bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long‐term clinical outcomes and healthcare resource utilization in male and female patients following hospitalization for heart failure
Authors: Averbuch Tauben , Lee Shun Fu , Zagorski Brandon , Pandey Ambarish , Petrie Mark C. , Biering‐Sorensen Tor , Xie Feng , Van Spall Harriette G.C.
Published: November 2024

Aims

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of hospitalization, and sex differences in care have been described. We assessed sex‐specific clinical outcomes and healthcare resource utilization following hospitalization for HF.

Methods and results

This was an exploratory analysis of patients hospitalized for HF across 10 Canadian hospitals in the Patient‐Centered Care Transitions in HF (PACT‐HF) cluster‐randomized trial. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included all‐cause readmissions, HF readmissions, emergency department (ED) visits, and healthcare resource utilization. Outcomes were obtained via linkages with administrative datasets. Among 4441 patients discharged alive, 50.7% were female. By 5 years, 63.6% and 65.5% of male and female patients, respectively, had died (p = 0.19); 85.4% and 84.4%, respectively, were readmitted (p = 0.35); and 72.2% and 70.9%, respectively, received ED care without hospitalization (p = 0.34). There were no sex differences in mean [SD] number of all‐cause readmissions (males, 2.8 [7.8] and females, 3.0 [8.4], p = 0.54), HF readmissions (males, 0.9 [3.6] and females, 0.9 [4.5], p = 0.80), or ED visits (males, 1.8 [11.3] and females, 1.5 [6.0], p = 0.24) per person. There were no sex differences in mean [SD] annual direct healthcare cost per patient (males, $80 334 [116 762] versus females, $81 010 [112 625], p = 0.90), but males received more specialist, multidisciplinary HF clinic, haemodialysis, and day surgical care, and females received more home visits, continuing/convalescent care, and long‐term care. Annualized clinical events were highest in first year following index discharge in both males and females.

Conclusions

Among people discharged alive after hospitalization for HF, there were no sex differences in total and annual deaths, readmissions, and ED visits, or in total direct healthcare costs. Despite similar risk profiles, males received relatively more specialist care and day surgical procedures, and females received more supportive care.

Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02112227.
Alveolar epithelial cells shape lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory responses and reprogramming of alveolar macrophages
Authors: Jiang Wei , Chen Yeying , Yu Cheng‐Yun , Zou Benkun , Lu Yimeng , Yang Qian , Tang Zihui , Mao Weiying , Li Jing , Han Han , Shao Lingyun , Zeng Jiashun , Chu Yiwei , Tang Jianguo , Lu Mingfang
Published: November 2024

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are sentinels in the airways, where they sense and respond to invading microbes and other stimuli. Unlike macrophages in other locations, AMs can remain responsive to Gram‐negative lipopolysaccharides (LPS) after they have responded to LPS in vivo (they do not develop “endotoxin tolerance”), suggesting that the alveolar microenvironment may influence their responses. Although alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) normally limit AMs’ innate responses, preventing inflammation induced by harmless antigens in the lung, how AECs influence the innate responses of AMs to infectious agents has been uncertain. Here we report that (1) after exposure to aspirated (intranasal instillation) LPS, AMs increase their responses to TLR agonists and elevate their phagocytic and bactericidal activities in mice; (2) Aspirated LPS pre‐exposure increases host resistance to pulmonary infection caused by Gram‐negative bacteria and the protection effect lasts for at least 35 days; (3) LPS stimulation of AECs both increases AMs’ innate immune responses and prevents AMs from developing tolerance in vitro; (4) Upon LPS stimulation, AMs secreted TNF‐α induces AECs to release GM‐CSF, which potentiates AMs’ response. These experiments have revealed a previously unappreciated role that AECs may play in boosting the innate responses of AMs and promoting resistance to pulmonary infections.
An Intramolecular Bis(Amino)Phosphine‐Stabilised Phosphinidene: Synthesis and CuCl Coordination
Authors: Kreimer Lisa N. , Hadlington Terrance J.
Published: November 2024

