bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemetaan Riset Akuntansi Zakat: Analisis Bibliometrik
Authors: Hardiansyah Kiki , Nurmalasari Viya Fatwa , Aslamiah Lisa , Rahmadina Najwa , Risma
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the extent of the development of zakat accounting research by reviewing various literature. This research is here to fill the gap in the bibliometric research of zakat, which is still very limited. The method used is qualitative with bibliometric analysis using VOSViewer. The results showed that 42 articles related to zakat accounting were published in international journals, spanning 2015-2022. These articles have been published regularly in the last eight years (2015-2022). The majority of articles were published in 2020, which was 13 articles or 29.55%. The years 2015 and 2018 were the fewest, namely only 1 article or 2.27%. The articles are written individually (single author) as well as collaboratively (multiple authors). The most frequently used method of qualitative research is qualitative-descriptive, with a total of 19 articles. Meanwhile, the quantitative method that is most often used is the quantitative method with linear regression analysis, as many as 2 articles. The International Journal of Financial Research became the most significant journal. In total there are 298 citations, with keywords that are often used are zakat accounting, trust, business zakat, information system, and economic sustainability.
Determinants of Return On Asset (ROA) at Sharia Commercial Banks 2016 – 2021
Authors: Muhammad Irwin Muslimin  , Nurwahidin  , Mulawarman Hannase
Published: July 2023

ROA is a ratio that serves to assess a company's ability to make a profit. The amount of ROA can be influenced by many things such as NPF, FDR, and CAR. This study aims to find the effect of NPF, FDR, and CAR on ROA at Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS) in 2016-2021. This research uses a two-stage analysis. The first stage will use multiple linear analysis with the Ordinary Least Square method to find the influence between variables, then the second stage will examine the ROA scheme in Islamic banking, and whether it is in accordance with Islamic principles. The results showed that NPF had a significant negative impact on ROA, FDR had an insignificant positive impact on ROA, and CAR had a significant positive impact on ROA. The results of the calculation of the coefficient of determination show that NPF, FDR, and CAR affect ROA by 78.78% while the rest is explained by other variables that are not taken into account in the study. In addition, the ROA business scheme is in accordance with existing Sharia aspects because nothing is violated in Sharia principles, and the existence of DPS is one of the factors the researchers believe that this business model is in accordance with Sharia values. This research is useful to determine the effect between ROA variables and to find out whether business schemes with ROA are in accordance with Sharia.
Performance Analysis of Bank Syariah Indonesia and Bank Muamalat Indonesia during the COVID-19 Pandemic Reviewed from Maqashid Syariah: Maqashid Sharia Approach Index
Authors: Fitriansyah Rahmat , Nurwahidin  , Hannase Mulawarman
Published: July 2023

The goal of this research is to measure the capability of Islamic banking in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic using the Maqashid Syariah Index approach and using the measurement of three performance indicators, namely educating individuals, establishing justice, and public interest/maslahah). This research is a type of quantitative descriptive research. Bank Syariah Indonesia and Bank Muamalat Indonesia were used as objects of research. This research uses secondary data that comes from the 2020 and 2021 annual reports sourced from the official website. The maqashid sharia index approach used in data analysis is to calculate the variable performance ratio of the maqashid sharia index which comes from the dimensions of educational grants, research, training, publicity, fair returns, functional distribution, interest-free income, profit ratios, personal income, and investment. in the real sector. The results of this study indicate that overall Indonesian Sharia Banks have the highest score, with advantages compared to using Bank Muamalat in implementing the maqashid sharia aspect and the potential for green finance development
The Effect of NPF, FDR, Bank Size and Covid-19 on MSME Financing of Indonesian Sharia Commercial Banks for the 2018-2021 Period
Authors: Putri Fitri Anisa Nusa , Musthofa Muhammad Wakhid
Published: July 2023

MSME has a massive contribution to national economic development. In order to expand and strengthen the MSME sector, Islamic Commercial Banks as financial intermediary should consider some of the main factors before distributing their financing to the MSME sector. This study aims to identify and analyze the effect of NPF, FDR, Bank Size, and Covid-19 on MSME Financing at Shariah Rural Banks in Indonesia in the period of 2018-2021 both partially and simultaneously. This study uses a panel data approach where the data needed in this study are from 7 Indonesian Islamic Banks with 112 of total data quarterly. The data was collected from quarterly Islamic bank reports. The results of this study indicate that FDR and Bank Size variables have a positive significant effect on MSMEs Financing at Shariah Rural Banks. Meanwhile, NPF and the dummy variable Covid-19 have no significant effect on MSMEs Financing at Shariah Rural Banks. This study is expected to developing of the grand theory and knowledge on the impact of MSME Financing especially in the Shariah Rural Banks in Indonesia.
Factors Influencing Customer Interest in Using Financing Products at Bank KB Bukopin Syariah Yogyakarta
Authors: Pipit Puspita  , Rintan Nuzul Ainy
Published: July 2023

