bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of two rehydration protocols for fractured tooth fragments for characteristics of penetration of resin tags using confocal laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Chaurasia Bikash , Tewari Nitesh , Mathur Vijay Prakash , Nag Tapas Chandra , Yadav Subhash Chandra , Rahul Morankar , Mishra Deepika , Bansal Kalpana
Published: November 2022

Background

Fragment reattachment is the recommended treatment modality in uncomplicated crown fractures. There is a paucity of literature regarding the mechanisms responsible for increased resistance to fracture after fragment rehydration in such cases. Hence, the aim of this proof‐of‐concept study was to decipher the microscopic changes in the penetration characteristics of resin in tooth fragments after different rehydration protocols.

Material and Methods

Sixty bovine incisors free of structural deformities were fractured as per a standard protocol and the fragments were stored in saline at 4°C. They were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 20)—Group 1: negative‐control, no‐rehydration, Group 2: rehydration by immersion in distilled water for 15 min, Group 3: rehydration by humidification for 15 min. They were subjected to the “experimental bonding protocol” using an eighth‐generation bonding agent mixed with rhodamine‐B dye. The samples were subjected to decalcification and sectioned into cubical blocks (2 × 2 × 2 mm3). They were embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned by an ultramicrotome and evaluated by using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The depths and width of the resin tags were assessed by image analysis software, and the number of tags was counted manually by blinded evaluators. Statistical analysis was done with Stata‐14.

Results

The depth of penetration of the resin tags was greatest in Group 2 (927.81 ± 280.38 μm) followed by Group 3 (902.03 ± 371.85 μm) and Group 1 (287.74 ± 124.80 μm). Similarly, the width of the penetrated resin tags was greatest in Group 2 (58.29 ± 21.15), followed by Group 3 (35.53 ± 22.15) and Group 1 (23.89 ± 6.88). The number of resin tags in the majority of the samples in Group 1 had less than 25 tags (65%), whereas there were more than 25 tags in Group 2 (70%) and Group 3 (75%). These differences were statistically significant (p < .05).

Conclusion

The resin penetration, as observed by the number of tags and their depth and width, was significantly affected by the rehydration of the fragments. The fragments rehydrated in the distilled water had greater penetration of resin tags than those rehydrated in a humidification chamber.
Brain‐specific biomarkers in urine as a non‐invasive approach to monitor neuronal and glial damage
Authors: Kohlhase Konstantin , Frank Franziska , Wilmes Christian , Koerbel Kimberly , Schaller‐Paule Martin A. , Miles Martha , Betz Christoph , Steinmetz Helmuth , Foerch Christian
Published: November 2022

Background and purpose

This study evaluates the quantitative measurability of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), ubiquitin carboxy‐terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH‐L1) and total tau (t‐tau) in urine of patients with acute cerebral damage.

Methods

Serum and urine samples were prospectively collected from patients with an acute ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage (target group) and compared to healthy subjects (control group); samples were measured using ultrasensitive single‐molecule arrays (Simoa®). Glomerular barrier function was assessed based on albumin–creatinine ratio (ACR); biomarker–creatinine ratios were calculated for correction of urine dilution.

Results

Ninety‐three urine–serum pairs in the target group and 10 urine–serum pairs in the control group were measured. The mean absolute concentration ± standard deviation in urine of the target and control groups were 184.7 ± 362.4 pg/ml and 27.3 ± 24.1 pg/ml for GFAP (r = 0.3 [Wilcoxon effect size], p = 0.007), 17.5 ± 38.6 pg/ml and 0.9 ± 0.3 pg/ml for NfL (r = 0.4, p < 0.005), 320.2 ± 443.3 pg/ml and 109.6 ± 116.8 pg/ml for UCH‐L1 (r = 0.26, p = 0.014), and 219.5 ± 255.8 pg/ml and 21.1 ± 27.1 pg/ml for t‐tau (r = 0.37, p < 0.005), respectively, whereas biomarker–creatinine ratio was significantly different only for NfL (r = 0.29, p = 0.015) and t‐tau (r = 0.32, p < 0.01). In patients with intact glomerular barrier (ACR < 30 mg/g), only NfL in urine was significantly different between the target and control group and showed a significant correlation with the respective serum concentrations (r = 0.58 [Pearson's correlation‐coefficient], p < 0.005).

Conclusion

All four investigated biomarkers could be measured in urine, with NfL and t‐tau showing the strongest effect size after correction for urine dilution. NfL revealed the most accurate relation between serum and urine concentrations in patients with intact kidney function.
A regime shift in the Southeast Greenland marine ecosystem
Authors: Heide‐Jørgensen Mads Peter , Chambault Philippine , Jansen Teunis , Gjelstrup Caroline V. B. , Rosing‐Asvid Aqqalu , Macrander Andreas , Víkingsson Gísli , Zhang Xiangdong , Andresen Camilla S. , MacKenzie Brian R.
Published: November 2022

