bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UAV Remote Sensing Assessment of Crop Growth
Authors: Dorbu Freda Elikem , Hashemi-Beni Leila , Karimoddini Ali , Shahbazi Abolghasem
Published: November 2021

The introduction of unmanned-aerial-vehicle remote sensing for collecting high-spatial- and temporal-resolution imagery to derive crop-growth indicators and analyze and present timely results could potentially improve the management of agricultural businesses and enable farmers to apply
appropriate solution, leading to a better food-security framework. This study aimed to analyze crop-growth indicators such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), crop height, and vegetated surface roughness to determine the growth of corn crops from planting to harvest. Digital
elevation models and orthophotos generated from the data captured using multispectral, red/green/blue, and near-infrared sensors mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle were processed and analyzed to calculate the various crop-growth indicators. The results suggest that remote sensing-based
growth indicators can effectively determine crop growth over time, and that there are similarities and correlations between the indicators.
Comparison of Machine Learning-Based Radioisotope Identifiers for Plastic Scintillation Detector
Authors: Jeon Byoungil , Kim Jongyul , Yu Yonggyun , Moon Myungkook
Published: November 2021

Background: Identification of radioisotopes for plastic scintillation detectors is challenging because their spectra have poor energy resolutions and lack photo peaks. To overcome this weakness, many researchers have conducted radioisotope identification studies using machine learning algorithms; however, the effect of data normalization on radioisotope identification has not been addressed yet. Furthermore, studies on machine learning-based radioisotope identifiers for plastic scintillation detectors are limited.Materials and Methods: In this study, machine learning-based radioisotope identifiers were implemented, and their performances according to data normalization methods were compared. Eight classes of radioisotopes consisting of combinations of 22Na, 60Co, and 137Cs, and the background, were defined. The training set was generated by the random sampling technique based on probabilistic density functions acquired by experiments and simulations, and test set was acquired by experiments. Support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), and convolutional neural network (CNN) were implemented as radioisotope identifiers with six data normalization methods, and trained using the generated training set.Results and Discussion: The implemented identifiers were evaluated by test sets acquired by experiments with and without gain shifts to confirm the robustness of the identifiers against the gain shift effect. Among the three machine learning-based radioisotope identifiers, prediction accuracy followed the order SVM >ANN>CNN, while the training time followed the order SVM>ANN>CNN.Conclusion: The prediction accuracy for the combined test sets was highest with the SVM. The CNN exhibited a minimum variation in prediction accuracy for each class, even though it had the lowest prediction accuracy for the combined test sets among three identifiers. The SVM exhibited the highest prediction accuracy for the combined test sets, and its training time was the shortest among three identifiers.
Tratamento ortodôntico interceptativo utilizando aparelhos autoligáveis passivos com prescrições individualizadas – fase 1: relato de caso
Authors: Villela Henrique Mascarenhas
Published: November 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: A dentição mista é um dos estágios do desenvolvimento da oclusão no qual ocorrem muitas transformações, não só em relação às trocas dentárias, mas também no crescimento e desenvolvimento facial. Nesse momento, podem surgir diversos tipos de manifestações de má oclusão, sendo uma excelente época para se interceptar problemas que podem interferir no correto crescimento e desenvolvimento do complexo dentomaxilar. Entre os diversos tipos de tratamentos interceptativos, o uso de aparelhos fixos autoligáveis passivos com prescrições individualizadas é uma excelente opção para efetuar o alinhamento e nivelamento de forma parcial em alguns dentes. Em casos selecionados, essa mecânica pode reduzir a indicação de extrações seriadas ou expansão rápida de maxila. A sua indicação é mais precisa para os casos nos quais existem apinhamentos com dentes de tamanho normal, na presença de atresia das arcadas com compensação vestibulolingual. OBJETIVO: O presente artigo mostra um caso clínico que utilizou, como opção de tratamento interceptativo na dentição mista, braquetes autoligáveis passivos e torques individualizados para corrigir um apinhamento severo nos incisivos inferiores, obtendo espaço para os incisivos laterais com necessidade de expansão transversal das arcadas dentárias. RESULTADOS: Em dois anos de tratamento, os incisivos alinharam-se, com um suave aumento da sua inclinação. Na avaliação de três anos pós-tratamento, com os pré-molares, caninos e segundos molares permanentes já irrompidos, o ganho de espaço e a posição dos incisivos permaneceram estáveis mesmo sem contenção. O efeito ortodôntico mais significativo foi a correção do apinhamento severo na arcada inferior utilizando-se prescrição de baixo torque (LOW torque). Ocorreu um controle da inclinação para vestibular, com IMPA inicial de 95o para 100o e, após três anos, IMPA = 102o . Na arcada superior, não houve grandes movimentações dos incisivos para vestibular, com 1.PP inicial de 112o para 115o , sem modificação após três anos. O tratamento interceptativo corrigiu os problemas de alinhamento dentário, com a normalização dos trespasses horizontal e vertical dos incisivos, proporcionando uma condição favorável para o desenvolvimento mandibular natural, com a redução da discrepância sagital entre maxila e mandíbula (ANB: inicial = 8,0o , final = 6,0o , controle após 3 anos = 3o ). CONCLUSÃO: Essa estratégia de tratamento interceptativo foi eficiente na correção do apinhamento severo dos incisivos inferiores na dentição mista, com controle da inclinação desses dentes e com resultados estáveis após três anos sem contenção.
Studi Awal Penerapan Distributed Generation untuk Optimalisasi PLTS Atap On Grid pada Pelanggan PLN Sistem Jawa Bali untuk Memenuhi Target EBT Nasional
Authors: Fahmi Jauhar , Windarta Jaka , Wardaya Asep Yoyo
Published: November 2021

