bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the response of soil carbon in Australia to changing inputs and climate using a consistent modelling framework
Authors: Lee Juhwan , Viscarra Rossel Raphael A. , Zhang Mingxi , Luo Zhongkui , Wang Ying-Ping
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Land use and management practices affect the response of soil organic carbon (C) to global change. Process-based models of soil C are useful tools to simulate C dynamics, but it is important to bridge any disconnect that exists between the data used to inform the models and the processes that they depict. To minimise that disconnect, we developed a consistent modelling framework that integrates new spatially explicit soil measurements and data with the Rothamsted carbon model (Roth C) and simulates the response of soil organic C to future climate change across Australia. We compiled publicly available continental-scale datasets and pre-processed, standardised and configured them to the required spatial and temporal resolutions. We then calibrated Roth C and ran simulations to estimate the baseline soil organic C stocks and composition in the 0–0.3 m layer at 4043 sites in cropping, modified grazing, native grazing and natural environments across Australia. We used data on the C fractions, the particulate, mineral-associated and resistant organic C (POC, MAOC and ROC, respectively) to represent the three main C pools in the Roth C model's structure. The model explained 97 %–98 % of the variation in measured total organic C in soils under cropping and grazing and 65 % in soils under natural environments. We optimised the model at each site and experimented with different amounts of C inputs to simulate the potential for C accumulation under constant climate in a 100-year simulation. With an annual increase of 1 Mg C ha−1 in C inputs, the model simulated a potential soil C increase of 13.58 (interquartile range 12.19–15.80), 14.21 (12.38–16.03) and 15.57 (12.07–17.82) Mg C ha−1 under cropping, modified grazing and native grazing and 3.52 (3.15–4.09) Mg C ha−1 under natural environments. With projected future changes in climate (+1.5, 2 and 5.0 ∘C) over 100 years, the simulations showed that soils under natural environments lost the most C, between 3.1 and 4.5 Mg C ha−1, while soils under native grazing lost the least, between 0.4 and 0.7 Mg C ha−1. Soil under cropping lost between 1 and 2.7 Mg C ha−1, while those under modified grazing showed a slight increase with temperature increases of 1.5 ∘C, but with further increases of 2 and 5 ∘C the median loss of TOC was 0.28 and 3.4 Mg C ha−1, respectively. For the different land uses, the changes in the C fractions varied with changes in climate. An empirical assessment of the controls on the C change showed that climate, pH, total N, the C : N ratio and cropping were the most important controls on POC change. Clay content and climate were dominant controls on MAOC change. Consistent and explicit soil organic C simulations improve confidence in the model's estimations, facilitating the development of sustainable soil management under global change.
Dissolution of a submarine carbonate platform by a submerged lake of acidic seawater
Authors: Humphreys Matthew P. , Meesters Erik H. , de Haas Henk , Karancz Szabina , Delaigue Louise , Bakker Karel , Duineveld Gerard , de Goeyse Siham , Haas Andi , Mienis Furu , Ossebaar Sharyn , van Duyl Fleur C.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Submarine sinkholes are found on carbonate platforms around the world. They are thought to form and grow when groundwater interactions generate conditions corrosive to carbonate minerals. Because their morphology can restrict mixing and water exchange, the effects of biogeochemical processes can accumulate such that the sinkhole water properties considerably diverge from the surrounding ocean. Studies of sinkhole waters can therefore reveal new insights into marine biogeochemical cycles, thus sinkholes can be considered as 'natural laboratories' where the response of marine ecosystems to environmental variations can be investigated. We conducted the first measurements in recently discovered sinkholes on Luymes Bank, part of Saba Bank in the Caribbean Netherlands. Our measurements revealed a plume of gas bubbles rising from the seafloor in one of the sinkholes, which contained a constrained body of dense, low-oxygen ([O2] = 60.2 ± 2.6 μmol · kg−1), acidic (pHT = 6.24 ± 0.01) seawater that we term the 'acid lake'. Here, we investigate the physical and biogeochemical processes that gave rise to and sustain the acid lake, the chemistry of which is dominated by the bubble plume. We determine the provenance and fate of the acid lake’s waters, which we deduce must be continuously flowing through. We show that the acid lake is actively dissolving the carbonate platform, so the bubble plume may provide a novel mechanism for submarine sinkhole formation and growth. It is likely that the bubble plume is ephemeral and that other currently non-acidic sinkholes on Luymes Bank have previously experienced ‘acid lake’ phases. Conditions within the acid lake are too extreme to represent coming environmental change on human timescales but in some respects reflect the bulk ocean billions of years ago. Other Luymes Bank sinkholes host conditions analogous to projections for the end of the 21st century and could provide a venue for studies on the impacts of anthropogenic CO2 uptake by the ocean.
334-year coral record of surface temperature and salinity variability in the greater Agulhas Current region
Authors: Zinke Jens , Rühs Siren , Pfeiffer Miriam , Watanabe Takaaki K. , Grab Stefan , Garbe-Schönberg Dieter , Biastoch Arne
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The Agulhas Current (AC) off the southern tip of Africa is one of the strongest western boundary currents and a crucial chokepoint of inter-ocean heat and salt exchange between the Indian and the South Atlantic Ocean. However, large uncertainties remain concerning the sea surface temperature and salinity variability in the AC region and their driving mechanisms over longer time scales, due to short observational datasets and the highly dynamic nature of the region. Here, we present an annual coral skeletal Sr/Ca composite record paired with an established composite oxygen isotope record from Ifaty and Tulear reefs in southwestern Madagascar to obtain a 334 year-long (1661–1995) reconstruction of δ18Oseawater changes related to surface salinity variability in the wider Agulhas Current region. Our new annual δ18Oseawater composite record from Ifaty traces surface salinity of the southern Mozambique Channel and AC core region from the SODA reanalysis since 1958. δ18Oseawater appears mainly driven by large-scale wind forcing in the southern Indian Ocean on interannual to decadal time scales. The δ18Oseawater and SST at Ifaty show characteristic interannual variability of between 2 to 4 years, typical for ENSO. Lagged correlations with the Multivariate ENSO index reveals a 1–2 year lag of δ18Oseawater and salinity at Ifaty and the AC region, suggesting that propagation of anomalies by ocean Rossby waves may contribute to salinity changes in the wider southwestern Indian Ocean. The δ18Oseawater and SST reconstructions at Ifaty reveal the highest interannual variability during the Little Ice Age, especially around 1700, which is in agreement with other Indo-Pacific coral studies. Our study demonstrates the huge potential to unlock past interannual and decadal changes in surface ocean hydrology and ocean transport dynamics from coral δ18Oseawater beyond the short instrumental record.
The Spatiotemporal Regime of Glacier Runoff in Oases Indicates the Potential Climatic Risk in Dryland Areas of China
Authors: Leng Xuejing , Feng Xiaoming , Fu Bojie , Zhang Yu
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Glaciers continuously affected by climate change are of great concern; their supply and runoff variation tendency under the pressure of increasing populations, especially in dryland areas, should be studied. Due to the difficulty of observing glacier runoff, little attention has been given to establishing high-resolution and long-term series datasets established for glacial runoff. Using the latest dataset using digital elevation models (DEMs) to obtain regional individual glacier mass balance, simulating the spatiotemporal regime of glacier runoff in oases that support almost the entire income in the dryland areas of China (DAC) could be possible. The simulations quantitatively assess glacier runoff, including meltwater runoff and delayed runoff, in each basin of the DAC at a spatial resolution of 100 m from 1961 to 2015, classify glaciers according to the potential climatic risks based on the prediction results. The total glacier runoff in the DAC is (98.52 ± 67.37) × 108 m3, in which the meltwater runoff is (63.43 ± 42.17) × 108 m3, accounting for 64.38 %. Most basins had continuously increasing tendencies of different magnitudes from 1961 to 2015, except for the Shiyang River basin, which reached its peak in approximately 2000. Glacier runoff nurtured nearly 143,939.24 km2 of oasis agricultural areas (OAA) until 2015, while 19 regions with a total population of 14 million were built alongside the oases, where glacier runoff occupies an important place in agricultural, industrial and municipal water consumption. Therefore, providing a long time series of glacier runoff for different river basins is of great significance to the sustainable development of the oasis economy in the arid zones.
A Stochastic Covariance Shrinkage Approach to Particle Rejuvenation in the Ensemble Transform Particle Filter
Authors: Popov Andrey A. , Subrahmanya Amit N. , Sandu Adrian
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Rejuvenation in particle filters is necessary to prevent the collapse of the weights when the number of particles is insufficient to sample the high probability regions of the state space. Rejuvenation is often implemented in a heuristic manner by the addition of stochastic samples that widen the support of the ensemble. This work aims at improving canonical rejuvenation methodology by the introduction of additional prior information obtained from climatological samples; the dynamical particles used for importance sampling are augmented with samples obtained from stochastic covariance shrinkage. The ensemble transport particle filter, and its second order variant, are extended with the proposed rejuvenation approach. Numerical experiments show that modified filters significantly improve the analyses for low dynamical ensemble sizes.
Modeling enhanced firn densification due to strain softening
Authors: Oraschewski Falk M. , Grinsted Aslak
Published: September 2021

