bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biological characteristics of pregnancy in captive Yangtze finless porpoises revealed by urinary metabolomics
Authors: Tang Bin , Hao Yujiang , Wang Chaoqun , Deng Zhengyu , Kou Zhangbing , Zhou Haojie , Zhang Haobo , Fan Fei , Wang Kexiong , Wang Ding
Published: January 2024

The Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis a.) are an endemic and critically endangered species in China. Intensive captive breeding is essential for understanding the biology of critically endangered species, especially their pregnancy characteristics, knowledge of which is crucial for effective breeding management. Urine metabolomics can reveal metabolic differences, arising from physiological changes across pregnancy stages. Therefore, we used the urinary metabolomic technology, to explore urinary metabolite changes in pregnant Yangtze finless porpoises. A total of 2281 metabolites were identified in all samples, which including organic acids and derivatives (24.45%), organoheterocyclic compounds (20.23%), benzenoids (18.05%), organic oxygen compounds (7.73%), and phenylpropanoids and polyketides (6.48%). There were 164, 387, and 522 metabolites demonstrating differential abundance during early pregnancy, mid pregnancy, and late pregnancy, respectively, from the levels observed in nonpregnancy. The levels of pregnenolone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, and tetrahydrocortisone were significantly higher during all pregnancy stages, indicating their important roles in fetal development. The differential metabolites between nonpregnancy and pregnancy were mainly associated with amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. Moreover, metabolic activity varied across pregnancy stages; steroid hormone biosynthesis was predominant in early pregnancy, and amino acid biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism were predominant in mid pregnancy and late pregnancy, respectively. Our results provide new insights into metabolic characteristics in the Yangtze finless porpoises’ urine during pregnancy, and indicate that the differential levels of urine metabolites can determine pregnancy in Yangtze finless porpoises, providing valuable information for the husbandry and management of pregnant Yangtze finless porpoises in captivity.
O01 Inborn errors of metabolism - Solving the puzzle of prolidase deficiency
Authors: Byth Lachlan , McPherson Tess
Published: January 2024

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) may present with ­distinctive cutaneous manifestations as part of a multisystem phenotype. Diagnosis is a multidisciplinary affair, made difficult by their rarity and complex genetic architectures. Knowledge of molecular mechanisms provides hope for targeted therapies, but unmet needs remain in the treatment of skin disease.

Prolidase deficiency (OMIM #170100) is a rare IEM characterised by impaired collagen recycling, recalcitrant lower limb ulceration and massive imidodipeptiduria. The cases of two siblings born to related parents are reported, presenting initially in childhood with hydroa vacciniforme-like photosensitivity. Following a decade-long journey, the diagnosis of prolidase deficiency was eventually made. Pitfalls including the limitations of conventional diagnostic modalities and whole genome sequencing are examined, as well as the effects of chronic skin changes and associated disability on quality of life in childhood and adolescence. Therapeutic options, possible connections to hydroa vacciniforme, and prospects for translational research are reviewed. A rational approach to the clinical and genetic diagnosis of IEM in the paediatric dermatology clinic is proposed.
P05 Pre-visit online paediatric atopic dermatitis questionnaire – a feasibility study
Authors: Gan Alex , Vaughan Emily , Heysa Nataliya , Mann Nina , Ravenscroft Jane , Williams Hywel , Tang Ting Seng
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The use of structured questionnaires is common in patients with atopic dermatitis. Traditionally, this is done by paper-based questionnaires in clinics. Since the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, many regard the shift from paper to digital forms as inevitable in order to improve efficiency, sustainability and reduce the risk of transmission.

Objective

This study aims to examine the feasibility and acceptability of pre-visit digital questionnaires in paediatric dermatology clinics.

Methods Text message invitations to complete online questionnaires were sent to all patients who are due to attend a paediatric dermatology clinic at Nottingham University Hospitals.

Results

1,218 responses were received between Sept 2021 and Mar 2022. 338 patients were reported to have eczema as their main skin complaint (71 new patients, 267 follow-ups). Amongst these, 113 patients were under 4 years old, 136 were between 4-12 years old and 89 were aged 13 or above. The average patient reported eczema severity was recorded as 12.6 +/– 7.8 SD using the Patient Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) questionnaire.

The majority of the questionnaires were filled in by the parents and required less than 5min to complete. 97.5% reported that they found the online questionnaire easier to use when compared to the paper format. Most participants and clinicians also reported they feel the online questionnaire enhanced their experience and consultation in the clinic.

Conclusions

Digital pre-visit online questionnaires are an acceptable method to gather information from parents of children with atopic dermatitis. Further work is required to assess the accuracy and clinical usefulness of the data.
P11 A Rare and Serious Cause of “Blueberry Muffin Syndrome”
Authors: Oldham Jaimie , Dunnigan Anna , Barbosa Elsa , Huang Sylvia , Dhoat Sasha , McDonald Bryan , O’Toole Edel , Atkar Ravinder
Published: January 2024

Urgent dermatology review was sought for a neonate born at term via emergency caesarean section for reduced movements. The pregnancy was complicated by gestational diabetes and infection with suspected coxsackie virus in the second trimester.

