bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação do acesso ao tratamento de tuberculose por coinfectados ou não pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Maria da Silveira , Scatena Lúcia Marina , Vendramini Silvia Helena Figueiredo , Canini Silvia Rita Marin da Silva , Villa Tereza Cristina Scatena , Gir Elucir
Published: December 2012

Este estudo objetivou avaliar o acesso ao tratamento das pessoas com tuberculose tanto coinfectadas ou não pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV). Trata-se de estudo transversal - com utilização do instrumento Primary Care Assessment Tool aplicado a 95 pessoas - que abordou questões sobre o acesso ao tratamento em município do interior paulista. Para avaliação do acesso ao tratamento, utilizou-se o teste t de Student. Os escores médios das variáveis foram analisados individualmente e comparados entre os dois grupos (pessoas com TB e coinfectadas com HIV e pessoas com TB não coinfectadas pelo HIV). Os escores médios mostraram que as coinfectadas pelo HIV apresentaram maiores dificuldades na obtenção do acesso do que as não coinfectadas. Os profissionais visitavam mais vezes as coinfectadas quando comparadas às não coinfectadas; as coinfectadas quase nunca realizavam o tratamento da doença em posto de saúde perto de sua residência. Há, portanto, necessidade de maior integração e comunicação entre os Programas de Tuberculose e DST/aids.
Capacitação em bioética para profissionais da Saúde da Família do município de Santo André, SP
Authors: Zoboli Elma Lourdes Campos Pavone , Soares Fátima Aparecida Cotrim
Published: December 2012

Relato de experiência da capacitação em bioética para enfermeiros e médicos da Estratégia Saúde da Família, Santo André, SP. Trata-se de trabalho calcado na problematização e bioética deliberativa, que objetivou apresentar o procedimento da deliberação para subsidiar o manejo de problemas éticos. Trabalharam-se os conteúdos transversalmente em cinco sequências de atividades, em dois momentos de concentração, intercalados por um de dispersão. Na primeira concentração, desenvolveram-se conceitos chaves e conteúdos da bioética deliberativa. Na segunda, houve sessões de deliberação para situações de conflito moral, selecionadas e preparadas durante a dispersão. Os participantes avaliaram a deliberação como um instrumental adequado para lidar com as questões éticas que vivem. A problematização mostrou-se efetiva como estratégia educativa na formação contínua em bioética deliberativa.
Spatialization of climate, physical and socioeconomic factors that affect the dairy goat production in Brazil and their impact on animal breeding decisions
Authors: Lopes Fernando B. , Silva Marcelo C. da , Miyagi Eliane S. , Fioravanti Maria C.S. , Facó Olivardo , Guimarães Renato F. , C. Júnior Osmar A. de , McManus Concepta M.
Published: December 2012

Brazil has high climate, soil and environmental diversity, as well as distinct socioeconomic and political realities, what results in differences among the political administrative regions of the country. The objective of this study was to determine spatial distribution of the physical, climatic and socioeconomic aspects that best characterize the production of dairy goats in Brazil. Production indices of milk per goat, goat production, milk production, as well as temperature range, mean temperature, precipitation, normalized difference vegetation index, relative humidity, altitude, agricultural farms; farms with native pasture, farms with good quality pasture, farms with water resources, farms that receive technical guidance, family farming properties, non-familiar farms and the human development index were evaluated. The multivariate analyses were carried out to spatialize climatic, physical and socioeconomic variables and so differenciate the Brazilian States and Regions. The highest yields of milk and goat production were observed in the Northeast. The Southeast Region had the second highest production of milk, followed by the South, Midwest and North. Multivariate analysis revealed distinctions between clusters of political-administrative regions of Brazil. The climatic variables were most important to discriminate between regions of Brazil. Therefore, it is necessary to implement animal breeding programs to meet the needs of each region.
Intoxicação espontânea e experimental por Pterodon emarginatus (Fabaceae Faboideae) em bovinos e experimental em ovinos
Authors: Cruz Raquel A.S. , Oliveira Leonardo P. de , Caldeira Flavio H.B. , Mendonça Fábio S. , Bacha Flávia B. , Pott Arnildo , Lemos Ricardo A.A. , Colodel Edson M.
Published: December 2012

Relatam-se mortalidades de bovinos nos Estados de Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul relacionadas ao consumo de folhas de Pterodon emarginatus. Três surtos ocorreram no período de seca na região Centro-Oeste, após a queda de árvores devido a ventos fortes ou após serem derrubadas para aproveitamento da madeira. Morreram 40 bovinos em três diferentes surtos. A intoxicação foi reproduzida com administração de folhas de P. emarginatus; a dose tóxica mínima foi 20g/kg para ovinos e 6g/kg para bovinos. Os sinais clínicos iniciaram-se entre 24 e 72 horas após o consumo da planta. A evolução clínica da doença letal foi de 12 a 36 horas. Os sinais clínicos se caracterizaram por apatia, depressão, andar a esmo, pressão da cabeça contra objetos. Em dois dos surtos, os bovinos que sobreviveram a fase aguda da doença, desenvolveram fotossensibilização. Os principais achados macroscópicos nos casos espontâneos e experimentais foram no fígado; estes se caracterizaram por hepatomegalia e evidenciação do padrão lobular na superfície capsular e de corte. Notaram-se também hemorragias nas serosas abdominais e torácicas. Microscopicamente observou-se necrose coagulativa hepatocelular, que variou de centrolobular a massiva, por vezes associada à congestão e hemorragia; ocorreu também marcada tumefação e vacuolização de hepatócitos na região periacinar. O diagnóstico foi baseado nos dados epidemiológicos, clínicos, patológicos e na reprodução experimental da intoxicação em bovinos e ovinos. Estes achados caracterizam P. emarginatus como planta hepatotóxica de interesse pecuário na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil.
Aspectos epidemiológicos, clinicopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de carcinomas de células escamosas vulvares em 33 vacas
Authors: Rosa Fábio B. , Kommers Glaucia D. , Lucena Ricardo B. , Galiza Glauco J.N. , Tochetto Camila , Silva Taiara M. , Silveira Isadora P.
Published: December 2012

