bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stephen M. Zimmerly, The Sidekick Comes of Age: How Young Adult Literature is Shifting the Sidekick Paradigm
Authors: Nilson Maria
Published: June 2020

Review/Recension
Nature Unnested
Authors: Forrester Kathleen
Published: June 2020

In Hans Christian Andersen’s iconic fairy tale, Den grimme ælling (The Ugly Duckling, 1843), we learn that “it does not matter that one has been born in the henyard as long as one has lain in a swan’s egg.” Claims to supremacy, worth, and belonging are nested in a children’s story about “nature” and bolstered by biological notions of kin and kind – some eggs are naturally better than others. Since Andersen’s nineteenth-century tale, the lost/found/switched egg narrative has become a trope in children’s literature, particularly in stories that explore themes of family and belonging, and yet little scholarly attention has been given to the egg in this regard. Drawing on queer, feminist, and posthumanist frameworks inspired by Donna Haraway’s natureculture thinking, this article examines the deployment of the egg-switch trope in Andersen’s The Ugly Duckling, in relation to two contemporary picturebooks, And Tango Makes Three (Parnell and Richardson, 2005), and The Odd Egg (Gravett, 2008). I treat the material-symbolic presence of the egg in these texts as a generative site for interrogating the construction and perpetuation of dominant notions of kin and kind, considering the complex and slippery ways that nature is called upon to uphold ideas of exceptionalism and normativity through discourses of origin and species. At the same time, acknowledging the concurrent conservative and radical potentialities of literature for children (Jaques), and guided by Rosi Braidotti’s affirmative ethics and Eve Sedgwick’s queer reparative approaches to criticism, I also read these texts as imaginative sites for noticing and theorizing alternative queer models of relationality that elevate chosen, non-biological, and cross-species kin.
What Can Danish Multicultural Children’s Literature and African American Children’s Literature Learn from Each Other?
Authors: Mansour Nadia , Martin Michelle H.
Published: June 2020

In its pedagogical context, multicultural literature is defined as an instrument for multicultural education that seeks to include and raise the voices of historically silenced and invisible minorities in the school curriculum.The contemporary American definition of multicultural literature emphasizes #OwnVoices and elevates authentic stories from insider perspectives, while in Denmark, no clear line is drawn between the author’s background and the literary content when categorizing multicultural literature that depicts minorities’ experiences. In this article, an African American scholar and a Danish scholar will put Danish and African American children’s literary histories in dialogue with one another and ask what Danish multicultural literature can learn from existing definitions within American multicultural and African American children’s literature, formulated by Rudine Sims Bishop, Mingshui Cai, and Michelle H. Martin. They will also address what literary movements and practices might be adapted to facilitate a more welcoming space for minority stories in Danish literature. In the United States, lively conversations are occurring about insiders vs. outsiders, #OwnVoices, and stereotypes; what are the implications for Danish children’s literature? The writers will analyze recently published works from each country that depicts the lives of minoritized people such as Özlem Cekic and Dorte Karrebæk’s Ayse får en lillebror (2018) and Derrick Barnes and Gordon C. James’s Crown: An Ode to the Fresh Cut (2017). This comparative analysis will highlight how marginalized and silenced voices bring new perspectives and fresh ideas into the cultural conversations of each country that would otherwise go unrepresented in children’s literature.
Local Wisdom of Tanjung Tanah Manuscript to Increase Historical Comprehension Ability
Authors: Lionar Uun , Mulyana Agus , Isrok'atun Isrok'atun
Published: June 2020

Learning history in schools has always been based on the process of knowledge transfer, including memorizing textbooks. That kind of method has reduced essence historical thinking, especially in the ability to historical comprehension. For the process to successfully reconstruct knowledge, one way that can be done is to use the history book of local wisdom in ancient manuscripts. The Tanjung Tanah manuscript is one of the ancient documents which contains the value of local wisdom, such as the value of responsibility, respect, and honesty. Through history learning based on local wisdom of the Tanjung Tanah manuscript, it is expected that students will be able to comprehend historical comprehension more quickly. This study uses quantitative methods with a quasi-experimental design. The population is students at grade ten of senior high school in Kerinci Regency, while the sample is students at degree ten of SMA Negeri 2 Kerinci. The results of the study show that learning the history of local wisdom of Tanjung Tanah manuscripts improves the students’ historical comprehension ability.Pembelajaran sejarah di sekolah selama ini masih bertumpu pada proses transfer of knowledge berupa menghafal isi buku teks. Cara tersebut telah mereduksi esensi keterampilan berpikir sejarah, terutama pada kemampuan pemahaman sejarah. Agar terjadi proses reconstruct of knowledge maka salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan adalah menghadirkan pembelajaran sejarah berbasis kearifan lokal dalam naskah-naskah kuno. Naskah Tanjung Tanah merupakan salah satu naskah kuno yang sarat nilai kearifan lokal, seperti nilai tanggung jawab, sikap hormat, dan kejujuran. Melalui pembelajaran sejarah berbasis kearifan lokal Naskah Tanjung Tanah diharapkan akan terjadi peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman sejarah pada siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif kuasi eksperimen, populasi adalah siswa SMA kelas X di Kabupaten Kerinci, sampel siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Kerinci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pembelajaran sejarah berbasis kearifan lokal Naskah Tanjung Tanah efektif meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman sejarah siswa.
Potassium Channel-Associated Bioelectricity of the Dermomyotome Determines Fin Patterning in Zebrafish
Authors: Silic Martin R , Wu Qiuyu , Kim Brian H , Golling Greg , Chen Kenny H , Freitas Renata , Chubykin Alexander A , Mittal Suresh K , Zhang GuangJun
Published: June 2020

