bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Education Equality in China: Economic, Geographical, Gender and Education Policies
Authors: Shen Wenrui
Published: October 2023

As one of the largest developing countries in the world, education in China has made great achievements over the past decades and has contributed greatly to Chinas scientific and technological development, economic development and poverty reduction and social prosperity. However, it is inevitable that many problems have arisen in the development of education. Many studies have been done on this subject by Chinese scholars and many international scholars. Among the studies on the subject, equality in education is a major concern for many scholars. Based on existing international research, this paper discusses equality in education through the issues of economics, geography, gender and education policy. In this paper, it is found that economy and geography greatly influence educational equality, with regional economic development being positively associated with educational equality. Gender, although also influencing educational inequality to some extent, is not significant. Some of the policies that have been developed to promote equality in education have been less than satisfactory. Through the analysis and discussion of these issues, future research and development directions are proposed to further promote educational equality and enable the further development of education in China.
Evolve, Teeter, and Reinvigorate: Analyzing The Innocent Passage Through A Comprehensive Perspective
Authors: Wang Siyu
Published: October 2023

Facing an anarchy world who tries to reach a consensus of peaceful and legalized governance, its unavoidable to discuss the actual effectiveness of international law, yet such discussion shall be continuous, taking long-term efforts in order to get closer to its goal before a cooperative world come into being. Starting from the vital case of Corfu Channel that shaped its sphere of application, this article aims to discuss the innocent passage principle in the international law system, emphasizing its characteristics, flaws and the reasons behind. The article mainly used the methods of regulatory research and case study. The analysis stressed that the flaws of innocent passage regulations was on account of its nature of being a part of soft laws, but similar principles performed well in some other areas, such as the arctic and the outer space. Eventually, the article suggested that the soft laws like the innocent passage can be commendably applied in areas that was unexploited and without obvious military threats.
Stereotypical Representation of Women in Junior High School Textbook: A Study of the Textbook English Published by Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press
Authors: Huang Lan
Published: October 2023

Supervised by SDG goals (Gender Equality and Quality Education) and renewed national standards, China is performing an ongoing reformation of education curriculum, aiming to eradicate gender discrimination of all kindsincluding the omission and stereotyped representation of females in textbooks. To undo the historical preconceptions towards females and build impartial cognition in students, this paper demonstrates a critical approach to exam and refine the acclaimed textbook English (SFP Oxford Edition). The research adopted data collected by Sheng to testify the low participation of female figures in this textbook, and by deep down analyzing the contents of all six textbooks, the prescribed occupation for women, the inadequate representation of motherhood and heroine, and the omission of minority groups have been revealed. This research deconstructed the widely-used textbook in China, raised and categorized problems on equal and precise gender representation, which will guide and facilitate the development and iteration towards ideal textbook.
Enhancing Formative Assessment Practices in Chinese Classrooms: Opportunities and Limitations
Authors: Wu Leiying
Published: October 2023

This study examines the implementation of formative assessment in Chinese classrooms and the challenges faced by teachers in adopting this approach. The research focuses on four key aspects: teachers' understanding and conceptualization of formative assessment, their beliefs and attitudes towards it, the practices and strategies employed, and the obstacles encountered during implementation. The findings indicate that Chinese teachers generally have a good grasp of formative assessment and hold positive beliefs and attitudes towards it. However, challenges such as tight curriculum schedules, an exam-oriented education culture, limited teacher training and resources, and a lack of effective assessment tools and technology hinder the implementation of formative assessment practices. Reforms and innovations are necessary across various dimensions, including educational philosophy, policy systems, teacher training, and educational technology. Adequate training and support should be provided to enhance teachers' assessment literacy and improve their formative assessment practices. Policymakers and educational institutions should prioritize strengthening formative assessment practices and provide resources, support, and conducive environments for its effective implementation. Recent efforts, such as the release of new curriculum standards aimed at enhancing education quality and innovation in China, are promising steps in the right direction. By addressing these challenges and fostering a comprehensive understanding and application of formative assessment, teachers can effectively support student learning and development in Chinese classrooms.
Analysis and Suggestions towards Chinese Educational Migration Based on Ecological Systems Theory
Authors: Liu Kexin
Published: October 2023

Nowadays, the government and society pay more attention to educational fairness and quality of disadvantaged groups include migrant students of workers, and a series of relevant policies have been addressed to protect rights of them who have positive impacts on their families and society. Scholars have studied this issue from multiple perspectives, but few articles have comprehensively analyzed factors of migrant childrens education and interaction among them. The article is based on literature analysis and Ecological Systems Theory to sort out positive impacts for individual long-term development, workers entrepreneurship, urbanization, social stability and equality between urban and rural, and finds some negative impacts of migrant education like regional differences in learning, ideological cultural discrepancies, talent loss and instability of agricultural economy. It then summarizes government's attitude and a series of proposed policies and finds that policies became more precise and focused on solving migrant students problems. Based on these foundations, the article provides comprehensive and targeted suggestions to groups that affect education of migrant children from angles of Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem and Macrosystem comprehensively.
The Influence and Limitation of the 1929 Geneva Convention Relative to Prisoners of War
Authors: Wang Gufan
Published: October 2023

