bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality and Detergency Optimization, Liquid Detergent Preparation, Mahogany Seed Extract (Swietenia mahagoni)
Authors: Yuliyanti Mela , Husada Vinsensius Maunia Singgih , Fahrudi Halida Anwar Alzundi , Setyowati Widiastuti Agustina Eko
Published: October 2019

The use of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate(LAS) as a surfactant for making detergent can pollute aquatic ecosystem and agricultural soils. Mahogany seed extract can be used as a substitute for LAS because it contains saponin so that it can be used also as a foaming agent to remove dirt on clothes. This research  aims to know  the optimum liquid detergent formula seen from its suitability with SNI 06-4075-1996 about Liquid Washing Detergents, foam stability and detergency power. The research steps are (1) Making simplicia (2) Extracting mahogany seeds with ethanol solvent (3) Identification of saponin (4) Making liquid detergent preparations (5) Quality test, foam stability test and detergency power. The results showed that formula 2 with a ratio of mahogany seed extract : LAS is  2 : 1 is the most optimum formula because it appropiate with SNI, and has the best foam stability and detergency power. Formula 2 has pH  11.1; specific gravity 1.1; 0.1% free alkaline, foam stability of 70% and detergency without rinsing 91.53% and by rinsing 94.680%. 
Improving Boston Nail Salon Indoor Air Quality Through Local Public Health Regulation, 2007–2019
Authors: Seller Stephanie L. , Roelofs Cora , Shoemaker Paul A. , Nguyen Nancie N. , Nguyen Tuan D.
Published: October 2019

In 2011, following years of outreach and training, Boston, Massachusetts, enacted regulations to improve health and safety in nail salons. These were amended in 2013 to require mechanical ventilation, including dedicated exhaust for each manicure and pedicure station. As of June 2019, 185 of 190 salons have satisfied the regulatory requirements. Regulations can help ensure that environmental health benefits are widespread and that small businesses’ investment in occupational health does not result in a competitive disadvantage.
Community-Oriented Epidemic Preparedness and Response to the Jerusalem 2018–2019 Measles Epidemic
Authors: Stein-Zamir Chen , Abramson Nitza , Edelstein Naomi , Shoob Hanna , Zentner Gary , Zimmerman Deena R.
Published: October 2019

Measles epidemics are still a public health challenge worldwide, necessitating a rapid response. The Jerusalem District Health Office applied a community-oriented intervention during the 2018–2019 epidemic (2150 notified cases). Program development targeted the socioeconomic and cultural characteristics of high-incidence Jewish ultraorthodox communities. Health care and community collaboration led to coverage rates of measles vaccination increasing from 80% to 95% within three months and a significant decline in incidence. Epidemic preparedness calls for maintaining the infrastructure of countermeasures combined with sustaining immunization coverage.
Not All Garden-I and II Femoral Neck Fractures in the Elderly Should Be Fixed
Authors: Okike Kanu , Udogwu Ugochukwu N. , Isaac Marckenley , Sprague Sheila , Swiontkowski Marc F. , Bhandari Mohit , Slobogean Gerard P. ,   on behalf of the FAITH Investigators
Published: October 2019

Background:

Internal fixation is currently the standard of care for Garden-I and II femoral neck fractures in elderly patients. However, there may be a degree of posterior tilt (measured on preoperative lateral radiograph) above which failure is likely, and primary arthroplasty would be preferred. The purpose of this analysis was to determine the association between posterior tilt and the risk of subsequent arthroplasty following internal fixation of Garden-I and II femoral neck fractures in elderly patients.

Methods:

This study is a preplanned secondary analysis of data collected in the FAITH (Fixation using Alternative Implants for the Treatment of Hip fractures) trial, an international, multicenter, randomized controlled trial comparing the sliding hip screw with cannulated screws in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in patients ≥50 years old. For each patient who sustained a Garden-I or II femoral neck fracture and had an adequate preoperative lateral radiograph, the amount of posterior tilt was categorized as <20° or ≥20°. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to assess the association between posterior tilt and subsequent arthroplasty during the 2-year follow-up period, controlling for potential confounders.

Results:

Of the 555 patients in the study sample, 67 (12.1%) had posterior tilt ≥20° and 488 (87.9%) had posterior tilt <20°. Overall, 73 (13.2%) of 555 patients underwent subsequent arthroplasty in the 24-month follow-up period. In the multivariable analysis, patients with posterior tilt ≥20° had a significantly higher risk of subsequent arthroplasty compared with those with posterior tilt <20° (22.4% [15 of 67] compared with 11.9% [58 of 488]; hazard ratio, 2.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.24 to 4.00; p = 0.008). The other factor associated with subsequent arthroplasty was age ≥80 years (p = 0.03).

Conclusions:

In this analysis of patients with Garden-I and II femoral neck fractures, posterior tilt ≥20° was associated with a significantly increased risk of subsequent arthroplasty. Primary arthroplasty may be considered for Garden-I and II femoral neck fractures with posterior tilt ≥20°, especially among older patients.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Subluxation of the Middle Facet of the Subtalar Joint as a Marker of Peritalar Subluxation in Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity
Authors: de Cesar Netto Cesar , Godoy-Santos Alexandre Leme , Saito Guilherme H. , Lintz Francois , Siegler Sorin , O’Malley Martin J. , Deland Jonathan T. , Ellis Scott J.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Progressive peritalar subluxation (PTS) is part of adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD). We investigated the use of the middle facet as an indicator of PTS using standing, weight-bearing computed tomography (CT) images. We hypothesized that weight-bearing CT would be an accurate method of measuring increased subluxation (“uncoverage”) and incongruence of the middle-facet among patients with AAFD.

