bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The aggregation of striped nanoparticles in mixed phospholipid bilayers
Authors: Noh Sang Young , Nash Anthony , Notman Rebecca
Published: December 2019

The heterogeneous nature of lipid bilayers can critically affect the use of nanoparticles as drug delivery vectors.
MnO2@Ce6-loaded mesenchymal stem cells as an “oxygen-laden guided-missile” for the enhanced photodynamic therapy on lung cancer
Authors: Cao Wen , Liu Bin , Xia Fangfang , Duan Meng , Hong Yuping , Niu Jiaqi , Wang Lirui , Liu Yanlei , Li Can , Cui Daxiang
Published: December 2019

The critical issue in nanoscale medicine delivery systems is the targeted efficiency to guarantee the maximum accumulation of nanodrugs in tumors to exert better therapeutic action.
A relationship between the surface composition and spectroscopic properties of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite nanocrystals: focusing on photoluminescence efficiency
Authors: Park Jumi , Kim Youngsik , Ham Sujin , Woo Ju Young , Kim Taehee , Jeong Sohee , Kim Dongho
Published: December 2019

This work explored the role of ZnBr2 in the surface composition and photoluminescence stability of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals.
Sulfur doping enhanced desorption of intermediates on NiCoP for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution
Authors: Qi Yuyang , Zhang Long , Sun Lan , Chen Guanjun , Luo Qiaomei , Xin Hongqiang , Peng Jiahui , Li Yan , Ma Fei
Published: December 2019

Electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity, high stability and low cost are critical to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Transforming lanthanide and actinide chemistry with nanoparticles
Authors: Pallares Roger M. , Abergel Rebecca J.
Published: December 2019

This minireview summarizes and discusses recent progress on the use of nanoparticles in lanthanide and actinide chemistry. We examine different types of nanoparticles and critically analyze their performance in a comparative mode.
Core–shell nanostructures introduce multiple potential barriers to enhance energy filtering for the improvement of the thermoelectric properties of SnTe
Authors: Ma Zheng , Wang Chao , Lei Jingdan , Zhang De , Chen Yanqun , Wang Yuanxu , Wang Jianli , Cheng Zhenxiang
Published: December 2019

BiCuSeO@SnO2core-shell nanostructures can introduce multiple potential barriers in SnTe to enhance energy filtering effect.
Precision AABB-type cyclocopolymers via alternating cyclocopolymerization of disiloxane-tethered divinyl monomers
Authors: Lu Jun , Li Junjiang , Wang Jinghang , Du Min , Liu Hewen
Published: December 2019

Free radical cyclocopolymerization of divinyl monomers bMA and bSt in the presence of ZnCl2 yields a cyclocopolymer with an AABB-type chain sequence.
Correction: Synthesis of a well-dispersed CaFe2O4/g-C3N4/CNT composite towards the degradation of toxic water pollutants under visible light
Authors: Liu Fei , Dong Shaocan , Zhang Zhaoxiang , Li Xiaqing , Dai Xiaodong , Xin Yanping , Wang Xuewu , Liu Kun , Yuan Zhenhe , Zheng Zheng
Published: December 2019

Correction for ‘Synthesis of a well-dispersed CaFe2O4/g-C3N4/CNT composite towards the degradation of toxic water pollutants under visible light’ by Fei Liu et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 25750–25761.
Effects of yttrium, ytterbium with tungsten co-doping on the light absorption and charge transport properties of bismuth vanadate photoanodes to achieve superior photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Prasad Umesh , Prakash Jyoti , Kannan Arunachala M.
Published: December 2019

Effective water splitting by a photoelectrochemical cell using a BiVO4photoanode is limited by the light absorption and charge transport properties.
Molecular aggregation method for perovskite–fullerene bulk heterostructure solar cells
Authors: Ha Su Ryong , Jeong Woo Hyeon , Liu Yanliang , Oh Jae Teak , Bae Sung Yong , Lee Seungjin , Kim Jae Won , Bandyopadhyay Sujoy , Jeong Hong In , Kim Jin Young , Kim Younghoon , Song Myoung Hoon , Park Sung Heum , Stranks Samuel D. , Lee Bo Ram , Friend Richard H. , Choi Hyosung
Published: December 2019

We report morphological control with phenyl-C60-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) molecular aggregation for perovskite–PCBM bulk heterostructure (Pe–PCBM BHS) solar cells.
Electrically induced light emission from proton-conducting materials. Protonic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Langer Jerzy J. , Frąckowiak Ewelina , Golczak Sebastian
Published: December 2019

Water doped with H+ and HO− enables the formation of a protonic p–n junction, which works similarly to a typical, electron-based p–n junction, including light emission when electrically powered. Polymers provide mechanical stability.
Azobenzene-containing liquid crystalline block copolymer supramolecular complexes as a platform for photopatternable colorless materials
Authors: Bugakov Miron , Boiko Natalia , Abramchuk Sergey , Zhu Xiaomin , Shibaev Valery
Published: December 2019

Using liquid crystalline triblock copolymer complexes with hydrogen-bonded azobenzene moieties, photopatterned colorless birefringent films were prepared by irradiation with linearly polarized light and subsequent extracting azobenzene moieties.
Development of a topical tissue cross-linking solution using sodium hydroxymethylglycinate (SMG): viscosity effect
Authors: Mehta Jaya , Takaoka Anna , Zyablitskaya Mariya , Nagasaki Takayuki , Paik David C.
Published: December 2019

