bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O C.B.D., um problema de geografia espacial: D. Hywel Davies, Q. Ahmad
Authors: Amaral Ilídio
Published: November 2016

(sem entrada)
Orientação
Authors: Ribeiro Orlando
Published: November 2016

(sem entrada)
Herman Lautensach e a Geografia da Península Ibérica
Authors: Ribeiro Orlando
Published: November 2016

(sem entrada)
Estudos geomorfológico das bacias dos rios Senegal e Gâmbia
Authors: Ferreira António De Brum
Published: November 2016

(sem entrada)
How Engineering and Business Schools can benefit from Using Regionalization in a Globalized World-Insights from Kant and Chaos Theory
Authors: M.Syvertsen Carsten
Published: November 2016

The purpose of the article is to show how Chinese engineering schools and business schools can benefit from using a regional approach in a globalized world. The objective is to achieve economic growth. In order to tailor make services to the needs of the students and the business community research can be the main activity of engineering schools and business schools, focusing on undergraduate programs, building the reasoning on insights from Kant and chaos theory. Graduate programs can to a greater extent use applied approaches suited to the needs of the business world and the world of science. It is suggested that a regional model is used building on technology, leadership and value creation in order to meet expected economic growth. The sample of schools is from Asia, Europe and America (USA).
Francesco Giuseppe Cabrera, il principe messicano degli umanisti di America nei secoli xx e xxi
Authors: Herrera Zapién Tarsicio
Published: November 2016

La piú recente Eneide creata in America nei due secoli scorsi, che é Monumenta Mexicana del avvocato Francesco Giuseppe Cabrera recentemente tramontato (marzo 2015, 99 anni), tratta come monumento in tutto culminante, le cittá, gli eroi e i poeti del Messico attraverso la sua storia. In rimarcabile parallello, mentre l’Eneide di Virgilio raduna 10,000 esametri in dodici libri narrativi del poeta; sul contrario le Monumenta Mexicana di Cabrera radunano in 4,500 esametri ed undici foglietti quasi tutta la storia e la leggenda del Messico e dei suoi personaggi. Questi undici volumetti succedono ai perdurabili poemi epico lirici del gesuiti del 1700, Abad, Landívar, Fuentes e López.
Komparasi Pembelajaran SAVI dan REACT Pada Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Kelas-VIII Materi Kubus dan Balok
Authors: Siswoyuono Andriawan Meka , Susilo Bambang Eko
Published: November 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil komparasi antara model pembelajaran SAVI dan REACT terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan post test-only control group design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Ungaran tahun ajaran 2013/2014 dengan sampel diambil secara cluster random sampling, terpilih tiga kelas sampel dimana setiap kelas terdiri dari 24 siswa. Kelas eksperimen 1 diberi perlakuan dengan model pembelajaran SAVI, kelas eksperimen 2 diberi perlakuan dengan model pembelajaran REACT, dan kelas kontrol dengan model pembelajaran Direct Instruction. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi untuk mengetahui aktivitas siswa dan guru, dan metode tes untuk mengetahui kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa yang kemudian dianalisis dengan uji proporsi, uji perbedaan rata-rata, dan uji lanjut Tukey. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah antara kelas eksperimen 1 dan 2. Jadi, baik model pembelajaran SAVI maupun REACT sama-sama efektif dalam mengembangkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa.
Evaluation of Satellite Rainfall Estimates in the Pra Basin of Ghana
Authors: Owusu Collins , Adjei Kwaku Amaning , Odai Samuel Nii
Published: November 2016

Satellite-based rainfall estimation products provide a vital alternative source of rainfall data in areas where conventional precipitation measurement is not readily available. In order to facilitate the use of these products there is the need to evaluate their accuracies. This study evaluated the accuracy of three satellite rainfall products; TMPA 3B42RT, TMPA 3B42 and CMORPH in the Pra basin (23,330 km2) of Ghana. The evaluation was through the point-to-pixel method by comparing 0.25°x 0.25° satellite grids to gauged rainfall based on gauge locations and analyzed statistically using correlation coefficient (r), bias and percent bias (pBias) as the performance verification methods. Seven (7) gauge stations with no missing data for the period of 2003-2008 was used in the evaluation. The analysis was based on daily, monthly, annual and seasonal timescales. Our results showed a good correlation between the TMPA products and the gauged data on all timescales considered. The CMORPH on the other hand showed huge overestimation at all gauge locations. The TMPA 3B42 was seen to be the best amongst the three products. The overall rainfall in the basin was well depicted by the TMPA 3B42 and 3B42RT. Although there wasn’t a perfect match between the 3B42RT and 3B42 products and the gauged rainfall, these products can be used to supplement gauged rainfall measurements in the basin and in estimation of rainfall in ungauged basins with similar characteristics.
Larval Survivorship and Settlement of Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris) at Varying Chlorophyll Concentrations
Authors: Pratchett Morgan S. , Dworjanyn Symon , Mos Benjamin , Caballes Ciemon F. , Thompson Cassandra A. , Blowes Shane
Published: November 2016

