bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of the optical emission detected by Gaia with radio structures in parsec-scale active galactic nucleus jets
Authors: Lambert S. , Sol H. , Pierron A.
Published: February 2024

Aims. We investigated the location of the optical emission with respect to the parsec-scale radio structure and attempted to identify whether the optical centroid is coincident with the radio core or a radio component of the jet.

Methods. We used optical Gaia DR3 and 8 GHz ICRF3 positions and a model fitting of 15 GHz imaging by the MOJAVE VLBA survey for 422 sources, mostly blazars. We searched for possible associations between optical centroids and radio components. We also compared the astrometric and photometric properties of each category, looked for trends between the various source parameters, and discussed possible biases.

Results. Sources can be separated into four categories based on whether their optical centroid (i) falls onto the radio core (category C), (ii) lies close to the base of the jet (category B), (iii) coincides with a radio component downstream in the jet (category J), or (iv) is not found to coincide with a detected radio component (category O). Due to a number of random and systematic errors, the number of sources falling into each category remains approximate but close to 32%, 36%, 22%, and 10%, respectively. The family of quasars, mostly flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), clearly dominates the C and B categories, with their percentage decreasing from categories C to O. Conversely, the family of BL Lacs is spread over the four classes and dominates the category O. Radio galaxies are mainly in classes O and J, and the radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 all belong to class C. An individual analysis of O sources shows that, despite the absence of a direct association with a specific radio component, the optical Gaia centroid is globally related to the radio VLBI jet structure.

Conclusions. Our study shows that the spatial distribution of the optical counterparts seen by Gaia below the 0.2-arcsec scale around the radio cores appears in the vast majority of cases to be related to the AGN core or to its jet, with most of them located downstream in the jet. Those associated to the core also exhibit a bluer color index, suggesting a possible contribution of the accretion disk to the optical emission, while those associated to a radio knot in the jet appear redder and tend on average to be found in more polarized radio sources. Most BL Lacs have their optical emission coincident with the jet base or a knot in the jet, while sources with an optical emission on or close to the radio core are mostly FSRQs. Radio components associated with the optical centroid at the jet base or along the jet are mainly stationary or quasi-stationary features, with low apparent MOJAVE velocities. There are indications that the apparent proper motion of the Gaia centroids may be higher than the speed of the associated radio components, but the significance of this trend requires further investigation.
A catalogue of asteroseismically calibrated ages for APOGEE DR17
Authors: Boulet Thibault
Published: February 2024

Context. The formation history and evolution of the Milky Way through cosmological time is a complex field of research requiring the sampling of highly accurate stellar ages for all Galaxy components. Such highly reliable ages are starting to become available thanks to the synergy of asteroseismology, spectroscopy, stellar modelling, and machine learning analysis in the era of all-sky astronomical surveys.

Aims. Our goal is to provide an accurate list of ages for the Main Red Star Sample of the APOGEE DR17 catalogue. In order to reach this goal, ages obtained under asteroseismic constraints are used to train a machine learning model.

Methods. As our main objective is to obtain reliable age predictions without the need for asteroseismic parameters, the optimal choice of stellar non-asteroseismic parameters was investigated to obtain the best performances on the test set. The stellar parametersTeffand L, the abundances of [CI/N],[Mg/Ce], and [α/Fe], the U(LSR) velocity, and the vertical height from the Galactic plane ‘Z’ were used to predict ages with a categorical gradient boost decision trees model. The model was trained on two merged samples of the TESS Southern Continuous Viewing Zone and the Second APOKASC catalogue to avoid a data shift and to improve the reliability of the predictions. Finally, the model was tested on an independent data set of the K2 Galactic Archaeology Program.

Results. A model with a median fractional age error of 20.8% is obtained. Its prediction variance between the validation and the training set is 4.77%. For stars older than 3 Gyr, the median fractional error in age ranges from 7% to 23%. For stars with ages ranging from 1 to 3 Gyr, the median fractional error in age ranges from 26% to 28%. For stars younger than 1 Gyr, the median fractional error is 43%. The optimised model applies to 125 445 stars from the Main Red Star Sample of the APOGEE DR17 catalogue. Our analysis of the ages confirms previous findings regarding the flaring of the young Galactic disc towards its outer regions. Additionally, we find an age gradient among the youngest stars within the Galactic plane. Finally, we identify two groups of a few metal-poor ([Fe/H] < −1 dex) young stars (Age < 2 Gyr) with similar peculiar chemical abundances and halo kinematics. These are likely the outcomes of the predicted third and latest episode of gas infall in the solar vicinity (~2.7 Gyr ago).

