bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Early History of Psychoanalysis in San Francisco
Authors: Benveniste Daniel
Published: April 2008

The early history of psychoanalysis in San Francisco begins in 1918 and ends in 1953. During those 35 years the San Francisco Bay Area witnessed the awakening of interest in psychoanalysis, the arrival of the European émigré analysts and the emergence of individuals and groups engaging in extraordinarily creative work and doing so in an ecumenical spirit and with a social commitment.This article provides an overview of this illustrious history and the people who participated in it.
The Naked Mother or, Why Freud Did Not Write About Railway Accidents
Authors: Brunner José
Published: April 2008

This paper examines Freud's approach to technology from two interrelated perspectives. First it discusses the way his theory presents technology solely in positive terms, as an instrument that expands human power over nature almost infinitely. Here the goal is to underscore a limitation of Freud's way of thinking about human creations, which comes to the fore in his somewhat myopic enthusiasm for technology. Then the essay elaborates on a void in Freud's writings, examining why he did not refer to railway accidents in his discussion of technology. It concludes with a choice of three possible answers: (a) that his theories allowed no conceptual room for accidents, (b) that his silence on accidents was conditioned by the emergence of his oedipal desire on the occasion of a railway journey from Leipzig to Vienna, (c) that his silence was caused by a fear of accidents that threatened to overwhelm him.
Psychoanalysis eats its own: or, the Heretical Saint Roazen
Authors: Dufresne Todd
Published: April 2008

The author attempts a ‘Roazenesque’ interpretation of Paul Roazen's life and work, and situates his career vis-à-vis that of other revisionist critics of Freud. To these ends, the essay charts the highs and lows of Roazen's long career as a biographer-historian of psychoanalysis. His career is divided into four phases, the first of which is arguably the most important. It was also the most controversial, producing classic books on Victor Tausk and on Freud's followers. Roazen's later work fares less well, even undermining his standing among scholars. If there is a commonality to the work of all four phases, it is Roazen's fairly constant recourse to interviews he conducted in the mid-1960s with many people intimate with Freud. On the good side, these interviews provided him unique access to details about Freud's everyday life and practice. Roazen thus became known as the historian of the arcane detail. On the bad side, Roazen came to rely too heavily on these interviews and on his own singular role as interviewer. As a result his work became increasingly self-regarding and nostalgic, and thus less original, interesting, or discerning. His legacy is therefore mixed, although secure enough that future scholars will not easily ignore his contribution in a handful of good books.
A Neolithic Structure and Bronze Age Activity at West Flank Road, Drumchapel, Glasgow
Authors: Macgregor Gavin , Cullen Irene , Alldritt Diane , Donnelly Michael , Miller Jennifer , Squair Robert
Published: April 2008

Summary

A programme of archaeological work was undertaken by Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division (GUARD) at West Flank Road, Drumchapel, in close proximity to the site of the prehistoric cemetery of Knappers. This paper considers the results of excavation of a range of negative features, including earlier Neolithic and Bronze Age pits and postholes. The earlier Neolithic features date to c. 3500–3000 BC and are interpreted as the partial remains of a subrectangular structure. The Bronze Age features may relate to ceremonial activities in the wider area. The significance of these remains is considered in relation to the site of Knappers and wider traditions during the fourth to second millennia BC.
Excavation of an Early Historic Palisaded Enclosure at Titwood, Mearnskirk, East Renfrewshire
Authors: Johnson Melanie , Rees Alastair , Ralston Ian , Ballin T. , Cressey M. , Hastie M. , Thoms J. , Verrill L.
Published: April 2008

Summary

A palisaded enclosure and associated features were excavated by CFA Archaeology Ltd (CFA) in advance of the construction of the proposed Glasgow Southern Orbital Road. Radiocarbon dates indicate that the palisade and at least some of the internal features date to the Early Historic period, between the 8th and 10th centuries cal. AD. The Titwood palisade is currently the only site of this date to have been excavated in western mainland Scotland, as well as being one of the few known Early Historic palisaded sites in Scotland. Evidence of Neolithic activity on the site was also established. The work was commissioned by ASH Consulting Group on behalf of East Renfrewshire Council.
Distinguishability, Information and Useful Energies
Authors: Lin Shu-Kun
Published: April 2008

As a scientist with a long-standing research interest in thermodynamics, information theory and diversity preservation, I would like to start publishing the journal Energies (ISSN 1996-1073).[...]
Differentiation and Characterization of T Cells
Authors: Robertson Paul , Scadden David T.
Published: April 2008

This paper outlines current standard methods of inducing T lymphopoiesis in vitro and in vivo. Reference is made to both murine and human systems. In addition to differentiation assays, methods to optimally characterize output cells are discussed. In bringing together a number of existing protocols, many techniques important in investigating T cell development can be reviewed in one place.
Electropolymerization kinetics of a binary mixture of pyrrole and o‐aminobenzoic acid and characterization of the obtained polymer films
Authors: Sayyah S. M. , El‐Rabiey M. M. , Abd El‐Rehim S. S. , Azooz R. E.
Published: April 2008

