bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Arabica Coffee Marketing Efficiency
Authors: Permana Nendah Siti , Masnenah Endeh , Dasipah Euis , Haeriah Yayah , Najmudin Asep , Fatoni Ahmad , Gantini Tuti
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the form of channels, functions, and marketing efficiency of Arabica Coffee. Knowing an efficient marketing channel makes it easy for farmers to choose coffee marketing channels in order to obtain a more rational selling price. The research method used is a survey method with qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis approaches. The location selection was done purposively with consideration in Sindangkerta Subdistrict, West Bandung Regency, there are two types of Arabica Coffee cultivated by farmers, namely Arabica Coffee and Geographical Indications. Based on the research results, it can be revealed that there are four Arabica Coffee marketing channels: Two Geo- and two non Geo-graphical Indications marketing channels, respectively. In terms of efficiency, channel I in Arabica Coffee marketing is the most efficient geographical indication, because the lowest total Margin value is 69,700, the highest value of marketing efficiency is 2.88 and the Farmer’s Share value is greatest at 10%.
Strategies to Strengthen Dairy Cooperatives Performance through Cooperative Financial Performance Approach
Authors: Rahmah U I L
Published: June 2020

Dairy cooperatives plays an important role in building people’s dairy farming business in Indonesia. It needs the right strategy to strengthen the performance of dairy cooperatives. This research applied survey method and stratified proportional random sampling to determine respondents. The 0bserved variables were financial performance and trends in cooperative financial. The results revealed that 30% of dairy cooperatives had effective financial performance. Average trends of dairy cooperative financial which based on liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, and profitability ratios tend to decrease each year. Based on the SWOT analysis, there are several strategies that can be applied to improve financial performance of dairy cooperatives, namely 1) increasing the productivity of business units on an economic scale by utilizing government loans and GKSI support, 2) raising awareness of the importance of the role of members through fostering skills and strengthening the roles and functions of livestock group. The strengthening strategies for cooperatives with ineffective financial performance are 1) efficiency of production operational costs and adding equity by utilizing government assistance to reduce the burden of cooperative debt, 2) optimizing productive business units.
Performance of Microfinance Institutions of Cayenne Chilli (Capsiccum frutescens L) Farming
Authors: Marina I , Sukmawati D , Srimenganti N
Published: June 2020

The research was conducted to determine the performance of Sauyunan Agribusiness Microfinance Institutions (LKMA) and its Sustainability in rawaichilli farming at Cikeusal Village, Talaga District, Majalengka Regency. The quantitative descriptive and qualitative descriptive research methods was applied by involving 71 respondents. The results showed that the performance of LKMA was shown by the level of liquidity of 189.9%. The level of solvency was below standard and the ratio of debt to equity was only 24.125%, while the ratio of debt to total assets was above the standard (35%). LKMA Sauyunan was not profitable for the ratio of Net Profit Margin (NPM) 28.75%, Return On Assets (ROA) 5.05%, Return On Equity (ROE)10.95%, Return On Investment (ROI) 5.05% below the 30% standard. This finding concludes that rawaichilli farming could not be sustainable and urgently requires an innovation to improve community-based agribusiness microfinance by adopting various best-practice experiences in a number of microfinance institutions.
The Characteristics of Local Female Sheep Raised at different Altitudes in Majalengka Regency
Authors: Yuliandri Lili Adam , Imanudin Oki
Published: June 2020

The research was conducted to investigate the characteristics of local prospective broodstock sheep raised in the highlands and lowlands from 30th May to 28th June 2018 in Bantarujeg and Jatitujuh District of Majalengka Regency, West Java Province. This location was selected based on the consideration that the area had the highest population of livestock. The livestock observed were local female sheep raised in the highland regions as many as 60 livestock in addition to 60 lowland livestock with the age range of livestock in two different areas were ≥ 1 year. This research employed purposive sampling by survey method. The observed variables were shoulder height, torso circumference, waist width, body weight, pelvic width, inner chest width, chest width, and waist circumference as well as limbs length. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results indicated that local female sheep raised in the highlands had higher body size and body weight compared to local female sheep raised in the lowlands.
Application of Cow Manure at different Height of Mound to Increase Sweet Potato potatoes Productivity
Authors: Harti AO Rahma , Sukmasari M D , Ghita
Published: June 2020

Lack of soil fertility and improper cultivation systems will reduce the productivity of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) significantly. Effort to increase the productivity of sweet potato can be achieved by administering of cow dung and managing the height of mounds to support the crops growth and development. The experiment was arranged as factorialized block design, consisted of 2 factors, namely cow dung with (5, 10 and and 15 tons ha-1) and. mound height (20, 30 and 40 cm). The observed parameters were the length of the main stem, number of leaves, number of tendrils, and diameter of sweet potato, weight of sweet potato planted, weight of sweet potato per plot, economical and uneconomical yield of sweet potato.