Islamic banking is one of the targets in the economic sector that will be developed and focused on in Indonesia. The advantage possessed by Islamic banking is that it lies in an operational system based on Sharia principles. However, behind these advantages, there are some people who do not understand related to regulations and sharia principles so this can trigger the emergence of negative perceptions which are a factor in reducing customer interest in using sharia bank products, especially financing products. This study aims to examine the effect of knowledge of financing products, perceived service quality, perceived product quality, and perceived profit-sharing ratios on customers’ interest in using financing products at Bank KB Bukopin Syariah Yogyakarta. This research is quantitative research. The data source is using primary data. The sample selection used a purposive sampling technique. The analytical method uses multiple linear regression assisted by SPSS version 29 software. The results of this study indicate that the variable knowledge of financing products has a significant influence on customers’ interest in using financing products at Bank KB Bukopin Syariah Yogyakarta. Meanwhile, perceptions of service quality, perceptions of product quality, and perceptions of profit-sharing ratios do not have a significant effect on customers’ interest in using financing products at Bank KB Bukopin Syariah Yogyakarta. This study recommends the need factor to determine the influence of customer interest in using financing products in Islamic banks.
Österreichisches Tierschutzrecht Band 2: Tierversuchsrecht
Authors: Holger Herbrüggen , Satzinger Lisa , Wessely Wolfgang
Published: July 2023

Aktueller Meinungsstand, Problemfelder und Lösungsansätze im Tierversuchsrecht Das Tierversuchsrecht zählt zweifellos zu den am kontroversesten und emotionalsten diskutierten Bereichen des Tier(schutz)rechts. An kaum einer anderen Stelle ist der Gesetzgeber gehalten mit größter Sorgfalt einen behutsamen Ausgleich zwischen wissenschaftlichen und wirtschaftlichen Interessen vorzunehmen wie hier. Der Begriff des Tierwohls rückt immer stärker ins öffentliche Interesse – aber wo die rechtlichen Grenzen beim Tierschutz verlaufen, ist alles andere als in Stein gemeißelt. Der Kommentar beleuchtet das österreichische Tierversuchsrecht im europäischen Kontext und bietet einen verlässlichen Überblick über den aktuellen Meinungsstand. Neben den Gesetzesmaterialien und der (spärlichen) Rechtsprechung werden in ausführlichen Kommentierungen auch Erfahrungen aus der Praxis des Tierversuchswesens berücksichtigt sowie Problemfelder und Lösungsansätze aufgezeigt. Die Autorinnen und Autoren aus Wissenschaft und Praxis sind profunde Kenner*innen der Materie. Ihr Kommentar garantiert allen Interessierten am Tierversuchsrecht eine umfassende Lektüre mit starkem Praxisbezug.
Melangkah ke Era Digital: Sosialisasi Literasi Keuangan untuk Transaksi Non Tunai
Authors: Suarantalla Ryan , Aliyah Jannatun , Tryana Ayu Levia
Published: July 2023

Sosialisasi Literasi Keuangan Digital Melalui Program Transaksi Non Tunai di Desa Baru Tahan, Kecamatan Moyo Utara, Kabupaten Sumbawa adalah sebuah kegiatan yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan masyarakat dalam mengelola keuangan secara digital. Program ini melibatkan pelatihan dan pendampingan untuk memperkenalkan transaksi non tunai sebagai alternatif efisien dan aman dalam melakukan transaksi keuangan. Dalam kegiatan sosialisasi ini, peserta diberikan pemahaman mengenai konsep dan prinsip dasar dalam transaksi non tunai, seperti pengenalan instrumen pembayaran digital dan manfaat penggunaan e-money.Program ini juga melibatkan pemberian contoh kasus dan studi kasus untuk meningkatkan pemahaman peserta, serta menyelenggarakan sesi tanya jawab dan diskusi interaktif. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalahmelalui pelatihan dan pendampingan yang dilakukan, masyarakat Desa Baru Tahan telah mendapatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam literasi keuangan digital. Mereka telah memahami konsep dan manfaat transaksi non tunai, pengelolaan keuangan digital, serta perlindungan konsumen dalam transaksi elektronik. Peningkatan literasi keuangan digital diharapkan dapat membantu masyarakat mengelola keuangan dengan lebih baik, mendorong inklusi keuangan, dan berkontribusi pada pertumbuhan ekonomi yang berkelanjutan di desa.
X-Ray Emission of Ultraviolet Variable Active Galactic Nucleus Candidates
Authors: Wasleske Erik J. , Baldassare Vivienne F.
Published: July 2023

We analyze the X-ray properties of a sample of 23 high-probability active galactic nucleus (AGN) candidates with ultraviolet variability identified in Wasleske et al. Using data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory and XMM-Newton Observatory, we that find 11/23 nuclei are X-ray detected. We use spectral energy distribution modeling to compute star formation rates and show that the X-ray luminosities are typically in excess of the X-ray emission expected from star formation by at least an order of magnitude. Interestingly, this sample shows a diversity of optical spectroscopic properties. We explore possible reasons for why some objects lack optical spectroscopic signatures of black hole activity while still being UV-variable and X-ray bright. We find that host galaxy stellar emission and obscuration from gas and dust are potential factors. We study where this sample falls on relationships such as α
OX − L
2500 and L
X − L
IR and find that some of the sample falls outside the typical scatter for these relations, indicating that they differ from the standard quasar population. With the diversity of optical spectroscopic signatures and varying impacts of dust and stellar emissions on our sample, these results emphasize the strength of variability in selecting the most complete set of AGN, regardless of other host galaxy properties.
3D Spectroscopy with GTC-MEGARA of the Triple AGN Candidate in SDSS J102700.40+174900.8
Authors: Benítez Erika , Ibarra-Medel Héctor , Negrete Castalia Alenka , Cruz-González Irene , Rodríguez-Espinosa José Miguel , Liu Xin , Shen Yue
Published: July 2023

