bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traumatic imagery following glucocorticoid administration in earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder: A preliminary functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Douglas Katie M , Groves Samantha , Porter Richard J , Jordan Jenny , Wilson Lynere , Melzer Tracy R , Wise Richard G , Bisson Jonathan I , Bell Caroline J
Published: May 2019

Objective:

Post-traumatic stress disorder involves excessive retrieval of traumatic memories. Glucocorticoids impair declarative memory retrieval. This preliminary study examined the effect of acute hydrocortisone administration on brain activation in individuals with earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder compared with earthquake-exposed healthy individuals, during retrieval of traumatic memories.

Method:

Participants exposed to earthquakes with ( n = 11) and without post-traumatic stress disorder ( n = 11) underwent two functional magnetic resonance imaging scans, 1-week apart, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, counter-balanced design. On one occasion, they received oral hydrocortisone (20 mg), and on the other, placebo, 1 hour before scanning. Symptom provocation involved script-driven imagery (traumatic and neutral scripts) and measures of self-reported anxiety.

Results:

Arterial spin labelling showed that both post-traumatic stress disorder and trauma-exposed controls had significantly reduced cerebral blood flow in response to retrieval of traumatic versus neutral memories in the right hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, calcarine sulcus, middle and superior temporal gyrus, posterior cingulate, Heschl’s gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, angular gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, lingual gyrus and cuneus, and the left prefrontal cortex. Hydrocortisone resulted in non-significant trends of increasing subjective distress and reduced regional cerebral blood flow in the left inferior frontal gyrus, left anterior cingulate gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, cerebellum, postcentral gyrus and right frontal pole, during the trauma script.

Conclusion:

Findings do not fit with some aspects of the accepted neurocircuitry model of post-traumatic stress disorder, i.e., failure of the medial prefrontal cortex to quieten hyperresponsive amygdala activity, and the potential therapeutic benefits of hydrocortisone. They do, however, provide further evidence that exposure to earthquake trauma, regardless of whether post-traumatic stress disorder eventuates, impacts brain activity and highlights the importance of inclusion of trauma-exposed comparisons in studies of post-traumatic stress disorder.
The role of dissociation and abuse among adolescents who self-harm
Authors: Hoyos Carlos , Mancini Vincent , Furlong Yulia , Medford Nick , Critchley Hugo , Chen Wai
Published: May 2019

Objectives:

Retrospective recall of dissociative symptoms has been found to mediate the association between childhood abuse and deliberate self-harm (DSH) in later life. To disentangle the effect of recall bias, we tested whether dissociation symptoms ascertained during an acute DSH presentation mediates this link.

Method:

All participants with DSH were recruited during emergency presentation. Seventy-one individuals aged 11–17 years with overdose (OD) and/or self-injury (SI) participated in semi-structured interviews and psychiatric assessment to measure abuse and dissociation. An age- and gender-matched comparison group of 42 non-psychiatric patients admitted to the same service were also assessed.

Results:

The DSH groups reported significantly higher levels of abuse and dissociation compared to comparison group. Dissociation significantly mediated the association between abuse and DSH. Of the four dissociation subtypes, ‘depersonalisation’ was the primary mediator. Adolescents with chronic patterns of DSH and the ‘OD + SI’ self-harm type reported more severe dissociation.

Conclusion:

Exposure to abuse significantly increased the risk of DSH in adolescence. This association was mediated by dissociation. Our findings suggest a possible dose–response relationship between dissociation with DSH chronicity and the ‘OD + SI’ self-harm type, implicating the importance of evaluating dissociation and depersonalisation symptoms as well as abuse exposure in DSH management.
Toward a Psychological Framework of Radical Healing in Communities of Color
Authors: French Bryana H. , Lewis Jioni A. , Mosley Della V. , Adames Hector Y. , Chavez-Dueñas Nayeli Y. , Chen Grace A. , Neville Helen A.
Published: May 2019

Advancing beyond individual-level approaches to coping with racial trauma, we introduce a new psychological framework of radical healing for People of Color and Indigenous individuals (POCI) in the United States. We begin by providing a context of race and racism in the United States and its consequences for the overall well-being of POCI. We build on existing frameworks rooted in social justice education and activism and describe a form of healing and transformation that integrates elements of liberation psychology, Black psychology, ethnopolitical psychology, and intersectionality theory. We briefly review these conceptual foundations as a prelude to introducing a psychological framework of radical healing and its components grounded in five anchors including: (a) collectivism, (b) critical consciousness, (c) radical hope, (d) strength and resistance, and (e) cultural authenticity and self-knowledge. We conclude with a discussion of the applications of radical healing to clinical practice, research, training, and social justice advocacy.
Masters vs. Lee Masters: The legacy of the Spoon River author between Illinois and Italy
Authors: VanWagenen Julianne
Published: May 2019

