bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual Arts in the Vernacular Settlements: Aesthetic Values and Significance of Beliefs in the Komburongo Ritual Tool in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Kindoyop Salbiah , On Low Kok
Published: October 2024

Komburongo is a ritual tool used by the Kadazan Dusun people in Sabah, Malaysia. Besides the komburongo rhizome, these tools feature various decorations, including wooden fruits, animal fangs, animal horns, beads, shells, small bells, coins, fabric or red thread, and small bottles. This paper examines the aesthetic values of the komburongo ritual tool and how its decorative materials relate to the beliefs of the Kadazan Dusun. The central research question is whether the decorative materials of the komburongo ritual tool are believed to possess mystical powers. This fieldbased study gathered qualitative data through in-depth and focus group interviews with knowledgeable informants from Kadazan Dusun vernacular settlements in Membakut, Tuaran, Kota Belud, Ranau, Kota Marudu, and
Pitas in Sabah. Additional data came from observing different komburongo ritual tools and reviewing related secondary published materials. The analysis revealed that while some decorative materials are believed to have mystical powers, others do not. In addition to enhancing the tool as a visually appealing art piece based on the makers’ creativity, some materials are rooted in Kadazan Dusun beliefs that they possess spiritual power, thereby augmenting the mystical significance of the komburongo ritual tool. Conversely, other materials serve solely to beautify the tool. This study
underscores the importance of decorations both as a visual art form and in reflecting the ancestral beliefs of the Kadazan Dusun.
The concept of appeal in pre-trial criminal proceedings
Authors: Andrukh Vitalii
Published: October 2024

The aim of the work is to define the concept of appeal in pre-trial criminal proceedings.
The methodological basis of the study is a combination of general scientific and special methods of cognition. In particular, to define the concept of appeal in pre-trial criminal proceedings, the author uses the method of legal comparative’s (comparison of approaches to understanding appeal in pre-trial criminal proceedings), hermeneutics (interpretation of the legal provisions regulating the mechanism of appeal in pre-trial criminal proceedings) and the systemic and structural method (consideration of appeal in pre-trial criminal proceedings as a complex legal phenomenon).
Results. The article is devoted to the study of certain issues that arise when interpreting the concept of appeal in pre-trial criminal proceedings, taking into account the norms of criminal procedural legislation and the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. It is emphasized that the institution of appeal is of leading importance precisely during the pre-trial investigation, since within this stage the use of procedural coercion measures prevails, limiting the constitutional rights and freedoms of a person. It has been established that the prosecutor’s review of the legality and reasonableness of the decisions, actions and inactions of the inquirer, the investigator is a “quasi-appeal”, because the prosecutor as the main subject of the prosecution cannot remain independent and impartial.
Conclusions. An appeal in pre-trial criminal proceedings is a procedure of judicial review of the legality and validity of decisions, actions and inactions of the prosecution and decisions of investigating judges initiated by interested participants in pre-trial criminal proceedings or other interested persons in order to ensure procedural rights, protection of material rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of a person in criminal proceedings, stipulated by the provisions of the criminal procedural legislation and/or the content of the principles of criminal justice.
The idea of the rule of law in the views of Andri Tchaikovsky
Authors: Polishchuk Olexandr , Kelbya Stella
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this research is to study the idea of the rule of law in the views of the prominent Ukrainian lawyer, social and political activist Andri Tchaikovsky. Based on the study of his educational, scientific-journalistic and political-legal activities, the views and participation of the activist in the struggle of the Ukrainian people for their rights, which were constantly violated by the local Polish administration, are shown. It has been proven that A. Tchaikovsky, due to his legal education and legal practice, had the necessary qualifications to provide legal assistance to the Ukrainian population, thereby restoring trust and respect for the law. It is advisable to consider the lawyer’s views on the system of the rule of law in two planes, where the first relates to the formation, which took place through scientific and journalistic activity, and the second – through the implementation of practical activities. The methodological basis of the research is a system of general scientific and special legal methods that provide a comprehensive consideration of the idea of the rule of law in the views of A. Tchaikovsky. With the help of historical-legal, systemic-structural, comparative-legal and formal-legal methods, the researched question was considered in the statics and dynamics of its development, the logic and sequence of the processes of formation and development of A. Tchaikovsky’s views were properly reproduced. The results. The main forms of reflection of A. Tchaikovsky’s views were his practical activity, which manifested itself through his advocacy, as a result of which was the provision of legal assistance to the population, often on a free basis, active social activity through collective and individual discussions, speeches at rallies and popular veche, as well as the creative heritage of the figure, a significant amount of which is written on a wide source base and reveals the conceptual issues of the researched issues. Conclusions. Investigation the idea of the rule of law in the views of A. Tchaikovsky gives reasons to state the significant role of the lawyer in the sphere of protection of the rights and freedoms of the population. His legal orientations and life position contributed to raising the Ukrainian national question to the public and provided an opportunity to develop the legal foundations of the native people’s struggle for self-determination, to develop legal mechanisms in the field of protecting their rights and freedoms.
Strategic partnership with the EU in Ukraine’s reconstruction
Authors: Kostiuchenko Yaroslav
Published: October 2024

