bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When Justice Fails: Jurisdiction and Imprecation in Ancient Egypt and the near East
Authors: Assmann Jan
Published: January 2018

In this comparative study of ancient belief and practice, the Egyptian evidence is analysed first, then placed in the wider context of the Near East. It is argued that, while laws and curses are both ways of preventing damage by threatening potential evildoers with punishment, the difference lies in the fact that in the one case punishment is to be enforced by social institutions, in the other by divine agents. Curses take over where laws are bound to fail, as when crimes remain undetected and when the law itself is broken or abandoned. The law addresses the potential transgressor, the curse the potential law-changer who may distort or neglect the law. The law protects the social order, the curse protects the law. These points are illustrated by extensive quotation from Egyptian and Near Eastern texts.
Literary form and the Tale of the Eloquent Peasant
Authors: Parkinson R. B.
Published: January 2018

The Tale of the Eloquent Peasant is a complex work, for the interpretation of which literary form is crucial. The text is a unity, incorporating diverse styles and genres. It combines two modes of narrative and discourse which are indirectly complementary, being antithetical in their articulation of meaning. This antithesis is also presented through stylistic contrasts within the Tale and by a pervasive use of irony. Although the Tale is concerned with its own writing, the subject matter is not restricted to this. The formal tension between narrative and discourse parallels the dichotomy of awareness which underlies the plot, and which is between the situation as it appears to the protagonist and as it is presented to the audience. Form and content cannot be separated; the literary form which embodies this dichotomy is at one with the creation of the Tale's meaning.
Painted Pavements in the Great Palace at Amarna
Authors: Weatherhead Fran
Published: January 2018

During excavations at the Great Palace at Amarna, three large floor-paintings were found in the area known as the North Harim. Two of the pavement designs are published here for the first time. All three were connected by a painted pathway of captives. Study of the painted pavements, together with plans of the Great Palace and other New Kingdom palaces, suggests that the room called the Main Hall may have been a throne room.
Agricultural Activity by the Workmen of Deir El-Medina
Authors: Mcdowell Andrea
Published: January 2018

It is generally agreed that the workmen engaged in agricultural activity, although not to what extent. Farming is best documented in the late Twentieth Dynasty, when conditions were perhaps exceptional, but there is indirect evidence of agriculture at all periods. The workmen kept oxen and donkeys which they may have used in cultivation, and some had large numbers of private servants who perhaps worked the land. Agricultural tools and silos found in the village are further signs of farming. The source of land is a matter of speculation; some fields may have belonged to local cults, but a few texts suggest that workmen themselves owned land. Baer has shown that farming could be very profitable, and it is known that some New Kingdom officials enjoyed an extra income from land. Despite the lack of explicit textual evidence, it is possible that some Deir el-Medina workmen did the same.
The Adoption Papyrus in Social Context
Authors: Eyre C. J.
Published: January 2018

The social context of the Adoption Papyrus is discussed. It is argued that the motivation behind the text was to ensure the material security and social position of a childless woman, first through a ‘non-divorce’ settlement, and then through control of succession to the role of head of the family. This is related to issues of family solidarity, marriage strategies, and the administration of property rights. These are discussed in the context of norms of social behaviour in the Near East, and in particular through comparison with Aramaic documents from Elephantine and with more modern village life in Egypt.
Merit by Proxy: The Biographies of the Dwarf Djeho and His Patron Tjaiharpta
Authors: Baines John
Published: January 2018

The Thirtieth Dynasty biography and figure caption on the sarcophagus of the dwarf Djeho (Cairo CG 29307) and a passage from the sarcophagus of the high official Tjaiharpta (CG 29306) are presented in annotated translation. Djeho's longer text appears unique in being concerned more with the other-worldly destiny of another person, Tjaiharpta, than with Djeho himself. The two similar hard-stone sarcophagi were buried in a single tomb near the Sarapieion road at Saqqara, together with at least seven other people. The presentation of one person's merits through another is probably connected with Djeho's role in dancing at the mortuary ceremonies of the Apis and Mnevis bulls. Among other questions, the find raises issues of royal and non-royal patronage, of the location of tombs, the placing of biographies on sarcophagi, the use of intermediaries before the gods, and the implications of Tjaiharpta's partial deference to Djeho in relation to general conceptions of the person.
Cyril Aldred
Authors: James T. G. H.
Published: January 2018

‘I have examined Mr Cyril Aldred and I have found him to have a very fair knowledge of Egyptological subjects especially that of Egyptian Art.’
The Sir Gardner Wilkinson Papers: An Update
Authors: Thompson Jason
Published: January 2018

A brief account of the papers of Sir Gardner Wilkinson and the circumstances leading to their deposition in the Bodleian Library in Oxford.
Yet Again the Wax Crocodile: P. Westcar 3, 12 ff
Authors: Eyre C.J.
Published: January 2018

The nature of the magic crocodile is defined by a pun on its size.
Head Injuries in Egypt and Nubia: A Comparison of Skulls from Giza and Kerma
Authors: Filer Joyce M.
Published: January 2018

Report on the examination of two groups of Egyptian and Nubian skulls with head injuries. A system of categories to define head injuries is presented and comparison made with work done by other researchers.
A Falsely Attributed Monument
Authors: Eaton-Krauss M.
Published: January 2018

The cartouches naming Psamtik II as the king shown on the ‘intercolumnar slab’ in Vienna (Kunsthistorisches Museum 213) are secondary. The monument was originally made for Psamtik I or Necho II.
A Small Note on Early Demotic Texts and Archives
Authors: Van Heel Koen Donker
Published: January 2018

