bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SULFATED DERIVATIVES OF ARABINOGALACTAN AND THEIR ANTICOAGULANT ACTIVITY
Authors: Kuznetsova Svetlana Alekseyevna , Vasilyeva Natal'ya Yur'yevna , Drozd Natal'ya Nikolayevna , Mikhailenko Mikhail Aleksandrovich , Shakhtshneider Tat'yana Petrovna , Malyar Yuriy Nikolayevich , Kuznetsov Boris Nikolayevich , Chesnokov Nikolay Vasil'yevich
Published: January 2020

The IR spectra and molecular mass distribution of arabinogalactan sulfates in the form of sodium and ammonium salts, obtained using various sulfating reagents, were compared.
According to the obtained data, the sulfated derivatives of arabinogalactan differ from each other by the nature of the hydrogen bonds and the molecular weight distribution.
Using coagulological tests at the activation of coagulation of platelet-poor human plasma, in vitro study of the anticoagulant properties of arabinogalactan sulfated derivatives in various salt forms differing in methods of  preparation, degree of sulfation and molecular weight was conducted.
It was established that the sample in the form of arabinogalactan sodium salt (SAG 1) with a sulfur content of 13.2 wt.% аnd a polydispersity degree of 1.52 showed 2 times more anticoagulant activity than the sample in the form of ammonium salt of arabinogalactan (SAG 2) with the sulfur content of 6.6 wt.% and the degree of polydispersity of 1.30.
Antithrombin (aIIa) activity of samples obtained by sulfation with pyridine and sulfuric anhydride complex (SAG 1) and sulfamic acid complex (SAG 2) was, respectively, 23.42±1.86 and 10.20±1.50 U/mg; the anti-factor Xa activity of SAG 1 and SAG 2 was 2.13±0.42 and 0.37±0.08 U/mg; and the ratio aIIa/aXa for SAG1 and SAG 2 was 11 and 28, respectively.
The less activity of antifactor Xa(aXA) of SAG as compared to unfractionated heparin (UFG) and higher rations of activities aIIa/aXa may contribute the less provocation of bleeding by SAG samples in the comparition with UFG.
LIPOPHILIC CONSTITUENTS OF PEDICULARIS STRIATA PALLAS И PEDICULARIS FLAVA PALLAS
Authors: Kukina Tat'yana Petrovna , Khan Irina Vladimirovna
Published: January 2020

Some species of Pedicularis have been widely applied in traditional Chinese medicine. Some plants of Pedicularis genus have a great potential for the discovery of new drugs because most of them have not been studied in detail. Extracts from the plants of genus Pedicularis have been found to possess antitumor, hepatoprotective, anti-oxidative, antihaemolysis, antibacterial activity, fatigue relief of skeletal muscles, nootropic effect and other activitiesin vivo and in vitro. A wide range of chemical components including iridoid glycosides, phenylpropanoid glycosides, lignans glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids and other polar compounds have been isolated and identified from the genus Pedicularis. Information about lipophilic constituents is too poor. The results of our investigations of aliphatic and triterpenoic substances by GC-MS are identification of 25 neutral and 18 acid compounds including sterols, triterpenoids and unusual branched hydrocarbons. Main components of neutral fraction are β-sitosterol and phytol. Triterpenol fraction is found to content cycloartenol, 24-methylene-cycloartanol, obtusifoliol, stigma-7-en-3-ol and citrostadienol. Cycloartenol prevails in both types of row material. The main components of acids are palmitic, linoleic and linolnic acids. Pedicularis striata contains significant amount of melissic and montanic acids. All compounds were found for the first time in these row materials. Identified compounds could be potential chemotaxonomic markers for the Pedicularis species.
TRITERPENE GLYCOSIDE FROM THE PLANT CORTUSA MATTHIOLI L.
Authors: Beshley Igor' Vasil'yevich , Shirshova Tat'yana Ivanovna , Volodin Vladimir Vital'yevich , Ufimtsev Kirill Gennad'yevich , Kolotyrkina Natal'ya Georgiyevna , Alekseev Igor' Nikolayevich , Patov Sergey Aleksandrovich
Published: January 2020

Some representatives of the Primulaceae family consider to a promising sources of saponins. It is established that some species of this family contain significant concentrations of triterpene glycosides having interesting biological. According to the literature, in plants Cortusa turkestanica Losinsk. both steroid and triterpene glycosides were found, the content of which is 7.3%, and the hemolytic index reaches 25.000. The only representative of the genus Cortusa in the flora of the Komi Republic is Cortusa matthioli L. It is a boreal Eurasian species that grows almost everywhere in the forest zone of the Republic. From the aboveground part of the plant C. mattioli, collected in the vicinity of Syktyvkar in the flowering phase, by we for the first time were isolated triterpene glycoside pentacyclic series with gross formula C52H84O22. Using spectral methods (IR, NMR spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry), the compound was identified as β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)-13β, 28-epoxyolean-30-al-3β, 16α-diol. Previously this compound, for which cytotoxic activity against human colon cancer cells, uterine sarcoma and human melanoma was detected, was found in plants of Ardisia crispa, Myrsine pellucida, Androsace saxifragifolia, as well as some species of the genus Cyclamen.
BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES EXHIBITING ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, SOME REPRESENTATIVES OF THE LAMIACEAE FAMILY CULTIVATED IN THE STAVROPOL REGION
Authors: Popov Ivan Viktorovich , Chumakova Vera Vladimirovna , Popova Ol'ga Ivanovna , Chumakov Valeriy Fedorovich
Published: January 2020