The article examines the significance of Ukraine’s strategic partnership with the European Union in the context of post-war reconstruction. Since russia’s full-scale aggression against Ukraine began, reconstruction has become a top priority for both the Ukrainian government and the international community, including the EU. As a reliable partner, the European Union plays a crucial role in providing financial, technical, and political support to rebuild infrastructure, stimulate economic growth, and strengthen state institutions.
The article highlights the necessity of close cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in implementing reforms aimed at strengthening the rule of law, improving governance, combating corruption, and promoting de-oligarchization. It also addresses the challenges Ukraine faces in integrating into European structures, particularly in meeting EU membership criteria.
Additionally, the article explores the prospects for economic cooperation between Ukraine and the EU within the framework of the DCFTA, focusing on the EU’s role in ensuring Ukraine’s financial stability and energy security. Particular attention is given to the potential for modernizing Ukraine’s industry and agriculture to align with EU standards, as well as the need to attract international investment for the country’s successful reconstruction.
In conclusion, the article underscores that a strategic partnership with the European Union is vital for Ukraine’s successful recovery and integration into the European community, which will foster sustainable economic growth and enhance the quality of life for Ukrainian citizens.
Visibility and safety of vehicle traffic in the dark (current reality, future projections)
Authors: Bakutin Yevhen
Published: October 2024

In the problem of traffic safety, a special place is occupied by the issues of visibility of the road situation. The driver of a car has to solve with constant tension perhaps the most difficult visual tasks that a modern person faces in various situations of everyday, technology-rich life. On roads with an ever-increasing traffic intensity, severe lighting conditions are observed at night, and the eyes have to work in a narrow working area of the field of vision (the brightness of the luminous surface of the headlights of oncoming cars). Visual work at night is very difficult, since with a decrease in the brightness of the background, visual functions are reduced. A person as a biological object is poorly adapted for visual work at night. Statistics from countries around the world indicate that the probability of a traffic accident at night is 5-8 times greater than during the day. In Ukraine, approximately 40% of accidents occur in the dark. Visibility conditions and traffic safety on night roads are determined by the “light climate” provided by automobile lighting devices – headlights.
Metaverse: development prospects for labor relations
Authors: Levytska Nadiya
Published: October 2024

The article highlights the main theoretical issues related to the legal regulation of labor relations in the labor market, which are evolving within the new digital reality of the metaverse. It is noted that the metaverse is understood as a specific technological system that utilizes a set of technical tools for virtualizing space. The choice of direction depends on current legislation regarding the potential for developing the labor market through the application of high-tech meta labor platforms. The study argues that the growing trend of influence on the international community and the population of Ukraine by this new digital phenomenon of modern society, the metaverse, is significant in the context of realizing the right to work. This, in the future, will allow the use of IT technologies to identify barriers that limit the development of certain labor markets, directions, and integration in service provision. The author presents a visualization of the search for ways to resolve labor relations issues in the labor market under the conditions of the metaverse. The technologies used to create it are evaluated, which have enormous potential in realizing the right to work but also carry numerous risks. The article explores opportunities for improving the legal regulation of labor relations, especially in understanding the unique characteristics of elements where interaction between people occurs through their digital twins (avatars) using information technologies related to their identification and management of these digital avatars. Using existing research, the article proposes the author’s vision of the concept of a meta-labor platform and presents their understanding of meta-labor migration. The article also provides the postulates on which the concept of the modern meta-labor platform is based, indirectly through the ability to work of both meta-employers and meta-employees in the metaverse, given the current necessary technologies and infrastructure. It is suggested that the most crucial factor in transitioning to meta-labor relations is the transformation of the law as a mechanism to help organize renewed social relations. The main method used in the research of this article is the system-structural method, which allows establishing connections between different elements of the meta-labor platform as a complex system and analyzing the patterns generated by the spread of influence on meta-employers and meta-employees. Among the additional ones are used formal-logical, comparative-legal, as well as methods of legal modeling and forecasting.
Conservation of degraded and technologically contaminated lands of Ukraine damaged as a result of military aggression of the Russia: problems of legal regulation
Authors: Machuska Iryna , Titova Valentina , Argatiuk Iryna , Burliy Valentina
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of legal regulation of conservation of degraded and technogenically polluted lands of Ukraine, which were damaged as a result of Russian hostilities.
The article states that the military aggression of the Russian Federation has transformed the territory of Ukraine since 2014 into a military-technologically tense region of Europe. These events caused catastrophic consequences for the state of land resources and soils of the state. It was found that the constant use of military means of destruction is a powerful polluter of the soil cover and poses a direct threat to the population.
It has been proven that one of the important factors that will contribute to the restoration of the condition of lands and soils in Ukraine after the end of hostilities is the use of land conservation, which is a powerful measure of land and soil protection, will contribute to the restoration of soil fertility and their further use.
It is noted that to date there are certain deficiencies in the legislation of Ukraine in the field of conservation of technogenically polluted and degraded lands that have been violated as a result of the military aggression of the Russian Federation.
The article establishes the expediency of supplementing the provisions of the Land Code of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine “On Land Protection” with the concept of technogenically polluted and degraded lands damaged as a result of military operations. It is noted that it seems appropriate to introduce a special legal regime for man-made and degraded lands subject to conservation as a result of hostilities and emergency situations.
Conclusions were made about the necessity of conservation of technologically polluted and degraded lands that were damaged as a result of hostilities. The expediency of adding provisions to the land legislation of Ukraine regarding the protection and rational use of this type of land has been proven.
Utilization of criminal analysis methods to combat corruption-related criminal offenses
Authors: Kaliuk Serhii
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the article is to develop and publish recommendations for the use of criminal analysis methods in the course of combating corruption-related criminal offenses. Methodology. Given the purpose, peculiarities of the object and subject of research, the author has chosen the appropriate methodological tools. The methodological basis of the article is a dialectical approach to the analysis of the use of criminal analysis in the activities of authorized units. When conducting the research, the author used a system of scientific methods of inquiry, such as formal logic (abstraction, analogy, deduction, induction, synthesis) for a detailed clarification of the content of the issues under consideration; empirical – during the experimental study and interviewing of experts; the system analysis method to determine the innovative approaches to solving the problem; theoretical – when studying scientific and educational literature; modeling – when studying certain objects via modeling some of their features. The scientific novelty is due to the need to improve the existing forms and methods of using criminal analysis methods in combating corruption-related criminal offenses, in particular, data analysis and criminal schemes. Conclusions. The research findings can be used by scientists in the follow-up scientific developments in this area, as well as by law enforcement officers in preventing criminal offenses.
Desarrollo y Potencial de las Spin-offs desde la Educación Superior en Ecuador
Authors: Hurtado Ramírez Richarth Adrián
Published: October 2024

