bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Land Suitability for Crop Production in Northern Ghana Using GIS and AHP Based Techniques
Authors: Salifu Eliasu , Agyei Agyare Wilson , Abdul-ganiyu Shaibu
Published: November 2022

In this study, a land suitability index for crop production in three northern regions of Ghana is spatially generated using a land suitability analysis through the integration of AHP and GIS. The study further exploited actual maize and groundnut yield obtained by farmers in the study area by integrating it with the land suitability index to spatially generate potential maize and ground yield. The actual and potential maize and groundnut yields were overlayed in GIS to produce potential yield losses for maize and groundnuts. Factors of precipitation, slope of land, LULC, soil erosion, OM and the soil type were identified through expert opinion in literature, and assigned weights through AHP for the land suitability analysis. Results obtained from the land suitability index indicates about 19.2 % of land in the three regions is highly suitable for crop production, about 20.8 % is moderately suitable, about 27.0 % is less suitable and about 33 % unsuitable due to settlements and depleted lands. Potential yield loss due to difference in actual and potential maize and groundnuts yields were 70 % and 63 % for maize and groundnuts respectively for the Northern Region, 83 % and 66 % for maize and groundnuts respectively for the North-East Region, and then 66 % and 59 % for maize and groundnuts respectively for the Savannah Region. The AHP and GIS-based land suitability analysis techniques are potentials and effective tools for determining the suitability of land for crop production thereby enhancing sustainable agricultural development through enhancing food security and creation of new jobs.
Presence of Some Commonly used Pharmaceutical Residues in Seawater and Net Plankton: a Case Study of Spitsbergen, Svalbard Archipelago
Authors: Ersoy Korkmaz Nagihan , Aksu Abdullah , Karacık Burak , Bayırhan İrşad , Çağlar Nuray , Gazioğlu Cem , Özsoy Burcu
Published: November 2022

The occurrence of eleven pharmaceutical compounds in the surface seawater and plankton samples from Spitsbergen, Svalbard Archipelago, were investigated. The target compounds included diclofenac, fenoprofen, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, naproxen, carbamazepine, clofibric acid, gemfibrozil, estrone, 17β-estradiol, and 17α-ethynylestradiol, which are among the most widely used pharmaceuticals in the world. The water samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extractions, which were followed by solid-phase extractions (SPE). Ultrasonic extractions were used for the plankton samples, and a clean-up process was then carried out using the SPE method. The quantifications of the pharmaceutical compounds were obtained by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC–DAD). The highest concentrations (2.17 µg L-1) that were measured in seawater were for gemfibrozil. 17α-ethynylestradiol and fenoprofen were the most abundant pharmaceuticals that were detected in the seawater samples. All of the studied compounds were detected in the plankton samples. The concentrations of ibuprofen (4543 ng g-1), 17β-estradiol (3338 ng g-1), 17α-ethynylestradiol (3262 ng g-1), and gemfibrozil (6940 ng g-1) were high in the plankton samples. Pharmaceutical compounds have been identified in the Arctic region due to the inadequate or incomplete wastewater treatment facilities in this region, which exhibit reduced biodegradation levels at low temperatures and prolonged half-life for the compounds in the receiving environments at low temperatures.
Sustainable, Alternative Conductive Fillers for Flexible Electronics: Investigation of Filler Size on Morphological and Electrical Properties of Styrene-[Ethylene-(Ethylene-Propylene)]-Styrene Block Copolymer (SEEPS) Composites
Authors: Çetin Mukaddes Şevval , Toprakçı Ozan , Karahan Toprakci Hatice Aylin
Published: November 2022

Sustainability is getting popular for many engineering applications from packaging to textiles, energy to electronics. Since renewable, environmental friendly sources lowers the negative impacts of the end product on ecology, sustainability studies generally start with the raw materials. The sustainability of electronic materials has gained importance because of limited amount of resources and increasing costs as well as environmental restrictions. In this study, pistachio shell waste was used to synthesize conductive fillers for the fabrication of sustainable flexible electronics. Pistachio shell waste was carbonized. After carbonization, two different grounding settings were used to obtain different filler sizes. In order to compare the effects of filler size on electrical and morphological properties of the composites, six different samples were prepared based on filler concentration with styrene-[ethylene-(ethylene-propylene)]-styrene block copolymer. Homogeneous filler distribution and good filler-matrix interface were observed for both composite sets. Filler size was found significant in terms of the electrical conductivity of the composites. For larger fillers, the percolation region was found to shift to lower concentration compared to smaller filler size.
SST Correlation Between Chlorophyll and Turbidity by Landsat MS Image Analysis for the Coast of Izmir Province
Authors: Kayalık Mert , Çorumluoğlu Özşen
Published: November 2022

