bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Biodegradable Films Based on Natural Extract From the Waste: Corn‐Husk Derived Materials and Saffron Corm Starch
Authors: Sharayei Parvin , Niazmand Razieh , Sabeghi Yeganeh
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study was to develop biodegradable films with active properties by incorporating polyphenol‐rich waste corn lignin (CL) as antioxidants and blending it with saffron corm starch (SCS) using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC, derived from corn waste), or polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) as the matrix. The physicochemical and functional characteristics of the films were evaluated. The analysis of infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of interactions between the hydroxyl groups of SCS and the hydroxyl groups of PVOH, CMC, and CL. The results indicated that the concentrations of CMC and PVOH had a more significant effect on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of the films compared to the concentration of CL. Increasing CMC and PVOH concentrations resulted in notable improvements. The films became thicker, with a maximum increase of 0.7 mm. The tensile strength (TS) and radical scavenging activity (RSA) also experienced significant enhancements, with magnifications of 2.20 and 1.60 times, respectively. The relative solubility decreased by approximately 0.7 times, and the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the composite films was notably reduced by 1.47 units. The optimal conditions based on both individual and combinations of all process variables were 20% CMC and 0.3% lignin for SCS‐CMC films, and 20% PVOH and 0.257% lignin for SCS‐PVOH films. It was observed that the CMC‐SCS films experienced significant degradation above 90%. By utilizing corn lignin and saffron corm waste, sustainable and eco‐friendly solutions can be provided in food packaging.
Metastatic intrigue: Penile involvement in prostate cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation—A case report
Authors: Mete Uttam Kumar , Bhardwaj Neha , Srinivasan Radhika , Deshpande Rohit Sanjay
Published: January 2025

Background

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate is a rare tumor subtype found in the spectrum of prostate cancer, and is more difficult to detect, due to the low prostate‐specific antigen values associated with it. A high degree of suspicion is hence needed to arrive at the diagnosis in such cases. Even rarer is the presentation of this subtype with metastasis to the penis.

Case Presentation

A 61‐year‐old South Asian gentleman presented with a penile swelling which, on evaluation with prostate‐specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography‐computed tomography and fine‐needle aspiration cytology, turned out to be metastatic involvement from neuroendocrine‐prostate cancer. The patient received a combination of pelvic radiotherapy, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and chemotherapy which led to a resolution in the penile lump, but subsequent rapid renal metastasis ensued and second‐line chemotherapy was instituted.

Conclusion

Our case illustrates an extraordinary presentation of neuroendocrine prostate cancer with penile metastasis and urinary retention, showcasing the efficacy of radiotherapy and ADT, but also rapid progression to the viscera, underscoring the complexity of this malignancy.
Ovine Toxoplasmosis Sero‐Status, Risk Factors Analysis, and Estimation of Haematological and Serum Biochemical Alterations
Authors: Hassan Abdullah Shadan , Othman Dyary Hiewa , Ismael Dana Omer , Hasanvand Mohamad
Published: January 2025

Toxoplasmosis is a significant food‐borne protozoal disease in humans and animals. The study aimed to find out Toxoplasma seropositivity in sheep, estimate epidemiological risk factors and assess haemato‐biochemical parameter changes. Blood samples were collected from 276 indigenous sheep in five districts surrounding Sulaymaniyah Province in the northern region of Iraq. Toxoplasmosis was determined by detecting anti‐Toxoplasma antibodies by ELISA. The impact of various risk factors on seropositivity was evaluated. Haematological and serum biochemical changes from naturally infected sheep were analysed using commercial kits. The overall seroprevalence of Toxoplasma antibodies among the studied population was 41.67%. Sharazoor district had a higher prevalence rate of 46.15% than Bakrajo, with the lowest frequency rate of 38.18%. Ewes with an abortion history had a higher risk for seropositivity of about 47.4% (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 0.9–1.6). Sampling season and herd size are other risk factors, with higher seropositivity at 42.5% (OR = 1.1, 95% CI: 0.8–1.4) during the dry season and among small flocks ≤ 100 animals/farm at 43.6% (OR = 1.1, 95% CI: 0.7–1.4). Toxoplasma prevalence was correlated with animals' ages; a higher seropositivity of 43.3% was found among older sheep (OR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.6–1.2). Seropositive sheep had significantly higher total leukocyte, lymphocyte and granulocyte counts but significantly lower haemoglobin, haematocrit and total erythrocyte counts. The serum levels of total protein and albumin were significantly reduced, with increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations. Also, AST enzyme activity represents a higher value in positive sheep with toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasma infection among the ovine population is common. Its impact on livestock productivity should not be neglected. A potential risk for humans through infected sheep could be a hazardous source for public health.
Role of Industrial Artificial Intelligence in Advancing Human-Centric Sustainable Development of Industry 5.0
Authors: Enose Kamalabai Nampuraja , Hannola Lea , Donoghue Ilkka
Published: January 2025