A recent suggestion that nearly 45 per cent of all early demotic texts once belonged to a single archive is challenged, and the reading of a personal name in P. Louvre 7854 on which it was based is corrected.
‘Analecta Iranica’ Aus Den Demotischen Dokumenten Von Nord-Saqqara
Authors: Huyse Philip
Published: January 2018

A number of Iranian names found in demotic papyri and ostraca from the ‘Sacred Animal Necropolis’ in North Saqqara are identified and discussed.
A Pair of Papyrus Sandals
Authors: Van Haarlem Willem M.
Published: January 2018

Publication of a rare pair of funerary papyrus sandals in the Allard Pierson Museum, Amsterdam (APM 11988), belonging to the singer of Amon-Re, Mry-'lmn-it. s. Probably from Thebes, and dating to the Ptolemaic Period.
Ein Verschollener Reliefblock Von Der Grabkapelle Einer Frühmeroitischen Kandake
Authors: Zach Michael
Published: January 2018

A drawing preserved in the Griffith Institute, Oxford, records an early Meroitic relief block which is now lost. It shows a woman's arm and an inscription, and comes from a tomb chapel in the southern cemetery of Begarawiya, where it was found by Ferlini. Its precise provenance may be either S1 or S9. The inscription attests a hitherto unknown Kandake, who can be dated to the first half of the third century BC. From about the same time comes the representation of another royal lady, whose demolished tomb chapel was at least partly reused in the construction of the pyramid Beg N 16.
The Roman ‘Carrot’ Amphora and Its Egyptian Provenance
Authors: Tomlin R. S. O.
Published: January 2018

Publication of an inscription painted on a sherd of a Roman ‘carrot’ amphora found at Carlisle. Its apparent reference to the fruit of the doum palm (κoύκια) suggests that this class of amphora, whose provenance has been uncertain, was made in Egypt and was used to export Egyptian preserved fruit.
The Tomb of Iniuia: Preliminary Report on the Saqqara Excavations, 1993
Authors: Schneider Hans D. , Martin Geoffrey T. , Van Dijk Jacobus , Aston Barbara Greene , Perizonius Rutger , Strouhal Eugen
Published: January 2018

This report outlines the results of the 1993 season of the joint EES-Leiden Museum Expedition in the New Kingdom necropolis of Memphis at Saqqara. Excavations were started in the area south of the tomb of Horemheb, where a group of mud-brick tombs of the late Eighteenth and early Nineteenth Dynasty are situated. One of these, the tomb of Iniuia, Overseer of the Cattle of Amun and High Steward in Memphis, was excavated. One of the chapels is decorated with wall-paintings, and is the first of its kind to be found in this part of Saqqara in a reasonably good condition. The main chapel was covered with a mud-brick pyramid, the lower part of which is still in place. A number of reliefs and fragments, partly deriving from this pyramid-chapel and betraying Amarna influence, were found. The substructure of the tomb consists of two burial chambers. Progress was made with the study of pottery and skeletal material excavated during former seasons in the tomb-complex of Maya and Meryt. The tomb of Iniuia was restored and chapels A and B of the tomb of Maya were reconstructed.
Memphis, 1992
Authors: Giddy Lisa , Jeffreys David
Published: January 2018

The main work this season was the continued study of material recovered during excavations at Kom Rabi'a, including small finds, pottery, seeds and bones. In addition further geoarchaeological survey was carried out between the ruin field and the desert edge at Saqqara, and the epigraphic and archaeological survey of the Ptah enclosure west gate continued to investigate the possibility of companion pieces to the Middle Kingdom inscribed block reused in the Ramesside structure.
Preliminary Report of the National Museums of Scotland Saqqara Survey Project, 1990–91
Authors: Mathieson Ian J. , Tavares Ana
Published: January 2018

The National Museums of Scotland Survey aims to produce an up-to-date archaeological and sub-surface geophysical map of the area known as the Abusir West-Saqqara Wadi. The work combines remote sensing investigation, field inspection and archival research into previous excavations and surveys with selected excavation exposures of targeted anomalies.
A Consideration of Differences between the Pottery Showing Palestinian Characteristics in the Maadian and Gerzean Cultures
Authors: Tutundžić Sava P.
Published: January 2018

Recent publication of pottery finds from many years of excavations at Maadi and the latest relevant discoveries in Lower Egypt have made possible a more comprehensive typological comparison between pottery showing Palestinian features found in Maadian and Gerzean cultural contexts. This comparison shows that such pottery is different in character in the two cultures, and that the reason for this is primarily chronological. Examples found at Maadian sites correspond closely to the Early Proto-Urban period in Palestine, those at Gerzean sites to the Late Proto-Urban period.
Fingers, Stars, and the ‘Opening of the Mouth’: The Nature and Function of the N

T

R WJ-Blades
Authors: Roth Ann Macy
Published: January 2018

In JEA 78, it was argued that the ‘opening of the mouth’ ritual of the Egyptian mortuary cult re-enacted the transitions of birth and childhood in order to render the reborn dead person mature enough to eat an adult meal. Here its central act, the opening of the mouth itself, is shown to mimic the clearing of a newborn's mouth with the little fingers. Originally, the gesture resembled that of anointing; later the fingers were replaced by the finger-shaped ntrwj-blades, and in the Sixth Dynasty the adze was imported from the statue ritual. As frequently happened in Egyptian religion, however, ritual texts and iconography continued to invoke the older implements along with the newer tools, in order to render the ritual more effective. The relationship between birth and statues is intriguingly paralleled in a Mesopotamian statue ritual.
Amethyst Mining in the Eastern Desert: a Preliminary Survey at Wadi El-Hudi
Authors: Shaw Ian , Jameson Robert
Published: January 2018

