bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam Digitalisasi Dakwah
Authors: Habibullah Muhammad
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence dalam digitalisasi dakwah yang menjadi diskusi bagi kalangan ulama dan cendekiawan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pemanfaatan AI dalam dakwah, bagaimana tantangan dalam implementasinya, serta bagaimana perhatian terhadap etika. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Kualitatif, penelitian kepustakaan (library research), Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan model Miles and Huberman yaitu, data reduction, data display, dan conclusion drawing/ verification. Dalam penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa AI dapat dimanfaatkan mulai dari proses perencanaan, pelaksanaan hingga ke pengelolaan aktivitas dakwah. Para da’i harus mengetahui dan dapat memanfaatkan ilmu pengetahuan modern, termasuk AI, agar mereka dapat melawan efek negatifnya dan juga memanfaatkannya untuk kepentingan dakwah. Implementasi AI dalam konteks dakwah memerlukan pemahaman teknis dan infrastruktur yang memadai. Ada beberapa tantangan yang perlu dipertimbangkan saat menggunakan AI dalam dakwah, serta munculnya Resistensi terhadap penggunaan AI dalam dakwah. Penggunaan AI dalam dakwah juga memunculkan pertanyaan tentang etika dan moralitas. Bagaimana kita dapat memastikan bahwa teknologi ini digunakan dengan memperhatikan nilai-nilai agama dan moralitas yang dianut oleh masyarakat. Kita harus mampu memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi AI, tanpa mengorbankan nilai-nilai etika dan moralitas kita.
Mengatasi Permasalahan Administrasi Pernikahan dan Kependudukan Melalui Inovasi Pelayanan Publik Jalan Berdua di Kota Pasuruan
Authors: Aulia Annisa Nabila  , Ali Roziqin  , Muhammad Kamil
Published: July 2024

The marriage registration process is one of the important stages in validating a marriage legally. This process often requires complex efforts, takes time and costs significant money, especially for couples who come from areas far from population administration offices or religious courts. To overcome this challenge, the Pasuruan City Government has introduced an innovative Double Road service. This service allows couples to register their marriage as well as change their marital status on their Family Card and Electronic KTP documents. This second road innovation has the impact of improving population administration services regarding changes in marital status on Family Cards and Electronic KTPs. This research aims to describe the problems that arise in the Innovation program and the efforts made to overcome the problems that arise in the Dual Road Innovation program in Pasuruan City. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with primary and secondary data sources. Primary data was obtained through interviews, observation and documentation related to Jalan Berdua innovation. Secondary data is in the form of documents related to research. Data collection techniques involve observation, open interviews, and documentation. This research will provide an overview of the problems faced in implementing the Double Road Innovation in Pasuruan City and the efforts that have been made to overcome them. The results of this research are: Overall, the Jalan Berdua program in Pasuruan City is a successful example of how innovation in population administration services can improve efficiency, accessibility, community satisfaction, inter-agency cooperation, and effective use of data.
Implementasi Kebijakan Program Magang MSIB Batch 5 Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Project Business Researcher di PT Indekstat Konsultan Indonesia
Authors: Putri Dewanti Arinta , Abdul Rahman  , Nida Handayani
Published: July 2024

The Merdeka Learning Program at Kampus Merdeka is a flexible learning model in higher education designed to encourage innovative learning and adapt to student needs. One of them is an internship program at MSIB partner companies, which is an initiative of Kampus Merdeka to help students prepare for the world of work. PT Indekstat Konsultan Indonesia is one of the partners of this program, with the aim of improving the quality of soft skills and hard skills to be able to work culturally to meet the needs of the capabilities of researchers who are ready to work in the research and data science industry.  This research uses a qualitative case study approach, including interviews, observation, documentation, and review of relevant literature. The theory employed is George C. Edward III with signs of successful implementation, which are: (1) communication, (2) resources, (3) disposition, and (4) bureaucratic structure. The results showed that PT Indekstat Konsultan Indonesia has not implemented the MSIB Batch 5 program policy optimally.
Pengaruh Brand Image Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen Produk Body Care Herborist di Sidoarjo
Authors: Risqy Maudy Inayah  , Dhinda Lintang Cahya Gumilang  , Zahra Nur Annisa  , Nindya Kartika Kusmayati  , Noneng R. Sukatmadiredja
Published: July 2024

Studi ini berupaya menilai bagaimana citra merek produk perawatan tubuh Herborist berdampak pada pilihan pembelian konsumen. Citra merek mencakup persepsi terhadap kualitas produk, keamanan, kebersihan, dan efektivitas, yang semuanya merupakan faktor penting yang mempengaruhi preferensi konsumen. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, penelitian ini mengumpulkan data melalui kuesioner online yang disebar melalui Google Form, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 43 responden. Temuan penelitian ini terbukti valid dan reliabel, memenuhi asumsi normalitas serta bebas dari heteroskedastisitas dan autokolinearitas. Dari data tersebut diperoleh model linier sederhana Y = -0,733 + 0,852X + e yang menunjukkan bahwa citra merek (X) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Untuk mempertahankan atau meningkatkan keputusan pembelian, perusahaan harus terus menyempurnakan strategi pemasaran mereka untuk memastikan efektivitas dan menghasilkan hasil positif dalam mempengaruhi perilaku konsumen.
Menilik Dampak Kebijakan Peningkatan PPN 11% Pada Masyarakat Indonesia Sesuai UU No. 7 Tahun 2021 tentang Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan
Authors: Nabila Septia Rosa
Published: July 2024