Abstract. In the accumulation zone of glaciers and ice sheets snow is transformed into glacial ice by firn densification. Classically, this processes is assumed to solely depend on temperature and overburden pressure which is controlled by the accumulation rate. However, exceptionally thin firn layers have been observed in the high-strain shear margins of ice streams. Previously, it has been proposed that this firn thinning can be explained by an enhancement of firn densification due to the effect of strain softening inherent to power-law creep. This hypothesis has not been validated, and the greater firn densities in the presence of horizontal strain rates have not yet been reproduced by models. Here, we develop a model that corrects the firn densification rate predicted by classical, climate-forced models for the effect of strain softening. With the model it is confirmed that strain softening dominates the firn densification process when high strain rates are present. Firn densities along a cross section of the North-East Greenland ice stream (NEGIS) are reproduced with good agreement, validating the accuracy of the developed model. Finally, it is shown that strain softening has significant implications for ice core dating and that it considerably affects the firn properties over wide areas of the polar ice sheet, even at low strain rates. Therefore, we suggest that, besides temperature and accumulation rate, horizontal strain rates should generally be considered as a forcing parameter in firn densification modelling.
Unravelling the long-term, locally-heterogenous response of Greenland glaciers observed in archival photography
Authors: Cooper Michael , Lewińska Paulina , Smith William A. P. , Hancock Edwin R. , Dowdeswell Julian A. , Rippin David M.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. We present an approach for extracting quantifiable information from archival aerial photographs to extend the temporal record of change over a region of the central eastern Greenland Ice Sheet. The photographs we use were gathered in the 1930s as part of a surveying expedition, and so they were not acquired with photogrametric analysis in mind. Nevertheless, we are able to make opportunistic use of this imagery, as well as additional, novel data-sets, to explore changes at ice margins well before the advent of conventional satellite technology. The insights that a longer record of ice margin change bring is crucial for improving our understanding of how glaciers are responding to the changing climate. In addition, our work focuses on a series of relatively small and little studied outlet glaciers from the eastern margin of the Ice Sheet. We show that whilst air and sea surface temperatures are important controls on the rates at which these ice masses change, there is also significant heterogeneity in their responses, with non-climatic controls (such as the role of bathymetry in front of calving margins) being extremely important. In general, there is often a tendency to focus either on changes of the Greenland Ice Sheet as a whole, or to focus on regional variations. Here, we suggest that even this approach masks important variability, and full understanding of the behaviour and response of the Ice Sheet requires us to consider changes that are taking place at the scale of individual outlet glaciers.
A Distributed Temperature Profiling System for Vertically and Laterally Dense Acquisition of Soil and Snow Temperature
Authors: Dafflon Baptiste , Wielandt Stijn , Lamb John , McClure Patrick , Shirley Ian , Uhlemann Sebastian , Wang Chen , Fiolleau Sylvain , Brunetti Carlotta , Akins F. Hunter , Fitzpatrick John , Pullman Samuel , Busey Robert , Ulrich Craig , Peterson John , Hubbard Susan S.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Measuring soil and snow temperature with high vertical and lateral resolution is critical for advancing the predictive understanding of thermal and hydro-biogeochemical processes that govern the behavior of environmental systems. Vertically resolved soil temperature measurements enable the estimation of soil thermal regimes, freeze/thaw layer thickness, thermal parameters, and heat and/or water fluxes. Similarly, they can be used to capture the snow thickness and the snowpack thermal parameters and fluxes. However, these measurements are challenging to acquire using conventional approaches due to their total cost, their limited vertical resolution, and their large installation footprint. This study presents the development and validation of a novel Distributed Temperature Profiling (DTP) system that addresses these challenges. The system leverages digital temperature sensors to provide unprecedented, finely resolved depth-profiles of temperature measurements with flexibility in system geometry and vertical resolution. The integrated miniaturized logger enables automated data acquisition, management, and wireless transfer. A novel calibration approach adapted to the DTP system confirms the factory-assured sensor accuracy of +/−0.1 °C and enables improving it to +/−0.015 °C. Numerical experiments indicate that, under normal environmental conditions, an additional error of 0.01 % in amplitude and 70 seconds time delay in amplitude for a diurnal period can be expected, owing to the DTP housing. We demonstrate the DTP systems capability at two field sites, one focused on understanding how snow dynamics influence mountainous water resources, and the other focused on understanding how soil properties influence carbon cycling. Results indicate that the DTP system reliably captures the dynamics in snow thickness, and soil freezing and thawing depth, enabling advances in understanding the intensity and timing in surface processes and their impact on subsurface thermal-hydrological regimes. Overall, the DTP system fulfills the needs for data accuracy, minimal power consumption, and low total cost, enabling advances in the multiscale understanding of various cryospheric and hydro-biogeochemical processes.
Fate of sea ice in the 'New Arctic': A database of daily Lagrangian Arctic sea ice parcel drift tracks with coincident ice and atmospheric conditions
Authors: Horvath Sean , Boisvert Linette , Parker Chelsea , Webster Melinda , Taylor Patrick , Boeke Robyn
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Since the early 2000s, sea ice has experienced an increased rate of decline in thickness and extent and transitioned to a seasonal ice cover. This shift to thinner, seasonal ice in the 'New Arctic' is accompanied by a reshuffling of energy flows at the surface. Understanding the magnitude and nature of this reshuffling and the feedbacks therein remains limited. A novel database is presented that combines satellite observations, model output, and reanalysis data with daily sea ice parcel drift tracks produced in a Lagrangian framework. This dataset consists of daily time series of sea ice parcel locations, sea ice and snow conditions, and atmospheric states. Building on previous work, this dataset includes remotely sensed radiative and turbulent fluxes from which the surface energy budget can be calculated. Additionally, flags indicate when sea ice parcels travel within cyclones, recording distance and direction from the cyclone center. The database drift track was evaluated by comparison with sea ice mass balance buoys. Results show ice parcels generally remain within 100km of the corresponding buoy, with a mean distance of 82.6 km and median distance of 54 km. The sea ice mass balance buoys also provide recordings of sea ice thickness, snow depth, and air temperature and pressure which were compared to this database. Ice thickness and snow depth typically are less accurate than air temperature and pressure due to the high spatial variability of the former two quantities when compared to a point measurement. The correlations between the ice parcel and buoy data are high, which highlights the accuracy of this Lagrangian database in capturing the seasonal changes and evolution of sea ice. This database has multiple applications for the scientific community; it can be used to study the processes that influence individual sea ice parcel time series, or to explore generalized summary statistics and trends across the Arctic. Applications such as these may shed light on the atmosphere-snow-sea ice interactions in the changing Arctic environment.
Analysis of The Change of Derelict Lands in Ignalina District Municipality in 2013–2019
Authors: Atkocevičienė Virginija , Valčiukienė Jolanta , Juknelienė Daiva , Gasianec Laimutė
Published: September 2021

