bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncovering caterpillar fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) consumption patterns and linking them to conservation interventions
Authors: He Jun , Smith‐Hall Carsten , Zhou Wen , Zhou Weijia , Wang Yunshang , Fan Ben
Published: July 2022

Wildlife trade threatens global taxa. While interest in consumer behavior is increasing, such studies are scarce, particularly for plants and fungi, around questions of consumer characteristics, preferences, and perceptions. Moreover, these factors are not often marshaled to support conservation measures effectively. To address these questions, we examined the case of Chinese caterpillar fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis[Berk.] G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel‐Jones, & Spatafora) consumers. This product is particularly interesting due to its extremely high value, economic importance to harvesters, and increasing conservation concerns. Data were generated through an online structured survey (n = 1861 consumers) and semi‐structured qualitative interviews (n = 65) across six provinces that comprise the primary market in China. We found significant regional and demographic differences in consumer characteristics, preferences for the geographical origin of the product, and limited understanding of harvester and sustainability issues. Interestingly, consumers in higher income provinces bought less frequently but spent more money with the aim of self‐consumption, compared with consumers in lower income provinces who buy more frequently, spending less, and with the intention to use purchased products as presents for family or friends. Consumer responses indicated that conservation measures can be enhanced through public information dissemination about product characteristics and linking consumers to the consequences of their consumption choices, with a particular focus on geographically differentiated information campaigns.
An intelligent edge enabled 6G‐flying ad‐hoc network ecosystem for precision agriculture
Authors: Mukherjee Amartya , Panja Ayan Kumar , Dey Nilanjan , Crespo Rubén González
Published: July 2022

Unmanned aerial vehicle based precision agriculture is a predominant research area. The modern flying ad‐hoc network leverages the advanced low latency vehicular communication and intelligent computing paradigms that help the ecosystem to grow up to the next level. In this work, we propose an ecosystem for precision agriculture that leverages the use of the opportunistic MQTT protocol in an edge‐enabled intelligent drone network for sensing and performing crop prediction using an intelligent ensemble machine learning model. The proposed approach leverages the edge computing system that requires low energy devices and also exploits the ultra‐low latency opportunistic message transfer methodology. The experimental results show the maximum of 0.9 message delivery ratio and a minimum of 600 ms latency is achieved by opportunistic MQTT protocol in an ultra‐low latency sparse network scenario. A weighted ensemble model is deployed onto the edge enabled devices or the drones. An accuracy of 96.5% is achieved in predicting the type of crops that can be grown in the soil about the selected area of interest.
Environmental reputational risk, negative media attention and financial performance
Authors: Becchetti Leonardo , Ciciretti Rocco , Hasan Iftekhar , Licata Gabriele La
Published: July 2022

Tracing negative media attention, this paper investigates the effect of reputational risk on firm value. Decomposing reputational damage into environmental, social and corporate‐governance dimensions, it reports that environmental reputational risk has the most significant negative effect on price earnings, i.e., firms exposed to environmental risk are likely to be priced at a discount or charged a higher risk premium when discounting future earnings.
Interactive effects of increased salinity and heatwaves on freshwater zooplankton communities in simultaneous and sequential treatments
Authors: Sun Xinyu , Arnott Shelley E.
Published: July 2022

Elevated lake chloride concentration has been observed in many regions, due to human activities such as mining, agriculture, and urbanisation. Meanwhile, lakes are also experiencing increasing frequency and intensity of heatwaves. The combination of elevated salinity and heatwaves has not been thoroughly studied in freshwater communities, limiting our ability to predict outcomes of future disturbances.

We conducted a mesocosm experiment to investigate the individual and interactive effects of increased salinity and heatwaves on a freshwater zooplankton community. The combined effects of the two stressors were examined in two scenarios: when they occurred simultaneously and when a heatwave was preceded by an 8‐week increase in salinity. We expected to see a synergistic effect when the two stressors were applied simultaneously, as organisms might experience energy deficiency due to physiological changes caused by salinity stress and be overwhelmed by the heat treatment. When the two stressors were applied sequentially, we expected them to act independently as the two stressors trigger different physiological responses and physiological homeostasis may have already recovered from previous salt exposure and not influence an organism's response to a subsequent stressor.

Individually, increased salinity and heatwave conditions both impaired zooplankton communities with largest effects on copepod nauplii and cladocerans. Together, these stressors caused antagonistic effects on total zooplankton abundance and biomass in both the simultaneous and sequential scenarios, with the combined effects being similar to the salt‐only effects.