Conclusions. We make a catalogue of asteroseismically calibrated ages for 125 445 red giants from the APOGEE DR17 catalogue available to the community. The analysis of the associated stellar parameters corroborates the predictions of different literature models.
SN 2019nyk: A rapidly declining Type II supernova with early interaction signatures
Authors: Dastidar Raya , Pignata Giuliano , Dukiya Naveen , Misra Kuntal , Hiramatsu Daichi , Silva-Farfán Javier , Andrew Howell D. , Azalee Bostroem K. , Singh Mridweeka , Gangopadhyay Anjasha , Kumar Amit , McCully Curtis
Published: February 2024

We present an optical photometric and spectroscopic analysis of the fast-declining hydrogen-rich Type II supernova (SN) 2019nyk. The light curve properties of SN 2019nyk align well with those of other fast-declining Type II SNe, such as SNe 2013by and 2014G. SN 2019nyk exhibits a peak absolute magnitude of −18.09 ± 0.17 mag in the V band, followed by a rapid decline at 2.84  ±  0.03 mag (100 d)−1 during the recombination phase. The early spectra of SN 2019nyk exhibit high-ionisation emission features as well as narrow H Balmer lines, persisting until 4.1 d since explosion, indicating the presence of circumstellar material (CSM) in close proximity. A comparison of these features with other Type II SNe displaying an early interaction reveals similarities between these features and those observed in SNe 2014G and 2023ixf. We also compared the early spectra to literature models, estimating a mass-loss rate of the order of 10−3 M⊙ yr−1. Radiation hydrodynamical modelling of the light curve also suggests the mass loss from the progenitor within a short period prior to explosion, totalling 0.16 M⊙ of material within 2900 R⊙ of the progenitor. Furthermore, light curve modelling infers a zero-age main sequence mass of 15 M⊙ for the progenitor, a progenitor radius of 1031 R⊙, and an explosion energy of 1.1 × 1051 erg.
The structural properties of multiple populations in globular clusters: The instructive case of NGC 3201
Authors: Cadelano Mario , Dalessandro Emanuele , Vesperini Enrico
Published: February 2024

All multiple population (MP) formation models in globular clusters (GCs) predict that second population (SP) stars form more centrally concentrated than the first population (FP). As dynamical evolution proceeds, spatial differences are progressively erased and only dynamically young clusters are expected to retain a partial memory of the initial structural differences. In recent years, this picture has been supported by observations of the MP radial distributions of both Galactic and extragalactic GCs. However, more recent observations have suggested that in some systems, FPs might actually form more centrally segregated, with NGC 3201 being one significant example of such a possibility. Here, we present a detailed morphological and kinematic characterization of the MPs in NGC 3201, based on a combination of photometric and astrometric data. We show that the distribution of the SP is clearly bimodal. Specifically, the SP is significantly more centrally concentrated than the FP within ∼1.3 cluster’s half-mass radius. Beyond this point, the SP fraction increases again, likely due to asymmetries in the spatial distributions of the two populations. The central concentration of the SP observed in the central regions implies that it formed more centrally concentrated than the FP, even more so than what is observed in the present-day. This interpretation is supported by the key information provided by the MP kinematic properties. Indeed, we find that the FP is isotropic across all the sampled cluster extension, while the velocity distribution of the SP becomes radially anisotropic in the cluster’s outer regions, as expected for the dynamical evolution of SP stars formed more centrally concentrated than the FP. The combination of spatial and kinematic observations provide key insights into the dynamical properties of this cluster and lend further support to scenarios in which the SP forms more centrally concentrated than the FP.
Lithium-rich Cepheid V470 Cas
Authors: Martin R. P. , Kovtyukh V. V. , Andrievsky S. M. , Korotin S. A.
Published: February 2024

Aims. In this Letter, we report the discovery of a new lithium-rich yellow supergiant star – the Cepheid V470 Cas – that has a high lithium abundance, log A(Li) = 3.29. This is highly unusual for supergiant stars. V470 Cas is joining a very select group of lithium-rich Cepheids, with only nine members known to date in our Galaxy.

Methods. For the analysis of our high-resolution echelle spectrum obtained at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, methods based on both local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) assumptions were applied. In particular, the lithium abundance was derived by analysing the equivalent width of the 6707 Å line.

Results. Most lithium-rich Cepheids are located near the blue edge of the instability strip near the bottom of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Their main sequence progenitors are distributed over a mass range of three to five solar masses. Of the nine lithium-rich Cepheids known, six are double-mode pulsators, including our programme Cepheid. It is very likely that the stars of this small group are entering the instability strip for the first time and have not yet passed the red giant phase. Therefore, they have not experienced the large-scale mixing event that could destroy lithium in their convective zones.
Building Nusantara: a comparative study on capital city relocation and the path towards a smart, sustainable urban future
Authors: Julian Perdana Adani
Published: February 2024

Nusantara, the planned new capital city of Indonesia, aspires to be a green, smart, and sustainable city. This paper explores the political, economic, and social dimensions of Nusantara's development, focusing on the strategic decision to relocate the capital from Jakarta. The research analyzes the challenges and trade-offs involved in balancing environmental conservation with the need for urban development. It evaluates the policies and initiatives implemented to achieve the vision of a smart and sustainable city, considering the integration of technology, digital infrastructure, and data management. Drawing on comparative analysis, the paper examines historical parallels and precedents in capital relocation projects worldwide to derive lessons for Nusantara's development. The findings highlight the importance of environmental governance, public participation, and stakeholder engagement in achieving a sustainable and inclusive urban environment. The paper concludes with recommendations for policymakers and identifies avenues for future research in the field of sustainable urban development and capital relocation.
The analysis of dietary diversity and food insecurity experience of urban farmers’ households in Bandung City
Authors: Lesya Putri Hayu , Andoyo Robi , Lara Utama Gemilang
Published: February 2024