Poly (pyrrol‐co‐o‐aminobenzoic acid) has been synthesized electrochemically from an aqueous acid medium. The initial rate of electrocopolymerization reaction on platinum electrode is small and the rate law is: Rate = K2 [D]1.02[HCl] 1.44[M]2.00. The apparent activation energy (Ea) is found to be 90.11 kJ mol−1. The polymer films obtained have been characterized by cyclic voltammetry, X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, 1H NMR, and IR‐spectroscopy. The mechanism of the electrochemical polymerization reaction has been discussed. The monomer reactivity ratios (r1 and r2) were calculated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Characterization of polymer‐brush‐type polysaccharide β‐ketoesters
Authors: Yoshida Yutaka , Isogai Akira
Published: April 2008

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and four glucans, cellulose, curdlan, amylase, and pullulan, were dissolved in 8% lithium chloride/1,3‐dimethyl‐2‐imidazolodinone, and reacted with ketene dimers with long alkyl or alkenyl chains under homogeneous conditions. The corresponding polysaccharide β‐ketoesters with degrees of substitution (DS) of 2.1–2.9 and the PVA β‐ketoester with DS 0.9 were prepared in the yields of 80–90%. Solution‐state 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectra of the polysaccharide and PVA β‐ketoesters revealed that the polymer chains behaved like solid even in solutions. However, size‐exclusion chromatographic analysis showed that the polysaccharide and PVA β‐ketoesters prepared had random‐coil conformations in tetrahydrofuran, which could not explain the anomalous NMR patterns. The specific chemical structures of the substituents having long and branched alkyl or alkenyl chains may have brought about such specific solution‐state NMR patterns, irrespective of the chemical structures of the polymer backbones. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Investigation of sorption and diffusion of supercritical carbon dioxide in polycarbonate
Authors: Zhao J. J. , Zhao Y. P. , Yang B.
Published: April 2008

Sorption and desorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) in polycarbonate (PC) with different dimensions were systematically investigated at temperatures of 40, 60, and 80°C; pressures ranged from 7 to 20 MPa; and soaking time ranged from 0.5 to 4 h. The experimental data were analyzed by a mass‐loss analysis. With the assumption of Fickian diffusion, the sorption amount and the sorption diffusivities (Ds) under supercritical conditions, and desorption diffusivities (Dd) under ambient temperature and pressure were determined. The crossover of the sorption isotherms was presented, which indicated that the change of mass transfer mechanism had occurred. It was found that Ds increased with temperature, whereas Dd showed a contrary trend. Moreover, the linear relationship between sorption amount and specific surface area was also observed, which suggested that the specific surface area was one of the important factors on the sorption amount for thick samples in swelling process. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Completion of premaintenance phases in total therapies 2 and 3 improves clinical outcomes in multiple myeloma
Authors: Barlogie Bart , Haessler Jeff , Pineda‐Roman Mauricio , Anaissie Elias , van Rhee Frits , Kiwan Elias , Steward Douglas , Gurley Jennifer , Jenkins Bonnie , Crowley John
Published: April 2008

BACKGROUND.

Total Therapy (TT) programs are complex and their execution over the course of several years is fraught with patient attrition due to failure and toxicity of therapy and patient/physician acceptance.

METHODS.

The impact of completion versus noncompletion of intended treatment steps was examined in protocols TT2 (n = 668) and TT3 (n = 303) on overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS).

RESULTS.

By using appropriate landmarks of 36 months with TT2 and 18 months with TT3, representing the maxima to completion of premaintenance phases, postconsolidation OS was superior for 211 patients completing versus 311 patients not completing premaintenance steps on TT2 (P= .001), which also pertained to the 161 patients completing versus 47 not completing intended treatment steps on TT3 (P= .01). On multivariate analysis that included all patients, completion of therapy independently favored longer OS and EFS in the context of both standard prognostic factors and gene expression profiling‐defined risk; in addition, TT3 prolonged EFS over results obtained with TT2.

CONCLUSIONS.

1) Completion of intended therapy was a significant independent variable conferring superior OS and EFS in TT programs; and 2) after adjusting for completion of therapy, EFS was still superior with TT3 versus TT2, supporting the beneficial role of bortezomib included in TT3. Collectively, these data point to the importance of designing clinical trials that balance the treatment requirements for disease control with host acceptance and tolerance. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Diagnosing eating disorders in adolescents: A comparison of the eating disorder examination and the development and well‐being assessment
Authors: House Jennifer , Eisler Ivan , Simic Mima , Micali Nadia
Published: April 2008

Objective:

To compare the diagnostic properties of the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) and the online version of the Development and Well‐Being Assessment (DAWBA).

Method:

Fifty‐Seven adolescents (mean age 15.7 years) who attended consecutive assessments at a specialist eating disorders clinic completed the DAWBA, the EDE, and a standard clinical assessment with a multidisciplinary team. Cohen's Kappas were used to make pairwise comparisons between the diagnoses generated by the three assessments.

Results:

Participants had anorexia nervosa (n = 30), eating disorders NOS (n = 21) or no eating disorder (n = 6) according to the clinical diagnosis. Agreement between the clinical and DAWBA diagnoses was moderate (κ = 0.59), agreement between the DAWBA and EDE diagnoses was fair (κ = 0.21), and agreement between the clinical and EDE diagnoses was poor (κ = 0.10). The EDE did not identify an eating disorder in 20 participants (35% of the sample) who were clinically assessed as cases.

