bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Label-free proteomic comparative analysis of cow placental proteins enzymatic hydrolysis by different proteases
Authors: Shen Liuhong , zhang yue , you liu chao , zhu ying kun , shen yu , lv shang kui , yu shu min , deng jun liang , peng guang neng , zuo zhi cai , ma xiao ping , zhong zhi jun , ren zhi hua , zong xiao lan , Cao Sui Zhong
Published: July 2021

Background
Novel findings in biochemical characteristics of placenta can bring new insight for further studies on the potential markers of physiological/pathological pregnancy or function of placenta. In this study, we compared the proteome of dairy cow placenta enzymatic hydrolysis by different proteases using a label-free mass spectrometry approach.
Results
In total, 541, 136 and 86 proteins were identified in trypsin group (TRY), pepsin group (PEP) and papain group (PAP), respectively. 432 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified between the proteomes of PAP and TRY. 421 DEPs were identified between PEP and TRY, while 136 DEPs were identified between PEP and PAP. Further analysis of the up-regulated DEPs and down-regulated DEPs of each comparison showed the proteins identified by papain are mostly derived from extracellular matrix and collagen and enriched in relaxin signaling pathway, advanced glycation end products-receptor of advanced glycation end products (AGE-RAGE) signaling pathway in diabetic complications. Moreover, pepsin digestion resulted in more muscle-related proteins, which enriched in lysosome, platelet activation, cardiac muscle contraction,bacterial invasion of epithelial cell and small cell lung cancer. Trypsin mainly enzymatically degrades extracellular matrix, blood particles, and cell surface proteins which enriched in arginine and proline metabolism, olfactory transduction proteasome, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, pyruvate metabolism and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC).
Conclusions
In summary, these data provide insights into the selection of protease in dairy cow placenta proteomics.
Ethnobotanical Investigation on Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used Against Human Ailments in Ensaro District, North Shewa Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Asfaw Asaye , Lulekal Ermias , Bekele Tamrat , Debella Asfaw , Abebe Abiy , Degu Sileshi
Published: July 2021

IntroductionPeople all over the world have been using medicinal plants to treat various ailments and diseases throughout history. It is still common in developing countries. Because is easily accessible, affordable, and trusted by the communities. Although there are several ethnobotanical studies on medicinal plants in Ethiopia, the number of medicinal plant species and indigenous knowledge documented is still low compared to the high diversity of culture and habitats.MethodsEthnobotanical data were collected during the 13th of February 2019 and the 26th of October 2020 through Semi-structured interviews, field observation, a guided field walk, and focus group discussionsResultthe study documented 142 medicinal plant species distributed in 125 genera and 56 families which used to treat 52 ailments. Most of these species were collected from wild habitats. The most used plant families were Fabaceae (14) followed by lamiaceae (9) and Solanaceae (9). Most of these medicinal plants were herbs followed by shrubs.ConclusionThe study revealed a relatively high diversity of medicinal plants that indicated the existence of indigenous knowledge of using medicinal plants to treat ailments and diseases. The findings of this study supported up the idea that indigenous knowledge of using medicinal plants is still alive in highly degraded areas. To make sustainable use of these medicinal plants in the study area, local people must collaborate with natural resource administrators to manage them before they become seriously threatened. Both ex-situ and In-situ conservation strategies should be combined and employed urgently for optimal conservation results
Diffusion Coefficient Analysis of Aluminum Electrolysis Spent Cathode as Anode Material For Lithium-ion Battery
Authors: Huang Wenlong , Peng Jiaxin , Li Jie , Hou Xueyang , Zhang Xingliang , Fang Zhao
Published: July 2021

The aluminum electrolysis spent cathode (SC) was treated by hydrothermal method and used as anode material for lithium-ion battery. The purified SC material shows excellent electrochemical performance. In order to understand the diffusion behavior of Li+ in the SC electrode, the diffusion coefficient of Li+ in the SC electrode was systematically analyzed by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that the diffusion coefficient (DLi+) of Li+ in SC electrode is calculated by CV is 2.2292×10-11 cm2·s-1, which is calculated by GITT and EIS ranges are 4.2286×10-13-2.9667×10-10 cm2·s-1, 4.05×10-13-3.87×10-12 cm2·s-1, respectively. SC electrode exhibits better Li+ diffusion kinetics compared to commercial graphite (CG). In addition, the full cell of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/SC also shows excellent cycle performance. After 80 cycles at 1 C (1 C=172 mA·g-1), the specific discharge capacity of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/SC full-cell can reach 94.7 mAh·g-1, and the capacity retention can reach 98.13%. The fast lithium-ion diffusion rate and high discharge capacity provide a feasible direction for the high value utilization of aluminum electrolysis spent cathode.
Enriched Environment Priors to TET1 Hippocampal Administration for Regulating Cognitive and Psychiatric Behaviors via Glial Reactivity in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Models
Authors: Li Yaqing , Qu Chujie , Song Hao , Li Tian , Zheng Jiaxin , Wu Liyang , Yan Nao , Xu Linling , Qu Changhua , Zhang JunJian
Published: July 2021

