bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Field‐Free Spin‐Orbit Torque Driven Perpendicular Magnetization Switching of Ferrimagnetic Layer Based on Noncollinear Antiferromagnetic Spin Source
Authors: Meng Dequan , Chen Shiwei , Ren Chuantong , Li Jiaxu , Lan Guibin , Li Chaozhong , Liu Yong , Su Yurong , Yu Guoqiang , Chai Guozhi , Xiong Rui , Zhao Weisheng , Yang Guang , Liang Shiheng
Published: December 2023

The utilization of novel noncollinear antiferromagnetic materials holds great promise for the development of energy‐efficient spintronic devices. However, only a few studies have reported on the all‐electrical control of perpendicular magnetization switching using noncollinear antiferromagnets as the spin source, and the underlying mechanism behind the unconventional spin‐orbit torque (SOT) is still a topic of debate. In this work, deterministic perpendicular magnetization switching in Mn3Sn/CoTb bilayers is successfully achieved. Compared to the control samples with heavy metal as the spin source, the critical switching current density is over one order of magnitude reduced, indicating an enhanced efficiency of the out‐of‐plane charge‐to‐spin conversion in the textured Mn3Sn films. The influence of film thickness and growth temperature on the efficiency of different spin polarizations suggests potential roles of crystal quality and spin texture in spin diffusion with different spin polarization directions. These findings provide valuable insights into the crystal structure, spin‐orbit torque effects, and charge‐to‐spin conversion in Mn3Sn films, highlighting the importance of understanding interface and bulk contributions in antiferromagnetic spin transport phenomena.
74 µm PEEK‐Reinforced Sulfonated Poly(phenylene sulfone)‐Membrane for Stable Water Electrolysis with Lower Gas Crossover and Lower Resistance than Nafion N115
Authors: Qelibari Regina , Ortiz Edgar Cruz , van Treel Niklas , Lombeck Florian , Schare Clara , Münchinger Andreas , Dumbadze Nodar , Titvinidze Giorgi , Klose Carolin , Vierrath Severin
Published: December 2023

Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) water electrolysis is a crucial technology for green hydrogen production. Hydrocarbon membranes are drawing a lot of attention due to potentially superior properties and the fact that common fluorinated polymers might face a potential ban. This study introduces a sulfonated poly(phenylene sulfone) (sPPS) membrane, reinforced with a poly(ether‐ether‐ketone) (PEEK) mesh. The reinforced membrane induces a drastic increase in dimensional stability, enabling direct anode casting—an essential step toward industrial manufacturing. It further exhibits a significant reduction in water uptake (115% vs 294% for pure sPPS) and a 40% lower H2‐crossover (0.18 mA cm−2) compared to the industry standard N115 (0.31 mA cm−2). Due to the lower thickness (74 vs 127 µm) and higher ion exchange capacity (IEC)(1.92 vs 0.89 mmol g−1), the PEEK‐sPPS membrane displays a substantially lower resistance (70 vs 159 mΩ cm2 for N115). This directly translates into a voltage reduction of ≈90 mV at 1 A cm−2 or ≈180 mV at 2 A cm−2, both typical operating current densities. Finally, PEEK‐sPPS exhibits the longest lifetime shown for hydrocarbon membranes with almost 650 h at 1 A cm−2 and a low degradation rate (80 µV h−1).
Reversible Hydrogen Storage in Solid‐State Reaction Derived Core‐Shell NaBH4@Ni Nanocubes
Authors: Salman Muhammad Saad , Aguey-Zinsou Kondo-Francois
Published: December 2023

The method to synthesize high‐capacity complex hydride nanostructures, such as borohydrides, decorated with metallic shells has surfaced as an attractive approach for enabling reversible hydrogen storage. However, the current solvent‐based synthesis methods of such core‐shell nanostructures are limited by solvents/hydrides compatibility issues and the low solubility of the shell precursor in such solvents. Herein, for the first time, an alternative solid‐state method to prepare core‐shell‐like nanostructures is reported. Simply, by mixing and heating vanadium (V)‐doped sodium borohydride (V‐NaBH4) cores and nickelocene (as nickel precursor) at 150 °C, it is possible to decorate V‐NaBH4 with Ni, which shows an improved hydrogen release (≈8 mass% H2) at 350 °C and a net reversible hydrogen capacity of 2 mass%. Detailed structural investigations reveal that the in‐situ formed VxBy and NixBy are responsible for superior hydrogen absorption in the core‐shell material, where these boride species around the shell/interfaces suppress the loss of Na or B and the formation of B12H12 during hydrogen release/uptake. This work opens solvent‐free pathways to design and control the chemical composition of core–shell (boro)hydrides for practical hydrogen storage.
Cause, severity, and efficacy of treatment for hearing loss in children with Trisomy 18: A single institution‐based retrospective study
Authors: Sato Ririko , Yoshimura Hidekane , Kosho Tomoki , Takumi Yutaka
Published: December 2023

