bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"Please, use your best judgment": Authority vs moderation in knowledge creation on history subreddits
Authors: de Andrade Daniela Linkevicius , Vasques Filho Demival
Published: February 2022

For the last 30 years, the web has been used as a space of debate and knowledge creation, including historical knowledge. The digital space has the potential to provide a more democratic history that relies on the inclusion of different voices. However, it also raises questions about editing and authority. When attempting to understand authority relations on the web, moderation gains special prominence as it involves actions of exclusion, organisation, and establishment of norms; moderators heavily influence the content created by web users. Here, we investigate knowledge creation considering moderation bias. We address the effects of different moderation practices in history subreddits by analysing how moderators establish authority relations with other users. For that, we use a mixed-methods approach by interpreting the subreddits’ rules and performing network analysis based on the subreddits’ dialogues (2011-2020). The study indicates that the rules have become progressively extensive and stricter over the years, creating appropriate ways for posting submissions and commenting but also affecting broad participation. As central authority figures, moderators engage in processes of sharing authority, rather than shared authority, tending to dominate knowledge creation.
Governance Challenges to Reducing Hunger and Malnutrition in India-Review
Authors: Dubey Pragati
Published: February 2022

This review article is an attempt to discuss the biggest health issue of India: child malnutrition. In this review article, I aim to summarize the main findings of the paper titled: “Governance Challenges to Reducing Hunger and Malnutrition in India” authored by Mr. N.C Saxena. The various layers of challenges in governance with regards to combatting child malnutrition are discussed and the area that needs improvement is highlighted. Along with emphasizing the key issues raised by the author, I have also included NFHS 5 (2021) data to elucidate the severity of child malnutrition in India.
An essay on identifying genuine Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs) sightings, Extra-terrestrials (ETs) contacts and Alien-abduction experiences (AAEs)
Authors: Poduri Chetan Datta
Published: February 2022

The present author’s quest for a genuine description of God(s) in credible sources (be it religious or scientific), brought him to the point of investigating various supernatural phenomena. Scientific or religious literature and the internet are alive with numerous reports of supernatural phenomena. Supernatural phenomena are defined for the present as those spectacles that involve UFOs, ETs, and alien-abduction experiences. With the advent of numerous UFO-based religions, and as the maxim says, ‘No smoke without fire’, it makes sense to verify every reported supernatural phenomenon for their genuineness to avoid being deceived. Also, earlier authors working in the direction of ufology have found significant evidence to support the existence of UFOs. Whether these UFOs represent extra-terrestrial entities needs to be validated.In this study of studies, the present author starts with reported incidents in the documented literature that deal with supernatural phenomena. About 41 incidents, amongst several instances mentioned in various sources, were considered, and categorized based on an extended Russian classification of supernatural phenomenon. Among these, seven phenomena were found to be genuine. A dating discrepancy was noted in different sources regarding either ancient monuments or in the supernatural phenomena reported. All of these are discussed in significant detail.
Grant opportunities for Ayurveda research and development: call for impact research publications for the cause of global acceptance
Authors:   Editor-in Chief (Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine) and Senior Research Officer, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, SDM Centre for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Kuthpady, Udupi – 574118 India, Kumar Dr. KN Sunil
Published: February 2022

Ayurveda ‘the science of life’ is one of the oldest known medical systems originated in India during 3000 BCE as an oral tradition. Dalhana, Sarngadhara and Bhavamisra compiled works in Indian Medicine during middle ages of India. Medical works of Sushruta and Charaka were translated into Chinese language in the 5th century and Arabic/ Persian language during the 8th century. The Arabic works originally from the Ayurvedic texts reached Europe by the 12th century. During colonial British rule, Ayurveda was neglected by the British Indian Government, to favour modern medicine. However the independent India has managed to bring Ayurveda and other traditional medical systems to mainstream. Ayurveda became a part of the Indian National health care system with establishment of hospitals for Ayurveda in the country. Up to 80 percent of people in India use some form of traditional medicine including Ayurveda.
Alkaloids: potential therapeutic modality in the management of asthma
Authors:   Chairman & Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan-23200, Pakistan, Khan Haroon
Published: February 2022

Alkaloids are very important group of chemical compounds; approximately 12,000 in number, having application in different areas of the economy, industry, trade, and services. The widespread therapeutic potential of alkaloids are already been reported in literature since time immemorial.
A comprehensive review of phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Anar (Punica granatum Linn): A heaven’s fruit
Authors:   Lecture, Haque Nizamul ,   Department of Ilmul Advia, Eram Unani Medical College, Kursi Road, Lucknow-226003, India, Sofi Gulamuddin ,   Reader; Department of Ilmul Advia, Medicine National Institute of Unani (NIUM), Bangalore-560091, India, Ali Waris ,   Lecture; Department of Ilmul Advia, Eram Unani Medical College, Kursi Road, Lucknow-226003, India, Rashid Mohd ,   Lecture; Department of Ilmul Saidala, Aligarh Unani and Ayurvedic Medical College (AUAMC), Aligarh-202002, India, Itrat Malik ,   Lecture; Preventive and Social Medicine, Medicine National Institute of Unani (NIUM), Bangalore-560091, India
Published: February 2022

