bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A case of pulmonary artery tumor easily confused with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Li Xiaoliang , Yue Honghua , Liang Weitao , Wu Zhong
Published: February 2024

Background
We present a case of pulmonary artery tumor easily confused with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; a treatment previously unreported for such cases.
Case presentation
A 58-year-old woman was admitted to emergency because of severe heart fatigue and shortness of breath. Echocardiography suggested widening of pulmonary arteries and pulmonary hypertension. She underwent a contrast-enhanced CT scan of the chest, which revealed a filling defect in the left pulmonary artery suspected pulmonary embolism. We performed a mid-thoracic operation under extracorporeal circulation. The left pulmonary artery was cut open, and a tumor-like crystal ball located in the main trunk of the left pulmonary artery, which connected to the wall of the pulmonary artery. The tumor was elliptical, very regular, approximately 2x1.5 cm in size, and had a pedicle connected to the wall of the pulmonary artery. We removed the entire tumor completely, and then we performed a detailed pathological examination, which indicates that the tumor was angiomatous fibrous histocytotoma (AFH).
Conclusions AFH is a rare intermediate soft tissue tumor whose diagnosis depends on morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular pathology. The treatment is mainly complete surgical resection, and long-term follow-up is required after surgery.
Environments and health in youth with chronic diseases: creating novel insights from bigdata and artificial intelligence
Authors: Scheper Mark , Muilwijk Lotte , Hoeks Sanne , Velzen Mark van , de Graaf-Waar Helen , Meeteren Nico van , Voogt Lennard , Staa Anneloes van
Published: February 2024

Chronic conditions and multi-morbidity affect 50 million individuals within Europe and are the leading causes of disablement and death. Obesity, inactivity, chronic pain/fatigue and mental health issues are reported in 25–85% of all people with a chronic disease, irrespective of the pathological mechanism. The prevalence of comorbidity increases with age; still, in Europe, 25% of young people are affected by one or more chronic conditions. These youngsters are less likely to reach their full intellectual potential, have uncertain future perspectives, and frequently experience social exclusion. The underlying causes for the development or persistence of these comorbidities involves a myriad of complex mechanisms that are not solely disease specific but often individualized in personal and environmental factors. This complexity is challenging for health professionals and there’s a need for developing early detection tools. For this study 250 community-dwelling youth with one or more chronic conditions for over a year. Data was collected via electronic survey and combined with public data on living conditions. Machine learning RF-models were used to create risk-profiles for mental health issues, chronic fatigue, and severe disability based on 31 features. Risk profiling through RF-modelling showed adequate performance metrics, discriminating between youth who developed mental health issues, chronic fatigue, and severe disability and those who did not (ROC-AUC:.81-.86). Somatic symptoms, pain-related coping, and living environment were found to be the most contributing features to the RF-models (LIME Relative FI:7.0-24.6%). Data-supported clinical decision making can aid in identifying youth at risk for disabling comorbidities, even in non-specialized settings.
Causal relationship between COVID-19 and the risk of asthma: A Mendelian Randomisation study
Authors: Chen Xingxuan , Li Lijuan , Shi Si , Chen Hong
Published: February 2024

Background
Existing research has focused on new-onset asthma and viral infections, particularly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). However, studies on whether COVID-19 can induce asthma are limited.
Methods
We performed bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) to assess the potential causal relationship between COVID-19 and asthma using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data obtained from the COVID-19 Host Genetic Initiative GWAS Meta-analysis Round 5 (release date: 18 January 2021). Several methods (random-effects inverse variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger regression, and MR-PRESSO) were used to ensure the robustness of the causal effects. Heterogeneity was measured using Cochran's Q value. Horizontal pleiotropy was evaluated using MR-Egger regression and leave-one-out analyses.
Results
We observed a significant causal association between COVID-19 hospitalisation and asthma (odds ratio (OR) = 1.042, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.004–1.081, p = 0.031), indicating a significantly increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation associated with asthma. However, no statistically significant causal relationships were observed for COVID-19 susceptibility (OR = 1.023, 95% CI = 0.931–1.124, p = 0.637), COVID-19 severity (OR = 1.006, 95% CI = 0.978–1.035, p = 0.669), and asthma.
Conclusions
COVID-19 can trigger the onset of asthma. Individuals experiencing prolonged coughing, chest tightness, or difficulty in breathing long after recovery from COVID-19 should remain vigilant about the possibility of developing asthma.
Uplift-induced marine regression due to the January 1, 2024, earthquake, Noto Peninsula, central Japan
Authors: Tsunetaka Haruka , Murakami Wataru , Daimaru Hiromu
Published: February 2024

