bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the role of intermolecular vibrational motions for ice polymorphs. III. Mode characteristics associated with negative thermal expansion
Authors: Tanaka Hideki , Yagasaki Takuma , Matsumoto Masakazu
Published: November 2021

Low-pressure ice forms, such as hexagonal and cubic ice, expand on cooling below temperature 60 K. This negative thermal expansivity has been explored in terms of phonon frequency modulation with varying volume and attributed to the negative Grüneisen parameters unique mostly to tetrahedrally coordinated substances. However, an underlying mechanism for the negative Grüneisen parameters has not been known except some schematic analyses. We investigate in this study the characteristics of the intermolecular vibrational modes whose Grüneisen parameters are negative by examining the individual vibrational modes rigorously. It is found that the low frequency modes below 100 cm−1, which we explicitly show are mostly bending motions of three hydrogen-bonded molecules, necessarily accompany elongation of the hydrogen bond length at peak amplitudes compared with that at the equilibrium position in executing the vibrational motions. The elongation gives rise to a decrease in the repulsive interaction while an increase in the Coulombic one. The decrease in the repulsive interaction is relaxed substantially by expansion due to its steep slope against molecular separation compared with the sluggish increase in the Coulombic one, and therefore, the negative Grüneisen parameters are obtainable. This scenario is tested against some variants of cubic ice with various water potential models. It is demonstrated that four interaction-site models are suitable to describe the intermolecular vibrations and the thermal expansivity because of the moderate tendency to favor the tetrahedral coordination.
Innovative sliding negative pressure adsorptive approach applied to an underwater climbing adsorption robot
Authors: Guo Tingting , Liu Xiuyan , Song Dalei
Published: November 2021

Traditional underwater climbing robots that use vacuum, thrusters, or magnetism as adsorption sources have many drawbacks, such as the inability to move on coarse surfaces and overcome obstacles and poor adsorption forces. In this paper, a new sliding negative pressure adsorption mechanism (SNPAM) is proposed and applied to the design of an underwater climbing adsorption robot. First, this paper theoretically analyzes the pressure and force characteristics of noncontact SNPAMs based on the Bernoulli theorem. Then, factors that influence the adsorption force—such as the outer radius, flow rate, and gap height—and their cause are calculated, simulated, and verified experimentally, and discussed from the application perspective. Finally, the SNPAM was finally applied to an underwater climbing robot. The results show that the robot can generate a maximum adsorption force of 600 kgf at a gap height of 12 mm in adsorption mode, and can maintain a maximum force of 363 kgf at a gap height of 28 mm in locomotion mode. The mathematical model allows the robot to adjust both the gap height and adsorption force according to various adsorbate surface conditions. Application experiments confirm the SNPAM's ability to help an underwater climbing robot to perform adsorption and locomotion.
Sub-100-nm periodic nanostructure formation induced by short-range surface plasmon polaritons excited with few-cycle laser pulses
Authors: Iida Yuto , Nikaido Seiya , Miyaji Godai
Published: November 2021

We have demonstrated that intense 7-fs, ∼810-nm laser pulses can produce a much finer periodic nanostructure on a diamond-like carbon film through ablation in air than that formed with intense 100-fs, ∼800-nm laser pulses. The minimum period size is ∼60 nm, corresponding to ∼1/13 of the center wavelength. To understand the physical mechanism responsible for the finer nanostructuring, we have observed a bonding structural change in the nanostructure with micro-Raman spectroscopy and a scanning transmission electron microscope. It has been found that the modified layer thickness with the 7-fs pulses is much thinner than that with the 100-fs pulses. The results show that the 7-fs pulses create a few-nm-thick layer with high-density electrons and excite short-range surface plasmon polaritons, which have a large wave number around the layer and induce the plasmonic near-field nanoablation. The period size estimated by using a model target reproduces well the observed size of nanostructures.
An accurate, non-empirical method for incorporating decoherence into Ehrenfest dynamics
Authors: Esch Michael P. , Levine Benjamin G.
Published: November 2021

In mixed quantum-classical nonadiabatic molecular dynamics methods, the anchoring of the electronic wave function to a single nuclear geometry results in both quantitative and qualitative errors in the dynamics. In the context of both Ehrenfest and trajectory surface hopping methods, methods for incorporating decoherence are widely used to eliminate these errors. However, the accuracy of these methods often depends strongly on the parameterization of the decoherence time and/or other related quantities. Here, we present a refinement of the recently introduced collapse to a block (TAB) scheme for incorporating decoherence into Ehrenfest dynamics. The proposed approach incorporates an approximation to the history of the population dynamics and treats the coherence decay as Gaussian, rather than exponential. This method uses parameters that can be obtained from first principles, rather than empirical fitting. Application to one-dimensional models indicates excellent agreement with numerically exact simulations. We also introduce a second refinement to the TAB method: a robust linear least-squares algorithm for determining collapse probabilities.
Microsecond dynamics of molecular negative ions formed by low-energy electron attachment to fluorinated tetracyanoquinodimethane
Authors: Pshenichnyuk Stanislav A. , Modelli Alberto , Asfandiarov Nail L. , Rakhmeyev Rustam G. , Safronov Aleksey M. , Tayupov Mansaf M. , Komolov Alexei S.
Published: November 2021

