bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Security Analysis of the Information Space of the Kherson Oblast during the Russian Occupation
Authors: Opinko Stanislav
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes the security aspects of the information space of the Kherson region during the first 80 days of the Russian occupation of the region. During the occupation of the region, the aggressor has made many steps to seize the information space of the Kherson region, including, in particular, enforcement on local media. According to the results of local media, monitoring it was established that most local media defend pro-Ukrainian positions and do not publish Russian propaganda narratives. We conclude that the informational support of the occupying forces in the region is the all-Russian medias, which before the full-scale invasion had a strong «information bridgehead» in the region, while local puppet collaborators do not have significant information resources to exert their own influence in the region what further reduces their political weight. The author also notes the key role of online media and social networks, which have become a key element of the information space of Kherson region.
The Impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on the Republic of Moldova Contemporary Security Policy
Authors: Feduniak Mykhailo
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the security policy of the Republic of Moldova under the influence of the modern Russian-Ukrainian war. The Transnistrian factor is considered as a serious threat, as well as the role and place of Ukraine as an important tool for strengthening the national security of the Republic of Moldova.
The author states that today the Republic of Moldova is faced with a choice between maintaining economic relations with the Russian Federation, which in fact make it dependent on Moscow, and the possibility of potential restoration and strengthening of national sovereignty and security with the help of a third constructive geopolitical power, which Ukraine can act in particular. Along with the potential resolution of the PMR issue, Moldova will acquire a powerful military ally, which is now rapidly strengthening its own forces not only in the Black Sea region, but also on the entire European continent. That is why the development and deepening of bilateral relations and the gradual formation of an adequate system of interaction, especially in the military sphere, is extremely important for the state sovereignty and security of the Republic of Moldova.
The Issue of the Draft Law of Ukraine “On Local Referendum” Compliance with Contemporary European Standards
Authors: Hrynyshyn Yehor
Published: January 2023

The article analyses the referendum practices for solving controversial issues of local government. Particular attention is paid to international documents that regulate the conduct of voting in accordance with European standards and the prospects of using the draft law of Ukraine “On Local Re-ferendum”.
The problem becomes urgent due to the increased probability of using a local referendum for manipulation, due to the growing influence of the aggressor state, that increased after the full-scale invasion of our territory, and to address issues beyond the competence of local government. The work highlights the legislative risks that may arise during the preparation and conduct of a local referendum, provided that no changes are made to certain parts and articles of the law in the context of liability for violations of the law.
Based on the experience of voting in local elections in recent years, options for voting results have been explored if the turnout quota is not reduced. The author sees the solution to the problem of manipulating the direct will of the people in the creation of a single voting system, without dividing it into electoral and party systems, but where each election should be regulated by a single Electoral Code of Ukraine, both for elections and referendums at all levels. To ensure the stability of national security, the author proposes not to hold referendums in the temporarily occupied territories after deoccupation, at least not for three years, as it proposed by the legislator, but to increase this period so that it is equal to the years of temporary occupation.
Theoretical Foundations of Political and Legal Norms of the European Union in the Field of the National Minorities’ Rights Protection
Authors: Drapak Mykhailo
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes the origins of contradictions between the actors of ethnopolitical processes amid the protection of national minorities and the connection of these phenomena with the relevant political and legal norms of the European Union. This international organization, on the one hand, strives to ensure peace and stability in Europe and, on the other hand, advocates the implementation of the principles of the rule of law, democracy and human rights in the practice of social relations of states that are its members or which express interest in integration. This requires the EU to pay special attention to the problems of inter-ethnic relations as an area with high conflict potential. Accordingly, European institutions have created a system of norms, the implementation and following of which are designed to reduce or eliminate negative scenarios of the development of such processes. The author defines the main subjects of inter-ethnic relations – host states, national minorities and kin states, in contacts between which contradictions may arise at the domestic and foreign policy levels. Attention is paid to the possible strategies of EU influence on the relations between such actors to find acceptable solutions and ensure social cohesion.
Teori Hegemoni Antonio Gramsci dalam Novel Student Hijo Karya Marco Kartodikromo
Authors: Kamumu Nardiansyah , Tjahjono Tengsoe
Published: January 2023

Pembahasan dalam artikel ini terkait dengan Teori Hegemoni Antonio Gramsci dalam Novel Student Hijo Karya Marco Kartodikromo. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian kualitatif. Data yang diambil dari penelitian ini merupakan data verbal, yaitu paparan bahasa yang terdapat dalam pikiran, perasaan, perilaku, dan sikap tokoh-tokoh dalam bentuk dialog, monolog, serta narasi yang ada dalam novel Student Hijo karya Marco Kartodikromo. Formasi ideologi ditelusuri melalui elemen material dan kemudian dikaji berkait dengan elemen kesadaran, elemen solidaritas-identitas, serta elemen kebebasan. Dalam diri Hijo terdapat ideologi kapitalisme, liberalisme, teisme, demokrasi, humanisme, dan feodalisme.
Determinan Kepuasan Penyelenggara Layanan Kesehatan di Puskesmas Kotamobagu
Authors: Gilang Saputra Bida  , Darmin  , Monoarfa Jefri , Damopolii Ririn , Rahayu Ningsih Suci
Published: January 2023