Different dosage of organic manure or mound height resulted the same yield components and the yield of commercially of sweet potatoes. The highest of tuber weight per plant was obtained by the application of 15 ton ha−1 organic. This finding conclude that the application 15 ton ha-1 of organic manure and 20 cm of mound height could be adopted for sweet potatoes cultivation.
Effects of Essential Oil Made of Orange Peels on Fungal Contamination of Elephant Grass, Cassava Plant and Corn Kernel Explants on Tissue Culture Medium
Authors: Ahmad R Z , Husni A , Bakrie B
Published: June 2020

Tissue culture technology is an alternative way that can be used to produce plant seeds that will be widely developed as feed for ruminants. However, this technique often has constraint in the form of fungal contamination which affect the growth of explants during culture. One way in preventing the fungal pollution is by immersing explants in an antifungal solution in the form of essential oil. The aim of this study was to obtain the optimum concentration of essential oils made from orange peels to inhibit fungal growth in explants of elephant grass, cassava plant and corn kernel. There are 6 concentrations of essential oils as the treatments, including 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%. Each treatment consisted of 4 replications and observations were carried out for 4 months period. Results obtained that concentration of essential oil as much as 10% was the best for preventing fungal growth followed by concentrations of 8%, 6%, 4% and 2%. However, explants of elephant grass and cassava plant can grow well at concentrations of 2% and 4%. It is concluded that essential oils with a minimum concentration of 2% can be used to prevent the growth of fungal contamination in explants of elephant grass and cassava plant.
Evaluation of Linear Models and Linear Mixed Models to Predict the Effects of Antimicrobial Peptides on Broiler Performance
Authors: Sholikin M M , Alifian M D , Wahyudi A T , Jayanegara A , Nahrowi
Published: June 2020

This study aims to evaluate linear models and linear mixed models that were built based on the database of effect Antimicrobial Peptide (AMP) on broiler performance. The method of this research consists of compiling a database, making models, and evaluating models. The database compiled from a comparative study related to the effect of AMP on body weight, average daily gain, daily feed intake, and the feed conversion ratio from broilers reared at 1-21 days. The model consists of five Linear Models (LM) and five Linear Mixed Models (LMM). The best model determined by Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) and then the correlation value calculated according to actual vs. predicted value. Based on the lowest BIC value, the representative model for body weight, average body weight gain, and average feed consumption are model 9. Besides that, the feed conversion ratio relates to model 2. Model 9 is a linear mixed model with levels as fixed effects and random effects consisting of studies, broiler breeds, type of peptides, and treatment methods. In conclusion, LMM is better than LM in predicting complex problems such as comparative studies of the effects AMP on broiler performance.
Mutation Identification in the Complete Myostatin Sequence in Indonesian Kampung Chicken
Authors: Khaerunnisa I , Jakaria  , Arief I I , Budiman C , Sumantri C , Kim YS
Published: June 2020

Kampung chicken, an Indonesian native chicken, has a potential for meat producers to improve national food security, as well as supplying highly favored meat to Indonesian consumers. To improve the meat production of Kampung chicken, the selection at the genomic level could be a promising approach. Myostatin is well known as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. The objective of this study was to identify DNA mutation in the complete sequence of the myostatin gene in Kampung chicken. Genotyping was performed in 6 Kampung chickens by PCR and direct sequencing using 24 primer pairs covering 8.3 Kb of complete myostatin sequence. A total of 95 mutations discovered in the myostatin gene, including 24 in promoter, in 5’UTR, 5 in exon 1, 19 in intron 1, 37 in intron 2, 1 in exon 3, and 8 in 3’UTR. Among all mutations, 93 mutations were classified as point mutations, and 2 mutations were classified as indels. A total of 88 of 95 mutations (92%) were novel mutations. Six point mutations were found in the coding region, including 5 SNPs in exon 1, 1 SNP in exon 3, and no mutations in exon 2. No amino acid changes within all SNPs in coding region. Further studies in a larger population are needed to confirm this potential and novel mutations and their association with growth and meat production of Kampung chicken.
The Pregnancy Evaluation on Ongole Crossbred Cows by using Liquid Semen and Frozen Semen
Authors: Susilawati T , Isnaini N , Kuswati  , Satria A T , Huda A N , Yekti A P A
Published: June 2020

Artificial Insemination using liquid semen is needed for areas where there is no liquid nitrogen and the high price of liquid Nitrogen and equipment for storing frozen semen. The purpose of this study was to determine the success rate of Artificial Insemination using Frozen semen and liquid semen on different diluents in cattle Ongole crossbred. The research method used was Field experiment design. The material used was 81 Ongole Crossbred cows. Each treatment was 27 head. Control was T0 = 27 Cows in AI use frozen semen, T1 = 27 Cows in AI uses Liquid semen with CEP-3 + 10% egg Yok diluter and T2 = 27 Cows in AI use Liquid semen with Tris Amino methan + 20% egg Yok diluter. Cows were selected by purposive sampling which was normal reproduction and showing normal signs of estrus. AI methods was Recto vaginal method with 4+ semen deposition (Uterus Position). The parameter observed were Non Return Rate and Conception rate. The pregnancy determination using the per rectal palpation method. The results showed that the value of NRR-1, NRR-2 and NRR-3 in T0 = 81,48%, 81,48% and 81,48%; of T1 = 81,48%, 81,48% and 70,37% while T2 = 96,30%, 88,89% and 81,48%. Whereas the Conception rate was at T0,T1 and T2 = 62,96%, 51,85% dan 59,26%. In conclusion, the success rate of liquid semen AI using CEP-3 + 20% egg yolk diluent and Tris Aminomethan + 20% egg yolk gave the same effect compared to AI using frozen semen.
Forage Resources for Bali Cattle (Bos javanicus) in Small Holder Farming Systems in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Bahar S , Rachman R , Corfield J , Pengelly B
Published: June 2020

Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) are a vital component of Indonesia’s crop-livestock farming systems. A research has been conducted to analyze the resources of cattle forage and it’s use on the systems of small holder farming in Bone regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The research particularly conducted on the centre of “Bali cattle” development at Libureng district, Bone regency aiming to optimize the use of available forage and introducing the new forage. Research conducted on 4 (four) controlled villages namely Mattirowalie village, Bune village, Tappale villageand Laburasseng village. The determination ofselected farmers or called as “best bet farmers” conducted through selection towards the farmers to each village. The results of selection of “best bet farmers” obtained 5 (five) persons in each village so total farmer were 20 persons “best betfarmers expected to be the example case study farmer or the pioneer farmer for the other farmers in conducting the innovative technology of improving cattle forage. The results of research showed that the forage resources of cattle were varied.The system of feed giving the combined foragebetween shepherd system and cut-carry system.If compared with the forage resources condition of cattle after this project implemented, there were the significant influence where farmers have been familiar to plant the forage in form of grasses and legumesthen remain rice and peanut crop residues conservation for their cattle, while before they only focused on Native pasture or field grasses mixture and a little plants straw or crop residues.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Sex Determining Region-Y Gene Coding Sequences in Belgian Blue Bull and Wagyu Bull Crossbred Cattle
Authors: Hartatik T , Bintara S , Ismaya I , Panjono P , Widyobroto B P , Agus A , Budisatria I G S , Leroy P
Published: June 2020

Crossbreeding using exotic bulls have been developed widely in Indonesia. Y-chromosome markers have high value for the evaluation of paternal genetic and phylogeny history. The aim of this study was to investigate the coding sequence polymorphism of SRY gene in crossbred cattle using Belgian Blue Bull and Wagyu Bull. Polymerase chain reaction method was used to identify the target sequence 690 bp of SRY gene coding sequences. Then, direct DNA sequencing with forward primer was performed to identify the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) differences between individual sample. The results of the alignment coding sequence of SRY gene from four GenBank data, Brahman cross cattle, Belgian Blue Bull Cross and Wagyu Bull cross revealed that there are 21 SNPs variation. Six SNPs out of 21 SNPs (29%) was synonymous and 15 SNPs out of 21 SNPs (71%) was change the amino acid (non-synonymous). Eight out of 21 SNPs (38%) were transition mutation and 13 SNPs out of 21 SNPs (62%) were transversion mutation. Crossbred cattle using Brahman cross cow with Belgian Blue Bull and Wagyu Bull show the SNP at position 1707T→G (transversion mutation). This SNP change the amino acid from Phe(TTT) to Cys(TGT). Thus, the result can be used as molecular marker for identifying the paternal lineage of crossbred cattle which recently develop in Indonesia.
In Vitro Characteristics of Concentrate Containing Different Levels of Durio zibethinus Murr Rind Flour Fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Sulistyowati E , Badarina I , Mujiharjo S
Published: June 2020

The objectives of this research were to evaluate concentrate containing different levels of Durio zibethinus Murr rind flour fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus in in vitro with goat rumen fluid and fatty acid contents of the concentrate. There were three levels of fermented Durio concentrate (DC): DCA (5% fermented Durio/25% rice bran), DCB (10% fermented Durio/20% rice bran), and DCC (20% fermented Durio/10% rice bran). In averages, dry matter (DM) content was lower; while, sodium (Na), and potassium (K) were found high in DCC. As fiber fraction, lignin content is low in 5% fermented Durio. In vitro characteristics increased with higher fermented Durio in concentrate. Total fatty acid contents decreased with increasing level of fermented Durio. In conclusion, that 5% of fermented Durio could be incorporated in concentrate, potentially could be applied in dairy goat.
The Effect of Using Natural Feed Additive on Egg Production and Quality of Mojosari Duck (Anas plathyrhynchos)
Authors: Yulianti D L , Muharlien
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using natural feed additives on egg production and quality of Mojosari Ducks. The animals used were 81-layer period Mojosari ducks 145 days old with an average egg weight 67.55 g and a coefficient diversity 8.98%. Each bird placed in experimental cages 2.25 x 2.25 m. Each plot (experimental unit) placed 3 ducks. The research treatment is adding feed additives (UB Feed) which are composed of natural ingredients, include amino acids, multivitamins, balanced micro minerals, acidifiers, probiotics, and phytobiotics. Research treatment was P1 (100% commercial complete feed), P2 (100% mixed feed), and P3 (100% mixed feed + 0.4% feed additive UB Feed). The research variables were egg production (percentage), cholesterol content (mg/100 mg) and protein content of egg yolk (g/100 g), and protein content of albumin (g/100 g). Based on the research results, the addition of natural feed additives had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the egg production and quality of Mojosari duck eggs. The addition of natural additive feeds in feed increased egg production, yellow protein content and egg albumin and reduced cholesterol content of egg yolk.
Effect of Cinnamon Bark Meal (Cinnamomun burmanni Ness ex Bl) on In Vitro Methane Production and Rumen Methanogens Diversity
Authors: Hadianto I , Yusiati L M , Bachrudin Z , Suhartanto B , Hanim C , Kurniawati A
Published: June 2020

