bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turistlerin Macera Turizmini Deneyimleme Motivasyonları, Memnuniyet Düzeyleri ve Tekrar Ziyaret Niyetleri: Kapadokya Destinasyonunda Bir Araştırma
Authors: Türk Erdem , Güneren Özdemir Ebru
Published: June 2021

Çalışmanın amacı Kapadokya Bölgesi’nde macera turizmi etkinliklerine katılan turistlerin demografik özelliklerinin, macera turizmine katılma motivasyonlarının, memnuniyet düzeylerinin ve tekrar ziyaret niyetlerinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmada alan araştırması modeli yöntemi kullanılmış olup, Nicel araştırma tekniği olan anket, veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Kapadokya Bölgesi’ni ziyaret eden 470 turist oluşturmuştur. Toplanan veriler SPSS 22.0 istatistiksel analiz programı ile analizlere tabi tutulmuş olup; turistlerin macera turizmini deneyimleme motivasyonlarından; en yükseğinin sakinlik arayışı olduğu; bunu takiben, kültürel birikim elde etme ve seyahat bütçesinin diğer motivasyon kaynakları olduğu saptanmıştır. Kişisel/sosyal gelişimin ise turistlerin en düşük motivasyon kaynağı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bölgeye gelen turistlerin genellikle bölgeden memnun kaldıkları, bölgeyi tekrar ziyaret niyetlerinin olduğu, ayrıca memnuniyet ve tekrar ziyaret arasında orta düzeyli anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Katılımcı turistlerin genel olarak Kapadokya Bölgesi’nden; bölgede gerçekleştirdikleri etkinliklerden ve geçirdikleri zamandan memnun kaldıkları; ayrıca memnuniyet düzeylerinin tekrar ziyaret eğilimlerini istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yordadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Perineal hernia repair using polypropylene mesh in three female Jaffarabadi buffaloes - a short communication
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, Kumar Vineet , Asodiya Foram A. , Vora Shruti D. , Singh Vivek K.
Published: June 2021

This study reports a rare unilateral perineal hernia in three mature female Jaffarabadi buffaloes. The buffaloes presented with a unilateral swelling lateral to the vulvar lip. Upon palpation, the swelling was painless, soft and reducible. Ultrasonography revealed a hyperechoic hernia sac containing the urinary bladder and or motile intestine, with homogenous hypoechoic contents. The perineal hernia was repaired using polypropylene mesh after the repositioning of the retroflexed urinary bladder and/or large intestine. The clinical outcome, including postoperative complications and hernia recurrence, was found via periodic examination and telephone calls. No complications were observed for 6 months of follow-up and all the buffaloes had excellent outcomes.
Genetic diversity within the 18S rRNA and actin locus of Cryptosporidium scrofarum (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) infecting domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) of India
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India, Sharma Devina , Singh Nirbhay K. , Singh Harkirat , Rath Shitanshu S. , Blake Damer P.
Published: June 2021

The genetic diversity was studied of Cryptosporidium scrofarum (syn Cryptosporidium pig genotype II) of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) from Punjab, India. Nested PCR amplification targeting the 18S rRNA and actin gene loci from Cryptosporidium positive samples was carried out, and the amplicons were sequenced. Phylogenetic comparison of a partial 18S rRNA gene revealed that they were genetically most similar to C. scrofarum isolated from other parts of the world. However, comparison of sequences representing a fragment of the genomic actin locus identified a new genotype conserved within the isolates sampled from India but distinct from other published sequences, suggesting the presence of a different Indian genotype.
Analysis of tourism services in the Czech-Polish part of the Euroregion Neisse
Authors: Dědková Jaroslava , Ungerman Otakar
Published: June 2021

The border areas are influenced by the cross-border visitation of tourists, which is usually of a short-term character. These are shopping, exploring natural attractions, commuting to work, visiting friends and relatives, attending cultural and social events, and transit transport. In the course of 2018-2019 a joint research of EF TUL and UE Wroclaw was carried out to determine the quality of tourism services in the Czech - Polish border area. The aim of the research was to find out how respondents perceive and evaluate the quality of services. Almost 1000 respondents on the Czech and Polish side evaluated transport services, accommodation services, sports and recreational services, catering services and the position of information centers. The paper presents the results of this research.
Walking backwards into the future: Prophecy as an approach for embedding Indigenous values in tertiary education
Authors: Rangiwai Byron
Published: June 2021

Indigenous peoples understand time differently to Pākehā (Rangiwai, 2021a). Mahuika (2010) maintains that the notion of walking backwards into the future is a common one for Māori and other people of the Pacific. Roberts (2005) opines, “It is often said that Māori are a people who “walk backwards into the future,” an aphorism that highlights the importance of seeking to understand the present and make informed decisions about the future through reference to the past” (p. 8).
Large-Scale Buildings of the Resort Establishments of the Soviet Period and their Present State in Jūrmala City, Latvia
Authors: Vērpe Baiba
Published: June 2021

