bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METHYLENE BLUE REMOVAL FROM RESIDUAL WATER USING FIR WOOD SAWDUST AS ADSORBENT
Authors: UDREA MIHAELA-LUMINITA , PADURETU CARLA-CEZARINA , SUICA-BUNGHEZ IOANA-RALUCA , DONCEA SANDA-MARIA , ION RODICA-MARIANA
Published: March 2021

Methylene blue is generally used as dyeing agent in textile, printing and pharmaceutical industries, which leads to the obtaining of large amounts of wastewater. The purpose of this study is to remove methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions using fir wood sawdust waste as low cost biosorbent material. In order to evaluate the adsorption process, analyses for determination of micrometric properties, infrared spectroscopy, optical microscopy and colorimetry were performed. To increase the efficiency of the process and the adsorption surface, the fir wood sawdust was grinded and sieved. Some specific parameters were varied in the experimental part in order to study the influence of the adsorbent support dose, concentration, temperature, contact time, volume and stirring rate. The removal efficiency of methylene blue dye was further studied for evaluating the adsorption capacity of the fir wood sawdust.
Ensino remoto emergencial durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil
Authors: Neves Vanusa Nascimento Sabino , Valdegil Daniel de Assis , Sabino Raquel do Nascimento
Published: March 2021

A pandemia de COVID-19 impôs o ensino remoto como estratégia de retomada e continuidade das aulas presenciais. Objetivou-se compreender a produção do conhecimento sobre ensino remoto emergencial no primeiro ano de vigência da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo, ancorado na metodologia estado da arte, para mapear e discutir a produção bibliográfica constante no portal SciElo acerca dessa temática. Foram localizados 29 produtos, dos quais selecionaram-se 16. Evidenciou-se que o ensino superior por meio remoto para os cursos da área da saúde recebeu maior ênfase. As categorias que emergiram foram: questões intervenientes no ensino superior; vulnerabilidades evidenciadas pelo ensino remoto emergencial; e potencialidades do ensino remoto. Concluiu-se que, diante dos desafios, têm-se empreendido esforços para reduzir o dano acarretado pela pandemia ao processo ensino-aprendizagem utilizando-se o ensino remoto emergencial, mas faz-se necessário mais investimentos para essa finalidade e de promoção da inclusão digital.
Maximizing the impacts of academic research
Authors: Ahern Samantha Jane
Published: March 2021

A Book review of Dunleavy, P. and Tinkler, J. (2021) Maximizing the impacts of academic research. London: Red Globe Press
CHARACTERIZATION OF TAILINGS FROM THE PROCESSING OF ORNAMENTAL ROCKS
Authors: Sousa Antonio Augusto , Nogueira Hilda Camila , Araújo Gabriela de Castro , Sousa Felipe Augusto , Andrade Alisson Rufino
Published: March 2021

The processing of ornamental rocks promotes the constant generation of abrasive sludge, which, in turn, causes different types of contamination. The possibility of reusing residues generated in industrial processes has economic advantages, therefore, it is necessary to know the physical, chemical and mineral properties of these residues. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the possibilities of application of abrasive mud, generated in industries located in the city of Campina Grande - PB, based on its main characteristics. The methodology consisted of the following analyzes: X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, particle size analysis and physical-chemical analysis. Chemical analyzes revealed that the residues have interesting characteristics, mainly for use in civil construction. The mineralogical analysis indicated that the sample has an essential mineral composition for the cosmetic industry, which was confirmed by the detected elements present. The study of the particle size characterized the sample as material of irregular shape and with good micronization, confirming the potential for reuse as a cosmetic, while the morphological analysis showed the presence of iron as a limiting factor for certain applications. Physico-chemical tests confirmed the characteristics common to abrasive sludge. The characterized samples showed, in general, satisfactory properties with regard to its use as an alternative material in different segments.
Impact of preoperative education on ostomy patients quality of life
Authors: Ažukienė Barbora , Šimčikas Dainius
Published: March 2021

Human well-being is directly related to his health. Preoperative training of patients and selection of the optimal stoma location are probably the most important factors influencing the postoperative quality of life of stoma patients.

Study aim - to determine the impact of preoperative training on the quality of life of stoma patients.

Study methods. The analysis of the scientific literature and quantitative research was used for the survey, which was carried out by a written questionnaire. The patients interviewed were both inpatient and patients arriving for outpatient consultation. The survey was conducted in June-November, 2020, with the oral consent of the respondents. 150 questionnaires were distributed, 144 questionnaires were returned, but 6 of them were incomplete. Return of questionnaires - 92 percent.

Results. The study found that patients, with whom the optimal bowel stoma location was not discussed before surgery, were significantly more likely to have poor quality of life, it also turned out that as many as one-fifth of patients did not receive any information about the stoma and were not acquainted with the peculiarities of intestinal stoma care, and almost half of the respondents received this information after the stoma opera-tion.

Conclusions. Preoperative patient training and collaboration are directly related to patients’ quality of life after bowel stoma formation surgery.
ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF MEGA SPORTING EVENTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS: A CASE OF THE 2022 FIFA WORLD CUP IN QATAR
Authors: Khalifa Nasser K A Al-Dosari
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the impacts of Mega Sporting Events on human rights, focusing on the FIFA 2022 World Cup in Qatar.

