bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cristo ‘79: Rosi, la questione meridionale e il mondo perduto
Authors: Morreale Emiliano
Published: November 2016

Il saggio prende in esame la trasposizione cinematografica del Cristo si è fermato a Eboli fatta da Francesco Rosi, evidenziandone peraltro i mutamenti che il libro subisce. L’interpretazione si snoda con gli opportuni riferimenti alla realtà storica e socio-antropologica del Mezzogiorno d’Italia, divenendo perciò il film anche l’occasione per un rinnovato dibattito meridionalista. Il Cristo di Rosi viene letto anche alla luce di due importanti antecedenti: Padre padrone dei fratelli Taviani e L’albero degli zoccoli di Ermanno Olmi.
Dal mondo contadino alla società di oggi
Authors: Marselli Gilberto Antonio
Published: November 2016

Il saggio traccia un itinerario storico delle trasformazioni del mondo contadino sino agli esiti odierni. Nel discorso assume rilievo l’analisi socio-antropologica con speciale riferimento all’indagine su Matera del Gruppo di studio coordinato da Friedmann e all’attività nel Mezzogiorno degli antropologi stranieri, da Banfield a Redfield. La prospettiva è quella formatasi all’interno dell’Osservatorio di Economia e politica agraria di Portici, diretto da Manlio Rossi-Doria. L’apporto di Carlo Levi e Rocco Scotellaro è utilizzato non solo per illuminare la polemica sulla civiltà contadina, ma anche per capire la vicenda storico-politica nell’Italia del secondo dopoguerra avendo un particolare riguardo verso la Basilicata.
Gli interventi al Senato di Carlo Levi
Authors: Flores Marcello
Published: November 2016

Il saggio prende in esame gli interventi di Carlo Levi, eletto in Senato come indipendente nelle liste del Partito Comunista Italiano. Questo suo stato spiega il margine di libertà che lo scrittore si ritaglia, pur nel rispetto formale della cornice di riferimento. I discorsi di Levi riguardano in genere temi legati alla cultura, alla politica estera e a fatti interni di politica o di cronaca; in essi è dato riscontrare acutezza di analisi e spesso una forza prefigurativa di ciò che sarebbe poi accaduto. Capita di riscontrare nei discorsi il collegamento con l’attività di Levi scrittore; ad esempio, con L’Orologio; e sembra talvolta affiorare quasi autocritica rispetto al passato azionista. Immutata rimane la capacità di riassumere i valori della democrazia.
Attualità di Scotellaro
Authors: Lagioia Nicola
Published: November 2016

L'articolo esplora il sud Italia come luogo delle più stridenti contraddizioni e la fine, almeno al momento, di alcune speranze emerse; ciò con riverbero sia da un punto di vista sociale che culturale. L'attualità di Scotellaro emerge nel tipo di scrittura contaminata che sperimenta, nella cultura come fonte di progettualità politica, nell'idea di un sud trascendente più che preistorico.
Don Luigino recuperato. Primi documenti inediti e rari su Carlo Levi e la Lucania
Authors: Vitelli Franco
Published: November 2016

L’articolo, attraverso una documentazione inedita e rara, offre elementi per una più meditata lettura del Cristo si è fermato a Eboli; e, più in generale, del rapporto di Levi con la Lucania. Di rilievo le novità riguardanti il protagonista podestà don Luigino Garambone (Magalone) qui studiato per la prima volta nell’intervento che Levi fece a suo favore per sottrarlo all’epurazione e nella sua attività giornalistica; nonché quelle su un personaggio dell’opera apparentemente minore, quale Ortensio Ruggiero (Orlando), e sul fratello Amerigo. Altri punti salienti del discorso sono l’analisi del carteggio Levi-Montano e della campagna elettorale per la Repubblica del 1946 in Basilicata.
New democracies and the risk of civil conflict
Authors: Cook Scott J , Savun Burcu
Published: November 2016

Existing theories of regime transitions suggest that new democracies are more prone to political violence than consolidated democracies. We contend that this risk varies based on the political legacy of the new regime. Specifically, we argue that the prior authoritarian regime influences the risk of conflict in new democracies by shaping the nature of the post-transition political environment. In democracies following military rule, the former autocratic leadership often remains an active political force in the new regime. The continued presence of a materially powerful opposition creates a division in the new regime, increasing the risk of conflict by: (i) complicating efforts to consolidate democratic rule and (ii) signaling potential political opportunity to would-be rebels. In line with our argument, we find that only those new democracies emerging from military rule are more likely to experience civil conflict compared with consolidated democracies. These findings have implications for democracy promotion and conflict prevention efforts, suggesting that democratization is not always associated with an increased short-term risk of conflict as is currently assumed.
Twisting arms and sending messages
Authors: Polo Sara MT , Gleditsch Kristian Skrede
Published: November 2016

We examine the strategic rationale for terrorist tactics in civil war. We identify conditions that favor terrorism as a tactic in armed civil conflicts as well as the specific targets as a function of rebel characteristics, goals, and government responses to political demands. Terrorist tactics can be helpful as an instrument to coerce the government in asymmetric conflicts, as rebels are typically weak relative to the government. But terrorism can also help communicate the goals and resolve of a group when there is widespread uncertainty. We consider the strategic importance and rationale for terrorism in terms of the frequency of attacks and specific targets, and analyze our propositions using new data linking actors from the Uppsala/PRIO Armed Conflict Data and the Global Terrorism Database. Consistent with our expectations, we find that terrorism is used more extensively in civil conflicts by weaker groups and when attacks can help the group convey its goals without undermining popular support. Groups with more inclusive audiences are more likely to focus on ‘hard’ or official targets, while groups with more sectarian audiences are more likely to attack ‘soft’ targets and civilians.
Nogo-A regulates vascular network architecture in the postnatal brain
Authors: Wälchli Thomas , Ulmann-Schuler Alexandra , Hintermüller Christoph , Meyer Eric , Stampanoni Marco , Carmeliet Peter , Emmert Maximilian Y , Bozinov Oliver , Regli Luca , Schwab Martin E , Vogel Johannes , Hoerstrup Simon P
Published: November 2016

