bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term hemodynamic response of carvedilol and simvastatin in compensated versus decompensated chronic liver disease with portal hypertension
Authors: Shaheen Nazir  , Zeeshan Ahmed Wani  , Afaq Ahmad  , Asif Iqbal  , Altaf Hussain
Published: January 2025

Background: A combination of carvedilol and Simvastatin have recognized their role as rescue therapy for carvedilol non-responders in chronic liver disease (CLD)-associated portal hypertension. However, there are scarce data regarding its role in specific subclasses, and stratification of response according to the computed tomographic perfusion (CTP) score has never been seen before.
Aims and Objective: (1) To compare hemodynamic response and side effects of a combination therapy in decompensated and compensated patients. (2) Stratify the effect of combination therapy according to CTP score.
Materials and Methods: In 102 consecutive patients of CLD with esophageal varices, the hepatic venous pressure gradient was measured at baseline and after 3 months of dose optimization of carvedilol. Simvastatin was added to non-responders and hemodynamics repeated at 1 month of dual therapy. The response of compensated CLD was compared with decompensated patients and was stratified as per the CTP on follow-up.
Results: Overall, out of 43 compensated patients, 21 responded acutely and response increased to 29 (67.44%) at 3 months. While 31 of 59 (52.54%) decompensated patients responded acutely but dose escalation did not increase response significantly after 3 months. The addition of Simvastatin did increase the response, although side effects were more in decompensated group. The addition of Simvastatin also decreased decompensation in the high-risk compensated group and maintained their MELD.Na.
Conclusion: Response in compensated CLD patients was more than in decompensated patients; however, it was statistically insignificant. Attrition was more in patients with CTP >10 due to drug intolerance, side effects, or deaths.
Accessory cavitated uterine mass in a young female with chronic pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea
Authors: Deepti Naik
Published: January 2025

Accessory and cavitated uterine mass is a rare form of developmental Mullerian anomaly seen in young females, which presents as chronic recurrent pelvic pain and severe dysmenorrhea. Hysterosalpingography (HSG), ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the mainstay of diagnostic imaging. This entity is often underdiagnosed; therefore, a high index of suspicion combined with HSG and MRI imaging can help in making an accurate and timely diagnosis and thus prevent unnecessary interventions.
A comparative study of ferric carboxymaltose and iron sucrose as a parenteral iron treatment in iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sandip Kumar Ghosh  , Raston Mondal  , Sutapa Mandal  , Arindam De
Published: January 2025

Background: Anemia from the Greek word (anhaima) meaning “without blood” is the deficiency of red blood cell and/or hemoglobin which result in reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of blood causing tissue hypoxia.
Aims and Objectives: To study the efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) versus iron sucrose in the management of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy.
Materials and Methods: A prospective, single-center, comparative interventional randomized study was carried among 180 antenatal mother admitted to antenatal ward in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, from July 1st, 2020, to December 30th, 2021.
Results: A total of 180 patients, 90 patients in each FCM and iron sucrose group, were included in the study. There was significant (P=0.001) mean change in hemoglobin (Hb) level in both the groups from pre-treatment to 3 and 6-week post-treatment. There was also a significant (P=0.001) mean change in ferritin level in both the groups from pre-treatment to 3 and 6-week post-treatment. The mean change in Hb level and ferritin level was higher among patients of FCM compared to iron sucrose. The adverse reactions were lower among patients of FCM than iron sucrose.
Conclusions: This study found that FCM is safer than iron sucrose. Treatment with FCM resulted in rapid replenishment of iron stores in pregnant women with significantly high rise of Hb and ferritin levels over a 6-week period with lesser adverse effects.
Pancreatitis in pregnancy: The complex interplay with triglycerides and diabetes
Authors: Parisha Boda  , Harshal Saxena  , Suthar Nilay , Bhati Adityasinh
Published: January 2025

A rare and complex condition, severe gestational hypertriglyceridemia with acute pancreatitis in a primigravida poses a significant therapeutic challenge due to the absence of established guidelines. Many patients with hypertriglyceridemia exhibit concomitant insulin resistance, obesity, and fasting hyperchylomicronemia. This case report explores the successful management of a 20-year-old primigravida at 7 months of pregnancy presenting with severe gestational hypertriglyceridemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and acute pancreatitis. Despite a lack of prior complications, the patient exhibited metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and acute kidney injury. A multifaceted approach involving insulin, statins, fenofibrate, antibiotics, and supportive measures resulted in improved lipid profiles and blood glucose levels. With induced labor and vaginal delivery, the intrauterine fetal death was addressed. The importance of routine lipid profile screening in high-risk pregnancies is underscored, emphasizing the need for early recognition and aggressive multidisciplinary management of severe metabolic complications in pregnant individuals with acute pancreatitis. This case stresses the critical role of a comprehensive approach for a successful outcome in such cases.
Diaphragm ultrasound: A predictor of extubation in head injury patients
Authors: Anusha Rao Uchila  , Aafaque Ahmad Anjum  , Tirpude Naresh
Published: January 2025