This paper aims to find the influence and limitations of the 1929 Geneva Convention relative to prisoners of war. To achieve that, an analysis of primary and secondary resources about treating POWs before and after the convention is made. Through the study, the 1929 Geneva Convention had a limited but real impact on treating prisoners of war. Concluded the way failed to solve many problems of treating POWs like the camp facilities, but the Red Cross provided help to many POW camps to improve prisoners living. The research on this topic can tell us the importance of the convention in history.
How do Different Educational Theories Apply to Group Study?
Authors: Gu Xiyu
Published: October 2023

In the development process of education, different educational theories can have a significant impact on the behavior of educators. This article will focus on how constructivism is reflected in group learning and combine it with other theories, such as behaviorism to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of constructivism. Based on the actual situation and educational models, some suggestions are proposed to improve the efficiency of group learning. The final conclusion drawn from this paper is that constructivism is the theoretical core of group learning, and the advantages of group learning can be maximized through appropriate teacher intervention and classified teaching. This study can successfully help educators broaden their thinking and change teaching strategies, thereby achieving more effective teaching outcomes.
How do Audible Message Notifications Influence the Quantity and Quality of Child-Directed Speech from Parents?
Authors: Li Keyao
Published: October 2023

The impact of direct mobile phone usage on child-directed speech (CDS) has been frequently explored. However, little is known about the effects of passive mobile phone interaction regarding this aspect. Using a repeated measures design with counterbalancing and a yoked control design, the present study examines the influence of audible message notifications on the quantity and quality of CDS delivered by parents. Results indicate that receiving message notifications reduces both the amount and quality of CDS and that a familiar message notification has a greater effect on diminishing parent-child interaction than an unfamiliar message notification. The findings thus have implications for parents, highlighting the importance of reducing passive mobile phone usage to construct a better language-learning environment for toddlers.
Research on the Interactiveness of TEM-4 Writing Tasks
Authors: Wei Qinyu
Published: October 2023

This study aims to explore the interactiveness of Test for English Majors-Band 4 (TEM-4) writing tasks and tries to give some advice for further improvement. Interactiveness, as defined by Bachman and Palmer, is an important quality in any test. In order to achieve such aims, this study proposes two research questions:1.How interactive is TEM-4s writing? 2.What do candidates think of TEM-4s writing tasks? This study mainly adopts a mixed method which collects data by distributing about 50 questionnaires to English majors online and conducting semi-structured interviews with three participants. Through statistical analysis of the interactiveness of TEM-4 writing tasks from four aspects, this study found that the level of interactiveness of TEM-4 writing task is moderate while the tasks are challenging enough which can truly test students comprehensive abilities. However, the topics of writing can be more innovative since students feel that they are told in stereotypes and cliches. Therefore, this study broadens the application field of the theory of interactiveness and applies it to TEM-4 writing tasks in China. Furthermore, it also can provide helpful implications for test makers.
Different Perceptions of Same Issue by Different Genders on Same Social Media Platform
Authors: Liu Shuyi , Gao Tianyi
Published: October 2023

During the nineteenth to twenty century males and females have not equal rights to find jobs and attend school. Equality became a hot topic during the nineteenth century. As human gain more knowledge and have more enlightened mind males and females are mainly equal in the legal and moral level. However, males and females still have to face their unequal sides that hide by customs and stereotypes. The chief object of this study is to survey the difference between genders opinions towards those two topics on different online platforms. One is male and female received the different treatment during job hunting. Another is the opinions towards womens behaviors during pregnancy. The method used in the study is known as questionnaire, experiments on mock recruitment, common software surveys and desired pregnancy lifestyles were made to measure this project aim. The authors undertook the experiment to support the hypothesis of in the same type of online platform, males and females have different opinions about the Equality. The authors carried out several studies in questionnaire which have demonstrated that even if man and woman are equal, its still not enough to change peoples own minds. All the preliminary results throw light on the nature that even though males and females are essentially equality, but its still not strong enough to change the subconsciousness of people.
Cyber-Attack Regulation: Issues and Advances in International Law
Authors: Cai Heng
Published: October 2023

