bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of monochromators for HEPS
Authors: Liang Hao , Lu Yuanshu , Yang Yang , Liu Zekuan , Zhang Shan , Sheng Weifan
Published: December 2022

Monochromator plays a key role in the performance of a synchrotron beamline, it determines a beamline’s energy range, bandwidth, flux, focal sizes, coherence, etc., and it has been the limiting optic in a beamline for a long time. Many efforts have been made in order to improve the performance of the monochromators around the world. The HEPS project will need a batch of monochromators and some of them are built in house, many technical problems needed to be solved. A double crystal monochromator prototype has been developed, tested, then modified by improving the mechanical stability, switching to mechanism based on flexures to drive the second crystal. A quick EXAFS Channel-Cut crystal monochromator was designed for the HEPS XAFS beamline, driven by torque motor and closed loop controller. The design aspects and some test results of both monochromators will be introduced. Results show that the design is feasible and meet the requirements of both beamlines.
An experiment demonstrating the capability of a symmetrical layout type double crystal monochromator controlled using electronic cam technology
Authors: Okui Masato , Shimoguchi Atsushi , Yato Naoki , Murayama Norio , Kikuchi Isao , Tsuboki Ichiro , Kanda Kazuhiro
Published: December 2022

A demonstration test of a newly developed double crystal monochromator was performed on beamline BL06 in the NewSUBARU synchrotron radiation facility of Hyogo University. Due to the symmetrical layout of the 1st crystal and 2nd crystal units of the monochromator, a maximum rotation speed of the main axis of up to 5.0 degrees/sec could be achieved. The monochromator is controlled by a newly developed control board programmed with an electronic cam algorithm. The control system allows the speed of both Z1 and Z2 axes to be successively synchronized as the Bragg angle changes. The Z
1 and Z
2 axes are moved apart by equal amounts from the center of gravity of the monochromator as the Bragg angle is increased. Also, the speed at which the Z1 and Z2 axes are moved apart increases with larger Bragg angle. This newly developed monochromator can maintain a stable exit beam height just as well as previous mechanical cam type monochromators proved on the height of the exit beam measured by an encoder system and observed by fluorescent screen. Due to the symmetrical layout and newly developed control system, the monochromator is suitable for industrial use because it can handle a wide energy range and allows high-throughput experiments to be carried out.
A Grazing Incidence Variable Line-spacing Spherical Grating Monochromator for SwissFEL
Authors: Wagner Ulrich H. , Follath Rolf , Flechsig Uwe , Patthey Luc
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we present a soft x-ray variable line-spacing spherical grating monochromator, which is shared between the three ATHOS beamlines at SwissFEL. The instrument uses grazing incidence angles of less than 3° to withstand the peak-fluence of femtosecond FEL pulses with energies up to 8 mJ. The upward facing monochromator grating facilitates endstations with different beam heights. We explain the integration of the monochromator into the beamlines; discuss its mechanical design, its control system and its optical components. We conclude with showing an initial calibration spectrum and detail the currently achieved performance.
Damage simulation due to heat load from X-ray FEL beam at European XFEL
Authors: Yang F. , La Civita D. , Vannoni M. , Sinn H.
Published: December 2022

In the X-ray FEL beam transport system, the optic components which have direct contact with the beam, e.g. mirror, absorber and beam shutter, etc., could exceed 10 kW peak heat load on a sub-mm spot. Therefore, the thermo-mechanical performance of these components under the extreme high heat load will limit the maximum allowed pulses for the safety operation of the facility. In this contribution, a selection of multi-scale and multi-physics numerical models using finite element tools is introduced to describe the interaction of X-ray laser beam with different materials, taking into consideration of the multi-coupling of heat transfer, solid mechanics, fluid dynamics and phase transitions. The verified and validated models can be referred to define damage threshold of the optic components, and to virtually reproduce the damage mechanism of the materials.
On the utility of fluid flow models in the design of heat exchangers for cooling 4th generation X ray optics
Authors: Clunan J. , Griffiths J. , Bainbridge E. , Docker P.
Published: December 2022

As the Diamond Light source moves towards upgrading to a 4th generation source, increasing x-ray powers and reduced focal sizes will require improved cryogenic cooling to ensure that the projected new levels of brilliance are achieved. This will create a greater demand for LN2, if current systems are maintained, laying a greater economic demand on the facility. As in most cases, new designs are tested using thermal-structural finite element simulation, neglecting the contribution of fluid flow. This leaves us without information about the effect of the fluid on the surface of the crystal, along with the efficiency of the flow itself. This results in under optimised cooling systems, leaving cooling capabilities of the system reduced, increasing the consumption of LN2. This paper presents a full fluid-structure-thermal model, showing the full effects of the flow of liquid nitrogen on the system. This paper will discuss this model in comparison to a conventional thermal-structure model.
Tolerance-budgeting for ultra-stable KB systems
Authors: Moreno G B Z L , Luiz S A L , Pinto A C , Fioravanti A R , Miqueles E X , Tolentino H C N
Published: December 2022

