bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors in post-COVID-19 global supply chain management
Authors: Wong Daniel , Abu-Khater Haneen , Woschnik Evan S. , Huda Choul , Mora Bradley
Published: July 2024

Most companies by and large have tuned their supply chains to either focus on achieving the lowest total cost or providing most flexibility in responding to customer demands. Regardless of the company’s supply chain strategy design, leading companies continue to invest in their people, business process and digital technology to extend their competitive advantage in the marketplace. Leading companies want to be able to predict supply chain performance and achieve above-market returns when supply matches demand. When the global pandemic COVID-19 hit the world, however, most companies’ supply chain systems were thrown into disarray, and companies could not respond predictably. The current supply chain system was no longer operating in a stable environment when both the demand and the supply sides of the equation were simultaneously affected. As pharmaceutical and bio firms raced to develop vaccines to protect citizens, the hope is that the vaccines will be here shortly and the world will be able to return to normal. It is during this period of uncertainty that supply chain management and professionals should consider questions such as what the post-COVID-19 global supply chain management framework should look like and what are the factors that should be considered going forward from a supply chain management practitioner’s perspective. This paper attempts to answer these questions based on interviews from a few selected companies and supply chain literature research and business articles review.
The role of airport costs in the post-9/11 recovery of San Francisco International Airport
Authors: Kiefer Mark , Diprima Christopher M.
Published: July 2024

This paper examines whether or to what extent San Francisco International Airport’s (SFO’s) purportedly high costs relative to other airports suppressed SFO’s traffic demand and prolonged the recovery of passenger traffic in the period after the 11th September, 2001 terrorist attacks. A comparative analysis of the historical data shows that SFO’s direct airport costs per enplanement (CPE) were higher than most other major airports in the post-9/11 period by a considerable margin, but that airport costs likely were not a significant factor in SFO’s prolonged recovery. Airport costs likely did not affect airline profitability sufficiently to influence route and scheduling decisions, and it is unlikely that passenger demand was dampened by the pass-through of higher costs to airfares. This research suggests at best a tenuous relationship between airport rates and passenger activity, and at SFO the evidence does not suggest that an extremely high CPE relative to peer airports affected the pace of its slow return to pre-9/11 traffic levels. Rather, the slow return of traffic to SFO and its neighbour, Norman Y. Mineta San Jose International Airport (SJC), compared to the robust growth at Oakland International Airport (OAK) can be explained by traditional economic means. It also suggests that in a multi-airport region where each airport is somewhat specialised, an individual airport’s over- or underperformance relative to its neighbours is more likely to be a function of economic geography than of any airport’s rate-setting practices. If this conclusion holds true for other US airports, it emphasises the ability of airports to create capital plans and set rates and charges to make long-term investments in organic air traffic growth, ensuring that new entrant airlines have sufficient facilities to begin service and that existing airlines have sufficient capacity to grow.
How can misconduct behaviours and abuse of position be better identified, and what are the drivers for committing fraud and theft?
Authors: Carpenter Tracey
Published: July 2024

This paper explains the threats that the COVID-19 pandemic poses to the security of organisations from an insider threat perspective, as well as summarising some of the drivers of dishonesty and discovering how employees may be presented with the opportunity to commit fraud and theft, have an underlying motivation or be in a position to rationalise their behaviour. The paper also examines how the insider threat has evolved over time, focusing on how attitudes, greed and technology have enabled employees to defraud their employers. It also looks at how blurred lines and white lies can lead to fraudulent behaviour, as well as recommendations on how to keep your company safe from insider threats.
PSD2 Secure Customer Authentication and customer experience: Ensuring a positive impact
Authors: Sacaleanu Roxana , Tak Eric
Published: July 2024

In this paper the authors describe the current diverging views on how to comply with PSD2 Secure Customer Authentication (SCA) requirements for card-not-present (CNP) transactions that are due to kick in come December 2020. Many parties argue the focus should be on the six possible exemptions to SCA to avoid, as much as possible, having to apply SCA and thus ensure smooth customer experience. The authors, however, referencing good experiences with that in The Netherlands, argue that the focus should instead be on making SCA itself smooth and seamless. Leveraging mobile banking apps and the nascent Secure Remote Commerce (SRC) standard, the cards industry can copy what is already commonplace in the Netherlands. That way a universally smooth experience can be created, and investments can be focused on providing seamless SCA rather than spreading it too thinly across many exemptions, which will not solve the issue in many instances anyway.
Keeping top fundraisers: Factors that influence the retention of high-performing gift officers
Authors: Linde Nicholas M. , Uran-Linde Kasey R.
Published: July 2024

Private giving to institutions of higher education is quickly becoming the sustainable solution for many colleges and universities facing decreasing support from the traditional revenue streams. Gift officers are largely responsible for acquiring this necessary philanthropy, yet these professionals are averaging less than two years in their positions, making it difficult for institutions to reap the long-term benefits from donor cultivation. This study investigates the factors that embed an individual and decrease his or her likeliness to job search or leave for another role. Through the application of the job embeddedness framework, high-performing gift officers qualitatively share their personal stories providing leaders of fundraising departments or organisations practical ways to retain their most valuable fundraisers. Specific findings include employees’ alignment with the mission of higher education, valuable relationships with donors, and ties to their community as factors that keep high performing fundraisers at their current institution. The opportunity cost is substantial each time a gift officer leaves their position and this research may provide possible solutions to slow the rate of turnover and increase fundraising productivity.
Building better transaction monitoring for anti-money laundering
Authors: Bostel Ashley
Published: July 2024

