bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beliefs and Practice Patterns in Spinal Manipulation and Spinal Motion Palpation Reported by Canadian Manipulative Physiotherapists
Authors: Carlesso Lisa C. , Macdermid Joy C. , Santaguida P. Lina , Thabane Lehana , Giulekas Kevin , Larocque Leo , Millard James , Williams Caitlin , Miller Jack , Chesworth Bert M.
Published: November 2012

Purpose: This practice survey describes how Fellows of the Canadian Academy of Manipulative Physiotherapy (FCAMPT) use spinal manipulation and mobilization and how they perceive their competence in performing spinal assessment; it also quantifies relationships between clinical experience and use of spinal manipulation. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was designed based on input from experts and the literature was administered to a random sample of the FCAMPT mailing list. Descriptive (including frequencies) and inferential statistical analyses (including linear regression) were performed. Results: The response rate was 82% (278/338 eligible FCAMPTs). Most (99%) used spinal manipulation. Two-thirds (62%) used clinical presentation as a factor when deciding to mobilize or manipulate. The least frequently manipulated spinal region was the cervical spine (2% of patients); 60% felt that cervical manipulation generated more adverse events. Increased experience was associated with increased use of upper cervical manipulation among male respondents (14% more often for every 10 years after certification; β, 95% CI=1.37, 0.89–1.85, p<0.001) but not among female respondents. Confidence in palpation accuracy decreased in lower regions of the spine. Conclusion: The use of spinal manipulation/mobilization is prevalent among FCAMPTs, but is less commonly used in the neck because of a perceived association with adverse events.
Interrater Reliability of the Adapted Fresno Test across Multiple Raters
Authors: Lizarondo Lucylynn M. , Grimmer Karen , Kumar Saravana
Published: November 2012

Purpose: The Adapted Fresno Test (AFT) is a seven-item instrument for assessing knowledge and skills in the major domains of evidence-based practice (EBP), including formulating clinical questions and searching for and critically appraising research evidence. This study examined the interrater reliability of the AFT using several raters with different levels of professional experience. Method: The AFT was completed by physiotherapists and occupational therapists, and a random sample of 12 tests was scored by four raters with different levels of professional experience. Interrater reliability was calculated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC [2, 1]) for the individual AFT items and the total AFT score. Results: Interrater reliability was moderate to excellent for items 1 and 7 (ICC=0.63–0.95). Questionable levels of reliability among raters were found for other items and for the total score. For these items, the raters were clustered into two groups—“experienced” and “inexperienced”—and then examined for reliability. The reliability estimates for rater 1 and rater 2 (“inexperienced”) increased slightly for items 2 and 5 and for the total score, but not for other items. For raters 3 and 4 (“experienced”), ICCs increased considerably, indicating excellent reliability for all items and for the total score (0.80–0.99), except for item 4, which showed a further decrease in ICC. Conclusion: Use of the AFT to assess knowledge and skills in EBP may be problematic unless raters are carefully selected and trained.
Assessing the Amount of Change in an Outcome Measure Is Not the Same as Assessing the Importance of Change
Authors: Stratford Paul W. , Riddle Daniel L.
Published: November 2012

Purpose: To determine whether a difference exists between patients' self-ratings of amount of change and their self-ratings of importance of change. Methods: Eighty-eight patients receiving treatment of low-back pain completed two global rating of change (GRC) scales 4 to 6 weeks after their initial assessments. The scales were similar in format, differing only in that one asked respondents about the amount of change and the other about the importance of change. Results: Our analysis was restricted to 86 patients who reported improvement or no change. The chance-corrected agreement between patients' self-ratings of amount of change and their self-ratings of importance of change was low (κ=0.35; 95% CI, 0.23–0.48). Of 47 disagreements, 44 reported a greater importance of change than amount of change and 3 reported a greater amount of change than importance of change. Conclusions: Assessing the amount of change is not the same as assessing the importance of change. When the goal is to estimate important change, the reference standard should direct patients to judge the importance of the change.
An Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of bis-1-(aroyl)-3-(aryl)thiourea
Authors: Mohebat Razieh , Mohammadian Gholam
Published: November 2012

A three-component and one-pot reaction between 2,6-diaminopyridine or 1,2-diaminobenzene and ammonium thiocyanate with the subsequent addition of an aroyl chloride afforded the bis-1-(aroyl)-3-(aryl)thiourea in excellent yields. It was important to make the thiocyanate derivatives first and then to use those to prepare the thiourea derivatives.
Solvent-Free and Ionic Liquid Catalysed Three-Component Method Synthesis of spiro-2-amino-4H-Pyrans Derivatives
Authors: Jin Shuai-shuai , Guo Hong-yun
Published: November 2012

In the absence of any solvent, a series of spiro-2-amino-4 H-pyrans derivatives were synthesised via the three component reaction of malononitrile and α-methylencarbonyl compounds/enol with 9,10-phenanthroquinone or ace-naphthenequinone using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide ([bmim][OH]) as a basic ionic liquid catalyst. This method has some distinct advantages such as mild reaction conditions, short reaction time and is environmentally friendly.
Imidazolium Ionic Liquids as Catalyst for Synthesis of (E)-3-Arylidene(thio)chroman-4-ones under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Li Hong-Ya , Li Shu-Na , Wang Quan , Wang Shu-Xiang , Zhu Bao-Cheng
Published: November 2012

