bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Intensity Analysis to Characterize Land Use/Cover Change in the Biggest Island of Persian Gulf, Qeshm Island, Iran
Authors: Kourosh Niya Ali , Huang Jinliang , Karimi Hazhir , Keshtkar Hamidreza , Naimi Babak
Published: August 2019

In this study, land use/cover change was systematically investigated in the Qeshm Island to understand how human and nature interact in the largest island of Persian Gulf. Land-use maps were prepared for 1996, 2002, 2008, and 2014 using Landsat satellite imagery in six classes including agriculture, bare-land, built-up, dense-vegetation, mangrove, and water-body, and then dynamic of changes in the classes was evaluated using intensity analysis at three levels: interval, category, and transition. Results illustrated that, while the land changes were fast over the first and third time intervals (1996–2002 and 2008–2014), the trend of changes was slow in the second period (2002–2008). Driven by high demand for construction and population growth, the built-up class was identified as an active gainer in all the three time intervals. The class of bare-land was the main supplier of the land for other classes especially for built-up area, while built-up did not act as the active supplier of the land for other classes. The dense-vegetation class was active in all three time intervals. As for the mangrove class, drought and cutting by residents had negative effects, while setting up protected areas can effectively maintain this valuable ecosystem. High demands were observed for land change in relation to built-up and agriculture classes among other classes. The findings of this study can advance our understanding of the relationship and behavior of land use/cover classes among each other over 18 years in a coastal island with arid climate.
Bibliometric Maps of BIM and BIM in Universities: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Chihib Mehdi , Salmerón-Manzano Esther , Novas Nuria , Manzano-Agugliaro Francisco
Published: August 2019

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is increasingly important in the architecture and engineering fields, and especially in the field of sustainability through the study of energy. This study performs a bibliometric study analysis of BIM publications based on the Scopus database during the whole period from 2003 to 2018. The aim was to establish a comparison of bibliometric maps of the building information model and BIM in universities. The analyzed data included 4307 records produced by a total of 10,636 distinct authors from 314 institutions. Engineering and computer science were found to be the main scientific fields involved in BIM research. Architectural design are the central theme keywords, followed by information theory and construction industry. The final stage of the study focuses on the detection of clusters in which global research in this field is grouped. The main clusters found were those related to the BIM cycle, including construction management, documentation and analysis, architecture and design, construction/fabrication, and operation and maintenance (related to energy or sustainability). However, the clusters of the last phases such as demolition and renovation are not present, which indicates that this field suntil needs to be further developed and researched. With regard to the evolution of research, it has been observed how information technologies have been integrated over the entire spectrum of internet of things (IoT). A final key factor in the implementation of the BIM is its inclusion in the curriculum of technical careers related to areas of construction such as civil engineering or architecture.
Overview of High Energy String Scattering Amplitudes and Symmetries of String Theory
Authors: Lee Jen-Chi , Yang Yi
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we studied symmetries of string scattering amplitudes in the high energy limits of both the fixed angle or Gross regime (GR) and the fixed momentum transfer or Regge regime (RR). We calculated high energy string scattering amplitudes (SSA) at arbitrary mass levels for both regimes. We discovered the infinite linear relations among fixed angle string amplitudes and the ifinite recurrence relations among Regge string amplitudes. The linear relations we obtained in the GR corrected the saddle point calculations by Gross, Gross and Mende. In addition, for the high energy closed string scatterings, our results differ from theirs by an oscillating prefactor which was crucial to recover the KLT relation valid for all energies. We showed that all the high energy string amplitudes can be solved using the linear or recurrence relations, so that all the string amplitudes can be expressed in terms of a single string amplitude. We further found that, at each mass level, the ratios among the fixed angle amplitudes can be extracted from the Regge string scattering amplitudes. Finally, we reviewed the recent developments on the discovery of infinite number of recurrence relations valid for all energies among Lauricella SSA. The symmetries or relations among SSA at various limits obtained previously can be exactly reproduced. It leads us to argue that the known S L ( K + 3 , C ) dynamical symmetry of the Lauricella function may be crucial to probe spacetime symmetry of string theory.
Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium perfringens Occurrence in Kazakh Honey Samples
Authors: Maikanov Balgabay , Mustafina Raikhan , Auteleyeva Laura , Wiśniewski Jan , Anusz Krzysztof , Grenda Tomasz , Kwiatek Krzysztof , Goldsztejn Magdalena , Grabczak Magdalena
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to assess occurrence of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium perfringens in honey samples from Kazakhstan. Analyses were carried out using a set of PCR methods for identification of anaerobic bacteria, and detection of toxin genes of C. botulinum and C. perfringens. Among 197 samples, C. botulinum was noticed in only one (0.5%). The isolated strain of this pathogen showed the presence of the bont/A and ntnh genes. C. perfringens strains were isolated from 18 (9%) samples, and mPCR (multiplex PCR) analysis led to them all being classified as toxin type A with the ability to produce α toxin. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA genes showed occurrence in 4 samples of other anaerobes related to C. botulinum, which were C. sporogenes and C. beijerinckii strains. C. botulinum prevalence in honey samples from Kazakhstan in comparison to the prevalence in samples collected from the other regions seems to be less. The highest prevalence of Clostridium sp. was noticed in the East Kazakhstan province. Our study is the first survey on BoNT-producing clostridia and C. perfringens prevalence in Kazakh honey.
City Data Plan: The Conceptualisation of a Policy Instrument for Data Governance in Smart Cities
Authors: Lupi Lucia
Published: August 2019