Conclusion:

Computerized measures using multiple informants may be more suitable for assessing clinical samples of adolescents with anorexia nervosa or eating disorders NOS than individual interviews with young people. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Memantine in the treatment of binge eating disorder: An open‐label, prospective trial
Authors: Brennan Brian P. , Roberts Jacqueline L. , Fogarty Kate V. , Reynolds Karina A. , Jonas Jeffrey M. , Hudson James I.
Published: April 2008

Objective:

To assess preliminarily the efficacy of memantine in binge eating disorder.

Method:

This was an open‐label, 12‐week, flexible‐dose (5–20 mg/day) trial of memantine in binge eating disorder. The primary outcome was frequency of binge days. Secondary outcomes included frequency of binge episodes, body‐mass index (BMI), weight, Clinical Global Impressions Severity (CGI‐S), Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM‐A), and Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). Longitudinal random regression analysis was performed for frequency of binge days and episodes, BMI, weight, and CGI‐S; analysis of baseline to endpoint change was performed for all outcomes.

Results:

Sixteen individuals received memantine; 15 completed at least one postbaseline evaluation, 9 completed the study. Mean dose at endpoint was 18.3 mg/day. Memantine was associated with significant reductions in frequency of binge days and episodes, severity of illness (p < .001 for both analyses), disinhibition on the TFEQ (p = .015), and disability on the SDS (p < .05 for three subscales). There was no significant change in BMI, weight, MADRS, HAM‐A, and TFEQ cognitive restraint and hunger.

Conclusion:

In this open‐label trial, memantine was well tolerated and effective in reducing binge eating, severity of illness, and disability, but had little effect on BMI and weight. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Properties of quantum gain of coding with information criterion by binary linear codes
Authors: Ishida Yuki , Usami Shogo , Usuda Tsuyoshi Sasaki , Takumi Ichi
Published: April 2008

In quantum information theory, superadditivity in the capacity of a quantum channel occurs as a special property. We present a method of calculating the mutual information analytically for binary linear codes by using square‐root measurement as the decoding process. Many examples of codes showing the existence of superadditivity in capacity have been given in the past, but the scope of the method was not clarified. In the present paper, we show that the method can be applied to any binary linear codes. We also show that the quantum channel capacity is almost fully attained in a finite codeword length by using approximation to simplex code. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 163(4): 48–57, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20646
Reactions of Pendant Boryl Groups in Cp–Metal Complexes: Heterocyclic Ring Annelation in a CpIr System (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 14/2008)
Authors: Herrmann Christoph , Kehr Gerald , Fröhlich Roland , Erker Gerhard
Published: April 2008

The cover picture shows the regioselective hydroboration of (trans‐CH3–CH=CH–C5H4)Ir(cod) (X‐ray structure on the left) with bis(pentafluorophenyl)borane followed by an intermolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction at the Cp ring to yield the respective boron‐containing heterocycle. In this case the iridium metal acts as an internal metal base to yield the corresponding zwitterionic iridium hydride complex (X‐ray structure on the right). At the bottom, the 1H NMR (600 MHz, CD2Cl2, –20 °C) spectrum of the iridium hydride complex is pictured with the omission of the Ir‐1H domain at δ = –12.23 ppm. The corresponding 19F NMR (564 MHz, CD2Cl2, –30 °C) spectrum with expanded areas is depicted in the background. Further details are provided in the article by G. Erker et al. on p. 2273ff.
Dynamic simulation of backdraft phenomena in a townhouse building fire
Authors: Wang Shih‐Cheng , Lin Cherng‐Shing , Yu Chia‐Chun
Published: April 2008

A backdraft is a unique and extremely dangerous fire phenomenon in buildings with limited ventilation. Backdraft can generate the powerful fire and heavy smoke that hinders firefighter rescues and those escaping the fire. This study investigates a deflagration fire and smoke spread in a townhouse fire that occurred in Taiwan. The fire is reconstructed using the CFAST (ver. 6.0.10) zone model, FDS (ver. 4.0.7) field model, and full‐scale fire tests for motorcycles. Computational results reasonably agree qualitatively with the post‐accident reports. Simulation analysis for backdraft phenomena demonstrated that window size in the limited‐ventilation compartment fire influenced smoke leaking from vents, deflagration induction time, and fire intensity from a new opening. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 37(3): 153–164, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20196
The RNA coregulator SRA, its binding proteins and nuclear receptor signaling activity
Authors: Colley Shane M. , Iyer Kavitha R. , Leedman Peter J.
Published: April 2008

Nuclear receptor (NR) coregulators are key modulators of hormone signaling. Discovery of steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA), a coregulator that is active as a RNA, transformed thinking in the field of hormone action. The subsequent identification of SRA‐binding coregulator proteins, including p68, SHARP and more recently SLIRP, has provided important insight into SRA's mechanism of action and potentially offers new opportunities to target NR signaling pathways for therapeutic gain. Here we outline advances in the field of NR coregulator biology, with a bias on recent progress in understanding SRA‐protein interactions. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(3): 159–164, 2008
Hemoprotein time‐resolved X‐ray crystallography
Authors: Milani Mario , Nardini Marco , Pesce Alessandra , Mastrangelo Eloise , Bolognesi Martino
Published: April 2008

