bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cagoactev Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Munchausen Syndrome Pada Anak Korban Perceraian
Authors: Lubis Hairani , Aprilia Nadia , Ompusunggu Meilani Marinda , Karunia Ade
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas metode menulis cagoactev terhadap penurunan tingkat stres dan peningkatan regulasi diri sebagai upaya pencegahan menderita munchausen syn-drome pada anak korban perceraian. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 30 orang dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan one group pretest posttest design. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 30 mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik yang orang tuanya telag bercerai. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan skala regulasi diri dan depression anxiety stress scale. Teknik Analisa data menggunaka uji paired sample t test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subjek yang menulis menggunakan cagoactev mengalami peningkatan regulasi diri dengan t = -7.767 dan p = 0.000 dan penurunan tingkat stress dengan t = 6.085 dan sig = 0.000 pada anak korban perceraian
Color Theraphy: Red Lipstick Meningkatkan Self Acceptence Mahasiswa Dalam Menghadapi Beauty Norms
Authors: Fernanda Risma , Ramadhani Maya Rizky , Aprillia Bella Nadia , Putri Elda Trialisa
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan tingkat self acceptance mahasiswi FISIPOL Unmul setelah diberi metode color therapy dengan media lipstick merah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif eksperimen dan desain yang digunakan adalah Static Group Comparison. Static Group Comparison merupakan desain eksperimen yang memberikan perlakuan hanya kepada satu kelompok. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 15 orang kelompok eksperimen. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji analisis regresi linear berganda dengan bantuan program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 23.0 for Windows. Berdasarkan hasil uji paired t test diperoleh hasil: (1) tidak ada perbedaan self acceptance mahasiswi FISIPOL unmul setelah diberi color therapy red lisptick yang ditunjukan dengan hasil pre test-post test kelompok eksperimen, dengan t hitung = -0,180 (< t tabel = 2,145) dan 𝑝 = 0,860 (𝑝> 0.05). Dan hasil post test-follow up, t hitung = -0,327 (< t tabel = 2,145) dan 𝑝 = 0,748 (𝑝> 0.05); (2) tidak ada perbedaan self acceptance mahasiswi FISIPOL Unmul setelah diberikan materi tentang self acceptance dan beauty norms yang ditunjukan dengan hasil pre test- post test kelompok kontrol, dengan t hitung = 2.033 (< t tabel = 2,145) dan 𝑝 = 0,061 (𝑝> 0.05). Dan hasil post test-follow up t hitung = -1.047 (< t tabel = 2,145) dan 𝑝 = 0,313 (𝑝> 0.05).
MENGKAJI PENANGAN KASUS ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Muniroh
Published: August 2019

Setiap anak memiliki permasalahan yang berbeda-bada dan sangat kompleks. Permasalahan tersebut biasa mengakibatkan perubahan kepribadian anak yang cenderung menjadi lebih agresif, pendiam/pemurung, periang/suka humor dan lain-lain. Anak hiperaktif biasanya paling sulit diatur karena cenderung ugal-ugalan. Dia lebih suka aktivitas fisik yang tidak terkontrol
Strategi Pemasaran untuk Penjualan Barang dan Jasa
Authors: Darda Ahmad
Published: August 2019

Manajemen pemasaran adalah suatu proses perencanaan dan pelaksanaan dari perwujudan serta pemberian harga, promosi dan distribusi dari barang-barang, jasa dan gagasan untuk menciptakan pertukaran dengan kelompok sasaran yang memenuhi tujuan pelayanan organisasi. Kegiatan suatu manajemen pemasaran akan relatif lebih sulit dan sangat vital bagi perusahaan. Hal ini disebabkan karena pada dasarnya semua aktivitas dan prestasi perusahaan bermuara pada bidang pemasaran. Misalnya kemampuan untuk berproduksi akan ditentukan produk apa yang harus dihasilkan yang dapat diterima dipasar atau tidak. Untuk mengantisipasi hal tersebut maka bidanmg pemasaran berperan untuk menjembatani keinginan konsumen dan perusahaan.
Effects of Mindfulness Training on Emotion Regulation in Patients with Depression: Reduced Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Activation Indexes Early Beneficial Changes
Authors: Barnhofer Thorsten , Reess Tim , Fissler Maria , Winnebeck Emilia , Grimm Simone , Gärtner Matti , Fan Yan , Huntenburg Julia M , Schroeter Titus , Gummersbach Marie , Bajbouj Malek , Hölzel Britta
Published: August 2019

Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) have been found to be a promising approach for the treatment of recurrent courses of depression. However, little is known about their neural mechanisms. This fMRI study set out to investigate activation changes in fronto-limbic regions during implicit emotion regulation. Depressed patients with a recurrent lifetime history were randomized to receive a two-week MBI (N=16 completers) or psycho-education and resting (PER, N=22 completers). Before and after, patients underwent fMR imaging while labelling the affect of angry, happy, and neutral facial expressions and completed questionnaires assessing ruminative brooding, the ability to decentre from such thinking, and depressive symptoms. Activation decreased in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in response to angry faces following MBI, but not following PER. This change was highly correlated with increased decentering, decreased brooding and decreased symptoms. Amygdala activation in response to happy faces decreased following PER, while the MBI group showed a small but insignificant increase. The dlPFC is involved in emotion regulation, namely reappraisal or suppression of negative emotions. Decreased right dlPFC activation might indicate that, following the MBI, patients abstained from engaging in elaboration or suppression of negative affective stimuli; a putatively important mechanism for preventing the escalation of negative mood.
Not every credible interval is credible: Evaluating robustness in the presence of contamination in Bayesian data analysis
Authors: Kennedy Lauren , Navarro Danielle , Perfors Andrew , Briggs Nancy
Published: August 2019

