bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From fail to first: Revising assessment criteria in art and design
Authors: Harland Robert , Sawdon Phil
Published: April 2012

This article serves two purposes. First, it explains a review and development process for revising the application of assessment criteria for undergraduate art and design students in the United Kingdom. Second, it makes data generated by the process available for use by others. These
data consist of keywords used to locate student learning across the numerical scale of marking typically employed in higher education art and design assessment procedures, and six different ways that this numerical scale has been used. Additionally, student participation in the development
process is explained. Discussion about the process acknowledges the emergence of learning, meaning and identity in a social theory of learning, and the importance of assessment literacy in the development of pedagogical intelligence. The article will be of interest to those concerned with
the development of assessment criteria in art and design, and how this might be improved through consistent use and formatting of criteria for use in formative and summative feedback mechanisms.
Learner perceptions of assessment of creative products in communication design
Authors: Eshun Eric Francis , Graft-Johnson K. G. De
Published: April 2012

One major dilemma that appears not to help art and design students in their studio work is the assessment of creative outputs. Key issues inherent to assessment are who is carrying out the assessment and with what measure, especially when learners do not contribute to the assessment
processes. This study sampled 247 tertiary students (104 male and 143 female) for their perceptions of assessment of their creative project-based learning in the Department of Communication Design, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana. Data were sourced using a self-administered
questionnaire. Four themes emerged from the participants’ responses during data analysis: (1) perceptions on importance of creativity in graphic design, (2) relevance of creative process in creative production, (3) assessment and (4) assessment practice. Descriptive analysis was used
to evaluate students’ perceptions of creativity and its assessment, and to further investigate how their perceptions might affect their attitudes towards the creative process. Results indicated that students overwhelmingly appreciated the concept of creativity, and suggest that teachers
wishing to improve students’ attitudes towards the creative process and assessment of their creative projects, in general, should involve students in defining the learning outcomes and assessment criteria and involve them in the process. This study provides a pioneering work on how students
perceive the assessment of their creative projects, and opens the way for further assessment studies involving both instructors and students. The findings have implications for instructors of communication design and school administrators, particularly those in tertiary education.
Chopin's Rogue Pitches: Artifice, Personification, and the Cult of the Dandy in Three Later Mazurkas
Authors: Kramer Lawrence
Published: April 2012

Among Chopin's numerous musical identities is that of an important mid-nineteenth-century social type, the dandy: the young man of fashion characterized by a devotion to artifice and a fractious political energy masked by elegant mannerisms. This article seeks to ground the aesthetic of three of Chopin's later Mazurkas (the op. 59 set) in the cult of the dandy, especially as described by Charles Baudelaire; to identify the musical means Chopin devised to realize that aesthetic, namely the “rogue pitches” of my title; and to illustrate how these rogue pitches and the persona of the dandy inflect Chopin's later style.
Devotion and Defacement: Reading Children's Marginalia
Authors: Lerer Seth
Published: April 2012

The study of children's marginalia in manuscripts and printed books enables us to reassess traditional assumptions about bibliography, subjectivity, and the literary imagination in the English and American traditions. Commentaries, signatures, and scribbling defacements—together with fictional representations of young people writing in books—illustrate relationships among canonical authority, playful subversion, commodity value, and archival preservation that all contribute to (and may critique) our current fascination with book history as a discipline.
Cries Unheard, Sights Unseen: Writing the Eighteenth-Century Metropolis
Authors: Steedman Carolyn
Published: April 2012

A single, anonymous, compendious (and very strange) text from mid-eighteen-thcentury England is used to discuss historians' uses of literary evidence, and whether or not writing—from the past or from the historian's own time—can represent past reality.
The Transformation of the Río de la Plata and Bernini's Fountain of the Four Rivers in Rome
Authors: San Juan Rose Marie
Published: April 2012

In Gian Lorenzo Bernini's Four Rivers Fountain in Rome, the Río de la Plata, representing America, is shown not in the guise of an ancient river god, as is the case with the other rivers, but with a physiognomy increasingly associated with West Africa. This article considers the figure's changing visibility and invisibility, especially how early modern natural philosophy offered transformative modes of interpretation, which, when deployed in the 1651 pamphlets published for the fountain's inauguration, reveal a preoccupation with how the “Ethiopian's” multiple conversions and transitions brought him to the New World.
The Ranch House in Georgia: A Case for Collaboration
Authors: Reed Mary Beth
Published: April 2012

This essay introduces the agencies and firms that collaborated in the development of guidelines for the National Register of Historic Places evaluation of ranch houses in Georgia. Remarks from each provide an understanding of the process for this ground-breaking venture and afford a view into the ways in which public history is practiced.
Teaching with the Past at Old Sturbridge Village: An Interview with Alberta Sebolt George
Authors: Becker Jane , George Alberta Sebolt
Published: April 2012

In this interview, Alberta Sebolt George recounts her experiences as educator and administrator at Old Sturbridge Village (OSV), a living history museum, over a period of almost thirty years. George reflects on OSV's model for teacher/museum collaboration and the experiential learning opportunities offered in the living history context.
Translation and Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Perceived Workplace Environment Scale in Taiwanese Information Technology Professionals
Authors: Lin Yun‐Ping , Kao Tsui‐Sui Annie , Mccullagh Marjorie C. , Edington Dee W. , Larson Janet L.
Published: April 2012

Translation and Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Perceived Workplace Environment Scale in Taiwanese Information Technology Professionals: Yun‐Ping LIN, et al. School of Nursing, University of Michigan, USA—

Background

The six‐item Perceived Workplace Environment Scale (PWES) is a self‐report instrument designed to measure employees' perceptions of the extent to which their workplace environment supports employee physical activity. A Chinese version is needed to facilitate workplace physical activity research in Chinese speaking countries.