There were 15 purple/blue nodules consistent with “blueberry muffin syndrome” and associated anaemia (118 g/L). Due to hypoxia, she was given antibiotics for suspected sepsis. TORCH screen was negative and USS abdomen and cranium were normal. A blood film showed B cell aplasia and LDH was raised (710 unit/L). CXR showed a mediastinal mass, left pleural effusion and left lung opacity. A skin biopsy was taken, chest drain placed and the baby transferred to Great Ormond Street.

She was subsequently diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia following bone marrow and lumbar puncture. All three skin biopsies showed a malignant infiltrate with one displaying positivity for CD12 and CD33. CT and MRI scans have shown widespread nodules in the lungs, liver, kidneys, bones and intra-cranially.

She is being treated with chemotherapy which has been complicated by a cardiac arrest and severe mucositis leading to colostomy. She is also NG fed and has sensorineural hearing loss.

The nodules seen in “blueberry muffin syndrome” are most commonly extramedullary erythropoiesis but can also represent purpura or metastases. The causes are congenital infections, blood disorders or tumours. There is frequently associated anaemia (as in our case) and hepatosplenomegaly. This case demonstrates a rare and concerning cause of the syndrome and highlights the role dermatologists can play in diagnosis.
P15 A Case of Juvenile Dermatomyositis in a 15-year old African-descent Girl
Authors: Vetsiou Evangelia , Armon Kate , Gass Julia
Published: January 2024

A 15-year-old female with skin of colour (SOC), was diagnosed with Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) following a presentation with muscle weakness, swallowing difficulties and rash. Investigations showed CK>1300, positive Mi-2 alpha, beta antibodies and bilateral myositis on MRI pelvis. Her skin features commenced 2 months prior to her rheumatological presentation. They included erythematous pruritic patches on the limbs, generalised hyperpigmentation of the face and trunk, hyperpigmentation of palmar creases and nail folds, flagellate hyperpigmentation of the hands & arms, and hypopigmented macules with follicular sparing across the face. She also presented skin thickening over the interphalangeal joints and nail fold capillary dilatation and infarctions. Skin biopsy showed interface dermatitis, in keeping with dermatomyositis.

She was managed with weaning prednisolone, methotrexate, topical tacrolimus and sunscreen.

JDM is a small-vessel autoimmune vasculopathy leading to muscle inflammation and skin changes. Unlike adult-onset disease, JDM is not associated with malignancy. The typically described violaceous skin features of JDM including photosensitive rash periorbitally, and over the knees and knuckles (Gottron’s sign) may be hyperpigmented rather than erythematous in skin of colour. Additional skin features described in SOC are generalised hyperpigmentation and pigmentation in skin creases. A flagellate dermatitis is uncommon, but recognised in association with Mi-2 antibodies in JDM. TIF1 antibodies have been reported in association with hypopigmented patches which may mimic vitiligo postulated possibly secondary to interface inflammation perhaps leading to dyspigmnentation. Notably our patient was negative for TIF1.

This presentation highlights some of the less commonly described skin features of dyspigmentation in JDM in SOC.
P24 Improving the patient pathway for timely referral and management of infantile haemangioma
Authors: Scott-Bazaldua Jacqueline , Dubois Anna
Published: January 2024

Infantile haemangiomas (IH) are vascular tumours which typically present soon after birth and grow rapidly at a young age. Complications can arise depending on location and rapidity of growth of the lesion1. Timely treatment with an oral beta-blocker can limit growth and speed up resolution of IH.

Not infrequently, we noted babies were being referred at a stage when most of the growth of the IH had already taken place. These patients often had skin breakdown, or a large haemangioma, making successful treatment harder to achieve. We aimed to educate GPs and health-visitors regarding the need for timely referral and to speed up the triage process for these patients.

Information was sent to regional GP practices, with instructions on referral criteria according to the BSPAD guidelines for treatment of IH. A photograph of the IH was requested at the time of referral. Submitted referrals were triaged promptly and where appropriate, booked directly into a telephone clinic.

After telephone consult, IH meeting the criteria for propranolol were booked directly for commencement of the beta-blocker with a paediatric review. If there was diagnostic doubt or other complications, a timely face to face review was arranged. Patients not requiring oral treatment were discharged back to GP.

A patient satisfaction questionnaire revealed that parents appreciated the speed of assessment and reduced hospital visits.

