bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HSP90AB1 as the Druggable Target of Maggot Extract Reverses Cisplatin Resistance in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Wang Daojuan , Tang Xun , Ruan Jianguo , Zhu Zhengquan , Wang Rong , Weng Yajing , Zhang Yaling , Wang Tingyu , Huang Ying , Wang Hongwei , Su Zhenzi , Wu Xiaoke , Tao Gaojian , Wang Yong
Published: May 2023

Cisplatin resistance is a crucial factor affecting ovarian cancer patient’s survival rate, but the primary mechanism underlying cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer remains unclear, and this prevents the optimal use of cisplatin therapy. Maggot extract (ME) is used in traditional Chinese medicine for patients with comas and patients with gastric cancer when combined with other drug treatments. In this study, we investigated whether ME enhances the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin. Two ovarian cancer cells—A2780/CDDP and SKOV3/CDDP—were treated with cisplatin and ME in vitro. SKOV3/CDDP cells that stably expressed luciferase were subcutaneously or intraperitoneally injected into BALB/c nude mice to establish a xenograft model, and this was followed by ME/cisplatin treatment. In the presence of cisplatin, ME treatment effectively suppressed the growth and metastasis of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer in vivo and in vitro. RNA-sequencing data showed that HSP90AB1 and IGF1R were markedly increased in A2780/CDDP cells. ME treatment markedly decreased the expression of HSP90AB1 and IGF1R, thereby increasing the expression of the proapoptotic proteins p-p53, BAX, and p-H2AX, while the opposite effects were observed for the antiapoptotic protein BCL2. Inhibition of HSP90 ATPase was more beneficial against ovarian cancer in the presence of ME treatment. In turn, HSP90AB1 overexpression effectively inhibited the effect of ME in promoting the increased expression of apoptotic proteins and DNA damage response proteins in SKOV3/CDDP cells. Inhibition of cisplatin-induced apoptosis and DNA damage by HSP90AB1 overexpression confers chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. ME can enhance the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin toxicity by inhibiting HSP90AB1/IGF1R interactions, and this might represent a novel target for overcoming cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer chemotherapy.
Supplementary Figure S3 from DNA-Methylome–Based Tumor Hypoxia Classifier Identifies HPV-Negative Head and Neck Cancer Patients at Risk for Locoregional Recurrence after Primary Radiochemotherapy
Authors: Tawk Bouchra , Rein Katrin , Schwager Christian , Knoll Maximilian , Wirkner Ute , Hörner-Rieber Juliane , Liermann Jakob , Kurth Ina , Balermpas Panagiotis , Rödel Claus , Linge Annett , Löck Steffen , Lohaus Fabian , Tinhofer Ingeborg , Krause Mechtild , Stuschke Martin , Grosu Anca Ligia , Zips Daniel , Combs Stephanie E. , Belka Claus , Stenzinger Albrecht , Herold-Mende Christel , Baumann Michael , Schirmacher Peter , Debus Jürgen , Abdollahi Amir
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Figure S3. (Top) Hypoxia-M V2 is associated with decreased OS in the TCGApancancer cohort (p<0.002) (Bottom) Hypoxia-M V2 is an independent prognosticator of OS (HR=1.81, p<0.03) after adjusting for demographic and clinical factors.
Data from DNA-Methylome based Tumor Hypoxia Classifier Identifies HPV-negative Head & Neck Cancer Patients at Risk for Locoregional Recurrence After Primary Radiochemotherapy
Authors: Tawk Bouchra , Rein Katrin , Schwager Christian , Knoll Maximilian , Wirkner Ute , Hörner-Rieber Juliane , Liermann Jakob , Kurth Ina , Balermpas Panagiotis , Roedel Claus , Linge Annett , Loeck Steffen , Lohaus Fabian , Tinhofer Ingeborg , Krause Mechthild , Stuschke Martin , Grosu Anca-Ligia , Zips Daniel , Combs Stephanie E. , Belka Claus , Stenzinger Albrecht , Herold-Mende Christel , Baumann Michael , Schirmacher Peter , Debus Jürgen , Abdollahi Amir
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Tumor hypoxia is a paradigmatic negative prognosticator of treatment resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). The lack of robust and reliable hypoxia classifiers limits the adaptation of stratified therapies. We hypothesized that the tumor DNA methylation landscape might indicate epigenetic reprogramming induced by chronic intratumoral hypoxia. Methods: A DNA methylome-based tumor hypoxia classifier (Hypoxia-M) was trained in the TCGA-HNSCC cohort based on matched assignments using gene expression-based signatures of hypoxia (Hypoxia-GES). Hypoxia-M was validated in a multicenter DKTK-ROG trial consisting of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)-negative HNSCC patients treated with primary radiochemotherapy (RCHT). Results: While hypoxia-GSEs failed to stratify patients in the DKTK-ROG, Hypoxia-M was independently prognostic for local recurrence (LR, HR=4.3, p=0.001) and overall survival (OS, HR=2.34, p=0.03) but not distant metastasis (DM) after RCHT in the both cohorts. Hypoxia-M status was inversely associated with CD8 T-cells infiltration in both cohorts. Hypoxia-M was further prognostic in the TCGA-PanCancer cohort (HR=1.83, p=0.04), underscoring the breadth of this classifier for predicting tumor hypoxia status. Conclusions: Our findings highlight an unexplored avenue for DNA Methylation-based classifiers as biomarkers of tumoral hypoxia for identifying high-risk features in patients with HNSCC tumors. Trial registration: Retrospective observational study from the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK-ROG), not interventional.
O Nada e a Compaixão
Authors: Sousa Anderson Santos de
Published: May 2023