Carcinomas de células escamosas vulvares (CCEVs) em bovinos foram estudados retrospectivamente quanto à prevalência, epidemiologia, quadro clinicopatológico e aspectos imuno-histoquímicos. O grau de pigmentação da pele vulvar foi também avaliado. Nos 48 anos analisados retrospectivamente, foram computados materiais de necropsias e biópsias de 7.483 bovinos recebidos no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da UFSM. Desses, em 664 (8,87%) casos de neoplasmas foram identificados, sendo 33 (4,97%) casos de CCEVs. Dezenove eram vacas da raça Holandesa, três da Charolesa, uma era Jersey e 10 eram sem raça definida. A principal alteração macroscópica foi aumento de volume vulvar, sangrante e com miíase concomitante. As massas tumorais eram firmes, ulceradas e com áreas amarelas. Foi possível reavaliar microscopicamente 30 dos 33 casos. Desses, oito eram CCEVs bem diferenciados, 17 eram moderadamente diferenciados e cinco eram pobremente diferenciados. A avaliação de lesões intraepiteliais escamosas (LIEs) foi realizada em tecidos de 21 casos que tinham epitélio de revestimento. Hiperplasia epitelial foi observada em 10 casos; displasia leve em dois, moderada em um e acentuada em cinco casos; em três casos não havia LIEs. A técnica de Fontana-Masson para melanina foi realizada em 21 casos. Desses, em 17 a pigmentação do epitélio da epiderme vulvar era ausente, em dois era leve e em outros dois era moderada. Independentemente do grau de diferenciação dos CCEVs, houve imunomarcação acentuada da maioria dos ceratinócitos neoplásicos para pancitoceratina bovina pela técnica de imuno-histoquímica (IHQ). Papilomavírus bovino não foi detectado pela IHQ neste estudo.
Epidemiology of leptospirosis at Sorocaba Zoo, São Paulo state, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Ullmann Leila S. , D. Neto Ramiro N. , Teixeira Rodrigo H.F. , Nunes Adauto V. , Silva Rodrigo C. , Pereira-Richini Virgínia B. , Langoni Helio
Published: December 2012

Leptospirosis is considered a worldwide distributed zoonosis, caused by the bacteria Leptospira spp. Since several species of wildlife animals are reportedly reservoirs, the aim of the present study was to know the epidemiology of leptospirosis at the Sorocaba Zoo, Southern Brazil. Serum samples of wild mammals from Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Didelphimorphia, Diprotodontia, Perissodactyla, Pilosa, Primates, Proboscidea and Rodentia orders, kept in captivity as well as from zoological staff were assayed by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Whole blood, urine and tissue samples from wild mammals and synanthropic animals were assayed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). An epidemiological survey was applied to evaluate the risk factors for animal infection and staff level of knowledge on leptospirosis. A total of 13/229 (5.68%; CI95% 3.37-9.47%) serum samples from wild mammals were reagent on MAT. Serology from synanthropic animals, zoo staff and molecular analysis of animal samples were all negative. Leptospirosis knowledge of zoo park staff was considered medium. In conclusion, leptospiral infection occurs at the studied zoo but due to the low occurrence found, the lowest reported in literature, wild captive mammals do not act as source of infection of leptospirosis to other animals and human beings.
Avaliação ecocardiográfica de equinos após exercício de polo
Authors: Bello Camila A.O. , Dumont Cinthia B.S. , Souza Thaís C. , Caniello Nina T. , Godoy Roberta F. , Borges José Renato J. , Moreira Meryonne , Lima Eduardo M.M.
Published: December 2012

Considerando a complexidade do esforço físico inerente a cavalos em competições de polo e da carência de relatos na literatura sobre os efeitos cardíacos resultantes de um chukker, associado ainda a dinâmica do peso, o objetivo deste estudo foi de avaliar por meio da ecocardiografia, 27 equinos atletas de polo, submetidos à partida treino, em repouso e após o exercício. Os resultados demonstraram que esta modalidade alterou diversos índices ecocardiográfico no período de cinco a dez minutos do término de um chukker. Foram eles, estruturais com: redução da espessura do septo interventricular e parede livre do ventrículo esquerdo e aumento do diâmetro interno do ventrículo esquerdo em sístole, e funcionais como: aumento do débito cardíaco e frequência cardíaca, enquanto que o volume sistólico, a fração de encurtamento e a fração de ejeção reduziram. A perda de peso corporal não foi significativa, portanto não foi associado às alterações ecocardiográficas. Estes resultados sugeriram que a demanda cardíaca foi alta, indicando a importância de um acompanhamento físico e treinamento cardiovascular específico para esta modalidade.
Assimetria e concentração: um estudo empírico da distribuição de investimentos previstos para o Estado do Espírito Santo, 2009-2014
Authors: Magalhães Matheus Albergaria de , Toscano Victor Nunes
Published: December 2012

