bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delivering a Behavior-Change Weight Management Program to Teachers and State Employees in North Carolina
Authors: Dunn Carolyn , Whetstone Lauren MacKenzie , Kolasa Kathryn M. , Jayaratne K. S. U. (Jay) , Thomas Cathy , Aggarwal Surabhi , Herget Casey , Rogers Anne B.
Published: March 2013

Purpose.

To ascertain the effectiveness of a behavior-change weight management program offered to teachers and state employees in North Carolina (NC).

Design.

Fifteen-week weight management program with premeasures and postmeasures.

Setting.

State agencies and public K-12 schools in five NC counties.

Subjects.

A total of 2574 NC state employees enrolled in 141 classes.

Intervention.

Eat Smart, Move More, Weigh Less (ESMMWL) is a 15-week weight management program delivered by trained instructors. Lessons inform, empower, and motivate participants to live mindfully as they make choices about eating and physical activity.

Measures.

Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, confidence in ability to eat healthy and be physically active, changes in eating, and physical activity behaviors.

Analysis.

Descriptive statistics, t-tests, χ2 tests, and analyses of variance.

Results.

Data are reported for 1341 participants in ESMMWL who completed the program, submitted an evaluation, and had not participated in the program in the past; 89% were female and mean age was 48.8 years. Average BMI and waist circumference decreased significantly. Confidence in eating healthfully and being physically active increased significantly. The percentage of participants with a BMI < 30 kg/m2 increased from 40% to 45% and those with a normal blood pressure increased from 23% to 32.5%. Participants reported being more mindful of what and how much they ate (92%), being more mindful of how much daily physical activity they got (88%), and eating fewer calories (87.3%).

Conclusion.

This project demonstrated the feasibility of implementing a behavior change–based weight management program at the worksite to achieve positive outcomes related to weight, blood pressure, healthy eating, and physical activity behaviors. Programs such as this have the potential to provide health care cost savings.
Media Coverage and Awareness of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and MyPlate
Authors: Epstein Shoshana B. , Jean-Pierre Kaleena , Lynn Stefanie , Kant Ashima K.
Published: March 2013

Purpose.

To examine the extent and content of coverage of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) and MyPlate in selected mass media outlets and to determine the prevalence of awareness of this recent guidance among adults.

Design.

Qualitative content analysis of media coverage, from January 2011 to October 2011, and a cross-sectional survey of the 2010 DGA and MyPlate.

Setting.

Large metropolitan area.

Participants.

Four major newspapers (New York Times, Wall Street Journal, New York Daily News, and New York Post), three network television channels (ABC, CBS, and NBC), and six print magazines (Cooking Light, Ebony, Essence, Jet, O! The Oprah Magazine, and Shape). Adults aged ≥ 50 years (n = 200), college students (n = 219), and African-American women (n = 167); response rates > 70%.

Methods.

Number and content of news stories and self-administered survey of prevalence of awareness of DGA and MyPlate.

Results.

Twelve newspaper, 14 television, and two magazine stories covered the 2010 DGA and MyPlate. The DGA coverage emphasized population-group–specific sodium recommendations, and MyPlate coverage emphasized the plate icon. Awareness of the DGA and MyPlate varied from approximately 6% in college students to 22% among ≥ 50-year-olds.

Conclusion.

The newspapers and television (but not magazines) covered both the 2010 DGA and MyPlate; the content was accurate but brief. However, the awareness of this guidance in study samples was low.
Las identidades escolares y sociales de los jóvenes marroquíes en Cataluña (España)
Authors: Pamies Rovira Jordi
Published: March 2013

Este artículo analiza los contextos escolares y sociales que condicionan las experiencias de los jóvenes marroquíes en Cataluña (España) Al situar en una posición central del análisis el impacto que sobre los procesos de construcción de sus identidades tienen los límites y las barreras – objetivos u objetivables – existentes, se abordan las dificultades específicas a las que estos jóvenes se enfrentan en la escuela y en lo social, así como las estrategias que sus familias impulsan para mitigar los efectos que consideran nocivos en los nuevos entornos. Para ello se revisan brevemente algunas aportaciones de la literatura de investigación etnográfica sobre identidad, educación e inmigración.
Los locutorios como espacios de integración: las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en la construcción de redes e identidades
Authors: Martínez Luz María , Peñaranda-Cólera María Carmen , Vitores Anna , Iñiguez-Rueda Lupicinio
Published: March 2013

La acelerada y masiva implementación de las TIC en las sociedades contemporáneas pone de manifiesto el papel cada vez más relevante que éstas están tomando, no sólo como medio de acceso a la información, sino especialmente como forma de integración y participación ciudadana en un mundo de carácter glocal. De ahí que los espacios de acceso público a las TIC (cibercafés, bibliotecas, telecentros o locutorios) aparezcan como enclaves esenciales en los que indagar el impacto social que producen las nuevas tecnologías en sujetos y colectivos, así como para analizar las apropiaciones que sus usuarios/as hacen de las TIC, especialmente aquellas dirigidas a generar y consolidar redes sociales. En este artículo, tras revisar la literatura científico-social de los principales lugares de acceso público a TIC, nos acercaremos concretamente a los espacios denominados locutorios, tratando sus características y las formas específicas de vinculación y relación que sus usuarios/as más frecuentes, la población migrante, establece en ellos. De esta forma, el locutorio es tratado como un lugar-metáfora de los procesos migratorios en un mundo globalizado. En la discusión defenderemos el concepto de estación de asociaciones como útil antropológico para caracterizarlos.
Reflexiones en torno a la masculinidad hegemónica en niños de una escuela rural en Chile
Authors: Ramírez Pavelic Mónica , Contreras Salinas Sylvia
Published: March 2013