We describe an educational intervention and triage strategy resulting in improvement in the timing of referral and management of infantile haemangioma.
Metabolic reprogramming in skin wound healing
Authors: Wang Zitong , Zhao Feng , Xu Chengcheng , Zhang Qiqi , Ren Haiyue , Huang Xing , He Cai , Ma Jiajie , Wang Zhe
Published: January 2024

Metabolic reprogramming refers to the ability of a cell to alter its metabolism in response to different stimuli and forms of pressure. It helps cells resist external stress and provides them with new functions. Skin wound healing involves the metabolic reprogramming of nutrients, such as glucose, lipids, and amino acids, which play vital roles in the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of multiple cell types. During the glucose metabolic process in wounds, glucose transporters and key enzymes cause elevated metabolite levels. Glucose-mediated oxidative stress drives the proinflammatory response and promotes wound healing. Reprogramming lipid metabolism increases the number of fibroblasts and decreases the number of macrophages. It enhances local neovascularization and improves fibrin stability to promote extracellular matrix remodelling, accelerates wound healing, and reduces scar formation. Reprogramming amino acid metabolism affects wound re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis. However, comprehensive reviews on the role of metabolic reprogramming in skin wound healing are lacking. Therefore, we have systematically reviewed the metabolic reprogramming of glucose, lipids, and amino acids during skin wound healing. Notably, we identified their targets with potential therapeutic value and elucidated their mechanisms of action.
Neurological prognosis in surgically treated acute aortic dissection with brain computed tomography perfusion
Authors: Zhao Hongliang , Li Chengxiang , Duan Weixun , Wei Dong , Xue Ruijia , Wei Mengqi , Chang Yingjuan , Shang Lei , Lin Shushen , Xu Jian , Zheng Minwen
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic value of brain computed tomography perfusion (CTP) for postoperative new stroke in acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) patients.

METHODS

Patients with ATAAD and suspected cerebral malperfusion who underwent brain CTP and surgical repair were retrospectively analysed. Brain perfusion was quantified mainly with the averaged cerebral blood flow. Significant clinical and imaging findings were identified through univariable and multivariable regression analysis. Furthermore, the added prognostic benefit of perfusion parameters was confirmed with the receiver operating characteristic curves in the entire cohort and subgroup analysis.

RESULTS

The incidence of postoperative new stroke was 30.8% (44/143). The independent adjusted predictors of postoperative new stroke included an impaired averaged cerebral blood flow (ml/100 ml/min) (odds ratio: 0.889; P < 0.001), severe stenosis (odds ratio: 5.218; P = 0.011) or occlusion (odds ratio: 14.697; P = 0.048) of the true lumen in common carotid artery (CCA), hypotension on admission (odds ratio: 9.644; P = 0.016) and a longer surgery time (odds ratio: 1.593; P = 0.021). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves significantly improved after adding perfusion parameters to clinical and computed tomography angiography characteristics (P = 0.048). This benefit was more pronounced in patients with severe stenosis or occlusion in CCA true lumen (P = 0.004).

CONCLUSIONS

Brain CTP could be a useful prognostic tool for surgically treated ATAAD patients and especially beneficial in patients with severe stenosis or occlusion of the CCA true lumen.
Consumption of foods and beverages rich in added sugar associated with incident metabolic syndrome: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study
Authors: Goins Rae K , Steffen Lyn M , Yi So-Yun , Zhou Xia , Van Horn Linda , Shikany James M , Terry James G , Jacobs David R
Published: January 2024

Aims

Numerous studies report positive associations between total carbohydrate (CHO) intake and incident metabolic syndrome (MetS), but few differentiate quality or type of CHO relative to MetS. We examined source of CHO intake, including added sugar (AS), AS-rich CHO foods, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) associated with incident MetS in adults enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

Methods and results

Among 3154 Black American and White American women and men aged 18–30 years at baseline, dietary intake was assessed by diet history three times over 20 years. Sources of AS-rich CHO foods and beverages include sugar-rich refined grain products, candy, sugar products, and SSBs. Incident MetS was created according to standard criteria. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression analysis evaluated the associations of incident MetS across quintiles of cumulative intakes of AS-rich CHO foods and beverages, AS, and SSBs adjusted for potential confounding factors over 30 years of follow-up. The associations of AS-rich CHO foods and beverages, AS, and SSB intakes with incident MetS were consistent. Compared with the lowest intake, the greatest intakes of AS-rich CHOs, AS, and SSBs were associated with 59% (Ptrend < 0.001), 44% (Ptrend = 0.01), and 34% (Ptrend = 0.03) higher risk of developing MetS, respectively. As expected, diet quality was lower across increasing quintiles of AS-rich CHO foods and beverages, AS, and SSBs (all Ptrend < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our study findings are consistent with an elevated risk of developing MetS with greater consumption of AS, AS-rich CHO foods, and SSBs, which support consuming fewer AS-rich CHO foods and SSBs.
Phylogenetic analysis of Nostocales (Cyanobacteria) based on two novel molecular markers, implicated in the nitrogenase biosynthesis
Authors: Giannakopoulos Christos , Panou Manthos , Gkelis Spyros
Published: January 2024

