bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different dimensions of wellness in drug addiction treatment
Authors: Delic M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

According to the World Health Organisation goals of treatment of drug addiction are: reducing of drug use and craving, improving of health, well-being and social functioning of the affected individual, prevention of future harms by decreasing the risk of complications and relapse. Wellness means a sense of overall well-being incorporating numerous aspects of an individual’s life. These include physical, mental, emotional, intellectual, occupational, and spiritual aspects. For those who suffer from mental and substance use disorders, wellness means feeling a sense of purpose in life, being actively involved in work or play that is satisfying, finding happiness, having joyful relationships, and having a healthy body and living environment. .

Objectives

We will present different dimensions of wellness and describe how to incorporate these dimensions into drug addiction treatment.

Methods

Presentation of theoretical frame and description of treatment programme at the Center for Treatment of Drug Addiction Ljubljana.

Results

When each of wellness dimensions is balanced, it is easier to maintain recovery process and avoid the triggers of relapse.

Conclusions

In the context of wellness, treatment goal is to maximize the capacity of person to feel, think and act in ways that enhance his/her ability to enjoy life and deal with the challenges he/she face. Wellness lifestyle includes a balance of health habits such as adequate sleep and rest, productivity, exercise, participation in meaningful activity, nutrition, productivity, social contact, and supportive relationships.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Pattern of Tobacco Use among Children and Adolescents with comorbid Psychiatric Illnesses
Authors: Afridi I.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Tobacco use is clearly harmful for mental as well as physical health especially among persons <18 yeards age. It is used in multiple forms in many countries such as, somoling chewing etc. It is impotant to know the pattern of tobacco use and the comorbid psychiatric illnesses inthis age group.

Objectives

To identify the pattern of tobacco use among cases <18 years age with various psychiatric disorders.

Methods

It was a cross-sectional study conducted at a psychiatric clinic at Karachi, on all consecutive cases <18 years. Diagnostic criteria of ICD-10 were used.

Results

A total number of 700 consecutive cases below the age of 18 years reporting to psychiatric clinic were inducted in this study. Out of them 107 (15%) patients reported use of tobacco. Among them 83 (77% ) used pan with tobacco. The psychiatric illnesses identified were depressive disorder (39%) & conversion disorder (15%).

Conclusions

Tobacco use (predominantly in the form of chewing), is common amongst children and adolescents reporting for psychiatric consultation. It is important to develop strategies at a community level with legal restriction/implementation selling tobacco to children. Moreover, psychiatric evaluation should be done in all children and adolescents identified as using tobacco, and the term “smoking cessation clinic” should be replaced with “tobacco cessation clinic/ services”.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Cannabis use and violent behavior
Authors: Roque Gonçalves M. , Elias De Sousa A. , Machado A.S. , Silva A. , Vieira-Coelho M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Cannabis is the most commonly used psychoactive drug, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Accordingly, to the European Drug Report 2021, the prevalence of cannabis use is about five times that of other substances, so that last year cannabis use among EU inhabitants aged 15 to 24y is estimated at 19.2 %. Even though most human research has concluded that Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), tends to dampen rather than provoke aggression in acute doses, recent evidence suggests a relationship between cannabis usage and violent behavior, especially when associated with neurodevelopment stages.

Objectives

To review the existing evidence on the association between cannabis and violence in young adults and provide an overview of possible mechanisms explaining this relation.

Methods

Literature review was based on PubMed/ MEDLINE, using key words inclusive for violence, cannabis and adolescence. Studies included focused the young-adults population and considered the relation between cannabis use and behaviors reported as acts of physical violence. Studies were excluded if they included self-harm behaviors.

Results

Recent studies, including case-reports, showed a global moderate association between cannabis use and violence. Preliminary data has even highlighted a potential larger effect in more frequent users. Also, the cannabis role in the central nervous system (CNS), with most expression in the limbic cortices, and especially as it participates in a variety of brain function modulations - including executive functions, inhibition/impulsivity, and emotional control, has been pointed as one of the main arguments for this relation.

Conclusions

Further studies may shed light on the effects of cannabis use on behavior.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Self-Immolation in the Arab World: A Systematic Review
Authors: El Hayek S. , Cherro M. , El Harake N. , Ghossoub E.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Self-immolation is the centuries-old act of setting fire to oneself. Recent spikes in self-immolation events have been noticed in the Arab world, specifically in the aftermath of the Arab Spring in 2011.

Objectives

To examine the literature assessing the characteristics and patterns of suicide by self-immolation in the Arab world.

Methods

We registered our systematic review in Prospero [CRD42020207164]. We searched PubMed, Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, and Scopus databases from inception until 6 September 2021. We collected relevant articles via title and abstract screening followed by full-text screening. We then conducted a narrative synthesis of the results.