In the last decade the role of structural dynamics in controlling protein function was actively investigated using new and advanced experimental approaches. In particular, time resolved crystallography, despite some practical difficulties, is being used extensively to complement the study of protein structure‐function relationships with information on the dynamics, based on experimental evidence. Here we present a short overview of the results obtained on dynamical properties of myoglobin and homologous hemoproteins, where the photosensitive heme‐Fe—ligand bond has allowed transient intermediates to be studied by different flash photolysis methods coupled to Laue X‐ray diffraction, thus highlighting some of the dynamical events that characterize diffusion of a diatomic ligand to/from the heme in model hemoproteins. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(3): 154–158, 2008
A 39 kDa fragment of endogenous ASK1 suggests specific cleavage not degradation by the proteasome
Authors: Stordal Britta , Davey Ross
Published: April 2008

Transfected human apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) produces a 150 kDa protein. However, we have detected endogenous ASK1 predominantly as 39 and 50 kDa C‐terminal and 75 and 110 kDa N‐terminal fragments in a panel of nontransfected cancer cell lines and HUVEC endothelial cells. This suggests that in nonapoptotic cells, endogenous ASK1 protein is normally cleaved at a number of specific sites, some of which are in the kinase domain. Transfected ASK1 protein is known to be degraded by the proteasome. In contrast, the cleavage of endogenous ASK1 is independent of the proteasome as treatment with the proteasome inhibitor, lactacystin did not inhibit cleavage. Cisplatin treatment decreased the amount of 39 kDa C‐terminal ASK1 fragments in mutant p53 cell lines suggesting a decrease in cleavage associated with apoptosis. Transfected ASK1 may, therefore, not accurately reflect the role of endogenous ASK1. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(3): 180–184, 2008
The novel inhibitory effect of Pangdahai on fatty acid synthase
Authors: Zhao Wen‐Hua , Zhao Chun‐Yang , Gao Li‐Fang , Feng Fei‐Fei , Gao Wen , Chen Zhen‐Liang , Zhang Feng , Cao Li‐Ge , Bi Xiao‐Yu , Chen Yue , Zhu Qi‐Yao , Zhang Ying‐Xia
Published: April 2008

Recently, animal fatty acid synthase (FASN) is reported as a potential therapeutic target for obesity and cancer. Considerable interest has been developed in searching for novel inhibitors of this enzyme. An extract from Pangdahai has been found to inhibit FASN in both reversible and irreversible manners, with an IC50 of 3.5 μg/ml and an apparent inactivation rate constant of kobs of 2.2 × 10−3/min. The kinetic study showed that the Pangdahai extract inhibited the overall FASN reaction uncompetitively with acetyl‐CoA, but it presented in a mixed manner both with NADPH and with malonyl‐CoA. Its major reacting site on this enzyme, as compared between two IC50 values, is not in the beta‐ketoacyl reduction domain. A weight reducing experiment in rats showed that the extract significantly reduced the adipose and food intake, but in view of statistics (P < 0.05), a correlation between the reductions in the adipose and in the food consumption and the inhibition of hepatic FASN could not be established. Three known flavonoid compounds were isolated from the extract and the structure–activity relationship was discussed. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(3): 185–194, 2008
Molecular mechanism of preconditioning
Authors: Das Manika , Das Dipak K.
Published: April 2008

During the last 20 years, since the appearance of the first publication on ischemic preconditioning (PC), our knowledge of this phenomenon has increased exponentially. PC is defined as an increased tolerance to ischemia and reperfusion induced by previous sublethal period ischemia. This is the most powerful mechanism known to date for limiting the infract size. This adaptation occurs in a biphasic pattern (i) early preconditioning (lasts for 2–3 h) and (ii) late preconditioning (starting at 24 h lasting until 72–96 h after initial ischemia). Early preconditioning is more potent than delayed preconditioning in reducing infract size. Late preconditioning attenuates myocardial stunning and requires genomic activation with de novo protein synthesis. Early preconditioning depends on adenosine, opioids and to a lesser degree, on bradykinin and prostaglandins, released during ischemia. These molecules activate G‐protein‐coupled receptor, initiate activation of KATP channel and generate oxygen‐free radicals, and stimulate a series of protein kinases, which include protein kinase C, tyrosine kinase, and members of MAP kinase family. Late preconditioning is triggered by a similar sequence of events, but in addition essentially depends on newly synthesized proteins, which comprise iNOS, COX‐2, manganese superoxide dismutase, and possibly heat shock proteins. The final mechanism of PC is still not very clear. The present review focuses on the possible role signaling molecules that regulate cardiomyocyte life and death during ischemia and reperfusion. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(4): 199–203, 2008
Disorders of the synthesis of human fetal hemoglobin
Authors: Manca Laura , Masala Bruno
Published: April 2008

