bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On-Sky Tests of a High-Power Pulsed Laser for Sodium Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics
Authors: Otarola Angel , Hickson Paul , Gagné Ronald , Bo Yong , Zuo Junwei , Xie Shiyong , Feng Lu , Rochester Simon , Budker Dmitry , Shen Shixia , Xue Suijian , Min Li , Wei Kai , Boyer Corinne , Ellerbroek Brent , Hu JingYao , Peng Qinjun , Xu Zuyan
Published: March 2016

We present results of on-sky tests performed in the summer of 2013 to characterize the performance of a prototype high-power pulsed laser for adaptive optics. The laser operates at a pulse repetition rate (PRR) of 600–800[Formula: see text]Hz, with a 6% duty cycle. Its coupling efficiency was found to be, in the best test case (using 18[Formula: see text]W of transmitted power), [Formula: see text] photons s[Formula: see text] sr[Formula: see text] atom[Formula: see text] W[Formula: see text] m2 when circular polarization was employed and [Formula: see text] photons s[Formula: see text] sr[Formula: see text] atom[Formula: see text] W[Formula: see text] m2 with linear polarization. No improvement was seen when D[Formula: see text] repumping was used, but this is likely due to the relatively large laser guide star (LGS) diameter, typically 10 arcsec or more, which resulted in low irradiance levels. Strong relaxation oscillations were present in the laser output, which have the effect of reducing the coupling efficiency. To better understand the results, a physical modeling was performed using the measured pulse profiles and parameters specific to these tests. The model results, for a 10 arcsec angular size LGS spot, agree well with the observations. When extrapolating the physical model for a sub-arcsecond angular size LGS (typical of what is needed for a successful astronomical guide star), the model predicts that this laser would have a coupling efficiency of 130 photons s[Formula: see text] sr[Formula: see text] atom[Formula: see text] W[Formula: see text] m2, using circular polarization and D[Formula: see text] repumping, for a LGS diameter of 0.6 arcsec Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM), and free of relaxation oscillations in the 589 nm laser light.
Physics-based computer simulation of the long-term effects of cardiac regenerative therapies
Authors: Lee Lik Chuan , Sundnes Joakim , Genet Martin , Wall Samuel T.
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we describe the application of an integrated electromechanics-growth computational model to simulate the long term effects of cardiac regenerative therapies in a left ventricle (LV). The electromechanics-growth model couples biophysically detailed cellular-based laws that describe the short term events occurring in the excitation-contraction coupling process in the cardiomyocytes, to a phenomenological law that describes the long-term process of growth and remodeling in the cardiac tissue. Two clinically relevant phases depicting the progression and subsequent treatment of heart failure were simulated using this model. These phases are namely, (1) the long-term remodeling process induced by a myocardial infarction and (2) the long-term response following regeneration of the infarct. Our model predictions show that the abnormal myofiber strain values surrounding the infarct can drive the post-infarct LV hypertrophy, whereas a subsequent normalization of the myofiber strain after infarct regeneration can lead to a reduction in the LV size. These findings are consistent with some of the observations found in the experiments and clinical studies of cardiac regenerative therapies.
National Economic Burden Associated with Management of Periodontitis in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Dom Tuti Ningseh , Ayob Rasidah , Abd Muttalib Khairiyah , Aljunid Syed Mohamed
Published: March 2016

Objectives. The aim of this study is to estimate the economic burden associated with the management of periodontitis in Malaysia from the societal perspective.Methods. We estimated the economic burden of periodontitis by combining the disease prevalence with its treatment costs. We estimated treatment costs (with 2012 value of Malaysian Ringgit) using the cost-of-illness approach and included both direct and indirect costs. We used the National Oral Health Survey for Adults (2010) data to estimate the prevalence of periodontitis and 2010 national census data to estimate the adult population at risk for periodontitis.Results. The economic burden of managing all cases of periodontitis at the national level from the societal perspective was approximately MYR 32.5 billion, accounting for 3.83% of the 2012 Gross Domestic Product of the country. It would cost the nation MYR 18.3 billion to treat patients with moderate periodontitis and MYR 13.7 billion to treat patients with severe periodontitis.Conclusion. The economic burden of periodontitis in Malaysia is substantial and comparable with that of other chronic diseases in the country. This is attributable to its high prevalence and high cost of treatment. Judicious application of promotive, preventive, and curative approaches to periodontitis management is decidedly warranted.
Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Premature Ovarian Failure Rat Model
Authors: Song Dan , Zhong Yun , Qian Chunfeng , Zou Qinyan , Ou Jian , Shi Yichao , Gao Liang , Wang Gaigai , Liu Zhenxing , Li Haibo , Ding Hailei , Wu Huihua , Wang Fuxin , Wang Jing , Li Hong
Published: March 2016