Results

We found 31 out of 314 articles that fit our inclusion criteria: 4 qualitative and 27 quantitative cross-sectional studies. The quantitative studies had a sample size ranging from 22 to 600 self-inflicted burn victims. The studies emanated from Iraq (n=16), Tunisia (n=6), Saudi Arabia (n=2), Libya (n=2), Jordan (n=2), and Egypt, Palestine and Bahrain collectively (n=3). Studies showed that self-immolators are commonly married females, age ranging between 13 and 66 years old, having no education or solely primary education, and of low socioeconomic status. Self-immolation was more likely to happen at home, usually following marital conflicts, with the primary motive being suicide. Studies highlighted an increase of self-immolation as a form of protest. Kerosene was the most commonly used accelerant. Depression was the most comorbid mental health diagnosis.

Conclusions

Self-immolation is not uncommon in the Arab world. Specific interventions directed at the population at risk are warranted.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Sequences for reporting on mild and serious types of suicidal behaviours: A population-based study in Latvia in 2010-2018
Authors: Mieze K. , Kivite-Urtane A. , Grinberga D. , Velika B. , Pudule I. , Rancans E.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Latvia is listed as a country with one of the highest suicide mortality rates in European Union (National Statistical System of Latvia, 2021).

Objectives

To assess the sequences for reporting of suicidal behaviours (SB) in Latvian general population.

Methods

The study is based on secondary data of the Health Behaviour Among Latvian Adult Population survey, provided by the Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia (representative sample of the Latvian population aged 15-64 in 2010, 2012, 2014; 15-74 in 2016, 2018; (n=16,105). Respondents were asked to report the occurrence of life-weariness (LW), death wishes (DW), suicidal ideation (SI), suicidal plans (SP), suicide attempts (SA) during the previous year.

Results

Statistically significant differences between genders were found for LW (Χ²=17.118; df=1; p<0.001; AR=±4.1), DW (Χ²=17.764; df=1; p<0.001; AR=±3.8) and any type of SB (Χ²=15.721; df=1; p<0.001; AR=±3.8). Frequencies of individual sequences of reporting last year SB are presented in Table.Sequences for reporting on SB in 2010-2018N%ContiniousLW88535.3LW+DW74629.7LW+DW+SI25510.2LW+DW+SI+SP30012.0LW+DW+SI+SP+SA512.0Continious not completeDW1465.8DW+SI130.5Non-continiousLW+DW+SI+SA00.0LW+DW+SP130.5LW+SI441.8LW+SI+SP70.3LW+SI+SP+SA10.0LW+SP80.3DW+SI+SA00.0DW+SP00.0SI160.6SI+SA00.0SI+SP30.1SP130.5Other90.4Total2510100

Conclusions

Further research is warranted to identify vulnerable groups in the Latvian general population in relation to suicidality and thus to develop targeted preventive measures.

Disclosure

This work has been developed with financing from the European Social Fund and Latvian state budget within the project no. 8.2.2.0/20/I/004 “Support for involving doctoral students in scientific research and studies at Rīga Stradiņš University.
Sudden Death of Mental Health Service Users During a Pandemic; a follow up study of consecutive unexpected deaths during the current pandemic compared to a previous consecutive cohort of persons who took their own lives
Authors: Haley C. , Mcdaid R.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The Covid pandemic has mental health consequences. This study examined service user suicides for thirteen months during the pandemic and “lock down” restrictions in Ireland .It compares variables from this group with a previous 2016 study examining service user suicides conducted in Ireland. Despite a previous trend of improving suicide there was an increase in people who were involved with mental health services completing suicide during the pandemic.

Objectives

To hypothesize that social disequilibrium caused by the Covid pandemic and its control measures may remove the benefit of protective factors in suicide.

Methods

The 2016 study used the Suicide Support and Information System- Psychological Autopsy Model as its methodology.The Rosenberg criteria were used to make a determination of suicide. This 2021 study used an anonymous clinical record review to repeat some key variables identified in the SSIS-PAM work. Statiscal comparisons were made.

Results

The pandemic group had a different pattern of suicide with low levels of significance between four variables. The majority were female, in a relationship, had jobs, no history of self-harm, no family history of mental illness, less addiction problems and in-patient care. Like the 2016 group they did have diagnoses of mental illness, were in regular contact with services and were prescribed medication. Their suicides were predominantly hanging and drowning.