Extending the available intramolecularly‐stabilised phosphinidene ligands, we report a novel naphthalene supported system derived from readily available starting materials. Specifically, 1,8‐bis(diaminophosphino)naphthalene, naphth‐1,8‐{P(NEt2)2}2 (1), reacts with ethereal HCl to form the mixed diphosphine naphth‐1‐(PCl2)‐8‐{P(NEt2)2} 2 as a phosphoranide Zwitterion, which is readily reduced with elemental Mg in forming the target intramolecularly‐stabilised phosphinidene 3. The electronic nature of this species is explored through computational DFT, NBO, and TD‐DFT analyses, indicating a high electron density at the PI centre, which delocalizes across the naphthalene ring lending this deep red‐purple compound its colour. The coordination capacity of 3 is demonstrated through its reaction with excess CuCl, which surprisingly leads to exclusive formation of the 2 : 1 complex of 3 to Cu, giving initial insights into the coordination chemistry of this novel ligand.
Uncertainty quantification for seismic response using dimensionality reduction‐based stochastic simulator
Authors: Kim Jungho , Wang Ziqi
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces a stochastic simulator for seismic uncertainty quantification, which is crucial for performance‐based earthquake engineering. The proposed simulator extends the recently developed dimensionality reduction‐based surrogate modeling method (DR‐SM) to address high‐dimensional ground motion uncertainties and the high computational demands associated with nonlinear response history analyses. By integrating physics‐based dimensionality reduction with multivariate conditional distribution models, the proposed simulator efficiently propagates seismic input into multivariate response quantities of interest. The simulator can incorporate both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties and does not assume distribution models for the seismic responses. The method is demonstrated through three finite element building models subjected to synthetic and recorded ground motions. The proposed method effectively predicts multivariate seismic responses and quantifies uncertainties, including correlations among responses.
A Kalman filter‐Hungarian algorithm with a postprocessor for tracking aeolian saltating particle in high‐speed video
Authors: Mei Fanmin , Zhou Hongji , Su Jin , Chen Jinguang
Published: November 2024

Saltating particle tracking (SPT) is an essential visualized channel to understand the dynamics of aeolian saltation at sand particle size scale, while the published SPTs could have low recall or accuracy rate and misestimate further saltation intensity. Hence, a Kalman filter‐Hungarian algorithm with a postprocessor (KF‐H‐k) was proposed, where the Kalman filter was employed for predicting particle motion, and the Hungarian algorithm for optimizing global assignment, as well as the postprocessor with k‐means cluster for correcting the erroneous recovered tracks by Kalman filter‐Hungarian algorithm. The new SPT was validated in a digital high‐speed video with various particle concentrations from a wind tunnel experiment. It demonstrated that compared with the previous SPTs, KF‐H‐k kept the highest and most stable accuracy (85% ~ 93%), the best spatial resolution, the moderate recall rate (50% ~ 70%) and time cost. The present work offers a new hybrid scheme for tracking sand particles accurately but alsodatasets for automatically identifying saltating tracks via machine learning models, very critical for insight into new hypothesis on sand ripple formation.
Machine Learning Applied to Lithium‐Ion Battery State Estimation for Electric Vehicles: Method Theoretical, Technological Status, and Future Development
Authors: Xiao Yang , Shi Xiong , Li Xiangmin , Duan Yifan , Li Xiyu , Zhang Jiaxing , Luo Tong , Wang Jiayang , Tan Yihang , Gao Zhenhai , Wang Deping , Yuan Quan
Published: November 2024

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are extensively utilized in electric vehicles due to their high energy density and cost‐effectiveness. LIBs exhibit dynamic and nonlinear characteristics, which raise significant safety concerns for electric vehicles. Accurate and real‐time battery state estimation can enhance safety performance and prolong battery lifespan. With the rapid advancement of big data, machine learning (ML) holds substantial promise for state estimation. This paper systematically reviews several common ML algorithms, detailing the basic principles of each and illustrating their structures with flowcharts. We compare the advantages and disadvantages of various methods. Subsequently, we discuss feature extraction techniques employed in recent studies for estimating state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), state of power (SOP), and remaining useful life (RUL), as well as the application of these ML methods in state estimation. Finally, we discuss the challenges associated with using ML methods for state estimation and outline future development trends.
Machine‐Learning‐Based Accurate Prediction of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Temperature Rise Under Different Charge–Discharge Conditions
Authors: Anirudh Narayan D. , Johar Akshat , Kalra Divye , Ardeshna Bhavya , Bhattacharjee Ankur
Published: November 2024

Accurate prediction of battery temperature rise is very essential for designing efficient thermal management scheme. In this paper, machine learning (ML)‐based prediction of vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) thermal behavior during charge–discharge operation has been demonstrated for the first time. Considering different currents with a specified electrolyte flow rate, the temperature of a kW scale VRFB system is studied through experiments. Three different ML algorithms; linear regression (LR), support vector regression (SVR), and extreme gradient boost (XGBoost) have been used for prediction. The training and validation of ML algorithms have been done by the practical dataset of a 1 kW 6 kWh VRFB storage under 40 , 45, 50, and 60 A charge–discharge currents and 10 L min−1 of flow rate. A comparative analysis among ML algorithms is done by performance metrics such as correlation coefficient (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE). XGBoost shows the highest R2 value of around 0.99, which indicates its higher prediction accuracy compared to other ML algorithms used. The ML‐based prediction results obtained in this work can be very useful for controlling the VRFB temperature rise during operation and act as an indicator toward further development of an optimized thermal management system.
Exploring Drought Responses in Mexican Soybeans: Plant Water Status, Shoot and Root Biomass, and Root System Architecture
Authors: García‐Rodríguez Julio C. , Manzo‐Valencia María K. , Olalde‐Portugal Víctor , Valdés‐Rodríguez Silvia E.
Published: November 2024