While the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) promised to fundamentally change the industry in terms of its value creation in a sustainably responsible manner, its focus has largely been confined to technology adoption. It thereby focuses less on the original principles of sustainability, prompting industries worldwide to broaden their focus beyond productivity and profitability and achieve sustainable outcomes. The recent paradigm shifts have only brought to light the limits of such a techno-centric approach. The industry, therefore, acknowledges the necessity for a course correction, stimulating deliberations on the concepts of “Industry 5.0” and “Society 5.0,” underlining the real need to move beyond a technology-only purview, seeking to balance economics with social and environmental performance. Achieving this balance requires adaptation of the traditional linear model to a circular operational model while harnessing the foundational principles of Industry 4.0 to reflect changes through a circularly interconnected perspective. This shift involves advancing mutual cognitive coordination between humans and intelligent systems (cyber-physical systems), fostering resilience, sustainability, and a human-centric approach to technological development and implementation. This embodies the essence of Industry 5.0, a future evolution where human creativity collaborates alongside efficient, intelligent, and accurate machines, in the transition to a value-centric paradigm. While a standard approach to embedding these complexities is still developing, Industry 5.0 advocates using artificial intelligence (AI) as the backbone to transform human–machine interaction into a collaborative cognitive system. Together, they can drive a human-centric sustainable development within the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
Analysis of Digital Twin-Related Competences in Manufacturing
Authors: Timperi Mira , Kokkonen Kirsi , Donoghue Ilkka , Hannola Lea , Elfvengren Kalle
Published: January 2025

Digital transformation has enabled data-based digital technology solutions that provide value for manufacturing businesses. One example of such a solution is the digital twin (DT), a multipurpose virtual representation of a real-life product or process. In manufacturing, a DT solution can enhance production, maintenance, decision-making, training, and many other areas. However, in addition to the technological solution, companies need a wide range of competences, resources, and collaboration practices to manage and adopt the solution. Yet, companies do not always identify these prerequisites sufficiently, leading to unrealized potential and abandoned and expensive implementation pilots. This chapter aims to tackle the issue by investigating what competences are needed to utilize DTs in the manufacturing industry. The research method was qualitative; it consisted of semi-structured thematic interviews and focus group research among manufacturing professionals. Based on a literature review and empirical data analysis, a four-field framework with technological, cognitive, soft, and managerial competences was formed. The framework and its interdependent competence classes provide manufacturing professionals with a tool to estimate their situation and identify development areas when planning or adopting a DT solution. In addition, the results highlight the importance of sufficient resources, clear ownership, and comprehensive management of the planned solution.
Navigating the Innovation Process: Challenges Faced by Deep-Tech Startups
Authors: Kask Johan , Linton Gabriel
Published: January 2025

This study examines the challenges faced by deep technology (deep tech) startups in the innovation process, with a focus on the financing of their long and capital-intensive development processes. Two case companies were studied—Alpha Robotics and Beta Robotics—to analyze how their different approaches to the innovation process affected their ability to secure financing and commercialize their products. Results showed that Alpha Robotics’ product had widespread market interest, but difficulty charging a high margin on the product, while Beta Robotics had a more specific market, making it more difficult to secure customers. The research further highlighted the need for an effective innovation system that provides support for deep-tech companies in terms of funding, access to human capital, and resources for industrialization processes. To better support deep-tech startups, the innovation system should invest in innovation environments that have the breadth and depth of knowledge needed to identify any deficiencies in human capital and reduce information asymmetry. Finally, close cooperation with the startup company is essential to reduce the risks associated with the financing of deep-tech projects.
Biomechanics of flail chest injuries: tidal volume and respiratory work changes in multiple segmental rib fractures
Authors: Zierke Julian N. , Duda Georg N. , Braun Karl F. , Jaecker Vera , Stöckle Ulrich , Damm Philipp , Heyland Mark , Niemann Marcel
Published: January 2025

Background

Flail chest (FC) injuries are segmental osseous injuries of the thorax that typically result from high-energy blunt trauma and regularly occur in multiple trauma (MT) patients. FC injuries are associated with paradoxical chest wall movements and, thus, have a high risk of respiratory insufficiency or even death. An increasing number of studies recommend an early surgical stabilization of FC injuries, but a definite trigger that would indicate surgery has, thus far, not been identified.

Methods

Based on real-world injury computed tomography (CT) data, this study aimed to establish a finite elements (FE) model of a thorax simulating spontaneous breathing. The model is based on a 0.625 mm slice thickness CT data set. In this FE model, various FC injury patterns were implemented to examine the impact of an increasingly large flail segment on tidal volume and respiratory work. The impact of the segmental defect sizes on the outcome measures mentioned above was examined using correlation analyses.