Although the number of derelict and unused land in the country is declining every year, the problem of derelict land still remains. The reasons for the emergence of such land are various, usually the whole complex of circumstances that led to the abandonment of land in one area or another. Abandoned land is noticeable in both private and public land. The largest areas of derelict land are found in Vilnius district and north-eastern Lithuania.
At the beginning of 2019, there were 4,783 abandoned land plots in Ignalina district. They occupied 2286,93 ha, which was 1.5 percent. district area. In the analyzed period of 2013–2019, the area of abandoned lands decreased by 1985.57 ha, i. y. 46 percent. After examining the reasons for the emergence of abandoned lands, it was established that they are complex – natural, economic, social, demographic, political, legal and human economic activities.
The article examines land management measures that have influenced the reduction of brownfields - inspections of state control of land use, inspections of brownfields according to spatial data sets and application of RDP for afforestation on non-forest land. The maximum number of abandoned land inspections was determined during the state land control. There were 2239 inspections of derelict land, which is 79 percent. all land management measures applied.
Keywords: land management, abandoned lands, Land Fund of the Republic of Lithuania, agricultural land, state control.
Morphometry of Gelionys and Žaliasis Lakes
Authors: Pileckas Marijus , Alekna Tauras , Valskys Vaidotas
Published: September 2021

