bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE FLORESTAS DA REGIÃO AMAZÔNICA
Authors: Marques Filho Ari de Oliveira ,   Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia,  Brasil, Ribeiro Maria de Nazaré Góes , Salati Eneas ,   Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura,  Brasil
Published: October 2016

Resumo Neste trabalho foi estimada a evapotranspiração de florestas da Amazônia, através da equação proposta por Thom & Olivier (1977). Os dados utilizados correspondem a dezenove estações climatológicas distribuídas na região. Ficou comprovado que a contribuição do termo aerodinâmico na composição da evapotranspiração é semelhante àquela do termo correspondente ao balanço de energia. O valor médio da evapotranspiração potencial encontrado foi de 7 mm/dia.
TABELAS DE VOLUME PARA A FLORESTA DE TERRA FIRME DA ESTAÇÃO EXPERIMENTAL DE SILVICULTURA TROPICAL
Authors: Fernandes Noeli Paulo ,   Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia,  Brasil, Jardim Fernando C. S. , Higuchi Niro
Published: October 2016

Resumo São apresentadas as tabelas de volume para algumas espécies madeireiras que ocorrem na Estação Experimental de Silvicultura Tropical, com base em dados coletados de 235 árvores. Foram testadas três equações volumétricas. A equação de Schumacher (V = a Db HC) foi a que apresentou os melhores resultados estatísticos, sendo portanto o modelo gerador das tabelas.
ESSÊNCIA PAPELEIRA DE REFLORESTAMENTO - III. O PINUS OOCARPA SHIEDE, INTRODUZIDO NA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Corrêa Antônio Azevedo
Published: October 2016

Resumo Neste trabalho, é relatada a pesquisa papeleira, sobre amostras de Pinus oocarpa Shiede introduzido na Amazônia, tendo como premissa a importância que este resinoso tropical teria, em futuros reflorestamentos papeleiros, na região Amazônica. Inicialmente, processou-se um levantamento bibliográfico, concernente à distribuição geográfica natural desta espécie, sobre os seus plantios artificiais realizados nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais e recolheu-se informações, relativas a resultados das pesquisas silviculturais, sobre ela efetuada. O estudo papeleiro consistiu: da análise química do lenho das duas amostras de P. oocarpa com maior e menor tempo de estocagem; da determinação das suas densidades; de pesquisas relativas à classificação e dimensões das fibras de suas pastas; dos ensaios de fabricação de pastas químicas pelos processos Sulfato, Soda-enxofre e Soda-antraquinona; de operações de alvejamentos das pastas químicas cruas, pelos processos C.E.H.H., C.E.D.E.D., D/C, E. D. E. D., C. E. H. D. E. D., C. E/D. E/P. D; do refino e análise das características físico-químicas das pastas cruas e alvejadas. Constou da pesquisa papeleira a fabricação de pasta semiquímica ao Sulfito Neutro, os branqueamentos dessas pastas pelo processo C.E.H.H.; avaliação das características físico-químicas das pastas cruas e alvejadas; assim como, o estudo de fabricação de pasta mecânica com os seus resultados. Finalmente, inferiu-se que no conjunto dos resultados o P. oocarpa é uma alternativa para reflorestamento, com fins papeleiros, na Amazônia brasileira.
SEIS ESPÉCIES NOVAS DO GÊNERO MYCOTRETUS CHEVROLAT, 1837, DA REGIÃO AMAZÔNICA. (COLEOPTERA, EROTYLIDAE).
Authors: Alvarenga Moacir ,   Museu Nacional,  Brasil
Published: October 2016

Resumo Seis novas espécies de Mycotretus são descritas: M. bistrioculatus (Brasil, Amazonas, Estirão do Equador); M. quadrioculatus (Brasil, Pará, Tucuruí); M. octoculatus (Brasil, Pará, Tucuruí); M. tucuruiensis (Brasil, Pará, Tucuruí); M. fragosoi (Brasil, Amazonas, Estirão do Equador); M. luizi (Brasil, Amazonas, Estirão do Equador).
TRAP CATCHES OF PSOCOPTERA IN THE RESERVA DUCKE, AMAZONAS
Authors: New T. R. ,   La Trobe University,  Australia
Published: October 2016

Abstract Psocoptera captured in emergence traps, light traps and a Malaise trap at the Reserva Ducke in 1977-78 are enumerated and discussed. Eighty four species were trapped, mainly in small numbers, and the few common species were present throughout the trapping period. Fewer species were caught in emergence traps than in other trap types. Distribution of Brazilian psocids is briefly discussed.
NEUROPTERA OF THE AMAZON BASIN Part 8 Berothidae
Authors: Penny Norman D. ,   Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia,  Brasil
Published: October 2016

Summary A new species of Berothidae is described from the Rio Trombetas, Pará State. This constitutes the first record for this family in Brazil and all of northern South America.
A NEW SPECIES OF ISSIKIELLA FROM THE AMAZON BASIN (Mecoptera: Bittacidae)
Authors: Penny Norman D. ,   Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia,  Brasil, Arias Jorge R.
Published: October 2016

Abstract A new species of Issikiella is described from southern Pará State, Brazil, and compared with the other two known species.
EFEITOS DA FLUTUAÇÃO DO NÍVEL DA ÁGUA SOBRE A DENSIDADE E COMPOSIÇÃO DO ZOOPLÂNCTON EM UM LAGO DE VÁRZEA DA AMAZÔNIA, BRASIL
Authors: Carvalho Mirian Leal ,   Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi,  Brasil
Published: October 2016