Background: Timing is critical when determining if a patient can be successfully extubated. The criteria for obtaining the optimal time for extubation are bare minimum and subject to variability. There are not many studies that are done to use diaphragm function or diaphragm thickness (Tdi) to have any role in extubation outcome as success or failure.
Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to apply diaphragmatic ultrasound as a predictor of extubation to reduce morbidity and mortality in these patients.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a prospective single-blind study among patients admitted in post-anesthesia care unit and surgical intensive care unit, Department of Anesthesiology at Trauma care Centre during the study period of June 2019–November 2021. The ultrasonographer was informed of the intensivist’s decision to start weaning. Tdi is measured at end expiration and end inspiration. The percent change in Tdi between end expiration and end inspiration (ΔTdi%) was calculated as (Tdi end inspiration–Tdi end expiration/Tdi end expiration) ×100.
Results: Mean age was 46.2±15.2 years, ranging from 18 to 66 years. Tdi was above 30 in 64% cases, whereas Tdi% at end of expiration was above 0.17 cm in 62% cases. Weaning was successful in 78% cases whereas weaning failed in 22% cases. Weaning success rate was significantly associated with higher Tdi at end expiration (≥0.17 cm) (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Timely weaning off is very important. Delayed weaning may lead to further infection and complications. Diaphragmatic ultrasound plays a vital role in extubating the patient. Ultrasound-guided Tdi and diaphragm motion can be used as a predictor for timely extubation. Diaphragmatic thickness reflects the strength of diaphragm and hence would help us to estimate a successful extubation.
Psychological impact on the quality-of-life in patients of psoriasis vulgaris: A systemic review
Authors: Aniruddha Ghosh  , Ambarish Ghosh  , Maidul Islam SK  , Raghav Oza
Published: January 2025

Living with a chronic condition like psoriasis can significantly affect the individual involved. Psoriasis patients have difficulties with their physical, psychological, occupational, and social functioning. These impairments can result in psychiatric morbidity depression and anxiety disorders. This systematic review (SR) assessed the impact of psychological factors in life of psoriasis patients. The literature search comprised Medline through PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Wiley Online Library, and additional sources such as Google Scholar, spanning the period from 2014 to 2023. Thorough examination of the most important electronic databases was conducted. Various study designs, including observational studies, trials, and commentaries, were incorporated to ensure a comprehensive examination of the research topic. The risk of bias was evaluated using established methodology. This SR comprised 13 studies, with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool employed to assess biases in randomized trials across five domains. The majority of the studies demonstrated a low risk (57.69%), indicating their reliability while those categorized as unclear (37.17%) exhibited some ambiguity without compromising the validity of results. Studies categorized as high risk (5.12%) suggested significant bias and potential errors. The findings indicate an association between psoriasis and various psychological factors, including depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, impaired emotional functioning, negative body image, and self-perception. The significant impact of depression and anxiety on individuals with psoriasis underscores the need for greater awareness of its psychological aspects. Incorporating psychological interventions into care and management strategies is crucial for addressing this chronic condition and enhancing overall well-being, thus improving quality of life.
Comparative study on outcomes between open reduction and internal fixation with plating and K-wires plus casting for distal end radius fractures
Authors: Sudheer Kumar  , Vijaya Kumar Gannu  , Raju Rayapuram  , Muralidhar Bandi
Published: January 2025

Background: Distal end radius fractures are common injuries treated in orthopedic practice, with varying treatment modalities influencing outcomes.
Aims and Objectives: The study was designed to compare the outcomes between open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with plating and K-wires plus casting in patients treated for distal end radius fractures.
Materials and Methods: One hundred patients with distal end radius fractures were included and divided into two groups: Group A (ORIF with plating) and Group B (K-wires plus casting), with 50 patients in each group. Parameters included were healing time, complication rates, functional recovery, patient satisfaction scores, pain levels during recovery, and the time to return to daily activities.
Results: Group A demonstrated a shorter average healing time (8 weeks) compared to Group B (9 weeks). Complication rates showed 5% malunion and 4% delayed union in Group A, against 12% and 6%, respectively, in Group B. Functional recovery was higher in Group A, with 93% grip strength and 88% range of motion recovery. Patient satisfaction was also higher in Group A (8.5 out of 10) compared to Group B (7.5 out of 10). Pain levels during recovery were lower in Group A, and the time to return to daily activities was shorter (8 weeks for Group A versus 10 weeks for Group B).
Conclusion: The study suggests that ORIF with plating offers better outcomes in terms of healing time, complication rates, functional recovery, patient satisfaction, pain management, and quicker return to daily activities than K-wires plus casting for distal end radius fractures.
Vagaries of osteosarcoma at a tertiary care center in Southern India
Authors: Tuhina Das  , Raghuveer CV  , Anwesha Nayak  , Ruchi Sinha  , Anirban Ghosh
Published: January 2025

