bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Ability of Deep Learning Models to Identify Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Implant Design From Plain Radiographs
Authors: Klemt Christian , Uzosike Akachimere Cosmas , Cohen-Levy Wayne Brian , Harvey Michael Joseph , Subih Murad Abdullah , Kwon Young-Min
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

The surgical management of patients with failed total hip or knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA) necessitates the identification of the implant manufacturer and model. Failure to accurately identify implant design leads to delays in care, increased morbidity, and healthcare costs. The automated identification of implant designs has the potential to assist in the surgical management of patients with failed arthroplasty. This study aimed to develop and validate a convolutional neural network deep learning model for the identification of primary and revision hip and knee total joint arthroplasty designs from plain radiographs.

Methods:

This study trained a convolutional neural network deep learning model to automatically identify 24 THA designs and 14 TKA designs from 11,204 anterior-posterior radiographs obtained from 8,763 patients. From these radiographs, 8,963 radiographs (80%) were used for model training and 2,241 radiographs (20%) were used for model validation. Model performance was assessed through receiver operating curve characteristics.

Results:

After 1,000 training epochs by the convolutional neural network deep learning model, the computational model discriminated 17 primary THA designs with an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.98, sensitivity of 95.8%, and specificity of 98.6%. The deep learning model discriminated eight primary TKA designs with an AUC of 0.97, sensitivity of 94.9%, and specificity of 97.8%. The deep learning model demonstrated an AUC of 0.98 and 0.96 for the identification of seven revision THA and six revision TKA designs, respectively.

Discussion:

This study developed and validated a convolutional neural network deep learning model for the identification of hip and knee total joint arthroplasty designs from plain radiographs. The study findings demonstrate excellent accuracy of the deep learning model for the identification of 24 THA and 14 TKA designs, illustrating the great potential of the deep learning model to assist in preoperative surgical planning of failed arthroplasty patients.
HUBUNGAN STATUS PEKERJAAN DAN PENGETAHUAN IBU DENGAN PEMBERIAN ASI ESKLUSIF DI KELURAHAN TANAH ENAM RATUS KECAMATAN MEDAN MARELAN TAHUN 2021
Authors: B Mastiur Julianti
Published: February 2022

Indikator keberhasilan pembangunan kesehatan dapat dilihat dari peningkatan atau penurunan derajat kesehatan. Salah satu indikator derajat kesehatan tersebut adalah Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB). Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) tahun 2012 masih tinggi yaitu 32 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup, sementara target Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) tahun 2015 untuk AKB sebesar 23 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup (SDKI, 2012). ASI eksklusif adalah bayi hanya diberi ASI saja selama 6 bulan, tanpa tambahan cairan lain seperti susu formula, jeruk, madu, air teh, dan air putih (Kristiyanisari, 2011). Menurut WHO menyusui eksklusif adalah tidak memberi bayi makanan atau minuman lain, termasuk air putih di samping menyusui kecuali obat-obatan dan mineral tetes, ASI perah juga diperbolehkan sampai minimal umur 6 bulan (Kemenkes RI, 2014). ASI dapat diberikan sampai bayi berusia 2 tahun atau bahkan lebih dari 2 tahun (Roesli, 2010). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status pekerjaan dan pengetahuan Ibu dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Kelurahan Tanah Enam Ratus Kecamatan Medan Marelan  Tahun 2021. Teknik sampling dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling.  Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu yang memiliki bayi >6-24 bulan di Kelurahan Tanah Enam Ratus Kecamatan Medan Marelan sebanyak 70 orang dan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil uji chi square menunjukkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan status pekerjaan (p=0,00), pengetahuan (p=0,000) dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif.  Diharapkan kepada ibu yang memiliki bayi dan ibu hamil dapat meluangkan waktu untuk mengikuti penyuluhan yang diselenggarakan oleh tenaga kesehatan di Kelurahan Tanah Enam Ratus Kecamatan Medan Marelan tentang pentingnya pemberian ASI Ekslusif.
Imran Khan: From Cricket Batsman to Populist Captain Tabdeli of Pakistan
Authors:   European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), Yilmaz Ihsan , Shakil Kainat
Published: February 2022

Imran Khan is not the first to use populism to wield power in Pakistan. Religious leaders, political figures, and military generals have used faith and the promise of a better life to gain support or legitimize their actions. The uniqueness of Khan’s populism lies in the fact that he has been able to condense a host of diverse ideologies into a coherent populist narrative that has endeared him to “the people.”
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf: Pakistan’s Iconic Populist Movement
Authors:   European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), Yilmaz Ihsan , Shakil Kainat
Published: February 2022

Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) used to be an activist party at a time when civil society was highly subdued under a military regime. Through modest civil disobedience, it has graduated to the status of a formidable opposition party. It has used populist rhetoric and tactics to delegitimize and “otherize” the conventional parties and position itself as the ideal voice and hope for “the people.” It has used a wide array of ideologies to support its populism, which tapped into deep-rooted anxieties in the public’s psyche.
Boogaloo Bois: Violent Anti-Establishment Extremists in Festive Hawaiian Shirts
Authors:   European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), Kenes Bulent
Published: February 2022

As a pro-Second Amendment movement, the Boogaloo Boys are easily recognizable because of their Hawaiian-themed Aloha shirts and masks along with their semiautomatic weapons. Having the basic characteristics of anti-establishment far-right populists and seeing the outbreak of violence as something like a party, typically accelerationist Boogaloo Boys use these Hawaiian shirts to hide their intention to trigger a civil war to overthrow what they regard as a corrupt establishment in the US.
QAnon: A Conspiracy Cult or Quasi-Religion of Modern Times?
Authors:   European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), Kenes Bulent
Published: February 2022

As with ISIL, QAnon’s ideology proliferates through easily-shareable digital content espousing grievances and injustices by “evil oppressors.” To perhaps a greater degree than any comparable movement, QAnon is a product of the social media era which created a perfect storm for it to spread. It was QAnon’s spread onto the mainstream social media platforms—and from there onto the streets—that made this phenomenon into a global concern. Social media platforms, again, aided and abetted QAnon growth by driving vulnerable audiences to their content.
KONSERVASI KUPU-KUPU SEBAGAI SERANGGA PENYERBUK YANG PENTING DI TAMAN NASIONAL BANTIMURUNG-BULUSARAUNG
Authors: Ngatimin Sri Nur Aminah
Published: February 2022

The purpose of study is to identify the species and frequency of butterfly visited on three types of flowers namely: Ixora paludosa, Hibiscus rosa-chinensis and Clerodendron japonicum. The information is very useful in the conservation effort of pollinator insects, especially butterflies that live around the Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, Maros district, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.  Research activities in the field trials were located in Simbang village (5 ° 01'23.2 "S and 119 ° 40'33.6" E), Maros district, South Sulawesi. The research was conducted in August to September 2018. There were two families butterflies visited the flowers i.e : Pieridae and Papilionidae. Six species of butterflies visited I. paludosa flowers, four species visited H. rosa chinensis  and seven species visited C. japonicum. The dominant butterfly species visited I. paludosa : Graphium agamemnon and Catopsilia scylla. The species of butterflies in H. rosa-chinensis are Papilio demolion and Troides helena, while those who frequently visited C. japonicum flower: C. pomona and C. scyllaKey words : butterfly, nectar, insect pollinator, Bantimurung, Sulawesi
Letsels, woede en verhalen van herstel
Authors: Vermeersch Peter
Published: February 2022

Hurt, anger, and narratives of repair

In this essay Peter Vermeersch, a social scientist and writer, describes his personal journey to the world of restorative justice. It starts with a group encounter between inmates and victims of non-related crimes in a Belgian prison. As one of the participants in this meeting the author discusses his experience as the victim of a robbery. He also gives an account of his experience as member of a jury trial for a murder case in Brussels, about which he published a book (2019). Vermeersch reflects on his role as juror, illuminates the short-comings of the justice system and its old-fashioned architecture, and most importantly, observes the complex human realities that hide behind the standard images of offenders, victims and other people involved in a crime. In this context, he asks what justice is, thinks about what the role of punishment and retribution can be, and, more broadly, discusses the potential of citizens’ participation and deliberation in issues of public interest. The essay includes several references to film, poetry and other literature that challenges stereotypical images of good and evil. It concludes with a discussion of the wider societal meaning and possible role of restorative justice.
CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE SUPERFÍCIES IMPERMEÁVEIS EM IMAGEM MULTIESPECTRAL COM ALGORITMO DE MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Furuya Michelle Tais Garcia , Furuya Danielle Elis Garcia , Osco Lucas Prado , Ramos Ana Paula Marques
Published: February 2022

The urbanization process exposes the urban landscape to rapid and constant transformations. The change in land use and land cover patterns directly impacts the quality of life in cities. Therefore, monitoring the urban territorial composition becomes essential for urban management. To gain access to these data, studies have been applying remote sensing techniques combined with machine learning. Satellite images provide large-scale data with high temporal resolution, making it easier to detect changes in the landscape. Machine learning algorithms, on the other hand, provide classifications with greater accuracy compared to traditional methods. From this context and the available techniques, the study aims to evaluate the performance of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm in quantifying impervious areas in the urban perimeter of Presidente Prudente from a Planet image. The classification process was done using ArcGIS Pro software. The results demonstrate high performance for the SVM when applied in classification of impervious areas in urban territory. The accuracy of 94% shows that the method proposed in the work is useful as a tool for urban planning.
Challenges of Implementing the First Narrative Medicine Course for Teaching Professionalism in Iran: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Daryazadeh Saeideh , Adibi Payman , Yamani Nikoo
Published: February 2022