The emergence of new-generation light sources has driven experimental stations and optomechanical instrumentation to increasingly ambitious designs: precision engineering, optics design, and experimental techniques are being pushed to the limit of what is achievable, targeting the best spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution for their measurements. The extreme brilliance making diffraction-limited focusing feasible, also sets new sensitivity baselines for vibrations, clamping and thermal deformations, demanding stiffer mechanics and tighter tolerances for fabrication, metrology, assembly, and alignment, as well as creative commissioning and experiment control strategies. Such interdisciplinary design often requires cross-checking between mechanical, optical, and experimental specifications, where shared variables such as mirror dimensions, incidence angle, and optical magnification factor might induce conflicting behaviour, especially when tightly bounded to pioneering design targets on focus size and divergence, working distance, and flux density to name a few, stressing specifications and tolerances throughout every design step. In this manner, an analytical model integrating the main mirror tolerances could act as a more assertive starting point to broader, model-based assessments, pruning the decision space for subsequent finite-element analysis targeting globally optimal designs. This contribution suggests a tolerance budgeting approach for designing ultra-stable KB mirror systems, which in turn authorized an exactly-constrained realization [5], providing the high stability needed for ambitious nanoprobe designs, as the example of recently commissioned tarumã station, from Sirius/lnls carnaúba beamline [8], and underway designs such as mogno and sapoti stations also at Sirius.
Study of ruthenium film grown in oxygen environment for x-ray optics application
Authors: Gupta S , Dhawan R , Modi M H
Published: December 2022

Ru shows high damage threshold as compared to other standard materials Au, Rh and Pt for high heat load applications in high brilliance synchrotron radiation source and x-ray free electron laser. It is also a promising candidate to be used as a protective capping layer in multilayers for increasing their life time. In the present study, Ru thin films of 500Å thickness were deposited in oxygen environment at different substrate temperatures varying from 70°C to 500°C. In reactive ion beam sputtering process, the flow of Ar and reactive O2 gas was maintained in 4:1 ratio keeping total flow 3 SCCM constant. The deposited films were characterized using grazing incidence x-ray reflectivity (GIXRR), grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) techniques. A significant change in GIXRR profile was observed in the sample grown at 100°C and 500°C whereas the GIXRD measurements indicated no significant formation of ruthenium oxide at different temperatures. However, a strong peak of Ru2Si3 (222) at 500°C was observed indicating a strong interfacial reaction at ruthenium/ substrate interface.The experimental data suggested a weak signature of RuO2 phase in the films deposited at RT, 70°C and 100°C and therefore the effect of ruthenium oxide with 10% composition in pure ruthenium was calculated on optical performance in extreme ultra violet region of photon energy (85-115 eV).
Simulation Study of Accuracy of Calculated Single Photon Event Position with Sub-pixel Spatial Resolution in Charge Couple Device
Authors: Lee T. H. , Wu W. B.
Published: December 2022

It has been a long-term effort to get higher energy resolution for experiment detector. Usually the energy resolution can be converted from spatial resolution though mechanical setup. To shrink pixel size of detector takes a lot of efforts, time and is limited by integrated circuit technology. So centroid algorithm is widely used to increase spatial resolution. Through electron cloud diffusion, the excited electrons are distributed among nearby pixels. Using centroid algorithm, the photon impact point can be calculated. However, the accuracy of calculated position is affected by relative impact position within pixel and signal to noise ratio (SNR). There is a systematic bias offset, or edge effect, toward pixel center when the impact point is near perimeter of pixel. Also the SNR is an important factor which affects the accuracy of calculated position. In this study, we try to calculate the simulated photon event positions by three algorithms, 3x3 centroid, 5x5 centroid and two-dimensional Gaussian profile fit. A simulation 2000 x 1000 pixels’ image with specific SNR is filled with noise first and then sparsely and randomly distributed with 200 Gaussian shaped photon impact events to avoid pile up. Since the original impact points are well known, the calculated positions of photon event can be compared with the original data to verify their accuracy. The noise, or SNR, can also be adjusted for different images to see its effects on the accuracy. The simulation shows the systematic bias toward pixel center for centroid algorithm as seen in the previous experiment using 3x3 centroid. For 3x3 centroid, the bias will not disappear even when SNR is high. 5x5 centroid is better than 3x3 centroid when SNR is high but the position accuracy degrades faster when image SNR decreases. The 2D-Gaussian fit can provide better position estimation at the same SNR and systematic bias of position at perimeter of pixel is minimized. However, the iteration process will diverge and no optimized answer can be attained when SNR is too low. The accuracy of calculated position, defined as inverse of position error standard deviation, is proportional to SNR for 5x5 and 2-D Gaussian fit.
Fluid Injection System for X-ray Tomography Experiments
Authors: Costa G S R , Vasconcelos G J Q , Archilha N L
Published: December 2022

