bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Combined Extract of Black Sticky Rice and Dill Improves Poststroke Cognitive Impairment in Metabolic Syndrome Condition
Authors: Ohnon Warin , Wattanathorn Jintanaporn , Thukham-mee Wipawee , Muchimapura Supaporn , Wannanon Panakaporn , Tong-un Terdthai
Published: February 2019

Despite the increase in cognitive deficit following stroke in metabolic syndrome (MetS) condition, the therapeutic strategy is still limited. Since oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play the crucial roles on the pathophysiology of aforementioned conditions, the cognitive enhancing effect of the combined extract ofOryza sativaandAnethum graveolenswas considered based on their antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotective effects together with the synergistic effect concept. Male Wistar rats weighing 180-220 g were induced metabolic syndrome-like condition by using a high-carbohydrate high-fat diet (HCHF diet). Then, reperfusion injury following cerebral ischemia was induced by the occlusion of right middle cerebral artery and treated with the combined extract ofO. sativaandA. graveolens(OA extract) at doses of 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/kg BW once daily for 21 days. Spatial memory was assessed every 7 days throughout the experimental period. At the end of the study, neuron and glial fibrillary acidic protein- (GFAP-) positive cell densities, the oxidative stress status, AChE, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) in the hippocampus were determined. The results showed that OA extract at all doses used in this study significantly improved memory together with the reductions of MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, AChE, and density of GFAP-positive cell but increased neuron density in the hippocampus. Taken together, OA is the potential cognitive enhancer in memory impairment following stroke in MetS condition. The possible underlying mechanism may occur partly via the reductions of oxidative stress status, GFAP-positive cell density, and neuroinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-αand IL-6 together with the suppression of AChE activity in the hippocampus. This study suggests that OA is the potential functional ingredient to improve the cognitive enhancer. However, further clinical research is required.
Genotypic and Phenotypic Variables Affect Meiotic Cell Cycle Progression, Tumor Ploidy, and Cancer-Associated Mortality in a brca2-Mutant Zebrafish Model
Authors: Mensah L. , Ferguson J. L. , Shive H. R.
Published: February 2019

Successful cell replication requires both cell cycle completion and accurate chromosomal segregation. The tumor suppressor BRCA2 is positioned to influence both of these outcomes, and thereby influence genomic integrity, during meiotic and mitotic cell cycles. Accordingly, mutations in BRCA2 induce chromosomal abnormalities and disrupt cell cycle progression in both germ cells and somatic cells. Despite these findings, aneuploidy is not more prevalent in BRCA2-associated versus non-BRCA2-associated human cancers. More puzzlingly, diploidy in BRCA2-associated cancers is a negative prognostic factor, unlike non-BRCA2-associated cancers and many other human cancers. We used a brca2-mutant/tp53-mutant cancer-prone zebrafish model to explore the impact of BRCA2 mutation on cell cycle progression, ploidy, and cancer-associated mortality by performing DNA content/cell cycle analysis on zebrafish germ cells, somatic cells, and cancer cells. First, we determined that combined brca2/tp53 mutations uniquely disrupt meiotic progression. Second, we determined that sex significantly influences ploidy outcome in zebrafish cancers. Third, we determined that brca2 mutation and female sex each significantly reduce survival time in cancer-bearing zebrafish. Finally, we provide evidence to support a link between BRCA2 mutation, tumor diploidy, and poor survival outcome. These outcomes underscore the utility of this model for studying BRCA2-associated genomic aberrations in normal and cancer cells.
Hydration of Reactive MgO as Partial Cement Replacement and Its Influence on the Macroperformance of Cementitious Mortars
Authors: Gonçalves T. , Silva R. V. , de Brito J. , Fernández J. M. , Esquinas A. R.
Published: February 2019

A recent quest for more sustainable cement-based construction materials has triggered the pursuit of technically viable alternatives of cement, making reactive magnesium oxide (MgO) one of the least known top contenders to reduce this sector’s environmental impact since it participates in the cement’s hydration reactions and presents enhanced carbon capture ability during its life cycle. In this study, two different commercially available reactive MgO samples were evaluated as partial cement replacements (at 10%, 15%, and 20%, by weight) in the production of mortars. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of cement, MgO samples, and resulting mortars were carried out. All specimens were evaluated in terms of their mechanical and durability-related performance (i.e., flexural and compressive strength, carbonation, water absorption by capillary action, and shrinkage). The main results suggest that, in spite of the decreased, albeit acceptable, performance with increasing incorporation of MgO as partial cement replacement, a significant decrease was observed in the shrinkage strain of cementitious materials.
MiR-644a Disrupts Oncogenic Transformation and Warburg Effect by Direct Modulation of Multiple Genes of Tumor-Promoting Pathways
Authors: Ebron Jey S. , Shankar Eswar , Singh Jagjit , Sikand Kavleen , Weyman Crystal M. , Gupta Sanjay , Lindner Daniel J. , Liu Xiaoqi , Campbell Moray J. , Shukla Girish C.
Published: February 2019

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is defined by tumor microenvironment heterogeneity affecting intrinsic cellular mechanisms including dysregulated androgen signaling, aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), and aberrant activation of transcription factors including androgen receptor (AR) and c-Myc. Using in vitro, in vivo, and animal models, we find a direct correlation between miR-644a downregulation and dysregulation of essential cellular processes. MiR-644a downregulated expression of diverse tumor microenvironment drivers including c-Myc, AR coregulators, and antiapoptosis factors Bcl-xl and Bcl2. Moreover, miR-644a modulates epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) by directly targeting EMT-promoting factors ZEB1, cdk6, and Snail. Finally, miR-644a expression suppresses the Warburg effect by direct targeting of c-Myc, Akt, IGF1R, and GAPDH expression. RNA sequencing analysis revealed an analogous downregulation of these factors in animal tumor xenografts. These data demonstrate miR-644a mediated fine-tuning of oncogenesis, stimulating pathways and resultant potentiation of enzalutamide therapy in CRPC patients.

