bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Manifestations in Pregnant Women and Congenital Abnormalities in Fetus and Newborns during a Zika Transmission Period in South Mexico
Authors: Pavía-Ruz Norma , Noemí Contreras-Capetillo Silvina , Romer Yamila , Valadez Gonzalez Nina , Gómez-Dantés Hector , Vázquez-Prokopec Gonzalo , Manrique-Saide Pablo
Published: March 2020

Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika are arboviruses transmitted by Ae. aegypti with significant public health impact. In the first trimester of 2015, autochthonous Zika transmission was reported in Mexico. The state of Yucatan is an endemic region where pregnant women with acute infection and related congenital abnormalities in fetus and newborns were observed. We describe results from a cohort of pregnant women and their babies followed up in Yucatan during the first Zika transmission outbreak (2016–2018). Clinical manifestations of acute ZIKV infection, persistence of viral RNA in pregnant women, as well as congenital abnormalities were observed. In addition, we describe the phenotype of newborns from confirmed or suspected ZIKV prenatal infection.
Adenomyosis
Authors: Zheng Wei , Deng Boya
Published: March 2020

Adenomyosis is a benign uterus disease in which the invasion of the endometrial glands and/or stroma within myometrium is found and usually appears between the ages of 40 and 50 years in women. There are several differences in their pathogenesis. The secondary dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia are the common symptoms. Ultrasound sonography, MRI, CA125, and histological examination can be helpful for the diagnosis of adenomyosis. The treatment of adenomyosis depends on the patient’s age, symptoms, and desire for future fertility, including medical treatment and surgical treatment.
Urological Effects of Ketamine Abuse
Authors: Shung-Lai Leung John , Ma Wai-Kit
Published: March 2020

Emerging evidence has shown that long-term and chronic ketamine use or abuse can lead to damages in the urinary tract, a spectrum of clinical presentations from mild irritative lower tract symptoms to painful gross haematuria and renal damages. First reported by a Hong Kong group of urologists in 2007, the phenomenon has since then been identified worldwide. Most of the ketamine abusers were adolescents and young adults, and the symptomatology resembled those of chemical cystitis or interstitial cystitis. Endoscopic features of ulcerative cystitis, radiological features of thickened and contracted bladder wall with or without obstruction to upper urinary tract, and histopathological features of inflammation and fibrosis and urothelial metaplasia changes were described. With increasing clinical experience in managing this group of patients, clinical pathways and medical and surgical treatment options have been developed. Animal studies on the effects of ketamine exposure on the urinary system have also been conducted to help us understand the underlying pathophysiology for this distinct entity.
Bir Diyabet Kampı: Öncesi ve Sonrası?
Authors: KARDAŞ Burcu , KARDAŞ Ömer , DÜNDAR Münevver , DEMİRAL Meliha , ÖZBEK Mehmet Nuri
Published: March 2020

Giriş: Çalışmamızın amacı, pediatrik endokrinoloji kliniğinde takip edilen Tip 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) tanılı çocuk ve ergenlerde, diyabet kampının; HbA1c, vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) ölçümlerine, anksiyete ve depresyon puanlarına ve yaşam kalitesi değişimlerine etkisini incelemektir. Olgular kampa gitmeden ve kampa katıldıktan 6 ay sonra değerlendirilmiştir.

Yöntemler: Çalışmamızda 2018 yılında, 29 Temmuz-7 Ağustos tarihleri arasında İznik’te gerçekleştirilen kampta, Diyarbakır’dan katılan olgular değerlendirilmiştir. Arkadaşım Diyabet Kampı’na katılan 17 olgunun HbA1c düzeyleri, VKİ, çocuklar için depresyon ölçeği (ÇDÖ), Çocuklarda Anksiyete Tarama Ölçeği (ÇATÖ) ve Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği (çocuklar ve ergenler için) puanları kampa katılmadan önce ve kampa katıldıktan 6 ay sonra değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 17 olgu pediatrik endokrinoloji kliniğinde takipli 720 hastanın arasında daha önce kampa katılmamış ve ailesi kampa katılmasını kabul eden tip 1 DM’li olgulardan seçilmiştir. Grubun yaş ortalaması 13,1(min:10-maks:17,5),tanı alma yaşı ortalaması 7,6 (min:1-maks:15) olarak saptanmıştır. HbA1c düzeyleri, VKİ ve ölçek puanları değerlendirildiğinde kamp öncesi ve sonrası anlamlı fark bulunamamıştır. Ancak 6. ayda ölçülen HbA1c düzeyleri ile depresyon ve anksiyete puanları ile pozitif, yaşam kalitesi puanları ile negatif yönde bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Bu ilişkinin anlamlı olduğu saptanmıştır (p
Santral Sinir Sistemi Tümörlerinin Histopatolojik Dağılımı ve İnsidansı: Tek Merkezin 10 yıllık Retrospektif Analizi
Authors: ÇETİN Nesibe Kahraman
Published: March 2020

Amaç: Yetişkinlerde Santral Sinir Sistemi (SSS) tümörlerinin insidansı düşük olmasına rağmen, geçen zaman içerisinde tüm dünyada artmaktadır. SSS tümörleri yüksek morbidite ve mortalite oranlarına sahip olup, histolojik tiplerin sıklığı, cinsiyet tercihleri, anatomik lokalizasyonları tüm dünyada farklıdır. Türkiye’de SSS tümörlerinin epidemiyolojisi üzerine birkaç sınırlı çalışma bulunmakta olup, bölgemize ait verileri sunan bir çalışma yoktur. Çalışmanın amacı, Aydın ve çevresi popülasyonda SSS tümörlerinin dağılımını göstermek ve literatür verileriyle karşılatırmaktır.