The characterization of cyanobacteria communities remains challenging, as taxonomy of several cyanobacterial genera is still unresolved, especially within Nostocales taxa. Nostocales cyanobacteria are capable of nitrogen fixation; nitrogenase genes are grouped into operons and are located in the same genetic locus. Structural nitrogenase genes (nifH, nifK and nifD) as well as 16S rRNA have been shown to be adequate genetic markers for distinguishing cyanobacterial genera. However, there is no available information regarding the phylogeny of regulatory genes of the nitrogenase cluster. Aiming to provide a more accurate overview of the evolution of nitrogen fixation, this study analyzed for the first time nifE and nifN genes, which regulate the production of nitrogenase, alongside nifH. Specific primers were designed to amplify nifE and nifN genes, previously not available in literature and phylogenetic analysis was carried out in 13 and 14 TAU-MAC culture collection strains, respectively, of ten Nostocales genera along with other sequences retrieved from cyanobacteria genomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these genes seem to follow a common evolutionary pattern with nitrogenase structural genes and 16S rRNA. The classification of cyanobacteria based on these molecular markers seems to distinguish Nostocales strains with common morphological, ecological, and physiological characteristics.
Application of unimodal probability distribution models for morphological phenotyping of budding yeast
Authors: Ohya Yoshikazu , Ghanegolmohammadi Farzan , Itto-Nakama Kaori
Published: January 2024

Morphological phenotyping of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has helped to greatly clarify the functions of genes and increase our understanding of cellular functional networks. It is necessary to understand cell morphology and perform quantitative morphological analysis (QMA) but assigning precise values to morphological phenotypes has been challenging. We recently developed the Unimodal Morphological Data image analysis pipeline for this purpose. All true values can be estimated theoretically by applying an appropriate probability distribution if the distribution of experimental values follows a unimodal pattern. This reliable pipeline allows several downstream analyses, including detection of subtle morphological differences, selection of mutant strains with similar morphology, clustering based on morphology, and study of morphological diversity. In addition to basic research, morphological analyses of yeast cells can also be used in applied research to monitor breeding and fermentation processes and control the fermentation activity of yeast cells.
Transcribed enhancer sequences are required for maize p1 paramutation
Authors: Sidorenko Lyudmila V , Chandler Vicki L , Wang Xiujuan , Peterson Thomas
Published: January 2024

Paramutation is a transfer of heritable silencing states between interacting endogenous alleles or between endogenous alleles and homologous transgenes. Prior results demonstrated that paramutation occurs at the P1-rr (red pericarp and red cob) allele of the maize p1 (pericarp color 1) gene when exposed to a transgene containing a 1.2-kb enhancer fragment (P1.2) of P1-rr. The paramutable P1-rr allele undergoes transcriptional silencing resulting in a paramutant light-pigmented P1-rr′ state. To define more precisely the sequences required to elicit paramutation, the P1.2 fragment was further subdivided, and the fragments transformed into maize plants and crossed with P1-rr. Analysis of the progeny plants showed that the sequences required for paramutation are located within a ∼600-bp segment of P1.2 and that this segment overlaps with a previously identified enhancer that is present in 4 direct repeats in P1-rr. The paramutagenic segment is transcribed in both the expressed P1-rr and the silenced P1-rr′. Transcription is sensitive to α-amanitin, indicating that RNA polymerase II mediates most of the transcription of this sequence. Although transcription within the paramutagenic sequence was similar in all tested genotypes, small RNAs were more abundant in the silenced P1-rr′ epiallele relative to the expressed P1-rr allele. In agreement with prior results indicating the association of RNA-mediated DNA methylation in p1 paramutation, DNA blot analyses detected increased cytosine methylation of the paramutant P1-rr′ sequences homologous to the transgenic P1.2 subfragments. Together these results demonstrate that the P1-rr enhancer repeats mediate p1 paramutation.
MicroRNA396 negatively regulates shoot regeneration in tomato
Authors: Park Su-Jin , Park Ji-Sun , Yang Jin Ho , Moon Ki-Beom , Shin Seung Yong , Jeon Jae-Heung , Kim Hyun-Soon , Lee Hyo-Jun
Published: January 2024

Numerous studies have been dedicated to genetically engineering crops to enhance their yield and quality. One of the key requirements for generating genetically modified plants is the reprogramming of cell fate. However, the efficiency of shoot regeneration during this process is highly dependent on genotypes, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we identified microRNA396 (miR396) as a negative regulator of shoot regeneration in tomato. By selecting two genotypes with contrasting shoot regeneration efficiencies and analyzing their transcriptome profiles, we found that miR396 and its target transcripts, which encode GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs), exhibit differential abundance between high- and low-efficiency genotypes. Suppression of miR396 functions significantly improved shoot regeneration rates along with increased expression of GRFs in transformed T0 explants, suggesting that miR396 is a key molecule involved in the determination of regeneration efficiency. Notably, we also showed that co-expression of a miR396 suppressor with the gene-editing tool can be employed to generate gene-edited plants in the genotype with a low capacity for shoot regeneration. Our findings show the critical role of miR396 as a molecular barrier to shoot regeneration in tomato and suggest that regeneration efficiency can be improved by blocking this single microRNA.
Comprehensive performance of parallel feed MEE-MVC evaporation system
Authors: Bai Fan , Gong Luyuan , Shen Shengqiang
Published: January 2024

