bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Memórias de jogadores do futebol brasileiro - Garrincha e Pelé
Authors: Cornelsen Elcio Loureiro
Published: February 2019

Este artigo visa a contribuir para o debate sobre a presença temática do futebol em obras de cunho memorialístico. Para isso, enfocará a produção biográfica e autobiográfica em torno de duas figuras de destaque do futebol brasileiro, que marcaram época no cenário desportivo nacional e mundial, e que contribuíram para a construção do mito do “país do futebol”, um mito cambiante e em permanente transformação: Garrincha e Pelé. Serão analisadas as obras Estrela solitária: um brasileiro chamado Garrincha (1995), de Ruy Castro, e Pelé, a autobiografia (2008), de Edson Arantes do Nascimento. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo, foi fundamental o trabalho com literatura subsidiária que possibilitou a fundamentação teórica adequada, sobretudo em torno dos gêneros “biografia” e “autobiografia”.
A violação dos direitos territoriais indígenas: Práticas coloniais e contemporâneas
Authors: Santos Junia Fior
Published: February 2019

As presentes considerações, pontuadas a partir de uma visão histórica, social e jurídica, são um chamado à discussão aos fatos históricos relacionados à violação e expropriação dos territórios indígenas consolidados de forma aparentemente legal. Por sua vez, procura-se analisar as nuances do processo interpretativo acerca do direito indígena à terra de origem. Neste contexto, muitos são os desafios na execução de direitos, considerando o atual cenário político, por um lado reflexo de conformações e deficiências de discernimento e, por outro, fomentador de usos contra-hegemônicos do direito, que teoricamnete prioriza a defesa da emancipação social.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN DENGAN MENERAPKAN METODE ELECTRE DALAM MENENTUKAN RANGKING KINERJA KARYAWAN (STUDI KASUS: INSTANSI XYZ)
Authors: Wibowo Dimas Wahyu , Rawansyah Rawansyah , Ardiansyah Rizky
Published: February 2019

Pada sebuah perusahan tentunya mempunyai penilaian terhadap karyawan yang berkerja. Penilaian Kinerja ini digunakan sebagai bahan pertimbangan perusahan dalam mengangkat karyawan untuk menduduki jabatan-jabatan strategis atau untuk mendapatkan tambahan tunjangan. Untuk penilaian kinerja karyawan ini dilakukan oleh manajer atau asisten manajer pada tiap-tiap devisi. Permasalahan muncul pada subjektifitas dalam memberikan penilaian kepada karyawan karena yang dinilai adalah subjektifitas masing masing karyawan. Sehingga penilaian yang diberikan masih tidak pasti. Adanya ketidaktepatan dalam memberikan nilai kepada karyawan berdampak pada hasil keputusan yang diberikan kurang optimal.Sehingga diperlukan sistem pendukung keputusan yang dapat membantu perusahaan dalam mengambil keputusan. Dengan menggunakan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan menggunakan ELECTRE diharapkan dapat mempermudahkan perusahaan dalam menentukan rangking kinerja karyawan.
AKTIVITAS SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPA KONSEP EKOSISTEM MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH
Authors: Wati Zuraida Usdek
Published: February 2019

The learning of Science, especially ecosystem material needs to be followed up in improving the learning, so that the students are expected to participate actively in learning and teaching process.  This is also useful in improving the result of Biology learning in ecosystem material. To solve the difficulties of learning, one of considerations is improving the student’s ability in learning process and to find the answers. One way that can be taken is to use guided inquiry learning during teaching learning takes place. Or students aredirectly involved in asking questions, searching information and conducting aninvestigation. This research is aimed at improving students’ activity of garde VII–C SMPN 25 Banjarmasin usingguided inquiry learning on Ecosystem material. This study is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) which is designed in two learning cycles, with each cycle consisting of 2 meetings. The subjects of this study were all students of class VII – C of SMP 25 Banjarmasin in academic year2014/2015. Data collection techniques used including  the provision of tests, observations and questionnaires. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the study show that students’ activity can be improved by using guided inquiry learning.
About organization of additional vocational training of accountants// Humanitarian and Socio-Economic Sciences Journal 2(13), 2019/ OEAPS Inc.(Open European Academy of Public Sciences); Chief Editor Flora Bertrand - Berlin, Germany. 14.02.2019: OEAPS Inc., 2019. - pp. 30-34.
Authors: Ikromjon Musahonzoda
Published: February 2019

In this article, it is given solutions of the problems of the organization and especially in trade, consists in the necessity to be settled within the complex mechanism of modern dynamical market formed in Russia.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Persediaan Barang pada Toko Multi Mandiri dengan Metode FIFO (First In First
Authors: halimah
Published: February 2019