Edgar Lee Masters’ 1915 Spoon River Anthology has been one of the most popular books of foreign poetry in Italy since it was first translated and published there by Fernanda Pivano and Cesare Pavese in 1943. Yet, in the US, Masters is virtually unknown to the public; American scholars find him a problematic figure and his Spoon River only viable in piecemeal form. This article considers the translation and reception history of Spoon River in Italy as well as Masters’ publication and reception history in the US until his death in 1950, to bring to light the reasons for the poet’s differing legacies. It goes on to examine recent scholarly translations of Spoon River, as they at once engage with and neutralize critical American scholarship in order to secure Masters’ status in Italy. Finally, the article suggests a way forward for Italian scholarly work on Masters, which does not attempt to engage American criticism, but, rather, roots itself in the fraught Italian relationship with “agrarian” literature after the ventennio fascista and Mussolini’s rural rhetoric.
Xenophobic Violence and Struggle Discourse in South Africa
Authors: Kerr Philippa , Durrheim Kevin , Dixon John
Published: May 2019

This paper argues that xenophobia in South Africa is entangled in discourses of liberation struggle, which are often used to justify anti-foreigner violence. We first examine some existing academic explanations for xenophobia, namely internalised racism, poverty/inequality, nationalism, and township and informal settlement politics. To avoid deterministically explaining xenophobia as ‘caused’ by any of these factors, however, we introduce a concept from social psychology, the concept of ‘working models of contact’. These are common frames of reference in which contact between groups is understood in terms of shared meanings and values. Xenophobic violence is not caused but instantiated in ways that are explained and justified according to particular understandings of the meaning of the ‘citizen-foreigner’ relationship. We then review three case studies of xenophobic violence whose perpetrators constructed a model of contact in which African ‘foreigners’ were undermining the struggles of South Africans in various socio-economic contexts. We also examine three cases where xenophobic violence was actively discouraged by invoking an inclusive rather than divisive form of struggle discourse. Thus the nature of the struggle itself becomes contested. We conclude by considering some dilemmatic implications that our analysis provokes.
Reassembling the Real Person: A Jungian and Mythical–Dramatistic Approach to Human Development
Authors: Dillon James J.
Published: May 2019

Carl Jung’s process of individuation (self-realization) can be usefully recast in “mythical–dramatistic” terms in which human development is seen as an exciting story of a trapped and disintegrated “cosmic person” who struggles to reassemble him or herself in us over time. This article describes the four stages of self-realization from the point of view of the unfolding of this primal person. The article then considers six central benefits of the mythical–dramatistic perspective for humanistic psychology: (a) a shift toward the use of personalistic versus abstract terms in human development; (b) a focus on inner dialogue in promoting growth; (c) an appreciation of the role of story as an ideal vehicle to express the embodiment of the eternal person over time; (d) an appreciation of the role of voice, vocation, and mission as key terms in psychological development; (e) a distinction between ego versus self-based psychological problems; and (f) a focus on the humanities in the training of clinical, counseling, and developmental psychologists.
Characteristics of Secondary Age Students With Intellectual Disability Who Participate in School-Sponsored Extracurricular Activities
Authors: Dymond Stacy K. , Rooney-Kron Magen , Burke Meghan M. , Agran Martin
Published: May 2019

This study investigated the relation between grade level, support needs, and use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and the participation of secondary age students with intellectual disability in school-sponsored extracurricular activities. Participants were special education teachers with at least one student with an intellectual disability on their caseload who participated in a school-sponsored extracurricular activity ( N = 498). Data were collected using an online questionnaire sent to members of a national listserv for transition professionals. Teachers reported students participated in a variety of extracurricular activities within the categories of sports/fitness, school clubs, special events, and performing arts. The majority of students participated in activities for less than 3 hr per week and did not participate in activities that only included students with disabilities. Support needs and use of AAC were related to the type of extracurricular activities in which students participated, the amount of time students spent in extracurricular activities each week, and the extent to which students participated in extracurricular activities that only included students with disabilities. Grade-level differences were nonsignificant, except in relation to activities that only included students with disabilities.
Neither Fish nor Fowl: the Contested Identity of Teachers of English in an EFL Context
Authors: Barahona Malba , Ibaceta-Quijanes Ximena
Published: May 2019