Triple–active galactic nucleus (AGN) systems are expected to be the result of the hierarchical model of galaxy formation. Since there are very few of them confirmed as such, we present the results of a new study of the triple AGN candidate SDSS J102700.40+174900.8 (center nucleus) through observations with the GTC-MEGARA Integral Field Unit. 1D and 2D analysis of the line ratios of the three nuclei allow us to locate them in the EW(Hα) versus [N ii]/Hα diagram. The central nucleus is found to be a retired galaxy (or fake AGN). The neighbors are found to be a strong AGN (southeastern nucleus, J102700.55+174900.2), compatible with a Seyfert 2 (Sy2) galaxy, and a weak AGN (northern nucleus, J102700.38+174902.6), compatible with a LINER2. We find evidence that the neighbors constitute a dual AGN system (Sy2–LINER2) with a projected separation of 3.98 kpc in the optical bands. The Hα velocity map shows that the northern nucleus has an Hα emission with a velocity offset of ∼−500 km s−1, whereas the southeastern nucleus has a rotating disk and Hα extended emission at kiloparsec scales. Chandra archival data confirm that the neighbors have X-ray (0.5–2) keV and (2–7) keV emission, whereas the center nucleus shows no X-ray emission. A collisional ring with knots is observed in Hubble Space Telescope images of the southeastern nucleus. These knots coincide with star formation regions that, along with the ring, are predicted in a head-on collision. In this case, the morphology changes are probably due to a minor merger that was produced by the passing of the northern through the southeastern nucleus.
The Formation of a U-shaped Filament Due to the Successive Magnetic Reconnection between a Filament and Its Nearby Chromospheric Fibrils
Authors: Yang Liping , Yan Xiaoli , Xue Zhike , Wang Jincheng , Yang Liheng , Xu Zhe , Li Qiaoling , Zhou Yian , Peng Yang , Zhang Xinsheng
Published: July 2023

Although magnetic reconnection plays a key role in the formation of a solar filament, the detailed formation process is still ambiguous. Combining the observational data from the New Vacuum Solar Telescope and the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we analyzed the formation of a U-shaped filament via successive magnetic reconnection in the AR NOAA 11598 on 2012 October 25. The successive reconnection occurred between a filament (F) and its nearby chromospheric fibrils (CF). The associated brightening and magnetic cancellation were observed. The changes in appearance of the CF at the reconnection site were accompanied by the formation and accumulation of some new magnetic loops, as well as plasmas propagated along the formed magnetic loops from the reconnection site, indicating the changes in the topology of the F and CF. These can provide comprehensive observational evidence for successive reconnection. After the reconnection, a longer U-shaped filament was formed. During the formation of the U-shaped filament, two major magnetic energy releases took place. While in the two energy release processes, the injected plasma from the reconnection site can provide part of the material for the formation of the U-shaped filament. Therefore, we conclude that the successive reconnection results in both the dynamical evolution and the subsequent formation associated with the U-shaped filament. And the results of nonlinear force-free field extrapolation demonstrated that the magnetic topology of the F was changed significantly; this is consistent with the observational results and further confirms the formation of the U-shaped filament.
Soft X-Ray-induced Dimerization of Methane
Authors: Reinwardt S. , Baev I. , Cieslik P. , Baev K. , Buhr T. , Perry-Sassmannshausen A. , Schippers S. , Müller A. , Trinter F. , Viefhaus J. , Martins M.
Published: July 2023

Carbon 1s excitation of methane, CH4, has been studied in the gas phase using the ion trap integrated with the photon–ion instrument at PETRA III/DESY and soft X-rays from the beamline P04. The created photoions are stored within the ion trap so that in further steps the photoions can undergo reactions with neutral methane molecules. The ionic photoproducts as well as reaction products created thereby are mass-over-charge analyzed by an ion time-of-flight spectrometer. Besides the photoions, product ions with up to three carbon atoms are found. In contrast to experiments using vacuum ultraviolet radiation, especially highly reactive product ions with a small number of hydrogen atoms such as

C

2

H

2

+

and

C

2

H

3

+

are found, which are important precursors for larger hydrocarbons such as C6H6. Possible production routes of the product ions are analyzed on the basis of a model that considers the probabilities for photofragmentation and the first subsequent chemical reaction step. The model indicates that the high degree of fragmentation by photons with energies around 280 eV is favoring these products. The results of the measurements show that the products like

