bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strengthening IT Governance and Controls Using COBIT
Authors: Mulgund Pavankumar , Pahwa Palak , Chaudhari Gaurav
Published: July 2019

With the emergence of COBIT in 1996, organizations were introduced to a framework that aimed to combine the best practices and provide essential guidelines for the successful business development along with the growth of competitiveness of the organization. Today, COBIT 5 has been adopted by numerous organizations as the primary business framework for the governance and management of enterprise IT. This article explores the evolution of the framework since its genesis to the present. The authors perform a systematic literature review taking into account a total of 93 publications that relate to various aspects of COBIT. The research papers have been categorized on the basis of their scope and on their nature (empirical, conceptual or descriptive). The data collected from these publications are analyzed to identify various trends- commonalities, differences, themes, and the nature of the study. This article also provides an overview in terms of the need of COBIT, the strengths and weaknesses of each version of the framework and how each version addresses the shortcomings of its predecessors. The research article also comprehensively discusses the state of art version of the framework COBIT 5. Further, they present a detailed analysis of how this framework is currently leveraged by organizations to identify and mitigate IT and organizational risk through better governance. In conclusion, this article also discusses the issues faced by the enterprises in its implementation today and scope of future research.
Optimization of Fractal Dimension of Turned AISI 1040 Steel Surface Considering Different Cutting Conditions
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Arkadeb , Barman Manik , Sahoo Prasanta
Published: July 2019

The present work examines the effect of turning process parameters, namely depth of cut and feed rate on the fractal dimension of AISI 1040 steel. Machined surfaces have been characterized using fractal dimensions. Apart from the aforesaid conventional turning parameters, cutting condition has been also considered as a design variable. Three cutting conditions have been considered, e.g. dry, water lubricated, and commercially available water-soluble emulsion lubricated condition. The depth of cut and feed rate has been also been varied at three levels. Experiments were performed following Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array. The optimal setting of process parameters has been achieved through the use of Taguchi's quality loss function represented by a signal-to-noise ratio. The optimal condition predicted from Taguchi's analysis is a 0.4 mm depth of cut, a 0.07 mm/rev feed rate and a water-based emulsion cutting environment. The results obtained for fractal dimensions has been also compared with the more conventional roughness parameter centre line average roughness which is dependent on instrument resolution.
A Step Towards Smart Learning
Authors: Pal Saurabh , Pramanik Pijush Kanti Dutta , Choudhury Prasenjit
Published: July 2019

The popularity of smart learning has soared due to its flexibility, ubiquity, context-awareness, and adaptiveness. In particular, video-based m-learning has the biggest impact on the learning process. Its live and realistic features make learning interactive, easy, and fast. This article establishes the importance of video-based learning and m-learning in smart learning while discussing the basics of a smart learning environment and requirements. A framework and model for smart learning is presented. A streaming video adaptation model is also proposed for mobile devices. Based on the model, an interactive video-based smart learning system has been designed, which allows for the streaming video of live as well as prerecorded lecture sessions offering an interactive teaching-learning experience. The application supports both mobile devices and desktop computers. The model is practically implemented with a group of students and their feedback shows a high rate of acceptance of the system while a sizable percentage of them acknowledged that it improved their teaching-learning process significantly.
Geo-Spatial Crime Analysis Using Newsfeed Data in Indian Context
Authors: Boppuru Prathap Rudra , Ramesha K.
Published: July 2019

Social media is the platforms where users communicate, interact, share ideas, career interest, pictures, video, etc. Social media gives an opportunity to analyze the human behavior. Crime analysis using data from social media such as Newsfeeds, Facebook, Twitter, etc., is becoming one of the emerging areas of research for law enforcement organizations across the world. The intelligence gathered through data is used for identifying future attacks and plan for reinforcements. This article focuses on the implementation of textual data analytics by collecting the data from different newsfeeds and provides an optimized visualization. This article establishes a framework for better prediction of 16 types of crime in India and the Bangalore area by providing the coordinates of the crime area, along with the crime which might happen there.
The Influence of the Entrepreneur's Open Innovation Strategy on Firm Performance
Authors: Chege Samwel Macharia , Wang Daoping
Published: July 2019

This article helps identify the main factors influencing the performance of small and medium agribusiness enterprises in Kenya. The study proposes five research hypotheses, each tested on a sample of 150 agribusiness enterprises using multiple regression analysis. The results show that the use of external partners, such as scientific research establishments and commercial consultants, influences the firm's performance. This influence is moderated by factors like internal capabilities and the firm's degree of openness to innovation.
Porosity Alteration of Carbonates by CO2-Enriched Brine Injection
Authors: Rocha Emilia Fernandes de Medeiros , Vidal Osvair , Koroishi Erika Tomie , Vargas Janeth Alina Vidal , de Oliveira Luis Fernando Lamas
Published: July 2019

