bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women’s Pension Provision in the Federal Republic of Germany
Authors:   University of Applied Sciences – Public Administration and Finance, Ludwigsburg, Gaugel Elke
Published: July 2021

The issue of whether there are equal rights in Germany between women and men in terms of pensions. The differences in the amount of pensions to which women and men are entitled are analyzed. It is argued that one of the main reasons for these disparities is the persisting gender pay gap between men and women in Germany. It is postulated that the recently introduced “basic pension” for long-time employees will be a step toward solving the problem.
Lawyer Activity Legal Bases Formation in the Russian Empire During the Judicial Reform of 1864
Authors:   Dubna State University, Belov K.A. , Mikhaylova N.V. ,   Dubna State University
Published: July 2021

The evolution of the formation and development of the bar as a legal institution is considered. The results of organizational and legal regulation of advocacy in the Russian Empire are studied and the analysis of the legal status of the lawyer is drawn. Peculiarities of private attorneys’ activities are revealed.
Computer-aided molecular modeling and structural analysis of the human centromere protein-HIKM complex
Authors: Durojaye Olanrewaju
Published: July 2021

Protein-peptide and protein-protein interactions play an essential role
in different functional and structural cellular organizational aspects.
While X-ray crystallography generates the most complete structural
characterization, most biological interactions exist in biomolecular
complexes that are neither compliant nor responsive to direct
experimental analysis. The development of computational docking
approaches is therefore necessary. This starts from component protein
structures to the prediction of their complexes, preferentially with
precision close to complex structures generated by X-ray
crystallography. To guarantee faithful chromosomal segregation, there
must be a proper assembling of the kinetochore (a protein complex with
multiple subunits) at the centromere during the process of cell
division. As an important member of the inner kinetochore, defects in
any of the subunits making up the CENP-HIKM complex leads to kinetochore
dysfunction and an eventual chromosomal mis-segregation and cell death.
Previous studies in an attempt to understand the assembly and mechanism
devised by the CENP-HIKM in promoting functionality of the kinetochore,
have reconstituted the protein complex from different organisms
including fungi and yeast. Here, we present a detailed computational
model of the physical interactions that exist between each component of
the human CENP-HIKM, while validating each modeled structure using
orthologs with existing crystal structures from the protein data bank.
Results from this study substantiates the existing hypothesis that the
human CENP-HIK complex share a similar architecture with its fungal and
yeast orthologs, and likewise validates the binding mode of CENP-M to
the C-terminus of the human CENP-I based on existing experimental
reports.
Computational models in the service of X-ray and cryo-EM structure determination
Authors: Kryshtafovych Andriy , Moult John , Albrecht Reinhard , Chang Geoffrey , Chao Kinlin , Fraser Alec , Greenfield Julia , Hartmann Marcus , Herzberg Oznat , Josts Inokentijs , Leiman Petr , Linden Sara , Lupas Andrei N. , Nelson Daniel , Rees Steven , Shang Xiaoran , Sokolova Maria , Tidow Henning
Published: July 2021

CASP (Critical Assessment of Structure prediction) conducts community
experiments to determine the state of the art in computing protein
structure from amino acid sequence. The process relies on the
experimental community providing information about not yet public or
about to be solved structures, for use as targets. For some targets, the
experimental structure is not solved in time for use in CASP. Calculated
structure accuracy improved dramatically in this round, implying that
models should now be much more useful for resolving many sorts of
experimental difficulty. To test this, selected models for seven
unsolved targets were provided to the experimental groups. These models
were from the AlphaFold2 group, who overall submitted the most accurate
predictions in CASP14. Four targets were solved with the aid of the
models, and, additionally, the structure of an already solved target was
improved. An a-posteriori analysis showed that in some cases models from
other groups would also be effective. This paper provides accounts of
the successful application of models to structure determination,
including molecular replacement for X-ray crystallography, backbone
tracing and sequence positioning in a Cryo-EM structure, and correction
of local features. The results suggest that in future there will be
greatly increased synergy between computational and experimental
approaches to structure determination.
Vegetation responses to past volcanic disturbances at the Araucaria araucana forest-steppe ecotone in northern Patagonia
Authors: Moreno-Gonzalez Ricardo
Published: July 2021