Background: The narrative approach emerged in the late 19th century to humanize medicine, and narrative medicine was proposed to cultivate four skills, including empathy, reflection, professional commitment, and trust. Objectives: The present study aimed to describe the challenges of implementing the first narrative medicine course in Iran. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using an inductive approach in 2020. In total, 18 medical interns were selected via purposive sampling and enrolled in the study. Data were collected via in-depth semi-structured individual interviews. Data analysis was performed in the MAXQDA10 software. Results: In total, 523 codes were extracted, and the identified challenges were classified into three main categories and eight subcategories, including individual barriers (learners' attitudes, individual identity, and opposition to the clinical teacher), educational barriers (unsupported change, disorganization of sessions, educational atmosphere, and hidden curriculum), and environmental barriers (physical factors). Conclusions: According to the results, the narrative approach in medicine could be used efficiently through subsequent courses in various medical universities. It is recommended that expert opinions be considered in the implementation of such courses.
Analysis of Blood and Tissue miR-191, miR-22, and EGFR mRNA as Novel Biomarkers for Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Shahi Arezo , Bahrami Naghmeh , Rafiei Tabatabaei Robab , Kazempour Dizaji Mehdi , Jamaati Hamidreza , Mohamadnia Abdolreza
Published: February 2022

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Micro RNAs have emerged as a biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate miR-191, miR-22, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA in peripheral blood and tissues of patients with breast cancer. Methods: A number of 100 peripheral blood samples (50 patient blood samples and 50 healthy blood samples) were collected. Also, 100 tissue samples were simultaneously collected from affected patients by a specialist including 50 samples from the center of the tumor and 50 samples from the side tissues of tumors. Immediately, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed and polymerase chain reaction (real-time polymerase chain reaction) was performed. Results: The data obtained from the present study showed that the blood and tissue levels of miR-191 and EGFR mRNA were significantly increased in breast cancer samples compared to the group of healthy samples and the blood and tissue levels of miR-22 were significantly decreased in breast cancer samples compared to the group of healthy samples. The miR-191 was increased in patients compared to normal individuals up to 2.3 (blood) and 2.16 (tissue) times, respectively. The miR-22 was decreased in patients compared to normal individuals up to 1.46 (blood) and 1.28 (tissue) times, respectively. Also, EGFR expression was increased in patients compared to normal individuals up to 70.2 (blood) and 24.2 (tissue) times, respectively. Conclusions: The present study can play role in determining the prognosis of breast cancer and in obtaining molecular diagnostic biomarkers in peripheral blood and tissues of patients with breast cancer.
Phrasing, Steining
Authors: Mieszkowski Jan ,   DePaul University
Published: February 2022

The thesis of this essay is that Gertrude Stein plays an important role in The Differend, the brevity of her appearance in the book notwithstanding. Scarcely one and a half pages long, Lyotard’s discussion of a string of quotations from Stein is the most sustained consideration of a female author in his text. Lyotard is intrigued by Stein’s efforts to conceive of la phrase less as a form or building block than an event—or rupture—of language. Characterizing her work as écriture féminine, he cannot decide whether her “vagabond prose” is one genre among others or a uniquely disruptive verbal praxis that unsettles his most basic ideas about phrases and genres. In the final analysis, the precise status of Stein in Lyotard’s thought remains uncertain, as if her unruly presence might simply be a quirk of the signifier stein.
Freedom Comes from the Outside
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc , Morin Marie-Eve , Holloway Travis ,   DePaul University
Published: February 2022

On the one hand, freedom is said to be the property of a subject. On the other, freedom only happens in the space of being-in-common. Freedom, then, is the place of a conflict between the “self” and the “with,” between independence or autonomy and dependence or sharing. Resolving this apparent antinomy requires showing how the with ontologically constitutes the self. This, in turn, allows for a rethinking of freedom beyond what liberal democracy and political economy have to offer, as the renewed opening of existence onto nothing, or onto an “outside” that the opening itself constitutes.
Breastfeeding and the Pharmacist's Role in Maternal Medication Management: Identifying Barriers and the Need for Continuing Education
Authors: Byerley Eva M. , Perryman Dillon C. , Dykhuizen Sydney N. , Haak Jaclyn R. , Grindeland Carlina J. , Muzzy Williamson Julia D.
Published: February 2022

Breastfeeding offers a multitude of benefits for infants, mothers, and society. Exclusive breastfeeding of infants is recommended for at least the first 6 months of life. Although transfer of drug into breastmilk can occur, most medications are safe to use during breastfeeding. Pharmacists, regarded as the most accessible health care professionals, recognize their role as medication specialists for breastfeeding women. Unfortunately, a lack of formal and continuing education on medication use during lactation often results in pharmacists providing the unnecessary recommendation to disrupt breastfeeding during medication use. In addition to lack of education, other barriers pharmacists experience in providing optimal patient care during lactation include difficulty identifying breastfeeding status and inconsistency in recommendations between scientific resources. Pharmacists must voice their need for additional continuing education and take action to close the knowledge gap and address barriers to providing care.
A Comprehensive Review of Vaping Use in Pediatric Patients and Recent Changes in Regulatory Laws
Authors: Shelton Chasity M. , Black Haley , Proctor Johnathon , Hagemann Tracy M.
Published: February 2022

