bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient delivery of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells to injured liver by surface PEGylation
Authors: Takayama Yukiya , Kusamori Kosuke , Katsurada Yuri , Nishikawa Makiya
Published: April 2023

Background
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been used in clinical trials for various diseases. These have certain notable functions such as homing to inflammation sites, tissue repair, and immune regulation. In many pre-clinical studies, MSCs administered into peripheral veins demonstrated effective therapeutic outcomes. However, most of the intravenously administered MSCs were entrapped in the lung, and homing to target sites was less than 1%. This occurred mainly because of the adhesion of MSCs to vascular endothelial cells in the lung. To prevent this adhesion, we modified the surface of MSCs with polyethylene glycol (PEG; a biocompatible polymer) using the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) method.
Methods
The surface of MSCs was modified with PEG using the ABC method. Then, the cell adhesion to mouse aortic endothelial cells and the tissue distribution of PEG-modified MSCs were evaluated. Moreover, the homing to the injured liver and therapeutic effect of PEG-modified MSCs were evaluated using carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver failure model mice.
Results
The PEG modification significantly suppressed the adhesion of MSCs to cultured mouse aortic endothelial cells as well as the entrapment of MSCs in the lungs after intravenous injection in mice. PEG-modified MSCs efficiently homed to the injured liver of carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver failure model mice. More importantly, the cells significantly suppressed serum transaminase levels and leukocyte infiltration into the injured liver.
Conclusion
These results indicate that PEG modification to the surface of MSCs can suppress the lung entrapment of intravenously administered MSCs and improve their homing to the injured liver.
Realization of a quantum neural network using repeat-until-success circuits in a superconducting quantum processor
Authors: Moreira Miguel , Guerreschi Gian Giacomo , Vlothuizen Wouter , Marques Jorge F. , Straten Jeroen van , Premaratne Shavindra P. , Zou Xiang , Ali Hany , Muthusubramanian Nandini , Zachariadis Christos , Someren Hans van , Beekman Marc , Haider Nadia , Bruno Alessandro , Almudever Carmina G. , Matsuura Anne , DiCarlo Leonardo
Published: April 2023

Artificial neural networks are becoming an integral part of digital solutions to complex problems. However, employing neural networks on quantum processors faces challenges related to the implementation of non-linear functions using quantum circuits. In this paper, we use repeat-until-success circuits enabled by real-time control-flow feedback to realize quantum neurons with non-linear activation functions. These neurons constitute elementary building blocks that can be arranged in a variety of layouts to carry out deep learning tasks quantum coherently. As an example, we construct a minimal feedforward quantum neural network capable of learning all 2-to-1-bit Boolean functions by optimization of network activation parameters within the supervised-learning paradigm. This model is shown to perform non-linear classification and effectively learns from multiple copies of a single training state consisting of the maximal superposition of all inputs.
Disparate activation routes of developing adsorbents from waste biomass: A comparative studies
Authors: Hashem Md. Abul , Mim Sadia , Payel Sofia , Al-Jabeen Husne , Sakib Md. Sajedur Rahman , Mizan Al , Basaran Bahri , Yapici Ali Nail , Sarker Majher I.
Published: April 2023

This work investigated the convenience of thermally prepared adsorbent over chemically modified absorbent made from Carica papaya tree for chromium eradication from tannery wastewater. Chemically modified Carica papaya tree adsorbents were developed employing zinc chloride (ZnCl2), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and nitric acid (HNO3) individually followed by calcination at 600°C where, thermally modified adsorbents was prepared by direct calcination at 600°C for 3 h. The potentiality of differently prepared adsorbents was evaluated by considering their efficacy in removing chromium from wastewater as well as the process simplicity. The chromium removal efficiencies obtained for ZnCl2, KOH, HNO3 modified and thermally modified Carica papaya tree adsorbents were 71.33%, 73.58%, 76.25%, and 99.89%, respectively. The chromium adsorption on different Carica papaya tree adsorbents was assessed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) analysis. The optimum condition for the maximum adsorbent’s efficacy was determined by conducting the batch experiments with varying the adsorbent doses, stirring time and settling time. Results revealed the maximum chromium removal efficiency of thermally modified Carica papaya tree adsorbent was 99.88% at 0.25 g/25 mL of adsorbent dose for a 20 min stirring time. Analysis from Freundlich and Temkin isotherm revealed the adsorption reaction as an endothermic chemisorption reaction with strong interaction between the adsorbent and chromium ion. In terms of kinetics, the Pseudo 2nd order equation had the best fitting with the experimental data considering the regression coefficient value (R2 = 0.9997). Thermally modified adsorbent from agricultural waste such as Carica papaya tree can be in use to reduce pollution load from tannery wastewater.
Terbium-Based Dual-Ligand Metal Organic Framework by Diffusion Method for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Danofloxacin in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Singh Gurdeep , Garg Deepika , Kumar Sanjay , Verma Rajpal , Malik Ashok Kumar
Published: April 2023