Results

The FE model in this study reliably simulated the spontaneous breathing patterns of an actively breathing patient in an uninjured setting as a reference and showed clinically realistic movements of the flail segments for various injury settings. Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between the FC size and tidal volume (R2 = 0.852, p = 0.003), while absolute (R2 = 0.845, p = 0.0096) and relative loss (R2 = 0.844, p = 0.0096) of tidal volume concerning the intact model and the compensatory respiratory work required (R2 = 0.816, p = 0.0136) were positively correlated with FC size.

Conclusion

This study presents an FE model of the thorax of a patient who presented to our clinic as an MT patient with an FC injury. The FE model fulfills physiologic active breathing patterns and simulates an FC injury’s paradoxical movement, realistically depicting clinical observations. The FE model showed that the number of consecutive ribs involved in the flail segment and the length of the flail segment significantly impacted active breathing concerning tidal volumes and respiratory work. With this, we have made the first step to define a trigger for surgery.
In silico functional analysis of the human, chimpanzee, and gorilla MHC-A repertoires
Authors: Dodd Griffin Kutler , Keşmir Can
Published: January 2025

T cells recognize peptides displayed on the surface of cells on MHC molecules. Genetic variation in MHC genes alters their peptide-binding repertoire and thus influences the potential immune response generated against pathogens. Both gorillas and chimpanzees show reduced diversity at their MHC class I A (MHC-A) locus compared to humans, which has been suggested to be the result of a pathogen-mediated selective sweep. More specifically, gorillas lack A3 lineage alleles while chimpanzees seem to have lost the A2 lineage. While previous studies showed this using phylogenetic analysis, here, we take an in silico functional approach and use the peptide-MHC binding prediction software NetMHCpan to examine the peptide-binding repertoires of common human, chimpanzee, and gorilla MHC-A molecules. We find that both gorillas and chimpanzees lack the A02 peptide binding specificity (supertype) despite gorillas being expected to have this specificity since they kept the A2 lineage. Additionally, we show that human MHC molecules with the A02 specificity bind fewer virus-derived peptides than other MHC molecules. We also do not find differential presentation of self-peptides by the A02 supertype, making the purpose of maintaining this specificity in high frequencies in the human population unclear. Taken together, we hypothesize that poor presentation of viral peptides by A02 supertype MHC molecules could have resulted in a selective sweep in chimpanzees and/or gorillas, though we could not identify a specific virus that may have caused this sweep.
VEXAS syndrome: is it more a matter of inflammation or hematopoietic clonality? A case series approach to diagnosis, therapeutic strategies and transplant management
Authors: Costa Alessandro , Pilo Federica , Pettinau Martina , Piga Matteo , Carboni Pietro , Piras Eugenia , Targhetta Clara , Rojas Rodrigo , Deias Paola , Mulas Olga , Caocci Giovanni
Published: January 2025

VEXAS syndrome is a complex hemato-inflammatory disorder, driven by somatic mutations in the UBA1 gene within hematopoietic precursor cells. It is characterized by systemic inflammation, rheumatological manifestations, and frequent association with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We present a series of four VEXAS cases, all of which include concomitant MDS, each displaying distinct genetic signatures and clinical features at diagnosis, with a focus on their diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Our findings underscore the importance of extending UBA1 sequencing beyond exon 3 in cases with strong clinical suspicion. Given the rarity of non-canonical variants and the limited gene annotation, germline tissue control should be considered to differentiate somatic from germline mutations. Hematological management, including considerations for transplantation, was primarily guided by the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) for MDS due to the absence of a specific risk stratification system for VEXAS or therapy guidelines. A critical point of our discussion is the role of inflammation in the peri-transplant period; in one patient, the combination of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and high-dose corticosteroids before transplant was crucial in controlling inflammation, resulting in a successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In contrast, uncontrolled inflammation contributed to the peri-transplant death of another patient. These cases highlight the importance of effective inflammation management in optimizing HSCT outcomes. Additionally, our study emphasizes the urgent need for specific management guidelines for VEXAS syndrome, including a comprehensive risk stratification system and optimal timing for transplantation.
Self-management behaviors do not affect remission but mediate between mental health and disease outcomes in a longitudinal study of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Sweeney Melissa , Carpenter Lewis , de Souza Savia , Caton Emma , Galloway James , Cope Andrew , Yates Mark , Nikiphorou Elena , Norton Sam
Published: January 2025