Toko Multi Mandiri adalah Toko yang membuat lemari berbahan dasar almunium di natar, Lampung Selatan. Kurang mampunya pengendalian persediaan barang secara baik serta tidak lengkapnya pencatatan mengenai informasi persediaan barang, menyebabkan pemilik toko tidak mengetahui dengan jelas kapan harus memesan barang dan akhirnya pemilik toko sering kehabisan persediaan barang dan tidak mampu memenuhi kebutuhan pelangan. Metode dalam alur persediaan barang menggunakan metode FIFO (First In First Out) yaitu persediaan barang dari barang masuk sampai dengan barang keluar, dan untuk metode pengembangan sistemnya menggunakan metode Waterfall. Perangkat lunak pendukung yang digunakan adalah Adobe dreamweaver CS 6, Xampp, Database MySQL, dengan adanya sistem berbasis web, tentunya akan sangat mempermudah pengelolaan data ketersediaan barang serta penjualan, pembelian barang yang dilakukan
Sentinel or rather standby? Regardless of terminology, information processing continues during sleep
Authors: Blume Christine , Schabus Manuel
Published: February 2019

This letter to the editor does not have an abstract.
Stereotype Pembantu Rumah Tangga (PRT) dalam Hubungan Kerja Domestik di Yogyakarta
Authors: Muryanti Muryanti
Published: February 2019

Pekerja Rumah Tangga (PRT) memiliki peran penting dalam keluarga kelas menengah di Indonesia. Mereka berkontribusi dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaan domestik, pada saat majikan bekerja di ruang publik. Dengan terselesaikannya pekerjaan domestik, maka majikan dapat fokus bekerja di sektor publik sebagai penggerak ekonomi keluarga, masyarakat dan negara. Kontribusi besar PRT tersebut belum diiringi dengan status PRT sebagai pekerja. Mereka masih dianggap pembantu yang memiliki hubungan kekeluargaan dengan majikan, tanpa mendapatkan hak-haknya sebagai pekerja. Hak-hak tersebut diantaranya: upah yang layak, beban kerja yang sesuai dengan upah yang diterima, istirahat kerja, hari libur dan kesempataan berorganisasi. Berbagai macam hak tersebut sangat jauh dari kehidupan kerja PRT, mengingat sejarah panjang di Indonesia dengan adanya tradisi ngenger yang menempatkan mereka sebagai pembantu atau abdi, adanya ikatan kekeluargaan yang sangat melekat pada hubungan kerja kerumahtanggaan ini sehingga upaya untuk mengangkat PRT sebagai salah satu pekerja ini merupakan persoalan yang rumit. Beberapa upaya dilakukan oleh LSM, organisasi PRT dengan berbagai macam bentuknya (Serikat PRT, Organisasi Pekerja Rumah Tangga/Operata atau pun Kongres Organisasi Pekerja Rumah Tangga Yogyakarta) untuk pemberian hak-hak PRT dari pengguna jasa. Beberapa upaya yang dilakukan diantaranya: mengupayakan adanya peraturan pemerintah yang mengatur PRT sebagai pekerja, bukan sebagai pembantu yang berhak mendapatkan hak-haknya sebagai pekerja; adanya hari PRT yang diperingati ssecara nasional dan terbangunnya organisasi dalam level nasional yang mendukung gerakan PRT sebagai wahana untuk silaturahmi atau pun menyelesaikan berbagai macam permasalahan hubungan kerja domestik yang mereka alami, semisal adanya kekerasan ekonomi (gaji yang tidak dibayarkan oleh majikan). Berbagai macam upaya tersebut, ada yang menunjukan keberhasilan dengan adanya peraturan di level lokal Yogyakarta, namun belum tersosialisasi dengan baik dan adanya perlakukan majikan kepada PRT lebih manusiawi dibandingkan dengan sebelum adanya perjuangan PRT ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang menggali data dengan cara observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Wawancara dilakukan kepada 10 orang PRT dan majikan di Yogyakarta dan 10 orang PRT dan majikan di Jakarta.
Pengesahan Peraturan Daerah Pekerja Rumah Tangga di Yogyakarta dan Tantangannya
Authors: Muryanti Muryanti
Published: February 2019

This paper examines the legislation process of the Proposed Regional Regulation on Domestic Workers (Raperda PRT) in DIY. The regional regulation is crucial because domestic workers play a significant role for the working family and for those who are active in the public sphere. This resulted in an increased demand for the profession each year. Unfortunately, the absence of a governing regulation for the profession has led to very unclear and messy practices in the working relationship between the Domestic Worker (DW/PRT) and the customer (service user). Violations of the employment relationship have become frequent occurrences, including violence experienced by domestic workers, whether physical, psychological, economic, sexual or social. In Yogyakarta, the Domestic Workers Protection Network (JPPRT) of the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) has suggested that the various type of violence experienced by domestic workers cannot be viewed separately from the absence of a regulation that governs the working relationhip between domestic workers and their service users. Against this background, the JPPRT decided to pioneer and propose a draft for regional regulation on domestic workers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY).
Why the Activities of the Immune System Matter for Social and Personality Psychology (and Not Only for Those Who Study Health)
Authors: Lab TCU Hill
Published: February 2019

