bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimasi Konsentrasi MgCl2 dan Suhu Annealing pada Proses Amplifikasi Multifragmens mtDNA dengan Metoda PCR
Authors: Asy’ari Mukhammad , Noer A. Saifuddin
Published: April 2020

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) merupakan metode amplifikasi Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) secara invitro. Hingga saat ini para peneliti baru berhasil mengamplifikasi secara in vitro DNA mitokondria (mtDNA)manusia Indonesia sampai ukuran fragmen maksimal 1,6 kilobasa (kb) dan belum dilakukan untuk “banyakfragmen” (multifragments). Pada penelitian ini telah berhasil diamplifikasi multifragments DNA mitokondriamanusia Indonesia berukuran 5,4 kb; 4,2 kb; 3,5 kb; 2,1 kb; 1,6 kb dengan metode PCR standar melalui optimasikonsentrasi MgCl2 dan suhu annealing. Proses berlangsung dalam satu reaksi PCR menggunakan enzim taqpolimerase, lima primer yaitu dmt-2L, dmt-1H, FL, FH dan MH pada kondisi bufer standar dengan konsentrasiMgCl2 2,5 mM, selama 30 siklus pada suhu denaturasi 94oC (15 detik), annealing 65oC (30 detik) danextension 72oC (180 detik). Keberhasilan metode amplifikasi in vitro multifragments yang mengandung fragmenpanjang tersebut diharapkan bisa membuat proses amplifikasi beberapa gen dalam satu genom menjadi lebihcepat dan efisien.
Sintesis 3-(3,4-Dimetoksi Fenil)-1-Propanol Melalui Hidroborasi Metileugenol Menggunakan H3B:Dietileter
Authors: Ngadiwiyana Ngadiwiyana , Ismiyarto Ismiyarto , Fathoni Ahmad
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini merupakan usaha untuk meningkatkan nilai guna dari minyak daun cengkeh dengan memanfaatkan kandungan utamanya yaitu eugenol. Eugenol dapat diubah menjadi metileugenol lalu dikonversi menjadi 3-(3,4-dimetoksi fenil)-1-propanol melalui reaksi hidroborasi dengan menggunakan reagen H3B:dietileter. Kemudian, dioksidasi menggunakan hidrogen peroksida yang diikuti dengan hidrolisis dalam suasana basa untuk memperoleh alkohol. Produk sintesis dianalisis menggunakan spektrometer FTIR dan GC-MS. Data spektra FTIR memperlihatkan serapan kuat oleh gugus hidroksil pada bilangan gelombang 3448,5 cm-1. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa senyawa 3-(3,4-dimetoksifenil)-1-propanol telah terbentuk. Hasil ini diperkuat oleh pola fragmentasi senyawa pada data MS yang menunjukkan adanya puncak dasar dengan m/z = 151 dan ion molekul dengan m/z = 196 yang merupakan berat molekul dari senyawa 3-(3,4-dimetoksi fenil)-1-propanol. Produk sintesis yang diperoleh memiliki rendemen mencapai 81,29%. Selanjutnya, senyawa ini digunakan sebagai senyawa antara dalam sintesis turunan antibiotik C-9154
Sintesis Lempung Terpilar Titania
Authors: Darmawan Adi , Suseno Ahmad , Purnomo Slamet Agus
Published: April 2020

Sintesis lempung terpilar Titania dilakukan dengan cara interkalasi larutan pemilar titanium pada lempung dilanjutkan dengan kalsinasi. Suhu kalsinasi divariasi untuk melihat pengaruhnya terhadap basal spacing, stabilitas termal, angka keasaman, situs asam Bronsted-Lewis dan luas permukaan lempung terpilar.Karakterisasi basal spacing dan stabilitas termal menggunakan XRD, angka keasaman dan situs asam Bronsted-Lewis menggunakan adsorpsi piridin/IR dan luas permukaan menggunakan metode adsorpsi gas nitrogen melalui persamaan BET. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa lempung terpilar TiO2 mempunyai basal spacing 17,80 Ǻ, stabilitas termal pada suhu 200oC, keasaman 2,3575 mmol/gram, keberadaan situs asam Bronsted-Lewis seimbang dan luas permukaannya 169,151 m2/g .Hasil ini menunjukkan karakter dari lempung terpilar TiO2 untuk kepentingan adsorpsi atau katalis akan lebih maksimal. Sehingga lempung terpilar TiO2 siap untuk aplikasi lebih lanjut sesuai kebutuhan yang diinginkan.
Identification and Strategy Tourism Attractions Memorial Surabaya
Authors: Lokajaya I Nyoman
Published: April 2020

The objectives of this study are 1) to identify the area as an object of memorial tourism attraction which triggers a battle event on November 10, 1945, 2) Generate a strategy that supports the attraction of memorial Surabaya tourism. The research method used is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach.
By using the interpretative phenomenological analysis method, it were 1) Obtained 20 objects of memorial tourist attraction which triggered the November 10, 1945 battle events from the Jalan Bubutan (GNI Building, Viaduct) to the Jalan Tunjungan (Siola, Yamato/Majapahit Hotel). 2) Strategies that support the attraction of Surabaya memorial tourism are a) Introduction and promotion of the cultural sites of heritage sites (building heritage sites) Surabaya through the Tourism Information Center, b) Instilling heroic historical values of Surabaya through memorial tours, c) Maintenance of existing cultural heritage, d) Hold a historical river tourism event with a route from the Petekan Bridge to the Jalan Pemuda Bridge (near Gubeng Pojok).
Ruga Policy And National Integration: Implications For Guidance And Counselling
Authors: Agbakwuru Chikwe , Awujo C. G.
Published: April 2020