Increased understanding of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) has gradually been conscious of consisting a common etiologic mechanism for cognitive and psychiatric disturbances, and remains a matter to acquire a potential new therapeutic avenue benefiting from it. In the present study, we found genetical treatment with overexpressing a catalytic domain of human TET1 (AAV-hTET1) or enriched environment (EE) was sufficient for stimulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). However, promoting ANH could not deal with the cognitive dysfunction and depressive-like behaviors in CCH rats. Notably, healthy local brain environment with elevated BDNF and less astroglia reaction was conducive to improve cognitive dysfunction. Meanwhile, astrocytes were involved in the regulating process of neurons, presynaptic function and microglia in the cognition. In addition, depressive disturbances were determined by glial activation containing astrocytes and microglia, BDNF levels, as well as neuronal and presynaptic function. To support this, we investigated astroglia and microglia activation was strongly correlated with severe depressive symptoms. Importantly, causal mediation analysis showed significant mediation by presence of reactive glial cells in the relation between neural plasticity and depressive symptoms. Finally, we compared the efficiency of genetical therapy and EE to treat cognitive dysfunction and depressive-related disorders in CCH rats. We showed EE performed better than hTET1 treatment for cognitive deficits and depression, and glial activation was important for the discrepancy for cognition, with glial reactivity and presynaptic function devoting to the different efficiency for depression. These results were important for our understanding of disease mechanisms and provided valuable tools for the overall management of CCH patients.
Memristive Electromagnetic Induction Effects on Hopfield Neural Network
Authors: Chen Chengjie , Min Fuhong , Zhang Yunzhen , Bao Bocheng
Published: July 2021

Due to the existence of membrane potential differences, the electromagnetic induction flows can be induced in the interconnected neurons of Hopfield neural network (HNN). To express the induction flows, this paper presents a unified memristive HNN model using hyperbolic-type memristors to link neurons. By employing theoretical analysis along with multiple numerical methods, we explore the electromagnetic induction effects on the memristive HNN with three neurons. Three cases are classified and discussed. When using one memristor to link two neurons bidirectionally, the coexisting bifurcation behaviors are disclosed with respect to the memristor coupling strength. When using two memristors to link three neurons, the antimonotonicity phenomena of periodic and chaotic bubbles are yielded, and initial-related multistable patterns are emerged. When using three memristors to link three neurons end to end, the extreme event owning riddled basin of attraction is demonstrated. In addition, we develop the printed circuit board (PCB)-based hardware experiments by synthesizing the memristive HNN and the experimental results well confirm the memristive electromagnetic induction effects.
Neonatal Mortality Rates in Brazilian Health Facilities: from 2005 to 2017
Authors: Baroni Lais , Salles Rebecca , Ogasawara Eduardo , Boccolini Patricia de Moraes Mello , Lima Jefferson Costa , Boccolini Cristiano Siqueira
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Neonatal mortality is a global public health problem. The efforts to reduce child mortality are one of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development goals. The availability of neonatal mortality rates (NMR) data in Brazilian health facilities is crucial to understanding the dynamic, identify gaps, and provide information to allocate resources and actions to reduce NMR at the health facility level. The objective is to offer an integrated dataset containing monthly data in a historical series from 2007 to 2017 with information on all births, neonatal deaths, and NMR (total, early, and late components) enriched with the municipality’s information. Data description: Dataset with historical data with information on the number of births, the neonatal deaths, the neonatal mortality rate (including early and late components), and geographic information for each health facility in Brazil, comprising the years between 2005 and 2017.
An Automatic Classification Method of Sleep Apnea Events Based on EEG Frequency Sub-band Division
Authors: Wang Yao , Wang Xiaohong , Li Weiming , Ji Siyu , Yang Tianshun , Zhuangwen Xiao , Zhao Xiaoyun , Wang Jinhai
Published: July 2021

Sleep apnea is a kind of sleep disorder with a high prevalence rate. It is manifested as the abnormal stop of breathing during sleep and is highly dangerous to human health. The purpose of this research is to find a simple, and effective feature extraction method that can able to distinguish obstructive apnea events, central apnea events, and normal breathing events. Unlike conventional methods, the method illustrated in this study used the Infinite Impulse Response Butterworth Band pass filter to divide the Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal into 5, 7, 9 or 11 frequency sub-bands and then used the Welch method to extract the power features of these frequency sub-band signals, which were subsequently used as classifier input. Random forest, K-nearest neighbors and bagging classifiers were investigated. The results showed that in several different frequency sub-band division methods of EEG signals, the features extracted from the EEG signal that was divided into 11 frequency sub-bands were more conducive to the classification of sleep apnea events. The random forest classifier achieved the highest average accuracy, macro F1 and kappa coefficient in three types of events, which were 90.43%, 90.38% and 0.88, respectively. Compared with existing methods, the method used in the present study has higher classification performance.
Superspreading in the COVID-19 Epidemic and Autointerference of Viruses
Authors: Shlyakhover Vladimir , Iabluchanskyi Mykola , Dimaschko Juri
Published: July 2021