Plant secondary metabolites such as cinnamaldehyde have been used to manipulate methane production in the rumen. The research aimed to investigate the effect of cinnamon bark meal as cinnamaldehyde source on methane production and methanogen diversity in the rumen. Substrate of fermentation consist of Pennisetum purpureum, wheat pollard and soybean meal. Cinnamon bark meal was added into feed sample equal to cinnamaldehyde level as much as 200, 400, 600, 800 mg based on dry matter (DM). Parameters recorded were dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), methane production, number of protozoa and communities of methanogen. Fermentation parameters were measured by incubating the sample in a rumen liquor buffer that was taken from a rumen fistulated Bali cattle. In vitro gas production was analyzed using Menke and Steingass gas production technique. Methanogenic communities were observed using Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) technique. The bacterial diversity (H’ index) and evenness (E index) were calculated from the peak value. Results showed that there was no significant (P>0.05) different among treatments on IVDMD, IVOMD, methane production and number of protozoa. Based on T-RFLP, methanogenic archaea diversity was not affected by the diet. This study shows that addition of cinnamon bark meal as cinnamaldehyde source may not viable CH4 mitigation strategies to reduce methanogenic activity in the rumen.
Response of Broilers to Dietary Incorporation of Different Sorghum Varieties Fortified with Phytase
Authors: Eltayib E O , Mahmoud M S B
Published: June 2020

Dietary inclusion of local varieties of sorghum in poultry nutrition can greatly lower the cost of production in Sudan. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of dietary incorporation of different sorghum varieties fortified with phytase enzyme supplementation on broiler performance. A (2 x 5) factorial arrangement was used in a completely randomized design to study the effect of dietary incorporation of different levels sorghum variety Mogod (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) replacing the variety Feterita fortified with two levels of phytase supplementation (0 and 0.05%) on broiler performance. A total of 10 treatments were employed and each treatment was replicated three times with ten birds each. Weight gain (WG), Feed consumption (FC) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded. Carcass weights and tibial phosphorus content were measured. Blood samples were collected for blood parameters. The results showed that, FC was not affected by dietary inclusion of Mogod and phytase supplementation. There were significant (p≤0.01) effects of Mogod and phytase on weight gain. The greatest weight gain values were recorded with birds fed on diets contained 100% Feterita (p<0.01). Supplementation of phytase improved WG and FCR (p<0.01). The largest carcass weights were reported with birds fed on diets containing 50 and 100% Mogod (p<0.05). Carcass weight values were increased with phytase supplementation. Tibial phosphorus content was improved by phytase supplementation. Total blood protein, cholesterol, calcium and phosphorus were not affected by phytase treatment. The study concluded that Mogod variety could be used as alternative energy source in broiler diets replacing Feterita variety. Moreover, phytase supplementation improved the broiler performance.
Decrease Quality during Storage Packaged Beef Sausage Edible Coating by Durian Seeds Starch-Chitosan with the Addition of Kesum Leaf Extract
Authors: Lestari R B , Permadi E , Harahap R P
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to determine the effect of the type of packaging and frozen storage time of beef sausage on the decrease in the quality of beef sausage in edible coating durian-chitosan seed starch with the addition of kesum leaf extract. The study was conducted using the factorial completely randomized design experimental method with 2 treatment factors. The first factor is the type of sausage packaging consisting of 3 levels and second factor is storage time consisting of 5 levels. The results showed the type of packaging treatment, storage time, and interaction had a significant effect on TBA but no significant effect on pH. Kesum Leaf Extract can reduce the process of lipid oxidation in sausages that are treated with edible coatings with Kesum Leaf Extract (K2) and had average 0,21–0.48 mg malonaldehyde/kg.
Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Concentration Level on Physicochemical Properties of Fermented Goat Meat Dendeng
Authors: Radiati L E , Umam A K , Susilo A , Thoifi A A
Published: June 2020

This research aimed to determine the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on the manufacturing process of fermented goat meat dendeng. The completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications was applied to determine the moisture content, water activity (AW), protein content, dissolved protein content, and protein profile as physicochemical quality indicators. The level of Lactobacillus plantarum was 0 ml (T0), 0.3 ml (T1), 3 ml (T2), and 30 ml (T3), respectively. The obtained result was analyzed with SPSS for windows 16 then followed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The highly significant result (P<0.01) was shown on Aw, with valued at 0.61 – 0.70, moisture content at 44.24 – 46.65%, protein content at 31.98 – 38.70%, and dissolved protein content at 3.55 – 4.21%; while the molecular weight of protein profile was ranged from 16.69 to 143.54 kDa, and showed an unreadable protein band on T0, six protein bands on T1, seven protein bands on T2, and eight protein bands on T3, respectively.
Specific Primer Design of COI Gene and Its Potential Application for Species Identification of Meats
Authors: Khoirinisah T , Fadhila A , Wibowo T , Kartikasari L R , Cahyadi M
Published: June 2020