The most important of the archaeological remains at Wadi el-Hudi are a series of amethyst mines of the pharaonic period. Inscriptions associated with the site were published by Ahmed Fakhry in 1952, but the Middle Kingdom settlement and fortress adjacent to the mines were only briefly described. A preliminary survey of the site, undertaken in November 1992, has provided sufficient new data to allow the archaeological significance of the Wadi el-Hudi mining settlements to begin to be assessed.
The Dedication Formula 'IR.N.F M MNW.F
Authors: Castle Edward W.
Published: January 2018

A study of the problems involved in the translation of the dedication formula ir.n.f m mnw.f. Previous theories attempting to resolve these problems are subjected to critical examination and a new theory proposed. The semantic direct object of the verb is found in the phrase m mnw.f, the direct object being coordinated with the preposition m in order to allow it to function within an emphasized adverbial adjunct as the emphasized semantic direct object of a nominal ir.n.f. Following infinitives are treated as substantives in apposition to this emphasized semantic direct object.
New Light on the Recarved Sarcophagus of Hatshepsut and Thutmose I in the Museum of Fine arts, Boston
Authors: Der Manuelian Peter , Loeben Christian E.
Published: January 2018

The royal sarcophagus Boston MFA 04.278 is of critical importance to the art historical, political and mortuary history of the early Eighteenth Dynasty, yet has been inadequately documented. This study provides new photographs and computer-generated line drawings of all decorated surfaces, new insights into alterations and recarvings, and translations of all texts. The sarcophagus, including its archaeological history and inscriptional evidence, is set in its historical context; it provides no evidence in favour of KV 20 being originally the sepulchre of Thutmose I. Descriptions of the decoration, prototype Book of the Dead texts and facial representational styles follow. Concluding remarks focus on the development of early New Kingdom sarcophagi. An appendix presents scientific analysis of the red paint and filling material used in the recarved inscriptions.
Le nbi Et Le Canon De Proportions
Authors: Simon Claire
Published: January 2018

A re-examination of the corpus of length-measuring instruments reveals the existence of standardized tools and apparently unstandardized ones. It is shown that the latter are inscribed with different scales of the canon of proportion which were intended to draw the preparatory grids for decorated walls. Some of them, found at Kahun, have previously been wrongly interpreted as foreign standards. The word nbi is studied anew and the author demonstrates, with the help of the plan of Senenmut's tomb (TT 71) sketched on an ostracon, that the nbi is a linear measure of 70 cm (divided into seven units of 10 cm), i.e. a wooden rod inscribed with the canon at full scale. In use possibly as early as the Old Kingdom, the nbi was certainly employed from the Twelfth Dynasty onward in several parts of Egypt, until the reform of the canon during the Twenty-sixth Dynasty made this implement obsolete.
The Mummy of Baket-En-Her-Nakht in the Hancock Museum: A Radiological Update
Authors: Watson Elizabeth J. , Myers Michael
Published: January 2018

Re-publication of the mummy of Baket-en-her-nakht (Twenty-second Dynasty) in the Hancock Museum, Newcastle upon Tyne. Results of recent investigation with X-ray and C.A.T.-scan techniques are presented and compared with the previous radiological examination of 1964.
A Pair of Oracle Petitions Addressed to Horus-of-the-Camp
Authors: Ryholt Kim
Published: January 2018

Edition of a complementary pair of oracle petitions in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, dating to the late Twentieth or early Twenty-first Dynasty and addressed to the obscure god Horus-of-the-Camp. Although oracle petitions written upon papyrus are known from this period, these two are the only ones which have actually been preserved. An appendix on the god Horus-of-the-Camp is included.
Les Bandelettes De Momie Du Musée Vleeshuis D'Anvers
Authors: De Caluwe Albert
Published: January 2018

Publication of the mummy bandages belonging to the Egyptian collection of the Vleeshuis Museum at Antwerp. Several specific problems of the late Book of the Dead are discussed, as are also prosopography and onomastics of the Late Period and the Ptolemaic era.
The Representation of Young Males in ‘Fayum Portraits’
Authors: Montserrat Dominic
Published: January 2018

This article discusses the symbolism used on the mummy portraits of adolescent boys from Roman Egypt. The social implications of these symbols and representational modes are examined, with particular reference to their links with contemporary constructs of puberty, male sexuality and rebirth.
The Identification of Tomb B1 at Abydos: Refuting the Existence of a King *Ro/*Iry-Hor
Authors: Wilkinson Toby A. H.
Published: January 2018

The epigraphic and ceramic evidence from Tomb B1 at Abydos is re-examined, yielding a date for the tomb of the reign of Narmer. The identity of the owner of B1 as a king is refuted; the group of signs previously identified as the name of a king *Iry-Hor is reinterpreted as a mark of the royal treasury.
Blocks from the Tomb of Shed-Abed at Saqqara
Authors: El-Sabbahy Abdul-Fattah
Published: January 2018

Publication of two door jambs originally found by Firth and Gunn near the pyramid of Tety, and recovered again in 1987. The jambs are inscribed with the titles of an official named Shed-abed who must have served the Memphite king and the funerary cult of King Tety during the early First Intermediate Period.
Two Monuments of Eleventh Dynasty Date from Dendera in the Cairo Museum
Authors: Abdalla Aly
Published: January 2018

