bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gerenciamento do enfermeiro na sala de vacina e rede de frio dos imunobiológicos contra COVID-19
Authors: Roza Juliana Marçal , Alves Manoela , Carreiro Monica de Almeida , Santos Margarida Maria Donato , Gomes Elisângela do Nascimento Fernandes , Gonçalves Sebastião Jorge da Cunha
Published: January 2023

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar o conhecimento dos profissionais de Enfermagem sobre as atividades cotidianas da sala de vacina, com foco nos quatro tipos de vacinas para covid-19 no município de Miguel Pereira região Centro Sul Fluminense do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa quanti-qualitativa e exploratória, metodologia que trata de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, que se deu a partir da vivência de profissionais Enfermeiros da cidade de Miguel Pereira/RJ. Número da amostra proposta para a pesquisa foi de 15 participantes e o critérios de exclusão utilizado: serão excluídos aqueles enfermeiros que não atuaram durante a pandemia da COVID-19 em Unidades de Atenção Primária em Saúde. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da plataforma de Formulários do Google no mês de Novembro de 2021, sendo aprovado pelo Conselho de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP) da Universidade de Vassouras, conforme consta no CAAE 52723721.9.0000.5290, obtendo o número do parecer: 5.108.341 em 16 de novembro de 2021. Após a coleta de dados procedeu-se a análise de conteúdo. Os profissionais enfermeiros apresentavam algumas dúvidas em distinguir e manusear alguns imunobiológicos, apesar do conhecimento teórico, sendo necessário uma educação permanente no processo, uma vez que há uma constante atualização sobre a utilização dos imunobiológicos contra COVID-19.
Palavras-Chave: Enfermagem; Vacina; Corona Vírus.
Parasitic Infections. Treatment and Developmental Therapeutics. 1. Necatoriasis
Authors: St. Georgiev Vassil
Published: January 2023

Necator americanus is a nematode hookworm of the family Ancylostomatidae, subfamily Necatorinae. This nematode parasite, which is distinguished by two chitinous cutting plates in the buccal cavity and fused male copulatory spicules, is the causative agent of necatoriasis, a hookworm disease prevalent in the Americas as well as in the tropical regions of Africa, southern Asia. and Polynesia. The adult parasites attached to the villi of the small intestines will
suck blood causing abdominal discomfort, diarrhea and cramps, anorexia, wight loss, and in advanced disease, hypochromic microcytic anemia. Hookworm infections in man, especially in children, are one of the leading causes of iron-deficiency anemia resulting directly from intestinal capillary blood loss following the feeding activities of fourth-stage (L4) larva and adult worms. Another clinical manifestation often associated with hookworm infections is cutaneous larva migrans (CLM). It is a well recognized, usually self-limiting condition caused by the infectious larvae of nematodes. CLM is characterized by skin eruption and represents a clinical description rather than a definitive diagnosis. Of the hookworm parasites, the dog and cat worm Ancylostoma braziliense is the most common causing CLM, although many other species have been implicated.

The major subject of this review article will be discussion of the evolution of therapies and treatment of human necatoriasis and the development of experimental infections with N. americanus. Difference in the clinical efficacies of mebendazole and albendazole will be discussed along with drug resistance of N. americanus.
Recent Developments in the Study of the Microenvironment of Cancer and Drug
Delivery
Authors: Chaudhary Benu , Kumar Parveen , Arya Preeti , Singla Deepak , Kumar Virender , Kumar Davinder , S Roshan , Wadhwa Sheetu , Gulati Monica , Singh Sachin Kumar , Dua Kamal , Gupta Gaurav , Gupta Madan Mohan
Published: January 2023

Cancer is characterized by disrupted molecular variables caused by cells that deviate from regular signal transduction. The uncontrolled segment of such cancerous cells annihilates most of the tissues that contact them. Gene therapy, immunotherapy, and nanotechnology advancements have resulted in novel strategies for anticancer drug delivery. Furthermore, diverse dispersion of nanoparticles in normal stroma cells adversely affects the healthy cells and disrupts the crosstalk of tumour stroma. It can contribute to cancer cell progression inhibition and, conversely, to acquired resistance, enabling cancer cell metastasis and proliferation. The tumour's microenvironment is critical in controlling the dispersion and physiological activities of nano-chemotherapeutics which is one of the targeted drug therapy. As it is one of the methods of treating cancer that involves the use of medications or other substances to specifically target and kill off certain subsets of malignant cells. A targeted therapy may be administered alone or in addition to more conventional methods of care like surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation treatment. The tumour microenvironment, stromatogenesis, barriers and advancement in the drug delivery system across tumour tissue are summarised in this review.
Protein Engineering Strategies for Tailoring the Physical and Catalytic
Properties of Enzymes for Defined Industrial Applications
Authors: Kaur Jagdeep , Kumar Rakesh , Kumar Arbind
Published: January 2023

Background:

Highly evolved biocatalysts that can endure harsh environmental conditions during industrial processes are highly desirable. The availability of suitable biocatalysts with high enzyme activity, substrate selectivity, and stability could lower the production costs in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and food industries, resulting in more economical products.