Conclusions

During the pandemic suicide increased. Protective factors such as relationships and employment were increased in pandemic suicides who also had less vulnerability factors such as addiction problems and self-harm. “Real time” suicide data collection such as a suicide observatory model might identify more significant trends.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Psicosis and suicide risk: who, when and why
Authors: Gonçalves Cerejeira J. , Santos Carrasco I. , De Andrés Lobo C. , Vallecillo Adame C. , Jiménez Aparicio T. , Guerra Valera G. , Queipo De Llano De La Viuda M. , Gonzaga Ramírez A. , Martin-Santiago O.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Suicide rates in people diagnosed with a psychotic disorder can be up to 50 times higher than in the general population, with the lethality of attempts being significantly higher in this group, compared to people diagnosed with other psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, it is known that being male is associated with more serious suicide attempts and higher rates of completed suicides.

Objectives

To reflect on the increased risk of suicide associated with psychotic disorders.

Methods

Case report and literature review.

Results

Case report 40-year-old male, recently diagnosed with Schizophreniform Disorder and currently with persistent positive symptoms. He was admitted to our psychiatric hospitalization unit due to a voluntary overdose of almost 100 tablets (antihypertensives, antiarrhythmics, and benzodiazepines) and alcohol. He admits taking the pills with the aim of committing suicide. Literature review: - Around 10% of people diagnosed with schizophrenia commit suicide. - In young patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, suicide is the leading cause of death. - Between 15 and 65% of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia have depressive symptoms such as hopelessness. - Depressive symptoms in these patients seem to be directly proportionally with awareness of the disease (stigma, awareness of its severity and a sudden decrease in quality of life and social integration). - The risk of suicide increases especially in the first 10 years of the disease.

Conclusions

Psychosis is an important risk factor of suicide and active preventive measures should be carried out in these patients.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Suicide in the medical community
Authors: Gonzaga A. , Medina Ojeda G. , Jiménez Aparicio T. , Queipo De Llano De La Viuda M. , Guerra Valera G.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Like in the general population, in the medical community the most common mental disorders reported are depression and anxiety. Suicide risk was increased, especially in medical-related professions.

Objectives

To evaluate male and female psysician suicide risk.

Methods

Review all studies involving suicides, suicide attempts or suicidal ideation in health-care workers published in the last five years.

Results

Suicide decreased over time, especially in Europe. Some specialties might be at higher risk such as psychiatrists, general surgeons and anesthesiologists.

Conclusions

Psysicians are an at-risk profession of suicide, with women particularly at risk.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Telesimulation for medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: experiences and student and faculty evaluation from a UK medical school
Authors: Leung H.T.T. , Whall J. , Bruce H. , Ajaz A. , Korszun A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

During the COVID-19 pandemic, telesimulation became particularly important to continue the education of medical students during disrupted clerkships while maintaining social distancing.

Objectives

To describe our experiences of adapting to telesimulation and evaluate this from student and faculty perspectives.

Methods

The intervention was evaluated using anonymous surveys consisting of statements rated on a five-point Likert scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree and open-ended questions asking students and facilitators what went well, what they would change and why, and for any other comments.

Results

Adaptations addressed the logistics of online delivery and the structure and content of scenarios. Logistical considerations included central organization of sessions to relieve pressures on clinicians. Pre-session case discussions were introduced to maximise time with simulated patients and give students space to socialise. Content was modified to ensure functionality online and reflect the context of the pandemic. A total of 278 students and 24 facilitators participated in the telesimulation sessions. 98.1% of students (N=109) rated the sessions as very good or good. Students benefited from practicing skills, especially clinical situations which they would rarely encounter as students, and receiving feedback. Facilitators (N=6) felt that students learnt both skills for online consultations and skills that can be transferred to face-to-face situations, but were ambivalent on whether students would benefit more from face-to-face sessions.

Conclusions

Telesimulation is a safe and effective option that offers additional opportunities for students to develop telemedicine skills. Going forward, telesimulation should complement face-to-face delivery to develop future clinicians who are proficient in both remote and face-to-face working.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
An Evaluation of Mental Health Professionals’ Confidence in Performing Perinatal Assessments & The Need for the Development of an Assessment Tool
Authors: Delvi A. , Blake L. , Lapraik A. , Lewis G.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Clinicians often do not have experience assessing perinatal patients unless they work as part of a perinatal team. Informal feedback points to a lack of confidence in performing perinatal assessments.

Objectives

The aim of the project was to assess clinicians’ confidence in performing perinatal assessments in outpatient and inpatient settings including the Emergency Department. Additionally, we wanted to assess whether access to a perinatal assessment tool was beneficial. We hypothesise that clinicians lack confidence in performing perinatal assessments and would benefit from using a perinatal assessment tool.