Este artículo está basado en una investigación realizada con niños de sectores rurales, que viven en una escuela/internado perteneciente a una comunidad rural de la IX región de la Araucanía/Chile. Se utilizó una metodología de tipo cualitativa con grupos de discusión. Se trabajó con 6 niños con edades comprendidas entre 8 y 13 años. En este artículo revisamos los conceptos de género y masculinidad construido por ellos, las creencias relacionadas con el ser hombre y ser mujer, como se relacionan con las niñas/mujeres y las posiciones que adoptan al respecto en el discurso. Dentro de las conclusiones destaca la primacía de un código negativo en la constitución de la masculinidad, enmarcado en las situaciones particulares del entorno rural y del sistema de internado.
La puesta en valor de las montañas: La renovación económica, social y política
Authors: Sanz Tolosana Elvira
Published: March 2013

El mundo rural europeo ha experimentado una transformación profunda en las últimas décadas, y dentro de éste y de forma especial las áreas de montaña. Es el resultado de una renovación de las actividades económicas y de los oficios ligada especialmente a la generalización de valores post-materialistas (medioambientales, calidad, etc.) y a la demanda social, como es el caso del turismo rural o de la apreciación de los productos agroalimentarios. Las sociedades rurales se constituyen en centros receptores de nuevos residentes, lo que implica nuevos estilos de vida, intereses, representaciones, etc. Que proyectan una nueva vitalidad a las comunidades locales. De forma sintetizada, podemos decir que se trata de una renovación económica, social, ideológica y política. Una  renaissance de las zonas de montaña que genera nuevas oportunidades de revitalización social y económica pero también nuevos desafíos.
Docentes rurales, infancia y adolescencia mapuche
Authors: Williamson Guillermo , Pérez Isolde , Collia Guillermo , Modesto Francisca , Raín Nilsa
Published: March 2013

El artículo presenta -sin ánimo de generalizar- opiniones recogidas de profesores y profesoras de escuelas rurales de la Región de La Araucanía respecto de la infancia y adolescencia mapuche y de algunos aspectos de su vida. Desde un estudio exploratorio se recoge información sobre las opiniones docentes respecto de la participación, aspiraciones de los padres sobre sus hijos, educación intercultural bilingüe (EIB), crianza mapuche y discriminación. Se investigó en territorios de las identidades mapuche pewenche, nagche, wenteche y lafquenche de la Región, desde un recorrido de campo que buscó levantar información inicial sobre temas relevantes que pudieran conformar una visión amplia de la infancia y adolescencia mapuche en La Araucanía. De esta manera, se espera contribuir a una mejor organización curricular y práctica pedagógica en la educación en general y educación intercultural bilingüe en particular.
El valor de la cognición y de la afectividad para el análisis psico-colectivo
Authors: Rodriguez Gabriela , Juárez Carlos , Ponce Maria del Consuelo
Published: March 2013

En el presente documento se delinean los elementos que llevan a considerar la realidad psico-colectiva como hecha de comunicación cotidiana, donde se conjugan los afectos y las cogniciones que le dan sentido. Esta realidad está hecha de comunicación intersubjetiva desde el principio de experiencia compartida y de desarrollo de sentido común. Su ofrecimiento es la posibilidad de transformar, aprender, construir, de asimilar la cultura de la organización, en el entendido que la realidad colectiva no solamente está constituida de acción recíproca entre dos o más objetos, sino también de coincidencia en el tiempo y espacio. La lectura psico-colectiva que se propone permite distinguir la dicotomía individuo-sociedad y recuperar la lectura terciaria que considera a lo otro, (cultural, contexto) para encontrar el sentido de lo colectivo.
El Talento: Una construcción en y desde la pedagogía dialógica
Authors: Andreucci Paola
Published: March 2013

En este trabajo se aborda una concepción relacional del talento. Se discute argumentativamente nociones tradicionales del talento y se las contrapone a las relacionales y dialógicas, a objeto de visualizar sus posibilidades y limitaciones en el ámbito pedagógico. En este planteamiento crítico se recurre a diversos aportes de la investigación conceptual y empírica, desde la perspectiva de la pedagogía e interacción dialógicas. El objetivo es reparar en el sujeto plural, contrapuesto a uniforme, estructurado o cristalizado. Este sujeto plural actúa y se constituye en y por el encuentro discursivo-dialógico con otro talentoso, en la pluralidad de voces que ofrecen los distintos agentes interactuantes -en el sentido pedagógico a ilustrar en este trabajo-. Se cuestiona la noción de enseñanza efectiva descontextualizada de las condiciones, predisposiciones y campo crítico del aula, en el cual se juega la microgénesis de las desigualdades académicas de los interactuantes.
Análisis crítico de la Ley de Violencia Escolar de Chile
Authors: Carrasco Claudia , López Verónica , Estay Camilo
Published: March 2013

