bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential for the measurement of mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) wind, temperature, density and geomagnetic field with Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder 2 (SMILES-2)
Authors: Baron Philippe , Ochiai Satoshi , Dupuy Eric , Larsson Richard , Liu Huixin , Manago Naohiro , Murtagh Donal , Oyama Shin-ichiro , Sagawa Hideo , Saito Akinori , Sakazaki Takatoshi , Shiotani Masato , Suzuki Makoto
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder 2 (SMILES-2) is a satellite mission proposed in Japan
to probe the middle and upper atmosphere (20–160 km). The main instrument is composed of 4 K cooled radiometers operating near 0.7 and 2 THz.
It could measure the diurnal changes of the horizontal wind above 30 km, temperature
above 20 km, ground-state atomic oxygen above 90 km and atmospheric density near the mesopause, as well as abundance of about 15 chemical species.
In this study we have conducted simulations to assess the wind, temperature and density retrieval performance in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (60–110 km) using the radiometer at
760 GHz. It contains lines of
water vapor (H2O), molecular oxygen (O2) and nitric oxide (NO) that are the strongest signals measured with SMILES-2 at these altitudes. The Zeeman effect on the O2 line due to the geomagnetic field (B) is considered; otherwise, the retrieval errors would be underestimated by a factor of 2 above 90 km. The optimal configuration for the radiometer’s polarization is found to be vertical linear. Considering a retrieval vertical resolution of 2.5 km, the line-of-sight wind is retrieved with a precision of
2–5 m s−1 up to 90 km and 30 m s−1 at 110 km.
Temperature and atmospheric density are
retrieved with a precision better than 5 K
and 7 % up to 90 km (30 K and 20 % at 110 km).
Errors induced by uncertainties on the vector B are mitigated by retrieving it. The retrieval of B is described as a side-product of the mission. At high latitudes, precisions of 30–100 nT on the vertical component and 100–300 nT on the horizontal one could be obtained at 85 and 105 km (vertical resolution of 20 km).
SMILES-2 could therefore provide the first measurements of B close to the electrojets' altitude, and the precision is enough to
measure variations induced by solar storms in the auroral regions.
Photoacoustic measurement with infrared band-pass filters significantly overestimates NH3 emissions from cattle houses due to volatile organic compound (VOC) interferences
Authors: Liu Dezhao , Rong Li , Kamp Jesper , Kong Xianwang , Adamsen Anders Peter S. , Chowdhury Albarune , Feilberg Anders
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Infrared (IR) photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) using band-pass
filters is a widely used method for measurement of NH3 and
greenhouse gas emissions (CH4, N2O and CO2) especially in
agriculture, but non-targeted gases such as volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) from cattle barns may interfere with target gases, causing inaccurate
results. This study made an estimation of NH3 interference in PAS
caused by selected non-targeted VOCs which were simultaneously measured by a
PAS and a PTR-MS (proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry). Laboratory
calibrations were performed for NH3 measurement, and VOCs were selected
based on a headspace test of the feeding material (maize silage). Strong
interferences of VOCs were observed on NH3 and greenhouse emissions
measured by PAS. Particularly, ethanol, methanol, 1-butanol, 1-propanol and
acetic acid were found to have the highest interferences on NH3, giving
empirical relationships in the range of 0.7 to 3.3 ppmv NH3 per ppmv VOC. A linear response was typically obtained, except for a nonlinear
relation for VOCs on N2O concentration. The corrected online NH3
concentrations measured by PAS in a dairy farm (with empirical relationships
2.1±0.8 and 2.9±1.9 for Location 1 and Location 2,
respectively) were confirmed to be correlated (R2=0.73 and 0.79) to
the NH3 concentration measured simultaneously by the PTR-MS when the
empirical corrections obtained from single VOC tests were applied.
A new method for operating a continuous flow diffusion chamber to investigate immersion freezing: assessment and performance study
Authors: Kulkarni Gourihar , Hiranuma Naruki , Möhler Ottmar , Höhler Kristina , China Swarup , Cziczo Daniel J. , DeMott Paul J.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Glaciation in mixed-phase clouds predominately occurs through the immersion freezing mode where ice nucleating particles (INPs) immersed within supercooled droplets induce nucleation of ice. Currently, model representations of this process are a large source of uncertainty in simulating cloud radiative properties, and to constrain these estimates, continuous flow diffusion chamber (CFDC)-style INP devices are commonly used to assess the immersion freezing efficiencies of INPs. In this study, a new approach was explored to operating such an ice chamber that provides maximum activation of particles without droplet breakthrough and correction factor ambiguity to obtain high-quality INP measurements in a manner that has not been demonstrated as possible previously. The conditioning section of the chamber was maintained at ~ −20 °C and water relative humidity (RHw) ~ 113 % conditions to maximize the droplet activation, and the droplets were supercooled with an independently temperature-controlled nucleation section at a steady cooling rate (0.5 °C min−1) to induce the freezing of droplets and evaporation of unfrozen droplets. The performance of the modified ice chamber was evaluated using four INP species: K-feldspar, illite-NX, Argentinian soil dust, and airborne arable dust that had shown ice nucleation over a wide span of supercooled temperatures. Dry dispersed and size-selected K-feldspar particles were generated in the laboratory. Illite-NX and soil dust particles were sampled during the second phase of the Fifth International Ice Nucleation Workshop (FIN-02) campaign, and airborne arable dust particles were sampled from the aerosol inlet located on the rooftop of the laboratory. The measured ice nucleation efficiencies of model aerosols with a surface active site density (ns) metric were higher, but mostly agreed within one order of magnitude compared to literature results.
Assessment of particle size magnifier inversion methods to obtain particle size distribution from atmospheric measurements
Authors: Chan Tommy , Cai Runlong , Ahonen Lauri R. , Liu Yiliang , Zhou Ying , Vanhanen Joonas , Dada Lubna , Chao Yan , Liu Yongchun , Wang Lin , Kulmala Markku , Kangasluoma Juha
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Determining the particle size distribution of atmospheric aerosol particles is an important component to understand nucleation, formation and growth. This is particularly crucial at the sub 3 nm range because of the growth of newly-formed nanoparticles. The challenge in recovering the size distribution is due its complexity and the fact that not many instruments currently measure at this size range. In this study, we used the particle size magnifier (PSM) to measure atmospheric aerosols. Each event was classified into one of the three types: new particle formation (NPF), non-event and haze events. We then compared four inversion methods (step-wise, kernel, Hagen and Alofs and expectation-maximization) to determine its feasibility to recover the particle size distribution. In addition, we proposed a method to pre-treat measured data and introduced a simple test to estimate the efficacy of the inversion itself. Results showed that all four methods inverted NPF events well; but the step-wise and kernel methods fared poorly when inverting non-event and haze events. This was due to their algorithm, such that when encountering noisy data (e.g. air mass fluctuations) and under the influence of larger particles, these methods overestimated the size distribution and reported artificial particles during inversion. Therefore, using a statistical hypothesis test to discard noisy scans prior to inversion is an important first step to achieve a good size distribution. As a first step after inversion, it is ideal to compare the integrated concentration to the raw estimate (i.e., the concentration difference at the lowest supersaturation and the highest supersaturation) to ascertain whether the inversion itself is sound. Finally, based on the analysis of the inversion methods, we provide recommendations and codes related to the PSM data inversion.
Lower Thermosphere response to solar activity: an EMD analysis of GOCE 2009–2012 data
Authors: Bigazzi Alberto , Cauli Carlo , Berrilli Francesco
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Forecasting the Thermosphere (Atmosphere's uppermost layer, from about 90 to 800 km altitude) is crucial to many space-related applications, from space mission design, to re-entry operations, to space surveillance. Thermospheric dynamics is directly linked to the solar dynamics through the solar UV input, which is highly variable, and through the solar wind and plasma fluxes, impacting Earth's magnetosphere. The solar input is non-periodic and non-stationary, with long-term modulations from the solar rotation and the solar cycle, and impulsive components, due to magnetic storms. Proxies of the solar input exist and may be used to forecast the thermosphere, such as the F10.7 radio flux and the MgII EUV flux. They relate to physical processes on the Solar atmosphere. Other indices, such as the Ap geomagnetic index, connect with Earth's geomagnetic environment. We analyse the proxies' time series comparing them with in-situ density data from the ESA/GOCE gravity mission, operational from March 2009 to November 2013, therefore covering the full rising phase of solar cycle XXIV, exposing the entire dynamic range of the solar input. We use Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), an analysis technique appropriate to non-periodic, multi-scale signals. Data are taken at an altitude of 260 km, exceptionally low for a LEO satellite, where density variations are the single most important perturbation to satellite dynamics. We show that the synthesized signal from optimally selected combinations of proxies's basis functions, notably Mg II for the solar flux and Ap for the plasma component, shows a very good agreement with thermospheric data obtained by GOCE, during low and medium solar activity periods. In periods of maximum solar activity, density enhancements are also well represented. The Mg II index proves to be, in general, a better proxy than the F10.7 one, to model the solar flux, because of its specific response to the UV spectrum, whose variations have the largest impact over thermospheric density.
Current, steady-state and historical weathering rates of base cations at two forest sites in northern and southern Sweden: a comparison of three methods
Authors: Casetou-Gustafson Sophie , Grip Harald , Hillier Stephen , Linder Sune , Olsson Bengt A. , Simonsson Magnus , Stendahl Johan
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Reliable and accurate methods for estimating soil mineral weathering rates
are required tools in evaluating the sustainability of increased harvesting
of forest biomass and assessments of critical loads of acidity. A variety of
methods that differ in concept, temporal and spatial scale, and data
requirements are available for measuring weathering rates. In this study,
causes of discrepancies in weathering rates between methods were analysed
and were classified as being either conceptual (inevitable) or random. The
release rates of base cations (BCs; Ca, Mg, K, Na) by weathering were
estimated in podzolised glacial tills at two experimental forest sites, Asa
and Flakaliden, in southern and northern Sweden, respectively. Three
different methods were used: (i) historical weathering since deglaciation
estimated by the depletion method, using Zr as the assumed inert reference; (ii) steady-state weathering rate estimated with the PROFILE model, based on
quantitative analysis of soil mineralogy; and (iii) BC budget at stand
scale, using measured deposition, leaching and changes in base cation stocks
in biomass and soil over a period of 12 years. In the 0–50 cm soil horizon
historical weathering of BCs was 10.6 and 34.1 mmolc m−2 yr−1, at Asa and Flakaliden, respectively. Corresponding values of
PROFILE weathering rates were 37.1 and 42.7 mmolc m−2 yr−1.
The PROFILE results indicated that steady-state weathering rate
increased with soil depth as a function of exposed mineral surface area,
reaching a maximum rate at 80 cm (Asa) and 60 cm (Flakaliden). In contrast,
the depletion method indicated that the largest postglacial losses were in
upper soil horizons, particularly at Flakaliden. With the exception of Mg and Ca in shallow soil horizons, PROFILE produced
higher weathering rates than the depletion method, particularly of K and Na
in deeper soil horizons. The lower weathering rates of the depletion method
were partly explained by natural and anthropogenic variability in Zr
gradients. The base cation budget approach produced significantly higher
weathering rates of BCs, 134.6 mmolc m−2 yr−1 at Asa and
73.2 mmolc m−2 yr−1 at Flakaliden, due to high rates
estimated for the nutrient elements Ca, Mg and K, whereas weathering rates
were lower and similar to those for the depletion method (6.6 and 2.2 mmolc m−2 yr−1 at Asa and Flakaliden). The large discrepancy in
weathering rates for Ca, Mg and K between the base cation budget approach
and the other methods suggests additional sources for tree uptake in the soil
not captured by measurements.
Greenland temperature and precipitation over the last 20,000 years using data assimilation
Authors: Badgeley Jessica A. , Steig Eric J. , Hakim Gregory J. , Fudge Tyler J.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Reconstructions of past temperature and precipitation are fundamental to modeling the Greenland Ice Sheet and assessing its sensitivity to climate. Paleoclimate information is sourced from proxy records and climate-model simulations; however, the former are spatially incomplete while the latter are sensitive to model dynamics and boundary conditions. Efforts to combine these sources of information to reconstruct spatial patterns of Greenland climate over glacial-interglacial cycles have been limited by assumptions of fixed spatial patterns and a restricted use of proxy data. We avoid these limitations by using paleoclimate data assimilation to create independent reconstructions of temperature and precipitation for the last 20,000 years. Our method uses information from long ice-core records and extends it to all locations across Greenland using spatial relationships derived from a transient climate-model simulation. Our reconstructions evaluate well against independent ice-core records. In addition, we find that the relationship between precipitation and temperature is frequency dependent and spatially variable, suggesting that thermodynamic scaling methods commonly used in ice-sheet modeling are overly simplistic. Our results demonstrate that paleoclimate data assimilation is a useful tool for reconstructing the spatial and temporal patterns of past climate on timescales relevant to ice sheets.
Seasonal deposition processes and chronology of a varved Holocene lake sediment record from Lake Chatyr Kol (Kyrgyz Republic)
Authors: Kalanke Julia , Mingram Jens , Lauterbach Stefan , Usubaliev Ryskul , Brauer Achim
Published: January 2020