Yöntemler: Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıbbi Patoloji Laboratuvarında 2008-2017 yılları arasında tanı alan, primer-metastatik intrakranial tümörleri kapsayan 266 olgu arşivden taranarak çalışmaya alındı. Olguların yaş, cinsiyet, anatomik lokalizasyon, tümör kaynakları, histolojik tipleri ve grade’e göre gruplandırmaları yapıldı.

Bulgular: Erkeklerde kadınlara göre yaş ortalamasının daha büyük olması (p=0.001), kadınlarda 40’lı, erkeklerde 60’lı yaşlarda sıklık (p=0,001), kadınlarda meningiomların, erkeklerde metastatik tümörlerin daha yüksek oranda görülmesi (p=0,002), tümör lateralitesinde sağ tarafta sıklık (p=0,001) anlamlıydı. Primer tümörler en sık frontal lobda, metastatik tümörler en sık serebellumda görüldü (p=0.001).

Sonuç: Bu çalışmada primer SSS tümörlerinin cinsiyet, anatomik lokalizasyon, grade dağılımlarının literatür ile uyumlu olduğu, tümörlerin Amerika popülasyonu ile benzer, Asya ve Avrupa popülasyonuna göre daha ileri yaşta görüldüğü saptanmıştır. SSS tümör grupları ve histolojik tiplerin dağılımında ise Asya ve Avrupa verilerine daha yakın sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Tümör lateralitesinin literatürden farklı olarak sağda daha sık olduğu görülmüştür. Metastatik tümörlerin en sık tuttuğu lokalizasyonun serebellum olması ve erkeklerde daha sık olması literatürden farklı elde ettiğimiz sonuçlardır. Bu çalışma, Aydın ve çevresi SSS tümörlerinin epidemiyolojik özelliklerini ve uluslararası serilere kıyasla nasıl dağılım gösterdiğini anlamaya yardımcı olmaktadır.
The Use of Bloss Curve in The Exit Lanes of Road Intersections
Authors: Ciampa Donato , Olita Saverio
Published: March 2020

The paper proposes the use of the Bloss curve (also known as biparametric or bi-hyperclothoid) as a braking curve in the exit lanes of road intersections. The main international standards continue using the clohoid as the principal transitional geometric element, even though the limits of its use in driving regimes with non-uniform speeds are known. The proposal to use the Bloss curve is aimed at overcoming these limitations and opening a debate on the possible need to codify, even in the international standards, the use of more suitable alternative braking curves. In this context, a kinematic study was conducted by comparing the main parameters of the motion (lateral jerk, lateral acceleration, steering speed) between the Bloss curve and more traditional curves, such as clothoid and Generalized Cornu Spirals (GCS). Nine case studies were conducted, each case was characterized considering the type of transition curve used (clothoid, GCS and Bloss curve) and radius R of the exit curve (R = 60 m, 80 m, 100 m). The numerical values assumed by the kinematic variables along the transition curves were “locally” calculated, i.e. “pointby- point”, to take into account the non-uniform motion regime. The results obtained, limited to the cases studied, show that the Bloss curve better meets the kinematic conditions of the vehicle motion in non-uniform driving regimes. Therefore, the Bloss curve can be considered as a braking curve in the design of road intersections and be a candidate for further investigation to assess any additional benefits in terms of comfort, driving safety and visual perception of the geometric element.
Utility-Based Road Maintenance Prioritization Method Using Pavement Overall Condition Rating
Authors: Dabous Saleh Abu , Al-Khayyat Ghadeer , Feroz Sainab
Published: March 2020

Pavement maintenance and rehabilitation are expensive activities and the available budget to manage the existing pavement infrastructure is limited. Managers require a prioritization method to assist them in selecting the most appropriate maintenance options. Maintenance prioritization is necessary to maintain pavement sections at acceptable service levels within the given budget and resource constraints. In this paper, a utility approach is proposed for maintenance prioritization purposes based on the condition assessment results of the pavement sections. A pavement network of five sections is considered in this study, and a numerical example is illustrated considering one section to show the implementation of the utility approach for section ranking. The overall assessment of various pavement sections was provided by the inspector as degrees of belief in seven assessment grades, which are: A (Good), B (Satisfactory), C (Fair), D (Poor), E (Very poor), and F (Serious). The assessment of pavement condition and the estimated grade utilities are used to calculate maximum, minimum, and average utilities for each of the five pavement sections. Based on the results, the pavement sections are ranked for maintenance and rehabilitation actions.
The Interface Friction in The Friction-Type Bolted Joint of Steel Truss Bridge: Case Study
Authors: Wang Gaoxin , Ding Youliang
Published: March 2020

