bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recording-media-related morphology and magnetic properties of crystalline CoPt3 and CoPt3-Au core-shell nanoparticles synthesized via reverse microemulsion
Authors: Bahmanrokh Ghazaleh , Hashim Mansor , Matori Khamirul Amin , Navasery Manizheh , Soltani Nayereh , Vaziri Parisa , Kanagesan Samikannu , Sabbaghizadeh Rahim , Ezzad Shafie Mohd Shamsul
Published: September 2014

A comparative experimental study of the magnetic properties of CoPt3 and CoPt3/Au nanoparticles as well as a detailed study of the structural properties of the samples by X-ray diffraction, Transmission electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer is presented in this work. In addition, the effect of particle size on the structure and magnetic properties of nanoparticles prepared by microemulsion is studied. The correlation between particle size, crystallinity, and magnetization was studied as well. CoPt nanoparticles have been studied intensively over the last decade because of their increased magnetic anisotropy in the ordered phase that can be interesting for high density magnetic recording. A significant high coercivity for as-prepared CoPt3 and CoPt3-Au nanoparticles was obtained at room temperature and enhanced after annealing. The focused aim of our study is to obtain high coercivity at room temperature that follows the Curie-Weiss law. This indicates an interacting system in which the nanoparticles behave like single domain ferromagnetic materials in the particle size range of 8 to 35 nm. In addition, the interaction increases by cooling the samples to low temperature around 15 K. Temperature dependence 1/M graph was obtained to investigate the behavior of nanoparticles at low temperature and shows the best fit with Curie-Weis mode.
A quantum cascade laser-based water vapor isotope analyzer for environmental monitoring
Authors: Wang W. E. , Michel A. P. M. , Wang L. , Tsai T. , Baeck M. L. , Smith J. A. , Wysocki G.
Published: September 2014

A field-deployable mid-infrared quantum cascade laser-based spectrometer was designed and developed for measurements of H216O and H218O at 7.12 μm. H216O and H218O absorption features at 1390.52 cm−1 and 1389.91 cm−1, respectively, accessible within current tuning range of the laser, were targeted. The target lines were carefully selected to assure similar absorption levels and similar temperature sensitivities of the line strength due to comparable lower state energies. A real-time spectral fitting algorithm was implemented for isotopic concentration retrieval. Detection limits for H216O and H218O of 2.2 ppm and 7.0 ppb, respectively, were achieved at a dew point of 14 °C (volume mixing ratio of 15 766 ppm) in 1 s integration time, which resulted in a δ18O isotopic ratio measurement precision of 0.25‰. The ultimate minimum detection limits obtained after 160 s integration time for H216O and H218O, and δ18O measurements were 0.6 ppm, 1.7 ppb, and 0.05‰, respectively.
Time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies of laser-induced acoustic wave propagation in bilayer metallic thin crystals
Authors: Er Ali Oguz , Tang Jau , Chen Jie , Rentzepis Peter M.
Published: September 2014

Phonon propagation across the interface of a Cu/Ag(111) bilayer and transient lattice disorder, induced by a femtosecond 267 nm pulse, in Ag(111) crystal have been measured by means of time resolved X-ray diffraction. A “blast” force due to thermal stress induced by suddenly heated electrons is formed within two picoseconds after excitation and its “blast wave” propagation through the interface and Ag (111) crystal was monitored by the shift and broadening of the rocking curve, I vs. ω, as a function of time after excitation. Lattice disorder, contraction and expansion as well as thermal strain formation and wave propagation have also been measured. The experimental data and mechanism proposed are supported by theoretical simulations.
HM+ and HM+‑He (M = Group 2 metal): Chemical or physical interactions?
Authors: Harris Joe P. , Dodson Hannah , Breckenridge W. H. , Wright Timothy G.
Published: September 2014

We investigate the HM+‑He complexes (M = Group 2 metal) using quantum chemistry. Equilibrium geometries are linear for M = Be and Mg, and bent for M = Ca–Ra; the explanation for this lies in the differing nature of the highest occupied molecular orbitals in the two sets of complexes. The difference primarily occurs as a result of the formation of the H–M+ bond, and so the HM+ diatomics are also studied as part of the present work. The position of the He atom in the complexes is largely determined by the form of the electron density. HM+…He binding energies are obtained and are surprisingly high for a helium complex. The HBe+…He value is almost 3000 cm−1, which is high enough to suspect contributions from chemical bonding. This is explored by examining the natural orbital density and by population analyses.
Hydrogen atom trapping in a self-organized one-dimensional dimer
Authors: Takami Tsuyoshi , Kawamura Kazushi
Published: September 2014

