bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN E-MODUL BERBASIS SCHOOLOGY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI SUHU DAN KALOR
Authors: Rezeki Sri , Halim A. , Nasrullah Nasrullah , Yusrizal Yusrizal , Ilyas Suhrawardy
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peningkatan pemahaman konsep belajar peserta didik kelas XI  SMAN 9 Banda Aceh setelah diterapkan media e-modul berbasis schoology pada materi suhu dan kalor. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi experimental design dengan rancangan pre-test dan post-test control group design. Sampel penelitian diambil secara purposive sampling yang kemudian dibagi menjadi kelas ekperimen dan kelas kontrol. Data pemahaman konsep dikumpulkan dari nilai tes objektif pilihan ganda pre-test dan post-test. Data pemahaman konsep tersebut kemudian diuji berdasarkan nilai uji-t. Hasil penilaian pemahaman konsep secara statistik dapat diketahui bahwa pengujian hasil tes menggunakan uji-t dengan t-hitung senilai 6,302 lebih besar dari nilai t-tabel yaitu 1,671, sehingga dapat disimpulkan adanya perbedaan secara signifikan. Analisis data dan pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan berbantukan SPSS untuk Windows Versi 20. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan media e-modul  berbasis schoology meningkatkan pemahamn konsep peserta didik dibandingkan dengan model konvensional.
Implementation of the Problem Base Learning Model combined with E-STEM Based Student Worksheets on Learning Outcomes and Self Efficacy on Environmental Pollution Materials
Authors: Amalya Cut Putri , Artika Wiwit , Safrida Safrida , Nurmaliah Cut , Muhibbuddin Muhibbuddin , Syukri M.
Published: November 2021

The learning process has not emphasized the development of skills; this is because in learning students tend to memorize concepts so that learning outcomes and self-efficacy are not trained optimally. The formulation of the problem in this study is: is there a difference in learning outcomes and student self-efficacy between the use of the Problem Base Learning model combined with the E-STEM-based Student Worksheet with the Problem Base Learning model on environmental pollution material at MAN Banda Aceh? This research is quantitative with an experimental research approach. The research design used was pretest-posttest control group design. The population of this study was all students of class X MAN 3 Banda Aceh, totaling 84. The sampling technique used a total sampling of 84 students. The instrument used to measure learning outcomes is multiple choice questions using 30 questions and self-efficacy is measured using a questionnaire. Data analysis of learning outcomes and self-efficacy of students using independent sample t-test at a significant level of 0.05. The results showed that there were differences in student learning outcomes and self-efficacy after applying the Problem Base Learning model combined with the E-STEM-based Student Worksheet on environmental pollution materials at MAN Banda Aceh
More on search for causes of sensitization to tuberculin PPD for mammals in cattle
Authors: Baratov M. O. , Huseynova P. S.
Published: November 2021

Despite the large number of papers dealing with the description of proposed methods for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis and mechanisms of non-specific reaction development in diseased and healthy animals, various aspects require further study. Many specialists are still of the view, formulated when studying causes of pseudoallergic reactions, that the agents of actinomycosis, trematode infections etc. can cause sensitization of the animal body to tuberculin PPD for mammals. The possibility of sensitization of cattle body to Аctinomyces bovis tuberculin was studied in 240 animals identified as actinomycosis diseased among 3,473 tested animals. Only 11 (4.6%) of the total number of diseased animals were reactors to tuberculin PPD for mammals. During bacteriological tests of material from animals euthanized for diagnostic purposes (tuberculin reactors and nonreactors with a confirmed postmortem diagnosis of actinomycosis), acid-tolerant nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) cultures were isolated. The results of the experiment conducted in 628 cows of a dairy holding confirmed that Actinomyces bovis lacks tuberculin-associated allergenicity: actinomycosis was detected only in one of 96 (15.2%) tuberculin reactors. The conducted clinical tests with high significance level (Р < 0.005) showed that there is no association between allergic reaction to tuberculin PPD for mammals and actinomycosis infection. The obtained results are indicative of imperfections in differential diagnosis, and further studies in this field should significantly contribute to gaining a better insight into non-specific sensitization of cattle body to tuberculin.
Semi-quantitative risk assessment of peste des petits ruminants introduction with wild animals into Russian Federation
Authors: Shcherbinin S. V. , Korennoy F. I. , Akimova T. P. , Karaulov A. K.
Published: November 2021