The friction-type bolted joint transfers the internal forces in the structural members by interface friction, but noticeable seasonal temperature and bolt fracture cause the redistribution of interface friction and threaten the joint safety. Therefore, this study carried out finite element analysis on the interface friction considering the influence of seasonal temperature and bolt fracture. Through finite element analysis, the simulation of interface friction under seasonal temperature revealed the distribution of temperature induced interface friction in different areas and locations. Further simulation of fractured bolts revealed the influence of quantity and location of fractured bolts on the redistribution of interface friction. Finally, the interface frictions in the bolted joint were evaluated using limit state equations. The results showed that: 1) the quantity and location of fractured bolts cause obvious redistribution of interface friction in the bolt-fractured areas; 2) the quantity and location of fractured bolts have slight effect on the total interface friction in the whole splice plate; 3) the reduced interface friction in the bolt-fractured areas was transferred to the areas without bolt fracture, producing little change in the total interface friction; 4) all the splice plates had abundant safety margin after analysis of their limit state equations.
Laboratory Characterization of The Load Transfer-Crack Width Relation for Innovative Short Concrete Slabs Pavements
Authors: Pradena Mauricio , Houben Lambert , César Andrés
Published: March 2020

Aggregate interlock is the dominant load transfer mechanism in non-dowelled Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements, as the innovative short concrete slabs. Although the Load Transfer Efficiency of this pavement innovation is based on that mechanism, the structural design methods do not relate the Load Transfer Efficiency by aggregate interlock with its direct cause, which is the Crack Width under the joints. The objective of the present article is to characterise in the laboratory the Load Transfer Efficiency−Crack Width relation for innovative short slabs Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements. Additionally, as an alternative to large-scale laboratory tests to study the Load Transfer Efficiency, a practical test on a reduced scale is proposed. The results confirmed that short slabs Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements with high-quality aggregates are able to provide adequate Load Transfer Efficiency (above 70%) without dowels bars. Based on the laboratory results, complemented with previous field data, a Load Transfer Efficiency−Crack Width curve is proposed and made available for structural design methods of short slabs Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements. Finally, the laboratory test on a reduced scale is useful to develop specific Load Transfer Efficiency−Crack Width relations using standard equipment available in traditional concrete laboratories.
Success Predictors For Third-Year Osteopathic Medical Students on National Standardized Examinations: A Family Medicine Clerkship Course Study
Authors: Glaser Kelli , Sackett Denise , Pazdernik Vanessa K.
Published: March 2020

Context

Medical education institutions often use community-based sites and preceptors during students' third and fourth years for clinical training. However, differences in the sites, preceptors, assessment methods, and students may result in variations in clinical training, potentially affecting educational outcomes. During clerkships at A.T. Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona, all students are evaluated by several methods for each required clerkship course. Required assessments include the clinical preceptor's evaluation, online coursework specific to each clerkship, patient log documentation, and the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Achievement Test (COMAT) relevant to that clerkship.

Objective

To evaluate which methods of student assessment in a family medicine clerkship course were most predictive of the future success of students on national standardized examinations.

Methods

Third-year osteopathic medical students from a single class who had completed the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX)-USA Level 2-Cognitive Evaluation (CE) and 2-Performance Evaluation (PE) and the COMAT were included in the study. Scores on the examinations were used as success benchmarks. Analysis of 4 categories of predictor variables—clerkship site, previous student performance, preceptor evaluation, and clerkship coursework assessment (ie, assignment scores and log numbers)—was used to predict success on the national standardized examinations.

Results

Ninety-nine of 105 students were eligible for inclusion. No associations were found between examination scores and clerkship site or log numbers (all P≥.10). Correlations were found for previous student performance (ie, grade point average for first-year and second-year coursework) and all examinations except COMLEX-USA Level 2-PE (r=0.56-0.74, all P<.001), and between total score in family medicine clerkship coursework and COMLEX-USA Level 2-CE and COMAT scores (r=0.28-0.39, all P≤.006). Correlations were also found between preceptor evaluation (total score and subscore on medical knowledge) and all assessed national standardized examinations (r=0.20-0.34, all P<.049).

Conclusion

Our results suggest that analysis of predictor variables in clerkship courses can reasonably predict success on national standardized examinations and may be useful for early identification of struggling students who may need additional support to perform well on the examinations.
Discovery of potential targets of Triptolide through inverse docking in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Wu Qinhang , Bao Gang , Pan Yang , Qian Xiaoqi , Gao Furong
Published: March 2020

Triptolide (TPL) is proposed as an effective anticancer agent known for its anti-proliferation of a variety of cancer cells including ovarian cancer cells. Although some studies have been conducted, the mechanism by which TPL acts on ovarian cancer remains to be clearly described. Herein, systematic work based on bioinformatics was carried out to discover the potential targets of TPL in SKOV-3 cells. TPL induces the early apoptosis of SKOV-3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner with an IC50= 40 ± 0.89 nM when cells are incubated for 48 h. Moreover, 20 nM TPL significantly promotes early apoptosis at a rate of 40.73%. Using a self-designed inverse molecular docking protocol, we fish the top 19 probable targets of TPL from the target library, which was built on 2,250 proteins extracted from the Protein Data Bank. The 2D-DIGE assay reveals that the expression of eight genes is affected by TPL. The results of western blotting and qRT-PCR assay suggest that 40 nM of TPL up-regulates the level of Annexin A5 (6.34 ± 0.07 fold) and ATP syn thase (4.08 ± 0.08 fold) and down-regulates the level of β-Tubulin (0.11 ± 0.12 fold) and HSP90 (0.21 ± 0.09 fold). More details of TPL affecting on Annexin A5 signaling pathway will be discovered in the future. Our results define some potential targets of TPL, with the hope that this agent could be used as therapy for the preclinical treatment of ovarian cancer.
Response of Mungbean to the Residual Toxicity of Herbicides Used in Wheat under Strip Tillage System
Authors: Shamim M. S. , Mia M. S. R. , Hossain M. N. , Ahmed T. , Haque M. K.
Published: March 2020