Resumo Os efeitos da flutuação do nível da água sobre a comunidade zooplanctônica do Lago Grande (Rio Solimões, Brasil) foram investigados no período de abril de 1979 a março de 1980. Amostras quantitativas de zooplâncton e medidas de profundidade do lago e de transparência da água foram tomadas em duas estações localizadas no meio do lago. A maior densidade de zooplâncton foi observada durante a época seca e provavelmente está relacionada com: 1) o material orgânico proveniente da floresta inundada que durante a vazante, entra na região limnética; 2) com o sedimento que se mistura na coluna d'água quando o lago fica muito seco. Os efeitos da alta turbidez sobre a comunidade zooplanctônica são também discutidos especialmente em relação à Cladocera.
ASPECTOS FENOLÓGICOS, ECOLÓGICOS E DE PRODUTIVIDADE DO CUPUAÇU-Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) Schum.
Authors: Falcão Martha de Aguiar ,   Fundação Universidade do Amazonas,  Brasil, Lleras Eduardo ,   Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos,  Brasil,   Instituto lnteramericano de Cooperação para a Agricultura,  Brasil
Published: October 2016

Resumo De maneira geral, o "Cupuaçu" (Theobroma grandiflorum) floresce na região de Manaus entre maio e setembro, época de menor precipitação pluviométrica e a safra se dá entre meados de janeiro até final de março. Nele foram encontradas dez espécies de insetos visitantes dos quais: 5 himenópteros (abelhas), 2 himenópteros (formigas), 1 ortóptero e 1 díptero. As abelhas são nesta região, difinitivamente, as responsáveis pela polinização. Com média de produção de aproximadamente 3.500 flores por árvore e safra com ± 17,2 frutos maduros, a espécie é considerada de baixíssima eficiência na produção de frutos. Porém, em termos de eficiência energética com safra de ± 16,46 Kg de fruto por árvore, assemelha-se a outras espécies de fruteiras tropicais. A falta de correlação entre flores e frutos maduros (r: 0,86) sugere, como no caso de outras espécies tropicais, que o tamanho da safra é controlado por fatores endógenos.
A DIRECTIONAL CLINE IN MOURIRI GUIANENSIS (MELASTOMATACEAE)
Authors: Morley Thomas ,   University of Minnesota,  USA
Published: October 2016

Abstract Morphological variation in Mouriri guianensis is described and analyzed throughout its range in Brazil and adjacent regions. Features that vary are ovary size, locule and ovule number, shape and smoothness of the leaf blade and petiole length. The largest ovaries with the most ovules occur in west central Amazonia; intermediate sizes and numbers are widespread but reach the coast only between Marajó and Ceará; and the smallest ovaries with the fewest locules and ovules are coastal or nearcoastal from Delta Amacuro in Venezuela to Marajó. Small ovaries also occur in coastal Alagoas and at Rio de Janeiro. Ovaries with the fewest locules and ovules are believed to be the most specialized, the result of evolution toward decreased waste of ovules, since the fruits of all members are few-seeded. Leaf characters correlate statistically with ovule numbers. Possible origen of the distribution pattern of the species is compared in terms of present rainfall patterns and in terms of Pleistocene climatic change with associated forest refuges. It is concluded that both phenomena were probably influential. High specialization appears to have accompanied isolation, for reasons that are unclear. Because the plants from Delta Amacuro to Marajó are the most specialized they may once have been more isolated than now.
SENSIBILIDADE DAS FORMAS ERITROCÍTICAS DO PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM A CLOROQUINA, DETECTADA PELO MÉTODO IN VITRO, EM DIVERSAS LOCALIDADES DA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Ferraroni José J. ,   Universidade do Amazonas,  Brasil, Dourado Heitor V. ,   Universidade do Amazonas,  Brasil
Published: October 2016

Resumo Determinou-se a prevalência de cepas de Plasmodium falciparum resistentes à cloroquina em 39 amostras de indivíduos vivendo em 16 localidades da amazônia brasileira. A amostra de sangue obtida de cada paciente foi defibrinada, colocada em pequenos vidros contendo uma solução de glicose a 0,5% com ou sem cloroquina e incubada durante 24 horas em estufa a temperatura constante de 39-40°C sem agitação. A sensibilidade do parasita in vitro para cinco diferentes concentrações de cloroquina foi determinada. Após 24 horas de incubação os trofozoitos de P. falciparum evoluíram para esquizontes em praticamente todas as culturas controles (sem presença de droga) assim como em 100%; 87,1%; 28,2%; 15,3% e 7,6%, respectivamente, nas culturas contendo .0,5 ,1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 nanomoles de cloroquina/ml de sangue. Cepas de P. falciparum resistentes foram encontradas em todas as 16 localidades estudadas, indicando que a resistência a cloroquina pelo P. falciparum está largamente distribuída na bacia amazônica.
ESTUDO ANATÔMICO DO LENHO DA FAMILIA BOMBACACEAE DA AMÉRICA
Authors: Détienne Pierre ,   Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia,  Brasil, Loureiro Arthur A. , Jacquet Paulette ,   Centre Technique Forestier Tropical,  França
Published: October 2016

Resumo Neste trabalho os autores apresentam o estudo dos caracteres anatômicos de 40 espécies da família Bombacaceae da América. Para cada uma, são apresentadas descrições do gênero, características gerais, descrições anatômicas, comentários gerais sobre os gêneros, relação entre a densidade e coeficiente de flexibilidade das fibras, relação entre comprimento das fibras e espessura das paredes, uma tabela de diferenciação entre os gêneros, um quadro de diferenciação entre: o tipo de parênquima, pontuações radiovasculares, filotaxia e tipo de sementes dos gêneros estudados. Atlas com 45 micro-fotografias ilustram o trabalho.
Relação dos tipos de invertebrados depositados na Coleção de Entomologia Sistemática do INPA - Manaus, até dezembro de 1982
Authors: Rafael J. A. ,   Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia,  Brasil, Penny N. D. , Harada A. Y.
Published: October 2016