Due to recent developments on synchrotron sources, time-resolved experiments are favored by fourth-generation machines. In particular, X-ray tomography beamlines can now perform complete experiments in less than one second. MOGNO, the nano and microtomography beamline at Sirius, is designed for in situ and operando experiments. The first designed and tested environmental cell is a complete injection system for porous media materials. This system is composed by a flow cell with fluid injection control and pressure feedback. The cell can be used for experiments with pore pressure up to 750 PSI. To increase the autonomy of the injection system, three syringe pumps with a volume of 15 ml are used, and the flow control is done through three independent step motors, and can vary between 30 to 10,000 µl/minute. A web application was developed to allow MOGNO users to easily control the system and read the pressure feedback.
The Laser Infrastructure at the SXP instrument of the European XFEL
Authors: Grychtol P. , Vardanyan V. , Doblas-Jimenez D. , Izquierdo M.
Published: December 2022

This contribution presents the laser infrastructure concept of the Soft X-ray Port (SXP) instrument at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) for day one operation. This scientific platform is conceived as an open port complementing the scientific scope of the other two, already operating baseline instruments at the SASE 3 soft x-ray undulator focusing on atomic, molecular and non-linear optical (SQS) as well as condensed matter physics (SCS). The main driving force behind SXP originates from the time-resolved X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy community contemplating key questions in the dynamics of materials science at interfaces. Nonetheless, proposals to investigate high-valent metal intermediates in biological and inorganic catalysts for chemical bond activation by means of fluorescence spectroscopy as well as research on highly charged ions in the light of astrophysics are also pursued. The outstanding capabilities of the European XFEL pave the way for ultrafast pump-probe investigations at the SXP instrument combining intense and tunable soft X-rays with versatile optical laser capabilities, which are provided by two synchronized femtosecond laser systems, whose wavelength ranges can be extended into the infrared as well as extreme ultraviolet region.
Coherent control of atoms in the extreme ultraviolet and attosecond regime by synchrotron radiation
Authors: Kaneyasu T , Hikosaka Y , Fujimoto M , Iwayama H , Katoh M
Published: December 2022

Control of interference between wave packets is one of the basic concepts in coherent control that enables quantum manipulation of populations and reaction pathways in matter. We have recently shown a new method to achieve coherent control in the extreme ultraviolet and attosecond regime using synchrotron radiation. This method is based on the use of longitudinal coherence of light wave packets that are naturally included in the undulator radiation. For quantum manipulation of atomic systems, wave packet interference is precisely controlled by tuning the time delay between the light wave packets. Here we show that the quantum phase controlled by the time delay can be monitored as an initial phase of the quantum beat oscillation in fluorescence decay.
Four-type phase-contrast X-ray imaging at SAGA Light Source
Authors: Yoneyama A , Baba R , Lwin T T , Kawamoto M
Published: December 2022

Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (Phase imaging), which uses X-ray phase-shift caused by passing through a sample, is a powerful tool for non-destructive three-dimensional observation. Since the cross-section of the phase-shift for light elements in the hard X-ray region is more than 1,000 times larger than that of the absorption, detailed observation can be performed even for biological soft tissues and organic materials, mainly composed of light elements. Phase imaging for a large field of view can be classified into four kinds. The sensitivity and dynamic range of phase imaging are related to a trade-off: each method’s properties differ significantly. Therefore, an optimized phase imaging method needs to be selected for each sample’s density distribution. We have been developing all types of phase imaging for fine observations of various samples using the optimal phase imaging method at the SAGA Light Source. We report the details of each method and instrumentation and give example observations.
The Projection and Transmission X-ray Microscopy at Taiwan Photon Source
Authors: Yin Gung-Chian , Song Yen-Fang , Chen Bo-Yi , Lee Chien-Yu , Hsu Ming-Ying , Liao Cheng-Liang , Chiu Chao-Chih , Lee Ming-Han , Liu Chin-Yen , Chang Chia-Feng , Wang Chun-Chieh , Chiang Liang-Chih
Published: December 2022

Projection X-ray microscopy (PXM) and transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) have been established at beamline 31 at the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). The TPS 31A beamline is sourced by a wiggler with multiple beam modes: white beam, high-flux mono-beam, and high-resolution mono-beam modes. The PXM is based on a collimated beam, and the TXM is full-field microscopy based on a zoneplate. The PXM system and TXM share the same detector platform, which is equipped with different kinds of detector systems for PXM and TXM. The PXM was designed for high-speed 3D tomography with an automatic tray system for loading and unloading samples, including a robotic arm and pre-alignment system. Both the PXM and TXM systems were designed for use in situ, which requires longer working distance for the sample’s environmental cell.
Microtomography on the ANATOMIX beamline at Synchrotron SOLEIL
Authors: Weitkamp T , Scheel M , Perrin J , Daniel G , King A , Le Roux V , Giorgetta JL , Carcy A , Langlois F , Desjardins K , Menneglier C , Cerato M , Engblom C , Cauchon G , Moreno T , Rivard C , Gohon Y , Polack F
Published: December 2022

The ANATOMIX beamline at Synchrotron SOLEIL, operational since 2018, is dedicated to hard X-ray full-field tomography techniques. Operating in a range of photon energies from approximately 5 to 50 keV, it offers both parallel-beam projection microtomography, in absorption and phase contrast, and nanotomography using a zone-plate transmission X-ray microscope. With these methods, the beamline covers a range of spatial resolution from 20 nm to 20 µm, expressed in terms of useful pixel size. The variable beam size of up to 40 mm allows users to image large objects. Here we describe the microtomography instrumentation of the beamline.
Developments in SRW Code and Sirepo Framework Supporting Simulation of Time-Dependent Coherent X-ray Scattering Experiments
Authors: Goel Himanshu , Chubar Oleg , Wiegart Lutz , Fluerasu Andrei , Li Ruizi , He An , Rakitin Maksim , Moeller Paul , Nagler Robert
Published: December 2022

