bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peripheral venous pressure changes during exercise are associated with adverse Fontan outcomes
Authors: Colman Kathleen , Alsaied Tarek , Lubert Adam , Rossiter Harry B , Mays Wayne A , Powell Adam W , Knecht Sandra , Poe Danielle , Ollberding Nicholas , Gao Zhiqian , Chin Clifford , Veldtman Gruschen R
Published: October 2020

Objective

Elevated central venous pressure (CVP) plays an important role in the development of adverse Fontan outcomes. Peripheral venous pressure (PVP) has been validated as a surrogate for CVP in Fontan patients. We hypothesised that PVP in response to exercise will be associated with a greater prevalence of Fontan morbidity.

Methods

Adult Fontan patients had cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) with PVP monitoring in the upper extremity between 2015 and 2018. PVP at rest, during unloaded cycling and at peak exercise was compared between those with and without adverse Fontan outcomes including arrhythmia, unscheduled hospital admissions, heart failure requiring diuretics, need for reintervention and a composite outcome of the above morbidities, heart transplantation and death.

Results

Forty-six patients with a mean age at CPET of 26.9±9.5 years. During exercise, PVP increased from 13.6±3.5 mm Hg at rest, to 16.5±3.9 mm Hg during unloaded cycling, to 23.0±5.5 mm Hg at peak exercise. Unloaded and peak PVP were more strongly associated than resting PVP with all adverse outcomes, except reintervention (composite outcome: resting PVP: OR 2.8, p=0.023; unloaded PVP: OR 6.1, p=0.001; peak PVP: OR 4.0, p<0.001). Cut-offs determined using ROC curve analysis had high specificity for the composite outcome (88% unloaded PVP ≥18 mm Hg; 89% peak PVP ≥25 mm Hg).

Conclusion

Higher PVP at unloaded and peak exercise was strongly associated with a higher prevalence of adverse Fontan outcomes. Minimally invasive PVP monitoring during CPET may serve as a useful tool for risk stratifying individuals with a Fontan.
Insights from the shadows: exploring deservingness of care in the emergency department and language as a social determinant of health
Authors: Villalona Seiichi
Published: October 2020

This study addresses the existing gap in literature that ethnographically examines the experiences of Spanish-speaking patients with limited English proficiency in clinical spaces. All of the participants in this study presented to the emergency department (ED) for evaluation of non-urgent health conditions.Patient shadowingwas employed to explore the challenges that this population face in unique clinical settings like the ED. This relatively new methodology facilitates obtaining nuanced understandings of clinical contexts under study in ways that quantitative approaches and survey research do not. Drawing from the field of medical anthropology and approach of narrative medicine, the collected data are presented through the use of clinical ethnographic vignettes and thick description. The conceptual framework ofhealth-related deservingnessguided the analysis undertaken in this study.Structural stigmawas used as a complementary framework in analysing the emergent themes in the data collected. The results and analysis from this study were used to develop an argument for the consideration of language as a distinct social determinant of health.
Power loss is attenuated following a second bout of high-intensity eccentric contractions due to the repeated bout effect’s protection of rate of torque and velocity development
Authors: Hinks Avery , Hess Adam , Debenham Mathew I.B. , Chen Jackey , Mazara Nicole , Inkol Keaton A. , Cervone Daniel T. , Spriet Lawrence L. , Dalton Brian H. , Power Geoffrey A.
Published: October 2020

High-intensity unaccustomed eccentric contractions result in weakness and power loss because of fatigue and muscle damage. Through the repeated bout effect (RBE), adaptations occur, then damage and weakness are attenuated following a subsequent bout. However, it is unclear whether the RBE protects peak power output. We investigated the influence of the RBE on power production and estimated fatigue- and damage-induced neuromuscular impairments following repeated high-intensity eccentric contractions. Twelve healthy adult males performed 5 sets of 30 maximal eccentric elbow flexions and repeated an identical bout 4 weeks later. Recovery was tracked over 7 days following both bouts. Reduced maximum voluntary isometric contraction torque, and increased serum creatine kinase and self-reported soreness indirectly inferred muscle damage. Peak isotonic power, time-dependent measures — rate of velocity development (RVD) and rate of torque development (RTD) — and several electrophysiological indices of neuromuscular function were assessed. The RBE protected peak power, with a protective index of 66% 24 h after the second eccentric exercise bout. The protection of power also related to preserved RVD (R2 = 0.61, P < 0.01) and RTD (R2 = 0.39, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the RBE’s protection against muscle damage permitted the estimation of fatigue-associated neuromuscular performance decrements following eccentric exercise.