Trisomy 18 is a common chromosomal aberration syndrome, characterized by variable clinical manifestations, including cardiovascular, pulmonary, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal findings, leading to a shorter survival and severe developmental delay in survivors. However, recently, intensive therapeutic intervention has allowed for prolonging survival. In terms of otological complications, only a limited number of relevant reports have been published. To demonstrate the characteristic of hearing loss (HL) in children with Trisomy 18, we retrospectively evaluated 22 patients (44 ears) by comprehensive auditory evaluation with the auditory steady‐state response (ASSR) test and temporal bone computed tomography (CT). ASSR revealed that 20 patients (91%) had bilateral moderate to profound HL, more frequent and severe than that in Trisomy 21; among 42 ears having HL, 12 ears (29%) had conductive HL, and 26 ears (62%) had mixed HL. CT scans of 38 ears revealed that 34 ears (89%) had an external and middle ear malformation. Hearing aids (HA) were fitted in 17 patients (air and bone‐conduction HAs). The threshold hearing with HA was improved in all of them. Accurate otological evaluation using ASSR and CT and intervention by HAs could be a feasible choice for children with Trisomy 18.
SO2ClF‐Promoted Chlorooxidation of Tryptamine Derivatives: Synthesis of 3,3‐Disubstituted Oxindoles
Authors: Zheng Yu , Lu Wenguang , Ma Tianting , Huang Shenlin
Published: December 2023

A series of tryptamine derivatives were transformed into their corresponding 3‐chloro‐2‐oxidation products under simple and mild conditions. This protocol is an operationally simple system that utilizes a single reagent SO2ClF plays a dual role as both oxidant and chloride source and enables the construction of various 3,3‐disubstituted oxindoles with good functional group tolerance. The transformations of the product highlight its potential synthetic applications.
The Design of a Participatory Peptide Nucleic Acid Duplex Crosslinker to Enhance the Stiffness of Self‐Assembled Peptide Gels
Authors: Sarkar Srijani , Anderson Caleb F. , Schneider Joel P.
Published: December 2023

Herein, peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are employed in the design of a participatory duplex PNA‐peptide crosslinking agent. Biophysical and mechanical studies show that crosslinkers present during peptide assembly leading to hydrogelation participate in the formation of fibrils while simultaneously installing crosslinks into the higher‐order network that constitutes the peptide gel. The addition of 2 mol % crosslinker into the assembling system results in a ~100 % increase in mechanical stiffness without affecting the rate of peptide assembly or the local morphology of fibrils within the gel network. Stiffness enhancement is realized by only affecting change in the elastic component of the viscoelastic gel. A synthesis of the PNA‐peptide duplex crosslinkers is provided that allows facile variation in peptide composition and addresses the notorious hydrophobic content of PNAs. This crosslinking system represents a new tool for modulating the mechanical properties of peptide‐based hydrogels.
Co‐aggregation as A Simple Strategy for Preparing Fluorogenic Tetrazine Probes with On‐Demand Fluorogen Selection**
Authors: Segawa Shinsuke , Wu Jiajie , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Wong Terence T. W. , He Xuewen , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: December 2023

Life science has progressed with applications of fluorescent probes—fluorophores linked to functional units responding to biological events. To meet the varied demands across experiments, simple organic reactions to connect fluorophores and functional units have been developed, enabling the on‐demand selection of fluorophore‐functional unit combinations. However, organic synthesis requires professional equipment and skills, standing as a daunting task for life scientists. In this study, we present a simple, fast, and convenient strategy for probe preparation: co‐aggregation of hydrophobic molecules. We focused on tetrazine—a difficult‐to‐prepare yet useful functional unit that provides effective bioorthogonal reactivity and strong fluorogenicity. Simply mixing the tetrazine molecules and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) luminogens in water, co‐aggregation is induced, and the emission of AIE luminogens is quenched. Subsequent click reaction bioorthogonally turns on the emission, identifying these coaggregates as fluorogenic probes. Thanks to this bioorthogonal fluorogenicity, we established a new time‐gated fluorescence bioimaging technique to distinguish overlapping emission signals, enabling multi‐organelle imaging with two same‐color fluorophores. Our study showcases the potential of this co‐aggregation method for the on‐demand preparation of fluorescent probes as well as protocols and molecular design principles in this approach, offering an effective solution to evolving needs in life science research.
Partially Ion‐Paired Solvation Structure Design for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries under Extreme Operating Conditions
Authors: Cai Guorui , Gao Hongpeng , Li Mingqian , Gupta Varun , Holoubek John , Pascal Tod A. , Liu Ping , Chen Zheng
Published: December 2023

Achieving increased energy density under extreme operating conditions remains a major challenge in rechargeable batteries. Herein, we demonstrate an all‐fluorinated ester‐based electrolyte comprising partially fluorinated carboxylate and carbonate esters. This electrolyte exhibits temperature‐resilient physicochemical properties and moderate ion‐paired solvation, leading to a half solvent‐separated and half contact‐ion pair in a sole electrolyte. As a result, facile desolvation and preferential reduction of anions/fluorinated co‐solvents for LiF‐dominated interphases are achieved without compromising ionic conductivity (>1 mS cm−1 even at −40 °C). These advantageous features were found to apply to both lithium metal and sulfur‐based electrodes even under extreme operating conditions, allowing stable cycling of Li || sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) full cells with high SPAN loading (>3.5 mAh cm−2) and thin Li anode (50 μm) at −40, 23 and 50 °C. This work offers a promising path for designing temperature‐resilient electrolytes to support high energy density Li metal batteries operating in extreme conditions.
The role and mechanism of temporary blocked isocyanate at interface between polyethylene terephthalate high‐strength fibers and activation oil
Authors: Zheng Xiong , Shi Qiang , Zhang Xuzhen , Huang Wenjian , Zhang Zhou , Ding Bona
Published: December 2023