Bathymetric surveys of Gelionys and Žaliasis Lakes (located in the Baltic Uplands, Aukštadvaris Regional Park, Lithuania) were carried out on April 21, 2020, from a boat with attached Lowrance HDI SKIMMER XDCR transducer (200 kHz), Simrad GO5 chartplotter and Lowrance Point-1 GPS/Glonass receiver. At the same time, the shorelines of the lakes were revised. Average distance between profiles was ~10 m and depth measurement accuracy up to 2–5 cm. Accuracy of water surface elevation measurement using GNSS receiver Topcon Hiper SR up to 1–2 cm. Later, detailed (0.5 × 0.5 m) digital lake bottom models (DEM) were developed, bathymetric plans of the lakes were created, the main morphometric features were calculated, the boundaries and area of the lake catchments were defined, and the physical-geographical characteristics of the lakes were described based on field observations and various data. Gelionys and Žaliasis are small lakes of glaciokarst origin. Gelionys Lake is oval-shaped while shape of Žaliasis Lake is closer to the circle. Despite small surface area the lakes are quite deep. According to survey data, the surface area of Gelionys Lake is 4.79 ha, water surface elevation 216.1 m a.s.l., maximum depth 19.8 m, mean depth 6.0 m, volume 288.3 thousands m3, catchment area 71 ha. The surface area of Žaliasis Lake is 2.14 ha, water surface elevation 120.9 m a.s.l., maximum depth 15.84 m, mean depth 5.7 m, volume 122.2 thousands m3, catchment area 60 ha. During the observation period (from May of 2018 to September of 2020), the annual amplitude of water level fluctuations in Gelionys Lake reached up to 0.47 m, and in Žaliasis Lake up to 0.33 m.

Keywords: Gelionys, Žaliasis, glaciokarst, lake, bathymetric chart, morphometry, Lithuania, Aukštadvaris Regional Park.
Identification of Hydrological Droughts in Lithuanian Rivers
Authors: Kugytė Gintarė , Valiuškevičius Gintaras
Published: September 2021

Globally, hydrological droughts are most commonly identified based on various indices calculated from water flow values. However, the water flow rate is calculated from a flow rate curve that needs to be updated constantly, so it takes a long time to resolve its true value. For this reason, the possibility of identifying a hydrological drought on the basis of hourly and prompt treated water levels seems much more attractive. 8 water gauging stations (WGS) operating along 7 important rivers and covering the hydrological areas of visas in the Lithuanian region were selected for the study. In this study, a modified SPI function of the R programming language SPEI package (traditionally used to calculate the standardized precipitation index, SPI) was applied for the streamflow drought index (SDI) calculations. Given how it was applied to the SDI calculation, just like the baseline data, this was the ten-day mean water flow and then the water level. The suitability of water level data for SDI calculations was assessed by analyzing the relationships between SWLI (Standartized Water Level Index) calculated from water level data and SDI calculated from water flow information. SWLI and SDI in all 8 WGS are closely interconnected. It was found that the possibility of recurrence of droughts of different severity identified by both methods is significantly influenced by the profile of the river bed in a specific section. In areas where riverbanks have steeper slopes, the SWLI and SDI similarly describes the water situation and the recurrence of droughts. It is believed that a modified SDI methodology (SWLI), which is based on water level data, may become a good alternative in our country for identifying hydrological droughts.