Punica granatum Linn is a holy fruit belongs to Punicaceae family and its uses are mentioned in various ancient texts and religious books. (It was lauded within the Old Testament of the Bible, Qur’aan, the Judaic Torah, and also the Babylonian Talmud as a sacred fruit conferring powers of fertility, abundance, and sensible luck). Pomegranate is used in various systems of medicine. The biological properties of extracts (hypoglycaemic activity, immunomodulatory activity, analgesic activity, anticancer activity,etc.) obtained from many components of pomegranate is according within the gift work. Attributed to such properties, the extracts are used in medical specialty, like within the hindrance of infection, inflammation, cholera, impotence among different applications. Phytochemical screening of the Punica granatum exposed that it contain anthocynin, flavonoides, alkaloids, tannins, triterpenes and phytosterols. This text in short reviews the ethanobotanical properties furthermore as HEALTHFUL uses with plant description. This is a trial to compile and document data on totally different side and its potential use. A lot of studies are required before the pharmacologic properties of Punica granatum can be utilised in medical care.
Ayurvedic management of Rheumatoid arthritis: A case report
Authors:   Department of Dravyaguna, S.V. Ayurvedic College, Tirupati - 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India, Shrikant Tiwari Beena
Published: February 2022

Ayurveda has since long time provided answer to the problems arising due to lifestyle disorders. Rheumatoid arthritis is a disorder with varied clinical signs and symptoms related to multiple organ systems, being both articular and extraarticular. On the basis of clinical presentation, it is close to Amavata, a disease described in newer Ayurvedic texts. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the mainstay of treatment in this condition; however, they have limitations for a long term therapy. Hence, there is a need for drugs having good efficacy with low toxicity profile in this debilitating disorder. The whole treatment includes Deepana, Pachana. Drugs and combinations like Shunthi Kwatha with Eranda Taila for Deepana Pachana and Ashwagandha churna, as Balya and Rasayana after completion of treatment were also incorporated in the schedule. Thus the case described in this article was treated with the same guideline of Amavata Chikitsa in Ayurveda and results were obtained. Though a single case is not enough to prove the efficacy, author has tried to share his experience through this article to state that Ayurvedic treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis is very effective and enhances the quality of life of patient without creating any side effects. More deeper study in this regards is required.
Analytical standards of fruits of Bhallataka- Semecarpus anacardium Linn.
Authors:   Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia, Rajakrishnan R. ,   Department of Botany, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam, Tamil Nadu-629165, India, Samuel David ,   Department of Botany, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam, Tamil Nadu-629165, India, Lekshmi R. ,   Department of Botany and Biotechnology, Milad E Sherif Memorial College, Kayamkulam, Kerala-690502, India
Published: February 2022

Standardization of herbal drugs is the need of the hour as the use and practice of traditional herbal drugs and their formulations has increased tremendously. In the present study, an attempt has been made to standardize the fruits of Bhallataka as per pharmacopoeial testing protocol which include powder microscopy, physico-chemical screening, HPTLC fingerprinting and GC-MS analysis. Preliminary phytochemical tests indicate the presence of sugars, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, quinones and tannins. HPTLC profiling of the ethanol extract using Toluene/ Ethyl acetate (8: 1) as mobile phase revealed the presence of phytochemicals with different Rf values. The GC-MS analysis of the diethyl ether fraction showed the presence of 11 compounds of which five were identified.
Profile of type B natriuretic peptides in diabetic patients in Brazzaville
Authors:   Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo, Koumou Fylla Onanga ,   Biochemistry Laboratory, University Hospital Center, Brazzaville, Congo, Mayanda Raissa ,   Metabolic Diseases Department, Hospital and University Center, Brazzaville, Congo, Mbouamboua Yvon ,   CNRS UMR7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), Université Côte d´Azur, Valbonne, France, Ikia Monde ,   Biochemistry Laboratory, University Hospital Center, Brazzaville, Congo, Yoyo Barnes ,   Biochemistry Laboratory, University Hospital Center, Brazzaville, Congo, Ibara Rod ,   Biochemistry Laboratory, University Hospital Center, Brazzaville, Congo, Kiba Jeanne Gambomi ,   Biochemistry Laboratory, University Hospital Center, Brazzaville, Congo, Natuhoyila Aliocha Nkodila ,   Lomo University of Research, Kinshasa, DRC, Mokondjimobé Etienne ,   Lomo University of Research, Kinshasa, DRC, Monabeka Henri Germain ,   Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo,   Metabolic Diseases Department, Hospital and University Center, Brazzaville, Congo, Diatewa Martin ,   Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo, Longo-Mbenza Benjamin ,   CNRS UMR7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC), Université Côte d´Azur, Valbonne, France
Published: February 2022