Two major oceanographic changes have recently propagated through several trophic levels in coastal areas of Southeast Greenland (SEG). Firstly, the amount of drift‐ice exported from the Fram Strait and transported with the East Greenland Current (EGC) has decreased significantly over the past two decades, and a main tipping element (summer sea ice) has virtually disappeared since 2003 leading to a regime shift in oceanographic and ecological conditions in the region. The following 20‐year period with low or no coastal sea ice is unique in the 200‐year history of ice observations in the region, and the regime shift is also obvious in the volume of ice export through the Fram Strait after 2013. In the same period, the temperature of the EGC south of 73.5 N has increased significantly (>2°C) since 1980. Secondly, the warm Irminger Current, which advects warm, saline Atlantic Water into the region, has become warmer since 1990. The lack of pack ice in summer together with a warming ocean generated cascading effects on the ecosystem in SEG that are manifested in a changed fish fauna with an influx of boreal species in the south and the subarctic capelin further north. At higher trophic levels there has been an increase in the abundance of several boreal cetaceans (humpback, fin, killer, and pilot whales and dolphins) that are either new to this area or occur in historically large numbers. It is estimated that the new cetacean species in SEG are responsible for an annual predation level of 700,000 tons of fish. In addition, predation on krill species is estimated at >1,500,000 tons mainly consumed by fin whales. Simultaneously, there has been a reduction in the abundance and catches of narwhals and walruses in SEG and it is suggested that these species have been impacted by the habitat changes.
Significant effects of precipitation frequency on soil respiration and its components—A global synthesis
Authors: Du Yue , Wang Ying‐Ping , Hui Dafeng , Su Fanglong , Yan Junhua
Published: November 2022

Global warming intensifies the hydrological cycle, which results in changes in precipitation regime (frequency and amount), and will likely have significant impacts on soil respiration (Rs). Although the responses ofRsto changes in precipitation amount have been extensively studied, there is little consensus on howRswill be affected by changes in precipitation frequency (PF) across the globe. Here, we synthesized the field observations from 296 published papers to quantify the effects of PF onRsand its components using meta‐analysis. Our results indicated that the effects of PF onRsdecreased with an increase in background mean annual precipitation. When the data were grouped by climate conditions, increased PF showed positive effects onRsunder the arid condition but not under the semi‐humid or humid conditions, whereas decreased PF suppressedRsacross all the climate conditions. The positive effects of increased PF mainly resulted from the positive response of heterotrophic respiration under the arid condition while the negative effects of decreased PF were mainly attributed to the reductions in root biomass and respiration. Overall, our global synthesis provided for the first time a comprehensive analysis of the divergent effects of PF onRsand its components across climate regions. This study also provided a framework for understanding and modeling responses of ecosystem carbon cycling to global precipitation change.
Impact of number of functional teeth on independence of Japanese older adults
Authors: Maekawa Kenji , Ikeuchi Tomoko , Shinkai Shoji , Hirano Hirohiko , Ryu Masahiro , Tamaki Katsushi , Yatani Hirofumi , Kuboki Takuo ,   Kusatsu ISLE Study Working Group Collaborators, Kimura‐Ono Aya , Kikutani Takeshi , Suganuma Takashi , Ayukawa Yasunori , Gonda Tomoya , Ogawa Toru , Fujisawa Masanori , Ishigaki Shoichi , Watanabe Yutaka , Kitamura Akihiko , Taniguchi Yu , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Edahiro Ayako , Ohara Yuki , Furuya Junichi , Nakajima Junko , Umeki Kento , Igarashi Kentaro , Horibe Yasuhiro , Kugimiya Yoshihiro , Kawai Yasuhiko , Matsumura Hideo , Ichikawa Tetsuo , Ohkawa Shuji , Baba Kazuyoshi
Published: November 2022

Aim

To examine the relationship between the number of present and functional teeth at baseline and future incidence of loss of independence.

Methods

Participants were community‐dwelling older individuals who participated in a comprehensive geriatric health examination conducted in Kusatsu town, Japan, between 2009 and 2015. The primary endpoint was the incidence of loss of independence among participants, defined as the first certification of long‐term care insurance in Japan. The numbers of present and functional teeth at baseline were determined via an oral examination. Demographics, clinical variables (e.g., history of chronic diseases and psychosocial factors), blood nutritional markers, physical functions, and perceived masticatory function were assessed.

Results

This study included 1121 individuals, and 205 individuals suffered from loss of independence during the follow‐up period. Kaplan–Meier estimates of loss of independence for participants with smaller numbers of present and functional teeth were significantly greater than for those with larger numbers of teeth. Cox proportional hazard analyses indicated that a smaller number of present teeth was not a significant risk factor after adjusting for demographic characteristics. However, the number of functional teeth was a significant risk factor after the adjustment (hazard ratio: 1.975 [1.168–3.340]). Additionally, higher hazard ratios were observed in other adjusted models, but they were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

The number of functional teeth may be more closely related to the future incidence of loss of independence than the number of present teeth. This novel finding suggests that prosthodontic rehabilitation for tooth loss possibly prevents the future incidence of this life‐event. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 1032–1039.
Occurrence of familial Mediterranean fever in haemophilia patients
Authors: Kirkiz Serap , Kaya Zühre , Gönen Sevim , Yağcı Münci , Koçak Ülker
Published: November 2022

Introduction

This is the first study of simultaneous occurrences of Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) in patients with haemophilia.

