bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gobies of the Sculpins family (Cottidae) as a promising commercial objects for fishing in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk
Authors: Shershenkov Sergey , Rakitina Marina , Smirnov Andrey
Published: December 2021

On the basis of materials collected in 2012-2020, the ecology, the current state of the stock and some features of the biology of gobies of the Sculpins family living in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk, as well as the dynamics of their catch, are considered. The prospects for industrial development are shown.
Fishing capacity of South Baikal in terms of tourism development and limitations on fishing industry
Authors: Sukhodolov Alexander , Anoshko Pavel , Sukhodolov Yakov , Kolesnikova Alina
Published: December 2021

The article considers eco-economic aspects of using the fishing capacity of the basin of South Baikal in the framework of the development of tourism of the coastal territory within Slyudyansky Municipal District of Irkutsk Oblast and within the entire southern Baikal Region. The article proposes to more strongly focus on developing sport and recreational fishing in this most developed area of Lake Baikal.

The eco-economic and legal analysis carried out by the authors allows them to conclude that the traditional regulation of the stock of omul in Baikal by determining the total allowable catches and quotas is not effective enough, since it has led to the prohibition of not only industrial but also limitation of sport and recreational fishing for omul. At the same time, there is no reliable data that recreational fishing along the southern coast of Baikal is the reason for the decrease in the total stocks of omul in Baikal. On the contrary, the South Baikal fishing area can become the basis for a more dynamic development of the tourism industry in the region, including such types of it as cognitive tourism, ecological tourism and sports and recreational one. Moreover, it is the South Baikal fishing area and the coastal territory of Slyudyansky Municipal District that can become a testing site for developing more optimal (considering the specifics of various areas of Lake Baikal) ecological approaches to the regulation, rational use and reproduction of the stock of omul in Baikal for the purposes of sport and recreational fishing at Lake Baikal, as well as development of an environmentally friendly tourism industry in the region.

The authors propose to review the strategy of fishery development of the stocks of omul at Lake Baikal and remove restrictions on recreational fishing, accompanying this with organizational and legal measures that allow obtaining reliable statistical data on catches. Precisely in this most economically developed area of Lake Baikal it is advisable to practice the organizational and legal mechanisms for the environmentally friendly development of tourist and recreational activities based on the available water bioresources of the unique lake.
ANALYSIS OF THE PROVISIONS OF NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR TESTING ARMAMENT AND MILITARY EQUIPMENT ON THE IPMACT OF MECHANICAL FACTORS
Authors: Lappo I. , Prykhodko S. , Martyniuk S. , Shulha S.
Published: December 2021

In order to assure the compatibility of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the armies of the NATO member states, amendments are being made to the national legislation of Ukraine to create a mechanism for the implementation of NATO standards or their provisions in the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

To ensure regulatory support of the life cycle of armament and military equipment, measures are being taken to fully transition the military-industrial complex of Ukraine to use international, European and NATO standards in production. In 2021, national standards DSTU STANAG 4370: 2021 were adopted, harmonized with NATO standards, which regulate the organization and testing samples of armament and military equipment on environmental conditions impact.

Since these standards are adopted in the original language, and in Ukraine there is no practice of distributing and using English-language normative documents, there is a problem of unambiguous interpretation of the content of these standards by all interested parties: product manufacturers, testing laboratories, scientific organizations etc.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the main provisions of national standards regarding the conditions and methods for testing the impact of mechanical factors in order to implement them in the system of testing samples of armament and military equipment.

In the course of research general scientific methods of processing and systematization of information, in particular, system analysis and synthesis of organizational and technical systems were applied.

Due to the abolition of the set of state military standards, which established the level of quality indicators, composition, sequence, general requirements for testing equipment, instruments, devices for military purposes, an urgent need arose for regulatory support for the organization and testing of armament and military equipment. It was determined that one of the main directions of solving the problem of normative support for the organization and testing of armament and military equipment is the adoption of international military standards in the capacity of national ones.

The main provisions of the standards that ensure the organization and conduct of tests of military equipment for mechanic factors impact were analyzed, the structure and content of these standards were considered.
MEANS, STANDS AND MACHINES FOR TESTING GEAR WHEELS AND GEAR TRAINS OF HELICOPTER REDUCTION TRAINS
Authors: Pilipenko O. , Kolesnik D. , Berezniak A. , Kohan V. , Pankul O.
Published: December 2021