Penyediaan energi baru dan terbarukan yang lebih ramah terhadap lingkungan akhir-akhir ini lebih mengemuka tidak hanya karena energi fosil yang semakin menipis tapi sebagai bentuk tanggung jawab terhadap energi berkelanjutan. Namun pada tataran pelaksanaan meski pemerintah melalui KEN dan RUEN telah memberikan pedoman sejauh ini belum berjalan baik. Lebih khusus terhadap pemanfaatan energi surya yang secara ironis yang berpotensi terbesar justru pemanfaatannya paling sedikit. Makalah ini memberikan studi awal pada ide skema pemanfaatan energi surya melalui Photovoltaic (PV) atap yang terkoneksi jaringan on-grid tanpa penyimpanan energi sebagai pembangkitan terdistribusi Distributed Generation dengan memanfaatkan jaringan lisrik yang telah terkoneksi luas. Metode ini memanfaatkan keunggulan jumlah pelanggan yang sangat besar dan dengan memanfaatkan sebarannya yang luas dengan program pembiayaan nasional yang berbeda dengan penggunaan PLTS terpusat berskala besar.
Overview Perkembangan Pemanfaatan Energi Primer Gas Bumi Di Indonesia
Authors: Tampubolon Aron Pangihutan Christian , Kiono Berkah Fajar Tamtomo
Published: November 2021

Gas bumi merupakan salah satu energi primer di Indonesia yang memiliki berbagai peranan baik di sektor industri maupun rumah tangga. Gas bumi masih dipandang energi yang lebih bersih dan kompetitif bila dibandingkan dengan energi fosil lainnya namun terdapat sejumlah tantangan untuk mencapai target bauran energi primer gas bumi. Tantangan Indonesia masih memiliki cadangan gas bumi sebesar 77,29 TSCF pada tahun 2019 atau potensi cadangan berjangka waktu 29 tahun berdasarkan production to reserve ratio. Potensi  cadangan ini dinilai lebih kecil bila dibandingkan dengan sumber energi fosil lainnya seperti jangka waktu cadangan batubara sampai 82 tahun. Tantangan lainnya adalah persentase ekspor gas bumi yang masih tinggi, pembangunan infrastruktur pemanfaatan gas bumi serta tingkat partisipasi dalam aktivitas eksplorasi wilayah kerja cadangan gas bumi. Tantangan ini dapat dikelola dengan dukungan kebijakan pemerintah untuk peningkatan aktivitas eksplorasi, perbaikan tata kelola dan hilirisasi gas bumi, penekanan angka ekspor gas bumi dengan persiapan pengembangan infrastruktur penyerapan suplai gas bumi untuk kebutuhan domestik, serta koordinasi dengan semua pihak terkait untuk memastikan pemenuhan perizinan terutama izin lingkungan dan isu sosial. Pengembangan produk DME sebagai substitusi impor LPG juga dapat dilakukan untuk memaksimalkan penggunaan gas bumi domestik. Pada masa pandemi Covid-19, penurunan energi primer lain seperti minyak bumi dan batubara tentunya menjadi kesempatan untuk meningkatkan persentase bauran energi gas bumi mencapai 22%. Penurunan harga gas bumi selama masa pandemi yang mengakibatkan penurunan ekspor gas dapat menjadi kesempatan untuk memanfaatkan gas bumi bagi kebutuhan domestik.
Maksimalkan Potensi Geothermal dengan Pembentukan Holding BUMN Geothermal
Authors: Harefa Jonius Christian , Harmoko Udi
Published: November 2021

Geothermal merupakan potensi energi yang ramah lingkungan dan merupakan energi primer yang dapat diandalkan dikarenakan siklus pemanfaatannya yang sangat lama. Geothermal energi di Indonesia merupakan cadangan terbesar kedua di dunia. Akan tetapi, pemanfaatannya masih belum maksimal dikarenakan pemanfaatan energi di Indonesia masih di dominasi oleh energi berbahan bakar fosil dibandingkan dengan berbahan bakar non fosil. Transisi pemanfaatan energi dari energi fosil ke non fosil telah dituangkan dalam rencana umum energi nasional. Persentase penggunaan energi terbarukan diharapkan naik setiap tahun, sebaliknya energi fosil perlahan mulai ditinggalkan. Tantangan dalam pemanfaatan geothermal juga sangat besar. Nilai investasi yang sangat besar diawal dan tingkat resiko investasi yang sangat besar membuat investor mengkaji kembali secara matang untuk berinvestasi di sektor ini. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah dalam hal ini melalui kementerian BUMN berencana membentuk Holding BUMN khusus Geothermal energi. Pembentukan Holding BUMN Geothermal diharapkan dapat memaksimalkan potensi “harta karun” Indonesia terbesar kedua di dunia ini. Teknologi geothermal saat ini juga sudah mendukung secara maksimal untuk teknologi combined cycle sehingga pemanfaatannya bisa dimaksimalkan. Holding BUMN merupakan langkah yang tepat untuk pemanfaatan potensi geothermal di Indonesia.
Adaptogenic activity of Cinnamomum camphora, Eucalyptus globulus, Lavandula stœchas and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil used in North-African folk medicine
Authors: Boumendjel Mahieddine , Boucheker Abdennour , Feknous Sandra , Taibi Faiza , Rekioua Naouel , Bouzeraa Nawel , Chibi Asma , Feknous Nesrine , Baraoui Allaeddine , N’har Salem , Toubal Azzeddine , Taguida Amira , Zaidi Hadjer , Sekiou Omar , Bouziane Ismaïl , Metai Abdallah , Bouaziz Mourad , Benselhoub Aïssa , Boumendjel Amel , Messarah Mahfoud
Published: November 2021