The dispersal potential of crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS) larvae is important in understanding both the initiation and spread of population outbreaks, and is fundamentally dependent upon how long larvae can persist while still retaining the capacity to settle. This study quantified variation in larval survivorship and settlement rates for CoTS maintained at three different chlorophyll concentrations (0.1, 1.0 or 10.0 µg.L-1), achieved by varying densities of single-celled flagellate phytoplankton, Proteomonas sulcata. Based on the larval starvation hypothesis we expected that low to moderate algal concentrations would significantly constrain both survival and settlement. CoTS larvae were successfully maintained for up to 50 days post-fertilization, but larval survival differed significantly between treatments. Survival was greatest at intermediate (1.0 µg.L-1) chlorophyll concentrations, and lowest at highest (10.0 µg.L-1) chlorophyll concentrations. Rates of settlement were also highest at intermediate (1.0 µg.L-1) chlorophyll concentrations and peaked at 22 days post-fertilization. Peak settlement was delayed at low chlorophyll concentrations, probably reflective of delayed development, but there was no evidence of accelerated development at high chlorophyll concentrations. CoTS larvae were capable of settling 17-43 days post-fertilization, but under optimum conditions with intermediate chlorophyll concentrations, peak settlement occurred at 22 days post-fertilization. Moderate increases in nutrient concentrations and algal densities may increase the number of CoTS that effectively settle, but are unlikely to influence dispersal dynamics.
Trends in Personal Belief Exemption Rates Among Alternative Private Schools: Waldorf, Montessori, and Holistic Kindergartens in California, 2000–2014
Authors: Brennan Julia M. , Bednarczyk Robert A. , Richards Jennifer L. , Allen Kristen E. , Warraich Gohar J. , Omer Saad B.
Published: November 2016

Objectives. To evaluate trends in rates of personal belief exemptions (PBEs) to immunization requirements for private kindergartens in California that practice alternative educational methods.

Methods. We used California Department of Public Health data on kindergarten PBE rates from 2000 to 2014 to compare annual average increases in PBE rates between schools.

Results. Alternative schools had an average PBE rate of 8.7%, compared with 2.1% among public schools. Waldorf schools had the highest average PBE rate of 45.1%, which was 19 times higher than in public schools (incidence rate ratio = 19.1; 95% confidence interval = 16.4, 22.2). Montessori and holistic schools had the highest average annual increases in PBE rates, slightly higher than Waldorf schools (Montessori: 8.8%; holistic: 7.1%; Waldorf: 3.6%).

Conclusions. Waldorf schools had exceptionally high average PBE rates, and Montessori and holistic schools had higher annual increases in PBE rates. Children in these schools may be at higher risk for spreading vaccine-preventable diseases if trends are not reversed.
Gain in Insurance Coverage and Residual Uninsurance Under the Affordable Care Act: Texas, 2013–2016
Authors: Pickett Stephen , Marks Elena , Ho Vivian
Published: November 2016

Objectives. To examine the effects of the Affordable Care Act’s (ACA’s) Marketplace on Texas residents and determine which population subgroups benefited the most and which the least.

Methods. We analyzed insurance coverage rates among nonelderly Texas adults using the Health Reform Monitoring Survey-Texas from September 2013, just before the first open enrollment period in the Marketplace, through March 2016.

Results. Texas has experienced a roughly 6–percentage-point increase in insurance coverage (from 74.7% to 80.6%; P = .012) after implementation of the major insurance provisions of the ACA. The 4 subgroups with the largest increases in adjusted insurance coverage between 2013 and 2016 were persons aged 50 to 64 years (12.1 percentage points; P = .002), Hispanics (10.9 percentage points; P = .002), persons reporting fair or poor health status (10.2 percentage points; P = .038), and those with a high school diploma as their highest educational attainment (9.2 percentage points; P = .023).

Conclusions. Many population subgroups have benefited from the ACA’s Marketplace, but approximately 3 million Texas residents still lack health coverage. Adopting the ACA’s Medicaid expansion is a means to address the lack of coverage.
Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Literacy Among Korean American Women: A Community Health Worker–Led Intervention
Authors: Han Hae-Ra , Song Youngshin , Kim Miyong , Hedlin Haley K. , Kim Kyounghae , Ben Lee Hochang , Roter Debra
Published: November 2016

Objectives. To test a community health worker (CHW)-led health literacy intervention on mammogram and Papanicolaou test screening among Korean American women.

Methods. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial at 23 ethnic churches in the Baltimore, Maryland–Washington, DC, metropolitan area between 2010 and 2014. Trained CHWs enrolled 560 women. The intervention group received an individually tailored cancer-screening brochure followed by CHW-led health literacy training and monthly telephone counseling with navigation assistance. Study outcomes included receipt of an age-appropriate cancer screening test, health literacy, cancer knowledge, and perceptions about cancer screening at 6 months.

Results. The odds of having received a mammogram were 18.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.2, 37.4) times higher in the intervention than in the control group, adjusting for covariates. The odds of receiving a Papanicolaou test were 13.3 (95% CI = 7.9, 22.3) times higher; the odds of receiving both tests were 17.4 (95% CI = 7.5, 40.3) times higher. Intervention effects also included increases in health literacy and positive perceptions about cancer screening.

Conclusions. A health literacy–focused CHW intervention successfully promoted cancer-screening behaviors and related cognitive and attitudinal outcomes in Korean American women.
Corn Yield and Grain Nutrient Uptake from 50 Years of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization
Authors: Schlegel Alan J. , Havlin John L.
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas

Initiated in 1961, a 50‐yr field study quantified continuous irrigated corn response to annual N and P rates.