Methodology: The study adopted a case study research design. The study administered structured questionnaires to a target population of 520 respondents out of which 400 respondents returned filled questionnaires. Simple random sampling was used to select a sample size of 400 respondents working in different activities related to the FIFA 2022 Association World Cup in Qatar. The quantitative data obtained was analysed using the SPSS version 25 for data analysis through the use of descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages with t-tests used to test the significance of the frequencies. Multiple linear regression was used to depict the relationship between the dependent and predictor variables.

Findings: The findings of the study demonstrated that there exist human rights guiding principles, most of which have been adopted from international declarations, conventions and treaties. Also, the study found out that the different phases of the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar have significant effects on adverse human rights and also significantly present opportunities for advancing human rights. Besides, the study found that challenges such as the Kafala Scheme, increase in unregulated recruitment agents, religion and Qatar’s tradition continue to inhibit efforts that have been put in place by different actors towards enhancing human rights.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy : The study recommend policy measures focusing on Mega Sporting Events’ towards influencing sustainability and the effect of Mega Sporting Events human rights for both local residents and migrant workers.
DOCKING MOLECULAR E AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE ANTILEISHMANIA IN VITRO DE UM COMPLEXO METÁLICO DE RUTÊNIO COM EPIISOPILOTURINA E ÓXIDO NÍTRICO
Authors: Araújo Joabe
Published: March 2021

.
A leishmaniose é uma doença infecciosa crônica, ocasionada em humanos pela picada de um mosquito infectado classificado como flebotomíneo. Após a infecção, os parasitas metacíclicos de Leishmania, irão interagir principalmente com células fagocitárias que irão infectar e atingir os tecidos e órgãos, a depender da espécie de Leishmania e da interação imune e genética do hospedeiro. A L. major possui características únicas dentro do seu gênero, que a diferencia da T. brucei e T. cruzi metabolicamente. Além de terem características próprias dentro do seu genoma, também apresentam organelas particulares tais como os glicossomos, que funcionam como reservatórios de enzimas glicolíticas e cinetoplasto. A Química Quântica Computacional disponibiliza de dados algoritmos que nos permite localizar e decifrar estado de transição em transformações químicas nos fornecendo informações relevantes sobre interações moleculares de um potencial biológico, onde os resultados quânticos são de 95% de confiança. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar testes de docking molecular e avaliação da atividade antileishmania in vitro de um complexo metálico de rutênio com epiisopiloturina e óxido nítrico (Epiruno2). As estruturas das proteínas em 3D dos alvos de L. major foram obtidas no banco de dados Protein Data Bank (PDB) com os códigos 1e7w (Pteridine reductase), 5nzg (UDP-glucose Pyrophosphorylase), 5g20 (Glycyl Peptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase), 5c7p (Nucleoside diphosphate kinase), 1ezr (Nucleoside hydrolase), 1lml (Leishmanolysin), 4ef8 (Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase), 5l42 (Pteridine reductase 1), 3ogz (UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase), 3tue (Tryparedoxin peroxidase) e 2xe4 (Oligopeptidase B).
TRANSPARANSI PENGELOLAAN DANA DESA DI DESA MELILIAN KECAMATAN GELUMBANG KABUPATEN MUARA ENIM
Authors: Purwanti Umi
Published: March 2021

Transparency is one of the principles that can guarantee access or freedom for all people to obtain information about the administration and management carried out by the government. With the principle of transparency, it is hoped that the Melilian Village government, Gelumbang District, will manage the Village Fund transparently and involve the Village community. This study aims to describe the management of Village Funds and the mechanisms for managing Village Funds carried out by the Melilian Village Government, Gelumbang District, Muara Enim Regency. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques in this study include, observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that the management of the Village Fund carried out by the Melilian Village government, Gelumbang District, was in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations and involved the community from the planning, implementation, administration, reporting and accountability stages to the delivery of development results. Based on the transparency indicator, it shows that there is availability of document accessibility as well as completeness, clarity and convenience for the public to access information as a whole with the installation of billboards and information boards at several points. This study concludes that Melilian Village, Gelumbang Subdistrict, has carried out the process of the Village Fund management mechanism in stages by involving several related elements including the people of Melilian Village, Gelumbang District.
Hand's Functional Status of Children with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Everyday Activities: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ikram Hafiza Ayesha , Ahad Wajeeha Abdul , Huma Fazila
Published: March 2021

Objective: Rheumatoid Arthritis [RA] is a chronic, systemic, autoimmune disease on an unknown aetiology. It leads to the progressive destruction of joints. It also warrants difficulties in performance of Activities of Daily Living(ADL). This study aimed at determine relationship between activities of daily living [ADL] and functional status of the hand. Methods: This Crossectional Study was conducted at Romatology Department Children Hospital and Sheikh Zayed Hospital Lahore from June 2018 to December 2018. Convenient sampling technique helped in the collection of data. A hand function questionnaire and the Barthel Index were the contributary data collection methods. Rheumatoid Arthritis [RA] patients selected were those experiencing functional impairment in hands, having difficulty in performing ADL. Results: The patients who were able to perform the hand function test were independent in their daily life activities. Whereas, those who were not able to perk the test were dependent on their daily life activities. Conclusion: It was found that children with RA had a significant association between performing the ADL and functional status of hand. Key Words: Activities of Daily Living [ADL], Rheumatoid Arthritis [RA] How to cite: Ikram A.H., Ahad A.W., Huma Fazlia. Hand's functional status of children with rheumatoid arthritis in everyday activities: a cross-sectional study Esculapio. 2021.17(01): 9-14
On Locally-Balanced 2-Partitions of Complete Multipartite Graphs
Authors: Gharibyan Aram , Petrosyan Petros
Published: March 2021