Depressive anxiety is one of the most emotional disorders in our industrial societies. Many treatments of phobias exist and are based on plant extracts therapies, which play an important role in the amelioration of the behavior. Our study aimed to evaluate the adaptogenic activity of different essential oils provided from local plants: Cinnamomum camphora (Camphora), Eucalyptus globulus (Blue gum), Lavandula stœchas (Topped lavender) and Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) on Wistar rats. The adaptogenic activity was evaluated on the elevated plus-maze. The efficacy of the extract (200 mL/kg) was compared with the standard anxiolytic drug Diazepam® 1 mg. Animals administered by the essential oil of Lavandula stœchas, Cinnamomum camphora, Rosmarinus officinalis and Eucalyptus globulus showed a behavior similar to those treated with Diazepam®. For groups treated with the following essential oils: Rosmarinus officinalis, Lavandula stoechas and Cinnamomum camphora at a dose of 200 mL/kg, we notice an increase in the time spent on the open arms of the elevated plus-maze and a decrease in time spent on the closed arms of the elevated plus-maze, especially for Rosmarinus officinalis, which explains the anxiolytic effect of these plants. We also notice a decrease in the number of entries in closed arms, open arms and the number of passing to the central square. The increase in the number of entries to open arms with Eucalyptus globulus essential oil shows a reduction in anxiety behavior in rodents and this shows that these plants have an inhibitory effect.
The relationship between the simultaneity present of cagA and hopQI genes in Helicobacter pylori and the risk of gastric cancer
Authors: Chen Baosheng , Zhang Jishui , Ma Qiutong
Published: November 2021

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that causes infections in the gastrointestinal tract. This type of bacterium is very common and contagious at the same time. H. pylori enters the mouth and continues its course along the gastrointestinal tract. H. pylori infection induces an inflammatory response that leads to the activity of neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. In addition to the bacterial role in gastric mucosa, the host's inflammatory response may also play a role in disease outcome. In inflammation, the risk of carcinogenesis increases due to DNA damage increased proliferation and the creation of an environment rich in cytokines and growth factors. Genetic methods and diagnosis of H. pylori genes are used to identify healthy and healthy gastric cancer patients infected with H. pylori. In relation to the genes associated with H. pylori pathogenesis, the presence of genes such as cagA, hopQI, hopQII and so on is used, and PCR of a part of these genes amplified fragments of different lengths. One of the less-studied cases is the association of two or more pathogenic genes simultaneously with H. pylori. In this research, the frequency of disease and healthy individuals who are infected with H. pylori and have two genotypes cagA and hopQI at the same time, was examined. In order to diagnose H. pylori-infected individuals in healthy and gastric cancer patients, after PCR of glmM gene, PCR product electrophoresis on agarose gel was used. For this purpose, gastric tissue biopsy was used in patients and saliva was used in healthy individuals. For this purpose, 100 gastric biopsy samples were collected from patients with gastric cancer and 100 saliva samples from healthy individuals. According to the data, there is a significant relationship between the simultaneous presence of two genes cagA and hopQI and gastric cancer. In patients, 45.3% showed both genotypes, while in healthy individuals only 10.5% have this genotype and other healthy but infected with H. pylori (90.8%) do not have this genotype. To be. No report was observed on the simultaneous study of cagA and hopQI genes. No report was observed regarding the simultaneous study of cagA and hopQI genes.
Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis adhesion on implantable titanium used in odontology: a preliminary study
Authors: Tchinda Alex , Pierson Gaël , Chezeau Laetitia , Kouitat-Njiwa Richard , Rihn Bertrand Henri , Bravetti Pierre
Published: November 2021