Methods:

We included 30 patients with stage-II AAFD (20 female and 10 male; mean age, 57.4 years [range, 24 to 78 years]) and 30 matched controls (20 female and 10 male; mean age, 51.8 years [range, 19 to 81 years]) who underwent standing, weight-bearing CT. Two independent and blinded fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeons measured the amount of subluxation (percentage of uncoverage) and the incongruence angle of the middle facet at the midpoint of its longitudinal length, using coronal-plane, weight-bearing, cone-beam CT images. Intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Comparisons were performed using independent t tests or Wilcoxon tests. P values of <0.05 were considered significant.

Results:

Substantial to almost perfect intraobserver and interobserver reliability was observed for both measurements. We found that the middle facet demonstrated significantly increased PTS in patients with AAFD, with a mean value for joint uncoverage of 45.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 38.5% to 52.1%) compared with 4.8% (95% CI, 3.2% to 6.4%) in controls (p < 0.0001). A significant difference was also found for the incongruence angle, with a mean value of 17.3° (95% CI, 14.7° to 19.9°) in the AAFD group and 0.3° (95% CI, 0.1° to 0.5°) in controls (p < 0.0001). A joint incongruence angle of >8.4° was found to be diagnostic for symptomatic stage-II AAFD.

Conclusions:

We investigated the use of the middle facet of the subtalar joint as a marker for PTS in patients with AAFD. We confirmed that standing, weight-bearing CT images allowed accurate measurements and that significant differences were found in the percentage of joint uncoverage and the incongruence angle compared with controls.

Clinical Relevance:

The assessment of the amount of subluxation and incongruence of the middle facet of the subtalar joint represents an accurate diagnostic tool for symptomatic adult acquired flatfoot deformity.
Restricción de agua en cabras en el trópico húmedo durante la estación seca y cálida: ingestión de alimento y ganancia de peso.
Authors: Abioja M. O. , Osinowo O. A. , Adebambo O. A. , Bello N. J. , Abiona J. A.
Published: October 2019

Doce cabras no preñadas (West African Dwarf, WAD y Red Sokoto, RS) fueron empleadas para investigar el efecto de la restricción volumétrica (0%, 33% and 67%) del suministro de agua sobre la ingestión de alimento y ganancia de peso durante ocho semanas. Los animales se agruparon por edad en menores y mayores de un año. El experimento se dispuso según un diseño cruzado, modificado con tres periodos de tratamiento de una semana cada uno. Entre cada periodo se intercaló uno de lavado de dos semanas durante el que se eliminaba el efecto del experimento precedente. La ingestión media de agua (WI) fue determinada para los siete primeros dias del experimento durante los cuales a todos los animales se suministraba agua ad libitum. Los tratamientos fueron: (i) suministro de agua ad libitum, (ii) reducción del 33% sobre la ingestión media y (iii) 67% de reducción. El agua bebida mostró correlación positiva (p
Detección múltiple de SNPS relacionados con crecimiento y calidad de carne en porcino.
Authors: Padilla J. A. , Portilla F. J. , Salazar J. , Parejo J. C. , Martínez-Trancón M. , Rabasco A. , Sansinforiano M. E. , Corral J. M. , Izquierdo M. , Hernández-García F. I.
Published: October 2019

Se describe un método basado en análisis por primer extension para genotipar simultáneamente 7 SNPs relacionados con el crecimiento y la calidad de la carne en porcino. Las muestras de ADN genómico fueron obtenidas de 193 animales pertenecientes a varias razas (54 Ibérico, 63 Duroc, 47 Large White-Landrace x Large White) y a jabalí (29). A partir de las secuencias de los genes H-FABP, MC4R y LEPR, se diseñaron 4 parejas de cebadores con el fin de amplificar las regiones del genoma porcino que contienen esos 7 SNPs. La reacción de minisecuenciación primer extension (ABI PRISM SNaPshot MultiplexTM kit. Applied Biosystem) se realizó con cebadores diseñados en las regiones flanqueantes de cada uno de los SNPs de interés. Los genotipos fueron identificados por mini-secuenciación con ABIPrism 3130 y GeneMapper 3.7 (Applied Biosystems) pudiéndose así discriminar, en una sola reacción, los diferentes alelos de los 7 SNPs de cada animal. Gracias a esta técnica han sido detectados los polimorfismos T221C y C233T del gen LEPR (Genbank AF092422), que no eran reconocibles por enzimas de restricción. Este método permite identificar los animales con genotipo más deseables para la selección.
Avaliação da trajetória média de crescimento de caprinos em modelos de regressão aleatória.
Authors: Sousa J. E. R. , Silva M. A. , Sarmento J. L. R. , Sousa W. H. , Sousa M. S. M.
Published: October 2019

