bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of Impinging Stream-Cavitations and Micro-Electrolysis Reactor and Treatment of High Concentration Wastewater
Authors: Wu Hao , Li Fu Bao , Li Qin , Sha Wei
Published: September 2013

A micro-electrolysis reactor combined with the technology of impinging stream-cavitations drum was designed. Then it was used in the treatment of high concentration wastewater. Under the conditions of reaction time is 60 min, ratio of iron to carbon is 1 and the pressure of the air compressor is 8Mpa, the COD and chromaticity could remove 95.7% and 85.9% respectively. The biodegradability was improved obviously with 0.55 of BOD5/COD. The determinations of kinetics under the best conditions show that, the mode of COD removal basically conforms to the rule of first order kinetics. The reaction rate in our reactor was faster than only micro-electrolysis or only cavitations obviously. The conjunction of impinging stream-cavitations and micro-electrolysis has good synergism and facilitation.
Applications and Technologies of Reusing Waste Gun Propellants
Authors: Wang Peng , Wei Xiao An , He Wei Dong , Shi Yan Long
Published: September 2013

As a kind of particular hazardous materials, waste or expired gun propellants must be properly disposed. The applications of reusing waste gun propellants in the industry of china were summarized. Some disposal technologies were also introduced. Waste gun propellants were not only transformed into some chemical products and civil special energies, but also they were reused as ingredients in different kinds of industrial explosives. Among those the incorporation of propellants into industry explosives offers the most economically effective, safe and environmentally friendly method. This paper also suggests that the trend for disposing energetic materials is resource, recovery and reuse (R3) technology.
Geochemical Study of Engineering Shield of Uranium, Strontium and Cesium at a very Low Level Waste Disposal Site
Authors: Zhang Pei Cong , Ni Shi Jun , Qiu Ke Hui , Li Jun Feng , Deng Miao , Qiu Yu Chong , Wang Ke Yi
Published: September 2013

Advantages and disadvantages of natural shields in a very low level waste (VLLW) disposal area were studied with regard to the adsorption and fixation capability of the natural shields against radioactive elements Uranium, Strontium and Cesium, with the understanding of the hydrogeological and geochemical characteristics of the surrounding area. Necessity of establishing geochemical engineering shield in the disposal area is discussed based on the understanding of the inadequacy of the natural shields against Uranium and Strontium. A physical chemistry model involving three-fold of shields suitable for the disposal area is proposed with integrated consideration of the results from efficacy and endurance experiments on the natural shield.
Interfacially Polymerized Composite Hollow Fiber Membrane for CO2 Separation
Authors: Salih Alsamani A. M. , Yi Chun Hai , Yang Bo Lun , Chen Peng
Published: September 2013

PEAm-TMC/PDMS/PVC composite hollow fiber membrane for CO2 separation was developed through interfacial polymerization (IP) on the PDMS pre-coated inner surface of PVC hollow fiber. Polyetheramine (PEAm) and Trimesoyl chloride (TMC) were selected as aqueous monomer and organic monomer, respectively. SEM observation result shows that the thickness of PEAm-TMC IP layer is about 215 nm. The effects of monomer concentrations and acid acceptor concentration on the membrane performance were investigated. The results shows that the CO2 permeance decareses and CO2/N2 selectivity increases with the increasing concentrations of PEAm, TMC and Na2CO3. At 0.12 MPa, the composite hollow fiber membrane possesses a very high CO2 permeance of 964 GPU and CO2/N2 selectivity of 40.6.
Adsorption of Ammonium Nitrogen in Water by Rice Husk Charcoal: A Simulation Study
Authors: Han Jian Gang , Zhao Gang , Dou Long Shuai , Jing Yu Jing , Zhu Yong Li
Published: September 2013

Rice husk charcoal, a kind of new environmentally friendly biomass materials, which is made from rice husk under anaerobic combustion at 300°C, has been increasingly applied to remedy some polluted sites. Rice husk charcoal was employed to investigate adsorption of ammonium in simulated waste water, using once balance method. It is found that ammonium nitrogen in water can be rapidly adsorbed by rice husk charcoal in 2 min with maximum sorption capacity of 2.6 mg/g (Langmuir isotherm adsorption model). The n value of 1.2 in Freundlich isotherm model indicates that the absorbent is very suitable for rapid removal of ammonium from water. In addition, quasi-second order kinetic equation is well suited to describe ammonium absorption with time (P<0.01). The adsorption mechanism is supposed that rice husk charcoal firstly imbibes in water and much swells, and then ammonium ion diffuses into the micro pore structure and redistributes upon a steady state.
Effect of Steam on the Reaction Performance of Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Cyclohexane
Authors: Jin Mei , Zhan Li , Lu Ping , Yu Guo Xian
Published: September 2013

The effect of steam, fed to the fixed-bed microreactor reactor, on the oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexane over Mg3(VO4)2 catalyst was reported. The catalyst characterization results showed that the crystal structure, the electron cloud distributions of the active species and the oxygen species, and the reducibility of the active species are not influence by the introduction of steam. It was observed that steam added to the oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexane competes for sites required for gas-phase oxygen activation, which catalyst lattice oxygen utilization is not affected. The shorter residence time and the competition for sites with oxygen causes a decrease in cyclohexane conversion and a corresponding increase in selectivity to cyclohexene.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Acrylic Acid, Acrolein and Hydroquinone Using TiO2 under Simulated Solar Irradiation
Authors: Gong Yan Wen , Cheng Xue Ni , Zhang Hong Xun
Published: September 2013