It has long been recognized that the morphological complexity of vertebrates is established by spatially- and temporally-regulated cell signaling. For decades, studies of the molecular mechanisms....
Electrophysiological Alterations of Pyramidal Cells and Interneurons of the CA1 Region of the Hippocampus in a Novel Mouse Model of Dravet Syndrome
Authors: Dyment David A , Schock Sarah C , Deloughery Kristen , Tran Minh Hieu , Ure Kerstin , Nutter Lauryl M J , Creighton Amie , Yuan Julie , Banderali Umberto , Comas Tanya , Baumann Ewa , Jezierski Anna ,   Care4Rare Canada Consortium, Boycott Kym M , Mackenzie Alex E , Martina Marzia
Published: June 2020

Dravet syndrome is a developmental epileptic encephalopathy caused by pathogenic variation in SCN1A. To characterize the pathogenic substitution (p.H939R) of a local individual with Dravet syndrome, fibroblast cells from the individual were reprogrammed to pluripotent stem cells and differentiated into neurons. Sodium currents of these neurons were compared with healthy control induced neurons. A novel Scn1aH939R/+ mouse model was generated with the p.H939R substitution. Immunohistochemistry and electrophysiological experiments were performed on hippocampal slices of Scn1aH939R/+ mice. We found that the sodium currents recorded in the proband-induced neurons were significantly smaller and slower compared to wild type (WT). The resting membrane potential and spike amplitude were significantly depolarized in the proband-induced neurons. Similar differences in resting membrane potential and spike amplitude were observed in the interneurons of the hippocampus of Scn1aH939R/+ mice. The Scn1aH939R/+ mice showed the characteristic features of a Dravet-like phenotype: increased mortality and both spontaneous and heat-induced seizures. Immunohistochemistry showed a reduction in amount of parvalbumin and vesicular acetylcholine transporter in the hippocampus of Scn1aH939R/+ compared to WT mice. Overall, these results underline hyper-excitability of the hippocampal CA1 circuit of this novel mouse model of Dravet syndrome which, under certain conditions, such as temperature, can trigger seizure activity. This hyper-excitability is due to the altered electrophysiological properties of pyramidal neurons and interneurons which are caused by the dysfunction of the sodium channel bearing the p.H939R substitution. This novel Dravet syndrome model also highlights the reduction in acetylcholine and the contribution of pyramidal cells, in addition to interneurons, to network hyper-excitability.
Valoración y rediseño de una unidad sobre proporcionalidad, utilizando la herramienta Idoneidad Didáctica
Authors: Esqué de los ojos Daniel , Breda Adriana
Published: June 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir y analizar la reflexión que hace un profesor de su práctica, cuando utiliza los Criterios de Idoneidad Didáctica (CI) para valorar y rediseñar una unidad didáctica sobre la proporcionalidad. El análisis cualitativo del caso apunta que la valoración que hace el profesor de la unidad didáctica es bastante equilibrada, pues se pauta en todos los componentes de los CI. Sin embrago, al atribuir el peso al uso de los criterios en el rediseño de la unidad, el profesor pone más énfasis en la idoneidad epistémica, en particular, en el rediseño de diferentes tipologías de tareas con la finalidad de trabajar diferentes significados parciales de la proporcionalidad, en particular, el geométrico y el aritmético. Se concluye que este tipo de resultado puede ser observado en otras investigaciones que tratan de la reflexión que hace el profesor al utilizar la herramienta idoneidad didáctica.
Economia da Informação, Redes Eletrônicas e Regulação: Elementos de Análise
Authors: HERSCOVICI ALAIN
Published: June 2020