Positive N–P interactions on grain yield and grain N/P concentrations were documented.

Economic optimum N rate varied greatly over years, but averaged ∼175 kg N ha−1 (1992‐2010).

Significantly greater apparent fertilizer N recovery in grain (∼45%) occurred with P fertilization compared to no P (∼20%).

Long‐term field studies can be used to improve nutrient effects on productivity.

Long‐term agricultural field experiments provide valuable information regarding the effects of nutrient inputs on crop productivity. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of 50 yr of annual N and P application on irrigated continuous corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield, grain nutrient uptake, and economic optimum N rates. Six N (0, 45, 90, 134, 179, and 224 kg N ha−1) and three P rates (0, 20, and 40 kg P ha−1) in a factorial arrangement were applied annually from 1992 to 2010 to a Ulysses silt loam near Tribune, KS. From 1961 to 1991, only two P rates (0 and 20 kg P ha−1) were applied with the six N rates. During the last 19 yr, grain yield increased 20% with P alone and 103% with N alone; however, N and P applied together increased grain yields up to 225% compared to the unfertilized control. The N rate required for maximum profit at 20 and 40 kg P ha−1 averaged 172 and 180 kg N ha−1, respectively. At the economic optimum N rate of 172 kg N ha−1, apparent fertilizer nitrogen recovery in grain (AFNRg) was 44% and apparent fertilizer phosphorus recovery (AFPRg) was 63 and 44% with 20 and 40 kg P ha−1, respectively. Fifty years of irrigated corn response to N and P fertilization demonstrated a strong positive interaction between N and P on grain yield, apparent N and P recovery, and profitability.
Nitrate Reduction in a Hydrologically Restored Bottomland Hardwood Forest in the Mississippi River Watershed, Northern Louisiana
Authors: Hurst Nia , White John R. , Baustian Joseph
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas

River–floodplain connectivity is low in the Mississippi River basin.

Floodplain restoration led to an increase in NO3 reduction from river water.

Recovery of NO3 reduction was faster than other soil microbial measures.

Nitrogen loading from the Mississippi River leads to formation of water column hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico every summer. Bottomland hardwood (BLH) forests located within the Mississippi River watershed could play a crucial role in reducing NO3− loading to the Gulf of Mexico. However, much river–floodplain connectivity has been muted due to building of levees and land conversion for agriculture. Restoring floodplain–river connectivity can potentially reduce river NO3−. Mollicy Farms, a 6475‐ha BLH site in northern Louisiana, is the largest floodplain reconnection and BLH reforestation project in the Mississippi River Basin. Soil properties, including microbial measures (microbial biomass N, potentially mineralizable N, and β‐glucosidase activity) and NO3− reduction rates were compared with a control site. Nitrate reduction rates in the restored site were 28% lower than in the control site (11.8 ± 3.4 vs. 16.4 ± 8.1 mg N m−2 d−1), with the potential removal of ∼48.1 Mg of NO3–N from the Ouachita River annually. Other soil microbial measures, however, were >50% lower in the restored site compared with the control site, demonstrating that NO3− reduction has responded more quickly to hydrologic reconnection. Therefore, NO3− reduction in restored floodplain wetlands may have a relatively more rapid trajectory of recovery, allowing hydrologic reconnection to be an effective tool for enhancing NO3− reduction in the Lower Mississippi alluvial valley and reducing N flux to the coastal ocean.
Calidad biofísica y nutracéutica de frutos de tomate producido con sustratos orgánicos
Authors: Salas-Pérez Lilia , Gonzáles-Fuentes José Antonio , García-Carrillo Mario , Sifuentes-Ibarra Ernesto , Parra-Terrazas Saúl , Preciado-Rangel Pablo
Published: November 2016

La creciente inquietud de la opinión pública sobre los efectos negativos de las actividades agrícolas en el ambiente se ha provocado que la producción de cultivos se realice de una manera más sustentable, especialmente en el manejo de la fertilización. Al respecto la composta es un abono orgánico utilizado como fuente de nutrimentos y como componente de sustratos en la agricultura protegida. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes sustratos a base de composta de ganado bovino (C) mezclada con arena de río (A), sobre el rendimiento y la calidad biofísica y nutracéutica de frutos de tomate producidos bajo condiciones en invernadero. Los porcentajes de los sustratos fueron: 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 (C: A) y como control se utilizó la solución nutritiva Steiner en arena. Las variables evaluadas fueron rendimiento, peso promedio de fruto, diámetro polar y ecuatorial, espesor de pericarpio y sólidos solubles totales (calidad biofísica). La calidad nutracéutica se determinó mediante el análisis de licopeno y actividad antioxidante. El mayor rendimiento y calidad biofísica de los frutos se presentó con el uso de la solución nutritiva convencional.  En cambio, los frutos obtenidos a partir de  composta: arena 75:25 obtuvieron los valores mayores de sólidos solubles y capacidad antioxidante, 12.5 % mayor en sólidos solubles y 27 % mayor en capacidad antioxidante comparados con los  obtenidos con solución nutritiva Steiner. La combinación composta con arena para su uso como sustrato orgánico es una alternativa viable para la producción orgánica de tomate en invernadero ya que el rendimiento y la calidad son aceptables. Además; dado el potencial de uso en la agricultura organica certificada, los usuarios eventualmente podrán lograr un sobreprecio y mejorar la relación beneficio/costo, lo que proporciona una potencial comercialización competitiva para el productor, al tiempo que disminuye el uso de insumos inorgánicos con lo que se contribuye a la preservación del medio ambiente.
General Approach to the Care of the Child With Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Brown Anna M. , Austin Eric D.
Published: November 2016

