bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building a Learning Community by Aligning Cognition and Affect within and Across Members
Authors: Neilsen Eric H. , Winter Mary , Saatcioglu Argun
Published: February 2005

Management education programs often rely on collaborative learning, which requires high levels of openness and interpersonal support. We describe how one program accomplishes this and offer a theory to explain why it works. We propose that the activity is successful because it addresses in a repeating sequence (a) the alignment of affect with cognition within members’ subjective worlds, (b) the integration of cognition across members, (c) the use of shared cognition to generate new affect-rich activities, and (d) the alignment of affect across members. We believe this four-stage cycle enhances management education wherever collaborative learning is important.
Applying Dramaturgy to Management Course Design
Authors: Leberman Sarah I. , Martin Andrew J.
Published: February 2005

This article discusses the holistic method of experiential course design called dramaturgy as applied to an undergraduate 3rd-year management course—the Action Learning Management Practicum (ALMP). Dramaturgy, a theater term, involves the student-centered design of the course. The development of themes is characterized by the intertwining of a range of activities designed to enhance the social, physical, creative, and reflective challenge to participants. Choreographed to expand student experiences, increase challenge, and optimize learning through the flow of “dramaturgy waves,” the activities are constantly adapted to respond to specific needs of individual students and the class as a whole. Student comments, 2 weeks and 6 months postcourse, highlight key learning and suggest that there is merit in using dramaturgy as a method of design for management courses. Its emphasis on a holistic approach provides a means for developing the whole person in management education as advocated in the literature.
Income and Pollutant Emissions in the ObjECTS MiniCAM Model
Authors: Smith Steven J.
Published: February 2005

This article examines the relationship between income and pollutant emissions in the Obj ECTS Mini Climate Assessment Model (MiniCAM) to determine how historical analysis can best guide modeling efforts. Future scenarios for energy-related emissions of nitrous oxide (NOx ) and sulfur dioxide (SO2 )are presented along with the methodology used. A pseudo-Kuznets approach is used where the level of emission control is assumed to vary with per capita income. Emission results depend on the assumptions for when emission controls are implemented and the stringency of those controls. Historical analysis of the relationship between income and emission controls might be particularly useful in informing the parameterization of when emission controls are implemented. However, historical analysis is likely to be less helpful in informing the selection of parameters for the future levels of control, particularly at future times when parameter values are well outside the range of historical experience.
Cultural Hauntings: Girlhood Fictions From Working-Poor America
Authors: Hicks Deborah
Published: February 2005

This narrative study chronicles the history of an ethnographic and pedagogical project focused on fourth-grade girls growing up in a working-poor, predominately White community. Central to the project were questions about how language practices are situated in the textures of girls’ lives and become refracted dimensions of voice and identity. The article focuses on the layered meanings of horror fictions. It explores links between girls’ fascination with series horror paperbacks and popular culture influences, moves into the realm of cultural meanings of haunting and horror fiction as it explores community discourses about the supernatural, and examines the psychological meanings of horror fictions and their relationship to the lived experiences of individual girls. Literary readings of the layered meanings of horror fiction for girls growing up in working-poor America are connected to arguments about creating pedagogical practices answerable to the complexity of living, speaking, and reading between worlds divided by social class.
Doing Prison Research: Views From Inside
Authors: Bosworth Mary , Campbell Debi , Demby Bonita , Ferranti Seth M. , Santos Michael
Published: February 2005

This article is coauthored by four prisoners and a prison-researcher. In it, the authors discuss the differing aims and aspirations of research participants and scholars and their implications for doing prison research. Unlike most other accounts of prison research, the authors stress the experience of those being interviewed rather than that of the interviewer. The authors pay particular attention to the emotional nature of being part of a study and how a researcher gains participants’ trust. The authors also consider the utility of academic research and how inmate voices might be effectively harnessed to build a sustained critique of the U.S. prison system.
How I Stopped Dreading and Learned to Love Transcription
Authors: Bird Cindy M.
Published: February 2005

As a novice qualitative researcher, the author had little idea of the significant and vital role of transcription in the qualitative research process until she undertook her own transcription tasks. The questions she asked herself during that work led her to insights on transcription both as product and as methodological process. Her purpose in writing this article is to enter into the discussion of the nature and role of transcription in qualitative research by contributing an experiential context created when the transcription process is regarded as a key phase of data analysis within interpretive qualitative methodology. The structure of this article parallels the sequence of her learning experiences. The findings generate an enhanced view of transcription and transcriber as methodological components, provide a clearer vision for researcher positioning on the intersecting landscapes of transcription and qualitative methodology, and illuminate some implications for the training of qualitative researchers.
Perceived Causes of Physical Assault in Heterosexual Dating Relationships
Authors: Mahlstedt Deborah L. , Welsh Lesley A.
Published: February 2005