RESUMO Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os diferentes componentes da chamada nova economia. A primeira parte, essencialmente teórica, trata das várias concepções sobre a natureza e o papel da informação no funcionamento dos mercados. A segunda parte mostra as características microeconômicas das redes eletrônicas, avaliando suas propriedades competitivas. Na terceira parte, após delinear o atual regime de acumulação, é discutida a relação entre o desenvolvimento de redes e a implementação de um novo modo de regulação. Quanto a este assunto, são oferecidas interpretações alternativas do paradoxo de Solow.
Livestock rabies in Pará state, Brazil: a descriptive study (2004 to 2013)
Authors: Andrade Elane A. , Monteiro Francisco D.O. , Solorio Mónica R. , Raia Vanessa A. , Xavier Diego A. , Colino Elvira , Guimarães Ricardo J.P.S. , Abel Isis
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT: Rabies is an important zoonosis to public health associated with lethal encephalitis and economic losses. Analysis of its spatial distribution is a meaningful tool in understanding its dispersion, which may contribute to the control and prophylaxis of the disease. This study analyzed the spatial-temporal distribution of rabies outbreaks in livestock in Pará state, Brazil, from 2004 to 2013. We used records of neurological syndromes obtained from the state’s livestock authority (Adepará). The analysis recorded 711 neurological syndromes reports in livestock, of which 32.8% were positive for rabies. In 8% of the neurological syndromes (n=57) was not possible to perform the analysis because of bad-packaging conditions of the samples sent. Outbreaks involved at least 1,179 animals and cattle were the most affected animal species (76.8%). The numbers of reported neurological syndromes and of rabies outbreak shad strong positive correlation and exhibited decreasing linear trend. Spatially, most outbreaks occurred in two mesoregions in Pará (Northeast and Southeast). One of the justifications for this spatial distribution may be related with the distribution of the animals in the state, since these mesoregions are the largest cattle producers in Pará and have most of their territory deforested for pasture implementation.
A new species of Cyphocharax (Characiformes: Curimatidae) with a horizontal color pattern from the rio Tapajós drainage, Amazon basin, Brazil
Authors: Bortolo Gustavo Ceolin , Lima Flávio César Thadeo de
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT A new species of Cyphocharax is described from the rio Mentaí, a tributary of rio Arapiuns, lower rio Tapajós basin, Pará state, Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the combination of a rounded dark blotch at the caudal peduncle and a pattern of horizontal stripes formed by series of conspicuous dark spots situated over the center of the scales on the lateral and dorsolateral surfaces of the body. The new Cyphocharax is compared with similar congeners as C. helleri, C. multilineatus, and C. pantostictos. Comments on the distribution of C. multilineatus are provided.
Exploiting Cross-Lingual Subword Similarities in Low-Resource Document Classification
Authors: Zhang Mozhi , Fujinuma Yoshinari , Boyd-Graber Jordan
Published: June 2020

Text classification must sometimes be applied in a low-resource language with no labeled training data. However, training data may be available in a related language. We investigate whether character-level knowledge transfer from a related language helps text classification. We present a cross-lingual document classification framework (caco) that exploits cross-lingual subword similarity by jointly training a character-based embedder and a word-based classifier. The embedder derives vector representations for input words from their written forms, and the classifier makes predictions based on the word vectors. We use a joint character representation for both the source language and the target language, which allows the embedder to generalize knowledge about source language words to target language words with similar forms. We propose a multi-task objective that can further improve the model if additional cross-lingual or monolingual resources are available. Experiments confirm that character-level knowledge transfer is more data-efficient than word-level transfer between related languages.
Learning Long- and Short-Term User Literal-Preference with Multimodal Hierarchical Transformer Network for Personalized Image Caption
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ying Yue , Lu Pan , Zha Hongyuan
Published: June 2020

Personalized image caption, a natural extension of the standard image caption task, requires to generate brief image descriptions tailored for users' writing style and traits, and is more practical to meet users' real demands. Only a few recent studies shed light on this crucial task and learn static user representations to capture their long-term literal-preference. However, it is insufficient to achieve satisfactory performance due to the intrinsic existence of not only long-term user literal-preference, but also short-term literal-preference which is associated with users' recent states. To bridge this gap, we develop a novel multimodal hierarchical transformer network (MHTN) for personalized image caption in this paper. It learns short-term user literal-preference based on users' recent captions through a short-term user encoder at the low level. And at the high level, the multimodal encoder integrates target image representations with short-term literal-preference, as well as long-term literal-preference learned from user IDs. These two encoders enjoy the advantages of the powerful transformer networks. Extensive experiments on two real datasets show the effectiveness of considering two types of user literal-preference simultaneously and better performance over the state-of-the-art models.
SG-Net: Syntax-Guided Machine Reading Comprehension
Authors: Zhang Zhuosheng , Wu Yuwei , Zhou Junru , Duan Sufeng , Zhao Hai , Wang Rui
Published: June 2020

For machine reading comprehension, the capacity of effectively modeling the linguistic knowledge from the detail-riddled and lengthy passages and getting ride of the noises is essential to improve its performance. Traditional attentive models attend to all words without explicit constraint, which results in inaccurate concentration on some dispensable words. In this work, we propose using syntax to guide the text modeling by incorporating explicit syntactic constraints into attention mechanism for better linguistically motivated word representations. In detail, for self-attention network (SAN) sponsored Transformer-based encoder, we introduce syntactic dependency of interest (SDOI) design into the SAN to form an SDOI-SAN with syntax-guided self-attention. Syntax-guided network (SG-Net) is then composed of this extra SDOI-SAN and the SAN from the original Transformer encoder through a dual contextual architecture for better linguistics inspired representation. To verify its effectiveness, the proposed SG-Net is applied to typical pre-trained language model BERT which is right based on a Transformer encoder. Extensive experiments on popular benchmarks including SQuAD 2.0 and RACE show that the proposed SG-Net design helps achieve substantial performance improvement over strong baselines.
Dynamic Reward-Based Dueling Deep Dyna-Q: Robust Policy Learning in Noisy Environments
Authors: Zhao Yangyang , Wang Zhenyu , Yin Kai , Zhang Rui , Huang Zhenhua , Wang Pei
Published: June 2020