Hyperviscosity agents are commonly used in ophthalmic formulations for improving corneal drug penetration by increasing tissue contact time. One such viscosity agent is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). HPMC has been used in riboflavin solutions for photochemical UVA cross-linking (CXL). Sodium hydroxymethylglycinate (SMG) is a small molecule formaldehyde releaser that can function as a therapeutic tissue cross-linker for corneal and scleral applications. The present study was undertaken in order to study formulation factors using HPMC and SMG that could positively influence the cross-linking effect in these ocular tissues. Formulations containing 10 mM SMG and 100 mM sodium bicarbonate were prepared with varying HPMC concentrations from 0 to 4.4%. Their cross-linking effects on porcine and rabbit eyes were measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), expressed as the change/difference in melting temperature (ΔTm) compared with the control. SMG in 4.4% HPMC solution resulted in ΔTm of 6.3 ± 1.21, while other concentration showed no differences in Tm shift on porcine cornea. In ex vivo rabbit cornea, there was a trend toward an increasing cross-linking effect with higher viscosity albeit mild differences. While a significant Tm shift was observed in porcine and rabbit sclera, there was no difference in effect of cross-linking between four HPMC concentrations. Increasing the HPMC concentration does not negatively affect the cross-linking efficacy attributed by SMG and could still be a positive cross-linking enhancer by virtue of increasing tissue contact time in a dynamic biological system. This information will be useful for planning further animal and human studies.
Ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8/UBPy): a prototypic multidomain deubiquitinating enzyme with pleiotropic functions
Authors: Dufner Almut , Knobeloch Klaus-Peter
Published: December 2019

Protein modification by ubiquitin is one of the most versatile posttranslational regulations and counteracted by almost 100 deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). USP8 was originally identified as a growth regulated ubiquitin-specific protease and is like many other DUBs characterized by its multidomain architecture. Besides the catalytic domain, specific protein–protein interaction modules were characterized which contribute to USP8 substrate recruitment, regulation and targeting to distinct protein complexes. Studies in mice and humans impressively showed the physiological relevance and non-redundant function of USP8 within the context of the whole organism. USP8 knockout (KO) mice exhibit early embryonic lethality while induced deletion in adult animals rapidly causes lethal liver failure. Furthermore, T-cell specific ablation disturbs T-cell development and function resulting in fatal autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease. In human patients, somatic mutations in USP8 were identified as the underlying cause of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) releasing pituitary adenomas causing Cushing's disease (CD). Here we provide an overview of the versatile molecular, cellular and pathology associated function and regulation of USP8 which appears to depend on specific protein binding partners, substrates and the cellular context.
The ‘dark matter’ of ubiquitin-mediated processes: opportunities and challenges in the identification of ubiquitin-binding domains
Authors: Radley EH , Long J , Gough KC , Layfield R
Published: December 2019

Ubiquitin modifications of target proteins act to localise, direct and specify a diverse range of cellular processes, many of which are biomedically relevant. To allow this diversity, ubiquitin modifications exhibit remarkable complexity, determined by a combination of polyubiquitin chain length, linkage type, numbers of ubiquitin chains per target, and decoration of ubiquitin with other small modifiers. However, many questions remain about how different ubiquitin signals are specifically recognised and transduced by the decoding ubiquitin-binding domains (UBDs) within ubiquitin-binding proteins. This review briefly outlines our current knowledge surrounding the diversity of UBDs, identifies key challenges in their discovery and considers recent structural studies with implications for the increasing complexity of UBD function and identification. Given the comparatively low numbers of functionally characterised polyubiquitin-selective UBDs relative to the ever-expanding variety of polyubiquitin modifications, it is possible that many UBDs have been overlooked, in part due to limitations of current approaches used to predict their presence within the proteome. Potential experimental approaches for UBD discovery are considered; web-based informatic analyses, Next-Generation Phage Display, deubiquitinase-resistant diubiquitin, proximity-dependent biotinylation and Ubiquitin-Phototrap, including possible advantages and limitations. The concepts discussed here work towards identifying new UBDs which may represent the ‘dark matter’ of the ubiquitin system.
High‐efficient superblock flash translation layer for NAND flash controller
Authors: Zhang Peiyong , Tang Huanjie
Published: December 2019

Flash controller is the core hardware embedded in today's mobile device storage, and the flash translation layer (FTL) is the key system of controller. This Letter proposes a high‐efficient superblock FTL (HSPB) to satisfy the demand of large media files and application files storage, which implements the cross‐block sequential writing strategy and the shared cached mapping table scheme. Test results show that HSPB reduces the time and power consumption by 7–30% in seq/random write and gains up to 60% improvement in sequential/random read compared to other FTLs.
Output open‐circuit voltage control method with resistor–capacitor–diode dummy load branch for SSAS
Authors: Jin Shanshan , Zhang Donglai , Wang Chao , Wang Zicai , Zhang Hua , Zhu Hongyu
Published: December 2019