Puskesmas merupakan ujung tombak pembangunan kesehatan di Indonesia, untuk meningkatkan kesadaran, kemauan, kemampuan, hidup bagi setiap orang agar terwujud derajat kesehatan masyarakat optimal, yang bertanggung jawab utama dalam penyelengaraan seluruh upaya pembangunan kesehatan diwilayah kabupaten/kota. Tujuan umum dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui determinan yang berhubungan dengan kepuasan penyelenggara layanan kesehatan di puskesmas kotamobagu kecamatan kotamobagu. Dengan adanya penelitian ini kami tau sejauh mana kinerja ataupun harapan dari tenaga kesehatan yang ada di puskesmas kotamobagu. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif mengunakan analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan dipuskesmas kotakotambagu. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 33 tenaga kesehatan yang berkerja dipuskesmas kota kotamobagu. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada tanggal 24 mei s.d 32 juni 2022. Kepuasan kerja merupakan salah satu faktor yang sangat penting untuk mendapatkan hasil kerja yang optimal. Ketika seorang merasakan kepuasan dalam bekerja tentunya ia akan berupaya semaksimal mungkin dengan segenap kemampuan yang dimilikinya untuk menyelesaikan tugas pekerjaanya.
Analisis Kepuasan Pasien di Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas X
Authors: Mokodompit Putra Jufriyandi , Darmin  , Simbuang Fanisha Simbuang , Dadu Aliyah Putri , Mokodompit Nelby Nur Magfirah Mokodompit
Published: January 2023

Kepuasan pasien di definisikan sebagai respon pelanggan terdapat ketidak sesuaian antara tingkat kepentingan sebelumnya dan kinerja actual yang di dasarkannya setelah pemakaian. Kepuasan pasien/pelanggan adalah inti dari pemasaran yang berorientasi kepada pasien/pelanggan. Pelayanan yang memuaskan dan berkualitas akan membentuk loyalitas pasien/pelanggan, dan kepuasan sangat erat hubungan dengan “word of mouth’’. Kepuasan pasien adalah tingkat perasaan seseorang setelah membandingkan kinerja yang pasien rasakan dengan harapan pasien inginkan ketika hendak berobat. Jika pasien merasah puas, ini sangat mempengaruhi sebuah tindakan yang didasarkan pada pengalaman masalaluh dimana selajutnya mereka tidak akan mudah berpindah jasa karena stimulasi pemasaran. Puskesmas yang ingin berkembang, harus menjaga kesetiaan pasien, denngnan cara memberikan kepuasan kepada pasiennya. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian Kuantitatif. Metode penelitian ini adalah Deskriptif Analitik dengan menggunakan desain penelitian Crosssectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di UPTD Puskesmas Motoboi Kecil. Waktu pelaksanaannya selama satu bulan . jumlah sampel yang di dapatkan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 50 pasien. Tekntik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrument penelitian yang di gunakan adalah alat tulis, kuisioner dan laptop. Pengolahan data yang dilakukan adalah editing, coding, dan pemasukan data. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat. Dengan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk kami dapat mengetahui tentang pendapat dari masyarakat mengenai pelayanan yang di berikan oleh tenaga kesehatan yang ada di puskesmas Motoboi Kecil. Dengan materi ini kami sebagai mahasiswa Kesehatan Masyarakat menjadi lebih paham apa sebenarnya yang sangat di harapkan oleh masyarakat pada fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan.
Autokorelasi Spasial Kasus Tuberkulosis di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi Tahun 2018-2020
Authors: Nasution Helmi Suryani , Syukri Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Tuberkulosis tidak hanya menjadi masalah di tingkat global dan Indonesia tetapi juga di Provinsi Jambi. Penularan TB dapat membentuk klaster baik secara tempat maupun waktu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi klaster atau autokorelasi spasial TB di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi tahun 2018-2020. Data sekunder berupa jumlah agregat semua kasus TB yang memulai pengobatan di tahun 2018-2020 diperoleh dari Sistem Informasi Tuberkulosis Terpadu (SITB) berbasis pelaporan online.Unit analisis adalah desa/kelurahan. Analisis Getis Ord G* dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi wilayah klaster TB. Jumlah semua kasus TB selama tiga tahun adalah 1.194 kasus. Kasus TB terlihat mengelompok baik di wilayah yang padat penduduk maupun tidak. Karena angka cakupan pengobatan yang masih rendah maka analisis spasial berdasarkan notifikasi akan berbeda dengan analisis spasial berdasarkan insiden. Selain peningkatan penemuan kasus TB baik secara pasif maupun aktif, diperlukan juga penguatan sistem surveilans TB.  Penelitian spasial lain yang memasukkan variable sosio-demografi, ekonomi, lingkungan, dan lain sebagainya dengan menggunakan analisis lebih lanjut seperti Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) juga diperlukan.
Autokorelasi Spasial Kasus Demam Berdarah di Kota Jambi Tahun 2020
Authors: Syukri Muhammad , Nasution Helmi Suryani , Faisal Faisal , Amir Andy , Pebrianti Henny , Zulfah Syarifah
Published: January 2023