Resumo Neste trabalho são listados todos os tipos de invertebrados depositados na Coleção de Entomologia Sistemática, Divisão de Entomologia, do INPA, Manaus, até dezembro de 1982.
TRÊS OCNERODRILIDAE (OLIGOCHAETA) DA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Righi Gilberto ,   Universidade de São Paulo,  Brasil
Published: October 2016

Resumo Três Ocnerodrilidae do Parque Nacional da Amazônia, Tapajós foram estudadas. Duas espécies novas, Eukerria taisa, sp. n. e Haplodrilus (H.) amazonicus, sp. n., foram descritas. Eukerria guamais Righi foi reencontrada.
A NEW SPECIES OF Halicyclops (COPEPODA : CYCLOPOIDA) FROM AMAZON BASIN, BRAZIL
Authors: Rocha Carlos Eduardo Falavigna da ,   Universidade de São Paulo,  Brasil
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Halicyclops aberrans sp. n. from two localities of the River Capim, Pará State, Brazil, is described and figured. It differs from all previously described species of the genus in possessing the inner apical spine of the third endopodal segment of swimming legs 3 and 4 reduced and turned upwards, and by the spinal formula of the third exopodal segment of the swimming legs (2.3.3.2).
Caracterização miofuncional orofacial e eletromiográfica de pacientes submetidos à correção da fratura condilar por redução aberta e fechada
Authors: Silva Amanda Pagliotto da , Sassi Fernanda Chiarion , Andrade Claudia Regina Furquim de
Published: October 2016

RESUMO Objetivo Realizar a caracterização da performance motora orofacial de indivíduos adultos com fratura em côndilo, comparando indivíduos submetidos à redução aberta e fechada. Método 26 adultos divididos em três grupos: G1 – composto por 8 indivíduos submetidos à redução aberta para correção da fratura em côndilo; G2 – composto por 9 indivíduos submetidos à redução fechada para correção da fratura em côndilo; GC – 9 indivíduos voluntários saudáveis, sem alterações do sistema miofuncional orofacial. Todos os participantes foram submetidos à avaliação que consistiu na aplicação de um protocolo clínico para a avaliação da motricidade orofacial, a amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares e a avaliação da musculatura mastigatória por meio da eletromiografia de superfície (EMGs). Resultados Os resultados indicaram que ambos os grupos com fratura de côndilo se diferenciaram significantemente do grupo controle, apresentando prejuízo na mobilidade dos órgãos fonoarticulatórios e nas funções de mastigação e deglutição. Para as medidas de amplitude mandibular, os grupos se diferenciaram do grupo controle apresentando maior restrição de movimentos. Na avaliação dos músculos mastigatórios por meio da EMGs, G2 se diferenciou de G1 e de GC, apresentando maior assimetria no funcionamento do músculo masseter. Conclusão Os resultados sugerem que, independentemente do tratamento adotado para correção da fratura no período de até 6 meses após a correção, o desempenho motor oral e a amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares se mantêm iguais para os pacientes submetidos à redução aberta ou fechada das fraturas condilares. A redução aberta parece favorecer a simetria no funcionamento do músculo masseter.
Associação entre a adesão da terapia vocal e perfil de atividades vocais em pacientes disfônicos comportamentais
Authors: Góes Thales Roges Vanderlei de , Ferracciu Cristiane Cunha Soderini , Silva Deise Renata Oliveira da
Published: October 2016

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a associação entre a adesão da terapia vocal, perfil de atividades vocais em pacientes disfônicos comportamentais e seus possíveis fatores associados. Método Participaram da amostra dezoito indivíduos com disfonia comportamental que estavam em tratamento regular no Serviço de Fonoaudiologia da instituição. Os participantes do estudo responderam ao protocolo Perfil de Participação e Atividades Vocais (PPAV) e à escala URICA-VOZ. As variáveis associadas (número de sessões, faixa etária, tipo de disfonia comportamental, gênero e tratamento fonoaudiológico anterior) foram coletadas por meio de entrevista com o paciente e análise dos seus respectivos prontuários. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística inferencial. Resultados A maioria dos pacientes encontrava-se no estágio de ação. Houve associação estatisticamente significante entre o aspecto Efeitos na Emoção do PPAV e os estágios de prontidão para a adesão da terapia vocal, porém os outros aspectos do PPAV não se associaram com a escala URICA-VOZ. Das variáveis associadas, o número de sessões, faixa etária e tipo de disfonia comportamental apresentaram associação com a adesão da terapia de voz. Constatou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre o tipo de disfonia comportamental e os escores do PPAV. Conclusão O aspecto Efeitos na Emoção do PPAV e as variáveis número de sessões, faixa etária e tipo de disfonia mostraram-se associadas ao estágio de adesão da escala URICA-VOZ. Os indivíduos com disfonia organofuncional apresentaram maior impacto da alteração vocal em suas atividades diárias.
BANALIZAÇÃO DA FRAUDE ACADÊMICA: REFLEXÕES À LUZ DA TEORIA DA SEMICULTURA DE ADORNO
Authors: Maranhão Carolina Machado Saraiva de Albuquerque , Santos Flávia Carolini Pereira dos , Ferreira Pamella Thais Magalhães
Published: October 2016

Resumo: A banalização da fraude no ambiente acadêmico impõe severos problemas à formação dos indivíduos. Este estudo fez uso da teoria crítica relacionada à educação. Adorno analisou o problema da semiformação na sociedade capitalista, em que a educação se tornou mais uma mercadoria a ser entregue a seus consumidores. O objetivo deste artigo foi propor a reflexão crítica sobre os reais sentidos da persistência da fraude nas universidades. Portanto, a fraude acadêmica destaca-se como uma evidência de que há algo errado com a educação fornecida pelas universidades. Somente uma mudança pedagógica pode transformar o caminho da educação inserida na sociedade capitalista. O resgate do potencial emancipatório da educação é fundamental para que a sociedade possa formar pessoas críticas e autônomas.
TEMPESTIVIDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO CONTÁBIL EM EMPRESAS FAMILIARES BRASILEIRAS
Authors: SILVA ALINI DA , SOUZA TACIANA RODRIGUES DE , KLANN ROBERTO CARLOS
Published: October 2016