Recent developments in cloud-based systems, Big Data and machine learning are transforming the anti-financial crime technology landscape. These technologies are making it easier to develop improved solutions for detecting, managing and investigating financial crime. As a result, the anti-money laundering (AML) software market is expected to grow by over US$1bn in the next four years, as traditional vendors compete with new players to exploit these new technologies. This environment is leading to exciting innovation in anti-financial crime technology with both software vendors and financial institutions challenging each other to develop the next leading AML solutions. This paper concludes that, criminals are not shackled by data privacy and international boundaries, transaction monitoring and all compliance professionals play an important role in helping to reduce human suffering and combat criminal activity. It discusses how new technologies can and will help to make AML solutions more effective and that will have a positive impact on civilisation.
Safeguarding brands in online review forums: The role of managerial response
Authors: Sharpe Stacey
Published: July 2024

Online review forums have emerged as important resources for consumer decision-making, especially in the areas of information search and product evaluations. It is thus necessary for managers to consider and implement strategies for safeguarding brands in online review forums. This study examines the use of managerial response as a strategy for influencing consumer attitudes in online review forums. Furthermore, the extent to which negative reviews, opinion leadership and the timeliness of managerial response impact consumer attitudes towards the responding firm are also evaluated. Data was collected from TripAdvisor.com. The hypothesised relationships were tested using a Heckman two-stage selection model. The results of this study show that by tailoring their participation to address negative reviews and those from opinion leaders, managers can expect to positively influence long-term consumer perception in online review forums. The findings have implications for the ongoing focus on reputation building and consumer relationship management in online environments. This study offers clear, implementable guidelines for effectively safeguarding brands in online review forums. This is the first study to empirically examine the use of managerial response as a strategy for safeguarding brands in online review forums.
Heritage building information modelling in heritage projects
Authors: Scaysbrook Stephen J.
Published: July 2024

Most building information modelling (BIM) we see in the construction workplace is aimed at modern construction, with a consistency of materials, from well-established manufacturers complying with a heap of British Standards on manufacture, quality control, record keeping, delivery storage and installation, that make for a known construction that BIM is able to record. But heritage buildings with materials that were often made hundreds of years ago with little or no control are far from the consistency we now enjoy with modern materials. Walls made of bricks may look the same, but a single linear length may well have many variants of thickness, density, colour and performance that are difficult for modern computer aided design (CAD) to record. This paper looks at a way to overcome this problem with a grid aligned to the easting, northings and Y axis, and allow planning to add to this several layers of planning law protection to the buildings from unwarranted alteration and repair. A working model is currently in production using Guys Cliffe fire upgrade work as a current live working model, utilising a point cloud survey imported into a 3D Revit model to record upgrade work and record materials.
An airport in need of a step change: Geneva Airport’s Terminal Ambition Plan
Authors: Schneider André , Aulman Joeri , Rieff Peter
Published: July 2024

Geneva Airport is embarking on a revolutionary new programme to make its Terminal facilities future proof and aligned with the changes our industry is facing. Starting with a clean slate — thinking in opportunities, not only constraints — set the fundamentals for the feasibility study on phased implementation, given COVID-19 budget constraints. The journey that the airport and its consultant NACO undertook to reach this point is worth sharing with our industry partners.
The World Economic Forum: A multistakeholder platform for engaging the financial services industry and its role during the global economic crisis
Authors: Koenitzer Michael
Published: July 2024

As the effects of the financial crisis continue to unfold, the world faces serious challenges to capital markets and the global economy. As aggregate demand falls, there is still a significant risk of a global recession that will affect many sectors. The crisis has demonstrated that efforts limited to specific institutions or jurisdictions are insufficient to address a problem that is global in scope. It has also highlighted the need to improve risk management strategies at both the system-wide and institutional levels in the financial services industry. Given the global nature of the financial and economic turmoil, new approaches and solutions are required to restore confidence to markets and ensure an effective long-term response. Since the beginning of the crisis in 2008, the World Economic Forum has — through its unique multistakeholder platform of engaging businesses, governments and civil society — organised numerous initiatives aimed at dealing with the sources and implications of the crisis, as well as how to mitigate the risk of a recurrence of the failures of the past. The aim of all these initiatives is to address the following question: What can the financial services industry do to better monitor, manage and maintain the resilience of the financial system?
Long-term stewardship of green spaces: When urban regeneration meets social regeneration
Authors: Hall Euan
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the challenges and the importance of long-term stewardship of green spaces. It looks at the role they play in bringing communities together and creating great places for people to live, work and play. It explores past mistakes and provides evidence for the positive impact green infrastructure can make in health and well-being, community and social cohesion and the economy.
A roadmap to achieving STP for corporate actions
Authors: Lancaster Brett , Hands David
Published: July 2024