Demam berdarah saat ini masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang sangat penting di Kota Jambi. Jumlah kasus DBD di Kota Jambi menempati urutan pertama dari 11 kab/kota di Provinsi Jambi. Studi ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi variasi spasial kasus DBD di Kota Jambi tahun 2020. Analisis Global dan Lokal Moran Indeks digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk memetakan wilayah hotspots dan cold spots kasus DBD. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi ekologi dengan unit analisis semua kelurahan di Kota Jambi yang berjumlah 62 kelurahan. Data kejadian DBD diperoleh dari laporan Dinas Kesehatan Kota Jambi dari Januari 2020 sampai Desember 2020 dengan jumlah total sebanyak 714 kasus. Studi ini menemukan adanya autokorelasi positif kasus DBD dengan 10 kelurahan yang masuk ke dalam area hotspots dan 9 kelurahan masuk ke dalam area cold spots.
Improving Teacher Competence in Designing Project-Based Learning Models Through Workshops in The First Semester of the 2018/2019 Academic Year (Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Analysis Study 06 Kerinci)
Authors: Tistiarni Tistiarni , Mastanora Refika , Lani Oktri Permata
Published: January 2023

This study aims to describe workshop activities for increasing teacher competence in designing Project Based Learning Models at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 06 Kerinci. The research was conducted in two cycles and each cycle consisted of four stages, namely: planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The aspect that is measured in assessing the success of the action is the teacher's readiness to take part in the workshop process and the results of the workshop process. The subject of this research is the teaching staff and the research object is the ability of the teaching staff in designing the Project Based Learning Model. From the results of the analysis, information was obtained that there was an increase in the ability of the Kerinci 06 State Madrasah Tsanawiyah Teachers in designing Project Based Learning Models. This increase was demonstrated by (1) the ability of Kerinci 06 State Madrasah Tsanawiyah Teachers in designing the characteristics of the Project Based Learning Model from 20% in cycle I to 100% in cycle II; (2) the ability of Kerinci 06 State Madrasah Tsanawiyah Teachers in identifying problems with the Project Based Learning Model from 27% in cycle I to 100% in cycle II; (3) the ability of Kerinci 06 State Madrasah Tsanawiyah Teachers in designing the objectives of the Project Based Learning Model, from 27% in cycle I to 100% in cycle II; (4) the ability of Kerinci 06 State Madrasah Tsanawiyah Teachers in preparing the Project Based Learning Model steps, from 20% in cycle I to 100% in cycle II; (5) The ability of Kerinci 06 State Madrasah Tsanawiyah Teachers in designing Project Based Learning Models, from 17% in cycle I to 100% in cycle II.
Analysis of protective properties of soil-cements towards reinforcing steel
Authors: Zdeb Tomasz , Tracz Tomasz , Żelazik Mateusz
Published: January 2023

The paper presents the results of tests concerning the chemical composition and pH of the pore solution of soil-cements, obtained by leaching and pressure extraction. The study concerned two soil-cements of different composition: types of loose and cohesive native soil, and the w/c ratio of the cement paste introduced into the soil: 0.8 and 2.0 respectively. The test results concerning pore solution composition and pH values, obtained using ion chromatography, were used to assess the protective properties of soil-cements towards reinforcing steel. The results of the tests conducted indicate the full ability of investigated soil-cements to protect steel against corrosion as well as the potentially high durability of the soil-cements themselves. Moreover, an attempt was made to determine the composition of the pore liquid phase by two methods, and the scale of differences in the chemical compositions obtained using these methods, is discussed in the paper.
Strengthening of concrete by using hybrid SIFCON sections
Authors: Hameed Dalya H. , Salih Shakir A. , Habeeb Galib M.
Published: January 2023

Slurry infiltrated fibrous concrete [SIFCON] is a recent form of superior performance fiber reinforced concrete made by penetrating steel fiber bed, with an exceptionally designed cement-based slurry. Researches have demonstrated that SIFCON is an imaginative building material, having both extensive ductility and high strength. In the current investigation, the use of SIFCON has been investigated as a strengthening layer for conventional concrete section. The effects of the SIFCON layer position: bottom, top & bottom, and jacket, thickness: 15 mm, 25 mm, and 35 mm, and steel fiber volume fraction: 6.0%, 7.5%, and 9.0% on ultimate flexural load, toughness, and ductility of hybrid prisms were reported. The results showed that the increase in the thickness of the SIFCON layer and the steel fiber volume fraction improve load-bearing capacity, toughness, and ductility of the composite sections. The ultimate flexural load was improved by up to 1148%. Ductility factors were increasing up to 2.54. On the other hand, toughness enhanced greatly in the case of the top and bottom hybrid sections. It was 33 times higher than of control prisms.
Rotary kilns in current cement industry
Authors: Kurdowski Wiesław , Jelito Ernest
Published: January 2023