Nitrogen doping TiO2was prepared and used to degrade acrolein wastewater under simulated solar irradiation acrylic acid. The results showed that the removal of acrolein, hydroquinone and acrylic acid were 0.73, 0.64, 0.26 after 4 hour degradation by TiO2/UV system. The degradation of acrolein, hydroquinone and acrylic acid using TiO2/UV system followed pseudo first-order kinetics. It results indicated that this proposed method can be useful for the pretreatment acrolein wastewater.
Shell Powder for Strengthening Phosphate Removal Efficiency in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Sun Hong Jie , Yang Shao Hua , Cui Yu Bo
Published: September 2013

Phosphorus removal from wastewater has always been given serious attention in sewage treatment. Eutrophication can happen if phosphorus wastewater is directly discharged into natural water and high phosphorus-contained irrigation water may lead crops beat down. The research investigated the phosphorus removal efficiency in wastewater by shell powder. The experiment results showed that the best removal effect could meet the Wastewater Treatment Plant Discharge Standard (GB18918-2002) Grade I-A in China, which can be achieved under the conditions of the dosage of shell powder solution 1 ml, pH > 11 and precipitation one to four hours at the initial phosphorus concentration of about 3 mg/L.
Application of Flocculant and Coagulant to Coal Slime Water
Authors: Sun Yin Yu , Xu Chu Yang , Nie Rong Chun , Zheng Ji Hong
Published: September 2013

Through the analysis of size composition, ash and other properties of Qidong coal mine, three kinds of coagulants and flocculants are used to do the settlement test. The concentration of coal slime water, the types and effect of flocculant and coagulant on the settling are also studying. The research shows that when the concentration of coal slime water is 50g/L, 75g/L and 100g/L, the best flocculant is APAM whose dosage is respectively 4g/m3, 8g/m3 and 12g/m3, and the optimal coagulant is poly-aluminum whose dosage is respectively 150g/m3, 700g/m3 and 1100g/m3. In addition, the coal slime water flocculation will get a better result if the flocculant is added later than the coagulant.
Comparison of Linear and Nonlinear Regressive Analysis in Estimating the Thomas Model Parameters for Anionic Dye Adsorption onto CPB Modified Peanut Husk in Fixed-Bed Column
Authors: Zhang Xiao Na , Shang Yu , Wang Lei , Song Yu Bing , Han Run Ping , Li Yan Qiang
Published: September 2013

Comparison analysis of linear least square method and nonlinear least square method for estimating the kinetic parameters was made using the experimental column data of Light green adsorption onto a cationic surfactant hexadecylpyridinium bromide (CPB) modified peanut husk (MPH) at different flow rate and initial concentration. The data were fitted to Thomas model equations using linear and non-linear regressive analysis, respectively and the error analysis was performed. The results showed that both methods are suitable to predict the breakthrough curves using Thomas model parameters and the nonlinear method is better.
Preparation of Sodium Ferrate by Microwave Method
Authors: Cui Peng , Chen Shan Shan , Li Dang Sheng , Zhao Peng
Published: September 2013

Sodium ferrate solution was obtained with microwave method using Fe3O4 as iron source. The product was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrum (UV-Vis). And the results indicated that the prepared product was sodium ferrate, which has a maximum absorption at 505nm. The concentration of the product was affected by many reaction conditions, such as activation time, reaction time, and concentration of reactant. The optimum conditions was determined through a series experiment, at which the concentration of sodium ferrate was 1.41g/L.
TiO2 Supported Clinoptilotile: Characterization and Optimization of Operational Parameters for Methyl Orange Removal
Authors: Saheed Sanni O. , Modise Sekomeng J. , Sipamla Allworth M.
Published: September 2013

Titania dispersed on dealuminated Clinoptilotile (TiO2/HCP) was synthesized and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Supporting characterization techniques reveals partly dispersion of TiO2 within the cavities of dealuminated Clinoptilotile (HCP) and TiO2 exist as nanoparticles or clusters on the HCP surface ascribed to lower loading of TiO2. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange solution was conducted under UV-irradiation in the presence of TiO2/HCP. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange in the presence of the photocatalyst was optimized at lower loading of TiO2, at a lower initial dye concentration (30 ppm), calcination temperature of 873K and nitrate ion accelerates degradation activities of methyl orange. Kinetic studies depict the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange follows the pseudo-first order reaction.
Continuous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxides on Immobilized Ru Functionalistic Catalysts
Authors: Ma Li Ping , Xu Wen Juan
Published: September 2013

Functionalized catalyst preparation is a new and attractive method for hydrogenation of carbon dioxides. Three kind of carriers were functionalized firstly and then Ru was immobilized on the carriers. Continuous catalytic hydrogenation process was used to evaluate the activity of the catalyst on fixed-bed. It was found that the main production are formic acid and CO at 10MPa, and both the selectivity and recovery of CO are more than 90%, the hydrogen reaction mechanism could be explained with the reversed water gas reaction process. This may offer a new way for the reuse of CO2.
On Cross-Strait Cooperation for Environmental Preservation at the South China Sea - An Angle of Rescue and Salvage at the Sea
Authors: Xu Peng , Li Ren Yuan
Published: September 2013