Aims Volcanic eruptions play an important role in vegetation dynamics
and its historical range of variability. However, large events are
infrequent and eruptions with significant imprint in today vegetation
occurred far in the past, limiting our understanding of ecological
process. Volcanoes in southern Andes have been active during the last 10
ka, and support unique ecosystems such as the Araucaria-Nothofagus
forest as part of the Valdivian Temperate Rainforest Hotspot. Araucaria
is an endangered species, strongly fragmented and well adapted to
disturbances. Yet it was suggested that volcanism might have increased
the fragmentation of its populations. To provide an insight into the
vegetation responses to past volcanic disturbances, a paleoecological
study was conducted to assess the role of volcanic disturbance on the
vegetation dynamics and if the current fragmentation has been caused by
volcanism. Location Araucaria forest-steppe ecotone in northern
Patagonia. Methods Pollen and tephra analysis from a sedimentary record.
Results During the last 9 kyr, 39 tephrafall buried the vegetation
around Lake Relem, more frequently between 4-2 ka. The vegetation was
sensitive to small tephrafall but seldom caused significant changes.
However, the large eruption of Sollipulli-Alpehue (~3
ka) might change the environmental conditions affecting severely the
forest and grassland, as suggested by the pollen record. Ephedra
dominated early successional stage, perhaps facilitating Nothofagus
regeneration recovering original condition after ~500
years. Slight increase of pollen percentage from Araucaria and
Nothofagus obliqua-type could be indicative of sparse biological
legacies distributed in the landscape. The analysis showed that
vegetation resisted without permanent changes, recovering relatively
fast after the large eruption. Conclusion The relative stability of
Araucaria pollen in the study area after several tephrafall suggests no
change in its past geographical distribution at the current
forest-steppe ecotone, thus I found no evidence that volcanic eruptions
would have affected its current conservation status.
Distance-based Reconstruction of Protein Quaternary Structures from Inter-Chain Contacts
Authors: Soltanikazemi Elham , Quadir Farhan , Roy Raj , Cheng Jianlin
Published: July 2021

Predicting the quaternary structure of protein complex is an important
problem. Inter-chain residue-residue contact prediction can provide
useful information to guide the ab initio reconstruction of quaternary
structures. However, few methods have been developed to build quaternary
structures from predicted inter-chain contacts. Here, we introduce a
gradient descent optimization algorithm (GD) to build quaternary
structures of protein dimers utilizing inter-chain contacts as distance
restraints. We evaluate GD on several datasets of homodimers and
heterodimers using true or predicted contacts. GD consistently performs
better than a simulated annealing method and a Markov Chain Monte Carlo
simulation method. Using true inter-chain contacts as input, GD can
reconstruct high-quality structural models for homodimers and
heterodimers with average TM-score ranging from 0.92 to 0.99 and average
interface root mean square distance (I-RMSD) from 0.72 Å to 1.64 Å. On a
dataset of 115 homodimers, using predicted inter-chain contacts as
input, the average TM-score of the structural models built by GD is
0.76. For 46% of the homodimers, high-quality structural models with
TM-score >= 0.9 are reconstructed from predicted contacts.
There is a strong correlation between the quality of the reconstructed
models and the precision and recall of predicted contacts. If the
precision or recall of predicted contacts is >20%, GD can
reconstruct good models for most homodimers, indicating only a moderate
precision or recall of inter-chain contact prediction is needed to build
good structural models for most homodimers. Moreover, the accuracy of
reconstructed models positively correlates with the contact density in
dimers.
Aggressive strategy to save the brain in a case of acute aortic dissection
Authors: Minatoya Kenji
Published: July 2021

The case report by Sicim et al. is the placement of extra-anatomical
bypasses in bilateral common carotid arteries. The similar previous
reports of the extra-anatomical bypass usually indicate unilateral
bypass. Whether or not the Willis’ circle is incomplete is difficult to
judge during emergency surgery, and the authors’ judgment seems to have
been correct in the sense that it could maintain cerebral perfusion
reliably and quickly. The direct perfusion and extraanatomical bypass of
carotid artery is a reasonable strategy in patients with cerebral
malperfusion.
Capabilities of electret ion chambers to measure absorbed dose outside the treated volume, during external-photon radiation therapy
Authors: Clouvas Alexandros , Makridou Anna , Chatzimarkou Michalis
Published: July 2021