Use of imidazolium ionic liquids [Bmim][CF3COO] and [Bmim]OH as a catalyst for synthesis of 3-arylidene(thio)chroman-4-ones by the condensation of (thio)chroman-4-ones and aromatic aldehydes under microwave irradiation conditions. A series of 3-arylidene(thio)chroman-4-ones were obtained as the only product and considerable increase of yield was founded within short time. The products 3-arylidene(thio)chromanones were assigned the ( E)-configuration based on 1H NMR spectroscopic data.
Palladium(II)- and Rhodium(I)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Derived from Menthol: Synthesis and Characterisation
Authors: Gu Zheng-Song , Ye Ting-Ting , Lu Jian-Mei
Published: November 2012

A carbene-Pd(II) complex and a carbene-Rh(I) complex, both derived from commercially available L-(–)-menthol, have been synthesised, characterised and their X-ray single-crystal structures determined.
Metal-Free Synthesis of 3-Sulfenylindoles via an Iodine-Mediated Electrophilic Cyclisation of 2-Alkynylanilines with Disulfides
Authors: Tao Li-Ming , Liu Wen-Qi , Zhou Yun , Li Ai-Tao
Published: November 2012

An efficient and metal-free method was developed to synthesise 3-sulfenylindoles via the iodine-mediated electrophilic cyclisation of 2-alkynylanilines with disulfides. In the presence of I2, various 3-sulfenylindoles were obtained in moderate to high yields.
The Extension of Statistical Entropy Analysis to Chemical Compounds
Authors: Sobańtka Alicja , Zessner Matthias , Rechberger Helmut
Published: November 2012

Statistical entropy analysis (SEA) quantifies the dilution and concentration of conservative substances (e.g., heavy metals) in a system. In this paper, the SEA concept is extended (eSEA) to make it applicable to systems in which the chemical speciation is of particular importance. The eSEA is applied to a simplified region used for crop farming. The extent to which the region concentrates or dilutes nitrogen compounds is expressed as the change in statistical entropy (DH). A detailed derivation for the calculation of DH is provided. The results are discussed for four variations of the crop farming system, showing that the efficiency of crop farming can be expressed by eSEA.
Spectral Inverse Quantum (Spectral-IQ) Method for Modeling Mesoporous Systems: Application on Silica Films by FTIR
Authors: Putz Ana-Maria , Putz Mihai
Published: November 2012

The present work advances the inverse quantum (IQ) structural criterion for ordering and characterizing the porosity of the mesosystems based on the recently advanced ratio of the particle-to-wave nature of quantum objects within the extended Heisenberg uncertainty relationship through employing the quantum fluctuation, both for free and observed quantum scattering information, as computed upon spectral identification of the wave-numbers specific to the maximum of absorption intensity record, and to left-, right- and full-width at the half maximum (FWHM) of the concerned bands of a given compound. It furnishes the hierarchy for classifying the mesoporous systems from more particle-related (porous, tight or ionic bindings) to more wave behavior (free or covalent bindings). This so-called spectral inverse quantum (Spectral-IQ) particle-to-wave assignment was illustrated on spectral measurement of FT-IR (bonding) bands’ assignment for samples synthesized within different basic environment and different thermal treatment on mesoporous materials obtained by sol-gel technique with n-dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and of their combination as cosolvents. The results were analyzed in the light of the so-called residual inverse quantum information, accounting for the free binding potency of analyzed samples at drying temperature, and were checked by cross-validation with thermal decomposition techniques by endo-exo thermo correlations at a higher temperature.
Computational Molecular Nanoscience Study of the Properties of Copper Complexes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Baldenebro-López Jesús , Castorena-González José , Flores-Holguín Norma , Almaral-Sánchez Jorge , Glossman-Mitnik Daniel
Published: November 2012

In this work, we studied a copper complex-based dye, which is proposed for potential photovoltaic applications and is named Cu (I) biquinoline dye. Results of electron affinities and ionization potentials have been used for the correlation between different levels of calculation used in this study, which are based on The Density Functional Theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD) DFT. Further, the maximum absorption wavelengths of our theoretical calculations were compared with the experimental data. It was found that the M06/LANL2DZ + DZVP level of calculation provides the best approximation. This level of calculation was used to find the optimized molecular structure and to predict the main molecular vibrations, the molecular orbitals energies, dipole moment, isotropic polarizability and the chemical reactivity parameters that arise from Conceptual DFT.
MiR-218 Impairs Tumor Growth and Increases Chemo-Sensitivity to Cisplatin in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Li Jiarui , Ping Zhang , Ning Hui
Published: November 2012

MicroRNAs are noncoding RNA molecules of 18–25 nucleotides that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional levels. Recent data revealed that miR-218 played key roles in tumor metastasis. Here, we described the regulation and function of miR-218 in cervical cancer. Overexpression of miR-218 reduced the proliferation of the human cervical cancer cell line HeLa and induced cell apoptosis through the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, it forced expression of miR-218 suppressed tumor growth in the orthotopic mouse model of HeLa cells. Furthermore, miR-218 increased chemosensitivity to cisplatin (CDDP) in vitro. Our results indicated that targeting miR-218 may provide a strategy for blocking the development of cervical cancer.
Pattern of Timing Adherence Could Guide Recommendations for Personalized Intake Schedules
Authors: Walter Philipp , Arnet Isabelle , Romanens Michel , Tsakiris Dimitrios , Hersberger Kurt
Published: November 2012