With the development of network technology, cyber-attacks and cyber wars are likely to become new forms of warfare that endanger world peace. The current international law has difficulties in the definition of national sovereignty, the identification of national responsibility and the exercise of the right of self-defense when cyber-attacks occur. The international community needs to supplement and improve the existing rule system as soon as possible and impose stronger legal constraints on transnational cyber-attacks. Some measures can be taken to solve this problem. Firstly, countries around the world should be promoted to reach a consensus on the legal concept of cyber sovereignty. Secondly, the applicable conditions of the current law need to be clarified. That is to say, the national responsibility for cyber-attacks and a clearer interpretation of threat or use of force and armed attack should be clarified. Meanwhile, the circumstances and methods of exercising the right of self-defense should be clarified when a cyber-attack is encountered. Thirdly, new rules of international law and relevant international soft laws should be created to solved these problems.
An Overview of Chinas Vocational Education Practices and Implementation Policies from 2018 to 2022
Authors: Sun Fangshuo
Published: October 2023

China has given secondary vocational education more and more priority in recent years. In Chinas education community, topics such as student types and training methods are frequently discussed. The nation has released an increasing number of secondary vocational education policies in recent years. This study examines the secondary vocational education policies passed by The State Council of China from 2018 to 2022 in an effort to better understand the development orientation of Chinas secondary vocational education. 364 policies pertaining to secondary vocational education were acquired and coded by Nvivo screening. A questionnaire was created based on the coding results, and it was broken down into six dimensions: the professional teaching degree in the classroom, Internet use, 1+x certificate penetration level, educational resources, the schools promotion of students overall development, and the integration of industry and education. At the same time, special education, which involves the education of the disabled but is rarely included in the policy, is treated as a separate component. For the questionnaire survey, 153 secondary vocational students in total were chosen and dispersed around the nation. Spss and Amos tested the questionnaire. The test passed, and more analysis of the survey results was done.It is determined that while policy implementation is generally going well, there are still issues with student development overall, certificate penetration, and the integration of business and education. This study suggests remedies based on this, such as expanding practical operation training and enhancing school-business collaboration.
Reduction or Restrain? Social Reproduction in Chinas Compulsory Education under the Double Reduction Policy
Authors: Tang Jiahui
Published: October 2023

The double reduction policy was issued in 2021 in China as a means of reducing students schoolwork and restricting extracurricular tutoring, thereby alleviating students pressure and promote education equality. This paper investigates whether this policy eases educational inequality and promotes social mobility, or it reinforces social reproduction and intensifies social stratification. This paper begins with a brief introduction to Chinas compulsory education and the background of the double reduction policy. Afterwards, core and related theories of social reproduction are introduced and critically analysed. According to the theories and the context, it is examined how reproduction occurs through Chinas compulsory education. Subsequently, a review is conducted of the current impact of this policy, particularly on the acquisition of educational resources by students from different backgrounds. Schools, families, and tutoring institutions are considered the main fields where reproduction take place. It turns out that the double reduction policy to students, appears not only as a burden-reduction mechanism, but more like a restriction that hinders the acquisition of necessary assistance by ordinary families while ensuring the availability of high-quality resources for elite families, thus marginalising education resources, privatising education, and perpetuating class privileges among elite families.
Unveiling Implicit Ingroup Bias among Chinese Students Pursuing Higher Education Abroad
Authors: Yuan Zineng
Published: October 2023

This paper examines the role of ingroup bias in the social segregation experienced by Chinese International Students in North America. It proposes a novel approach to utilizing ingroup bias as a framework for analyzing this issue. The experiment uses a regular class setting to measure stress and anxiety levels during self-introductions, varying the ratio of Chinese-to-non-Chinese students (25%, 50%, and 100%). Anticipated outcomes include one optimal result and two alternative results, considering multiple contributing factors. Importantly, this paper offers a fresh perspective on the issue through the lens of ingroup bias and challenges the prevailing macro-perspective in its study.
Eligible Juridical Person Investors in ICSID Arbitration
Authors: Hou Yutong
Published: October 2023

An investors eligibility is a prerequisite for International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) tribunal to acquire jurisdiction over a case. There is no definite conclusion on whether an entity is an eligible investor, often leading to disagreement. In current international investment practice, arbitration tribunals usually consider the definition of investor in the bilateral investment treaties concluded by the parties to the dispute and use it as one of the bases for determining the investors international status. Since the identification of juridical person investors is a controversial issue in practice, this essay will analyze the criteria for ICSIDs decision in the Tokios Tokels v. Ukraine as an example and examine the issue of pierce the corporate veil to explore the path to resolve related disputes.
Research on the Application of Python in Chinese High School Education: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Sun Lang
Published: October 2023

