bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plastic Waste: Global Impact and Ways to Reduce Environmental Harm
Authors: Shershneva E G
Published: March 2021

The article considers the problem of plastic waste growth in global scale and ways to decline harmful consequences. Dynamics of the volume of non-degradable plastic and the distribution of waste on land and water are analysed. Negative effects of plastic waste on different types of bioresources and human health are identified. In this context, the author presents paradox of “plastic trap”: a contradiction between positive properties of plastic and global problems of its use. Based on literature review, it is shown that the water environment is most heavily polluted, and it can lead to the situation “there is more plastic in a sea than fish”. It is actualized, that to get out of the “plastic trap” it is necessary to combine the efforts of the state, business and society. State regulation of plastic production and consumption, development of recycling technologies and creation of biodegradable plastic analogues are suggested as a key restoring ways. Plastic is a raw material for various technological processes, so efforts are needed to improve the efficiency of its recycling. It is generalized that natural materials as starch, corn, sugar cane, grain husks, algae, chitin and parts of plants can be used for production of biopolymers.
Mechanism of the Taxable Capacity Management in the Regions, Based on the Study of Krasnodar Krai
Authors: Ostovskaya A A , Salabutin A
Published: March 2021

The main foreign approaches to the formation and implementation of state tax policy in the context of their adaptation to national realities are generalized. The system analysis of foreign experience in relation to state tax policy revealed that the most valuable experience in the field of its implementation into the national legislation. It was emphasized that in order to improve the mechanisms of state tax policy, this positive experience can be successfully adapted to the current conditions. This mechanism involves managing the structural relationship of tax potential and social economic potential of the region. The organizational and economic mechanism for managing the tax potential of the region as the most important instrument for implementing state tax policy is a compromise solution to the problems of social economic development of the regions, which allows optimizing inter-budgetary relations, increase tax revenues of the consolidated budget of the region.
Method of Use and Tools of Geographic Information Systems in Subsoil Use
Authors: Dadykin V S , Dadikina O V , Shkaberin V A
Published: March 2021

This article is concerned with the methodology and tooling of applying geoinformation systems according to users of subsurface resources. Currently Rosgeolfond uses various geographic information systems (GIS) that allow accumulating, updating, verifying, and monitoring the geological and economic information used in the decision-making process at the Federal and regional levels. At the same time in recent years solutions of such systems in data maintenance of digital topographic basic principles of standard scale economic sector have increased significantly. Meanwhile the companies which are users of subsurface resources need badly both a methodology for using geoinformation systems in mineral resource management and the availability of similar tools in terms of functionality. The purpose of this article is to develop methods and tools as represented by set of logical stages for the employment of geoinformation systems in subsurface use. The work is carried out with the financial support of the grant of the President of the Russian Federation No. MD-2409.2020.5.
Method of Use GIS Technology in Compiling Passports of the State Cadastre of Deposits
Authors: Dadykin V S , Dadykina O V , Skantsev V M
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the problems of using GIS technologies in compiling passports of the state cadastre of deposits. Currently, modern GIS technologies are quite effectively used to make GIS projects of digital maps for placing forecast resources on solid minerals as cartographic applications for issuing the appropriate balances. Creating the state cadastre passports of deposits could also be automated using GIS technologies. In this regard, forming a methodology for the GIS technology use in compiling the state cadastre passports of deposits is of particular relevance, which determined the purpose of this article. The necessity to integrate the proposed information system with the existing data resources of the Federal Agency on Subsoil Usage and the Russian Geological Fund should also be taken into account. This work was financially supported by the grant of the President of the Russian Federation No. MD-2409.2020.5.
Development of the Concept of Rational Use of Land on the Example of the Penza Region
Authors: Hametov T I , Ponomareva I K , Akifev I V , Pozubenkova E I
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the rational use of land, which is exacerbated in connection with the conditions of the diversity of forms of ownership and management on land. Many lands are not used for their intended purpose and the disposal of land from agricultural circulation, as well as due to erosion, waterlogging and other factors, leads to a decrease in the level of land provision of the population. In recent years, the amount of organic and mineral fertilizers introduced into the soil has decreased. Improving the condition of land and increasing the efficiency of their use is a large complex task that requires significant investment, both from the state and from specific land users. The research hypothesis - land management processes are also developing from the classical approach, focused on forest belts, tin ravines, improvement of crop rotation and similar events, modern enterprises partially depart in two directions - either using business planning or using the postulates of strategic management. The authors developed recommendations to improve the efficiency of agricultural land use in the Penza region.
Emotional Load on Navigators Under Heavy Ship Traffic
Authors: Grinyak V M , Devyatisilnyi A S , Shulenina A V
Published: March 2021