Deviations in execution from the prescribed drug intake schedules (timing non adherence) are frequent and may pose a substantial risk for therapeutic failure. Simple methods to monitor timing adherence with multiple drugs are missing. A new technology, i.e., the polymedication electronic monitoring system (POEMS) attached to a multidrug punch card, was used in a clinical trial on outpatients with prescribed medicines for vascular risk reduction. The complete delineation of timing adherence allows for the calculation of objective adherence parameters and the linking of exposure with drug-drug interactions. A sub-analysis was performed on 68 patients, who were prescribed lipid lowering therapy. A smaller intake time variability of the lipid lowering drug was significantly associated with better levels of LDL-cholesterol, independently of the time of day. This finding may challenge current general recommendations for the timing of lipid lowering drugs’ intake and substantiate that inter-individual differences in timing adherence may contribute to response variability. Thus, objective parameters based on multidrug adherence monitoring should be considered as independent variables in personalized medicine. In clinical practice, personalized intake recommendations according to patients’ pattern of timing adherence may help to optimize the effectiveness of lipid lowering agents.
Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy of Metal–Organic Framework Compounds (MOFs)
Authors: Hoffmann Herbert , Debowski Marta , Müller Philipp , Paasch Silvia , Senkovska Irena , Kaskel Stefan , Brunner Eike
Published: November 2012

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a well-established method for the investigation of various types of porous materials. During the past decade, metal–organic frameworks have attracted increasing research interest. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy has rapidly evolved into an important tool for the study of the structure, dynamics and flexibility of these materials, as well as for the characterization of host–guest interactions with adsorbed species such as xenon, carbon dioxide, water, and many others. The present review introduces and highlights recent developments in this rapidly growing field.
Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Activities of Two Secondary Metabolites of Talaromyces verruculosus
Authors: Miao Fang , Yang Rui , Chen Dong-Dong , Wang Ying , Qin Bao-Fu , Yang Xin-Juan , Zhou Le
Published: November 2012

From the ethyl acetate extract of the culture broth of Talaromyces verruculosus, a rhizosphere fungus of Stellera chamaejasme L., (−)-8-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxypentyl)-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin (1) and (E)-3-(2,5-dioxo-3-(propan-2-ylidene)pyrrolidin-1-yl)acrylic acid (2) were isolated and evaluated for their antimicrobial activities. Their structures were elucidated by UV, IR, MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and 2D NMR spectra. Compound 1 exhibited the significant activities in vitro against two strains of bacteria and four strains of fungi. Compound 2 gave slight activities on the fungi at 100 µg mL−1, but no activities on the bacteria. Compound 1 should be considered as a new lead or model compound to develop new isocoumarin antimicrobial agents.
Ultrasound-Promoted Greener Synthesis of Novel Trifurcate 3-Substituted-chroman-2,4-dione Derivatives and Their Drug-Likeness Evaluation
Authors: Liang Chengyuan , Jiang Hailong , Zhou Zhiguang , Lei Dong , Xue Yu , Yao Qizheng
Published: November 2012

An efficient and convenient approach for one-pot synthesis of 3-substituted chroman-2,4-diones via a three-component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, 4-hydroxy- coumarins and diverse pyrazolone derivatives was described. The combinatorial synthesis for this methodology was achieved by applying ultrasound irradiation in the absence of activator while making use of water as green solvent. Additionally, novel chroman-2,4-dione derivatives attached to an edaravone moiety represent an exploitable source of brand new anticancer agents. In comparison with conventional methods, experimental simplicity, good functional group tolerance, excellent yields, short routine, and atom efficiency are prominent features of this sonocatalyzed procedure.
Two-Dimensional Radial Laser Scanning for Circular Marker Detection and External Mobile Robot Tracking
Authors: Teixidó Mercè , Pallejà Tomàs , Font Davinia , Tresanchez Marcel , Moreno Javier , Palacín Jordi
Published: November 2012

This paper presents the use of an external fixed two-dimensional laser scanner to detect cylindrical targets attached to moving devices, such as a mobile robot. This proposal is based on the detection of circular markers in the raw data provided by the laser scanner by applying an algorithm for outlier avoidance and a least-squares circular fitting. Some experiments have been developed to empirically validate the proposal with different cylindrical targets in order to estimate the location and tracking errors achieved, which are generally less than 20 mm in the area covered by the laser sensor. As a result of the validation experiments, several error maps have been obtained in order to give an estimate of the uncertainty of any location computed. This proposal has been validated with a medium-sized mobile robot with an attached cylindrical target (diameter 200 mm). The trajectory of the mobile robot was estimated with an average location error of less than 15 mm, and the real location error in each individual circular fitting was similar to the error estimated with the obtained error maps. The radial area covered in this validation experiment was up to 10 m, a value that depends on the radius of the cylindrical target and the radial density of the distance range points provided by the laser scanner but this area can be increased by combining the information of additional external laser scanners.
Prion Disease and the Innate Immune System
Authors: Bradford Barry , Mabbott Neil
Published: November 2012