It has been shown that autointerference of viruses limiting their replication leads to the emergence of a new stable asymptomatic state of the infected organism. This state gives viruses the ability to superspread and make a main contribution to the epidemic. We assume this to be responsible for the superspreading in the COVID-19 epidemic.
An Incarnational Analogy That Is Hard to Escape From: A Polemic with James Prothro
Authors: Zatwardnicki Sławomir
Published: July 2021

Theological literature contains many references to the analogy between the Incarnation of the Word and the expression of God’s words in human language. In “The Christological Analogy and Theological Interpretation” James Prothro points out that the incarnational theology is useful only in emphasizing the dual provenance of Scripture (divine and human authorship). Nevertheless, it does not hold true in a situation in which one derives the concept of inspiration from the analogy or tries to formulate conclusions on how to interpret the inspired books on its basis. According to the theologian, the text and the actual Incarnation are two different examples of divine self-disclosure to humans, and there is no immediate transit between Christology and the theology of Scripture. This article is a polemic with Prothro’s theses, which have been subjected to criticism. The theologian’s escape from the incarnational theology has proved unsuccessful. The limitations of the analogy do not prevent one from the possibility of using it. One should only remember about the “dissimilar similarity,” characteristic of every analogy. The final part of the article contains directions for further studies.
Patriotism as Love of the Homeland or Another Form of Nationalism? Devotedness, Allegiance, and Loyalty to the Native Country in the Thought of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński
Authors: Ficek Ryszard
Published: July 2021

The key issue of this article is exposing the specificity of patriotism as well as its axiological conditions and requirements, understood in terms of personal commitment and love for the homeland, considered a gift and responsibility. In the personalist context of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński’s pastoral thought, the presentation of patriotism aims to depict this moral virtue as an essentially Christian value, which is expressed, first of all, in active care for the good and prosperity of the homeland, understood as a bonum commune. In this context, the author of the article formulates the fundamental question whether patriotism still exhibits constructive axiological potential, allowing to shape the socio-political and cultural reality of the contemporary world. This reflection also refers to the praxis of socio-political life, which is branded by an intense polarization of opinions not only concerning the homeland but also relating to the axiological values that define patriotism.
The Impact of Different Arrangements of Molecular Chains in Terms of
Low and High Shear Rate’s Viscosities on Heat and Mass Flow of Nonnewtonian
Shear thinning Fluids
Authors: Hassan Mohsan , Ahmad Ashfaq , Faisal Abrar , Javid Khurram , Khan Salahuddin , Khan Rawaiz
Published: July 2021

Background:

Non-newtonian fluids, especially shear thinning fluids, have several
applications in the polymer industry, food industry, and even everyday life. The viscosity of shear
thinning fluids is decreased by two or three orders of magnitude due to the alignment of the
molecules in order when the shear rate is increased, and it cannot be ignored in the case of polymer
processing and lubrication problems.

Objective:

So, the effects of viscosities at the low and high shear rates on the heat and mass
boundary layer flow of shear thinning fluid over moving belts are investigated in this study. For
this purpose the generalized Carreau model of viscosity relate to shear rate is used in the
momentum equation. The Carreau model contains the five parameters: low shear rate viscosity,
high shear rate viscosity, viscosity curvature, consistency index, and flow behavior index. For the
heat flow, the expression of the thermal conductivity model similar to the viscosity equation due to
the non-Newtonian nature of the fluid is used in the energy equation.

Methods:

On the mathematical model of the problem, boundary layer approximations are applied
and then simplified by applying the similarity transformations to get the solution. The solution of
the simplified equations is obtained by numerical technique RK-shooting method. The results are
compared with existing results for limited cases and found good agreement.

Results:

The results in the form of velocity and temperature profiles under the impact of all the
viscosity’s parameters are obtained and displayed in graphical form. Moreover, the boundary layer
parameters such as the thickness of the regions, momentum thickness, and displacement thickness
are calculated to understand the structure of the boundary layer flow of fluid.

Conclusion:

The velocity and temperature of the fluid are decreased and increased respectively by
all viscosity’s parameters of the model. So, the results of the boundary layer fluid flow under
rheological parameters will not only help engineers to design superior chemical equipment but also
help improve the economy and efficiency of the overall process.
Natural Products and some Semi-synthetic Analogues as Potential TRPV1
Ligands for Attenuating Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Naik Gaurav Gopal , Uniyal Ankit , Chouhan Deepak , Tiwari Vinod , Sahu Alakh N.
Published: July 2021

:

Natural products and leads inspired by them have acted as a probe for successful drug discovery for many decades. Pain is an obnoxious sensory and emotional experience associated with potential tissue damage. It affects the quality of life of patients to a greater extent. Despite the availability of several agents targeting TRP receptors, none of them can proficiently alleviate neuropathic pain. TRPV1 is a prospective target for treating neuropathic pain as it is recognized to modulate the pain circuitry at the periphery and the central level. In this review, we have discussed several natural molecules, such as Capsaicinoids, Capsinoids, Piperine, Eugenol, Scutigeral, Ginsenosides, Cinnamaldehyde, Camphor, Shogaol, Gingerols, Zingerone, Allicin, Evodiamine, Allylisothiocyanate, Cannabidiol, Ricinoleic acid, Isovelleral, Capsazepine, Thapsigargin, Pellitorine, Yohimbine, Curcumin and some semi-synthetic analogues that activate TRPV1 channels and consequently, can be further harnessed for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Impact of ErbB Receptors and Anticancer Drugs against Breast Cancer:
A Review
Authors: Sahu Ankita , Verma Saurabh , Varma Meena , Yadav Manoj Kumar
Published: July 2021

:

Human EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) family of tyrosine kinase receptors consists of four members, ErbB1-4. Abnormalities in the ErbB family characterize a variety of human cancers, including breast cancer. Tyrosine kinase is recruited by the activated EGFR cell surface receptor, which transmitted signals from the receptor to interact with intracellular signaling pathways and regulate cellular functions and biological processes. Targeting the intracellular signaling pathways has been aided in the drug development that was already in use and more continually being developed. The review article highlights the function of ErbB receptors/ligands, their role in signaling pathways, effective targeted drugs, and a combination of targeted drug strategies in the treatment of breast cancer that could be leading to the novel combination of anticancer drug delivery systems.
Diagnostic Accuracy and Validity of Serological and Molecular Tests for
Hepatitis B and C
Authors: Zangiabadian Moein , Zamani Amir , Nasiri Mohammad Javad , Behzadi Elham , Fooladi Abbas Ali Imani
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Hepatitis B and C viruses are one of the leading causes of health problems in the world and early diagnosis and treatment of them are very important. Thereby, this study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of usable diagnostic tests for the detection of hepatitis B and C viruses in the clinical setting and to compare them with each other.

Materials and Methods:

In this review article, we have searched major online databases, including PubMed and EMBASE. 42 retrieved articles were published between January 2000 and January 2020, which are summarized in this review.

Results:

Immunoassay approaches are general techniques for the identification of pathogenic agents, among which ELISA is the gold standard for the detection of HBsAg. While serological techniques are not conclusive, molecular assays are really important because of the high sensitivity to detect chronic hepatitis B without HBeAg, in which viral loads are very low. Biosensors have more elevated selectivity and sensitivity and faster responses compared to other methods.

Conclusions:

This study suggests that all of the molecular, serological, and biotechnological assays have advantages and disadvantages for diagnosing hepatitis B and C viruses which are dependent on the condition, so we should choose one of them in regards to the time, cost, and laboratory equipment along with the clinical symptoms.
Antimycotic Drugs and their Mechanisms of Resistance to Candida Species
Authors: Dahiya Sweety , Sharma Namita , Punia Aruna , Choudhary Pooja , Gulia Prity , Parmar Virinder S. , Chhillar Anil K.
Published: July 2021

:

Fungal infections have shown an upsurge in recent decades, which is mainly because of the increasing number of immunocompromised patients and the occurrence of invasive candidiasis has been found to be 7-15 fold greater than that of invasive aspergillosis. The genus Candida comprises more than 150 distinct species, however, only a few of them are found to be pathogenic to humans. Mortality rates of Candida species are found to be around 45% and the reasons for this intensified mortality are inefficient diagnostic techniques and unfitting initial treatment strategies. There are only a few antifungal drug classes that are employed for the remedy of invasive fungal infections. which include azoles, polyenes, echinocandins, and pyrimidine analogs. During the last 2-3 decades, the usage of antifungal drugs has increased several folds due to which the reports of escalating antifungal drug resistance have also been recorded. The resistance is mostly to the triazole- based compounds. Due to the occurrence of antifungal drug resistance, the success rates of treatment have been reduced as well as major changes have been observed in the frequency of fungal infections. In this review, we have summarized the major molecular mechanisms for the development of antifungal drug resistance.
Decoding the Transcriptional Response to Ischemic Stroke in Obese and Non-obese Mice Brain
Authors: Liang Jing , Hu Ruiyao , Wang Xin , Liu Xinjing , Pei Lulu , Tian Mengke , Sun Wenxian , Zhang Luyang , Ding Lan , Wang Yuying , Xu Yuming , Song Bo
Published: July 2021

Background:

Ischemic Stroke (IS) is a serious cerebrovascular disease, which leads to irreversible
damage or death of brain cells. Effective control of stroke risk factors can effectively reduce
the incidence of IS. However, there was an “obesity paradox” about the relationship between
obesity and the prognosis of IS, in which obesity would not bring worse outcomes than non-obese
IS patients.

Objective:

Herein, we aimed to investigate the transcriptional response to IS in obese and nonobese
mice brain via RNA-Seq technology. The datasets of obese and non-obese mice with/without
IS were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database.