The capabilities of electret ion chambers to measure non-target absorbed dose during radio- therapy treatment was investigated for the first time. During radiotherapy, non-target doses can be classified as one of three approximate dose levels: high doses, intermediate doses and low doses. Low doses (<5 % of the prescription dose) are not generally considered during treatment planning, due to the fact that is difficult to measure, characterize, or model them in the planning system. In this work were performed measurements with electret ion chambers of absorbed dose outside the treated volume (<5 % of the prescription dose), during external photon radiation therapy in an Elekta Infinity Linear Accelerator of Theagenio Cancer Hospital of Thessaloniki, Greece. The absorbed dose values for distances 8-100 cm from the borders of the irradiated volume varied from 0.3 to 17 mGy which corresponds to 0.01 % up to % of the prescription dose (2660 mGy). Near the irradiation volume the absorbed dose values were greater than the upper detection limit of the electret ion chambers (threshold 40 mGy). The results are compared with the calculated ones by the Monaco treatment planning system ? TPS (Elekta Monaco at November 5, 2003) in three positions distanced at 8 cm and about 30 cm from the border of the irradiation zone. In the position at 8 cm from the irradiation zone, where Monaco TPS calculates (within uncertainty of about 15 %) the absorbed dose, measured and calculated doses are the same within experimental uncertainties. On the contrary for the other two positions, where leakage radiation becomes the dominant source of out-of-field dose the absorbed dose values calculated by the TPS are seriously underestimated ( by a factor of 4) due to the fact that TPS does not take into account the leakage radiation. However, adding to the TPS values an estimated dose due to leakage radiation, the difference between measured and calculated doses are about 30 %.
Mathematical modeling of Cs+ transport phenomena from solidified spent ion exchange resin
Authors: Dimovic Slavko , Jelic Ivana , Stanic Vojislav , Kojic Andrea , Bozovic Predrag
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study was to assess Cs+ ions transport phenomena from solidified spent ion exchange resin by mathematical modeling. The experimental results comparison was obtained by Hespe's Standard Leaching Method. For the leaching prediction rate as a function of time, diffusion and semi-empirical models were used. Due to the presence of spent ion exchange resin, the cement matrix absorbed a larger amount of water, swelled, and degraded. This phenomenon caused a significantly lower value of mechanical resistance to pressure. Also, through the increase of bentonite and zeolite content, the cement matrix decreased its mechanical resistance. The retention of cesium ions in the cement matrix was low and they were leached during the early phase of the investigation. The diffusion coefficient, De, decreased by three orders of magnitude with the addition of zeolite and bentonite in the cement matrix. Linear regression of experimental Cs+ leaching results, under static conditions, displayed that the semi-empirical parameter K3 than the absolute values of the parameters K2 and K1. Therefore, the contribution of matrix dissolution to the total radionuclides transport was irrelevant to the prevailing share of diffusion and surface washing processes.
Calibration and measurement of X-ray personal dose equivalent with a Hp(10) ionization chamber
Authors: Xu Yang , Zhao Rui
Published: July 2021

The value of the personal dose equivalent at a 10 mm depth is to characterize the energy deposition of strong penetrating radiation in the human body and is derived by measurement of air kerma and application of conversion coefficients from the ISO report. However, the conversion coefficients depend strongly on the photon energy and angles of incidence for low-energy photons. In order to overcome the problem that the conversion coefficient of low energy rays changes greatly due to the small change of energy, a secondary standard ionization chamber was used to measure the personal dose equivalent directly. A matched reference field was established with 20-250 kV X-rays and correction factors with the Hp (10) chamber were calculated under these radiation qualities with different angles of incidence. The results showed that the differences were almost 22.7 % of correction factors for the low energy photons at angles of incidence 0?. With the conversion coefficient recommended in ISO 4037-3-2019, the performance of the chamber response with respect to Hp (10) in the energy range from 33 keV to 208 keV was within about 10 %, and in the energy range from 12 keV to 208 keV and for angles of incidence between 0? and 75? was within about ?19 %.
Evaluation of vehicle engine thermal energy system detection effect based on target detection algorithm
Authors: Han Jie , Liu Yang , Feng Hao , Yang Sha
Published: July 2021

The paper takes the front-mounted parallel structure of the transmission as
an example and uses the target detection algorithm to introduce a real-time
equivalent energy consumption control strategy for the vehicle engine
thermal energy system. Based on studying the relationship between fuel
thermal energy and electrical energy consumed when the vehicle is driving
in a cycle, we elaborated on the strategy?s critical issue, namely, the
equivalent method of the electrical energy of the battery pack and the fuel
thermal energy consumption of the engine. Finally, the thesis carries out a
simulation test on this strategy based on the vehicle simulation model and
compares it with other control strategies.
Analysis of influence of the solar window’s thermal characteristics on thermal stability of optical communication antennas
Authors: Shi Zhaoqiang , Ma Zhuang
Published: July 2021

Space laser communication optical antennas have very high requirements for
the stability and uniformity of the temperature field. The GEO
satellite-borne laser communication is affected by the violent alternating
solar heat flow, which causes the thermal disturbance of the in-orbit
temperature field of the extra-satellite optical antenna to become unstable.
Reduce optical communication time. For this reason, the paper proposes a
?sun window? as a solar spectral filter device to shield solar radiation,
combined with the thermal design of the optical antenna system, based on
thermal simulation analysis to study the effectiveness of the solar window
to suppress the thermal disturbance of the optical antenna temperature
field. The research results show that the thermal control optimization
design of the optical antenna system based on the "sun window" has a
significant effect in suppressing the thermal disturbance of the optical
antenna temperature field: the stability of the temperature field of the
primary mirror is increased by 2.2 times, the stability of the temperature
field of the secondary mirror is increased by 10.6 times. The uniformity of
the temperature field of the secondary mirror is increased by about ten
times, and the time that meets the requirements of the stability and
uniformity of the optical communication antenna temperature field can be up
to 24 hours per day, which is more than three times that of the solution
without the "sun window".
Solar thermal control system based on variable frequency heat exchanger control technology
Authors: Wu Lingmin , Bao Mingquan
Published: July 2021