Significance:

This study demonstrates that miR-644a therapeutically influences the CRPC tumor microenvironment by suppressing androgen signaling and additional genes involved in metabolism, proliferation, Warburg effect, and EMT, to potentiate the enzalutamide therapy.
Radiomics on Gadoxetic Acid–Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Prediction of Postoperative Early and Late Recurrence of Single Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kim Sungwon , Shin Jaeseung , Kim Do-Young , Choi Gi Hong , Kim Myeong-Jin , Choi Jin-Young
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

To evaluate the usefulness of the radiomic model in predicting early (≤2 years) and late (>2 years) recurrence after curative resection in cases involving a single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 2–5 cm in diameter using preoperative gadoxetic acid–enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in comparison with the clinicopathologic model.

Experimental Design:

This retrospective study included 167 patients with surgically resected and pathologically confirmed single HCC 2–5 cm in diameter (n = 167, training set:validation set = 128:39) who underwent preoperative gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI between January 2010 and December 2015. A radiomic model, a clinicopathologic model, and a combined clinicopathologic-radiomic (CCR) model were built using a random survival forest to predict disease-free survival (DFS) in the following conditions: early DFS versus late DFS, dynamic phases, and the peritumoral area included in the segmentation.

Results:

The radiomic model showed a prognostic performance comparable with the clinicopathologic model only with 3-mm peritumoral border extension [c-index difference (radiomic-clinicopathologic), −0.021, P = 0.758]. The CCR model with the 3-mm border extension showed the highest c-index value but no statistically significant improvement over the clinicopathologic model [CCR, 0.716 (0.627–0.799); clinicopathologic model, 0.696 (0.557–0.799)].

Conclusions:

The prognostic value of the preoperative radiomic model with 3-mm border extension showed comparable performance with that of the postoperative clinicopathologic model for predicting DFS of early recurrence of HCC using gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI. This suggests the importance of including peritumoral changes in the radiomic analysis of HCC.
Urea Cycle Sustains Cellular Energetics upon EGFR Inhibition in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC
Authors: Pham-Danis Catherine , Gehrke Sarah , Danis Etienne , Rozhok Andrii I. , Daniels Michael W. , Gao Dexiang , Collins Christina , Paola José T. Di , D'Alessandro Angelo , DeGregori James
Published: February 2019

Mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes engender unique metabolic phenotypes crucial to the survival of tumor cells. EGFR signaling has been linked to the rewiring of tumor metabolism in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We have integrated the use of a functional genomics screen and metabolomics to identify metabolic vulnerabilities induced by EGFR inhibition. These studies reveal that following EGFR inhibition, EGFR-driven NSCLC cells become dependent on the urea cycle and, in particular, the urea cycle enzyme CPS1. Combining knockdown of CPS1 with EGFR inhibition further reduces cell proliferation and impedes cell-cycle progression. Profiling of the metabolome demonstrates that suppression of CPS1 potentiates the effects of EGFR inhibition on central carbon metabolism, pyrimidine biosynthesis, and arginine metabolism, coinciding with reduced glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. We show that EGFR inhibition and CPS1 knockdown lead to a decrease in arginine levels and pyrimidine derivatives, and the addition of exogenous pyrimidines partially rescues the impairment in cell growth. Finally, we show that high expression of CPS1 in lung adenocarcinomas correlated with worse patient prognosis in publicly available databases. These data collectively reveal that NSCLC cells have a greater dependency on the urea cycle to sustain central carbon metabolism, pyrimidine biosynthesis, and arginine metabolism to meet cellular energetics upon inhibition of EGFR.

Implications:

Our results reveal that the urea cycle may be a novel metabolic vulnerability in the context of EGFR inhibition, providing an opportunity to develop rational combination therapies with EGFR inhibitors for the treatment of EGFR-driven NSCLC.
Lipid Uptake Is an Androgen-Enhanced Lipid Supply Pathway Associated with Prostate Cancer Disease Progression and Bone Metastasis
Authors: Tousignant Kaylyn D. , Rockstroh Anja , Taherian Fard Atefeh , Lehman Melanie L. , Wang Chenwei , McPherson Stephen J. , Philp Lisa K. , Bartonicek Nenad , Dinger Marcel E. , Nelson Colleen C. , Sadowski Martin C.
Published: February 2019