In this paper, activation oil added with temporary blocked isocyanate was chosen to enhance interfacial adhesion in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) high‐strength fibers reinforced rubber via one‐step dipping method, in which the temporary blocked isocyanate could be activated during vulcanization process of rubber. The effect of isocyanate in enhancing adhesion between PET high‐strength fibers and rubber was explored. The amount of residual resorcinol formaldehyde latex on the surface of fibers and H‐extraction force of PET high‐strength fibers reinforced rubber are both obviously increased with 5% activation oil addition especially containing 2% isocyanate. After peeling fibers from composite rubber, the amount of residual rubber on the surface of fibers with activation oil is increased, which is even higher when further adding temporary blocked isocyanate. Based on the results of infrared spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance carbon spectra, the added isocyanate is confirmed to bond with the PET component most likely through reacting with the terminal hydroxyl groups on the surface of PET fibers. This interface reinforcement strategy based on one‐step dipping method will contribute to studies on PET high‐strength fibers reinforced rubber.
A Linear Two‐Coordinate Cr(II) Complex: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity
Authors: Hsiao Kai‐Chin , Yang Po‐Chun , Fang Chia‐Te , Liu Hsin‐Kuan , Lin Chun‐Yi
Published: December 2023

The synthesis and characterization of a linear two‐coordinate Cr(II) amido complex, Cr{N(tBu)Dipp}2 (Dipp=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl), from the reaction of 1 molar equivalent (equiv) of CrCl2 and 2 equiv. of LiN(tBu)Dipp is reported. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffractometry (SC‐XRD) analysis revealed that it has a short Cr−N bond distance of 1.8878(9) Å, which could be attributed to the relatively less bulky nature of the amido ligand compared with reported systems. Furthermore, the oxidation reaction of the two‐coordinate Cr(II) complex was explored. The oxidation reaction of Cr{N(tBu)Dipp}2 with the one‐electron oxidants AgOTf and [FeCp2][BArF4] (BArF4−=[B{C6H3−3,5‐(CF3)2}4]−) afforded the trigonal planar three‐ and bent two‐coordinate Cr(III) complexes Cr{N(tBu)Dipp}2(OTf) and [Cr{N(tBu)Dipp}2][BArF4], respectively. The reaction of Cr{N(tBu)Dipp}2 with 1 equiv. of the organic azides AdN3 (Ad=1‐adamantyl) and PhN3 afforded the three‐coordinate Cr(IV) imido complexes Cr{N(tBu)Dipp}2(NAd) and Cr{N(tBu)Dipp}2(NPh), respectively. The reaction of Cr{N(tBu)Dipp}2 and two equiv. of Me3NO afforded the Cr(VI) dioxo complex Cr{N(tBu)Dipp}2(O)2. The reaction of Cr{N(tBu)Dipp}2 with 1 equiv. of CyN=C=NCy resulted in the insertion of the carbodiimide into the Cr−N bond, with the formation of a three‐coordinate Cr(II) complex. Finally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to elucidate the electronic structure of these complexes.
Impact of Formulation and Slurry Properties on Lithium‐ion Electrode Manufacturing
Authors: Reynolds Carl , Faraji Niri Mona , Hidalgo Marc Francis , Heymer Robert , Román Luis , Alsofi Giar , Khanom Halima , Pye Ben , Marco James , Kendrick Emma
Published: December 2023

The characteristics and performance of lithium‐ion batteries typically rely on the precise combination of materials in their component electrodes. Understanding the impact of this formulation and the interdependencies between each component is critical in optimising cell performance. Such optimisation is difficult as the cost and effort for the myriad of possible combinations is too high. This problem is addressed by combining a design of experiments (DoE) and advanced statistical machine learning approach with comprehensive experimental characterisation of electrode slurries and coatings. An industry relevant graphite anode system is used, and with the aid of DoE, less than 30 experiments are defined to map impact of different weight fractions of active material (80–96 wt%), conductive additive (Carbon Black at 1–10 wt%) and a two‐component binder system (Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) at 1–3 wt% and Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR), at 1–7 wt%). Using Explainable Machine Learning (XML) methods, correlations between the formulation, slurry weight percentage (30–50 wt% in water) and coating speed (1–15 m/min) are quantified. Slurry viscosity, while known to depend on the CMC concentration, is also heavily influenced by carbon black and SBR when at high concentration, as is common in research. Viscosity increasing components also improve adhesion, by improving dispersion and hindering binder migration. Conductivity of the coating on current collector is sensitive to the current collector‐coating interface, which makes it a highly useful probe. Improvements in cell capacity are observed with higher viscosity formulations (High weight percentage, CMC content), attributed to reduction in migration and slumping of the slurry on the current collector. SBR had a negative impact at any concentration due to its insulating nature, and carbon black reduces gravimetric capacity when included at high concentrations. The insights from this study facilitate the formulation optimisation of electrodes providing improved slurry design rules for future high performance electrode manufacturing.
Diversity and functional specialization of H3K9‐specific histone methyltransferases
Authors: Koryakov Dmitry E.
Published: December 2023

