bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the Durability of Protective Materials Based on Inorganic Binders when Exposed to Short-Wave Radiation
Authors: Makarevich Oleg , Smirnova Olga
Published: January 2015

The concretes and mortars based on the Portland cement are able to perform the functions of the protective and durable materials for the disposal and long term storage of radioactive waste. It has investigated the influence of fineness of the carbon-containing component and the type of the water-reducing polycarboxylate-based admixtures on the properties of protective concrete of the recommended optimal composition.
Improvement of the Double Skin Facades
Authors: Petrichenko Mikhail , Vatin Nikolai , Nemova Darya
Published: January 2015

Double skin facades very popular in this time. They are applied for construction of new buildings and for reconstruction. But double skin facades contains some defects. In the present paper concrete constructive changes in a design of the Double skin facades which are offered. This changes will can to normalize heatmoisture conditions in the building. All proposed solutions are proved by theoretical calculations and numerical simulation.
Thermal Cracking Resistance in Massive Concrete Structures in the Winter Building Period
Authors: Semenov Kirill , Barabanshchikov Yuri
Published: January 2015

The article deals with issues of the thermal cracking resistance in massive concrete and reinforced concrete structures during the building period. The paper lists the calculation results of the NPP reactor foundation mat thermal stressed state and thermal cracking resistance. The research also considers the concrete hardening temperature influence on its thermo-physical and deformation characteristics. The deformation criterion is used to calculate the concrete thermal cracking resistance. In addition, the paper focuses on the assignment of safe concrete pouring technological parameters in the winter period. Furthermore, the article estimates the necessity of the structure peripheral electric heating during the building period.
Comparison of European and Russian Technical Documentation for Structural Use of Concrete
Authors: Antonova Maria , Glushko Daria , Belyaeva Svetlana , Pakrastinsh Leonid
Published: January 2015

Wiliness to expand cooperation with European scientists has been triggered by profound study of European standards and codes. Having learnt European standards will make it possible to break technical trade barriers down and make it possible to have common-used design rules for buildings and structures. It is essential to start learning entire array of supporting documents. First of all standards for materials and standards for testing methods should be analyzed. This article deals with research of the European standard technical documentation in terms of specifications and testing methods for concrete mixes and concretes to be compared with the Russian standards.
Reduced Thermal Resistance of a Two-Layer Wall Construction
Authors: Gorshkov Alexander S. , Ivanova Ekaterina
Published: January 2015

The topic of the article regards to the development of new SP 50.13330.2012 «Heat protection of buildings» actualized edition of SNIP 23-02-2003. The article focuses on the reduced thermal resistance, which takes into account the influence of thermally conductive inclusions by the coefficient of heattechnical uniformity.
Salt Corrosion of Masonry Mortar
Authors: Zapoyev Mikhail , Krivoy Sergey Aleksandrovich , Belyaeva Svetlana
Published: January 2015

Brickwork is one of the most convenient of enclosures. It combines supreme thermal insulation, durability, aesthetic appearance. However, masonry is subjected to plurality of destructive factors, one of which is salt corrosion. Survey of buildings of Saint-Petersburg has been described in this article. Experimental data that proves vulnerability of mortar to salt efflorescence has been obtained. Several solutions of this problem have been recommended and necessity of future researches has been stated.
Influence of Synthetic Fibers Dispersed Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Barabanshchikov Yuri , Turkebayev Arman , Dalabayev Azamat , Tleukhanov Daniyar
Published: January 2015

Nowadays, construction often is used a composite material. Including fibro concrete of reinforcing synthetic fibers. In this title was survey the effect of fiber reinforcement. PAN and HC on the properties of concrete in depend of length fibers, its design, types dressing, composition of concrete, aggregate fineness and etc. As a result of influence was revealed that is not depend of length fibers in the same mobility of concrete mix and differente flow consumption of cement concrete strength in compressive decreases and increases a concrete of fiber. The same conditions strength concrete in flexural with increases content fibro rising. In attendance fibro model is deformation decreases but maximum permission increase.
Simulation and Experimental Investigation of Deformation and Fracture of the Masonry
Authors: Grishchenko Alexey I. , Semenov Artem S. , Semenov S.G. , Benin Andrey V. , Melnikov Boris E.
Published: January 2015

The masonry model, representing an elastic mortar and elastic bricks, is analyzed with aim to evaluate effective elastic moduli and strength properties. By means of the direct finite element simulation and homogenization procedure the analysis of variation influence in the heterogeneous material microstructure characteristics (influence of brick aspect ratio and orientation angle) on the local stress-strain state and mechanical properties of the representative volume element of considered composite has been fulfilled.
Strength Evaluation of a Linear Extended Structure on a Statically Inhomogeneous Foundation
Authors: Muravieva Liudmila , Vatin Nikolai
Published: January 2015