Methods:

Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Control and Obesity (DEGsObesity) and
between Obesity and Obese-Stroke (DEGsObese-Stroke) were identified. Gene Ontology (GO),
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment and Protein-Protein Interaction
(PPI) network analysis were performed to predict the function of DEGs. 28 and 109
DEGs were screened in DEGsObesity and DEGsObese-Stroke, respectively.

Results:

Significantly, in the top 10 key-genes of DEGsObese-Stroke (Tnf, Lgals3, Serpinb2,
Ly6c2, Chil3, Clec4e, Mmp3, Mefv, Spn, Tlr8), Tnf and Mefv were involved in the NOD-like receptor
signaling pathway, which was consistent with KEGG pathway enrichment results. And Chil3,
as a mononuclear cell marker, was significantly elevated in Obese-Stroke compared with Stroke,
suggesting mononuclear cell, rather than other peripheral immune cells, infiltrated into the brain of
Obese-stroke.

Conclusion:

Hence, we concluded that obesity could affect the brain microenvironment at the transcriptome
level and Stroke after obesity could lead to more changes in NOD-like receptor signaling
pathway and monocyte infiltration, compared with non-obese Stroke.
Genetic Screening of Patients with Thyrotoxic Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis: An Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital in the Northeast of Brazil
Authors: Gbefon Cossi Y. , Sobral Carla P. S. , Caldas Adriana , Rocha Viviane C. C. , Azulay Rossana S. S. , Nascimento Gilvan C. , Damianse Sabrina S. P. , Gaspar Silvia A. S. , Faria Manuel S. , Magalhães Marcelo
Published: July 2021

Background:

Thyrotoxic Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis (THPP) is a rare neuromuscular
disease characterized by recurrent episodes of skeletal muscle weakness associated with hypokalemia.
Alterations in protein-encoding genes that are part of ion channels seem to be related to
the development of this disease. However, the pathogenic potential of some variants in these genomic
regions is not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to screen genetic alterations in
regions coding for calcium (cav1.1), sodium (nav1.4), and potassium (Kir2.6) channels, evaluating
its impact on the phenotype of patients with THPP.

Method:

Four patients with a diagnosis of THPP followed by the Endocrinology Service of the
University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão (Brazil) were investigated for the presence
of molecular abnormalities in CACNA1S, SCN4A, and KCNJ18 genes.

Result:

The KCNJ18 analysis revealed at least one polymorphic variant in each patient. Considering
the haplotypic classification of R39Q, R40H, A56E, and I249V variants, two cases were named
Kir2.6_RRAI and the other two patients were named Kir2.6_QHEV. No patient had point mutations
in the regions evaluated for CACNA1S and SCN4A genes.

Conclusion:

The identification of the Kir2.6_RRAI and Kir2.6_QHEV haplotypes reinforces the
existence of two main haplotypes involving these four loci of the KCNJ18gene. On the other hand,
point mutations in CACNA1S, SCN4A, and KCNJ18 genes do not seem to be the main mechanism
of pathogenesis of THPP, indicating that many questions about this topic still remain unclear. So,
the diagnosis of this rare disorder should still be based on clinical and biochemical aspects presented
by the patient.
The Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoid-based Products by Pregnant Women: A Patent Review
Authors: de Albuquerque Britto Diana Babini Lapa , das Chagas Angelo Mendes Tenorio Fernanda , Tenorio Bruno , Rolim Larissa , Júnior Valdemiro Silva
Published: July 2021

Plants of the genus Cannabis have been gaining attention in medicine.
The most outstanding treatments include antispasmodic, analgesic, antiemetic,
neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory actions. The aim of the study was to describe
patents associated with cannabis and cannabinoids as a treatment for pregnant
women. A search was carried out on four patent bases: National Institute of
Industrial Property, Latipat, Espacenet and Patentscope. The used search keys
were “Cannabis”, “Cannabidiol”, “Cannabinoids”, “CBD” and “THC” associated
with “pregnant women”. Patents in any language and year were considered. A
total of 1,402 patents were found in all the used databases. After reading the title
and abstract, patents were excluded if they did not meet the eligibility criteria
and/or if they were duplicates, thus leaving 11 patents on the use of cannabis
and/or cannabinoids as treatment in pregnant women. A critical analysis was carried
out. All selected patents were from the Asian continent (China), focusing on
traditional Chinese medicine for treating various possible changes during pregnancy
and also for diseases prevention in the postpartum period. It was found
that the main causes for the need of such treatments were related to spleen deficiencies,
inability and/or moisture stagnation. Finally, the vast majority of treatments
used Cannabis fruits associated with other plants. Given the above, patents
related to cannabis and cannabinoids for the treatment of pregnant women
in the peri and postnatal periods were found to be associated with traditional Chinese
medicine.
Anti-COVID-19 Sulfonamides: A DFT, Docking and ADMET Study
Authors: Halder Umesh C. , Al Hoque Ashique , Guha Chayan , Sepay Nayim , Dey Sankar P.
Published: July 2021

Background:

The development of a specific curative drug or prophylactic and vaccine
is urgently required to cure COVID-19. Sulfonamide and its derivatives are famous for their multifaceted
antibiotic and antiviral activities against verities of a pathogen.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to find new potential molecules for COVID-19 treatment.
We tested some sulfonamide molecules (including antiviral compounds) as SARS CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Docking study
have been utilized for protein-small molecule affinity prediction. The SwissADME server was
used for pharmacokinetics and drug-like likeness prediction, and the Pred-hERG server was employed
for cardiotoxicity prediction.

