bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE POSSIBILITY OF CREATING A SYNTHETIC S-VELOCITY MODEL BY RECALCULATING THE P-VELOCITY MODEL
Authors:   Institute of geophysics NAS of Ukraine S.I. Subbotina, Shumlianska L. , Yu. Yu. ,   Institute of geophysics NAS of Ukraine S.I. Subbotina, Pigulevskiy P. ,   Institute of geophysics NAS of Ukraine S.I. Subbotina
Published: April 2022

The problem of limited and incomplete seismological data leads to significant distortions in design models based on primary seismological models. One of the reasons for the incompleteness of the primary seismological data is the significant predominance of these definitions of P phase arrivals of body waves in comparison with the registration of S-wave arrivals. In this regard, the question arises about the statistical proportionality (significance) and correspondence of the velocity models obtained from the arrivals of P- and S-waves. As part of the solution of this problem, the authors studied the possibility of recalculating the P-velocity model into a synthetic velocity model of S-waves to assess its similarity to the experimental model. The article shows that the deviations of the synthetic model of S-wave velocities from the measured curve are comparable with the accuracy of the methods by which these velocity models were obtained, therefore, the obtained synthetic model of S-waves can be used to construct structural models of the mantle. We proposed our own approach to solving the problem of obtaining a synthetic S-velocity model because of recalculation of the P-velocity model and showed that when recalculated, using the arithmetic mean of five reference seismological models of the Vp/Vs ratio, the synthetic S-velocity model has acceptable deviations comparable to the resolution ability of the method of obtaining them. As the results of determining the velocity errors when using the kinematic method of the Taylor approximation show, with errors in determining the maximum depth of the apparent velocity of the refracted ray ε0 (q) = 6; 7; 8 km, the calculated velocity errors are of the same order as the deviations for one-dimensional models, and significantly less than the error of ± 0.1 km / s, which is achieved by other seismic methods. The synthetic S-velocity model obtained because of the recalculation of the P-velocity model has the property of proportionality with the original model, which gives advantages in accuracy in the further joint use of two collinear models (P, S) when converting to physico-lithological models of the mantle.
Experimental Analysis of Latest Biometric Security Strategies and Its Impact on Authentication Methods
Authors: Rachappa Halkar
Published: April 2022

Biometric technology is the latest method which is used for security purpose. The technique uses biological features for authorised access. It is unique way of security methods and reliable as compared to other traditional methods of security. The technique uses features like fingerprint, face recognition, thumb impressions, digital signature etc as a means of security methods. It is automatic way of identifying the identity of the person which is based on physical characteristics of person. It is more safe and secure method of authentication as biological or physical features is unique to individual and cannot result in security threat and cannot be accessed by unauthorised user. There are many varieties of biometric technique and the organisations can select any one of them based upon the type of business they are doing and how safe they want to keep the data and information of the individual. There are many advantages as well as challenges of biometric technique which will be explained in this paper. The components of biometric architecture will also be explained in this paper.
Analytical Study of Block Chain Testing and Tools used for Testing
Authors: Soni Monika
Published: April 2022

This paper will explain the technology Blockchain in detail. It is a new concept which is being used in various fields to save information in less time and cost effective. This paper will also explain the types of block chain, advantages, testing strategies and tools used for block chain testing. It is a form of system in which the information or data is stored using blocks where each block has its unique data. The block will have all the information about that particular data.
Scientific Study of Hybrid Testing Framework and Procedure
Authors: Ghazaly Nouby Mahdy
Published: April 2022

In this paper it is discussed in details the meaning of hybrid framework, hybrid model, testing life cycle and its different procedures. The word hybrid it self explains mixing of two together. This paper will explain using hybrid model techniques to test the applications. There are few stages that need to be followed carefully to achieve accuracy in test results. Hybrid approach is of two types. Both will be explained in brief in this paper.
Understanding the Concept of Design Engineering and Its Usage in Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Gupta Dr. Jatin
Published: April 2022

The word engineering means the process of creating and implementing technical knowledge in practical usage forms of the applications. Design engineering is the process of making anything. It includes various steps like gathering the requirements from the user and then converting it into desired product which meets all the expectations of the user. In this paper, the concept of design engineering is explained in detail. There are number of design engineering available. It will explain all types of design engineering in brief. Also, it will provide advantages and disadvantages of design engineering.
Editorial board of the journal "Neurological Bulletin" from Yu.V. Popov
Authors: Popov Y. V.
Published: April 2022

The editorial board of the journal "Review of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology named after V.M. Bekhterev", founded by V.M. Bekhterev in 1896 in St. Petersburg, welcomes the rebirth of its elder brother "Neurological Bulletin", also established by V.M. Bekhterev in Kazan in 1893, and congratulates his colleagues on their centenary.
Historical milestones of the journal "Neurological Bulletin"
Authors: Ismagilov M. F. , Popelyavsky Y. Y. , Galiullin А. N. , Yonova Е. Y.
Published: April 2022

