bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
8-Hydroxyquinoline Glycoconjugates Containing Sulfur at the Sugar Anomeric Position—Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of Their Cytotoxicity
Authors: Krawczyk Monika , Pastuch-Gawołek Gabriela , Hadasik Agnieszka , Erfurt Karol
Published: September 2020

One of the main factors limiting the effectiveness of many drugs is the difficulty of their delivery to their target site in the cell and achieving the desired therapeutic dose. Moreover, the accumulation of the drug in healthy tissue can lead to serious side effects. The way to improve the selectivity of a drug to the cancer cells seems to be its conjugation with a sugar molecule, which should facilitate its selective transport through GLUT transporters (glucose transporters), whose overexpression is seen in some types of cancer. This was the idea behind the synthesis of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) derivative glycoconjugates, for which 1-thiosugar derivatives were used as sugar moiety donors. It was expected that the introduction of a sulfur atom instead of an oxygen atom into the anomeric position of the sugar would increase the stability of the obtained glycoconjugates against untimely hydrolytic cleavage. The anticancer activity of new compounds was determined based on the results of the MTT cytotoxicity tests. Because of the assumption that the activity of this type of compounds was based on metal ion chelation, the effect of the addition of copper ions on cell proliferation was tested for some of them. It turned out that cancer cells treated with glycoconjugates in the presence of Cu2+ had a much slower growth rate compared to cells treated with free glycoconjugates in the absence of copper. The highest cytotoxic activity of the compounds was observed against the MCF-7 cell line.
Brown Seaweeds for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Diseases
Authors: Gabbia Daniela , De Martin Sara
Published: September 2020

Metabolic syndrome is characterized by the coexistence of different metabolic disorders which increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, metabolic syndrome leads to a reduction in patients’ quality of life as well as to an increase in morbidity and mortality. In the last few decades, it has been demonstrated that seaweeds exert multiple beneficial effects by virtue of their micro- and macronutrient content, which could help in the management of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. This review aims to provide an updated overview on the potential of brown seaweeds for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome and its associated diseases, based on the most recent evidence obtained from in vitro and in vivo preclinical and clinical studies. Owing to their great potential for health benefits, brown seaweeds are successfully used in some nutraceuticals and functional foods for treating metabolic syndrome comorbidities. However, some issues still need to be tackled and deepened to improve the knowledge of their ADME/Tox profile in humans, in particular by finding validated indexes of their absorption and obtaining reliable information on their efficacy and long-term safety.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Resveratrol Butyrate Esters That Have the Ability to Prevent Fat Accumulation in a Liver Cell Culture Model
Authors: Tain You-Lin , Jheng Li-Cheng , Chang Sam K. C. , Chen Yu-Wei , Huang Li-Tung , Liao Jin-Xian , Hou Chih-Yao
Published: September 2020

To facilitate broad applications and enhance bioactivity, resveratrol was esterified to resveratrol butyrate esters (RBE). Esterification with butyric acid was conducted by the Steglich esterification method at room temperature with N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and 4-dimethyl aminopyridine (DMAP). Our experiments demonstrated the synthesis of RBE through EDC- and DMAP-facilitated esterification was successful and that the FTIR spectra of RBE revealed absorption (1751 cm−1) in the ester region. 13C-NMR spectrum of RBE showed a peak at 171 ppm corresponding to the ester group and peaks between 1700 and 1600 cm−1 in the FTIR spectra. RBE treatment (25 or 50 μM) decreased oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. This effect was stronger than that of resveratrol and mediated through the downregulation of p-ACC and SREBP-2 expression. This is the first study demonstrating RBE could be synthesized by the Steglich method and that resulting RBE could inhibit lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. These results suggest that RBE could potentially serve as functional food ingredients and supplements for health promotion.
Calix[3]arene-Analogous Metacyclophanes: Synthesis, Structures and Properties with Infinite Potential
Authors: Islam Md. Monarul , Georghiou Paris E. , Rahman Shofiur , Yamato Takehiko
Published: September 2020

Calixarene-analogous metacyclophanes (CAMs) are a special class of cyclophanes that are cyclic polyaromatic hydrocarbons containing three or more aromatic rings linked by one or more methylene bridging groups. They can be considered to be analogues of calixarenes, since, in both types of molecules, the component aromatic rings are linked by methylene groups, which are meta to each other. Since the prototype or classical calix[4]arene consists of four benzene rings each linked by methylene bridges, which are also meta to each other, it can be considered to be an example of a functionalized [1.1.1.1]metacyclophane. A metacyclophane (MCP) that consists of three individual hydroxyl-group functionalized aromatic rings linked by methylene groups, e.g., a trihydroxy[1.1.1]MCP may therefore, by analogy, be termed in the broadest sense as a “calix[3]arene” or a “calix[3]arene-analogous metacyclophane”. Most of the CAMs reported have been synthesized by fragment coupling approaches. The design, synthesis and development of functionalized CAMs, MCPs, calixarenes and calixarene analogues has been an area of great activity in the past few decades, due their potential applications as molecular receptors, sensors and ligands for metal binding, and for theoretical studies, etc. In this review article, we focus mainly on the synthesis, structure and conformational properties of [1.1.1]CAMs, i.e., “calix[3]arenes” and their analogues, which contain three functionalized aromatic rings and which provide new scaffolds for further explorations in supramolecular and sensor chemistry.
Atypical Antipsychotic Drug Ziprasidone Protects against Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Terada Kazuki , Murata Ayumi , Toki Erina , Goto Shotaro , Yamakawa Hirofumi , Setoguchi Shuichi , Watase Daisuke , Koga Mitsuhisa , Takata Jiro , Matsunaga Kazuhisa , Karube Yoshiharu
Published: September 2020

Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic mental illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations, negative symptoms, and cognitive dysfunction. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that the pathogenesis of schizophrenia involves mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. However, the effect of antipsychotic drugs for these events has been poorly investigated. In the present study, we evaluated the neuroprotective effect of an atypical antipsychotic drug, ziprasidone (ZPD), on rotenone (ROT)-induced neurotoxicity involving oxidative stress in PC12 cells. Our data showed that ZPD treatment promoted the translocation of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) from cytoplasm to nucleus and activated the expression of its target genes NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1), catalase (CAT), and heme oxygenase (HO-1). Additionally, ZPD prevented ROT-induced cell death and intracellular reactive oxygen species production. Interestingly, the use of serotonin 5-HT1A receptor antagonist 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4 (4-(2-phtalimido) butyl) piperazine (NAN-190) completely blocked the protective effect of ZPD against ROT-induced cell death. Our results demonstrate the neuroprotective effect of ZPD against ROT-induced neurotoxicity and suggest that ZPD may be a potential candidate for the prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in schizophrenia.
Population Structure and Genetic Diversity in Korean Cowpea Germplasm Based on SNP Markers
Authors: Seo Eunju , Kim Kipoong , Jun Tae-Hwan , Choi Jinsil , Kim Seong-Hoon , Muñoz-Amatriaín María , Sun Hokeun , Ha Bo-Keun
Published: September 2020

Cowpea is one of the most essential legume crops providing inexpensive dietary protein and nutrients. The aim of this study was to understand the genetic diversity and population structure of global and Korean cowpea germplasms. A total of 384 cowpea accessions from 21 countries were genotyped with the Cowpea iSelect Consortium Array containing 51,128 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). After SNP filtering, a genetic diversity study was carried out using 35,116 SNPs within 376 cowpea accessions, including 229 Korean accessions. Based on structure and principal component analysis, a total of 376 global accessions were divided into four major populations. Accessions in group 1 were from Asia and Europe, those in groups 2 and 4 were from Korea, and those in group 3 were from West Africa. In addition, 229 Korean accessions were divided into three major populations (Q1, Jeonra province; Q2, Gangwon province; Q3, a mixture of provinces). Additionally, the neighbor-joining tree indicated similar results. Further genetic diversity analysis within the global and Korean population groups indicated low heterozygosity, a low polymorphism information content, and a high inbreeding coefficient in the Korean cowpea accessions. The population structure analysis will provide useful knowledge to support the genetic potential of the cowpea breeding program, especially in Korea.
Detection of Embryonic Suspensor Cell Death by Whole-Mount TUNEL Assay in Tobacco
Authors: Shi Ce , Luo Pan , Zhao Peng , Sun Meng-Xiang
Published: September 2020

Embryonic suspensor in angiosperms is a short-lived structure that connects the embryo to surrounding maternal tissues, which is necessary for early embryogenesis. Timely degeneration via programed cell death is the most distinct feature of the suspensor during embryogenesis. Therefore, the molecular mechanism regulating suspensor cell death is worth in-depth study for embryonic development. However, this process can hardly be detected using conventional methods since early embryos are deeply embedded in the seed coats and inaccessible through traditional tissue section. Hence, it is necessary to develop a reliable protocol for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) analysis using limited living early embryos. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for the whole-mount detection of suspensor cell death using a TUNEL system in tobacco. This method is especially useful for the direct and rapid detection of the spatial-temporal characters of programed cell death during embryogenesis, as well as for the diminishment of the artifacts during material treatment by traditional methods.
Enhanced Thermal Conductivity of Silicone Composites Filled with Few-Layered Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Cheng Wei-Cheng , Hsieh Yi-Ting , Liu Wei-Ren
Published: September 2020