Background: Osteosarcoma (Os) is the greatest histologic mimicker of all bone tumors. We conducted a retrospective study on its various histopathological patterns, vis-à-vis, clinical and diagnostic features, highlighting its variations.
Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study was to study the demographic distribution of Os presenting to our centers and appreciate the histological variations of the disease prevalent in this part of the world as such a study had not been done before.
Materials and Methods: Over a period of 25 years, we encountered 100 cases of Os at our institution. The clinical details, investigative findings, gross appearance of tumor tissue obtained, and their hematoxylin and eosin-stained microscopic appearance were studied.
Results: The majority were in the 2nd and 3rd decades with a male-to-female ratio of 1.8:1. Long bones were most commonly involved. Microscopically, apart from the conventional type, the histological variants encountered were small cell, soft tissue, malignant fibrous histiocytoma-like, telangiectatic, and juxtacortical including parosteal, periosteal, and dedifferentiated parosteal. Patients were treated with radical amputations, chemo-radiotherapy, and limb salvage surgeries.
Conclusion: Being obvious that Os presents with a variety of presentations eluding any prediction regards its biologic behavior, the pathologist should be keen on thorough sampling of tumor tissue and correlate the histologic type with the radiological appearance and clinical presentation.
Adherence to the post-exposure prophylaxis among animal bite patients attending rabies clinic at tertiary care hospital – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shivasharan HN  , Chaitra Ramesh Chavan  , Neeta PN  , Sameena ARB  , Suresh CM  , Ramesh K  , Ananthachari KR
Published: January 2025

Background: Rabies is an acute and 100% fatal viral disease transmitted to humans through the bite or lick of an infected animal. It can be successfully prevented if a complete course of anti-rabies vaccine (ARV) is taken following an animal bite. The present study reveals the compliance of animal bite victims to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study are as follows:(1) To determine the adherence to PEP among animal bite victims and factors influencing it.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective record-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the anti-rabies clinic of VIMS Hospital Ballari. Information regarding sociodemographic variables, animal bite history, category of bite, treatment received, and completion of ARV schedule of all the animal bite cases were collected from the animal bite register and treatment card during the period from July 2023 to December 2023.
Results: Out of the total 350 animal bite victims, all of them received the first dose of vaccine, 86.28% completed two doses, 72% completed three doses, and only 51.14% completed the schedule by taking all four doses, 37% of them completed the schedule without any delay, 14% delayed one or more doses, and the rest 49% did not complete the schedule.
Conclusion: Adherence to PEP is a dire necessity as rabies is a fatal disease. Counseling the animal bite victims about the importance of adhering to the complete PEP schedule at the time of administering the first dose of vaccine is crucial.
Dentigerous Cyst Associated with Unusual Supernumerary Teeth: A Case Report
Authors: Amita Sharma  , Varun Pratap Singh  , Sonam Sharma
Published: January 2025

Dentigerous cyst is a developmental odontogenic cyst associated with unerupted teeth, odontomes or supernumerary teeth. About 95% of dentigerous cysts involve the permanent dentition and only 5% are associated with supernumerary teeth. Supernumerary teeth should be examined very carefully to prevent possible effects on adjacent regular teeth and possible cystic development . Dentigerous cysts are usually slow-growing lesions and may attain a considerable size with minimal or no symptoms. Ameloblastoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma have also been reported to arise from the lining epithelium of dentigerous cysts, indicating the pluripotentiality of their cells. Early detection and removal of such cysts is therefore important to reduce potential morbidity. A rare case of a twelve year old boy with two supernumerary teeth, of which one was associated with dentigerous cyst is described here along with the treatment strategy employed for the patient.
Key Words: Dentigerous cyst; Supernumerary tooth; Mesiodens; Molariform; Tuberculate; Conical
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i2.4247
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 124-127
Fahr’s Disease: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Om Prakash Sharma  , Senthil Shanmugam
Published: January 2025

Two cases of Fahr’s disease (one female and one male) are reported here. One is young and symptomatic with neuropsychiatric disturbances. The second case is old and asymptomatic, detected incidentally on CT scan when he presented with cerebrovascular accident. Both of them had intracranial calcifications in bilateral basal ganglia and cerebral hemispheres. CT scan helped in establishing the diagnosis.
Key Words: Fahr’s disease; Fahr’s syndrome; Bilateral striopallido dentate calcifications
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i2.3207
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 120-123
Variations of the Branches of the Coeliac Trunk: a Case Report
Authors: Ashalatha Kasukurthy
Published: January 2025