Task-oriented dialogue systems provide a convenient interface to help users complete tasks. An important consideration for task-oriented dialogue systems is the ability to against the noise commonly existed in the real-world conversation. Both rule-based strategies and statistical modeling techniques can solve noise problems, but they are costly. In this paper, we propose a new approach, called Dynamic Reward-based Dueling Deep Dyna-Q (DR-D3Q). The DR-D3Q can learn policies in noise robustly, and it is easy to implement by combining dynamic reward and the Dueling Deep Q-Network (Dueling DQN) into Deep Dyna-Q (DDQ) framework. The Dueling DQN can mitigate the negative impact of noise on learning policies, but it is inapplicable to dialogue domain due to different reward mechanisms. Unlike typical dialogue reward function, we integrate dynamic reward that provides reward in real-time for agent to make Dueling DQN adapt to dialogue domain. For the purpose of supplementing the limited amount of real user experiences, we take the DDQ framework as the basic framework. Experiments using simulation and human evaluation show that the DR-D3Q significantly improve the performance of policy learning tasks in noisy environments.1
Learning to Compare for Better Training and Evaluation of Open Domain Natural Language Generation Models
Authors: Zhou Wangchunshu , Xu Ke
Published: June 2020

Automated evaluation of open domain natural language generation (NLG) models remains a challenge and widely used metrics such as BLEU and Perplexity can be misleading in some cases. In our paper, we propose to evaluate natural language generation models by learning to compare a pair of generated sentences by fine-tuning BERT, which has been shown to have good natural language understanding ability. We also propose to evaluate the model-level quality of NLG models with sample-level comparison results with skill rating system. While able to be trained in a fully self-supervised fashion, our model can be further fine-tuned with a little amount of human preference annotation to better imitate human judgment. In addition to evaluating trained models, we propose to apply our model as a performance indicator during training for better hyperparameter tuning and early-stopping. We evaluate our approach on both story generation and chit-chat dialogue response generation. Experimental results show that our model correlates better with human preference compared with previous automated evaluation approaches. Training with the proposed metric yields better performance in human evaluation, which further demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model.
LATTE: Latent Type Modeling for Biomedical Entity Linking
Authors: Zhu Ming , Celikkaya Busra , Bhatia Parminder , Reddy Chandan K.
Published: June 2020

Entity linking is the task of linking mentions of named entities in natural language text, to entities in a curated knowledge-base. This is of significant importance in the biomedical domain, where it could be used to semantically annotate a large volume of clinical records and biomedical literature, to standardized concepts described in an ontology such as Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). We observe that with precise type information, entity disambiguation becomes a straightforward task. However, fine-grained type information is usually not available in biomedical domain. Thus, we propose LATTE, a LATent Type Entity Linking model, that improves entity linking by modeling the latent fine-grained type information about mentions and entities. Unlike previous methods that perform entity linking directly between the mentions and the entities, LATTE jointly does entity disambiguation, and latent fine-grained type learning, without direct supervision. We evaluate our model on two biomedical datasets: MedMentions, a large scale public dataset annotated with UMLS concepts, and a de-identified corpus of dictated doctor's notes that has been annotated with ICD concepts. Extensive experimental evaluation shows our model achieves significant performance improvements over several state-of-the-art techniques.
Impacts of SiC on the microstructure and wear performances of (SiC–Al3Ti)/7075 composites
Authors: Zhang Wenda , Chen Chengcheng , Xu Hong , Ma Yong , Che Luchang , Du Zhenmin , Dong Mengyao , Dong Binbin , Fan Jincheng , Guo Zhanhu
Published: June 2020

The influences of hybrid particles silicon carbide (SiC) and Al3Ti on the micromorphology, density, porosity, hardness and wear properties of hybrid 7075 aluminum (Al) composites fabricated through the stir-casting method were examined. In the case of fixed addition of titanium (Ti) to the hybrid 7075 material, the results show that the particle size of in-situ-formed Al3Ti alloy decreases gradually with the increase in silicon carbide addition. The density of composites first increases and then decreases with increasing silicon carbide particle content, and the porosity increases due to a certain amount of gas in the small and complex channels within the aggregates. The hardness increases with the addition of silicon carbide. Moreover, (SiC–Al3Ti)/7075 hybrid composites exhibit a lower wear rate than the 7075 alloy and Al3Ti/7075 composites. Compared with the wear rate of the alloy substrate, that of 5 wt% silicon carbide (SiC–Al3Ti)/7075 hybrid composites decreases by 17% at 15 N and 200 m sliding distance.
Application of nanotitanium-modified silane in bridge anticorrosion coating
Authors: Li Yangyin
Published: June 2020

This paper discusses the application of nano-modified silane in bridge anticorrosion coating, providing a reliable analysis basis for improving bridge quality. Nanotitanium-modified silane is prepared by mixing industrial titanium powder with silane solution. The formula of anticorrosion coating based on nanotitanium-modified silane is obtained according to the additional amount of nanotitanium-modified silane in the anticorrosion coating. The results show that the modified silane coating with nanotitanium has higher acid resistance, impact resistance, adhesion and wrinkle cracking resistance, which meet the requirements of the Chinese national standard. The modified silane coating with nanotitanium has higher corrosion resistance. When the modified silane is used as a filler to prepare anticorrosion coating, the coating film is toughened and strengthened and the adhesion is improved. The anticorrosion performance of the coating can be improved by increasing the amount of nanotitanium-modified silane. The total thickness of the coating with nanotitanium-modified silane is lower than that with nanoepoxy sealer, and the life cycle can be up to more than 70 years. The results show that when the nanotitanium-modified silane is used in bridge anticorrosion coating, the anticorrosive effect on the bridge can be significantly improved and the service life of the bridge can be prolonged.
Cafer Sadık Yaran, Âdil Bir Dünya Ümidi
Authors: Yıldız Ömer
Published: June 2020