In this study, we demonstrate the use of silicone/few-layered hexagonal boron nitride (FL-hBN) composites for heat dissipation applications. FL-hBN is synthesized via a green, facile, low-cost and scalable liquid exfoliation method using a jet cavitation process. The crystal structures, surface morphologies and specific surface areas of pristine h-BN and FL-hBN were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and AFM (atomic force microscopy). The results confirmed that FL-hBN with a thickness of ~4 nm was successfully obtained from the exfoliation process. In addition, we introduced both pristine h-BN and FL-hBN into silicone with different ratios to study their thermal properties. The results of the laser flash analysis indicate that the silicon/FL-hBN composite exhibited a higher thermal conductivity than that of the silicone/h-BN composite. With the optimal loading content of 30 wt.% FL-hBN content, the thermal conductivity of the composite could be enhanced to 230%, which is higher than that of silicone/h-BN (189%). These results indicate that jet cavitation is an effective and swift way to obtain few-layered hexagonal boron nitride that could effectively enhance the thermal conductivity of silicone composites.
Recent Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Food Analysis
Authors: Socas-Rodríguez Bárbara , Herrera-Herrera Antonio V. , Asensio-Ramos María , Rodríguez-Delgado Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2020

Nanotechnology has become a topic of interest due to the outstanding advantages that the use of nanomaterials offers in many fields. Among them, magnetic nanoparticles (m-NPs) have been one of the most widely applied in recent years. In addition to the unique features of nanomaterials in general, which exclusively appear at nanoscale, these present magnetic or paramagnetic properties that result of great interest in many applications. In particular, in the area of food analysis, the use of these nanomaterials has undergone a considerable increase since they can be easily separated from the matrix in sorbent-based extractions, providing a considerable simplification of the procedures. This allows reducing cost and giving fast responses, which is essential in the food trade to guarantee consumer safety. These materials can also be easily tunable, providing higher selectivity. Moreover, their particular electrical, thermal and optical characteristics allow enhancing sensor signals, increasing the sensitivity of the approaches based on this type of device. The aim of this review article is to summarise the most remarkable applications of m-NPs in food analysis in the last five years (2016–2020) showing a general view of the use of such materials in the field.
Alexandrian Laurel for Biodiesel Production and its Biodiesel Blends on Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics in Common-Rail Diesel Engine
Authors: Teoh Yew Heng , How Heoy Geok , Le Thanh Danh , Nguyen Huu Tho
Published: September 2020

A two-step transesterification process was employed in the biodiesel production from non-edible Alexandrian Laurel. The key physicochemical properties of the Alexandrian Laurel biodiesel (ALB), diesel and blends of both fuels were compared and analyzed. The effects of blending biodiesel (ALB) and petroleum diesel on engine performance, combustion and exhaust emissions were investigated in a turbocharged, high-pressure common-rail diesel engine under six different speed operations and at full load conditions. The test fuels comprised a conventional diesel fuel and four different fuel blends of ALB. The results showed relatively close physicochemical properties of ALB and its blends when compared with petroleum diesel. However, the use of ALB-blended fuel resulted in penalties engine brake power, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) despite slightly improved brake thermal efficiency (BTE). Brake specific nitrogen oxide (BSNOx) was found worsened with higher ALB content in the blends. Nonetheless, consistent improvements in brake specific carbon monoxide (BSCO), brake specific carbon dioxide (BSCO2), and smoke were noticed when ALB blends were used. Additionally, ALB blends contributed to reduction in peak combustion pressure, peak heat release rate (HRR) and combustion duration. In general, the findings suggest satisfactory operation with ALB biodiesel-diesel blends in an unmodified diesel engine.
Fed-Batch Sucrose Crystallization Model for the B Massecuite Vacuum Pan, Solution by Deterministic and Heuristic Methods
Authors: Gonzales Paulo Eduardo de Morais , de Souza Peloso Marcos Antônio , Olivo José Eduardo , Andrade Cid Marcos Gonçalves
Published: September 2020

Fed-batch crystallization is a crucial step for sugar production. In order to relate parameters that are difficult to measure (average diameter of the crystals and total mass formed) to other easier to measure parameters (volume, temperature, and concentration), a model was developed for a B massecuite vacuum pan composed of mass and energy balances together with empirical relations that describe the crystal development inside equipment. The generated system of ordinary differential equations (ODE) had eight parameters which were adjusted through minimization of relative differences between the model results and experimental data. It was solved through the function fmincon, available in MATLABTM, which is a deterministic and gradient-based optimization method. The objective of this paper is to improve the model obtained and, for this purpose, two metaheuristic functions were used: genetic algorithm and particle swarm. To compare the results, the convergence time of each algorithm was used as well as the resulting quadratic deviation. The particle swarm method was the best option among the three used, presenting a shorter execution time and lower quadratic relative deviation.
Effect of Heavy Metals in the Performance of Anaerobic Digestion of Olive Mill Waste
Authors: Alrawashdeh Khalideh Al bkoor , Gul Eid , Yang Qing , Yang Haiping , Bartocci Pietro , Fantozzi Francesco
Published: September 2020

