bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pattern formation from gauge/gravity duality
Authors: Xia Chuan-Yin , Zeng Hua-Bi
Published: January 2025

In the framework of the AdS/CFT correspondence, we find a neutral complex scalar field dynamics in a 2+1-dimensional black hole background which can provide a scheme for studying the pattern formation process in 1+1-dimensional reaction-diffusion systems. The patterns include plane wave, defect turbulence, phase turbulence, spatiotemporal intermittency where defect chaos coexists with a stable plane wave, and coherent structures. A phase diagram is obtained by studying the linear instability of the plane wave solutions to determine the onset of the holographic version of the Benjamin-Feir-Newell instability. Near the critical temperature, the holographic model is dual to the one-dimensional complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE), which has been studied extensively in reaction-diffusion systems, while at low temperature the holographic theory is different from CGLE.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Search for
hb(2P)→γχbJ(1P)
at
s=10.860  GeV
Authors: Boschetti A. , Mussa R. , Tamponi U. , Adachi I. , Aihara H. , Asner D. M. , Aushev T. , Ayad R. , Banerjee Sw. , Belous K. , Bennett J. , Bessner M. , Biswas D. , Bobrov A. , Bodrov D. , Bozek A. , Bračko M. , Branchini P. , Browder T. E. , Budano A. , Chang M.-C. , Cheon B. G. , Chilikin K. , Cho K. , Choi S.-K. , Choi Y. , Choudhury S. , De Nardo G. , De Pietro G. , Dhamija R. , Di Capua F. , Doležal Z. , Dong T. V. , Ecker P. , Epifanov D. , Ferlewicz D. , Fulsom B. G. , Garg R. , Gaur V. , Garmash A. , Giri A. , Goldenzweig P. , Graziani E. , Gu T. , Guan Y. , Gudkova K. , Hadjivasiliou C. , Hara T. , Hayasaka K. , Hayashii H. , Hazra S. , Hou W.-S. , Hsu C.-L. , Inami K. , Ipsita N. , Itoh R. , Iwasaki M. , Jacobs W. W. , Jin Y. , Kawasaki T. , Kiesling C. , Kim C. H. , Kim D. Y. , Kim K.-H. , Kim Y.-K. , Kinoshita K. , Kodyš P. , Korpar S. , Kovalenko E. , Križan P. , Krokovny P. , Kumar R. , Kumara K. , Kwon Y.-J. , Lam T. , Levit D. , Li L. K. , Li Y. B. , Li Gioi L. , Liventsev D. , Ma Y. , Masuda M. , Matsuda T. , Matvienko D. , Meier F. , Merola M. , Miyabayashi K. , Mizuk R. , Mohanty G. B. , Nakao M. , Natkaniec Z. , Natochii A. , Nayak L. , Nayak M. , Nishida S. , Ogawa S. , Ono H. , Pakhlova G. , Park J. , Park S.-H. , Passeri A. , Patra S. , Paul S. , Pedlar T. K. , Pestotnik R. , Piilonen L. E. , Podobnik T. , Prencipe E. , Prim M. T. , Rout N. , Russo G. , Sandilya S. , Santelj L. , Savinov V. , Schnell G. , Schwanda C. , Seino Y. , Senyo K. , Shan W. , Shen C. P. , Shiu J.-G. , Sokolov A. , Solovieva E. , Starič M. , Sumihama M. , Takizawa M. , Tanida K. , Tenchini F. , Tiwary R. , Uchida M. , Unno Y. , Uno S. , Vinokurova A. , Wang E. , Wang M.-Z. , Wang X. L. , Won E. , Yabsley B. D. , Yelton J. , Yin J. H. , Yook Y. , Yuan L. ,   Belle Collaboration
Published: January 2025

In the bottomonium sector, the hindered magnetic dipole transitions between P-wave states hb(2P)→χbJ(1P)γ, J=0, 1, 2, are expected to be severely suppressed according to the relativized quark model, due to the spin flip of the b quark. Nevertheless, a recent model following the coupled-channel approach predicts the corresponding branching fractions to be enhanced by orders of magnitude. In this Letter, we report the first search for such transitions. We find no significant signals and set upper limits at 90% confidence level on the corresponding branching fractions: B[hb(2P)→γχb0(1P)]<2.7×10−1, B[hb(2P)→γχb1(1P)]<5.4×10−3 and B[hb(2P)→γχb2(1P)]<1.3×10−2. These values help to constrain the parameters of the coupled-channel models. The results are obtained using a 121.4  fb−1 data sample taken around s=10.860  GeV with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
High-Temperature QCD Static Potential beyond Leading Order
Authors: Carrington Margaret E. , Manuel Cristina , Soto Joan
Published: January 2025