A water-dispersible Tb(III)-based Metal Organic Framework (TBP) has been produced by diffusion technique using benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (BTC) and pyridine as ligands at low-cost and accessible starting materials. The thermal stability, crystalline nature, and rod-shaped morphology of the synthesized TBP have been confirmed by thermogravimetric (TGA), crystallographic (PXRD), and morphological (FE-SEM) studies. Various spectroscopic techniques have been carried out for detailed qualitative, quantitative, and photoluminescence (PL) analyses. For the quick and precise identification of Danofloxacin (DANO), TBP can be used as a sensor in an aqueous medium with significant enhancement compared to various fluoroquinolone antibiotics (levofloxacin (LEVO), ofloxacin (OFLO), norfloxacin (NOR), and ciprofloxacin (CIPRO)) with low detection limit of 0.45 ng/mL (1.25 nM).According to in-depth mechanistic studies of the density functional theory (DFT) calculations and mode of action, hydrogen bonding interactions and photo-induced electron transfer (PET) are the major factors for turn-on enhancement behaviour of TBP to DANO. The advantages of TBP include simple recovery and reuse for at least three cycles without noticeable loss of sensitivity. All of these characteristics profoundly show how beneficial the detection of DANO in aqueous environments is for the security and safety of the public.
Direct letters to relatives at risk of hereditary cancer – study protocol for a multi-centre randomised controlled trial of healthcare-assisted versus family-mediated risk disclosure at Swedish cancer genetics clinics (DIRECT-study)
Authors: Hawranek Carolina , Ehrencrona Hans , Öfverholm Anna , Hellquist Barbro Numan , Rosén Anna
Published: April 2023

Background: The results of genetic investigation for hereditary cancer are of importance to the individual patients, but also to their genetic at-risk relatives. Standard care is to encourage the proband (first family member under investigation) to pass on this risk information to the relatives. Previous research suggests that with family-mediated disclosure only about a third of at-risk relatives contact health care to receive genetic counselling. In some studies, complementing family-mediated risk disclosure with healthcare-assisted risk disclosure almost doubles the uptake of genetic counselling in at-risk relatives. In this study we evaluate healthcare-assisted direct letters to relatives at risk of hereditary cancer syndromes in a randomised controlled trial.
Methods: Probands are recruited from Swedish outpatient cancer genetics clinics to this two-arm randomised controlled trial. The study recruits probands with either a pathogenic variant in a cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, MLH1, MSH2/EPCAM, MSH6, PMS2) or probands with familial breast and colorectal cancer based on clinical and pedigree criteria. In both arms probands receive standard care, i.e., are encouraged and supported to pass on information to relatives. In the intervention arm, the proband is also offered to have direct letters sent to the at-risk relatives. The primary outcome measure is the proportion of at-risk relatives contacting a Swedish cancer genetics clinic within 12 months of the proband receiving the test results.
Discussion: This paper describes the protocol of a randomised controlled clinical trial evaluating a healthcare-assisted approach to risk disclosure by offering the probands to send direct letters to their at-risk relatives. The results of this study should be informative in the future development of risk disclosure practices in cancer genetics clinics.
Trial registration; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04197856 (pre-trial registration on December 13, 2019). • https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04197856?id=NCT04197856&draw=2&rank=1&load=cart
Also registered at the website “RCC Cancerstudier i Sverige” as study #86719).
Psychiatric and Systemic Risk Factors for Dry Eye Disease in Adult Korean Population Aged 40 Years or Older: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018 (KNHANES VII)
Authors: Hyon Joon Young , Lee Jae Yeon , Hyon Joon Young , Han Sang Beom
Published: April 2023

Purpose: To evaluate the association between dry eye disease (DED) and various psychiatric and systemic diseases in an adult Korean population aged 40 years or older.
Methods: Population-based cross-sectional data of 6,732 participants aged ≥ 40 years was extracted from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018 (KNHANES VII). Data including DED, demographic variables, behavioral factors, psychiatric conditions, and systemic diseases was analyzed to determine the prevalence and psychiatric and systemic risk factors for DED.
Results: The weighted prevalence of DED was 7.9 ± 0.4% (mean ± SE). Multivariate analysis showed that female sex and urban residence were associated with an increased risk of DED. The prevalence of DED was lower in patients aged ≥70 years than in those aged 40–69 years. Psychological conditions including perceived stress and depression were associated with the risk of DED. Systemic conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative arthritis, osteoporosis, ischemic heart disease, and chronic renal failure had association with an increased risk of DED.
Conclusion: DED may be associated with several psychiatric and systemic conditions, which highlights the need for an integrated approach to manage these diseases for optimal treatment of DED.
Effect of observer’s cultural background and masking condition of target face on facial expression recognition
Authors: Nagata Masahito , Okajima Katsunori
Published: April 2023