De novo lipogenesis is a well-described androgen receptor (AR)–regulated metabolic pathway that supports prostate cancer tumor growth by providing fuel, membrane material, and steroid hormone precursor. In contrast, our current understanding of lipid supply from uptake of exogenous lipids and its regulation by AR is limited, and exogenous lipids may play a much more significant role in prostate cancer and disease progression than previously thought. By applying advanced automated quantitative fluorescence microscopy, we provide the most comprehensive functional analysis of lipid uptake in cancer cells to date and demonstrate that treatment of AR-positive prostate cancer cell lines with androgens results in significantly increased cellular uptake of fatty acids, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein particles. Consistent with a direct, regulatory role of AR in this process, androgen-enhanced lipid uptake can be blocked by the AR-antagonist enzalutamide, but is independent of proliferation and cell-cycle progression. This work for the first time comprehensively delineates the lipid transporter landscape in prostate cancer cell lines and patient samples by analysis of transcriptomics and proteomics data, including the plasma membrane proteome. We show that androgen exposure or deprivation regulates the expression of multiple lipid transporters in prostate cancer cell lines and tumor xenografts and that mRNA and protein expression of lipid transporters is enhanced in bone metastatic disease when compared with primary, localized prostate cancer. Our findings provide a strong rationale to investigate lipid uptake as a therapeutic cotarget in the fight against advanced prostate cancer in combination with inhibitors of lipogenesis to delay disease progression and metastasis.

Implications:

Prostate cancer exhibits metabolic plasticity in acquiring lipids from uptake and lipogenesis at different disease stages, indicating potential therapeutic benefit by cotargeting lipid supply.
Antropolíticas da educação
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Educação, Santos Marcos Ferreira , Almeida Rogério de ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Educação
Published: February 2019

Faz oito anos que a primeira edição desta obra foi lançada e, no entanto, desde então, nada importante alterou o cenário das políticas públicas em educação no Brasil, nada que acenasse para uma transformação da sociedade, principalmente em seus aspectos mais desiguais, como distribuição de renda ou oportunidade de melhor formação às camadas populares. O que justifica esta terceira edição é a menção a fenômenos mais recentes atualizados na introdução do livro, a vontade de aprimorá-lo, renovando a aposta na força humanizadora de uma educação de sensibilidade, pautada pela multiplicidade de caminhos que a vida possibilita. Desse modo, os autores adicionaram um capítulo novo que versa sobre a pedagogia da escolha, atendendo, assim, às solicitações dos leitores desejosos de uma reflexão mais filosófica sobre os itinerários de formação que não o exclusivamente escolar, como também incluíram experiências anarquistas, ou de autogestão, no quadro da história da educação, apontando para sua atualidade; e, por fim, retocaram expressões e erros de escrita.
Relações de poder e representações sociais do machismo na obra Dôra, Doralina de Rachel de Queiroz
Authors: Trindade Marcos Vinicius Ferreira
Published: February 2019

Neste artigo analisam-se os efeitos da dominação masculina dos personagens Laurindo e Comandante sobre a protagonista Dôra no discurso literário de Rachel de Queiroz, notável escritora do Modernismo no Brasil que retrata as representações sociais tanto do feminino quanto do masculino, evidenciando principalmente as relações de poder entre os gêneros. Nesse sentido, busca-se compreender os efeitos históricos do poder da dominação masculina por meio do pensamento de Bourdieu na relação entre os personagens ao longo do enredo.
Reflexões de Hannah Arendt sobre as implicações do perdão na esfera pública
Authors: Santana Alana de Andrade
Published: February 2019

Uma das dimensões da condição humana é a ação caracterizada pela imprevisibilidade e pela irreversibilidade. É no poder do perdão que o indivíduo encontra sua redenção. Na obra A condição humana, Hannah Arendt propõe uma concepção diferente de perdão, deslocando-o do âmbito religioso para o campo político. Este estudo objetivou refletir sobre o conceito de perdão de Hannah Arendt e suas implicações nos domínios público e político. Para tanto, duas perguntas são lançadas: o perdão tem uma dimensão política, fora da religiosa? Em caso positivo, quais as suas repercussões nas esferas pública e política? Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, com revisão bibliográfica, a partir da obra já referida e de artigos publicados em português. Constatou-se que a autora propõe pensar o perdão como atributo possível e, porque não dizer, fundamental no campo político e das relações humanas, como algo ínsito e indispensável à materialização da “condição humana” do ser humano.
Agostinho e Wittgenstein: sobre a concepção de linguagem referencial
Authors: Nascimento Matheus Colaresdo
Published: February 2019

Wittgenstein inicia as Investigações filosóficas com uma citação das Confissões (I, 8) de Agostinho, intencionando usar tal passagem para se contrapor a um modo de refletir sobre a linguagem pautado na sua referencialidade, concepção que chamaremos de “linguagem referencial”. O objetivo deste trabalho é o de apresentar a mudança de abordagem que Wittgenstein apresenta com relação à linguagem a partir do conceito de uso (Gebrauch) linguístico mobilizado em suas reflexões pós-Tractatus. Além disso, também discutiremos alguns pontos de comentários realizados por Agostinho em De magistro, com o intuito de mostrar que, à sua maneira, ele também problematizara a concepção de linguagem referencial.
A forma e a forja da beleza: medidas desinteressadas entre Marx e Kant
Authors: Ferreira Rodney
Published: February 2019