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is considered one of the main gases that cause global warming. In this perspective, its injection in aquifers and oil and gas reservoirs has been a possible alternative to reduce its emission in the atmosphere. An alternative strategy in which CO2 is used efficiently in the Oil Industry is the Carbonated Water Injection (CWI), where the carbon dioxide is injected through the reservoir dissolved in the brine, eliminating problems of gravitational segregation and low sweeping efficiency present in other gas injection methods. Once injected, the fluid may react with the carbonate rock and inducing their dissolution, causing changes in the petrophysical properties of the rock. This work investigated changes in the average porosity of carbonate samples from Brazilian reservoir through a dynamic flow test with enriched brine with 100% CO2 injection under high pressure and high temperature conditions and simulating a region around the face of the injector well, with an injection pressure of 8,500 psi, a temperature of 70 °C and a flow rate of 2cm3/min. The core-flooding experimental setup includes two coreholders arranged in series with samples confined in its interior, which are swept by X-ray Computed Tomography (CT), taking measurements of average porosity data. The results showed that there was dissolution in the sample assembled in the first coreholder since the porosity had increased, while in the second, no significant alterations of the porosity were observed (around 8.5% of its initial value). This observation can still be confirmed by the analysis of the dissolved moles, which exhibit behavior similar to the porosity, indicating that some minerals actually suffered dissolution from the injection of carbonated brine.
CDK4/6 inhibitors in advanced breast cancer, what is beyond?
Authors: Mohammed Amrallah A. , Rashied Hanaa , Elsayed Fifi Mostafa
Published: July 2019

Resistant to hormonal treatment considered the main clinical challenge in the management of advanced breast cancer (ABC). The use of CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6I) may change the treatment landscape. In this mandated review, we will focus on the applicable role of CDK4/6I in the management of HR+/HER2- ABC, mechanisms of resistance, and promising future implementation.
Doing theology with children through multimodal narrativity
Authors: Adawu Anthony
Published: July 2019

Doing theology with children, in a systematic and focused way, is a new practice. This article contributes to this theological practice by examining its emergence, nature and mission and proposing multimodal narrativity as a practical theological methodology for doing such theology. The article argues, from a practical theological standpoint, that doing theology with children should be understood as a synodal event – a journeying together with children about their faith; as a way of seeing the mysteries of God through the eyes of the child and of encouraging a robust understanding of God and God’s plan for humanity and the entire creation; and as a way of seeing the faces of children and hearing their voices, thereby accounting for their suffering and hope. Children themselves are sources and disruptors of hope. The use of multimodal narrativity creates space for these narratives and disruptions of hope and encourages children to theologise their experiences in the midst of their different communities.
A generic instrument to measure customer satisfaction with the controllable elements of the in-store shopping experience
Authors: Terblanche N. S. , Boshoff C.
Published: July 2019

In this study an attempt is made to develop a generic instrument that could be used to measure customer satisfaction with the controllable elements of the in-store shopping experience. By closely following the most contemporary guidelines for scale development, and involving 11 063 respondents in four different surveys, the authors emerge with a 22-item instrument to measure satisfaction with the in-store shopping experience. The evidence of the psychometric properties of the proposed ISE instrument offered here is compelling in terms of its uni-dimensionality, with-in-method convergent validity, cross-validation of dimensions in a cross-validation sample, reliability of the instrument, its discriminant validity and its nomological validity.
The status quo of enterprise architecture implementation in South African financial services companies
Authors: Matthee M. C. , Tobin P. K.J. , Van Der Merwe P.
Published: July 2019

This article presents the findings of research that was conducted amongst Enterprise Architecture (EA) practitioners in the South African financial services sector. Due to the duration and cost implications of EA projects, factors that contribute to the success and failure of EA initiatives need to be investigated and identified. The research was largely based on a similar international study that was conducted by Schekkerman (2004b). A number of aspects of EA were investigated, including the place of EA in organisational and strategic governance, the EA architects, practices and processes, as well as the measurement of EA initiatives. Key findings from the study were that South African companies surveyed demonstrated lower levels of maturity in their approaches to the management of EA practices and processes; also identified were significant differences in the approach in South African respondents compared to international studies with respect to ownership of EA initiatives and the types of EA frameworks and modelling techniques in use.
The effect of the rand exchange rate on the JSE Top-40 stocks: An analysis for the practitioner
Authors: Barr G. D.I. , Kantor B. S. , Holdsworth C. G.
Published: July 2019

This paper investigates the relationship between the returns of the ALSI Top 40 companies and changes in the Rand-Dollar exchange rate. Each of the Top 40 companies was grouped, a priori, according to their global positioning vis-à-vis income and costs into four main categories; namely, Rand-hedge, Rand-leverage, Rand-play and Mixed. The expected reaction of each of the shares within these categories to movements in the exchange rate was in almost all cases confirmed by GARCH adjusted regression analysis over two separate periods, February 1999 to January 2002 and February 2002 to August 2005. Ranked t-statistics were then used to gauge the consistency of the risk-adjusted magnitude of share price changes with respect to changes in the exchange rate. This ranking allows investors to construct customised portfolios according to their expectation of future exchange rate movements and to more fully understand the exchange rate risk that their current portfolio may have.
An investigation into responsible tourism practices in the South African hotel industry
Authors: Van Der Merwe M. , Wöcke A.
Published: July 2019