The paper presents a summary of large-scale buildings of resort establishments of Soviet period in Jūrmala, by analysing their typology, physical parameters, scenarios of the development, architectural stylistic and the present state of physical condition and authentic substance. The research reveals that half of the large-scale resort buildings are already irreversibly lost and the rest of buildings are seriously endangered due to the tendency of extensive rebuilding.
Numerical Solution of Singularly Perturbed Two Parameter Problems using Exponential Splines
Authors: Padmaja P. , Aparna P. , Gorla Rama Subba Reddy , Pothanna N.
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we have studied a method based on exponential splines for numerical solution of singularly perturbed two parameter boundary value problems. The boundary value problem is solved on a Shishkin mesh by using exponential splines. Numerical results are tabulated for different values of the perturbation parameters. From the numerical results, it is found that the method approximates the exact solution very well.
Tourist Accommodation Establishments during the Pandemic – Consequences and Aid Report on a Survey among Polish Micro-enterprises Offering Accommodation Services
Authors: Dębski Maciej , Borkowska-Niszczota Małgorzata , Andrzejczyk Robert
Published: June 2021

Objective: The key objective of the article was to seek the answer to the question how the limitations of the first COVID-19-related lockdown affected small businesses offering accommodation services and how the businesses fared during the unlocking period. The side objective of the paper was to identify the actions undertaken in said businesses aimed at providing safety for the guests as well as to show the expectations such businesses had when it came to government aid.

Methodology: In order to meet the objectives and to verify the working hypothesis, empirical research using the diagnostic survey method was conducted at the end of 2020. The article provides the results of the pilot survey carried out on a selected group of microbusinesses providing accommodation services. The link to the questionnaire was sent to 1000 entities, of which 47 completed it correctly.

Findings: The tourist industry is among those affected most by the COVID-10 pandemic. The research revealed that during the first lockdown, the closure of accommodation businesses had a relatively strong impact on the subjects of the research. The situation remained similar during the first months of lifting of the restrictions. The summer brought a slight recovery albeit not as big as was expected. Nevertheless, strong premises were found which supported the hypothesis saying that such subjects – due to their size-dependent nature – fared relatively well in all three sub-periods. For the most part, such entities re-started their operations in spring. In many of them, the level of employment remained unchanged despite the significant drop in their incomes – mainly resulting from a lower number of foreign visitors and - to a lesser extent – from lower prices. The struggle for customers forced the subjects to introduce various solutions aimed at providing safety, which proved a considerable financial and organisational burden.

Value added: The research is one of the first attempts in Poland to measure the impact of lockdown on the functioning of accommodation businesses and one of the few focusing on microbusinesses. The findings show to what extent the lockdown affected the operations of the entities in question, how the lifting of restrictions changed the situation in the summer, and what actions were taken to minimize the risk of infection.

Recommendations: The findings show that the analysed entities are able to function in sanitary regime and that they support solutions which will allow them to offer their services in as safe a way as possible. On the other hand, they expect strong support from the state including subsidies or exemptions. It is to be expected that the need for this form of aid will grow even stronger after further lockdowns.
Wintering waterbird assemblage in an emerging wetland of West Bengal, India: characterization for conservation management
Authors: Chakraborty Anupam , Barman Himangshu , Saha Goutam K. , Aditya Gautam
Published: June 2021

Waterbirds constitute a prominent biota and reflect the ecosystem health and functionality of the freshwater wetlands. Documentation of the bird species assemblages of wetlands is therefore carried out as a part of monitoring of wetlands from a sustainability viewpoint. Using the emerging wetland of Purbasthali, West Bengal, India, as a model study area, the diversity of the associated bird species was estimated to supplement necessary information for conservation management of birds and ecosystems. The point count method was applied to count the waterbirds from each sighting location with a 25 m radius covering 360° arc and the counting period lasted 10 min for each site, and counts were made in the winter of 2016/2017. The data on the waterbirds encountered were recorded and subjected to diversity analysis, including the residential status, global population trend and feeding guilds. Apparently, the wetland was considered as suitable habitat for 27 waterbird species, which could be grouped under 24 genera, 10 families and 5 orders. Among these, the family Anatidae with maximum relative density and abundance dominated in the wetland. Out of the 27 recorded species, 5 species were widespread winter visitors, 3 species widespread resident, as well as, widespread winter visitors and 2 species were sparse local winter visitors. A globally near threatened species, the Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus) was very common in the sampling sites. The waterbird assemblage in the wetland was dominated by carnivores followed by omnivores and herbivores. The abundance of the waterbirds with considerable variations in the foraging guild reflects availability and exploitation of multiple resources of the Purbasthali wetlands. Prominence in the differences in relative abundance of the different waterbirds could be linked with the heterogeneity in the habitat quality. The present information on waterbird assemblage calls for appropriate measures for conservation of the species and appropriate management of Purbasthali wetlands.
Breeding biology of the Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola L.) in the Carpathian Basin
Authors: Bende Attila , László Richárd
Published: June 2021