Complex geographical position and meteorology make the SCS become high-risk area of accident. In order to prevent from accident to avoid marine pollution or minimize pollution as soon as possible in the SCS, strengthening rescue and salvage is necessary. Because of characteristics of the Marine pollution and special situation in the SCS, cross-strait cooperation for marine environmental preservation in the SCS should be strengthened. In this case, cross-strait cooperation on establishing a salvage company for rescue and prevention of pollution in the SCS can integrate cross-strait salvage power to promote marine environmental preservation.
Extraction Removal of Copper from Yunnan Red Soil Using EDTA and Citric Acid
Authors: Chen Meng Yun , Gao Yun Tao , Zhou Xue Jin , Ma Lin Zhuan , Huang Sheng Li , Li Jian Hong , Hu An Fei , Yuan Ruo Sen
Published: September 2013

Extraction behaviour of copper from Yunnan red soil by EDTA and citric acid were investigated. The influencing factors of EDTA and citric acid extraction were obtained. The EDTA and citric acid composite extraction for copper was also tested. The result showed that the extraction of copper for the system of low concentration citric acid (0.003 mol/L EDTA+0.05 mol/L) can reach to 64.8%, which is very close to that for thesystem of high concentration citric acid (0.003 mol/L EDTA+0.1 mol/L citric acid) (64.9%), and is high than that for 0.01 mol/L EDTA (61.1% )and 0.1 mol/L citric acid (61.2%).
The Study of Ammonia-Nitrogen and COD Removing Performance of Ferrate (VI)
Authors: Li Dang Sheng , Chen Xi Liang
Published: September 2013

This paper presents a comparative study of the performance of ferrate (VI) towards wastewater treatment. The ferrate was produced by microwave irradiation-assisted hypochlorite-oxidation method. And the concentration of the prepared ferrate was determined by UV-Vis spectrum. Domestic wastewater collected from Longting lake of Kaifeng city was treated with ferrate (VI). Samples were analyzed for COD and ammonia-nitrogen removal. Results demonstrated that low addition of ferrate (VI) leads to good removal of COD and ammonia nitrogen. So ferrate (VI) is an effective reagent for wastewater treatment.
Taguchi Method in the Evaluation of Vacuum Membrane Distillation in Water Desalination
Authors: Masoudi Soltani Salman , Kazemi Yazdi Sara
Published: September 2013

Taguchi method has been applied to evaluate the effects of operational parameters on the efficiency of vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) in the desalination of water. It was observed that permeate increases with an increase in feed temperature and vacuum pressure. However, feed salt concentration adversely affected the amount of the collected permeate due to the reduction of vapour pressure as a result of the presence of the solute in water. Flow rate, however, could only increase the permeate if it was increased from 37.5 to 50 ml/s. Any further increase in flow rate to 100 ml/s, negatively lowered the permeate due to the limited feed/membrane contact time. We observed that at very high salt concentration (300 g/l) the permeate reduces accordingly, highlighting the fact that VMD should be used with care due to the presence of membrane fouling and/or other simultaneous flux-lowering effects present at concentrated feeds.
Adsorption of Benzothiophene on Activated Carbon Supported Copper and Palladium
Authors: Wang Guang Jian , Zhang Jian Kang , Liu Hui
Published: September 2013

Deep desulfurization via π-complexation adsorption is a promising method for the purification of diesel. Activated carbon (AC) with copper and palladium deposited on their surfaces were investigated as adsorbents to remove benzothiophene (BT) from model diesel fuel. The adsorbents were prepared by ultrasonic-assisted impregnation and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The adsorption isotherms of BT were also investigated.
Comparative Study for Catalytic Cracking of Model Bio-Oil and Palm Kernel Shell Derived Bio-Oil
Authors: Jamil Farrukh , Ahmad Murni Melati , Yusup Suzana
Published: September 2013

This work investigates the comparison between upgraded product from model bio-oil and bio-oil from PKS. The process is carried out in the presence of HZSM-5 at temperature of 500oC, 3bar pressure and oil/catalyst ratio of 15. It is observed that the properties such as pH, density, calorific value and elemental value of products are improved. The calorific value for upgraded bio-oil is 31.65 MJ/kg while for model bio-oil the value is 30.32 MJ/kg at same operating conditions. The degree of deoxygenation of the upgraded bio-oil and upgraded model bio-oil is 43.74% and 45.56% respectively. The study showed that the model bio-oil can be used to represent the bio-oil.
Poly(N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate) Gas Separation Membranes
Authors: Du Wen Lin , Shen Tie Wei , Wang Shi Jiang , Ding Guan Gen , Cao Yue Qiang , Wu Yi Min , Du Run Hong
Published: September 2013

Composite membranes comprised of a thin poly (N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) layer and a microporous polysulfone substrate were prepared by coating method. The effects of parameters involved in the membrane preparation procedure on the permselectivity of the resulting membrane were investigated by a factorial design. The permeability of the membrane to N2, CH4 and CO2 was tested and the membrane showed a high permselectivity to CO2.
Simulation Investigation of NO Reduction by CO in Sintering Process
Authors: Han Hong Jing , Chen Yan Guang , Yu Feng Ming , Li Jin Lian , Liu Shu Zhi , Wang Bao Hui
Published: September 2013

Effects of CaO, MgO, Fe2O3 and sintering ores on NO reduction by CO was investigated with or without oxygen present. The NO reduction reaction was carried out in a fixed bed quartz reactor with CaO, MgO, Fe2O3 and sintering ore as bed materials under the temperature range from 600°C to 1000°C. The results showed that the order of the catalytic effect on NO reduction by CO was, CaO > sintered ores > Fe2O3 > MgO. Under the action of the sintered ores, the NO conversion was over 90% with 1.2% CO. The presence of oxygen didnt favor the NO reduction by CO.
Effects of Oxygen-Plasma Treatment Time on the Properties of UHMWPE Fiber
Authors: Wang Wen Yu , Jin Xin , Wang Bo , Bian Li Na
Published: September 2013

Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers were treated by low temperature oxygen-plasma. The effects of oxygen-plasma treatment time on the properties of UHMWPE have been investigated. The wetting ability and roughness were increased significantly after the treatment. While, the tensile strength at break of UHMWE fibers were decreased with the treatment time. The optimum plasma treatment time is 2min.
Comparison between Green Liquor Pretreatment-Kraft Pulping and Conventional Kraft Pulping
Authors: Xie Zhang Hong , Zhou Jing Hui , Li Hai Ming , Sun Guang Wei
Published: September 2013

This paper studied the differences of pulping performances, beating characteristics and strength properties between green liquor pretreatment-Kraft pulping and conventional Kraft pulping based on previous optimized pulping conditions. The green liquor pretreatment-Kraft pulping has higher yield, lower Kappa number, reduced residual effective alkali and decreased viscosity. Green liquor pretreatment improves pulp strength properties although green liquor pretreatment-Kraft pulp has beating characteristics similar to conventional Kraft pulp.
Study on Bamboo Kraft Pulping with DTPMPA
Authors: Gao Hong Xia , Guan Xiu Qiong , Ding Chun Yue
Published: September 2013

DTPMPA (Diethylene Triamine Penta Methylene Phosphonic Acid) was used as cooking additive in Bamboo pulping. The effect of cooking parameters such as alkali charge, maximum cooking temperature, and time at maximum temperature on bamboo kraft pulping adding additive Diethylene Triamine Penta Methylene Phosphonic Acid was studied. The results show that the optimized bamboo kraft pulping conditions are: alkali charge 17%, maximum cooking temperature 162°C, and time at maximum temperature 60min when DTPMPA dosage is 0.4%. On the optimized conditions of cooking, the highest screened bamboo pulp yield 49.52%, the kappa number of bamboo pulp is 24.68, residual alkali in kraft waste liquor 3.62g/L .
Influences of Ion Abundance of Cationic Hydrophilic Polyurethane Modified with Polysiloxane on its Emulsion Properties
Authors: Song Ru Yi , Li Yong Yan , Li Xin Ping , Zhang Jing , Quan Heng
Published: September 2013

Several cationic water-based polyurethanes end-capped with silicone coupling agent with different ion abundance are prepared. The effects of ion abundance of those polyurethanes on its emulsion particle size distribution, wet rubbing fastness improvement, hydrophility and soft handle are studied. The results show that the sample with moderate cationic ion abundance has optimal efficiency for color fixing of reactive dyes, and the quaterized cationic groups in polyurethane molecule should has positive contribution to hydrophility and soft handle of the treated fabric, especially for the color fabric treated with higher concentration polyurethane emulsion.
Influences of Reactive Capping Rate of Cationic Hydrophilic Polyurethane Capped with Coupling Agent on its Color Fixing Properties
Authors: Xie Nan Ping , Li Ming , Zhang Jing , Li Xin Ping , Quan Heng
Published: September 2013

A sort of special cationic hydrophilic polyurethane with moderate chemical reactivity is prepared as anti-crocking agent of fabric dyed with reactive dyes. Influences of chemical reactivity and processing parameters such as quaterization and end-group capping conditions of auxiliaries on its application properties are studied. The results imply that moderate reactive capping rate of cationic hydrophilic polyurethane (about 13%), quaterization conditions of 55-60°C ×30-40min and end-group capping conditions of 50°C×40min are optimum. The deep color fabric treated with our auxiliary takes on a higher wet rubbing fastness than the untreated one by 1-1.5 grade and the hydrophility and soft handle of the fabric are better than the fabric treated with traditional color fixing agent.
Preparation and Application of the Soda Substitute for Medium Temperature Reactive Dyestuffs
Authors: Xiao Guang Zhi , Zhang Jing , Li Xin Ping , Quan Heng
Published: September 2013

Inorganic alkalis and pH stabilizers are employed to building a soda substitute MZ-M for dye fixing of medium temperature reactive dyestuffs. The influences of alkalis, buffers, alkalinity controller, additives and the ratio between them on its dye fixing properties are studied. Furthermore, the practicability of MZ-M for dye fixing of medium temperature reactive dyestuffs is appraised. The studies show that the dye depth K/S of samples treated with MZ-M is not less than the samples dye fixed with sodium carbonate, the color fastnesses are more than grade 4 and the dosage of MZ-M is only 8-10% of that of Na2CO3.
Application of Ecological Size in Term of Textile Process
Authors: Tong Yun
Published: September 2013

Discussion on application on ecological size on warp sizing in textile production, aimed to substitute PVA(Polyvinyl alcohol) as primary size in warp slashing, which has been used for a long term despite of poor degradation in nature. Concerning the ecological sizing, the key factors such as size property, sizing recipe as well as technique parameters known as sizing regain, moisture regain, elongation regain, squeezing pressure, viscosity of size glue, solid content and other factors has been discussed.
An Accuracy Estimation Method for Composite Thermal Conductivity Based on Experiments
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Ye Ming , Ling Ju , Wang Hong
Published: September 2013