More than 96% of Bandung City's food sources came from outside Bandung City and put Bandung as a food insecure city. One of the Bandung City Government's strategies was to increase the availability and access of food through urban farming. This research aimed to examine the household food security of urban farmers’ families through the dietary diversity and food insecurity experiences. In this paper, the samples were all 12 P2L (Pekarangan Pangan Lestari/Sustainable Food Garden) groups in Bandung City as well as 13 groups of Buruan SAE located in the same sub-district as the P2L groups. The comparison method was carried out based on HDDS (Household Dietary Diversity Scale) questionnaire and FIES (Food Insecurity Experience Scale) prevalence between the P2L group and the Buruan SAE group. The result showed that both urban farming groups had high HDDS scores (>6 types of food consumed). Based on the prevalence of FIES, there are 38.45% of the Buruan SAE group with mildly food insecure status, higher than the P2L group which is 16.67%. This can be caused by the biodiversity of agricultural land, household income and land ownership status.
Vegetation change analysis using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in Sumedang Regency
Authors: Aini Rahmi Muthi’ah , Parikesit Parikesit , Withaningsih Susanti
Published: February 2024

Vegetation is a crucial element of livable and healthy cities and has been linked to a number of advantages, such as enhanced human health, habitat provision, and natural system regulation. Planning sustainable cities requires an understanding of and documentation of changes in urban vegetation. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)'s spatial variance and driving force are useful for managing natural resources and protecting ecological environments. Using Sumedang Regency as the research area, the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) was computed using Landsat-7 ETM and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS data from 2003 to 2023. The findings show that the high greenness index first declined and subsequently increased between 2003 and 2023. Sumedang Regency's high greenness index shrank in area between 2003 and 2018. In 2003, 144793.17 ha was categorised as high greenness index, but in 2018 the high greenness index was only 122392.08 ha. Furthermore, the index with non-vegetated land increases every year. This shows that Sumedang Regency continues to experience land use change into non-vegetated areas, such as settlements and bare land. This research can provide assistance for the development of a sustainable natural environment in Sumedang Regency.
Spin-orbit interactions of light: Fundamentals and emergent applications
Authors: Puentes Graciana
Published: February 2024

We present a comprehensive review of recent developments in Spin Orbit Interactions (SOIs) of light in photonic materials. In particular, we highlight progress on detection of Spin Hall Effect (SHE) of light in hyperbolic metamaterials and metasurfaces. Moreover, we outline some fascinating future directions for emergent applications of SOIs of light in photonic devices of the upcoming generation.
Meta-analysis of transcriptomic profiles in Dunaliella tertiolecta reveals molecular pathway responses to different abiotic stresses
Authors: Panahi Bahman , Farhadian Mohammad , Hosseinzadeh Gharajeh Nahid , Mohammadi Seyyed Abolghasem , Hejazi Mohammad Amin
Published: February 2024

Microalgae are photosynthetic organisms and a potential source of sustainable metabolite production. However, different stress conditions might affect the production of various metabolites. In this study, a meta-analysis of RNA-seq experiments in Dunaliella tertiolecta was evaluated to compare metabolite biosynthesis pathways in response to abiotic stress conditions such as high light, nitrogen deficiency and high salinity. Results showed downregulation of light reaction, photorespiration, tetrapyrrole and lipid-related pathways occurred under salt stress. Nitrogen deficiency mostly induced the microalgal responses of light reaction and photorespiration metabolism. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, phosphoglucose isomerase, bisphosphoglycerate mutase and glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase (involved in central carbon metabolism) were commonly upregulated under salt, light and nitrogen stresses. Interestingly, the results indicated that the meta-genes (modules of genes strongly correlated) were located in a hub of stress-specific protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Module enrichment of meta-genes PPI networks highlighted the cross-talk between photosynthesis, fatty acids, starch and sucrose metabolism under multiple stress conditions. Moreover, it was observed that the coordinated expression of the tetrapyrrole intermediated with meta-genes was involved in starch biosynthesis. Our results also showed that the pathways of vitamin B6 metabolism, methane metabolism, ribosome biogenesis and folate biosynthesis responded specifically to different stress factors. Since the results of this study revealed the main pathways underlying the abiotic stress, they might be applied in optimised metabolite production by the microalga Dunaliella in future studies. PRISMA check list was also included in the study.
G. P. Darnell-Smith and the introduction of copper carbonate ‘dry pickling’ of wheat seed
Authors: Murray G. M.
Published: February 2024