Frequency conversion exchanger control is the critical technology of solar
water heaters. It can integrate solar thermal technology and heat pump
technology and makes solar thermal energy conversion efficiency higher. Based
on this research background, the paper first discusses the principle of the
technology. Then, it optimizes the system control strategy based on
maximizing the utilization of heat energy and the highest efficiency ratio.
Finally, the article established a deep learning model of solar radiation
based on different time-sharing. The experimental simulation confirmed that
the thermal energy control optimization algorithm model proposed in this
paper could effectively predict thermal energy exchange.
Thermal energy data monitoring system based on data collection of thermal metering equipment of internet of things
Authors: Peng Fen
Published: July 2021

To solve the inaccurate measurement of the traditional thermal energy
network, the paper designs a thermal energy network monitoring and control
system based on GPS and Ti3367 wireless transmission and reception based on
the IoT. First, the paper designs the monitoring and control system?s
overall function and topology, including the management layer?s complex
functions, the data aggregation layer, and the data acquisition layer. The
paper then designs the system?s hardware structure based on the IoT,
including the connection design of the hardware circuit structure diagram of
the data aggregation layer and the data acquisition layer. Finally, the
paper realizes the system?s software flow design, including system
initialization and wireless data receiving and sending flow design.
The influence of rural building energy saving design on clean energy heating in winter
Authors: Shun Rao
Published: July 2021

Taking a typical rural building as an example, the paper compares various
factors that affect the heat load of the building, studies related
literature and the living habits of rural residents, and suggests that the
calculated temperature of the heating room in rural residential buildings
in cold areas in winter is 14~17?C. Analyze and compare the initial
investment and the investment pay-back period after the thermal insulation
measures are adopted for each envelope structure. With the dual goals of
energy conservation and economy, it is recommended that rural households
with different economic conditions adopt different thermal insulation
measures to provide clean heating in rural areas in the cold north. Provide
strong technical guidance for energy conservation and emission reduction.
Thermal energy control in building energy system
Authors: Chen Yuan
Published: July 2021

There is usually a waste of energy consumption in building systems. To help
buildings reduce energy waste, the article established a building-sharing
heat and power energy sharing system to achieve optimal energy allocation.
Furthermore, the report determined the dual operation strategy model of
using heat energy to determine power supply and electricity to determine
heat energy. At the same time, we use stochastic programming and
multi-objective optimization of the heating model and propose a two-level
optimization model solution method based on the Benders decomposition
algorithm. At the end of the thesis, the process was applied to actual cases
to verify the method?s effectiveness.
Automatic control system of boiler thermal energy in thermal power plant based on artificial intelligence technology
Authors: Zeng Yu , Cheng Fuchao
Published: July 2021

Thermal processes tend to have large inertia and hysteresis, non-linearity,
and slow time-varying. Therefore, the fixed-parameter proportional integral
derivative conventional regulation system cannot meet the higher and higher
control requirements in production. Based on this research background, the
paper proposes an automatic control method for thermal boiler steam based on
artificial intelligence technology. Through the real-time monitoring of the
boiler, the state monitoring method is used to estimate the influence
factors of the boiler, and the estimated error output is artificially
supplemented to realize the accurate control of the boiler. After being put
on the market, it is found that the control method proposed in the article
can overcome the randomness and inertia of the temperature and accurately
realize the temperature control of the boiler. Moreover, compared with the
traditional proportional integral derivative control, this method is more
effective.
Error analysis system of industrial steam heat flow based on neural network computer simulation
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Chen Lei
Published: July 2021

The paper focuses on the analysis of the neural network mathematical model
for temperature and pressure compensation in steam flow measurement,
summarizes two types of compensation models suitable for DCS configuration,
and introduces the realization of steam flow measurement in ABB Industrial
TDCS configuration ways and methods of temperature and pressure
compensation. At the same time, the paper uses the scientific neural network
intelligent model control method to analyze, optimize, configure and manage
the information, improve the operation and management level of the steam
system, and realize the optimized operation of the steam system, so as to
achieve the purpose of energy saving and consumption reduction.
Key technologies for energy saving and emission reduction of heating furnaces in petrochemical plants
Authors: Wang Yu , Sai Yunxiu , Yuan Dongliang
Published: July 2021

The safety instrumented system is a system that is independent of the
petrochemical production process control system and can independently
complete the safety interlock protection function. It can avoid significant
hazards to production equipment caused by process production failures,
field instrument failures, system power supply failures, etc., and ensure
safe operation of production equipment. In petrochemical plants, it is
imperative to configure a safe, reliable, and timely safety instrumented
system. Combined with applying the burner management system of the heating
furnace in a refinery, the paper focuses on the technical realization of the
hardware structure, system configuration, logic programming, man-machine
interface configuration system debugging of the TRICON system. Practical
application shows that TRICON?s safety instrumented system is a set of
safety instrumented systems with comprehensive functions, safety and
reliability, and easy to learn.
Thermo-mechanical coupling analysis and software development
Authors: Chai Jianwei , Ai Hua , Liu Ting
Published: July 2021