In this paper the Galerkin method are used to obtain approximate solution to the stochastic beam bending problem. The present method is used to analyze the static deflection of beams. The uncertainty is represented as a parameterized stochastic process. Galerkin’s method selects the weight function functions in a special way: they are chosen from the basis functions, i.e. w(x)Î{ji(x)}, ni=1. It is required that the following n equations hold true. From the approximate solution, first and second order derivatives of the response are used. This paper solves the problem of strength and safety evaluation of a linear extended structure lying on a statically inhomogeneous foundation and presents an engineering analysis method.This paper solves the problem of strength and safety evaluation of a linear extended structure lying on a statically inhomogeneous foundation and presents an engineering analysis method.
Humidity Conditions of Enclosing Structure with Silicate Brick Veneer and Variable Air Gap
Authors: Petrichenko Mikhail , Nemova Darya , Bogomolova Arina , Kopylova Anastasiya
Published: January 2015

The main function of walling system is to protect from environmental impact and to create favorable climate indoors. At the present time people use such tape of structures, such as: wall with silicate brick veneer, curtain wall system with a thin plaster layer and curtain wall system with air gap as well as without it. The results of the thermomoist calculation of enclosing structures with silicate brick veneer without air gap is presented in article. Technical guidelines for normalization of humidity conditions for data structures are provided in article. The main purpose is to calculate and to develop design consideration for realization enclosing structures with silicate brick veneer without air gap. The results of the calculation show conformity of the walling system to the required energy efficiency, hygiene and comfort standards.
Advanced Method for Semi-Rigid Joints Design
Authors: Vatin Nikolai , Bagautdinov Ruslan , Andreev Konstantin
Published: January 2015

In this paper was presented analysis of the background and was found the most appropriate ways to consider joints stiffness. The design process algorithm is proposed in order to take into account nonlinear stiffness characteristic, complex of economic, ecologic and safety factors for the different joint types.
Reticular-Stretched Thermo-Profile: Buckling of the Perforated Web as a Single Plate
Authors: Vatin Nikolay I. , Havula Jarmo , Martikainen Lassi , Sinelnikov Aleksei S. , Shurovkina Lidia L.
Published: January 2015

This paper includes buckling analysis of reticular-stretched steel cold formed profile web as a single plate based on classical theory of elasticity. Numerical method used throughout the research was finite-element method (FEM). Results of the research have good correlation with tests.
Comparison of the Bearing Capacity of LST- Profile Depending on the Thickness of its Elements
Authors: Trubina Darya , Abdulaev Dzhamal , Pichugin Egor , Rybakov Vladimir , Garifullin Marsel , Sokolova Olga
Published: January 2015

The influence of local buckling on the bearing capacity of light steel thin-walled profiles is a hot topic today. In this paper we evaluated the effect of the thickness of the elements of the cross section on bearing capacity the profile in a transverse bending.
Friction of Rubber on the Concrete Surface Treated with a Remedy against Drying out
Authors: Barabanshchikov Yury , Pakrastinsh Leonids , Gatitullin Vitaliy , Muhanna Ala’
Published: January 2015

Concrete pavements and airfields in the curing process of protection against desiccation, particularly, the application of the wax-polymer emulsion which forms a solid film, which persists for a long time in the initial period of operation of roads and airfields. The presence of the film changes the nature of the friction on the surface that could adversely affect traffic and aircraft. This paper investigates the friction of rubber on the surface of the treated concrete with an aqueous emulsion of paraffin series Emcoril. It was established that the friction on the paraffin film, unlike friction on the surface of the concrete does not respect the law of linear Coulomb. The degree of deviation from linearity, the higher the greater the thickness of the film. The frictional force on the film increases with the slip velocity. At high speed, friction in the film is greater than the frictional force on the concrete, and at low speed is much lower than the previous one
The Typical Roof Structure Project Based on Trusses Made of Roll-Welded RHS Pipes Development
Authors: Baranovskiy Mikhail , Tarasov Vladimir , Zimin Sergei
Published: January 2015

Standardization and unification of elements, constructions and design solutions is one of the main ways to reduce the complexity and cost of the construction.Standard designs of truss coatings with a 10% slope for 24, 30, 36 meters spans were developed in this article for different load combinations.Stress calculation and truss elements dimensioning was made with the SCAD Office software complex. Then the relationship between the thickness of the section, span and load was defined, and the limits of various sizes of the accepted bottom chord connecting block.Designed series of truss structures with a 10% slope and 24, 30, 36 meters spans covers a range of line loads from 1,3 t/m to 3.3 t/m. In comparison with the truss structures series Molodechno it has a lower metal consumption by reducing the cross section of the upper chords due to vertical elements adding. Transportation of a 12-meter section falls under the category of oversized transportation.
Quadrilateral Finite Element for Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Floor Slabs and Foundation Plates
Authors: Fialko Sergiy
Published: January 2015