Abstract. A finely laminated lake sediment record with a basal age of 11,619 ± 603 years BP was retrieved from Lake Chatyr Kol (Kyrgyz Republic). Microfacies analysis reveals the presence of seasonal laminae (varves) from the sediment basis to ~ 360 ± 40 years BP. The Chatvd19 floating varve chronology covers the time span from 360 ± 40 years BP to the base and relies on replicate varve counts on overlapping petrographic thin sections with an uncertainty of ± 5 %. The uppermost non-varved interval was chronologically constrained by 210Pb and 137Cs γ-spectrometry and interpolation based on varve thickness measurements of adjacent varved intervals with an assumed uncertainty of 10 %. Six varve types were distinguished, are described in detail and show a changing predominance of clastic-organic, clastic-calcitic or -aragonitic, calcitic-clastic, organic-clastic and clastic-diatom varves throughout the Holocene. Variations in varve thickness and the number and composition of seasonal sublayers are attributed to 1) changes in the amount of summer or winter/spring precipitation affecting local runoff and erosion and/or to 2) evaporative conditions during summer. Radiocarbon dating of bulk organic matter, daphnia remains, aquatic plant remains and Ruppia maritima seeds reveal reservoir ages with a clear decreasing trend up core from ~ 6,150 years in the early Holocene, to ~ 3,000 years in the mid-Holocene, to ~ 1,000 years and less in the late Holocene and modern times. In contrast, two radiocarbon dates from terrestrial plant remains are in good agreement with the varve-based chronology.
Technical Note: Improved Sampling of Behavioral Subsurface Flow Model Parameters Using Active Subspaces
Authors: Erdal Daniel , Cirpka Olaf A.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. In global sensitivity analysis and ensemble-based model calibration it is essential to create a large enough sample of model simulations with different parameters, which all yield plausible model results. This can be difficult if a-priori plausible parameter combinations frequently yield non-behavioral model results. In a previous study (Erdal and Cirpka, 2019), we developed and tested a parameter-sampling scheme based on active subspace decomposition. While in principle this scheme worked well, it still implied testing a substantial fraction of parameter combinations that ultimately had to be discarded because of implausible model results. This technical note presents an improved sampling scheme and illustrates its simplicity and efficiency by a small test case. The new sampling scheme can be tuned to either outperform the original implementation by improving the sampling efficiency while maintaining the accuracy of the result, or by improving the accuracy of the result while maintaining the sampling efficiency.
An efficient two-layer landslide-tsunami numerical model: effects of momentum transfer validated with physical experiments of waves generated by granular landslides
Authors: Franz Martin , Jaboyedoff Michel , Mulligan Ryan P. , Podladchikov Yury , Take W. Andy
Published: January 2020