The mathematical model based on conservation of energy, mass and salinity is established to analyse the comprehensive performance of parallel feed multi-effect evaporation system with mechanical vapor compression (MEE-MVC) system. It is found that the efficiency of the MVC evaporation system gradually improves as the number of evaporator effect increases. However, the optimization trend of specific power consumption (SPC) and coefficient of performance (COP) are declining when the number of evaporator effect exceeds 3, which makes the marginal effect of the efforts made to improve the system gradually weakened. Then, the three-effect MVC evaporation system is taken as the main research subject to investigate comprehensive performance of the system. It was found that the SPC of the system increases with the increase of the total heat transfer temperature difference; on the other hand, the COP decreased significantly with the increase of the total heat transfer temperature difference. Furthermore, increasing the evaporation temperature in the last evaporator as well as compressor efficiency can optimize the energy efficiency of the system. In addition, the compressor efficiency has a greater influence on the SPC when the total heat transfer temperature difference is larger, whereas the compressor efficiency has a greater influence on the COP when the total heat transfer temperature difference is smaller.
Optimized charging strategy for large-scale electric vehicles
Authors: Zhou Minglong , Cheng Jingjing
Published: January 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) have gained support from many governments, including China, due to their low-carbon, oil-independent and environmentally friendly characteristics. However, many EVs connected to the grid for charging will significantly burden the grid. In this paper, considering the actual situation, we propose a control strategy centered on EV users and supplemented by the power grid. Under the premise of guaranteeing users’ demand, we establish mathematical models to reduce users’ expenses and the peak-to-valley difference of the power grid and improve the particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain better performance. We have verified the feasibility of the proposed strategy with examples, prioritizing the state of charge (SOC) of EVs even if the electricity price is expensive because EV users are more concerned about the EV SOC. The proposed strategy has a positive significance in reducing the cost and the grid’s peak-to-valley difference. The strategy has an excellent prospect for application because it takes into account the actual situation of large-scale charging of EVs.
A Model of Individual BMI Trajectories
Authors: Bogaardt Laurens , van Giessen Anoukh , Picavet H Susan J , Boshuizen Hendriek C
Published: January 2024

A risk factor model of body mass index (BMI) is an important building block of health simulations aimed at estimating government policy effects with regard to overweight and obesity. We created a model that generates representative population level distributions and that also mimics realistic BMI trajectories at an individual level so that policies aimed at individuals can be simulated. The model is constructed by combining several datasets. First, the population level distribution is extracted from a large, cross-sectional dataset. The trend in this distribution is estimated from historical data. In addition, longitudinal data are used to model how individuals move along typical trajectories over time. The model faithfully describes the population level distribution of BMI, stratified by sex, level of education and age. It is able to generate life course trajectories for individuals which seem plausible, but it does not capture extreme fluctuations, such as rapid weight loss.
Curated Power: The Performative Politics of (Industry) Events
Authors: Kremers Ruben , Rethel Lena
Published: January 2024

Since the turn of the millennium, there has been an increased interest in the social performance of power in international political sociology. At the same time, recent years have seen the growing popularity of event ethnographic research approaches. In this article, we develop the concept of “curated power” as a tool to explore the performative enactment of power at and through conferences and events. A focus on curated power, we argue, can orient scholars of performative power toward conferences and events as an analytical entry point, and orient event ethnographic approaches toward the performance of classed, gendered, and racialized hierarchies as a central research concern. To develop these points, and to illustrate the analytical purchase of the concept, we provide a concrete example of its application by analyzing the performative enactment of social hierarchies at industry events in two alternative financial subsectors: FinTech and Islamic finance. In both sectors, we show that curated power can provide a situated and nuanced understanding of why and how corporate efforts to change finance for the better—whether on the basis of religious principles or advanced technological capabilities—often remain complicit in perpetuating classed, gendered, and racialized hierarchies.
O01 Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales infections: experience from a large tertiary care centre in a developing country
Authors: Aiesh Banan M , Maali Yazan , Qandeel Farah , Omarya Siwar , Taha Shatha Abu , Sholi Suha , Sabateen Ali , Taha Adham Abu , Zyoud Sa’ed H
Published: January 2024

Background

Carbapenem-resistant (CR) Enterobacterales (CREs) are a significant source of healthcare-associated infections. These bacteria are difficult to treat and have a high mortality rate due to high rates of antibiotic resistance. These pathogens are also linked to major outbreaks in healthcare institutions, especially those with limited resources in infection prevention and control.

Objectives

To describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in a referral hospital in a developing country.

Methods

This was a retrospective cross-sectional study that included 218 patients admitted to An-Najah National University Hospital between 1 January 2021, and 31 May 2022. The target population was all patients with CRE infection or colonization in the hospital setting.

Results

Of the 218 patients, 135 had CR Klebsiella pneumoniae (61.9%) and 83 had CR Escherichia coli (38.1%). Of these, 135 were male (61.9%) and 83 were female (38.1%), with a median age of 51 years (IQR 24–64). Malignancy was a common comorbidity in 36.7% of the patients. Approximately 18.3% of CRE patients were obtained from patients upon admission to the emergency department, the largest percentage among departments. Most CRE pathogens were isolated from rectal swabs, accounting for 61.3%. Among the 218 patients, colistin was the most widely used antimicrobial agent (13.3%). CR E. coli showed resistance to amikacin in 23.8% of the pathogens tested and 85.7% for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole compared with CR K. pneumoniae, for which the resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was 74.1%, while for amikacin it was 64.2%. Regarding meropenem MIC, 85.7% of CR E. coli were greater than 16 mg/L compared with 84% of CR K. pneumoniae isolates.