Cytochrome oxidase I gene, COI, is known as a mitochondrial gene encoding cytochrome oxidase I protein. The aim of this study was to design specific primers for bovine, chicken, and porcine and its application for species identification containing in raw meats using PCR. A set of specific primers has been designed using primer3. A universal forward primer and three specific reverse primers have been synthesized and the PCR technique has been carried out to test their specificity using a DNA template extracted from three meat species, i.e. bovine, chicken, and porcine. The PCR condition was optimized with similar annealing temperatures at 64°C. The PCR product was then visualized using a 2% agarose gel under the UV light and sequenced to know its nucleotides. The results showed that primer pairs were perfectly working to amplify specific target sites for bovine, chicken, and porcine. They were indicated by 263 bp for bovine, 596 bp for chicken, and 168 bp for porcine. Besides, sequence analyses showed that they were a hundred percent similar to reference species. This result suggested that the primer set of COI genes designed in this study may be a powerful tool to identify species in meats using multiplex-PCR.
Effect of Several AGP Replacers on Digestibilities of Amino Acid in Mojosari Duck
Authors: Widodo E , Natsir M H , Djunaidi I H
Published: June 2020

An attempt was made to search effect of several AGP replacers on digestibilities amino acid determined by using Acid Insoluble Ash Method in Mojosari ducks. This research used 40 ducks, raised at individual cage to facilitate 9 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments consisted of P1: basal feed + antibiotic; P2: basal feed + 1% sardine oil + 0.5% tomato powder; P3: basal feed + 2% sardine oil + 0.5% tomato powder; P4: basal feed + 1% sardine oil + 1% tomato powder; P5: basal feed + 2% sardine oil + 1% tomato powder; P6: basal feed + 1% sardine oil + 0.5% tomato powder + 200 ppm clove oil; P7: basal feed + 2% sardine oil + 0.5% tomato powder + 200 ppm clove oil; P8: basal feed + 1% sardine oil + 1% tomato powder + 400 ppm clove oil; P9: basal feed + 2% sardine oil + 1% tomato powder + 400 ppm clove oil. Digestibility coefficient was measured by Acid Insoluble Ash method. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, and the differences was tested by DMRT. The results showed that feed consumption and digestibilities of dry matter and crude protein were not significant, therefore, digestibility of several amino acids were highly significant (P<0.01), particularly for threonine, arginine, phenylalanine and tyrosine. It could be concluded that the use of sardine oil (2%) supplemented with 1% tomato powder and 400 ppm clove oil showed the best replacer of AGP.
The Comparison of Sweating Rate and Sweat Gland Anatomy between Simmental and Its Crossing with Ongole Crossbred (Simpo) Bulls
Authors: Nursita I W , Pratiwi H , Cholis N , Taufiqi Y
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to find out the sweating rate and anatomy of the sweat glands of Simmental and their crossing with the Ongole cross bred (SimPO) bulls. The research was conducted in Authorized Slaughter House of Gadang, Malang City and the Bioscience Laboratory of University of Brawijaya. The material used were 4 Simmental, and 5 SimPO bulls with an average weight of ≥300 kg and age of ≥2 years. Sweating rate data were collected use Cobalt Chloride Disc. The anatomy of the sweat gland skin samples were observed in the Bioscience Laboratory. Data sweating rate obtained were analyzed statistically using unpaired t-test. The result showed there was significant difference (P<0,05) of sweating rate between Simmental and SimPO bulls. The sweat gland of Simmental have a smaller size and tubular likes shape than SimPO. The SimPO has a large and baggy sweat gland.
Effect of Pellet Size in Ration with or without Indigofera sp on New Zealand White Rabbit Performances
Authors: Tistiana H , Hartutik  , Widodo E , Djunaidi I H
Published: June 2020

Rabbit is an alternative animal raised by the farmer for profit. Therefore, the ration used varied and tended to use commercial pelleted feed. The current study was intended to evaluate effect of pellet size of rabbit ration with or without Indigofera sp on the performances of rabbit. Seventy-two rabbits of one month old were used allocated to 12 experimental units. The main factor was ration types (with or without inclusion of Indigofera sp) and the second factor was pellet size (S, M and L). The experiment was arranged in Completely Nested Randomized Design. The results showed that feed consumption was not significantly influenced by the type of ration and pellet size. In addition, type of ration significantly (P>0.05) influenced the body weight gain and highly significantly (P>0.01) influenced on feed conversion. Economic calculation based on Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC) indicated ration containing Indigofera was highly significantly (P>0.01). In conclusion, ration containing Indigofera sp at long size of pellet improves performance of New Zealand White Rabbit.
The Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Addition and Fermentation Periods on Nutritive Value Dwarf Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott) Silage
Authors: Irsyammawati A , Mashudi  , Ndaru P H
Published: June 2020