Objectives:

Naturally evolved enzymes could not be exploited in industrial applications because of their compromised properties. Till date, protein engineering strategies have helped us to improve the desired physical and catalytic properties of enzymes to meet their performance needs in industrial and medical applications.

Results:

Protein engineering technologies such as directed evolution and rational redesigning are well-suited for improving biocatalytic properties. Each approach has its own set of limitations, and the implementation of techniques is contingent on the availability of prerequisite information about the biocatalyst. Protein structure information is essential for rational design, but no prior structural knowledge is required for directed evolution. Furthermore, semi-rational approaches and enzyme designing are also being used. Considering these facts, this study outlines the various molecular techniques used to improve the physical and catalytic properties of enzymes. It also emphasises the magnitude of strategies used to improve the properties of biocatalysts to meet the needs of industrial processes.

Conclusion:

Protein engineering frequently employs for improving crucial enzyme characteristics. A semi-rational approach has now emerged as the preferred technology for protein engineering. However, adopting an engineering strategy to achieve the desired characteristic depends on the availability of resources and subject-matter knowledge.
Tetra-n-Butyl Ammonium Fluoride (TBAF) as an Efficient Catalyst
Authors: Salem Mohammed A. , Helal Mohamed H. , Al-Ghorbani Mohammed , Deeb Ahmed D.H. , Baz Eman A. , Gouda Moustafa A.
Published: January 2023

Tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (TBAF) is an organic compound with the formula
C16H36FN. It can exist as anhydrous or hydrated (C16H42FNO3). It is soluble in water and THF and
utilized as a base in the preparation of triple monoamine reuptake inhibitors, conjugated dienoic acid
esters, and polyacetylenic glucosides. This review aims to summarize the chemistry of TBAF.
Efficient Fluoride Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Graphene/Ce
Composite Supported on Activated Carbon
Authors: Patel Ruchita V. , Bhasin Chandra Prakash
Published: January 2023

Background:

More than 260 million people worldwide are affected by excess fluoride (F- >
1.5 mg/L) in their drinking water. Fluorosis of the teeth and skeleton, among other health issues, is
caused by it.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the fluoride removal from contaminated water using
graphene-based new adsorbent material.

Method:

Graphene (G) was prepared by a facile liquid-phase exfoliation method. CeO2 nanoparticles
(NPs) were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. G was treated with CeO2 NPs in a probe sonicator
to generate G/Ce material in solution. Finally, the impregnation evaporation process synthesized
the G/Ce supported on activated carbon composite (G/Ce/AC).

Results:

FE-SEM analysis shows that the crumpling and scrolling sheets of G, the nanosized spherical
shape of CeO2 NPs and a thick layer of nano-sized spherical particles has built up on the surface of
graphene in G/Ce/AC composite. After conversion to G/Ce/AC Composite, the specific surface area
of graphene was increased from 3.08 to 485.3621 m2/g. The adsorption of fluoride on G/Ce/AC was
investigated using batch systems (effects of pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and the initial fluoride
concentration), adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies. The pseudo-second order was the one that best
described the kinetic data, while the Langmuir isotherm best described the equilibrium data with a
maximum adsorption capacity equal to 27.9 mg/g.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the results show that the G/Ce/AC composite was well synthesized and has
excellent fluoride adsorption capacity compared to other materials already evaluated for this purpose.
Efectos mediados por hospedero en la variación del tamaño de frutos del muérdago hemiparásito Psittacanthus schiedeanus (Loranthaceae)
Authors: Ornelas Juan Francisco , Vásquez-Aguilar Antonio Acini
Published: January 2023

Antecedentes y Objetivos: La mayoría de los frutos de los muérdagos de Psittacanthus (Loranthaceae) para la dispersión de sus semillas dependen de las aves frugívoras, y el comportamiento de estos dispersores influye en sus patrones de distribución espacial dentro y entre hospederos. A pesar de la importancia de las aves en su dispersión y distribución, los efectos de la especie de hospedero en la variación del tamaño de los frutos no han sido investigados de manera extensa. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la variación del tamaño de los frutos maduros de Psittacanthus schiedeanus que crecen en diferentes especies de hospedero. Esperamos que los rasgos del tamaño de los frutos varíen de acuerdo con la calidad de la especie del hospedero, y que esta variación se corresponda con la del éxito reproductivo del muérdago.
Métodos: Frutos maduros de plantas de muérdagos Psittacanthus schiedeanus creciendo en especies diferentes de árboles hospederos fueron colectados en dos sitios (Tlalnelhuayocan y Coapexpan) de bosque mesófilo de montaña en el centro de Veracruz, México, medidos (largo y ancho y largo de los pedicelos cupulares) y pesados para describir las diferencias en su tamaño.
Resultados clave: La longitud del pedicelo cupular y el tamaño del fruto se vieron significativamente afectados por la especie de hospedero. En promedio, pedicelos cupulares más largos y frutos más grandes se encontraron en plantas que crecen en Acacia pennatula, Quercus germana, Ostrya virginiana y Liquidambar styraciflua, mientras que los más pequeños se encontraron generalmente en plantas sobre árboles hospederos cultivados.
Conclusiones: Los resultados nos brindan información valiosa para futuras comparaciones entre especies en relación con los efectos de la especie de hospedero en la variación del tamaño de los frutos. Aunque los efectos de la especie de hospedero en la variación del tamaño de los frutos pueden variar en el espacio, las diferencias en el tamaño de los frutos pueden ser el resultado de diferencias en el recurso del hospedero. Se necesitan más estudios sobre la selección y el manejo de los frutos por parte de los dispersores de semillas, para discutir si la variación observada en el tamaño de los frutos se correlaciona con la selección y el manejo de los frutos por parte de los principales consumidores, y con la unión y el establecimiento exitosos en la rama del hospedero después del paso por el tracto intestinal.
Sustainable Thermal Insulation Derived from Recycled Textile Waste
Authors: Samardzioska Todorka , Jovanoska Milica , Grujoska Vesna
Published: January 2023