Based on 356 observations of Woodcock nestings published in the Hungarian hunting and ornithological literature between 1846 and 2019, which also includes published and unpublished personal observations, it can be stated that the nesting dates of Woodcock in Hungary are scattered over a large interval. 47.3% of all nestings registered with exact dates (n=93) happen in April. The second peak of breeding in June does not stand out significantly. Based on the data of the clutches (n=65) reported with known number of eggs, as well as the clutches (n=14) – probably with full number of eggs – found in the Hungarian egg collections, the average number of eggs per clutch was 3.8. Based on the observational data of the Woodcock families (n=36) observed during the study period, the number of chicks per hen was 3.6, of which the hens were able to raise an average of 2.8 chicks up to a flying age.
The effect of Natura 2000 network on the Eurasian Eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) population in Southeast Bulgaria: implications for conservation
Authors: Milchev Boyan , Georgiev Valeri
Published: June 2021

The effectiveness and efficiency of the Natura 2000 network for the Eurasian Eagle-owl conservation in SE Bulgaria was assessed by comparing data collected during a long-term study on number of breeding pairs and fledglings before and after network establishment. The Natura 2000 network and non-protected areas showed similar values of the calculated indices according to the number of occupied localities. However, the pairs in Natura 2000 sites bred significantly less fledglings after the creation of the network than the pairs in non-protected ones. The Special Protection Areas (SPA) system created specifically for the preservation of birds has the lowest efficiency in respect to Eurasian Eagle-owl protection. Proposals were made after ‘gap analysis’ for real protection and optimization of the protected-area network to increase the stability of the Eurasian Eagle-owl population in the changing environment.
A Priori Spatial Segmentation of Commercial Property Market using Hedonic Price Modelling
Authors: Usman Hamza , Lizam Mohd , Burhan Burhaida
Published: June 2021

The improvement of property price modelling accuracy using property market segmentation approaches is well documented in the housing market. However, that cannot be said of the commercial property market which is adjudged to be volatile, heterogeneous and thinly traded. This study, therefore, determines if the commercial property market in Malaysia is spatially segmented into submarkets and whether accounting for the submarkets improves the accuracy of price modelling. Using a 11,460 shop-offices transaction dataset, the commercial property submarkets are delineated by using submarket binary dummies in the market-wide model and estimating a separate hedonic model for each submarket. The former method improves the model fit and reduces error by 5.6% and 6.5% respectively. The commercial property submarkets are better delineated by estimating a separate hedonic model for each submarket as it improves the model fit by about 7% and reduces models’ error by more than 10%. This study concludes that the Malaysian commercial property market is spatially segmented into submarkets. Modelling the submarkets improves the accuracy and correctness of price modelling.
Identifying the Main Determinants of Part-Time Employment in EU Countries
Authors: Miežienė Rasa , Krutulienė Sandra , Gruževskis Boguslavas
Published: June 2021

The article analyses the prevalence of part-time employment in different EU countries with a focus on the factors affecting the rate of part-time employment across the EU. Based on the literature review, a distinction is made between three groups of factors that are relevant for the rate of part-time employment, in particular, cyclical factors, political and institutional factors, and structural factors. The article analyses how these factors influence part-time employment rates in EU countries. The linear regression analysis based on EU-28 macroeconomic data for the period of 2007-2018 has shown that all three groups of determinants (i.e. cyclical, political and institutional as well as structural factors) affect the rate of part-time employment in the EU-28. Part-time employment is a complex phenomenon which depends on a number of factors. However, the regression analysis has found that the following political and institutional as well as structural independent variables are also significant predictors of part-time employment rates in EU Member States (EU-28): average annual wages, the tax rate on low wage earners, expenditures on children and family benefits as a percentage of gross domestic product, trade union density, and the activity rate of people aged 15-24 and 55-64. Cyclical factors (the unemployment rate in Model (1) and real GDP per capita in Model (2)) have also been found to have a significant effect on part-time employment in EU-28 countries.
The Occurrence of the Preconditions for Social Exclusion in the Czech Republic: A Basis for the Planning of Social Prevention Services
Authors: Kovářová Eva , Vavrek Roman
Published: June 2021

Persisting social exclusion is one of the key issues the European Union Member States have to handle according to the headline targets of the Europe 2020 strategy. In the Czech Republic, more than 1 million people – 12.5% of the whole population – lived in the year 2019 at risk of poverty or social exclusion. Between the years 2010 and 2019, the monetary poverty rate oscillated around 10%. Although these are one of the lowest rates among the EU Member States, reduction and elimination of social exclusion has still been a challenge for the Czech policy-makers due to the relatively constant rates of monetary poverty, as low incomes are generally recognized as one of the causes of social exclusion. The aim of the paper is to identify the occurrence of the preconditions for social exclusion in the Czech districts revealed in the inter-district comparison that is based on the multi-criterial evaluation of the socio-economic situation in these districts. Such evaluation can serve as a basis for the planning of social prevention services, which are regarded as the means of prevention and reduction of social exclusion. Our findings obtained with the use of the Multi-Criteria Decision Making technique reveal that the occurrence of the preconditions for social exclusion varies among LAU1 districts of the Czech Republic and that districts lying in two NUT3 regions are affected more than others. Individuals living there are more likely to be socially excluded, especially if this higher probability derived from the districts’ socio-economic situation is accompanied with their individual poor skills, health, or family breakdown.
Límites al control de convencionalidad difuso
Authors: Rodríguez Castañeda Roberto , Tinoco Smith Tiffanny
Published: June 2021