The current output type space solar array simulator (SSAS) is an important test equipment for a spacecraft power supply to achieve high dynamic output response performance and meet the power current high precision requirements of the power conditioning unit (PCU). However, the current output type SSAS cannot produce a stable open circuit voltage when the output terminal is completely disconnected from the load. Therefore, it is impossible to reliably test the PCU with different architectures. In this study, the open circuit voltage control output problem is analysed, and a parallel resistor–capacitor–diode (RCD) dummy load branch in the SSAS output port is proposed to ensure that the SSAS outputs high‐precision open circuit voltage values and provides stable series switching performance without adversely affecting the shunt switching performance. The proposed solution yielded excellent experimental results for a 1 kW hardware power SSAS platform. The open circuit voltage control accuracy is 0.5%, and the series switching test and shunt switching test yielded stable performances with a high dynamic response that quickly converges to the target working points at 1.25 kHz switching frequency, indicating that the PCU can be reliably tested regardless of whether a series architecture or a shunt architecture is used.
Determining the 56Ni distribution of type Ia supernovae from observations within days of explosion
Authors: Magee M. R. , Maguire K. , Kotak R. , Sim S. A. , Gillanders J. H. , Prentice S. J. , Skillen K.
Published: December 2019

Recent studies have shown how the distribution of 56Ni within the ejected material of type Ia supernovae can have profound consequences on the observed light curves. Observations at early times can therefore provide important details on the explosion physics in thermonuclear supernovae, which are poorly constrained. To this end, we present a series of radiative transfer calculations that explore variations in the 56Ni distribution. Our models also show the importance of the density profile in shaping the light curve, which is often neglected in the literature. Using our model set, we investigate the observations that are necessary to determine the 56Ni distribution as robustly as possible within the current model set. We find that this includes observations beginning at least ∼14 days before B-band maximum, extending to approximately maximum light with a relatively high (≲3 day) cadence, and in at least one blue and one red band (such as B and R, or g and r) are required. We compare a number of well-observed type Ia supernovae that meet these criteria to our models and find that the light curves of ∼70–80% of objects in our sample are consistent with being produced solely by variations in the 56Ni distributions. The remaining supernovae show an excess of flux at early times, indicating missing physics that is not accounted for within our model set, such as an interaction or the presence of short-lived radioactive isotopes. Comparing our model light curves and spectra to observations and delayed detonation models demonstrates that while a somewhat extended 56Ni distribution is necessary to reproduce the observed light curve shape, this does not negatively affect the spectra at maximum light. Investigating current explosion models shows that observations typically require a shallower decrease in the 56Ni mass towards the outer ejecta than is produced for models of a given 56Ni mass. Future models that test differences in the explosion physics and detonation criteria should be explored to determine the conditions necessary to reproduce the 56Ni distributions found here.
La myopathie liée à PYROXD1: Caractérisation clinique, histologique, et génétique
Authors: Lornage Xavière , Romero Norma B. , Laporte Jocelyn , Böhm Johann
Published: December 2019

Des mutations récessives dans le gène PYROXD1 ont été récemment décrites chez des patients présentant un tableau de myopathie congénitale ou de dystrophie musculaire des ceintures [1-4]. PYROXD1 (PYRidine nucleotide-disulfide OXidoreductase Domain-containing protein 1) est une protéine exprimée de manière ubiquitaire que l’on retrouve dans le cytosol et les noyaux des fibres musculaires squelettiques. La fonction précise de PYROXD1 est peu connue et des analyses de complémentation dans la levure suggèrent qu’il s’agit d’une oxido-réductase capable de prévenir les effets du stress oxydatif [3]. La diminution de l’expression de PYROXD1 est létale lors du développement chez la drosophile, et elle altère la prolifération, la migration, et la différentiation des myoblastes murins.

Cet article vise à résumer brièvement les caractéristiques cliniques, histologiques, et génétiques de la myopathie liée à PYROXD1 afin d’éclairer le mécanisme pathophysiologique de la maladie et d’analyser la corrélation entre génotype et phénotype.
Quand tous les chemins mènent à l’Afrique…
Authors: Urtizberea J. Andoni , Alrohaif Hadil , Gouda Sayed A. , Bastaki Laila
Published: December 2019

Les myopathies congénitales constituent un ensemble hétérogène de maladies neuromusculaires aussi bien sur le plan clinique que génétique. Le séquençage à haut débit, ciblé ou non, couplé à l’analyse de la biopsie musculaire, facilite grandement leur caractérisation précise et conduisent parfois à des découvertes inattendues comme dans le cas rapporté ci-dessous d’une famille koweitienne en errance diagnostique depuis de nombreuses années.
Méthode automatisée d’analyse d’images appliquée à la dermatomyosite
Authors: Periou Baptiste , Amer Yasmine Baba , Authier François Jérôme
Published: December 2019

L’analyse histologique du tissu musculaire est un élément déterminant pour le diagnostic et la compréhension physiopathologique des myopathies. Le développement d’outils numériques et informatiques permet des analyses d’images quantifiées à grande échelle applicable aux biopsies musculaires.