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is one of the most common causes of infertility in women. In our present study, we established cyclophosphamide- (CTX-) induced POF rat model and elucidated its effect on ovarian function. We detected the serum estrogen, follicle stimulating hormone, and anti-Müllerian hormone of mice models by ELISA and evaluated their folliculogenesis by histopathology examination. Our study revealed that CTX administration could severely disturb hormone secretion and influence folliculogenesis in rat. This study also detected ovarian cells apoptosis by deoxy-UTP-digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and demonstrated marked ovarian cells apoptosis in rat models following CTX administration. In order to explore the potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) in POF treatment, the above indexes were used to evaluate ovarian function. We found that human UCMSCs transplantation recovered disturbed hormone secretion and folliculogenesis in POF rat, in addition to reduced ovarian cell apoptosis. We also tracked transplanted UCMSCs in ovaries by fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH). The results manifested that the transplanted human UCMSCs could reside in ovarian tissues and could survive for a comparatively long time without obvious proliferation. Our present study provides new insights into the great clinical potential of human UCMSCs in POF treatment.
Multilinear Square Functions with Kernels of Dini’s Type
Authors: Si Zengyan , Xue Qingying
Published: March 2016

LetTbe a multilinear square function with a kernel satisfying Dini(1) condition and letT⁎be the corresponding multilinear maximal square function. In this paper, first, we showed thatTis bounded fromL1×⋯×L1toL1/m,∞.Secondly, we obtained that if eachpi>1, thenTandT⁎are bounded fromLp1(ω1)×⋯×Lpm(ωm)toLp(νω→)and if there ispi=1, thenTandT⁎are bounded fromLp1(ω1)×⋯×Lpm(ωm)toLp,∞(νω→), whereνω→=∏i=1mωip/pi.Furthermore, we established the weighted strong and weak type boundedness forTandT⁎on weighted Morrey type spaces, respectively.
Epstein-Barr Virus and Its Association with Oral Hairy Leukoplakia: A Short Review
Authors: Khammissa Razia Abdool Gafaar , Fourie Jeanine , Chandran Rakesh , Lemmer Johan , Feller Liviu
Published: March 2016

In immunocompromised subjects, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of terminally differentiated oral keratinocytes may result in subclinical productive infection of the virus in the stratum spinosum and in the stratum granulosum with shedding of infectious virions into the oral fluid in the desquamating cells. In a minority of cases this productive infection with dysregulation of the cell cycle of terminally differentiated epithelial cells may manifest as oral hairy leukoplakia. This is a white, hyperkeratotic, benign lesion of low morbidity, affecting primarily the lateral border of the tongue. Factors that determine whether productive EBV replication within the oral epithelium will cause oral hairy leukoplakia include the fitness of local immune responses, the profile of EBV gene expression, and local environmental factors.
The Government’s Environment Policy Index Impact on Recycler Behavior in Electronic Products Closed-Loop Supply Chain
Authors: He Suchao , Yuan Xigang , Zhang Xiaoqing
Published: March 2016

We establish the model of multilevel closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) which included raw material supplier, manufacturer, distributor, retailer, and third-party recycler based on system dynamics (SD). Considering factors which influence recycler behavior-environmental policy index and recovery delay, we apply SD software—Vensim—to simulate CLSC model and study recycler behavior’s influence on the entire CLSC through calculating the bullwhip effect of all levels members order rate. Research shows that (1) the larger the environmental policy index, the greater the recycle proportion and the better the effect of weakening retailer’s order rate in forward supply chain, which however, increasingly, strengthen the reverse supply chain bullwhip effect, (2) the shorter the recovery delay, the better the effect of weakening the forward supply chain bullwhip effect and the longer the recovery delay, which increasingly weakens the reverse supply chain bullwhip effect, and (3) the effect of environmental policy index on the bullwhip effect of all levels members order rate is more significant than recovery delay.
Vancomycin and High Level Aminoglycoside Resistance inEnterococcusspp. in a Tertiary Health Care Centre: A Therapeutic Concern
Authors: Mittal Seema , Singla Pooja , Deep Antariksha , Bala Kiran , Sikka Rama , Garg Meenu , Chaudhary Uma
Published: March 2016

Aims. This study was aimed at knowing the prevalence of vancomycin and high level aminoglycoside resistance in enterococcal strains among clinical samples.Study Design. It was an investigational study.Place and Duration of Study. It was conducted on 100Enterococcusisolates, in the Department of Microbiology, Pt. BDS PGIMS, Rohtak, over a period of six months from July to December 2014.Methodology. Clinical specimens including urine, pus, blood, semen, vaginal swab, and throat swab were processed andEnterococcusisolates were identified by standard protocols. Antibiotic sensitivity testing of enterococci was performed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results. High level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) was more common in urine samples (41.5%) followed by blood (36%) samples. High level streptomycin resistance (HLSR) was more common in pus samples (52.6%) followed by blood samples (36%). Resistance to vancomycin was maximum in blood isolates.Conclusion. Enterococci resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents have been recognized. Thus, it is crucial for laboratories to provide accurate antimicrobial resistance patterns for enterococci so that effective therapy and infection control measures can be initiated.
NADPH Oxidase Inhibitor Apocynin Attenuates PCB153-Induced Thyroid Injury in Rats
Authors: Abliz Ablikim , Chen Chen , Deng Wenhong , Wang Weixing , Sun Rongze
Published: March 2016