El presente estudio nace de la necesidad de delimitar y clasificar correctamente lo que se entiende por control de convencionalidad difuso y cuándo debe aplicarse. Al respecto, y luego de repasar los antecedentes de esta figura y su diferencia con el control convencional concentrado, se identifican tres límites. El primero de ellos alude a los instrumentos sobre los cuales se puede ejercer un control de convencionalidad, así como a la diferencia entre este y el control de estándar internacional, que, por exclusión, será el que se realice respecto a instrumentos internacionales que no son aplicables en el ejercicio del control de convencionalidad. En segundo término se delimita el control convencional en tanto que su aplicación implica siempre la confrontación de una norma de derecho interno y una norma de derecho internacional, dejando fuera de este la mera aplicación de los tratados sin que exista una confrontación normativa; tampoco se considera control de convencionalidad al estudio de dos normas que otorgan distintos derechos —mayor protección de un derecho humano o menor restricción al mismo—, pues en estos casos se está aplicando el principio pro persona. Por último, se alude a las competencias que debe tener una autoridad para poder aplicar un control constitucional en sede interna a fin de poder aplicar el control convencional.
A theoretical approach to neuroscience technologies’ contributions to administration in the digital transformation context
Authors: Varón Sandoval Alexander , Zapata Castillo Lizeth Carolina
Published: June 2021

This paper intends to make an approximation to the contributions of neuroscience technologies to administration in a digital transformation context, which will be done through a bibliographic search and document analysis based on a review of databases and the collection of those sources considered most relevant to the topic at hand concerning some of the most critical dimensions in this area, such as human resources, leadership, decision-making, and digital business ecosystems. Likewise, it seeks to make a theoretical reflection on the use of neurosciences as a management tool of relevance to organizations. Among the main findings is that applying neuroscience techniques and the traditional ones can improve critical processes within organizations.
Hydrodynamic Simulation of Flood Due to Hypothetical Momentary Mosul Dam Failure
Authors: Al-Taiee Thair , Mustafa Mustafa
Published: June 2021

f Engineering Sciences Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences Hydrodynamic Simulation of Flood
Due to Hypothetical Momentary
Mosul Dam Failure
A B S T R A C T
Flood wave simulation due to hypothetical momentary failure of Mosul Dam was
carried out by applying the (IBER) hydrodynamic model for the dam storage
scenarios (300, 310, 320, 330 and 335) meter above sea level after testing the
validity and calibration the model to identify areas that will be inundated between
dam site and south Mosul City. Flood waves simulation maps representing borders,
water levels and depths were drawn. The inundated areas for between dam site and
north Mosul city were determined for the mentioned storage scenarios are (69.14,
114.76, 158.2, 202.5 and 245.6) km2
respectively.
The minimum and maximum percentage of the inundated area within Mosul City
was also calculated to be (25.6-54.6) % respectively out of the total city area. The
maximum flood wave discharges at the failed dam breach and at Mosul City due
to the worst dam storage scenario (335) m a.s.l are (781132 and 337138) m3
/s
respectively. While the elapsed travel time for maximum discharge reaching Mosul
City is (4.18) hours from the initiation of dam failure. The maximum flood depth
within Mosul City is (36.7) m occurred after (4.68) hours.
Finally, the routing percentage occurred in the maximum flooding discharge
(attenuation) between dam site and Mosul City for storage scenario (335) meters is
56.8% while the lag time was (4.03) hours.
Effect of Steel shot peening Time on some Mechanical Properties of Friction stir Welds for Aluminum Alloy (2024 - T3)
Authors: Mahmoud Al-Bash Adel , Raad Shihab Ghazwan
Published: June 2021

The aim of this work is to study the effect of the time of shot peening 3mm diameter steel balls on the mechanical properties of (2024 - T3) aluminum alloy butt welds. The welds were joined using Friction stir welding method. Mechanical tests) Tensile strength, hardness, fatigue strength (were performed on welded joints to determine the variation of these properties. The experimental results of SP time, 5 and 10 minutes give an improvement in mechanical properties. It was found that the longer the time of shot peening the mechanical properties are increased to a certain extent than the effect begins whereas when shot peening time at 15 min the mechanical properties decrease due to the concentration of stresses and surface annealing. Results show that the best mechanical properties of the welded zone were obtained at 10 minutes shot time due to the high compressive stresses generated by shot peening.
Effect of Low-Density Polyethylene on the Stripping Properties under Fatigue Loading of Binder Layer of HMA Mixtures
Authors: Kareem Ibraheem Tarik , A.M.AL- Taei Abdulkhalik
Published: June 2021