The object of the study was the samples of raw materials of the family Lamiaceae plants created in FSBSI "North Caucasus Federal agricultural research center", using a variety of breeding methods: Salvia Officinalis Leaves (cultivar "Dobrynya"), Origanum Vulgare Herb (cultivar "Karamelka"), Salvia Sclarea Herb (cultivar "Salyut"), Satureja Hortensis Herb (cultivar "Karapuz"), Lophanthus Anisatus Herb (cultivar "Premier"), Hyssopus Officinalis Herb (cultivar "Rozovy flamingo"). As a result of the studies conducted by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography, the component composition of phenolic compounds (flavonoids and phenolcarbonic acids) was established. The quantitative content of essential oil, flavonoids and tannins was determined in the studied objects. In salvia officinalis leaves identified 11 phenolic compounds, 2.72% essential oil, 1.22% flavonoids, 12.20% tannins; in origanum vulgare herb – 9 compounds, 1.80% essential oil, 2.10% flavonoids, 8.64% tannins; in salvia sclarea herb – 11 compounds, 0.45% essential oil, 2.25% flavonoids, 10.51% tannins; in satureja hortensis herb – 11 compounds, 0.68% essential oil, 0.85% flavonoids, 9.37% tannins; in lophanthus anisatus herb – 11 compounds, 2.15% essential oil, 2.06% flavonoids, 8.30% tannins; in hyssopus officinalis herb – 9 compounds, 0.78% essential oil, 0.91% flavonoids, 9.55% tannins. Determination of antioxidant activity, conducted in two ways (amperometric and titrimetric) showed that water-alcohol extraction of plant raw materials of new varieties of representatives of the family Lamiaceae, created and maximally adapted to the conditions of Stavropol region can be the basis for the production of herbal remedies with antioxidant activity.
BIOSORBENTS BASED ON POLYSACCHARIDES. EVALUATION OF SORPTION CAPACITY IN RELATION TO URANIUM AND THORIUM
Authors: Karmanov Anatoliy Petrovich , Kanarsky Al'bert Vladimirovich , Kocheva Lyudmila Sergeyevna , Kanarskaya Zosia Al'bertovna , Gematdinova Venera Maratovna , Bogdanovich Nikolay Ivanovich , Patova Ol'ga Andreyevna , Rachkova Natal'ya Geliyevna
Published: January 2020

Study of sorption of heavy natural radionuclide’s uranium and thorium from water by β-gluсancontaining sorbents obtained from biomass of yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and bran of oat Avena sativa was carried out. It is shown that the content of mobile (water-soluble, exchange and acid-soluble) and fixed forms of uranium on investigated β-glucans vary considerably. It is found that the extent of irreversible sorption of uranium does not exceed 58.6%. For the first time shown that β-glucans have high sorption capacity in ratio of thorium. In the conditions of the experiments it was retrieved more than 99% of thorium from the water. The content of fixed form of thorium reaches 94% of the sorbed. Characteristics of surface and capillary-porous structure of samples were defined. The correlation relationships between rates of adsorption and specific surface of preparations were installed. An analysis of the relationship between sorption capacity and various properties of glucans leads to the conclusion that the most important role for the implementation of a strong adsorption of heavy radionuclides belongs to chemisorptions mechanisms, while the contribution of surface physical phenomena is not essential. It is shown that the highest strong adsorption of thorium is characterized by a sample representing the cell walls of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The findings suggest of β-glucans prospects in practical terms and their use as polyfunctional enterosorbеnts.
FEATURES OF THE COMPOSITION MACRO ELEMENTS AND TRACE ELEMENTS OF THE EXTRACT OF ALFREDIA CERNUA (L.) CASS., POSSESSING PSYCHOTROPIC EFFECT
Authors: Shilova Inessa Vladimirovna , Baranovskaja Natal'ya Vladimirovna , Mustafin Rustam Niyazovich , Suslov Nikolay Innokent'yevich
Published: January 2020

The 95% ethanol extract of Alfredia drooping Alfredia cernua (L.) Cass. (Asteraceae) aerial part exhibits pronounced antidepressant, nootropic and anxiolytic activity. The aim of the work was the qualitative and quantitative analysis of macro-, trace and ultra trace elements of the pharmacologically active extract of the aerial part of the plant. The study of the elemental composition of the extract was performed after ashing using instrumental neutron activation analysis with irradiation with thermal neutrons. The study found 26 elements, of which eight are (conditionally) essential, two macro elements and four trace elements. The obtained results indicate the prevalence of Alfredia cernua of calcium, zinc, sodium, strontium, bromine, as well as iron, barium, cobalt, chromium and lanthanum in the pharmacologically active extract. The extract concentrates a specific group of elements (zinc, cobalt, thorium, hafnium, bromine, chromium, lutetium, lanthanum, strontium, samarium) in comparison with the feedstock, which can be explained by the formation of strong organometallic compounds and chelate complexes. Macro-, trace and ultra trace elements can have a significant impact on metabolic processes, nervous, immune, endocrine, cardiovascular systems, they are an integral part of enzymes, give other biologically active substances an easily digestible form and potentiate their effects.
REVIEW OF METHODS FOR THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF TANNINS IN PLANT MATERIALS
Authors: Orlova Anastasia Andreyevna , Povydysh Maria Nikolayevna
Published: January 2020