Low-energy (0–15 eV) electron interactions with gas-phase 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ) molecules are studied under single collision conditions using dissociative electron attachment spectroscopy. The experimental findings are supported by density functional theory calculations of the virtual orbital energies and energetics of the dissociative decays. Long-lived molecular negative ions F4-TCNQ− are detected in a wide electron energy range (0–3 eV) with electron detachment times in the range of milliseconds. Although plenty of decay channels are observed, their intensities are found to be very small (two to four orders of magnitude relative to the F4-TCNQ− signal). These findings prove that the structure of this strong electron-accepting molecule bearing an excess electron is robust in its electronic ground state, even when highly (up to 6 eV) vibrationally excited. As many as nine metastable fragment anions formed slowly (in the 16–23 µs range) are found in the negative ion mass spectrum of F4-TCNQ, as never observed before in compounds possessing high electron-accepting ability. The present results shed some light on microsecond dynamics of isolated F4-TCNQ molecules under conditions of excess negative charge, which are important for understanding the functionality of nanoscale devices containing this molecule as a structural element.
Better Access: substantial shift to telehealth for allied mental health services during COVID-19 in Australia
Authors: Reay Rebecca , Kisely Stephen R. , Looi Jeffrey C. L.
Published: November 2021

Objective To quantify the introduction of new, temporary telehealth Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) items delivered by allied mental health professionals (AMHPs) through the Better Access initiative during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. Methods MBS-item service data for clinical psychologists, registered psychologists, social workers, and occupational therapists were extracted for existing face-to-face, remote videoconferencing and new, temporary telehealth items for the study period April–December 2020. The total number of services in Australia were compared with the baseline period of 2019. Given the second wave of increased COVID-19 infections and prolonged lockdowns in the state of Victoria, we compared the per capita rate of services for Victoria versus other states and territories. Results During the study period, there was an overall 11% increase in all allied mental health consultations. Telehealth use was substantial with 37% of all sessions conducted by videoconferencing or telephone consultations. The peak month was April 2020, during the first wave of increasing COVID-19 cases, when 53% of consultations were via telehealth. In terms of Victoria, there was an overall 15% increase in all consultations compared with the same period in 2019. Conclusions Allied mental health services via MBS-subsidised telehealth items greatly increased during 2020. Telehealth is an effective, flexible option for receiving psychological care which should be made available beyond the pandemic. What is known about the topic? Little is known about the transition to and delivery of new, temporary Better Access telehealth services by AMHPs during the COVID-19 pandemic. What does this paper add? This paper provides valuable data on the rapid transition to telehealth by AMHPs to provide levels of psychological care commensurate to 2019. Data extends from April to December 2020 and includes the overall number of services provided for each profession, and the proportion of services delivered via face-to-face and telehealth. We highlight the impact of the new, additional items which temporarily raised the cap on sessions. We also illustrate the substantial use of the scheme by those living in Victoria who experienced greater COVID-19-related hardships. What are the implications for practitioners? The continuation of Better Access telehealth services by AMHPs has the potential to extend the reach of mental health care beyond the pandemic.
Global rates and patterns of channel migration in river deltas
Authors: Jarriel Teresa , Swartz John , Passalacqua Paola
Published: November 2021

Significance

River deltas are home to hundreds of millions of people and are currently undergoing natural and anthropogenically forced changes to their channel networks. It is important to document current decadal rates of delta channel migration to develop a better understanding of what global-scale phenomena exert influence on rates of change. We can then use that information to predict how future changes will continue to affect deltas and those who inhabit them. After extracting channel migration vectors from 48 deltas, we reconcile rates of migration with magnitudes of fluvial forcing, sediment flux, and flood frequency. By embedding the findings of this study in delta management strategies, a balance between human habitation and the natural dynamics of deltas can potentially be reached.
Mutation in Abl kinase with altered drug-binding kinetics indicates a novel mechanism of imatinib resistance
Authors: Lyczek Agatha , Berger Benedict-Tilman , Rangwala Aziz M. , Paung YiTing , Tom Jessica , Philipose Hannah , Guo Jiaye , Albanese Steven K. , Robers Matthew B. , Knapp Stefan , Chodera John D. , Seeliger Markus A.
Published: November 2021