The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), also known as vapes, by adolescents and young adults has dramatically increased over the past several years. E-cigarettes continue to be the most used form of tobacco among youth. As a result of this concerning trend, policies at both the state and federal levels have been implemented to limit availability in this population. Additionally, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had some positive and negative effects on the youth vaping epidemic with adolescent consumers reporting limited access to retail sites during the stay-at-home executive orders, but easier access with online purchasing because age verification was often not required. Complications resulting from vaping have been reported and include e-cigarette or vaping product use–associated lung injury (EVALI) and thrombotic events. Data suggest that the use of vaping devices can lead to both short- and long-term respiratory morbidity in the pediatric population. This review serves to provide a comprehensive examination of vaping use in pediatric patients and recent changes in regulatory laws to equip pharmacists with the knowledge to be aware of the different devices and products available, ask their pediatric patients regularly about use, and counsel and educate on the potential harmful effects.
Tumor Genomic Profiling andEx VivoDrug Sensitivity Testing for Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Eaton Aubrie , Wong Victor , Schiff Deborah , Anderson Eric , Ding Hilda , Capparelli Edmund V. , Determan Deb , Kuo Dennis John
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE

To describe the frequency of use of tumor genomic profiling and functional ex vivo drug sensitivity testing in pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies at our institution, and to determine how the results affected treatment selection.

METHODS

A retrospective chart review was conducted to analyze the frequency of tumor genomic profiling and functional drug sensitivity screening in our institution in pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies and to ask if the results were used to direct treatment. A case series of patients for whom these testing recommendations resulted in therapeutic interventions is reported.

RESULTS

Thirty-three patients underwent tumor genomic profiling assays, functional ex vivo testing, or both. Nineteen patients (58%) had genomic profiling assays performed alone, 3 (9%) had functional ex vivo testing performed alone, and 11 (33%) had both tests performed. Twenty-one (64%) patients had potentially actionable mutations detected by the genomic profiling assay. Seven (21%) patients received at least 1 chemotherapeutic agent in accordance with the tumor genomic profiling or functional ex vivo drug sensitivity testing results. Three (43%) of the 7 patients who were treated with testing directed therapy had a favorable treatment response (PR or CR) to treatments selected based upon results of genomic or functional ex vivo testing.

CONCLUSIONS

This retrospective case series demonstrates that precision medicine techniques such as genomic profiling and drug sensitivity testing can positively inform treatment selection in pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory leukemia and lymphoma.
Trazodone Prescribing for Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder on Medicaid in Oregon
Authors: Klein Tracy A. , Graves Janessa M. , Panther Shannon
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE

To examine trazodone prescribing to Medicaid-insured children with a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from 2012 to 2016 for patient-level factors, including coexisting diagnoses associated with trazodone prescriptions.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort study used de-identified claims data from the Oregon Health Authority to analyze associations, frequency, and likelihood of new trazodone fills.

RESULTS

A total of 16,547 trazodone prescriptions were identified, representing 8.4% (n = 2,705) of 32,134 children. Most were filled for children ages 10 years and older. Children with ADHD were predominantly male (70.7%); however, more female children had a filled trazodone prescription compared with males (10.1% vs 7.7%). Female and male children with a filled trazodone prescription shared common diagnoses in the top 10 rank, although episodic mood disorders, such as bipolar disorder (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, diagnosis code 296) were only noted for female children. Female children were significantly older at the time of the first filled trazodone prescription (12.5 years; 95% CI, 12.3–12.7) compared with male children (12.0 years; 95% CI, 11.8–12.1). Modified Poisson regression models found children with ADHD and a filled trazodone prescription were 3 times more likely to have a sleep-related diagnosis as their most common diagnosis (excluding ADHD), compared with those of the same age and sex without a trazodone prescription (RR, 2.94; 95% CI, 2.44–3.54).

CONCLUSIONS

Children with ADHD are prescribed trazodone off label and for conditions with no national guidelines or clinical evidence of efficacy. Female children on Medicaid may be prescribed trazodone for concurrent mental health conditions, and further research is warranted regarding potential correlates.
Implementation of an Automatic 48-Hour Vancomycin Hard-Stop in a Pediatric Community Hospital
Authors: Cowart Mallory C. , Miller Danielle , Laham Federico R. , Jordan-Villegas Alejandro
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE

Previous studies evaluating antimicrobial time-outs and required stop dates on antimicrobial orders indicate that these strategies are effective in decreasing antimicrobial duration and cost without a negative impact on patient outcomes. Few have evaluated use of a hard-stop strategy. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and impact of a vancomycin hard-stop at 48 hours of therapy on vancomycin use.