Facial expression recognition (FER) is affected by the cultural background of the observers and the evaluation method. Moreover, the perceived emotions depend on the masking condition of the target face. The effect of these conditions on FER has not been explored clearly. To clarify them, we conducted a FER experiment for 17 East Asians. As a result, the most notable differences in the observer’s race and masking condition were responses to "fear." East Asians were more likely to perceive the "fear" perceived by Westerners as “surprise.” Then, the “fear” perceived by East Asians for non-masked faces was perceived as "surprise” for masked faces. Regarding the eye-opening rate of the target faces, Westerners interpreted widely-opening eyes as indicative of "surprise" and "fear" whereas East Asians interpreted this as "surprise." The comparison of the vote rates, accounting for ambiguous responses, revealed that the "sadness" perceived by Westerners was perceived as "disgust" by East Asians. These results suggested that characteristics of FER differed depending on the observer's cultural background and the masking condition of the target face and that these factors should be considered in machine learning-based FER that relies solely on human-judged labels.
Major ions and trace metals in glacial meltwaters nearby Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard
Authors: Shen Zhan , Ye Liping , Zhang Jing , Ma Hongmei , Zhang Ruifeng
Published: April 2023

Ny-Ålesund, located in Arctic Svalbard, is one of the most sensitive areas on Earth under global warming. Accelerated glacier ablation has become remarkable in Ny-Ålesund in recent years. Glacial meltwaters discharge a significant amount of materials to the ocean, affecting downstream ecosystems and adjacent oceans. In August 2015, various water samples were taken near Ny-Ålesund, including proglacial meltwater, supraglacial meltwater, englacial meltwater, and groundwater. Trace metals (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb), major ions, alkalinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, water temperature and electric conductivity were also measured. Major ions were mainly controlled by chemical weathering intensity and reaction types, while trace metals were influenced by both chemical weathering and physicochemical control upon their mobility. Indeed, we found Brøggerbreen was dominated by carbonation of carbonate for carbonate weathering, while Austre Lovénbreen and Pedersonbreen were dominated by sulfide oxidation coupled with carbonate dissolution, with a doubled silicate weathering. The higher enrichment of trace metals in supraglacial meltwater compared to proglacial meltwater suggested anthropogenic pollution from atmospheric deposition. In proglacial meltwater, principal component analysis indicated that trace metals like Cr, Al, Co, Mn and Cd were correlated to chemical weathering. This implies that under the accelerated glacier retreating, glacier derived chemical components are subjected to the future changes in weathering types and intensity.
Identification and validation of hub genes related to immunity of ovarian cancer
Authors: Cong Shanshan , Fu Yao , Zhao Xibo , Guo Qiuyan , Liang Tian , Wu Di , Wang Jing , Zhang Guangmei
Published: April 2023

Background Ovarian cancer (OV) is characteristic of high incidence rate and fatality rate in the malignant tumors of female reproductive system. Researches on pathogenesis and therapeutic targets for OV need to be continued. This study mainly analyzed the immune-related pathogenesis and discovered the key immunotherapy targets for OV.Methods WGCNA was used for excavating hub gene modules and hub genes related to immunity of OV. Enrichment Analysis were aimed to analyze the related pathways of hub gene modules. Biological experiments were used for exploring the effect of hub genes on SKOV3 cells.Results We identified two hub gene modules related to the immunoscore of OV and found that these genes in the modules were related to the extracellular matrix and viral infections. At the same time, we also discovered six hub genes related to the immunity of OV. Among them, KIF26B and CREB3L1 can affect the proliferation, migration and invasion of SKOV3 cells by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Conclusions The local infection or inflammation of ovarian may affect the immunity of OV. KIF26B and CREB3L1 are expected to be potential targets for the immunotherapy of OV.
Effects of smashing ridge tillage and spring irrigation combination treatment on water, salinity and cotton yield in drip irrigation cotton fields
Authors: Xue Bao , Liu Hongguang , Tang Hua , Tian Rumeng , Gong Ping , Wang Tangang , Li Pengfei , Li Ling , Yang Changkun
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims Soil salinization in Xinjiang seriously restricts the growth of cotton. In recent years, smashing ridge tillage technology has been introduced into saline-alkali land management. However, the effects of different smashing ridge tillage depths and spring irrigation amounts on soil water and salt and cotton yield are not clear.
Methods This study was conducted in Tumushuk, Xinjiang, through a two-year field experiment (2021 and 2022), to analyze the effects of smashing ridge tillage depth (F1: 40, F2: 60 and F3: 80 cm) and spring irrigation amount (W1: 2400, W2: 3000 and W3: 3600 m3/ha) on saline cotton fields, the optimal smashing ridge tillage depth and spring irrigation amount zone were determined by the multi-objective optimization method.
Results The results reveal the ability of the smashing ridge tillage and spring irrigation combination treatment to significantly increase soil moisture (P<0.01) and reduce soil salinity (P<0.01), and altered of salinization degree from severe to moderate and mild. Moreover, the soil salt ions (Na+, Cl-, SO42- and Ca2+) were effectively leached, and the soil hydrochemical species gradually changed from SO42-—Ca2+·Na+ to SO42-·HCO3-—Ca2+. The emergence rate and cotton yield significantly increased following the application of smashing ridge tillage and spring irrigation (P<0.05), the average yield was maximized under the W2F2 treatment (6025 kg/ha) in two years. The yield, economic benefit, water productivity and salt leaching efficiency were maximized at the spring irrigation amount of 2862-2923 m3/ha and smashing ridge tillage depth of 71-73 cm. The results of this study provide scientific basis and technical guidance for the improvement of saline-alkali land in southern Xinjiang.
Development and application of a home-based exercise program for patients with left ventricular dysfunction: A pilot study
Authors: Lee Mi Kyung , Lee Chan Joo , Goo Seon Young , Lee Tae Ho , Moon Jin Young , Jung Jiyoung , Kim Min Jung , Shin Sang Hee , Kim Jong Nam , Han Sung Nim , Lee Jung Eun , Lee Jong Young , Chung Ick-Mo , Jeon Justin Y.
Published: April 2023