Significance

We performed an in-cell screen of imatinib binding against a library of Abl kinase mutants derived from patients with imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia. The majority of mutations readily bind imatinib, posing the question of how these mutations cause resistance in patients. We identified several kinetic mutants, one of which binds imatinib with wild-type affinity but dissociates considerably faster from the mutant kinase. Using NMR and molecular dynamics, we found that this mutation increases the conformational dynamics of the mutant protein, linking conformational dynamics of the protein to drug dissociation. The results underline the importance of drug dissociation kinetics for drug efficacy and propose a kinetic resistance mechanism that may be targetable by altering drug treatment schedules.
Nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils challenge climate sustainability in the US Corn Belt
Authors: Lawrence Nathaniel C. , Tenesaca Carlos G. , VanLoocke Andy , Hall Steven J.
Published: November 2021

Significance

Agricultural nitrogen (N) inputs stimulate production of nitrous oxide (N
2
O), a potent greenhouse gas, from cropped soils and waterways. Temporal and spatial variability challenge our understanding of N
2
O sources, and high emissions from intermittent and headwater streams have been proposed to explain high emissions from the US Corn Belt region. However, our intensive field measurements and literature synthesis show that N
2
O emissions from agricultural soils with even moderately impaired drainage are similar to regional atmospheric measurements. Mitigation of N
2
O will therefore require widespread agricultural management change, as opposed to targeting emissions hotspots or adopting field-edge practices. The outsized impact of N
2
O emissions from drainage-impaired Corn Belt soils exceeds climate benefits of current efforts to increase soil carbon through agricultural management.
Sensory Experiences
Authors: Dubois Danièle , Cance Caroline , Coler Matt , Paté Arthur , Guastavino Catherine
Published: November 2021

Sensory Experiences: Exploring meaning and the senses describes the collective elaboration of a situated cognitive approach with an emphasis on the relations between language and cognition within and across different sensory modalities and practices. This approach, grounded in 40 years of empirical research, is a departure from the analytic, reductive view of human experiences as information processing.

The book is structured into two parts. Each author first introduces the situated cognitive approach from their respective sensory domains (vision, audition, olfaction, gustation). The second part is the collective effort to derive methodological guidelines respecting the ecological validity of experimental investigations while formulating operational answers to applied questions (such as the sensory quality of environments and product design).

This book will be of interest to students, researchers and practitioners dealing with sensory experiences and anyone who wants to understand and celebrate the cultural diversity of human productions that make life enjoyable!
Verum focus and Romanian polar questions
Authors: Giurgea Ion
Published: November 2021

Most previous research on the intonation of Romanian polar questions has claimed that the neutral pattern has the main prominence (nuclear accent) on the finite verb, and a final contour characteristic of questions with early focus. I argue that this pattern is not neutral, at least in information-seeking questions, but indicates verum focus; the neutral pattern has the nuclear accent on the last prosodic word, as expected given the general prosodic properties of Romanian. The data presented will also shed some light on the conditions of use of verum focus in questions.
The downward grammaticalisation of irrealis subordinators in Romanian, Salentino and southern Calabrese
Authors: Groothuis Kim A.
Published: November 2021

Romanian să, Salentino cu and southern Calabrese mu/ma/mi are irrealis subordinators, which also replace the infinitive in many of its uses. The present chapter investigates the diachrony of these elements. It is shown that they are all instances of downward grammaticalisation, deriving from high C-elements which move down to Fin0, and in the case of cu and mu, also further down to T- and v-related positions. quomodo is proposed as an etymon for both cu and mu, rather than the traditionally assumed quod and modo (ut). quomodo, originally replacing ut, follows Haspelmath’s (1989) grammaticalisation path for infinitives when developing into cu and mu. The development of si into să is similar: it develops from a conditional complementiser to general irrealis subordinator.
Differential object marking
Authors: Irimia Monica Alexandrina
Published: November 2021

Under many recent formal accounts, differential object marking has been taken to signal nominals that must undergo licensing in the clausal syntax, as they bear an [uC] feature (Ormazabal & Romero 2013a; Alcaraz 2018; Bárány 2018; Kalin 2018, among others). While this implementation can capture (standard) Spanish data, the empirical facts from Romanian and Neapolitan I address in this contribution support a view where the differential marker must rather be associated with an additional licensing operation beyond [uC]. More generally, this split appears to be an important locus of parametrization in Romance differential object marking, also confirming similar findings in Ledgeway et al. (2019) for other Romance languages.
The causative-inchoative alternation (as we know it) might fall short
Authors: Mangialavori Rasia M. Eugenia
Published: November 2021

This contribution challenges the claim that internal arguments are stable/constant arguments in the causative-inchoative alternation. It presents evidence that a third (external-argument-only) variant, produced by the standard combinatorial system, is possible (and systematic) in Romance and Greek. Free composition with a null causative v
0 independent of the internal-argument-licensing head: explains all the hallmarks of monadic (intransitive) variants; correctly preserves event/argument structure correlation (no internal-argument-introducing head, no change-of-state event); uncovers crosslanguage contrasts concerning ±availability of cause(r) interpretation of sole arguments in equipollent derivations. My argument is supported by a parallel with non-Romance languages with comparable morphology (Greek). Such symmetries show a transparent morpho-semantic-syntactic correlation in the choice of argument frame, extending to other verb classes with transitivity alternation. Greek and Romance data support a (a) wider causative alternation with expected semantic/syntactic/morphological implications; (b) (missing) structural distinction among (in)transitivity alternations. Arguably, languages may differ in the availability of this option, showing at least two patterns of variation.
On wh-extraction in de+que constructions in Spanish
Authors: Martínez Vera Gabriel
Published: November 2021