Large earthquakes instantaneously may reshape coastal landforms due to fault zone ruptures that uplift the Earth’s surface. On January 1, 2024, in the northern part of the Noto Peninsula, central Japan, an Mj7.6 (Mw7.5) earthquake occurred that triggered up to ≈ 4 m uplift. To measure the associated marine regression, orthophotos taken before and after the earthquake were analyzed, focusing on two bays on the northwestern Noto Peninsula where the largest uplift occurred. In response to the uplift, the shoreline retreated seaward (i.e., marine regression) by up to ≈ 200 m. The total area of the coastal plains increased by ≈ 0.46 km2; thus, all fishing ports in the bays dried up and were unable to function. The maximum shoreline extension occurred in the midsections of the two bays; however, shoreline extension at the edges of the bays was < 20 m, which possibly reflects the shoreface topography and sea depth before the uplift. The earthquake-induced uplift of the previously undersea rocks formed new coastal plains, which extended the total length of the rivers. Consequently, sandy beaches at two river mouths were no longer available as shoreline sediment sinks. Because of this, coastal landforms may need a long time to regain stable topographies after earthquakes.
Five new species of Pseudosperma (Inocybaceae, Agaricales) from Benin and Turkey based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic evidence
Authors: Kaygusuz Oğuzhan , BANDINI Ditte , RÜHL Adrian , SARAWI Sepas , YOROU Nourou S. , PIEPENBRING Meike
Published: February 2024

Species of Pseudosperma (Inocybaceae) are widely distributed from temperate to tropical regions. In this study, we describe and illustrate five new species of Pseudosperma: P. beninense, P. cremeo-ochraceum, P. squarrosofulvum, P. stramineum, and P. tiliae, based on comprehensive analyses of morphological and molecular data derived from specimens collected in Benin (West Africa) and Turkey (Western Eurasia). These new species have been found in forests with Isoberlinia spp. and other ectomycorrhizal tree species in Benin and in association with Tilia platyphyllos in Turkey. The phylogenetic relationships of the new species were inferred through analyses of nuclear rDNA sequences, encompassing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and 28S rDNA regions. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that P. beninense, P. cremeo-ochraceum, P. squarrosofulvum, and P. stramineum from Benin cluster with species from Australia, China, and India within a clade formed exclusively by species known from the palaeotropics and Australia, whereas P. tiliae from Turkey clustered with P. mediterraneum from Italy. Detailed descriptions are provided, supplemented by illustrations and line drawings of key micromorphological features. In addition, a comparative analysis with morphologically similar and phylogenetically closely related species is presented and discussed in detail.
DNA methylation analysis using RUNX1-mutated cells reveals association of FLI1 to familial platelet disorder with associated myeloid malignancies caused by a mutation in the transactivation domain of RUNX1
Authors: Tanaka Yuki , Nakada Ken-ichi , Maruyama Rino , Suzuki Harukazu , Suzuki Takahiro
Published: February 2024

Background
Familial platelet disorder with associated myeloid malignancies (FPDMM) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by heterozygous germline mutations in RUNX1. It is characterized by thrombocytopenia with platelet dysfunction and a high risk of hematological malignancy development. Although FPDMM is a precursor condition for diseases involving abnormal DNA methylation, such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the DNA methylation status of FPDMM remains unknown due to a lack of animal models and difficulty in obtaining patient-derived samples.
Results
Using genome editing techniques, we established two lines of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with different FPDMM-mimicking heterozygous RUNX1 mutations. The established FPDMM-mimicking iPSCs showed defective differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and megakaryocytes (Mks), consistent with FPDMM. HPCs differentiated from FPDMM-mimicking iPSCs showed DNA methylation patterns distinct from those of wild-type HPCs. Binding motif-enrichment analysis showed the enrichment of ETS transcription factor (TF) motifs in hypermethylated regions, in contrast to the RUNX1 motif. We found that the expression of FLI1, an ETS family member, was significantly downregulated in FPDMM-mimicking HPCs with a mutation in the transactivation domain (TAD) of RUNX1. We demonstrated that FLI1 promoted binding-site-directed DNA demethylation, and that overexpression of FLI1 in FPDMM-mimicking HPC lines with a RUNX1 TAD mutation restored their Mk differentiation efficiency and hypermethylation status.
Conclusion
These results suggested that FLI1 is a putative causative TF responsible for differential DNA methylation and defective Mk differentiation in FPDMM-mimicking HPCs in the presence of a mutation in the TAD of RUNX1. Thus, this study provided insights into a part of pathogenesis of FPDMM.
Triple blinded split mouth clinical trial after single visit root canal treatment to Compare Post-operative pain subsequent to different apical finishing sizes
Authors: Kataia Mohamed , Kataia Engy , Khalil Hala , seoud Mohammed Abou el
Published: February 2024