Tannins are an extensive group of secondary metabolites widely used in medical practice and in human activities. They are characterized by a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antitumor, astringent, hemostatic, antioxidant and prooxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, and others. The methods used for the chemical analysis of this group of compounds and for the standardization of tannin-containing types of plant materials have been improved with the development of analytical methods. Addressing the issues of standardization and application of hydrolysable and condensed tannins remain relevant today. This review reflects the main milestones in the historical development of tannin analysis: from using qualitative droplet reactions and physical properties, using the simplest physico-chemical analysis methods to establishing the structure of NMR spectroscopy, and from titrimetric methods using chemical and physico-chemical indicators to modern high-performance chromatography with various types of detectors, as well as the use of combinations of modern physicochemical methods of analysis with mathematical methods for assessing and predicting the qualitative and quantitative composition of tannins and their pharmacological effect. The main types of biological activity of hydrolysable and condensed tannins obtained from plant objects and their mechanisms of action are described.
COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF EXTRACTS FROM SHEETS OF THE BLUEBERRY HIGH (VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM L.)
Authors: Lazarev Aleksey Sergeyevich , Klyauzova Anastasiya Vladimirovna , Ruchkina Anna Gennad'yevna , Kobrakov Konstantin Ivanovich , Shpigun Liliya Konstantinovna
Published: January 2020

The paper presents new data related to the qualitative and quantitative content of phenolic compounds in crop highbush blueberry leaf extracts, as well as to the antioxidant capacity of these extracts. Tall bilberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is a deciduous berry shrub that has become an extremely popular crop whose fruits contain a unique complex of biologically active substances – antioxidants, phytoestrogens and vitamins. As a rule, the leaves of this plant contain, in more or less degree, the same set of phenolic compounds. However, there is currently a lack of scientific information about the peculiarities of the chemical composition and properties of these plants grown in a specific region, which could be of interest for the development of an untapped source of food additives, functional products, nutraceuticals and ingredients for organic cosmetics. The objects of this study were water- and water-alcohol extracts obtained from highbush blueberry leaves of the varieties “Reka”, “Legacy”, “Bluecrop” and “Chantecler” as well as from the mixed sample of these varieties. For comparison, extracts of leaves of crop cowberry, crop cranberry and pharmacy cowberry ("PharmaCvet", 10118) and bearberry("PharmaCvet", 161117) were investigated. The electro-oxidative and antioxidant properties of all extracts were evaluated by using the methods of cyclic voltammetry and spectrophotometry based on a liquid phase reaction with a 2.2ꞌ-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical. The results of the studies showed that the leaves of highbush blueberry grown under conditions of ecological farming on the territory of Russia are very promising for use in prophylactic purposes.
Historic Preservation: The Boyhood Home of Levon Helm
Authors: Bryan Ann Ballard
Published: January 2020

Historic preservation has significant impact on communities. The purpose of this study was to involve students in a historically based, culturally diverse community project in a rural region of Arkansas in order to make a positive impact in that region. Interior Design Program students
(n = 6) within the Department of Family and Consumer Sciences at the University of Central Arkansas adopted the boyhood home of Levon Helm in Marvell, Arkansas, as their capstone project. This site was chosen based on the criteria of the study and was need-based for the Marvell, AR,
community. The capstone project charged students to develop a strategic plan using design skills from Family and Consumer Sciences Guidelines in the Housing and Interior Design Area of Study to improve tourism, economy, and civic pride of the rural Arkansas community. The project results:
the structure was named to the Arkansas Register of Historic Places, funds were raised for restoration of the property, nationwide publicity was received, and a positive economic impact was realized.
The productivity of 4th Generation KUB-2 Chicken
Authors: Sartika Tike , Iskandar Sofjan
Published: January 2020

KUB-2 line of chicken has improved local chicken selected from the KUB-1 chicken line. KUB-2 was selected for more egg production and yellow shank. KUB-1 chicken has 64% various of black feather color, which sometimes tends to have unpreferred dark carcass. Yellow shank color has a positive correlation with the skin color of carcass. As many as 517 pullets of KUB-2 at 4th generation were divided into two groups of 194 pullets of KUB-2kk (yellow shank) and 323 pullets of KUB-2nk non-yellow shank). The chickens were raised intensively in the individual cages for the 24 weeks observation. Variables measured were age at first egg (AFE) bodyweight at first egg (BWFE), egg weight at first egg (EWFE), average egg weight (AEW), average egg production (AEP) during 24 weeks, feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 25-43 weeks of age, and mortality. The result showed that there was no statistically significant different (p>0.05) between KUB-2nk and KUB-2kk respectively for AFE of 156.2 d and 158.1 d, for BWFE of 1788 g and 1808 g, for EWFE of 31.32 g and 31.34 g, for AEP24 of 103.3 eggs or 61.5% and 101.9 eggs or 60.7%, and for FCR25-43 of 3.53 and 3.54. AEW increased with increasing age of hen, the mortality of the whole population was 0.98%.
Eine Fallstudie über die regionalen Unterschiede der ungarischen Schülerleistungen
Authors: HEGEDŰS ROLAND , SEBESTYÉN KRISZTINA
Published: January 2020

The sociocultural and socioeconomic background of pupils is a determinant for their learning process and it has an effect on their learning success and on how easily pupils are able to master the requirements set by school curricula and how they perform on different measuring tasks. This is the reason why we compare in our paper the reading and mathematics results of the National Competence Measurement 2013 with the English and German language results of the secondary school-leaving exams in foreign languages regarding the same pupils. We analyse the data using the SPSS program and we present the results using the MapInfo program. We examine the effects of pupils’ social background, the interactions of different subjects and their regional projections as well. The pupils’ achievements show the same pattern as the development patterns of different geographical areas in Hungary.
SANAYİ PLÂNLARININ HAZIRLANMASINA TEMEL TEŞKİL EDEN RAPORLAR
Authors: GÜR Betül
Published: January 2020