The Russian Federation was officially recognized free from peste des petitts ruminants (PPR). As far as the disease infects both domestic and wild small ruminants, it is important to identify the level of the threat associated with the wild fauna diversity in the neighboring countries, where PPR outbreaks were reported. For that reason, habitats of various disease susceptible animal species were examined. Habitats of the wild susceptible animals were mapped for further examination of the interactions between different animal species using zoological research data; PPR outbreaks in wild animals were also designated in the map thus allowing for the detection of the potential routes of the infection spread in the population and introduction to the country. Analysis of the PPR epidemic situation in the country demonstrated that the disease cases were reported in wild mountain animals (ibices and moufflons) and migratory steppe animals (gazelles and saigas). Risk of this highly contagious viral disease spread in wild small ruminants in Mongolia was reported (probability 0.77). Expert survey was carried out for the determination of possible trends and factors of the infection introduction with the wild susceptible animals, through which small ruminant epizootologists assessed the risk probability. During the survey it was determined that PPR was expected to be introduced from Mongolia (probability 0.81), and of major significance were seasonal migrations of wild animal populations. The resulted semi-quantitative parameters of the potential risk can be recommended for the arrangement and implementation of measures aimed at prevention of PPR introduction and spread in the intact domestic and wild small ruminant populations inhabiting the territory of the Russian Federation.
Prospects for the use of a Bacillus subtilis metabolites-based feed additive in dairy farming
Authors: Malkov S. V. , Krasnoperov A. S. , Poryvaeva A. P. , Oparina O. Yu. , Belousov A. I. , Brilliant A. N.
Published: November 2021

Laboratory and field experiment on use of the feed additive based on Bacillus subtilis endo- and exometabolites for the cows in different physiological periods are described in the paper. The feed additive impact on main body systems of the tested cows (n = 30), milk production parameters, growth rate of the calves (n = 18) born to the said cows were examined. The feed additive was added to the diets for the cows of test groups, 15 g per cow. The feed additive was found to have a positive effect on immunohematological and metabolic processes in postpartum cows. Neutrophils’ phagocytic activity increased by 12.5% and 14.6% in the animals of test group 1 and test group 2, respectively, as compared to that one in control animals (42.8 ± 1.9%). Neutrophil absorbency increased by 2.5 times, 3.2 times and 2.1 times in the animals of test group 1, test group 2 and control group, respectively. The proportion of T-lymphocytes in blood of animals in test group 1 and test group 2 was 44.5 and 48.9%, respectively, proportion of T-lymphocytes in blood of control animals equaled to 37.5%. Trend for increase in total protein concentration in cow sera owing to increase in albumin fraction was observed in postpartum period: it was 72.91 ± 3.45 g/l in test group 1; 75.54 ± 4.12 g/l in test group 2; 70.95 ± 4.25 g/l in control group. Average daily milk yield in cows of test group 1, test group 2 and control group for the 150 days of lactation was 24.50 ± 1.86 kg; 25.33 ± 1.45 kg and 22.75 ± 4.41 kg, respectively. Higher growth rate was reported for the calves born to the cows received the diet supplemented with the said feed additive. Heifers of test group 1 and test group 2 have reached body weight of 193.51 ± 5.76 and 195.33 ± 3.76 kg and in control group – of 187.33 ± 4.98 kg within 6 months. Feed additive based on endo- and exometabolites of Bacillus subtilis is recommended for cow diets for highly productive dairy herd creation and food-producing animal welfare maintenance.
ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM NO PÓS-OPERATÓRIO DE CIRURGIA DE REVASCULARIZAÇÃO DO MIOCÁRDIO: relato de experiência.
Authors: Falcão Aline Sousa
Published: November 2021

Introdução: a revascularização do miocárdio consiste em restabelecer a circulação sanguínea arterial em determinada área do músculo cardíaco, na qual a artéria apresenta elevado grau de obstrução e di
The Future of Continental Philosophy of Religion by Clayton Crockett, B Keith Putt, and Jeffrey W Robbins
Authors: Denysenko Anatoliy
Published: November 2021

Book review:
The Future of Continental Philosophy of Religion. Edited by Clayton Crockett, B. Keith Putt, and Jeffrey W. Robbins. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2014. 352 pp.; ISBN 9780253013880 (pbk.); $40.
Development of an Index to Measure West Nile Virus Transmission Risk in New Jersey Counties
Authors: Rosenbaum Aaron M. , Ojo Mojisola , Dumenci Levent , Palumbo Aimee J. , Reed Lisa , Crans Scott , Williams Gregory M. , Gruener Jennifer , Indelicato Nicholas , Cervantes Kim
Published: November 2021

We developed an index for use by New Jersey counties to measure West Nile virus (WNV) transmission risk to the human population. We used a latent profile analysis to develop the index, identifying categories of environmental conditions associated with WNV transmission risk to humans. The final model included 4 indicators of transmission risk: mosquito abundance and minimum field infection rate, temperature, and human case count. We used data from 2004 to 2018 from all 21 New Jersey counties aggregated into 11 2-wk units per county per year (N = 3,465). Three WNV risk classes were identified. The Low Risk class had low levels of all variables. The Moderate Risk class had high abundance, average temperature levels, and low levels of the other variables. The High Risk class had substantially above average human case likelihood, average temperature, and high mosquito infection rates. These results suggest the presence of 3 distinct WNV risk profiles, which can be used to guide the development of public health actions intended to mitigate WNV transmission risk to the human population.
A Viability Assessment of Two Commercially Available Sticking Adjuvants Added to a Bifenthrin-Based Barrier Treatment on Aedes taeniorhycnhus
Authors: Boehmler Michael B.
Published: November 2021