The quadrilateral finite element for analysis of thin-walled reinforced concrete structures with complex geometrical shapes is suggested for implementation in engineering software. The behavior of concrete and reinforcement is described with relations of the deformation theory of plasticity, formulated in terms of residual strains, which allows passing from unloading to active loading for stress – strain diagram with opposite sign. The compatibility of deformations of concrete and reinforcement is assumed. Reinforcement of each direction is presented as a separate layer, subjected to tension - compression in the direction of rod axes. The Mindlin-Reissner shell theory as well as the mixed interpolation of shear strain components is used.
The Analysis of Convergence of Finite Element Method for a Foundation Slab on the Bilinear Subgrade
Authors: Maskaleva Vera , Rybakov Vladimir
Published: January 2015

This article considers the convergence of the foundation slab finite element model. Slab works in conjunction with the subgrade. In PC Cross Scad authors conducted joint calculation of the foundation slab and ground, based on the use of an iterative algorithm.Analytical research of convergence of the calculations results allowed to select optimum partitioning step of the model. Conclusions are drawn on rationality of calculations of the foundation slab on the bilinear subgrade realized in PC Cross Scad.
Fracture Analysis of Piezoceramic CT-Specimen for Different Types of Crack Face Boundary Conditions
Authors: Ivashov Ilia V. , Semenov Artem S.
Published: January 2015

At the moment a problem of fracture and lifetime estimation for piezoelectric materials is not completely solved. The paper considers fundamentals of linear fracture electromechanics, fracture parameters and fracture criteria. The main difference from linear mechanics is crack face boundary conditions taking into account relative permeability of media inside the crack gap and coulomb traction. Different types of crack face boundary conditions and their numerical implementation are described. The paper presents results of finite element modeling of fracture toughness experiments on the compact tension specimens under combined electromechanical loading. Different types of crack face boundary conditions were tested and comparison of fracture parameters and fracture criteria was carried out.
Thermal-Fatigue Analysis of Turbine Discs under Complex Thermo-Mechanical Loading with Account of Plasticity and Creep Effects
Authors: Ignatovich Igor , Semenov Artem S. , Semenov Sergey , Getsov Leonid
Published: January 2015

During operation of transport and maneuverable gas-turbine units, there are crack formation in turbine disc rims what exerted by thermomechanical cycling loads. For in-depth study of these problems we have to use theories of plasticity and creep which form the basis for determining the complex stress-strain state in the stress concentration zone for disc rims, and a modern failure criterion which can predict lifetime under conditions of simultaneous plastic and creep strain accumulation. There is a finite-element method (FEM) that allows us to evaluate the stress-strain state in a stress concentration zone for a non-elastic material behavior. With plasticity and creep theories, it is possible to determine local strain quiet reliable by FEM.
Measurement of Physical and Mechanical Properties of High-Speed Heated Casting Cores
Authors: Erdakov Ivan Nikolaevich , Novokreshchenov Viktor Vladimirovich , Tkachev Vladimir Michaylovich , Gabbasov Ranil Danillovich
Published: January 2015

The paper presents the results of experimental studies of physical and mechanical properties of casting cores (-set process using Carbectis binder) high-speed heated with subsequent destruction. Based on experimental data, such parameters of deformation model of a core are obtained which permit to calculate the values of hindered shrinkage of AK7Ch alloy with the accuracy of 1.5 %.
Experimental Determination of Thermal Kinetic Parameters in Case Study of Tubes with Smooth and Structured Surface
Authors: Kubín Milan , Hirš Jiří
Published: January 2015

Thermal kinetic parameters are very often used in the engineering practice for the simplified design of the heat exchangers. These thermal kinetic parameters must be determined from the experimental measurement. This contribution is aimed on the calculation of thermal kinetic parameters from the experimental measurements of heat exchanger water steam / hot water. In this case study are tested and compared tubes with the smooth and structured surface. Obtained results can be directly used in the engineering practice.
The Research on Thermal-Mechanical Coupled Analysis and the Lightweight Design of Engine Exhaust Valve
Authors: Deng Zhi Yong , Lan Feng Chong , Huang Wei , Guo Hui , Chen Pei Huan
Published: January 2015

Four types of exhaust valve models are established, the lightweight on engine exhaust valve is designed. The results on thermal mechanical coupled analysis of four exhaust valve models show that: The maximum values of mises stress appear in contact surface between the valve cone and valve seat; Comparing the maximum mises stress, as wall thickness of the hollow valve increases, there are gradual decrease trends in the same positions of the valve cone, the locking groove, neck and end face of the valve disc. The research on the stress distribution of exhaust valves and the variation law between hollow valves′s strength and their wall thickness provide a good reference for improvement in the future.
Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Injection Upsetting Load Prediction
Authors: Ayer Önder , Bingöl Sedat , Altinbalik Tahir
Published: January 2015

Lateral extrusion, which requires less forming load comparing the closed-die forging, has been presenting a gradually increasing field of application as a type of metal forming wherein advantageous of forging and extrusion are combined. In this study production of a work piece with a single tapered tooth manufactured by the lateral extrusion method has been made and experimental load and die fullness rates have been measured. After that the data obtained from experiments was submitted to the developed artificial neural networks (ANN) model. The ANN model was trained by taking diameter, height and stroke as the input variables and the injection upsetting load as the output parameter. The ANN predicted results were found to be in terms of prediction accuracy with experimental results.
Structure Principle and Property of Internal Combustion Stove
Authors: Zhang Hong Xin , Han Fa Sen , Shu Pei , Ma Yong Zhi
Published: January 2015