1923-1929 döneminde Türkiye Ekonomisi’nde özel sektörün öncülüğünde liberal bir iktisat politikası izlenmiş; fakat Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’ndan ilkel ekonomi koşullarının miras alınmış olması, 1929 yılından başlamak üzere Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun borçlarının Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarafından ödenmeye başlanacak olması, 1929 yılına kadar gümrüklerin kontrol altına alınamaması ve yine söz konusu yıl içinde ortaya çıkan Dünya İktisadî Krizi’nin olumsuz etkilerinden korunmaya çalışılması gibi gerek iç ve gerekse dış birçok nedenden dolayı İktisadî kalkınmayı sağlamak amacıyla 1929 yılından itibaren ekonomide devletçi iktisat politikasına geçilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu makalede, Türkiye Ekonomisi’nde 1929-1938 döneminde uygulanan devletçi iktisat politikası çerçevesinde yerli ve yabancı uzmanlara hazırlatılan raporlar ele alınmış ve bu raporların sanayi plânlarının hazırlanmasına olan katkısı ortaya koyulmuştur.
KAMU YÖNETİMİNDE DENETİM ANLAYIŞINDAKİ GELİŞMELER
Authors: EREN Veysel
Published: January 2020

Kamu sektörünün işletme yönetimine göre giderek daha işlevsiz hale gelmesi, faaliyetlerinde verimliliğin, kalitenin, etkinliğin düşmesi, kaynakların yerinde kullanılmaması gibi nedenlerle bürokrasi modeli her geçen gün biraz daha fazla tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Tartışmalarda yeni yönetim anlayışı öne çıkmaktadır. Bu anlayışın en önemli argümanlarından birisi denetim işlevidir. Çünkü denetim sorununun ele alınış biçimi, kamu yönetiminin işleyişini de önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Denetimden beklentiler farklı olmakla birlikte denetimin iki temel amacı bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan biri yönetsel faaliyetlerde “hukuki rasyonelliğin”, diğeri de “ekonomik rasyonelliğin ” sağlanmasıdır. Bu çalışmada denetim anlayışındaki gelişmeler, geleneksel yönetim anlayışından başlayarak ele alınmaktadır. Bu çerçevede denetimin tür ve teknikleri çalışma kapsamı dışında tutularak, stratejik denetim, operatif denetim, denetimin kamu yönetiminde ekonomiklik, verimlilik ve etkenliğe etkileri, denetim ve sorumluluk, yeni yönetim anlayışında denetim gibi konular üzerinde durulmaktadır.
EKOLOJİK RİSKLER, SİGORTA PAZARINA ETKİLERİ VE ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ
Authors: BÖLÜKBAŞI Ayşe Gül , PAMUKÇU E. Baturalp
Published: January 2020

Ekolojik riskler, gerçekleşme olasılığının ölçülmesi zor olan risk türlerindendir. Yasal yükümlülüğe konu olan en önemli ekolojik riskler kimyasal ürün üreten fabrika atıkları ve nükleer enerji üreten santrallerin oluşturacağı hasarlardır. Bu tür risklerin çevre ve insan sağlığı üzerine olumsuz etkileri bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada çevreyi tehdit eden ve insan sağlığı üzerinde ciddi tehlikeler oluşturan ekolojik risk faktörleri ele alınarak, bu faktörlerin oluşturduğu hasarları içeren uluslararası anlaşmalar ve bunların taraflar arasındaki yükümlülük paylaşımı konusu incelenmiştir. Sigorta sektörünün bu risklere yaklaşımı ve ekolojik risklerin sigortalanması, sunulan ürünler ve çözüm önerileri de belirtilmiştir. Ekolojik hasarların karmaşıklığı nedeniyle, rizikoların ayrılarak özel olarak eğitilmiş ve yetkin bir sigorta şirketi tarafından değerlendirilmesi kesin bir gereklilik olup çevresel zarar yükümlülüğünü sigortalama konusundaki mevcut işlemlerle birleştirilmelidir.
Farmer Perceptions on Vegetable Diseases and Their Control in Sub-Humid Areas in Zimbabwe
Authors: Goss Maria , Mafongoya Paramu. L. , Gubba Augustine , Jiri Obert
Published: January 2020

The monoculture vegetable production systems practiced by Zimbabwean farmers has resulted in major disease outbreaks, causing major production constraints. There is need to determine the intensity of pesticides usage and methods of alternative disease management strategies. This study was carried out using 250 randomly selected vegetable farmers by administering questionnaires. The study objectives were to determine farmers’ perceptions on vegetable disease incidence and severity in relation to prevailing weather conditions, and determine common control methods practiced to manage fungal and bacterial disease outbreaks. The results indicated significant increases in fungal and bacterial disease incidence of 84.6% (within community cropping fields) and severity of 73.1% (within individual farmer fields) over the past 5-10 years (P £ 0.05). It also revealed disease incidence being highest [30.8%] during winter (May – July) and rainy months [23.1%] (November – February). Results further indicated 96.2% of the respondents relied on chemical methods, 53.8% used cultural control, and 11.5% used natural control methods. However, none of the farmers used bio-pesticide/biological control methods. In conclusion: farmers are aware of the disease shifts in response to different climate variability but seem unaware of the negative effects of extensive chemical use, nor existence of alternative bio-pesticide/biological disease management strategies.
Crystallization of Cu60Zr20Ti20 bulk metallic glass by high pressure torsion
Authors: Révész Ádám , Horváth András , Ribárik Gábor , Schafler Erhard , Browne David J. , Kovács Zsolt
Published: January 2020

Bulk metallic glass of Cu60Zr20Ti20 composition has been synthesized by copper mold casting. Slices of the as-cast glass has been subjected to severe plastic deformation by high-pressure torsion for different whole turns. The microstructure and the thermal behavior of the deformed disks have been investigated by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. It was confirmed that the initial compression preceding the high pressure torsion induces crystallized structure, which shows only minor further changes upon the severe plastic shear deformation achieved by twisting the sample. The X-ray line profiles have been evaluated by the Convolutional Whole Profile Fitting algorithm in order to determine the evolution of the microstructural parameters, such as the median and variance of the crystallite size distribution, average crystallite size and dislocation density as a function of the number of revolutions. Hardness measurements by nanoindentation have also been carried out on the as-cast alloys and the deformed disks.
Phytoremediation of BTEX from indoor air by Hyrcanian plants
Authors: Fooladi Mahta , Moogouei Roxana , Jozi Seyed Ali , Golbabaei Farideh , Tajadod Golnaz
Published: January 2020