The study presented here aimed to assess the ability of Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis bacteria to adhere to and form biofilm on the structure of titanium used in implants. D. fairfieldensis was found in the periodontal pockets in the oral environment, indicating that these bacteria can colonize the implant-bone interface and consequently cause bone infection and implant corrosion. Plates of implantable titanium, of which surfaces were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, were immersed in several suspensions of D. fairfieldensis cells containing potassium nitrate on the one hand, and artificial saliva or a sulfato-reducing bacterial culture medium on the other hand. Following various incubation timepoints bacteria were counted in different media to determine their doubling time and titanium samples are checked for and determination of the total number of adhered bacteria and biofilm formation. Adhesion of D. fairfieldensis on titanium occurs at rates ranging from 2.105 to 4.6.106 bacteria h-1cm-2 in the first 18 h of incubation on both native and implantable titanium samples. Following that time, the increase in cell numbers per h and cm2 is attributed to growth in adhered bacteria. After 30 days of incubation in a nutrient-rich medium, dense biofilms are observed forming on the implant surface where bacteria became embedded in a layer of polymers D. fairfieldensis is able of adhering to an implantable titanium surface in order to form a biofilm. Further studies are still necessary, however, to assess whether this adhesion still occurs in an environment containing saliva or serum proteins that may alter the implant surface.
The effect of synthesized cartilage tissue from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in orthopedic spine surgery in patients with osteoarthritis
Authors: Weijie Tang , Xinhua Guan , Jingqi Han , XiLing Yin , Zuoji Feng
Published: November 2021

Osteoarthritis is a joint disease that causes degeneration of articular cartilage and involvement of subcutaneous bone and inflammation of surrounding tissues. It can affect any joints, but the most common joints are the joints of the hands, feet, knees, thighs, and spine. Osteoarthritis patients need surgery in acute cases. The use of methods that increase the efficiency of this surgery has always been considered by researchers and surgeons. For this purpose, in the current study, the effect of synthesized cartilage tissue from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells was considered in orthopedic spine surgery in patients with osteoarthritis. Thirty patients over the age of 60 who had acute spinal osteoarthritis and required surgery were selected. The pellet culture system of human adipose-derive mesenchymal stem cells of each patient was used to construct cartilage tissue. For 15 of them, in addition to implants, cartilage grafts were transplanted during surgery. All patients were monitored by the Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire, for one year. In general, the results showed that over time, patients with transplanted cartilage tissue and implants were in a better condition than patients who underwent only implant surgery.
Evaluation of P53 gene expression by immunohistochemistry to diagnosis oral precancerous lesions
Authors: Wang Ling , Qi Fengna , Hao Lele , Sun Honglei
Published: November 2021

Oral Precancerous lesions include leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and mucosa palate changes due to reverse smoking. Assessing the prevalence of these lesions in a cross-sectional study can be effective in the timely prevention and treatment of lesions, in any community. Hence, in the present study, evaluation of P53 gene expression was done by immunohistochemistry method to diagnosis oral precancerous lesions. For this purpose, 111 Chinese patients (54 women and 57 men) were selected for examination. The age range of these patients was 22 to 69 years, and their average age was 32.6 years. All patients were examined by one physician. Oral mucosa was used for immunohistochemical evaluations. All samples taken from patients' mucosa were evaluated by one pathologist under a light microscope. 80 cases of the 111 patients were smokers and 27 were non-smokers. Among the 80 smokers, 56.25% had leukoplakia, 3.75% had erythroplakia, and 40% had mucosa palate changes. Regarding non-smokers, 74.07% had leukoplakia and 25.93% had erythroplakia. None of the non-smokers had mucosa palate changes. In terms of the lesion location, in patients with leukoplakia 89.23%, and patients with erythroplakia 90% of the lesion was located in the cheek mucosa and buccal vestibule. Also, in patients with leukoplakia 9.23%, and patients with erythroplakia 10% of the lesion was located in the lips vestibular mucosa. Only 1.54% of leukoplakia had a lesion in the vermilion border, and none of the erythroplakia patients had a lesion on the vermilion border. 76 patients (68.46%) showed positive expression of the P53 gene. The expression level of the P53 gene did not show a significant relationship with age, and the genders did not have a statistically significant difference in terms of gene expression. The expression level of the P53 gene was 59.8% in leukoplakia, 70% in erythroplakia, and 40% in Mucosa palate changes. The present study showed that the evaluation of P53 gene expression was well able to detect oral precancerous lesions and their severity by increasing their expression rate.
Evaluation of serum zinc level and IL-18 mRNA expression in children with pneumonia
Authors: Yang Shixiong , Shi Jin
Published: November 2021

Pneumonia is currently one of the leading causes of death in children. Increased susceptibility to pneumonia may be due to their decreased immunity. One of the reasons for the decrease in immunity is zinc deficiency. In children with pneumonia, on the other hand, some cytokines are secreted, resulting in inflammation that spreads, persists, and makes treatment difficult for specialists. In this study, we investigated the serum zinc level in children with pneumonia and healthy children. Also, we tried to find its relationship with IL-18 mRNA expression as an inflammatory cytokine. For this purpose, serum zinc levels and IL-18 mRNA expression were evaluated in 120 children aged 3-60 months with pneumonia and 120 healthy children. After taking 2ml of blood from children and measuring serum zinc level, the level of the IL-18 mRNA was measured by real-time PCR. Total RNA was extracted by bioZOL™-G RNA Isolation Reagent kit. The primary cDNA was amplified by the extracted RNA, and in the next step, 2µl of cDNA were amplified by specific primers to measure IL-18 mRNA. The Beta-actin gene was also used as internal control and housekeeping gene. Results showed that the level of zinc in the patient group was 412.625±28.87?M and in the control group was 514.40±49.67?M. This difference was statistically significant (P=0.0053). Also, the expression of the IL-18 gene was increased in children with pneumonia, significantly (P=0.0015). Therefore, from the results, it can be deduced that children with zinc deficiency were at higher risk for a lung infection. Inflammatory cytokines such as IL-18 also were increased in these children. Hence, it can be concluded that zinc levels can reduce the expression of IL-18 mRNA and play an important role in the prevention and treatment of children with pneumonia.
Bacterial factors of mastitis in lactating women and its effect on the physical properties and chemical composition of breast milk
Authors: Shuyang Xu , Qiang Yu
Published: November 2021

