bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis E virus infection in 6-month-old pigs in Taiwan
Authors: Liao Ming-Hui , Wu Fang-Tzy , Bai Huimin , Doan Yen Hai , Yang Jyh-Yuan , Takeda Naokazu , Muramatsu Masamichi , Li Tian-Cheng
Published: October 2020

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of acute hepatitis E. Genotype 3 (G3) and 4 (G4) HEV have recently been identified in and isolated from swine as the main HEV genotypes worldwide. However, there is limited information on HEV infection status among pigs in Taiwan, especially pigs in the stage before transportation to the slaughterhouse. To determine the frequency of HEV infection among pigs in Taiwan, we detected and quantified HEV RNA contained in 295 fecal specimens collected from 6-month-old pigs bred in 30 pig farms located in 8 counties. We found that 25.1% (74/295) of the fecal specimens were positive for HEV RNA by a quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and the copy number ranged from 2.3 × 103 to 2.08 × 107 copies/g. Amplification of a 338 bp sequence in ORF2 was achieved in 16 of 74 HEV RNA-positive samples, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Two HEV sequences appeared to belong to subtype 3a of G3 and the remaining 14 HEV sequences belonged to subtype 4b of G4 (G4b). The entire genome sequence of two G4b HEVs was obtained by next-generation sequence analyses, and the phylogenetic analyses indicated that unique G4b HEVs were circulating in pig farms in Taiwan. In the present study, we found that both G3 and G4 HEVs were circulating in Taiwanese pig farms and G4b was the predominant subtype. In addition, the relatively high detection frequency of HEV RNA in the 6-month-old pigs indicated that Taiwanese pigs just before transportation to the slaughterhouse are at risk of carrying HEVs, and thus thorough cooking or heating of pork meat or organs is needed before consumption in Taiwan and possibly in other countries as well.
Two genetic variants explain the association of European ancestry with multiple sclerosis risk in African-Americans
Authors: Nakatsuka Nathan , Patterson Nick , Patsopoulos Nikolaos A. , Altemose Nicolas , Tandon Arti , Beecham Ashley H. , McCauley Jacob L. , Isobe Noriko , Hauser Stephen , De Jager Philip L. , Hafler David A. , Oksenberg Jorge R. , Reich David
Published: October 2020

Epidemiological studies have suggested differences in the rate of multiple sclerosis (MS) in individuals of European ancestry compared to African ancestry, motivating genetic scans to identify variants that could contribute to such patterns. In a whole-genome scan in 899 African-American cases and 1155 African-American controls, we confirm that African-Americans who inherit segments of the genome of European ancestry at a chromosome 1 locus are at increased risk for MS [logarithm of odds (LOD) = 9.8], although the signal weakens when adding an additional 406 cases, reflecting heterogeneity in the two sets of cases [logarithm of odds (LOD) = 2.7]. The association in the 899 individuals can be fully explained by two variants previously associated with MS in European ancestry individuals. These variants tag a MS susceptibility haplotype associated with decreased CD58 gene expression (odds ratio of 1.37; frequency of 84% in Europeans and 22% in West Africans for the tagging variant) as well as another haplotype near the FCRL3 gene (odds ratio of 1.07; frequency of 49% in Europeans and 8% in West Africans). Controlling for all other genetic and environmental factors, the two variants predict a 1.44-fold higher rate of MS in European-Americans compared to African-Americans.
Application of an abstract concept across magnitude dimensions by fish
Authors: Miletto Petrazzini Maria Elena , Brennan Caroline H.
Published: October 2020

Mastering relational concepts and applying them to different contexts presupposes abstraction capacities and implies a high level of cognitive sophistication. One way to investigate extrapolative abilities is to assess cross-dimensional application of an abstract relational magnitude rule to new domains. Here we show that angelfish initially trained to choose either the shorter of two lines in a spatial task (line-length discrimination task) or the array with “fewer” items (numerical discrimination task) spontaneously transferred the learnt rule to novel stimuli belonging to the previously unseen dimension demonstrating knowledge of the abstract concept of “smaller”. Our finding challenges the idea that the ability to master abstract magnitude concepts across domains is unique to humans and suggests that the circuits involved in rule learning and magnitude processing might be evolutionary conserved.
Environmentally friendly comprehensive hydrometallurgical method development for neodymium recovery from mixed rare earth aqueous solutions using organo-phosphorus derivatives
Authors: Arellano Ruiz Verónica Cristina , Kuchi Rambabu , Parhi Pankaj Kumar , Lee Jin-Young , Jyothi Rajesh Kumar
Published: October 2020

Rare earth elements (REEs) have obtained a greatest significant in human lives owing to their important roles in various high technology applications. The present method development was deal technology important REEs such as neodymium, terbium and dysprosium, selective extraction with possible separation and recovery studies, successfully. The chloride mediated mixed aqueous solution containing 1500 mg/L each of REEs such as Nd, Tb and Dy was subjected at selective separation of Nd from other associated REEs. Three organo-phosphorous based commercial extracting agents such as Cyanex 272, PC 88A and D2EHPA, were employed for the extraction, possible separation and recovery of rare earth elements. A comparative extraction behavior of all these three extractants as function of time, pH influence, extractant concentration, temperature and diluents were systematically investigated. The extraction tendency of organo-phosphorus reagents towards the extraction of either of the REEs follows of the sequence as: D2EHPA > PC 88A > Cyanex 272. The thermodynamic behavior of either of the extractants on liquid–liquid extraction processing of REEs was investigated and thermodynamic calculations were calculated and presented. Substantial recovery of neodymium oxalate followed by its calcined product as neodymium oxide was ascertained from XRD study and SEM–EDS analysis.
Local structure and electrochemical performances of sulfurized polyethylene glycol after heat treatment
Authors: Takeichi Nobuhiko , Kojima Toshikatsu , Senoh Hiroshi , Ando Hisanori
Published: October 2020