This paper presents the conceptualisation of the City Data Plan, a data governance policy instrument intended to connect the production and use of urban data in a comprehensive and evolutive long-term strategy aligned with city development goals. The concept of the City Data Plan had been elaborated by taking into account current issues related to privacy and manipulation of data in smart city. The methodological approach adopted to define the nature of a City Data Plan is grounded on the conceptual and empirical parallelism with corporate data governance plans and general urban plans, respectively aimed to regulate decision-making powers and actions on data in enterprise contexts, and the interests of local stakeholders in the access and use of urban resources. The result of this analytic process is the formulation of the outline of a City Data Plan as a data governance policy instrument to support the iterative negotiation between the instances of data producers and data users for instantiating shared smart city visions. The conceptualisation of the City Data Plan includes a description of the multi-stakeholder organisational structures for the city data governance, cooperation protocols and decision areas, responsibilities assignments, components of the plan and its implementation mechanisms.
A Comprehensive Superposition of Viral Polymerase Structures
Authors: Peersen Olve
Published: August 2019

Nucleic acid polymerases are essential enzymes that replicate the genomes of both RNA and DNA viruses. These enzymes are generally encoded by viruses themselves so as to provide biochemical functions and control elements that differ from those of the host cell polymerases. The core active site structure used by all replicative polymerases is highly conserved and composed of two key aspartate residues from the conserved motifs A and C, but beyond this there is significant divergence among structures. These differences can make it difficult to select which portions of structures to align for comparisons, yet there are extended structural similarities within different groups of viral polymerases that should clearly be considered to generate optimal alignments. This manuscript describes a comprehensive structure-based superposition of every viral polymerase structure solved thus far based on an alignment-tree approach wherein aligned regions grow in complexity as similarity among polymerases increases. The result is a set of 646 structures that have been aligned into a single common orientation. This provides a convenient resource for directly comparing viral polymerases and illustrating structural conservation among them. It also sets the stage for detailed bioinformatics analysis to further assess common structural features. The full set of protein data bank (PDB) formatted files is publicly available via the Polymerase Structures community page at the Zenodo.org open data repository.
Exploring Science–Policy Interactions in a Technical Policy Field: Climate Change and Flood Risk Management in Austria, Southern Germany, and Switzerland
Authors: Nordbeck Ralf , Löschner Lukas , Pelaez Jara Melani , Pregernig Michael
Published: August 2019

This paper analyses the science–policy interactions in the field of flood risk governance against the background of climate change. By the example of three neighbouring Alpine regions (Switzerland, Southern Germany and Austria), the study strives to shed further light on how flood risk governance regimes embrace the possible impacts of climate change. It builds on the assumption that flood risk management, as a ‘technical’ policy field, is strongly influenced by scientific evidence and that differences in how countries incorporate climate change can be explained by the way science and policy are brought together in the respective national arenas. We structure the empirical analysis along three dimensions: (i) dynamics of knowledge creation; (ii) institutionalization of the science–policy interface; and (iii) pathways of influence of expertise on policy development. We find that there is a mixed, though increasing influence of climate change on flood risk governance in the three selected Alpine regions. Climate adaptation has become an important issue of flood policy in all three study areas, and this shift has been strongly supported by evidence-based arguments.
On the Morphodynamic Alterations around Bridge Piers under the Influence of Instream Mining
Authors: Lade Abhijit D. , Deshpande Vishal , Kumar Bimlesh , Oliveto Giuseppe
Published: August 2019

Sand mining in an active alluvial channel can compromise the streambed stability of the hydraulic structures nearby. This experimental study is aimed at investigating the effects of rectangular mining pit on the morphodynamics around circular tandem piers in a movable bed. A rectangular pit is excavated upstream of two circular piers embedded in the sand-bed in a tandem arrangement. The results are then compared to a case having only the piers without any mining pit. Turbulent stresses and mean velocities in the near-bed region rise significantly at the upstream region of the piers in the presence of a pit. Also, stronger flow reversal and horseshoe vortices have been detected at the base of the pier front. Due to these alterations in the nature of turbulence, erosion of channel beds upstream of the piers, increased scour depths, scour volume, and lateral erosion of the scour hole have been observed. Dynamic evolution of the local scour at various time scales has been studied using a wavelet cross-correlation method. Spatial evolution of local scour is found to be faster when a pit is excavated in the channel. Thus, mining activities near the piers can lead to significant changes in the flow-field, causing excessive scour around piers.
Water Lifting Water: A Comprehensive Spatiotemporal Review on the Hydro-Powered Water Pumping Technologies
Authors: Intriago Zambrano Juan Carlo , Michavila Jaime , Arenas Pinilla Eva , Diehl Jan Carel , Ertsen Maurits W.
Published: August 2019