Methods

We designed a survey of 10 questions assessing the above. The survey was sent out to psychiatric trainees and nurses at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. The participant’s confidence in completing perinatal assessments in various settings was assessed using a 5 point Likert scale.

Results

52 responses were received. 50% of participants felt not so confident in performing perinatal assessments in the outpatient setting. 40.38%(n=21) of participants felt not so confident in exploring the mother and foetal relationship. 71.15% (n=37) of participants felt that they would benefit from additional teaching with 48.1% of participants citing that they would benefit from access to an assessment tool.

Conclusions

As predicted, the results of the survey show that clinicians lack confidence in performing perinatal assessments. Therefore, we have commenced work on modifying the existing Stafford Interview. This is a structured interview that explores the obstetric and psycho-social background and psychiatric complications of pregnancy. The survey is due to be replicated in other project locations to allow transcultural comparison.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Representations of reproductive difficulties in women participating in support groups
Authors: Bityutskaya E. , Vorontsova E. , Lebedeva N.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Women with reproductive difficulties often feel stigmatized and isolated. Information concerning their specific experience can help plan psychosocial interventions.

Objectives

The study aims to analyze reproductive difficulties representations in women with different coping orientations.

Methods

Participants: 48 women (aged 24-43) from support groups arranged by the “You Are Not Alone” non-profit organization for women with reproductive issues. Based on the questionnaire “Types of Orientations in Difficult Situation”, participants were divided into three groups: approach coping (N=16), avoidance coping (N=9), ambivalent coping (N=23). Content analysis was conducted based on stories about reproduction difficulties experiences.

Results

Table 1
Groups
Categories
Approach coping
Ambivalent copingAvoidance coping1.EmotionsNegative emotions31%43%Hope31%Mobilization to solve the problem48%Severe emotional state9%67%No emotion38%33%2.GoalsBirth of a child81%61%44%Acceptance/inner harmony13%26%Understanding the cause of difficulties7%13%Maintaining the integrity of the body56%3.Worst-case scenarioNo child56%70%33%Illness/depression/insanity13%44%Own death13%4%22%Denial of the possibility of the worst-case scenario19%9%4.Best-case scenarioHaving a child100%91%67%Accepting infertility6%Improving own health33%Objective indicator: perinatal losses6%27%14%

Conclusions

We identified three types of representation of reproductive difficulties in women: approaching the goal of having a child; avoidance (fear of own death/illness/insanity or not having a child); ambivalent coping (alternating approach/avoidance). Funding: The study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-013-00838.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Structural gender inequalities and symptoms of postpartum depression in 40 countries
Authors: Martinez Diaz P.A. , Nazif-Munoz J. , Magaña I. , Rojas G.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The extent to which structural gender inequality contributes to macro-level differences in postpartum depression (PPD) remains largely unknown.

Objectives

To examine the association of structural gender inequalities with national-level prevalence estimates of PPD symptoms.

Methods

Meta-analytically derived national-level estimates for the prevalence of PPD symptoms – based on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) – were combined with economic (e.g., income inequality), health (e.g., infant mortality rate), sociodemographic (e.g., urban population), and structural gender inequality variables (e.g., abortion policies) for 40 countries (276 primary studies). Data came from a prior meta-analysis on PPD prevalence and international agencies (e.g., UNICEF). Meta-regression techniques and traditional p-value based stepwise procedures, complemented with a Bayesian model averaging approach, were used for a robust selection of variables associated with national-level PPD symptom prevalence. Sensitivity analyses excluded primary studies with small sample sizes or countries lacking evidence for psychometric properties of the EPDS.

Results

Income inequality (β = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.07) and abortion policies (β = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.00 to 0.03) were the only variables included in the final, adjusted model, accounting for 60.7% of the variance in PPD symptoms across countries. Gradual liberalizations of abortion policies were associated with a 2% decrease in national-level PPD symptom prevalence. Results were robust to sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions

Structural gender inequalities might be social determinants of PPD, as the liberalization of abortion policies seem to impact women’s perinatal mental health on a population level. More research on structural gender inequality is needed to guide policy and practice.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Empathy and aggressive behavior from teenagers in educative institutions in Monteria, Colombia
Authors: Ruiz Gonzalez E.P. , Delgado Sanchez F. , Muñoz Argel M. , Grasso Imig P. , García Castañeda M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

According to the World Health Organization (2016), adolescence is one of the most important transitional steps in the life of a human being, recognized by an accelerated rate of growth and changes in behavior. Adolescents from Colombia have reached this step, immersed in a context with a history of social, interpersonal and economic violence. In this sense, study of constructs such as empathy and aggressive behaviors are crucial to appease a healthy school coexistence and thus, contribute to a peace cultur

Objectives

Analyze the relationship between empathy and aggressive levels from adolescents.