George Percy Darnell-Smith (1868–1942) was the second plant pathologist appointed to the New South Wales Department of Agriculture. Although he founded the Microbiology Branch (later Plant Pathology Branch) and wrote articles on many plant diseases, his noteworthy contribution was developing the ‘dry pickle’ treatment for common bunt of wheat during the 1910s. Darnell-Smith built on the knowledge gained over the previous 150 years on this disease. Common bunt was the first disease—plant, animal or human—whose cause and disease cycle were found. Mathieu Tillet pioneered scientific study of plant disease with his work on bunt in the 1750s. His microscopic examination showed that minute spores infected wheat seedlings leading to bunt developing in place of wheat seeds. His field experiments found that ‘pickling’ seed with copper solutions and other toxic chemicals prevented the disease. Farmers and researchers refined these wet treatments but they remained tedious to use and reduced seed germination and seedling emergence. Darnell-Smith developed an improved treatment with copper carbonate dust that gave effective control of both seed- and soil-borne inoculum. He patented a simple machine for on-farm use. His treatment had advantages over the wet pickles, being much simpler to apply and not affecting seed germination. After confirmation in the United States of America in the early 1920s, the treatment was rapidly adopted there and in other countries where by 1930 it had reduced bunt from a common disease to one rarely seen. Darnell-Smith said that he chose to work with copper carbonate based on studies by F. C. Clark in the United States of America. However, the German scientist Carl von Tubeuf had described its effectiveness as a dry powder against bunt in 1902. Darnell-Smith lectured in England before moving to Australia so it is possible that he knew of this work. Perhaps the considerable anti-German feeling in Australia during World War I dissuaded Darnell-Smith from acknowledging von Tubeuf.
Estudio de corpus del español europeo sobre la selección modal en las oraciones valorativas encabezadas por el artículo
neutro
Authors: Loporcaro Fabio , Guijarro Ojeda Juan Ramón , Bermejo Calleja María Felisa
Published: February 2024

Abstracta

Este estudio aborda la alternancia modal inherente a las oraciones valorativas encabezadas por el artículo neutro.
Se ha constatado la coexistencia de teorías mutuamente excluyentes: unas plantean la incidencia del modo en el plano informativo;
según otras, el segmento subordinado siempre representa el rema, independientemente del modo de su verbo. Para corroborar una u
otra, se han analizado 4222 ocurrencias en el Corpes XXI y se ha determinado con qué frecuencia indicativo y
subjuntivo aparecen en el patrón sintáctico-semántico de interés con diversos adjetivos y verbos. Se ha detectado una
simplificación del sistema por la que uno u otro modo es usado cada vez más de forma exclusiva según la semántica y la frecuencia
del adjetivo o verbo que los induce. Tal constatación no solo es compatible únicamente con la función de rema del segmento
subordinado, sino también con los presupuestos teóricos secundarios relativos a las estructuras estudiadas.
Technology and times scales in Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV)
Authors: Dolan D H
Published: February 2024

Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) is a fiber-based measurement amenable to a wide range of experimental conditions. Interference between two optical signals—one Doppler shifted and the other not—is the essential principle in these measurements. A confluence of commercial technologies, largely driven by the telecommunication industry, makes PDV particularly convenient at near-infrared wavelengths. This discussion considers how measurement time scales of interest relate to the design, operation, and analysis of a PDV measurement, starting from the steady state through nanosecond resolution. Benefits and outstanding challenges of PDV are summarized, with comparisons to related diagnostics.
Deep ultraviolet applications of mono-bilayer boron nitride nanoribbons: a first-principles study
Authors: Hao Jiandong , Li Ling , Shi Ningqiang , Liu Zhenxing
Published: February 2024

The optical properties of mono-bilayer boron nitride nanoribbons (BNNRs) on deep ultraviolet (DUV) region were calculated by adjusting the width, interlayer spacing and layer stacking. The band structure of monolayer BNNRs is sensitive to the width. DUV response also changes with the width, interlayer spacing and layer stacking in the mono-bilayer BNNRs. The N-N layer stacking can improve the reflectivity and absorption coefficient of DUV response. Therefore, the electronic properties and DUV response of mono-bilayer BNNRs can be tuned through changing the width, interlayer spacing and layer stacking. Our results show that BNNRs can be applied for DUV communication and DUV detectors, etc.
A grating-modified broadband D-type photonic crystal fiber polarization filter
Authors: Wang Qianxu , Liu Fei , Yan Shuxia , Chen Zhipan , Zhang Ailing
Published: February 2024

In this paper, a D-type grating-modified broadband photonic crystal fiber polarization filter based on surface plasmon resonance is proposed. The asymmetric design of D-type photonic crystal fiber is helpful to achieve single-mode polarization filtering, and grating can increase the coupling between the core mode and the SPP mode and thus increase the constraint loss. From our simulation results, it can be seen that the applicable bandwidth range can easily reach 1 μm. At the communication wavelength of 1750 nm, the calculated constraint losses of x-polarized and y-polarized core modes are 4.2526 dB cm−1 and 1491.8 dB cm−1, respectively, and the crosstalk is up to 1292 dB. The proposed grating-modified of photonic crystal fiber has achieved good filtering effect in the near-infrared band, and even extended to the mid-infrared band.
Bloch sphere analog of qudits using Heisenberg-Weyl Operators
Authors: Sharma Gautam , Ghosh Sibasish , Sazim Sk
Published: February 2024