The textile industry is one of the oldest industries and the third most important industry branch in Macedonia. It has had a steady increase in production over the years. Growing production line proportionally generates textile waste. Although it is terminologically categorized as waste, textile waste can be a valuable resource and is one of the textile industry’s main challenges. Textile waste, appropriately treated with the possibilities offered by the recycling process or used as a clean waste, can find multi-faced application in different construction areas. This paper covers research that examines the possibilities of applying textile waste in the field of thermal insulations in buildings. The focus is on developing thermal insulation solutions applied in sustainable and ecologic buildings. Applied thermal insulation has a primary impact on reducing electricity consumption and greenhouse gas emissions associated with indoor air conditioning. That would mean that buildings incorporating appropriate thermal insulation offer greater comfort, directly increasing the quality of life. This is an additional economic-environmental dimension. According to the experimental testing, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the textile waste is obtained at 0.039 W/m·K. Its value defines a thermal insulation material suitable for the purpose and has approximate values to the other materials usually used for thermal insulation in buildings. Implementing a product made of textile waste with appropriate performance would bring economic benefits to the industry and open new job opportunities.
A Universal Mental Health–Promoting Mobile App for Adolescents: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kaiser Sabine , Rye Marte , Jakobsen Reidar , Martinussen Monica , Høgsdal Helene , Kyrrestad Henriette
Published: January 2023

Background

In times of increasing mental health problems among young people, strengthening efforts to improve mental health through mental health promotion and prevention becomes increasingly important. Effective measures that support young people in coping with negative thoughts, feelings, and stress are essential, not just for the individual but also for society.

Objective

The aim of this paper is to provide a description of a cluster randomized controlled trial that will be conducted to examine the effectiveness of Opp, a universal mental health–promoting mobile app for adolescents aged 13 to 19 years that provides information and exercises to better cope with stress, negative thoughts, and negative feelings. The protocol was developed in accordance with the SPIRIT checklist.

Methods

An effectiveness study will be conducted with 3 measurement points: preintervention (T1), 2 weeks after the intervention (T2), and about 1 month after the intervention (T3). Adolescents will be recruited from middle and high schools in Norway and randomly assigned to the intervention or control groups. Randomization will be conducted on the school level. Opp can be downloaded from the Google Play or App Store but is password protected with a 4-digit code, which will be removed after study completion. Participants in the intervention group will receive a text message with the code to unlock the app. The participants in the intervention group can use Opp without limits on length or time of use. Objective data on how long or how often the participants use the app will not be collected. However, the second and third questionnaires for the intervention group contain app-specific questions on, for example, the use of the app.

Results

Recruitment and data collection started in August and September 2022. So far, 381 adolescents have answered the first questionnaire. Data collection was expected to end in December 2022 but has had to be prolonged to approximately June 2023. The results of the study will be available in 2023 at the earliest.

Conclusions

This project will contribute unique knowledge to the field, as there are few studies that have examined the effects of universal health-promoting mobile apps for adolescents. However, several limitations have to be taken into account when interpreting the results, such as randomization on the school level, the short time frame in which the study was conducted, and the lack of objective data to monitor the use of the app.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05211713; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05211713

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/42119
Di Balik Layar Penyelundupan: Tokoh-Tokoh dalam Perdagangan Gelap Pemerintah Republik di Singapura, 1947-1949
Authors: Alfatiana Lesta , Wulandari Ayu
Published: January 2023

This article discusses the figures who were involved in the smuggling of illegal trades carried out by the Republican Government during the revolutionary period of 1945-1949 in Singapore. Illegal trade is one of the Republican Government’s efforts to fill the void of state treasury after the imposition of an economic blockade by the Dutch Government during the revolutionary period. The economic blockade, especially on Sumatra, closed the flow of international trades entering Indonesia. Through this illegal trade, the Republican Government succeeded in filling the void in the state treasury and in providing financial support during the 1945-1949 revolution. However, the process of this illegal trade was carried out with great obstacles and challenges by several figures who made major contributions. Several figures known to have played an important role in this action include Ali Djajengprawira, Utoyo Ramelan, Zairin Zain, Suryono Darusman, R.E. Bajened, Dr. Samad, Joe Loh, Tan Chi Ku, and the last one is Djumbang Roesad.
POTENTIAL OF KABAU LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT (ARCHIDENDRON BUBALINUM (JACK.) I. C. NIELSEN) TO DECREASE OF BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS INDUCED ALLOXAN
Authors: RIASARI HESTI , WIBOWO DIKI PRAYUGO , FAUZI NOVI IRWAN
Published: January 2023