Abstract. A landslide-generated tsunami is a complex phenomenon that involves landslide dynamics, wave dynamics and their interaction. Numerous lives and infrastructures around the world are threatened by these events. Predictive numerical models are a suitable tool to assess this natural hazard. However, the complexity of this phenomenon causes such models to be either computationally inefficient or unable to handle the overall process. Our model, which is based on shallow water equations, is developed to address these two problems. In our model, the two materials are treated as two different layers, and their interaction is resolved by momentum transfer inspired by elastic collision principles. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the validity of our model through benchmark tests based on physical experiments performed by Miller et al. (2017). A dry case is reproduced to validate the behaviour of the landslide propagation model using different rheological laws and to determine which law performs the best. In addition, a wet case is reproduced to investigate the influence of different still water levels on both the landslide deposit and the generated waves. The numerical results are in good agreement with the physical experiments, thereby confirming the validity of our model, particularly concerning the novel momentum transfer approach.
Evaluating soil erosion and sediment deposition rates by the 137Cs fingerprinting technique at karst gabin basin in Yunnan Province, southwest China
Authors: Li Yanqing , Jiang Zhongcheng , Chen Zhihua , Yu Yang , Lan Funing , Yue Xiangfei , Liu Peng , Rodrigo-Comino Jesús
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Soil erosion is a global environmental problem that can lead to the loss of nutrients in topsoil layers, particularly in fragile karst environments where the low contents of organic carbon and steep slopes used to be key pedological and geomorphological factors. Researching the erosion and deposition rates in small watersheds is important for designing efficient soil and water conservation measures. In this research, the Dapotou closed catchment, a representative depression in karst gabin basin, located in the Yunnan province, Southwest China, was selected to assess the variation of soil erosion and soil sediment mobilisation at different hillslope positions using the 137Cs tracing technique. The results showed that the soil erosion rates in the shoulders, backslopes and footslopes were 0.87, 0.35 and 0.49 cm a−1, respectively, meanwhile the soil sediment rate in depression bottom was 2.65 cm a−1. The average annual soil erosion modulus of the complete hillslope was 632 t km−2 a−1, which confirmed in the serious gradation according to karst soil erosion standards. The soil deposition modulus reached up to 3180 t km−2 a−1. The sediment delivery ratio summarized 0.82 in the whole catchment according to the square of hillslope and depression bottom. To identify which factor could play the most important role, a Principal Component Analysis was conducted. The results showed 137Cs concentration of different soil depth at different hillslope positions were significant correlated with soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) (P
The Arctic Ocean Observation Operator for 6.9 GHz (ARC3O) – Part 1: How to obtain sea-ice brightness temperatures at 6.9 GHz from climate model output
Authors: Burgard Clara , Notz Dirk , Pedersen Leif T. , Tonboe Rasmus T.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We explore the feasibility of an observation operator producing passive microwave brightness temperatures for sea ice at a frequency of 6.9 GHz. We investigate the influence of simplifying assumptions for the representation of sea-ice vertical properties on the simulation of microwave brightness temperatures. We do so in a one-dimensional setup, using a complex 1D thermodynamic sea-ice model and a 1D microwave emission model. We find that realistic brightness temperatures can be simulated in winter from a simplified linear temperature profile and a self-similar salinity profile in the ice. These realistic brightness temperatures can be obtained based on profiles interpolated to as few as five layers. Most of the uncertainty resulting from the simplifications is introduced by the simplification of the salinity profiles. In summer, the simplified salinity profile leads to too high liquid water fractions at the surface. To overcome this limitation, we suggest using a constant brightness temperature for the ice during summer and to treat melt ponds as water surfaces. Finally, in our setup, we cannot assess the effect of snow properties during melting. As periods of melting snow with intermediate moisture content typically last for less than a month, our approach allows one to estimate reasonable brightness temperatures at 6.9 GHz from climate model output for about 11 months throughout the year.
Decomposing the response of the stratospheric Brewer–Dobson circulation to an abrupt quadrupling in CO2
Authors: Chrysanthou Andreas , Maycock Amanda C. , Chipperfield Martyn P.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We perform 50-year-long time-slice experiments using HadGEM3-A to decompose the long-term response of the Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC) to an abrupt quadrupling in CO2 (4 × CO2) into: (1) a rapid atmospheric adjustment; (2) a contribution from the global-average sea surface temperature (SST) change (+3.4 K); and (3) an SST pattern effect. The SST fields are derived from the CMIP5 multi-model ensemble. Two further experiments explore the impact on the BDC of the spread in global-average SST response to 4 × CO2 across the CMIP5 models (range 2.1–4.9 K). At 70 hPa (10 hPa) the annual mean tropical upward mass flux increases by 45 % (35 %) due to the 4 × CO2 perturbation. At 70 hPa, around 70 % of the increase is from the global-uniform SST warming, with the remainder coming in similar contributions from the rapid adjustment and SST pattern effect. In contrast, at 10 hPa the total mass flux increases by 35 % and comes mainly from the rapid adjustment (~ 40 %) and the uniform SST warming (~ 45 %), with a small contribution from the SST pattern. Therefore, at 10 hPa the magnitude of the spread in global uniform SST response is comparable to the rapid adjustment. Conversely, at 70 hPa the effect of spread in global-mean SST is larger than both the rapid adjustment and the SST pattern effect. We derive an approximately linear sensitivity of the tropical upward mass flux to global surface air temperature change of 0.62 × 109 kg s−1 K−1 (9 % K−1) at 70 hPa and 0.10 × 109 kg s−1 K−1 (6 % K−1) at 10 hPa. The results confirm the most important factor for the acceleration of the BDC in the lower stratosphere under increased CO2 is global SST change. We also quantify for the first time that the rapid adjustment to CO2 is of similar importance to SSTs for the increased BDC in the upper stratosphere. This demonstrates a potential for a fast and slow timescale of the response of the BDC to greenhouse gas forcing, with the relative prominence of those timescales being height dependent.
La interpretación del Derecho en el ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano: estudio doctrinal y legal
Authors: Galiano Maritan Grisel
Published: January 2020