Objectives

This paper describes the translation process and the psychometric properties of the newly translated Chinese version of the PWES (PWES‐C).

Methods

The PWES in English was translated into Chinese using a modified committee approach with the consideration of cross‐cultural equivalence. Psychometric properties were examined by a cross‐sectional survey of 466 male and 109 female Taiwanese information technology (IT) professionals from three IT companies in northern Taiwan.

Results

Content validity of the newly translated PWES‐C was supported by a panel of experts. Internal consistency reliability was high (Cronbach's alpha=0.88), and no significant ceiling and floor effects were observed for the PWES‐C. Construct validity was supported by examining the factor structure of the PWES‐C using a confirmatory factor analysis, and the results suggest a single‐factor structure.

Conclusions

The PWES‐C is a reliable and valid measure of perceived workplace physical activity environments in Taiwanese IT professionals. The scale could be used by employers to document employees' perception of the workplace environment.
Work‐family Conflict and Burnout among Chinese Doctors: The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital
Authors: Wang Yang , Liu Li , Wang Jiana , Wang Lie
Published: April 2012

Work‐family Conflict and Burnout among Chinese Doctors: The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital: Yang WANG, et al. Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, P.R. China—

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between work‐family conflict and burnout, and the mediating role of psychological capital (PsyCap) in the relation between work‐family conflict and burnout, among Chinese doctors.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was performed during the period of September/October 2010. A questionnaire that comprised work‐family conflict assessed by the work‐family conflict scale, PsyCap assessed by the PCQ‐24 scale and burnout assessed by the Maslach Burnout Inventory‐General Survey (MBI‐GS), as well as age and gender, was distributed to 1,300 doctors in Liaoning Province, China. A total of 1,011 effective respondents became our final study subjects. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed by using SPSS 17.0 to explore the mediating role of PsyCap in the relation between work‐family conflict and burnout.

Results

Both work interfering family conflict (WIF) and family interfering work conflict (FIW) were positively related with emotional exhaustion and cynicism among both male and females doctors. However, WIF was positively related with professional efficacy only among male doctors, whereas FIW was negatively related with professional efficacy among both male and female doctors. PsyCap partially mediated the relation between WIF and professional efficacy among male doctors and partially mediated the relations of FIW with emotional exhaustion, cynicism and professional efficacy among female doctors.

Conclusions

Work‐family conflict was associated with burnout among Chinese doctors. PsyCap was a mediator between work‐family conflict and burnout. PsyCap might be a positive resource to reduce the negative effect of work‐family conflict on burnout of doctors, especially female doctors, in China.
Prevalence of common mental disorders in mothers in the semiarid region of Alagoas and its relationship with nutritional status
Authors: Paffer Adriana Toledo de , Ferreira Haroldo da Silva , Cabral Júnior Cyro Rego , Miranda Claudio Torres de
Published: April 2012

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Compromised maternal mental health (MMH) is considered to be a risk factor for child malnutrition in low income areas. Psychosocial variables associated with MMH are potentially different between urban and rural environments. The aim here was to investigate whether associations existed between MMH and selected sociodemographic risk factors and whether specific to urban or rural settings. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study on a representative population sample of mothers from the semiarid region of Alagoas. METHODS: Multistage sampling was used. The subjects were mothers of children aged up to 60 months. MMH was evaluated through the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20. Mothers' nutritional status was assessed using the body mass index and waist circumference. Univariate analysis used odds ratios (OR) and chi-square. Logistic regression was performed separately for urban and rural subsamples using MMH as the dependent variable. RESULTS: The sample comprised 288 mothers. The prevalences of common mental disorders (CMD) in rural and urban areas were 56.2% and 43.8%, respectively (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.64-1.63). In univariate analysis and logistic regression, the variable of education remained associated with MMH (OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.03-4.6) in urban areas. In rural areas, the variable of lack of partner remained associated (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.01-6.7). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of CMD is high among mothers of children aged up to two years in the semiarid region of Alagoas. This seems to be associated with lower educational level in urban settings and lack of partner in rural settings.
Relationship between lower-limb muscle strength and frailty among elderly people
Authors: Batista Fernanda Sotello , Gomes Grace Angelica de Oliveira , Neri Anita Liberalesso , Guariento Maria Elena , Cintra Fernanda Aparecida , Sousa Maria da Luz Rosario de , D'Elboux Maria José
Published: April 2012