Novelty: The repeated bout effect protects peak isotonic power. Protection of peak power relates to preserved rates of torque and velocity development, but more so rate of velocity development. The repeated bout effect has little influence on indices of neuromuscular fatigue.
Existence of Metastable, Hyperchaos, Line of Equilibria and Self-Excited Attractors in a New Hyperjerk Oscillator
Authors: Rajagopal Karthikeyan , Singh Jay Prakash , Karthikeyan Anitha , Roy Binoy Krishna
Published: October 2020

In the past few years, chaotic systems with megastability have gained more attention in research. However, megastability behavior is mostly seen in chaotic systems. In this paper, a new 4D autonomous hyperjerk hyperchaotic system with megastability is reported.The new system has two modes of operation. The first mode considers one of its parameters [Formula: see text] and the second mode is [Formula: see text]. In the first mode, i.e. [Formula: see text] the proposed system exhibits self-excited attractors. But, in the second mode, i.e. [Formula: see text] the system has a line of equilibria. The new system has various dynamical behaviors. The chaotic nature of the proposed system is validated by circuit simulation using NI Multisim simulation software.
Multi-Scroll Chaotic System Model and Its Cryptographic Application
Authors: Liu Song , Wei Yaping , Liu Jingyi , Chen Shiqiang , Zhang Guoping
Published: October 2020

This paper introduces a new chaotic system model that could generate multi-direction multi-scroll (MDMS) chaotic attractors. The fundamental dynamics characteristics of this model are investigated, and the feasibility of the proposed method is confirmed by numerical simulation based on MATLAB. Additionally, the new chaotic system is implemented in FPGA-based platform. Implementation results are the same in MATLAB and FPGA, which indicates that they are suitable for practical applications. To investigate the cryptographic application of the new chaotic system, the chaotic sequences generated by the proposed system are used to encrypt images. The key space of the algorithm as well as key sensitivity, plain image sensitivity, plaintext histogram, correlation and information entropy are simulated and analyzed. In contrast to several encryption schemes, the proposed algorithm is very sensitive to plaintext and the key.
Nonlinear Dynamics of Rotating Pretwisted Cylindrical Panels Under 1:2 Internal Resonances
Authors: Niu Yan , Yao Minghui , Zhang Wei , Liu Yaze , Ma Li
Published: October 2020

This paper investigates the nonlinear vibrations of the rotating pretwisted cylindrical panel under higher-frequency primary resonance and lower-frequency primary resonance for the case of 1:2 internal resonances. An accurate strain-displacement relationship is derived by the Green strain tensor. First-order shear deformation theory and Hamilton principle are utilized to establish the partial differential governing equation of the rotating cylindrical panel. Galerkin approach is employed to obtain the two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear system, which contains coupling between linear stiffness terms of the two transverse modes. The method of multiple scales is used to obtain the modulation equations for the amplitudes and phases. Numerical simulations are performed to show amplitude-frequency responses and bifurcation behaviors of the system. Two types of numerical methods are compared to describe the amplitude-frequency responses of the system. The results show the accuracy of our proposed method. The effects of the detuning parameter, the damping coefficient and the excitation amplitude on amplitude-frequency responses and bifurcation behaviors are fully discussed.
Complex Dynamical Behavior of a Three Species Prey–Predator System with Nonlinear Harvesting
Authors: Gupta R. P. , Yadav Dinesh K.
Published: October 2020

In this manuscript, we consider an extended version of the prey–predator system with nonlinear harvesting [Gupta et al., 2015] by introducing a top predator (omnivore) which feeds on more than one trophic levels. Consideration of third species as omnivore makes the system a food web of three populations. We have guaranteed positivity as well as the boundedness of solutions of the proposed system. We observed that the presence of third species complicates the dynamical behavior of the system. It is also observed that multiple positive steady states exist for the proposed system which makes the problem more interesting compared to the similar models studied previously. Sotomayor’s theorem is being utilized to study the saddle-node bifurcation. The persistence conditions are discussed for the proposed model. The local existence of periodic solution through Hopf bifurcations is also guaranteed numerically. It is observed that the proposed model is capable to exhibit more complicated dynamics in the form of chaos in both the cases when there are unique and multiple coexisting steady states. Bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents have been drawn to ensure the existence of chaotic dynamics of the system.
Chimera States and Seizures in a Mouse Neuronal Model
Authors: Mitchell Henry M. , Dodds Peter Sheridan , Mahoney J. Matthew , Danforth Christopher M.
Published: October 2020

Chimera states — the coexistence of synchrony and asynchrony in a nonlocally-coupled network of identical oscillators — are often used as a model framework for epileptic seizures. Here, we explore the dynamics of chimera states in a network of modified Hindmarsh–Rose neurons, configured to reflect the graph of the mesoscale mouse connectome. Our model produces superficially epileptiform activity converging on persistent chimera states in a large region of a two-parameter space governing connections (a) between subcortices within a cortex and (b) between cortices. Our findings contribute to a growing body of literature suggesting mathematical models can qualitatively reproduce epileptic seizure dynamics.
The Mariner Field, Block 9/11a, UK North Sea
Authors: Silcock S. Y. , Baptie R. J. , Iheobi A. , Frost S. , Simms A. , Brettle M.
Published: October 2020

The Mariner Field is located on the East Shetland Platform in UK Block 9/11, 320 km to the NE of Aberdeen. The 9/11-1 well was drilled in 1981, discovering oil in the Paleocene Heimdal Sandstone Member and the Paleocene Maureen Formation.

The deeper Maureen Formation was deposited on a submarine slope as canyon fill, and overspill canyon sands and debrites. The Heimdal Sandstone Member was deposited above the Maureen Formation on the same inherited, but younger, submarine slope system as deep-water slope channels, and is encased within suspension-deposited Lista Formation claystones. These slope channel sands have undergone post-depositional remobilization and sand-injection processes, leading to the complex sandstone geometries identified and mapped on seismic data.