Drought stress is the primary abiotic threat to soybean production. Drought tolerance mechanisms in Mexican soybeans have not yet been fully studied. We examined the responses of three Mexican soybean genotypes, with varying maturities, to progressive drought stress and recovery irrigation, regarding plant water status, biomass traits, root system architecture, and their relationships. Genotypes I1240, I700 (intermediate maturity), and E2309 (early maturity) were examined since they showed drought tolerance characteristics under field conditions in previous studies. Drought stress was applied at the R2 growth stage for 17 days, after that irrigation was restored. Control plants were irrigated normally throughout the study. Responses to severe drought stress were different depending on the genotype. Early genotype E2309 exhibited a wider root system and tolerated drought stress maintaining shoot biomass and root characteristics at a low plant water potential. Intermediate genotypes, I1240 and I700, avoided drought stress achieving a greater root system at a higher plant water potential. Due to drought, genotype I1240 showed a more prominent increase in root diameter; meanwhile, root biomass was not decreased in genotype I700. Genotype I700 displayed a longer root system with the highest root‐to‐shoot ratio and recovered root growth more efficiently after recovery irrigation. General effects also indicated a longer root system in this genotype. Therefore, it could be used as a genetic source to improve root traits to cope with drought. Morphological and biomass root traits are suitable for selecting drought stress–tolerant soybean genotypes.
Optimizing Probiotic Low‐Fat Yogurt: The Benefits of Incorporating Defatted Rice Bran for Enhanced Quality and Functionality
Authors: Alsaleem Khalid A. , Hamouda Mahmoud E. A.
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the effects of incorporating defatted rice bran (DRB) at different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) on the quality, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of probiotic low‐fat yogurt (LFY) during a 21‐day storage period at 4°C. DRB is rich in dietary fiber, essential amino acids, vitamins, and bioactive compounds, and its addition aimed to enhance the nutritional and functional properties of LFY. LFY samples were evaluated for proximate composition, hardness, viscosity, syneresis, color characteristics, rheology, and sensory evaluation. Also, microbiological analysis includes total bacterial counts (TBC), Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum counts. Results indicated that DRB addition significantly (p < 0.05) increased probiotic counts, especially at 1% and 1.5% concentrations, with these samples maintaining higher bacterial stability over the storage period. DRB‐added LFY also showed improved nutritional profiles, with increased TS, protein, ash, fiber, and antioxidant activity. Additionally, hardness, viscosity, and rheology (G′ and G″) values significantly (p < 0.05) increased with the addition of DRB, while syneresis significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. However, higher DRB concentrations negatively affected the color, with lightness decreasing and the browning index increasing. This also impacted sensory characteristics, resulting in lower scores for color, flavor, and overall acceptability, particularly in LFY with 2% DRB. To conclude, moderate DRB addition (up to 1.5%) optimally balances the enhancement of probiotic and nutritional properties with acceptable sensory quality offering a viable strategy for producing functional low‐fat yogurt.
The addition of cannabis to prescription drug monitoring programs and medication fills in Medicaid
Authors: Steuart Shelby R.
Published: November 2024

To date, there is considerable evidence of the medical applications of cannabis, however concerns regarding the safety of cannabis are also mounting. To improve the safety of cannabis, nine states have added medical cannabis to their state PDMPs, helping providers to take patient cannabis use into consideration when making prescribing decisions. Across a variety of models using Medicaid State Drug Utilization claims data, I find statistically significant reductions in severely and moderately contraindicated medication fills across two outcomes. In my main specification, adding cannabis to a state PDMP is associated with a 14.4% (p < 0.01) and 7.74% (p < 0.001) decrease in the units per prescription, for severely and moderately contraindicated medications, respectively, as compared to states with legal medical cannabis dispensaries open. An interesting spillover effect of adding cannabis to PDMPs is an apparent decrease in the prescribing of scheduled narcotics, with Schedule II medications seeing a moderately significant decrease and Schedule IV medications seeing a 11.4% decrease (p < 0.01) in the prescribing rate and a 16.2% decrease (p < 0.001) in the units per prescription. The main analysis was conducted using the Borusyak et al. (2023) Imputation Estimator with a robustness check using the Callaway and Sant’Anna (2021) difference‐in‐difference. This work presents evidence that adding cannabis to a state PDMP impacts provider prescribing decisions involving medications that are contraindicated for use with cannabis as well as controlled substances. This paper demonstrates that adding cannabis to PDMPs influences prescribing and thus has the potential to make medical cannabis use safer. Conversely, this work indicates providers may have bias against patients who use cannabis and deny them life‐improving medications (like controlled ADHD medication or opioids) on the basis of medical cannabis use. This paper also contributes to the literature comparing DD outcomes estimated using Borusyak, Jaravel, and Spiess' (2023) Imputation Estimator and Callaway and Sant’Anna's (2021) DD Estimator.
The Prognostic Importance of Radiologic Extranodal Extension in Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Liao Yu‐Hao , Chen Ya‐Fang , Hsieh Min‐Shu , Lin Mei‐Chun , Wang Chun‐Wei , Wang Cheng‐Ping , Lou Pei‐Jen , Chen Tseng‐Cheng
Published: November 2024

Background

Extranodal extension (ENE) had been included in the latest cancer staging system in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HypoSCC). However, the impact of ENE on HypoSCC survival and treatment outcomes are still unclear.