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex pulmonary vascular disease of multiple etiologies, characterized by inappropriate elevation of pulmonary vascular pressure and resistance that can present at any age, including during childhood. The pharmacologic care of patients with PH has seen tremendous advances in the past 20 years, improving survival and overall quality of life for patients of all ages, although mortality remains high.1 While the care of children with PH involves the same PH-specific medicines used for adults, PH-specific drugs are employed off-label due to a lack of Federal Drug Administration approval, which adds to the complexity of administration.2 Furthermore, in addition to pharmacologic therapy, multiple other factors are involved in the care of the pediatric PH patient that require careful consideration, such as differences relating to growth and developmental stages and according to PH etiology. This review will discuss some of the highly relevant pediatric-related issues outside of traditional pharmacologic factors, with a focus on the importance of a collaborative approach to care, genetic testing, and palliative care.
Diagnostic Challenges in Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Kirkpatrick Edward C.
Published: November 2016

As with any rare disease, a low prevalence in the population is a setup for missed diagnosis. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can occur at any age during childhood and like in adults, a delay in diagnosis is common.1 Historical outcomes for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension are worse than adults, with a mean survival of 10 months after diagnosis.2 This highlights the need for accurate workup for a potential pediatric PH diagnosis. Generally the evaluation process has paralleled the adult guidelines.34 However, adult guidelines lack evidence-based support in pediatrics.5 Recently the American Heart Association and American Thoracic Society created guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pediatric PH.6 The guidelines offer a diagnostic algorithm needed to verify the diagnosis and work up potential etiologies (Figure 1). They provide the best evidence-based support for the workup and rationale involved. However, the guidelines are still hindered in that the majority of the evidence to support them is Level B (data derived from limited populations)6 (Table 1). This review will discuss some of the diagnostic challenges in pediatric PH.
Perioperative Management of Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Kameny Rebecca Johnson , Fineman Jeffrey , Adatia Ian
Published: November 2016

Perioperative management of patients with pulmonary hypertension or those at risk for increased pulmonary vascular reactivity should focus on supporting the patient through the vulnerable period of physiologic derangements surrounding surgery, including acute alterations in pulmonary blood flow, altered pulmonary endothelial function following cardiopulmonary bypass, invasive mechanical ventilation, and adaptation to new hemodynamics following correction or palliation of congenital heart disease lesions. These patients require careful attention to each step of perioperative management by teams experienced in the care of pediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension. This article will focus on preoperative evaluation, pulmonary hypertensive crises, general principles of perioperative management, and specific pulmonary vasodilator therapies.
Navigating the Road to Transplantation for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Edelman Jeffrey D.
Published: November 2016

Transplantation is an important component of treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients with severe limitations despite optimal medical therapy. Although the risks of transplantation remain significant, appropriate candidates may achieve excellent functional outcomes and long-term survival. As PAH therapy and transplantation have advanced, the approaches to transplant referral and listing have changed. This article will review criteria and thresholds for transplant referral and listing, novel approaches to expanding the pool of donor organs, options for bridging to transplantation, and the ways in which the current system for organ allocation have evolved. Knowledge of these concepts will help to ensure timely referral and navigation of the course to successful transplantation for PAH patients.
Identification of BSA B1 Bacteria and Its Potency of Purified Cellulase to Hydrolyze Chlorella zofingiensis
Authors: Janatunaim Rifqi Zahroh , Hamid Radhiyah Mardhiyah , Christy Ghea Putri , Purwestri Yekti Asih , Tunjung Woro Anindito Sri
Published: November 2016

