bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by normal human melanocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide.
Authors: Tam Irena , Stępień Krystyna
Published: March 2019

A large body of evidence suggests that epidermal melanocytes are an integral part of the skin immune system and can be considered immunocompetent cells. Recently, it has been reported that human melanocytes constitutively express Toll-like receptors and may be involved in the induction of several inflammatory cytokines. In the study the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α by cultured normal melanocytes was investigated after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. LPS increased the secretion of IL-1β in a dose-dependent manner. IL-1β stimulated release of IL-6 and TNF-α by melanocytes, whereas LPS activated production of TNF-α, but not of IL-6. These observations indicate that LPS can participate in the regulation of cytokine activity in normal human melanocytes and suggest that cytokines released by melanocytes could affect melanocytes themselves or/and other cells of the epidermis.
Cytokeratin-18 and hyaluronic acid levels predict liver fibrosis in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Authors: Lebensztejn Dariusz M , Wierzbicka Aldona , Socha Piotr , Pronicki Maciej , Skiba Elżbieta , Werpachowska Irena , Kaczmarski Maciej
Published: March 2019

There is a need to replace liver biopsy with non-invasive markers that predict the degree of liver fibrosis in fatty liver disease related to obesity. Therefore, we studied four potential serum markers of liver fibrosis and compared them with histopathological findings in liver biopsy in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
We determined fasting serum level of hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin, YKL-40 and cytokeratin-18 M30 in 52 children (age range 4-19, mean 12 years, 80 % of them were overweight or obese) with biopsy-verified NAFLD. Viral hepatitis, autoimmune and metabolic liver diseases (Wilson's disease, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, cystic fibrosis) were excluded. Fibrosis stage was assessed in a blinded fashion by one pathologist according to Kleiner. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to calculate the power of the assays to detect liver fibrosis (AccuROC, Canada).
Liver fibrosis was diagnosed in 19 children (37 %). The levels of HA and CK18M30 were significantly higher in children with fibrosis compared to children without fibrosis (p=0.04 and 0.05 respectively). The ability of serum HA (cut-off 19.1 ng/ml, Se=84 %, Sp=55 %, PPV=52 %, NPV=86 %) and CK18M30 (cut-off 210 u/l, Se=79 %, Sp=60 %, PPV=56 %, NPV=82 %) to differentiate children with fibrosis from those without fibrosis was significant (AUC=0.672 and 0.666, respectively). The combination of both markers was superior (AUC=0.73, p=0.002). Laminin and YKL-40 levels did not allow a useful prediction.
Cytokeratin-18 and hyaluronic acid are suitable serum markers predicting liver fibrosis in children with NAFLD. Studying these markers may identify patients at risk of disease progression.
Regulation of wound-responsive calcium-dependent protein kinase from maize (ZmCPK11) by phosphatidic acid.
Authors: Klimecka Maria , Szczegielniak Jadwiga , Godecka Luiza , Lewandowska-Gnatowska Elżbieta , Dobrowolska Grażyna , Muszyńska Grażyna
Published: March 2019

In plant cells, phospholipids are not only membrane components but also act as second messengers interacting with various proteins and regulating diverse cellular processes, including stress signal transduction. Here, we report studies on the effects of various phospholipids on the activity and expression of maize wound-responsive calcium-dependent protein kinase (ZmCPK11). Our results revealed that in leaves treated with n-butanol, a potent inhibitor of phosphatidic acid (PA) synthesis catalyzed by phospholipase D, a significant decrease of ZmCPK11 activity was observed, indicating contribution of PA in the kinase activation. Using lipid binding assays, we demonstrate that among various phospholipids only saturated acyl species (16:0 and 18:0) of phosphatidic acid are able to bind to ZmCPK11. Saturated acyl species of PA are also able to stimulate phosphorylation of exogenous substrates by ZmCPK11 and autophosphorylation of the kinase. The level of ZmCPK11 autophosphorylation is correlated with its enzymatic activity. RT-PCR analysis showed that transcript level of ZmCPK11 in maize leaves increased in response to PA treatment. The influence of PA on the activity and transcript level of ZmCPK11 suggests an involvement of this kinase in a PA-mediated wound signal transduction pathway.
The effects of velvet antler polypeptides on the phenotype and related biological indicators of osteoarthritic rabbit chondrocytes.
Authors: Zhang Zhengyao , Liu Xiaofeng , Duan Lengxin , Li Xia , Zhang Yang , Zhou Qiuli
Published: March 2019

To study the effects of velvet antler polypeptides (VAPs) on osteoarthritic chondrocytes (OCs) in rabbits.
An osteoarthritic rabbit model was established according to Hulth's method. OCs were isolated and cultured for observation of the cell cycle. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay and the cell cycle was monitored by flow cytometry. The phenotype was determined by toluidine blue staining as well as immunohistochemical staining for collagen type II. The expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, TIMP-1, and collagen I and X mRNA by chondrocytes was assayed by RT-PCR.
The VAPs had no obvious proliferative effect on OCs and did not affect the cell cycle. However, they significantly reduced the proportion of early apoptotic cells in a dose-dependent manner. Further, VAPs inhibited the expression of collagen I and X mRNA and induced abnormal expression of MMP-1 and MMP-13 mRNA. VAPs had no significant effect on MMP-3 and TIMP-1 mRNA levels. The toluidine blue and collagen type II immunohistochemical staining intensities of VAP-treated chondrocytes were positively correlated with the concentration of VAPs used.
VAPs had no significant effect on OC proliferation and the cell cycle, but did increase the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II expression levels in the extracellular matrix, and down-regulated collagen I and X mRNA expression. Treatment of cartilage cells with VAPs maintained their normal phenotype, inhibited matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) secretion, kept the balance of cartilage matrix metabolism, and sustained an external environment where the cartilage cells could survive. Moreover, VAPs reduced the proportion of early apoptotic cells, suggesting that they may block the apoptotic pathway in OCs.
Kinetic cooperativity of tyrosinase. A general mechanism.
Authors: Muñoz-Muñoz Jose Luis , Garcia-Molina Francisco , Varon Ramón , Tudela Jose , Garcia-Cánovas Francisco , Rodríguez-López Jose N
Published: March 2019