This study investigated the impact of ruga policy on national integration in Nigeria. The study was carried out in South-South, South-East, South-West and North-Central geo-political zones of Nigeria. The sample consist of 4,000 literate adults who were composed through accidental sampling technique from markets, motor parks and federal secretariats in Port Harcourt, Owerri, Lagos and Makurdi. Relevant data for answering the research questions were collected from the sample through the administration of copies of Ruga and National Integration Challenges Questionnaire by the researchers and six research assistants. The reliability co-efficient of this questionnaire was established with 50 subjects from University of Port Harcourt through the Cronbach Alpha method and it was 0.81, 0.80, 0.87 and 0.83 for the three sub-sections of the instrument and the overall. Data analysis was carried out with mean and standard deviation test statistics. The results show that ruga policy to a very great extent impact negatively on peaceful co-existence, and sense of trust among ethnic groups. It also heightens fear and anxiety in the country. These findings were discussed, the counselling implications stated and some recommendations were also made. One of the recommendations is that the federal government should cancel the ruga policy in Nigeria.
Personal Leadership Resources as Mediator of Context and Leadership Practice: A Review and Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Hoogsteen T.J.
Published: April 2020

Hallinger (2018) contends that context has been treated as a ‘given’ in reviews of research and remains in the shadows of leadership.  At the same time, Lee and Hallinger (2012) have described an emerging area of study focusing on the impact of organizational contexts.  Several scholars in the field of educational leadership have gone as far as to say that context is causal.  However, a recent review of empirical research by Leithwood, Harris, and Hopkins (2019) claimed that the ways in which leaders apply basic leadership practices demonstrate a responsiveness to, rather than dictation by, context.  Furthermore, they note that a well-defined set of ‘personal leadership resources’ show promise of explaining a high proportion of variation of school leaders’ practice.  These two claims, while not diminishing the significance of context, demonstrate the importance of a leader’s characteristics and leadership practice to leaders that are successful.  To consider this latter point further, a review of literature is conducted to synthesize three areas in the field of educational leadership which, at least implicitly, are considered competing; context, leadership practice, and personal leadership resources.  The review results in an adaptation of previous models from Bossert et al. (1982) and Hallinger (2018) that illustrates the convergence of the three leadership variables.
Demanding disability – an analysis of opportunities and threats related to the functioning of people with mild intellectual disabilities Part 1
Authors: Parys Katarzyna , Olszewski Sławomir
Published: April 2020

Katarzyna Parys, Sławomir Olszewski, Demanding disability – an analysis of opportunities and threats related to the functioning of people with mild intellectual disabilities. Part 1. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 26, Poznań 2019. Pp. 15–38. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. e-ISSN 2658-283X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.26.01The thesis considered in the article is the statement that mild intellectual disability is a demanding disability. Three dimensions were distinguished in the description of the situation of persons with a mild intellectual disability:1. Attributes of the phenomenon of mild intellectual disability2. Attributes of the population of people with mild intellectual disabilities3. Attributes of selected elements of the mesosystem of people with mild intellectualdisabilitiesThe key phenomena for these dimensions were analysed. The ambiguity of these phenomena has become the basis for considering the opportunities and threats that they may pose. Due to the extensiveness of the issues raised, the issues discussed are presented in two parts. The present text is considers the first two of the dimensions listed.
Support Teachers in the Education of Students with Autism and Asperger Syndrome in Integrated and Mainstream Schools
Authors: Szafrańska Anida
Published: April 2020

Anida Szafrańska, Support Teachers in the Education of Students with Autism and Asperger Syndrome in Integrated and Mainstream Schools. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 26, Poznań 2019. Pp. 59–80. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. e-ISSN 2658-283X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.26.03

The article presents a pilot study of the tasks of support teachers in relation to students with autism, including those with Asperger’s syndrome. Data contained in the Educational Information System shows a significant increase in the number of students with this type of disorder studying in integrated units and mainstream schools. The education of students with autism and Asperger’s syndrome is difficult due to their deficits in the cognitive sphere, as well as problems in social and emotional functioning. When carried out in an appropriate manner, with relevant professionalsupport, the inclusion of autistic children may be beneficial both for the children’s intellectual, social and emotional development, as well as other students.
The Competence of Teacher Assistants in the Context of Working with Visually Impaired Students. Needs of the Environment and the Vision of Change
Authors: Paplińska Małgorzata
Published: April 2020

The text contains an analysis of the competence of a special education teacher, with particular emphasis on the competence of one working as a teacher assistant with blind and visually impaired students. It attempts to answer the question of what competence a teacher assistant should have. On the one hand, this competence must be a response to the current needs of students with visual impairments, their teachers and parents. In line with the current approach to inclusive education, the teacher assistant who works with visually impaired students should be equipped with a whole array of competences, especially a number of highly specialised ones. On the other hand, taking into account e.g. creative and ethical competences, universities educating future teachers of the kind are not able to equip graduates with full competences.
Storage of seeds of Calamus palustris var. cochinchinensis
Authors: Fan Y.K. , Liu M. , Hu J.X. , Ji M.Y. , Lan Q.Y.
Published: April 2020