For overcoming flaws of traditional gas stove and kitchen ventilator, the structure and principle of internal combustion stove was put forward, and the prototype was developed and tested. When the opening of gas valve increases, firstly, the thermal efficiency decreases sharply, then smoothly, and thermal efficiency reaches up to 70.93% versus 25% opening of gas valve. The internal combustion stove is very suitable for frying or heating food directly, environmental, energy-saving, safe, compact, etc.
A Complicated Transfer Design Method Based on Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Yao Xiao Ling , Wang Yan Ni
Published: January 2015

Based on the simple transfer function design, this thesis presents a technology for complicated transfer function design. It converts complicated transfer function design problem into the fusing of several simple transfer function. The keystone is to formulate the transfer function fusing problem into searching for optimal fusing proportion, and to generate the new fusing proportion using a similarity evaluation method, which is based on expectation fitness. To a large extent, it simplifies the design process of complicated transfer function.
Heat Resistance Increase of Chromium Cast Iron by Modifying
Authors: Levin Maksim , Ten Edis
Published: January 2015

The influence of chromium cast iron Cr8 treatment by Fe-45Si-6Mg-0,5REM modifier on the structure, phase transformation and heat resistance was studied experimentally.It is demonstrated that during modifying of chromium cast iron Cr8 the alloying effect takes place. The initial cast iron structure which consists of alloyed ferrite, carbide (Cr,Fe)7C3 and cementite (Fe,Cr)3C is transformed as in the process of chromium alloying according to modifier consumption increase. At the modifier consumption of 0,15 % the mass quota of cementite (Fe,Cr)3C decreases from 3,2 % to zero, and the mass quota of carbide (Cr,Fe)7C3 increases from 20 % up to 30 %.
An Investigation about Welding Parameters of Polypropylene Matrix Composite
Authors: Huner Umit , Erdogan E. Selcuk
Published: January 2015

This paper presents an experimental investigation of heated tool welding of polypropylene matrix composite. The goals of this paper are to investigate the issues of local changes of welding strength that depends on heating time. For experimental procedure, specimens were injection molded as ISO tensile test specimens and matrix was reinforced by organic and inorganic materials. In addition, welding of specimens was carried out by non-contact heated tool butt welding process. Within the range of the weld process parameters were investigated, the highest weld strength dependent on heating time was achieved of the order of 94% to the base strength of the material. And then these specimen’s maximum welding strengths and energy at break point properties that were depend on heating time have been compared.
Experimental Researches of Fe-Cr Alloys and Cu-Zn Alloys Used for Microsurgical Instruments Manufacturing
Authors: Băilă Diana Irinel , Gheorghe Marian
Published: January 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical and metallurgical aspects, mechanical properties and hardness of the stainless steel of Fe-Cr alloy, the stainless steel of Fe-Cr alloys coating with Ni and Cu-Zn alloys coating with Ni alloys used for microsurgical instruments manufacturing.In dentistry are develop new materials and methods to obtain microsurgical instruments with complex form and who must to present mechanical resistance, good corrosion and a great cleaning identically like the glass. The new methods to obtain the microsurgical instruments try to realize quickly the complex form with a cost is expensive.Ni coating permit a better corrosion resistance of microsurgical instruments, because of the thin shiny layer protective, resistant and homogenous.Ni coating permit a better wear resistance of microsurgical instruments for long time.
Research Progress and Prospects for Vehicle Dynamic Stability Parameters
Authors: Liu Xu , Liu Wei , Zhao Yun Fei
Published: January 2015

Dynamic stability parameters (dynamic derivatives) are important indicators for the control system design, orbit design and longitudinal and horizontal dynamic stability analysis of aircrafts. Methods that evaluate the quality and dynamics of an aircraft typically include flight experiment, wind tunnel testing and theoretical calculation, with one of the most important part of them being the obtainment of dynamic derivatives. Project estimation method derivative action is not considered suitable for boundary layer transition, flow separation and re-attached and the complex situation leeward area vortex small angle of attack linear range. Frequency domain is a dynamic non-scheduled periodic invariant system to get moving derivative calculation method, but the accuracy of the unsteady flow is much lower than the time-domain calculations. Currently, unsteady CFD approach represents a time-domain nonlinear aerodynamic characteristics predicted the most advanced level. Derivative prediction efficiency and adaptability under conditions of high angle of attack of the development trend of nonlinear dynamic derivatives were analyzed. As a global trend, obtaining dynamic parameters through numerical calculation is becoming a prevailing approach to dynamic parameter research.
Analysis of Dot Micro-Morphology for Image Replication Quality Evaluation
Authors: Wang Qi , Wang Qian , Qiu Xiao Lin , Wang Tian Ma
Published: January 2015