Avaliou-se a utilização de funções polinomiais com ordem de ajuste variando de dois a sete na descrição da curva média de crescimento (Regressão Fixa) e sua influência sobre os parâmetros genéticos de 946 caprinos da raça Anglo-Nubiana, criados entre 1980 e 2005. Para modelar a regressão fixa, os modelos polinomiais da idade foram comparados quanto à adequação do ajuste da curva média de crescimento empregando-se os seguintes critérios: quadrado médio do resíduo, desvio médio absoluto, percentagem quadrada de viés e coeficiente de determinação. Os critérios de informação de Akaike, Bayesiano de Schwarz e logaritmo da função de máxima verossimilhança foram utilizados para verificar a influência das diferentes ordens de ajustes da regressão fixa sobre a estimativa dos parâmetros genéticos. A melhoria mais expressiva no ajuste ocorreu até a ordem quatro, sugerindo que esta foi suficiente para modelar a curva média de crescimento da população em estudo. Pouca influência sobre a estimativa dos parâmetros genéticos foi observada com adoção de funções superiores à cúbica. A herdabilidade direta apresentou comportamento crescente até 84 dias de idade, enquanto que a materna manteve-se praticamente constante durante todo período analisado. Com base nos resultados do conjunto de critérios utilizados, os polinômios ortogonais da idade mostraram-se bastante eficientes e polinômios com pelo menos ordem quatro devem ser empregados para representar a curva média de crescimento em modelos de regressão aleatória.
Caracterização morfológica e química de mimosa Caesalpiniifolia submetida à adubação com p.
Authors: Caldas G. G. , Dos Santos M. V. F. , Lira Junior M. A. , Ferreira R. L. C. , Cunha M. V. , Lira M. , Bezerra Neto E. , Galdino A. C.
Published: October 2019

Foram avaliados os componentes morfológicas e composição química de plantas de Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth submetidas a adubação fosfatada e em diferentes épocas do ano. O experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental de Itambé do Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco. Foi utilizado delineamento em blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas, sendo os níveis de fósforo (0, 100 e 200 kg de P2O5/ha) como parcelas e época de avaliação (seca e chuvosa) como subparcelas. A área experimental foi um bosque de sabiá com aproximadamente 13 anos e área de 0,3 ha com espaçamento 3,0 x 3,0 m, constituído de 210 plantas. Cada parcela experimental foi representada por uma planta circundada por oito plantas competitivas, que não receberam os tratamentos. As avaliações morfológicas foram realizadas em seis períodos com intervalos de 60 dias, quando foram realizadas coletas de folhas e ramos com diâmetro de até 5 mm. Observou-se efeito da adubação fosfatada apenas para comprimento dos ramos, sendo de 202,1; 193,6 e 173,5 cm para 0, 100 e 200 kg P2O5/ha, respectivamente. Para as demais variáveis, observou-se efeito somente do período de avaliação, tendo valores médios de 195,3 cm; 24,6; 8,8 mm e 3,8 para altura, número de brotações, espessura de ramos e número de acúleos, respectivamente. Observou-se interação entre período de avaliação e adubação fosfatada apenas para a FDN dos ramos e efeito tanto do período quanto da adubação fosfatada sobre o teor de tanino nos ramos. A adubação fosfatada não influenciou a maioria dos componentes morfológicas e a composição química das plantas de sabiá.
Novilhos nelore suplementados em pastagens: consumo, desempenho e digestibilidade.
Authors: Silva R. R. , Prado I. N. , Carvalho G. G. P. , Silva F. F. , Santana Junior H. A. , Souza D. R. , Dias D. L. S. , Pereira M. M. , Marques J. A. , Paixão M. L.
Published: October 2019

Objetivou-se com este estudo verificar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de suplementação em pastagens sobre o consumo de forragem, o desempenho animal e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes em novilhos Nelore na fase de terminação em pastagens no Sudoeste da Bahia. A parte de campo foi implantada numa área de 52,0 ha, dividida em oito piquetes de aproximadamente 6,5 ha cada, subdivididas em setores com aguada central. Testaram-se quatro níveis de suple-mentação em função do peso vivo: T00, T03, T06 e T09. Na fase de suplementação, houve efeito decrescente sobre o consumo da pastagem e da fibra em detergente neutro. Houve efeito linear crescente em função dos níveis de suplementação para os consumos de proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, carboidrato não-fibroso, nutrientes digestíveis totais, energia digestível e energia bruta. No período chuvoso, nenhuma variável foi alterada. O desempenho animal apresentou efeito linear crescente na fase de suplementação e manteve-se inalterado no período chuvoso. A conversão alimentar e a eficiência alimentar foram alteradas positivamente pela inclusão dos níveis de suplementação. Houve efeito linear crescente sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca, proteína bruta e carboidratos não-fibrosos. A digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro apresentou efeito quadrático enquanto a do extrato etéreo não foi alterada. No período chuvoso, nenhuma das variáveis foi alterada.
A própolis e sua utilização em animais de produção.
Authors: Coelho S. , Silva J. H. V. , Oliveira E. R. A. , Amâncio A. L. L. , Silva N. V. , Lima R. M. B.
Published: October 2019

A própolis é um produto natural utilizado durante séculos pela humanidade e administrada sob diversas formas. Sua utilização ocorreu como apiterápico há séculos na medicina popular como agente antiinflamatório. Já foram identificados mais de 200 compostos químicos, de modo geral, a própolis contém 50-60% de resinas e bálsamos, 30-40% de ceras, 5-10% de óleos essenciais, 5% grãos de pólen, além de microelementos como alumínio, cálcio, estrôncio, ferro, cobre, manganês e pequenas quantidades de vitaminas B1, B2, B6, C e E. A própolis é conhecida principalmente, por suas propriedades antimicrobiana, antioxidante, antiinflamatória, imunomodulatória, hipotensiva, cicatrizante, anestésica, anticancerígena, anti-HIV, e anticariogênica. As investigações sobre as propriedades antibióticas da própolis têm sido conduzidas sobre tudo na área médica e veterinária, onde o produto tem demonstrado uma eficiente atividade bacteriostática e bactericida em relação a diversos gêneros de bactérias, porém poucos trabalhos, de ordem zootécnica, têm sido realizados, considerando-se as respostas dos animais, relacionadas a algumas dessas atividades biológicas.
Produção de matéria seca e composição bromatológica de genótipos de capim-elefante anão.
Authors: Araújo S. A. C. , Vasquez H. M. , Silva J. F. C. , Lima E. S. , Lista F. N. , Deminicis B. B. , Campos P. R. S. S.
Published: October 2019