Methods

This study was done through a cross-sectional study of correlational scope in 240 (N= 240) students. The Prosocial Behavior Questionnaire developed by Martorell and Gonzalez (1922) and the Aggressive questionnaire, developed by Buss and Perry (1992) were applied. The first one was used to measure empathy and the latter to appraise aggressiveness.

Results

There was evidenced of adequate levels of empathy and a great percentage of medium levels of verbal and physical aggressiveness. (Graph 1). In addition, there was a significant statistical correlation of negative magnitude between these variables (Table 1).

Conclusions

It was concluded that the higher the optimal levels of empathy, the lower the aggressive behavior presented by teenagers.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Risk of suicide during pregnacy and postpartum period
Authors: Duarte A. , Ribeiro M. , Lopes J. , Oliveira S. , Martins P.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Pregnancy and the postpartum are generally characterized by positive feelings and expectations but they may also disguise maternal stress and difficulties. These are typical periods for the onset or relapse of psychiatric symptoms and disorders. Even though suicide during pregnancy and postpartum is rare, it is among the leading causes of maternal perinatal mortality.

Objectives

To provide an overview on the risk of suicide during pregnancy and postpartum.

Methods

PubMed database was searched using combinations of the terms “suicide”, combined with “pregnancy” and “depression”.

Results

The major risk factors for suicidal ideation are previous suicide attempts, self-harm, current or past history of psychiatric disorder, young maternal age, being unmarried, an unplanned pregnancy, substance use disorders, lack effective psychosocial support and discontinuation of psychotropic drugs. Pregnant women with suicidality behavior have also an increased risk for various adverse obstetric outcomes, including miscarriage, preterm delivery, maternal hemorrhage, and stillbirth. Furthermore, the postpartum period is often associated with the onset of mood and psychotic disorders with an increased risk of both suicide and infanticide. Women who have suffered from serious psychiatric conditions either after childbirth or in other phases of life should be informed about the possibility of relapse after subsequent pregnancies, thus presenting a higher risk of suicide.

Conclusions

During pregnancy and postpartum, it is fundamental to investigate suicide risk, including suicidal ideation, thoughts, and intent, especially (but not only) in women affected by mental pathology. Moreover, maternal suicide behaviour affects the child’s neuropsychological development and can also increase the infant´s suicide risk.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Epidemioclinical profile of intimate partner abusers
Authors: Kacem M. , Ben Soussia R. , Faouel N. , Boughattass M. , Bouali W. , Haj Mohamed A. , Zarrouk L.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Domestic violence is a critical global and social phenomenon.

Objectives

- To describe the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics related to the abuser in the context of domestic violence. - To study risk factors for acting out in the abuser.

Methods

We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study related to male abusers of their wives who consulted the Forensic Medicine Department of Taher Sfar Hospital in Mahdia between January 2020 and October 2020 for a forensic examination.

Results

We collected 67 cases of domestic violence out of a total of 688 female consultants. The age of the abuser exceeded 35 years in 84% of cases. The average age of the abusers was 33.8 years. Almost half of the abusers had a primary school education. In 43% of the cases, the abuser was unemployed or had a job with a salary below the minimum wage. We found an association between domestic violence and the unfavorable professional status of the spouse. Only in 6% of the cases did the abuser have a psychiatric disorder. He had a history of chronic alcoholism in 35% of the cases and the use of illicit substances (cannabis) in 9% of the cases. Approximately one out of every two abusers (48%) was under the influence of alcohol at the time of the violent act. Alcoholism was associated with all forms of domestic violence. He had a criminal history in 30% of cases.

Conclusions

Our results provide real areas for reflection regarding the adoption of specific therapeutic strategies with domestic violence abusers.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Denial of pregnancy: a review
Authors: Molina Liétor M.D.C. , Cuevas Iñiguez I.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Denial of pregnancy is a condition that the pregnant woman is not aware that she is pregnant. It appears in one in every five hundred pregnancies, approximately. Women who present denial of pregnancy do not usually present comorbidity with another psychiatric pathology, although dependent personality traits, low self-esteem, loneliness and poor communication with the partner have been described as features among patients.

Objectives

The objective of this work is to present the current information on the denial of pregnancy.

Methods

A review about denial of pregnancy.