Las normas de cualquier ordenamiento jurídico están destinadas a ser cumplidas, y en en su caso, aplicadas, sin embargo, para ser aplicadas, primero deben ser interpretadas, pues la interpretación es la primera actividad para lograr una adecuada aplicación del Derecho. Por ello, el presente trabajo está dedicado al estudio doctrinal y legal de la interpretación en el ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano y de sus métodos, reglas y principios, con el objetivo de garantizar una adecuada aplicación del Derecho y con ello, la salvaguarda de los derechos subjetivos y la seguridad jurídica como principio constitucional.
Talent Management in Academia – The Indian Business School Scenario
Authors: Divekar Rajiv , Raman Ramakrishnan
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this paper is to explore the gamut of human resource practices prevailing in private Indian Business Schools (B Schools) with specific focus on the talent management strategies adopted. The paper explores the interdependence of talent management strategies adopted by the private Indian business schools and the organisational strategy along with the metrics and scales used to measure the academic performance. The paper analyses and critiques the present scenario for lacking alignment between the vision vis-à-vis the strategies adopted for talent recruitment, talent development and retaining and rewarding talent. The paper debates on the fact that prudent talent management can help in developing a conceptual framework to augment performance of B Schools over long term by amalgamating the B school’s strategy with its performance metrics.
Existe teatro infantil no PNBE?
Authors: Herkenhoff Joana d'Arc Batista , Souza Renata Junqueira de
Published: January 2020

