bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Herd Immunity Tantangan New Normal Era Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Hardy Fathinah Ranggauni
Published: February 2022

Penyebaran virus corona Covid-19 semakin berkembang secara pesat di seluruh dunia. Kondisi ini menyebabkan Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) menetapkan wabah ini menjadi pandemi global. Di samping status wabah Covid-19 ini, muncul istilah Herd Immunity dalam dunia kesehatan sebagai upaya perlindungan diri atau imunitas tubuh dan tantangan pada era new normal saat ini. Herd immunity bisa muncul dengan cara membiarkan virus terus menyebar sehingga banyak orang terinfeksi dan apabila mereka sembuh, banyak orang akan kebal sehingga wabah akan hilang dengan sendirinya karena virus sulit menemukan host atau inang untuk membuatnya tetap hidup dan berkembang. Semakin banyak orang yang mengalami Herd Immunity akan berdampak bagi lingkungan sosialnya yaitu melindungi kelompok masyarakat yang bukan merupakan sasaran imunisasi dari penyakit atau virus yang menyerang. Herd Immunity bisa tercipta dengan menggunakan dua cara: Dengan cara menyuntikkan vaksinasi atau obat untuk penangkalan penyebaran virus tersebut. Kekebalan tersebut akan muncul dari vaksin yang disuntikkan dan tidak membuat virus dari orang yang terjangkit menular pada orang lain. Herd Immunity bisa tercipta tidak dengan suntik vaksin, yaitu dengan cara alami. Herd Immunity akan tercipta apabila dalam satu kelompok sudah banyak yang terpapar virus, maka orang lain dalam masyarakat tersebut akan memiliki tingkat kekebalan yang baik dengan sendirinya dan bisa menangkal penyebaran virus. Pada kasus virus Covid-19, sampai saat ini memang belum ditemukan vaksin atau obat yang dapat menangkal penyebarannya. Maka Herd Immunity hanya dapat dijalankan dengan cara alami yaitu dengan cara pemulihan pasien yang sudah terinfeksi.                                 Cara alamiah yang dimaksud yaitu dengan membiarkan Covid-19 menginfeksi sebagian besar orang di beberapa wilayah. Banyaknya yang terinfeksi kemudian akan menciptakan Herd Immunity. Memilih menggunakan cara alami penciptaan Herd Immunity pada penanganan virus Covid-19 sebenarnya tidak disarankan untuk menjadi pilihan utama. Hal itu dikarenakan tingkat infeksi yang sangat cepat di seluruh dunia hingga dapat mengakibatkan kematian maka cara tersebut justru membahayakan lingkungan. Ada upaya lain yang bisa diterapkan untuk menahan penyebaran virus Covid-19, yaitu dengan membatasi kontak orang-ke-orang dan mendesak masyarakat untuk mengambil langkah-langkah untuk melindungi diri mereka sendiri dan orang lain atau yang dikenal dengan istilah Social Distancing atau Physical Distancing.
Efektivitas Pelatihan dengan Media Phantom dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Perawatan Payudara dan Asi Ekslusif pada Ibu Hamil
Authors: Nurrizka Rahmah Hida , Wenny Dwi Mutia
Published: February 2022

Latar Belakang: Dalam meningkatkan pemberian ASI pada bayi, Ibu menyusui membutuhkan bantuan dan informasi serta dukungan dalam perawatan payudara pada saat hamil untuk mempersiapkan pemberian ASI. Penelitian ini menganalisis sejauh mana pelatihan perawatan payudara dengan menggunakan media phantom memberikan efektivitas terhadap perubahan pengetahuan Ibu menyusui.

Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain stusi preeksperimental dengan rancangan one group pretest posttest. Penelitian dilakukan pada Ibu Hamil yang berkunjung di Puskesmas Pondok cabe Ilir.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi perubahan  yang signifikan terhadap pengetahuan ibu setelah dilakukan pelatihan dengan media phantom (nilai sig < 0.05).

Kesimpulan: Pelatihan dengan penggunaan media phantom Imenunjukkan efektivitas yang baik sebagai media pelatihan kepada ibu menyusui. Oleh sebab itu, pelatihan dengan media phantom perlu terus dilakukan agar pemberian ASI ekslusif dapat meningkat.

Effectiveness of Training with Phantom Media as Treatment of Breastfeeding Success

Abstract

Background: Pregnant and nursing mothers need information on breast care to prepare for breastfeeding. This study analyzes the extent to which breast care training using phantom media provides effectiveness in changing the knowledge for pregnant mother.

Methods: This study was pre-experimental design which one group pretest and posttest design. It conducted on pregnant women who visited the Pondok Cabe Ilir health center during September 2019. Data were analyzed using t dependent test.

Result: The results showed a significant change in the mother's knowledge after training with  phantom media (sig <0,05).

Conclution: The training with phantom media showed good effectiveness as a training medium in pregnant women. Therefore, training with phantom media needs to be carried out so that exclusive breastfeeding runs well.
Kebersihan Perorangan dan Kecacingan pada Siswa SDN 128 Pekanbaru
Authors: Sari Nila Puspita , Hayati Zahratul
Published: February 2022

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Infeksi cacing kerap menjadi permasalah bagi anak sekolah. Aktivitas bermain pada anak yang tidak memperdulikan kondisi higiene perorangan dan lingkungan sekitarnya. Cacingan berakibat buruk pada kemampuan anak dalam menerima dan mengikuti pelajaran di sekolah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan higiene perorangan dengan kejadian kecacingan pada siswa sekolah dasar

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa SDN 128 Pekanbaru kelas 2,3 dan 4, dengan sampel sebanyak 47 orang (purposive sampling). Dilakukan analisis data dengan uji chi-square dan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat ukur, pemeriksaan laboratorium, serta pengolahan data menggunakan komputerisasi.

Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa cuci tangan pakai sabun, pengunaan alas kaki, kebersihan jari kuku, jajan sembarangan, dan bermain tanah (P value= 0,001;0,002; 0,001; 0,003; 0,001) memiliki hubungan dengan kecacingan pada siswa sekolah dasar di SDN 128 Kota Pekanbaru.