METHODS

This retrospective review compared 2 groups, a hard-stop pre-implementation group from April 2018 through March 2019 and a hard-stop post-implementation group from May 2019 through April 2020. The primary outcome was change in days of therapy (DOT) per ordered course of vancomycin therapy. Secondary outcomes included DOT per 1000 patient days (PD), number of courses continued beyond 48 hours, number of vancomycin concentrations drawn and drug acquisition cost.

RESULTS

A total of 554 courses of vancomycin were prescribed (228 in the pre-implementation group and 326 in the post-implementation group). The median DOT per ordered course of vancomycin was 1.58 days (IQR, 1.00–2.59) in the pre-implementation group compared with 1.55 days (IQR, 1.00–1.99) in the post-implementation group (p = 0.51). Fewer vancomycin courses continued beyond 48 hours after hard-stop implementation (23% versus 33%) and fewer vancomycin concentrations were obtained in the post-implementation period than in the pre-implementation period despite more ordered courses of vancomycin therapy, 114 concentrations versus 153 concentrations, respectively. Overall, the total yearly drug acquisition cost savings to the pharmacy equated to $3000.

CONCLUSIONS

Implementation of a vancomycin hard-stop at 48 hours of therapy is a feasible antimicrobial stewardship tool that may have significant clinical and operational impacts.
SANITASI ALERGEN PADA PROSES PRODUKSI BISKUIT DALAM UPAYA MENGURANGI RESIDU ALERGEN TELUR
Authors:   Program Studi Magister Teknologi Pangan, Sekolah Pascasarjana, IPB University, Bogor, Sari Kartika , Palupi Nurheni Sri , Giriwono Puspo Edi ,   Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, IPB University, Bogor
Published: February 2022

Food allergy is a hypersensitive response to food, generally protein, triggered by body immune system. These responses can be mild, however in very rare cases may cause severe reactions and life threatening known as called anaphylaxis. Food allergy has been one of the main factors for product recall. It can happen due to many reasons, such as product package labeling fault, raw material labeling fault and cross contamination. Validation of the effectiveness of cleaning and sanitation process become a critical point to minimize cross contamination. This study aimed to determine the optimum chemical concentration and contact time to eliminate egg residue in biscuit production cleaning process, obtain valid and verified cleaning procedures, and produce cleaning procedures that can be implemented in a production line. The result showed that physical cleaning/pre-cleaning for 30 minute and using 1% (v/v) concentration of caustic based polybrite chemical cleaning for 3-minute contact time can effectively eliminate the egg residue on stainless steel and polyurethane surface equipment. Food contact surface material and product characteristics (wet dough, dry biscuit) affected the number of egg residue on the equipment. Packing area with food contact surface equipment made from stainless steel is not considered critical area for allergen sanitation. It is shown that prior to sanitation process, analysis of egg allergen residue has already given negative result. Validation process can prove the effectiveness of allergen sanitation process to prevent potential egg allergen cross contamination in biscuit production.
Blind Men and the Elephant
Authors: Hasu Mervi
Published: February 2022

I suggest that the transformation of an artifact from an introductory-type instrument into a viable, collectively used tool cannot be understood solely in terms of gradual adaptation of the technology and user environment, but also as a qualitatively broader integration process in which an expansion takes place. The case illustrated a constrained shift of an artifact from its first adopter, an individual pioneer user, to a more collective user in institutional medicine. The artifact, a neuromagnetometer instrument for brain research and diagnostics, brings together physicists, neuroscientists, physicians as well as various practitioners from the medical imaging industry. I applied an activity-theoretical framework for analysing the adoption of the neuromagnetometer from the pioneer phase of implementation into the more established use. The case showed that the anticipated transformation of the artifact constituted a major challenge for the user organization and its practitioners. It is suggested that an expansion of the object into a shared object of implementation among the separate practitioner groups is indispensable.This expansion of the object involves for the practitioners to recognize both the different objects and requirements of the pioneer phase of the implementation and the new phase of introduction into medical practice. It is shown that this recognition does not, however, come as given, spontaneously born in the transition. The emerging new object may remain only partially shared if not made visible by deliberate effort among the practitioners. The expansion requires collective visualization of the work and reflective dialogue on it. Employing analytical tools, such as the activity-theoretical concepts used here, is one possible way of facilitating such an effort.
The Continuity of Action and Thinking in Learning
Authors: Elkjaer Bente
Published: February 2022