As noções de liberdade e desinteresse se entrelaçam na recepção estética kantiana do belo e na produção do homem concebida pelo jovem Marx – esta é a premissa deste trabalho, que tem em vista considerar as proximidades estéticas postuladas na Crítica da faculdade de julgar e nos Manuscritos econômico-filosóficos, a partir das seguintes impressões: as condições similares de necessidade do universal subjetivo e da produção e recepção em conformidade com fins formais que desconsideram necessidades físicas e morais. As dificuldades iniciais são: se, em Marx, a produção é desinteressada, mas a recepção visa algum fim, e o que se define por finalidade em cada um dos autores; e se há a noção de objeto belo em Marx, determinada pela produção segundo leis efetivamente constituídas por uma condição natural do belo ou se pela recepção do sujeito enquanto identificando sua própria expressão no objeto, e como isso se relaciona com o juízo de gosto kantiano. Assim, talvez seja mais preciso dizer que se aposta em uma proposta antes de delineamentos do que de proximidades.
Current data on the reproduction of Four-horned Antelope Tetracerus quadricornis in zoological parks
Authors: Dubost Gérard , Labes Stéphane , Lutz Armelle
Published: February 2019

The Four-horned Antelope Tetracerus quadricornis is currently facing numerous dangers throughout its natural range.  The major threats include human overpopulation, deforestation, and degradation of its habitat.  It is classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.  Now, this species is rare or even absent in most zoos.  Given the threats encountered by this species in the wild, its reproduction was analyzed from animal data obtained in European and Indian zoological parks during 39 consecutive years from 1977 to 2016.  There was an average of 1.42 new-borns per litter.  Twins were more numerous than singletons.  Sexual maturity in females did not occur before 18–36 months of age.  Most females, however, reproduced for the first time much later, on average at 6–7 years of age and more than half of females produced only one litter.  In females that raised their young, new fertilization generally took place 101 days after the preceding birthing.  In Indian zoos, where temperatures vary little between seasons, births were numerous in September–February, especially in September–November when rainfall decreases, contrary to deaths that occurred predominantly in June–August during peak rainfall.  In European zoos, most litters occurred in December–February.  Thus, Four-horned Antelopes maintain part of the birth season of their native countries, despite unfavourable local climate conditions.  Deaths of individuals also occurred mainly in December–February in European parks, i.e., during the coldest season.  Globally, more males than females died during the first month of life as in other species, but not so after that age.  On the whole, there is a low reproductive success in populations of the Four-horned Antelope under managed care compared to other ruminant species.  This could partly be due to husbandry and management procedures of individuals in these parks.  This raises the question of the possibility of reintroducing individuals into the wild from ex situ livestock.
Avian survey in tourist sites near Putao in northern Myanmar
Authors: Scopin Alexey E. , Sotnikov Vladimir N. , Skumatov Dmitry V. , Sergeyev Alexey A.
Published: February 2019

We present the results of short ornithological observations conducted in November–December 2014 and December 2015 in the territory near Putao in northern Myanmar at elevations below 1,500m.  We recorded 105 species, which were mostly resident birds, and evaluated the species abundance with a relative scale along tourist walking routes in the area.  The bird species richness in the Mali Hka River Valley was observed to be less than in the adjacent virgin mountain forests.  Our results could be used for future bird monitoring fieldworks.
Butterflies of the myristica swamp forests of Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary in the southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India
Authors: Sujitha Prabhakaran Chandrika , Prasad Gopal , Sadasivan Kalesh
Published: February 2019

Myristica swamps are unique freshwater swamp forests characterised by predominance of tree species of the Myristicaceae family.  There have been few published works on the flora and fauna of myristica swamps but studies on butterflies have been scanty. This work was done in the myristica swamps of Kattilapara in Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, Kollam district, Kerala, located in the northern aspect of the Agasthyamalai Hills of the southern Western Ghats. Data on the butterflies were collected over a period of two years supplemented with data from previous visits using Transect method. Butterflies were identified based on field photographs and relevant literature. We recorded 206 species of butterflies belonging to 6 families from the myristica swamps. This included 17 species of Papilionidae, 20 species of Pieridae, 65 species of Nymphalidae, 56 species of Lycaenidae, two species of Riodinidae and 46 species of Hesperiidae.Of the total, 19 species of butterflies were Western Ghat endemics. A checklist of butterflies of the myristica swamp, larval hostplants, status with respect to IUCN criteria, endemicity, and classification as per Indian Wildlife Protection Act (WPA) of 1972 are also provided. Eighty-two species of plants were listed as butterfly larval hosts in the myristica swamp ecosystem, with 27 species being new host records for Western Ghats. None of the butterflies recorded were using plants of Myristicaceae family as larval hosts. A simple index—the percentage occurrence—is proposed to delineate the habitat affinity of species.
Animal-fungal interactions 3: first report of mycophagy by the African Brush-tailed Porcupine Atherurus africanus Gray, 1842 (Mammalia: Rodentia: Hystricidae)
Authors: Elliott Todd F. , Truong Camille , Séné Olivier , Henkel Terry W.
Published: February 2019

Animal-fungal interactions 3: first report of mycophagy by the African Brush-tailed Porcupine Atherurus africanus Gray, 1842 (Mammalia: Rodentia: Hystricidae)
Nuisance behaviors of macaques in Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, Palawan, Philippines
Authors: Gamalo Lief Erikson , Baril Joselito , Dimalibot Judeline , Asis Augusto , Anas Brian , Puna Nevong , Paller Vachel Gay
Published: February 2019

