bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High prevalence and genetic heterogeneity of adenoviruses at a psittacine breeding facility
Authors: Lizzi Gabriele , Fasana Simone , Grilli Guido , Quaglia Giulia , Pedrazzoli Sara , Graziosi Giulia , Catelli Elena , Musa Laura , Rapi Maria Cristina , Lupini Caterina
Published: September 2024

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) survey was performed at an amateur parrot breeding facility in Italy to investigate the presence and molecular characteristics of adenoviruses. Eighty psittacine birds, belonging to seven parrot species, were sampled by cloacal swabs; in addition, 15 livers were collected from specimens that were found dead. Seventy-two out of 95 samples collected were positive for adenoviruses, with a prevalence rate of 75.8%. All seven psittacine species tested positive for at least one genus of the family Adenoviridae; notably, adenoviral infection was found for the first time in the hooded parrot (Psephotellus dissimilis). Based on the sequences and phylogenetic analysis, 57 sequences were psittacine adenovirus 2, seven sequences were duck adenovirus 1 and two sequences were identified as psittacine adenovirus 5. The six remaining sequences showed low nucleotide and amino acid identity with the reference strains of accepted species or types, revealing the presence of novel adenoviruses belonging to the genera Aviadenovirus, Barthadenovirus and Siadenovirus. There were identical adenovirus sequences in both apparently healthy and dead birds suggesting that further investigation into the role and impact of these viruses on the health of psittacine birds is warranted.
Open science practices in criminology and criminal justice journals
Authors: Greenspan Rachel Leigh , Baggett Logan , B. Boutwell Brian
Published: September 2024

Objective

Calls for more transparent and replicable scientific practices have been increasing across scientific disciplines over the last decade, often referred to as the open science movement. Open science practices are arguably particularly important in fields like criminology and criminal justice where empirical findings aim to inform public policy and legal practice. Despite favorable views of these practices by criminal justice scholars, limited research has explored how often researchers actually use these open science practices.

Method

The current study measures the reported use of pre-registration, open access, open materials, open data, and open code in leading criminology and criminal justice journals from 2018 to 2022.

Results

Our results reveal limited use of open science practices, particularly pre-registration and open code.

Conclusions

Given these findings, we call for both journals and authors to consider adopting these practices to move toward a more transparent and replicable field.
Cortinarius steglichii: a taxonomical and chemical novelty from Chile
Authors: Lam Yen T. H. , Schmitz Lea , Huymann Lesley , Dhar Dipendu , Morgan Ibrahim , Rennert Robert , Davari Mehdi D. , Peintner Ursula , Palfner Götz , Arnold Norbert
Published: September 2024

The new species Cortinarius steglichii is described from Chilean Nothofagus forest based on morphological and microscopical attributes, molecular phylogeny, and chemical analysis of secondary metabolites. C. steglichii is characterized by abundant, long, ramified cystidia on the lamellar edges and stipe apex, further by a deep violet color reaction after treatment with KOH. As responsible secondary metabolite for the cytoplasmatic color reaction of cystidia and some hyphae, the new diterpenoid steglichon (1) could be recognized, showing also remarkable antibacterial and anticancer activity. Phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU, RPB1) confirm the close relationship to species of the Cortinarius dulciolens group.
Prognostic thresholds of outcome predictors in severe accidental hypothermia
Authors: Mendrala Konrad , Darocha Tomasz , Brožek Tomáš , Kosiński Sylweriusz , Balik Martin , Cools Evelien , Walpoth Beat , Nowak Ewelina , Dąbrowski Wojciech , Miazgowski Bartosz , Reszka Kacper , Rutkiewicz Aleksander , Debaty Guillaume , Segond Nicolas , Dudek Michał , Górski Stanisław , Podsiadło Paweł
Published: September 2024

Hemodynamically unstable patients with severe hypothermia and preserved circulation should be transported to dedicated extracorporeal life support (ECLS) centers, but not all are eligible for extracorporeal therapy. In this group of patients, the outcome of rewarming may sometimes be unfavorable. It is, therefore, crucial to identify potential risk factors for death. Furthermore, it is unclear what criterion for hemodynamic stability should be adopted for patients with severe hypothermia. The aim of this study is to identify pre-rewarming predictors of death and their threshold values in hypothermic patients with core temperature ≤ 28 °C and preserved circulation, who were treated without extracorporeal rewarming. We conducted a multicenter retrospective study involving patients in accidental hypothermia with core temperature 28 °C or lower, and preserved spontaneous circulation on rewarming initiation. The data were collected from the International Hypothermia Registry, HELP Registry, and additional hospital data. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. We conducted a multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. In the multivariate analysis of laboratory tests and vital signs, systolic blood pressure (SBP) adjusted for cooling circumstances and base excess (BE) were identified as the best predictor of death (OR 0.974 95% CI 0.952–0.996), AUC ROC 0.79 (0.70–0.88). The clinically relevant cutoff for SBP was identified at 90 mmHg with a sensitivity of 0.74 (0.54–0.89) and a specificity of 0.70 (0.60–0.79). The increased risk of death among hypothermic patients with preserved circulation occurs among those with an SBP below 90 mmHg and in those who developed hypothermia in their homes.
Inhibition of CRMP2 Phosphorylation Suppresses Microglia Activation in the Retina and Optic Nerve and Promotes Optic Nerve Regeneration After Optic Nerve Injury
Authors: Wang Yuebing , Harada Sayaka , Goshima Yoshio , Ohshima Toshio
Published: September 2024