In an effort to reduce Aedes taeniorhynchus numbers in the northernmost community of Key Largo, FL (known as Ocean Reef), during the peak summer months, Florida Keys Mosquito Control District (FKMCD) has utilized a bifenthrin-based barrier application (Wisdom TC Flowable®) for several years. The FKMCD conducted a study comparing whether 2 aftermarket wetting/sticking adjuvants could improve the efficacy of the barrier treatments used to control Ae. taeniorhynchus. Maximum label rate was used for 3 separate solutions: Wisdom TC Flowable (1 fl oz/gal [7.81 ml/liter] water) with no additives (Wisdom), Wisdom with Lesco Spreader-Sticker® (0.08 fl oz [2.37 ml]), and Wisdom with Xtended Performance® (2.56 fl oz [75.71 ml]). All solutions were applied to 100-ft (approximately 3 m) sections of tree-lined roadways in Key Largo, FL, using a SR 420® Mistblower backpack sprayer (Stihl Corp.). Leaves were collected from each application area for 8 consecutive weeks. Leaves were used to perform leaf bioassays against local populations of Ae. taeniorhynchus adults, and mortality was recorded at 1, 4, and 24 h postexposure. This process was replicated 3 times. Treatments had variable mortality rates at 1, 4, and 24 h postexposure across 7 wk following application. Mortality rates for all mixtures decreased for all exposure times throughout the study. Overall, the Lesco Spreader-Sticker solution was the only combination with a positive significant difference in adult mortality after 24 h.
Improving the process of learning numerals in the 6th grade by applying algorithms. Part 2. The norms of grammatical combinabilty of numerals with nouns
Authors: Sulnichenko V. N.
Published: November 2021

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"My opinion is that…": the subjective introduction in school students’ written discourse
Authors: Kazakovskaya V. V. , Gavrilova M. V.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The paper is devoted to the analysis of the modes chosen to express the speaker’s/writer’s personal evaluations in essays written by children of eleven and twelve years old. The structural-semantic repertoire of subjectification tools, their functional potential, and frequency of occurrence in descriptive and argumentative essays are considered. It has been found that the ‘subjective’ textual density of argumentative texts reflects the developmental level of verbal introspection (related to the theory of mind) and correlates with children’s academic achievements. The results are compared with the data concerning a later mastering of the linguistic means expressing subjectivity. The research combines the methods of longitudinal and assessment observation, elements of statistical data processing and the theoretical principles of linguistic material analysis accepted in the Petersburg school of functional grammar. The linguistic tools of subjectification are interpreted in connection with the concepts of modus, modus frame, and authorship. The guidelines offered to language and literature teachers take into consideration the cognitive and the systemic-lingual difficulty of various subjectification means; they are aimed to enhance communicative skills promoting successful socialization of school children.
"Without bargaining with your conscience": observations about the linguopoetics of N. A. Nekrasov’s lyrical poetry (to the 200th anniversary of the birth)
Authors: Romanov D. A.
Published: November 2021

The article aims to reveal N. A. Nekrasov’s linguopoetic innovations which underpinned the evolution of the subsequent Russian poetry. Various lexical layers of Nekrasov’s lyrical poetry and their formation against a background of the literary Russian language dynamics in the 1850–70s are analysed. The research outlines the major poetic themes of Nekrasov’s poetry, its linguistic content, and compositional development. The paper also devotes attention to the poet’s metrics and versification (in accordance with M. L. Gasparov’s theory concerning the relationship between metre and meaning). Additionally, specific syntactic features of Nekrasov’s poems, their emotional content, and pathos are revealed. N. A. Nekrasov’s thematic, linguistic, and compositional discoveries are compared with various poetic movements in the Russian poetry at the end of the XIXth and in XXth centuries. Besides the observation of the text, lexical semantic and stylistic analysis, the research also exploits the statistical and linguochronological potential of the Russian National Corpus.
The specific features of the narrative structure of the epilogue to F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel "Crime and Punishment" (to the 200th anniversary of the birth)
Authors: Gejmbukh E. Yu.
Published: November 2021

The paper examines the narrative structure of the epilogue to the novel "Crime and Punishment" by F. M. Dostoevsky. The aim of the study is to describe the techniques employed by the author of the novel to actualise his final speech. The principal methods the research employs include general scientific methods (observation, comparison, and others), general philological methods (contextological, compositional, structural, and others), proper linguistic methods (semantic-stylistic, comparative stylistic, intertextual, and others). To reveal the specific features of the epilogue, the peculiarities of the author’s narration in the main body of "Crime and Punishment" were taken into consideration. In the first place, they are the "telling", dialogical nature, the presence of the author’s final speech. The comparative-contrastive study of the two parts of the epilogue in contrast to the rest of the novel facilitates the determination of the narration uniqueness in the epilogue. The subjective and chronotopic organisation of the final part of "Crime and Punishment" makes the tale move to a different level: the Christian system of coordinates becomes the world view basis of both the author-narrator and the protagonist (lifetime is measured in terms of church holidays, the "mundane" chronotope is replaced by the "Christian" one). The author’s voice in the epilogue is expressed both indirectly and directly, with the help of ironic and dialogic contexts. The author’s stand is manifested in the choice of words as well as in various symbolic details, and numerous references to the preceding contexts, and in the intertextual links of the novel.
The promotion of learners’ mental activity while studying Russian morphology
Authors: Skryabina O. A.
Published: November 2021