Keywords: Lithuanian rivers, hydrological drought, identification of droughts, water level, SDI, SWLI.
Post-Match Recovery in Soccer with Far-Infrared Emitting Ceramic Material or Cold-Water Immersion
Authors: Coelho Tiago M. , Nunes enan F. H. , Nakamura Fabio Y. , Duffield Rob , Serpa Marília C. , da Silva Juliano F. , Carminatt Lorival J. , Filho Francisco J. C. , Goldim Mariana P. , Mathias Khiany , Petronilho Fabricia , Martins Daniel F. , Guglielmo Luiz G. A.
Published: September 2021

We investigated the effects of two common recovery methods; far-infrared emitting ceramic materials (Bioceramic) or cold-water immersion on muscular function and damage after a soccer match. Twenty-five university-level soccer players were randomized into Bioceramic (BIO; n = 8), Cold-water immersion (CWI; n = 9), or Control (CON; n = 8) groups. Heart rate [HR], rating of perceived exertion [RPE], and activity profile through Global Positioning Satellite Systems were measured during the match. Biochemical (thiobarbituric acid reactive species [TBARS], superoxide dismutase [SOD], creatine kinase [CK], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]), neuromuscular (countermovement [CMJ] and squat jump [SJ], sprints [20-m]), and perceptual markers (delayed-onset muscle soreness [DOMS], and the perceived recovery scale [PRS]) were assessed at pre, post, 24 h, and 48 h post-match. One-way ANOVA was used to compare anthropometric and match performance data. A two-way ANOVA with post-hoc tests compared the timeline of recovery measures. No significant differences existed between groups for anthropometric or match load measures (P > 0.05). Significant post-match increases were observed in SOD, and decreases in TBARS in all groups (p < 0.05), without differences between conditions (p > 0.05). Significant increases in CK, LDH, quadriceps and hamstring DOMS (p < 0.05), as well as decreases in 20-m, SJ, CMJ, and PRS were observed post-match in all groups (p < 0.05), without significant differences between conditions (p > 0.05). Despite the expected post-match muscle damage and impaired performance, neither Bioceramic nor CWI interventions improved post-match recovery.
Use of N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate Embolization in the Treatment of Venous İnsufficiency Case Series
Authors: Er Zafer Cengiz , Tosya Alper İbrahim
Published: September 2021

Objective: Objective of this study is to analyze the results of patients who underwent embolization treatment with n-butyl cyanoacrylate in vena saphena magna due to chronic venous insufficiency (CVi). Methods: 241 patients who underwent saphena ablation due to venous stasis between January 2017 and 2020 at Bozok University Medical Faculty Hospital were included in the study. Cyanoacrylate embolization (CAE) was performed on 249 extremities in 241 patients with vena saphena magna (VSM) diameter above 5.5 mm and saphena-femoral junction reflux duration longer than 0.5 s as measured by Color Doppler Ultrasonography (CDU). Patients were followed up with clinical examination at post-op Day 7 post-op and CDU scans at Months 1 and 6. Results: Mean age was 42.7±12.35 years, and the average diameter of the saphenous vein was 8.21±2.5. The operation time was 15.27 minutes on average and the patients were discharged on the same day. Thrombophlebitis developed in 12 (4.81%) of our cases; cellulitis in 4 patients (1.60%); and erythema on the skin over the trace of the saphenous vein in 20 patients (8.03%) and improved with medical treatment. Partial recanalization was identified in 8 VSMs (3.21%) in CDU controls at Month 6. No patients developed deep vein thrombosis or neurological complications. Conclusion: Shorter operation and discharge durations, high VSM obliteration, low complication rates are the outstanding properties of CAE. The fact that the technique is limited with patients with tortuous veins as is the case with all procedures requiring a catheter has not been able to completely exclude conventional surgery.
The Effect of Preoperative Oral Chlorhexidine Rinse on Ventilator Associated Pneumonia and ICU Mortality After Open Heart Surgery
Authors: Uğur İbrahim , Yurtseven Nurgül , Polat Senem , Yılmaz Ferhatoğlu Sibel , Ocalmaz Seyda
Published: September 2021

Objective: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit (ICU). VAP develops 10-20% of patients in 48 hours of mechanical ventilation. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of preoperative oral chlorhexidine rinse on VAP and mortality in patients undergoing open cardiac surgery. Methods: 300 patients who were planned to undergo elective open cardiac surgery were included in this study. Patients were prospectively randomized into two groups by a computer software. Group 1: Patients brushing their teeth and then gargling with 0.12% chlorhexidine before bedtime at the last night before surgery and 15 minutes before going to the operating room. Group 2, It consisted of patients only brushing their teeth. Results: VAP was seen in 3 patients (2.12%) in Group 1 and in 12 (8.10%) patients in Group 2 (p<0.02). Duration of intubation was 15±7.40 hours for Group 1 and 23 32.01 for Group 2. These differences were statistically significant (p <0.01). Although duration of ICU stay and hospital stay in Group 1 are shorter than in Group 2 but it was not statistically significant (p>0.05). There was no difference in mortality (p>0.05). Conclusion: Consequently, chlorhexidine gluconate rinse before elective cardiac surgery reduced the VAP rate and duration of intubation but did not change the mortality rate and the length of ICU and hospital stay. On the other hand we think these results would be change in large multicentric studies.
Comparison of Hemodynamic and Sedative Effects of Midazolam-Fentanyl and Midazolam-Ketamine Combinations Used in Cardioersion Sedation
Authors: Acarel Murat , Yıldırımtürk Özlem , Yapici Nihan
Published: September 2021