In 1893, the medical community in Russia received a new medical journal. It was the "Neurological Bulletin", published in Kazan by the Society of Neurologists and Psychiatrists, edited by V.M. Bekhterev. The magazine could be bought not only in Kazan, but also from all famous booksellers in university cities: in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kyiv, Kharkov, Warsaw, Odessa. Subscription was also accepted there (cost - 8 rubles per year). The Neurological Bulletin was published until 1917, 4 issues a year. In the formidable 1918, on the eve of famine, devastation and obscurantism, only one issue of the journal was published, and it was not possible to continue its publication further. A total of 24 volumes were released.
Vegetative regulation in paroxysmal disorders of the cardiac rhythm
Authors: Shutov A. A. , Tuev А. V. , Kozminykh Е. V.
Published: April 2022

The vegetative regulation is investigated in 80 patients with paroxismal disorders of the rhythm. The centralization of the cardiac rhythm control is revealed in supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and idiopathic ciliary arrhythmia. The connection between the changes in the conductive system of the heart and central vegetative regulation is established. The results obtained lead one to use central electroanalgesia as a method for the treatment of vegetative disorders in paroxysmal disorders of the cardiac rhythm.
Mid- to Late-Quaternary Geomorphic and Paleoseismic Event History, Cheraw Fault, Southeastern Colorado
Authors: Ostenaa Dean A. , Zellman Mark S. , Morgan Matthew L. , DuRoss Christopher B. , Briggs Richard W. , Gold Ryan D. , Mahan Shannon A. , Gray Harrison J. , Broes Lauren , Lindsey Kassandra
Published: April 2022

Despite its subdued expression and isolated location within the Great Plains of southeastern Colorado, the 80 km long Cheraw fault may be one of the most active faults in North America east of the Rocky Mountains. We present geomorphic analyses, geochronology, and paleoseismic trenching data to (1) document the rupture history of the ∼45 km long southwestern section of the Cheraw fault over the past ∼19 ka, and (2) evaluate slip rate changes for the entire fault over the past ∼200 ka. Results from new trenches excavated at the Old Ranch site show evidence of four surface rupture events since ∼19 ka, each with an average vertical displacement of 0.75 ± 0.15 m. An additional event is likely only slightly older than ∼19 ka. Evidence for relatively small displacements at and near the Old Ranch site indicates that most of these earthquakes were magnitude (M) 7 or less and likely did not rupture the full length of the Cheraw fault. Since ∼19 ka, the average slip rate is ∼0.16 ± 0.3 mm/yr near the Old Ranch site with an average interevent time of 3–5 ka. New geochronologic data for mid- to late-Quaternary geomorphic surfaces cut by the Cheraw fault imply rapid incision by local Arkansas River tributaries from ∼145 to ∼100 ka. Maximum vertical offsets of 7–9 m for these surfaces indicate that from ∼19 to >200 ka the average slip rate was no greater than ∼0.03 mm/yr. The accelerated slip rate since ∼19 ka indicates a possible response to rapid erosional unloading and/or a limited late Cenozoic, <40 ka, paleoseismic history for the Cheraw fault.
An Iterative Linear Method with Variable Shear Stress Magnitudes for Estimating the Stress Tensor from Earthquake Focal Mechanism Data: Method and Examples
Authors: Beaucé Eric , van der Hilst Robert D. , Campillo Michel
Published: April 2022

Earthquake focal mechanism data provide information about the stress state at the origin of earthquakes. The inversion methods that are commonly used to infer the stress tensor from focal mechanisms have varying complexity but always rely on a number of assumptions. We present an iterative method built upon a classic linear stress tensor inversion that allows for relaxing the assumption on shear stress magnitudes while preserving the computational simplicity of the linear problem. Every iteration of our method computes the least-squares solution of the problem, which makes the method fast enough to estimate the inverted parameter errors with nonparametric resampling methods such as bootstrapping. Following previous studies, this method removes the fault plane ambiguity in focal mechanism data by selecting the nodal plane that best satisfies the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion. We first test the performance and robustness to noise of the proposed method on synthetic data sets and then apply it to data from the Southern California and Geysers geothermal field data sets. We focus the study on investigating the consequences of relaxing the assumption of constant shear stress magnitudes. Our variable shear method successfully generalizes its constant shear counterpart: it is able to perform similarly when the constant shear assumption is a good approximation and provides more accurate results when it is not. We provide the Python package iterative linear stress inversion to implement the proposed method.
La criminalización de la asistencia a los solicitantes de asilo en Hungría (a propósito de la sentencia Comisión/Hungría, C-821/19)
Authors: Pascual Matellán Laura
Published: April 2022