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Sarcopenia is the main factor involved in the development of frailty syndrome. The aims here were to investigate relationships between lower-limb muscle strength and the variables of sex, age and frailty criteria; compare lower-limb muscle strength with each frailty criterion; and assess the power of each criterion for estimating the risk of frailty among elderly outpatients. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at the Geriatrics Outpatient Clinic of a university hospital in Campinas. METHOD: A non-probabilistic convenience sample of 150 elderly people of both sexes who were followed up as outpatients was assessed. Sociodemographic data (sex and age) and physical health data (frailty criteria and the five-times sit-to-stand test) were gathered. Descriptive, comparative and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: The majority of the elderly people (77.3%) were 70 years of age or over, with predominance of females (64.2%) and had a low score for the five-times sit-to-stand test (81.4% scored 0 or 1); 55.3% of the elderly people presented three or more frailty criteria. A significant association was found between lower-limb muscle strength and the variables of age and number of frailty criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Lower levels of lower-limb muscle strength were associated with advanced age and greater presence of signs of frailty. Moreover, lower-limb muscle strength was also associated with the criteria of reduced walking speed criteria and hand-grip strength.
Risk of persistent high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion after electrosurgical excisional treatment with positive margins: a meta-analysis
Authors: Oliveira Caroline Alves de , Russomano Fábio Bastos , Gomes Júnior Saint Clair dos Santos , Corrêa Flávia de Miranda
Published: April 2012

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Even if precursor lesions of cervical cancer are properly treated, there is a risk of persistence or recurrence. The aim here was to quantify the risks of persistence of high-grade intraepithelial squamous lesions, one and two years after cervical electrosurgical excisional treatment with positive margins. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis at Instituto Fernandes Figueira. METHODS: This meta-analysis was on studies published between January 1989 and July 2009 that were identified in Medline, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, SciELO, Lilacs, Adolec, Medcarib, Paho, Wholis, Popline, ISI Web of Science and Sigle. Articles were selected if they were cohort studies on electrosurgical excisional treatment of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions with a minimum follow-up of one year, a histopathological outcome of persistence of these lesions and a small risk of bias. RESULTS: The search identified 7,066 articles and another 21 in the reference lists of these papers. After applying the selection and exclusion criteria, only four articles were found to have extractable data. The risk of persistence of high-grade intraepithelial lesions after one year was 11.36 times greater (95% confidence interval, CI: 5.529-23.379, P < 0.0001) in patients with positive margins and after two years, was four times greater (95% CI: 0.996-16.164), although without statistical significance. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis confirms the importance of positive margins as an indicator of incomplete treatment after the first year of follow-up and highlights the need for appropriately chosen electrosurgical techniques based on disease location and extent, with close surveillance of these patients.
Avaliação de insolvência em cooperativas de crédito: uma aplicação do sistema Pearls
Authors: Bressan Valéria Gama Fully , Braga Marcelo José , Bressan Aureliano Angel , Resende Filho Moisés de Andrade
Published: April 2012

O presente estudo objetivou estimar as probabilidades de insolvência das cooperativas de crédito do Estado de Minas Gerais, condicionadas aos indicadores contábeis financeiros do sistema Pearls, o qual é recomendado pelo Conselho Mundial do Cooperativismo de Poupança e Crédito. Esse sistema tem como principal objetivo possibilitar o monitoramento do desempenho de cooperativas de crédito singulares, auxiliando os seus administradores a encontrar soluções para deficiências dessas instituições. No presente estudo, classificou-se como insolvente a cooperativa que deixou de enviar balanços para o Banco Central do Brasil, possuía patrimônio líquido negativo ou patrimônio líquido ajustado negativo, ou ainda que se encontrasse classificada nas seguintes situações com o Banco Central do Brasil: paralisada, em liquidação extrajudicial, cancelada/encerrada e em liquidação ordinária. A partir de uma base de dados de 9.456 observações coletadas de uma amostra de 112 cooperativas filiadas ao Sicoob-Crediminas, no período entre janeiro de 1995 e maio de 2008, modelos da classe Logit foram estimados. Os resultados obtidos com o melhor ajuste permitem inferir que os indicadores "operações de crédito vencidas/carteira classificada total", "capital institucional/ ativo total", "ativos não direcionados com a atividade-fim da cooperativa/ativo total" e "rendas de prestação de serviços/despesas administrativas" foram os mais relevantes na determinação da probabilidade de insolvência das cooperativas na amostra. Tais resultados corroboram a hipótese de que o monitoramento de índices contábeis financeiros do sistema Pearls, os quais não têm sido o foco da análise tradicional de balanços, é importante para a determinação da probabilidade de insolvência de cooperativas de crédito, ao auxiliar seus administradores na identificação dos fatores de risco, bem como na criação de um referencial para comparação do desempenho das cooperativas, facilitando o processo de supervisão por parte dos órgãos reguladores. No entanto, a ampliação dos resultados aqui obtidos para períodos posteriores e outras cooperativas de crédito brasileiras deve ser feita com cuidado, de tal modo que especificações alternativas devem ser avaliadas para captar mudanças na conjuntura econômica e na estrutura administrativa das cooperativas, as quais podem influenciar nos indicadores contábeis e financeiros destas.
Agência em estratégia: conectando prática social e codeterminação
Authors: Sauerbronn Fernanda Filgueiras , Faria Alexandre de Almeida
Published: April 2012