Unlike other areas of the financial services industry, such as trading or settlement, the automation of a corporate action throughout its lifecycle — from announcement, through election, to entitlement and payment — has not yet been realised. The straight-through processing (STP) rates, which indicate the degree of automation, for corporate actions are poor and the management of corporate actions data remains highly manual. The result is that corporate actions are risky and costly — even simply getting hold of good, 'clean' data that is comprehensive is very challenging. Can a roadmap that achieves high STP rates for announcements be built and realised? This paper argues that for the USA — the largest market in the world, covering about 65 per cent of all global corporate action volume alone — the answer is 'yes', and the course has already been set.
Right now. For tomorrow: Launching a purpose-driven sustainability brand
Authors: Breindel Howard
Published: July 2024

Although corporate sustainability campaigns are common, rarely do brands begin with ecological concerns, rooting their identity in a pre-existing commitment to protecting our planet. ENGIE, a multinational energy and services company, sets such a project in motion in 2019, establishing a one-of-its-kind company that combined existing data and execution capabilities with consulting and analytics in order to facilitate a quicker transition to a carbon-neutral economy. Translating this driving purpose into a full brand positioning, messaging, company name, visual identity, website and launch strategy, the resulting brand, ENGIE Impact, quickly established the business as a thought leader and trusted partner in a new and vital space. As such, a comprehensive ENGIE Impact case study provides marketers and strategists with a blueprint for launching purpose-driven business-to-business (B2B) brands.
Cost to serve and supply chain optimisation
Authors: De Poot Daphne , Gademann Noud , Davis Alison
Published: July 2024

Every supply chain company wants detailed information on the costs of delivering its products to customers, yet only a handful know how much it costs to serve their customers. The difference between 10 years ago and today is that industry leaders now not only recognise that a company’s profit is often dependent on the costs of serving its customers, but also have available tools and technology to tab into their data for enhanced operational visibility to make better decisions. This paper describes how the supply chain management and logistics industry can calculate the profitability of products, customers and routes using cost to serve technology. The authors describe how advanced analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) break down costs at the customer level, helping organisations set an actionable business plan to increase profits and make customers happy.
Application of the Certified Persons Regime: Evolving best practice and potential pitfalls
Authors: Gowland Louise
Published: July 2024

The primary impetus for the birth of the Senior Managers and Certification Regime (SMCR) was to improve accountability throughout financial services following the 2013 Parliamentary Commission report on Banking Standards report, ‘Changing Banking for Good’. A particular focus of the regime has been to those performing senior manager functions (SMF), which are subject to a statutory ‘duty of responsibility’. Under this statute, SMF role holders can be held personally accountable if it is proved that they did not take ‘reasonable steps' to prevent or stop a breach occurring within their area of responsibility. Throughout the consultation of the regime, the regulators made it clear that firms were not required to necessarily change how they organised themselves, did business or, indeed, hire additional staff as a result; they intended a clarification and reinforcement of governance structures of in-scope firms. Prescribed Responsibility (b) outlined in SYSC 24.2.6(2)R denotes ‘Responsibility for the firm's performance of its obligation under the certification regime’. This prescribed responsibility is demonstrative of the regulator's view of how a firm is structured and organised being the responsibility of a senior manager within the in-scope legal entity. This paper considers the best practice approaches taken to meet the certification requirements of the regime, some of the key challenges and potential pitfalls firms face in this regard and reflects on what could be considered best practice.
Utilisation of Sawdust and Charcoal Ash as Sustainable Modified Bitumen
Authors: Mior Sani Wan Noor Hin , Nurul Fatihah Allias  , Haryati Yaacob  , Zaid Hazim Al-Saffar  , Mohd Hazree Hashim
Published: July 2024

Bitumen pavements play a critical role in modern transportation infrastructure, providing durable and reliable surfaces for roads and highways. However, traditional bitumen modifiers often rely on non-renewable resources and may contribute to environmental degradation. In response to the need for sustainable alternatives, this study explores the potential of utilizing sawdust (SD) and charcoal ash (CA) as bitumen modifiers. SD and CA were blended with bitumen grade 60/70 with 0% (control) and varied amounts of proportion using combination of SD and CA. Moreover, the sustainable modified bitumen mixture was assessed using the Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength and loss abrasion test. Specifically, adding 7SD0.5CA performs the best in stability as a sustainable modified bitumen mixture. The correlation between stability, tensile strength and loss abrasion for SD and CA modified bitumen mixture was significant, with a strong Coefficient of Determination (R2) of average 0.96 for all testing parameters. According to this study’s findings, the correlation of SD and CA content may improve the performance and engineering characteristics with respect to sustainable modified bitumen.
Omics technologies for understanding the plant–fungal endophyte interactions: crop improvement for future security
Authors: Kaur Tanvir , Negi Rajeshwari , Sharma Babita , Kaur Simranjeet , Khan Sofia Sharief , Kour Divjot , Singh Sangram , Rustagi Sarvesh , Shreaz Sheikh , Yadav Neelam , Kumar Manish , Rai Ashutosh Kumar , Yadav Ajar Nath
Published: July 2024