We study an analogous Bloch sphere representation of higher-level quantum systems using the Heisenberg-Weyl operator basis. We introduce a parametrization method that will allow us to identify a real-valued Bloch vector for an arbitrary density operator. Before going into arbitrary d-level (d ≥ 3) quantum systems (qudits), we start our analysis with three-level ones (qutrits). It is well known that we need at least eight real parameters in the Bloch vector to describe arbitrary three-level quantum systems (qutrits). However, using our method we can divide these parameters into four weight, and four angular parameters, and find that the weight parameters are inducing a unit sphere in four-dimension. And, the four angular parameters determine whether a Bloch vector is physical. Therefore, unlike its qubit counterpart, the qutrit Bloch sphere does not exhibit a solid structure. Importantly, this construction allows us to define different properties of qutrits in terms of Bloch vector components. We also examine the two and three-dimensional sections of the sphere, which reveal a non-convex yet closed structure for physical qutrit states. Further, we apply our representation to derive mutually unbiased bases (MUBs), characterize unital maps for qutrits, and assess ensembles using the Hilbert-Schmidt and Bures metrics. Moreover, we extend this construction to qudits, showcasing its potential applicability beyond the qutrit scenario.
Heating ability of amine functionalized Fe3O4 as a function of field amplitude and frequency for hyperthermia application
Authors: Madkhali Nawal , Alshehri Feras , Abduljawad Marwan M , Algessair Saja , Lemine O M
Published: February 2024

The functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is crucial for their biomedical applications such as magnetic hyperthermia, which attracted attention in recent years as a promising alternative or complementary therapy to traditional cancer treatments. Here, we investigate a synthetic approach based on the hydrothermal process for the amine-functionalized magnetite (Fe3O4-NH2) MNPs for possible use in hyperthermia. The characterization of coated MNPs by FTIR confirms the functionalization with the amine group, while the XRD shows how the magnetite phase was formed. Magnetic measurements of both coated and uncoated MNPs at room temperature revealed their ferrimagnetic behavior. It was found from magnetic hyperthermia measurements under an alternating magnetic field (AMF) that functionalized with amine MNPs reach hyperthermia temperatures (42 °C)) in relatively short times (around 10 min.) with a adequate value of sample absorption rate (SAR)in the range between 33 to 45 W g–1. The (NH2) groups on the surface of the (Fe3O4) nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermal process make them amenable to further functionalization with various biomolecules. This enables the nanoparticles to be tailored for specific applications, such as drug delivery or targeting specific cells or tissues. Moreover, the appropriate crystallinity combined with the relatively adequate heating ability and adequate saturation suggest that the functionalized MNPs are promising for hyperthermia application.
Investigation of structural and electronic properties of double perovskites A2LnRuO6 (A = Ba, Ca; Ln = Eu, Dy)
Authors: Sharma Neha , Kapila Sharma Neha , Sharma Hitesh , Mudahar Isha
Published: February 2024

Using density functional theory, we investigated the structural, vibrational, and electronic properties of A2LnRuO6 (A = Ba, Ca; Ln = Eu, Dy) double perovskite oxides using GGA and GGA+U exchange-correlation approximations. Ba2LnRuO6 double perovskites exhibit a structure with cubic (

Fm

3

¯

m

) symmetry, whereas Ca2LnRuO6 compounds have monoclinic (P21/n) symmetry. Raman spectroscopy analysis shows stability and the presence of A1g
, E
g
and 2F2g modes for Ba2LnRuO6, while for Ca2LnRuO6, the observed Raman active modes are A
g
and B
g
. A2LnRuO6 shows semiconducting nature with an electronic band gap in the range of 1.3 eV-3.27 eV with GGA+U calculations. The spin-polarized calculations indicate the presence of strong magnetic behaviour with magnetic moment equal to 3 μ

B
/unit cell for Ba2LnRuO6 and 6 μ

B
/unit cell for Ca2LnRuO6. The spin-up and spin-down states show different band gap values so these compounds can be useful for applications in spintronics and magnetic memory devices.
Quintessence in the Weyl-Gauss-Bonnet model
Authors: Terente Díaz José Jaime , Dimopoulos Konstantinos , Karčiauskas Mindaugas , Racioppi Antonio
Published: February 2024

Quintessence models have been widely examined in the context of scalar-Gauss-Bonnet
gravity, a subclass of Horndeski's theory, and were proposed as viable candidates for Dark
Energy. However, the relatively recent observational constraints on the speed of gravitational
waves c
GW have resulted in many of those models being ruled out because they predict c
GW ≠ c generally. While these were formulated in the metric formalism of
gravity, we put forward a new quintessence model with the scalar-Gauss-Bonnet action but in Weyl
geometry, where the connection is not metric compatible. We find the fixed points of the dynamical
system under some assumptions and determine their stability via linear analysis. The past
evolution of the Universe can be reproduced correctly, but the late Universe constraints on c
GW are grossly violated. Moreover, at these later stages tensor modes suffer from
the gradient instabilities. We also consider the implications of imposing an additional constraint c
GW = c, but this does not lead to evolution that is consistent with
cosmological observations.
Weighted monogamy and polygamy relations
Authors: Cao Yue , Jing Naihuan , Wang Yiling
Published: February 2024