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted widespread attention owing to their unusual structure and properties produced by their nanospaces. However, many MOFs possess the similar three-dimensional frameworks, limiting their structural variety and operating capacity for hydrogen storage under ambient conditions. Here we report the synthesis and structural characterization of a single-crystal one-dimensional dimer whose structure, operating capacity, and physical mechanism contrast with those of existing MOFs. The hydrogen storage capacity of 2.6 wt.% is comparable to the highest capacity achieved by existing MOFs at room temperature. This exceptional storage capacity is realized by self-organization during crystal growth using a weak base.
Miniature quartz crystal-resonator-based thermogravimetric detector
Authors: Sai N. , Tagawa Y. , Sohgawa M. , Abe T.
Published: September 2014

In this work, a new design for a microheater combined with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) array for thermogravimetric analysis is presented. Each QCM consists of two electrodes to excite thickness-shear-mode vibrations and one microheater to increase the temperature on the crystal backside. In addition, all the electrode pads are patterned on the crystal backside, making the design of the QCM compact and user-friendly. Finally, the proposed QCM array was employed to separate ethanol from methanol. This was successfully achieved via thermal desorption spectra calculated by differentiating the frequency changes.
Relationship between the structure and electrical characteristics of diamond-like carbon films
Authors: Takabayashi Susumu , Yang Meng , Ogawa Shuichi , Hayashi Hiroyuki , Ješko Radek , Otsuji Taiichi , Takakuwa Yuji
Published: September 2014

To elucidate the relationship between the structure and the electrical characteristics of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films, DLC films were synthesized in a well-controlled glow discharge with the aid of photoelectrons in an argon/methane atmosphere. The dielectric constant and breakdown strength of the films exhibited opposite behaviors, depending on the total pressure during the synthesis. The product of these two values decreased monotonically as the pressure increased. The Raman spectra were analyzed with a Voigt-type formula. Based on the results, the authors propose the “sp2 cluster model” for the DLC structure. This model consists of conductive clusters of sp2 carbons surrounded by a dielectric matrix sea of sp2 carbon, sp3 carbon, and hydrogen, and indicates that the dielectric constant of the whole DLC film is determined by the balance between the dielectric constant of the matrix and the total size of the clusters, while the breakdown strength is determined by the reciprocal of the cluster size. The model suggests that a high-κ DLC film can be synthesized at a middle pressure and consists of well-grown sp2 clusters and a dense matrix. A low-κ DLC film can be synthesized both at low and high pressures. The sp2 cluster model explains that a low-κ DLC film synthesized at low pressure consists of a dense matrix and a low density of sp2 clusters, and exhibits a high breakdown strength. On the other hand, a low-κ film synthesized at high pressure consists of a coarse matrix and a high density of clusters and exhibits a low breakdown strength.
Microwave-induced spin currents in ferromagnetic-insulator|normal-metal bilayer system
Authors: Agrawal Milan , Serga Alexander A. , Lauer Viktor , Papaioannou Evangelos Th. , Hillebrands Burkard , Vasyuchka Vitaliy I.
Published: September 2014

A microwave technique is employed to simultaneously examine the spin pumping and the spin Seebeck effect processes in a YIG|Pt bilayer system. The experimental results show that for these two processes, the spin current flows in opposite directions. The temporal dynamics of the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect exhibits that the effect depends on the diffusion of bulk thermal-magnons in the thermal gradient in the ferromagnetic-insulator|normal-metal system.
Influence of heterogeneous sulfur atoms on the negative differential resistance effect in polythiophene
Authors: Liu Xiao Jing , Dong Kang Liang , An Zhong
Published: September 2014

In this work, we have carried out theoretical investigations aiming to clarify the effects of sulfur heteroatoms on the transport characteristics in polythiophene. Sulfur atoms in polythiophene are demonstrated to influence the structure and transport process by two aspects: the electron hopping between carbon atoms on both sides of the sulfur atom as well as the effective confinement of π electrons from the sulfur atom. Based on the static Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model and the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism, we simulate the electron transportation in a metal/polythiophene/metal structure. The simulation results show that the electron hopping via sulfur atoms is responsible for the observed negative differential resistance (NDR) behavior in the I-V curves. The NDR disappears if the electron transport channels from carbon to carbon via sulfur atoms are forbidden. The weaker the effective confinement of π electrons and the electron hopping between carbon atoms on both sides of the sulfur atom are, the higher is the peak-to-valley ratio of the NDR and the wider the voltage range where the current remains at low levels. These results can help in understanding the NDR effect in polythiophene.
On the effect of δ-doping in self-switching diodes
Authors: Westlund A. , Iñiguez-de-la-Torre I. , Nilsson P.-Å. , González T. , Mateos J. , Sangaré P. , Ducournau G. , Gaquière C. , Desplanque L. , Wallart X. , Grahn J.
Published: September 2014