PCBs, widespread endocrine disruptors, cause the disturbance of thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis in humans and animals. However, the exact mechanism of thyroid dysfunction caused by PCBs is still unknown. In order to clarify the hypotheses that NADPH oxidase (NOX) and subsequent NF-κB pathway may play roles in thyroid dysfunction, sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, PCB153 treated (PCB) group, received apocynin with PCB153 treatment (APO + PCB) group, and drug control (APO) group. Serum thyroid hormone levels were evaluated. The morphological change of thyroid tissue was analyzed under the light and transmission electron microscopy. NOX2, 8-OHdG, and NF-κB expression in the thyroid tissue was evaluated by immune-histochemical staining. Oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines were detected. The following results were reduced after apocynin treatment: (1) serum thyroid hormone, (2) thyroid pathological injuries, (3) thyroid MDA, (4) thyroid ultrastructural change, (5) serum inflammatory cytokines, and (6) thyroid expression of NOX2, 8-OHdG, and NF-κB. These results suggested that NOX inhibition attenuates thyroid dysfunction induced by PCB in rats, presumably because of its role in preventing ROS generation and inhibiting the activation of NF-κB pathway. Our findings may provide new therapeutic targets for PCBs induced thyroid dysfunction.
A Triparametric Family of Optimal Fourth-Order Multiple-Root Finders and Their Dynamics
Authors: Kim Young Ik , Geum Young Hee
Published: March 2016

We investigate the complex dynamics of a triparametric family of optimal fourth-order multiple-root solvers by analyzing their basins of attraction along with extensive study of Möbius conjugacy maps and extraneous fixed points applied to a prototype quadratic polynomial raised to the power of the known integer multiplicitym. A600×600uniform grid centered at the origin covering6×6square region is chosen to display the initial points on each basin of attraction according to a coloring scheme based on their orbit behavior. With illustrative basins of attractions applied to various test polynomials and the corresponding statistical data for convergence as well as a number of comparisons made among the listed methods, we confirm our investigation and analysis developed in this paper.
Flow Pattern Analysis and Performance Improvement of Regenerative Flow Pump Using Blade Geometry Modification
Authors: Nejadrajabali J. , Riasi A. , Nourbakhsh S. A.
Published: March 2016

Regenerative pump is a low specific speed and rotor-dynamic turbomachine capable of developing high heads at low flow rates. In this paper, a numerical study has been carried out in order to investigate the effect of blade angle on the performance of a regenerative pump. Two groups of impellers were employed. The first type has symmetric angle blades with identical inlet/outlet angles of ±10°, ±30°, and ±50° and the second group has nonsymmetric angle blades in which the inlet angle was set to 0° and six different angles of ±10°, ±30°, and ±50° were designed for the outlet of the blades. A total of 12 impellers, as well as primary radial blades impeller, were investigated in this study. The results showed that all forward blades have higher head coefficients than radial blades impeller at design flow coefficient. It was found that regenerative pumps with symmetric angle forward blades have better performance than other types. Also, it is worth mentioning that the highest head coefficient and efficiency occur at angle+10<β<+30of symmetric angle blades. It was found that the maximum efficiency occurs at angle of +15.5° by curve fitting to the data obtained from numerical simulations for symmetric angle forward blades.
Drought Tolerance Is Correlated with the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes inCerasus humilisSeedlings
Authors: Ren Jing , Sun Li Na , Zhang Qiu Yan , Song Xing Shun
Published: March 2016

Cerasus humilis, grown in the northern areas of China, may experience water deficit during their life cycle, which induces oxidative stress. Our present study was conducted to evaluate the role of oxidative stress management in the leaves of twoC. humilisgenotypes, HR (drought resistant) and ND4 (drought susceptible), when subjected to a long-term soil drought (WS). The HR plants maintained lower membrane injury due to low ROS and MDA accumulation compared to ND4 plants during a long-term WS. This is likely attributed to global increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoenzymes and enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle and maintenance of ascorbate (AsA) levels. Consistent closely with enzymes activities, the expression of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (cAPX) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) followed a significant upregulation, indicating that they were regulated at the transcriptional level for HR plants exposed to WS. In contrast, ND4 plants exhibited high ROS levels and poor antioxidant enzyme response, leading to enhanced membrane damage during WS conditions. The present study shows that genotypic differences in drought tolerance could be likely attributed to the ability ofC. humilisplants to induce antioxidant defense under drought conditions.
Changes of Intestinal Functions in Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Fukui Hiroshi , Wiest Reiner
Published: March 2016

Background: Understanding of the gut-liver axis is important for the up-to-date management of liver cirrhosis, and changes of intestinal functions form the core of this interesting research field. Summary: Most investigators noted small intestinal dysmotility in their patients with liver cirrhosis. Marked changes in the contraction pattern were observed in early manometric studies. The orocecal transit time, particularly small intestinal transit, has generally been reported to be prolonged, which has been demonstrated in multiple investigations to be related to the severity of the liver disease (e.g., Child-Pugh class), the presence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as well as a history of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Bacteriologically proven SIBO in proximal jejunal aspiration has been reported to be present in up to 59% of cirrhotic patients and is associated with systemic endotoxemia. Clinical and experimental studies suggest that delayed small bowel transit in liver cirrhosis may lead to SIBO, which could contribute to the symptoms of abdominal pain and diarrhea. In addition to autonomic neuropathy, metabolic derangements and diabetic state, SIBO itself may delay intestinal transit in cirrhotic patients. Several studies, both from the West and the East, have shown that the gut microbiota is altered in cirrhotic patients and particularly those with HE. Further, a quantitative change in Bacteroides/Firmicutes ratio, with a prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Enterobacteriaceae) and reduction in specific commensals (e.g., Lachnospiraceae), has been described. Structural and functional changes in the intestinal mucosa that contribute to increases in intestinal permeability for bacteria and their products have been observed in patients with liver cirrhosis, which is considered as an important pathogenetic factor for several complications. The mechanism of intestinal barrier dysfunction in cirrhosis is multifactorial, including alcohol, portal hypertension (vascular congestion and dysregulation), endotoxemia, SIBO, local inflammation and, most likely, immunological factors and medications. Key Messages: This review summarizes major achievements regarding intestinal dysfunction in cirrhosis for future gastroenterology research. The question of whether this intestinal barrier dysfunction is accompanied and/or at least partly caused by structural and functional changes in the epithelial tight junction proteins is as yet unsolved. Development of new strategies to modulate gut-liver interaction is urgently needed.
Comparison of Efficacy of Two Different Topical 0.05% Cyclosporine A Formulations in the Treatment of Adenoviral Keratoconjunctivitis-Related Subepithelial Infiltrates
Authors: Bayraktutar Betül N. , Uçakhan Ömür Ö.
Published: March 2016