Short rotary kilns with cyclone heat exchangers are commonly used in current cement industry. The principle is the installation of precalciner, even in the case of kilns with low capacity, not exceeding 3000 tons per day. The best method of tertiary air introducing is the usage of separate duct from grate cooler, which justifi es widespread use of these coolers. Alternative fuels, as whole tires, can be burned in precalciners, on special furnaces.
Effect of redispersible polymer powders on selected mechanical properties of thin-bed cementitious mortars
Authors: Kulesza Marcin , Dębski Dawid , Fangrat Jadwiga , Michalak Jacek
Published: January 2023

Modern mortars are complex multi-component systems. Among the mortar components, redispersible polymer powders (RDPs) play a unique role. They improve the rheology of fresh mortar while providing flexibility and tensile strength after it has hardened. The impact of polymeric binders on mortar properties has been and is currently the subject of intensive research. This paper describes how the use of different redispersible polymer powders affects cement mortars’ selected properties, i.e., crack bridging ability, adhesion determined by measurement of tensile strength and transverse deformation. Results show that all of the RDPs tested positively affect the properties of the examined system. The most significant increase in the mortar’s tensile adhesion strength was observed for the system with vinyl acetate homopolymer, the lower one for the systems with styrene-acrylic heteropolymers and vinyl acetate and ethylene heteropolymers. All tested redispersible polymer powders in the considered system increase the ability to bridge cracks in cement mortar. However, the smallest increment is observed for the acrylic homopolymer and styrene-butadiene heteropolymer. Other RDPs similarly increase the mortar’s cracks bridging ability under test defined as the ability of the hardened material (mortar) to stop the spread of cracks without damaging it. The results obtained for thin-bed cement mortars in terms of crack bridging ability were evaluated comparing the requirements for water-impermeable products. All examined RDPs showed a similar effect on the transverse deformation value of cement mortar.
A new way of using welded wire mesh [WWM] for enhancing the shear strength in reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Rama Seshu D , Manjula Ch. , Rao T.D.G , Rao C.B.K.
Published: January 2023

The present practice of using shear reinforcement in the form of stirrups, which go round near to the periphery in reinforced concrete beams, leaves the core zone of the cross-section, where there is the existence of high shear stress, un-reinforced. This leads to sudden appearance and propagation of cracks, leading to brittle failures under shear. This paper presents an experimental study on the new way of using the welded wire mesh [WWM] for resisting shear in reinforced concrete members. The method consists of using a prefabricated mesh such as welded wire mesh as core zone reinforcement, placed longitudinally apart from conventional rectangular stirrups/ties. The study indicated improved performance compared to the shear resistance of RC beams with conventional stirrups.
The proposition of implementing the lean construction concept based on normalized quality management systems in the organizations operating in the construction industry
Authors: Bugdol Marek , Goranczewski B , Kądzielawski Grzegorz , Pakuła Grzegorz
Published: January 2023

The paper discusses the results of research on the maturity of the quality management system, implemented in selected organizations operating in the construction industry in terms of the possibility of introducing the concept of lean construction. Multiple studies have indicated the potential benefits which organizations may gain by applying lean principles, e.g. decreased costs, reduced construction time, and wastefulness. The aim of this paper is to develop a proposition – main tasks, of implementing the lean construction concept based on normalized quality management systems, in organizations operating in the construction industry. The research was carried out using documentation analysis, interviews, and a self-assessment method, consistent with ISO 9004. Its results confirm earlier findings e.g. (1, 2), according to which quality management systems may serve as the foundation for implementation of lean construction. However, it is vital to take the specific nature of the construction business into account, especially the fact that the construction works are connected with particular sources of wastefulness (3).
Xonoltlite aggregate – part II. Properties of synthesis products
Authors: Dudek Karolina , Podwórny Jacek
Published: January 2023

The aim of the work was to obtain crystalline xonotlite from cheap and commonly available raw materials, such as hydrated burnt lime and quartz flour, and properties of synthesis products. Crystalline xonotlite, without any unwanted carbonate phases, was only obtained after applying a protective atmosphere during on-going synthesis for 10 and 24 hours, at a pressure of 3 MPa. The product of autoclaving displays thermal stability up to 700°C and after exceeding this temperature, it is gradually dehydroxylated, and next, transformed into the low-temperature polymorphous form of wollastonite. The obtained xonotlite is characterized by slight thermal expansion, indicating its good dimensional stability up to a temperature of crystallization of wollastonite, reaching about 800°C, which makes it a good half-product for the production of light insulating materials.
Very high strength Na2SiO3 and NaOH activated fly ash based geopolymer mortar
Authors: Atabey İsmail İsa , Karahan Okan , Bilim Cahit , Atiş Cengiz Duran
Published: January 2023