Este artigo propõe uma perspectiva mais plural para o estudo da agência em estratégia, por meio do empréstimo do conceito de codeterminação, contribuindo para o reconhecimento e a superação de certas limitações da área. As razões históricas que levaram a área de estratégia a focar o indivíduo são analisadas ao longo do texto, principalmente a partir do predomínio de abordagens específicas que tratam da relação entre indivíduo, organização e ambiente. Os autores argumentam que grande parte da literatura de estratégia privilegia uma representação específica de organização e gerência (isto é, a grande corporação e o capitalismo gerencial controlado por uma "mão visível permitiu gerar, ao longo das últimas décadas, falsas dicotomias (micro/macro, voluntarismo/determinismo) e promoveu uma conflação entre a agência do indivíduo e a agência da organização. De forma a superar essas falsas dicotomias e endereçar o estudo da agência, os autores revisitam o desenvolvimento de algumas perspectivas que procuraram, nas últimas décadas, incorporar os debates produzidos na área de estudos organizacionais, principalmente na Europa. O artigo dá destaque às discussões acerca da perspectiva da estratégia como prática social (strategy as practice - S-as-P), principalmente aquelas vinculadas à teoria da estruturação, por causa de sua ampla utilização. Seguindo o movimento europeu, também é crescente no Brasil o interesse por S-as-P e pelos conceitos de strategizing, organizing e micropráticas; isso faz com que o conceito de agência continue insuficientemente explorado apesar dos importantes avanços alcançados. Os autores deste artigo propõem uma perspectiva - baseada no conceito de codeterminação - na qual a agência se constitui ao longo de processos de interação horizontal e vertical, envolvendo mecanismos e atores que residem nos níveis microindividual, meso--organizacional e macroestrutural. O potencial do conceito de codeterminação é reconhecido para que se realize, em S-as-P, uma "análise estratificada" da agência e discutam-se elementos que permitam revelar as "camadas" de influências. Por fim, os autores traçam considerações acerca da viabilidade de perspectivas alternativas para o estudo da agência em S-as-P e de sua importância para contrabalançar a literatura dominante e elevar a relevância dos estudos no Brasil.
Estratégia como prática social: o estrategizar em uma rede interorganizacional
Authors: Tureta César , Lima Juvêncio Braga de
Published: April 2012

O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar e analisar como ocorre o processo de estrategizar em uma rede interorganizacional de pequenas e médias empresas. Assumimos como referência teórica a perspectiva da estratégia como prática social. Essa abordagem parte da ideia de que as estratégias são (re)constituídas no cotidiano organizacional por meio das interações entre os atores que negociam seus variados e contraditórios interesses. Tal abordagem acompanha o movimento que vem ocorrendo na teoria social, a qual passou a dar maior enfoque às práticas sociais. A pesquisa se desdobra com base em um estudo de caso qualitativo desenvolvido em uma rede interorganizacional do interior de Minas Gerais. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas em profundidade, observação não participante e análise documental. Com base nas informações encontradas no campo, verificamos a existência de quatro grandes práticas estratégicas na rede pesquisada (negociando e comprando; precificando produtos; definindo a marca e projetando franquias; criando o cartão de crédito). Tais estratégias foram identificadas como "individuais" ou "coletivas". Observamos que estratégias "individuais" e estratégias "coletivas" se influenciam mutuamente, sendo tênue a linha divisória que as separa, uma vez que se confundem no processo de estrategizar, na medida em que os interesses são negociados. Concluímos que as práticas estratégias desenvolvidas na rede, a partir das relações entre os atores, são marcadas por constantes tensões e contradições entre os diferentes interesses que subsistem no arranjo interorganizacional. Além do mais, as estratégias não seguem uma lógica coerente por meio de ações deliberadas em prol de um objetivo claramente definido.
A vida na fazenda: sentidos subjetivos do servidor fazendário ante a participação no trabalho
Authors: Silveira Rogério Zanon da , Palassi Márcia Prezotti
Published: April 2012