Background: Phytoremediation is one of the available and simple techniques for removing benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) from indoor air. This study aimed to evaluate phytoremediation of low concentrations of BTEX by Hyrcanian plants including Ruscus hyrcanus and Danae racemosa. Methods: The test chamber was used to evaluate the removal of BTEX. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene were injected into the chamber using Gastight syringes (Hamilton) to generate the concentration of 10 (benzene), 20 (toluene), 20 (ethylbenzene), and 50 (xylene) µL/L Results: Ruscus hyrcanus was able to remove BTEX (10, 20, 20, and 50 µL/L) from air after 3 days. D. racemosa could uptake BTEX (10, 20, 20, and 50 µL/L) from air after 4 days. Removal efficiency was calculated based on leaf area and volume of the chamber. R. hyrcanus showed the highest removal efficiency ranged from 8.5075 mg/m3 /h.cm2 for benzene to 86.66 mg/m3 /h.cm2 for xylene. The increase in BTEX phytoremediation was assessed after repeated exposures. A significant phytoremediation efficiency was obtained after the third injection of BTEX to the chamber. Afterwards, the effects of BTEX on anatomical and morphological structure of plants were studied. The results of Photomicrography showed that tissue structures of leaves and stems changed. Study of D. racemosa and R. hyrcanus stems showed that vascular bundles also changed. The development of crystal in vacuole of spongy parenchyma was the main anatomical change of R. hyrcanus and D. racemose compared to the control samples. Conclusion: It can be concluded that R. hyrcanus and D. racemosa can be used for phytoremediation of indoor air pollution.
Impact of chlorpyrifos toxicity on gill damage of two species of freshwater fish in Lake Diatas
Authors: Edwin Tivany , Ihsan Taufiq , Rahmatika Aufa , Darlis Nanda
Published: January 2020

Background: Lake Diatas is one of the important lake which is influenced by agricultural activities around the lake, and chlorpyrifos is widely used as a pesticide in this area. This study aimed to analyze the damage of the gill tissue of Oreochromis niloticus L. and Cyprinus carpio L. as two freshwater fish, which are mostly caught to be consumed by the residents in Lake Diatas, Indonesia, that were exposed to chlorpyrifos. Methods: Acclimatization was performed for 14 days and continued with toxicity test for 30 days. Chlorpyrifos exposure was tested at various concentrations. Fish gill tissue was observed microscopically in 10, 20, and 30 days of exposure, and damages were scored based on the level of gill tissue damage. Results: It was revealed that O. niloticus L. experienced edema, proximal basal hyperplasia, fusion, hyperplasia in all secondary lamellae, and necrosis at the higher exposure concentration. While C. carpio L. experienced fusion, hyperplasia, clubbing, necrosis, and obvious degradation of gill tissue of fish after 30 days of exposure to chlorpyrifos. There was a significant difference in the damage of fish gill tissue between each variation treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, the higher the concentration of chlorpyrifos and the longer the exposure time, the higher the level of damage in gill tissue.
Evaluation of exposure to phthalate esters through the use of various brands of drinking water bottled in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers under different storage conditions
Authors: Yousefi Zabihollah , Ala Alireza , Babanezhad Esmaeil , Ali Mohammadpour Reza
Published: January 2020

Background: There are many concerns about the migration of phthalates into bottled water. These compounds are hazardous to consumers. In this study, the risk factors of the use of various brands of drinking water bottled in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers under different storage conditions were examined. Methods: Phthalate esters were measured and analyzed using air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (AALLME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Subsequently, the risk of exposure to the desired compounds was evaluated by calculating the risk factor and excess cancer risk. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 24 software. Results: The average concentration of phthalate esters (DEHP, DBP, DIBP, DEP, and DMP) after 5 and 15 days of storage at incubator temperature of 42°C, and after 15, 45, and 75 days at incubator temperature of 25°C by increasing the initial level of the conditions was 7.28, 8.99, 1.78, 5.6, 6.45, and 8.55 ppb, respectively. The risk factor of non-carcinogenic effects of phthalates for consumers was low and can be ignored (HQ<1). Also, the risk of additional cancer due to the presence of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in bottled water is very low (4.8551×10-6). Conclusion: However, due to the increase in the concentration of phthalate esters in bottled water by increasing the storage time and temperature, as well as increasing the ethylene hexyl phthalate content from its established limit, the use of bottled water kept in unsuitable conditions for the society, and especially the sensitive groups, is not appropriate
Biological hydrogen production from synthetic wastewater by an anaerobic migrating blanket reactor: Artificial neural network (ANN) modeling
Authors: Ghasemian Mohammad , Taheri Ensiyeh , Fatehizadeh Ali , Amin Mohammad Mehdi
Published: January 2020