Different nuisance behaviors of macaques have been reported in different parts of the world where humans and macaques have been living in the same habitats and sharing the same resources.  In this study, nuisance behaviors of Long-tailed Macaques were documented in Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park using direct observation, survey questionnaire and by visiting the complaint section database.  The attitudes and practices of the locals towards the macaques were also investigated.  From the result of the study, it was observed that the most common nuisance behavior of macaques in Central Park Station was littering, while according to the locals, eating of crops was the most common nuisance behavior.  There was no existing tourist complaint about the macaques in the area, however, park personnel reported that aggressive tourist-macaque encounters sometimes happened.  These nuisance behaviors were observed to be linked to food security of the animals which results in negative interaction.  Meanwhile, it was also observed that the practices of most people towards macaques in the area are still relatively positive despite the nuisance behaviors of the macaques.  Only a small percentage of respondents hunted macaques, experienced keeping macaques as pets or experienced eating macaque meat.  The direct observations revealed that the degree of human-macaque interaction in the park was relatively mild compared to the reports in other countries, partly because of the positive human attitudes towards the animals and the effective management practices in the area.
Association Between Depression and Outcomes in Chinese Patients With Myocardial Infarction and Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries
Authors: Gu Xiao‐Hong , He Chao‐Jie , Shen Liang , Han Bin
Published: February 2019

Background

Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (
MINOCA
) occurs in ≈10% of all patients with myocardial infarction. Studies on effects of depression on
MINOCA
outcomes are lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the association of depression with clinical outcomes in Chinese patients with
MINOCA
.

Methods and Results

We conducted a prospective cohort study of 633 participants with
MINOCA
and followed up for 3 years. End points were defined as all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular events. Diagnosis of depression was ascertained using the psychiatric interview based on the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM‐5)
. During the follow‐up period, all‐cause death occurred in 93 individuals and cardiovascular events developed in 170 individuals. Kaplan‐Meier curves showed a significant association of depression with all‐cause mortality (log‐rank
P
<0.001) and cardiovascular events (log‐rank
P
<0.001). Multiple Cox regression identified the new diagnosis of depression as an independent prognostic factor for all‐cause mortality as well as cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio, 7.250; 95% CI, 4.735–11.100;
P
<0.001; and hazard ratio, 3.411; 95%
CI
, 2.490–4.674;
P
<0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

The new diagnosis of depression at the time of myocardial infarction is associated with increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with MINOCA.
Ultrastructural Changes of the Right Ventricular Myocytes in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Shults Nataliia V. , Kanovka Sergey S. , Ten Eyck Jennifer E. , Rybka Vladyslava , Suzuki Yuichiro J.
Published: February 2019

Background

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (
PAH
) is a serious disease without cure. Elevated pulmonary vascular resistance puts strain on the right ventricle (
RV
) and patients die of
RV
failure. Subjecting Sprague–Dawley rats to
SU
5416 injection and hypoxia promotes severe
PAH
with pulmonary vascular lesions similar to human disease and has been well utilized to investigate pulmonary vascular pathology. However, despite exhibiting severe
RV
fibrosis, these rats do not die. Recently, subjecting Fischer (
CDF
) rats to the same treatment to promote
PAH
was found to result in mortality. Thus, the present study performed detailed morphological characterizations of Fischer rats with
PAH
.

Methods and Results

Rats were subjected to
SU
5416 injection and hypoxia for 3 weeks, followed by maintenance in normoxia. More than 90% of animals died within 6 weeks of the
SU
5416 injection. Necropsy revealed the accumulation of fluid in the chest cavity, right ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation, hepatomegaly, and other indications of congestive heart failure. Time course studies demonstrated the progressive thickening of pulmonary arteries with the formation of concentric lamellae and plexiform lesions as well as
RV
fibrosis in
PAH
rats. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the destruction of the myofilaments, T‐tubules, and sarcoplasmic reticulum.
RV
mitochondrial damage and fission were found in Fischer rats, but not in Sprague–Dawley rats, with
PAH
.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the destruction of
RV
mitochondria plays a role in the mechanism of
PAH
‐induced death. The
SU
5416/hypoxia model in Fischer rats should be useful for further investigating the mechanism of
RV
failure and finding effective therapeutic agents to increase the survival of
PAH
patients.
Development and Validation of a Novel Risk Score for In‐Hospital Major Bleeding in Acute Myocardial Infarction:—The SWEDEHEART Score
Authors: Simonsson Moa , Winell Henric , Olsson Henrik , Szummer Karolina , Alfredsson Joakim , Hall Marlous , Dondo Tatendashe B. , Gale Chris P , Jernberg Tomas
Published: February 2019

Background

Bleeding risk stratification in acute coronary syndrome is of highest clinical interest but current risk scores have limitations. We sought to develop and validate a new in‐hospital bleeding risk score for patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results

From the nationwide
SWEDEHEART
(Swedish Web‐System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence‐Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies) register, 97,597 patients with acute myocardial infarction enrolled from 2009 until 2014 were selected. A full model with 23 predictor variables and 8 interaction terms was fitted using logistic regression. The full model was approximated by a model with 5 predictors and 1 interaction term. Calibration, discrimination, and clinical utility was evaluated and compared with the
ACTION
(Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network) and
CRUSADE
(Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress
Ad
verse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the
ACC
/AHA Guidelines) scores. Internal and temporal validity was assessed. In‐hospital major bleeding, defined as fatal, intracranial, or requiring surgery or blood transfusion, occurred in 1356 patients (1.4%). The 5 predictors in the approximate model that constituted the
SWEDEHEART
score were hemoglobin, age, sex, creatinine, and C‐reactive protein. The
ACTION
and
CRUSADE
scores were poorly calibrated in the derivation cohort and therefore were recalibrated. The
SWEDEHEART
score showed higher discriminative ability than both recalibrated scores, overall (
C
‐index 0.80 versus 0.73/0.72) and in all predefined subgroups. Decision curve analysis demonstrated consistently positive and higher net benefit for the
SWEDEHEART
score compared with both recalibrated scores across all clinically relevant decision thresholds. The original
ACTION
and
CRUSADE
scores showed negative net benefit.