Este ensaio reflete sobre a possibilidade do capítulo XIII, Mumonzeki: Uma Barreira Sem Portões, do Mangá Lobo Solitário, ser um veículo moderno de síntese e difusão dos conceitos budistas de nada (Sunyata) e compaixão (Karuṇā), cooperando assim para a manutenção da lógica da coletividade na sociedade japonesa.
No Princípio, Deus criou: a cosmogonia como estratégia retórica para a reconstrução de laços coletivos nos séculos VI e V AEC
Authors: Onodera Enzo Snitovsky
Published: May 2023

Neste artigo, analisamos a forma como a tradição profética do Segundo Isaías utiliza o tema da criação como recurso retórico e mnemônico durante a reconstrução da comunidade judaíta no exílio, após as deportações do século VI AEC. Para isso, analisamos inicialmente os estudos sobre os impactos do fenômeno diaspórico na construção de identidades coletivas na Antiguidade. Em seguida, partimos para uma discussão sobre a memória coletiva e seus mecanismos de transmissão entre gerações frente ao trauma e à destruição. Por fim, a partir dos capítulos 43 e 44 de Isaías, analisamos como a profecia recupera e ressignifica o tema da Criação, analisando os possíveis impactos dessa temática na reconstrução dos laços coletivos e representações culturais na diáspora, durante os séculos VI e V AEC.
Notelaea neolanceolata, a new replacement name for Notelaea lanceolata (Oleaceae)
Authors: HONG-WA CYNTHIA , BESNARD GUILLAUME
Published: May 2023

N/A
Gaultheria (Ericaceae) of Myanmar: an updated species list for the country, a new species, and a new species combination
Authors: FRITSCH PETER W. , ARMSTRONG KATE E. , AUNG MU MU , FUJIKAWA KAZUMI , LU LU
Published: May 2023

An updated list of the species of Gaultheria (Ericaceae) from Myanmar is presented, with additions and corrections to a previously published list. Gaultheria natmataungensis, a new species from Natma Taung National Park, Chin State, Myanmar, is described and illustrated. It is the only species of Gaultheria endemic to the country. Additionally, G. griffithiana var. insignis is raised to the rank of species (G. insignis), and G. insignis and G. suborbicularis are newly recorded for Myanmar. Photographs of living plants of G. insignis are included, along with an updated description and illustration that incorporate new morphological data, including the first documentation of floral characters. Lectotypes are provided for G. fragrantissima, G. insignis, and G. nummularioides. A key to the species is provided. The number of Gaultheria species recorded from Myanmar is 24.
Contribution to the knowledge of the subgenus Tenuibaetis Kang & Yang 1994 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae, Baetis s. l.)
Authors: KLUGE NIKITA , SRINIVASAN PANDIARAJAN , SIVARUBAN T. , BARATHY S. , ISACK RAJASEKARAN
Published: May 2023

The taxon Tenuibaetis Kang & Yang (in Kang, Chang & Yang) 1994 is accepted here as a subgenus of the genus Baetis Leach 1815, but not as a genus. In connection with this, new combinations are established: Baetis (Tenuibaetis) parvipterus (Fujitani et al. 2011) comb. n., Baetis (Tenuibaetis) fujitanii (Kaltenbach & Gattolliat 2019) comb. n., Baetis (Tenuibaetis) himani (Kubendran et al. in Kubendran et al. 2022) comb. n., Baetis (Tenuibaetis) kangi (Kubendran et al. in Kubendran et al. 2022) comb. n. and Baetis (Tenuibaetis) panhai (Suttinun et al. 2022) comb. n. Based on reared material, imagines of both sexes and larvae of Baetis (Tenuibaetis) ursinus Kazlauskas 1963, Baetis (Tenuibaetis) hissaricus Novikova 1991, Baetis (Tenuibaetis) frequentus Müller-Liebenau & Hubbard 1985 (= Indobaetis michaelohubbardi Selva-kumar et al. 2012, syn. n.) and B. (T.) fujitanii are redescribed. B. (T.) panhai is redescribed based on subimago reared from larva. Two new species from Southern India, Baetis (Tenuibaetis) kaltenbachi sp. n. and Baetis (Tenuibaetis) bialatus sp. n. are described based on imagines reared from larvae. A new species from Thailand, Baetis (Tenuibaetis) octomaculatus sp. n. is described based on imagines reared from larvae.
Actors, Ideas, and International Influence: Understanding Migration Policy Change in South America
Authors: Brumat Leiza , Vera Espinoza Marcia
Published: May 2023