The hepatic, splenic and left gastric arteries are considered as the “main classic branches” of the coeliac trunk. We reported two cases of coeliac trunk. Left inferior phrenic artery arose directly from coeliac trunk and accessory hepatic artery arose from common hepatic artery. In our opinion; arterial variations should not be ignored during abdominal operative procedures. Complications in abdominal surgeries could be avoided with the accurate knowledge of the anatomical variations of coeliac trunk.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i3.4248
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 148-150
Uterine Perforation with Omental Prolapse in a Case of Unsafe Abortion
Authors: Parinitha S Sangam  , Nirmala M Jayakumar  , Laxmi V Yaliwal
Published: January 2025

We report a rare case of prolapsed omentum presenting as mass per vagina in a 24 year old unmarried female following dilatation and curettage for termination of pregnancy by unqualified physician. Patient presented to Obstetrics and gynaecology (OBG) outpatient with bleeding per vagina since 15 days. Per speculum examination showed a greyish yellow mass protruding through cervical os into the vagina. Ultrasonography showed defect in the fundus of uterus. Past history revealed, she had undergone medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) outside at 5th month of gestation by nonallopathic doctor. Emergency laparotomy was done. Histopathologic examination of mass showed omental fat arranged in lobules with mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate. Uterine perforation is a well known complication of induced abortion. Although most uterine perforations at the time of curettage during abortion go unrecognized, serious complications do occur.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i3.4264
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 145-147
Ring Chromosome 20 Associated with Refractory Epilepsy: A Case Report
Authors: A Radha Rama Devi  , Usha R Dutta
Published: January 2025

Ring chromosome 20 is a rare chromosomal abnormality characterized mainly by refractory epileptic seizures, cognitive and behavioral problems, and absence of definite dysmorphic features. We report a 5-year-old boy with refractory epilepsy and minimal dysmorphic features who first presented with mild developmental delay at 11 months of age. The karyotype of the child was 46,XY,r(20)(p13q13.3). Till date there are 69 cases of ring chromosome 20 reported in the literature, including mosaics and supernumerary ring chromosomes. To our knowledge, this is the first case of ring chromosome 20 with refractory epilepsy reported from the south Indian population.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i3.5607
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 141-144
Assessing Renal Function Using Cockcroft-Gault and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Equations in Healthy South Indian Males – A pilot study
Authors: Rajeshwari Shastry  , Prabha MR Adhikari  , Sheetal D Ullal  , Ashok K Shenoy
Published: January 2025

Objective: To compare the estimated GFR (eGFR) calculated by CG and MDRD formulae and to study the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and eGFR in healthy South Indian men.
Material & Methods: Healthy male volunteers were enrolled. eGFR was estimated by CG and MDRD equation and categorized as normal, mild, moderate, severe renal impairment and renal failure. Estimated clearance by these two methods was compared using paired student’s t test. Correlations were performed with pearson’s correlation test.
Results: A total of 491 subjects were enrolled. Mean (±SD) eGFR was 91.05 (± 15.04) and 86.43 (± 13.61) by CG and MDRD equations respectively; this difference though statistically significant (p=0.01), was clinically insignificant. A reduced renal function (<90ml/min) was found in 50.9% and 63.1% of population by CG and MDRD formulae respectively. BMI positively correlated with CG-GFR (r=0.471, p<0.001), and negatively correlated with MDRD-GFR (r=-0.268, p<0.001). Serum creatinine positively correlated with BMI (r=0.19, p<0.001).
Conclusion: The normal eGFR seems to be lower in the South Indian population compared to the western standards. CG and MDRD formulae may need to be validated before these can be applied for staging of kidney function in a healthy Indian population.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i3.5337
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 185-189
Normal Blood Pressure and Different Factors Affecting it among Healthy School-Children
Authors: Arun Kumar De  , Sukanta Chatterjee
Published: January 2025

Objective: To find out the normal range of blood  pressure  among school-children (aged 5-15 years)  and the relationship of blood pressure with variables such as age and weight.
Material & Methods: This is a school-based prospective cross-sectional study.  Healthy school-children aged 5-15 years from primary and secondary schools in Kolkata were selected for the study. The individuals with any acute or chronic illnesses or the intersexes were excluded. Their age, weight, blood pressure and socioeconomic status were determined.
Results: Blood pressure (both systolic and diastolic) showed almost upward linear relationship with age and weight in both boys and girls in the age group of 5-15 years. At 15 years, girls achieved higher blood pressure than boys did. The present study also showed that girls recorded higher blood pressure than boys in the weight range of 41-45 kg (For all “r” values, p <0.05).
Conclusion: Blood pressure in children rises with age as well as with weight. Girls achieve higher blood pressure than boys do at the age of 15 years.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i3.5241
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 175-180
Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Plasma Fibrinogen and Platelet Count
Authors: Rashmi Narayanrao Gitte
Published: January 2025