Temporal Sea Surface Temperature (SST) analyses by satellite images are quite vital in terms of understanding the sea water quality. Specific water quality criteria include dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll, temperature, depth, pH, salinity, and turbidity, and these criteria are used to determine water quality in seas. In the current study, three criteria which are chlorophyll, temperature (SST) and turbidity were examined through their correlation with SST derived from Landsat sensors. This let to know about the examined criteria at minimum and maximum temperature dates, the relation with respect to temperature change rates, and to understand the events that occur in certain dates. The regular or irregular increases of the detected SST are evidence of sea water quality or pollution resulted from the criteria in the study area. Therefore, first turbid water which contains a high amount of suspended sediment was studied. After the turbidity index was completed, the Chlorophyll study was carried out to detect the algae like substances. The aims of the study are to evaluate the temporal change of water quality in coastal region of Izmir province, using spectral indices, and to contribute to the development of more sensitive qualitative index algorithms in the future. At the end of the study, high correlation coefficients revealed the relationship between SST and indexes.
Evaluation on 2002-2021 CHL-A Concentrations in the Sea of Marmara with GEE Enhancement of Satellite Data
Authors: Çelik Osman İsa , Çelik Selin , Gazioğlu Cem
Published: November 2022

Remote sensing data, especially satellite observations make available large databases related to marine biosphere. This tremendous amount of the data causes a difficulty to acquisition, processing and evaluation processes. Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform make possible to overcome this difficulty by its state of art structure. Thus, GEE platform was included to study to process and evaluate the chlorophyll-a data for the sea of Marmara. The Sea of Marmara was considered in 2 main parts as North and South Marmara. These parts also divided into 6 sub-regions and analyzed as 12 different regions in total. MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)-Aqua data were acquired between the years 2003-2021 with the GEE platform for all examined sub-regions and make them available for analysis. Approximately 19 years of arranged chl-a concentration data were visualized and evaluated by grouping them according to sub-regions, months and years. As expected, the highest concentration of chl-a was observed in the Sea of Marmara in square KM6, which includes the Gulf of Izmit and has limited regeneration The lowest concentration values throughout the years were found in the areal average values of the KM4 square under the influence of the jet stream formed by the upper water from the Black Sea. When the monthly data are examined, it can be said that the primary production in general takes place intensively in the whole of the Marmara Sea in the spring season. In the context of this study, the accuracy of the division of the Sea of Marmara in two main axes as North and South is clearly seen in the analyzes within the time series. We evaluate that the similarity of chl-a concentrations in the Marmara Sea to the period before 2007 and 2020 requires a special attention as evidence of a repetitive process rather than an ecological coincidence.
Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Turkish Basins
Authors: Tokuşlu Aydın
Published: November 2022

Climate change, which is caused by the greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere by humans, disrupting the temperature, rainfall, and humidity balance on the earth, makes itself felt more and more every day. The effects of climate change are seen in oceans, habitats, briefly all over the world, from the equator to the poles. As a result of these effects, the polar glaciers are melting, the seawater level rises and soil losses increase in the coastal areas, while the severity and number of hurricanes, and floods increase in some parts of the world, while long-term droughts and desertification have started in some other regions. Climate change also affects water resources greatly, and it occurs as a decrease in water resources, forest fires, and related ecological deterioration. As a result of the decrease in the water flow in the river basins, water shortage started in the cities, agricultural production decreased and caused the expansion of arid or semi-arid areas. In this study, the impacts of climate change on Turkish basins were investigated and the measures to be taken were examined. Possible problems to be encountered in the future were mentioned and suggestions were made about what to do in the basins.
Investigation of the Levels of Bio-Indicator Bacteria in the Kınalıada Coastal Area, Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Karaman Baş Selma Dilara , Altuğ Gülşen
Published: November 2022