Mental health has been shown to impact rheumatoid arthritis (RA) outcomes and is associated with self-management behaviors. The extent to which mental health impacts outcomes via different self-management behaviours has not been thoroughly investigated. Adult RA patients who were starting a new medication or dosage were recruited to a prospective cohort with follow-ups at 3 and 12-months covering clinical and patient-reported outcomes. The longitudinal relationships between mental health, self-management behaviors (diet, physical activity, sleep, smoking, alcohol, and medication nonadherence), disease outcome, and function were assessed. Self-management behaviors were considered mediators of mental health at baseline on outcomes at 3 and 12 months. Depression did not worsen the odds of EULAR response for the total PHQ at 3 months (OR = 0.96, p = 0.36) or 12 months (OR = 0.99, p = 0.99) nor for the categorical PHQ at 3 months (OR = 0.64, p = 0.34) or 12 months (OR = 0.67, p = 0.44). Anxiety also did not worsen the odds of EULAR response for the total GAD at 3 months (OR = 0.98, p = 0.76) or 12 months (OR1.04, 0.53) nor for the categorical GAD at 3 months (OR = 0.99, p = 0.99) or 12 months (OR = 0.94, p = 0.75). However, depression was associated with the DAS-28 at 3 months (b = 0.22, p = 0.04). Among the self-management behaviors, insomnia was found to be a significant mediator between depression and the WSAS (b = 0.08, p = 0.03) as well as anxiety and the WSAS (b = 0.07, p = 0.03). Alcohol was also a significant mediator between depression and the DAS-28 (b = 0.21, p = 0.04). Mental health was associated with worse quality of life and disease outcomes, but not EULAR response. Self-management behaviors were associated with disease outcomes and mental health.
Implementation of the 9th TNM for lung cancer: practical insights for radiologists
Authors: Argentieri Gianluca , Valsecchi Clara , Petrella Francesco , Jungblut Lisa , Frauenfelder Thomas , Del Grande Filippo , Rizzo Stefania
Published: January 2025

Lung cancer is the most common and deadly cancer worldwide. The 9th edition of the tumor node meta (TNM) classification system, effective from January 1, 2025, introduces significant updates. Notably, the N2 category is newly divided into N2a (single-station involvement) and N2b (multiple-station involvement), which reflects distinct prognostic implications. Additionally, the M1c category is now subcategorized into M1c1 (multiple metastases in a single organ system) and M1c2 (metastases in multiple organ systems), affecting stage classification. This reclassification allows for potential downstaging, which could expand treatment options for affected patients. Accurate imaging remains crucial for the classification of anatomical stages. As the TNM system evolves, enhanced imaging precision will play a key role in implementing these updates and ultimately improve patient outcomes.

Key Points

Question

The 9th TNM for lung cancer introduces changes in the N2 and M1c descriptors, to better align with new therapeutic options and outcome studies.

Findings

Proper knowledge of the key changes of the 9th TNM can help radiologists offer clinicians a meaningful report.

Clinical relevance

Radiologists should incorporate the 9th TNM classification into their reports and discussions in multidisciplinary meetings, thus ensuring a common language across disciplines to enable clearer communication with other specialists, supporting more precise and cohesive decision-making in patient care.
Adherence to multi-target stool DNA testing for colorectal cancer screening in the United States
Authors: Le Quang A. , Greene Mallik , Gohil Shrey , Ozbay A. Burak , Dore Michael , Fendrick A. Mark , Limburg Paul
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the USA and is highly preventable, with early screening vital for improving outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate adherence rates of multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA) testing, following updated guidelines recommending screening starting at age 45.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study used aggregated data from Exact Sciences Laboratories LLC, examining new users (first-time testers) aged 45–85 with commercial, Medicare, or Medicaid insurance who received mt-sDNA test kits (point-of-care) between January 1, 2023, and June 1, 2023. Adherence was defined as the percentage of eligible participants returning a valid non-empty test kit within 365 days of initial shipment date. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyze adherence.

Results

Among 1,557,915 patients, the overall adherence rate to mt-sDNA testing was 71.3% (commercial insurance 72.3%, Medicare Advantage 70.2%, Medicare 69.9%, Medicaid 52.0%) (p < 0.001). Females had slightly higher adherence than males, except for commercial insurance (72.2% vs. 72.6%, p < 0.001). Adherence was highest in commercial insurance for individuals aged 76–85 (79.2%, p < 0.001), gastroenterology patients (82.5%, p < 0.001), and rural residents (73.2%, p < 0.001), along with those in Medicare Advantage earning $200 K + (78.5%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Adherence to mt-sDNA testing was robust, particularly among individuals with commercial insurance, older adults, gastroenterology patients, higher income groups, and rural residents. With a 71% adherence rate, the test demonstrates substantial engagement and value in colorectal cancer screening. Future research should assess its long-term impact and address disparities to optimize its benefits.
Cost–consequence analysis of early vs. delayed natalizumab use in highly active relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: a simulation study
Authors: Inojosa Hernan , Schriefer Dirk , Ness Nils-Henning , Dillenseger Anja , Akgün Katja , Ziemssen Tjalf
Published: January 2025

Background

Natalizumab (NAT) is an established disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for highly active multiple sclerosis (MS). However, its use involves complex decision-making, often leading to initial use of lower efficacy therapies. Recently, the first biosimilar NAT was approved, enabling competitive pricing. This study assessed the societal implications of initiating NAT in various scenarios through a cost–consequence analysis.