Tyrosinase shows kinetic cooperativity in its action on o-diphenols, but not when it acts on monophenols, confirming that the slow step is the hydroxylation of monophenols to o-diphenols. This model can be generalised to a wide range of substrates; for example, type S(A) substrates, which give rise to a stable product as the o-quinone evolves by means of a first or pseudo first order reaction (α-methyl dopa, dopa methyl ester, dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, α-methyl-tyrosine, tyrosine methyl ester, tyramine, 4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid), type S(B) substrates, which include those whose o-quinone evolves with no clear stoichiometry (catechol, 4-methylcatechol, phenol and p-cresol) and, lastly, type S(C) substrates, which give rise to stable o-quinones (4-tert-butylcatechol/4-tert-butylphenol).
Fenoterol did not enhance glucocorticoid-induced skeletal changes in male rats.
Authors: Folwarczna Joanna , Nowińska Barbara , Śliwiński Leszek , Pytlik Maria , Cegieła Urszula , Betka Anna
Published: March 2019

Glucocorticoids and β(2)-adrenergic receptor agonists are the most commonly used drugs in the treatment of asthma. Both therapies are potentially dangerous to the skeletal system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of fenoterol, a β(2)-receptor agonist, on the development of bone changes induced by glucocorticoid (prednisolone) administration in mature male rats. The experiments were carried out on 24-week-old male Wistar rats. The effects of prednisolone 21-hemisuccinate sodium salt (7 mg/kg s.c. daily) or/and fenoterol hydrobromide (1.4 mg/kg i.p. daily), administered for 4 weeks, on the skeletal system were studied. Bone turnover markers, geometric parameters, mass, mass of bone mineral in the tibia, femur and L-4 vertebra, bone histomorphometric parameters and mechanical properties of tibial metaphysis, femoral diaphysis and femoral neck were determined. Both prednisolone and fenoterol had damaging effects on the skeletal system of mature male rats. However, concurrent administration of fenoterol and prednisolone did not result in the intensification of the deleterious skeletal effect of either drug administered separately.
Antibiotic therapy and fat digestion and absorption in cystic fibrosis.
Authors: Lisowska Aleksandra , Pogorzelski Andrzej , Oracz Grzegorz , Skorupa Wojciech , Cofta Szczepan , Szydłowski Jarosław , Socha Jerzy , Walkowiak Jarosław
Published: March 2019

Antibiotic therapy in the cystic fibrosis (CF) mouse model has been shown to result in reduced bacterial load of the intestine and significant body mass gain. The effect was suggested to be linked to the improvement of intestinal digestion and absorption. Therefore, we aimed to assess the influence of routinely applied antibiotic therapy in CF patients on fat assimilation. Twenty-four CF patients aged 6 to 30 years entered the study. Inclusion criteria comprised confirmed exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and bronchopulmonary exacerbation demanding antibiotic therapy. Exclusion criteria comprised: antibiotic therapy six weeks prior to the test, liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, oxygen dependency, the use of systemic corticosteroids. In all enrolled CF subjects, (13)C-labelled mixed triglyceride breath test ((13)C MTG-BT) was performed to assess lipid digestion and absorption, before and after antibiotic therapy. Sixteen subjects were treated intravenously with ceftazidime and amikacin, eight patients orally with ciprofloxacin. Cumulative percentage dose recovery (CPDR) was considered to reflect digestion and absorption of lipids. The values are expressed as means (medians). The values of CPDR before and after antibiotic therapy did not differ in the whole studied group [4.6(3.3) % vs. 5.7(5.3) %, p = 0.100] as well as in the subgroup receiving them intravenously [4.6(3.2) % vs. 5.7(5.3) %, p = 0.327] or in that with oral drug administration [4.6(3.4) % vs. 5.7(5.4) %, p = 0.167]. In conclusion, antibiotic therapy applied routinely in the course of pulmonary exacerbation in CF patients does not seem to result in an improvement of fat digestion and absorption.
Inulin supplementation in rat model of pouchitis.
Authors: Drzymała-Czyż Sławomira , Banasiewicz Tomasz , Tubacka Małgorzata , Majewski Przemysław , Biczysko Maciej , Kościński Tomasz , Drews Michał , Walkowiak Jarosław
Published: March 2019