Subepithelial infiltrates secondary to adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis may persist for years and cause blurred vision, halos, glare, and photophobia. These infiltrates arise from immune reaction against the virus, and few studies have reported topical cyclosporine A to be effective in the treatment of subepithelial infiltrates. Herein, we describe a patient with adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis-related subepithelial infiltrates who did not respond to treatment with a new topical cyclosporine A emulsion prepared with castor oil (Depores 0.05%; Deva İlaç, Kocaeli, Turkey), while the FDA-approved nanoemulsion formulation provided improvement in symptoms and reduced the inflammatory reaction (Restasis 0.05%; Allergan, Irvine, Calif., USA).
Da `Nbandla à Umbanda: Transformações na Cultura Afro-Brasileira
Authors: Barbosa Wilson Do Nascimento
Published: March 2016

Este artigo aborda o desenvolvimento da Umbanda no Brasil e a analisa em três fases caracterizadas por: (1) 1850-1913 - `Nbandla; (2) 1913-1960 – A Umbanda Empretecida; e, (3) 1960-1990 – A Umbanda Embranquecida. Tal periodização esclarece os elementos de composição desta reli gião afro-brasileira e a relação com a c onstrução de identidades múltiplas num ambiente social repressor destas práticas religiosas.
Soberania e Escravidão
Authors: Bonciani Rodrigo Fautinoni
Published: March 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a relação entre escravidão e soberania na história da América. O conceito de dominium, entre os séculos XVI e XVII, possuía um significado ambivalente, entre as noções de propriedade privada e de poder político, que definiu o paradoxo das relações entre a Coroa e os agentes coloniais mediadas pela tutela e escravidão dos indígenas e africanos. Quais foram os limites definidos pelo dominium senhorial e privado para a emergência da soberania? Analisaremos essa questão em quatro momentos da história americana: na política ultramarina Habsburgo para o Brasil e Angola, entre 1580 e 1640; na colonização britânica e francesa das Antilhas, na segunda metade do século XVII; na política reformista de meados do século XVIII; e nos processos de independência de Cuba, Brasil e EUA.
Cosme de Farias e os Capoeiras na Bahia: Um Capítulo de História e Cultura afro-brasileira
Authors: Oliveira Josivaldo Pires de
Published: March 2016

Na primeira metade do século XX, os capoeiras (agentes culturais de uma das mais representativas manifestações afro-brasileiras) se envolviam com a justiça baiana e contavam com o rábula Cosme de Farias para os defender. O presente artigo aborda, a partir de processos criminais e notícias de jornais, a atuação do referido rábula na defesa dos capoeiras que se envolviam com a justiça em Salvador neste período. Entre estes se encontram nomes importantes da história da capoeira na Bahia, a exemplo de “Pedro Porreta” e “Chico Três Pedaços”.
A Participação das Mulheres na Luta de Libertação Nacional de Moçambique em Notícias (REVISTA TEMPO 1975-1985)
Authors: Santana Jacimara Souza
Published: March 2016

Em Moçambique, como em outras partes da África, o jugo imposto às populações através da colonização européia atuou como uma das causas primordiais para o desencadeamento dos movimentos de descolonização e independência. Este artigo trata da participação que mulheres da zona rural e urbana tiveram no movimento de libertação nacional desse país, bem como alguns de seus impactos, a partir das entrevistas com ex-combatentes realizadas pela revista Tempo.
Political Process and the development black insurgency (1930-1970)
Authors: Rios Flávia
Published: March 2016

MCADAM, Doug. Political Process and the development black insurgency (1930-1970). Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1999, 2o Edition.
África, Arte e Liberdade: a poesia de Cruz e Sousa no contexto do Atlântico Negro
Authors: Andreucci Álvaro Gonçalves Antunes
Published: March 2016

Este artigo analisa a obra do poeta Cruz e Souza numa perspectiva que procura identificar, em sua produção literária, questões políticas e sócio-culturais sobre o racismo no Brasil no período que antecede a abolição e o logo após este. Porém, o diálogo estabelecido sobre a incidência do racismo extrapola questões de limites e fronteiras nacionais e passa a ser analisado no conceito geográfico do Atlântico Negro.
Movimentos na História: Notas sobre a Historiografia da Costa dos Escravos
Authors: Silva Marinélia Sousa da
Published: March 2016