The production and repair of such high-tech and important products as helicopters‟ reduction trains is impossible without comprehensive testing of these products, starting with the manufacture of their individual parts and assemblies and ending with the delivery of reduction trains to the customer.
Various means for testing of gear wheels‟ rims and gear trains of helicopter‟s reduction trains, which have found application in testing equipment, are presented. Devices, testers, stands and machines for various tests are considered in order to control the characteristics of gear trains of aviation reduction trains after certain periods of their operation and repair, aimed at achieving better performance during further operation.
The considered traditional metrological means of control of gear rims, gear measuring machines and complexes, some stands and machines for testing of reduction trains, pulse controllers and roll machines give an idea of various methods and means of control of gear wheels and gear trains of helicopters‟ reduction trains.
The main method of experimental research of gear trains of reducers is stand tests both on movable gear wheels and on roll machines.
Until recently, the most common method for monitoring and diagnosing gear trains has been vibrography, however, existing techniques do not give an accurate picture of the train condition, especially the contact surface of the teeth. During the operation of the gear train as a part of the helicopter‟s reduction train, signals from other sources (rotors, blades, shafts, bearings) are superimposed on the vibration signal generated by the gear train which significantly complicates the extraction and processing of the desired vibration signal.
One of the most effective methods for monitoring and diagnosing the technical condition of kinematic chains of different complexity, which includes gear trains of helicopters„ reducers is kinematometry. The disadvantage of traditional kinematometry is the need to use high-precision sensors for the frequency and phase of the rotor rotation.
Control of vibration from the early 1990s to the present time is the most advanced control, the means and methods of which are well developed in the aviation industry.
ON CALCULATION OF OXYGEN BALANCE OF MULTICOMPONENT THERMOBARIC EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCE
Authors: Televnyi I. , Kapliuk O. , Kirdeіand L. , Spodin A.
Published: December 2021

Most modern military confrontations take place near or directly in inhabited area. The use in such conditions of munition (warheads) which hit typical targets based on fragmentation (high-explosive) or cumulative action is impractical due to insufficient “selectivity” of hitting targets with such munition. At present, modern world tendency is the development of the latest munition (warheads) with increased properties of “destruction selectivity”. One of the directions is the development of munition based on thermobaric explosives. Such munitions can cause maximum damage due to high temperature and the impact of a shock wave with a low level of collateral damage, since thermobaric munition, especially in the open area, have a clearly defined or even limited area of effective damage, which determines the significance of their further development.

Since modern thermobaric explosives include a large number of chemical elements (including chemically active metals), there is a need to calculate the physical balance of oxygen and oxygen coefficient to take into account the physical characteristics of modern multicomponent thermobaric explosives. The oxygen balance of multicomponent thermobaric explosives largely determines the nature of the reaction of its explosive transformation, i.e the composition of the explosive products and, consequently, the value of thermodynamic characteristics such as heat, temperature, volume and pressure of gas-like explosive products.

The calculated ratio and coefficients for complex multicomponent thermobaric explosives should be calculated during the development of explosives, taking into account the composition of components and elements and their possible chemical reactions during the explosion. The abovementioned improved calculations of oxygen balance and oxygen coefficient of thermobaric explosives, which include aluminum, allows taking into account the physical characteristics of destruction of typical targets by thermobaric munitions.
Pengelolaan Sampah Plastik Domestik Menjadi Wadah Media Tanam Sayuran
Authors: Irma Wirdati , Siregar Sri Hilma , Murialti Neng
Published: December 2021

Limbah plastic domestic yang dihasilkan dimasa pandemic Covid-19 saat ini semakin meningat. Meningkatnya limbah plastic karena kebiasaan baru yang harus diterapkan selama Covid-19. Kebiasaan baru dengan tetap tinggal di rumah, bekerja di rumah, dan hampir semua kegiatan hanya dilakukan di rumah. Tujuan dilaksanakannya pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan/ ketrampilan / soft skill  masyarakat kurang produktif/non-produktif  (recycle limbah plastik), meningkatkan penerapan IPTEK dalam pengolahan limbah plastic, dan membantu memenuhi kelentingan keluarga dalam kebutuhan pangan penduduk desa pada kondisi Pandemik Covid 19. Metode yang dilakukan adalah ceramah-penyuluhan, tanya jawab, pelatihan shoft skill. Hasil dari pengabdian ini adalah sebanyak 30 ibu-ibu di RT 01 RW 02 Desa Tarai Bangun Kecamatan Tambang mendapatkan keterampilan/soft skill untuk mendaur ulang limbah plastic, dapat menerapkan IPTEK dalam pengelolaan limbah plastic, dan membantu memenuhi kebutuhan sayur sehari-harinya dimasa pandemic Covid-19.
Program Pengembangan Produk Unggulan Daerah Perajin Rotan Di Kecamatan Rumbai Pesisir Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Asrinda Amalia  , Haris Aidil , Rahmayanti Sri , Hanafi Khusnul , Novchi Raja Widya
Published: December 2021

Tujuan dilaksanakannya kegiaatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk melakukan pengembangan produk unggulan daerah perajin rotan di Kecamatan Rumbai Pesisir Kota Pekanbaru melalui penerapan teknologi pemasaran berbasis digital.Para perajin rotan yang tergabung dalam koperasi Rotan Kencana mengeluhkan sulitnya perekonomian akibat pandemic ini.Para pengrajin sudah mulai mengeluhkan sulitnya dalam menggaji karyawan yang bekerja.Oleh karena itu diperlukan pendampingan secara intens agar perajin rotan mampu bangkit dari kondisi keterpurukan akibat wabah covid 19.