In recent years, there have been many attempts at defining learning as a social phenomenon as opposed to an individual and primarily psychological matter. The move towards understanding learning as social processes has also altered the concept of knowledge as a well-defined element stored in books, brains, CD-Roms, disks, videos or on the Internet. Instead, knowledge has been perceived as a social and context related construction. The roots of the social angle within theories on learning and knowledge are much older than the current literature suggests. This paper illustrates how these theories can be traced back to pragmatism as a philosophy and foundation for an educational approach introduced by the American, John Dewey, more than one hundred years ago. The paper also suggests that Dewey avoids some pitfalls that have come with the new theories, particularly the strong division between individual vs. social and school vs. everyday life learning.
“That world is not for me”: Constructing a personal sense of opposition against school obligations
Authors: Ramos Claudia L. Saucedo Ramos
Published: February 2022

This study contributes to the contemporary discussion on school drop-out. Based on ethnographic materials I analyze the life contexts of working-class families in Mexico. Two case-stories from these materials on school drop-outs are presented and analyzed here. These two young people constructed narrative self-understandings and orientations about their lives and school drop-out in which they describe their experiences of school as a way to participate in "multiple worlds" across different social contexts in search of more rewarding life options than school. Confronted with collective cultural meanings about school, children and teenagers are able to construct a personal sense legitimating or resisting these collective meanings. This is occurring in a situation where important changes are taking place across generations concerning the meaning of school resulting from historical, economical and national changes and from the ways in which people use and enact collective cultural meanings about school. I argue for a reevaluation of the forms of participation of working class families and children in school. And I conclude that we need to replace the predominant disconnected understanding of the value of school learning and school knowledge with an understanding of the meaning of school in children's and teenagers' participation across different contexts with different relations to others.
Experience and Truthtelling
Authors: Valverde Mariana
Published: February 2022

This is a Foucault-inspired, postmodern study of ethical subjectivity. Technologies of life, personal truths and relations between truth telling and intoxication are highlighted in drug autobiographies and in materials from a study of Alcoholics Anonymous. Here other notions of the self are at play than the concept of the unified, autonomous, authentic self. These materials also offer an understanding of addiction as a dysfunction or disorganisation of temporality in everyday life.
The Status and Future of Arabic Use amid Colonial Languages in the Arab World in Times of Globalization and Advanced Technology: A Political and Sociolinguistic Approach
Authors: Lachkar Abdenbi
Published: February 2022

This paper studies the languages and cultures that are commonly present in individual and collective practices of the Arab world, to understand the extent to which the identity and the linguistic approach in the region are affected by the historical and geographical context. It analyzes the status of Arabic and its future amid colonial languages, such as English and French, in the Arab world, specifically Morocco and Lebanon as case studies, in times of globalization and advanced technology. In a large and diversified arena, such as the Arab world, there is often a strong commitment and devotion to languages, such as Arabic, French, and English. Accordingly, this study further examines how Arabic can strengthen its practice and protect its status in an environment dominated by colonial languages. In this regard, the future of the Arabic language in the current ever-changing sociolinguistic context is subject to questioning and concerns for its official forthcoming evolution. Globalization, internet, social networks, digital technologies, and fast communication are no longer enabling linguistic authorities to provide a clear and accurate vision on the future of this language. Thus, addressing the question of languages in the future pushes researchers to consider and analyze the several linguistic strategies and policies implemented by the concerned authorities who are building and promoting an overall representation within and outside their original area.
Cycles of higher-order Collatz sequences
Authors:   University of Groningen, The Netherlands, Simons John L.
Published: February 2022

Consider a sequence of numbers x_n \in \mathbb{Z_+} defined by x_{n+1}= \frac{x_n}{2} if x_n is even, and x_{n+1}= \frac{x_n+2x_{n-1}+q}{2} if x_n is odd. A 1-cycle is a periodic sequence with one transition from odd to even numbers. We prove theoretical and computational results for the existence of 1-cycles, and discuss a generalization to more complex cycles.
Inference of the SARS-CoV-2 generation time using UK household data
Authors: Hart William S , Abbott Sam , Endo Akira , Hellewell Joel , Miller Elizabeth , Andrews Nick , Maini Philip K , Funk Sebastian , Thompson Robin N
Published: February 2022