Fetal hemoglobin (HbF), the predominant hemoglobin in the fetus, is a mixture of two molecular species (α2Gγ2 and α2Aγ2) that differ only at position 136 reflecting the products of two nonallelic γ‐globin genes. At the time of birth, HbF accounts for ∼70% of the total Hb. The Gγ:Aγ globin ratio in the HbF of normal newborn is 70:30 whereas in the trace amounts of HbF that is found in the adult it reverses to 40:60 because of a γ‐ to β‐globin gene switch. Alterations of these ratios are indicative of a molecular defect at the level of the HbF synthesis. Qualitative hemoglobinopathies due to Gγ and Aγ chain structural variants, and quantitative hemoglobinopathies affecting the synthesis of HbF such as γ‐thalassemias, duplications, triplications, and even sextuplications of the γ‐globin genes, which may be detected in newborn blood lysates, have been described. Moreover, several pathological and nonpathological conditions affecting the β‐globin gene cluster, such as β‐thalassemia, sickle cell disease, δβ‐thalassemia, and hereditary persistence of HbF syndromes, are characterized by the continued synthesis of γ‐globin chains in the adult life. Studies of these natural mutants associated with increased synthesis of HbF in adult life have provided considerable insight into the understanding of the control of globin gene expression and Hb switching. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(2): 94–111, 2008
Brain mitochondrial dysfunction in aging
Authors: Boveris Alberto , Navarro Ana
Published: April 2008

Aging of mammalian brain is associated with a continuous decrease of the capacity to produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. The impairment of mitochondrial function is mainly due to diminished electron transfer by complexes I and IV, whereas inner membrane H+ impermeability and F1‐ATP synthase activity are only slightly affected. Dysfunctional mitochondria in aged rodents show decreased rates of respiration and of electron transfer, decreased membrane potential, increased content of the oxidation products of phospholipids and proteins, and increased size and fragility. In aging mice, the activities of brain mitochondrial enzymes (complexes I and IV and mtNOS) are linearly correlated with neurological performance (tightrope and T‐maze tests) and with median life span and negatively correlated with the mitochondrial content of lipid and protein oxidation products. Conditions that increased mice median life span, such as moderate exercise, vitamin E supplementation, caloric restriction, and high spontaneous neurological activity; also improved neurological performance and mitochondrial function in aged brain. The diffusion of mitochondrial NO and H2O2 to the cytosol is decreased in the aged brain and may be a factor for reduced mitochondrial biogenesis. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(5): 308–314, 2008
Heparin—A unique stimulator of human colon cancer cells' growth
Authors: Chatzinikolaou Georgia , Nikitovic Dragana , Asimakopoulou Athanasia , Tsatsakis Aristidis , Karamanos Nikos K. , Tzanakakis George N.
Published: April 2008

The cancer microenvironment and the interactions between cancer and surrounding tissue cells are thought to play a pivotal role in tumor development and progression. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)/proteoglycans (PGs) are major constituents of the extracellular matrix, the composition of which may affect various cellular functions. In the present study, the effects of GAGs on the proliferation of HT29, SW1116, and HCT116 human colon cancer cell lines were examined using exogenously added GAGs, an inhibitor of endogenous GAG sulfation and specific glycosidase digestions. Our results demonstrate that colon cancer cell growth was exclusively stimulated by exogenously added heparin and insensitive to endogenous GAGs/PGs production, in a sulfation pattern‐related manner. Treatment of the tested cell lines with the FGF‐2 neutralizing antibody showed that the stimulatory effect of heparin on the cells' growth was not FGF‐2‐dependent. Responsiveness of colon cancer cell lines to exogenous heparin/heparan sulfate may play a role in their growth and metastasis. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(5): 333–340, 2008
Effect of coloring with various metal oxides on the microstructure, color, and flexural strength of 3Y‐TZP
Authors: Shah K. , Holloway J. A. , Denry I. L.
Published: April 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cerium and bismuth coloring salts solutions on the microstructure, color, flexural strength, and aging resistance of tetragonal zirconia for dental applications (3Y‐TZP). Cylindrical blanks were sectioned into disks (2‐mm thick, 25‐mm in diameter) and colored by immersion in cerium acetate (CA), cerium chloride (CC), or bismuth chloride (BC) solutions at 1, 5, or 10 wt %. The density, elastic constants, and biaxial flexural strength were determined after sintering at 1350°C. The crystalline phases were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction before and after aging in autoclave for 10 h. The results showed that the mean density of the colored groups was comparable with that of the control group (6.072 ± 0.008 g/cm3). XRD confirmed the presence of tetragonal zirconia with a slight increase in lattice parameters for the colored groups. A perceptible color difference was obtained for all groups (ΔE* = 2.57 ± 0.48 to 14.22 ± 0.98), compared with the control. The mean grain size increased significantly for the groups colored with CC or CA at 10 wt %, compared with the control group (0.318 ± 0.029 mm). The mean biaxial strength of CA1%, CA5%, and BC1% groups was not significantly different from that of the control group (1087.5 ± 173.3 MPa). The flexural strength of all other groups decreased linearly with increasing concentration for both cerium salts (860.7 ± 172 to 274.4 ± 67.3 MPa). The resistance to low temperature degradation was not affected by the coloring process. Coloring with cerium or bismuth salts produced perceptible color differences even at the lowest concentrations. A decrease in flexural strength at the higher concentrations was attributed to an increase in open porosity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Energy density analysis for second‐order Møller‐Plesset perturbation theory and coupled‐cluster theory with singles and doubles: Application to C2H4CH4 complexes
Authors: Imamura Yutaka , Nakai Hiromi
Published: April 2008