Results:

In this study, sixteen sulfonamides have been investigated in silico, with a perspective to
obtaining a potential anti-covid compound. The sulfonamides have been subjected to molecular
docking with SARS CoV-2 Mpro, mainly responsible for viral infection and replication. We discover
the molecular flexibility and charge distribution profoundly affecting the binding of the compounds
to the protein. Moderately flexible (six rotatable bond) and less polar (sufficient hydrophobic)
sulfonamide are favorable for strong binding with the enzyme. Here, the bioavailability properties
like adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, pharmacokinetics, and potential toxicity of
these compounds have also been checked.

Conclusion:

Low cardio-toxicity and high bioavailability make these sulfonamides a good anti-
COVID-19 drug option. The sulfonamide 16 was found to be the best.
Desarrollo local en el Gran Guayaquil: Conceptos y casos
Authors: Márquez Sánchez Fidel , Granja Cañizares Nelson Guillermo , Larrea Paredes Mónica Patricia , Villena Izurieta Nadia Priscila , Córdova Orrala Karen Janeth , Sorhegui Ortega Rafael Antonio , Peñafiel Peñafiel Gabriel Omar , Olalla Hernández Alex Fabián , Macas Acosta Guido Omar
Published: July 2021

En el libro se pretende tener un acercamiento al Enfoque Territorial del Desarrollo Local, el cual se puede definir como el conjunto de políticas públicas multidimensionales que se destinan a potenciar y expandir las oportunidades de los territorios para promover el desarrollo local. Para ello se busca la interacción de los ciudadanos, comunidades, organizaciones de la sociedad civil, sector privado, gobiernos en sus diferentes niveles y demás entidades del sector público que incidan en las acciones encaminadas a lograr el desarrollo local.
Pregnant Women’s Attitudes Toward and Experiences With a Tablet Intervention to Promote Safety Behaviors in a Randomized Controlled Trial: Qualitative Study
Authors: Walter Bente , Indreboe Hege , Lukasse Mirjam , Henriksen Lena , Garnweidner-Holme Lisa
Published: July 2021

Background

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is recognized as a global health problem. Women with low education and limited resources are more vulnerable, as are immigrant women. There is a lack of evidence on how health care professionals should communicate about and intervene against IPV during pregnancy. Earlier research has shown that when women manage digital questionnaires, they are more likely to disclose IPV. However, little is known about how women experience eHealth interventions with safety behaviors to prevent IPV.

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore pregnant women’s attitudes toward and experiences with a tablet intervention to promote safety behaviors in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in antenatal care.

Methods

Individual semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 women who participated in the Safe Pregnancy Study. The Safe Pregnancy Study was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) using a tablet intervention containing IPV questions and a film to promote safety behaviors. Six women from the intervention group and four women from the control group were recruited. The content was available in Norwegian, Somali, and Urdu. Five of the women participating in the interviews spoke Norwegian at home and five spoke another language. The majority of the women who did not speak Norwegian at home perceived themselves as relatively well integrated. The interviews were conducted at different maternal and child health centers (MCHCs) in Norway between March 2020 and June 2020. The analysis was guided by thematic analysis.

Results

Women who participated in the tablet intervention appreciated being asked questions about IPV on a tablet. However, it was important to supplement the tablet intervention with face-to-face communication with a midwife. The MCHC was regarded as a suitable place to answer questions and watch a film about safety behaviors. Women suggested making the tablet intervention available in other settings where women meet health care professionals. Some women expressed uncertainty about their anonymity regarding their answers in the questionnaire. We found no real differences between ethnic Norwegian and immigrant women’s attitudes toward and experiences with the tablet intervention.

Conclusions

Questions about IPV and a film about safety behaviors on a tablet, as a supplement to face-to-face communication, might initiate and facilitate communication about IPV in antenatal care. Uncertainty regarding anonymity has to be addressed when questions about IPV are being asked on a tablet.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03397277; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03397277
The Digital Therapeutic Alliance: Prospects and Considerations
Authors: Lederman Reeva , D'Alfonso Simon
Published: July 2021

The growing prevalence of digital approaches to mental health care raises a range of questions and considerations. A notion that has recently emerged is that of the digital therapeutic alliance, prompting consideration of whether and how the concept of therapeutic alliance, which has proven to be a central ingredient of successful traditional psychotherapy, could translate to mental health care via digital technologies. This special issue editorial article outlines the topic of digital therapeutic alliance and introduces the five articles that comprise the special issue.
Pregnant Women’s Attitudes Toward and Experiences With a Tablet Intervention to Promote Safety Behaviors in a Randomized Controlled Trial: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Walter Bente , Indreboe Hege , Lukasse Mirjam , Henriksen Lena , Garnweidner-Holme Lisa
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is recognized as a global health problem. Women with low education and limited resources are more vulnerable, as are immigrant women. There is a lack of evidence on how health care professionals should communicate about and intervene against IPV during pregnancy. Earlier research has shown that when women manage digital questionnaires, they are more likely to disclose IPV. However, little is known about how women experience eHealth interventions with safety behaviors to prevent IPV.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to explore pregnant women’s attitudes toward and experiences with a tablet intervention to promote safety behaviors in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in antenatal care.