Conclusions

This study found that CREs are frequently reported in this tertiary care setting, implying the presence of selective pressure and transmission associated with healthcare setting. The antibiotics tested showed a variety of resistance rates, with CR K. pneumoniae being more prevalent than CR E. coli and exhibiting an extremely high resistance pattern to the available therapeutic options.
Notch signaling pathway induces expression of type IV collagen in angiogenesis
Authors: Kukita Kazuki , Matsuzaka Nanaka , Takai Mikihisa , Imamura Yasutada , Shin Yongchol
Published: January 2024

Mural cell adhesion is important for the localization of basement membrane components during angiogenesis, and cell–cell interactions are thought to be critical for basement membrane formation. Type IV collagen, a component of the basement membrane, and non-triple helical type IV collagen α1 chain (NTH α1(IV)) co-localize in the basement membrane of neovascular vessels. However, it remains unclear how type IV collagen and NTH α1(IV) are produced around the basement membrane. In the present study, we developed a de novo angiogenesis model using human umbilical vein endothelial cell spheroids and TIG-1 fibroblast cells and demonstrated that NTH α1(IV), probably with α1(IV) chain before forming triple helix molecule, was localized in the fibroblasts in contact with vascular endothelial cells. This localization was disrupted by DAPT, a Notch signaling inhibitor. DAPT treatment also reduced type IV collagen and NTH α1(IV) secretion in TIG-1 fibroblasts, along with diminished COL4A1 and COL4A2 gene expression. Downregulation of Notch3 in TIG-1 fibroblasts decreased the secretion of type IV collagen and NTH α1(IV). Taken together, these findings suggest that heterogeneous and homogeneous intercellular Notch signaling via Notch3 induces type IV collagen and NTH α1(IV) expression in fibroblasts and contributes to basement membrane formation in neovascular vessels.
Alteration in the gut microbiome is associated with changes in bone metabolism after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Wu Karin C , McCauley Kathryn E , Lynch Susan V , Nayak Renuka R , King Nicole J , Patel Sheena , Kim Tiffany Y , Condra Katherine , Fadrosh Doug , Nguyen Dat , Lin Din L , Lynch Kole , Rogers Stanley J , Carter Jonathan T , Posselt Andrew M , Stewart Lygia , Schafer Anne L
Published: January 2024

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), the most common bariatric surgical procedure, leads to durable weight loss and improves obesity-related comorbidities. However, it induces abnormalities in bone metabolism. One unexplored potential contributor is the gut microbiome, which influences bone metabolism and is altered after surgery. We characterized the relationship between the gut microbiome and skeletal health in severe obesity and after LSG. In a prospective cohort study, 23 adults with severe obesity underwent skeletal health assessment and stool collection preoperatively and 6 mo after LSG. Gut microbial diversity and composition were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were measured with LC-MS/MS. Spearman’s correlations and PERMANOVA analyses were applied to assess relationships between the gut microbiome and bone health measures including serum bone turnover markers (C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen [CTx] and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide [P1NP]), areal BMD, intestinal calcium absorption, and calciotropic hormones.

Six months after LSG, CTx and P1NP increased (by median 188% and 61%, P < .01) and femoral neck BMD decreased (mean −3.3%, P < .01). Concurrently, there was a decrease in relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes. Although there were no change in overall microbial diversity or fecal SCFA concentrations after LSG, those with greater within-subject change in gut community microbial composition (β-diversity) postoperatively had greater increases in P1NP level (ρ = 0.48, P = .02) and greater bone loss at the femoral neck (ρ = −0.43, P = .04). In addition, within-participant shifts in microbial richness/evenness (α-diversity) were associated with changes in IGF-1 levels (ρ = 0.56, P < .01). The lower the postoperative fecal butyrate concentration, the lower the IGF-1 level (ρ = 0.43, P = .04). Meanwhile, the larger the decrease in butyrate concentration, the higher the postoperative CTx (ρ = −0.43, P = .04). These findings suggest that LSG-induced gut microbiome alteration may influence skeletal outcomes postoperatively, and microbial influences on butyrate formation and IGF-1 are possible mechanisms.
Artificial intelligence in advancing occupational health and safety: an encapsulation of developments
Authors: Shah Immad A , Mishra SukhDev
Published: January 2024

Objectives: In an era characterized by dynamic technological advancements, the well-being of the workforce remains a cornerstone of progress and sustainability. The evolving industrial landscape in the modern world has had a considerable influence on occupational health and safety (OHS). Ensuring the well-being of workers and creating safe working environments are not only ethical imperatives but also integral to maintaining operational efficiency and productivity. We aim to review the advancements that have taken place with a potential to reshape workplace safety with integration of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven new technologies to prevent occupational diseases and promote safety solutions.

Methods: The published literature was identified using scientific databases of Embase, PubMed, and Google scholar including a lower time bound of 1974 to capture chronological advances in occupational disease detection and technological solutions employed in industrial set-ups.