En la sentencia Comisión/Hungría (C-821/19), el Tribunal de Justicia ha analizado por primera vez las implicaciones que se derivan de la criminalización de la asistencia prestada a los inmigrantes irregulares y a los solicitantes de protección internacional. Este asunto plantea indudablemente la necesidad de limitar la aplicación del Derecho penal en el ámbito de la inmigración. El Tribunal de Justicia ha puesto claramente de manifiesto que la normativa nacional controvertida restringe injustificadamente la efectividad de los derechos garantizados por las Directivas de procedimientos y de acogida. A su vez, la criminalización de la asistencia a los solicitantes de protección internacional puede tener también un efecto disuasorio en relación con las personas u organizaciones que tratan de promover cambios en la legislación o alegan que las normas nacionales son incompatibles con el Derecho de la UE.
Crónica de jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, septiembre-diciembre 2021
Authors: Castillo de la Torre Fernando , Nemeckova Petra
Published: April 2022

Crónica de jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, septiembre-diciembre 2021
Crónica de jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, septiembre-diciembre 2021
Authors: Llop Cardenal Elisa
Published: April 2022

Crónica de jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, septiembre-diciembre 2021
Determining Competitiveness of Indonesian Export Commodities using Revealed Comparative Analysis
Authors: Suparmono Suparmono , Suandana Edi , Ilmas Fauzan
Published: April 2022

This article aims to analyze Indonesian products’ competitiveness in the global market using the static revealed comparative advantage (SRCA) and the dynamic revealed comparative advantage (DRCA). DRCA is considered superior to RCA because it takes into account the time element. The current research combines DRCA and RCA to provide an analytical comparison. The data were collected from the International Trade Centre, classified according to the Harmonized System (HS) from 2013 to 2019. Using SRCA, Indonesia’s tin and articles’ competitiveness only contributes 0.95% of Indonesia's total exports. The most significant shares of exports are mineral fuels, mineral oils, and their distillation products; bituminous substances; animal or vegetable fats and oils, and their cleavage products; and prepared edible fats. Using DRCA, Indonesia’s most significant exports in the rising star category are natural rubber and its derivatives; cars and other motorized vehicles; fatty acids and their derivatives; lignite; unforged lead; ferroalloys; wires and cables; refined copper; petroleum and minerals; and margarine and its derivatives. These products showed positive growth higher than the global average, which means Indonesia is competitive in exporting these products. Thus, the government could prioritize these products for export.
Ultrasound guided technique versus landmark technique for caudal epidural block in children: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Dhadwal Samakshi Singh , Bhure Anjali , Bhargava Sumita
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to compare the two modalities of performing caudal block – ultrasonography guidance and conventional landmark technique in terms of time taken to perform the block, number of attempts to perform the block, block success at first puncture, haemodynamic changes and complications.

: The study was conducted in Department of Anaesthesiology, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre and Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Nagpur. It was a prospective randomized single blinded study.

: This study was conducted in 62 grade ASA I and II patients of both sexes between age group of 2 - 8 years posted for elective surgeries below the level of umbilicus. Patients were randomized into 2 groups: Group C (Conventional technique) (n = 31) and group U (Ultrasound technique) (n=31) Caudal solution was prepared as Inj 0.2% Ropivacaine with Inj Fentanyl 2 mcg/kg with dosage according to Armitage formula, and was administered to both groups.

The block performing time, the block success rate, the number of needle puncture, the success at first puncture and the complications were recorded.

The analysis was 2 tailed and significance level was set at 0.05.

: The mean block performance in group C was 39.3 ± 10.9 seconds while that of the Group U was 52.2 ± 11.4 seconds (P = 0.001). The time taken for identification of the caudal epidural space in Group C was 15.74 + 8.05 seconds while that of the Group U was 24.26 + 8.89 seconds (p = 0.0002). There was no significant difference noted in the number of attempts taken for the block in between both the groups. C group had a success rate of 61.29% in the first attempt while U group has a success rate of 90.32%. (p = 0.008). C group had a success rate of 83.87% while U group has a success rate of 100%. (p = 0.008). The only complication seen in the study was subcutaneous bulging which was seen significantly more in patients of C group compared to U group. Subcutaneous bulging was seen in 8 patients of C group and in 2 patients of U group.

Despite the limitations in central neuraxial anesthesia we recommend the use of ultrasound since it reduces the complications and increases the success rate of first puncture in pediatric caudal injection.
Spinal block characteristics of intrathecal 1% 2chloroprocaine following addition of dexmedetomidine versus fentanyl in lower abdominal surgery: A prospective randomised controlled double blinded study
Authors: Rathore Vikram Singh , Partani Seema , Singh Abhineet , Vyas Aanal , Gondaliya Abhay , Gupta Sunanda
Published: April 2022

The use of spinal anaesthesia for day care lower abdominal surgeries is limited due to its characteristics like delayed ambulation, urinary retention etc. The ultrashort acting 1% 2chloroprocaine (2CP) shows the properties of ideal local anaesthetic for short duration surgeries. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of two different adjuvants (fentanyl or dexmedetomidine) with intrathecal2CP for spinal block characteristics.