Adalet, insanlık tarihiyle birlikte başlayıp günümüze kadar devam eden ve kıyamete kadar da devam edecek olan insanoğlunun her zaman öncelikli problemlerinin başında gelmiştir. İnsanların en büyük özlem duyduğu erdemlerden biri olan adalet erdemi her zaman güncelliğini korumuştur. Adalet erdemi, ahlak ve siyaset felsefesinin en temel konularından biri olup birçok filozof tarafından ele alınmıştır. Cafer Sadık Yaran kitabı yazma amacını “adalet konusundaki çalışmalara küçük çapta katkıda bulunma isteğimin yanında daha önce yaptığım Din Felsefesi, Ahlak Felsefesi ve Mantık alanındaki küçük çalışmalara bir de Çağdaş Felsefe çalışması katma arzusunun sonucunda ortaya çıkmış bir üründür.” şeklinde açıklamaktadır.
MicroRNA Affymetrix microarray probe labeling from ocular fluids v1
Authors: Smit-Mcbride Zeljka
Published: June 2020

Sample collection, isolation of miRNAs, and quality control Aqueous and vitreous humor, as well as plasma samples, have been collected from Diabetes mellitus (DM) and control patients during the standard-of-the-care eye surgery. Samples of 100-200ul were collected, aliquoted in 100ul aliquots, frozen on dry ice immediately and stored at -80oC. RNA was isolated using Exiqons’ modification of Qiagen’s microRNeasy kit. Quantification and quality check of isolated miRNAs was performed on BioAnalyzer (Agilent) with Small RNA microfluidics Chips. Affymetrix microarray probe labeling Probe labeling was done from 10 ng of aqueous, 20ng of vitreous and 20ng of plasma miRNA samples from a total of 24 aqueous, 24 vitreous and 25 plasma samples using FlashTag (Affymetrix) procedure. Labeled probes were hybridized to Affymetrix miRNA Array 3.0 in UC Davis Genome Center Microarray Core Facility using the standard procedure (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). The total data set included 73 Affymetrix miRNA 3.0 microarrays. Upon scanning of the hybridized and washed Chips, data was obtained in a set of Affymetrix data files (.cel, .arr, .jpg).
Saliva Collection and RNA Extraction for SARS-CoV-2 Detection v1
Authors: M Ott Isabel , Vogels Chantal , Grubaugh Nathan , L Wyllie Anne
Published: June 2020

This protocol details recommendations for collecting and processing saliva for SARS-CoV-2 detection, as used in Wyllie et al. 2020, which details results of testing saliva collected from COVID-19+ inpatients and asymptomatic healthcare workers. COVID-19 inpatients. Saliva samples were self-collected by the patient. Upon waking, patients were asked to avoid food, water and brushing of teeth until the sample was collected. Patients were asked to repeatedly spit into a sterile 90 mL specimen collection cup until roughly a quarter full of liquid (excluding bubbles), before securely closing it. For patients unable to provide saliva (such as those on mechanical ventilation), clinical teams were advised that suction could be used to collect saliva into the cup (or a sputum trap container for improved containment and safety). Collected volumes ranged from 0.5 - 20 mL. All saliva samples were stored at room temperature and transported to the research lab at the Yale School of Public Health within 5 hours of collection, with RNA for SARS-CoV-2 detection extracted within 12 hours of collection. When possible, saliva samples were stored at +4°C, otherwise they were kept at room temperature. Asymptomatic healthcare workers. Asymptomatic healthcare workers were asked to collect ~10 mL of saliva into a sterile specimen collection cup. No specific instructions were given regarding food intake etc prior to collection. Samples were delivered to the research lab at the Yale School of Public Health within 6 hours of collection and stored for up to 6 hours at +4°C until aliquoting for RNA extraction. Samples collected on overnight shifts were stored at +4°C before delivery to the research lab.
Illumina Nextera DNA Flex library construction and sequencing for SARS-CoV-2:Adapting COVID-19 ARTIC protocol v1
Authors: Pillay Sureshnee , Giandhari Jennifer , Tegally Houriiyah , Wilkinson Eduan , Chimukangara Benjamin , Lessells Richard , Moosa Yunus , Gazy Inbal , Fish Maryam , Singh Lavanya , Sedwell Khanyile Khulekani , Fonseca Vagner , Giovanetti Marta , Carols Alcantara Luiz , de Oliveira Tulio , Giandhari Jennifer
Published: June 2020

This protocol describes the procedure for generating cDNA from SARS-CoV-2 viral nucleic acid extracts and subsequently producing amplicons tiling the viral genome sequencing. It uses the V3 nCov-2019 primers from the ARTIC network. This is followed by library construction using Nextera Flex, which we found to save 9h of hands on time as compared with original protocol that use TrueSeq for library contstruction. It also describes the pooling of samples and quantitation, prior to sequencing on the Illumina Miseq and NextSeq. It is adapted from the nCov-2019 sequencing protocol from Quick and colleagues, which can be found here:
Cinco semanas de pré-temporada alteram o consumo máximo de oxigênio e a composição corporal de futebolistas?
Authors: Nascimento Reginaldo Luiz do , Costa Manoel da Cunha , Araujo Flavio de Souza , Gomes Mayardo Fanuel Silva , Silva William Lima da , Brito-Gomes Jorge Luiz de , Carvalho Ferdinando Oliveira
Published: June 2020