Grid‐based energy density analysis (EDA), in which numerical integration is performed for two‐electron integrals by the pseudospectral method (Imamura et al., J. Chem. Phys. 2007, 126, 034103), is extended to correlated methods: second‐order Møller‐Plesset (MP2) perturbation and coupled‐cluster singles and doubles (CCSD). Using EDA for MP2 and CCSD, we estimate atomic correlation energy differences and correlation energy density difference maps for C2H4CH4 complexes. The analyses confirm that polarization and diffuse functions essentially contribute to the descriptions of weak interaction around the nuclei and in the area between C2H4 and CH4, respectively. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 29: 1555–1563, 2008
Extension of adaptive tree code and fast multipole methods to high angular momentum particle charge densities
Authors: Giese Timothy J. , York Darrin M.
Published: April 2008

The development and implementation of a tree code (TC) and fast multipole method (FMM) for the efficient, linear‐scaling calculation of long‐range electrostatic interactions of particle distributions with variable shape and multipole character are described. The target application of these methods are stochastic boundary molecular simulations with polarizable force fields and/or combined quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical potentials. Linear‐scaling is accomplished through the adaptive decomposition of the system into a hierarchy of interacting particle sets. Two methods for effecting this decomposition are evaluated: fluc‐splitting and box‐splitting, for which the latter is demonstrated to be generally more accurate. In addition, a generalized termination criterion is developed that delivers optimal performance at fixed error tolerance that, in the case of quadrupole‐represented Drude water, effects a speed‐up by a factor of 2–3 relative to a multipole‐independent termination criteria. The FMM is shown to be ∼2–3 times faster than the TC, independent of the system size and multipole order of the particles. The TC and FMM are tested for a variety of static and polarizable water systems, and for the the 70Sribosome functional complex containing an assembly of transfer and messenger RNAs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
Application of the Sakurai‐Sugiura projection method to core‐excited‐state calculation by time‐dependent density functional theory
Authors: Tsuchimochi Takashi , Kobayashi Masato , Nakata Ayako , Imamura Yutaka , Nakai Hiromi
Published: April 2008

The Sakurai‐Sugiura projection (SS) method was implemented and numerically assessed for diagonalization of the Hamiltonian in time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Since the SS method can be used to specify the range in which the eigenvalues are computed, it may be an efficient tool for use with eigenvalues in a particular range. In this article, the SS method is applied to core excited calculations for which the eigenvalues are located within a particular range, since the eigenvalues are unique to atomic species in molecules. The numerical assessment of formaldehyde molecule by TDDFT with core‐valence Becke's three‐parameter exchange (B3) plus Lee‐Yang‐Parr (LYP) correlation (CV‐B3LYP) functional demonstrates that the SS method can be used to selectively obtain highly accurate eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Thus, the SS method is a new and powerful alternative for calculating core‐excitation energies without high computation costs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2008.
Organization of the superficial neuromast system in goldfish, Carassius auratus
Authors: Schmitz Anke , Bleckmann Horst , Mogdans Joachim
Published: April 2008

Distribution, morphology, and orientation of superficial neuromasts and polarization of the hair cells within superficial neuromasts of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) were examined using fluorescence labeling and scanning electron microscopy. On each body side, goldfish have 1,800–2,000 superficial neuromasts distributed across the head, trunk and tail fin. Each superficial neuromast had about 14–32 hair cells that were arranged in the sensory epithelium with the axis of best sensitivity aligned perpendicular to the long axis of the neuromast. Hair cell polarization was rostro‐caudal in most superficial neuromasts on trunk scales (with the exception of those on the lateral line scales), or on the tail fin. On lateral line scales, the most frequent hair cell polarization was dorso‐ventral in 45% and rostro‐caudal in 20% of the superficial neuromasts. On individual trunk scales, superficial neuromasts were organized in rows which in most scales showed similar orientations with angle deviations smaller than 45°. In about 16% of all trunk scales, groups of superficial neuromasts in the dorsal and ventral half of the scale were oriented orthogonal to each other. On the head, most superficial neuromasts were arranged in rows or groups of similar orientation with angle deviations smaller than 45°. Neighboring groups of superficial neuromasts could differ with respect to their orientation. The most frequent hair cell polarization was dorso‐ventral in front of the eyes and on the ventral mandible and rostro‐caudal below the eye and on the operculum. J. Morphol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The course of fever following influenza virus infection in children treated with oseltamivir
Authors: Suzuki Eitaro , Ichihara Kiyoshi
Published: April 2008