            Dari hasil observasi yang dilakukan oleh tim pengabdi pada hari Senin 27 Juli 2020, menemukan bahwa para perajin rotan mengalami defisit penjualan hingga 70% keatas. Hal ini menurut para pengrajin sangat membebani. Solusi yang ditawarkan melalui program pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah (1) membuat teknologi pemasaran berbasis online web marketing, sebagai promosi virtual untuk meningkatkan omset (2) metode partisipatif, penyuluhan, pendampingan dan pelatihan, sebagai peningkatan kemampuan manajemen dan pengelolaan anggota pengrajin rotan.

 

            Metode yang dilakukan pada program pengabdian masyarakat ini melalui pendekatan metode partisipatif, penyuluhan, pendampingan dan pelatihan.

            Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kelompok kopeasi Rotan Kencana dapat memanfaatkan teknologi berbasis teknologi digital sebagai wahana meningkatkan pendapatan di masa pandemic covid 19.

 

Kata Kunci: Penerapan Teknologi Digital, Pemasaran, Perajin Rotan
Nonlinear load modeling for analysis of non-sinusoidal conditions in electrical networks based on measurements of harmonic parameters
Authors: Kovernikova L. , Luong V.C.
Published: December 2021

Non-sinusoidal conditions in electrical networks need to be calculated for their control and development of technical measures to maintain harmonic parameters according to the requirements of regulatory documents. These calculations are impossible without electrical network and nonlinear load models that adequately reflect them in computational programs. Nonlinear load models have been developed for a long time. Some studies present general modeling principles and models of various nonlinear devices. Others consider some nonlinear devices as equivalent nonlinear loads connected to low and medium voltage networks. A whole host of high-power nonlinear electrical equipment is connected to high voltage networks. Modeling nonlinear loads connected to these networks is a problem. Research of measured parameters of harmonic conditions in electrical networks has shown that they are random values. The probabilistic nature is determined by the network configuration, a range of network components, the number of nonlinear loads, wave and frequency properties of the network, harmonic source phase currents, voltage at terminals of nonlinear electrical equipment, changes in operating conditions and load power, and many other factors. Nonlinear loads can only be modeled based on the measurements of parameters of harmonic conditions due to their unpredictability. The paper presents an overview of existing methods for modeling nonlinear loads, a methodological approach to modeling nonlinear loads based on measured parameters, an algorithm for modeling harmonics of active and reactive currents, a computational program algorithm designed to identify distribution functions of measured current harmonics, and modeling results for current harmonics of railway transformers supplying power to electric locomotives.
Effect of Grid Faults on Dominant Wind Generators for Electric Power System Integration:A Comparison and Assessment
Authors: Metwally M. M. , Ratib M. K. , Aly M.M. , Abdel‑Rahim A.M.
Published: December 2021

In recent times, various types of wind generators have been linked to the power grids globally and the focus has been to control them to be more efficient and reliable. This study concisely discusses performance analysis, modeling, and assessment of different wind generators (permanent magnet synchronous generator, doubly-fed induction generator, squirrel cage induction generator), covering their benefits, drawbacks, and impact on the electric power systems. This comparison aims to guarantee that their technical and economic evaluations are comparable, allowing engineers to make a more informed decision about which generator is best suitable for their installation. Findings for the investigated wind generators lead to significant observations about their application fields, such as permanent magnet synchronous generator outperforms doubly-fed induction generator and squirrel cage induction generator, especially during grid disruptions; on the other hand, squirrel cage induction generator is simple and inexpensive.
STUDI DISKRIPTIF PERUBAHAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI KEPERAWATAN
Authors: Anindito Teguh
Published: December 2021

A good organization also has good order. Regularity is inherent and becomes a habit that unwittingly becomes a culture, thus distinguishing it from other groups. Muhammadiyah Kendal Islamic Hospital experienced ups and downs during the leadership of the institution's management. The new leadership brings change, the bad culture of the organization must be changed, especially in the field of nursing. Nursing in the hospital is the driving force of organizational life. The purpose of this study is to see the extent to which organizational culture changes to the work culture of nurses after a change in leadership. Data retrieval using descriptive method. Data were taken from RSI nurses totaling 76 nurses Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the researcher only took 33 people who had had a minimum of one year of service, and experienced a change in leadership. Data processing. This data is processed in manual by using excel programe. Of the 33 nurses, 50% of the leadership's attention is good, while 50% is less. This condition illustrates that nurses group need more intention supervision. From the data above, it can be concluded that caused organizational changes, performance has not been maximized, coordination has not been maximized and routine, the new work culture has not been fully formed.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA STATUS GIZI DAN POLA ASUH DENGAN TINGKAT PERKEMBANGAN BALITA USIA 4-5 TAHUN DI KECAMATAN SUKOREJO KABUPATEN KENDAL
Authors: Mustikaningrum Ardian Candra , Munawaroh Siti
Published: December 2021