Methods

Records from all HypoSCC patients diagnosed at the National Taiwan University Hospital from January 2007 to December 2018 were reviewed. All patients were divided into two groups, with or without ENE. Clinical features, pathological factors, and survival rates between the two groups were reviewed.

Results

We analyzed data from 388 HypoSCC patients, 125 (32.22%) with and 263 (67.78%) without ENE. The 5‐year overall survival of the HypoSCC patients with radiological ENE, pathological ENE, and without ENE were 22.9%, 40.3%, and 55.5%. From the multivariate analysis, primary T3/T4 classification (p = 0.001) and radiological ENE (p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for disease‐free and overall survival (OS). Finally, upfront neck dissection may significantly benefit disease‐free survival (DFS) and neck nodal control in ENE+ (p = 0.002 and p = 0.007, respectively) or ENE− patients (p = 0.003 and p = 0.02, respectively).

Conclusion

More than one‐third of HypoSCC patients have ENE, with significantly lower OS and DFS. The upfront neck dissection could provide better DFS and neck nodal control.
Smoking behavior and the risks of tumor recurrence and progression in patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Kiebach Joann , Beeren Ivy , Aben Katja K. H. , Witjes J. Alfred , van der Heijden Antoine G. , Kiemeney Lambertus A. L. M. , Vrieling Alina
Published: November 2024

Studies on the relationship of cigarette smoking with the risks of recurrence and progression of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) are inconsistent and prospective data are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association of smoking behavior with risks of NMIBC recurrence and progression. We used data of the prospective multi‐center cohort study UroLife, including 1495 patients with NMIBC who reported information on smoking at 6 weeks post‐diagnosis (baseline; reflecting present and pre‐diagnosis). This included smoking status (also based on reporting 3 months post‐diagnosis), intensity, duration, pack years, and time since smoking cessation, if applicable. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risks of first recurrence, multiple recurrences, and progression were computed using multivariable proportional hazards regression models. During a total median follow‐up period of 4.6 years, 517 patients developed ≥1 recurrence and 163 had progression. Higher versus lowest categories of smoking intensities and pack years up to baseline were significantly associated with a higher risk of first recurrence. No significant linear associations were found, except for smoking intensity among BCG‐treated patients (per 10 cigarettes/day increase: HR 1.23, 95%CI 1.02, 1.48). No associations for smoking status, duration, and time since cessation were observed. Analyses of multiple recurrence risk showed comparable results. Regarding progression risk, no consistent associations were found. In conclusion, heavier smoking was associated with higher recurrence risk, particularly among BCG‐treated patients. This may be attributable to persistent damage through its carcinogenic compounds. Given the mixed results across different exposures, the effect of smoking behavior on NMIBC prognosis remains unclear.
A rare case of retroperitoneal recurrence as squamous cell carcinoma 10 years after nephroureterectomy
Authors: Uehara Koichiro , Onuki Tatsuaki , Ishibashi Yukari , Matsunuma Sayuki , Ishida Hiroaki , Kumagai Jiro , Murakami Takayuki
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Local recurrence for upper tract urothelial carcinoma typically occurs within 2 years post‐surgery. We report a rare case of retroperitoneal recurrence as squamous cell carcinoma 10 years after nephroureterectomy.

Case presentation

A 67‐year‐old female was referred to our urology department for a left ureteral tumor. The surgical specimen of the laparoscopic left nephroureterectomy revealed urothelial carcinoma at the pT3 stage. Ten years post‐nephroureterectomy, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed a mass lesion in the left retroperitoneum, a computed tomography‐guided biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma. Despite suspected distant metastases of other organ tumors, examinations such as digestive endoscopy and bronchoscopy did not reveal any tumor lesions. The patient was diagnosed with recurrent invasive urothelial carcinoma as a pathological feature of squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusion

The decision‐making process for treating malignant tumors, such as in cases with recurrence as squamous cell carcinoma, can be challenging.
Developmental Imaging of Radish Sprouts Using Dynamic Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Lim Yiheng , Kojima Shumpei , Mukherjee Pradipta , El‐Sadek Ibrahim Abd , Makita Shuichi , Yasuno Yoshiaki
Published: November 2024

The germination process of radish sprouts was investigated in detail using volumetric dynamic optical coherence tomography (OCT). Dynamic OCT involves the sequential acquisition of 16 OCT images and subsequent temporal variance analysis of each pixel, enabling non‐invasive visualization of the cellular and tissue activities of plants. The radish sprouts were longitudinally investigated for up to 12 days, and changes in morphology and dynamic OCT image patterns were observed as the plants developed. The dynamic OCT signals in the vessels and growing roots were relatively high in the early stage of germination and decreased as the tissue matured. These results suggest that dynamic OCT is sensitive to water and nutrient transport as well as cellular activities associated with plant growth.
Impact of Overweight on Renal Prognosis in Malignant Hypertension Patients With Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Authors: He Feng , Zhou Zhaocai , Zhao Sheng , Li Wenchuan , Lian Xingji , Yu Jianwen , Lin Zhengmei , Song Zhi , Chen Wei , Li Jianbo
Published: November 2024

Objective

Overweight and obesity is a risk factor for hypertension. Malignant hypertension (MHT) is the most severe form of hypertension, and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), one of its complications, has been linked to significant renal outcomes. However, the impact of overweight and obesity on renal prognosis in MHT patients with TMA is not well understood.