Our experiment illustrates the potential for heatwaves to have hidden effects when they occur in lakes experiencing salinisation. The findings suggested that the two stressors negatively impacted some zooplankton taxonomic groups, and at the community level, they acted antagonistically such that the occurrence of a 3‐day heatwave did not cause any additional loss of abundance or biomass regardless of whether the community was exposed to the sequential or simultaneous scenario. Our findings also illustrated that even when the two stressors were decoupled in time, the community could still be influenced by a previous stressor.
Effect of modifier cation field strength on the structures of magnesium oxide containing aluminoborosilicate glasses
Authors: Tuheen Manzila Islam , Du Jincheng
Published: July 2022

Network glass structures are commonly characterized by the network formers and their linkage but modifiers can also play an important role on various features of glass structures. In this work, we investigated the effect of cation field strength (CFS) of common modifier cations with large differences of CFS on the structures of aluminoborosilicate glasses by performing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with recently developed potentials. It was found that modifier cations with higher CFS such as Mg2+ significantly reduced the fraction of fourfold coordinated boron, suggesting that the cations with higher field strength favor nonbridging oxygen generation in the silicate network and are less effective for charge compensation. The findings from our MD simulations are compared with the results from NMR and Raman spectroscopy studies in the literature as well as those from other MD simulations. Insights of the CFS effect on glass structures and the structural role of Mg2+ ions are gained from these simulations results and related discussions.
CD5L attenuates allergic airway inflammation by expanding CD11chigh alveolar macrophages and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation via HDAC2
Authors: Weng Danlin , Gao Song , Shen Hailan , Yao Shifei , Huang Qi , Zhang Yanyu , Huang Wenjie , Wang Yan , Zhang Xuemei , Yin Yibing , Xu Wenchun
Published: July 2022

Allergic asthma is an airway inflammatory disease dominated by type 2 immune responses and there is currently no curative therapy for asthma. CD5‐like antigen (CD5L) has been known to be involved in a variety of inflammatory diseases. However, the role of CD5L in allergic asthma remains unclear. In the present study, mice were treated with recombinant CD5L (rCD5L) during house dust mite (HDM) and ovalbumin (OVA) challenge to determine the role of CD5L in allergic asthma, and the underlying mechanism was further explored. Compared with PBS group, serum CD5L levels of asthmatic mice were significantly decreased, and the levels of CD5L in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were significantly increased. CD5L reduced airway inflammation and Th2 immune responses in asthmatic mice. CD5L exerted its anti‐inflammatory function by increasing CD11chigh alveolar macrophages (CD11chigh AMs), and the anti‐inflammatory role of CD11chigh AMs in allergic asthma was confirmed by CD11chigh AMs depletion and transfer assays. In addition, CD5L increased the CD5L+ macrophages and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation by increasing HDAC2 expression in lung tissues of asthmatic mice. Hence, our study implicates that CD5L has potential usefulness for asthma treatment.
Academic dishonesty and trustworthy assessment in online learning: A systematic literature review
Authors: Surahman Ence , Wang Tzu‐Hua
Published: July 2022

Background

Academic dishonesty (AD) and trustworthy assessment (TA) are fundamental issues in the context of an online assessment. However, little systematic work currently exists on how researchers have explored AD and TA issues in online assessment practice.

Objectives

Hence, this research aimed at investigating the latest findings regarding AD forms, factors affecting AD and TA, and solutions to reduce AD and increase TA to maintain the quality of online assessment.

Methods

We reviewed 52 articles in Scopus and Web of Science databases from January 2017 to April 2021 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses model as a guideline to perform a systematic literature review that included three stages, namely planning, conducting, and reporting.

Results and conclusions

Our review found that there were different forms of AD among students in online learning namely plagiarism, cheating, collusion, and using jockeys. Individual factors such as being lazy to learn, lack of ability, and poor awareness as well as situational factors including the influence of friends, the pressure of the courses, and ease of access to information were strongly associated with AD. A technology‐based approach such as using plagiarism‐checking software, multi‐artificial intelligence (AI) in a learning management system, computer adaptive tests, and online proctoring as well as pedagogical‐based approaches, such as implementing a research ethics course programme, and a re‐design assessment form such as oral‐based and dynamic assessment to reduce cheating behaviour and also sociocultural and sociotechnical adjustment related to the online assessment are reported to reduce AD and increase TA.

Implications

Educators should adjust the design of online learning and assessment methods as soon as possible. The identified gaps point towards unexplored study on AI, machine learning, learning analytics tools, and related issues of AD and TA in K12 education could motivated future work in the field.
Shifting online: 12 tips for online teaching derived from contemporary educational psychology research
Authors: Sepp Stoo , Wong Mona , Hoogerheide Vincent , Castro‐Alonso Juan Cristobal
Published: July 2022

Background

As a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic, many teachers found themselves making a rapid and often challenging shift from in‐person classroom teaching to teaching in an online environment. As teachers continue to learn about working in this new environment, research in cognitive and learning sciences, specifically findings from cognitive load theory and related areas, can provide meaningful strategies for teaching in this ‘new normal’.

Objectives

This paper describes 12 tips derived from contemporary research in educational psychology, focusing particularly on empirically supported strategies that teachers may apply in their online classroom to ensure that learning is optimized.

Implications for Practice

These strategies are generalizable across age groups and learning areas, and are categorized into one of two themes: approaches to optimize the design of online learning materials, and instructional strategies to support student learning. A discussion follows, outlining how teachers may apply these strategies in different contexts, with a brief overview of emerging efforts that aim to bridge cognitive load theory and self‐regulated learning research.
A cream containing the sap of oat plantlets and mandarin extract soothes the symptoms of rosacea and improves the quality of life of patients
Authors: Fabbrocini G. , Monteil C. Beziat , Carballido F.
Published: July 2022

Background

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease of the facial skin that affects all skin types and occurs mostly in adults. The main clinical sign of rosacea is a characteristic and persistent form of centro‐facial erythema that is prone to exacerbation and can impair quality of life (QoL). The current therapeutic approach for rosacea is to combine various treatments, use appropriate skincare products and avoid flare‐up triggers.