The first five years of life time is a very sensitive time to the environment.  Lack of nurition and unproper treatment can influence the children development. The biggest number of Red Underline (BGM) children under five and child development disturb in Sukorejowich number 1,08%. So the problem that want to be discused is the correlation between nutrition status and rear pattern with the development level on children under five the age 4-5 years old in Sukorejo. The type of this research is explanatory research with survey method and cross sectional approach. The population of the research is children under five in the age 4-5 years old in Sukorejo wich number 153 children. The sample of the research are 60 children under five in the age of 4-5 years old. Sample was selected by purposive sampling. Instrument that was used are Pra Screening Development Quetioner, Nutrition rear pattern quetioner, a strirrup scale and microtoice. The obtained data was analyzed by chi-square..
Result of the research show that are 31,7% children under five with good nutrition status , middle nutrition status 38,3% and low nutrition status 40 %. Where as children with good nutrition treatment 28,3%, middle nutrition treatment 40% and low nutrition treatment 32%. Discription of the children under five development level according to the age is 30%, doubt development 33,3 %  and the level with deviation is 36,7%. From staistic proper test resulted p= 0,001 and CC=0,728 for nutrition status of children under five with development level and p= 0,003 and CC = 0,463 for rear pattern with development level. Conclusion of the research is there is a correlation between nutrition status with the development level of children under five in the age 4-5 years old in Sukorejo. The suggestion for the instance of health organizer is should have a relationship with the official of planned family welfare to distribute the form of BKB so that the early stimulation can be optimal. Mothers who have children under five should be routine in posyand
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERENCANAAN KEPALA RUANG DENGAN PENANGANAN PASIEN HIV/AIDS
Authors: Ardiyanti Yulia , Listiana Eka , Anindito Teguh , Aminah Siti
Published: December 2021

The function of nursing management, especially the planning function of the head of the room, is important to realize quality nursing services, especially in the treatment of patients with HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the planning function of the head of the room with the treatment of HIV/AIDS patients in dr. H. Soewondo Kendal. This study with a sample of 58 people used a descriptive correlation design with a cross sectional approach, using bivariate analysis with the Spearman Rank test. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the planning function and the treatment of HIV/AIDS patients in RSUD dr. H. Soewondo Kendal (pvalue 0.001). Recommendations for the hospital nursing management to improve the planning function in terms of providing supporting facilities for handling HIV/AIDS such as SAK HIV/AIDS, syringe supplies and syringe disposal sites and universal precaution training.
Alexithymia and Empathy in a Non-Clinical Population: How do they Correlate?
Authors: Chakraborty Nandini , Mehmet Harry , Brugha Traolach
Published: December 2021

Alexithymia and empathy are functional concepts surrounding human emotions.This study aimed to estimate the association between alexithymia and empathy within a neurotypical population.
The study was a cross sectional survey conducted within a non-clinical population of medical students  at a University in England using voluntary sampling to  complete the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), Basic Empathy Scale (BES), General Health Questionnaire- 12.  
Alexithymia and empathy scores did not show a statistically significant correlation. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between total alexithymia and cognitive empathy scores (correlation co-efficient was -0.184, p value was 0.013). Men and women differed significantly on empathy scores with women showing significantly higher empathy.
The relationship between the understanding of one’s own emotions and the interpretation of others’ emotions are different functions with a more complex interaction than a simple linear correlation. Future research should focus on further exploring the differences between cognitive and affective empathy.
FROM PADDY FIELDS TO SUSTAINABLE TOWN IN FOUR DECADES: TIGHT INTEGRATION OF URBAN PLANNING AND PLACE MANAGEMENT IN YUKARIGAOKA, JAPAN
Authors: Capitanio Marco , Sintusingha Sidh
Published: December 2021

Private real estate developers disproportionately focus on spatial planning and short-term returns, often forgetting the crucial role played by place management toward the achievement of sustainable communities. This research presents an alternative model of privately initiated urban development: Yukarigaoka, a new town in the eastern outskirts of Tokyo founded in the late 1970s. The case study has been analyzed through field research, assessments of local media, interviews and literature review, focusing on urban planning strategies and place management practices. Yukarigaoka is a non-speculative model entailing the developer’s long-term commitment to the creation of a community sustained by unique planning features and innovative, award-winning place management practices. As a result, the development avoided the demographic imbalance of many Japanese public new towns of the same period. Population has been constantly growing and the town has been attracting families, strengthening local engagement and a defined identity. Despite a degree of paternalism in approach and the mediocre design quality of the built environment, Yukarigaoka confirms that livable communities result from the tight integration of planning and management. It provides an important planning and management precedent for new and existing communities in other Asia-Pacific cities toward establishing a synergistic relationship between built and natural components and in advocating for long-term profit different from a predominantly neoliberal developmental model that maximizes immediate returns.
Five New Hot Jupiter Transits Investigated with Swift-UVOT
Authors: Corrales Lia , Ravi Sasikrishna , King George W. , May Erin , Rauscher Emily , Reynolds Mark
Published: December 2021