A prospective randomised double blinded study was conducted on 126 patients scheduled for short duration lower abdominal surgeries under spinal anaesthesia. They were randomised into 3 groups. Group C received 40µg of 1% 2CP while group F received 2CP + 25µg fentanyl; and group D received 2 CP + 10µgdexmedetomidine. Tactile and engine bar qualities, prerequisite of post usable absence of pain, haemodynamics and sedation score were evaluated.

The segment information, length of medical procedure, beginning of tangible square, an ideal opportunity to arrive at top tactile level were practically identical in every one of the three groups(P>0.05). Span of tactile & engine block & postoperative absence of pain was essentially delayed in bunch D versus bunch F & gathering C(P<0.001).

Intrathecal addition of dexmedetomidine (10µg) & fentanyl (25µg) to 1%2CP brought about an essentially delayed tangible & engine bar with postoperative absence of pain. However, dexmedetomidine was viewed as a preferable adjuvant over fentanyl as far as drawn out length of absence of pain with insignificant secondary effects.
Comparative evaluation of crystalloid coloading and colloid coloading for prevention of spinal anaesthesia induced hypotension in patients undergoing elective caesarian section
Authors: Ruparel Dipakkumar , Bisen Chayana , Patle Vijay , Wakode Rohini
Published: April 2022

The most prevalent consequence after a caesarean surgery is post-spinal hypotension. To avoid this, crystalloid or colloid cohydration might be utilized. We aimed to see how crystalloid and colloid coloading affected hemodynamics and neonatal outcome in patients undergoing elective caesarean section, following spinal anesthesia.

A total of 100 pregnant women were enrolled in this study, which were split into two groups of 50 each. Group A was given 10ml/kg Ringer Lactate (RL) And Group B patients received 10ml/kg 6% hetastarch coloading. Patients were monitored for Mean SBP, DBP, MAP, HR, SPO2, mean APGAR score of newborn at 1 and 5 minutes post delivery, the prevalence of nausea and vomiting as well as Vasopressor requirement.

The incidence of hypotension was higher in the crystalloid group, as was the need for Vasopressor, compared to the colloid group. The crystalloid group had a higher rate of nausea and vomitingIn the colloid group, hemodynamics such as SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR were more stable. However, as demonstrated by the APGAR score of 1 in both groups, there was no difference in neonatal outcome.

Colloid coloading is more effective method of preventing post spinal hypotension in patients undergoing caesarean section however combined use of Vasopressor and fluids seems to be more effective way of managing post spinal hypotension.
Comparative study of ultrasound assisted versus conventional surface landmark guided technique for combined spinal epidural anaesthesia in patients with increasaed body mass index and difficult surface anatomy of lower back and spinal deformity
Authors: P Chitrambika , Gupta Madhu , Khan Mohd Anas
Published: April 2022

Palpatory method is traditionally used in clinical practice to locate the puncture site of combined spinal epidural (CSE) block, but locating the puncture site accurately in obesity and patients with difficult landmark or spinal deformity is usually difficult. For a successful CSE block, the puncture site must be accurately identified. The goal of this study was to see how ultrasonography (USG) affected the success rate of CSE puncture in these patients.

This prospective randomized study included 100 patients requiring CSE (needle through needle technique) of American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade I/II, age 18-60years, obese (BMI upto 35 kg/m2), patients with difficult landmark, spinal deformity and were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Ultrasound assisted group (USG) (n=50) or Surface landmark group (SLG) (n=50). The primary outcome was to compare the first-pass needle success rate for establishing CSE, with secondary outcomes including the number of needle puncture attempts, time to establish landmarks (t1), time to complete CSE (t2), total procedure time (t), block associated pain and complications.

The USG group had a significantly greater first pass needle success rate (92%) than the SLG group (60%) p<0.001. The number of attempts to accomplish CSE in the USG group was lower than in the SLG group (p = 0.001). The USG group had a longer t1 (1.50±0.42) minutes than the SLG group (0.80±0.28), p<.0001. The USG group had a shorter t2 (1.60±0.45) than the SLG group (3.37±1.25) minutes (p <0.001). Block associated pain score was less in USG group as compared to SLG group (p=0.0003).

Preprocedural USG improves first pass needle success rate and reduces the number of needle puncture attempts, decrease the procedural time thus lowering the risk of trauma, block associated pain, and discomfort to the patient.
Considering simulation training to ensure patient safety for expert anesthesiologists over the age of 60 in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Daabiss Mohamed A , Jabali Saleha H , Shaalan Osama R , Alosaimi Maha M
Published: April 2022

Assessing older anesthesiologists' attitudes and knowledge regarding simulation training as part of their reemployment process in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. To assess their perception and understanding of how they think about simulation training during the recontracting process to ensure safe practice and patient safety.

The research team conducted a nonrandomized study with elderly anesthesiologists in five health facilities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from June 2018 to February 2019. We created a written format for a self-administered questionnaire; seventy responses were obtained from these anesthesiologists by using this survey.