Designing a high-capacity positive electrode material is critical for the advancement of lithium-ion batteries. Sulfurized polyethylene glycol (SPEG), containing ca. 61 wt% of sulfur, is a promising positive electrode material that exhibits a large initial discharge capacity of more than 800 mAh g−1. In this study, we present the local structure and electrochemical performances of SPEG. A high-energy X-ray total scattering experiment revealed that sulfur in SPEG is predominantly fragmented and bound to carbon atoms. The changes in the physicochemical properties of SPEG due to heat treatment with nitrogen gas at various temperatures were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray absorption near edge structure, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure. Comparing the electrochemical performances of SPEG after heat treatment at various temperatures, it was found that S–S and C=S bonds contribute to the overall electrochemical performance of SPEG.
Systemic and respiratory T-cells induced by seasonal H1N1 influenza protect against pandemic H2N2 in ferrets
Authors: van de Ven Koen , de Heij Femke , van Dijken Harry , Ferreira José A. , de Jonge Jørgen
Published: October 2020

Traditional influenza vaccines primarily induce a narrow antibody response that offers no protection against heterosubtypic infections. Murine studies have shown that T cells can protect against a broad range of influenza strains. However, ferrets are a more potent model for studying immune correlates of protection in influenza infection. We therefore set out to investigate the role of systemic and respiratory T cells in the protection against heterosubtypic influenza A infections in ferrets. H1N1-priming induced systemic and respiratory T cells that responded against pandemic H2N2 and correlated with reduced viral replication and disease. CD8-positive T cell responses in the upper and lower respiratory tract were exceptionally high. We additionally confirmed that H2N2-responsive T cells are present in healthy human blood donors. These findings underline the importance of the T cell response in influenza immunity and show that T cells are a potent target for future universal influenza vaccines.
The E3 ubiquitin ligase HectD3 attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and inflammation in mice
Authors: Rangrez Ashraf Yusuf , Borlepawar Ankush , Schmiedel Nesrin , Deshpande Anushka , Remes Anca , Kumari Manju , Bernt Alexander , Christen Lynn , Helbig Andreas , Jungmann Andreas , Sossalla Samuel , Tholey Andreas , Müller Oliver J. , Frank Derk , Frey Norbert
Published: October 2020

Myocardial inflammation has recently been recognized as a distinct feature of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. HectD3, a HECT domain containing E3 ubiquitin ligase has previously been investigated in the host defense against infections as well as neuroinflammation; its cardiac function however is still unknown. Here we show that HectD3 simultaneously attenuates Calcineurin-NFAT driven cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the pro-inflammatory actions of LPS/interferon-γ via its cardiac substrates SUMO2 and Stat1, respectively. AAV9-mediated overexpression of HectD3 in mice in vivo not only reduced cardiac SUMO2/Stat1 levels and pathological hypertrophy but also largely abolished macrophage infiltration and fibrosis induced by pressure overload. Taken together, we describe a novel cardioprotective mechanism involving the ubiquitin ligase HectD3, which links anti-hypertrophic and anti-inflammatory effects via dual regulation of SUMO2 and Stat1. In a broader perspective, these findings support the notion that cardiomyocyte growth and inflammation are more intertwined than previously anticipated.
Organic acid shift reagents for the discrimination of carbohydrate isobars by ion mobility-mass spectrometry
Authors: McKenna Kristin R. , Li Li , Krishnamurthy Ramanarayanan , Liotta Charles L. , Fernández Facundo M.
Published: October 2020

Traveling wave and drift tube ion mobility were utilized to separate isomeric disaccharides. Organic acid shift reagents were necessary to increase the resolution of these separations for mixture analysis.
Recent progress in extrusion 3D bioprinting of hydrogel biomaterials for tissue regeneration: a comprehensive review with focus on advanced fabrication techniques
Authors: Askari Mohsen , Afzali Naniz Moqaddaseh , Kouhi Monireh , Saberi Azadeh , Zolfagharian Ali , Bodaghi Mahdi
Published: October 2020

Over the last decade, 3D bioprinting has received immense attention from research communities to bridge the divergence between artificially engineered tissue constructs and native tissues.
Rongalite as a sulfone source: a novel copper-catalyzed sulfur dioxide anion incorporation process
Authors: Chen Xiang-Long , Tang Bo-Cheng , He Cai , Ma Jin-Tian , Zhuang Shi-Yi , Wu Yan-Dong , Wu An-Xin
Published: October 2020

A novel copper-catalyzed sulfur dioxide anion incorporation cascade for the synthesis of 1-thiaflavanone sulfones has been disclosed using rongalite as an economic and safe sulfone source.
Theoretical equilibrium shape of hydroxyapatite, revised
Authors: Aquilano D. , Bruno M. , Ghignone S. , Pastero L.
Published: October 2020