Two studies investigated college students’ perceptions of causes of violence in heterosexual dating relationships. Study 1 examined 107 participants’ written causal explanations for dating violence. The second study focused on 70 students’ ratings of cause in 15 scenarios ending with the man hitting the woman. Relationship and communication problems were primary causes when dating violence was presented in a concrete situation, whereas power and gender socialization were primary causes when presented as a social problem. Participants acknowledge power as an important cause, which suggests feminist structural frameworks in which relationship violence is embedded may lead to more effective prevention education.
Numerical Solution Procedures for Nonlinear Elastic Curved Rods Using the Theory of a Cosserat Point
Authors: Rubin M. B.
Published: February 2005

The numerical solution of problems of curved rods can be formulated using rod elements developed within the context of the theory of a Cosserat point. Although the general theory is valid for curved rods, the constitutive coefficients have been determined by comparison with exact linear solutions only for straight beams. The objective of this paper is to explore the accuracy of the predictions of the Cosserat theory for curved rods by comparison with exact solutions. Specifically, these problems include: linearized axisymmetric deformation of a circular ring loaded with internal and external pressures; nonlinear axisymmetric inversion of a circular ring; and linearized pure bending of a section of a circular ring. In all cases, the Cosserat theory performs well with no modifications of the constitutive constants, even in the limit of reasonably thick rods. Also, it is shown that the Cosserat theory does not exhibit shear locking in the limit of thin rods.
Equilibrium of a Highly Deformable Shallow Shell Pushed Against an Obstacle
Authors: Lebedev L. P. , Neymark A. B.
Published: February 2005

Existence of generalized solutions of contact problems for a nonlinear shallow shell with a rigid obstacle is demonstrated. A mathematical model accounting for the presence of an obstacle is proposed. The solution is a minimizer of the total energy functional on the set of admissible displacements. The problem reduces to the solution of a variational inequality in a cone of the energy space.
On the Solution of the Torsion Problem in Linear Elasticity with Microstructure
Authors: Potapenko S. , Schiavone P. , Mioduchowski A.
Published: February 2005

We consider the problem corresponding to the torsion of a cylindrical beam which incorporates the effects of material microstructure. The beam is modelled using micropolar or Cosserat elasticity and the boundary integral equation method is used to solve the corresponding boundary value problem. The exact solution is found in the form of an integral potential which is then approximated numerically using a Fourier series based on the corresponding singular solutions of the governing equations. We give an example, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the numerical method.
B-cell recovery following rituximab-based therapy is associated with perturbations in stromal derived factor-1 and granulocyte homeostasis
Authors: Dunleavy Kieron , Hakim Frances , Kim Hyun Kyung , Janik John E. , Grant Nicole , Nakayama Takayuki , White Therese , Wright George , Kwak Larry , Gress Ronald , Tosato Giovanna , Wilson Wyndham H.
Published: February 2005

The occurrence of delayed neutropenia following rituximab is poorly defined and of unknown cause. We hypothesized it may be related to perturbations of stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and granulocyte homeostasis. Late-onset neutropenia (LON) was investigated in 130 patients with untreated aggressive B-cell lymphoma receiving DA-EPOCH (dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisone, Oncovin [vincristine], cyclophosphamide, and hydroxydaunorubicin) chemotherapy with or without rituximab. All patients were in remission and had no known causes for neutropenia. LON occurred in 6 (8%) of 76 patients receiving rituximab and 0 of 54 patients not receiving rituximab (P = .04). The median onset was 175 days (range, 77-204 days) after treatment with a median duration of 14 days (range, 11-16 days). In a subset of 24 patients, a significant correlation was found between rapid B-cell recovery and granulocyte decline over the 6-month recovery period (R = –0.53; P = .04). Rapid B-cell recovery directly correlated with prerecovery SDF-1 levels (R = 0.65; P = .015) and SDF-1 decline (R = –0.67; P = .013) after recovery. Our results suggest that early B-cell lymphopoiesis is important for B-cell recovery following rituximab, and that perturbation of SDF-1 during B-cell recovery retards neutrophil egress from the bone marrow. These findings illustrate the dual role of SDF-1 in human B-cell and granulocyte homeostasis.
Human embryonic stem cells maintained in the absence of mouse embryonic fibroblasts or conditioned media are capable of hematopoietic development
Authors: Wang Lisheng , Li Li , Menendez Pablo , Cerdan Chantal , Bhatia Mickie
Published: February 2005

To date, hematopoietic development of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has been limited to cell lines cultured in the presence of either mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) or MEF-conditioned media (MEF-CM). Anonymous xenogenic factors from MEFs or MEF-CM complicate studies of hESC self-renewal and also raise concerns for the potential clinical applications of generating primitive hematopoietic cells from hESC lines maintained under these ambiguous conditions. Here, we demonstrate that hESCs can be cultured over 30 passages in defined conditions in the absence of MEFs or MEF-CM using only serum replacement (SR) media and high concentrations of basic fibroblast growth factor (SR-bFGF). Similar to hESCs cultured in MEF-CM, hESCs cultured in SR-bFGF sustained characteristics of undifferentiated hESCs, proliferative potential, normal karyotype, in vitro and in vivo 3 germ-layer specification and gave rise to hemogenic-endothelial precursors required for subsequent primitive hematopoietic development. Our report demonstrates that anonymous factors produced by feeder cells are not necessary for hESC maintenance and subsequent hematopoietic specification, thereby providing a defined system for studies of hESC self-renewal and hESC-derived hematopoiesis. (Blood. 2005;105:4598-4603)
Identification of carboxypeptidase N as an enzyme responsible for C-terminal cleavage of stromal cell-derived factor-1α in the circulation
Authors: Davis David A. , Singer Kathleen E. , De La Luz Sierra Maria , Narazaki Masashi , Yang Fuquan , Fales Henry M. , Yarchoan Robert , Tosato Giovanna
Published: February 2005