Objective

To evaluate the use of a facial skincare product containing protein‐free sap extruded from Rhealba® oat plantlets and mandarin extract in subjects with rosacea.

Methods

Three clinical studies were conducted in adult subjects with various rosacea phenotypes (erythematotelangiectatic or papulopustular) and treatment histories to assess the dermatological and ophthalmological tolerance of the study product, as well as its clinical effectiveness, after a twice‐daily application on the whole face and neck for up to 4 weeks.

Results

Tolerance of the product was rated as good to very good by dermatologists across the three studies, which involved a total of 105 evaluable subjects. Subjects with untreated erythematotelangiectatic rosacea reported fewer functional signs and symptoms of the disease and an improved QoL. The evaluation of skin biometric parameters revealed a reduction in transepidermal water loss, indicating that the study product helped to restore skin barrier integrity after 4 weeks, and a higher skin pH, indicating that the cutaneous microbiote was respected. Most subjects (93%) who had either undergone a superficial dermatological procedure for erythematotelangiectatic rosacea or were taking oral/topical treatments for papulopustular rosacea, rated the study product as very good (8/10) and felt it further relieved their symptoms.

Conclusion

Overall, the study product was very well tolerated and may be beneficial for subjects with rosacea as an adjunct to superficial dermatological procedures or oral/topical therapies, in line with the current recommendations for rosacea management.
Altered resting‐state functional connectivity of default mode network in brachioradial pruritus
Authors: Dehghan Nayyeri M. , Missler M. , Ritterbach R. , Sundermann B. , Wulms N. , Süer A. , Dugas M. , Pereira M.P. , Ständer S. , Schmelz M. , Pfleiderer B.
Published: July 2022

Background

Patients with chronic pruritus (CP) have a low quality of life, thus it is important to gain a better understanding of the underlying processes. Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging studies at rest (rsfMRI) have shown that mainly areas associated with the default mode network (DMN), sensorimotor (SMN), frontoparietal (FPN) and salience networks (SN) are involved in the processing of itch in patients with chronic pruritus (CP), as well as the cortico‐striatal circuit, which is involved in the motoric preparation of scratching. rsfMRI studies on functional connectivity (FC) patterns of resting‐state networks (RSNs) in patients with inflammatory atopic dermatitis (AD) or with neuropathic brachioradial pruritus (BRP) compared with healthy controls (HC) are lacking.

Objectives

The main goals of this study were to investigate whether functional connectivity within networks and areas associated with itch detection and processing are altered in patients with AD and BRP compared with matched healthy controls by rsfMRI, respectively.

Methods

Patients with AD (n = 28) and with BRP (n = 28) were compared with corresponding matched healthy controls by rsfMRI. Group‐specific RSNs were identified by independent component analysis (ICA) and between‐group differences in the RSNs were analysed by dual regression technique. Seed‐based functional connectivity was analysed in several itch‐related brain regions belonging to the DMN, SN and FPN, respectively.

Results

ICA and seed‐based analyses revealed decreased functional connectivity in BRP compared with HC specially within the DMN including the precuneus and cingulate cortex. For AD patients in comparison with HC, as well as when BRP and AD patients were compared directly, no significant FC differences at rest were seen.

Conclusions

Our findings point towards decreased FC particularly in the DMN at rest in patients with BRP. These results seem to indicate that central connectivity patterns at rest differentially encode itch in BRP and AD.
Impact on quality of life of an intervention providing additional information to patients with allergic contact dermatitis; a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mossing K. , Dizdarevic A. , Svensson Å. , Sonesson A.
Published: July 2022

Background

Allergic contact dermatitis can negatively impact an individual's daily life in terms of work and interpersonal relationships. Patch‐tested individuals show an improved quality of life (QoL).

Objectives

We aimed to assess the impact on QoL after patch testing and what value an intervention would have on QoL.

Methods

Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI) were assessed in participants with positive patch test reaction. The participants were randomized, in parallel design, into two groups that received either standard information (controls, n = 70) or a reminder letter in addition to standard information (intervention group, n = 66), ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01953380.

Results

The response rate was 74% (n = 136). The DLQI score was significantly lower 1 year after patch testing in comparison with baseline in the entire group (mean DLQI 6.3 and 4.5 respectively, 95% CI 0.93–2.72, P < 0.001). However, linear regression analyses showed no significant differences in DLQI score at follow‐up between the intervention and control groups. Neither age nor gender had impact on DLQI score.