En Chile se promulgó en el año 2011 la Ley de Violencia Escolar tras un debate parlamentario de tres proyectos previos. Este artículo presenta los resultados de un análisis de esta ley, usando el análisis crítico documental como herramienta de análisis. Los resultados indican el ejercicio de un poder disciplinario y la prescripción de una vigilancia jerárquica por parte de los adultos que trabajan en la escuela. Se evidencian técnicas de distribución de los individuos frente a la sanción normalizadora, donde el estudiante es visibilizado con fines punitivos, graduándose sus faltas con consecuencias que podrían llegar a la exclusión escolar y social. La convivencia escolar es concebida como un factor situacional que inhibe la violencia. Su responsabilidad recae en los adultos trabajadores de la escuela, invisibilizando la co-construcción y, por tanto, la co-responsabilidad de alumnos y apoderados. El efecto discursivo es la naturalización de la racionalidad penal por sobre la pedagógica, lo que resta valor a la función formativa de la escuela.
Tensiones y Proyecciones en la Modernización de la Gestión Pública: Discusión desde una perspectiva histórico-cultural
Authors: Díaz Carlos
Published: March 2013

Todo parece indicar que el mundo de la gestión organizacional se encuentra aun bajo el traumático impacto de la gran crisis petrolera de los años ’70 del siglo pasado, la que gatilló el paso de una economía fundamentalmente basada en la producción y transacción de commodities y la industria pesada, a una economía sustentada en la información, las comunicaciones y el mercado.   En efecto la crisis petrolera constituye un hito insoslayable cuando se requiere analizar el paso desde un énfasis en las variables asociadas a la producción de bienes a uno centrado en la eficiencia y la calidad de los servicios prestados a los clientes. Tal tendencia, apunta a marcar un movimiento sostenido hacia una creciente flexibilidad y ductibilidad de los procesos de producción de los propios productos así como de los servicios que prestan las organizaciones. Dicha trayectoria es, por ejemplo, patente en la hitos vividos por la naciente industria de la gestión de la información. Esta industria, floreciente tras el shock petrolero de la década de los 70, muestra un impactante cambio en su eje de desarrollo, pasando rápidamente desde un foco centrado en el hardware, a uno centrado en el software y más recientemente, desde este, al Internet y el desarrollo de redes virtuales (Bruun y Hukkinen, 2003)...
Desarrollo Humano, Oportunidades y expansión de las Subjetividades
Authors: González Sergio , Campos María , Cea Pablo , Parada Carlos
Published: March 2013

A partir del Informe de Desarrollo Humano 2009 del Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD) se analizan y sistematizan núcleos de contingencias ostaculizadoras para el avance de las política de desarrollo, en nuestro país, en el cruce de las condiciones y capacidades institucionales y la expansión actual de las Subjetividades.
Participación, Metodologías, Aprendizajes: Análisis de dispositivos específicos en el marco de las políticas recientes Argentinas.
Authors: Heras Ana , De la Riestra María , Burin David
Published: March 2013

Este escrito presenta un análisis de la participación en espacios convocados —supuestamente— para una mayor o menor incidencia en la definición de políticas públicas o de acciones para la construcción de una agenda social, tomando como referencia el contexto argentino. Partimos de referir algunos conceptos clave para luego describir dispositivos y metodologías de participación generados por técnicos y/o funcionarios gubernamentales, trabajando en conjunto y muchas veces desde programas o instituciones avaladas por organismos multilaterales de crédito, o por entidades principalmente norteamericanas y europeas de cooperación para el desarrollo. Luego presentamos el análisis de algunas técnicas y metodologías, elegidas por su enfoque y posibilidades de producir aprendizajes para quienes participan en ellas. Nos interesa destacar qué oportunidades de aprendizajes se presentan, para quiénes, y qué tipos de sujetos políticos suponen estas metodologías.
La modernidad y sus dilemas en la era del mercado: ¿Hay algún futuro posible?*
Authors: Ibarra Colado Eduardo
Published: March 2013

El trabajo discute a la globalización como el momento moderno que exacerba sus con- tradicciones, en tanto, proyecto civilizatorio basado en la ética de la dominación. Al iniciar en la conquista, se plantea la esencia de la modernidad como un proyecto basado en la fuerza y la violencia. Al imponerse hacia fuera, la modernidad inició sus propias disputas internas, que se tradujeron en la confrontación de dos proyectos, el basado en la razón instrumental y el mercado; y el basado en la razón de estado y la política. Estos proyectos y sus variaciones se han disputado la modernidad en los últimos doscientos años. Finalmente, se ha impuesto el primer proyecto. Sin embargo, se cuestiona la viabi- lidad de la globalización como proyecto sustentado en la violencia del mercado, pues la dominación ha dejado de tener viabilidad y sentido al conducir cada vez más, no al so- metimiento, sino a la destrucción. La construcción de una nueva ética basada en la de- fensa de la vida, el respeto de las diferencias y la negociación de acuerdos básicos que posibiliten la convivencia en la diversidad, se transforma en la única opción del futuro.
Percepciones sobre Violencia en el Ámbito Escolar y Gestión Directiva: Una Aproximación a partir de la Fase Cuantitativa de un estudio en la Región de Valparaíso
Authors: González Moris César
Published: March 2013