C

2

H

2

+

and

C

2

H

3

+

can be generated by a single collision of the ionization product with neutral methane. The results suggest that soft X-rays might be important for chemical reactions in planetary atmospheres, which has usually not been taken into account. However, due to the high degree of fragmentation and large cross sections involved, they can have a large influence even when the corresponding photon flux is rather small.
MAVEN Observations of the Interloop Magnetic Reconnections at Mars
Authors: Chen Guo , Huang Can , Zhang Ying , Ge Yasong , Du Aimin , Wang Rongsheng , Wang Lei , Shan Lican , Mazelle Christian , Luo Hao
Published: July 2023

Magnetic reconnection between neighboring magnetic field loops, the so-called interloop reconnection, is a common process to drive flares in the solar atmosphere. However, there is no direct evidence that a similar but less explosive process can take place on planets. The strong crustal fields on Mars generate plenty of magnetic loops in the near-Mars regions, providing a unique environment to research the interloop reconnection on a planet. Here, we report magnetic reconnection events between crustal field loops in the Martian ionosphere observed by Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) for the first time. During the current layer crossing, MAVEN recorded the characteristic signals of collisionless magnetic reconnection, including the Hall magnetic field, Alfvénic outflow, and electron energization. This finding implies that the interloop reconnection in the Martian ionosphere could contribute to the localized energy deposition and particle energization, which provides the seed source for aurora in the Martian atmosphere.
Kinetic Equilibrium of Two-dimensional Force-free Current Sheets
Authors: An Xin , Artemyev Anton , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Runov Andrei , Kamaletdinov Sergey
Published: July 2023

Force-free current sheets are local plasma structures with field-aligned electric currents and approximately uniform plasma pressures. Such structures, widely found throughout the heliosphere, are sites for plasma instabilities and magnetic reconnection, the growth rate of which is controlled by the structure’s current-sheet configuration. Despite the fact that many kinetic equilibrium models have been developed for one-dimensional force-free current sheets, their two-dimensional (2D) counterparts, which have a magnetic field component normal to the current sheets, have not received sufficient attention to date. Here, using particle-in-cell simulations, we search for such 2D force-free current sheets through relaxation from an initial, magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium. Kinetic equilibria are established toward the end of our simulations, thus demonstrating the existence of kinetic force-free current sheets. Although the system currents in the late equilibrium state remain field aligned as in the initial configuration, the velocity distribution functions of both ions and electrons systematically evolve from their initial drifting Maxwellians to their final time-stationary Vlasov state. The existence of 2D force-free current sheets at kinetic equilibrium necessitates future work in discovering additional integrals of motion of the system, constructing the kinetic distribution functions, and eventually investigating their stability properties.
Facilitating a Virtual International Experience for Undergraduate Students: Creating Global Awareness and Connection
Authors: Kumpula Renee S. , Krumwiede Kelly A.
Published: July 2023

Background:

Preparing nursing students for practice is supported by developing a global perspective of health care delivery models. However, many schools of nursing and students lack the resources for study abroad.

Method:

Using a virtual stay-in place model, 42 international students applied an evidenced-based approach to study statistics, research, transitions in care, and elder care models that supported collaboration among peers from Austria, Switzerland, Chile, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Students explored social, economic, and reimbursement factors not encountered in the typical classroom.

Results:

Student beliefs and perspectives changed after completing a program with global peers. Survey results and themes in reflection papers indicated increased ability to conceptualize content in new ways, including holistic elder care, cultural practices and reimbursement options, and effects on future practice.

Conclusion:

Virtual international learning experiences are an effective education innovation that allows student to connect and learn from one another using a stay-in place model.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2023;62(11):647–649.]
Sufficient statistics for frictional wage dispersion and growth
Authors: Vejlin Rune , Veramendi Gregory F.
Published: July 2023

This paper develops a sufficient statistics approach for estimating the role of search frictions in wage dispersion and life‐cycle wage growth. We show how the wage dynamics of displaced workers are directly informative of both for a large class of search models. Specifically, the correlation between pre‐ and post‐displacement wages is informative of frictional wage dispersion. Furthermore, the fraction of displaced workers who suffer a wage loss is informative of frictional wage growth and job‐to‐job mobility, independent of the job‐offer distribution and other labor‐market parameters. Applying our methodology to US data, we find that search frictions account for less than 20% of wage dispersion. In addition, we estimate that between 40 to 80% of workers experience no frictional wage growth during an employment spell. Our approach allows us to estimate how frictions change over time. We find that frictional wage dispersion has declined substantially since 1980 and that frictional wage growth, while low, is more important toward the end of expansionary periods. We finish by estimating two versions of a random search model to show how at least two different mechanisms—involuntary job transitions or compensating differentials—can reconcile our results with the job‐to‐job mobility seen in the data. Regardless of the mechanism, the estimated models show that frictional wage growth accounts for about 15% of life‐cycle wage growth.
Bootstrapping Laplace transforms of volatility
Authors: Hounyo Ulrich , Liu Zhi , Varneskov Rasmus T.
Published: July 2023