Kesimpulan: Dinas Kesehatan diharapkan adanya kerjasama dengan Puskesmas dan Pihak Sekolah untuk memberikan pembinaan, penyuluhan, dan pemberian obat cacing berkala pada siswa sekolah dasar agar terhindar dari risiko penyakit cacingan.

Personal Hygiene and Helminthiasis of Primary School Students 128 in Pekanbaru

 Abstract

Background: An elementary school student is very vulnerable to helminthiasis infections, this is caused by their habit of playing and they usually do not pay attention to their hygiene and environment. These can cause affect the children able to receive and attend the school lessons. This study aimed to determine the relationship between personal hygiene and helminthiasis at elementary students.

Methods: This research used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design, with respondents SDN 128 Pekanbaru. Populations were students of SDN 128 Pekanbaru at 2nd, 3rd, and 4th grade and samples are 47 people (purposive sampling). Data analysis used chi-square test, questionnaire, laboratory test, and processing data using computerization.

Result:  This research showed that there as a correlation between washing hand with soap, using footwear, nails hygiene, eating ransom snack, and playing on the ground (P value= 0,001; 0,002; 0,001; 0,003; 0,001) with the incidence of helminthiasis.

Conclusion:  Suggested to the nearest institution which is the health service, hoped to assume the operation with the health center and the school to provide counseling and giving o worm medicines regularly to elementary students to prevent the incidence of helminthiasis.
PELATIHAN PERENCANAAN BISNIS BAGI USAHA KECIL PENGOLAHAN BATAKO KAMPUNG CISEUPAN KOTA CIMAHI
Authors: Dialysa Fia , Prasetyo Mohammad Hadi , Maulani Terra Saptina
Published: February 2022

Progam pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan, bertujuan untuk memberikan pelatihan perencanaan bisnis bagi usaha kecil pengolahan batako di KampungCiseupan Kota Cimahi sebagai salah satu upaya meningkatkan kemampuan dan keterampilan usaha kecil agar dapat meningkatkan usahanya, dan dapat melakukan perencanaan bisnis dengan sistematis sehingga pihak investor dan Bank dapat membantu memberikankredit modal dalam upaya mengembangkan usaha batako yang sudah berlangsung. Masalah yang sering dihadapi oleh para pelaku usaha diantaranya adalah tidak dilakukannya perencanaan bisnis dengan baik sehingga berakibat pada hasilproduksi yang kurang maksimal, pemasaran yang kurang gencar, sistem keuangan usaha yang tidak sistematis serta kurangnya kualitas sumber daya manusia. Para pelaku usaha batako yang menjadi objek pada program ini dapat dikatakan memiliki masalah pada proposal bisnis.Objek Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini adalah pelaku usaha pengolahanbatako di Kampung Ciseupan Kota Cimahi.Solusi yang diberikan berupa Pelatihan Perencanaan Bisnis bagi Usaha Kecil Pengolahan Batako Kampung Ciseupan Kota Cimahi.
MANAJEMEN SEKOLAH HIJAU BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Paramita V. Santi , Indiyati Dian , Ndaruhadi P.Y.M. Wibowo , Nuyman Amir
Published: February 2022

Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini bertujuan menerapkan manajemen sekolah hijau berwawasan lingkungan (eco green school management) melalui penanaman jiwa dan semangat cinta lingkungan serta mengubah perilaku warga sekolah.” Kegiatan dilaksanakan melalui beberapa sup program, yaitu: 1) Program peninjauan dan penerapan kurikulum 2) Program penghijauan sekolah, 3) Program pembuatan alat peraga produksi kompos sederhana, 4) Program sosialisasi teknik pengolahan sampah organik menjadi kompos, 5) Program sosialisasi pembuatan sarana tanam vertikultur dan hidroponik, 6) Program sosialisasi pembuatan lubang biopori dan 7) Program edukasi kepada masyarakat tentang teknik tanam vertikultur dan hidroponik. Program dilaksanakan dengan melibatkan peran aktif guru dan siswa, diantaranya melalui penerapan kurikulum berwawasan lingkungan dalam seluruh mata pelajaran secara terintegrasi; sosialisasi program dalam beberapa media; praktik menanam, merawat, dan memanen hasil tanam; pembiasaan membuang dan memilah sampah serta workshop tenik tanam hidroponik, vertical garden dan proses pembuatan kompos sederhana. Secara keseluruhan program dapat terlaksana dengan baik, Namun keberhasilan pelaksanaan program sangat ditentukan oleh kreatifitas guru dan peran aktif siswa dalam pelaksanaan program-program cinta lingkungan. Pengawasan dan pengendalian kegiatan harus berprinsip pada konsistensi dan kedisiplinan dalam menjamin keberlangsungan dan keberhasilan program. Pada akhirnya, evaluasi perlu dilakukan secara berkala, agar dapat merancang program yang menarik pada periode berikutnya.
PELATIHAN PACKAGING DAN BRANDING SERTA PEMBUKUAN SEDERHANA PADA USAHA YOGHURT DAN ES YOGHURT KECAMATAN KIARA CONDONG
Authors: Basuki Teguh Imam , Rusyandi Deddy
Published: February 2022

Produk es yoghurt dan yoghurt tidak dapat bertahan lama jika tidak disimpan pada lemari pedingin freezer, tidak adanya merek pada kemasan es yoghurt dan yoghurt menjadikan produk tersebut tidak mudah diingat oleh konsumen serta serta susahnya akses permodalan karena belum memiliki laporan keungan. Kegitan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemehaman tentang kewirausahaan, pasar, merek, etika bisnis, teknologi informasi untuk dsain merk dan laporan keuangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah pelatihan serta tutorial kepada para pekerja es yoghurt dan yoghurt. Hasil kegiatan ini peserta memahami pentingnya membuat produk dengan kemasan dan merk yang menarik sehingga memiliki daya jual. Disamping itu mereka mampu merubah mindset untuk menjadi wirausaha dengan memiliki serta memahami pentingnya pembukuan sebagai kontrol keuangan perusahaan juga dapat digunakan untuk persyaratan dalam mengajukan modal kepada lembaga keuanga.
WEBSITE DESIGN SEBAGAI EKSPANSI PASAR UNTUK PENGRAJIN TENUN SOPPENG
Authors: Satya Mutia Tri , Yudistria Yuyus
Published: February 2022

Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan promosi dan informasi yang didapat oleh masyarakat tentang tenun sutera Soppeng serta penggunaan media promosi tidak hanya mengandalkan media sosial dimana sangat terbatas jangkauannya. Metode dalam pelaksanaan dilakukan beberapa tahap seperti; 1). Berdiskusi dengan pengrajin tenun Soppeng mengenai keuntungan menggunakan website. 2). Memberikan website design dari berbagai referensi yang diambil. Dalam hal ini kami mengambil referensi dari website tenun yang telah ada sebagai perbandingan. Pelatihan penggunaan website Monitoring dan Evaluasi. Dengan melakukan program kegiatan pengabdian yang diharapkan dapat mempromosikan tenun ini sehingga bisa lebih dikenal oleh masyarakat luas dan semakin meningkatkan penjualan dimana dengan kegiatan-kegiatan yang kami lakukan pemasaran tenun cantika mengalami sekitar 10% peningkatan penjualan dan semakin banyak konsumen yang mengenal tenun cantika. Dengan program-program yang ditelah susun dapat memperluas pasar tenun cantika dan memperomosikan tenun ini tidak hanya di Sulawesi Selatan tetapi ke Seluruh Indonesia.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN KUALITAS DAN HASIL PRODUKSI SABLON, KONVEKSI DAN BORDIR GILDAN.BDG KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Authors: - Hanifah , Rahayu Novi Kadarini , Haerudin Hery
Published: February 2022

UMKM (Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah) sebagai salah satu wadah usaha masyarakat Indonesia memiliki peran penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia, yang merupakan cikal bakal usaha besar. Sebagian besar usaha yang berkembang di Indonesia berawal dari UMKM (Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah), sehingga UMKM ini harus terus dikembangkan agar terus maju dan mempunyai daya saing dengan usaha-usaha besar, agar keberadaannya menjadi jantung perekonomian masyarakat Indonesia. Dalam perkembangannya UMKM memiliki beberapa permasalahan diantaranya belum menguasai manajemen, belum paham bagaimana meningkatkan kualitas produksi, dan masih kurang memahaminya pembukuan. Tujuan pelaksanaan program PKM ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kualitas produksi sablon, pemasaran dan pembukuan sederhana konveksi dan bordir GILDAN.BANDUNG . Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ini terdiri dari empat tahapan, yaitu: perencanaan program (survey dan wawancara), pelaksanaan program (memberikan pelatihan dengan praktik langsung), evaluasi, dan refleksi (program pendampingan). Setelah melakukan kegiatan tersebut kualitas dan kuantitas produk GILDAN.BDG meningkat.
PKM: DOKTER CILIK, AGEN PERUBAHAN KESEHATAN DAN LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Ambarukmi P Fransiska , Paramita V. Santi
Published: February 2022

Program kemitraan dokter kecil ini bertujuan mengubah perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat dokter kecil dengan pendampingan dokter dan mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani (UNJANI). Dalam program ini, dokter kecil diberi kesempatan bermain peran sebagai dokter dan pasien dengan pendampingan dokter. Mereka mendapatkan gambaran lebih jelas tentang tugas dan tanggung jawab dokter dalam menangani pasien. Permasalahan yang dihadapi SD Santa Maria terkait program dokter kecil adalah: 1) Program kegiatan dokter kecil kurang menarik; 2) Kurangnya peminat program dokter kecil; 3) Dokter kecil belum memahami dengan baik tugas dan tanggung jawabnya 4) Terbatasnya sumber daya dan sumber dana; 5) Siswa belum memahami dan melaksanakan PHBS 6) Lingkungan sekolah belum sepenuhnya mendukung kesehatan siswa. Solusi yang telah dilaksanakan mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah: 1) pelatihan dan pendampingan kepada pembina program dokter kecil agar mampu menyusunan program kegiatan yang menarik; 2) Pelatihan dan pendampingan kepada dokter kecil agar memahami tugas dan tanggung jawabnya dengan baik; 3) Penyediaan sarana prasarana pendukung dokter kecil; 4) Menugaskan dokter kecil sebagai agen perubahan terkait PHBS; 5) Pelatihan kepada petugas kebersihan sekolah. Berbagai progam yang telah dilaksanakan dengan dukungan penuh guru dan siswa ini pada akhirnya mampu meningkatkan jumlah peserta ekstra kurikuler dokter kecil, meningkatkan pemahaman perilaku hidup bersih siswa, meningkatan kemampuan warga sekolah dalam memelihara kesehatan dan kebersihan lingkungan.
PROGRAM PELATIHAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DASAR DAN PEMBUATAN MODUL KEWIRAUSAHAAN UNTUK SMK ATURMUDIAH
Authors: Satya Mutia Tri , Tejaningrum Ayi , Hanifah Hanifah
Published: February 2022