Background This is a triple-blinded, prospective split-mouth clinical trial. It is important to shed light on the effect of different apical preparation sizes regarding postoperative pain within the same patient with the same pulpal histological status. The aim is to compare and evaluate the severity of postoperative pain following apical enlargement with two different sizes after the IBF using the visual analogue scale.
Methods Fifty sides in twenty-five patients were assigned into two equal groups (25 per group) using E3 Azure rotary files; Group A was prepared two sizes greater than the IBF mesial canals, which were enlarged to 30#/.04 and 40#/.04 for the distal canals. Group B was prepared in three sizes larger than the IBF: 35#/.04 for mesial canals and 45#/.04 for the distal canals. On a VAS form, patients were questioned to indicate the degree of their pain and assisted in narrating their pain intensity during the following periods: 12, 24, and 72 hours, and after a week, also recorded by a second blinded clinician. VAS data were non-parametric and analyzed using the signed rank test for intergroup comparisons, Freidman's test, and the Nemenyi post hoc test for intragroup comparisons.
Results showed that regardless of measurement time, enlargement of apical preparation was significantly associated with higher pain scores (p<0.001). Within both groups, there was a significant reduction of measured pain score with time, with values measured after 12 and 24 hours being significantly higher than values measured at other intervals (p<0.001) and with values measured after three days being significantly higher than 1-week value (p<0.001).
Conclusion There is a relationship between postoperative pain and the size of the preparation.
Trial registration number & date: NCT05847738, 08/05/2023.
Pros and Cons in The Delivery of Doxorubicin Using Renal-clearable Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Lang , Qiao Shanshan , Sun Meiyu , Mao Yusheng , Huang Hai , Wang Yemei , Sun Shasha , Chai Xianzhi , Tang Shaoheng , Gong Aihua
Published: February 2024

Renal-clearable drug delivery systems (DDSs) offer significant advantages compared to conventional non-renal-clearable DDSs due to their reduced toxicity and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. However, despite the development of renal-clearable DDSs in the past decade, deeper understanding of how the biological barriers, especially the intracellular barriers affect their therapeutic efficiency remain poorly explored. Herein, the antitumor efficiency and the intracellular behavior of renal-clearable Au-DOX which use renal-clearable gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as delivery vectors for doxorubicin (DOX) were systematically investigated. The results revealed that although the toxicity of Au-DOX was significantly lower than that of free DOX due to efficient elimination of off-target DOX through renal clearance, the altered cellular uptake pathway compromised the antitumor efficacy of Au-DOX. Most Au-DOX was endocytosed and sequestered within lysosomes, preventing it from diffusing into nucleus to elicit therapeutic effect. Our results indicate that the lysosomal barrier induced ineffective intracellular delivery would counteract the therapeutic efficacy of renal-clearable DDSs and highlight the role of overcoming intracellular barriers when designing DDSs.
Quality of Life Assessment Among Ethnically Diverse Black Prostate Cancer Survivors: A Constructivist Grounded Theory Approach
Authors: Ogunsanya Motolani , Kaninjing Ernie , Ellis Tanara , Bamidele Olufikayo , Morton Daniel , McIntosh Andrew , Dickey Sabrina , Kendzor Darla , Dwyer Kathleen , Young Mary Ellen , Odedina Folakemi
Published: February 2024

Purpose: Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most common cancer in Black men (BM), and the number of Black CaP survivors is rapidly increasing. Although Black immigrants are among the fastest-growing and most heterogeneous ethnic groups in the US, limited data exist regarding their CaP experiences. Therefore, this study aimed to explore and model the experiences of ethnically diverse Black men with CaP.
Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 34 participants: Native-born BM (NBBM) (n=17), African-born BM (ABBM) (n=11), and Caribbean-born BM (CBBM) (n=6) CaP survivors recruited through QR-code embedded flyers posted in Black businesses, clinics, social media platforms, and existing research networks within the US. Guided by Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory methodology, the interviews were analyzed using constant comparison following key stages of initial, focused, and theoretical coding using Atlas.ti v23.
Results: Participants were thirty-four men aged 49-84 years (mean±SD, 66±8). Most were married (77%), likely to be diagnosed at Stage I (35%), and treated with radiotherapy (56%). Our study findings explored the complex trajectory of Black prostate cancer (CaP) survivors, unveiling a comprehensive model termed "Journeying through Unfamiliar Terrain." Comprising three phases and 11 sub-phases, this model uniquely captures the pre-diagnosis awareness and post-treatment adaptation among survivors.
Conclusion: The resulting theoretical model delineates the entire CaP survivorship process among BM, providing contextual and conceptual understanding for developing interventions and enhancing patient-centered care for ethnically diverse CaP survivors, pivotal in bridging the gaps in survivorship research and healthcare practices.
The role of TyG index as a predictor of all-cause mortality in hospitalized patients with acute pancreatitis:a retrospective study utilizing the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Liao Jian , Lu Dingyu , Xie Hong , Wang Maojuan
Published: February 2024