This study presents an investigation on the effect of heavy metals on the production of biogas during the process of anaerobic digestion (AD) of olive mill waste (OMW). The poisonous effect and the inhibitory influence of Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cr on the digestion process are investigated and determined. Biomethanation potential tests are performed for this sake. Adding some of the heavy metals to the AD decreases the efficiency of biogas production and methane concentration and decreases the reduction in the VS, the TCOD, the SCOD, and the organic acid load. A critical increase in the total organic acid and inhibition of methanogenic bacteria was observed due to its toxicity. The toxicity of the heavy metals can be arranged according to increasing order: Cu > Ni > Pb > Cr > Zn > Fe, which leads to rapid poisoning of the active microorganisms. Iron may also exhibit stimulatory effects, but with a low rate and at a certain level. The conclusions of this work are important for the industry and help to understand how to carefully manage the presence of heavy metals in the digestate.
Affinity of Fluoroquinolone–Safirinium Dye Hybrids to Phospholipids Estimated by IAM-HPLC
Authors: Ciura Krzesimir , Fedorowicz Joanna , Kapica Hanna , Adamkowska Alicja , Sawicki Wiesław , Sączewski Jarosław
Published: September 2020

Nowadays, fluoroquinolones (FQs) constitute one of the most important classes of antibiotics. FQs are used to treat infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative species. A set of fluoroquinolone–Safirinium dye hybrids has been synthesized in our laboratory as potential new dual-action antibacterial agents. In the present study we have evaluated how such a modification influences the affinity of FQs to phospholipids. The immobilized artificial membrane (IAM) high-performance liquid chromatography (IAM-HPLC) was used as a tool for the determination of phospholipids partitioning. The obtained results indicate that the fluoroquinolone–Safirinium dye hybrids, especially the SafiriniumP conjugates, display significantly lower affinity to phospholipids than the parent FQs. Despite the fact that the hybrid structures comprise a quaternary nitrogen atom and hence are permanently charged, the attractive electrostatic interactions between the solutes and negatively charged phospholipids do not occur or occur at a lesser extent than in the case of the unmodified FQs. Since affinity of FQs to phospholipids involves molecular mechanism, which is not entirely determined by lipophilicity, assessment of phospholipid partitioning should be considered at the early stage of the development of new FQ antibiotics.
Erratum: Zhao, H.; Zhang, H.; Miao, C.; Ye, X.; Min, M. Linking Heat Source–Sink Landscape Patterns with Analysis of Urban Heat Islands: Study on the Fast-Growing Zhengzhou City in Central China. Remote Sens. 2018, 10, 1268
Authors: Zhao Hongbo , Zhang Hao , Miao Changhong , Ye Xinyue , Min Min
Published: September 2020

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]
Classifying Large Wildfires in the United States by Land Cover
Authors: Hanberry Brice B.
Published: September 2020

Fire is an ecological process that also has socio-economic effects. To learn more about fire occurrence, I examined relationships between land classes and about 12,000 spatially delineated large wildfires (defined here as uncontrolled fires ≥200 ha, although definitions vary) during 1999 to 2017 in the conterminous United States. Using random forests, extreme gradient boosting, and c5.0 classifiers, I modeled all fires, first years (1999 to 2002), last years (2014 to 2017), the eastern, central, and western United States and seven ecoregions. The three classifiers performed well (true positive rates 0.82 to 0.94) at modeling all fires and fires by year, region, and ecoregion. The random forests classifier did not predict to other time intervals or regions as well as other classifiers and models were not constant in time and space. For example, the eastern region overpredicted fires in the western region and models for the western region underpredicted fires in the eastern region. Overall, greater abundance of herbaceous grasslands, or herbaceous wetlands in the eastern region, and evergreen forest and low abundance of crops and pasture characterized most large fires, even with regional differences. The 14 states in the northeastern United States with no or few large fires contained limited herbaceous area and abundant crops or developed lands. Herbaceous vegetation was the most important variable for fire occurrences in the western region. Lack of crops was most important for fires in the central region and a lack of pasture, crops, and developed open space was most important for fires in the eastern region. A combination of wildlands vegetation was most influential for most ecoregions, although herbaceous vegetation alone and lack of pasture, crops, and developed open space also were influential. Despite departure from historical fire regimes, these models demonstrated that herbaceous vegetation remains necessary for fires and that evergreen forests in particular are fire-prone, while reduction of vegetation surrounding housing developments will help provide a buffer to reduce large fires.
Braided Fabrication of a Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor
Authors: Lee Songbi , Lee Joohyeon
Published: September 2020