Physical optics simulations for beamlines and experiments are essential for the effective use of synchrotron light source facilities such as NSLS-II at BNL. The SRW software package supports such source-to-detector simulations for coherent X-ray scattering and imaging experiments through its Python interface and Sirepo browser-based graphical user interface. This allows one to define custom sample models, assess the feasibility of an experiment, and estimate most appropriate beamline settings before using valuable beamtime. We discuss the recent use of general-purpose GPU resources and coherent mode decomposition algorithms in SRW to accelerate physical optics simulations with partially coherent X-rays. To illustrate these new capabilities, we describe simulations of typical time series of partially coherent scattering images used in X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS) experiments; aiming to characterize the nanoscale dynamics of a disordered sample, representing a solution of nanoparticles undergoing Brownian diffusion.
Magnetic helicoidal dichroism with XUV light carrying orbital angular momentum
Authors: Fanciulli Mauro , Pancaldi Matteo , Pedersoli Emanuele , Vimal Mekha , Bresteau David , Luttmann Martin , De Angelis Dario , Rebernik Ribič Primož , Rösner Benedikt , David Christian , Spezzani Carlo , Manfredda Michele , Sousa Ricardo , Prejbeanu Ioan-Lucian , Vila Laurent , Dieny Bernard , De Ninno Giovanni , Capotondi Flavio , Sacchi Maurizio , Ruchon Thierry
Published: December 2022

Circularly polarized light is a fundamental tool in magnetic studies, notably for magnetization dynamics. It is less common in magneto-optics to exploit the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of value ℓ carried by light beams possessing a helical wavefront. After finding many applications in the visible range, recently OAM pulses with ultra-short duration and XUV wavelengths became available, widening the range of experiments that can be envisaged. We modelled the interaction of an XUV OAM beam with non-uniform magnetic structures, showing that the far field scattered intensity profile encodes the symmetry of the magnetic structure in a way that depends on the sign and value of ℓ. In analogy with magnetic circular dichroism, this effect, named magnetic helicoidal dichroism (MHD), can be observed by inverting the sign of either the orbital momentum or of the magnetization. We obtained experimental evidence of MHD by measuring ℓ-dependent resonant scattering from a magnetic vortex. The results of recent complementary experiments match well the theoretical predictions, confirming the potential of the new toolset provided by MHD for studying the laser-triggered ultrafast dynamics of complex magnetic materials.
The diffraction volume for square-shaped samples in X-ray diffraction with high spatial resolution
Authors: Chakrabarti P , Modregger P
Published: December 2022

X-ray diffraction with high spatial resolution is a prerequisite for the characterization of (poly)-crystalline materials on micro- or nanoscopic scales. This can be achieved by utilizing a focused X-ray beam and scanning of the sample. However, due to the penetration of the X-rays into the material, the exact location of diffraction within the sample is ambiguous. Here, we utilize numerical simulations to compute the spatially resolved diffraction volume in order to investigate these ambiguities. We demonstrate that partial depth sensitivity can be achieved by rotating the sample.
Body surface potential mapping time series recognition using convolutional and recurrent neural networks
Authors: Rymarczyk T , Wójcik D , Maciura Ł , Rosa W , Bartosik M
Published: December 2022

This article shows recognition of biomedical time series from Body Surface Potential Mapping by means of different convolutional and recurrent neural networks models. The various kinds of neural networks models were examined and compared: model with 1D convolutional layer, model with Long - Short Term Memory layer and model with Gated Recurrent Unit layer.
Optimized fuzzy controller in precise circuits monitoring the current from resistance shunt in high-voltage DC circuits
Authors: Dominikowski B
Published: December 2022

Due to the low value of the resistance shunt, the measurement of low value current is a metrological problem. Properly selected processing constant and measurement system allows to minimize the metrological error. The proposed system consists of two identical non-inductive resistance shunts (125 µΩ) for measurement current. One of them is used to estimate the gain, the other is to measure the current. The amplification of the signal from the measuring shunt is controlled digitally by the fuzzy controller algorithm. The role of the intelligent system is to select the processing constant in order to use the dynamic range of the measuring system. The microprocessor parameters affect the efficiency of the intelligent algorithm. For this reason, part of the fuzzy controller should be implemented in the optimized form in order to relieve the microcontroller from calculations. The easiest way is to use operational amplifiers. Mention above the circuits act as a controller function block for fuzzification the output signal from the additional shunt. Takagi Sugeno Kang's inference system was selected in the proposed system due to the lack of a defuzzifier, which influences into its speed of operation. Carrying out computer simulations proved the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Influence of pulsed electric field on mortality of yeasts of the genus Candida
Authors: Kiełbasa P. , Miernik A. , Dróżdż T.
Published: December 2022