O problema de pesquisa deste estudo tem origem em inquietações dos autores, ao longo de mais de vinte anos de serviço público, sobre a diversidade e a complexidade da participação no trabalho, nem sempre explicável objetivamente: que sentidos subjetivos perpassam o servidor público fazendário no que tange à participação no trabalho? Este artigo visa compreender os sentidos subjetivos do servidor fazendário ante a participação no trabalho. O referencial teórico é a teoria da subjetividade na perspectiva histórico-cultural de González Rey (2003, 2005), que propõe uma concepção de subjetividade baseada numa compreensão histórico-cultural do homem, rompendo com a dicotomia entre o social e o individual. A essa perspectiva da subjetividade são associados estudos de autores (inter)nacionais sobre a participação no trabalho, como O'Donoghue, Stanton e Bartram (2011), Zani e Spinelli (2010), Neves e Castro (2010), Palgi (2006), Cox, Zagelmeyer e Marchington (2006), Demo (1988), Coutinho (2006) e Leal Filho (2009). Adota-se um conceito de participação associado às formas e aos meios pelos quais os trabalhadores e dirigentes de uma organização influenciam seus destinos (MOTTA, 1999). Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa baseada na epistemologia qualitativa (GONZÁLEZ REY, 2005). As interpretações fundamentam-se na acepção de sentido subjetivo (GONZÁLEZ REY, 2003, 2005). Os sujeitos pesquisados são sete auditores fiscais da Secretaria de Estado da Fazenda do Espírito Santo (Sefaz). O levantamento dos dados deu-se em quatro momentos empíricos, entre julho de 2009 e fevereiro de 2010. As interpretações evidenciam sentidos subjetivos relevantes em cada um dos sujeitos ante a participação no trabalho, associados, entre outros: à visão ideológica, ao núcleo familiar, à autoestima, ao novo e à mudança, à formalidade e à família. Os resultados possibilitam também identificar elementos marcantes da subjetividade social prevalente na instituição, destacando-se: cultura baseada no controle, mistura entre relações de amizade e profissionais, e carência de espaços de participação. Por fim, sugerem-se medidas no sentido de aprimorar a relação servidor-instituição e a participação do servidor no trabalho, e são abordadas lacunas, limitações do estudo e questões para pesquisas futuras.
Capacidades organizacionais e desempenho em um setor geograficamente concentrado e com baixo potencial de diferenciação
Authors: Maciel Cristiano Oliveira , Silva Eduardo Damião
Published: April 2012

O objetivo do presente artigo é verificar a relação entre capacidades e desempenho em um setor geograficamente concentrado, ou seja, com concorrência próxima e numerosa, num conjunto de organizações de pequeno porte e, portanto, com maior restrição de recursos e frequentemente também de capacidade administrativa (não profissionalizada) em comparação a grandes empresas. O referencial teórico que guiou o trabalho está baseado na teoria dos recursos. O contexto escolhido para o estudo foi o conjunto de lojas de varejo de vestuário de uma extensa avenida do centro da cidade de Curitiba, no Paraná. Foram realizadas, inicialmente, entrevistas com proprietários e gerentes dessas lojas para verificar quais seriam as principais capacidades exigidas nesse segmento geográfico de mercado, em que se destacaram: imagem, clientes, preços e finanças. Com base nessa classificação, foram elaboradas e testadas as hipóteses do estudo via modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados apontaram a primazia das capacidades preços e finanças no que concernem aos efeitos positivos das capacidades sobre o desempenho. A discussão dos resultados explora os aspectos contingenciais da relação recursos-desempenho nesse conjunto de organizações e as razões de os lojistas apontarem como fontes de vantagem competitiva algumas capacidades que não impactam diretamente a variação no desempenho. Conclui-se, em função do baixo potencial de diferenciação das organizações que fizeram parte do estudo, que as capacidades denominadas preço e finanças são as únicas com influência significativa sobre a variação no desempenho quando comparadas às capacidades imagem e clientes. Outra constatação digna de nota foi o fato de que os lojistas entrevistados apontaram as capacidades clientes e imagem, que empiricamente não se relacionaram com a variação do desempenho, como fontes de vantagem competitiva. Defende-se aqui que isso se deve à ambiguidade causal que marca a relação entre recursos e desempenho no julgamento dos estrategistas.
Oscilador harmônico com massa variável e a segunda lei de Newton
Authors: Correa Eberth , Ortiz J.S. Espinoza , Valério Mauro , Dutra Jomhara
Published: April 2012

Empregamos a segunda lei de Newton para descrever o sistema de oscilador com massa variável. Um aparato experimental para medir as oscilações e outros parâmetros importantes é montado e aqui descrito com a ajuda de equipamentos disponíveis comercialmente. Usando um modelo pré-concebido para tal sistema somos capazes de ajustar os resultados experimentais com boa concordância. Para realizarmos essa tarefa desenvolvemos um programa na linguagem C++ ao qual pode extrair os valores experimentais da amplitude do movimento oscilatório bem como rotacionar o sistema de coordenadas para separar o movimento translacional do movimento oscilatorio.
From Operations to Desktop Analysis to Field Implementation: Well and ESP Optimization for Production Enhancement in the Cliff Head Field
Authors: Dholkawala Z.F.. F. , Daniel S.. , Billingsley B..
Published: April 2012

Understanding the integrated performance of complex artificially lifted wells on not normally manned (NNM), offshore platforms without invasive techniques represents a challenge not only to minimizing operating costs but also to optimizing production and thereby maximizing value. Often the analysis of such problems is hindered by the complex interactions between identified production constraints and by a lack of operating data.