As Bayesian methods become more popular among behavioral scientists, they will inevitably be applied in situations that violate the assumptions underpinning typical models used to guide statistical inference. With this in mind, it is important to know something about how robust Bayesian methods are to the violation of those assumptions. In this paper, we focus on the problem of contaminated data (such as data with outliers or conflicts present), with specific application to the problem of estimating a credible interval for the population mean. We evaluate five Bayesian methods for constructing a credible interval, using toy examples to illustrate the qualitative behavior of different approaches in the presence of contaminants, and an extensive simulation study to quantify the robustness of each method. We find that the “default” normal model used in most Bayesian data analyses is not robust, and that approaches based on the Bayesian bootstrap are only robust in limited circumstances. A simple parametric model based on Tukey’s “contaminated normal model” and a model based on the t-distribution were markedly more robust. However, the contaminated normal model had the added benefit of estimating which data points were discounted as outliers and which were not.
The part-whole effect in super-recognisers and typical-range-ability controls
Authors: Belanova Elena , Davis Josh P , Thompson Trevor
Published: August 2019

Face recognition skills are distributed on a continuum, with developmental prosopagnosics and super-recognisers at the bottom and top ends, respectively. Holistic processing propensity is associated with face recognition ability and may be impaired in some developmental prosopagnosics and enhanced in some super-recognisers. Across two experiments we compared holistic processing of 75 super-recognisers and 89 typical-range ability controls using The Part-Whole Effect (PWE) paradigm. A subgroup of super-recognisers demonstrated enhanced PWEs in the nose region, suggesting they integrate the nose into the holistic face percept more effectively than controls. Focussed processing of the nose region, an optimal viewing position to extract the holistic properties of faces, has previously been associated with superior face recognition, and this may partly explain the superiority of some super-recognisers. However, a few super-recognisers generated significant nose region performance patterns in an opposite direction across both experiments, suggesting their superiority is driven by alternative mechanisms. These results support proposals that super-recognition is associated with heterogeneous underlying processes.
World Poetics and Comparative Poetics
Authors: Hart Jonathan Locke , Xie Ming
Published: August 2019

Possibly, there cannot be some kind of comprehensive or systematic view of comparative poetry or world poetry but that is not what we are suggesting here. The main idea of this special issue is to encourage distinguished scholars to explore the idea in their own way or to interpret particular examples of the comparative and the global in poetics – that is, the theory and practice of poetry – hence, the debate and the conversation among the articles. These multiple points of view open up discussion in many ways that should prompt others to think and work more in the area. Thus, the issue is an exploration and not some fixed theory of comparative and world poetry. Moreover, poetry matters in its vulnerability, fragility, and alternatives or possibilities. Poems – their writing and their reading – are at the heart of this exploration. Almost all of the contributors to this special issue address poems and pay close attention to them.
Medieval Lyric: A Translatable or Untranslatable Zone?
Authors: Butterfield Ardis
Published: August 2019

This article argues that the role of Erich Auerbach and Leo Spitzer in debates about ‘world literature’ needs to be re-assessed in the light of their field specialism as medievalists. Hailed as the pioneering founders of the discipline of Comparative Literature, their expertise in multiple medieval languages and literatures has been sidelined. New research into medieval plurilingualism, building on the linguistic skills and interests once taken for granted among these and other key figures of early 20th c medieval studies, affirms the need to understand ‘global’ poetry as being centrally about languages well beyond Anglophone perspectives. Medieval plurilingualism both challenges and extends modern thinking about the global because it heavily engages with rough translation. With examples of untranslatability from the Dominique Strauss-Kahn case to the troubadour Guilhem IX and Chaucer, it is argued that medieval lyric poetry shows the power of untranslatability to disrupt and re-make literary history.
Dilemas entre transparência e proteção de dados: as requisições dos órgãos de controle e o sigilo estatístico
Authors: Carvalho Mariana Martins de , Cabral Rodolfo De Carvalho
Published: August 2019

Transparência e Proteção, conceitos-chave para a democracia, serão discutidos à luz da legislação brasileira, mais especificamente da Lei de Acesso à Informação - LAI. Para além dos incontestes avanços, a LAI apresenta também dilemas, possíveis de serem observados em sua aplicação prática. Um deles diz respeito às prerrogativas dos chamados órgãos de controle, notadamente em relação à proteção das informações estatísticas. Buscaremos aqui, problematizar os danos que podem vir a ser causados no caso de compartilhamento de dados estatísticos, e a legislação específica que respalda o sigilo dessas informações, a partir de discussões travadas pelo IBGE e pelo Inep no Supremo Tribunal Federal.
Menstrual Pain: A Review of Foreign Literature
Authors: Ostrovska Kateryna
Published: August 2019

The World Health Organization estimates dysmenorrhea as the most important cause of a chronic pelvic pain. Its prevalence among adolescents and young women ranges from 40 % to 90 %, and varies, depending on age, country of residence and population density of the area. Primary dysmenorrhea is responsible for reducing the quality of life, absenteeism in the workplace or at school, refusing to participate in community and sporting events, changing of pain perception and sleep disturbance. There is evidence of its relationship with an early menarche, a family history, a length of the menstrual cycle, bad habits, poor sleep hygiene, an unbalanced diet, sedentary lifestyle and obesity. Characteristic features of a personality contribute in a certain way, making women prone to neuroticism and pain catastrophizing to be more at risk of developing dysmenorrhea. Irritable bowel syndrome, musculoskeletal pain and interstitial cystitis often accompany dysmenorrhea and respond to its treatment positively. Despite the proven validity of nonsteroidal anti­inflammatory drugs treatment there are resistant forms of menstrual pain, those make a search for alternative therapy relevant.
Guest Editor's Introduction
Authors: Sinnerbrink Robert
Published: August 2019

Since the early 1990s, phenomenology and cognitivism have become influential strands of inquiry in film theory. Phenomenological approaches remain focused on descriptive accounts of the embodied subject’s experiential engagement with film, whereas cognitivist approaches attempt to provide explanatory accounts in order to theorize cognitively relevant aspects of our experience of movies. Both approaches, however, are faced with certain challenges. Phenomenology remains a descriptive theory that turns speculative once it ventures to “explain” the phenomena upon which it focuses. Cognitivism deploys naturalistic explanatory theories that can risk reductively distorting the phenomena upon which it focuses by not having an adequate phenomenology of subjective experience. Phenomenology and cognitivism could work together, I suggest, to ground a pluralistic philosophy of film that is both descriptively rich and theoretically productive. From this perspective, we would be better placed to integrate the cultural and historical horizons of meaning that mediate our subjective experience of cinema.
Grey Gardens and the Problem of Objectivity
Authors: Abbott Mathew
Published: August 2019