Methods

A 10-year Markov model based on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was employed, with 11 health states, annual cycles, and half-cycle correction. The cohort had an initial age of 36 years and 70% females. NAT was compared to common initial therapies (glatiramer acetate, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate, and fingolimod). Scenarios included continuous use, early (after 1 year), and delayed (5 years) switch to NAT. Baseline characteristics and probabilities for clinical and economic outcomes were derived from clinical trial data, published literature, and other available sources.

Results

Continuous NAT use resulted in the highest time spent on low EDSS levels, fewer relapses, reduced years of life lost due to disability, and a higher employment rate over a 10-year period. Switching to NAT after 1 year yielded outcomes similar to continuous NAT use. Despite higher DMT costs, disease management costs, including indirect costs and non-DMT direct medical costs, were lower in continuous use and early switch to NAT. Late switching resulted in outcomes most comparable to continuous use of the initial DMT.

Conclusion

Continuous and early switch to NAT resulted in better clinical outcomes and lower societal economic burden compared to delayed NAT initiation, indicating potential long-term cost savings.
Type-based computation of knowledge graph statistics
Authors: Savnik Iztok , Nitta Kiyoshi , Skrekovski Riste , Augsten Nikolaus
Published: January 2025

We propose a formal model of a knowledge graph (abbr. KG) that classifies the ground triples into sets that correspond to the triple types. The triple types are partially ordered by the sub-type relation. Consequently, the sets of ground triples that are the interpretations of triple types are partially ordered by the subsumption relation. The types of triple patterns restrict the sets of ground triples, which need to be addressed in the evaluation of triple patterns, to the interpretation of the types of triple patterns. Therefore, a schema graph of a KG should include all triple types that are likely to be determined as the types of triple patterns. The stored schema graph consists of the selected triple types that are stored in a KG and the complete schema graph includes all valid triple types of KG. We propose choosing the schema graph, which consists of the triple types from a strip around the stored schema graph, i.e., the triple types from the stored schema graph and some adjacent levels of triple types with respect to the sub-type relation. Given a selected schema graph, the statistics are updated for each ground triple t from a KG. First, we determine the set of triple types stt from the schema graph that are affected by adding a triple t to an RDF store. Finally, the statistics of triple types from the set stt are updated.
Can’t you answer while you wait?
Authors: Cruz-Filipe Luís , Gaspar Graça , Nunes Isabel
Published: January 2025

Many modern-day systems rely on information that is constantly arriving, and they need to make decisions based on it – a problem known as continuous query answering. In many situations, these systems can benefit from identifying possible outcomes that are consistent with the data available so far. Such scenarios are called hypothetical answers, and previous work has defined them precisely and shown how they can be updated in step with the arrival of additional input. Most existing formalisms assume that data always arrives instantaneously, which is not realistic. In this work, we relax this problem by allowing data to arrive later, and potentially out of order. By revisiting the underlying intuitions in previous work, we develop a more general framework that supports communication delays. The interaction between communication delays and negation poses some challenging problems, which we address using fixpoint theory. We show that the relevant fixpoints can be computed in finite time by a carefully designed algorithm.
LGR5: An emerging therapeutic target for cancer metastasis and chemotherapy resistance
Authors: Wang Wanqi , Lokman Noor A. , Barry Simon C. , Oehler Martin K. , Ricciardelli Carmela
Published: January 2025

Cancer stem cells play an important role in tumor progression and chemotherapy resistance. Leucine-rich G repeat-containing protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) has been identified as a cancer stem cell marker in several cancer types. LGR5 is involved in cancer development and progression via several pathways including WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. LGR5 plays a role in tumor progression by promoting cancer cell migration, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis in many cancers including colorectal, brain, gastric, and ovarian cancer. This review summarises the current knowledge on the expression and functional role of LGR5 in cancers, the molecular mechanisms regulated by LGR5, and the relationship between LGR5 and chemotherapy resistance. The review also includes highlights potential strategies to inhibit LGR5 expression and function. The majority of functional studies have shown that LGR5 plays an important role in promoting cancer progression, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance however, in some contexts LGR5 can also activate tumor-suppressive pathways and LGR5 negative cells can also promote cancer progression. The review highlights that targeting LGR5 is a promising anti-cancer treatment but the functional effect of LGR5 on tumor cells is complex may be dependent on cancer type, tumor microenvironment and cross-talk with other molecules in the LGR5 signaling pathway.
Cooperative Learning in Higher Education Physics – A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Kilpeläinen-Pettersson Jasmin , Koskinen Pekka , Lehtinen Antti , Mäntylä Terhi
Published: January 2025