Background Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is recommended for patients with cardiovascular disease. However, the participation and completion rates for hospital-based CR are low, and home-based CR has been suggested as an alternative. This study aimed to develop a home-based CR program and assess its feasibility over a 6-week period in patients with left ventricular dysfunction or a history of myocardial infarction (MI).Methods The study consisted of two parts: Pilot Study 1 focused on developing an exercise protocol, while Study 2 aimed to assess the feasibility of a 6-week home-based CR program. Eight patients participated in Study 1 and 16 participated in Study 2. The home-based CR exercise program in Study 2 was developed based on the results of Study 1 and included two exercise education sessions and four telephone counseling sessions.Results Participants expressed overall satisfaction with the exercise program in Study 1. Heart rate increased in response to exercise, but this did not correspond with perceived exertion. In Study 2, 13 out of 16 participants (81.3%) completed the 6-week home-based CR program, with a participation rate of 100% in both exercise education and phone counseling sessions. Adherence to the exercise protocol was 83.1% and no serious adverse events were observed. At the beginning of the study, only three out of 13 participants (23.1%) met the requirements for both aerobic and resistance exercises, but at the end of the 6-week program, 10 out of 13 participants (76.9%) fulfilled the requirements.Conclusion The exercise program developed in this study was safe and feasible, and the 6-week home-based CR program was feasible and effective in increasing the physical activity levels of patients with left ventricular dysfunction without any reported adverse effects.
Relationship between Cardiovascular Risk and ADLs' Disability among Middle-aged and Older Adults in China: Evidence from a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Zhao Yihao , Chen Chen , Wu Yu , Shao Ruitai , Zheng Xiaoying
Published: April 2023

Backgrounds: The effect of FGCRS on disability will not be immediate and may have a lag time between the experienced cardiovascular risk and the ultimate health outcome. However, how this effect changes over time is not known. Based on data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we aimed to investigate the association between cardiovascular risk and activities of daily living disability among Chinese middle-aged and older adults and to examine the lag effect of cardiovascular risk on individual ADLs’ disability.
Methods: Means ± standard deviation were used to describe continuous variables and numbers (percentages) to categorical variables. Logistic regression analysis and a distributed-lag model were used to estimate the correlations and lag effect between FGCRS and ADLs disability (BADL and IADL). All statistical analyses were performed using STATA 17.0, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: In 2018, Out of 6,123 participants, 23.54% reported at least one difficulty in basic activities of daily living and 28.04% had at least one difficulty in instrumental activities of daily living. After adjusting for all the covariates, a positive correlation was identified between FGCRS and ADL disability (BADL: OR = 1.023, IADL: OR = 1.028), and the correlation varied by age, gender, living regions, and income. In the longitudinal research, baseline CVD risk was significantly associated with the risk of ADL disability in 2 to 7 years.
Conclusions: Elevated cardiovascular risk was significantly associated with subsequent functional limitations in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.
Intractable hiccups after VNS implantation: A case report
Authors: Recio Susan Zhang , Abdennadher Myriam
Published: April 2023

Background Hiccups (medically termed, “singultus”), when intractable, can cause significant medical consequences such as aspiration, malnutrition, and depression, leading to poor quality of life. Several case reports have shown that vagus nerve stimulator (VNS) implantation can help treat central idiopathic intractable hiccups. However, we present a contrary case of a patient who developed intractable singultus following VNS placement for medically refractory epilepsy.Case presentation We report a 71-year-old male patient with drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent VNS implantation and developed intractable hiccups shortly thereafter. The hiccups were severe and persistent, such that the patient developed a Mallory-Weiss tear, requiring intensive care, invasive intubation and mechanical ventilation, and a prolonged rehabilitation course. Despite multiple therapies including phrenic nerve block and Nissen fundoplication, the patient’s hiccups persisted and only stopped once the VNS was permanently deactivated.Conclusions To the best knowledge of these authors, this is the first case of hiccups as a direct consequence of VNS implantation that has been reported in the literature. The clinical impact of this report is significant given the relative unfamiliarity of hiccups as an adverse effect of VNS implantation. Neurologists and epileptologists, who present VNS implantation as a surgical option for seizure control to their patients, should be aware of the possibility of singultus development and its significant physical and emotional ramifications.
Enhanced Cultivation of Chicken Primordial Germ Cells: A Comparison of Enriched and Defined Media
Authors: Dehdilani Nima , Taemeh Sara Yousefi , Rival-Gervier Sylvie , Montillet Guillaume , Kress Clémence , Christian Jean , Goshayeshi Lena , Dehghani Hesam , Pain Bertrand
Published: April 2023