This article analyzes the role of ideas, domestic actors, and international influences in migration policy change (MPCh) in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. Building on 67 in-depth interviews with key actors in migration governance, public declarations of government representatives, and relevant legislation, we argue that the increased power of “securitist” actors within national bureaucracies shaped MPCh in all three countries. Between 2015 and 2019, these actors promoted a set of programmatic ideas and policy proposals that linked migration to security issues and distinguished between “good” and “bad” immigrants, emulating Global North countries. This set of ideas resulted in policy change at the country level, but at the same time, national-level policy change coexisted with continuity at the regional level. This article contributes to the literature on migration governance, first, by extending the geographical focus of migration policy studies, which frequently focus on party politics, coalitions, and public opinion, beyond the Global North. Second, we further current explanations of MPCh and policy contradictions by differentiating between continuity and change in programmatic ideas, policy proposals, and public philosophies. Third, we advance the regional migration policy literature by distinguishing between different groups of actors within national bureaucracies and enhancing understanding of these actors’ roles at both the national and international levels. Across its sections, this article shows that policy ideas—where and from whom they come—matter. By unpacking the different types of ideas that influence policy shifts and the actors who promote them, we can better understand apparent contradictions in migration policy.
A Systematic Review of Adverse Events and Complications After Isolated Posterior Medial Meniscus Root Repairs
Authors: Jackson Garrett R. , Warrier Alec A. , Wessels Morgan , Khan Zeeshan A. , Obioha Obianuju , McCormick Johnathon R. , Kaplan Daniel J. , Mameri Enzo S. , Knapik Derrick M. , Verma Nikhil N. , Chahla Jorge
Published: May 2023

Background:

Medial meniscus posterior root (MMPR) tears are recognized as a substantial cause of disability and morbidity. However, meniscus root repair, regardless of technique, is not without potential complications.

Purpose:

To evaluate the reported incidence of complications and adverse events after isolated MMPR repair.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines using Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases with the following search terms combined with Boolean operators: “meniscus,”“root,” and “repair.” Inclusion criteria consisted of level 1 to 4 human clinical studies in English or English-language translation reporting complications and adverse events after isolated posterior medial meniscus root repairs. The overall incidence of specific complications was estimated from the pooled sample of the included studies.

Results:

Eleven studies with a total pooled sample of 442 patients were identified. The mean patient age was 58.1 years, while the mean final follow-up time was 37.2 months (range, 12-84.8 months). The overall incidence of complications was 9.7% (n = 43/442), with the most commonly reported complication being progressive degenerative changes within the knee (10.4%; n = 25/240; n = 5 studies). A total of 1.25% (n = 3/240) of patients who experienced degenerative changes required conversion to total knee arthroplasty. Repair failures were reported in 3.1% (n = 10/327; n = 8 studies) of patients.

Conclusion:

Repairing MMPR tears is critical in preventing accelerated progression of knee osteoarthritis in patients without significant knee osteoarthritis preoperatively. While this repair is still recommended and necessary in appropriate patients, this review found that the incidence of complications after isolated posterior medial meniscus root repair was 9.7%, primarily involving the presence of progressive degeneration, while repair failure was reported in 3% of patients.
Roadheader horizontal swing movement based on VP technology and SVR algorithm
Authors: Liu Xunan , Zhao Zhiqiang , Fu Xin , Zhang Jianzhuo , Yang Xinle
Published: May 2023

In tunnel construction, over-excavation and under-excavation by the roadheader often occur, which can lead to rough excavation cross-sections that require subsequent treatment resulting in additional time and cost. With a view to improving the quality of excavated tunnels, increasing the speed of the roadheader in tunneling applications, and accurately controlling the excavation process, a virtual prototype (VP) of the roadheader is built using Pro/Engineer, ADAMS, ANSYS, and EASY5. A mechanical model of the system is established and relationships between hydraulic piston expansion length, speed, and boom swing angle are determined. Then, a support vector regression (SVR) internal model controller is introduced into the roadheader swing system. An electromechanical fluid coupling automatic control system model is also established. Combining VP technology with the SVR algorithm, an internal model and inverse model of the roadheader horizontal swing system are obtained. Multi-domain co-simulations are performed. When the SVR internal model controller is incorporated, the gyration platform is more reliable, and the target position can be quickly tracked by the system. The cutting test bench of roadheader was built, and the cutting experiments were carried out by using SVR and PID control methods. Although the PID control system has a faster response, it is only 1.61 s faster than SVR, and the PID control method has a much higher over-excavation amount than SVR control method, and the maximum over-excavation amount is 3.22 times of SVR controller. Therefore, the SVR controller has better control over the over-excavation phenomenon and higher control accuracy. So the proposed method can be used to effectively solve the over-excavation and under-excavation problem.
Relative analysis on fluid flow models for graphene oxide suspended blood flow: A Keller-box approach
Authors: Rathore Niraj , Sandeep N.
Published: May 2023

The biomedical applications and antibacterial properties of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles help to treat tumors and improve drug delivery results. The 2-D flow of GO-nanoparticles integrated blood flow through cosine character stenosis artery with radiative heat, heat sink/source, and Cattaneo–Christov temperature flux is assumed. The Darcy–Forchhiemer condition and porosity parameter are imposed in momentum equations. The governing equalities and borderline settings are transformed into ODE using similarity transformation and resolved mathematically using the Keller-box scheme. First, the GO-nanolayer concept has been discussed to inspect heat transmission rate and change in energy and exhibited graphically. A comparison of Maxwell, Sutterby, and Oldroyd-B flow models is made and displayed schematically. It is noticed that the thermal performance is raised due to the GO nanolayer. The energy transmission rate is higher in the Oldroyd-B flow compared to the remaining two flow models. The simulation of this study may help understand the mechanism of blood flows through the stenosis artery. Also, this study can be used for advanced research in biomedical, cancer treatment, etc.
Magnetohydrodynamic flow of Carreau Yasuda fluid inside a complex wavy passage formed by beating cilia: A finite-difference analysis
Authors: Asghar Zeeshan , Khan Muhammad Waris Saeed , Gondal Muhammad Asif , Ghaffari Abuzar
Published: May 2023