Realizar um detalhado estudo empírico descritivo de uma distribuição de projetos de investimento regionais destinados ao Estado do Espírito Santo é o objetivo deste trabalho. Para tanto, é feita uma análise valendo-se de uma base de dados inédita, contendo 972 projetos de investimentos previstos para distintas localidades espírito-santenses, ao longo do período 2009-2014. Adicionalmente, o trabalho busca verificar a validade empírica da Lei de Zipf para esta distribuição de investimentos. Em termos gerais, os resultados obtidos são importantes no sentido de facilitar a identificação de padrões empíricos referentes à distribuição do investimento no espaço, podendo ser úteis em termos de formulação e implementação de políticas públicas voltadas para o desenvolvimento de localidades específicas.
Self: um conceito em desenvolvimento
Authors: Macedo Lídia Suzana Rocha de , Silveira Amanda da Costa da
Published: December 2012

Diversas definições de self coexistem nas teorias e práticas psicológicas. Essa variedade é resultante de bases epistemológicas a partir das quais se adotam estratégias diferentes para abordar e demarcar os limites do objeto em questão e descrevê-lo. Este estudo teve como objetivo oferecer uma revisão dos conceitos de self e uma reflexão sobre como esse conceito se articula nas diferentes abordagens teóricas da psicologia. Destaca-se que dilemas centrais à psicologia do desenvolvimento atravessam o conceito de self. Por essa razão, apresenta-se a tese de que, ao analisar cada definição de self, deve-se buscar responder como cada teoria colocou-se diante das dicotomias estabilidade versus transformação, específico versus universal e mundo interno versus mundo externo.
A língua brasileira de sinais na formação dos profissionais de enfermagem, fisioterapia e odontologia no estado da Paraíba, Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Yanik Carla Araújo de , Costa Gabriela Maria Cavalcanti , Coura Alexsandro Silva , Cartaxo Renata de Oliveira , França Inacia Sátiro Xavier de
Published: December 2012

Objetivou-se analisar os projetos pedagógicos de cursos de graduação em Enfermagem, Fisioterapia e Odontologia, quanto à inclusão do componente Libras e aos parâmetros que norteiam esta ação educativa na formação dos profissionais, para assegurar a integralidade e humanização da assistência. Trata-se de estudo transversal e documental com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em 25 cursos da Paraíba, Brasil. Foram analisados os projetos pedagógicos dos cursos e 24 coordenadores responderam um questionário, sendo esses dados analisados à luz de Bardin. Os resultados indicam que 58% dos cursos oferecem a Libras e que os de licenciatura não a disponibilizam. Os conteúdos das ementas abordam temas como: a cultura da comunidade surda, a Libras e sua estrutura linguística, a abordagem prática de comunicação, política e legislações inclusivas. Porém, essa realidade segue paralela a respostas imprecisas no tocante à organização do componente, formação do profissional em Libras e suas atribuições.
Homogeneidade de séries climatológicas em Minas Gerais
Authors: Santos Roziane S. dos , Sediyama Gilberto C. , Oliveira Robson A. , Abrahão Gabriel M.
Published: December 2012

Os dados climáticos são de extrema importância nas diversas atividades humanas, por fornecerem muitas informações relativas ao meio ambiente e aos impactos nele decorrentes. Portanto, há necessidade de informações meteorológicas estatisticamente homogêneas visto que uma série temporal não homogênea pode comprometer a análise e a interpretação desses dados. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar metodologias para avaliar a homogeneidade de séries de dados de temperaturas máximas e mínimas no Estado de Minas Gerais. A análise de homogeneidade foi feita por meio de três testes de identificação de pontos de descontinuidade nas séries temporais: Teste de Homogeneidade Normal Padrão (SNHT), teste de Pettitt e teste Buishand. Os testes apresentaram resultados muito similares sendo que a maior parte das séries mensais de temperatura foi considerada homogênea. As heterogeneidades ocorreram na década de 1990, principalmente em torno de 1997.
Cinética de secagem de folhas de Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil. (fruta-de-lobo)
Authors: Prates M.F.O. , Reis R.C. , Devilla I.A. , Faria R.Q. , Lima Junior A.F.
Published: December 2012

Objetivou-se neste trabalho determinar o tempo de secagem e modelar as curvas de secagem de folhas de fruta-de-lobo (Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil.) secas em temperaturas de 40, 50 e 60ºC, num secador de leito fixo em camada fina com velocidade do ar de 0,81 m s-1, bem como estimar o coeficiente de difusão efetivo e a energia de ativação. Aos dados experimentais foram ajustados oito modelos matemáticos. As magnitudes do coeficiente de determinação (R²), do erro médio relativo (P) e do erro médio estimado (SE) foram utilizadas para verificar o grau de ajuste dos modelos. Concluiu-se que: a) O tempo de secagem diminuiu com o aumento da temperatura; b) os modelos de secagem Logaritmo e de Midilli et al. foram os que melhor se ajustaram aos dados experimentais; c) Os valores do coeficiente de difusão aumentaram de acordo com a elevação da temperatura do ar de secagem e d) O valor da energia de ativação para a folha Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil. foi de 44, 60 kJ mol-1.
Comportamento da frequência cardíaca em adulto jovem durante exercício físico e atividade sexual
Authors: Souza Cícero Augusto de , Cardoso Fernando Luiz , Silveira Rozana Aparecida , Wittkopf Priscilla Geraldine
Published: December 2012