Fungi are a unique group of microbes that exist in all of the world’s niches having different habitats and environments. They are known to interact with various species present on the earth, including plants. Fungi interact with different niches of plants such as roots (rhizosphere), tissue, and internal spaces (endophytic) and surfaces (epiphytic). The fungi that inhabit the plants are specifically known as endophytic fungi. These plant–fungal interactions play a significant role for the host, such as protecting the plants from biotic and abiotic factors known as major growth constraints. Fungal endophytes also supply several nutrients and plant growth hormones, which help in plant growth enhancement. Additionally, nitrogen fixation, solubilization of minerals, production of phytohormones, antibiotics, secondary metabolites, hydrogen cyanide proteolytic enzymes, and activation of plant responses to stresses are the various mechanisms of endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi have been known for various biotechnological applications that were unraveled through exploring biodiversity and understanding the interaction of plant–fungal endophyte. There are many unexplored species and interaction studies that need to be explored, and for the study, omics tools are recognized as the finest approach. In the present review, different omics tools that could be used for a deeper understanding of plant–fungal endophyte interactions and endophytic fungi biodiversity have been detailed.
La retorica della sostenibilità: indicatori territoriali e ricerca sul campo in Alta Valtellina
Authors: Morazzoni Monica , Di Napoli Matteo Francesco
Published: July 2024

Abstract The Rhetoric of Sustainability: Territorial Indicators and Field Research in Alta Valtellina  This paper compares statistical data on environmental sustainability with the governmental actions of the territory, which really affect the protection of the landscape and ecosystem elements. Case study is the Alta Valtellina, and the work focuses on Lago Bianco at the Gavia Pass, a remnant specimen of arctic tundra in the Stelvio National Park, exploited to capture water for artificial snow-making on ski slopes. This research shows the socio-cultural and economic dynamics underlying the relationship between mountain environment, protected nature, tourism and population, which recount experiences of vulnerability, lack of protection and conflict.
Design of back-contact interface of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells by single-target magnetron sputtering
Authors: Tian Shan-Shan , Gao Qian , Gao Ze-Ran , Xiong Yu-Chen , Cong Ri-Dong , Yu Wei ,   National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Optoelectronic Devices, College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
Published: July 2024

Thin-film solar cells provide an opportunity to reduce the cost of converting solar energy into electricity by replacing expensive and thick silicon wafers, which account for more than 50% of the total cost of photovoltaic (PV) modules. However, many thin-film solar cell materials result in low PV performance due to enhanced recombination through defect states. Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) is a promising thin-film solar cell material due to its direct tunable bandgap, high absorption coefficient, low effective electron and hole mass, and abundant constituent elements. Among them, magnetron sputtering or selenization technology is widely used to catch up with the development of preparing large-area CIGS thin-film solar cells because of its uniform film composition and simple process. However, the use of toxic gases such as H2Se and H2S and the difficulty in forming gradient bandgaps limit their development. In this work, the “V” Ga gradient classification of the absorbing layer of CIGS solar cells is realized by sputtering CuGaSe2 (CGS) thin layers of different thickness values in the room temperature layer by sputtering and selenium-free methods of quaternary target sputtering. Firstly, the microstructure of the film is characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and when the CGS layer is located in the middle of the low-temperature layer, the grain size of the film is the largest, the crystallinity is the best, forming a “V-shaped” structure of CGI on the back of the absorbing layer. Subsequently, IV and external quantum efficiency (EQE) tests show that the optimized cell efficiency is as high as 15.04%, and the light response intensity is enhanced in the 300 －1200 nm band. Finally, the admittance spectrum(AS) test shows that the defect energy level of the solar cell changes from InGa defect to VCu defect of lower energy level, and the defect density decreases from 7.04×1015 cm–3 to 5.51×1015 cm–3. This is comparable to the recording efficiency of the current single-target magnetron sputtering CIGS solar cells, demonstrating good application prospects.
Temporally resolved early bone morphogenetic protein-driven transcriptional cascade during human amnion specification
Authors: Sekulovski Nikola , Wettstein Jenna C , Carleton Amber E , Juga Lauren N , Taniguchi Linnea E , Ma Xiaolong , Rao Sridhar , Schmidt Jenna K , Golos Thaddeus G , Lin Chien-Wei , Taniguchi Kenichiro
Published: July 2024

Amniogenesis, a process critical for continuation of healthy pregnancy, is triggered in a collection of pluripotent epiblast cells as the human embryo implants. Previous studies have established that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is a major driver of this lineage specifying process, but the downstream BMP-dependent transcriptional networks that lead to successful amniogenesis remain to be identified. This is, in part, due to the current lack of a robust and reproducible model system that enables mechanistic investigations exclusively into amniogenesis. Here, we developed an improved model of early amnion specification, using a human pluripotent stem cell-based platform in which the activation of BMP signaling is controlled and synchronous. Uniform amniogenesis is seen within 48 hr after BMP activation, and the resulting cells share transcriptomic characteristics with amnion cells of a gastrulating human embryo. Using detailed time-course transcriptomic analyses, we established a previously uncharacterized BMP-dependent amniotic transcriptional cascade, and identified markers that represent five distinct stages of amnion fate specification; the expression of selected markers was validated in early post-implantation macaque embryos. Moreover, a cohort of factors that could potentially control specific stages of amniogenesis was identified, including the transcription factor TFAP2A. Functionally, we determined that, once amniogenesis is triggered by the BMP pathway, TFAP2A controls the progression of amniogenesis. This work presents a temporally resolved transcriptomic resource for several previously uncharacterized amniogenesis states and demonstrates a critical intermediate role for TFAP2A during amnion fate specification.
Spatiotemporal changes in Netrin/Dscam1 signaling dictate axonal projection direction in Drosophila small ventral lateral clock neurons
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Wang Yuedong , Liu Xian , Han Junhai , Tian Yao
Published: July 2024