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar as alterações do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max) e da composição corporal de atletas profissionais de futebol após cinco semanas de pré-temporada. A amostra foi composta por atletas profissionais de futebol do sexo masculino participantes da série A1 primeira divisão do campeonato pernambucano do ano 2019 (n=22; idade: 24,0±3,6 anos). Foi avaliado, na pré-temporada e após cinco semanas de treinamento, o VO2max através do teste de 1600m, bem como variáveis antropométricas e um teste t pareado foi aplicado para verificar a diferença entre as médias pré vs. pós-treinamento. Houve melhora significativa nas varáveis analisadas com redução no índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura (CC), relação cintura-estatura (Rcest), percentual de gordura corporal e aumento no Vo2máx após cinco semanas de treinamento específico para jogadores de futebol profissional na fase de preparação física inicial (
Neural Network Detection and Segmentation of Mental Foramen in Panoramic Imaging
Authors: Kats Lazar , Vered Marilena , Blumer Sigalit , Kats Eytan
Published: June 2020

Objective: To apply the technique of deep learning on a small dataset of panoramic images for the detection and segmentation of the mental foramen (MF). Study design: In this study we used in-house dataset created within the School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University. The dataset contained randomly chosen and anonymized 112 digital panoramic X-ray images and corresponding segmentations of MF. In order to solve the task of segmentation of the MF we used a single fully convolution neural network, that was based on U-net as well as a cascade architecture. 70% of the data were randomly chosen for training, 15% for validation and accuracy was tested on 15%. The model was trained using NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 GPU. The SPSS software, version 17.0 (Chicago, IL, USA) was used for the statistical analysis. The study was approved by the ethical committee of Tel Aviv University. Results: The best results of the dice similarity coefficient ( DSC), precision, recall, MF-wise true positive rate (MFTPR) and MF-wise false positive rate (MFFPR) in single networks were 49.51%, 71.13%, 68.24%, 87.81% and 14.08%, respectively. The cascade of networks has shown better results than simple networks in recall and MFTPR, which were 88.83%, 93.75%, respectively, while DSC and precision achieved the lowest values, 31.77% and 23.92%, respectively. Conclusions: Currently, the U-net, one of the most used neural network architectures for biomedical application, was effectively used in this study. Methods based on deep learning are extremely important for automatic detection and segmentation in radiology and require further development.
As duas pontas da crise: as falências das casas bancárias em 1864 vistas de cima a baixo.
Authors: Mantuano da Fonseca Thiago Vinícius , Alvarenga de Oliveira Thiago
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal contribuir à elucidação de um dos momentos mais críticos da recente estrutura financeira brasileira – a chamada Crise do Souto – em 1864 na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Partimos da premissa que é necessário conhecer melhor o funcionamento e negócios das Casas Bancárias para entender os motivos e efeitos imediatos da crise na sociedade. Dessa forma, o artigo é estruturado da seguinte maneira: uma introdução que debate as interpretações contemporâneas e pesquisas historiográficas sobre a crise; uma análise dos principais credores e outra dos devedores dessas casas bancárias e, por fim, nossa hipótese sobre a atuação das casas bancárias na preeminência da crise.
KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE THINK PAIR AND SHARE (TPS) TERHADAP KEMAMP
Authors: Utami Titik , Mulyani Mulyani
Published: June 2020

Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah 1) untuk mengetahui rata-rata posttest kelas eksperimen mencapai KKM, 2) rata-rata Gain kelas eksperimen lebih besar dari pada rata-rata Gain kelas kontrol, dan 3) rata-rata posttest kelas eksperimen lebih baik dari pada rata-rata posttest kelas kontrol. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen melalui pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah VII di MTs Negeri Salatiga dengan sampel kelas VIIF sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIIH sebagai kelas kontrol. Tehnik mengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan Cluster Random Sampling. Variabel dalam penelitian terdiri dari variabel bebas yaitu model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS dan variabel terikat yaitu kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika. Instrumen pengumpulan data meliputi hasil pretest dan posttest kelompok eksperimen serta kontrol, lembar observasi guru, dan dokumen nilai UTS kelas eksperimen dan kontrol, serta foto-foto kegiatan pembelajaran. Tehnik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Uji Normalitas, Uji Homogenitas, dan Uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS efektif terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari: 1) rata-rata hasil posttest kelas eksperimen  73, 2) rata-rata Gain kelas eksperimen lebih besar dari pada rata-rata Gain kelas kontrol, dan 3) rata-rata hasil posttest kelas eksperimen lebih baik dari pada rata-rata posttest kelas kontrol.
RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY AND DESIRABILITY FUNCTION AS STATISTICAL TOOLS IN THE OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTROCOAGULATION PROCESS IN SURFACE WATER
Authors: Reis Efraim Lázaro , Combatt Maria Paulina Mendonza , Sanjuan Karina Esther Vasquez , Neves Antônio Augusto , Mendonça Regina Célia Santos
Published: June 2020