The present study examined the effect of temperature (15, 20, 25, 30 and 20/30°C) on germination and the storage behaviour of freshly harvested mature seeds of Calamus palustris var. cochinchinensis. Seed desiccation tolerance and the effects of storage temperature (4 and
15°C), perlite water content (120, 180 and 240%) and seed moisture content (27.8, 38.2 and 49.2%) on viability were observed. Seeds had a higher germination at 25°C (88.3%) than at the other tested temperatures. Germination decreased as the seed moisture content decreased during desiccation.
The germination of seeds stored at 15°C was higher than that of seeds stored at 4°C. Germination of seeds stored at 15 and 4°C was <65% and with extension of storage time, the germination decreased, indicating that neither temperature can be used for long-term conservation.
For short-term storage, the seeds can be stored at 15°C with perlite with 180% water content in plastic bottles or at 15°C with 49.2% moisture content sealed inside aluminum foil bags.
OECD Ülkelerinde Yakınsama Hipotezinin Geçerliliği: Kalıntılarla Genişletilmiş Panel Fourier SURADF Birim Kök Testi
Authors: YILANCI Veli , CANPOLAT GÖKÇE Esra
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı Breuer vd. (2001) tarafından önerilen SURADF birim kök testini yapısal değişim ve kalıntıların normal dağılmama bilgisini dikkate alan yapıya genişleterek OECD ülkeleri için gelir yakınsamasının geçerliliğini test etmektir. Breuer vd. (2001) tarafından geliştirilen panel SURADF birim kök testi, Chang vd. (2012) tarafından yumuşak kırılmalara izin verecek şekilde genişletilmiştir; bu çalışmada ise bu denklem sistemine Im ve Schmidt (2008) tarafından önerilen kalıntıların normal dağılmama bilgisinin de dâhil edildiği yeni bir test önerilmiştir. Önerilen bu yeni birim kök testi kullanılarak, seçilen OECD ülkeleri için yakınsama hipotezinin geçerliliği sınanmış ve ele alınan 18 ülkenin sadece yedisinde stokastik yakınsamanın geçerli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Prediction of terminational terminators in bacterial v1
Authors: Fan Yongxian , Wang Wanru , Zhu Qingqi
Published: April 2020

Terminator is a DNA sequence that give the RNA polymerase the transcriptional termination signal, which plays a vital role in gene transcription, so it is crucial to identify terminators. However, accurately prediction methods are deficient and in urgent need. Especially there is no comprehensive study on the comparison and analysis of different features and machine learning models. Therefore, we used five feature extraction methods (Base-content, K-pwm, nucleotidepro, PseKNC - Ⅰ, PseKNC - Ⅱ) and utilized two-step method to select features. In addition, we compared five single models (Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Multi-layer Perceptron, K-NearestNeighbor) as well as four ensemble models (AdaBoost, Bagging, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Gradient Boosting Method (GBM)).
Triage for critically ill patients under the limited medical resource capacity during the COVID-19 and other infectious disease pandemics: a scoping review. v1
Authors: Tsutsumi Yusuke , Tsujimoto Yasushi , Takahashi Sei , Tsuchiya Asuka , Tsutsumi Ikuyo
Published: April 2020

Introduction COVID-19 spread worldwide rapidly since December 12, 2019, affecting more than 180 countries. The rapidly increased number of patients sometimes exceed medical resource capacity. Under the scarce resource situation, clinicians may need to allocate medical resources to selected populations. However, there are no established triage criteria. Therefore, we conducted a scoping review to map the reported triageavailable. We formulated the following primary review question:What kind of criteria and algorithms are available for clinicians to triage patients in the resource scarcity setting during the disease pandemic like COVID-19? Methods and analysis For conducting the scoping review protocol, we will use a scoping review methodology established in the Joanna Briggs Institute manual. We also will use the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews to assess the results. The concept of our review will be the triage criteria, systems, or algorithms used for the allocation of medical resources to selected populations among patients with the pandemic disease.The context of our review will be the resource scarcity setting during disease pandemic like COVID-19. We will conduct the systematic search on MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane controlled register of trials (CENTRAL) and include studies that incorporate critically ill patients due to the pandemic disease itself. We will summarize the studies based on the characteristics and efficiency (if applicable) of triages. Ethics and dissemination Since this is a review of the literature, ethics approval is not mandated. We will publish the results from this review in peer-reviewed journals.
Öğretmenler Ne Yapıyor Ki!: Öğretmenlerin Görüşlerine Göre Öğretmenlik Mesleğinin İtibarı Üzerinde Etkili Olan Faktörler
Authors: DEMİR Selçuk Beşir , ALMALI Himmet
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışmada öğretmenlerin görüşleri doğrultusunda öğretmenlik mesleğinin toplum nezdindeki itibarını belirlemek ve mesleki itibar üzerinde etkili olan faktörleri tespit etmek amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması desenine göre yürütülmüştür. Çalışma grubunu Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı devlet okullarında görev yapan 9 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcılar maksimum çeşitlilik örnekleme yöntemine göre farklı cinsiyet ve görev süreleri dikkate alınarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen nitel veriler NVivo 10. programı kullanılarak kodlanmış, kodlara dayalı olarak alt kategorilere ve temalara ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmada katılımcıların Türkiye’de öğretmenlik mesleğinin itibarının günden güne azaldığına inandıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Katılımcılara göre; Türkiye’de öğretmenlik mesleğinin itibarının azalmasında; Türk Milli Eğitim Bakanları ve üst düzey bakanlık yönetici söylemleri, BİMER/CİMER ve Alo 147’ye yapılan şikâyetlerin incelenmesi sürecinden kaynaklanan problemler, öğretmen istihdam ve işsiz öğretmenler problemi, toplumda değişen değer algısı, öğretmenlerin yetki ve sorumluluklarının son yıllarda değişmesi, maaşların düşük olması, öğretmenlerden kaynaklanan problemler ve olumsuz medya haberleri gibi birden fazla faktör etkili olmaktadır.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Staj Yaptıkları Okulların Öğretmen Odalarına İlişkin Gözlemleri
Authors: ARSLAN Suna , ORAL Emine Arzu
Published: April 2020