Lowering the carrier concentration is presented as a way to considerably improve the performance of self-switching diode (SSD) detectors. A physics-based theoretical model was used to derive an expression for the responsivity of SSDs as a function of carrier concentration, mobility, and design parameters. Monte Carlo simulations confirmed the modeled effect of varying carrier concentration and channel width. SSDs were fabricated in InAs heterostructures with different δ-doping levels. Radio frequency (RF) characterization at 50 GHz reproduced the modeled trends. By reducing the carrier concentration in InAs SSDs with 40 nm wide channels from 2.7 × 1012 cm−2 to 1.5 × 1012 cm−2 (−44%), the noise equivalent power (NEP) improved from 130 pW/Hz½ to 87 pW/Hz½ (−33%).
Some unusual behavior of dielectric properties of SrTiO3 metal organic chemical vapor deposition grown thin films
Authors: Shreiber D. , Cole M. W. , Enriquez E. , Hirsch S. G. , Ngo E. , Hubbard C. , Ivill M. , Chen Chonglin
Published: September 2014

SrTiO3 (STO) thin films were grown simultaneously via the metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique on two different substrates: platinized sapphire and platinized TiO2/SiO2/Si. The thin films were analyzed for stoichiometry, crystallinity, surface roughness, and average grain size. Dielectric properties of the thin films such as dielectric constant, loss, and leakage current characteristics were measured and compared. We demonstrate that the MOCVD technique is an appropriate method for fabrication of STO thin films with excellent structural, microstructural, dielectric, and insulation properties. Comparative analysis of the films yielded an unexpected result that the thin film with a higher mismatch in thermal expansion coefficient between the substrate (Si) and the deposited STO film yielded a higher dielectric constant with respect to that of STO/sapphire. The dielectric loss for both films were similar (tan δ = 0.005 at 100 kHz), however, the leakage current for the film with a higher dielectric constant was three orders of magnitude higher. An explanation of these results is presented and discussed.
The effect of the annealing temperature on the transition from conductor to semiconductor behavior in zinc tin oxide deposited atomic layer deposition
Authors: Ahn Byung Du , Choi Dong-won , Choi Changhwan , Park Jin-Seong
Published: September 2014

We investigated the electrical properties of zinc tin oxide (ZTO) films deposited via atomic layer deposition and compared them to ZnO and SnO2 films as a function of the annealing temperature. The ZTO and ZnO, except for SnO2, films exhibited an electrical transition from a metal to semiconductor characteristics when annealed above 300 °C. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicate that the relative area of the oxygen vacancy-related peak decreased from 58% to 41% when annealing at temperatures above 400 °C. Thin film transistors incorporating ZTO active layers demonstrated a mobility of 13.2 cm2/V s and a negative bias instability of −0.2 V.
Post-oxidized Mg-Al-O(001) coherent tunneling barrier in a wide range of resistance-area products
Authors: Sukegawa Hiroaki , Inomata Koichiro , Mitani Seiji
Published: September 2014

We fabricated epitaxial Mg-Al-O(001) tunnel barriers using direct/indirect plasma oxidation and natural oxidation of an MgAl layer for use in Fe/Mg-Al-O/Fe magnetic tunnel junctions. All the oxidation processes formed epitaxial Mg-Al-O barriers, and a wide resistance area (RA) product range (101–106 Ω·μm2) and large tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratios (185%–212%) at room temperature were achieved by optimizing the MgAl thickness (tMgAl). Near optimum oxidation conditions and tMgAl, small bias voltage dependence of the TMR ratio, and distinct local minima in the dI/dV spectra for the parallel magnetic configuration were observed, indicating that coherent tunneling transport was significant. This study showed that Mg-Al-O coherent tunnel barriers have excellent formability in a wide RA product range.
Regional Concentration of Knowledge-Intensive Business Services in Europe
Authors: Deza Xavier Vence , López Manuel González
Published: September 2014

This paper analyses the location patterns of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) in Europe in line with the most recent literature. Our main contribution is to provide new evidence about the location patterns of KIBS considering the European continent, as opposed to individual countries, as the unit of analysis. We first present the concentration and specialisation patterns of KIBS activities in Europe, including the variations that have occurred during the last few years. Second, we try to provide an explanation of KIBS regional specialisation patterns on the basis of the factors identified by the literature. The results suggest that KIBS activities are highly geographically concentrated in Europe. In this respect, capital cities, which have increasingly emerged as strongly specialised locations in services, play a central role in geography of KIBS. At the same time, there is also evidence of a tendency of sparse dispersal of KIBS throughout European regions. Overall, our results reinforce the importance of agglomeration externalities, market size, regional accessibility, regional knowledge base, and the institutional nature of the regional capital city. Finally, regarding changes in KIBS regional specialisation, we find that these are largely associated to changes in regional GDP.
Olfactory learning promotes input-specific synaptic plasticity in adult-born neurons
Authors: Lepousez Gabriel , Nissant Antoine , Bryant Alex K. , Gheusi Gilles , Greer Charles A. , Lledo Pierre-Marie
Published: September 2014