As the primary connection between the eye and brain, the optic nerve plays a pivotal role in visual information transmission. Injuries to the optic nerve can occur for various reasons, including trauma, glaucoma, and neurodegenerative diseases. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), a type of neurons that extend axons through the optic nerve, can rapidly respond to injury and initiate cell death. Additionally, following optic nerve injury microglia, which serve as markers of neuroinflammation, transition from a resting state to an activated state. The phosphorylation of collapsin response mediator protein2 (CRMP2) in the semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) signalling pathway affects several processes, including axon guidance and neuron regeneration. In this study, we used an optic nerve crush (ONC) mouse model to investigate the effects of suppressing CRMP2 phosphorylation on microglia activation. We found that CRMP2 phosphorylation inhibitor suppressed RGCs loss and promoted neuronal regeneration following ONC. In addition, CRMP2 S522A mutant (CRMP2 KI) mice exhibited decreased microglial activation in both the retina and optic nerve following ONC. These results suggest that inhibiting the phosphorylation of CRMP2 can alleviate the loss of RGCs and microglial activation after optic nerve injury, providing insight into the development of treatments for optical neuropathies and neurodegenerative diseases.
The Impact of Sedative Choice in the Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Scoping Review
Authors: Then James , Tawfik Samuel , Law Timothy , Brown Alastair , Carnegie Vanessa , Udy Andrew , Jeffcote Toby
Published: September 2024

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is characterized by high mortality and morbidity. This scoping review assesses the current evidence regarding the use of sedatives and analgesics in the acute intensive care unit management of aSAH. We conducted a systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid EmCare, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to June 2023. Studies were included if they enrolled intensive care unit patients aged 18 or older with a significant proportion (> 20%) who had aSAH and evaluated the impact of one or more commonly used analgosedatives on physiological parameters in the management of aSAH. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies score. Of 2,583 articles, 11 met the inclusion criteria. The median sample size was 47 (interquartile range 10–127), and the median Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies score was 9.5 (interquartile range 8–11). The studies’ publication years ranged from 1980 to 2023. Dexmedetomidine and ketamine showed potential benefits in reducing the incidence of cortical spreading depolarization and delayed cerebral ischemia. Propofol and opioids appeared safe but lacked robust evidence for efficacy. Benzodiazepines were associated with increased delayed cerebral ischemia–related cerebral infarctions and cortical spreading depolarization events. The evidence available to guide the use of analgosedative medications in aSAH is critically inadequate. Dexmedetomidine and ketamine warrant further exploration in large-scale prospective studies because of their potential benefits. Improved study designs with consistent definitions and a focus on patient-centered outcomes are necessary to inform clinical practice.
Recommendations from the Galician Oncological Society and the Galician Society of Nuclear Medicine for the use of 177Lu-PSMA-617 radioligand-therapy in prostate cancer
Authors: Fernández Calvo Ovidio , Muñoz Iglesias José , Abou Jokh Casas Estephany , Molina-Díaz Aura , Anido Herranz Urbano , Casas Nebra Javier , García-Bernardo Lucía , Martínez-Breijo Sara , Lázaro-Quintela Martín , Muñiz-García Gloria , Vázquez-Estevez Sergio
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Theragnostic is a type of precision medicine that uses molecules linked to radioactive isotopes for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In recent years, it has gained significant importance to treat neuroendocrine tumors and is currently being used in prostate cancer. Various radiopharmaceuticals have emerged for diagnosing and detecting lesions showing prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positivity on the Positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan, being the most widely used labeled with [68Ga] and [18F]. Its use as therapy in prostate cancer (PC) has been assessed in the VISION, TheraP, and PSMAfore clinical trials conducted with the radioligand [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617, demonstrating significant antitumor activity. The aim of this article is to present practical recommendations, based on current available scientific evidence and on a multidisciplinary consensus, for the diagnosis and treatment with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in patients with PC.
Failing successfully? Local referendums and ENGOs’ lawsuits as challenges to wind energy expansion in Germany
Authors: Töller Annette Elisabeth , Garske Benjamin , Rasch Daniel , Weigel Alix , Hahn Hanno
Published: September 2024