A 2-partition of a graph G is a function f : V (G) →{White; Black}. A 2-partition f of a graph G is locally-balanced with an open neighborhood if for every ϑ ϵ V (G), ||{u ϵ NG(v): f (u) = White} |-| {u ϵ NG(v): f(u) = Black} ≤1; where NG(v) ={u ϵ V (G): uv ϵ E(G) }. A 2-partition f՛ 0 of a graph G is locallybalanced with a closed neighborhood if for every v ϵ V(G), ||{u ϵ NG(v): f՛ (u) = White} |-| {u ϵ NG[v]:; where NG[v] = NG(v)∪{v.} In this paper we give necessary and su±cient conditions for the existence of locally-balanced 2-partitions of complete multipartite graphs.
Two Generalized Lower Bounds for the Circumference
Authors: Mossine S. , Nikoghosyan Zhora
Published: March 2021

In 2013, the second author obtained two lower bounds for the length of a longest cycle C in a graph G in terms of the length of a longest path (a longest cycle) in G¡C and the minimum degree of G (Zh.G. Nikoghosyan, "Advanced Lower Bounds for the Circumference", Graphs and Combinatorics 29, pp. 1531-1541, 2013). In this paper we present two analogous bounds based on the average of the ¯rst i smallest degrees in G ¡ C for appropriate i instead of the minimum degree
ПРОБЛЕМА ПЛАГІАТУ В КОНТЕКСТІ АКАДЕМІЧНОЇ ЕТИКИ
Authors: Прокопова Ольга , Ляска Оксана
Published: March 2021

Стаття присвячена питанням дотримання засад академічної чесності, яка на рівні університету має стати частиною академічної еитики, підкріпленої бажанням та рішучістю запровадження нової моделі і принципів академічної взаємодії. Кожен уні верситет може підбирати найбільш зручні для нього засоби врегулювання проблем плагіату, формуючи етос академічної чесності та відкритості
USING OF MEMOIZATION IN ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS SIGN PLACEMENT PROBLEMS
Authors: Shportko Olexandr , Malash Kateryna , Bomba Andrii , Havryliuk Volodymyr
Published: March 2021

The article compares two ways of solving the arithmetic operations sign placement problem: method based on recursion and dynamic programming based one which uses the memoization. Limitations on the intermediate results of the problem solution are identified and justified. It is shown that the use of memoization to cut off ineffective search options makes it possible to accelerate the corresponding algorithms execution by tens times.
The role of nutrition in strengthening immune system against newly emerging viral diseases: case of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Khaled Meghit Boumediene , Benajiba Nada
Published: March 2021