Conclusion

There was an improvement of QoL at follow‐up in the entire group. However, the intervention performed did not show any significantly greater improvement concerning QoL. Further research is needed to understand what factors apart from patch testing and medical care may affect QoL in patients with contact dermatitis, and what interventions are needed to improve QoL.
Genome‐wide association study of dermatophytosis in the UK Biobank cohort
Authors: Lehrer S. , Rheinstein P.H.
Published: July 2022

Background

Analyses of the hereditary propensity to dermatophytosis have revealed several proven genetic relationships. They include CARD9 deficiency, HLA‐DR4 and HLA‐DR8 type and genes encoding interleukin‐22, defensin 2 and 4, and genetic defects in dectin‐1, which increased the prevalence of dermatophytosis in families and were involved in the inheritance of susceptibility in their members.

Methods

To further investigate the genetic basis of dermatophytosis, we performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of the UK Biobank cohort. To identify cases of dermatophytosis, we used ICD10 code B35, which covers Tinea barbae, Tinea capitis, Tinea unguium, Tinea manuum, Tinea pedis, Tinea corporis, Tinea imbricata, Tinea cruris, other dermatophytoses and dermatophytosis, unspecified. Data processing was performed on Minerva, a Linux mainframe with Centos 7.6, at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. We used PLINK, a whole‐genome association analysis toolset, to analyse the UKB chromosome files and the UK Biobank Data Parser (ukbb parser), a python‐based package that allows easy interfacing with the large UK Biobank dataset. We used LocusZoom for the Manhattan and q‐q plots. Other statistical analyses were done with R and SPSS 25.

Results

Genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and meta‐analysis association statistics highlighted one susceptibility locus, Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Antigen (TINAG), with genome‐wide significance for dermatophytosis. The top SNP was rs16885197, a missense variant within TINAG, position chr6:54308557, alleles A > G, minor allele frequency (MAF) 0.014. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that the minor G allele increased odds ratio of dermatophytosis by 7.8. Carrying two G alleles raised dermatophytosis odds ratio by a factor of 14.

Conclusion

More research into genetic and other predisposing factors for dermatophytosis is critical because of the implications for prophylaxis and therapy. It might be possible to prevent infection and recurrence by identifying people who are vulnerable to chronic dermatophytosis. Identifying high‐risk families would enable their members to be educated about the dangers of fungal diseases. New therapeutic techniques to target altered hormonal and immune response pathways might be created. TINAG is a prospective target that should be investigated, based on the findings of this article.
Serum autoantibody reactivity in bullous pemphigoid is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders and the use of antidiabetics and antipsychotics: a large, prospective cohort study
Authors: Dikmen H.O. , Yilmaz K. , Benoit S. , Bernard P. , Drenovska K. , Gerdes S. , Gläser R. , Günther C. , Homey B. , Horváth O.N. , Huilaja L. , Joly P. , Kiritsi D. , Meller S. , Patsatsi A. , Sárdy M. , Schauer F. , Shahid M. , Sticherling M. , Tasanen K. , Vassileva S. , Worm M. , Zillikens D. , Sadik C.D. , van Beek N. , König I.R. , Schmidt E.
Published: July 2022

Background

Bullous pemphigoid (BP), the by far most frequent autoimmune blistering skin disease (AIBD), is immunopathologically characterized by autoantibodies against the two hemidesmosomal proteins BP180 (collagen type XVII) and BP230 (BPAG1 or dystonin). Several comorbidities and potentially disease‐inducing medication have been described in BP, yet a systematic analysis of these clinically relevant findings and autoantibody reactivities has not been performed.

Objective

To determine associations of autoantibody reactivities with comorbidities and concomitant medication.

Methods

In this prospective multicenter study, 499 patients diagnosed with BP in 16 European referral centers were included. The relation between anti‐BP180 NC16A and anti‐BP230 IgG ELISA values at the time of diagnosis as well as comorbidities and concomitant medication collected by a standardized form were analysed.

Results

An association between higher serum anti‐BP180 reactivity and neuropsychiatric but not atopic and metabolic disorders was observed as well as with the use of insulin or antipsychotics but not with dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP4) inhibitors, inhibitors of platelet aggregation and L‐thyroxine. The use of DPP4 inhibitors was associated with less anti‐BP180 and anti‐BP230 reactivity compared with BP patients without these drugs. This finding was even more pronounced when compared with diabetic BP patients without DPP4 inhibitors. Associations between anti‐BP180 and anti‐BP230 reactivities were also found in patients using insulin and antipsychotics, respectively, compared with patients without this medication, but not for the use of inhibitors of platelet aggregation, and L‐thyroxine.

Conclusion

Taken together, these data imply a relation between autoantibody reactivities at the time of diagnosis and both neuropsychiatric comorbidities as well as distinct concomitant medication suggesting a link between the pathological immune mechanisms and clinical conditions that precede the clinically overt AIBD.
Strategies to engage family physicians in primary care research: A systematic review
Authors: Girard Ariane , Dugas Michèle , Lépine Johanie , Carnovale Valérie , Jalbert Laura , Turmel Audrey , Stéfan Théo , Poirier Andrée‐Anne , Mailhot Benoit , Skidmore Becky , Couturier Yves , Miller Shandi , LeBlanc Annie
Published: July 2022

Rationale

Moving towards high quality primary health care, involving family physicians in primary care research becomes an essential prerequisite to ensures a better adoption and routinization of patient‐centred, evidence‐based practices.

