bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Zealand Research Applications of, and Developments in, Low Damage Technology for Steel Structures
Authors: MacRae Gregory A. , Clifton George Charles , Bruneau Michel
Published: February 2018

Over the past few years, the South Island of New Zealand has been subject to significant sequences of earthquake shaking. In particular, 2010-2011 events affected the city of Christchurch resulting in large scale demolition of buildings. Also, the recent and continuing 11/2016 events caused severe damage in the countryside, in small towns, and moderate damage further afield. This paper describes “low damage construction” methods being used in NZ, and especially in the Christchurch rebuild, to limit the possibility of building demolition in future large seismic events. The buildings used in the Christchurch rebuild are generally supported by structural steel framing. These steel buildings include BRB systems, EBF systems with replaceable active links, rocking systems, base isolation using friction pendulum systems and/or lead-rubber dissipaters, RBS beams, lead extrusion dissipaters, yielding flexural dissipaters, and friction connections. Concerns about a number of currently used systems are discussed.
Compatibility Forces in Floor Diaphragms of Steel Braced Multi-Story Buildings
Authors: Rezaeian Hooman , Clifton George Charles , Lim James B.P.
Published: February 2018

Floors have a key role in the seismic behaviour of structures, especially in multi-story buildings. The in-plane behaviour of a floor system influences the seismic response of the structure significantly and affects the distribution of lateral forces between seismic resisting systems and over the height of the structure. In buildings where the seismic resisting systems are in the same location in plan on each floor over the height of the building, inertial and displacement compatibility shear forces are the principal shear forces generated at the interface between the floor system and the seismic-resisting system. These two are called interface diaphragm forces. These interface forces must be transferred into the appropriate lateral load resisting system and the interface must be well designed and detailed. Determination of the magnitude of the interface loads on concrete diaphragms are not well understood and still a matter of debate. There is no consensus of a design procedure for determining the diaphragm actions and distribution into the seismic resisting systems. In this paper, interface forces generated in floor diaphragms by asymmetrical actions of the braced framing system on each side of the building in the direction of analysis have been investigated. A numerical study using Numerical Integration Time History Analysis (NITH), has been undertaken to evaluate the interface forces of concrete floor diaphragms in a 12-story braced steel building. The results of nonlinear time history analyses using ground motion records from three different earthquakes are presented.
Lightweight Steel Constructions for Seismic Areas
Authors: Landolfo Raffaele
Published: February 2018

Lightweight steel constructions are one of the innovative constructional systems steadily increasing in spread due to their huge benefits in respect to more traditional constructional systems. Typical lightweight steel products, usually combined with gypsum, wood and cement based panels, can be used to build both structural and nonstructural systems. After a brief description of the most common lightweight steel constructional systems, this paper describes the state of the art by focusing the attention on their behaviour under seismic actions. In particular, the main past and ongoing research themes are briefly summarised and a critical comparison among seismic codes available in North America, Europe and Oceania is presented. Finally, an overview of studies carried out on this topic at the University of Naples Federico II is presented and latest research activities involving the seismic performance assessment of both lightweight steel structural and nonstructural architectonic systems though shake-table tests is provided.
Floor Diaphragm In-Plane Modelling Using Elastic Truss Elements
Authors: Alizadeh Saeid , MacRae Gregory A. , Bull Des , Clifton George Charles
Published: February 2018

Different methods to model building floor diaphragm in-plane stiffness with truss elements are compared to identify the method most suitable for analysis in design. The methods considered include (i) an elastic diagonal truss element model, and (ii) an elastic diamond truss element model. The truss elements were placed in square blocks and are compared with FEM in terms of stiffness and capturing beam axial forces. It was found that diagonal model transferred some part of diaphragm force directly to the column. The diamond framework superior because it was less sensitive to mesh size, gives a more accurate stiffness with a lower number of elements and a more accurate beam axial force. Furthermore, it better provides information in a better format for design.
Finite Element Analysis of Composite Replaceable Short Links
Authors: Zimbru Mariana , D'Aniello Mario , Stratan Aurel , Landolfo Raffaele , Dubină Dan
Published: February 2018

Eccentrically braced frames (EBF) with detachable short links are an efficient solution for buildings in seismic areas owing to their high energy dissipation capacity and ductility and ease of repair in the earthquake aftermath. Past studies revealed that short links can develop shear overstrength (i.e. Vu/Vp, where Vu is the ultimate shear strength and Vp the corresponding plastic resistance) larger than the value recommended in EC8 [1] (i.e. Vu/Vp =1.5). One of the factors causing the higher shear overstrength is the presence of axial restraints that leads to the development of tensile forces in the link at large levels of rotation. Another reason for higher shear overstrength is the composite slab that can resist the shear distortion together with the short link. Within the DUAREM project [2], full scale pseudo-dynamic experimental tests were carried out on 3D EBF allowing thus the investigation of replaceable links considering two arrangements: (i) steel solution – the link was uncoupled from the slab (ii) composite solution – the slab and link are connected. The aim of this paper is to present the results of finite element analyses (FEAs), based on calibrated models and the comparison between the obtained results and the experimental tests performed by [2]. The numerical investigation carried out aims to evaluate the shear overstrength and the level of axial force in the link for both tested configurations.
Preliminary Finite Element Analyses on Seismic Resistant FREE from DAMage Beam to Column Joints under Impact Loading
Authors: D'Antimo Marina , Zimbru Mariana , D'Aniello Mario , Demonceau Jean François , Jaspart Jean Pierre , Landolfo Raffaele
Published: February 2018