One of the important fiscal instruments for Indonesia's state revenue is taxes, which are used to achieve development targets. The decline in social activity due to the pandemic has impacted income tax receipts, potentially weakening the country's taxation sector and overall economic growth. Government regulations refer to unstable economic conditions so that new policies have been realized and passed in accordance with UU No.7 Tahun 2021 tentang kenaikan pajak pertambahan nilai (PPN) menjadi 11 %. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of the 11% PPN increase policy which took effect on April 1, 2022 for the people of Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative method of literature study, using secondary data sources obtained from books, supporting articles, scientific papers, previous studies and other literature. The increase in PPN rates has an impact on all levels of society, especially those in the lower middle class because PPN is applied objectively, regardless of the status or income of the tax object. But in reality, this policy has a positive effect on Indonesia's economic growth followed by an increase in public consumption, so that tax revenue is able to make a significant contribution to state revenue.
Analisis Penilaian Kinerja Karyawan Studi Pada Waiters Cafe Belly Buddy dengan Metode Behaviorally Anchor Rating Scale
Authors: Rizal Nazarudin A  , Herman  , Arie Ambarwati
Published: July 2024

In the world of work, employee performance appraisal has an important role. This relates to decisions that will be taken by the company, related to the performance of its employees. As is the case with Cafe Belly Buddy, which is one of the culinary business ventures in Surabaya, is a company that of course conducts performance appraisals or evaluations for its employees. The method used by the current management of Cafe Belly Buddy is to carry out an evaluation process once every 3 (three) months, and the basis for the assessment has not used a structured method, so it is felt that it is still considered ineffective. This is because there are still many employees who consider formality, assessment is subjective, there are no clear and measurable standards, as well as feedback on employee performance achievements. As a result, employees feel uncomfortable and unmotivated at work. To overcome this, the authors compiled an employee performance assessment based on the method, namely using the Behaviorally Anchor Rating Scale (BARS) method. The Behaviorally Anchor Rating Scale (BARS) method can overcome the problem of evaluating employee performance which tends to be subjective in this case it can be used to meet the company's need for standards and feedback in employee performance appraisals. For this reason, the Behaviorally Anchor Rating Scale (BARS) method will be implemented for the waiters/waitress division which currently requires review and improvement in its performance process. By using this method, it is expected to be able to solve the problem of assessing the performance of waiters at Cafe Belly Buddy, so that finally employees can work comfortably and full of motivation and enthusiasm in carrying out their performance.
Pengaruh Labelisasi Halal dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian: Studi Pada Produk Susu Sapi Merek Tharwa
Authors: Ramadhani Nurul , Herman  , Febrina Hambalah
Published: July 2024

This research was conducted to find out how much influence Halal Labeling and Prices have on Purchasing Decisions for Tharwa Brand Cow's Milk products. This research was conducted using quantitative methods. This research was conducted in Surabaya with the criteria of respondents being all buyers of Tharwa Cow Milk. The sampling technique was carried out using non-probability sampling and accidental sampling techniques with a sample of 96 respondents, and data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Science) Version 25.0. The results of this study can be concluded that: 1) halal labeling has no significant effect on purchasing decisions; 2) price has a significant effect on purchasing decisions; 3) Halal labeling and price together have a significant effect on product purchasing decisions on Cow's Milk
Keywords: Halal Labeling, Price and Purchase Decision.
Pengaruh Kompetensi dan Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Airport Security PT. Angkasa Pura I Bandara Internasional Juanda Surabaya
Authors: Putri Sariva Hamiidah Yulintyani  , Setya Prihatiningtyas  , Chasan Azari
Published: July 2024