Foi realizado um experimento para avaliar a taxa de acúmulo de matéria seca (TAMS) e os teores de proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e lignina em ácido sulfúrico (LAS) de genótipos de capim-elefante anão submetidos a diferentes intervalos de corte. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com três repetições em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, onde os genótipos foram alocados nas parcelas e os intervalos de corte nas subparcelas. Foram avaliados cinco genótipos de capim-elefante anão (CNPGL 00-1-3, CNPGL 94-34-3, CNPGL 92-198-7, CNPGL 92-117-3 e CNPGL 00-1-5) e a cv. Mott em seis intervalos de corte (14, 28, 42, 56, 70 e 84 dias). O genótipo CNPGL 00-1-3, considerado de porte intermediário, apresentou maior TAMS, entretanto, entre os demais genótipos de porte baixo, destacaram-se os genótipos CNPGL 92-198-7, Mott, CNPGL 94-34-3 e CNPGL 92-177-3. Quanto ao teor de PB, o genótipo CNPGL 00-1-3 e CNPGL 00-1-5 apresentaram compor-tamento linear e os demais genótipos apresentaram comportamento quadrático. O teor de FDN apresentou variação significativa em função dos intervalos de corte apenas para os genótipos CNPGL 00-1-3 e CNPGL 92-198-7. Houve interação entre genótipos e intervalos de corte para os valores de LAS somente para os genótipos CNPGL 00-1-3, CNPGL 92-198-7 e CNPGL 92-117-3. Os genótipos CNPGL 92-198-7 e CNPGL 94-34-3 foram selecionados para a fase de avaliação em sistema de pastejo.
Características reproductivas y calidad del huevo del cruzamiento entre dos líneas de caracoles.
Authors: Okon B. , Ibom L. A. , Odido E. E.
Published: October 2019

Se emplearon caracoles Archachatina marginata saturalis de dos líneas: piel negra y piel blanca. A partir de 45 caracoles de cada tipo distribuidos en tres grupos según su peso vivo: I: 40-44 g; II: 45-49 g y III: 50-54 g, fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente 10 caracoles de carne negra de cada grupo y fueron cruzados individualmente durante 12 semanas con otros 10 caracoles de carne blanca de cada grupo. El cruce entre ambos tipos de caracoles es posible y sus parámetros reproductivos son similares a los de líneas puras. El peso vivo no afectó a ninguno de los parámetros reproductivos evaluados.
Influência da estação sobre as proteínas do plasma seminal na raça tabapuã (Bos taurus indicus)
Authors: Chacur M. G. M. , Castillo A. M. N. , Godoy G. B. , Gandolfo V. S. , Machado Neto N. B. , Kronka S. N. , Guaberto M. L.
Published: October 2019

O objetivo do estudo foi de avaliar a influência das estações do ano sobre as proteínas do plasma seminal na raça Tabapuã criados extensi-vamente. O estudo foi realizado de junho a agosto (inverno) e de 2006 e de dezembro a fevereiro (verão) de 2007 em uma fazenda pertencente ao município de Presidente Prudente-SP, Brasil. Onze touros foram submetidos a seis coletas de sêmen por eletroejaculação em cada estação com intervalos de 14 dias. Amostras do sêmen foram centrifugadas a 1500 g/15 min e acondicionadas em criotubos, estocadas a -20ºC até o processa-mento. As proteínas foram extraídas (Laemilli, 1970) e quantificadas (Bradford, 1976) e as eletroforeses realizadas; e os géis fixados e corados na mesma solução com 2% de Coomassie Blue R250. Em cinco touros a ausência de proteínas de alto peso molecular (APM 55 KDa, 66 KDa e 80 KDa) foi verificada no verão; e uma que se supõe ser de baixa fertilidade (BF 44 KDa) presente em dois touros no inverno. Sete touros mostraram presença de proteínas de APM (55 KDa) no inverno. Em três touros a proteína APM (55 KDa) e em um animal as proteínas APM (66 KDa e 80 KDa) estiveram presentes com uma condição satisfa-tória de sêmen. Oito touros mostraram presença de proteínas APM (125 KDa) no inverno e verão. Conclui-se que o inverno apresentou melhoria nos aspectos qualitativos do sêmen. Houve efeito sazonal entre a presença de proteínas específicas e a melhoria da qualidade do sêmen.
Como Obter Insucesso e Desmotivar Pessoas
Authors: Pitt Henrique
Published: October 2019