Öğretmen odaları, öğretmenlerin birbirleriyle iletişim kurdukları, zihinsel ve fiziksel olarak dinlendikleri, ders hazırlama, değerlendirme, toplantı ve ders dışı zamanlarını geçirdikleri yerler olarak eğitim ortamlarının önemli birimleridir. Bu ortamın özellikleri, öğretmenlerin mesleki tutumlarını, öğrencileriyle, meslektaşlarıyla ve velilerle olan ilişkilerini etkileyebilir. Öğretmen odaları, öğretmen yetiştirme programlarının bir parçası olan öğretmenlik uygulaması dersleri bağlamında da önemli ve etkili bir eğitsel çevredir. Öğretmen adaylarının bu alana ilişkin algıları ilk mesleki izlenimlerini oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bu izlenimlerin tanımlanmasının ve tartışılmasının eğitim ortamlarının ve dolayısıyla eğitsel süreçlerin verimliliğine katkı sağlayacağı varsayımından yola çıkılmıştır. Araştırma, nitel yaklaşım-durum çalışması deseni uyarınca ve Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi, Pedagojik Formasyon programlarına kayıtlı öğretmen adayları tarafından “Öğretmenler Odası Gözlem Formu” kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toplanan veriler üzerinde içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları, öğretmen odalarının yapısal-fiziksel ve araç-gereç donanımının önemli olduğunu; ancak, bu alana mekansal karakterini veren görsel-iletişimsel koşulların daha fazla ve önemsenerek algılandığını vurgulamaktadır. Araştırma, bu sonuçlardan yola çıkarak, öğretmen odalarının güncel durumuna ilişkin farkındalık yaratmak ve geliştirici öneriler geliştirmek amacındadır.
Acoustic radiation force effect on a spherical drop placed in the vicinity of an ideal liquid free surface
Authors: Zhuk O. P. , Zhuk Y. A.
Published: April 2020

Acoustic radiation force effect on a liquid spherical drop placed in the vicinity of an ideal liquid free surface is studied. The problem of determination of the radiation forces acting on an obstacle in ideal liquid is formulated with respect to the Lagrange coordinate system. Thus, the radiation pressure is defined as time-averaged value of the acoustic pressure over the obstacle surface. This approach is adequate if, at determining of the acoustic pressure in a fluid, the deviation of the pressure from the harmonic law in time domain is taken into account in the obstacle vicinity. An action of the acoustic radiation force on a spherical drop of ideal liquid placed in turn in a liquid by its free plane surface is studied here for the case of the incident plane sound wave propagating perpendicularly to the liquid boundary. As a result, the liquid sphere is appeared to be located in the standing sound wave of pressure which has its displacement node at the free surface. Problem solution is obtained as a three step procedure. Initially, solution of the problem of an incident wave scattering at the drop is derived. With making use of the results obtained, the second step encompasses determining of hydrodynamic forces acting on the liquid spherical drop with their subsequent averaging over the suitable time interval at the third step. It is found there frequencies of the incident wave exist that provide zero radiation force acting on the drop which is immobile in this case. These equilibrium positions of the spherical drop could be stable or unstable with respect to the incident wave frequency variation.
Transvers kolonda nadir görülen bir vasküler malformasyon (kavernöz hemanjiom)
Authors: TOPAL Firdevs , AKBULUT Sabiye , TAŞDEMİR Ünal , KARAHANLI Cengiz , SARITAŞ Elif , TOPAL Fatih
Published: April 2020

Gastrointestinal sistemde venöz malformasyonlar (önceden kavernöz hemanjiom olarak bilinirdi) nadir olarak görülen vasküler malformasyonlardır. Rektal kanama en sık görülen semptomdur, obstrüksiyon bulgularına bağlı yakınmalar ise oldukça nadirdir. Özellikle rektal ve sigmoid bölgede lokalize olanlarda kanama daha sık olarak görülmektedir. Biz burada acil servise şiddetli karın ağrısı yakınması ile gelen, rektal kanama ve ekstraintestinal bulguların eşlik etmediği, ancak tanısal tetkikler sonucunda transvers kolonda kavernöz hemanjiom tanısı konulan bir olguyu sunmaktayız.
Perkütan Endoskopik Gastrostomi Tüpünün Nadir Komplikasyonu: Nekrotizan Fasiit
Authors: KAHVECİ Güldan , DAĞCI Selma , ATALAY Roni
Published: April 2020

Perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı uzun süre ağızdan beslenemeyen hastalara, gastrointestinal sistem fonksiyonel ise sedasyon altında beslenme tüpünün perkütan olarak mideye yerleştirilmesi işlemidir. Perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi minör ve majör komplikasyonlara neden olabilir. Nekrotizan fasiit, yüzeyel fasia ve deri altı dokuyu tutan yumuşak doku enfeksiyonu olmakla birlikte, nadir görülen ancak ölümle sonuçlanabilen majör komplikasyonlardan biridir. Hasta/bakım vericinin uygun eğitimi ve hastaneden taburcu olduktan sonra bakımın sürekliliği perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi tüpünün uzun süreli kullanımı için önemlidir. Komplikasyonların çoğu, bakımın kalitesine bağlıdır ve uygun önlemler alınırsa etkili bir şekilde önlenebilir. Bu makalede perkütan endoskopik gastrostominin nadir ve mortal seyredebilen majör komplikasyonu olan nekrotizan fasiitli olgu sunulmuştur. Bu olgu sunumu vesilesi ile perkütan endoskopik gastrostominin mortal seyredebilen majör komplikasyonlarının hemşireler tarafından alınacak önleyici tedbirler ile maliyet etkin bir şekilde önlenebileceği literatür ışığında vurgulanması amaçlanmıştır.
Siroz etiyolojisinde steatohepatitin yeri nedir?
Authors: UYANIKOĞLU Ahmet
Published: April 2020