Water pumping systems driven by renewable energies are more environmentally sound and, at times, less expensive alternatives to electric- or diesel-based ones. From these, hydro-powered pumps have further advantages. Nevertheless, these seem to be largely ignored nowadays. More than 800 scientific and nonscientific documents contributed to assemble their fragmented storylines. A total of 30 pressure-based hydro-powered pumping technologies worldwide have been classified and plotted in space and time. Although these do not present identifiable patterns, some noticeable clusters appear in regions such as Europe, South–Southeast Asia, and Eastern Africa, and in timeframes around 1960–1990, respectively. Some technologies have had a global impact and interest from their beginnings until contemporary times, others have been crucial for the development of specific countries, and other ones barely had almost imperceptible lives. All of them, nonetheless, have demonstrated to be a sound alternative to conventional pumping technologies, which can be unaffordable or inaccessible, particularly in remote and off-the-grid areas. Currently, hydro-powered pumping technologies face a regained momentum, hence a potentially promising future. However, researchers, manufacturers, and users need to be aware of the importance that management systems, as well as business models, pose for these technologies beyond their mere performance.
IPEAT+: A Built-In Optimization and Automatic Calibration Tool of SWAT+
Authors: Yen Haw , Park Seonggyu , Arnold Jeffrey G. , Srinivasan Raghavan , Chawanda Celray James , Wang Ruoyu , Feng Qingyu , Wu Jingwen , Miao Chiyuan , Bieger Katrin , Daggupati Prasad , Griensven Ann van , Kalin Latif , Lee Sangchul , Sheshukov Aleksey Y. , White Michael J. , Yuan Yongping , Yeo In-Young , Zhang Minghua , Zhang Xuesong
Published: August 2019

For almost 30 years, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been successfully implemented to address issues around various scientific subjects in the world. On the other hand, it has been reaching to the limit of potential flexibility in further development by the current structure. The new generation SWAT, dubbed SWAT+, was released recently with entirely new coding features. SWAT+ is designed to have far more advanced functions and capacities to handle challenging watershed modeling tasks for hydrologic and water quality processes. However, it is still inevitable to conduct model calibration before the SWAT+ model is applied to engineering projects and research programs. The primary goal of this study is to develop an open-source, easy-to-operate automatic calibration tool for SWAT+, dubbed IPEAT+ (Integrated Parameter Estimation and Uncertainty Analysis Tool Plus). There are four major advantages: (i) Open-source code to general users; (ii) compiled and integrated directly with SWAT+ source code as a single executable; (iii) supported by the SWAT developer group; and, (iv) built with efficient optimization technique. The coupling work between IPEAT+ and SWAT+ is fairly simple, which can be conducted by users with minor efforts. IPEAT+ will be regularly updated with the latest SWAT+ revision. If users would like to integrate IPEAT+ with various versions of SWAT+, only few lines in the SWAT+ source code are required to be updated. IPEAT+ is the first automatic calibration tool integrated with SWAT+ source code. Users can take advantage of the tool to pursue more cutting-edge and forward-thinking scientific questions.
Saul the Sadducee? A Rabbinical Thought Experiment
Authors: Isbell Charles David
Published: August 2019

In keeping with talmudic tradition, this article presents a rabbinical thought experiment that questions the authenticity—indeed the very historicity—of the Apostle Paul’s Pharisaic Jewish background. By examining current interpretations of Saul’s Damascus road conversion, as well as Lukan and Pauline accounts in the New Testament, it becomes evident that there exists a striking disparity between Paul and other first century Pharisees, particularly since he took far too many liberties with his beliefs and behaviors (pre- and post-conversion) that would have set him apart from his Pharisaic contemporaries. Moreover, Luke (a non-Jew writing in a post-Sadducean world) was both an unreliable biographer and yet the primary source for claiming Paul was a Pharisee. Thus, from a Jewish perspective, it is thought-provoking to ask whether the idea of Paul as originally a Sadducee best explains these disparities. Ultimately, the thesis of this article is that interpreters should not view Paul as having followed the standard path to becoming an authentic Pharisee. In fact, Paul’s radical revision of prevailing Pharisaic exegesis suggests he was likely never a Pharisee or, at the very least, not a consistent Pharisee in the tradition of Gamaliel. The purpose of this article is to trace just how modern scholarship would change if Pauline scholars presumed that Paul was, in fact, a Sadducee instead of a Pharisee. Undoubtedly, the consequence would suggest that both Paul and Luke were world-class (albeit opportunistic) rhetoricians who used Pharisaic imagery solely to add credibility to Paul’s image and his emerging influence on the primitive church.
Development of Devices for the System of Monitoring the Strength Features of Concrete in Operated Buildings and Structures Based on the Ultrasonic Pulse Method
Authors: Serikov Ya.
Published: August 2019

Operation of buildings and structures for various purposes is accompanied by an impact on their structural elements, building materials, and a complex of negative factors. These factors include the lifespan, climatic parameters, static and dynamic loads, dustiness, air pollution, etc. Their action worsens the physico-mechanical characteristics, the structure of concrete. This reduces the reliability of structural elements, reduces the life of the construction object. In DBN V. 1.2-14-2009 «The system of ensuring the reliability and safety of construction objects» set the classification of construction objects by classes of consequences in the event of an accident. The estimated lifetimes of each type of construction objects are also determined. Extension of life is allowed only after inspection and evaluation of the technical condition of the construction object, material characteristics, through the determination of the degree of their compliance with regulatory requirements. The importance of obtaining reliable survey results requires the improvement of relevant instruments and metrology. The described developed system of monitoring of construction objects, as well as instrumentation and system based on the ultrasonic pulse method. They are designed to control the physico-mecha-nical characteristics, the structure of concrete and other building materials. The developed devices and system are characterized by increased accuracy, reliability and reliability of measurements.
Automated Device for Magnetic Control of Products of Complex Forms Made from Electrotechnical Steels
Authors: Sirenko N. , Gorkunov B. , Lvov S. , Saliba Abdel Nour
Published: August 2019