Available data indicates potential effectiveness of prebiotic therapy in alleviating inflammation and prolonging the remission in inflammatory bowel disease. Documented successes of such therapies were the basis for this study. So far, there is no data related to the effectiveness of inulin application in symptomatic or severe pouchitis in humans or in animal model. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of inulin supplementation on the expression of intestinal inflammation and feeding efficiency in rats with induced pouchitis. Twenty-four Wistar rats were operated. After induction of pouchitis animals were randomly divided into control and supplementation groups receiving, respectively, semi-synthetic diet with or without inulin (in a lower (LD) or higher (HD) dose: 2.5 % or 5 % of total dietary content of mass) for a period of 6 weeks. Selected nutritional parameters were assessed throughout the study. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of pouch mucosa specimens was also performed. The energy intake, weight gain, feeding efficiency, quality of stools were comparable in all studied groups. The intensity of inflammation (Moskovitz scale) and adaptive changes (Laumonier scale) did not differ between compared groups. The tissue expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukins (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12) was not different either. Inulin supplementation does not improve the quality of stools or the expression of intestinal inflammation in rats with induced pouchitis. It has no impact on the intensity of pouch adaptation or on feeding efficiency.
Antioxidant effect of genistein on ovarian tissue morphology, oxidant and antioxidant activity in rats with induced polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Rajaei Samira , Alihemmati Alireza , Abedelahi Ali
Published: March 2019

Background: Oxidative stress is the most frequent cause of female infertility disorders including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Genistein as a major component of soybean isoflavone scavenges free radicals by antioxidant activities.
Objective: The present study examines the antioxidant effects of genistein on ovarian tissue following experimental PCOS in rats.
Materials and Methods: Twenty female Wistar rat were randomly divided into the following groups (n=5 each group): (I) control group (no treatment); (II) induced PCOS (injection of estradiol valerate); (III) genistein-treated non-PCOS (received genistein); and (IV) genistein-treated PCOS groups. The weight of rats were measured and the blood samples collected and centrifuged. The oxidant and antioxidant activity of plasma and ovaries were measured. All rats were sacrificed under anesthesia, and ovaries were collected and weighted. Histological examination and follicular qualitywere assessed by staining.
Results: In histological observation, the induced PCOS rats displayed more number of atretic follicles and the follicular quality in genistein-treated rats was similar to the control groups. The plasma and ovaries malondialdehyde levels significantly increased in PCOS rats (p < 0.001), while the total antioxidant capacity levels, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities significantly decreased (p < 0.001). The plasma and ovary  malondialdehyde levels significantly decreased in PCOS rats that were treated with genistein (p < 0.001) and the total antioxidant capacity (p < 0.05), glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities significantly increased (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Treatment with genistein preserved follicular quality by increasing antioxidant activities and scavenging oxidant levels in PCOS rats.
Key words: Genistein, Antioxidant, Ovary, Polycystic, Follicle, Rats.
Corifollitropin-α compared to daily r-FSH in for patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection: Clinical trial study
Authors: Zahiri Sorouri Ziba , Pourmarzi Davoud , Safar Khah Niloufar
Published: March 2019

Background: The current treatment regimen for ovarian stimulation in Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) patients is daily injections of Gonadotropins. Recombinant DNA technologies have produced a new recombinant molecule that is a long-acting Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), named corifollitropin alfa. A single injection of long-acting FSH can replace seven daily FSH injections during the first week of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) and can make assisted reproduction more patients-friendly. There is limited data with different results in this area.
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of long-acting FSH vs. daily r-FSH in terms of  pregnancy and safety outcomes in women undergoing ICSI cycles.
Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 109 women who were the candidates  for ICSI at azzahra hospital were divided in two groups. The first group received 150 units of daily Gonal-f from second or third day of menstruation. The second group received a 150IU corifollitropin alfa on the second or third day of mensuration, and the treatment continued from day eighth of stimulation with Gonal-f based on the ultrasound finding. Both the groups received GnRH antagonist from fifth day of stimulation. Two groups were compared in terms of number of dominant follicles, number of oocytes, stimulation duration, total number of embryos, number of transferred embryos, and success rate of pregnancy.
Results: No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of stimulation duration, number of follicles, number of oocytes, total number of embryos, and number of transferred embryos. Moreover, pregnancy outcomes including chemical pregnancy rate (positive pregnancy test), clinical pregnancy rate (detection of fetal heart), the rate of ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome, multiple-pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, and miscarriage didn’t have a significant difference between the two groups.
Conclusion: As corifollitropin alfa was as effective as r-FSH, it could be used as an alternative to ovulation stimulation method in patients undergoing ICSI.
Key words: Corifollitropin alfa, Gonal-F, Pregnancies, r-FSH.
The relationship between maternal vitamin D status during third trimester of pregnancy and maternal and neonatal outcomes: A longitudinal study
Authors: Shakeri Mahboobeh , Jafarirad Sima
Published: March 2019

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a common nutritional concern and leads to several problems among some population groups.
Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relationship between maternal vitamin D status and gestational weight gain, maternal biochemical parameters, mode of delivery, and infants’ growth indices at birth.
Materials and Methods: A longitudinal study between March and June 2017 was carried on 82 mothers in Ahvaz. Blood samples of each mother were obtained at the mean of the third trimester to assay lipid indices (total cholesterol, triglycerides, lowdensity lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), fasting blood sugar, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D. Anthropometric assessment of newborns was recorded from neonatal health card at birth.
Results: Mean maternal 25-hydroxy vitamin D level was 22.52 nmol/L; 7.33% of mothers had vitamin D deficiency, 76.6% had vitamin D insufficiency, and 15.9% were normal. The mean neonate birth weight, length, and head circumference of mothers who were  on the third tercile of 25-hydroxy vitamin D serum level was significantly higher than  those in the first tercile (p < 0.001, p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively). Maternal vitamin D serum level had an adverse relationship with fasting blood sugar.
Conclusion: Low levels of serum vitamin D may cause adverse pregnancy outcomesand delivery of infants with insufficient growth at birth.
Key words: Vitamin D, Pregnancy, Infant, Growth, Delivery, Blood glucose.
Perspective of Women in the Northern Netherlands on Support During Labor (of Childbirth) and the First Hours After Childbirth
Authors: Elke Tichelman , Baas Carien I. , Baarveld Frank , Koelewijn Joke M.
Published: March 2019