Giriş ve Amaç: Karaciğer sirozunun etiyolojisinde Türkiye’de ve bölgemizde en önemli sebep kronik viral hepatitlerdir. Etiyolojik bir neden bulunamazsa kriptojenik siroz olarak tanımlanır. Non-alkolik steatohepatit yağlanmaya sebep ikincil bir nedenin olmadığı, kronik inflamasyonla seyreden ve siroza kadar ilerleyebilen bir hastalıktır. Bu çalışmada bölgemizde siroz etiyolojisi ve siroz etiyolojisinde non-alkolik steatohepatitin yerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Ocak 2013-Aralık 2014 arasında klinik ve/veya biyopsi ile siroz teşhisi konulmuş hastalar alındı. Hastaların ayrıntılı anamnezi alındı, fizik muayeneleri yapıldı, vücut kitle indeksleri hesaplandı. Rutin tetkikleri, etiyolojik açıdan ayrıntılı laboratuvar ve radyolojik incelemeleri yapıldı. Etiyolojik bir neden bulunamayan hastalar kriptojenik siroz kabul edildi, bu hastalar Adult Treatment Panel 3 kriterlerine göre metabolik sendrom açısından değerlendirildi, bu kriterlere uyan hastalar non-alkolik steatohepatit zemininde gelişen siroz kabul edildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 108 hastanın 61 (%56.5) tanesi erkek, yaş ortalaması 54.5±15.1 (19-89) idi. Etiyolojik nedenler; kronik hepatit B 33 hasta (%30), kronik hepatit C 19 (%17), kronik hepatit B + kronik hepatit C 2 (%2), delta hepatiti 12 (%11), Wilson hastalığı 6 (%6), kardiyojenik 2 (%2), otoimmün hepatit, hemokromatosiz, kalıtsal metabolik hastalık, alkol, portal ven trombozu, konjenital hepatik fibrosiz birer hasta iken, kriptojenik siroz 27 hasta (%25) idi. Kriptojenik siroz hastalarının 14 tanesi erkek (%51.9), yaş ortalaması 54.3±15.7 (19-89) idi. Kriptojenik siroz hastalarının 14 tanesi (%52) Adult Treatment Panel 3 kriterlerine göre metabolik sendrom olarak değerlendirildi.

Sonuç: Siroz etiyolojisinde en sık neden viral hepatitlerdir. Hastaların dörtte biri kriptojenik sirozdur ve bu hastaların yarısı metabolik sendrom kriterleri taşımaktadır, bu hastalar non-alkolik steatohepatit zemininde gelişen siroz olarak tanımlanabilir. Tüm siroz nedenlerinin onda birinden non-alkolik steatohepatit sorumludur.
Karaciğer fibrozisli olgularda serum iskemi modifiye albüminin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: TAHTACI Mustafa , BAŞARAN Murat , KÖSEOĞLU Hüseyin , YILDIRIM Fatma , AHMEDOVA Pervane , AKIN Fatma , ALIŞIK Murat , BOLAT Aylin , KIVRAKOĞLU Fatih , EREL Özcan , ERSOY Osman
Published: April 2020

Giriş ve Amaç: Serum iskemi modifiye albümin, iskemi ve oksidatif stresi göstermede kullanılan faydalı bir belirteçtir. Bu çalışmada serum iskemi modifiye albümin ve iskemi modifiye albümin tabanlı modellerin karaciğer fibrozisini öngörmede rolünün değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 2013-2016 tarihleri arasında kronik karaciğer hastalığı ön tanısıyla karaciğer biyopsisi yapılan hastalar dahil edildi. Hastaların biyopsileri tek bir patolog tarafından değerlendirildi. Fibrozis derecelerine göre hastalar sınıflandırıldı. Tüm olguların hemogram parametreleri, kreatinin, aspartat aminotransferaz, alanin aminotransferaz, total bilirübin, direk bilirübin, albümin, iskemi modifiye albümin ve iskemi modifiye albümin oranı düzeyleri değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya karaciğer biyopsisi yapılan toplam 34 olgu alındı. Fibrozis deresine göre 15 olgu hafif, 15 olgu orta ve 4 olgu ileri fibrozis grubundaydı. Gruplar arasında ortalama iskemi modifiye albümin ve iskemi modifiye albümin oranı düzeyleri anlamlı farklı saptandı (sırasıyla; p = 0.031, p = 0.044). Gruplar arası değerlendirmede ileri fibrozis grubunda ortalama iskemi modifiye albümin ve iskemi modifiye albümin oranı; orta ve hafif fibrozis grubuna göre anlamlı farklı saptandı (sırasıyla; p = 0.009 ve p = 0.026, p = 0.014 ve p = 0.029). Hafif ve orta fibrozis grupları arasında ortalama iskemi modifiye albümin ve iskemi modifiye albümin oranı açısından anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı (sırasıyla, p = 0.545 ve p = 0.673).