Results

Denial of pregnancy can be classified as psychotic denial (the woman may misinterpret the symptoms and physical changes of pregnancy, usually in strange ways. These people do not hide their pregnancy and those around them are often aware of the situation) or non-psychotic (the patient has the judgment of reality preserved). Non-psychotic denial can be affective: (the woman intellectually recognizes that she is pregnant but does not experience the emotional or behavioral changes that usually occur. This type of denial is related to feelings of detachment from the baby) or generalized (occurs when the The woman not only does not suffer the emotional changes of pregnancy, but also does not know the existence of pregnancy itself. Weight gain, amenorrhea and other changes inherent to this state may not be present or be misinterpreted. It may be that neither the family nor the environment realizes the pregnancy and then there is a collective denial of the pregnancy.)

Conclusions

Research and prevention of perinatal pathology should be a priority.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Beliefs about pregnancy and its implications regarding self-care in the diet of a population group from Montería, Córdoba
Authors: Ruiz Gonzalez E.P. , Velez Carvajal J. , Uribe Urzola A. , Muñoz Argel M. , Quintana Fernandez M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Pregnancy has sociocultural implications that lead to conceiving it depending on the cultural context (Noguera & Rodríguez, 2008). Self-care is a cultural practice associated with the well-being of mother and child during pregnancy (Carmona, Hurtado and Marín 2007). Being relative to culture, self-care varies according to current beliefs. Beliefs are the concretion of a way of thinking about the environment that surrounds us (Peirce, 1903).

Objectives

Analyze the beliefs of women from a population group in Montería, about pregnancy and its implications regarding self-care in eating.

Methods

Qualitative approach. Sources: primary. Sample: due to saturation, 15 pregnant women assigned to the Mocarí neighborhood hospital in Montería. Instrument: semi-structured open interview. The information was processed through AtlasTi, implementing content analysis. Emerging categories: contents, routines in food.

Results

Main belief: food affects the well-being of mother and child. It is adequate or inappropriate depending on categories such as content and routines. The former refer to the food consumed, the latter indicate the times of consumption.

Conclusions

Beliefs about pregnancy operate as generators of mental habits, projected wishes and concrete actions. Therefore, they are an important starting point for the implementation of self-care practices at the institutional level.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Establishment of a perinatal mental health programme in a portuguese public hospital
Authors: Reis T. , Leite D. , Serra M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The perinatal period constitutes a unique individual and family experience, involved in multifaceted transformations and adaptations at the physical, psychological, social, and emotional levels. This is the period in women’s life cycle where there is a higher risk for the development of mental illness.

Objectives

To introduce the perinatal mental health programme of the Hospital do Espírito Santo de Évora. The main objective is to structure an intervention with the woman and her support network to promote healthy parenting.

Methods

Implementing secondary and tertiary intervention approaches in a general and public hospital in the Alentejo region of Portugal. The programme is composed of the following components and domains of intervention in the pre-conception, pregnancy, and post-partum periods: individual consultation; brief intervention consultation; mindfulness sessions in the immediate postpartum period; home-based interventions; empowerment interventions for hospital and community healthcare professionals.

Results

It is expected that the project will result in a multidisciplinary approach to perinatal mental health, with significant impact, improved perinatal mental health of the women integrated in the project, as well as improved level of satisfaction in the provision of care in the woman/family.

Conclusions

Considering the prevalence and impact of mental health issues in the perinatal period, it is desirable to structure interventions with a holistic and multidisciplinary approach. Perinatal mental health should be prioritized during the entire process of pregnancy and postnatal period. A network of primary and secondary care systems may allow mitigating and/or overcoming vulnerabilities.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and psychosis: case report and literature review
Authors: Gutierrez Higueras T. , Hernández Gajate B. , Fiestas Velasco R.M. , Calera Cortés F. , Sainz De La Cuesta Alonso S. , Vicent Forés S. , Reyes Lopez M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a disease occurring when antibodies produced by the body’s own immune system attack NMDA receptors in the brain. Their functions are critical for judgement, perception of reality, human interaction, the formation and retrieval of memory, and the control of autonomic functions. The objective of treatment is to reduce the levels of antibodies in the blood and spinal fluid. Treatments include corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin and plasmapheresis in addition to other immunomodulators, such as cyclophosphamide or rituximab.

Objectives

To present a case of a 64 year-old patient who came to the emergency service of our hospital with long-standing anxiety, irritability, recurrent amnestic failures, visual hallucinations and recent-onset episodes of aggressiveness with his family. He required admission to the psychiatry department and was finally diagnosed with autoimmune anti-NMDA encephalitis by detecting antibodies in blood and CSF.

Methods

Clinical case presentation and literature review of cases, focusing on psychotic symptoms.

Results

A 65-year-old patient who was being studied by neurology and psychiatry departments for cognitive impairment and psychotic symptoms was admitted to Neurology after a positive lumbar puncture result for NMDA antibodies.During admission, the patient continued with a significant behavioral alteration that gradually remitted with the use of Quetiapine, corticosteroids and rituximab.