This article turns to the Maysles brothers’ 1975 film Grey Gardens to problematize the philosophical assumptions at work in debates about objectivity and direct cinema. With a suitable picture of documentary objectivity we can avoid endorsing the claim that no film can be objective or the corollary that only documentaries that reflexively acknowledge the biases of their makers can succeed aesthetically or ethically. Against critics who have attacked Grey Gardens for its problematic claims to objectivity as well as theorists defending it for how it undermines objectivity, I argue that the film’s objective treatment of its subjects is part of its aesthetic and ethical achievement. In the context of observational documentary, being objective does not mean taking a purely dispassionate stance toward one’s subjects, but treating them without prejudice or moralism and letting them reveal themselves.
MANAJEMEN PEMBELAJARAN DI MADARASAH TERPENCIL (STUDI KASUS DI MI RIYADUL FALAH AIKPERAPA, AIKMEL, LOMBOK TIMUR)
Authors: M. Musfiatul Wardi M. Musfiatul Wardi M. Musfiatul Wardi
Published: August 2019

Tulisan ini bertujuan mengetahui Manajemen Pembelajaran pada madrasah pinggiran/terpencil yakni  MI  Riyadul Falah Aikprapa yang dilihat dari segi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan pengawasan.Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitataif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Subyek dari penelitian ini adalah para pelaksana pengelolaan pembelajaran di madarasah yaitu kepala madarasah dan guru. Data dari penelitian ini diperoleh dengan cara wawancara, observasi dan  dokumentasi, yang kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik analisis Interaktif (Model Huberman).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan pembelajaran yang ada d MI RF terdiri dari beberapa tahap, yaitu : (1) perencanaan pembelajaran dimulai dengan perumusan program madarasah, penyusunan RAPBM. Perencanaan pembelajaran disusun dengan membuat silabus berdasarkan standar isi dan penyusunan RPP, dengan melihat silabus dan RPP yang dibuat oleh madarasah lain, hal ini dilakukan karena keterbatasan yang dimiliki oleh MI  Riyadul Falah. Penyusaian silabus dan RPP yang diambil dari madarasah lain dilakukan oleh setiap guru; (2) pelaksanaan pembelajaran belum berjalan dengan baik, karena kegiatan belajar mengajar belum efektif karena guru sering terlambat bahkan tidak masuk disebabkan oleh faktor geografis yang jauh serta kesibukan guru yang tidak hanya mengajar di MI, tapi di keseluruhan lembaga pendidikan yang bernaung di Yayasan Riyadul Falah Aikperapa dan kesibukan guru yang  memenuhi kebutuhan ekonomi di luar. Kendala yang lain juga,  siswa siswa tidak masuk karena persoalan jarak tempuh madarasah dari salah satu dusun jauh, harus melewati tengah hutan sebagai jalan pintas menuju madarasah. Selain itu, siswa di ajak oleh orang tua ikut ke ladang.(3) pengawasan pembelajaran pembelajaran telah dilakuan oleh kepala madarsah dan guru baik di kelas maupun di luar kelas. Evaluasi hasil belajar siswa telah dilaksanakan oleh guru untuk mengetahui tingkat ketuntasan pencapaian komptensi dasar siswa di MI. penilaian hasil belajar siswa dilaksanakan setiap akhir kompetensi dasar selsai, sesuai dengan beberapa indikator yang telah dibahas dengan mengacu kepada nilai-nilai kriteria ketuntasan minimum (KKM).
PERAN MADRASAH DALAM PEMBELAJARAN FIQIH TERHADAP TRADISI MERARIQ FAKTOR PENDUKUNG DIPERTAHANKANNYA OLEH MASYARAKAT KEKAIT KECAMATAN GUNUNGSARI LOMBOK BARAT (Studi Kasus Peranan Madrasah di Desa Terpencil)
Authors: Husnan Husnan
Published: August 2019

Pada masyarakat Islam sasak di Lombok terdapat dua bentuk proses pernikahan sebelum terjadinya akad nikah yaitu merariq dan ngelakoq. Merariq merupakan  proses perkawinan yang dilakukan dengan cara melarikan atau mencuri gadis (calon pengantin wanita) menuju rumah  keluarga calon pengantin pria untuk selanjutnya dinikahkan. Perkawinan dengan cara seperti ini disebut juga dengan memaling (mencuri). Merariq  merupakan adat masyarakat yang memiliki landasan hukum di dalam Islam sendiri yaitu `urf. `urf  oleh para ulama` dapat dijadikan sumber pengambilan hukum selama tidak bertentangan dengan sumber utama yaitu al-Qura`an dan al-Hadits serta akal sehat. Merariq dapat dikategorikan sebagai `urf, oleh karena itulah masyarakat sampai hari ini tetap menjalankannya.  Akan tetapi ‘urf yang berlaku di masyarakat Kekait sering memicu permasalahan antar kedua belah pihak. Nah disinilah peranan madrasah untuk memberikan penerangan dan jalan keluar terhadap permasalahan merariq (menikah) ini.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, dimana untuk memperoleh berbagai data digunakan pendekatan fenomenologi diskrif. Adapun teknik-teknik yang digunakan untuk memperoleh data dilapangan yaitu: teknik observasi, wawancara terbimbing dan dokumentasi. Dari penelitian  ini ditemukan bahwa relevansi tradisi merariq perlu untuk dipertimbangkan kembali sebagai salah satu adat masyarakat Sasak karena dampak negatif  yang timbulkannya. Merariq tidak lagi sebagai simbul heroisme seperti makna dasar filosofisnya, bahkan sebaliknya merariq merupakan simbul ketidak beranian seseorang untuk meminta izin kepada orang tua si perempuan.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KEMUHAMMADIYAHAN TERHADAP SIKAP PERILAKU SISWA DI SMA MUHAMMADIYAH BERAU
Authors: Mappanyompa Mappanyompa Mappanyompa , Husnan Husnan Husnan
Published: August 2019