SMK Aturmudiah terletak di Kabupaten Garut, serta merupakan SMK PJJ atau SMK Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh yang memiliki 75 siswa. SMK ini adalah sekolah bentuk paket C, yaitu bagi siswa yang ingin mendapatkan ijazah sekolah tingkat atas atau Sekolah Menengah atas namun memiliki hambatan untuk melanjutkan pendidikannya maka harus mengikuti ujian Paket C. Mengingat kondisi ekonomi masyarakat yang tertinggal dan sulitnya akses menuju fasilitas pendidikan (sekolah), membuat banyak dari masyarakat setempat putus sekolah dan tidak melanjutkan pendidikannya. Hal-hal tersebut yang menghambat pembangunan dan pengembangan pendidikan di SMK Aturmudiah yang menjadi solusi bagi mereka yang memiliki keterbatasan pendidikan di Desa Cintanegara. Selain menyediakan sarana untuk belajar, melalui program ini kami juga ingin memberikan pengetahuan mengenai pentingnya kewirausahaan dengan tujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan mengenai kewirausahaan dan menciptakan kemandirian ekonomi bagi para siswa melalui pelatihan dan modul pembelajaran kewirausahaan.
Analisis Praktik Arisan Barang di Desa Wawonduru Kecamatan Woja Kabupaten Dompu dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Amelia Rizky , Mulyani Ainun
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana praktik arisan barang di Desa Wawonduru. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian adalah ketua-ketua arisan barang dan anggota-anggota arisan barang yang ada di Desa Wawonduru. Dan objeknya adalah praktik arisan barang di Desa Wawonduru. Data penelitian dihimpun melalui metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa praktik arisan barang di Desa Wawonduru lahir disebabkan karena ketidakmampuan masyarakat untuk membeli barang secara tunai, para ketua dan anggota arisan menggunakan akad lisan dalam praktik arisannya, dalam penentuan nomor urut arisan terdapat ketidakadilan dan hal tersebut dilarang dalam Islam. Pengambilan keutungan yang dilakukan oleh ketua-ketua arisan merupakan hal yang dilarang dalam Islam karena pada dasarnya arisan seharusnya dilakukan untuk saling tolong menolong antar sesama, dan terdapat unsur penipuan terhadap kualitas barang arisan. Namun pada praktik arisan barang di Desa Wawonduru ini terdapat unsur kemaslahatan bagi ketua dan anggota-anggota arisan karena banyak yang merasa terbantu dengan adanya praktik arisan barang tersebut.
Penerapan Model Triple Helix dalam Meningkatkan Minat Berwirausaha Masyarakat Kelurahan Rabangodu Selatan pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Missouri Randitha , Alamin Zumhur , Azmin Ulil
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan dampak penerapan model triple helix dalam meningkatkan minat berwirausaha masyarakat Rabangodu Selatan pada masa pandemi covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tiga cara yaitu, wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumen. Analisis data menggunakan interactive model, yaitu dengan mengumpulkan data, mereduksi, menyajikan data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Pengujian keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi teknik dan sumber. Waktu penelitian empat bulan, dimulai dari April hingga Juli 2021 berlokasi di Rabangodu Selatan Kota Bima. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model triple helix belum mampu meningkatkan minat berwirausaha masyarakat kelurahan Rabangodu Selatan pada masa pandemi covid-19 ditinjau dari tiga faktor, yaitu: (1) faktor personal, (2) faktor environment, (3) faktor sosiological. Rekomendasi bagi pemerintah Kota Bima dan kelurahan Rabangodu Selatan dapat menyiapkan wadah guna mengembangkan minat berwirausaha masyarakat, pengadaan sarana dan prasarana memadai, peminjaman modal usaha, memberikan akses informasi, melakukan kerjasama dengan perusahaan dan perguruan tinggi di bidang kewirausahaan, serta melakukan monitoring dan evaluasi berkelanjutan. Sedangkan untuk perguruan tinggi lebih fokus dalam melakukan pengabdian masyararakat di bidang kewirausahaan. Swasta atau perusahaan lebih berperan aktif dalam berbagi ilmu, informasi, memberikan pinjaman modal dan memberdayakan masyarakat untuk menjadi mitra usaha, serta melakukan pembinaan dan pelatihan.
独联体、安第斯共同体与加勒比共同体的国际收支研究
Authors: 刘 洋 , 曾 宏宇
Published: February 2022

随着世界不断发展和进步，很多国家互相联盟，组成了共同体与共同市场等组织，但根据数据可以发现，这种组织内国家之间的国际收支水平差距较大，其国际收支调节方式亦有所不同。本文利用多元回归模型，探讨1998~2017年独联体、安第斯共同体与加勒比共同体的收入效应、价格效应、汇率效应、进口效应、出口效应、投资效应六个指标，对这三个共同体国际收支平衡的影响。结果表明三个共同体都会受金融海啸冲击而呈现效应反转，独联体先于安第斯共同体，而加勒比共同体紧追其后；且安第斯共同体的国际收支调节机制较符合预期，加勒比共同体的国际收支发展较为平稳，独联体则长期处于国际收支赤字，亟需对症下药，找出导致国际收支不平衡的原因。
GENERALIZED DEPENDENCES FOR ISOTHERMIC MASS TRANSFER IN THE “MASS-MINE AIR” SYSTEM
Authors: Lanchava Omar , Oniani Shurman , Ksovreli Iuza
Published: February 2022

The paper presents the results of mathematical modelling on the БУСЭ- 70 integrator of the process of isothermal mass transfer in the system: “massmine air”. Generalized dependences are adduced which enable the determination of the mass transfer potential of the surface of workings in the course of moisture exchange. It is noted that mass exchange processes in the majority of workings take a less intensive course in comparison with heat exchange processes.
THE SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM OF THE NON-STATIONARY HEAT CONDUCTION OF A TUNNEL UNDER CONDITIONS OF RADIAL VERIATION OF THERMAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Lanchava Omar , Oniani Shurman , Bolkvadze Soslan
Published: February 2022

The problem of building the temperature field over the heat exchange surface and in the surrounding rock mass of workings in conditions of constant and variable analogous problem has been solved by mathematical modeling. The results obtained by various methods show good agreement.
Typification of Agaricus cespitosus, Ag. oniscus, and Ag. sphagnicola and their synonymy with Lichenomphalia umbellifera
Authors: Voitk Andrus
Published: February 2022

Protologue descriptions and original material of Agaricus cespitosus, Ag. oniscus, and Ag. sphagnicola were studied to determine the intended species concept for each. Agaricus cespitosus fits the second most common presentation of the current Lichenomphalia
umbellifera and is placed in synonymy with it. Agaricus oniscus was created as a synonym of Ag. cespitosus, confirmed by its original material; therefore, it is also placed in synonymy with L. umbellifera, resolving problems noted with past attempts trying to apply
the epithet to darker sphagnicolous species of Arrhenia. Careful analysis of the protologue for Ag. sphagnicola revealed a good fit with L. umbellifera but serious conflict if applied to species of sphagnicolous Arrhenia ; it was, therefore, also synonymized with
L. umbellifera. Agaricus cespitosus and Ag. oniscus are lectotypified with illustrations from their original material, Ag. oniscus is epitypified with a modern sequenced collection from Sweden, and Ag. sphagnicola neotypified with a K collection made by Berkeley,
both identified as L. umbellifera.
Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of 5-Arylidene-N, N-Diethylthiobarbiturates
Authors: Momin Khan Momin Khan , Munir Ur Rehman Munir Ur Rehman , Naveed Qadir Naveed Qadir , Muhammad Ashraf Muhammad Ashraf , Tayaba Ismail Tayaba Ismail , Muhammad Ismail Muhammad Ismail , Kanwal Kanwal , Uzma Salar Uzma Salar , Khalid Mohammed Khan and Shahnaz Perveen Khalid Mohammed Khan and Shahnaz Perveen
Published: February 2022