L’analyse d’images automatisée permet de déterminer la taille de l’ensemble des myofibres sur un échantillon de muscle et d’évaluer l’atrophie myocytaire. Le codage couleur selon la taille permet de visualiser directement la topographie de l’atrophie myocytaire. Cette approche morphométrique appliquée à la dermatomyosite permettra une meilleure stratification des patients.
Mosquito mass rearing: who’s eating the eggs?
Authors: Yamada Hanano , Kraupa Carina , Lienhard Charles , Parker Andrew Gordon , Maiga Hamidou , de Oliveira Carvalho Danilo , Zheng Minlin , Wallner Thomas , Bouyer Jeremy
Published: December 2019

For the sterile insect technique, and other related biological control methods where large numbers of the target mosquito are reared artificially, production efficiency is key for the economic viability of the technique. Rearing success begins with high quality eggs. Excess eggs are often stockpiled and stored for longer periods of time. Any pests that prey on these eggs are detrimental to stockpiles and need to be avoided. Psocids of the genus Liposcelis (Psocoptera, Liposcelididae) are common scavengers consuming various types of organic material that are distributed globally and thrive in warm damp environments, making insectaries ideal habitats. In this short report, we investigated the species that has been found scavenging stored mosquito eggs in our insectary and identified it to be Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, 1931. Additional observations were made to determine whether these predators indeed feed on mosquito eggs, and to suggest simple, effective ways of avoiding infestation.
Gherasim Luca-son double, son dé-z’écroué
Authors: Tigirlas Luminitza Claudepierre
Published: December 2019

Titubant sur les mâts de l’imaginaire, Levée d’Écrou, prose poétique épistolaire de Gherasim Luca (1913–1994), narre la déliaison subjective dans un navire naufragé du lien social qui ne ferait pas nœud du fantasme pour le personnage. De manière joycienne, le corps de l’Anonyme & l’Inconnu lucaldien n’est rien d’autre que le Réel, l’essorage du « linge mouillé ». Le narrateur suggère un dialogue dans son style dé-monologique où l’aventure des mots maintient en boucle le Je, autrifié en occurrence. C’est un rite qui prend une fonction conjuratoire contre le danger de se rendre : « pire que fou - faux ». Le thaumaturge, Saint Gherasim le Kephalonite combat avec le Démon sonore tapi dans le Poète-Luca ayant choisi « un nom et un égarement». Fallait-il que l’etranjuif rompt la filiation de Locker, ce nom-lacune du père déifié et défié puisque non échappé à la guerre ? D’entendre le poème proféré L’autre Mister Smith conduit vers un questionnement : Gherasim Luca insiste-t-il de libérer sensuellement le son, de vaquer dans l’o-râl(e) de l’ironie mélancolique afin de s’extraire au nouage R.S.I. et assouvir son exigence de transmutation radicale ?
De la désaffectation du sujet à sa causation. Réflexion sur la valeur de l’affect à travers son effacement chez les sujets neuro-affectés
Authors: Peretti Pascale
Published: December 2019

Si les affections neurologiques touchent de façon privilégiée les fonctions motrices, cognitives et langagières des sujets qui en souffrent, elles ne sont pas sans engager également de profondes modifications de la personnalité, perturbant notamment les sphères comportementales, caractérielles ou encore thymiques et émotionnelles de ces patients. Parmi ces modifications subjectives, l’indifférence affective est repérée par le corps médical comme un possible trouble secondaire ou associé aux pertes neuro-cognitives.
Traumatisme et affects dépressifs dans la douleur chronique
Authors: Gillot Frédéric , Abad Sébastien
Published: December 2019

La douleur chronique désigne une expérience sensori-émotionnelle inscrite dans la durée (supérieure à 3 mois) qui prend la forme d’une plainte somatique singulière. Dans une proportion significative de cas, des variations thymiques et des événements traumatiques (épreuves de deuils, de séparations et de pertes d’objet) sont repérables dans la biographie de ces sujets. Après avoir rappelé le caractère polysémique de la plainte douloureuse, nous aborderons les interférences entre la douleur et les variations thymiques ainsi que les liens déterminants entre l’effraction traumatique et l’installation des douleurs. L’étude des rapports ambivalents du sujet douloureux à ses objets permettra de préciser les tensions subjectives entre douleur chronique et confrontations au manque d’objet. En interrogeant la vulnérabilité somatique induite par la perte, nous déclinerons les modalités dont la plainte douloureuse exprime une souffrance en lien avec un objet archaïque avec lequel elle tente de renouer un dialogue.
La littératie en santé en éducation thérapeutique : la mesure d’un écart entre l’intelligibilité du système de santé et les compétences des patients
Authors: Margat Aurore
Published: December 2019

Introduction : Dans le cas particulier des malades chroniques, il est constaté qu’un faible niveau de littératie en santé (LS) nuit à une pleine maîtrise des compétences permettant l’autogestion de la maladie et le suivi des traitements. Objectif : Dans le but de répondre aux besoins particuliers des patients atteints de maladies chroniques, il semble nécessaire d’adapter l’offre éducative proposée aux patients chroniques au regard de leur niveau de LS. Contributions/Description : Selon des logiques systémiques et socioconstructivistes, la prise en compte de la littératie en éducation thérapeutique (ETP) est possible et pourrait concourir à l’augmentation des compétences en LS et plus largement des compétences en littératie. Discussion : L’ETP pourrait être considérée comme une première étape vers un retour à l’apprentissage des personnes faiblement alphabétisées. La prise en compte de la LS dans les soins devra passer par la mise en place de liens entre les milieux sanitaire et socio-éducatif afin de constituer une porte d’accès pour ces publics souvent éloignés du système de soins. La formation des soignants/éducateurs et la reconnaissance de différents formats d’éducation permettraient d’adapter l’offre éducative dans ses contenus et ses méthodes. Conclusion : Le modèle d’intervention pédagogique proposé apporte une réponse aux inégalités d’accès à l’ETP des personnes ayant de faibles compétences en LS. Il promeut une vision singulière et globale de la personne concourant à son autonomie en santé en intégrant à la fois l’approche clinique individuelle et l’approche de la santé publique du concept.
Therapie der renalen Anämie
Authors: Krüger Thilo
Published: December 2019