Pengintegrasian pendidikan agama dan pendidikan sekuler yang dilakukan KH. Ahmad Dahlan disaat mayoritas masyarakat muslim menolak berbagai hal yang berbau kolonial  merefleksikan kesadaran pentingnya membangun Islam di atas fondasi kemajuan. Oleh karenanya, dalam sejarah perkembangan Muhammadiyah, pendidikan adalah lokomotif kemajuan dan itu sangat relevan dengan konteks dan tuntutan sosiologis bangsa Indonesia. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode survey. Penelitian ini berusaha untuk mendeskripsikan tentang Pengaruh Pendidikan Kemuhammadiyahan terhadap Sikap Perilaku siswa bidang studi Pendidikan Kemuhammadiyahan di SMA Muhammadiyah Berau. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh: Pertama: Dalam segala aspek-aspeknya bahwa pengaruh Pendidikan kemuhamadiyahan mempunyai pengaruh yang cukup (Cukup Berpengaruh) terhadap Sikap Perilaku Siswa di SMA Muhamadiyah Berau. Kedua: Dari hasil analisis dan dilaporkan secara deskriptif yang menampilkan hasil dalam dalam bentuk verbal kemudian dipersentasekan dengan menggunakan rumus, maka, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  pengaruh Pendidikan Kemuhammadiyahan terhadap Sikap Perilaku Siswa SMA Muhammadiyah Berau adalah cukup berpengaruh. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil penelitian yang kemudian di tabulasi dengan menggunakan peresentasi di interpretasikan dengan menggunakan skala interpretasi yang ditetapkan, maka diketahui angka 2,210 termasuk kedalam kategori cukup baik. Dengan demikian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengaruh Pendidikan Kemuhammadiyahan terhadap sikap prilaku Siswa khususnya kelas X dan XI yang diperoleh yakni dapat di kategorikan Cukup Berpengaruh.
PEMBINAAN MORAL KEAGAMAAN DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PERUBAHAN PERILAKU NARAPIDANA DI BLOK MELATI LP KELAS II A KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Hayati Mardiyah
Published: August 2019

Sistem Pemasyarakatan  bertujuan untuk mengembalikan Warga Binaan menjadi warga yang baik, juga melindungi masyarakat terhadap kemungkinan diulanginya tindak pidana oleh Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan. Untuk melaksanakan sistem pemasyarakatan tersebut diperlukan partisipasi atau keikutsertaan masyarakat dalam program pembinaan dengan mengadakan kerjasama dalam proses pembinaan agama maupun dengan sikap bersedia menerima kembali warga binaan yang telah selesai masa pidananya. Penelitian ini menggunakan data kualitatif, jenis diskriptif. Peneliti mencermati  aktivitas alami pada saat pembinaan moral keagamaaa di Blok Melati Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II A Kota Mataram sedang berlangsung. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tiga metode yaitu wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Adapun proses analisa data yang peneliti gunakan adalah reduksi data, display data, mengambil kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Pelaksanaan  pembinaan moral keagamaan di Blok Melati Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II A Kota Mataram menghadapi beberapa kendala, diantaranya  adalah; 1) adanya perbedaan pendidikan narapidana yang beraneka ragam, 2) keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana,  3) tidak adanya evaluasi program,  4) kualitas dan ragam pembinaan yang belum variatif, 5) pembina kesulitan dalam memotivasi warga binaan untuk aktif bertanya.  Adapun upaya yang telah dilakukan dalam mengatasi kendala adalah ; 1) mengupayakan metode pembelajaran yang tepat, 2) melakukan kerjasama yang baik dengan pegawai Lembaga Pemasyarakatan secara struktural, 3) mengupayakan sikap positif warga binaan terhadap program pembinaan agama. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pola pembinaan moral agama di Blok Melati Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II A Kota Mataram mengacu pada konsep pembelajaran berbasis misi Nabi Muhammad SAW didalam al-Qur’an yaitu Tila>wah ayat, Tazkiyah dan Ta’lim al Kita>b wa al hikmah.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA BONEKA TANGAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENYIMAK SISWA PADA MATAPELAJARAN SEJARAH KEBUDAYAAN ISLAM
Authors: Aqodiah Aqodiah
Published: August 2019

Penggunaan media pembelajaran bagi siswa usia madrasah ibtidaiyah di rasa sangat tepat, karena sesuai dengan tahap perkembangannya mereka masih berada pada tahap operasiona kongkret, dalam hal ini peneliti menggunakan media boneka tangan dalam meningkatkan keterampilan menyimak anak pada mata pelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam (SKI). Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Penelitian ini terdiri dari variabel terikat yaitu keterampilan menyimak pada mata pelajaran (SKI) dan variabel bebas yaitu media boneka tangan. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V A MIN 2 Mataram yang berjumlah 38 siswa.instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, tes dan dokumentasi. Tehnik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu, kuantitatif deskriptif juga reduksi data, pemaparan data, pembahasan, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Untuk pengecekan keabsahan data penelitian menggunakan ketekunan pengamatan dan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh penggunaan media boneka tangan dalam meningkatkan keterampilan menyimak pada mata pelajaran sejarah kebudayaan Islam (SKI) siswa kelas V MIN 2 Mataram. Hal ini ditunjukkan malalui  hasil uji tes tulis siswa di siklus I yaitu 71,1 meningkat menjadi 75,34 pada siklus II.
Awareness of Self and Disease Assessment: Development and Validation of a Subjective Measure in People with Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Mayelle Amandine , El Haj Mohamad , Antoine Pascal
Published: August 2019

Background:

People with Alzheimer’s disease (PwAD) remain able to speak coherently about their daily life for a long time, and their level of awareness could be determined through their discourse. In a grounded-theory approach, awareness of self and awareness of disease are intertwined and can be observed through three domains: mechanisms, objects and modes of expression.