Study aims to determine the effect of competence and compensation on the performance of Airport Security employees of PT. Angkasa Pura I Juanda International Airport Surabaya using quantitative methods with a casual relationship approach. The sampling technique used is Stratified Random Sampling. The total population is 111 employees with a sample of 53 employees of the Airport Security section of PT. Angkasa Pura I Juanda International Airport Surabaya. The results of this study proved that the partial test (t-test) of the Competency variable (X1) obtained a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05 and tcount 3,824 > table 2,009 which had a significant effect, while the partial test (t-test) of the Compensation variable (X2) obtained a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05 and the tcount test of 7,942 > table 2,009 which had a significant effect. Simultaneously (Test F) by obtaining significant values of 0.000 > alpha 0.05 and Fcalculate 108. 844 > a value of Ftable 3.18 means that it has a significant effect on employee performance. The importance of attention to employee competency development and compensation system improvement as a strategy to improve performance in the Airport Security sector of PT. Angkasa Pura I Juanda International Airport Surabaya. This research is expected to provide guidance for PT Angkasa Pura in designing more effective human resource policies, focusing on developing employee competencies and improving the compensation system.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Masyarakat di Dinas Sosial Provinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Syahbani Ahmad , Kartika Kusmayati Nindya , Dhyah Wulansari
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study is to determine how public satisfaction at the Social Service Office of East Java Province is influenced by service quality. A quantitative strategy involving the investigation of hypotheses related to public satisfaction and service quality is the research technique used. The sample, consisting of 35 respondents, represents the research population, which includes individuals receiving assistance from the Social Service Office of East Java Province. A questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability, free from heteroskedasticity, multicollinearity, and normally distributed, is the research tool used. Data were tested using standard linear regression techniques in SPSS 29.0.2.0. The equation Y = 7.669 + 0.765X was obtained using basic linear regression analysis. The research results reveal that high-quality services significantly affect public satisfaction. The determination coefficient of 63.4% indicates that although other factors influence the remaining percentage, service quality impacts public satisfaction. This suggests that the better the service quality, the higher the public satisfaction provided. Therefore, to consistently improve the level of public satisfaction, the Social Service Office of East Java Province must continuously enhance its service quality.
Tingkat Kesesuaian Penyusunan Rencana Kerja Perangkat Daerah Berdasarkan Permendagri Nomor 86 Tahun 2017
Authors: Hosnan Efendi  , Mohammad Natsir
Published: July 2024

Konsistensi antara kebijakan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah dilakukan melalui verifikasi atas Dokumen Rencana Pembangunan pada tingkat Perangkat Daerah. Verifikasi dokumen dimaksud dilaksanakan atas Rancangan Awal dan Rancangan Akhir Renja Perangkat Daerah yang terintegrasi dengan tahapan penyusunan RKPD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan dan menganalisis tingkat kesesuaian substansi Renja Perangkat Daerah berdasarkan Permendagri Nomor 86 tahun 2017 serta rumusan strategi untuk meningkatkan kesesuaian Rencana Kerja Perangkat Daerah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif, dengan melakukan observasi dan wawancara kepada Kepala Bidang dan Fungsional Perencana pada Bappeda Litbang serta Fungsional Perencana pada Perangkat Daerah lingkup Bidang Ekonomi. Hasil analisis data kualitatif yang telah dikumpulkan menunjukkan bahwa Renja PD dari 5 (lima) Perangkat Daerah lingkup Bidang Ekonomi pada Bappeda Litbang Kota Probolinggo hanya ada 1 (satu) Perangkat Daerah yang memiliki tingat kesesuaian tinggi yaitu DKPPP sebesar 85,71%, sedangkan 4 (empat) Perangkat Daerah yang lain memiliki tingkat kesesuaian rendah di bawah 50%. Hal tersebut tidak lepas dari beberapa kendala/permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh Perangkat Daerah dalam penyusunan Renja PD, diantaranya adalah belum adanya komitmen dari Perangkat Daerah, keterbatasan waktu dalam penyusunan Renja PD, kurangnya pemahaman Perangkat Daerah terhadap substansi penyusunan Renja PD yang sesuai dengan Permendagri Nomor 86 Tahun 2017 dan kurangnya komunikasi dan koordinasi dalam internal Perangkat Daerah.
Evaluasi Formatif Program Rumah Pintar Pemilu: Pembelajaran Dari KPU Bengkulu 2018-2023
Authors: Septianda Hendarno Dimas , Yogopriyatno Jatmiko
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan Evaluasi Program Rumah Pintar Pemilu dilihat tujuan program dan hasil luaran program yakni output dan outcome Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitain deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentusi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Aspek penelitian diadopsi dari teori evaluasi Wayne Parsons yang terdiri dari dua aspek yakni output dan outcom. Hasil Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh penulis, menunjukan Program Rumah Pintar Pemilu belum optimal dikarenakan 1). masyarakat Bengkulu yang enggan berpatisipasi di dalam pemilu dan mampu meningkatkan partisipasi serta meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat terkait pemilu dan demokrasi. 2). terdapat beberapa kegiatan belum terlaksana dengan baik. 3) program kegiatan yang baru beberapa dijalankan sehingga dampak yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat juga belum maksimal. Sehingga penulis merekomendasikan agar program rumah pintar pemilu ditahun berikutnya dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik dan melakukan perekrutan kader sehingga tidak kekurangan sumber daya manusia dalam menjalankan kegiatan rumah pintar pemilu
The Human Microbiome and Mental Health: the Latest Views
Authors: Artyomenko Volodymyr , Zhovtenko Olesia , Stasii Yana , Piron-Dumitrascu Madalina
Published: July 2024