Axon projection is a spatial- and temporal-specific process in which the growth cone receives environmental signals guiding axons to their final destination. However, the mechanisms underlying changes in axonal projection direction without well-defined landmarks remain elusive. Here, we present evidence showcasing the dynamic nature of axonal projections in Drosophila’s small ventral lateral clock neurons (s-LNvs). Our findings reveal that these axons undergo an initial vertical projection in the early larval stage, followed by a subsequent transition to a horizontal projection in the early-to-mid third instar larvae. The vertical projection of s-LNv axons correlates with mushroom body calyx expansion, while the s-LNv-expressed Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam1) interacts with Netrins to regulate the horizontal projection. During a specific temporal window, locally newborn dorsal clock neurons secrete Netrins, facilitating the transition of axonal projection direction in s-LNvs. Our study establishes a compelling in vivo model to probe the mechanisms of axonal projection direction switching in the absence of clear landmarks. These findings underscore the significance of dynamic local microenvironments in the complementary regulation of axonal projection direction transitions.
Zener Effect
Authors: Buot Felix A.
Published: January 2014

Zener effect is discussed focusing on the energy‐band theory of solids, especially on the two‐band models. Various applications to semiconductor devices in electric or magnetic fields are given. Application to one of emerging nanoelectronic devices is given more detailed discussion. However, the effect is more general which has to do with adiabatic and diabatic (non‐adiabatic) transitions in quantum dynamics. It is also related to the modern concept of Berry phase in quantum mechanics that has become the basis of the emerging research area and vigorous interest on geometric Landau‐Zener‐ Stückelberg‐Majorana interferometry.
Wind stress and near‐surface shear in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Wenegrat Jacob O. , McPhaden Michael J. , Lien Ren‐Chieh
Published: January 2014

The upper ocean response to wind stress is examined using 8 months of unique near‐surface moored velocity, temperature, and salinity data at 0°N, 23°W in the equatorial Atlantic. The effects of wind stress and shear on the time‐varying eddy viscosity are inferred using the surface shear‐stress boundary condition. Parameterizations of eddy viscosity as a function of wind stress and shear versus wind stress alone are then examined. In principle, eddy viscosity should be proportional to the inverse shear, but how it is represented implicitly or explicitly can affect estimates of the near‐surface flow field. This result may explain some discrepancies that have arisen from using parameterizations based only on wind stress to characterize the effects of turbulent momentum mixing.
Adler, Freda
Authors: Rennison Callie Marie
Published: January 2014

Freda Adler is frequently described as the most distinguished female criminologist in the field based on a lifetime of important contributions in criminology and criminal justice. While her influence on the field is enormous, one of her greatest contributions was to bring attention to feminist theory primarily through the publication of
Sisters in crime: The rise of the new female criminal
. By doing so, Adler's contributions changed criminology by ushering in a new and (at the time) controversial way of viewing female deviants and offenders. This attention has not diminished as research on females as deviants and offenders continues to be an active area of research today.
Low heart rate as a risk factor for child and adolescent proactive aggressive and impulsive psychopathic behavior
Authors: Raine Adrian , Fung Annis Lai Chu , Portnoy Jill , Choy Olivia , Spring Victoria L.
Published: January 2014

Although low resting heart rate has been viewed as a well‐replicated biological correlate of child and adolescent antisocial behavior, little is known about how it interacts with psychosocial adversity in predisposing to both reactive–proactive aggression and psychopathy, and whether this relationship generalizes to an East Asian population. This study tests the hypothesis that low resting heart rate will be associated with aggression and psychopathic traits, and that heart rate will interact with adversity in predisposing to these antisocial traits. Resting heart rate was assessed in 334 Hong Kong male and female schoolchildren aged 11–17 years. A social adversity index was calculated from a psychosocial interview of the parent, while parents assessed their children on the Reactive–Proactive Aggression Questionnaire and the Antisocial Personality Screening Device. Low resting heart rate was significantly associated with higher proactive aggression, impulsive features of psychopathy, and total child psychopathy. Low resting heart rate interacted with high psychosocial adversity in explaining higher reactive (but not proactive) aggression, as well as impulsive psychopathy. These findings provide support for a biosocial perspective of reactive aggression and impulsive psychopathy, and document low resting heart rate as a robust correlate of both childhood impulsive psychopathic behavior and proactive aggression. To our knowledge, this study is the first to document low resting heart rate as a correlate of child psychopathy and the second to establish low heart rate as a risk factor of antisocial behavior in an East Asian population. The findings provide further evidence for both low resting heart rate as a potential biomarker for childhood psychopathic and aggressive behavior, and also a biosocial perspective on childhood antisocial behavior. Aggr. Behav. 40:290–299, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transition Metal‐Mediated Direct CH Arylation of Heteroarenes Involving Aryl Radicals
Authors: Bonin Hélène , Sauthier Mathieu , Felpin François‐Xavier
Published: January 2014