Primary publication of Cairo JE 46048, Serial Reg. 15381, the architrave of Hornakhte, with an autobiographical text, and of Cairo JE 46049, Serial Reg. 15591, the family stela of Iteti. Both date to the Eleventh Dynasty.
Some de Visu Observations on P. Hermitage 1115
Authors: Bolshakov Andrey O.
Published: January 2018

De visu investigation of P. Hermitage 1115, which bears the only copy of the Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor, gives new information on the history of this papyrus. It is a palimpsest, with some sheets glued together after the original text had been washed off, which can presumably be explained by the necessity to cut away damaged areas. A narrow papyrus strip is preserved, which is glued along the right (initial) edge of P. Hermitage 1115, and which partly overlaps one of the signs in col. 1. To the author's mind it is the only remnant of a lost previous sheet which must have contained the beginning of the Shipwrecked Sailor. Thus, the only known manuscript of the Shipwrecked Sailor is incomplete, and the introduction of the tale is lost. This reconstruction of the history of P. Hermitage 1115 is not beyond debate, but it may be of service for future interpretations of the Shipwrecked Sailor.
The Ashburnham Ring and the Burial of General Djehuty
Authors: Reeves Nicholas
Published: January 2018

Publication of British Museum EA 71492, suggesting its probable association with the burial of Djehuty, the ‘hero of Joppa’, brought to light by local inhabitants at Saqqara in 1824.
An Early Ramesside Stela of a Chief of Hour Watchers in the Memphite Temple of Ptah
Authors: Daoud Khaled
Published: January 2018

Publication of a fragment of a Ramesside tomb stela of Inu…, chief of hour watchers and chief of the offering bearers in the temple of Ptah. The stela was found at Saqqara, next to the tomb of Horemheb. The lexicography of the titles and the name are discussed in detail.
M-Mjtt Bnw (Panastasi I 4, 5)
Authors: Krauss Rolf
Published: January 2018

The meaning of the wish for transformation ‘like the benu-phoenix’ in pAnastasi I has not hitherto been explained. The author suggests that benu may here stand for the planet Venus, as in New Kingdom astronomical texts; the wish may thus refer to the planet's changing phases.
Psusennes II and Shoshenq I
Authors: Dodson Aidan
Published: January 2018

The publication of a text naming both Psusennes II and Shoshenq I, copied in Theban Tomb A.18 by Sir John Gardner Wilkinson, and now lost.
The Date of Piye's Egyptian Campaign and the Chronology of the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty
Authors: Depuydt Leo
Published: January 2018

This paper examines the chronology of the Nubian kings Piye, Shabaka, and Shabataka. The status of 712 BC as an ‘anchor date’ for the period is challenged and a ‘minimal chronology’, based on the highest known regnal dates of these kings, is presented, yielding the dates 728–706 BC for the reign of Piye, 706–692 BC for that of Shabaka, and 692–690 BC for that of Shabataka. It is suggested that the absence of evidence positively refuting the minimal chronology, which is shorter than any dating ever accepted or assumed for the earlier part of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty, shows how uncertain the period's chronology remains and that there may be room for a lower chronology.
Udjarenes Rediscovered
Authors: Bierbrier M. L.
Published: January 2018

Publication of the upper portion of a shabti of Udjarenes, wife of Montemhat, now in the British Museum, and its identification with a similar piece published in 1737.
The Demise of the Demotic Document: When and why
Authors: Lewis Naphtali
Published: January 2018

The decline of the Demotic business document after the Roman annexation of Egypt is attributed to the legal and administrative exclusivity of Greek under the new regime.
For the Sake of ∘γωϣ, ‘Love’: An Exception to the Stern-Jernstedt Rule and its History
Authors: Depuydt Leo
Published: January 2018

A historical explanation is offered for the exceptional behaviour of the Coptic verb Oγωω ‘love, wish’ in relation to the Stern-Jernstedt Rule. It is argued that, at the time when the Stern-Jernstedt Rule took effect, in early Demotic, there were two constructions wḫȝ n ‘seek’ and wḫȝ ‘wish’ and that the verb wḫȝ in the latter meaning was barred from the indirect connection of the direct object because wḫȝ n meant ‘seek’ in all its conjugations.
Preliminary Report on Work at the Sacred Animal Necropolis, North Saqqara, 1992
Authors: Nicholson Paul T.
Published: January 2018

Outline of the work undertaken at the Sacred Animal Necropolis at North Saqqara in 1992. The purpose of the project was to supplement information recorded by previous EES missions to the site and to apply recently developed analytical methods, particularly metrical analyses. Although the work represents a new study, it is also intended to facilitate the publication of the site currently being undertaken by H. S. Smith.
Preliminary Report of the Second Survey Season at Gebel El-Haridi, 1993
Authors: Kirby Christopher J.
Published: January 2018

The second survey season at Gebel el-Haridi concentrated on a series of mud-brick ruins and rock-cut features near the north end of Abu el-Nasr. The results of an extensive mapping project and pottery survey revealed an enclosed settlement and cemetery with surface material dating from the second and the sixth centuries AD. This settlement has been tentatively identified as a monastery. Preliminary analysis was also undertaken on building remains in front of Quarry E at the south end of Gebel Abu el-Nasr. Both architecture and surface material were distinctly different to those of the enclosed settlement on the lower slopes, with well-preserved terrace platforms and thicker mud-brick superstructures.
Preliminary Survey in the Wadi Abu Had, Eastern Desert, 1992
Authors: Bomann Ann , Young Robert
Published: January 2018