During a 36-year period, 28 exploration, appraisal and production test wells were drilled in UK Block 9/11, but only now is the field finally undergoing development. The long interval between discovery and development is due to several key issues, including the fact that development of heavy oil is technically and commercially challenging, and that the seismic imaging of the Heimdal Sandstone Member has been difficult or not possible until recently. These challenges are being overcome and the Mariner Field started producing in August 2019.
The Tolmount Field, Block 42/28d, UK North Sea
Authors: Miles A. , Allen M. , Fairweather L. , Hilton J. , Sloan H. , Zapico-Palmero P.
Published: October 2020

The Tolmount Field is a lean gas condensate accumulation located in Block 42/28d of the UK Southern North Sea. The field was discovered in 2011 by well 42/28d-12, which encountered good-quality gas-bearing reservoir sandstones of the Permian Leman Sandstone Formation. The discovery was appraised in 2013 by wells 42/28d-13 and 42/28d-13Z, which logged the gas–water contact on the eastern flank of the field. The Tolmount structure is a four-way, dip-closed, faulted anticline, orientated NW to SE. The reservoir comprises mixed aeolian dune and fluvial sheetflood facies deposited within an arid continental basin. Dune sands display the best reservoir properties with porosities around 22% and permeabilities exceeding 100 mD. Only minor diagenetic alteration has occurred, primarily in the form of grain-coating illite. Superior reservoir quality is observed at Tolmount compared to adjacent areas, due to the preservation of dune facies, a hypothesized early gas emplacement and a relatively benign burial history. Current mapped gas initially-in-place estimates for the field are between 450 bcf and 800 bcf, with an estimated recovery factor between 70 and 90%. An initial four-well development is planned, with first gas expected in 2020.
The Birgitta Field, Block 22/19a, UK North Sea
Authors: Goffey G.
Published: October 2020

Birgitta Field was discovered by well 22/19-1 which encountered a 230 ft gas–condensate column in Triassic Skagerrak Formation and tested at a combined rate of 38.3 MMscfgd and 3750 bcpd. The tilted-fault block trap forms the crest of a Triassic ‘pod’ or mini-basin formed by salt withdrawal during Triassic extension, further rotated and eroded during Jurassic extension. Field extent is supported by apparent seismic hydrocarbon indications. An early oil charge was likely converted to condensate by Plio-Pleistocene gas influx and rapid burial, whilst an underlying palaeoresidual gas column reflects some trap leakage.

Birgitta typifies certain Triassic reservoir characteristics in this part of the Central North Sea. The thick, relatively high net:gross reservoir comprises moderate to poorly sorted, sub-lithic to sub-arkosic sandstones deposited in a dryland braided fluvial system. Pore-lining chlorite overgrowths dominate the pore fabric, reducing pore throat sizes and contributing to appreciable levels of non-effective micro-porosity and hence elevated water saturation. Key petrophysical challenges are the accurate determination of effective porosity and water saturation.

Birgitta approaches high pressure–high temperature conditions and illustrates some of the challenges of progressing small, unappraised field tie-backs. These include resource uncertainty, compartmentalization risk, infrastructure access and marginal economics. Evaluated for development several times, Birgitta presently remains undeveloped.
The Glenlivet Field, Block 214/30a, UK Atlantic Margin
Authors: Clark J. , Parry C. , Rowlands M. , Tessier A. , Mazzuchelli D.
Published: October 2020

The Glenlivet Field, located in Block 214/30a within the Faroe–Shetland Basin, was put on production in August 2017. It lies approximately 70 km NW of the Shetland Islands, in a water depth of
c.
440 m. The development consists of two subsea wells that produce gas condensate from the Paleocene Vaila Formation, which comprises deep-water turbidite deposits with excellent petrophysical properties. It is part of a joint development scheme along with the Edradour Field that sees the commingled multiphase production transported to the Shetland Gas Plant via tie-back to the pre-existing Laggan–Tormore flowlines. Glenlivet is operated by Total E&P UK Ltd under the P1195 licence since September 2014 with Ineos E&P (UK) Ltd and SSE E&P UK Ltd as partners.
The Elgin, Franklin, Glenelg and West Franklin fields, Blocks 22/30b, 22/30c, 29/4d, 29/5b and 29/5c, UK North Sea
Authors: Irving A. D. , Raphael K. F. , Rennison P. M. , Lewis R. , Cruickshank C. D. , Rengifo R. A.
Published: October 2020

The Elgin, Franklin, Glenelg and West Franklin fields lie approximately 240 km (150 miles) east of Aberdeen in Blocks 22/30b, 22/30c, 29/4d, 29/5b and 29/5c of the UK Central Graben. Franklin was discovered in 1985, Elgin in 1991, Glenelg in 1999 and West Franklin in 2003. Elgin is a complex faulted anticline comprising four panels, while the others are simpler, tilted fault block structures. The main reservoir is the Upper Jurassic Fulmar Formation shoreface sandstone, although the Middle Jurassic Pentland and Triassic Skagerrak formations have also been produced on Franklin. Initial pressure was
c.
1100 bar (16 000 psi), with a reservoir temperature of around 190°C (375°F). Production wells are drilled from four wellhead platforms; all connected to a central process, utilities and quarters facility above Elgin. Gas and condensate production started in 2001 from six wells on each of Elgin and Franklin, with the plateau being extended by satellite and infill wells. The project remains the world's largest high-pressure–high-temperature development, requiring continued innovations in geoscience, drilling, completion and operations. Cumulative production at end 2017 is 886 Mboe, with estimated ultimate recovery around 1300 Mboe.
Chiswick and Kew fields, Blocks 49/4a, 49/4b, 49/4c, 49/5a and 49/5b, UK North Sea
Authors: Smit W.
Published: October 2020

The Chiswick Field is a Carboniferous gas field located in UK Blocks 49/4a and 49/4b in the Southern North Sea, approximately 18 km NW of the Markham Field, close to the UK–Netherlands median line. The Kew Field is situated approximately 3 km NE of the Chiswick Field. The Kew structure is a NW–SE-trending horst separated from the Chiswick Field, a large anticlinal domal structure, by a major NW–SE fault and a structural low. The productive reservoir units are Carboniferous (Westphalian A and B) fluvial sandstones.