Although the effectiveness of oseltamivir against influenza virus infection is well known, there has been no report analyzing the detailed time course of fever following the drug treatment in children. Oseltamivir was prescribed for 4 days to every child with a positive result for rapid immunological test for influenza virus during 2002–2003, 2003–2004, and 2004–2005 epidemics. Only those who were 1–12 years of age and prescribed oseltamivir within 24 hr after the onset of fever were included in the analysis. The numbers of children with type A/H3N2 disease for the three seasons were 64, 77, and 33, and those with type B disease were 102, 4, and 86, for the respective seasons. The period until normalization of temperature was obtained from six‐hourly recordings of body temperature. By multiple regression analysis, temperature periods were longer in type B than in type A/H3N2 disease, negatively associated with age, and positively with maximal body temperature (all: P < 0.001). The effectiveness of oseltamivir on body temperature in type B disease was less apparent in the 2004–2005 than in the 2002–2003 season, irrespective of age. No such between‐season difference was observed for Type A/H3N2 disease. Frequencies of ineffective cases with biphasic fever (19.6% and 43.0% during 2002–2003 and 2004–2005 seasons) were significantly higher in type B than in type A/H3N disease (12.0% and 11.8%, respectively). The effectiveness of oseltamivir depends on a child's age, maximal body temperature and the virus type. This study confirmed recent reports indicating decreased effectiveness of oseltamivir against type B disease. J. Med. Virol. 80:1065–1071, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The shaft‐based methodological approach to the quantification of long limb bones and its relevance to understanding hominid subsistence in the Pleistocene: application to four Palaeolithic sites
Authors: Yravedra J. , Domínguez‐Rodrigo M.
Published: April 2008

The present work contributes to the debate of skeletal part use in archaeology to reconstruct hominid economic behaviour during the Pleistocene. It doubles the sample of sites where comparison of long limb bone element quantification is made by using alternative identification techniques based on epiphyses and epiphyses plus shafts. A refined method of long limb element quantification using shafts is discussed and applied to four sites representing different time periods from the end of the Middle Pleistocene to the end of the Upper Pleistocene. It is shown that when long limb elements are properly quantified a hypothesis of early access to carcasses at these sites can be supported. The data thus drawn are also used to compare skeletal part evenness across the time periods represented by the four sites selected. The results indicate low‐cost transport decisions by hominids at these sites. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
All‐optical 3R regeneration based on the XPM effect of semiconductor optical amplifier
Authors: Yu Jinlong , Hu Hao , Zhang Aixu , Wang Yaotian , Zhu Likai , Wang Wenrui , Zhang Litai , Jing Wencai , Jia Dagong , Yang Enze
Published: April 2008

We propose a 40 Gb/s all optical 3R regeneration system. A high Finesse Fabry‐Perot (F‐P) filter (FSR = 40 GHz, finesse = 1012) and a gain‐saturated SOA are used to extract 40 GHz clock. Before the clock extraction, 40 Gb/s RZ optical signals are converted into a stable wavelength after noninverted wavelength conversion based on the XPM of a single SOA. In the all optical decision, dual SOAs in series were used to lengthen active region of SOA. The 40 Gb/s degraded RZ signals are regenerated based on the XPM of dual SOAs in series, when a 0.26‐nm OBPF is blue shifted with respect to the wavelength of extracted clock. The experimental results show better eye opening, the decreased timing jitter from 5 to 1.4 ps and the 15 dB improved optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1807–1810, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23473
Multiple resonances in arrays of spiral resonators designed for magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Massaoudi S. , Huynen I.
Published: April 2008

This article analyzes a planar metamaterial made of spiral resonators (SRs) printed on a thin dielectric layer, and operating around 123 MHz for medical applications. The design is based on an analytical model using equivalent circuits. This approach enables to explain the origin of multiple resonant frequencies in SR metamaterials. Theoretical predictions are successfully validated by measurements carried out in the frequency range [100–140 MHz]. These properties lead to very interesting applications, such as compact antennas with high directivity or medical magnetic resonance imaging at 123 MHz. In particular our simulations show that a metamaterial slab formed by an array of spiral resonators is able to transport the magnetic image information across the slab without distortion. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1945–1950, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23474
A new directional coupler for UHF RFID reader
Authors: Wei Feng , Shi X. W. , Huang Q. L. , Chen D. Z. , Wang X. H.
Published: April 2008

A conventional microstrip directional coupler has poor isolation due to its unequal phase velocity between the even and odd modes. In this article, a compact dual‐stub microstrip directional coupler for the UHF RFID reader is proposed. The operating frequency band is 902–928 MHz. It is found that the coupler can obtain a good isolation of −65 dB at 920 MHz. Modeling and simulation results are also presented which are in good agreement with measurement data. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1973–1975, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23495
A digitally controlled band‐switching VCO using switching inductors and capacitors in 0.18 μm CMOS
Authors: Chang Tienyu , Chen Jinghong , Lin Jenshan
Published: April 2008

In this article, a digitally controlled band‐switching voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is designed and fabricated using TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology. Design considerations regarding the power requirement and the phase noise of the VCO are discussed. Eight bands are set by three bits, with one bit controlling switching inductors, and two bits controlling switching capacitors. The VCO covers 2.9–3.45 GHz and 3.6–4.3 GHz using varactors for continuous frequency tuning. Phase noise of the VCO stays constant around −110 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset for all bands. The fabricated VCO consumes 11 mA of current with 1.8 V supply voltage and has a small size of 730 μm × 660 μm. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1970–1973, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23496
Optimization of a nonuniformly slotted rectangular waveguide antenna
Authors: Hwang Keum Cheol
Published: April 2008