This study proposes the device for indirect measurement of magnetic induction, with the given value of magnetic field strength, in electrotechnical steel samples of complex form with application of two permeameters. The testing of enclosed form samples requires preliminary labor-intensive coiling of magnetization and measuring windings, which is not suitable for automation of express testing. Express testing of products from electrotechnical steels is usually related to the measurement of not absolute values, but the values of deviation, taking into account the sign of the selected conventional «standard» value. Therefore, for such measurements implementation it is necessary to apply methods of comparison with the measure. The most suitable for this purpose is a differential measurement method. Comparing the increase of accuracy of testing in comparison with analogues, the design of a permeameter implies coiling of the measuring winding of four sections and their placement on the magnetic circuit on both sides of the zones of contact with the controlled pro-duct.Besides that, the windings in each pair of sections are connected in series, and the pairs of coils themselves — in series in accordance. This allows to measure the voltage on the terminals of the measuring winding, which only depends on the working magnetic flux passing through the cross section of the sample. This does not take into account magnetic dispersion flows from the magnetic circuit, which are sources of errors. This constructive technique achieves one more objective — increasing the sensitivity of the permeameter, which is adjustable since its value depends on the number of turns of the measuring winding. Obtained results allow to solve the problem of automation of the routine magnetic control of products of complex form from thin-sheet electrical steel in conditions of its mass production.
Auditorías externas de calidad en radioterapia.
Authors: Pérez Romo Niurka , Chorbadjian Alonso Gabriela Paz , Rodriguez José Luis
Published: August 2019

Introducción: Las auditorías externas de calidad forman parte de las acciones que contribuyen en la garantía de calidad de los tratamientos y por ende en la protección radiológica del paciente. El ISP es el Laboratorio Nacional y de Referencia, Normalizador y Supervisor de la provisión de radioterapia, en cuanto a la calidad de los equipos y de las fuentes empleadas. Para cumplir con dichas funciones se crea el Programa de Vigilancia de los Establecimientos de Radioterapia (PVERT).Materiales y Métodos: Se emplean tres metodologías de trabajo para verificar el funcionamiento de los equipos de tratamientos: utilizando los instrumentos del ISP, dosimetría postal con dosimetría termoluminiscente (TLD), y el método de dosimetría postal con TLD y Alaninas. Durante las visitas técnicas se verifica la implementación del programa de garantía de calidad, la infraestructura técnica, el funcionamiento del sistema dosimétrico de referencia, la calibración de los haces de fotones y el cálculo y la administración de dosis en 5 campos tipos. Con la dosimetría postal se verifica la dosis en condiciones de referencia y de no referencia. Resultados: De las evaluaciones realizadas entre el 2017 y 2018, el 96,6% de los haces evaluados se encontraban dentro del rango para el control de la calibración. Además, en este periodo los resultados de la intercomparación de 18 conjuntos dosimétricos estuvieron dentro del 2%. Los resultados de la verificación del cálculo y administración de dosis para el plan tipo esfera mostraron un 95% de resultados dentro del rango de tolerancia y para los planes tipo cubo y campos posteriores un 100%. El 83% de las lecturas con TLD y el 100% de las realizadas con alaninas se encontraban en el rango de tolerancia, en las evaluaciones realizadas con el kit TLD-Alanina. ConclusionesCon la experiencia adquirida quedó demostrado que para mantener la vigilancia anual de todos los establecimientos de radioterapia, el PVERT debe utilizar ambas metodologías, visitas técnicas y dosimetría postal.
Presentación Jornadas
Authors: Jornadas Equipo
Published: August 2019

La XIV versión de las Jornadas Científicas (XIV JJ.CC), al igual que en sus versiones anteriores, es organizada por el Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISPCH) y realizada en las instalaciones del mismo, mezclando conferencias de expertos, presentaciones orales y escritas de trabajos seleccionados, y espacios  de  conversación  entre  asistentes,  expositores  y actores relevantes en materia de políticas públicas en salud. La XIV versión de las Jornadas Científicas, abarca los ejes temáticos (Tabla 1) de mayor relevancia para el periodo 2018- 2019, según representantes de cada uno de los departamentos del ISPCH: Laboratorio Biomédico Nacional y de Referencia, Salud  Ambiental,  Salud  Ocupacional,  ANAMED  (Agencia Nacional de Medicamentos), Dispositivos Médicos y Asuntos Científicos.  Adicionalmente, en respuesta al interés expresado por  diversos  participantes  de  presentar  sus  trabajos  sin encontrarse enmarcados en algunos de estos ejes, se incluyó el eje “Otros temas relacionados a Salud Pública”. La  inclusión  de  diversos  ejes  temáticos,  resalta  la importancia  de  la  diversidad,  intercambio  e  interacción  de contenido científico para la Salud Pública, más aún cuando se trata de regulación, puesta en marcha de políticas públicas, intervenciones  para  la  mejora  de  la  salud  objetiva,  salud subjetiva y calidad de vida de la población y disminución de desigualdades sociales en salud.  El presente informe tiene por objetivo describir el proceso del  Comité  Científico  (CC)  para  la  preparación  de  las  XIV JJ.CC, con especial énfasis en la evaluación de trabajos y organización de las conferencias. El  programa  fue  desarrollado  por  los  departamentos técnicos  del  ISP,  tomando  como  punto  de  referencia  el desarrollo  de  Jornadas  Científicas  anteriores,  en  pos  del constante progreso.
Percepciones sobre acceso y uso de servicios de salud mental por parte de inmigrantes en Chile, desde la perspectiva de trabajadores, autoridades e inmigrantes
Authors: Astorga-Pinto Sofia Magdalena , Cabieses Báltica , Carreño Calderon Alejandra , McIntyre Ana María
Published: August 2019