Both fields are situated on the eastern edge of the Silverpit Basin (part of the Southern Permian Basin). The initial exploration drilling had Leman Sandstone Formation as the primary objective, but the first wells encountered a tight Permian reservoir with gas-bearing Carboniferous reservoirs, subsequently appraised and developed.

The current estimate for the gas initially in place of Chiswick and Kew is respectively 687 bcf and 85 bcf in the Carboniferous reservoir. The fields to date (Q4 2018) have produced respectively 220 bcf and 33 bcf sales gas. Gas recovery is through natural depletion from hydraulically fractured, horizontal development wells.
The Viking Fields, Blocks 49/11d, 49/12a, 49/16a, 49/16c, 49/17a, UK North Sea
Authors: Anston-Race S. E. , Ganesh D.
Published: October 2020

The Viking Fields were a gas development in the UK Southern North Sea,
c.
130 km east of the Lincolnshire coast in 30 m water depth and covering Blocks 49/11d, 49/12a, 49/16a, 49/16c, 49/17a. The area comprised the Viking A, B, C, D and E Fields.

The Viking Fields were discovered in 1965 and started producing in 1972. The development was in two phases from 1971 to 1994 and from 1995 to 2000; the latter phase included the ‘Phoenix development’. The fields continued to produce until September 2015. Plugging and abandonment of the Viking Field wells was complete in 2017, with final decommissioning planned for 2021.

The Viking Fields have produced 3.3 tcf of gas from the Rotliegend Group, Leman Sandstone Formation, aeolian-dominated reservoir rocks with a porosity range of 7–25% and average permeability of >100 mD. The Viking reservoirs are impacted by NE--SW De Keyser faults which often delineate and compartmentalize the reservoirs. The final recovery factor for the Viking Fields was 90%. This paper summarizes the geology, development history and performance of these legacy assets.
The Penguins Cluster, Blocks 211/13a and 211/14, UK North Sea
Authors: Thorpe D. , Porter M. , McKie T. , Ritchie L. J.
Published: October 2020

The Penguins Cluster of fields are owned jointly (50:50) by Shell UK Ltd (Shell) and Esso Exploration and Production UK Ltd (Esso), with Shell as the operator. The cluster was discovered in 1974 and is composed of a combination of oil and gas condensate accumulations located 50–65 km north of the Brent Field, at the northern end of the North Viking Graben. Two main producing reservoirs are present: the Penguins West Field (Penguin A) consists of an Upper Jurassic Magnus Sandstone Member reservoir, while the Penguins East Field (Penguin C, D and E) consists of a Middle Jurassic Brent Group reservoir, underlain by currently undeveloped Statfjord and Triassic (Cormorant) reservoirs. The Magnus reservoir is composed of turbidite sands with an average porosity of 15% and permeabilities of 0.10–300 mD. The Brent reservoirs are composed of deltaic shoreface deposits with an average porosity of 14% and permeabilities of 0.01–1000 mD.

The fields were brought on stream in 2003 as a subsea development via what at the time was the world's longest comingled tieback to the Brent Charlie facility. A total of nine producing wells have been drilled from four subsea manifolds, producing
c.
78 MMboe to date through depletion drive.
The Morag Field, Block 16/29a, UK North Sea
Authors: Gluyas J. G. , Słowakiewicz M. , Tucker M. E. , Gutteridge P.
Published: October 2020

The Morag Field is a small oilfield underlying the Maureen Field in UK Block 16/29a. Black oil is trapped within Upper Permian, Morag Member, vuggy and fractured dolomite rafts between 9300 and 10 600 ft true vertical depth subsea. The dolomite reservoir occurs at the top of a Zechstein salt dome. Morag was discovered in 1979 by well 16/29a-A1, the first platform well drilled for the overlying Maureen Field with its Paleocene sandstone reservoir. Morag was produced via a single well (16/29a-A1) between 1991 and 1994. Three more platform wells were drilled into the Permian interval prior to Maureen Field start up but only one penetrated oil-bearing dolomite (16/29a-A2). An additional well (16/29a–A23Z) was drilled into the Morag Field in 1993. The well encountered Morag Member at virgin pressure and tested oil at high flow rate but then the well failed due to mechanical problems. Oil in place was calculated to be about 24 MMbbl in four independent fault blocks. Ultimately 16/29a-A1 delivered 2.6 MMbbl from a fault block calculated to have held 6.7 MMbbl stock tank oil initially in place.
The Gryphon, Maclure, Tullich and Ballindalloch fields, Blocks 9/18b, 9/18c, 9/19a, 9/23d and 9/24e, UK North Sea
Authors: Pelletier F. , Gunn C.
Published: October 2020

The Gryphon Field was discovered in 1987 in Quadrant 9 in the Beryl Embayment. Oil was encountered in a thick Balder Formation sandstone, and the reservoir was interpreted as lobes of a submarine fan system, such as many of the prolific early Tertiary fields in the North Sea. After an extensive appraisal phase, oil production started in 1993 through the Gryphon floating production, storage and offloading vessel.