Optimization of a nonuniformly slotted rectangular waveguide antenna is performed using comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization (CLPSO) for the design of a high‐efficiency, low‐sidelobe antenna with a cosecant‐squared beam. Mode‐matching method and the Fourier transform are used to analyze the nonuniformly slotted rectangular waveguide. The computational results show that the proposed optimizer with a fast convergent series solver is useful for the design and optimization of nonuniform slot arrays. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1935–1937, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23498
A low‐voltage divide‐by‐3 injection‐locked frequency divider
Authors: Lee Chien‐Feng , Jang Sheng‐Lyang
Published: April 2008

This study proposes a new low‐voltage divide‐by‐3 CMOS injection locked frequency divider (ILFD) fabricated in a 0.18‐μm CMOS process and describes the operation principle of the ILFD. The ILFD circuit is realized with a CMOS dynamic threshold voltage LC‐tank voltage‐controlled‐oscillator (VCO) with two injection MOSFETs. The self‐oscillating VCO is injection‐locked by third‐harmonic input to obtain the division order of three. Measurement results show that at the supply voltage of 0.36 V, the free‐running frequency is from 1.015 to 1.093 GHz. At the incident power of −10 dBm, the locking range is from the incident frequency 3.01 to 3.33 GHz. This is the lowest voltage ILFD ever reported in literatures. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1905–1908, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23499
An electromagnetically coupled dual‐band dual‐polarized microstrip antenna for WLAN applications
Authors: Sarin V. P. , Nishamol M. S. , Augustin Gijo , Mohanan P. , Aanandan C. K. , Vasudevan K.
Published: April 2008

A new design of a dual‐band dual‐polarized electromagnetically coupled slot loaded square patch antenna, covering the WLAN 5.2 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands, achieving bandwidth enhancement by using tapered slot structure, is presented here. The proposed antenna covers 5.09–5.47 GHz and 5.7–5.88 GHz bands. Details of the antenna design along with experimental and simulated results are presented and discussed. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1867–1870, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23502
Novel optical performance monitoring techniques using jittered electro‐optical sampling pulses
Authors: Jong Kuo‐Chin , Tsao Hen‐Wai , Lee San‐Liang
Published: April 2008

A novel performance monitoring technique is proposed to improve the versatility of performance monitoring by altering the sampling rate periodically. With this method, a low distortion histogram can be obtained and the convergency of the averaged Q‐factor (Qavg) with respect to the number of sampling points can be significantly enhanced. We can also obtain a higher linear relationship between Qavgand the real Q‐factor than conventional approaches can. The calculated results are independent of the difference between the data rate and sampling rate. The simulation shows that, with this scheme, smaller numbers of sampling points are needed to generate one histogram, so the estimation of the Q‐factor is much simpler and faster. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1831–1834, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23504
Improved implementation of the Mur first‐order absorbing boundary condition in the ADI‐FDTD method
Authors: Stefánski T. , Drysdale T. D.
Published: April 2008

Current implementations of the Mur 1st‐order absorbing boundary condition (Mur1) in the alternating‐direction implicit finite‐difference time‐domain (ADI‐FDTD) method treat the intermediate (half‐step) variables as electromagnetic field quantities that are an approximate solution to Maxwell's equations. This approach is problematic because these variables represent nonphysical quantities. Here, we rederive the Mur1 boundary condition for both the one‐dimensional and three‐dimensional cases such that the intermediate (half step) values are updated in a manner that is consistent with the ADI‐FDTD scheme. We present numerical tests that show improved performance over existing Mur1 implementations in ADI‐FDTD. These results suggest that careful consideration of the derivation of the half‐step variable update equations for other special ADI‐FDTD boundary and material conditions may yield similar improvements. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1757–1761, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23508
Monopulse beam‐scanning planar array antenna in L band
Authors: Masa‐Campos J. L. , Sánchez‐Sevilleja S. , Dominguez‐Grano‐De‐Oro C. , Sierra‐Pérez M. , Fernández‐Jambrina José Luis
Published: April 2008

A planar antenna is presented as part of a Signal Identification System working at 1.06 GHz. The antenna presents a monopulse radiation pattern. Likewise, a scanning of the main beam direction is achieved in a ±45° azimuth coverage. A limited 3 dB amplitude drop of the received signal at the edges of the angular scanning area is only permitted. Furthermore, a broad beamwidth is required in the single element of the array. A rectangular linearly polarized double stacked patch has been then designed, with a significant size reduction in the nonresonant length, to increase the azimuth beamwidth of the array single element. The whole antenna structure is composed of 18 elements, which have been distributed in six columns of three patches per column. The feeding network of the array has been developed in microstrip technology, with small individual circuits connected by coaxial cables, to reduce the global losses of the system. The designed compact antenna and the transmitting and receiving equipments will be placed inside a POD on the top part of an airplane. A prototype antenna has been manufactured and measured in three different beam pointing directions. Satisfactory results have been achieved in the entire frequency band. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1812–1819, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23516