The residual effect of eight herbicides (Pendimethalin, Pretilachlor, Triasulfuron Ethoxysulfuron, Pyrazosulfuron Ethyl, Carfentrazone – ethyl, Carfentrazone – ethyl+ Isoproteuron, 2, 4 –D) used in wheat of Agronomy Field Laboratory during March to June 2014 was evaluated for mungbean. The eighteen herbicide treatment combinations of the eight herbicides were used in wheat. The experiment was conducted in Random Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The effect of herbicide residues on the mungbean was evaluated in term of germination, seedling root and shoot length, leaf chlorophyll content and seeding dry matter. The result showed that seedling establishment of mungbean was not adversely affected by the herbicides applied the previous wheat crop. Also, the residue of herbicides applied in strip-tilled wheat did not show any adverse effect on germination, shoot length and seedling dry matter of mungbean and even shoot growth of mungbean was not inhibited by the residue of those herbicides. The reason might be related to the half-life and rate of degradation of herbicides in soil. In addition, farmers can easily grow mungbean in a cropping pattern as a subsequent crop of wheat because the study ensures that tested herbicides did not show any adverse residual effect on the establishment of this succeeding crop. However, continuous use of same herbicide or different herbicides with same mode of action in the same land year after year is strictly prohibited. Also, the prudent use of chemical/herbicide is essential to fulfill the goals of conservation agriculture by having reducing detrimental environmental impact as well as reducing herbicide resistance development in crops.
Vibrational Spectroscopic Analyses of (en)2-Td-type Clathrates
Authors: Indramahalakshmi G.
Published: March 2020

The clathrates of Hofmann-(en)2-Td-type, M(en)2M’(CN)4.Aniline (M=Cu,Cd; M’=Cd,Zn) and their hosts were synthesized with the confirmation using FTIR spectra. Hydrogen bonding interaction between π-cloud of phenyl ring of the guest molecule and ethylenediamine(en) of the host lattices was deduced from the upward shift in ν(CH)out of plane bending mode of aniline. A second type of hydrogen bonding between C≡N group of the host lattice and NH2 of aniline guest was also inferred from the downward shift in ν(C≡N) of the clathrates. The relative strength of H-bonding in the clathrates was found to be Hofmann-(en)2-Type > Hofmann-(en)2-Td-Phenol > Hofmann-(en)2-Td-Aniline. The presence of major peaks corresponding to various modes of guest aniline, ligand en and cyanide group in FT Raman spectra also confirms the formation of clathrates. Attempts to synthesize Ni(en)2M’(CN)4.Aniline (M’=Cd,Zn) resulted in the formation of M’(en)2Ni(CN)4.2Aniline (M’=Cd,Zn) due to the exchange of metal ions and greater stability of Ni(CN)4 unit.
Investigation of Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection Serologically and Pathologically in Aborted Cattle, Sheep, Goats and in Fetuses
Authors: Kale Mehmet , Hasircioglu Sibel , Özmen Özlem , Mamak Nuri , Gür Sibel , Yapici Orhan , Yavru Sibel , Haligür Mehmet , Bulut Oya , Atli Kamil , Yildirim Yakup
Published: March 2020

In this study, Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) infection was searched serologically and pathologically in cattle (178 Holstein), sheep (160 native), goats (66 ordinary goats, 98 Honamli goats, 16 Saanen goats) with an abortion history and in unborn cattle (8), sheep (24) and goat (5) fetus. Samples were collected between July 2009 and September 2010. As a result of studying specific antibodies to RVFV by using the c-ELISA method in blood serum samples collected from cattle, sheep and goats suffering abortion, seropositivity was identified in 7 cattle (7/178; 3.93%), 4 sheep (4/160;2.50%) and 18 goats (18/180;10.0%). 18 seropositive goats were distributed according to race as 13 ordinary goats (19.70%), 2 Honamli goats (2.04%) and 3 Saanen goats (18.75%). When liver, spleen and brain samples of the unborn fetus of cattle, sheep and goats were studied histopathologically, no pathological findings on RVFV disease were obtained. Consequently, in this study, where RVFV infection in cattle, sheep and goats raised in Western Mediterranean Region of Turkey was serologically revealed, it was concluded that RVFV did not take place in the aetiology of abortion cases in relevant species.
Impact of Alcohol Intoxication on Pregnant Albino Wistar Rats; Some Blood Profile and Histopathological Evidence
Authors: Onyemelukwe A. O. , Achukwu P. U. , Azubuike N. C. , Ogenyi S. I. , Onwukwe O. S. , Odo O. F. , Ogu C. O.
Published: March 2020

Aim: To investigate the effects of alcohol consumption on serum biochemistry and histomorphology of liver, kidneys and uterus of pregnant Albino Wistar rats.

Study Design: An experimental study which lasted for six weeks was conducted in the Animal house of the Department of Physiology, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus.

Methodology: Twenty (20) female albino Wistar rats were used in this study. They were divided into five groups (n=4): Three experimental groups (A - C) and two control groups (pregnant and non-pregnant). Groups A, B and C were treated with 0.3 g/kg, 0.8 g/kg and 2 g/kg Ethanol respectively via oral gavage, once daily for 30 days. Blood samples were collected from the female rats via retro orbital puncture and the sera obtained were used for the determination of serum Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Urea and Creatinine levels. Liver, kidney and uterus were excised after animal sacrifice for histopathological studies.