Significance

The olfactory bulb (OB) receives newly born neurons through adulthood. This process constitutes another means, in addition to molecular or synaptic changes within individual neurons, by which the OB can make changes to its functional circuitry. In this study, we show that adult-born OB neurons display adaptive changes in response to the sensory context. In a restricted domain of the dendritic arbor of adult-born neurons, we found that structural and functional changes are strongest when olfactory cues are associated with a reward. Thus, the recruitment of adult-born neurons should be seen as a form of metaplasticity that strengthens long-range functional connectivity in the olfactory system during learning.
Political Argumentation in the United States
Authors: Zarefsky David
Published: September 2014

In the United States, political argumentation occurs in institutionalized settings and the broader public forum, in efforts to resolve conflict and efforts to foster it, in settings with time limits and controversies that extend over centuries. From the ratification of the U.S. Constitution to the presidency of Barack Obama, this book contains twenty studies of U.S. political argumentation, grouped under four themes: early American political discourse, Abraham Lincoln’s political argumentation, argumentation about foreign policy, and public policy argumentation since the 1960s.
Deploying methods of rhetorical criticism, argument analysis and evaluation, the studies are rich in contextual grounding and critical perspective. They integrate the European emphasis on politics as an argumentative context with the U.S. tradition of public address studies.
Two essays have never before been published. The others are retrieved from journals and books published between 1979 and 2014. The introductory essay is new for this volume.
Sociolinguistics of Style and Social Class in Contemporary Athens
Authors: Theodoropoulou Irene
Published: September 2014

This ethnographic study deals with the ways people in Athens, Greece, use style to construct their social class identities. Including a rich dataset comprising ethnographic interviews with actual people who live in the stereotypically seen as leafy and posh northern suburbs and in the stereotypically treated as working class western suburbs of Athens coupled with data from popular literary novels, TV series and Greek hip hop music, it argues that the relationship between style and social class identity is mediated by complex social meanings encompassing features from and discourses relevant to both areas, which are structured across different orders of indexicality depending on the genre of speech in which they are created. As such, it will be of interest to scholars in sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, anthropology, sociology, Modern Greek studies, and to everyone who is interested in how social class is constructed via language.
The strict-sloppy reading of reflexives and pronouns in child Mandarin
Authors: Li Ruya , Hu Jianhua
Published: September 2014

This paper investigates Mandarin-speaking children’s sensitivity to the strict-sloppy reading ambiguity of reflexives and pronouns in two coordinate elliptical constructions: the null object construction (NOC) and theShi-constructions (ShiC). Two questions are addressed: (1) whether the strict reading of reflexives and pronouns are equally accessible to children; and (2) whether the strict reading is more accessible in the NOCs than in theShiCs, given that the strict reading is pragmatically motivated (Guo et al., 1996; Foley et al., 2003) and that the NOCs are subject to the pragmatic factors (Xu, 2003). We examined 4-year-old Mandarin-speaking children and adults and found that children were sensitive to the interpretative idiosyncrasies of the two pro-forms whereas adults were sensitive to the interpretative discrepancies between the two constructions. Children’s non-adult performance indicates that their knowledge of language at the lexicon-syntax interface develops late in child grammar.
Étude diachronique des prépositions latinesadetde
Authors: Trabelsi Hamida
Published: September 2014

We are interested in this work to describe the semantic and syntactic evolution of the two Latin prepositions ad and de thanks to some concepts that underpin the theory of grammaticalization. To do this, we chose a body formed of two different states of language, namely the classical period through the examination of examples from the Divisions of Public Speaking and the Topics of Cicero and the Christian period through examples from the Apology of Tertullian. We found that the use of these prepositions is a trend that is growing increasingly and is consistent with the tendency to restrict the role of the time. This development, which results in the transformation of the typology of the Latin language of a typology typology synthetic and analytical language, and moving to the novel type we see today.
The construction of an annotated corpus for the analysis of Italian transfer predicates
Authors: Vietri Simonetta
Published: September 2014

I have presented in this paper some research carried out with the help of the electronic dictionaries and grammars that I built for the automatically recognition and annotation of Italian transfer predicates with a software called NooJ. The analysis of the nominal and verbal dative constructions has been carried out on the basis of the lexicon-grammar classification of Italian verbs, focusing on the various constructions produced by the application of transformations. Furthermore, particular attention has been given to the ambiguity of some dative nominal sequences. I have proposed a hypothesis that accounts for the fact that these structures, though in principle ambiguous, usually have a preferential reading, due to the adjacency of the complements. This hypothesis has been verified by applying the electronic dictionaries and grammars to an Italian corpus and the results drawn up with the automatic corpus analysis show that the most frequent dative constructions are those involving only the object. Finally, the results of this research have been compared to those drawn up by T. De Mauro (1965) in his study on the dative in classical Greek. Both results not only confirm the linguistic intuition on the preferred vs. the non-preferred interpretation, but also show the discrepancy between the theoretical dative constructions and the real usage.
Current status of the development of genetically modified (GM) forest trees world-wide: a comparison with the development of other GM plants in agriculture.
Authors: Porth I. , El-Kassaby Y. A.
Published: September 2014