The object of the study is the methodology of teaching Russian morphology at secondary school. The subject matter of the research is the teaching potential of morphology for building a system of skills necessary for speech activity and the development of learners’ systematic thinking. The study aims to search for methodological factors that can enhance learners’ mental activity in the process of mastering the morphology of the Russian language. Theoretical research methods (analysis, synthesis, systematisation, generalisation of results) in conjunction with practical research methods (modelling the process of teaching morphology, learning process observation) are employed in the study. The paper examines theoretical sources, practices in teaching morphology at school and suggests ways to reverse negative trends in education. The relevance of the problem is highlighted, in the first place, by the fundamental importance of morphology for learners’ personality development. Secondly, it is emphasised by the fact that modern school-leavers lack the system of morphological skills. Lastly, negative trends in teaching this branch of linguistics as part of the school Russian course persist, which also underlines the relevance of the research. The study focuses on the theoretical aspects of the addressed problem and takes into consideration modern knowledge of psychology, psycholinguistics, linguistics, the methodology of teaching Russian. Additionally, the paper presents methods and techniques of teaching such difficult morphological topics as «The Pronoun», «The Participle», «The Numeral». It is concluded that problem-based learning is effective as its implementation will enable teachers to enhance their students’ mental activity in the process of cognition and optimise the outcomes of teaching Russian morphology at secondary school.
Lowercase or uppercase letter in the names of fairytale heroes and literary characters (from the materials of the academic description of Russian spelling)
Authors: Beshenkova E. V.
Published: November 2021

This article aims to create a rule explaining the choice of a lower-case or upper-case letter to spell literary characters’ names. The rule should be unambiguous, intrinsically logical, and it should not contradict the codified lexical material. Several formulations of the rule given in reference books were analysed; discrepancies between the rule and dictionary codifications were identified. Additionally, questions and answers related to this issue and obtained from the Russian language query services were studied. As a result, the research revealed types of discrepancies in the recommendations given in the rule and in dictionaries, ambiguous rule formulations that can be interpreted in two ways, and textual conditions that permit different understandings of proper name boundaries. The analysis of the real usage of proper names and their combinations with appositions, attributes, and accompanying words in different types of texts (i. e. in texts created by authors, in fairy tales, byliny, and other authorless texts) resulted in determining several textual conditions which permit or prohibit using this or that combination in the function of a proper name. As for authorless texts, it turned out important to consider the character’s name not only in the work under analysis, but also in the cultural context in its entirety, in the entire fairy tale or heroic epic world. Another significant factor is understanding the boundaries of the proper name and the common nouns accompanying it accepted in this world. Authors are free from the tradition of naming a character in the texts they produce, but at the same time they should take into account the intratextual conditions governing the choice of either a proper name or a common noun. As a result, a special note to the general rule concerning proper name spelling was formulated for the new edition of "The academic rules of orthography". This note identifies different options to understand the boundaries of proper names for various structures. The choice of spelling proper names with a lower-case or a capital letter in a given text depends on the chosen way of understanding the proper name boundaries.
Two essays about E. D. Polivanov’s linguistic activity (to the 130th anniversary of the birth)
Authors: Voloshina O. A.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The paper analyses two episodes of the Russian and Soviet scientist Evgeny Dmitrievich Polivanov’s versatile activity: his opposition to N. Ya. Marr’s ‘science of language’ and attempts to standardise the nomenclature of the linguistics of the beginning of the XXth century in a dictionary of linguistic terms. The research presents E. D. Polivanov’s arguments made against the erroneous doctrine which dominated Soviet linguistics in the 1930–40s. At that time, N. Ya. Marr’s theory was advanced as the only correct direction of scientific development in national linguistics. E. D. Polivanov’s pioneering work to organise national science resulted in the compilation of a new dictionary of linguistic and literary criticism terms. This book was not published and only came out at the end of the XXth century. The paper analyses the definitions of several terms obtained from the edition. Additionally, it is suggested that in E. D. Polivanov’s dictionary one can see a ‘snapshot’ of the evolution of the national linguistics at the beginning of the XXth century.
Evaluation of Congenital Mediastinal Vascular Anomaly Types And Frequencies Among 2000 Cases
Authors: DADALI Yeliz , ÖZKAÇMAZ Sercan , DEMİR Mustafa , BURSALI İlke
Published: November 2021