O comportamento da frequência cardíaca (FC) frente às atividades físicas e no ato sexual se configura como uma das principais preocupações dos pacientes após um evento cardiovascular. Apesar de o esforço intenso ser um dos fatores precipitantes de infarto agudo do miocárdio e morte súbita, o dispêndio metabólico nas atividades cotidianas é discreto e pode ser mantido pela grande maioria dos pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação da FC no teste de esforço máximo com aquela encontrada durante as atividades cotidianas. Trata-se de estudo de caso com um homem, 36 anos, sem evidência de doença cardiovascular. O sujeito foi submetido a um teste ergométrico máximo em esteira rolante, sob o protocolo de rampa. O comportamento da FC foi monitorado durante 14 dias, através de um frequencímetro portátil. No período, seis atividades distintas foram selecionadas: uma sessão de caminhada a 5km/h, uma de trote/corrida a 6,5km/h, uma partida de futebol recreativo, uma atividade sexual com a parceira, autoestimulação através da masturbação e um período de sono. Como resultado, a prática de futebol recreativo foi caracterizada como intensa e muito intensa e a atividade sexual e a masturbação tiveram elevações discretas na FC, e o orgasmo atingiu intensidade semelhante à da caminhada.
Uma introdução à teoria dos táquions
Authors: Vieira Ricardo S.
Published: December 2012

A teoria da relatividade, proposta no início do século XX, aplica-se a partículas e referenciais que se movimentam com uma velocidade menor que a da luz. Nesse artigo mostraremos como esta teoria pode ser estendida a partículas e referenciais que se movimentam mais rapidamente que a luz.
Solução do problema da difração na abertura circular
Authors: Iannini Mauro Lucio Lobão
Published: December 2012

O propósito do presente artigo consiste em apresentar uma formulação alternativa para o problema de encontrar a intensidade das franjas de difração numa fenda simples e estendê-la para a difração na abertura circular. Em seguida, estudamos algumas propriedades das funções de Bessel com o objetivo de compreender a solução da equação para o caso circular.
Simple measurement of surface free energy using a web cam
Authors: Vicente C.M.S , André P.S. , Ferreira R.A.S.
Published: December 2012

In this paper we describe a simple and pedagogical experiment to measure surface free energy (SFE), which is a mainstream subject to teach undergraduate and graduate level Physics science. Beyond this, the advantage of this work relies on the simplicity of the materials used, namely non-harmful and low cost products such as water, glycerol, ethylene glycol and propanol, offering a useful pedagogical opportunity to discuss basic but relevant concepts regarding surface science phenomena. As example, contact angle measurements were used to estimate SFE and the wetting behavior of distinct solid surfaces such as glass and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon®).
Velocidades média e instantânea no Ensino Médio: uma possível abordagem
Authors: Souza P.V.S. , Donangelo R.
Published: December 2012

Se, por um lado, histórica e conceitualmente, a cinemática é um dos tópicos mais importantes da física, por outro lado, tem ocupado um lugar cada vez mais discreto no currículo do Ensino Médio e já não motiva nem alunos nem professores. Concordemente, propomos neste artigo uma abordagem alternativa à proposta na maioria dos livros didáticos para os conceitos de velocidade média e instantânea pautada no construtivismo de Piaget e no ensino por investigação.
Novel green roofing membrane system made with recycled leftover paint
Authors: Nehdi Moncef L. , Soliman Ahmed M.
Published: December 2012

Leftover paint is considered as a hazardous material and is associated with costly disposal around the world. In this study, a novel green roofing membrane system having a primered composite overlay incorporating leftover paint was developed and experimentally evaluated. Its performance was compared with that of more conventional low-slope roofing systems. The experimental program included static puncture, dynamic impact, peeling, pull-off and exposure to fire testing. Two series of specimens were tested: unaged specimens cured at normal conditions and accelerated-aged specimens exposed to cold and arid conditions for different time periods. Results indicated that the primered composite overlay significantly improved the static puncture resistance, dynamic impact performance and fire resistance. The peeling and pull-off test results mainly depended on the method of installation for the single-ply membranes. The fully adhered system showed best performance. The exposure condition did not induce significant changes in measured properties by the end of the investigated period. It is demonstrated that beneficiating leftover paint in producing roofing systems can consume large volumes of this hazardous waste, yielding significant economic and environmental benefits and enhanced roofing membranes.
The flexural dynamics of melting ice shelves
Authors: MacAyeal Douglas R. , Sergienko Olga V.
Published: December 2012