Conclusions

NMDA-encephalitis has a highly variable clinical presentation, which can lead to confusion with infectious etiology or psychiatric disorders, making the diagnosis difficult, which is only possible by detecting anti-NMDA antibodies in CSF. Recognition of the disease and coordination between services is essential for early diagnosis and treatment.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Comparative analysis of impulsivity profiles in adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Kenézlői E. , Balogh L. , Somogyi S. , Lévay E. , Bajzát B. , Halmai Z. , Soltész P. , Nemoda Z. , Unoka Z. , Tóth R. , Réthelyi J.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

High levels of impulsive behavior represent a core symptom of different psychiatric conditions, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), impulse control and conduct disorders, bulimia nervosa, substance use disorders, and other maladaptive behaviors. Impulsivity is a multidimensional construct, having at least three factors.

Objectives

Our aim was to describe the impulsivity profile in adult ADHD and BPD patients in comparison with a healthy control group, taking into consideration the different impulsivity factors.

Methods

aADHD (n=80) and BPD Patients (n=60) were recruited, based on the DSM-5 criteria. Control subjects (n=80) were screened using Derogatis Symptom Checklist (SCL-90). Comorbidities were assessed by structured clinical interviews. Participants were further investigated with online questionnaires including the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and neuropsychological tests, like Rogers’ decision-making
test.

Results

Based ont the BIS-11 and DERS results, significantly higher levels of impulsivity (motor, attentional, non-planning) and difficulties in emotion regulation were present both in the aADHD and BPD groups, compared to the control group. Impulsivity factors were more characteristic to aADHD, emotion dysregulation was more specific to BPD. In the Rogers test, aADHD group was significantly slower in decision-making, while in BPD decision quality and risk-taking were affected.

Conclusions

Impulsivity profiles of the two disorders are different, which leads to the assumption of potentially altered pathway of developing impulsive behavior. As a neuropsychiatric condition, impulsivity in aADHD is related to neurobiological dysinhibition, in BPD impulsive behavior is attached to emotionally involving situations, and emotional dysregulation rooted in childhood adverse events.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Polyamory
Authors: Cavalli R. , Rogier G. , Velotti P.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Few studies investigated the role of psychological variables underlying polylove.

Objectives

To extend the knowledge regarding the psychological profile of polylovers.

Methods

We administered to a sample of individuals reporting to be polylovers and a sample of participants reporting to not be polylovers a battery of self-report questionnaires including the Attitude Towards Polylove scale (ATP), the Multidimensional Sexuality Questionnaire (MSQ), The Experiences in Close Relationships 12 items (ECR-12), the Couple Satisfaction Inventory (CSI), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Positive (DERS-P).

Results

We found that controlling for age and gender, polylovers, compared to not polylovers, scored higher on some dimensions of the DERS-P, on the ATP scores and on some dimensions of the MSQ. No others significant differences between groups emerged. Moreover, in the group of polylovers, ATP scores were positively related to sexual satisfaction, sexual self-esteem and sexual consciousness and negatively related to avoidant attachment style and difficulties in regulating positive emotions. Finally, we found that avoidant attachment style moderated the link between ATP scores and sexual self-esteem.

Conclusions

Emotion dysregulation and attachment appear to be central variables explaining the specificity of psychological profiles of polylovers.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Covid 19, gender violence, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Castillo J. , Llamuca M. , Valdéz V.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

In Ecuador, the first case of covid19 was reported on February 29th of 2020, forcing people to remain in lockdown, which increased gender violence; post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression.

Objectives

Determine the cases during the lockdown caused by the covid-19 pandemic we found victims of some type of gender-based violence, depression, and PTSD.

Methods

An observational, cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out based on surveys conducted online, the study was conducted on January 29th of 2021, in the province of Guayas-Ecuador. Performed with “google forms” platform, data on affiliation, the situation of intimate partner violence and the Davidson trauma test (PTSD) and the Beck test (depression) were collected.

Results

A total of 411 samples were obtained, classified according to age, sex, number of children, education, occupation, intimate partner relationship, whether they had suffered gender violence and types of violence. 88 (21.41%) people reported having suffered some type of violence, of which 25 (28.42%) were men and 62 (70.45%) were women. The most common was psychological with 53 (60.23%) people. 82 respondents tested positive to Davidson test for PTSD, equivalent to 20% of the total sample. 51 people (12%) reported suffering from mild depression, 53 (13%) reported suffering from moderate depression and 38 people (9%) reported major depression with Beck test.