A report of the preliminary archaeological survey carried out during 1992 in the Wadi Abu Had in the Eastern Desert. Its main objective was to discover a secondary route in the less well-known areas of the Eastern Desert that could provide a link between Egypt and the Near East. The topographical layout of the region was examined and evidence sought on inhabitants, either itinerant or semi-nomadic, who might have occupied this area at various stages of prehistoric and historic Egypt. Large scatters of flint and knapping sites were discovered, dating from the Lower Palaeolithic to the Holocene. Additionally, stone structures varying from desert hearths, road markers, and small cairns to rock shelters were sighted, together with Bedouin remains and sherd scatters.
A Fragmentary Monument of Djoser from Saqqara
Authors: Hawass Zahi
Published: January 2018

Publication of a monument discovered at Saqqara, belonging to Djoser and, specifically, to his pyramid complex. This limestone piece with reliefs on three of its sides and an unfinished rough-cut back and top had been broken into two parts. The decoration is composed of snakes, jackals, lions/lionesses, serekks and the Horus name Ntry-ht. Three locations for the original emplacement of the monument are suggested: the hebsed court, the north side of the pyramid complex, and within a ceremonial gateway. This unique monument has no parallel in the Third Dynasty. Its discovery may change suggestions for the reconstruction of the pyramid complex of Djoser.
The Water Regime for Orchards and Plantations in Pharaonic Egypt
Authors: Eyre C.J.
Published: January 2018

Plantation agriculture differed from annual arable farming because of the need for investment in land development and for a perennial water supply. The typical orchard, a small walled plot containing a standing water source, is widely attested in the textual and pictorial record at all periods of Egyptian history. Differences in water management between plantation and seasonal crop cultivation are important for the history of irrigation and water control in ancient Egypt. Changes in the terminology for types of land in the New Kingdom may reflect the development of large-scale plantation agriculture in the Fayum and the Delta, which implies the use of seasonal, canal-fed rather than basin flooding of the land. It may also reflect the expansion of fully-controlled basin irrigation into previously under-developed areas. In appearance, organization, working practices, and economic role, the individual orchard changed little between the Old Kingdom and the Roman period. However, the development of plantation districts and the associated habits of water control provide a model for land development in general during the pharaonic period, and the basis for perennial irrigation in the post-pharaonic period.
Bullfight Scenes in Ancient Egyptian Tombs
Authors: Galán José M.
Published: January 2018

Fights between two bulls began to be represented on the walls of local chiefs' tombs in the Sixth Dynasty and lasted until the reign of Thutmosis III, in the Eighteenth Dynasty. The scene has been regarded as one of ‘daily life’. However, its symbolic character is suggested by its context and by contemporary religious-funerary texts, and this explains its incorporation into the tomb iconographic repertoire. The deceased is identified with a bull, leader of its herd, when he is forced to defend his status as regional social leader (on earth), which is questioned by the challenge of another leader. The deceased, by overcoming his opponent, is enabled to claim his right to maintain his leadership in the Netherworld. This symbolism of the bullfight was also mobilized in literature and in royal inscriptions.
'IR WNN Ś

D

M.F (Ś

D

M.N.F) Et 'IR Ś

D

M.F (Ś

D

M.N.F): Une Approche Structuraliste
Authors: Kruchten J.-M.
Published: January 2018

There is a more fundamental difference than a mere shade of meaning between the pattern ‘ir śdm.f (or śdm.n.f) + adverbial syntagm’ and the pattern ‘ir wnn śdm.f (or śdm.n.f) + adverbial syntagm’, wherein the substantivizer wnn appears between the particle ir of the thematization and the nominal verbal form śdm.f or śdm.n.f. In the first construction, the adverbial syntagm is a mere facultative adjunct, and we have to translate the whole sentence without putting any special stress on it. But in the second, this same adverbial syntagm a fixed part of the pattern: the predicate of the nominal verbal form, which comes just before and acts as the subject of the sentence nominalized by the wnn. So, we have to translate this conditional protasis accordingly, by means of a locution such as ‘(if) it is … that he hears/has heard …’
Balustrades, Stairs and Altars in the Cult of the Aten at El-Amarna
Authors: Shaw Ian
Published: January 2018

The fragments of stone balustrades, parapets and screen walling from the city of el-Amarna are an invaluable source of evidence for the idiosyncratic nature of the cult of the Aten and its associated architecture. The presence of ramps and steps flanked by balustrades in most of the major buildings at el-Amarna suggests that Akhenaten was obliged to devise innovative architectural forms to provide suitable contexts for the worship of the Aten.
Debts and Credit in the New Kingdom
Authors: Janssen Jac. J.
Published: January 2018

Discussion of some Deir el-Medina ostraca in which nty m-di is the key term. They are to be distinguished from those which record an exchange transaction. The suggestion (by Manning et al.) that the nty m-di formula indicates that a middleman was involved is rejected. The texts reflect an ‘open credit system’, typical for an economically less developed, moneyless society. At the end the matter of P. Cairo 65739 is discussed as a clear example of the system.
A Late Eighteenth Dynasty Statue in the Nicholson Museum, Sydney
Authors: Sowada Karin
Published: January 2018

Publication of a little-known private statue dating to the late Eighteenth Dynasty, donated to the University of Sydney's Nicholson Museum.
Egyptian Manuscripts in the Wellcome Collection
Authors: Quirke S. G. J. , Tait W. J.
Published: January 2018