Aim: Congenital vascular malformations of the thorax are not very common. These conditions are mostly asymptomatic and detected incidentally on imaging performed for various complaints. In this study, it is aimed to examine the incidence of congenital thoracic vascular anomalies in our region.Methods: The features of the patients with non-specific complaints who underwent a thorax Computed Tomography (CT) for over 2 years period were retrospectively reviewed on the hospital database and demographical data (Gender and age) were recorded. All the Computed Tomography CT images were interpreted regarding thoracic vascular anomalies including persistent left superior vena cava, azygos lobe, aberrant right subclavian artery, dilated left superior intercostal vein, right-sided aortic arch, situs inversus, and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. The incidences of these thoracic vascular anomalies were calculated and compared with previous studies. Results: A total of 2000 patients with a mean age of 56.13±14.62 (12-93 years) were included in this study. Among them 776 (38.8%) ones were female (mean age 56.93±15.19 (13-93 years)) and 1224 (61.2%) were male (mean age 55.63±14.23 (12-88 years)). Mediastinal vascular anomaly was detected in 62 (3.1%) patients. A mediastinal vascular anomaly was observed in 27 (3.5%) female patients and 35 (2.6%) male patients. The most common mediastinal vascular anomaly inthis study was the right aberrant subclavian artery (n:17, 0.9%) and the rarest was partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (n:1, 0.1%). Persistent left superior vena cava incidence was 0.3% (n:6), azygos lobe 0.7% (n:14), right-sided aortic arch 0.3% (n:5), situs inversus totalis 0.2% (n:3), and dilated left superior intercostal vein 0.8% (n:16).Conclusion: Mediastinal vascular anomalies are rare and usually asymptomatic. But the imaging findings of these conditions must be well-known to accurately planning the interventions and also to prevent iatrogenic injuries.
Vitamin D Insufficiency as Risk Factor of Severe Pneumonia in Children
Authors: Christin Natalia Kalembang  , Ayu Setyorini Mestika Mayangsari  , Komang Ayu Witarini  , Ni Putu Siadi Purniti  , I Made Kardana  , I Gusti Ngurah Made Suwarba  , I Gusti Agung Ngurah Sugitha Adnyana
Published: November 2021

Severe pneumonia is an infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality in children under five. Several risk factors of severe pneumonia have been established, one of them is vitamin D insufficiency. Risk factors for severe pneumonia can help clinicians to provide better quality of life. This research aimed to prove that vitamin D insufficiency is a risk factor for severe pneumonia in children. This analytical study with case-control design performed in children aged 2 months until 59 months old. Case consisted of 42 subjects who suffered severe pneumonia, while control consisted of 42 subjects who suffered pneumonia. Both groups fulfilled the eligibilities and matched proportionally based on age. The study was conducted from June 2019 to March 2021, level of 25(OH) D was checked in both groups. Data was analyzed by Chi-square test and logistic regression with significant level set at p<0, 05. Total eighty-four subjects with median age 11, 5 month were included in this study and most of them were male (59, 5%). The risk factors of severe pneumonia was vitamin D insufficiency with adjusted odds ratio 4.71 (CI95% 1.15-19.31, p=0.031) and exposure of cigarette smoke with adjusted odds ratio 5.19 (CI95% 1.76-15.31, p=0.003). There was no association of gender, mild malnutrition, non-exclusive breastfeeding and incomplete immunization in this study. Vitamin D insufficiency is a risk factor for severe pneumonia in children.
Long-term effects with policosanol on lipid profile according to hypercholesterolemia severity in older patients
Authors: Julio C. Fernández-Travieso  , José Illnait-Ferrer  , Sarahí Mendoza-Castaño  , Lilia Fernández-Dorta  , Rafael Gámez-Menéndez  , Luis E. López-González  , Juan A Gutiérrez-Martínez  , Magnolia Lezcay-Suarez
Published: November 2021

Background: End-point based studies have demonstrated a direct relationship between coronary disease and elevated serum levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol, as well as the benefits of lowering LDL-C with statins on clinical end-points. Policosanol is a mixture of very long chain fatty alcohols purified from sugar cane wax, with dislipidemia controlling effects, proved in numerous clinical assays in which patients with different conditions were included. The efficacy and tolerability of policosanol in the elderly have been also investigated in several clinical trials, being effective, safe and well tolerated. Objectives: To investigate the effects of policosanol treatment during three years on lipid profile with a proportional intensity to the initial dislipidemia severity in older hypercholesterolemic patients. Methods: The present analysis was obtained from the data of all patients treated with policosanol included in a previous prevention study. One thousand, ford hundred seventy old patients of both sexes, between 60 to 85 years old, with type II hypercholesterolemia, and ³ 1 non-lipid coronary risk factors, were randomized in two groups and treated with policosanol or placebo, during three years. Significant changes on lipid profile with a proportional intensity to the initial dislipidemia severity were considered primary efficacy variables. The analysis was done by Intention-to-treat method. Results: An analysis of the response intensity show that after treatment, reductions of LDL-C, total cholesterol and triglycerides were greater, and according to the initial hypercholesterolemia severity, so that, patients with severe hypercholesterolemia showed the better responses, followed by moderate and mild hypercholesterolemia. An opposite pattern, however, was observed for HDL-C serum concentration. Triglycerides did not respond in the same way. The frequency of vascular serious adverse events was lower in the policosanol group (15 events) compared with those on placebo group (49 events). There were 109 patients who experienced serious adverse events: 83 (11.3 %) in placebo and 26 (3.5 %) in policosanol group (p<0.0001). Twenty-three deaths occurred up to study completion: 19 patients belonging to placebo group (2.6 %) and 4 to the policosanol group (0.5 %). Conclusions: The treatment with policosanol produce positive changes on serum lipid profile according to hypercholesterolemia severity and with a significant lower amount of vascular serious adverse events, mortality, and frequency of total adverse events in older patients.
Seasonal variation in the physicochemical and bacteriological qualities of well water in two sub-divisions of Moundou city (Southern Chad, Central Africa)
Authors: Jaïrus Dionkas  , Antipas Ban-bo Bebanto  , Naré Bongo Ngandolo  , Mian-Oudanang Kossou  , Serge Hubert Zébazé Togouet
Published: November 2021