Histone modifications play a critical role in the control over activities of the eukaryotic genome; among these chemical alterations, the methylation of lysine K9 in histone H3 (H3K9) is one of the most extensively studied. The number of enzymes capable of methylating H3K9 varies greatly across different organisms: in fission yeast, only one such methyltransferase is present, whereas in mammals, 10 are known. If there are several such enzymes, each of them must have some specific function, and they can interact with one another. Thus arises a complex system of interchangeability, “division of labor,” and contacts with each other and with diverse proteins. Histone methyltransferases specialize in the number of methyl groups that they attach and have different intracellular localizations as well as different distributions on chromosomes. Each also shows distinct binding to different types of sequences and has a specific set of nonhistone substrates.
Robust incorporation of historical information with known type I error rate inflation
Authors: Calderazzo Silvia , Wiesenfarth Manuel , Kopp‐Schneider Annette
Published: December 2023

Bayesian clinical trials can benefit from available historical information through the specification of informative prior distributions. Concerns are however often raised about the potential for prior‐data conflict and the impact of Bayes test decisions on frequentist operating characteristics, with particular attention being assigned to inflation of type I error (TIE) rates. This motivates the development of principled borrowing mechanisms, that strike a balance between frequentist and Bayesian decisions. Ideally, the trust assigned to historical information defines the degree of robustness to prior‐data conflict one is willing to sacrifice. However, such relationship is often not directly available when explicitly considering inflation of TIE rates. We build on available literature relating frequentist and Bayesian test decisions, and investigate a rationale for inflation of TIE rate which explicitly and linearly relates the amount of borrowing and the amount of TIE rate inflation in one‐arm studies. A novel dynamic borrowing mechanism tailored to hypothesis testing is additionally proposed. We show that, while dynamic borrowing prevents the possibility to obtain a simple closed‐form TIE rate computation, an explicit upper bound can still be enforced. Connections with the robust mixture prior approach, particularly in relation to the choice of the mixture weight and robust component, are made. Simulations are performed to show the properties of the approach for normal and binomial outcomes, and an exemplary application is demonstrated in a case study.
Immunogenicity of an adjuvanted broadly active influenza vaccine in immunocompromised and diverse populations
Authors: Hendy Dylan A. , Pena Erik S. , Ontiveros‐Padilla Luis , Dixon Timothy A. , Middleton Denzel D. , Williamson Grace L. , Lukesh Nicole Rose , Simpson Sean R. , Stiepel Rebeca T. , Islam Md Jahirul , Carlock Michael A. , Ross Ted M. , Bachelder Eric M. , Ainslie Kristy M.
Published: December 2023

Influenza virus outbreaks are a major burden worldwide each year. Current vaccination strategies are inadequate due to antigenic drift/shift of the virus and the elicitation of low immune responses. The use of computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) hemagglutinin (HA) immunogens subvert the constantly mutating viruses; however, they are poorly immunogenic on their own. To increase the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines such as this, adjuvants can be delivered with the vaccine. For example, agonists of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) have proven efficacy as vaccine adjuvants. However, their use in high‐risk populations most vulnerable to influenza virus infection has not been closely examined. Here, we utilize a vaccine platform consisting of acetalated dextran microparticles loaded with COBRA HA and the STING agonist cyclic GMP‐AMP. We examine the immunogenicity of this platform in mouse models of obesity, aging, and chemotherapy‐induced immunosuppression. Further, we examine vaccine efficacy in collaborative cross mice, a genetically diverse population that mimics human genetic heterogeneity. Overall, this vaccine platform had variable efficacy in these populations supporting work to better tailor adjuvants to specific populations.
The development of the Psychotherapists' Supervision Preferences Questionnaire—Derived from the Proctor Model
Authors: Fagernäs Simon , Spännargård Åsa , Alfonsson Sven
Published: December 2023

Background

The Proctor Model describes three core functions of clinical supervision: formative, restorative and normative. While having high face validity as a tool for measuring supervision preferences that can facilitate the formulation of the supervision contract, its construct validity is unclear, and the literature suggests a more all‐encompassing model by including a reflective component.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the construct validity of the Proctor Model and use these results to develop a short instrument that can facilitate the formulation of the supervision contract.

Method

Through a literature review and expert discussions, a 28‐item inventory was created. After pilot‐testing and revisions, the inventory was administered to 204 psychotherapists. These data were analysed with factor analysis, leading to a revised version that was enrolled in a second sample of 125 psychotherapists.

Results

Factor analysis of the first sample suggested a five‐factor solution as the formative function consisted of two separate constructs: conceptual (receiving role of the therapist and theoretical focus) and experiential (active role of the therapist, skill‐based and feedback‐oriented). The restorative function composed of sharing thoughts and feelings and being validated and recognised. Pre‐theorised restorative items describe an active handling of distressing feelings loaded on the reflective function. Analysis of the second sample confirmed the suggested five‐factor structure and gave support for overall replicated psychometric properties. Regression and correlation analyses showed preliminary evidence for convergent and divergent validity.