We calculate the leading and next-to-leading corrections to the real-time QCD static potential in a high-temperature medium in the region where bound states transit from narrow resonances to wide ones. We find sizable contributions to both the real and the imaginary part of the potential. The calculation involves both loop diagrams calculated in the hard thermal loop effective theory and power corrections to the hard thermal loop Lagrangian calculated in QCD. We compare our results with recent lattice data and check the consistency of different methods used in lattice calculations. We also discuss the usefulness of our results to guide lattice inputs.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Influence tactics of broadcasters and consumer purchase intention on live streaming social commerce: approach-avoidance motivation theory
Authors: Dang-Van Thac , Nguyen Nguyen Phong
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study uses the approach-avoidance motivation theory (AAMT) to investigate how various influence tactics used by broadcasters affect consumers’ promotion focus and purchase intention in the context of live-streaming social commerce. This study also examines the moderating role of broadcasters’ physical appearance in the relationship between consumer promotion focus and purchase intention.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 810 consumers on the Taobao live-streaming platform in China. Multivariate techniques and structural equation modeling were used to analyze data and test the research hypotheses.

Findings

Results indicate that both rational and emotional influence tactics positively influence consumers’ promotion focus and purchase intention. However, the influences of coercive tactics are mixed: while promise tactics positively influence consumers’ promotion focus and purchase intention, threat tactics have a negative affect. Furthermore, broadcasters’ physical appearance positively moderates the relationship between consumers’ promotion focus and purchase intention.

Originality/value

This study extends the AAMT by proposing and empirically testing a novel model that explains the effects of broadcasters’ influence tactics and physical appearance on consumer behavior within live-streaming social commerce. The findings provide new insights into how broadcasters’ strategies and attributes drive consumers’ positive motivation and behaviors. These insights are valuable for academic researchers and business managers in making informed decisions about recruiting and using broadcasters to achieve favorable consumer outcomes in live-streaming social commerce.
Nonfamily executives in family firms and dividend payout: evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Amin Ali , Ali Rizwan , Ur Rehman Ramiz , Elamer Ahmed A.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The strategic behavior of family firms is not the same when the top management positions are occupied by nonfamily executives. This study aims to examine the dividend payout behavior of family firms in the presence of nonfamily chairperson and nonfamily chief executive officer (CEO).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used 2,926 firm-year observations of nonfinancial firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange over the period 2012–2021. To test the hypotheses, the authors used a generalized method of moments estimation and further applied ordinary least squares regression and fixed effects analysis to check for the robustness of results.

Findings

Using the lens of social identity theory, the authors found that for the sake of a firm’s reputation and to increase the wealth of family, the family firms are associated with higher dividend payout. However, the presence of nonfamily chairperson and nonfamily CEO weakens this positive relationship due to higher information asymmetry leading to lower dividend payout in such firms.

Originality/value

The study adds to the family business literature by highlighting the dividend payout behavior of family firms and providing empirical evidence of distinct behavior of family firms in presence of nonfamily chairperson and nonfamily CEO in context of an emerging economy.
TVET is under-resourced and held in low regard? Teachers’ perceptions of TVET in Bangladesh
Authors: Shimu Skeikh Shahana , Haolader Faruque A.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This article seeks to delve into the underlying causes contributing to the marginalized societal perception of TVET in Bangladesh. Focusing on the significant challenges faced by TVET despite its substantial enrollment at the secondary level, the study aims to investigate the root factors responsible for the prevalent negative perception surrounding TVET. This research endeavors to uncover insights into the reasons behind the low societal status and under-resource attributed to TVET in Bangladesh.

Design/methodology/approach

This article emanates from the “Skills for Industry” research project, a cross-country comparative study focusing on vital economic sectors, crucial to each country’s GDP. Employing an interpretative qualitative methodology, the study employs an inductive thematic approach to delve into the social perspective on TVET through the lens of TVET educators. A series of face-to-face interviews involving 18 TVET teachers were conducted, utilizing a semi-structured questionnaire to gather qualitative data.

Findings

The study reveals pivotal challenges undermining the societal perception and efficacy of TVET in Bangladesh. These encompass issues such as inadequate salary structures in private sectors, the absence of defined career paths, entrenched social stigmas labeling TVET as “laborers” jobs, hindrances to familial acceptance and substantial shortcomings in curriculum, affordability, training facilities, infrastructure, equipment and resource allocation, collectively impeding the effectiveness and societal embrace of TVET programs.

Research limitations/implications

It must be pointed out here that this study’s focus on teacher perspectives constitutes a limitation, as broader insights from diverse stakeholders would provide a more comprehensive understanding of TVET and its social acceptability across Bangladesh. Future research should involve a wider range of stakeholders, including students, employers and policymakers, to further enhance our understanding of TVET’s role in meeting industry needs and societal expectations.