Background and Objective: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of diabetic patients with a serum BNP level greater than 100 pg / ml and to establish the relationship between BNP and other variables. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in 50 diabetic patients admitted to the metabolic diseases department of the University Hospital of Brazzaville between May and October 2018. Results: A single type 2 diabetic patient presented a BNP = 187.4 pg / ml, a frequency of 2%. BNP level was associated with age (p = 0.005) and creatinine (p = 0.003). The small number of samples and an untargeted population did not allow us to profile BNP in diabetic patients. Conclusion: the mean BNP is high in diabetics in Congo Brazzaville despite a small sample size which does not allow the results to be generalized.
Particularities of radiological lesions in smear-positive and HIV-positive tuberculosis patients in the era of triple antiretroviral therapy at Jamot Yaoundé hospital
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon, Méfant Thérese Azoumbou ,   Jamot Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon, Ekono Claire Françoise Bitchong ,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon,   Jamot Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon,   Higher Institute of Medical Technology Nkolondom, Yaounde, Cameroon, Amougou Jean Claude Mballa ,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon, Eyenga Catherine Nke ,   Higher Institute of Medical Technology Nkolondom, Yaounde, Cameroon, Awana Armel Philippe ,   Jamot Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon,   Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon, Tongue Vanessa Essoh ,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon,   Jamot Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon, Ze Jean Jacques ,   Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon, Ze Emmanuel Afane ,   Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The aim of this work was to compare the radiological lesions during bacilliferous tuberculosis between HIV positive patients under ARV treatment and HIV negative patients. Methodology: This was a, descriptive and comparative study conducted from December 1, 2018 to May 31, 2019 (6 months) at Jamot Yaoundé Hospital. Smearpositive tuberculosis patients meeting our inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. We split them into two groups, HIV + and HIV -. The comparison of the data was made by the Chi² test, that of the quantitative data with the Student's T test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: In total, we recruited 145 patients divided into 2 groups of 63 HIV + patients and 82 HIV-patients. The radiological peculiarities found in HIV were as follows: Normal radiography was more frequent, P = 0.004. Interstitial syndrome was less common. Bilateral involvement was predominant. Right localization and upper lobe lesions were less frequent, P <0.05. Micronodular lesions were more frequent, P <0.05. During the alveolar syndrome, the left side was less affected and the upper lobe was the most; p <0.05. Cavitary, pleural, mediastinal and bronchial syndromes did not show statistically significant differences. Conclusion: Although a normal x-ray does not exclude pulmonary tuberculosis, the x-ray lesions are multiple but are dominated by the interstitial syndrome. In patients immunocompromised to HIV, bilateral involvement predominates. The right localization and lesions of the upper lobe are less frequent. Micronodular lesions are frequent.
Comparison of anteroposterior lip positions of the most preferred facial profiles of the Nepalese people
Authors: Bajracharya Manish , Parajuli Umesh , Khanal Abhilasha , Shrestha Neesha , Pyakurel Ujjwal
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Though cephalometric analysis of both hard and soft tissue has been done extensively for the treatment planning in orthodontics and orthognathic surgery in Nepalese people for years, they are all based on the norms for the Caucasians. No research has been done to establish the most favored profile amongst the Nepalese. The purpose of this study was to find out the most preferred well balanced or most favored facial profile from a series of 13 silhouettes with varying position of anteroposterior lip position by a group of Nepalese lay persons and general dental surgeons.
Materials and Methods: Average profile for male and female were constructed from the profile of 50 Nepalese males and females with normal occlusions and without history of orthodontic and prosthetic replacement. The lips were then protruded or retruded in 1-mm increments and a series of 13 silhouettes were constructed for each male and female with the average profile in the center. The silhouettes were then given to 500 dental surgeons and lay persons each and were asked to rank the 3 most preferred facial profiles in order of preferences.
Result: Both the general dental surgeons and the lay persons tend to prefer flatter profile than average for both the sexes. Both the groups preferred more flat profile for women compared to males. The least favored profile was the most protrusive one for both the groups.
Conclusion: This research shows that lay persons and the general dental surgeons preferred retruded profile than the average profile though prior research show that Nepalese people have an average profile convex
Reproducibility and speed of cephalometric tracing between manual versus digital method
Authors: Gupta Sanjay Prasad , Dahal Samarika , Rauniyar Shristi
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Cephalometric tracing is an indispensable method for the evaluation of the growth and development of the facial skeleton. The clinical implication of the tracing may be utilized in many branches of dentistry for diagnosis and treatment planning. The research based cephalometric tracing has been widely used over a period of time by various specialist. The purpose of this study was to compare the cephalometric tracing method between manual and the digital method.
Materials and Method: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 120 patients who came for orthodontic treatment during Jan 2020 to Dec 2020 were randomly selected from Tribhuvan University Dental Teaching Hospital and one orthodontic center. Only the cephalograms with clarity and without artefacts were selected. The samples were randomly selected without any discremation of gender, occlusal type or skeletal pattern. The two methods were compared in terms of reproducibility and the speed of cephalometric tracing. The cephalograms were compared using both the manual and the digital method using Vistadent OC 1.1 software program (GAC International Inc, Bohemia, New York, USA). The mean tracing time for each method was also estimated. Paired t –test was used to compare the differences in individual measurement between the two methods. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to measure the repeatability of the measurements.
Results: On comparing two methods, 3 out of 20 measurements showed statistically significant difference while others showed no statistically significant difference. The mean time needed to perform cephalometric analysis by the digital method (4.61±0.63 minutes) was significantly less as compared to the manual method (11.23±0.71 minutes) and the difference of performance duration were statistically significant (<0.05). Intraclass correlation coefficient showed strong correlation (0.86 to 0.99) for each repeated cephalometric measurements carried out by both manual and digital methods.
Conclusion: Both conventional manual and digital cephalometry methods showed good reproducibility with strong correlation for repeated measurements. The digital method exhibited significant reduction in time compared to manual method. Incorporation of digital methods by the clinicians can increase their efficiency
Estimation of Dental Age by Demirjian and Willems Method In a Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Upadhyay Sumita , Poudyal Sijan , Khatiwada Prashant , Khanal Bibardha , Shrestha Rasna
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Dental age estimation using orthopantomogram is very useful in pediatric dentistry, orthodontics inclinical diagnosis and treatment planning and also has forensic application. The objectives of this study were to estimate the dental age of children in a specific population of Nepal by Demirjian and Willems method, compare them with the chronological age and assess their applicability.
Materials and Method: Digital orthopantomograms of 5 to 14 years of children were used to estimate the dental age by Demirjian’s 7- teeth method and Willems method. Descriptive statistics was used and mean with standard deviation was calculated for gender and age of the samples. Paired t-test was used for comparison of chronological age with dental age. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Pearson correlation was used to assess the correlation between chronological and dental age in both the genders.
Result: By Demirjian method, there was an underestimation of 0.276 years in males and 0.194 in females and by Willems method, 0.652 in males and 0.847 in females which were statistically significant. There was an underestimation of dental age in all the age groups except in the age group of 5,7 and 14 for Demirjian age which was statistically nonsignificant. Pearson correlation demonstrated strong positive correlation between chronological age and dental age.
Conclusion: The underestimation of dental age was more by Willems method as compared to Demirjian method. There was a strong positive relationship between chronological age and dental age in both the genders. Demirjian’s 7- teeth method was more applicable as compared to Willems method when tested in selected Nepalese children population
A Chronicle Overview of Cephalometric Parameters for assessing Sagittal Jaw Disparity
Authors: Dubey Jaina , Kallury Amitabh , Balani Rajesh Kumar , Bharti Chandni , Dubey Chandrika
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Assessment of sagittal jaws relation is a vital procedure in establishing a good diagnosis for all orthodontic cases. Various analyses have been introduced over the years with varying degrees of reliability and validity. Orthodontist should be aware of a range of analyses to be used in diagnosing different cases. This review provides a brief information about the various cephalometrics parameters i.e angular & linear which are used for assessing sagittal jaw discrepancy in their chronologic order.
A century of Hawley retainer
Authors: Paudel Samikshya , Shrestha Rabindra Man , Napit Sristi
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The use of Hawley retainer has crossed a century with same basic principles incorporated one hundred years back accompanying little improvisation in material. The innovation of Hawley retainer was a simple orthodontic appliance yet innovative device of retention of that period of time. The primitive appliance is still continuing over a century; is an achievement in itself. This clearly reflects the intense invention of an inquisitive mind of its creator, Dr. Charles Augustus Hawley. The present article reviews the chronological events of the life of Dr. Charles Augustus Hawley and his contributions to the profession. Special emphasis has been laid on the evolution, development and clinical aspects of Hawley retainer commemorating its completion of a century.
Late upper airway constriction and its prevention by interceptive functional appliance therapy- A review
Authors: Nayyer Nida , Jena Ashok Kumar , Sharan Jitendra
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is one of the poorly diagnosed disorders which affects the quality of life of patients. The SDB is a spectrum of problems ranging from simple snoring to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) which involves complete collapse of the pharyngeal airway passage during sleep resulting in airflow cessation and consequent arousals. A noteworthy etiological factor of OSA is mandibular retrognathism. Imaging studies on craniofacial structures in OSA patients have shown decreased oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal depth, elongated soft palate, altered tongue posture, and increased hyoid bone-to-mandible distance. The management modalities of OSA are positive airway pressure (PAP) and oral appliance therapy. The modus operandi of mandibular advancement devices (MADs) is the same as of myofunctional therapy instituted by orthodontists for the treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusions with mandibular retrusion in growing patients. By virtue of the increase in the mandibular length and advancement in mandibular position, pharyngeal airway space is enlarged along with favorable changes in the soft palate, tongue posture, and hyoid bone position. The focus of the present review is to consolidate the available literature on the long-term effects of functional appliance treatment. It is hypothesized that interceptive functional appliance therapy in the growing stage could be a viable strategy for the prevention of OSA development during adulthood. The review also highlights the importance of the need for more studies emphasizing the long-term impact of functional treatment to establish the role of the same in reducing the OSA treatment burden during adulthood.
Logopedska procjena kvalitete glasa osoba sa spastičnom disfonijom
Authors: Benšić Anja , Čulina Mirta , Maržić Diana
Published: February 2022