El presente artículo "Desarrollo y Potencial de las Spin-offs desde la Educación Superior en Ecuador" explora cómo las universidades pueden convertirse en motores de innovación a través de la creación de spin-offs, empresas emergentes derivadas de investigaciones académicas. A partir de un análisis de experiencias internacionales y un enfoque en el contexto ecuatoriano, el estudio revela que, aunque el desarrollo de spin-offs en Ecuador está en una fase incipiente, existe un potencial significativo para transformar el conocimiento académico en soluciones prácticas que impulsen el desarrollo económico y social del país. Sin embargo, este potencial enfrenta desafíos, como la falta de un marco regulatorio específico, insuficiente apoyo institucional y una cultura emprendedora poco desarrollada. El artículo propone que tanto las universidades como el gobierno deben adoptar estrategias más robustas para fomentar la creación y sostenibilidad de spin-offs, incluyendo la implementación de políticas públicas que simplifiquen procesos y brinden incentivos. La Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, en particular, tiene una oportunidad única para liderar este proceso en la región de Bolívar, fortaleciendo el ecosistema de innovación a través de la promoción de spin-offs que puedan contribuir significativamente al crecimiento regional.
Occasional Paper No 29 - Drones in Modern Warfare: Lessons from the war in Ukraine
Authors: Molloy Oleksandra
Published: October 2024

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Evaluating the Role of System Thinking-Based Training in Developing Managerial Competencies
Authors: Hasannizadeh Mahsa , Jafari Seyed Mohammad Ali
Published: October 2024

This article evaluates the role of system thinking-based training in developing managerial competencies. System thinking, as a comprehensive and holistic approach, helps managers to understand organizations integrally and in interaction with their surrounding environment, enabling more strategic decision-making. Through a descriptive analysis method and a review of credible sources, this study demonstrates that system thinking-based training can significantly enhance managerial competencies, including strategic skills, decision-making, and change management. Additionally, these trainings improve communication and collaboration skills within management teams, leading to overall organizational performance improvement. The findings suggest that the effectiveness of such training is meaningfully influenced by factors such as organizational culture and internal structures. This paper aims to contribute to the enhancement of management training programs in organizations and provides suggestions for future research.
Practice and Study of Artificial Intelligence Empowering the Courses Construction and Values Education in New Engineering Disciplines—Taking The Course “Electromagnetic Fields and Electromagnetic Waves” as an Example
Authors: Jiang Xiaoqing , Li Nianqiang , Li Zhongtao , Cui Shiyao , Wei Changzhi , Wang Lingyin , Zhao Yue , Yuan Hua
Published: October 2024

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought more opportunities and challenges to the reform of new engineering disciplines education, which helps students to achieve borderless learning and realize student-centered intelligent teaching in both physics and cyberspace space according to individual differences. AI effectively improves the high-level learning goals of students from multiple dimensions and the quality of teaching. This paper takes the reform of the course Electromagnetic Field and Electromagnetic Wave as an example to explore the role of AI in new engineering disciplines education and its promotion effect on curriculum ideological and political education. It discusses the application of AI in all aspects of teaching design and the potential prospect of AI-enabled curriculum resource construction. Meanwhile, the necessity and implementation guarantee of values education in AI-enabled teaching process is analyzed. And an example of course design is used to illustrate the work to improve students' innovation ability, practical ability, and social responsibility in teaching. This paper provides a new perspective and practical path for the courses construction of new engineering disciplines and curriculum ideological and political education, which has certain theoretical and practical significance for promoting higher education reform.
Körperdarstellungen in Memes
Authors: Hauke Jannik
Published: October 2024