The theoretical equilibrium shape of the monoclinic hydroxyapatite crystal is revised, having taken into account, for the first time, a new set of {h0l} pinacoids: {101̄}, {102} and {1̄04}.
Stability, deformation and rupture of Janus oligomer enabled self-emulsifying water-in-oil microemulsion droplets
Authors: Fu Yuequn , Xiao Senbo , Liu Siqi , Wu Jianyang , Wang Xiao , Qiao Lijie , Zhang Zhiliang , He Jianying
Published: October 2020

The use of counter forces on the water core and the surfactant shell probed the mechanical stability of microemulsion droplets at different ambient temperatures.
Specific and non-specific interactions between metal cations and zwitterionic alanine tripeptide in saline solutions reported by the symmetric carboxylate stretching and amide-II vibrations
Authors: Zhao Juan , Wang Jianping
Published: October 2020

How metal cations are gathering around a charge peptide can be viewed and differentiated by sensitive peptide infrared vibrations.
Detailed kinetics of hydrogen abstraction from trans-decalin by OH radicals: the role of hindered internal rotation treatment
Authors: Mai Tam V.-T. , Huynh Lam K.
Published: October 2020

The detailed kinetic mechanism of the trans-decalin + OH reaction is firstly investigated for a wide range of conditions (T = 200–2000 K & P = 0.76–76000 Torr) using the M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ level and stochastic RRKM-based Master equation rate model.
Simultaneous cyclic deracemisation and stereoinversion of alcohols using orthogonal biocatalytic oxidation and reduction reactions
Authors: Nafiu Sodiq A. , Takahashi Masateru , Takahashi Etsuko , Hamdan Samir M. , Musa Musa M.
Published: October 2020

We developed a concurrent cyclic deracemisation approach for secondary alcohols that combines a non-stereospecific oxidation step and a stereoselective reduction step using two mutants of TeSADH that exhibit various extents of stereoselectivities.
Organic matter influences transformation products of ferrihydrite exposed to sulfide
Authors: ThomasArrigo Laurel K. , Bouchet Sylvain , Kaegi Ralf , Kretzschmar Ruben
Published: October 2020

In the presence of sulfide, organic matter influences iron mineral transformation pathways and kinetics.
Quo vadisbiophotonics? Wearing serendipity and slow science as a badge of pride, and embracing biology
Authors: Schröder-Turk Gerd E.
Published: October 2020

The field of ‘biological and bio-inspired optics’ has led to a solid understanding of the materials properties of photonic and nanostructured biological materials. Future progress may result from a greater focus on living tissue and biology.
High-rate CO2sequestration using a novel venturi integrated photobioreactor and subsequent valorization to microalgal lipids
Authors: Dey Saptarshi , Bhattacharya Arghya , Kumar Pushpendar , Malik Anushree
Published: October 2020

A novel microbubble assisted photobioreactor has been reported for high-rate online CO2capture and co-optimized for application in enhanced microalgal growth, CO2bio-fixation and increased production of microalgal lipids for 4thgeneration biofuels.
Potential of gas-assisted time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry for improving the elemental characterization of complex metal-based systems
Authors: Priebe Agnieszka , Xie Tianle , Pethö Laszlo , Michler Johann
Published: October 2020

Enhancing the spatial resolution of TOF-SIMS, which provides 3D elemental distribution in combination with high sensitivity and molecular information, is currently one of the hottest topics in the field of chemical analysis at the nanoscale.
Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) for proteomic applications in oncology
Authors: Krasny Lukas , Huang Paul H.
Published: October 2020

Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) is a next generation proteomic methodology that generates permanent digital proteome maps offering highly reproducible retrospective analysis of cellular and tissue specimens.
A photoanode with plasmonic nanoparticles of earth abundant bismuth for photoelectrochemical reactions
Authors: Subramanyam Palyam , Deepa Melepurath , Raavi Sai Santosh Kumar , Misawa Hiroaki , Biju Vasudevanpillai , Subrahmanyam Challapalli
Published: October 2020

A wide range of technologies has been developed for producing hydrogen economically and in greener ways.
Constructing novel fiber electrodes with porous nickel yarns for all-solid-state flexible wire-shaped supercapacitors
Authors: Han Xuran , Zhu Jiahao , Lei Linna , Wang Yue , Lan Tian , Kang Chaoqun , Li Yi , Ma Yanwen
Published: October 2020

A novel scalable MnO2/rGO@PNY fiber electrode is developed for the fabrication of high performance all-solid-state flexible wire-shaped supercapacitors.
Supramolecular chiral surface of nickel sulfate hexahydrate crystals and its ability to chirally recognize enantiomers by adsorption data
Authors: Gus’kov Vladimir Yu. , Allayarova Darya A. , Garipova Gulnaz Z. , Pavlova Irina N.
Published: October 2020

The chiral recognition ability of the surface of α-NiSO4·6H2O was found using gas and liquid chromatography.
MixedN-aryl/alkyl substitution favours an unusual tautomer of near-infrared absorbing azacalixphyrins
Authors: Lavaud Lucien , Azarias Cloé , Canard Gabriel , Pascal Simon , Jacquemin Denis , Siri Olivier
Published: October 2020

This work depicts the synthesis of a new azacalixphyrin presenting both aryl and alkyl substituents. The joint experimental and theoretical study supports that the substitution pattern favour an unusual 5–7 tautomer.
Cucurbituril-assisted formation of tunable carbon dots from single organic precursors in water
Authors: Cao Shixian , Wang Pan , Zeng Xi , Tao Zhu , Ni Xin-Long
Published: October 2020