The immune system is involved in the protection of host against environmental agents such as pathogenic micro-organisms (bacteria, fungi, and viruses) and chemicals, thereby preserving the integrity of the body. To preserve organism defense mechanisms, adequate nutritional status should be maintained with appropriate intakes of calories, vitamins, minerals and water that should be continuously provided by a healthy diet. The emergence of new infectious diseases with new pathogenic properties constitutes a serious health issue worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) represents one of the most recent emerging infectious diseases, caused by a novel coronavirus member called (SARS-CoV-2), identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019, and recognized as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The nutritional status of each COVID-19-infected patient should be assessed prior undertaking treatments. Nutritional support should be the basis of management of any infected individual. However, prevention measures remain the first priority and strategy to develop throughout proper hygiene, healthy diet and staying home.
Keywords: Nutrition, Immune system, Viral diseases, SARS-CoV-2.
Climate impact of volcanic eruptions: the sensitivity to eruption season and latitude in MPI-ESM ensemble experiments
Authors: Zhuo Zhihong , Kirchner Ingo , Pfahl Stephan , Cubasch Ulrich
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Explosive volcanic eruptions influence near-surface temperature and precipitation especially in the monsoon regions, but the impact varies with different eruption seasons and latitudes. To study this variability, two groups of ensemble simulations are performed with volcanic eruptions in June and December at 0° representing an equatorial eruption (EQ) and at 30° N and 30° S representing northern and southern hemisphere eruptions (NH and SH). Results show significant cooling especially in areas with enhanced volcanic aerosol content. Stronger cooling emerges in the northern (southern) hemisphere after the NH (SH) eruption compared to the EQ eruption. Stronger precipitation variations occur in the tropics than in the high latitudes. Summer and winter eruptions lead to similar climate impacts. The NH and the SH eruptions have reversed climate impacts, especially in the South Asian monsoon regions. After the NH (SH) eruption, direct radiative effects of volcanic aerosols induce changes in the interhemispheric and land-sea thermal contrasts, which move the intertropical convergence zone southward (northward) and weaken (strengthen) the South Asian summer monsoon. This reduces (increases) the moisture transport from the ocean to India, and reduces (enhances) cloud formation. The subsequent radiative feedbacks due to regional cloud cover lead to warming (cooling) in India. This emphasis the sensitivity of regional climate impacts of volcanic eruptions to eruption latitude, which relates to the dynamical response of the climate system to radiative effects of volcanic aerosols and the subsequent regional physical feedbacks.
Observed trends in clouds and precipitation (1983–2009): implications for their cause(s)
Authors: Zhong Xiang , Liu Shaw Chen , Liu Run , Wang Xinlu , Mo Jiajia , Li Yanzi
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Satellite observations (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), 1983–2009) of linear trends in cloud cover are compared to those
in global precipitation (Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) pentad V2.2, 1983–2009), to investigate possible cause(s) of the linear
trends in both cloud cover and precipitation. The spatial distributions of the linear trends in total cloud cover and precipitation are both
characterized primarily by a broadening of the major ascending zone of Hadley circulation. Our correlation studies suggest that global warming,
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) can explain 67 %, 49 % and 38 %, respectively, of the
spatial variabilities in the linear trends in cloud cover, but causality is harder to establish. Further analysis of the broadening of the major
ascending zone of Hadley circulation shows that the trend in global temperature, rather than those in AMO and PDO, is the primary contributor to the
observed linear trends in total cloud cover and precipitation in 1983–2009. The underlying mechanism driving this broadening is proposed to be the
moisture–convection–latent-heat feedback cycle under global warming conditions. The global analysis is extended by investigating connections
between clouds and precipitation in China, based on a large number of long-running, high-quality surface weather stations in 1957–2005. This
reveals a quantitative matching relationship between the reduction in light precipitation and the reduction in total cloud cover. Furthermore, our
study suggests that the reduction in cloud cover in China is primarily driven by global temperature; PDO plays a secondary role, while the
contribution from AMO and Niño3.4 is insignificant, consistent with the global analysis.
Spatiotemporal variation, sources, and secondary transformation potential of volatile organic compounds in Xi'an, China
Authors: Song Mengdi , Li Xin , Yang Suding , Yu Xuena , Zhou Songxiu , Yang Yiming , Chen Shiyi , Dong Huabin , Liao Keren , Chen Qi , Lu Keding , Zhang Ningning , Cao Junji , Zeng Limin , Zhang Yuanhang
Published: March 2021