The literature on language teacher identity describes teacher identity as dynamic, shaped through professional and personal experiences and mediated by peer interaction, the effects of pedagogical strategies and professional discourses (Barkhuizen, 2017). This article reports on key findings from a study that investigated the perceptions of Chilean teachers of English about their work and their identity as language teachers. Data were collected through an online questionnaire with 716 respondents from teachers of English across Chile. The questionnaire included specific questions on teachers’ motivation, the nature of effective teaching practices, types of professional development and factors that contribute to their professional learning. The analysis of two critical open-ended questions related to levels of teacher satisfaction and valorization revealed that although teachers feel generally satisfied with their jobs, at the same time they feel essentially undervalued and somewhat illegitimate. Factors such as standards frameworks which compel teachers to validate their knowledge of the language, constraints in relation to working conditions and modest salary levels directly contributed to the perceptions of satisfaction and valorization. A significant implication of this study is the need for a more complex understanding of the motivations that drive the development of English language teacher identity.
Presidents without Roots: Understanding the Peruvian Paradox
Authors: Vergara Alberto , Watanabe Aaron
Published: May 2019

Peru’s posttransition democracy presents a paradox: presidents have remained unpopular despite presiding over a period in which democratic institutions strengthened and the economy grew rapidly. O’Donnell’s work on delegative democracy suggests that the Peruvian paradox results from weak vertical accountability. Since Peru’s return to democracy, parties and civil society have been too weak to hold elected leaders accountable. Furthermore, presidents have faced opposition to reform from entrenched neoliberal technocrats. With no one holding them accountable and little capacity to govern, presidents have chosen to delegate decision-making authority to technocrats. Even when leaders have won office on reformist platforms, continuity has prevailed, and citizens have lost trust in their elected leaders. The origins of the Peruvian paradox and weak vertical accountability can be traced to the destruction of the institutional and organizational foundations of democracy in the 1990s under Alberto Fujimori’s authoritarian regime.

La democracia pos-transición en Perú presenta una paradoja: los presidentes siguen siendo impopulares a pesar de presidir un período en el que las instituciones democráticas se fortalecieron y la economía creció rápidamente. El trabajo de O’Donnell sobre la demo-cracia delegativa sugiere que la paradoja peruana resulta de una débil rendición de cuentas vertical. Desde el retorno de Perú a la democracia, los partidos y la sociedad civil han sido demasiado débiles para responsabilizar a los líderes electos. Además, los presidentes han enfrentado la oposición a la reforma de tecnócratas neoliberales atrincherados. Sin que nadie los responsabilice y con poca capacidad para gobernar, los presidentes han optado por delegar la autoridad en la toma de decisiones a los tecnócratas. Incluso cuando los líderes han sido eligidos en plataformas reformistas, la continuidad ha prevalecido y los ciudadanos han perdido la confianza en sus líderes electos. Los orígenes de la paradoja peruana y la débil rendición de cuentas vertical se remonta a la destrucción de los cimientos institucionales y organizativos de la democracia en la década de 1990 bajo el régimen autoritario de Alberto Fujimori.
Reduction of exposure to plasticizers in stored red blood cell units
Authors: Münch Frank , Göen Thomas , Zimmermann Robert , Adler Werner , Purbojo Ariawan , Höllerer Christine , Cesnjevar Robert Anton , Rüffer André
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

Plastic can be toxic and hazardous to an organism’s health, but it is being widely used in our daily lives. Di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate is the most common plasticizer in medical devices made of polyvinylchloride and is commonly found in soft bags storing red blood cell units. Di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate and its degradation product mono-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate can migrate into human body fluids, for example, blood and tissues. The aim of the study was to assess the concentration of plasticizers in red blood cell units according to storage time and after mechanical rinsing using a cell salvage device.

Methods:

Levels of di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate and mono-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate were analysed in 50 unwashed red blood cell units using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, phthalate concentrations were measured before and after mechanical rinsing in six more washed red blood cell units with storage times ranging between 36 and 56 days. A linear regression model was determined by the daily increase of di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate and mono-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate in the stored red blood cell units subject to their storage time (range = 4-38 days), and the effect of mechanical rinsing on their phthalate concentration was calculated.

Results:

A linear correlation was found between storage time of unwashed red blood cell units and the concentration of di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate (p < 0.001) or mono-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate (p < 0.001). Stored red blood cell units older than 14 days had significantly higher concentrations of both contaminants than red blood cell units of shorter storage time (p < 0.001). Mechanical rinsing in washed red blood cell units attained a reduction in the di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate and mono-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate concentration by a median of 53% (range = 18-68%; p = 0.031) and 87% (range = 68-96%; p = 0.031), respectively.

Conclusion:

Leaching of di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate and mono-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate into red blood cell units depends on the duration of storage time. Plasticizers can be significantly reduced by mechanical rinsing using cell salvage devices, and thus, red blood cell units can be regenerated with respect to chemical contamination.
Baseball Pitchers’ Perceived Effort Does Not Match Actual Measured Effort During a Structured Long-Toss Throwing Program
Authors: Melugin Heath P. , Larson Dirk R. , Fleisig Glenn S. , Conte Stan , Fealy Stephen A. , Dines Joshua S. , D’Angelo John , Camp Christopher L.
Published: May 2019

Background:

During rehabilitation throwing programs, baseball players are commonly asked to throw at reduced levels of effort (ie, 50% effort, 75% effort, etc) to moderate stress to healing tissues. It is currently unknown how changes in players’ perceived exertion compares with changes in actual exertion during structured long-toss programs.