Memorial apresentado no Mestrado em Educaçao Profissional e Tecnológica
Acidic Steam Modeling and Simulation for Heavy Oil and Extra Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Zolalemin Ali , Stephen Karl D.
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Over the past three decades, the decline in reserves of conventional crude oil has led to the development of several methods in order to enhance oil recovery for heavy oil deposits. Globally, heavy oil accounts for approximately 50% of hydrocarbon volume in place (Ehlig-Economides et al., 2000). There exist sixteen major oil sands deposits all over the world. As a matter of fact, the two largest are the Athabasca oil sands in Northern Alberta and the Orionco - River deposit in Venezuela. By comparison, the Athabasca oil sands alone cover an area of more than 42000 km2, in which oil storage is more than all the known reserves in Saudi Arabia. It is found that only one sixth of over 1.7 trillion barrels of heavy oil are recoverable with current technologies. These technologies include mining, thermal recovery, cold production and etc. Mining only makes economic and engineering sense when the depth of overburden is less than about 75 meters. Hence, only about 10 - 20% of the oil sands can be mined. As a result, recovery of the remaining 80 - 90% of the oil sands depends on the so-called thermal-recovery process, which basically depends on using energy to produce energy. In order to begin to separate the heavy oil from the sand/carbonates, deposits have to be heated to lower the viscosity of the heavy oil. One of these thermal recovery methods is the Solvent Assisted Process (SAP) that appears tremendously successful, especially for bitumen. SAP process involves injection of solvent and steam in several wells. Even though the injector well and producer can be very close, the mechanism of SAP causes a growing steam saturated zone, known as the steam chamber, to expand gradually and eventually allow drainage from a very large volume.

Both field and numerical simulation studies have demonstrated the success of SAP drainage. The prediction of SAP performance by numerical simulation is an integral component in the design and management of a SAP project. In this regard, the solvent is chosen to be Acid in this study. In order to inject steam with solvent (acid), two separate chambers of acid and steam are heated up to a certain degree on the surface. Steam only is injected into the well. The well is shut in for 2 hrs and then put on production in which acid is mixed with steam and injected together after cleanup period.

Conventional reservoir modeling approach computes multiphase flow in porous media but generally does not take the geomechanical effects into account. Unfortunately, this assumption is not valid for oil sands, because of their high sensitivity on pore pressure and temperature variations but can be applied in carbonate formations.
Mortality of site-specific cancer in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ni Liwei , Wu Jian , Long Yuming , Tao Jialong , Xu Jianhao , Yuan Xuya , Yu Na , Wu Runhong , Zhang Yusong
Published: October 2019

Background: Numerous studies have reported contradicting results on the relationship between cancer mortality and schizophrenia. Our aim is to quantify the mortality rate of common site-specific cancers among patients with schizophrenia and to synthesize the available research evidence. Method: We performed a systemic search of the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases. Studies reporting the mortality rate of different cancer in patients with schizophrenia were included. A random-effects model was applied to calculate the pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Results: Seven studies consisting of a total of 1,162,971 participants with schizophrenia were included in this meta-analysis. Data regarding mortality risk of breast, colon, lung and prostate cancer among schizophrenia patients were subjected to quantitative analysis. Pooled results showed significant increases in mortality risk of breast cancer (RR = 1.97, 95%CI 1.38–2.83), lung cancer (RR = 1.93, 95%CI 1.46–2.54) and colon cancer (RR = 1.69, 95%CI 1.60–1.80) in patients with schizophrenia compared with those in the general population or control group. The mortality risk of prostate cancer increased in male patients, although no significant difference was detected (RR = 1.58, 95% CI 0.79–3.15). Increased risks of mortality from lung and colon cancer were observed in female patients (RR = 2.49, 95%CI 2.40–2.59 and RR = 2.42, 95%CI 1.39–4.22, respectively) and elevated risks of mortality from lung and colon cancer in male patients (RR = 2.40, 95%CI 2.30–2.50 and RR = 1.90, 95%CI 1.71–2.11, respectively) were detected. Conclusions: Individuals with schizophrenia have a significantly high risk of mortality from breast, colon, and lung cancer.
Changes in body composition with a hypocaloric diet combined with sedentary, moderate and high-intense physical activity: a randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Hernández-Reyes Alberto , Cámara-Martos Fernando , Molina-Luque Rafael , Romero-Saldaña Manuel , Molina-Recio Guillermo , Moreno-Rojas Rafael
Published: October 2019

Background
There is evidence showing the effectiveness of a hypocaloric diet and the increase in physical activity on weight loss. However, the combined role of these factors, not only on weight loss but also body composition, remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a hypocaloric diet on the body composition of obese adult women throughout different degrees of physical activity during a weight loss program.
Methods
One hundred and seventeen healthy female volunteers were randomly assigned to one of the experimental groups: a control group with a low-level prescription of physical activity (1-4 METs), moderate physical activity group that performed 10.000 steps walking (5-8 METs) and intense physical activity group that trained exercises by at least 70% of VO2max three times a week (>8 METs). All subjects followed a hypocaloric diet designed with a reduction of 500 kcal/day. Nutritional counseling was provided throughout the study period to help ensure dietary adherence.
Results
We found no differences in body weight compared to moderate and intense physical activity (ßstand. = -0.138 vs. ßstand. = -0.139). Body fat was lower in women following an intense activity (ßstand. = -0.436) than those with moderate exercise (ßstand. = -0.231). The high-intense activity also increased muscle mass at the end of the intervention, standing out above the moderate activity (ßstand. = 0.182 vs. ßstand. = 0.008).
Conclusions
These findings indicate that a hypocaloric diet, without prescription of physical activity, is adequate to lose weight in the short term (12 weeks), but physical activity is vital to modify the body composition in women with obesity. Body fat was lower when women practiced a moderate exercise compared to hypocaloric diet only, but an intense physical activity was the most effective protocol to obtain a reduction of body fat and maintain muscle mass.
Trial registration
The study protocol complied with the Declaration of Helsinki for medical studies, it was approved by the bioethical committee of Córdoba University, in the Department of Health at the Regional Government of Andalusia (Act nº284, ref.4156) and retrospectively registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03833791). Registered 2 January 2019
Application of Standardised Effect Sizes to Hospital Discharge Outcomes for People with Diabetes
Authors: Robbins Tim David , Keung Sarah N. Lim Choi , Sankar Sailesh , Randeva Harpal , Arvanitis Theodoros N.
Published: October 2019