Conclusions

The 5‐item
SWEDEHEART
score discriminates in‐hospital major bleeding in patients with acute myocardial infarction and has superior model performance compared with the recalibrated
ACTION
and
CRUSADE
scores.
Mites of the subgenus Microtimyobia (Acariformes: Myobiidae: Radfordia) and their host-parasite relationships with cricetid rodents (Cricetidae)
Authors: BOCHKOV ANDRE V.
Published: February 2019

Myobiid mites of the subgenus Radfordia (Microtimyobia) (Acariformes: Myobiidae) associated with hosts of the subfamilies Arvicolinae and Cricetinae (Cricetidae) are revised. Three new species are described from voles: R. (M.) dinaromys sp. nov. from Dinaromys bogdanovi from Montenegro, R. (M.) golenishchevi sp. nov. from Eothenomys wardi from China (Mekong River), and R. (M.) pitymys sp. nov. from Microtus pinetorum from USA (Virginia). Radfordia (M.) lemnina micromys Fain and Lukoschus, 1976 syn. nov., R. (M.) lemnina mikado Uchikawa et al., 1997 syn. nov., R. (M.) stekolnikovi Bochkov and Mironov, 1998 syn. nov., and R. (M.) stenocrani Bochkov and Mironov, 1998 syn. nov. are synonymized with R. (M.) lemnina (Koch, 1941); R. (M.) rutila Fain and Lukoschus, 1977 syn. nov. and R. (M.) lemnina hata Uchikawa et al., 1997 syn. nov. are synonymized with R. clethrionomys Fain and Lukoschus, 1977; R. (M.) lemnina japonica Uchikawa et al., 1997 syn. nov. is synonymized with R. (M.) rufocani Bochkov, 1995; R. (M.) macdonaldi Gill and Strandtmann, 1977 syn. nov. is synonymized with R. (M.) arctica Fain and Lukoschus, 1977; R. (M.) cricetulus pakistanensis Fain and Hyland, 1980 syn. nov. is synonymized with R. (M.) cricetulus Fain, 1973. The female and male keys to all 21 currently recognized Microtimyobia spp. are provided. The host distribution of Microtimyobia spp. is analyzed. These mites serve as peculiar “markers” of particular host groupings and in many cases are useful tools to test some controversial hypotheses of cricetid phylogeny, including the intriguing problem of phylogenetic relationships of the Palearctic and Nearctic voles of the genus Microtus.
The genus Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
Authors: REID DAVID G.
Published: February 2019

This is the last in a series of systematic accounts of the 60 worldwide species of the littorinid genus Echinolittorina. The taxonomy and distributions of molluscs in the eastern Atlantic are poorly known and littorinids are no exception. Recent molecular studies have clarified the number of species and their relationships, and are used as the basis of this systematic account. Detailed morphological descriptions are provided here for the eight known living species in the tropical and warm temperate eastern Atlantic, from the Mediterranean to Namibia, including the islands of Cape Verde, Canaries, São Tomé, Ascension and St Helena. The descriptions give details of shell, operculum, pigmentation of headfoot, reproductive anatomy, spermatozoa, egg capsules and radulae. Diagnoses include reference to mitochondrial gene sequences (COI). A key is based on shell, penial shape, pallial oviduct and geographical distribution, and includes all other littorinid species (members of genera Tectarius, Afrolittorina, Littoraria, Melarhaphe and Littorina) found in the eastern Atlantic region. Three new species are described:  E. peregrinator, E. caboverdensis and E. soroziczac. One name change is proposed: Littorina lemniscata Philippi, 1846 was formerly listed as a junior synonym of E. miliaris from Ascension Island, but examination of types has shown this to be a senior synonym of E. galapagiensis (Stearns, 1892) from the tropical eastern Pacific, which should now be called E. lemniscata. Full synonymies are given for all taxa, and the taxonomic, evolutionary and ecological literature reviewed. Distribution maps are based on examination of 312 samples and on reliable literature records. These reveal close correspondence with the biogeographic division of the region into three provinces (Lusitanian; West African; St Helena and Ascension). The allopatry of sister taxa is maintained by barriers of ocean currents, river deltas and distribution of continental and oceanic conditions. The eight species belong to four clades (E. peregrinator; E. soroziczac; E. punctata group; E. granosa group), each of which is sister to one or more species from the western Atlantic or belongs to a clade with western Atlantic and eastern Pacific distribution. This supports trans-Atlantic dispersal from the west, estimated to have occurred in the Early Miocene and in the Plio-Pleistocene.
Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from vineyards in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
Authors: FERLA NOELI JUAREZ , JOHANN LIANA , KLOCK CRISNA , MAJOLO FERNANDA , BOTTON MARCOS
Published: February 2019