A growing body of research finds that the activities of the immune system – in addition to protecting the body from infection and injury – also influence how we think, feel, and behave. Although research on the relationship between the immune system and psychological and behavioral outcomes has most commonly focused on the experiences of those who are ill or experiencing an acute immune response, we propose that the immune system may also play a key role in influencing such outcomes in those who are healthy. Here, we review theory and research suggesting that inflammation – a key component of the immune response to pathogens and stressors – may play an important modulatory role in shaping emotions, motivation, cognition, and behavior, even among those without symptoms of illness. Moreover, because inflammation occurs in response to a number of everyday social experiences (e.g., loneliness, stress), we propose that it may be an important mediator of many psychological and behavioral outcomes that are of interest to social and personality psychologists. We close by discussing potential opportunities for researchers looking to incorporate psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) into their area of inquiry.
Surveying US College and University Dining Services for Potential Collaboration on Diet Change Research 2017-2018
Authors: Peacock Jacob
Published: February 2019

Collaboration with colleges and universities may be a promising opportunity for collecting data on what foods people buy. This data could support research in animal advocacy and other fields seeking to change diet, including reducing the purchase and consumption of animal products. To help build these collaborations, information about the dining services at 66 campuses in the United States was collected. Using this information, we tried to identify campuses which were likely to have detailed information on the food students buy and be willing to collaborate with researchers. We identified three such campuses and 25 campuses that likely do not meet those criteria. Researchers should consider collaborating with the identified campuses, searching for additional campuses as well as alternative research methods that do not require such detailed information.
Estimating PV Power from Aggregate Power Measurements within the Distribution Grid
Authors: Vrettos Evangelos , Kara Emre , Stewart Emma , Roberts Ciaran
Published: February 2019

The increased integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems in distribution grids reduces visibility and situational awareness for utilities, because the PV systems’ power production is usually not monitored by them. To address this problem, a method called Contextually Supervised Source Separation (CSSS) has been recently adapted for real-time estimation of aggregate PV active power generation from aggregate net active and reactive power measurements at a point in a radially configured distribution grid (e.g., substation). In its original version, PV disaggregation is formulated as an optimization problem that fits linear regression models for the aggregate PV active power generation and true substation active power load. This paper extends the previous work by adding regularization terms in the objective function to capture additional contextual information such as smoothness, by adding new constraints, by introducing new regressors such as ambient temperature, and by investigating the use of time-varying regressors. Furthermore, we perform extensive parametric analysis to inform tuning of the objective function weighting factors in a way that maximizes performance and robustness. The proposed PV disaggregation method can be applied to networks with either a single PV system (e.g., MW scale) or many distributed ones (e.g., residential scale) connected downstream of the substation. Simulation studies with real field recorded data show that the enhancements of the proposed method reduce disaggregation error by 58% in winter and 35% in summer compared with previous CSSS-based work. When compared against a commonly used transposition model based approach, the reduction in disaggregation error is more pronounced (78% reduction in winter and 45% in summer). Additional simulations indicate that the proposed algorithm is applicable also for PV systems with time-varying power factors. Overall, our results show that – with appropriate modeling and tuning – it is possible to accurately estimate the aggregated PV active power generation of a distribution feeder with minimal or no additional sensor deployment.
GBT-Based Elastic-Plastic Post-Buckling Analysis of Stainless Steel Thin-Walled Members
Authors: Abambres Miguel , Camotim Dinar , Silvestre Nuno
Published: February 2019

When compared with carbon steel, stainless steel exhibits a more pronounced non-linearity and no well-defined yield plateau, as well as appealing features such as aesthetics, higher corrosion resistance and lower life cycle cost. Due to its considerably high ductility/strength and cost, stainless steel structural solutions tend to be adopted mostly for slender/light structures, thus rendering the assessment of their structural behaviour rather complex, chiefly because of the high susceptibility to instability phenomena. The first objective of this paper is to present the main concepts and procedures involved in the development of a geometrically and physically non-linear Generalised Beam Theory (GBT) formulation and numerical implementation (code), intended to analyse the behaviour and collapse of thin-walled members made of materials with a highly non-linear stress-strain curve (e.g., stainless steel or aluminium). The second objective is to validate and illustrate the application of the proposed GBT formulation, by comparing its results (equilibrium paths, ultimate loads, deformed configurations, displacement profiles and stress distributions) with those provided by shell finite element analyses of two lean duplex square hollow section (SHS) columns previously investigated, both experimentally and numerically, by Theofanous and Gardner [1]. The stainless steel material behaviour is modelled as non-linear isotropic and the GBT analysis includes initial geometrical imperfections, but neglects corner strength enhancements and membrane residual stresses. It is shown that the GBT unique modal nature makes it possible to acquire in-depth knowledge concerning the mechanics of the column behaviour, by providing “structural x-rays” of the (elastic or elastic-plastic) equilibrium configurations: modal participation diagrams showing the quantitative contributions of the global, local, warping shear and transverse extension deformation modes moreover, this feature makes it possible to exclude, from future similar GBT analyses, those deformation modes found to play a negligible role in the mechanics of the behaviour under scrutiny, thus further reducing the number of degrees of freedom involved in a GBT analysis, i.e., increasing its computational efficiency.
Geometrically and Physically Non-Linear GBT-Based Analysis of Thin-Walled Steel Members
Authors: Abambres Miguel , Camotim Dinar , Silvestre Nuno
Published: February 2019