Results: A statistically significant increase in ALT, AST and ALP levels was observed only in rats treated with 0.3 g/kg/day of ethanol when compared with the controls (P=.000). Serum creatinine and urea levels in all groups showed no difference when compared with the controls. However, varying degrees of micro-architectural changes were observed in the liver, kidneys and uterus of rats in all treatment groups.

Conclusion: The present data suggest that alcohol consumption during pregnancy causes histological lesions that may be responsible for the tissue alterations observed in the experimental animals.
Induction of Systemic Resistant Molecules in Phylloplane of Rice Plants against Magnaporthe oryzae by Pseudomonas fluorescens
Authors: Suguna S. , Parthasarathy S. , Karthikeyan G.
Published: March 2020

Rice blast caused by ascomycetes fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is mostly considered the utmost significant disease of rice worldwide since its widespread dissemination and destructiveness under conducive conditions. Experiments were conducted in phylloplane of rice plants to study the induction of various defense enzymes and accumulation of phenol by three biocontrol agents viz., P. fluorescens talc (Pf1), liquid formulation with TNAU - Pf1 and Biocure - B under pot culture. The application of bioformulatons of P. flourescens triggered the activity of three defense related enzymes viz., peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and SOD were induced and the accumulation of phenol was also noticed in phylloplane rice plant upon challenge inoculation with Magnaporthe oryzae the causal agent for leaf blast disease in rice. The activities of defense enzymes reached a peak at three days after inoculation (DAI) with the pathogen. Native PAGE analysis revealed the expression of an additional isoforms of PO, PPO, SOD and catalase were observed in biocontrol agents treated seedlings due to induced systemic resistance (ISR) induction.
Evaluation of Cassava Genotypes for Agronomic Performance, Correlation with CMD and CBSD Parameters and Stability across Alupe, Kakamega and Kibos in Western Kenya
Authors: Navangi L. N. , Githiri S. M. , Ateka E. M. , Kanju E. , Munga T. L. , Tumwegamire S. , Otsyula R. M. , Kwena P. O. , Woyengo V. W. , Malinga J. , Okitoi L. O.
Published: March 2020

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) production in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is constrained by the two biotic constraints namely, cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD). The aim of this study was to evaluate elite cassava genotypes for variation in agronomical traits, correlate them to CMD and CBSD parameters and identify stable genotypes in Alupe, Kakamega and Kibos in Western Kenya. Twenty three (23) elite cassava genotypes that had shown resistance to either one or both of CMD and CBSD in Eastern Africa were evaluated. The trial was conducted using an alpha lattice balanced design with twenty three (23) genotypes, replicated three times at Alupe, Kakamega and Kibos in Western Kenya for an extended cropping cycle between 2016 and 2017. Results showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between genotypes and location (or agro-ecology), but not interaction (P ≥ 0.05), for all the agronomic performance parameters evaluated. All the 23 cassava genotypes evaluated across the three locations had mean cyanide potential levels ranging from of 3.00–6.00 and were therefore, sweet and not bitter. The significant but negative relationship between CMD and CBSD incidence and severity with agronomic performance implied that their relationship was inverse. Confirmation of stability for agronomic performance was achieved through AMMI analysis, using AMMI stability value (ASV). Stable genotypes based on AMMI stability values (ASV) for fresh root yield across Alupe, Kakamega and Kibos were KBH/2002/066, Kibandameno (a local standard check), NASE-18, Kizimbani and NASE-3. These genotypes need to be further evaluated in more environments to assess their wider adaptability and stability.
Interconnect Technique for Tight Clearance in Stacked-die Package
Authors: Gomez F. R. , Rodriguez R. , Gomez N.
Published: March 2020

The paper focused in addressing wire-related assembly issues due to tight clearances in the semiconductor package design. Package design characterization was done considering the assembly design rules and the advanced rules, resulting to the integration of an interposer in the package design.  With the new design, the assembly limitations and capability could be improved specifically for semiconductor devices with tight clearance requirement. Furthermore, gross assembly rejections related to tight clearances could be mitigated with the design solution and process improvement.
Perception of Non-migrant Communities to Geo-hazard Threats in the Mount Cameroon Volcanic Region
Authors: Kometa Sunday Shende , Mua Kang Edwin
Published: March 2020

Whilst the issue of migration has received widespread and international debates on the geometric number of people displaced daily from one region to another, the environmental unfriendliness, socio-economic and political situations have been accused for the progressive migrant trend in most parts of the world. Bearing in mind these unprecedented situations, the tendency had always been the decision to migrate or stay to cope with adverse situation. It is against these mix feelings that the study investigates the perception of non-migrant communities to geo-hazard threats along the Mount Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL). The study made use of both primary and secondary sources of data. Interviews were conducted with some traditional authorities, officials of the Limbe Botanic Garden, government officials and municipal authorities on the environmental impacts associated with the decision of the non-migrants in vulnerable zones. From the interview conducted a representative survey of households was then undertaken to gather the opinion of non-migrant households within the geo-hazard environment. This was aided by the use of some 120 questionnaires distributed to on-spot households exposed to geo-hazards within the Mount Cameroon mobile region. 120 questionnaires were administered and distributed to 5 sampled communities using random a sampling technique. The Mount Cameroon Volcanic Region alongside the location of communities were mapped out using ArcGIS. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation results revealed that communities have strong perception of geo-hazards despite the threats. About 80% of the communities perceived the occurrence of such hazards as mixed blessings especially the associated benefits from fertile volcanic and alluvial soils as well as floodwaters in depressions used for agricultural activities. The study further states that the myths of households to geohazard occurrence kills the science and technology as well as the resilient strategies to such geo-hazards. While the socio-cultural mechanism remains a winding driver of on-spot location in hazard-prone zones, the future of community safety should not undermine human knack responses to geo-hazards. The study recommends proper planning and adaptive measures along this volcanic line such that the traditional and cultural myths of the communities should be integrated with the modern and technological structures to resist or minimize the effects of nature on the non-migrant communities within the flanks of the Cameroon Volcanic Line.
Flood Hazard Zoning-mapping in Sigi District Central Sulawesi Using Geographic Information System
Authors: Utomo Lilik Prihadi
Published: March 2020