Our objective was to construct textile braiding manufacturing methods to facilitate high precision and accurate measurements using optical fiber Bragg grating sensors for various structures. We aimed to combine three-dimensional (3D) braiding processing with the optical Bragg grating sensor’s accurate metrology. Outside the limits of the sensor’s epoxy attachment methods, the textile braiding method can diversify the scope of application. The braiding process can be used to design a 3D fabric module process for multiple objective mechanical fiber arrangements and material characteristics. Optical stress–strain response conditions were explored through the optimization of design elements between the Bragg grating sensor and the braiding. Here, Bragg grating sensors were located 75% away from the fiber center. The sensor core structure was helical with a 1.54 cm pitch, and a polyurethane synthetic yarn was braided together with the sensor using a weaving machine. From the prototype results, a negative Poisson’s ratio resulted in a curled braided Bragg grating sensor. The number of polyurethane strands was studied to determine the role of wrap angle in the braiding. The 12-strands condition showed an increase in double stress–strain response rate at a Poisson’s ratio of 1.3%, and the 16-strands condition was found to have noise affecting the sensor at a Poisson’s ratio of 1.5%. The findings suggested the application of braiding fabrication to the Bragg grating sensor could help to develop a new monitoring sensor.
Work/Family Conflict of More Importance than Psychosocial Working Conditions and Family Conditions for Mental Wellbeing
Authors: Nordenmark Mikael , Almén Niclas , Vinberg Stig
Published: September 2020

Studies have indicated the importance of family life and psychosocial working conditions for mental wellbeing. More recently, studies have highlighted that a good balance between work and family is crucial for good mental wellbeing. However, few studies compare the relative importance of these factors for mental wellbeing. The main aim of this study was to analyse the relative importance of psychosocial working conditions, family conditions and work/family conflict for mental wellbeing. The analyses are based on a Swedish data set, including questions regarding working life, family life and mental wellbeing. A total of 12,461 married/cohabiting individuals employed in Swedish organisations were included in the study. Results show that psychosocial working conditions, family conditions and work/family conflict all were related to mental wellbeing. In the final regression model, the strongest correlation was found between mental wellbeing and the variables work/family conflict, satisfaction with private life and partner relationship, with work/family conflict appearing to be of greatest importance. These findings highlight the necessity of including measurements of work/family conflict when studying the importance of work and family conditions for individual mental wellbeing. For workplace health promotion and improvement, it may be beneficial to consider not only psychosocial working conditions, but also family conditions, and particularly work/life conflict.
Types of Statistical Indicators Characterized by 2-Pre-Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Minculete Nicuşor
Published: September 2020

In this article, we established new results related to a 2-pre-Hilbert space. Among these results we will mention the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. We show several applications related to some statistical indicators as average, variance and standard deviation and correlation coefficient, using the standard 2-inner product and some of its properties. We also present a brief characterization of a linear regression model for the random variables in discrete case.
The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Developing Successful Therapeutic and Secondary Prophylactic Breast Cancer Vaccines
Authors: Gordon Benjamin , Gadi Vijayakrishna K.
Published: September 2020

Breast cancer affects roughly one in eight women over their lifetime and is a leading cause of cancer-related death in women. While outcomes have improved in recent years, prognosis remains poor for patients who present with either disseminated disease or aggressive molecular subtypes. Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of several cancers, with therapeutic vaccines aiming to direct the cytotoxic immune program against tumor cells showing particular promise. However, these results have yet to translate to breast cancer, which remains largely refractory from such approaches. Recent evidence suggests that the breast tumor microenvironment (TME) is an important and long understudied barrier to the efficacy of therapeutic vaccines. Through an improved understanding of the complex and biologically diverse breast TME, it may be possible to advance new combination strategies to render breast carcinomas sensitive to the effects of therapeutic vaccines. Here, we discuss past and present efforts to advance therapeutic vaccines in the treatment of breast cancer, the molecular mechanisms through which the TME contributes to the failure of such approaches, as well as the potential means through which these can be overcome.
Organization of internal control of the quality and safety of medical activities in the framework of the pilot project of the Federal Service for Surveillance in Healthcare (Roszdravnadzor) in FBHI VDMC FMBA of Russia
Authors: Doronina M.
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of organization of internal quality control in a multidisciplinary medical organization. The author describes the experience of standardization of this activity in accordance with modern requirements of the regulatory framework.
Effectiveness of using naked oat in compound feed for quails
Authors: Shpynova S. , Yadrishchenskaya O. , Selina T. , Basova E.
Published: September 2020

The development of industrial poultry farming requires not only the breeding of new highly productive poultry breeds, but also the development of new rearing technologies and the improvement of standardized nutrition. Currently, in the field of feeding farm animals and poultry an important research area is the search for cheaper non-traditional and affordable feed products that can replace part of the grain in the poultry diet. It is very important to use local raw materials. One of these crops is naked oat, which has the highest energy content, the highest concentration of lysine and methionine among all cereals. The purpose of the researches was to determine the eff ectiveness of using naked oat in compound feed for quails. The results of the influence of complete nutrient-balanced compound feeds with naked oat on zootechnical and economic indicators in the rearing of quails have been presented in the article. It has been found that the live weight of quails in the experimental group has been increased by 3,06 %, while the average daily feed consumption has been increased by 1,83 %. Feed expenditures per 1 kg of live weight gain in the experimental group have been lower by 1,31 % due to the absorption of feed nutrients. According to the results of the balance experiment, the digestibility of raw protein has increased by 1,90, fat by 0,41 %, nitrogen-free extractive substances by 2,77 %. When calculating economic indicators, it has been found that the use of naked oat in compound feed for quails allowed to increase the yield of meat and revenue from its sale by 3,75 %. Despite an increase in the total cost of feed consumed by the experimental group by 2,27 %, the profi t has been received by 9,59 % more. The level of profi tability of quail meat production in the experimental group exceeded the indicator of the control group by 3,40 %.
Essential amino acids and their need by lactating cows
Authors: Ryadchikov V. , Tantawi A.
Published: September 2020