Originality/value

The originality of this study lies in exploring teachers' perceptions of TVET in Bangladesh, focusing on its under-resourcing and societal stigma. It highlights systemic challenges, including cultural and institutional barriers, offering valuable insights into improving the status of TVET, resource allocation, and alignment with national development goals for sustainable economic growth.
The impact of search engine optimization and website engagement towards customer buying behaviour
Authors: Al-Haraizah Ahed , Abdelfattah Fadi Abdelmuniem , Rehman Shafique Ur , Ismaeel Bader , Mufleh Monira , Omeish Fandi Yousef
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to explore how search engine optimization (SEO), website interaction and the moderating influence of customer relationship management can impact customer purchasing behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

Taking an analytical approach, the study technique was chosen to examine how search SEO and website engagement with the presence of social customer relationship management (SCRM) enhance customer buying behaviour. Statistical software was used to analyse the data collected through a questionnaire and descriptively analyse the participant’s demographics. Variables were examined via partial least squares (PLS) algorithm and bootstrapping using PLS statistical software.

Findings

The key findings underscore the significance of optimizing search engines and engaging website visitors, which can impact purchasing decisions. In addition, evidence shows that SCRM plays a moderating role, in SEO, website engagement and customer purchasing behaviour. Optimizing search engines and engaging website visitors are marketing elements as they can enhance a company’s website visibility and rankings, attract more online visitors who position the company as an industry leader and ultimately boost its return on investment.

Originality/value

As the internet and online platforms continue to grow, businesses are increasingly looking to optimize their online presence to reach their target audiences and improve their visibility in search engine rankings. This study provides valuable insights for businesses seeking to optimize their online strategies and reach their target audiences more effectively. Furthermore, it provides data for marketers, freelancers, SEO and companies about the customer’s behaviour within the Omani market to improve websites user experience and optimize the loading speed and ease of navigation.
Banking reputation and its impact on stock markets: a big data analysis through online comments
Authors: Casado-Molina Ana-María , Rojas-de-Gracia María-Mercedes , Alarcón-Urbistondo Pilar , Ramos Célia M.Q.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Given the substantial number of social conversations on the Internet, companies must remain vigilant about protecting their reputations and businesses. The purpose of this research is to measure the impact on share prices of reputational variables, measured through online comments, at the banking sector level as well as patterns of behavior between these variables and fluctuations in share prices.

Design/methodology/approach

Using big data and business intelligence techniques, bank reputation was analyzed through online social comments. The sample includes seven Spanish banks. To measure the impact of reputational variables on share prices, an Online Reputation Index was created. These variables were then correlated and filtered with the share price variation rate of each bank on a daily basis under two scenarios: using all share price data and also focusing on times of sharp fluctuations. Finally, multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify patterns in these relationships.

Findings

The findings reveal that negative comments focusing on attitude, emotions and governance experiences – particularly regarding ethical performance – are the only reputational variables with a clear impact on share price fluctuations in the banking sector. Strong correlations between reputation variables and share prices were observed only when online comments were extremely negative. These behaviors were more frequent during periods of significant price fluctuations.

Originality/value

This is the first study to analyze the impact of the reputation of the banking sector measured in the online environment on share price, taking into account its multidimensional construct.
Assessing the competency of compliance officer knowledge in mitigating terrorism financing risks: Malaysian perspective
Authors: Ismail Noor Haslina , Syed Mustapha Nazri Sharifah Nazatul Faiza , Zolkaflil Salwa
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Terrorism had a profound impact on the global economy, society and security. Malaysia encountered a comparable scenario in the Movida attack. The availability of funds is a crucial determinant for successful terrorist activities. Hence, a guideline was introduced to deal with terrorism financing. As reporting institutions, the compliance officers are the gatekeepers to report any suspicious transaction related to money laundering and terrorism financing. However, lack of study has looked into the role of the compliance officer in reporting potential terrorism financing activities. Hence, this study aims to examine the factors that influence terrorism financing reporting, focusing on terrorism financing policy, terrorism financing red flags and the integrity of the officers.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 120 responses were collected among the compliance officers and 91 responses were analyzed using multiple regression analysis.

Findings

Findings show that only terrorism financing policy and terrorism financing red flags influence suspicious transaction reporting among the compliance officers. Hence, there is a need to focus on officer’s competency, by enhancing the training module, especially on the latest terrorism financing trends and red flags.

Practical implications

This will help the compliance officers to be more competent in fulfilling their role as the reporting entity because their roles are vital in preventing terrorism financing.

Originality/value

This study focuses on terrorism financing risk assessment, which is different from prior literature that focuses on money laundering risk assessment. Owing to lack of prior studies, the questionnaire developed in the study was made based on guidelines provided by the authority and regulator.
The role of psychological comfort with service robot reminders: a dyadic field study
Authors: Merx Quincy , Steins Mark , Odekerken Gaby
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to propose a service robot option to address shortages of human frontline employees (FLEs) in long-term care (LTC) service settings. With a field study, the authors investigate the effect of psychological comfort with robot reminders of LTC residents and human FLEs on acceptance and attentive engagement, ultimately resulting in effort and willingness to interact with the service robot. The outcomes provide valuable insights into human-robot interaction in the LTC sector.

Design/methodology/approach

The 45 residents and 49 human FLEs who participated in the field study completed a survey measuring various perceptual variables after deploying a service robot.