Inspired by the prevalence of non-Newtonian liquids in biological flows, our aim in this article is to elaborate on the flow of Carreau-Yasuda fluid generated by wavy cilia inside the micro-channel. The impact of complex wave and magnetic field (magnetohydrodynamics) are also taken into account. The low Reynolds number and large wavelength approximation are employed to simplify the problem. The finite-difference approach (finite-difference method) is utilized to get the convergent solution to the problem in MATLAB (2022b). The impact of emerging parameters on the axial velocity and streamlines is examined through various graphs. Moreover, a comparison among the Carreau-Yasuda fluid, Carreau fluid, and Newtonian fluid is also expounded.
Exploring the Use of Arts-Based Interventions and Research Methods in Families of Seriously Ill Children: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bally Jill M. G. , Burles Meridith , Spurr Shelley , McGrath Jessica
Published: May 2023

Family care is essential to pediatric nursing practice, as the entire family is affected by childhood illness. However, little is known about art making for therapeutic purposes and how art is used to better understand families’ experiences. Our purpose was to examine the nature of arts-based interventions and research methods used with, and the experiences of families of children facing life-limiting and life-threatening illnesses, and those families who are bereaved. Academic peer-reviewed sources published between January 1999 and May 2022 were retrieved via four databases using key search terms. Twenty-five articles were analyzed, resulting in three multifaceted categories including Social, Emotional, and Family Health. Critical strengths and limitations were also identified. Art making has been incorporated into interventions and research studies due to its benefits for family well-being. Understanding the potential of art making can inspire nurses to implement such activities to enhance family nursing practice and research.
Increase in traumatic injury burden amidst COVID-19 was disproportionately shouldered by racial and ethnic minority patients: An urban case study
Authors: Tomas CW , Flynn-O’Brien KT , Harris J , Kostelac C , Moore R , Cassidy LD , deRoon-Cassini TA
Published: May 2023

Background

When the COVID-19 pandemic intersected with the longstanding global pandemic of traumatic injury, it exacerbated racial and ethnic disparities in injury burden. As Milwaukee, Wisconsin is a racially diverse yet segregated urban city due to historic and ongoing systemic efforts, this populace provided an opportunity to further characterize injury disparities.

Method

We analyzed trauma registry data from the only adult Level 1 trauma center in Milwaukee, WI before and during the COVID-19 pandemic ( N = 19,908 patients from 2015–2021). We retrospectively fit seasonal ARIMA models to monthly injury counts to determine baseline injury burden pre-COVID-19 (Jan 2015–Mar 2020). This baseline data was used to forecast injury by race and ethnicity from April 2020 to December 2021 and was compared to actual injury counts.

Results

For all mechanisms of injury (MOI), counts during the pandemic were significantly higher than forecasted for Black or African American (mean absolute percentage error, MAPE = 23.17) and Hispanic or Latino (MAPE = 26.67) but not White patients (MAPE = 12.72). Increased injury for Black or African American patients was driven by increases in motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) and firearm-related injury; increased injury for Hispanic or Latino patients was driven by falls and MVCs.

Conclusions

The exacerbation of injury burden disparities during COVID-19, particularly in specific MOI, underscores the need for primary injury prevention within specific overburdened communities. Injury prevention requires intervention through social determinants of health, including addressing the impact of structural racism, as primary drivers of injury burden disparities.
The Idea of Genre in the Algorithmic Cinema
Authors: Sim Gerald
Published: May 2023

This article questions the way that movie recommendation systems designed to microtarget spectators are thought to operationalize microgenres, highly specific groupings that appeal to narrow niches. If industry leader Netflix’s “altgenres” can track fluid preferences and reconceive audience groupings continuously to effectuate “deep personalization,” such trends towards individualization would undermine canonical genres and their study. But in clarifying the differences and similarities between microgenres, altgenres, subgenres, and cycles, this article situates digital microgenres beside long-standing Hollywood practices, discovers traditional genres enduring at the heart of industry applications of data science, and argues for analytics as a potential boon for film genre studies.
The call type variation and usages of the Eurasian tree sparrow Passer montanus
Authors: Lee Ju-Hyun , Sung Ha-Cheol
Published: May 2023