Background The TyG index is widely recognized as a reliable indicator for cardiovascular disease risk and as a biomarker for assessing insulin resistance(IR). However, its significance in the context of patients with acute pancreatitis(AP) needs further exploration.This study aimed to investigate the association between the TyG index and the risk of all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with AP. Methods Data for this retrospective study were obtained from the MIMIC IV2.2 database. The participants were divided into four groups based on the TyG index tertiles. The primary outcome measured was in-hospital all-cause mortality.We employed Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and restricted cubic splines to evaluate the correlation between the TyG index and clinical outcomes in patients with AP. Results The study included 586 patients, of which 44.71% were male. The rates of mortality observed in the hospital stay and in the ICU stay were 19.28% and 12.97%. By conducting multivariable Cox proportional hazards, it was determined that the TyG index was independently associated with a heightened risk of in-hospital mortality [HR(95%CI) of 1.38(1.03–1.87,P = 0.033)] and in ICU mortality[1.65༈1.12–2.44),P = 0.012].The analysis using restricted cubic splines showed that there was a consistent and gradually increasing risk of all-cause mortality as the TyG index increased. This indicates that a higher TyG index is associated with a higher risk of mortality. Conclusion In critically ill patients with AP, the TyG index shows a notable correlation with all-cause death in both hospital and ICU.The TyG index can be useful in identifying insulin resistance at an early stage in patients with AP, thereby improving risk assessment and guiding subsequent interventions.
The interplay between patients with diabetic foot ulcer and healthcare professionals in a cross-sectorial setting addressing treatment and care; A realistic evaluation.
Authors: Søndergaard Susanne Friis , Christensen Jørn Fryd , Dahl Marie , Drejer Milica , Høgh Annette
Published: February 2024

BackgroundDiabetes-related lower-extremity complications like diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a global disability burden. Thus, treatment and care for patients with DFU call for a multi-sectoral approach, incorporating interdisciplinary care pathways. We aimed to explore the interplay between patients with DFU and healthcare professionals in cross-sectorial settings addressing treatment and care.MethodThe study was designed as a realistic evaluation. Data was generated from September 2022 to marts 2023, drawing on approximately 60 hours of participant observation of 14 patients in their homes and at their outpatient clinic visits in Denmark. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) was applied in the paper.ResultsWe identified three illuminating cumulations describing the interplay between the patients with DFU and healthcare professionals in the cross-sectorial setting: 1) Humor is a relationship-enhancing element between nurse and patient. 2) Support of the patient's coping strategies promotes patient-centeredness and collaboration. 3) Patients and professionals occupy unnegotiated identity roles.ConclusionIn conclusion, this study provided insight into how the interplay between the patient and the healthcare professionals encourages the healthcare professionals’ agenda to promote health literacy and health promotion. The patient's and professionals' unnegotiated identity roles challenge collaboration, patient health literacy, and health promotion.
Missed opportunities for Hepatitis B virus testing among third-trimester women at Lira Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Biryande William , Kasujja Musa , Hakizimana Theoneste , Okello Maxwell , Baluku Asanairi , Byonanuwe Simon , Chebet Joan , Ramirez Fernando Perez
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant public health concern, particularly among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the availability of effective screening methods, missed opportunities for HBV testing during pregnancy persist, leading to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of missed opportunities for HBV testing among third-trimester women at Lira Regional Referral Hospital (LRRH) in Uganda.
Methods
A cross-sectional study involving third-trimester women receiving antenatal care (ANC) was conducted at LRRH between August and October 2023. The data were collected using structured questionnaires, and statistical analysis was performed to determine the prevalence of missed opportunities for HBV testing. Ethical approval was obtained from the Bishop Stuart University Research Ethics Committee, and informed consent was obtained from all participants.
Results
Among the participants, 90% experienced missed opportunities for HBV testing during their ANC visits. Rural residence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.961–9.101, p = 0.049), nonattendance of ANC (AOR 4.2, 95% CI 1.887–5.542, p = 0.018), and age above 30 years (AOR 0.3, 95% CI 0.104–0.675, p = 0.005) were significantly associated with missed testing. The seropositivity rate among pregnant women who missed testing was 12.4%. These findings underscore the influence of sociodemographic factors and healthcare-seeking behaviors on HBV testing uptake during pregnancy.
Conclusion
This study revealed a concerning prevalence of missed opportunities for HBV testing (90%) among third-trimester women receiving ANC at LRRH in Uganda, indicating a significant deficiency in HBV screening program implementation within this setting. The key contributing factors included rural residence, nonattendance of ANC, and younger age, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted interventions to overcome barriers to accessing and utilizing HBV testing, particularly among rural and younger pregnant women. Additionally, the increase in the seropositivity rate among pregnant women who missed testing (12.4%) underscores the potential risk of undiagnosed HBV infections, highlighting the importance of addressing missed opportunities for screening to mitigate vertical transmission and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Integrating Multimodal Information and Advanced Machine Learning Algorithms for Function Assessment and Rehabilitation Prediction in Patients after Cerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Liu Xuemin , He Yu , Wang Ziliang , Huang Mengdi , Liang Zihui , Xia Shenglin , Yuan Xiangnan , Zhou Fenghua , Liu Xueyong
Published: February 2024