Pulsed electric field (PEF) is a technology that uses short duration high intensity electrical pulses. Application of such a field causes electroporation of the cell membrane and consequently increases its permeability [1]. The genus Candida includes about 200 species, some of which are pathogenic to humans. These microorganisms are potentially used as a source of proteins, polysaccharides and biocomplexes in nutrition [7]. The mechanism of microbial inactivation by PEF is related to the formation of pores in the membrane, as indicated by many authors. The aim of this study is to determine the parameters of pulsed electric field affecting the lethality of selected Candida yeast strains, as well as to determine the percentage of dead cells, after PEF exposure. Depending on the voltage applied and the number of pulses, variation in yeast cell mortality is noted. In comparison with the control samples, with the increase in the number of pulses at each voltage variant, an increase in mortality among the tested yeast strains is observed.
Testing of inductors using the NI Multisim simulation program
Authors: Ptak P , Prauzner T , Noga H , Migo P
Published: December 2022

The article describes the possibilities of using the NI Multisim simulation program to measure the parameters of inductors. The content describes 3 electronic circuits used in the laboratory during didactic classes on the testing of inductors. After measurements of the actual measurement systems, the same electronic systems were designed in the NI Multisim simulation program. In this program, measurements were made on the basis of simulated electronic circuits. Then, the measurements made in real conditions and those measurements made in the NI Multisim smulation program were compared.
Comparison of QEEG test results with regard to the environment
Authors: Prauzner T , Prauzner K , Ptak P , Noga H , Migo P , Małodobry Z
Published: December 2022

The article presents the results of investigations of selected factors interfering the QEEG electroencephalography performed with the Mitsar EEG 202 apparatus and the LZ-643 magnetic field strength meter. The accuracy of QEEG research depends on the occurrence of so-called artifacts, which are the source of magnetic fields occurring in the environment and disturbances in the power supply for measuring apparatus. The research was carried out in the Laboratory of Experimental Research Biofeedback of the Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa.
Impact of pulse electric field on the level of photon emission in selected soft fruits
Authors: Trzyniec K , Skorupa K , Stachurska M
Published: December 2022

In the food industry around the world, pulse electric field (PEF) is becoming one of the most popular methods of preserving food products at low temperature. PEF is an excellent alternative to standard food preservation processes (such as high temperature, changing water activity or pH, or adding preservatives), because it does not heat the product and does not lose valuable ingredients, while maintaining the health-promoting nature of food [1]. In turn, health-promoting ingredients in food show a greater ability to ultimately emit photons. Therefore, the level of photon emission in selected soft fruits was examined before and after the impact of the pulse electric field (PEF) on them. The mean values of photons emitted by the product samples were compared and the standard deviation was analyzed. The analysis of the results showed slight differences in the number of photons emitted, both between different types of fruit and between samples of the same fruit (before and after exposure to PEF).
Prototype of photovoltaic system with dual axis tracker and flat mirror concentrators
Authors: Boyarchuk V , Syrotiuk V , Kuzminsky R , Syrotyuk S , Halchak V , Baranovych S , Yankovska K , Ftoma O , Chochowski A , Obstawski P , Aleksiejuk J , Awtoniuk M , Jakubowski T , Giełżecki J
Published: December 2022

Use of a solar tracker and concentrator of solar radiation flow is distinguished among the most efficient ways to improve electric efficiency of a photovoltaic system. The aim of the research is to detect the effect of each of the ways to improve efficiency of photovoltaic system by comparing installations of different structure (stationary oriented panel, a panel with two-axis tracker and a panel with two-axis tracker and flat mirror concentrator). Basing on the carried analysis of the existing constructions of solar tracking systems, the research substantiates structure of the studied prototype, which moves around the polar axis in a day cycle of tracking, and makes a change of the zenith in a seasonal cycle of the system operation. To secure the function of solar tracking by a photovoltaic panel the research has developed a construction, an algorithm and a program of intellectual microprocessing control system, which supplies tracking of azimuth and zenith angles and protection of the tracker from destruction in case of stormy winds. To argue size dimensions and profile of the principal elements of the tracker construction, the researchers have developed a virtual 3D model and proposed a kinematic-constructive scheme of a rotation gear drive. The work proposes methods of automation of a comparative examination of photovoltaic systems with different structural scheme, which are based on the hardware platform Arduino and software LabVIEW of the company National Instruments.
The use of dual machine learning in industrial electrical tomography
Authors: Rymarczyk T , Kłosowski G , Cieplak T , Niderla K
Published: December 2022