This paper presents and illustrates the application of an elastic-plastic Generalised Beam Theory (GBT) formulation, based on J2-flow plasticity theory, that makes it possible to perform physically and geometrically non-linear (post-buckling) analyses of prismatic thin-walled members (i) with arbitrary cross-section shapes, (ii) exhibiting any type of deformation pattern (global, local, distortional, warping, shear), (iii) made from non-linear materials with isotropic strain-hardening and (iv) containing initial imperfections, namely residual stresses and/or geometric imperfections, having generic distributions. After providing a brief overview of the main GBT assumptions, kinematical relations and equilibrium equations, the development of a novel non-linear beam finite element (FE) is addressed in some detail. Moreover, its application is illustrated through the presentation and discussion of numerical results concerning the post-buckling behaviour of a fixed-ended I-section steel column exhibiting local initial geometrical imperfections, namely (i) non-linear equilibrium paths, (ii) displacement profiles, (iii) stress diagrams/distributions and (iv) deformed configurations. For validation purposes, the GBT results are also compared with values yielded by ABAQUS rigorous shell FE analyses.
First order elastoplastic GBT analysis of tubular beams
Authors: Abambres Miguel , Camotim Dinar , Silvestre Nuno
Published: February 2019

This paper aims to present an original formulation of Generalised Beam Theory (GBT) intended to perform first order elastoplastic analysis of thin-walled members, made of isotropic non-linear material and subjected to arbitrary deformation. The J2-flow theory is used to model plasticity in conjunction with the Euler-Backward return-mapping algorithm. After presenting the formulation, its application is illustrated by means of the first order analysis of beams with (i) rectangular hollow section (RHS) and (ii) LiteSteel section, made of an elastic-perfectly plastic material and subjected to distributed and point loading, respectively. The GBT results, which include equilibrium paths, displacement profiles, stress diagrams, 3D stress/displacement con-tours and deformed shapes, are compared with the ones obtained by ABAQUS code using a shell finite ele-ment model. GBT and ABAQUS results display a very good agreement.
MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SEKOLAH DASAR DI PALOPO MELALUI LESSON STUDY
Authors: IAIN Palopo Prodi_PGMI FTIK
Published: February 2019

Dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas matematika dasar pengajaran dan pembelajaran, berbagai upaya telah dilakukan oleh peneliti. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengeksplorasi pelaksanaan lesson study dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas pengajaran dan pembelajaran matematika di sekiolah dasar
HUBUNGAN VARIASI BAHASA DENGAN KELOMOPOK SOSIAL DAN PEMAKAIAN BAHASA
Authors: IAIN Palopo Prodi_PGMI FTIK
Published: February 2019

Mempelajari sosiolinguistik berarti mempelajari bahasa dalam konteks sosio-kultural serta hubungan penutur dengan pendengaranya. Kelompok sosial mengacu pada perbedaan penduduk atau kelompok dalam kelas-kelas kekuasaan, pendapatan, kedudukan, dan jenis pekerjaan.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN GURU SD DALAM MENYAJIKAN PRESENTASI ATRAKTIF MELALUI MEDIA MICROSOFT POWER POINT
Authors: IAIN Palopo Prodi_PGMI FTIK
Published: February 2019

Microsoft power point merupakan salah satu media presentasi yang dapat dipakai oleh guru untuk menyajikan materi pembelajarannya sehingga kegiatan belajar mengajar lebih interaktif dan menarik bagi siswa.
IBM PEMBERDAYAAN GURU SD DALAM PENGUATAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER (PPK) DI KECAMATAN SALOBULO
Authors: IAIN Palopo Prodi_PGMI FTIK
Published: February 2019

Pendidikan karakter merupakan suatu usaha yang dapat dilakukan untuk mempengaruhi atau mengarahkan siswa ke karakter yang baik. Penguatan pendidikan karakter merupakan program pendidikan di sekolah untuk memperkuat karakter siswa melalui harmonisasi olah hati, pikir, dan raga dengan dukungan perlibatan publik dan kerjasama antar sekolah.
To Fear or Fly to the Unknown: Tolerance for Ambiguity and Big Five Personality Traits
Authors: Jach Hayley , Smillie Luke
Published: February 2019

The present study investigated whether ambiguity tolerance relates to personality traits that are theoretically grounded in fear (neuroticism) or attraction (openness to experience; extraversion) for the unknown. Our hypotheses were supported for self-report measures (and openness to experience predicted ambiguity tolerance controlling for intelligence), but behavioral choice measures of ambiguity tolerance demonstrated poor reliability and were unrelated to self-reported ambiguity tolerance and basic personality traits. An exploratory network analysis revealed that ambiguity tolerance was more strongly related to the intellectual curiosity (vs. aesthetic appreciation) facet of openness to experience, and the assertiveness (vs. energy or sociability) facet of extraversion. Our findings reinforce the fragmented literature in this area, and support predictions derived from psychological entropy theories of personality.
Resting-state and Vocabulary Tasks Distinctively Inform On Age-Related Differences in the Functional Brain Connectome
Authors: Ferré Perrine , Benhajali Yassine , Steffener Jason , Stern Yaakov , Joanette Yves , Bellec Pierre
Published: February 2019