This paper studies inference for the realized Laplace transform (RLT) of volatility in a fixed‐span setting using bootstrap methods. Specifically, since standard wild bootstrap procedures deliver inconsistent inference, we propose a local Gaussian (LG) bootstrap, establish its first‐order asymptotic validity, and use Edgeworth expansions to show that the LG bootstrap inference achieves second‐order asymptotic refinements. Moreover, we provide new Laplace transform‐based estimators of the spot variance as well as the covariance, correlation, and beta between two semimartingales, and adapt our bootstrap procedure to the requisite scenario. We establish central limit theory for our estimators and first‐order asymptotic validity of their associated bootstrap methods. Simulations demonstrate that the LG bootstrap outperforms existing feasible inference theory and wild bootstrap procedures in finite samples. Finally, we illustrate the use of the new methods by examining the coherence between stocks and bonds during the global financial crisis of 2008 as well as the COVID‐19 pandemic stock sell‐off during 2020, and by a forecasting exercise.
Fixed‐effects binary choice models with three or more periods
Authors: Davezies Laurent , D'Haultfœuille Xavier , Mugnier Martin
Published: July 2023

We consider fixed‐effects binary choice models with a fixed number of periods
T and regressors without a large support. If the time‐varying unobserved terms are i.i.d. with known distribution
F, Chamberlain (2010) shows that the common slope parameter is point identified if and only if
F is logistic. However, he only considers in his proof
T = 2. We show that the result does not generalize to
T ≥ 3: the common slope parameter can be identified when
F belongs to a family including the logit distribution. Identification is based on a conditional moment restriction. Under restrictions on the covariates, these moment conditions lead to point identification of relative effects. If
T = 3 and mild conditions hold, GMM estimators based on these conditional moment restrictions reach the semiparametric efficiency bound. Finally, we illustrate our method by revisiting Brender and Drazen (2008).
Ellsberg meets Keynes at an urn
Authors: Chew Soo Hong , Miao Bin , Zhong Songfa
Published: July 2023

Keynes (1921) and Ellsberg (1961) have articulated an aversion toward betting on an urn containing balls of two colors of unknown proportion to one with a 50–50 composition. Keynes views this as reflecting different preferences for bets arising from different sources of uncertainty. Ellsberg describes this as weighting the priors arising from the unknown urn pessimistically. In two experiments, we observe substantial links between attitude toward almost‐objective uncertainty and attitudes toward multiple‐prior uncertainties in terms of ambiguity and its corresponding compound risk. Our findings point to a shared component across domains of uncertainty and motivate the need for further theoretical development.
Against the Precisificational Approach to Fictional Inconsistencies
Authors: Yum Inchul
Published: July 2023

Fictional realists claim that fictional characters like Spiderman exist in reality. Against this view, Anthony Everett (2005; 2013) argues that fictional realists cannot determine whether characters α and β are identical if the relevant fiction states that α and β are identical and distinct at the same time. Some fictional realists, such as Ross Cameron (2013) and Richard Woodward (2017), respond to this objection by saying that the sense in which α and β are identical differs from the sense in which they are distinct. In this paper, I argue that Cameron and Woodward cannot handle all cases without undermining the theoretical foundation of their approach, namely, the thesis that the identity of fictional characters must be determined by the content of the relevant fiction.

Note: A typo in (E2) has been corrected as of Jan. 2025: https://doi.org/10.3998/ergo.7251
What Are Symmetries?
Authors: Baker David John
Published: July 2023

I advance a stipulational account of symmetry-to-reality inference, according to which symmetries are part of the content of theories. For a theory to have a certain symmetry is for the theory to stipulate that models related by the symmetry represent the same possibility. I show that the stipulational account compares positively with alternatives, including Dasgupta’s epistemic account of symmetry, Møller-Nielsen’s motivational account, and so-called formal and ontic accounts. In particular, the stipulational account avoids the problems Belot and Dasgupta have raised against formal and ontic accounts of symmetry while retaining many of the advantages of these otherwise-attractive frameworks.
How (Not) To Wrong Others with Our Thoughts: A Liberal Challenge Against the Possibility of Doxastic Wronging
Authors: Bratu Christine
Published: July 2023

In recent years, a number of authors have claimed that we can wrong each other simply by having certain beliefs—in particular sexist, racist, ableist etc. beliefs—about each other. So far, those who argue for the possibility of so-called doxastic wronging have tried to defend this idea by focusing on issues of doxastic control and coordination. In this paper, I raise a distinctly moral challenge against the possibility of doxastic wronging. I show that the idea of doxastic wronging runs afoul of the liberal principle according to which all moral obligations have to be justifiable vis-à-vis those they presume to bind. In addition, I argue that there is a better way to account for the fundamental intuition driving the debate: instead of assuming the possibility of doxastic wronging and the morally grounded epistemic duty it implies, we should conceptualize what is morally problematic about bigoted beliefs in terms of the harm they constitute for their targets.
Nation Branding as a Strategic Asset for Local SMEs
Authors: Sophocleous Harry P. H.
Published: July 2023