Este artigo reflete sobre a existência de um cânone para os anos finais do Ensino Fundamental (6º ao 9º). Aborda a influência do Programa Nacional Biblioteca da Escola (PNBE) e dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN) na constituição do cânone e também as condições materiais necessárias para o conhecimento desse cânone pelos estudantes que, nessa fase, comportam-se como "leitores anárquicos" (Petucci, 1999); Pensa a tensão entre cânone (Reis, 1992) e diversidade, enfocando o papel da diversidade dos gêneros textuais prevista nos PCN no alargamento do cânone para esse grupo. Por fim, aborda a obra teatral de Maria Clara Machado, que tem se firmado como autora canônica do teatro infantil brasileiro. Conclui que diversos gêneros textuais estão presentes no PNBE, entretanto, de forma desigual, uma vez que predominam textos em prosa sobre textos em verso e que o teatro está entre os gêneros de menor aquisição, o que pode decorrer da pouca oferta desse gênero pelo mercado editorial no Brasil, mas também pode significar um desprestígio do gênero, decorrente do seu desconhecimento, atestado pela escassez de pesquisas a respeito da temática ou por ser este um gênero que extrapola o literário.
A implantação de políticas públicas pela solução judicial dialogada
Authors: Lemos Junior Eloy Pereira , Quadros Aparecida Dutra de Barros
Published: January 2020

As decisões judiciais para cumprimento de Políticas Públicas consubstanciadas em obrigações de fazer não encontram efetividade na execução forçada. O Estado Democrático de Direito requer vias alternativas para a solução das controvérsias resultantes de colisões de direitos e interesses fundamentais. A ebulição de necessidades de 2ª e 3ª dimensões que clamam pela via das tutelas coletivas requer ações prestacionais eficientes. A solução negociada dialogada para implementação de políticas públicas se afigura possível em face das normas fundamentais e de aplicação do direito processual constitucional reordenado com os valores e princípios estabelecidos no ordenamento jurídico. A metodologia empregada na elaboração do presente artigo foi dedutivo-hipotética por meio da pesquisa teórico-bibliográfica e documental.
O design na cultura tradicional: ênfases e lacunas
Authors: Alves Milena Carneiro , Santos Aguinaldo dos
Published: January 2020

A identidade territorial indígena é um campo que precisa ser preservado. Estudar e compreender o comportamento desses povos ajuda o designer a projetar produtos e serviços que agreguem valor ao artesanato, fortaleça sua identidade e que permitam uma melhor comunicação dos indígenas com a sociedade sem interferir na sua cultura ou no seu fazer tradicional. Esta pesquisa utiliza uma Revisão Bibliográfica Sistemática e Assistemática no intuito de entender a relação entre Design de Serviços e Artesanato Indígena. Como resultado, foram identificados os modos de consumo do artesanato indígena, o acesso que o designer possui nessas comunidades tradicionais, o desejo que esses nativos possuem de propagar a sua cultura para além do seu território e as lacunas existentes sobre o tema. A consideração dessas lacunas potencializa a criação de soluções que ampliem o valor econômico gerado pelo artesanato indígena e que propaguem a sua cultura de forma co-criativa, sempre se preocupando com o consumo sustentável.
Mapeamento ergonômico da função eletricista, na Companhia Paranaense de Energia – COPEL, Divisão de Manutenção Norte
Authors: Ciotta Daniele , Silva André Luís da
Published: January 2020