AIMS

To quantify the preferences and preparations for support during labor and the first hours after childbirth of pregnant women and the specific preference for continuous support. To investigate the association with parity and the intended place of birth.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional survey.

METHODS

Twelve midwifery practices in the northern Netherlands recruited pregnant women.

Measurements of the structured questionnaire were preparation for childbirth and preference for support (timing, including continuous support, provider, and type of support)

RESULTS

Two hundred and five of the 247 eligible women participated. Nulliparae, significantly more often than multiparae, aimed to prepare themselves by attending prenatal classes (63% vs. 21%) and by creating a birth plan (59% vs. 40%). Women preferred to receive various types of support during childbirth from their partner (100%), midwife (95%), Maternity Care Assistant (29%), and nurse (15%). The women preferred the midwife to be present from the moment the midwife (48%) or the woman herself (22%) indicated a need for the midwife. Among the participants, 10% of the women preferred continuous support from 4 cm dilation.

CONCLUSION

We consider the best approach to continuous support to be that it should be available on request rather than either not being available or being the standard care.
Calidad del sistema de información en salud: análisis comparativo de indicadores reportados, México OCDE 2010-2016
Authors: Saturno-Hernández Pedro Jesús , Martínez-Nicolás Ismael , Flores Hernández Sergio , Poblano-Verástegui Ofelia
Published: March 2019

Objetivo. Analizar cantidad y calidad de la información sobre indicadores de salud reportada por México a la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE). Material y métodos. Análisis de frecuencia de indicadores reportados, calidad de los datos y comparación de valores reportados en el entorno OCDE. Resultados. Se analizan 191 indicadores. México reportó anualmente (2010-2016) 52.9% de ellos. Nunca reportó 45.5%. La mayor frecuencia de no reportados (84%) es en el grupo “Calidad de la atención”. En los reportados, la información es de calidad deficiente en 28.7%. Comparativamente, México ostenta los peores resultados de OCDE en indicadores sobre tamizaje de cáncer, mortalidad infantil e intrahospitalaria por infarto de miocardio y hospitali­zación por diabetes, entre otros. Conclusiones. México tiene problemas de carencia y calidad de la información reportada y valores frecuentemente desfavorables en el entorno OCDE. Se requiere mejorar el sistema de información incidiendo tanto en cantidad como en calidad de los datos, y su utilización efectiva.
Development of load duration curve system in data-scarce watersheds based on a distributed hydrological model
Authors: Wang Jia , Zhang Xin-hua , Xu Chong-Yu , Wang Hao , Lei Xiao-hui , Wang Xu , Li Si-yu
Published: March 2019

Many developing countries and regions are currently facing serious water environmental problems, especially the lack of monitoring systems for medium- to small-sized watersheds. The load duration curve (LDC) is an effective method to identify polluted waterbodies and clarify the point sources or non-point sources of pollutants. However, it is a large challenge to establish the LDC in small river basins due to the lack of available observed runoff data. In addition, the LDC cannot yet spatially trace the specific sources of the pollutants. To overcome the limitations of LDC, this study develops a LDC based on a distributed hydrological model of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). First, the SWAT model is used to generate the runoff data. Then, for the control and management of over-loaded polluted water, the spatial distribution and transportation of original sources of point and non-point pollutants are ascertained with the aid of the SWAT model. The development procedures of LDC proposed in this study are applied to the Jian-jiang River basin, a tributary of the Yangtze River, in Duyun city of Guizhou province. The results indicate the effectiveness of the method, which is applicable for water environmental management in data-scarce river basins.
Nutrient recovery and microbial diversity in human urine fed microbial fuel cell
Authors: Sharma Priya , Mutnuri Srikanth
Published: March 2019

Presence of urine in municipal wastewater is a major problem faced by wastewater treatment plants. The adverse effects are noticeable as crystallization in equipment and pipelines due to high concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus. Therefore, improved technologies are required that can treat urine separately at the source of their origin and then discharge it in the main wastewater stream. In this study, the performance of the microbial fuel cell (MFC) was evaluated with mixed consortia and isolated pure cultures (Firmicutes and Proteobacter species) from biofilm for electricity generation and nutrient recovery. Microbes utilize less than 10% of total phosphorus for their growth, while 90% is recovered as struvite. The amount of struvite recovered was similar for pure and mixed culture (12 ± 5 g/L). The microbial characterization also shows that not all the biofilm-forming bacterial isolates are very much efficient in power generation and, hence, they can be further exploited to study their individual role in operating MFC. The different organic loading rates experiment shows that the performance of MFC in terms of power generation is the same for undiluted and five times diluted urine while the recovery of nutrients is better with undiluted urine, implying its direct use of urine in operating fuel cell.
Role of Autophagy in Chronic Liver Inflammation and Fibrosis
Authors: Tseng Yu-Jen , Dong Ling , Liu Yu-Feng , Xu Nuo , Ma Wei , Weng Shu-Qiang , Janssen Harry L.A. , Wu Sheng-Di
Published: March 2019