Mental health is the emotional, psychological, and social well-being of a person who feels protected, needed, realizes his abilities, and can overcome life’s stresses.
Mental disorders (MD) are a serious health problem worldwide today, which lead to a significant medical burden and economic losses for both medical institutions and patients and their families. Today, MD are one of the priority directions in the daily practice of Ukrainian doctors. MD can include anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, eating disorders, etc.
Recently, the attention of scientists and doctors has been paid to the interaction between the microbiome and mental health. The researches which are aimed at defining what is a healthy microbiome have revealed significant individual differences in its composition and diversity. It has been established that a certain composition of the gut microbiome (GM) is associated with the development of anxiety disorders.
Research results show that patients and animal models (mice) with anxiety disorders have a dramatic decrease in microbial richness and diversity. Patients with anxiety disorder typically had reduced Firmicutes and increased Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria. In addition, GM changes were associated with the onset and development of depressive disorder. Differences in the composition of fecal microbiota in patients with major depressive disorder were revealed.
The main methods of MD treatment today are pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, which have limited effectiveness. However, practitioners are looking for alternative ways to help such patients. The results of many studies indicate that prebiotics (e.g., dietary fiber and alpha lactalbumin) as well as postbiotics show a protective effect on mental health, especially when used in combination. At the same time, prebiotics may be a potential agent for alleviating the side effects of antipsychotics used in the treatment of MD.
More experimental researches and high-quality clinical trials are needed to study the effects of dietary components on MD through the brain–gut–microbiome axis.
Prospects for the Application of Nephroprotectors of Plant Origin Based on Lespedeza bicolor
Authors: Zaychenko Ganna , Kyslychenko Viktoriia , Protska Viktoriia , Fedosov Andrii , Simonov Pavlo
Published: July 2024

Chronic kidney disease is a significant risk factor for the development of various non communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. Every year there is a tendency to increase the number of patients with urinary system diseases. Chronic kidney disease is a global medical and social problem that leads to early disability of the working population.
Today, scientists are focusing considerable attention on the search for new drugs with hypo azotheamine activity, as it is important to slow down the progress of chronic kidney disease. Herbal medicines are promising for the prevention and treatment of such pathologies. Plants with proven significant hypo-azotemic activity and safety include representatives of the genus Lespedeza, in particular, Lespedeza capitata and Lespedeza bicolor.
The objective: to review the literature on the chemical composition and biological action of Lespedeza capitata, Lespedeza bicolor and the prospects for the use of a domestic medicinal product based on the herb Lespedeza bicolor as a hypoazotemic agent.
Results. According to the literature, the chemical composition of Lespedeza capitata and Lespedeza bicolor differs slightly and is represented by flavonoids, procyanidins, hydroxycinnamic acids, etc. The therapeutic effect of these plants is associated primarily with the glycosides quercetin, luteolin (isorientin, vitexin) and kaempferol (robinin).
It has been found that the complex of biologically active substances included in the preparation has nephro- and hepatoprotective, hypo-azotemic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects and is promising in the treatment of many diseases of the urinary system.
Conclusions. Literature sources indicate that the extracts from the shoots of Lespedeza capitata and from the herb Lespedeza bicolor are similar in chemical composition and pharmacological properties. Ethanol extracts based on Lespedeza capitata and Lespedeza bicolor have a long history of use and are characterised by proven hypo-azotemic, nephroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. They are successfully used for the prevention and treatment of chronic renal failure, acute and chronic nephritis and extrarenal azotemia.
The complex of biologically active substances contained in herbal remedies helps to increase renal filtration, reduce azotemia, increase diuresis, enhance sodium excretion and, to a lesser extent, potassium excretion.
Preventive Medical Examinations of Children’s Vision Functions as a Guarantee of Maintaining Ophthalmological Health
Authors: Denysiuk Liubov , Medvedovska Natalia
Published: July 2024

The objective: retrospective study of the dynamics of the prevalence of ophthalmic pathology and the effectiveness of preventive diagnostic examinations of visual functions in children of different age groups.
Materials and methods. To conduct the study we used data from reporting forms 12, 14, 19 and 31-health from the official statistical reporting of the Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Construction of dynamic series for retrospective analysis and finding out the presence of established trends covered a 15-year research period from 2003 to 2017. During the research, such methods as medical-statistical one, content analysis, system approach and system analysis were used.
Results. According to the results of the study, it was found that the prevalence of eye diseases and its accessory apparatus increases with the age of the child, having the lowest value in the age group of children 0–6 years old (3.0±0.685%) and the highest rate was in the age group of adolescents 15–17 years (8.0±0.651%). A comparison of the prevalence refractive errors values, in particular myopia, among preschool children according to the results of 2017 shows an increased indicator with the age of children by almost 10 times (p<0.0001).
A retrospective analysis of the formation of indicators dynamics of the visual impairment in children frequency detection in different ages revealed a tendency towards an increase in the values of the indicator in the age group of 7-year-old children and a significant increase in the age group of older adolescents (15–17 years) from 69.5 cases per 1000 examined children of this age in 2003 to 86.77 similar cases in 2017.
Conclusions. The increasing prevalence of diagnosed disorders of visual functions among children who started school at the age of 7 years and school adolescents of 9-10 classes the expediency of paying attention to preventive diagnostic ophthalmological examinations and primary prevention measures among these age groups. Primary prevention, including the elimination of controlled risk factors for the development of visual impairments among the children’s population, is a necessary task, the implementation of which requires the combined efforts of all adults who are close to children, parents, teachers, doctors of all levels (primary and specialized ophthalmic) medical care.
Features of Constipation Syndrome Management in Elderly and Senile Patients in General Medical Practice (Literature Review)
Authors: Kryskiv Olha , Babinets Liliia , Halabitska Iryna
Published: July 2024