Bird call, which is widely used in all species of birds, is short, simple, and functionally diverse in comparison to song. Here, we have recorded call types of Eurasian tree sparrows ( Passer montanus) at multiple situations and various communal behaviors. The Eurasian tree sparrow belongs to the oscine (song-learning) group of songbirds, but their calls are more developed than their song. The calls are used to communicate a variety of behaviors in their social flock. In this study, we categorized call types and usages in relation to the situation on the basis of visual categorization of spectrograms and descriptive measurements. Adult Eurasian tree sparrows have 9 call types (including 9 sub-types at A1 family) and chicks have one (including 2 sub-types). Each call type could be classified as A1 contact call, A2 Fight-intention call, A3 Aerial call, A4 Alarm/Anxiety call, A5 Emergency call, A6 Warning/Threat call, A7 Stimulate call, A8 Screaming call, A9 Social calling, and C1 Begging call. Our results suggest that the diversity of Eurasian tree sparrow’s call types is related to the complex social structure of the species, and might be associated to evolution of sociality. Further research on correlation between various call types and social behavior is needed to find social communication characteristics of Eurasian tree sparrows and other social weaver species with similar ecology may reveal whether evolutionary pressures of sociality lead to increased call complexity.
Development of a video-based evidence synthesis knowledge translation resource: Drawing on a user-centred design approach
Authors: Deliv Cristian , Devane Declan , Putnam El , Healy Patricia , Hall Amanda , Rosenbaum Sarah , Toomey Elaine
Published: May 2023

Objectives

We aimed to develop a video animation knowledge translation (KT) resource to explain the purpose, use and importance of evidence synthesis to the public regarding healthcare decision-making.

Methods

We drew on a user-centred design approach to develop a spoken animated video (SAV) by conducting two cycles of idea generation, prototyping, user testing, analysis, and refinement. Six researchers identified the initial key messages of the SAV and informed the first draft of the storyboard and script. Seven members of the public provided input on this draft and the key messages through think-aloud interviews, which we used to develop an SAV prototype. Seven additional members of the public participated in think-aloud interviews while watching the video prototype. All members of the public also completed a questionnaire on perceived usefulness, desirability, clarity and credibility. We subsequently synthesised all data to develop the final SAV.

Results

Researchers identified the initial key messages as 1) the importance of evidence synthesis, 2) what an evidence synthesis is and 3) how evidence synthesis can impact healthcare decision-making. Members of the public rated the initial video prototype as 9/10 for usefulness, 8/10 for desirability, 8/10 for clarity and 9/10 for credibility. Using their guidance and feedback, we produced a three-and-a-half-minute video animation. The video was uploaded on YouTube, has since been translated into two languages, and viewed over 12,000 times to date.

Conclusions

Drawing on user-centred design methods provided a structured and transparent approach to the development of our SAV. Involving members of the public enhanced the credibility and usefulness of the resource. Future work could explore involving the public from the outset to identify key messages in developing KT resources explaining methodological topics. This study describes the systematic development of a KT resource with limited resources and provides transferrable learnings for others wishing to do similar.
Association Between Industry Sponsorship of Spine-Related Clinical Trials, Publication Status, and Research Outcomes
Authors: Munsch Maria A. , Chen Stephen R. , Dalton Jonathan , Tisherman Robert , Shaw Jeremy D. , Lee Joon Y.
Published: May 2023

Study Design

Observational Database Study.

Objectives

Prospective clinical trials in spinal surgery are expensive to conduct, especially when randomized, appropriately powered, and/or multicentered. Industry collaborations generate symbiotic relationships promoting technological advancement; however, they also allow for bias. To the authors’ knowledge, there is no known analysis of correlations between industry sponsorship and publication rates of spine-related clinical trials. This observational work evaluates such potential associations.

Methods

The ClinicalTrials.gov database was queried with terms spine, spinal, spondylosis, spondylolysis, cervical, lumbar, and compression fracture over an 11-year period. Design characteristics and outcomes were recorded from 822 spine surgery-related trials. Trials were stratified based on funding source and intervention class. Groups were compared via two-tailed chi-square test of independence or Fisher’s exact test (α = .05), based on completion status and publication rates of positive vs negative results.

Results

Industry-sponsored spine-related clinical trials were more likely to be terminated than their non-industry-sponsored counterparts (P < .001). Of the trials achieving publication, industry-sponsored trials reported positive results at a higher rate than did trials without industry funding (P = .037). Clinical trials examining devices were more likely to be terminated than those studying other intervention classes (P = .001).

Conclusions

High termination rates and positive result publication rates among industry-sponsored clinical trials in spinal surgery likely reflect industry’s influence on the research community. Such partnership alleviates financial burden and provides accessibility to cutting-edge innovation. It is essential that all parties remain mindful of the significant bias that funding source may impart on study outcome.
A Survey of Occupational Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Canadian Plastic Surgeons and Trainees
Authors: Tobias Gabriel , Dodd Shawn X , Wong Joshua N
Published: May 2023