In order to quickly and accurately grasp the law of freeze-thaw reaction of
permafrost slopes, based on the hydro-thermal-mechanical coupling theory,
relying on MATLto compile a finite element program that can reflect the
multi-field coupling mechanism of the soil. This test is in good agreement
with the classic test, which verifies the reliability of the program. Based
on this, the paper developed a set of water-thermal-mechanical coupling
analysis software for permafrost slopes that can run independently and is
easy to operate. The software?s functions and development process are
introduced. The response characteristics of frozen soil slopes under freezing
and thawing are analyzed in combination with the example papers. The results
show that the slope temperature, moisture, stress and displacement are
obviously different at different times. The maximum shear stress band appears
at the freezing-thawing interface of the slope. The horizontal displacement
of the slope is basically the same along the slope when the freezing is
completed. At the end of the thawing period, the upper part and the lower
part are large. The horizontal displacement and unfrozen water content of the
slope during the thawing period are larger than those during the freezing
period, but the maximum shear stress is small and the stability of permafrost
in the warm season is poor. It has important application value for
freeze-thaw calculation of frozen soil slope engineering.
Economical research on optimizing heating parameters of steam heating condensate recovery in thermal power plants
Authors: Huang Dongliu , Guo Jianluan , Ouyang Wenjun
Published: July 2021

The paper starts with calculating the share of heat of condensate in thermal
power plants in the total heat of steam, expounds the purpose, significance,
and principle requirements of condensate recovery. Introduces the
composition and classification of condensate recovery system, proposes
technical and economic indicators for condensate recovery, and derives them
a simple algorithm for the benefit of condensate recovery is presented.
Finally, two calculation examples are used to illustrate the considerable
benefits of condensate recovery.
Solar thermal control efficiency based on at series micro-controller
Authors: Hu Wei , Guo Min , Zhan Jinsong , Du Jing , Dong Shaofeng
Published: July 2021

Aiming at the problems of water temperature and water level control system of
conventional solar water heater and low solar thermal control efficiency,
this paper developed an AT series single-chip solar water heater control
system for rural areas. In this paper, the detailed design of hardware and
software is presented, and the method of evaluating the collector efficiency
is simplified by the temperature rise rate and solar irradiance of the
collector plate. The software compensation algorithm we adopted can
effectively reduce the impact of different water quality on water level
measurement and improve solar thermal control efficiency. It is found that
the control system designed in this paper has the characteristics of low
cost, high safety, and strong practicability.
System optimization of thermal management performance of fuel cell system for automobile
Authors: Bai Wenfeng , He Caofeng
Published: July 2021

Vehicle fuel cell systems release a large amount of heat while generating
electricity. The suitable thermal management system must be built to ensure
system performance and reliability. Based on the analysis of the working
principle of the vehicle fuel cell thermal management system, the paper
establishes a control-oriented fuel cell thermal management. The stack, air
cooler, hydrogen heat exchanger, bypass valve, heat sink, and cooling water
circulating pump model are taking into account. System model, and the
relationship between stack current, coolant flow rate, fin surface wind
speed, bypass valve opening, and fuel cell temperature are in established in
simulation experiments. The paper discusses their effects on system as a
whole, air coolers, hydrogen heat exchangers, and the influence of the
temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the radiator. The
simulation results can provide guidance and help to design the fuel cell
thermal management control system.
Optimization and control of fuel cell thermal management system based on neural network
Authors: Tang Kunhao , Zhang Sanhua , Wu Youlong
Published: July 2021

Aiming at the direct methanol fuel cell system is too complicated, difficult
to model, and the thermal management system needs to be optimized. The
article attempts to bypass the internal complexity of direct methanol fuel
cell, based on experimental data, use neural networks to approximate
arbitrarily complex non-linear functions ability to apply neural network
identification methods to direct methanol fuel cell, a highly non-linear
thermal management system optimization modelling. The paper uses 1000 sets
of battery voltage and current density experimental data as training samples
and uses an improved back propagation neural network to establish a battery
voltage-current density dynamic response model at different temperatures.
The simulation results show that this method is feasible, and the
established model has high accuracy. It makes it possible to design the
real-time controller of the direct methanol fuel cell and optimize the
thermal energy manage?ment system?s efficiency.
Thermal energy control in building energy heating system based on building information modelling
Authors: We Chenghui , Chen Hao
Published: July 2021

This article introduces the principle of the glass curtain wall heating and
cooling cycle constant temperature control test system in the building
energy heating system and studies the constant temperature control strategy
of its core cooling and heating circulation system. The author designed an
adaptive fuzzy control algorithm with a self-learning function realize the
thermal energy constant temperature control of the cooling and heating cycle
experimental system and conducted the first model test. The test results
show that the thermal energy constant temperature control strategy of the
circulatory system and its adaptive fuzzy control algorithm have good
control characteristics and effects. During the test, the thermal energy
constant temperature control accuracy is within 0.4?C when the system is
dynamically heated and cooled, and the temperature fluctuates when the
constant temperature is maintained. Within 0.2?C, the test system fully
meets the requirements of the American building energy heating AAMA501.5.98
glass curtain wall cycle test standard.
Superheated steam temperature system of thermal power control engineering based on neural network local multi-model prediction
Authors: Zhan Jinsong , Du Jing , Dong Shaofeng , Hu Wei
Published: July 2021