Most of the current knowledge about age-related differences in brain neurofunctional organization stems from neuroimaging studies using either a “resting state” paradigm, or cognitive tasks for which performance decreases with age. However, it remains to be known if comparable age-related differences are found when participants engage in cognitive activities for which performance is maintained with age, such as vocabulary knowledge tasks. A functional connectivity analysis was performed on 286 adults ranging from 18 to 80 years old, based either on a resting state paradigm or when engaged in vocabulary tasks. Notable increases in connectivity of regions of the language network were observed during task completion. Conversely, only age-related decreases were observed across the whole connectome during resting-state. While vocabulary accuracy increased with age, no interaction was found between functional connectivity, age and task accuracy or proxies of cognitive reserve, suggesting that older individuals typically benefits from semantic knowledge accumulated throughout one's life trajectory, without the need for compensatory mechanisms.
FILE SHARING SERVER MENGGUNAKAN SAMBA SERVER DAN LINUX UBUNTU 12.04 SERVER
Authors: Nugroho Andi , Handrianto Yopi
Published: February 2019

Data storage on server laboratory at the computer science when needed.It was because application that progressively and document required was handled by more than one person.Currently there are 6 class space the laboratory contained 30 units of computer in each room. All the time, Laboran (person who manage and work in a laboratory) have to bring harddrive external if you want to install application needed for each the lab, but during this laboran has only two external hard drive. This condition resulted in the process of installation application in the laboratory require a long time. In addition, every month laboran have to make recapitulation contract for 22 person laboratory’s assistant. Now, to make contract assistant in the lab, laboran have to open one of the workstations that is in the fasilkom’s laboratory. This can slow performance, because laboran have to coming into the fasilkom’s laboratory.  By the presence of the problems mentioned above, then built a file sharing that is used to hold the application of which is required in the entire room of Fasilkom’s laboratory. In addition, a file sharing this can be used to speed up the emoluments of the preparation of reports on the whole lab assistant that until now had been stored luminance space laboratory so that laboran no need to use more external hard disk in installation perform the process of application by opening the Samba through Windows Server Explorer. It is also the case to compile the report honorarium of the lab’s assistant, laboran enough to use of a file sharing fastly. A file sharing development is using the Linux Ubuntu operating system Version 12.04 and the application of the Samba Servers the Samba to connect storage a file that is in linux so that it can be opened in a windows or linux operating system based. Keywords : File Sharing Server, Samba Server, Linux Ubuntu, Computer Lab.
SISTEM PAKAR EVALUASI PSIKOLOGIS REMAJA PADA LEMBAGA INDONESIA CREATIVE CENTRE JAKARTA
Authors: Destiana Henny , Suleha Sari
Published: February 2019

Expert System or popular name is psikotest surely already in common and become a regular activity in schools and institutions both large companies and small companies. There are various types of offers and the quality offered, but generally give the same picture as good.Psychological evaluations for students is a device used to illustrate the uniqueness of the individual's personality and their potential. Based on the understanding of the needs from the school, obtained from research on existing educational institutions that schools have needs different levels.The answer from an expert on a consultation of trustworthy and accountable and has a value of quality results, because an expert control field has been practiced based on the experience and knowledge gained. The method used in the design of this expert system application is Ranut Forward. Application of expert system is useful to help users in analyzing interest talents by way of input answers of statements that have been there on this expert system in every aspect from the input data condition statement to answer her, then get the results of the analysis of interest flair complete with analysis profession that should be focused over the interests of his talent. Key Word : Psychological Evaluation, Expert System, Interest Talents
Remand as a Cross-Institutional System: Examining the Process of Punishment before Conviction
Authors: Pelvin Holly
Published: February 2019

Currently in Canada, there are more legally innocent people in custody in provincial/territorial prisons than there are sentenced prisoners. This group, known as remand prisoners, constituted 37% of the total prison population – federal and provincial/territorial – in Canada in 2015. Despite growing public attention and legal awareness of the remand problem, little is known about the human costs of pre-trial detention. I outline some of these costs to individuals through a discussion of three distinctive dimensions of remand imprisonment: arrest, court appearances, and daily life in custody. Based on interviews with 120 remand prisoners (60 male, 60 female) at four maximum-security provincial prisons in Ontario, I demonstrate that the system imposes many punishments on individuals long before – and often in the absence of – conviction. The consequences of remand custody have implications for our understanding of the nature of punishment before conviction and for contemporary legal debates in Canada on the issue of pre-trial credit.
Laminectomy alone versus fusion for grade 1 lumbar spondylolisthesis in 426 patients from the prospective Quality Outcomes Database
Authors: Chan Andrew K. , Bisson Erica F. , Bydon Mohamad , Glassman Steven D. , Foley Kevin T. , Potts Eric A. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Shaffrey Mark E. , Coric Domagoj , Knightly John J. , Park Paul , Wang Michael Y. , Fu Kai-Ming , Slotkin Jonathan R. , Asher Anthony L. , Virk Michael S. , Kerezoudis Panagiotis , Chotai Silky , DiGiorgio Anthony M. , Haid Regis W. , Mummaneni Praveen V.
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE

The AANS launched the Quality Outcomes Database (QOD), a prospective longitudinal registry that includes demographic, clinical, and patient-reported outcome (PRO) data to measure the safety and quality of spine surgery. Registry data offer “real-world” insights into the utility of spinal fusion and decompression surgery for lumbar spondylolisthesis. Using the QOD, the authors compared the initial 12-month outcome data for patients undergoing fusion and those undergoing laminectomy alone for grade 1 degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis.