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a tempestividade da informação contábil em empresas familiares brasileiras. Realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, documental e quantitativa. A amostra foi composta por 124 empresas, no período de 2010 a 2013. Os resultados apontaram que o lucro por ação, o tamanho da empresa e o crescimento das vendas foram variáveis significativas para explicar o retorno das ações. Em relação à tempestividade, observou-se que as informações contábeis são menos tempestivas nas empresas familiares quando considerado um horizonte de longo prazo para o retorno das ações (15 meses). Quando utilizados retornos de curto prazo (3 e 6 meses), as variáveis contábeis não se mostraram significativas, não sendo possível afirmar que as empresas familiares apresentam informações mais ou menos tempestivas. A originalidade deste estudo reside no fato de se investigar o efeito da gestão/controle familiar sobre a tempestividade das informações contábeis, tema ainda não observado no cenário brasileiro e que aborda a qualidade da informação contábil das empresas familiares sob um aspecto distinto de outros estudos, que utilizaram o conservadorismo contábil e o gerenciamento de resultados.
INFLUÊNCIAS NÃO LINEARES DA INDÚSTRIA NO DESEMPENHO DA FIRMA
Authors: DE-CARVALHO JULIA PINTO , DIAS ALEXANDRE TEIXEIRA
Published: October 2016

RESUMO Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar o efeito do ambiente da indústria no desempenho da firma, por meio de um modelo de regressão múltipla não linear. As amostras por período variam de 178 (2005) a 252 (2012) firmas brasileiras de capital aberto, ativas no período de 2005 a 2012. A análise por decomposição da variância permitiu a identificação de tendência de incremento da influência da rivalidade no desempenho da firma, ao passo que a relação quadrática aponta para um ponto ótimo do efeito da rivalidade na indústria que, caso ultrapassado, poderá provocar efeito inverso na lucratividade. Tais resultados estão alinhados com a perspectiva de que, quanto maior a rivalidade, mensurada por meio da receita dos concorrentes, maior a possibilidade de obtenção de receitas originadas da venda de produtos, até o ponto em que a intensidade da rivalidade passa a dificultar o acesso a recursos oriundos das vendas.
OS MELHORES E OS PIORES: O BOCA A BOCA EM SITES DE VAREJO ELETRÔNICO
Authors: INOCÊNCIO FABRÍCIO DE CARVALHO , MARQUES ÉRICO VERAS
Published: October 2016

RESUMO Esta pesquisa busca analisar os fatores internos do boca a boca (BAB) no varejo eletrônico brasileiro, comparando os melhores e piores sites em quatro dimensões: intensidade, valência positiva, valência negativa e conteúdo, por meio do modelo de Goyette, Ricard, Bergeron, e Marticotte (2010). Sugere-se que a intensidade do BAB seja maior para os melhores sites, enquanto o grau de promoção (valência positiva) dos melhores sites seja menor que o grau de detração (valência negativa) dos piores sites. Esse resultado reforça achados na literatura, que apontam que BAB negativo é mais passional e extremo. Ainda, os resultados demonstram que fatores como confiança, velocidade de entrega e atendimento pós-compra reforçam tanto o BAB positivo nos melhores sites quanto o BAB negativo nos piores sites. Contudo, segurança das transações e facilidade de uso não reforçam o BAB negativo nos piores sites, sugerindo um certo grau de comoditização desses fatores entre melhores e piores sites.
Thromboelastometric evaluation of horses submitted to experimental thrombosis and jugular thrombectomy
Authors: Pizzigatti Dietrich , Gonçalves Daniele S. , Trentin Thays C. , Takahira Regina K. , Alves Ana L.G. , Rodrigues Celso A. , Watanabe Marcos J. , Hussni Carlos A.
Published: October 2016

Abstract: Jugular thrombosis in horses occurs commonly in iatrogenic situations, secondary to endotoxemic clinical condition and disseminated vascular coagulation, potentially leading to death. Thus, hemostatic evaluation becomes necessary and extremely important for monitoring the risks of systemic hypercoagulability and for the efficiency of allopathic and surgical treatment. This paper describes the hemostatic behavior in experimental jugular thrombosis of ten healthy equines, subsequently submitted to two thrombectomy techniques and receiving heparin sodium as anti-rethrombosis therapy. These animals were evaluated for 20 days by thromboelastometry (TEM), platelet count, hematocrit and fibrinogen, at four moments: pre-induction to phlebitis (D0-MPF); three days after thrombophlebitis induction (D3-MFM); 6 days after, - moment of thrombophlebitis - (D9-MT); and 54 (D16) and 126 (D19) hours after thrombectomies (PTM). Thrombectomy was performed via a Vollmar Ring (group 1, n=5) and Fogarty catheter (group 2, n=5). All the animals received heparin (150 UI/kg, SC) every 12 hours, for ten days after the respective thrombectomies. Through the blood samples were evaluated TEM, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT), dosing of fibrinogen, hematocrit and platelet count at the abovementioned moments. For comparison between groups and moments the t test was applied at 5% significance level. No significant difference was verified between treatment groups at any of the moments. There were reductions in clotting time (CT) and clot formation time (CFT), with increase in maximum lysis (ML) until the moment D9-MT. Evaluation through INTEM® reagent presented prolongations of CT and CFT with reduction of α angle and ML starting from D16 and D19. Similarly, aPTT presented significant differences between moments pre- (D0, 3 and 9) and post- (D16 and 19) anticoagulant and surgical treatment. The platelet numbers were diminished at moments D16 and D19. In evaluation with EXTEM® reagent, prolongation of CT and CFT occurred only between the moments D0 vs. D3 and vs. D9. O PT did not present significant differences. The results obtained demonstrate that experimental jugular thrombophlebitis leads to local clinical alterations, with impairment of tissue and of the extrinsic coagulation pathway (EXTEM® ), but without evidence of systemic hypercoagulability status, since there was no increase of the alpha angle or maximum clot firmness (MCF). Furthermore, TEM was shown useful and more sensitive than conventional coagulation tests (PT, aPTT and fibrinogen) for the monitoring of anticoagulant therapy, as demonstrated in other works.
Alterações bioquímicas, anatômicas e histopatológicas em fígado de Gallus gallus Linnaeus, 1758 experimentalmente infectados por Borrelia anserina Sakharoff, 1891
Authors: Cepeda Marcio B. , Cepeda Patricia B. , Baêta Bruna A. , Gaudêncio Fabrício N. , Cordeiro Matheus D. , Magalhães-Matos Paulo C. , Brito Marilene F. , Fonseca Adivaldo H.
Published: October 2016