This chapter discusses wh-extraction in Spanish clauses involving a V+de+CP sequence. The previous literature observes that objects, not adjuncts, may be extracted from a de+CP clause. I make three novel observations: (i) subjects pattern with adjuncts in that they cannot be extracted from de+CP, (ii) there is a ‘distance’ effect in that subject extraction improves with one more level of embedding, and (iii) there is also a ‘distance’ effect regarding adjunct extraction with one more level of embedding. (i)–(iii) are surprising, since subjects otherwise do not pattern with adjuncts regarding extraction in Spanish, and adjunct extraction out of islands is otherwise unacceptable. I provide a phasal account where Phase Collapsing and successive cyclic movement are crucial.
N-grams of grammatical functions and their significant order in the Japanese clause
Authors: Sanada Haruko
Published: November 2021

The present study investigates the statistically significant order of grammatical functions in Japanese clauses by employing n-gram frequency data of grammatical functions. There are broad rules for the order of grammatical functions, though Japanese is an agglutinative SOV language and complements can be elliptic. I conclude that the time and the place appear between the subject and object with statistical significance. The occasion takes a position before the subject, between the subject and object, or after the object. Therefore, the occasion shows that Japanese is a free word order language. The subject and object play the role of ‘anchors’ in the clause. By using the ‘two-sample test for equality of proportions without continuity correction data’, the study introduces a descriptive verification method of implicit speaker-hearer knowledge.
Calculating the victory chances
Authors: Místecký Michal
Published: November 2021

The goal of this chapter is to determine stylometric features and keywords of the selected texts produced by the candidates for the 2018 Czech presidential election, and to interpret whether these may have had any impact upon the final results. The stylometric indexes researched include MATTR (moving-average type-token ratio), ATL (average token length), TC (thematic concentration), STC (secondary thematic concentration), Q (activity), and VD (verb distances); finally, a keyword analysis for two chosen candidatesʼ programmes is carried out. The outcomes of the analyses show that each candidate adopts a special strategy to influence his electorate and that this strategy can be captured via stylometric methods.
Book genre and author’s gender recognition based on titles
Authors: Pawłowski Adam , Herden Elżbieta , Walkowiak Tomasz
Published: November 2021

The subject of this chapter is the application of automatic taxonomy methods to the corpus of microtexts, consisting of book titles. We test two hypotheses. The first one claims that simply on the basis of a book title one can automatically recognize its genre (writing species). The second assumes the possibility of recognizing the author’s gender on the basis of the book’s title. FastText and word2vec methods were applied. The analyses give a positive (and rather astonishing) result: with properly chosen n-grams more than 70% of titles could be correctly assigned a writing species, while the accuracy of the gender recognition of the author was almost 80%. Both values significantly exceed the levels of random recognition. The research was conducted on the corpus of titles derived from the Polish national bibliography.
Quantitative analysis of bibliographic corpora
Authors: Pawłowski Adam , Topolski Krzysztof , Herden Elżbieta
Published: November 2021

The subject of this chapter is bibliographic corpus analysis, with data from the Polish national bibliography from the period 1801–2019. The research allowed us to discover and compare quantitative characteristics of the bibliographic corpus and of the reference corpus of general language. It was shown that the two corpora differ significantly. In particular, differences in the share of particular parts of speech and of the frequency distribution of lexemes were demonstrated. The statistical distributions of word spectra were also studied. The best fit was obtained for generalized inverse Gauss-Poisson and Zipf-Mandelbrot distributions. The analysis of parameters of both distributions for bibliographic and reference corpora also revealed differences between them. The best perspective for future research on bibliographic corpora is, apart from quantitative linguistics, semantic analysis and text-mining.
Pcp1/pericentrin controls the SPB number in fission yeast meiosis and ploidy homeostasis
Authors: Zhu Qian , Jiang Zhaodi , He Xiangwei
Published: November 2021

During sexual reproduction, the zygote must inherit exactly one centrosome (spindle pole body [SPB] in yeasts) from the gametes, which then duplicates and assembles a bipolar spindle that supports the subsequent cell division. Here, we show that in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the fusion of SPBs from the gametes is blocked in polyploid zygotes. As a result, the polyploid zygotes cannot proliferate mitotically and frequently form supernumerary SPBs during subsequent meiosis, which leads to multipolar nuclear divisions and the generation of extra spores. The blockage of SPB fusion is caused by persistent SPB localization of Pcp1, which, in normal diploid zygotic meiosis, exhibits a dynamic association with the SPB. Artificially induced constitutive localization of Pcp1 on the SPB is sufficient to cause blockage of SPB fusion and formation of extra spores in diploids. Thus, Pcp1-dependent SPB quantity control is crucial for sexual reproduction and ploidy homeostasis in fission yeast.
Passively mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser based on a semi-metallic InBi saturable absorber
Authors: Hu Jian-Wei , Long Hui , Wei Zi-Qiao , Huang Rong , Wen Min-Ru , Wu Fu-Gen , Dong Hua-Feng , Tao Lili
Published: November 2021