Python programming courses have been gradually introduced into the high school education stage in China since 2013. This paper explores the application of Python in the Chinese education system, discusses the challenges faced, and presents corresponding solutions. Python facilitates students learning and problem-solving abilities while aligning with the demands of the era. Despite positive progress, challenges such as resource constraints and teacher training need to be addressed. Also, several problems encountered during the implementation of Python in practice are identified, including scheduling prioritization, insufficient qualifications of teachers, and challenges in remote areas. Solutions are proposed, such as incorporating Python into the curriculum evaluation and supervision, improving teacher qualifications through training and collaborations with experts, and providing hardware support in remote areas. Therefore, this paper presents the application status, challenges, and solutions of Python in Chinese high school education. It emphasizes the importance of promoting collaboration, practical abilities, and learning confidence among students. Future research can further explore the impact of Python on education and analyze specific contexts to enhance the localization and specialization of Python in China.
Analysis of Copyright Protection Issues for Characters in Works
Authors: Yang Yuyan
Published: October 2023

The use of characters in various types of prior works in modern society has raised questions about whether characters can be regarded as subjects of copyright. Based on copyright legislation and jurisprudence, regardless of the type or scale, the determination of whether any intellectual creation is eligible for copyright protection rests solely on the criteria of originality and replicability, unrelated to factors such as the commercial value of the characters. Various standards applicable to the issue of copyrightability of characters, as practiced in both Chinese and American judicial contexts, emphasize the consideration of specific descriptive elements inherent in characters. Guided by the "idea-expression dichotomy" principle, deconstructing characters reveals that only when characters are concretely and adequately described, and when they have transcended the realm of conceptual ideas to constitute an expression of originality, can they independently become subjects of copyright separate from the work they originate in. The protection and use of characters in works should respect the objective laws of cultural creation, inheritance, and development, in order to ultimately achieve the fundamental principles and goals of copyright legislation.
The Influence of Children's Literature on Bilingual Education in China
Authors: Xiao Yuxi
Published: October 2023

Children's literature has emerged as a significant resource in bilingual education, particularly in China because it helps students become more proficient in multiple languages, have a deeper understanding of different cultures, and have increased opportunities for communication and future academic success. This paper provides an overview of the current state of employing children's literature in bilingual education and explores its influence on language skills, cultural understanding, and literacy development. The paper highlights the need for effective teaching materials and strategies in bilingual education and analyzes the challenges faced in using children's literature in this context. Further, several key strategies are proposed for the use of children's literature in bilingualism. It discusses the influence of children's literature on cultural comprehension and bilingual vocabulary learning and suggests practical activities like book club discussions and creative writing for better application in bilingual education. It also promotes a comprehensive approach involving cultural integration, teacher training, material development, creative activities, and research-based strategies to enhance learning outcomes for bilingual students.
Analyze IMDb movies by sentiment and topic analysis
Authors: Ouyang Ningjing
Published: October 2023

Movie is an important cultural form, carrying multiple levels and meanings such as art, entertainment and social value. Movie review and rating data sets are huge, and deep learning and natural language processing methods are widely used today. Advances in big data and deep learning offer unprecedented opportunities to understand moviegoer behavior and preferences while providing a cost-effective way to gain insights relevant to the entertainment industry. This project conducts sentiment analysis, topic modeling, and visual statistical analysis based on the IMDb movie data set to identify key factors and deeper insights that influence successful decision-making in film production. This project first uses the word embedding method to vectorize the movie review text, and then uses Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) to perform sentiment classification. In addition, statistical methods such as visualization were used to discover conclusions such as the highest average number of movies released in November, and identify trends, patterns and relationships between the variables of IMDb movies. Finally, the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling model was constructed to find out that the important topic with increased demand is light entertainment movies, highlighting the commercial feasibility of comedy movies as a profitable business model. In summary, this project uses an emotion-topic fusion analysis method based on the Bi-LSTM emotion classification method and the LDA topic modeling method. The results show that the Bi-LSTM model can better identify positive and negative emotions in movie reviews, and the LDA topic model performs well in mining popular topics.
Nutrient and Plankton Abundance in the Major Nursery Grounds of Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) in Perspective of Water Quality Factors
Authors: Moniruzzaman Md , Flura  , Alam Mohammad Ashraful , Rahman Md. Hashibur , Hasan Khondaker Rashidul , Lima Rabina Akther , Mahmud Yahia
Published: October 2023