Resumo: A espiroquetose aviária é uma enfermidade septicêmica de curso agudo, cosmopolita, que acomete diversas espécies aviárias, causada por Borrelia anserina e transmitida pelo carrapato Argas miniatus. O experimento teve como objetivos avaliar as alterações bioquímicas e anátomo-histopatológicas no fígado de Gallus gallus, causadas pela infecção experimental por B. anserina. Quarenta aves da espécie G. gallus foram divididas em quatro grupos inteiramente casualizados com 10 animais cada: G1 - inoculado com soro infectado com B. anserina; G2 - inoculado com soro fisiológico a 0,9%; G3 - exposto a ninfas de terceiro ínstar de A. miniatus infectados por B. anserina; G4 - exposto a ninfas de terceiro ínstar de A. miniatus livres de B. anserina. As aves dos Grupos 1 e 3 manifestaram no 3º e 6º dias pós-inoculação (DPI) respectivamente, sintomatologia característica da doença como inapetência, perda de peso, sonolência, diarreia esverdeada, mucosas hipocoradas, penas arrepiadas e hipertermia. Os níveis de ALT do Grupo 1 mostraram-se significativamente mais elevados apenas no 12ºDPI e 24ºDPI em relação ao seu grupo controle (Grupo 2) e no Grupo 3 esses níveis se mantiveram elevados até o 20º DPI em comparação ao seu grupo controle (Grupo 4). Os níveis da enzima AST pouco oscilaram nos grupos experimentais, embora tenham sido encontradas elevações no 12ºDPI nos Grupos 1 e 3. Os fígados das aves dos Grupos 1 e 3 apresentaram à necropsia, moderada hepatomegalia, congestão, superfície irregular e coloração vermelha a cianótica; constataram-se ainda pequenos pontos esbranquiçados na superfície. A histopatologia do fígado revelou congestão, infiltrados inflamatórios mononucleares, focos de necrose fibrinoide, dilatação dos sinusoides e vacuolização de hepatócitos. A coloração de Warthin-Starry revelou, nos fígados das aves dos Grupos 1 e 3, a presença de espiroquetas compatíveis com B. anserina, frequentemente no interior de vasos sanguíneos.
Laminar lesions in horses with systemic oxidative stress, committed by experimentally induced or naturally occurring gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Laskoski Luciane M. , Locatelli-Dittrich Rosangela , Sousa Renato S. , Brum Juliana S. , Cristo Thierry G. , Montiani-Ferreira Fabiano , Beltrame Olair C. , Valadão Carlos A.A.
Published: October 2016

Abstract: Laminitis in horses can be associated with lesions in multiple organs secondary to sepsis. Twenty-one horses suffering from gastrointestinal disorders were used in the experiment; 7 horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia and intestinal ischaemia, and 14 horses suffering from naturally occurring colic syndrome. Tissue samples of lungs, liver, heart, brain, cerebellum and hoof laminar tissue were collected for histopathological and oxidative stress evaluation using nitrotyrosine and superoxide dismutase (SOD2) immunostaining. The horses were divided into two groups: the non-oxidative lesions group (NOLG), with 7 horses showing weak immunostaining in lungs, liver and kidney, and the oxidative lesions group (OLG), with 14 horses showing immunostaining indicating systemic oxidative stress in multiple organs. The horses from OLG showed increase of laminar lesions and SOD2 immunostaining in multiple organs when compared to the horses from the NOLG. No differences were found ln regard to laminar immunostaining by nitrotyrosine and SOD2 between experimental groups. It was concluded that systemic oxidative stress can be associated with the development of laminar lesions, and that the laminar tissue does not respond to oxidative stress with increase of SOD as occurs in other organs.
Characterization of Streptococcus suis through serotyping, SE-AFLP and virulence profile
Authors: Calderaro Franco F. , Moreno Luisa Z. , Doto Daniela S. , Matajira Carlos E.C. , Gomes Vasco T.M. , Ferreira Thais S.P. , Mesquita Renan E. , Moreno Andrea M.
Published: October 2016

Abstract: Streptococcus suis is one of most important pathogens in the swine industry worldwide. Despite its importance, studies of S. suis characterization in South America are still rare. This study evaluates S. suis isolates from distinct Brazilian states, from 1999 to 2004, and its molecular and serological characterization. A total of 174 isolates were studied. S. suis identification was confirmed by PCR and isolates were further serotyped and genotyped by SE-AFLP and amplification of virulence markers. Serotype 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 18, 22 and 32 were identified among the studied isolates, and only 4% were characterized as non-typeable. The mrp+/epf+/sly+ genotype was the most frequent. The SE-AFLP analysis resulted in 29 patterns distributed in three main clusters with over 65% of genetic similarity. Isolates presented a slight tendency to cluster according to serotype and origin; however, no further correlation with virulence genotypes was observed.
Brucella abortus detected in cheese from the Amazon region: differentiation of a vaccine strain (B19) from the field strain in the states of Pará, Amapá and Rondônia, Brazil
Authors: Silva Jacqueline , Moraes Carina M. de , Silva Cleyzer L. , Sales Gustavo A. , Keid Lara B. , Matos Paulo C.M. , Lara Ana P.S.S. , Moraes Carla C.G.
Published: October 2016