The chemokine stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) is an essential regulator of hematopoiesis, lymphocyte homing, pre-B-cell growth, and angiogenesis. As SDF-1α is constitutively expressed in many tissues, chemokine function is mostly regulated by proteolytic degradation. Human serum cleaves the 68-amino acid chemokine, SDF-1α, at both termini. The enzyme or enzymes responsible for the removal of the carboxy-terminal lysine from SDF-1α, leading to significant reduction in biologic activity, have not been identified. Using a new biochemical assay for measuring the carboxy-terminal cleavage activity, we purified from serum and plasma a peptidase that specifically removes the carboxy-terminal lysine from SDF-1α and identified it as carboxypeptidase N (CPN, also known as kininase I, arginine carboxypeptidase, and anaphylotoxin inactivator). We demonstrate that SDF-1α in serum and plasma lacks the carboxy terminal lysine, and depletion of CPN from serum and plasma significantly reduces the SDF-1α carboxypeptidase activity. Purified CPN effectively and specifically removes the carboxy-terminal lysine from SDF-1α and significantly reduces the chemokine's biologic activity as a pre-B-cell growth factor and chemoattractant. Thus, in addition to its role as a regulator of the biologic activity of kinins and anaphylatoxins, CPN is an important regulator of the biologic activity of SDF-1α by reducing the chemokine-specific activity. (Blood. 2005;105:4561-4568)
Weekly Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine in Advanced Transitional-Cell Carcinoma of the Urothelium: A Phase II Hoosier Oncology Group Study
Authors: Li Jinxing , Juliar Beth , Yiannoutsos Constantin , Ansari Rafat , Fox Edward , Fisch Michael J. , Einhorn Lawrence H. , Sweeney Christopher J.
Published: February 2005

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of weekly paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with advanced transitional-cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urothelial tract.

Patients and Methods

Patients with advanced unresectable TCC were enrolled onto this multicenter, community-based, phase II trial. Initially, patients were treated with paclitaxel 110 mg/m2 and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 by intravenous infusion on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days. Patients who had an objective response or stable disease continued treatment for a maximum of six courses. Paclitaxel was decreased to 90 mg/m2 and gemcitabine was decreased to 800 mg/m2 for the last 12 patients because of a concerning incidence of pulmonary toxicity in the first 24 patients.

Results

Thirty-six patients were enrolled between September 1998 and March 2003. Twenty-four patients received the higher doses of paclitaxel and gemcitabine, and 12 patients received the lower doses. Twenty-five (69.4%) of 36 patients had major responses to treatment, including 15 patients (41.7%) with complete responses. With a median follow-up time of 38.7 months, the median survival time was 15.8 months. Grade 3 and 4 toxicities included granulocytopenia (36.1%), thrombocytopenia (8.3%), and neuropathy (16.7%). Five patients (13.9%) had grades 3 to 5 pulmonary toxicity, and one patient had grade 2 pulmonary toxicity.

Conclusion

Weekly paclitaxel and gemcitabine is an active regimen in the treatment of patients with advanced TCC. However, because of the high incidence of pulmonary toxicity associated with this schedule of paclitaxel and gemcitabine, we recommend against the use of this regimen in this patient population.
A splice variant of the Wilms' tumour suppressorWt1is required for normal development of the olfactory system
Authors: Wagner Nicole , Wagner Kay-Dietrich , Hammes Annette , Kirschner Karin M. , Vidal Valerie P. , Schedl Andreas , Scholz Holger
Published: February 2005

Neuronal lineage formation in the developing olfactory epithelium has been extensively studied at the cellular level, but little is known about the genes that control proliferation and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells. Here, we report that the Wilms' tumour zinc-finger protein, Wt1, is required for normal formation of the olfactory epithelium. Wt1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in the developing olfactory epithelium of wild-type embryos between gestational days E9.5 and E18.5. Embryos with complete lack of Wt1 and embryos with selective ablation of the alternatively spliced Wt1(+KTS) isoform both had thinner olfactory epithelia and fewer neuronal progenitor cells than do normal animals. Mash1 and neurogenin 1, two basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors with critical functions during olfactory neuron development, were reduced in the Wt1(+KTS)-/- mutants compared with the wild-type mice. Stable expression of the Wt1(+KTS) isoform, but not of the Wt1(-KTS) variant, upregulated Mash1 mRNA and protein in vitro. The olfactory epithelia of mouse embryos, which lacked the Wt1(-KTS)protein, appeared normal. However, formation of the neural retina was severely impaired in the Wt1(-KTS)-/- mutants. These findings demonstrate that the Wt1(+KTS) protein, which has been proposed to play a role in mRNA processing, acts upstream of Mash1 to promote the development of the olfactory epithelium. Furthermore, neuron formation depends on distinct functions of alternatively spliced Wt1 products in the embryonic retina and the olfactory epithelium.
Feedback interactions between MKP3 and ERK MAP kinase controlscleraxisexpression and the specification of rib progenitors in the developing chick somite
Authors: Smith Terence Gordon , Sweetman Dylan , Patterson Margaret , Keyse Stephen M. , Münsterberg Andrea
Published: February 2005

