bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health workforce for oral health inequity: Opportunity for action
Authors: Gallagher Jennifer E. , Mattos Savage Grazielle C. , Crummey Sarah C. , Sabbah Wael , Makino Yuka , Varenne Benoit
Published: June 2024

Oral health is high on the global agenda following the adoption of the 2022 global strategy on oral health at the 75th World Health Assembly. Given the global burden of oral disease, workforce development to achieve universal health coverage [UHC] is crucial to respond to population needs within the non-communicable disease agenda. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the oral health workforce [OHWF] globally in relation to key contextual factors. Data from the National Health Workforce Accounts and a survey of World Health Organization [WHO] member states were integrated for analysis, together with country-level data on population and income status. Data are presented using the WHO categorisation of global regions and income status categories established by the World Bank. Workforce densities for key OHWF categories were examined. Multiple regression was used to model workforce density and contextual influences. Challenges and possible solutions were examined by country income status. There are approximately 3.30 dentists per 10,000 population globally, and a combined OHWF [dentists, dental assistants/therapists and dental prosthetic technicians] of 5.31 per 10,000. Marked regional inequalities are evident, most notably between WHO European and African regions; yet both make greater use of skill mix than other regions. When adjusted by region, ‘country income status’ and ‘population urbanization’ are strong predictors of the workforce density of dentists and even more so for the combined OHWF. Maldistribution of the workforce [urban/rural] was considered a particular workforce challenge globally and especially for lower-income countries. Strengthening oral health policy was considered most important for the future. The global distribution of dentists, and the OHWF generally, is inequitable, with variable and limited use of skill mix. Creative workforce development is required to achieve the global oral health agenda and work towards equity using innovative models of care, supported by effective governance and integrated policies.
Anodal M1 tDCS enhances online learning of rhythmic timing videogame skill
Authors: Meek Anthony W. , Greenwell Davin R. , Nishio Hayami , Poston Brach , Riley Zachary A.
Published: June 2024

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to modify excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1) and influence online motor learning. However, research on the effects of tDCS on motor learning has focused predominantly on simplified motor tasks. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether anodal stimulation of M1 over a single session of practice influences online learning of a relatively complex rhythmic timing video game. Fifty-eight healthy young adults were randomized to either a-tDCS or SHAM conditions and performed 2 familiarization blocks, a 20-minute 5 block practice period while receiving their assigned stimulation, and a post-test block with their non-dominant hand. To assess performance, a performance index was calculated that incorporated timing accuracy elements and incorrect key inputs. The results showed that M1 a-tDCS enhanced the learning of the video game based skill more than SHAM stimulation during practice, as well as overall learning at the post-test. These results provide evidence that M1 a-tDCS can enhance acquisition of skills where quality or success of performance depends on optimized timing between component motions of the skill, which could have implications for the application of tDCS in many real-world contexts.
Turning inward in difficulties: R&D human resource slack, technological diversification, and independent innovation
Authors: Li Huijuan , Zhao Yinfei , Li Yang , Wang Yong
Published: June 2024

Independent innovation emphasizes the self-reliance and control of all key links. Slack resources within an organization, especially for innovation, are the critical resources that are controllable for independent innovation. However, existing research still lacks evidence on the areas of slack innovation resources and independent innovation for deeper exploration. This research addresses this gap by providing an empirical analysis of the relationship between R&D human resource slack and firms’ independent innovation. Based on the unbalanced panel data of China’s listed manufacturing firms for eleven years, this research explores the effects of R&D human resource slack on firms’ independent innovation, the mediating mechanism of technological diversification, and the boundary effects of top management team functional heterogeneity. The results reveal that R&D human resource slack positively affects firms’ independent innovation; R&D human resource slack can promote firms’ independent innovation through related technological diversification, while the mediating effect of unrelated technological diversification is not statistically significant; the top management team functional heterogeneity strengthens the positive impact of R&D human resource slack on firm independent innovation.
Effectiveness and safety of azvudine in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Amani Bahman , Amani Behnam
Published: June 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of azvudine in treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2).

Methods

A search was carried out in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, medRxiv, and Google Scholar until October 20, 2023. The Cochrane risk of bias tools were used to assess the quality of included studies. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used to analyze data.

Results

Twenty-one studies including 10,011 patients were examined. The meta-analysis results showed that azvudine and standard of care/placebo (SOC/PBO) were significantly different concerning mortality rate (risk ratio [RR] = 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40 to 0.57) and negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conversion time (standard mean difference = - 0.75, 95% CI: -1.29 to—0.21). However, the two groups did not show significant differences concerning hospital stay, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and need for mechanical ventilation (P > 0.05). On the other hand, azvudine and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir were significantly different in mortality rate (RR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.92), ICU admission (RR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.78), and need for mechanical ventilation (RR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.51 to 0.89), but the two treatments were not significantly different in negative PCR conversion time, and hospital stay (P > 0.05). The incidence of adverse events between groups was not significant (P > 0.05). The certainty of evidence was rated as low or moderate.