Background The cultivation and expansion of chicken primordial germ cells (cPGCs) is of critical importance for both biotechnological applications and the management of poultry genetic biodiversity. The feeder-free culture system has become the most popular approach for the cultivation and expansion of chicken primordial germ cells. However, despite some success in the cultivation of PGCs, the reproducibility of culture conditions across different laboratories remains a challenge. This study aimed to compare two defined and enriched media for the growth of cPGCs originating from the Hubbard JA57 broiler.Methods To this end, cPGCs were isolated from the embryonic blood of 14–16 Hamburger–Hamilton (HH) stages and cultured at various time points. The Growth properties and characteristics of these cells were evaluated in two different culture conditions and their migratory properties were assessed after genetic engineering and injection into the vasculature of 2.5-day-old chicken embryos.Results The main finding of this study was that the use of an enriched medium resulted in improved growth properties of PGCs compared to a defined medium.Conclusions The ability to cultivate and expand cPGCs is crucial for various key approaches and a robust supportive medium can help to accelerate the generation of both genetically engineered birds in avain transgenesis approach and breeds of interest from local or commercial origins. Therefore, these results highlight the importance of choosing an appropriate culture medium for cPGC growth and expansion.
Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Iranian infertile men and its association with semen quality
Authors: Niakan Sarah , Faghihloo Ebrahim , Mofarahe Zahra Shams , Novin Marefat Ghaffari , Raee Pourya , Karimi Maryam , Nazarian Hamid
Published: April 2023

Background: The present article aims to elucidate the prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and possible association between HPV infection and semen parameters in infertile Iranian men.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included semen samples from 140 male partners in couples seeking fertility evaluation. Standard semen analysis was performed. In addition, sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI), sperm chromatin maturation, presence of anti-sperm antibodies, leukocyte count, and Fructose and Zinc concentration were also assessed. Nested PCR and INNO-LiPA assay were used to identify HPV-DNA sequences in semen samples and determine HPV genotype, respectively.
Results: HPV DNA was detected in 18/140 (12.85%) of the semen samples (10% high-risk (HR), 2.14% low-risk (LR) genotypes, and one sample was excluded). Our findings revealed that HPV18 was the most prevalent type (8.57%). According to our result, the presence of HPV DNA in the semen samples was associated with a higher white blood cell count (leukocytospermia) (P=0.02). We also observed that LR HPV-positive semen samples were associated with higher DFI values (P = 0.01).
Conclusion: This study showed that the presence of HPV in semen samples was associated with leukocytospermia. We also observed that the presence of low-risk genotypes in semen samples was associated with higher sperm DFI values. These results point to the importance of careful screening for the presence of HPV in semen samples from infertile men. It should also be noted that more studies are required to have a more comprehensive view of the relationship between HPV infection and semen quality.
The Cavitation Characteristics of Aerospace High-Speed Centrifugal Pumps with Different Tip Clearance
Authors: CHAO Wen-xiong , WANG Wang-cheng , ZHANG Wei , BAI Gao-yang , DONG Wei
Published: April 2023

This study investigates the Tip Clearance Cavitation (TCC) characteristics of three different Tip Clearances (TC) ,The values of TC are 0.4mm, 0.6mm, and 0.8mm respectively, and five inlet negative pressure conditions Pj=(-20-60)kPa to improve the reliability of the aerospace high-speed centrifugal pump during in-orbit operation, based on the premise of good agreement between the TC 0.6 test curve and the simulation performance curve. Under negative pressure and high-speed conditions, the variation gradient of cavitation characteristics with various inlet negative pressures is non-linear and has a sudden change, but the trend becomes stable after the inlet negative pressure drops to a certain stage. The tip clearance cavitation characteristics vary from the blade surface cavitation characteristics due to the difference in forces on both sides. This study is a good starting point for the design of aerospace power pumps.
Fast jet stream winds get faster under climate change
Authors: Shaw Tiffany , Miyawaki Osamu
Published: April 2023

Earth’s upper-level jet streams influence the speed and direction of travel of weather systems [1–3] and commercial aircraft [4]. The fastest jet stream winds are also linked to severe weather occurrence [5–7]. Climate change is known to accelerate the average speed of the jet stream [8, 9]. However, little is known about how the fastest jet stream winds will change. Here we show fast jet stream winds get faster under climate change using daily data from climate model projections across a hierarchy of physical complexity. The fastest winds also increase substantially more than the average winds. We show the fast get faster response follows from the moist get moister response under climate change. Climate models project the signal will emerge in both hemispheres by 2045. The results show moist thermodynamics can explain projected future changes in commercial flight times and clear-air turbulence, including a potential increase in severe weather occurrence under climate change.
Promoting the Proliferation of Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes by Resolvin D1 Regulating NLRP3/caspase-1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Xiaoying , Yang Mingfeng , Yu Guanghui , Qi Jianhong , Jia Qingwei , Liu Shuai , Jiang Wenjun , Su Siwei , Chi Zhiwei , Wang Ruonan , Liu Minghan , Song Hongqiang
Published: April 2023