A facile method by utilizing the host–guest interaction of Q[n]s for the catalytic fabrication of CDs with high emitting qualities and a tunable particle size from a single organic precursor in water with high output has been demonstrated.
Surface and morphology analyses, and voltammetry studies for electrochemical determination of cerium(iii) using a graphene nanobud-modified-carbon felt electrode in acidic buffer solution (pH 4.0 ± 0.05)
Authors: Ravi Pavithra V. , Thangadurai Daniel T. , Nehru Kasi , Lee Yong Ill , Nataraj Devaraj , Thomas Sabu , Kalarikkal Nandakumar , Jose Jiya
Published: October 2020

GNB-modified – CF electrode was utilized to determine Ce3+with LoDca.2.60 μM.
Surface fibrillation ofpara-aramid nonwoven as a multi-functional air filter with ultralow pressure drop
Authors: Xu Kangli , Deng Jixia , Lin Rui , Zhang Heng , Ke Qinfei , Huang Chen
Published: October 2020

Apara-aramid nonwoven fiber, composed of both microfibers and nanofibers, has been loaded with CuO–CeO2to remove solid and gaseous pollutants.
Efficient polymer solar cells enabled by alkoxy-phenyl side-chain-modified main-chain-twisted small molecular acceptors
Authors: Zhao Baofeng , Wang Weiping , Xie Yuan , Zhao Heng , Wang Liuchang , Liu Sha , Xin Jingming , Cong Zhiyuan , Wu Haimei , Liang Quanbin , Ma Wei , Gao Chao , Wu Hongbin , Cao Yong
Published: October 2020

Alkoxy-phenyl-modified twisted NFAs with optimized film morphology achieve enhanced performances in polymer solar cells.
Layered double hydroxide derived NiAl-oxide hollow nanospheres for selective transfer hydrogenation with improved stability
Authors: Pan Zhengyi , Jiang Haibin , Gong Bingbing , Luo Rong , Zhang Wenhua , Wang Guang-Hui
Published: October 2020

Ni3Al1-oxide hollow nanospheres calcined at 800 °C (h-Ni3Al1-800) show excellent selectivity at full conversion and stability due to the formation of Nδ+-type (2 < δ < 3) acid–base pairs for selective transfer hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes.
Unusual magnetic ordering transitions in nanoscale biphasic LuFeO3: the role of the ortho–hexa phase ratio and the local structure
Authors: Chaturvedi Smita , Shyam Priyank , Shirolkar Mandar M. , S Swathi Krishna , Sinha Bhavesh , Caliebe Wolfgang , Kalinko Aleksandr , Srinivasan Gopalan , Ogale Satishchandra
Published: October 2020

Significant difference in the nanoscale magnetism of nanoparticles and nanofibres of biphasic LuFeO3.
Nonlocal pagerank
Authors: Cipolla Stefano , Durastante Fabio , Tudisco Francesco
Published: October 2020

In this work we introduce and study a nonlocal version of the PageRank. In our approach, the random walker explores the graph using longer excursions than just moving between neighboring nodes. As a result, the corresponding ranking of the nodes, which takes into account along-range interactionbetween them, does not exhibit concentration phenomena typical of spectral rankings which take into account just local interactions. We show that the predictive value of the rankings obtained using our proposals is considerably improved on different real world problems.
A mathematical modelling of frost growth dynamics on a surface of fin-and-tube air cooler
Authors: Marinyuk Boris T. , Belukov Sergei V. , Korolev Igor A.
Published: October 2020

A mathematical model was developed to predict the performance characteristics of fin-and-tube air coolers with plane fins, taking into account the temperature and humidity conditions, non-uniform thickness of the frost layer along the heat exchanger core, flow-pressure characteristics of the fans and the refrigerant superheat zone. The model was verified on the experimental data of air cooler performance in frosting conditions obtained by the authors in air temperature range from minus 6 to minus 20 ° C, and experimental data from independent researchers. The presented model predicts the cooling capacity and the overall heat transfer coefficient in the evaporator with error not exceeded 15%. It was found that during dry operating conditions of the air cooler, the refrigerant boiling temperature descent by 10 °C leads to a decrease in the overall heat transfer coefficient by 35%. The main reason of that is double decrease of the refrigerant mass velocity and the refrigerant-side heat transfer coefficient by 75%. The process of frost grow leads to an increase in overall thermal resistance in the studied air cooler by 30%, more than double increase in the aerodynamic resistance and decrease in cooling capacity by 15%.
Experimental study of the aircraft air cycle machine rotor dynamics on gas foil bearings
Authors: Tishhenko Igor Valerevich , Nikolaev Vitaliy Stanislavovich , Merkulov Vladislav Ivanovich
Published: October 2020

In this paper the results of the experimental research of the dynamics of the rotor of a four-wheeled aircraft air cycle machine on gas foil supports under conditions of vibration. The description of the experimental unit, measuring system, and methods of results processing is given. The rotor of the turbomachine is mounted on compliant gas foil journal bearings of the second generation. The rotor speed varied from 20000 to 32000 rpm. The cooling turbine was exposed to broadband random vibration with a mean square value of Vibro-acceleration up to 5 g. The influence of vibration load level, air supply temperature, amplitude-frequency characteristics of the turbine cooler case, and vibration equipment on the rotor dynamics was assessed.
Machine learning for filter pollution control
Authors: Krause Ralph , Oppelt Thomas , Friebe Christian , Döge Sabine , Herzog Ralf
Published: October 2020

Modern buildings usually have an air-tight envelope. Therefore mechanical ventilation is very often necessary. A crucial part of the system is the filter, which allows creating an atmosphere that is free of dust, aerosols, and pollen. As organic material accumulates on the filter surface, the risk of micro-organism growth rises. This may yield health issues especially for the occupants of buildings.