After a successful initial development phase, the integration of production data, improved and regularly acquired seismic data, and a better geological understanding resulted in the identification of sandstone intrusions. These have since been interpreted to form a volumetrically significant part of the Gryphon reservoir. The drilling of further infill wells, and the development of satellite fields Maclure, Tullich and the future Ballindalloch, ensued from this change to the geological model. To date, the Gryphon, Maclure and Tullich fields have produced more than 200 MMbbl of oil compared to an initial reserve estimate of 151 MMbbl.

Although the current and mid-term focus remains on maximizing oil production, the final phase of the wider Gryphon area fields’ development should see the production of the regional gas cap.
The Babbage Field, Block 48/2a, UK North Sea
Authors: Phipps R. M. , Tiltman C. J.
Published: October 2020

The Babbage gas field was discovered in 1988 by exploration well 48/2-2 which drilled into the Permian-age lower Leman Sandstone Formation below a salt wall. Seismic imaging is compromised by the presence of this salt wall, which runs east–west across the southern part of the structure, creating uncertainties in depth conversion and in the in-place volumes. Pre-stack depth migration with beam and reverse time migrations appropriate for the complex salt geometry provided an uplift in subsalt seismic imaging, enabling the development of the field, which is located at the northern edge of the main reservoir fairway in a mixed aeolian–fluvial setting. Advances in artificial fracturing technology were also critical to the development: in this area, deep burial is associated with the presence of pore-occluding clays, which reduce the reservoir permeability to sub-millidarcy levels. The Babbage Field was sanctioned in 2008, based on an in-place volume range of 248–582 bcf; first production was in 2010. It produces from five horizontal development wells that were artificially fracced to improve deliverability of gas from the tight matrix. None of the wells has drilled the gas–water contact, which remains a key uncertainty to the in-place volumes, along with depth-conversion uncertainty below the salt wall.
The Cavendish Field, Block 43/19, UK North Sea
Authors: Wasielka N. , Gluyas J. G. , Breese H. , Symonds R.
Published: October 2020

The Cavendish Field is located in UK Continental Shelf Block 43/19a on the northern margin of the Outer Silverpit Basin of the Southern North Sea, 87 miles (140 km) NE of the Lincolnshire coast in a water depth of 62 ft (18.9 m). The Cavendish Field is a gas field in the upper Carboniferous Namurian C (Millstone Grit Formation) and Westphalian A (Caister Coal Formation) strata. It was discovered in 1989 by Britoil-operated well 43/19-1. Production started in 2007 and ceased in 2018. Gas initially in place was 184 bcf and at end of field life 98 bcf had been produced. The field was developed by three wells drilled through the normally unmanned platform into fluvio-deltaic sandstone intervals that had sufficiently good reservoir quality to be effective reservoirs. The majority of the formation within closure comprises mudstones, siltstones and low permeability, non-reservoir-quality feldspathic sandstones. The quality of the reservoir is variable and is controlled by grain size, feldspar content and diagenesis. The field is a structural trap, sealed by a combination of intra-Carboniferous mudstones and a thick sequence of Permian mudstones and evaporites.
The Breagh Field, Blocks 42/12a, 42/13a and 42/8a, UK North Sea
Authors: Nwachukwu C. M. , Barnett Z. , Gluyas J. G.
Published: October 2020

The Breagh Field is in UK Blocks 42/12a, 42/13a and 42/8a. It is a gas field with multiple reservoir intervals within sandstones of the Early Carboniferous Yoredale Formation (equivalent to the Middle Limestone Formation within the Yoredale Group onshore). It was the first and is presently the only field developed within these sandstones, offshore UK. Breagh was discovered in 1997 by well 42/13-2 and proved by development well 42/13a-A1. Its crest is at 7110 ft TVDSS (true vertical depth subsea), marked by the unconformity between the base Zechstein and the subcropping Yoredale Formation. It has a free water level at 7690 ft TVDSS, a maximum column height of 510 ft and a field extent of 94 km
2
. Breagh was developed using ten wells from a 12 slot normally unattended platform; five of the wells have been stimulated by hydraulic fractures with proppant injection. The unprocessed gas flows through a 110 km 20-inch diameter pipeline to the Teesside Gas Processing Plant. Production started in 2013, reached a peak rate of 150 MMscfgd in 2014 and, by the end of 2018, had produced 140 bcf. The field is operated by INEOS Oil and Gas UK Ltd (70%) with partner ONE-Dyas B.V. (30%).
The Catcher, Varadero and Burgman fields, Block 28/9a, UK North Sea
Authors: Gibson Matthew , Riley Dominic , Kenyon-Roberts Stephen , Opata Jacob , Beck Andy , Nguyen Cuong , Martin Tom
Published: October 2020