Cellulase has been widely used as biocatalyst in industries. Production of cellulase from microorganismshas many advantages such as short production time and less expense. Our previous study indicated that oneof cellulolytic bacteria from digestive tract of milkfish (Chanos chanos), namely BSA B1, showed the highestcellulase activity. The objective of this study was to determine the phylogenetic of BSA B1 strain using 16SrRNA gene sequence. Furthermore, this study also determine the specific activity of purified cellulase from BSAB1 strain and its potency to hydrolyze Chlorella zofingiensis cellulose. Cellulase was purified using ammoniumsulphate precipitation, dialysis, and ion exchange chromatography. The purified cellulase was used to hydrolyzecellulose of C. zofingiensis. The result demonstrated that BSA B1 strain was closely related with Bacillus aeriusand Bacillus licheniformis. The specific activity of the crude enzyme was 1.543 U mL-1; after dialysis was 4.384 UmL-1; and after chromatography was 7.543 U mL-1. Purified cellulase exhibited activity in hydrolyzed both CMCand C. zofingiensis. Compared to commercial cellulase, purified cellulase had lower activity in hydrolyzed CMCbut higher activity in hydrolyzed C. zofingiensis. Ethanol dehydration could potentially increase the reducingsugar yield in cellulose hydrolysis when used appropriately. Morphology of C. zofingiensis cell has changedafter incubation with cellulases and ethanol dehydration indicated degradation of cell wall.
Chemosystematic of Enterobacteriaceae Familia Obtained from Blood Cultures Based on Total Protein Profiles
Authors: Darmawati Sri , Sembiring Langkah , Asmara Widya , Artama Wayan T. , Anwar Syaiful
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the chemosystematic of 14 strains of bacteria in blood cultures from Semarang using 1 reference strain S. typhi NCTC 786, based on the total protein profi les with the similarity relationship analysis based on Simple Matching Coeffi cient (SSM) analysis and algorithm methodof unweighted pair group with averages (UPGMA) presented in a dendrogram. The results showed that thechemosystematic based on the total protein profi les using SDS-PAGE method can classify the member ofbacterial strains of each species. The Clusters respectively consist of 4 strains of S. typhi (similarity: 89.7%),2 strains of Ser. marcescens (similarity: 89.7%), two strains of E. coli, and one strain of Salmonella ssp, S. typhi NCTC 786 (similarity: 100%). Those three incorporated clusters had the similarity value of 75.3%. Those four strains of Ent. cloacae composed in one cluster (similarity: 100%) are incorporated in a cluster consisting of one strain of Kleb. pneumoniae (similarity: 92.9%). Both clusters were incorporated in a cluster consisting of S. typhi NCTC 786 (similarity: 67.9%). Key words: Enterobacteriaceae, chemosystematic, blood cultures, protein profile
Genotyping of Rotavirus by Using RT-PCR Methods
Authors: Nirwati Hera , Wibawa Tri , Aman Abu Tholib , Soenarto Yati
Published: November 2016

There is a great diversity of rotavirus genotypes circulating worldwide, with dominant genotypes changing from year to year. Rotavirus genotyping was performed by using reverse transcription PCR with type-specifi c-primers. Since rotavirus is a RNA virus that has high mutation rate, there was a possibility of technical diffi culty in genotyping due to mutation in the primer binding sites. During Indonesian rotavirus surveillance study 2006-2009, it was reported that 17% of samples subjected for G type and 21% of samplessubjected for P type were untypeable. The objective of this study was to identify genotypes of the samples that were untypeable previously using RT-PCR based on the method described by Das et al. (1994) and Gentsch et al. (1992). There were 30 samples subjected to G type and 61 samples subjected to P type to be re-typed using method described by Gouvea et al. (1990) and Simmond et al. (2008) for G and P typing, respectively. By using another set of primer, the genotype of all samples was identifi ed. This study highlights the importance of a constant reconsideration of primer sequences employed for the molecular typing of rotaviruses. Key words: rotavirus, G typing, P typing
Cloning and Expression of hGAD65 Gene in E. Coli BL21
Authors: Rohmah Rista Nikmatu , Widyasari Soraya , Aulanni’am A. , Fatchiyah F.
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study is to construct the hGAD65 gene and to identify the hGAD65 clone by using PCR & RFLP. The samples were derived from normal person & DM patient’s blood. Blood DNA was isolated by salting out method and then amplified by PCR with a pair of specific primer, GAD65-F-BamH1-807 & GAD65-R-Xho1-945. The PCR-product was cloned into vector pET-28a and the pET28a-hGAD65-clone was transformed into E.coli BL21 competent cells. The pET28a-hGAD65-clone was confirmed by PCR and RFLP by BamH1 & XhoI. The PCR product of pET28a-hGAD65-clone was one band of 159bp and has two bands 5.3 kb and 159 bp by RFLPwith both restriction enzymes. The GAD65 protein is expressed in 65kD of pET28a-hGAD65-clone. PET28a-hGAD65-clone was able to recognize by gold standard monoclonal antibody specifically. These results indicated that the hGAD65 gene inserted into pET28a properly and provided the GAD65 protein expression. Key words: hGAD65, PCR, pET-28a, RFLP
The Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction – Restriction Fragment Polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) to Determine Genetic Diversity of Madura Cattle in Sapudi Island
Authors: Hartatik Tety , Volkandari Slamet Diah , Sumadi S. , Widodo W.
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study was to determine genetic diversity of Madura cattle using Polymerase Chain Reaction – Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the cytochrome b (cytb) gene. Samples used for the experiments were blood of 43 cattle that consist of 15 cattle obtained from Madura Island, 23 cattle from Sapudi Island, and 5 Limousin-Madura (Limura) cattle. A fragment of 464 base pair of cytb gene was amplifi ed by forward primer L14735 and reverse primer H15149. The PCR product was digested with TaqIand HinfI restriction enzymes to identify genetic patterns. Data of PCR-RFLP showed two haplotypes, that were A and B, in cattle obtained from both Madura Island and Sapudi Island. The frequencies of haplotype A and B of cattle from Sapudi Island were 69.57% and 30.47%, respectively. More diverse frequencies were observed in cattle obtained from Madura Island, where haplotype A and B were 86.67% and 13.33%, respectively. In this experiment, Limura cattle had only haplotype A. As a conclusion, PCR-RFLP of the cytb gene had been able to determine a genetic diversity of Madura cattle. Key words: Genetic diversity, Madura cattle, haplotype.
Characterization of Streptomyces spp. Producing Indole-3-acetic acid as Biostimulant Agent
Authors: De Fretes Charlie Ester , Sembiring Langkah , Purwestri Yekti Asih
Published: November 2016