The method was implemented in both a test rig and the HVAC system supplying different laboratories with fresh air in order to aggregate data for different abnormal and normal operation conditions. Subsequent considerations focuses on the test-rig measurements. The machine learning algorithm was trained successfully to detect anomalies of the filter behavior.

Finally, the change intervals of the filter may be adapted to the real degree of pollution without the requirement for visual observation in order to provide best air conditions. This algorithm is part of a general strategy for machine-learning processes for HVAC systems.
Comparing the effects of solar-related and terrestrial drivers on the northern polar vortex
Authors: Salminen Antti , Asikainen Timo , Maliniemi Ville , Mursula Kalevi
Published: October 2020

Northern polar vortex experiences significant variability during Arctic winter. Solar activity contributes to this variability via solar irradiance and energetic particle precipitation. Recent studies have found that energetic electron precipitation (EEP) affects the polar vortex by forming ozone depleting NOxcompounds. However, it is still unknown how the EEP effect compares to variabilities caused by, e.g., solar irradiance or terrestrial drivers. In this study we examine the effects of EEP, solar irradiance, El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), volcanic aerosols and quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) on the northern wintertime atmosphere. We use geomagneticAp-index to quantify EEP activity, sunspot numbers to quantify solar irradiance, Niño 3.4 index for ENSO and aerosol optical depth for the amount of volcanic aerosols. We use a new composite dataset including ERA-40 and ERA-Interim reanalysis of zonal wind and temperature and multilinear regression analysis to estimate atmospheric responses to the above mentioned explaining variables in winter months of 1957–2017. We confirm the earlier results showing that EEP and QBO strengthen the polar vortex. We find here that the EEP effect on polar vortex is stronger and more significant than the effects of the other drivers in almost all winter months in most conditions. During 1957–2017 the considered drivers together explain about 25–35% of polar vortex variability while the EEP effect alone explains about 10–20% of it. Thus, a major part of variability is not due to the linear effect by the studied explaining variables. The positive EEP effect is particularly strong if QBO-wind at 30 hPa has been easterly during the preceding summer, while for a westerly QBO the EEP effect is weaker and less significant.
PMI: The Photospheric Magnetic Field Imager
Authors: Staub Jan , Fernandez-Rico German , Gandorfer Achim , Gizon Laurent , Hirzberger Johann , Kraft Stefan , Lagg Andreas , Schou Jesper , Solanki Sami K. , del Toro Iniesta Jose Carlos , Wiegelmann Thomas , Woch Joachim
Published: October 2020

We describe the design and the capabilities of the Photospheric Magnetic field Imager (PMI), a compact and lightweight vector magnetograph, which is being developed for ESA’s Lagrange mission to the Lagrange L5 point. After listing the design requirements and give a scientific justification for them, we describe the technical implementation and the design solution capable of fulfilling these requirements. This is followed by a description of the hardware architecture as well as the operations principle. An outlook on the expected performance concludes the paper.
Ein interessanter Fall: Exanthem bei akuter Niereninsuffizienz
Authors: Schreiner Sandra , Werner Schneider Stefan , Kath Wilhelm
Published: October 2020

Wir berichten über einen Patienten, der ein Exanthem im Sinne palpabler Purpura bei akuter Niereninsuffizienz zeigte. Die Histologie der Haut und direkte Immunfluoreszenz wiesen eine IgA-Vaskulitis nach. In der Urinuntersuchung zeigten sich Akanthozyten, die diagnostische Nierenbiopsie bestätigte den Verdacht einer begleitenden Glomerulonephritis. Unter hochdosierter Steroidtherapie kam es zur Besserung des Hautbefundes und der Retentionsparameter.
Zerebrale Venen- und Sinusthrombose
Authors: Masuhr Florian , Weimar Christian
Published: October 2020

Die zerebrale Venen- und Sinusthrombose (CVST) ist eine seltene Erkrankung der zerebralen venösen Blutleiter mit einer Inzidenz von etwa 2,8/100 000/Jahr bei Frauen im gebährfähigen Alter und etwa 1,3/100 000/Jahr in der allgemeinen Bevölkerung. Die häufigsten Risikofaktoren umfassen Wochenbett, eine orale hormonale Kontrazeption sowie Gerinnungsstörungen. Sowohl die venöse Angiografie mittels CT als auch MRT sind zum Nachweis einer CVST geeignet, wobei die MR-Angiografie vor allem für kleine kortikale venöse Thrombosen sensitiver ist.

In der Akutphase wird Heparin für alle Patienten mit CVST empfohlen, auch bei septischer Thrombose oder hämorrhagischer Infarzierung. Eine lokale Thrombolyse oder mechanische Thrombektomie konnte in einer Studie bei schwer betroffenen Patienten keinen Vorteil gegenüber einer Antikoagulation nachweisen. Patienten mit Hirndruck und drohender Einklemmung sollten umgehend eine Kraniotomie ohne Ausräumung einer Blutung oder eines Infarktgebietes erhalten.