The Catcher area fields – Catcher, Varadero and Burgman – were discovered in the Central North Sea between 2010 and 2011. The three fields are found in Block 28/9a. Oil is produced from Eocene sandstones stratigraphically equivalent to the Cromarty and Tay Sandstone members of the Sele and Horda formations, respectively. The reservoir for the Catcher area fields was formed by the large-scale injection of sand from the Eocene Cromarty turbidite system into shallower Sele and Horda Formation mudstones to form the Greater Catcher area injectite complex. The Catcher area development is a floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) based development, with 18 production and injection wells drilled from two drilling templates per field, tied back to the centrally located BW Offshore Catcher FPSO. A further development well will be drilled in 2020 to complete the base development. A phased approach to development drilling, with focused data acquisition, allowed the well layout and count to be optimized as the fields were being developed. Excellent well results have meant that the well count has been reduced relative to the development plans at sanction while delivering an increase in predicted reserves. Further infill wells and satellite field development drilling is planned for the future.
The Culzean Field, Block 22/25a, UK North Sea
Authors: Nygaard Jeppe , Caulfield Michael , Gooder Robert , Chedburn Duncan
Published: October 2020

The Culzean Field is situated 240 km east of Aberdeen in Block 22/25a. The field was discovered in 2008 by well 22/25a-9Z targeting a tilted fault block, encountering lean-gas condensate in the fluvial Triassic Skagerrak (Joanne Sandstone Member) and the Jurassic Pentland formations. The field is high-pressure–high-temperature (HPHT) with initial conditions of 936 Bar (13 575 psi), 176°C (348°F) and charged with a lean-gas condensate. Development of the field was sanctioned in 2015 and is the latest UK HPHT field to be developed with start-up in mid-2019. The field development plan comprises production from six development wells drilled from a wellhead platform with bridge connections to a central process platform with accommodation on an additional bridge-linked utilities and living quarters platform. Gas is exported to shore via the Central Area Transmission System pipeline and produced condensate is exported via the floating storage and offloading vessel ‘Ailsa’. Production is expected to reach a plateau production rate in the order of 100 000 boepd with an overall recovery of up to 300 MMboe.
The Schiehallion and Loyal fields, Blocks 204/20, 204/25a, 204/25b, 205/16 and 205/21b, UK Atlantic Margin
Authors: Ward M. V. , Primmer T. , Laws E. , Macgregor K. , Harpley T. , Ronald A. , Scott J.
Published: October 2020

The Schiehallion subsea development comprises two fields, Schiehallion and Loyal, which are located approximately 200 km to the west of the Shetland Islands in the UK Continental Shelf. The Schiehallion and Loyal fields were discovered in late 1993 and 1994, respectively, with a combined oil-in-place of more than 2.3 Bbbl. The fields are developed under waterflood and were on production from 1998 to 2013. After an extended shut-in, the fields were brought back on line in 2017, through new floating production facilities.

Most of the production to date has been from the Paleocene Vaila Formation deep-water turbidite, in the T31 and T34 reservoir intervals. The ongoing Quad 204 redevelopment drilling programme commenced in April 2015, has drilled and completed 21 wells to date, and is expected to continue for several more years. The campaign includes new producer–injector pairs and stand-alone wells to support existing well stock, targeting stacked turbidite reservoir intervals, including the youngest T35–T34 interval, the main T31 interval and the previously under-developed T28–T25 fairway.

In addition to an active drilling programme, a 4D seismic survey was acquired and processed in 2018, and its interpretation is key to unlocking further potential sources of value in this mature field.
The Solan Field, Block 205/26a, UK Atlantic Margin
Authors: Horsfall P.
Published: October 2020

The Solan Field is a Jurassic reservoired oil accumulation located in Block 205/26a in the East Solan Basin, West of Shetland. The field was discovered in 1991 by the 205/26a-4 well which encountered oil in the Kimmeridgian to Early Volgian age Solan Sandstone and appraised between 1992 and 2009 by four wells and four sidetracks. Premier Oil farmed into Licence P.164 in 2011 and became operator.

The reservoir, which is up to 100 ft thick, is a basin-floor turbidite sequence and is informally subdivided into a thick and good quality Upper Solan sandstone unit and a thinner, poorer quality, Lower Solan sandstone unit, separated by the laterally extensive Middle Solan unit. Whilst the reservoir sandstones are relatively clean (texturally and compositionally mature) and laterally extensive, sub-seismic structural and stratigraphic complexity resulted in a challenging field development.

The field development to date comprises four subsea wells (two oil producers and two water injectors) tied back to a small jacket and topsides with an innovative subsea oil storage tank. Oil export is via shuttle tanker. First oil was achieved in April 2016. The field oil in place volume is in the range of 55–85 MMbbl.
The Carrack Field, Blocks 49/14b, 49/15a and 49/15b, UK North Sea
Authors: Rieu R. , Porter R. J.
Published: October 2020

The Carrack Field, located in the Southern North Sea Blocks 49/14b and 49/15a, has of the order or 15 bcm (530 bcf) gas initially in place and is operated by Shell UK Ltd. The field consists of a pop-up structure in the south of the field and extends to the north with a gently-dipping monoclinal structure. The reservoir comprises sandstones of the Permian Silverpit and Leman Sandstone formations, which contain
c.
85% of the in-place resources. The quality of the reservoir decreases rapidly to the north. Gas is also produced from Carboniferous sandstones of late Duckmantian (Westphalian B)–Bolsovian (Westphalian C) age.