Diese Arbeit untersucht die Darstellung von Körpern in Memes. Dazu wurden folgende Fragen gestellt: wie werden Körper in Memes dargestellt? Welchen Einfluss kann das auf die körperliche Selbstwahrnehmung und das psychische Wohlbefinden der Konsument*innen dieser Memes haben? Welches Potential steckt in Memes, um eine breitere Akzeptanz unterschiedlicher Körper zu fördern? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen wurden wissenschaftliche und, wo nötig, auch nicht wissenschaftliche Literaturquellen ausgewertet und Memes anhand festgelegter Kriterien analysiert. Daraus ergab sich, dass Körper in Memes oft Stereotypen entsprechen und dass die Darstellungen teilweise sexistische und rassistische Denkmuster transportieren. Aufgrund der überschaubaren bzw. kaum existenten Datenlage konnte für die zweite Frage keine eindeutige Aussage getroffen werden. Abschließend konnte aufgezeigt werden, dass auch Memes existieren, die den zuvor ermittelten Befunden entgegenwirken können. Das bedeutet, dass Memes zwar einerseits Körper in einer Art und Weise abbilden, die dieses Medium in keinem guten Licht dastehen lässt. Andererseits ist nicht von der Hand zu weisen, dass Memes durchaus ein nicht zu vernachlässigendes Potential innehaben, Akzeptanz und Diversität zu fördern.
Die Stonewall Riots als ‚reisende Erinnerung‘ unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Aspektes des Vergessens
Authors: Wiese Tessa Elisa
Published: October 2024

In dieser Arbeit findet eine Auseinandersetzung mit Erinnerungsforschung statt. Der Fokus liegt auf dem Aspekt des Vergessens und dem Konzept des Travelling Memory von Astrid Erll, welches Überlegungen aus der Erinnerungsforschung und zu Transkulturalität zusammenbringt. Mithilfe des Beispiels der Erinnerungen an die Stonewall Riots wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche negativen Folgen die (transnationale) Mobilität von Erinnerungen haben kann. Dazu werden Beiträge des Vereins CSD Deutschland e.V. beispielhaft herangezogen. Die Arbeit zielt darauf ab, einen Beitrag zu den Debatten um Erinnerungskultur und Vergessen innerhalb der Erinnerungsforschung zu leisten.
Relationship between Teachers' Condition of Service and Students' Interest in Study of Nigerian Certificate in Education (NCE) Programmes in Sokoto State
Authors: Muhammad Magaji , Shagari Bala Ahmad
Published: October 2024

The paper investigated the relationship between teacher condition of services and interest in studying NCE programmes in Sokoto state. The study was guided by three objectives, three research questions and three research hypotheses among the objectives to find out if there is a relationship between teachers' appointment/advancement and students' interest in the study on NCE programmes and the hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significant in order to find out, if relationship exist or not. The finding indicated that there is a significant relationship between teachers' condition of service and students' interest in study of NCE programmes. The paper concluded that teachers' appointments, promotion and promotion implementation have a positive relationship in developing the students' interest in study of NCE programmes. The paper recommended that the Sokoto state government should provide employment opportunities for NCE graduates to teach Basic Education schools. This would improve the students’ interest in the study of NCE programmes.
Impact of Human Resources Management Activities on Staff Development and Performance at Nigeria National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA)
Authors: Ochala Mark
Published: October 2024

This study assessed the impact of Human Resources Management (HRM) activities on staff development and performance at the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA) Abuja. The research adopted a descriptive survey design, targeting the entire staff population of NITDA. A total of 400 staff members constituted the study population, with a sample size of 150 respondents selected using simple random sampling to ensure representation across various departments. Data were collected using both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were gathered through structured questionnaires and interviews, while secondary data were sourced from official reports, HR manuals, and relevant literature. The finding of the study revealed that recruitment and selection practices at NITDA, Abuja did not significantly influence staff development and performance. The results also indicate that training and development practices at NITDA Abuja have a positive and significant impact on staff development and performance.  In conclusion, this study reveals that recruitment and selection practices at NITDA, Abuja, significantly influence staff development and performance. Training and development practices at NITDA have been found to have a positive and significant impact on staff performance and development. Based on the findings; the study recommends that; NITDA should re-evaluate its recruitment and selection practices to ensure they are aligned with the organization's development goals. NITDA should implement continuous and periodic professional development programs that focus on both technical and soft skills to sustain and further enhance employee performance. NITDA should consider developing personalized training plans that cater to the specific needs of employees. This can help address skill gaps and lead to improved overall productivity and performance. The practical implication is to effectively train and develop programs that would improve, leading to higher employee satisfaction and retention rates. Regular training can enhance employees' technical competencies, allowing NITDA to remain competitive in the technology space, and improving organizational outcomes.
John Obi Oluwabamiji Ogundipe and the Promotion of Pentecostal Christianity in Nigeria
Authors: Adeleye Caleb , Aluko Oluwasegun , Olowoyeye Emmanuel
Published: October 2024