Constipation in old age ppatients is most often caused by disorders of the digestive tract (DT) and, less often, by the use of medications that affect it. One of the reasons that cause problems with bowel movements is a nutritional disorder. It is known that people in old age eat less. The amount of dietary fiber and the amount of water consumed in the diet are reduced. This leads to a decrease in liquid in the stool masses, which become harder. A significant decrease in motor activity of a person, in particular due to both somatic diseases and mental disorders, causes the development of pathology.
Usually, such patients are prescribed cardiac glycosides, sleeping pills, analgesics, and antidepressants. It is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the psyche of the elderly and senile persons. Loneliness and social isolation combined with depression or egocentrism, as well as poor memory, have a negative impact on a person at this age. It should be taken into account that often elderly and senile patients have their own system of views on treatment and this can make it difficult for them to understand each other with the doctor.
Due to biological, medical and social challenges, elderly patients are one of the most vulnerable population groups. At the same time, they are the main consumers of medicines. Therefore, it is very important that the prescribed treatment for constipation is the most rational and safe, taking into account the side effects of drug therapy of the main and concomitant diseases.
Compliance with the specified requirements guarantees the safe use of medicinal products, prevents the development of their side effects, and contributes to the continuation of an active and healthy lifestyle of gerontological and geriatric patients.
CLEAN: Confounding Latent Embedding Adjustment for Networks
Authors: Fuca Lingyu , Liu Howard , Desmarais Bruce
Published: July 2024

Political scientists are often interested in studying the spread of behavior, attitude, or movementacross units (e.g., voters, legislators, countries), over some form of network (e.g., conversation, collaboration, alliances). To identify spread (i.e., contagion, diffusion), it is necessary to control for the fact that units that are alike, or naturally tend towards the same behaviors/attitudes, are more likely to tie in the first place (i.e., control for homophily). Separating contagion from homophily is a long-lastingchallenge in social networks research. Over the past few decades, the methodological literature on thistopic has indicated that it is very challenging to separate these two network effects from each other inobservational data. However, in a recent paper, McFowland and Shalizi (2023, Journal of the AmericanStatistical Association, 118(541), 707–718) propose a methodology to address this challenge by inferringand adjusting for latent variables that confound inferences. Through a method that draws upon common cluster-analysis approaches applied to network data, this method successfully separates social influence from homophily. We term this methodology confounding latent embedding adjustment for networks (CLEAN). We illustrate the properties of CLEAN via simulation, and further assess its statistical power. We then apply CLEAN to replication data from articles in international politics to test its substantive power. We conclude with a discussion on how this method can be effectively applied to the substantive scenarios where contagion and homophily are mixed in a complex manner.
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Authors: Dr.Sandeep
Published: July 2024

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Risk and Protective Factors Affecting Children's Socioemotional Skills in the First Year Post-Pandemic
Authors: Zuniga-Montanez Cecilia , Lisauskaite Elena , Hutchinson Jo , Fricke Silke , Bowyer-Crane Claudine
Published: July 2024

Research has shown that the Covid-19 pandemic negatively impacted children's socioemotional development. This study explored children’s socioemotional skills one year after restrictions were lifted and explored which individual, family and school factors influenced their socioemotional skills in the summer of 2022. Children enrolled in Reception and Key Stage 1 were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in spring and summer. Children’s home learning environment and parent/carer wellbeing were assessed through a questionnaire. Children’s and school’s demographics were obtained through a governmental database. Results showed that most children had SDQ scores in the expected range at both timepoints. Further analyses showed that internalising scores were influenced by individual, family and school factors while externalising and prosocial scores were predicted by individual factors. These results suggest that while most children showed the socioemotional skills expected for their age one year post-pandemic, some remain at higher risk for socioemotional difficulties.
Design of ring resonators with integrated graphene oxide films for FWM
Authors: Moss David
Published: July 2024