The paper deals with the navigational safety of marine traffic. It examines the problem of determining the degree of danger of traffic scheme employed in a certain water area. In addition to technical and natural factors, the nature of the psychological and emotional stress on navigators should also be taken into account when assessing the risk of a traffic pattern, which is especially important in high traffic density. Metric is suggested to be introduced as one of possible variations based the model “room-of-maneuver”. The purpose of this work is to study mathematical models and traffic danger estimation techniques which are dimed to be implemented in forward-looking intellectual traffic control systems. The measure of the emotional load is the degree and nature of the filling of the “room-of-maneuver” chart, the ratio of dangerous and safe values of the speed and course of the vessel in conditions of intensity traffic. The characteristic values of this metric for a specific marine area are an important and informative indicator that determines the navigational safety. A promising way to estimate metrics is to use data from the Automatic Identification System. The paper presents a model of traffic data available on open Internet resources, a way to bring them to a form suitable for analysis. The work is accompanied with the results of the study made on location. Estimation analysis of danger to traffic in the waters of the Tsugaru Strait and Inner Sea of Japan has been presented.
Methodical Approach Cleaning Emergency Ventilation Systems Emissions of Harmful Substances
Authors: Zherlykina M N , Yaremenko S A , Kononova M S
Published: March 2021

In the event of an emergency situation at an industrial site with the release of ventilation systems into the atmosphere, a cleaning device is required, which should ensure that the excess of the explosive concentration in the surface layer of the atmosphere is above the normative value. Quantitatively, the release of explosives depends on the degree of depressurization of the system, its volume and pressure in it, the speed of the formation of the team to close the shut-off organs and its execution. The purification device of emergency emissions should have the properties of adequate counteraction to the specified accident factors for equipment that does not have internal self-protection. The emergency emissions are of a probabilistic nature, and therefore the structure of the treatment equipment and its operating conditions must differ from the structure and conditions when cleaning only technological emissions. The cleaning equipment must be able to neutralize large mass outlays of emissions in a short period of time, the operation of the equipment must be built on the principle of waiting for work, that is, in the automated mode, the time of entry into operation should be determined when hazardous concentrations of explosives in the room occur. The performance of the exhaust emergency ventilation and the moment of its activation are determined by the conditions for reaching the concentration of explosives in the room not exceeding 0,1 of the lower concentration limit of flame propagation in gasair explosive mixtures and ensuring dispersion of surface concentrations not higher than the established standard values, and for non-explosive mixtures – Only the second condition.
Technological Features of Well Equipment Work under Production of Oils with Increased and High Viscosity
Authors: Ivanova T N
Published: March 2021

Fields with hard-to-recover reserves include formations with small oil-saturated thickness, low-permeable reservoirs and formations with great depth of occurrence. Oil recovery from these fields is entailed by premature failures of well equipment. To increase technological efficiency of production of high-viscous oils of the well stock equipped with walking beam pumping unit (WBPU) it is proposed to use sucker-rod pump with an external weighting agent. Introduction of this type of pumps will allow increasing the value of minimum load on sucker-rod string during its downward stroke, which will reduce the value of amplitude loads. Additional load, created by external weighting agent, will prevent the rod string from hovering due to high hydrodynamic friction forces caused by the increased and high viscosity of the pumped fluid. The technological efficiency of introducing this pump in wells with WBPU is demonstrated. Calculations made allow us to determine necessary weight of heavy bottom according to viscosity of the produced fluid.
Livestock Machinery Maintenance Efficiency
Authors: Kokieva G E , Voinash S A , Sokolova V A , Gogolevski A S
Published: March 2021

The paper describes the livestock machinery maintenance efficiency and the system of operating mechanisms. Reforming conventional and creating new organizational structures of the economic management in the agrarian sector, which is aimed at improving the efficiency of the industry, predetermines the need for a radical solution to the issue of feasible provision of agricultural producers with all types of resources, and especially technical ones, at this stage. In solving this issue, the relevant differential rates of demand for resources considering the production volume should acquire great importance. It is suggested to increase their role as not obligatory indicators but measures of endowment, the feasibility of using resources, as well as the creation of facilities for the production of the machinery and equipment required to meet the demand of agriculture for them.
Propagation of Waves in the Soil Under the Vibration Effect of Working Bodies on It
Authors: Konstantinov M M , Drozdov S N , Mukhamedov V R , Nuralin B N
Published: March 2021