El presente artículo gira en torno a una de las problemáticas de las escuelas y liceos del país que causa mayor preocupación social e impacto en la opinión pública: la violencia en el ámbito escolar. Concretamente, el texto representa una difusión parcial de los resulta- dos de un estudio de naturaleza cuantitativa y cualitativa, desarrollado durante el año 2009 en establecimientos municipales de educación básica y media de la Región de Val- paraíso, sobre la incidencia de la gestión directiva en el fenómeno de la violencia en el ámbito escolar. Los resultados que se exponen son algunos de los hallazgos más relevan- tes relacionados con las percepciones de violencia en el ámbito escolar de los actores consultados (docentes y estudiantes) y su vinculación con los desafíos que ello conlleva a nivel de gestión directiva y política pública.
Atmospheric inversion of SO2 and primary aerosol emissions for the year 2010
Authors: Huneeus N. , Boucher O. , Chevallier F.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Natural and anthropogenic emissions of primary aerosols and sulphur dioxide (SO2) are estimated for the year 2010 by assimilating daily total and fine mode aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite instrument into a global aerosol model of intermediate complexity. The system adjusts monthly emission fluxes over a set of predefined regions tiling the globe. The resulting aerosol emissions improve the model performance, as measured from usual skill scores, both against the assimilated observations and a set of independent ground-based measurements. The estimated emission fluxes are 67 Tg S yr−1 for SO2, 12 Tg yr−1 for black carbon (BC), 87 Tg yr−1 for particulate organic matter (POM), 17 Pg yr−1 for sea salt (SS, estimated at 80% relative humidity) and 1206 Tg yr−1 for desert dust (DD). They represent a difference of +53%, +73%, +72%, +1% and −8%, respectively, with respect to the first guess (FG) values. Constant errors throughout the regions and the year were assigned to the a priori emissions. The analysis errors are reduced for all species and throughout the year, they vary between 3% and 17% for SO2, 1% and 130% for biomass burning, 25% and 89% for fossil fuel, 1% and 200% for DD and 1% and 5% for SS. The maximum errors on the global-annual scale for the estimated fluxes (considering temporal error dependence) are 12% for SO2, 39% for BC, 41% for POM, 43% for DD and 40% for SS. These values represent a decrease as compared to the global-annual errors from the FG of 12% for SO2, 42% for BC, 47% for POM, 50% for DD and 95% for SS. The largest error reduction, both monthly and yearly, is observed for SS and the smallest one for SO2. The sensitivity and robustness of the inversion system to the choice of the first guess emission inventory is investigated by using different combinations of inventories for industrial, fossil fuel and biomass burning sources. The initial difference in the emissions between the various setups is reduced after the inversion. Furthermore, at the global scale, the inversion is sensitive to the choice of the BB inventory and not so much to the industrial and fossil fuel inventory. At the regional scale, however, the choice of the industrial and fossil fuel inventory can make a difference. The estimated baseline emission fluxes for SO2, BC and POM are within the estimated uncertainties of the four experiments. The resulting emissions were compared against projected emissions for the year 2010 for SO2, BC and POM. The new estimate present larger emissions than the projections for all three species, with larger differences for SO2 than POM and BC. These projected emissions are in general outside the uncertainties of the estimated emission inventories.
Measurements of nitrogen oxides and ozone fluxes by eddy covariance at a meadow: evidence for an internal leaf resistance to NO2
Authors: Stella P. , Kortner M. , Ammann C. , Foken T. , Meixner F. X. , Trebs I.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) plays an important role in atmospheric pollution, in particular for tropospheric ozone production. However, the removal processes involved in NO2 deposition to terrestrial ecosystems are still subject of ongoing discussion. This study reports NO2 flux measurements made over a meadow using the eddy covariance method. The measured NO2 deposition fluxes during daytime were about a factor of two lower than a priori calculated fluxes using the Surfatm model without taking into account an internal (also called mesophyllic or sub-stomatal) resistance. Neither an underestimation of the measured NO2 deposition flux due to chemical divergence or direct NO2 emission, nor an underestimation of the resistances used to model the NO2 deposition explained the large difference between measured and modelled NO2 fluxes. Thus, only the existence of the internal resistance could account for this large discrepancy between model and measurements. The median internal resistance was estimated to 300 s m−1 during daytime, but exhibited a large variability (100 s m−1 to 800 s m−1). In comparison, the stomatal resistance was only around 100 s m−1 during daytime. Hence, the internal resistance accounted for 50% to 90% of the total leaf resistance to NO2. This study presents the first clear evidence and quantification of the internal resistance using the eddy covariance method, i.e. plant functioning was not affected by changes of microclimatological (turbulent) conditions that typically occur when using enclosure methods.
Mid-pliocene Atlantic meridional overturning circulation not unlike modern?
Authors: Zhang Z.-S. , Nisancioglu K. H. , Chandler M. A. , Haywood A. M. , Otto-Bliesner B. L. , Ramstein G. , Stepanek C. , Abe-Ouchi A. , Chan W.-L. , Bragg F. J. , Contoux C. , Dolan A. M. , Hill D. J. , Jost A. , Kamae Y. , Lohmann G. , Lunt D. J. , Rosenbloom N. A. , Sohl L. E. , Ueda H.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. In the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP), eight state-of-the-art coupled climate models have simulated the mid-Pliocene warm period (mPWP, 3.264 to 3.025 Ma). Here, we compare the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), northward ocean heat transport and ocean stratification simulated with these models. None of the models participating in the PlioMIP simulates a strong mid-Pliocene AMOC as suggested by earlier proxy studies. Rather, there is no consistent increase in AMOC maximum among the PlioMIP models. The only consistent change in AMOC is a shoaling of the overturning cell in the Atlantic, and a reduced influence of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) at depth in the basin. Furthermore, the simulated mid-Pliocene Atlantic northward heat transport is similar to the pre-industrial. These simulations demonstrate that the reconstructed high latitude mid-Pliocene warming can not be explained as a direct response to an intensification of AMOC and concomitant increase in northward ocean heat transport by the Atlantic.
Linking soil moisture balance and source-responsive models to estimate diffuse and preferential components of groundwater recharge
Authors: Cuthbert M. O. , Mackay R. , Nimmo J. R.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Results are presented of a detailed study into the vadose zone and shallow water table hydrodynamics of a field site in Shropshire, UK. A conceptual model is presented and tested using a range of numerical models, including a modified soil moisture balance model (SMBM) for estimating groundwater recharge in the presence of both diffuse and preferential flow components. Tensiometry reveals that the loamy sand topsoil wets up via preferential flow and subsequent redistribution of moisture into the soil matrix. Recharge does not occur until near-positive pressures are achieved at the top of the sandy glaciofluvial outwash material that underlies the topsoil, about 1 m above the water table. Once this occurs, very rapid water table rises follow. This threshold behaviour is attributed to the vertical discontinuity in preferential flow pathways due to seasonal ploughing of the topsoil and to a lower permeability plough/iron pan restricting matrix flow between the topsoil and the lower outwash deposits. Although the wetting process in the topsoil is complex, a SMBM is shown to be effective in predicting the initiation of preferential flow from the base of the topsoil into the lower outwash horizon. The rapidity of the response at the water table and a water table rise during the summer period while flow gradients in the unsaturated profile were upward suggest that preferential flow is also occurring within the outwash deposits below the topsoil. A variation of the source-responsive model proposed by Nimmo (2010) is shown to reproduce the observed water table dynamics well in the lower outwash horizon when linked to a SMBM that quantifies the potential recharge from the topsoil. The results reveal new insights into preferential flow processes in cultivated soils and provide a useful and practical approach to accounting for preferential flow in studies of groundwater recharge estimation.