This paper sheds light on the reasons for the limited uptake of responsible tourism initiative memberships by hotels in South Africa, despite South Africa being regarded as a leader in the field of responsible tourism policy, with the drafting of responsible tourism guidelines by the South African Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT). The International Centre for Responsible Tourism’s conference (hosted in South Africa) preceding the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002 resulted in the Cape Town Declaration, which was based on the guidelines developed by DEAT. There are currently two responsible tourism membership initiatives in South Africa. Non-experimental survey research was conducted among hotels about their understanding and implementation of responsible tourism practices. Sixty hotels responded to the survey, and it would appear that these hotels implement Corporate Social Responsibility/responsible tourism, though to varying extents. Many responding hotels do not participate in responsible tourism initiatives because of - amongst others - confusion about what the concept means, and a lack of awareness of such initiatives. This paper raises questions about the effectiveness of membership initiatives in promoting the implementation of responsible tourism practices and questions the importance of a common understanding and awareness of what responsible tourism entails in ensuring that policy is implemented.
The influence of the owner-manager of small tourism businesses on the success of internet marketing
Authors: Elliott R. , Boshoff C.
Published: July 2019

Small businesses have been identified as a catalyst for creating jobs and generally growing the economy. One industry that is characterised by the proliferation of small businesses is the tourism industry. Key to this industry reaching its full potential is, however, access to markets. The Internet is seen by many as having the potential to help small tourism businesses understand their markets better, extend their market reach and to serve their customers more effectively, irrespective of their geographical location. However, identifying the factors that influence the success of the use of the Internet for marketing purposes is proving elusive.The focus of this study is to identify those owner-manager factors that are present in a small tourism business which will influence the success with which the Internet can be used to market the business. These are distinct from the factors implicit in the technology per se. If these owner-manager factors can be identified and their relative influence on Internet marketing success is determined, it will allow small tourist businesses to access markets more readily.The results of this study indicate that the level of involvement of owner-managers, the owner-manager having an entrepreneurial orientation, the knowledge of owner-managers, the involvement in decision making of owner-managers and a marketing orientation are important to the successful use of the Internet for the marketing of small tourism businesses in South Africa.
The development of a conceptual framework to guide sustainable organisational performance
Authors: Fontannaz S. , Oosthuizen H.
Published: July 2019

The emergence of the networked economy implies that traditional management approaches no longer suffice in addressing the challenge of complexity. This is compounded by the existence of divergent approaches to determining organisational performance in both management practice and academia, resulting in an execution gap occurring between strategy formulation and results.This article contributes to an understanding of organisational performance by integrating the divergent approaches to determining organisational performance into the Performance ‘ESP’ framework. This provides a conceptual framework to guide organisational development. The research to validate the framework includes a grounded theory approach, comprising a meta-analytical study of existing research, in-depth qualitative interviews and the pilot testing of the Performance ESP Index, which provides a composite measure of the multi-faceted stakeholder view of organisational performance.The research concludes that organisational performance resides in an organisation’s ability to integrate the divergent approaches, to create an execution culture with the necessary dynamic capabilities for sustainable organisational performance in addressing the challenge of complexity. There needs to be diversity in executive abilities at board level to ensure the integration of strategy and people to create the execution culture. Furthermore, leadership should focus on the strategic fusion of strategy and people, whilst management should focus on developing the strategic paradigm throughout the organisation to ensure an execution culture.The Performance ESP framework provides a diagnostic tool to assess the existence of an execution culture to address the challenge of complexity. The purpose of the assessment tool is to complement the financial metrics of profitability, to ensure a balance between short term profitability and growth for sustainable organisational performance.Further research is required to confirm the reliability of the Performance ESP index as the initial pilot study, whilst indicative of the potential of the instrument, did not provide conclusive evidence of reliability.
Guidelines for identifying risk vulnerabilities associated with ICT sourcing
Authors: Cachia A. , Kruger C. J.
Published: July 2019

As organizations broaden their organizational boundaries with sourcing practices, it is imperative to identify risk vulnerabilities from a wider perspective than before. Specifically, organizations that make substantial use of ICT suppliers need to understand the risk vulnerabilities associated with ICT sourcing partnerships. Unfortunately, due to vulnerabilities being addressed from different levels of erudition, an inclusive list of risk vulnerabilities, associated with ICT suppliers, does not exist within the ICT industry. This article not only address ICT risk management discrepancies and the importance of ICT supplier management, but in drawing on the collective knowledge contained in diverse sources, two distinct lists containing risk vulnerabilities, from the customer organization’s perspective, are generated, all, in order to accelerate the understanding of exposure when dealing with ICT suppliers.
Is responsible investing ethical?
Authors: Viviers S. , Bosch J. K. , Smit E. V.D.M. , Buijs A.
Published: July 2019