This research aimed to examine the effect of different Lactobacillus plantarum addition and fermentation periods on its physical quality, pH, nutritive value ( dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), extract ether (EE)). This research also to find out the best treatments of dwarf elephant grass silage by Lactobacillus plantarum addition with different fermentation periods. Completely Randomized Factorial Design was used in this experiment, with two factor ie. Lactobacillus plantarum inclusion (0, 0.3; 0.6; 0.9 %) and fermentation periods (0, 7, 14, 21 days). Each treatment was replicated three times. Addition 6 % molasses of fresh weight grass was employed in all the treatment. The result indicated that different of Lactobacillus plantarum addition, fermentation periods and their interaction were highly significant effect on pH, OM, CF and EE value (p<0.01). Interaction of two factors also highly significant influence to DM and CP content of dwarf elephant grass silage. Lactobacillus plantarum addition factor has highly significant effect on CP content and fermentation period was a significant effect on CP value of dwarf elephant grass silage. Physical quality of dwarf elephant grass with various Lactobacillus plantarum addition and fermentation periods shown a good quality of silage with fresh and acidic odor, good texture, a little bit browny color, and no fungi. Average pH of silage was around 3.90 – 4.30 after incubation 7 – 21 days. Average of nutritive value dwarf elephant grass silage were 11.55 – 13.15 % DM, 81.13-82.32 % OM, 10.48 – 12.00 % CP, 22.31 – 25.27 % CF and 1.21 – 2.98% EE. It can be concluded that Lactobacillus plantarum addition can faster ensilage fermentation and the best silage was on treatment 0.6 % Lactobacillus plantarum addition and 7 days fermentation periods.
The Effect of Addition Azotobacter Microbial Culture on Cow Feces as a Plant Fertilizer
Authors: Cholis N , Nursita I W
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of adding Azotobacter microbial culture on cow feces as plant fertilizer. The material used was 360 kg of cow feces, 20 kg of rice husk, 20 kg of rice bran and 750 ml of Azotobacter microbial culture, 30 liters of water, 9 liters of molasses, Odot (Pennisetum purporeum cv. Mott) grass cuttings, corn (Zea mays saccharata) seeds and Edamame (Glycine max L Meril) seeds. This research method is an experiment. The design was a Completely Randomized Design (RCD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications. The treatment was T0, namely the use of feces without the addition of Azotobacter microbial culture, T1 with the addition of 150 ml/100 kg of material, T2 with the addition of 250 ml/100 kg of material and T3 with the addition of 350 ml/100 kg of material. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, leaf width, number of branches and number of tillers. Plant height was significantly different (P<0.05) from treatment, for all plants. The addition of 350 ml/100 kg of material, gave the highest plant height on Odot grass, corn and Edamame by 33.60 cm, 86.8 cm, and 26.14 ± 1.89 cm, respectively. This is due to the highest element K which plays a role in maintaining turgor pressure and ensuring the continuation of cell elongation. From this study it can be concluded that the addition of Azotobacter microbial culture can increase the nutrient content of compost with cow feces material. When used as fertilizer, it can increase plant growth.
Anti-Obesity Effect of Yoghurt Synbiotic in High Fat Diet Induced Wistar Rats
Authors: Andriani R D , Rahayu P P , Apriliyani M W , Sawitri M E , Manab A , Azkarahman A R
Published: June 2020

The prevalence of obesity which tends to increase is also known to be one of the triggers for various degenerative diseases. The main reason for obesity is unbalanced lifestyle. One solution that can be applied in overcoming the problem of degenerative diseases is by consuming functional food such as probiotics. Probiotics are mostly familiar in fermented products, especially milk-based products as well as yoghurt. This study uses yoghurt added with sweet potatoes containing Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris and Streptococcus salivarius subsp thermophilus as a starter culture. This study aims to determine the effect of giving synbiotic yoghurt towards body weight’s decrease in wistar rats feed under a high-fat diet. In this study, 24 wistar rats were grouped into 4 treatment groups particularly P1 (control); P2 (by giving yoghurt with a dose of 1 ml per day); P3 (1.5 ml per day); and P4 (2.5 ml per day). The treatment is carried out for 3 weeks and weighing is done every week. The results showed that the treatment group had the ability to reduce body weight significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control group.
Effect of Dietary of Supplementation Mannan-Riched Fraction (MRF) and Probiotic-Enhanced Liquid Acidifier on the Growth Performance, Serum Blood Biochemistry, and Intestinal Properties of Broilers
Authors: Sjofjan O , Adli D N
Published: June 2020