The article shows the main problems in using the bit for the main tillage. A method for reducing traction resistance by introducing internally oriented vibrations into the design of a tillage tool is proposed. The design of a debalance vibrator, as well as the principle of its operation, which helps to reduce the traction resistance of deep rippers, is considered. Theoretical hypotheses and directions for further research of this method of solving the identified problem are formulated.
Application of the GPR Method for Engineering and Survey Work in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky City
Authors: Pavlova V Yu
Published: March 2021

The use of geophysical research methods in engineering and geological surveys qualitatively increases the geological information content of the studied area. The article shows the experience of using the GPR method at various construction sites in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky City. All these results are presented on the example of work on objects of different levels of social significance. Thanks to the data obtained, it becomes possible to clarify soil conditions and make the right decisions when designing construction objects, as a result of which engineering surveys become less costly.
Interdependence of Professional Expertise and Occupational Risk of Oil and Gas Field Workers
Authors: Gorlenko N V , Murzin M A
Published: March 2021

The article considers the interdependence of professional expertise and the risks of workers engaged in the development of oil and gas fields. The gradual automation of processes and the introduction of high-tech equipment requires enterprise personnel to have ever-increasing knowledge, unique competences and skills, as well as certain personal qualities or professional expertise. The aim of this work is to determine the influence of the workers’ professional expertise on the occupational risk and to introduce the “human factor” in the procedure for assessing occupational risks. A possible way of assessing a worker and his professional expertise is the so-called System for Assessing and Controlling Occupational Risks, the main purpose of which is to preserve the health of enterprise personnel. To implement this system, we chose Irkutsk Oil Company LLC, namely, the development site of the Yarakta field located in the Irkutsk Region. Based on the analysis and evaluation, it was found that a worker with a high level of professional expertise was able to perform tasks in particularly hazardous production working conditions at the proper level. This approach allows giving an objective assessment of the knowledge, skills and competences of each worker in a particular workplace.
Influence of Positioning of Unregulated Pedestrian Crossings on Traffic Capacity of Urban Streets
Authors: Efimov A D , Nefedov V V , Bessarabov A N
Published: March 2021

Intensive growth of the car ownership level leads to a significant load on separate parts of urban motorway network in cities. Many cities have an established historic development, and in this case the one and only solution of the problem of increase of traffic capacity of urban streets is alternation of the traffic patterns. The conducted researches provide for analytic forecast of the change in traffic load rate in proximity to unregulated pedestrian crossings.
Foreign Experience of Innovation Development of the Mining Industry in the Northern and Arctic Countries
Authors: Tsukerman V A , Kozlov A A
Published: March 2021

The work considers the experience of innovation development of mining sectors of the Arctic foreign countries. Arctic countries have created quite closely linked innovation systems in which the development of infrastructure as well as investments in human capital form and maintain high levels of innovation development of mining sectors. Study and systematization of the relevant foreign experience can become the basis for the development of a state regulation strategy of innovation development of mining sectors in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
Mathematical Modelling of Production Localization with Risks of Technological Disaster
Authors: Soboleva O V , Brizitskaya A V , Dyachenko Yu K
Published: March 2021

In the present paper the propagation of pollutants due to a technological disaster is simulated. This will allow us at the design stage to identify areas of the terrain where the concentration of harmful substances will be increased in the event of an accident. For this purpose, theoretical and numerical analysis of boundary value and extremum problems for the reaction-diffusion-convection model is carried out.
Rationing of the Nickel Content in Soils of the Rainfed Agricultural Landscapes of the Rostov Region
Authors: Kohanistaya N V
Published: March 2021

At present, the problem of conducting a reliable environmental and geochemical assessment of the territory is becoming most acute, which cannot be carried out without the use of reliable and scientifically sound soil pollution criteria. This article used the method of determining regional maximum permissible concentrations (RMPC), developed by V E Zakrutkin et al., which allows to develop reliable, logically corresponding to the local geochemical background, standards and taking into account the features of bioaccumulation of trace elements by various plant crops. As a result of the work, RPDC of nickel content in chernozems and chestnut soils, which are the most common types of soils in the Rostov region, were obtained.
Theoretical Approaches in the Organization of Transport Services by Taxi
Authors: Volodkin P , Ryzhova A , Arkhipov S.
Published: March 2021