Dot is the smallest structural unit of image printing. Micro-characteristic of each printing dot such as spreading area, dot shape and three-dimensional shape which are formed on the surface of substrates affect the image replication quality directly. It is significant to accurately extract and analyze dot microstructure in the process of image transfer for evaluating the quality of image replication .Different shapes of printing dots from the standard offset proof are extracted through microscopic test system. The optimal threshold segmentation algorithm was determined by experiment which gets accurate microscopic quantitative value of the dot, the obtained two-dimensional and three-dimensional shape of printing dot became the basis to evaluate the quality of image replication. The between-cluster variance method is used for dot image segmentation. The research was carried on to track image edge after image threshold and to extract the characteristic parameters to accurately characterize the two-dimensional shape, thus characterizing the image replication quality of dot plane form accordingly; on the basis of collected dot two-dimensional data, the experiment was conducted to combine with gray value differences of single dot caused from ink accumulation within its shape areas. Besides, dot density contour and three-dimensional data were quantized by programming in order to restore three-dimensional shape of printing dot on the surface of substrates quantitatively and intuitively. It shows that quality of dot micro-morphology is the fundamental guarantee of image replication quality. The changes of dot shape, area as well as three-dimensional shape in the process of image replication affect the printing quality. Extraction and analysis dot microstructure can detect dot replication quality intuitively which becomes new method to evaluate image replication quality.
A Novel Approach of Edge Detection Based on Gray Correlation Degree and Kirsch Operator
Authors: Huang Ying , Chen Guang Xue , Chen Qi Feng
Published: January 2015

Image edge detection plays an important role in the process of image processing. This article classified the effect of various edge detection algorithms of digital images, mainly through the analysis of characteristics of the commonly used several kinds of classical edge detection operator in the time domain. For the actual image, the edge of the gray scale is sometimes not very clear, and the image also contains noise. A new algorithm of edge detection based on gray correlation degree and Kirsch operator is discussed in the paper. Kirsch operator is the reference sequence. Firstly, calculate the gray correlation degree of each pixel in the image and its neighbors formed eight action sequences and reference sequences, then determine the detection of edges based on gray correlation degree. The results show that this method can more accurately detect the useful information of the edge, and has a certain noise immunity. It is an effective and feasible new edge detection method.
Evaluation of Color Rendering Index for LED and Fluorescent Light Sources
Authors: Jiang Huan , Huang Min , Yang Fu Song , Liu Yu
Published: January 2015

In order to assess the performances of different color rendering index (Ra, CRI, CQS, nCRI, R96a). The LED (light-emitting diode), fluorescent light sources and 30 printed color samples were used in our experiment. 20 observers were organized to carry out the color preference experiment, the visual data were accumulated to test the performances of the light sources and the results indicated that existing color rendering index have some deficiencies to assess the quality of the light source, which were needed to be modified for the theory of color science and industry application. The new CQS additional scales were calculated and the improvements were still insufficient for the LED light sources.
Algorithm of Double-Chroma Ink Mapping for Multi-Color Printer
Authors: Liu Shi Wei , Zhen Liu , Wei Qing Bao
Published: January 2015

Aiming at three color pairs of Lk &K, Lc & C, Lm &M, which are commonly used on multi-color inkjet printers. Based on colorimetric matching, polynomial fitting was used to establish a mapping relationship between each pairs of double chroma ink ,and fitting accuracy was contrasted between different fitting times. Experimental results show that the quartic polynomial can achieve better accuracy than the conic fitting. The study is great significance for printer’s color separation which has the two levels of color channel.
Study on the Relationship between Amount of Printing Ink and the Reproduction of Tone
Authors: Deng Pu Jun , Cai Bo Cheng , Wang Yu
Published: January 2015

During the process of printing, the relation between ink amount and the reproduction of tones is focused. There are errors in the results, because the solid density is the subject while there are some difficulties in controlling of ink amount. If it is done in the real production and fine control of ink, the effect of ink amount on the tone replication of the different dot area rate are analyzed, it will be better to provide the basis of printing quality. The experiments were done in the printing machine of Heidelberg SM 52. The ink amount is increased by 5% once to print for many times. According to these samples, this paper is got the results of density of different dot to different ink amount, dot gain and contrast, the laws and the relationship between ink amount change and the tone replication. The research results show that there are different laws between ink amount and dot density , ink amount and dot gains. The solid density is determined by analysis of contrast.
Research on the Application of 3D Printing Technology in the Field of Packaging
Authors: Li Meng Xiao , Zhou Shu Bao
Published: January 2015

3D printing technology has brought technology innovations for each industry, there is no exception in the field of packaging. This paper mainly introduces the characteristics and advantages of 3D printing technology, its application progress in products packaging design and packaging material forming, and finally summarizes the application trend of 3D printing technology. 3D printing technology can not only make complex and personalized packaging design possible, but also dig more advanced packaging materials, and make the formation of packaging materials quickly, 3D printing technology has very broad prospects of development in the field of packaging.
Accuracy Comparison of Application of Two Kinds of Cellular Neugebauer Models on Multicolor Separation
Authors: Wang Na , Chen Guang Xue , Chu Gao Li
Published: January 2015