A growing number of investors, globally and in South Africa, are embracing the concept of Responsible Investing (RI). In essence RI refers to a combination of investment strategies that integrate ethical as well as environmental, social and corporate governance considerations into investment analysis and decision making processes. Given the growing influence that investors are exerting on corporate decision making, the purpose of this paper was to position RI within an appropriate ethical framework. It is shown that RI constitutes a form of moral investing as responsible investors express a concern for universal principles which exceed the prescriptions of the law. The practice of RI was further contextualised in relation to seven approaches to ethical reasoning, namely ethical egoism, utilitarianism, deontological ethics, the ethics of care, virtue theory, the conventional approach to ethics as well as emotivism. From the evidence presented, it seems as if responsible investors in South Africa give preference to the principles underlying deontological ethics as well as the ethics of care (particularly with regard to the protection of human rights and equality as well as the promotion of distributive and compensatory justice).
Supply chain coordination with flow networks
Authors: Fayazbakhsh K. , Sepehri M. , Razzazi M.
Published: July 2019

A mechanism for supply chain coordination models the entire supply chain with multiple members in four stages to satisfy customer demand with minimum total costs. Previous coordination mechanisms research applied restrictive assumptions on the number in the supply chain stages and members in each stage, disallowing a case of multi-product. Flow networks concept is proposes as a coordination mechanism for supply chains with multiple members, multiple stages and multi-products, where each product is composed of several basic components. A supply chain optimizer (SCO), actually an e-hub, gathers supply chain state information. After necessary computations, it informs members of the supply chain of optimal decisions for their orders. Results from sample cases using the mechanism show above 20% reduction in total costs of the supply chain.
The marketing of tourism services using the internet: A resource-based view
Authors: Elliott R. , Boshoff C.
Published: July 2019

Taking a resource-based view of the business, this study attempts to identify the non-technology resources driving the successful use of the Internet for marketing tourism services. If these complementary resources can be identified, they can be used to leverage the use of the Internet for marketing, which in turn will contribute to a sustainable competitive advantage for small tourism businesses.Hypotheses are developed and then tested by making use of a large-scale empirical study. The results indicate that a network of effective alliances, the existence of a product champion in the business, and appreciation by the owner-manager of the broader business implications surrounding the implementation of the Internet for marketing, are important to the successful use of the Internet for the marketing of tourism services.The study makes a contribution to the literature by identifying and measuring the drivers of Internet marketing success, as well as by establishing how resource-based theory provides a valuable approach to consideration of how these factors can be managed.
Understanding the outsourcing decision in South Africa with regard to ICT
Authors: Johnston K. A. , Abader T. , Brey S. , Stander A.
Published: July 2019

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) outsourcing is a strategic initiative adopted by many organisations across all industries. Outsourcing is seen as a means for organisations to concentrate and improve their core business functions. Despite the vastly dynamic environment businesses operate in, few global studies have uncovered the factors influencing outsourcing decisions, thus the need for this paper. The research was performed using a number of statistical tests and descriptive analysis methods to explore the literature and to determine the current status of South Africa’s ICT outsourcing market. Key findings reveal that cost is the most influential factor when deciding whether to outsource or not, irrespective of organisations size or type. Other important factors include concentrating on core-functions, and the availability of in-house expertise. The form of outsourcing used is not affected by the size of the organisation. Application Service Providers (ASP) is the most common form, followed by co-sourcing.
Is management of risk sharing by banks a cause for bank runs?
Authors: Abraham H.
Published: July 2019

A bank, acting as a central planner under aggregate full certainty, optimizes liquidity allocation by sharing risk between discrete number of depositors. This paper demonstrates the following. (a) It is sufficient to rule out a bank run if all depositors inform the bank their types, patient or impatient, in advance, in a noncommittal manner. There cannot be a bank run because depositors’ strategic behaviour induces the bank to act as a central planner under aggregate full certainty. (b) The impossibility of a bank run is consistent with the price mechanism in partial equilibrium; but it may be inconsistent with the price mechanism in general disequilibrium. (c) The paper concludes that the management of risk sharing by banks is not a cause for bank runs.
The board and IT governance: The what, who and how
Authors: Posthumus S. , Von Solms R. , King M.
Published: July 2019