John Obi Oluwabamiji Ogundipe's life marks a significant turning point in African Pentecostalism, particularly through his involvement in the 1930 revival at Oke-Ooye, Ilesa, Southwestern Nigeria. At age ten, Ogundipe was reportedly raised from the dead during the revival led by Apostle Joseph Ayo Babalola. This event helped cement the global recognition of Nigerian Pentecostal Christianity. Despite his impact, Ogundipe’s legacy has received limited academic attention. This historical-theological study explores his life, focusing on the intersection of his miraculous healing and his contribution to the spread of Pentecostal Christianity in Nigeria and across Africa. Utilising interviews with selected respondents, church documents, and bibliographical sources, the study reveals Ogundipe’s pivotal role in validating and promoting Pentecostalism, shaping its trajectory within Nigeria and the broader African context.
Assessment of Early Marriage for Girl-Child from Islamic Perspectives in Makurdi Metropolis of Benue State
Authors: Onojah David Monday , Samson Ojochide Joy , Lamidi Taofeek Oyesola , Salaudeen Toyibat Mojisola , Kolade Aysha Olapeju , Adeleke Adewumi Modinat
Published: October 2024

This study examined the assessment of early marriage for girl-child from Islamic perspectives in Makurdi Metropolis of Benue State. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population comprised of all parents and Islam Scholars in Makurdi Metropolis of Benue State. A purposive sampling technique was used to select eighty-six (86) parents and Islam Scholars as respondents for the study. A self-designed instrument was used for the study. Simple percentages and frequency counts were used for analyzing the data. The study revealed that a greater percentage of the respondents indicated that early marriage prevents help-free sexual intercourse behaviour or immorality; early marriage is healthy and promotes chastity and early marriage provides the opportunity to build a life together, including creating a home, starting a family, and building a career together are some of the prospects of early marriage for the girl-child. The study also revealed that a greater percentage of the respondents indicated that early marriage exposes the girl-child to domestic violence at the hands of both her husband and his relations. Early child marriage undermines the freedom and rights of children to live a fulfilled life and early marriage leads to domestic violence that threatens the girl-child’s life, health, and happiness. Based on the findings of this study, the researchers recommend the need for organising regular seminars and workshops to educate and counsel people in the community about how early marriage encumbers the growth and development of a girl-child. The seminars must aim to change the people’s worldview to raise their voices against the practice among others.
CONTRADIÇÕES E DISPUTAS NA POLÍTICA DE EXPANSÃO DO INSTITUTO FEDERAL DO PARANÁ
Authors: Silva Antonio Soares Júnior da , Santos Everton Rodrigo , Grabowski Gabriel , Zuchetti Dinora Tereza
Published: October 2024

Este estudo descreve a caracterização histórica do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Paraná (IFPR) e de sua política de expansão. A pesquisa explora, em caráter bibliográfico, dados históricos da criação do IFPR com contribuições de Fugmann (2010); Athaides (2011); Krugel (2020); Lemos Júnior e Krugel (2022); e documental, sobre a política de expansão do IFPR, com os estudos de Frigotto (2015); Gouveia (2016). A história do IFPR retrata a atenção dada às políticas de educação no país e um constante embate de tensões que produzem avanços, inércias e retrocessos que provocam sua descontinuidade. Essas políticas dependem de governos e de mobilizações em uma desarmonia que valoriza políticas de governo em detrimento de políticas de Estado de interesse e de aspiração popular. Em um país com tantas desigualdades, mesmo com a precariedade estrutural, a disseminação dos Institutos tem trazido avanços significativos, mais inclusivos, ainda que excludentes em alguns aspectos. Apesar disso, os resultados apontam que os Institutos Federais têm apresentado e aplicado projetos de ensino médio integrado, ao logo dos anos de sua implementação, pautados em princípios pedagógicos contextualizados e sensíveis à escuta plural dos atores do ambiente educacional.
DETERMINANTES PARA O TAMANHO DAS PREFEITURAS NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Damin Cláudio Júnior , Duda Jeferson Andrade
Published: October 2024