The most important problems in the Iraqi Road network that’s associated with repetitions of excessive axel traffic loading. This problem will be increased with availability of moisture, its guide to moisture damage or stripping in hot mix asphalt. In this study, it is used the low-density polyethylene polymer (LDPE). It's cheap, and available as local material (particles) in Baghdad   Plastic   Factories or bags of soft plastic waste, therefore; it's based by searching about the active range of developing asphalt upon moisture damage, and searching about admixture optimum polymer ratio to be added to asphalt to increase stripping resistance. The local materials were used as AL-Daurah Refinery asphalt that have penetration (40-50) or, (PG64-16) and nominal aggregate (19) mm from AL-Nibaie Quarry that’s used in binder asphalt pavement. Prepared five percentage of polymer (1%,2%,3%,4%,5%) was added to optimum designed asphalt of (4.8%) by weight and then results were compared with   original asphalt and studying the mechanical, and physical properties of asphalt mix. The better polymer percentage found as (3%) for developing the specification of resistance stripping and this characteristic developed to ratio (33.1%) at temperature (25  ), and (26.7%) at (60  ).
Migration Dynamics and the Making of New Diasporic Language and Cultural Communities in South Africa, 2000–2020: An Entrepreneurial Perspective
Authors: Magocha Medicine , Rammala Johannes Ratsikana
Published: June 2021

Migration, enterprise and the related language and culture dynamics are critical to South Africa and Zimbabwe. In the past, some scholars were of the view that the language and cultural communities created by migration pose a threat, and others argued that they are advantageous. This article presents a single-factor analytical approach to issues, which suggests that co-existing modalities should be worked out for the host citizens to accept the migrants without reservations. This acceptance is imperative as its negation results in some contexts to the flaring of ugly xenophobic manifestations. The argument presented in this article is pertinent to African languages and education, the African Union, the United Nations, civic, humanitarian organisations, respective governments, interested stakeholders and language communities, amongst others. It provides insight on how to manage cultures and morals among migrants of diverse categories. The article used a mixed research methodology. It reviews ideas on migration globally and in Africa in particular, analysing how migration contributes towards emerging language and cultural societies or communities. A sample of 100 respondents was used for this study. The paper suggests that there should be unity, deregulation and liberalisation of movement of people across the continent for trade and skills-sharing to improve sustainability. The article intends to guide African leaders to co-exist and to encourage fair competition for continental expansion, poverty alleviation and development of positive international language policies. It is one of the recent attempts to expound on the existing perspectives on migration dynamics and the formation of viable diasporic language communities in Africa and highlight their contribution towards ubuntu.
Retrospective analysis of hospital morbidity with uveitis
Authors:   International Center for Eye Diseases under the Directorate of International Medical Centers, Amansakhatov S.A. , Yalkabova A.P. ,   Multidisciplinary hospital of Akhal velayat, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
Published: June 2021

Purpose. To study the structure of hospital incidence of uveitis on the basis of a retrospective analysis of case histories of the International Center for Eye Diseases. Material and мethods. A retrospective analysis of the case histories of 896 patients with various forms of uveitis for 10 years (from 2011 to 2020) was carried out. Standard ophthalmological examination: visiometry, refractometry, tonometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy,USB, OCT. Laboratory examination: general blood and urine analysis, biochemical and immunological blood tests. Results. The hospital incidence of uveitis was 6.5% with a slight predominance of females (53.3%) and a predominance of people living in rural areas (62.4%). Clinically and anatomically, the most common in the age groups from 31 to 60 years was the most common anterior uveitis 39.4% (n=353), followed by posterior uveitis in frequency – 38.3% (n=343), average uveitis – 7.9% (n=71) and panuveitis 2.2% (n=20). Unilateral lesion in 68.9% of patients. The etiological factor was established in 29.3% of patients, of which the largest group was infectious uveitis – 20.6% of cases. Most often, herpesvirus and cytomegalovirus were infectious agents (91.4%). Conclusion. The results of the study showed the need for expanding diagnostic methods, correcting the treatment strategy and tactics of managing this category of patients. Key words: uveitis, clinical features, morbidity.
Perspectives of topical use of dopaminergic system regulators as ocular hypotensive agents
Authors:   Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Lisovskaya O.A. , Pavlenko T.A. ,   Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Kukharsky M.S. ,   Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences,   N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Beznos O.V. ,   Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Chesnokova N.B. ,   Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases
Published: June 2021

Dopaminergic system takes part in regulation of intraocular pressure (IOP) and other elements of the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Development of new drugs for the glaucoma treatment remains an actual problem in modern ophthalmology. Purpose. To estimate the perspective of topical use of dopaminergic system regulators as ocular hypotensive agents. Matherials and methods. The investigation was carried out on healthy Shinshilla rabbits and knock-out mice with γ-sinuclein gene deletion (γ-KO) that served for a model of ocular hypertension. IOP was measured before 10% dopamine instillation and every 30 minutes after it for 2 hours totally. Results. Single instillation of 10% dopamine caused a mean IOP decrease of 4-5 mm Hg after 1,5-2 hours. In γ-KO mice IOP decreased significantly on 5-6 mm Hg after 30 min and remained lower than the initial level for 2 hours. Conclusion. Single instillation of 10% dopamine cause a statistically significant decrease of IOP in healthy rabbits and γ-KO mice that initially have ocular hypertension. The ability of dopamine and D2 receptor agonists to decrease IOP denote the prospectivity of their use for the therapy of glaucoma. Key words: glaucoma, intraocular pressure, dopaminergic system, dopamine, γ-sinuclein knock-out mice.
Features of the development of dry eye syndrome with gout
Authors:   Russian State University of Peoples' Friendship Medical Institute of FSAEIO HE, Odinaeva K.N. , Alkhateeb N.S. ,   Russian State University of Peoples' Friendship Medical Institute of FSAEIO HE, Frolov M.A. ,   Russian State University of Peoples' Friendship Medical Institute of FSAEIO HE
Published: June 2021