This study were carried out from May 2019 to July 2020 with the aimed of evaluating the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of well water in the City of Moundou (Chad). The physicochemical analysis showed that, the water from wells in the two sub-divisions were of very poor quality with an average concentration in Suspended Solids (SS) 30.73 ± 2 1.72 mg.L-1, a Turbidity of 11.10 ± 13.34 FTU, the Electrical Conductivity of 1625.9 ± 1398.6, a Total hardness of 1693.1 ± 1198.2 mg.L-1, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) of 167.67 ± 60, 28 mg.L-1, the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 605.93 ± 259.98 mg.L-1 and organic matter 3.75 ± 2.40 mg.L-1. The contamination rate (% non-compliance) of the water points indicates that, during the rainy season the wells were moderately contaminated. Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli induced 29% and 14% respectively, of samples which did not comply with the WHO evaluation criteria (0 germ/mL). As for Total Coliforms and Fecal Coliforms, they were 93% non-compliant each time in the well water samples analyzed. During the dry season, the wells were heavily contaminated with Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli, Total Coliforms and Fecal Coliforms induced approximately 100% of samples were not conform to the criteria of the WHO (0 germ/mL). These waters are therefore not safe for direct consumption without treatment.
Kola as an Indispensable Article of Trade in West Africa
Authors: Francis Adetunji Adesida  , Kayode Akanni Oluyole  , Foluso.Temitope Agulanna  , Yetunde Olasimbo Oladokun  , Adejoke Adebusola Adelusi  , Lydia Ololade Agboola  , Qudus Adebayo Ogunwolu  , Ephraim Ikechukwu Ujunwa  , Fatimoh Bolanle Mustopha
Published: November 2021

This study examines the origin of kola-nuts trade and the indispensability of kola-nut trade in West Africa. Desk research was carried out using past published literature. The study established the fact that kola nut production was indigenous to the West Africa Forest and pinpointed the actual origin of kola-nut especially Cola nitida to be along the western coast of Africa from Sierra Leone to the republic of Benin. On the other hand, the areas of Ijare and Idanre in Ondo State of Nigeria are currently believed to be the places where Cola acumunata originated. The dominant variety of kola-nut grown in Western and Eastern parts of Nigeria was cola acumunata and Cola verticillata. However, in terms of production, before the 19th century the production of cola nitida was limited to the forests west of the Volta River in Ghana. Both linguistic and ethnographic data were used to trace the origin of kola-nut and developed a chronology with regard to the origins and trade routes for kola-nuts. The research work however established the importance of kola-nut production and trade to the economies of West Africa countries where they are produced and traded. It was however recommended that considering the indispensability of kola-nut trade to West Africa particularly Nigeria, the government should take proactive steps to increase the scope of production and trade of this crop in order to improve the livelihoods of kola-nuts farmers and traders as well as increase it contributions to the national economy.
High-throughput phenotyping for drought tolerance in rice
Authors: Abdourasmane Kadougoudiou Konate  , Adama Zongo  , Jean Rodrigue Sangaré  , Audrey Dardou  , Alain Audebert
Published: November 2021

Most lowland rice in West Africa depends mainly on rainfall for water supply. Drought is consequently one of the major constraints on rice production, drastically affecting both plant growth and development. The objective of this work was to study the impact of water deficit both on canopy temperature and on chlorophyll fluorescence level, used as indicators of transpiration and photosynthetic activity. Measurements using infrared thermography and fluorimetry were taken on both 17 lines resulting from the cross IR64 X B6144F-MR-6-0-0 and their two parents plus one tolerant (APO) controls. These 20 lines were phenotyped after applying a drought constraint in a controlled laboratory environment in Montpellier (France) in 2013 and - 2014 and in field in the lowlands of Banfora and Farako-ba (INERA Burkina Faso) in 2014. Results showed that the drought stress sustained by the plants increased canopy temperature in all lines, entailing differential disturbance of the photosynthetic process, markedly depressed in susceptible lines. A classification of the lines with respect to their sensitivity to stress could be established by using the Drought Factor Index (DFI), and Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) as was established a correlation between the phenotyping methods by infrared thermography and fluorimetry. This article propose an efficient application of combined imaging as a rapid and accurate phenotyping tool for crop yield improvement, in particular by monitoring the efficiency of plant responses to the fluctuating of environmental conditions. This study proved the efficiency of the method combining IR thermographie and fluorimetry as a field phenotyping tools for drought resistance.
Incorporation of vegetables in yoghurt as a source of dietary fibre: A review
Authors: Faiza Iqbal  , Muhammad Anees Ur Rehman  , Mah Ahfaq
Published: November 2021