METHODS

Data from 12 top enrolling sites were analyzed and 426 patients undergoing elective single-level spine surgery for degenerative grade 1 lumbar spondylolisthesis were found. Baseline, 3-month, and 12-month follow-up data were collected and compared, including baseline clinical characteristics, readmission rates, reoperation rates, and PROs. The PROs included Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), back and leg pain numeric rating scale (NRS) scores, and EuroQol–5 Dimensions health survey (EQ-5D) results.

RESULTS

A total of 342 (80.3%) patients underwent fusion, with the remaining 84 (19.7%) undergoing decompression alone. The fusion cohort was younger (60.7 vs 69.9 years, p < 0.001), had a higher mean body mass index (31.0 vs 28.4, p < 0.001), and had a greater proportion of patients with back pain as a major component of their initial presentation (88.0% vs 60.7%, p < 0.001). There were no differences in 12-month reoperation rate (4.4% vs 6.0%, p = 0.93) and 3-month readmission rates (3.5% vs 1.2%, p = 0.45). At 12 months, both cohorts improved significantly with regard to ODI, NRS back and leg pain, and EQ-5D (p < 0.001, all comparisons). In adjusted analysis, fusion procedures were associated with superior 12-month ODI (β −4.79, 95% CI −9.28 to −0.31; p = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS

Surgery for grade 1 lumbar spondylolisthesis—regardless of treatment strategy—was associated with significant improvements in disability, back and leg pain, and quality of life at 12 months. When adjusting for covariates, fusion surgery was associated with superior ODI at 12 months. Although fusion procedures were associated with a lower rate of reoperation, there was no statistically significant difference at 12 months. Further study must be undertaken to assess the durability of either surgical strategy in longer-term follow-up.
Temporal analysis of a control system in a data processing network
Authors: Rozhdestvenskaya К. N.
Published: February 2019

Introduction:A control system for a data processing network interacts with the network by sending commands and receiving responses. Such a control system is responsible for the network viability, and therefore should be analyzed, in particular, in terms of behavior over time, without exhaustive search for possible control options.

Purpose:Studying and analyzing the behavior of a control system in a data processing network using mathematical modeling based on finite automata theory, and performing computer simulation of the obtained theoretical positions.

Results:A finite state machine is constructed, presented in the form of a transition graph, reflecting the temporal behavior of a part of a specific control system in the data processing network by Plug-and-Play manager. Rules of conduct are specified, and the problem of the manager FSM analysis is defined. As a result, the control vector types have been obtained which lead the PnP manager to the correct temporal behavior. Computer simulation was performed using a script program in MatLab mathematical package. The simulation results are presented as time diagrams of finite state machine transitions. Its behavior varies depending on the incoming signals and the starting state of the machine. On the time diagrams, you can trace the behavior and transitions between states, estimate the frequency of getting into a particular state, or bypass the machine states.

Practical relevance:The control vector types found for the PnP manager without an exhaustive search do not lead to incorrect situations in network data processing.
Statistical characteristics of the mean level of an elite group utility in selection
Authors: Monakov A. A.
Published: February 2019

Introduction:The development of biological and social systems is largely determined by the utility level of the elite group which stands out from the main population, being characterized by a high status. An elite group development process is random due to unavoidable errors in selection. The degree of influence of these errors on the utility level of an elite group can differ depending on the selection rules.

Purpose:Evaluation of the influence of selection rules on the dynamics of the mean level of an elite group utility.

Results:We have studied the dynamically changing probabilistic characteristics of an average elite group utility level, following two different selection scenarios: with a fixed threshold, and with a threshold determined by the mean level of the group utility achieved by the moment of the selection. It has been found out that in the first scenario the mean level of the elite group utility tends to a level whose value, even when the selection error probability is high, is greater than the mean utility level for the whole population. However, if it is unacceptable to reduce the mean level of the elite utility below the selection threshold, the error probability should be less than or equal to the square of the probability that a population member is selected for the elite group. It is proved that in the second scenario the mean level of the elite group utility tends to the mean value of this parameter for the whole population, regardless of the selection error probability. The latter affects only the duration of the transition process during which the elite «dissolves» in the population and its representatives cease to differ on average from the other members of the population in terms of their utility. The concept of critical probability of selection errors is introduced, at which the mean level of the elite group utility is equal to the lowest permissible boundary.