The paper presents the results of research of high-strength geo-polymer mortars, prepared from two types of siliceous fly ash. Sodium hydroxide and mixtures of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate in the form of solutions were used as activators. The activator was added in amounts ranging from 6 to 15% NaOH in relation to the ash mass. After preparation, the mortars were cured at the temperature of 60ºC, 80ºC or 100ºC for various times, from 24 hours to 7 days. Increasing the addition of sodium or a higher curing temperature increase the flexural and compressive strength of the tested mortars. The best results - compressive and flexural strength of 100 MPa and 20 MPa, respectively, were obtained for mortar activated with 15% sodium hydroxide, cured at 100°C for 24 hours. Blended activator – sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide also allowed to obtain high strengths, but lower than sodium hydroxide alone. Extending the curing time at high temperature beyond 24 hours did not produce favourable results in most cases. Fly ash geopolymer mortar, activated with 15% NaOH by mass of ash, cured at 100°C for 24 hours, showed about 18% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to common Portland cement mortar.
Experimental study on mechanical properties of concrete with marble dust
Authors: Bazrafkan Aryan , Habibi Alireza , Sayari Arash
Published: January 2023

This study aims to investigate the extensive test data on the mix design and mechanical properties of concrete by replacing parts of fine aggregates with marble dust. A full factorial experiment with 180 cubic samples of 30 mixes was used. The effects of water/cement ratio: 0.4, 0.45 and 0.5, marble dust/sand ratio: 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2, superplasticizer/cement ratio: 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1, and fineness modulus of sand [FM = 2.4 and FM = 3] on slump, 28-day compressive strength and depth of water penetration were determined. The results indicate that the proposed ratios can be used to enable the design of a concrete mix that corresponds to its required performance
Belite in cements with low emission of CO2 during clinker formation
Authors: Gawlicki Marek
Published: January 2023

The damage of concrete was characterized by the permeability evolution due to cyclic water freezing. The measurements have been performed on concrete specimens with different water-cement ratios [w/c = 0.4 and 0.5] without air-entraining admixtures. The change of compressive strength was also controlled along with freezing cycles. The alteration of pore size distribution was investigated for cement mortars [w/c = 0.4 and 0.5] by means of mercury intrusion porosimetry test. In the case of w/c = 0.50, one can observe an increase in transport parameters such as the intrinsic permeability coefficient. For w/c = 0.40, it can be noticed a lack of ice-induced microstructure degradation. With the increasing number of freeze and thaw cycles, no further destruction of the transport properties was noticed.
The influence of ground waste glass cullet addition on the compressive strength and microstructure of Portland cement pastes and mortars
Authors: Gołek Łukasz , Szudek Wojciech , Błądek Monika , Cięciwa Monika
Published: January 2023

The paper presents a study on the infl uence of ground waste glass cullet, introduced as a component of Portland cements in the amounts of 5% and 35% by mass, on the properties of pastes and mortars. The pozzolanic nature of the additive was confirmed – the long-term compressive strength of cement composites has incre-ased, compared to the reference sample. However, a decrease in the early compressive strength was observed. Replacing part of the Portland clinker with ground waste glass cullet resulted in the reduction of the heat of hydration. It was determined that the degree of grinding has a signifi cant impact on the activity of waste glass cullet – in the case of the cullet ground to 5000 cm2/g, the beginning of the pozzolanic reaction was observed after 7 days, whereas for the cullet ground to 3000 cm2/g, the reaction was severely delayed. In the course of one year, no negative impact of the alkali-silica reaction on the strength and microstructure of mortars and pastes was observed, however, a longer study needs to be conducted to verify the results. The research proves that waste glass cullet can be potentially used as a main component of Portland cements, with no adverse effects on the properties of the composites.
The effect of size and shape of aggregate on compressive strength and ductility of concrete
Authors: Darvishvand Hamid Reza , Taghia Seiyed Ali Haj Seiyed , Ebrahimi Masood
Published: January 2023

The issue of the size and shape of the aggregates in concrete is one of the most challenging subjects in the building industry, in order to reach maximum strength and ductility. To investigate this issue, two types of aggregate were selected. One was the river aggregate - gravel with rounded grains and the second was a crushed stone with sharp-edged grains, both with the maximum sizes of 9.5, 12.5, 19, and 25 mm respectively. The cement content was 250, 350, 450, and 550 kg/m3, and the water to cement ratio was equal to 0.4. At first, the compressive strength and stress-strain relationship were examined. According to the test results, the compressive strength increases with increasing cement content, as expected. The aggregate with the largest grain size of 12.5 mm gives the highest compressive strength and ductility compared to other grain sizes and it was selected as the optimal choice and finally, the sharp-edged aggregates have higher compressive strength and ductility in comparing to the rounded grain aggregates.
Analysis of the environmental impact of the production of building gypsum using natural and flue gas desulfurization gypsum in the Polish context
Authors: Czernik Sebastian , Hynowski Mariusz , Michałowski Bartosz , Michalak Jacek , Piasecki Michał , Tomaszewska Justyna
Published: January 2023