The chapter intends to present a theoretical and applied context in relation to small-scale enterprises performing in relation to the optimization of marketing and branding through the use and the instrumentation of nation branding, which is applied as an analytical context. Consequently, arguments and models rinsing on the obstacle and multi-dimensional setting of small business performance features pertaining to competitive advantages, as well as their capability to exploit possible prospects, are augmented via the implementation of an inclusive branding by instrumenting nation branding as a strategic asset.
Adult Basic Education Provision and Human Capital Development Perceptions of Adult Educators
Authors: Krexe Mziwoxolo Richmond Richmond
Published: July 2023

This chapter raises an argument as to whether provision of adult basic education in the Eastern Cape Province of the Republic of South Africa can lead to bigger issues in the form of developing human capital which, in turn, will lead to inclusion of those once marginalised and excluded in the economic activities of South Africa. The main research question—To what extent does adult basic education and training (ABET) provision contribute to human capital development?—was pursued to probe the perceptions of educators in ABET centres and those in the education districts. A survey design, underpinned by the interpretivist paradigm, was used in this investigation, employing qualitative research method. One hundred and five (105) educators in the ABET centres and six (6) in the district offices participated in the study. The educators in ABET centres and those in district offices were purposefully selected. Data collection took place through questionnaires and interviews. The qualitative data were transcribed word for word for purposes of tracing any observable themes.
Marginalisation of Older Adults in the Digitalisation Drive in Ghana
Authors: Abakah Ellen , Berko Kofi Konadu
Published: July 2023

The past decade has witnessed an overwhelming digital wave, with the Internet and associated information communication technologies (ICT) permeating every facet of life. This has had governments implement digitalisation agendas to provide their services online. However, although globally, the number of Internet and ICT users have increased tremendously, there continues to persist a digital divide in access and use of these ICT and related technologies. One such divide is generational, prevailing among younger and older adults. This chapter examines such a divide within the Ghanaian context. The chapter analyses Ghana's digitalising attempts and the positioning of adult learning and education in bridging the digital inequalities affecting older adults in Ghana. The chapter argues that the continual marginalisation of adults in the digitalised space could create a new form of social exclusion. However, adult learning and education can be harnessed as a nexus in bridging such a generational gap and must be considered within Ghana's broader digitalisation policy frameworks.
IL-27 Gene Therapy Induces Stat3-Mediated Expansion of CD11b+Gr1+ Myeloid Cells and Promotes Accumulation of M1 Macrophages in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Zhu Jianmin , Yu Jianyu , Hu Aiyan , Liu Jin-Qing , Pan Xueliang , Xin Gang , Carson William E , Li Zihai , Yang Yiping , Bai Xue-Feng
Published: July 2023

IL-27 is a pleiotropic cytokine that exhibits stimulatory/regulatory functions on multiple lineages of immune cells and has a potential to be used as a therapeutic for cancer. We have recently demonstrated that administration of IL-27 producing adeno-associated virus (AAV-IL-27) exhibits potent inhibition of tumor growth in mouse models. In this study, we demonstrate that AAV-IL-27 treatment leads to significant expansion of CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid cells. AAV-IL-27–induced expansion of CD11b+Gr1+ cells is IL-27R–dependent and requires Stat3 signaling, but it is inhibited by Stat1 signaling. AAV-IL-27 treatment does not increase the self-renewal capacity of CD11b+Gr1+ cells but induces significant expansion of Lin−Sca1+c-Kit+ (LSK) and granulocyte–monocyte progenitor cells. Despite exhibiting significant suppression of T cells in vitro, IL-27–induced CD11b+Gr1+ cells lost the tumor-promoting activity in vivo and overall play an antitumor role. In tumors from AAV-IL-27–treated mice, CD11b+Gr1+ cells are largely F4/80+ and express high levels of MHC class I/II and M1 macrophage markers. Thus, IL-27 gene therapy induces Stat3-mediated expansion of CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid cells and promotes accumulation of M1 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment.
Epithelial TIPE1 Protein Guards against Colitis by Inhibiting TNF-α–Mediated Inflammation
Authors: Lou Yunwei , Jiang Shan , Song Miaomiao , Wang Han , Han Meijuan , Tian Xueqin , Zhao Yuxin , Gao Jingtao , Song Yaru , Ma Shujun , Zhao Peiqing , Zheng Qianqian , Niu Zhiyuan , Zhang Wen , Chang Tingmin , Chen Youhai H , Wang Hui
Published: July 2023

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) at the internal/external interface orchestrate the mucosal immune response, and IEC dysfunction has been linked to multiple inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we found that a member of the TNF-α–induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8 or TIPE) family called TIPE1 is indispensable for maintaining epithelial cell barrier integrity and homeostasis under inflammatory conditions. TIPE1-deficient mice, or chimeric mice that were deficient in TIPE1 in their nonhematopoietic cells, were more sensitive to dextran sulfate sodium–induced experimental colitis; however, TIPE1 deficiency had no impact on the development of inflammation-associated and sporadic colorectal cancers. Mechanistically, TIPE1 prevented experimental colitis through modulation of TNF-α–dependent inflammatory response in IECs. Importantly, genetic deletion of both TIPE1 and its related protein TNFAIP8 in mice led to the development of spontaneous chronic colitis, indicating that both of these two TIPE family members play crucial roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Collectively, our findings highlight an important mechanism by which TIPE family proteins maintain intestinal homeostasis and prevent inflammatory disorders in the gut.
Test-Retest Reliability and Reliable Change Index of Mobile Application Neurocognitive Testing Among Middle and High School Athletes
Authors: Hashida Kumiko , Lee JongSoo , Furutani Troy , Tsushima William T. , Tamura Kaori
Published: July 2023