77.14% of aged anesthesiologists performed clinical work and were on call for twenty-four hours. The process of reemployment varied. However, 37% of the anesthesiologists received the opportunity for reemployment through a recommendation from the department head. In addition, 79% of anesthesiologists felt that simulation should be introduced in either medical education or continuing education to identify and mitigate age-related problems.

Elderly anesthesiologists in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, are still fully involved in patient care and their duties, and they believe that simulation helps identify and mitigate age-related issues when it comes to their practice as medical professionals. Therefore, we believe it is time to reevaluate the reemployment process and consider simulation as an objective assessment tool to uncover incompetence, optimize skills, and help anesthesiologists plan for their future clinical careers. Further studies are also needed to cover all regions in the kingdom Saudi Arabia.
The efficacy of propofol and etomidate for sedation in endoscopic bronchial ultrasound- A randomized controlled study
Authors: Phalgune Deepak , Ghongate Ganesh , Gavel Naveen , Gosavi Rajendra
Published: April 2022

There is paucity of Indian data regarding the use of sedation for endobronchial ultrasound. We compared the efficacy of etomidate and propofol in patients undergoing endoscopic bronchial ultrasound for the achievement of satisfactory sedation.

Seventy patients aged more than 18 years posted for endoscopic bronchial ultrasound under sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic purpose were included in this randomised double- blind controlled study. Patients were randomly allocated to propofol and etomidate group. Comparison of cardiovascular adverse events and haemodynamic parameters were the primary objectives. Comparison of gag reflex, visual analogue scale score and recovery from sedation using Modified Aldrete Score were the secondary objectives.

Patient satisfaction in terms of visual analogue scale score was the same in both propofol and etomidate groups. Endoscopist’s satisfaction was significantly higher in etomidate group as compared to propofol group. The post-operative hypotension was significantly lower in etomidate group as compared to propofol group. The post-operative bradycardia was significantly lower in etomidate group as compared to propofol group.

Endoscopist’s satisfaction and the haemodynamic control was better in etomidate group as compared to propofol group during endobronchial ultrasound.
Canada: new approaches to the problem of sovereignty in the Arctic in the early 1970s
Authors: Volodin Dmitry
Published: April 2022

In 1970 Canada passed the Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act, which established a 100-mile maritime zone off its northern coast. To achieve recognition of this law at the UN Conference on the Law of the Sea, Canada acted in two ways. On the one hand, Canada developed and supported those concepts that gave coastal states the right to operate outside territorial waters. On the other hand, Canada sought the adoption of international documents to protect the marine environment from pollution.
2022 U.S. Middle Elections on the Threshold: a Gender Perspective
Authors: Shvedova Nadezhda
Published: April 2022

The next U.S. midterm elections are held in early November 2022. According to the US Constitution, voters will have to re-elect the House of Representatives (435 members), one-third of the Senate (33) of the U.S. Congress. Election campaigns will also take place in a number of states, where in some of them the fate of governors will be decided, and elected positions at the regional level of various branches of government. As always, there is a lot of work for American citizens on the electoral field, so the degree of tension is rising in the air regarding the very rules of procedure: how much voting will become fair and accessible to various segments of the electorate. Summing up and building, striving for the most approximate reality, forecasts regarding the results of the upcoming, in fact, the people's referendum on the "equatorial" period in power of the democratic administration of J. Biden. Players in the political field are engaged in an "inventory" of electoral resources, actualizing their capabilities, among which gender components occupy one of the most important niches in the political palette of American political life.
Petrology and Detail Geological Mapping of the Precambrian Basement Rocks of the Sn-Ta-Nb Numbi Deposit, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Parfait Mupenge M. , Nzolang Charles , Oyediran Ibrahim A. , Kasay Georges M.
Published: April 2022

The Numbi district of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has high mineral interest; it has been exploited for decades by small scale artisanal miners for rare metals such as Sn, W, Ta and Nb. This area was investigated to elucidate the petrology of the basement rocks and to make their detailed geological map. From the petrographical and geochemical analyses, six lithological units were characterized. Granite and schist were the two main lithologies with some associated smaller rock units such as amphibolite, diorite, quartzite and pegmatite. Biotite is the common mineral found in all lithologies. The granite displays the mineralogical assemblages with the abundance of muscovite, biotite, feldspar, plagioclase and quartz. Diorite and amphibolite display less amount of quartz. Hornblende is very abundant in the amphibolite; less is the schist and a very small amount in the granite. Feldspar is mostly found in the granite, quite found in the quartzite and less in the schist rocks. In adding to these mineral assemblages, accessory and opaque minerals (iron oxide) are in a very small amount. Pegmatite is mostly found as altered veins. Schist, quartzite and granite samples share the fields of granodiorite while diorite and amphibolite samples share the fields of diorite and gabbroic diorite on the total alkali-silicate classification diagram and ranged under intermediate and acidic rocks. The area is abundantly rich in rare metals (pegmatite with Nb-Ta-Sn mineralization) and is fairly suitable for quarry activities.
Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Analisis Fitokimia Ekstrak Metanol dari Daun Paku Sarang Burung (Asplenium nidus)
Authors: Wibowo Risky Hadi , Setiawan Redo , Darwis Welly , Sipriyadi Sipriyadi , Supriati Rochmah , Ginting Sinisuka Alfredi Anis Fadhila
Published: April 2022