Twenty six isolates of Streptomyces spp. obtained from Cyperus rotundus L. rhizosphere were tested forability to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in yeast malt extract (YM) medium containing 2 mg/mL tryptophan.Screening of the isolates for ability to produce IAA was carried out by adding Salkowski reagent in bacteriaculture and was measured quantitatively by spectrophotometer at λ 530 nm. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)method was used to determine IAA. To ensure the IAA production in Streptomyces isolates, gene involved inIAA biosynthesis was detected by amplifying Tryptophan Monooxigenase (iaaM) gene. The study of the effectof tryptophan on the production of IAA was measured at different concentrations of tryptophan (0, 1, 2, 3,4, 5 mg/mL) in the bacterial culture. The result showed that there were two Streptomyces spp. isolates whichcould produce IAA, namely the isolates of Streptomyces sp. MS1 (125.48 μg/mL) and Streptomyces sp. BR27(104.13 μg/mL). The TLC result showed that the compound in both isolates was identifi ed to be IAA. Theamplifi cation results showed that iaaM gene was detected in both isolates. This results indicated that the IAMpathway is predicted involved in the biosynthesis of IAA in the selected isolates. Both of the isolates were ableto produce IAA after 24 h incubation and the highest production was at 120 h incubation with the concentrationof tryptophan was 2 mg/mL dan 1 mg/mL, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that Streptomyces spp.isolates are able to produce IAA and potentially to be utilized as biostimulat agent. Keywords: Streptomyces spp., indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-acetamide (IAM), Tryptophan Monooxigenasegene (iaaM)
Impact of Curcuma mangga Val. Rhizome Essential Oil to p53, Bcl-2, H-Ras and Caspase-9 expression of Myeloma Cell Line
Authors: Astuti Endang , Sunarminingsih Retno , Jenie Umar Anggara , Mubarika Sofia , Sismindari S.
Published: November 2016

Cancer is a disease, a public health problem, which is found in the world as well as in Indonesia. Ingeneral, some of cancer theraphies are ineffective, characterized by the resistance performance of cancer cell line,the exposed normal cell and by the side effects. Nowadays, studies to fi nd the specifi c and safely anti-cancerdrugs were increased by the time. Several studies revealed that Curcuma mangga Val. Rhizome contains somesecondary metabolites, essential or non-essential oil, which has cytotoxic activities to the cancer cells. Basedon these anti-cancer potentials, this study has several aims to recognize anti-cancer selectivity and molecularmechanism by inducting apoptosis and inhibiting myeloma cell proliferation. To C. mangga Val. essential oil,immunocyto chemical test was performed to determine the expression of p53, caspase-9, Bcl-2, H-Ras proteinwhile TUNEL test was performed to determine the number of apoptosis cells.The results of this study shown that anti-cancer molecular mechanism of C. mangga Val. essential oil tomyeloma cell line was performed by increasing apoptosis; by increasing the expression of pro-apoptosis p53,caspase-9 protein and reducing protein which is increasing proliferation Bcl-2 and H-Ras.
Stem cell transplantations – Famicord Group own experience
Authors: Gladysz D. , Pawelec K. , Baran J. , Boruczkowski D.
Published: November 2016

The umbilical cord blood is now a renowned source of stem cells that can be used for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Because of cord blood advantages, including immediate availability and higher degree of acceptable HLA mismatch, the number of patients who received such treatment is constantly growing. The limitations of cord blood usage still exist, however laboratory and clinical trials all over the world try to overcome that barriers. Owing to international cooperation of stem cell banks, umbilical cord-derived stem cells from FamiCord Group were used in clinical trials of hematopoietic stem cell transplantations. Ten transplantations, including one autologous, took place in Poland, while the other three were carried out in Hungary. The most common indication was acute leukemia, however among children with hematologic diseases there were also patients with histiocytosis, chronic granulomatous disease or hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. Currently many scientists explore the possibilities of umbilical cord stem cell potential clinical usage with promising results.
Cell technologies in reproductology, obstetrics and gynecology
Authors: Nasadyuk C.
Published: November 2016

The review describes the current trends of the development of cell and gene technologies in obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive medicine. The strategies of allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the myeloablative treatment of germinal tumors and breast cancer are considered, as well as adoptive immunotherapy, modern approaches to the treatment of female and male infertility, and also prenatal cell and gene therapy. The problems and achievements in uterus transplantation are described, as well as the successes in the cryopreservation of reproductive cells and tissues.
Allogenic umbilical cord blood transplantation for a child with chromosomal abnormality: a case report
Authors: Kim MinYoung , Shim Jae Sun , Min Kyounghoon
Published: November 2016

A quite number of patients with global developmental delay (GDD) or mental retardation (MR) have chromosomal abnormalities. Comprehensive rehabilitation therapy helps improve the clinical functions of the patients, but there is no fundamental treatment option for GDD or MR. Umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) showed its safety and efficacy through a lot of animal studies and some clinical trials to date. Erythropoietin (EPO) is an option for adjunctive therapy when combined with cell therapy. We treated a child who had GDD and complex chromosome rearrangement with an allogenic UCBT and concurrent EPO injections, and observed clinical improvements, and confirmed the safety of the procedure.
Change of the pattern of management of the kidney transplant patients with terminal stage of chronic renal failure
Authors: Salutin R.
Published: November 2016