Findings

Both the residents’ sample and the FLE sample demonstrate that psychological comfort with robot reminders increases robot acceptance. This increased acceptance evokes greater attentive engagement, ultimately leading to a higher willingness to exert effort to interact with the service robots.

Research limitations/implications

This study highlights service robots with well-received reminder functions and the ability to prompt efforts by both residents and employees during their implementation at LTC services. The findings suggest further research avenues for designing service robots that can be effectively integrated.

Originality/value

This study leverages a service robot in a field study involving LTC residents and human FLEs rather than hypothetical scenarios, which is rather limited in current studies. The findings are both timely and relevant, considering the gradual implementation of service robots into LTC services.
Digital literacy skills for students with visual and hearing impairments in Kenyan public universities
Authors: Luvale Beatrice Nasimiyu
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the accessibility and availability of digital resources by assessing the digital literacy status and information access infrastructure for students with visual and hearing impairments in public universities in Kenya. This research sought to identify the challenges encountered by students with visual and hearing impairments in their pursuit of knowledge and education and ultimately provide valuable insights and recommendations on improving digital literacy, ensuring equal opportunities for access and benefits from online educational materials and resources, thereby promoting inclusivity and enhancing the learning experiences of these students.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used mixed research design to sample, collect and analyze data with a target of 35 public universities in Kenya from which five universities were sampled using convenient sampling. The sample population included 32 respondents selected purposively. Of these, 7 chief university librarians and 25 digital librarians where selected to provide data on key digital literacy skills and digital information access procedures of the universities. Data was collected using open and closed-ended questionnaires that were distributed using Google Forms. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the quantitative data, while content analysis and Microsoft Excel and SPSS data analysis tool to analyze qualitatively.

Findings

The findings of this study established that there are few students with visual and hearing impairments in public universities in Kenya. Moreover, the findings further indicated that even though university librarians are aware and are fully participating in disability mainstreaming, there is a need to review the current policies to optimize the use of ICT, assistive technologies, digital literacy and specific training of staff to enable seamless information access for students with visual and hearing impairments.

Originality/value

This research is unique in its focus on assessing digital literacy skills for students with visual and hearing impairments in public universities in Kenya. While other studies have concentrated on digital literacy skills among the general student population, this study sheds light on the challenges faced by visually and hearing-impaired students in accessing digital information through online platforms. By examining digital literacy skills among these students, this study provides a fresh perspective on ensuring inclusivity.
Value co-creation: a metatheory unifying framework and fundamental propositions
Authors: Saha Victor , Hollebeek Linda D. , Venkatesh Mani , Goyal Praveen , Clark Moira
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Value co-creation (VCC) represents actors’ joint, communal or shared value-creating processes. However, while existing research has advanced important VCC-based insight, the use of differing metatheoretical lenses to study VCC incurs a risk of theoretical fragmentation, thus potentially hampering this research stream’s continued development. We, therefore, undertake an in-depth review of the corpus of VCC research that focuses on its common conceptual underpinnings as anchored in differing perspectives.

Design/methodology/approach

To explore this objective, we undertake an extensive review of extant VCC literature, based on which we develop an integrative conceptual framework of VCC.

Findings

We propose an integrative, metatheory-unifying definition and framework of VCC that reflect its core hallmarks and dynamics across its adopted theoretical perspectives. Based on the framework, we also derive a set of fundamental propositions (FPs) that synthesize VCC’s core tenets.

Research limitations/implications

VCC conceptualizations grounded in differing metatheoretical perspectives reveal the concept’s core interactive, value-creating nature across metatheoretical perspectives. Though VCC emanates from interactivity between any actor constellation, unifying different metatheories of VCC uncovers important insight.

Practical implications

The study suggests that for effective value co-creation, managers need to establish agreed-upon institutional arrangements, facilitate positive actor relationships and experiences and address challenges like collaboration, transparency, empathy and skill development while ensuring that affective, cognitive, economic and social dimensions of success are met for all actors involved. Successful initiatives require seamless communication, mutual understanding, cost-benefit favorability and public recognition of contributions.

Originality/value

Given VCC’s rising strategic importance, a plethora of studies have investigated this concept from differing metatheoretical perspectives, yielding potential VCC-based fragmentation. Addressing this gap, we take stock of the VCC literature with a view to distilling the concept’s core, trans-metatheoretical hallmarks, as synthesized in the proposed framework and FPs of VCC.
Exploring the impact of digital technology in Indian higher education: a comprehensive analysis
Authors: Panda Gayatri , Dash Manoj Kumar , Kaswan Mahender Singh , Chaudhary Rekha
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The study aims to analyze the relationship between teachers’ information and communication technology (ICT) efficacy and the ICT environment in teaching-learning. For this, the current research attempts to explore and understand the role of ICT factors in higher education and develop a framework for future researchers to gain a substantial understanding of the teachers' ICT efficacy and ICT environment.