Neugebauer printing color model can be divided into tristimulus model and spectral model in form. After color subarea, if these two models are directly applied to multicolor separation, the accuracy of color separation is far from enough. A relatively effective way is to conduct cellular division for device independent color space and achieve higher accuracy through measuring more training samples. This article aims at CMYKRGB seven color separation applications and after performing color separation for two Neugebauer models, cellular divisions with different grades would be carried out successively. The predicted color accuracy of these two models after cellular divisions will be detected using color separation printing test color targets. The impact of cellular division correction on predicted color accuracy and calculation efficiency would be analyzed based on the test results finally.
Studies on Treatment of Waste Fountain Solution from Sheet-Fed Offset Printing
Authors: Li Lian Fang , Wang Wei Min , Liao Chang Xing , Zhou Yi Yi , Gong Jia Hao
Published: January 2015

This article explores treatment method of waste fountain solution from sheet-fed offset printing. First calcium chlorate is used to have a oxidation treatment for the waste water, then it is dealt with composite coagulants polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and cation polyacrylamide (CPAM) under different pH value. The results show that quality of the waste fountain solution could reach the national second-grade standard of sewage comprehensive discharge through the above treatment (GB 8978--1996) when treating with 0.7 g/L calcium hypochlorite and then sinking with PAC 4.0 g/L, CPAM 75.0 mg/L under the pH value of 8.0 for about 10 minutes. With the optimum treatment conditions removal rates of COD, ammonia nitrogen, phosphate and hexavalent chromium are above 90%, 94%, near to 98% and above 99% respectively.
Online Real-Time Detection Scheme Research on Precision of Filter Rod Circumference
Authors: Tian Qian Ru , He Bang Gui , Wang Zhi Long
Published: January 2015

Precision of filter rod circumference is an important performance index of the cigarette manufacturing. The forming mechanism of filter rod, equipment vibration and other interference factors all lead to fluctuations of precision of filter rod circumference which can affect the precision of the cigarette. The existing KDF2/3 filter rod making machine which has the characteristics of compact structure (small space dimension), high speed (300 m/min) and discrete control of precision of filter rod circumference is the core equipment of filter rod production. This paper puts forward four kinds of online real-time detection schemes on precision of filter rod circumference which are Aomeijia’s many groups of detectors scheme, Keyence’s contour detection scheme, high precision measuring diameter instrument detection scheme using multiple sets of KD series meter and the 360 degrees rotating survey meter. On the basis of extensive analysis and experimental validation, Aomeijia’s four-way diameter measuring instrument scheme is optimal. The scheme applies laser to non-contact high speed scan on key radial diameter size of filter rod which achieves 0.001mm high precision detection.
A Comparative Study of MAP Materials on the Shelf-Life of Strawberry (cv. Sachinoka)
Authors: Fu Ya Bo , Xu Wen Cai , Li Dong Li , Wang Xing , Yang Da Peng
Published: January 2015

In order to extend the shelf-life of fresh strawberry, several packaging solutions were applied to investigate the modified atmosphere effect on strawberry. In the experiments, commercial PE and P# packaging was used as control, the effects of laboratory-made NK# packaging and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) modified LDPE packaging materials were comparatively studied. Various properties of strawberry samples were measured for 9 days at 10±1°C. The gas concentration in the package atmosphere and the physiological parameters including decay rate, hardness, weight loss, total solid content, as well as the sensory and taste evaluation were measured periodically. The experimental results show that SBR/LDPE and K-type packaging solutions can slow down the strawberry respiration and thus significantly extend the preservation period of fresh fruits.
Analysis of the Application of Fungicide and Ethylene Absorbent for Extended Storage Life of Kyoho Grapes at Room Temperature
Authors: Zhang Zhen Lu , Li Dong Li , Xu Wen Cai , Duan Hui Ye , Fu Ya Bo
Published: January 2015

The Kyoho grape is one of the most important varieties of table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). In this experiment, we used SO2germicidal bags and ethylene absorbent released pads to discover the effect on the quality of grapes during the storage period. The results showed that the combined use of germicidal bags and ethylene absorbent released pad were able to maintain the sensory, physicochemical, and physiological quality of grapes at a higher level compared with the control group.
Analysis and Structure Optimization of the Wind Distribution of Nozzle in the Gravure Printing Drying System
Authors: Zheng Xin , Gao Yan Fei
Published: January 2015