Aim

The aim was to investigate the frequency and clinical characteristics of FMF in patients with severe haemophilia.

Methods

Our study included 30 patients with severe haemophilia (26 haemophilia A and four haemophilia B). All 30 patients are screened for MEFV genotypes in FMF according to the new Eurofever/PRINTO diagnostic criteria. All cohorts were genetically tested for FMF and thrombophilia.

Results

Eight (26%) of 30 haemophilic patients were diagnosed with FMF. Six different heterozygous FMF mutations including M694V (n = 2), E148Q (n = 2), V726A(n = 1), P369S (n = 1), E148Q/K695R (n = 1) and E148Q/M694I (n = 1) were identified. Seven had haemophilia A and only one had haemophilia B. Four (50%) patients had a positive family history and three of them had extraarticular findings specific to FMF. Only one haemophilia B patient received colchicine. Target joints in the knee, ankle, and elbow were identified in three FMF patients. The number of target joints in eight patients with FMF was significantly lower than in twenty‐two patients without FMF (p < .05). The annual number of suspected joint bleedings in FMF patients admitted to the hospital was 40; however, 15 (37.5%) were documented bleedings in ultrasounds. Hereditary thrombophilia was detected in seven of eight patients.

Conclusion

Our data indicate that screening for FMF may be useful in patients with haemophilia who develop arthritis without prominent bleeding and have a positive family history in many Mediterranean countries, including Turkey.
TOWARD THE RECOGNITION OF ARTIFICIAL HISTORY MAKERS
Authors: HUGHES‐WARRINGTON MARNIE
Published: November 2022

Artificial intelligence is a historical discipline. This does not simply mean that its history can be written. It is historical on account of its recursive basis for action: its systems turn to prior beliefs—often through multiple steps or layers—to make recommendations for the present or predictions for the future. Using the two rooms approach of Alan Turing's imitation game, I highlight the potential for machine and human histories to be recognized via at least the idea of weak artificial intelligence. This recognition illuminates the mixed nature of the logic of history, combining deductions and endoxa. Finally, I note that illuminating and exploring this mixed logic of history signals a turn to historiographical metaphysics with Aristotelian features and, thus, the recognition of histories by professional historians as only part of a historiographical world. This signals that the recognition of machine and human history makers does not simply turn on the acknowledgement of imitation.
Estimating the risk of mortality attributable to recent late HIV diagnosis following admission to the intensive care unit: A single‐centre observational cohort study
Authors: Bakewell Nicholas , Kanitkar Tanmay , Dissanayake Oshani , Symonds Maggie , Rimmer Stephanie , Adlakha Amit , Lipman Marc C. , Bhagani Sanjay , Agarwal Banwari , Miller Robert F. , Sabin Caroline A.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Despite improvements in survival of people with HIV admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), late diagnosis continues to contribute to in‐ICU mortality. We quantify the population attributable fraction (PAF) of in‐ICU mortality for recent late diagnosis among people with HIV admitted to a London ICU.

Methods

Index ICU admissions among people with HIV were considered from 2000 to 2019. Recent late diagnosis was a CD4 T‐cell count < 350 cells/μL and/or AIDS‐defining illness at/within 6 months prior to ICU admission. Univariate comparisons were conducted using Wilcoxon rank‐sum/Cochran–Armitage/χ2/Fisher's exact tests. We used Poisson regression (robust standard errors) to estimate unadjusted/adjusted (age, sex, calendar year of ICU admission) risk ratios (RRs) and regression standardization to estimate the PAF.

Results

In all, 207 index admissions were included [median (interquartile range) age: 46 (38–53) years; 72% male]; 58 (28%) had a recent late diagnosis, all of whom had a CD4 count < 350 cells/μL, and 95% had advanced HIV (CD4 count < 200 cells/μL and/or AIDS at admission) as compared with 57% of those who did not have a recent late diagnosis (p < 0.001). In‐ICU mortality was 27% (55/207); 38% versus 22% in those who did and did not have a recent late diagnosis, respectively (p = 0.02). Recent late diagnosis was independently associated with increased in‐ICU mortality risk (adjusted RR = 1.75) (95% confidence interval: 1.05–2.91), with 17.08% (16.04–18.12%) of deaths being attributable to this.