Background: Patients with diabetes are at an increased risk of readmission and mortality when discharged from hospital. Existing research identifies statistically significant risk factors that are thought to underpin these outcomes. Increasingly, these risk factors are being used to create risk prediction models, and target risk modifying interventions. These risk factors are typically reported in the literature accompanied by unstandardized effect sizes, which makes comparisons difficult. We demonstrate an assessment of variation between standardised effect sizes for such risk factors across care outcomes and patient cohorts. Such an approach will support development of more rigorous risks stratification tools and better targeting of intervention measures. Methods: Data was extracted from the electronic health record of a major tertiary referral centre, over a 3-year period, for all patients discharged from hospital with a concurrent diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Risk factors selected for extraction were pre-specified according to a systematic review of the research literature. Standardised effect sizes were calculated for all statistically significant risk factors, and compared across patient cohorts and both readmission & mortality outcome measures. Results: Data was extracted for 46,357 distinct admissions patients, creating a large dataset of 10,281,406 risk factors. The calculation of standardized effect size measures allowed direct comparison. Effect sizes were noted to be larger for mortality compared to readmission, as well as for being larger for surgical and type 1 diabetes cohorts of patients. Conclusions: The calculation of standardised effect sizes is an important step in evaluating risk factors for healthcare events. This will improve our understanding of risk and support the development of more effective risk stratification tools to support patients to make better informed decisions at discharge from hospital.
Relationship between Night shift work, Eating Habits and the Risk of Obesity among Nurses in Lebanon
Authors: Samhat Zeinab , Attieh Randa , Sacre Yonna
Published: October 2019

Background The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the relationships between night shift work, eating habits and the risk of obesity among Lebanese nurses.Methods A total of 307 nurses were randomly selected from five hospitals localized in Beirut. Data about demographic and professional characteristics, anthropometric measures, dietary habits and intakes were collected through a validated questionnaire. To study the relation between night shift works, eating habits and the risk of obesity, chi-square test, t-test and logistic regressions were used.Results The majority of nurses (78, 2%) had irregular meals timing with a significant decrease in the number of complete meals consumed during the day and an increase in the number of snacks consumed during night (p<0, 05). The most consumed snacks during night were sweets and potato chips. The findings highlighted that Body Mass Index and waist circumference significantly increased with the number of years of work (r=0,175; p<0, 05) and the cumulative number of night shifts hours over the entire work history (r=0,135/p< 0, 05).Conclusion Night shift work contributes to abnormal eating patterns and increases the risk of obesity among Lebanese nurses. However the risk of obesity is not related to eating habits.
Comparison of hemodynamic parameters among continuous, intermittent and hybrid renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Russo Diana Silva , Eugênio Claudia Severgnini , Balestrin Illan George , Rodrigues Clarissa Garcia , Rosa Regis Goulart , Teixeira Cassiano , Kelly Yvelynne P , Vieira Silvia Regina Rios
Published: October 2019

Backround: The use of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with high hemodynamic instability leading to a probable increase in hospital mortality. The aim of this study was to compare hemodynamic parameters among continuous, intermittent and hybrid renal replacement therapy in critical ill patients. Methods: We conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines which was registered at the PROSPERO Database (CRD42018086504). Randomized clinical trials involving patients with AKI in the ICU treated with continuous, intermittent or hybrid RRT were included. We investigated the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, evaluation of methodological quality and data extraction. Results: Out of 3442 citations retrieved, 12 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included, representing 1419 patients. Most of the studies (n=8) did not report or find differences in hemodynamic parameters across different RTT modalities. However, continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) was associated with a reduction in heart rate (after 1 and 4 hours) in comparison with intermittent haemodialysis (IHD) patients. CVVH was also associated with an increase in systolic blood pressure (after 0.5 and 2h) when compared with patients treated with IHD. In addition, dobutamine doses were higher in patients submitted to continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) compared to patients submitted to IHD. Lower baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP), greater MAP variation on dialysis, higher number of pressors at baseline, and increase in pressor dose during dialysis were associated with shorter survival time; and greater MAP variation on dialysis was negatively correlated with renal recovery. Conclusions: Changes in hemodynamic pattern appear be similar in different dialytic methods used in critical ill patients; however continuous venovenous hemofiltration seems be safer than other renal replacement modalities.
Prognosis of stent implantation on variant angina with severe organic stenosis
Authors: SANG Haiqiang , JIANG Yaohui , WANG Zhe , ZHENG Rujie
Published: October 2019