Recently, we discovered a new role for the well-known axonal growth inhibitory molecule Nogo-A as a negative regulator of angiogenesis in the developing central nervous system. However, how Nogo-A affected the three-dimensional (3D) central nervous system (CNS) vascular network architecture remained unknown. Here, using vascular corrosion casting, hierarchical, synchrotron radiation μCT-based network imaging and computer-aided network analysis, we found that genetic ablation of Nogo-A significantly increased the three-dimensional vascular volume fraction in the postnatal day 10 (P10) mouse brain. More detailed analysis of the cerebral cortex revealed that this effect was mainly due to an increased number of capillaries and capillary branchpoints. Interestingly, other vascular parameters such as vessel diameter, -length, -tortuosity, and -volume were comparable between both genotypes for non-capillary vessels and capillaries. Taken together, our three-dimensional data showing more vessel segments and branchpoints at unchanged vessel morphology suggest that stimulated angiogenesis upon Nogo-A gene deletion results in the insertion of complete capillary micro-networks and not just single vessels into existing vascular networks. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of how angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, and three-dimensional vessel network architecture are regulated during central nervous system development. Nogo-A may therefore be a potential novel target for angiogenesis-dependent central nervous system pathologies such as brain tumors or stroke.
Recurrent somatic mutations affecting B-cell receptor signaling pathway genes in follicular lymphoma
Authors: Krysiak Kilannin , Gomez Felicia , White Brian S. , Matlock Matthew , Miller Christopher A. , Trani Lee , Fronick Catrina C. , Fulton Robert S. , Kreisel Friederike , Cashen Amanda F. , Carson Kenneth R. , Berrien-Elliott Melissa M. , Bartlett Nancy L. , Griffith Malachi , Griffith Obi L. , Fehniger Todd A.
Published: November 2016

Key Points

FLs harbor more recurrent mutations in the BCR signaling pathway, SWI/SNF complex, and histone genes than previously known. Novel recurrent mutations affecting BTK, SYK, and HVCN1 may have therapeutic and prognostic implications for FL.
Rapamycin regulates autophagy and cell adhesion in induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Sotthibundhu Areechun , McDonagh Katya , von Kriegsheim Alexander , Garcia-Munoz Amaya , Klawiter Agnieszka , Thompson Kerry , Chauhan Kapil Dev , Krawczyk Janusz , McInerney Veronica , Dockery Peter , Devine Michael J. , Kunath Tilo , Barry Frank , O’Brien Timothy , Shen Sanbing
Published: November 2016

Background

Cellular reprogramming is a stressful process, which requires cells to engulf somatic features and produce and maintain stemness machineries. Autophagy is a process to degrade unwanted proteins and is required for the derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, the role of autophagy during iPSC maintenance remains undefined.

Methods

Human iPSCs were investigated by microscopy, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting to detect autophagy machinery. Cells were treated with rapamycin to activate autophagy and with bafilomycin to block autophagy during iPSC maintenance. High concentrations of rapamycin treatment unexpectedly resulted in spontaneous formation of round floating spheres of uniform size, which were analyzed for differentiation into three germ layers. Mass spectrometry was deployed to reveal altered protein expression and pathways associated with rapamycin treatment.

Results

We demonstrate that human iPSCs express high basal levels of autophagy, including key components of APMKα, ULK1/2, BECLIN-1, ATG13, ATG101, ATG12, ATG3, ATG5, and LC3B. Block of autophagy by bafilomycin induces iPSC death and rapamycin attenuates the bafilomycin effect. Rapamycin treatment upregulates autophagy in iPSCs in a dose/time-dependent manner. High concentration of rapamycin reduces NANOG expression and induces spontaneous formation of round and uniformly sized embryoid bodies (EBs) with accelerated differentiation into three germ layers. Mass spectrometry analysis identifies actin cytoskeleton and adherens junctions as the major targets of rapamycin in mediating iPSC detachment and differentiation.

Conclusions

High levels of basal autophagy activity are present during iPSC derivation and maintenance. Rapamycin alters expression of actin cytoskeleton and adherens junctions, induces uniform EB formation, and accelerates differentiation. IPSCs are sensitive to enzyme dissociation and require a lengthy differentiation time. The shape and size of EBs also play a role in the heterogeneity of end cell products. This research therefore highlights the potential of rapamycin in producing uniform EBs and in shortening iPSC differentiation duration.
Vascular Disease Is Associated With the Expression of Genes for Intestinal Cholesterol Transport and Metabolism
Authors: Widdowson William M. , McGowan Anne , Phelan James , Boran Gerard , Reynolds John , Gibney James
Published: November 2016

Context:

Intestinal cholesterol metabolism is important in influencing postprandial lipoprotein concentrations, and might be important in the development of vascular disease.

Objective:

This study evaluated associations between expression of intestinal cholesterol metabolism genes, postprandial lipid metabolism, and endothelial function/early vascular disease in human subjects.