Assimilating in situ and radar altimetry data into a large-scale hydrologic-hydrodynamic model for streamflow forecast in the Amazon
Authors: Paiva R. C. D. , Collischonn W. , Bonnet M.-P. , de Gonçalves L. G. G. , Calmant S. , Getirana A. , Santos da Silva J.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. In this work we introduce and evaluate a data assimilation framework for gauged and radar altimetry-based discharge and water levels applied to a large scale hydrologic-hydrodynamic model for stream flow forecasts over the Amazon River basin. We used the process-based hydrological model called MGB-IPH coupled with a river hydrodynamic module using a storage model for floodplains. The Ensemble Kalman Filter technique was used to assimilate information from hundreds of gauging and altimetry stations based on ENVISAT satellite data. Model state variables errors were generated by corrupting precipitation forcing, considering log-normally distributed, time and spatially correlated errors. The EnKF performed well when assimilating in situ discharge, by improving model estimates at the assimilation sites and also transferring information to ungauged rivers reaches. Altimetry data assimilation improves results at a daily basis in terms of water levels and discharges with minor degree, even though radar altimetry data has a low temporal resolution. Sensitivity tests highlighted the importance of the magnitude of the precipitation errors and that of their spatial correlation, while temporal correlation showed to be dispensable. The deterioration of model performance at some unmonitored reaches indicates the need for proper characterization of model errors and spatial localization techniques for hydrological applications. Finally, we evaluated stream flow forecasts for the Amazon basin based on initial conditions produced by the data assimilation scheme and using the ensemble stream flow prediction approach where the model is forced by past meteorological forcings. The resulting forecasts agreed well with the observations and maintained meaningful skill at large rivers even for long lead times, e.g. > 90 days at the Solimões/Amazon main stem. Results encourage the potential of hydrological forecasts at large rivers and/or poorly monitored regions by combining models and remote sensing information.
Considering rating curve uncertainty in water level predictions
Authors: Sikorska A. E. , Scheidegger A. , Banasik K. , Rieckermann J.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Streamflow cannot be measured directly and is typically derived with a rating curve model. Unfortunately, this causes uncertainties in the streamflow data and also influences the calibration of rainfall-runoff models if they are conditioned on such data. However, it is currently unknown to what extent these uncertainties propagate to rainfall-runoff predictions. This study therefore presents a quantitative approach to rigorously consider the impact of the rating curve on the prediction uncertainty of water levels. The uncertainty analysis is performed within a formal Bayesian framework and the contributions of rating curve versus rainfall-runoff model parameters to the total predictive uncertainty are addressed. A major benefit of the approach is its independence from the applied rainfall-runoff model and rating curve. In addition, it only requires already existing hydrometric data. The approach was successfully tested on a small urbanized basin in Poland, where a dedicated monitoring campaign was performed in 2011. The results of our case study indicate that the uncertainty in calibration data derived by the rating curve method may be of the same relevance as rainfall-runoff model parameters themselves. A conceptual limitation of the approach presented is that it is limited to water level predictions. Nevertheless, regarding flood level predictions, the Bayesian framework seems very promising because it (i) enables the modeler to incorporate informal knowledge from easily accessible information and (ii) better assesses the individual error contributions. Especially the latter is important to improve the predictive capability of hydrological models.
Empirical correction techniques: analysis and applications to chaotically driven low-order atmospheric models
Authors: Trpevski I. , Basnarkov L. , Smilkov D. , Kocarev L.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Contemporary tools for reducing model error in weather and climate forecasting models include empirical correction techniques. In this paper we explore the use of such techniques on low-order atmospheric models. We first present an iterative linear regression method for model correction that works efficiently when the reference truth is sampled at large time intervals, which is typical for real world applications. Furthermore we investigate two recently proposed empirical correction techniques on Lorenz models with constant forcing while the reference truth is given by a Lorenz system driven with chaotic forcing. Both methods indicate that the largest increase in predictability comes from correction terms that are close to the average value of the chaotic forcing.
A practical scheme to introduce explicit tidal forcing into OGCM
Authors: Sakamoto K. , Tsujino H. , Nakano H. , Hirabara M. , Yamanaka G.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. A practical scheme is proposed to introduce tides explicitly into ocean general circulation models (OGCM). In this scheme, barotropic linear response to the tidal forcing is calculated by the time differential equations modified for ocean tides, instead of the original barotropic equations of OGCM. This allows usage of various parameterizations specified for tides, such as the self attraction/loading (SAL) effect and energy dissipation due to internal tides, without unintentional violation of the original dynamical balances in OGCM. Meanwhile, secondary nonlinear effects of tides, e.g. excitation of internal tides and advection by tidal currents, are fully represented in the framework of the original OGCM equations. That is, this scheme drives OGCM by the barotropic linear tidal currents which are predicted progressively by a well-tuned tide model, instead of the equilibrium tide potential, without large additional numerical costs. We incorporated this scheme into Meteorological Research Institute Community Ocean Model and executed test experiments with a low-resolution global model. The results showed that the model can simulate both of non-tidal circulations and tidal motion simultaneously. Owing to usage of tidal parameterizations such as a SAL term, a root mean square error in the tidal heights was as small as 10.0 cm, which is comparable to tide models tuned elaborately. In addition, analysis of speed and energy of the barotropic tidal currents was consistent with past tide studies. The model also showed active excitement of internal tides and tidal mixing. Their impacts should be examined using a model with a finer resolution in future, since explicit and precise introduction of tides into OGCM is a significant step toward upgrade of ocean modeling.
Restructuring Female Religious Authority: State-Sponsored Women Religious Guides (Murshidat) and Scholars (’Alimat) in Contemporary Morocco
Authors: El Haitami Meriem
Published: March 2013