Background
The recovery process for patients post-cerebral hemorrhage is influenced by various factors. Crucially, multimodal information, including results from rehabilitation function assessments, imaging examinations, and laboratory tests, is essential for evaluating motor function and predicting the rehabilitation outcome in these patients.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted, utilizing data from 315 and 424 patients with post-cerebral hemorrhage. The training set comprised rehabilitation function assessment results, imaging examination data, and laboratory test results, used to establish models for evaluating motor function and predicting rehabilitation outcomes. Clinical characteristics of patients underwent single-factor and multi-factor logistic regression analyses, exploring influencing factors during the recovery process after cerebral hemorrhage. Head CT scans of patients underwent pre-processing, extracting radiomic features for predicting motor function when combined with functional assessment results. Moreover, a GBDT gradient boosting tree model was constructed based on patients' multimodal clinical information and compared with other machine learning models to evaluate rehabilitation outcomes. Separate models for predicting motor function and evaluating rehabilitation were established for patients with cerebral hemorrhage using selected radiomic and clinical features, and the performance of each model was individually assessed.
Results
Following extensive training and validation with a substantial patient records dataset, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis reveals the excellent performance of the motor function prediction model we developed for patients post-cerebral hemorrhage. In both five-fold and ten-fold cross-validation, the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) algorithm demonstrates superior performance in the post-cerebral hemorrhage rehabilitation assessment compared to other machine learning algorithms. Multifactor analysis indicates that, in predicting motor function after cerebral hemorrhage, factors such as albumin, neutrophil count and percentage, triglycerides, coagulation time, and urea are significant. In rehabilitation assessment, meaningful factors include the age of onset, admission modified Barthel Index (mBI) score, and the initiation of rehabilitation.
Conclusion
Our study integrates multimodal information and advanced machine learning algorithms, providing a solution for assessing function and predicting rehabilitation in patients after cerebral hemorrhage. The established models hold the potential to provide decision support for clinicians in clinical practice, promoting the realization of personalized rehabilitation treatment.
Improvement of Corrosion Resistance of Low Carbon Steels by Surface Modification
Authors: Abobakr Sohier , Bastweesy A. M. , Hassan A. Y.
Published: February 2024

This research aims to investigate the corrosion resistance of surface layers of pack chromizing, titanizing, and chromtitanize low-carbon steel in a chloride-containing environment at room temperature. The parameters affecting the diffused coat, such as the coating time, coating temperature, and the effect of pack compositions, were also studied. Tests are performed to measure wet corrosion behavior using the Potentiodynamic polarization corrosion test. The microstructures and elemental analysis using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) attached to an EDX unit were obtained. Phase analysis is determined using EDX. X-ray diffraction examination indicated that in the chromizing, titanizing, and chromotitanizing processes at different coating times and temperatures of 900°C, 1000°C, and 1100°C. The outer layer is composed basically of Cr,Ti, Cr1.9Ti, FeTi, Al2O3, Cr2O3, TiO2, Cr1.36Fe0.52, (Ti0.86)3.58, and Ti0.86 phases in addition to the elemental iron. The thickness of the coating increases with the increase of the deposition time. The coating is composed of a thick outer layer and a thin inner layer. The formation of the coating depends on the inward diffusion of Cr and Ti atoms and the outward diffusion of Fe atoms. The linear polarization examination showed that the corrosion resistance of steel is enhanced by coating it in a 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution at room temperature. Potentiodynamic polarization examination showed a lower corrosion rate of the coated specimens than the uncoated ones, and the coated specimens exhibit nobler behavior than the uncoated ones in a 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution at room temperature. The corrosion resistance of the coating is proportional to the deposition time and temperature.
Immune response to the recombinant herpes zoster vaccine in people living with HIV over 50 years of age compared to non-HIV age-/gender-matched controls (SHINGR’HIV): a multicenter, international, non-randomized clinical trial study protocol
Authors: Hentzien Maxime , Bonnet Fabrice , Bernasconi Enos , Biver Emmanuel , Braun Dominique L , Munting Aline , Leuzinger Karoline , Leleux Olivier , Musardo Stefano , Prendki Virginie , Schmid Patrick , Staehelin Cornelia , Stoeckle Marcel , Walti Carla S , Wittkop Linda , Appay Victor , Didierlaurent Arnaud M , Calmy Alexandra
Published: February 2024

