and symptom clusters on the QOL in patients with COPD. Methods. 223 patients with stable COPD from November 2019 to November 2020 at the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University in China were included in this cross-sectional survey. A demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire, the Revised Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (RMSAS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the St George Respiratory Questionnaire for COPD (SGRQ-C) were completed by the patients. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to extract SCs, and logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors affecting QOL. Results. Three clusters were extracted: respiratory functional cluster, emotional cluster, and fatigue-sleep cluster. 70.4% of the participants were poor sleepers. Subgroup analysis showed that COPD patients with poor sleep quality were significantly different in QOL, emotional cluster, and fatigue-sleep cluster compared with patients with normal sleep. In multiple regression, sleep quality and respiratory functional cluster were associated with QOL. Conclusion. In patients with stable COPD, three symptom clusters were explored. Symptom clusters correlate with clinical features and negatively affect QOL. Appropriate interventions are expected to inform future approaches to symptom management. Future studies are needed to test interventions that may be effective at improving the QOL of COPD patients.
Adaptive Super‐Twisting Sliding Mode Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Lu Chao , Yuan Jing
Published: August 2021

The work has developed an innovative speed loop controller for the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) system. The main advantage of the presented method lies in the fact that the boundary of the lumped disturbance is not required. Under this case, the severe chattering caused by the inappropriate choice of parameters can be avoided. Finally, the simulation and experimental consequences are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm used to control a PMSM system subject to the lumped disturbance.
Sports Training Health Analysis Algorithm Based on Heart Rhythm Feature Extraction and Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Li Jing , Lu Yunhang , Xiao Ziyi
Published: August 2021

Intelligent sports equipment and software have emerged in the field of sports as a result of the advancement of information technology, allowing professional athletes to collect and visually display the movement and physical signs of the human body to aid in the planning of sports strategies. Intuitive data, on the other hand, cannot assist ordinary people who lack professional knowledge in exercising correctly. As a result, in the field of intelligent sports and health, effective use of collected exercise and physical sign data to analyze the user’s personal physical condition and generate reasonable exercise suggestions has emerged as a research direction. In humans, the heart sound signal is a biological signal. It can help people detect and monitor heart health problems by analyzing the characteristics of heart sound signals. The goal of this paper is to use heart sound to identify and analyze athletes’ training health. It provides a revolutionary health analysis algorithm based on heart rhythm feature extraction and convolutional neural networks, which is based on exercise training. It greatly improves the accuracy of the recognition and prediction of the athlete’s training health status.
Trichloroacetic Acid Peeling for Treating Photoaging: A Systematic Review
Authors: S. Sitohang Irma Bernadette , Legiawati Lili , Suseno Lis Surachmiati , Safira Fadhila Dea
Published: August 2021

Photoaging can significantly contribute to lower quality of life. Medium-deep peeling using trichloroacetic acid allows controlled keratocoagulation through the dermis and into the dermal papillary layer that is effective for skin rejuvenation. The purpose of this article is to give updates regarding the efficacy, possible adverse events, and patient satisfaction of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peeling for skin rejuvenation by assessing various photoaging parameters. A systematic review of prospective trial articles collected from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Scopus databases was conducted on November 2, 2020. Treatment efficacy was assessed based on the photoaging parameters used by each study. Adverse events and patient satisfaction as the secondary outcome were assessed based on patients-perceived improvements. Five studies included three randomized comparison studies and two prospective cohort studies. These studies show that TCA peeling significantly improve the cosmesis of photoaged facial skin. Low concentration is effective for superficial sun damage. Medium-depth peels using a higher concentration of TCA or as combination therapy are effective as skin resurfacing agents to reduce wrinkles. Some adverse effects may occur but usually resolve within weeks. Overall patients were satisfied with the treatment result. An equivalent basic skin preparation such as topical retinoic acid skin priming prior to intervention is necessary for more objective comparison. Further research studies with a larger sample size and longer follow-up period are required. This evidence suggests that TCA peeling is effective in photoaging treatment, either as monotherapy or as combination therapy with other modalities.
Surgical Approaches to Parapharyngeal Space Tumors: An Example and Review of the Literature
Authors: Jbali Souheil , Khaldi Amira , Touati Slim , Gritli Said
Published: August 2021

Parapharyngeal space tumors (PPS) are rare. They represent less than 1% of all head and neck tumors. They are of various histologies. Pleomorphic adenomas originating from the parotid (prestylian parapharyngeal space) are the most frequent. We report the case of a 50-year-old patient treated for a pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of PPS. His initial complaints were apnea and dysphagia. The correct diagnosis was preoperatively suspected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The surgery was carried out using two approaches: transoral and cervical transparotid approaches. Definitive histology was consistent with encapsulated pleomorphic adenoma. In the present work, we reviewed clinical, radiological, and histological features of parapharyngeal space tumors. We tried to summarize the common surgical approaches. The chosen approach is, in fact, scheduled taking into account several parameters including tumor volume and purpose of the surgery.
Multiomics Differences in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients with High Radiosensitivity Index Compared with Those with Low Radiosensitivity Index
Authors: Du Yajing , Yuan Sujuan , Zhuang Xibing , Zhang Qi , Qiao Tiankui
Published: August 2021