This study was contemplated to depict the nutrient composition and dissertation of plankton present in the six hilsa sanctuaries. The water temperature (25.6±0.8ºC), nitrate (0.005±0.01 mg/L), phosphate (0.002±0.0004 mg/L) and DO (7.7±1.1 mg/L) followed by pH (7.6±0.6), transparency (44.4±10.6 cm), alkalinity (112.4 ±26.4 mg/L), hardness (304.5±69.5 mg/L) and CO2 (10.3±1.2 mg/L). The chlorophyll a was estimated and represents the biomass of phytoplankton (8.21 ± 2.3 µg/L). Twelve groups (families) of phytoplankton (Bacillariophyceae, Ulvophyceae, Zygnematophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, Fragillariophyceae, Gonatozygeceze, Cyanophyceae, Hydrodictyaceae, Stephanodiscaceae, Trebouxiophyceae, Melosiraceae and Euglenoida) comprising 26 genera and zooplankton (Branchiopoda, Hexanauplia, Heterotrichea, Diaptomidae, Eurotatoria, Cryptophyceae, Rotifera, Copepod, Crustacea, Monogononta, Bdelloida) having 14 genera were identified at all sampling stations. The present biological investigation disclosed the variation of physicochemical parameters and their influences on plankton community (phytoplankton and zooplankton) of hilsa sanctuary area with an exploration statistical data output to acquire the insights of the study sites and suggested the suitable hilsa fisheries management action plan for the sustainable management of hilsa fishery.
Idiopathic Osteosclerosis and Condensing Osteitis in a Sample of the Lebanese Population: A Digital Panoramic Based Study
Authors: Hayek Elie , Maalouf Elie , Nassar Jean , AbiLamaa Fadi , Aoun Georges
Published: October 2023

Background: Idiopathic osteosclerosis (IO) is an area of enlarged bone production in the jaw that usually appears radiopaque and round, elliptical, or irregular in shape. Condensing osteitis (CO) is a focalized osseous reaction leading to periapical sclerotic bone growth. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, localization, shape, and dental relationship of IO and CO in a group of Lebanese patients and to correlate these findings to age and gender. Methods: 520 digital panoramic radiographs of patients (215 men and 305 women) ranging in age from 18 to 77 (mean age 40.89 years) who visited the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, for dental treatment were included in this study and assessed for IO and CO. The prevalence of the two lesions according to gender and age, as well as their localization, and dental relationship, were recorded and saved in an Excel sheet. Results: Among the 520 radiographs, 47 (9%) showed IO, and 30 (5.8%) showed CO. Both lesions are more frequent among females in their third decade and are essentially found in the mandible, mainly in relation to the root apices. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, we concluded that in our sample of the Lebanese population, the prevalence of IO and CO is low and supports the theory that IO can be defined as developmental variations of normal bony architecture unrelated to a local stimulant, and CO could be considered reactive bone formations related to pulpitis, deep restoration, or caries.
Intravitreal Sustained-release Dexamethasone Implant in Treatment for Chronic Macular Edema in Syphilis Infection: a Case Report
Authors: Mehmedovic Azra , Drino Vernesa , Biscevic Alma , Pjano Melisa
Published: October 2023

Background: Macular edema results from many conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammatory diseases, cataract operation, trauma, and tumors. Specifically, the capillary filtration rate should equal the speed of fluid removal from extracellular retinal tissue, such as the glial and retinal pigment epithelium cells layer (RPE). Once these forces are imbalanced, fluid accumulates in cystoid spaces within the inner layers of the retina. Objective: The main purpose of this case report is to show that macular edema caused by any inflammation, either bacteria, virus, or autoimmune origin, can be treated successfully, even if it is chronic. Case report: A 31-year-old man has been reported to our clinic with symptoms of blurry vision in the left eye, which occurred during the last year. Essential examinations included CDVA, IOP measurement, slit-lamp examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and OCT scan that showed significant macular edema (central foveal thickness of 353 microns). We initiated laboratory searches, such as blood, serology, and immunology testing for the next three months after his first visit, together with prescribed topical and periocular corticosteroid therapy. The test to VDRL (venereal disease research laboratory) for Syphilis and Toxocariasis came positive. We took the best decision and recommended further treatment with the intravitreal application of Dexamethasone Implant 0.7mg. One week after the intravitreal application of corticosteroids on the control exam, there were normal findings on the posterior segment with no macular edema (central foveal thickness of 269 microns). Conclusion: It is unexclusive that infection by Treponema pallidum (TP) causes isolated macular edema without any other symptoms on the anterior segment of the eye. It has indirect action on the macula, not just causing papilledema, retinal vasculitis, retinochoroiditis, and inflammatory disc edema, as expected. TP or the bacteria transmembrane protein (treponemal ligands) directly acting on vascular endothelial cells of the RPE cells, will be the key to the most certain mechanism of this condition. It is related to the possibility of the secretion of cytokines and the interactions between immune cells indirectly.
Editorial
Authors: Alabdulwahhab Khalid
Published: October 2023