Public passenger transport of the Russian Federation provides about 85% of the labor and domestic trips of the population in urban and suburban traffic. Taxi transport is currently the third largest in terms of the volume of services provided, which is primarily associated with the convenience of delivery, the level of prices, the stereotype of consumer behavior, the emergence of new services - services for on-line taxi booking ( aggregators), lack of government regulation of the market, lack of passenger insurance. In recent years, in the concepts of development of the transport sector, transport strategies, much attention has been paid to improving the quality of transport services. In order to improve and expand the passenger transportation market, it is necessary to create favorable market conditions for taxi companies. Today, private transport and passenger taxis can make significant competition to municipal transport. Due to the complexity of the concept of “transport service”, many activities aimed at improving its quality do not produce tangible results due to insufficiently developed methodological foundations. Improving the quality of public services by taxi cars should be based on an objective comprehensive assessment of the state of transport and determining the prospects for their development, based on the forecasting of the main technical and operational indicators.
Comprehensive Modernization of the Chassis of a Two-Link Tracked Transporter
Authors: Dobretsov R Yu , Voinash S A , Ariko S Ye , Sidorov M V
Published: March 2021

The article considers the issue of modernization of the chassis of a two-link tracked transporter by applying the electromechanical drive sections. As a prototype was selected the chassis of the tracked transporters of the DT series with a mechanical transmission, which are produced serial in the Russian Federation. The proposed hybrid power installation concept can be classified as a “parallel-successive” hybrid. The relevance of the concept is determined by the expectation of operational advantages (increase of reliability, maneuverability, controllability, cross-country ability and traction-dynamic properties of the chassis and economy), which will allow to integrate such chassis into transport systems of regions with poorly developed road network infrastructure and will allow to distribution it on difficult terrain. The proposed set of modernization measures allows us to maintain the possibility of using two-link tracked transporter on soils with low bearing capacity, on off-highway, in the climatic conditions of the Far East, Far North, Arctic and Antarctic. Modernization can be carried out in the factory using components produced in the Russian Federation and technologies developed by Russian industry. The proposed design changes expand the operational capabilities of the machine without a significant increase in mass. Technical solutions are applicable when creating multi-link machines.
Analysis of the Influence of the Parameters of the Object of Labor on the Geometric Characteristics of the Levers of the Skidder
Authors: Chernik D V , Karelina A A , Kazancev R V
Published: March 2021

The following logging technologies are known today: logging in the form of trees, whips, assortments and wood chips. The most common are logging in the form of whips and assortments. When logging in the form of whips or trees, a skidder is used, which carries out transportation of felled whips or trees to a loading dock. Blockless skidding machines equipped with technological equipment in the form of a manipulator with a gripper and a conic clamping device are widely used in the Russian forest industry. In the process of moving trees into a conical clamping device, as well as in the process of skidding, interaction forces arise between the grip and the tree, which must be taken into account when designing technological equipment for skidding machines. Due to the large variety of trees, it is also necessary to take into account the mass and geometric characteristics of trees. The article publishes the methodology and results of the study of the influence of breed and category of trees on the geometric characteristics of the capture skidder.
Air Pollution Investigated by Fluctuating Asymmetry of Leaves
Authors: Khusnullin R R , Minakova E A , Latipova V Z , Basyyrov A M
Published: March 2021

Air pollution is an increasing threat in urban as well as rural areas. Particularly, motor vehicles and their exhaust gases cause considerable health risks. In addition to traditional air monitoring, we propose a new method by investigating morphological changes of leaves coming from trees that are located near streets or roads. Shape changes were measured by computing the already established fluctuating asymmetry index. Results of this study indicate that although air pollution may be lower in rural areas, the influence to the ecosystem can be quite comparable to urban areas.
Improving Energy Efficiency of Main Oil Pipeline Systems by Method of Multidimensional Network Optimization of Oil Flows
Authors: Tashbulatov R R , Karimov R M , Bakhtizin R N
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to explore the organization of oil’s traffic from various oilfields through a system of main pipelines adapted to control the rheological properties of the pumped product due to rational oil blending of various oilfields at the nodal points of the pipeline system – at oil pumping stations with storage facilities. The current trend of increasing high-viscosity and high-pour-point oil production and the urgent need of their main pipeline transport are the main problem of our research. Its solution will provide an oil-transfer system from various oilfields that will minimize the total energy consumption for oil pumping. To determine the blending parameters at the nodal points we suggest to use the standard multidimensional optimization algorithm: the simplex method as the main calculation module. The objective function is presented in the form of total energy consumption for oil pumping, depending on the concentration of oil blending at the nodal points of the main oil pipeline system. We propose a method for calculating the objective function for any branched main oil pipeline system using algorithms for constructing a blending tree and determining its properties using the tree traversal algorithm. The issues of determining the limits of possible blending based on mass balance and quality reserve preservation of oils that delivered to consumers were also considered in our paper work. As an example, we solved this problem for an element of a main oil pipeline system with four oil blending nodes in the case of an oil viscosity increase of one of the suppliers. Carrying out multidimensional optimization of energy consumption for this system made it possible to increase its energy efficiency by more than 2%.
Indicators and Factors Resulting in Crisis Phenomena Related to the Environment Hazard of Accumulated Mineral Processing Wastes at Closed Mining Enterprises
Authors: Krupskaya L T , Golubev D A , Kolobanov K A
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of multi-year research within the limits of closed mining enterprises impact in the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD). In the last century, here, a large amount of sulphidized toxic mineral processing wastes, stored in tailing dumps, negatively affecting the environment, was accumulated. Unfortunately, their conservation and reclamation have not been carried out; they pose a huge threat not only to the ecosphere, but also to public health. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify the indicators and factors causing crisis phenomena related to environment hazard of accumulated toxic waste and to substantiate the possibility of reducing their negative impact on biosphere components and human health. Natural and mining technogenic systems formed in the last century by the activity of closed mining enterprises in the Amur River basin, having biosphere importance, were the object of the study.