We theoretically investigate and optimize the performance of four-wave mixing (FWM) in microring resonators (MRRs) integrated with two-dimensional (2D) layered graphene oxide (GO) films. Owing to the interaction between the MRRs and the highly nonlinear GO films as well as to the resonant enhancement effect, the FWM efficiency in GO-coated MRRs can be significantly improved. Based on previous experiments, we perform detailed analysis for the influence of the GO film parameters and MRR coupling strength on the FWM conversion efficiency (CE) of the hybrid MRRs. By optimizing the device parameters to balance the trade-off between the Kerr nonlinearity and loss, we achieve a high CE enhancement of ~18.6 dB relative to the uncoated MRR, which is ~8.3 dB higher than previous experimental results. The influence of photo-thermal changes in the GO films as well as variations in the MRR parameters such as the ring radius and waveguide dispersion on the FWM performance is also discussed. These results highlight the significantly improved FWM performance that can be achieved in MRRs incorporating GO films and provide a guide for optimizing their FWM performance.
Empathy for the Devil: Using Counter-Stereotypical Deepfakes to Manipulate Affective Polarization and Democratic Attitudes
Authors: Peterlevitz Tiago
Published: July 2024

Affective polarization has escalated in numerous countries, raising concerns about its detrimental effects on democratic norms. In response, scholars have developed experimental interventions that, while successful in reducing polarization, have proven mostly ineffective at influencing democratic attitudes. Focusing on Brazil’s polarized landscape, this study pioneers the benign use of deepfake images—fabricated images synthesized by deep learning algorithms—in political research, promoting prosocial and democratic attitudes. I introduce the use of counter-stereotypes into the research on polarization, documenting that out-group representations that contradict prevailing stereotypes foster empathy substantially. Furthermore, this reduction in animosity increases support for initiatives safeguarding free and fair elections, substantiating the promise of diminishing polarization to reinvigorate democracies. Images likely amplify treatment effects, and this article also discusses whether their inclusion violates the information equivalence assumption, an assessment with important implications for the design of experimental research.
Beyond Seven Generations: Mapping and Expanding the Temporal Horizon of Intergenerational Concern
Authors: Syropoulos Stylianos , Law Kyle Fiore , Young Liane , O'Connor Brendan Bo
Published: July 2024

As concerns over climate change, pandemics, and other intergenerational issues mount, the call for intergenerational stewardship resounds in psychology, ethics, and politics. Yet, the virtue of intergenerational beneficence has deep roots in historical philosophical perspectives, such as the principle of seventh generation stewardship advocated by the Haudenosaunee Confederacy and other indigenous populations. For how many future generations do people believe we ought to consider the consequences of our individual and governmental actions? Can the temporal horizon of morality be expanded to include a greater number of future generations? Across five preregistered studies (N=3,876 Americans recruited on Prolific), we precisely map prescriptive beliefs regarding the number of future generations individuals and governments should have in mind when making collective decisions, the intergenerational depth of people’s obligation and concern for future welfare, and individual variation in these tendencies. Moreover, by targeting the interconnectedness of people across time we successfully expand the temporal horizon of intergenerational concern, reducing intergenerational discounting.
Examining the association among adolescents’ emotional clarity, emotion differentiation and the regulation of negative and positive affect using a daily diary approach
Authors: Hohensee Nicola , Joormann Jutta , Gadassi Polack Reuma
Published: July 2024

Emotional clarity and emotion differentiation are two core aspects of the application of emotional knowledge. During adolescence, novel emotional experiences result in temporary decreases of differentiation and clarity. These temporary difficulties might profoundly impact choices of regulatory strategies. And indeed, prior research has shown that lower emotional clarity and emotion differentiation are each associated with higher use of putatively maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in youth. The two constructs, however, are rarely examined together and it remains unclear how they are associated in daily life, particularly in children and adolescents. In addition, previous studies have focused on the regulation of negative but not positive affect. To address these gaps, the current study used an intensive longitudinal design in youth. Between June 2021 and March 2022, 172 children and adolescents (M = 12.99 years) completed a 28-day diary (around 3500 entries in total) reporting daily affect, emotional clarity, and use of five emotion regulation strategies in response to negative and positive affect (i.e., rumination, dampening, behavioral avoidance, negative and positive suppression). As predicted, on both between- and within-person levels, higher emotional clarity was associated with decreased use of all maladaptive emotion regulation strategies after adjusting for mean affect intensity. Results for emotion differentiation were mostly non-significant. Only higher daily positive emotion differentiation was associated with decreased rumination. In sum, this innovative study explores multiple aspects of emotional knowledge usage and regulation during a critical developmental stage and emphasizes the role of emotional clarity in the regulation of negative and positive affect.
Big team science reveals promises and limitations of machine learning efforts to model the physiological basis of affective experience
Authors: Coles Nicholas Alvaro , Perz Bartosz , Behnke Maciej , Eichstaedt Johannes , Kim Soo-Hyung , Vu Tu N. , Raman Chirag , Tejada Julian , Van Thong Huynh  , Zhang Guangyi , Cui Tanming , Podder Sharanyak , Chavda Rushi , Pandey Shubham , Upadhyay Arpit , Padilla-Buritica Jorge I , Causil Carlos J Barrera , Ji Linying , Dollack Felix , Kiyokawa Kiyoshi , Liu Huakun , Perusquia-Hernandez Monica , Uchiyama Hideaki , Wei Xin , Cao Houwei , Yang Ziqing , Iancarelli Alessia , McVeigh Kieran , Wang Yiyu , Berwian Isabel M. , Chiu Jamie C , Mirea Dan-Mircea , Nook Erik C , Vartiainen Henna I , Whiting Claire , Cho Young Won , Chow Sy-Miin , Fisher Zachary F , Li Yanling , Xiong Xiaoyue , Shen Yuqi , Tagliazucchi Enzo , Bugnon Leandro A , Ospina Raydonal , Bruno Nicolás Marcelo , D'Amelio Tomas Ariel , Zamberlan Federico , Diaz Luis R Mercado , Pinzon-Arenas Javier O , Posada-Quintero Hugo F , Bilalpur Maneesh , Hinduja Saurabh , Marmolejo-Ramos Fernando , Canavan Shaun , jivnani liza , Saganowski Stanislaw
Published: July 2024