A conspicuous precursor of catastrophic ice-shelf break-up along the Antarctic Peninsula, reported widely in the literature, is the gradual increase in surface melting and consequent proliferation of supraglacial lakes and dolines. Here we present analytical and numerical solutions for the flexure stresses within an ice shelf covered by lakes and dolines, both isolated and arrayed. We conclude that surface water promotes ice-shelf instability in two ways: (1) by water-assisted crevasse penetration, as previously noted, and (2) by the inducement of strong tensile flexure stresses (exceeding background spreading stress by 10–100 times) in response to surface water mass loads and ‘hydrostatic rebound’ occurring when meltwater lakes drain.
Feeding Practices, Hygienic Aspect and Nutritional Status of Infants attending an Urban Hospital of Dhaka City
Authors: Siddique Muhammad Abu Bokr , Khan Sabina , Hossain AMM Mokarram , Ahmed Mir Shafi Uddin , Bhuyan Md Aminul Haque
Published: December 2012

Abstract not available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnut.v22i0.12826 Bangladesh Journal of Nutrition Vol.22-23 2009-2010 pp.5-10
Nutritional Status and Complementary Feeding Practices of 6-11 months Children attending ICDDR,B Hospital
Authors: Rahman Md Mezanur , Ahmed Mir Shafi Uddin , Siddique Muhammad Abu Bakr , Hossain Mahnaz , Khan Sabina , Hossain AMM Mokarram , Bhuyan Md Aminul Haque
Published: December 2012

No Abstract available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnut.v22i0.12827 Bangladesh Journal of Nutrition Vol.22-23 2009-2010 pp.11-20
Art, Politique et émancipation des femmes dans la trilogie La Femme en chemin (1922–4) de Victor Margueritte
Authors: Di Méo Élodie Lacroix
Published: December 2012

Le nom de Victor Margueritte est associé à son célèbre roman La Garçonne (1922), à cause duquel il a perdu sa Légion d'Honneur. Ce roman fait partie d'une trilogie féministe intitulée La Femme en chemin. La « garçonne », Monique Lerbier, est artiste et décoratrice et l'art joue un rôle majeur dans les autres volumes de la trilogie, Le Compagnon (1923) et Le Couple (1924). Le parallèle entre la trajectoire personnelle de la garçonne en tant que femme et sa pratique artistique illustre quelques aspects intéressants de la manière dont les arts décoratifs pouvaient être perçus dans les années 1920, tandis que l'auteur établit aussi une hiérarchie artistique fondée sur ses conceptions politiques. Victor Margueritte valorisait l'art à la fois comme un moyen d’émancipation personnelle pour les femmes, puisqu'il le présentait comme une profession leur permettant de devenir autonomes financièrement, et comme un moyen d'action politique. Il croyait en effet que l'art avait le pouvoir de diffuser des idées et par conséquent de changer progressivement la société.
Whole Genome Sequencing and a New Bioinformatics Platform Allow for Rapid Gene Identification in D. melanogaster EMS Screens
Authors: Gonzalez Michael , Van Booven Derek , Hulme William , Ulloa Rick , Lebrigio Rafael , Osterloh Jeannette , Logan Mary , Freeman Marc , Zuchner Stephan
Published: December 2012

Forward genetic screens in Drosophila melanogaster using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis are a powerful approach for identifying genes that modulate specific biological processes in an in vivo setting. The mapping of genes that contain randomly-induced point mutations has become more efficient in Drosophila thanks to the maturation and availability of many types of genetic tools. However, classic approaches to gene mapping are relatively slow and ultimately require extensive Sanger sequencing of candidate chromosomal loci. With the advent of new high-throughput sequencing techniques, it is increasingly efficient to directly re-sequence the whole genome of model organisms. This approach, in combination with traditional chromosomal mapping, has the potential to greatly simplify and accelerate mutation identification in mutants generated in EMS screens. Here we show that next-generation sequencing (NGS) is an accurate and efficient tool for high-throughput sequencing and mutation discovery in Drosophila melanogaster. As a test case, mutant strains of Drosophila that exhibited long-term survival of severed peripheral axons were identified in a forward EMS mutagenesis. All mutants were recessive and fell into a single lethal complementation group, which suggested that a single gene was responsible for the protective axon degenerative phenotype. Whole genome sequencing of these genomes identified the underlying gene ect4. To improve the process of genome wide mutation identification, we developed Genomes Management Application (GEM.app, https://genomics.med.miami.edu), a graphical online user interface to a custom query framework. Using a custom GEM.app query, we were able to identify that each mutant carried a unique non-sense mutation in the gene ect4 (dSarm), which was recently shown by Osterloh et al. to be essential for the activation of axonal degeneration. Our results demonstrate the current advantages and limitations of NGS in Drosophila and we introduce GEM.app as a simple yet powerful genomics analysis tool for the Drosophila community. At a current cost of <$1,000 per genome, NGS should thus become a standard gene discovery tool in EMS induced genetic forward screens.
Apoptotic Volume Decrease (AVD) Is Independent of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Initiator Caspase Activation
Authors: Maeno Emi , Tsubata Takeshi , Okada Yasunobu
Published: December 2012