Design/Patients:

One hundred patients undergoing routine oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy were recruited. mRNA levels of Nieman-Pick C1-like 1 protein (NPC1L1), ABC-G5, ABC-G8, ABC-A1, microsomal tissue transport protein (MTTP), and sterol-regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-2 were measured in duodenal biopsies using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Postprandially, serum lipid and glycemic profiles were measured, endothelial function was assessed using fasting, and postprandial flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). Subjects were divided into those above and below the median value of relative expression of each gene, and results were compared between the groups.

Results:

There were no between-group differences in demographic variables or classical cardiovascular risks. For all genes, the postprandial triglyceride incremental area under the curve was greater (P < 0.05) in the group with greater expression. Postprandial apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB48) levels were greater (P < 0.05) in groups with greater expression of NPC1L1, ABC-G8, and SREBP-2. For all genes, postprandial but not fasting FMD was lower (P < 0.01) in the group with greater expression. Triglyceride and ApoB48 levels correlated significantly with postprandial FMD. Carotid artery IMT was greater (P < 0.05) in groups with greater expression of MTTP, ABC-A1, and SREBP-2.

Conclusion:

Intestinal cholesterol metabolism gene expression is significantly associated with postprandial increment in triglycerides, intestinal ApoB48, and reduced postprandial FMD. Some genes were also associated with increased IMT. These findings suggest a role of intestinal cholesterol metabolism in development of early vascular disease.
Imaginary Worlds and Real Ethics: Alterity and Transpositioning in Murakami Haruki's Fractal Realism
Authors: Weinberger Christopher
Published: November 2016

Much recent ethical criticism theorizes novels as becoming ethically effective through readers’ oscillation between immersion in mimetic worlds and subsequent reflection on that experience. Murakami Haruki, however, presents readers with irreducibly fictional realities that refuse totalizing immersion and that require characters to take responsibility for interacting with manifestly imaginary beings. Each of these realities comprises what I identify as multiple world systems, or narratively constructed semiotic domains such as those of cults or coteries, whose borders with other world systems become the sites of dramatic action and ethical transformation. In essence, Murakami presents us not with single verisimilar realities but with what I call fractal realism, recursively constituted fields of representation wherein characters and readers alike must continually adapt their modes of response to accommodate the differing ethoses established by multiple fictional worlds. This essay identifies some of the ways that theorists of the novel must adjust their models to deal with such quirky, metafictional texts. In addition, to flesh out the immanent ethics of reading at work in Murakami's fiction, I suggest that we might draw from theories of reader response figured in scholarship on “surface reading” and also on the idea of “twofoldness” in aesthetic apprehension theorized by Richard Wollheim.
Advances in the understanding and clinical management of mastocytosis and clonal mast cell activation syndromes
Authors: González-de-Olano David , Matito Almudena , Orfao Alberto , Escribano Luis
Published: November 2016

Clonal mast cell activation syndromes and indolent systemic mastocytosis without skin involvement are two emerging entities that sometimes might be clinically difficult to distinguish, and they involve a great challenge for the physician from both a diagnostic and a therapeutic point of view. Furthermore, final diagnosis of both entities requires a bone marrow study; it is recommended that this be done in reference centers. In this article, we address the current consensus and guidelines for the suspicion, diagnosis, classification, treatment, and management of these two entities.
Wheel steel strengthening with fiber lasers
Authors: Мурзаков Максим , Murzakov Maksim , Шмелев Сергей , Shmelyov Sergey , Грезев Николай , Grezev Nikolay , Богданов Александр , Bogdanov Aleksandr , Маркушов Юрий , Markushov Yuriy
Published: November 2016

At present time in Russia under conditions of a stable industrial growth the effectiveness of railway transport work obtains importance. One of the basic expense items of “RR” Co. (“Russian Railways” Company) is connected with the intensive wear problem of contact surfaces in wheel pairs at the interaction with a railway surface. In the railway system of Russia there are used many ways for the solution of this problem such as friction constant decrease – lubrication, wear-resistance increase in wheel pairs at the expense of various methods use for surface strengthening and other methods.

The authors offer for the strengthening problem solution to use fiber lasers the application of which gives a number of incontestable advantages in comparison with common methods of material processing: a controllability of a strengthened layer depth, a possibility of surface local working and others. Today the demand for laser techniques grows actively because, in the opinion of authors, fiber lasers give a considerably higher result in comparison with common methods of processing.
Improvement of automatic surfacing technique under flux at ship propeller shaft repair
Authors: Симутенков Иван , Simutenkov Ivan , Драган Станислав , Dragan Stanislav , Голобородько Жорж , Goloborodko Zhorzh , Лебедев Владимир , Ярос Юрий , Yaros Yuriy
Published: November 2016

During the operation of surfaces in ship propeller shafts they are worn out intensively. To prolong their life there are used at shipyards an automatic surfacing under flux (ASF) which, besides high efficiency is characterized with a considerable share of a basic metal participation in surfacing worsening properties of a deposited layer.

The aim of the paper consists in the technology improvement of ship propeller shafts restoration with the aid of ASF and SBM decrease on the basis of complex mechanization and energization of a technological process.