The production of construction products is associated with energy and raw materials consumption, including those of natural origin. Their use is associated with the generation of significant quantity of waste and the emission of greenhouse gases. Therefore, for the sustainable development of civilization, it is essential to reduce the environmental impact of construction products. Gypsum is one of the primary mineral binders, commonly used in construction. The study compares the effect on the environment of building gypsum made of natural raw materials and gypsum obtained in the flue gas desulfurization process. Nine environmental impact indicators were analyzed: global warming potential – GWP, stratospheric ozone layer depletion potential – ODP, soil and water acidification potential – AP, eutrophication potential – EP, tropospheric ozone formation potential – POCP, abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources – ADP-elements and fossil resources-ADP-fossil fuels, total use of renewable primary energy resources – PERT and total use of non-renewable primary energy resources – PENRT. Higher values of all considered indicators were obtained for building gypsum made of raw material from flue gas desulfurization processes. The environmental impact assessment was carried out using the Life Cycle Assessment [LCA] method and actual production data from 2017. The life cycle analyzed in this paper covered modules from A1 to A3, i.e., from the extraction/acquisition of raw materials to the finished product, delivered to the factory gate.
Effect of flakiness of coarse aggregate on concrete
Authors: Karahan Süleyman , Güneyli Hakan , Güneyli Aslıhan
Published: January 2023

The effect of flakiness, one of the shape property of aggregate on concrete, is not an issue sufficiently clarified. In addition, there are no satisfactorily detailed limitations for flakiness on a global scale. This study, in which limestone was used as an aggregate, describes the dependence of flakiness on the concrete behaviour both in the fresh and hardened state. In this context, slump tests in the fresh state and compressive strength tests in the hardened state at 7, 28 and 60 days were carried out using concrete mixes prepared in the same design and with different fl akiness percentages. An increase of flaky particle fraction in coarse aggregate caused flocculation and segregation leading to the inhomogeneity of concrete mix. The slump of the mix decreased markedly as the flakiness increased, and an increase in flakiness by 25% resulted in an average reduction of 18 mm in the slump value. The test results indicated that the compressive strength of concrete decreased significantly with increasing flakiness. According to these negative linear relationships with strong correlation coefficients, an increase in the flaky coarse particles by 25% led to a decrease in compressive strength of average 0.9, 0.4 and 1.2 MPa for the curing times of 7, 28 and 60 days, respectively. Furthermore, the increase in flakiness enhanced particularly the range and standard deviation of compressive strength values with the same flakiness percentage, which this trend was most pronounced and meaningful at 60 days. This phenomenon exhibits that the differences and uncertainty in the compressive strength of the concrete specimens with the same flakiness percentage, increase distinctly with the increase in the flakiness.
Unground granulated slag as a substitute for natural aggregate during concrete production
Authors: Wang Ru , Xi Ziyan , Wang Gaoyong
Published: January 2023

Styrene-butadiene copolymer [SB] modified cement-based materials are widely used, but the addition of SB can delay the setting and hardening of cement, which limits its application in some projects. In this paper, nanosilica was selected as the modifying component to study its influence on the early hydration, setting and hardening of SB/cement composite material. By measuring the setting time and early strength of nanosilica modified SB/cement composite material, the influence of nanosilica on the setting and hardening process of composite cementitious material was analyzed. The hydration heat of nanosilica modified SB/cement composite material was determined by isothermal calorimetry, and its hydration products were examined by X-ray diffraction, so as to analyze the influence of nanosilica on the early hydration process of composite cementitious material. The results show that the addition of nanosilica can effectively promote the setting and hardening process of composite cementitious material, and the higher the dosage is, the more significant the effect is. It also indicates that addition of nanosilica accelerates the formation of ettringite and calcium hydroxide, by promoting the hydration of tricalcium aluminate and tricalcium silicate. Shortens the hydration induction period and acceleration period of the composite cementitious material and accelerates the hydration process, thereby shortening the setting time and increasing the early strength.
Erratum to: “The truth about the geopolymers” S. Grzeszczyk, Cement Wapno Beton, 26(3) (2021), 101 – 108
Authors: Grzeszczyk Stefania
Published: January 2023