O artigo analisa a variação da quantidade de funcionários ativos alocados na administração direta dos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul em 2021. A investigação inscreve-se na vertente de estudos que privilegiam uma abordagem horizontal em relação ao núcleo-base do sistema federativo brasileiro. A metodologia quantitativa é utilizada para conferir tratamento estatístico descritivo e inferencial (matriz de correlação e regressão logística binária) do objeto de pesquisa a partir da sistematização de um banco de dados com variáveis dos 497 municípios gaúchos. A pesquisa conseguiu predizer que as chances de municípios gaúchos abrigarem uma prefeitura com alta densidade de ocupados na administração pública direta aumentam na medida em que se trate de entes instalados após a vigência da Constituição Federal de 1988, de porte pequeno, rurais, de economia baseada predominantemente no setor primário e onde não existem jornais locais. Trata-se de estudo pioneiro buscando explicar a variação do tamanho das prefeituras gaúchas utilizando como proxy a densidade de funcionários municipais da administração direta. O artigo contribui para uma melhor compreensão dos municípios gaúchos a partir do tamanho de sua burocracia municipal, salientando, em particular, o peso da longevidade do município, de sua estrutura econômica e de suas características demográficas como variáveis explicativas de uma prefeitura com maior ou menor densidade de funcionários.
Transitioning to Insulin Analogs in Tunisian Children with Type 1 Diabetes: Efficacy and Safety.
Authors: Marzouk Asma , Lajili Mariem , Ben Yahya Ilyes , Thebti Rahma , Ayeb Saad , Bouaziz Asma
Published: October 2024

Introduction: there is a lack of research evaluating the impact of therapeutic switching from human insulin to analogues, particularly in paediatric populations from low- and middle-income countries.
Aim: The study aimed to retrospectively assess the effectiveness and safety of transitioning from human insulin to insulin analogs in Tunisian children with diabetes.
Methods: This retrospective descriptive study included children with type 1 diabetes who changed their insulin therapy protocol after at least one year of treatment with human insulin. Clinical, therapeutic, and glycaemic homeostasis parameters were assessed following the transition from human insulin (NPH + rapid-acting insulin) to the Basal-Bolus insulin analog- protocol.
Results: The study included 60 patients. Following the switch,  all  patients showed a significant reduction in mean fasting blood glucose levels (11.11 mmol/l vs. 8.62 mmol/l; p=0.024). Glycated haemoglobin A1C levels decreased notably in children who adhered to their diet (from 9.93% to 8.38%; p=0.06) and/or engaged in regular physical activity (from 10.40% to 8.61%; p=0.043). The average number of hypoglycemic events per year decreased from 4.03 events/year to 2.36 events/year (p=0.006), along with a decrease in the rate of patients hospitalized for acid-ketotic decompensation (from 27% to 10%; p=0.001). Financial constraints led to 82% of patients reusing microfine needles ≥2 times per day, and 12% were compelled to revert to the initial insulin therapy protocol due to a lack of access to self-financed microfine needles or discontinued social coverage.
Conclusions: Although insulin analogues offer clear benefits, their use poses challenges...(abstract truncated at 250 words)
Etude de la cardiomyopathie du péri-partum dans un contexte à ressources limitées : cas de la région de Zinder, Niger
Authors: Garba Abdoul Aziz , Solo Traoré , Moussa Diongole Hassane , Ibrahim M. Awalou Abassi , Mamane Daou , Souleymane Brah
Published: October 2024

Objectif: Décrire les caractéristiques épidémiologiques, cliniques, paracliniques, thérapeutiques et évolutives de la cardiomyopathie du péri-partum (CMPP) au service de médecine interne de l’hôpital national de Zinder (HNZ).
Méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive réalisée de 2018 à 2022 au service de médecine interne de l’HNZ. Etaient inclues toutes les patientes admises pour CMPP répondant aux critères de la National Heart Blood and Lung Institute. Les données recueillies étaient analysées à l’aide d’Excel et EPI INFO v7.
Résultats : Nous avions colligé 100 cas de CMPP sur un total de 8706 patientes hospitalisées soit une prévalence hospitalière de 1,14%. L’âge moyen des patientes était de 27,9 ans ± 7,4[17– 45]. La majorité des patientes était de couches sociales défavorisées (n=64). Les facteurs de risque de CMPP retrouvés étaient essentiellement le bain chaud (n=66), l’accouchement à domicile (n=40), la bouillie au natron (n=35) et la multiparité (n=57). La symptomatologie cardiaque était apparue dans le post partum chez 56% des patientes. La dyspnée était le maître symptôme dans 98% de cas. Les signes physiques étaient dominés par le souffle systolique fonctionnel (66%). Trois quarts des patientes (75%) étaient en insuffisance cardiaque globale. Les signes électrocardiographiques étaient dominés par l’hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche (n=65). La cardiomégalie était présente chez 94% des patientes. La fraction d’éjection du ventricule gauche était altérée chez toutes les patientes. L’altération de la fonction rénale était retrouvée chez 31% des patientes. La prise en charge reposait sur le trépied repos strict-régime hyposodé, diurétiques ...(résumé tronqué à 250 mots).
Prédisposition génétique à la Méningite Tuberculeuse : Compréhension des interactions cellulaires, mécanismes moléculaires et dimensions génétiques.
Authors: Majambere Jean Claude , Zaidi Sanae , Errami Abderrahmane , Marih Latifa , Marhoum El Filali Kamal , Bousfiha Ahmed Aziz , Lahsen Ahd Oulad
Published: October 2024