Proposed an accuracy estimation method combined thin films section of hot disk thermal constants analyzer and Fourier transform formula, saves the requirement that heat capacity must be given in advance when use anisotropic model hot disk thermal constants analyzer to test the thermal conductivity of materials with coating. Use the anisotropic model of hot disk thermal constants analyzer and heat transfer experiment to testify the accuracy of this method.
Investigation of Mixing Performance in the Extruder with Embedded Planetary-Screws
Authors: He Liang , Xu Bai Ping , Yu Hui Wen , Wang Xiao Long , Xue Gang
Published: September 2013

The novel geometrical configuration of embedded planetary-screws is proposed in the paper. The corresponding numerical simulation and the experimental investigation are carried out to characterize the mixing performance. Adopting commercial software FLUENT, the simplified physical model is presented with the boundary conditions imposed by UDF codes which are developed by us. Compared with the traditional single screw extruder, the flow and mixing are primarily investigated by using particle tracking technology. The sensitivity to initial positions is found in the novel screw configuration, which is caused by the periodic perturbation of planetary-screws. In contrast, the traditional laminar mixing occurs in single screw extruders. Compared with the traditional twin screw extruder, the experimental characterization of filled system of adding active nanometer CaCO3 into LLDPE matrix is conducted. No obvious difference in dispersion of CaCO3 is found when the extrusion samples are observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), on the condition that the both extrusion outputs are equal. The shear rate in the novel screw configuration is relatively smaller, and the extrusion characteristic is more excellent.
Finite Element Analysis of Mixing Arm and Shaft Based on ANSYS
Authors: Wang Xiao Jing , Cui Meng , Li Dong Hui
Published: September 2013

The screw shaft is the main structure of the horizontal dryer used in polysilicon industry. It is the key factor for dryer to work normally that strength and stiffness of shaft and mixing arms meet the standard. According to material properties and working environment, the models of shaft and mixing arm were built respectively by ANSYS. The deformation and stress distribution were obtained through finite element analysis which provided reference for design and optimization. The results show that the shaft and mixing arm satisfy the requirement of strength and stiffness.
Study on Temperature Distribution of Solid-Plug Conveying Element on Centrifugal Extruder by Experiments
Authors: Zhao Jing , Wang Shi Jie , Gu Yan Ling
Published: September 2013

In this paper, a new polymer process machine--- centrifugal extruder is introduced. The pressure and temperature distribution of centrifugal extruder has been studied by theoretical analysis, which is based on mathematics and experiments. The results show that the pressure and temperature Distribution can provide the processing of solid-plug conveying sufficiently and stably, which can prove the industry practicability of centrifugal extruder.
The Numerical Investigation of Configuration Improvement on Gas Distributor in a Hydrogenated Reactor
Authors: Li Cai Xia , Wang Si Min , Xu Shi Feng , Wen Jian
Published: September 2013

Gas distributor is of vital significance to the stability of hydrogenation reaction. The distribution performance of original style was studied with CFD numerical simulation method and an improved distributor was proposed in this paper. Compared with the original style, the new structure overcame the center-manifold phenomenon. The velocity distribution of the new distributor at evaluation plane was more uniform and pressure drop was smaller. The distribution performance of the new distributor was better, and the improved structure of the new distributor was obtained through further investigation, which will provide instructional information for industry application.
Experimental Research on the New Foam Drilling Fluid System
Authors: Xu Hai Min , Zhao Lin , Wu Hua , Huang Wan Long , Ma Dong , Wang Qiang
Published: September 2013

Based on the formation characteristics of high temperature (above130°C ) and multi-salt, we optimize several blowing agent monomers to compound a new type of foaming agent, and screen out the new foam stabilizer to determine the new ebonite foam drilling fluid system. In the laboratory, we evaluated its resistance to high temperature, salt and oil pollution. And we made a research on its rheological characteristics of the foam and the behavior of high salinity. The experimental result shows that the ebonite foam drilling fluid has much more foam, longer stable time, significant effect of the resistance to high temperature, salt and oil pollution and has good sand-carrying ability, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of loss circulation and meet the requirement of rock carrying and wellbore stabilization.
Performance Evaluation and Application of the Non-Clay Weak Gel Drilling Fluid for Daniudi Gas Field
Authors: Huang Wan Long , Lou Yi Shan , Ma Xiao Yong , Xu Hai Min , Wang Qiang
Published: September 2013

Daniudi Gas Field reservoir has low degree of porosity and permeability, thus it is highly susceptible to the invasion of the solid phase of clay particles in the drilling fluid during the drilling process, in view of these problems, we introduce the non-clay weak gel drilling fluid system. Experiments of the drilling fluid system for rheological property, salt-resisting pollution, hot rolling rate of recovery, reservoir damage evaluation and drilling fluid treating chemical opimization have been taken. The experimental results show that the drilling fluid system has excellent temperature-resisting and salt-resisting character, good ability of suspending debris and strong inhibitory action, its rheological property can meet the needs of the long horizontal section of drilling engineering and the reservoir protection effect is excellent. In DP21 well horizontal section construction, each performance indicator of the drilling fluid can be controlled well and effectively solve the problems of cuttings carrying, borehole wall stability and reservoir protection, successfully completed the DP21 well drilling construction task.
Experimental Investigation on Enhancive Effect of Hydrodynamic Cavitation
Authors: Deng Jie , Wang Ai He , Wang Cai Wen
Published: September 2013