Purpose. To determine and study the features of the development of dry eye syndrome in gout, depending on urate-lowering therapy, the duration of the gout disease and the concentration of uric acid in the tear. Materials and methods. The study involved 149 male patients (261 eyes) aged 35 to 75 years (mean age 60.63 ± 11.00 years). Among them, 110 people (202 eyes) with an established diagnosis: «Cataract with concomitant gout disease» and 39 people (59 eyes) with cataracts without clinical and laboratory signs of gout. All patients underwent both standard ophthalmological examinations and special ones. The concentration of uric acid in tears was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The diagnosis of gout was confirmed according to the criteria recommended by ACR / EULAR (2016). Results. In patients with gout who do not take a urate-lowering drug, DES occurs more often (82.1%) than in patients without gout (23.1%). With an increase in the concentration of uric acid in the tear, there is a high tendency to a shortening of the tear film rupture time (strong correlation coefficient r=-0.51, p<0.001) and to a decrease in tear production (Schirmer I test) (strong correlation coefficient r=-0.59, p<0.001). Conclusions. The data obtained indicate clear changes in the functional parameters of total tear production (Schirmer I's test) and the stability of the pre-corneal tear film (Norn's test) in patients with gout. This can be considered as a fact of the predisposition of this category of patients to the development of DES. A strong dependence of changes in tear production and HRVP on the concentration of uric acid in the tear was established. There is an obvious need for additional examination of this category of patients and an adequate choice of therapy, as well as the timely appointment of «artificial tear» drugs. Key words: dry eye syndrome, uric acid, gout.
A new approach to the treatment of dry eye syndrome against the background of chronic peripheral uveitis
Authors:   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Tatarnikova E.B. , Krivosheina O.I. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

Aim. To study the clinical and functional effectiveness of a complex method of treatment of dry eye syndrome against the background of chronic peripheral uveitis, including local tear-replacement and anti-inflammatory therapy in combination with laser retinal coagulation on the extreme periphery of the fundus. Materials and methods. The study was performed among 98 patients who made up 2 follow-up groups: the main group (78 people) and the comparison group (20 people). All patients underwent OSDI questionnaires, visometry, pneumotonometry, biomicroscopy of the anterior segment of both eyes, binocular ophthalmoscopy with sclerocompression, and the Schirmer I test. In the main group, along with conservative treatment, laser coagulation of the extreme periphery of the retina was performed, in the comparison group - conservative treatment. The follow-up period was 3 months. Results and discussion. The use of a complex method of treatment of «dry eye» syndrome against the background of chronic peripheral uveitis significantly reduces the number of complaints according to the OSDI questionnaire, improves the condition of the eye surface (reducing the overhang of the conjunctival fold, the severity of «sluggish» hyperemia of the conjunctiva of the eyelids and transitional folds, reducing the amount of conjunctival discharge). The indicator of total tear production in the main group after 3 months. it increases by 1,5 times in comparison with the initial data, and in 100% of cases, stable relief of inflammation of the chorioretinal structures on the extreme periphery of the fundus is provided. Conclusion. A new effective method for the treatment of dry eye syndrome against the background of chronic peripheral uveitis, including local tear-replacement and anti-inflammatory therapy in combination with laser retinal coagulation on the extreme periphery of the fundus, has been developed and introduced into clinical practice. The use of this method provides stable clinical and functional results in the long-term period and can be recommended for the treatment of «dry eye» syndrome of mild to moderate severity against the background of chronic peripheral uveitis. Key words: dry eye syndrome, chronic peripheral uveitis, laser coagulation of the extreme periphery of the retina.
Corneal topographic ring vs zone in trifocal IOL calculation
Authors:   North-Western State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnicov, Saint-Petersburg, Loginova A.D. , Shukhaev S.V. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Saint-Petersburg branch, Kudlakhmedov S.S. ,   North-Western State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnicov, Saint-Petersburg, Boiko E.V. ,   North-Western State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnicov, Saint-Petersburg,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Saint-Petersburg branch
Published: June 2021