Design/methodology/approach

Teachers’ ICT efficacy has been analyzed in three domains, i.e. technological, content and pedagogical. The ICT environment is measured on training aspects, ICT tools and administrative support. The researcher adopted purposive sampling as a part of the non-probability sampling technique. The questionnaire was circulated among the experts through e-mail to collect the required response sheets. The experts are working in different academic institutes in India, primarily from premier institutes of the country. It covers all the regions of the country, and 22 experts are taken in the research study for collecting the data. The study uses the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method to explore the link among identified factors and criteria through the expert’s opinion method to achieve the set objectives within the Indian context.

Findings

The results indicate that the content efficacy of a teacher is pivotal to providing sound teaching-learning using digital tools and techniques. The developed model, measuring the cause-effect relationship based on the role of ICT efficacy of teachers in delivering teaching, will enable academic organizations to frame policies and strategies that will focus on enhancing teachers' competencies towards self and organizational growth.

Originality/value

The present research is one of the pioneering works that investigates the factors of ICT in higher education.
Sports tourists: sociodemographic, psychographic and situational influences on satisfaction and expenditure
Authors: Sánchez González Manuel Jesús , López-Mosquera Natalia , Nieves-Pavón Sergio
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to explore and evaluate how sociodemographic, psychographic and situational factors jointly determine the satisfaction and expenditure of sports tourists, two key variables for the sustainability and development of sport tourism.

Design/methodology/approach

To meet the objective of the study, structural equation modelling was applied to data collected through a face-to-face survey of 520 sports tourists practising outdoor sports in the Valle del Jerte region (Cáceres, Spain) during the months of March and April 2024.

Findings

The findings revealed that older and higher income tourists experienced higher levels of satisfaction with sporting activities. Specifically, young women with a high educational and economic level were found to have the highest expenditure in the sports destination. Furthermore, it was confirmed that authenticity, distance and water sports activities had a positive impact on visitor satisfaction, and that tourist expenditure was influenced by local connection and all sociodemographic and situational factors considered.

Originality/value

This analysis contributes to the sport tourism literature by combining factors of different typologies into a single model and by incorporating expenditure behaviour as a dependent variable and the type of sport activity variable as a situational factor affecting expenditure. This approach expands existing knowledge by providing a more comprehensive view of the effect of sociodemographic, psychographic and situational factors on sport tourism, allowing destination managers to design effective strategies that optimise the satisfaction and expenditure of sports tourists.
Mental model of tourism entrepreneurs as social value creators: research based on Q methodology
Authors: Nikraftar Tayebeh , Farahani Mehrnaz
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Despite the essential role of entrepreneurs in creating social value, there is limited understanding of their mindsets concerning this value. This study aims to investigate the mental models of tourism entrepreneurs regarding the social value they create. We hypothesize that their perspectives on tourism influence the type of value they generate

Design/methodology/approach

Q methodology was employed. Initially, a concourse was established in this area, followed by selecting a representative sample of 36 statements. The Q questionnaire was administered to 30 tourism entrepreneurs, and the data were analyzed post-collection.

Findings

Three distinct mental patterns emerged from the data: Destination Fans, Host Fans, and Tourist Fans. Among these, Destination Fans were the most prominent, indicating that most entrepreneurs perceive the destination as a critical factor in attracting tourists and developing their businesses.

Originality/value

Given the high competition within the tourism sector, many entrepreneurs seek to enhance their competitive positions by creating unique destination identities and tourism services. Consequently, they view the destination as pivotal for attracting tourists. This study illustrates that entrepreneurs leverage various methods to create value in the tourism sector, with differences stemming from their perspectives on the role of entrepreneurship in value creation.
A workflow combining Kirchhoff single‐stack redatuming and common‐reflection surface‐based enhancement for depth imaging: A case study
Authors: Garabito German , Gonçalves Bruno F. , Caldeira João L. , Shahsavani Hashem
Published: January 2025

Seismic datasets acquired in onshore basins typically present a great challenge for seismic depth imaging due to the poor quality of the prestack data caused by inherent acquisition difficulties and, in particular, the distortion of the seismic signal caused by topography and heterogeneity of the weathering zone. In this seismic data, the standard static correction does not give satisfactory results in depth imaging. Wave‐equation‐based redatuming is an alternative solution to this problem, as it correctly moves the data measured on the terrain surface to a new flat datum. But most redatuming techniques require knowledge of an accurate near‐surface velocity model. A new workflow for depth imaging of land data is proposed by combining Kirchhoff single‐stack redatuming and prestack data enhancement by common‐reflection surface stack method. A major advantage of this redatuming method is that it only requires a good approximation of the near‐surface velocity model to properly remove distortions in the seismic signal caused by the rugged topography and weathering zone. A new algorithm is introduced to apply Kirchhoff single‐stack redatuming to multi‐coverage land seismic data. Common‐reflection surface‐based prestack data enhancement is applied after redatuming to attenuate radon noise and enhance coherent event. The proposed workflow has been successfully applied to land seismic data from the Parnaíba Basin in northeastern Brazil, transforming surface‐referenced prestack data to a new flat datum. By applying common‐reflection surface‐based enhancement to the redatumed prestack data, a significant improvement in signal‐to‐noise ratio and enhancement of reflections was achieved. The depth‐migrated image confirms the great improvement in quality, where the reflectors show strong enhancement and better continuity throughout the section, compared to the migrated image obtained from the only redatumed data. This improvement in quality was important for the interpretation of the main reflectors of the geological formations.
Optimising Luteinising Hormone Levels on Trigger Day for Improved Ovarian Response and Pregnancy Outcomes in Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone Antagonist Protocols: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Xu Zijin , Lin Qiwang , Liang Zhu , Li Sichen , Wu Yixuan , Fu Yang , Liu Jianqiao , Liu Haiying
Published: January 2025