Sonuç: Karaciğer hastalıklarında ileri evre fibrozisi göstermede iskemi modifiye albümin ve iskemi modifiye albümin oranı etkin bir serum belirteci olarak kullanılabilir.
Antimicrobial Study of Oil and Stem Bark Extracts of Pentaclethra Macrophylla Benth on Six Selected Pathogens
Authors: Babatunde A. M. Yusuf , Kasim L. S. , Ayoade Adegbite A.
Published: April 2020

The antimicrobial activity of oil and stem bark extracts of pentaclethra macrophylla benth was determined against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumonia, Eschericia coli, Haemophilus influenza, α-Haemolytic Streptococcus and Yeast, using hole diffusion method. The results revealed that the most inhibitory zone (25.0mm) was recorded in hexane oil extract against staphylococcus aureus and α-Haemolytic Streptococcus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the oil extract ranges between 7.8125-62.5mg/ml on all the test organisms and aqueous stem bark extract inhibited only Eschericia coli with minimum, inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 62.5mg/ml. However, the oil extract possessed more antimicrobial activity than the stem bark extract. These findings lend more knowledge to the use of pentaclethra macrophylla benth for medicinal purposes.
Patients’ Satisfaction with Public Health Care Services in Bangladesh: Some Critical Issues
Authors: Hussain Muhammed Muazzam , Raihan Mohammed Mojammel Hussain
Published: April 2020

This paper attempts to explore the experiences of Bangladeshi patient with public health care services, clients self-perception of health, understanding their expectation and demands of health care towards government health practitioners and service providers. The study points out the issues and difficulties they faced in treatment or getting other services and presents some recommendations to improve the public hospital services.The study was undertaken using the interpretivist paradigm and based on qualitative research method with various data collection procedures, such as interview, focus group discussion (FGD), documentation survey, etc. were employed to collect necessary information. The data highlight a continuous cycle of marginalisation resulting from the interplay of health service providers and their business counter-parts e.g. private pharmaceutical companies, diagnostic centres which reduce the opportunity of protecting patients’ consumer rights at large scale. Therefore, the study suggests that policy makers and service providers should be more responsive to initiate effective policy measures and programmes to combat marginalisation and exclusion of that poor patient groups.
Hyperphosphatemic tumoral calcinosis: a rare differential of periarticular swelling
Authors: Nanjareddy Sunil , Paidipatti Rajashree , Shivalingappa Vishwanath Muttagaduru , Jagadeesh Nuthan
Published: April 2020

Tumour calcinosis is a rare clinical and histopathological syndrome characterised by deposition of calcium deposits in different periarticular soft tissue regions of the body. It mainly manifest in childhood/ adolescence as a painless, firm to hard tumour like mass around the joints. Most common regions involved: Shoulder, elbow and hip. An 18 year old male patient presented to the opd with a history of pain and swelling over his left hip since 2 months. On examination, there was a diffuse tender swelling over the left greater trochanter, skin over the swelling was normal with no discharge, no dilated/ engorged veins. Range of motion of left hip was normal, no limb length discrepancies. X-ray: Showed a well define calcified mass over the greater trochanter with no osseous involvement. MRI revealed an encapsulated hypointense mass present posterior to the greater trochanter, mostly in the muscular plane. Lab findings revealed mild hyperphosphetemia. An aspirate from the swelling showed casseousmaterial. En mass removal was done and sent for biopsy. Biopsy showed features suggestive of tumoral calcinosis. Tumoral calcinosis is a distinct clinico-radiopathological entity characterised by soft tissue periarticular calcinosis which mimics a true neoplasm, associated with elevated levels of serum phosphate. It is an extremely rare condition which is seen in the adolescence and requires more studies regarding the surgical and medical management of the same.
Generation of Information Tsunamis: Social Laser in Action
Authors: Khrennikov Andrei
Published: April 2020

During the last years our society was permanently disturbed by the coherent information waves of high amplitudes. These are waves of huge social energy. Often they are of the destructive character, a kind of information tsunami. But, they can carry as well positive improvements in the human society, as waves of decision making matching rational recommendations of societal institutes. The main distinguishing features of these waves are their high amplitude, coherence (homogeneous character of social actions generated by them), and short time needed for their generation and relaxation. We show that such social phenomenon can be modeled on the basis of the recently developed social laser theory. This theory can be used to model stimulated amplification of coherent social actions. ``Actions'' are treated very generally, from mass protests to votes and other collective decisions, as, e.g., acceptance (often unconscious) of some societal recommendations. We point to the main distinguishing features of the modern society simplifying social lasing: a) transformation of humans into social atoms - lost of individuality; b) generation by mass-media of powerful information fields leading to information overload of social atoms; c) creation of powerful social resonators based on internet Echo Chambers. In this paper, we analyze in very detail their functioning leading to increasing of the power fo the quantum information field as well as its coherence.
Dealing Hybrid Model Appling in the Selection and Prioritization of Software Requirements Using Verbal Decision Analysis
Authors: Barbosa Paulo A. M. , Pinheiro Plácido R. , Silveira Francisca R. V. , Filho Marum S.
Published: April 2020

In the software development process, the decision-maker (DM) has a range of problems inherent to its function. Wrong choices during software planning can bring great risk to the project. Therefore, the planning of software releases to be delivered to the customer should be well done. This is not an easy task because releases are made up of many requirements that contain complex variables that must be considered, such as precedence, cost, requirement stability, among other features that make the requirements-selection process challenging. To make this process less exhaustive, DM can use tools that facilitate this work. In software engineering, we can find fields of research specialists in this context, such as Search-Based Software Engineering (SBSE). The SBSE makes use of advanced metaheuristics to search for optimal solutions or the closest to it. In this work, we try to use another field of research to solve this same problem type, the Verbal Decision Analysis (VDA). To do this, we elaborate a workflow that will use the same source data, execute two solutions using the two search fields (SBSE and VDA) and compare the results. In the end, we evaluated and commented on the results.
Multi-temporal Crop Type and Field Boundary Classification with Google Earth Engine
Authors: Marszalek Michael , Lösch Maximilian , Körner Marco , Schmidhalter Urs
Published: April 2020