Conclusions

The antiviral effectiveness of azvudine against SARS-COV-2 is questionable with regard to the certainty of evidence. Further research should be conducted to establish the effectiveness and safety of azvudine in COVID-19.
Impact of a Patient Support Program on time to discontinuation of adalimumab in Australian adult patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases–an observational study
Authors: Jones Graeme , Calao Miriam , Begun Jakob , Sin Shirley , Kouhkamari Mahsa H. , Young Elisa , Fernández-Peñas Pablo , Watts Alan , Östör Andrew J.
Published: June 2024

This observational study evaluated the impact of a sponsor company-provided Patient Support Program (PSP) on discontinuation of adalimumab in adult Australian patients eligible for Pharmaceutical Benefit Scheme (PBS)-reimbursed adalimumab for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA), Crohn’s Disease (CD), Ulcerative Colitis (UC), or Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS). Patients initiating adalimumab between May 2018 and September 2019 were enrolled into two prospective cohorts based on their decision to opt for or decline the PSP (PSP or non-PSP cohorts). In addition, a historical, retrospective Non-PSP cohort was established from the Services Australia 10% PBS dataset by extracting data of patients initiating adalimumab prior to the introduction of adalimumab PSPs and based on adalimumab PBS listing dates (AS: April 2007 to March 2009; PsA/RA: January 2007 to December 2008; CD: January 2009 to December 2010; HS and UC indications not included). Follow-up for all cohorts was 12 months. The primary endpoint was the time to discontinuation, compared between the prospective PSP cohort and the prospective or retrospective Non-PSP cohort. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to balance the cohorts. A Cox proportional hazards model indicated no difference in time to discontinuation between the prospective PSP (n = 162) and non-PSP (n = 65) cohorts (HR [95% CI] = 1.256 [0.616–2.563], p = 0.5304). The 12-month adalimumab persistence rates (95% CI) were 78% (69%, 84%) and 82% (67%, 90%), respectively. In contrast, discontinuation was less likely in the prospective PSP (n = 151) compared with the retrospective non-PSP (n = 297) cohort (HR [95% CI] = 0.44 [0.28–0.68], p<0.001). The 12-month persistence rates (95% CI) were 81% (76%, 90%) and 61% (56%, 67%), respectively. Overall, this study suggests that optimal adalimumab persistence can be achieved with either a structured PSP or healthcare support from other sources, but this was not the case more than a decade ago.
Alzheimer’s disease increases the risk of erectile dysfunction independent of cardiovascular diseases: A mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liao Kaisen , Lou Qiang
Published: June 2024

Background

Previous research has underscored the correlation between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and erectile dysfunction (ED). However, due to inherent limitations of observational studies, the causative relationship remains inconclusive.

Methods

Utilizing publicly available data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics, this study probed the potential causal association between AD and ED using univariate Mendelian randomization (MR). Further, the multivariable MR assessed the confounding effects of six cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The primary approach employed was inverse variance weighted (IVW), supplemented by three additional methods. A series of sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure the robustness of the results.

Results

In the forward MR analysis, the IVW method revealed causal evidence of genetically predicted AD being a risk factor for ED (OR = 1.077, 95% CI 1.007∼1.152, P = 0.031). Reverse analysis did not demonstrate any causal evidence linking ED to AD (OR = 1.018, 95% CI 0.974∼1.063, P = 0.430). Multivariable MR analysis showed that after adjusting for coronary heart disease (OR = 1.082, 95% CI 0.009∼1.160, P = 0.027), myocardial infarction (OR = 1.085, 95% CI 1.012∼1.163, P = 0.022), atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.076, 95% CI 1.002∼1.154, P = 0.043), heart failure (OR = 1.103, 95% CI 1.024∼1.188, P = 0.010), ischemic stroke (OR = 1.079, 95% CI 1.009∼1.154, P = 0.027), hypertension (OR = 1.092, 95% CI 1.011∼1.180, P = 0.025), and all models (OR = 1.115, 95% CI 1.024∼1.214, P = 0.012), the causal association between AD and ED persisted. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the absence of pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and outliers, validating the robustness of our results (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

This MR study consistently evidences a causal effect of genetically predicted AD on the risk of ED, independent of certain CVDs, yet offers no evidence for a reverse effect from ED.
Prevalence of ineffective breastfeeding techniques and its associated factors among breastfeeding mothers in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yilak Gizachew , Tilahun Befikad Derese , Abate Biruk Beletew , Zemariam Alemu Birara , Lake Eyob Shitie , Ayele Mulat , Belay Alemayehu Sayih
Published: June 2024

Background

Poor attachment, suckling, and positioning contribute to ineffective breastfeeding techniques. Poor weight gain, stunting, and decreased immunity are caused by insufficient breast milk intake owing to ineffective breastfeeding techniques. Numerous primary studies conducted in Ethiopia have revealed negative effects of ineffective breastfeeding techniques. However, inconsistencies have been observed among these studies, and no review has been conducted to report the amalgamated magnitude and associated factors. Therefore, this review aimed to estimate the national prevalence and factors associated with ineffective breastfeeding techniques in Ethiopia.