Results: AI-driven technologies are revolutionizing how organizations approach health and safety, offering predictive insights, real-time monitoring, and risk mitigation strategies that not only minimize accidents and hazards but also pave the way for a more proactive and responsive approach to safeguarding the workforce.

Conclusion: As industries embrace the transformative potential of AI, a new frontier of possibilities emerges for enhancing workplace safety. This synergy between OHS and AI marks a pivotal moment in the quest for safer, healthier, and more sustainable workplaces.
Forty Years of Inferential Methods in the Journals of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
Authors: Russo Claudia A M , Eyre-Walker Adam , Katz Laura A , Gaut Brandon S
Published: January 2024

We are launching a series to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the first issue of Molecular Biology and Evolution. In 2024, we will publish virtual issues containing selected papers published in the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution journals, Molecular Biology and Evolution and Genome Biology and Evolution. Each virtual issue will be accompanied by a perspective that highlights the historic and contemporary contributions of our journals to a specific topic in molecular evolution. This perspective, the first in the series, presents an account of the broad array of methods that have been published in the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution journals, including methods to infer phylogenies, to test hypotheses in a phylogenetic framework, and to infer population genetic processes. We also mention many of the software implementations that make methods tractable for empiricists. In short, the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution community has much to celebrate after four decades of publishing high-quality science including numerous important inferential methods.
Emergence of machine language: towards symbolic intelligence with neural networks
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Zhang Xu-Yao , Liu Cheng-Lin , Tan Tieniu , Zhang Zhaoxiang
Published: January 2024

Inspired by human language, machine language is a novel discrete representation learned from visual data only through playing the speak, guess, and draw game.
A Baker's Dozen of Top Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention Publications in 2022
Authors: Barfield Reagan K , Brown Matthew L , Albrecht Benjamin , Barber Katie E , Bouchard Jeannette , Carr Amy L , Chahine Elias B , Cluck David , Covington Elizabeth W , Deri Connor R , Durham Spencer H , Faulkner-Fennell Carmen , Freeman Lauren K , Gauthier Timothy P , Gibson Geneen M , Green Sarah B , Hobbs Athena L V , Jones Bruce M , Jozefczyk Caroline C , Marx Ashley H , McGee Edoabasi U , McKamey Lacie J , Musgrove Rachel , Perez Emily , Slain Douglas , Stover Kayla R , Turner Michelle S , White Cyle , Bookstaver P Brandon , Bland Christopher M
Published: January 2024

Keeping abreast of the antimicrobial stewardship–related articles published each year is challenging. The Southeastern Research Group Endeavor identified antimicrobial stewardship–related, peer-reviewed literature that detailed an actionable intervention during 2022. The top 13 publications were selected using a modified Delphi technique. These manuscripts were reviewed to highlight actionable interventions used by antimicrobial stewardship programs to capture potentially effective strategies for local implementation.
Outbreak of Fusarium solani Meningitis in Immunocompetent Persons Associated With Neuraxial Blockade in Durango, Mexico, 2022–2023
Authors: García-Rodríguez Gabriel , Duque-Molina Célida , Kondo-Padilla Irasema , Zaragoza-Jiménez Christian Arturo , González-Cortés Vladimir Brian , Flores-Antonio Rocio , Villa-Reyes Tania , Vargas-Rubalcava Adriana , Ruano-Calderon Luis Ángel , Tinoco-Favila Juan Carlos , Sánchez-Salazar Héctor Carlos , Rivas-Ruiz Rodolfo , Castro-Escamilla Octavio , Martínez-Gamboa Rosa Areli , González-Lara Fernanda , López-Martínez Irma , Chiller Tom M , Pelayo Rosana , Bonifaz Laura C , Robledo-Aburto Zoe , Alcocer-Varela Jorge
Published: January 2024

Background

Fungal meningitis can be associated with epidural anesthesia procedures. Fusariosis is a rare infection typically affecting immunocompromised patients and rarely causes meningitis. During 2022–2023, public health officials responded to a large outbreak of Fusarium solani meningitis associated with epidural anesthesia in Durango, Mexico.

Methods

The public health response and epidemiological and clinical features of patients affected by this outbreak were described. Coordinated actions were addressed to identify the etiological agent, determine its drug susceptibility, develop diagnostic tests, and implement clinical and epidemiological protocols. Retrospective analyses of clinical variables and outcomes were performed to determine association with better patient survival.

Results

A total of 1801 persons exposed to epidural anesthesia were identified, of whom 80 developed meningitis. Fusarium solani was found in 3 brain biopsies and showed susceptibility to voriconazole and amphotericin B. After F solani polymerase chain reaction (PCR) implementation, 57 patients with meningitis were PCR-screened, and 31 (38.8%) had a positive result. Most patients were female (95%), and cesarean section was the most common surgical procedure (76.3%). The case fatality rate was 51.3% (41 patients) and the median hospitalization duration was 39.5 days (interquartile range, 18–86 days). Seventy-one patients (88.8%) received voriconazole/amphotericin B and 64 subjects (80%) additionally received steroids. Cox regression analysis showed an increased lethality risk in patients who received antifungal treatment after 5 days (hazard ratio, 2.1 [95% confidence interval, 1.01–4.48], P < .05).