In my article “The truth about geopolymers” by S. Grzeszczyk, Cement Wapno Beton, 26 (3) (2021), 101-108, there is an information I would like to rectify. There is a sentence: “Industrial application of geopolymers in Poland is limited to the activity of professor Maolepszy, who used this binder of blast furnace slag activated with NaOH addition to the construction of the students’ hotel, in Cracow.” It should be: “The activity of professor Małolepszy includes the use of a slag-alkali binder, in which the activator was sodium carbonate. This material was used for the manufacturing of precast concrete units of the” Żerań “type, of which a building was erected in the 1970s in the area of the “Prefabet” company in Kraków, Poland. This building was examined for twenty years in terms of concrete strength and durability. In practice, a total of about 100 thousand cubic meters of slag-alkali concrete has been used in Poland.”
An Economical Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) prepared with fine quarry sand and a nominal amount of PVA fibers
Authors: Khan Fasih Ahmed , Khan Sajjad Wali , Said Imad , Hussain Shabir
Published: January 2023

The production of conventional engineered cementitious composites – ECC consumes low-volume and expensive ultrafine silica sand [UFSS] – maximum size 250 μm, which negatively affecting dry shrinkage, cost and practical application of ECC. This study develops an economical ECC featuring ordinary quarry sand [QS] with a lower fineness modulus – FM = 2.2 and a maximum particle size of 2350 μm. The quarry sand particle size was ten times greater, and the price was 30 times lower than UFSS. The experimental finding was shown that ECC prepared with QS exhibited the strain hardening phenomenon, with multiple cracks produced, before failure. The performance of QS was also checked under different temperature regimes, and a minor decrease in the mass density and compressive strength was observed, up to 200°C. After 200°C, a significant decrease in compressive strength was found, due to the melting of the PVA fibers.
Particles spasing of supplementary cementitious materials in binary blended cements
Authors: Marchetti Guillermina , Di Salvo Barsi Antonella , Rahhal Viviana , Irassar Egdardo
Published: January 2023

The effect of limestone filler [LF], dolomite filler [DF], metakaolin [MK], and metaillite [MI] additives on the packing density of the binary blended cements were studied using of the water film thickness [WFT] and the optimal water demand [OWD]. The influence of these supplementary cementitious materials [SCM] on the flowability of cement pastes and mortars was analyzed and the compressive strength of mortars was discussed. The results indicate that the incorporation of these SCM on the packing density is highly related to the particle size distribution and the optimal addition of SCM to the blended cements, assures maximum packing density. The effects on flowability not only depend on packing density but of the surface area of particles and the addition of SCM enhance the compressive strength of the mortars.
Contemporary challenges of science and technology – selected reflections
Authors: Furtak Kazimierz
Published: January 2023

Modern challenges of science and technology should not be considered in isolation from the past and changes that have taken place over the centuries. They have occurred in different ways in various periods of human history and in various spheres of human activity, including technology. The changes also concern construction and construction materials. All changes have been stimulated by, inter alia, science and they, in turn, have determined and stimulated the development of science. The soaring growth in science and technological development result in a rising social awareness of increasing and new issues both technological and social that must be addressed. At the present stage of civilisation evelopment, they cannot be solved separately. The environmental and energy impacts must also be included. Special attention was focused on construction materials and products, as well as technological aspects including the application of 3D printing technology in construction. They all belong to the development of civilisation in a broad sense. In construction, there is room for traditional materials and technologies and their new versions with the primacy, however, of new generation materials. The need to apply the achievements in disciplines other than construction has been emphasised.
Synthesis of novel chitosan/modified zeolite nanocomposites and their effect on the mechanical properties of cement mortars
Authors: Karakuş Selcan , Sanrı Karapınar Işıl , Pehlivan Onur , Özsoy Özbay Ayşe Elif , Yazgan Utku
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a novel nanocomposite containing biodegradable chitosan [CS] and modified zeolite [mZeo] was introduced as a cement eco-nano additive and its effects on the mechanical properties of cement mortars were evaluated. The proposed nanocomposite was prepared by using a synergistic sonication-microwave method. The surface morphology and chemical compositions of mZeo and CS/ mZeo nanocomposites were determined using SEM, FTIR, XRF, and BET. Compressive and flexural strength of cement mortars containing mZeo and CS/mZeo in ratios of 0%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% by mass, were investigated. Experimental results showed a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of mortars containing the proposed nanocomposite. The use of nanoscale zeolite in cementitious composites was attempted for the first time within this study and the results so far have been very promising. Therefore, it is concluded that the proposed nanocomposite has great potential to be used as an alternative eco-nano additive, for cementitious composites.
Performance of concrete containing recycled masks used for personal protection during SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Koniorczyk Marcin , Bednarsk Dalia , Nattaj Omrani Iman Abbasi , Masek Anna , Cichosz Stefan
Published: January 2023

Alongside with all its difficulties and tragic consequences, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has also caused a drastic increase in the amount of the generated healthcare wastes. Healthcare wastes can accelerate the further spread of the virus and threaten the health of citizens and the environment. In order to deal with this lateral problem of the on-going pandemic, face-mask wastes were processed and recycled in concrete materials. The objective of this research was to investigate the influences of recycled facemask products on the performance of concrete. To do so, the compressive and splitting tensile strength tests were performed to assess the mechanical behaviour of concrete with and without of the recycled facemask products. Moreover, gas permeability test was conducted on the designed samples before and after exposure to fire temperature, to verify whether the proposed addition provides a similar effect like conventional polypropylene fibres, or not. The results were supplemented with the heat of cement hydration measurements.
The infl uence of cement on the environmental performance of construction products on the example of cementitious adhesives – External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems [ETICS] components
Authors: Czernik Sebastian , Michałowski Bartosz , Tomaszewska Justyna , Michalak Jacek
Published: January 2023