Flooding is a disaster that every year occurred in Sigi District. The research purpose is finding out the flood hazard zoning in the Sigi District. The type of research is descriptive qualitative, with a region complex approach. The variables used are slope, soil type, rainfall, and land use. Data analysis used overlay, scoring, and layout techniques. The result showed that Mapping of flood hazard zoning in Sigi Districts is divided into four zones, namely; 1) Zone IV is a zone with a very high level of flood hazard category, this zone has an area of 24505.62 Ha or 4.82%; 2) zone III, namely the zone with Danger flood hazard category has an area of 131587.86 Ha or 25.91%; 3) zone II, which is in the less dangerous category has an area of 350605.76 Ha or 69.03%; zone I with the non-hazardous category has an area of 1193.62 Ha or 0.24%.
Origin and adaptation of green‐sensitive (RH2) pigments in vertebrates
Authors: Yokoyama Shozo , Jia Huiyong
Published: March 2020

One of the critical times for the survival of animals is twilight where the most abundant visible lights are between 400 and 550 nanometres (nm). Green‐sensitive RH2 pigments help nonmammalian vertebrate species to better discriminate wavelengths in this blue‐green region. Here, evaluation of the wavelengths of maximal absorption (λmaxs) of genetically engineered RH2 pigments representing 13 critical stages of vertebrate evolution revealed that the RH2 pigment of the most recent common ancestor of vertebrates had a λmax of 503 nm, while the 12 ancestral pigments exhibited an expanded range in λmaxs between 474 and 524 nm, and present‐day RH2 pigments have further expanded the range to ~ 450–530 nm. During vertebrate evolution, eight out of the 16 significant λmax shifts (or |Δλmax| ≥ 10 nm) of RH2 pigments identified were fully explained by the repeated mutations E122Q (twice), Q122E (thrice) and M207L (twice), and A292S (once). Our data indicated that the highly variable λmaxs of teleost RH2 pigments arose from gene duplications followed by accelerated amino acid substitution.
General Paradigm in Photoredox Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Allows for Light‐Free Access to Reactivity
Authors: Sun Rui , Qin Yangzhong , Nocera Daniel G.
Published: March 2020

Self‐sustained NiI/III cycles are established as a potentially general paradigm in photoredox Ni‐catalyzed carbon–heteroatom cross‐coupling reactions through a strategy that allows us to recapitulate photoredox‐like reactivity in the absence of light across a wide range of substrates in the amination, etherification, and esterification of aryl bromides, the latter of which has remained, hitherto, elusive under thermal Ni catalysis. Moreover, the accessibility of esterification in the absence of light is especially notable because previous mechanistic studies on this transformation under photoredox conditions have unanimously invoked energy‐transfer‐mediated pathways.
Light‐Driven Crawling of Molecular Crystals by Phase‐Dependent Transient Elastic Lattice Deformation
Authors: Gong Yanjun , Guo Yongxian , Ge Fayuan , Xiong Wei , Su Jie , Sun Yang , Zhang Chuang , Cao An‐Min , Zhang Yifan , Zhao Jincai , Che Yanke
Published: March 2020

The light‐driven crawling of a molecular crystal that can form three phases, (α, β, and γ) is presented. Laser irradiation of the molecular crystal can generate phase‐dependent transient elastic lattice deformation. The resulting elastic lattice deformation that follows scanning irradiation of a laser can actuate the different phases of molecular crystal to move with different velocity and direction. Because the γ phase has a large Young's modulus (ca. 26 GPa), a force of 0.1 μN can be generated under one laser spot. The generated force is sufficient to actuate the γ‐formed molecular crystals in a wide dimensional range to move longitudinally at a velocity of about 60 μm min−1, which is two orders of magnitude faster than the α and β phases.
Hidden Isolated OH at the Charged Hydrophobic Interface Revealed by Two‐Dimensional Heterodyne‐Detected VSFG Spectroscopy
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed , Inoue Ken‐ichi , Nihonyanagi Satoshi , Tahara Tahei
Published: March 2020

Water around hydrophobic groups mediates hydrophobic interactions that play key roles in many chemical and biological processes. Thus, the molecular‐level elucidation of the properties of water in the vicinity of hydrophobic groups is important. We report on the structure and dynamics of water at two oppositely charged hydrophobic ion/water interfaces, that is, the tetraphenylborate‐ion (TPB−)/water and tetraphenylarsonium‐ion (TPA+)/water interfaces, which are clarified by two‐dimensional heterodyne‐detected vibrational sum‐frequency generation (2D HD‐VSFG) spectroscopy. The obtained 2D HD‐VSFG spectra of the anionic TPB− interface reveal the existence of distinct π‐hydrogen bonded OH groups in addition to the usual hydrogen‐bonded OH groups, which are hidden in the steady‐state spectrum. In contrast, 2D HD‐VSFG spectra of the cationic TPA+ interface only show the presence of usual hydrogen‐bonded OH groups. The present study demonstrates that the sign of the interfacial charge governs the structure and dynamics of water molecules that face the hydrophobic region.
A psychoanalytic and qualitative research on immigrants' “left‐behind” children: “I understand why they left, but why did they leave?”
Authors: Anagnostaki Lida , Zaharia Alexandra
Published: March 2020