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have drawn great interest for their applications in mode-locking due to their unique optical nonlinearities. However, most of these 2D materials are semi-conductors. In this study, a new kind of semi-metal indium bismuth (InBi) is reported which is a topological nodal-line semi-metal with exotic physical properties. The InBi nanomaterials were prepared through a liquid phase exfoliation method with an average thickness of 32.8 nm. The saturable absorption property was measured and passive mode-locking operation was successfully achieved in the Er-doped fiber laser. It exhibited a modulation depth of 3.21%, a saturable intensity of 100 MW cm−2 and a pulse width about 859.97 fs corresponding to the central wavelength of 1562.27 nm and 3 dB bandwidth of 2.98 nm. The experimental results open a new avenue for the use of semi-metals InBi nanomaterials in lasers and photonics applications.
Porous hard carbon spheres derived from biomass for high-performance sodium/potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Shuijiao , Tang Kejian , Song Fei , Liu Zhichao , Zhang Nan , Lan Shile , Xie Xiuqiang , Wu Zhenjun
Published: November 2021

Hard carbon is the most attractive anode material for electrochemical sodium/potassium-ion storage. The preparation of hard carbon spheres directly from the broad sources of biomass is of great interest but barely reported. Herein, we developed a simple two-step hydrothermal method to construct porous carbon microspheres directly from the original waste biomass of camellia shells. The porous carbon microspheres have high specific capacities of 250 mAh g−1 and 264.5 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 for sodium-ion batteries and potassium-ion batteries, respectively. And it has excellent cycle stability for sodium ions and potassium ions outperforming most reported hard carbons, which is mainly attributed to the microporous structure and spherical morphology. The work paves a way to prepare porous hard carbon spheres directly from biomass for alkali metal-ion batteries.
Combinatorial selectivity with an array of phthalocyanines functionalized TiO2/ZnO heterojunction thin film sensors
Authors: Sivalingam Yuvaraj , Magna Gabriele , Kalidoss Ramji , Murugan Sarathbavan , Chidambaram David , Nutalapati Venkatramaiah , Jayaraman Surya Velappa , Paolesse Roberto , Di Natale Corrado
Published: November 2021

The development of electronic noses requires the control of the selectivity pattern of each sensor of the array. Organic chemistry offers a manifold of possibilities to this regard but in many cases the chemical sensitivity is not matched with the response of electronic sensor. The combination of organic and inorganic materials is an approach to transfer the chemical sensitivities of the sensor to the measurable electronic signals. In this paper, this approach is demonstrated with a hybrid material made of phthalocyanines and a bilayer structure of ZnO and TiO2. Results show that the whole spectrum of sensitivity of phthalocyanines results in changes of the resistance of the sensor, and even the adsorption of compounds, such as hexane, which cannot change the resistance of pure phthalocyanine layers, elicits changes of the sensor resistance. Furthermore, since phthalocyanines are optically active, the sensitivity in dark and visible light are different. Thus, operating the sensor in dark and light two different signals per sensors can be extracted. As a consequence, an array of 3 sensors made of different phthalocyanines results in a virtual array of six sensors. The sensor array shows a remarkable selectivity respect to a set of test compounds. Principal component analysis scores plot illustrates that hydrogen bond basicity and dispersion interaction are the dominant mechanisms of interaction.
Stability of active photonic metasurface pairs
Authors: Valagiannopoulos Constantinos , Tretyakov Sergei A
Published: November 2021

Adding active components to a photonic device may dramatically enrich and improve its performance but, at the same time, creates the risk of instability, namely, occurrence of unwanted self-oscillations. Stability considerations are not always given the attention they deserve when setups employing gain media are investigated; thus, the desired effects or reported regimes may not be achievable. In this work, a generic electromagnetic configuration comprising a pair of planar impedance metasurfaces is examined and analytical stability conditions for its operation are derived. The obtained results for the analyzed basic module can shed light on the stability conditions of more complex active systems that incorporate such components and serve a broad range of applications from imaging and polarization engineering to invisibility cloaking and wavefront transformations.
Pauli blocking potential applied to heavy-ion fusion reactions *
Authors: Cheng Kai-Xuan , Xu Chang , Ma Chun-Wang , Pu Jie , Wang Yu-Ting
Published: November 2021