Objectives. Radiosensitivity Index (RSI) can predict intrinsic radiotherapy sensitivity. We analyzed multiomics characteristics in lung squamous cell carcinoma between high and low RSI groups, which may help understand the underlying molecular mechanism of radiosensitivity and guide optional treatment for patients in the future. Methods. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data were used to download clinical data, mRNA, microRNA, and lncRNA expression. Differential analyses, including mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, and G.O. and KEGG, and GSVA analyses, were performed with R. Gene set enrichment analysis was done by GSEA. miRNA-differentially expressed gene network and ceRNA network were analyzed and graphed by the Cytoscape software. Results. In TCGA data, 542 patients were obtained, including 171 in the low RSI group (LRSI) and 371 in the high RSI group (HRSI). In RNAseq, 558 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. KRT6A was the most significantly upregulated gene and IDO1 was the most significantly downregulated gene. In miRNAseq, miR-1269a was the most significantly upregulated. In lncRNAseq, LINC01871 was the most upregulated. A 66-pair interaction between differentially expressed genes and miRNAs and an 11-pair interaction between differential lncRNAs and miRNAs consisted of a ceRNA network, of which miR-184 and miR-490-3p were located in the center. In the GEO data, there were 40 DEGs. A total of 17 genes were founded in both databases, such as ADAM23, AHNAK2, BST2, COL11A1, CXCL13, FBN2, IFI27, IFI44L, MAGEA6, and PTGR1. GSVA analysis revealed 31 significant pathways. GSEA found 87 gene sets enriched in HRSI and 91 gene sets in LRSI. G.O. and KEGG of RNA expression levels revealed that these genes were most enriched in T cell activation and cytokine−cytokine receptor interaction. Conclusions. Patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma have different multiomics characteristics between two groups. These differences may have an essential significance with radiotherapy effect.
Popularity‐Aware In‐Network Caching for Edge Named Data Network
Authors: Yin Jiliang , Jiang Congfeng , Mino Hidetoshi , Cérin Christophe
Published: August 2021

The traditional centralized network architecture can lead to a bandwidth bottleneck in the core network. In contrast, in the information‐centric network, decentralized in‐network caching can alleviate the traffic flow pressure from the network center to the edge. In this paper, a popularity‐aware in‐network caching policy, namely, Pop, is proposed to achieve an optimal caching of network contents in the resource‐constrained edge networks. Specifically, Pop senses content popularity and distributes content caching without adding additional hardware and traffic overhead. We conduct extensive performance evaluation experiments by using ndnSIM. The experiments showed that the Pop policy achieves 54.39% cloud service hit reduction ratio and 22.76% user request average hop reduction ratio and outperforms other policies including Leave Copy Everywhere, Leave Copy Down, Probabilistic Caching, and Random choice caching. In addition, we proposed an ideal caching policy (Ideal) as a baseline whose popularity is known in advance; the gap of Pop and Ideal in cloud service hit reduction ratio is 4.36%, and the gap in user request average hop reduction ratio is only 1.47%. More simulation results further show the accuracy of Pop in perceiving popularity of contents, and Pop has good robustness in different request scenarios.
Estimating Lane Change Duration for Overtaking in Nonlane-Based Driving Behavior by Local Linear Model Trees (LOLIMOT)
Authors: Ramezani-Khansari Ehsan , Tabibi Masoud , Moghadas Nejad Fereidoon
Published: August 2021

Lane change (LC) is one of the main maneuvers in traffic flow. Many studies have estimated LC duration directly by using lane-based data. The current research presents an estimate of LC duration for overtaking maneuver in nonlane-based traffic flow. In this paper, the LC duration is estimated implicitly by modeling lateral speed and applying the length of required lateral movement to complete the LC maneuver. In lateral speed modeling, the local linear model tree is applied which consists of three variables: the initial lateral distance, longitudinal speed, and time to collision (TTC), which itself is a function of the relative speed of follower and the distance between the two vehicles. The initial lateral distance is the relative transverse distance from which the following vehicle initializes the LC. The range of lateral speed was estimated between 0.5 and 5 km/h, which resulted in the LC duration between 2.5 and 24 sec. The results indicate that the lateral and longitudinal speed would be inversely related, while the lateral speed and the initial transverse distance as well as TTC would be directly related. The findings also indicate that TTC can be assumed as the most important factor affecting lateral speed. TTC at 8 sec can be considered as the threshold for its effect on the LC duration since at longer TTCs, and the lateral speed has remained almost constant. When TTC is longer than 8 sec, it would not affect the LC duration.
IoT Cloud‐Based Framework for Face Spoofing Detection with Deep Multicolor Feature Learning Model
Authors: Einy Sajad , Oz Cemil , Navaei Yahya Dorostkar
Published: August 2021

A face‐based authentication system has become an important topic in various fields of IoT applications such as identity validation for social care, crime detection, ATM access, computer security, etc. However, these authentication systems are vulnerable to different attacks. Presentation attacks have become a clear threat for facial biometric‐based authentication and security applications. To address this issue, we proposed a deep learning approach for face spoofing detection systems in IoT cloud‐based environment. The deep learning approach extracted features from multicolor space to obtain more information from the input face image regarding luminance and chrominance data. These features are combined and selected by the Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR) algorithm to provide an efficient and discriminate feature set. Finally, the extracted deep color‐based features of the face image are used for face spoofing detection in a cloud environment. The proposed method achieves stable results with less training data compared to conventional deep learning methods. This advantage of the proposed approach reduces the time of processing in the training phase and optimizes resource management in storing training data on the cloud. The proposed system was tested and evaluated based on two challenging public access face spoofing databases, namely, Replay‐Attack and ROSE‐Youtu. The experimental results based on these databases showed that the proposed method achieved satisfactory results compared to the state‐of‐the‐art methods based on an equal error rate (EER) of 0.2% and 3.8%, respectively, for the Replay‐Attack and ROSE‐Youtu databases.