The construction sector is one of the branches of the economy with a significant impact on the environment. It uses a vast amount of different raw materials. Also, it produces substantial amounts of waste and emits high amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Reducing the energy consumption and emissivity of buildings, decarbonizing existing energy sources, optimizing the use of renewable energy, and minimizing the carbon footprint of materials and construction works are imperative to counteract climate change. It is also a minimum plan for ensuring sustainable social development. The current environmental policy in the construction sector is insufficient and it results from the legal regulations currently in force. Assessment of construction products for the seventh basic requirement, sustainable use of natural resources, is voluntary and almost always neglected. Assessment tools, such as Type III Environmental Product Declarations [EPDs] for construction products, are not widely used. Moreover, these documents are poorly recognizable among consumers, proving that there is still insufficient environmental awareness. In addition, the emerging differences in environmental impact indicators values specified in environmental declarations, resulting from using differentiated approaches in setting system boundaries or the quality of available generic data, do not support the proper development of knowledge about the impact of construction products on the environment. In this work, an analysis of the environmental impact of cement, which is a component of adhesives used in the External Thermal Insulation Composite System [ETICS], was carried out. The study on four indicators, i.e., global warming potential [GWP], soil and water acidification potential [AP], eutrophication potential [EP], and tropospheric ozone formation potential [POCP], was performed.
An integrated approach in selecting the optimal insulation plaster mortar series
Authors: Demir Abdullah
Published: January 2023

In this study, an integrated approach by Taguchi, Analytic Hierarchy Process [AHP] and Simple Additive Weighting [SAW] method was proposed to find out the optimal insulation plaster mortar series, based on multiple criteria. Firstly, Taguchi method was applied to define the experimental design plan, with the factors of cement, lime, dolomite and perlite in three levels for each with L9 orthogonal design. Then, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive strength, bond strength, capillarity water absorption and thermal conductivity experiments, were made according to the design. The importance weights of criteria were obtained by AHP and the scores of the series were calculated by SAW method. The factors’ optimum levels were obtained based on the scores and the optimal series was proposed.
Effect of fly ash and bagasse ash on the mechanical properties of light weight concrete
Authors: Gunasekaran M , Palanisamy T.
Published: January 2023

Light weight concrete is an important part in the concrete technology. The use of mineral additives in light-weight concrete, to replace fine aggregate with fly ash and bagasse ash, helps to reduce the cement content. The present investigation aims to meet the performance of light weight concrete, by adding fly ash and bagasse ash, as fine aggregate replacement additives. The strength properties such as cube compressive strength, cylinder compressive strength and split tensile strength were investigated after different ages, to find the optimum addition of mineral additives such as fly ash and bagasse ash, in concrete. The strengths were compared and the optimal replacement level of cement with fly ash and bagasse ash was found. The cylinder compressive strength and split tensile strength of light weight concrete were measured, at the same replacement levels of mineral additives, at the age of 28 days curing. The mathematical equations were proposed to achieve cube compressive and tensile strengths, cylinder compressive and tensile strength and cube compressive and cylinder compressive strengths, concerning typical strength.
Formation of geopolymeric materials properties depending on the molar modules of SiO2/Al2O3 and SiO2/Na2O
Authors: Sikora Szymon , Skowera Karol , Hynowski Mariusz , Rusin Zbigniew
Published: January 2023

The construction sector is responsible for around 37% of global emissions of the carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Therefore, reducing gas emissions, in this construction sector, is particularly important ,given the progressing climate change. For this reason, limiting its emissions and limiting the emission of other greenhouse gases in this sector, is of particular importance in view of the progress of climate change. It is important that new construction products have less impact on the environment during their entire life cycle, and their production has been decoupled from the use of primary energy. In this work, selected properties of geopolymeric materials were examined. Geopolymers are inorganic aluminosilicate polymers with an amorphous microstructure, which may be an alternative in certain applications, for products based on Portland cement. Here, the properties of geopolymer mortars, i.e. porosity, microstructure and mechanical strength, were compared. The influence of the composition of reaction mixture on these properties, defined by the appropriate SiO2/Al2O3 and SiO2/Na2O molar ratios, was also defined. The results show that increasing the content of SiO2 in relation to Al2O3 in the composition of the reaction mixture, reduces porosity. Thus, leading to a more compact microstructure and higher mechanical strength. A similar effect occurs when a higher NaOH solution concentration is used, in comparison to the sodium silicate [Na2SiO3] solution.