Germany is implementing the “Energiewende” (energy transition): it has completed the phase-out of nuclear energy and plans to phase out coal-fired power generation by 2038 at the latest. The expansion of renewable energies is thus an imperative task and wind energy capacity must be increased significantly. However, wind energy expansion has slumped massively since 2018 and is only slowly catching up. Various reasons for this gap between necessity and reality are proposed, with citizens’ referendums on local decisions as well as lawsuits brought by Environmental Non-Governmental Organisations (ENGOs) against approval decisions being relevant obstacles. However, data on how these projects challenge wind energy expansion is lacking so far. The article addresses this gap and examines how, to what extent, and with what effect these procedures are used by opponents of wind energy projects. Focusing on Hesse as a state where both procedures are used comparatively often, the article takes stock conceptually and empirically of their role and impact, drawing on secondary literature and initial collections of descriptive primary data to look at how these procedures result in producing obstacles to local wind energy expansion. Findings from case studies suggest that both procedures may hinder wind energy expansion even if, in formally legal terms, they are not ultimately successful. From the perspective of local opponents of specific wind energy projects, this offers the possibility of “failing successfully”.
SIRT1 and FOXO1 role on MASLD risk: effects of DHA-rich n-3 PUFA supplementation and exercise in aged obese female mice and in post-menopausal overweight/obese women
Authors: Yang Jinchunzi , Félix-Soriano Elisa , Martínez-Gayo Alejandro , Ibañez-Santos Javier , Sáinz Neira , Martínez J Alfredo , Moreno-Aliaga María J.
Published: September 2024

Sirtuins 1 (SIRT1) and Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) expression have been associated with obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Exercise and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation have shown beneficial effects on MASLD. The current study aims to assess the relationships between Sirt1, Foxo1 mRNA levels and several MASLD biomarkers, as well as the effects of DHA-rich n-3 PUFA supplementation and/or exercise in the steatotic liver of aged obese female mice, and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of postmenopausal women with overweight/obesity. In the liver of 18-month-old mice, Sirt1 levels positively correlated with the expression of genes related to fatty acid oxidation, and negatively correlated with lipogenic and proinflammatory genes. Exercise (long-term treadmill training), especially when combined with DHA, upregulated hepatic Sirt1 mRNA levels. Liver Foxo1 mRNA levels positively associated with hepatic triglycerides (TG) content and the expression of lipogenic and pro-inflammatory genes, while negatively correlated with the lipolytic gene Hsl. In PBMCs of postmenopausal women with overweight/obesity, FOXO1 mRNA expression negatively correlated with the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and the Zhejiang University index (ZJU). After 16-weeks of DHA-rich PUFA supplementation and/or progressive resistance training (RT), most groups exhibited reduced MASLD biomarkers and risk indexes accompanying with body fat mass reduction, but no significant changes were found between the intervention groups. However, in PBMCs n-3 supplementation upregulated FOXO1 expression, and the RT groups exhibited higher SIRT1 expression. In summary, SIRT1 and FOXO1 could be involved in the beneficial mechanisms of exercise and n-3 PUFA supplementation related to MASLD manifestation.
A scoping review of current research on social media use among children and adolescents
Authors: Jungselius Beata
Published: September 2024

This scoping review provides an overview of the conduct, origin and distribution of previous peer-reviewed research on children’s and adolescents’ social media use. Searches were conducted in electronic databases Scopus, Web of Science, and ACM Digital Library, identifying 244 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The review reveals a steady increase in publications over the years, with most originating from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada. Among these studies, 174 employ quantitative methods, 30 utilize qualitative approaches, 19 use mixed methods, and 21 are review studies. The research predominantly falls within the disciplines of medicine and health, and psychology. The findings highlight a significant imbalance between qualitative and quantitative research, with quantitative, cross-sectional studies relying on self-reported questionnaire results being the most common. However, quantitative studies do not adequately capture the details of the complex and varied nature of social media use, nor do the common cross-sectional nature of those studies enable insights to be drawn on changes and variations over time or establish causal relationships. This scoping review reveals a growing interest in this topic, but also highlights the need for greater geographical and disciplinary diversity, varied methodological approaches, and more heterogeneous participant involvement in future research. This review suggests a pressing need for more empirical, qualitative research that examines situated social media use from the perspectives of children and adolescents. Moreover, additional longitudinal studies are necessary to offer causal explanations and a deeper understanding of the evolving dynamics of social media use among younger populations.
An outbreak after all: Cutibacterium acnes among pediatric patients with cerebrospinal fluid diversion device infections highlights gaps in guidelines
Authors: Scaggs Huang Felicia , Griffin Cameron , Fenchel Matthew , DuBose Melanie , Ankrum Andrea , Schaffzin Joshua K.
Published: September 2024

Objective:

Cutibacterium acnes is normal skin flora but can cause sterile implant infections. We investigated a cluster of seven patients with C. acnes in anaerobic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures in November 2020. Further analysis identified a missed outbreak, highlighting ambiguity in diagnosis of indolent organisms in the 2017 IDSA meningitis guidelines.

Design:

Outbreak investigation.

Setting:

Quaternary pediatric facility.

Patients:

A case was defined as a hospitalized patient with C. acnes isolated from CSF culture from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2022.

Methods:

We defined comparison periods based on timing of C. acnes culture positivity as 1) pre-outbreak (2016–2020), 2) outbreak (2020–2021), and 3) post-outbreak (2022). Rates of C. acnes positive cultures per 1000 CSF cultures and rate ratios were calculated by comparison periods.

Results:

We identified 9 positive C. acnes CSF cultures among 7 cases November 10–27, 2020, all with at least 1 CSF diversion device. The anaerobic culture media was substituted at the time of case cluster. In 2021, the culture media was implemented permanently with no increase in C. acnes culture positivity. The rate of C. acnes positive CSF cultures and rate ratio increased in the outbreak period (p=0.01) compared to pre-outbreak and post-outbreak periods. There was no difference between the pre- and post-outbreak periods.