Introducción: Los migrantes internacionales presentan menos acceso y uso de los servicios de salud mental, tanto en Chile como en el mundo. Esto se puede explicar a partir de las múltiples barreras a las que se enfrentan en su atención en salud. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la percepción que tienen diversos actores respecto del acceso y uso de los servicios de salud mental por parte de los inmigrantes.  Metodología: Se realizó un análisis secundario de los datos cualitativos del estudio Fondecyt 11130042, el cual levantó información en ocho comunas de Chile, con un total de 256 participantes. Utilizando la metodología cualitativa de Estudio de Caso, se realizó un análisis temático de las entrevistas y grupos focales.Resultados: Tantos los inmigrantes, como los trabajadores de la salud y autoridades en salud reportan menor acceso y uso de los servicios de salud mental por parte de los inmigrantes, lo que presenta consecuencias en esta población. Se plantean barreras individuales y del sistema de salud que afectan el acceso a las atenciones en salud mental. Los participantes dan cuenta de iniciativas que mejoran las atenciones a la población migrante. Discusión: El acceso a salud como derecho humano presenta desafíos para los países por integrar a los migrantes internacionales al sistema de salud, especialmente al considerar el menor acceso y uso que tienen de los servicios de salud mental. En Chile los migrantes se encuentran con barreras importantes, barreras de un sistema de salud que restringe el acceso a los inmigrantes en situación irregular. Se hace necesario contar con intervenciones con enfoque de derechos humanos e interculturalidad, que mejoren el acceso a salud mental para los inmigrantes.
Salud mental de migrantes internacionales en América Latina: insuficiencia de fuentes de información poblacional
Authors: Astorga-Pinto Sofia Magdalena
Published: August 2019

La salud mental de migrantes internacionales es una temática que ha adquirido importancia en los últimos años en América Latina, sin embargo el estudio del tema a nivel poblacional y de salud pública ha recibido poca atención en la región. La predominancia de la evidencia se encuentra enfocada en grupos específicos o problemas de salud mental particulares. Esta situación se puede deber a la limitada disponibilidad de fuentes de información poblacional en América Latina que aborden tanto la salud mental como la migración internacional. En el artículo se presentan siete bases de datos que pueden ser potencialmente valiosas fuentes para estudiar el tema de la salud mental del migrantes internacionales, sin embargo todavía existen varias limitaciones y desafíos por abordar antes de poder estudiar esta temática desde la salud pública.
RIESGO DE CAÍDAS, SEGÚN ESCALAS DE BARTHEL Y MORSE, EN ADULTOS MAYORES INSTITUCIONALIZADOS, MANIZALES, COLOMBIA
Authors: Betancur Pulgarín Carmen Luisa , Ocampo José Mauricio , Marín-Medina Daniel Stiven , Ocampo-Ramirez Yuliana Paola , Castaño-Gutiérrez Jorge Iván , Moreno-Sánchez Kellyn , Montoya Avila Andres Felipe
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: Determinar el riesgo de caída según la escala de Morse (EM) y funcionalidad según el nivel de dependencia en las actividades básicas de la vida diaria (ABVD), a partir del índice de Barthel (IB), en pacientes adultos mayores (AM) institucionalizados. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte trasversal, con 130 AM residentes en el hogar de AM San Isidro de Manizales. Se contemplaron las variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y funcionales. La información se recolectó, en un instrumento resumen para consignar los datos de ambas escalas y se construyó una base de datos en Excel.  Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron mediante la herramienta STATA versión 12.0.Resultados: Puntaje medio del IB en hombres 60.36±33.69 y 63,72± 36.69 en mujeres. Puntaje promedio de la EM fue 59.11±24.83 en hombres y 59.66± 26.12 en mujeres. La EM muestra valor de alfa bajo (0.12 y 0.075), y el IB tiene valor de alfa alto (0.80, 0.90 y 0.92). La prueba Kruskal Wallis mostró relación entre el nivel de dependencia con el antecedente de caídas recientes, diagnóstico secundario, ayuda para caminar y deambulación. El análisis de regresión lineal relacionó, la necesidad de dispositivo para deambular o apoyarse en muebles con puntaje de Barthel del 52% y coeficiente negativo -28,1, lo que indica un grado de dependencia mayor cuando más se necesita de algún dispositivo que puede aumentar el riesgo de caídas. Conclusión: La escala Morse, la ABVD y el IB facilitan la valoración del riesgo de caídas, según el nivel de dependencia y antecedentes.  Se requiere profundización con otros estudios.
AGENTES CANCERÍGENOS RELEVANTES PARA LA SALUD OCUPACIONAL EN CHILE: Un aporte a la implementación nacional del sistema internacional de exposición ocupacional a cancerígenos (CAREX)
Authors: Escanilla Camus David Eduardo
Published: August 2019