METHODS

Individual semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 women who participated in the Safe Pregnancy Study. The Safe Pregnancy Study was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) using a tablet intervention containing IPV questions and a film to promote safety behaviors. Six women from the intervention group and four women from the control group were recruited. The content was available in Norwegian, Somali, and Urdu. Five of the women participating in the interviews spoke Norwegian at home and five spoke another language. The majority of the women who did not speak Norwegian at home perceived themselves as relatively well integrated. The interviews were conducted at different maternal and child health centers (MCHCs) in Norway between March 2020 and June 2020. The analysis was guided by thematic analysis.

RESULTS

Women who participated in the tablet intervention appreciated being asked questions about IPV on a tablet. However, it was important to supplement the tablet intervention with face-to-face communication with a midwife. The MCHC was regarded as a suitable place to answer questions and watch a film about safety behaviors. Women suggested making the tablet intervention available in other settings where women meet health care professionals. Some women expressed uncertainty about their anonymity regarding their answers in the questionnaire. We found no real differences between ethnic Norwegian and immigrant women’s attitudes toward and experiences with the tablet intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

Questions about IPV and a film about safety behaviors on a tablet, as a supplement to face-to-face communication, might initiate and facilitate communication about IPV in antenatal care. Uncertainty regarding anonymity has to be addressed when questions about IPV are being asked on a tablet.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03397277; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03397277
The Digital Therapeutic Alliance: Prospects and Considerations (Preprint)
Authors: Lederman Reeva , D'Alfonso Simon
Published: July 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

The growing prevalence of digital approaches to mental health care raises a range of questions and considerations. A notion that has recently emerged is that of the digital therapeutic alliance, prompting consideration of whether and how the concept of therapeutic alliance, which has proven to be a central ingredient of successful traditional psychotherapy, could translate to mental health care via digital technologies. This special issue editorial article outlines the topic of digital therapeutic alliance and introduces the five articles that comprise the special issue.
The history of the research of the Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2016
Authors:   Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gvishiani Alexei ,   Shmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Kedrov Ernest ,   Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lyubovtseva Yulia ,   Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Barykina Yulia ,   Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the main directions of scientific activities of the Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GC RAS) and the National Geophysical Committee of the Russian Academy of Sciences (NGK RAS) in 2016. The most important results of scientific research of the year, topics and projects carried out within the framework of a state assignment, fundamental programs of the Presidium and ONZ RAS, Federal Target Program, projects of the RFBR and RSF, as well as a grant from the President of the Russian Federation are listed. The article reflects publishing and international activities.
Microbes as Bioindicators for Contamination of Shatt Al-Arab Sediments in Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Al-Mishrey Maha K. , Jaafar Raghad Shubbar , Al-Dossary Mustafa A.
Published: July 2021

Shatt Al-Arab River in Basrah, Iraq represents an important source of fresh water so the current study aimed to determine the extent of pollution of the Shatt al-Arab River with some heavy metals and hydrocarbons by measuring their concentrations in sediment samples collected from different stations along the river, as well as the adoption of biomarkers represented by bacteria and fungi in determining the extents of such pollution. The results indicate that the river is contaminated with the following metals:: Ni, Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd. The total mean concentrations of heavy metals in the exchangeable part were high with 55.23, 53.76, 40.52, 33.84, 32.70 and 14.88 µg/g, respectively. The results also indicated a high concentration of hydrocarbons where the total mean was 28.52 µg/g. Bacteria and fungi represent vital indicators of heavy metals and hydrocarbons pollution in the environment. Different types of bacteria (Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus thoraltensis, Staphylococcus lentus, Leuconostoc cremoris and Leuconostoc mesenteroides) and fungi (Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia sp., Eurotium cristatus, Talaromyces flavus, Mucor sp., Rhizopus sp., Trichoderma sp., Dichotomomyces cejpii, and Penicillium spp.) have been isolated from the same sediment. Isolated of specific genera from bacteria and fungi like these isolated in the present study from the sediment of all studied stations reinforces the rest of the results recorded during the current study and confirms the pollution of the river with the studied pollutants.
Development of Freeze-dried Reagents based Multiplex PCR Assay for the Detection of Common and Emerging Abortion-causing Pathogens
Authors: Deol Pallavi , Nandi Sukdeb , Chander Vishal , Prakash Chandan , Mahajan Sonalika , Kashafi Safoora , Chaple Ashwini R. , Ganie Saima M. , Singh Karam Pal , Sharma Gaurav Kumar
Published: July 2021