The distribution of the generation time (the interval between individuals becoming infected and transmitting the virus) characterises changes in the transmission risk during SARS-CoV-2 infections. Inferring the generation time distribution is essential to plan and assess public health measures. We previously developed a mechanistic approach for estimating the generation time, which provided an improved fit to data from the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic (December 2019-March 2020) compared to existing models (Hart et al., 2021). However, few estimates of the generation time exist based on data from later in the pandemic. Here, using data from a household study conducted from March to November 2020 in the UK, we provide updated estimates of the generation time. We considered both a commonly used approach in which the transmission risk is assumed to be independent of when symptoms develop, and our mechanistic model in which transmission and symptoms are linked explicitly. Assuming independent transmission and symptoms, we estimated a mean generation time (4.2 days, 95% credible interval 3.3–5.3 days) similar to previous estimates from other countries, but with a higher standard deviation (4.9 days, 3.0–8.3 days). Using our mechanistic approach, we estimated a longer mean generation time (5.9 days, 5.2–7.0 days) and a similar standard deviation (4.8 days, 4.0–6.3 days). As well as estimating the generation time using data from the entire study period, we also considered whether the generation time varied temporally. Both models suggest a shorter mean generation time in September-November 2020 compared to earlier months. Since the SARS-CoV-2 generation time appears to be changing, further data collection and analysis is necessary to continue to monitor ongoing transmission and inform future public health policy decisions.
Heparan sulfate-dependent RAGE oligomerization is indispensable for pathophysiological functions of RAGE
Authors: Li Miaomiao , Ong Chih Yean , Langouët-Astrié Christophe J , Tan Lisi , Verma Ashwni , Yang Yimu , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Shah Dhaval K , Schmidt Eric P , Xu Ding
Published: February 2022

RAGE, a druggable inflammatory receptor, is known to function as an oligomer but the exact oligomerization mechanism remains poorly understood. Previously we have shown that heparan sulfate (HS) plays an active role in RAGE oligomerization. To understand the physiological significance of HS-induced RAGE oligomerization in vivo, we generated RAGE knock-in mice (AgerAHA/AHA) by introducing point mutations to specifically disrupt HS-RAGE interaction. The RAGE mutant demonstrated normal ligand-binding but impaired capacity of HS-binding and oligomerization. Remarkably, AgerAHA/AHA mice phenocopied Ager−/− mice in two different pathophysiological processes, namely bone remodeling and neutrophil-mediated liver injury, which demonstrates that HS-induced RAGE oligomerization is essential for RAGE signaling. Our findings suggest that it should be possible to block RAGE signaling by inhibiting HS-RAGE interaction. To test this, we generated a monoclonal antibody that targets the HS-binding site of RAGE. This antibody blocks RAGE signaling in vitro and in vivo, recapitulating the phenotype of AgerAHA/AHA mice. By inhibiting HS-RAGE interaction genetically and pharmacologically, our work validated an alternative strategy to antagonize RAGE. Finally, we have performed RNA-seq analysis of neutrophils and lungs and found that while Ager−/− mice had a broad alteration of transcriptome in both tissues compared to wild-type mice, the changes of transcriptome in AgerAHA/AHA mice were much more restricted. This unexpected finding suggests that by preserving the expression of RAGE protein (in a dominant-negative form), AgerAHA/AHA mouse might represent a cleaner genetic model to study physiological roles of RAGE in vivo compared to Ager−/− mice.
KIF2C regulates synaptic plasticity and cognition in mice through dynamic microtubule depolymerization
Authors: Zheng Rui , Du Yonglan , Wang Xintai , Liao Tailin , Zhang Zhe , Wang Na , Li Xiumao , Shen Ying , Shi Lei , Luo Jianhong , Xia Jun , Wang Ziyi , Xu Junyu
Published: February 2022

Dynamic microtubules play a critical role in cell structure and function. In nervous system, microtubules are the major route for cargo protein trafficking and they specially extend into and out of synapses to regulate synaptic development and plasticity. However, the detailed depolymerization mechanism that regulates dynamic microtubules in synapses and dendrites is still unclear. In this study, we find that KIF2C, a dynamic microtubule depolymerization protein without known function in the nervous system, plays a pivotal role in the structural and functional plasticity of synapses and regulates cognitive function in mice. Through its microtubule depolymerization capability, KIF2C regulates microtubule dynamics in dendrites, and regulates microtubule invasion of spines in neurons in a neuronal activity-dependent manner. Using RNAi knockdown and conditional knockout approaches, we showed that KIF2C regulates spine morphology and synaptic membrane expression of AMPA receptors. Moreover, KIF2C deficiency leads to impaired excitatory transmission, long-term potentiation, and altered cognitive behaviors in mice. Collectively, our study explores a novel function of KIF2C in the nervous system and provides an important regulatory mechanism on how activity-dependent microtubule dynamic regulates synaptic plasticity and cognition behaviors.
Somite morphogenesis is required for axial blood vessel formation during zebrafish embryogenesis
Authors: Paulissen Eric , Palmisano Nicholas J , Waxman Joshua S , Martin Benjamin L
Published: February 2022