Logopedska procjena poremećaja glasa općenito uključuje perceptivnu procjenu, akustičku analizu, interpretaciju samoprocjene kvalitete glasa i komunikacijskih iskustava pacijenta. Primjenjuje se za postavljanje dijagnoze i planiranje sveobuhvatne, pacijentu usmjerene terapije. Spastična disfonija je fokalna laringealna distonija, koju karakteriziraju nevoljne mišićne kontrakcije u području grkljana. Nevoljni spazmi mišića grkljana uzrokuju prekide i zastoje u govoru.
U prošlim istraživanjima postavlja se pitanje osjetljivosti dosadašnjih preporučenih metoda procjene poremećaja glasa na specifičnosti spastične disfonije. U ovom radu je, stoga, izložen pregled istraživanja o logopedskoj procjeni glasa spastične disfonije, te se upućuje na ključne radove u kojima se postavljaju relevantna pitanja s obzirom na obilježja ovog poremećaja glasa. Izdvojeni su istraživački pristupi i ključna istraživačka pitanja u dosadašnjoj literaturi. Prikazan je primjer protokola primjenjiv u kliničkim uvjetima, te prijedlog ispitnih čestica za perceptivnu procjenu glasa spastične disfonije prilagođen na hrvatski jezik.
Traumatsko oštećenje mozga – zašto je logoped potreban?
Authors: Došen Ana
Published: February 2022