Short-wavelength exoplanet transit measurements have been used to probe mass loss in exoplanet atmospheres. We present the Swift-UVOT transit light curves for five hot Jupiters orbiting UV-bright F-type stars: XO-3, KELT-3, WASP-3, WASP-62, and HAT-P-6. We report one positive transit detection of XO-3b and one marginal detection of KELT-3b. We place upper limits on the remaining three transit depths. The planetary radii derived from the NUV transit depths of both potential detections are 50%–100% larger than their optical radius measurements. We examine the ratio R
NUV/R
opt for trends as a function of estimated mass-loss rate, which we derive from X-ray luminosity obtained from the Swift-XRT or, in the case of WASP-62, XMM-Newton. We find no correlation between the energy-limited photoevaporative mass-loss rate and the R
NUV/R
opt ratio. We also search for trends based on the equilibrium temperature of the hot Jupiters. We find a possible indication of a transition in the R
NUV/R
opt ratio around T
eq = 1700 K, analogous to the trends found for NIR water features in transmission spectra. This might be explained by the formation of extended cloud decks with silicate particles ≤1 μm. We demonstrate that the Swift-UVOT filters could be sensitive to absorption from aerosols in exoplanet atmospheres.
Orbital Parameters and Binary Properties of 37 FGK Stars in the Cores of Open Clusters NGC 2516 and NGC 2422
Authors: Lipartito Isabel , Bailey III John I. , Brandt Timothy D. , Mazin Benjamin A. , Mateo Mario , Spencer Meghin E. , Roederer Ian U.
Published: December 2021

We present orbits for 24 binaries in the field of open cluster NGC 2516 (∼150 Myr) and 13 binaries in the field of open cluster NGC 2422 (∼130 Myr) using results from a multiyear radial-velocity (RV) survey of the cluster cores. Six of these systems are double-lined spectroscopic binaries. We fit these RV variable systems with orvara, a MCMC-based fitting program that models Keplerian orbits. We use precise stellar parallaxes and proper motions from Gaia EDR3 to determine cluster membership. We impose a barycentric RV prior on all cluster members; this significantly improves our orbital constraints. Two of our systems have periods between five and 15 days, the critical window in which tides efficiently damp orbital eccentricity. These binaries should be included in future analyses of circularization across similarly-aged clusters. We also find a relatively flat distribution of binary mass ratios, consistent with previous work. With the inclusion of TESS light curves for all available targets, we identity target 378–036252 as a new eclipsing binary. We also identify a field star whose secondary has a mass in the brown dwarf range, as well as two cluster members whose RVs suggest the presence of an additional companion. Our orbital fits will help constrain the binary fraction and binary properties across stellar age and across stellar environment.
A Systematic Search for Dual Active Galactic Nuclei in Merging Galaxies (ASTRO-DARING) II: First Results from Long-slit Spectroscopic Observations
Authors: Zhang Yang-Wei , Huang Yang , Bai Jin-Ming , Liu Xiao-Wei , Wang Jian-guo , Dong Xiao-bo
Published: December 2021

Building a large sample of kiloparsec (kpc)-scale dual active galactic nuclei (AGNs) among merging galaxies is of vital importance to understand the coevolution between host galaxies and their central super massive black holes (SMBHs). Doing so, with just such a sample, we have developed an innovative method of systematically searching and identifying dual AGNs among kpc-scale merging galaxies and selected 222 candidates at redshifts ≤ 0.25. All the selected candidates have radio detection in the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeters survey and at least one of two cores previously revealed as AGN spectroscopically. We report the first results from a systematic search for dual AGNs in merging galaxies (ASTRO-DARING), which consist of spatially resolved long-slit spectroscopic observations of 41 targets selected from our merging galaxies sample carried out between 2014 November and 2017 February, using the Yunnan Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera mounted on the 2.4 meter telescope in Lijiang of Yunnan Observatories. Of these, 16 are likely dual AGNs, and 15 are newly identified. The efficiency of ASTRO-DARING is thus nearly 40%. With this method, we plan to build the first even sample of more than 50 dual AGNs constructed using a consistent approach. Further analysis of the dual AGN sample shall provide vital clues for understanding the coevolution of galaxies and SMBHs.
Breathing of the Heliosphere
Authors: Sokół Justyna M. , Dayeh Maher A. , Fuselier Stephen A. , Nicolaou Georgios , McComas D. J. , Zirnstein E. J.
Published: December 2021

In late 2016, the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) observed an enhancement of hydrogen energetic neutral atom (ENA) flux in ∼20° south from the nose direction. This enhancement was a consequence of an abrupt increase of the solar wind (SW) dynamic pressure observed at 1 au in late 2014. In subsequent years, the increased flux of 4.3 keV ENAs was observed at higher latitudes filling in the heliosheath, in ENAs at lower energies, and the Ribbon flux. We observe that the rapid increase of SW pressure occurs every solar cycle (SC) from the beginning of the regular in situ SW measurements in the ecliptic plane. The SW pressure pulse happens about 4.7 yr from the beginning of each SC, it is during the maximum phase of solar activity, and repeats with a period of ∼10.2 yr. These repeating pulses of the SW pressure can cause periodic SC variations of the ENA production in the heliosheath. We follow McComas et al. results for the relation between SW pressure increase and ENA flux enhancement to investigate the periodic SW pressure increases and their consequences for the heliosphere. Our study of time delay between the cause (pressure pulse at 1 au) and the consequence (ENA enhancement) show that IBEX observed in 2009–2011 remnants of the SW pressure pulse that happened during the maximum of SC 23.
Two Year Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) Observations: Long Timescale Stability Achieved with a Front-end Variable-delay Polarization Modulator at 40 GHz
Authors: Harrington Kathleen , Datta Rahul , Osumi Keisuke , Ali Aamir , Appel John W. , Bennett Charles L. , Brewer Michael K. , Bustos Ricardo , Chan Manwei , Chuss David T. , Cleary Joseph , Denes Couto Jullianna , Dahal दाहाल Sumit सुमित , Dünner Rolando , Eimer Joseph R. , Essinger-Hileman Thomas , Hubmayr Johannes , Raul Espinoza Inostroza Francisco , Iuliano Jeffrey , Karakla John , Li 李 Yunyang 云杨 , Marriage Tobias A. , Miller Nathan J. , Núñez Carolina , Padilla Ivan L. , Parker Lucas , Petroff Matthew A. , Pradenas Márquez Bastian , Reeves Rodrigo , Fluxá Rojas Pedro , Rostem Karwan , Augusto Nunes Valle Deniz , Watts Duncan J. , Weiland Janet L. , Wollack Edward J. , Xu 徐 Zhilei 智磊 ,   CLASS Collaboration
Published: December 2021