Purpose:

To determine whether decreased effort correlates with decreased throwing metrics, whether metrics decrease proportionally with reductions in perceived effort, and to quantify intrathrower variability.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Sixty male high school and collegiate baseball pitchers participated in a structured throwing program. A motusBASEBALL sleeve was worn by all players, which measured elbow varus torque, arm velocity, arm slot, and shoulder rotation. Ball velocity was measured with a radar gun. Each pitcher threw 5 throws a distance of 120 ft with 3 efforts: maximum effort, 75% effort, and 50% effort. Throwing metrics were compared among the 3 levels of effort to see if each 25% decrease resulted in proportional decreases in elbow varus torque and ball velocity. Intrathrower variability was determined for each throwing metric at each degree of effort.

Results:

All throwing metrics decreased as players decreased their perceived effort ( P < .001). However, these observed decreases were much smaller in magnitude than the decreases in perceived effort. During the 75% effort throws, elbow varus torque was only reduced to 93% of maximum and velocity dropped to 86% of maximum. Similarly, for the 50% effort throws, elbow varus torque remained 87% of max effort torque, while velocity remained 78% of max. Intrathrower reliability was considered excellent for most metrics (intraclass correlation coefficient, >0.75).

Conclusion:

For every 25% decrease in perceived effort, elbow varus torque only decreased 7% and velocity only decreased 11%. Thus, when players throw at what they perceive to be reduced effort, their actual throwing metrics do not decrease at the same rate as their perceived exertion.

Clinical Relevance:

Measured effort decreased with decreasing perceived effort, but these were not proportional. This has significant implications for physical therapists, physicians, trainers, coaches, and athletes to understand and monitor elbow stress during the rehabilitation process.
Care Burden and Mental Ill Health in Spouses of People With Parkinson Disease Dementia and Lewy Body Dementia
Authors: Vatter Sabina , Stanmore Emma , Clare Linda , McDonald Kathryn R. , McCormick Sheree A. , Leroi Iracema
Published: May 2019

Objectives:

To explore and compare levels of mental health, care burden, and relationship satisfaction among caregiving spouses of people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia in Parkinson disease (PD-MCI or PDD) or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

Methods:

Spouses (n = 136) completed measures of mood, stress, resilience, general health, quality of life, care burden, and relationship satisfaction, as well as sociodemographic factors. Additionally, data on motor and neuropsychiatric symptom severity of people with PD-MCI, PDD, or DLB were obtained in a subsample.

Results:

Most spouses were married women (>85%) who provided a median of 4 years of care and 84 hours of weekly care. Among these, relationship dissatisfaction, stress, anxiety, care burden, and feelings of resentment were common. Spouses of people with PDD and DLB had significantly higher rates of burden, resentment, and depression compared to spouses of people with PD-MCI. Furthermore, unique group differences emerged whereby spouses of people with PDD had significantly longer duration of care provision, higher stress, more relationship dissatisfaction, and fewer positive interactions, compared to PD-MCI group, whereas anxiety and lower levels of mental health were prominent in spouses of people with DLB, compared to PD-MCI group. Despite this, the majority of spouses reported good quality of life, resilience, and satisfaction with the caring role.

Conclusion:

Both PDD and DLB significantly contribute to poorer mental health and higher levels of care burden in spouses. Clinicians should actively screen the risk of burden, stress, depression, and anxiety among caregiving spouses of people with these conditions.
The semiotic multistability of time: Literature as a window onto a classic challenge in psychology
Authors: Mazur Lucas B.
Published: May 2019

This article examines two conceptualizations of time— kairic and prophetic—to illustrate the semiotic multistability of time: the Gestalt-like switch between conceptualizations. We will use two well-known novellas about time and salvation (by Charles Dickens and C. S. Lewis) to explore how the features of these two schemata cluster together thereby creating these two different understandings of time, while simultaneously blocking the view to each other. Finally, we will explore how the tensions between these two schemata are of interest for the logic of psychological science. It will be argued that many of the classic tensions within psychology speak to the multistability of our conceptual schemata regarding time and causation, something that is particularly exemplified by the challenges posed by Peirce’s notion of abduction. As we opt for one vision of time, we occlude others, even as we remain aware of their presence just beyond our conceptual reach.
Serum ammonia as an early predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients with glufosinate poisoning
Authors: Lee J , Lee Y , Kim YS , Choi JG , Go TH , Kim H , Cha YS
Published: May 2019

Background:

The mortality rate associated with human glufosinate poisoning is high. We evaluated the usefulness of serum ammonia and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) scores for early prediction of in-hospital mortality in glufosinate ammonium poisoning.