The process energization consists in the transfer character control of electrode metal through an arc by geometry and properties of driven rollers at the expense high-frequency extra-axial oscillations of an electrode (EOE) created by a special mechanical generator. The developed ASF technology ensures pad quality meeting requirements of the Register.
Technological fundamentals for definition of changes in liquid medium kinematic viscosity by method of phase analysis
Authors: Мельников Дмитрий , Melnikov Dmitriy , Шиганов Игорь , Shiganov Igor , Григорьянц Александр , Grigoryants Aleksandr , Якимова Мария , Yakimova Mariya
Published: November 2016

An active control of a lubricant state is significant for the support of operating efficiency in machinery. At the same time a rapid control allows defining the degree of lubricating oil use directly during its operation. This paper reports the procedure offered for the definition of the dependence of lubricating material viscosity upon temperature. This dependence obtaining in the course of material operation may characterize its application in specified temperature conditions which can deteriorate because of pollution, or wear. The method developed can be realized as a compact rapid device and used at the operation of lubricating materials for the control of a degree of their use from the point of view of viscosity temperature stability.
Machine-tool design using common parts
Authors: Захаров Леонид , Zakharov Leonid , Щербаков Андрей , Shcherbakov Andrey , Хандожко Александр , Khandozhko Aleksandr , Федонин Олег , Fedonin Oleg , Польский Евгений , Polskiy Evgeniy
Published: November 2016

This paper reports the peculiarities of metal-tool design with the wide use of finished common modules with a different degree of integration. Such an approach has found a wide use in practice abroad and develops intensively in domestic mechanical engineering. This current trend poses to engineers and scientists new tasks. A number of aspects of this problem is considered in the paper presented. The change of the modern enterprises structure, from technological potentialities, development of materials science, new technological capabilities and limitations are manifested in different forms. One of them is a trend to the application of nonconventional materials for system carriers. In the paper there are stated merits and demerits, the analysis of the experience in the reinforced concrete and organic concrete application for these purposes.

The problems of changes in design computations content are considered in the paper. In particular, by the example there is shown a necessity to solve problems connected with contact deformations. Other significant trend in computations – a versatile analysis of complex spatial dimensions successions complicating because of the growth of assembly number.
Peculiarities in polymer laser cutting
Authors: Голубенко Юрий , Golubenko Yuriy , Богданов Александр , Bogdanov Aleksandr , Тюльпанова Екатерина , Tyulpanova Ekaterina
Published: November 2016

In this paper the application of laser cutting methods for polymeric materials working is under consideration. The authors analyze the laser beam effect upon polymers reasoning from the peculiarities of their structure and properties. The methods to eliminate defects at polymer laser cutting, the methods to increase the interaction effectiveness of radiation with material, process quality are offered. To determine the dependences of a cut width and a value of flash formed at the beam input and its output of material worked there were carried out experiments at different rates and constant capacity of CO2-laser. According the results of the researches carried out the optimum working modes were established.
Imaging Room and Beyond: The Underlying Economics Behind Physicians’ Test-Ordering Behavior in Outpatient Services
Authors: Dai Tinglong , Akan Mustafa , Tayur Sridhar
Published: November 2016

Motivated by a collaborative study with one of the most comprehensive ocular imaging programs in the United States, we investigate the underlying three-way trade-off among operational, clinical, and financial considerations in physicians’ decisions about ordering imaging tests. Laboratory tests may be processed in parallel and thus have a limited effect on patients’ waiting times; imaging tests, by contrast, require patient presence and thus directly influence patients’ waiting times. We use a strategic queueing framework to model a physician’s decision of ordering imaging tests and show that insurance coverage is the key driver of overtesting. Our further analysis reveals the following: (i) Whereas existing studies hold that lower out-of-pocket expenses lead to higher consumption levels, we refine this statement by showing the copayment and the coinsurance rate drive the consumption in different directions. Thus, simply expanding patient cost sharing is not the solution to overtesting. (ii) Setting a low reimbursement ceiling alone cannot eliminate overtesting. (iii) The joint effect of misdiagnosis concerns and insurance coverage can lead to both overtesting and undertesting even when no reimbursement ceiling exists. These and other results continue to hold under more general conditions and are therefore robust. We enrich our model along two extensions: one with patient heterogeneity in diagnostic precision, and the other with disparities in health insurance coverage. Our findings have implications for other healthcare settings with similar trade-offs.
Pupil Premium in years 7 to 9
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: November 2016

Continuing his focus on key stage 3, Matt Bromley considers how the Pupil Premium can be used to maximise progress during these crucial years, what Ofsted inspectors expect to see in this context, and some self-evaluation questions
Competencias de investigación en estudiantes y estudios Universitarios de Trabajo Social en España
Authors: Navarro Pérez José Javier , Botija Yagüe María de las Mercedes
Published: November 2016

Este documento analiza la adquisición de competencias en investigación en los estudios de Grado de Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Valencia (España). Los cambios del nuevo orden social exigen una actualización continua tanto de los métodos como de las técnicas que guían la acción de los titulados universitarios. Esta investigación compara las competencias de investigación / intervención entre alumnos de cuarto y último curso de Grado en Trabajo Social con profesionales diplomados en Trabajo Social reciclados para realizar el curso de actualización al Grado. La fiabilidad de los resultados obtenidos se corrobora mediante un método test-retest con la realización de un taller práctico que mejoró las competencias de los estudiantes ante el diseño de proyectos de investigación social. Las conclusiones del artículo informan de la importancia de los proyectos de investigación social (PIS) para los profesionales del Trabajo Social y la necesidad de generar diagnósticos altamente fiables para intervenir con eficacia.
The influence of promotional activities on the economic decision making
Authors: Öztopcu Aslı , Karaağaoğlu Nuran
Published: November 2016

Behavioral economics is one of the sub-disciplines discussed through the process of economic thought. It studies the economic decisions of the individuals under the influence of social, emotional and cognitive factors. According to the rational behavior theory in economics, it is discussed that, the individuals may show irrational behaviors in spite of the expectation of rational behaviors. Economics is a human focused social science. The studies held, illustrate that the human behaviors have to be evaluated with the psychological factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of sales efforts of the drug firms on the economic decision making. The data gathered by the questionnaire show that the marketing strategies influence the decision making behavior of individuals.
Present and not reporting for duty: dsRNAi in mammalian cells
Authors: Luna Joseph M , Wu Xianfang , Rice Charles M
Published: November 2016