The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) is a four-telescope array observing the largest angular scales (2≲ ℓ ≲ 200) of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization. These scales encode information about reionization and inflation during the early universe. The instrument stability necessary to observe these angular scales from the ground is achieved through the use of a variable-delay polarization modulator as the first optical element in each of the CLASS telescopes. Here, we develop a demodulation scheme used to extract the polarization timestreams from the CLASS data and apply this method to selected data from the first 2 yr of observations by the 40 GHz CLASS telescope. These timestreams are used to measure the 1/f noise and temperature-to-polarization (T → P) leakage present in the CLASS data. We find a median knee frequency for the pair-differenced demodulated linear polarization of 15.12 mHz and a T → P leakage of <3.8 × 10−4 (95% confidence) across the focal plane. We examine the sources of 1/f noise present in the data and find the component of 1/f due to atmospheric precipitable water vapor (PWV) has an amplitude of

203
±
12

μ

K

RJ

s

for 1 mm of PWV when evaluated at 10 mHz; accounting for ∼17% of the 1/f noise in the central pixels of the focal plane. The low levels of T → P leakage and 1/f noise achieved through the use of a front-end polarization modulator are requirements for observing of the largest angular scales of the CMB polarization by the CLASS telescopes.
Long-term Variability of the Composite Galaxy SDSS J103911-000057: A True Type-2 AGN Candidate
Authors: XueGuang Zhang , YingFei Zhang , PeiZhen Cheng , BaoHan Wang , Yi-Li Lv , HaiChao Yu
Published: December 2021

In this manuscript, the composite galaxy SDSS J103911-000057 (=SDSS J1039) is reported as a true Type-2 AGN candidate without hidden BLRs. Only narrow emission lines, not broad, detected in SDSS J1039 can be confirmed both by the F-test technique and by the expected broad emission lines with an EW smaller than 13.5 Å with a 99% confidence level. Meanwhile, a reliable AGN power-law component is preferred with a confidence level higher than 7σ in SDSS J1039. Furthermore, the long-term variability of SDSS J1039 from Catalina Sky Survey can be described by the DRW process with an intrinsic variability timescale τ ∼ 100 days, similar to normal quasars. And, based on BH mass in SDSS J1039 through the M
BH–σ relation and on the correlation between AGN continuum luminosity and total Hα luminosity, the expected broad Hα, if there was one, could be reconstructed with a line width of about 300–1000 km s−1 and with a line flux of about 666 × 10−17 erg s−1 cm−2 under the virialization assumption to BLRs, providing robust evidence to reject the probability that the intrinsic probable broad Hα was overwhelmed by noises of the SDSS spectrum in SDSS J1039. Moreover, SDSS J1039 follows the same correlation between continuum luminosity and [O iii] line luminosity as the one for normal broad-line AGN, indicating SDSS J1039 classified as a changing-look AGN in the dim state can be ruled out. Therefore, under the current knowledge, SDSS J1039 is a better candidate for a true Type-2 AGN.
On the Dynamics of Low-viscosity Warped Disks around Black Holes
Authors: Drewes N. C. , Nixon C. J.
Published: December 2021

Accretion disks around black holes can become warped by Lense–Thirring precession. When the disk viscosity is sufficiently small, such that the warp propagates as a wave, then steady-state solutions to the linearized fluid equations exhibit an oscillatory radial profile of the disk tilt angle. Here we show, for the first time, that these solutions are in good agreement with three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations, in which the viscosity is isotropic and measured to be small compared to the disk angular semi-thickness, and in the case that the disk tilt—and thus the warp amplitude—remains small. We show, using both the linearized fluid equations and hydrodynamical simulations, that the inner disk tilt can be more than several times larger than the original disk tilt, and we provide physical reasoning for this effect. We explore the transition in disk behavior as the misalignment angle is increased, finding increased dissipation associated with regions of strong warping. For large enough misalignments the disk becomes unstable to disk tearing and breaks into discrete planes. For the simulations we present here, we show that the total (physical and numerical) viscosity at the time the disk breaks is small enough that the disk tearing occurs in the wave-like regime, substantiating that disk tearing is possible in this region of parameter space. Our simulations demonstrate that high spatial resolution, and thus low numerical viscosity, is required to accurately model the warp dynamics in this regime. Finally, we discuss the observational implications of our results.
Could the GW190814 Secondary Component Be a Bosonic Dark Matter Admixed Compact Star?
Authors: Lee Billy K. K. , Chu Ming-chung , Lin Lap-Ming
Published: December 2021