Numerous efforts have been undertaken to develop suitable alternatives in order to counteract the anticipated drawbacks associated with the ban of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). The research purpose is to carry out the possible effect of mannan-riched fraction (MRF) and probiotic enhanced water as natural growth promoters (NGPs) on performance, relative organ weight, serum blood biochemistry, intestinal properties, and intestinal micro flora. 320 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments and 4 replicates of 20 birds per cage. four treatments used for research were dietary with control (T0), basal diet + MRF 80 g (T1), Drinking water + 2 mL/L combination feed additive (T2), and basal feed + MRF 80 g+ drinking water 2 mL/L combination feed additive (T3). The results showed that using mannan riched fraction (MRF) and combination with probiotic-enhanced liquid acidifier presented significant difference (P > 0.05) on body weight gain at 1-28 days and intestinal properties. On the blood biochemistry, the effect of supplementation began to reduce the amount of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) at 21 days periods. To sum up, the addition of mannan-riched fraction and combination with probiotic enhanced liquid acidifier doesn’t impacted on growth performance, and serum blood biochemistry but give significant effect on intestinal properties of broiler.
Program Analysis of Rural Farmer School in Ngantru Village, Bojonegoro Regency
Authors: Azizah S , Meilani S , Kuswati
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this research was to analyze the process of farmer empowerment in Rural Farmer School (Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat/SPR) Mega Jaya founding and to find the impact of the program that might improve farmer resources in social-culture and economic aspects. The research was held in Rural Farmer School (SPR) Mega Jaya in Ngantru Village, Bojonegoro Regency for three months from 1st March until 1st June 2018. The material of this research was the human instrument which was the researchers themselves. The method of this research was qualitative, seven informants were chosen purposively and data collected were literacy study, interview, and observation. The data analysis used inductive qualitative method through data collection, data assessment, verification, and conclusion. The process of farmers’ empowerment in Rural Farmer School is pre-evaluation, prototyping, implementation, affirmation, and independence of the program. The Rural Farmer School program had both positive and negative sides. This program affected mostly in social-culture. It affected some aspects such as increasing mutual assistance, motivation, security, and kinship but it decreased farmers’ working hours. The program also affected the economic side, such as increasing workforce, asset, and infrastructure. There was a negative side that appears on the financial aspect that caused the expenditures increasing of self-help development.
Effects of Nitrogen and Sulphur Fertilization on the Production and Nutritive Values of Two Elephant Grass Cultivars at Two Different Harvesting Times
Authors: Fauzi M M , Soetanto H , Mashudi
Published: June 2020

A laboratory experiment was carried out to ascertain the effects of adding nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) fertilizers on the nutritive values of two elephant grass cultivars, that is Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwan (EGT) and Mott (EGM) at 45 and 60 days harvesting times. Three levels of N fertilizer equivalent to,0, 500, and 1000 kg/Ha/year and two combination of N + S fertilizers equivalent to 500 kg N+571 kg S;1000 kg N+1143 kg S/Ha/year, respectively were allotted into a nested complete randomized design with three replicates each. Approximately 10 kg of soil was placed in each poly bag + one clump of grass and the sward was allowed to grow for 90 days, trimmed and harvested at their respective times. The results showed that the use of fertilizers particularly nitrogen linearly increased the nutrition content of grass and the dose of 1000 kg N+1143 kg S/Ha/year resulted in the highest CP content regardless of the harvesting times. EGM may offer more digestible nutrients than EGT due to superiority in the leaf: stem ratio than EGM. In conclusion EGM can be recommended to replace EGT for ruminant forage.
Supply Chain Management Information System of Duck Meat at Madura Island (Case Study at Sinjay Duck Restaurant)
Authors: Febrianto N , Hartono B , Yulinarsari A P
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine and analyze the supply chain management information system of duck meat at Madura Island, East Java, Indonesia. Respondents of the study were duck farmers, intermediate traders, suppliers, fried duck restaurants, and consumers. Primary data of the study was gathered using structured questionnaires consists flow of information, material, and financial along the supply chain. Secondary data was provided by related institution. Method dutilized in this study was survey with purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Data collected in this research was analyzed with qualitative descriptive analysis. Results showed that the flow of information in the supply chain of duck meat at Sinjay Duck Restaurant was including the purchasing DOD, Feed and Vitamins/Medicines. Information of duck breeders to duck traders and duck suppliers. The flow of products in the supply chain of duck meat at Sinjay Duck Restaurant explains the quantity and quality of the product.
Effect of (Leucaena leucocephala) Leaves as Tannin Source on Rumen Microbial Enzyme Activities and In Vitro Gas Production Kinetics
Authors: Mahanani M M P , Kurniawati A , Hanim C , Anas M A , Yusiati L M
Published: June 2020

Leucaena leucocephalahas become one legume most commonly used in ruminant feeding practices and which contains CT with potential to reduce CH4 emissions, improve feed protein utilization. This study was aimed to determine the effect ofL. leucocephalaleaves as a tannin source on rumen amylase, CMC-ase, β-glucosidase, protease activity and kinetic of gas production. The study began with tannin protein-binding capacity evaluation. The levels ofL. leucocephalaleaves which used were 0%, 10%, and 25%. Feed fermentation was conducted using Menke and Steingass gas production technique for 48 hours. Kinetic of gas production was analyzed using the Fit Curve programme. Data obtained were analyzed using one way ANOVA, and continued by DMRT. The results of this study showed that the tannin protein-binding capacity was 1.2680 mg BSA/mg DM ofL. leucocephalaleaves. Amilase, CMC-ase, β-glucosidase, and protease activity decreased significantly (P<0.01) at 10% and 25%L. leucocephala.Gas production from soluble fractions (a) was not affected by the treatment. Gas production from the potentially degraded fraction (b) decreased significantly (P<0.05) at 10% and 25%L. leucocephala. The potential extent of gas production (a+b) decreased significantly (P<0.05) at 25%L. leucocephala.The gas production rate (c) increased significantly (P<0.05) at 25%L. leucocephala.Inclusion up to 25% ofL. leucocephalaleaves in the diet reduce rumen hydrolytic enzymes activity, the soluble and the potentially degraded fraction (a+b) and gas.
Methane Production and Methanogens Diversity in in vitro Ruminal Fermentation with Mahogany Leaves Meal (Swietenia mahagoni) as Tannin Source
Authors: Hasanah C , Kurniawati A , Yusiati L M , Muhlisin  , Bachruddin Z
Published: June 2020