Methods:

A prospectively collected pesticide poisoning registry at a single academic medical center was retrospectively analyzed. Data were collected from consecutive patients diagnosed with glufosinate ammonium poisoning between May 2007 and February 2018. The initial serum ammonia level was defined as the highest serum ammonia level measured within 12 h after emergency department (ED) arrival. The SOFA and APACHE II scores were calculated using data obtained within the first 12 h after ED arrival. The patients were divided into survivor and nonsurvivor groups by in-hospital death status.

Results:

In total, 110 patients were included. Ten patients (9.1%) died in the hospital despite treatment. Median initial serum ammonia level was significantly higher in the nonsurvivor group than in the survivor group (219 (range: 158–792) versus 100.5 (range: 25–317) µg/dL, p < 0.001). Median SOFA and APACHE II scores in the survivor and nonsurvivor groups were 2 (range: 0–10) versus 5 (range: 1–8) ( p = 0.044) and 7 (range: 0–28) versus 16 (range: 8–22) ( p = 0.001), respectively. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, the initial serum ammonia level was the only independent predictor (cutoff value: 151 µg/dL).

Conclusion:

An initial serum ammonia level >151 µg/dL was an independent early predictor of in-hospital mortality in glufosinate ammonium poisoning.
Inferring the direction of a causal link and estimating its effect via a Bayesian Mendelian randomization approach
Authors: Bucur Ioan Gabriel , Claassen Tom , Heskes Tom
Published: May 2019

The use of genetic variants as instrumental variables – an approach known as Mendelian randomization – is a popular epidemiological method for estimating the causal effect of an exposure (phenotype, biomarker, risk factor) on a disease or health-related outcome from observational data. Instrumental variables must satisfy strong, often untestable assumptions, which means that finding good genetic instruments among a large list of potential candidates is challenging. This difficulty is compounded by the fact that many genetic variants influence more than one phenotype through different causal pathways, a phenomenon called horizontal pleiotropy. This leads to errors not only in estimating the magnitude of the causal effect but also in inferring the direction of the putative causal link. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian approach called BayesMR that is a generalization of the Mendelian randomization technique in which we allow for pleiotropic effects and, crucially, for the possibility of reverse causation. The output of the method is a posterior distribution over the target causal effect, which provides an immediate and easily interpretable measure of the uncertainty in the estimation. More importantly, we use Bayesian model averaging to determine how much more likely the inferred direction is relative to the reverse direction.
Adipose-Derived Neural Stem Cells Combined with Acellular Dermal Matrix as a Neural Conduit Enhances Peripheral Nerve Repair
Authors: Syu Wei-Ze , Hueng Dueng-Yuan , Chen Wei-Liang , Chan James Yi-Hsin , Chen Shyi-Gen , Huang Shih-Ming
Published: May 2019

Reconstruction to close a peripheral nerve gap continues to be a challenge for clinical medicine, and much effort is being made to develop nerve conduits facilitate nerve gap closure. Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is mainly used to aid wound healing, but its malleability and plasticity potentially enable it to be used in the treatment of nerve gaps. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can be differentiated into three germ layer cells, including neurospheres. We tested the ability of ADSC-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) in combination with ADM or acellular sciatic nerve (ASN) to repair a transected sciatic nerve. We found that NSCs form neurospheres that express Nestin and Sox2, and could be co-cultured with ADM in vitro, where they express the survival marker Ki67. Following sciatic nerve transection in rats, treatment with ADM+NSC or ASN+NSC led to increases in relative gastrocnemius weight, cross-sectional muscle fiber area, and sciatic functional index as compared with untreated rats or rats treated with ADM or ASN alone. These findings suggest that ADM combined with NSCs can improve peripheral nerve gap repair after nerve transection and may also be useful for treating other types of neurological gaps.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Risk Stratification Utilizing Phospho-Histone H3 Evaluated by Manual Counting and Computer-Assisted Image Analysis
Authors: Jin Cao , Huang Yan , Nasim Mansoor , Yang Yihe , Lee Lili
Published: May 2019