Conclusion

The results provide a more nuanced understanding of the Proctor Model and provide the field with a psychometrically sound instrument for the formulation of the supervision contract.
Microbial Biomanufacturing Using Chemically Synthesized Non‐Natural Sugars as the Substrate
Authors: Tabata Hiro , Nishijima Hiroaki , Yamada Yuki , Miyake Rika , Yamamoto Keisuke , Kato Souichiro , Nakanishi Shuji
Published: December 2023

The bioproduction of valuable materials using biomass sugars is attracting attention as an environmentally friendly technology. However, its ability to fulfil the enormous demand to produce fuels and chemical products is limited. With a view towards the future development of a novel bioproduction process that addresses these concerns, this study investigated the feasibility of bioproduction of valuable substances using Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum) with a chemically synthesized non‐natural sugar solution. Cells were grown using the synthesized sugar solution as the sole carbon source and they produced lactate under oxygen‐limited conditions. It was also found that some of the sugars produced by the series of chemical reactions inhibited cell growth since prior removal of these sugars increased the cell growth rate. The results obtained in this study indicate that chemically synthesized sugars have the potential to resolve the concerns regarding future biomass sugar supply in microbial biomanufacturing.
Manganese(I) Catalyzed CO2 Reduction Processes in Homogenous Phase
Authors: Kostera Sylwia , Gonsalvi Luca
Published: December 2023

The catalytic activation of carbon dioxide (CO2) can be a promising tool for the use of this abundant, non‐flammable and non‐toxic gas as feedstock for C1 chemical synthesis, in particular for bulk products such as formic acid (HCOOH) and methanol (CH3OH). The key for successful, widespread use of CO2 is the design and application of efficient, thermally robust and cheap catalysts. In the last decade, the use of earth‐abundant transition metal complexes, in particular those of 3d metals, has shown promising results. In this review article, a comprehensive summary of the main catalytic systems described in the literature for homogeneous Mn(I)‐catalyzed CO2 reduction processes (hydrogenation, hydroboration and hydrosilylation) will be described, with particular attention to the effect of stabilizing ligands, reaction conditions and need for additives, together with mechanistic details often obtained by a combination of experimental data and DFT calculations.
Synthesis and dark state EPR properties of PDI‐trityl dyads and triads
Authors: Kopp Kevin , Westhofen Lars , Hett Tobias , Felix Schwering‐Sohnrey Merlin , Mayländer Maximilian , Richert Sabine , Schiemann Olav
Published: December 2023

Covalently‐linked chromophore‐radical systems with their unique optical and magnetic properties are useful for applications in, e. g., quantum information science. To expand the catalog of molecular systems, we synthesized and characterized six novel chromophore–radical and radical‐chromophore‐radical systems employing derivatives of perylene diimide (PDI) as the chromophore and trityl as the radical. The EPR properties of these compounds were evaluated in solution at cryogenic and room temperatures. In addition, the electron spin‐spin coupling in the two bistrityl systems was investigated using DQC measurements. The presented results serve as a basis for further spectroscopic investigations under photoexcitation of the PDI core.
Der Nationale Wasserstoffrat der deutschen Bundesregierung
Authors: Maletzko Annabelle , Wurster Sebastian , Pinkwart Karsten
Published: December 2023

Für die Erreichung der ambitionierten Klimaziele ist der Übergang von fossilen Energieträgern zu erneuerbaren Ressourcen entscheidend. Wasserstoff spielt dabei eine zentrale Rolle. Die deutsche Bundesregierung hat im Juni 2020 die Nationale Wasserstoffstrategie verabschiedet und den Nationalen Wasserstoffrat berufen. Der Rat besteht aus 26 hochrangigen Experten aus Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Zivilgesellschaft. Seine Aufgabe ist es, den Staatssekretärsausschuss für Wasserstoff durch Vorschläge und Handlungsempfehlungen bei der Umsetzung und Weiterentwicklung der Strategie zu beraten und zu unterstützen.
Risk of Toxicity From Topical 5‐Fluorouracil Treatment in Patients Carrying DPYD Variant Alleles
Authors: Granados Javier , Pasternak Amy L. , Henry N. Lynn , Sahai Vaibhav , Hertz Daniel L.
Published: December 2023

Patients carrying DPYD variant alleles have increased risk of severe toxicity from systemic fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy. There is a paucity of data regarding risk of toxicity from topical 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) treatment in these patients, leading to inconsistent guideline recommendations for pretreatment testing and topical 5‐FU dosing. The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate whether DPYD variant allele carriers have increased risk of toxicity from topical 5‐FU. Treatment and toxicity data were retrospectively abstracted from the electronic medical records. Genotypes for the five DPYD variants that are associated with increased toxicity from systemic fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy (DPYD*2A, DPYD*13, DPYD p.D949V, DPYD HapB3, and DPYD p.Y186C) were collected from a genetic data repository. Incidence of grade 3+ (primary end point) and 1+ (secondary end point) toxicity was compared between DPYD variant carriers vs. wild‐type patients using Fisher's exact tests. The analysis included 201 patients, 7% (14/201) of whom carried a single DPYD variant allele. No patients carried two variant alleles or experienced grade 3+ toxicity. DPYD variant allele carriers did not have a significantly higher risk of grade 1+ toxicity (21.4% vs. 10.2%, odds ratio = 2.40, 95% confidence interval: 0.10–2.53, P = 0.19). Given the low toxicity risk in patients carrying a single DPYD variant allele, there is limited potential clinical benefit of DPYD genetic testing prior to topical 5‐FU. However, the risk of severe toxicity in patients with complete DPD deficiency remains unknown and topical 5‐FU treatment should be avoided in these patients.
Chemical and photophysical properties of amine functionalized bis‐NHC‐pyridine‐RuII complexes
Authors: Fritsch Lorena , Vukadinovic Yannik , Lang Moritz , Naumann Robert , Bertrams Maria‐Sophie , Kruse Ayla , Schoch Roland , Müller Patrick , Neuba Adam , Dierks Philipp , Lochbrunner Stefan , Kerzig Christoph , Heinze Katja , Bauer Matthias
Published: December 2023