Swietenia mahagoni has been extensively studied and applied as feed additives, a strategy to manipulate rumen fermentation in reducing methanogenesis. The research aimed to determine the effect of using Swietenia mahagoni as tannin source on methane production, gas production kinetics and the diversity of methanogenic archaea by in vitro rumen fermentation. Swietenia mahagoni was given to substitute the elephant grass at levels of 0, 25, and 50%. Fermentation was carried out by in vitro gas production technique according to Menke and Steingass. Methane was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) methode. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis was used to detect changes of rumen methanogenic archaea diversity. Result showed that Swietenia mahagoni leaves with level 50% reduced methane production by 39,26% (P=0,08). Gas production from insoluble fraction (b) decreased as much as 47.23% from control with using Swietenia mahagoni leaves 50%. The uncultured methanoculles was dominating community member 36.35% with MspI, while uncultured euryarchaeote clone is 80.24% MCR-F1SP-1 with TaqI. Inclusion of Swietenia mahagoni as much as 50% in diet could decrease methane production, gas production from potential degraded fractions and diversity of methanogenic archaea.
The application of design of experiment method in finite element model updating for estimating uncertainties of Laser Stitch Welded Structure
Authors: Aziz Shah M A S , Yunus M A , Abdul Rani M N
Published: June 2020

The sensitivity based finite element model updating is a common method to improve the correlation between the initial finite element model and actual structure. The method is considered to be deterministic to correct the modelling parameters that lead to better predictions of the dynamic behaviour of a structure. However, for a complex jointed structure, there may contains variability and uncertainties that causing the structure become non-deterministic problems. Usually, variability in actual structure may arise from many sources such as geometrical tolerance and manufacturing process. Meanwhile, uncertainties in modelling usually results from the use of nominal material properties and imprecise joint stiffness. Therefore, this paper is intended to propose a novel approach to deal with modelling uncertainties and to perform the model updating of complex jointed structure by using statistical design of experiment (DOE) methods. Initially, the finite element model of the structure was constructed using CQUAD4 shell element and the area contact model (ACM) element connectors was used to represent laser stitch weld joints. Due to the lack of information on the structure and the welds, the input material properties used in the finite element model was based on nominal value of mild steel. Then, DOE methods such as Central composite design (CCD), D-optimal design and Latin hypercube (LHS) were used to estimate the new starting value for the material properties of the model. The results of the finite element models based on DOEs were compared with experimental data in terms of its natural frequencies. The correlations of the nominal FE model, CCD based FE model, D-optimal based FE model and LHS based finite element model with experimental counterpart were improved by using sensitivity based model updating. The results then were compared to identify the feasibility, accuracy and efficiency of the DOE methods in estimating reasonable starting material properties values and further overcome the uncertainties problems. The results show that DOE methods were efficient to be used in FE modelling and model updating since it capable to improve the accuracy of the prediction results.
Investigation on the static and dynamic behavior of BCC lattice structure with quatrefoil node manufactured using fused deposition modelling additive manufacturing
Authors: Azmi M S , Ismail R , Hasan R
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a vibration characteristics of BCC lattice structure with quatrefoil node which has been made using the fused deposition modelling (FDM) additive manufacturing (AM) technique. By conducting vibration testing, the effect of strut diameter design parameter on the natural frequency values of the BCC lattice structure with quatrefoil node is investigated. The results showed that the natural frequency values of the lattice structure material can be greatly affected by the strut diameter sizes due to increase in stiffness as the strut diameter increases. The mathematical equation is also derived to calculate the total area moments of inertia of the lattice structure model and the validity of this developed model is shown through comparison of the results with experimental work of the three-point bending test which shown similar increase trend. Thus, this study provides information on the influence of strut diameter design parameter on its vibration characteristic.
Investigation on machining performance of TiB2 and TiN coatings with modified cutting insert in AISI 1017 turning
Authors: Zainal Amirul , Hafizu Zakaria Mohd , Anwar Che Ghani Saiful
Published: June 2020

In the last decades machining methods have witnessed an advancement in both cutting tools’ geometry and hard coatings, sometimes in combination with Ti-based coating. In the present study, the machining performance of adhesion resistant Ti-based coating materials with modified cutting insert on tool wear was investigated in turning AISI 1017 carbon steel. TiB2 and TiN hard coatings with similar layer thickness produced by physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique were considered as coating film for 1 mm thick tungsten carbide with Co binder cutting tools. The machining performance was evaluated mainly by surface roughness, cutting temperature and correlated in terms of tool wear. Through a set of experiments, modified cutting insert coated with TiB2 exhibited about 24-33% improvement in tool wear compared to TiN coated insert. The results from this study show that TiB2 coating can be used as coating material for cutting tool but further research on tribology and sustainability along with cutting dynamics study are prerequisites for commercial application of this coating material in the mainstream.