Agricultural crops that are genetically improved via recombinant DNA and asexual gene transfer techniques have been commercialized since 1996 and widely planted; currently, 'biotech crops' cover c.170 million ha, i.e. 11% of the total managed cropland globally, and represent a world-wide market value of c. US$15 billion, with an estimated tenfold return from the final product. This situation is in strong contrast to the almost complete lack of commercial deployment of genetically engineered (GE) forest trees (with the only exception being GE poplars commercially grown in China). Reasons for this discrepancy are the low-social acceptance of GE tree deployment, because of the perceived uncertainties about long-term risks for the natural forests that such plantations could cause, and the public demand for absolute transgene containment which is difficult to engineer without generating pleiotropic effects. In this review, we present the
status quo
of agricultural crop biotechnology with a special focus on GE trees. In the near future, the forestry sector will need to meet the increasing demands for timber and improved feedstock with regards to value-added products made out of lignocellulosics. GE in economically important forest trees can accelerate the domestication of these long-lived plant species in terms of high productivity. At the same time, the pressure should decrease on harvesting natural forest stands, which should remain unmanaged conservation forests for biodiversity preservation.
When spirituality meets hierarchy: leader spirituality as a double-edged sword
Authors: Chaston Jacqui , Lips-Wiersma Marjolein
Published: September 2014

This study explores the effects of SL on the organization as perceived by both leaders and followers. As per the intention of the leaders, the employees found the company a good place to work. However, we also found that the exact same practices associated with SL such as connection,
participation, and altruism created some anxiety and distrust in followers. We explain these findings through power differentials which lead to SL becoming a double-edged sword. Unless SL takes the impact of organizational hierarchy into account, theoretical understanding of SL remains incomplete
and practical suggestions remain somewhat unrealistic.
Decomposing encoding and decisional components in visual-word recognition: A diffusion model analysis
Authors: Gomez Pablo , Perea Manuel
Published: September 2014

In a diffusion model, performance as measured by latency and accuracy in two-choice tasks is decomposed into different parameters that can be linked to underlying cognitive processes. Although the diffusion model has been utilized to account for lexical decision data, the effects of stimulus manipulations in previous experiments originated from just one parameter: the quality of the evidence. Here we examined whether the diffusion model can be used to effectively decompose the underlying processes during visual-word recognition. We explore this issue in an experiment that features a lexical manipulation (word frequency) that we expected to affect mostly the quality of the evidence (the drift rate parameter), and a perceptual manipulation (stimulus orientation) that presumably affects the nondecisional time (the Ter parameter, time of encoding and response) more than it affects the drift rate. Results showed that although the manipulations do not affect only one parameter, word frequency and stimulus orientation had differential effects on the model's parameters. Thus, the diffusion model is a useful tool to decompose the effects of stimulus manipulations in visual-word recognition.
Effects of animacy on processing relative clauses in older and younger adults
Authors: DeDe Gayle
Published: September 2014

Sentences with object relative clauses are more difficult to process than sentences with subject relative clauses, but the processing penalty associated with object relatives is greater when the sentential subject is an animate than when it is an inanimate noun. The present study tested the hypothesis that older adults are more sensitive to this type of semantic constraint than younger adults. Older and younger adults ( n = 28 per group) participated in a self-paced listening study. The critical sentences contained subject and object relative clauses and had animate or inanimate subjects. Both older and younger adults had longer listening times for critical segments in object than in subject relative clause in both animacy conditions. Critically, the animacy manipulation disrupted older adults more than younger adults. These results are consistent with the claim that older adults rely on experience-based expectations to a greater extent than younger adults.
Embedding Seifert manifolds in 𝑆⁴
Authors: Donald Andrew
Published: September 2014

Using an obstruction based on Donaldson’s theorem on the intersection forms of definite 4-manifolds, we determine which connected sums of lens spaces smoothly embed in

S
4

S^4

. We also find constraints on the Seifert invariants of Seifert 3-manifolds which embed in

S
4

S^4

when either the base orbifold is non-orientable or the first Betti number is odd. In addition, we construct some new embeddings and use these, along with the

d
d

and

μ
¯

\overline {\mu }

invariants, to examine the question of when the double branched cover of a 3 or 4 strand pretzel link embeds.
Eisenstein series on loop groups
Authors: Liu Dongwen
Published: September 2014

Based on Garland’s work, in this paper we construct the Eisenstein series on the adelic loop groups over a number field, induced from either a cusp form or a quasi-character which is assumed to be unramified. We compute the constant terms and prove their absolute and uniform convergence under the affine analog of Godement’s criterion. For the case of quasi-characters the resulting formula is an affine Gindikin-Karpelevich formula. Then we prove the convergence of Eisenstein series themselves in certain analogs of Siegel subsets.
Generalizing the rotation interval to vertex maps on graphs
Authors: Bernhardt Chris , Staecker P.
Published: September 2014