Prion diseases or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are a unique category of infectious protein-misfolding neurodegenerative disorders. Hypothesized to be caused by misfolding of the cellular prion protein these disorders possess an infectious quality that thrives in immune-competent hosts. While much has been discovered about the routing and critical components involved in the peripheral pathogenesis of these agents there are still many aspects to be discovered. Research into this area has been extensive as it represents a major target for therapeutic intervention within this group of diseases. The main focus of pathological damage in these diseases occurs within the central nervous system. Cells of the innate immune system have been proven to be critical players in the initial pathogenesis of prion disease, and may have a role in the pathological progression of disease. Understanding how prions interact with the host innate immune system may provide us with natural pathways and mechanisms to combat these diseases prior to their neuroinvasive stage. We present here a review of the current knowledge regarding the role of the innate immune system in prion pathogenesis.
Attitude of Physicians Towards Automatic Alerting in Computerized Physician Order Entry Systems
Authors: Jung M. , Hackl W. O. , Kirrane F. , Borbolla D. , Jaspers M. W. , Oertle M. , Koutkias V. , Ferret L. , Massari P. , Lawton K. , Riedmann D. , Darmoni S. , Maglaveras N. , Lovis C. , Ammenwerth E. , Hoerbst A.
Published: November 2012

Objectives: To analyze the attitude of physicians towards alerting in CPOE systems in different hospitals in different countries, addressing various organizational and technical settings and the view of physicians not currently using a CPOE.

Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative and qualitative questionnaire survey. We invited 2,600 physicians in eleven hospitals from nine countries to participate. Eight of the hospitals had different CPOE systems in use, and three of the participating hospitals were not using a CPOE system.

Results: 1,018 physicians participated. The general attitude of the physicians towards CPOE alerting is positive and is found to be mostly independent of the country, the specific organizational settings in the hospitals and their personal experience with CPOE systems. Both quantitative and qualitative results show that the majority of the physicians, both CPOE-users and non-users, appreciate the benefits of alerting in CPOE systems on medication safety. However, alerting should be better adapted to the clinical context and make use of more sophisticated ways to present alert information. The vast majority of physicians agree that additional information regarding interactions is useful on demand. Around half of the respondents see possible alert overload as a major problem; in this regard, physicians in hospitals with sophisticated alerting strategies show partly better attitude scores.

Conclusions: Our results indicate that the way alerting information is presented to the physicians may play a role in their general attitude towards alerting, and that hospitals with a sophisticated alerting strategy with less interruptive alerts tend towards more positive attitudes. This aspect needs to be further investigated in future studies.
Anticonvulsant Effects by Bilateral and Unilateral Transplantation of GABA-Producing Cells into the Subthalamic Nucleus in an Acute Seizure Model
Authors: Handreck Annelie , Backofen-Wehrhahn Bianca , Bröer Sonja , Löscher Wolfgang , Gernert Manuela
Published: November 2012

Neural transplantation of GABA-producing cells into key structures within seizure-suppressing circuits holds promise for medication-resistant epilepsy patients not eligible for resection of the epileptic focus. The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), a basal ganglia output structure, is well known to modulate different seizure types. A recent microinjection study by our group indicated that the subthalamic nucleus (STN), which critically regulates nigral activity, might be a more promising target for focal therapy in epilepsies than the SNr. As a proof of principle, we therefore assessed the anticonvulsant efficacy of bilateral and unilateral allografting of GABA-producing cell lines into the STN using the timed intravenous pentylenetetrazole seizure threshold test, which allows repeated seizure threshold determinations in individual rats. We observed (a) that grafted cells survived up to the end of the experiments, (b) that anticonvulsant effects can be induced by bilateral transplantation into the STN using immortalized GABAergic cells derived from the rat embryonic striatum and cells additionally transfected to obtain higher GABA synthesis than the parent cell line, and (c) that anticonvulsant effects were observed even after unilateral transplantation into the STN. Neither grafting of control cells nor transplantation outside the STN induced anticonvulsant effects, emphasizing the site and cell specificity of the observed anticonvulsant effects. To our knowledge, the present study is the first showing anticonvulsant effects by grafting of GABA-producing cells into the STN. The STN can be considered a highly promising target region for modulation of seizure circuits and, moreover, has the advantage of being clinically established for functional neurosurgery.
The multicomponent approach to N-methyl peptides: total synthesis of antibacterial (–)-viridic acid and analogues
Authors: Neves Filho Ricardo A W , Stark Sebastian , Westermann Bernhard , Wessjohann Ludger A
Published: November 2012

Two syntheses of natural viridic acid, an unusual triply N-methylated peptide with two anthranilate units, are presented. The first one is based on peptide-coupling strategies and affords the optically active natural product in 20% overall yield over six steps. A more economical approach with only four steps leads to the similarly active racemate by utilizing a Ugi four-component reaction (Ugi-4CR) as the key transformation. A small library of viridic acid analogues is readily available to provide first SAR insight. The biological activities of the natural product and its derivatives against the Gram-negative bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri were evaluated.
blaIMP and blaVIM mediated carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species in India
Authors: Amudhan M Shanthi , Sekar Uma , Kamalanathan Arunagiri , Balaraman Sekar
Published: November 2012