The following methods were used: systematization, scientific forecasting, physical and chemical, biological methods, as well as mathematical modeling, GIS-technologies, etc.

The article substantiates the necessity of effective solution of the above problem. The present state of tailing dumps has been studied and it has been established that the waste is of the second class (high-hazard). It is revealed that the level of technogenic pollution of environment objects exceeds regional background indicators in dozens (up to 28-46) times, and MPC - in hundreds, up to 225 and more, times. It was shown that the surface of the tailing dumps has not overgrown naturally for 30 years. The results of the patent search and our own experimental research allowed us to develop technological solutions to ensure environment safety of mineral processing toxic wastes. The principles of ensuring environment safety of tailing dumps containing toxic wastes have been developed. New methods of their surface productivity replenishment using innovative approaches have been created, their novelty was confirmed by the Patents of the Russian Federation.
The Collection of Fossil Plants from Perm Deposits of the Urals in the Museum of Karst and Speleology of the Mining Institute of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Naumkin D V
Published: March 2021

The article provides a brief description of the Permian fossil flora collection stored in the Karst and Speleology Museum of the Mining Institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Samples were collected in the Perm region and Tatarstan; they belong to the Kungur and Kazan tiers of the Perm system. The collection is dominated by imprints of peltaspermic and ginkgophytes, which corresponds to their prevalence in the studied locations. Among them are very attractive specimens. Unfortunately, the museum’s display capabilities are limited, and only a small part of the collection is available for inspection.
Experimental Studies of the Resistance of Transport Ships at Moving in Composite Broken Ice
Authors: Zuev V A , Kalinina N V , Moskvicheva Y A
Published: March 2021

Arctic ships move in broken ice most of the time. Therefore, forecasting the ice performance of ships when moving in a channel behind an icebreaker or in natural broken ice is relevant at the design stage. For this, theoretical and experimental studies of the movement of various models of ships in a small experimental basin were carried out. The process of modeling and testing of models of active ice navigation ships in a composite ice model is described. Test results and formulas for assessing ice resistance are given. They are derived from the analysis of model tests. Conclusions about the possibility of carrying out and obtaining reliable results of the experiment in small experimental pools are made. The resistance when moving ships in a wide ice channel does not differ from the resistance when moving ships in a field of broken ice. The jamming of ice floes between the edges of the channel and the side occurs when ships move in a narrow channel. Consequently, the “buffering effect” occurs and the resistance increases significantly.
Life-Cycle Assessment of Kelp in Biofuel Production
Authors: Shushpanova D V , Kapralova D O
Published: March 2021

The study is devoted to the life cycle assessment and perspectives of the kelp seaweed of the Russian Federation northern seas water areas usage for the biogas, bioethanol and biodiesel production. The article presents the stages of seaweed growth, its harvesting (including environmental impact of different types), transportation, dewatering and three types of biofuel processing. Conclusions are made on the potential use of kelp seaweed as a feedstock for biofuel production for the northern regions of Russia (on the example of Arkhangelsk region). A diagram of the biofuel production from kelp seaweed life cycle is also presented.
Development of a Method for Minimizing the Negative Environmental Impact of Drill Cuttings by Using It as a Mineral Powder in Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Vlasov A S , Pugin K G
Published: March 2021