Double‐stranded RNA interference (dsRNAi) represents a primary means of anti‐viral defense in plants, worms, and insects, yet appears mostly supplanted by the protein‐based interferon (IFN) response in vertebrates such as mammals. The degree to which dsRNAi is anti‐viral in mammals has been contentious. Maillard et al () find that dsRNAi retains sequence‐specific silencing in mammalian cells incapable of triggering an IFN response, suggesting that dsRNAi is inhibited by the action of interferon‐stimulated genes. Importantly, they observe that while dsRNA can “vaccinate” against the incoming cognate virus though dsRNAi silencing, no dsRNAi is observed with viral infection alone, suggesting that this evolutionarily conserved anti‐viral pathway is present but functionally elusive in the cell types studied thus far.
Socioeconomic Gaps in Parents’ Discipline Strategies From 1988 to 2011
Authors: Ryan Rebecca M. , Kalil Ariel , Ziol-Guest Kathleen M. , Padilla Christina
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The prevalence of corporal punishment is high in the United States despite a 1998 American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement urging against its use. The current study tests whether the socioeconomic difference in its use by parents has changed over the past quarter century. It goes on to test whether socioeconomic differences in the use of nonphysical discipline have also changed over time.

METHODS:

Data are drawn from 4 national studies conducted between 1988 and 2011. Each asked how often a kindergarten-aged child was spanked in the past week and what the parents would do if the child misbehaved, with physical discipline, time-out, and talking to child as possible responses. We use regression models to estimate parents’ responses to these questions at the 90th, 50th, and 10th percentiles of the income and education distributions and t tests to compare estimates across cohorts.

RESULTS:

The proportion of mothers at the 50th income-percentile who endorse physical discipline decreased from 46% to 21% over time. Gaps between the 90th and 10th income-percentiles were stable at 11 and 18 percentage points in 1988 and 2011. The percentage of mothers at the 10th income-percentile endorsing time-outs increased from 51% to 71%, and the 90/10 income gap decreased from 23 to 14 percentage points between 1998 and 2011.

CONCLUSIONS:

Decline in popular support for physical discipline reflects real changes in parents’ discipline strategies. These changes have occurred at all socioeconomic levels, producing for some behaviors a significant reduction in socioeconomic differences.
First record of Pogoniopsis Rchb. (Orchidaceae: Triphorinae) in Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil
Authors: Bittencourt Felipe , De Gasper André L.
Published: November 2016

Pogoniopsis is an endemic and myco-heterotrophic orchid genus with only two species in Brazil that can be found growing under dense canopy. Pogoniopsis schenckii is more widely distributed, with records in the states of Bahia, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo. Here we record P. schenckii for the first time in Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil, in a subtropical broadleaved forest, as well the genus Pogoniopsis itself, expanding its southern distribution limit. In addition, a description and a distribution map of the collected specimens are presented.
Peropteryx trinitatis Miller, 1899 (Chiroptera, Emballonuridae): first record in central Brazil and revised distribution map
Authors: Santos Adriano Silva dos , Silva Daiana Cardoso , Faria Karina De Cassia
Published: November 2016

Reports of Peropteryx trinitatis in Brazil are restricted to the northern and northeastern regions. In this study, we extend its known geographic range to include central Brazil, with the first report of P. trinitatis in the Cerrado of the state of Mato Grosso. This is the southernmost known record for this species, 900 km from the closest record.
PENDEDERAN UDANG GALAH (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) DALAM WARING DENGAN KEPADATAN YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Akbar Ahmad Ali , Sukarta Dede
Published: November 2016

Udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan budidaya air tawar yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi. Selama ini pendederan benih udang galah dalam waring dilakukan dengan menggunakan padat tebar 250 ekor/m2. Penggunaan padat tebar yang lebih tinggi perlu diuji cobakan. Percobaan ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis pertumbuhan dan sintasan benih udang galah pada pendederan menggunakan waring dengan padat tebar 300 ekor/m2 dan 600 ekor/m2. Benih udang galah GI Macro II dengan panjang total 10,4 ± 1,05 mm dan bobot 0,01 ± 0,004 g dipelihara selama 30 hari dengan perlakuan padat tebar 300 ekor/m2 dan 600 ekor/m2, masing-masing diulang tiga kali. Unit percobaan berupa waring berukuran 1 m x 2 m dan kedalaman air 1 m. Hasil percobaan ini menunjukkan bahwa benih udang galah yang dipelihara dalam waring selama 30 hari dengan padat tebar 300 ekor/m2 mencapai ukuran panjang total 24,91 ± 4,11 mm dan bobot 0,13 ± 0,05 g; dengan sintasan sebesar 87,83%; sedangkan pada padat tebar 600 ekor/m2 mencapai ukuran lebih kecil, yaitu panjang total 23,13 ± 3,17 mm dan bobot 0,1 ± 0,04 g; dengan sintasan sebesar 83,08%. Perlakuan padat tebar 300 ekor/m2 menunjukkan persentase populasi yang telah mencapai tokolan I sebanyak 93,8%; sedangkan pada perlakuan padat tebar 600 ekor/m2 sebanyak 98,5%. Perlakuan padat tebar 300 ekor/m2 pada pendederan udang galah menghasilkan benih dengan pertumbuhan (panjang total dan bobot), serta sintasan yang lebih tinggi daripada padat tebar 600 ekor/m2. Padat tebar 600 ekor/m2 masih dapat direkomendasikan, karena masih menghasilkan performa pertumbuhan (panjang total dan bobot) serta sintasan yang relatif tinggi
PENGARUH PAKAN BUATAN BERBASIS BUNGKIL INTI SAWIT TERHADAP BOBOT MUTLAK DAN TOTAL AMONIA NITROGEN (TAN) BENIH IKAN MAS
Authors: Nugraha Aditiya , Mikdarullah Mikdarullah
Published: November 2016

Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pakan buatan berbasis bungkil inti sawit terhadap bobot mutlak dan total amonia nitrogen dari benih ikan mas. Bahan yang digunakan adalah benih ikan mas dengan bobot 5,77 ± 0,45 g; bahan pakan berupa bungkil inti sawit, tepung bungkil kedelai, tapioka, minyak sawit, vitamin mineral mix, enzim mananase, dan selulase. Alat yang digunakan dalam percobaan berupa 15 akuarium berukuran 50 cm x 30 cm x 40 cm dengan sistem resirkulasi, water heater, timbangan digital, waskom, pencetak pakan. Dilakukan pembuatan pakan uji berdasarkan formulasi pakan. Kemudian dilakukan pemeliharaan ikan selama tiga bulan. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa ikan yang diberi pakan buatan dengan berbasis bungkil inti sawit tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata pada pertumbuhan mutlak dan total amonia nitrogen dari tiap perlakuan
PERFORMA REPRODUKSI IKAN NILA NIRWANA (Oreochromis niloticus) PADA MEDIA BERSALINITAS 5 PPT
Authors: Fansuri Nur , Iskandar Oman
Published: November 2016

Balai Penelitian Pemuliaan Ikan (BPPI) Sukamandi telah berhasil membentuk strain ikan nila Srikandi untuk dibudidayakan pada perairan payau dari hasil perkawinan antara induk betina ikan nila Nirwana (Oreochromis niloticus) dengan induk jantan nila biru (O. aureus). Pengembangan budidaya ikan nila Srikandi pada perairan payau perlu didukung oleh aspek perbenihan. Dalam perbenihan, informasi performa reproduksi induk merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam pengembangan budidaya. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui performa reproduksi ikan nila Nirwana (O. niloticus) sebagai induk tetua ikan nila Srikandi yang dipelihara pada salinitas 5 ppt. Ikan nila Nirwana betina berukuran 150-200 g dipelihara selama 40 hari dalam bak fiberglass yang berisi 250 liter air tawar dan air bersalinitas 5 ppt. Masing-masing sebanyak tiga ulangan. Parameter aspek reproduksi yang diamati pada akhir pemeliharaan meliputi tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG), indeks kematangan gonad (IKG), fekunditas, dan diameter telur. Hasil percobaan ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kematangan gonad ikan nila Nirwana betina yang dipelihara dalam air bersalinitas 5 ppt tidak berbeda dari yang dipelihara dalam air tawar, yaitu sama-sama terdiri atas TKG III (tingkat pematangan) dan TKG IV (tingkat matang), dengan indeks kematangan gonad yang juga tidak berbeda (2,66 ± 1,33% dibandingkan 2,76 ± 1,14%); sedangkan diameter telur ikan nila Nirwana yang dipelihara dalam air salinitas 5 ppt relatif lebih kecil (2,05 ± 0,50 mm dibandingkan 2,13 ± 0,09 mm), dengan fekunditas relatif yang lebih tinggi (8 ± 3 butir/g bobot ikan dibandingkan 5 ± 2 butir/g bobot ikan)
PERFORMA PEMELIHARAAN LARVA IKAN GURAMI (Oshpronemous gouramy) DENGAN SISTEM RESIRKULASI
Authors: Nurdiansyah Nurdiansyah , Sugiyo Sugiyo
Published: November 2016

Ikan gurami (Osphronemus gouramy) merupakan salah satu spesies ikan air tawar asli Indonesia yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi. Salah satu kendala dalam budidaya ikan gurami adalah tingginya kematian benih akibat kualitas air media pemeliharaan yang buruk. Kualitas air media pemeliharaan yang buruk dapat diatasi melalui penggunaan sistem resirkulasi. Tujuan percobaan ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas sistem resirkulasi air media pemeliharaan dalam meningkatkan sintasan larva ikan gurami dari telur yang ditetaskan. Telur hasil pemijahan alami induk-induk ikan gurami ditetaskan dalam akuarium-akuarium menggunakan yang dilengkapi dengan sistem resirkulasi dan non-resirkulasi. Selanjutnya, larva hasil penetasan dipelihara selama dua minggu. Parameter yang diamati selama percobaan adalah derajat penetasan, sintasan larva, dan kualitas air (suhu, pH, kadar oksigen terlarut, kadar amoniak, dan kadar nitrit). Telur ikan gurami yang ditetaskan dalam sistem resirkulasi menghasilkan derajat penetasan (96,40% dan 97,02%) yang lebih tinggi daripada telur-telur yang ditetaskan dalam sistem non-resirkulasi (86,97% dan 88,97%). Pemeliharaan larva ikan gurami dalam sistem resirkulasi menghasilkan sintasan (88,44% dan 88,48%) yang lebih tinggi daripada sistem non-resirkulasi (50,97% dan 19,00%). Sistem resirkulasi dapat digunakan dalam meningkatkan derajat penetasan dan sintasan larva ikan gurami
VARIASI UKURAN BENIH IKAN KERAPU SUNU (Plectropomus leopardus) YANG DIBERI PAKAN BUATAN
Authors: Suarsana I Komang , Miniartini Made , Mujimin Mujimin
Published: November 2016