Practical relevance:It is proved that correct elite development requires a selection scenario with a fixed high threshold. The calculated value of the critical probability of selection errors can be used to control the development of an elite group.
A method for calculation of finite fatigue life under multiaxial loading in high-cycle domain
Authors: Malnati M.
Published: February 2019

A method for fatigue life assessment in high-cycle domain under multiaxial loading is presented in this paper. This approach allows fatigue assessment under any kind of load history, without limitations. The methodology lies on the construction - at a macroscopic level - of an “indicator” in the form of a set of cycles, representing plasticity that can arise at mesoscopic level throughout fatigue process. During the advancement of the loading history new cycles are created and a continuous evaluation of the damage is made.
Elastic wave propagation and stop-band generation in strongly damaged solids
Authors: Carta G. , Brun M. , Movchan A.B.
Published: February 2019

In this work, we study the propagation of elastic waves in elongated solids with an array of equallyspaced deep transverse cracks, focusing in particular on the determination of stop-bands. We consider solids with different types of boundary conditions and different lengths, and we show that the eigenfrequencies associated with non-localized modes lie within the pass-bands of the corresponding infinite periodic system, provided that the solids are long enough. In the stop-bands, instead, eigenfrequencies relative to localized modes may be found. Furthermore, we use an asymptotic reduced model, whereby the cracked solid is approximated by a beam with elastic connections. This model allows to derive the dynamic properties of damaged solids through analytical methods. By comparing the theoretical dispersion curves yielded by the asymptotic reduced model with the numerical outcomes obtained from finite element computations, we observe that the asymptotic reduced model provides a better fit to the numerical data as the slenderness ratio increases. Finally, we illustrate how the limits of the stop-bands vary with the depth of the cracks.
Experimental investigation of crack initiation and propagation in high- and gigacycle fatigue in titanium alloys by study of morphology of fracture
Authors: Bannikov M.V. , Naimark O. B. , Oborin V.A.
Published: February 2019

Fatigue (high- and gigacycle) crack initiation and its propagation in titanium alloys with coarse and fine grain structure are studied by fractography analysis of fracture surface. Fractured specimens were analyzed by interferometer microscope and electronic microscope to improve methods of monitoring of damage accumulation during fatigue test and verify the models for fatigue crack kinetics. Fatigue strength was estimated for high cycle fatigue (HCF) regime using the Luong method [1] by “in-situ” infrared scanning of the sample surface for the step-wise loading history for different grain size metals. Fine grain alloys demonstrated higher fatigue resistance for both HCF and gigacycle fatigue regimes. Fracture surface analysis for cylindrical samples was carried out using optical and electronic microscopy method. High resolution profilometry (interferometerprofiler New View 5010) data of fracture surface roughness allowed us to estimate scale invariance (the Hurst exponent) and to establish the existence of two characteristic areas of damage localization (different values of the Hurst exponent). Area 1 with diameter ~300 ?m has the pronounced roughness and is associated with damage localization hotspot. Area 2 shows less amplitude roughness, occupies the rest fracture surface and considered as the trace of the fatigue crack path corresponding to the Paris kinetics.
Crack initiation characteristics and fatigue property of a high-strength steel in VHCF regime under different stress ratios
Authors: Liu Xiaolong , Sun Chengqi , Hong Youshi
Published: February 2019

Crack initiation characteristics and fatigue property of a high-strength steel in very-high-cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime under different stress ratios were investigated in this paper. Fatigue tests were performed at stress ratios of -1, -0.5, 0.1 and 0.3 by using an ultrasonic fatigue testing machine. The difference of S-N data and the characteristics of crack initiation under different stress ratios were examined. It is shown that the magnitude of stress ratio has a substantial effect on the fatigue strength that decreases with the increase of stress ratio. However, the variation tendency of the S-N data from low-cycle fatigue to VHCF regime is similar for the four cases. SEM observations of the fracture surface indicate that fatigue crack initiates from the surface of specimen in low-cycle regime and initiates mostly from the inclusion in the interior of specimen in high-cycle and VHCF regimes, which is irrespective of the state of stress ratio. By means of Focused Ion Beam technique, the samples of crack initiation region were prepared then observed via TEM. The observations show the microscopic morphology of the crack initiation region, showing the different crack initiation characteristics and revealing the mechanism of crack initiation for different stress ratios. Moreover, the effect of inclusion size on fatigue life is discussed with the results showing that the effect of stress ratio and inclusion size on fatigue strength is well described by our proposed formula.
Controlling fatigue crack paths for crack surface marking and growth investigations
Authors: Barter S. , White P. , Burchill M.
Published: February 2019

While it is well known that fatigue crack growth in metals that display confined slip, such as high strength aluminium alloys, develop crack paths that are responsive to the loading direction and the local microstructural orientation, it is less well known that such paths are also responsive to the loading history. In these materials, certain loading sequences can produce highly directional slip bands ahead of the crack tip and by adjusting the sequence of loads, distinct fracture surface features or progression marks, even at very small crack depths can result. Investigating the path a crack selects in fatigue testing when particular combinations of constant and variable amplitude load sequences are applied is providing insight into crack growth. Further, it is possible to design load sequences that allow very small amounts of crack growth to be measured, at very small crack sizes, well below the conventional crack growth threshold in the aluminium alloy discussed here. This paper reports on observations of the crack path phenomenon and a novel test loading method for measuring crack growth rates for very small crack depths in aluminium alloy 7050-T7451 (an important aircraft primary structural material). The aim of this work was to firstly generate short- crack constant amplitude growth data and secondly, through the careful manipulation of the applied loading, to achieve a greater understanding of the mechanisms of fatigue crack growth in the material being investigated. A particular focus of this work is the identification of the possible sources of crack growth retardation and closure in these small cracks. Interpreting these results suggests a possible mechanism for why small fatigue crack growth through this material under variable amplitude loading is faster than predicted from models based on constant amplitude data alone.
Fatigue properties and fracture mechanism of load carrying type fillet joints with one-sided welding
Authors: Abe Takamasa , Akebono Hiroyuki , Kato Masahiko , Sugeta Atsushi
Published: February 2019