The Cliff Head oil field (offshore Western Australia) is developed with an innovative coiled-tubing deployed-electrical-submersible-pump (CT-ESP) artificial-lift system. This paper describes the process by which ESP and well data, in conjunction with a well-performance-modeling software, have been used as a powerful tool to diagnose well-performance issues and optimize production. Production trends were created on the basis of real-time production data to understand ESP performance. Individual-well models were created to identify potential causes of declining performance—in this case, the use of an ESP performance-limiting factor (PLF) indicating deteriorating ESP performance because of solids buildup.

On the basis of the model results, chemical soaks were implemented on two production wells to remove flow restrictions within and around the ESPs. The treatments increased the oil-production rates by 17 to 48%.

Following a debottlenecking study, reservoir simulation in combination with detailed ESP-performance analysis concluded that total-field-production improvements of up to 50% were possible. Consequently, the next phase of field development will install larger-capacity ESPs.

This paper outlines how field data and desktop tools were combined successfully to monitor and diagnose well-performance issues to deliver material production enhancements.
Mobility Ratio - Its Influence on Flood Patterns During Water Encroachment
Authors: Aronofsky J.S.
Published: April 2012

The results of potentiometric model studies and numerical computations are described. The purpose of these studies was to determine the influence of the mobility ratio on flooding efficiencies during water encroachment in petroleum reservoirs, in systems of regular well geometry.

The direct line drive well pattern having relative spacing distances of one and one-half to one was investigated for water to oil mobility ratios of 10, 1, and 0.1. The results of these studies indicate that the pattern sweep efficiency is very dependent upon the mobility ratio.

Introduction

The almost universal occurrence of water in the immediate neighborhood of oil-bearing sands lends considerable emphasis to the desirability of having a rational analysis of water encroachment into petroleum reservoirs. This problem has become increasingly important with the accelerated use of water injection for secondary recovery operations.

The water encroachment problem has been studied from both the theoretical and experimental viewpoints by Muskat. He has formulated, in a precise manner, differential equations to express flow in a water encroachment system, and rigorous analytical solutions have been developed for the linear, radial, and spherical cases. However, it becomes exceedingly difficult to solve the encroachment problem rigorously for any general two-dimensional system in which the shape of the two-fluid interface is not immediately evident from the geometry of the system. The difficulty lies in the fact that a rigorous analytical solution requires that the shape of the two-fluid interface be known simultaneously with its instantaneous position and with the pressure distribution on both sides of the interface.

Although this paper concerns the study of the two-fluid system of oil and water, the methods described in the paper are generally applicable to other systems of incompressible and immiscible fluids in which the displacing fluid sweeps the displaced fluid down to a residual value. In each region it is assumed there is only one mobile fluid and its mobility is constant throughout the region. The same procedure, with minor alterations, is applicable for gas injection systems provided the assumption can be made that both the displaced and displacing gases can be described by steady state formulas.
Reservoir Modeling: From RESCUE To RESQML
Authors: King Michael J. , Ballin Paulo , Bennis Chakib , Heath David , Hiebert Allan , McKenzie William , Rainaud Jean-Francois , Schey Jana
Published: April 2012

The RESCUE consortium formed in 1995 in response to the requirement to transfer the structural framework, 3D gridded models, and associated well data from "geomodels to upscalers." RESCUE developed a data standard and libraries that allowed multiple vendors to support subsurface projects across the geoscience and engineering domains. To date, more than 20 of the sponsoring petroleum companies and application vendors have integrated RESCUE into their applications.

In late 2008, the consortium began a transition to a much more flexible standard: RESQML™. RESQML joins with WITSML™ and PRODML™ as the latest XML-based data-transfer standards managed by Energistics. The V1.0 developer's release of the RESQML data standard was published in December 2010, followed by a fully commercial V1.1 release in October 2011. We expect vendor applications using RESQML V1.1 to be available commercially in 2012.

RESQML has been designed to support

Interaction with real-time production and drilling domains Transfer of gigacell reservoir-simulation models, as are currently in use in some areas of the world, together with static reservoir models, which may be several orders of magnitude larger Lossless data transfer for complex grids, especially for nonstandard connectivity Retention of the geologic and geophysical meta-data associated with 3D grids Data standards to support flexible and iterative multivendor subsurface workflows across geology, geophysics, and engineering As an example of the latter, workflows that support fault-seal analysis or 4D-seismic interpretation benefit greatly from the integration of data, metadata, and interpretations from multiple geophysical, geologic, and engineering applications into a coherent subsurface model. Such integration is not possible for a single application or vendor.

In this paper, we will present our objectives, challenges, and work plan for 3D/4D-reservoir-model exchange. Details of the technical design defined by participating petroleum oil companies and software vendors will be shared to demonstrate the efficiency of the RESQML standard.
Method for Determining Wettability of Reservoir Rocks
Authors: Slobod R.L. , Blum H.A.
Published: April 2012

A semiquantitative method for measuring the wettability of reservoir rocks has been developed. These data are needed for reservoir analysis and for interpretation of laboratory displacement studies. The wettability of a core sample is measured by the contact angle for the system oil-water-solid. These contact angles are calculated from the displacement pressure (threshold pressure) obtained by use of the centrifuge, using first oil-water and second air-oil in the same core sample. This method is based on the assumption that the air-oil and oil-water interfaces occupy similar positions in the porous medium when desaturation of the wetting phase is initiated. The assumption is also made that the contact angle for the air-oil-solid system which is close to zero in value does not change appreciably even when the contact angle for the oil-water-solid system experiences marked changes. "Apparent contact angles" for five different solids ranging from 31? to 82? have been determined, and changes in the "apparent contact angle" of a given sample with laboratory use from 33? to 53? have been observed.