Graph maps that are homotopic to the identity and that permute the vertices are studied. Given a periodic point for such a map, a rotation element is defined in terms of the fundamental group. A number of results are proved about the rotation elements associated to periodic points in a given edge of the graph. Most of the results show that the existence of two periodic points with certain rotation elements will imply an infinite family of other periodic points with related rotation elements. These results for periodic points can be considered as generalizations of the rotation interval for degree one maps of the circle.
On almost everywhere convergence of strong arithmetic means of Fourier series
Authors: Wilson Bobby
Published: September 2014

This article establishes a real-variable argument for Zygmund’s theorem on almost everywhere convergence of strong arithmetic means of partial sums of Fourier series on

T

\mathbb {T}

, up to passing to a subsequence. Our approach extends to, among other cases, functions that are defined on

T

d

\mathbb {T}^d

, which allows us to establish an analogue of Zygmund’s theorem in higher dimensions.
Estimation of GFP-tagged RNA numbers from temporal fluorescence intensity data
Authors: Häkkinen Antti , Ribeiro Andre S.
Published: September 2014

Motivation : MS2-GFP-tagging of RNA is currently the only method to measure intervals between consecutive transcription events in live cells. For this, new transcripts must be accurately detected from intensity time traces.

Results : We present a novel method for automatically estimating RNA numbers and production intervals from temporal data of cell fluorescence intensities that reduces uncertainty by exploiting temporal information. We also derive a robust variant, more resistant to outliers caused e.g. by RNAs moving out of focus. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the quantification of RNA numbers and production intervals is generally improved compared with previous methods. Finally, we analyze data from live Escherichia coli and show statistically significant differences to previous methods. The new methods can be used to quantify numbers and production intervals of any fluorescent probes, which are present in low copy numbers, are brighter than the cell background and degrade slowly.

Availability : Source code is available under Mozilla Public License at http://www.cs.tut.fi/%7ehakkin22/jumpdet/ .

Contact : andre.ribeiro@tut.fi
BigDataScript: a scripting language for data pipelines
Authors: Cingolani Pablo , Sladek Rob , Blanchette Mathieu
Published: September 2014

Motivation: The analysis of large biological datasets often requires complex processing pipelines that run for a long time on large computational infrastructures. We designed and implemented a simple script-like programming language with a clean and minimalist syntax to develop and manage pipeline execution and provide robustness to various types of software and hardware failures as well as portability.

Results: We introduce the BigDataScript (BDS) programming language for data processing pipelines, which improves abstraction from hardware resources and assists with robustness. Hardware abstraction allows BDS pipelines to run without modification on a wide range of computer architectures, from a small laptop to multi-core servers, server farms, clusters and clouds. BDS achieves robustness by incorporating the concepts of absolute serialization and lazy processing, thus allowing pipelines to recover from errors. By abstracting pipeline concepts at programming language level, BDS simplifies implementation, execution and management of complex bioinformatics pipelines, resulting in reduced development and debugging cycles as well as cleaner code.

Availability and implementation: BigDataScript is available under open-source license at http://pcingola.github.io/BigDataScript .

Contact:  pablo.e.cingolani@gmail.com
Ethics in Science
Authors: Resnik David B.
Published: September 2014

This chapter provides an overview of the ethics of scientific research. Topics covered include: a review of significant historical events, trends, and cases pertaining to scientific ethics; a discussion of the philosophical foundations of science’s ethical norms; a description of science’s ethical norms; and an examination of some common ethical dilemmas that arise in such areas of research as reporting and investigating misconduct, sharing data and materials, assignment of authorship and credit, management of conflict of interest, peer review of publications, research with human beings and animals, and social responsibility. The chapter also discusses conflicts among ethical norms; empirical versus conceptual approaches to studying ethical norms; international variations in research practices; and institutional and government efforts to promote integrity in research.
Single and Partnered Women
Authors: Brewer Gayle
Published: September 2014

The form, function, and prevalence of intrasexual competition is expected to differ for single and partnered women. For single women focused on the identification and recruitment of desirable mates, competition increases access to potential partners. For partnered women focused on the maintenance of current relationships, competition reduces the risk of infidelity and relationship dissolution. This chapter considers the specific threats experienced by single and partnered women, the extent to which these threats may impact on willingness to engage in intrasexual competition, and the competitive tactics employed. Additional factors influencing women’s engagement in intrasexual competition such as age and mating system type are also discussed.
I’ll Have Who She’s Having
Authors: Adair Lora E. , Dillon Haley M. , Brase Gary L.
Published: September 2014

Women, as with men, are in competition with one another to identify, attract, and retain quality mates. Identifying quality mates can be a difficult, risky, and costly endeavor; however, women can usefully draw on the mating preference of other women to inform their own choices. After reviewing theoretical foundations of the benefits of using female conspecifics as sources of information about potential mates, this chapter discusses evidence of mate copying, poaching, and retention behaviors across multiple species and then the parallel evidence emerging for these behaviors in humans. Of particular interest is identifying why women compete with one another for mates and under what ecological conditions such behaviors are more likely to emerge. Understanding these contextual issues leads to suggestions about the psychological mechanisms that enable women to acquire information about other women’s preferences, when that information is utilized, and the strength of social information in shifting women’s mating preferences.
Self-Report Assessments of Psychoactive Substance Use and Dependence
Authors: Del Boca Frances K. , Darkes Jack , McRee Bonnie
Published: September 2014