Objective

To determine the optimal luteinising hormone (LH) level on the trigger day and its impact on pregnancy outcomes in gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocols using a data‐driven approach.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University.

Population

Overall, 6107 in vitro fertilisation/intra‐cytoplasmic sperm injection fresh embryo transfer cycles with GnRH‐antagonist protocols were performed between January 1, 2018 and February 1, 2023.

Methods

Restricted cubic spline analysis and segmented regression identified the optimal LH threshold. Patients were categorised into low (≤ 1.6 IU/L) and high (> 1.6 IU/L) LH groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) and multivariable logistic regression were applied to adjust for confounding factors.

Main Outcome Measures

Live birth rate per embryo transfer cycle.

Results

The high LH group showed significantly higher live birth rates (42.9% vs. 36.9%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.468; 95% CI: 1.220–1.766, p < 0.001), ongoing pregnancy rates (51.4% vs. 43.6%, aOR: 1.498; 95% CI: 1.338–1.678, p < 0.001), clinical pregnancy rates (52.4% vs. 45.6%, aOR: 1.439; 95% CI: 1.285–1.611, p < 0.001) and biochemical pregnancy rates compared with the low LH group, despite retrieving fewer oocytes (median 10 vs. 12, p < 0.001). These results remained consistent after PSM and multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions

Higher LH levels on the trigger day are associated with improved pregnancy outcomes in GnRH‐antagonist protocols. Maintaining an optimal LH range is crucial for balancing oocyte yield and assisted reproductive technology success, highlighting the importance of individualised ovarian stimulation protocols.
Weakened Airway Epithelial Junctions and Enhanced Neutrophil Elastase Release Contribute to Age‐Dependent Bacteremia Risk Following Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Authors: Xu Shuying , Zhu Tianmou , Mou Hongmei , Tan Shumin , Leong John M.
Published: January 2025

Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp; pneumococcus), the most common agent of community‐acquired pneumonia, can spread systemically, particularly in the elderly, highlighting the need for adjunctive therapies. The airway epithelial barrier defends against bacteremia and is dependent upon apical junctional complex (AJC) proteins such as E‐cadherin. After mouse lung challenge, pneumolysin (PLY), a key Sp virulence factor, stimulates epithelial secretion of an inflammatory eicosanoid, triggering the infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) that secrete high levels of neutrophil elastase (NE), thus promoting epithelial damage and systemic infection. Here, pulmonary E‐cadherin staining of intratracheally (i.t.) inoculated mice revealed PLY‐mediated disruption of AJC independently of PMNs. Apical infection of air–liquid interface (ALI) respiratory epithelial monolayers similarly showed that PLY disrupts AJCs. This epithelial damage promoted PMN transmigration and bacterial apical‐to‐basolateral translocation, and pharmacologically fortifying epithelial barrier function diminished both barrier breach in vitro and bacteremia in vivo. E‐cadherin staining after Sp i.t. inoculation of > 20‐month‐old mice, or apical infection of ALI monolayers derived from these mice, revealed an age‐associated vulnerability to PLY‐mediated AJC disruption, which in turn enhanced PMN migration and bacteremia. In addition, we found that PMNs from aged mice secrete increased levels of tissue‐damaging NE. Simultaneous pharmacological inhibition of tissue‐destructive NE and fortification of pulmonary epithelial barrier function was required to reduce the level of Sp bacteremia in aged mice to that of young mice. This work underscores the importance of fully characterizing the multifactorial sources of age‐associated susceptibility in devising adjunctive therapies to mitigate invasive pneumococcal disease in the elderly.
Clinical decision instruments for predicting mortality in patients with cirrhosis seeking emergency department care
Authors: Parvataneni Swetha , Haugh Michelle , Sarkis Yara , Baker Brittany , Nephew Lauren D. , Ghabril Marwan S. , Vuppalanchi Raj , Orman Eric S. , Chalasani Naga P. , Desai Archita P. , Harrison Nicholas Eric
Published: January 2025

Objective

Clinical decision instruments (CDIs) could be useful to aid risk stratification and disposition of emergency department (ED) patients with cirrhosis. Our primary objective was to derive and internally validate a novel Cirrhosis Risk Instrument for Stratifying Post‐Emergency department mortality (CRISPE) for the outcomes of 14‐ and 30‐day post‐ED mortality. Secondarily, we externally validated the existing Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores for explicit use in ED patients and prediction of the same outcomes.