Coastal areas have an important place in island ecosystems. These areas, which may be fragile depending on the impact of human activities exposed and other environmental factors and in addition to domestic, agricultural and industrial activities, it hosts intensive touristic use in spring and summer. In this study, the closest contact with the shores of a mainland like Istanbul, among the Prince Islands in the Marmara Sea which is under the influence of the vast majority of the pollution load Kınalıada has been selected as a research area. Total heterotrophic aerobic bacteria (HAB) levels were analyzed using spreading plate method. The levels of fecal coliform (FC), total coliform (TC) and intestinal streptococci (IS) examined using Membrane Filtration Technique in the surface water samples. Variable environmental parameters (dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, temperature) were recorded periodically using the Multiparameter (YSI 556 MPS) with seawater samples. Nutrient salts (nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, phosphate phosphor), trophic level indicator Chlorophyll-a were analyzed using spectrophotometric methods. While the highest TC, FC and IS level detected as 96x103 CFU/100 ml, 49x103 CFU/100 ml, 82x103 CFU/100 ml, respectively. The highest HAB level was determined as 92x1011CFU /ml .Variable environmental parameters recorded for seawater temperature between 25.7-6.89˚C, pH 11.55 -3.60, dissolved oxygen 19.98 -1.66 mg /l and salinity ‰ 29.11-21.18 during the study period. Nutrient salts; nitrite nitrogen detected to be 0.21-0.01 mg/l; nitrate nitrogen detected to be 9.90-0.13 mg/l; ammonium nitrogen detected to be 4.80-0.02 mg/l; phosphate phosphor detected to be 22.45-0.01 mg/l. The levels of FC, TC and IS determined in Kınalıada coastal area fluctuate depending on the seasons, but these levels are determined above the legal limits. The presence of bio-indicator bacteria detected above the border throughout the sampling shows that it poses a serious risk for ecosystem health and public health.
Distribution of Rodent Species (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Zonguldak Province, Turkey
Authors: Çoğal Muhsin , Sözen Mustafa
Published: November 2022

To know rodent species in an area is important in wildlife management studies, forestry applications, conservation purposes, and public health studies because of some rodent-borne diseases. To determine rodent species and their distribution in Zonguldak was aimed to supply a detailed inventory data and distribution maps for further studies in future. Samples were collected mostly by Sherman traps, and rarely conventional cage-like traps, phototraps, or visually from 33 localities that represent different habitat types, between 2009 and 2016. A total of 427 specimens from 15 species were evaluated. These species are: Sciurus anomalus, Myodes glareolus, Microtus subterraneus, M. levis, Apodemus flavicollis, A. sylvaticus, A. uralensis, A. witherbyi, A. mystacinus, Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus, Mus domesticus, M. macedonicus, Glis glis and Muscardinus avellanarius. Of them S. anomalus, M. levis, A. uralensis, M. macedonicus and M. avellanarius were recorded by primary data for the first time from Zonguldak. According to the results, Sciurus anomalus, Apodemus flavicollis and Glis glis are the most common species by being recorded from 13, 12 and 9 localities, respectively. Among the 33 localities trapped, Kurtköy and Beldibi areas have highest number of rodent species by each having 7 species. Trap Night Index (TNI) was calculated to find the most caught rodent species, the overall trap success for rodents caught and the localities where the majority of rodent samples were caught. TNI was calculated as 21.43 for seven of the localities studied. Skull and pelage morphology (pectoral spot expressions, the posterior end of the palatal bone, pterygoid process, fronto-parietal suture and upper molar crown patterns) were used to identify Apodemus species. Morphological evaluations of Apodemus specimens verified the occurrence of A. sylvaticus in Asiatic Turkey.
Urban Heat Island Mapping Based on a Local Climate Zone Classification : a Case Study in Strasbourg City, France
Authors: Philipps Nathalia , Landes Tania , Kastendeuch Pierre , Najjar Georges , Gourguechon Camille
Published: November 2022

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is characterised by higher temperatures in cities than in rural surroundings. This phenomenon leads to increased health risks in urban dwellers, particularly in the context of global climate change. It is essential to consider its spatial variability to propose efficient UHI mitigation strategies. The Local Climate Zone (LCZ) scheme is a climate-based classification that can accurately capture UHI intensities according to the urban area characteristics. In this study, an LCZ classification has been established for the city of Strasbourg by using a vector-based method that relies on a large vector database composed of land cover and cadastral parcels data. LCZ polygons are digitized from cadastral maps, then the different LCZ parameters are calculated for each of them. Six of the ten LCZ parameters proposed in the literature have been obtained. New criteria have been added to improve the classification, i.e. a vegetation parameter (VgSF) and a compactness index (CI). A given LCZ class is then assigned to each polygon using a trapezoidal fuzzy logic model, which is completed by a decision tree. The acquired final LCZ map shows that the developed vector-based method permits obtaining relevant LCZ classification. The LCZ parameters values are subsequently used to determine a multiple linear regression (MLR) aiming to get a UHI intensity for each LCZ polygon. The resulting UHI map of the Eurométropole de Strasbourg (EMS) accurately illustrates the strong spatial heterogeneity of the phenomenon.
A Review on Geological View of Svalbard with its Infrastructure and Strategies
Authors: Yalçınkaya Şevval , Yirmibeşoğlu Sinan , Çelik Balcı Nurgül , Ozsoy Burcu
Published: November 2022