The drying system plays an important role in printing speed and energy consumption of gravure printing machine. Nozzle is a factor which decides heated air distribution in drying system finally. This research makes a model for the structure of nozzle and takes a numerical simulation analysis of heated air field with hydrodynamic theory. The defect of structure is found through the distribution of velocity, temperature and trajectories. A crosswind landing area is added around outlet area of nozzle. In this study, it is evaluated that the distribution of the wind field. It is found that the velocity and pressure of heated air in the vortex area between substrate and nozzle by the cross-wind board can be improved from the simulation results. The study has significance on optimizing the structure of nozzle and improving efficiency of drying system.
Defects Detection of Pharmaceutical Blister Packaging Based on Shape Template Matching
Authors: Li Guang , Cao Chen Chen , Ge Jie , Li Guang Chen
Published: January 2015

In machine vision defects detection of pharmaceutical blister packaging, the traditional defects detection algorithms always do the binary image processing and edge feature extraction and other operations, and then locate the analysis image through these features. These operations are very tedious and inflexible. In this paper, the shape template matching algorithm is applied to pharmaceutical blister packaging defects detection. The algorithm can determine whether there is a positioning region of the sheet or pieces missing through search algorithm to locate the template image and comparing the difference of gray value between the detection region and the template region. This paper packaged the software of pharmaceutical blister packaging machine vision defects detection via the professional image processing library of Halcon and visual programming software Visual C++. Detection case demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of detection algorithm and system.
Modifications of Paper Surfaces with Composite SiOx/Polymer Coatings
Authors: Liu Zhuang , Zhu Lin , Sun Zhi Hui
Published: January 2015

The composite SiOx/polymer films are deposited as a top-coatings onto the paper substrates by radio frequency (RF) reactive magnetron co-sputtered two targets, silica and dicyclopentadiene dioxide cured with maleic anhydride (DCPD/MA).The samples prepared by changing PSiO2/PDCPD/MA, the ratio of RF powers density delivered to the individual target from 0.1 to 10 so as to prepare different SiOxcontent coatings. The wettability, mechanical properties, color reproduction printability, chemical characterization of the coatings are discussed in this paper, using contact angle measurements, electronic tensile testing machine, off-set printing test and FTIR. The static contact angle of water ranges from 129.7 to 90.7 o and tensile performance has improved significantly as the ratio of RF powers density change from 0.1 to 10. The ink density and depth of color during off-set printing are visually improved by using papers with hydrophobic surfaces coated composite films.
Determination of Partition Behavior of Six Photoinitiators between Paperboard Packaging Materials and Air
Authors: Shi Xiao Jun , Zhao Ming Chao , Ding Chao , Wang Fang , Pang Mei Xia , Tan Feng , Xu Yang , Qi Jing Hua
Published: January 2015

This paper focuses on the study of a series of photoinitiators (PIs) present in a set of two paper and board samples which have different composition, grammage and thickness. The chemical compounds released by the paper packaging can contaminate food and may affect the safety and health of consumers.To evaluate if the paper and board could be used as food packaging material, partition coefficients (Kpaper/air) between paper and air of six kinds of PIs in white carton board and kraft paper were determined. The results indicated that Values of Kpaper/air from 1 to 4843 were obtained at different temperatures. Kpaper/air decreases with temperature increasing, and the value is proportional to grammage and thickness of the paper samples. The lower of the grammage and the thickness,the lower of Kpaper/air value will be. The Kpaper/air value of 2-ethylhexyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EHDAB) is the lowest, and the Kpaper/air value of 4-methylbenzophenone (MBP) is the highest.It shows that the Kpaper/air value depends on the boiling point of the chemical compounds, the chemical properties and the type of the paper sample.
Influence of the Coating Layer Characteristics on the Dynamic Permeability and Printing of Ink-Jet Paper
Authors: Zhang Zheng Jian , Xin Ji Hui , Yang Li Ying , Liu Bo Tao
Published: January 2015

In order to investigate the influence of coating layer characteristics on the dynamic permeability and printing of ink-jet paper, coating was prepared by the precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and white latex used as bottom coating (recipe label:A,B),and coating formula was made by silica (SiO2) and polyvinyl alcohol used as surface coating (recipe label:a,b,c).Then paper were coated respectively on single bottom, single surface and multilayer. Then the dynamic permeability and printing of ink-jet paper were analyzed systematically. The results showed that whether single layer or multilayer, the values of Ct, Ci were minimum when the ration of pigment and adhesive was 70:30, because the hole diameter of the coating layer was smallest, and the absorption was strongest, so the dynamic permeability was best, and the ability of ink absorption was best, color density and tone reproducibility were best. It concluded that when the proportion of SiO2 and PVA was 70:30, the dynamic permeability and printing ability of ink-jet paper were relative better.
Study on the Antibacterial Paper Coated by ZnO/MFC for Food Packaging
Authors: Pang Xin , Chen Yun Zhi , Zhang Zheng Jian
Published: January 2015