Morocco has recently taken a series of measures to curb extremist voices and blunt the growing power of political Islam. One such measure is the training of female religious guides. The deployment of women into the religious field implies a redefinition of Islamic authority and the restructuring of religious spaces, such as mosques and religious councils, which have long been male-dominated centers of Islamic authority. Although one may question whether the reforms empower women or confirm misogynistic tendencies through their voices, these women are making progress toward social agency and are redefining the relationship between the public and private spheres.
Genetically Modified Plants: Public and Scientific Perceptions
Authors: Rastogi Verma Smita
Published: March 2013

The potential of genetically modified plants to meet the requirements of growing population is not being recognized at present. This is a consequence of concerns raised by the public and the critics about their applications and release into the environment. These include effect on human health and environment, biosafety, world trade monopolies, trustworthiness of public institutions, integrity of regulatory agencies, loss of individual choice, and ethics as well as skepticism about the real potential of the genetically modified plants, and so on. Such concerns are enormous and prevalent even today. However, it should be acknowledged that most of them are not specific for genetically modified plants, and the public should not forget that the conventionally bred plants consumed by them are also associated with similar risks where no information about the gene(s) transfer is available. Moreover, most of the concerns are hypothetical and lack scientific background. Though a few concerns are still to be disproved, it is viewed that, with proper management, these genetically modified plants have immense potential for the betterment of mankind. In the present paper, an overview of the raised concerns and wherever possible reasons assigned to explain their intensity or unsuitability are reviewed.
Maternal Age at First Delivery and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Later in Life
Authors: Kharazmi Elham , Fallah Mahdi , Luoto Riitta
Published: March 2013

Background. To elucidate the association between maternal age at first delivery and cardiovascular health in women. Material and Method. A nationally representative survey, comprising 3,937 Finnish women aged 30–99 years with information on most of the potential cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Weighting survey analyses and logistic regression were performed. Results. Women who had their first delivery at age 25 or less had about five times higher odds ratio for myocardial infarction (fully adjusted OR: 4.82; 95% CI: 1.39–16.75) and about 2-fold higher odds ratio of arrhythmia (fully adjusted OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.13–2.92) compared to those who were 31–35 years at their first delivery. Each one year younger maternal age at first delivery predicted a higher risk of myocardial infarction (age-adjusted ; 95% CI: 1.06–1.18), hypertension (age-adjusted ; 95% CI: 1.03–1.07), arrhythmia (age-adjusted OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01–1.05), angina pectoris (age-adjusted OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02–1.10), and heart failure (age-adjusted ; 95% CI: 1.01–1.10). Conclusion. Maternal earlier age at first delivery is related to subsequent development of CVD, especially myocardial infarction. Our findings suggest a need for additional care and monitoring for CVD and its risk factors in women who had their first delivery at young ages.
Cartographie de l’apprentie
Authors: Messier Anne Marie
Published: March 2013