Methods

Using PRISMA standards, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed articles from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of ineffective breastfeeding techniques. Q and I2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity across studies. To evaluate the national prevalence and effect size of the linked covariates, a weighted inverse variance random-effects model was used. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the region, sample size, and year of publication. Funnel plots and Egger’s regression tests were used to examine publication bias. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to determine the impact of the studies.

Results

The analysis included a total of eleven studies with 4,470 participants used in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of ineffective breastfeeding techniques in Ethiopia was 53.13% (45.49, 60.78) no formal education (AOR = 3.42; 95% CI:1.67–5.18; I2 = 72.2%; P = 0.0132), primipara (AOR = 2.72;95% CI:1.81–3.64; I2 = 46.7%; P = 0.131), postnatal care (PNC) (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI:1.35–2.32; I2 = 0%; P = 0.53), breastfeeding counseling (AOR = 1.93; 95% CI:1.23–2.63; I2 = 0%;P = 0.35), home delivery and having breast problem (AOR = 3.11; 95% CI:1.09–5.16; I2 = 0%;P = 0.877) and (AOR = 2.22; 95% CI:1.28–3.16; I2 = 0%;P = 0.80) respectively were significantly associated with ineffective breastfeeding techniques.

Conclusion

The prevalence of ineffective breastfeeding techniques in Ethiopia remains high. Policymakers and program officials should focus on empowering women, increasing institutional delivery, and providing counseling on breastfeeding throughout the maternal continuum of care. These measures will improve breastfeeding techniques and lead to better health of both infants and women.
Hierarchical structure and chemical composition of complementary segments of the fruiting bodies of Fomes fomentarius fungi fine-tune the compressive properties
Authors: Klemm Sophie , Freidank-Pohl Carsten , Bauer Leona , Mantouvalou Ioanna , Simon Ulla , Fleck Claudia
Published: June 2024

Humanity is often fascinated by structures and materials developed by Nature. While structural materials such as wood have been widely studied, the structural and mechanical properties of fungi are still largely unknown. One of the structurally interesting fungi is the polypore Fomes fomentarius. The present study deals with the investigation of the light but robust fruiting body of F. fomentarius. The four segments of the fruiting body (crust, trama, hymenium, and mycelial core) were examined. The comprehensive analysis included structural, chemical, and mechanical characterization with particular attention to cell wall composition, such as chitin/chitosan and glucan content, degree of deacetylation, and distribution of trace elements. The hymenium exhibited the best mechanical properties even though having the highest porosity. Our results suggest that this outstanding strength is due to the high proportion of skeletal hyphae and the highest chitin/chitosan content in the cell wall, next to its honeycomb structure. In addition, an increased calcium content was found in the hymenium and crust, and the presence of calcium oxalate crystals was confirmed by SEM-EDX. Interestingly, layers with different densities as well as layers of varying calcium and potassium depletion were found in the crust. Our results show the importance of considering the different structural and compositional characteristics of the segments when developing fungal-inspired materials and products. Moreover, the porous yet robust structure of hymenium is a promising blueprint for the development of advanced smart materials.
Non-invasive brain stimulation as treatment for motor impairment in people with Parkinson’s disease: Protocol for an umbrella review
Authors: Harris Dale M. , O’Bryan Steven J. , Latella Christopher
Published: June 2024

Background

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that predominantly affects movement and currently has no cure. Alongside medication, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) may be used as an adjunct therapy to attenuate the motor symptoms experienced by people with PD. However, there is considerable heterogeneity in the evidence exploring the effects of NIBS for improving aspects of physical function in people with PD. Therefore, this protocol paper will outline the objectives, structure and procedure of a proposed umbrella review which will comprehensively summarise and map the current body evidence on the effectiveness of NIBS for improving physical function in people with PD.

Methods and analysis

This study will adhere to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) reviewer’s manual and the PRISMA guidelines for conducting an umbrella review. The protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022380544). The population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes (PICO) method will be used to guide the search strategies and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Systematic reviews, with or without meta-analyses, based on quantitative or mixed-methods studies, will be searched for, and then critically evaluated by two authors using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2) tool. If the data allows, we will run a random effects pooled meta-analysis using standardized mean differences (SMDs), with heterogeneity and publication bias reported using the I2 statistic. We will determine the level of evidence using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) tool. Overlap in studies across reviews will be assessed using citation matrices and corrected covered areas (CCAs). Lastly, visual bubble plots will display the effects and strength of evidence from each review.

Discussion

This umbrella review will be the first to examine the collective evidence on the effectiveness of NIBS in improving physical outcomes for individuals with PD. It aims to provide an overall understanding of the relationship between NIBS and motor function changes, discuss underlying physiological mechanisms, and identify future therapeutic strategies.

Trial registration

PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022380544.
Empirical analysis of spatial heterogeneity in the development of China’s National Fitness Plan
Authors: Hu Yuanbo
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The National Fitness Plan (NFP) is a vital initiative aimed at realizing Healthy China 2030. This study assessed spatial heterogeneity in the NFP development and the socioeconomic factors contributing to this inequality.

Methods

Data from 31 administrative regions in 2021 were analyzed using four NFP development metrics. Spatial autocorrelation was evaluated using global Moran’s I, followed by global and local regression models for non-random spatial patterns.