Conclusions:

Retrospective analysis of CSF culture data led to reclassifying a C. acnes pseudo-outbreak as a true outbreak in CSF diversion devices at our institution. Clearer guidance is needed to delineate the role of C. acnes in CSF diversion device infections.
Testimonial Compression
Authors: Reverman Elisa C.
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces the idea of testimonial compression, which I introduce as the audience enforcement of how testifiers may engage in testimonial exchange. More specifically, testimonial compression occurs when an audience requires the speaker to engage in the limited format of simple testimony. Using examples of dialogue from healthcare settings and scholarship on health communication, I illustrate the concept further. Dimensions of testimonial compression include its directness, the roles of audience enforcement and testifier resistance, the fuzziness surrounding structural and agential aspects, and ways in which compression can be negotiated between interlocutors. I further detail some rippling effects of testimonial compression, including impacts of patient-provider communication and the potential for epistemic harms (specifically informational and participatory prejudices). While testimonial compression is not unique to healthcare contexts, many contextual factors specific to medical discourse make testimonial compression especially useful.
Between Economic Nationalism and Liberalization: Ideas of Development and the Neoliberal Moment in Mobutu's Congo, 1965–74
Authors: Vale Peter
Published: September 2024

In January 1967, under the infamous military head Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, the Democratic Republic of Congo nationalized its mining industry based on anticolonial rhetoric of “economic sovereignty.” Only two years later, the same Mobutu government welcomed foreign companies and investors with open arms to the inaugural Foire Internationale de Kinshasa. Even at this crucial postcolonial moment when ideas of economic independence and self-sufficiency had become so highly valued, an attachment to — even affinity towards — foreign capital persisted throughout Congolese politics. This article explores the political and intellectual tensions that arose from the postcolonial utilization of foreign capital for state consolidation and synthesizes these contradictions into a broader understanding of early development approaches in Mobutu's Congo. In contrast to those who have framed the Congolese leader's ideology as a rearticulation of colonial logics or the authoritarian whims of an individual, I argue that these early notions of Mobutist development should be understood as a kind of “worldmaking,” emerging from an anticolonial ideology that asserted Congo’s economic sovereignty while simultaneously inserting itself into the global streams of finance. By tracing the Mobutu government's fluctuating relationship to foreign finance, this research offers a longer history of the “neoliberal moment” in Congo — one in which the intellectual underpinnings for liberalization had percolated in Congolese nationalist politics for several decades.
English-medium education and the perpetuation of girls’ disadvantage
Authors: Hultgren Anna Kristina , Upadhaya Anu , O'Hagan Lauren , Wingrove Peter , Adamu Amina , Greenfield Mari , Lombardozzi Lorena , Sah Pramod K. , Tsiga Ismaila A. , Umar Aishat , Wolfenden Freda
Published: September 2024

In our community, girls do not need this [English-medium education].

Interview with male teacher

Nepal is classified as a low-middle income country (World Bank, 2023), and like other such countries, it is under international pressure to attain gender equality targets in order to receive international aid. However, Nepal is also permeated by widespread perceptions that girls are subordinate to boys, which influences girls’ access to education, information, health and the labour market (Upadhaya & Sah, 2019). Women face restrictions in terms of their basic ability to ‘independently venture outside the household, maintain the privacy of their bank accounts, use mobile phones, or become employed’ (Karki & Mix, 2022: 413). Illiteracy disproportionately affects females, with 58.95% of illiterates being women and girls (UNESCO, 2021). Notwithstanding this, recent years have seen some progress in enhancing gender equality in Nepal, and females currently enjoy higher enrolment rates than males across secondary education (UNESCO, 2023). This article, however, provides evidence that the recent trend to offer English-medium education risks setting back progress made by creating a gender-differentiated system that could yield different outcomes for boys and girls and potentially restrict girls’ future trajectories post school and contribute to broader gender inequality in society.
Production of English vowel duration by multilingual speakers of Namibian English
Authors: Haapanen Katja , Saloranta Antti , Peltola Kimmo U. , Tamminen Henna , Uwu-khaeb Lannie , Peltola Maija S.
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study was to examine spoken Namibian English by investigating how multilingual Namibian speakers produce vowel durations in pre-lenis and pre-fortis positions, and how those vowel durations compare to British English vowel durations in the same words. In British English and most other English varieties, vowel duration is affected by the voicing of the following consonant, so that vowels preceding phonologically voiced consonants are longer (pre-lenis lengthening) and vowels preceding phonologically voiceless consonants are shorter (pre-fortis clipping). The production data was collected using orthographic stimuli that were monosyllabic English words with voiced and voiceless final consonants after the target vowels. The data were collected from 14 multilingual Namibian English speakers. The vowel durations produced by the speakers in pre-lenis and pre-fortis position were first compared to each other and then to those produced by nine British English speakers in an earlier study. The results showed that the pre-lenis vowels were clearly longer than the pre-fortis vowels, and there were no differences between Namibian and British English vowel durations in most of the tested words. The results offer new insights into the realization of vowel duration in pre-lenis and pre-fortis positions in Namibian English.
Reflection of Storm Surge and Tides in Convergent Estuaries With Dams, the Case of Charleston, USA
Authors: Dykstra Steven L. , Talke Stefan A. , Yankovsky Alexander E. , Torres Raymond , Viparelli Enrica
Published: September 2024