Machine learning techniques are playing a key role in tomography. Process tomography, also known as industrial tomography, uses a variety of physical phenomena. Contrary to the commonly used computed tomography in medicine, electrical, ultrasound, radio and even optical tomography are used in industry. In electrical tomography we distinguish between impedance and capacitance tomography. This manuscript presents an algorithmic method to allow accurate measurements of reactors and industrial vessels using electrical impedance tomography. Reactors may contain liquids which undergo phase changes resulting in crystallization or gassing. The tomograph can detect gas crystals or bubbles. The innovative contribution of the authors is the development of an original algorithm that allows the conversion of input measurements to 2D images. First, the algorithm trains multiple single-output neural networks, each of which generates a single image pixel. Secondly, two models were used (support vector machines and artificial neural networks), which were assigned to individual pixels of the image. The image was reconstructed using two methods, not one, so the new method was called dual machine learning (DML). In order to assess the effectiveness of the new approach, both homogeneous methods (SVM and ANN) were compared with the new DML method. The results confirmed the higher effectiveness of the new approach.
Boosting the photocatalytic activity of electrolyte for higher energy efficiency in water electrolysis under influence of an optimal laser
Authors: Niaz U , Aziz M S , Mufti N , Salleh M S , Krishnan G , Daud S , Abdullah Faizuan , Wirzal M D H
Published: December 2022

In current study a careful and dedicated observation was done to investigate the effect of the externally applied optical field on electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen. As optical field sources, the green and red diode pumped solid state lasers (DPSSL) were utilized. Due to its non-absorbance characteristics in water, the green laser has had the largest impact on the generation/production of hydrogen. In order to dissociate hydronium and hydroxide ions during orientation toward polarisation of water, the electrical field's intensity must be high enough. The mechanism of optical field to expose the hydrogen production in water electrolysis has the capability to break the autoprotolysis and generate the auto-ionization. However, the presence of a sacrificial agent and a laser source combined to produce a better effect, resulting in a five-fold increase in hydrogen output compared to ordinary water electrolysis. UV-Vis and the gas chromatography was performed for supporting the research claim. The gas chromatogram was indicating a clear peak at retention time 1.47 minutes with abundance 338878 a.u. which predicts the purity and abundance of produced hydrogen.
Fast and accurate Brillouin frequency shift extraction in Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (BOTDR) distributed fiber sensor by using ensemble machine learning algorithm
Authors: Almoosa A S K , Zan M S D , Ibrahim M F , Tanaka Y , Hamzah A E , Arsad N
Published: December 2022

To improve the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) resolution measurement and processing time of the differential cross-spectrum Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (DCS-BOTDR) fiber sensor, our team suggests employing the ensemble machine learning (EML) technique. Because it gave the best BFS resolution compared to the other TL cases, we used the BFS distribution data recorded by the pulse duration TL =14 ns case as ground truth to train the EML model in this work. After that, we tested the EML model for TL =4, 60, and 90 ns cases. We improved the BFS resolution for all TL situations by approximately 2.85 MHz, comparable to our resolution when TL was equal to 14 ns. This result demonstrates that the EML algorithm is reliable, efficient, and highly accurate in its predictive capabilities. Additionally, we have documented a rapid processing time of approximately one second. In addition, we have successfully demonstrated 20 cm spatial resolution measurement for TL =60 and 90 ns, which was not previously possible with the usual DCS-BOTDR signal processing method.
Random Lasing Emission of ZnO Nanorods from Different Seeding Thickness
Authors: Rosli Nurizati , Halim Mohd Mahadi , Kamil Wan Maryam Wan Ahmad , Hashim Md Roslan , Hsu Hsu-Cheng , Zhuang Jia-Yuan , Siyuan Chan
Published: December 2022

We present the growth of ZnO nanorods (NRods) prepared by chemical bath deposition on 100 nm and 200 nm ZnO seed layer sputtered on glass substrate. The structural and optical properties of ZnO NRods were investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and UV-Visible (UV-Vis) analyses. Random lasing (RL) emission behaviour was characterized by pulsed-wave micro-photoluminescence (pw µ-PL) analysis. Changed in seed layer thickness on 100 nm and 200 nm, allowing for greater particle size of ZnO NRods to form, while maintaining the preferred diffraction of self-organized growth direction with high-quality c-plane. The reduction in optical properties of ZnO NRods also lowering random lasing emission threshold toward higher excitation power density from 37.86 kW/cm2 to 95.40 kW/cm2.
Specialized Colorimeter for Phenol red pH Measurement
Authors: Louis K C , Abdul Hamid S H F W , Raffay R , Omar A F
Published: December 2022

The phenol red is commonly used in cell culture medium as visual pH indicator by changing its color from darker red color to the orange-yellowish color as the pH is changing from neutral to acidic level. The color change of phenol red is hardly to be determined by using naked eyes that will be interpreted differently by different person. Thus, this study is executed to develop a specialized colorimeter for phenol red pH measurement by using Raspberry Pi as a microcontroller unit, green LED as a light source and photodiode in tandem with capacitor as a light sensor. The Raspberry Pi calculated the capacitor charging time which is in relative to the amount of light sensed by the photodiode. Based on the results, the capacitor charging time can be related to the pH value by using non-linear relationship with high accuracy of R2 = 0.8946 and RMSE = 0.4447. This study successfully introduced the development of low-cost system for phenol red pH measurement by applying the capacitor charging time which is in correspond with the absorbance value.
Potential of Fermented Commercial Feed to Replace Silk Worms on Post larvae of Asian Redtail Catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus)
Authors: Heltonika B , Afriani S , Siagian D R , Lesmana I , Karsih O R
Published: December 2022