Background: This study aimed to evaluate an anaerobic migrating blanket reactor (AMBR) for biological hydrogen production, and also to investigate its capability to treat synthetic wastewater. Methods: A five-compartment AMBR (9 L effective volume) was made by Plexiglas and seeded with thermal pretreated anaerobic sludge at 100°C for 30 minutes. The AMBR was operated at mesophilic temperature (37 ± 1°C) with continuous fed of synthetic wastewater at five organic loading rates (OLRs) of 0.5 to 8 g COD/L.d. Results: It was revealed that as the OLR increased from 0.5 to 8 g COD/L.d, the hydrogen production and also volumetric hydrogen production rate (VHPR) improved. Increasing the OLR over this range, led to a decrease in the average hydrogen yield from 1.58 ± 0.34 to 0.97 ± 0.45 mol H2 /mol glucose. The concentration of both volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and solvents kept increasing with OLR. During the AMBR operation, the dominant soluble end products (SEPs) were acetic and butyric acids in all of the OLRs studied. Conclusion: Based on the results, the hydrogen yield was related to the acetate/butyrate fermentation. The artificial neural network (ANN) model was well-fitted to the experimental obtained data from the AMBR, and was able to simulate the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and hydrogen production
Analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and ozone pollution: A qualitative study
Authors: Albert Marie , Lemdani Mohamed , Cuny Damien , Duriez Patrick , Escutnaire Joséphine , Gueugniaud Pierre-Yves , Wiel Eric , Hubert Hervé , Pompeo Christophe Di
Published: January 2020

Background: Air pollution is increasingly associated with cardiovascular events. As for ozone (O3 ) pollution, results are inconsistent though O3 levels are associated with hospital admissions, global mortality, and respiratory, and cardiovascular mortality. Methods: In this time-stratified case-crossover study, the associations between short-term exposure to O3 (on an hourly and daily scale) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) were investigated. Specific subgroups were explored by sex, age, diabetes status, for OHCA during non-holiday periods. Data were collected in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region, France, in 2015. Data were statistically analyzed using conditional logistic regression (CLR). Results: The study included 1039 cases of OHCA. Significant negative associations were found between OHCA and O3 levels measured in 3 or 4 days before the arrest for all the people, and 1, 2 or 3 days before the arrest for men. As for OHCA during non-holiday periods, there was no significant negative associations but a positive association was revealed for women between OHCA and O3 levels measured in 5 days before the arrest (OR=1.53, P=0.008). Conclusion: According to the results, OHCA should be investigated during non-holiday periods to control potential confounders that would lead to negative associations. Women might be a susceptible subgroup to O3 pollution.
LRIT3 is Required for Nyctalopin Expression and Normal ON and OFF Pathway Signaling in the Retina
Authors: Hasan Nazarul , Pangeni Gobinda , Ray Thomas A. , Fransen Kathryn M. , Noel Jennifer , Borghuis Bart G. , McCall Maureen A. , Gregg Ronald G.
Published: January 2020

The first retinal synapse, photoreceptor→bipolar cell (BC), is both anatomically and functionally complex. Within the same synaptic region, a change in presynaptic glutamate release is sensed by both ON BCs (DBCs) via the metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (mGluR6), and OFF BCs (HBCs) via ionotropic glutamate receptors to establish parallel signaling pathways that preferentially encode light increments (ON) or decrements (OFF), respectively. The synaptic structural organization of ON and OFF-type BCs at the photoreceptor terminal differs. DBCs make an invaginating synapse that contains a diverse but incompletely understood complex of interacting proteins (signalplex). HBCs make primarily flat contacts that contain an apparent different set of proteins that is equally uncharacterized. LRIT3 is a synaptic protein known to be essential for ON pathway visual function. In both male and female mice, we demonstrate that LRIT3 interacts with and is required for expression of nyctalopin, and thus TRPM1 at all DBC dendritic tips, but DBC signalplex components are not required for LRIT3 expression. Using whole-cell and multielectrode array (MEA) electrophysiology and glutamate imaging, we demonstrate that the loss of LRIT3 impacts both ON and OFF signaling pathway function. Without LRIT3, excitatory input to type 1 BCs is reduced, as are the visually evoked responses of many OFF retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). We conclude that the absence of LRIT3 expression disrupts excitatory input to OFF BCs and, thus disrupts the normal function of OFF RGCs.
Neural Mechanisms Underlying High-Frequency Vestibulocollic Reflexes In Humans And Monkeys
Authors: Forbes Patrick A. , Kwan Annie , Rasman Brandon G. , Mitchell Diana E. , Cullen Kathleen E. , Blouin Jean-Sébastien
Published: January 2020

The vestibulocollic reflex is a compensatory response that stabilizes the head in space. During everyday activities, this stabilizing response is evoked by head movements that typically span frequencies from 0 to 30 Hz. Transient head impacts, however, can elicit head movements with frequency content up to 300–400 Hz, raising the question whether vestibular pathways contribute to head stabilization at such high frequencies. Here, we first established that electrical vestibular stimulation modulates human neck motor unit (MU) activity at sinusoidal frequencies up to 300 Hz, but that sensitivity increases with frequency up to a low-pass cutoff of ∼70–80 Hz. To examine the neural substrates underlying the low-pass dynamics of vestibulocollic reflexes, we then recorded vestibular afferent responses to the same electrical stimuli in monkeys. Vestibular afferents also responded to electrical stimuli up to 300 Hz, but in contrast to MUs their sensitivity increased with frequency up to the afferent resting firing rate (∼100–150 Hz) and at higher frequencies afferents tended to phase-lock to the vestibular stimulus. This latter nonlinearity, however, was not transmitted to neck motoneurons, which instead showed minimal phase-locking that decreased at frequencies >75 Hz. Similar to human data, we validated that monkey muscle activity also exhibited low-pass filtered vestibulocollic reflex dynamics. Together, our results show that neck MUs are activated by high-frequency signals encoded by primary vestibular afferents, but undergo low-pass filtering at intermediate stages in the vestibulocollic reflex. These high-frequency contributions to vestibular-evoked neck muscle responses could stabilize the head during unexpected head transients.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVestibular-evoked neck muscle responses rely on accurate encoding and transmission of head movement information to stabilize the head in space. Unexpected transient events, such as head impacts, are likely to push the limits of these neural pathways since their high-frequency features (0–300 Hz) extend beyond the frequency bandwidth of head movements experienced during everyday activities (0–30 Hz). Here, we demonstrate that vestibular primary afferents encode high-frequency stimuli through frequency-dependent increases in sensitivity and phase-locking. When transmitted to neck motoneurons, these signals undergo low-pass filtering that limits neck motoneuron phase-locking in response to stimuli >75 Hz. This study provides insight into the neural dynamics producing vestibulocollic reflexes, which may respond to high-frequency transient events to stabilize the head.
Effect of Helichrysum italicum on the Corrosion of Copper in Simulated Acid Rain Solution
Authors: Pilić Zora , Martinović Ivana
Published: January 2020