Objective: Cigarette smoking is one of the major lifestyle factors influencing the health of human beings. Fibrinogen is the major plasma protein coagulation factor. Higher plasma fibrinogen concentrations are associated with cardiovascular diseases.
Material & Methods: One hundred twenty healthy male smokers and one hundred twenty healthy male non-smokers among hospital employees and people from surrounding areas of Narayana Medical College, Nellore (India) were studied. The platelet count was done using Beckman Coulter Automatic Analyzer; AcT 5diffCP.Assay for plasma fibrinogen was performed using turbido-metric immunoassay.
Results: The mean plasma fibrinogen concentration for smokers is 3.78 gms/L and for non-smokers 3.02 gms/L. The mean platelet count for smokers is 257325 per mm3 and for non-smokers 215483.3 per mm3. The difference between mean plasma fibrinogen and platelet count of smokers and non-smokers was statistically significant (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: Thus we concluded that in smokers plasma fibrinogen concentration and platelet count increase significantly. Regular monitoring of these two parameters in smokers is advised
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i3.4261
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 181-184
Citrullinemia and Hyperglycinemia Presenting with Seizures - Case Report of a 4 Day Old Baby
Authors: Moushumi Lodh  , Joshi Anand Kerketta
Published: January 2025

Inborn errors of amino acid metabolism (IEM) are of concern in India, the spectrum being wide, varied and poorly diagnosed. Since aggregate incidence of inborn errors of metabolism is relatively high, in countries such as India, a high degree of suspicion is essential to correctly diagnose an inborn error of amino acid metabolism. We report a case of citrullinemia, glycinemia with hyperammonaemia and seizures in a 4-dayold previously asymptomatic baby, with a brief review of the literature.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i1.4801
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 3(2012) 17-20
Dyke Davidoff Masson Syndrome with Abdominal Epilepsy-Rare Presentation
Authors: Shitanshu Srivastava  , Rajat Pratap Singh  , KL Srivastava
Published: January 2025

Dyke Davidoff Masson Syndrome (DDMS) with abdominal epilepsy, is a rare clinical condition. It is characterized by severe abdominal pain with seizures, facial asymmetry, contralateral hemiparesis, and mental retardation. Diagnosis is made clinically coupled with radiological features which include cerebral hemiatrophy with homolateral hypertrophy of the skull and sinuses along with abnormal EEG and response to antiepileptic drugs. Here we report a case of DDMS with abdominal epilepsy in a 10 year old male child who presented with recurrent episodes of severe abdominal pain followed by seizures, hemiparesis and mental retardation. CT and MRI showed hemiatrophy of right cerebral hemisphere.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i2.6172
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 3(2012) 25-28
Giant Pelvic Cocoon with Intra Prostatic Extension (Intravesical Tortoise!!!!!!!)
Authors: Prasad Mylarappa  , Pathade Amey  , Prathvi Shetty  , Puvvada Sandeep  , Kailash B Banale  , D Ramesh
Published: January 2025

Giant vesical calculus is a rare clinical entity in the recent urological practice. Males are affected more than the females. We report a case of 55years old male patient non diabetic or hypertensive who presented with urinary symptoms. His biochemical parameters were within normal limits. Urine analysis and culture sensitivity showed infection. His ultrasonography revealed a giant vesical calculus with intra prostatic extension and bilateral hydroureteronephrosis and small prostate. After controlling the urinary infection with course of antibiotics, he underwent an open cystolithotomy and post-operative recovery was uneventful.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i4.7160
Asian Journal of Medical Science Vol.3(4) 2012 pp.47-49
Perceptions and Opinions towards Cell Phone Use as a Risk Factor of Brain Cancer among University Students in Malaysia
Authors: Al-Naggar Redhwan Ahmed , Yuri V Bobryshev
Published: January 2025

The worldwide use of cell phones has rapidly increased over the past decades. With the increasing use of mobile phones, concern has been raised about the possible carcinogenic effects as a result of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. The objective of this study was to explore the perceptions and opinions towards brain cancer related to cell phone use among university students in Malaysia. The study revealed that the majority of the study participants believe that there is no relationship between brain cancer and hand phone use.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i1.7808
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 1-4
Atypical Presentation of Typhoid Fever
Authors: Deepak Madi  , Achappa Basavaprabhu , John T Ramapuram  , Nithyananda Chowta  , Mridula Laxman  , Soundarya Mahalingam
Published: January 2025

The classical presentation of typhoid has changed over the years. Atypical presentation of typhoid is now seen in clinical practice. Entericfever can present with atypical manifestations like abdominal lymphadenopathy, acute acalculous cholecystitis, osteomyelitis, splenic abscess and Pneumonia. Jaundice splenic abscess and thrombocytopenia in a febrile patient in the tropics is commonly due to Malaria, Leptospirosis and Dengue. We report a case of typhoid fever presenting with jaundice and thrombocytopenia. A 17 year old male presented to us with history of fever and jaundice. Investigations revealed thrombocytopenia and conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Blood culture grew Salmonella Typhi. He was treated with ceftriaxone and he improved. A diagnosis of typhoid fever must be considered in a febrile patient with jaundice and thrombocytopenia in the tropics.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.8584  
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 140-142
A Case of Hydatid Cyst of Thyroid Gland
Authors: Arpan Kumar Dey  , Pijush Kanti Mandal  , Agnibha Dutta  , Subhraprakash Pramanik  , Saurabh Maji  , Nabonita Chakraborti  , Somnath Dasgupta
Published: January 2025