Nowadays, the interest on structural robustness is increasing because of the recent terroristic attacks. Although a large number of research projects have been carried out in this field, limited design guidelines as well as code recommendations are nowadays available. Leading to the fact that the design for robustness is far from being current practice. Conversely, the design for natural hazards as the earthquake is a well-consolidated practice and modern codes implement effective and well-recognized design rules. Even though seismic design philosophy based on the concept of hierarchy of resistance enables structural robustness for conventional structural systems, this is not demonstrated for structures equipped with anti-seismic devices as well as innovative dissipative systems. Recently, the use of friction based dissipative joints has been proved to be a promising solution for seismically design steel moment resisting frames. However, the robustness and the resistance against impact loading of this type of joints is not yet investigated. With the aim to develop an experimental campaign based on impact tests, preliminary finite element analyses have been carried out to identify the main criticisms and to drive the rational design of the joint specimens. With this regard, in the present paper, the results of a numerical parametric study on the preliminary push-down test are presented and discussed.
Effect of Special Segment Aspect Ratio on Seismic Performance of Special Truss Moment Frames (STMFs)
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Sahoo Dipti Ranjan
Published: February 2018

Special Truss Moment Frame (STMF), a relatively new type of seismic force resisting system dissipates energy through plastic hinge formation in a well-defined region known as special segment. The aspect ratio of special segment plays an important role during dissipation of energy in terms of moment and rotation developed at the end of special segment. Higher aspect ratio lowers the rotational demand while lower aspect ratio increases the rotational demand at the end of special segment. ANSI/AISC 341 specifies that aspect ratio of any panel shall not exceed 1.5 nor be less than 0.67 in the special segment. This paper presents an investigation on the effect of aspect ratio of special segment during seismic event and explore the possibility of higher aspect ratio. The investigation is carried out using FEMA P695 involving nonlinear static as well as dynamic analyses based on collapse probability. In this paper the variation of aspect ratio is taken as 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 considering 9-story comprised perimeter STMF with five bays having 150 ft. by 150 ft. in plan. For carrying out nonlinear analysis all the archetypes were modelled in a nonlinear analysis software Perform-3D. The evaluation of collapse carried out by performing incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) using scaled ground motion based on total collapse uncertainty as per FEMA P695.
Hysteretic Features of Low Yield Point Steel and its Influence on Shear Plate Damper Behavior
Authors: He Qun , Chen Yi Yi , Wang Wei , Tian Hai
Published: February 2018

The hysteretic features of low yield point steel LYP100 is experimentally studied by using very short coupons under cyclic tension and compression till to the strain amplitude of ±8%. The features of this steel are compared with commonly used low carbon steel and low alloy steel in structural construction. It is shown that with the increase of strain amplitudes under cyclic loading condition the hardening effect is more distinguished in the case of LYP steel than that of the commonly used structural steel. When the shear plate damper is made of LYP steel, its behavior is largely affected by the material hysteretic features.
Comparative Analysis of Dual Steel Frames with Dissipative Metal Shear Panels
Authors: de Matteis Gianfranco , Brando Giuseppe
Published: February 2018

This paper deals with the seismic response of dual steel frames with and without dissipative metal shear panels. The main goal is to define possible design criteria, for the seismic protection of new and existing buildings, accounting for the main behavioral peculiarities of metal shear panels.To this purpose, based on a large number of historical records that are selected in order to match the main interesting frequencies, Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDAs) are carried out on two steel frames. These frames have been first designed in order to satisfy specific performances. Then, they have been improved by imposing stricter design goals that have been complied with the application of dissipative metal shear panels.The obtained outcomes highlight that metal shear panels allow to control properly the collapse mechanisms of the frames. Moreover, they can lead to significant increases of collapse accelerations and to a general reduction of both the permanent and the transient story drifts. The paper concludes with the evaluation of the equivalent q-behaviour factor of both the protected and the un-protected frames. As it could be expected, the most effective shear panels are able to produce stronger increase of behavior factors (up to 150%), due to the larger dissipative capacity of the whole structure.
Experimental and Numerical Studies on Seismic Behavior of Q460 High Strength Steel Reinforced Concrete Column
Authors: Chen Su Wen , Yang Meng , Hou Zhao Xin , Li Guo Qiang , Liu Qing
Published: February 2018