The superheated steam temperature object of thermal power plant has the
characteristics of time lag, inertia and time-varying parameters. The
control quality of the conventional proportional integral derivate
controller with fixed parameters will decrease after the object
characteristics change. The generalized predictive control strategy of
superheated steam temperature based on neural network local multi-model
switching can achieve the goal of designing sub-controllers for fixed models
under several typical operating conditions. When the system operating
conditions change, the effective switching strategy is timely and accurate.
Switch to the most suitable controller. The paper proposes a new smooth
switching method, which can effectively suppress the large disturbance
phenomenon of the object when switching. The simulation results verify the
effectiveness of the control strategy.
Thermal station modelling and optimal control based on deep learning
Authors: Cao Min
Published: July 2021

To solve the mismatch between heating quantity and demand of thermal
stations, an optimized control method based on depth deterministic strategy
gradient was proposed in this paper. In this paper, long short-time memory
deep learning algorithm is used to model the thermal power station, and
then the depth deterministic strategy gradient control algorithm is used to
solve the water supply flow sequence of the primary side of the thermal
power station in combination with the operation mechanism of the central
heating system. In this paper, a large number of historical working
condition data of a thermal station are used to carry out simulation
experiment, and the results show that the method is effective, which can
realize the on-demand heating of the thermal station a certain extent and
improve the utilization rate of heat.
Optimization of fuel cell thermal management system based on back propagation neural network
Authors: Ge Qianqian , Wei Cuncun
Published: July 2021

Two thermal management control strategies, namely flow following current and
power mode and back propagation neural network auto-disturbance rejection
method, were proposed to solve significant temperature fluctuation problems,
long regulation time, and slow response speed in fuel cell thermal
management system variable load. The results show that the flow following
current and power control strategy can effectively weaken the coupling
effect between pump and radiator fan and significantly reduce the overshoot
and adjustment time of inlet and outlet cooling water temperature and
temperature difference reactor. Although the control effect of the neural
network and strategy is insufficient under maximum power, the overall
control effect is better than that of the flow following the current control
strategy.
Data modelling and simulation control of steam heat circulation system in coal-fired power plant
Authors: Zhang Shufeng
Published: July 2021

To make up for the lack of domestic research on the dynamic model of the unit
in a gas-steam combined cycle power plant, the thesis researched and
established a real-time digital simulation model of the combined cycle power
plant unit. Firstly, the theory found a non-real-time digital simulation
model in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Then the paper converts it into C
language code and uses the C Builder tool to encapsulate it into a
simulation model that can run in real-time. Finally, the thesis conducted a
simulation test on the model on real-time digital simulation and compared it
with the field test results. The simulation results show that the combined
cycle power plant unit model we have established can meet the real-time
simulation requirements of the power system in terms of computational
efficiency and model accuracy.
Cogeneration and heat exchanger control system based on clean energy
Authors: Liu Jiangcai
Published: July 2021

Combined cooling, heating, and power systems have received widespread
attention for their high efficiency and clean characteristics. The combined
cooling, heating, and power system will join the cogeneration system as clean
energy and renewable resource of solar energy, further alleviating the energy
crisis and environmental pollution problems. To improve the stability of the
distributed power grid connection, the article designs a photovoltaic battery
system that can smooth the output power and combines it with the traditional
combined cooling, heating, and power system to build a comprehensive
cogeneration system. Under the two operating modes of thermal follow, and
electric follow, considering the impact of electric vehicle charging load,
two environmental cost and life cycle cost indicators are evaluated.
Effects of Patient-Initiated Visits on Patient Satisfaction and Clinical Outcomes in a Type 1 Diabetes Outpatient Clinic: A 2-Year Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Ryg Nina Drøjdahl , Gram Jeppe , Haghighi Maryam , Juhl Claus Bogh
Published: July 2021

Objective: We investigated the effects of replacing
regular outpatient follow-up through prescheduled visits with patient-initiated
visits on patient satisfaction and clinical variables of type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Research Design
and Methods: A 24-month
randomized controlled trial, where adults with T1D were allocated to either patient-initiated
unlimited access to outpatient visits, or usual care through regular prescheduled visits. The primary outcome was 7 patient-reported
experience measures of patient satisfaction focused on benefit of consultation
and accessibility of the outpatient
clinic. Secondary outcomes included
clinical variables of diabetes and use of staff resources.

Results: We enrolled 357 outpatients
(intervention, n=178; control, n=179). After 24 months, participants in the
intervention group experienced more benefit from consultations compared to baseline
within groups (p<0.05) and fewer unnecessary visits
compared to controls (p<0.05). Patient needs covered and satisfaction
with the outpatient clinic was high and unchanged in both groups, and accessibility
was increased (3 questions, all p<0.05). A calculated 7-item patient
satisfaction sum score favored the intervention group over controls
(p<0.001). There were
no significant changes in HbA1c, LDL, blood pressure, and complication status.
The mean number of outpatient visits over 24 months (±SD) was lower in the
intervention group compared to controls (4.4±2.8 vs. 6.3±2.7, p<0.001), while the
number of telephone contacts was higher (3.1±3.4 vs. 2.5±3.2, p<0.001).