Infectious diseases caused by microbes are increasing; the growth of microbes can be inhibited by using antibiotics. Continuous and inappropriate use of antibiotics causes microbes to become resistant. The resistance can be reduced by finding new sources of antibiotics, one of which is from the bird nest fern (Asplenium nidus). This study aimed to determine the potency and concentration of A. Nidus extract in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659. The extract was prepared using the maceration method with methanol as the solvent. Phytochemical tests include alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolics, tannins, and quinones. The minimum inhibitory concentration test was carried out on 12 treatments with three replications; the antimicrobial effectiveness test was carried out on seven treatments with five replications using the disc diffusion method. Phytochemical test results showed A. Nidus contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolics. A. nidus extract has the potential to inhibit the growth of the testing pathogenic bacteria, with the most effective concentration on P. aeruginosa of 45% with an inhibitory zone was about 14,16 mm, on E. Coli started of 55% with an inhibitory zone was about 13,68 mm, on B. Subtilis of 65% with an inhibitory zone was about 14,80 mm and S. aureus was 75% with an inhibitory zone of 11,96 mm.

 

Keywords: antibiotics, Asplenium nidus, Infectious disease
LINC00342 induces metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by targeting miR-15b/TPBG
Authors: Su Hang , Yu Shichang , Sun Fashi , Lin Di , Liu Peng , Zhao Liang
Published: April 2022

In this study, the function and regulation of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00342 in lung adenocarcinoma were investigated. From The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, LINC00342 was found to be up-regulated in lung adenocarcinoma. The high expression of LINC00342 was also validated in lung cancer cell lines. LINC00342 induced invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of A549 cells. By analyzing GEO datasets, TPBG was confirmed positively correlated to LINC00342 and highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma. In addition, TPBG induced invasion and EMT process of A549 cells. Through bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assay, miR-15b was validated as a direct target of both LINC00342 and TPBG. Ectopic miR-15 expression repressed LINC00342 and TPBG. Interestingly, LINC00342 overexpression inhibited miR-15b and induced TPBG, whereas ectopic TPBG unchanged LINC00342 and miR-15b levels. In conclusion, LINC00342 promotes metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma through inducing TPBG targeted by miR-15b.
Tourism as a Driver of Rural Socio-Economic Development: The Case of Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary
Authors: Baah-Mintah Richard , Owusu-Adjei Ellen , Hiamey Stephen E
Published: April 2022

Many countries especially developing ones like Ghana see tourism as a conduit for socio-economic development. This paper aims to examine stakeholders’ perceptions of the socio-economic effect of the Buabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary. To achieve this aim, research was carried out into the role of tourism (a Monkey Sanctuary) in promoting rural socio-economic development in Ghana. The systematic sampling and purposive sampling methods were used to select 265 household heads and 11 key informants respectively from the Boabeng and Fiema communities. The questionnaire, interview guide, and observation were mainly used to collect data from respondents. The main finding reveals a community’s acceptance of tourism as having the potential to promote rural socio-economic development. However, this potential is challenged by the activities of the monkeys, destroying farm crops and properties coupled with an infrastructural deficit in the area. Implications are outlined for policymakers and the management of the wildlife sanctuary.
Meta-Analysis 2020: A Dire Alert and a Fix
Authors: J Shuster Jonathan
Published: April 2022

It is hard to believe that mainstream meta-analysis, whose primary objective is to provide a summary estimate of effect size from a set of completed studies, has a major flaw. Yet because the mainstream treats weights and/or sample sizes as constants, rather than unequivocally seriously random variables, this is exactly the situation. Further, the mainstream random effects model does not permit association between weights and effect size, which if false, can lead to major bias. For the following scenarios, we provide a fix, relying on ratio estimation from cluster sampling, to produce simple and valid asymptotic methods for the following scenarios: Estimation of means or proportions, differences of means or proportion from randomized trials, estimation of relative risk from randomized trials, and repeated measures Bland-Altman studies aimed at replacing invasive by non-invasive measures. One horror story for mainstream methods saw a highly significant result in a major study become insignificant when we kept the study point estimates the same but universally cut the study standard errors by 30%. With over 1400 meta-analyses papers published per month in 2019, it is essential to use this paper as a springboard to mitigate this situation.
Correlación entre circunferencia de cuello y otros parámetros antropométricos en peruanos de zonas urbanas
Authors:   , Pérez Albela Rodríguez Marcela , Vásquez Pereira Maria Paz
Published: April 2022