Eine Behandlung mit Vitamin-K-Antagonisten nach der Akutphase wird für 3 bis 12 Monate empfohlen. Neue Antikoagulanzien wie Thrombin- oder Faktor-Xa-Antagonisten werden zunehmend als Alternative zu Vitamin-K-Antagonisten eingesetzt. Eine Langzeitantikoagulation wird nur bei Patienten mit schwerer Koagulopathie oder rezidivierenden venösen Thrombosen empfohlen.
Poor Perception of School Toilets and Increase of Functional Constipation
Authors: Laffolie Jande , Ibrahimi Gentiana , Zimmer Klaus-Peter
Published: October 2020

Objective A suggested mechanism of functional constipation (FC) is the refusal against painful bowel movements and a vicious circle of holding back stool, hardening, colonic dilatation and further painful defecation. The aim of this study is to describe perception of school toilets, prevalence of functional abdominal pain (FAP) and constipation in elementary schools.

Design and Setting All elementary schools in Giessen County, Germany were contacted. Parents received a questionnaire on perception of toilets and criteria of functional abdominal pain and constipation in two consecutive years.

Results 212 (76.5%) families responded the child would use the school toilet for passing urine always, commonly or regularly (ACR), only 92 (33.2%) did so for passing stool. 46 (16.6%) were always disgusted by their school toilets, further 145 (52.3%) reported to be disgusted commonly or regularly. 126 parents reported their child would retain stool to avoid using the school toilet (45.5%). Children who were disgusted by and avoided using the school toilet showed significant higher prevalence of abdominal pain ACR (23.6% vs. 11.2%, p=0.0103)

Conclusions Prevalence of abdominal pain and constipation is high and increased after one year. Negative perception of school toilets with consecutive avoidance behavior could be an important and improvable influence.
World Health Organization Classification of Odontogenic Tumors and Imaging Approach of Jaw Lesions
Authors: Siozopoulou Vasiliki , Vanhoenacker Filip M.
Published: October 2020

Tumors of the jaws represent a heterogeneous group of lesions that are classified histologically in the World Health Organization Classification of Odontogenic Tumors (2017). This article provides an update of the current nomenclature. The main role of imaging is to describe the precise location and extent of these lesions. Although characterization of imaging is often difficult due to overlapping characteristics, imaging is helpful to define which lesions should be referred for histologic examination and subsequent treatment planning. Location and density are the cardinal criteria for potential characterization on imaging. Radiologically, lesions may be radiolucent, radiopaque, or of mixed density. Additional criteria include lesion demarcation, morphology, cortical breakthrough, periosteal reaction, and adjacent soft tissue changes. Final lesion characterization is only definitive after interdisciplinary discussion and radiopathologic correlation. Correct diagnosis is obtained by a combination of the patient's age, lesion location, and clinical and radiologic presentation. It is important that all physicians use a uniform nomenclature.
Existe associação entre a eletroneuromiografia e a ultrassonografia no diagnóstico da Síndrome do Túnel do Carpo?
Authors: Paiva Filho Henver Ribeiro , Elias Bruno Adriano Borges , Salomão Junior Marlus Sérgio Borges , Paiva Valdênia Graças Nascimento , Oliveira Elias Felix , Rocha Murilo Antônio
Published: October 2020

Objetivo Verificar se existe associação entre os resultados da gravidade da eletroneuromiografia e a positividade da ultrassonografia no diagnóstico da síndrome do túnel do carpo.

Métodos Sessenta e oito pacientes foram incluídos no estudo, sendo 61 mulheres e 7 homens, com média de idade de 54,4 anos. Os resultados da ultrassonografia (positivo ou negativo) foram cruzados com os resultados da eletroneuromiografia (leve, moderado ou grave) e verificada a existência de associação.

Resultados Cento e trinta e seis mãos com suspeita ou sintomas de síndrome do túnel do carpo foram avaliadas. O diagnóstico ultrassonográfico positivo foi observado em 72 mãos e negativo em 64; 123 mãos apresentaram eletroneuromiografia positiva para síndrome do túnel do carpo e 13 apresentaram resultado negativo. O grau grave da eletroneuromiografia foi prevalente.

Conclusão Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre eletroneuromiografia e ultrassonografia (p < 0,05), sendo que a positividade da ultrassonografia foi maior para níveis mais graves de síndrome do túnel do carpo dados pela eletroneuromiografia.
Vestibular Neuritis in Patients Among Different Age Groups: Clinical Features and Outcomes
Authors: Yan Tao , Zong Fangru , Han Xiao , Wang Xiaojing , Li Qiuhong , Qiao Ruru , Zhang Hanbing
Published: October 2020