Introduction

Reservoir rocks vary in their wettability, some being preferentially water wet while other are apparently preferentially oil wet. The degree of wettability, in theory, is measured quantitatively by the contact angle for the system solid-oil-water, but in practice this quantity is extremely difficult to determine. The need for obtaining some measure of this quantity has become obvious in recent years as a result of both laboratory and field observations. Several reservoirs such as the Bradford Sand in Pennsylvania and the Wilcox at Oklahoma City are reported to be oil wet. If these reports correctly reflect the true nature of the surface of the rock in the ground, then these reservoirs probably will not perform as predicted on the basis of a water wet rock.
Sequential Coupling of Geochemical Reactions With Reservoir Simulations for Waterflood and EOR Studies
Authors: Wei Lingli
Published: April 2012

Many waterflood projects now experience significant amounts of water cut, with more water than hydrocarbon flowing between the injectors and producers. In addition to the impact on water viscosity and density that results from using different injection-water sources during a field's life, water chemistry itself may impact oil recovery, as demonstrated by recent research on low-salinity water-injection schemes. It is also known that water chemistry has a profound impact on various chemical enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) processes. Moreover, the effectiveness and viability of such EOR schemes is strongly dependent on reservoir-brine and injection-water compositions. In particular, the presence of divalent cations such as Ca+2 and Mg+2 has a significantly adverse effect for chemical EORs. Using new developments in reservoir simulation, this paper outlines a method to couple geochemical reactions in a reservoir simulator in black-oil and compositional modes suitable for large-scale reservoir models for waterflood and EOR studies. The new multicomponent reactive-transport modeling capability considers chemical reactions triggered by injection water and/or injected reactive gases such as CO2 and H2S, including mineral dissolution and precipitation, cation exchange, and surface complexation.

For waterflood-performance assessment, the new modeling capability makes possible a more-optimum evaluation of petrophysical logs for well intervals where injection-water invasion is suspected. By modeling transport of individual species in the aqueous phase from injectors to producers, reservoir characterization can also be improved through the use of these natural tracers, provided that the compositions of the actual produced water are used in the history matching. The simulated water compositions in producers can also be used by production chemists to assess scaling and corrosion risks. For CO2 EOR studies, we illustrate chemical changes inside a reservoir and in the produced water before and after CO2 breakthrough, and discuss geochemical monitoring as a potential surveillance tool. Alkaline-flood-induced water chemical changes and calcite precipitation are also presented to illustrate applicability for chemical EOR with the new simulation capability.
HCl/Formic In-Situ-Gelled Acids as Diverting Agents for Carbonate Acidizing
Authors: Rabie Ahmed I. , Gomaa Ahmed M. , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A.
Published: April 2012

In highly heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs, several acid systems have been used to enhance acid diversion during matrix acidizing such as surfactant-based acids and in-situ-gelled acids. In-situ-gelled acids are also used to reduce leakoff rate in acid fracturing. The main acid used in this system is hydrochloric acid (HCl). However, high reaction rates and severity of corrosion problems, especially for wells completed with Cr-based tubulars, limit the use of HCl at high temperatures. On the other hand, mixing organic acids with HCl either increases the acid penetration or reduces the necessary strength of HCl and the necessary load of the corrosion inhibitors. A few studies addressed the systems that use both advantages.

The objective of this work is to investigate the behavior and the performance of different in-situ-gelled HCl/formic acid blends as diverting agents by conducting viscosity measurements, reaction-rate measurements using the rotating-disk apparatus, and through coreflood study.

Formic acid was blended with HCl, and four in-situ-gelled acids were examined. Formic acid concentration varied from 0 to 6.31 wt%, and HCl concentration ranged from 0 to 5 wt%. Pink Desert limestone was used for reaction-rate and coreflood experiments. The rotating-disk apparatus was used to measure the reaction rate at 250°F at disk rotational speeds of 100 and 1,000 rev/min. The effect of formic acid concentration and zirconium crosslinking on the reaction rate was examined. Coreflood experiments were conducted at 250°F using two different rates of injection (2 and 10 cm3/min), and the core samples were imaged using a computed-tomography (CT) scan technique after each coreflood experiment.