Abstract: Brucellosis is an infectious-contagious disease responsible for significant economic losses to the meat and milk supply chain, because it causes reproductive disorders in animals and is a chronic anthropozoonosis. This study was designed to detect the DNA of Brucella spp. in cheese and to differentiate between a vaccine strain (B19) and the field strain. Sixty-six samples of different cheeses which are produced and marketed in three states of the Brazilian Amazon region (Amapá [5 samples], Pará [55 samples] and Rondônia [6 samples]) were evaluated. Thirty-nine of these samples were from cheeses made from cow's milk, and 27 were from cheeses made from buffalo milk. Four of the 66 samples were from cheeses produced in milk processing plants regulated by the Federal Inspection Service (Serviço de Inspeção Federal); nine of the samples were from cheeses produced in processing plants regulated by the State Inspection Service (Serviço de Inspeção Estadual); five of the samples were from artisanal cheeses; and the remaining 48 samples were from informally produced cheese. DNA was obtained from the samples following a DNA extraction protocol, and PCR was conducted using primers B4 and B5 to detect Brucella spp. Primers eri1 and eri2 were used to differentiate the field strain from the B19 vaccine strain. The results showed that 21.21% (14/66) of the samples were positive for Brucella spp., of which 21.43% (3/14) were positive for the B. abortus field strain, and 7.14% (1/14) were identified as harboring vaccine strain B19. These results demonstrate that it is possible to identify Brucella spp. in cheese from the Amazon region using the PCR technique and to differentiate the B. abortus field strain from the B19 vaccine strain.
Proteolytic activity of excretory/secretory products of Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: Giglioti Rodrigo , Guimarães Semíramis , Oliveira-Sequeira Teresa C.G. , David Erica B. , Brito Luciana G. , Huacca Maribel E.F. , Chagas Ana C.S. , Oliveira Márcia C.S.
Published: October 2016

Abstract: The protein profiles and proteolytic activity of the excretory secretory products (E/SP) of the first (L1), second (L2) and third (L3) larval stages of Cochliomyia hominivorax were studied in the laboratory. Analysis on the E/SP protein profile was carried out using polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE). The E/SP of each larval stage (L1, L2 and L3) treated with protease inhibitors, containing 30μg, 40μg and 50μg of protein, was applied to the 10% polyacrylamide gel. The proteolytic activity of the crude E/SP was analyzed in gels copolymerized with gelatin and by colorimetric assays using azocasein as a substrate, with the characterization of the proteases using synthetic inhibitors. Different protein profiles were observed for the larval instars, with L1 presenting the most complex profile. Nevertheless, various protein bands were observed that were common to all the larval instars. The E/SP of all the instars showed proteolytic activity on gelatin, evidenced by proteolysis zones, predominantly with apparently higher molecular masses in L1, while for L2 and L3 the proteolysis zones could also be observed in regions with lower masses. Tests with protease inhibitors using gelatin as substrate showed that the E/SP of larvae were mainly composed of serine proteases. Additionally, inhibition was observed in L2 E/SP treated previously with EDTA, an inhibitor of metalloproteases. The assays with azocasein revealed a gradual increase of proteolytic activity on this substrate with larval development progress, with the strongest inhibitions being observed after treatments with 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin (DCI) for E/SP of L1, L2 and L3. These results suggest that C. hominivorax larvae produce different proteases, a fact that can be related to the parasite's vital processes for survival, such as penetration into the host's tissues and nutrition during the larval stage.
Frequency and hematological alterations of different hemoplasma infections with retrovirusis co-infections in domestic cats from Brazil
Authors: Firmino Fernanda P. , Aquino Larissa C. , Marçola Tatiana G. , Bittencourt Marta V. , McManus Concepta M. , Paludo Giane R.
Published: October 2016

Abstract: Mycoplasma haemofelis is the agent of feline infectious anemia, although Candidatus M. haemominutum can also be associated. This study evaluated the frequency and hematological alterations caused by hemoplasma infections and co-infections with FeLV, FIV and Toxoplasma gondii in domestic cats from two distinct areas (urban - G1 and periurban - G2) of Brasília, Brazil. One hundred cats were evaluated, 51 from the G1 area and 49 from G2. No cats were positive for T. gondii. Hemoplasma infection was diagnosed in 33% cats from G1 and 32.6% from G2 (p>0.05). In G1 35.3% of the positive cats were infected with Mycoplasma haemofelis, 47.06% with Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum and 17.64% with mixed hemoplasma species infection; 12.5% of the cats identified as PCR positive in G2 were infected with Mycoplasma haemofelis, 18.75% with Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum and 68.75% with mixed infection. Cats from the periurban area had higher mixed hemoplasmas infection rates than those from urban area, and most of them were asymptomatic carriers. Cytology results were positive in only 5% of cats from G1. Mycoplasma haemofelis infected cats had normocytic normochromic anemia while the cats infected with Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum or with both species did not. 37.2% of G1 cats were co-infected with Mycoplasma haemofelis and FeLV, and presented lower PCV and hemoglobin concentration than those infected only with Mycoplasma haemofelis. The co-infection with Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum and FeLV produced lower WBC, segmented cells and platelets, and increased total protein concentration.
Cardiac markers in five different breeds of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus Linnaeus, 1758) used for cardiovascular research
Authors: Ferreira Felipp S. , Barretto Flávia L. , Fabres Arianne , Silveira Leonardo S. , Carvalho Claudio B.
Published: October 2016