Hydatid cyst may be found in almost any part of the body, but most often in the liver and the lungs. Other organs affected occasionally include the brain, muscle, kidney, heart, pancreas, adrenal, and thyroid gland. Hydatidosis located in the thyroid is an infrequent finding, even in endemic regions. This report documents a rare case with a cystic nodule in the thyroid detected by ultrasonography. The patient was a 30-year-old woman with an euthyroid multinodular goitre. Ultrasonography revealed a cystic nodule, and the ultrasonic appearance of the cyst liquid showed multiple echoes, suggesting that the nodule could be a hydatid cyst. The histopathologic examinations confirmed this to be a primary hydatid cyst of thyroid. During the differential diagnosis of the cystic thyroid lesions, hydatid disease of the thyroid gland should be considered in endemic areas. Chemotherapy is necessary to avoid recurrence.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.8830
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 143-145
A Variant Course of Lateral Root of Median Nerve: Embryological Basis
Authors: Mumal Nagwani  , Archana Rani  , Anita Rani  , Jyoti Chopra  , Ajai Kumar Srivastava  , Pradeep Kumar Sharma
Published: January 2025

During routine dissection of the right arm of 50 year old male cadaver, we observed that the lateral root of median nerve was piercing the coracobrachialis muscle before joining the medial root of median to form the median nerve. The lateral root of median nerve did not give any branch within the muscle and no communication was observed between musculocutaneous nerve and lateral root of median nerve within the coracobrachialis muscle or in the later course of these two nerves. The same muscle was being pierced by musculocutaneous nerve which was giving branches to the muscle. These variations are important for the anesthetists, surgeons, neurologists during surgery and anatomists during dissection in the region of axilla.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.8195
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 146-150
Nephroprotective Effects of Carvedilol and Curcuma longa against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats
Authors: NN Pathak  , SR Rajurkar  , S Tarekh  , VV Badgire
Published: January 2025

Objective: Goal of this study is to investigate the effects of carvedilol (5 mg/kg, p.o), aqueous and methanolic extract of Curcuma longa (500mg/kg, p.o) against cisplatin induced renal damage in Wistar rats after a single intraperitoneal injection of 7.5mg- 1.
Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups (n=10). Rats in group I were normal control received normal saline (5 ml/kg; i. p.) on day zero, while group VIa and VIb were vehicle control, received carboxymethyl cellulose (2.5 ml/kg; p.o.) and propylene glycole (2.5 ml/kg, p.o.) respectively from day 3 to 17. Renal toxicity was induced in rats of group II, III, IV and V by a single administration of cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg; i. p.) on day zero. Rats in group III, IV and V received a daily dose of carvedilol (5 mg/kg; p.o.), aqueous and methanolic extracts of Curcuma longa (500 mg/kg; p.o.) respectively from day 3 to 17, while group II served as cisplatin control.
Results: Post treated rats with carvedilol and aqueous and methanolic extracts of Curcuma longa for 15 days significantly increased body weight, decreased cisplatin induced abnormalities and mortality and decreased all the kidney marker such as serum urea nitrogen (SUN), serum creatinine (SCr), total proteins (TP), and uric acid (UA) increased by cisplatin, however, no appreciable improvement in hematological parameters were observed when compared with cisplatin control.
Conclusion: The results are indicative of nephroprotective effects of carvedilol as well as aqueous and methanolic extracts of Curcuma longa.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.5483  
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 91-98
Distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups in a major ethnic group of the West Iran, the Kurdish population
Authors: Zahra Ghobadian  , Kouresh Sayemiri  , Majid Zeinali  , Seyed Mahdi Sajjadi
Published: January 2025

Introduction: ABO and Rh are the most important blood group systems with various distributions reported for different populations. There are no reports referring to the distribution of the ABO/Rh blood groups in Iranian Kurdish population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of these blood groups among this major Iranian ethnic group from Ilam city.
Materials and Methods: 1,534 blood donors attending the blood transfusion service in Ilam, Iran, were randomly selected over a period of six months. The ABO/Rh blood groups were determined by the forward and reverse grouping.
Results: The most frequent blood group in men and women was A and O; respectively, followed by B and AB. In the Rh system, 91.1% of the donors were positive and 8.9% were negative.
Conclusion: This study provided new insight into distribution of the ABO/Rh blood groups in a major ethnic population of west Iran. Moreover, the presented data may also be useful in health care planning, population genetic studies, genetic counseling and medical diagnosis.
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 26-29
http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9151
A study of short term heart rate variability in dipping tobacco users
Authors: M.I.Glad Mohesh  , K Ratchagan  , A Sundaramurthy
Published: January 2025