Cells in the early vertebrate somite receive cues from surrounding tissues,which are important for their specification. A number of signalling pathways involved in somite patterning have been described extensively. By contrast,the interactions between cells from different regions within the somite are less well characterised. Here, we demonstrate that myotomally derived FGFs act through the MAPK signal transduction cascade and in particular, ERK1/2 to activate scleraxis expression in a population of mesenchymal progenitor cells in the dorsal sclerotome. We show that the levels of active,phosphorylated ERK protein in the developing somite are crucial for the expression of scleraxis and Mkp3. MKP3 is a dual specificity phosphatase and a specific antagonist of ERK MAP kinases and we demonstrate that in somites Mkp3 transcription depends on the presence of active ERK. Therefore, MKP3 and ERK MAP kinase constitute a negative feedback loop activated by FGF in sclerotomal progenitor cells. We propose that tight control of ERK signalling strength by MKP3 is important for the appropriate regulation of downstream cellular responses including the activation of scleraxis. We show that increased or decreased levels of phosphorylated ERK result in the loss of scleraxis transcripts and the loss of distal rib development, highlighting the importance of the MKP3-ERK-MAP kinase mediated feedback loop for cell specification and differentiation.
Pheochromocytoma Catecholamine Phenotypes and Prediction of Tumor Size and Location by Use of Plasma Free Metanephrines
Authors: Eisenhofer Graeme , Lenders Jacques WM , Goldstein David S , Mannelli Massimo , Csako Gyorgy , Walther McClellan M , Brouwers Frederieke M , Pacak Karel
Published: February 2005

Background: Measurements of plasma free metanephrines (normetanephrine and metanephrine) provide a useful test for diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and may provide other information about the nature of these tumors.

Methods: We examined relationships of tumor size, location, and catecholamine content with plasma and urinary metanephrines or catecholamines in 275 patients with pheochromocytoma. We then prospectively examined whether measurements of plasma free metanephrines could predict tumor size and location in an additional 16 patients.

Results: Relative proportions of epinephrine and norepinephrine in tumor tissue were closely matched by relative increases of plasma or urinary metanephrine and normetanephrine, but not by epinephrine and norepinephrine. Tumor diameter showed strong positive relationships with summed plasma concentrations or urinary outputs of metanephrine and normetanephrine (r = 0.81 and 0.77; P <0.001), whereas relationships with plasma or urinary catecholamines were weaker (r = 0.41 and 0.44). All tumors in which increases in plasma metanephrine were >15% of the combined increases of normetanephrine and metanephrine either had adrenal locations or appeared to be recurrences of previously resected adrenal tumors. Measurements of plasma free metanephrines predicted tumor diameter to within a mean of 30% of actual diameter, and high plasma concentrations of free metanephrine relative to normetanephrine accurately predicted adrenal locations.

Conclusions: Measurements of plasma free metanephrines not only provide information about the likely presence or absence of a pheochromocytoma, but when a tumor is present, can also help predict tumor size and location. This additional information may be useful for clinical decision-making during tumor localization procedures.
Präzision und Richtigkeit in der internen Qualitätskontrolle deutscher Laboratorien – Ergebnisse einer Befragung durch die DGKL. Precision and accuracy in internal quality control of German laboratories –a survey performed by DGKL
Authors: Geilenkeuser Wolf-Jochen
Published: February 2005

Abstract In Germany, the new Guidelines of the German Medical Association (RiliBÄK) have regulated since 2002 the quality assurance requirements for quantitative laboratory measurements. For all measurands listed in the corresponding annex 1, the maximum allowable bias (related to a target value) is stated for internal and external quality control. Originally, these limits were derived statistically from the results of external quality assessment schemes. However, after they were set into operation, it turned out that they are not applicable to some measurands for internal quality control purposes.

Therefore, the advisory board of the BÄK initiated a questionnaire survey among the participants in external quality assessment schemes to get information about the precision and the accuracy of internal quality control measurements.