Objective: The aim of the study is to compare the hemodynamic and sedation results of patients who underwent anesthesia for electrical cardioversion (EC) during a one-year period in the coronary intensive care unit, retrospectively. Methods: 60 patients who were administered ketamine or fentanyl in addition to midazolam, which was administered EC for the correction of atrial fibrillation rhythm, were evaluated in terms of the study. According to the sedation applied to the patients, they were divided into two groups as Group F (midazolam-fentanyl) and Group K (midazolam-ketamine). The hemodynamic parameters of the groups before and after the procedure and the sedation data during and after the procedure were compared. Results: The pre-intervention heart rate of the patients was found to be high in Group-F (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p>0.05). While heart rate was observed to be statistically higher after the intervention in midazolam-fentanil applied patients, a statistically significant decrease was found in diastolic blood pressures (p<0.05). When Ramsay sedation scale was evaluated; There was no significant difference between the two groups at the 5th, 10th and 15th minutes (p>0.05). Conclusion: It was determined that the combination of midazolam + fentanyl or midzolam + ketamine provided adequate sedation at standard doses and had no adverse effects on hemodynamic and sedation parameters. These results made us think that both protocols can be safely applied for electrical cardioversion sedation in intensive care units.
Tracheobronchial Foreign Bodies in Children: A Strong History Associated with Plain Chest Radiography Findings Leads to Bronchoscopy
Authors: Alıcı Umut , Öztunalı Çiğdem , Arslan Alıcı Çiğdem , İlhan Hüseyin , Tokar Baran
Published: September 2021

Objective: History and chest x-ray are the main diagnostic tools in children with foreign body aspiration (FBA). The study aims to evaluate clinical, radiological, and bronchoscopic findings associated with early and delayed diagnosis of FBA. Methods: The records of 249 children having bronchoscopy for suspected FBA were analyzed in three groups as negative bronchoscopy for FBA (group I), early diagnosis (group II), and delayed diagnosis (group III). Results: Choking episodes, coughing, and decreased breath sounds were determined significantly in FBA. The percentage of radiopaque FBs was 6.2%. Emphysema in groups II and III; atelectasis and pneumonia in group III were significantly higher on chest x-ray. Pneumonia and significant inflammation found during bronchoscopy were prominent in group III. FBs were mostly vegetable origin and the majority were found in the bronchus, more on the right side. FBs were successfully removed by rigid bronchoscopy except one having thoracotomy. Conclusion: Review of the literature, our current (2010-2019) and previous (1994-2003) studies designed in the same group structure showed that choking episode associated with a radiopaque FB leads to bronchoscopy. Emphysema and atelectasis are also valuable for early diagnosis. Regardless of radiological findings, bronchoscopy should be considered in patients with a strong history.
The Impact of Perioperative Viscoelastic Test Application on Blood Product Usage and Outcome in Cardiac Surgery; Regional Cardiac Surgery Center Experience
Authors: Aksun Murat , Aksun Saliha , Çoşar Mehmet Ali , Neziroğlu Elif , Girgin Senem , Balıkoğlu Ezgi , Karahan Nagihan , Gürbüz Ali
Published: September 2021

Objective: Thromboelastography (TEG) is a diagnostic modality that gives information about coagulation. Despite all blood-preserving precautions in open heart surgery there are blood losses and the use of blood and blood products becomes inevitable. TEG is mostly not available in every center and habits, trends and clinical experience in blood use create the possibility of causing unnecessary use of blood and blood products. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of the use of thromboelastography on the use of blood and blood products in cardiac surgery. Methods: Two hundred patients between 18-70 years old who underwent open heart surgery were included in the study. After the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), the cases were confirmed to have an Activated Clotting Time (ACT) value in the range of 120-150 sec after protamine administration. In 100 patients in the TEG group, the coagulation status was evaluated with TEG and it was decided how to apply blood and blood product use. Blood and blood product use was applied to 100 patients in the control group based on clinical experience and foresight. The total amount of blood and blood product used, fluid balance, need for inotropics, mechanical ventilator time, complications, duration of intensive care and discharge times were recorded. Results: Use of Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) at the after CPB in the TEG group was statistically significantly lower than that of the control group FFP (p<0.05). Postoperative FFP and postoperative platelet use in the study group were statistically significantly lower than in the postoperative FFP and postoperative platelet values of the control group (p <0.05). Conclusion: The use of thromboelastography is a very useful monitoring in terms of reducing FFP use after CPB and reducing FFP and platelet usage in the postoperative period. In this way, the unnecessary use of blood and blood products can be prevented.
Investigating Novel Electrocardiographic Ventricular Repolarization Markers in Scleroderma Patients
Authors: Kurtar Mansıroğlu Aslı , Erdal Emrah , Inanir Mehmet , Taşçı Murat
Published: September 2021