Background: The burden of herpes zoster (shingles) virus and associated complications, such as post-herpetic neuralgia, is higher in older adults and has a significant impact on quality of life. The incidence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia is increased in people living with HIV (PLWH) compared to an age-matched general population, including PLWH on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) with no detectable viremia and normal CD4 counts. PLWH – even on effective ART may- exhibit sustained immune dysfunction, as well as defects in cells involved in the response to vaccines. In the context of herpes zoster, it is therefore important to assess the immune response to varicella zoster virus vaccination in older PLWH and to determine whether it significantly differs to that of HIV-uninfected healthy adults or younger PLWH. We aim at bridging these knowledge gaps by conducting a multicentric, international, non-randomised clinical study (SHINGR’HIV) with prospective data collection after vaccination with an adjuvant recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) in two distinct populations: in PLWH on long-term ART (>10 years) over 50 years of and age/gender matched controls
Methods: We will recruit participants from two large established HIV cohorts in Switzerland and in France in addition to age-/gender-matched HIV-uninfected controls. Participants will receive two doses of RZV two months apart. In depth-evaluation of the humoral, cellular, and innate immune responses and safety profile of the RZV will be performed to address the combined effect of aging and potential immune deficiencies due to chronic HIV infection. The primary study outcome will compare the geometric mean titer of gE-specific total IgG measured 1 month after the second dose of RZV between different age groups of PLWH and between PLWH and age-/gender-matched HIV-uninfected controls.
Discussion: The SHINGR’HIV trial will provide robust data on the immunogenicity and safety profile of RZV in older PLWH to support vaccination guidelines in this population.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05575830. Registered on 12 October 2022. Eu Clinical Trial Register (EUCT number 2023-504482-23-00)
Medical Students' Competency in EFAST Components: a prospective observational study
Authors: Farooq Munawar , CEVIK Arif Alper , ALAO David O , PEDO Virgie G , ABU-ZIDAN Fikri M.
Published: February 2024

Background
Ultrasound training in undergraduate medical education is developing, and its incorporation in the curriculum requires careful planning. Extended Focused Assessment Sonography for Trauma (EFAST) is commonly taught to medical students as one of the primary applications of ultrasound. Because false negative EFAST scans can affect patient clinical outcomes, it is essential to evaluate the individual components of this skill. We aim to determine which suboptimal EFAST components students perform after initial training.
Methods
In this prospective observational study, 90 medical students from two final-year cohorts were assessed in EFAST components after uniform training during the emergency medicine clerkship. All validated components of the standard EFAST exam were assessed. Descriptive analysis in individual components of EFAST was performed.
Results
The hepatorenal space, splenorenal space, and pelvic space fluid investigations had the lowest completion rates. Pericardial fluid, pelvic free fluid, and right thoracic pleural fluid investigations were most often incorrectly applied. Fanning was most commonly missed in hepatorenal, splenorenal, and pelvic free fluid investigations. Between 12% and 50% of EFAST components had omitted reporting.
Conclusions
There were significant numbers of incomplete assessments for free intraperitoneal fluid, mostly due to a lack of fanning in the hepatorenal, splenorenal, and pelvic areas. By targeting these challenging areas, trainers can effectively enhance student performance and outcomes. Further research might reveal whether residents and physicians show similar trends in EFAST completion.
Comparison of Numerical Methods for Geometric Warpage Compensation
Authors: Tillmann Steffen , Basermann Stefan , Elgeti Stefanie
Published: February 2024

In injection molding processes, shrinkage and warpage often cause deviations in the shape of produced parts compared to the cavity shape. These deviations arise due to uneven cooling and internal stresses within the part. One approach to mitigate these effects is by adjusting the cavity shape to anticipate the deformation. This can be achieved by simulating the expected deformation using suitable models, which then inform the optimization of the cavity shape for injection molded parts with minimal deformation. \\In this study, we evaluate various numerical algorithms from existing literature to identify the optimal cavity shape. Each method is briefly outlined regarding how it adapts the geometry, and we discuss their respective strengths and weaknesses for different scenarios. We conduct comparisons using 3D geometries of varying complexity. Our findings demonstrate that, for geometric warpage compensation, the node-based reverse geometry method yields the least warpage and is computationally cost-effective. Furthermore, it is straightforward to implement and consistently performs well across different geometries.
Association of Preoperative Sarcopenia With the Long-term Prognosis of Patients With Bladder Cancer Undergoing Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Lee Sangmin , Yoon Youngjoon , Suh Jungyo , You Dalsan , Hong Bumsik , Hong Jun Hyuk , Ahn Hanjong , Jeong In Gab , Lim Bumjin
Published: February 2024