This paper shows the results of this survey which was performed from July to September 2003.
Effects of Simulated Flash Fire and Variations in Skin Model on Manikin Fire Test
Authors: Song G , Barker R , Thompson D , Grimes R
Published: February 2005

An established numerical model of a manikin fire test, which has the capability of predicting heat transfer through thermally protective clothing exposed to an intense heat environment, is described in this paper. The model considers the fire characteristics simulated in a manikin chamber as well as the insulating air layers between protective garments and the skin surface. The numerical model is applied to analyze the effects of simulated flash fire and variations in a skin model on a manikin test. The study demonstrates that the heat flux measured by 122 thermal sensors over the surface of the manikin exhibits a bell-shaped Gaussian distribution for a short duration in calibration burn. A series of flash fire data with different distributions was generated statistically, and the effects on burn predictions were investigated. The results suggest that the fire distribution affects the burn predictions for 4 s of exposure. The effects of initial temperature distribution, thermal properties, as well as involvement of blood perfusion in a skin model on burn predictions are also discussed. The model predictions demonstrate that the initial temperature distribution in a skin model has a large effect on burn predictions for a one-layer garment exposed to short duration flash fire conditions.
Gender Differences in Predictors of Suicidal Thoughts and Attempts Among Homeless Veterans that Abuse Substances
Authors: Benda Brent B.
Published: February 2005

This study of 315 male and 310 female homeless military veterans in a V.A. inpatient program designed to treat substance abusers, many of whom also suffer psychiatric disorders, was designed to examine gender differences in factors associated with the odds of having suicidal thoughts, and of attempting suicide, in comparison to being nonsuicidal. A maximum likelihood estimation multinomial logistic regression showed childhood and current sexual and physical abuses, depression, fearfulness, relationship problems, limited social support, and low self‐esteem was more strongly associated with suicidal thoughts and attempts for women than for men veterans. Extent of alcohol and other drug abuse, aggression, resilience, self‐efficacy, combat exposure, combat‐related PTSD, and work problems were more strongly associated with suicidal thoughts and attempts for men than for women. Implications of these findings for V.A. programs are discussed.
The Relationship Between Seriously Considering, Planning, and Attempting Suicide in the Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Authors: Perez Victor W.
Published: February 2005

The assumed ordinal relationship between seriously considering, planning, and attempting suicide in the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey was examined by constructing a trajectory that identified all possible response patterns among the four questions measuring suicidal activity. Statistical analysis tested for differences in frequency of risk behaviors across levels of the trajectory. Overall, the trajectory provided insight to the progression of adolescent suicidal activity and demonstrated usefulness as a measure of suicidal intent. Significant differences between means of dependent variables at each level of the normative trajectory supported the hypothesis that frequency of risk behaviors increases monotonically with successive suicidal thought and behavior.
Singers of the landscape: Song, History, and Property Rights in the Malaysian Rain Forest
Authors: Roseman Marina
Published: February 2005

In the 1930s, British field ethnographer and museum curator H. D. Noone published a map of the Perak/Kelantan watershed, homeland to a number of Orang Asli peoples, including Temiars. With this map their last refuge entered the colonial record. But long before this, the region had been mapped in song by Temiar hunter‐gatherers and horticulturalists. The Temiar inscribe crucial forms of knowledge in song: medical, personal, social, historical, geographic.

But their carefully cultivated knowledge has been dismissed. This article recuperates the song map as an ethnohistorical document comprising a new way of making claims to land.
Women's Voices and Experiences of the Hill‐Thomas Hearings
Authors: Trix Frances , Sankar Andrea
Published: February 2005

As activist research, this study of women's experiences of the Hill‐Thomas hearings was conducted within three weeks of the Senate Judiciary Committee hearings on Anita Hill's charges of sexual harassment by Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas. Unlike polls at the time, interviews of 100 Detroit‐area women (65 percent white, 35 percent African American) revealed a msyority of strong support for Hill, a default category of support for Thomas, age rather than race as predictor of strong support for Hill or Thomas, and responses of anger and pain from women across the board. The study brings out strengths and challenges of activist research.
Race and the Culture of Anthropology
Authors: Visweswaran Kamala
Published: February 2005

The number of panels on “multiculturalism” and “cultural studies” at the AAA's annual meetings has increased significantly. Many anthropologists believe that the discipline has been in the vanguard of debates on racism and multiculturalism, that it stands for precisely those issues raised in the “culture wars”: the equal valuation of all cultures. Yet this is not the case.

Multiculturalism and cultural studies have emerged as counterdisciplinary formations which radically foreground race and racial identity precisely because anthropology cannot do so.
Eae19, a New Locus on Rat Chromosome 15 Regulating Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Sheng Jian Rong , Jagodic Maja , Dahlman Ingrid , Becanovic Kristina , Nohra Rita , Marta Monica , Iacobaeus Ellen , Olsson Tomas , Wallström Erik
Published: February 2005

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (MOG-EAE), share a complex genetic predisposition with contributions from the major histocompatibility complex class II genes and many other genes. Linkage mapping in F2 crosses between the susceptible DA rat strain and the resistant ACI or BN rat strains in various models of autoimmune neuroinflammation have repeatedly displayed suggestive linkage to a region on rat chromosome 15. A direct study of this region was undertaken in congenic strains by transferring resistant ACI alleles to the susceptible DA background. Phenotypic analysis demonstrated lower maximal and cumulative EAE scores in the DA.ACI–D15Rat6-D15Rat71 (C15), DA.ACI–D15Rat6-D15Rat48, D15Rat126-D15Rat71 (C15R3b), and DA.ACI–D15Rat23-D15rat71 (C15R4) strains compared to the parental DA rat strain. Linkage analysis was then performed in a (DA × PVG.AV1)F7 advanced intercross line, resulting in a LOD score of 4.7 for the maximal EAE score phenotype at the peak marker D15Rat71 and a confidence interval of 13 Mb, overlapping with the congenic fragment defined by the C15R3b and the C15R4 strains. Thus, a new MOG-EAE locus with the designation Eae19 is identified on rat chromosome 15. There are 32 confirmed or predicted genes in the confidence interval, including immune-responsive gene 1 and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinose gene 5. Definition of loci such as Eae19 enables the characterization of genetically regulated, evolutionary conserved disease pathways in complex neuroinflammatory diseases.
Requirements for Replication Restart Proteins During Constitutive Stable DNA Replication in Escherichia coli K-12
Authors: Sandler Steven J
Published: February 2005