Convergent estuaries have been shortened by dam‐like structures worldwide. Here, we evaluate 31 long‐term water level stations and use a semi‐analytical tide model to investigate how landward‐funneling and a dam influence tidal and storm surge propagation in the greater Charleston Harbor region, South Carolina, where three rivers meet: the Ashley, Cooper, and Wando. Results show that the phase speed and amplification of the principal tidal harmonic (M2) is larger than other long waves such as storm surge (∼1–4 days) and setup‐setdown (∼4–10 days). Further landward, all waves attenuate, but, as they approach the dam on the Cooper River, a frequency dependent response in amplitude and phase progression occurs. A semi‐analytical tidal model shows that funneling and the presence of a dam amplify tidal waves through wave interference from partial and full reflection, respectively. The different phase progressions of the reflected waves interact with the incident wave to increase or decrease the summed overall wave amplitude. Using a friction‐convergence parameter space, we demonstrate that dominant tides in 23 estuaries and the tidal, storm surge, and setup‐setdown waves in the Cooper River can be delineated into three regimes that describe landward amplification or attenuation associated with funneling, a dam, or both. The regime of each tidal constituent is consistent but can change with the duration and height of each storm surge event; dam associated wave interference can attenuate long‐duration events, while the most intense events (short duration, high water) are amplified by dams more than funneling and greatly increase flood exposure.
Bed Texture and Topographic Response to Increased Sediment Supply: The Sand Bed Case
Authors: Leonard Christina M. , Wilcock Peter R.
Published: September 2024

When water and sediment supply to a river change, the short‐term channel response will be a combination of adjustments in bed grain size (texture) and the accumulation or evacuation of sediment in the channel (topography). This response is well documented for gravel bed rivers, but little attention has been given to sand bed rivers, the focus of this paper. If the channel response is predominantly textural, subsequent changes in channel geometry may be minor. If the channel response is predominately aggradation or degradation, long‐term changes in channel dimension, planform, and slope may occur. Here, we use a mixed‐size morphodynamic model to explore the interaction between the textural and topographic responses to an increase in sediment supply in sand bed rivers. First, we consider how the steady‐state transport condition varies as a function of sediment supply rate and grain size. We then evaluate the path to steady‐state using numerical morphodynamic experiments. We find that bed aggradation in response to an increase in sediment supply can be reduced, eliminated, or even reversed depending on the sediment supply grain size. The path to the new steady‐state condition involves two adjustment phases: the first is textural‐dominated, and the second is topography‐dominated. Under the common condition of an increased supply of finer sediment, rapid textural adjustments can produce a transport capacity that is a large fraction of the new supply rate long before the system has reached complete equilibrium. Under conditions of supply coarsening, the initial textural adjustment is less dominant, and aggradation is immediate.
A Nationwide Analysis of Community‐Level Floodplain Development Outcomes and Key Influences
Authors: Agopian Armen , Hino Miyuki , Siders A. R. , Samoray Christopher , Mach Katharine J.
Published: September 2024

Development patterns and climate change are contributing to increasing flood risk across the United States. Limiting development in floodplains mitigates risk by reducing the assets and population exposed to flooding. Here, we develop two indexes measuring floodplain development for 18,548 communities across the continental United States. We combine land use, impervious surface, and housing data with regulatory flood maps to determine what proportion of new development has taken place in the floodplain. Nationwide from 2001 to 2019, 2.1 million acres of floodplain land were developed, and 844,000 residential properties were built in the floodplain. However, contrary to conventional perceptions of rampant floodplain development, just 26% of communities nationwide have developed in floodplains more than would be expected given the hazard they face. The indexes and the analyses they enable can help guide targeted interventions to improve flood risk management, to explore underlying drivers of flood exposure, and to inform how local‐to‐federal policy choices can be leveraged to limit hazardous development.
Application of the AI2 Climate Emulator to E3SMv2's Global Atmosphere Model, With a Focus on Precipitation Fidelity
Authors: Duncan James P. C. , Wu Elynn , Golaz Jean‐Christophe , Caldwell Peter M. , Watt‐Meyer Oliver , Clark Spencer K. , McGibbon Jeremy , Dresdner Gideon , Kashinath Karthik , Bonev Boris , Pritchard Michael S. , Bretherton Christopher S.
Published: September 2024