Mastitis is a complication seen in some breastfeeding mothers and is the most common inflammatory lesion of the breast in breastfeeding mothers. In this complication, breast milk undergoes chemical and physical changes. It can lead to a drop in breastfeeding, weight loss, and, consequently, stunted growth of infants. Bacteria are the main cause of breast inflammation. Therefore, in this study, bacterial factors of mastitis were evaluated in lactating women. Also, their effects were considered on the physical properties and chemical composition of mothers' breast milk. For this purpose, 210 breastfeeding mothers referred to health centers were randomly selected, and their milk samples were collected. In addition to collecting mothers' demographic information by a questionnaire, the chemical composition (sugar, protein, and fat) and the physical properties (pH, density, and freezing temperature) of milk were measured. Bacterial evaluations were performed on the milk of these mothers by catalase test, coagulase test, and mannitol salt agar. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test, and T-test. The results showed that 56 mothers had mastitis, and Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the main bacteria in the milk of these mastitis mothers. These bacteria caused physical and chemical changes in breast milk so that mothers with Staphylococcus aureus mastitis had less sugar in their milk, and mothers with coagulase-negative staphylococci had less protein in their milk. Therefore, Staphylococcus aureus may reduce milk sugar by consuming milk sugar, and coagulase-negative staphylococci may also target milk protein. But to confirm these results, a larger population of mothers with mastitis is needed. Further studies are also needed to prove this result.
Interpretacja humanistyczna dyskursów performatywnych
Authors: Tarnowski Józef
Published: November 2021

Jerzy Kmita’s conception of humanistic interpretation is an appropriate reconstruction of communicative discourses, but it does not allow reconstruction of the non-communicative ones. In order to extend the range of application, I have employed John L. Austin’s performative-constative distinction, but have expanded its scope from speech acts to any discourses. As a result, the classification of discourse is as follows: explicit and implicit constatives, and explicit and implicit performatives. The efficacy of the new categorisation has been demonstrated with selected discourses sourced from the history of aesthetics.
Teologa przygody z historią starożytną i średniowieczną; rec. książki: Stanisław Suwiński, Ideał życia chrześcijańskiego w świetle wybranych pism św. Grzegorza Wielkiego
Authors: Spychała Dariusz
Published: November 2021

Teologa przygody z historią starożytną i średniowieczną; rec. książki: Stanisław Suwiński, Ideał życia chrześcijańskiego w świetle wybranych pism św. Grzegorza Wielkiego
Femtosecond lasers for eye surgery applications: historical overview and modern low pulse energy concepts
Authors: Asshauer Thomas , Latz Catharina , Mirshahi Alireza , Rathjen Christian
Published: November 2021

This review provides an overview of the historical development and modern applications of femtosecond (fs) lasers in ophthalmology, with a focus on the optical concepts involved. fs-Laser technology is unique because it allows very precise cutting inside the eye through optically transparent tissue, without a need for any mechanical openings. fs-Lasers were historically first used for refractive cornea surgery, later also for therapeutic cornea procedures and lens surgery. Further new areas of ophthalmic application are under development. The latest laser system concept is low pulse energy and high pulse frequency: by using larger numerical aperture focusing optics, the pulse energy required for optical breakdown decreases, and athermal tissue cutting with minimal side effects is enabled.
Cobb-Douglas Preferences and Pollution in a Bilateral Oligopoly Market
Authors: Kabré Anicet B.
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we investigate how pollution changes with preferences, focusing on a finite bilateral oligopoly model where agents have asymmetric Cobb-Douglas preferences. Producers are also consumers and the choice of heterogeneous preferences is related to the psychological foundations and identity aspects of group membership. We compare two strategic equilibria: the Stackelberg-Cournot equilibrium with pollution (SCEP) and the Cournot equilibrium with pollution (CEP). We show that considering the asymmetric preferences helps the public decision-maker to identify precisely the category of agents (consumer–producers or pure-consumers) for which a change in environmental preference parameters will most effectively reduce pollution. Furthermore, we find that firms’ emissions’ elasticity decreases with market power (when the market power increases) if their marginal cost is lower than their competitor. Finally, we show that when producers are also consumers, an action on pure-consumers’ preference parameters reduces more emissions than a similar action on consumer–producers, and this regardless of the timing of interaction.
EU Governments Must not Return to Their Dysfunctional Fiscal Rules
Authors: Truger Achim
Published: November 2021