As a kind of environmentally friendly material, microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) has the following advantages: renewable raw materials, easy recycling, biodegradable, safety and so on. It can be combined with antibacterial agents to prepare the antibacterial packing materials for food. In this paper, the nano-ZnO was modified by titanate coupling agent TM-38s at first,determines the best dosage of TM-38 is 3% in the modification process,the dosage of the isopropyl alcohol for 40ml,improving its dispersibility. And then added in the MFC suspension to formulate the antibacterial coating for antibacterial coated paper preparation. The changes of antibacterial properties of the paper before and after coating were investigated in this study. The results showed that the paper had a significant antibacterial activity to e. coli and staphylococcus aureus (the antibacterial circle was bigger than 15 mm).When the nano-ZnO dosage was 2.5wt%, the antibacterial properties of the coated paper could reach the best situation. Application of the antibacterial caoated paper to the food packaging could restrain and kill the microorganisms on the food surface effectively, prolong the shelf life of food, and improve the food safety.
Ink Penetration Model Research Based on Ink Permeability
Authors: Zhang Xiao Dan , Qian Jun Hao , Jia Jun Wei
Published: January 2015

This article analyzes the mechanism of interaction between the ink and paper. The Washburn equation just based on static penetration, while in contact with the ink and paper, freedom infiltration process is a dynamic process. So it is further derived based on a model of the dynamic ink permeability of dynamic contact angle, and mathematical analyzes some of the important parameters of the dynamic model so that can strive a more accurate description of the state of penetration of ink into the paper, thereby theoretically predict the quality control of printed matter.
A LCD Color Calibration Model Based on Gamut-Division Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Yin , Lin Mao Hai
Published: January 2015

The accuracy of color appearance of displayed image on a liquid crystal display (LCD) is the fundamental to guarantee good results in the soft proofing and cross-media color reproduction. Since the color rendering mechanism of LCDs is different from cathode-ray tube (CRT) displays, the traditional color calibration method cannot turn a very good result. In this paper, a LCD color calibration model based on gamut-division algorithm is proposed using spline method through the analysis of its color rendering mechanism. The monitor 3D gamut is firstly divided along the axis of L* in CIELAB color space according to the hue angle, and then an optimal color calibration matrix of the sub-gamut is computed with mathematical method. The experimental results show that the average color difference, the maximum color difference and hue shift are reduced compared with the traditional method.
Synthesis of Novel Hyperbranched Polyurethane Acrylate Based on Pentaerythritol
Authors: Wang Yu Xiu , Chen Guang Xue
Published: January 2015

To study the structure and properties of hyperbranched polyesters as well as the modified ones. Three generations of hyperbranched polyesters named HBPE-1, HBPE-2 and HBPE-3 were synthesized by the reactions from pentaerythritol and 2,2-dihydroxy-methyl-propionic acid by single-step polycondensation. They were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and the results indicated they possessed a high degree of branching. Then homemade urethane acrylate prepolymer reacted with three generations of hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyesters introducing C=C contents, the product was characterized by FT-IR, DSC, TGA techniques. The results of TGA showed well thermal stability of all the products. TGA curves of the modified HBPES showed two stages, 280-350°C means pyrolysis of main chain ester section and 400-450°C means pyrolysis of urethane acrylate section. The results of DSC indicated that glass transition temperature increased with the number of the hyperbranched polyester units’ increment. What’s more, glass transition temperature of HBPE-3 was 48.13°C. HPUA-3 was semi-crystalline material, its glass transition temperature was-12.59°C, cold crystallization temperature Tc 110.92°C, melting temperature Tm 134.74°C. Since the introduction of a large number of unsaturated units to the end, the resin can be introduced into the UV-curable systems for paints, inks, adhesives and some other fields.
Preparation and Characterization of Fluorinated Acrylate Copolymer Emulsion
Authors: Lu Chun Yan , Cao Guo Rong
Published: January 2015

A fluorinated acrylate copolymer emulsion with core-shell structure was synthesized by semi-continuous emulsion polymerization using methyl methacrylate (MMA ), butyl acrylate (BA) as the raw material, hexafluorobutyl methacrylate as fluorinated acrylate monomer, ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether (OP-10) as emulsifier and taking water as dispersion medium. The as-prepared latexes are characterized by Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The hydro-oleophobic of copolymer is determined by contact angle meter. The typical core-shell structure is proved by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that the copolymer emulsion has good hydro-oleophobic when the content of hexafluorobutyl methacrylate is 15%, used the delay loading method, the water contact angle of the coating surface is 104 °, the hexadecane contact angle is 75 °. Key words: fluorinated acrylate; copolymer; emulsion; hydro-oleophobic; contact angle
Study on Aluminium Coating Process of Holographic Anti-Counterfeiting Cigarette Packet
Authors: Jia Jun Wei , Qian Jun Hao , Zhang Xiao Dan
Published: January 2015

The paper is an applied research on the application of laser holographic anti-counterfeiting technology in the production of cigarette. Parameters in the aluminium coating process are adjusted to search the optimal production option. Data from different proofing machines are collected to find out the relationship between the thickness of the aluminum layer with its square resistance; then a curve can be drawn and the optimum conditions for the aluminum coating process is determined. Experiments showed that control of the square resistance can effectively solve the color difference in the proofing process. The study lays a foundation for stable production of cigarette packet, and provides a reference for other scholars engaged in related research.