Objective: This study describes the potential antidiabetic activity of ethanol extracts of Kabau leaves (Archidendron bubalinum)

Methods: Extraction was done using the maceration method with 96% ethanol as solvent. The simplicia and extracts were characterized, screened for phytochemicals using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Blood glucose levels were examined by GOD-PAP enzymatic method. Wistar rat was induced by alloxan (120 mg/kg BW i. p) to hyperglycemic condition, the dose variations of Kabau leaves extract i. e 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg BW (p. o). The data was statistically tested using one-way ANOVA with a confidence level of (p<0.05).

Results: The phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, steroids, and triterpenoids, saponins. TLC showed that the extract contained spots (Rf 0.45) which are suspected to be flavone glycosides, biflavonyls, and unusually substituted flavones. Phenolic compounds (Rf 0.225; 0.25; 0.325 and 0.45) were characterized by a color change to blackish green after being sprayed with FeCl3. Saponin glycoside compounds (Rf 0.57) were characterized by the presence of purple spots after being sprayed with vanillin sulfate. Test animals in all test groups experienced hyperglycemia (>126 mg/dl) and a significant increase in blood glucose levels compared to the control group. MDA levels in test animals given a dose of 1000 mg/kg BW was 0.024±0.003.

Conclusion: Ethanol extract of Kabau leaves can reduce blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic rats by 33% at a dose of 1000 mg/kg BW. The results of one-way ANOVA (p<0.05) and Measurement of MDA levels in test animals was 0.024±0.003.
QUST AL HINDI (SAUSSUREA LAPPA): A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF ITS PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL AGAINST COVID-19
Authors: S. SUKMAWATI , MUSFIROH IDA , MUCHTARIDI  , FRISTIOHADY ADRYAN
Published: January 2023

In 2020, the World Health Organization officially designated Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) to be global pandemic. Response of immune to SARS-CoV-2 infection includes a hyper-inflammatory state. Saussurea lappa is a medical plant known in several traditional medical systems, such as Persian and Indian medicine. S. lappa has anticancer, antiviral, antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties as clinically demonstrated. The purpose of this article to analyze the content of chemical compounds and possible pharmacological activities to fight COVID-19. As primary data sources for this study, researchers looked at articles about the possibility of Saussurea lappa as an alternative in the treatment of COVID-19. Data were gathered online through various academic papers published from 2012 to 2022 derived from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases.

One of the components of Saussurea lappa is myrcene which might act on ACE receptors. SARS-CoV-2 enters cells via endocytosis after binding to the ACE2 receptor. The anti-inflammatory properties of Saussurea lappa can be used to treat COVID-19 by reducing inflammatory cytokinins (TNF-α, IL-1β). Further study and clinical trials are needed to prove the effectiveness of Saussurea lappa against COVID-19 patients. Saussurea lappa has a important role in treating COVID-19 based on the effects of active phytochemical compounds that have anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant, immunomodulator, antcancer, antihepatotoxic, and antihipertension. The Qust al Hindi has not yet been a final drug for the treatment of COVID-19 for it must go through clinical trials on COVID-19 patients directly.
A REVIEW OF SUNGKAI (PERONEMA CANESCENS): TRADITIONAL USAGE, PHYTOCONSTITUENT, AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: RAHARDHIAN MUHAMMAD RYAN RADIX , SUSILAWATI YASMIWAR , SUMIWI ADI , MUKTIWARDOYO MOELYONO , MUCHTARIDI
Published: January 2023

This article review aims to evaluate the traditional usage, phytoconstituent, and pharmacological activities of Peronema canescens (PC) published between 1994 to 2021 and suggest directions for further in-depth research of PC as a medicinal resource. A literature review used relevant keywords to collect primary and secondary scientific papers from popular media databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct. The search keywords for papers included Peronema canescens, traditional usage, phytoconstituent, pharmacological activity, in vitro, in vivo, combined, or separated. Traditional usage of PC as medicine has been identified to treat various diseases such as toothache, malaria, fever, skin disorders, itching, bruising, and hypertension, as refreshing drinks, increasing stamina, and as food ingredients. Chemical constituents of PC were seven clerodane diterpenoid compounds, namely A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, and D1 peronemin. Five of them are furanyl groups. Secondary metabolites contained in PC extract were phenols, triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, and saponins. In vitro, pharmacological activities of PC showed anti-plasmodium, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, and antibacterial activities, had non-toxic effects, and did not cause teratogenic effects. In vivo studies of PC showed that PC could use as an immune booster, antiparasitic, anti-hyperuricemic, anti-plasmodium, antidiabetic, and antipyretic. Many phytoconstituent and pharmacological reports indicated that PC was an essential medicinal herb resource, and some of its traditional uses, including the treatment of fever, antiparasitic, anti-hypertension, malaria, and tonic drink, have been partially confirmed through modern pharmacological studies. Diterpenoids were the main active constituents. However, these crude extracts and isolated chemicals of PC required additional research to identify the effects, optimal dosage, mechanisms of action, long-term safety, and potential side effects. In addition, clinical research was necessary to support the therapeutic potential of PC.
IDENTIFICATION OF FLAVONOIDS FROM ACALYPHA INDICA L. (EUPHORBIACEAE) AS CASPASE-3 ACTIVATORS USING MOLECULAR DOCKING AND MOLECULAR DYNAMICS
Authors: FEBRINA ELLIN , ASNAWI AIYI , ABDULAH RIZKY , LESTARI KERI , SUPRATMAN UNANG
Published: January 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the structural-based molecular interactions between flavonoids contained in Acalypha indica L. and caspase-3 by molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