Traumatsko oštećenje mozga podrazumijeva ozljedu moždanog tkiva uzrokovanu fizičkom silom ili nasilnim pomicanjem glave. Posljedično se mogu javiti fizičke, kognitivne, komunikacijske i bihevioralne teškoće koje narušavaju svakodnevno funkcioniranje osobe. Za rehabilitaciju osoba s traumatskim oštećenjem mozga odgovoran je multidisciplinarni tim, u kojem važnu ulogu ima i logoped. Osobe s traumatskim oštećenjem mozga imaju komunikacijskih teškoća, uglavnom kao rezultat narušenih kognitivnih funkcija (pažnje, izvršne funkcije, pamćenja). Mogu imati teškoća u svim jezičnim sastavnicama, a najviše u uporabi jezika, tj. pragmatici. Mogući su govorni poremećaji, najčešće dizartrija, poremećaji gutanja i hranjenja. Cilj je rada prikazati moguće kognitivno-komunikacijske, jezične i govorne teškoće uzrokovane traumatskim oštećenjem mozga i istaknuti važnost i potrebu logopeda u rehabilitaciji takve patologije. Intervencija logopeda počinje kada su sve vitalne funkcije stabilne, a planiranje intervencije oslanja se na principe neuroplastičnosti mozga, tj. sposobnost mozga da se mijenja i reorganizira radi bolje prilagodbe novim situacijama.
SYNERGETIC MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL COMPETENCE OF TEACHERS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ON PRACTICEOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES
Authors:   Bila Tserkva Institute of Continues Professional Education State higher educational institution «University of Education Management», Griadushcha Vira , Denysova Anastasiia ,   Bila Tserkva Institute of Continues Professional Education State higher educational institution «University of Education Management»
Published: February 2022

У статті проаналізовано зміни в освіті, пов’язані з кризою в контексті пандемії Covid-19. Визначено, що сьогодні освіта характеризується дедалі більшою складністю, невизначеністю та нестабільністю. В умовах пандемії та цифровізації суспільства демонструється тенденція до переходу від традиційних форм організації освітнього процесу, що передбачають фізичну взаємодію, до масового використання цифрового та дистанційного навчання, що, у свою чергу, потребує розвитку цифрової компетентності всіх учасників освітнього процесу. Запропоновано освітню модель «Онлайн-студія цифрових технологій», яка розглядається авторами як тривимірна інноваційна синергетична модель розвитку цифрової компетентності педагогів закладів професійної (професійно-технічної) освіти у системі підвищення кваліфікації на праксеологічних засадах для проєктування власної траєкторії розвитку цифрової компетентності, а також отримання всіх базових цифрових навичок, переходу – до проміжних, та у подальшому – до обізнаних.
IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY OF Petrosia sp. ETHANOL EXTRACT BY USING MTT METHOD OF T47D BREAST CANCER CELL LINE
Authors: Pascayantri Asniar , Ningsih Mini Bekti , Sadarun Baru , Malaka Muhammad Hajrul , Fristiohady Adryan , Malik Fadhliyah , I Sahidin
Published: February 2022

Breast cancer is increasing as the constraints of side effects, drug-resistant, and high medical costs. Indonesia has a variety of marine biotas that can be explored. The sponge is one of the marines biotas that had potential candidates for anticancer compounds. The secondary metabolites of sponge such as steroids, alkaloids, polyketides, terpenoids, and polyacetylenes have pharmacology effects as anti-inflammation, antineoplastic and cytotoxic activity. The study is aimed to determine the secondary metabolite of Petrosian sp. ethanol extract and the cytotoxic activity at the T47D cell line of breast cancer. The ethanol extract of Petrosian sp. is obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol as a solvent. Extract weight is obtained 274.7 grams with a 2.94% yield of values. Cytotoxicity assay was using MTT methods with IC50 parameters by using software GraphPad prism version 5. Secondary metabolites of Petrosian sp. ethanol extract showing alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, and saponins. The possible compound that showed anticancer activity is spinasterol. Cytotoxicity activities of Petrosian sp. ethanol extracts showing IC50 values at 78.13 ppm and IC50 values at 65.88 ppm on positive control. These results proved cytotoxicity activities had moderate cytotoxicity.
PREPARATION OF PHYTOSOME OF KERSEN LEAVES (Muntingia calabura L.) ETHANOL EXRTACT AS ANTIOXIDANT
Authors: Akib Nur Illiyyin , Hendra Nabila Saraswati , Purnama Putri Andi Eka , Armadhani Indradewi , Tendri Adjeng Andi Nafisah , Mahmudah Rifa’atul
Published: February 2022

Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) contains flavonoids that have the potential as antioxidants. However, its hydrophilic characteristics cause poor penetration so that its bioavailability is low. Research had been carried out on the preparation of ethanol extract of cherry leaves in ethosomal vesicle carriers. This study aimed to obtain the optimal phytosome suspension formula. Methods: Sample extraction was carried out by maceration method using ethanol as a solvent and was delipidated was by liquid-liquid method with n-hexane. The characterization of the extract included organoleptic, water-soluble extract content, ethanol soluble extract content, water content, ash content, acid insoluble ash content, and residual solvent.  flavonoid contents were carried out by the TLC method and antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH method. Phytosome preparation was prepared by solvent evaporation and thin film hidration with ratio of extract and phosphatidylcholine 1:1 with concentration of 0.5% (A); 1% (B); and 1.5% (C). The characterization included observing morphology of vesicles using optical microscope, determining the size distribution of vesicles using PSA, and calculating the sorption efficiency using a spectrophotometer at max 281 nm. Results: The characteristics of extract were dark green; thick; distinctive aroma; ethanol soluble content were 70.91%; water soluble content were 32.5%; water content were 1.19%; ash content were 1.25%; acid insoluble ash content were 0.49%; and the remaining solvent was 0. The identification of flavonoids showed positive results. The extract has flavonoids and strong antioxidant activity with 62.71 g/mL for IC50. The shape is single layer large vesicle (LUV), diameter was 445.7 nm (A); 420.7 nm (B); and 419.6 nm (C). Vesicle entrapment efficiency was 5.83% (A); 47.575% (B); and 68.81% (C). It can be concluded that the optimal phytosome suspension formula is C with 1.5% phosphatidylcholine and 1.5% of extract.
ACTIVITY TEST OF A LIQUID HAND SANITIZER WITH LIME EXTRACT (CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA) AND ALOE VERA (ALOE VERA) AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI BACTERIA
Authors: Jayadi Lukky , Kesuma Sandry
Published: February 2022

One of the ways to prevent the spread of disease is to clean your hands using a hand sanitizer. Hand sanitizers are currently sterile hand sanitizers, usually as an alternative to washing the skin surface with a cleanser and air. Washing hands and skin with hand sanitizer is an action to maintain hand and skin hygiene to avoid infection that causes microbes, for example Escherichia coli microorganisms. The purpose behind this examination is make liquid hand sanitizer preparations with lime (Citrus aurantifolia) and aloe vera (Aloe vera) extracts that can kill Escherichia coli bacteria. In this study, the pH of the preparation was measured, the pH was 5 and for determining the specific gravity, the specific gravity was 0.9736 g/ml. The test is carried out using the percentage kill method at two contact times, namely 30 and 60 seconds. The percentage kill results for liquid hand sanitizer with lime (Citrus aurantifolia) and aloe vera (Aloe vera) extracts at the two contact times, with a percentage kill value of 99.9%. There is an impact using hand sanitizer with alcohol as an active ingredient with active alcohol ingredients with the addition of lime extract (Citrus aurantifolia) and aloe vera (Aloe vera) on pH, specific gravity and germicidal power.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PEEL-OFF GEL MASK FROM EXTRACT OF RED SPINACH (Amaranthus tricolor L.)
Authors: Daud Nur Saadah , Insani Ade Ainun , Nurhikma Eny
Published: February 2022

Red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) contains various secondary metabolites that act as antioxidants. These activities can be used to maintain the health of facial skin due to the negative impact of free radicals in the form of cosmetic preparations of peel-off gel mask. This study aims to make a peel-off gel mask preparation from red spinach extract that meets the requirements for physical evaluation of the preparation. The extraction process was carried out by maceration method using 96% ethanol as solvent. The thick extract was then made into a peel-off gel mask preparation with variations in extract concentration of 0.5% (F1), 1% (F2), and 2% (F3). Furthermore, physical evaluation of the preparation at room temperature for 4 weeks of storage, drying time test, irritation test, preference test, and cycling test was carried out. The red spinach used has been determined as Amaranthus tricolor L. The results of phytochemical screening of the thick extract showed that the extract contained positive alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids. The results of the evaluation showed that all preparations met the physical evaluation requirements and were not irritating. The higher the concentration of the extract, the darker the color of the preparation and the higher the pH and viscosity values. The preparation was stable during storage at room temperature but decreased in pH value and dispersion after passing 6 cycles of cycling test. The results of the preference test showed 60% of respondents liked F3, which is a formula with a dark green color, a distinctive aroma of red spinach, homogeneous, pH 7.54, dispersion of 6.2 cm, the viscosity of 7200 cps and drying time of 20.23 minutes.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS FROM METHANOL EXTRACT OF SAPPAN WOOD (Caesalpinia sappan)
Authors: Yodha Agung Wibawa Mahatva , Abdillah Muamar , Indalifiany Astrid , _ Elfahmi , _ Sahidin
Published: February 2022