Objective:

Based on preliminary results, in this article, we present the ASDA (Awareness of Self and Disease Assessment), a new subjective measurement tool for awareness in PwAD. To consider its use in research and practice, we initially performed validation analyses, including internal consistency, test-retest reliability and interrater reliability analyses.

Methods:

The new assessment tool consists of a semi-structured interview and ratings of 22 items divided into three categories. As part of our observational study, we assessed a sample of 28 PwAD who participated in four interviews (one every two weeks).

Results:

The ASDA shows good homogeneity within the domains of awareness and a certain degree of stability between two measurement times and between investigators. Missing values in the results provided information regarding awareness levels within and across the subjects.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that awareness could be assessed through subjective experience without reference to a comparison.
The Dog Model in the Spotlight: Legacy of a Trustful Cooperation
Authors: Barthélémy Inès , Hitte Christophe , Tiret Laurent
Published: August 2019

Dogs have long been used as a biomedical model system and in particular as a preclinical proof of concept for innovative therapies before translation to humans. A recent example of the utility of this animal model is the promising myotubularin gene delivery in boys affected by X-linked centronuclear myopathy after successful systemic, long-term efficient gene therapy in Labrador retrievers. Mostly, this is due to unique features that make dogs an optimal system. The continuous emergence of spontaneous inherited disorders enables the identification of reliable complementary molecular models for human neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). Dogs’ characteristics including size, lifespan and unprecedented medical care level allow a comprehensive longitudinal description of diseases. Moreover, the highly similar pathogenic mechanisms with human patients yield to translational robustness. Finally, interindividual phenotypic heterogeneity between dogs helps identifying modifiers and anticipates precision medicine issues.

This review article summarizes the present list of molecularly characterized dog models for NMDs and provides an exhaustive list of the clinical and paraclinical assays that have been developed. This toolbox offers scientists a sensitive and reliable system to thoroughly evaluate neuromuscular function, as well as efficiency and safety of innovative therapies targeting these NMDs. This review also contextualizes the model by highlighting its unique genetic value, shaped by the long-term coevolution of humans and domesticated dogs. Because the dog is one of the most protected research animal models, there is considerable opposition to include it in preclinical projects, posing a threat to the use of this model. We thus discuss ethical issues, emphasizing that unlike many other models, the dog also benefits from its contribution to comparative biomedical research with a drastic reduction in the prevalence of morbid alleles in the breeding stock and an improvement in medical care.
Managing In-play Run Chases in Limited Overs Cricket Using Optimized CUSUM Charts
Authors: Bose Dipankar , Chakraborty Soumyakanti
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we present the application of CUSUM control charts to analyze the outcome of a limited overs cricket match during the second innings. This approach makes use of the target set in the first innings and the runs scored from each ball in the second innings. We have analyzed the ball-by-ball data of 1180 One Day Internationals and 537 T20 Internationals played between 2006 and 2017. To improve the accuracy of our models, we have applied genetic algorithm to generate optimal control chart parameters that maximize the accuracy of the model outcome. Our analyses are found to be correct in 80-89% of ODI matches and 76-84% of T20 matches, depending on the stage of in-play analysis.
Collecting Duct Carcinoma of the Kidney: Analysis of Our Experience at the SPANISH ‘Grupo Centro’ of Genitourinary Tumors
Authors: Pinto A. , Garrido M. , Aguado C. , Alonso T. , Gajate P. , Maximiano C. , García-Carbonero I. , Martín A. , Gallegos I. , Arranz J.A. , Puente J. , Grande E.
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

Collecting duct carcinomas (CDC), also known as Bellini’s tumors, are a rare and aggressive subtype of renal cell carcinoma. Therefore, there are very few data about their management, and there is no standard therapy for this malignancy. We report the outcome of CDC patients treated on institutions belonging to the ‘Grupo Centro’ of Genitourinary Tumors, a novel networking cooperative group in Spain.

Material and Methods:

Patients with CDC diagnosed between 1995 and 2015 were included. They had to have an appropriate follow-up, as well as available tissue for further correlative studies. Demographic baseline features and therapy outcomes were collected in a retrospective fashion. Approval for this data collection was obtained from a central ethical committee.

Results:

A total of 43 patients were analysed, with a median overall survival (OS) of 14 months (95% CI: 9.2–18.8 months). 29 of them (67.4%) were diagnosed as localized disease, and 14 (32.6%) as metastatic disease. For the subgroup of patients diagnosed without metastases, median relapse-free survival (RFS) is 22 months (95% CI: 12.4–35.6 months), and median OS, 53 months (95% CI: 35.5–84.3 months). For the subgroup of patients with metastatic disease, median OS is 6 months (95% CI: 4.1–7.8 months). 16 patients (55.2%) with stage IV disease received systemic therapy, mainly platinum-based chemotherapy, with a response rate of 12.5% and a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 2 months.

Conclusions:

CDC of the kidney is a malignancy with poor prognosis and few responses to therapy. Median OS of our group in the metastatic setting is similar to what has been observed in previous series. There is a clear need to improve the armamentarium we have for the systemic approach of patients with advanced CDC.
Formal and Informal basis of Authority in Instructional Supervision: A Perspective of Heads of Schools and Teachers in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mahere Stephen
Published: August 2019