Discuto alguns aspectos da historiografia produzida sobre o antigo reino do Daomé atual Benim, na passagem do século XX para o XXI. Enfatizo três aspectos dessa produção que se interrelacionam: as fontes e metodologias para o estudo da Costa dos Escravos; o reino do Daomé nos entremeios da escravidão e a dinâmica das etnicidades. Defendo que essas discussões trazem contribuições teórico-metedologicas significativas para a historiografia brasileira.
O Mistério do Simonal
Authors: Domingues Petrônio
Published: March 2016

ALEXANDRE, Ricardo. Nem vem que não tem: a vida e o veneno de Wilson Simonal. São Paulo: Editora Globo, 2009.
Representações e Respostas: Táticas no Combate ao Imaginário Racialista no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos na Virada do Século XIX
Authors: Gledhill Sabrina
Published: March 2016

Este artigo visa mostrar como Manuel R. Querino e Booker T. Washington usaram por meios diferentes a iconografia do negro para enfrentar os discursos sobre raça e identidade nacional construídos pelas ideologias fundamentadas no racialismo, que também produziram registros visuais, como as imagens somatológicas encomendadas no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos por Louis Agassiz.
Guerra e Cidadania de Primeira Classe
Authors: Francisco Flávio Thales Ribeiro
Published: March 2016

LENTHZ-SMITH, Adriene Danette. Freedom Struggles: African Americans and World War I. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009.
A luta anticolonial angolana em Luandino e Pepetela
Authors: Cione Vinicius Melleu
Published: March 2016

Este artigo discute Luuanda e Nós, os do Makulusu de José Luandino Vieira e Mayombe de Pepetela, com base no contexto de luta anti-colonial em Angola a partir da 2ª. Guerra Mundial. Inicialmente, é traçado um breve histórico sobre o ultracolonialismo português e sobre a trajetória da resistência angolana. Depois, são apresentados alguns autores fundamentais para o debate da autodeterminação dos povos do chamado Terceiro Mundo, como Balandier, Memmi, N’krumah e Fanon. Por fim, são trabalhadas estas três obras, escritas por dois intelectuais do MPLA, profundamente engajados na luta por libertação nacional.
Deus não é cristão e outras provocações
Authors: Martinez Paulo Henrique
Published: March 2016

TUTU, Desmond. Deus não é cristão e outras provocações. Trad. L. Jenkino. Rio de Janeiro: Thomas Nelson Brasil, 2012, 234 p.
A Caverna Do Diabo: O ensaio romântico de Valeriano De Souza e as religiões afrobrasileiras em Alagoas, no séc. XIX
Authors: Santos Irineia M. Franco dos
Published: March 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma reflexão inicial sobre o processo de constituição histórica das religiões afrobrasileiras em Alagoas, no século XIX. Para isso, utilizar-se-á como guia o folhetim “A Caverna do Diabo: ensaio romântico”, de Valeriano de Souza, publicado no jornal O Orbe, em diferentes edições no ano de 1884. Destaca-se ali, a ideologia da intelectualidade alagoana sobre os escravos, africanos e suas práticas mágico-religiosas. Também se problematiza o processo de constituição de uma identidade cultural local, permeada por concepções racistas e de demonização do “Outro”, que tendeu a se intensificar em fins do XIX e no Pós-Abolição. Por fim, busca-se estabelecer hipóteses de interpretação sobre a formação dos xangôs alagoanos que poderão contribuir com as novas pesquisas que surgem sobre o tema.
“O branco não tem panela para nos cozer”: eco popular dos movimentos pan-fricano e nacionalista no sul de Moçambique
Authors: Santana Jacimara Souza
Published: March 2016

O racismo e a desigualdade social experimentados por povos negros na África e diáspora suscitaram a emergência de um movimento pan-africanista. Nesse sentido, suas orientações filosóficas contribuíram no desencadeamento de processos de libertação nacional em diferentes países africanos entre os anos 50 e 70. Por isso, intelectuais daquele continente desempenharam um papel significativo nesses movimentos. Enquanto pensadores e ativistas políticos demonstraram ser indissociável o ser acadêmico do militante, o ser científico do político e o ser objetivo do subjetivo. Em termos da África Austral, intelectuais como Július Nyerere e Eduardo Chivambo Mondlane entraram para a história. Tais intelectuais foram exemplos daquela combinação, cujo empenho não se deve exclusivamente às influências estrangeiras, mas também às experiências pessoais de anônimos na história, provavelmente vitais para o processo de construção destas lideranças. Estes intelectuais políticos foram, por vezes, o eco de experiências das suas comunidades de origem. Em uma relação recíproca de inspiração e conivência, atores e atrizes destas comunidades atuaram enquanto coparticipantes nos processos de transformação, de modo coletivo ou individual. Pessoas que, apesar de não terem “alisado o banco da ciência”, demonstraram-se donas de uma sabedoria propiciadora de uma visão simples e profunda da vida, capaz de despertar a tomada de consciência e o encorajamento de outros no processo de transformação de uma dada realidade social. De modo que, alguns intelectuais foram e outros continuam sendo porta-vozes contemporâneos destas experiências e saberes. Neste artigo, ao invés de acompanhar a trajetória de um destes intelectuais, observando sua interação com a comunidade, demonstro expressões populares de pan-africanismo e nacionalismo no sul de Moçambique. Tais expressões, que ora superaram o status de uma reprodução do discurso dos intelectuais ora não, julgo terem contribuído com o processo de conscientização e manutenção da esperança de vitória sobre o colonialismo.
Hierarquia racial na era do pós-racialismo norte-americano
Authors: Francisco Flavio Thales Ribeiro
Published: March 2016