Background: WHO (2010) reported the rise in the number of smokeless tobacco users in India. Dipping tobacco is a form of smokeless tobacco being used in these region in various trade names. Nicotine in smoking tobacco is found to alter the cardiovascular autonomic functions. As the expected cardiovascular mortality due to tobacco use across the globe is very high, here we studied the effect of dipping tobacco on cardiovascular autonomic function using the short term heart rate variability (HRV) analysis.
Methods: Five minutes Lead II ECG at rest is aquired from male dipping tobacco moderate users (n=30) and age matched controls (n=30). Frequency and time domain parameters were derived and analysed using the Kubios HRV analysis software. Blood pressure changes were also compared. Unpaired ‘t’ test was done using SPSS 17.0 and statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Results: Significant changes in certain parameters indicated that there is a developing set back in the sympathetic control over the heart (LF, 383.8+115.8, 952.8+131.1, p<0.01) and also an established increase in diastolic blood pressure (73.1+2.8, 65.48+1.5, p<0.01).
Conclusion: Dipping tobacco a form of smokeless tobacco is equally harmful like any smoked tobacco in altering the cardiovascular autonomic function. Thereby the increase in smokeless tobacco users in India or any country is going to add up more to the mortality rate due to tobacco related diseases in near future as estimated by WHO. An immediate measure to stop the production, sale and use of these smokeless tobacco products could curb this menace.
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 91-94
http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9588
Candida albicans isolated from post-operative penetrating keratoplasty patient: Case report
Authors: Abhishek Chandra  , Munesh Kumar Gupta  , Ragini Tilak
Published: January 2025

We report a case report of Candida albicans suture infiltrate on 3rd post-op day in a 53 year female operated for penetrating keratoplasty. Candida albicans was identified by KOH mount, Gram Staining, germ tube, growth at 450C, chlamydospore formation and light green color on CHROMagar with sugar assimilation and culture characteristics. Despite being susceptible to Fluconazole by broth microdilution, patient did not respond to 0.3% fluconazole eye drops. On antifungal susceptibility testing by CLSI44A, it was susceptible to only Amphotericin B (100units). Patient was then started on 0.15% fortified amphotericin B eye drops resulting in complete resolution of infiltrates.
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 116-119
http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.8669
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, an analysis of histological subtypes and their association with EBV, a study of 100 cases of Pakistani population
Authors: Beena Umar  , Rashida Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the most common nasopharyngeal malignancy. In recent decades, it has attracted world-wide attention because of complex interactions of genetic, viral, environmental and dietary risk factors, with an etiological association with the malignancy. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare cancer throughout the world, with the exception of Southeast Asia, Southern China and North Africa. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was discovered 38 years ago by electron microscopy of cells cultured from Burkitt’s lymphoma tissue by Epstein, Achong, and Barr. EBV infection is a common infection in Pakistan due to poor socioeconomic conditions but its association with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma is yet to be firmly established in Pakistani population and there is scarce local data available.
Methods: A total of 100 consecutive cases of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, over a period of three years (2009-2011) were retrieved and reviewed from the pathology files at the Section of Histopathology, Aga khan University Hospital. Morphological sub classification of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma was done according to WHO. For the detection of EBV, LMP1 immunostain was used.
Results: Among total of 100 cases, the male to female ratio was 3:1, with an age range of 13-78 yrs and an average age of 42 yrs. Similar to other regions of world, Non-keratinizing Carcinoma (92%) is the commonest sub-type with a distinct bimodal age distribution, followed by Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma (8%) but there were no cases of Basaloid Squamous Cell Cacinoma. EBV-LMP 1 staining was demonstrated in 75/92 cases (81%), while all cases of Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma were negative for EBV-LMP 1 staining.
Conclusion: Prognostic impact of LMP-1 on Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is still unclear and also there are controversial studies regarding the prognostic effect of EBV on chemotherapy and radiotherapy, it is paramount that EBV positive and EBV negative patients be investigated for response to therapy to establish the importance of EBV association in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. The association with EBV is also very important because with ongoing research in the etiological basis of the tumors (associated with EBV) patients may also benefit from emerging immunotherapy used in these tumors.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9592
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 16-20
Formation of a methodology for determining valid tax liabilities in case of unjustified application of tax benefits and reduced tax rates
Authors: Kosenkova YUliia
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the issue of calculating valid tax liabilities in the process of tax control in the Russian Federation. The relevance of the topic is due to the lack of a unified methodology for calculating valid tax liabilities (VTL), which leads to a significant number of tax disputes, inconsistency between the position of official financial authorities and judicial practice, violation of the rights and economic interests of taxpayers, lack of uniformity in the approaches of tax and law enforcement agencies in the process of determining the amount of valid tax liabilities within the framework of tax control, and law enforcement activities. The object of the study is the social and economic relations that develop between taxpayers and tax authorities in the process of tax control. The subject of the study is the process of determining the amount of valid tax liabilities when identifying tax offenses. The research used general scientific methods of cognition – analysis, synthesis, induction, description, principles of formal logic, as well as private scientific methods - graphical, method of analyzing specific legal situations. The study was based on the analysis of scientific publications on relevant topics, as well as on the analysis of judicial practice in tax disputes. Within the framework of the article, recommendations are given on the formation of a unified methodology for calculating the VTL on the example of one of the directions for obtaining unjustified tax benefits – the illegal use of tax incentives and reduced tax rates. Within the framework of the study, the application of the actual calculation method for this type of tax offenses is justified; the risk markers of the scheme are identified and options for measures implemented by the tax authority to establish valid tax obligations are proposed; the accounting procedure for corporate income tax expenses and value added tax amounts, taking into account tax deductions, is determined. The novelty lies in the formation of a methodology for calculating the VTL in relation to the unjustified application of tax benefits and reduced rates, which can and should be an integral part of a single methodology that takes into account the main directions of obtaining unjustified tax benefits. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using such a methodology by both taxpayers and tax authorities based on the results of tax control measures, which will reduce the volume of contradictions, protect both the interests of the budget and the economic interests of taxpayers at the same time.
On the expediency of creating public councils at the tax inspections of the grassroots level
Authors: Potapenko Sergei Viktorovich , Savchenko Marina  Stanislavovna , Cheshin Andrei Vladimirovich , Goncharov Vitalii Viktorovich
Published: January 2025