Researchers are increasingly using machine learning to study physiological markers of emotional experience. In the present work, we evaluated the promises and limitations of this approach via a big team science competition. Twelve teams of researchers competed to predict self-reported core affective experiences using a multi-modal set of peripheral nervous system features. Models were trained and tested in multiple ways: with data divided by participants, emotions, inductions, and time periods. In 100% of tests, teams outperformed baseline models that made random predictions. In 46% of tests, teams also outperformed baseline models that relied on the simple average of ratings from training datasets. In a follow-up, three models judged most promising by competition organizers exhibited lower prediction accuracy when re-tested on data with simulated physiological randomness. These results bolster claims that machine learning can capture physiological markers of affective experience. More notably, though, results uncovered a methodological challenge: multiplicative constraints on generalizability. Inferences about the accuracy and theoretical implications of machine learning efforts depended not only on their architecture, but also how they were trained, tested, and evaluated. For example, some teams performed better when tested on observations from different (vs. the same) subjects seen during training. Such results could be interpreted as evidence of biologically innate patterns that are sensitive to context. However, such conclusions would be premature because other teams exhibited the opposite pattern. Taken together, results illustrate how big team science can be leveraged to understand the promises and limitations of machine learning methods in affective science and beyond.
Wearable sensors can track social interaction in groups of autistic and non-autistic children
Authors: Ward Jamie A , SUN Yanke , Bell Maria , Day Sally , Gilbert Thomas , Hamilton Antonia
Published: July 2024

People often spontaneously synchronise with one other during social interactions, but this synchrony may be weaker in autism. There are few methods available for measuring social synchrony outside the lab, which makes it hard to know what natural patterns of synchrony should look like. Here we present SocSensors, a system that uses wearable sensors to evaluate interpersonal synchrony, and use it to uncover social behaviours in young autistic people with learning difficulties. We used wrist-worn accelerometers to collect data from the interactions of 3 groups of children (and adults) during school activities: autistic children aged 5-6, autistic children aged 12-17, and neurotypical children aged 4-5. We evaluate a wavelet-based method to calculate interpersonal synchrony between all possible pairings. The output of this analysis and the proposed visualisations provide a convenient way to estimate of social engagement. We compare our measures to blind independent video ratings of social engagement and find a clear positive correlation, which validates the use of sensors for in-the-wild studies of social behaviour in autism. We also demonstrate a range of analyses for which SocSensors can be used, including tracking changes in an individual’s social interaction over time, uncovering social relationships within a group, and uncovering group differences of interpersonal coordination between autistic and neurotypical children. The results show how wearable sensors enable a new type of research on real-world social interactions and advance our understanding of social synchrony.
When Group Grievances Become Personal: Dissociating the Neural Correlates of Group and Personal Discrimination
Authors: Vidal Luis Marcos , Gil-Buitrago Helena , Cisma Irene , Hendricks Rosamunde , Atran Scott , Pretus Clara
Published: July 2024

Witnessing discrimination against one’s group can have similar impacts on psychological distress, aggression, and extreme pro-group action as experiencing rejection personally. However, the effects of group discrimination on brain activity, and whether they resemble those caused by personal rejection, have yet to be examined. We investigated neural activity patterns in response to group discrimination. To do this, we first identified the neural correlates of social discrimination (explicit and systematic rejection) compared to ostracism (lack of social connection) and then compared group-level discrimination to personal-level discrimination. We employed a novel social discrimination task, “RateME,” to induce feelings of group and personal discrimination, and used Cyberball to evoke feelings of ostracism during fMRI scans. Our results showed that personal discrimination activated brain regions associated with autobiographical memory and self-identity, such as the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and the lingual gyrus, while ostracism engaged areas related to social pain and salience, including the anterior cingulate cortex and the insula. Additionally, group and personal-level discrimination elicited similar neural activity patterns, regardless of participants’ level of identification with the discriminated groups. Therefore, mere group membership seems sufficient for group discrimination to trigger self-referential processing pathways similar to those activated by personal discrimination. Our findings highlight the overlapping neural mechanisms underlying personal and group-level grievances, which may explain the detrimental effects of group discrimination on aggression, violent extremism, and inter-group conflict.
TeenGrowth: Individualized Expected Body Weights for Young People with Eating Disorders
Authors: Schaumberg Katherine
Published: July 2024