This paper discusses the importance of corporate governance and the need to implement it effectively in any organization. Furthermore, information technology is discussed along with its impact on enabling an organization to achieve its business goals and attain a competitive edge in industry. This makes IT a critical organizational resource with great strategic impact and necessitates that it be governed effectively through sound IT governance efforts. However, currently there seems to be a significant lack of board-level understanding with respect to the impact of IT on the business and therefore IT may not be adequately directed and controlled. To address this problem, a model is proposed in this paper to enable the board of an organization to develop an understanding of how to issue directives and implement effective control over IT so that IT supports organizational business goals and continues to provide value to an organization.
Beyond King III: Assigning accountability for IT governance in South African enterprises
Authors: Butler R. , Butler M. J.
Published: July 2019

With the increasing dependence on IT in modern enterprises and the significant risks associated with omnipresent IT systems in business, IT governance is becoming imperative to all organisations. King III is based on the “apply or explain” approach, that forces South African entities for the first time to apply the IT governance principles as contained in the report, or explain the reasons for not applying these principles. This paper provides a macrolevel view of IT governance, derived from King III, and determined that it correlates strongly with the growing body of knowledge on IT governance. The paper investigates the responsibilities for IT governance within organisations and provides clear guidelines on the responsibilities of management roles, from the board to the operational level, involved in IT governance to ensure accountability.
Chest radiographs of cardiac devices (Part 1): Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices, cardiac valve prostheses and Amplatzer occluder devices
Authors: Mathew Rishi P. , Alexander Timothy , Patel Vimal , Low Gavin
Published: July 2019

Several new innovative cardiac devices have been created over the last few decades. Chest radiographs (CXRs) are the most common imaging investigations undertaken because of their value in evaluating the cardiorespiratory system. It is important for the interpreting radiologist to not only identify these iatrogenic objects but also to assess for their accurate placement, as well as for any complications related to their placement, which may be seen either on the immediate post-procedural CXR or on a follow-up CXR.
Maxillary metastasis from carcinoma lung:
An unusual presentation
Authors: Bisht Niharika , Singh Sankalp , Sarin Arti , Mulajker Deepak , Gupta Samir , Mishra Prabha Shankar
Published: July 2019

Lung cancer is one of the most common
cancers in the world affecting both men and woman.
Common site of metastasis includes liver,
adrenals, bone, and brain. Metastasis to the
maxilla is very rare with only a few cases being
reported so far. Here, we present a case of a
32-year-old male where metastatic lesion was
discovered before primary tumor.
Hybrid and EV First and Second Responder Recommended Practice
Authors:   Hybrid - EV Committee
Published: July 2019

xEVs involved in incidents present unique hazards associated with the high voltage system (including the battery system). These hazards can be grouped into three categories: chemical, electrical, and thermal. The potential consequences can vary depending on the size, configuration, and specific battery chemistry. Other incidents may arise from secondary events such as garage fires and floods. These types of incidents are also considered in the recommended practice (RP). This RP aims to describe the potential consequences associated with hazards from xEVs and suggest common procedures to help protect emergency responders, tow and/or recovery, storage, repair, and salvage personnel after an incident has occurred with an electrified vehicle. Industry design standards and tools were studied and where appropriate, suggested for responsible organizations to implement.

Lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries used for vehicle propulsion power are the assumed battery system of this RP. This chemistry is the prevailing technology associated with high voltage vehicle electrification today and the foreseeable future. The hazards associated with Li-ion battery chemistries are addressed in this RP. Other chemistries and alternative propulsion systems including hydrogen fuel cells are not considered in this version of SAE J2990. Recommendations for hazards associated with hydrogen vehicles can be found in SAE J2990/1.
A evasão aparente entre engenharias sob a ótica da análise de redes sociais
Authors: Miranda Júnior Newton da Silva , Cabello Andrea Felippe , Hoffmann Valmir Emil
Published: July 2019

Embora muito se ressaltem as altas taxas de deserção acadêmica nos cursos de engenharia, as evasões aparentes pouco são evidenciadas, mesmo sendo parte do fenômeno. Dessa forma, o presente estudo aborda a evasão aparente entre habilitações da grande área de conhecimento das engenharias por meio da Análise de Redes Sociais - ARS. Como objetivo geral, descreveu-se essa rede por meio das métricas de densidade e grau de centralidade, analisando-se o fluxo migratório dos 259 casos de transferências internas de  alunos entre as 15 habilitações de engenharia, no período de 2012 a 2016, na Universidade de Brasília. Entre os resultados, a rede densa e os rumos dos fluxos migratórios entre os cursos sugerem uma propensão de o aluno de engenharia apenas mudar de habilitação entre as possíveis na instituição, permanecendo na área. As engenharias mecânica, elétrica e produção despontaram como as mais buscadas. Por outro lado, engenharias criadas mais recentemente na instituição tenderam a perder alunos dentro da rede. As evidências do estudo permitiram concluir que o aluno, embora incerto quanto à habilitação, possuiu a área de conhecimento como certa.
Mestrados profissionais e perspectivas acadêmicas para servidores técnico-administrativos
Authors: Teixeira Linnik Israel Lima , Almeida Antonio Jones Bezerra de , Souza Werlon Marques , Soares Maria Elias , Lima Alberto Sampaio , Marreiro Liana Siqueira do Nascimento
Published: July 2019