Abstract. As critical precursors of ozone (O3) and secondary
organic aerosols, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a vital role in air
quality, human health, and climate change. In this study, a campaign of
comprehensive field observations and VOC grid sampling was conducted in
Xi'an, China, from 20 June to 20 July 2019 to identify the spatiotemporal
concentration levels, sources, and secondary transformation potential of
VOCs. During the observation period, the average VOC concentrations at the
Chanba (CB), Di Huan Suo (DHS), Qinling (QL), and gridded sampling sites
were 27.8 ± 8.9, 33.8 ± 10.5, 15.5 ± 5.8, and 29.1 ± 8.4 ppb, respectively. Vehicle exhaust was the primary source of VOC
emissions in Xi'an, and the contributions of vehicle exhaust to VOCs at the
CB, DHS, and QL sites were 41.3 %, 30.6 %, and 23.6 %–41.4 %,
respectively. While industrial emissions were the second-largest source of
VOCs in urban areas, contributions from aging sources were high in rural
areas. High potential source contribution function values primarily appeared
in eastern and southern Xi'an near the sampling site, which indicates that
Xi'an exhibits a strong local VOC source. Moreover, alkenes, aromatics, and
oxygenated VOCs played a dominant role in secondary transformation, which is
a major concern in reducing O3 pollution in Xi'an.
Diverging land-use projections cause large variability in their impacts on ecosystems and related indicators for ecosystem services
Authors: Bayer Anita D. , Fuchs Richard , Mey Reinhard , Krause Andreas , Verburg Peter H. , Anthoni Peter , Arneth Almut
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Land-use models and integrated assessment models provide scenarios of land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes following pathways or storylines related to
different socioeconomic and environmental developments. The large diversity of available scenario projections leads to a recognizable variability
in impacts on land ecosystems and the levels of services provided. We evaluated 16 projections of future LULC until 2040 that reflected different
assumptions regarding socioeconomic demands and modeling protocols. By using these LULC projections in a state-of-the-art dynamic global vegetation model,
we simulated their effect on selected ecosystem service indicators related to ecosystem productivity and carbon sequestration potential,
agricultural production and the water cycle. We found that although a common trend for agricultural expansion exists across the scenarios, where and
how particular LULC changes are realized differs widely across models and scenarios. They are linked to model-specific considerations of some
demands over others and their respective translation into LULC changes and also reflect the simplified or missing representation of processes
related to land dynamics or other influencing factors (e.g., trade, climate change). As a result, some scenarios show questionable and possibly
unrealistic features in their LULC allocations, including highly regionalized LULC changes with rates of conversion that are contrary to or
exceed rates observed in the past. Across the diverging LULC projections, we identified positive global trends of net primary productivity
(+10.2 % ± 1.4 %), vegetation carbon (+9.2 % ± 4.1 %), crop production (+31.2 % ± 12.2 %) and water
runoff (+9.3 % ± 1.7 %), and a negative trend of soil and litter carbon stocks (−0.5 % ± 0.4 %). The variability in
ecosystem service indicators across scenarios was especially high for vegetation carbon stocks and crop production. Regionally, variability was
highest in tropical forest regions, especially at current forest boundaries, because of intense and strongly diverging LULC change projections in
combination with high vegetation productivity dampening or amplifying the effects of climatic change. Our results emphasize that information on
future changes in ecosystem functioning and the related ecosystem service indicators should be seen in light of the variability originating from
diverging projections of LULC. This is necessary to allow for adequate policy support towards sustainable transformations.
Structural, petrophysical and geological constraints in potential field inversion using the Tomofast-x v1.0 open-source code
Authors: Giraud Jeremie , Ogarko Vitaliy , Martin Roland , Jessell Mark , Lindsay Mark
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The quantitative integration of geophysical measurements with data and information from other disciplines is becoming increasingly important in answering the challenges of undercover imaging and of the modelling of complex areas. We propose a review of the different techniques for the utilisation of structural, petrophysical and geological information in single physics and joint inversion as implemented in the Tomofast-x open-source inversion platform. We detail the range of constraints that can be applied to the inversion of potential field data. The inversion examples we show illustrate a selection of scenarios using a realistic synthetic dataset inspired by real-world geological measurements and petrophysical data from the Hamersley region (Western Australia). Using Tomofast-x’s flexibility, we investigate inversions combining the utilisation of petrophysical, structural and/or geological constraints while illustrating the utilisation of the L-curve principle to determine regularisation weights. Our results suggest that the utilisation of geological information to derive disjoint interval bound constraints is the most effective method to recover the true model. It is followed by model smoothness and smallness conditioned by geological uncertainty, and cross-gradient minimisation.
Intercomparison of global reanalysis precipitation for flood risk modelling
Authors: McClean Fergus , Dawson Richard , Kilsby Chris
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Reanalysis datasets are increasingly used to drive flood models, especially for continental and global analysis, and in areas of data scarcity. However, the consequence of this for risk estimation has not been fully explored. We investigate the impact of using four reanalysis products (ERA-5, CFSR, MERRA-2 and JRA-55) on simulations of historic flood events in Northern England. These results are compared to a benchmark national gauge-based product (CEH-GEAR1hr). All reanalysis products predicted fewer buildings would be inundated by the events than the national dataset. JRA-55 was the worst by a significant margin, underestimating by 40 % compared with 14–18 % for the other reanalysis products. CFSR estimated building inundation the most accurately, while ERA-5 demonstrated the lowest error in terms of river stage (29.4 %) and floodplain depth (28.6 %). Accuracy varied geographically and no product performed the best across all basins. Global reanalysis products provide a useful resource for flood modelling where no other data is available, but they should be used with caution. Until a more systematic international strategy for the collection of rainfall data ensures more complete global coverage of validation data, multiple reanalysis products should be used concurrently to capture the range of uncertainties.
A standardized index for assessing sub-monthly compound dry and hot conditions with application in China
Authors: Li Jun , Wang Zhaoli , Wu Xushu , Zscheischler Jakob , Guo Shenglian , Chen Xiaohong
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Compound dry and hot conditions frequently cause large impacts on
ecosystems and societies worldwide. A suite of indices is available for the assessment of droughts and heatwaves, yet there is no index available for
incorporating the joint variability of dry and hot conditions at the sub-monthly scale. Here we introduce a daily-scale index, called the standardized
compound drought and heat index (SCDHI), to assess compound dry-hot
conditions. The SCDHI is based on a daily drought index (the standardized
antecedent precipitation evapotranspiration index – SAPEI), the daily-scale standardized temperature index (STI), and a joint probability distribution method. The new index is verified against real-world compound dry and hot
events and associated observed vegetation impacts in China. The SCDHI can
not only capture compound dry and hot events at both monthly and sub-monthly
scales, but is also a good indicator for associated vegetation impacts. Using the SCDHI, we quantify the frequency, severity, duration, and intensity of compound dry-hot events during the historical period and assess the
ability of climate models to reproduce these characteristics in China. We
find that compound events whose severity is at least light and which last
longer than 2 weeks generally persisted for 20–35 d in China. Southern China suffered from compound events most frequently, and the most severe
compound events were mainly detected in this region. Climate models
generally overestimate the frequency, duration, severity, and intensity of compound events in China, especially for western regions, which can be
attributed to a too strong dependence between the SAPEI and STI in those
models. The SCDHI provides a new tool to quantify sub-monthly
characteristics of compound dry and hot events and to monitor their
initiation, development, and decay. This is important information for
decision-makers and stakeholders to release early and timely warnings.
Design and analysis of a light electric vehicle
Authors: Lin Chang-Sheng , Yu Chang-Chen , Ciou Yue-Hao , Wu Yi-Xiu , Hsu Chuan-Hsing , Li Yi-Ting
Published: March 2021