This research offers a comprehensive approach to strengthening both monogamous and polygamous relationships within the context of quantum correlations in multipartite quantum systems. We present the most stringent bounds for both monogamy and polygamy in multipartite systems compared to recently established relations. We show that whenever a bound is given (named it monogamy or polygamy), our bound indexed by some parameter s will always be stronger than the given bound. The study includes detailed examples, highlighting that our findings exhibit greater strength across all existing cases in comparison.
Accelerating P300-based neurofeedback training for attention enhancement using iterative learning control: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Noble S-C , Woods E , Ward T , Ringwood J V
Published: February 2024

Objective. Neurofeedback (NFB) training through brain–computer interfacing has demonstrated efficacy in treating neurological deficits and diseases, and enhancing cognitive abilities in healthy individuals. It was previously shown that event-related potential (ERP)-based NFB training using a P300 speller can improve attention in healthy adults by incrementally increasing the difficulty of the spelling task. This study aims to assess the impact of task difficulty adaptation on ERP-based attention training in healthy adults. To achieve this, we introduce a novel adaptation employing iterative learning control (ILC) and compare it against an existing method and a control group with random task difficulty variation. Approach. The study involved 45 healthy participants in a single-blind, three-arm randomised controlled trial. Each group underwent one NFB training session, using different methods to adapt task difficulty in a P300 spelling task: two groups with personalised difficulty adjustments (our proposed ILC and an existing approach) and one group with random difficulty. Cognitive performance was evaluated before and after the training session using a visual spatial attention task and we gathered participant feedback through questionnaires. Main results. All groups demonstrated a significant performance improvement in the spatial attention task post-training, with an average increase of 12.63%. Notably, the group using the proposed iterative learning controller achieved a 22% increase in P300 amplitude during training and a 17% reduction in post-training alpha power, all while significantly accelerating the training process compared to other groups. Significance. Our results suggest that ERP-based NFB training using a P300 speller effectively enhances attention in healthy adults, with significant improvements observed after a single session. Personalised task difficulty adaptation using ILC not only accelerates the training but also enhances ERPs during the training. Accelerating NFB training, while maintaining its effectiveness, is vital for its acceptability by both end-users and clinicians.
Compressive sensing of complex-valued data using Gaussian entropy
Authors: Shen Yibing
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we propose an effective compressive sensing algorithm based on Gaussian entropy for complex-data. Compared with the traditional mean squared error (MSE) method, we consider the full second order statistics information of Gaussian noise in the new algorithm, including relevant information and conjugate information, which makes the recovered signal closer to the original input signal. Simulation results of the synthesized 1D signal and 2D signal show that the proposed algorithm has better performance than the MSE method.
An open-sorce IP-Core for Multi-Voltage Thresholding signal acquisition with FPGAs
Authors: Eliseev D. , Ehlert E. , Hebbeker T. , Merschmeyer M. , Presser C.
Published: February 2024

High-speed multichannel ADCs are costly and require complex FPGA or MCU firmware to communicate with them. The Multi-Voltage Thresholding (MVT) approach can replace to some extent an external ADC by harnessing the internal FPGA resources, thus reducing costs and complexity. The MVT approach needs only a few low-cost external components. The focus of the contribution is presenting an open-source IP-Core that implements the MVT approach and simplifies its implementation on a standard FPGA. The contribution also provides an overview of characterization measurements and specific calibration method. Our example application demonstrates the viability of the developed IP-Core for signal acquisition from multiple SiPMs.
Simulation and first characterization of MAPS test structures with gain for timing applications
Authors: Corradino T. , Neubüser C. , Giovanazzi G. , Andrini G. , Ferrero C. , Gioachin G. , Durando S. , Follo U. , Dalla Betta G.F. , Mandurrino M. , Pancheri L. ,   the ARCADIA collaboration
Published: February 2024

Thanks to their advantages in terms of easiness of manufacturing and reduced production costs, Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) represent an appealing solution for radiation imaging applications, which require to cover large areas with pixelated detectors. In the next upgrade of the ALICE detector, that will have to deal with the higher event rate resulting from the planned increase in the LHC luminosity, it is foreseen to include two additional sensor layers to perform Time of Flight (ToF) measurements. Trying to reach the challenging timing resolution required by the ALICE ToF layers, an internal gain layer has been included in the test structures of the third engineering run of the ARCADIA project to improve the timing performance of this MAPS technology. In the paper we will present an overview of the main results obtained from the electrical and the dynamic characterization of the fabricated devices, which have been compared with the behavior expected from the preliminary TCAD simulations carried out in the design phase. The experimental results confirmed the feasibility of embedding a gain layer in the ARCADIA 110 nm CMOS technology to develop monolithic LGADs.
Study of bulk damage of high dose gamma irradiated p-type silicon diodes with various resistivities
Authors: Zatocilova I. , Mikestikova M. , Latonova V. , Kroll J. , Privara R. , Novotny P. , Dudas D. , Kvasnicka J.
Published: February 2024