The inhibition of copper corrosion by Helichrysum italicum extract (HI) in simulated acid rain was investigated using electrochemical techniques. Results indicate an increase in corrosion inhibition efficiency with the HI extract concentration. The inhibitive process was assumed to occur via adsorption of the extract on the metal surface. The thermodynamic data indicated physical adsorption and followed the Freundlich isotherm. The effect of temperature on the copper corrosion was studied. The value of the activation energy confirmed physisorption of extract molecules on the copper surface. The concentration of Cu ions released into solution, measured by atomic absorption spectrometry, was in accordance with the electrochemical results.
Lipase-catalyzed Solvent-free Synthesis of Polyglycerol 10 (PG-10) Esters
Authors: Satyawali Yamini , Cawenberghs Lieve , Dejonghe Winnie
Published: January 2020

Polyglycerol fatty acid esters, which have been widely used as emulsifiers in food, medicine and cosmetics industries, were the subject of solvent-free enzymatic synthesis

in this study. There have been previous reports on enzymatic synthesis of various polyglycerol esters; however, this investigation extends the synthesis to PG-10 esters. The

effects of substrate molar ratio, addition of emulsifiers to enhance mixing, and addition of molecular sieves or N2 flushing for water removal, was investigated. The solvent-free synthesis using N2 flushing leads to complete conversion of fatty acid, yielding a completely acid free product. The synthesis is validated for polyglycerol laurate and polyglycerol caprylate, both useful products in the cosmetic industry.
Utjecaj onečišćenja zraka na razvoj astme
Authors: Kučić Grgić Dajana , Ocelić Bulatović Vesna , Štajduhar Lucija , Majdandžić Stefania , Karadakić Klara
Published: January 2020

Onečišćenje zraka globalni je problem te se smatra jednim od najčešćih nealergijskih uzročnika astme. Utjecaj onečišćenja zraka na pojavu astme, posebno kod djece, tema je mnogih znanstvenih istraživanja naročito na istoku svijeta s obzirom na problem onečišćenja s kojim se suočava. Ovisno o prostoru djelovanja onečišćenog zraka kojemu je čovjek izložen postoje različite onečišćujuće tvari. Tako onečišćenje zraka u vanjskom prostoru karakterizira izrazita prisutnost ozona, O3, lebdećih čestica, PM2,5 i PM10 te sumporova dioksida, SO2, dok zatvoreni prostori obiluju prisutnošću formaldehida, CH2O, dušikova dioksida, NO2 i hlapljivih organskih spojeva, VOC. Uz kontrolirano liječenje, velika pažnja se usmjerava i na klimatsko liječenje astme.
The prognostic value of androgen receptor (AR) in HER2-enriched metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Bi Xiwen , Huang Zhangzan , Huang Jiajia , Xia Wen , Shi Wei , Yuan Zhongyu
Published: January 2020

The significance of androgen receptor (AR) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) remains unclear, and it is still largely unknown how AR expression level influences HER2-positive tumors. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic and predictive value of AR in HER2-enriched MBC. Primary and/or paired metastatic tumors of 304 patients with pathologically confirmed HER2-enriched MBC were collected and immunohistochemically assessed for AR expression. The associations of AR and other clinicopathological characteristics were compared using the Chi-square test. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was used to determine independent prognostic factors. AR-positivity with a cut-off value of 10% was observed in 237 (78.0%) cases and was associated with longer PFS, 13.2 months, as compared to that of 8.2 months (P = 0.004) in patients with AR-negativity. Moreover, a significant increase in the 5-year OS rate (65.3% vs 36.2%, P < 0.001) was also observed for patients with AR-positive tumors. Cox regression analysis identified AR-positivity as an independent prognostic factor of both PFS (hazard ratio = 0.71, P = 0.039) and OS (HR = 0.53, P = 0.013). Additionally, for those who received first-line Trastuzumab therapies, prolonged PFS (15.8 months vs 8.2 months, P = 0.005) and 5-year OS rate (66.2% vs 26.2%, P = 0.009) were observed in AR-positive tumors compared to AR-negative ones. In conclusion, AR was identified as an independent prognostic factor for favorable PFS and OS and could also predict the efficacy of first-line Trastuzumab treatment in patients with HER2-enriched MBC.
In vivo blockade of ovarian sympathetic activity by Neosaxitoxin prevents polycystic ovary in rats
Authors: del Campo Miguel , Lagos Néstor , Lara Hernán
Published: January 2020