Abstract. This paper discusses a systematic vehicle design process in which light weight is taken as the vehicle design objective, and the designed frame is analyzed in detail. The load condition of a vehicle under different circumstances is calculated according to the distances from the front and rear wheels to the centroid position. The stress on the components in the condition is analyzed by finite element analysis, the steering geometry of the vehicle is analyzed, and the vehicle's turning angle and radius are designed. The displacement of the vehicle under a load is calculated by rigidity analysis to determine the stability of the vehicle in motion. The experimental modal analysis of the real frame and the finite element method are verified mutually for the electric vehicle body-in-white (BIW) manufacturing process to determine the consistency of model formation and the real frame. In terms of the circuit design, we used no-fuse switches and fuses to provide overcurrent protection for the main power supply, and the chip is combined with an optically coupled circuit and current sensor, which is driven by a restriction controller for protection. Moreover, a solid-state relay (SSR) is used for current protection and for controlling the forward/reverse rotation of the motor.
Debris Flow event on Osorno volcano, Chile, during summer 2017: New interpretations for chain processes in the Southern Andes
Authors: Fustos-Toribio Ivo Janos , Morales-Vargas Bastian , Somos-Valenzuela Marcelo , Moreno-Yaeger Pablo , Muñoz-Ramirez Ramiro , Rodriguez Araneda Ines , Chen Ningsheng
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Debris flow generation on volcanic zones at the Southern Andes has not widely studied, despite the enormous economic and infrastructure damage that these events can generate. The present work contributes to the understanding of these dynamics based on a study of the 2017 Petrohué debris flow event from two complementary points of view. First, a comprehensive field survey allowed to delimitate that a rockfall initiated the debris-flow due to intense rainfall event. The rockfall lithology corresponds to lava blocks and autobrecciated lavas, predominantly over 1500 m.a.s.l. Second, the process was numerically modelled and constrained by in situ data collection and geomorphological mapping. The event was studied by back analysis using the height of flow measured in road CH-255 with errors of 5%. Debris flow volume has a high sensitivity with the initial water content in the block fall zone, ranging between 4.7x105 up to 5.5x105 m3, depending on the digital elevation model (DEM) used. Therefore, debris flow showed that the zone is controlled by the initial water content available previous to the block fall. Moreover, our field data suggest that future debris flows events can take place removing material from the volcanic edifice. We conclude that similar events could occur in the future and that it is necessary to increase the mapping of zones with autobrecciated lava close to the volcano summit. Finally, the study contributes to understanding debris flows in the Southern Andes since the Osorno volcano shares similar features with other stratovolcanoes in the region.
Dynamical and Surface Impacts of the January 2021 Sudden Stratospheric Warming in Novel Aeolus Wind Observations, MLS and ERA5
Authors: Wright Corwin J. , Hall Richard J. , Banyard Timothy P. , Hindley Neil P. , Mitchell Daniel M. , Seviour William J. M.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Major sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are extreme dynamical events where the usual strong westerly winds of the stratospheric polar vortex temporarily weaken or reverse and polar stratospheric temperatures rise by tens of Kelvin over just a few days. Via dynamical modification of the atmosphere below them, SSWs are believed to be a key contributor to extreme winter weather events at the surface over the following weeks. Due to the major technical challenges involved in measuring wind from space, SSW-induced changes to the structure of the polar vortex have never previously been directly observed at the global scale. Here, we exploit novel observations from ESA's flagship Aeolus wind-profiler mission, supported by additional temperature and geopotential height data from NASA's MLS limb sounder and the ERA5 reanalysis. This allows us to directly examine wind and related dynamical changes associated with the January 2021 major SSW, the first such event in the Aeolus data record. Aeolus is the first satellite mission to systematically and directly acquire profiles of wind, and therefore our results represent the first direct measurements of SSW-induced wind changes at the global scale. We see a complete reversal of the zonal winds in the lower-middle stratosphere, with reversed winds in some geographic regions reaching down to the bottom 2 km of the atmosphere. These altered winds are associated with major changes to surface temperature patterns, and in particular we see a strong potential linkage from the SSW to extreme winter-weather outbreaks in Greece and Texas during late January and early February. Our results 1) demonstrate the benefits of wind-profiling satellites such as Aeolus in terms of both their direct measurement capability and use in supporting reanalysis-driven interpretation of stratosphere-troposphere coupling signatures, 2) provide a detailed dynamical description of a major weather event, and 3) have implications for the development of Earth-System models capable of accurately forecasting extreme winter weather.
Changes in the Cerrado vegetation structure: insights from more than three decades of ecological succession
Authors: Gonçalves Rogério Victor S. , Cardoso João Custódio F. , Oliveira Paulo Eugênio , Oliveira Denis Coelho
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Changes in the vegetation of Brazilian Cerrado may occur over time. However, long-term dynamics are not fully understood yet, especially woody plant encroachment (WPE). The objective of this study was to examine changes in vegetation structure in a preserved area in Triângulo Mineiro region, within the southern Brazilian Cerrado domain, over 32 years (1987, 2005, and 2019). We based the study on field and literature surveys, as well as satellite imagery, and hypothesized that, due to the absence of periodic fires or grazing, Cerrado open formations (i.e., grassland or savanna) tend to become denser due to WPE. Shrubby grassland cover assessed in 1987 disappeared in the following periods (from 30.0 % to 0.0 % in 2019) while forest formations increased (from 7.0 % in 1987 to 11.0 % in 2019). Changes between 2005 and 2019 occurred within the stricto sensu cerrado subdivisions, with reduction of sparse cerrado (from 34.2 % to 7.7 %) and an increase in dense cerrado (from 6.9 % to 39.8 %). Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) applied for similar periods indicates a progressive increase of values over time (from 1986 (0.61±0.10) to 2004 (0.65±0.06) and 2018 (0.78±0.05)) and corroborates the WPE process. These patterns imply the loss of biodiversity in open plant formation. Another major consequence was the reduction of wetlands and possible impact on water supply. Such patterns are important to support plant management plans for the threatened Cerrado open plant formations.
Motivation (Constructs) Made Simpler: Adapting Self-Determination Theory for Community-Based Youth Development Programs
Authors: Jones Denise , Feigenbaum Paul , Jones Dennis F.
Published: March 2021