Aim

To assess the effectiveness of strategies to engage family physicians in primary care research.

Methods

We systematically reviewed evidence for strategies used to engage family physicians in primary care research. We included any study design that reported at least one quantitative outcome. Searches were carried out on MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Pairs of reviewers independently screened for publications in two stages using standardized forms. We performed data analysis through a narrative synthesis approach, using the Reasoned‐action approach as framework.

Results

A total of 4859 deduped records were identified of which 41 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included for analysis. The majority of studies (n = 35) investigated family physician's participation in a research project. They aimed to influence family physicians' intention (n = 7) or their ability (n = 3) to participate in a research project. Three types of strategies (compensation/incentive, recruitment by a peer and support from a research network or an academic institution) demonstrated a significant increase in participation rate. Methodological quality of the studies evaluating these strategies was relatively low. Few studies (n = 6) targeted research capacity‐building programmes with no significant impact noted.

Conclusion

Numerous strategies have been used to engage family physicians in primary care research, but few studies evaluated their effectiveness in a rigorous way.

Registration

The protocol of this review was registered with the SPOR Evidence Alliance and on the PROSPERO platform (registration number: CRD42020189322).
The RECEPTOR‐LIKE PROTEIN53 immune complex associates with LLG1 to positively regulate plant immunity
Authors: Chen Renjie , Sun Pengwei , Zhong Guitao , Wang Wei , Tang Dingzhong
Published: July 2022

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) sense ligands in pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI). Plant PRRs include numerous receptor‐like proteins (RLPs), but many RLPs remain functionally uncharacterized. Here, we examine an Arabidopsis thaliana RLP, RLP53, which positively regulates immune signaling. Our forward genetic screen for suppressors of enhanced disease resistance1 (edr1) identified a point mutation in RLP53 that fully suppresses disease resistance and mildew‐induced cell death in edr1 mutants. The rlp53 mutants showed enhanced susceptibility to virulent pathogens, including fungi, oomycetes, and bacteria, indicating that RLP53 is important for plant immunity. The ectodomain of RLP53 contains leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) motifs. RLP53 constitutively associates with the LRR receptor‐like kinase SUPPRESSOR OF BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1‐ASSOCIATED KINASE (BAK1)‐INTERACTING RECEPTOR KINASE1 (SOBIR1) and interacts with the co‐receptor BAK1 in a pathogen‐induced manner. The double mutation sobir1‐12 bak1‐5 suppresses edr1‐mediated disease resistance, suggesting that EDR1 negatively regulates PTI modulated by the RLP53–SOBIR1–BAK1 complex. Moreover, the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored protein LORELEI‐LIKE GPI‐ANCHORED PROTEIN1 (LLG1) interacts with RLP53 and mediates RLP53 accumulation in the plasma membrane. We thus uncovered the role of a novel RLP and its associated immune complex in plant defense responses and revealed a potential new mechanism underlying regulation of RLP immune function by a GPI‐anchored protein.
Starch phosphorylase 2 is essential for cellular carbohydrate partitioning in maize
Authors: Qin Yao , Xiao Ziyi , Zhao Hailiang , Wang Jing , Wang Yuanru , Qiu Fazhan
Published: July 2022

Carbohydrate partitioning is essential for plant growth and development, and its hindrance will result in excess accumulation of carbohydrates in source tissues. Most of the related mutants in maize (Zea mays L.) display impaired whole‐plant sucrose transport, but other mechanisms affecting carbohydrate partitioning have seldom been reported. Here, we characterized chlorotic leaf3 (chl3), a recessive mutation causing leaf chlorosis with starch accumulation excessively in bundle sheath chloroplasts, suggesting that chl3 is defective in carbohydrate partitioning. Positional cloning revealed that the chl3 phenotype results from a frameshift mutation in ZmPHOH, which encodes starch phosphorylase 2. Two mutants in ZmPHOH exhibited the same phenotype as chl3, and both alleles failed to complement the chl3 mutant phenotype in an allelism test. Inactivation of ZmPHOH in chl3 leaves reduced the efficiency of transitory starch conversion, resulting in increased leaf starch contents and altered carbohydrate metabolism patterns. RNA‐seq revealed the transcriptional downregulation of genes related to photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in chl3 leaves compared to the wild type. Our results demonstrate that transitory starch remobilization is very important for cellular carbohydrate partitioning in maize, in which ZmPHOH plays an indispensable role.
Centromere protein J is overexpressed in human glioblastoma and promotes cell proliferation and migration
Authors: de Freitas Gabriella P. A. , Geraldo Luiz Henrique M. , Faria Bruna M. , Alves‐Leon Soniza Vieira , de Souza Jorge Marcondes , Moura‐Neto Vivaldo , Pontes Bruno , Romão Luciana F. , Garcez Patrícia P.
Published: July 2022

Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant type of primary brain tumor. Previous studies have shown that alterations in centrosome amplification and its components are frequently found in treatment‐resistant tumors and may be associated with tumor progression. A centrosome protein essential for centrosome biogenesis is the centromere protein J (CENPJ), known to control the proliferation of neural progenitors and hepatocarcinoma cells, and also neuronal migration. However, it remains unknown the role of CENPJ in glioblastoma. Here we show that CENPJ is overexpressed in human glioblastoma cell lines in comparison to human astrocytes. Using bioinformatics analysis, we find that high Cenpj expression is associated with poor prognosis in glioma patients. Examining Cenpj loss of function in glioblastoma by siRNA transfection, we find impairments in cell proliferation and migration. Using a Cenpj mutant version with the deleted PN2‐3 or TCP domain, we found that a conserved PN2‐3 region is required for glioblastoma migration. Moreover, Cenpj downregulation modulates glioblastoma morphology resulting in microtubules stabilization and actin filaments depolymerization. Altogether, our findings indicate that CENPJ controls relevant aspects of glioblastoma progression and might be a target for therapeutic intervention and a biomarker for glioma malignancy.

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Vaping and dynamic risk construction: Toward a model of adolescentrisk‐relatedschema development
Authors: Tanner Emily C. , Tanner John F. , Vizcaino Franklin Velasco , Yang Zhiyong
Published: July 2022

Adolescents experience vulnerability because their brains are not fully developed and they have limited knowledge and experience, inhibiting their ability to assess and mitigate risks. Drawing on literature from different disciplines, this paper develops a model that illustrates the dynamic nature of information and experience acquisition and ongoing risk and benefit assessment. New concepts are created to reflect better adolescent risk‐related schema:fungibility,fog of vulnerability, andpoints of tension, all of which are useful in understanding how intentions and in‐the‐moment decisions are made in the context of vaping.
Tooth preservation vs. extraction and implant placement in periodontally compromised patients: A systematic review and analysis of studies
Authors: Sarafidou Katia , Lazaridi Ioanna , Gotsis Sotirios , Kirmanidou Yvoni , Vasilaki Dimitra , Hirayama Hiroshi , Michalakis Konstantinos
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The aim of this systematic review was to identify studies with a minimum of 5‐years follow‐up, reporting on the management of periodontally compromised teeth with either extraction and subsequent implant placement or teeth preservation with conventional periodontal treatment and application of regenerative procedures. The outcomes of these two approaches, based on clinical and radiographic data and the incidence of tooth‐ and implant‐loss, were also investigated.

Material and methods

A systematic search for studies reporting on clinical and radiographic outcomes of periodontal treatment or replacement of periodontally compromised teeth with implants was conducted in 3 electronic databases, followed by a hand‐search in 8 journals. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and case series with prospective design were included.

Results

The initial search resulted in 1080 papers. After the first two screenings, 24 publications were selected for inclusion in this systematic review. The treatment protocols for the teeth preservation group contained nonsurgical and/or surgical periodontal treatment with or without regeneration procedures. The implant studies included extraction of periodontally involved teeth and implant placement with or without bone and soft tissue augmentation, followed by restoration with fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). Survival rates ranged between 81.8% and 100% in the tooth retention group, and between 94.8% and 100% in the implant group. In the extraction group, no complications were reported for 76.09% of the implants. Similarly, no complications were reported for 86.83% of the tooth retention group. The lack of standardized comparable studies prohibited conduction of a metaanalysis.

Conclusion

Both treatment approaches, treatment of periodontally compromised teeth, or tooth extraction followed by implant placement, present high survival rates. The application of bone regeneration techniques improves the long‐term prognosis of periodontally involved teeth. Hence, treatment of periodontally involved teeth with subsequent application of a rigorous maintenance protocol can be a viable alternative for a number of years, before proceeding to extraction and replacement with dental implants. More well‐designed randomized controlled trials are needed in order to draw definite conclusions on the subject.
PSH‐C: A measure of peer sexual harassment among children
Authors: Valik Andrea , Holmqvist Gattario Kristina , Lunde Carolina , Skoog Therése
Published: July 2022

Peer sexual harassment among adolescents is a widespread problem worldwide, associated with several adverse outcomes. Although retrospective reports indicate that people's first experience of peer sexual harassment occurs before puberty, research in younger ages is still scarce and measures of peer sexual harassment developed for children are lacking. This study explores the possibility of measuring peer sexual harassment in late childhood by evaluating a new scale of developmentally informed items, the Peer Sexual Harassment Scale—Child (PSH‐C), designed to capture peer sexual harassment (i.e., victimization, perpetration, and witnessing) in late childhood (ages 10–12 years) in the school context. Self‐report surveys were distributed to 1007 fourth‐grade students in Sweden (M age = 10.0 years, SD = .3, n = 516 girls). The PSH‐C showed good psychometric properties, supporting the scale's ability to capture peer sexual harassment in late childhood. Exploratory structural equation analyses suggested a two‐factor structure which was confirmed by confirmatory factor analyses: 1) direct verbal sexual aggression, and 2) direct physical sexual harassment, verbal comments and jokes, and visual sexual harassment. The division of the structure contradicts previous studies of adolescents, possibly indicating a difference in the peer sexual harassment construct in relation to development and age.
Improving uncertainty tolerance in medical students: A scoping review
Authors: Patel Priya , Hancock Jason , Rogers Morwenna , Pollard Samuel R.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Uncertainty is an inevitable part of medical practice. An ability to tolerate uncertainty is viewed as a key competency across many health‐care systems. Poor uncertainty tolerance (UT) has been linked to negative outcomes including reduced psychological well‐being in medical students. A variety of medical education interventions have been developed with the intention of increasing medical students' UT. However, there is no synthesis of these studies available to inform education and research practice. Our aim was to conduct a scoping review of medical education interventions that evaluate their impact on UT.