Autophagy entails the removal of dysfunctional components to maintain cellular homeostasis.
Over the years, studies of autophagy demonstrated its complex physiological and pathological roles
in the liver. Apart from regulation of normal metabolic functions such as glycogenolysis, glycogenesis,
and β-oxidation, autophagy also contributes to the modulation of various liver diseases. In this review,
we provide a concise overview of the role of autophagy in regulating hepatic metabolism in healthy
conditions and various chronic liver diseases. A well-rounded understanding of the role of autophagy
may provide insight for future medical advancements in the field of hepatology.
Pregabalin Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Pancreatic Inflammation in Aged Rats
Authors: Ozmen Ozlem , Topsakal Senay
Published: March 2019

Objective:

The aim of this study was to examine pancreatic pathology and the prophylactic
effects of pregabalin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced sepsis model in aged rats.

Methods:

Twenty-four female, one-year-old, Wistar Albino rats were assigned to three groups; Group I
(control), Group II (study group: 5mg/kg LPS intraperitoneal, single dose) and Group III(treatment
group: 5mg/kg LPS+30 mg/kg oral pregabalin one hour before LPS). Animals were sacrificed by exsanguination
6 hours after LPS administration. Blood and pancreatic tissue samples were collected for
biochemical, pathological, and immunohistochemical analyses.

Results:

LPS caused increases in serum amylase and lipase level but led to a reduction in glucose levels.
Following histopathological analysis, numerous neutrophil leucocyte infiltrations were observed in vessels
and pancreatic tissues. Increased caspase-3 expression was observed in both the endocrine and exocrine
pancreas in the LPS group. Similarly, IL-6, caspase-3 (Cas-3), inducible nitric oxide synthase
(iNOS), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and serum amyloid-A (SAA) expressions were
increased by LPS. Pregabalin improved biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings.

Conclusion:

This study showed that LPS causes pathological findings in the pancreas, but pregabalin
has ameliorative effects in aged rats with sepsis. Cas-3, IL-6, iNOS, G-CSF, and SAA all play pivotal
roles in the pathogenesis of LPS-induced pancreatic damage.
Pain and Muscles Properties Modifications After Botulinum Toxin Type A (BTX-A) and Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave (rESWT) Combined Treatment
Authors: Marisa Megna , Riccardo Marvulli , Giacomo Farì , Giulia Gallo , Franca Dicuonzo , Pietro Fiore , Giancarlo Ianieri
Published: March 2019

Background and Objective:

Spasticity (most common disability in upper motor neuron syndrome or UMNS) caused an inability of patients’ to perform daily activities and a decrease inquality of life. One of the promising methods nowadays, but still not widely used in everyday practice, for spasticity reduction is extracorporeal shock wave. The aim of this study was to evaluate the objective clinical effects of combined treatment botulinum toxin type A and radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in spasticity post stroke.

Methods:

We considered 30 subjects (14 female and 16 male) with post stroke spasticity of Biceps Brachii, Superficial Flexor Digitorum, Gastrocnemius Medialis and Lateralis and we divided patients into two groups (group A received botulinum toxin injection and physiotherapy while group B received botulinum toxin injection, rESWT and physiotherapy). Assessments were performed before treatment (t0), after 1 (t1), 2 (t2) e 3 (t3) months using Modified Ahworth Scale, Visual Analogical Scale for pain and MyotonPro® device (to assessed myometric evaluation of muscles tone and stiffness).

Results:

Visual Analogical Scale, Modified Ahworth Scale, muscles tone and stiffness statistically decreased until t3 in the group A and in the group B, but the differences between the two groups were significant at the t1 only.

Conclusion:

Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy could be an effective physical treatment aimed at the reduction of upper and lower limbs spasticity and could lead to the improvement of trophic conditions of the spastic muscles in post-stroke.
The Efficient and Tentative Model for Extenics Replications of the Moveable Robots
Authors: Sakyi Koram Samuel , Lu Jian-Fei
Published: March 2019

Background:

On the most elementary level, you and I (human beings) were created with five main mechanisms (or parts):

• A body which is termed as the main structure of the human being.

• A sensory system that takes certain information around the body and the immediate environment.

• A muscle system to aid the body move easily.

• A control base to trigger the muscles and sensors.

• A brain system that develops sensory data and tells the muscles what to do in other words the way forward.

Obviously, we likewise have some imperceptible qualities, for example, intellect and ethics, among others but on an absolute corporeal level. Robots, on the other hand, can be created with five main mechanisms or more.

Objectives:

This research aims at implementing robots in some tedious jobs that as supposed to be executed by human beings in various factories and industries. This study also presents the practical and tentative model for Extenics replications of the moveable mechanical device (robot) useful on VIPRO stage.

Methods:

Momentary antiquity and indication of the pertinent hypothetical ideas are provided. The intelligent boundary for drawn-out switch uses a novel element for synthetic intelligence which is drawn-out control (Extenics) to expand DHFPC switch rapid enactment of mobile robots.