The effects of backbone amine functionalization in three new homoleptic C^N^C type ruthenium(II) complexes bearing a tridentate bis‐imidazole‐2‐ylidene pyridine ligand framework are characterized and studied by single crystal diffraction, electrochemistry, optical spectroscopy and transient absorption spectroscopy in combination with ab initio DFT calculations. Functionalization by dimethylamine groups in 4‐position of the pyridine backbone significantly influences the properties of the complexes as revealed by comparison with the unfunctionalized references. As a result of the amine functionalization, a higher molar absorption coefficient of the MLCT bands, a decreased photoluminescence quantum yield at room temperature together with a shortened excited state lifetime but an improved photostability is observed. Introduction of electron donating and withdrawing groups at the NHC unit modifies the electronic and optical properties, such as the oxidation potential, absorption and emission properties, and the lifetimes of the excited states.
Decoding the rhabdoid riddle in liver: A rare case of primary hepatic malignant rhabdoid tumor with a comprehensive literature review
Authors: Kerkar Aadya , Gupta Parikshaa , Azeez Ajmeera , Bhatia Anmol , Gupta Nalini , Bansal Deepak
Published: December 2023

Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the liver is a rare, highly aggressive primary hepatic malignancy occurring primarily in infants. Establishing a definitive diagnosis is challenging due to its rarity, non‐specific clinicoradiologic findings, and overlapping morphologic features. Herein, we present the cytomorphologic and immunocytochemical characteristics of a rare case of primary hepatic Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) in an infant. A 5‐month‐old female child presented with progressively increasing firm mass in the upper abdomen, progressive pallor, sudden onset respiratory distress, and difficulty feeding. On examination, the child had massive, firm nodular hepatomegaly. Ultrasonography of the abdomen revealed a heterogeneously hypoechoic lesion in the left lobe of the liver. Serum alpha‐fetoprotein levels were within normal limits. An ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from the liver mass showed predominantly dispersed large, markedly pleomorphic tumor cells with round to oval eccentrically placed nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and moderate cytoplasm. On immunocytochemistry, tumor cells showed positivity for vimentin, cytokeratin, and EMA and demonstrated a loss of INI1, confirming the diagnosis of MRT. The index report highlights the distinctive clinicopathological features of a hepatic malignant rhabdoid tumor along with the key differential diagnoses, which may pose a diagnostic conundrum. A high index of clinical suspicion and a thorough understanding of its cytomorphological and immunochemical characteristics are crucial for an accurate diagnosis.
Flow dynamics as Froude‐supercritical turbidity currents encounter metre‐scale slope minibasin topography
Authors: Englert Rebecca G. , Hubbard Stephen M. , Romans Brian W. , Kaempfe Sebastian , Bell Daniel , Nesbit Paul R. , Stright Lisa
Published: December 2023

Seafloor topography can affect turbidity current dynamics on deep‐water slopes, significantly influencing the dispersal of sediment. Despite the common occurrence of topographic complexity, there are few detailed investigations of topographic interactions and their effect on downslope flow evolution in intraslope environments. In this study, the sedimentology and architecture of an Upper Cretaceous intraslope fan succession deposited within an extensional, fault‐bound minibasin are described from a rare, well‐exposed, near‐continuous, oblique depositional‐dip outcrop of the Tres Pasos Formation, Chile. The 2 to 8 m thick studied interval transitions downslope from high‐energy heterolithic strata, including metre‐scale steep‐faced scours, to non‐amalgamated thick‐bedded sandstones. Abrupt increases in sandstone percentage, sandstone bed thickness and grain size occur on the hangingwall blocks of south‐east and north‐east‐dipping normal faults that bound the minibasin. Sandstone beds are dominated by backset or wavy low‐angle stratification proximally, contain compositional banding near faults, and are characterised by increased proportions of planar laminated and structureless turbidite divisions downslope along the transect. Experimental observations of turbidity current interactions with topography are synthesised into a qualitative framework, which is used to interpret flow processes and characteristics from deposit trends. The results reconstruct the response of Froude‐supercritical, stratified turbidity currents with denser basal layers when encountering metre‐scale fault scarps. The analysis shows that metre‐scale topographic features can substantially alter the flow properties of stratified turbidity currents, and their downslope flow evolution to include the development of transitional, depositional and flow‐stripped sediment gravity currents. However, in comparison to base‐of‐slope settings, overall flow conditions are interpreted to be more uniform over slope breaks and zones of flow expansion in a partially confined intraslope environment. These findings have considerable implications for understanding flow response to similar scale morphological features on the seafloor and the potential for flow transformations in intraslope settings.
Electrothermal model of all‐solid‐state lithium battery with composite solid‐state electrolyte
Authors: Liu Zhao , Peng Shang , Xiaokaiti Pairuzha , Zhang Juan , You Hongxin , Abudula Abuliti , Guan Guoqing
Published: December 2023