Results

National physical fitness exhibited significant clustering (z = 5.403), notably a high-high cluster in East China. The global regression model identified three socioeconomic factors in the geographically weighted regression model: per capita disposable income and the number of public buses positively affected national physical fitness, while general public budget expenditure had a negative impact.

Conclusions

Persistent unequal NFP development is projected due to income disparities in economically backward regions. To promote the NFP effectively, a cost-efficient strategy includes creating 15-minute fitness circles, especially by establishing public sports facilities in Western China communities. These findings inform policy priorities for advancing the NFP towards Healthy China 2030.
Hizkuntzalaritza eta psikologia: Wundten garaia
Authors: Huizi Pello
Published: June 2024

Lan honen helburua hizkuntzalaritzaren eta psikologiaren arteko harremanak aztertzea da, jakintza arlo zientifiko independente gisako izatearen hastapenetan. Ikerketak xix. mendearen azken laurdena eta xx. mendearen lehen urteak hartzen ditu, bereziki, 1875etik 1920rakoa. Urte horiek aukeratzearen arrazoia da Wilhelm Wundt psikologia esperimentalaren sortzailea Leipzigera 1875ean iritsi zela eta han egon zela 1920ra arte, hil zen arte. Wundten ideiek eragin handia zuten psikologiaren garapenean ez ezik, hizkuntzalaritzaren garapenean ere. Bere hutsuneak gorabehera, eta agian haiengatik, psikologoen eta hizkuntzalarien arteko eztabaida eta harremanak piztu zituen, eta bere lanak ikerketa eta lan asko ekarri zituen. Horregatik deitu izan zaio aldi horri “Wundten garaia”.
Language Death
Authors: Huizi Pello
Published: June 2024

Heriotza da liburu honen gaia. Baina ez jendearena, edo jende jakin batena, hizkuntzena edo hizkuntza batzuena baizik. Hizkuntzak ere hil egin baitaitezke. Zoritxarrez. Hizkuntza asko hil direla eta beste asko hiltzeko zorian, edo gutxienez arriskuan, daudela edonork daki. Hori zoritxarra dela, ordea, ez du edonork uste. Izan ere, askok nahiago lukete munduan hizkuntza gutxi batzuk baizik ez izatea, eta hainbat hobe bakarra izatea lortuko balitz. Ez da hori Language death liburua idatzi duenaren ikuspegia, geroxeago ikusiko ditugun arrazoiengatik. Hortik liburuari jarri dion izena ere. Ez du hizkuntzak galtzeaz edo desagertzeaz hitz egiten, hizkuntzen «heriotzaz» baizik.
Las infraestructuras de investigación y la dinámica de jerarquización de la ciencia
Authors: Monteiro Neves Fabrício
Published: June 2024

Este artículo es resultado de una investigación empírica que buscaba discutir los procesos de jerarquización del conocimiento en la investigación Agroenergética en Brasil. El texto parte de la idea de que la Ciencia brasileña es descrita por sus científicos como «periférica», lo que influye en la dinámica de producción de conocimiento. Se argumenta que esta autodescripción está históricamente generalizada y que, a pesar de los avances sistémicos observados en toda América Latina -personal empleado, impacto del conocimiento e infraestructura de investigación-, continúa vigente como modo de inserción en el sistema internacional de ciencia y tecnología, influyendo en los procesos de jerarquización del conocimiento. En el trabajo que aquí se presenta, el foco recae sobre la infraestructura de investigación y su papel en el proceso de reproducción de esta autodescripción «periférica». Los resultados apuntan a una simetría material entre laboratorios internacionales y nacionales. Sin embargo, también indican que los problemas burocráticos y organizativos tienen un mayor impacto aquí que en otros lugares, constituyendo lo que se ha denominado «arreglos precarios» que influyen en la dimensión temporal de la investigación, una de las más importantes en el proceso de jerarquización científica.
Las memorias del movimiento eugenésico en el campo simbólico de la salud en Brasil
Authors: Franco Puttini Rodolfo , Dutra Gonçalves Adriana , Pimenta Bernardes Mariana , Gabrielle Osório Amanda , De Carvalho Ribeiro Lea Aparecida , Soler Donofre Giovanna , Murgi Alves Edilaine Aparecida
Published: June 2024

Este libro es un memorial. En la historia de la medicina brasileña, tales memorias han sido pocovaloradas; más interesante ha sido olvidarlas. Entendemos que al traerlas al debate en los cursos degrado y de especialización dirigidos a la formación de profesionales de la salud, resaltan los interesescomplementarios para una formación ética profesional. Pues, aunque se refiera específicamente a unperíodo histórico (entreguerras), cuando se utiliza la sociología del campo simbólico de Pierre Bourdieu,aplicada al campo de la salud, contemplamos la herencia en Brasil del período esclavista, de losideales eugenésicos y racistas que influyen, por qué no decirlo, hasta el día de hoy, en que celebramosel bicentenario de nuestra Independencia. Se trata de un momento vivo de nuestra historia que nopodría dejar de ser notado, especialmente en la actualidad, en la que hay un protagonismo dirigido alfortalecimiento de una conciencia ética para los ideales antirracistas.
Análisis cuantitativo de las normas jurídicas municipales y estatales en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Cristina Dacol Kelli , Furlan Meirinho André , Pickcius Celant João Henrique , Alécio Turnes Valério
Published: June 2024