Objective: To explore the prognosis of stent implantation on variant angina (VA) with severe organic stenosis. Background: Vasospasm is the pathogenesis of VA. Most VA patients are effective on calcium channel blockers (CCB) or nitrates, and the prognosis is generally good, but organic stenosis is a risk factor for VA. Method: We collected 141 VA patients treated with CCB and (or) nitrates in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from December 2010 to June 2019. VA patients with diameter stenosis ≥50% were enrolled .They were divided into two groups according to the presence of stent implantation. The main adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were observed including cardiogenic death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, readmission due to angina attack, coronary revascularization and heart failure. Results: 69 cases were included: 33 cases received stent implantation and 36 cases received medical treatment. The proportion of left anterior descending (LAD)(48% vs 44%,p=0.737 )which was the culprit coronary artery was very high. Diameter stenosis (84.3%±6.5 %VS 59.9%±010.1%，P<0.001)in stenting group was higher than that in stent-free group. Following up for 24 ± 23 months, there was no significant difference in the incidence of MACE (9% VS 11%) including cardiac death (3% VS 2.8%), coronary revascularization (0% VS 3%) and readmission due to angina (6% VS 5.6%), and effectiveness (88% VS 89%) between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Although the two groups showed similar clinical outcomes, with anti-spastic and antiplatelet medication, stent implantation was of benefit to the prognosis of VA with severe organic stenosis.
Necessity of prophylactic No.10 lymph node clearance for middle and upper third gastric cancer: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Zheng Gaozan , Liu Jinqiang , Guo Yinghao , Wang Fei , Liu Shushang , Xu Guanghui , Guo Man , Lian Xiao , Zhang Hongwei , Feng Fan
Published: October 2019

Background It remains controversial whether prophylactic No.10 lymph node clearance is necessary for gastric cancer. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the impact of prophylactic No.10 lymph node clearance on the perioperative complications and prognosis of upper and middle third gastric cancer.Methods A network meta-analysis to identify both direct and indirect evidence with respect to the comparison of gastrectomy alone (G-A), gastrectomy combination with splenectomy (G+S) and gastrectomy combination with spleen-preserving splenic hilar dissection (G+SPSHD) was conducted. We searched Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) for studies published before September 2018. Perioperative complications and overall survival were analyzed. Hazard ratios (HR) were extracted from the publications on the basis of reported values or were extracted from survival curves by established methods.Results Ten retrospective studies involving 2565 patients were included. In the direct comparison analyses, G-A showed comparable 5-year overall survival rate (HR: 1.1, 95%CI: 0.97-1.3) but lower total complication rate (OR: 0.37, 95%CI: 0.17-0.77) compared with G+S. Similarly, the 5-year overall survival rate between G+SPSHD and G+S was comparable (HR: 1.1, 95%CI: 0.92-1.4), while the total complication rate of G+SPSHD was lower than that of G+S (OR: 0.50, 95%CI: 0.28-0.88). In the indirect comparison analyses, both the 5-year overall survival rate (HR: 1.0, 95%CI: 0.78-1.3) and total complication rate (OR: 0.75, 95%CI: 0.29-1.9) were comparable between G-A and G+SPSHD.Conclusion Prophylactic No.10 lymph node clearance was not recommended for treatment of upper and middle third gastric cancer.
Ultrastructure changes and expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in lens anterior capsule of patient with cataracts associated with uveitis
Authors: Zhang Chu , Ying Chong-Hui , Sun siqin , Wen yuechun , Zhu Zicheng
Published: October 2019

● AIM : T o investigate the expression of nod-like receptor pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) in lens anterior capsule of Uveitis associated with cataract and observe the ultrastructural changes of them .
● Methods: 17(22 eyes) cases of uveitis associated with cataract were selected a s experimental group and 1 0 (18 eyes) cases of age-related cataract were selected a s contro l group. The expressions of NLRP3, apoptosis-related speckle protein （ASC） and caspase-1 protein were tested by immunohistochemical and the ultrastructural changes of anterior capsul e was observed under electron microscope.
● Results: The expression of NLRP3 、 caspase-1 and ASC in the anterior capsu le of cataracts associated with uveitis was significantly higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (p ＜ 0.05). The apoptotic changes of lens epithelial cells in uveitis associated with cataract were obvious, and the apoptotic changes of lens epithelial cells were mild in age-related cataract patients. ● Conclusion: Strongly postive expressed NLRP3 inflamma some and obvious apoptotic changes are founded in the lens epithelial cells of patients with uveitis associat ed with cataract, suggesting that NLRP3 inflamma some and the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells may play a role in the progress of uveitis associat ed with cataract.
Impacts of Oyster Aquaculture on Subaqueous Soils and Infauna
Authors: Duball Chelsea E. , Amador Jose A. , Salisbury Lauren E. , Stolt Mark H.
Published: October 2019

Oyster aquaculture maintains water quality via filter‐feeding processes; however, few studies have investigated the impacts of resulting biodeposits on the underlying soils. In this study, we investigated the impacts of oyster aquaculture by comparing biodeposition rates, physical and chemical properties of subaqueous soils, and infaunal communities among aquaculture and control sites in three coastal lagoons in Rhode Island. Aquaculture study sites ranged in age of use from 0 (control) to 21 yr. We applied biodeposits at an equivalent amount generated by as high as 2000 oysters m−2 wk−1 to control soils and did not observe significant enrichment, suggesting that soils and infauna can process considerable amounts of biodeposit‐derived N (5.4 g m−2 d−1) and C (44.3 g m−2 d−1) quickly. Although soils under aquaculture sites received significant biodeposits (67.8–346.47 g dry wt. m−2 d−1), soil N and C levels were only significantly higher at the 12‐yr site and at deeper depths (5–20 cm) in 50% of sites, suggesting considerable soil processing and/or mixing. Signs of detrimental impacts on the soil environment in aquaculture sites included elevated soil pore‐water sulfide levels, independent of time in aquaculture, and a shift in infaunal community structure, favoring higher populations of deposit feeders and opportunistic species indicative of environmental disturbance. Although our results suggest that biodeposit‐derived N and C additions are offset by infaunal processing, the changes in infaunal community structure and elevated pore‐water sulfides indicate that coastal managers should consider the possibility of a decrease in soil quality as a function of aquaculture‐related site disturbance.