Introduction: The emergence and rapid spread of blaIMP and blaVIM metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producing Gram-negative bacteria causing nosocomial infections are of concern worldwide due to limited treatment options. Methodology: A total of 179 nonreplicate, consecutive, carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (61), Acinetobacter baumannii (116), Acinetobacter lwoffii (1) and Pseudomonas stutzeri (1) isolated from patients hospitalized for 48 hours or more were included in the study. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) to imipenem and meropenem were determined and interpreted according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The Modified Hodge Test (MHT) and inhibitor potentiated disk diffusion tests with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were used for screening of carbapenamases and MBL production respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for the detection of MBL (blaVIM and blaIMP) genes. Gene sequencing was performed for representative isolates. Results: MHT was positive in 94.4% (n = 169). MBL screening with EDTA was positive in 80.4% (n = 144). MBL genes bla VIM and bla IMP were detected in 92 (51.4%) isolates. Bla VIM alone was detected in 89 isolates while two isolates had bla IMP alone. One isolate had both bla VIM and bla IMP. Among the P. aeruginosa, 36 carried the MBL gene. In A. baumannii, 54 carried the MBL gene. Bla VIM was found in P. stutzeri and A. lwoffii isolates. Conclusion: Carbapenem resistance in P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii is chiefly mediated by MBL production. The common MBL gene is the blaVIM.
Increase in the detection rate of viral and parasitic enteric pathogens among Egyptian children with acute diarrhea
Authors: El-Mohammady Hanan , Mansour Adel , Shaheen Hind I. , Henien Nagwa H. , Motawea Mohamed S. , Raafat Ismail , Moustafa Manal , Adib-Messih Ibrahim A. , Sebeny Peter J. , Young Sylvia Y.N. , Klena John D.
Published: November 2012

Introduction: Acute diarrhea continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children from developing countries. Determination of the frequency of diarrhea in an area, along with the proportion of disease caused by specific enteric agents of different origins, is considered the first step in controlling diarrheal diseases. Methodology: From 2005 to 2007, a hospital-based surveillance was conducted in two locations in Egypt to determine the causes of acute diarrhea in children younger than 5-years seeking treatment. Five additional enteric viral and parasitic pathogens were tested using commercially-available enzyme immunoassays (EIA) to re-evaluate the prevalence of diarrheal pathogens in undiagnosed cases. Results: Adenovirus, astrovirus, norovirus and G. lamblia were detected as the sole pathogen in 2% (n=34), 3% (n=56), 9% (n=191) and 7% (n=146) of the cases, respectively. E. histolytica was never detected as the sole pathogen. The percentage of diarrheal cases with a known cause increased significantly, from 48% (n=1,006) to 74% (n=1,568) (P<0.0001). Conclusion: In our study, the incorporation of immunoassays yielded useful data in identifying pathogens in previously pathogen-negative diarrhea cases.
Ocular rhinosporidiosis: a case report from Delhi
Authors: Sood Neelam , Agarwal M C , Gugnani Harish C
Published: November 2012

Rhinosporidiosis caused by Rhinosporidium seeberii, a protistal microorganism, is endemic in several parts of India. Infection involves mucous membranes of the nose and paranasal sinuses and usually manifests as vascular friable polyps. A few cases of rhinosporidoisis have been reported from Delhi, in patients who were migrants from other states. The present case constitutes the first report of rhinosporidiosis in a Delhi resident; the lesion occurred as polypoidal mass of the palpebral conjunctiva.
Hospital infections in a neurological intensive care unit: incidence, causative agents and risk factors
Authors: Djordjevic Zorana , Jankovic Slobodan , Gajovic Olgica , Djonovic Nela , Folic Nevena , Bukumiric Zoran
Published: November 2012

Introduction: Hospital infections (HIs), which are frequently associated with hospital treatment, increase morbidity, mortality and treatment costs. The aim of this study was to establish the incidence of HIs in a neurological intensive care unit (nICU), and to determine the most prevalent causative agents and risk factors for HIs. Methodology: A cross-sectional study with nested case-control design was conducted between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 at an 18-bed neurological intensive care unit at the Clinical Center Kragujevac, Serbia. Results: In total, 537 patients were enrolled in the study, with 6,549 patient-days. There were 89 patients with 101 HIs. The incidence of patients with HIs was 16.57%, and incidence of HIs was 18.81%, while density of HIs was 15.42 per 1,000 patient-days. The most frequent anatomical sites of HIs were urinary tract (73.27%), blood (10.89%), and skin and soft tissues (10.89%). The following risk factors were identified: co-morbidity (OR=3.9; 95% CI=1.9-7.9), surgical intervention in the last 30 days (OR=5.6; 95% CI=1.5-20.4), urinary bladder catheterization longer than seven days (OR=3.8; 95% CI=1.8-8.2), value of Glasgow coma scale £ 9 (OR=3.7; 95% CI=1-6.9), and longer hospital stay (OR=1.1; 95% CI=1.1-1.2). Conclusions: Hospitalization in an nICU bears high risk of HIs, especially of urinary tract infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, in patients with longer hospital stay or co-morbidities, and in those who have had surgical interventions or prolonged use of a urinary bladder catheter. Special attention should be paid to these patients to prevent HIs.
Influenza monitoring in Sardinia, Italy identifies H3 subtype in Mediterranean wild migratory birds
Authors: Kelvin Alyson Ann , Meloni Dionigia , Sansonetti Paola , Borghetto Ilaria , Rowe Thomas , Santangelo Rosaria , Pisu Danilo , Cameron Cheryl M. , Paglietti Bianca , Banner David , Farooqui Amber , Marongiu Patrizia , Santona Antonella , Fadda Giovanni , Kelvin David J. , Rubino Salvatore
Published: November 2012