Introducción: La circunferencia de cuello (CCu) es una medida útil para evaluar riesgo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. El objetivo fue determinar la correlación y establecer los mejores puntos de corte que correspondan entre CCu e Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y Circunferencia de Cintura (CCi). Métodos: Se utilizó la base de datos de Perú del Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición y Salud (ELANS). Se evaluó por sexo: (i) la correlación de Pearson entre CCu e IMC y CCi, (ii) la Sensibilidad (Se) y Especificidad (Sp) para sobrepeso y obesidad (IMC) y para obesidad central (CCi), con el Índice de Youden. Resultados: Se encontró correlación fuerte por sexo entre CCu y CCi (hombres: r=0,81 y mujeres: r=0,80) y moderada entre CCu e IMC (r=0,80 y r=0,76 respectivamente). El punto de corte para definir sobrepeso/obesidad por CCu (IMC≥25.0 kg/m2) en hombres fue 36,95 cm y en mujeres 32,85 cm (Se: 81% y 78%; Sp: 77% y 88%, respectivamente), para obesidad (IMC≥30.0 kg/m2) fue 39,15 cm para hombres y 33.85 cm para mujeres (Se: 92% y 88%; Sp: de 84% y 73%, respectivamente) y para obesidad central fue 38,65 cm en hombres y 32,75 cm para mujeres (Se: 80% y 77%; Sp: de 89% y 89%, respectivamente). Conclusión: Se encontró una correlación fuerte entre CCu y CCi y moderada entre CCu e IMC. La CCu es una medida práctica y poco invasiva. Podría ser usada en salud pública para identificar riesgo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles.
Social Protection During Covid Times: Research for Building Forward Better
Authors: Huq Aurin
Published: April 2022

This research briefing summarises priority areas for future research and key stakeholders with whom to engage, as identified in the scoping paper "Social Protection During Covid Times: Research for Building Forward Better" by Muhammad Shahadat Hossain Siddiquee, Avinno Faruk and Imran Matin from the BRAC Institute of Governance and Development (BIGD). The scoping paper and this briefing were commissioned for the Covid-19 Learning, Evidence and Research Programme in Bangladesh (CLEAR). CLEAR aims to build a consortium of research partners to deliver policy-relevant research and evidence for Bangladesh to support the Covid-19 response and inform preparation for future shocks.
Impacts of Covid-19 on SRHR and MNCH in Bangladesh
Authors: Huq Aurin
Published: April 2022

This research briefing summarises priority areas for future research as identified in the scoping paper "SRHR and MNCH in Bangladesh: A Scoping Review on the Impacts of the Covid-19 Pandemic" by Tabitha Hrynick, Violet Barasa and Syed Abbas from the Institute of Development Studies (IDS). The scoping paper and this briefing were commissioned for the Covid-19 Learning, Evidence and Research Programme in Bangladesh (CLEAR). CLEAR aims to build a consortium of research partners to deliver policy-relevant research and evidence for Bangladesh to support the Covid-19 response and inform preparation for future shocks. SRHR = sexual and reproductive health and rights; MNCH = maternal, neonatal and child health.
Symmetry reductions of Lindblad equations – simple examples and applications
Authors:   University of Nottingham, Karabanov A.A.
Published: April 2022

Open quantum dynamics in the Markovian approximation is described by the Lindblad master equation. The Lindbladian dynamics is closed in the Lie algebra Λ = su(n), i.e. it has su(n) symmetry. We say that the Lindblad equation admits a symmetry reduction if it has an invariant vector subspace Λ0 ⊂Λ with the Lie algebraic structure. Symmetry reductions restrict dynamics to smaller subspaces that additionally are Lie algebras. In these notes, trivial reductions relying onthe reducibility of the Hamiltonian and Lindblad operators are described. Examples of nontrivial reductions in the infinite temperature limit and the parity preserving Majorana reductions are presented. Applicationsto open spin dynamics are discussed.
Sustainability problems of circular arcs with non-retaining links
Authors:   Institute of Physics and Mathematics FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Tarasov V.N.
Published: April 2022

The work deals with the problems of stability of arches and arch systems supported by inextensible threads that cannot withstand compressive forces. These questions relate to contact problems of elastic structures with an unknown region of active interaction of their elements, and the study is reduced to the search and analysis of bifurcation points ofsolutions to variational problems in the presence of inequality constraints on the sought functions. The paper considers the problem of stability of an arch supported by threads, one end of which is attached to some point of the arch, the other to the projection of this point on the chord connecting its ends. In the numerical solution, the problem is reducedto finding a load parameter in which the nonconvex quadratic programming problem with constraints on variables in the form of inequalities has a non-unique solution. Numerical calculations have shown that even with a small number of reinforcing threads, the critical load approximately doubles.
URBAN AND RURAL EPIPHANIES: RECAPTURING NATURE WITHIN A RUS IN URBE SETTING
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland, Lachezarova Zornitsa
Published: April 2022