ALEXANDER, Michelle. The New Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. New Press: New York, 2012.
A Sociedade Geográfica Italiana e seu papel no projeto colonialista para a África, entre 1870 a 1889. Uma introdução à análise quantitativa
Authors: Cosenza Apoena Canuto
Published: March 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma leitura quantitativa da visão da Sociedade Geográfica Italiana (SGI) sobre a África. A SGI, desde de sua fundação, pretendeu ser uma fomentadora das políticas italianas de exploração econômica da África. Uma análise quantitativa sobre os temas dos artigos e notas divulgadas nos boletins da SGI, entre 1870 e 1889, podem ajudar a entender quais eram os interesses de parcelas da burguesia sobre o continente Africano. Ainda, permite perceber aspectos sobre como aquela sociedade influenciou (ou foi influenciada) pelas conquistas coloniais italianas.
O Pós-colonial a partir de Stuart Hall, Ella Shohat e Chinua Achebe.
Authors: Maia António Alone
Published: March 2016

O objetivo Geral deste trabalho é falar sobre a noção de pós-colonial. Especificamente, iremos falar sobre a noção de pós-colonial em Stuart Hall e Ella Shohat. Stuart Hall, no seu texto interrogativo, intitulado “Quando foi o Pós-Colonial? Pensando no limite” dialoga diretamente com Ella Shohat, ponto esse que faz com que os dois textos sejam complementares. O termo pós-colonial coloca muitas ambigüidades teóricas de espaço e tempo e do outro lado uma ambiguidade política. Quando realmente começa, em termos cronológicos o período pós-colonial? Em termos de espaço, qual é o País privilegiado onde teria começado o pós-colonial? São indagações que os autores estão levantando. Metodologicamente fizemos um recorte que perfaz uma tríade. Por isso, iremos tratar das noções de Pós-colonial a partir do texto de Hall e Shohat em conexão com a obra de Chinua Achebe, o Mundo se despedaça.
Resenha nacional: PLANOS DE SAÚDE – DOUTRINA, JURISPRUDÊNCIA E LEGISLAÇÃO
Authors: Cruz Joana Indjaian
Published: March 2016

Resenha sobre a publicação "PLANOS DE SAÚDE – DOUTRINA, JURISPRUDÊNCIA E LEGISLAÇÃO", de Luiz Henrique Sormani Barbugiani (Editora Saraiva, 2015)
A INTERNAÇÃO PSIQUIÁTRICA COMPULSÓRIA DE UM FAMILIAR UTILIZADA COMO MEDIDA PROTETIVA A IDOSOS
Authors: Ramos Priscila Freitas , Brito Cristiane Miryam Drumond de
Published: March 2016

A internação psiquiátrica é polêmica, principalmente quando não há o consentimento do sujeito. Constata-se, ainda na contemporaneidade, a internação psiquiátrica compulsória (IPC) como medida protetiva setorial específica de proteção à violação de direitos da pessoa idosa. Este artigo faz uma análise documental de processos civis do Ministério Público nos quais houve internações psiquiátricas compulsórias de usuários de álcool e outras drogas como medida específica de proteção à violação de direitos da pessoa idosa em um município de médio porte no interior do Estado de São Paulo. A análise foi realizada à luz das políticas públicas de saúde e de saúde mental e da Constituição Federal. A proteção do idoso é estabelecida via retirada do sujeito agressor de seu domicílio. Não foram verificadas, nos processos, ações da rede de cuidados intersetoriais garantidos nas políticas públicas atuais como procedimento prévio à IPC.
CONTRATOS DE PARCERIAS PÚBLICO-PRIVADAS NA GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS – ESTUDOS DE CASO
Authors: Munhoz Christine Parmezani
Published: March 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a concessão administrativa (Lei n. 11.079/2004 – Parcerias Público-Privadas, PPPs) na gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos e verificar a adequação desses contratos às diretrizes da Lei n. 12.305/2010 – Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS). A metodologia consistiu no estudo de caso em dois editais e minutas de contrato de PPPs, no município de São Carlos e na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte e Colar Metropolitano. Foi realizado o mapeamento dos indicadores de desempenho desses contratos, segundo quatro critérios: (a) minimização de resíduos; (b) valorização e tratamento de resíduos (reciclagem, compostagem etc.); (c) inclusão de catadores; e (d) participação social. Os resultados indicam que os contratos analisados atendem apenas a uma parte das diretrizes definidas pela PNRS e visam a solucionar principalmente a erradicação dos lixões e a disposição final adequada de resíduos em aterros sanitários. O objeto principal dos contratos continua vinculado ao antigo paradigma de coleta e transporte de resíduos e operação de aterros sanitários, com captação de gás para geração de energia. Para atender às políticas de minimização de resíduos, há incentivos financeiros para a redução na disposição final em aterros, mas não há metas contratuais fixas para desempenho da concessionária. Caso as políticas de minimização de resíduos, logística reversa e responsabilidade compartilhada sejam implementadas pelas esferas governamentais, os contratos possuem cláusulas de revisões periódicas para ajustes graduais, preservando o equilíbrio econômico-financeiro do contrato. No entanto, é necessário aprofundar a contratação por desempenho, com metas fixas que ampliem o diálogo com as diretrizes da PNRS.
Disporum xilingense (Colchicaceae), a new species from Sichuan, China, and the exclusion of D. leucanthum from the Chinese flora
Authors: ZHU XIN-XIN , ZHANG CHAN , SHEN BIN , LIU DE-TUAN , ZHANG LIN
Published: March 2016