Purpose. To compare the results of trifocal IOL calculation using various corneal topographic data (ring and zone). Methods. This retrospective study involved 35 patients (40 eyes), underwent cataract surgery (FLACS) with trifocal IOL implantation (AcrySof IQ PanOptix). The calculation was performed using IOL-Master 500 according to 4 formulas (Haigis, HofferQ, Holladay 1, SRK / T) and Tomey OA-2000 according to 2 formulas (Barrett II Universal, Olsen). Topographic values included Km collected from Pentacam HR Power Distribution Apex map with diameter of 3.0 and 5.0 mm on a ring and zone. Predicted and actual refraction were compared after surgery. Results. Mean Km value on 3 mm zone and ring was: 42.75±1,46 D and 42.91±1.43 D, respectively (p<0.0001). Mean Km value on 5 mm zone and ring was: 43.09±1.5 D and 43.55±1.48 D, respectively (p<0.0001). According to 6 formulas Mean Absolute Error (MAE) calculated using 3 mm zone data was significantly less then on 3mm ring: 0.3± 0.28; 0.48±0.3 and Median Absolute Error (MedAE) was 0.225 (0.3); 0.465 (0.397) respectively (p<0.01). The same data were obtained on 5mm zone and ring: MAE was 0.29±0.28; 0.35±0.29 and MedAE amounted to 0.225 (0.3); 0.29 (0.38) respectively (p=0.02). Conclusion. Mean Km value on Power Distribution Apex map according to ring is significantly greater then according to zone. 1) Predicted refraction using corneal topographic ring data deviates towards hyperopia relative to the actual postoperative refraction. 2) The use of topographic data on zone allows to obtain more accurate calculation of trifocal IOL than when using the data on the ring. Key words: IOL calculation, Trifocal IOL, corneal topography.
Contrast sensitivity evaluation following mono- and bifocal IOL implantation
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Tambov, Nenasheva Y.V.
Published: June 2021

Purpose. To perform a comparative analysis of contrast sensitivity and glare sensitivity in patients implanted with mono- and bifocal IOLs. Material and methods. 60 patients (60 eyes) were examined: 30 cataract patients who underwent cataract phacoemulsification with bifocal IOL Lentis Comfort implantation; and 30 cataract patients who underwent cataract phacoemulsification with monofocal IOL Acrysof IQ implantation. In the post-operative period the examination of twilight vision and bright light sensitivity was carried out using a Binoptometer 4P visual function analyzer. Results. In patient of group I without flare with a contrast 1:23, the threshold value was achieved in 97.4% of patients, with a contrast 1:5 – in 87.6%; with a contrast 1:2.7 – in 49.2%; with a contrast 1:2 – in 38.3%; with flare and contrast 1:23 – in 90.3%; with flare and contrast 1:5 – in 84.8%; with flare and contrast 1:2.7 – in 41.2%; with flare and contrast 1:2 – in 22.8%. In patients of group II: without flare and with contrast 1:23 – in 98.6%; with a contrast 1:5 – in 90.1%; with a contrast 1:1.27 – in 61.9%, with a contrast – 1:2 – 44.5%; with flare and contrast 1:23 – in 95.6%; with flare and contrast 1:5 – in 86.9%; with flare and contrast 1:2.7 – in 48.7%; with flare and contrast 1:2 – in 40.5% Conclusions. In mesopic conditions IOL Acrysof IQ provides higher visual acuity in low contrast conditions with a slight decrease under flare conditions in comparison with IOL Lentis Comfort. Key words: contrast sensitivity, cataract phacoemulsification, bifocal IOL.
Study of the prevalence and the structural features of pseudoexfoliative glaucoma
Authors:   The Novosibirsk branch of S.N. Fedorov' NMRC «MNTK «Eye Microsurgery» of Minzdrav of Russia, Тashlykova Е.А. , Lazareva А.K. ,   The Novosibirsk branch of S.N. Fedorov' NMRC «MNTK «Eye Microsurgery» of Minzdrav of Russia,   Novosibirsk Medical State University of Minzdrav of Russia
Published: June 2021

Purpose. To analyze the prevalence of pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEG) and to determine the structural markers of impaired intraocular fluid outflow (IOF) in the sclera. Materials and methods. There were analyzed the case histories of 7603 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), including pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEG), aged 50 to 86 years, who applied to The Novosibirsk branch of S.N. Fedorov' NMRC «MNTK «Eye Microsurgery» of Minzdrav of Russia from 2011 to 2016. In 43 patients with PEG (43 eyes, average age 67±17 years), who were first treated with surgical treatment (non-penetrating deep sclerectomy and those who agreed to participate in the scientific study, a comprehensive histological analysis of the scleral flaps was performed. Results. PEG was diagnosed in 3981 cases (60.8%). The predominance of advanced stages – moderate and advanced-is due to the referral of patients for consultation and surgical treatment in a highly specialized institution. In the majority of patients, the histological examination of scleral flaps revealed markers of an increased risk of fibrosis of the artificial transcleral outflow pathways of the IOF: an increase in the number and biosynthetic activity of matrix-producing cells. Conclusions. PEG occupies a leading position in the structure of POAG among patients of The Novosibirsk branch of S.N. Fedorov' NMRC «MNTK «Eye Microsurgery». Histological examination of the scleral flaps of patients with PEG revealed markers of an increased risk of fibrosis of the artificial transcleral outflow pathways of the IOF. Key words: pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, fibrosis, NSE.
Comparative analysis of age-related degeneration risk factors among young people from northern and southern regions
Authors:   FGBOU VO «North-West State Medical University I.I. Mechnikov», Saint Petersburg, Khokkanen V.M. , Kuanyshbayeva B.K. ,   FGBOU VO «North-West State Medical University I.I. Mechnikov», Saint Petersburg, Zhanzakov M.N. ,   FGBOU VO «North-West State Medical University I.I. Mechnikov», Saint Petersburg, Amirashov A.B. ,   FGBOU VO «North-West State Medical University I.I. Mechnikov», Saint Petersburg, Akhmetzhanova D. М. ,   AO «Astana Medical University», Nur-Sultan
Published: June 2021