High strength steel reinforced concrete (HSRC) column refers to steel reinforced concrete column using high strength steel with its yield strength over 420MPa. So far, research on seismic behavior of HSRC columns is limited. This paper presents experimental and numerical studies on seismic behavior of HSRC columns. Two Q460 high strength steel reinforced concrete columns have been tested under low cyclic loading with constant axial compression ratio of 0.3. Flexural failure is observed in the test. From the hysteresis curves, the specimens exhibit good ductility and satisfactory energy dissipation capacity. Displacement ductility factors are larger than 2. When load descends to 85% of the peak load, the ultimate drift ratios of two specimens are 1/29 and 1/26 respectively, which meet the requirements of Chinese Seismic Design code (GB 50011). To study the seismic behavior of HSRC columns more comprehensively, a numerical model has been established for simulating the experiment using OpenSees, which adopts nonlinear beam-column element and fiber model. The numerical result fits the test data well, which validates the effectiveness of numerical model. Parametric study is then carried out to further investigate the seismic behavior of HSRC columns.
Bidirectional Behaviour of Unstiffened and Stiffened Direct-Welded Connections for Square CFST Columns
Authors: Tjahjanto Helmy , MacRae Gregory A. , Abu Anthony
Published: February 2018

This paper describes finite element analyses of two-way moment frame beam-column joint subassemblies constructed using steel I-shaped beams connected to square concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) columns. These are direct-welded connections with (i) no stiffeners, (ii) internal horizontal stiffener plates, (iii) vertical tube stiffeners, and (iv) the combination of (ii) and (iii). They were analyzed under one-way and two-way column lateral loading. It is shown that internal stiffeners increase the joint stiffness and strength by up to 80% and 60% respectively. The effect of bidirectional loading on the joint capacity is found to be minor. A design method is developed to predict the required stiffener capacity. The method is applicable for both one-way and two-way loading cases.
Ductility and Behaviour Factor of RC Frame - Perforated SPSW Dual Systems
Authors: Formisano Antonio , Ahmadi Hadi Monsef , Mazzolani Federico M.
Published: February 2018

In this paper the non-linear behaviour of dual seismic-resistant structures made of Reinforced Concrete Frames (RCF) and perforated Steel Plate Shear Walls (SPSWs) has been investigated. The starting point has been the numerical calibration by ABAQUS of an experimental test taken from literature on one-third scale three-storey RCF with infill SPSWs subjected to monotonically increasing horizontal loading. Based on results of the implemented FEM model, three types of perforated SPSWs with different percentages and position of holes have been numerically analysed through static non-linear analyses. On the basis of numerical results achieved, by comparing each other the values of shear strength, behaviour factor and ductility of the tested specimens, it has been observed a significant improvement of the ductile behaviour of the RCF equipped with perforated SPSWs with respect to the one obtained for the RCF provided with traditional solid SPSWs. In addition, the dual systems given by RCF and perforated SPSWs have provided a shear strength reduction of 26%, 46% and 51% in comparison to that of the original RCF - solid SPSW composite system, when holes percentage equal to 13%, 40% and 42% have been considered, respectively. Finally, it has been noticed that behaviour factors of perforated specimens have been increased with increasing adjoining distance among holes.
Flexural Properties of Buckling-Restrained Brace Connections
Authors: Sitler Ben , Takeuchi Toru , Matsui Ryota
Published: February 2018

Buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) achieve large peak and cumulative ductility capacities by restricting yielding to an encased core, while maintaining global stability. However, stability is often governed by the connections and is sensitive to the end fixity provided by the adjacent framing and gusset, and flexural continuity between the neck and restrainer. This paper presents simple analytical methods to determine the flexural properties of these key components. Full-depth gusset stiffeners are found to be highly effective in increasing the out-of-plane rotational stiffness (KRg), equivalent to doubling the thickness. An equivalent connection is proposed to account for the adjacent framing (KRf), but this may be neglected if KRf > 10∙KRg. This is typically satisfied if a diaphragm slab and transverse beam are provided, but may exceed beam torsional bracing requirements. The restrainer end moment transfer capacity is extended to mortar-filled RHS restrainers, confirming that neck insert ratios of Lin/Bn > 2.0 are required for full continuity.
Verification of Clearance and Gap for Fabricating the Buckling-Restrained Brace Using Steel Mortar Planks
Authors: Koyano Kazuhisa , Fujita Masanori , Iwata Mamoru
Published: February 2018

The buckling-restrained brace must be able to provide the designed structural performance in actual use. In other words, the buckling-restrained brace must retain its initial quality in during the fabricating process. In this study, for the purpose of ensuring the initial quality of the buckling-restrained brace using steel mortar planks (BRBSM), quality control values at the time of fabrication are set and conduct verification testing on clearance and gap.
Optimization and Affections of Cathode Feed Angle on Machining Accuracy Error Distribution of Aero-Engine Blade in Electrochemical Machining
Authors: Zhao Zhi Qiang , Ma Zhi Gang , Liu Yue Tao , Wu Xiao Long , Guo Hun
Published: February 2018

Utilizing all-direction electrochemical machining (ECM) for super-thin twist aero-engine, feed angle of tool cathode and blade fixture angle are investigated and optimized in this study. The most optimal combination of the two angles (oblique feed angle of tool cathode and fixture angle of blade stock) is selected from all 65341 angle combinations. Moreover, the affections of the optimized angle combination on machining error distribution between blade shape and plate are concentrated. The analysis and experimental results demonstrate that the optimized angle combination can satisfy the machining requirements of blade shape and error distribution of blade shape and plate.
Study on Honing Mechanism of Gear Surface Using an Internal Honing Wheel Based on Single-Particle Abrasive
Authors: Zhang G.Z. , Han Jiang
Published: February 2018