Based on the principle of hydraulics,an effective equipment of hydrodynamic cavitation is designed and built in this paper.The orifice plates with various geometry size were used as hydrodynamic cavitation generator to study the relation ship between many factor,such as,inlet pressure,discharge,flow speed in orifice,and the cavitation number.Analysis of water flow cavitation status for the experimental unit,this device can produce cavitation phenomenon.The methylene blue and spectrophotometer method can capture the free radicals generated successfully.This is an effective way to measuring the free radicals quantitatively in cavitation,moreover it is easy to fulfill.The intensity of cavitation increases with reduction in the cavitation number.By analyzing the influence of cavitation number on concentrations of •OH.It would be strength of hydrodynamic cavitation.The effect of operating parameters,such as inlet press,low speed in orifice and optimum the structure of hydrodynamic cavitation,best condition of the hydrodynamic cavitation is the inlet press、flow speed in orifice 14 m/s、 0.07.
N,N-Diethylammonium O,O’-Di(3-methylphenyl)dithiophosphate as Corrosion Inhibitor for Q235 Steel in HCL Solution
Authors: Zhu Sha Sha , Yang Qin Huan , Xie Bin , Li Yu Long , Lin Xiao , Feng Jian Shen , Zou Li Ke
Published: September 2013

The corrosion inhibition of N,N-diethylammonium O,O-di (3-methylphenyl) dithio-phosphate (NDOMD) for Q235 steel in HCl solution was studied by electrochemical measurements and weight loss measurements. And the effects of temperature, HCl concentration and immersion time were also studied. Polarization curves indicate the NDOMD is a mixed-type inhibitor which anodic plays a leading role. The studies of weight loss measurement show that the inhibition efficiency was up to 94.46% at the NDOMD concentration of 100 mg·L-1 in 1.0 mol.L-1 HCl solution at 30°C. The adsorption of NDOMD on Q235 steel surface obeys the Langmuir isotherm.
Influence of Impregnation-Vacuum Filtration Conditions on Ni Dispersion and Activity of Ni-Cordierite for Hydrogenation
Authors: Liu Shao Wen , Guan Zhuo Long , Qing Lei , Chen Jiu Ling , Wang Hai Nan , Hu Si Jiang
Published: September 2013

The influence of the preparation conditions of the impregnation-vacuum filtration method was investigated systematically on the Ni dispersion and the activity of Ni-cordierite structured catalysts in hydrogenation of m-dinitrobenzene to m-phenylenediamine. H2-TPD measurement showed that the Ni dispersion has close relationship with the impregnation solution concentration of nickel nitrate, the impregnation time, the vacuum degree, the vacuum filtration time and the calcination temperature. The hydrogenation activity test and nitrogen physisorption investigation showed that the catalytic performance of Ni-cordierite is dependent upon the Ni dispersion and the chemisorption mode of m-dinitrobenzene on Ni particles.
Research on the Tensile Properties of Microcellular PS with Supercritical CO2
Authors: Liao Xin , Wang Chang Chun , Cao Xiao Miao
Published: September 2013

Separating the influence of relative density and cell diameter on the tensile properties is very important to the theory research on mechanic properties of microcellular foamed materials. In this article, differences of the influences of relative density and cell diameter on the tensile properties are identified by the foaming PS in constrained mold. The effects of relative density and foaming process conditions such as foaming temperature, foaming time and saturated pressure on the tensile strength and Youngs modulus are analyzed. The results show that relative density is the only structural variable of Youngs modulus and Youngs modulus is not relative to cell diameter. Youngs modulus is in proportion to relative density. Tensile stress of microcellular PS is in contrast to cell diameter, decreases with increasing foaming time and foaming temperature and increases with saturated pressure.
Development and Evaluation of Salt-Resisting Polymer Gel Profile Control Agent
Authors: Yang Guang , Zhang Jian , Xue Xin Sheng , Cui Ying Xian , Zhao Wen Sen
Published: September 2013

Be aimed at the characteristics of high temperature-salinity and severe heterogeneity of Bohai oilfield. This paper studies three different strength kinds of polymer gel profile control agents. Use storage modulus evaluates strength of polymer gel. the result indicate that the storage modulus of weak gel is between0.1 Pa and 1.0 Pa, the storage modulus of moderate gel is between1.0 Pa and 3.1 Pa, the maximal value of powerful gels storage modulus is11.9 Pa during 90 days. Core laboratory findings indicate that these different strength kinds of polymer gel have well formation sealing quality and endure washing out quality,40PV by water erosion , the formation sealing rate is up 90%.the experiment result of water shutoff and flooding oil indicate that the EOR is13.44% in heterogeneity core.
Preparation of an In Situ Crosslinked Polymer Coating and a Double-Layered Thermal CTP Plate
Authors: Wang Wei Wei , Li Zhong Xiao , Feng Yu Guang , Gong Jun Jie
Published: September 2013

The research relates to a method for preparing an in-situ crosslinked polymer coating. It has excellent solubility in aqueous alkaline solution, but didnt dissolve in general organic solvents and water. The crosslinked polymer coating was made through the reaction of a copolymer derived from diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) and ethacryloyloxyethyl-carbazochrome-p-toluenesulfonamide (MCTS) with a crosslinking agent, isonicotinyl hydrazide. The two components were dissolved in 3-methoxypropanol to prepare the coating solution, which was then coated to a grained and anodized aluminum substrate and dried at 120 °C for 5 min to obtain the crosslinked coating. There exists intermolecular hydrogen bond between the pyridine ring of isonicotinyl hydrazide and the sulfonamide group of the MCTS unit of the copolymer. The reaction between the hydrazide group and the carbonyl group during the drying process generated the hydrazone bond, resulting in the crosslinked polymer coating. The intermolecular hydrogen bond and the covalent bond render the coating insoluble in most organic solvents. However, the hydrogen bond was readily broken down when the coating was exposed to aqueous alkaline solution due to the ionization of the sulfonamide group, causing rapid dissolution of the coating. The coating was also used as the under-layer for the preparation of a double-layed CTP plate. The performance of the double-layed CTP plate was preliminarily studied.
Mechanical and Dynamic Properties of Silica-Filled Rubber Compounds
Authors: Rassamee Watcharin , Thaijaroen Woothichai , Pongprayoon Thirawudh
Published: September 2013