Objective: While weight restoration and/or stabilization is crucial for successful treatment and sustained recovery from restrictive EDs, it is often challenging to define an individual's expected healthy body weight. This paper introduces the TeenGrowth package and its web-based application, designed to calculate and forecast predicted body mass index (BMI) and weight across adolescence. Method: TeenGrowth includes functions for data cleaning, predicted BMI z-score and BMI calculations, and growth forecasting. The accompanying Shiny web application provides a user-friendly interface, enabling the identification of predicted weights for individuals. Through a series of 30 computer-simulated datasets for 1100 individuals (1000 ‘healthy’ and 100 ‘ED’), the package's options for predictive models are evaluated. Results: Simulation results highlight potential for use in ED screening and treatment and guide users on modeling options. Prediction of adolescent BMI was more accurate for TeenGrowth models, specifically Mean pre-ED BMIz, Most Recent pre-ED BMIz, or the combination of these metrics (Median BMI error for these methods across all simulations = 0.69) when compared to predictions at the 50th percentile of population-based norms (Median BMI error = 2.15). Aggregated across simulation approaches, results further support optimal accuracy in identifying ED cases when using Mean, Most Recent, or Mean + Most Recent methods (Mean ED case classification accuracy = .86) as compared to use of a population-based metric – 85% of the 50th percentile BMI (Mean classification accuracy = .61). Discussion: The introduction of TeenGrowth represents a first step towards setting reproducible, personalized predicted body weights for young people.
All About That Base... No Trouble: the Gravity of Peacekeeping Bases
Authors: Kunkel Sky
Published: July 2024

Do United Nations (UN) peacekeeping bases impact violence? The existing literature on civilian protection from the UN focuses on the peacekeepers themselves, which obscures the effect peacekeeping bases may have on the locales they deploy to. In addition, little research examines peacekeeping bases as potential sources of violence reduction. In this research note, I provide the first empirical evidence that peacekeeping bases change violence outcomes. Peacekeeping bases signal to local actors the presence of the UN, meaning larger bases with a more imposing physical presence should reduce violence against civilians through a greater gravity. With an empirical design utilizing recent advances in difference-in-differences, I explore the effects of peacekeeping bases on state and rebel violence, showing how the largest peacekeeping bases decrease civilian victimization by state actors with few effects on rebel violence. These results highlight the importance of deciding where peacekeeping bases are placed as an additional source of civilian protection.
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Authors: Dr.Sandeep
Published: July 2024

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Importance of Conducting Indoor and Outdoor Events at Secondary Schools in Nepal
Authors: Limbu Chandra Bahadur
Published: July 2024

Many secondary schools conduct indoor and outdoor events at schools to improve the holistic development of learners. Both events not only boost academically for students but also improve their self-confidence. The purpose of the study was to find out the importance of conducting indoor and outdoor events in secondary schools and find the strengths behind organizing such events at schools. The research paradigm of this study was positivism, and this quantitative study employed the survey research design to investigate the importance of conducting these events in schools. I selected 75 students and 25 teachers from secondary schools using random sampling for this study. I distributed the questionnaire into two sections to my respondents online, that is, via messenger, to collect the primary data for the study. I used a correlation analysis for the data interpretation of the collected from this study. I divided the responses received into students’ responses and teachers’ responses. The findings of the students’ response revealed that a fixed schedule for extracurricular activities, trained and experienced coordinators, and enough materials for the events are essential to conduct indoor and outdoor events in schools. The findings of the teachers’ responses show that extracurricular activities improve the academic performance of students developing different language skills. The findings of this study have implications for school administrators, teachers, parents, students, and textbook writers.
Exploring Professional Development Practices: Insights from Gurukul, Sanskrit, and General Schools
Authors: Basnet Bhavana , Bhantana Kamala
Published: July 2024

This study aims to examine the professional development strategies used by teachers in Gurukul, Sanskrit, and general schools in Karnali and Gandaki provinces. The purpose of the study is to gain insight into the strategies teachers employ to advance their professional development. Through focus group discussions with a purposeful sample of six teachers, the study investigated the variety of professional development strategies used in these institutions. The study's findings revealed that teachers employ numerous strategies, including professional development training, field trips, peer collaboration, workshops, seminars, sharing of best practices, and technology integration. In addition, the study considered cultural norms, infrastructure constraints, and regional challenges as contextual factors that influence the implementation and efficacy of professional development strategies.