Based on geometry model of single abrasive particle, comparing abrasive geometries of different materials displayed in SEM images, it is proposed that abrasive geometry is similar to inverted cone with vertex radius in sphere. Based on abrasives with inverted cone geometry, through introducing sliding ratio, mathematical models of cutting force and specific grinding energy of single abrasive have been established to study about cutting force in meshing line of single abrasive; in accordance with specific grinding energy of single abrasive, combined with internal meshing principle, the relationship among specific grinding energy, engagement, and meshing line length l have been studied. Through simulation analysis, it is shown that the unit normal force of single abrasive in whole meshing line gradually increases from tooth top to pitch line and tooth root; the greater the value of l from pitch line to tooth top, the more the specific grinding energy accordingly; however the greater the value of l from pitch line to tooth root, the smaller the specific grinding energy therewith; the greater the engagement, the smaller the specific grinding energy which tends to stable with changing of l.
The Effect of Cutting Force Vibration on Machining Quality for Reaming ZL102 Alloy with PCD Step Reamer
Authors: Wang X.D. , Ge W.L. , Wang Y.G.
Published: February 2018

The characteristics of cutting forces vibration and its effects to the hole quality in reaming aluminum cast alloy using a poly-crystalline diamond (PCD) step reamer in dry and wet conditions were studied. First, centrifugal force vibration model of the PCD step reamer during machining process was established and through the analysis of the model, it can be concluded that the maximum amplitude of the vibration is positively related to the angular velocity of the reamer. Then, thrust force and cutting torque were measured by a Kistler Dynamometer during reaming process and these vibration frequency and amplitude were analyzed by fast Fourier transformation (FFT). Hole quality was evaluated by hole diameter and surface roughness. Results show that, as the spindle speed increases, the stability of thrust force and cutting torque deteriorates gradually, and there was a severe vibration in the cutting force and the surface roughness when the spindle speed reached 10000 rpm in wet and 7000 rpm in dry cutting conditions. Compared the variation of hole surface roughness and vibration characteristic of cutting forces, it can be observed that the trends are very consistent, the surface roughness deteriorates when cutting forces become unstable. Therefore,the cutting forces stability was an important factor that influence the hole quality. Cutting fluid has a positive effect to stabilize the reaming process and was beneficial to improve the hole quality.
Effect of Hydrogen Trapping and Poisons on Diffusion Behavior of Hydrogen in Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Cai Lian , Zhao Li Min
Published: February 2018

Effect of hydrogen trapping and poisons on diffusion behavior of hydrogen in commercial cold-rolled low carbon steel was investigated by means of electrochemical hydrogen permeation techniques. The experimental results reveal that diffusion rate and diffusion flux of hydrogen in the materials gradually increase with increasing the number of hydrogen charging and outgassing, and lag time significantly shortens with them, therefore, hydrogen trapping impede diffusion behavior of hydrogen in the materials. Different poisons in the hydrogen charging solution have also resulted in a certain influence on the assessment of hydrogen diffusion behavior.
Instantaneous Uncut Chip Thickness Model in End Milling Based on an Improved Method
Authors: Zhang Yue , Yu Zhi Qiang , Wang Tai Yong
Published: February 2018

The instantaneous uncut chip thickness is an important parameter in the study of milling force model. By analyzing the real tooth trajectory in milling process, accurate instantaneous uncut chip thickness can be obtained to solve the complex transcendental equation. Traditional chip thickness models always simplify the tooth trajectory to get approximate solution. A new instantaneous uncut chip thickness model is proposed in this paper. Based on real tooth trajectory of general end milling cutter, a Taylor's series is used to approximate the involved infinitesimal variable in the transcendental equation, which results in an explicit expression for practical application of the uncut chip thickness with higher accuracy compared to the traditional model.
The Influences of Surface Roughness on the Water Contact Angle for Coated Substrate with F-DLC
Authors: Wei Xiu Ting , Shi Wei Liang , Li Zhi Yong , Wang Zhi Gang , Wu Xiao Long , Xu Ji
Published: February 2018

Hydrophobicity improvement of DLC can be achieved by adding fluorine element usually. However, higher F content may affect the other performance of DLC seriously, such as strength and abrasive resistance. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technology were employed to prepare F-DLC on the surface of steel (S35C) substrate in condition of 20mass% of F. Experimental results demonstrated that roughness significant increase in the coating substrate has contributed to improve hydrophobicity. In the range of 0~200nm for the roughness, the contact angle is influenced by the surface energy and the surface roughness; Ra>200nm, the influence of roughness on the water contact angle is gradually becoming the leading. And Ra=1300nm, water contact angle is 104°.
Circulating Exosomes with Distinct Properties during Chronic Lung Allograft Rejection
Authors: Gunasekaran Muthukumar , Sharma Monal , Hachem Ramsey , Bremner Ross , Smith Michael A. , Mohanakumar Thalachallour
Published: February 2018