In this paper we report on the phytoseiid mites associated with grapevine in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, which may be natural enemies of the pest mites Calepitrimerus vitis, Colomerus vitis (Eriophyidae), Panonychus ulmi (Tetranychidae) and Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Tarsonemidae). A total of 1,538 phytoseiid mites belonging to 30 species was found. Neoseiulus californicus showed the highest abundance with 844 specimens, followed by Euseius inouei, with 274 specimens. The majority of mites (83%) were observed on vine plants and 17% on the uncultivated plants. Of the 30 species found, 22 were observed on vine plants, 15 on the uncultivated plants and 10 species on both types of plants. When the phytoseiid species were collected in both places, on vine and on the associated plants, greater populations were found on vine plants.
Three new remarkable carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Cladorhizidae) from deep New Zealand and Australian (Macquarie Island) waters
Authors: KELLY MICHELLE , VACELET JEAN
Published: February 2019

Most specimens of carnivorous sponges (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Cladorhizidae) collected in the deep Pacific are usually found to be undescribed taxa. New Zealand’s EEZ, containing Kermadec Trench and Volcanic Arc to the north, Chatham Rise to the southeast, and parts of Macquarie Ridge to the southwest of New Zealand, as well as parts of Australia’s EEZ surrounding Macquarie Island, on Macquarie Ridge, have produced high numbers of new species and possibly new genera, and these are presently being described. In this work, we describe three new species of Cladorhizidae, each remarkable for the ‘exceptions to the rule’ that they represent. Abyssocladia carcharias sp. nov., from Monowai Seamount on the Kermadec Volcanic Arc, has the shape of a pedunculate disc with radiating filaments, and is characterized by three types of unique multidentate isochelae. Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) anisoplacochela sp. nov., from the southern most end of the Three Kings Ridge, is erect and cylindrical with lateral expansions. In addition to the usual Asbestopluma microscleres, this species displays a new form of microsclere, termed ‘anisoplacochelae’. These unprecedented microscleres bear a plate-like central tooth similar to that of the placochelae of Guitarridae, but the ends are dissimilar in shape and dimensions. Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) desmophora sp. nov., from Cavalli Seamounts off the north east coast of New Zealand, Hikurangi Plateau to the east of the North Island, and the Chatham Rise extending east from the South Island (all New Zealand EEZ), and on Macquarie Ridge (Australia EEZ), is an erect dichotomously branching sponge, that has desma megascleres densely packed into the enlarged base of attachment. Implications for the phylogeny of these three unusual species are considered.
On some species of Pandeleteius Schoenherr, 1834, in South America south of the tenth parallel (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Entiminae: Tanymecini)
Authors: HOWDEN ANNE T.
Published: February 2019

Three of the southernmost species of Pandeleteius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) occurring south of the tenth parallel in South America are Pandeleteius griseus (Voss), P. platensis Brèthes, and P. sahlbergi Howden, new species (type locality: Paraná, Brazil). Diagnoses, descriptions and distributions are given for all three species. A neotype is designated for Pandeleteius griseus (Voss) and a lectotype is designated for Pandeleteius platensis Brèthes. A key to the three species is provided.
Cumacea from the continental shelf of Angola and Namibia with descriptions of new species
Authors: BOCHERT RALF , ZETTLER MICHAEL L.
Published: February 2019

During two sampling campaigns carried out in 2004 and 2008 on the shelf off Angola and northern Namibia (South West Africa), sixteen cumacean species belonging to the families Bodotriidae, Diastylidae and Pseudocumatidae were collected. Two of them are new to science, namely Bodotria fionae and Heterocuma ambrizetensis. Figures are drawn for the new species and additional for seven species, which are partially described up to date. Additionally, an adapted key to the species of Heterocuma is provided. Taxonomic and morphological features were analysed and the findings were compared and discussed with earlier investigations from West Africa.
A new microendemic frog species of the genus Blommersia (Anura: Mantellidae) from the east coast of Madagascar
Authors: PABIJAN MACIEJ , GEHRING PHILIP-SEBASTIAN , KÖHLER JÖRN , GLAW FRANK , VENCES MIGUEL
Published: February 2019

Field surveys in northeastern Madagascar have revealed the existence of a new Blommersia frog species (Anura: Mantellidae), populations of which were recorded within a 30 km radius of the town of Maroantsetra. We combined morphological, bioacoustic and molecular techniques and show that it is indeed a distinct evolutionary lineage which we describe as Blommersia variabilis sp. nov. from the type locality Ambodivoahangy near Maroantsetra. This new species is morphologically most similar to B. wittei by the presence of vomerine teeth and relatively small, well-delimited femoral glands, but differs from that species by advertisement call consisting of only 2–6 notes of comparatively longer duration, and a wider separation of femoral glands in males. It is associated with dense secondary vegetation fringing lentic water bodies. Anecdotal evidence suggests its life history is similar to other congeners. The restricted range of this species implies that it is microendemic, being possibly confined to the Antainambalana watershed. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA variation show that its closest known relatives are Blommersia galani and B. dejongi, both of which also have restricted ranges on the east coast. A putative hybrid between a B. galani female and B. dejongi male with intermediate morphology was identified based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA variation.
A review of the genus Platypygus Loew (Mythicomyiidae: Platypyginae) in Iran, with notes on Cyrtisiopsis maculiventris (Loew) n. comb.
Authors: GHARALI BABAK , EVENHUIS NEAL , KAMALI KARIM , TALEBI ALI ASGHAR
Published: February 2019