Purpose: Despite the advances of modern operating rooms, surgeons often experience work environments that rival those of industrial workers with regard to the risk of musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries or disorders. Such injuries may result in loss of hours, decreased surgical volume, or premature retirement. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and impact of MSK injuries among Canadian plastic surgeons and trainees. Methods: A cross-sectional, online survey was disseminated among Canadian plastic surgeons, defined as those registered as members of the Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, or Plastic Surgery Residents. Results: This survey was disseminated to 604 Canadian plastic surgeons, fellows, and residents, of whom 139 responded (response rate 23.0%). Of the responders, 49.6% were male, 23.0% were >35 years of age, and 46.1% had been in practice for >10 years. The majority (72.7%) of respondents endorsed experiencing MSK symptoms after operating. Moreover, 18.7% of respondents felt their MSK symptoms had direct consequences on their performance as a surgeon. When MSK symptoms were reported to department heads, system change was only seen 44.4% of the time. Unsurprisingly, neck (76.2%), back (72.2%), and shoulders (48.5%) were the areas of pain most reported. Exercise was not shown to significantly reduce the impact of MSK symptoms resulting from operating ( P  =  .06). Conclusions: Musculoskeletal symptoms are common among plastic surgeons and directly impact the performance of a large proportion of surgeons. Besides traditional efforts to reinforce good posture while operating, best practice policies and operating room optimization with regard to ergonomics are warranted.
Planning factors affecting carbon footprints of residents: Density, land use, and suburbanization
Authors: Kim Taehyun , Noh Youngre
Published: May 2023

Energy-efficient urban development and carbon footprints (CFs) are often discussed in relation to climate change. The optimal level of urban density from a carbon reduction perspective at the city level has been much debated. However, considering possible trade-offs or co-benefits for CFs in the housing and travel sectors, it remains difficult to evaluate how intra-urban/residential densities and mixed land-use patterns relate to individual CFs at a community level in different seasons. The study objective was to demonstrate the changes in the CFs of residents in summer and winter according to spatiotemporal changes in urban forms, such as intra-urban/residential densities and mixed land-use patterns. Based on geographical data and CF survey results from Seoul and Gyeonggi in 2009 and 2018, four path analysis models were used to verify the spatiotemporal variances of the relationships between urban forms and the CFs of the housing/travel sectors (HCF/TCF). Path analysis with a set of mediation variables enables the evaluation of possible trade-offs, or co-benefits, when investigating the impacts of different measures of intra-urban densities and mixed land-use patterns on the CFs. Furthermore, the moderating effects of different cooling and heating patterns in different seasons on CFs were verified by comparing the four path analysis models in different spatiotemporal contexts. The results showed spatiotemporal changes in urban density and different impacts of urban and residential densities on the TCF. It was also revealed that a low percentage of residential land use in urbanized areas offsets the advantage of high density in reducing TCF and HCF. Seasonal differences were also observed in the effects of residential density and HCF. The results of this study help us understand the spatiotemporal characteristics of TCF and HCF in urban settings, which can assist efforts to achieve carbon neutrality goals.
Toward Alaska Native research and data sovereignty: Observations and experiences from the Yukon Flats
Authors: Brewer Joseph P , Black Jessica , Stevens Carrie , Ancestors Gwich’in
Published: May 2023

Indigenous Peoples research and data sovereignty is of paramount importance to a healthy relationship between Indigenous Peoples and the research enterprise. The development of Indigenous methods and methodologies lends itself to the hot discussion of research and data or, as we posit, knowledge born from Alaska Native communities’ experiences and observations since time immemorial. Within the context of climate change, Alaska Native communities in the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge (Flats) are experiencing research fatigue. There are an extraordinary number of researchers applying constant pressure on Alaska Native communities on the Yukon Flats to engage with research ideas and pursuits that are not of their own needs. In concert with large and frequent grant dollars that are promoting research with Alaska Native Peoples and demand grant proposals have components of coproduction of knowledge intertwined with the research. With so much research directed at, not with, Alaska Native communities on the Yukon Flats, never has it been more important to shape research and data sovereignty with Alaska Native communities based on their needs and their worldviews. This article works to demonstrate how established Indigenous methods in collaboration with Alaska Native and Allies scholarship alongside Alaska Native communities inform the future of Alaska Native research and data sovereignty.
The Role of Lung Ultrasonography Scoring in Predicting the Need for Surfactant Therapy in Neonates, With Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Nosrati Maryam , Akhoundi Neda , Ahmadzadeh Nanva Amir Hasan , Siami Alireza , Khoshnoud Shariati Maryam , Rezazadeh Elmira , Khalili Pouya Ensi
Published: May 2023

Objective:

Surfactant administration has an essential role in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). This is coupled with the capability of a lung sonography scoring system (LUS scoring) in assessing neonatal lungs with RDS, makes evaluating the role of such a scoring system important in deciding to use surfactant therapy.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on neonates with RDS, at a gestational age of more than 30 weeks. Using a high-frequency ultrasound transducer, neonates’ results were assessed by a radiologist, and then LUS scoring was determined in both groups, with and without the need for surfactant therapy.

Results:

The mean LUS scoring in the two groups was 9.08 ± 3.09 and 4.12 ± 2.56, respectively, which indicated a significant difference. The LUS scoring had a higher ability to predict the need for surfactant treatment, based on a receiver operating curve analysis. The best diagnostic cutoff point, for LUS scoring in predicting the need for surfactant treatment, was 6 in neonates 30–32 weeks and 7 in neonates 32–34 weeks. The use of LUS scoring had a sensitivity of 85.1%, 84% and a specificity of 87.2%, 88%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The LUS scoring may be used to help in the predicted need for surfactant therapy, in neonates with RDS.
scRNASequest: an ecosystem of scRNA-seq analysis, visualization, and publishing
Authors: Li Kejie , Sun Yu H. , Ouyang Zhengyu , Negi Soumya , Gao Zhen , Zhu Jing , Wang Wanli , Chen Yirui , Piya Sarbottam , Hu Wenxing , Zavodszky Maria I. , Yalamanchili Hima , Cao Shaolong , Gehrke Andrew , Sheehan Mark , Huh Dann , Casey Fergal , Zhang Xinmin , Zhang Baohong
Published: May 2023

Background

Single-cell RNA sequencing is a state-of-the-art technology to understand gene expression in complex tissues. With the growing amount of data being generated, the standardization and automation of data analysis are critical to generating hypotheses and discovering biological insights.