The contemplation of cityscapes often leads to poetic mirages of the urban oasis: a place that is constructed as a bricolage of the poet’s experience within a rural setting. The poet as a castaway from the safe country landmarks of their poetic material becomes aware of new creative potencies. This paper considers John Archer’s ideas on the rus in urbe phenomenon about its manifestation in the poems of Patrick Kavanagh and Dimcho Debelyanov. The analysis of several poems follows the recaptured texture of the rural within the urban as a form of epiphany, where the poet reaches beyond the established tropes of longing for the lost countryside of the past and settles into a world of pristine contemplation of the present. The synthesized experience of the rus in the urbe setting lends a new perspective on a poetic past and offers a re-evaluation of the image and conceptualization of the city and its attributes.
Frasnian reef mounds in the Durbuy–Bomal area (eastern border of the Dinant Synclinorium, Belgium)
Authors: BOULVAIN FRÉDÉRIC , DEMAUDE NICOLAS , TOUSSAINT FANNY , COEN-AUBERT MARIE
Published: April 2022

This paper focuses on the Frasnian reefal development in the eastern border of the Dinant Synclinorium. Classical sections from the Durbuy–Bomal area were reevaluated for lithostratigraphy, microfacies, magnetic susceptibility (MS) and diagenesis. As regards the middle Frasnian succession, the studied area is located in a transitional zone between the Pont de la Folle/Philippeville Formations and the Moulin Liénaux/Grand Breux Formations. This succession is topped by Petit-Mont Member reef mounds. Massive mound microfacies are characteristic of the Petit-Mont and Lion Members, with fossil associations respectively dominated (from deepest to shallowest) by sponges; sponges, crinoids and corals; corals, crinoids, stromatoporoids and cyanobacteria; and microbes. Flank and off-mound microfacies consist of microbioclastic, bioclastic, crinoidal or lithoclastic bedded limestones. MS values are related to the depositional environment and regularly decrease from the off-mound to the reef mound microfacies. The reef mound diagenetic sequence is similar to that identified in other Petit-Mont buildups: cementation in the marine phreatic zone preliminary to drowning, then the development of a meteoric lens at the time of a marine regression, with dysoxic facies in the distal zones of the aquifer and, finally burial cementation and dolomitization during the Variscan tectonism.
Spontaneous Anterior Atlas Fracture Following C1 Laminectomy without Fusion: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Seong-Gon , Shin Myung-Hoon , Kim Jong-Tae , Choi Du-Yong
Published: April 2022

C1 laminectomy without fusion (CLWF) is a widely accepted minimally invasive surgical technique to decompress the spinal cord around the craniovertebral junction. In the case presented herein, a 46-year-old man experienced a fracture of the anterior arch of the atlas that occurred during the postoperative period following CLWF to treat cervical myelopathy associated with a retro-odontoid pseudotumor. The findings demonstrate that disruption of the integrity of the posterior arch of the atlas confers an increased risk of anterior arch fracture. Although CLWF is a good surgical option for treating stable cervical myelopathy associated with a retro-odontoid pseudotumor, posterior decompression and fusion could be beneficial for patients with a relatively high inferior facet angle of C1-2 and subaxial arthrodesis.
Deep Learning for Latent Space Data Assimilation in Subsurface Flow Systems
Authors: Mohd Razak Syamil , Jahandideh Atefeh , Djuraev Ulugbek , Jafarpour Behnam
Published: April 2022

We present a new deep learning architecture for efficient reduced-order implementation of ensemble data assimilation in learned low-dimensional latent spaces. Specifically, deep learning is used to improve two important aspects of data assimilation workflows: (i) low-rank representation of complex reservoir property distributions for geologically consistent feature-based model updating, and (ii) efficient prediction of the statistical information that are required for model updating. The proposed method uses deep convolutional autoencoders (AEs) to nonlinearly map the original complex and high-dimensional parameters onto a low-dimensional parameter latent space that compactly represents the original parameters. In addition, a low-dimensional data latent space is constructed to predict the observable response of each model parameter realization, which can serve as a proxy model in the latent space to compute the statistical information needed for data assimilation. The two mappings are developed as a joint deep learning architecture with two variational AEs (VAEs) that are connected and trained together. The training procedure uses an ensemble of model parameters and their corresponding production response predictions. Simultaneous training of the two mappings leads to a joint data-parameter manifold that captures the most salient information in the two spaces for effective data assimilation, where only relevant data and parameter features are included. Moreover, the parameter-to-data mapping provides a fast forecast model that can be used to significantly increase the ensemble size in data assimilation, without the corresponding computational overhead. We apply the developed approach to a series of numerical experiments, including a 3D example based on the Volve field in the North Sea. For data assimilation methods that involve iterative schemes, such as the ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (ESMDA) or iterative forms of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), the proposed approach offers a computationally competitive alternative. Our results suggest that a fully low-dimensional implementation of ensemble data assimilation in effectively constructed latent spaces using deep learning architectures could offer several advantages over the standard algorithms, including joint data-parameter reduction that respects the salient features in each space, geologically consistent feature-based updates, as well as increased ensemble size to improve the accuracy and computational efficiency of calculating the required statistics for the update step.