The bulk damage of p-type silicon detectors caused by high doses of gamma irradiation has been studied. The study was carried out on three types of n+-in-p silicon diodes with comparable geometries but different initial resistivities. This allowed to determine how different initial parameters of studied samples influence radiation-induced changes in the measured characteristics. The diodes were irradiated by a Cobalt-60 gamma source to total ionizing doses ranging from 0.50 up to 8.28 MGy, and annealed for 80 minutes at 60 °C. The Geant4 toolkit for simulation of the passage of particles through matter was used to simulate the deposited energy homogeneity, to verify the equal distribution of total deposited energies through all the layers of irradiated samples, and to calculate the secondary electron spectra in the irradiation box. The main goal of the study was to characterize the gamma-radiation induced displacement damage by measuring current-voltage characteristics (IV), and the evolution of the full depletion voltage (V
FD) with the total ionizing dose, by measuring capacitance-voltage characteristics (CV). It has been observed that the bulk leakage current increases linearly with total ionizing dose, and the damage coefficient depends on the initial resistivity of the silicon diode. The effective doping concentration and therefore V
FD significantly decreases with increasing total ionizing dose, before starting to increase again at a specific dose. We assume that this decrease is caused by the effect of acceptor removal. Another noteworthy observation of this study is that the IV and CV measurements of the gamma irradiated diodes do not reveal any annealing effect.
Exploring the potential of muon radiography for blast furnace assessments: advancements in
non-invasive imaging and structural analysis
Authors: Frosin C. , Ambrosino F. , Andreetto P. , Bonechi L. , Bonomi G. , Borselli D. , Bottai S. , Buhles T. , Calliari I. , Checchia P. , Chiarotti U. , Cialdai C. , Ciaranfi R. , Cimmino L. , Ciulli V. , De Seta Cosentino P.G. , D'Alessandro R. , Santos Ferreira R.P. , Finke F. , Franzen A. , Glaser B. , Gonzi S. , Lorenzon A. , Masone V. , Moroli V. , Nechyporuk O. , Paccagnella A. , Petrini R. , Pezzato L. , Rangavittal B.V. , Ressegotti D. , Saracino G. , Sauerwald J. , Starodubtsev O. , Viliani L. , Volzone F. , Vynnycky M. ,   The BLEMAB collaboration
Published: February 2024

The BLEMAB European project (BLast furnace stack density Estimation through online Muon
ABsorption measurements), the evolution of the previous Mu-Blast European project, is designed to
investigate in detail the capability of muon radiography techniques applied to the imaging of the
inner zone of a blast furnace. In particular, the goal of this collaboration is to characterize
the internal region (so-called cohesive zone) where the slowly downward-moving material begins to
soften and melt, which plays an important role in the performance of the blast furnace itself. In
this contribution, we describe the state-of-the-art of the muon tracking system which is currently
being developed and installed at a blast furnace on the ArcelorMittal site in Bremen
(Germany). Moreover, we will present the GEANT4 simulation framework devised for this application
together with the simulation results. Finally, we will show the possible contribution of multiple
scattering effects to such peculiar applications.
Latest feasibility studies of LAPPD as a timing layer for the LHCb Upgrade 2 ECAL
Authors: Barnyakov M. , Ferrari F. , Manuzzi D. , Perazzini S. , Vagnoni V. ,   the LHCb PicoCal group
Published: February 2024

The target of the LHCb experiment Upgrade 2 is to operate with an instantaneous luminosity
a factor seven higher than the current one to reach the ultimate precision in several domains of
its physics program. This objective challenges the development of subdetectors able to cope with
the high-occupancy regime foreseen. The time-of-arrival of the particles at the various
subdetectors is a promising new feature. Simulation studies show that, with a time resolution of
about 10–20 ps, it will be possible to exploit the time separation of the primary proton-proton
collisions and effectively mitigate the pileup. Concerning the LHCb Upgrade 2 electromagnetic
calorimeter, the “Large Area Picosecond Photo Detector” technology (LAPPD) is currently a
candidate to constitute a timing layer placed at the shower maximum.