Result:

Applying Extenics specific methods and application in vague interplanetary result in a novel, advanced application for the VIPRO stage which can be used to feign and device innovative switch approaches of moveable robots.
State of the Art and Recent Developments of Radiopharmaceuticals for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Imaging
Authors: Carollo Angela , Papi Stefano , Grana Chiara M. , Mansi Luigi , Chinol Marco
Published: March 2019

Background:

Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs) are relatively rare tumors, mainly originating from the digestive system, that tend to grow slowly and are often diagnosed when metastasised. Surgery is the sole curative option but is feasible only in a minority of patients. Among them, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pancreatic NETs or pNETs) account for less than 5% of all pancreatic tumors. Viable therapeutic options include medical treatments such as biotherapies and more recently Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapies (PRRT) with radiolabeled somatostatin analogues. Molecular imaging, with main reference to PET/CT, has a major role in patients with pNETs.

Objective:

The overexpression of specific membrane receptors, as well as the ability of cells to take up amine precursors in NET, have been exploited for the development of specific targeting imaging agents.

Methods:

SPECT/CT and PET/CT with specific isotopes such as [68Ga]-1,4,7,10-tetra-azacyclododecane- N,N’,N’’,N’’’-tetra-acetic acid (DOTA)-somatostatin analogs, [18F]-FDG and [18F]-fluorodopa have been clinically explored.

Results:

To overcome the limitations of SSTR imaging, interesting improvements are connected with the availability of new radiotracers, activating with different mechanisms compared to somatostatin analogues, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1 R) agonists or antagonists.

Conclusion:

This paper shows an overview of the RPs used so far in the imaging of pNETs with insight on potential new radiopharmaceuticals currently under clinical evaluation.
Obesidad en adolescentes y criterios para el desarrollo de síndrome metabólico
Authors: Ávila-Alpirez H. , Gutiérrez-Sánchez G. , Guerra-Ordoñez J. , Ruíz-Cerino J. , Martínez-Aguilar M.
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar los criterios para síndrome metabólico (SM) de mayor influencia en adolescentes con obesidad.

Método: El estudio fue de tipo descriptivo y transversal, la muestra la conformaron 122 adolescentes de nivel preparatoria, seleccionados por un muestreo aleatorio simple. Se realizó somatometría (peso, talla y circunferencia de cintura), así como medición de la presión arterial y toma de muestra sanguínea.

Resultados: Predominó la obesidad grado I (68%), el principal criterio para el diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico fue la obesidad abdominal en el 98.4% de los participantes; el 25.4% de estos presentaron tres o más criterios alterados por lo que se consideran con SM, además se encontró asociación entre los niveles de glicemia con la obesidad (p< 0.01).

Conclusiones: Los hallazgos de esta investigación mostraron elevada prevalencia de SM en los participantes. La obesidad abdominal es un claro signo de problemas relacionados con el peso y se presenta muy frecuentemente en la población joven con obesidad. La adolescencia es una etapa temprana para educar a las personas y fomentar una vida más sana que permita mantenerlos lejos del desarrollo de enfermedades crónico degenerativas.
Validación del instrumento: Competencias del personal de enfermería en Salud Pública, en el contexto mexicano
Authors: Castañeda-Hidalgo H. , Vega-Infante E. , González F. , Rangel S. , Flores F. , Peñarrieta-de Cordova I.
Published: March 2019

Introducción: Cuando se utilicen cuestionarios desarrollados en otros países e idiomas en estudios científicos, además de traducirlos, es necesario su adaptación cultural y validación, el objetivo de esta investigación es contar con un instrumento válido y confiable para evaluar las competencias del personal de enfermería en salud pública, para aplicarlo en el contexto mexicano.

Metodología: El estudio fue de tipo descriptivo-transversal, multietápico, la población se integró en 3 grupos para las 3 diferentes etapas, en la primera, por un grupo de 10 expertos en investigación de la Facultad de Enfermería de Tampico, de la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, México y 17 profesionales que laboran en el primer nivel de atención; en la segunda, 30 profesionales de enfermería y en la tercera 177 profesionales que trabajan en el campo de la salud pública, todos ellos de tres jurisdicciones del Sur de Tamaulipas, México, el muestreo fue por conveniencia.

Resultados: En cuanto a los tres procesos que se realizaron para la validación del instrumento, se mostraron resultados adecuados y satisfactorios para su aplicación, ya que en la prueba de V-Aiken se obtuvo un resultado cercano a 1, en el proceso semántico sólo se realizó modificación a una palabra; a través de la prueba piloto se obtuvo un resultado de 0.97 en el alfa de cronbach.

Conclusiones: El instrumento se considera válido para iniciar con la evaluación de las mencionadas competencias, para contar con un diagnóstico inicial de las áreas de oportunidad para personal de enfermería.
Cuidado especializado a neonato prematuro fundamentado en la teoría general del autocuidado
Authors: Sánchez-Quiroz F. , Álvarez-Gallardo L.
Published: March 2019

Introducción: Los nacimientos prematuros permanecen como un problema perinatal, afectan entre 5 y 12% de los nacimientos, la principal condición clínica asociada a estos es el Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria (SDR), inicia inmediatamente al nacimiento con dificultad respiratoria progresiva que requiere asistencia ventilatoria e ingreso a Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN). Se presenta el abordaje de manera integral a una recién nacida de 32 SDG con SDR, en un hospital de segundo nivel de atención, en este se aplicó el proceso enfermero.

Objetivo: Brindar atención integral e individualizada con cuidados específicos al neonato prematuro, con base en la Teoría General del Autocuidado.