Results

Here, we present scRNASequest, a semi-automated single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data analysis workflow which allows (1) preprocessing from raw UMI count data, (2) harmonization by one or multiple methods, (3) reference-dataset-based cell type label transfer and embedding projection, (4) multi-sample, multi-condition single-cell level differential gene expression analysis, and (5) seamless integration with cellxgene VIP for visualization and with CellDepot for data hosting and sharing by generating compatible h5ad files.

Conclusions

We developed scRNASequest, an end-to-end pipeline for single-cell RNA-seq data analysis, visualization, and publishing. The source code under MIT open-source license is provided at https://github.com/interactivereport/scRNASequest. We also prepared a bookdown tutorial for the installation and detailed usage of the pipeline: https://interactivereport.github.io/scRNAsequest/tutorial/docs/. Users have the option to run it on a local computer with a Linux/Unix system including MacOS, or interact with SGE/Slurm schedulers on high-performance computing (HPC) clusters.
Excessive salt intake accelerates the progression of cerebral small vessel disease in older adults
Authors: Liu Di , Zhang Qin , Xing Shasha , Wei Fang , Li Ke , Zhao Yingxin , Zhang Hua , Gong Gary , Guo Yuqi , Liu Zhendong
Published: May 2023

Background

It is unclear whether excessive salt intake accelerates the progression of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). The major objective of this study was to investigate the harmful effect of excessive salt intake on the progression of CSVD in older individuals.

Methods

Between May 2007 and November 2010, 423 community-dwelling individuals aged 60 years and older were recruited from the Shandong area, China. Salt intake was estimated using 24-hour urine collection for 7 consecutive days at baseline. Participants were classified into low, mild, moderate and high groups according to the salt intake estimation. CSVD including white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), lacunes, microbleeds and an enlarged perivascular space (EPVS) were determined using brain magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

During an average of five years of follow-up, the WMH volume and WMH-to-intracranial ratio were increased in the four groups. However, the increasing trends in the WMH volume and WMH-to-intracranial ratio were significantly faster in the higher salt intake groups compared with the lower salt intake groups (Padjusted < 0.001). The cumulative hazard ratios of new-incident WMHs (defined as those with Fazekas scale scores ≥ 2), new-incident lacunes, microbleeds or an EPVS, as well as composites of CSVD, were respectively 2.47, 2.50, 3.33, 2.70 and 2.89 for the mild group; 3.72, 3.74, 4.66, 4.01 and 4.49 for the moderate group; and 7.39, 5.82, 7.00, 6.40 and 6.61 for the high group, compared with the low group after adjustment for confounders (Padjusted < 0.001). The risk of new-incident WMHs, lacunes, microbleeds or an EPVS, and composites of CSVD was significantly increased with each 1-standard-deviation increment in salt intake (Padjusted < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our data indicates that excessive salt intake is an important and independent contributor to the progression of CVSD in older adults.
Gitelman syndrome with Graves’ disease leading to rhabdomyolysis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Xu Jing , He Juan , Xu Shujing , Wang Rui , Peng Nianchun , Zhang Miao
Published: May 2023

A 14-year-old male patient who suffered from limb numbness, fatigue, and hypokalemia was considered Graves’ disease (GD) complicated with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) at the first diagnosis. Although with the treatment of antithyroid drugs, he developed severe hypokalemia and rhabdomyolysis (RM). Further laboratory tests revealed hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria, metabolic alkalosis, hyperrenin, and hyperaldosteronemia. Genetic testing revealed compound heterozygous mutations in the SLC12A3 gene (c.506-1G > A, c.1456G > A) encoding the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter, which presented a definitive diagnosis of Gitelman syndrome (GS). Moreover, gene analysis revealed his mother diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis carried the c.506-1G > A heterozygous mutation in the SLC12A3 gene and his father carried the c.1456G > A heterozygous mutation in the SLC12A3 gene. His younger sister who had hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia carried the same compound heterozygous mutations as the proband and was diagnosed with GS as well, but with a much milder clinical presentation and better treatment outcome. This case suggested the potential relationship between GS and GD, clinicians should strengthen the differential diagnosis to avoid missed diagnosis.
A non-inferiority randomized phase III trial of standard immunotherapy by checkpoint inhibitors vs. reduced dose intensity in responding patients with metastatic cancer: the MOIO protocol study
Authors: Gravis Gwenaelle , Marino Patricia , Olive Daniel , Penault-LLorca Frederique , Delord Jean-Pierre , Simon Clotilde , Lamrani-Ghaouti Assia , Sabatier Renaud , Ciccolini Joseph , Boher Jean-Marie
Published: May 2023

Background

Immunotherapy (IO) has become a standard of care for treating various types of metastatic cancers and has significantly improved clinical outcome. With the exception of metastatic melanoma in complete response for which treatment can be stopped at 6 months, these treatments are currently administered until either disease progression for some IO, 2 years for others, or unacceptable toxicity. However, a growing number of studies are reporting maintenance of response despite discontinuation of therapy. There is currently no evidence of a dose effect of IO in pharmacokinetic studies. Maintaining efficacy despite a reduction in treatment intensity by decreasing the frequency of administration in patients with highly selected metastatic cancer, is the hypothesis evaluated in the MOIO study.