La investigación presenta el panorama de las normas jurídicas estatales y municipales relacionadas con el nuevo coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), causante del COVID-19. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria, de acercamiento cuali-cuantitativo, incluyendo levantamiento bibliográfico y documental utilizando la Plataforma Leis Muncipais para recopilar datos relacionados con la legislación. Los datos recogidos mostraron diferencias significativas entre las 27 unidades federativas brasileñas, pues el número de normas jurídicas creadas osciló entre 9 y 5.667 normas por estado, lo que demuestra discrepancias cuantitativas entre las entidades federativas en lo que respecta a la implementación de directrices para combatir el COVID-19. Finalmente, se concluye que es importante establecer Planes de Emergencia para Crisis Epidemiológicas, basados ​​en estrategias nacionales y medidas establecidas regionalmente, para que las entidades federativas sean más asertivas en el momento de proponer medidas de control en forma de leyes y decretos.
A lassú turizmus megvalósításának modellje a sarudi Élményfalu példája alapján
Authors: Vargáné Gálicz Ivett , Dávid Lóránt Dénes
Published: June 2024

A lassú turizmus népszerűsége hazánkban is egyre inkább nő. Az utazók visszavágynak a természetbe, a természetes közegbe, ahol kiszakadva a mindennapok rohanó világából, megtapasztalhatják a hagyományos életmódot és a helyi kultúrát. A lassú turizmus lehetőséget ad az elmélyülésre és egy régi-új életstílus megismerésére. A lassú turizmus egy fenntartható turizmusformát képvisel, ami az élettempó lassítására és a helyi kultúra, természet, gasztronómia és közösség felfedezésére összpontosít. Ennek az élményutazási megközelítésnek a célja a testi, a lelki és a mentális feltöltődés, az ökológiai lábnyom minimalizálásával. Tanulmányunk bemutatja, hogy a sarudi Élményfaluban a lassú turizmus megvalósításával hogyan építenek a helyi erőforrásokra és a helyi lakosok bevonására, amivel erősítik a település identitását, ugyanakkor az utazók igényeihez igazodva minőségi élményt nyújtanak az oda érkezőknek.
Reflexões acerca da interrupção do fornecimento de serviço público diante da tutela do consumidor como direito fundamental
Authors: Stanley Rocha Souza Adriano , Câmara de Assis Lucas
Published: June 2024

O presente estudo visa analisar a sistemática acerca da interrupção do serviço público frente aos regramentos previstos na Lei 8.078/1990 e aos princípios constitucionais. Pretende-se apontar, neste trabalho, a partir de um enfoque metodológico com abordagem dedutiva, que a interrupção do serviço público por inadimplência do consumidor é inconstitucional. Assim, aspira-se esta pesquisa pela exclusão da possibilidade de interrupção de prestação de serviço público essencial por inadimplência, baseando-se na sistemática da lei consumerista como base principiológica e conforme a dignidade da pessoa humana. Para chegar-se nesse resultado, foi preciso avançar nos estudos da constitucionalização do Código de Defesa do Consumidor, bem como entender sua natureza jurídica, e toda sorte de princípios que protegem o consumidor frente ao arbítrio do fornecedor pessoa jurídica de direito público.
Parasol City
Authors: Claeys Damien , Cleven Sheldon , Perez-Perez Jesus Manuel , Roobaert Louis
Published: June 2024

Résumé. Alors que la digitalisation du réel modifie profondément notre rapport au monde, une expérience pédagogique a été menée avec des étudiant·es de deuxième année de bachelier en architecture, pour acquérir des compétences en conception et fabrication assistées par ordinateur (CFAO). La méthode pédagogique est fondée sur une posture socioconstructiviste et une mise en situation avec la méthode de l’apprentissage par projets. À l’issue d’un travail en équipe, les étudiant·es ont créé différentes variations paramétriques pour fabriquer une Parasol City.
Abstract. At a time when the digitalisation of reality is profoundly changing our relationship with the world, a teaching experiment was carried out with second-year Bachelor of Architecture students, to acquire skills in computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM). The teaching method is based on a socio-constructivist approach and a project-based learning method. Working in teams, the students created different parametric variations to make a Parasol City.
10 ans d'arrêts sur images, une pédagogie en mouvement
Authors: Houdé Joëlle , Manaresi Pietro
Published: June 2024

Résumé. En 2013, la pédagogie du dessin à main levée dans la faculté LOCI s’enrichissait d’un nouvel exercice sur le site de Bruxelles : Arrêts sur images. Dans cet exercice, à partir de l’observation de la narration complexe et aboutie d’un film, l’étudiant·e développe une lecture personnelle et sensible de l’architecture à différentes échelles (le détail, le bâtiment, le paysage). Illustré par une sélection de travaux d´étudiant·es, l’article présente l’état des lieux d’un processus pédagogique entamé il y a dix ans et toujours en mouvement.
Abstract. In 2013, the LOCI faculty added a new freehand drawing exercise in its Brussels campus: Arrêts sur images. Through this exercise, by observing the complex and accomplished narrative of a movie, the student produces a personal and sensitive drawing of architecture at different scales (the detail, the building, the landscape). Illustrated by a selection of students' work, the article takes a snapshot of a teaching process that began ten years ago but is still in the making.
Identifying Factors Influencing Sanitation Condition in Homes within Jatisari Urban Village, Semarang City
Authors: Herawati Lutfyana , Wijayanti Yuni
Published: June 2024