Persistent cell shrinkage is a major hallmark of apoptotic cell death. The early-phase shrinkage, which starts within 30−120 min after apoptotic stimulation and is called apoptotic volume decrease (AVD), is known to be accomplished by activation of K+ channels and volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying (VSOR) Cl− channels in a manner independent of caspase-3 activation. However, it is controversial whether AVD depends on apoptotic dysfunction of mitochondria and activation of initiator caspases. Here, we observed that AVD is induced not only by a mitochondrial apoptosis inducer, staurosporine (STS), in mouse B lymphoma WEHI-231 cells, but also by ligation of the death receptor Fas in human B lymphoblastoid SKW6.4 cells, which undergo Fas-mediated apoptosis without involving mitochondria. Overexpression of Bcl-2 failed to inhibit the STS-induced AVD in WEHI-231 cells. These results indicate that AVD does not require the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. In human epithelial HeLa cells stimulated with anti-Fas antibody or STS, the AVD induction was found to precede activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9 and to be resistant to pan-caspase blockers. Thus, it is concluded that the AVD induction is an early event independent of the mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway and initiator caspase activation.
Disciplinary History and the Situation of History Teachers
Authors: Fordham Michael
Published: December 2012

A growing consensus in the history education community supports the idea that the discipline of history provides the best opportunity for moving beyond a “nation-building” or “skills-based” approach to teaching about the past. The social and temporal characteristics of the discipline of history mean such conclusions have important implications for teachers of history who must engage with that academic discipline when designing lessons for their pupils. In order to understand the process by which such a curriculum approach might be effected, it is necessary to posit a relationship between history teachers and the discipline of history that rests upon a theoretical model in which history teachers are understood both to represent and embody the discipline of history when teaching their pupils.
Biotransformations Utilizing β-Oxidation Cycle Reactions in the Synthesis of Natural Compounds and Medicines
Authors: Świzdor Alina , Panek Anna , Milecka-Tronina Natalia , Kołek Teresa
Published: December 2012

β-Oxidation cycle reactions, which are key stages in the metabolism of fatty acids in eucaryotic cells and in processes with a significant role in the degradation of acids used by microbes as a carbon source, have also found application in biotransformations. One of the major advantages of biotransformations based on the β-oxidation cycle is the possibility to transform a substrate in a series of reactions catalyzed by a number of enzymes. It allows the use of sterols as a substrate base in the production of natural steroid compounds and their analogues. This route also leads to biologically active compounds of therapeutic significance. Transformations of natural substrates via β-oxidation are the core part of the synthetic routes of natural flavors used as food additives. Stereoselectivity of the enzymes catalyzing the stages of dehydrogenation and addition of a water molecule to the double bond also finds application in the synthesis of chiral biologically active compounds, including medicines. Recent advances in genetic, metabolic engineering, methods for the enhancement of bioprocess productivity and the selectivity of target reactions are also described.
Epigenetic Deregulation of MicroRNAs in Rhabdomyosarcoma and Neuroblastoma and Translational Perspectives
Authors: Romania Paolo , Bertaina Alice , Bracaglia Giorgia , Locatelli Franco , Fruci Doriana , Rota Rossella
Published: December 2012

Gene expression control mediated by microRNAs and epigenetic remodeling of chromatin are interconnected processes often involved in feedback regulatory loops, which strictly guide proper tissue differentiation during embryonal development. Altered expression of microRNAs is one of the mechanisms leading to pathologic conditions, such as cancer. Several lines of evidence pointed to epigenetic alterations as responsible for aberrant microRNA expression in human cancers. Rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma are pediatric cancers derived from cells presenting features of skeletal muscle and neuronal precursors, respectively, blocked at different stages of differentiation. Consistently, tumor cells express tissue markers of origin but are unable to terminally differentiate. Several microRNAs playing a key role during tissue differentiation are often epigenetically downregulated in rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma and behave as tumor suppressors when re-expressed. Recently, inhibition of epigenetic modulators in adult tumors has provided encouraging results causing re-expression of anti-tumor master gene pathways. Thus, a similar approach could be used to correct the aberrant epigenetic regulation of microRNAs in rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma. The present review highlights the current insights on epigenetically deregulated microRNAs in rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma and their role in tumorigenesis and developmental pathways. The translational clinical implications and challenges regarding modulation of epigenetic chromatin remodeling/microRNAs interconnections are also discussed.
Les traumatismes : violences à l'école, violence de l'école
Authors: Viard-Chevrel Catherine
Published: December 2012

Résumé Nous observons, depuis quelques années, une impuissance de l’institution scolaire à répondre aux manifestations de malaise des élèves, qui se traduisent par des comportements transgressifs, par des passages à l’acte de plus en plus violents. Ces actes traumatisants déstabilisent, sidèrent l’ensemble de la communauté qui ne sait comment réagir. Les réponses sont apportées dans l’urgence et ne seront efficaces que lorsque les questions sur l’origine et le sens profond de ces désordres et des ses « écarts » seront posées. Peut-être pourra-t-il y avoir alors des réponses adaptées. Cela nécessite d’y penser en amont .
Review of Distal Tibial Epiphyseal Transitional Fractures
Authors: Rosenbaum Andrew J. , DiPreta John A. , Uhl Richard L.
Published: December 2012

The closure of the distal tibial physis occurs over an 18-month period between ages 12 and 15 years. During this time period, children are susceptible to several transitional fractures, so labeled because they are transitioning to skeletal maturity. In the setting of an external rotation force, triplane and Tillaux fractures can occur. These fractures, which present similarly to other Salter-Harris growth plate injuries, do not fit neatly into any 1 classification scheme and are not easily evaluated on plain radiographs. Computed tomography scans are required to optimally assess these fractures and to determine the need for closed vs open treatment. Regardless of which treatment modality is chosen, anatomic reduction is the goal. This article discusses the approach to these unique fractures.
Posterior Cruciate–retaining, Rotating-platform Total Knee Arthroplasty: Minimum 4-year Follow-up Study
Authors: Elwood Justin J. , Callaghan John J. , Liu Steve S. , Goetz Devon D.
Published: December 2012

Rotating-platform, mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty was initially developed using a posterior cruciate–sacrificing technique and design. Posterior cruciate–substituting and –retaining, rotating-platform total knee arthroplasty designs were developed later. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a minimum 4-year follow-up of total knee arthroplastyperformed with a posterior cruciate–retaining, rotating-platform design.