Conclusions: Patient satisfaction remained
high or improved with patient-initiated on-demand use of the diabetes
outpatient clinic, with no decline in the quality of diabetes care, and a
reduction in the use of staff resources.
Racial, Rural, and Regional Disparities in Diabetes-Related Lower-Extremity Amputation Rates, 2009–2017
Authors: Akinlotan Marvellous A. , Primm Kristin , Bolin Jane N. , Cheres Abdelle L. Ferdinand , Lee JuSung , Callaghan Timothy , Ferdinand Alva O.
Published: July 2021

Objective

To examine the racial/ethnic, rural-urban, and regional variations in
the trends of diabetes-related lower extremity amputations (LEA) among
hospitalized U.S. adults from 2009-2017.

Research Design and
Methods

We used the National
Inpatient Sample (NIS) (2009-2017) to identify trends in LEA rates among those
primarily hospitalized with diabetes in the United States. We conducted
multivariable logistic regressions to identify individuals at risk of LEA based
on their race/ethnicity, census region location (North, Midwest, South and
West) and rurality of residence.

Results

From 2009 to 2017, the rates of minor LEAs increased
across all racial/ethnic, rural/urban, and census region categories. The increase in minor LEAs was driven by Native Americans
(Annual Percent Change (APC)=7.1%, p < 0.001) and Asian/Pacific Islanders
(APC=7.8%, p < 0.001). Residents of Non-Core (APC=5.4%, p < 0.001) and Large Central
Metropolitan areas (APC=5.5%, p < 0.001), experienced the highest increases over time in minor LEA rates. Whites, residents of
the Midwest, Non-Core and Small Metropolitan areas experienced a significant
increase in major LEAs. Regression findings showed that Native Americans and Hispanics
were more likely to have a minor or major LEA, compared to Whites. The odds of
a major LEA increased with rurality and was also higher among residents of the
South, compared to those of the Northeast. A steep decline in major to minor
amputation ratios was observed, especially among Native Americans.

Conclusions

Despite increased risk of diabetes-related
lower limb amputations in underserved groups, our findings are promising when
the major to minor amputation ratio is considered.
Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Risk of Retinal Vein Occlusion Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Propensity Score–Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Min-Kyung , Kim Bongsung , Han Kyungdo , Lee Jae-Hyuk , Kim Minhee , Kim Mee Kyoung , Baek Ki-Hyun , Song Ki-Ho , Kwon Hyuk-Sang , Roh Young-Jung
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE

To assess the association between use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2
(SGLT2) inhibitors and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) using data from the National Health
Insurance Service in South Korea.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND
METHODS

We used an active comparator, new user
design and nationwide data from 2014 to
2017. Based
on a 1:1 propensity score match, we included 47 369 new users of SGLT2 inhibitors and 47 369 users of other glucose-lowering
drugs (oGLD). In the matched sample, we used the Cox proportional hazards model to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for developing
RVO. Based on the main outcome, exploratory subgroup analyses were undertaken.

RESULTS

During
the follow-up of 2.57 years, the
incidence
rate of RVO was 2.19 and 1.79 per 1000
person-years in patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors and oGLD,
respectively.
The new use of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with an increased risk of RVO
compared with oGLD use (HR 1.264,
95% CI 1.056–1.513). In the subgroup analyses, a significant
interaction with SGLT2 inhibitors was observed for age and estimated glomerular
filtration rate (eGFR); the HR for RVO was higher in patients aged
≥ 60 years and those with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2
than in others.

CONCLUSIONS

In
a matched cohort study, we found that SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a significantly increased risk of RVO. The older patients
and those with chronic kidney disease were at higher risk for RVO.
Glucose Regulation Beyond HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Insulin: Real-World Evidence From the DIALECT-2 Cohort
Authors: Braber Niala den , Vollenbroek-Hutten Miriam M.R. , Westerik Kathryn M. , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Navis Gerjan , Beijnum Bert-Jan F. van , Laverman Gozewijn D.
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE To investigate glucose variations associated
with HbA1c in insulin treated patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients included in the
Diabetes and Lifestyle Cohort Twente (DIALECT)-2 (n=79) were categorized in
three HbA1c categories: low, intermediate and high (≤ 53; 54–62 and
≥ 63 mmol/mol or ≤ 7, 7.1–7.8, ≥ 7.9%). Blood glucose time in range (TIR), time
below range (TBR), time above range (TAR), glucose variability parameters, day
and night duration and frequency of TBR and TAR episodes were determined by
continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), using the FreeStyle Libre sensor and
compared between HbA1c categories.