This review gives an overview of the generation of aryl radicals, mediated by transition metals, and their use for the CH arylation of heteroarenes. The different sources of aromatic derivatives able to generate aryl radicals via a metal‐assisted reduction or oxidation are discussed, with a critical view of the developed systems. The radical arylations of nitrogen‐, oxygen‐ or sulfur‐containing heterocycles are then described and mechanistic considerations are discussed as well.

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Effect of hydrodynamic forces on virus removal capability of Planova™ filters
Authors: Yamamoto Aguru , Hongo‐Hirasaki Tomoko , Uchi Yukihiko , Hayashida Hirohisa , Nagoya Fujiharu
Published: January 2014

Virus removal processes are extremely important to biological product safety. This study gives a detailed description of the virus removal mechanisms of Planova™ filters. These include the following: (1) Mechanism 1: size exclusion, (2) Mechanism 2: constraint by hydrodynamic forces, and (3) Mechanism 3: multistep filtration. The process was studied through the dynamic perspective of virus movement using simulations and experiments. Our results show that Mechanism 2 and Brownian motion are key factors in virus removal of size exclusion‐based filtration and can be evaluated by Peclet number. The addition of dynamic perspective makes it possible to describe macroscopic phenomena such as the effects of filtration pressure and solution viscosity on virus removal capabilities. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2286–2297, 2014
Bubble dynamics in a 3‐D gas–solid fluidized bed using ultrafast electron beam X‐ray tomography and two‐fluid model
Authors: Verma Vikrant , Padding Johan T. , Deen Niels G. , Kuipers J. A. M. (Hans) , Barthel Frank , Bieberle Martina , Wagner Michael , Hampel Uwe
Published: January 2014

Bubble characteristics in a three‐dimension gas‐fluidized bed (FB) have been measured using noninvasive ultrafast electron beam X‐ray tomography. The measurements are compared with predictions by a two‐fluid model (TFM) based on kinetic theory of granular flow. The effect of bed material (glass, alumina, and low linear density polyethylene (LLDPE), dp ∼1 mm), inlet gas velocity, and initial particle bed height on the bubble behavior is investigated in a cylindrical column of 0.1‐m diameter. The bubble rise velocity is determined by cross correlation of images from dual horizontal planes. The bubble characteristics depend highly upon the particle collisional properties. The bubble sizes obtained from experiments and simulations show good agreement. The LLDPE particles show high gas hold‐up and higher bubble rise velocity than predicted on basis of literature correlations. The bed expansion is relatively high for LLDPE particles. The X‐ray tomography and TFM results provide in‐depth understanding of bubble behavior in FBs containing different granular material types. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 1632–1644, 2014
Tradition over trend: Neighboring chimpanzee communities maintain differences in cultural behavior despite frequent immigration of adult females
Authors: Luncz Lydia V. , Boesch Christophe
Published: January 2014

The notion of animal culture has been well established mainly through research aiming at uncovering differences between populations. In chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus), cultural diversity has even been found in neighboring communities, where differences were observed despite frequent immigration of individuals. Female chimpanzees transfer at the onset of sexual maturity at an age, when the behavioral repertoire is fully formed. With immigrating females, behavioral variety enters the group. Little is known about the diversity and the longevity of cultural traits within a community. This study is building on previous findings of differences in hammer selection when nut cracking between neighboring communities despite similar ecological conditions. We now further investigated the diversity and maintenance of cultural traits within one chimpanzee community and were able to show high levels of uniformity in group‐specific behavior. Fidelity to the behavior pattern did not vary between dispersing females and philopatric males. Furthermore, group‐specific tool selection remained similar over a period of 25 years. Additionally, we present a study case on how one newly immigrant female progressively behaved more similar to her new group, suggesting that the high level of similarity in behavior is actively adopted by group members possibly even when originally expressing the behavior in another form. Taken together, our data support a cultural transmission process in adult chimpanzees, which leads to persisting cultural behavior of one community over time. Am. J. Primatol. 76:649–657, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Force–Spectrum Relations for Molecular Optical Force Probes
Authors: Stauch Tim , Dreuw Andreas
Published: January 2014

Force probes allow real‐time monitoring of forces acting in different regions of large molecules and are potentially suited for the investigation of structural changes occurring in macromolecules during, e. g., folding processes.1–10 Such information is crucial for the understanding of mechanochemical reactivity.2, 3, 6, 7 To this end, small molecular force probes can be incorporated into large molecules.2, 3, 11–13 Some of the available systems are based on mechanochromism, the change of the UV/Vis absorption spectrum of a molecule under mechanical stress.1, 14 Herein we propose the idea of using molecular force probes in which the point‐group symmetry is reduced as a result of mechanical deformation. This effect leads to significant and characteristic changes in the UV/Vis, IR, and Raman spectra of the deformed molecules, which were determined using computational methods. Beneficially, these changes are reversible and occur even if the applied forces are small.
Controlled release from magnetoliposomes aqueous suspensions exposed to a low intensity magnetic field
Authors: Spera Romina , Petralito Stefania , Liberti Micaela , Merla Caterina , d'Inzeo Guglielmo , Pinto Rosanna , Apollonio Francesca
Published: January 2014