BackgroundResolvin D1 could reduce the inflammatory, catabolic response of OA chondrocyte, and promote the repair of various tissues.Our goal was to explore whether RvD1 could inhibit NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathway, slow down the occurrence of pyroptosis of OA chondrocytes, and then promote the proliferation of OA chondrocytes and repair of articular cartilage.MethodsAnimal care and use protocols comply with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.After the rat osteoarthritis model was established, RvD1 was injected and a control group trial was set up, Joint specimens were then collected.The micro-CT system was used to determine the acquisition of a 3D model of the rat knee joint. Chondrocytes were stained with toluidine blue, Then the cover slip was examined under a light microscope. EDU was used to detect the proliferation of chondrocytes.Western Blot,RT-qPCR and Immunofluorescence was used to detect markers in experiments.ResultsCompared with the control group, RvD1 can promote OA chondrocytes multiplication and inhibit chondrocytes pyrosis by regulating the cell cycle.Belnacasan is a specific inhibitor of caspase-1, Treatment of OA chondrocytes with Belnacasan and RvD1 showed that Belnacasan could specifically inhibit the conduction of pyroptosis pathway induced by caspase-1, and the synergistic inhibitory effect with RvD1 was more significant.ConclusionRvD1 promotes the proliferation of OA chondrocytes by inhibiting the expression of caspase-1 to regulate NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling − 8 pathway. At the same time, RvD1 promoted the repair of articular cartilage and retarded the progression of OA in rats.
A Review of Calibration Strategies for Microscopic Parameters in Discrete Element Method
Authors: Liu Xianyang , Wang Qunwei , Wang Yongwei , Dong Qinxi
Published: April 2023

Discrete element method (DEM) offers a distinct advantage in addressing fracture problems due to its exemption from partial differential equations. However, the governing equations of DEM incorporate microscopic parameters that cannot be accessed via experimental methods. Parameter calibration represents the most prevalent technique currently utilized to obtain the required microscopic parameters for DEM. This article initially introduces the development history of DEM calibration, then elaborates on the governing equations of DEM and the microscopic parameters required for calibration. Next, the principles of classical DEM calibration methods are explicated in detail, alongside the validation and discussion of their properties. Lastly, this study investigates the model dependence of DEM and presents guidance for the calibration application of large-scale simulations.
Clinical Outcome Assessment of Invisalign and Other Fixed Appliances: A Systematic Review
Authors: DOGRA VANEET , NEGI KS , NEGI NISHANT , CHAINTA DIMPLE
Published: April 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Abnormal neonatal brain microstructure in gestational diabetes mellitus revealed by MRI texture analysis
Authors: Feng Zhi , Zheng Yurong , Wang Ping , Xue Liang , Yu Mingling , Deng Zhitao , Lei Xiaoping , Chen Guangxiang
Published: April 2023

To investigate the value of MRI texture analysis in evaluating the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on neonatal brain microstructure development, we retrospectively collected images of neonates undergoing head MRI scans, including GDM group (N1 =37) and healthy control group (N2 =34). MaZda texture analysis software was used to extract the texture features from different sequences images and perform dimensionality reduction, and then the texture features extracted by the lowest misjudgement rate method were imported into SPSS software for statistical analysis. In our study, we found that GDM affects the development of the microstructure of the neonatal brain, and different combinations of texture features have different recognition performance, such as different sequences, different brain regions, etc. As a consequence, texture analysis combining multiple conventional MRI sequences has a high recognition performance in revealing the abnormal development of the brain microstructure of neonates born of mothers with GDM.
Glycoprotein 1b (GP1b) protein, miR-26a-5p levels and platelet function in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ayaz Gülsel , Sordu Pelin , Hanağası Haşmet , Alaylıoğlu Merve , Gürvit Hakan , Ak Duygu Gezen , Bilgiç Başar , Dursun Erdinç , Ulutin Turgut
Published: April 2023

Background Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive complex neurodegenerative disorder clinical characterized by demolishing cognitive functions and behavioral abilities. Until recently, molecular mechanisms of AD have not been clarified yet. Alterations in biochemical and molecular pathways in patients suffering from AD may not only emerge in the brain but also could affect blood cells and vessels. Platelets are the blood cells that have a crucial function in the regulation of hemostasis and also play an important role in pathophysiological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.Methods In the current study, analyzed platelet function by optical density in 43 AD patients and 45 controls. White-Matter changes evaluated by MRI Axial FLAIR images (Fazekas scale). We measured the serum levels of vWF and GP1b proteins by ELISA and hsa-miR-26a-5p and hsa-mir24-3p by qRT-PCR analysis.Results ADP-induced platelet aggregation decreased in AD (p = 0.016). We evaluated aspirin (ASA) usage and detected that AD patients free of ASA have a significantly higher platelet function. Serum GP1b levels are a significant increase in AD (p = 0.018). The relative expression levels of hsa-miR-26a-5p are significantly low in AD (p = 0.001). A positive significant correlation was found between the relative expression values of hsa-miR-24-3p and hsa-miR-26a-5p in both control groups and AD ( p = 0.0051, r = 0.4149, 95% CI = 0.1256–0.6392; p = 0.0023, r = 0.6820, 95% CI 0.4728–0.8184)Conclusion The present study implicates that increased expression of serum GP1b and decreased relative expression levels of hsa-miR-26a-5p in AD. As a conclusion, we suggest that GP1b and hsa-miR-26a-5p essential roles of platelet function in AD.
Effects of Listening to Music on Postural Balance in Middle-Aged Women
Authors: Waer Fatma Ben , Sahli Sonia , Alexe Cristina Ioana , Man Maria Cristina , Alexe Dan Iulian , Burchel Lucian Ovidiu
Published: April 2023