The article describes the problem of environmental pollution from the placement of drill cuttings in it. The main sources of contamination are oil products included in the drill cuttings, chemicals added to the drilling fluid, and heavy metals. In order to reduce the negative impact, it was proposed to use the resource potential of drill cuttings as a mineral powder in the technology for producing asphalt concrete. Samples of drill cuttings were taken in the fields of Western Siberia. It has been established that there are no excesses in the standards for the content of heavy metals in mobile form in samples of drill cuttings. The analysis of physical and chemical characteristics showed that there are high values of COD, oil content, dry residue, rigidity, magnesium and calcium ions, chlorides. Laboratory studies have shown the possibility of using drill cuttings as a mineral powder in asphalt concrete. The optimum composition of the asphalt mixture was obtained. The obtained physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concrete samples comply with the requirements of regulatory documents. It is established that the strength characteristics depend on the percentage of drill cuttings in asphalt concrete: with an increase in the share of drill cuttings, the value of the tensile strength decreases, and at the same time there is a discrepancy with regulatory requirements.
Reorganization of Waste Management Scheme for Construction and Demolition
Authors: Gorbachevskii V P , Pakhomova L A , Borovskih A V
Published: March 2021

The subject of the study is the organization of waste management of construction and demolition in the context of large-scale urban programs for new construction and renovation. This work is aimed at analyzing the principles of organizing the processing of construction waste and forming a proposal for the modernization of functional and planning schemes for handling construction and demolition waste in the context of large-scale urban programs for new construction and renovation. The following materials and methods were used: normative and technical documentation, construction organization projects, a list of environmental protection measures developed as part of the project documentation of implemented capital construction projects; additive scientometric analysis, generalization and presentation of aggregate experimental data on aspects of waste management of construction and demolition. The analysis of the principles of organization of processing of construction waste is performed. The functional and planning scheme of a stationary unit for processing construction and demolition waste and creating (producing) finished products with the integration of construction waste to create materials and products for new construction and renovation is proposed. The future use of the proposed functional and planning schemes is focused on making correct organizational and technological decisions when preparing organizational and technological documentation for capital construction projects. The development and implementation of economically and technologically sound management schemes for construction waste plays a relevant role in achieving responsible consumption and production, as well as in ensuring the transition to rational management models.
Organic Waste as a Renewable Energy Source
Authors: Zimoglyad A D , Klimanov T V , Terlyga N S
Published: March 2021

The problem of recycling organic waste is a relevant one, as the accumulation of industrial, domestic and agricultural pollution that negatively affects the biosphere continues. It causes pollution of air, water, land and adversely affects human health. In developed countries resources are increasingly being reused and it’s called “recycling economy”. Recycling involves reuse or recycling of production or waste. Two points there are particularly significant: turns waste into a resource; prevents the costs that society would incur in their polygon burial. Food waste effluents are huge. Food waste taken to landfills rots, attracting disease carriers. Greenhouse gases - carbon dioxide and methane - are released in rotting processes with negative local and global effects (climate impacts).
Mine Surveying Control of Wells
Authors: Mogilny S , Sholomitskii A
Published: March 2021

The article considers the problems of increasing the accuracy and reliability of processing of inclinometric and telemetric data. It provides the review of domestic and foreign references for the topic. It is noted that by no means all the tasks are solved methodically correctly and most effectively. The work proposes the method of processing the inclinometric survey data, which takes into account the data correlation of adjacent intervals. It also provides statistic solution of the task of determining the ellipsoid crossing, undetermined location of well bottom and design tolerance area. The algorithms proposed in the work are realized in program complex “Mining and geodetic networks and survey”. The analysis of error accumulation in determination of well bottom undetermined ellipsoid showed that calculation without taking into account the correlation of adjacent intervals underrates the final error, i.e. the size of undetermined ellipsoid by 20 – 40%. The determination of tolerance area sizes must be performed for a particular deposit or a group of deposits with similar mountainous and geological conditions. The increase in wellbore accuracy requires the increase of instrumental accuracy of telemetric and inclinometric devices.
Complex Use of Various Types of Energy in Processes of Food Production and Storage
Authors: Ermoshin N A , Romanchikov S A , Nikolyuk O I
Published: March 2021

In order to improve the technological equipment of the food industry the issues of the development and application of innovations in food production are considered. The effects of the use of traditional types of energy and physical and mechanical fields in the production, storage and transportation of food are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the complex effects of fields with various nature on technological processes. New principles of the development and production of technological equipment based on the synergy of heat, ultrasound, vacuum, pressure, electromagnetic effects, mechanical vibration are proposed. To estimate the effect of the integrated use of various types of energy in the preparation and storage of food products, a synergy coefficient has been introduced and justified. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the complex effect of various types of energy on the initial components of food products and their production processes are presented in the form of graphs. The assessment of the effects of the integrated application of vepol technologies, allowing to increase the efficiency of technological equipment, productivity, to reduce energy costs, increase the usable shelf life of products, make it safer and better.
Substantiation of the Project of an Environment Protection Thermal Protective Product for Disabled People Taking into Account the Impact of Environmental Factors of the Natural and Technical Environment
Authors: Babenko L G , Molev M D , Savelyeva N Yu
Published: March 2021