The condition of the sanitation environment within households is a crucial aspect of community health, ensuring the adoption of behaviors conducive to cleanliness and well-being. Inadequate sanitation conditions within homes pose risks and facilitate the transmission of various diseases. This research aims to explore factors associated with household sanitation conditions, including knowledge, attitudes, income, and education. The study employs an observational analytics approach, utilizing a cross-sectional design. The sample comprises 95 respondents, with research instruments including questionnaires and observational sheets. Data analysis involves both univariate and bivariate analyses, utilizing chi-square tests. Univariate analysis reveals that 42 respondents (44.2%) possess good knowledge, 48 (50.5%) exhibit positive attitudes, 54 (56.8%) have higher education levels, and 53 (55.8%) earn less than Rp. 3,060,000. Moreover, 80 respondents (84.2%) have adequate sanitation conditions at home. Bivariate analysis demonstrates significant relationships between knowledge (p = 0.000), attitude (p = 0.022), income (p = 0.019), education (p = 0.018), and household sanitation conditions. The findings suggest that enhancing awareness and promoting hygiene practices among the residents of Jatisari Village, Semarang City, can mitigate disease transmission and improve overall community health.
Risk Factors of Unsafe Behavior among Construction Workers
Authors: Putri Sindy Septyana , Wahyuningsih Anik Setyo
Published: June 2024

Globally, construction is considered the riskiest industry and construction workers have twice the risk of injury than workers in other jobs. PUPR Ministry data for 2017 states that construction is the largest contributor to accident cases in Indonesia with an average incidence of 32% each year. Unsafe behavior is the most common cause of work accidents. Based on observations, it was found that workers engaged in unsafe behavior in the Pekalongan City tidal food control project with an average incidence of 15% per day. This study aims to determine what factors are associated with unsafe behavior. The type of research used is analytic observational with a cross sectional approach and the sampling technique uses simple random sampling. The population of this study was 115 workers and the sample size was determine using the Slovin formula (error rate of 5%) obtained by 95 respondents. The research instruments used questionnairs and observation sheets. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant connection between knowledge (p=0.006), supervision (p=0.000), and fatigue (0.000) on unsafe behavior. The results of the multivariate analysis show that supervision is the most powerful factor influencing unsafe behavior.
Mg-0.5Ca-4Zn-xCaCO3 (x=8, 10) Alloy Foams with Closed-Pore Structure Synthesized by Powder Metallurgy Process for Implant Applications
Authors: Erryani Aprilia , Lestari Franciska Pramuji , Triwardono Joko , Elvira Bunga Rani , Siswayanti Bintoro , Setiawan Albertus Deny Hadi
Published: June 2024

This work aims to synthesize Mg-0.5Ca-4Zn alloy foams using a CaCO3 foaming agent and a powder metallurgy (PM) process. Mg-0.5Ca-4Zn-xCaCO3 (x=8, 10 wt.%) alloy precursors were prepared by mixing Mg, Ca, and Zn metal powders with CaCO3 granules, compacting, and then sintering at various temperatures (i.e., 650, 675, and 700 °C) for 5 hours in an argon atmosphere. The pore morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the phase formation was analyzed using X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The density and porosity were evaluated using an Archimedes test (ASTM B311-93). The compressive strength was examined using a universal testing machine (UTM) with a constant crosshead speed of 1.3 mm/min (ASTM D695-02). SEM observation reveals the formation of pores with a closed-cell type structure in all alloy compositions. Increasing either the CaCO3 content or sintering temperature results in an increase in porosity and pore sizes but a decrease in compressive strength. The maximum porosity of 43.208% was obtained in the alloy foam with 10 wt.% CaCO3 sintered at 700 °C; the foam exhibits a compressive strength of 52.9 MPa, close to cancellous bone.
Ecopoetic Noticing: The Intermedial Semiotic Entanglements of Fungi and Lichen
Authors: Azcárate Asunción López-Varela
Published: June 2024

This article employs Peircean semiotics to delve into the nuanced realm of “noticing” more-than-human forms of communication. It posits a fundamental challenge to the anthropocentric perspective, asserting that life itself constitutes a distinct form of agency and that voices extend beyond the human domain. Peircean semiotics disrupts the traditional superiority of human cognition and language, emphasizing the continual interplay of diverse signs rooted in various material modalities. Amidst the intricate fabric of more-than-human interactions, the article examines the roles of noise and sound within natural environments. In its exploration, the article turns its focus to the dynamic interplay of very simple organisms, like fungi and lichen, using them as exemplars to enrich comprehension of symbiosis and interconnectedness within communication systems spanning the entire spectrum of living organisms. By accentuating the significance of “noticing” within ecopoetics, the article underscores the latent communicative potential inherent in all life forms, beckoning for a heightened awareness of the voices that echo across the vast tapestry of existence.
Regenerative rehabilitation: a novel multidisciplinary field to maximize patient outcomes
Authors: Deng Chunchu , Aldali Fatima , Luo Hongmei , Chen Hong
Published: June 2024