Due to the positive effects on students’ performance and social skills, student-centered instructional strategies such as cooperative learning are increasingly used in higher education. Although cooperative learning has been studied extensively, often these studies cannot be applied to the context of higher education physics due to differences in the nature of the disciplines and educational levels. In order to highlight research focusing explicitly on higher education physics and thus enable physics instructors to take full advantage of cooperative learning, a review of recent research is necessary. Using three databases and including peer-reviewed journal articles published after 2010 that focused on cooperative learning in physics in higher education, a total of 50 articles were analysed to examine 1) what kind of cooperative learning strategies and 2) what kind of tasks have been used recently in the context of higher education physics, and 3) how the advantages of cooperative learning is justified. The results show that the two most common strategies, i.e. Learning Together and Group Investigation, covered most of the studies reviewed. The tasks given to students highlighted the experimental and conceptual nature of physics knowledge, even though many cooperative learning strategies were developed for different disciplinary contexts. Several arguments for the advantages of cooperative learning were identified, showing that although learning is an intraindividual process, the presence of peers and the external learning setting can also influence the outcome. Based on the findings, suggestions are made for future research and application of cooperative learning in higher education physics.
On case-copying reflexives
Authors: Messick Troy , Raghotham Sreekar
Published: January 2025

While it is well-known that local anaphors match their antecedents in ϕ-features in many languages, it has been suggested that the form of anaphors is insensitive to the morphological case of their antecedent. We show that this is not the case for local complex reflexives (and reciprocals) in Telugu. Pieces of these elements must match in case features with their antecedents. We provide the first in-depth description and analysis of this type of reflexive. Our analysis bears on the structure of complex anaphors, the relation between anaphors and intensifiers in some languages, and the syntactic mechanisms that allow feature sharing.
Characterizing biomarkers of ageing in Singaporeans: the ABIOS observational study protocol
Authors: Lu Jessica K. , Wang Weilan , Soh Janjira , Sandalova Elena , Lim Zhi Meng , Seetharaman Santosh Kumar , Han Jing-Dong Jackie , Teo Desmond B. , Kennedy Brian K. , Goh Jorming , Maier Andrea B.
Published: January 2025

Ageing is the primary driver of age-associated chronic diseases and conditions. Asian populations have traditionally been underrepresented in studies understanding age-related diseases. Thus, the Ageing BIOmarker Study in Singaporeans (ABIOS) aims to characterise biomarkers of ageing in Singaporeans, exploring associations between molecular, physiological, and digital biomarkers of ageing. This is a single-centre, cross-sectional study that recruits healthy community-dwelling adults (≥ 21 years) from three different ethnic groups (Chinese, Malay, and Indian). Molecular biomarkers of ageing include multi-omics approaches, such as DNA methylation analysis and metabolic and inflammatory proteomic profiling in blood, saliva, and stool. Physiological biomarkers of ageing include bone density, body composition, skin autofluorescence, arterial stiffness, physical performance (e.g., muscle strength and flexibility), cognition, and nutritional status. Digital biomarkers of ageing include three-dimensional facial morphology and objectively measured physical activity. Additional measures, such as habitual physical activity, dietary patterns, and medical history, are also examined. The associations between the molecular, physiological, and digital phenotypes will be explored. This study is expected to generate a comprehensive profile of molecular, physiological, and digital biomarkers of ageing in Chinese, Malay, and Indian populations in Singapore. By integrating diverse age-related biomarkers, clinical indicators, and lifestyle factors, ABIOS will offer unique insights into the ageing process specific to Southeast Asian populations. These findings can help identify markers of biological ageing, uncover ethnic-specific patterns, and reveal modifiable lifestyle factors for healthier ageing. The results could inform evidence-based health policies, personalized interventions, and future cross-ethnic comparative studies to enhance understanding of ageing biology across diverse populations.
Intertwining Perspectives on Happiness and Well-Being to Explain the Rise of Creative Cities
Authors: Popescu Irina Alina , Reis Mourão Paulo
Published: January 2025

The concept of well-being has garnered significant attention across diverse academic disciplines due to its important role in understanding quality of life and societal progress. In this study, well-being is studied through various strands, including objective well-being based on the fulfilment of basic human needs, subjective well-being encompassing positive mental states, and the capability approach assessing individuals’ opportunities and freedoms. This study aims to investigate the emergence of creative cities within an international context through the theoretical frameworks of happiness and well-being by examining country-specific factors such as happiness, life satisfaction, freedom of choice, innovation, and economic inequality in relation to the number of creative cities designated by the UNESCO Creative Cities Network. Employing Poisson regression methodologies on data from international organizations, our findings reveal positive associations between happiness and life satisfaction with the number of creative cities, while economic inequality within a country slightly negatively impacts the emergence of creative cities. The paper ends with a discussion of the results and proposes future avenues for research and several policy implications.
Phylogeny and taxonomy of four Ramularia species on trees and shrubs
Authors: Bakhshi Mounes , Zare Rasoul , Druzhinina Irina S.
Published: January 2025