Antecedentes: Hace una década la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) viene sensibilizando acerca del cáncer ocupacional, y, toda vez que las exposiciones a los agentes causales son involuntarias y se pueden anticipar, promueve su incorporación en las políticas públicas nacionales sobre cáncer, y alienta la implementación de CAREX según la realidad de cada país, para seleccionar los agentes más relevantes, identificar las poblaciones de personas expuestas, y su distribución por actividad económica.Objetivo: Identificar los agentes químicos y físicos de importancia nacional para incorporarlos a una matriz de exposición a carcinógenos ocupacionales (CAREX).Materiales y métodos: Revisión de literatura internacional y la documentación nacional de tipo oficial disponible en el país. Sobre esa base, se buscaron los agentes cancerígenos más relevantes para Chile, tomando en cuenta datos sobre su presencia, generación o utilización en diferentes procesos productivos, como evidencia de exposición ocupacional, y las posibilidades para evaluar tales exposiciones. Se consideraron exclusivamente aquellos agentes clasificados por la International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) en los grupos 1, 2A y 2B, según carcinogenicidad en humanos. A su vez, los agentes se ordenaron según mayor, mediana y menor prioridad para el país.Resultados: Se identificaron 79 agentes, los cuales fueron organizados según prioridad: i) Mayor (44); ii) Mediana (19); y iii) Menor (16).Discusión: Los agentes cancerígenos identificados están presentes en diferentes procesos productivos, mientras las exposiciones ocurren en faenas que se desarrollan en distintas actividades económicas bajo condiciones de trabajo muy diversas en todo el país. A partir de esta selección de agentes, es posible realizar estimaciones de personas expuestas, ayuda a formular programas de prevención basados en evidencias y datos obtenidos en el puesto de trabajo, y a definir áreas específicas de investigación en este ámbito.
Editorial
Authors: Cabieses Báltica
Published: August 2019

Los desplazamientos geográficos son parte inherente de la existencia humana. Hoy en día, en un mundo globalizado y complejo,el movimiento de personastiene profundas y duraderasimplicanciasen lassociedades desde donde estas personas parten y en las sociedades a las cuales estas personas llegan. La migración internacional, es decir, el desplazamiento de individuos de un país a otro con intención de asentamiento, se genera como consecuencia de procesos de estratificación internacional del trabajo, distribución desigual de la pobreza entre países, guerra y conflicto, cambio climático y diversos desastres naturales, entre otros.
Antecedentes para orientar la incorporación de un límite permisible ponderado de material particulado diésel en lugares de trabajo en Chile
Authors: Albornoz Christian , Vilasau Dominguez Rolando Eduardo
Published: August 2019

Las emisiones generadas durante el proceso de combustión de los motores diésel son una mezcla compleja de gases, vapores y de material particulado diésel (MPD), cuyo origen son partículas de carbón conocidas como hollín. Las partículas de carbón son extremadamente pequeñas (diámetro de 0,01 a 0,08 µm y aglomeradas de 0,08–1 µm). y se componen principalmente de un núcleo de carbono elemental (CE), el cual, comprende entre el 40-80% de la masa de partículas sobre la cual son adsorbidas cientos de sustancias orgánicas, algunas potencialmente dañinas para la salud (1). Más aún, considerando que el material particulado diésel (MPD) fue reconocido en 1988 como posible cancerígeno en humanos Grupo 2A (2), y como cancerígeno para humanos Grupo 1, en 2012, por la Agencia Internacional para la Investigación del Cáncer (IARC) (3).
Enfermedades parasitarias emergentes y disponibilidad de medicamentos antiparasitarios en relación al nuevo escenario de movimiento poblacional en Chile
Authors: Oyarte Galvez Marcela Del Pilar , Ogaz Pérez José , Bermúdez Forero Andrea , Oyarce Fierro Alan , Valderrama Pérez Lara , Jercic Lara María Isabel
Published: August 2019

Antecedentes: Las enfermedades transmisibles se encuentran controladas y en descenso, sin embargo, existe preocupación por la emergencia o re-emergencia de algunas, especialmente parasitarias. Movimientos poblacionales y vulnerabilidad social pueden facilitar esta emergencia/re-emergencia. Objetivo: Analizar la distribución del total de muestras confirmadas de enfermedades parasitarias emergentes (Malaria, Estrongiloidiasis, Estrongiloidiasis y Leishmaniasis) entre migrantes internacionales, viajeros y locales sin viajes, en Chile 2011-2017 e identificar la disponibilidad de medicamentos antiparasitarios en el país. Metodología: Del total de muestras confirmadas para estas enfermedades entre 2011-2017(N=134), por el Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, se determinaron los porcentajes correspondientes a migrantes internacionales, locales viajeros y locales sin viaje según características sociodemográficas, enfermedad y año, realizando comparaciones mediante test t y método exacto(F-Snedecor). Para medicamentos se revisaron sistemas de consulta de productos registrados en Chile y datos IQVIA (Ex IMS). Resultados: El 50,8% de las muestras positivascorrespondían ainmigrantesy 29,9%aviajeros Estrongiloidiasisfue diagnosticadaen todoslos grupos, pero Malariafuemás frecuenteen viajeroseinmigrantes. Durante 2011-2017 aumentó el número demuestras positivasen todoslos grupos,aunque no para todos los años. El porcentaje de muestras positivas correspondientes a inmigrantes tendió al aumento, sin diferir significativamente por años. Para el año 2018, 9 de los 13 principios activos identificados para el tratamiento de estas enfermedades, se encontraban disponibles en el mercado público. Discusión: Si bien la Malaria continúa siendo la parasitosis no endémica de mayor importancia en Chile, casos como Estrongiloidiasis o Leishmaniasis, relevantes en salud pública, no están sujetos a notificación obligatoria, pese a requerir diagnóstico oportuno y adecuado manejo. Sería de amplia utilidad complementar los resultados, distinguiendo entre inmigrantes que viajan a sus países de origen y turistas, además de profundizar en el tratamiento y sus barreras.
THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENT SELENIUM IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Authors: Zhuravlyova Larysa , Filonenko Maryna
Published: August 2019