Publication of Wellcome Egyptian Manuscripts 2 to 10: part of a late Ramesside letter; a Third Intermediate Period Amduat papyrus including Hours 1 to 3; a Ptolemaic Book of the Dead in hieratic; the Demotic Bryce Papyrus; a Coptic homily on the Three Holy Children; two frames of Coptic fragments; and three modern liturgical books in Coptic. A note is included on Wellcome Egyptian Manuscript 1, fragments from hieratic prescriptions of the New Kingdom.
Post-Meroitic (‘X-Group’) and Christian Burials at Sesibi, Sudanese Nubia. The Excavations of 1937
Authors: Edwards David N.
Published: January 2018

Publication of a small group of ‘X-Group’ and Christian graves at Sesibi, excavated by the Egypt Exploration Society in January 1937. This is the most southerly site where typically ‘X-Group’ material has been found. A range of practices can be seen which provide a useful insight into the transition from typically pagan to Christian burial rites during the early sixth century AD.
Possible Sȝ-Signs from the Tomb of Djet (Uadji)
Authors: Adams Barbara
Published: January 2018

Fragments of modelled pottery excavated by Petrie in the Umm el-Qa'ab royal cemetery at Abydos are tentatively identified as parts of large, three-dimensional sȝ-signs once placed in recesses.
Further Observations on the Dedication Formula IR.N.F M MNW.F
Authors: Castle Edward W.
Published: January 2018

Some further observations concerning the grammatical structure of the dedication formula ir.n.f m mnw.f. Morphological evidence is presented in support of the identification of the verb as a nominal, or substantival, verbal form. The origin of the formula itself is traced to early king-lists where the logic of its syntactical structure conforms to what might properly be called an ‘onomastic pattern’.
On Supposed Connections between the ‘Canon of Proportions’ and Metrology
Authors: Robins Gay
Published: January 2018

The author examines Claire Simon's hypothesis that the nbj-rod was designed not for architectural use but for laying out the squared grids employed by artists to establish proportions of the human figure, and concludes that Simon fails to make her case.
Some Notes on the Story of the Shipwrecked Sailor
Authors: Ignatov Sergei
Published: January 2018

Notes on four problematic passages in the Shipwrecked Sailor.
Wall-Paintings from the North Harim in the Great Palace at Amarna
Authors: Weatherhead Fran
Published: January 2018

Two sketches made by Petrie which continue the ‘servants’ scene painted on a wall of the North Harim have recently been found in the Petrie Collection, University College London. A fragment of painted plaster from the scene is identified and a short description provided.
A Lexicographical Note on the Medinet Habu Inscription of Year 11
Authors: Jasnow Richard
Published: January 2018

In the Medinet Habu inscription of Year 11 on the Second Libyan War a problematic word kms occurs. The author discusses previous explanations of this term and suggests that kms is merely an ancient scribal error for the well known word gns, ‘violence’.
Ramose, An Overseer of the Chamberlains at Memphis
Authors: Daoud Khaled
Published: January 2018

Publication of a Ramesside block of the chamberlain of the Lord of the Two Lands, Ramose. The communication casts some light on the title imy-ḫnt, which is rarely found in the Memphite area, and also offers a preliminary list of the bearers of the name ‘Ramose’ at Memphis during the New Kingdom and the Late Period.
Henuttawy's Guilty Conscience (Gods and Grain in Late Ramesside Letter no. 37)
Authors: Sweeney Deborah
Published: January 2018

In Late Ramesside Letter no. 37, the singer of Amun Henuttawy explains how she was twice cheated out of grain consignments. She attributes these mishaps to the intervention of her patron god, Amun-Endowed-with-Eternity, who is avenging himself on her for allowing him to run out of grain offerings by depriving her of grain in turn. This article discusses the text and provides an overview of the background.
Reflections on the Goddess Tayet
Authors: El-Saady Hassan
Published: January 2018

A review of the monumental and textual evidence for the little-known Tayet, goddess of spinning and weaving.
Tutankhamun's Sarcophagus: An Addition and Two Corrections
Authors: Eaton-Krauss Marianne
Published: January 2018

Further notes to the author's recent publication of the sarcophagus.
A Stela of the Persian Period from Saqqara
Authors: Mathieson Ian , Bettles Elizabeth , Davies Sue , Smith H. S.
Published: January 2018

During test excavations on the north wall of the Gisr el-Mudir at Saqqara, the National Museums of Scotland expedition found an intact funerary stela with unusual scenes of exceptional interest to students of the Persian domination in Egypt. After a summary of the circumstances of its discovery, the stela is described, the inscriptions edited and translated, and its historical interest and date discussed.
La Basse Nubie a L'Ancien Empire: Egyptiens Et Autochtones
Authors: Gratien Brigitte
Published: January 2018

Was Lower Nubia inhabited during the Old Kingdom? Since G. A. Reisner's hypothetical ‘B Group’ was discounted, the archaeological sources seem to have contradicted the Egyptian texts, which give the impression of an area which was populated, if not prosperous. Examination of recent finds, however, suggests the existence of a Nubian population between Aniba and the Second Cataract, and the greater part of the Nubian pottery discovered on the Old Kingdom site at Buhen may provide the most convincing evidence for this.
‘Homosexual’ Desire and Middle Kingdom Literature
Authors: Parkinson R. B.
Published: January 2018

Sexual activity is a constant feature of human society, but sexuality has to be studied as a distinct cultural construct. It is articulated in texts and other cultural artefacts. Extant references to sexual acts between men in Middle Kingdom texts are few. In religious and commemorative texts such acts were presented as aggressive, but literary works accommodated a recognition of ‘homosexual’ desire. Two conclusions are suggested from this: that sexual relationships between men were considered irregular by the literate elite, and that the decorum of official texts differed from that of literary (fictional) texts. Three works in particular are discussed: the Teaching of Ptahhotep, the Tale of Horus and Seth, and the Tale of Neferkare and Sasenet.
Woods Used in Egyptian Bows and Arrows
Authors: Western A. C. , McLeod W.
Published: January 2018