In this study, the Pauli blocking potential between two colliding nuclei in the density overlapping region is applied to describe the heavy nuclei fusion process. Inspired by the Pauli blocking effect in the

-decay of heavy nuclei, the Pauli blocking potential of single nucleon from the surrounding matter is obtained. In fusion reactions with strong density overlap, the Pauli blocking potential between the projectile and target can be constructed using a single folding model. By considering this potential, the double folding model with a new parameter set is employed to analyze the fusion processes of 95 systems. A wider Coulomb barrier and shallower potential pocket are formed in the inner part of the potential between the two colliding nuclei, compared to that calculated using the Akyüz-Winther potential. The fusion hindrance phenomena at deep sub-barrier energies are described well for fusion systems

O +

Pb and

Ni +

Ni.
Experimental research of metal hydride heat storage reactor processes
Authors: Blinov D V , Borzenko V I , Bezdudny A V
Published: November 2021

The results of the experimental research of thermal, mass exchange and dynamical characteristics of processes inside the low temperature metal hydride (MH) thermal energy storage system are presented. Single stage pressure driven MH heat storage system of closed cycle concept was studied and tested. Intermetallic compound (IMC) LaFe0.1Mn0.3Ni4.8 in the quantity of 5 kg was used as main hydrogen storage/heat emitter element in the reactor. Nominal maximum hydrogen capacity of the reactor is 850 st.l. with though resulting effective volume of cycled hydrogen ended up to be around 240-250 st.l. The reactor type and intermetallic alloy, which were used in the series of experiments, proved to be somewhat suitable for the task, but more advanced heat exchange design along with selection of different type of IMC promise to increase the cycled effective volume along with the system dynamics, resulting in greater thermal energy power output.
Numerical and experimental study of abnormal enhancement of separated turbulent flow and heat transfer in inclined oval-trench dimples on the plate and on the narrow channel wall
Authors: Isaev S A , Guvernyuk S V , Mikheev N I , Popov I A , Nikushchenko D V
Published: November 2021

The numerically found abnormal enhancement of separated flow and heat transfer in inclined oval-trench dimples (OTDs) on the plate and on the wall of the narrow channel was experimentally confirmed at the stands of the Research Institute of Mechanics (Lomonosov Moscow State University), the Kazan Scientific Center RAS, and the Kazan State Research Technical University – the Kazan Aviation Institute. The measured static pressure drops in a single OTD at Re = 6.7 × 104 and 16.7 × 104, the velocity profiles of accelerating laminar (Re = = 1000) and turbulent (Re = 4300) flows in the narrow channel with two rows of 26 OTDs, the estimate of Nusselt numbers on the channel wall with single-row OTDs are in good agreement with the numerical predictions within the RANS approach.
Modeling of heat transfer in an element with anisotropic porosity
Authors: Kozhukhov N N , Kozhukhova E A , Konovalov D A , Prutskikh D A , Perunova V I
Published: November 2021

The paper presents the results of modeling the heat transfer process in a channel filled with a porous medium. Moreover, the porosity changes according to the specified law along one of the coordinates. It is shown that an element with anisotropic porosity has better heat transfer characteristics in comparison with an element with a homogeneous porous structure.
Experimental investigation of heat and mass transfer of an annular impinging jet
Authors: Philippov M V , Chokhar I A , Terekhov V V , Terekhov V I , Baranov I N
Published: November 2021

This work presents an experimental study of a turbulent flow and heat transfer of an annular impinging jet for organizing effective surface cooling. Heat and mass transfer of the impinging annular jet was studied at Re = 5500. At that, a distance from the nozzle to the wall was varied. The focus was made on configurations with small nozzle-to-wall distances. It is shown that, depending on the indicated distance, fundamentally different flow regimes with characteristic features of heat transfer distribution are observed.
Features of thermodynamic and thermal processes in hydrogen combustion units and systems on their basis
Authors: Schastlivtsev A I , Borzenko V I
Published: November 2021

The main types and designs of hydrogen combustion units (HCU), including hydrogen-oxygen steam generators, superheaters and air heaters of various power levels, are considered. The main problems arising in the development, creation and testing of such installations are determined, including the problems of cooling the most heat-stressed units, mixing of the main components of the fuel and oxidizer, mixing of high-temperature combustion products and ballasting components, problems associated with the completeness of hydrogen combustion and ensuring safety during operation.
Development of water deaeration technologies with boiler exhaust gases
Authors: Zamaleev M M , Kovalnogov V N , Kamalova R I , Pazushkina O V
Published: November 2021

The calculation of the heat and mass transfer efficiency of the proposed technology for deaeration of water by the exhaust gases of a gas-proof boiler in deaerators of serial design has been performed. The conditions and criterial values of the media consumption in the apparatus have been studied. It is shown that the technology can be successfully applied in operating thermal power plants.
A collocation method for the Williams equation with Chebyshev polynomials
Authors: Germider O V , Popov V N
Published: November 2021