Methods: In a computer simulation, ten flavonoids contained in A. indica L. were evaluated for caspase-3 using the X-ray crystal structure of human caspase-3 (PDB ID 1NME). The AutoDock 4.2 software was used to study molecular docking, and MD simulations were done with GROMACS v2018.

Results: The results of molecular docking identified the top four compounds, namely nicotiflorin, naringenin, hesperetin, and kaempferol, with docking scores of-6.81,-6.45,-6.33, and-6.10 kcal/mol, respectively. According to the MD simulation results, nicotiflorin was most effective in stabilizing the complex with caspase-3, with a total energy (ΔGbind, MM-PBSA) of-96.315 kcal/mol.

Conclusion: This study showed that nicotiflorin was the flavonoid in A. indica L. that activated caspase-3 the best.
IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL ACTIVITY OF VOLATILE COMPOUNDS DERIVED FROM POGOSTEMON CABLIN BENTH AS ANTIVIRAL OF SARS-COV-2
Authors: ANTONIUS YULANDA , ONGKO JEREMI , HARDJO POPY HARTATIE
Published: January 2023

Objective: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is global pandemic which caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mechanism of infection is initiated by attachment between viral glycoprotein with ACE2 receptor in human cells. Furthermore, Indonesia had a massive diversity of plants with a high potency of drugs, such as Pogostemon cablin Benth. In brief, it contained of various volatile compounds with many therapeutic properties. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the ability of volatile compounds from Pogostemon cablin Benth as a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein.
Methods: SMILE notation of 22 volatile compounds of Pogostemon cablin Benth were collected from PubChem and the 3D structure of SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6VXX) was obtained from PDB database. Simulation of interaction between volatile compound and glycoprotein was conducted by using Pyrx molecular docking. Moreover, the complex of compounds-glycoprotein was depicted by using Chimera and the amino acid residue was analysed by using LigPlot. Selected potential compounds were identified for biological activity prediction, drug-likeness, and toxicity analysis.
Results: Analysis showed that among those volatile compounds, only caryophyllene oxide (-6.3 kcal/mol) naturally bind specific into RBD site as compared to the control. Furthermore, it had comparable hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions with glycoprotein. Further analysis showed it has strong potential biological function for antiviral with low toxicity.
Conclusion: Caryophyllene oxide is considered as promising candidate compounds that inhibited viral infection through SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein.
HIBISCUS ROSA-SINENSIS MUCILAGE AS A FUNCTIONAL POLYMER IN PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS: A REVIEW
Authors: YAHAYA NURUL AIMAN , ANUAR NOR KHAIZAN , SAIDIN NOR MAZIAH
Published: January 2023

The administration of drugs into the body is essential for the treatment of diseases. However, drugs need to reach the targeted site to be effective. Excipients such as polymers are used in drug formulations to ensure that drugs exert their therapeutic effects. Recently, plant-based polymers have been extensively explored in pharmaceutical research. These polymers, including gums and mucilages, are investigated for their roles in various pharmaceutical applications. The plant-based polymers have advantages compared to synthetic polymers due to their bioavailability, chemical inertness, non-toxicity and wide availability. When gums or mucilages are combined with other polymers, their final properties improve. In some instances, the characteristics of gums and mucilages such as swelling, flow and mucoadhesive properties are better than the abilities of synthetic materials. This article reviews the use of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (HRS) mucilage as an excipient in several dosage forms to enhance drug delivery systems. Their physicochemical properties and mechanisms of action are also discussed. The review ends with a discussion of the limitations and future prospects of HRS mucilage in pharmaceutical applications.
PREDICTION OF ACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF MUNTINGIA CALABURA AS POTENTIAL TREAT-MENT FOR CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES BY NETWORK PHARMACOLOGY INTEGRATED WITH MOLECULAR DOCKING
Authors: NURHASANAH NENDEN , FADILAH FADILAH , BAHTIAR ANTON
Published: January 2023