Circulating exosomes containing donor HLA and lung-associated self-antigens (SAg) are thought to play an important role in allograft rejection after human lung transplantation. We characterized exosomes isolated from serum of 10 lung transplant recipients (LTxR) diagnosed with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and compared them with exosomes isolated from serum of 10 stable LTxR. Lung-associated SAg (K-α-1-tubulin [Kα1T] and collagen V [Col-V]), MHC class II molecules, costimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, and CD86, and transcription factors class II MHC trans-activator, NF-κB, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α, IL-1R–associated kinase 1, MyD88, and 20S proteasome were detected in exosomes from BOS, but not stable LTxR. In contrast, adhesion molecules were present in both groups. C57BL/6 mice immunized with exosomes from BOS but not stable LTxR demonstrated Ab to SAg (Col-V, 33.5 ± 15.7 versus 10.4 ± 6.4, p = 0.021; Kα1T, 925 ± 403 versus 317 ± 285, p = 0.044) and HLA (mean fluorescence intensity: BOS, 8450; stable, 632; p < 0.05). Furthermore, splenic lymphocytes demonstrated increased frequency of lung SAg-specific IL-17 (Col-V, 128 ± 46 versus 31 ± 21, p = 0.013; Kα1T, 194 ± 47 versus 67 ± 43, p = 0.014) and IFN-γ (Col-V, 165 ± 79 versus 38 ± 40, p = 0.042; Kα1T, 232 ± 64 versus 118 ± 39, p = 0.012). Reduced levels of IL-10–producing cells were seen in BOS exosome immunized mice compared with mice immunized with stable exosomes (Col-V, 59 ± 23 versus 211 ± 85, p = 0.016; Kα1T, 78 ± 49 versus 295 ± 104, p = 0.017). Owing to the unique immune-stimulating properties of exosomes induced during rejection, we propose that they play an important role in eliciting both alloantigen- and SAg-specific immunity, leading to chronic rejection after lung transplantation.
Miscellaneous note
Authors: Authors Various
Published: February 2018

SURVEY OF EXOTIC WOODY PLANT INVADERS O F THE TRANSVAAL — ADDENDUM
HYACINTHACEAE
Authors: Manning J. C. , Goldblatt P.
Published: February 2018

A NEW SPECIES AND NEW COMBINATIONS IN DRIMIA (URGINEOIDEAE)
LAMIACEAE
Authors: Van Jaarsveld E. J.
Published: February 2018

THE CORRECT NAME FOR SALVIA THERMARA
Refractive status primary school school children in Mopani district, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Mabaso R. G. , Oduntan A. O.
Published: February 2018

This article reports part of the findings of a study carried out to determine the causes, prevalence, and distribution of ocular dis-orders among rural primary school children in Mopani district of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Three hundred and eighty eight children aged 8 to 15 years were randomly selected from five randomly selected schools. Non-cycloplegic retinoscopy and auto-refrac-tion were performed on each child. The preva-lence of hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism was 73.1%, 2.5% and 31.3% respectively. Hyperopia (Nearest spherical equivalent power (FNSE) ranged from +0.75 to +3.50 D for the right and left eyes with means of +1.05 ± 0.35 D and +1.08 ± 0.34 D respectively.Myopia (FNSE) ranged from –0.50 to –1.75 D for the right eye and –0.50 to –2.25 D for the left eye with means of –0.75 ± 0.55 D and –0.93 ± 0.55 D respectively. Regression model for myopia, shows that age had an odds ratio  of 1.94 (1.15 to 3.26), indicating a significant increased risk of myopia with increasing age. Correcting cylinders for the right eyes ranged from –0.25 to –4.50 D (mean = −0.67 ± 0.47 D) and for the left eyes from –0.25 to –2.50 D (mean = −0.60 ± 0.30 D). With-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism (66.5%) was more common, followed by against-the-rule (ATR)astigmatism (28.1%) and oblique (OBL) astigmatism (5.4%). With-the-rule astigmatism was more common in females than males; ATR astigmatism and OBL astigmatism werecommon in males. Regular vision screening programmes, appropriate referral and vision correction in primary schools in Mopani district are recommended in order to eliminate refractive errors among the children.
Binocular and Paediatric Vision Association – Congress 11 - 13 May 2 0 0 7
Authors: Joubert Leoni
Published: February 2018

No abstract available
Die hermeneuse van die Skrif met die oog op hedendaagse kerklik-etiese vraagstukke
Authors: Coetzee J. C. , De Klerk B. J. , Floor L.
Published: February 2018

Daar is basiese reëls wat vir alle verklaring van boeke geld. Maar die eie aard en karakter van die Bybel bring ook hiermee dat sy verklaring ’n eie aard sal hê. Wat ’n mens van ’n bron dink, bepaal hoe jy met die bron omgaan. Geen eksegeet is onbevooroordeeld nie. ’n Mens se Skrifbeskouing bepaal ten diepste ook jou wyse van Skrifverklaring. Wie in die Bybel ’n gewoon menslike boek sien, sal dit met gewoon menslike hulpmiddels probeer verklaar.
An overview of key datasets in education in South Africa
Authors: Van Wyk Chris
Published: February 2018