The genus Platypygus Loew, 1844 in Iran is reviewed. Platypygus kurdorum Paramonov and P. melinoproctus Loew are redescribed and a new species, Platypygus titanomedea sp. nov., is described and illustrated. A diagnostic key to species of Platypygus and Cyrtisiopsis in Iran is provided and variability of some characters in genus Platypygus is briefly discussed. As a result of this study, Platypygus maculiventris Loew is transferred to the genus Cyrtisiopsis Séguy.
A revision of the Thyropygus allevatus group. Part 4: the T. cuisinieri subgroup (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Harpagophoridae)
Authors: PIMVICHAI PIYATIDA , ENGHOFF HENRIK , PANHA SOMSAK
Published: February 2019

The Thyropygus cuisinieri subgroup of the T. allevatus group is revised. A new species is described from Thailand: T. jarukchusri n. sp. The following species are re-described: T. cuisinieri Carl, 1917, T. carli Attems, 1938, and T. foliaceus (Demange, 1961), new status (elevated from subspecies status under T. cuisinieri).
Taxonomic notes and updated phylogeny of the fishfly genus Ctenochauliodes van der Weele (Megaloptera: Corydalidae)
Authors: LIU XINGYUE , HAYASHI FUMIO , YANG DING
Published: February 2019

Ctenochauliodes khasianus (van der Weele, 1909), comb. nov. is redescribed for the first time after its original description. The identity of Ctenochauliodes nigrovenosus (van der Weele, 1907) is clarified, with C. friedrichi Navás, 1932 treated as a new junior synonym. A species previously listed from China as C. nigrovenosus (van der Weele, 1907), is herein described as a new species, Ctenochauliodes stigmosus sp. nov. A revised key to males of the genus is provided. An updated interspecific phylogeny of Ctenochauliodes is also presented.
The type of the enigmatic creeping water bug Naucoris sumatranus FIEBER, 1851 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Naucoridae)
Authors: ZETTEL HERBERT
Published: February 2019

In the Malesian faunal region the Naucoridae or creeping water bugs comprise 79 described species, which have been mostly subject to recent reviews and revisions (see checklist and references in Chen et al. 2005; and Zettel 2007, Polhemus & Polhemus 2008, Polhemus et al. 2008, Sites & Suputa 2008, Sites & Vitheepradit 2011). However, an exception, Naucoris sumatranus remained untreated for 160 years, since its short original description by Fieber in 1851. To fill this gap the type specimen in the Natural History Museum Vienna is redescribed and the species identity is discussed.
Taxonomy and distribution of Terebellides (Polychaeta, Trichobranchidae) in Icelandic waters, with the description of a new species
Authors: PARAPAR JULIO , MOREIRA JUAN , HELGASON GUDMUNDUR V.
Published: February 2019

Based on material collected during the BIOICE project, the taxonomy and distribution of Terebellides (Polychaeta; Trichobranchidae) in Icelandic waters is presented. Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1853 and Terebellides gracilis Malm, 1874 (as Terebellides williamsae Jirkov, 1989) were previously reported from the area. Terebellides atlantis Williams, 1984 is reported for the first time after the original description and redescribed. Terebellides bigeniculatus sp. nov. is diagnosed by the presence of two thoracic chaetigers with geniculate chaetae. Terebellides williamsae Jirkov, 1989 is proposed as a junior synonym of T. gracilis, whose holotype is redescribed herein. Several body characters with high taxonomic value in Terebellides are reviewed under the SEM; additions to the diagnosis and new potential characters for a future taxonomic revision and phylogenetic study of the genus are also suggested. The geographical and bathymetric distribution of each species in relation to the GIF Ridge is discussed, and a key to Terebellides species from North East Atlantic waters is provided.
Periclimenaeus echinimanus sp. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pontoniinae), a new species from the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea
Authors: ĎURIŠ ZDENĚK , HORKÁ IVONA , AL–HORANI FUAD
Published: February 2019

A new species of sponge-associated pontoniine shrimp from the northeastern Red Sea is described and illustrated. The new species is closely related to Periclimenaeus rhodope, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by the dense spinulation of the second pereiopod chelae. The new species is placed in the Periclimenaeus robustus species group, on account of the presence of the anterodorsal median lobe on the first abdominal segment. The new species is the first representative of the genus reported from a discrete Red Sea locality.
Nomenclatural notes on Cyornis and Rhinomyias flycatchers (Aves: Muscicapidae) of South-East Asia
Authors: MLÍKOVSKÝ JIŘÍ
Published: February 2019

A nomenclatural revision of two flycatcher names first introduced into the literature by Blyth (1870) and other relevant names showed the following: (1) Cyornis cyanopolia should be attributed to Blyth (1870) and is a valid name for the flycatcher Cyornis unicolor cyanopolia Blyth. (2) Muscicapa infuscata should be attributed to Blyth (1870) and is a junior subjective synonym of Rhinomyias umbratilis (Strickland, 1849). (3) Cyornis infuscata Hartert, 1902, never existed as a zoological name. (4) Cyornis harterti Robinson & Kinnear, 1928, is not available for nomenclatural purposes.