Disporum xilingense is described from Sichuan, China. The new species is related to D. leucanthum and D. bodinieri, with which it shares similar terminal inflorescences, widely open and nodding flowers with tepals slightly saccate at the base. However, its narrowly lanceolate tepals 23–26 mm long with tapered lower part 5–6 mm long, stamens distinctly shorter than the tepals, and style equaling or slight longer than the tepals support recognition at the species rank. The new species is also similar to D. acuminatissimum in flower size and color, whereas D. xilingense differs by its acute apices of leaves and tepals, widely opening flowers, glabrous tepals only minutely papillate on the lower margin and inside, sharply narrowed and navicular tepal bases, stamens 14–16 mm long and style 24–26 mm long. Furthermore, data are reported to exclude D. leucanthum from the flora of China. The main morphological features of the new species are discussed and illustrations and an identification key are provided.
The new kid on the block
Authors: Ubochioma Wiseman
Published: March 2016

Since early 1990s, demutualization of stock exchanges has become a global trend. Recently, the Securities and Exchange Commission of Nigeria expressed the intention of Nigeria to join the global trend with the passage of the Securities and Exchange Commission Rules on Demutualization of 2015. This paper examines demutualization policy in Nigeria with particular reference to the issue of conflict of interest. It argues that conflict of interest in the post-demutualization era in Nigeria could be appropriately managed through the co-regulatory approach that is practised under the mutual structure, albeit with some reforms. The paper suggests two major reforms. First, the self-regulatory function of exchanges should be restructured in such a way that the role of exchanges as market operators would be distinct from their role as market regulators. Second, the regulatory role of the Securities and Exchange Commission should be expanded to include the power to appoint members of the board of management of a demutualized exchange; regulation of self-listing of a demutualized exchange; and adjudication of conflicts where the commercial interest of a demutualized exchange conflicts with that of a listed entity on the exchange. The paper further argues that such regulatory system would not only enhance the front-line regulatory responsibility of demutualized exchanges, but also ensure a balanced approach to regulation of conflicts of interest in post-demutualization era in Nigeria’s securities market.
Hepatic PPARγ Is Not Essential for the Rapid Development of Steatosis After Loss of Hepatic GH Signaling, in Adult Male Mice
Authors: Kineman Rhonda D. , Majumdar Neena , Subbaiah Papasani V. , Cordoba-Chacon Jose
Published: March 2016

Our group has previously reported de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and hepatic triglyceride content increases in chow-fed male mice within 7 days of hepatocyte-specific GH receptor knockdown (aLivGHRkd). Here, we report that these changes are associated with an increase in hepatic expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), consistent with previous reports showing steatosis is associated with an increase in PPARγ expression in mice with congenital loss of hepatic GH signaling. PPARγ is thought to be an important driver of steatosis by enhancing DNL, as well as increasing the uptake and esterification of extrahepatic fatty acids (FAs). In order to determine whether hepatic PPARγ is critical for the rapid development of steatosis in the aLivGHRkd mouse model, we have generated aLivGHRkd mice, with or without PPARγ (ie, adult-onset, hepatocyte-specific double knockout of GHR and PPARγ). Hepatic PPARγ was not required for the rapid increase in liver triglyceride content or FA indexes of DNL (16:0/18:2 and 16:1/16:0). However, loss of hepatic PPARγ blunted the rise in fatty acid translocase/CD36 and monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 expression induced by aLivGHRkd, and this was associated with a reduction in the hepatic content of 18:2. These results suggest that the major role of PPARγ is to enhance pathways critical in uptake and reesterification of extrahepatic FA. Because FAs have been reported to directly increase PPARγ expression, we speculate that in the aLivGHRkd mouse, the FA produced by DNL enhances the expression of PPARγ, which in turn increases extrahepatic FA uptake, thereby further enhancing PPARγ activity and exacerbating steatosis overtime.
Evidence on the Presence of Representativeness Bias in Investor Interpretation of Consistency in Sales Growth
Authors: Ahmed Anwer S. , Safdar Irfan
Published: March 2016

We document that consistent patterns of high or low sales growth that are incongruent with underlying fundamentals are followed by significant stock price reversals. In contrast, no stock return reversals are found for firms that achieve the same level of sales growth in an inconsistent manner. Furthermore, future earnings announcement returns mimic the pattern of abnormal stock returns documented for the Consistent- and Inconsistent-Growth portfolios, respectively, corroborating our main findings. Our results are robust to controls for the magnitude of sales growth, fundamental strength, business cycle risk exposures, and standard risk factors. Our evidence is consistent with representativeness bias affecting investor interpretation of consistency in sales growth patterns.