Bovine abortion is economically one of the most devastating problems faced by dairy farmers. Apart from non-infectious causes, several infectious pathogens are responsible for abortions, which sometimes manifests as abortion storms. Vaccine against several pathogens is available, in spite of that, abortions cause huge economic losses for the dairy sector. Timely and accurate identification of the etiological agent helps in adopting the mitigation steps to control the damage caused. In addition to the common abortion-causing pathogens such as Brucella abortus, Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), several emerging viral causes are being investigated for their possible role in abortion, either exclusively or as co-infection. Molecular methods are widely accepted for the identification of the involved pathogens. However, these assays require individual screening against each pathogen which is time-consuming and uneconomical, hence the multiplex format of PCR assays has been adopted by several laboratories. Multiplexing in real-time PCR is a sensitive and reliable technique, but it requires trained manpower and sophisticated equipment which is largely unavailable in regional disease diagnostic laboratories in India. Hence, in this study, a user-friendly, ready-to-use, gel-based RT-PCR multiplex assay was developed for simultaneous detection of three common pathogens (B. abortus, BHV-1, and BVDV) and two emerging pathogens; bluetongue virus (BTV) as a cause of abortions in bovine and Schmallenberg virus (SBV). After the standardization of the assay, a panel of 211 samples was screened. A high degree of concordance was observed which indicates the developed multiplex PCR assay is reliable and has the potential for screening at regional diagnostic laboratories.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PIROXICAM FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS
Authors: Shobana K.
Published: July 2021

Piroxicam is an analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects drugs, used to reduce pain, swelling joint stiffness from osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and by inhibiting prostaglandin synthetase. In the research work, seven formulations (F1 to F7) were prepared direct compression method by using 3 superdisintegrants namely Crospovidone, Crosscarmellose sodium and Sodium starch glycolate in two ratio (1:0.5 and 1:1) and F7 (without superdisintegrant). All the formulations evaluated various post compression parameters thickness, weight variation, disintegration time, hardness, friability, wetting time, drug content water absorption ratio and in- vitro dissolution studies. The best formulation was studied anti-inflammatory activity in rats by using the paw-edema method. Among all formulations (F1) which contains 1:0.5ratio of Croscarmellose sodium, showed to be the optimized formulation as it give good wetting time (51.66 sec), fast disintegration time (29.16 sec), maximum drug release of 99% within 30 minutes and superior anti-inflammatory activity.
NANOSUSPENSION: A METHOD FOR SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT
Authors: Jayalakshmy R
Published: July 2021

Nanotechnology is the science, engineering and technology which is been conducted at the Nano-scale, particle size ranges from 1 to 100 nm. It is a part of nanotechnology. Nano-suspensionsis characterized as submicron colloidal scattering of drug particles that are stabilized by surfactants and stabilizers. Nano-suspensions can be used to enhance the solubility of drugs which are poorly soluble in aqueous as well as lipid media thus increasing the rate of release of the active compound and the maximum plasma level is reached faster. Nano-suspensions overcomes the problem of poor solubility, bioavailability and alter the pharmacokinetics of the drug there by improving its safety and efficacy. Nanotechnology overcomes the difficulties associated with these conventional approaches for solubility and bioavailability enhancement. Nanotechnology deals with particles in the nano-scale range that is 10--9 meters. The article explains in detail about the Nano-suspensions. Nano-suspensions deals with solubility enhancement and comprised of the pure poorly water-soluble drug without any matrix material suspended in dispersion.
A CASE STUDY ON THE TRAINING OF PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLE FOLLOWING HYSTERECTOMY TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE
Authors: Bhagdewani Neha N.
Published: July 2021

Now a day’s abnormal uterine bleeding in premenopausal women is the most common indication of hysterectomy which usually results from myomas and adenomyosis. In this case study, a 38-year-old female, with a complaint of abnormally heavy bleeding with menstrual cycle irregularity and discomfort for 15 days each month with dysmenorrhoea. She was diagnosed for large fibroid deposition at the posterior wall of the uterus and extroverted in the position. So, she was prescribed for vaginal Hysterectomy by a gynecologist further investigation, she underwent a vaginal hysterectomy, post-operatively patient was complaining about lower abdominal pain and difficulty in bed mobility activities. There was weakness in pelvic floor muscles after the surgery, due to which she had worried about overweight, physical health, and her quality of life. So she approached the physiotherapist, where she had trained for pelvic floor muscle training two-three sessions per day for two weeks with abdominal, back, and hip strengthening exercises with a home exercise program. VAS scale, Oxford grading system, PFIQ, QOL questionnaire was taken as outcome measure prior and after the intervention. The present case report emphasizes the effect of the combination of different exercises for pelvic floor muscles encasing the comprehensive rehabilitation plan including a home exercise regimen allowing the patient to recover early and return to daily activities.