Sappan wood extract (Caesalpinia sappan) provides better antioxidant properties than ascorbic acid. Empirically, Sappan wood is often used as traditional medicine. To support the utilization of Sappan wood, the isolation and identification of active antioxidant compounds from the methanol extract of Sappan wood had been conducted from this study. Extraction was performed with maceration and evaporation methods. The spots of active antioxidant compounds in TLC-DPPH observations were isolated using liquid vacuum chromatography to obtain two pure compounds. The results of the LC-MS/MS identification of the two compounds, respectively, exhibited peak fragmentation of molecular ions at m/z 271.09, 257.15, 167.03, 151.06, 123.12, and 104.06 at the retention time of 6.35 minutes which were translated as Alpinetine and peak fragmentation of molecular ion at m/z 287.09, 177.06, 164.05, 123.04 and 110.04 at a retention time of 5.75. minutes which were translated as 3-Deoxysappanone B. The antioxidant activity quantitatively showed that Alpinetine and 3-Deoxysappanone B were capable of scavenging DPPH radicals with IC50 values ​​of 20.11 M and 15.28 M, respectively.
COVID-19 PANDEMIC'S IMPACT ON THE DRUG MANAGEMENT AND DRUG AVAILABILITY AT PUUWATU HEALTH CENTER, KENDARI CITY
Authors: Sabarudin Sabarudin , Ihsan Sunandar , Kasmawati Henny , Mahmudah Rifa’atul , Pebriana Eka
Published: February 2022

The impact of Corona Virus Disease-19 or COVID-19 pandemic was seen almost all aspects, especially in health facilities. Puskesmas as known as Public Health Center is a primary health service facility that usually became the first choice for seeking treatment so that Puskesmas can be said to be the backbone in facing and fighting the COVID-19 outbreak. This study aimed to determine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on drug management and the level of drug availability at Puuwatu Public Health Center, Kendari City. This study was descriptive-evaluative research with quantitative and qualitative methods and retrospective data collection in 2019 (before the pandemic) and 2020 (during the pandemic). Based on the results of the study, the percentage of the suitability of items with National Formulary increased by 1.3% during the pandemic, the percentage of the empty stock increased by 9.8%, the percentage value of damaged and expired items increased by 1.73%, the percentage of less stock decreased by 6, 43%, the percentage of safe stock and excess stock items decreased by 2.36% and 1.06%, respectively. The percentage value of suitability of the physical number of items did not change both in 2019 and in 2020 at the Puuwatu Health Center, Kendari City
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN ACID FAST BACILLI OF THE INTENSIVE AND CONTINUATION PHASE IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS’ CATEGORY 1
Authors: Putra Oki Nugraha , Kartikasari Widyananda , _ Hardiyono , Faizah Ana Khusnul
Published: February 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease caused by M. tuberculosis and known as Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB). The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between AFB at the end of the intensive phase and continuation phase and to analyze the variables that associated with sputum conversion at the end of continuation phase in pulmonary TB patient’s category I in several primary public health in Surabaya. This was an observational analytic with a retrospective cohort design. Data were collected by medical records of TB patients from January 2017 to December 2019. One hundred twenty-four of TB patients met the inclusion criteria with 69 male and 55 females, and mean of age was 44.09 ± 12.05 years old. The initial AFB was mostly 1+ (41%). There was a significant correlation between AFB at the end of intensive phase and continuation phase (p-value=0.000; r=0.657) by Kendal-Tau test. Age was significantly associated with sputum conversion at the end of continuation phase (p-value=0.022). The conclusion of this study that there was a significant correlation between AFB at the end of intensive phase and continuation phase
ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF KEDABU FRUIT (Sonneratia ovata BACKER) ETHANOL EXTRACT AND FRACTION
Authors: Dona Rahma , Fadhl Haiyul , Furi Mustika , Viryana Tyasakti
Published: February 2022

One of the antidiabetic activity tests is carried out through inhibition testing of the ɑ-glucosidase enzyme. Sonneratia ovata Backer is a mangrove plant that has been used traditionally in medicine. The antidiabetic activity of the fruit samples of Kedabu (Sonneratia ovata Backer) was tested by measuring the inhibition of the ɑ-glucosidase enzyme in vitro. The test sample used ethanol extract (EE) and 3 fruit fractions of Kedabu. The calculation result of the IC50 value obtained at EE was 1.86 µg / mL, the calculation result of the IC50 value obtained in the n-hexane (FH) fraction of Kedabu fruit was 193.32 µg / mL, the calculation result of the IC50 value obtained in the ethyl acetate fraction (FE) of fruit Kedabu is 2.32 µg / mL and finally the calculation result of the IC50 value of water fraction (FA) is 2.29 µg / mL. The positive control in this study, Akarbose, obtained an IC50 result of 0.75 µg / mL. Based on the results obtained, the ethanol extract of Kedabu (Sonneratia ovata Backer) fruit is very active and has the potential as an inhibitor of the ɑ-glucosidase enzyme, followed by the water fraction and ethyl acetate fraction, while the potentially inactive sample is in the n-hexane fraction.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES CONTAIN CURCUMIN AS AN EARLY CANDIDATE FOR ANTICANCER DRUG
Authors: Nidianti Ersalina , Wulandari Devyana Dyah , Aini Fadlilah Nur , Sari Herliani Rahmania
Published: February 2022