The linearized problem of gas flow in plane channel with infinite walls has been solved in the kinetic approximation. The flow in the channel is caused by a constant pressure gradient parallel to the walls of the channel. The Williams equation has been used as a basic equation, and the boundary condition has been set in terms of the diffuse reflection model. The collocation method for Chebyshev polynomials has been applied to construct the solution of the equation of Williams with the given boundary conditions. The mass flux of the gas in the channel has been calculated.
Analytical theory of high-speed nonequilibrium in a binary mixture of gases with a predominant light component
Authors: Demidov I V , Kuznetsov M M , Kuleshova Y D , Tikhonovets A V
Published: November 2021

Analytical estimates are obtained that allow, first of all, to determine the fundamental conditions for the existence of a high-speed effect. In addition, an analytical assessment of the greatest value of this effect is given.
The attack strategy for a quantum key distribution protocol based on Bell’s theorem
Authors: Hein Chan Myae , Kamalov T F
Published: November 2021

A new eavesdropping strategy is proposed for the Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol. This scheme represents a new kind of intercept/resend strategy based on Bell’s theorem. Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides the foremost reliable form of secure key exchange, using only the input-output statistics of the devices to realize information-theoretic security. In this paper, we present an improved QKD protocol that can simultaneously distribute the quantum secret key. We are already using the QKD protocol with simulated results matched completely with the theoretical concepts.
Light-reflecting characteristics of optically rewritable electronic paper
Authors: Kudreyko A A , Chigrinov V G
Published: November 2021

Light-reflecting characteristics play a crucial role in optically rewritable liquid crystal display (electronic paper). By using a special optimizer software, light-reflecting characteristics of the twisted nematic cell were calculated. The achieved values of the normalized reflection coefficients range within ∼ 0.03 - 0.43, which is comparable or better than other commercial technologies. The calculated contrast ratio of the device is 10 : 1. A 2D image, which can be displayed on the electronic paper was obtained. Comparison of the simulated background color and contrast ratio is very similar with the results, which were obtained in experimental cells of other studies. Our calculations indicate that angular dependence of the reflectance coefficient is almost uniform within a wide range of viewing angles.
Diamagnetic anisotropy and rotational viscosity of 6CHBT nematic liquid crystal
Authors: Kurilov A D , Chekulaev I S , Shammai Irani S M , Parashchuk N S , Bezruchenko V S , Belyaev V V , Chausov D N
Published: November 2021

Nematic liquid crystal with polar terminal NCS group was studied by using acoustic and electro-optical methods. Experimental results on rotational viscosity have been obtained by two methods. The anisotropy of diamagnetic susceptibility of the studied LC with temperature variation was determined based on the comparison of these methods. The present results may be useful for testing physical models of the orientation dynamics of nematic liquid crystals in alternating electric and magnetic fields.
Resistance investigation of diamond-like carbon coatings to cyclic temperature changes
Authors: Makeev M O , Osipkov A S , Batshev V I , Mikhalev P A , Parshin B A , Suasnavas C V , Kozlov A B , Machikhin A S
Published: November 2021

Optical elements used in outer space must be designed considering the effects of such factors as space vacuum, atomic oxygen in low Earth orbit, solar and space radiation, large temperature drops, gas release of spacecraft materials and structural elements, space dust and debris. In order to harden and protect mirror surfaces of optical elements from external factors, it has been promisingly applied diamond-like carbon coatings on their surface. These coatings are characterized by high strength and wear-resistant properties, in particular, high hardness, low friction coefficient, high wear resistance and chemical inertness. This leads to their widespread use in various fields of science and technology, including optical instrumentation. This paper presents the results of testing an aluminum mirror with a diamondlike carbon coating under the effect of cyclic temperature changes for determining their ability to withstand a rapid cyclic ambient temperature change, and specifically, to maintain optical and mechanical properties.
The formation of strip-like vortex motion by surface gravity waves
Authors: Poplevin A V , Filatov S V , Levchenko A A
Published: November 2021

We studied experimentally the generation of vortex flow by non-collinear gravity waves with a frequency of 2.34 Hz. The vortices formed on the water surface have the form of stripes, the width L=π/(2k sin θ) of which is determined by the wave vector k and the angle between them, and the length is determined by the size of the system. We demonstrate that the measured dependence Ω(t) can be described within the recently developed model that considers the Eulerian contribution to the generated vortex flow and the effect of surface contamination.
Particularities of photonic and structural transformations in the polystyrene film during pulsed infrared laser irradiation
Authors: Tsebruk I S , Provotorov P.V. , Klassen N V
Published: November 2021