Context

A mobile application neurocognitive assessment has been used in place of equipment-intensive computerized neurocognitive-assessment protocols. A previous study showed high to very high test-retest reliability of neurocognitive assessment using the mobile application in healthy adults, but no researchers have explored test-retest reliability, reliable change indices (RCIs), and sex effects in middle school and high school populations when conducted 1 year apart.

Objectives

To examine the test-retest reliability and RCIs of baseline data collected at 2 time points approximately 1 year apart using a mobile application neurocognitive test in middle school and high school athletes. The secondary purpose was to investigate sex differences in neurocognitive measures.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Institution.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 172 middle school and high school healthy student-athletes (mean age = 13.78 ± 1.59 years).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Mobile application neurocognitive test scores (reaction time, impulse control, inspection, and memory).

Results

Neurocognitive measures had low test-retest reliability across a 1-year time period in the middle and high school settings. Upon retesting, reaction time and inspection time improved in both middle and high school athletes, and impulse control improved in middle school athletes. More athletes in middle school showed RCI improvements compared with high school athletes. Although both males and females demonstrated improvements in neurocognitive measures throughout adolescence, males outperformed females in reaction time and impulse control.

Conclusions

A mobile application neurocognitive test displayed unacceptably low test-retest reliability, most likely due to the cognitive development occurring throughout adolescence. Additionally, significant RCIs were noted. These naturally occurring improvements due to cognitive development could mask postconcussion deficits. Age and sex warrant consideration with respect to the neurocognitive performance of middle and high school athletes.
Determinants of Intention to Disclose Musculoskeletal Injury in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Cheever Kelly Martell , Dewig Derek , Nedimyer Aliza K. , Register-Mihalik Johna K. , Kossman Melissa K.
Published: July 2023

Context

Although research indicates that the key to minimizing the effect of musculoskeletal injury, improving care, and mitigating long-term effects is to improve early injury care seeking, little is known about barriers to early musculoskeletal injury disclosure and care seeking.

Objective

To identify which determinants predicted sport-related musculoskeletal (MSK) injury disclosure by adolescent athletes.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Online survey.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 564 adolescent athletes (58% male, age = 15.81 ± 1.8 years).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Online survey exploring determinants of age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, injury knowledge, attitudes, perceived social norms, and perceived behavioral control surrounding MSK injury disclosure, intention to disclose MSK injury, and actual behavior of disclosing MSK injury.

Results

Of the respondents, 457 (80.2%) reported having sustained ≥1 (mean = 3.2 ± 2.2; range = 1–10) MSK injuries related to sport. Those who endorsed having experienced an MSK injury disclosed not reporting or purposefully hiding 77% of their suspected MSK injuries. Several factors influenced a high intention to disclose MSK injury. Specifically, for each unit increase in total MSK injury knowledge (Exp[β] = 1.061, β=0.054, P = .020, 95% CI = 1.031, 1.221) and attitude (Exp[β] = 1.070, β = 0.064, P < .001, 95% CI = 1.027, 1.115) score, 6% and 7% increases in the likelihood of a high intention to disclose an MSK injury, respectively, were observed. Moreover, for each unit increase in the social norm score (Exp[β] = 1.178, β=0.164, P < .001, 95% CI = 1.119, 1.241), an 18% increase in the likelihood of a high intention to disclose an MSK injury was noted.

Conclusions

Designing interventions geared toward increasing the knowledge of signs and symptoms of MSK injury, improving attitudes surrounding disclosure, and better understanding the social context of disclosing MSK injuries may improve MSK injury disclosure behavior and reduce the associated social and economic burdens of these injuries.
Expectations of qualified deaf interpreters (DIs)
Authors: Urdal Gro Hege Saltnes , Skaten Ingeborg
Published: July 2023

Qualified deaf interpreters (DIs) are starting to enter the sign language interpreting market in Norway. This poses a challenge for both the interpreter profession and interpreting agencies, which have thus far provided work for hearing interpreters offering interpreting services for deaf individuals, not by them. This explorative study shows that more information is needed regarding the way in which DIs influence the interpreting market. At the same time, hearing interpreters see opportunities for their own professional development when collaborating with DIs, specifically for the improvement of their own linguistic and cultural competences.
Gender equality and/or inequality?
Authors: Landqvist Hans
Published: July 2023