Presentation of the results of botanical analyses of wood from ancient Egyptian bows and arrows in the collections of four museums, together with comments on the possible sources of the timbers, their qualities and some of their other uses. Most of the pieces (including all the bow fragments) came from indigenous trees. Five arrows made from imported wood are dated to the Twenty-sixth Dynasty, but three others, also imports, are assigned to the Protodynastic Period.
Wall-Paintings from the King's House at Amarna
Authors: Weatherhead Fran
Published: January 2018

New information about the wall-paintings discovered by Petrie, and later by Pendlebury, in the King's House at Amarna has been obtained by the author from archival sources and from a visit to the site in 1993. This has led to a new interpretation of one of the rooms as a throne room.
Amenmesse in Kent, Liverpool, and Thebes
Authors: Dodson Aidan
Published: January 2018

Publication of a fragment of rock-stela at Chiddingstone Castle, Kent (Inv. 42), which bears the names of Sethos II, written over the erased cartouches of Amenmesse. It may have come from the ‘Oratory of Ptah’ in the Deir el-Medina/Biban el-Harim area, as may a fragment of another relief formerly in Liverpool Museum (M13827). Consideration is also given to a former Liverpool statue base (M13510) that bore the superimposed names of Amenmesse and another king.
Historische Probleme Der 3. Zwischenzeit
Authors: Jansen-Winkeln Karl
Published: January 2018

Republication of a statue of Bes in the Oriental Museum, Durham, showing that interpretations based on earlier copies are untenable. The statue was dedicated by a High Priest Shoshenq, but his son Harsiese was only an ordinary prophet of Amun. Starting from the chronology of Aston, JEA 75, the author distinguishes the king, Harsiese A, from a High Priest, Harsiese B, who held office under Osorkon II. The slightly earlier High Priest Takeloth F is identified with the later king Takeloth II. It is further suggested that the ‘Theban Twenty-third Dynasty’ consists of two rival lines, each with its own High Priest: 1) Takeloth II and Iuput I, with High Priest Osorkon B (perhaps resident at Herakleopolis), and 2) Pedubast I and Shoshenq IV, with High Priests Harsiese B followed by Takeloth E (perhaps resident at Hermopolis). Since Pedubast is also attested in Lower Egypt, he probably had allies there. Finally, the High Priest Shoshenq of the Bes statue is identified with the king Shoshenq who renewed the statue Cairo CG 42192 for Psusennes II.
Regnal Years and Civil Calendar in Achaemenid Egypt
Authors: Depuydt Leo
Published: January 2018

This paper describes ancient Egyptian regnal and calendar dating in the Twenty-seventh Dynasty or First Persian Period, reviewing the evidence from Aramaic, cuneiform, Demotic Egyptian, Greek, and hieroglyphic Egyptian sources. A table listing the Egyptian regnal years of Persian kings is appended.
The Astronomical Ceiling of Deir El-Haggar in the Dakhleh Oasis
Authors: Kaper Olaf E.
Published: January 2018

Publication of the astronomical ceiling from the temple of Deir el-Haggar, and an interpretation of its contents. New parts of this ceiling were rediscovered in 1992–3 and a complete reconstruction is presented. On the basis of parallels, the ceiling's decoration can be dated to the second century AD. Notable aspects are the importance of the opposition of sun and moon, and the occurrence of a local version of the twelve gods of the lunar months.
A New King in the Western Desert
Authors: Wilkinson Toby A. H.
Published: January 2018

One of the early royal names documented by Winkler in the Western Desert has, until now, escaped the attention of Egyptologists. Taking into account current knowledge of early royal epigraphy and of late Predynastic political developments, a date is suggested for the new name. The significance of the inscriptions for early Egyptian activity in the peripheral regions is discussed, together with the difficulties inherent in reading the name.
The Stela of the Herdsman Pepi
Authors: Amer Amin A. M. A.
Published: January 2018

Publication of a small, late Middle Kingdom stela at Liverpool, whose owner apparently bears the modest title of ‘goatherd’ or similar.
A Problematic Wooden Statue in the Ashmolean Museum
Authors: Magee Diana
Published: January 2018

Publication of a problematic wooden statue in the Ashmolean Museum, with the unusual feature of a head apparently made as a piece separate from the body. Does it belong? The implications of this are discussed, and stylistic parallels adduced for an early Twelfth Dynasty date for the statue.
Two Unpublished Stelae from Beni Hasan
Authors: Orel Sara E.
Published: January 2018

Publication of two stelae from the lower necropolis at Beni Hasan, known only from photographs among John Garstang's field notes, with a discussion of their inscriptions and Twelfth Dynasty date.
An Incised Hieratic Ostracon (Ashmolean HO 655)
Authors: McDowell Andrea G.
Published: January 2018

Hieratic Ostracon 655 in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, bears an unusual legal text in which a dispute about a hut is apparently settled by arbitration. The method of writing is unique for this period; the hieratic text is deeply incised and filled with blue frit. It is suggested that the ostracon was erected as a stela in the hut by its new owner, as evidence of his rights. The unusual format may have been intended to give the appearance of an archival document on an ostracon or papyrus.
Some Remarks on Helck's ‘Anmerkungen zum Turiner Königspapyrus’
Authors: Von Beckerath J.
Published: January 2018