Crop type and field boundary mapping enable cost-efficient crop management on the field scale and serve as the basis for yield forecasts. Our study uses a data set with crop types and corresponding field borders from the federal state of Bavaria, Germany, as documented by farmers from 2016 to 2018. The study classified corn, winter wheat, barley, sugar beet, potato, and rapeseed as the main crops grown in Upper Bavaria. Corresponding Sentinel-2 data sets include the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and raw band data from 2016 to 2018 for each selected field. The influences of clouds, raw bands, and NDVI on crop type classification are analysed, and the classification algorithms, i.e., support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), are compared. Field boundary detection and extraction are based on non-iterative clustering and a newly developed procedure based on Canny edge detection. The results emphasise the application of Sentinel’s raw bands (B1–B12) and RF, which outperforms SVM with an accuracy of up to 94%. Furthermore, we forecast data for an unknown year, which slightly reduces the classification accuracy. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the proof-of-concept and its readiness for use in real applications.
Brainstem Dysfunction in SARS-COV2 Infection Can Be a Potential Cause of Respiratory Distress
Authors: Machado Calixto , Gutierrez Joel Victor
Published: April 2020

Covid-19 pandemic has captivated scientists to investigate if this new disease can affect the central nervous system (CNS). The most challenging symptoms of Covid-19 are related to respiratory distress, and most patients admitted in intensive care units cannot breathe by their own. Therefore, a crucial question is if respiratory distress can be partially explained by the CNS affection. SARS-Cov-2 is a beta-coronavirus that shares high similarities with SARS-CoV. The infection of SARS‐CoV has been reported in the brains from both patients and experimental animals, where the brainstem was heavily infected. Those coronaviruses have been able to invade the brainstem via a synapse‐connected route to the medullary respiratory center, where the infected regions included the nucleus of the solitary tract and nucleus ambiguous. The vagal afferent nerves from receptors in the lung communicate with the medulla and pons respiratory control centers to coordinate inspiration and expiration. This suggests that neuroinvasion of SARS‐CoV‐2 might play a role in the acute respiratory failure of Covid-19. Therefore, acute respiratory distress in Covid-19 can be partially explained by brainstem dysfunction, suggesting the needs of more specific and aggressive treatments with the direct participation of neurologists and neurointensivists.
Reporting Two SARS-CoV-2 Strains Based on A Unique Trinucleotide-Bloc Mutation and Their Potential Pathogenic Difference
Authors: Ibn Ayub Mustak
Published: April 2020

SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus behind COVID-19 pandemic is acquiring new mutations in its genome. Although some mutations provide benefits to the virus against human immune response, a number of them may result in their reduced pathogenicity and virulence. By analyzing more than 3000 high-coverage, complete genome sequences deposited in the GISAID database, here I report a unique 28881-28883:GGG>AAC trinucleotide-bloc mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 genome that results in two sub-strains, described here as SARS-CoV-2g (28881-28883:GGG genotype) and SARS-CoV-2a (28881-28883:AAC genotype). Computational analysis and literature review suggest that this bloc mutation would bring 203-204:RG(arginine-glycine)>KR(lysine-arginine) amino acid changes in the nucleocapsid (N) protein affecting the SR (serine-arginine)-rich motif of the protein, a critical region for the transcription of viral RNA and replication of the virus. Thus, 28881-28883:GGG>AAC bloc-mutation is expected to modulate the pathogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2. Remarkably, SARS-CoV-2g and SARS-CoV-2a strains can be linked with the heterogeneity of COVID-19 cases across different regions within and between countries by analyzing existing data. Sequence analysis suggests that severely affected cities, such as Milan, Lombardy, New York, Paris have the predominant presence of SARS-CoV-2g strains, whereas less affected places like Abruzzo, Lyon, Valencia have a relatively higher presence of SARS-CoV-2a, an indication that the latter strain may contribute to the reduced cases of COVID-19. A similar relationship is observed when Netherlands, Portugal are compared with Spain, France and Germany. These analyses suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 has already evolved into a less infective SARS-CoV-2a affecting COVID-19 cases in different regions. The time a country or region needs to acquire SARS-CoV-2a strains may be indicative to the time it would need to overcome the peak of the COVID-19 cases. To confirm these assumptions, prompt retrospective and prospective epidemiological studies should be conducted in different countries to understand the course of pathogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2a and SARS-CoV-2g. Potential drugs can be designed targeting 28881-28883 region of the N protein to modulate virus pathogenicity.
SARS-CoV-2 infection and Cardiology: Beware of Myocarditis
Authors: Antonio Machado Schlindwein Marco , Caroline Breis Letícia , Pastor Bandeira Isabelle , M. Ronsoni Rafael , Torres Clizenaldo , Vinicius Magno Gonçalves Marcus
Published: April 2020

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 is a challenge in the actual medical scenario. Besides the classical lung and respiratory disease, patients infected with the virus can present with cardiac injury, and pathogenic mechanisms point to a direct infection of the heart.
Role of Vitamin D in Pathogenesis and Severity of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Ghavideldarestani Maryam , Honardoost Maryam , Khamseh Mohammad E.
Published: April 2020