This paper provides an overview of the various datasets pertaining to education in South Africa that are informing or could inform policy making in education. The paper serves as an inventory for anyone interested in understanding what data is available, how it may be accessed, what the quality of the data is and in what formats it may be accessed. The paper is divided into three parts. The first part provides a description of existing education datasets and the basic data elements contained in each of these datasets. When discussing each of the existing education datasets, the paper addresses the quality of the education data available in South Africa. The first part also refers to the policy implications and the important role that data plays in policy-formulation. No information system on its own is comprehensive enough to provide all the information needed in strategic decision-making. Hence, part two of this paper discusses the need for data integration as an important data management strategy. The third part examines the effectiveness of implementing a learner unit record system nationally in comparison with the EMIS system that is currently in place and that is based on aggregate or summary institution–level data.
Unperforated Pairs of Operator Spaces and Hyperrigidity of Operator Systems
Authors: Clouâtre Raphaël
Published: February 2018

We study restriction and extension properties for states on C*-algebras with an eye towards hyperrigidity of operator systems. We use these ideas to provide supporting evidence for Arveson’s hyperrigidity conjecture. Prompted by various characterizations of hyperrigidity in terms of states, we examine unperforated pairs of self-adjoint subspaces in a C*-algebra. The configuration of the subspaces forming an unperforated pair is in some sense compatible with the order structure of the ambient C*-algebra. We prove that commuting pairs are unperforated and obtain consequences for hyperrigidity. Finally, by exploiting recent advances in the tensor theory of operator systems, we show how the weak expectation property can serve as a flexible relaxation of the notion of unperforated pairs.
Het jaar 2016 verslagen: onderzoek jaarverslagen
Authors: Vergoossen Ruud
Published: February 2018

Voor u ligt Het jaar 2016 verslagen: onderzoek jaarverslagen, waarin verslag wordt gedaan van empirisch onderzoek naar de praktijk van de jaarverslaggeving. Het is de tweeëntwintigste uitgave van de reeks Het jaar xxxx verslagen. De onderwerpen in Het jaar 2016 verslagen zijn wederom gekozen op grond van hun actualiteit. De auteurs zijn echter vrij geweest om aan de uitwerking een eigen invulling te geven, waardoor zij hun stempel op de artikelen hebben gedrukt.
Changes in tropical cyclones under stabilized 1.5 and 2.0 °C global warming scenarios as simulated by the Community Atmospheric Model under the HAPPI protocols
Authors: Wehner Michael F. , Reed Kevin A. , Loring Burlen , Stone Dáithí , Krishnan Harinarayan
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) invited the scientific community to explore the impacts of a world in which anthropogenic global warming is stabilized at only 1.5 °C above preindustrial average temperatures. We present a projection of future tropical cyclone statistics for both 1.5 and 2.0 °C stabilized warming scenarios with direct numerical simulation using a high-resolution global climate model. As in similar projections at higher warming levels, we find that even at these low warming levels the most intense tropical cyclones become more frequent and more intense, while simultaneously the frequency of weaker tropical storms is decreased. We also conclude that in the 1.5 °C stabilization, the effect of aerosol forcing changes complicates the interpretation of greenhouse gas forcing changes.
Eggs for breakfast? Analysis of a probable mosasaur biting trace on the Cretaceous echinoid Echinocorys ovata Leske, 1778
Authors: Neumann Christian , Hampe Oliver
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Fossil biting traces (praedichnia) represent indirect evidence of predation and shed light on fossil predator–prey interactions and fossil food webs. Especially from echinoderm skeletons, biting traces are well known. Here, we describe the oral surface of a large Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) holasteroid echinoid Echinocorys ovata Leske, 1778 from Hemmoor (northern Germany) which exhibits four circular punctures arranged in a semi-circular arc. Whereas three of the punctures penetrated the skeleton, one puncture only just hit the margin of the echinoid test at the ambitus, leaving a long incision furrow in the skeleton. The punctures were not lethal to the sea urchin as is indicated by progressed skeletal regeneration and closure of the fractures. The overall appearance of the punctures suggests that they were produced during a single mechanical event, most likely by the biting action of the teeth of a large vertebrate animal. We analysed the shape and arrangement of the biting trace and conclude that it was probably produced by a marine reptile possessing a prognath tooth position, most likely by a globidensine mosasauroid. Our finding not only sheds light on mosasaur feeding behaviour and prey selection but also increases the knowledge of the food webs in the chalk sea ecosystem during the uppermost Cretaceous.
Effect of winds and waves on salt intrusion in the Pearl River estuary
Authors: Gong Wenping , Lin Zhongyuan , Chen Yunzhen , Chen Zhaoyun , Zhang Heng
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Salt intrusion in the Pearl River estuary (PRE) is a dynamic process that is
influenced by a range of factors and to date, few studies have examined the
effects of winds and waves on salt intrusion in the PRE. We investigate these
effects using the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment
Transport (COAWST) modeling system applied to the PRE. After careful
validation, the model is used for a series of diagnostic simulations. It is
revealed that the local wind considerably strengthens the salt intrusion by
lowering the water level in the eastern part of the estuary and increasing
the bottom landward flow. The remote wind increases the water mixing on the
continental shelf, elevates the water level on the shelf and in the PRE and
pumps saltier shelf water into the estuary by Ekman transport. Enhancement of
the salt intrusion is comparable between the remote and local winds. Waves
decrease the salt intrusion by increasing the water mixing. Sensitivity
analysis shows that the axial down-estuary wind, is most efficient in driving
increases in salt intrusion via wind straining effect.
Calving relation for tidewater glaciers based on detailed stress field analysis
Authors: Mercenier Rémy , Lüthi Martin P. , Vieli Andreas
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Ocean-terminating glaciers in Arctic regions have undergone rapid
dynamic changes in recent years, which have been related to a dramatic
increase in calving rates. Iceberg calving is a dynamical process
strongly influenced by the geometry at the terminus of tidewater
glaciers. We investigate the effect of varying water level, calving
front slope and basal sliding on the state of stress and flow regime
for an idealized grounded ocean-terminating glacier and scale these
results with ice thickness and velocity. Results show that water depth
and calving front slope strongly affect the stress state while the
effect from spatially uniform variations in basal sliding is much
smaller. An increased relative water level or a reclining calving
front slope strongly decrease the stresses and velocities in the
vicinity of the terminus and hence have a stabilizing effect on the
calving front. We find that surface stress magnitude and distribution
for simple geometries are determined solely by the water depth
relative to ice thickness. Based on this scaled relationship for the
stress peak at the surface, and assuming a critical stress for damage
initiation, we propose a simple and new parametrization for calving
rates for grounded tidewater glaciers that is calibrated with
observations.
Ius Gentium e Direito Internacional: identificação ou sobreposição?
Authors: Dal Ri Luciene , Demarchi Clóvis
Published: February 2018