La méningite tuberculeuse, une forme grave de tuberculose causée par Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), demeure un défi majeur pour la santé publique à l'échelle mondiale. Outre les mécanismes complexes de la réponse immunitaire innée et adaptative contre M. tb, il existe une dimension génétique cruciale à considérer. Les individus porteurs de variations génétiques spécifiques peuvent présenter des réponses immunitaires altérées qui les rendent plus sensibles à cette forme de tuberculose. Des mutations génétiques dans des gènes codant pour des récepteurs de surface, des protéines adaptatrices, des kinases, des facteurs de transcription, des récepteurs nucléiques et d'autres molécules impliquées dans les interactions cellulaires et les mécanismes moléculaires ont été associées à la susceptibilité à la tuberculose. La compréhension des mécanismes moléculaires, des interactions immunitaires en réponse de l’hôte contre M. tb est cruciale pour comprendre la dimension génétique dans la susceptibilité à la tuberculose en particulier sa forme redoutable de méningite tuberculeuse.
Cette Revue vise à explorer les principales interactions entre les acteurs de l'immunité innée et adaptative lors de l'infection par M. tb et les facteurs génétiques derrières la susceptibilité à la tuberculose dans sa forme redoutable de méningite tuberculeuse.
Les infections urinaires chez les insuffisants rénaux chroniques hospitalisés en Néphrologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Befelatanana, Antananarivo
Authors: Dodo Mihary , Ratrimoharilala Faniry Notahiantsoa , Ramilitiana Benja , Razafindrakoto Cathérine , Randriamanantsoa Lova Narindra , Randriamarotia Harilalaina Willy Franck
Published: October 2024

Introduction : L’infection urinaire représente la première cause d’infection nosocomiale dans le monde. Elle constitue un facteur de progression de l’insuffisance rénale chronique.
Objectifs : Déterminer le profil épidémio-clinique, microbiologique, thérapeutique et évolutif de patients insuffisants rénaux chroniques atteints d'infection urinaire.
 
Méthodes : Il s’agit d’une étude descriptive et rétrospective d’une durée de 5 ans, allant de janvier 2014 à décembre 2018 chez des patients en insuffisance rénale chronique présentant une infection urinaire.
 
Résultats : Cinquante et un patients (7,15%) étaient retenus avec un âge moyen de 53,03 ans et un sex ratio de 0,55. L’insuffisance rénale chronique était au stade terminal chez 45,1% (n=23). La cystite représentait 49,02% (n=25) et les bacilles gram négatif étaient retrouvés chez 74,50% (n=38), prédominés par Escherichia coli (54,90%). Les céphalosporines de 3ème génération et les fluoroquinolones étaient prescrites en antibiothérapie probabiliste. La résistance aux bêtalactamines était de 50% pour les Escherichia coli. Les facteurs favorisant une infection sévère étaient : âge avancé, sexe masculin, existence de lithiase urinaire, multirésistance aux antibiotiques et les germes non-entérobactéries.
Conclusion : Les infections urinaires chez les insuffisants rénaux chroniques étaient fréquentes et particulièrement graves.
Profil épidémiologique des dermatophytes au laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie du CHU Mohammed VI d’Oujda
Authors: Lahmer Mohammed , Grari Oussama , Beyyoudh Soufiane , Amrani Abdessamad , Faiz Ismail , Hami Aziza
Published: October 2024

Introduction : Les dermatophytoses sont des infections fongiques courantes causées par des champignons kératinophiles (les dermatophytes) capables d'envahir les ongles, les cheveux et les couches superficielles de la peau des humains et des animaux.
Objectif : Etablir le profil épidémiologique et mycologique des dermatophytes isolés au laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie du CHU Mohammed VI d’Oujda.
Méthodes : Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective de 48 mois allant de janvier 2019 à décembre 2022. L’étude inclut les prélèvements réalisés ou adressés à notre laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie pour étude mycologique. Sur chaque spécimen biologique, un examen direct et une culture étaient effectués. L’identification d’espèce était basée sur les critères macroscopiques et microscopiques des colonies.
Résultats : Au cours de notre étude, nous avons colligé 950 prélèvements mycologiques. Des dermatophytes étaient isolés dans 505 (53,15%) cas. La majorité des atteintes était des onyxis (n= 353 ; 69,90%), suivie par les épidermomycoses (n=123 ; 5,74%) puis les teignes du cuir chevelu (n=29 ; 5,98%). Trichophyton rubrum était l’espèce la plus incriminée.
Conclusion : Les dermatophyties sont les mycoses les plus fréquentes chez l’homme. Elles sont en général bénignes et évoluent souvent sur un mode chronique et volontiers récidivant. L’examen mycologique est indispensable. Il permet de confirmer l’origine fongique et d’isoler l’espèce responsable afin de repérer l’origine de la contamination et de mettre en place un traitement approprié.
Comparison of long-term anti-RBD SARS-CoV-2 antibody response following different vaccination schemes in Tunisia
Authors: Ben Jemaa Awatef , Bouabsa Rihab , Ben Othmen Meriam , Oueslati Ridha , Dhaouadi Hamdi
Published: October 2024