Initially, the field was in pressure communication both laterally and vertically with a single gas–water contact. During production time, however, the three main fault blocks behaved independently, and decimetre-thick shale intervals acted as vertical baffles between the sandstone units.

The Carrack Field has been in production since 2003 and is developed by a single platform with seven mainly deviated wells. The current production rate is
c.
0.7 MMm
3
/day (25 MMscfgd). Until the end of field life in the 2030s, the field is expected to produce gas of the order of a few bcm. The main remaining opportunity is the undeveloped Carrack West compartment.
The (Potential) Role of Technology for Young Children’s Social-Emotional Learning
Authors: Goagoses Naska , Winschiers-Theophilus Heike , Chamunorwa Michael Bosomefi
Published: October 2020

In an effort to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, various public health measures have been implemented worldwide. In most countries, preschools and kindergartens closed down, visiting playgrounds and other public spaces was prohibited, and social-distancing was enforced. These measures resulted in severe changes in the day-to-day lives of children in age groups 3 to 8, with social interactions being limited almost exclusively to the immediate family. We present a commentary to explore the potential role of technology and government in promoting social-emotional learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. A focus on technology that promotes appropriate social and physical experiences for young children is necessary, and we hope that our thoughts and selected examples can provide new insights for key stakeholders.
Editors’ Choice—Review—Impedance Response of Porous Electrodes: Theoretical Framework, Physical Models and Applications
Authors: Huang Jun , Gao Yu , Luo Jin , Wang Shangshang , Li Chenkun , Chen Shengli , Zhang Jianbo
Published: October 2020

Porous electrodes are prevalent in electrochemical devices. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is widely used as a noninvasive, in situ characterization tool to investigate multi-phase (electronic, ionic, gaseous) transport and coupling interfacial reactions in porous electrodes. Interpretation of EIS data needs model and fitting which largely determine the type and amount of information that could possibly be obtained, and thereby the efficacy of the EIS method. This review focuses on physics-based models, as such models, compared to electrical circuit models, are more fundamental in our understanding of the porous electrodes, hence more reliable and more informative. Readers can have a glimpse of the long history of porous electrode theory and in particular its impedance variants, acquaint themselves with the celebrated de Levie model and a general theoretical framework, retrace the journey of extending the de Levie model in three directions, namely, incorporating new physico-chemical processes, treating new structural effects, and considering high orders. Afterwards, a wealth of impedance models developed for lithium-ion batteries and polymer electrolyte fuel cells are introduced. Prospects on remaining and emerging issues on impedance modelling of porous electrodes are presented. When introducing theoretical models, we adopt a “hands-on” approach by providing substantial mathematical details and even computation codes in some cases. Such an approach not only enables readers to understand the assumptions and applicability of the models, but also acquaint them with mathematical techniques involved in impedance modelling, which are instructive for developing their own models.
IUPS Physiology Education Workshop series in India: organizational mechanics, outcomes, and lessons
Authors: Chandran Dinu S. , Muthukrishnan Suriya Prakash , Barman Susan M. , Peltonen Liisa M. , Ghosh Sarmishtha , Sharma Renuka , Bhattacharjee Manasi , Rathore Bharti Bhandari , Carroll Robert G. , Sengupta Jayasree , Chan Julie Y. H. , Ghosh Debabrata
Published: October 2020

Active learning promotes the capacity of problem solving and decision making among learners. Teachers who apply instructional processes toward active participation of learners help their students develop higher order thinking skills. Due to the recent paradigm shift toward adopting competency-based curricula in the education of healthcare professionals in India, there is an emergent need for physiology instructors to be trained in active-learning methodologies and to acquire abilities to promote these curriculum changes. To address these issues, a series of International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS) workshops on physiology education techniques in four apex centers in India was organized in November 2018 and November 2019. The “hands-on” workshops presented the methodologies of case-based learning, problem-based learning, and flipped classroom; the participants were teachers of basic sciences and human and veterinary medicine. The workshop series facilitated capacity building and creation of a national network of physiology instructors interested in promoting active-learning techniques. The workshops were followed by a brainstorming meeting held to assess the outcomes. The aim of this report is to provide a model for implementing a coordinated series of workshops to support national curriculum change and to identify the organizational elements essential for conducting an effective Physiology Education workshop. The essential elements include a highly motivated core organizing team, constant dialogue between core organizing and local organizing committees, a sufficient time frame for planning and execution of the event, and opportunities to engage students at host institutions in workshop activities.
Alamandine improves cardiac remodeling induced by transverse aortic constriction in mice
Authors: Silva Mário Morais , de Souza-Neto Fernando Pedro , Jesus Itamar Couto Guedes de , Gonçalves Gleisy Kelly , Santuchi Melissa de Carvalho , Sanches Bruno de Lima , de Alcântara-Leonídio Thaís Cristina , Melo Marcos Barrouin , Vieira Maria Aparecida Ribeiro , Guatimosim Silvia , Santos Robson Augusto Souza , da Silva Rafaela Fernandes
Published: October 2020

Alamandine is the newest identified component of the renin-angiotensin system protective arm. Considering the beneficial effects already described so far, alamandine is a promising target for cardiovascular disease treatment. We demonstrated for the first time that alamandine improves many aspects of cardiac remodeling induced by pressure overload, including cell hypertrophy, fibrosis, and oxidative stress markers.
Cardiac perturbations after high-intensity exercise are attenuated in middle-aged compared with young endurance athletes: diminished stress or depleted stimuli?
Authors: Balmain Bryce N. , Sabapathy Surendran , Yamada Akira , Shiino Kenji , Chan Jonathan , Haseler Luke J. , Kavanagh Justin J. , Morris Norman R. , Stewart Glenn M.
Published: October 2020