Methods

A cohort of 2093 adults with cirrhosis, at 16 sites in a statewide health system, was analyzed for 119 candidate variables available at ED disposition. LASSO with 10‐fold cross‐validation was used in variable selection for 14‐day (CRISPE‐14) and 30‐day (CRISPE‐30) logistic regression models. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was calculated for each variant of the CRISPE and MELD scores and compared via Delong's test. Predictions were compared to actual ED disposition for predictive value and reclassification statistics.

Results

Median (interquartile range [IQR]) characteristics of the cohort were age 62 (53–70) years and MELD 3.0 13.0 (8.0–20.0). Mortality was 4.3% and 8.5% at 14 and 30 days, respectively. CRISPE‐14 and CRISPE‐30 outperformed each MELD variant, achieving AUROC of 0.824 (95% CI: 0.781–0.866) and 0.829 (0.796–0.861), respectively. MELD 3.0 AUROCs were 0.724 (0.667–0.781) and 0.715 (0.672–0.781), respectively. Compared to ED disposition, CRISPE‐14, CRISPE‐30, and MELD 3.0 significantly improved positive and negative predictive value and net reclassification index at multiple cutoffs. Applying CRISPE‐30 (cutoff 4.5) favorably reclassified one net ED disposition for mortality for every 12 patients, while MELD 3.0 net reclassified one disposition per 84 patients.

Conclusions

CDIs may be useful in risk‐stratifying ED patients with cirrhosis and aiding disposition decision making. The novel CRISPE CDI showed powerful performance and requires external validation, while the existing MELD 3.0 score has moderate performance and is now externally‐validated in an ED population for short‐term mortality.
Deepening youth precarity: How the COVID‐19 pandemic impacted the livelihoods and mobility pathways of rural youth in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Muin Andi Vika Faradiba , Andary Pamula Mita , Griffin Christina , Sirimorok Nurhady , Sahide Muhammad Alif Kaimuddin , Dressler Wolfram
Published: January 2025

Indonesia's young people renegotiate the constraints on rural‐based livelihood opportunities by participating in a diverse array of off‐farm activities, circular migration, and rural to urban mobility flows. While these strategies work to overcome the insecurity of farm‐based work, they can also introduce new forms of precarity, which are compounded when other major life events or crises occur. Drawing on a period of in‐depth qualitative research with two villages in South Sulawesi, we describe how young people were impacted by, and responded to, the mobility and trade restrictions on their daily livelihood activities during the fallout of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Travel restrictions and company layoffs forced some young people to return to their villages, where they faced limited employment prospects, while other young people remained isolated or idle in urban settings and unable to return home. Furthermore, fluctuating commodity prices and an absence of buyers for agricultural and seafood commodities led to even fewer opportunities in rural areas. The impacts of the pandemic were also gendered, as young women faced increased demands for unpaid care work, while also stepping into new markets (e.g., ginger powder) or retail work, to counter the loss of household incomes and return of male migrants. In the context of broad‐scale landscape change, declining rural opportunities, and precarious work contracts in urban areas and resource frontiers, our findings exemplify how the economic fallout of the COVID‐19 pandemic represents just one of the many crises that rural youth contend with on a daily basis.
Electrophysiological Studies in Combination With Interim‐Positron Emission Tomography Scan for Prevention of Severe Brentuximab‐Vedotin‐Induced Neurotoxicity
Authors: Pezzullo Luca , Piscosquito Giuseppe , Settembre Lorenzo , Avventura Stefano , Serio Bianca , De Biasi Giuseppe , Rizzo Michela , Noioso Ciro Maria , D'Addona Matteo , Landolfi Annamaria , Vinciguerra Claudia , Giudice Valentina , Barone Paolo , Selleri Carmine
Published: January 2025

Brentuximab‐vedotin (BV)‐induced neurotoxicity (BVIN), a frequent adverse event caused by this monoclonal antibody, is the primary reason for dose modification or drug discontinuation, and is characterized by sensory, motor, and/or autonomic peripheral nerve dysfunctions. Although reversible, BVIN can persist for months or years after treatment and negatively affect quality of life (QoL). Currently, BVIN is managed by dose adjustment or drug interruption, leading to an increased risk of disease relapse. Therefore, early recognition and appropriate management are essential to improve clinical outcomes. In this real‐life study, we identified predictive factors for moderate/severe BVIN to reduce the risk of irreversible neuropathy. A total of 22 patients treated with BV were enrolled and BVIN was monitored by electro‐neurography and neurological examinations every 2 cycles of therapy, while QoL by clinical questionnaires. We showed that recovery rate from moderate/severe BVIN was low, and sensory nerves were the most affected, negatively impacting QoL. BV dose reduction based on interim PET re‐evaluation in patients with hematological response resulted in a significant reduction of BVIN onset with high long‐term QoL. Therefore, electrophysiological tests could be useful tools to prevent moderate/severe BVIN onset, and their combination with interim PET imaging could allow dosage adjustments thus simultaneously minimizing risks of disease relapse and BVIN development. However, further studies on larger prospective randomized cohorts are needed to confirm our preliminary results.
Health‐Related Behaviour Clusters and Functional Dentition in Older People
Authors: Alobaidi Fatimah , Heidari Ellie , Sabbah Wael
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To identify different clusters of health‐related behaviours and examine whether these clusters are associated with maintaining 20 or more teeth.