Constitutive stable DNA replication (cSDR) is a mechanism for replisome loading in Escherichia coli K-12. This occurs in a dnaA-independent fashion in an rnhA mutant. cSDR is dependent on recA, priA, and transcription. In this report, it is shown that dnaA rnhA mutants using cSDR for initiation of their DNA replication additionally require priB, but not priC, for viability. Two subtle priA missense mutations either eliminated the ability to grow using cSDR (priA301 C479Y) or resulted in very small colonies (priA300 K230R). DnaC809, a priA suppressor, failed to allow priA or priB mutants to grow using cSDR to initiate DNA replication. Furthermore, unlike dnaC+ strains, dnaC809 strains require priC for cSDR. DnaC809,820, a priC-independent suppressor of priA2::kan phenotypes, allowed priA and priC (but not priB) mutants to grow using cSDR to initiate DNA replication. It is also shown that rep and rnhA mutations are synthetically lethal. DnaC809 and dnaC809,820 mutations suppress this lethality. Rep is further shown to be required for cSDR in a dnaC809 strain. A model whereby these different sets of replication restart proteins interact preferentially with substrates associated with either RecA or SSB during replication restart and cSDR, respectively, is proposed.
Mutation Rates, Spectra and Hotspots in Mismatch Repair-Deficient Caenorhabditis elegansSequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession nos. AY863110, AY863111, AY863112, AY863113, AY863114, AY863115, AY863116, AY863117, AY863118, AY863119, AY863120, AY863121, AY863122, AY863123, AY863124, AY863125, AY863126, AY863127, AY863128, AY863129, AY863130, AY863131, AY863132, AY863133, AY863134, AY863135, AY863136, AY863137, AY863138, AY863139, AY863140, AY863141, AY863142, AY863143.
Authors: Denver Dee R , Feinberg Seth , Estes Suzanne , Thomas W Kelley , Lynch Michael
Published: February 2005

Although it is clear that postreplicative DNA mismatch repair (MMR) plays a critical role in maintaining genomic stability in nearly all forms of life surveyed, much remains to be understood about the genome-wide impact of MMR on spontaneous mutation processes and the extent to which MMR-deficient mutation patterns vary among species. We analyzed spontaneous mutation processes across multiple genomic regions using two sets of mismatch repair-deficient (msh-2 and msh-6) Caenorhabditis elegans mutation-accumulation (MA) lines and compared our observations to mutation spectra in a set of wild-type (WT), repair-proficient C. elegans MA lines. Across most sequences surveyed in the MMR-deficient MA lines, mutation rates were ∼100-fold higher than rates in the WT MA lines, although homopolymeric nucleotide-run (HP) loci composed of A:T base pairs mutated at an ∼500-fold greater rate. In contrast to yeast and humans where mutation spectra vary substantially with respect to different specific MMR-deficient genotypes, mutation rates and patterns were overall highly similar between the msh-2 and msh-6 C. elegans MA lines. This, along with the apparent absence of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae MSH3 ortholog in the C. elegans genome, suggests that C. elegans MMR surveillance is carried out by a single Msh-2/Msh-6 heterodimer.
Analysis of Antigens Targeted by Circulating IgG and IgA Antibodies in Patients With Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid Predominantly Affecting the Oral Cavity
Authors: Carrozzo Marco , Cozzani Emanuele , Broccoletti Roberto , Carbone Mario , Pentenero Monica , Arduino Paolo , Parodi Aurora , Gandolfo Sergio
Published: February 2005

Background: Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) includes a range of variants frequently having oral, particularly gingival, lesions. It has been suggested that MMP exclusively involving the oral cavity could be a distinct subset, but the immunological status of patients with predominantly oral lesions has received little attention.

Methods: Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on normal human skin and normal human salt‐split skin (SSS) as a substrate and immunoblotting on extracts of human keratinocyte cultures and normal human skin were carried out in 28 consecutive patients with MMP predominantly affecting the gingiva.

Results: There was no significant difference between frequency of positive SSS‐IIF among patients with exclusive oral lesions (42%) and with MMP not restricted to the oral cavity (78%) (P = 0.114). By immunoblotting, IgG of 13 sera (46%) reacted with the 180 kD bullous pemphigoid antigen (BPAg2), six (21%) reacted with the 230 kD bullous pemphigoid antigen (BPAg1), and two (7%) reacted with an antigen of 200 kD. IgA of three sera (11%) reacted with BPAg2 and three (11%) reacted with BPAg1. There was no significant difference between frequency of positive immunoblotting among patients with exclusive oral lesions (68%) and with MMP not restricted to the oral cavity (67%) (P = 1.00).