Fiscal rules such as the European Stability and Growth Pact and the German debt brake have been suspended in the Covid19-pandemic in order to provide emergency measures and to overcome the crisis. Now, the controversial debate is back again: When should governments return to fiscal rules? Should they return to fiscal rules, at all? This article argues that it is not so much a question whether governments should return to fiscal rules at all, but to which kind of rules they should return. Following the deficit bias argument and the need for fiscal policy coordination in a monetary union some kind of limitation for government debt and some kind of fiscal rules may easily be justified. However, that does not mean that governments should return exactly to the previously existing rules, because these are economically flawed. Recently the argument for reform has become even stronger due to new empirical evidence about the macroeconomic effectivity of fiscal policy, the experience of the dysfunctionality of the existing rules during the Euro crisis and the fact that the cost of public debt has been reduced dramatically because of persistently low if not negative nominal interest rates.
MODAL SOSIAL KOMUNITAS DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI PURNA PEKERJA MIGRAN PEREMPUAN
Authors: Rofiuddin Arif , Ruwaida Ida
Published: November 2021

Abstract: This study aims to determine the empowerment carried out by the community in increasing the economic and social capacity of former female migrant workers. The research design used was descriptive qualitative. The research instruments included interview guides, observation guidelines and documentation. The results showed that the empowerment carried out by the community in increasing economic capacity had progressed and increased compared to before. The community here has social capital in the form of a social network in the social sphere to increase economic assets for former female migrant workers. Social capital itself has the power to capitalize social relations, including values, social networks and trust to obtain economic and social benefits.Abstrak:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  pemberdayaan yang dilakukan komunitas dalam meningkatkan kemampuan ekonomi dan social para mantan buruh migran perempuan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif.Instrumen penelitian meliputi pedoman wawancara, pedoman observasi dan dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukan pemberdayaan yang dilakukan oleh komunitas dalam meningkatkan kemampuan ekonomi mengalami kemajuan dan peningkatan dibandingkan sebelumnya. Komunitas disini  memiliki modal sosial yang  berupa jaringan  social dalam lingkup social untuk  menaikan asset ekonomi bagi para mantan buruh migran perempuan. Modal social sendiri memiliki kekuatan dalam mengkapitalisasiakn relasi-relasi social, mencakup nilai-norma, jaringan social dan kepercayaan untuk memperoleh keuntungan ekonomi dan social.
De otro mundo y en otra lengua. Informes de sostenibilidad sin conflictos ambientales ni pueblos originarios
Authors: Sarmiento Héctor José , Larrinaga Carlos
Published: November 2021

Desde una perspectiva conceptual latinoamericana, los informes de sostenibilidad vienen de otro mundo y hablan otra lengua. Para sustentarlo, este estudio pretende identificar prácticas invisibilizantes de la perspectiva indígena en los informes de sostenibilidad de reconocidas empresas extractivas, mediante el análisis de discurso y desarrollos del pensamiento crítico alternativo, aplicados a algunos conflictos ambientales que comprometen territorios y comunidades indígenas en Latinoamérica. Los informes, en tanto instrumento comunicacional de la contabilidad social y ambiental, son la principal fuente y se analizan desde las teorías (institucional, grupos de interés y legitimidad) que han soportado su enfoque y contenido. En contraste, la invisibilización y subalternación en los informes es examinada desde la visión crítica de las epistemologías del Sur y el pensamiento decolonial. Los hallazgos, contrastados con ong, prensa alternativa y fuentes estatales, muestran negación de los conflictos, invisibilización de las contrapartes y su resistencia, reproducción de la lógica dominante y colonialismo intelectual. Se concluye que el ocultamiento de hechos y la invisibilización cuestionan la transparencia y credibilidad de la gestión empresarial, y que las teorías hegemónicas no son pertinentes para examinar los problemas socioambientales del Sur Global, por lo que deben acogerse enfoques alternativos para su estudio y comprensión. Finalmente, se propone profundizar el estudio de la problemática mediante técnicas de investigación- acción-participación y enfoques decoloniales que relieven las perspectivas silenciadas.
Getting Back to Basics: Challenging Complexity and Accountability in the Boardroom
Authors: Gendron Yves , Malsch Bertrand , Tremblay Marie-Soleil
Published: November 2021

This paper investigates the dynamics of complexity and expertise in the context of compensation committees (ccs). Drawing on semi-structured interviews, mostly with cc members and consultants, we bring to light two axes of subordination that impact the mindset of corporate governance participants, and may ultimately undermine directors’ degree of accountability to shareholders. The first axis involves cc members’ subordination to consultant expertise, which tends to be considered as an indispensable ally in dealing appropriately with the webs of complexity that allegedly characterize executive compensation. Nourished partially by the first axis, the second implies subservience to these webs of complexity, which are widely presumed and naturalized by cc members and the consulting experts they employ. One of our main contributory statements is to question the ascendancy of complexity in the boardroom, casting doubt on one of the key assumptions upon which practices and expertise in contemporary corporate governance institutions are built and promoted. We also question the extent of epistemic dependency in many compensation committees, where much of the knowledge necessary to properly operate the repertoire of practices (deemed necessary to address the problem of executive compensation determination) is not primarily in the hands of cc members, but rather in those of consultants.
Healthily Crazy Business! Solidarity Economy and Financial Education as Emancipation Tools for the Mentally Ill
Authors: Teixeira Genta Maragni Felipe , Hsiao Jony , Pereira de Castro Casa Nova Silvia , Duarte Cardoso de Brito Natalia Dinoá , Aranha e Silva Ana Luisa
Published: November 2021