Background

Engaging in risky behaviours impacts tooth loss, particularly among older adults. Maintaining 20 teeth is a challenge for this age group. The co‐occurrence of health‐risk behaviours is common and has been linked to an increased risk of multiple chronic diseases, including tooth loss.

Material and Methods

A cross‐sectional analysis of wave 7 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) was conducted. Functional dentition was self‐reported as having 20 or more teeth. Four health‐related behaviours (smoking, alcohol intake, fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical activity) were analysed to investigate their association with functional dentition. Demographic characteristics (sex, age, ethnicity) and socioeconomic factors (education, wealth) were included as covariates. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was conducted using four dichotomised behaviour variables to identify clusters of behaviours. Logistic regression modelling was used to examine the association between clusters of health‐related behaviours and functional dentition. The model was adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors.

Results

A total of 7783 participants were included. The LCA model identified three clusters: (1) risky, (2) moderate and (3) healthy. In the fully adjusted logistic regression model, the odds of having a functional dentition were 1.42 higher among those in the moderate cluster (95% CI: 1.23, 1.65), and 1.70 higher among those in the healthy cluster (95% CI: 1.39, 2.09) than for participants in the risky cluster.

Conclusion

Risky behaviours tend to cluster among older adults. Engaging in multiple risky behaviours is associated with having fewer than 20 teeth. Initiatives and public health campaigns that focus on these clustering patterns, as well as the underlying factors, could benefit both oral and general health.
Finding the Value: Identifying the Key Elements of Recorded Clinic Visits From the Perspective of Patients, Clinicians, and Caregivers
Authors: Barr Paul J. , Wasp Garrett T. , Dannenberg Michelle D. , Mistler Lisa A. , Verma Kanak , Bonasia Kyra , Haslett William R. , Ganoe Craig H. , Bratches Reed W. , Schifferdecker Karen
Published: January 2025

Objective

We aimed to understand what patients, caregivers and clinicians identified as the most important information from their audio‐recorded clinic visits and why.

Methods

We recruited patients, caregivers and clinicians from primary and speciality care clinics at an academic medical centre in New Hampshire, U.S. Participants reviewed a recording or transcript of their visit, identifying meaningful moments and the reasons why. Two researchers performed a summative content analysis of the data.

Results

Sixteen patients, four with caregivers, from six clinicians participated. Patients, caregivers and clinicians identified a median of 7.5 (3–20), 12.5 (6–50) and 18 (4–31) meaningful visit moments, respectively. Moments identified were similar across stakeholders, including patient education, symptoms, recommendations and medications. Four themes emerged as a rationale for finding visit information meaningful: providing and receiving information, sharing the patient experience, forming a care plan, and providing emotional support. Clinicians rarely identified patient statements as important.

Conclusion

There was considerable agreement between patients, clinicians and caregivers regarding visit information that is most valuable. Patient contributions may be undervalued by clinicians.

Practice Implications

These findings can be used to improve patient‐centred visit communication by focusing visit summaries and decision support on information of the most value to participants.
Learnings from ten years away from “home” as a South American immunologist in Ireland
Authors: Muñoz‐Wolf Natalia
Published: January 2025

Pursuing an international scientific career is a fantastic opportunity for personal and professional growth, but it also poses unique challenges, which can be particularly daunting for researchers coming from resource‐limited countries. Drawing from personal experience, this article provides insights into navigating the transition to working abroad in academia and developing a sustainable career while integrating into a new culture. From predeparture preparations to achieving career independence, I discuss practical aspects of crafting tailored applications to contact potential advisers, contemplating visa‐related challenges, establishing collaborations and emphasizing the value of finding appropriate mentorship to help you adapt to new cultural and professional environments. The article also underscores the importance of resilience, adaptability and redefining career success as a dynamic, nonlinear process. I present an original perspective on career planning, inspired by maritime voyage planning, to address the complexities of balancing personal and professional life, particularly during transitional periods. This approach, which combines four key stages of planning, namely, appraisal, planning, execution and monitoring, serves as a model for early‐career researchers to navigate the unpredictable tides of academic work and personal life abroad with the goal of sustaining progress and well‐being. These reflections aim to empower scientists preparing for or adapting to international research environments, fostering resilience and adaptability for long‐term success abroad.