Metabolic protein is the main source of truly absorbed amino acids. The determination of metabolic protein and metabolic acids is an important, but very difficult task. To do this, you need to know the exact number of incoming protein fractions in the small intestine as part of the duodenal fl ow of chymus, their digestibility, the fl ow of metabolism of essential amino acids from the intestine to the bloodstream and the coefficients of their use for milk protein biosynthesis and maintenance of life. The purpose of the research was to determine the need of lactating cows for metabolic essential amino acids by factorial method. During the researches, developed standards needs to metabolic essential amino acids for lactating cows (g/kg) milk with a content of 3,3 % (33 g/kg) crude protein and 3,15 % (31,5 g/kg) of pure protein and to maintain 1 kg/body weight 0,75, which allows to calculate the daily requirement in the absolute number of amino acids (g). The assessment of security of rations of lactating cows metabolic lysine and methionine has been shown coincidence with the norms of needs in the amount of 93 %; daily milk yield of natural milk under this provision of lysine and methionine were 38,7 % and 39,4. The availability of metabolic methionine was at the level of 77-85 %, which is explained by the unprocessed coefficients of transformation of metabolic methionine into pure methionine of milk protein. In the total duodenal fl ow of amino acids approximately 60-70 % is microbial protein and 30-40 % is non-degradable protein in the rumen. It has been found that the digestibility of dry and organic matter in the rumen and the general digestive tract in relation to UDP:DP 35: 65 % crude protein is 2-3 % (absolute) higher than for UDP:DP = 50:50 % crude protein.
Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and SCORE in primary hypertension patients
Authors: Luong Thi Van Trang , Hoang Anh Tien
Published: September 2020

Background: Hypertension is still an important health problem that cause many serious cardiovascular risks. So screening these risks is extremely essential for primary hypertension patients.

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate baPWV and SCORE risk score in primary hypertension patients, then determine the association between baPWV and SCORE as well as conventional atherosclerotic risk factors in screening cardiovascular risk in hypertension patients.

Methods: baPWV and SCORE were measured in a descriptive cross-sectional study in total of 107 primary hypertension patients (43 males and 64 females, age 30 to 74 years).

Results: Analysis demonstrated that baPWV was associated with both Framingham and SCORE risk scores, independently from conventional atherosclerotic risk factors. The receiver-operator characteristic curve demonstrated that a baPWV of 25.06 m/s is useful for discriminating primary hypertension patients with high risk stratification by SCORE. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a baPWV>25,06 m/s is an independent variable for the risk stratification by SCORE.

Conclusion: baPWV that was significantly correlated with SCORE, has potential as a marker of evaluating cardiovascular risk in primary hypertension patients.

Key words: Hypertension, primary hypertension, baPWV and SCORE risk score
Effect of bromhexine on clinical outcomes and mortality in COVID-19 patients: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ansarin Khalil , Tolouian Ramin , Ardalan Mohammadreza , Taghizadieh Ali , Varshochi Mojtaba , Teimouri Soheil , Vaezi Tahere , Valizadeh Hamed , Saleh Parviz , Safiri Saeid , Chapman Kenneth R.
Published: September 2020

Introduction:
Bromhexine is a potential therapeutic option in COVID-19, but no data from a randomized clinical trial has been available. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of bromhexine in intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Methods: An open-label randomized clinical trial study was performed in Tabriz, North-West of Iran. They were randomized to either the treatment with the bromhexine group or the control group, in a 1:1 ratio with 39 patients in each arm. Standard therapy was used in both groups and those patients in the treatment group received oral bromhexine 8 mg three times a day additionally. The primary outcome was a decrease in the rate of ICU admissions, intubation/mechanical ventilation, and mortality. Results: A total of 78 patients with similar demographic and disease characteristics were enrolled. There was a significant reduction in ICU admissions (2 out of 39 vs. 11 out of 39, P = 0.006), intubation (1 out of 39 vs. 9 out of 39, P = 0.007) and death (0 vs. 5, P = 0.027) in the bromhexine treated group compared to the standard group. No patients were withdrawn from the study because of adverse effects. Conclusion: The early administration of oral bromhexine reduces the ICU transfer, intubation, and the mortality rate in patients with COVID-19. This affordable medication can easily be administered everywhere with a huge positive impact(s) on public health and the world economy. Altogether, the verification of our results on a larger scale and different medical centers is strongly recommended. Trial Registration: IRCT202003117046797N4; https://irct.ir/trial/46969.
The role of Hippo signaling pathway in physiological cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Gholipour Majid , Tabrizi Arezoo
Published: September 2020