Conclusions: Most of the MMP sera contain IgG and IgA antibodies to the two major bullous pemphigoid antigens, independent of clinical presentation. Thus, in the majority of cases, patients with exclusively gingival pemphigoid lesions do not appear to have a distinct variety of mucous membrane pemphigoid. J Periodontol 2004;75:1302‐1308.
Clinical Evaluation of Demineralized Freeze‐Dried Bone Allograft and Enamel Matrix Derivative Versus Enamel Matrix Derivative Alone for the Treatment of Periodontal Osseous Defects in Humans
Authors: Gurinsky Brian S. , Mills Michael P. , Mellonig James T.
Published: February 2005

Background: A recent study suggests that the addition of enamel matrix derivative to demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft may enhance osseoinduction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft (DFDBA) in combination with enamel matrix derivative (EMD + DFDBA) compared to enamel matrix derivative (EMD) alone in the treatment of human intrabony periodontal defects.

Methods: Forty patients with a total of 67 sites (intrabony defect ≥3mm deep) were selected to participate in this single‐masked, parallel design, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Each subject received either EMD alone (34 sites) or in combination with DFDBA (33 sites). Soft tissue measurements included probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and recession. Hard tissue measurements included defect depth, alveolar crestal resorption, and defect morphology. Following 6 months of healing, all soft tissue measurements were repeated. Forty‐nine sites (EMD + DFDBA = 26 sites, EMD alone = 23 sites) were surgically reentered. Statistical analyses were performed using unpaired and paired Student t tests.

Results: Analyses showed a significant improvement in soft tissue parameters for both treatment groups (P <0.001) as compared to preoperative measurements. There were no statistical differences between treatment groups. The probing depth reduction (PDR) for the EMD + DFDBA was 3.6 ± 0.2 mm, while the EMD alone had a PDR of 4.0 ± 0.3 mm. The CAL gain for the EMD + DFDBA group was 3.0 ± 0.3 mm and 3.2 ± 0.3 mm for the EMD alone group. The mean value for bone fill in the EMD + DFDBA group was 3.7 ± 0.2 mm (74.9%), while the EMD alone group demonstrated a mean bone fill of 2.6 ± 0.4 mm (55.3%). While there were no significant differences between the two treatments with regards to soft tissue measurements, the combination of EMD + DFDBA therapy yielded statistically significant improvements in bone fill, crestal resorption, and percentage of sites gaining greater than 50% and 90% bone fill when compared to EMD alone (P <0.001).

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that there may be an enhancement of hard tissue parameters when enamel matrix derivative is added to demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft. J Periodontol 2004;75:1309‐1318.
Efficacy of Antibiotics Against Periodontopathogenic Bacteria Within Epithelial Cells: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Eick Sigrun , Pfister Wolfgang
Published: February 2005

Background: Periodontopathogenic bacteria can invade and survive within epithelial cells, but susceptibility of intracellular infection to antibiotics used in periodontitis treatment has not been studied to date.

Methods: KB cells were infected by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, strain NCTC 9710; Porphyromonas gingivalis, strains ATCC 33277 and JH16‐1; or Streptococcus constellatus, strain J012b. After 2, 4, and 12 hours the bactericidal effect of antibiotics (clindamycin, doxycycline, metronidazole, and moxifloxacin) on intracellular microorganisms was tested at a concentration up to the 100‐fold minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined separately on planktonic bacteria.

Results: The P. gingivalis strains differed in their invasiveness and ATCC 33277 was 100‐fold more invasive than JH16‐1. Doxycycline and clindamycin at a concentration 10‐fold MIC had no effect, but P. gingivalis intercellular infection was significantly reduced by metronidazole at 10‐fold MIC after 2 and 4 hours. Moxifloxacin was effective, but a 100‐fold MIC concentration was necessary to reduce P. gingivalis strains intracellular growth to 7% of the control. Other bacterial species grown inside the KB cells were more susceptible to antibiotics. Clindamycin at 10‐fold MIC reduced the number of intracellular S. constellatus after 4 and 12 hours. This bacterium was eliminated by moxifloxacin at 50‐fold MIC. Intracellular A. actinomycetemcomitans was killed by 10‐fold MIC of doxycycline and moxifloxacin after 4 hours incubation.

Conclusions: Moxifloxacin was the most efficient antibiotic to treat intracellular infection. However, taking into account the MIC values and the levels of antibiotics in gingival fluid, elimination of intracellular bacteria by antibiotics alone seems to be questionable. J Periodontol 2004;75:1327‐1334.
Implant Survival in Periodontally Compromised Patients
Authors: Baelum Vibeke , Ellegaard Birgit
Published: February 2005

Background: Relatively little is known on the longterm prognosis of implants inserted in partially edentulous, periodontally compromised patients.