Die renale Anämie gehört zu den wesentlichen Begleiterkrankungen von Patienten mit fortgeschrittener Nierenerkrankung. Somit sind die Diagnose und Therapie eine wesentliche Aufgabe des Nephrologen. Seit Zulassung von Epoetin hat sich dieses Feld enorm verbreitert und ist deutlich komplexer geworden. Dieser Artikel beschreibt pathophysiologische Zusammenhänge sowie die aktuellen Empfehlungen zur Therapie mittels Epoetin. Orale Antagonisten der HIF-Ph (Hypoxia-Inducible-Factor Prolylhydroxylase), auch HIF-Stabilisatoren genannt, können eine weitere wesentliche Neuerung in der Therapie der renalen Anämie darstellen. Diese neue, noch in Erprobung befindliche Substanzklasse wird im vorliegenden Beitrag ebenfalls vorgestellt und es wird über die bisherigen Erkenntnisse berichtet.
Aktueller Forschungsstand zur HIV-PrEP: HIV-Prävention und Verbreitung anderer STI
Authors: Bremer Viviane , Koppe Uwe , Marcus Ulrich , Jansen Klaus
Published: December 2019

Einleitung Eine Infektion mit HIV kann durch die Einnahme einer HIV-Prä-Expositions-Prophylaxe (PrEP) wirksam verhindert werden. Die Einnahme einer PrEP schützt allerdings nicht vor anderen sexuell übertragbaren Infektionen (STI).

Forschungsziele Ziel des vorliegenden Forschungsüberblicks ist die Beantwortung von zwei Fragenkomplexen: 1. Wie verbreitet ist die PrEP, und wie wirkt sie sich auf die HIV-Prävalenz aus? 2. Kommt es im Zuge der PrEP-Einnahme durch möglicherweise vermehrt kondomlosen Sex zu einem epidemiologisch relevanten Anstieg von anderen STI?

Methoden Es wurden eine Literaturrecherche zu Studien zu PrEP, HIV und anderen STI durchgeführt und Meldedaten aus den USA, Großbritannien und Australien sowie eigene Daten aus Deutschland analysiert.

Ergebnisse Sowohl aus den bisher publizierten Daten aus dem Ausland als auch den eigenen Daten aus Deutschland geht hervor, dass sich die PrEP als wirksame HIV-Prophylaxe v. a. unter MSM verbreitet. Gleichzeitig zeigen die Daten, dass es innerhalb der letzten Jahre zu einem starken Anstieg von STI-Diagnosen gekommen ist. Dieser ist jedoch bereits vor der Einführung der PrEP zu beobachten gewesen und geht wahrscheinlich sowohl auf einen Anstieg von kondomlosem Analsex unter MSM als auch auf vermehrte niedrigschwellige Testangebote zurück. Ein kausaler Einfluss der PrEP ist bislang nicht belegt.

Schlussfolgerung Die Prävention anderer STI muss verbessert werden. Verbesserte STI-Testung und Anbindung von PrEP-Nutzer*innen an das medizinische Versorgungssystem bieten die Möglichkeit, den Anstieg von STI wirksam zu begrenzen. Daher ist es wichtig, dass den PrEP-Nutzer*innen – aber nicht nur diesen – regelmäßige kostenlose STI-Tests inklusive Beratung zur Verfügung stehen, wie vom Terminservice- und Versorgungsgesetz (TSVG) seit der zweiten Jahreshälfte 2019 vorgesehen.
The Role of Tanycytes in the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis and
the Possibilities for Their Genetic Manipulation
Authors: Müller-Fielitz Helge , Schwaninger Markus
Published: December 2019

Thyroid hormone (TH) regulation is important for development, energy homeostasis,
heart function, and bone formation. To control the effects of TH in target
organs, the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and the tissue-specific
availability of TH are highly regulated by negative feedback. To exert a central
feedback, TH must enter the brain via specific transport mechanisms and cross
the blood-brain barrier. Here, tanycytes, which are located in the ventral walls
of the 3rd ventricle in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH), function as
gatekeepers. Tanycytes are able to transport, sense, and modify the release of
hormones of the HPT axis and are involved in feedback regulation. In this
review, we focus on the relevance of tanycytes in thyrotropin-releasing hormone
(TRH) release and review available genetic tools to investigate the
physiological functions of these cells.
Radiographic and Computed Tomography Correlation of Kienböck's Disease: Is There a Need to Revisit Staging with Improved Imaging?
Authors: Mohan Arvind , Knight Richard , Ismail Hiba , Trail Ian A.
Published: December 2019

Carpal height ratio and ulnar variance on plain X-ray were measured and compared to the width/height ratio of the lunate as measured on a computed tomography (CT) scan in 50 patients with Kienböck's disease. Width/height ratio of the lunate was also measured in a series of 50 controls. No correlation between ulnar variance and fractures was found. Conversely, the correlation between carpal height ratio on X-ray and width/height ratio on a CT scan was statistically significant. Similarly, the correlation between ulnar variance and width/height ratio was statistically significant. We have concluded that width/height ratio while correlating with carpal height is a better measure of lunate collapse. It also appeared that lunate collapse precedes carpal collapse, specifically most if not all lunates have collapsed prior to reduction in carpal height ratio. Finally, while we are unable to conclude the level at which the width/height ratio of lunate becomes unreconstructable, it does appear that in all Litchman stage 3b and most if not all of 3a the shape of the lunate has altered significantly.
Photoinduced Carbon Tetrabromide Initiated Aerobic Oxidation of Substituted Toluenes to Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Zheng Kun , Yan Xiaoyu , Zhang Guofu , Yan Xinhuan , Li Xiaoqing , Xu Xiangsheng
Published: December 2019