Background The current study aimed to investigate the effect of music on both static, under different sensory manipulation, and dynamic balance in middle-aged women.Methods Twenty-four healthy women aged between 50 and 55 years (52.5 ± 2.7years; height: 1.56 ± 0.8m; weight: 78.3 ± 6.5kg) participated in this study. A stabilometric platform was used to assess their static balance by recording the mean center of pressure velocity (CoPVm) during bipedal standing with eyes open (OE) and closed (CE) on firm and foam surfaces under two auditory conditions (no music, listening to Mozart's Jupiter). The timed up and go test (TUGT) was used to assess their dynamic balance.Results Our results showed that listening to Mozart’s Jupiter significantly decreased the CoPVm values in different sensory manipulation conditions [firm surface/ EO: (p < 0.01; 95% CI: 0.27 to 2.22); firm surface/ EC: (p < 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02 to 1.97); foam surface/ EC: (p < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.48 to 2.44)], except for the foam surface/EO condition. The TUGT scores were also significantly (p < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.72) decreased while listing to Mozart’s symphony compared to no music condition.Conclusion We concluded that listening to Mozart’s symphony improved postural performance in healthy middle-aged women, even in challenged postural conditions. These enhancements could offer great potential for everyday functioning.
Skeletal and dentoalveolar changes after total maxillary arch distalization using the casted palatal plate vs. buccal miniscrews: A Randomized clinical trial.
Authors: Raghis Tuqa Rashad , Alsulaiman Tareq Mosleh Alfrih , Mahmoud Ghiath , Youssef Mohamed
Published: April 2023

Objectives: To evaluate the skeletal, dento-alveolar and soft tissue changes after skeletally anchored total maxillary arch distalization using the casted palatal plate in comparison with buccal miniscrews.
Materials & Methods: 40 adult patients (33 females and 7 males, average age 20 ± 3.1 years) with distal molar and canine relationships were treated with total maxillary arch distalization. Patients were divided according to the direct skeletal anchorage method into two equal groups; in the first group; 20 patients the casted palatal plate was used, while in the second group; 20 patients buccal miniscrews were inserted.
A total of 35 variables were measured on pre- and post-distalization lateral cephalograms. Paired t-tests were used to evaluate the differences between pre- and post-distalization in each group, and independent t-tests were used to compare treatment changes between the two groups.
Results: A significant distalization combined with intrusion and distal tipping of the maxillary first molar were observed in the plate group (4.33 mm, 1.85 mm and 3.10°, respectively). While the miniscrews group showed less amount of distalization with non-significant intrusion and distal tipping (1.88 mm, 0.8 mm and 2°, respectively). The plate group showed more decrease of SNA, ANB, B-angles and Wits-distance.
There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding sagittal, vertical and angular changes of the maxillary incisors as well as soft tissue changes.
Conclusions: Both of the casted palatal plate and buccal miniscrews might be viable as anchorage devices for total maxillary arch distalization during the treatment of Class II malocclusion patients. However, the casted plate may be considered more effective in either retraction or vertical control.
Clinical relevance: Skeletally anchored maxillary total arch distalization could be an effective treatment procedure for Class II malocclusion.
Temporal and disease-site specific transcriptional and phenotypic changes in response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in high-grade serous ovarian cancers
Authors: Saha Sweta Sharma , Gentles Lucy , Howarth Rachel , Rundle Stuart , Ralte Angela , O'Donnell Rachel , Curtin Nicola , Drew Yvette
Published: April 2023

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has been known to induce genomic and transcriptomic alterations within tumours. Here, using transcriptome profiling along with histological analysis of pre and post NACT, we show temporal and disease site-specific differences (omentum, ovary and other sites) in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and their association with progression free and overall survival. We observed a significant reduction in genome instability signature score following NACT irrespective of disease site, which correlated with homologous recombination repair (HRR) function measured by RAD51 foci formation. However, increase in immuno-oncology and inflammation signatures was only observed in the omentum and not in the ovary post-NACT. DNA damage immune response (DDIR) along with HRR function were strongly associated with CD8+ T-cell infiltration within tumours. Our study provides transcriptomic and phenotypic data highlighting the heterogeneity in HGSOCs during the course of treatment and indicating how the tumour evolves in response to NACT.
Investigation of biomarker-based follow-up of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer based on the latest protocol from the European Society of Cardiology guideline on cardio-oncology
Authors: Ko Seien , Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Katsumata Yoshinori , Hayashida Tetsu , Hiraide Takahiro , Kitakata Hiroki , Tsuruta Hikaru , Takahashi Maiko , Seki Tomoko , Nagayama Aiko , Kitagawa Yuko , Itabashi Yuji , Kataoka Masaharu
Published: April 2023