Natural rubber compound using different silicas, including unmodified silica, admicellar-modified silica and silica with silane coupling agent, were studied. The properties including cure characteristics, mechanical properties and dynamic properties were examined with the comparison of three compounds. The results show that cure characteristics of admicellar silica/rubber compound (Ad-Si/R) was shorter than those of unmodified silica/rubber compound (Un-Si/R) and silane coupling silica/rubber compound (Sil-Si/R). Mechanical properties of Ad-Si/R and Sil-Si/R were better than those of Un-Si/R. In addition, wet grip and rolling resistance analyzed from tan δ (5 Hz) at 0°C and 60°C, respectively, by DMA were found that the wet grip of Ad-Si/R was the best, whereas the rolling resistance of Sil-Si/R was the best, in the comparison.
R-ATRP of Acrylamide under the Action of Iron Complex System in Inverse Emulsion
Authors: Wang Qian Yun , Cao Ya Feng , Tian Ye , Liu Zhao Li , Li Yuan , Tan Feng Zhi
Published: September 2013

Reaction of acrylamide in inverse emulsion, adding Fe (EDTA)2-, with ammonium persulfate (APS) to form complex initiation system, Fe (EDTA)2 -is oxidized to Fe (EDTA)-, the control effect of the Fe (EDTA)-in the inverse emulsion polymerization of acrylamide was discussed. The results showed that acrylamide in inverse emulsion polymerization reaction by adding Fe (EDTA)2-, When the complex concentration is 2.8×10-4mol/L, n [(NH4)2S2O8]::n (FeSO4):n (Na2EDTA)=1:1:1.10, the reaction time was 6 hours, the amount of emulsifier is 3%,the reaction temperature is 40°C , The rate of conversion of monomer Increased in linear relationship with molecular weight, the final rate of conversion of monomer was 93.16%;a kinetic curve showed a good linear relationship, the coefficient of linear correlation was 0.997,Therefore, the Fe (EDTA)2 -have dual role firstly as a reducing agent of an oxidation - reduction initiator system and secondly as potential catalyst in reverse atom transfer radical polymerization (RATRP) .
Effect of CaCO3 on Thermal and Crystalline Morphology Properties of Biodegradable PHBV
Authors: Wang Kun Yan , Cao Feng
Published: September 2013

Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/CaCO3blends were prepared by solution blend method. The effect of CaCO3on the thermal and crystalline morphology properties was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG) and polarizing optical microscopy (POM) analyses. DSC showed the CaCO3affected the crystallization behavior of PHBV as heterogeneous nucleation agent. TG results indicated better processability of the blends with 3wt% CaCO3than that of pure PHBV. Integrated Maltese crossed spherulitic morphologies were revealed for both pure PHBV and PHBV/CaCO3blend. While small-sized PHBV spherulites were formed when CaCO3added to PHBV.
Synthesis and Application of an Anionic Poly-Carboxylate Dispersant for Kaolin Slurry
Authors: Zheng Yu Meng , Sun Xiao Ran , Li Guang Yue
Published: September 2013

A water-soluble graft copolymer, which was used to improve the dispersion properties of kaolin slurry with high solid content , was synthesized from sodium humate (HA), acrylic acid (AA), starch (St) and potassium persulfate (KPS) by aqueous solution polymerization. The influence of raw material ratio, dosage of initiator, temperature and reaction time to poly-dispersant properties, which was measured by kaolin slurry viscosity, was studied in detail. It was observed that poly-dispersant prepared in this study exhibited good dispersion properties for kaolin slurry. This is most probably due to high electrostatic repulsion force and steric stability between kaolin particles, which is fully covered by poly-dispersant with suitable molecular weight, molecules contain appropriate side chains and charge density. The optimum conditions are as follows: the mass ratio of St/(AA&HA) is 1:30, the mass ratio of HA/AA is 3:1, and the reaction temperature is 70°C, the dosage of KPS is 7%, reaction time is 2h. It was also observed that viscosity of kaolin slurry was strongly affected by concentrations of Poly(Starch-Acrylic acid-Sodium humate) (P(St-AA-HA)). The optimal content of the poly-dispersant is 0.5%. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) proved that the product was a graft copolymer of St-AA-HA.
Performance Study of Nonionic Filter Aid on Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid
Authors: Xu Jie , Fei De Jun , Wu Jian Xun , Dang Ya Gu
Published: September 2013

A non-ionic copolymer PAMA which has two functions of flocculation and surface activity was synthesized in aqueous solution. The copolymer was also characterized by means of infrared spectroscopic and unclear magnetic. The application performance of PAMA were studied, and the results show that the filtration rate of the phosphoric acid can be increased by about 3.8 times,the water content of the filter cake can be reduced by about 9.8%. Meanwhile, PAMA may increase the cake porosity by 25.82%,increase the mean void area about 7 times ,increase the surface contact angle of phophogypsum by 9.8°and decrease the surface tension by 7.4 mN·m-1 according to the SEM photos and hydrophobic experiment. All this confirms that PAMA is useful for vacuum filter system of wet process phosphoric acid.
Thermomechanical Analysis of Poly (Bisphenol-A Carbonate) Performance and Molecular Simulation
Authors: Wang Xiu Juan , Zheng Xiu Ting , Song Meng , Zhao Xiu Ying , Wu Si Zhu
Published: September 2013