For secondary batteries, thermal runaway has become the main issue, and how to solve it is full of challenges. In this work, a universal thermal model for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) was proposed, which was validated by using commercially available 18650 batteries as well as testing the electrochemical parameters of a Poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)–bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt(LiTFSI)–Li2MnO3(LMO) (PLL) composite solid‐state electrolyte (CSSE), while a computational model was developed for all‐solid‐state LIBs (ASSLIBs) based on PLL CSSE. The simulation results show that the maximum temperature of ASSLIBs based on PLL CSSE and commercial standards are both significantly lower than the thermal runaway temperature of solid‐state electrolyte. However, as the temperature of the battery varies greatly under different operating conditions, it will cause great difficulties in the control of other ancillary components and even finally lead to certain safety issues. Therefore, from the perspective of performance and practical application, the CSSE should be improved toward improving the ionic conductivity at low temperatures to have more commercial prospects, and lower interfacial impedance and a higher lithium ion migration number would also be beneficial for optimizing the thermal behavior of ASSLIBs to achieve better commercial prospects.
Guideline implementation, drug sequencing, and quality of care in heart failure: design and rationale of TITRATE‐HF
Authors: Clephas Pascal R. D. , Malgie Jishnu , Schaap Jeroen , Koudstaal Stefan , Emans Mireille , Linssen Gerard C. M. , de Boer Grytsje A. , van Heerebeek Loek , Borleffs C. Jan Willem , Manintveld Olivier C. , van Empel Vanessa , van Wijk Sandra , van den Heuvel Mieke , da Fonseca Carlos , Damman Kevin , van Ramshorst Jan , van Kimmenade Roland , van de Ven Arjen R. T. , Tio René A. , van Veghel Dennis , Asselbergs Folkert W. , de Boer Rudolf A. , van der Meer Peter , Greene Stephen J. , Brunner‐La Rocca Hans‐Peter , Brugts Jasper J.
Published: December 2023

Aims

Current heart failure (HF) guidelines recommend to prescribe four drug classes in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). A clear challenge exists to adequately implement guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) regarding the sequencing of drugs and timely reaching target dose. It is largely unknown how the paradigm shift from a serial and sequential approach for drug therapy to early parallel application of the four drug classes will be executed in daily clinical practice, as well as the reason clinicians may not adhere to new guidelines. We present the design and rationale for the real‐world TITRATE‐HF study, which aims to assess sequencing strategies for GDMT initiation, dose titration patterns (order and speed), intolerance for GDMT, barriers for implementation, and long‐term outcomes in patients with de novo, chronic, and worsening HF.

Methods and results

A total of 4000 patients with HFrEF, HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction, and HF with improved ejection fraction will be enrolled in >40 Dutch centres with a follow‐up of at least 3 years. Data collection will include demographics, physical examination and vital parameters, electrocardiogram, laboratory measurements, echocardiogram, medication, and quality of life. Detailed information on titration steps will be collected for the four GDMT drug classes. Information will include date, primary reason for change, and potential intolerances. The primary clinical endpoints are HF‐related hospitalizations, HF‐related urgent visits with a need for intravenous diuretics, all‐cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality.

Conclusions

TITRATE‐HF is a real‐world multicentre longitudinal registry that will provide unique information on contemporary GDMT implementation, sequencing strategies (order and speed), and prognosis in de novo, worsening, and chronic HF patients.
Risk of readmission and death after hospitalization for worsening heart failure: Role of post‐discharge follow‐up visits in a real‐world study from the Grand Est Region of France
Authors: Baudry Guillaume , Pereira Ouarda , Duarte Kévin , Ferreira João Pedro , Savarese Gianluigi , Welter Adeline , Tangre Philippe , Lamiral Zohra , Agrinier Nelly , Girerd Nicolas
Published: December 2023

Aims

Patients who experience hospitalizations due to heart failure (HF) face a significant risk of readmission and mortality. Our objective was to evaluate whether the risk of hospitalization and mortality following discharge from HF hospitalization differed based on adherence to the outpatient follow‐up (FU) protocol comprising an appointment with a general practitioner (GP) within 15 days, a cardiologist within 2 months or both (termed combined FU).

Methods and results

We studied all adults admitted for a first HF hospitalization from 2016 to 2020 in France's Grand Est region. Association between adherence to outpatient FU and outcomes were assessed with time‐dependent survival analysis model. Among 67 476 admitted patients (mean age 80.3 ± 11.3 years, 53% women), 62 156 patients (92.2%) were discharged alive and followed for 723 (317–1276) days. Combined FU within 2 months was used in 21.1% of patients, with lower rates among >85 years, women, and those with higher comorbidity levels (p < 0.0001 for all). Combined FU was associated with a lower 1‐year death or rehospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88–0.94, p < 0.0001) mostly related to lower mortality (adjusted HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.62–0.68, p < 0.0001) whereas HF readmission was higher (adjusted HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.15–1.24, p < 0.0001). When analysing components of combined FU separately, 1‐year mortality was more related to cardiologist FU (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.62–0.67, p < 0.0001), than GP FU (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.85–0.90, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Combined FU is carried out in a minority of patients following HF hospitalization, yet it is linked to a substantial reduction in 1‐year mortality, albeit at the expense of an increase in HF hospitalizations.
Pyrazolyldiazonium Salts in the Synthesis of 4‐Amino‐1,3’‐bipyrazoles
Authors: Barabash Oksana V. , Ostapiuk Yurii V. , Ostapiuk Mary Y. , Herzberger Colin , Kravets Mykola , Schmidt Andreas
Published: December 2023