Objective: Electronic cigarettes (E-Cigarettes) are often advertised as a safe alternative to smoke cessation. The number of E-Cigarettes users (vapers) has increased in many countries. The health impact of E-Cigarettes research topics still counting constitutes initiating Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). This research aimed to analyze the interaction between genes from E-Cigarettes causing COPD with Muntingia Calabura leaves, which has umpteen pharmacological effects through Bioinformatics.
Methods: The related genes in E-Cigarettes compounds underlying COPD conditions were screened and intersected towards M. Calabura's genes target. The constructed networks were analyzed for their protein-protein interaction and pathway possibilities. The gene with the best betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, and degree value was validated using molecular docking methods for its interaction with M. Calabura leaves.
Results: 12 target genes of M. Calabura and COPD were ALB, MMP-9, ICAM-1, GADPH, VEGFA, MPO, AKT1, ELANE, CXCR2, CFRTR, HSPA1A, and ADRB2. MMP-9 had the best value and then became the gene docked with M. Calabura compounds. The signaling propensity probably was PI3K/AKT pathway. M. Calabura has potentiated as a neutrophil inhibitor to balance protease/anti-protease. From molecular docking analyses, we found that 5,7-Dihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone gave the best conformation with MMP-9 with a binding affinity value of-10 kcal/mol.
Conclusion: M. Calabura can be considered a natural source of candidates for COPD treatment.
4-CHLORO-7-NITROBENZOFURAZAN (NBD-CL) AS PRE AND POST-COLUMN DERIVATIZATION REAGENT FOR AMINE GROUPS ANALYSIS USING CHROMATOGRAPHY: A MINI-REVIEW
Authors: SAPUTRI FEBRINA AMELIA , PRATIWI RIMADANI
Published: January 2023

Derivatization is a modification process to produce a new compound that can be detected using the suitable detector in chromatography analysis. Derivatization reagent is needed to chemically modify a compound. One of a derivatization reagent that is widely used as a fluorogenic and chromogenic reagent in amine group’s analysis using chromatography is 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-Cl). NBD-Cl is considerable attraction because it plays a role in pre and post-column derivatizations fused in chromatography for increasing the selectivity and sensitivity. This review provides an overview of many papers that have been presented regarding the application of 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-Cl) in pre and post-column derivatization in amine group’s analysis and its chromatographic condition from the literature between 2000 to 2022.
LEFLUNOMIDE TABLET FORMULATION: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN RP-HPLC TECHNIQUE
Authors: NARESH POTHURAJU , KUMAR K. VINOD
Published: January 2023

Objective: To develop a Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for Leflunomide using rapid, cheap, economical, and less composition of the mobile phase. To validate the method's specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, and ruggedness were all validated as per regulatory requirements ICH Q2 [R1] guidelines. Methods: The method employed solving of Development and validation based on the measurement of absorbance at one wavelength, 251 nm, λ max, Inertsil-ODS C18 analytical column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5μ). 1.0 ml/min of a mobile phase consisting of water and methanol (40:60v/v) for Leflunomide tablet formulation. Results: The method showed excellent linear response with correlation coefficient (R2) values of 0.999 for a Leflunomide. The percent recoveries for a drug were found within the acceptance limit of (99.93%–100.34%). Intra-and inter-day precision studies of the new method were less than the maximum allowable limit percentage of relative standard deviation (%RSD) ≤ 2.0. It can be concluded from the results that the present method for validation determination of Leflunomide in tablets is specific, rapid, and simple with good sensitivity. Conclusion: This analytical method is also applicable in ordinary laboratories and also technique may be used to measure the drug and assess the uniformity and purity of the dosage formulation as well as for quality control of commercial Leflunomide tablets.
Influence of Popular Online Games on English Language Skills Development of Children in Dhaka City
Authors: Achol Afra Ibnat , Akter Shakila
Published: January 2023

This research paper aims to examine the influence of popular online games played by children on their development of English language skills. The language English carries a certain international status and different research in the field of language pedagogy attempt to find ways for teaching it easily. Different games can be proved helpful for teaching and learning English in interesting ways. Nowadays children are being highly involved in online gaming where they communicate with co-players from different countries using English. Thus, they get exposed to a constructed reality where lies the possibility of developing English language skills through interaction and active learning. To explore that possibility, this research has been conducted on 8-14 years old gamer children of Dhaka city who are yet to be proficient in English language. The sample children were surveyed and observed along with collection of opinions of some of their guardians. The analysis of these data showed that online gaming has brought noticeable development in the speaking skill of these children when listening and reading were facilitated to a certain extent too without much effort. But it has the least or almost no impact on their writing skill. These findings would add knowledge on the field of language pedagogy and facilitate easy learning.
ETNOKONFESIONALNI MOMENAT U ADMINISTRATIVNOJ PODELI – PRIMERI KRALJEVINE SHS I DRUGE POLJSKE REPUBLIKE
Authors: Maksimovic Nebojisa
Published: January 2023