Conclusions

There is a need for improved public health efforts focused on HIV testing and reporting of late diagnosis to better understand potentially missed opportunities for earlier HIV diagnosis in healthcare services.
Milling performance and bread‐making aptitude of the new soft kernel durum wheat variety Faridur
Authors: Pasqualone Antonella , Palombieri Samuela , Koksel Hamit , Summo Carmine , De Vita Pasquale , Sestili Francesco
Published: November 2022

Faridur is the first ‘soft kernel’ durum wheat variety released in Italy. This variety has not yet been evaluated for its end‐use quality. In the present study, the milling performance (using two different mills) and bread‐making ability of Faridur were compared with Svevo. An effect of the mill type on flour properties was observed, with the Chopin CD1 mill leading to finer particle size, higher starch damage and water absorption than Bühler MLU 202. Protein and gluten content was significantly higher in Faridur, but gluten quality was lower, as indicated by alveograph and farinograph analyses. The softer nature of Faridur facilitated milling, reducing energy consumption and starch damage. The baking test led to a compact product, with low specific volume, needing adjustments in processing and formulation. As energy saving has become a key competitive factor in the milling sector, Faridur has potential for expanding the use of durum wheat.
Physicochemical transformations of corn‐based snacks with underexploited grains addition during storage: multi‐analytical assessment
Authors: Rolandelli Guido , Farroni Abel Eduardo , Buera María del Pilar
Published: November 2022

Corn‐based snacks were prepared with the addition of 25% of millet, sorghum, quinoa, and canary seed flours, which are scarcely used grains for human food and can grow in low‐fertility soils. Guggenheim‐Anderson‐de Boer (GAB) and D'arcy & Watt (GDW) sorption models provided information regarding water‐solids interactions and microstructural arrangements. After storage for 2, 4, and 6 months, several physicochemical properties of snacks were measured and compared with freshly prepared products and raw blends. Addition of quinoa and canary seed flours doubled phenolics content and antioxidant properties. Lipids oxidation kinetics was associated with water sorption, antioxidant properties, and carotenoids and phenolics stability. Starch gelatinisation and protein transformations were assessed through FTIR. Protein denaturation after thermal treatment reduced intermolecular associations with carotenoids and phenolic compounds, which enhanced their functionality as antioxidants. Addition of quinoa and canary seed flours showed promising results for the development of innovative snacks with improved functional properties.
The role of social transfers in mitigating families with children from the economic impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kärkkäinen Sanna , Mesiäislehto Merita , Sirniö Outi , Karvonen Sakari , Kauppinen Timo M.
Published: November 2022

In this study, we investigated the household income of families with children. Our specific interest was the earned income losses during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and how social transfers have mitigated those losses. We assessed the monthly income levels by comparing the information on the year prior to pandemic to income levels during COVID‐19 pandemic. We found that the pandemic affected all studied subgroups of families with children, with the most negative economic influence in May 2020. In addition, our results indicate that in Finland the social transfers protected fairly well against the negative economic impacts of the pandemic among families with children, especially among vulnerable families (those with lowest income level prior COVID‐19, with low parental education, single‐parent families and families with non‐Finnish‐born parents). The information gained from this analysis can be useful in economic recovery during and after COVID‐19 pandemic, and when preparing for future challenges.
Neutrophils are gatekeepers of mucosal immunity
Authors: Silva Lakmali M. , Kim Tae Sung , Moutsopoulos Niki M.
Published: November 2022

Mucosal tissues are constantly exposed to the outside environment. They receive signals from the commensal microbiome and tissue‐specific triggers including alimentary and airborne elements and are tasked to maintain balance in the absence of inflammation and infection. Here, we present neutrophils as sentinel cells in mucosal immunity. We discuss the roles of neutrophils in mucosal homeostasis and overview clinical susceptibilities in patients with neutrophil defects. Finally, we present concepts related to specification of neutrophil responses within specific mucosal tissue microenvironments.
Responding to joint attention as a developmental catalyst: Longitudinal associations with language and social responsiveness
Authors: Lasch Carolyn , Carlson Stephanie M. , Elison Jed T.
Published: November 2022

Joint attention (JA), infants' ability to engage in triadic attention with another person and a separate object or event, emerges in infancy. Responding to joint attention (RJA) develops earlier than initiating joint attention (IJA) and may benefit from a reconceptualization from a competence to a skill that varies in performance. Investigating associations between RJA performance and important skills of toddlerhood such as language, social responsiveness, and executive function (EF) in typically developing samples can better elucidate how RJA may serve as a developmental precursor to later dimensional skills, with implications for both typical and atypical development. Here, 210 (82% White) infants completed the Dimensional Joint Attention Assessment (DJAA), a naturalistic play‐based assessment of RJA, at 8–15 months. At 16–38 months social responsiveness, verbal ability, and EF were assessed. Multilevel models showed that DJAA scores were associated with later verbal abilities and parent‐reported social responsiveness. Exploratory analyses showed trend‐level associations between RJA and EF. Results establish the content validity of the DJAA as a measure of RJA, and longitudinal associations with later verbal ability and social responsiveness. Future work should examine EF emergence and consolidation, and RJA and later EF associations.
Integrated nursing care for people with combined mental health and substance use disorders
Authors: Hove Elizabeth , Hazelton Michael J. , Santangelo Peter , Wilson Rhonda L.
Published: November 2022