Asian redtail catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus) is an economically fish on Malay community. On its breeding requires silk worms as natural food that has the best for growth and survival in the post larvae phase. On the other hand, the availability of silk worms is very dependent on natural conditions. During the rainy season, the availability of silk worms becomes very rare, and this becomes a separate problem for general fish breeders. Based on this, the aimed of this research was to determine how the effect of alternative feeds, in the form of fermented commercial feeds, on the growth performance and survival rate of Asian redtail catfish post larvae. This study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications, namely rare of Asian redtail catfish post larvae with silkworm feed (A), fermented commercial feed (B), non-fermented commercial feed (C), the size of post larvae used was 11.00 ± 0.00 mm, with a stocking density of 4 fish/L. The best results from this study were found in treatment A, which resulted in absolute weight growth of 0.77 ± 0.00 g, absolute length growth of 23.33 ± 0.36 mm, but the highest survival rate was obtained in treatment B (81.33 ± 4.51%), although not significantly different from treatment A. Based on the observation of feed structure, fermented commercial feed was structurally softer. The behavior of the feed response, treatment B was not different from treatment A, while the behavior of the feeding pattern showed that fermented feed (B) was better than non-fermented commercial feed (C). The results of the proximate test, the fermented feed decreased in protein, fat and crude fiber content, while the ash content increased slightly.
Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extracts from Jeringau (Acorus calamus)
Authors: Setiaji J , Hariwitonang J , Johan T I , Heriyanto
Published: December 2022

Increased resistance of pathogenic bacteria due to the use of antibiotics has become a major concern in the aquaculture industry. Environmentally friendly products are urgently needed to replace antibiotics for the treatments of fish diseases. This study aims to determine the activity of extract of Jeringau (Acorus calamus) as an antibacterial towards Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio alginolyticus. The A. calamus extract was obtained by maceration using ethanol as a solvent. This extract was tested for its phytochemical content and its antibacterial activity was tested using the agar diffusion method. The treatments used were concentrations of A. calamus extract 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 mg mL-1. Phytochemical test results of A. calamus extract produced alkaloids, phenolic compounds, saponins, terpenoids and flavonoids. The results of the inhibition test showed that A. calamus extract with a concentration of 200 was able to inhibit the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria by 13.9 mm, 300 (14.4 mm), 400 (14.8 mm), 500 (16.2 mm), 600 (16.5 mm). On Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the concentrations were 200 (13.9 mm), 300 (14.5 mm), 400 (15.2 mm), 500 (15.5 mm), 600 (16.2 mm). On Vibrio alginolyticus, the concentrations were 200 (15.5 mm), 300 (15.7 mm), 400 (16.4 mm), 500 (18.7 mm), 600 (19 mm). In conclusion, A. calamus extract can be used to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria in fish.
Quality evaluation of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves fermented by various dosages of Aspergillus niger as ingredients for fish feeds
Authors: Suharman I , Aryani N , Hasan B , Adelina A , Lukistyowati I , Raysha L , Karo-Karo R M , Caipang C M A
Published: December 2022

The Moringa oleifera leaves are a promising candidate plant protein source for fish feeds because of its high crude protein content, varying from 21% to 32%. However, because of high content of crude fiber in moringa, it can reduce the digestibiliy of the nutrients. Therefore, there is a need for intervention to improve the quality of M. oleifera leaves. The current research was carried out to assess the nutrient quality of M. oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) following fermentation with Aspergillus niger at different dosages as alternative feed ingredients for fish. In this study, a completely randomized design with four treatments and three repetitions was used. The treatments were as folllows: F0 = Fermentation of MOLM without A. niger (control), F1 = Fermentation of MOLM with A. niger at 2% (w/w) of MOLM, F2 = Fermentation of MOLM with A. niger at 4% (w/w) of MOLM and F3 = Fermentation of MOLM with A. niger at 6% (w/w) of MOLM. Results showed that MOLM fermented with A. niger had a significant effect on crude fiber and crude protein. It can be concluded that MOLM supplemented with 6% A. niger could improve crude protein and crude fiber quality of Moringa oleifera leaves.
The Use of Pineapple Extract to Remove Egg Adhesiveness in the Production of Asian Redtail Catfish Fry (Hemibagrus nemurus CV)
Authors: Sukendi  , Thamrin  , Putra R M , Nuraini  , Andriani D
Published: December 2022