The review presents results of clinical use of mTOR inhibitors, in particular, everolimus, in immunosuppressive therapy regimens. It has been established that immunosuppressive therapy regimens including mTOR inhibitors are preferred in patients with high and moderate risk of graft loss.The analysis of the clinical use of mTOR inhibitors has provided evidence of the comparative incidence rate of wound complications and terms of surgical wound healing in the treatment with everolimus and the routine therapy.Results of clinical trials have evidenced that minimization of therapy with calcineurin inhibitors and switching patients to everolimus allows for improvement of remote results of the kidney transplantation both due to reduced risk of nephrotoxic effect of calcineurin inhibitors, and due to anti-tumour and antiviral effects.
Possibilities for involvement of transformed multipotent mesenchymal stem cell in sarcomogenesis as tumor-initiating cells
Authors: Mamchur A.
Published: November 2016

In recent years the concept of tumor stem cells or tumor-initiating cells has gained a wide recognition. Hence the amount of data pertaining to involvement of the latter in the sarcomogenesis increases. At the time being the properties of the tumor-initiating cells are actively studied. As has been found, they are characterized by self-renewal, high migration potential and high level of resistance to chemotherapy. The given characteristics are also analogous for the multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MMSCs) which are involved in the regeneration processes. The above-said can point to the possibility of the existence of the transformed MMSCs analogs as tumor-initiating cells. In turn, the transformed MMSCs can differ by immortal phenomenon conditioned by high level of telomerase expression, antigens set, genetic and genomic changes. As a consequence, the transformed MMSCs attain potential to form sarcoma.
Application of vanadium incorporated phosphomolybdate supported on the modified kaolinin synthesis of diphenyl carbonate by oxidative carbonylation with phenol
Authors: Peng Meng , Yang Xiaojun , Wu Jiaxiong , Yuan Hua , Yin Chaofan , Wu Yuanxin
Published: November 2016

Keggin-type molybdophosphoric acid, molybdophosphoric salt and vanadium incorporated molybdophosphoric salt supported on the modified kaolin (MK) were investigated as redox co-catalysts for the oxidative carbonylation of phenol to diphenyl carbonate (DPC) in the absence of solvent. The 20 wt.% of MnAMPV5 (one kind of vanadium incorporated molybdophosphoric salt) loaded on MK showed the highest catalytic activity with the yield of 24.68% and a TON of 306, while the selectivity amounts to nearly 100% in all the carbonylation reactions. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, XPS and H2-TPR. The reusability study showed that the catalysts were stable and active.
Effect of Leading-Edge Slats at Low Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Traub Lance , Kaula Mashaan
Published: November 2016

One of the most commonly implemented devices for stall control on wings and airfoils is a leading-edge slat. While functioning of slats at high Reynolds number is well documented, this is not the case at the low Reynolds numbers common for small unmanned aerial vehicles. Consequently, a low-speed wind tunnel investigation was undertaken to elucidate the performance of a slat at Re = 250,000. Force balance measurements accompanied by surface flow visualization images are presented. The slat extension and rotation was varied and documented. The results indicate that for small slat extensions, slat rotation is deleterious to performance, but is required for larger slat extensions for effective lift augmentation. Deployment of the slat was accompanied by a significant drag penalty due to premature localized flow separation.
Extending the Effective Ranging Depth of Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography by Spatial Frequency Domain Multiplexing
Authors: Wu Tong , Wang Qingqing , Liu Youwen , Wang Jiming , He Chongjun , Gu Xiaorong
Published: November 2016

We present a spatial frequency domain multiplexing method for extending the imaging depth range of a spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) system without any expensive device. This method uses two galvo scanners with different pivot-offset distances in two independent reference arms for spatial frequency modulation and multiplexing. The spatial frequency contents corresponding to different depth regions of the sample can be shifted to different frequency bands. The spatial frequency domain multiplexing SDOCT system provides an approximately 1.9-fold increase in the effective ranging depth compared with that of a conventional full-range SDOCT system. The reconstructed images of phantom and biological tissue demonstrate the expected increase in ranging depth. The parameters choice criterion for this method is discussed.
Fabrication of Microalloy Nitrided Layer on Low Carbon Steel by Nitriding Combined with Surface Nano-Alloying Pretreatment
Authors: Sun Jian , Yao Quantong
Published: November 2016

Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) is an effective method to accelerate the nitriding process of metallic materials. In this work, a novel technique named surface nano-alloying (SNA) was developed on the basis of surface mechanical attrition treatment, which was employed as a pretreatment for the nitriding of low carbon steel materials. The microstructure and surface properties of treated samples were investigated by SEM, XRD, TEM and the Vickers hardness test. Experimental results showed that a surface alloying layer (Cr element) of about 10–20 μm in thickness was formed on the low carbon steel sample after the surface nano-alloying treatment. After nitriding for the SNA sample, a complex compound layer composed of Fe2–3N, FeCr and Cr2N phases was fabricated. Moreover, the thickness of this compound layer was about 50 μm. Meanwhile, both the surface hardness and wear resistance of the SNA nitrided sample are better that those of the SMAT nitrided sample. This work offers a new approach for improving the nitriding process of steel materials.
Temperature-Dependent X-ray Diffraction Measurements of Infrared Superlattices Grown by MBE
Authors: Reyner Charles , Kiefer Arnold , Ariyawansa Gamini , Duran Joshua , Scheihing John
Published: November 2016