The structures of the hydraulic excavator and the crane have numerous one-sided welded joints. However, attachments with box like structures are difficult to weld at both sides. Therefore, high accurate evaluation method is needed. In this study, the fatigue properties and the fracture mechanism of the load carrying type fillet joints with one-sided welding were investigated experimentally to evaluate its fatigue damage with high accuracy based on the experimental results. As the results, fatigue cracks in the test piece initiated from the tip of the unwelded portion and propagated into the welding materials. Multiple welding defects were observed in the unwelded portion, but did not appear to be crack origins. Although these welding defects affected the direction of crack propagation they exerted minimal influence. The three-dimensional observations revealed that fatigue cracks initiate at an early stage of the fatigue development. We infer that the fatigue lifetime is chiefly governed by the crack propagation lifetime. Cracks were initiated at multiple sites in the test piece. As the number of cycles increased, these cracks propagated and combined. So considering the combination of cracks from multiple crack origins is important for a precise evaluation of fatigue damage.
Investigation of mixed mode - I/II fracture problems - Part 1: computational and experimental analyses
Authors: Demir O. , Siriç S. , Ayhan A. O. , Lekesiz H.
Published: February 2019

In this study, to investigate and understand the nature of fracture behavior properly under in-plane mixed mode (Mode-I/II) loading, three-dimensional fracture analyses and experiments of compact tension shear (CTS) specimen are performed under different mixed mode loading conditions. Al 7075-T651 aluminum machined from rolled plates in the L-T rolling direction (crack plane is perpendicular to the rolling direction) is used in this study. Results from finite element analyses and fracture loads, crack deflection angles obtained from the experiments are presented. To simulate the real conditions in the experiments, contacts are defined between the contact surfaces of the loading devices, specimen and loading pins. Modeling, meshing and the solution of the problem involving the whole assembly, i.e., loading devices, pins and the specimen, with contact mechanics are performed using ANSYSTM. Then, CTS specimen is analyzed separately using a submodeling approach, in which three-dimensional enriched finite elements are used in FRAC3D solver to calculate the resulting stress intensity factors along the crack front. Having performed the detailed computational and experimental studies on the CTS specimen, a new specimen type together with its loading device is also proposed that has smaller dimensions compared to the regular CTS specimen. Experimental results for the new specimen are also presented.
Fatigue crack growth prediction in 2xxx AA with friction stir weld HAZ properties
Authors: Tzamtzis A. , Kermanidis A. T.
Published: February 2019

An analytical model is developed to predict fatigue crack propagation rate under mode I loading in 2024 aluminum alloy with FSW HAZ material characteristics. Simulation of the HAZ local properties in parent 2024 AA was performed with overaging using specific heat treatment conditions. The model considers local cyclic hardening behavior in the HAZ to analyze crack growth. For the evaluation of the model, the analytical results have been compared with experimental fatigue crack growth on overaged 2024 alloy simulating material behavior at different positions within the HAZ. The analytical results showed that cyclic hardening at the crack tip can be used successfully with the model to predict FCG in a material at overaged condition associated with a location in the FSW HAZ
Implementation of fatigue model for unidirectional laminate based on finite element analysis: theory and practice
Authors: Carrella-Payan D. , Magneville B. , Hack M. , Lequesne C. , Naito T. , Urushiyama Y. , Yamazaki W. , Yokozeki T. , Van Paepegem W.
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study is to deal with the simulation of intralaminar fatigue damage in unidirectional composite under multi-axial and variable amplitude loadings. The variable amplitude and multi-axial loading is accounted for by using the damage hysteresis operator based on Brokate method [6]. The proposed damage model for fatigue is based on stiffness degradation laws from Van Paepegem combined with the ‘damage’ cycle jump approach extended to deal with unidirectional carbon fibres. The parameter identification method is here presented and parameter sensitivities are discussed. The initial static damage of the material is accounted for by using the Ladevèze damage model and the permanent shear strain accumulation based on Van Paepegem’s formulation. This approach is implemented into commercial software (Siemens PLM). The validation case is run on a bending test coupon (with arbitrary stacking sequence and load level) in order to minimise the risk of inter-laminar damages. This intra-laminar fatigue damage model combined efficient methods with a low number of tests to identify the parameters of the stiffness degradation law, this overall procedure for fatigue life prediction is demonstrated to be cost efficient at industrial level. This work concludes on the next challenges to be addressed (validation tests, multiple-loadings validation, failure criteria, inter-laminar damages…).