Introduction:
The role of Hippo signaling pathway, which was identified by genetic studies as a key regulator for tissue growth and organ size, in promoting physiological cardiac hypertrophy has not been investigated. Methods: Fourteen male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the exercise and control groups. The exercise group ran 1 hour per day, 5 days/week, at about 65%-75% VO2max on the motor-driven treadmill with 15º slope, and the control group ran 15 min/d, 2 days/week at 9 m/min (0º inclination), throughout the eight-week experimental period. Forty-eight hours after the last session, hearts were dissected and left ventricles were weighed and stored for subsequent RT-PCR analysis. Results: Despite a significant increase in the MAP4k1 expression levels in the exercise group (P = 0.001), the Mst1 expression was inhibited compared to the control group (P < 0.001) which was followed by suppression of Lats1 expression (P = 0.001). Compared with the control group, significant increases were observed in heart weight/body weight (P = 0.024) and left ventricular weight/body weight (P = 0.034) ratios in the exercise group. The H&E staining confirmed the cardiac hypertrophy that may be partly due to a significant increase in Yap1 expression level compared with the control group (P<0.001), which was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Conclusion: Increased MAP4K1 expression did not influence Lats1 activation. The exercise training protocol suppressed Mst1 and Lats1 (Hippo pathway) and caused an increase in Yap1 expression level, which led to physiological cardiac hypertrophy in healthy rats. Further studies are suggested to apply this exercise protocol for the prevention and/or rehabilitation of cardiovascular disease and health promotion.
Designing a new generation of expression toolkits for engineering of green microalgae; robust production of human interleukin-2
Authors: Dehghani Jaber , Adibkia Khosro , Movafeghi Ali , Pourseif Mohammad M. , Omidi Yadollah
Published: September 2020

Introduction:
Attributable to some critical features especially the similarity of the protein synthesis machinery between humans and microalgae, these microorganisms can be utilized for the expression of many recombinant proteins. However, low and unstable gene expression levels prevent the further development of microalgae biotechnology towards protein production. Methods: Here, we designed a novel "Gained Agrobacterium-2A plasmid for microalgae expression" (named GAME plasmid) for the production of the human interleukin-2 using three model microalgae, including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella vulgaris, and Dunaliella salina. The GAME plasmid harbors a native chimeric hsp70/Int-1/rbcS2 promoter, the microalgae specific Kozak sequence, a novel hybrid 2A peptide, and Int-1 and Int-3 of the rbcS2 gene in its expression cassette. Results: The obtained data confirmed that the GAME plasmid can transform the microalgae with high transformation frequency. Molecular and proteomic analyses revealed the stable and robust production of the hIL-2 by the GAME plasmid in the microalgae. According to the densimetric analysis, the microalgae can accumulate the produced protein about 0.94% of the total soluble protein content. The ELISA data confirmed that the produced hIL-2 possesses the same conformation pattern with the acceptable biological activity found naturally in humans. Conclusion: Most therapeutic proteins need post-translational modifications for their correct conformation, biological function, and half-life. Accordingly, microalgae could be considered as a cost-effective and more powerful platform for the production of a wide range of recombinant proteins such as antibodies, enzymes, hormones, and vaccines.
The Weibull Logistic-exponential Distribution: Its Properties and Applications
Authors: Akata I. U. , Osemwenkhae J. E.
Published: September 2020

In this paper, a new generalized distribution known as Weibull Logistic-Exponential Distribution (WLED) is proposed using the T-R{Y} framework. Several mathematical properties of this new distribution are studied. The maximum likelihood estimation method was used in estimating the parameters of the proposed distribution. Finally, an application of the proposed distribution to a real lifetime data set is presented and its fit was compared with the fit obtained by some comparable lifetime distributions.
FEIERSTEIN, Daniel, El genocidio como práctica social. Entre el nazismo y la experiencia argentina, Fondo Cultura Económica, Bs. As., 2007
Authors: Marinozzi Diego
Published: September 2020

Existe una gran cantidad de trabajos que abordan el estudio de la última dictadura dentro de una perspectiva en la que se compara el caso argentino con otras experiencias traumáticas del siglo XX como fueron el holocausto, los regímenes fascistas europeos y las dictaduras del Cono Sur. En un gran porcentaje, los abordajes comparativos que se han realizado han tomado como eje central el trauma que han dejado estas experiencias. La inefabilidad del período estudiado es lo que hace equiparable a los distintos casos.   El estudio que realiza Daniel Feierstein se encuadra dentro de esta perspectiva de análisis al comparar la dictadura militar argentina (1976-1983) con la dictadura nazi.
ASSESSING STUDENT’S WRITING SKILL BY USING GRAPHS: A CASE AT THE SECOND SEMESTER OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS FACULTY STUDENTS, UNISBANK SEMARANG
Authors: Sumponogati Sarah
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the use of graphs for assessing writing for the studenst of the second semester of economics and business faculty, Unisbank Semarang. The method of this study is a mixed method inasmuch as the data were analyzed both in quantitative and qualitative method. The participants are ten students of the second semester of economics and business faculty, Unisbank Semarang. It reveals that the use of graphs can be effective to improve writing skill. However, the biggest obstacle was found when using this kind of method. That is why it is also important to take a look at the students’ background of knowledge because each student has their own characteristics and ability.