Many health problems arise from mental, neurological, and substance use disorders. These disorders are highly prevalent and complex and contribute to poor health outcomes, premature mortality, security risk, social isolation, and global and national economic loss. Mental health and substance use disorders are among Australia's top four causes of disease burden. Our objective was to investigate and synthesize contemporary literature regarding factors that influence nurses' delivery of integrated care to people with combined mental health and substance use disorders within mental health services. We systematically searched five electronic databases with a limit on publications from 2009 to 2021. The search yielded 26 articles. Following thematic analysis, three themes were identified: individual nursing characteristics, nursing education, and professional development characteristics, and organizational factors. This study reveals that there is a fundamental absence of adequate integrative models of care within mental health services to enable the optimal nursing care of people with combined mental health and substance use disorders. Future research is needed to determine nurses' perceptions and factors influencing their role as participants in integrative care. The results could strengthen nurses' contributions in developing/adopting integrative models of care and contribute to clinical, educational, and organizational development.
The lived experiences of parents providing care to young people who self‐harm: A meta‐aggregative synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Zhao Yan‐li , Liu Zhi‐hua , Li Ying‐ying , Liu Dong‐ling , Yi Jing‐na
Published: November 2022

Self‐harm, which affects the whole family system, is an international public health concern. Empirical evidence supports the efficacy of interventions incorporating a family/parent training component for self‐injurious thoughts and behaviours, and a quantitative synthesis of these empirical studies has been undertaken and updated. A qualitative synthesis of the experiences of parents whose child self‐harms remains limited. This report aimed to systematically review qualitative research about the experiences, preferences, and expectations of parents whose children self‐harmed. A comprehensive search was conducted across ten databases and four grey literature sources, along with the manual search of reference lists and relevant websites. Study screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal were all performed by two independent researchers. Twenty‐four articles, two of which were mixed‐methods studies, were included and analysed using a meta‐aggregation approach. Five synthesized findings were identified: initial negative reactions to the discovery of their child's self‐harm, the ongoing impact of self‐harm on parents and the wider family, parents' various coping strategies, parents' negative experiences with mental health professionals expectations, and the lack of and need for psychoeducational resources. Our review finds that parents express keen interest in engaging with the treatment process, and our results support family‐based therapy. However, with the overwhelming emotions most parents experience, clinicians should approach them with sensitivity, empathy and finesse. Psychoeducational self‐help resources should also be made readily available to parents who are reluctant to seek help.
Exploring adaptations to the clinical reasoning cycle for forensic mental health nursing: A qualitative enquiry
Authors: Maguire Tessa , Garvey Loretta , Ryan Jo , Levett‐Jones Tracy , Olasoji Michael , Willetts Georgina
Published: November 2022

Forensic mental health nurses (FMHN) provide care to address the needs of people who have mental illnesses across a range of diverse settings. The Clinical Reasoning Cycle (CRC) has been identified as a potential framework to assist FMHNs; however, adaptations were required to reflect the unique nature of the clinical setting. This study aimed to explore adaptations made to determine suitability prior to implementation in practice. Nominal Group Technique was used to explore suggested adaptations determined from a previous study and reach a consensus on the changes. Fourteen senior nurses from a state‐wide Forensic mental Health (FMH) service participated. A consensus was reached for two proposed changes. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Three main themes were interpreted from the data; FMH adaptations are warranted, the focus of the CRC, and who owns the cycle? Nurses in this study considered the need to include offence and risk issues due to the impact these factors have on the therapeutic relationship and cognitive bias; however, they also identified the need to focus on recovery‐oriented care while engaging in clinical reasoning. Nurses in this study also expressed some reluctance for nursing to ‘own' the model, due to concern that ownership may cause division among the team or result in inconsistency in care. However, some participant's suggested the CRC with adaptations assisted FMH nurses to articulate their specialist skills and knowledge to others and highlight the nursing contribution to care. Further work is needed to finalize adaptations with a focus on engaging the consumer carer workforce and interdisciplinary team.
Effect of educational interventions on wound healing in patients with venous leg ulceration: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bossert Jasmin , Vey Johannes A. , Piskorski Lars , Fleischhauer Thomas , Awounvo Sinclair , Szecsenyi Joachim , Senft Jonas
Published: November 2022

Educational interventions for patients with venous leg ulceration (VLU) may promote adherence and self‐management, however, their effect on wound healing is unclear. A systematic literature search was performed and randomised controlled trials with a focus on educational interventions were included. Wound healing was analysed by assessing wound healing rate, ulcer size, and the PUSH Score. Additional outcomes comprised pain, quality of life, and functional ability. The study protocol for this work is registered at PROSPERO 2020 (ID: CRD42021286152). Nine studies were included in this meta‐analysis. The odds ratio for wound healing was 1.91 (95% CI, 0.99–3.67, P = .053) in favour of educational interventions compared to usual care. Ulcer size reduction was higher (MD: ‐7.22; 95% CI, −11.91 to −2.53, P = .003) in patients following educational interventions. Included studies also showed significant effects on pain, quality of life, and functional analysis, though no quantitative synthesis was feasible. The overall risk of bias showed some concerns. Educational interventions aim to actively involve patients in their treatment, thereby appearing to be able to have a positive impact on wound healing within 12 weeks. Consequently, integrating educational approaches to routine wound care may be a promising strategy to improve treatment of VLU.
Recovery‐oriented mental health principles in psychiatric hospitals: How service users, family members and staff perceive the realization of practices
Authors: Anttila Minna , Lantta Tella , Hipp Kirsi , Välimäki Maritta
Published: November 2022

Aims

The aim of the study was to describe and compare how recovery‐oriented mental health principles have been realized in Finnish psychiatric hospitals from the viewpoint of different stakeholders (service users, family members and staff).