Abstract: Cardiac biomarkers for clinical and experimental heart diseases have previously been evaluated in rabbits. However, several laboratory assays performed and reported with inconsistent results. This study aimed to assess the effects of breed on serum ANP, CRP, and ACE and establish reference interval (RI) for these biomarkers in a large population of healthy rabbits. Ninety-seven adult rabbits from five breeds were included in this study. Assays were performed using specific ELISA commercial kits. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey test (p<0.05), arithmetic mean, RI of mean, and standard deviation. A significant effect of breed was shown, indicating different RI between breeds for each biomarker. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that breed is an important physiological variable influencing the normal values of cardiac markers in healthy rabbits.
Gyrostigma rhinocerontis (Diptera: Oestridae, Gasterophilinae) in white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) imported from South Africa: occurrence in Itatiba, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Pachaly José R. , Monteiro-Filho Luiz P.C. , Gonçalves Daniela D. , Voltarelli-Pachaly Evandra M.
Published: October 2016

Abstract: Fly larvae from the Gasterophilinae subfamily of the Oestridae family are parasites of domestic (equine) and wild (rhinos and equine) odd-hoofed ungulates (Perissodactyla). The gastric parasite of African Rhinos is Gyrostigma rhinocerontis (formerly Gyrostigma pavesii), which in its larva phase can be found in the feces of their hosts and can reach 40mm length. The adult is the largest fly in Africa, reaching 41mm long, with 71-mm wingspan. The Gyrostigma genus does not occur naturally in Brazil. There is one previous report of the occurrence of its larvae in the feces of a white rhino brought from South Africa in the 1990's, which was housed in a zoo located in Rio Grande do Sul. The present paper furnishes data from a zoo of the city of Itatiba, São Paulo state, Brazil, where Gyrostigma rhinocerontis larvae were found in 2005 in the feces of a group of white rhinos (Ceratotherium simum) legally imported from South Africa. The rhinos were kept in a breeding and preservation farm. This paper also reports the measures taken to control the case and avoid the dissemination of the parasite, calling attention to the fact of globalization, which allows international and intercontinental transit of wild animals with potential risks of adaptation of exotic parasites to new ecosystems.
Applications for a hybrid operating room in thoracic surgery: from multidisciplinary procedures to image-guided video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery
Authors: Terra Ricardo Mingarini , Andrade Juliano Ribeiro , Mariani Alessandro Wasum , Garcia Rodrigo Gobbo , Succi Jose Ernesto , Soares Andrey , Zimmer Paulo Marcelo
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT The concept of a hybrid operating room represents the union of a high-complexity surgical apparatus with state-of-the-art radiological tools (ultrasound, CT, fluoroscopy, or magnetic resonance imaging), in order to perform highly effective, minimally invasive procedures. Although the use of a hybrid operating room is well established in specialties such as neurosurgery and cardiovascular surgery, it has rarely been explored in thoracic surgery. Our objective was to discuss the possible applications of this technology in thoracic surgery, through the reporting of three cases.
Bronchodilator response cut-off points and FEV 0.75 reference values for spirometry in preschoolers
Authors: Burity Edjane Figueiredo , Pereira Carlos Alberto de Castro , Jones Marcus Herbert , Sayão Larissa Bouwman , Andrade Armèle Dornelas de , Britto Murilo Carlos Amorim de
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the cut-off points for FEV1, FEV0.75, FEV0.5, and FEF25-75% bronchodilator responses in healthy preschool children and to generate reference values for FEV0.75. Methods: This was a cross-sectional community-based study involving children 3-5 years of age. Healthy preschool children were selected by a standardized questionnaire. Spirometry was performed before and after bronchodilator use. The cut-off point of the response was defined as the 95th percentile of the change in each parameter. Results: We recruited 266 children, 160 (60%) of whom were able to perform acceptable, reproducible expiratory maneuvers before and after bronchodilator use. The mean age and height were 57.78 ± 7.86 months and 106.56 ± 6.43 cm, respectively. The success rate for FEV0.5 was 35%, 68%, and 70% in the 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds, respectively. The 95th percentile of the change in the percentage of the predicted value in response to bronchodilator use was 11.6%, 16.0%, 8.5%, and 35.5% for FEV1, FEV0.75, FEV0.5, and FEF25-75%, respectively. Conclusions: Our results provide cut-off points for bronchodilator responsiveness for FEV1, FEV0.75, FEV0.5, and FEF25-75% in healthy preschool children. In addition, we proposed gender-specific reference equations for FEV0.75. Our findings could improve the physiological assessment of respiratory function in preschool children.
Effects of indacaterol versus tiotropium on exercise tolerance in patients with moderate COPD: a pilot randomized crossover study
Authors: Berton Danilo Cortozi , Santos Álvaro Huber dos , Bohn Jr. Ivo , Lima Rodrigo Quevedo de , Breda Vanderléia , Teixeira Paulo José Zimermann
Published: October 2016