Ius Gentium e Direito Internacional: identificação ou sobreposição?

Resumo: Neste artigo questiona-se a identificação do conceito romano de ius gentium com aquele de direito internacional moderno. Para responder o questionamento, busca-se identificar as características do ius que regulava as relações de Roma com outros povos e reis e as situações jurídicas que envolviam os estrangeiros. Observou-se que a aplicação do conceito moderno de direito internacional à antiguidade romana gera a mutilação da realidade histórica e dificulta a compreensão do seu universalismo, em suas especificidades culturais. Este artigo contribui para desconstruir a identificação do ius gentium romano com o conceito de direito internacional moderno.

Palavras-chave: Direito romano. Ius gentium. Ius fetiale. Direito internacional.

Ius Gentium and International Law: Identification or Overlay?

Abstract: In this article the identification of the Roman concept of ius gentium with that of modern international law is questioned. To answer this question, this paper seeks to identify the characteristics of the ius that regulated the relations of Rome with other peoples and kings and the legal situations that involved the foreigners. It was observed that the application of the modern concept of international law to Roman antiquity generates the mutilation of historical reality and makes it difficult to understand its universalism in its cultural specificities. This article contributes to deconstruct the identification of the Roman ius gentium with the concept of modern international law.

Keywords: Roman Law. Ius gentium. Ius fetiale. Internacional Law.
Competencias investigativas en procesos de formación docente: una experiencia de investigación acción a través del funcionamiento de redes locales de investigación en la formación inicial y continua
Authors: Díaz Quintero Dora Suyapa
Published: February 2018

El artículo analiza los resultados de la investigación realizada en los año 2011-2012, entre los subsistemas de formación docente, inicial y permanente, de las escuelas formadoras de docentes, en nueve departamentos de Honduras.

La muestra estuvo conformada por docentes pertenecientes a redes de investigación acción; docentes que imparten la asignatura de investigación educativa en las escuelas formadoras, enlaces de las unidades de investigación, directores y estudiantes. Dentro del estudio de corte cualitativo, participaron técnicos del Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Capacitación Educativa, (INICE), quienes se auxiliaron de técnicas de grupos colaborativos, observaciones, revisión documental y entrevistas semi-estructuradas para la recolección de datos.

Los resultados muestran una visión panorámica entre el currículo “prescrito” como al que se “implementa” en las aulas y finalmente, en relación con el currículo “logrado”. Se muestra, que las competencias investigativas no están fundamentadas como categorías emergentes en la práctica pedagógica de manera holística, en el sentido de tener relación interdisciplinar. Aun cuando la formación del docente ha sufrido cambios sustanciales en función de la necesidad de elevar cada vez más la calidad de la práctica pedagógica, percibiéndose desafíos y oportunidades en el sistema de formación docente, la experiencia de docentes organizados en redes de investigación acción, demostró un fortalecimiento en las habilidades de trabajo en equipo, reflexión de la practica pedagógica, liderazgo con los padres de familia del contexto escolar y habilidades de liderazgo institucional.

Conocimiento Educactivo, Vol. 1, 2014: 53-82
Conocimiento docente sobre evaluación de los aprendizajes y su aplicación en la práctica de evaluación en los centros escolares públicos de Educación Básica en la Zona Oriental
Authors: Hernández de Guevara Isabel
Published: February 2018

El estudio realizado por la Universidad de Oriente, a través del convenio con el MINED (Ministerio de Educación), tuvo como objetivo determinar si el conocimiento que tiene el docente sobre evaluación de los aprendizajes, influye en las prácticas de esta naturaleza que él realiza. La metodología utilizada para recabar la información fue de tipo cuantitativa, descriptiva y correlacional.