Strained-layer superlattices (SLSs) are an active research topic in the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and infrared focal plane array communities. These structures undergo a >500 K temperature change between deposition and operation. As a result, the lattice constants of the substrate and superlattice are expected to change by approximately 0.3%, and at approximately the same rate. However, we present the first temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements of SLS material on GaSb and show that the superlattice does not contract in the same manner as the substrate. In both InAs/InAs0.65Sb0.35 and In0.8Ga0.2As/InAs0.65Sb0.35 SLS structures, the apparent out-of-plane strain states of the superlattices switch from tensile at deposition to compressive at operation. These changes have ramifications for material characterization, defect generation, carrier lifetime, and overall device performance of superlattices grown by MBE.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid as a Novel Potential Source of Biomarkers Distinguishes Pubertal from Post-Pubertal Subjects
Authors: Wen Xi , Gu Yan , Chen Feng
Published: November 2016

Detection of pubertal growth peak is vital in orthodontic treatment timing and planning. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) contains abundant proteins from different sources and has been proven to be an ideal source of biomarkers. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) is an advanced technique that can detect low-molecular-weight peptides with high sensitivity and resolution. The aim of this research was to identify novel candidate biomarkers in GCF to help the diagnosis of pubertal growth peak by MALDI-TOF/MS. Results showed that the peak intensities of six peptides were significantly different between two groups: 1660.2 Da, 1783.0 Da, 2912.5 Da, 4178.6 Da, 5064.9 Da, and 6108.9 Da and are considered to be potential candidate biomarkers to identify pubertal growth peak. Further studies are needed to identify sequence information of these candidate biomarkers.
Geometry Induced by a Generalization of Rényi Divergence
Authors: De Souza David , Vigelis Rui , Cavalcante Charles
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we propose a generalization of Rényi divergence, and then we investigate its induced geometry. This generalization is given in terms of a φ-function, the same function that is used in the definition of non-parametric φ-families. The properties of φ-functions proved to be crucial in the generalization of Rényi divergence. Assuming appropriate conditions, we verify that the generalized Rényi divergence reduces, in a limiting case, to the φ-divergence. In generalized statistical manifold, the φ-divergence induces a pair of dual connections D ( − 1 ) and D ( 1 ) . We show that the family of connections D ( α ) induced by the generalization of Rényi divergence satisfies the relation D ( α ) = 1 − α 2 D ( − 1 ) + 1 + α 2 D ( 1 ) , with α ∈ [ − 1 , 1 ] .
Multivariate Generalized Multiscale Entropy Analysis
Authors: Humeau-Heurtier Anne
Published: November 2016

Multiscale entropy (MSE) was introduced in the 2000s to quantify systems’ complexity. MSE relies on (i) a coarse-graining procedure to derive a set of time series representing the system dynamics on different time scales; (ii) the computation of the sample entropy for each coarse-grained time series. A refined composite MSE (rcMSE)—based on the same steps as MSE—also exists. Compared to MSE, rcMSE increases the accuracy of entropy estimation and reduces the probability of inducing undefined entropy for short time series. The multivariate versions of MSE (MMSE) and rcMSE (MrcMSE) have also been introduced. In the coarse-graining step used in MSE, rcMSE, MMSE, and MrcMSE, the mean value is used to derive representations of the original data at different resolutions. A generalization of MSE was recently published, using the computation of different moments in the coarse-graining procedure. However, so far, this generalization only exists for univariate signals. We therefore herein propose an extension of this generalized MSE to multivariate data. The multivariate generalized algorithms of MMSE and MrcMSE presented herein (MGMSE and MGrcMSE, respectively) are first analyzed through the processing of synthetic signals. We reveal that MGrcMSE shows better performance than MGMSE for short multivariate data. We then study the performance of MGrcMSE on two sets of short multivariate electroencephalograms (EEG) available in the public domain. We report that MGrcMSE may show better performance than MrcMSE in distinguishing different types of multivariate EEG data. MGrcMSE could therefore supplement MMSE or MrcMSE in the processing of multivariate datasets.
Symplectic Entropy as a Novel Measure for Complex Systems
Authors: Lei Min , Meng Guang , Zhang Wenming , Wade Joshua , Sarkar Nilanjan
Published: November 2016

Real systems are often complex, nonlinear, and noisy in various fields, including mathematics, natural science, and social science. We present the symplectic entropy (SymEn) measure as well as an analysis method based on SymEn to estimate the nonlinearity of a complex system by analyzing the given time series. The SymEn estimation is a kind of entropy based on symplectic principal component analysis (SPCA), which represents organized but unpredictable behaviors of systems. The key to SPCA is to preserve the global submanifold geometrical properties of the systems through a symplectic transform in the phase space, which is a kind of measure-preserving transform. The ability to preserve the global geometrical characteristics makes SymEn a test statistic for the detection of the nonlinear characteristics in several typical chaotic time series, and the stochastic characteristic in Gaussian white noise. The results are in agreement with findings in the approximate entropy (ApEn), the sample entropy (SampEn), and the fuzzy entropy (FuzzyEn). Moreover, the SymEn method is also used to analyze the nonlinearities of real signals (including the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and healthy subjects, and the sound and vibration signals for mechanical systems). The results indicate that the SymEn estimation can be taken as a measure for the description of the nonlinear characteristics in the data collected from natural complex systems.