Abstract Objective: To compare a once-daily long-acting β2 agonist (indacaterol 150 µg) with a once-daily long-acting anticholinergic (tiotropium 5 µg) in terms of their effects on exercise endurance (limit of tolerance, Tlim) in patients with moderate COPD. Secondary endpoints were their effects on lung hyperinflation, exercise-related dyspnea, and daily-life dyspnea. Methods: This was a randomized, single-blind, crossover pilot study involving 20 patients (mean age, 60.9 ± 10.0 years; mean FEV1, 69 ± 7% of predicted). Spirometric parameters, Transition Dyspnea Index scores, Tlim, and exertional dyspnea were compared after three weeks of each treatment (with a one-week washout period between treatments). Results: Nineteen patients completed the study (one having been excluded because of COPD exacerbation). Improvement in Tlim from baseline tended to be greater after treatment with tiotropium than after treatment with indacaterol (96 ± 163 s vs. 8 ± 82 s; p = 0.06). Tlim significantly improved from baseline after treatment with tiotropium (having increased from 396 ± 319 s to 493 ± 347 s; p = 0.010) but not after treatment with indacaterol (having increased from 393 ± 246 to 401 ± 254 s; p = 0.678). There were no differences between the two treatments regarding improvements in Borg dyspnea scores and lung hyperinflation at "isotime" and peak exercise. There were also no significant differences between treatments regarding Transition Dyspnea Index scores (1.5 ± 2.1 vs. 0.9 ± 2.3; p = 0.39). Conclusions: In patients with moderate COPD, tiotropium tends to improve Tlim in comparison with indacaterol. No significant differences were observed between the two treatments regarding their effects on lung hyperinflation, exercise-related dyspnea, and daily-life dyspnea. Future studies, including a larger number of patients, are required in order to confirm our findings and explore mechanistic explanations. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01693003 [http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/])
Prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in prisoners
Authors: Navarro Pedro Daibert de , Almeida Isabela Neves de , Kritski Afrânio Lineu , Ceccato Maria das Graças , Maciel Mônica Maria Delgado , Carvalho Wânia da Silva , Miranda Silvana Spindola de
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of and the factors associated with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in prisoners in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional cohort study conducted in two prisons in Minas Gerais. Tuberculin skin tests were performed in the individuals who agreed to participate in the study. Results: A total of 1,120 individuals were selected for inclusion in this study. The prevalence of LTBI was 25.2%. In the multivariate analysis, LTBI was associated with self-reported contact with active tuberculosis patients within prisons (adjusted OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.05-2.18) and use of inhaled drugs (adjusted OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.03-2.13). Respiratory symptoms were identified in 131 (11.7%) of the participants. Serological testing for HIV was performed in 940 (83.9%) of the participants, and the result was positive in 5 (0.5%). Two cases of active tuberculosis were identified during the study period. Conclusions: Within the prisons under study, the prevalence of LTBI was high. In addition, LTBI was associated with self-reported contact with active tuberculosis patients and with the use of inhaled drugs. Our findings demonstrate that it is necessary to improve the conditions in prisons, as well as to introduce strategies, such as chest X-ray screening, in order to detect tuberculosis cases and, consequently, reduce M. tuberculosis infection within the prison system.
Staphylococcal superantigen-specific IgE antibodies: degree of sensitization and association with severity of asthma
Authors: Elabras Filho José , Mello Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz , Lupi Omar , Bica Blanca Elena Rios Gomes , Papi José Angelo de Souza , França Alfeu Tavares
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the presence of staphylococcal superantigen-specific IgE antibodies and degree of IgE-mediated sensitization, as well as whether or not those are associated with the severity of asthma in adult patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving outpatients with asthma under treatment at a tertiary care university hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Consecutive patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of asthma based on the Global Initiative for Asthma criteria: mild asthma (MA), comprising patients with mild intermittent or persistent asthma; and moderate or severe asthma (MSA). We determined the serum levels of staphylococcal toxin-specific IgE antibodies, comparing the results and performing a statistical analysis. Results: The study included 142 patients: 72 in the MA group (median age = 46 years; 59 females) and 70 in the MSA group (median age = 56 years; 60 females). In the sample as a whole, 62 patients (43.7%) presented positive results for staphylococcal toxin-specific IgE antibodies: staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), in 29 (20.4%); SEB, in 35 (24.6%); SEC, in 33 (23.2%); and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST), in 45 (31.7%). The mean serum levels of IgE antibodies to SEA, SEB, SEC, and TSST were 0.96 U/L, 1.09 U/L, 1.21 U/L, and 1.18 U/L, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of the qualitative or quantitative results. Conclusions: Serum IgE antibodies to SEA, SEB, SEC, and TSST were detected in 43.7% of the patients in our sample. However, neither the qualitative nor quantitative results showed a statistically significant association with the clinical severity of asthma.
Lung volumes and airway resistance in patients with a possible restrictive pattern on spirometry
Authors: Schultz Kenia , D'Aquino Luiz Carlos , Soares Maria Raquel , Gimenez Andrea , Pereira Carlos Alberto de Castro
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: Many patients with proportional reductions in FVC and FEV1 on spirometry show no reduction in TLC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role that measuring lung volumes and airway resistance plays in the correct classification of patients with a possible restrictive pattern on spirometry. Methods: This was a prospective study involving adults with reduced FVC and FEV1, as well as an FEV1/FV(C) ratio within the predicted range. Restrictive lung disease (RLD) was characterized by TLC below the 5th percentile, as determined by plethysmography. Obstructive lung disease (OLD) was characterized by high specific airway resistance, significant changes in post-bronchodilator FEV1, or an FEF25-75% < 50% of predicted, together with a high RV/TLC ratio. Nonspecific lung disease (NLD) was characterized by TLC within the predicted range and no obstruction. Combined lung disease (CLD) was characterized by reduced TLC and findings indicative of airflow obstruction. Clinical diagnoses were based on clinical suspicion, a respiratory questionnaire, and the review of tests of interest. Results: We included 300 patients in the study, of whom 108 (36%) were diagnosed with RLD. In addition, 120 (40%) and 72 (24%) were diagnosed with OLD/CLD and NLD, respectively. Among the latter, 24 (33%) were clinically diagnosed with OLD. In this sample, 151 patients (50.3%) were obese, and obesity was associated with all patterns of lung disease. Conclusions: Measuring lung volumes and airway resistance is often necessary in order to provide an appropriate characterization of the pattern of lung disease in patients presenting with a spirometry pattern suggestive of restriction. Airflow obstruction is common in such cases.