5-Arylidene-N,N-diethylthiobarbiturates 1-25 were evaluated for their potential against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes and displayed varying degree of inhibition. Based on the IC50 values, compound 6 (IC50 = 92.51 and#177; 0.01 and#181;M) was the only active compound against acetylcholinesterase, however this compound was also weakly active against butyrylcholinesterase with an IC50 value 124.76 and#177; 0.02 and#181;M. Six compounds 1, 6, 7, 16, 17, and 18 showed weak inhibition against BChE, among them compound 18 (IC50 = 82.25 and#177; 0.07and#181;M) showed good inhibition against BChE. Nevertheless, compounds 1, 7, 16, 17, and 18 were selectively active against BChE enzyme.
Enhanced Dielectric Properties of Sintered MgFe1.98Nd0.02O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: U Rafiq U Rafiq , M Hanif M Hanif , M Anis ur Rehman and A Ul Haq M Anis ur Rehman and A Ul Haq
Published: February 2022

Spinal MgFe1.98Nd0.02O4 was prepared by simplified sol-gel method. To measure the dielectric properties samples were sintered from 700-800 oC in the steps of 50 oC. The sample’s phase purity, crystallographic phase and crystallite size was measured by X-ray diffraction method (XRD). The pellets were analyzed in Scanning Electron Microscope for their surface morphology and grain shape. Dielectric properties were measured from 20 Hz to 3 MHz at room temperature. Samples sintered at 750 oC, showed highest value of AC conductivity which indicated that the material is suitable for use in sensors. However, minimum value of dielectric loss factor was obtained at 800 and#176;C which makes it more suitable for antenna applications.
Characterization of Sol-gel Prepared Silica Supported NiO-CuO Composites
Authors: Samreen Zahra Samreen Zahra , Dr Narjis Naz Dr Narjis Naz , Dr Muhammad Zia ur Rehman Dr Muhammad Zia ur Rehman , Muhammad Irfan Asma Sheikh and Sania Izhar Muhammad Irfan Asma Sheikh and Sania Izhar
Published: February 2022

Silica (SiO2) supported nickel oxide-copper oxide (NiO-CuO) composites were synthesized through alkoxide route of sol-gel process using tetraethyl ortthosilicate (TEOS), nickel nitrate hexahydrate and copper nitrate trihydrate as precursors. A series of different compositions were prepared varying NiO:CuO molar ratios keeping all other process parameters constant. The gels thus obtained were calcined at a moderate temperature i.e. 500and#186;C for one hour. The crystal structure and thermal stability of metal oxide particles embedded in silica matrix were studied using X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC-TGA) respectively. The purity of the composites was checked by Infrared spectroscopy (IR) whereas the composite formation was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that crystals of NiO and CuO nanoparticles aggregated to form spheres of variable sizes were successfully embedded in the amorphous silica matrix composed of silica particles agglomerated to form clusters.
Green Synthesis, Characterization and Cytotoxic Activity of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Using Kaempferol-3′-sulfonate
Authors: Xin Bin Yang Xin Bin Yang , Chun Mei Wang Chun Mei Wang , Yu Huang Yu Huang
Published: February 2022

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by using water-soluble Kaempferol–3′–sulfonate acid sodium (KS) alone as the reducing agent. The UV-vis spectra confirmed the formation of the ks-AuNPs and ks-AgNPs which were stable for up to 3 months without any other stabilizing agents at room temperature. The TEM studies exhibited monodispersed and mainly spherical nanoparticles with the size in the range of 15-30 nm and 20-50 nm for ks-AuNPs and ks-AgNPs, respectively. The XRD revealed crystallinity of nanoparticles. The chemical state of Au and Ag on the surface of nanoparticles was analyzed by XPS. The FTIR analysis indicated that the hydroxyl of KS were responsible for the reduction of Au3+ and Ag+ to ks-AuNPs and ks-AgNPs, respectively. Cytotoxic activity of ks-AuNPs and ks-AgNPs on MCF-7 cells is higher than the KS.
Modeling and Prediction of Gas Chromatography Relative Retention Times of Volatile Organic Compounds
Authors: Mounia Zine Mounia Zine , Amel Bouakkadia Amel Bouakkadia , Leila Lourici and Djelloul Messadi Leila Lourici and Djelloul Messadi
Published: February 2022

The theme of this paper is to foresee relative retention time of 122 volatile organic compounds. QSRR analysis was accomplished on a serial of 122 VOCs. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and support vector machine (SVM) methods were used to build linear and nonlinear (QSRR) models, respectively, which correlate the (RTT) values of these chemical substance to their structural descriptors. At first, the data set was separated using Kennard and Stone algorithm into a training set (92 chemicals) and a test set (30 chemicals) for statistical external validation. The five-dimensional models were developed using as independent variables the theoretical descriptors derived from the DRAGON software during the application of the procedure GA (genetic algorithm) - VSS (Variable Subset Selection). The robustness and the predictive performance of the MLR model have been demonstrated by inside and outer statistical validation.
Non-linear technique leads to the best QSRR model with good internal and external predictive abilities. It is based on support vector machines using the RBF function for the optimal parameters values. The values of and were 17, 0.2, 0.2, respectively.
New Synthesis of Solid-Solution Lead Hydroxyapatite (PbHAP) by Ceramic and Semi-Ceramic Methods
Authors: Mohammed A B Abdul jabar and Ignatov A V Mohammed A B Abdul jabar and Ignatov A V
Published: February 2022