Comments on Helck's arrangement of the Turin Royal Canon, with suggestions concerning columns I, II, IV, V, IXb, and XI.
Kushite Headdresses and ‘Kushite’ Style
Authors: Russmann Edna R.
Published: January 2018

A review of three reliefs recently proposed as examples of Twenty-fifth Dynasty kings wearing the blue crown shows that none can be accepted as evidence that the Kushites wore this headdress. The most important example proves to be a Twenty-sixth Dynasty recarving of a blue crown over an original Kushite headdress, which leads to remarks on royal headdresses, and on the dynamics of style and iconography in this period.
Amunhotep Son of Hapu at Medinet Habu
Authors: Teeter Emily
Published: January 2018

Publication of a fragmentary gilded limestone statue of a seated figure holding an unrolled papyrus. The statue, Chicago OIM 14321, excavated at Medinet Habu, is identified as Amunhotep son of Hapu. The inscriptions on the back pillar and the papyrus suggest that the figure was an intercessory through which petitions could be relayed to the god Amun. Demotic texts, graffiti, and small finds, provide evidence that a cult of Amunhotep son of Hapu flourished at Medinet Habu in the Ptolemaic Period.
The So-Called Denon Papyri
Authors: Coenen Marc
Published: January 2018

A short outline of the history of the so-called Denon papyri and the circumstances leading to their presence in the Meermanno-Westreenianum Museum in The Hague and in the National Library of Russia in St. Petersburg (the former Imperial/State Public Library).
Tanning Tests for Two Documents Written on Animal Skin
Authors: Leach Bridget
Published: January 2018

Description of testing two animal skin manuscripts (BM EA 10122, 10281/2) for vegetable tannins to determine the method of skin preparation.
Mental health history—a contributing factor for poorer outcomes in burn survivors
Authors: Li Frank , Coombs Danielle
Published: January 2018

Background

A pre-morbid mental health history is common in patients with severe burn injuries. This creates challenges in providing rehabilitation. The aim of this study is to cross examine the possible impact of psychological co-morbidities on outcomes.

Methods

A notes audit was carried out examining patients that were admitted to Concord Hospital Burns Unit in a 3-year period (2010–2012). Patients with total body surface area (TBSA) of 20% or greater and aged between 16 and 50 years were included. Subjects were divided into a mental health group and a control group. SPSS version 21 statistic program was used for analysis the data.

Results

Data collected included length of stay, time to achieve independence, %TBSA, types of burns and surgery required. Results of 69 files showed that the average length of stay per %TBSA was nearly double in the patients with a mental health problem (1.47 vs 0.88). They also had a higher rate of re-graft (52% vs 22%) due to infection and poor nutrition. The average time for patients to achieve independence in daily living activity was significantly higher (p = 0.046) in the mental health group (36.2 days) versus the control group (24.1 days).

Conclusion

Patients with a mental health history may have poorer general health. This may result in a higher failure rate of grafting, leading to a requirement of re-graft. Hence, it took a longer time to achieve independence, as well as a longer hospital stay. A mental health history in burn survivors can be a contributing factor for poorer outcomes in the adult population.
Average Intermolecular Distances and Dynamics of Ruthenium-Containing Organometallic Ionic Liquids Studied by Nuclear Overhauser Effects between 19F and 1H Nuclei and NMR Relaxation Rate Measurements
Authors: Tei Chikai , Kuwahara Daisuke , Higashi Tomomi , Mochida Tomoyuki
Published: January 2018

The physical properties of organometallic ionic liquids containing cationic ruthenium sandwich complexes {[Ru(C5H5)(C6H5R)]X; R = OCH(C4H9)2, OCH(C2H5)(C6H13); X = N(SO2CF3)2, N(SO2F)2} are dependent on the substituents. To obtain detailed information about the motional states and configurations of the constituent ions of these ionic liquids, we performed one-dimensional (1D) heteronuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (HOESY) NMR experiments and the standard relaxation rate (1/T1 and 1/T2) measurements. We determined the intermolecular cross-relaxation rates between some cation blocks and the anion in each ionic liquid by analyzing the experimental data based on the extended Solomon differential equations. As a result, we were able to estimate several intermolecular distances between the cations and anions in the ionic liquids. This is the first time that NMR has been applied to the determination of the intermolecular cross-relaxation rates and the estimation of intermolecular distances of highly viscous ionic liquids consisting of heteronuclear multiple-spin systems without the support of any X-ray data. The viscosities of these ionic liquids depended largely on the motional correlation times of the cations rather than on the intermolecular distances between the cations and anions.
Moderately Flexible Trans-Chelating Diphosphine Ligands Consisting of a Triazine Unit Showing High Ligand Acceleration Effect for Heck Reaction
Authors: Korenaga Toshinobu , Kowata Ryo , Kotaki Tomohiro , Shibasaki Yuji , Oishi Yoshiyuki , Shimada Kazuaki
Published: January 2018

Originally designed trans-chelating diphosphine ligands with moderate flexibility that allows trans- to cis-isomerization and bidentate to monodentate complex form were developed. The novel ligand shows high ligand acceleration effect (LAE) for Heck reaction. The catalyst loading was decreased to 0.0001 mol%, and the turnover number (TON) reached 970,000. The catalytic cycle was evaluated by DFT calculations. The calculations revealed the following: 1) the insertion step in monodentate pathway was the rate-determining step, 2) the high LAE effect of the novel ligand was due to a facile change of conformation from trans to cis form and flexibility to avoid steric repulsion between substrate and catalyst in the insertion step as well.