Conclusions

In this study we evidenced that although the interviewers claimed they had never suffered gender violence , it was observed that the results were incongruent, so it is important to highlight that talking about gender violence is still considered a stigma in our society.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Does LSD Have Any Therapeutical Value In Mental Disorders? A Non-Systemic Review
Authors: Silva L. , Bravo L.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) a semi synthetic hallucinogen, was first synthetized by Albert Hofmann in 1938 and its psychological properties were not discovered until 1943. There was a brief renaissance of its use in psychiatry, specifically in assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of alcoholism, neurosis and psychosomatic disorders. However, research with LSD and others psychedelics substances rapidly came to an end with its broad international prohibition in the 1970´s.

Objectives

This work aims to provide an understanding on the potential benefits of LSD in mental disorders, as well as its mechanism of action and effects on human brain.

Methods

A non-systematic review was performed on PubMed database, using the key words “LSD, mental disorder, neuroimaging, cerebral plasticity, psychedelics, substance use disorder”. Websites of the Berkley Foundation and Multidisciplinary Association For Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) were also searched.

Results

Significant evidence has emerged that LSD may have a role in the treatment for some mental disorder, including drug and alcohol dependence and anxiety associated with life threatening diseases. Evidence based on modern neuroimaging technique suggest that LSD alters the brain blood flow, electrical activity, and network communication patterns. Preclinical evidence also demonstrated that psychedelics affect neuroplasticity after acute and chronic administration.

Conclusions

Based on the available evidence LSD when administered safely in a methodologically supervised psychotherapeutic setting can have a potential use for certain psychiatric conditions, suggesting that larger controlled studies are warranted

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Coping strategies in parents of children with chronic Adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Faouel N. , Ben Soussia R. , Messai K. , Kacem M. , Bouali W. , Haj Mohamed A. , Zarrouk L.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Being the parent of a child followed for a chronic pathology can require different resources and coping skills.

Objectives

to determine the adaptation strategies of the parents of children monitored for adrenal insufficiency in the face of their children’s pathology

Methods

We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out with parents of children with Adrenal Insufficiency followed at the pediatric outpatient clinic in Taher Sfar Mahdia University Hospital between February 2019 and April 2020. We used a pre-established questionnaire collecting sociodemographic data and the strategies of coping using the Brief-COPE Board.

Results

A total of 38 parents of children with adrenal insufficiency and 38 control parents participated in the study. The Brief-Cope board’s study of Coping strategies revealed that the strategies most used by parents of children with Adrenal insufficiency were, in descending order: religion (92.1%), support emotional (73.7%), distraction (63.9%), behavioral disengagement and acceptance (57.9%), instrumental support (52.6%), expression of feelings (50%), positive reinterpretation (39.5%), blame (38.9%), denial and humor (36.8%), active coping and planning (36.1%). On the other hand, those used by the control population were in descending order: religion (94.4%), distraction (84.2%), blame (78.9%), acceptance (72.2%) %), emotional support (69.4%), humor (63.9%), behavioral disengagement (61.1%), active coping (47.2%), expression of feelings (44 , 7%), planning (41.7%), instrumental support (30.6%), positive reinterpretation (22%), denial (19.4%).

Conclusions

Psychological support for the parents of children with chronic illnesses would be necessary to prevent parental burnout and improve their ability to adapt to their experiences

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Effectiveness of Interventions on Psychological Resilience among Individuals with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Üzar-Özçetin Y.S. , Öcalan S.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Cancer is a disease that can cause traumatic experiences and disrupt the balance of life in individuals. The development of resilience in individuals is important in adapting to the cancer process and the difficulties that the process may bring.

Objectives

To investigate the effectiveness of interventions for the psychological resilience of individuals with cancer.

Methods

The findings of randomized controlled trials related to interventions to effect resilience of individuals with cancer were included. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used to analyze the data. Hedges’ g and 95% confidence intervals were computed to estimate the effect. Additionally, funnel plots were created to assess publication bias. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis was used.

Results

The eight studies that demonstrated the effect of the interventions on resilience of individuals with cancer were heterogeneous. The effect size was 2.649 (95% CI = 1.325 - 3.973), was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Results of the subgroup analysis showed that the effects of sample size, cancer type, lenght of treatment, duration of intervention and gender were significant. According to the lenght of treatment studies lasting >90 min and >10 weeks were less significant impact on resilience. Studies in which the sample consisted of more than 100 participants, conducted participants with mixed type of cancer and the sample consisted of participants from both genders demonstrated statistically significant effects on resilience.

Conclusions

This study showed that supportive interventions are crucial in developping psychological resilience among individuals with cancer. However, the findings also underscore the need for further research.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.