Two new kinds of the structural in-homogeneities in the polystyrene films were created by the irradiation of the film with nanosecond pulses of the infrared laser with 1064 nm wavelength. At the beginning of the irradiation dark micro-inclusions having unusual close to rectangular geometries appeared. After about 30 seconds of the irradiation one more kind structural distortions appeared having the geometries of the systems of the concentric micro-rings. Simultaneously with the creation of these concentric micro-rings the film started to emit bright blue luminescence all over its area and significant focusing of the laser beam during its propagation through the film was observed resulting in the generation of the bright white flashes at the screen installed behind the film. The creation of the dark rectangular spots as well as of the concentric micro-rings are ascribed to the non-linear interactions between the laser radiation and the structural distortions produced in the film due to photo-thermal processes excited in the film.
Specificity of the second sound standing waves behavior in a medium with nanoparticles
Authors: Esina A A , Efimov V B
Published: November 2021

The experimental studies of the second sound waves propagation in a resonator with a deuterium-helium gel were carried out. The latest experimental results, combined with those obtained in earlier experiments, have shown that the propagation of the second sound waves in gels leads to their significant attenuation and a decrease in the propagation velocity. This behavior differs from the case of the propagation of the sound waves of a two-component system with a strongly slow normal component and may indicate changes in the properties of superfluidity under confined geometry conditions.
Broad temperature range ferrielectric liquid crystal with subwavelength helix pitch
Authors: Kuznetsov A V , Minchenko M V , Tkachenko T P , Pozhidaev E P
Published: November 2021

The ferrielectric liquid crystal (FerriLC) phase with the helix pitch po
of about 100 nm was revealed in a broad temperature range from -3°C to + 35°C in a mixture containing an achiral smectic-C (SmC) biphenylpyrimidine and two non-mesogenic chiral diesters of 4,4”-terphenyl dicarboxylic acid.
Computational experiment of the thin-film electroluminescent display devices applicability in aviation
Authors: Evsevichev D A , Maksimova O V , Samokhvalov M K
Published: November 2021

The development of methods and means of testing the applicability of thin-film electroluminescent indicator devices as displays in aircraft is carried out. Thin-film electroluminescent displays are used in equipment and systems that require high image quality and reliability, as well as a long service life of the devices. The result of the performed work is the ExpAT program, which allows to carry out a computational experiment to test of the applicability of the TFEL indicator devices in aeronautical engineering. As a result of the computational experiment, variants of structures of thin-film emitting structures that meet the operating conditions of indicators in avionics are shown.
Automation of procedure for diagnostics of thin film electroluminescent indicators’ structure
Authors: Maksimova O V , Nikolaev P V , Moiseenko S V , Belyaev V V
Published: November 2021

Problems of measurement automation for creating a testing system are considered. This system accelerates the process of parameters controlling in the production and development of new samples of indicator (display) technology. The main parameters of the indicators are defined, the tasks of automation of measuring processes are indicated, the hardware and software structure of the system is developed. The main features of an integrated approach to solve the problems of automating the process of testing the structures of thin-film electroluminescent indicators were proposed, the parameters of thin-film electroluminescent indicators were considered as the basis for forming the composition of an automated testing complex, and the automation of processing the experimental results at the software level was described. The ideas outlined in this article make it possible to formulate a technical task for the development of a complex for automated measurement of the parameters of thin-film electroluminescent elements, as well as its components and software.
Evaluation of electromagnetic pollution index (EMPI) emitted from multiple sources
Authors: Frah M A A , Belyaev V V
Published: November 2021

In this paper the cooperative electromagnetic pollution index (EMPI) from many RF sources is evaluated in terms of three components which are strength of magnetic and electric field expressed in A/m and V/m, respectively, and irradiated power in W/m2. They are generated by a portable laptop computer (LC) with a liquid crystal monitor and other three sources in front area of it. The LC radiation interference with radiation from mobile phone, Wi-Fi and microwave oven in the radio frequency range from 300 Hz up to 3GHz has been measured. The experiment involves testing 45 different points in the keyboard area and 45 points in the in front area of the PC in its operating state. After that a comparison was made between the calculated values for multiple sources frame work and the measured experimental values. Then these EMPI values have been compared with the internationally recommended SAR values.
Physical and methodological approach to the modern methods of the investigation of dental materials properties
Authors: Kobzar A N
Published: November 2021

Each medical doctor should be able to complete professional tasks using their knowledge of physics, especially when providing a comprehensive care to a patient. This article reveals how to use knowledge of the course of physics specially developed of a Medical University to help trainee medical doctors to develop skills to complete professional tasks. Content of physics and its tasks for a Medical University must be professionally oriented. This article provides a classification of professionally oriented questions of physics specially made to be taught at a Medical University. It also gives content a sample of a professionally oriented task in physics for a Medical University. All these above mentioned tasks are closely correlating with each other. As an example, the article explains specific of teaching Biophysics at a Medical University. Professionally oriented content of Biomechanics - modern methods of study properties of materials used for dental care. Methods of physics for destructive inspection testing: tensile strength, compressive strength, hardness of materials, Poisson's ratio, fluctuating stress and dynamic testing etc. Methods of physics for non-destructive inspection testing: thermal, acoustic, optical, radio-wave, radiative, capillary, magnetic and electric testing.