Aim: The study aimed to compare long-term vaccine-induced humoral immunity following different vaccines regimens.
Methods: Anti-S-RBD total antibody levels were measured in blood samples of 167 participants nearly 6 months post-vaccination. Participants had received one; two or four doses of Pfizer vaccine or who received a third dose of mRNA vaccine (Pfizer) and primed with mRNA (Pfizer/Moderna), adenoviral (AstraZeneca/Jonson & Jonson) or inactivated (CoronaVac/Sinopharm) vaccine.
Results: Among all vaccination regimens, fourth dose of Pfizer achieved the highest S-RBD antibody titers. Nevertheless, the third dose of mRNA vaccine primed with adenoviral vaccine achieved the lowest titers of S-RBD antibody. Notably, the group that received a third dose of mRNA primed with two doses of mRNA vaccine exhibited higher S-RBD antibody compared to groups inoculated with a third dose of mRNA and primed with inactivated or adenovirus vaccine.
Conclusion: Our data showed the superiority of three mRNA vaccinations compared to third heterologous vaccine (inactivated of adenoviral) including mRNA as booster in terms of humoral immunogenicity. Our findings supporting the use of additional booster shot from a more potent vaccine type such as mRNA vaccines. Nevertheless, due to the limited number of subjects, it is difficult to extrapolate the results of our study to the whole of Tunisian population. Future studies should investigate a larger cohort and other potential correlates of protection, such as cellular immunity and how it is affected by different vaccination schemes after long-term post-vaccination.
Deadly cerebral ischemia due to carotid stenosis following a facial shot with a pellet gun: An autopsy case report
Authors: Ben Abderrahim Sarra , Daoud Fatma , Turki Elyes , Ghzel Raja , Zribi Malek
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Facial gunshot wounds have devastating functional and aesthetic consequences for the patient. If associated with penetrating craniocerebral injuries, the prognosis is rather compromised even with appropriate medical and surgical treatment. Chop-off injuries with penetrating wounds constitute a challenging situation for the facial reconstructive surgeon in facial trauma.
Observation: This case involved a 49-year-old man who sustained an accidental facial shot from a pellet gun. Radiological and clinical investigations revealed complex ballistic trauma to the maxillofacial region, with projectiles reaching the base of the skull. One of the projectiles migrated via the carotid canal towards a cerebral artery, leading to obstruction of the artery with cerebral infarction. An autopsy was performed which evaluated that the shooting distance was compatible with a long distance, causing the dispersion of lead grains with the absence of a wad inside the trauma site.
Conclusion: In some cases of facial gunshot wounds, despite a complex and extensive lesion assessment, death may occur due to a neurological complication rather than sustaining hemodynamic shock, depending on the trajectory of the projectiles
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with acute leukemia
Authors: Kassar Olfa , Ben Kahla Aicha , Fakhefakh Yosra , Feki Wiem , Cheikhrouhou Fatma , Elloumi Moez
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a serious complication in hematology. Aim: Describe the prevalence, diagnostic aspects, therapeutic modalities, and evolution of the IPA cases occurring in patients with acute leukemia. Methods: Our study was retrospective including patients with acute leukemia who developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis during the period January 2009 and December 2020 at the hematology department in south Tunisia. The IPA was defined in three levels of probability according to the criteria of the EORTC / MSG 2019. Results: We collected 127 patients who presented with Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Sixty-three percent of our patients had acute myeloid leukemia. The diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis was during the induction course in 76% of cases. Twenty-seven of our patients had chest pain. The chest Computed tomography (CT) scan showed the Halo sign in 89% of cases. The Aspergillus galactomannan antigen was positive in 38% of cases. Extrapulmonary aspergillosis involvement was noted in 18% of cases: IPA was possible and probable respectively in 59% and 41% of cases. All patients treated with Voriconazole with a favorable response in 54% of cases. The mortality rate was 46%. The overall survival at week 12 was 56%. Conclusion: The morbidity and mortality of patients who developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis with acute leukemia in our series were high. We need to improve our strategy for early diagnosis and management.
Insights into the genetic theory of infectious diseases
Authors: Moundir Abderrahmane , Jeddane Leila , Bousfiha Ahmed Aziz
Published: October 2024

Over the past century, classical approaches from microbiology and immunology have produced spectacular results in the control of infectious diseases. However, the recent SARS-COV-2 pandemic has highlighted our continued failure to control some infections. Other microorganisms still pose a threat to humanity such as HIV, Ebola, and influenza viruses. It seems that conventional approaches are not able to solve all the current problems caused by infectious diseases. Human genetics has shown that infections have a strong genetic determinism that can lead to a predisposition or resistance to infections. This explains much of the clinical variability observed in individuals infected with the same pathogen. The identification of the genetic etiology allows a better understanding of the pathogenesis of infectious diseases and, consequently, the consideration of appropriate preventive and therapeutic strategies. This review provides insights into the genetic theory and the concrete evidence to support it. We highlight the role of primary immunodeficiencies in the discovery of Mendelian and monogenic susceptibility to infections, then we show how genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, redundancy, and resistance to infection manifest in the context of this genetic determinism. To effectively combat the constant threat of microbes, it is essential to integrate human genetics with microbiology to examine the interactions between pathogens and our immune system.