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new virus which causes respiratory illness. Older adults and people who have previous chronic medical conditions are at higher risk for more serious complications from COVID-19.Hypovitaminosis D is attributed to the increased risk of lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as well as diabetes, Cardiovascular event and associated comorbidities, which are the main causes of severe clinical problem in COVID-19 patients. Considering the protective role of vitamin D through modulating the innate and adaptive immune system as well as inhibition of Renin Angiotensin System (RAS), vitamin D supplementation might boost the immune system of COVID-19 patients and reduce severity of the disease in vitamin D deficient individuals.
PDMS Soft Skin Device with Deformable Micro-Diaphragm Array Fabricated with Rapid Substrate-Releasing Process
Authors: Mitsui Hideyuki , Kashiwazaki Hiroshi , Mineta Takashi ,   Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University 4-3-16 Jounan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan,   Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University 4-3-16 Jounan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
Published: April 2020

This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of a prototype wettability switching soft skin device that dynamically switches its surface morphology between flat and rough states. The device, which consists of a 1-μm-thick polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) deformable diaphragm on a PDMS substrate with a micro-bump arrays, was successfully formed with a high fabrication yield by a novel method of device releasing from a dummy substrate. In buffered hydrofluoric acid (BHF) solution, a sacrificial layer of a novolak-resin-based resist was able to be rapidly released from the OH-terminated SiO2 surface of the dummy substrate, probably due to the breaking of hydrogen bonds at the interface. The wettability of the fabricated device was reversibly switched using micro-diaphragm deformation by varying the inner pressure. When a droplet was placed on the surface in the rough state, a large contact angle of approximately 140° was obtained, close to the Cassie mode with air in the concave-deformed PDMS micro-diaphragms, which indicated a high surface hydrophobicity. During cyclic switching between the rough and flat states after second switching, the contact angle reversibly changed between 106° and 120°, in good agreement with the Wenzel mode, where the micro-diaphragm surfaces were fully wet. Additionally, we observed that the droplet did not move even on the tilted device.
Cutting Point Detection Using a Robot with Point Clouds for Tomato Harvesting
Authors: Yoshida Takeshi , Fukao Takanori , Hasegawa Takaomi ,   Ritsumeikan University 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan,   Denso Corporation 1-1 Syowa-cho, Kariya, Aichi 448-8661, Japan
Published: April 2020

This paper proposes a method to detect cutting points on tomato peduncles using a harvesting robot. The main objective of this study was to develop automated harvesting robots. The harvesting robot was equipped with an RGB-D (Red, Blue, Green, and Depth) camera to detect peduncles and an end effector to harvest tomatoes. Robots must be able to detect where to cut crops during harvesting. The proposed method was used to detect the cutting points on peduncles using a point cloud captured by the RGB-D camera. Our robot was used to identify the cutting points on target tomato peduncles at an actual farm to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach experimentally. Using the proposed method, the harvesting robot could detect the cutting points on tomatoes.
Gram-Negative Antibiotic Coverage in Gustilo-Anderson Type-III Open Fractures
Authors: Hand Thomas L. , Hand Elizabeth O. , Welborn Amber , Zelle Boris A.
Published: April 2020

➢ Gustilo-Anderson type-III open fractures remain a considerable cause of morbidity and amputation.

➢ Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis with cephalosporins was introduced in the 1970s and substantially reduced the prevalence of infectious complications following injury.

➢ The use of antibiotics with an extended gram-negative (EGN) spectrum, such as aminoglycosides, is controversial; however, they are commonly used in type-III open fractures.

➢ Emerging literature has suggested that EGN antibiotic prophylaxis for type-III open fractures may not reduce infectious complication rates.

➢ Reducing the routine use of EGN antibiotics may be an important component of antimicrobial stewardship in orthopaedic trauma to reduce bacterial resistance and thus more complicated infections.
Suicide in Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture
Authors: Jang Suk-Yong , Yang Dae-Suk , Cha Yong-Han , Yoo Heon-Jong , Kim Kap-Jung , Choy Won-Sik
Published: April 2020

Background:

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the incidence rate (IR) of suicide in elderly patients with hip fracture on the basis of a nationwide cohort and to analyze the change in the hazard ratio for suicide after hip fracture over time in comparison with a control group.

Methods:

Patients with hip fracture and their matched controls were selected from the National Health Insurance Service-Senior cohort (NHIS-Senior) of the Republic of Korea. The NHIS-Senior consists of 558,147 people selected by a 10% simple random-sampling method from a total of 5.5 million subjects ≥60 years of age in 2002. Risk-set matching (1:2) on the propensity score was performed with use of a nearest neighbor matching algorithm with a maximum caliper of 0.1 for the hazard components. The IR of suicide and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated on the basis of a generalized linear model with a Poisson distribution. The effect size was presented as a hazard ratio (HR) with use of the Cox proportional-hazard model with a robust variance estimator that accounts for clustering within matched pairs.

Results:

A total of 11,477 patients with hip fracture and 22,954 matched controls were included. The mean duration of follow-up was 4.59 years, generating 158,139 person-years. During follow-up, a total of 170 suicides were identified. Comparisons at up to 180 days and 365 days showed that patients with hip fracture were at higher risk for suicide than matched controls (p = 0.009 and 0.004, respectively; stratified log-rank test). During the first 180 days of follow-up, 14 suicides were identified in patients with hip fracture during 11,152 person-years (IR, 266.1 per 100,000 person-years; 95% CI, 157.6 to 449.4). Patients with hip fracture were 2.97 times more likely to kill themselves than their matched controls during the same period (HR = 2.97; 95% CI, 1.32 to 6.69).

Conclusions:

Hip fracture in elderly patients increased suicide risk within a year. A new approach to psychiatric evaluation and management is needed in elderly patients with hip fracture.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.