Methods: A total of 258 conventional implants, 57 two‐stage and 201 one‐stage implants, which were inserted in 32 and 108 patients, respectively, between June 1988 and June 2002 were followed with respect to their survival, as well as the periodontal parameters bone loss, probing depth, and bleeding on probing. All patients were periodontally compromised who had undergone periodontal surgery and were considered able to maintain a high standard of oral hygiene.

Results: The 5‐year survival rates were 97% and 94%, respectively, for the two‐ and the one‐stage implants. The 10‐year survival rate remained high at 97% for the two‐stage implants, but had dropped to 78% for the onestage implants. Smoking, short implant length, and insertion during the later period (1995‐2002) were found to be associated with an increased failure rate.

Conclusions: Implants placed in patients with a history of periodontitis have a 5‐year survival similar to that observed for implants installed in non‐diseased persons. Although the 10‐year survival of the one‐stage implants was somewhat lower than has been observed for non‐diseased patients, implant placement remains a good treatment alternative also for periodontally compromised patients. J Periodontol 2004;75:1404‐1412.
Effect of a 3% Potassium Oxalate Topical Application on Dentinal Hypersensitivity After Subgingival Scaling and Root Planing
Authors: Pillon Flávio L. , Romani Ingrid G. , Schmidt Édina R.
Published: February 2005

Background: The present study aimed to verify the effect of a single application of 3% potassium oxalate gel compared to a placebo gel immediately after subgingival scaling and root planing (SRP) on dentinal hypersensitivity (DH).

Methods: Fifteen patients undergoing periodontal treatment volunteered for this randomized controlled clinical trial. They presented with periodontitis on homologous contralateral canines and premolars, with complaints of dentinal hypersensitivity before periodontal therapy. Immediately after SRP under local anesthesia, the test and placebo agents were randomly applied on the cemento‐enamel junction. Evaluation of DH reduction after treatment was self‐reported, with assessment made by the patient's indication of how painful each treated tooth was on a visual analog scale (VAS) at baseline, and 7, 14, and 21 days post‐treatment. The results were analyzed by DH percent reduction for each observational moment in relation to baseline, for test and control teeth separately. Mean percent reductions for each group were compared by paired sample t test, with an alpha level of 0.05.

Results: On day 7, percent reduction for the test and control groups was 29.4% and 13.4%, respectively. On day 14 it was 64.6% and 20.5%, and on day 21 it was 81% and 34.7%, respectively. Significant differences between treatments were observed at 14 and 21 days.

Conclusion: It may be concluded that subgingival scaling and root planing followed by a single application of a 3% potassium oxalate gel resulted in a significantly higher reduction of dentinal hypersensitivity at 14 and 21 days, when compared to the placebo. J Periodontol 2004;75:1461‐1464.
DNA pooling analysis of 21 norepinephrine transporter gene SNPs with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: No evidence for association
Authors: Xu Xiaohui , Knight Jo , Brookes Keeley , Mill Jonathan , Sham Pak , Craig Ian , Taylor Eric , Asherson Philip
Published: February 2005

The norepinephrine system is known to play a role in attentional and cognitive‐energetic mechanisms and is thought to be important in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Stimulant medications are known to alter the activity of norepinephrine as well as dopamine in the synapse and the highly selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, atomoxetine, is an effective treatment for ADHD symptoms. This study set out to investigate whether common polymorphisms within the norepinephrine transporter gene (NET1) are associated with DSM‐IV ADHD combined subtype, using a sample that has previously shown association with genes that affect the synaptic release and uptake of neurotransmitters; DAT1 and SNAP‐25. We identified 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from publicly available databases that had minor allele frequencies ≥5% and span the NET1 genomic region, including those analyzed in previous studies of ADHD. DNA pooling was used to screen for associations using two case pools (n = 180 cases) and four control pools (n = 334 controls). We identified three SNPs that showed suggestive evidence for association using either case‐control or within family tests of association, however, none of these were significant after adjustment for the number of markers analyzed. We conclude that none of the markers show significant evidence of association with ADHD although we cannot rule out small genetic effects. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro evolution and characterization of a ligase ribozyme adapted to acidic conditions: Effect of further rounds of evolution
Authors: Miyamoto Yoshitaka , Teramoto Naozumi , Imanishi Yukio , Ito Yoshihiro
Published: February 2005

A ligase ribozyme that accelerates the ligation reaction with an oligonucleotide under low pH conditions was identified by in vitro adaptation in a previous study. We examined the effects of further rounds of evolution to isolate a more active ribozyme. The ribozyme, which was obtained after four rounds of evolution, was randomly mutated, and the resultant RNA library was subjected to in vitro selection at low pH. One ribozyme isolated from the pool was found to react 8,000 times faster than the original b1 ribozyme at pH 4. The reaction rate of the isolated ribozyme was enhanced at various pH values, and its pH dependence was less than that of the original ribozyme or the ribozyme selected with four rounds of evolution. The reaction rate of the isolated ribozyme was reduced in the presence of 3′ primer, the sequence of which is complementary to the 3′ primer‐binding site of the ligase ribozyme. This inhibition induced by the primer oligonucleotide binding to the ribozyme 3′ region implies that the 3′ region plays a role in the ligation reaction of the ribozyme. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.