Abstract Background Patients with vestibular neuritis (VN) displayed differential prognosis despite of the same treatment. Thus, identifying unique characteristics in different populations and creating individually customized treatments are necessary. However,
studies about the clinical features according to different ages are scarce. Purpose This article compares the differences in VN patients among different age groups. Research Design A prospective study. Study Sample A total of 70 VN patients were
enrolled in the present study. Intervention All the patients started vestibular rehabilitation at the time of initial presentation to our clinic. They were followed up at 1-month intervals using the questionnaire until 4 months. Data Collection and Analysis Patients'
clinical data including clinical presentation, vestibular testing results, treatment, and recovery was collected and analyzed with Duncan's multiple range test, the sign test, and the Kruskal‐Wallis test using SPSS18.0. Results The mean age of the 70 patients was 47.2 ± 17.1,
ranging from 10 to 76 years old. The sex ratios (male:female) were 3.5 in the adolescent group, 0.643 in the young adult group, 1.375 in the middle-aged group, and 0.583 in the senior group. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus showed a significantly increasing trend from young
adults to the seniors (p < 0.05). The caloric response was statistically worse in the senior group than the other groups (p < 0.05). The abnormal rates for video head impulse test, vestibular-evoked myogenic potential, and vestibular autorotation
test did not differ significantly in different age groups. A significant difference between prerehabilitation and postrehabilitation total Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) scores was identified in all the groups (p < 0.05). The younger patients demonstrated a greater
improvement than patients in the senior group, meanwhile adolescents improved the most (p < 0.05). Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was the lowest in the adolescent group (p < 0.05). DHI score at acute stage was significantly correlated
with HADS (r = 0.597, p < 0.05). Conclusion The canal response was statistically better for younger patients compared with the elderly. The younger patients demonstrated a greater improvement than patients in the senior group, among
whom adolescents improved the most, meanwhile psychological factors played a minor role in adolescents. Self-perceived disability-handicap positively correlated with anxiety and depression in all patients.
Management of COVID-19-Positive Patient with Bilateral Longitudinal Petrous Fractures: A Case Report
Authors: Nagy Mohamed Ragab , Ibrahim Mohamed Abdelrahman
Published: October 2020

Temporal bone fractures are bilateral in 8 to 29% of cases. High index of suspicion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is important while dealing with any patient with special concern to the surgical and traumatized patients to reach a good patient outcome especially during the pandemic of COVID-19. We describe in this report the management of COVID-19-positive patient with bilateral longitudinal petrous fractures and moderate head injury.
Density functional theory calculation of helium segregation and decohesion effect in W110/Ni111 interphase boundary
Authors: Setyawan Wahyu
Published: October 2020

Density functional theory is employed to study the preferential distribution and decohesion effect of He in a W–NiFe composite consisting of W particles embedded in an Ni-based solid solution matrix. A slab containing {110}⟨100⟩W//{111}⟨110⟩Ni interface is used as a surrogate model for the W–NiFe system. First, the fracture energy of the W/Ni interphase boundary (IB) (4.37 J/m2) is higher than the cleavage energy of Ni{111} (3.82 J/m2) and lower than the cleavage energy of W{110} (6.60 J/m2). The comparison shows that the cohesion of the IB is stronger than the Ni{111} planes that are away from the IB. However, the cohesion between the Ni{111} planes adjacent to the IB is found to be the weakest in this system, with a cleavage energy of 3.11 J/m2. Subsequently, the formation energy of He is calculated in the Ni slab, W slab, and various interstitial sites in the IB. The calculations show that He is significantly more stable in Ni than in W by about 1.75 eV. Interestingly, He does not prefer to segregate at the IB as compared to bulk Ni. Nevertheless, it prefers to segregate to the region between the Ni{111} planes adjacent to the IB and decreases the cohesion of the already weakest region. Based on an estimated amount of He gas production in 5 years under first wall neutron irradiation (neutron flux of 1.04 × 1015 n/cm2/s), He will decrease the cleavage energy of the weakest region by 21.2%, 15.4%, and 12.2% at 800, 1000, and 1200 °C, respectively.
Stability results for elastic porous media swelling with nonlinear damping
Authors: Ramos A. J. A. , Freitas M. M. , Almeida D. S. , Noé A. S. , Santos M. J. Dos
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we consider a one-dimensional linear theory of swelling porous elastic soils damped with a single nonlinear feedback. We establish an exponential decay rate, using a multiplier method and some properties of convex functions without imposing any restrictive growth assumption near the origin on the damping term, provided that the wave speeds of the system are equal.
Studying the influence of single droplets on fuel/air ignition in a high-pressure shock tube
Authors: Niegemann Philipp , Herzler Jürgen , Fikri Mustapha , Schulz Christof
Published: October 2020

The interaction of fuel and lubricant droplets with gaseous fuel/air mixtures close to autoignition is relevant in the context of unwanted early autoignition in spark-ignition internal combustion (IC) engines. To study the influence of droplets on the ignition of fuel/air mixtures independent from the in-cylinder pressure/temperature history, the shock-tube technique in combination with an injection system was established, which enables the generation and injection of single droplets or droplet clusters of n-dodecane and lubricant base oil behind reflected shock waves at pressures and temperatures representative for the compression phase of IC engines. Injected droplets were imaged by high-repetition-rate laser-induced fluorescence. The ignition process was observed by imaging in the visible and UV simultaneously through the shock-tube end wall with a combination of color- and UV-sensitive high-repetition-rate cameras. It was found that the amount and composition of the injected liquid are important factors determining the extent of the interference with the ongoing autoignition of the premixed fuel/air bath gas. For a stoichiometric mixture of primary reference fuels (PRF95) in air, the droplets significantly accelerate ignition especially in the negative temperature coefficient regime at around 760 K. The comparison of the timing of local ignition and the occurrence of volumetric ignition indicates that only in cases where the surrounding gas is close to autoignition, the droplets can trigger early autoignition. This required temporal and spatial coincidence might explain the high level of randomness of early autoignition in engines.
Understanding noncovalent bonds and their controlling forces
Authors: Scheiner Steve
Published: October 2020