This work studied the influence of different molecular structure of polycarbonate on its properties. Different types of polycarbonate molecular chain models were built by molecular simulation method. By combining experimental and molecular dynamic simulation results, it is concluded that the polycarbonate-OQ2720 has better thermal stability, mechanical properties and optical performance, which is a better choice for aviation materials and manufacturing process.
Liquefaction of Bamboo Polyhydric Alcohols and its Application in Polyurethane Foam Materials
Authors: Zhang Jin Ping , Du Meng Hao , Hu Li Song
Published: September 2013

Liquefy bamboo powder with the liquefacient of polyethylene glycol 400 and glycerin, and use the obtained liquefied product for preparing polyurethane foam materials. Results indicate that: 1) liquefaction ratio will be the highest when the proportion of PEG400 and glycerin is 80/20; 2) when the bamboo is liquefied, liquefied effect will be better if the mass ratio of bamboo powder and polyhydric alcohols is above 1: 4; 3) liquefaction ratio will be the highest when it is liquefied for 120min with 3% mass fraction of the catalyst--sulfuric acid and 170°C liquefied temperature; 4) hydroxyl value of the liquefied product of bamboo powder is 333.8mgKOH/g; 5) through the adjustment of foaming formula and technology, compressive strength of polyurethane plate with the thickness of 10mm and with the density of polyurethane foam materials of 0.4g/cm3, which is obtained from bamboo powder liquefied product is 17MPa, and the elasticity modulus is 1000MPa.
Compared Study on the Microstructure and HPLC Spectrum of Radix Isatis and Rhizoma et radix Baphicacanthis cusae
Authors: Pei Yi , Shi Cong , Nie Jiang Li
Published: September 2013

The microstructure and HPLC spectrum of Radix Isatis and Rhizoma et Radix Baphicacanthis cusae were studied. With the digital microscopy and HPLC, the microstructure and HPLC spectrum of commercially available Radix Isatis and Rhizoma et radix Baphicacanthis cusae from different sources were compared and analyzed. Compared Radix Isatis with Rhizoma et radix Baphicacanthis cusae from different sources, the results showed that the reticulated vessels, compound and single starch granules and stone cell were found in Radix Isatis, but there were the pitted vessels, parenchyma cells where there were small pits, single starch granules and cystolith in Rhizoma et radix Baphicacanthis cusae. Compared the similarity of HPLC spectrum, the results revealed that there were obvious differences between the microstructure and characteristic HPLC spectrum of Radix Isatis and Rhizome et radix Baphicacanthis cusae. The characteristic of the microstructure and HPLC spectrum of Radix Isatis and Rhizoma et radix Baphicacanthis cusae that was established in the study could be applied into the quality evaluation for these two medicines, at the same time provide a scientific basis and guarantee of methodology for quality specification .
Study on Extraction Process and Content Determination of Safflor Yellow
Authors: Nie Jiang Li , Shi Cong , Yan Guo Yan , Pei Yi
Published: September 2013

The aim was to study the extraction process of safflor yellow (SY) from Cacthamus tinctorius. The SY contents of five varieties which were planted in safflower production base in Tianjin were measured and compared, in order to determine its growth adaptability and herbal quality. [Method Based on the single-factor test, the optimum extraction process can be obtained after selecting the lager factor which affected extraction rate of safflor yellow. Then the SY contents of five varieties were determined by UV-visible spectrophotometer. [Result The orthogonal test showed that the optimal extraction process was to add 10 and 12 times amount of water and extract for 30min every time at 60°C, totally for 2 times. The SY contents of five varieties were significantly higher than or equal to the standard medicinal safflor. [Conclusion Five varieties of safflower which were planted in Tianjin showed good adaptability and herbal quality. This study would provide scientific basis for improving saline-alkali soil in Tianjin.
Eco-Friendly of Hibiscu cannabinus L. Fibers Dyeing with Natural Dye
Authors: Tangkawanit Sudaporn
Published: September 2013

This research was an intensive study on development of Hibiscus cannabinus L. fibers dyeing with natural dye. The result reflected that color shade and color strength value results were different depend on type of mordanted. The Hibiscus cannabinus L. washing with detergent dyeing with Caesalpinia sappan L. and various mordented showed that light fastness was in level 3-4, when CuSO4 and FeSO4 mordanted light fastness result was in level 4-5, mordants as lime, CuSO4 and FeSO4 were added washing fastness property was in level 5.
Development and Validation of Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for Roflumilast and Related Substances
Authors: Tan Fang
Published: September 2013

A reversed phase HPLC method was developed and validated for analysis of roflumilast, its related substances and degradation products, using Ecosil C18 column (250×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and detection wavelength of 215nm. The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.005mol·L-1ammonium dihydrogen phosphate buffer pH 3.5 in the ratio of 48:52 (v/v). The samples were analyzed using 20 μl injection volume and the column temperature was maintained at 30°C. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were found to be 2.6 ng/ml and 8ng/ml, respectively. The stability-indicating capability of method was established by forced degradation studies and method demonstrated successful separation of drug, its related substances and degradation products. The method is sensitive, specific, accurate, precise and stability indicating for the quantitation of drug, its related substances and other degradation compounds.