Methods

This was a prospective cohort enrolled 288 MHT patients with renal TMA from 2008 to 2023. The clinical and histopathological characteristics were recorded based on body mass index (BMI, < 25 and ≥ 25 kg/m2). The outcome was the incidence of kidney failure. The associations of BMI with kidney failure were examined in logistic regression models.

Results

Among 288 patients, 180 (62.5%) progressed to kidney failure, including 113 (68.5%) patients with BMI < 25 kg/m2. Participants with obesity had higher levels of hemoglobin, estimated glomerular filtration rate and C3, but lower levels of serum creatinine and IgA nephropathy. BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 was associated with a better outcome of kidney failure in MHT patients with TMA (odd ratios [ORs]: 0.49 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27–0.91], p = 0.025). Male, uric acid, onion skin lesions, and global sclerosis ratio were correlated with higher risk of kidney failure; serum albumin and treatment with renin–angiotensin system blockers were related to lower risk of kidney failure.

Conclusions

In MHT patients with renal TMA, normal‐weight rather than overweight was found to associate with a worse renal prognosis. Management efforts for MHT may be directed toward controlling body weight within a reasonable range for patients.
Enhancing research methods: The role of systematic and scoping reviews in orthopaedics, sports medicine and rehabilitation
Authors: Prill Robert , Królikowska Aleksandra , Enes Kayaalp M. , Ramadanov Nikolai , Karlsson Jon , Hirschmann Michael T.
Published: November 2024

Efforts to improve research standards in orthopaedics, sports medicine, physical therapy, and rehabilitation are ongoing. Rrehabilitation andomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) are widely regarded as the gold standard for the collection of primary data. Similarly, systematic reviews, due to their methodological rigor, have become the gold standard for evidence synthesis in medicine. However, while narrative reviews often lack scientific rigor and systematic reviews are not suited to addressing all research questions, other robust review formats are necessary. When the outcomes of interest are unknown or difficult to define in advance, scoping or mapping reviews are more appropriate, as they can address a broader range of questions within the field. Consequently, it is essential to establish rigorous methods for conducting scoping reviews across medical disciplines.
Patient‐reported outcome measures following individualised TKA are not affected by the degree of preoperative coronal varus or valgus laxity
Authors: Sappey‐Marinier Elliot , Bouguerra Margot , Chapuis Romain ,   ReSurg, Aït‐Si‐Selmi Tarik , Bonnin Michel P.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To determine whether there is a correlation between preoperative coronal varus or valgus laxity and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) 2 years after individualised total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

Records of 150 consecutive patients who received individualised TKA were retrospectively analysed, and 126 with complete pre‐ and postoperative data were included. Preoperative coronal varus and valgus stress radiographs (15 N load) were taken using a telos stress device with the knee in 5°–10° of flexion. Varus stress angles were positive if the joint opened on the lateral side, and valgus stress angles were positive if the joint opened on the medial side. The sum of varus and valgus stress angles indicated total joint laxity. During surgery, cases that required tibial recuts to balance the joint were recorded. Patients completed three PROMs and rated their satisfaction. Correlations between laxity and PROMs were evaluated using Pearson's correlation.

Results

Stress radiographs revealed varus stress angles of 6.3° ± 3.5° (range, −4.5° to 14.1°), valgus stress angles of 0.1° ± 3.7° (range, −8.0° to 10.9°), and the sum of the varus and valgus stress angle of 6.4° ± 3.3° (range, 0.1° to 17.1°). There were no correlations between laxity and PROMs: r < 0.160 for varus stress angle, r < 0.180 for valgus stress angle and r < 0.160 for the sum of stress angles. There were no statistically significant or clinically relevant differences in PROMs between knees without and those with tibial recuts.

Conclusion

Preoperative coronal varus or valgus laxity was not correlated with PROMs following individualised TKA at a minimum 2‐year follow‐up. Individualised TKA with personalised alignment enables adequate accommodation of a broad spectrum of preoperative coronal varus–valgus laxities.