Motivation is a key factor for enhancing psychological engagement among underserved youth. However, the abundance of motivational constructs complicates the translation of theory into practice by community-based youth development programs. This paper simplifies the translation process, presenting an actionable motivation model derived from Ryan and Deci’s (2000) self-determination theory (SDT) and its sub-construct, organismic integration theory (OIT). This model was developed by Youth Enrichment Services (YES), a Pittsburgh-based nonprofit that cultivates long-term relationships, academic and professional success, and community engagement among low-income, adolescent students of color. Although intrinsic motivation to learn is more positively associated with psychological engagement than extrinsic motivation, contemporary institutions are built around extrinsic incentives. Therefore, guided by OIT, this model cultivates the gradual internalization of motivational regulation by supporting youth’s psychological needs of relatedness, competences, and autonomy. As a practical application of self-determination theory, this model holds promise for adoption by other youth development programs.
The unnoticed Wojciech Kętrzyński’s 1862 publication
about Königsberg
Authors: Jasiński Janusz
Published: March 2021

The article recalls Wojciech Kętrzyński’s forgotten text from 1862 about the history of Königsberg pub�lished in Warsaw in “Tygodnik Ilustrowany”.
Pan Podstoli: Interspecific oscillation of text
Authors: Bohuszewicz Paweł
Published: March 2021

The article “Pan Podstoli”: Interspecific Oscillation of the Text is a polemic on the text of Piotr Żbikowski’s
The Origins of the Polish Novel, i.e. the Genological Structure of “Pan Podstoli”, in which the author tries to prove that the work of Krasicki is not a novel, but a mirror. Żbikowski is fundamentally right, but his powerful argument
is not fully convincing, insofar as it does not cover the entirety of Krasicki’s text. In my article I try to show that in
“Pan Podstoli” there are fragments that escape the logic of the mirror, and which perfectly implement the logic of
the novel. In this respect the earlier findings of researchers demonstrating the hybrid nature of the work remain
valid, but my own contribution shows that this hybrid is internally different
Sources for the History of the World War
in the State Archives in Olsztyn
Authors: Maksymowicz Sławomir
Published: March 2021

Various archives concerning the issues of daily life in East Prussia during World War II have been pre�served in the State Archives in Olsztyn (APO). In the archival units, it is possible to find both information con�cerning both the German preparations for the war in the province and the course of the war not only in East
Prussia, but also on the Western Front – in Belgium or France, the process of reconstruction of the destroyed
East Prussian villages and towns and the means of commemorating the fallen soldiers fighting on both sides. The
archives of the First World War and its consequences relate to many units.
The intention of the author was to present the history of the First World War on the basis of archives
assembled in the APO and in the Royal Calendar of Prussian Evangelicals in 1916 and in 1917, stored in the Re�search Centre in Olsztyn. The files stored in the APO are diverse and allow for a comprehensive understanding of
issues relating to the course of this war, ranging from mobilization, military operations, Russian occupation, to the
crimes and war crimes committed by the aggressor on the local civilian population. A separate aspect touches on
the process of reconstruction of the province from the time of destruction and includes the care of war casualties.
The Bishop of Warmia, Jan Stefan Wydżga’s confidences
in the letters to the canon of Warmia, Zacharias Jan Szolc
Authors: Achremczyk Stanisław
Published: March 2021

Jan Stefan Wydżga (c. 1610–1685) maintained close contacts with Zachariasz Janusz Szolc, a Warmian
canon with whom he was linked not only by his affinity but also by many years of cooperation and friendship. Traces of the affinity between the two dignitaries can be found in correspondence housed in the Archives of the
Archdiocese of Warmia in Olsztyn, in which Wydżga describes his everyday problems with episcopal adminis�tration, his health, and experiences associated with political activity. From this correspondence we learn about
the many interesting matters of the Sejm at the time, the relationship between the monarchy and Bishop Wydżga,
the possibilities of travelling during the period of his function (he held the office of bishop in 1659–1679) and the
culinary preferences of the time.
Administration of the Warmia region
in the light of its domestic l
Authors: Kiełbik Jerzy
Published: March 2021