Background Anthracyclines are commonly used for the treatment of solid tumors and hematological malignancies because of their inevitable dose-dependent cardiotoxic effects. The study aimed to assess the feasibility of applying a biomarker-based surveillance strategy according to European guidelines for the early prediction of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer.Methods From April 2018 to December 2021, 45 women with breast cancer (53.9 ± 11.0 years) treated with anthracycline-based regimens were evaluated for 1 year. We measured and analyzed high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hsTnT), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), global longitudinal strain (GLS), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at baseline, and 3 and 6 months after the initiation of anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Cardiotoxicity was defined as a reduction in LVEF > 10% compared with baseline to LVEF < 53%, or a decline in GLS > 15% from baseline.Results After initiating anthracycline treatment, hsTnT levels peaked at 3 months, whereas BNP levels were the highest at 6 months. Cardiotoxicity was detected in 18 (20.0%) patients (one patient with LVEF decline), where GLS declined over time yet became significant only after 6 months. Elevated hsTnT at 3 months were significantly associated with a GLS decline at 6 months (P < 0.001, Youden index 0.009 g/mL increase from baseline; sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 80.5%, respectively). In contrast, changes in BNP were not associated with changes in LVEF or GLS. No symptomatic heart failure occurred within 1 year of chemotherapy.Conclusions Among patients with early-stage breast cancer, an increase in hsTnT at 3 months after initiation of the anthracycline-based regimen predicted a subsequent decline in GLS with high sensitivity and moderate specificity.
Complete genomes and comparative analyses of Streptomyces phages that influence secondary metabolism and sporulation
Authors: Kronheim Sarah , Solomon Ethan , Ho Louis , Glossop Michelle , Davidson Alan R. , Maxwell Karen L.
Published: April 2023

Bacteria in the genus Streptomyces are found ubiquitously in nature and are known for the number and diversity of specialized metabolites they produce, as well as their complex developmental lifecycle. Studies of the viruses that prey on Streptomyces, known as phages, have aided the development of tools for genetic manipulation of these bacteria, as well as contributing to a deeper understanding of Streptomyces and their behaviours in the environment. Here, we present the genomic and biological characterization of twelve Streptomyces phages. Genome analyses reveal that these phages are closely related genetically, while experimental approaches show that they have broad overlapping host ranges, infect early in the Streptomyces lifecycle, and induce secondary metabolite production and sporulation in some Streptomyces species. This work expands the group of characterized Streptomyces phages and improves our understanding of Streptomyces phage-host dynamics.
Evaluation of enamel surface roughness after orthodontic debonding and adhesive resin removal using Zirconia Burs, Tungsten Carbide Burs, and White Stone Burs: an in vitro comparative study
Authors: Thawaba Ahmed A. , Albelasy Nehal F. , Elsherbini Amira M. , Hafez Ahmad M.
Published: April 2023

Background The main goal of orthodontic debonding is to restore the enamel surface as closely as possible to its pretreatment condition without causing severe iatrogenic damage. This study aimed to compare the effects of different adhesive removal burs; zirconia burs, tungsten carbide burs, and white stone burs on enamel surface roughness.Materials and Methods Total sample of 72 extracted premolars was randomly divided into three equal groups (n = 24) depending on the method of adhesive removal: zirconia burs (ZB); tungsten carbide burs (TC); and white stones (WS). Before bonding, the initial surface roughness (Ra) at T0 was evaluated using a profilometer and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The metal brackets were bonded and debonded after 24 hours using a debonding plier, then the adhesive remnants were removed using the different burs. The second Ra at T1 was evaluated and the time consumed for adhesive removal was recorded in seconds. Final polishing was performed using Sof-lex discs and Sof-lex spirals, then the third Ra evaluation at T2 was performed.Results All resin removal techniques significantly increased surface roughness compared to the baseline in all groups. Ra values and SEM images concluded that the lowest surface roughness was observed in the ZB group, followed by the TC group, and WS group. Although the fastest procedure was performed with WS, followed by ZB, then TC. After polishing the Ra values significantly decreased in all groups.Conclusion zirconia burs were comparable to tungsten carbide burs and can be considered alternatives to white stones which caused severe enamel damage. The polishing step created smoother surfaces regardless of the burs used for resin removal.
Association between Child Loss and Parental Depression Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China
Authors: Zhang Hangkong , Jiang Wenqi , Yang Lei
Published: April 2023

Objectives: This study aims to examine the relationship between child loss and depression among middle-aged and older adults in China and whether this relationship changes over time.
Methods:Data were derived from the four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2018). Depressive symptoms were measured repeatedly using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10). Child loss included the bereavement experience, number, sex, and duration. Multilevel linear regression modelling was used.
Results:CES-D-10 scores were 1.04 higher among parents who lost their children. In contrast to parents with only deceased daughters, parents with only deceased sons or both deceased sons and daughters scored 0.67 or 1.28 higher, respectively. However, the number of deceased children was not associated with depression. the depression level gradually decreased with time and significantly higher among those who lost their children within one year to four years but this association was not significant after four years.
Discussion:Child loss was associated with long-term depression among parents. However, these associations were heterogeneous for specific bereavement types. Efforts should be made to strengthen the psychological care to bereaved middle-aged and older adults.