Regenerative rehabilitation is a novel and rapidly developing multidisciplinary field that converges regenerative medicine and rehabilitation science, aiming to maximize the functions of disabled patients and their independence. While regenerative medicine provides state-of-the-art technologies that shed light on difficult-to-treated diseases, regenerative rehabilitation offers rehabilitation interventions to improve the positive effects of regenerative medicine. However, regenerative scientists and rehabilitation professionals focus on their aspects without enough exposure to advances in each other’s field. This disconnect has impeded the development of this field. Therefore, this review first introduces cutting-edge technologies such as stem cell technology, tissue engineering, biomaterial science, gene editing, and computer sciences that promote the progress pace of regenerative medicine, followed by a summary of preclinical studies and examples of clinical investigations that integrate rehabilitative methodologies into regenerative medicine. Then, challenges in this field are discussed, and possible solutions are provided for future directions. We aim to provide a platform for regenerative and rehabilitative professionals and clinicians in other areas to better understand the progress of regenerative rehabilitation, thus contributing to the clinical translation and management of innovative and reliable therapies.
Cortical Face-Selective Responses Emerge Early in Human Infancy
Authors: Kosakowski Heather L. , Cohen Michael A. , Herrera Lyneé , Nichoson Isabel , Kanwisher Nancy , Saxe Rebecca
Published: June 2024

In human adults, multiple cortical regions respond robustly to faces, including the occipital face area (OFA) and fusiform face area (FFA), implicated in face perception, and the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), implicated in higher-level social functions. When in development, does face selectivity arise in each of these regions? Here, we combined two awake infant functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets to create a sample size twice the size of previous reports (n = 65 infants; 2.6–9.6 months). Infants watched movies of faces, bodies, objects, and scenes, while fMRI data were collected. Despite variable amounts of data from each infant, individual subject whole-brain activation maps revealed responses to faces compared to nonface visual categories in the approximate location of OFA, FFA, STS, and MPFC. To determine the strength and nature of face selectivity in these regions, we used cross-validated functional region of interest analyses. Across this larger sample size, face responses in OFA, FFA, STS, and MPFC were significantly greater than responses to bodies, objects, and scenes. Even the youngest infants (2–5 months) showed significantly face-selective responses in FFA, STS, and MPFC, but not OFA. These results demonstrate that face selectivity is present in multiple cortical regions within months of birth, providing powerful constraints on theories of cortical development.
RhoGEF Tiam2 Regulates Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission in Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons
Authors: Rao Sadhna , Liang Feng , Herring Bruce E.
Published: June 2024

Glutamatergic synapses exhibit significant molecular diversity, but circuit-specific mechanisms that underlie synaptic regulation are not well characterized. Prior reports show that Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RhoGEF) Tiam1 regulates perforant path→dentate gyrus granule neuron synapses. In the present study, we report Tiam1's homolog Tiam2 is implicated in glutamatergic neurotransmission in CA1 pyramidal neurons. We find that Tiam2 regulates evoked excitatory glutamatergic currents via a postsynaptic mechanism mediated by the catalytic Dbl-homology domain. Overall, we present evidence for RhoGEF Tiam2's role in glutamatergic synapse function at Schaffer collateral→CA1 pyramidal neuron synapses.
Gene polymorphism in a population of Charolais beef cattle using DNA-markers
Authors: Kulibaba R. O. , Liashenko Yu. V. , Kulibaba S. V. , Sakhatskyi M. I.
Published: June 2024