A mild and metal-free procedure is reported for the aerobic oxidation of substituted toluenes to carboxylic acids by using CBr4 as initiator under irradiation from a 400 nm blue light-emitting diode.
Intracardiac Metastasis from a Large Cell Neuroendocrine Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Gaisendrees Christopher , Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Mader Navid , Wahlers Thorsten C. W.
Published: December 2019

Primary malignant tumors of the heart are rare; the biggest group is sarcomas. Cardiac metastases make up the biggest group of secondary cardiac tumors. We present a rare case of cardiac metastasis (3.1 × 3.2 × 2.8 cm) localized in the right atrium, originating from a large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinoma, with close contact to the tricuspid valve and inferior cava vein.
Lung Contusion in Polytrauma: An Analysis of the TraumaRegister DGU
Authors: Schulz-Drost Stefan , Finkbeiner Rebekka , Lefering Rolf , Grosso Marco , Krinner Sebastian , Langenbach Andreas ,   the TraumaRegister DGU
Published: December 2019

Background Thorax trauma frequently occurs in which injuries to the bony chest, lung contusions (LCs), and others are diagnosed. The significance of this violation is described very differently and is mostly based on monocentric data.

Methods A retrospective analysis of the TraumaRegister DGU® (TR-DGU) dataset (Project 2014–062) was performed between 2009 and 2014 (injury severity score [ISS] ≥ 16, primary admission to a trauma center, no isolated traumatic brain injury). Patients with LC (Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] 3 + 4) were compared with the control group, and an analysis of different age groups was performed.

Results A total of 49,567 patients were included, thereunder 14,521 (29.3%) without relevant thoracic trauma (TT); 95.9% blunt traumas. 18,892 patients (38.1%) had LC and 14,008 (28.3%) had severe LC with AIS 3 + 4; thereunder 72.7% males. For severe LC, the average age was the lowest (44.7 ± 19.7 years) and ISS the highest (30.4 ± 12.1 points).

Intubation, intensive care, (multi-) organ failure, sepsis, and extrathoracic injuries were most common in severe LC. Shock, chest tubes, further thoracic injuries, and patient death occurred most frequently in TT without LC.

Younger patients showed a higher incidence of LC than the older ones; however, high patient age was a highly significant risk factor for the development of complications and poor outcome.

Conclusion Since LC was present in almost 40% of the severely injured and was related to higher morbidity, LC should be detected and managed at the earliest possible time. Proper follow-ups employing chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are recommended.
Preliminary Use of Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography and Value in Predicting the Vascular Supply of Tissues Needed to Perform Cloacal, Anorectal Malformation, and Hirschsprung Reconstructions
Authors: Rentea Rebecca Maria , Halleran Devin R. , Ahmad Hira , Sanchez Alejandra Vilanova , Gasior Alessandra C. , McCracken Katherine , Hewitt Geri D. , Alexander Victoria , Smith Caitlin , Weaver Laura , Wood Richard J. , Levitt Marc A.
Published: December 2019

Introduction Reconstructive techniques for cloaca, anorectal malformations (ARM), and Hirschsprung disease (HD) may require intestinal flaps on vascular pedicles for vaginal reconstruction and/or colonic pull-throughs. Visual assessment of tissue perfusion is typically the only modality used. We investigated the utility of intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA) and hypothesized that it would be more accurate than the surgeon's eye.

Materials and Methods Thirteen consecutive patients undergoing cloacal reconstruction (9), HD (3), and ARM repair (1) underwent ICG-FA laser SPY imaging to assess colonic, rectal, vaginal, and neovaginal tissue perfusion following intraoperative visual clinical assessment. Operative findings were correlated with healing at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year postoperatively.

Results ICG-FA resulted in a change in the operative plan in 4 of the 13 (31%) cases. In three cases, ICG-FA resulted in the distal bowel being transected at a level (>10 cm) higher than originally planned, and in one case the distal bowel was discarded, and the colostomy used for pull-through.

Conclusion ICG-FA correctly identified patients who might have developed a complication from poor tissue perfusion. Employing this technology to assess rectal or neovaginal pull-throughs in cloacal reconstructions, complex HD, and ARM cases may be a valuable technology.
Management of Laryngotracheal Stenosis: A 10-Year Study on the Role of Stents
Authors: Arunachalam Ravikumar , Kumar Saravanam Prasanna
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) is mostly due to road traffic accidents, prolonged intubation, and tracheostomy.

Objectives

This study focused on a 10-year experience on the role of stents in the management of LTS in a tertiary referral hospital. The aims of this study were to study the internal dimensions of the subglottis and upper trachea in the Indian adult population; to study the mucosal response to injury to the subglottis and the trachea; and to develop an ideal stent for use in LTS in a rabbit model.