Ramularia is a species-rich genus in the order Mycosphaerellales (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) that includes numerous phytopathogenic taxa which cause typical leaf spots, necrosis, or chlorosis on woody and herbaceous plants. During survey of ramularioid fungi causing leaf spot symptoms in northern Iran, several Ramularia isolates were identified from symptomatic leaves on woody plants. A polyphasic approach, combining morphological observations, cultural data, and multigene phylogeny (ITS, ACT, TEF1-α, HIS, and GAPDH), was used to classify these isolates. The isolates were grouped in four species clades including, R. eucalypti on Rubus criticus and R. discolor; R. glennii on Acer palmatum, Alnus subcordata, Eriobotrya japonica, Eucalyptus sp., Ligustrum vulgare, Punica granatum, and Viburnum opulus; R. vizellae on Zelkova carpinifolia; and a new species Ramularia zelkovae on Zelkova carpinifolia. Notably, R. eucalypti and R. vizellae are new records for the funga of Asia. Additionally, Rubus criticus and R. discolor are newly documented hosts for R. eucalypti while, Zelkova carpinifolia is a new host for R. vizellae. Acer palmatum, Alnus subcordata, Eriobotrya japonica, Ligustrum vulgare, Punica granatum, and Viburnum opulus are reported as new hosts of R. glennii.
Morse index for homothetic motions in the gravitational n-body problem
Authors: Ou Yuwei , Portaluri Alessandro
Published: January 2025

In the gravitation n-body Problem, a homothetic orbit is a special solution of the Newton’s Equations of motion, in which each body moves along a straight line through the center of mass and forming at any time a central configuration. In 2020, Portaluri et al. proved that under a spectral gap condition on the limiting central configuration, known in literature as non-spiraling or [BS]-condition, the Morse index of an asymptotic colliding motion is finite. Later Ou et al. proved this result for other classes of unbounded motions, e.g. doubly asymptotic motions (e.g. doubly homothetic motions). In this paper, we prove that for a homothetic motion, irrespective of how large the index of the limiting central configuration and how large the energy level is, the following alternative holds: if the non-spiraling condition holds then the Morse index is 0 otherwise it is infinite.
The Effects of Motivational Interviewing on Promoting Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Initiation and Completion Among South Asian Mother/Daughter Dyads: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Chan Dorothy Ngo Sheung , Choi Kai Chow , Lee Pinky Pui Kay , So Winnie Kwok Wei
Published: January 2025

Background

Vaccination against HPV is an effective strategy for the prevention of HPV infection and cervical cancer. Nevertheless, the HPV vaccine uptake rate is low among ethnic minorities in Hong Kong. This study sought to assess the feasibility and acceptability of motivational interviewing among South Asian mother–daughter dyads and to preliminarily examine its effects on knowledge of HPV infection and vaccination, health beliefs, intention to have the daughters vaccinated, and initiation and completion of HPV vaccine series.

Methods

This was a pilot randomised controlled trial. Forty South Asian mothers with at least one daughter aged 9 to 17 years were recruited. The intervention group received a motivational interviewing intervention whereas the control group received usual care. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on the participants’ characteristics and selected outcome variables. Bias-corrected Hedges’ g and rate difference together with their 95% confidence intervals were calculated to estimate the effect sizes of the intervention on the outcomes The acceptability was assessed via semi-structured interviews.

Results

A larger proportion of the daughters of the intervention group participants had received the first dose of HPV vaccine (95% [19 out of 20]) vs 0% [0 out of 20]). The intervention group showed greater improvement in knowledge at 3 months after the intervention (Hedges’ g = 0.77 (95%CI:0.13–1.41)). Most interviewees were satisfied with the intervention.

Conclusion

The intervention was feasible and acceptable. The intervention can help to increase South Asian mothers’ knowledge and to increase the initiation of HPV vaccine series by their daughters.