Método: Selección de paciente a conveniencia en UCIN, aplicación de la metodología del proceso enfermero, valoración basada en los requisitos universales de autocuidado. La información obtenida fue a través del expediente clínico, entrevista a la madre y valoración de la recién nacida. Se analizaron los datos, se emitieron diagnósticos enfermeros, se ejecutó plan de cuidados fundamentados por artículos científicos y guías de práctica clínica.

Resultados: Se realizaron 12 diagnósticos de enfermería, 10 reales y 2 de riesgo de acuerdo con los requisitos de autocuidado universal, se identificaron los más alterados: mantenimiento de un aporte suficiente de aire, agua y alimentos, y provisión de cuidados asociados con los procesos de excreción.

Conclusiones: Se lograron intervenciones independientes e interdependientes; sin embargo, el neonato permaneció en UCIN debido a que su atención es compleja y requiere personal capacitado con conocimientos y habilidades fundamentadas para el cuidado. La asistencia al prematuro debe ser inmediata para la detección precoz y manejo de patologías frecuentes.
A Robust Nonparametric Measure of Effect Size Based on an Analog of Cohen's d, Plus Inferences About the Median of the Typical Difference
Authors: Wilcox Rand
Published: March 2019

The paper describes a nonparametric analog of Cohen's d, Q. It is established that a confidence interval for Q can be computed via a method for computing a confidence interval for the median of D = X1 − X2, which in turn is related to making inferences about P(X1 < X2).
On the Conditional and Unconditional Type I Error Rates and Power of Tests in Linear Models with Heteroscedastic Errors
Authors: Rosopa Patrick J. , Brawley Alice M. , Atkinson Theresa P. , Robertson Stephen A.
Published: March 2019

Preliminary tests for homoscedasticity may be unnecessary in general linear models. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, results suggest that when testing for differences between independent slopes, the unconditional use of weighted least squares regression and HC4 regression performed the best across a wide range of conditions.
Adrenoleucodistrofia tipo adrenomieloneuropatia en un hombre de 32 años: reporte de caso
Authors: Gómez Franco Ricardo , Santana Porras Julián David
Published: March 2019

La adrenoleucodistrofia, el trastorno peroxisomal más frecuente, es una condición genética ligada al cromosoma X en la cual se presenta un defecto en la betaoxidación de los ácidos grasos de cadena muy larga dentro del perosixoma, con su consecuente acumulación en diferentes tejidos, lo que lleva a manifestaciones principalmente neurológicas y endocrinológicas. Existe una variabilidad fenotípica de acuerdo con la edad de presentación que incluye la forma adulta llamada adrenomieloneuropatía. A continuación se presenta el caso de un hombre adulto, con múltiples consultas a los servicios de urgencias en relación con síntomas medulares dorsales, con evidencia de insuficiencia suprarrenal y paraclínicos que soportan el diagnóstico de adrenomieloneuropatía.
Síndrome neuroléptico maligno con mielinolisis central pontina
Authors: Ramírez Sergio Francisco , Bello-Davila Leonardo , Hernández José Fernando , Marín-Muñoz Jorge , Castillo Gabriel , Vargas Juan Diego , Roa Luis , Moreno Julio
Published: March 2019

El síndrome neuroléptico maligno (SNM) es una complicación severa de los antipsicóticos, en especial los de primera generación como el haloperidol, que fue el primero en el que se describió esta patología, caracterizada por fiebre, rigidez, alteración del estado de conciencia y disautonomías. Por otro lado, la mielinólisis central pontina (ahora llamada síndrome de desmielinización osmótica) resulta de las alteraciones agudas séricas del sodio, como las que ocurren en las reposiciones de hiponatremia, y podría poner en riesgo la vida al igual que el SNM. La asociación de estas dos patologías es inusual y hasta el momento no se conoce con claridad su relación causal, producto de los pocos casos reportados. Aunque se conoce la mortalidad del síndrome neuroléptico maligno, la compañía de la mielinolisis central pontina podría aumentar la morbimortalidad de esta entidad, por lo cual es necesario reconocerla rápidamente para prevenir la aparición de complicaciones, ya que no cuenta con un tratamiento específico. Presentamos el caso de un paciente joven que cursó con estas dos patologías, y consideramos que la causa de la mielinolisis central pontina fue el haloperidol, así como del SNM. A pesar de ello, este medicamento continúa siendo muy seguro en la práctica clínica ya que la aparición de estas complicaciones es una reacción idiosincrática por algún tipo de susceptibilidad genética desconocida.
Should Off-Label Medicines Be Included In The Universal Health Coverage (UHC) Schemes? Why, When, and How?
Authors: Mulyani Ully Adhie
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Off label medicine refers to any medicine that is used to treat any ailment beyond of its approved / licensed indication by National Regulatory Authorities, such us FDA in USA and BPOM in Indonesia. Off-label medicines are used because the available and approved drugs do not have the desired effect, then doctors try medicine that have not been licensed indications. Some other reasons in practice off-label medicines use and prescribing are that drugs in the same category have the same effect (although have not been approved by indication), the expansion to a lighter form than the licensed indication, or extension of use for certain related conditions. At the opposite, the disadvantage of the practice off-label medicine use is generally not included in any health insurance benefit package, also not covered by mandatory insurance scheme (JKN-BPJS). Patients should pay for the price of a drug that has not been assured or proven of its efficacy and safety. It needs strong evidence based on scientific research to ensure the safety and effectiveness of off-label medicines to be included in the list of medications (national formulary) to put it on National Health Insurance (BPJS) benefit package.