Background. Risk of progressive disease of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) relies on mitotic index, size, and location of the tumor. However, manual mitotic counting on hematoxylin and eosin–stained slides (MMC-HE) is inefficient with low reproducibility. Manual count of phospho-histone H3 (MC-PHH3)-positive cells on immunohistochemical stained slides has been shown to have comparable reliability with MMC-HE. This study aims to confirm the reliability of MC-PHH3 in GISTs compared with MMC-HE and then to further compare MC-PHH3 with computer-assisted image analysis of PHH3-positive cells (Comp-PHH3). Methods. The study included 119 patients with GISTs. PHH3 stains were performed. MC-PHH3 was assessed as counts/5 mm2 high-power fields. Whole slide images were captured and the tumor area with greatest mitotic activity was manually identified. The PHH3-positive cells were automatically counted in 0.5 mm2 using Ventana Virtuoso software. Results. MMC-HE ranged from 0 to 157/5 mm2. MC-PHH3 ranged from 0 to 35.6/5 mm2. Comp-PHH3 ranged from 0 to 66/0.5 mm2. Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) indicates good agreement between the 3 pathologists for MC-PHH3 (ICC = 0.74, P = .42). There is a strong correlation between MMC-HE and MC-PHH3. The Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.63 ( P < .0001). Lin’s concordance further indicated a moderate diagnostic agreement between MC-PHH3 and Comp-PHH3. Conclusion. MC-PHH3 is proposed as a superior alternative to MMC-HE with potential application in GIST reporting and prognostication. Furthermore, Comp-PHH3 may be a valid alternative to MC-PHH3.
The effect of vascular access type on intra-access flow volume during hemodialysis
Authors: Park Hoon Suk , Kim Woo Jeong , Choi Joonsung , Kim Hyung Wook , Baik Jun Hyun , Kim Young Ok , Park Cheol Whee , Yang Chul Woo , Jin Dong Chan
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

Previous studies have revealed that vascular access resistance is constant during hemodialysis, but differs according to vascular access type. It is possible that intra-access flow volume (Qac) variation during hemodialysis may also differ according to vascular access type. We conducted this study to investigate whether there are differences in Qac according to vascular access type during hemodialysis.

Methods:

A total of 58 lower-arm arteriovenous fistula, 14 lower-arm arteriovenous graft, 27 upper-arm arteriovenous fistula, and 45 upper-arm arteriovenous graft cases were studied. Three consecutive Qac values (at 30, 120, and 240 min after the start of hemodialysis) were measured in each patient by the ultrasound dilution technique. Variations in Qac over time were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and multivariate regression analyses, to assess the impact of different factors on Qac variation.

Results:

The repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that a significant interaction exists between time and vascular access type (p < 0.001). This suggests that vascular access type affects Qac change (%) variation over time during hemodialysis. In a multivariate analysis, mean arterial pressure change during hemodialysis (p = 0.009), access type (p < 0.001), and access location (p < 0.001) were independent variables causing Qac change variation.

Conclusion:

This study showed that there is a significant difference in Qac variation according to vascular access type during hemodialysis and that arteriovenous graft (vs arteriovenous fistula) and the lower-arm location (vs upper arm) were associated with a decrease in Qac during hemodialysis. This suggests that consideration of vascular access type is required to minimize Qac variation during hemodialysis.
Internal coordination of social security in the Netherlands
Authors: de Jong Febe , Vonk Gijsbert
Published: May 2019

This article outlines the internal coordination of regional and local social security schemes in the Netherlands. The Netherlands is a decentralised state with a strong central government. Social security is largely a matter for central government. The article therefore focuses on the area of social assistance and social care, characterised by a system of ‘regulated decentralisation’. It outlines the state of decentralisation, the conflict rules and the coordination mechanisms and, finally, describes the financial regime of the decentralised schemes.
Administering social security and health in Denmark: Between centralisation and decentralisation
Authors: Jacqueson Catherine
Published: May 2019

In Denmark, large parts of welfare have traditionally been the business of local authorities. In particular, municipalities have played an essential role because they have the power to levy taxes and their autonomy is guaranteed by the Constitution. Yet, most welfare schemes are regulated by acts of the Parliament. This contribution analyses the Danish set up and discusses the extent of decentralisation in the area of social security and health care, focusing on the criteria for the allocation of competences, financial arrangements and the issue of equality of treatment across the country. The article concludes that, while the export of social problems between municipalities is a well-known phenomenon in Denmark, social shopping does not seem to take place.
Internal coordination of social security in Italy
Authors: Bologna Silvio
Published: May 2019

This contribution deals with the internal coordination of health care, long-term social care and social assistance schemes – covered by EU regulation no. 883/2004 – in Italy after the constitutional reform enacted in 2001, which significantly decentralised legislative and administrative machinery by strengthening the prerogatives of the Regions, especially in terms of organisation and funding of the services. This article seeks to demonstrate that, although the decentralisation of health care and long-term social care has been accompanied by mechanisms of internal coordination among the Regions (particularly in the field of inter-regional mobility), regional social assistance schemes providing money transfers lack any form of coordination.
Social devolution and the impact of European Union Law: A critical analysis
Authors: Verschueren Herwig
Published: May 2019