Aim: Ventricular repolarization involves the J-wave, ST-segment, T-wave, and U-wave on the surface electrocardiography (ECG). QT dispersion, Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT, Tp-e/QTc, Tp-e/JT, and Tp-e/JTc ratios are some indices that predict ventricular tachyarrythmias. Although studies, evaluating repolarization abnormalities in scleroderma have frequently focused on Tp-e interval, QT, and Tp-e/QT, in our study, we aimed to investigate the risk of ventricular arrhythmia by using Tp-e/JT and Tp-e/JTc ratios, which are relatively new parameters.Methods: The study comprised 42 patients with scleroderma (mean age: 50.8 ± 7.3 years; 38 women and 4 men) and 40 healthy controls (mean age: 47.9 ± 5.5 years; 37 women and 3 men). We leveraged a standard 12-lead ECG recording to measure Tp-e interval, Tp-e/JT, Tp-e/JTc, Tpe/QTc, and Tp-e/QT parameters for each patient.Results: Compared to the scleroderma patients electrocardiographic repolarization parameters including Tp-e (90.8 ± 10.9 vs 77.0 ± 10.2, p
Bleeding in a COVID-19 Patient; Rectus Hematoma
Authors: Zeybek Aydoğan Kader , Alkan Selman , Uçar Elif Ayşe
Published: September 2021

Anticoagulant therapy is part of the treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Low molecular weight heparin or oral anticoagulant drugs are used in its treatment. However this approach may increase the risks of bleeding. Rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) is a known complication of anticoagulant therapy and a source of potential morbidity and mortality. Here; we present a patient who developed rectus hematoma during the
COVID-19 treatment and followed by us with conservative approach.
Supraventricular Tachycardia Induced by Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Authors: Bekdas Mervan
Published: September 2021

The use of noninvasive ventilation in the treatment of respiratory failure has increased in recent years. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure, a noninvasive method of ventilation, is thought to decrease the incidence of arrhythmias, but this case report presents supraventricular tachycardia attacks secondary to nasal continuous positive airway pressure. A 15-month-old boy was admitted to the intensive care unit with diagnoses of sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, acute renal failure, and myocarditis. Supraventricular tachycardia attacks started after nasal continuous positive airway pressure but became regular after switching to invasive mechanical ventilation.
Efectos del ejercicio grupal de moderada intensidad sobre la presión arterial y capacidad funcional en mujeres posmenopáusicas hipertensas
Authors: Bonilla Diego A. , Méndez Carlos H. , Angulo Orlando J. , Cruz Jhoanna A. , Chaves José L. , Vargas-Molina Salvador , Petro Jorge L. , Palma Luis H.
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de un programa de ejercicio grupal de moderada intensidad (EGMI) sobre la presión arterial (PA) y la capacidad funcional (VO2pico) en mujeres posmenopáusicas hipertensas. Treinta mujeres voluntarias (63.36±1.06 años; 158.6±5.50 cm; 70.97±9.44 kg; 28.21±2.60 kg·m-2) fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a un grupo de EGMI (n=15) y uno control (n=15, GC), el cual mantuvo sus actividades de la vida diaria, durante 12 semanas. Se evaluó la presión arterial sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD) y el VO2pico, estimado usando el test de caminata de seis minutos, tanto antes como después de la intervención. Se encontró cambio significativo en la PAS en el grupo EGMI (cambio promedio [IC 95%], valor p, d de Cohen; -9.2 [-3.95, -14.44] mmHg, p=0.002, d=-0.7), mientras que no se encontraron cambios en el GC. La PAD no presentó cambios en el grupo EGMI, pero aumentó de manera significativa en el GC (10.0 [3.72, 16.27] mmHg, p=0.004, d=1.1). Se observó un incremento significativo en VO2pico en EGMI (3.87 [2.91, 4.82] ml∙kg-1∙min-1, p<0.001, d=1.2), sin diferencia en el GC. Hubo diferencias significativas entre grupos en PAS y en VO2pico (p=0.05). Nuestra propuesta de EGMI reduce la PAS y mejora la capacidad funcional en mujeres posmenopáusicas hipertensas de +60 años.
II Demostración Nacional y los primeros campamentos de verano de la Organización Juvenil (1937-1939) de FET y de las JONS
Authors: Torrebadella Xavier , Inglés Eduard
Published: September 2021

En el franquismo, los campamentos de verano fueron configurados como el dispositivo más distintivo de la masiva movilización ideológica de la infancia y de la juventud adolescente. El objeto de estudio es el de indagar acerca del vínculo de la II Demostración Nacional y los primeros campamentos de verano de la Organización Juvenil (1937-1939) de FET y de las JONS. A partir de la revisión de fuentes documentales originales y de otras investigaciones se aborda un discurso hermenéutico sobre el mensaje subyacente de la Organización Juvenil en el encauzamiento y la dominación de la infancia y la juventud. El análisis declara que a través de los campamentos de verano se preparaba a las nuevas generaciones formando y adoctrinando milicias sobre un marco de disciplina autoritaria, de obediencia y de sublimación de la violencia. Los campamentos de verano ofrecían un sistema de vida al aire libre; toda una técnica de idealización y persuasión para encauzar a la juventud en un proceso de selección y de adoctrinamiento de combatientes en la defensa interior de una comunidad imaginada: la nación española.
APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPTS OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF POST COVID-19 PATIENTS
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Gorobievschi Svetlana , Costru Tudor ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Puia Raisa ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Ungureanu Alina ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova
Published: September 2021