THE ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENT SELENIUM IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE DEVELOPMENT (review)
Zhuravlyova L.V., Filonenko M.V.
Balanced levels of trace element selenium are of high importance for many of the body’s regulatory and metabolic functions. Reduction  in selenium supply in humans can lead to an increased risk of various pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases. This article considers the contemporary opinions on the role of selenium in physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system. A particular attention is payed to the effects of selenium deficiency on the development of acute coronary syndrome, including myocardial damage after ischemia/reperfusion and postinfarction remodeling of the left ventricle. Also, the intrinsic properties of selenium for inhibition of apoptosis are highlighted.
Keywords: selenium, selenoproteins, cardiovascular disease.
 
Резюме
РОЛЬ МІКРОЕЛЕМЕНТУ СЕЛЕНУ В РОЗВИТКУ СЕРЦЕВО-СУДИННИХ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ
Журавльова Л.В., Філоненко М.В.
Збалансовані рівні мікроелементу селену мають велике значення для багатьох регуляторних та метаболічних функцій організму. Зниження надходження селену в організм людини може призвести до підвищеного ризику розвитку різних патологій, включаючи серцево-судинні захворювання. В статті розглянуто сучасні погляди на роль селену в забезпеченні функціонування серцево-судинної системи. Особливої уваги приділено впливу дефіциту селену на розвиток гострого коронарного синдрому, включаючи ураження міокарда після ішемії / реперфузії та постінфарктного ремоделювання лівого шлуночка. Також виствітлено аспекти внутрішніх властивостей селену щодо інгібування апоптозу. 
Ключові слова: селен, селенопротеїни, серцево-судинні захворювання.
 
Резюме
РОЛЬ МИКРОЭЛЕМЕНТА СЕЛЕНА В РАЗВИТИИ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ
Журавлева Л.В., Филоненко М.В.
Сбалансированный уровень микроэлемента селена имеет большое значение для многих регуляторных и метаболических функций организма. Снижение поступления селена в организм может привести к увеличению риска развития различных патологий, в том числе сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. В данной статье рассмотрены современные взгляды на роль селена в обеспечении функционирования сердечно-сосудистой системы. Особое внимание уделено влиянию дефицита селена на развитие острого коронарного синдрома, включая повреждение миокарда после ишемии / реперфузии и постинфарктного ремоделирования левого желудочка. Также освещены аспекты внутренних свойств селена по ингибированию апоптоза.
Ключевые слова: селен, селенопротеины, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания.
Importancia del acceso de los registros de cáncer de base poblacional a las estadísticas vitales: barreras identificadas en Colombia
Authors: Gil Fabián , De Vries Esther , Wiesner Carolina
Published: August 2019

Los registros de cáncer de base poblacional (RCBP) son los responsables del reporte de incidencia, mortalidad y supervivencia de los pacientes con cáncer para sus respectivas poblaciones. Los RCBP del país son definidos por la legislación colombiana como fuentes de información de los registros nacionales de cáncer para adultos y niños, pero carecen de un soporte jurídico que permita el acceso a las fuentes oficiales de información nacional y enfrentan restricciones dadas por la ley para el tratamiento de datos personales que impide la transferencia de información de los registros nacionales de cáncer y todas sus fuentes hacia los RCBP. Se analizarán los problemas de acceso a la información de estadísticas vitales del país, así como las consecuencias de estas barreras de acceso para los RCBP, y se presentarán argumentos que sustenten la necesidad de que los RCBP puedan acceder a la información necesaria para poder cumplir su objetivo.
Efficient Virtual Machine Memory Transfer in Datacenter with optimal downtime
Authors: L Girish
Published: August 2019

Cloud computing is a technology which relies onsharing various computing resources instead of having localservers to handle applications. Cloud computing is driven byvirtualization technology. Virtual machines need migration fromone host to anther due to the presence of error or over loading orslowness in the current running host machine. Live Virtualmachine migration is the transfer of running virtual machinefrom one host to another without stopping the current runningtask. During this live virtual machine migration Downtime is oneof the key factors that have to be considered and assessed.Here we present detailed survey on what are the importance oflive virtual machine migration in cloud computing technologyand various techniques to reduce the downtime during livevirtual machine migration. The flow chart showing the steps usedin Pre copy approach for VM migration. And also we presentthe result of the comparison between the two virtual machinemigration environments, VMWare and Xen Server.
FEATURES OF
CHILDREN'S MORBIDITY LIVING IN AREA OF INFLUENCE ENTERPRISES FOR
ALUMINA PRODUCTION
Authors: Ustinova O.Yu. , Valina S.L. , Shtina I.E. , Kobyakova O.A. , Makarova V.G.
Published: August 2019