Yoghurt is a fermented dairy product with conspicuous consumption around the world due to its pronounced health benefits. Yoghurt is defined as the food produced by culturing the milk in controlled conditions that contain lactic acid-producing bacteria (Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus. Consumer acceptability of Yoghurt is high due to its health benefits and sensory attributes. It provides 40% calcium and 30-45% phosphorus of daily requirement. All essential amino acids (proline and glycine) are present in Yoghurt. The biological value of milk proteins present in Yoghurt is high. It is considered a rich source of high-quality protein. Health benefits associated with Yoghurt are to improve the gastrointestinal digestion and immune system of humans. Yoghurt is enriched with proteins, carbohydrates, minerals (calcium and phosphorus), and vitamins (vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folate and cobalamin). Yoghurt protein and its peptides have many physiological impacts as well as nutritional value. The only deficiency in Yoghurt is a lack of dietary fibre. The review emphasizes the addition of dietary fibre in Yoghurt to boost up its health benefits.
1000 HPK Parenting Promotion Program in Kepulauan Seribu 2018-2020: Reviewed from The Theory of Hafied Cangara Communication Strategy
Authors: Rahmawati Restu , Cindy Clara
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine about 1000 HPK Parenting Promotion Program In Kepulauan Seribu 2018-2020: Reviewed from the Theory of Hafied Cangara Communication Strategy. This type of research is descriptive research using qualitative methods. Collecting data by conducting observations, interviews, and documentation. The communication strategy carried out by the Thousand Islands PPAPP Sub-Department refers to Hafied Cangara's theory, where in this case the communication strategy in the KIE promotion program for the Care of 1000 HPK is carried out through the first stage and then continues with planning, implementation, evaluation and reporting. The results showed that the communication strategy carried out in the 1000 HPK KIE Promotion Program was carried out through a 1000 HPK parenting training program directly face to face while practicing using the tools provided and online through webinars. In the process of implementing the program, referring to the 2018 National Priority Promotion Projection Technical Guidelines and KIE for the First 1000 Days of Life (HPK). According to Hafied Cangara's theory, the failure of the communication strategy of the 1000 HPK KIE Parenting Promotion Program for 2018- 2020 is the absence of a research process first carried out Kepulauan Seribu Sub-Department PPAPP. 1000 HPK 2018-2020. Thus, to realize the 1000 HPK Care KIE program 2018-2020 to the fullest, a process is needed before the program is implemented so that it is right on target and the community is enthusiastic about participating in the 1000 HPK Care KIE Promotion program.
The Empowerment of Tourism Community Through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Program
Authors: Putro Utomo Djoko , Karsidi Ravik , Dwi Nurhaeni Ismi , Tri Kartono Drajat
Published: November 2021

Community empowerment has an important role in building sustainable tourism. One of the plans used for community empowerment in tourism areas is the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) which involves the implementation and participation of the community in program activities. This study aims to define and describe community empowerment in tourism areas through the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a single embedded case study. The results of this study are: (1) CSR profile of Bank Jatim (East Java Bank), (2) tourism community empowerment based on the CSR program, (3) the implementation of CSR program in tourism area of Pancer Door Beach, and (4) the results of the tourism community empowerment in Pancer Door Beach from CSR program.
The Internal Factors to Improve and Accelerate the Cycle Time of Credit Business at Indonesian Commercial Bank
Authors: . Gilang , . Gilang , . Gilang , . Gilang
Published: November 2021

This research aims at studying the shortcomings of business processes at Bank X Surabaya’s Commercial Banking Center and to accelerate the cycle time of business processes through redesigning processes that remove obstacles and improve service quality. This research examines business processes using a case study method. Its primary data were gathered through individual interviews and focus group. Furthermore, the secondary data were collected from company document investigations and observations of existing business processes. The analysis used Process Flow Diagrams, Cause & Effect Diagrams, Value Added Analysis and Flow Analysis to analyze enabler processes and to improve and redesign existing processes. This study found that the business process at Bank X Surabaya’s Commercial Banking Center requires around 48.85 days completing from the application process to the credit disbursement. Then the To-Be design of business processes is carried out on existing business processes. The proposed process reduces the existing processing time and the calculated cycle time is 30.05 days. The proposed business process effectively reduces cycle times and uses organizational resources to achieve better customer satisfaction.
New Agriculture Technology in Modern Farming
Authors: M Manida , M. K. Ganeshan
Published: November 2021