O estudo tem o objetivo de mostrar as contribuições do mestrado à carreira acadêmica do egresso, como instrumentos de ampliação de oportunidades e qualificação do servidor, especificamente para os servidores egressos do Mestrado Profissional em Políticas públicas da Educação Superior (POLEDUC) da Universidade Federal do Ceará. O trabalho foi desenvolvido mediante pesquisa documental, censitária, exploratória e descritiva, na qual a unidade de análise é composta pelos estudantes egressos do POLEDUC, pertencentes às turmas de 2007 a 2014. O levantamento dos dados profissionais e acadêmicos dos Lattes dos egressos foi realizado em junho de 2016, totalizando 146 egressos, excluindo-se os cancelamentos e desistências. O levantamento realizado indicou prevalência de mulheres e servidores da área administrativa das instituições de ensino superior. Verificou-se também que apenas metade dos estudantes publicou algum artigo durante curso, e apenas um terço publicou após o mestrado. Em relação aos aspectos de continuidade na carreira, poucos egressos ingressaram em programas de doutorado e, entre os técnicos, cerca de 14% exerceram alguma atividade docente após o mestrado. Os resultados indicam que a maioria dos egressos do POLEDUC não apresenta continuidade na carreira na perspectiva acadêmica.
A formação do administrador e a sua orientação profissional para o mercado de trabalho: a percepção dos acadêmicos de uma Universidade privada do interior do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Caliari Leonardo , Moreira Martiele Gonçalves , Borges Sávio Costa , Cerqueira-Adão Sebastião Ailton da Rosa
Published: July 2019

Compreendendo a expansão do ensino superior no país, a complexidade da função de administrador e a necessidade das universidades formarem administradores capacitados para o mercado de trabalho, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a percepção dos acadêmicos de uma Universidade privada do interior do Rio Grande do Sul a respeito das ações desenvolvidas pela instituição no que se refere à formação e orientação do administrador para o mercado de trabalho. Quanto à metodologia, optou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa, do qual foram realizadas entrevistas com acadêmicos egressos de uma Universidade privada do interior do Rio Grande do Sul, sendo estas entrevistas via e-mail e guiadas por um roteiro estruturado. Nos resultados foi possível visualizar a percepção dos entrevistados em relação à formação profissional proporcionada pela universidade, sendo que um ponto de relevância nesse estudo é o fato de que, embora a instituição possua preparação voltada ao mercado de trabalho, ainda resta um caminho de aproximação a ser trilhado pela mesma, como forma de proporcionar maior familiaridade dos seus formandos com a atuação profissional. Tal fato se dá visto que, com esta pesquisa foi possível observar alguns pontos de insatisfação quanto ao aprendizado adquirido ao longo do Curso de Administração, inclusive no que tange à relação teoria e prática.
High secondary formation of nitrogen-containing organics (NOCs) and its possible link to oxidized organics and ammonium
Authors: Zhang Guohua , Lian Xiufeng , Fu Yuzhen , Lin Qinhao , Li Lei , Song Wei , Wang Zhanyong , Tang Mingjin , Chen Duohong , Bi Xinhui , Wang Xinming , Sheng Guoying
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) substantially contribute to light absorbing organic aerosols, although the atmospheric processes responsible for the secondary formation of these compounds are poorly understood. In this study, seasonal atmospheric processing of NOCs were investigated by single particle mass spectrometry in urban Guangzhou from 2013–2014. The relative abundance of NOCs was found to be strongly enhanced by internal mixing with the photochemically produced secondary oxidized organics (such as formate, acetate, pyruvate, methylglyoxal, glyoxylate, oxalate, malonate and succinate). Furthermore, the co-occurrence of NOCs with ammonium was also observed. Interestingly, the relative abundance of NOCs was inversely correlated with ammonium, while their number fractions were positively correlated. Multiple linear regression analysis and positive matrix factorization analysis were performed to predict the relative abundance of NOCs generated from oxidized organics and ammonium. Both results showed close associations (R2 > 0.7, p
Improved Water Vapour retrieval from AMSU-B/MHS in polar
regions
Authors: Triana-Gómez Arantxa M. , Heygster Georg , Melsheimer Christian , Spreen Gunnar
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Exact monitoring of water vapour in the Arctic on long time scales is essential for predicting Arctic weather and understanding climate trends, as well as addressing its influence in the positive feedback loop contributing to Arctic Amplification. However, this is challenged by the sparseness of in-situ measurements and the problems that standard remote-sensing retrieval methods for water vapour have in Arctic conditions. Here, we present advances in a retrieval algorithm for vertically integrated water vapour (total water vapour, TWV) in polar regions from data of satellite-based microwave humidity sounders: (1) In addition to AMSU-B, we can now also use data from the successor instrument MHS; (2) artifacts caused by high cloud ice content in convective clouds are filtered out. Comparison to in-situ measurements using radiosondes during the N-ICE2015 campaign show overall good performance of the updated algorithm. Combining TWV data from the present algorithm with those retrieved from microwave imagers like AMSR-E and AMSR2 makes a continuous record of TWV since the year 2000 possible, with nearly complete and year-round coverage of the Arctic.
Identifying a possible stratification phenomenon in ionospheric F2 layer using the data observed by the DEMETER satellite: method and results
Authors: Wang Xiuying , Yang Dehe , Liu Dapeng , Chu Wei
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Many studies have revealed the stratification
phenomenon of the topside ionospheric F2 layer using ground-based or
satellite-based ionograms, which can show direct signs of this phenomenon.
However, it is difficult to identify this phenomenon using the
satellite-based in situ electron density data. Therefore, a statistical
method, using the shuffle resampling skill, is adopted in this paper. For
the first time, in situ electron density data, recorded by the same Langmuir
probe aboard the DEMETER (Detection of
Electro-Magnetic Emission Transmitted from Earthquake Regions) satellite at different altitudes, are analyzed, and
a possible stratification phenomenon is identified using the proposed
method. Our results show that the nighttime stratification, possibly a
permanent phenomenon, can cover most longitudes near the geomagnetic
equator, which is not found from the daytime data. The arch-like nighttime
stratification decreases slowly on the summer hemisphere and thus extends a
larger latitudinal distance from the geomagnetic equator. All results,
obtained by the proposed method, indicate that the stratification phenomenon
is more complex than what has previously been found. The proposed method
is thus an effective one, which can also be used in similar studies of
comparing fluctuated data.
Postmidnight equatorial plasma irregularities on the June solstice during low solar activity – a case study
Authors: Candido Claudia M. N. , Shi Jiankui , Batista Inez S. , Becker-Guedes Fabio , Correia Emília , Abdu Mangalathayil A. , Makela Jonathan , Balan Nanan , Chapagain Narayan , Wang Chi , Liu Zhengkuan
Published: July 2019