The phenomenon of the Covid-19 pandemic has affected the whole globe, the consequences of which are long lasting and difficult to estimate. The Republic of Moldova, being a developing country, could not overcome these serious consequences, caused by the reduction of public health, the reduction of the work capacity of the population, the deplorable condition of the medical system, caused by small investments in health, etc. Human society has been put to hard tests of survival of patients with this virus, the incidence rate of diseases was about 11%. Thanks to the financial aid of the European Union, Romania and other countries, the Republic of Moldova managed to cope with things in the fight against Covid. This article presents the results of the research of the authors, participants of the national project "Assessment of health of post – COVID - 19 patients in the Republic of Moldova", which aimed to develop the Electronic Register of patients with Covid - 19 (March 2020 - June 2021), which will allow monitoring the process of treatment and recovery of the consequences of this disease, by assessing the state of health and quality of life both at admission and at discharge of the respective patients. Based on the concept of quality of life as a socio-economic category and its interconnections with health, the authors proposed the system of medical indicators to assess the health and quality of life of patients affected by covid. In the authors' opinion, a special role in the treatment and treatment of comorbidities belongs to comorbidities, so the authors selected them as separate study subjects to prove their negative impact on the form of the disease and the state of health and quality of life at discharge of patients
Urgensi Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Pada Perbankan Syariah Terhadap Produk Bank Syariah
Authors: Nu'man Mohamad Hilal , S.Pd., MPA Tati
Published: September 2021

Sumber daya manusia yang memahami bidang perbankan Syariah di Indonesia masih sangat jarang dan terbatas. Kebutuhan di bidang perbankan syariah minimal memiliki kualifikasi sumber daya manusia dengan dasar prinsip-prinsip perbankan syariah berbasis konsep sumber daya insani di lembaga keuangan perbankan syariah. Selama ini, pihak perbankan syariah mengalami kesulitan dalam mencari sumber daya insani yang berkompeten dan mumpuni, masih banyak instansi perbankan syariah yang mengambil dari sumber daya manusia dari perbankan konvensional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan kualitatif deskriptif dengan cara yuridis normatif. Hasil yang didapat dalam penelitian ini hanyalah perpindahan sumber daya manusia dari perbankan konvensional ke perbankan Syariah. Hal tersebut, pada akhirnya akan mengakibatkan kurang memahaminya prinsip-prinsip syariah yang menjadi pegangan dalam penerapannya pada kegiatan perbankan syariah. Sehingga perlu adanya pengembangan kemampuan yang dasarnya harus muncul pada pribadi sendiri yang pada akhirnya akan menghasilkan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas yang memahami dan menguasai hal tersebut sehingga akan menghasilkan insan lembaga perbankan syariah yang berakhlakul karimah.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDICINAL PRODUCTS ASSORTMENT, MEDICAL DEVICES AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS BASED ON CHITOSAN DERIVATIVES REGISTERED IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS, THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, UKRAINE AND THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAHSTAN
Authors:   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Shakolo T. V. , Kurliuk A. V. ,   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Kalinova A. I. ,   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University
Published: September 2021

The article presents the nomenclature of medicines, medical devices and dietary supplements based on chitosan derivatives registered in the Republic of Belarus and the neighboring countries. Comparative marketing research of the product groups studied has been carried out. Marketing parameters of this market sector have been established: the list and the structure of this segment by the drug form, manufacturing countries, pharmaceutical distributors and sources of origin. The assortment was analyzed in the specified regions according to the indicators: the number of names, pharmacological action, dosage form and the group of products in accordance with their registration. The coefficients of breadth, completeness and depth of assortment have been calculated. The expediency of studying pharmacological properties of chitosan derivatives further and the development of new original medicinal products based on them is shown.
COMPREHENSIVE WAY OF CALCULATING ECOLOGICAL (ENVIRONMENTAL SPACE) FACTORS OF PLANT COMMUNITIES ENVIRONMENT FOR AMPLITUDE ECOLOGICAL SCALES
Authors:   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Buzuk G. N.
Published: September 2021

Despite intensive development of instrumental methods of environmental factors analysis for plant communities their assessment with ecological scales still remains important. The main advantage of ecological scales is their ability to reflect generalized and average characteristics of ecological regimes due to significant inertia in response of plant communities composition to the change of certain characteristics of the environment. The main ways of calculation while using ecological scales are the medium-sized method and the ideal indicator method (of linear regression) including modified algorithm of calculating the level of edaphic and climatic factors of the environment with amplitude ecological scales. The aim of this work was to improve further the method for assessing the level of ecological factors (ecological space) in plant communities. For calculations and visualization of the results obtained we used Excel and our own programs written in the Matlab media. The basis of the method is finding the factor averagely weighed for the level calculated by the traditional way and by the method of the ideal indicator. It is proposed to set the weight of factors in both methods of calculation both explicitly and depending on the ecological index reflecting correspondence (adequacy) of the plant community composition to the level of ecological factors prevailing in the habitat. They can also be calculated by linear or non-linear dependencies relative to the middle of amplitude ecological scale. The conclusion is that it is possible to predict the content of secondary metabolites in plants based on assessing the level of ecological factors for plant communities.