Recently, the use of liposomes loaded with magnetic nanoparticles (magnetoliposomes, (MLs)) has been intensely growing as a new drug delivery system. With the use of alternating magnetic fields, it is possible to remotely control the delivery of a drug or any other macromolecule loaded inside the MLs. In this experiment, the release of a fluorescent dye from MLs is achieved through an alternating magnetic field of 20 kHz and amplitude below 100 A/m, and without a macroscopic temperature increase. Bioelectromagnetics. 35:309–312, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Zn, Mn, and Fe Hexammine and Hexakis(methylamine) Polychalcogenides — Ionic Compounds by Solvothermal Syntheses.
Authors: Kysliak Oleksandr , Beck Johannes
Published: January 2014

[Mn(NH3)6]Se3 (I), [Mn(MeNH2)6]Se4 (II), [M(NH3)6]S6 with M: Mn (III), Fe (IV), and Zn (V), [M(NH3)6]Se6 with M: Mn (VI) and Fe (VII) and two mixed sulfideselenides [Mn(MeNH2)6] (S5)0.15 (S1.57Se2.43)0.85 (VIII) and [Mn(NH3)6](S2.71Se2.29) (IX) are prepared by solvothermal reactions of Mn, Fe, and Zn with S or/and Se in liq.
ChemInform Abstract: Reciprocal Salt Flux Growth of LiFePO4 Single Crystals with Controlled Defect Concentrations.
Authors: Janssen Yuri , Santhanagopalan Dhamodaran , Qian Danna , Chi Miaofang , Wang Xiaoping , Hoffmann Christina , Meng Ying Shirley , Khalifah Peter G.
Published: January 2014

Large single crystals of LiFePO4 (up to 1 cm diagonal) are obtained besides Li3PO4 and Fe2ClPO4 by the flux growth method using Li3PO4, LiCl, FeCl2, and LiFePO4 as starting materials (graphite crucible, 810 °C, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Fluorination of β‐Ketoesters Using Tartrate Derived Bidentate Bioxazoline‐Cu(II) Complexes.
Authors: Balaraman Kaluvu , Vasanthan Ravichandran , Kesavan Venkitasamy
Published: January 2014

Tartaric acid derived bidentate bisoxazoline ligands are applied as catalysts for the NFSI promoted enantioselective fluorination of β‐keto esters (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Pyranoside Phosphite‐Pyridine Ligands to Enantioselective Metal‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitutions and Conjugate 1,4‐Additions.
Authors: Lega Mattteo , Margalef Jessica , Ruffo Francesco , Pamies Oscar , Dieguez Montserrat
Published: January 2014

A range of phosphite‐pyridine ligands is applied in various Pd‐catalyzed allylic substitution reactions as well as 1,4‐addition reactions with dialkylzincs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Stereospecific Preparation of (E)‐1‐Aryl‐F‐1,3‐butadienes.
Authors: Pedersen Scot D. , Burton Donald J.
Published: January 2014

In the presence of CuI and Pd(PPh3)4 as catalyst, title compounds are predominantly obtained as (E)‐isomers whereby, (Z)‐products are supposed to be formed during the isolation by isomerization.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Unsymmetrical 1,1‐Diaryl‐2,2‐difluoroethenes via Stepwise Coupling of 1,1‐Dibromo‐2,2‐difluoroethenes.
Authors: Fujita Takeshi , Suzuki Naoto , Ichitsuka Tomohiro , Ichikawa Junji
Published: January 2014

Optimum reaction conditions are studied for both steps of the two‐step synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,1‐diaryl‐2,2‐difluoroethenes (V).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Three‐Component Barbier‐Type Reaction for the Synthesis of β‐Nitroamines.
Authors: Soengas Raquel G. , Silva Artur M. S..
Published: January 2014

Various aldehydes including formaldehyde and sugaraldehydes react with bromonitromethane and p‐anisidine to form β‐nitroamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Trifluoromethylation of Unactivated Olefins: An Efficient and Practical Synthesis of α‐Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Ketones.
Authors: Deb Arghya , Manna Srimanta , Modak Atanu , Patra Tuhin , Maity Soham , Maiti Debabrata
Published: January 2014

An efficient and general method to access α‐CF3‐substituted ketones is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐2‐propyl Isocyanide (HMPI) as a New Convertible Isocyanide for the Ugi Four‐Component‐Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Oikawa Masato , Sugamata Yutaro , Chiba Manami , Fukushima Koichi , Ishikawa Yuichi
Published: January 2014

The successful use of isocyanide (IV) in Ugi four‐component reactions is shown.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Alcohols and Amines over Au—Pd/Resin in Water: Au/Pd Molar Ratios Switch the Reaction Pathways to Amides or Imines.
Authors: Zhang Tao , et al. et al.
Published: January 2014