Ikan kerapu sunu (Plectropomus leopardus) merupakan salah satu ikan laut yang menjadi komoditas penting di Indonesia dan memiliki harga yang cukup tinggi karena selain dijual di pasar domestik juga merupakan komoditas ekspor ke berbagai negara. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan, sintasan, dan keragaman ukuran badan benih ikan kerapu sunu yang diberi pakan buatan. Pemeliharaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan wadah berupa bak beton berbentuk persegi dengan kapasitas 5.000 m3 (5 ton) selama satu bulan (30 hari). Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah 2.500 ekor benih hasil pemeliharaan yang berumur 45 hari. Benih dibagi menjadi dua kelompok ukuran (grade). Sebagai perlakuan yaitu; benih yang berukuran lebih besar (grade A) dan benih yang berukuran lebih kecil (grade B). Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa variasi ukuran badan benih ikan kerapu sunu (Plectropomus leopardus) yang diberi pakan buatan meningkat seiring dengan lamanya pemeliharaan dan benih dengan ukuran badan yang lebih besar memiliki pertumbuhan dan sintasan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan benih dengan ukuran yang lebih kecil
UJI KETAHANAN IKAN MAS (Cyprinus carpio) STRAIN RAJADANU F-3 TAHAN PENYAKIT KHV TERHADAP CEK
Authors: Supriyanto Supriyanto , Dharmawantho Listio
Published: November 2016

Ikan mas merupakan salah satu jenis ikan budidaya air tawar penting yang dapat dibudidayakan di Indonesia dan telah memberikan kontribusi ekonomi cukup besar. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk menguji ketahanan ikan mas Rajadanu F-3 tahan penyakit KHV terhadap cekaman amonia. Pengujian dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium di Balai Penelitian Pemuliaan Ikan, Sukamandi dengan cara perendaman dalam wadah botol berukuran 600 mL. Benih ikan mas yang diuji adalah ikan mas Rajadanu F-3 dan sebagai pembanding digunakan ikan mas Mantap. Ikan uji yang digunakan masing-masing sebanyak 10 ekor dengan bobot rata-rata 10–15 g/ekor. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 60 menit. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa pada kadar amonia tinggi 3,71 mg/L; ikan mas Rajadanu F-3 mampu bertahan hidup sampai menit ke-35, sedangkan ikan mas Mantap hanya mampu bertahan hidup sampai menit ke-28. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa ikan mas Rajadanu F-3 memiliki toleransi yang lebih tinggi terhadap cekaman amonia dibandingkan dengan ikan mas Mantap
Analisis Soal dalam Buku Siswa Matematika Kurikulum 2013 Kelas VIII Semester I Berdasarkan Dimensi Kognitif dari TIMSS
Authors: Cahyono Budi , Adilah Nurul
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to analyze the student math book of curriculum 2013 for first semester grades VIII Kemendikbud based on the cognitive dimension of the TIMSS. This report result based on the TIMSS that mathematical ability learners Indonesia is low, so that the government must assess the previous curriculum and impelementation curriculum of 2013. The method use a descriptive qualitative research. The subject is a matter of training and competence test questions each chapter in the book student math. The collection of data uses documentation. Guidelines for the analysis of matter based on the cognitive dimension of assessment framework of the TIMSS 2015. The results showes that 36 matter only reached the level of cognitive domain knowing with the percentage of 16.98%, 114 matter has reach the level of applying with the percentage of 53.77%, and 62 matter has reach the level of reasoning with the percentage of 29.25%.
VEKTOR PRIORITAS DALAM ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) DENGAN METODE NILAI EIGEN
Authors: Hafiyusholeh Moh. , Asyhar Ahmad Hanif
Published: November 2016

Pada Penelitian ini dikaji metode nilai eigen yang digunakan untuk mengkonstruksivektor prioritas model pengambilan keputusan yang dikenal dengan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). AHP merupakan suatu metode pengambilan keputusan yang berdasarkan pada keragaman kriteria. Melalui metode nilai eigen ini diperoleh λ_mak≥n, dengan λ_mak adalah nilai eigen maksimum dan n adalah ukuran matriks. Untuk membatasi apakah suatu keputusan yang telah diambil dengan AHP sudah valid atau belum, bisa diverifikasi dengan menggunakan indeks konsistensi.
PERBANDINGAN PENGKLUSTERAN DATA IRIS MENGGUNAKAN METODE K-MEANS DAN FUZZY C-MEANS
Authors: Febrianti Fitria , Hafiyusholeh Moh. , Asyhar Ahmad Hanif
Published: November 2016

Indonesia with abundant natural resources, certainly have a lot of plants are innumerable. To clasify the plants into different clusters can use several methods. Methods used are K-Means and Fuzzy C-Means. However, this methods have difference. Not only in terms of algorithms, but in terms of value calculation on the root mean square error (RMSE) also different. To calculate the value of RMSE there are two indicators are required, namelt the training data and the checking data. Of discussion, the Fuzzy C-Means method has RMSE values smaller than the K-Means method, namely on 80 training data and 70 checking data with RMSE value 2,2122E-14. This indicates that the Fuzzy C-Means method has a higher level of accuracy than the K-Means method
Carboxymethyl starch as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel
Authors: Wu Weiming , Chen Tianyu , Du Haiyan , Li Ding , Liu Jiangmei
Published: November 2016