La compositrice québécoise Ana Sokolović est d’origine serbe et plusieurs de ses oeuvres font référence à son pays d’origine, que ce soit par l’utilisation de mélodies et de rythmes traditionnels ou par des références culturelles. Pour approfondir son héritage serbe, l’auteure s’est entretenue avec la compositrice en mars 2012. L’article relate les paysages de son enfance et de son adolescence, l’environnement musical, culturel et politique de ses années d’apprentissage. Le portrait de sa vie familiale et de son quotidien nous permet de saisir des éléments constituants de sa personnalité d’artiste en devenir. Sa décision de s’établir à Montréal est explorée et elle raconte comment elle a pris conscience de son héritage slave.
The Vocal Music of Ana Sokolović: Love Songs for the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Bernstein Tamara
Published: March 2013

Enchanted by the vocal music of Serbian-born Canadian composer Ana Sokolović, Tamara Bernstein visited the composer at her home in Montreal. Sokolović’s music draws on several sources, including the theatrical world and the culture of the Balkans. The extended vocal techniques in Sokolović’s music are rooted not in the avant-garde music of the twentieth century, but in the oral traditions and poetic voice of Serbia. It seems that the more the composer returns to her cultural roots, the more she embraces the universality of the human soul.
« J’aime quand on explose de joie ! » : entretien avec Ana Sokolović
Authors: Panneton Isabelle
Published: March 2013

Lors d’un entretien réalisé par la compositrice Isabelle Panneton, Ana Sokolović discute de ses inspirations, de ses méthodes et de son rapport avec les interprètes de sa musique.
Neoliberalism, Biopolitics, and the Governance of Transnational Crime
Authors: Nieto Diego
Published: March 2013

The paper argues that policies for controlling transnational crime are a crucial dimension for understanding neoliberal hegemony in global governance. It takes on the relation established by Foucault between biopolitics and neoliberalism, in order to reconstruct the discursive formation framing law enforcement and security strategies beyond the spatiality of the nation-state. The paper then turns to outlining the practical expressions of this discourse in the governance techniques deployed to control transnational crime. Overall, this study aims to show how neoliberal criticism of state power is not coupled with a reduction in governance but, on the contrary, implies many regulations and strategies for controlling the population.
Iridotomy in Pigmentary Glaucoma - ASOCT perspective
Authors: Agarwal Prakash , Saini VK , Gupta Saroj , Sharma Anjali , Sharma Reena , Dada Tanuj
Published: March 2013

A pigmentary glaucoma is a form of secondary open angle glaucoma caused by pigment liberated from the posterior iris surface in patients with pigment dispersion syndrome. The pigment cells slough off from the back of the iris due to its concave configuration causing it to rub against the zonules and lens. These pigment cells accumulate in the anterior chamber in such a way that it begins to clog the trabecular meshwork causing elevation of intraocular pressure. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) is a non contact, easy to use, reproducible method for examination of the anterior segment. It allows detailed evaluation of the cornea, the angle of eye and the iris. It has extensively been used to evaluate angle closure glaucoma. It can also be used in cases of pigmentary glaucoma. We present a male, myopic patient with advanced stage of pigmentary glaucoma at a relatively young age. We used ASOCT to demonstrate the concave iris configuration in our patient and its disappearance following laser iridotomy. We thus highlight the importance of use of ASOCT in patients of pigmentary glaucoma
RNA in blood is altered prior to hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke
Authors: Jickling Glen C. , Ander Bradley P. , Stamova Boryana , Zhan Xinhua , Liu Dazhi , Rothstein Lena , Verro Piero , Khoury Jane , Jauch Edward C. , Pancioli Arthur M. , Broderick Joseph P. , Sharp Frank R.
Published: March 2013

Objective

Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a major complication of ischemic stroke that worsens outcomes and increases mortality. Disruption of the blood–brain barrier is a central feature of HT pathogenesis, and leukocytes may contribute to this process. We sought to determine whether ischemic strokes that develop HT have differences in RNA expression in blood within 3 hours of stroke onset prior to treatment with thrombolytic therapy.

Methods

Stroke patient blood samples were obtained prior to treatment with thrombolysis, and leukocyte RNA was assessed by microarray analysis. Strokes that developed HT (n = 11) were compared to strokes without HT (n = 33) and controls (n = 14). Genes were identified (corrected p < 0.05, fold change ≥|1.2|), and functional analysis was performed. RNA prediction of HT in stroke was evaluated using cross‐validation, and in a second stroke cohort (n = 52).

Results

Ischemic strokes that developed HT had differential expression of 29 genes in circulating leukocytes prior to treatment with thrombolytic therapy. A panel of 6 genes could predict strokes that later developed HT with 80% sensitivity and 70.2% specificity. Key pathways involved in HT of human stroke are described, including amphiregulin, a growth factor that regulates matrix metalloproteinase‐9; a shift in transforming growth factor‐β signaling involving SMAD4, INPP5D, and IRAK3; and a disruption of coagulation factors V and VIII.