Rad predstavlja pokušaj da se utvrdi veza između administrativno-teritorijalne organizacije i etnokonfesionalne strukture stanovnika na primerima Kraljevine Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca i Republike Poljske u međuratnom periodu. Obe zemlje, pored svih razlika, imale su visok procenat nacionalnih manjina, uz složenu konfesionalnu stukturu. U skladu sa tim, analizirani su popisi stanovništva i pojedini akti, na osnovu kojih je izvedena administrativna organizacija. U Kraljevini SHS kreiran je veći broj manjih oblasti, kako bi se u svesti ujedinjenog naroda relativizovao značaj nekadašnjih državnopravnih celina i istorijskih granica. Poljska vojvodstva nisu kreirana na istim principima, ali se njihovo teritorijalno oblikovanje, kao i u jugoslovenskom slučaju, može analizirati u širem kontekstu etničkih i konfesionalnih odnosa.
EFECTOS REDISTRIBUTIVOS DE LOS COMPONENTES DE GASTO SOCIAL EN MÉXICO, 2008-2020
Authors: Ceballos Mina Owen Eli , Hernández Mota José Luis , Rosas Guzmán Mario Alejandro
Published: January 2023

El artículo analiza los efectos del gasto social y sus componentes desagregados sobre la distribución del ingreso en México usando un panel de las 32 entidades federativas. Se especifica un modelo de determinantes que explica el comportamiento del coeficiente de Gini en términos del gasto social, la pobreza y el crecimiento del país. Se estima un panel dinámico en la modalidad Arellano-Bond para el periodo 2008-2020 y se identifica que los gastos públicos en educación y salud poseen importantes efectos en la reducción de la desigualdad más allá de los efectos de las transferencias condicionadas y del gasto en servicios básicos.
 
REDISTRIBUTIVE EFFECTS FROM SOCIAL EXPENDITURE COMPONENTS IN MEXICO, 2008-2020
ABSTRACT
We analyze the effects of social expenditure components on income distribution in Mexico using a panel of the 32 states. A model of determinants is specified to explains the Gini coefficient behavior by means of social spending, poverty, and growth. We use a dynamic panel and the Arellano-Bond estimator for the period 2008-2020 and show that public expenditures on education and health have effects on reducing inequality that are greater than the effects of conditional transfers and spending on basic services.
Exchange Rate Determinants of the US Dollar and Chinese RMB: a Classical Political Economics Approach
Authors: Poulakis Thanos , Tsaliki Persefoni
Published: January 2023

This paper contributes to the literature on determining the real exchange rates by developing a model that is based on key propositions of the classical political economy within which the real competition governs domestic and international trade, the labor theory of value is underneath domestic and international prices and, under these conditions, the principle of absolute cost advantage shapes international trade. The econometric analysis shows that the relative real unit labor cost is a key regulator of the long-run behavior of real exchange rates in both, China and the USA, for the period 1982-2018.
Vinca Alkaloids – Anti cancer drugs
Authors: Tembhe Harshada , Tasgaonkar Rupali
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Cancer, one of the most common disease, is responsible for nearly 10 million deaths annually. The treatment of cancer typically includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and drug therapy which have a significant financial impact on patients. Also, over the time, patients may develop drug resistance. By applying evidence-based preventative techniques, a significant number of cancer cases can be avoided or treated. Plant-based medications have emerged as hopeful alternatives to chemotherapy in both developed and developing countries. Alkaloids are the secondary plant metabolites that have shown to be effective and acceptable for treating cancer. The secondmost popular family of cancer medications is vinca alkaloids, and they will continue to be utilised for cancer treatment. These medications, which include vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, and vinorelbineare frequently used either alone or in combination with other medications. These cell cycle-dependent drugs work by preventing tubulin from polymerizing into microtubules, which causes cell death. There have been several studies looking at the pharmacological behaviour of this family of antitumor drugs in both humans and animals utilising diverse in vivo and in vitro models. Despite tremendous improvements in the prevention and control of cancer progression, there are still many flaws and space for growth. Several undesirable side effects might occasionally happen when receiving chemotherapy. Natural treatments, and hence the use of cancer therapy agents produced from plants, may reduce negative side effects.
Draudze kā Svētos Rakstus interpretējoša kopiena Stenlija Hauervasa teoloģijā
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Fokrote Līva
Published: January 2023

The themes of distrust towards an individual, the centrality of church as community, and the interactions between community and individual come together in the theology of Stanley Hauerwas, a contemporary American theologian. This paper focuses on a significant area where the interests of an individual and community meet (or collide) – the issue of who has the “right” to interpret the Christian Scripture. Hauerwas gives an unequivocal answer – it is a church. To better understand the claim that church is the only interpreter and interpretative community of the Scripture, the article, first of all, considers two reasons provided by Hauerwas for taking the Bible out of the individual reader’s hands: insufficient formation of an individual in the contemporary church which is more controlled by liberal politics than the Bible politics; and the claim that the Scripture and church are inseparable. Secondly, church as the context for the interpretation of the Bible is described in terms of community and narrative, its goal and practices, virtues and discipleship. Finally, four reasons for Haurwas’s claim that church as community is the only proper interpreter of the Scripture are discussed: 1) the Scripture is the narrative of church; 2) the primary function of the Bible is to maintain and form the church; 3) community gives the Scripture authority and meaning; 4) church is a community with the practices necessary for the proper interpretation of the Scripture. In the end, critical remarks are made about Hauerwas’s understanding of church as the interpretative community of the Scripture. It is noted that his insufficient explication of the concept of individual limits the significance of and need for describing the individual participation in a church. The “vicious circle” of church and the Scripture and the insistence that text does not have any meaning robs the Scripture of its critical authority over against church. As the history of Christianity shows, the Scripture can be used for diverse purposes. Hauerwas’s practice of interpreting the Scripture contradicts his theological claims about church as its sole interpreter.
Synthesis and Study Behavior of Some New Pyridinium Salts as Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in 1M H2SO4
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad-Iraq, A. Raheem Amro , S. Shihab Mehdi ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad-Iraq
Published: January 2023