The 4- to 6-year results of 123 patients undergoing 152 consecutive total knee arthroplasties using a posterior cruciate–retaining, rotating-platform design were evaluated. Patients were evaluated clinically for need for revision, and clinical outcome measures included the pain and functional components of the Knee Society Score, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, the Short Form 36 Health Survey, and the University of California Los Angeles activity-level scores. Radiographs were evaluated for loosening, component positioning changes, femoral–tibial alignment, and osteolysis. One knee was lost to follow-up at an average of 5.2 years. No tibial or femoral components required revision. Three polyethylene liners were revised: 2 for infection and 1 for bearing spinout. Average range of motion was 120° (range, 70°–135°). Minor areas of osteolysis were noted around 4.5% of knees, and minimal incomplete radiolucencies were noted around 50% of components. The posterior cruciate–retaining, rotating-platform knee prosthesis demonstrated excellent survivorship at 4- to 6-year follow-up.
Effect of Local Corticosteroid Injection of the Hand and Wrist on Blood Glucose in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Catalano Louis W. , Glickel Steven Z. , Barron O. Alton , Harrison Richard , Marshall Astrid , Purcelli-Lafer Marissa
Published: December 2012

Locally administered corticosteroids are a common therapy in many hand and wrist disorders. Corticosteroids pose a theoretical risk to patients with diabetes mellitus by potentially raising blood glucose to hyperglycemic levels. Although oral corticosteroids are known to have an effect on blood glucose control, limited data exist on extra-articular administration. The purpose of this study was to examine the systemic impact of extra-articularly administered corticosteroids in the hand and wrist on serum glucose concentration in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Twenty-three patients with diabetes mellitus received a 1-mL triamcinolone acetonide injection for de Quervain’s tenosynovitis, trigger finger, flexor carpi ulnaris tendonitis, or carpal tunnel syndrome. Patients recorded their daily morning blood glucose levels for 1 week before injection and for 4 weeks after injection. Average blood glucose levels increased slightly from baseline after injection, reaching statistical significance 1, 5, and 6 days after injection, but were not clinically significant (average increase, 14.2, 9.7, and 32.7 mg/dL, respectively). Isolated increases more than 2 times the standard deviation of preinjection values occurred at least once in the majority of patients. The frequency of hyperglycemic episodes increased after injection, but the proportions of patients with at least 1 hyperglycemic episode before and after injection were not significantly different.

These results suggest that local corticosteroid injections are a clinically safe treatment option for inflammatory processes of the hand and wrist in patients with diabetes mellitus. On average, patients experienced slight increases in blood glucose after receiving an injection. Most experienced isolated increases substantially beyond baseline and isolated hyperglycemic effects, but these did not pose an apparent clinical risk.
Paying Surgeons Less Has Cost More
Authors: Bernstein Joseph , Derman Peter
Published: December 2012

The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 mandated reductions in physician reimbursement. This reduction in payments could be envisioned to limit expenditures on 2 counts: first, individual fees would be lower, producing inherent savings. Furthermore, reducing fees should depress the incentive to work, thereby generating additional savings from reduced output. A rival point of view holds that lower fees might paradoxically lead to greater spending because surgeons compensate for per-case reductions by performing more cases. If this income-targeting hypothesis is correct, lower per-case fees leads to increased volume. Increased work output has particularly sizable economic effects in fields like orthopedic surgery because the total cost of orthopedic interventions is usually many times larger than the physician’s fee (largely owing to the cost of implants). As such, increases in work volume more than negate the potential savings from lower surgeon’s fees.

This phenomenon was studied in the context of total knee arthroplasty. In the decade spanning 1996 to 2005, inflation-adjusted physician reimbursement decreased by approximately 5% per year, leading to a cumulative drop in reimbursement from $2847 to $1685. Nonetheless, because the number of procedures performed increased from 253,841 to 498,169 and because payments to hospitals far exceeded payments to surgeons, total expenditures for total knee arthroplasty increased dramatically: more than $7.1 billion additional was spent on hospital payments. Continuing to pay surgeons less is apt to continue to cost more. Counter to intuition, the best strategy for controlling overall spending might be higher, not lower, surgical fees.
Composite Treatment for Primary Long-bone Hydatidosis
Authors: Banerjee Samik , Sabui Kanchan Kumar , Mondal Jayanta , Nath Chinmoy , Pal Dilip Kumar
Published: December 2012

Hydatid disease is a parasitic tapeworm infection caused by the
Echinococcus
species. Involvement of the long tubular bones is rare in hydatid bone disease. Patients are initially asymptomatic and usually present at a later stage of the disease when the bony lesions are extensive. Diagnosing bone hydatid disease is challenging, even in endemic regions, and a high index of suspicion is required because the radiologic findings often mimic other bone pathologies. Recurrence following treatment can occur after a long period of quiescence.