Purpose
This retrospective study aimed to assess the correlation between preoperative sarcopenia and long-term oncologic outcomes in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.
Methods
We included 528 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer between 2000 and 2010 at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. Preoperative skeletal muscle mass was quantified by analyzing computed tomography images at the third lumbar vertebra. Sarcopenia was defined based on the skeletal muscle index. We evaluated various clinical and pathological factors to analyze the association between sarcopenia and long-term oncologic outcomes.
Results
The median follow-up time was 104 months. Sarcopenia was identified in 37.9% of the patients. Although no significant differences were observed in traditional pathological factors between the sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic groups, sarcopenia was significantly associated with worse oncologic outcomes. Compared to the non-sarcopenic groups, the sarcopenic group had lower overall survival rates (52.0% vs. 67.1% at 5 years, 35.5% vs. 52.7% at 10 years) and higher cancer-specific mortality (63.3% vs. 74.3% at 5 years, 50.7% vs. 67.4% at 10 years). Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that sarcopenia was an independent predictor of cancer-specific survival (hazard ratio: 1.49, 95% confidence interval: 1.11–2.01, p = 0.008), alongside body mass index, tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and lymphovascular invasion.
Conclusion
Sarcopenia was significantly associated with poor cancer-specific survival in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Detecting sarcopenia may assist in preoperative risk stratification and long-term management after radical cystectomy.
Gender Classification Using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
Authors: Cherukuri Vyshnavi , Nookala SaiHomitha , Balabhadra Vasavi , Mareedu Bhavana , Bulla Suneetha
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate an innovative convolutional neural network (also known as CNN) methodology for real-time categorization of gender via face photos. The suggested CNN architecture boasts much reduced computational complexity than the current methodologies used in pattern recognition applications. By combining convolutional and subsampling layers, the overall processing layer count is minimised to four. Notably, using cross-correlation versus standard convolution tends to alleviate computing strain. The association is programmed using extended worldwide acquisition frequencies and a second-order backpropagation learning algorithmic framework. The demonstrated CNN approach has been examined using two freely downloadable facial statistics, SUMS and AT&T, with classification accuracies of 99.38% and 98.75%, respectively. Furthermore, the neural network's algorithm demonstrates exceptional efficiency by analysing and categorising a 32 by 32-pixel face picture in just 0.27 milliseconds, resulting in an outstanding consumption of over 3700 images per second. The successful performance of the proposed CNN methodology is further demonstrated by its speedy convergence throughout the training process, which requires less than 20 epochs. The results were produced to showcase the suggested CNN's outstanding accuracy in accurately categorising data, launching it as a realistic and effective real-time identification of the gender system.
Volume-adaptive SPH simulation of structural damage subjected to underwater contact explosion
Authors: DONG XIANGWEI , Feng Long
Published: February 2024

Underwater explosions can generate substantial dynamic loads, leading to damage or failure of solid structures such as submarine pipelines. This process involves the interaction of high-pressure explosion products, water, and solid structures, characterized by transience, multi-phase interaction, and large deformations. In this study, a Lagrange mesh-free method called Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is employed to establish a fluid-solid interaction (FSI) model for underwater contact explosions. The SPH discrete equations of governing equations of continuum media including fluid and solid are constructed as anti-symmetric forms based on the particle approximation technique and kernel gradient correction scheme. The equation of state is presented to describe the material response in strong interactions for the explosive, water, and solid, respectively. To simulate solid plasticity, the Johnson-Cook constitutive models are integrated into the SPH procedure to capture the behavior of large deformation and damage of metal structures. To address the issue of drastic changes in particle spacing caused by suddenly expanding gas, a modified particle regeneration technique (M-PRT) is proposed to refresh SPH particles in the gas domain according to the volume change rate. The first-order Moving Least Squares (MLS) approach is used to update the variables of refreshed particles, thus the linear variation of field variables is reproduced. The accuracy of the model is verified through several examples, including free-field underwater explosions, near-wall underwater explosions, and underwater contact explosions.
Evaluating Frontoparietal Network Topography for Diagnostic Markers of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Rogers Bayard
Published: February 2024

Numerous prospective biomarkers are being studied for their ability to diagnose various stages of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). High-density electroencephalogram (EEG) methods show promise as an accurate, economical, non-invasive approach to measuring the electrical potentials of brains associated with AD. These event-related potentials (ERPs) may serve as clinically useful biomarkers of AD. Through analysis of secondary data, the present study examined the performance and distribution of N4/P6 ERPs across the frontoparietal network (FPN) using EEG topographic mapping. ERP measures and memory as a function of reaction time (RT) were compared between a group of (N = 63) mild untreated AD patients and a control group of (N = 73) healthy age-matched adults. A concurrent cross-modal associative memory test and 128-channel high-density EEG facilitated data collection. By targeting select frontal and parietal EEG reference channels based on N4/P6 component time windows and positivity; our findings demonstrate statistically significant group variations between controls and patients in N4/P6 peak amplitudes and latencies during cross-modal testing, though there was no interaction effect. Our results also support that the N4 ERP might be stronger than its P6 counterpart as a possible candidate biomarker. We conclude by visually mapping FPN integration existent in healthy controls, yet absent in AD patients during cross-modal memory tasks. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed, as are foundations for future research in exploring processes and strategies that lead to identifying clinically useful biomarkers for the detection and treatment of AD.
Electrochemical Deposition of Colored Ni/Cu2O Bilayer Films on Large Area Plastic Substrates for Decorative Applications
Authors: Can Suleyman , Colak Alime , Balci Huseyin , Kuru Cihan
Published: February 2024