Trial registration

This study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100052751) on 5 November 2021.
Towards an Optimal Renewable Energy Mix for the European Union: Enhancing Energy Security and Sustainability
Authors: Osuma Godswill , Yusuf Nadia
Published: January 2025

This research investigates he optimal renewable energy mix for the European Union to enhance its energy security and sustainability. Using panel data from 2012 to 2022, covering 26 EU countries, the following estimation techniques are applied: ordinary least squares, fixed effect regression, and the two-step generalised method of moments. The findings highlight wind energy as a critical component in the EU’s energy strategy due to its consistently positive impact on the energy mix. The results also reveal challenges in integrating solar photovoltaic energy, largely due to regional disparities in solar irradiance and high initial infrastructure costs. Accordingly, foreign direct investment does not significantly impact the energy mix, suggesting a need for better alignment between investment flows and energy policies. In the context of past energy infrastructure decisions continuously influencing the current energy mix, we emphasise the importance of continuity in energy policy. These insights can inform policymakers in refining the EU’s energy strategy as the latter strives to meet its 2030 and 2050 climate and energy targets aligning with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action).
Mapping of surface deformation associated with the 7.8 magnitude Turkey earthquake of 6 Feb 2023 using radar interferometry
Authors: Ibrahim Heba Basyouni , Salah Mahmoud , Zarzoura Fawzi Hamed Fawzi , El-Mewafi Mahmoud
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study was to assess the surface deformation caused by the earthquake that occurred on February 6, 2023, in Turkey, utilizing Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) photos and Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) techniques to show how the 7.8-magnitude earthquake that struck Turkey caused surface deformation. For the analysis, it was necessary to compute the displacement in the vertical direction for both the deformation before and after removing low coherence (coherence of less than 0.23) in order to minimize misinterpretations caused by phase decorrelation. When the mask was removed, the displacement measured anywhere from − 420 mm to + 713 mm, but when the coherence was increased to 0.23, it measured anywhere from − 330 mm to 700 mm. The greatest positive surface deformation (uplift) regions are visible in the northern, central, and southern regions, while negative surface deformation (subsidence) is visible in the regions of the south-east and south-west of the image. The epicentre of the earthquake is most likely located west of Gaziantep in Gaziantep Province and Ekin Ozu District in Maraş Province, where the earthquake was devastating. InSAR technology is appealing for long-term measuring performance of deformations due to the rising accessibility of civilian radar satellites and the quick development of digital signal analysis, and InSAR has the potential to be used at the network level since it can monitor surface displacements at a millimetre scale over a huge geographical mass.
Environmental behavior of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and the potential role of biochar for its remediation: a review
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Zhang Haiyan , He Lizhi , Wang Jie , Wang Shuo , Shi Xiaoyu , Zhang Xiaokai , Wang Hailong , He Feng
Published: January 2025

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), commonly known as ‘‘forever chemicals’’, are persistent organic pollutants that are widely distributed in the environment. Due to their toxicity and resistance to degradation, PFASs are classified as emerging contaminants, and increasing attention is being paid to their remediation. Biochar, an environmentally friendly and cost-effective adsorbent, shows potential for remediating PFASs contamination. The application of biochar for PFASs remediation has garnered growing interest. Compared to other adsorbents, biochar is more economical and the raw materials for its preparation are more readily available. However, there is currently no comprehensive review summarizing the effects of biochar on the environmental behavior of PFASs. This review aims to fill that gap by providing an in-depth discussion and synthesis of the existing literature in this area. It focuses on the environmental behavior of PFASs, specifically addressing the adsorption mechanisms and factors influencing the effectiveness of biochar in PFASs remediation. A proposed mechanism by which biochar photodegrades PFASs through the generation of free radicals, in addition to conventional adsorption mechanisms (such as pore filling, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic interactions), is explored. Furthermore, this review discusses the ability of biochar to reduce the likelihood of PFASs entering the food chain through water and soil and evaluates the feasibility and limitations of using biochar for PFASs removal. Finally, we identify future research directions to support the safe and effective use of biochar for PFASs remediation, so as to promote the advancement of green remediation technologies.

Graphic Abstract
Collaborative navigation method based on adaptive time-varying factor graph
Authors: Wang H. , Hu L. , Tao J.
Published: January 2025

Aiming at the problems of poor coordination effect and low positioning accuracy of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) formation cooperative navigation in complex environments, an adaptive time-varying factor graph framework UAV formation cooperative navigation algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm uses the factor graph to describe the relationship between the navigation state of the UAV fleet and its own measurement information as well as the relative navigation information, and detects the relative navigation information at each moment by the double-threshold detection method to update the factor graph model at the current moment. And the robust estimation is combined with the factor graph, and the weight function measurements are used in the construction of the factor nodes for adaptive adjustment to make the system highly robust. The simulation results show that the proposed method realises the effective fusion of airborne multi-source sensing information and relative navigation information, which effectively improves the UAV formation cooperative navigation accuracy.
Development and validation of an antibiotic appropriateness metric for urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis in ambulatory settings
Authors: Keintz Mackenzie R. , Alexander Bryan T. , Fagan Katherine , Van Schooneveld Trevor C.
Published: January 2025

Ambulatory antibiotic stewardship has traditionally focused on acute respiratory infections with few studies evaluating metrics for other commonly encountered ambulatory conditions, including urinary tract infections (UTI). We describe the development and validation of an electronically captured appropriate antibiotic use metric for ambulatory UTIs using coding data.