Materials and Methods

The authors have been treating patients with LTS since 2000. The present study deals with the experience of 82 cases of LTS treated over the past 10 years using stents as well as surgical procedures such as Shiann Yann Lee tracheoplasty and tracheal resection and anastomosis. The work also involved a focused research on LTS using rabbits by inducing injury to the mucosa of the upper trachea and subglottis and histological study of the response to injury. The study led to the development of new indigenous stent for use in rabbits to prevent LTS. This stent has been patented.

Statistical Analysis

The study of the subglottis and upper tracheal discussion have been analyzed and proved that the dimension in the Indian adult population was smaller than in Caucasians. The mucosal inflammation following injury at the subglottis and upper trachea can be reversed by topical application of triamcinolone, which was better than Mitomycin on statistical analysis.

Results

The quality of life measured after treatment of LTS using stents and other methods of reconstructive surgery has given an overall benefit of 90% with no mortality.

Conclusion

LTS is a preventable disease. It can be prevented by proper care of patients in ICU and correct technique of endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy. Further, it can be avoided using medications during extubation and proper decannulation protocol. The silastic “T” tube stents are useful to improve the quality of life in these patients.
Applications of Nanotechnology in the Diagnosis and Therapy of Stroke
Authors: Landowski Lila M. , Niego Be'eri , Sutherland Brad A. , Hagemeyer Christoph E. , Howells David W.
Published: December 2019

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The classification of stroke subtypes is difficult but critical for the prediction of clinical course and patient management, and limited treatment options are available. There is an urgent need for improvements in both diagnosis and therapy. Strokes have rapidly evolving phases of damage involving unique compartments of the brain, which imposes severe limitations for current diagnostic and treatment procedures. The rapid development of nanotechnology in other areas of modern medicine has ignited a widespread interest in its potential for the field of stroke. An important feature of nanoparticles is the relative ease in which their structures and surface chemistries can be modified for specific and potentially multiple, simultaneous purposes. Nanoparticles can be synthesized to carry and deliver therapeutics to specific cellular or subcellular compartments; they can be engineered to provide enhanced contrast for imaging based on the detection of changes in the blood flow; or possess ligand-specific chemistries which can facilitate diagnosis and monitor the treatment response. More specifically for a stroke, nanoparticles can be engineered to release their payload in response to the distinct extracellular processes occurring around the clot and in the ischemic penumbra, as well as aid in the detection of pathological hallmarks present at various stages of stroke progression. These capacities allow targeted release of disease-modifying agents in the affected brain tissue, increasing treatment efficacy, and limiting unwanted side effects. While nanospheres, liposomes, and mesoporous nanostructures all emerge as future prospects for stroke treatment and diagnosis, much of this potential is yet to be clinically realized. This review outlines aspects of nanotechnology identified as having potential to revolutionize the field of stroke.
Finite Element Analysis of Six Transcortical Pin Parameters and Their Effect on Bone–Pin Interface Stresses in the Equine Third Metacarpal Bone
Authors: Lescun Timothy B. , Adams Stephen B. , Main Russell P. , Nauman Eric A. , Breur Gert J.
Published: December 2019

Objective The objectives of this study were to validate a finite element model of the equine distal limb transfixation cast and to determine the effect of six transcortical pin parameters on bone–pin interface (BPI) stresses in the third metacarpal bone.

Study Design A transfixation cast finite element model was developed from a computed tomography scan of the third metacarpal bone and modelled pin elements. The model was validated by comparing strain measured around a 6.3-mm transfixation pin in the third metacarpal bone with the finite element model. The pin parameters of diameter, number, location, spacing, orientation and material were evaluated by comparing a variety of pin configurations within the model.

Results Pin diameter and number had the greatest impact on BPI stress. Increasing the diameter and number of pins resulted in lower BPI stresses. Diaphyseal pin location and stainless-steel pins had lower BPI stresses than metaphyseal location and titanium alloy pins, respectively. Offset pin orientation and pin spacing had minimal impact on BPI stresses during axial loading.

Conclusion The results provide evidence that diameter and number are the main pin parameters affecting BPI stress in an equine distal limb transfixation cast. Configurations of various pin size and number may be proposed to reduce BPI stresses and minimize the risk of pin related complications. Further refinement of these models will be required to optimize pin configurations to account for pin hole size and its impact on overall bone strength.
Immature Platelets As a Predictor of Disease Severity and Mortality in Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Systematic Review
Authors: Thorup Christian Velling , Christensen Steffen , Hvas Anne-Mette
Published: December 2019

Sepsis is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and short-term mortality remains above 30% despite relevant supportive and antibiotic treatments. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize and discuss the current evidence of the association of an increased number of circulating immature platelets with disease severity and mortality in patients with sepsis or septic shock. The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and was registered at the PROSPERO database (registration number: CRD42018104326). A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase on June 20, 2018, without time restrictions. The included studies were quality-assessed by the National Institutes of Health's Quality Assessment Tools. In total, 14 studies were included. The parameters used for the determination of platelet maturity were mean platelet volume, immature platelets fraction, reticulated platelet percentage, and absolute immature platelets count. Nine studies reported significantly increased immature platelet markers in nonsurvivors of septic shock compared with survivors, as well as in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock compared with patients without severe sepsis and septic shock. Six of these nine studies demonstrated that increased immature platelet markers were predictors of mortality and/or disease severity (area under the receiver operating curve: 0.599–0.886). This review suggests that an increased number of circulating immature platelets is associated with increased disease severity and mortality in patients with sepsis and septic shock. Larger studies are needed to confirm whether immature platelets should be routinely monitored to support the prediction of disease severity and mortality in septic patients.
Hemostatic Management of Extracorporeal Circuits Including Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Fang Zhe Amy , Navaei Amir Hassan , Hensch Lisa , Hui Shiu-Ki Rocky , Teruya Jun
Published: December 2019