In this study, colored Ni/Cu2O bilayer films were electrochemically deposited on large area automobile plastic parts (7x13 cm) for decorative applications. Such coatings may become an alternative to ubiquitously used Cr coatings for plastics. Purple, dark cyan and gold colors with good homogeneity and high brightness could be produced by tuning the deposition time of the Cu2O layer. Coloration of the bilayer film can be ascribed to interference of light through the metal/dielectric layer, where the thickness of the dielectric layer controls the wavelength of the reflected light. Cu2O film has a compact structure and low roughness, which is essential to obtain uniform colors. Moreover, the Ni/Cu2O bilayer film passed the cross cut adhesion test performed according to ISO 2409 standard. This process is industrially viable and enables the large scale production of such decorative coatings.
Strain-based approach to characterize mode I crack propagation in Norway Spruce directly from optical data
Authors: Kunecký Jiří , Hataj Martin , Jochman Jan , Pošta Jan , Kloiber Michal , Sebera Václav
Published: February 2024

The paper focuses on assessment and utilization of strain-based criterion obtained using the digital image correlation in characterization of fracture behavior of Norway spruce wood. The study employed a single-edge notched beam loaded in three-point bending (SEN-TPB) to examine mode I at three anatomical directions of crack propagation (radial, tangential, tangential-radial - R, T and TR). The criterion is evaluated at the maximal load (Fmax), where the compliance-based beam method (CBBM) provides critical strain energy (Gc), which ensures the proper criteria representing equivalent crack length growth is described. The novel approach also enables one to determine the fracture process zone (FPZ) length using an algorithm which finds the onset of the nonlinear region. Uniqueness of the approach lies in processing a big set of optical data and simultaneous tracking of crack length on both sides of medium-size specimens. Results indicate that crack length is dependent on the anatomical direction, for instance in T direction the criterion ε1crit is 2.5e-3 producing crack length equal to ac =23.9 mm, whilst in R direction, the ε1crit is least and equals 1.3e-3 producing crack length of 22.1 mm. The highest ε1crit is attained in TR (on average ε1crit = 3.4e-3) and distance from the place where the crack started is 19.4 mm. Size of the non-linear region here attributed to FPZ length reaches the value of 38.4 mm in T, 30.1 mm in R and 36.3 mm in TR directions, respectively. The study presents a novel approach in characterization of fracture properties by coupling optical and energetical data and may find its usage in evaluation of other fracture modes.
Incorporating movement behavior into connectivity assessments
Authors: Schumaker Nathan H.
Published: February 2024

Context
The number of publications that evaluate or utilize landscape connectivity has grown dramatically in recent years. In contrast, the biological realism and defensibility of common connectivity assessments has advanced slowly.
Objectives
I introduce a flexible methodology for evaluating landscape connectivity that accounts for potentially complex movement behavior and nuanced species-landscape interactions.
Methods
Making use of a forested landscape map, I develop the concepts and mechanics behind my connectivity assessment tools. I then describe a case study involving the Fender’s blue butterfly, and utilize this example to demonstrate the character and utility of my methods.
Results
My methods are able to identify clusters of connected resource patches, quantify and visualize movement rates between these patches, and identify connectivity-related opportunities and vulnerabilities. My results include an emergent dispersal kernel that captures the influence of movement behavior on connectivity.
Conclusions
The methods I introduce are capable of generating detailed yet practical connectivity analyses that can incorporate considerable biological and behavioral realism. My approach is straightforward, simple to implement, and the requisite data can be modest. Conclusions drawn using my methods will help identify limitations to connectivity analyses developed using circuit models.
Prognostic and predictive value of tertiary lymphoid structures in TURBT materials; Should it be seated in routine pathological examination and can it be used in deciding on the treatment method?
Authors: Yilmaz Fatih , Sagir Suleyman
Published: February 2024

Purpose: This study aims to reveal the importance of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in TURBT materials with a practical and applicable method in which the effect of a certain threshold value on survival and treatment response can be implicated.
Methods: TURBT materials that had not previously received any treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy) and were diagnosed for the first time at Mardin Training and Research Hospital between 2014 and 2022 were included in the study. The maximum number of TLS per 4x magnification field (Field diameter: 4,5 mm) was recorded. Grouping and statistical analysis of the TLS number were performed using threshold values of “≥1”, “≥2” and “≥3”.
Results
TLSs were more frequently found in high-grade tumors (p=0,008) and showed a strong association with stage progression (p<0,001). It was also significantly associated with many adverse histopathological parameters. Conversely, high TLS (≥1, ≥2, and ≥3) appeared to be associated with fewer recurrences (p=0,032, p=0,001, and p=0,018, respectively), and cases with higher TLS showed longer recurrence-free survival (p=0,089, p=0,023, p=0,037, respectively). TLS≥3 was found to be an independent parameter that was negatively associated with RFS (p=0,019, HR=0,401) and multifocality was found to be an independent risk factor for RFS (p=0,023, HR=2,302).
Conclusion
This study is the first to demonstrate the relationship between the presence and specific thresholds of TLS in TURBT materials with prognostic parameters. Including this information in the routine pathological examination of TURBT materials will allow a more accurate approach to treatment and follow-up, especially in patients with NMIBC.