Design

A multimethod research design was adopted to combine both quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods.

Methods

A total of 24 focus group interviews were conducted with service users (n = 33), family members (n = 3) and staff (n = 53) on 12 psychiatric Finnish hospital wards (October 2017). The interview topics were based on six recovery‐oriented principles (WHO QualityRights Tool Kit, 2012). A quantitative deductive analysis was conducted to describe and compare the realization of the recovery‐oriented principles between three stakeholder groups. A qualitative deductive content analysis was used to describe participants' perceptions of the realization of recovery‐oriented principles in practice. The GRAMMS guideline was used in reporting.

Results

Out of six recovery‐oriented principles, ‘Dignity and respect’ was found to have been realized to the greatest extent on the psychiatric wards. The most discrepancy between the participant groups was seen in the ‘Evaluation of recovery’. Service users and family members found the realization of the practices of all principles to be poorer than the staff members did. Wide variation was also found at the ward level between perceptions among participants, and descriptions of the realization of the principles in psychiatric hospital practice.

Conclusion

Perceptions about the realization of recovery‐oriented principles in practice in Finnish psychiatric hospitals vary between different stakeholder groups. This variation is linked to differing ward environments.

Impact

More research is needed to understand the factors associated with variation in perceptions of recovery principles.

Patient or Public Contribution

Service users and family members participated in this study.
Improving Arguments for Local Carbon Rights: The Case of Forest‐Based Sequestration
Authors: Heyward Clare , Lenzi Dominic
Published: November 2022

Land‐based climate mitigation schemes such as REDD+ imply the creation of ‘rights to carbon’ for actions that enhance carbon sinks. In many cases, the legal and normative foundations of such rights are unclear. This article focuses on special rights on the basis of improvement. Considering improvement in relation to carbon sinks requires asking what it means to ‘improve’ an environmental resource. Our answer departs in two significant respects from the standard conception of improvement, namely by reconceiving action in relation to ecosystem services, and accordingly, making the case for a counterfactual baseline to be used to compare an improved and unimproved state. Our modifications potentially allow for a variety of agents to claim special carbon rights on the basis of beneficial interactions with land‐based carbon sinks. We give three archetypical examples of agents who may claim pro tanto special rights to carbon based on their interaction with carbon sinks.
De novo transcriptome analysis of the centrohelid Raphidocystis contractilis to identify genes involved in microtubule‐based motility
Authors: Ikeda Risa , Sakagami Tosuke , Hamada Mayuko , Sakamoto Tatsuya , Hatabu Toshimitsu , Saito Noboru , Ando Motonori
Published: November 2022

The centrohelid heliozoan Raphidocystis contractilis has many radiating axopodia, each containing axopodial microtubules. The axopodia show rapid contraction at nearly a video rate (30 frames per second) in response to mechanical stimuli. The axopodial contraction is accompanied by cytoskeletal microtubule depolymerization, but the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon has not been elucidated. In this study, we performed de novo transcriptome sequencing of R. contractilis to identify genes involved in microtubule dynamics such as the rapid axopodial contraction. The transcriptome sequencing generated 7.15‐Gbp clean reads in total, which were assembled as 31,771 unigenes. Using the obtained gene sets, we identified several microtubule‐severing proteins which might be involved in the rapid axopodial contraction, and kinesin‐like genes that occur in gene duplication. On the other hand, some genes for microtubule motor proteins involved in the formation and motility of flagella were not found in R. contractilis, suggesting that the gene repertoire of R. contractilis reflected the morphological features of nonflagellated protists. Our transcriptome analysis provides basic information for the analysis of the molecular mechanism underlying microtubule dynamics in R. contractilis.
Population genetic structure, parasite infection and somatic condition of pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus (Actinopterygii: Centrarchidae) in the Oder river basin
Authors: Ondračková Markéta , Tkachenko Maria Yu , Bartáková Veronika , Bryjová Anna , Janáč Michal , Zięba Grzegorz , Pyrzanowski Kacper , Kvach Yuriy
Published: November 2022