Accurate assessment is critical to clinical interventions for problems associated with the use of alcohol and other drugs, and it is essential for research on the causes, consequences, and treatment of addiction. Verbal report is the most common method of assessing substance use behavior, diagnosing alcohol and drug use disorders, and measuring dependence severity. The authors describe self-report methods for the assessment of substance use and related constructs, together with the factors that influence their validity and utility. First, assessment procedures are described in terms of the characteristics and dimensions on which they vary. Guidelines for selecting specific types of instruments for clinical and research purposes are then provided, and the strengths and limitations of major assessment approaches are discussed. Finally, a social-psychological framework for understanding the question-answering process is presented, and assessment methods are evaluated in relation to the model. The authors conclude by identifying relevant areas of research.
Empires and Imperialism
Authors: Covey Alan
Published: September 2014

The archaeology of empires has been of long-standing interest in modern study of the past, fitting into different agendas over the last 200 or 300 years. From an initial interest in finding ways in which European powers could benefit from the experience of past colonizers in expanding their own dominions to post-colonial concerns with exposing the inner workings of imperialism with a critical eye, imperial societies have been regarded as distinctive and suitable for cross-cultural comparison. How such empires are theorized is the subject of this chapter, from debates about typologies of imperial organisation to attempts to liberate the oppressed of the past with the tools that the archaeological record provides. Approaches to the growth and collapse of empires from different perspectives (systemic, contextual, etc.) are also key issues, as is the relevance of comparing past empires of the old and new worlds to contemporary conditions of globalization
Victorian Masculinities, or Military Men of Feeling
Authors: Furneaux Holly
Published: September 2014

This chapter introduces an unlikely figure of ideal Victorian masculinity, the military man of feeling. It uses Thackeray’s exemplary Colonel Newcome, hero of The Newcomes (1853–5), to focus a number of debates central to Victorian ideas of manliness: the composition of the gentleman, the democratization of manly virtue, the social and national roles of army men across ranks. Building upon excellent recent work on the private lives and experience of Victorian men, it examines a mid-nineteenth-century preoccupation with the emotional experience and eloquence of soldiers, and questions the accepted idea that the Victorian period witnessed a decided stiffening of the upper lip. This essay challenges both the abiding stereotype of the emotionally buttoned-up Victorian male, and the idea, expressed in the Victorian period and familiar in our own, that feeling has no place in war.
Illustrations and the Victorian Novel
Authors: Thomas Julia
Published: September 2014

Illustration was a defining feature of the Victorian novel, despite the fact that it has since been marginalized in both published editions and scholarly work. This essay argues for the significance of illustration as a process of interpretative engagement between texts, images, and readers. In so doing, the essay participates in and outlines the emergence of a new illustration studies, which regards illustration as a distinct object of criticism and analyses the way that illustration signifies in relation to the words it accompanies, its cultural context, and other images. The essay takes as its focus pictures that appeared in novels by a range of canonical and less well-known authors (including Charles Dickens, William Makepeace Thackeray, Anthony Trollope, Florence Montgomery, Jane Sexey, and Ellen Wood). The presence of illustrations in these works, the essay argues, impacts on how the novels are read and can modify and shape the texts themselves.
Melodrama On and Off the Stage
Authors: Davis Jim
Published: September 2014

Although melodrama is often considered specifically in national contexts, it is also a transnational phenomenon. Individual melodramas take on different meanings in new locations, while melodrama as a genre changes over time. Evidence of this can be seen, for instance, in the way the supernatural is gradually subsumed by psychology. Melodrama is a fluid genre that eludes easy definition and many plays now described as melodramas were not so defined by their original authors. Melodrama is not antipathetic to realism, but often complements or even makes use of reality, especially when confronting the problems of modernity. It helps to mediate reality and even provides agency to its spectators in their interaction with the world around them.
Emotions
Authors: Burdett Carolyn
Published: September 2014

The Victorians were clear that emotions matter in relation to literature and art. This chapter examines that conviction in relation to debates about sentiment and sentimentalism during the period. The moral value of emotional responses to literature was contested, with opponents of sentimentalism worried that far from being a moral good, sentiment was at best self-indulgent and at worst dangerous—especially for groups considered less likely to control their emotions. The essay then turns to assess the impact of scientific and psychological theories of emotion in the latter half of the century, arguing that new ways of understanding emotion often retained elements of more traditional views. These include both issues of emotional authenticity and models of hierarchy whereby emotions must be controlled by reason and intellect. As evolutionary thinking collapsed distance between humans and other creatures, the value of aesthetic emotion was intensively debated and contested.
The Healthy Voice, Lifestyle, and Voice Protection (including Exercise, Body Work, and Diet)
Authors: Rubin John S. , Epstein Ruth
Published: September 2014