The applied ASP‐catalyst can be reused four times without decrease of its catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Oxidative Cyclization of Acid Hydrazides to 2,5‐Disubstituted 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles Catalyzed by Bu4NI with t‐BuOOH as Oxidant.
Authors: Gao Peng , Wei Yunyang
Published: January 2014

An efficient and simple procedure for the synthesis of symmetrically as well as unsymmetrically substituted oxadiazoles (II) and (IV) via oxidative cyclization of acid hydrazides (I) or N‐acylhydrazones (III), resp., is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐1H‐1,2,3,4‐tetrazoles Using FeCl3—SiO2 Catalysis under Conventional and Ultrasound Irradiation Conditions.
Authors: Habibi Davood , Mostafaee Samaneh , Mehrabi Leila
Published: January 2014

The first example of an efficient ultrasound promoted one‐pot three‐component approach to the synthesis of 1‐aryltetrazoles (III) (11 examples) is given.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Quinalone‐3‐(N‐phenylpyrazoles) and Quinalone‐3‐cyclohexadienone Derivatives
Authors: Darsi S. S. Praveen Kumar , Kumar K. Shiva , Devi B. Rama , Naidu A. , Dubey P. K.
Published: January 2014

based on acid‐catalyzed condensation reactions of chalcone derivatives (I) with phenylhydrazine and acetoacetanilide (V), respectively
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quinoline‐Pyrazoline Based Thiazole Derivatives Endowed with Antimicrobial Activity.
Authors: Desai N. C. , Joshi Vivek V. , Rajpara Kiran M. , Vaghani Hasit V. , Satodiya Hitesh M.
Published: January 2014

A new series of quinolinylpyrazolinylthiazole derivatives (V) (12 examples) is synthesized from chalcones (I).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Polyhydroquinolines Using Basic Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Raghuvanshi Dushyant Singh , Singh Krishna Nand
Published: January 2014

[bmim]OH is found to be an effective catalyst for the synthesis of polyhydroquinolines (IV) (15 examples) via a four‐component Hantzsch reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Spectral Characterization of Two Novel Quinolyl Substituted Triazoles.
Authors: Shen Guo‐Ping , Jiang Jing‐Jing , Sun Feng , Shen Xuan , Zhu Dun‐Ru , Liu Xiao‐Qin
Published: January 2014

Triazole (VI) is obtained under solvothermal conditions, whereas triazole (VII) is prepared by a solution method.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Multisubstituted Isoquinoline and Pyridine N‐Oxides from Oximes and Diazo Compounds.
Authors: Shi Zhuangzhi , Koester Dennis C. , Boultadakis‐Arapinis Melissa , Glorius Frank
Published: January 2014

This is the first Rh‐catalyzed method for the synthesis of isoquinoline and pyridine N‐oxides with an arylic or vinylic C—H activation as cyclization‐initiating step.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Cascade Cycloaddition for C—N Bond Formation: An Approach to the Construction of 1,4,5,6‐Tetrahydropyrimidine and 2‐Imidazoline Derivatives.
Authors: An Shujuan , Yin Bing , Liu Ping , Li Xiangnan , Li Chen , Li Jianli , Shi Zhen
Published: January 2014

Pyrimidine and imidazoline derivatives are prepared via a cascade cycloaddition reaction of diamines with nitriles under microwave irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: A Noncatalytic Approach to Hetaryl‐Annulated 1,2,4‐Thiadiazine‐1,1‐dioxides.
Authors: Cherepakha Artem , Kovtunenko Vladimir O. , Tolmachev Andrey , Lukin Oleg
Published: January 2014

Functionalized pyrido‐, pyrimido‐, and thiazothiadiazine dioxides are synthesized in one or two steps under considerably mild and non‐catalytic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereoselective Route to 6‐Substituted Pyrrolo‐1,5‐benzoxazepinones and Their Analogues.
Authors: Brindisi Margherita , Gemma Sandra , Alfano Gloria , Kshirsagar Giridhar , Novellino Ettore , Campiani Giuseppe , Butini Stefania
Published: January 2014

A novel and convenient stereoselective path for the preparation of pyrrolo‐1,5‐benzoxazepinones (PBOs) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Glycosyl Disulfides Containing an α‐Glycosidic Linkage.
Authors: Smith Raymond , Zeng Xiaojun , Mueller‐Bunz Helge , Zhu Xiangming
Published: January 2014

A wide range of symmetrical and unsymmetrical glycosyl disulfides are synthesized with focus on the use of α‐glycosyl thiols.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile H2SO4—SiO2‐Catalyzed Ferrier Rearrangement of 3,4,6‐Tri‐O‐benzyl‐D‐glucal
Authors: Zhang Jianbo , Zhang Bo , Zhou Jiafen , Chen Heshan , Li Juan , Yang Guofang , Wang Zhongfu , Tang Jie
Published: January 2014

15 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Phenguignardic Acid, a Phytotoxic Metabolite of Guignardia bidwellii
Authors: Stoye Alexander , Kowalczyk Danuta , Opatz Till
Published: January 2014

is realized in eight steps starting from (R)‐phenyllactic acid and 3‐phenylprop‐2‐ynol