Core Ideas

Oyster filter feeding expels N‐ and C‐rich biodeposits onto soils beneath aquaculture racks.

Soils and infauna are capable of processing considerable amounts of oyster‐derived N and C inputs.

Oyster aquaculture primarily affects infaunal communities and soil and pore‐water sulfide levels.
Shade Effects on Overseeded Bermudagrass Athletic Fields: I. Turfgrass Coverage and Growth Rate
Authors: Richardson Michael D. , Mattina Girolamo , Sarno Mauro , McCalla John H. , Karcher Douglas E.
Published: October 2019

Shade from athletic stadium structures can be a significant deterrent to turfgrass performance. The objective of this study was to determine the daily light requirements of an overseeded or non‐overseeded bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) turf maintained to simulate an athletic field. An experiment was established in 2013 on a mature bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Riviera] turf that was either overseeded with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) or non‐overseeded. Plots were re‐seeded with ryegrass each fall, but ryegrass was allowed to transition without chemical removal. Shade structures were installed to create four light level treatments including a full‐sun control (0% shade) and 30%, 60%, or 90% light‐reducing shade cloth. Quantum light sensors were mounted under each shade treatment and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was continuously measured and a daily light integral (DLI) calculated (mol PPFD m–2 d–1). The 2‐yr, average DLI values for shade treatments were 40.8 (0% shade), 26.2 (30% shade), 14.8 (60% shade) and 3.3 (90% shade) mol PPFD m–2 d–1. A range of growth and performance data were collected, including turfgrass coverage, clipping yields and leaf elongation rates. Overseeded and non‐overseeded bermudagrass failed to persist when 90% shade (DLI = 3.0 mol m–2 d–1) was imposed. Non‐overseeded bermudagrass required a higher DLI (26 mol m–2 d–1) to persist compared to overseeded bermudagrass (DLI = 21.8 mol m–2 d–1), primarily due to the enhanced shade tolerance of perennial ryegrass. However, the long‐term effects of shade began to decrease the quality of the overseeded turf by the end of the second year of the study. These data provide sports field managers with threshold light requirements for both overseeded and non‐overseeded bermudagrass turf.
Temperature Dependence of Soil Hydraulic Properties: Transient Measurements and Modeling
Authors: Joshi Deep C. , Iden Sascha C. , Peters Andre , Das Bhabani S. , Durner Wolfgang
Published: October 2019

The modeling of the water flow in soils under non‐isothermal conditions requires consideration of the temperature influence on the soil hydraulic properties (SHPs). The surface‐tension‐viscous‐flow (STVF) theory considers the influence of temperature on viscosity, density and surface tension and provides a conceptual framework for the temperature dependence of the water retention and hydraulic conductivity curves. Previous research has shown discrepancies between observed temperature effects on SHPs and the STVF theory. Furthermore, experimental investigations, which investigate the temperature effects on both the retention and conductivity curves in a combined manner, are still rare. To overcome this limitation, we measured the SHPs of three different soils at three different temperatures (5, 20, and 35°C) with the evaporation method, which yields highly resolved retention data in the suction range between saturation and 100 kPa, and conductivity data in the range of ∼6 to 100 kPa. The classic STVF‐based model and two alternative models were tested. Results showed that the temperature dependence of SHP was larger than predicted by the STVF theory and depends on the soil. The effect was strongest for the silt loam, followed by the sand and smallest for the sandy loam. Fits of the Grant and Stoffregen models to the experimental data were excellent, but required soil‐specific parameters. This indicates that the surface properties of the soil matrix might contribute to the effects of temperature on SHPs.
Ammonia‐Oxidizing Bacteria and Archaea: Response to Simulated Climate Warming and Nitrogen Supplementation
Authors: Zhang Guogang , Huang Jing , Jia Meiqing , Liu Fanhui , Yang Yinghua , Wang Zhongwu , Han Guodong
Published: October 2019

Ammonia oxidation, the first and rate‐limiting step of the nitrification process, is driven by ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Numerous studies on the response of aboveground plant and soil microbial communities to climate change have been conducted, but the effects of climate warming and nitrogen (N) supplementation on the abundance, community composition, and diversity of AOA and AOB in arid and semiarid steppe ecosystem remain elusive. In this study, we examined these effects on soil samples from the Inner Mongolia desert steppe after 11 consecutive years of simulated climate warming and N supplementation (ammonium nitrate), using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and high throughput sequencing technique. We observed that the amoA abundance of AOA outnumbered that of AOB in this desert steppe, with N supplementation having a significant effect on amoA abundance. The effect of climate warming on the amoA abundance of AOA or AOB depended on soil depth. Eleven years of simulated climate warming and N supplementation had varying effects on the amoA abundance of AOA and AOB. Nitrogen supplementation shifted ammonia‐oxidizing bacterial community structure, increased potential nitrification rates, and affected ammonia‐oxidizing microbial α diversity at topsoil. The dominating factors shaping AOB community structure among the treatments were NH4+–N, NO3−–N, and pH, whereas pH was the significant factor in shaping AOA community structure. Our results indicate that N supplementation might be the driving factor aiding oxidation of ammonia at topsoil of arid and semiarid steppe ecosystem.