We investigate whether the recently observed 2.6 M
⊙ compact object in the gravitational wave event GW190814 can be a bosonic dark matter (DM) admixed compact star. By considering the three constraints of mass, radius, and the stability of such an object, we find that if the DM is made of QCD axions, their particle mass m is constrained to a range that has already been ruled out by the independent constraint imposed by the stellar-mass black hole superradiance process. The 2.6 M
⊙ object can still be a neutron star admixed with at least 2.0 M
⊙ of DM made of axion-like particles (or even a pure axion-like particle star) if 2 × 10−11 eV ≤ m ≤ 2.4 × 10−11 eV (2.9 × 10−11 eV ≤ m ≤ 3.2 × 10−11 eV) with a decay constant of f ≥ 8 × 1017 GeV.
Pre-explosion Properties of Helium Star Donors to Thermonuclear Supernovae
Authors: Wong Tin Long Sunny , Schwab Josiah , Götberg Ylva
Published: December 2021

Helium star–carbon-oxygen white dwarf (CO WD) binaries are potential single-degenerate progenitor systems of thermonuclear supernovae. Revisiting a set of binary evolution calculations using the stellar evolution code MESA, we refine our previous predictions about which systems can lead to a thermonuclear supernova and then characterize the properties of the helium star donor at the time of explosion. We convert these model properties to near-UV/optical magnitudes assuming a blackbody spectrum and support this approach using a matched stellar atmosphere model. These models will be valuable to compare with pre-explosion imaging for future supernovae, though we emphasize the observational difficulty of detecting extremely blue companions. The pre-explosion source detected in association with SN 2012Z has been interpreted as a helium star binary containing an initially ultra-massive WD in a multiday orbit. However, extending our binary models to initial CO WD masses of up to 1.2 M
⊙, we find that these systems undergo off-center carbon ignitions and thus are not expected to produce thermonuclear supernovae. This tension suggests that, if SN 2012Z is associated with a helium star–WD binary, then the pre-explosion optical light from the system must be significantly modified by the binary environment and/or the WD does not have a carbon-rich interior composition.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Waves in Compressively Driven Magnetohydrodynamics Turbulence
Authors: Brodiano M. , Andrés N. , Dmitruk P.
Published: December 2021

Using direct numerical simulations (DNSs), the interaction between linear waves and turbulence under the compressible magnetohydrodynamic (CMHD) approach was studied. A set of DNSs in three dimensions for a spatial resolution of 1283 and 2563 were performed. A parametric study was carried out varying the sonic Mach number, the mean-magnetic field, and the compressibility amplitude of the forcing. Spatiotemporal spectra of the magnetic energy were built and analyzed, allowing for direct identification of all wave modes in a CMHD turbulent system and quantification of the amount of energy in each mode as a function of the wavenumber. Thus, linear waves were detected, that is Alfvén waves and fast and slow magnetosonic waves. Furthermore, different responses of the plasma were found according to whether the Mach number or the mean-magnetic field was varied. On the other hand, making use of spatiotemporal spectra and two different integration methods, we accurately quantified the amount of energy present in each of the normal modes. Finally, although the presence of linear waves was observed, in all the cases studied the system was mainly dominated by the nonlinear dynamics of the plasma.
Multiwavelength and Dual-perspective Observations of Eruption and Untwisting of Two Homologous Magnetic Flux Ropes
Authors: Song De-Chao , Li Y. , Su Y. , Ding M. D. , Gan W. Q.
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we present a detailed morphological, kinematic, and thermal analysis of two homologous magnetic flux ropes (MFRs) from NOAA 11515 on 2012 July 8–9. The study is based on multiwavelength and dual-perspective imaging observations from the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory Ahead spacecraft, which can reveal the structure and evolution of the two MFRs. We find that both of the MFRs show up in multiple passbands and their emissions mainly consist of a cold component peaking at a temperature of ∼0.4–0.6 MK and a hot component peaking at ∼7–8 MK. The two MFRs exhibit erupting, expanding, and untwisting motions that manifest distinctive features from two different viewpoints. Their evolution can be divided into two stages—a fast-eruption stage with speeds of about 105–125 km s−1 for MFR-1 and 50–65 km s−1 for MFR-2—and a slow-expansion (or untwisting) stage with speeds of about 10–35 km s−1 for MFR-1 and 10–30 km s−1 for MFR-2 in the plane of the sky. We also find that during the two-stage evolution, the high-temperature features mainly appear in the interface region between MFRs and ambient magnetic structures and also in the center of MFRs, which suggests that some heating processes take place in such places as magnetic reconnection and plasma compression. These observational results indicate that the eruption and untwisting processes of MFRs are coupled with the heating process, among which an energy conversion exists.
Fine-grained Solar Flare Forecasting Based on the Hybrid Convolutional Neural Networks*
Authors: Deng Zheng , Wang Feng , Deng Hui , Tan Lei. , Deng Linhua , Feng Song
Published: December 2021