Zimbabwe has achieved quantitative expansion in education. The focus is now on achieving academic excellence. One of the ways of improving the quality of education is instructional supervision. Effective supervision of instruction, through changing teacher behaviour, can improve the quality of teaching and learning in the classroom. The basis of authority a supervisor has in a school is one of the supervisory dimensions that could impinge directly on the supervisor-supervisee relationship. Two major bases of authority in a school organization may be identified, namely, formal and informal authority, and both influence supervisee’s behaviour. The study sought to investigate which of the two bases of authority (formal and informal) is perceived by school heads and teachers in Zimbabwe to be more effective during instructional supervision. The investigation employed the survey research design. The study was conducted in 628 schools: 298 in Greater Harare, an urban province, and the 330 schools in Mashonaland Central, a predominantly rural province. Harare being the largest city was specifically selected as a typical urban province; while Mashonaland Central, with many responsible authorities, was specifically chosen to represent a predominantly rural province. The sample size was 729 school heads and teachers randomly chosen as follows: 368 from Greater Harare and 361 respondents from Mashonaland Central Province. Data were analysed using the SPSS. The findings showed that school heads and teachers perceived Informal Basis of Authority in instructional supervision as more effective while Formal Basis of Authority was perceived as generally not quite effective. The study recommended that supervisors broaden their supervisory influence, power and formal authority base by tapping into the informal organisation resource. Therefore, they should possess and tap both their expert and referent authorities, so as to augment and buttress their formal positional authority.
UPAYA HUKUM TERHADAP KREDITOR ATAS OBJEK HAK TANGGUNGAN DARI UPAYA SITA JAMINAN OLEH PIHAK KETIGA DALAM KEPAILITAN
Authors: Dermawan I Made
Published: August 2019

ABSTRAKKondisi yang menyebabkan pihak kreditor mengantisipasi dan menyelamatkan asset perseroan terhadap ketidakmampuan debitor dalam melakukan pembayaran utangnya yang salah satunya adalah membuat jaminan kebendaan yaitu dengan membuat hak tanggungan sebagai salah satu jaminan yang diakui oeh Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1996. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemasangan hak tanggungan sebagai hak kebendaan dapat ditempuh dengan melakukan upaya hukum yaitu membuat Akta Pemberian Hak Tanggungan (APHT) yang dibuat oleh Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) dan didaftarkan ke Kantor Pertanahan sehingga pihak bank selaku kreditor preferen mempunyai kedudukan yang diutamakan atas objek Hak Tanggungan dari upaya sita jaminan oleh pihak ketiga dan kreditor berhak untuk melakukan lelang objek jaminan atau melakukan parate eksekusi yang didasarkan pada perjanjian antara pihak kreditor dan pemilik tanah tersebut Kata Kunci: Upaya Hukum; Hak Tanggungan; Kepailitan; Sita Jaminan
KEWENANGAN KOMISI PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI DALAM PEMBERANTASAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI BERDASARKAN TEORI NEGARA HUKUM
Authors: Azis Abdul
Published: August 2019

Abstrak Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2002 tentang Komisi Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi, Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi dibentuk dengan tujuan meningkatkan daya guna dan hasil guna terhadap upaya pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi. Dalam melaksanakan tugas Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi berwenang melakukan penyelidikan, penyidikan, dan penuntutan tindak pidana korupsi yang melibatkan aparat penegak hukum, penyelenggara negara, dan orang lain yang ada kaitannya dengan tindak pidana korupsi yang dilakukan oleh aparat penegak hukum atau penyelenggara Negara, mendapat perhatian yang meresahkan masyarakat; dan/atau menyangkut kerugian negara paling sedikit Rp. 1.000.000.000,00 (satu milyar rupiah).Kata kunci: Tindak Pidana Korupsi; Penyelidikan; Penyidikan; Penuntutan; Negara Hukum.
HIGH RISK OF CARDIAC DISEASE IN MIDDLE INCOME GROUP AND URBAN PATIENTS
Authors: Jindal Dr. Ruchi , Manisha Dr. , Mali Dr. K. L.
Published: August 2019

Background: Smoking is an established risk factor for many diseases and is one of the most important public health problems worldwide. Rural areas of the United States have a higher smoking prevalence than urban areas. Chronic stress associated with high income inequality has been hypothesized to increase CVD risk and other adverse health outcomes

Material & Methods: 50 patients were enrolled for this study. Taking Consent and History of patients by a pre planned Performa Manner.

Results:   Higher levels of risk of CVD were found in urban and middle income group.

Conclusion: Smoking and Alcohol in middle income group in urban population are major risk for CVD. So need to aware people for the same.

Keywords: CVD, Smoking, Alcohol, Rural, urban.
Tomada de contas especial e cobrança executiva no âmbito do Tribunal de Contas da União 2013-2017
Authors: Arraes Jeremias Pereira da Silva , Ferreira Lucas Oliveira Gomes , Reis Oswaldo Paulo Moreno dos
Published: August 2019

A Constituição Federal elenca uma série de competências específicas ao Tribunal de Contas da União. Dentre elas, merece destaque a de julgar as contas daqueles que derem causa à perda, extravio ou outra irregularidade de que resulte prejuízo ao erário. O processo de tomada de contas especial é um instrumento de notável importância à Corte de Contas, sobretudo para o cumprimento desse expresso mandamento constitucional. O artigo realizou o estudo acerca desse processo no âmbito do Tribunal de Contas da União, com o objetivo de evidenciar o volume dos recursos financeiros inerentes às decisões de mérito, resultantes da imputação de débito ou cominação de multa no período de 2013 a 2017, com o devido destaque à eficácia de título executivo dessas mesmas deliberações, necessária à formalização do processo de cobrança executiva, quando couber. Os danos causados aos cofres públicos avocam vultuosas cifras da moeda nacional vigente e o princípio da ampla defesa, aplicado de forma exaustiva, não é suficiente para elidir a má gestão que se pode atestar, merecendo destaque as ações inovadoras em prol da eficiência e eficácia do controle externo e as recentes investidas por parte daqueles que insistem na contramão do controle. Por meio da análise dos dados, depreende-se que as informações levantadas retratam a importância dessas ferramentas processuais, oferecendo subsídios necessários para a formulação de novos estudos dirigidos aplicáveis à matéria, em prol do patrimônio público.
Condutas administrativas de controle para prevenção dos crimes cometidos no âmbito da Operação Carro-Pipa
Authors: Brasil Neto Lucio Gonçalves
Published: August 2019