Methods

Medline, PsycInfo, Embase and ERIC databases were searched for articles published from inception to December 2020. An extensive supplementary search was conducted and both quantitative and qualitative evaluations were included. For each intervention, we categorised the stimulus of uncertainty (ambiguity, complexity and/or probability) and mapped the students' reported cognitive, behavioural, and/or emotional response(s) to uncertainty onto an existing conceptual framework.

Results

Twenty‐two of 24 included studies reported a positive impact on medical student UT in at least one domain (cognitive, behavioural or emotional). Interventions included problem based learning‐based curricula, medical humanities, simulation, reflection and assessment. We found in four studies that a negative response in the emotional domain was reported despite positive responses also being reported in the cognitive and/or behavioural domains.

Conclusion

We identified a range of medical education interventions which report a positive impact on medical student UT. Further research is required to understand why a single intervention may stimulate a negative emotional response alongside a positive cognitive or behavioural response. In turn, this could support stakeholders such as policymakers and institutions to adapt the medical curriculum to better prepare their medical students for practice by enhancing their UT.
Immunohistopathology of oral mucosal chronic graft‐versus‐host disease severity and duration
Authors: Tollemar Victor , Ström Jennifer , Tudzarovski Nikolce , Häbel Henrike , Legert Karin Garming , Heymann Robert , Warfvinge Gunnar , Le Blanc Katarina , Sugars Rachael Victoria
Published: July 2022

Objective

Chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGVHD) is the main cause of late non‐relapse mortality following hematopoietic cell transplantation. Oral mucosal (om‐) cGVHD is common, but diagnosis and assessment rely on clinical interpretation and patient‐reported symptoms. We investigated immunohistopathological profiles with respect to om‐cGVHD severity disease duration.

Material and methods

Ninety‐four transplant patients and 15 healthy controls (n = 212 biopsies) were investigated by quantitative immunohistochemistry for T cells (CD4, CD8, and CD5), B cells (CD19 and CD20), macrophages (CD68), and Langerhans cells (CD1a).

Results

We found significant increases in T (CD4, CD8) and monocytic (CD68) cells in om‐cGVHD, and a notable absence of B (CD19 and CD20) cells. Histopathological activity correlated with increased CD4, CD8 and CD68. However, CD4 was associated with mild om‐cGVHD, whereas CD8 and CD68 were found to be elevated in severe om‐cGVHD. CD8 and CD68 levels were raised at disease onset, but during late phase, the predominant CD68 population was accompanied by CD4.

Conclusion

Oral cGVHD is a heterogenous clinical disorder, but our knowledge of the underlying biology remains limited. We highlight the importance of CD4, CD8 and CD68 immune profiling, together with histological grading for the staging of oral cGVHD, to broaden our understanding of the biology and individual disease course.
Relativism and Two Kinds of Branching Time
Authors: Ninan Dilip
Published: July 2022

This essay examines the case for relativism about future contingents in light of a distinction between two ways of interpreting the ‘branching time’ framework. The first step of the relativist argument is to argue for the ‘Non‐Determination Thesis’, the view that there is no unique actual future. The second step is to argue from the Non‐Determination Thesis to relativism. I show that first step of this argument fails. But despite that result, the second step is still of interest, because one might hold the Non‐Determination Thesis on alternative grounds. I then argue that whether the second step of the argument succeeds depends on how the branches in question are interpreted. If the branches are ersatz possible worlds, then the argument for relativism might go through. But if the branches are concrete parts of a ‘branching multiverse’, then the argument for relativism turns out to make implausible assumptions about the nature of personal identity over time.
CRISPR‐Cas9‐mediated mutagenesis of kiwifruit BFT genes results in an evergrowing but not early flowering phenotype
Authors: Herath Dinum , Voogd Charlotte , Mayo‐Smith Matthew , Yang Bo , Allan Andrew C. , Putterill Joanna , Varkonyi‐Gasic Erika
Published: July 2022

Phosphatidylethanolamine‐binding protein (PEBP) genes regulate flowering and architecture in many plant species. Here, we study kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis, Ac) PEBP genes with homology to BROTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (BFT). CRISPR‐Cas9 was used to target AcBFT genes in wild‐type and fast‐flowering kiwifruit backgrounds. The editing construct was designed to preferentially target AcBFT2, whose expression is elevated in dormant buds. Acbft lines displayed an evergrowing phenotype and increased branching, while control plants established winter dormancy. The evergrowing phenotype, encompassing delayed budset and advanced budbreak after defoliation, was identified in multiple independent lines with edits in both alleles of AcBFT2. RNA‐seq analyses conducted using buds from gene‐edited and control lines indicated that Acbft evergrowing plants had a transcriptome similar to that of actively growing wild‐type plants, rather than dormant controls. Mutations in both alleles of AcBFT2 did not promote flowering in wild‐type or affect flowering time, morphology and fertility in fast‐flowering transgenic kiwifruit. In summary, editing of AcBFT2 has the potential to reduce plant dormancy with no adverse effect on flowering, giving rise to cultivars better suited for a changing climate.
Drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms following nivolumab and ipilimumab in a pediatric patient with melanoma
Authors: Aljundi Nawar , Utz Petry Sarah , Moossavi Meena , Daveluy Steven
Published: July 2022

Drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) is a type of severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SCAR). DIHS typically occurs 2–6 weeks after initiation of the offending medication. We report a case of DIHS in a pediatric patient undergoing treatment of metastatic melanoma with nivolumab and ipilimumab.
The nurse as peacebuilder: Intersections of health and peace
Authors: Srof Brenda J.
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this review is to examine peacebuilding as a concept relevant to nursing practice. A historical view of Lilian Wald's contribution to public health nursing sets the stage for nursing's commitment to the ethics of social justice and responsibility to address the social determinants of health as root causes to health inequities. The interweaving of health and peace are highlighted through exploration of works from leading organizations in health and nursing, nationally and globally. Finally examples of current peacebuilding in public health nursing are highlighted.
Evaluating biodegradable alternatives to plastic mesh for small‐scale oyster reef restoration
Authors: Comba Devin , Palmer Terence A. , Breaux Natasha J. , Pollack Jennifer B.
Published: July 2022

Polyethylene plastic mesh is commonly used for containing oyster shells in small‐scale oyster reef restoration, but environmental and public health concerns have prompted investigations of biodegradable alternatives. Shallow (<0.5 m) and deep (approximately 1 m) oyster reefs (approximately 6 m2) were constructed in the Mission‐Aransas Estuary, Texas, U.S.A., in March 2020 using recycled oyster shells placed into four different replicated mesh bag types: polyethylene (plastic) and three biodegradable alternatives (cellulose, cotton, and jute). Biodegradable alternatives (cellulose, cotton, and jute) all completely degraded within 2 months of deployment, leaving piles of loose shell, while polyethylene bags remained intact. Despite rapid degradation, the biodegradable/loose shell successfully recruited and developed larger oysters (mean of 46 mm) than on the polyethylene‐bagged shell (mean of 40 mm) after 7 months, although at less than half the density. Associated motile fauna density in the bagged shell was 2.4 times higher than in the loose shell after 7 months at both the deep and shallow locations. Faunal community composition and diversity varied more with reef depth than by bag type. The total cost of using polyethylene bags was lower than for biodegradable alternatives (22–45% the cost of cellulose, 35–72% the cost of jute, 49–99% the cost of cotton). However, because our estimate of the environmental cost of polyethylene plastic mesh only included impacts on marine natural capital, the true cost is likely much higher. Despite higher costs, biodegradable alternatives can still be successful for use in small‐scale oyster restoration events without introducing plastics into the marine environment.
Earth's one‐of‐a‐kind fault: The Tanlu fault
Authors: Peng Peng , Mitchell Ross N. , Chen Yi
Published: July 2022

Large‐scale strike‐slip faulting commonly occurs in active tectonic margins, but rarely, if ever, do large faults cut deep into ancient continental nuclei known as cratons. With thick mantle roots, cratons are considered to be the most tectonically stable portions of Earth's continental lithosphere, with an eminent exception being the relatively recent destruction of North China craton. Here, we show that from 240 to 165 Ma ago the roughly coeval continental collisions of South China to the south and Mongolia to the north ruptured the Tanlu fault within the then thick North China craton. A large ~450 km displacement mechanically induced by a ~16° intracratonic rotation along the Tanlu fault reconciles the offsets of geological piercing points and palaeomagnetic data of North China on either side of the fault. Shortly after the displacement of the only large young strike‐slip cratonic fault, the cratonic lithosphere of eastern North China collapsed.
Cardiff and the contentious landscapes of postindustrial, urban, and transnational memory work
Authors: Rhodes Mark
Published: July 2022

Since Cardiff became the Welsh capital in 1955 and the subsequent referendum placed the new Welsh Assembly Government in Cardiff Bay, the city’s grasp on a Welsh national narrative has only intensified. This paper approaches the various agents of memory work around the city through a landscape analysis to better understand the processes of Welsh memory at work in Cardiff. Furthermore, it focuses on Butetown, the historically multicultural docklands community of Cardiff, and its relationship with the old urban and civic core of the city and the new developments of Cardiff Bay. Butetown fuelled the coal industry which propelled Cardiff towards the wealthy capital and colonial enclave it is today yet continues to be excluded from Welsh national narratives. Redevelopment and gentrification further squeeze Butetown into an ever-smaller core of what it once was. This research indicates that while this resilient cosmopolitan culture continues in many forms, the context of (the) capital continues to complicate Cardiff and its shifting relationship with the history and culture of Welsh identity. By employing a flexible landscape analysis towards historical and ongoing urban development, the memory at work in cultural and political urban landscapes emerges amongst broader considerations of national identity.