This article is devoted to the analysis of the need and possibility of creating public councils at the tax inspections of the Federal Tax Service of Russia (hereinafter also referred to as the Federal Tax Service of Russia) at the grassroots level (in particular, for district, urban, inter–district inspections). The current legislation on public control, in particular, Federal Law No. 212-FZ dated July 21, 2014 "On the Basics of Public Control in the Russian Federation" provided for the possibility of creating public councils under federal executive authorities. Today, such councils exist under the Federal Tax Service of Russia and its territorial divisions in the Russian regions. The authors substantiate the insufficiency of this category of subjects of public control under the Federal Tax Service of Russia and territorial divisions at the regional level, since a significant part of on-site and desk inspections of taxpayers in the country are carried out by low-level inspections. The article uses a number of scientific research methods, in particular: formal-logical; historical-legal; comparative-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analyzing specific legal situations. The paper formalizes and analyzes the main problems that complicate the processes of formation and creation of public councils under the inspections of the Federal Tax Service of Russia at the grassroots level, among which are: the absence in the legislation on public control of a direct indication of the possibility of creating public councils under the territorial divisions of federal executive authorities; the controversial nature of the mechanism for the formation of public councils under the Federal Tax Service of Russia and its territorial divisions; lack of consolidation in tax legislation and local acts of the Federal Tax Service of the need and possibility of creating such public councils at the inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service of Russia at the grassroots level; lack of elaboration in the scientific legal doctrine of specific forms, methods and types of public control measures for these subjects; their weak powers; weak use of modern digital technologies; the dependence of these entities on the Federal Tax Service of Russia in terms of material, technical, property, and organizational base. The article develops a system of measures to resolve these problems.
International legal regulation of medical care using telemedicine technologies
Authors: Grigorev Ivan Vladimirovich
Published: January 2025

The implementation of the priority project "Improving the processes of organizing medical care based on the introduction of information technologies" for 2016-2025 revealed the need for a scientific analysis of the features of international legal regulation of medical care using telemedicine technologies. The subject of the study is normative and methodological sources defining the rights and obligations in the field of medical care with the use of telemedicine technologies, as well as mechanisms for their implementation. The author presents a classification of international sources on the provision of medical care using telemedicine technologies, depending on their legal force and the subject-territorial scope of international sources. The international acts concluded within the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States are analyzed in detail. Special attention is paid to the sources adopted by the International Labour Organization and the World Health Organization. The methodological basis of the research consists of general scientific methods of system analysis and generalization of normative, scientific and practical materials; private scientific methods – comparative jurisprudence, logical, technical and legal and others. The scientific novelty of the article is determined by the fact that it is a comprehensive study of the features of international legal regulation of medical care using telemedicine technologies. The main conclusions of the conducted research are the unresolved nature of many legal issues in the regulation of relations for the provision of medical care using telemedicine technologies. In particular, the prescriptions of the CIS Model Law of 2010 "On Telemedicine Services" have not been consolidated in the norms of national legislation, the issues of telemedicine of the bilateral Agreement dated January 24, 2006 "On the procedure for providing medical care to citizens of the Russian Federation in healthcare institutions of the Republic of Belarus and citizens of the Republic of Belarus in healthcare institutions of the Russian Federation" and others have not been finally resolved. Among the most significant results is the conclusion about giving normative meanings to documents of the World Health Organization that do not have signs of normativity (research results, reports, strategies).