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar de forma sucinta, alguns casos de fraude ao Programa Emergencial de Distribuição de Água Potável no semiárido brasileiro, denominado Operação Carro-Pipa, Ação do governo federal, realizada pela Secretaria Nacional de Defesa Civil (Sedec), ligada ao Ministério da Integração Nacional em parceria com o Ministério da Defesa/Exército Brasileiro, que visa auxiliar a realização de ações complementares de apoio às atividades de distribuição de água potável às populações atingidas por estiagem e seca. Também, são apresentadas algumas condutas de controle consideradas boas práticas na prevenção às fraudes, que pretendem ajudar a administração no controle prévio à prática de crime, seja na fase de contratação seja na de execução do objeto contratual. Ao final desse trabalho, se espera oportunizar aos órgãos executores e fiscalizadores da Operação, algumas ações que devem ser tomadas a fim de otimizar uma rotina de controle interno visando a prevenção de fraudes.
Desempenho agronômico de soja, sob interferência de plantas infestantes
Authors: Souza Renato Gomes de , Cardoso Daniel Bonifácio Oliveira , Mamede Morgana Coelho , Hamawaki Osvaldo Toshiyuki , Sousa Larissa Barbosa de
Published: August 2019

A competição entre os recursos ambientais, imposta pela comunidade infestante, afeta o crescimento, produtividade e qualidade final da soja, prejudicando a colheita, por competição, que aumenta o custo operacional. Outro fator relevante da interferência das plantas infestantes é que estas podem ser hospedeiras de patógenos e pragas, o que dificulta seu controle. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho agronômico de duas cultivares de soja sujeitas à interferência de plantas infestantes. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Fazenda Capim Branco pertencente à Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, no município de Uberlândia - MG, na safra 2015/2016. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso (DBC) com seis repetições. Foram utilizadas duas cultivares, uma de ciclo precoce (UFUS Capim Branco) e outra de ciclo tardio (UFUS Carajás), avaliadas na presença e ausência de plantas infestante, quanto à altura da planta na maturidade, número de nós na haste principal, número de vagens e produtividade de grãos. Após atender às pressuposições do modelo, os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Os resultados refletiram as relações de interferência entre a população de infestantes e a cultura, sendo a família Poaceae a infestante predominante no experimento. Houve aumento na altura média das plantas de soja, redução do número de nós e da produtividade de grãos em ambas cultivares. A cultivar UFUs Capim Branco, sob interferência de infestantes, obteve maior rendimento quando comparada a cultivar de ciclo tardio, UFUS Carajás.
دور ممارسات إدارة الموارد البشرية الالكترونية في استدامة رأس المال المعرفي بحث ميداني في جامعة بابل
Authors: الزبيدي غني دحام , ناظم محمد حسين
Published: August 2019

يهدف البحث الى ابراز دور ممارسات إدارة الموارد البشرية الالكترونية في استدامة رأس المال المعرفي باعتباره أحد عوامل نجاحها، وكذلك تشخيص وتفسير العلاقة بين متغيرات البحث وابعادها، وتتجلى مشكلة البحث من ان جامعة بابل تطبق بعض ممارسات إدارة الموارد البشرية الالكترونية وليس بشكل متكامل ولم تجري عملية تقييم لمستوى تطبيقها والمشكلات التي تواجهها فضلاً عن مدى انعكاس هذه الممارسات على رأس المال المعرفي واستدامة في الجامعة، وتبرز أهمية البحث كونه يهتم بالجوانب الالكترونية وتحقيق الميزة التنافسية للمنظمات من خلال تقليل التكاليف، واعتمدت الاستبانة كأداة لجمع البيانات والمعلومات اذ تم توزيع (150) استبانة وكان الصالح منها (135) استبانة واستبعدت (15) استبانة ، واعتمد البحث فرضيتان رئيستان خضعت لاختبارات إحصائية، واستعمال الباحثان البرنامج الاحصائي الجاهز (Spss)  ومجموعة من الأساليب الإحصائية لتحليل البيانات منها (الوسط الحسابي، والانحراف المعياري، ومعامل الارتباط سبيرمان، معامل الاختلاف، ومعادل الانحدار البسيط)، وكانت أبرز الاستنتاجات التي توصل اليها البحث، هي ان جامعة بابل تتبنى بعض ممارسات إدارة الموارد البشرية الالكترونية وهذا واضح من خلال نتائج التحليل العملي، مما يعزز توجه الجامعة نحو الاعمال الالكترونية في اغلب وظائفها، اما اهم التوصيات التي أشار اليها البحث هي وضع الخطط والبرامج التدريبة المناسبة لتثقيف العاملين حول المفاهيم الاكاديمية لمتغيرات البحث، والنتائج الإيجابية من استخدامها، ومالها من مزايا تخفيض التكاليف والحفاظ على بيئة العمل.
تقييم نظام ادارة الصحة والسلامة المهنية وفقا للمواصفة 45001 :2018) ISO ) بحث تطبيقي في شركة بغداد للمشروبات الغازية
Authors: خلف بتول عطية , حسن ماجد حميد
Published: August 2019

يمثل موضوع الصحة والسلامة المهنية حيزا كبيرا من اولويات المنظمات الرائدة في بيئة الاعمال لكونه احد المتطلبات الرئيسية لنجاحها وتأثيره على انتاجية العاملين وادائهم من خلال توفير متطلبات بيئة العمل المناسبة ان احد الاستجابات الدولية لمواجهة المشكلات التي ترافق التطور التكنولوجي والصناعي المتسارع لبيئة الاعمال يتمثل في اصدار المواصفة الدولية ISO 45001 : 2018  والتي تهدف الى توفير اطار مناسب للسيطرة على المخاطر والحد من الاصابات وحوادث العمل وتحسين اداء العمل بعد ما ادركت المنظمات علاقة بيئة العمل الامنة والسليمة بالمنافسة .تتمثل مشكلة البحث في وجود فجوة بين متطلبات المواصفة ISO 45001 :2018  وبين الواقع العملي للشركة عينة البحث فيما يخص توفير وتنفيذ متطلبات المواصفة .ومن هذا المنطلق فان البحث يهدف الى قياس الفجوة ما بين متطلبات المواصفة وبين واقع التطبيق العملي في الشركة عينة البحث .وللحصول على البيانات اجريت المقابلات مع مدراء الاقسام والمعامل فضلا عن الاطلاع على السجلات وتم استخدام قائمة الفحص (checklist ) بغية الوصول الى النتائج المرجوة وكذلك تم استخدام عدد من وسائل التحليل الاحصائي اهمها الوسط الحسابي والاوزان والنسب المئوية والاشكال البيانية وتوضح نتائج البحث والتحليل بان نظام ادارة الصحة والسلامة المهنية مقارنة بمتطلبات المواصفة (ISO 45001 :2018  ) وبجميع فقراتها الرئيسة والفرعية قد بلغ متوسط المطابقة ( 3.22) ونسبة مئوية لمدى المطابقة ( 38 %) وحجم فجوة ( 62%) وهو يقترب من مطبق جزئي وغير موثق في تطبيق متطلبات المواصفة (45001:2018 ) .
تأثير تقانات التسويق الفيروسي في سلوك المستهلك_ دراسة استطلاعية لعينة من طلبة كلية الادارة والاقتصاد
Authors: حمودي عبد الله هاشم , ايوب زيد فوزي , خميس عبدالله عبد الحق
Published: August 2019