A high sympathetic tone is observed in the development and maintenance of the polycystic ovary (PCO) phenotype in rats. Neosaxitoxin (NeoSTX) specifically blocks neuronal voltage-dependent Na+ channels, and we studied the capacity of NeoSTX administered into the ovary to block sympathetic nerves and PCO phenotype that is induced by estradiol valerate (EV). The toxin was administered with a minipump inserted into the bursal cavity using two protocols: (1) the same day as EV administration and (2) 30 days after EV to block the final step of cyst development and maintenance of the condition. We studied the estrous cycling activity, follicular morphology, steroid plasma levels, and norepinephrine concentration. NeoSTX administered together with EV decreased NA intraovarian levels that were induced by EV, increased the number of corpora lutea, decreased the number of follicular cyst found after EV administration, and decreased the previously increased testosterone plasma levels induced by the PCO phenotype. Estrous cycling activity also recovered. NeoSTX applied after 30 days of EV administration showed near recovery of ovary function, suggesting that there is a specific window in which follicular development could be protected from cystic development. In addition, plasma testosterone levels decreased while those of progesterone increased. Our data strongly suggest that chronic inhibition of sympathetic nerves by a locally applied long-lasting toxin is a new tool to manage the polycystic phenotype in the rat and could be applied to other mammals depending on sympathetic nerve activity.
Treinamento de pais com crianças com transtorno externalizante: revisão sistemática de estudos empíricos
Authors: De Quevedo Rafaela Fava , Dambrós Simone , Andretta Ilana
Published: January 2020

Os transtornos externalizantes constituem uma problemática relevante na clínica com crianças e o treinamento de pais é escolhido como intervenção efetiva para essa população. Propomos nesse estudo identificar as intervenções de treinamento de pais com crianças com diagnóstico de transtornos externalizantes em estudos empíricos, por meio de uma revisão sistemática de artigos publicados entre 2012 e 2016 nas bases Science Direct, PubMed Central, Academic Search Premier, Scopus e Psycinfo. As intervenções foram realizadas com crianças de diferentes idades e transtornos com a participação dos cuidadores. A maior parte das intervenções foi em formato grupal, durante 4 a 14 sessões. Como resultados foram encontrados protocolos de treinamento de pais com crianças com transtornos externalizantes, realizados em diferentes contextos. Diante disso, salienta-se a necessidades de estudos brasileiros com a temática.
Impacto das Políticas de Gestão de Pessoas sobre o Desenvolvimento Profissional dos Trabalhadores
Authors: Monteiro Ana Claudia Fernandes , Mourão Luciana , De Freitas Clarissa Pinto Pizarro
Published: January 2020

O mundo globalizado demanda atuação estratégica da gestão de pessoas no ambiente laboral. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a influência da percepção de estratégias de gestão de pessoas sobre a percepção de desenvolvimento profissional. A amostra (de conveniência) contemplou 562 profissionais de diferentes áreas de atuação em organizações públicas e privadas, sendo que 15,4% ocupavam cargos gerenciais. O questionário continha a Escala de Percepção Evolutiva do Desenvolvimento Profissional; e a Escala de Percepção de Políticas de Gestão de Pessoas. Os resultados da análise por equações estruturais apontaram um modelo com bom ajuste, em que a percepção de políticas que estimulam o envolvimento com o trabalho e o treinamento são preditores da percepção de desenvolvimento profissional. As conclusões corroboram a literatura da área acerca da influência das políticas de gestão de pessoas sobre as percepções dos trabalhadores e convidam à reflexão daqueles que pesquisam e atuam na área.
Estudo psicométrico da Escala de Interesses por Áreas da Psicologia (EIAPsi)
Authors: Ambiel Rodolfo Augusto Matteo , Martins Gustavo Henrique
Published: January 2020

Os estudantes de Psicologia devem realizar escolhas profissionais durante o curso, podendo vivenciar um período angustiante. O objetivo deste artigo foi buscar evidências de validade e precisão para a Escala de Interesses por Áreas da Psicologia (EIAPsi) e verificar as diferenças do sexo e período do curso nas médias dos interesses. Participaram 980 estudantes de Psicologia que responderam a EIAPsi. Os resultados indicaram 11 fatores como melhor estrutura para EIAPsi, os quais apresentaram bons índices de precisão. Notou-se que as mulheres pontuaram mais que os homens nas áreas Saúde e Jurídica, sendo o oposto observado na área Docência e Pesquisa. Os estudantes do fim do curso apresentaram um perfil de interesses mais discriminado que os demais. A partir dos resultados foi possível identificar a viabilidade da utilização da EIAPsi por estudantes de Psicologia no contexto brasileiro.
Hierárquicos, igualitários e contraditórios: posição social de adolescentes e orientação para a dominância social
Authors: Wachelke Joao , Matos Fabíola Rodrigues
Published: January 2020

O estudo avalia correlações entre concepções hierárquicas das relações entre grupos e as posições sociais de estudantes. O conceito de orientação à dominância social (SDO) aborda a aceitação de dominação e hierarquia entre grupos. A pesquisa teve 663 estudantes de Uberlândia-MG, com média de 16 anos de idade, que responderam um questionário com uma adaptação da Escala de Orientação à Dominância Social e questões referentes à escolaridade materna, sexo e renda familiar. Os resultados de análise de clusters apontam três padrões: adolescentes que defendem relações igualitárias entre os grupos; o padrão oposto, que aprova uma sociedade em que há dominantes e dominados; e um posicionamento contraditório, que aprova aspectos igualitários, mas nega que os grupos sejam equivalentes. A discussão centra-se nos fatores sexo e escolaridade e a sua associação com a SDO, e na interpretação do perfil contraditório que defende igualdade, mas restringe o seu escopo.
ERRATUM - Psico - edição v. 50, n. 3 (2019) - ID 30211
Authors: FAMECOS Equipe Editorial da Revista
Published: January 2020

A Equipe Editorial da Psico torna publica as seguintes alteração e substituição, na edição v. 50, n. 3 (2019), DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2019.3, ID 30211, artigo, Medindo o crescimento proveniente do enfrentamento de situações adversas: a influência da centralidade da memória autobiográfica.