Abstract. We present a case study of unusual spread-F structures observed by
ionosondes at two equatorial and low-latitude Brazilian stations – São Luís
(SL: 44.2∘ W, 2.33∘ S; dip angle: −6.9∘)
and Fortaleza (FZ: 38.45∘ W, 3.9∘ S; dip angle:
−16∘). The irregularity structures observed from midnight to
postmidnight hours of moderate solar activity (F10.7 < 97 sfu,
where 1 sfu = 10−22 W m−2 s−1) have characteristics different
from typical post-sunset equatorial spread F. The spread-F traces first
appeared at or above the F-layer peak and gradually became well-formed mixed
spread F. They also appeared as plasma depletions in the 630.0 nm airglow
emissions made by a wide-angle imager located at the nearby low-latitude station
Cajazeiras (CZ: 38.56∘ W, 6.87∘ S; dip angle:
−21.4∘). The irregularities appeared first over FZ and later over
SL, giving evidence of an unusual westward propagation or a horizontal
plasma advection. The drift-mode operation available in one of the
ionosondes (a digital portable sounder, DPS-4) has enabled us to analyze the
horizontal drift velocities and directions of the irregularity movement. We
also analyzed the neutral wind velocity measured by a Fabry–Pérot
interferometer (FPI) installed at CZ and discuss its possible role in the
development of the irregularities.
Causes of increased flood frequency in central Europe in the 19th century
Authors: Brönnimann Stefan , Frigerio Luca , Schwander Mikhaël , Rohrer Marco , Stucki Peter , Franke Jörg
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Historians and historical climatologists have long pointed to an increased
flood frequency in central Europe in the mid- and late 19th century.
However, the causes have remained unclear. Here, we investigate the changes
in flood frequency in Switzerland based on long time series of discharge and
lake levels, precipitation, and weather types and based on climate model
simulations, focusing on the warm season. Annual series of peak discharge or
maximum lake level, in agreement with previous studies, display increased
frequency of floods in the mid-19th century and decreased frequency after
the Second World War. Annual series of warm-season mean precipitation and
high percentiles of 3 d precipitation totals (partly) reflect these
changes. A daily weather type classification since 1763 is used to construct
flood probability indices for the catchments of the Rhine in Basel and the
outflow of Lake Lugano, Ponte Tresa. The indices indicate an increased
frequency of flood-prone weather types in the mid-19th century and a
decreased frequency in the post-war period, consistent with a climate
reconstruction that shows increased (decreased) cyclonic flow over western
Europe in the former (latter) period. To assess the driving factors of the
detected circulation changes, we analyze weather types and precipitation in
a large ensemble of atmospheric model simulations driven with observed
sea-surface temperatures. In the simulations, we do not find an increase in
flood-prone weather types in the Rhine catchment in the 19th century but a
decrease in the post-war period that could have been related to sea-surface
temperature anomalies.
The end of the African humid period as seen by a transient comprehensive Earth system model simulation of the last 8000 years
Authors: Dallmeyer Anne , Claussen Martin , Lorenz Stephan J. , Shanahan Timothy
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Enhanced summer insolation during the early and mid-Holocene drove increased precipitation and widespread expansion of vegetation across the Sahara during the African Humid Period (AHP). While changes in atmospheric dynamics during this time have been a major focus of palaeoclimate modelling efforts, the transient nature of the shift back to the modern desert state at the end of this period is less well understood. Reconstructions reveal a spatially and temporally complex end of the AHP, with an earlier end in the north than in the south and in the east than in the west. Some records suggest a rather abrupt end, whereas others indicate a gradual decline in moisture availability. Here we investigate the end of the AHP based on a transient simulation of the last 7850 years with the comprehensive Earth System Model MPI-ESM1.2. The model largely reproduces the time-transgressive end of the AHP evident in proxy data, and indicates that it is due to the regionally varying dynamical controls on precipitation. The impact of the main rain-bringing systems, i.e. the summer monsoon and extratropical troughs, varies spatially, leading to heterogeneous seasonal rainfall cycles that impose regionally different responses to the Holocene insolation decrease. An increase in extratropical troughs that interact with the tropical mean flow and transport moisture to the Western Sahara during mid-Holocene delays the end of the AHP in that region. Along the coast, this interaction maintains humid conditions for a longer time than further inland. Drying in this area occurs when this interaction becomes too weak to sustain precipitation. In the lower latitudes of West Africa, where the rainfall is only influenced by the summer monsoon dynamics, the end of the AHP coincides with the retreat of the monsoonal rainbelt. The model results clearly demonstrate that non-monsoonal dynamics can also play an important role in forming the precipitation signal and should therefore not be neglected in analyses of North African rainfall trends.
10Be-based exploration of the timing of deglaciation in two selected areas of southern Norway
Authors: Marr Philipp , Winkler Stefan , Binnie Steven A. , Löffler Jörg
Published: July 2019