Improving the performance of solar flare forecasting is a hot topic in the solar physics research field. Deep learning has been considered a promising approach to perform solar flare forecasting in recent years. We first used the generative adversarial networks (GAN) technique augmenting sample data to balance samples with different flare classes. We then proposed a hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN) model (M) for forecasting flare eruption in a solar cycle. Based on this model, we further investigated the effects of the rising and declining phases for flare forecasting. Two CNN models, i.e., M
rp and M
dp, were presented to forecast solar flare eruptions in the rising phase and declining phase of solar cycle 24, respectively. A series of testing results proved the following. (1) Sample balance is critical for the stability of the CNN model. The augmented data generated by GAN effectively improved the stability of the forecast model. (2) For C-class, M-class, and X-class flare forecasting using Solar Dynamics Observatory line-of-sight magnetograms, the means of the true skill statistics (TSS) scores of M are 0.646, 0.653, and 0.762, which improved by 20.1%, 22.3%, and 38.0% compared with previous studies. (3) It is valuable to separately model the flare forecasts in the rising and declining phases of a solar cycle. Compared with model M, the means of the TSS scores for No-flare, C-class, M-class, and X-class flare forecasting of the M
rp improved by 5.9%, 9.4%, 17.9%, and 13.1%, and those of the M
dp improved by 1.5%, 2.6%, 11.5%, and 12.2%.
Study of Momentum Diffusion with the Effect of Adiabatic Focusing
Authors: Wang J. F. , Qin G.
Published: December 2021

The momentum diffusion of charged energetic particles is an important mechanism of the transport process in astrophysics, the physics of fusion devices, and laboratory plasmas. In addition to the momentum diffusion term for a uniform field, we obtain an additional momentum diffusion term due to the focusing effect of the large-scale magnetic field. After evaluating the coefficient of the additional momentum diffusion term, we find that it is determined by the sign of the focusing characteristic length and the cross helicity of the turbulent magnetic field. Furthermore, by deriving the mean momentum change rate contributed from the additional momentum diffusion term, we identify that the focused field provides an additional momentum loss or gain process.
Analyzing Oxygen Ionization in the Circumgalactic Medium
Authors: Zhu Sally , Sharma Rahul , Strawn Clayton J.
Published: December 2021

Galaxies are surrounded by low-density, highly-ionized clouds of gas, called the Circumgalactic Medium (CGM), which provides insight into galaxy evolution. CGM observations are sensitive to ionization levels, which requires studying ionization types: photoionization (PI), more density-dependent and associated with cooler gas, and collisional ionization (CI), more temperature-dependent and associated with hotter gas. We analyzed PI and CI components for oxygen ionization states using cosmological galaxy simulations. For each ion, we plotted mass distributions into PI and CI phases and created 2D covering-fraction projections of column density at different thresholds. We analyzed changes for different mass-bin galaxies. Our results are: O vii and O ix are the only predominantly-CI ion states. O vi is a local minimum in both PI and CI gas. Column density distributions greatly emphasize higher ion states. Shapes of covering-fraction plots at higher thresholds resemble the 3D-plots. CI gas dominates more in higher mass galaxy simulations.
Modern approaches to pharmacotherapy of tuberculosis infection in children
Authors: Novikov Vasiliy E. , Usacheva Natalia E. , Myakisheva Tatyana V.
Published: December 2021

Anti-TB drugs for children: Aetiotropic therapy is used for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in children, as well as in adult patients. Anti-tuberculosis drugs (anti-TB drugs) are divided into 3 lines, taking into account drug sensitivity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT). First-line anti-TBdrugs (basic) are used to treat TB caused by drug-susceptible MBT. Second- and third-line (reserve) drugs are recommended for the treatment of MBT-induced multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB, respectively.

Stages and regimens to treat tuberculosis: Chemotherapy of tuberculosis in children is carried out in 2 stages (intensive treatment and continuation of treatment) and includes 5 regimens. Each regimen assumes a certain combination of anti-TB drugs, indicating the duration and frequency of their administration. The final chemotherapy regimen is chosen only according to the results of determining the drug sensitivity. To improve the TB epidemic among children, it is important to improve the regimens for the use of anti-TB drugs. The effectiveness of anti-tuberculosis pharmacotherapy is largely determined by the MBT sensitivity and the rational choice of the chemotherapy regimen. The wrong choice of a chemotherapy regimen or its violation threatens to reduce the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and expand the spectrum of resistance of the pathogen. The development of fixed-dose combination anti-TB drugs and special dosage forms for children will improve the quality of chemotherapy and adherence to treatment. Pharmacoeconomic studies are needed to increase the effectiveness of drug pharmacotherapy for tuberculosis infection in children and to optimize the costs of its implementation.