The synthesis of solid solutions lead hydroxyapatite, Pb10(PO4)6*y(OH)2, were successfully synthesized by solid-state reaction (ceramic method) (y= 0.95; 0.96; 0.97; 0.98; 0.99 and 1.00) and precipitation (semi ceramic method) (y= 0.97; 0.98; 0.99 and 1.00) methods at 800 and#186;C for 50 hours. The X-ray powder diffraction (DRON-3m diffractometer), electron microscopy scanning (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray micro-analysis which characterized all samples. It has been established that Pb10(PO4)5.82(OH)2 and Pb10(PO4)5.88(OH)2 are the best synthesis for lead hydroxyapatite in the solid-state reaction method, and Pb10(PO4)5.88(OH)2 is the precipitation method.
Investigation of the Effect of Substituent Species/Positions and Numbers on Removal of Toxicity from Chloro and Nitro Phenol Compounds with Fenton and Fenton-like Processes
Authors: Zeynep Ceylan and eyda Deniz Ayd n Zeynep Ceylan and eyda Deniz Ayd n
Published: February 2022

Phenol derivatives containing substutient are used intensely in industry and their presence in surface and waste water is a problem requiring urgent solution due to their tendency for bioaccumulation, cancerogenic effects, high toxicity and weak biodegradability. In this study, the degradability and toxicity of chlorinated phenols 2-CP, 2,4-DCP and 4-CP and nitrated phenols 2-NP, 2,4-DNP and 4-NP were investigated. These phenols are included on the priority toxic pollutant list within the scope of clean water regulations according to both the US EPA-2014 and the European Union (2455/2001/CE) and form serious threats to public health and aqueous ecosystems.
The degradability of chloro and nitro phenols was researched by applying the Fenton/Fenton-like processes (under optimal conditions) and measuring the model pollutant concentrations, COD and TOC parameters. The effects of substituent type/position and number were determined with toxicity measurements using Vibrio fischeri bacteria (DIN/EN/ISO 11348-2). Statistical analysis was performed in detail for both Fenton/Fenton-like processes (T test) and toxicology measurement results (One-Way ANOVA) for the model pollutants (Pandlt;0.05).
In the first stage of the study, model pollutant removal of 95-100%, COD removal of 64-85% / 60-77% and TOC removal efficiency of 52-65% and 40-61% were achieved respectively with Fenton and Fenton-like processes.
In the second stage of the study, the results of toxicity measurements of the pollutants performed before processing found EC50(mg/L) and toxic unit values (TU) were 8.10-12.34 for 2-CP, 2.24-44.67 for 2,4-DCP, 1.20-83.33 for 4-CP, 13.43-7.44 for 2-NP, 8.92-11.21 for 2,4-DNP, and 4.77-20.9 for 4-NP, respectively. After processing, the EC50/EC20 and TU values were determined to fall to unobservable levels.
According to the order obtained with toxicity measurements of 4-CP andgt; 2,4-DCP andgt; 4-NP andgt; 2-CP andgt; 2,4-DNP andgt; 2-NP, the chlor substituent had higher toxic effect compared to nitro. As the substituent numbers increase the toxicity increased; however, para position was identified to be more toxic compared to other positions. The reason for the 4 (para) position being more toxic than the 2,4 (ortho-para) position is thought to be due to the chlor or nitro linked to the 2 or ortho position binding to the OH group of phenol with a 5- and 6-member H-bridge in cis position forming a ring, which leads to inactivity.
Synthesis, Spectral, Thermal and DPPH Scavenging Studies of the Hydrazone Derived Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Muhammad Ikram Muhammad Ikram , Sadia Rehman Sadia Rehman , Muhammad Ayaz Muhammad Ayaz , Syed Muhammad Salman Syed Muhammad Salman , Farzia Farzia , Muhammad Imran Muhammad Imran , Mutasem Omar Sinnokrot Mutasem Omar Sinnokrot , Farman Ullah Farman Ullah , Bushra Khan Bushra Khan
Published: February 2022

Schiff base ligand 2,2-{benzene-1,4-diylbis[(E)methylylidene(1E,2E)hydrazine-2,1-diylidene(E)methylidene]}diphenol (H2-BHMD) was synthesized by reacting together the ortho vaniline and 1,4-bis(hydrazonomethyl)benzene. It was characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques including 1H-NMR, elemental analysis, FT-IR, and UV-Visible studies. Different transition metal ions like Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) were reacted with well characterized ligand to obtain the metal derivatives. AAS, elemental analysis, FT-IR, molar conductance and UV-Visible methods were used to study the metal complexes. The analytical and spectroscopic technique suggested the formation of coordination polymers. The FT-IR results conﬁrmed the bidentate binding of the ligand involving phenolic oxygen and azomethine nitrogen. The UV-visible studies suggested the formation of distorted square planar geometries for all the metal complexes. Hydrazone Schiff bases are known for their antioxidant activity, therefore the synthesized hydrazone and the corresponding metal complexes were also studied for their antioxidant capabilities utilizing DPPH free radicals. Among all complexes, the Co-BHMD demonstrated noteworthy percent hindrance to the free radicals, yet much lower than the standard medication utilized. The metal subsidiaries were likewise studied for their thermal degradation. The respective TG bands were utilized for dynamic and thermodynamic parameters estimation utilizing Horowitz-Metzger strategy.
Synthesis and Characterization of WO3and#183;0.33H2O/Ag2MoO4 Composites as a Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalyst for Rhodamine B and Levofloxacin Degradation
Authors: Yun Xuan Fu Yun Xuan Fu , Yan Li Yan Li , Tian Long Chang Tian Long Chang , Xu Tao Liu Xu Tao Liu , Xiang Feng Wu Xiang Feng Wu , Jia Rui Zhang Hui Wang and Xiao Ye Ma Jia Rui Zhang Hui Wang and Xiao Ye Ma
Published: February 2022

Visible-light-driven WO3and#183;0.33H2O/Ag2MoO4 composites have been prepared by using an in-situ growth of Ag2MoO4 nanoparticles on the surfaces of WO3and#183;0.33H2O. The photocatalytic activities of the samples were studied by degradation of rhodamine B and levofloxacin dilute solution. The synergistic photocatalytic mechanism was also analyzed. Experimental results reveal that the as-developed hybrids have higher photocatalytic activity than pure samples. When the theoretical molar ratio of WO3and#183;0.33H2O to Na2MoO4and#183;2H2O is 1:0.15, the as-developed hybrids have the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 99.0% for rhodamine B in 45 min and 40.9% for levofloxacin in 120 min. Furthermore, there are chemical bonds between WO3and#183;0.33H2O and Ag2MoO4. In addition, the super oxide radicals play the leading role during the photocatalytic degradation process of the samples. This work will provide reference for treatment of organic dyes and antibiotics pollution in water with using solar energy.
Intra-articular injection of Platelet rich plasma versus Hyaluronic acid for moderate knee osteoarthritis. A prospective, double-blind randomized controlled trial on 189 patients with follow-up for three years
Authors: Sdeek Medhat , Sabry Dina , El-Sdeek Hisham , Darweash Ahmed
Published: February 2022

Platelet-rich plasma injections have been proposed as an option for Conservative management of knee Osteoarthritis to provide symptomatic relief and also to delay the need for surgical intervention. Although almost all the current literatures provide some evidence on the benefits of this technique compared with Visco- supplementation, no studies have been performed to compare their Clinical outcomes. The purpose is to compare the Clinical outcomes provided by intra- articular injection of either Platelet rich plasma or Hyaluronic acid to treat knee Osteoarthritis.

Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial

200 Patients with a history of Symptomatic knee Osteo- arthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2 or 3) were randomized to undergo 3 blinded intra-articular in- jections of either Platelet rich plasma or Hyaluronic acid. The Interval between successive injections was 2 weeks. Patients were evaluated prospectively before the injection and then at 2, 6, 12, 24, 30 and 36 months. Evaluation was based on International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Visual analog scale, VOMAC Score and the re- injection rate; 189 patients reached the final evaluation. Both platelet rich plasma and Hyaluronic acid were effective in improving knee Symptoms and functional status over time and remained stable over time up to 18 months Post-injection (No re-injection has been performed to any patient incorporated in this study during the first 18 months). The performed re-injections have been significantly lower in the PRP group. Both platelet rich plasma and Hyaluronic acid were effective in improving knee Symptoms and functional status over time and remained stable over time up to 18 months Post-injection. The rate of the required re-injections has been significantly lower in platelet rich plasma group. platelet rich plasma provide longer duration of symptomatic relief, longer duration of functional status improvement and lesser number of needed re-injections than Hyaluronic acid when the patients have been followed through 36 months.
Safe zone for minimally invasive calcaneal osteotomy: an MRI study
Authors: Ramsingh Vasantha Kumar , Hourston George , Srinivasan Sriram , Annamalai Suresh
Published: February 2022

Hindfoot deformities are often surgically corrected with calcaneal osteotomy. These are increasingly performed via a minimally invasive approach. Identifying a neurovascular “safe zone” for this approach is important in reducing iatrogenic injury. We aimed to identify a safe zone for minimally invasive calcaneal osteotomy without neurovascular injury. Three individuals independently assessed 100 con- secutive magnetic resonance imaging ankle studies. The distance of the medial neurovascular bundle from the level of the centre of the Achilles tendon insertion was measured. The points measured were centralised in three planes (axial, sagittal and coronal). The three sets of observations were statistically analysed with confidence intervals and intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated. The mean distance measured by the three observers were 22.91 mm (range 18.2-28.5 mm); 22.81 mm (range 18.7-26.7 mm); and 23.41 mm (range 19.2- 28.4 mm); overall mean 23.0 mm. The mean inter- observer variation was 1.1 mm. 95% confidence interval for observer 1 ranges from 22.45-23.25 mm, observer 2 ranges from 22.52-23.1 mm and observer 3 ranges from 22.97-23.65 mm. Overall 95% confidence interval ranges from 22.8-23.2 mm. Intraclass correlation coefficient for inter-observer reliability is 0.7, indicating strong agreement between the observers. This radiological study suggests an anatomical “safe zone” for minimally invasive medial calcaneal osteotomy is at least 18 mm (mean: 23 mm) from the level of insertion of the Achilles tendon. Individual variation between patients must be taken in to consideration during preoperative planning.
Scaphoidectomy and 4-corner arthrodesis with headless compression screws: results, complications and their treatment
Authors: Vande Voorde Kira , Caekebeke Pieter , Duerinckx Joris
Published: February 2022

Scaphoidectomy and 4-corner arthrodesis is a common salvage surgery for degenerative wrist pathology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of this procedure performed with headless compression screws, with a special focus on postoperative com- plications and their treatment. We assessed 36 wrists in 31 patients that were treated between 2009 and 2017. Mean follow-up was 5.2 years (range 2.9- 9.4). Pain was expressed on a Visual Analog Scale. The Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and hand (qDASH) questionnaire and Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnaire (MHOQ) were used to assess patient functionality and satisfaction. Range of motion and grip strength of both wrists were measured. Radiographs of the operated wrist were evaluated. Mean pain score was 1.5 ± 2.3 with 19% of patients being completely free of pain also during activity. Mean qDASH was 44 ± 20 and mean MHOQ was 10 ± 5. Mean flexion-extension arc of the operated wrist was 69° and 61% of the contralateral wrist. Mean grip strength was 35kg and 89% of the opposite wrist. Non-union was observed in two patients. Two patients required hardware removal and in three patients a pisiformectomy was performed. Conversion to total wrist arthrodesis was needed in one patient. We observed postoperative complications in 28% of our patients. Most complications can successfully be treated with additional surgery. The presence of pisotriquetral arthritis should be assessed before surgery and treated with pisiform excision.
Isthmic spondylolisthesis treated with circumferential arthrodesis (ALIF and posterior fixation): correction, fusion and indirect decompression
Authors: Khalifé M , Dauzac C , Lenoir T , Magrino B
Published: February 2022