Interpretation

Identified genes correspond to differences in inflammation and coagulation that may predispose to HT in ischemic stroke. Given the adverse impact of HT on stroke outcomes, further evaluation of the identified genes and pathways is warranted to determine their potential as therapeutic targets to reduce HT and as markers of HT risk. Ann Neurol 2013;74:232–240
Die N‐H‐Funktion in der metallorganischen Katalyse
Authors: Zhao Baoguo , Han Zhaobin , Ding Kuiling
Published: March 2013

Der metallorganische Ansatz ist eines der großen Themen auf dem Gebiet der Katalyse, und insbesondere die Nutzung von NH‐Funktionen hat sich zu einem wichtigen und attraktiven Konzept für das Katalysator‐Design entwickelt. NH‐Einheiten in metallorganischen Katalysatoren zeigen diverse positive Effekte auf die Katalyse, vor allem durch molekulare Erkennung mittels Wasserstoffbrücken unter Ausbildung von Katalysator‐Substrat‐, Ligand‐Ligand‐, Ligand‐ Katalysator‐ und Katalysator‐Katalysator‐Wechselwirkungen. Dieser Aufsatz behandelt unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der NH‐Gruppe die neuesten Fortschritte in der Entwicklung metallorganischer Katalysatoren basierend auf dem Konzept der kooperativen Katalyse.
The NH Functional Group in Organometallic Catalysis
Authors: Zhao Baoguo , Han Zhaobin , Ding Kuiling
Published: March 2013

The organometallic approach is one of the most active topics in catalysis. The application of NH functionality in organometallic catalysis has become an important and attractive concept in catalyst design. NH moieties in the modifiers of organometallic catalysts have been shown to have various beneficial functions in catalysis by molecular recognition through hydrogen bonding to give catalyst–substrate, ligand–ligand, ligand–catalyst, and catalyst–catalyst interactions. This Review summarizes recent progress in the development of the organometallic catalysts based on the concept of cooperative catalysis by focusing on the NH moiety.
New branch line weighting regimes to reduce the risk of seabird mortality in pelagic longline fisheries without affecting fish catch
Authors: Robertson Graham , Candy Steven G. , Hall Steve
Published: March 2013

Experiments were conducted on two new branch line weighting regimes designed to reduce the risk of seabird mortality in the Australian pelagic longline fishery. The experiments compared the sink rates and fish catch rates of the new regimes with that used by the fishing industry.

Baited hooks on gear with a 120 g lead weight 2 m from the hook reduced the time to reach 2 m, 5 m and 8 m depths by 16%, 58% and 70%, respectively, compared with industry standard gear with 60 g at 3.5 m. Baited hooks with 40 g leads at the hook reduced the time taken to reach 2 m, 5 m and 8 m depth by 33%, 28% and 25%, respectively. The reduction in time with a 60 g lead at the hook to these depths was ~40%.

There were no statistically detectable differences in catch rates of target and non‐target fish between industry standard branch lines and branch lines with both 120 g leads at 2 m and those with 40 g leads at the hook. The results contest the widely‐accepted opinion that major branch line modifications, including weight at the hook, reduce fish catch.

The regime with a 40 g lead at or very close to (i.e. ≤ 0.5 m) the hook has the most potential for adoption in fisheries due to: (i) improved crew safety; (ii) ease of port‐based inspection for compliance purposes; (iii) reduced construction costs; (iv) reduced bin tangles; and (v) ease of deployment. Lead loss from shark bite‐offs can be minimized by placing leads on short (≤ 0.5 m) leaders. In areas of moderate to high risk to seabirds, or where the risks are unknown, the use of 60 g leads either at or ≤ 0.5 m from the hook is encouraged.

Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlation of angiogenic biomarker signatures with clinical outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer patients receiving capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab
Authors: Liu Yingmiao , Starr Mark D. , Bulusu Anuradha , Pang Herbert , Wong Nan Soon , Honeycutt Wanda , Amara Anthony , Hurwitz Herbert I. , Nixon Andrew B.
Published: March 2013

A novel combination of capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab was evaluated in colorectal cancer patients enrolled in a phase II clinical trial. In this retrospective analysis, plasma samples from patients receiving capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab were analyzed to investigate biomarkers of clinical benefit. Forty‐one protein biomarkers were tested in 38 patients at baseline and after two cycles of drug administration. Correlations among analytes were evaluated by Spearman analysis. Analyte levels at baseline and changes on‐treatment were correlated with progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) by univariate analysis. Multivariate analyses were determined using the Cox proportional hazard model. Time to event analyses were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis and compared by log‐rank test. Baseline levels of vWF and Ang‐2 significantly correlated with PFS, while levels of VCAM‐1, vWF, TSP‐2, IL‐8, MMP‐2, and Ang‐2 correlated with OS (P < 0.05). The fold change of IGF‐1 levels from baseline to the end of cycle 2 was correlated with PFS, while fold changes of Ang‐2, TSP‐2, and TGF‐β2 correlated with OS. A baseline signature of Ang‐2, IGFBP‐3, IL‐6, and VCAM‐1 identified a low‐risk and high‐risk group of patients (OS: 33.9 months vs. 18.1 months, respectively, P = 0.016). For treatment‐related changes, a signature consisting of Ang‐2, E‐Cadherin, IL‐6, MCP‐1, OPN, and TGF‐β1 was able to stratify patients into high‐ and low‐risk groups (PFS: 7.7 months vs. 15.5 months, P = 0.004). Multiplex analysis of patient plasma in this trial identified several baseline‐ and treatment‐related biomarkers associated with clinical outcome. These findings merit further exploration in larger, controlled clinical trials.