Autonomia i specyfika Warmii, tego małego kraiku, powodowały, że panował w nim swoisty „mikroklimat”. Obejmował on społeczeństwo, gospodarkę, także obyczajowość. Cechy te pogłębiane były, przez odcięcie od
Polski, pozostawanie na peryferiach, otoczenie zewsząd przez luterańskie Prusy. W efekcie Warmia zmieniała się
powoli, ewoluowała, pozostając jednak wciąż mocno tradycjonalistyczną, czego ewidentne dowody znajdujemy
w zakresie prawa. Warmińskie ustawy krajowe były z jednej strony tego przykładem, zawierały jednak niekiedy
rozwiązania nowoczesne, czego być może wzorcem były sąsiednie Prusy. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi syntetyczny zarys dziejów zarządzania Warmią oraz zbiór informacji na temat podstawowych aktów prawnych, którymi
kierować się musieli mieszkańcy w swoim życiu prywatnym – ustawach krajowych. Przeanalizowane zostały
również najważniejsze etapy prowadzące do ukształtowania się ustroju Warmii w swej podstawowej formie oraz
relacje pomiędzy biskupem, a kapitułą katedralną.
caçador xamã
Authors: Melo Maycon H. F. de
Published: March 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever os conhecimentos a que os caçadores do povo Gavião, falantes Jê que vivem na Amazônia maranhense, recorrem na tentativa de controlar as capacidades agentivas dos animais ao torná-los comida ou adorno. Quando se encontram em atividades cinegéticas, caçadores e animais estão disputando condições de produção e reprodução, e a relação malsucedida entre eles desencadeia um processo de adoecimento e morte do caçador, de sua esposa ou filho. Argumento que os caçadores desenvolveram um sistema de etnoclassificação ambiental que distingue os animais frente aos domínios cósmicos e habitats que ocupam, quanto a seus aspectos morfológicos, a dimensão estética de seus corpos e a completa interdição aos humanos. Se a dualidade Jê entre vivos e mortos pode ser resolvida pela ação dos xamãs, a dualidade entre humano e animal pode ser pensada pela intermediação dos caçadores que, como os xamãs, agem como intermediários entre dois mundos diferentes, encontrando na classificação dos animais e ambientes uma dinâmica entre um mundo pensado e um mundo vivido.
Frankenstein's Creature on Film in the Twenty-first Century: Posthuman Monster, Saviour, and Victim Narratives
Authors: Mitchell Paul
Published: March 2021

This article offers an original reading of six contemporary cinema and television adaptations of Frankenstein by arguing that the creature's depiction reveals three previously unheralded narratives of posthuman embodiment. Collectively, these engage with—and, often, subvert—the culturally dominant filmic reading of the creature as monstrous, while also displaying an urgent engagement with the ethical concerns around modern technophilic science, particularly synthetic biology. Posthuman monster narratives are, superficially, the most reactionary in their depiction of the creature as a threat to the human subject. Nevertheless, in films such as Frankenstein Reborn (Leigh Scott 2005) and Frankenstein vs. the Mummy (Damian Leone 2005), the creature's intertextual stylization also reveals an underlying hybridization of identities that gestures toward Haraway's notion of cyborgean fusion. The posthuman saviour narratives, Frankenstein (Marcus Nispel 2004) and I, Frankenstein (Stuart Beattie 2014) continues this arc by promoting identity confusion over stability, a concept that is replicated by the films’ discordant amalgamation of diverse genres. By exploring the subjective embodiment of Frankenstein's creatures, these adaptations move toward the concerns of Frankenstein (Jed Mercurio 2007) and Frankenstein (Bernard Rose, 2015), posthuman victim narratives that consider the suffering of those engineered/synthetic beings that capitalistic bioscience increasingly has the potential to create.
Literary Genre as a Theoretical Colonization by Modernism: ArabicBalāghahand its Literariness in Ancient Egyptian Literature
Authors: Rashwan Hany
Published: March 2021

Many generations of Euro-American Egyptologists have investigated ancient Egyptian compositions from different perspectives by employing several Euro-American analytical methods. The whole discussion of literary and non-literary texts in the ancient Egyptian culture has been one-sided in so far as it has mostly concerned itself with applying theories extracted from modern Euro-American print culture. This article offers a literature review that exposes the pitfalls involved in any generalizations that would link ancient Egyptian literature with the interdependency of the print industry and the rise of the modern concept of literary genre. It seeks to expand scholarship regarding the question of literariness in the ancient Egyptian literary culture by examining the close relationship between pre-modern Arabic adab and its balāghah (meaning “eloquence” and roughly translated into “poetics”). It argues that the pre-modern Arabic literary theory of balāghah and its criticism have the resources to investigate ancient Egyptian literature from a number of closer perspectives other than a modern, unidimensional approach which takes the ancient Egyptian and Arabic texts as some kind of disembodied propositional truth.
On the Coordinate Expression “A and B” from the Perspective of Cognitive Grammar
Authors: Peng Yanghua
Published: March 2021

The coordinate expression of “A and B” formed by the coordinate conjunction “and” shows a variety of syntactic features and semantic relations. Based on the research of scholars at home and abroad the paper argues that the cognitive grammatical research outweighs other theoretical views on the researches of the internal motivations of complex phenomena. It further points out that A and B are parallel in grammar and semantics，and “A and B” is polysemous.