Cancer treatment can be done with tumor surgery, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. These treatments effectively kill cancer cells but have side effects and are resistant to patients. Based on this, further research is needed related to cancer drugs based on herbal plants, one of which is by using curcumin from Curcuma longa or turmeric in the form of nanoparticles to increase bioavailability and solubility. Especially silver nanoparticles with a mixture of curcumin. The aim of this study was to determine the characterization and screening of candidate activities to be used as anticancer drugs from curcumin extract and silver nanoparticles (AgNO3) containing curcumin carried out solubility test, thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis, UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysis, and morphological analysis with XRD. The results obtained in this study were curcumin extract insoluble in water while silver nanoparticles could dissolve in water. TLC analysis on chloroform mixture: ethanol Rf = 0,92 and Rf = 0,94; chloroform: hexane obtained Rf = 0,36; Rf = 0,36: Rf 0,38; Rf = 0,3. While chloroform: benzene: methanol eluent has no Rf value. UV-Vis spectra obtained a maximum absorbance of 4,267 at a wavelength of 290 nm. The morphological analysis of XRD silver nanoparticles containing curcumin was 17,45 nm. In conclusion, curcumin extract and silver curcumin nanoparticles have the potential as initial candidates for anticancer drugs.
RELATIONSHIP OF PB LEVELS WITH BLOOD PRESSURE IN TIRE REPAIRMAN ON PANTURA HIGHWAY, PEKALONGAN CITY
Authors: Minarsih Tri
Published: February 2022

Lead (Pb) is a type of metal that has an acute effect on blood pressure and causes hypertension if it accumulates in the blood for a long time. Many types of work are at risk to cause accumulation of Pb in the blood. One of the work sectors that is estimated to be potentially contaminated by Pb is the tire repairman that exists along the highway, which comes from paint, dust (residual fuel) engines and others. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Pb levels and blood pressure in tire repairman on Pantura Highway, Pekalongan City. This type of research is Analytic Observational. The sample used in this study was the tire repairman on Pantura Highway, Pekalongan City, who were willing to be a respondent of 13 people. The research data were taken from blood samples of tire repairman to measure their Pb levels, measure blood pressure and questionnaires. The results of this study are the Pb levels in the blood of tire repairman on Pekalongan City's Pantura Highway, all exceeding normal with the lowest value of 19,76 (µg / dL) and the highest of 32,55 (µg / dL). The average systolic blood pressure obtained at the tire repairman was 149.61mm Hg, while the diastolic blood pressure was an average of 92,46 mm Hg In conclusion, the value of R obtained was 0,09995 for the correlation of Pb content with systole and 0,1551 for the correlation of Pb levels with diastole. This shows a correlation that is not so strong 9,99% (the contribution of Pb levels to the system) and 15,51% (the contribution of Pb levels to diastole).
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FENNEL LEAVES ETHANOL EXTRACT (FOENICULUM VULGARE MILL) AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
Authors: Abdul Ahwan , Qonitah Fadilah , _ Partonowati
Published: February 2022

Fennel leaf (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) is an herbal plant that is used for treatment. Flavonoid compounds and essential oils contained in fennel leaves have an antibacterial effect. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of fennel leaf extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Testing of antibacterial activity using a pure experimental method with a randomized design with a unidirectional pattern using the extraction method, namely maceration and bacterial activity testing with the diffusion method. The parameter measured is the diameter of the inhibition formed in the paper disc area. The data were measured using the Anova statistical approach. Fennel leaf extract has an inhibitory effect on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, namely at concentrations of 15% (11.04 ± 1.59 mm), 25% (13.68 ± 3.54 mm), 50% (18.14 ± 2.04 mm), 75% (20.53 ± 0.88 mm) and 100% (22.82 ± 0.32 mm) compared with 1% Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) negative control (00.00 ± 0.00 mm), while the test with positive control Gentamicin 1% (22.82 ± 0.32 mm) with a strong category (10 - 20 mm), namely at concentrations of 15%, 25% and 50%, very strong category (>20mm), namely at concentrations of 75% and 100%, the statistical significance value of ANOVA was p<0.05. It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of fennel leaf (Foenicullum vulgare Mill) has antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The value of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanol extract of fennel leaf (Foenicullum vulgare Mill) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria was 15% w/v.
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN ASESMEN GERAK LURUS PADA MATA PELAJARAN FISIKA SMA
Authors: Agriawan Muhammad Nurkhalis , Saldi Muhammad , Kadir Muh. Ridwan
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji validitas, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran, dan daya beda dari instrumen tes yang disusun. Adapun subjek dari penelitian ini adalah peserta didik SMA kelas X sebanyak 20 orang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D). Tahapan hasil dari penelitian ini adalah hasil pengembangan dan hasil uji coba. Hasil pengembangan yang diperoleh adalah instrumen tes berupa soal pilihan ganda. Untuk hasil uji coba, diperoleh data pada uji validitas adalah rendah. Uji coba reliabilitas r11 = -0,023072486, r11< 0,20 menunjukkan bahwa reliabilitas instrumen tes sangat rendah. Uji tingkat kesukaran soal mudah 60%, sangat sukar 25%, dan sedang 15%.  Ini menujukkan bawa tingkat kesukaran instrumen tes sedang. Uji daya beda diperoleh data tidak baik 85%, baik dan sangat baik masing-masing adalah 10% dan 5%. Ini menujukkan bahwa daya beda soal pada instrumen tes yang disusun memenuhi kategori tidak baik.