Method/design

This non-inferiority, randomized phase III study aims to compare the standard regimen to a 3 monthly regimen of variousIO drugs in adult patients with metastatic cancer in partial (PR) or complete response (CR) after 6 months of standard IO dosing (except melanoma in CR). This is a French national study conducted in 36 centers. The main objective is to demonstrate that the efficacy of a three-monthly administration is not unacceptably less efficacious than a standard administration. Secondary objectives are cost-effectiveness, quality of life (QOL), anxiety, fear of relapse, response rate, overall survival and toxicity.

After 6 months of standard IO, patients with partial or complete response will be randomized 1:1 between standard IO or a reduced intensity dose of IO, administered every 3 months. The randomization will be stratified on therapy line,, tumor type, IO type and response status. The primary endpoint is the hazard ratio of progression-free survival. With a planned study duration of 6 years, including 36 months enrolment time, 646 patients are planned to demonstrate with a statistical level of evidence of 5% that the reduced IO regimen is non-inferior to the standard IO regimen, with a relative non-inferiority margin set at 1.3.

Discussion

Should the hypothesis of non-inferiority with an IO reduced dose intensity be validated, alternate scheduling could preserve efficacy while being cost-effective and allowing a reduction of the toxicity, with an increase in patient’s QOL.

Trial registration

NCT05078047.
Evaluation of biometric indicators of anterior segment parameters after ICL implantation by swept-source optical coherence tomography
Authors: Tang Chuhao , Sun Tong , Sun Zhengze , Duan Hongyu , Liu Yilin , Zhao Lu , Li Wenlong , Bian Linbo , Qi Hong
Published: May 2023

Background

To evaluate anterior segment structural alterations after implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation in myopic patients using swept-source quantitative optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Methods

This prospective study included 47 eyes in 24 patients with preoperative spherical equivalent ≥ -3.00 D. Patients underwent ICL implantation at Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, from May 2021 to December 2022. SS-OCT was used to measure anterior chamber width (ACW), angle opening distance (AOD), angle recess area (ARA), trabecular-iris area (TISA), trabecular-iris angle (TIA), iridotrabecular contact (ITC) area, and ITC Index before ICL implantation surgery and at 1 month follow-up. The correlations among the ITC index, vault, and angle parameters were analysed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to explore the ability of the vault to identify eyes with suspected angle-closure.

Results

At one month following ICL implantation, the ITC area was 0.396 ± 0.37 mm2, and the ITC index is 8.143 ± 5.439%. All angle parameters, except ACW, showed a statistically significant reduction on SS-OCT (P < 0.05). Mean AOD500, AOD750, ARA500, ARA750, TISA500, TISA750, TIA500, and TIA750 values at one month postoperatively decreased by 60.0%, 60.4%, 58.1%, 59.2%, 57.3%, 58.7%, 48.8%, and 50.7%, respectively. The vault was positively correlated with the ITC index and percent change in anterior chamber angle parameters. A vault of > 0.659 mm was found to be optimal for angle-closure suspect with a sensitivity of 85.2% and a specificity of 53.9%.

Conclusions

Anterior chamber angle parameters decreased one month after ICL implantation, and their percentage changes and ITC index correlated with the vault. When the vault is larger than 0.659 mm, it is necessary to be alert to possible closed angle suspicion.
Candidate genes identification and RNA-seq based pathway analysis associated with primary angle-closure glaucoma with cataract
Authors: Liu Min , Hu Fei , Lei Caifeng , Fu Min , Li Xue , Yu Ling
Published: May 2023

Background

Cataract is commonly observed in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma; however, its underlying pathological mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to improve our knowledge on the pathological processes involved in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) by identifying potential prognostic genes associated with cataract progression.

Methods

Thirty anterior capsular membrane samples were collected from PACG patients with cataracts and age-related cataracts. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these two cohorts were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed to screen the DEGs, and potential prognostic markers and their coexpression network were then predicted by bioinformatic analyses. The DEGs were further validated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results

A total of 399 DEGs were found to be specifically associated with cataracts development in PACG patients, among which 177 and 221 DEGs were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. STRING and Cytoscape network analyses revealed seven genes—CTGF,FOS,CAV1,CYR61,ICAM1,EGR1, andNR4A1—that were remarkably enriched and mainly involved in the MAPK, PI3K/Akt, Toll-like receptor, and TNF signaling pathways. RT-qPCR-based validation further confirmed that the sequencing results were accurate and reliable.

Conclusions

Herein, we identified seven genes and their signaling pathways that may contribute to cataract progression in patients with high intraocular pressure. Taken together, our findings highlight new molecular mechanisms that may explain the high incidence of cataracts in PACG patients. In addition, the genes identified herein may represent new foundations for the development of therapeutic strategies for PACG with cataract.