From Editor’s Desk…

A few examples of emerging viruses that are posing a serious threat to public health and receiving international attention are the avian influenza virus, Ebola, the coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and the coronavirus that causes Middle East respiratory disease (MERS). The world has been battling to recover from COVID-19 up until this moment. However, there are fresh challenges that are emerging, which is alarming.
From July 4 to October 13, 2023, the Kankan region located in east-central Guinea reported a total of 538 cases of diphtheria. A total of 520 cases were suspected, out of which 18 were confirmed, resulting in 58 deaths, including 13 confirmed deaths. The predominant age group of patients were within the range of 1 to 4 years.
There is an outbreak of dengue in Chad, according to the Ministry of Public Health and Prevention. Eight health districts spread over four provinces reported 1,342 suspected cases as of October 1st, of which 41 were confirmed.
From September 12 to 15, 2023, the Kozhikode district in Kerala witnessed six laboratory-confirmed cases of the Nipah virus, including two deaths, according to the Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
The infectious pathogens that are spreading continue to pose a threat to public safety. However, there are also typical approaches to deal with the issue, like epidemiological studies, public awareness initiatives, and effective public health systems.
Source: World Health Organisation (WHO)

Dr. Khalid Mohammed Alabdulwahhab
Editor in Chief
Evaluation of the Experience of Online Classes for Medical Students during Covid- 19, Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia 2020
Authors: Abdelrahman Huda , Almaziad Aljoharah , Alotaibi Wojdan , Almutairi Maram , Almousa Moudi , AlMotairi Wad , Alzahrani Mansour , Loni Shamshad , Ejiel Madania
Published: October 2023

Background and Aims:
Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, traditional face-to-face teaching stopped, which affected medical students’ learning. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia suspended all educational institutions and shifted to E-learning techniques classes in response to COVID-19. The College of Medicine at Ma¬jmaah University also completely shifted from traditional face-to-face learning to E- learning through Blackboard and Zoom applications. Aim of the study was to evaluate the experience of online classes during COVID-19 among medical students in Majmaah University, 2020.
Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional institutional-based study was conducted in the College of Medicine at Majmaah University. Using stratified random sampling, 160 students were selected from years 2, 3, 4 and 5 for this study.
Results:
Most medical students ,96%, attended online classes regularly. However, 91.9% of students got the information clearly during the online classes. Approximately 55% of students experienced some tech¬nical issues, such as internet problems. On the contrary, 33.2% of students faced financial problems. Regarding health problems, 63.8% of students experienced increased stress and anxiety, while 68.5% of them had sleeping problems. More than half of the students, 69.4%, were satisfied with online classes.
Conclusions:
The study has shown that most students were satisfied with online education.
Participants’ knowledge gain, feedback, and organizers’ experience after online symposium organized for continuous medical education
Authors: Kailashiya Vikas , Kailashiya Jyotsna , Sharma Hanjabam
Published: October 2023

Background: Worldwide lockdown and restrictions due to COVID-19 pandemic prohibited gathering of people, which affected the academic activities and learning, especially in professional courses. During the COVID-19 pandemic, online academic events became popular due to necessities, and also convenience. Effectiveness of such online academic events is still not substantially proven.

Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the participants’ knowledge gain, feedback, and organizers’ experience after online symposium organized for continuous medical education (CME).

Materials and Methods: We conducted a 2-day electronic symposium (E-Symposium) as part of CME program, collected data from the participants before and after the symposium regarding their knowledge gain and feedback.

Results: Our data analysis proved that E-Symposium resulted in significant knowledge gain of the participants, which was highest for faculty, followed by PhD scholars and postgraduate students. More than 80% of participants gave positive feedback and wished to participate in more such online events. Our results confirm that online academic events are successful in medical education and benefit the participants.

Conclusion: Academic events organized with online platforms provide good opportunities for both teachers and students to gain knowledge, especially during pandemic and times of social restrictions.
Comparative evaluation of effectiveness and safety of meropenem in term and preterm neonates with neonatal sepsis
Authors: Agrawal Himanshu , Verma Veena , Chellani Harish , Garg Paridhi
Published: October 2023

Background: Neonatal sepsis is one of the most common causes of substantial neonatal morbidity and mortality. In India, it is estimated that 7.5 lakh neonates die every year, which is the highest neonatal mortality rate (NMR) in the world. This is despite the fact that NMR declined from 44/1000 lives birth in 2000–28/1000 live births in 2013. The rate of decline has been slow and lags behind that of the infant mortality rate and the under-five mortality rate.

Aims and Objectives: To study the effectiveness and safety of meropenem in the treatment of sepsis affecting term and preterm neonates.

Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective, observational study conducted at Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi. A total of 76 subjects were enrolled (38 term and 38 preterm neonates). All neonates, preterm or term, admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with neonatal sepsis, either clinical or culture-proven sepsis, who had not received meropenem before admission and would be given meropenem as empirical or culture-sensitive were included. All enrolled neonates were evaluated for the effectiveness of meropenem. Pre- and post-meropenem dose clinical and laboratory data were evaluated using the presumptive clinical cure score (PCCS).