Introduction: Wild migratory birds are global distributors of pathogens. Sardinia, Italy, is the second largest Island in the Mediterranean and is a land bridge between Europe and Africa. Methodology: We designed a surveillance protocol to investigate wild migratory birds for presence, frequency, and type of avian influenza viruses. We collected over 4,000 avian samples and compared three sampling methods, fecal, cloacal, and tracheal, to determine the most productive for virus identification. To determine frequency of infection, RNA was extracted and RT-PCRs for avian influenza virus genes were run. Positive samples were cultivated for live virus, sub typed and sequenced. Results: Forty-four samples were positive for influenza nucleoprotein gene. We identified two previously unidentified H3 subtype strains and found cloacae to have the highest rate of virus identification and fecal sampling to provide quality RNA and repeatable results for determination of virus presence. Conclusion: Our investigation provides information on the frequency of Mediterranean avian influenza viruses, and validates the initiation of an avian influenza surveillance protocol.  Taken together with global avian influenza findings, these results give insight into infectious disease distributions which is important for viral pandemic monitoring and design of preventative measures.
La double révolution urbaine du tourisme
Authors: Stock Mathis , Lucas Léopold
Published: November 2012

Résumé Cet article travaille l’hypothèse que le système touristique a provoqué une double « révolution urbaine » : la première débute au xviii e siècle et correspond au développement partout dans le monde de lieux urbains créés spécifiquement par et pour le tourisme : la station touristique. La seconde, plus récente (2 e moitié du xx e siècle) est relative à l’imprégnation de plus en plus importante des villes par la sphère de la recréation. Pour cela, nous dégageons dans un premier temps un cadre théorique qui, à partir de travaux existant, propose une définition enrichie et complexifiée de l’« urbanité » et de l’« urbanisation ». Ce socle permet alors de réunifier dans une même réflexion les différentes modalités de participation du tourisme quant à la dimension urbaine des sociétés, ici plus spécifiquement envisagée à travers la qualité de ses lieux.
Le rôle des pratiques sportives et de loisirs dans la définition et l'urbanisation des sites touristiques en France
Authors: Schut Pierre-Olaf , Levet-Labry Éric
Published: November 2012

Résumé Le développement conjoint du sport et du tourisme a donné naissance à l’exemple le plus marquant de construction urbaine ex nihilo avec les stations de ski. Au-delà de ce phénomène d’exception, l’urbanisation des destinations touristiques, définies par leur potentiel pour la pratique d’activités physiques de loisirs, est un phénomène à la fois plus diffus mais également beaucoup plus étendu. À travers les exemples des activités nautiques et montagnardes, nous mettrons en évidence le rôle moteur des activités physiques dans ce processus. Cette démonstration se centre sur les débuts de l’institutionnalisation des pratiques physiques et touristiques, à la fin du xix e siècle, et s’appuie sur les archives et publications des sociétés d’encouragement de ces activités (Touring club de France, Club alpin français, Canoë club de France).
Naissance et développement de La Bourboule : ville thermale neuve française exemplaire
Authors: Férérol Marie-Ève
Published: November 2012

Résumé La Bourboule est une petite ville agréable, de 2 000 habitants, située dans le massif du Sancy, au centre de la France. Qui pourrait penser qu’il y a encore 150 ans, elle n’existait ni sur le plan administratif, ni sur le plan physique ? Comment expliquer qu’un hameau de quelques âmes soit devenu une commune et une ville à part entière, dotée des équipements urbains les plus représentatifs ? La réponse, on la doit à la nature qui l’a pourvue de sources thermales et surtout à la société capitaliste qui les a exploitées. Par son action (d’où son surnom de «  company town  ») et malgré des tensions avec les autres acteurs, La Bourboule connaît un succès touristique énorme et acquiert tous les éléments d’urbanité.
Quand le citadin joue au plagiste. Paris Plages, des référents touristiques dans le quotidien urbain
Authors: Pradel Benjamin , Simon Gwendal
Published: November 2012

Résumé Paris Plages propose un ensemble d’ambiances et d’expériences aux effets de dépaysement qui sont à la fois coupées de la ville et entièrement ancrées en elle. Cette proposition de s’extraire du cadre urbain routinier peut se lire comme un processus temporaire et original de mise en présence du tourisme par une dynamique de renversement des lieux (de la ville à la plage) et des usages (du citadin au plagiste). L’analyse empirique montre ainsi que les aménagements instrumentalisent la sémiosphère touristique des plaisirs balnéaires et des vacances. L’appropriation du lieu stimule alors une hybridation des comportements urbains individuels ouvrant sur une balnéarité urbaine collective. Paris Plages témoigne de la place du tourisme comme système ouvert d’acteurs, de pratiques et d’espaces dans les stratégies d’organisation socio-spatiale de la ville en proposant au citadin de « jouer au touriste » dans une urbanité provisoirement transformée.
Carte scolaire et ségrégation sociale des établissements. Une analyse monographique des collèges rennais
Authors: Merle Pierre
Published: November 2012