Este estudo apresenta um mapeamento ergonômico das condições de trabalho de eletricistas da Companhia Paranaense de Energia – COPEL. Para tal fim, aplicou-se a etnografia como método de pesquisa e o questionário nórdico como técnica complementar. Os resultados demonstraram relação entre a predominância de sintomatologia dolorosa e as tarefas exercidas por estes profissionais, indicando à empresa a necessidade da adoção de ações e programas preventivos concernentes à ergonomia dos trabalhadores.
Dinâmica da cobertura florestal na Serra da Mantiqueira entre 1999 e 2017
Authors: Petri Caio Arlanche , Maciel Daniel Andrade , Flores Junior Rogério
Published: January 2020

Apesar da extensa cobertura florestal nativa, usos como pastagem extensiva e cultivo florestal também estão presentes na Área de Proteção Ambiental da Serra da Mantiqueira (APA-SM). Além disto, há também ausência de um plano de manejo, com pouco estudo ambiental sobre sua dinâmica de uso e ocupação. Este trabalho buscou avaliar a variação temporal da cobertura florestal para a APA-SM entre os anos de 1999 e 2017 utilizando interpretação de imagens orbitais dos sensores Landsat-5/TM e Landsat-8/OLI. A imagem de 1999 foi classificada com posterior atualização manual até o ano de 2017. Em seguida, buscando avaliar o nível de fragmentação das florestas nativas, foram adotadas métricas de paisagem nas imagens classificadas. Como resultado, foi diagnosticado um aumento da cobertura florestal (floresta nativa com floresta plantada) pela expansão e surgimento de novos fragmentos, enquanto que a conversão de florestas para outros usos foi baixa. Apesar disso, as florestas nativas apresentaram uma redução de seu percentual de cobertura em relação à cobertura florestal total e as métricas de paisagem evidenciaram fragmentação da floresta nativa. O significativo número de novos fragmentos de pequena extensão pode indicar, em determinados casos, prognóstico positivo para a classe de cobertura florestal nativa em crescimento, apesar da fragmentação do habitat.
Análise da Variabilidade da Temperatura e Precipitação e sua Correlação na Ocorrência da Malária em Quelimane, Moçambique
Authors: Colher Cardenito Mário
Published: January 2020

A malária é uma doença infecciosa causada pelo parasita protozoário unicelular do gênero Plasmodium. É uma patologia que continua a causar significante morbimortalidade nas áreas onde é prevalente, sobretudo em Moçambique. Por se considerar que a malária faz parte de um grupo de doenças tropicais negligenciadas, este artigo desenvolve uma perspectiva voltada para a análise dos determinantes naturais da ocorrência da doença, particularmente no que se refere ao clima (variabilidade da temperatura e da precipitação) na cidade de Quelimane. O período de análise dos dados climáticos corresponde a 37 anos, de 1980 a 2017; e a correlação estabelecida com a malária abrange o período de 17 anos, de 2000 a 2017. Partindo do pressuposto teórico de que os eventos associados à ocorrência da doença estão fortemente relacionados à variação da temperatura e precipitação, por meio do método quantitativo, utilizou-se a técnica estatística dos quantis para identificação dos anos-padrão para analisar as tendências da variabilidade da temperatura e da precipitação. Assim sendo, estabeleceram-se as correlações por intermédio do Coeficiente de Pearson para identificar a correlação entre a temperatura, a precipitação e a malária, sendo que a ocorrência da malária foi consistente com a sazonalidade. Os resultados demostraram que a precipitação tem uma influência imediata - sazonal e anual, ao passo que a temperatura é favorável ao longo de todo o ano na ocorrência da malária em Quelimane.
Caracterização da Vulnerabilidade Ambiental na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Preto, Maranhão – Brasil
Authors: Santos Luiz Carlos Araujo dos , Soares Idevan Gusmão
Published: January 2020

A vulnerabilidade ambiental é definida como qualquer susceptibilidade do ambiente a um impacto potencial provocado por um uso antrópico. A bacia, localizado na região nordeste do estado do Maranhão, ocupa uma área de 5.235,63 quilômetros quadrados. O desenvolvimento do estudo da vulnerabilidade ambiental desta bacia é importante, pois serve de subsidio ao planejamento ambiental visando a sustentabilidade dos recursos hídricos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a vulnerabilidade ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Preto, considerando a integração dos solos, a declividade, a estrutura geológica e o uso e cobertura da terra com base na sua estabilidade em relação à morfogênese e à pedogênese almejando contribuir na mitigação de risco da erosão. Para tal, foram utilizadas técnicas de geoprocessamento, que permitiram estabelecer três tipos de unidades ambientais: meios estáveis, onde predomina a pedogênese; meios intergrades, no qual há equilíbrio entre a pedogênese e a morfogênese; e os fortemente instáveis, onde predomina a morfogênese, para assim determinar a intensidade e distribuição da vulnerabilidade na bacia. Verificou-se que 33,59% da área é vulnerável, 35,61% é medianamente vulnerável e 30,80% é representada por áreas estáveis. Identificou-se que o uso da terra para cultivo de soja e eucalipto ao sul da bacia elevou o grau de vulnerabilidade ambiental, pois intensifica a ação erosiva nos solos.
L'anàlisi morfològic a l'aula. Perspectiva, continguts i activitats.
Authors: Gil Irene
Published: January 2020