This article examines the extent to which EU law impacts on the relationship between the sub-national entities of a Member State where these sub-national entities have regulatory powers in the field of social protection. More specifically, it explores whether the criteria relied on in EU law for determining the scope of the circles of solidarity in the relationship between the Member States can also be applied in the context of the relations between the sub-national entities of regionalised Member States. It appears that EU law on the free movement of persons influences these matters, more specifically the European social security coordination system that determines to which national circle of solidarity a person migrating between Member States belongs. Indeed, in its judgment in the Flemish care insurance case, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) also applied these rules to some categories of persons in a cross-border situation between different regions of a single Member State. This article critically analyses this case law specifically in terms of respect for the regionalised identity of socially devolved Member States. It concludes that this kind of respect requires that in the context of the relations between sub-national entities of a regionalised Member State, the domestic constitutional rules determining the boundaries of circles of solidarity between these entities should, in all circumstances, have preference over the EU rules applicable between Member States.
Internal social security coordination in seven European States
Authors: Pieters Danny
Published: May 2019

In the first chapter, we examine the importance of the difference between federalism and decentralisation as far as issues of internal social security coordination are concerned. In the next chapter, factors limiting the importance of internal coordination are reviewed and in the following chapters, traditional internal coordination questions are addressed. The concluding chapter questions the approach taken by the European Court of Justice in respect of the interaction between European and internal social security coordination.
Airflow pattern and performance of wall confluent jets ventilation for heating in a typical office space
Authors: Tan Diyi , Li Baizhan , Cheng Yong , Liu Hong , Chen Jinhua
Published: May 2019

To investigate an air distribution system with the potential to provide a comfortable thermal environment and efficient ventilation performance in heating mode, this study compared the numerical results of the RNG k-[Formula: see text] model, realizable k-[Formula: see text] model and SST k-ω model with experimental data obtained from a typical office with wall confluent jets ventilation (WCJV) for heating. The SST k-ω model was chosen for numerical study of WCJV. The findings showed that the WCJV performed better than mixing ventilation (MV) in the heating mode because WCJV could entrain less ambient air and maintain the jets’ momentum and energy to reach the occupied zone. The effects of supply air temperature difference (in the range of 2.00°C to 7.79°C) and supply air velocity (in the range of 2.20 m/s to 8.50 m/s) on the jet velocity profiles and ventilation performance of WCJV were also quantified. The results showed that the jet velocity profile was more sensitive to the supply air velocity than to the supply air temperature difference. Accordingly, reducing the supply air velocity might result in poorer thermal environment and air quality in the occupied zone because the warm air jets cannot spread out over the floor area. The results can be helpful in understanding WCJV used for ventilation under heating mode.
Fatal attraction: A narrative of early opioid addiction
Authors: Pedersen Willy
Published: May 2019

Norway’s first clinic to treat drug abuse was established in 1961. Most patients had been initiated into drug use through the healthcare system, i.e., in an iatrogenic manner. However, we know little about the drug users from this period. Here, we present an in-depth interview with a woman born into a wealthy family in the early 1920s who developed a heavy morphine addiction. In the course of the interview, she gradually reveals how her husband, who was a physician, as well as two other physicians, who were also erotically attracted to her, had key roles in this development. The narrative illustrates and elaborates how females from the upper strata of society with close links to male physicians may have been at particular risk of opioid misuse in the period before 1960. We now witness a new wave of iatrogenic drug abuse, particularly in the USA. We suggest that experiences from this period may again be relevant.
How agenda setting works: A dual path model and motivated reasoning
Authors: Lee Na Yeon
Published: May 2019

This study examines whether agenda-setting effects occur along dual paths and what role motivated goals play in that process. Based on an experimental design that employed a specially constructed news website, this study examined whether dual paths of agenda setting – a casual path and deliberative path – depend on types of motivated goals, that is, whether individuals have motivations to look for accurate news or like-minded news. The role that motivated goals play in the agenda-setting process is important, especially in the new media environment, because audiences’ news consumption has become politically polarized and aligned with their prior beliefs, which may lead them to have perceptions that are contradictory to those of the media about what issues are important and how to think about those issues. Findings of this study showed that a deliberative path – that is, reading more articles – was likely to result in higher agenda-setting effects. A deliberative path also led to even greater agenda-setting effects for individuals with accuracy goals compared to individuals with directional goals. A casual path led to greater agenda-setting effects for individuals with directional goals than for those with accuracy goals.
Are Sex Differences in Preferences for Physical Attractiveness and Good Earning Capacity in Potential Mates Smaller in Countries With Greater Gender Equality?
Authors: Zhang Lingshan , Lee Anthony J. , DeBruine Lisa M. , Jones Benedict C.
Published: May 2019