The article presents the study results conducted to study the level and structure of children morbidity of
preschool age living in the territories in zone of influence enterprises for metallurgical alumina
production. We obtained data indicating the formation of residential areas where the multiplicity
exceeding of MPCad on aluminum, formaldehyde, fluoride compounds, phenol, benzo (a) pyrene,
suspended matter in atmospheric air is 1.16-43.6 times and on aluminum, nickel and manganese in
drinking water is 1.25-42.2 times. We found that the content of chemical compounds (aluminum,
manganese, chromium, nickel, phenol, formaldehyde, and ion fluoride) in the biological media of children
of the observation groups was up to 4.2 times higher than those of the children of the comparison group.
The morbidity of respiratory diseases, diseases of the blood, hematopoietic organs and disorders
involving the immune mechanism, diseases of digestive, musculoskeletal and nervous systems in
children living in the area of anthropogenic influences, up to 8.0 times higher than those of children
living in the territory in the absence of enterprises influence. We proved the dependence of the
registration frequency of the revealed pathology on the concentration in biomedia of chemicals
(aluminum, copper, manganese, chromium, nickel, phenol, formaldehyde and ion fluoride), tropic to the
organs of the respiratory, digestive, nervous and musculoskeletal systems.
PREVALENCE OF OCCUPATIONAL BRONCHIAL
ASTHMA IN PERSONS EXPOSED TO AEROSOLS IN VARIOUS BRANCHES OF
INDUSTRY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN WITHIN 20 YEARS
Authors: Kabirova E.F. , Gimranova G.G. , Borisova A.I. , Bakirov A.B. , Shagalina A.U. , Abdrakhmanova E.R. , Karimov D.O. , Mukhammadieva G.F.
Published: August 2019

We conducted an analysis of occupational bronchial asthma prevalence among workers in various
economic sectors of the Republic of Bashkortostan.The most cases of occupational bronchial asthma are
registered among workers of healthcare and the provision of social services, manufacturing, production
and distribution of electricity, gas and water, etc.
Assessing area, production and return with rice varieties of NRRI, Cuttack
Authors: Pathak H , Pradhan SK , Mondal Biswajit , Jambhulkar NN , Parameswaran C , Tripathi R , Chakraborti M , Kumar GAK , Samal P , Sahu RK
Published: August 2019

The ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack in Odisha develops varieties and agro-technologies for enhancing and sustaining rice production. The Institute so far has released 133 high-yielding varieties of rice for various ecosystems. Some of the varieties have been very popular among the farmers and even became ruling varieties in some states. However, there are no reports on the area covered by NRRI varieties and its impact on incremental gain in farm income. In the present study, area covered by NRRI varieties in the country during 2017-18 was estimated based on the amount of quality seeds provided to the farmers through various ways: breeder seed indent to the DAC; breeder seed and truthfully-labeled seed supplied by the NRRI farm; participatory seed production by NRRI; seed distributed in various programmes and projects of the Institute; front-line demonstrations and on-farm testing; seed of NRRI varieties supplied by the private entrepreneurs and disseminated from farmers to farmers etc. A validation exercise was conducted to cross-check the estimated areas under NRRI varieties. The analysis showed that currently NRRI varieties cover about 8.0 million ha (Mha) i.e., 18% of rice area of the country. West Bengal has the largest area of 2.26 Mha, followed by Odisha with 2.18 Mha. Total production of rice with NRRI varieties is 27.80 million tons (Mt) with the value of Rs.48,643 crores per annum. Further, incremental production and income with NRRI varieties considering 5% more than the existing popular varieties is estimated to be 1.39 Mt and Rs.2,432 crores per annum, respectively. Over the years, indents of breeder seed (BS) of NRRI varieties have increased considerably indicating growing popularities of NRRI varieties among the farmers in different states.
Next generation phenotyping for developing climate resilient rice varieties
Authors: Sahoo Rabi N , Viswanathan C , Krishna Gopal , Das Bappa , Goel Swati , Dhandapani Raju , Kumar Sudhir , Viswakarma Chandrapal , Swain P , Dash SK
Published: August 2019

Present paper deals with different components of next generation phenomics for characterizing rice genotypes for water deficit stress. Major sensors used in the study were non-imaging hyperspectal remote sensing, thermal imaging at ground platform and RGB and multispectral imaging sensors from drone platform. Different spectral indices were evaluated along with new proposed index and different multivariate models were studied for non-invasive estimation of relative water content (RWC) and sugar content in rice plant using spectral reflectance data collected in spectral range 350 to 2500 nm. Spectral data were further used for spectral discrimination of rice genotypes. Crop water stress index derived from thermal images acquired for rice genotypes could well characterize the drought resistant and sensitive genotypes. Initial study on field phenotyping through drone remote sensing using multispectral and RGB sensor was also explored to capture differential response of genotypes, trait and heat map mapping. All developed protocols as reliable alternative to conventional methods are fast, economic and non-invasive and in use in plant phenomics centre for high throughput plant phenotyhping for water deficit stress studies.