Level of Evidence

IV
Effects of Different Wheat Varieties on Soil Bacterial and Fungal Communities
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Minghui , Cai Hua , Li Shuo , Shen Zhen , Li Xingchen
Published: November 2024

The diversity and stability of soil microbial communities are indispensable components for maintaining the functions and services of agricultural ecosystems and play crucial roles in wheat production. However, the effects of different wheat varieties on soil microbial diversity, network complexity, stability, and assembly mechanisms remain largely unexplored. To bridge this research gap, we conducted field experiments in Chuzhou, China, to study the yield and soil microbial community composition of six different wheat varieties. The soil bacterial and fungal communities were investigated using high‐throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA and ITS gene regions. Our findings indicated that, compared to common wheat, high‐yielding and disease‐resistant (HD) wheat increased both bacterial and fungal α‐diversity by regulating soil nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, significantly affecting community structure (Adonis, p < 0.001). HD wheat significantly altered the co‐occurrence network patterns of soil microbial communities. Network analyses revealed that HD wheat increased the complexity of fungal networks while exhibiting the opposite trend for bacterial networks. However, both the bacterial and fungal networks demonstrated increased stability. Furthermore, HD wheat may increase microbial migration rates, influencing assembly processes by promoting stochastic processes in bacterial and fungal communities. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the ecological functions and driving factors of soil microbes, offering information for the development of ecological management strategies to achieve sustainable wheat cultivation and improve soil quality. Furthermore, HD wheat significantly modified the co‐occurrence network patterns of the soil microbial communities. Network analysis revealed increased fungal network complexity in HD wheat, whereas bacterial networks showed the opposite trend. However, both the bacterial and fungal networks exhibited enhanced stability. Additionally, HD wheat likely increased microbial migration rates, influencing assembly processes by promoting stochastic processes in both bacterial and fungal communities. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the ecological functions and driving factors of soil microbes, providing information for the development of ecological management strategies to achieve sustainable wheat cultivation and improve soil quality.
Variability of Soil Aggregate Disintegration During Splash Erosion Under Different Circumstances
Authors: Li Hairu , Liu Gang , Liu Ya , Han Yuqian , Liu Chang , Dan Chenxi , Shen Enshuai , Xia Xiaolin , Liu Dandan , Guo Zhen , Zhao Xining
Published: November 2024

The duration of rainfall is a significant factor in the process of splash erosion. Nevertheless, there is a lack of comprehensive documentation regarding the extent and characteristic of soil aggregate disintegration resulting from raindrop impact during splash erosion. To examine the properties of the aggregate disintegration mechanism during various of splash erosion, three soil samples (S‐1, S‐2, and S‐3 labeled as the organic matter was 19.77, 31.70, and 26.83 g kg−1) were employed to simulated splash erosion under six durations of rainfall (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 min). Aggregates ranging in size from 1 to 5 mm were utilized in the preparation of test soils for different antecedent moisture contents (3%, 5%, 10%, and 15%). The result demonstrated that the slaking effect, as observed in the fast wetting of the Le Bissonnais method, is attributed to the sudden release of air entering the water, irrespective of the water immersion duration. Upon increasing moisture content, under fast wetting conditions, the mean weight diameter (MWD) values for S‐2 and S‐3 samples increased from 1.25 and 1.31 to 1.85 and 1.61, respectively. Subsequently, at a moisture content of 10%, the MWD decreased to 1.84 and 1.49 for S‐2 and S‐3 samples, respectively. In contrast, S‐1 sample exhibited an increasing trend from 0.34 to 0.93. The sensitivity of aggregates to disintegration from slaking (RSI) decreased by 0.58, 0.43, and 0.29, while mechanical impact (RMI) decreased by 0.23, 0.11, and 0.08 with increasing moisture content, respectively. The rate of splash erosion for the S‐1 sample exhibited an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease as the duration of rainfall increased. The S‐1 sample, with the lowest organic matter content, exhibited the highest content of microaggregate content (< 0.25 mm) of splashed particles (referring to soil particles transported out of the splash area by raindrops), ranging from 31.62% to 65.57%. The content of macroaggregate (> 0.25 mm) in the residual soil (indicating soil particles that were left in the area affected by splashing) exhibited a gradual reduction as the duration of rainfall increased. As the soil reached saturation, the influence of physicochemical dispersion became more pronounced with the prolonged duration of rainfall. The forces of slaking and physicochemical dispersion predominantly disrupted > 1 mm aggregates, while the destruction of aggregates within the 0.25–1 mm range was insufficient. This study is valuable for understanding the splash erosion process and provides a scientific foundation for the improvement of soil erosion prediction models.
Application of Spectral Imaging and Vegetation Index in Latin American Coffee Production: A Systematic Mapping
Authors: Apraez Laura Sofia Caicedo , Pino Andrés Felipe Solis , Ossa Andres , Vasquez Carlos Iván , Solarte Juan David , Cabrera Efrén Venancio Ramos , Ruiz Saul Eduardo
Published: November 2024