En aquest treball es proposen diverses estratègies per acotar, reduir i graduar els continguts de morfologia que s'aborden en l'Ensenyament Mig a Espanya. En concret, es suggereix adoptar una perspectiva única en l'anàlisi morfològica que es porta a terme a Secundària i Batxillerat, adaptar el grau d'abstracció de la segmentació morfològica a cada nivell educatiu i, seleccionar per a cada etapa, les unitats lèxiques que són objecte d'estudi en l'aula. A més, es proposen activitats en què l'anàlisi morfològica es combina amb el semàntic i el sintàctic, en una concepció de la morfologia com un component més de el coneixement de la llengua que l'estudiant ha d'adquirir. Els exercicis, que s'adapten a diferents nivells, estan dissenyats amb la finalitat última que els alumnes comprenguin els mecanismes de creació i interpretació de la paraula complexa en la seva pròpia llengua.
Czech and Slovak Translation Series of Bolesław Leśmian's Dziewczyna
and Szewczyk
Authors: Supeł Magdalena
Published: January 2020

A translation series refl ects the tensions between the original and the translation,
as well as between different translation solutions. The article discusses two Czech translations of Leśmian’s Dziewczyna and Szewczyk – Jan Pilař Děvče and Ševčík, and Vlasta
Dvořácková Dívka and Švícko – and one Slovak translation: Juraj Andričik’s Dievča and
Čižmárik. It concentrates on the shifts resulting from the different renditions of one particular element of the poetic system – metaphor.
The Robots’ Ethics in Stanisław Lem’s Fables for Robots
Authors: Mazur-Lejman Katarzyna
Published: January 2020

This essay is an analysis of selected ethical issues addressed in Stanisław Lem’s Fables
for Robots. Specifi c problems under discussion include the subjectivity of thinking machines,
the relationship between man and machine, the moral dimension of the robots’
rights (freedom, the relativism of good and evil, social norms or genetic engineering).
The Epistemological Context for the Ideas of Polish Messianism
as Viewed by Stanisław Brzozowski
Authors: Wawrzynowicz Andrzej
Published: January 2020

The paper embarks on an analysis of Stanisław Brzozowski’s views of Polish romantic
messianism. Its main purpose is to cast a broader light on the epistemological context
of the writer’s opinions in this respect and, furthermore, to make a preliminary attempt
at embedding Brzozowski’s standpoint in a broader context of the historical reception
of the ideas of Polish messianism. Also addressed is the aspect of philosophical relevance
of this position for the current times.
Charlie Chaplin in the vernacular modernism of the Polish interwar period
Authors: Birkholc Robert
Published: January 2020

The article attempts to characterize „vernacular modernism” in the Polish culture of the interwar
period on the example of the fi gure of Charlie Chaplin, which appears very often in Polish literature
of that time. The famous comedian was an idol not only for the writers of popular novels, but also
for the Skamandrits and futurist poets. In the interwar period low culture and high culture began to
intermix. For the Skamandrits, like Julian Tuwim, Chaplin represented a new model of democratic
art, in which the artist became a producer of entertainment. The futurist poets, in turn, saw Chaplin
as an archetypal trickster, an anarchist who destroyed the social order and created a modern form
of art. For writers like Leo Belmont, Charlie the tramp was a „wise fool”, a poor man who is rejected
by the modern society. Chaplin was so useful for the Polish writers because he symbolized both
bright and dark sides of modernity.
Zatajone konflikty. Relacje etniczne na Wileńszczyźnie
w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym w świetle
historiografii oraz ich przedstawienie w Kronice
wypadków miłosnych T. Konwickiego
Authors: Jakóbczyk Adrianna
Published: January 2020

The article analyzes selected historical, documentary and literary narratives dealing with ethnic
relations in the Vilnius Region, with a particular focus on Tadeusz Konwicki’s novel Kronika wypadków
miłosnych (1974). Konwicki’s novel employs a polonocentric perspective, for which there
are several possible reasons: 1) the writer sought to imply the contrast between an ecumenical
Vilnius community versus the reality of World War II, fi lled with interethnic hatred, 2) Konwicki’s
Polish background accounts for the choice of such a perspective, 3) for the writer who grew up
there, the Vilnius Region was a place tragically lost and impossible to recover, which contributed
to the mythologization of the area; 4) at the time Konwicki wrote the novel, the martyrological and
xenophobic discourse was widespread, therefore the undertones of Kronika wypadków miłosnych
seemed acceptable, 5) Konwicki may have wanted to achieve a form of compensation rather than
recreate the reality of the time.
Sense of meaning in life of the elderly people
Authors: Kreczko Magdalena
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the sense of meaning in life among people at a senior age. It was created on the basis of a fragment of a research project carried out as part of a master's thesis, the subject of which is the sense of meaning in life in the perception of the surveyed seniors. The purpose of the presented part of the research is to describe the meaning of life experienced by seniors and to present knowledge about old age and aging. The applied research strategy was qualitative tests, and data collection was done using narrative interviews in accordance with the assumptions of the interview according to Steinar Kvale.
Social work for the elderly. Case work method in support of elderly patients with oncological diseases
Authors: Pawlas-Czyż Sabina
Published: January 2020