Abstrak

Obat off-label adalah obat yang digunakan di luar indikasi yang disetujui oleh lembaga yang berwenang, kalau di Amerika Food and Drug Administration (FDA), sedangkan di Indonesia Badan POM. Obat off label digunakan karena obat yang tersedia dan approved tidak memberikan efek yang diinginkan, sehingga dokter mencoba obat yang belum disetujui indikasinya. Beberapa alasan lain adalah adanya dugaan bahwa obat dari golongan yang sama memiliki efek yang sama (walaupun belum disetujui indikasinya), adanya perluasan ke bentuk yang lebih ringan dari indikasi yang disetujui, atau perluasan pemakaian untuk kondisi tertentu yang masih terkait. Kerugiannya adalah obat off-label umumnya tidak dicover oleh BPJS sehingga pasien harus membayar sendiri harga obat yang belum terjamin efikasi dan keamanannya. Perlu dukungan penelitian yang kuat terhadap keamanan dan efektivitas obat off label agar dapat dimasukkan dalam daftar obat (formularium nasional) yang ditanggung BPJS.
Metode Systematic Literature Review untuk Identifikasi Platform dan Metode Pengembangan Sistem Informasi di Indonesia
Authors: Triandini Evi , Jayanatha Sadu , Indrawan Arie , Werla Putra Ganda , Iswara Bayu
Published: March 2019

Sistem informasi adalah cara-cara yang diorganisasi untuk mengumpulkan, memasukkan, mengolah, dan menyimpan data, serta untuk menyimpan, mengelola, mengendalikan, dan melaporkan informasi sedemikian rupa sehingga sebuah organisasi dapat mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan. Pengembangan sistem informasi memiliki metode-metode yang beragam. Metode yang dapat digunakan untuk pengembangan sistem antara lain metode terstruktur dan berorientasi objek. Berdasarkan metode tersebut, suatu sistem akan dikembangkan untuk dapat dijalankan pada platform berbasis web, mobile, atau desktop. Saat ini belum diketahui berapa banyak sistem informasi yang dikembangkan oleh kedua metode tersebut, demikian juga belum diketahui juga berapa banyak aplikasi yang dijalankan oleh ketiga platform tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi platform dan metode pengembangan sistem informasi di Indonesia yang datanya diperoleh dari jurnal yang terkait pada tahun 2013–2018.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Metode SLR digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi, mengkaji, mengevaluasi, dan menafsirkan semua penelitian yang tersedia dengan bidang topik fenomena yang menarik, dengan pertanyaan penelitian tertentu yang relevan. Dengan penggunaan Metode SLR dapat dilakukan review dan identifikasi jurnal secara sistematis, yang pada setiap prosesnya mengikuti langkah-langkah atau protokol yang telah ditetapkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa platform yang dominan digunakan dalam pengembangan sistem informasi adalah berbasis website sedangkan metode dominan digunakan dalam menyelesaikan pengembangan sistem informasi adalah metode terstruktur.
Eksplorasi Teori Gratifikasi untuk Layanan Jejaring Sosial: Studi Kasus Sikap Pengguna terhadap Instagram di Indonesia
Authors: Suryanto Tri Lathif Mardi , Puteri Hidayatul Aini , Pratama Arista
Published: March 2019

Instagram merupakan Social Network Service (SNS) yang populer di kalangan pengguna smartphone. Fakta ini didukung oleh hasil survei dalam laporan yang berjudul “Digital In 2018 In Southeast Asia” yang dihimpun oleh We Are Social, perusahaan media asal Inggris yang bekerja sama dengan Hootsuite. Hasil survei tersebut menyebutkan bahwa Instagram menempati peringkat ketiga aplikasi yang paling banyak diunduh pada tahun 2018. Menyoroti respon pengguna smartphone yang begitu besar terhadap Instagram, maka dalam penelitian ini dilakukan eksplorasi faktor penerimaan sikap pengguna terhadap Instagram di Indonesia dengan menggunakan Teori Uses And Gratification (UGT). Pemenuhan penerimaan Instagram dibagi menjadi Cognitive, Hedonic, Integrative, dan Social Integrative. Dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan tanggapan dari 400 pengguna Instagram di Indonesia. Data yang diperoleh diolah dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan Metode Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dan perangkat lunak WarpPLS 6.0. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh dua temuan. Pertama, sikap pemuasan pengguna terhadap Instagram dipengaruhi oleh Cognitive, Hedonic, dan Social Interactive. Kedua, Sosial Interactive Gratification merupakan faktor yang dapat meningkatkan Cognitive Gratification, Hedonic Gratification, dan Integrative Gratification.
Instruction Level Energy Consumption Estimation of Embedded Processor
Authors: Kulkarni V. A. , Udupi G. R.
Published: March 2019

Embedded systems are portable battery powered devices that have limited power resource. Hence, most of embedded systems need to meet energy constraint. Performance and energy consumption are the most important metrics for embedded system design. Estimation of performance, energy utilization and its validation are essential for embedded system design. Attempt has been made to precisely measure software energy consumption by three methods on ARM Cortex M4 processor. The results are validated with five benchmark programs. Tedious calculation of inter instruction cost has been minimized by taking it as certain percent of total energy. Percentage error between actual and estimated energy is found to be less than 5%.