In Poland, distribution of non‐native pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus (Centrarchidae) is strictly limited to the Oder river basin, where it was introduced in the early 20th century. Recently, several populations have been found in waterbodies adjacent to the Oder, particularly in its lower reaches. In this study, we compare the genetic relatedness of populations in the Oder basin with other European populations using nuclear (microsatellite) and mitochondrial (partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I; cox1) markers. Microsatellite analysis indicated that four populations in the lower Oder form a separate cluster, while one in the middle Oder clustered with Danubian populations, from where probably having been introduced. Microsatellite data suggested that the lower Oder populations differ from other non‐native European populations, making it impossible to estimate the source of introduction. Nevertheless, analysis of cox1 indicated that Oder pumpkinseeds belong to the same haplotype as the vast majority of European populations. Parasitological examination confirmed the presence of two North American species, the monogenean Onchocleidus dispar and trematode Posthodiplostomum centrarchi, in the lower Oder, both previously unknown in the region. Fifteen other parasite species were acquired, including glochidia of invasive Sinanodonta woodiana. In the middle Oder, parasite infection was more limited. Fish from the Gryfino Canal, considered one of the most invasive populations in Europe, showed the highest parasite abundance and diversity, and the highest somatic condition and growth rate due to warm water released from the Dolna Odra power plant. Our results highlight significant differences in somatic condition and parasite infection in long‐established non‐native pumpkinseed populations in the same river system, reflecting mainly environmental conditions.
Application of artificial intelligence to digital‐rapid on‐site cytopathology evaluation during endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Lin Rong , Sheng Li‐Ping , Han Chao‐Qun , Guo Xian‐Wen , Wei Rong‐Gan , Ling Xin , Ding Zhen
Published: November 2022

Background

During endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA), cytopathology with rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) can improve diagnostic yield and accuracy. However, ROSE is unavailable in most Asian and European institutions because of the shortage of cytopathologists. Therefore, developing computer‐assisted diagnostic tools to replace manual ROSE is crucial. Herein, we reported the validation of an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based model (ROSE‐AI model) to substitute manual ROSE during EUS‐FNA.

Methods

A total of 467 digitized images from Diff‐Quik (D&F)‐stained EUS‐FNA slides were divided into training (3642 tiles from 367 images) and internal validation (916 tiles from 100 images) datasets. The ROSE‐AI model was trained and validated using training and internal validation datasets, respectively. The specificity was emphasized while developing the model. Then, we evaluated the AI model on a 693‐image external dataset. We assessed the performance of the AI model to detect cancer cells (CCs) regarding the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).

Results

The ROSE‐AI model achieved an accuracy of 83.4% in the internal validation dataset and 88.7% in the external test dataset. The sensitivity and PPV were 79.1% and 71.7% in internal validation dataset and 78.0% and 60.7% in external test dataset, respectively.

Conclusion

We provided a proof of concept that AI can be used to replace manual ROSE during EUS‐FNA. The ROSE‐AI model can address the shortage of cytopathologists and make ROSE available in more institutes.
Impact of the Care and Coercion Act on recorded involuntary care in intellectual disability care: a time‐series analysis
Authors: Bakkum L. , Bisschops E. H. , Lagerweij S. , Schuengel C.
Published: November 2022

Background

On 1 January 2020, the Care and Coercion Act came into effect in the Netherlands, subjecting involuntary care to more strict regulations and monitoring. This study tested changes in recordings of involuntary care during the transitional year of 2020 and after full implementation in 2021, which coincided with the first severe test of the new regulations, when COVID‐19 lockdown measures were taken on 16 March 2020.

Methods

Data consisted of weekly counts of involuntary care from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2021, taken from the care data of more than 3000 clients with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour of 's Heeren Loo, a large long‐term care organisation in the Netherlands. An interrupted time series design was used to compare the period under the former law with the period under the new law and to the period during and after implementation, taking into account the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown measures on recordings of involuntary care.

Results

Under the new act in Week 1 of 2020, a statistically significant drop occurred in involuntary care counts, after which these counts gradually decreased. The start of 2021, the year in which the act was fully implemented, showed an initial increase in counts of involuntary care, followed by a decrease (allPs < .001). The introduction of the COVID‐19 lockdown measures did not statistically affect the weekly counts of involuntary care.

Conclusions

The decrease in registered involuntary care after the Care and Coercion Act came into effect is a first indication of the efficacy of this new law that requires careful multidisciplinary consultations around the right of clients to respect their self‐determination. Follow‐up research should examine whether the impact of the new law aligns with clients' experiences of self‐determination.
Comparing the application of various engineered xenografts for skin defects: A systematic review
Authors: Salloum Antoine , Bazzi Nagham , Squires Stephen , Chu Thomas , Benedetto Paul , Benedetto Anthony
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Xenografts are a now a cornerstone in the management of wound dressings. Promising results were achieved since 1960 in the application of skin substitute for skin defects.

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of various xenografts.

Methods

A literature research was conducted using the following query: ‘Porcine skin dermatology substitute’, ‘bovine skin dermatology substitute’, ‘xenograft skin substitute dermatology’, ‘xenografts skin defect’, ‘porcine skin defect’, ‘bovine skin defect’.

Results

The review yielded 35 articles pertaining to the topic. Main indications for porcine and bovine xenograft application were burn wounds and post‐traumatic wounds, respectively. Mean discharge date or length of stay was at the 6th day after porcine application, and the time of graft healing was reported for 33.7% (n = 510) of patients. Promising results were seen with Matriderm and split‐thickness skin graft. Most wounds achieved an excellent cosmetic result with full range of motion and a smooth contour appearance. A great variety of tissue substitutes exist, and the choice of graft application should depend on a patient's factors, product availability, wound type, size, and physician's factors.