Angioblasts that form the major axial blood vessels of the dorsal aorta and cardinal vein migrate toward the embryonic midline from distant lateral positions. Little is known about what controls the precise timing of angioblast migration and their final destination at the midline. Using zebrafish, we found that midline angioblast migration requires neighboring tissue rearrangements generated by somite morphogenesis. The somitic shape changes cause the adjacent notochord to separate from the underlying endoderm, creating a ventral midline cavity that provides a physical space for the angioblasts to migrate into. The anterior to posterior progression of midline angioblast migration is facilitated by retinoic acid-induced anterior to posterior somite maturation and the subsequent progressive opening of the ventral midline cavity. Our work demonstrates a critical role for somite morphogenesis in organizing surrounding tissues to facilitate notochord positioning and angioblast migration, which is ultimately responsible for creating a functional cardiovascular system.
Spring rituals of the Varkled-Böd’ya Udmurt / Весенние обряды удмуртов д. Варклед-Бодья
Authors:   INALCO (Institute of Eastern Languages and Cultures), Paris, Toulouze Eva , Anisimov Nikolai ,   Department of Folkloristics, Estonian Literary Museum, Estonia,   Udmurt Institute of History, Language and Literature UdmFRC UB RAS,   Chair of Ethnology at the University of Tartu, Estonia
Published: February 2022

This book is a homage the authors want to pay to the inhabitants of Varkled-Böd’ya, in the Agryz district, Tatarstan, who have been able to retain old rituals that make sense in their everyday, contemporary lives. The Udmurts from this village are great informants, very open people who agreed to share their knowledge.
Validation of a battery of inhibitory control tasks reveals a multifaceted structure in non-human primates
Authors: Loyant Louise , Waller Bridget M. , Micheletta Jérôme , Joly Marine
Published: February 2022

Inhibitory control, the ability to override an inappropriate prepotent response, is crucial in many aspects of everyday life. However, the various paradigms designed to measure inhibitory control often suffer from a lack of systematic validation and have yielded mixed results. Thus the nature of this ability remains unclear, is it a general construct or a family of distinct sub-components? Therefore, the aim of this study was first to demonstrate the content validity and the temporal repeatability of a battery of inhibitory control tasks. Then we wanted to assess the contextual consistency of performances between these tasks to better understand the structure of inhibitory control. We tested 21 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, 12 males, nine females) in a battery of touchscreen tasks assessing three main components of inhibitory control: inhibition of a distraction (using a Distraction task), inhibition of an impulsive action (using a Go/No-go task) and inhibition of a cognitive set (using a Reversal learning task). All tasks were reliable and effective at measuring the inhibition of a prepotent response. However, while there was consistency of performance between the inhibition of a distraction and the inhibition of an action, representing a response-driven basic form of inhibition, this was not found for the inhibition of a cognitive set. We argue that the inhibition of a cognitive set is a more cognitively demanding form of inhibition. This study gives a new insight in the multifaceted structure of inhibitory control and highlights the importance of a systematic validation of cognitive tasks in animal cognition.
Role of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGFR) in Oral Cancer
Authors: Agrawal Akhilesh G. , Hande Alka H. , Bansod Anand , Goenka Yash , Panchabhai Arati
Published: February 2022

Oral cancer is a pronounced disease and has the sixth-highest incidence among all the cancers occurring worldwide. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGFR) is of most prognostic significance among various markers found in oral squamous cell carcinoma. But no established criterion is universally used to evaluate EGFR expression. EGFR is known to perform a significant role in oral cancer development, and its overexpression dictates the poor clinical course of cancer. It is considered to be not only a valuable prognostic biomarker but also a promising therapeutic target in cancer treatment. Stimulation of EGFR enhances cancer processes, including increased cell division, neovascularization, invasion/metastasis, and escape from apoptosis. Increased EGFR levels are also observed in other cancers of the body. EGFR detection in OSCC can fulfill multiple roles in cancer diagnostics, such as early-stage, prognosis assessment, and treatment plan. The EGFR is a proto-oncogene activated at the cell membrane surface by transforming growth factor-α serves to advance cellular proliferation in cancer tissue.  The literature demonstrates that EGFR is an important target for anti-cancer drugs in an advanced stage of head and neck cancers. Hence, understanding EGFR is essential to learning the development cascade of cancer.
Abies webbiana Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Its Anti-inflammatory Activity
Authors: Priyadharshini S. , Jeevitha M. , Rajeshkumar S. , Jayaraman Selvaraj
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Green nanoparticle synthesis provides a number of advantages, including being environmentally friendly, taking less time, being less expensive, being more stable, and, most significantly, not requiring the use of harmful chemicals.

Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of zinc oxide [ZnO] nanoparticles prepared using Abies webbiana extract.

Materials and Methods: In this study, ZnO nanoparticles were characterised using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and inhibition of albumin denaturation assay using A. webbiana extract.

Results: The biosynthesised ZnO particles exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity to inhibit COX activity. ZnO nanoparticles can be developed as a novel medicine and can be used as an alternative to commercially available anti-inflammatory agents, thus reducing the major health problems.

Conclusion: Using A.webbiana extract, the findings suggest a cost-effective and environmentally friendly production of ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO nanoparticles mediated by A. webbiana showed promising properties. More investigations are required to understand the properties of these nanoparticles, which have a wide range of medical and dental applications.