The LAPPD is the largest microchannel-plate photomultiplier ever built, entirely made with
inexpensive materials. This paper depicts the status of the art of the ongoing R&D campaign. In
particular, four LAPPD models have been characterized so far: the Gen-I with stripline readout and
the Gen-II with external pixelated readout, both with 10 or 20 μm pore size. A time
resolution close to the target was measured with test beams at DESY (electrons from 1 to 5.8 GeV)
and SPS (electrons from 20 to 100 GeV). The radiation hardness of the MCP layers was stressed and
verified up to 1016 protons/cm2 at CERN IRRAD facility and 300 C/cm2 using a UV lamp in
the laboratory. The performances at high rates were investigated with two lasers (λ =
405 nm): they will be crucial for the upcoming development steps.
Tunneling in soft waveguides: closing a book
Authors: Exner Pavel , Spitzkopf David
Published: February 2024

We investigate the spectrum of a soft quantum waveguide in two dimensions of the generalized ‘bookcover’ shape, that is, Schrödinger operator with the potential in the form of a ditch consisting of a finite curved part and straight asymptotes which are parallel or almost parallel pointing in the same direction. We show how the eigenvalues accumulate when the angle between the asymptotes tends to zero. In case of parallel asymptotes the existence of a discrete spectrum depends on the ditch profile. We prove that it is absent in the weak-coupling case, on the other hand, it exists provided the transverse potential is strong enough. We also present a numerical example in which the critical strength can be assessed.
Open 2–TASEP with integrable boundaries
Authors: Cantini Luigi
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we explore a two-species extension of the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) known as ‘2–TASEP’ with open boundaries. In this model, carriers on a one-dimensional lattice exhibit distinct behaviors: loaded carriers move right, empty carriers move left, and they exchange positions at a unit rate. At the boundaries carriers are loaded at the left and unloaded at the right. We focus on the stationary state of this model. Using the integrability of this model, we introduce spectral parameters to deform it. This process uncovers an underlying algebraic structure linked to the Weyl group

C

L

. Exploiting this structure, we analytically compute the stationary state of the inhomogeneous model, which permits, after spectral parameter specialization, to derive the exact average particle current of the original 2–TASEP.
Anomalous non-Gaussian diffusion of scaled Brownian motion in a quenched disorder environment
Authors: Suleiman Kheder , Li Yongge , Xu Yong
Published: February 2024

This paper aims to investigate particle dynamics in a random environment, subjected to power-law time-dependent temperature. To this end, the scaled Brownian motion (SBM), a stochastic process described by a diffusion equation with time-dependent diffusivity, has been studied numerically in quenched disordered systems (QDLs). Here, QDLs have been modeled by spatial correlated Gaussian random potential with an exponential normalized correlation function. Results show nonergodic non-Gaussian subdiffusion for subdiffusive SBM. While a crossover from non-Gaussian Brownian diffusion to long-time Gaussian superdiffusion has been observed for the superdiffusive SBM scenario. Furthermore, the first passage time to an object significantly depends on the governing SBM regime and its scale parameter, where the first passage time becomes faster with the increasing scale parameter. The mechanism underlying these behaviors has been uncovered numerically.
Introduction
Authors: Edelman R David
Published: February 2024

The introduction orients the reader on the topic of the book: state-on-state cyberattacks, which it argues are an uncommon but arguably far more significant phenomenon in the broad sweep of international security than many more commonly discussed activities, meriting deeper analysis than they have received to date. After outlining the reasons that increasing digital dependency suggests a growing motivation for and damage caused by cyberattacks, the introduction centers the work specifically on the topic of restraint. It argues that the scale of potential disruption and growing proliferation of capabilities creates an imperative to understand what current evidence shows might cause a state to rethink an otherwise potentially rational choice to conduct a cyberattack against an opponent. It concludes by providing an overview of the book’s main argument and structure.
Furthering Scientific Inquiry for Weight Loss Maintenance: Assessing the Psychological Processes Impacted by a Low intensity Technology-Assisted Intervention (NULevel Trial)
Authors: Joyal-Desmarais Keven , Rothman Alexander J , Evans Elizabeth H , Araújo-Soares Vera , Sniehotta Falko F
Published: February 2024

Background

NULevel was a randomized control trial to evaluate a technology-assisted weight loss maintenance (WLM) program in the UK. The program included: (a) a face-to-face goal-setting session; (b) an internet platform, a pedometer, and wirelessly connected scales to monitor and report diet, physical activity, and weight, and; (c) regular automated feedback delivered by mobile phone, tailored to participants’ progress. Components were designed to target psychological processes linked to weight-related behavior. Though intervention participants showed increased physical activity, there was no difference in WLM between the intervention and control groups after 12 months (Sniehotta FF, Evans EH, Sainsbury K, et al. Behavioural intervention for weight loss maintenance versus standard weight advice in adults with obesity: A randomized controlled trial in the UK (NULevel Trial). PLoS Med. 2019; 16(5):e1002793. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002793). It is unclear whether the program failed to alter targeted psychological processes, or whether changes in these processes failed to influence WLM.

Purpose

We evaluate whether the program influenced 16 prespecified psychological processes (e.g., self-efficacy and automaticity toward diet and physical activity), and whether these processes (at 6 months) were associated with successful WLM (at 12 months).

Methods

288 adults who had previously lost weight were randomized to the intervention or control groups. The control group received wireless scales and standard advice via newsletters. Assessments occurred in person at 0, 6, and 12 months.

Results

The intervention significantly altered 10 of the 16 psychological processes, compared with the control group. However, few processes were associated with WLM, leading to no significant indirect effects of the intervention via the processes on WLM.

Conclusions

Changes in targeted processes were insufficient to support WLM. Future efforts may more closely examine the sequence of effects between processes, behavior, and WLM.