Conclusion

In summary, xenografts are more economic and affordable but have higher risk of infections compared to allografts.
Expert consensus on holistic skin care routine: Focus on acne, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, and sensitive skin syndrome
Authors: Goh Chee‐Leok , Wu Yan , Welsh Belinda , Abad‐Casintahan Ma Flordeliz , Tseng Chung‐Jen , Sharad Jaishree , Jung SungKyu , Rojanamatin Jinda , Sitohang Irma Bernadette S. , Chan Hau Ngai Kingsley
Published: November 2022

Background

Treatment, cleansing, moisturizing, and photoprotection are four major components of holistic skin care for dermatological conditions. While treatment (T) is recognized as a key component in the management of dermatological conditions, there is a lack of practical guidance on the adjunctive role of cleansing, moisturizing, and photoprotection (“CMP”). Limited patient knowledge, confusion over product selection, and lack of guidance on how to choose and use CMP skin care products (in conjunction with pharmacological therapy) are the main barriers to establishing a holistic skin care routine for dermatological conditions.

Aims

This study aimed to review current clinical evidence, identify gaps, and provide practical guidance on conceptualization and implementation of CMP routine in the management of sensitive skin due to underlying acne, atopic dermatitis, or rosacea, including conditions with idiopathic causes referred to as idiopathic sensitive skin syndrome.

Methods

An expert panel comprising of 10 dermatologists from Australia, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand convened to develop consensus statements on holistic skin care in acne, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, and idiopathic sensitive skin syndrome using the Delphi approach.

Results

Consensus was defined as ≥80% of panel rating statement as ≥8 or median rating of ≥8. The final statements were collated to develop consensus recommendations on holistic skin care.

Conclusion

A dermatologist‐guided holistic skin care routine is essential to improve patient confidence and reduce confusion over product selection. The consensus recommendations presented here highlight the importance of cleansing, moisturization, and photoprotection in holistic skin care and how it can be utilized as a communication tool for physicians and patients to achieve overall better patient compliance, satisfaction, and treatment outcomes.
Combination cryotherapy and intralesional corticosteroid versus steroid monotherapy in the treatment of keloids
Authors: Cohen Alexa J. , Talasila Sahithi , Lazarevic Bojan , Banner Lauren , Gleason Laura , Malkani Kabir , Uitto Jouni , Nikbakht Neda
Published: November 2022

Background

Keloids are common and have significant negative effects on quality of life. There is a need for more effective treatment approaches for keloids.

Aims

We investigated treatment outcomes of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (IL TAC) compared with combination IL TAC and cryotherapy, including changes in pruritus, pain, and keloid size.

Patients/Methods

We performed a prospective study of patients referred to one provider who treated patients with combination therapy and compared them to a historic control cohort treated with IL TAC alone. All patients were seen at Thomas Jefferson University between 2019 and 2021. Patient demographics, location of keloids, and inciting events were recorded. Pruritus and pain scores were self‐reported by patients using a 10‐point Likert scale administered as standard of care. Changes in keloid size were denoted as “No change,” “up to 50% decrease,” “more than 50% decrease,” and “completely flattened.”

Results

While both treatments produced a significant reduction in mean pruritus and pain scores, there was no difference between the two treatment groups (p = 0.3933 and p = 0.2123, respectively). A greater percentage of keloids in the combination therapy group had a post‐treatment size difference greater than 50% compared with those in the IL TAC only treatment group (p = 0.0021). In the subgroup of pubic keloids, all lesions treated with combination IL TAC and cryotherapy responded remarkably well to treatment.

Conclusions

While both IL TAC and IL TAC with cryotherapy were effective at reducing pruritus and pain, combination therapy was more effective in reducing keloid size, specifically for pubic keloids.
Comparison of fetal and maternal tissue elasticity between euploid and aneuploid pregnancies by shear wave elastography
Authors: Kucukbas Gokce Naz , Soylu Abdullah Ruhi
Published: November 2022

Aim

B‐mode ultrasonography utilized for fetal screening of common trisomies is referred to as a genetic sonogram and includes determining major abnormalities and soft markers such as hypoplastic nasal bone and increased thickness of the nuchal fold. Elastography is a novel ultrasound technique giving information about tissue stiffness used for diagnosing cancer, transplant rejection, and organ fibrosis. This study aimed to determine via shear wave elastography (SWE) whether euploid and aneuploid fetal soft marker tissues vary in stiffness.

Methods

The participants were all singleton pregnancies between 19 and 23 weeks of gestation; 35 euploid and 14 aneuploid fetus pregnancies were enrolled. Fetal bowel, kidney, liver, nasal bone, nuchal fold, placenta, and myometrium were investigated with SWE using acoustic radiation impulse force. Images were analyzed with a novel software calibrated and written by us using MATLAB. Statistical analysis was completed with the SPSS Program. Shapiro–Wilk normality distribution analysis, Student's t‐test, and Mann–Whitney U methods were used.

Results

The mean shear wave speed of fetal nasal bone was significantly lower in aneuploid fetuses. There was no difference between other tissues in mean shear wave velocity.

Conclusions

Euploid and aneuploid fetuses have different elastic properties of the nasal bone and this may have a role in differentiating aneuploid fetuses noninvasively.