An efficient protocol for the synthesis of fluorescent 4‐amino‐1,3′‐bipyrazoles, which are substituted at the positions N‐1′, C‐4′, C‐3 and C‐5, is described. By a two‐step synthetic strategy, an initial azo coupling of ethyl cyanoacetate and various 1‐alkylpyrazolyldiazonium chlorides gave substituted ethyl 2‐cyano‐2‐(2‐(pyrazol‐3‐yl)hydrazine‐ylidene)acetates, which were subsequently subjected to Thorpe‐Ziegler type cyclisation reactions to yield the title compounds.
Equivalent static methods for seismic design of straight integral abutment bridges
Authors: Marchi Andrea , Franchin Paolo
Published: December 2023

Integral abutment bridges (IABs) are becoming the solution of choice in the low to mid‐length ranges because of their low cost compared with traditional solutions and their good performance under seismic actions. The main drawback of these bridges is the need to consider soil‐structure interaction to assess their performance, a problem that is more pronounced for actions implying horizontal deck movements, such as temperature or the specific focus of this paper, that is, seismic action. In IAB design, simplified models are often used, where soil‐structure interaction is modeled by means of beams on non‐linear Winkler springs for the evaluation of seismic behavior. This paper, starting from an existing non‐linear dynamic model (NLDM) that describes IABs longitudinal seismic response, derives two equivalent static models: one non‐linear and the other linear, for displacement‐ or force‐based design respectively. A parametric study is carried out to assess the static models performance in terms of the main design internal actions versus the NLDM. Finally, the assessed model errors are discussed in the context of partial factors safety format.
Thermal stability of film forming amines‐based corrosion inhibitors in high temperature power plant water solutions
Authors: Vidojkovic Sonja , Mijajlovic Miroslav , Lindeboom Ralph E. F. , Jovicic Vojislav
Published: December 2023

Film forming amines (FFA) are corrosion inhibitors added to power plant water. The major concern associated with their application is the thermal stability in the high temperature power plant water medium, along with the risk of decomposition into low molecular weight organic acids that can cause corrosive damages in the water/steam cycle. However, there is still a lack of sufficient data on the thermal stability of FFA corrosion inhibitors. This paper presents a comprehensive critical review and state‐of‐the‐art assessment of the results obtained from studying the thermolysis of FFA corrosion inhibitors in power plant water/steam cycle conditions, highlighting the relevance for practical application and research needs. Temperature, exposure time, initial concentration, and alkalizing agents were identified as key factors influencing the thermal stability of FFA in high temperature power plant water. Organic acids are found in concentrations harmless to metal tubes. Advanced scientific background information and additional research are required on this topic.
Effects of tide induced dynamics on surface transport properties
Authors: Gomez-Navarro Laura , Sebille Erik Van , MÁRQUEZ Verónica MORALES , Hernandez-Carrasco Ismael , Albert Aurelie , Ubelmann Clement , Sommer Julien Le , Molines Jean-Marc , Brodeau Laurent
Published: December 2023

Understanding the pathways of floating material at the surface ocean is
important to improve our knowledge on surface circulation and for its
ecological and environmental impacts. Virtual particle simulations are a
common method to simulate the dispersion of floating material. To advect
the particles, ocean models’ velocities are usually used, but only
recent ones include tidal forcing. Our research question is: What is the
effect of tidal forcing on virtual particle dispersion and accumulation
at the ocean surface? As inputs we use velocity outputs from eNATL60, a
twin simulation with and without tidal forcing. We focus on the Açores
Islands region and we find: 1) Surface particles have a larger
displacement, but a lower distance travelled with than without tidal
forcing 2) Surface accumulation seasonal differences depend on the
spatial scale of the ocean structures 3) A greater variability in
surface accumulation is present with tidal forcing.
Advances in the treatment of atherosclerosis with ligand‐modified nanocarriers
Authors: Deng Xiujiao , Wang Jinghao , Yu Shanshan , Tan Suiyi , Yu Tingting , Xu Qiaxin , Chen Nenghua , Zhang Siqi , Zhang Ming‐Rong , Hu Kuan , Xiao Zeyu
Published: December 2023

Atherosclerosis, a chronic disease associated with metabolism, poses a significant risk to human well‐being. Currently, existing treatments for atherosclerosis lack sufficient efficiency, while the utilization of surface‐modified nanoparticles holds the potential to deliver highly effective therapeutic outcomes. These nanoparticles can target and bind to specific receptors that are abnormally over‐expressed in atherosclerotic conditions. This paper reviews recent research (2018–present) advances in various ligand‐modified nanoparticle systems targeting atherosclerosis by specifically targeting signature molecules in the hope of precise treatment at the molecular level and concludes with a discussion of the challenges and prospects in this field. The intention of this review is to inspire novel concepts for the design and advancement of targeted nanomedicines tailored specifically for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Assessment, creativity and learning: A personal perspective
Authors: Hickman Richard
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a personal view (a view coloured by my cultural environment and upbringing) of young people's education. I look in particular at assessment practices and detail my understanding of the nature of learning, focusing on creativity and the tensions associated with schooling and creative behaviour. Drawing upon and developing my earlier work in the light of further research and experience, I give an overview of assessment practices and approaches to teaching and learning and argue for a learner‐centred approach with a focus on practical work and an environment that promotes creative problem‐solving across the whole curriculum. A pedagogical strategy is presented that is based on four areas of activity: reacting, researching, responding, and reflecting.