There is a socially constructed perception that people with mental illnesses do not have the resilience to endure the pressures of the capitalist model of work. Solidarity economy (SE) appears as an alternative for the inclusion of mentally ill people in the realm of work and productivity, enabling them to (re)produce their subjectivities. In this study, we develop a critical reflection on the possibilities of entrepreneuring, solidarity economy, and financial/accounting literacy as tools towards a health promotion strategy that empowers and allows the emancipation of the individuals, so that they may (re)write their stories and give society an account of themselves other than their mental illness. This paper starts from the analysis of the experience of two Brazilian se ventures engaged in mental health promotion, in which we proposed and conducted a financial education program aimed at providing SE worker-members with tools to actively participate in discussions about financial and accounting-related decisions. Afterwards, we engaged in an action research exercise, building on lessons learned: the importance of abandoning preconceived ideas of mental illness and relying on sharing experiences and participation; and how real-life struggles are a source of knowledge, as discussed through the concept of “learning by doing.”
Perspectivas para la reconceptualización de la Contabilidad en el marco de las necesidades humanas
Authors: Rojas-Rojas William , Ospina-Zapata Carlos Mario , Cardona Juan David , Ocampo-Salazar Carmen Alejandra , García Danny
Published: November 2021

Las condiciones de la contemporaneidad reclaman una reconceptualización del campo contable que permita desmitificar lo que el saber/poder ha naturalizado respecto de los alcances de la contabilidad para defender la vida y la naturaleza. Ubicamos una perspectiva alternativa de la socioeconomía centrada en el estudio de las necesidades humanas para resaltar algunas limitaciones de los enfoques más ortodoxos de la contabilidad y las potencialidades de propuestas como la contabilidad verde y la contabilidad ecológica. Utilizando como metodología la revisión documental, en clave interpretativa, se propone una conexión con el marco teórico del desarrollo a escala humana (DEH), perfilando una perspectiva de la contabilidad que ubica en el centro de su trabajo las necesidades y satisfactores comprometidos con la dignidad humana y la resolución de las consecuencias ecológicas de las dinámicas económicas vigentes. Sugerimos un marco general para una contabilidad que trascienda la medición del lucro, supere los límites de la entidad, incorpore distintos lenguajes valorativos, se descentre de la idea tradicional de patrimonio e incorpore en su episteme la comprensión de redes locales bajo criterios de cuidado ecológico y social.
A geospatial approach for site suitability and accessibility for healthcare services in Bankura district, West Bengal, India
Authors: Kanga Shruti , Kranjčić Nikola , Singh Suraj Kumar , Raja Selim , Durin Bojan
Published: November 2021

Healthcare site selection assumes an imperative part in healthcare development and management. From part of the public authority, proper medical site selection will help the distribution of clinical assets, coordinating with the arrangement of medical care with the social and economic demands, organizing the metropolitan and rural healthcare administration advancement, and facilitating social logical inconsistencies. Site suitability analysis is a variety of analysis utilized in GIS to work out the simplest place or site for one thing. The main objective of the current study was to select a site for new healthcare services with geospatial technologies to intermix spatial and non-spatial data to create a weighted result. The current study had been done into three phases, where many processes are intermixed into a single phase. In the first phase of analysis, distance, density, and proximity were mapped to seek out poor and lower accessible areas of healthcare from existing healthcare. To selecting new healthcare sites, four-factor criteria (Buffer around road and rail, land use land cover and buffer around settlement,) and some constrain criteria considered in the second phase of analysis. Finally, the shortest network path analysis has been done in the third phase to determine the shortest and best route from selected healthcare sites towards district medical college. The current study presents some suitable sites in the poor and inaccessible areas of the district. This study will be very helpful for the decision support system of healthcare management in the future.
Impact of anthropic activities on the geographic landscapes’ state in the area of Republic of Moldova in XXI century
Authors: Bejan Iurii , Boboc Nicolae , Muntean Valentina
Published: November 2021

Considerable anthropization degree of environment during the modern period had determined a gradual sinking of ecological stability of geographical landscapes, especially given the predominance of agricultural landscapes which occupy 73.4% from total area of Republic of Moldova at present [1]. Land Cadastre data for Republic of Moldova (2000-2020) [2] and population level’s statistical data (2000-2019) [3] was used to obtain a few indicators that reflect the state of geographical landscapes (population density, naturality index and environmental changes index) and quantify the anthropic pressure on the geographical landscapes at the commune level. We had used the period of 2000-2020 as the reference period.
Biodiversity policies, opportunities for restoring the economy
Authors: Ardeleanu Nicoleta-Nona , Breaban Iuliana-Gabriela
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the strategic and legal framework of the various areas directly dependent on the protection of biodiversity and the ecosystem approach in the funding programmes related to them. Data were collected by consulting a variety of sources, including articles, project results, European and national legislation, strategies and funding programs in the fields of Water, Forestry, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Agriculture and Rural Development, Energy and Regional Development. The results showed that, in the areas analyzed, there are no efficient tools for the integration of ecosystem services and natural capital. The level of integration of the ecosystem approach in the analyzed areas compared to the state of ecosystems in Romania indicates that there are not enough measures to protect natural capital through sustainable management. Both inter-institutional integration and coordination are needed to streamline the management of natural capital and the correct analysis and implementation of a payment system for ecosystem services.
Analysis of the Ratnakuta in the Mongolian Manuscript Kanjur
Authors: Alekseev Kirill
Published: November 2021