Résumé La carte scolaire est souvent associée à une croissance de la ségrégation scolaire. Toutefois, l’assouplissement de la carte scolaire mise en œuvre depuis 2007, dont l’objet était notamment de favoriser la mixité sociale, a paradoxalement réduit celleci. L’article a pour objet de revisiter les liens entre la carte scolaire, en vigueur avant 2007, et la ségrégation sociale. Une analyse monographique des collèges rennais montre que, avant 2007, la ségrégation scolaire n’augmente que dans les seuls établissements privés. Cette croissance de la ségrégation scolaire est expliquée par des processus d’interdépendance compétitive entre les collèges publics et privés en rapport direct avec leur localisation géographique, la spécialisation sociale de leur recrutement, les spécificités de leurs offres pédagogiques et la concurrence des nouveaux collèges construits dans les communes limitrophes.
Les processus participatifs transforment-ils les représentations des élus ruraux sur leur rôle et leur territoire ?
Authors: Buclet Nicolas , Salomon Danielle
Published: November 2012

Résumé L’article s’intéresse aux conséquences de la mise en échec des modalités traditionnelles de prise de décision, de l’évolution du rôle des élus, de la façon dont ils appréhendent leur territoire. Nous identifions dans un premier temps une tension entre la représentation que les élus se font de leur rôle et les aspirations au dialogue autour de projets de territoire. Nous voyons ensuite comment les promoteurs de mouvements de contestation pèsent sur le processus décisionnel et forcent les élus à négocier. Nous interrogeons enfin les conséquences des formes de dialogue engagées, en tant que vecteur potentiel d’apprentissage pour les élus, grâce au temps de réflexion associé au dialogue enclenché.
Le Dr Nguyễn Văn Luyện et ses confrères
Authors: Monnais Laurence
Published: November 2012

Constituant une première histoire de la médecine libérale indigène dans le Viêt Nam sous domination française, cet article revient sur certains acquis historiographiques et propose de nouvelles avenues pour enrichir la recherche sur l’histoire de la santé en contexte colonial. Il s’interroge d’abord sur les conditions et les motifs qui ont permis l’existence de cette communauté médicale a priori marginale ; il en établit ensuite les principales caractéristiques en termes de formation, de parcours professionnel et d’engagement médico-sanitaire et plus largement social. Ces médecins privés apparaissent alors comme des agents actifs, non seulement compétents mais inventifs, de la médicalisation coloniale dans l’entre-deux guerres, susceptibles d’avoir améliorer de façon substantielle la santé de la population colonisée. Pour donner corps et vie à cette médecine libérale, plusieurs de ses acteurs sont évoqués et en particulier le Dr Nguyễn Văn Luyện (1898-1946). Ces fragments biographiques permettent de révéler la polyvalence, l’expertise, le dynamisme et les engagements en santé publique et en matière de soins d’un nouveau groupe social attentif aux attentes de sa communauté, autant de manifestations probantes en même temps d’une demande en santé en mutation.
Du karma aux planètes
Authors: Coderey Céline
Published: November 2012

En Arakan, les conceptions de la maladie et les pratiques thérapeutiques relevant du bouddhisme theravāda, de l’astrologie, du culte des esprits, de la médecine et de bien d’autres domaines forment un ensemble signifiant et hiérarchisé. Ensemble signifiant parce que malades et thérapeutes considèrent ces conceptions et pratiques comme indissociables les unes des autres et devant donc être combinées afin de mener à bien le processus de guérison. Ensemble hiérarchisé car, à l’intérieur de celui-ci, le bouddhisme occupe une place hégémonique au niveau des valeurs. Néanmoins, dans le domaine thérapeutique, son apport est limité. Ce n’est que combinées aux pratiques astrologiques, médicales, etc. que les pratiques bouddhiques peuvent contribuer à la prévention et au soin des maladies. L’attention est ici portée sur la manière dont laquelle cette totalité signifiante et hiérarchisée s’exprime dans les pratiques des thérapeutes. Sur la base d’une étude de cas, l’article montre que souvent les thérapeutes cumulent plusieurs formations et pratiques plus ou moins hétérogènes afin de pouvoir intervenir sur le plus grand nombre possible de facteurs de la maladie : déséquilibre des éléments corporels, mauvais karma, influences planétaires néfastes, agressions par des puissances maléfiques.
Anthropologie et santé en Asie du Sud-Est
Authors: Guillou Anne Yvonne , Micollier Evelyne
Published: November 2012

Cet article, sous forme de bilan et perspectives, retrace la constitution progressive d'un champ de recherche spécifique : celui de la santé, de la maladie et des soins, envisagé ici principalement du point de vue historique et anthropologique. En identifiant les courants de ce champ assez récent, l’article souligne les « moments scientifiques » significatifs, évoque les thématiques privilégiées, l'évolution des problématiques ainsi que les principales avancées en Asie du Sud-Est. Cette aire géographique se révèle relativement peu explorée. Découpé de façon à la fois chronologique et thématique en référant à des ouvrages-clés, l’article montre l’étendue et la richesse des questionnements, comme le dynamisme de la discipline.
Fluoroquinolone Toxicity Symptoms in a Patient Presenting with Low Back Pain
Authors: Strauchman Megan , Morningstar Mark
Published: November 2012