Los resultados confirmaron que la funcionalidad y los agentes de la evaluación; así como la evaluación por competencias, influyen y promueven la aplicación de esta en los centros escolares públicos. Por ello, el proceso pedagógico no se puede concebir sin la evaluación del aprendizaje. Si se imparte un contenido, la forma más efectiva de saber cómo ha llegado el conocimiento a los estudiantes es a través de la evaluación, en cualquiera de sus formas posibles, (exámenes tradicionales, pruebas objetivas u otros).

Conocimiento Educactivo, Vol. 2, 2015: 95-102
Effective Participation and Motivation: An Investigation on Secondary School Students
Authors: Tasgin Adnan , Tunc Yunus
Published: February 2018

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the secondary school students’ level of effectiveparticipation and their motivation. This study employs a survey consisting of 251 secondary school students from theschools located in Iğdır and Erzurum, in East of Turkey. The data of the study were gathered through "EffectiveParticipation Scale" and "Intrinsic-Extrinsic Motivation Scale". The analysis of the obtained data showed that femalesecondary school students are academically more engaged than the male students and male secondary schoolstudents are more disaffected than the female students. It has been found that students engage in English and Turkishlessons more than Mathematics and they are disaffected with Mathematics at most. It has been determined thatacademically engaged students’ intrinsic motivations increase in the positive direction while that of the disaffectedstudents’ decrease as the class levels increase.
Linguistic Taboos: A Case Study on Australian Lebanese Speakers
Authors: Abi–Esber Fouad , Yang Ping , Muranaka Hiromi , Moustakim Mohamed
Published: February 2018

This study aims to investigate how Lebanese Arabic speakers living in Australia utilise their linguistic taboos, with the purpose of comprehending their cross-cultural adaptation in the Australian context. The specific research focal point of this study includes how and why Lebanese Arabic speakers of different age range use linguistic taboo words. A total of 56 Lebanese students were deemed to satisfy the participation criteria. A research tool, NVIVO 10 software, was used to analyse the questionnaires and interviews and to help sort major themes, as identified above, for critical discussion. The results show that the older participants tend to use a specially designed euphemistic form of linguistic taboo whereas the younger participants’ use of linguistic taboo is much influenced by some factors such as peer pressures and video games, and they do not always use more taboo words than older participants as reported in previous research. The results indicate the complicated and dynamic sociolinguistic context of the Lebanese community regarding the use of linguistic taboo in Australia. Additionally, it provides insights into how Lebanese speakers manage linguistic taboos successfully in social interactions using their cross-linguistic skills and cross-cultural knowledge.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Culture and History, Vol. 10, No. 1
Authors: Bai Joseph
Published: February 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Culture and History, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2018
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environment and Natural Resources Research, Vol. 8, No. 1
Authors: Lin Emily
Published: February 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environment and Natural Resources Research, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2018
Capital Structure Determinants in Family Firms: An Empirical Analysis in Context of Crisis
Authors: Migliori Stefania , Maturo Fabrizio , Paolone Francesco
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the capital structure of family firms in a context of crisis. Specifically, it aims to discover whether and how the determinants of their capital structure have a different impact on firms’ leverage before and during the recent global financial crisis. Considering the pecking order theory (POT), trade-off theory (TOT), and agency theory (AT), this study analyzes 1,502 Italian medium family firms comparing the pre-crisis (2005-2007) and crisis (2008-2010) periods. This research shows that that current liquidity, asset structure, and agency costs are the most important variables in influencing medium family firms' leverage, in both the pre-crisis and crisis periods. Moreover, during the crisis, agency costs increase and have a negative influence on the short-term leverage highlighting that crisis contingencies influence the agency-based effects on family firm's leverage. Furthermore, our findings highlight that a more exhaustive understanding of family firms’ capital structure can be achieved through the combined use of different theories.
A Revolutionizing Supply-Chain Management
Authors: Damak Donia
Published: February 2018

Electronic commerce (EC) is possibly the most promising application of information technology witnessed in recent years. It is revolutionizing supply-chain management and has enormous potential for manufacturing, retail and service operations. E-commerce markets are growing at noticeable rates. The online market is expected to grow by 56% in 2015–2020. This paper shows the importance of E-commerce and deﬁne it and examines its major elements that link organizational systems. The application of EC in manufacturing, retailing and service operations is examined, and a framework for describing EC components and their role in diﬀerent areas of an organization is proposed. The first part of the paper discusses challenges and new trends in supply chain business intelligence and provides background research of big data initiatives related to EC. The rest of this paper is from a discussion of the e-commerce impact on supply chain management and the advantages of supply chain management of e-commerce platform. The trend of e-commerce platform is proposed based on the development supply chain management. What will be the effect of the Internet on supply chain? What is the relationship between e-commerce and supply chain management?
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Marketing Studies, Vol. 10, No. 1
Authors: Sun Alyssa
Published: February 2018

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Marketing Studies, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2018.