Coffee production is a crucial economic, social, and cultural pillar in Latin America, facing numerous challenges, including integrating technological advancements such as multispectral imaging. This approach offers multiple advantages for coffee production; however, a knowledge gap in the domain is the need to methodologically review the available empirical evidence to delineate the field and the study region. Therefore, this systematic mapping aims to map the scientific corpus of multispectral imagery and vegetation index implemented in coffee production in the Latin American region. The study followed the PRISMA protocol; 42 primary studies were analyzed to identify key trends and research gaps. The main result of this research is that NDVI emerged as the most widely used spectral index, with applications in estimating critical biophysical parameters such as biomass and chlorophyll content. Other indices such as GNDVI, NDRE, and SAVI also proved valuable in assessing coffee plant health and development. There was an emerging trend to integrate multispectral imaging with machine learning techniques, promising greater accuracy in data interpretation. The study also revealed a concentration of research efforts in selected Latin American countries, particularly Brazil, indicating opportunities to expand research in other coffee‐producing regions. The study's main conclusion is that multispectral imaging, mainly through vegetation index, has emerged as a valuable tool for phenological monitoring and management of coffee production, offering several advantages over traditional methods. Finally, this review contributes to the existing knowledge base and identifies future research directions for applying multispectral imagery to sustainable coffee production in Latin America.
Effect of a tropical cyclone on the pelagic ecosystem of a continental shelf
Authors: Chen Chung‐Chi , Hsieh Chih‐hao , Cheng Yu‐Hsin , Huang Wei‐Jen , Chou Wen‐Chen , Shiah Fuh‐Kwo , Gong Gwo‐Ching , Chen Tzong‐Yueh
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to comprehend the effects of Typhoon Maria on the pelagic ecosystem in the southern East China Sea. Shipboard measurements were conducted at eight sampling stations before (2–4 d) and after (3–6 d) the typhoon, which enabled the evaluation of the potential impacts of the typhoon on this pelagic ecosystem, with particular focus on carbon dynamics. Following the typhoon's passage, there was a slight drop in sea surface temperature. The response of the variables to the typhoon, however, exhibited variations at different sampling stations. For further analysis, t‐tests compared variables, while type II regression assessed the linear correlation between two variables. Overall, during the post‐typhoon period, concentrations of nitrate, chlorophyll a, primary production, bacterial biomass and production, plankton community respiration, and abundance of large phytoplankton (> 2 μm) and the relative abundance of picophytoplankton among larger‐sized picoeukaryotes were higher compared to the pre‐typhoon period. The mean value of fugacity of CO2 was similar to or slightly lower than pre‐typhoon period. Although the typhoon‐induced vigorous primary production might have absorbed a significant amount of CO2, the decrease in fugacity of CO2 could have been offset by the plankton community respiration. The findings suggest that the typhoon enhanced physical disturbance and increased water column mixing, which, in turn, augmented nutrient availability and promoted plankton growth in the shallow water column. Overall, this study sheds light on the complex interactions between typhoons and marine ecosystems and highlights the importance of further investigating these phenomena to better understand their ecological implications.
Lubrication Prediction of Sphere‐Gradient Coated Half Space Interfaces
Authors: Gong Xiaoya , He Tao
Published: November 2024

Functionally graded coating (FGC) has played a pivotal role in numerous engineering applications owing to its exceptional properties. This work proposes a novel elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) model with FGC, in which the elastic deformation and stress are computed using influence coefficients (ICs) and discrete convolution‐fast Fourier transform (DC‐FFT) algorithm. Comparisons are made with homogeneous EHL solutions and finite element analysis (FEA) to validate its accuracy. The study systematically explores how coating elastic modulus, coating thickness and substrate elastic modulus influence contact and lubrication behaviours. The developed model is expected to establish a theoretical framework for FGC material design, enhancing the performance of friction pairs.
Numerical Thermal Analysis of Greased Rolling Bearing Considering Surface Topography and Plastic Deformation
Authors: Li Jiaqi , An Linxue , Huang Yuping , Li Zhenshun , An Ben , Guan Ben , Li Rui
Published: November 2024

In numerical studies of grease lubrication, thermal effect is often neglected and surface plastic deformation is almost not considered. This paper has developed a deterministic thermal plasto‐elastohydrodynamic lubrication (PEHL) model for grease‐lubricated rolling bearing. The influence of tangent modulus, rheological index and texture orientation on lubrication characteristics and temperature rise is analysed. The results show that increasing the rheological index of grease and decreasing the wavelength factor are obviously positive for improving lubrication behaviour. Since surface plastic deformation in the EHL state is at nanoscale, film thickness, friction coefficient and temperature rise of solid surfaces decline slightly with the decrease of tangent modulus.
Mechanical Recycling of New and Challenging Polymer Systems: A Brief Overview
Authors: Titone Vincenzo , Botta Luigi , La Mantia Francesco Paolo
Published: November 2024