Results: There was a significant difference between pre- and post-PCCS of all the neonates (P < 0.001) in both groups. There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of meropenem therapy in neonatal sepsis in term and preterm neonates (P = 0.253). There was no significant difference in the adverse reaction profile between preterm and term neonates for skin rash (P = 0.614) and diarrhea (P = 1.00).

Conclusion: Meropenem is quite effective and safe for neonatal sepsis in both term and preterm neonates. So, giving meropenem as a second or third line in a dose of 20–40 mg/kg 8 hours a day according to gestation is a good drug for the treatment of neonatal sepsis.
APLICAÇÃO DO MÉTODO DE SÍNTESE MODAL DE COMPONENTES EM DUTOS VISANDO ANÁLISE DE VIBRAÇÃO
Authors: Ordoñez Jose Manuel Bautista , Nunes Maria Alzira de Araújo
Published: October 2023

As cavidades ressonantes acopladas em dutos, também conhecidos como “Quarter-Wavelength Tube”, funcionam como filtros acústicos capazes de atenuar o ruído em amplas faixas de frequência. Porém, ao introduzir um novo elemento estrutural no sistema original de dutos, a dinâmica vibratória do sistema resultante deverá ser analisada de modo a garantir a integridade estrutural e evitando assim, possíveis ressonâncias. Os sistemas tubulares aplicados para fins de aquecimento, ventilação e ar-condicionado, geralmente possuem grandes dimensões tanto em área transversal quanto em comprimento. Para realização da análise modal, metodologias experimentais e numéricas são as mais utilizadas. Mas diante da complexidade destes sistemas e principalmente das grandes dimensões geométricas, o método de Síntese Modal de Componentes (SMC) surge como uma alternativa às anteriores, principalmente em termos de redução de tempo e custo computacional. A SMC trabalha com modelos reduzidos de subestruturas do sistema original, e posteriormente, estas são sintetizadas de modo a obter a dinâmica do sistema completo. Diante deste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é implementar a técnica de SMC em um sistema duto-ressonador lateral utilizando modelagem em elementos finitos. A validação do modelo sintetizado foi feita através da modelagem do sistema completo (original) também em elementos finitos. Os resultados obtidos se mostraram satisfatórios, demonstrando eficiência e redução do tempo e do custo computacional quando é utilizado a SMC.
Identifying the cognitive and metacognitive approaches using post editing techniques toward English-Indonesian and Indonesian-English Text
Authors: Amaliah
Published: October 2023

The aims to identify toward English-Indonesian and Indonesian-English Text by using cognitive approach and to identify toward English-Indonesian and Indonesian-English Text by using metacognitive approach. Related to cognitive approaches and metacognitive approaches; The person engages in a lot of metacognitive processes. The respondent modified the submit-text using their own methods for the total results. In order to construct a comparative target text, the respondent first retranslated using Google Translator to create the target texts. Second, compared the two translated versions of the text that Google Document (GD) and Google Translate created (GT). The participant appears to be able to rely on her logical reasoning and solely has faith in the resources that have been made available to her.TAP translation techniques work to help students develop a positive attitude about translation as an activity that incorporates a great deal of cognitive and metacognitive activities. The research utilized a qualitative approach with a case study method where the participants is asked to conduct a post editing activity utilizing the Think Aloud Protocol or TAP strategy. The strategies use for collecting the data are: (1) examining, (2) analyzing, (3) categorizing and (4) assessing. Coding analysis is used to analyze the data. Therefore, the goal of the post-editing is basically to identify a gap or a problem in the MT output and find a solution to the problem to achieve the acceptable final output.
The Relationship Between Stokvels and Banking Sector Efficiency: An ARDL Approach
Authors: Ngcobo Lindiwe
Published: October 2023

This study examines the cointegration relationship long-run between stokvels and banking sector development measured by banking sector efficiency in South Africa by using the ARDL approach technique with economic time series data ranging from 1987Q3 to 2020Q1. This study reveals that in the long-run, stokvel savings has a negative relationship with banking sector development. In the short run results are negative and significant coefficient. This study reveals implications for policymakers should promote and advance the social and economic welfare of South Africans, promote a fair, transparent, competitive, sustainable, responsible, efficient, effective and accessible credit market and industry, and promote consumers.
Ülkelerin Gelir Düzeyleri ve Ağa Hazırlık Endeksi Bileşenlerinin: Dijital Göçmen Yaşlı Bireylerin Internet ve Sosyal Medya Kullanımlarına Etkileri
Authors: ALAKOÇ BURMA Zehra , ÖZDEMİR Asena Ayça
Published: October 2023