Can the current successes of global machine learning‐based weather simulators be generalized beyond 2‐week forecasts to stable and accurate multiyear runs? The recently developed AI2 Climate Emulator (ACE) suggests this is feasible, based upon 10‐year simulations with a network trained on output from a physics‐based global atmosphere model using a grid spacing of approximately 110 km and forced by a repeating annual cycle of sea‐surface temperature. Here we show that ACE, without modification, can be trained to emulate another major atmospheric model, EAMv2, run at a comparable grid spacing for at least 10 years with similarly small climate biases—a prerequisite to wider applicability. With an analysis that combines multiple temporal, spatial, and frequency domain perspectives, we show that ACE faithfully represents the spatiotemporal structure of EAMv2 precipitation and related variables. Finally, we show that a pretrained ACE network is able to adapt to a new global climate model simulation data set with 10 fewer training steps than when starting from random initialization, all while still maintaining low levels of climate bias. Further analysis of these fine‐tuning experiments reveal ACE's intriguing ability to interpolate between distinct global climate models.
Designing magnetic microcapsules for cultivation and differentiation of stem cell spheroids
Authors: Gwon Kihak , Dharmesh Ether , Nguyen Kianna M. , Schornack Anna Marie R. , de Hoyos-Vega Jose M. , Ceylan Hakan , Stybayeva Gulnaz , Peterson Quinn P. , Revzin Alexander
Published: September 2024

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent an excellent cell source for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. However, there remains a need for robust and scalable differentiation of stem cells into functional adult tissues. In this paper, we sought to address this challenge by developing magnetic microcapsules carrying hPSC spheroids. A co-axial flow-focusing microfluidic device was employed to encapsulate stem cells in core-shell microcapsules that also contained iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). These microcapsules exhibited excellent response to an external magnetic field and could be held at a specific location. As a demonstration of utility, magnetic microcapsules were used for differentiating hPSC spheroids as suspension cultures in a stirred bioreactor. Compared to standard suspension cultures, magnetic microcapsules allowed for more efficient media change and produced improved differentiation outcomes. In the future, magnetic microcapsules may enable better and more scalable differentiation of hPSCs into adult cell types and may offer benefits for cell transplantation.
Safety of psychotropic medications in pregnancy: an umbrella review
Authors: Fabiano Nicholas , Wong Stanley , Gupta Arnav , Tran Jason , Bhambra Nishaant , Min Kevin K. , Dragioti Elena , Barbui Corrado , Fiedorowicz Jess G. , Gosling Corentin J. , Cortese Samuele , Gandhi Jasmine , Saraf Gayatri , Shorr Risa , Vigod Simone N. , Frey Benicio N. , Delorme Richard , Solmi Marco
Published: September 2024

Weighing risks and benefits of the use of psychotropic medications during pregnancy remains a challenge worldwide. We systematically assessed the strength of associations between psychotropic medication use in pregnant people with mental disorders and various adverse health outcomes in both pregnant people and foetuses. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies investigating the association between exposure to psychotropic medication in pregnancy and any adverse health outcomes were included. Credibility was graded into convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak or not significant. Quality of the meta-analyses and of individual studies were assessed with A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), respectively. We considered 21 meta-analyses encompassing 17,290,755 participants (AMSTAR 2 high = 1, low = 12, or critically low = 8). Evidence was suggestive for: (1) preterm birth in pregnant people with either any mental disorder (equivalent odds ratio 1.62 (95% confidence interval 1.24–2.12) or depression (1.65 [1.34–2.02]) receiving antidepressants during any trimester of pregnancy; (2) small for gestational age for pregnant people with depression receiving a SSRI during any trimester of pregnancy (1.50 [1.19–1.90]); and (3) major congenital malformation (1.24 [1.09–1.40]) or cardiac malformations (1.28 [1.11–1.47]) in babies for pregnant people with depression or anxiety receiving paroxetine during first trimester of pregnancy. Additional associations were supported by weak evidence, or were not statistically significant. This umbrella review found no convincing or highly suggestive level of evidence of adverse health outcomes associated with psychotropic medication use in pregnant people with mental disorders.
Evaluation of a perinatal palliative care program by SWOT analysis
Authors: Catapano Francesca , Ramacieri Giuseppe , Sperti Giacomo , Corvaglia Luigi Tommaso , Locatelli Chiara
Published: September 2024

Background

Perinatal Palliative Care (PPC) is individualized medical-nursing care aimed at improving the quality of life of newborns with life-limiting conditions and to support their families. This study draws on the analysis of the experience gained over ten years by a service of PPC called the “Percorso Giacomo” (PG).

Methods

We employed a SWOT analysis to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the PG through a systematic retrospective review of 48 cases followed by the program over the course of 10 years, 21 unsolicited parents’ narrative and 27 experts’ point of view.

Results

Main strengths of the program were communication and parents’ involvement in shared decision-making. Main weaknesses included lack of knowledge of the presence and the role of the PG and lack of resources. For opportunities, the PG proved to be an innovative choice for pregnancies with a fetal life-limiting diagnosis, however threats were identified such as lack of knowledge of PPC and delayed referrals.

Conclusion

The analysis by SWOT method of the 10-year experience of the PG allowed the identification of limitations and areas of improvement, however demonstrated that the PG provided beneficial services to women faced with fetal life-limiting diagnoses.

Impact

Perinatal Palliative Care (PPC) practice and literature on this subject is still limited.

This study offers features of the 10-year experience of the Percorso Giacomo (PG), a service of PPC, through a SWOT analysis.

By identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the PG, the study shows limitations and areas of improvement but also benefits of a PPC service to women with fetal diagnosis of life-limiting condition and may allow replication in other institutions.
Elevated total bile acid levels as an independent predictor of mortality in pediatric sepsis
Authors: Wang Yanfei , Deng Kelei , Lin Peiquan , Huang Limin , Hu Lei , Ye Jing , Liang Jianfeng , Ni Yan , Tan Linhua
Published: September 2024

Background

The close relationship between bile acid (BA) metabolism and sepsis has been investigated in recent years, as knowledge of the role of the gut microbiome and metabolomics in sepsis has grown and become more comprehensive.

Methods

Patients with sepsis who were admitted to the PICU of the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2016 to December 2021 were enrolled in this study. Preoperative non-infectious pediatric patients undergoing elective surgeries in our hospital’s department of surgery were recruited as controls during the same period. Clinical data were collected and analyzed.

Results

702 children were enrolled, comprising 538 sepsis survivors, 164 sepsis fatalities, and 269 non-infected controls. Statistical analysis revealed that total BA (TBA) increased in both the early and severe stages of pediatric sepsis. In the severe stage, TBA (OR = 2.898, 95% CI 1.946–4.315, p < 0.05) was identified as a risk factor for sepsis. A clinical model identified TBA (the cut-off value is >17.95 µmol/L) as an independent predictor of sepsis mortality with an AUC of 0.842 (95% CI 0.800–0.883), sensitivity of 54.9%, specificity of 96.6%, and HR = 7.658 (95% CI 5.575–10.520).

Conclusions

The study showed that elevated TBA was associated with a heightened risk of mortality in pediatric sepsis.

Impact

Many clinical indicators show differences between children with sepsis and the control group, among which the difference in serum total bile acid levels is the most significant.

During the hospitalization of the patients, the overall bile acid levels in the sepsis death group were higher and exhibited greater fluctuations compared to the survival group, with significant differences.

Serum total bile acid levels can serve as effective biomarker for predicting the prognosis of children with sepsis.
RSM integrated GWO, Driving Training, and Election-Based Algorithms for optimising ethylic biodiesel from ternary oil of neem, animal fat, and jatropha
Authors: Samuel Olusegun D. , Patel G. C. Manjunath , Thomas Likewin , Chandran Davannendran , Paramasivam Prabhu , Enweremadu Christopher C.
Published: September 2024

The worldwide exploration of the ethanolysis protocol (EP) has decreased despite the multifaceted benefits of ethanol, such as lower toxicity, higher oxygen content, higher renewability, and fewer emission tail compared to methanol, and the enhanced fuel properties with improved engine characteristics of multiple-oily feedstocks (MOFs) compared to single-oily feedstocks. The study first proposed a strategy for the optimisation of ethylic biodiesel synthesis from MOFs: neem, animal fat, and jatropha oil (NFJO) on a batch reactor. The project's goals were to ensure environmental benignity and encourage the use of totally biobased products. This was made possible by the introduction of novel population based algorithms such as Driving Training-Based Optimization (DTBO) and Election-Based Optimization (EBOA), which were compared with the widely used Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) combined with Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The yield of NFJO ethyl ester (NFJOEE) was predicted using the RSM technique, and the ideal transesterification conditions were determined using the DTBO, EBOA, and GWO algorithms. Reaction time showed a strong linear relationship with ethylic biodiesel yield, while ethanol-to-NFJO molar ratio, catalyst dosage, and reaction temperature showed nonlinear effects. Reaction time was the most significant contributor to NFJOEE yield.The important fundamental characteristics of the fuel categories were investigated using the ASTM test procedures. The maximum NFJOEE yield (86.3%) was obtained at an ethanol/NFJO molar ratio of 5.99, KOH content of 0.915 wt.%, ethylic duration of 67.43 min, and reaction temperature of 61.55 °C. EBOA outperforms DTBO and GWO regarding iteration and computation time, converging towards a global fitness value equal to 7 for 4 s, 20 for 5 s and 985 for 34 s. The key fuel properties conformed to the standards outlined by ASTMD6751 and EN 14,214 specifications. The NFJOEE fuel processing cost is 0.9328 USD, and is comparatively lesser than that of conventional diesel. The new postulated population based algorithm models can be a prospective approach for enhancing biodiesel production from numerous MOFs and ensuring a balanced ecosystem and fulfilling enviromental benignity when adopted.
Opposing neural processing modes alternate rhythmically during sustained auditory attention
Authors: Kasten Florian H. , Busson Quentin , Zoefel Benedikt
Published: September 2024