RESULTS CGM was performed for a
median [interquartile range] of 10 [7-12] days/ patient. TIR was not different
for low and intermediate HbA1c categories: (76.8% [68.3–88.2]
vs 76.0% [72.5.0–80.1]), whereas in the low category TBR was higher and
TAR lower (7.7% [2.4–19.1] vs 0.7% [0.3–6.1], and 8.2% [5.7–17.6] vs 20.4%
[11.6–27.0], respectively, p <
0.05). Patients in the highest HbA1c category had lower TIR (52.7%
[40.9–67.3]) and higher TAR (44.1% [27.8–57.0]) than the other HbA1c categories
(p < 0.05), but did not have less
TBR during the night. All patients had more (0.06 ± 0.06/h vs 0.03 ± 0.03/h, p = 0.002) and longer (88.0 [45.0–195.5]
vs 53.4 [34.4–82.8] minutes, p <
0.001) TBR episodes during the night than during the day.

CONCLUSIONS In this study, a high HbA1c did
not reduce the occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycemia and low HbA1c was
not associated with the highest TIR. Optimal personalization of glycemic control
requires the use of newer tools, including CGM-derived parameters.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE EMOÇÕES, FORMAÇÃO DE MEMÓRIAS E APRENDIZAGEM: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Pedroso Pereira Paulo Marcelo , Costa Paxiúba Carla Marina , Pantoja Lima Celson
Published: July 2021

Este trabalho de revisão sistemática tem como objetivo compreender a relação entre emoções, formação de memórias e aprendizagem. Para a realização do levantamento, foi formulada string de busca com os termos mais relevantes para a pesquisa, considerando critérios de inclusão e exclusão específicos. Após análise, foram considerados vinte e um trabalhos que atenderam aos critérios propostos e que fizeram parte das discussões. As evidências encontradas se pautaram em experimentos que sugeriram a influência da valência emocional anteriormente presente no processo de aprendizagem como sendo um potencializador da formação de memórias, em comparação aos estímulos neutros; o papel do sistema límbico para a consolidação das memórias; as bases dos estímulos estressores, com aumento do cortisol, podendo interferir negativamente na formação das memórias e as emoções negativas como fator de aprimoramento na formação de memória de itens.
Não-exclusão e inclusão social à universidade: um terceiro olhar
Authors: Lima Paulo Gomes
Published: July 2021

O presente texto discute as faces e propósitos da inclusão social à universidade e um eixo mais ampliado centrado na necessidade do povo: a não-exclusão. Enquanto o primeiro termo estabelece limites para qualificar e justificar percentualmente qual o cidadão que poderá ser contemplado para ingressar na educação superior pública ou pelo poder público financiado; o segundo não admite que ninguém fique de fora. Trata-se de um estudo que compôs o meu pós-doutoramento, utilizando-se como metodologia a revisão de literatura especializada e reflexões sobre o objeto; portanto, parte-se de uma pesquisa exploratória aprofundada que pretende ampliar a discussão sobre o direito à educação sem segregacionismos em direção à possibilidade de construção de políticas públicas que ratifiquem a unidade na diversidade do povo brasileiro.
Ensino superior
Authors: Fonseca Ione Barbosa
Published: July 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a avaliação no ensino remoto na universidade, após a promulgação da Portaria Nº 343 de 17 de março de 2020 que dispôs sobre a substituição das aulas presenciais por aulas em meios digitais, obedecendo os limites estabelecidos pela legislação em vigor. De cunho qualitativo, a reflexão se baseia na fundamentação legal e teórica a respeito da avaliação no ensino superior realizada de forma remota. Inicialmente, as preocupações estavam focalizadas nas condições materiais de acesso de professores e alunos para o ambiente virtual de ensino-aprendizagem. Durante este período, que se estende desde março de 2020, também surgiram desafios que perpassam o contexto da avaliação. Propomos a reflexão sobre a avaliação neste contexto, pois a mesma tem sido ressignificada de forma a contribuir com o processo de ensino-aprendizagem como também nos lembrar da importância da interação e cooperação entre sujeitos da educação quando distantes geograficamente.
Os espaços internacionalistas de educação superior e o conceito de participação social nas políticas universitárias
Authors: Ferreira Kleyton Carlos
Published: July 2021

O projeto alfa-tuning se materializou no tratado de bolonha na união europeia. Chegando na américa Latina com o nome de Projeto Alfa Tuning Latino-Americano. Provocando alguns pontos de reflexão acerca de delineamentos das políticas universitárias no interior do Brasil. A partir disso, gerou-se estruturas curriculares com efeitos metodológicos por competências genéricas e específicas.A metodologia do artido se dá por revisão bibliográfica em aborgagem qualitativa. Necessitando evidenciar, em torno de qual é o seu enviazamento. Se regido por principíos democráticos ou mercadológicos no estabelecimento das estruturas curriculares. Dado efeito dos estudos recentes e encaminhamentos do Tuning brasileiro, a necessidade de desenvolver-se uma agenda para discussões mais aprofundadas das estruturas curriculares. Se essencialmente, regem-se com a devida participação social, em atendimento as expectativas cidadãs, adiante das aspirações do mercado.