 

Keywords: assessing writing, graphs, paragraph.
PERAN TAMBAHAN PELAJARAN PADA PRESTASI SISWA UNTUK PELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS
Authors: Budiyanti Tri
Published: September 2020

Kurangnya jam pembelajaran/tatap muka kepada siswa menjadi kendala utama yang dihadapi pengajar mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris. Waktu untuk mengembangkan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi menyebabkan kurangnya keterampilan untuk memahaminya menjadi suatu hal yang penting.

Berdasarkan fenomena tersebut, maka studi ini berupaya mengkaji secara empiris mengenai efektifitas tambahan jam dalam meningkatkan keterampilan Bahasa Inggris siswa. Pengumpulan dilakukan dengan mengambil subjek pada siswa kelas kelas XC dan XD tahun ajaran 2016/2017 SMK Negeri 3 Semarang. Pengujian efektifitas dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan Uji independent sample t test.

Hasil studi empiris mengenai pemberian jam pelajaran tambahan pada kelompok siswa kelas XC dan XD tahun ajaran 2016/2017 menghasilkan rerata nilai akhir pada kelompok siswa yang diberi jam pelajaran tambahan lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan rerata nilai akhir kelompok siswa yang tidak diberi jam pelajaran tambahan. Temuan ini menjadi bukti bahwa pemberian jam pelajaran tambahan secara efektif dapat meningkatkan nilai akhir siswa

 

Kata Kunci:    tambahan, efektifitas
SOSIOLOGI GENDER: Poligami Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Muzakki Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Polygamy has been a debate among some scholars of Islam about whether or not to allow it.After investigation, the actual points of that debate can be found in the practice of polygamy that happen in society. Gender activists who disagree and opposed poligamy actually oppose the practice of polygamy that opposes polygamy lies in the practice of polygamy that oppressdespoticalyto women.Hence the verse about the permissibility of polygamy should not be deprived to legalize the satisfication of the sexual libido of mens.Otherwise, thatverse should be placed in the study of sharia law that releases with no disregard the historical aspects of the practice of polygamy which is exemplified by the Prophet.With this perspective, the dimensions of morality in the verse of polygamy become the central point for consideration,because, the law without ethics is a wicked, and ethics without law is justutopia that far from harmonious and desirable social regulation building.Necessarily Muslims, who want to polygamy, not only follow the Sharia law but also followthe regulations of law that applied in Indonesia.Â
IMPLEMENTASI ACTIVE LEARNING DALAM PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA DI SMP NEGERI 1 JANGKAR
Authors: Noer Abd. Aziz
Published: September 2020

Learning process requires a professional teacher is carry out its duties, because to achieve success in the learning process is expect to master learning strategy, learning model and able to manage the class because students are different both in terms of catchment psychology of learning._x000D_ Active learning is a learning model that seeks to make active, creative, effective and enjoyable learning between teachers and students. In using active method of learning is needed expertise, both in terms expertise use of creative methods and classroom management. Because sometimes the reality in field is different from what has been prepared in active application of learning teachers must use multiple methods in accordance with taught material, and conducive management so that students are happy and not bored in receiving lessons._x000D_ Supporting factors and obstacles in improving learning motivation students are the supporting factors of PAI teacher competence, support from school principals both in terms of motivation and available facility as well as support from other teachers, and inhibiting factors lack of parental support for education. The solution to overcome obstacles is to establish good communication with guardian students such as meeting at a certain time for maximizing the school committee and always encourage students with strategies such as active learning that can make the spirit and motivated in learning.
Computational modelling of the heat transfer through two-layer woven
structure ensembles
Authors: RADOSTINA ANGELOVA A. , KYOSOV MIROSLAV , STANKOV PETER
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the heat transfer through a system of two consecutive textile layers with woven macrostructures by numerical simulation, using FLUENT CFD software package. A novel approach for modelling of the textile structure was applied, based on jet systems. The heat transfer through the systems of layers was
studied for indoor conditions, simulating skin and indoor air temperature, as well as the effect of the convective cross flow around the human body. The results of the study showed that the heat transfer through a system of two layers is strongly influenced by the porosity and thickness of the fabrics, as well as their arrangement in the systems as an
insulating barrier between the body and the environment.