Cardiopulmonary bypass and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) cause hemostatic derangements that can predispose patients to both bleeding and thrombotic complications. Often, patients present for urgent surgery while taking medications including antiplatelet agents, vitamin K antagonists, and direct oral anticoagulants, which must be recognized, monitored, and managed. During extracorporeal circulation, appropriate anticoagulation, most commonly with heparin, is required to maintain blood flow and avoid thrombotic complications. However, anticoagulation and other effects of extracorporeal circuits can also have an undesired consequence of bleeding. Extracorporeal circulation leads to coagulopathy that may require therapy with blood products such as platelets, cryoprecipitate, and plasma in case a patient bleeds. Platelet dysfunction related to exposure to a foreign circuit is a primary concern, as is the development of acquired von Willebrand syndrome, which frequently remains undetected on routine testing. Hemorrhagic complications in ECMO, such as intracranial hemorrhage, pulmonary hemorrhage, and hemithorax, can occur. Hemostatic agents including antifibrinolytics, desmopressin, fibrinogen concentrates, and other factor concentrates may be needed to achieve hemostasis in these often-challenging patients. Managing bleeding on extracorporeal support requires careful monitoring and a thoughtful approach.
Outcomes of Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstruction in Hypercoagulable Patients
Authors: Nguyen Trang T. , Egan Katie G. , Crowe Danielle L. , Nazir Niaman , Przylecki Wojciech H. , Andrews Brian T.
Published: December 2019

Background Inherited coagulopathies and previous thrombotic events are often considered relative contraindications to microvascular reconstruction. We hypothesize that with planning, head and neck microvascular reconstruction can be successfully performed in hypercoagulable individuals.

Methods A retrospective review was conducted of subjects with coagulopathies or previous thrombotic events who underwent microvascular head and neck reconstruction. Outcomes studied were “flap-related complications” (arterial/venous compromise or flap loss) and “patient-related complications” (hematoma, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, infection, stroke, or death).

Results One hundred thirty-four microvascular flaps were performed in 117 subjects. Twenty-four subjects (20.5%) had a preoperative hypercoagulable condition and underwent 28 microvascular reconstructions. Twenty-three of 24 subjects had a previous thrombotic event, with five subjects identified with an inherited or acquired coagulopathy. All microvascular reconstructions were successful; however, complications occurred in 12 of 28 reconstructions (42.9%). Complications were “flap related” in four reconstructions (14.3%), “patient related” in nine reconstructions (32.1%), and both in one reconstruction (3.6%). Flap-related complications included small partial flap loss (n = 2), arterial compromise (n = 1), and venous compromise (n = 1), with all undergoing successful salvage. Patient-related complications included hematoma (n = 3), pulmonary embolism (n = 2), infection (n = 2), deep venous thrombosis (n = 1), and death (n = 1). Statistical analysis demonstrated that complications were more common in subjects with inferior vena cava filters (p = 0.06) and hematomas were associated with the use of therapeutic heparin infusion (p = 0.04).

Conclusion Microvascular head and neck reconstruction can be successfully performed in hypercoagulable subjects. However, patient-related complications remain a concern in these subjects.
Histopathological analysis of the inflammatory response of two invasive techniques in the calcaneal tendon of a mouse
Authors: F. Medina i Mirapeix , JA García Vidal , P. Escolar Reina , CM Martínez Cáceres
Published: December 2019

Background and Aim Percutaneous needle electrolysis (PNE) is a therapeutic tool which has demonstrated its effectiveness of the treatment of tendinopathies and muscle problems. Previous authors have based the therapeutic effect of the same on the ability to provoke an important inflammatory response. However, there is a scarcity of basic research directed at understanding its effects on a cellular and histological level. The aim of this study was to histopathologically compare the inflammatory response provoked by PNE versus dry needling (DN) in a healthy animal model.

Material and Methods For the proposed study aim a murine model was used with a total of 18 C57BL/6J mice. All animals received an application of DN in the left common calcaneal tendon, whereas on the right, treatment with PNE was applied (3 impacts of 3mA during 3 seconds). Groups of animals were sacrificed at 3, 7 and 15 days to evaluate the histopathological evolution of the lesions. Samples of the common calcaneal tendon were taken and fixed in commercial formalin at 4% tamponed during 24 hours, processed and included in paraffin blocks. Sections of 3 microns thick were performed which were dyed with hematoxylin-eosin for conventional histopathological examination.

Results Dry needling of the common calcaneal tendon induced the presence of an acute inflammatory infiltrate (characterized by the presence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and macrophages) in the peritenon and adjacent fat tissue which was detectable after the third day, and which was most notable on days 7 and 14. The application of PNE induced a pattern with a similar behavior, however on day 14, the inflammatory infiltrate of PNE was more evident compared with DN.

Conclusion The proposed in vivo murine model has been useful for the study of the first phases of the regeneration process induced by both techniques. The histopathological results show that PNE generates a superior stimulus compared to DN on day 14.