Aim. To study the polymorphism of genes, associated with resistance to different diseases (TLR1, TLR4, SLC11A1,
TLR1, TLR4, IFNGR2, SLC11A1, TNFα, and MBL1) in the population of Charolais beef cattle. Methods. The studies
were conducted using the methods of polymerase chain reaction and the restriction fragment length polymorphism
(PCR-RFLP); the artificially created restriction site-PCR (ACRS-PCR) was used to study the polymorphism of gene
MBL1. Results. In the population (n = 100) of Charolais cattle, genes TLR1, IFNGR2, SLC11A1, TNFα, and MBL1
were polymorphic, while TLR4 was found to be monomorphic by three mutant variants (8732G>A, 8834G>C, and
2021C>T). BclI-polymorphism of the first exon was used to determine the excess of heterozygous animals (81.8 %);
there were no animals homozygous by allele A. By polymorphism of locus SLC11A1 for SNP6 (7808A>T), we deter-
mined complete domination of the frequency of allele A over T (0.985 vs 0.015), no animals, homozygous by allele
TT, were found. As for SNP5 7400C>G, there were no animals homozygous for allele G; the ratio of alleles C and G
was 0.79 and 0.21, respectively. By locus IFNGR2 (1008A>G), we determined the prevalence of the frequency of al-
lele A over G (0.745 vs 0.255); the animals with genotype AA were the most common. As for gene TNFα (–824A>G),
we determined a two-fold prevalence of the frequency of allele G over A due to a higher number of animals with geno-
type GG (39 %). Some 50 % of the animals were heterozygous for this gene.By locus MBL1,we found the prevalence
of the frequency of allele G (StyI-) as compared to A (StyI+) due to a considerable number of homozygous animals
GG (64 %). The percentage of homozygous animals was 37.8 %. Conclusions. General characteristics of genetic
variability of the Charolais beef cattle population were determined for the loci TLR1, TLR4, IFNGR2, SLC11A1,
TNFα, and MBL1. As for SNP6 7808A>T of locus SLC11A1, we have determined the final stage of allele A fixation,
by the results of which the gene will become completely monomorphic by this mutation. The results of the analysis
of the ratio between the frequencies of alleles and genotypes by the revealed polymorphic markers demonstrated that
it is unreasonable to use animals with different allelic variants of genes TLR1, IFNGR2, SLC11A1 in further studies
on the search for associations with the manifestation of economically valuable traits in Charolais beef cows of the
experimental population due to insufficient number of animals with different genotypes. For loci TNFα and MBL1, we
found enough animals with different genotypes to conduct further association studies. The deviation from the genetic
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed for the loci TLR1, SLC11A1 (7400C>G), and MBL1 in the population.
Efecto de la entrada en operación de la central hidroeléctrica más grande y de las energías renovables no convencionales en Colombia sobre el precio de bolsa
Authors: García Rendón John , Correa Giraldo Manuel , Gutiérrez Gómez Alejandro
Published: June 2024

Cada vez más estudios internacionales analizan el “efecto orden de mérito” de las energías renovables no convencionales. Sin embargo, es crucial examinar si este efecto se mantiene en el mercado hidroeléctrico de Colombia. Esta investigación utiliza un modelo de minimización de costos para estudiar cómo la entrada de la central hidroeléctrica más grande y las energías renovables no convencionales afectan el precio mayorista de la electricidad en el mercado colombiano. Los resultados principales muestran que la entrada de la primera turbina de Hidroituango, con una capacidad de 300 MW, y un aumento del 4 % en la demanda pueden incrementar el precio de bolsa entre un 0,5 % y un 4,6 % durante un año, dependiendo de la estrategia de oferta de Empresas Públicas de Medellín. Sin embargo, si se incorporan 2696 MW adicionales de energías renovables no convencionales habría una reducción significativa.
Students Anxiety in Speaking a Foreign Language. The Case of Eleventh Graders
Authors: Syahrani Agus , Iyoh Mastiyah  , Martina Martina , Asfar Dedy Ari , Cakranegara Pandu Adi , Lubna Syarifah , Anwar Sumarsih
Published: June 2024

Aim. This research was conducted through a descriptive-qualitative design that aimed to determine the factors of students' speaking anxiety.
Methods. This study used qualitative research involving 205 eleventh grade students of Senior High School on Pontianak, Indonesia who had attended English lessons. Data on students' anxiety in speaking English were collected using two instruments: questionnaires and interviews.
Result. eleventh graders students fall into the middle category, and their lack of mastery leads to speaking anxiety about grammar, a lack of vocabulary, and a lack of preparation.
Conclusion. Foreign language anxiety, especially in speaking, is a challenging problem for most students. Therefore, teachers should provide opportunities for students to practice speaking in front of the class gradually because such activities will positively increase their self-confidence and perception of their performance in the target language. More importantly, teachers and students must collaborate by providing a better learning environment and setting achievable speaking performance standards. If this activity is carried out continuously, it will increase students' motivation in learning foreign languages, especially class XI students at Pontianak High School.
Cognitive Value. This research will provide input for stakeholders, especially English teachers to overcome speaking anxiety in their classrooms.
The Importance of the Novelty Factor in Teaching Listening Comprehension
Authors: Ficzere Anikó , Haringa Ivan , Weiss Ervín
Published: June 2024

Aim. Acquiring the skill of listening comprehension can be considered as a difficult process, which is influenced by the personality traits of the student. Tolerance of novelty is an inherent and innovative factor in teaching a foreign language, which plays an important role in the effective processing of new information. The aim of the research is to determine the difference in listening comprehension performance between groups with different levels of tolerance of novelty.
Methods. We used standardised test to determine listening comprehension efficiency and the subscale of the Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale instrument to determine the degree of tolerance of novelty. The research was implemented with 154 university students who studied professional English at language level B2.
Results. A statistically significant difference in listening comprehension between respondents with high and average levels of tolerance of novelty was confirmed. Furthermore, we found significantly different listening performance between respondents with high and low tolerance of novelty. Respondents with a high tolerance of novelty deliver greater results in listening in a foreign language than people with an average and low level of tolerance of novelty.
Conclusion. Research shows that students with a higher tolerance of novelty are more willing to experiment with new, alternative forms and language structures in a foreign language. The personality factor of tolerance of novelty belongs to relatively dynamic personality characteristics that can be optimised with the help of the teacher's deliberate action and in this way simultaneously stimulate the cognitive processes of listening and understanding.