Abstract. We present new 10Be surface exposure ages from two selected
locations in southern Norway. A total of five 10Be samples allow a first
assessment of local deglaciation dynamics of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet at
Dalsnibba (1476 m a.s.l.) in southwestern Norway. The bedrock ages from the
summit of Dalsnibba range from 13.3±0.6 to 12.7±0.5 ka
and probably indicate the onset of deglaciation as a glacially transported
boulder age (16.5±0.6 ka) from the same elevation likely shows
inheritance. These ages indicate initial deglaciation commencing at the end
of the Bølling–Allerød interstadial (∼ 14.7–12.9 kyr BP)
and ice-free conditions at Dalsnibba's summit during the Younger Dryas.
Bedrock samples at lower elevations imply vertical ice surface lowering down
to 1334 m a.s.l. at 10.3±0.5 ka and a longer overall period of
downwasting than previously assumed. Two further 10Be samples add to
the existing chronology at Blåhø (1617 m a.s.l.) in south-central Norway. The 10Be erratic boulder sample on the summit of Blåhø
sample yields 20.9±0.8 ka, whereas a 10Be age of 46.4±1.7 ka for exposed summit bedrock predates the Late Weichselian Maximum.
This anomalously old bedrock age infers inherited cosmogenic nuclide
concentrations and suggests low erosive cold-based ice cover during the Last Glacial Maximum.
However, due to possible effects of cryoturbation and frost heave processes
affecting the erratic boulder age and insufficient numbers of 10Be
samples, the glaciation history on Blåhø cannot conclusively be
resolved. Comparing the different timing of deglaciation at both locations
in a rather short west–east distance demonstrates the complex dynamics of
deglaciation in relation to other areas in southern Norway.
On fluctuating momentum-exchange in idealised models of air-sea interaction
Authors: Wirth Achim
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The dynamics of three local models, for momentum transfer at the air-sea interface, is compared. The models differ by whether or not the ocean velocity is included in the shear calculation applied to the ocean and the atmosphere. All three cases are employed in climate or ocean simulations. Analytic calculations for the models with deterministic and random forcing (white and coloured) are presented. The short term behaviour is similar in all models, which only small quantitative differences, while the long-term behaviour differs qualitatively between the models. The fluctuation-dissipation-relation, which connects the fast atmospheric motion to the slow oceanic dynamics, is established for all models with random forcing. The fluctuation-dissipation-theorem, which compares the response to an external forcing to internal fluctuations is established for a white-noise forcing and a coloured forcing when the phase space is augmented by the forcing variable. Using results from numerical integrations of stochastic differential equations it is shown that the fluctuation-theorem, which compares the probability of positive to negative fluxes of the same magnitude, averaged over time-intervals of varying length, holds for the energy gained by the ocean from the atmosphere.