Dünya Ekonomik Formu 2022 yılı “Küresel Bilgi Teknolojileri” Raporunu yayınladı. Her yıl farklı bir tema ile yayımlanan raporun bu yılki teması "Yeni dijital çağa adım atmak - Dijital yerliler dünyayı nasıl ve neden değiştirecek?" tir. Raporda dijital çağ ve dijital yerliler kavramları öne çıkmaktadır. Bizde bu çalışmamızda ilgili raporu ve temasını ele alarak; önce dijital yerli, dijital göçmen ve dijital uçurum (dijital bölünme) kavramlarını ele aldık. Sonra 65 yaş ve üzeri dijital göçmenlerin yeni dijital çağda ne durumda oldukları, dijital çağın 65 yaş ve üzeri dijital göçmenlere dünyalarını değiştirme arayışında nelerin rehberlik ettiğini ve onların yeniçağda bilişim teknolojilerini facebook, Instagram ve messenger için sosyal medya alanında kullanmaya ne kadar hazır oldukları ve ne kadar kullanabiliyor? olduklarını ve bunlara etki eden faktörleri ülkemiz ve küresel dünya ülkeleri açısından ele aldık. Bu çalışmada küresel iki rapor kullanılmıştır. Birincisi, Dünya Ekonomik Forumu tarafından 2001 yılından beri her yıl yayımlanan ve bilişim teknolojilerinin bir ülke içinde kullanımına dair bir performans analizi ve ülkelerin bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerini (BİT) kullanmaya hazırlıklı olma düzeylerini karşılaştırmalı olarak ölçen “Küresel Bilgi Teknolojileri” raporunun 131 ülke için 58 göstergeden oluşan Ağa Bağlı Hazırlık Endeksi (AHE) bileşenlerinin 2022 yılı değerleri. İkincisi ise; dünya genelinde dijital ve sosyal medya kullanımı, mobil penetrasyon, internet kullanımı, sosyal medya platformları kullanıcı istatistikleri, e-ticaret, e-oyun ve mobil uygulama indirmeleri gibi birçok veriyi içeren WeareSocial ve MeltWater tarafından hazırlanan dünyanın dijital ağ davranışlarına ilişkin temel rehber niteliğinde olan “Dijital 2023-Küresel Genel Bakış” raporu. Bu çalışmanın amacı; AHE’nın 2022 yılında 131 ülke için yayınlanan raporundan; 59 ülke için hesaplanan AHE nın 58 göstergesinin 15 bileşeni ile “Dijital 2023” raporunun aynı 59 ülke için nüfus, yaşa göre nufüs bilgileri, GSYİH, nüfusun internet ve sosyal medya kullanım gibi değerler/oranlarının 65 yaş ve üzeri yaşlı bireylerin demografik profili (yaşa ve cinsiyete göre facebook, Instagram ve Messenger) değerlerinin AHE indeks değerleri ile arasındaki ilişkileri açıklamaktır. Grup karşılaştırmaları için Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U test kullanılırken, doğrusal ilişkiler için Spearman Rho korelasyon katsayıları hesaplanmış ve 65 yaş ve üzeri META kullanım oranlarını etkileyen değişkenler Çoklu Lineer Regresyon ile incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda 65 yaş ve üzeri bireylerin sosyal medya kategorilerindeki kullanımlarında temel değişkenin yaş ve ınternete erişebiliyor olmak değil; gelir durumu, eğitim, kırsalda yaşama, cinsiyet ve cinsiyete göre de farklılıklar içeren faktörlere de bağlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Unveiling Pakistani English: A Linguistic and Cultural Odyssey of Features, Evolution, and Distinctiveness
Authors: Asgher Tahira , Kashif Shahzad Asma , Hanif Anum
Published: October 2023

Pakistani English, recognized as a unique non-native, emerging, and indigenous variety of English, has evolved into an independent norm-dependent, and institutionalized language form. Diverging from Standard British English, it exhibits distinctive features in morphology, syntax, lexis, grammar, and phonology, shaped by socio-cultural, religious, and regional influences, contributing to its singular linguistic and cultural identity. Utilized across various domains, including education, commerce, and science and technology, Pakistani English plays a pivotal role within the Pakistani context. This comprehensive study sheds light on Pakistani English, encompassing its historical development, and conducting an in-depth exploration of its linguistic characteristics, namely lexical, morphological, syntactic, and phonological features. Additionally, it meticulously delineates the distinctions between Pakistani English and Standard British English. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative analysis of linguistic data with ethnographic insights, providing a holistic understanding of Pakistani English's intricate interplay between language and culture. The study underscores the significance of these findings in advancing the fields of linguistic and cultural studies, offering valuable insights into the complex dynamics of language evolution and its profound impact on cultural identity and communication in the contemporary world.