On average, women show stronger preferences for mates with good earning capacity than men do, while men show stronger preferences for physically attractive mates than women do. Studies reporting that sex differences in mate preferences are smaller in countries with greater gender equality have been interpreted as evidence that these sex differences in mate preferences are caused by the different roles society imposes on men and women. Here, we attempted to replicate previously reported links between sex differences in mate preferences and country-level measures of gender inequality in a sample of 3,073 participants from 36 countries (data and code available at https://osf.io/4sr5f/ ). Although women preferred mates with good earning capacity more than men did and men preferred physically attractive mates more than women did, we found little evidence that these sex differences were smaller in countries with greater gender equality. Although one analysis suggested that the sex difference in preferences for good earning capacity was smaller in countries with greater gender equality, this effect was not significant when controlling for Galton’s problem or when correcting for multiple comparisons. Collectively, these results provide little support for the social roles account of sex differences in mate preferences.
Indigenous Peoples’ Help-Seeking Behaviors for Family Violence: A Scoping Review
Authors: Fiolet Renee , Tarzia Laura , Hameed Mohajer , Hegarty Kelsey
Published: May 2019

Indigenous peoples are more likely than non-Indigenous peoples to experience family violence (FV), with wide-reaching impacts on individuals, families, and communities. Despite this, service providers indicate that Indigenous peoples are less likely to seek support than non-Indigenous peoples. Little is known about the reasons for this, particularly from the perspective of Indigenous people themselves. In this scoping review, we explore the views Indigenous peoples have on help seeking for FV. Online databases, Google Scholar, and reference lists were searched for relevant studies. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied so that only original studies where the Indigenous voice was specifically sought were chosen. Fifteen studies met our inclusion criteria including qualitative and mixed-methods research. Studies were conducted in the Americas, New Zealand, Australia, and India. Overall, findings suggest that Indigenous peoples are reluctant to engage in help-seeking behaviors for FV. Data were inductively organized into three main themes reflecting this reluctance: tendency to avoid help seeking (acknowledging the barriers of shame, tight-knit communities, and inappropriate service responses causing mistrust and fear), turning to informal support networks, and help is sought when crisis point is reached. We conclude that to overcome barriers for Indigenous peoples seeking help for FV, improving service providers response to FV through training and more research about what works is required; these activities need to be informed by both male and female Indigenous voices.
“Don’t Deny Yourself a Seat at the Table”: Supporting the Leadership Development of MSM of Color in HIV Services
Authors: Quinn Katherine G. , Wolfe Hester , Vergeront James
Published: May 2019

AIDS service organizations have played a vital role in responding to the HIV epidemic, yet many are plagued by an underrepresentation of racial, ethnic, and sexual minorities in leadership positions. In response, the Wisconsin Department of Health Services, HIV Division, created the Wisconsin Health Leaders Fellowship program to provide training and skills to gay and bisexual men of color in HIV service organizations in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The program was evaluated using in-depth pre- and post-Fellowship interviews with fellows, their agency preceptors, and Fellowship staff ( n = 23 interviews). Results indicate that the Fellowship was successful at developing leadership skills and increasing the confidence of the fellows. However, findings revealed the need to address larger social and structural issues alongside supporting individuals in order to create effective, sustainable change. There is a need for cultural diversity trainings for organizational leaders, changes to organizational hiring and promotion practices, and improving opportunities for formal education for racial and ethnic minority men.
Exploration of the Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplantation With Psychosocial and Medical Outcomes in Kidney and Kidney–Pancreas Transplant Recipients
Authors: Chen Gloria , Bell Cynthia S. , Loughhead Penelope , Ibeche Bashar , Bynon John S. , Hall David R. , De Golovine Aleksandra , Edwards Angelina , Dar Wasim A.
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

The Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplantation (SIPAT) is a psychometric instrument designed to assess patient risk for transplant. We investigated the association between SIPAT scores and demographic data with psychosocial and medical outcomes within a diverse kidney/kidney–pancreas transplant population.

Design:

The SIPAT was administered to all pretransplant candidates. A retrospective review of transplanted patients who had at least 6 months of follow-up was completed.

Results:

The sample included 136 patients: male (n = 77 [57%]) with a mean age of 47 years old. Thirty-eight percent were black (n = 51), 55% had less than a high school education (n = 74), and 65% had low socioeconomic status (n = 89). Statistical difference was found among SIPAT scores and substance use and support system instability ( P = .035, P = .012). Females ( P = .012) and patients with a history of psychopathology ( P = .002) developed or had a relapse of psychopathology following transplant. Patients with more than a high school education ( P = .025) and who were less than 30 years ( P = .026) had higher rejection incidence rates. Risk factors for rehospitalizations included Hispanic race, diabetes, and low socioeconomic status ( P = .036, P = .038, P = .014). African American/Black and male patients had higher incidence of infection events ( P = .032, P = .049). Mortality and treatment nonadherence were not significantly associated with SIPAT scores or demographic variables.

Conclusion:

The SIPAT was associated with posttransplant substance use and support system instability, while demographic variables were associated with the development and/or relapse of psychopathology, graft loss, rejection, infection events, and medical rehospitalizations. Revision of the SIPAT to include additional demographic components may lend to improved prediction of transplant outcomes.