Professional support for elderly people requires preparation to provide assistance in the face of a health loss, including oncological diseases, the risk of which increases especially at this stage of human development. A social worker asked to help a person who is struggling with an oncological disease needs to have a broad psychological, sociological and pedagogical knowledge.
Working by applying the individual case method, a social worker focuses their support actions on a direct impact on the person and their social environment. Generally speaking, the purpose of the case work method is to strengthen the individual, raising their energy and internal abilities through a consciously directed process of individual work with the person, and (if the situation requires it) to extend the support by organising additional help from the specialised institutions , appropriate for solving a given problem.
The theoretical background for the effective implementation of the case work method at the stage of diagnosis, then preparation of an assistance plan and implementation of planned intervention activities in the area of assistance to the elderly patients with an oncological disease, may be the concept of A. Maslow. It turns out that the usefulness of this theoretical concept has been repeatedly verified in practice, in processes of identifying the needs of seniors and planning interventions by social workers when dealing with the extremely difficult experience of an oncological disease in late adulthood. The advantage of the theoretical background discussed is that it indicates specific areas of biopsychosocial functioning, which requires concentration and diagnostic sensitivity of social workers in contact with a senior person that goes beyond the standard assessment of the client needs. The aim of this article is to bring closer the theoretical basis for diagnostic and intervention actions that can be undertaken by a social worker providing support to the seniors submitted to oncological treatment.
Aging and old age in the aspect of social policy
Authors: Górecki Mirosław
Published: January 2020

Recently, interest in the aging process of the Polish society and the phenomenon of old age has risen among social pedagogues, although though rarely they have been undertaken in research and publications in the field of this discipline. The article presents selected aspects and consequences of this issue and related social challenges. Focus has been placed on aging as a global demographic process, social attitudes towards elderly people and old age, different models of care for the elderly in European Union countries, educational and social activity of seniors. At the end, the most important tasks have been defined for social policy and organisation of geriatric care.
LOKALNA DIAGNOZA PROBLEMÓW I ZAGROŻEŃ
SPOŁECZNYCH NA PRZYKŁADZIE MIASTA SZCZYTNO
Authors: Łachacz Tomasz
Published: January 2020

W artykule ukazano
istotę i znaczenie diagnozy społecznej
oraz przedstawiono lokalny wymiar
problemów i zagrożeń społecznych
na przykładzie gminy miejskiej Szczytno. Lokalna diagnoza jest ważnym
elementem strategii rozwiązywania
problemów społecznych, a obowiązek jej opracowania wynika z ustawy
o pomocy społecznej. Jej celem jest
zidentyfi kowanie dotkliwych zjawisk
i sytuacji w danej wspólnocie, tak aby
zainicjować potrzebne zmiany społeczne. W Szczytnie, w latach 2004–2014,
opracowano trzy diagnozy społeczne
w oparciu o przeprowadzone badania
empiryczne. Wynika z nich, że w mieście głównymi zagrożeniami o charakterze społecznym są bezrobocie, alkoholizm i narkomania. Takiego stanu
rzeczy nie odzwierciedlają dane statystyczne gromadzone przez instytucje
lokalne, zajmujące się wspomnianymi
problemami. W związku z pojawiającymi się rozbieżnościami w ocenie
zagrożeń występujących na terenie
gminy, w artykule przedstawiono skalę i charakter niepożądanych zjawisk,
które poddano analizie w szczycieńskich diagnozach społecznych. W tym
celu odwołano się do „Diagnozy problemów uzależnień i innych zagrożeń
społecznych dla miasta Szczytno”
z 2009 r. oraz do dokumentu „Lokalna diagnoza, monitoring oraz strategia
rozwiązywania problemów uzależnień
i innych zagrożeń społecznych dla miasta Szczytno” opracowanego w 2014 r.
Rozpoznanie na potrzeby
połączonego rażenia
Authors: Rewak Dariusz , Świętochowski Norbert
Published: January 2020

Mobilność i elastyczność sił zbrojnych, zwłaszcza szybkość reakcji na zmiany pola
walki, stały się podstawowymi warunkami skuteczności działań bojowych. Na współczesnym
polu walki ogromne znaczenie ma informacja. Wygrywa ten, kto szybciej
wykorzysta ją na swoją korzyść.
W artykule omówiono militarny wymiar przewagi informacyjnej i jej wpływ na skuteczność
połączonego rażenia. Określono wymagania dotyczące systemu rozpoznania
Sił Zbrojnych RP pod kątem połączonego rażenia i wsparcia ogniowego, szczególnie
wojsk rakietowych i artylerii. Wskazano także możliwości i kierunki rozwoju
systemu rozpoznania polskich sił zbrojnych oraz sposoby jego integracji z systemem
rażenia.
Autorzy dostrzegają konieczność poważnej debaty nad nowym modelem rozpoznania
na potrzeby połączonego wsparcia ogniowego, ognia operacyjnego i połączonego
rażenia. Sugerują udział w niej środowisk naukowych, przemysłu zbrojeniowego
oraz przedstawicieli wszystkich rodzajów sił zbrojnych i wojsk.
Bezzałogowe statki powietrzne
w kontroli obiektów budowlanych
Authors: Nowobilski Tomasz
Published: January 2020

Bezzałogowe statki powietrzne
(BSP) coraz częściej znajdują zastosowanie
w branży budowlanej. Wynika to m.in. z możliwości,
jakie daje ta technologia (np. dotarcie
do miejsc trudno dostępnych) oraz korzyści,
jakie przynosi jej zastosowanie. W artykule
przedstawiono najważniejsze uwarunkowania
prawidłowej eksploatacji BSP wraz z obowiązującymi
regulacjami prawnymi. W dalszej
części artykułu przedstawiono wybrane przypadki
wykorzystania BSP na potrzeby kontroli
obiektów budowlanych oraz wskazano korzyści
i ograniczenia wynikające z zastosowania
tej technologii.