Background and Purpose

The psychoanalytic literature on migration has extensively explored the psychic impact of the migration process on the people who migrate, whereas the predicament of the immigrants' children that were left behind in the country of origin has been largely overlooked. This paper has a twofold aim. Firstly, it sets out to explore the experience of being left behind as a child by parents who emigrated to another country for economic reasons, and secondly, it aspires to present a valid combination of psychoanalytic thinking and qualitative design.

Methods

Fourteen adult men and women who as children were left behind in Greece when their parents emigrated were interviewed about their current perspectives on their childhood experiences. Their narratives were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis, a qualitative research method that can offer material suitable for psychodynamic understanding.

Results

The analysis of the interviews yielded the overarching theme “Trauma” and four superordinate themes, “Intense emotions,” “Effects on parent–child relationship,” “Defenses,” and “Psychopathology.” The discussion of the results focuses on the psychoanalytic exploration of the trauma induced by the early and prolonged parent–child separation and its psychic sequelae.

Conclusion

Being left in the country of origin by parents who emigrated to another country for economic reasons was a traumatic experience for the “left‐behind” children. The complexities of this situation may be depicted through the combination of qualitative research methods and psychoanalytic understanding.
Association between olfactory sensitivity and behavioral responses of Drosophila suzukii to naturally occurring volatile compounds
Authors: Corda Giulia , Solari Paolo , Dettori Maria Antonietta , Fabbri Davide , Delogu Giovanna , Crnjar Roberto , Sollai Giorgia
Published: March 2020

Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is an invasive, destructive crop pest that originated in South East Asia. D. suzukii recently invaded Western countries and is threatening both European and American fruit industries. It is extremely attracted to otherwise undamaged, ripening fruits, unlike most other Drosophila species that attack only decaying or rotten fruits. Recent studies on different insect species showed that several naturally occurring compounds of easy market availability showing deterrent action may be used to supplement mass catches with food traps. Based on these considerations, the aim of the present work was to test the effects of some natural compounds (alone or in the mixture) on the olfactory system of the D. suzukii and the behavioral responses evoked. We measured by electroantennogram (EAG) recordings, the olfactory sensitivity of antennae to increasing concentrations of eugenol, vanillin, menthol, cis‐jasmone; eugenol + vanillin, +menthol, +cis‐jasmone; vanillin + menthol, +cis‐jasmone. In addition, the behavioral responses to the same compounds and mixtures were evaluated. Our electrophysiological results show a dose‐response relationship between the EAG amplitudes and the increasing concentrations of the olfactory compound. The behavioral results show that the number of laid eggs is significantly different between the standard diet and the standard diet + natural compound. These results underline a specificity in the olfactory sensitivity and in the ovipositing behavior of D. suzukii females; also, they could be valuable for the identification of key chemicals aimed at the future development of strategies in the management and control of this harmful insect for crops.
Non‐clinical characterization of the disposition of EMA401, a novel small molecule angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) antagonist
Authors: Murgasova Renata , Carreras Ester Tor , Suetterlin‐Hachmann Martina , da Silva Torrao Leonel Reis , Kittelmann Matthias , Alexandra Vargas , Fredenhagen Andreas
Published: March 2020

EMA401, (the S‐enantiomer of 5‐(benzyloxy)‐2‐(2,2‐diphenylacetyl)‐6‐methoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid), also known as Olodanrigan, is an orally active selective angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) antagonist that is in Phase IIb clinical development as a novel analgesic for the relief of chronic pain. The main purpose of the present work was to investigate the disposition of a single 14C‐ labeled EMA401 in non‐clinical studies. The in vitro metabolism studies of EMA401 were undertaken to understand the hepatic biotransformation pathways in animal species used in toxicology studies and how they compare to human. Furthermore, investigation of EMA401's PK was carried out in vivo in rats. The study demonstrates the rapid absorption and distribution of drug‐related material mainly to the tissues associated with absorption and elimination (GI tract, liver, and kidney). EMA401was then readily eliminated metabolically via the bile (95% of dose) predominantly in the form of the direct acylglucuronide (40% of dose), which was further hydrolysed by the intestinal flora to the active parent drug. Other metabolic pathways such as dealkylations and hydroxylation were also involved in the elimination of EMA401 to a lesser extent. EMA401 was metabolically unstable in hepatocytes of all species investigated and the key metabolites produced in the in vitro model were also detected in vivo. Independent of the dosing route, the S‐enantiomer EMA401 showed a good in vivo chiral stability. Overall, the present study provides the first full characterization of the disposition of EMA401 in preclinical species.
Incorporating Lanthanum into Mesoporous Silica Foam Enhances Enzyme Immobilization and the Activity of Penicillin G Acylase Due to Lewis Acid‐Base Interactions
Authors: Tian Chengcheng , Xu Xuyang , Zhang Haiyang , Mehio Nada , Guo Yanglong , Ma Liang , Dai Sheng
Published: March 2020