This article describes a case of hydatid disease in a 62-year-old woman with extensive diaphyseal tibial involvement. She was treated with initial chemotherapy followed by extended curettage, polymethylmethacrylate cementation, and intramedullary fixation. Functional outcome was excellent, with no recurrence at 60-month follow-up. She was fully weight bearing with no pain or discomfort and had full hip, knee, and ankle range of motion.

This case was important due to its rarity, the diagnostic challenge it presented, and the composite nature of the treatment used to avoid recurrence. Diaphyseal bone hydatidosis can be initially treated like a low-grade malignant tumor with curettage and high-speed burring, followed by filling the defect with polymethylmethacrylate cement. The composite treatment of chemotherapy with the surgical protocol described offers a reasonable chance of long-term disease suppression. Recurrent disease can be treated with repeat curettage and cementation. Wide excision with reconstruction of the resulting defect should only be considered for recalcitrant diaphyseal hydatid disease.
A State-of-the-Art Review of Applied Forms and Areas, Tools and Technologies for e-Participation
Authors: Ergazakis Kostas , Metaxiotis Kostas , Tsitsanis Tassos
Published: December 2012

The concept of e-Participation is important for both citizens and decision makers. From the citizen’s perspective, e-Participation provides the opportunity to achieve and satisfy the need to be heard by politicians and participate in the decision-making and policy formulation processes through the use of ICT. On the other side, politicians are also able to promote and encourage public participation through communication channels with citizens and act in line with public opinion. During the past years, the e-Participation landscape has been growing and developed. Currently, there are many applied forms and areas of e-Participation. At the same time, there are a growing variety of tools and technologies that are available to enhance e-Participation. In this paper, the authors present a complete overview of the e-Participation landscape, through the state-of-the-art review of these tools, technologies and areas of e-Participation. This overview is of value to researchers and practitioners who want to have a knowledge base for further research and practical implementation in the wider field of e-Participation.
Organizational Culture and E-Government Performance
Authors: Kanungo Shivraj , Jain Vikas
Published: December 2012

Government organizations differ significantly from private sector organizations in terms of their processes, culture, and ways of working. Plagued with phlegmatic and often lackadaisical work systems, government organizations tend to resist dramatic changes usually associated with technology based interventions. This study examines the effect of one dominant factor, organizational culture, on the success of e-government initiatives. To test the research model, survey data was collected from 315 respondents in 13 government organizations in India. The results indicate that a government organization which performs well on e-government projects exhibits specific cultural traits. Results also indicate that bureaucratic dimension, which emerges as the dominant cultural dimension in government organizations, is both positively and negatively related to e-government performance dimensions. The supportive and innovative dimensions of organizational culture are positively related to work process improvement and the job satisfaction of the user associated with e-government projects. Implications for practice and research are provided by interpreting the results in the context of the process paradox. The results show that while government and public sector organizations can use culture to positively impact efficiency dimensions of e-government performance, the dominant bureaucratic culture will tend to hinder systemic and enterprise-wide e-government performance.
Identifying Barriers to e-Government Services for Citizens in Developing Countries
Authors: Ray Subhajyoti
Published: December 2012

Although the use of ICT by government has demonstrated its potential in improving government services, worldwide there are more failures than successes of e-Government projects. In the context of developing countries, including India, authors have observed equally high failure rates. Therefore, it is important to understand the barriers to implementation of e-Government, especially in developing countries. This paper develops a comprehensive understanding of barriers to e-Government services for citizens in developing countries. This study was carried out in India, a developing country with a massive commitment to e-Government at policy and implementation levels. Based on variables identified from research, a survey of the key practitioners in e-Government was conducted to generate evidence on perceptions of barriers to e-Government. Even though a relatively small number of responses were received, the responses could be evaluated using principal component analysis to understand the latent structure of the barriers. Finally, 7 critical factors with 30 items are extracted that describe the latent structure of barriers to e-Government in development.
Enterprise 2.0 Impact on Company Performance in Developing Countries
Authors: Bughin Jacques
Published: December 2012

This chapter draws on findings from a unique global survey to analyze how Enterprise 2.0 has been adopted in developing economies and how much it contributes to individual company performance. Two results stand out. While the use of social technologies by companies is gaining momentum, adoption remains patchy and still lags in developed countries. Nevertheless, clear evidence exists that Enterprise 2.0 in developing countries, when used at scale, lifts company performance, especially when integrated into workflows and when companies redefine their processes and operating models through social technologies.
Similarity Searching of Medical Image Data in Distributed Systems
Authors: Charisi Amalia , Korvesis Panagiotis , Megalooikonomou Vasileios
Published: December 2012

In this paper, the authors propose a method for medical image retrieval in distributed systems to facilitate telemedicine. The proposed framework can be used by a network of healthcare centers, where some can be remotely located, assisting in diagnosis without the necessary transfer of patients. Security and confidentiality issues of medical data are expected, which are handled at the local site following the procedures and protocols of each institution. To make the search more effective, the authors introduce a distributed index based on features that are extracted from each image. Considering network bandwidth limitations and other restrictions that are associated with handling medical data, the images are processed locally and a pointer is distributed in the network. For the distribution of this pointer, the authors propose a function that maps the pointer of each image to a node with similar contents.