This article presents a study of publicly available Svenskt översättarlexikon ‘The Swedish Encyclopaedia of Translators’ (SwET 2009), most probably the first digital encyclopaedia of translators. The study is situated in the fields of the sociology of translators, (literary) translator studies, and translation history, and focuses on how female translators are described, characterized and evaluated in the version of SwET from 2022. Three research questions are addressed in the paper: (1) What is the ratio of entries presenting female and male translators in the SwET? (2) What is the quantitative treatment of the partners in the sub-category “Translator Couples”? (3) And what are the descriptions, characterizations and evaluations of the partners in that sub-category? In response to the three RQs, the same three situations emerge: (a) gender equality and inequality, (b) gender equality, and (c) gender inequality. Possible explanations for the results reported are presented and discussed. Finally, proposals for future studies of digital translator encyclopaedias are presented.
Pandemia COVID-19 jako źródło modyfikacji polskiej historiografii medycznej
Authors: Jeszke Jaromir
Published: July 2023

The article discusses possible inspirations for medical historians resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. The author analyzes the role of the history of medicine in the COVID-19 pandemic. This situation is understood as an opportunity for changes in Polish medical historiography in its non-classical sense. The author also investigates the narrative structures, showing how, in the context of a pandemic, such fundamental metaphors as pathogenesis, salutogenesis or pathocenosis could be used. The attention is also given to public discourse, inspiring the historian of medicine to address such notions as breakthroughs in science, the process of validating new medical knowledge during a pandemic crisis, or anti-science. The concept of pathocenosis as a theoretical framework for the scientific and public ‘COVID-related’ discourse was analyzed as a case study. The author treats this reflection as an invitation to discuss the changes in Polish medical historiography in the face of a medical crisis.
Zagajewski’s Reflections on the Interior
Authors: Shallcross Bożena
Published: July 2023

The text asks the question about Adam Zagajewski’s understanding of the interior space of one’s home. Guided by his post-memory, Zagajewski describes a coping mechanism based on withdrawal into one’s place and its interiority that was construed by the Poles resettled from former Polish territories in the East as an etui, a cover protecting the traumatized selves and their memorabilia from the new, unacceptable reality. Such a protective etui created by the four walls of one’s room was during communism a site of collecting and even hoarding broken things. Obsessive collecting lead to the destruction of even a modicum of comfort and the optic perspective in the over-crowded rooms. The consequence of these two processes of interiorization allows the author to refute the notion that Zagajewski was an aesthete.
Deliberative empowered democracy – systemowa pozycja aktora i składniki rozstrzygania publicznego. Próba rozszerzenia i reinterpretacji modelowej propozycji Luigiego Bobbia
Authors: Sroka Jacek
Published: July 2023

Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie modelowych wniosków odnoszących się do tych konfiguracji systemowego usytuowania aktorów, które wzmacniają układ składników rozstrzygania publicznego, sprzyjający tworzeniu i utrwalaniu prodeliberacyjnych, wiążących wzorów zachowania. Ich kreacja oraz konserwacja najskuteczniej przybliżałyby wariant demokracji wzmacnianej uzgodnieniowo. Zarazem oddalałyby zagrożenia demokracji nieuzgodnieniowej (rywalizacyjnej, z wątkami kontestacji, konfrontacji) oraz uzgodnieniowo osłabianej – między innymi przez omijanie instytucji formalnych drogą nieformalnych, ale utrwalonych (kulturowo zinstytucjonalizowanych wzorców relacji, np. patronacko-klientelistycznych). Zawarta w tekście propozycja modelowa mieści się w formule wdrożeniowo zorientowanych, tzw. teorii średniego zasięgu, które kojarzone są z analizą problemów bliższych praktycznym policies, choć nie abstrahują od badań uwarunkowań typowych dla politics.

The aim of the article is to formulate the conclusions extending the Bobbio’s proposal and relating to such configurations of the systemic positioning of actors that are conducive to shaping the system of decision components able to the creation and consolidation of pro-deliberative binding patterns of behaviors in public policy. Their creation and conservation would most effectively approximate the consensus driven variant of democracy. At the same time, they would dismiss the threats of non-consensual democracy and also those weakened by agreement – e.g. by the bypassing the formal institutions through informal, but well established one. The model proposal contained in the text will fit into the implementation-oriented formula of the so-called mid-range theories, which are associated with the analysis of problems closer to the practical aspects of public policies, although without disregarding the studies on determinants typical for the broader context of politics.
Acting Alone Together: Reconfiguration of the Pro-Migrant and Refugee Activists’ Arena in Poland
Authors: Piotrowski Grzegorz
Published: July 2023

The sphere of grassroots and civil activism became highly politicized before the 2015 elections. The introduction of the new policies has resulted in higher levels of mobilizations, both supporting and resisting the new policies of the PiS government. For instance, Poland has switched from a country with the highest acceptance rate for refugees in the EU to the one with the lowest rate within around a year sparking a number of anti-migrant and anti-refugee mobilizations and at the same time fueled the growth of initiatives opposing the trend. The narrative about masses of refugees in Poland and at its borders threatening various aspects of Polish culture, civilization, and identity started to keep heat in the bed and have provoked numerous intended and unintended consequences, political and social, so as further campaigns against LGBT community. In this paper I reflect on the development of the anti-fascist and anti-racist movements in Poland in the face of structural changes that are a result of the political shift initiated in 2015.