During continuous tasks, humans show spontaneous fluctuations in performance, putatively caused by varying attentional resources allocated to process external information. If neural resources are used to process other, presumably “internal” information, sensory input can be missed and explain an apparent dichotomy of “internal” versus “external” attention. In the current study, we extract presumed neural signatures of these attentional modes in human electroencephalography (EEG): neural entrainment and α-oscillations (~10-Hz), linked to the processing and suppression of sensory information, respectively. We test whether they exhibit structured fluctuations over time, while listeners attend to an ecologically relevant stimulus, like speech, and complete a task that requires full and continuous attention. Results show an antagonistic relation between neural entrainment to speech and spontaneous α-oscillations in two distinct brain networks—one specialized in the processing of external information, the other reminiscent of the dorsal attention network. These opposing neural modes undergo slow, periodic fluctuations around ~0.07 Hz and are related to the detection of auditory targets. Our study might have tapped into a general attentional mechanism that is conserved across species and has important implications for situations in which sustained attention to sensory information is critical.
Transformation of europium metal-organic framework from 3D via 2D into exfoliating 3D for enzyme immobilization
Authors: Vardanyan Ani , Zhou Guojun , Kim Nayoung , Budnyak Tetyana M. , Kessler Vadim G. , Choi Insung S. , Huang Zhehao , Seisenbaeva Gulaim A.
Published: September 2024

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as highly promising materials for hosting functional biomolecules. Here, a 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylate ligand with a flat asymmetric shape is applied to infuse an unusual behavior to a 3D europium MOF (SLU-1). Solvent addition results in the 3D MOF splitting into a 2D one (SLU-2), and in the presence of excess water, gets cross-linked into a different 3D MOF (SLU-3) prone to spontaneous exfoliation. SLU-3 features a combination of highly hydrophilic and hydrophobic spots and serves as an attractive host for incorporating large active species. As a representative demonstration, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is incorporated into the exfoliated 3D-layered structure by simple mixing, and secured by an outer silica layer in the form of core-shell structures. The resulting HRP-based biocatalyst exhibited enhanced stability and reusability, effectively degrading phenol. This work showcases the potential of reconfigurable MOFs, offering upheld applications through the controlled uptake and retention of biocatalytic agents.
Discrimination of serum samples of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia with 1H-NMR metabolomics
Authors: Zniber Mohammed , Vahdatiyekta Parastoo , Huynh Tan-Phat
Published: September 2024

1H-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) based serum metabolomics using a logistic regression model demonstrated good performance in distinguishing between prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Regio selective deposition of conducting polymers using wireless electropolymerisation
Authors: Brady Áine , Wagner Michal , Forster Robert J.
Published: September 2024

The potentials induced within a bipolar electrode are controlled by shaping the electric field using multiple feeder electrodes and demonstrated for the wireless, regioselective, electrodeposition of poly-3,4(ethylenedioxythiophene).
Photoexcited nitroarenes for alkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones
Authors: Wu Lingang , Wang Zhaoxue , Qiao Yanling , Xie Lei , Wang Qingmin
Published: September 2024

A straightforward method for the dehydrogenative alkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with alkylbenzenes is developed, facilitated by a photoexcited nitroarene. The success hinges on the dual role of the photoexcited nitroarene molecule, acting as both a HAT reagent and an oxidant.
Modulation of the magnetic properties of mononuclear Dy(iii) complexes by tuning the coordination geometry and local symmetry
Authors: Zhou Xuejuan , Qin Huiliang , Zeng Zhaopeng , Luo Shuchang , Yang Tao , Cen Peipei , Liu Xiangyu
Published: September 2024

The structures and dynamic magnetic behaviours of a series of mononuclear Dy(iii) complexes with a neutrally hexadentate equatorial ligand have been modulated by the alteration of axial ligand fields.
Concurrent boron removal from reverse osmosis concentrate and energy production using a microbial desalination cell-Donnan dialysis hybrid system
Authors: Goren A. Yagmur , Okten H. Eser
Published: September 2024

The removal of boron from aqueous solutions offers an important opportunity to improve the management of sustainable resources.
Design principle of disordered rocksalt type overlithiated anode for high energy density batteries
Authors: He Yufang , He Zhengda , Ouyang Bin
Published: September 2024

Li3+xM2O5 with M being V, Cr, Nb, Mn, and Fe are identified among 23 potential redox centers as promising overlithiated DRX anodes with high energy density, good stability, good electronic conductivity, small volumetric change, and low cost.
Autonomous humidity regulation by MOF/wood composites
Authors: Tu Kunkun , Zhang Zhidong , Dreimol Christopher H. , Günther Roman , Zboray Robert , Keplinger Tobias , Burgert Ingo , Ding Yong
Published: September 2024

The MOF/wood can passively regulate indoor humidity by absorbing and releasing moisture when triggered, maintaining indoor humidity at 45% relative humidity without any additional energy consumption.
Emerging applications of perovskite oxides in electrochemical reduction of carcinogenic nitrate to ammonia: a recent review
Authors: Ullah Sadeeq , Ahmad Aftab , Cheng Hefa , Ullah Jan Amin , Cui Daxiang , Li Lu
Published: September 2024

The electrochemical conversion of carcinogenic nitrate to ammonia (turning waste into wealth) using perovskite oxide-based catalysts aims to create a globally sustainable environment.
Variable energy transfer in one-dimensional chiral Mn/Cd-based halides and strong stereo-selective fluorescence for chiral recognition
Authors: Wang Sidan , Wang Pei , Zhou Guojun , Zhang Nan , Mao Yilin , Zhang Xian-Ming
Published: September 2024

One-dimensional luminescent chiral metal halides with variable energy transfer were designed, thus contributing to strong stereo-selective fluorescence.