Asian redtail catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus) is one of the freshwater fish commodities that have high economic value and are popular with the public. To meet the consumption needs of the community, this fish farming business has started to be carried out, but the provision for the cultivation needs is still an obstacle that is always encountered. This is because of the high adhesion of the eggs in the hatching that is carried out so it will affect the fertilization and hatching values obtained. The purpose of this study was to analyze the use of pineapple extract with different doses on egg adhesion, fertilization, hatching, growth, and survival of Asian redtail catfish fry. This research was conducted from April to June 2022 at the Laboratory of Fish Hatchery and Breeding, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Riau University. The design used was a completely randomized design with a dose of pineapple extract consisting of a P0 dose of 0% (control treatment without soaking pineapple solution), P1 dose of 0.75% (immersion treatment with a dose of 0.75 ml pineapple solution/liter of water). P2 at a dose of 1.00% (immersion treatment with a dose of 1.00 ml of pineapple solution/liter of water) and P3 at a dose of 1.25% (immersion treatment with a dose of 25 ml of pineapple solution/liter of water). The results showed that the best treatment was obtained at P2 treatment at a dose of 1.00% (immersion treatment with a dose of 1.00 ml pineapple solution/liter of water) with a fertilization value of 89.50%, hatching value of 82.37%, egg adhesion value 26, 16%, absolute weight growth of 1.3151 g, absolute length growth of 4.74 cm, a daily weight growth rate of 13,8057 % and survival rate of 72%.
Carotenoid Pigments in Vanname Shrimp Carapace (Litopenaeus vanname) as Natural Antioxidant
Authors: Karnila R , Yunus A A
Published: December 2022

The by-product of vanname shrimp in the form of carapace that is not used can pollute the environment. The carapace has the potential of carotenoid pigments as natural antioxidant capable of reducing free radicals. The use of enzymes in the extraction of carotenoids does not produce residues that are harmful to the body and the environment. Papain enzyme is a sulfhydryl enzyme which has more extensive capabilities than other protease enzymes. The main ingredients used were carapace of vannamei shrimp from a traditional market in Pekanbaru. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best papain enzyme concentration and to determine the antioxidant activity of the carotenoid extract of vanname shrimp carapace. This research was conducted using an experimental method according with to the modified Simpson and Haard research. The research treatments were different concentrations of papain enzymes (3, 6, and 9%) with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The research consisted of three stages: (1) the manufacture of carapace powder for vannamei shrimp, (2) the extraction of carotenoids, (3) the identification of carotenoids by spectrophotometry. The results of the study of 3 kg of vannamei shrimp obtained a flour yield of 42.36% and the yield of carotenoid extracts, namely the concentration of 3% (3.77%), 6% (2.97%), and 9% (3.98%).
Analysis of Physical and Chemical Conditions in Sidakarya Coastal Waters, Bali
Authors: Sufyan A , Akhwady R , Mahabror D , Permana S M , Zulkarnain R
Published: December 2022

Sidakarya Coast is one of the developing ecotourism and fisheries areas in Denpasar City, Bali Province. This area has ecotourism and fishery potential that needs to be maintained so that ecotourism and fishery activities that depend on this area can enjoy economic prosperity. Activities around the coast of Sidakarya, such as ecotourism, housing areas, traditional fisheries, and agriculture, have indirectly affected the quality of coastal waters. This research was one of the efforts to identify the physical and chemical parameters of the coastal waters, including, salinity, temperature, DO (Dissolved oxygen), water transparency and pH. This research was conducted in April 2021 with five measurement points of water quality factors. Measurement location determination using the purposive sampling method. Water quality analysis was carried out by comparing the measurement results with values of water quality standards based on the State Minister Decree of the Environment Number 51 of 2004 for marine tourism and marine biotas and reffering to the State Minister Decree of the Environment Number 115 of 2003 concerning Rules for determining the situation with quality of water. The measurement results showed the value of Sidakarya water quality parameters ranging from 30.2-30.6 °C for temperature, 0.6-5 meter for water transparency, 29.7-33.7°/oo for salinity, 4.94-7.04 mg/l for DO and 6.9-7.4 for pH. The results obtained that the condition of Sidakarya waters in general still meets the water quality; only the water transparency parameter at the location near the estuary was below the quality standard. The after effects of the estimation of the pollution index (PI) on each sampling station show the PI value <1 or meets the quality standards for marine biota (stations 1 and 2) and meet the quality standards for marine tourism (stations 3,4 and 5). The results indicated that Sidakarya waters can still be developed for ecotourism areas and limited fisheries.
Microplastic pollution in the surface water of Lake Singkarak, Indonesia
Authors: Henny C , Rohaningsih D , Suryono T , Santoso A B , Waluyo A
Published: December 2022

Microplastic pollution is already at an “alarming” level in Indonesia’s marine and freshwater ecosystems. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has reported the microplastic occurrence in the lake ecosystem in Indonesia. Lake Singkarak, a big tectonic lake, has been considered one of the priority lakes to be restored. The lake receives a high influx of plastic waste from rivers and catchment runoff. Controlling the outflow through the hydropower dam and the sluice in the main lake outlet may prevent the microplastic’s outflux. The study’s objective was to determine the microplastic first occurrence and abundance in the lake’s surface water. Water samples were collected from three sites in the lake inlet area, one in the intake area of the hydropower dam and one in the outlet area, by performing four parallel trawls in each site using a modified plankton net. The most abundant microplastics in the lake’s surface water were 9 particles/m3 in the lake inlet area, which received a high plastic waste input from the river. The lowest abundance was 2 particles/m3 in the main lake outlet area. Foams and fragments, white and clear in color, size of 300 μm, were the dominant types of microplastics observed. Our preliminary study suggests that the lake could act as a sink of microplastics. Therefore, ceasing the input sources of plastic waste from the river should be prioritized to prevent further microplastic pollution of Lake Singkarak.