Pollution from plastics is a major issue in the current context, prompting the scientific community to focus its efforts on recycling these materials. Mechanical recycling emerges as the most popular due to its practicality and cost‐effectiveness. In fact, with the increase in environmental awareness, the adoption of new circular economy models, stricter regulations mandating disposal and recycling, and lower costs compared to other recycling techniques, this type of recycling is taking a predominant role over other method. However, the presence of a variety of products of different polymeric nature, the introduction of new biodegradable products, and the complexity of multilayer packaging combining different polymers, without concrete solutions for recycling create a heterogeneous range of materials that leaks into the environment. The scientific literature is actively addressing these challenges, and this review aims to explore the latest strategies for enhancing the mechanical recycling of new and challenging polymer systems. Specifically, it explores the recycling of materials originally designated for landfill, incineration or composting, focusing on advancements in management of these previously overlooked and problematic system. This underexplored perspective seeks to offer new insights and innovative solutions that can transform polymer waste management and advance more sustainable recycling practices.
Global existence of spherically symmetric solutions for isothermal Euler‐Poisson system outside a ball
Authors: Liu Lingjun
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we consider an isothermal Euler‐Poisson system with self‐gravitational force, modeling a compact star such as a strange quark star. We prove that there exists a global entropy solution with spherical symmetry outside a ball, through the fractional Lax‐Friedrichs scheme and the theory of compensated compactness.
A physical classification of Killing magnetic fields in Thurston geometries
Authors: Dündar Furkan Semih , Kelekçi Özgür , Ayar Gülhan
Published: November 2024

In recent years, numerous studies have appeared that considered Killing vectors of three‐dimensional Riemannian manifolds as magnetic fields, since these vector fields are divergenceless by definition. The existence of adivergenceless vector field modeled as a magnetic field does not imply that it is physically realizable. In this study, we propose a physical classification scheme based on the divergences of the integral that defines the energy of a Killing magnetic field. We consider all the Killing magnetic fields of Thurston geometries studied in the literature and classify them as either physical or nonphysical.
Optical solitons, qualitative analysis, and chaotic behaviors to the highly dispersive nonlinear perturbation Schrödinger equation
Authors: Chen Yu‐Fei
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we study the highly dispersive nonlinear perturbation Schrödinger equation, which has arbitrary form of Kudryashov's with sextic‐power law refractive index and generalized nonlocal laws. For the equation has highly dispersive nonlinear terms and higher order derivatives, it cannot be integrated directly, so we build an integrable factor equation for the approximated equation and apply the trial equation method and the complete discrimination system for polynomial method to create new soliton solutions. On the other hand, we use the bifurcation theory to qualitatively analyze the equation and find the model has periodic solutions, bell‐shaped soliton solutions, and solitary wave solutions via phase diagrams. The topological stability of the solutions with respect to the parameters is explored in order to better understand the effect of parameters perturbations on the stability of the model's solutions. Furthermore, we analyze the modulation instability and give the corresponding linear criterion. After accounting for external perturbation terms, we analyze the chaotic behaviors of the equation through the largest Lyapunov exponents and phase diagrams.
Quasi‐stabilization/synchronization of quaternion‐valued memristive neural networks: Norm approach
Authors: Li Ruoxia , Cao Jinde
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the quasi‐stabilization and synchronization of memristive neural networks in high dimensional forms. First, new criteria for the existence of the equilibrium point (EP) are delivered by contraction mapping principle. Then, a new Lyapunov function described with one‐norm form is imported for quasi‐stabilization/synchronization of the system. Finally, two numerical examples containing simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness.
Multi‐organ kinetic modeling for Na[18F]F pre‐clinical total‐body PET studies
Authors: Benitez‐Aurioles Jose , Clegg Paul S. , Alcaide‐Corral Carlos J. , Wimberley Catriona , Tavares Adriana A. S.
Published: November 2024

Background

Total‐body positron emission tomography (PET), already well‐established in the pre‐clinical setting, makes it possible to study multi‐parameters in biological systems as a whole, rather than focusing on single tissues analysis. Simultaneous kinetic analysis of multiple organs poses some daunting new challenges.

Purpose

To explore quantifying the pharmacokinetics of Na[18F]F in multiple dissimilar murine organs simultaneously in vivo with total‐body PET imaging using different compartmental models for each organ and a shared cardiovascular system.

Methods

Six mice underwent a 60‐min total‐body PET scan following intravenous bolus injection of Na[18F]F. Compartmental models were constructed for each organ (heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, and bone) using an image derived input function. Non‐linear least squares fitting of a model that connects the five organs to a shared cardiovascular system was used to analyze both the first 3 min of data and the full hour. Analysis was repeated 5000 times using different initial parameter values for each duration, permitting analysis of correlations between parameters.

Results

The models give a good qualitative account of the activity curves irrespective of the duration of the data; however, the quality of the fits to 3 min of data (average is 2.72) was generally better. Comparison of perfusion values to literature values was possible for the liver and lungs with the former (liver, 0.540 ± 0.177 mL/ml/min) being well‐above expectations and the latter (lungs, 0.184 ± 0.413 mL/ml/min) in rough agreement. Correlations between microparameter values (especially affecting k2) caused very noticeable problems for data modeling from both the kidneys and the femur.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrates an approach to performing kinetic modeling for multiple organs simultaneously with Na[18F]F. The observed correlations between microparameter values remain a challenge. Nonetheless, many microparameters can be estimated reliably with a quantitative analysis of perfusion being possible for some organs.