Penicillin G acylase (PGA) has been immobilized on a lanthanum‐incorporated mesostructured cellular foam (La‐MCF) support by using the interaction between the strong Lewis acid sites on the surface of La‐MCF and the free amino groups of lysine residues of PGA. The La‐MCF support was successfully synthesized in situ through the addition of a citric acid (CA) complexant. The results of pyridine‐IR spectroscopy show the presence of strong Lewis acid sites on the surface of the prepared La‐MCF (with CA), attributed to the incorporation of lanthanum species into the framework of MCF. Through interaction with the strong Lewis acid sites, the enzymes can be firmly immobilized on the surface of the support. The results indicate that PGA/La‐MCF (with CA) exhibits a high specific activity and greatly enhanced operational stability. For the hydrolysis of penicillin G potassium salt, the initial specific activity of PGA/La‐MCF (with CA) reaches 10023 U/g. Even after being recycled 10 times, PGA/La‐MCF (with CA) retains 89 % of its initial specific activity, much higher than the 77 % of PGA/Si‐MCF.
Light‐Driven Flipping of Azobenzene Assemblies—Sparse Crystal Structures and Responsive Behaviour to Polarised Light
Authors: Kageyama Yoshiyuki , Ikegami Tomonori , Satonaga Shinnosuke , Obara Kazuma , Sato Hiroyasu , Takeda Sadamu
Published: March 2020

For creation of autonomous microrobots, which are able to move under conditions of a constant environment and a constant energy supply, a mechanism for maintenance of mechanical motion with a capacity for self‐control is required. This requirement, known as self‐organisation, represents the ability of a system to evade equilibrium through formation of a spatio‐temporal pattern. Following our previous finding of a self‐oscillatory flipping motion of an azobenzene‐containing co‐crystal, we present here regulation of the flipping motion by a light‐receiving sensor molecule in relation to the alignment and role of azobenzene molecules in crystals. In the anisotropic structure, a specific azobenzene molecule acts as a reaction centre for the conversion of light to a mechanical function process, whereas the other molecules act as modulators for spatio‐pattern regulation. The present results demonstrate that autonomously drivable molecular materials can exhibit information‐responsive, self‐sustainable motion by incorporating stimulus‐responsive sensors.
A Tetrairon Dication Featuring Tetraethynylbenzene Bridging Ligand: A Molecular Prototype of Quantum Dot Cellular Automata
Authors: Makhoul Rim , Hamon Paul , Roisnel Thierry , Hamon Jean‐René , Lapinte Claude
Published: March 2020

The unprecedented tetrairon dication [{Cp*(dppe)FeC≡C‐}4‐μ‐(1,2,4,5‐C6H2)](PF6)2 (1) was obtained through a sequence of three reactions from 1,2,4,5‐tetraethynylbenzene, Cp*(dppe)FeCl (Cp*=C5Me5, dppe=1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐ethane), KOtBu, and ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate. The cyclic voltammogram of the target molecule, isolated in 77 % yield, exhibits four well separated and reversible redox events showing that 1 is thermodynamically stable with respect to disproportionation (Kc>106). The tetranuclear dication 1 was characterized by XRD on single crystal, IR and NMR spectroscopies and Mössbauer spectrometry. The experimental data show that 1 behaves as a class II mixed‐valence complex with the positive charges preferentially disposed on antipodal positions. This new molecule can be regarded as a potential molecular prototype of quantum dot cellular automata.
A novel recommender algorithm based on graph embedding and diffusion sampling
Authors: Chen Jiaying , Yu Jiong , Qian Yurong , Li Ping , Bian Chen
Published: March 2020

With the rapid increase in e‐commerce data, recommender systems (RSs) have become the most prevalent methods for providing recommended services in various commercial platforms. Deep learning–based recommender methods improve recommendation results by learning latent representations; however, most cannot capture the correlations between items and ignore additional information such as time information, which leads to suboptimal suggestions. To improve recommendation accuracy, we propose a novel recommender algorithm based on graph embedding and diffusion sampling (graph2vec). Our improved model constructs a graph based on users' behavior histories and embeds the graph to a low‐dimensional vector space with a deep learning approach. To obtain more accurate embedding results, we use a revised sampling method based on information diffusion theory to capture both the depth and breadth information of a graph. Then, we recommend the top‐N items to the target user depending on the final representation vectors. Experiments are carried out with real‐world datasets to demonstrate the superior performance of graph2vec. The results show that browse‐based graph construction and diffuse‐based graph embedding help improve the recommender accuracy of the new model compared with that of the selected state‐of‐the‐art models.
When and how does customer engagement in CSR initiatives lead to greater CSR participation? The role of CSR credibility and customer–company identification
Authors: Hur Won‐Moo , Moon Tae‐Won , Kim Hanna
Published: March 2020

This study aims to investigate the effects of customers' perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on their CSR participation intention via customer–company identification (C–C identification). The authors also examine how CSR credibility strengthens the customers' CSR perception–C–C identification relationship and the indirect relationship between CSR perception and CSR participation intention through C–C identification. We conducted a survey of 567 South Korean bank customers and performed structural equation modeling to test our hypotheses. C–C identification partially mediated the relationship between customers' CSR perception and CSR participation intention. The positive association between customers' CSR perception and C–C identification was more pronounced when CSR credibility was higher than when it was lower. CSR credibility further moderated the indirect effect of customers' CSR perception and CSR participation intention through C‐C identification. This study deepens CSR research by showing how a cognitive CSR perception leads to a behavioral CSR participation based on a research model.