Fluoroquinolone medications have been shown to contribute to tendinopathies, cardiotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Low back pain is a common musculoskeletal condition for which chiropractic treatment is most often sought. This case report details a patient presenting with low back pain and a history of fluoroquinolone toxicity. The patient was initially treated with chiropractic manipulation, which increased her symptoms. She was then referred to an osteopathic physician who treated the patient with intravenous antioxidants and amino acids, an elimination diet, and probiotic supplementation. Within 4 months of therapy, the patient reported a decrease in pain, a resolution of her dizziness, shortness of breath, panic attacks, tachycardia, and blurred vision. After an additional 8 weeks of antioxidant therapy, she reported further reductions in pain and improved disability. People susceptible to fluoroquinolone toxicity may present with common musculoskeletal symptoms. A past medical history and medication history may help to identify this population of patients. People presenting with fluoroquinolone toxicity may have unidentified contributing factors that predispose them to this anomaly. This patient reported improvements in pain and disability following antioxidant amino acid therapy for a total of 6 months. The natural history of fluoroquinolone toxicity is unknown and may account for the observed improvements.
Relationship between early and late stages of information processing: an event-related potential study
Authors: Portella Claudio , Machado Sergio , Arias-Carrión Oscar , Sack Alexander T. , Silva Julio Guilherme , Orsini Marco , Araujo Leite Marco Antonio , Cardoso Silva Adriana , Nardi Antonio E. , Cagy Mauricio , Piedade Roberto , Ribeiro Pedro
Published: November 2012

The brain is capable of elaborating and executing different stages of information processing. However, exactly how these stages are processed in the brain remains largely unknown. This study aimed to analyze the possible correlation between early and late stages of information processing by assessing the latency to, and amplitude of, early and late event-related potential (ERP) components, including P200, N200, premotor potential (PMP) and P300, in healthy participants in the context of a visual oddball paradigm. We found a moderate positive correlation among the latency of P200 (electrode O2), N200 (electrode O2), PMP (electrode C3), P300 (electrode PZ) and the reaction time (RT). In addition, moderate negative correlation between the amplitude of P200 and the latencies of N200 (electrode O2), PMP (electrode C3), P300 (electrode PZ) was found. Therefore, we propose that if the secondary processing of visual input (P200 latency) occurs faster, the following will also happen sooner: discrimination and classification process of this input (N200 latency), motor response processing (PMP latency), reorganization of attention and working memory update (P300 latency), and RT. N200, PMP, and P300 latencies are also anticipated when higher activation level of occipital areas involved in the secondary processing of visual input rise (P200 amplitude).
A theological model for pastoral anthropology within the dynamics of interculturality: Cura animarum and the quest for wholeness in a colo-spirituality
Authors: Louw Daniël J.
Published: November 2012

Healing is embedded in relational and systemic networks. In order to heal life (cura vitae) human relationships as determined by paradigms (patterns of thinking and conceptualisation) emanating from cultural settings, should be healed. In order to apply a holistic approach to healing in pastoral therapy, a systemic, relational and qualitative interpretation of soul in cura animarum [cure and care of human souls] was proposed. The notion of a colo-spirituality [spiritual culture] was developed in order to link interculturality to the trans-cultural notion of grace (the eschatological paradigm). The latter is the prerequisite for an intimate space of unconditional love in order to heal the quality of our human identity and attitude or habitus [being functions] within the existential realities of life (i.e. anxiety, guilt or shame, despair, helplessness or vulnerability, anger).’n Teologiese model vir ’n pastorale antropologie binne die dinamika van interkulturaliteit: Colo-spiritualiteit as integrale pastorale terapie binne cura animarum. Die konsep van heling is ingebed binne relasionele en sistemiese netwerke. Ten einde die lewe self te genees (cura vitae) moet menslike verhoudinge soos wat dit bepaal word deur paradigmas (patrone van rasionele denkkonstrukte) en kulturele kontekste genees word. Ten einde ’n omvattende en integrale benadering tot pastoral terapie te volg, word ’n sistemiese, relasionele en kwalitatiewe verstaan van die menslike siel in ’n pastorale model vir cura animarum voorgestel. Ten einde ’n interkulturele benadering in pastorale terapie te volg en heling te verbind met die trans-kulturele konsep van genade (die eskatologiese paradigma) word die konsep van ’n colo-spiritualiteit ontwikkel. Die verstaan van genade as ’n transkulturele konsep is nodig met die oog op die vestiging van ’n ruimte van onvoorwaardelike liefde wat die kwaliteit van menswees en houdinge (habitus) binne verskillende eksistensiële realiteite (d.w.s. angs, skuld en skaamte, wanhoop, hulpeloosheid en weerloosheid, woede) deurslaggewend bepaal.
Expressing the indescribable: Mystic desire and loss in Die sneeuslaper by Marlene van Niekerk
Authors: Van der Merwe Chris
Published: November 2012

The four stories in Die sneeuslaper by Marlene van Niekerk all contain a ‘narrative argument’ about the meaning of life and art. The article is about the role of mysticism in the ‘argument’. It is impossible to give an exhaustive definition of ‘mysticism’, but some characteristics mentioned by seminal studies on mysticism are mentioned. At the heart of mysticism, there seems to be a union with the Absolute – an indescribable experience. Mysticism, like trauma, shatters the world in its familiar guise; both phenomena are overwhelming, and they cannot be expressed by conventional language. In Die sneeuslaper, we find a connection between trauma, mysticism and creativity. The main characters go through a traumatic process in which they take leave of their familiar worlds, in search of a mystical reality, more pure than the reality of every day. By entering this ‘higher’ reality, the creative person is liberated from conventional language and thought and starts to penetrate into the essence of things. It is a process with a liminal structure developing in three stages: It begins with the departure from the familiar world, which leads to transformation and finally to a return with the fruits of creativity.