There is no consensus regarding the choice of the surgical technique for isthmic spondylolisthesis treatment, although they all aim to a common goal, achieving fusion at the index level while restoring an appropriate lordosis and remove potential radicular compression. Analyze outcome of circumferential arthrodesis (CA) with ALIF (Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion) and pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of all-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis, with indirect neurological decompression. Retrospective study of isthmic spondylolisthesis treated with CA, with one-year follow-up. Clinical scores were collected at one year: VAS-L, VAS-R and ODI. Pelvic parameters, L4-S1 lordosis and at index and adjacent levels, and lumbo-sacral angle (LSA) were measured pre- and post-operatively and at last follow-up. Foraminal surface and diameters were measured pre- operatively and at follow-up on CT-Scan. Level of evidence: IV. 87 patients were included. Mean VAS-L was 2.3, mean VAS-R was 1, and mean ODI was 13.8%. 10% of the patients presented a high-grade spondylolisthesis and 50% a grade II. Mean lordosis at index level shifted from 6° to 18°, L4-S1 lordosis increased from 37 to 45° and LSA shifted from 116 to 125° (p<0.001). The foraminal surface increased from 50mm 2 to 70mm 2 at last follow-up mostly through the supero-inferior diameter, shifting from 7.4mm to 9.5mm (p<0.001). In LSA<90° group, mean correction was 20° at index level, 13° at L4-S1 and 21° for LSA versus 11°, 8° and 8° respectively in LSA>90° group (p<0.001). Fusion rate was estimated at 96.5%. One infection, 5 sympathetic dysfunctions, one retrograde ejaculation, one iliac vein injury, one incisional hernia, one lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury and two adjacent syndromes have been noted. CA is an efficient technique for the treatment of isthmic spondylolisthesis of all grades, with an acceptable rate of complications. It allows a restoration of the regional lordosis as well as a foraminal widening, avoiding additional decompression.
UJI SKRINNING FITOKIMIA DAN EVALUASI SIFAT FISIK SEDIAAN SALEP EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimum Sanctum (L.)) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BASIS SALEP HIDROKARBON DAN BASIS SALEP SERAP
Authors: Soediono Jhudi Bonosari , Zaini Muhammad , Sholeha Desyana Nufus , Jannah Nor
Published: February 2022

Kemangi merupakan tanaman obat tradisional yang banyak ditemukan diwilayah Indonesia. Daun kemangi berkhasiat sebagai analgetika, antiinflamasi, antibakteri, dan antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sediaan salep yang memenuhi persyaratan, mengetahui sifat fisik salep ekstrak etanol Daun Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum (L.)) dengan menggunakan basis salep hidrokarbon dan basis salep serap dan mengidentifikasikan kandungan senyawa kimia yang terdapat pada Daun Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum (L.)). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan melakukan pembuatan dan evaluasi sediaan salep Daun Kemangi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak etanol Daun Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum (L.)) mengandung senyawa flavanoid, tannin, dan steroid dan dapat dijadikan sediaan salep yang memenuhi syarat evaluasi fisik. Uji organoleptis meliputi warna dan bau, dari kedua basis tersebut menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan tipe basis salep ekstrak etanol daun kemangi menyebabkan adanya perbedaan pada kekuatan bau sediaan salep sedangkan untuk warna kedua sediaan memiliki warna hitam. Pada uji pH kedua sediaan memiliki pH 5, pH tersebut memenuhi persyaratan pH sediaan topikal yaitu antara 4,5 – 7 yang sama dengan pH normal kulit. Pada uji homogenitas kedua sediaan menunjukkan bahwa sediaan Homogen (tidak ada gumpalan kasar). Uji daya sebar, basis salep hidrokarbon memiliki daya sebar seluas 5,2 cm sedangkan pada basis salep serap hanya seluas 5 cm.
PENATALAKSANAAN FISIOTERAPI PADA KETERBATASAN LINGKUP GERAK SENDI BAHU AKIBAT POST ORIF FRAKTUR SHAFT HUMERUS DEXTRA DI KELURAHAN ALALAK UTARA BANJARMASIN TAHUN 2018
Authors: Sa’diah Mar’atus
Published: February 2022

Fraktur humerus merupakan suatu kondisi terputusnya kontinuitas jaringan tulang lengan atas yang disebabkan oleh benturan atau trauma langsung maupun tidak langsung. Terjadinya fraktur dapat menyebabkan timbulnya nyeri, bengkak, spasme, penurunan kekuatan otot dan pengecilan otot. Fraktur humerus juga mengakibatkan keterbatasan Lingkup Gerak Sendi (LGS) pada bahu dan siku. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya peningkatan LGS pada bahu kanan yang mengalami keterbatasan dengan menggunakan intervensi exercise therapy berupa passive dan active exercise serta hold relax. Penelitian menggunakan metode case study pada 1 jenis kasus dengan sampel tunggal, diberikan dosis 6 kali perlakuan dalam waktu 3 minggu. Hasilnya terjadi peningkatan LGS bahu kanan yang dievaluasi menggunakan goniometer, perbandingan antara T1 dengan T6 yaitu S. 40⁰ - 0⁰ - 120⁰ menjadi S. 50⁰ - 0⁰ - 140⁰, F. 100⁰ - 0⁰ - 60⁰ menjadi F. 110⁰ - 0⁰ - 70⁰ dan R belum dapat dilakukan menjadi R. 75⁰ - 0⁰ - 80⁰.
a AKTIVITAS FAGOSITOSIS MAKROFAG MENCIT (Mus musculus L.) YANG DIINDUKSI EKSTRAK DAUN JERUK PURUT (Citrus hystrix D.C.)
Authors: Husnah Yeni Avidhatul
Published: February 2022

Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) is Indonesia native plant. During this time, the use of kaffir lime plants is still limited to a small portion spices ingredients and aromatherapy oils for industry. The compounds of leaves of C. hystrix are alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, polyphenols, tannins, and essential oils that are cytotoxic to cancer cell lines. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of cytotoxicity and phagocytosis activity induced by leaves extract of C. hystrix on macrophage cells and the potention leaves extract of C. hystrix as imunomodulator. This study include sampling kaffir lime leaves, extraction with ethanol and methanol, qualitative phytochemical analysis using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), test of cytotoxicity with WST-1 assay, and macrophage cell phagocytosis activity test. TLC test results of methanol and ethanol extract showed that the leaves of C. hystrix contain secundary metabolite these are: tannins, terpenes, saponins and flavonoids. Cytotoxicity test results showed that IC50 value of the methanol extract of kaffir lime leaves was 0.677 µg / mL and toxic to the macrophage cells. The phagocytosis assay showed that the index value, activity and phagocytic capacity of C. hystrix at various dose was lower compared to that of control cells. Methanol extract lime leaves did not to improve the index, activity and phagocytic capacity of macrophages. Methanol extract lime leaves did not potential as imunomodulator.

 

Keywords: Citrus hystrix D. C, macrophages, cytotoxicity, WST-1 assay, phagocytic activity