Both medical professionals and voice users have healthy voice as a goal. In order to maintain health, an understanding of efficient vocal production is necessary. Knowledge of the structure and function of the vocal energy source (the air stream from the lungs), the sound source (the vibrating vocal folds), and the resonators (the vocal tract) empowers individuals to choose healthy vocal hygiene. Such hygiene is especially important to singers, who require fine coordination of all vocal systems to produce aesthetically pleasing sounds over a wide pitch and dynamic range. In addition, during a lifetime of voice use, nearly every professional voice user will have periods of vocal difficulty. Vocal stressors (physiological and/or psychological) can undermine even the most disciplined individuals. The importance of a vocal support team during these difficult times is emphasized.
Theology and Practice in Evangelical Churches
Authors: Goddard Andrew
Published: September 2014

This chapter examines the continuities, development, and diversity found among evangelical Christians as they explore different patterns of evangelical response to new and challenging questions relating to sexuality and gender. Evangelicals have generally accepted contraception although there has been some recent opposition. Understandings and responses to divorce and remarriage vary from prohibition to generous accommodation with general acceptance of diverse genuinely evangelical views. Issues of gender and women in church leadership have, however, caused tensions and divisions between more restrictive ‘headship’ views and more egalitarian understandings, raising issues related to biblical inspiration and authority as well as hermeneutics. In contrast to diversity in these areas, most evangelicals remain committed to a sexual ethic focused on marriage and abstinence for the unmarried, and thus opposed to any approval of homosexual partnerships. Although some evangelicals are questioning this, most see change here as unbiblical and going beyond evangelicalism.
Disabled People
Authors: Creamer Deborah Beth
Published: September 2014

This chapter explores models of disability as they relate to sexuality and theology. It begins by examining moral assumptions that define people with disabilities as asexual or hypersexual, and offers alternatives to these limiting perspectives. It then explores medical understandings of disability, highlighting those that facilitate holistic notions of health and that focus on adaptive sexual practices in response to impairment, as well as liberationist understandings that demand justice and sexual rights for all people with disabilities. Finally, this chapter explores the ways in which disability reminds us to attend to embodiment more authentically in general, not as an idealized and static norm but rather in the messiness and limits and goodness of real life. Attention to disability as such offers new possibilities for sexual theology, not just for disabled people but for the (temporarily) non-disabled as well.
Conflicts Within the Anglican Communion
Authors: Shaw Jane
Published: September 2014

The churches of the Anglican Communion discussed issues of sex and gender throughout the twentieth century and into the twenty-first century. Arguments about gender focused on the ordination of women to the diaconate, priesthood, and episcopate. Debates about sexuality covered polygamy, divorce and remarriage, and homosexuality. In the first decade of the twenty-first century, these debates became intensely focused on homosexuality and were particularly fierce as liberals and conservatives responded to openly gay bishops and the blessing and marriage of same-sex couples. By the second decade of the twenty-first century, the sex and gender debates had become less acrimonious, the Anglican Communion had not split on these issues as some feared, but the ‘disconnect’ between society and the Church, at least in the West, on issues such as the Church of England’s prevarication on female bishops and opposition to gay marriage, had decreased the Church’s credibility for many.
Desire and Love
Authors: Sigurdson Ola
Published: September 2014

Desire and love have always been important themes in Christianity, but there is no self-evident meaning for either of these concepts. This chapter examines some important contributions in the history of theology to the understanding of each, and offers some steps towards a constructive theology that regards desire as an integrative part of love. If the problem with the dominant tradition during antiquity and the Middle Ages was that it separated eros from a legitimate sexuality, the problem of modern Christianity is that it has reduced desire to sexuality. It is not helpful to separate agape from eros, as this implies a theology for which important aspects of human longing fall outside its frame. An account of love that avoids narcissism and an economy of the same includes desire; a love without desire lacks the motor that moves us forward towards the other.
Capitalism and African Business Cultures
Authors: Taylor Scott D.
Published: September 2014

Scholars and practitioners once commonly linked “African culture” to a distinctive “African capitalism” that was at odds with genuine capitalism and the demands of modern business. Yet contemporary Africa has undergone a transformation in thinking about business, accumulation, and capitalism itself. Business cultures have evolved as a result of numerous factors, both exogenous and endogenous, including education, religion, migration, and technology. Consequently, a capitalist ethos has taken hold within both state and society. The success and visibility of an emergent class of African big business reveals that business and profit are culturally acceptable, as most celebrate and others seek to emulate these large firms. Existing theories of African capitalism are ill-equipped to explain these changes, in part because they are too rooted in anachronistic interpretations of African business culture, and culture in general. African business cultures increasingly are as diverse as any across the globe, and at their core is a growing capacity for reproduction, as capitalists.