The article presents the research results of the impact of various environmental factors on the design parameters of heat-protective products for the disabled. It is shown that the assessment of the environmental friendliness and safety of this type of clothing must be considered in the framework of the complex dynamic system «external environment – clothing – people». Detailed attention is paid to the research of the effects of thermo-physical factors on human body of people with limited motor capabilities in negative ambient temperatures. Based on the results of the analysis, a working hypothesis of research has been put forward and confirmed. It was established that the design of a heat-protective product must be carried out taking into account the individual characteristics of the body, which are manifested in the complex elements interaction of the subsystems of the specified system. In the framework of this thesis, the analysis of the relationship of factors is carried out and parametric assessment of the adaptation of the disabled people to temperature variations is given. To justify the choice of material types and structural elements of the product, a mathematical model of heat transfer processes has been developed to provide a qualitative forecast of the thermal state of the human body.
Zero-Emission Water Cycle When Developing Underground Gas Storage in Rock Salt Formation
Authors: Lokshina E A , Kolchin A V , Mastobaev B N
Published: March 2021

The aim of the work is the possibility of creating a closed water cycle during the development of underground gas storages in rock salt formations with obtaining commercial sodium chloride. Desalination experiments were carried out on standardized test solutions with various concentrations of sodium chloride (1%, 5%, and 10% solutions NaCl). Desalination was executed on a pilot electrodialysis unit, as this process has a higher degree of concentration than reverse osmosis. The dissolution rates of formation (NaCl) were determined under conditions of salt formation washing-out. Optimal concentrations of brine were defined experimentally. The possible salt rejection is determined. It is possible to direct the concentrate to the evaporation unit and obtain commercial salt - sodium chloride. Experiments have shown that it is possible to desalinate brine obtained by formation washing-out and reuse the desalted permeate. This reduces operational costs, as to obtain commercial product it is required smaller volume of evaporation unit. It also helps to reduce consumption of fresh water needed to salt formation washing-out. The flowsheet of the water cycle during the development of underground gas storages in salt formations with obtaining a commercial product at the output has been developed.
Corrosion Resistance of Quenched Aluminum Alloys with Transition Metals
Authors: Mishenina I , Khudoyan M , Barviniuk N
Published: March 2021

One of the effective and real ways to increase the corrosion resistance of a material is to increase its tendency to passivation and increase the stability of a passive state. As a rule, this reduces the effect of anticorrosive alloying of Al and Fe with metals, which, despite the higher electrochemical activity, have an increased tendency to passivation. It is known that, along with the chemical composition, the structure of alloys has a significant effect on the corrosion properties. Resistance to general and pitting corrosion of microcrystalline aluminum-based alloys can be both higher and lower than the resistance of alloys obtained by the standard smelting method. To assess the corrosion resistance of rapidly quenched alloys of the Al-Co-Zr system in a NaCl solution, the values of the corrosion rate by weight loss were calculated.
Combined Method for Calculating Non-Continuous Noise in Industrial Buildings
Authors: Golovko A V , Antonov A I , Ledenev V I
Published: March 2021

In multi-storey industrial buildings, technological processes are widespread, whereby a non-continuous in time noise regime is formed in rooms. When choosing and designing means of noise protection in these cases, multiple calculations of the energy characteristics of the noise fields of premises are performed. The effectiveness of the designed noise protection measures depends on their accuracy. The degree of accuracy is determined by the completeness of accounting in the method for calculating the factors affecting the formation of noise fields in rooms. One of them is the nature of the reflection of sound from fences. As a result of the analysis of the distribution of the reflected sound energy, it was found that in industrial premises the reflection of sound has a specularly scattered character. In this case, two reflected fields are formed in them - specular and diffusely scattered, having different principles of the appearance and dispersion of reflected sound energy.

To calculate the energy characteristics of such fields, a combined calculation method is proposed in the article. Considering that the premises in industrial multi-storey buildings have a regular rectangular shape, in the proposed method, the specularly reflected energy is calculated by the method of imaginary sources, and the diffusely scattered energy is calculated on the basis of the Kuttruff integral equation. All the basic principles of building a combined computational model are stated. The accuracy of the method was assessed by comparative analysis of experimental and calculated data in rooms with a regular geometric shape.