The electrocoagulation for water clarification for purification have been studied as alternative to the processes of the water treatment. This study aimed to model and to optimize this process for types of water with different turbidity conditions; considering the current intensity, electrolysis time and initial pH on apparent color removal, chemical oxygen demand and surface water turbidity. Electrocoagulation tests were make aluminum electrodes. The optimal operating conditions and models based on the response surface methodology were obtained with central composite design. In order to comply with the esthetic / organoleptic standard stipulated for this stage of the process, the characterization of the three types of water studied must have color < 15 uH, COD < 18 mg L-1 O2 and turbidity < 5 NTU). The correlation between the analyzed answers allows finding specific conditions of the parameters, assisting in the determination of safe work points in the operation of clarification.
CRIAÇÃO DE BANCO DE DADOS PARA SIMULAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL. PARTE 2: ESTIMATIVA DE PROPRIEDADES TERMOFÍSICAS DO BIODIESEL
Authors: Silva Gisele Cristina Rabelo , Caño de Andrade Maria Helena
Published: June 2020

O conhecimento adequado das propriedades físicas do biodiesel é necessário para simular e otimizar seu processo de obtenção, principalmente o reator químico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar modelos de predição de propriedades físicas de ésteres metílicos e etílicos que compõem o biodiesel para modelagem de um reator. Embora alguns dados experimentais estejam disponíveis, a determinação para todos os componentes existentes no biodiesel pode ter alto custo e ser uma tarefa complexa. Portanto, este trabalho investigou modelos de contribuição de grupos e abordagem por fragmentos no cálculo dessas propriedades. As propriedades avaliadas foram: temperatura normal de ebulição, temperatura crítica, pressão crítica, volume crítico, fator acêntrico, densidade, entalpia de vaporização, entalpia e energia de Gibbs de formação, viscosidade, número de cetano, propriedades de fluxo a frio e ponto de fulgor. Para cada propriedade avaliada, foi recomendado o modelo mais viável, comparando-se os valores estimados aos dados experimentais disponíveis na literatura. Assim, foi criado um banco de dados dessas propriedades para uso em aplicações de engenharia.
Demographic aging in the aspect of gender problems in modern Russia
Authors: Dobrokhleb Valentina G.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the research is to identify the features of demographic aging in terms of gender problems in modern Russia. The most significant demographic transformation of the current century is the process of population aging. It is established that the distinctive characteristics of the demographic dynamics in our country are: changing age structure of the population against the background of low fertility connected with the second stage of depopulation in Russia; a significant lagging behind not only economically developed but also several developing countries in life expectancy for both women and men; prevailing demographic asymmetry by gender; low indicators of healthy life expectancy, which are calculated without taking into account the gender component; burden of age-related diseases accumulated by the age of 65. It is shown that in Russia the number of elderly and old women exceeds the number of their male coevals by more than 15 million. Social, technological, and demographic transformations impact the dynamics of social roles. The most important change is the growth of women in paid work throughout the world, including in Russia. And women of retirement age have a high risk of social isolation. For many Russian pensioners with low per capita income and no savings the main strategy is that of survival. So now the most topical problem is changing the stereotype of women’s old age, associated with such concepts as lack of development, untidy appearance of a person without gender and desires that causes physical rejection.
Ecological masculinities: a response to societal crisises of our time
Authors: Hultman Martin , Pulé Paul
Published: June 2020

The present article is concerned with the nexus of masculinities and environment. The authors present their critical analyses of two configurations of masculinities the authors refer to as ‘industrial/breadwinner’ and ‘ecomodern’ masculinities that dominate politics worldwide. The authors stated their opinion on the fact that the first two configurations of masculinities are acutely but distinctly in conflict with the wellbeing of the planet. The paper presents an empirical and theoretical analysis of ‘ecological masculinities’, which considers the insights and limitations of masculinities studies, deep ecology, ecological feminism and feminist care theory. In this article, the authors focus their attention on the necessity of ecologisation of masculinities as well as on the need for men and masculinities to ‘ecologise’ relationally and create more caring encounters with self and others. In support of the need in a transition from hegemonisation to ecologisation, necessary configurations beyond the constraints of industrial/breadwinner and ecomodern masculinities are presented. The authors also argue that the potential to expose and resolve the anthropocentric discord between Earth, others and human beings is possible within the very constructs of manhood. The notion of ecological masculinities suggested in the article is a constructive response to the roles of men and masculine identities in the Anthropocene. The exit politics central to the notion of ecological masculinities represent a theoretical framework and plurality of practices reflective of a masculine ecologisation process. The authors encourage scholarly masculinities inquiries and practices towards broader, deeper and wider care for the ‘glocal’ (global and local) commons.
Etyka służby w grupach dyspozycyjnych — socjologiczne konteksty
Authors: Dudek Zygmunt
Published: June 2020