The Maharatnakuta is a collection of Buddhist texts, the bulk of which belong to the early Mahayana tradition. Its extant versions are included in the Chinese Tripitaka as well as the Tibetan and Mongolian Kanjurs. The collection has been studied to a certain extent with the use of the Chinese and Tibetan sources but almost nothing is known of its Mongolian-language versions. The article aims to provide a preliminary study of the Ratnakuta in the Mongolian manuscript Kanjur compiled in 1628–1629. It examines the structural traits of the collection, the data of the colophons and some textual elements preserved from the Tibetan original/s. The analysis reveals that, possibly, the major part of the Ratnakuta or the whole collection was translated into Mongolian en bloc in 1628–1629. The collection lacks eight sutras and places the final forty-ninth work between texts thirty-five and thirty-six. A number of textual elements preserved from the Tibetan source/s point to the proximity and possible relation of the Mongolian Ratnakuta to the Them spangs ma and Western Tibetan Kanjurs.
Thermal modes of operation of power-current contact of electric transport during conduct of bench tests
Authors: Mukha А.М. , Ustymenko D.V. , Diab Mohammad Al Said Ahmad
Published: November 2021

Purpose. Analysis of the results of bench tests of sliding electrical contacts of electric vehicles, in order to determine the thermal regime of the sliding contact.

Methodology. The initial data were obtained during field experiments on a specialized stand in the laboratory, which were carried out to determine the wear of the contact wire inserts of different types for pantographs of electro-rolling stock of railways. To determine the contact wire temperature at the place of sliding contact, a non-destructive non-contact method of control using a thermal imager was used.

Findings. During the experimental part of the research, the  thermal imaging photographs were obtained, they recorded the temperatures at the place of sliding contact between the insert of the pantograph of the electric rolling stock and the contact wire installed on the test disk. These temperature values were recorded with a certain time interval, which allowed to build the dependences of changes in thermal regime over time, to determine the heating time constant of the "insert-contact wire" of the test bench and to obtain the final temperature value at the end of tests. Accepting the insert sample in which the minimum temperature in the area of sliding contact is as a reference, it becomes possible by the value of the temperature of the contact wire in the area of sliding contact to predict the final test result of other types of pads.

Originality. Indicators of temperature modes of sliding contact of electric vehicles during bench tests are obtained for the first time, the proposed relative temperature indicator allows to predict the results of bench tests of qualitative indicators of sliding contact of electric vehicles..

Practical value. Bench tests of inserts of current collectors of electric vehicles are a long procedure, the normative indicator of the number of passes of the current collector on the stand is equal to 500 thousand passes, which requires significant expenditure of time, energy, human resources and others. The indicators proposed according to the test results, namely the heating time constant and the relative temperature index, allow to carry out two-stage tests. At the first stage, with a duration of 10 thousand revolutions of the test bench disk, the proposed indicators are determined and compared with the corresponding reference, in case of their compliance it becomes possible to predict the final test result as successful (contact wire wear less than normal) or unsuccessful. In the latter case, the need for the second stage of testing up to 500 thousand revolutions is questionable, because the end result will be negative, and the significant resources will be involved in the test, and therefore these tests are impractical.
The Normative-Ethical Context of the Golden Rule
Authors: Ruben Apressyan
Published: November 2021

According tocommonunderstanding, the Golden Rule exists in a form of maxims and various proverbs. However, in many cultural traditions, this rule is present as part of institutionalized texts and has a specific normative context. The article proposes an account of the Golden Rule within a particular example of the Judeo-Christian tradition (based on a study of the Bible books), in relation to the Lex Talionis and the Commandment of Love, in respect to what the Golden Rule is contextualized, in three stages. Firstly, the main passages, in which these principles are compared and contrasted have been selected in the books of the Bible. Such are the following: Lev. 19.18, 33–34, Matt. 6.37–38; 7.12; 22.40. Secondly, it has been taken into account that the normative content of these principles, although they are expressed in strict formulations, is internally dynamic. When clarifying both the normative context of the Golden Rule and the content of each of the principles, it is necessary to take into account their internal normative dynamism. Thus, Talion, which historically arose as a principle of retribution, limiting the amount of punishment to the degree of harm caused, eventually transformed into a principle of compensation, primarily monetary, and in a later era, early Christian authors reinterpreted it as a principle that admonishes against causing harm to anyone. The Commandment of Love for one’s neighbor covers the spectrum of demands from love for one’s neighbor as a close one through love for one’s neighbor, who is considered a stranger, to love for a neighbor, who is actually a foe. The normative dynamics of the Golden Rule can be traced in its two formulas – negative and positive. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the examples of thinking in the spirit of the Golden Rule, which are found in the oldest Bible books. Thirdly, the three principles are compared in their imperative characteristics by a number of parameters, regarding which similarities and differences between them are presented in different configurations.