In order to seek wider fields of application of carboxymethyl starch (CMS), the inhibition of CMS on mild steel in hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution has been investigated by polarisation curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that CMS has a good tendency as a corrosion inhibitor in 5% hydrochloric acid solution at room temperature, 40°C and 60°C. When CMS with a concentration of up to 2 g/l was added, the corrosion rate decreased to 11·19 mm/year and the inhibition efficiency was 80·61%. The corrosion rate increased with the increase in temperature of the medium. CMS is found to be a kind of cathode corrosion inhibitor, and the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing concentration of CMS, and the inhibition efficiency is best at room temperature. Passivation will be accelerated on the surface of the electrode when mild steel electrode is in 5% hydrochloric acid solution at 40°C, which leads to good resistance to corrosion.
Thermally induced group effects among energy piles
Authors: Rotta Loria A. F. , Laloui L.
Published: November 2016

The behaviour of conventional pile groups (e.g. closely spaced) that are subjected to mechanical loads has been shown to be different from the behaviour of single isolated piles. The so-called ‘group effects’ are responsible for this behaviour and must be considered for an optimal design of pile foundations. In recent years, energy piles have shown potential to work as both structural supports and geothermal heat exchangers, and thus are subjected to both mechanical and thermal loads. An increasing amount of research has investigated the previously unexplored impact of thermal loads on the thermo-mechanical behaviour of energy piles. However, no field data over typical timescales of practical geothermal applications have been available to analyse the development and impact of thermally induced group effects between energy piles (e.g. closely spaced) on their thermo-mechanical behaviour. To investigate this problem, a full-scale in situ test of a group of energy piles and coupled three-dimensional thermo-mechanical finite-element analyses were performed and are presented in this paper. This work demonstrates that significant thermally induced group effects characterise closely spaced energy piles. Attention must be devoted to these effects throughout the design process (e.g. geotechnical, structural and energy) of energy piles because they play an important role in the serviceability performance of these foundations.
Tzvetan Todorov. La littérature en péril. Flammarion, Café Voltaire. 2007.
Authors: Alonso-Rey María Dolores
Published: November 2016

Tzvetan Todorov. La littérature en péril. Flammarion, Café Voltaire. 2007.
Luis Artigue, Tres, dos, uno... jazz, Valladolid, Fundación Jorge Guillén, 2007, 74 pp.
Authors: Martínez Fernández José Enrique
Published: November 2016

Luis Artigue, Tres, dos, uno... jazz, Valladolid, Fundación Jorge Guillén, 2007, 74 pp.
Gustavo Vega, Reflexión. Instantes de cristal, edición bilingüe con prólogo y traducción al italiano de Giuseppe Napolitano, Gaeta, Voci del Mediterraneo, 2007, 40 pp.
Authors: Paz González Mario
Published: November 2016

Gustavo Vega, Reflexión. Instantes de cristal, edición bilingüe con prólogo y traducción al italiano de Giuseppe Napolitano, Gaeta, Voci del Mediterraneo, 2007, 40 pp.
Juan Antonio González-Iglesias, Eros es más, Madrid, Visor, 2007, 78 pp.
Authors: Paz González Mario
Published: November 2016

Juan Antonio González-Iglesias, Eros es más, Madrid, Visor, 2007, 78 pp.
Amador Palacios, El pie en la alimaña (Castilla-La Mancha y la literatura de vanguardia), Toledo, Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, 2007, 252 pp.
Authors: Paz González Mario
Published: November 2016

Amador Palacios, El pie en la alimaña (Castilla-La Mancha y la literatura de
vanguardia), Toledo, Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, 2007, 252
pp.
Teodosio Fernández. El teatro chileno contemporáneo (1941-1973) . Madrid, Ed. Playor, 1982
Authors: González Boixo José C.
Published: November 2016

Teodosio Fernández. El teatro chileno contemporáneo (1941-1973)
An Overview of the Malaria Epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Konji Sandra M.
Published: November 2016

Malaria is a parasitic disease that is transmitted by mosquitos during their blood meal. The risk of contracting malaria is highest for people in tropical countries, due to the ever-present humid weather that allows yearly infections. Consequently, sub-Saharan Africa has a disproportionately higher rate of death among women and children with malaria. One of the major barriers identified in the efficacy of malaria treatment and prevention is the lack of health education and literacy. The lack of health education has decreased the efficacy of antimalarial drugs, such as Artemether Lumefantrine, due to the distribution and administration of the drug by untrained persons. The lack of incidence and prevalence data makes it difficult to ensure adequate supply of the drug in endemic countries. Furthermore, the lack of knowledge of malaria pathogenesis and transmission has prevented many from promptly seeking treatment and practicing preventative care methods. Recently, the implementation of health education programs by international organizations has allowed local and travelling healthcare practitioners to be educated on the disease and methods of antimalarial drug administration.
Critique of a Community-Based Population Health Intervention in First Nations Community: Public Health and Cultural Anthropology Perspectives
Authors: Khan Selim M.
Published: November 2016

Launched as a community-based partnership endeavour, the Sandy Lake Health and Diabetes Project (SLHDP) aimed to prevent diabetes in a First Nations community (FNC) in Toronto. With active engagement of the key stakeholders, SLHDP conducted a series of studies that explored public health needs, priorities, and the contexts. These led to the adoption of a variety of culturally appropriate health interventions, addressing several health determinants such as health education, physical environments, nutrition, personal health practices, health services, and FNC culture. SLHDP built reciprocal capacity for both the community stakeholders and academic partners, thus evolved as a model of population health intervention. The school components are being scaled-up in other parts of FNCs in Canada. This paper presents a critique from public health and medical anthropology perspectives and draws evidence-based recommendations on how such programs can do better.