Purpose. To analyse and compare the main risk factors for macular degeneration among young people from northern and southern regions. Material and methods. The survey involved 120 students from North - West State Medical University I.I. Mechnikov and 132 from Astana Medical University, divided into 3 groups aged 17 to 25 years. For analysis, we used the «Screening Questionnaire for Determining the Risk of Age-related Macular Degeneration». Results and discussions. The study revealed the most common risk factors among young people, such as smoking, in particular, among people with hereditary predisposition and with a light color of the iris. Also, the study compares the prevalence of risk factors in northern and southern regions. Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, we should pay attention to the prevention of smoking among young people, to reduce the time spent on the computer, to inform about the need to use polarizing glasses. Key words: age-related macular degeneration, risk factors, young age, heredity, smoking, iris colour.
Long-term results of combined surgical treatment of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma in combination with complicated cataract
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Orenburg branch, Kuvaitseva Y.S.
Published: June 2021

Purpose. To improve the effectiveness of surgical treatment of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma in combination with complicated cataract in the long-term period. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the cards of 64 patients (64 eyes) with 1-3 stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in combination with complicated cataract, who applied to the Orenburg branch of The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution and underwent combined surgical treatment in the form of microinvasive non-penetrating deep sclerectomy with simultaneous implementation of cataract phacoemulsification. We analyzed the results of combined surgical treatment of this group of patients 1, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Results. The obtained results indicate the stabilization of intraocular pressure in 60.9% of cases. However, in 26.5% of cases in patients with POAG of stage 3, it was necessary to prescribe a combination of antiglaucoma drugs. The total field of view in these patients remained unchanged, however, according to OCT-angio and computed perimetry, they had a negative trend. Conclusion. Combined surgical treatment of microinvasive non-penetrating deep sclerectomy with simultaneous implementation of cataract phacoemulsification followed by implantation of a posterior chamber IOL is an effective method of treating patients with glaucoma and cataract, while both the hypotensive and optical effect persists one year after the operation. Key words: open-angle glaucoma, cataract, dry eye syndrome, unstabilized glaucoma.
Micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in glaucoma treatment. Preliminary results
Authors:   International Center for Ophtalmology, Kukleva O.Y. , Zhukov K.P. ,   International Center for Ophtalmology, Drakon A.K. ,   International Center for Ophtalmology, Dement'ev D.D. ,   International Center for Ophtalmology
Published: June 2021

Objective. To evaluate the preliminary results after micropulse cyclophotocoagulation in patients with primary open-angle refractory glaucoma (POAG) and neovascular glaucoma. Methods. Retrospective study of adult patients with glaucoma, with at least 6 months follow-up after the only one session of micropulse laser therapy. The study included 16 patients, 17 eyes with refractory primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and neovascular glaucoma. Follow up period was 6 months. The same surgical technique was used in all cases. The wavelength of the laser beam was 810 nm, the total exposure was 160 s, the energy was 2000 mJ, 31,3% of active cycle, the pulse duration was 0.5 ms, the period was 1.1 ms. Results. The average decrease in IOP was 26.6%. No complications identified Conclusions: micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation has been shown to be safe and effective in lowering IOP in patients with refractory glaucoma. However, further study of this method is required. Key words: micrоpulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, glaucoma, intraocular pressure.
Start of the Road: Views on Interprofessional Education among Faculty of a Medical School in Turkey
Authors: BAŞER KOLCU Mukadder İnci , KARABİLGİN ÖZTÜRKÇÜ Özlem Sürel
Published: June 2021

Aim: Interprofessional Education (IPE) has been emphasized as an important pedagogical strategy for improving collaboration and the quality of care. Before implementing this strategy to curriculum with a program it is important to determine the views of the instructors about the program, for its initiation, sustainability and success. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the opinions of faculty members in the Süleyman Demirel University School of Medicine (SDUSM) about IPE.Methods: This descriptive study used qualitative data obtained with the semi-structure interview method. Out of 185 faculty members, 38 of them attended an informative meeting about IPE. The sample group was established by random selection who volunteered to participate, interviews continued t ill the data saturation is observed (n=14). The recordings of the interview were transcribed and content analyses of the qualitative data were carried out by four experts. MAXQDA software (version 12) was used in content analysis for thematic coding and determining frequency distributions.2 Results: The faculty members discussed the feasibility of IPE programs, models of the educational program, the positive aspects and barriers of implementing IPE and its potential contribution to the medical profession. Faculty members mentioned several barriers related to the implementation of IPE. Also, they stated that the IPE approach would facilitate adaptation to professional life and possibly help produce well-equipped and self-confident doctors with strong communication, empathy, and team working skills.Conclusions: In line with these opinions, IPE can be considered as an educational method that can be implemented in SDUSM.