High-intensity endurance exercise elicits acute cardiac imbalances that may be an important stimulus for adaptive cardiac remodeling. This study highlights that following a bout of high-intensity exercise that is typical of routine day-to-day cycling training, exercise-induced autonomic, biochemical, and functional cardiac imbalances are attenuated in middle-aged relative to young well-trained cyclists. These findings suggest that aging may alter exercise-induced stress stimulus response that initiates cardiac remodeling in Athlete’s Heart.
Consistent Total Traction Torque-Oriented Coordinated Control of Multimotors with Input Saturation for Heavy-Haul Locomotives
Authors: Zhang Changfan , Zhang Qian , He Jing , Liu Jianhua , Yang Xingxing , Mao Songan
Published: October 2020

In the coordinated control of multiple motors for heavy-haul locomotives, the input value for a motor often exceeds its maximum allowable input value, resulting in the saturation problem. A traction total-amount coordinated tracking control (TACTC) strategy is proposed to address the input saturation of heavy-haul locomotives driven by multiple motors. This strategy reduces control input and suppresses input saturation. First, a multimotor traction model with uncertain parameter perturbations and external disturbances was established. Next, a sliding-mode disturbance observer (SMDO) was designed to reduce the sliding-mode switching gain, thereby decreasing the control input. An auxiliary anti-windup (AW) system was used to weaken the effect of input saturation on tracking performance. Then, the observed value and auxiliary state were fed back to the sliding-mode controller to design a TACTC protocol and ensure that the total amount of traction torque follows the desired traction characteristic curve. Finally, the Matlab/Simulink simulation and RT-Lab semiphysical experiment results show that the proposed strategy can effectively suppress the input saturation problem of multimotor coordinated control.
Comparative Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Injections Combined with Paclitaxel Plus Cisplatin for Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Cancer: A Multidimensional Bayesian Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ni Mengwei , Wang Haojia , Wang Miaomiao , Zhou Wei , Wu Jiarui , Sun Bin , Zhang Qianqian , Fan Xiaotian , Zhang Dan , Jing Zhiwei , Zhang Jingyuan , Liu Xinkui , Liu Shuyu , Meng Ziqi , Guo Siyu , Jia Shanshan , Zhang Xiaomeng , Sheng Xiaoguang
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Considering the limitations of pure paclitaxel plus cisplatin chemotherapy in the treatment of non‐small‐cell lung cancer and the extensive exploration of Chinese herbal injections, this study performed a multidimensional network meta‐analysis to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of 12 Chinese herbal injections in the treatment of non‐small‐cell lung cancer. Methods. Randomized controlled trials were obtained from several databases according to the eligibility criteria, and the study quality was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Data analysis was performed by Stata 13.1 software and WinBUGS 14.0 software. Multidimensional cluster analysis was performed with the “scatterplot3d” package in R 3.6.1 software (PROSPERO ID: CRD42020163503). Results. A total of 58 eligible randomized controlled trials involving 4578 patients and 12 Chinese herbal injections were included. Combined with paclitaxel plus cisplatin chemotherapy, Xiaoaiping injection exhibited a better impact on the clinical effective rate than paclitaxel plus cisplatin alone. Shenqifuzheng injection was associated with a preferable response in performance status and reduced leukopenia and gastrointestinal reactions. Kangai injection was dominant in the comprehensive results of the cluster analysis. Conclusions. Chinese herbal injections combined with paclitaxel plus cisplatin chemotherapy have a certain adjuvant effect in treating non‐small‐cell lung cancer, but the results of this study need to be verified by more well‐designed, large‐sample, multicenter randomized controlled trials.
Effects of Nanomaterials on the Body Composition of Patients with Dyslipidemia Based on Different Strength Sports Equipment
Authors: Liu Xiang , Ma Guoquan
Published: October 2020

Relevant studies have shown that the use of sports equipment for exercise can regulate the body composition of patients, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the metabolism of blood lipids in the body. Based on this, this article takes patients with dyslipidemia as the research object and explores the changes in their body composition and shape using different strength sports equipment made of nanomaterials during sports rehabilitation training. In this study, 200 patients with dyslipidemia were selected as experimental subjects in the form of interviews and questionnaires. According to the type of exercise, they were divided into 56 men in the men’s running group, 56 men in the men’s spinning group, 44 women in the women’s running group, and 44 women in the women’s spinning group. 12 weeks of incremental exercise training were carried out. The results of the experiment found that after the end of the 12-week exercise training, the body composition of the subjects in each group changed significantly (

P
<
0.05

). The changes in the male and female spinning group were more obvious than those in the running group, and the weight of the male spinning group, waist circumference, and hip circumference decreased by 2.3%, 3%, and 3.5% and those of women’s spinning group decreased by 3.1%, 3.4%, and 3.9%. In addition, blood lipids in each group also changed significantly (

P
<
0.05

); there is a significant statistical difference. Through a return visit two years after the end of the experiment, it was found that most of the subjects had symptoms of discomfort, indicating that the nanomaterials have a certain negative impact on the human body.