This paper was accepted by Mary Barth, accounting.
Adverse Incentives in Crowdfunding
Authors: Hildebrand Thomas , Puri Manju , Rocholl Jörg
Published: March 2016

This paper analyzes the substantially growing markets for crowdfunding, in which retail investors lend to borrowers without financial intermediaries. Critics suggest that these markets allow sophisticated investors to take advantage of unsophisticated investors. The growth and viability of these markets critically depend on the underlying incentives. We provide evidence of perverse incentives in crowdfunding that are not fully recognized by the market. In particular, we look at group leader bids in the presence of origination fees and find that these bids are (wrongly) perceived as a signal of good loan quality, resulting in lower interest rates. Yet these loans actually have higher default rates. These adverse incentives are overcome only with sufficient skin in the game and when there are no origination fees. The results from the analysis in this paper provide more general implications for crowdfunding, its structure, and its regulation.

This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
Asymmetric Bertrand-Edgeworth-Chamberlin Competition with Linear Demand: A Pediatric Vaccine Pricing Model
Authors: Behzad Banafsheh , Jacobson Sheldon H.
Published: March 2016

Pricing strategies in the U.S. pediatric vaccines market are studied using a Bertrand-Edgeworth-Chamberlin price game. The game analyzes the competition between asymmetric manufacturers with limited production capacities and linear demand, producing differentiated products. The model completely characterizes the unique pure strategy equilibrium in the Bertrand-Edgeworth-Chamberlin competition in an oligopoly setting. In addition, the complete characterization of mixed strategy equilibrium is provided for a duopoly setting. The results indicate that the pure strategy equilibrium exists if the production capacity of a manufacturer is at their extreme. For the capacity regions where no pure strategy equilibrium exists, there exists a mixed strategy equilibrium. A duopoly setting provides the distribution functions of the mixed strategy equilibrium for both manufacturers. The proposed game is applied to the U.S. pediatric vaccine market, in which a few asymmetric vaccine manufacturers produce differentiated vaccines. The source of differentiation in the competing vaccines is the number of medically adverse events, the number of different antigens, and special advantages of those vaccines. The results indicate that the public sector prices of the vaccines are higher than the vaccine equilibrium prices. Furthermore, the situation when shortages of certain pediatric vaccines occur is studied. Market demand and degree of product differentiation are shown as two key factors in computing the equilibrium prices of the vaccines.
Ivabradine: a SHIFT in heart failure management
Authors: Sasidharan Deepa
Published: March 2016

This article outlines the use of ivabradine as a pharmacological approach in chronic heart failure. Ivabradine is a specific heart-rate reducing agent that is proven to be effective in symptomatic heart failure. This article looks at the benefits of adding ivabradine to standard heart failure therapy, as well as its indications, contraindications and side effects, and explains the underlying pathophysiology and pharmacokinetics. It also provides guidance on safe management and monitoring of patients on ivabradine by explaining the responsibilities of the nurse prescriber or prescribing physician. Information needed for patient counselling is also covered in this article.
Developing and maintaining your brand by mastering the four Ps of marketing
Authors: Smith Victoria
Published: March 2016

The four Ps of marketing—product, place, price and promotion—should be taken into consideration when making decisions that may affect your brand. The goal is to make decisions centred around on the customer in your target market, to create value and generate a positive response. In this article, Victoria Smith recommends ways in which aesthetic practitioners can engage in brand development
Polydioxanone thread lifting: considerations and patient expectations
Authors: Swaminathan Vikram
Published: March 2016

The thread lift is becoming an increasingly popular treatment within the field of aesthetic medicine. The procedure can be performed using polydioxanone (PDO) threads to lift, tighten and rejuvenate areas of sagging skin, and minimise fatty tissue. This allows for the non-surgical redefinition of facial contours and enhancement of skin integrity. Thread lifting with PDO can also provide certain aspects of the much sought after surgical facelift in a clinic setting. PDO threads aim to promote targeted lipolysis of fatty areas and neocollagenesis in sagging skin, as well as lift the treated areas. However, it is important to note that the extent of these enhancements varies between individuals, and can carry unwanted side effects. The author draws on his experience to discuss the importance of managing patient expectations pre and post PDO thread lifting, describe the treatment's mechanisms of action, and highlight important considerations for aesthetic practitioners who wish to pursue these treatments.
Beautification or distortion? Tackling the lip augmentation phenomenon
Authors: Brackenbury Julie
Published: March 2016

Lips with an accentuated border have often been associated with beauty and youth, and enhanced lip fullness is an established indicator of sensuality. However, more and more women, including adolescents, are now seeking lip enhancement as a result of poor body image, combined with the pressures of society and mass media. Julie Brackenbury discusses the implications of this trend in aesthetic practice
Components of a successful consultation: care, consent and documentation
Authors: Di-Scala Naomi
Published: March 2016

In many cases, claims can be prevented by completing specific steps both before treatment and/or in handling a complaint. By obtaining informed consent and making detailed patient notes, for example, practitioners may be in a better position to defend themselves and keep their costs to a minimum. Naomi Di-Scala explores why the consultation is the hallmark of every patient-practitioner relationship