Increasing formic acid concentration decreased the reaction rate of in-situ-gelled HCl/formic acid with calcite at both low and high disk rotational speeds. This was confirmed by viscosity measurements, which showed that increasing formic acid concentration increased the viscosity of the live acids and decreased the viscosity of the spent acids. Coreflood results showed that increasing formic acid concentration in HCl/formic acid blends reduced acid ability for diversion. In the selected range of acid concentration and for the type of polymer and crosslinking agent used, the in-situ HCl/formic acid behaved more like gelled acid and reached a breakthrough in all coreflood experiments. The higher the formic acid concentration, the higher the pore volume of the acid required to break through.
First Downhole Application of Distributed Acoustic Sensing for Hydraulic-Fracturing Monitoring and Diagnostics
Authors: Molenaar M. M. , Hill D. J. , Webster P. , Fidan E. , Birch B.
Published: April 2012

The first exploration-and-production downhole field trial of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) fiber-optic technology was conducted during the completion of a tight gas well in February 2009.

DAS is a novel technology that allows the detection, discrimination, and location of acoustic events on a standard telecom single-mode fiber several kilometers long. Using a combination of the measurement of backscattered light and advanced signal processing, the DAS interrogator system segregates the fiber into an array of individual microphones. To date, the technology has been applied mainly in the defense and security industries. One of the most exciting applications for downhole application of DAS is in the area of hydraulic fracturing of tight-sand and shale-gas reservoirs. Balancing the cost of hydraulic-fracture stimulation with the production benefit is crucial in tight-sand and shale-gas developments because, after drilling costs, the completion is the largest single cost component of the well.

Recordings can be made while tools are run in hole, bridge plugs are set and perforations are shot and during the fracture-stimulation treatment. The technology is sufficiently reliable and sensitive to detect and monitor these in-well activities. The fidelity of the recordings made during hydraulic-fracturing and flowback operations provides a step-change improvement in the ability to perform real-time and post-job diagnostics and analyses of the stimulation.

The different case studies presented in this paper will illustrate how, even in its earliest form, DAS has the potential to enhance the capability of monitoring and understanding in-wellbore activities. The technology enables the optimization of hydraulic-fracturing design and execution, which can drive down completion costs and lead to increased well productivity and ultimate recovery.
Development of a Continuous Directional Coring System for Deep-Sea Drilling
Authors: Shinmoto Y.. , Miyazaki E.. , Wada K.. , Yamao M..
Published: April 2012

Core sampling is one of most important methods for gaining knowledge on formation properties below the seafloor or for extracting such potential new energy resources as methane hydrates. The riser-equipped deep-sea drilling vessel Chikyu carries out scientific expeditions for such underwater formation core drilling to analyze the origin of hydrate generation near the coast of Japan. Among the various systems available, continuous coring using wireline is the most promising for obtaining a steady supply of core samples.

Although measuring-while-drilling/logging-while-drilling (MWD/ LWD) methods are deployed, an advanced directional control system specifically for deep-sea coring is currently under technical development. Core barrels consisting of the inner and outer barrels have been designed with an inner barrel that is retrievable and resettable. The new method combines an adjustable bent-housing sub that is located between the outer barrel and just above the inner core tube.

Laboratory tests in which the inner barrel is passed through the bent housing section have been performed, with results showing bent housing angles of 0.25-2.0°. Land drilling tests with the bent housing were also performed in order to ensure drilling efficiency and core recovery. This paper presents the progress of our newly developed coring system with an integrated analysis of directional-drilling and coring capabilities.
Effect of Alkalinity on Oil Recovery During Polymer Floods in Sandstone
Authors: Kazempour Mahdi , Sundstrom Eric , Alvarado Vladimir
Published: April 2012

Alkaline flooding has been purported to be a promising process for enhancing heavy-oil recovery, while alkaline/polymer (AP) and alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP) injection represent commercial flooding strategies for lighter oils. The alkali in an ASP flood can reduce adsorption of surfactants and react with acids in the oil to form soaps. Polymers increase the viscosity of water and control mobility ratio. The addition of an alkali to a straight polymer flood can further increase the efficiency in polymer flooding. The alkali can react with the rock and polymer to reduce polymer adsorption and decrease polymer-solution viscosity to allow higher injectivity.

We report results of core experiments for polymer, alkali, and AP tertiary floods. The conditions tested correspond to Wyoming's Minnelusa sandstone reservoirs. Berea cores were waterflooded to residual-oil saturation, and then a tertiary injection of a polymer, alkali, or AP solution was run, followed by waterflooding. We also show results of polymer-solution viscosity with varying alkali concentration. Polymer-adsorption results from dynamic and static experiments with and without alkali are reported. Numerical history match of coreflooding results was performed using CMG-STARS.

Results show that a tertiary alkali injection produces negligible oil recovery and pressure-drop increase. Straight polymer injection produces considerable oil recovery with a significant increase in pressure drop that may not be favorable for field designs. The injection of the AP solution also produced considerable oil recovery, but the increase in pressure drop was less than that of the straight polymer flood. The effects of alkali on polymer and rock surface lead to a significant impact on recovery factor, resistance factors, and also residual resistance factors.

Results of this study demonstrate one of the benefits of adding alkalis in polymer flooding—namely, the improvement in injectivity—in addition to the known reduction in polymer losses because of adsorption on the rock surface. The modeling strategy should help with alkali-enhanced polymer-flooding designs.