Progressions in the field of science and innovation alongside worldwide urbanization are the main considerations driving the course and advancement of horticultural examination. Ascend in per capita pay in non-industrial countries, word-related changes, and worldwide linkages have changed the food inclinations. These patterns together with the augmentation in the general population represent an assessment to horticulture for creating more and healthier food. An increase in the efficiency of horticulture by utilizing strategies of traditional agribusiness is representing a limit. The threat to the environment posed by reliance on synthetic manures and pesticides for increasing efficiency and irritation across the board is a major factor impacting global food production. These trends suggest that new farming innovations are urgently needed and that these innovations should be integrated into traditional agribusiness. Vertical cultivating and natural cultivating are the exploration territories to battle these requirements. Vertical cultivating utilizes vertical stacking of the ranches and little land can be used for more creation. This strategy is appropriate for the quickly developing worldwide metropolitan population can be met food supply from inside the urban communities and along these lines decreasing the transportation cost and climate weakening brought about by energizes all the while. Natural cultivating again depends on of minimization of the synthetic contributions to the horticulture and henceforth is climate cordial. As a result, these processes can be employed to increase production and profitability in order to meet the growing food demand.
Impact of Quality on Customers’ Buying Behaviour towards Point of Purchase Display with reference to Haryana
Authors: Sunita Sukhija , Sunita Sukhija
Published: November 2021

The present paper focuses on the impact of quality on customers’ buying behaviour towards point-of-purchase display at various retail outlets in Haryana. Point-of-Purchase Display plays an important role to increase the sale of the retailers. Today customers are rational and prefer quality products at reasonable price. Moreover, due to the emergence of the supermarkets as the dominant retail, the retail industry is experiencing vibrant changes all over the world. Retail industry in India has grown to be more complex and dynamic with an increase rate of speed from unorganized towards being organized. In this research paper data has been collected from 100 respondents and analysed with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) using one way ANOVA and t-test with demographic factors i.e. age-wise, gender-wise, occupation-wise and income-wise. . After analysing the data it was found that, there is neutral relationship in the opinion of different age groups and gender groups over the point-of-purchase display on quality. On the other hand Occupation and income does not have any importance on customers view point regarding ‘quality’. To conclude we can say that point-of-purchase display is not directly related to the quality.
An Association of Education and Income with Convenient Payment Mode in the E-tail Industry during the COVID Pandemic
Authors: K Gurumoorthy , V Sasirekha
Published: November 2021

E-tailing is the process of selling the goods and services to the large number of customers in the smaller quantity through the internet platform. Indian e-tailing sector is showing a burgeoning growth during the COVID Pandemic. The main purpose of the study is to test the association of the demographic variables Education and Income with the customer’s preference towards the mode of payment. The scope of the study is confined with both the tangibles and the intangibles in horizontal e-tailers. The sampling frame of the study is the respondents those who have a previous experience in buying goods from the horizontal e-tailers. The purposive sampling technique was adapted to choose the respondents. The sample size was 620 respondents. The data was collected during COVID pandemic in India. The data analysis tool was the Chi-square test. The result from the data analysis indicates that both the education and income of the customers are related to the customer’s preference towards the convenient mode of payment during the online shopping. The suggestions and conclusions are discussed further in detail.
COVID -19 Impacts on World Business Economy
Authors: M Moses Antony Rajendran , D Vinoth Kumar , Nishanth Arul Dominic
Published: November 2021

The cornerstone for globalization was laid down by brave adventures who were on a quest to discover countries which were isolated from the rest of the world. The diverse culture, cuisine, attire of the people from the newly discovered countries was something which attracted more travelers. It is evident that the lockdown has had severe impact on all global economies whether it would have a lasting impact depends upon on the growing rate of each country and their ability to indulge in production activities even with the restrictions in place due to the rising cases and this solely lies in the hands of the government. If a sizeable number of citizens are vaccinated this would help in achieving herd immunity which would result in decreased infection rate. As the cases decrease the government is more prone to relaxing the lockdown restrictions and lift the curfew which would aid the industries to start production and gradually the economic activities would flourish.
Meningkatkan Daya Dukung Pondasi Tiang Pancang Gedung Baru Rumah Sakit Baptis Kediri Menggunakan Metode Mayerhoff
Authors: Satiti Lintang Ratnasari , Poernomo Yosef Cahyo Setianto , Winarto Sigit , Cahyono Andri Dwi
Published: November 2021

The foundation is an important part of the building structure because it functions as a support. The selection of this pile foundation has various considerations, namely the pile foundation can achieve the hardest soil bearing capacity, made with a manufacturing system, then the quality of the concrete can be guaranteed, the soil bearing capacity is not only obtained from the tip of the pile. Foundation planning needs to be well planned to support user safety and comfort. Pile foundation is one type of foundation chosen because it is more cost-effective and quality than other foundations. This study aims to plan the pile foundation for a new building at Baptist Hospital Kediri. The calculations carried out include calculating the load received by each column, the carrying capacity of a single pile permit, the dimensions and depth of the pile, as well as the required pile cap dimensions. Calculation of the pile foundation is carried out using the Mayerhoff method. The calculation results show that the load on the column area (K13) is 212.23.04 tons, the carrying capacity of the single pile permit (Qall) is 87509.33 kg and Quult is 218773.3 kg and the use of 4 piles on one pile with dimensions of 40 x 40 cm with a depth of 10.6 m, With these results can be used as a reference in the construction of a new building Baptist Hospital that is safe and able to withstand the load of the building.