اصبح التسويق الفيروسي احد الاستراتيجيات الحديثة التي تعتمدها المنظمات في تسويق المنتجات والخدمات, وتركز فكرة التسويق الفيروسي على العلاقات الاجتماعية بين الافراد والمجموعات, ونتيجة للتطور التقني الحاصل اتجهت اغلب المنظمات الى استخدام شبكة الانترنت وتطبيقاتها ووسائل التواصل الاجتماعي في تسويق وترويج منتجاتها فيروسيا ً لأنها اصبحت افضل وسيلة للوصول الى اكبر عدد من المستهلكين لعرض منتجاتها وخدماتها وبطرق عديدة منها نصية او صوتية او صورية او فيديوية وبالتالي التأثير على سلوك المستهلك.

       وتمثلت مشكلة الدراسة بالتساؤل الاتي(هل لتقانات التسويق الفيروسي تأثير على سلوك المستهلك؟) وكان الهدف من الدراسة هو التعرف على اراء المبحوثين لمدى تقبلهم لاستخدام تقانات التسويق الفيروسي  وتأثيرها على سلوكهم الشرائي.

ولتحقيق اهداف الدراسة تم توزيع (294) استمارة استبيان على عينة من طلبة كلية الادارة والاقتصاد باعتبارهم مستخدمين للأنترنت وتطبيقاته مثل (البريد الالكتروني والمواقع الالكترونية والفيسبوك واليوتيوب والفايبر) من جهة, وكذلك باعتبارهم المستهلكين من جهة اخرى. ومن اجل اختبار فرضية الدراسة الرئيسة والتي تنص على انه (ليس هناك علاقة ارتباط معنوية ذات دلالة احصائية بين تقانات التسويق الفيروسي وسلوك المستهلك) والفرضيات التابعة لها, تم تحليل البيانات احصائياً باستخدام برنامج  (Minitab)ووجد ان هنالك علاقة ارتباط موجبة معنوية بين متغيرات الدراسة, كما أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن هناك تأثير ايجابي ذات دلالة معنوية لأبعاد تقانات التسويق الفيروسي على سلوك المستهلك في عينة الدراسة, باستثناء تقانة  الفايبر  فإنها لا تؤثر في سلوك المستهلك، وتوصلت الدراسة ايضاً الى ان المنظمات التي تستخدم تقانات مختلفة  في طرح منتجاتها لها تأثير ايجابي على سلوك المستهلك.
الاسهامات الاقتصادية للمشروعات الصناعية الصغيرة ( تجارب دولية مختارة مع اشارة خاصة للعراق )
Authors: عبد القادر نادية مهدي , فرحان محمد نوري , حسين علي طالب
Published: August 2019

اغلب الدراسات لموضوع المشروعات الصناعية الصغيرة من قبل الباحثين والدارسين في المجال الاقتصادي اظهرت الأهمية الكبيرة والمتزايدة لهذه المشروعات، التي من الممكن تبيان مستوى تأثيرها من خلال اسهام هذه المشروعات بالمؤشرات والمتغيرات الاقتصادية الكلية والقطاعية، لذا فإن هذا البحث يهدف الى تبيان مديات الاسهام الاقتصادي الذي تمارسه المشروعات الصغيرة في تجارب دولية مختارة وفي الاقتصاد العراقي. اذ ان التجارب الدولية اتاحت الفرصة امام تقدم ونمو المشروعات الصغيرة في اقتصاداتها، ادى ذلك لزيادة نسب اسهام هذه المشروعات في توظيف القوى البشرية النشطة اقتصادياً، وفي القيمة المضافة، وفي القطاع الصناعي، مما ساهم في رفع المستوى المعاشي لمجتمعاتها وخفض من نسب البطالة لديها، اضافة الى توليد مصدر دخل. كما يهدف البحث في دراسة وتحليل واقع المشروعات الصناعية الصغيرة في العراق في ظل المعوقات والتحديات التي تواجهها هذه المشروعات، من اجل صياغة اجراءات من شأنها تحسين المستوى الاقتصادي للمشروعات الصغيرة، من ثم زيادة اسهاماتها في مؤشرات الناتج المحلي الاجمالي، والانتاج الصناعي، ومستوى التشغيل.

فقد توصل البحث الى ان اسهام المشروعات الصناعية الصغيرة في الناتج المحلي الاجمالي للعراق اتسم بالانخفاض النسبي. اما في اسهام هذه المشروعات بالانتاج الصناعي، وبمستوى اسهامها بالتشغيل، فقد اتسمت بالتذبذب النسبي بسبب ارتباط هذه المؤشرات بالوضع الاقتصادي والسياسي والامني في العراق. لذا لابد من تدعيم هذه المشروعات عبر تمويل استثماراتها، فضلا عن مساعدتها في توظيف البحوث والابتكارات والاختراعات بالجانب التطبيقي، بما يسهم في زيادة دور هذه المشروعات بالجانب الاقتصادي.