Etyka poszczególnych grup dyspozycyjnych stanowi istotne narzędzie kształtujące zachowania funkcjonariuszy tych grup i ma wpływ na prawidłowe funkcjonowanie każdej organizacji. W artyku-le poddano analizie rolę etyki zawodowej w codziennej służbie funkcjonariuszy policji. Rozważania w tym zakresie podjęte zostały w odniesieniu do kultury samej organizacji, jaką jest policja, jak również do dwóch obszarów działania jej funkcjonariuszy — to jest w ramach służby i poza nią. Celem opracowania jest wykazanie zależności pomiędzy oceną zachowań funkcjonariuszy policji przez pryzmat stosowania zasad etyki zawodowej a postrzeganiem tej instytucji w społeczeństwie i budowaniem zaufania do jej przedstawicieli.
Current Update on the Risk Factor Modification and Excercise Following Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Rahmianti Nia Dyah , Yusrizal Teuku , Al-Farabi Makhyan Jibril
Published: June 2020

Coronary artery disease (CAD) becomes primary disease causing morbidity and mortality in developed country. Chronic CAD disease progress over years or decades and becomes a significant health burden worldwide. Most CAD cases occur in individuals with at least one risk factor. Thus, risk modification and regular exercise are part of coronary artery disease management to reduce disease progression. Regular exercise training is an intense technique to expand the threshold of angina-free activity levels in stable disease conditions when symptomatic CAD has developed. This review will explain the current updates in the risk management and exercise that can be used to improve patients’ quality of life and reduce the severity progression of the disease.
MISINFORMATION RELATED TO COVID-19 IN INDONESIA
Authors: Nasir Narila Mutia , Baequni Baequni , Nurmansyah Mochamad Iqbal
Published: June 2020

Background: An increase in COVID-19 cases has been accompanied by an increase in public misinformation of basic coronavirus facts, its transmission and prevention.Aims: This study described public knowledge of COVID-19 misinformation in Indonesia.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study using online questionnaires for data collection from 4 to 11 April 2020. The questionnaires consisted of two parts regarding demographic characteristics and knowledge of misinformation. The sample in this study was  530 respondents. Descriptive analysis was used for data analysis.Results: The majority of respondents were below 25 years old (n = 342, 64.5%) and graduated from junior/senior high school education (n = 277, 52.3%). There were 13.2% of respondents who believed the COVID-19 can halt in Indonesia's climate, while 27.7% of them stated that COVID-19 is a biological weapon deliberaly created by a country. Meanwhile, 19.6% believed that gargling with salt water or vinegar can kill the COVID-19.Conclusion: A group of people still did not get misinformation of the COVID-19. Various efforts need to undertake to align community understanding of COVID-19 prevention, and thus they could get accurate  information. Keywords: COVID-19, misinformation, prevention measures, SARC-CoV-2.
PREDICTION MODEL FOR THE NUMBER OF ARI CASES IN CHILDREN IN SURABAYA USING ARIMA METHOD
Authors: Priambodo Alvin Zulhazmi , Mahmudah Mahmudah
Published: June 2020

Forecasting is an important element in planning decision-making related to estimating future events. Forecasting techniques that are often developed and used today are the Time Series. Time series is a measurement of events through the stages of time in hours, days, months, and years format. This research uses the ARIMA time series method. The ARIMA method is used to model acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children. The best model is determined using the smallest error through the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The study aims to predict the number of ARI cases in children in Surabaya. This research is an unobtrusive/nonreactive research. The researcher conditioned the subjects to not being aware that the subject is being studied and therefore, left the subject uninterrupted. The data used was the number of ARI cases in children from January 2014 to December 2018. The data was obtained from the monthly report of the Health Information System Unit (HIS) of the Surabaya Health Office. The conclusion from this study showed that the ARIMA method obtained the best model results, namely ARIMA (2,1,2) with a MAPE value of 15.024. Forecasting results fluctuated and a downward trend in the case of ARI children in Surabaya. In certain months, the number of acute respiratory infections has increased significantly, including in February and March.
GROUPING OF PROVINCES IN INDONESIA BASED ON MATERNAL HEALTH INDICATORS USING VARIABLE WEIGHTING K-MEANS AND FUZZY C-MEANS
Authors: Hermanto Elvira Mustikawati Putri
Published: June 2020

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is an indicator used to assess maternal health as well as the health status of a country. MMR is a target that must be achieved by Indonesian Government in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2030. The Government of Indonesia has made various efforts to reduce MMR. This study aims to determine the distribution pattern of indicators for improving maternal health by grouping provinces in Indonesia based on the characteristics of maternal health indicators. The variables used are indicators that affect maternal mortality, namely K4 coverage (x1), Td2+ immunization coverage (x2), maternity assisted by health workers in health facilities coverage (x3), post-partum check up coverage (x4), Puskesmas implementing pregnant classes (x5), Puskesmas implementing P4K (x6), participant of KB coverage (x7) in Indonesia in 2017. The grouping methods are Variable Weighting K-Means (VWKM) and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM). The selection of the best grouping results uses the Internal Cluster Dispersion Rate (icdrate). Based on the analysis results, the best grouping is generated by the FCM method. The icdrate value generated by FCM is 0.325 while the icdrate value generated by VWKM is 0.552. FCM produces five groups which can be categorized as groups with maternal health indicator characteristics with very low, low, medium, high, and very high scores. Provinces in a group tend to be geographically close. East Java and Bali are provinces included in the indicator group of very high maternal health. Papua and West Papua fall into the group for maternal health which is very low.