In contrast to the existing methods, the proposed method simulates the real process of the transition of the arising specularly reflected energy into the diffusely scattered one. In this case, the method takes into account the specific acoustic characteristics of each section of the fence, to be exact, its sound absorption coefficient and the scattering coefficient of reflected sound energy. In the proposed form, the method makes it possible to calculate non-continuous noise in rooms with a regular geometric shape, typical of multi-storey industrial buildings.
Investigation of the Motion of Viscous Fluid between Rotating Disks
Authors: Keruchenko L S , Kulaeva A G , Soyunov A S , Kuzmin D E , Marus M L
Published: March 2021

The issue of the motion of fluid between two rotating disks often arises in practice and it has been little investigated yet. The practical instances of this issue are designing distributors of disk-type fuel pumps, lubrication of smooth disk surfaces during rotation etc.

The present article studies the process of the leakage of fluid between disks when the fluid is supplied to the disks under a certain pressure P. The objective of the research is to obtain mathematical models for determining the amount of the fluid leaking at the pin and the amount of the fluid leaking out. It is shown that the leakage of the fluid between the disks can be described using the Navier–Stokes equation system. The mathematical models for determining the amount of the fluid leaking at the pin and the amount of the fluid leaking out have been obtained.
A contribution to the issue of wheel base change of a motor vehicle during its modification for increased automotive traffic safety
Authors: Molev Y I , Cherevastov M.G.
Published: March 2021

The paper presents a study of the change of the transient duration, of the control sensitivity of the vehicle, of the gain and the response delay of N1 Cat. cargo vehicle at instant and harmonic steering control action. The changes are caused by vehicle modification via wheel base length extension. The wheel vehicle is represented by a flat single-mass calculation model. Based on the conducted calculation, additional influence of the driving speed as a risk factor has been revealed. In the summary of the paper, a conclusion is made on the presence of the influence of the vehicle wheel base length change on the automotive traffic safety.
Assessing load on support rollers of the tracked load-transport timber harvesting vehicle through simulated mathematical modeling
Authors: Klubnichkin V E , Kotiev G O , Makarov V S
Published: March 2021

The article describes a process of simulated mathematical modeling of movement of a tracked load-transport vehicle in the applied software package followed by output of the results of the loads acting on the portside and starboard support rollers during movement at different speeds on flat surfaces, over single 100 to 400 mm obstacles located at a certain distance from each other, on sinusoidal unevenness and along a preset microprofile of the bearing surface. It also describes conditions of the virtual tests conducted.
Determination of the moment of resistance to turning of a forestry articulated machine
Authors: Rogachev D , Alyabiev A , Latysheva V
Published: March 2021

This article considers the calculation of the moment of resistance to turn off a wood articulated machine. The total moment is determined from the sum of the moment of resistance to turning the tire in place, the moment that occurs when the ground is cut off by the side surface of the tire, the moment of resistance to rolling the wheel.
Development of KORSAK 8x8 small-size all-terrain vehicle design project
Authors: Kapustin A G , Papunin A V , Belyaev A M
Published: March 2021

The paper presents KORSAK 8x8 Small-Size All-Terrain Vehicle Design Project developed in Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a. R.E. Alekseev. Performance specifications of the vehicle non-inferior to those of the existing similar vehicles. This all-terrain vehicle has better ergonomics and visibility from the driver seat. The cabin design of the vehicle complies with the requirements of the applicable Codes and can be certified for use in the Russian Federation. For inspection of the aesthetic properties of this all-terrain vehicle, a 1:5-scale dummy was made.
Efficiency of the simulation model of a light commercial vehicle
Authors: Butin D A , Tumasov A V , Vashurin A S , Gnenik M E
Published: March 2021

The paper describes the results of the efficiency analysis of the simulation model of light commercial vehicle GAZ GAZelle NEXT. The efficiency of the model is confirmed by comparing the results of field test and calculation studies of controllability. The model is built in the MSC ADAMS/Car software package. It accounts for the mass-inertial characteristics of sprung and unsprung masses; the model of the suspension system simulates the kinematics and elasto-kinematics of the suspension and steering control, as well as elastic and damping elements. The tire model simulates vertical stiffness and damping, the slip stiffness depends on the vertical load, the longitudinal slip coefficient and the lateral angle of tire relative to the contact surface. The assessment was made by comparing the data obtained experimentally and by calculation. The test is conducted using the Fishhook method applied by NHTS for the vehicle stability analysis. The resulting errors are analyzed based on relative and absolute error values. When analyzing lateral acceleration and yaw rate deviations, the mathematical statistical tools are employed: average deviation, dispersion, root-mean-square deviation. The discrepancy between the results and the deviation of the average values does not exceed 10%. Minor deviations and scatter of results shows the efficiency of the simulation model and that this model can be employed for simulating the curvilinear motion of light commercial vehicles and assessment of their controllability and stability characteristics.