Some new pyridinium bromide derivatives inhibitors, namely;1-benzyl-4-{N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl) methylidene] hydrazinecarbonyl)pyridine-1-ium bromide, A1; 1-benzyl-4-{N-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazine carbonyl}pyridine-1-ium bromide, A2; 1-benzyl-4-{N-[(4-propoxyphenyl) methylidene] hydrazinecarbo-nyl}pyridine-1-ium bromide, A3; were synthesized and studied as inhibitors corrosion for meld steel in 1M H2SO4solution at room temperature via loss of weight measure ementsfor 24 hours. The results showed that inhibition for all pyridineumbromide derivatives have high values with the high concentrate. Increase in inhibition concentrate with corrosion rate decreases, inhibitor increasing and surface coverage degree increases. The free energy value of revealed physisorption effects for (A1, A2, and A3) and gave useful information to predict the interaction nature between the surface of metal and the organic molecules as corrosion inhibitors.
The Impact of the Drug Methyldopa in Both Medical and Industrial Applications
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq, E. Naoom Noor , A. Yousif Emad ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq, A. Salman Israa ,   College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq, S. Morad Taha ,   College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq, Amalia Husnun ,   Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Mata, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia, M. Yusop Rahimi ,   Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan, 43600 UKM Bangi, Malaysia, M. Redwan Amamer ,   Department ofChemistry, Faculty of Science, Bani Waleed University, PO Box 5338 Tripoli, Libya
Published: January 2023

Methyldopa is a medication usually used to regulate and treat hypertension. It is one of the most commonly used therapies for high blood pressure during pregnancy. Methyldopa acts on blood vessels by providing additional relaxation, therefor blood can flow more easily through the body. Also, Methyldopa is a common medication used during pregnancy and is unlikely to cause any risk to the baby.
Design and Simulation of Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) for Long Term Evolution Systems
Authors:   Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq, N. Taban man , H. Khidhir Ali ,   Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq, A. Naser Ahmed ,   Department of Software, College of Information Technology, University of Ninevah, Mosul, Iraq
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a new calculator form is designed to calculate fundamental parameters for Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA). The special algorithm is configured by MATLAB R2015a software (version 8.5) in the form of a GUIDE programming language to estimate the value of antenna length (La) and width (Wa) by professional software Computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio (Version 2019)is used to design and study the effects of each parameter in the antenna performance. The designed model was used directly in manufacturing through this method without any optimization or improvement. This antenna fabricated on the FR4 substrate has relative permittivity of 4.3 with a volume of (120601.5)mm3and the proposed antenna is fed by microstrip feeding structure. Simulation results of the (PIFA) show that the return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, and impedance are −52.100dB, 686 MHz, 1.0002and 49.99 Ω respectively at resonant frequency 3.5 GHZ.
Some Models of the Finite Hyperbolic Geometry and the Finite Hyperbolic Plane
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, F. Al-Jobory Jinan
Published: January 2023

In this paper, two important models for the finite hyperbolic plane (finite Bolyai-Lobachevsky plane) Bn, m will be given, the first model is when n=3andm=3, while the second model is when n=3andm=4.Also, two important models for the finite hyperbolic geometry (finite Bolyai-Lobachevsky geometry)are given, the first model is when each line contains either 4 or 3 distinct points and each point is on 6distinct lines, while the second model is when each line contains either 3 or 2 distinct points and each point is on either 7 or 8 lines. All models are represented in a simple form, which help the readers and researchers to understand the different factsabout the finite Bolyai-Lobachevsky plane and the finite Bolyai-Lobachevsky geometry.
Fifth Order Improved Runge-Kutta Nystrom Method Using Trigonometrically-Fitting for Solving Oscillatory Problems
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, J. Hasan Waleed , A. Hussain Kasim ,   Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the Trigonometrically Fitted Improved Runge-KuttaNystrom method is proposed as a novel method with four stages and fifth order for solving oscillatory problems. This method is intended to integrate second-order initial value problems using the trigonometrically fitting approach. To increase the method'saccuracy, the principal frequency of the problem푤∈ℝ, is used. It is discovered that the new method is more precise when compared with the other existing Runge-Kutta Nystrom and IRKN5 methods. To show how well the TFIRKN5 method works, test problems for second-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are solved. The numerical outcomes show that the novel approach outperforms methods that have already been published.