Conclusions

The F solani meningitis outbreak in Durango was an unprecedented medical challenge. Timely treatment and effective healthcare management were associated with better survival outcomes.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals the heterogeneity of epithelial cell and fibroblast cells from non‐ to metastatic lymph node OTSCC
Authors: Song Dandan , Yang Fei , Sun Yang , Wu Xingwen , Zhou Qianrong , Bi Wei , Sun Jian , Li Siyi , Yu Youcheng
Published: January 2024

Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is one of the common features of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). LNM is also taken as a sign of advanced OTSCC and poor survival rate. Recently, single‐cell RNA sequencing has been applied in investigating the heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment and discovering the potential biomarkers for helping the diagnosis and prognosticating. Pathogenesis of LNM in OTSCC remains unknown. Specifically, cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and epithelial tumor cells could foster the progression of tumors. Thus, in this study, we aimed to comprehensively analyze the roles of subpopulations of CAFs and epithelial tumor cells in lymph node metastatic OTSCC using the integration of OTSCC single‐cell RNA sequencing datasets. Four distinct subtypes of CAFs, namely vascular CAFs, myofibroblast CAFs, inflammatory CAFs, and growth arrest CAFs were successfully discovered in LNM tumor and confirmed the roles of GAS and PTN pathways in the progression of tumor metastasis. In addition, NKAIN2+ epithelial cells and FN1+ epithelial cells specifically exhibited an upregulation of PTN, NRG, MIF, and SPP1 signaling pathways in the metastatic OTSCC. In doing so, we put forth some potential biomarkers that could be utilized for the purpose of diagnosing and prognosticating OTSCC during its metastatic phase and tried to confirm by immunofluorescence assays.
Cortisol as a Marker of Pain and Distress Following Acute Musculoskeletal Trauma
Authors: Jesin Joshua A. , Walton David M.
Published: January 2024

Objectives:

The best available predictors of chronic pain development broadly encompass baseline metrics of cognition (i.e. beliefs/expectations) about the trauma and resulting symptoms. In the context of musculoskeletal trauma we have previously shown the Traumatic Injuries Distress Scale (TIDS) capable of risk stratifying cohorts for chronic pain development. Here we explore whether the physiologic marker cortisol shows meaningful associations with cognitions predictive of pain outcomes.

Methods:

Data for these cross-sectional analyses were drawn from an observational study that recruited 130 participants presenting to hospital with pain related to a recent non-catastrophic MSK trauma. Cortisol was measured from participant’s hair, saliva, and blood. In addition to pain and distress questionnaires, metadata such as age, sex, BMI, adverse childhood events, pre-trauma stress levels and pre-existing physical/psychological comorbidities were collected.

Results:

We found no significant associations between cortisol levels and pain or distress in isolation. When stratified by person-level variables, associations were revealed with distress (TIDS) in young age and low pre-trauma stress subgroups (hair cortisol) and low BMI (blood cortisol). Through hierarchical regression analysis we found the ‘cortisol X age’ or ‘cortisol X stress’ interaction terms significantly improved TIDS prediction beyond either variable in isolation (Age: ∆R2=15.1%; Pre-trauma stress: ∆R2=9.1%).

Discussion:

Our findings suggest that while linear correlations between pain-related distress and cortisol may be overly simplistic, certain person-level variables such as age, pre-trauma stress and BMI are worthy of consideration for experimental design or confounder characterization in future studies of pain and distress following musculoskeletal injuries especially when ‘trait’ (hair) cortisol is the predictor variable.
Tumor neoantigens derived from RNA editing events show significant clinical relevance in melanoma patients treated with immunotherapy
Authors: Lu Qicheng , Zhou Wenhao , Fan Ligang , Ding Tian , Wang Wei , Zhang Xiaodong
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of RNA editing (RE) and RNA editing derived (RED-) neoantigens in melanoma patients treated with immunotherapy. Vardict and VEP were used to identify the somatic mutations. RE events were identified by Reditools2 and filtered by the custom pipeline. miRTar2GO was implemented to predict the RE whether located in miRNA targets within the 3’ UTR region. NetMHCpan and NetCTLpan were used to identify and characterize RED-neoantigens. In total, 7116 RE events were identified, most of which were A-to-I events. Using our custom pipeline, 631 RED-neoantigens were identified that show a significantly greater peptide-MHC affinity, and facilitate epitope processing and presentation than wild-type peptides. The OS of the patients with high RED-neoantigens burden was significantly longer (P = 0.035), and a significantly higher RED-neoantigens burden was observed in responders (P = 0.048). The area under the curve of the RED-neoantigen was 0.831 of OS. Then, we validated the reliability of RED-neoantigens in predicting the prognosis in an independent cohort and found that patients with high RED-neoantigens exhibited a longer OS (P = 0.008). To our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically assess the clinical relevance of RED-neoantigens in melanoma patients treated with immunotherapy.