The fundamental underpinnings of noncovalent bonds are presented, focusing on the σ-hole interactions that are closely related to the H-bond. Different means of assessing their strength and the factors that control it are discussed. The establishment of a noncovalent bond is monitored as the two subunits are brought together, allowing the electrostatic, charge redistribution, and other effects to slowly take hold. Methods are discussed that permit prediction as to which site an approaching nucleophile will be drawn, and the maximum number of bonds around a central atom in its normal or hypervalent states is assessed. The manner in which a pair of anions can be held together despite an overall Coulombic repulsion is explained. The possibility that first-row atoms can participate in such bonds is discussed, along with the introduction of a tetrel analog of the dihydrogen bond.
Fragmentation and percolation thresholds in the degradation process of alpine meadow in the Three-River Headwaters region of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Lin Huilong , Zhang Feng
Published: October 2020

Understanding the process and mechanisms of alpine meadow degradation is crucial for restoration and management in the Three-River Headwaters region, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. However, little is known about this complex and controversial problem because identification and quantification of the underlying causes is difficult. This research aimed to build a spatiotemporal dynamical model for alpine meadow degradation, capturing the natural process of erosion at the interface of barren patches and undamaged meadow. The model clarified the role of barren patches and meadow connectivity in degradation, and identified the ecological mechanisms and processes accounting for the spatial and temporal pattern of degradation. A fragmentation and percolation threshold exists in the process of meadow degradation, independent of spatial scale. An impulsive differential equation was used to investigate the consequence of periodic restoration of degraded meadow. Both the level of meadow degradation and the restoration period play crucial roles in determining whether the meadow can be successfully restored. This research has demonstrated theoretically that the effectiveness of meadow restoration by periodic effort depends on the degree of degradation.
In vivo mRNA display enables large-scale proteomics by next generation sequencing
Authors: Oikonomou Panos , Salatino Roberto , Tavazoie Saeed
Published: October 2020

Significance

The need for mass-spectrometric determination of protein identity severely limits the throughput of many whole-cell proteomic analyses. We have developed an approach to physically connect in vivo-expressed proteins to their encoding messenger RNAs (mRNAs). This genotype–phenotype linkage enables us to carry out a variety of whole-proteome assays and determine the identity of each protein using nucleic acid sequencing. We show that the resulting in vivo mRNA display technology enables determination of protein subcellular localization and protein–protein interactions, with high sensitivity and specificity, using simple purification followed by high-throughput sequencing. In vivo mRNA display should enable more efficient interrogation of proteome behavior in a variety of applications that are currently limited by the cost and throughput of mass-spectrometric analysis.
America First populism, social volatility, and self-reported arrests
Authors: Levi Ron , Sendroiu Ioana , Hagan John
Published: October 2020

Significance

Using the 2016 American National Election Study, we develop comprehensive measures of the current populist moment in the United States. Our purpose is to develop a behavioral analysis of this current socially volatile moment. Using hierarchical modeling, we find that political narratives of America First populism are connected to reported lifetime criminal arrests, and this holds when taking into account political leanings or the economic precarity facing individuals. While we make no claims of causation, our findings provide important clues about the social volatility of the current moment. We find that political beliefs of America First express and reflect economic frustrations, and that the social boundaries these narratives draw against perceived outsiders and internationalism are associated with lifetime criminal arrests.
Molecular mechanism underlying selective inhibition of mRNA nuclear export by herpesvirus protein ORF10
Authors: Feng Han , Tian Huabin , Wang Yong , Zhang Qixiang , Lin Ni , Liu Songqing , Yu Yang , Deng Hongyu , Gao Pu
Published: October 2020

Significance

Nuclear export of host mRNAs is critical for proper cellular functions and survival. To mitigate this effort, viruses have evolved multiple strategies to inhibit this process. Distinct to the generally nonselective inhibition mechanisms, ORF10 from gammaherpesviruses blocks nuclear export of selective mRNAs by forming a complex with Rae1 (RNA export 1) and Nup98 (nucleoporin 98). Here we determine the structure of the ORF10–Rae1–Nup98 ternary complex and demonstrate that the intermolecular interactions are critical for both complex assembly and mRNA export inhibition. Moreover, we find that the ORF10-RNA direct interaction is important for ORF10-mediated mRNA export inhibition. This work is essential to understand the diversity of viral-mediated mRNA export inhibition and to design potential antiviral therapies.
The environmental impacts of religious tourism.
Authors: Shinde Kiran A. , Ols Daniel H.
Published: October 2020

This chapter sets the context for the other eleven chapters in this book by first briefly reviewing the literature between religion, tourism, and the environment, identifying gaps in the existing literature, and then presenting a conceptual model to understand the ecosystem of pilgrimage and religious tourism. The quick review of the existing literature around the key concepts of tourism, religion, and environment shows that while each of these areas has its own exploratory domains, the relationships between these concepts have received varying degrees of attention. Of these connections, tourism-environment relations have received the greatest amount of attention and yielded basic conceptual frameworks to understand these relationships. However, the role of religious values that influence both positive and negative impacts between tourism and the environment are largely missing. The connections between tourism and religion only sparingly discuss environmental aspects, and regarding the relationships between religion and environment, the appeal of nature and ethical calls for environmental stewardship are quite evident, but investigations into the actual interactions of the various aspects that underpin these relationships within the material world are still lacking.
Pilgrimage, religious tourism, biodiversity, and natural sacred sites.
Authors: Olsen Daniel H.
Published: October 2020

This chapter examines the impacts of pilgrimage and religious tourists on natural sacred sites. After discussing the views of the environment held by various religious groups and the tensions between secular and religious modes of environmentalism, definitions and different types of natural sacred sites are considered. Attention is then turned to examine how pilgrimage and religious tourism affect natural sacred sites, followed by a discussion of the management of sacred natural sites and their role in the preservation of biodiversity.