Arctic Region (AR); Its role in global climate change, recently opened commercial sea routes, unexploited industrial resources, unique polar ecosystem and international geopolitical balance making it a strategic area that attracts the attention of many countries. In this aspect, the Arctic Council carries out various studies and international cooperation, especially interdisciplinary scientific research in the AR. Apart from the Council, many institutions, organizations and societies come to the AR to conduct scientific studies. When these studies examined from a geological point of view, it seen that they classified as glacial science, marine geology, geomorphology, microbial ecology, permafrost, biogeochemistry and geochemistry. Svalbard is geologically salient as well as being the place where most scientific studies are conducting in AR. In line with the geological significance of Svalbard, many institutions are engaged in educational studies, science strategies, international projects, etc. In this study, the geological structure, geological infrastructure and scientific strategy for geological researches of the Svalbard Region are examined. Moreover, projects that can be done within the scope of scientific researches of Turkey in AR, are evaluated as a recommendation.
A Decision Support Model for Improvement of Urban Resilience through Accessibility Analysis
Authors: Hadımlıoğlu İsmail Alihan
Published: November 2022

Decision support systems provide vital benefits supplying additional information before planning in disaster management. To improve a city's resilience against disasters such organization and maintenance must be conducted during the city planning stage. In this work, an improvement suggestion mechanism is built using risk value estimation through availability of emergency centers and road network redundancy is provided. This approach investigates the study area to determine possible risk zones within the city using routing and road network analysis. Upon investigation of the necessary parameters, a risk value is calculated for each administrative division within a city. These risk values are then passed to the decision support stage in which the system can pick one or several items from a list of improvements to reduce overall riskiness of these divisions. This work combines several ideas of emergency management domain in a formula to provide a quantitative meaning to possible risk within administrative divisions. Decision support aspect can be customized further to help planners have a preliminary analysis by showing the optimal locations to place new emergency management facilities.
The Detection of the Buried Pipes Using GPR in Utility Works: A Case Study
Authors: Yılmaz Yalçın , Soycan Arzu
Published: November 2022

The increasing population and accordingly the new settlement ultimately need for the utility. Location and attribute information of utilities significantly affect the maintenance, repair and construction of utilities. The lack of such information causes accidents resulting in material and moral damages in utility excavations ‘especially in the city’. The lack of information on utility works in our country raises problems such as damage to another utility during the work, being unable to complete the work on time, affecting vehicle and pedestrian traffic. This study has focused on the detectability of utilities with unknown location and attribute (diameter) using a ground penetrating radar (GPR) based on simulation model and field surveys. An antenna frequency of 300 MHz was chosen in both applications. The analysis of the data obtained from the simulation model revealed positive results in terms of the usability of the GPR for the determination of location and attributes in utility works. Furthermore, the results of the field studies demonstrated that if the dielectric constants of a utility element and of its location are close, data on the utility cannot be obtained; if the trench base is narrow, it gives a hyperbola reflection like pipeline; and if it is not analyzed carefully, this pseudo- reflection may lead to mistakes. The field study shows that if there are no continuous hyperbola reflections on consecutive radargrams, the possibility that the reflection may not be due to pipeline should be considered.
Creation of a Virtual Tour .Exe Utilizing Very High-Resolution RGB UAV Data
Authors: Sefercik Umut Gunes , Kavzoğlu Taşkın , Nazar Mertcan , Atalay Can , Madak Muhammed
Published: November 2022

In the last decades, developments in game engine technology led to a raised attraction to the virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) concepts which offer users an interactive synthetic environment. Also, with the travel limitations of the current COVID-19 pandemic, VR tour applications that visualize the geospatial data gained popularity more than ever. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) VR tour application was created for Gebze Technical University (GTU) Campus by integrating unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data into an artificial environment by using cross-platform game development engine Unity. For creating high-quality 3D models of the Campus, different imaging geometries and flight altitudes were applied. The aerial photos were achieved with a ground sampling distance (GSD) of ≤2.2 cm with a 20 megapixel (MP) Sony Exmor RGB camera. Point cloud processing and the generation of high-quality 3D products were carried out by structure from motion (SfM) based photogrammetric software Agisoft Metashape. Using 86 well-distributed ground control points (GCPs), geometric correction accuracy of ±2 cm (~0.9 pixels) was reached as root mean square error (RMSE). Generated 3D models were imported into the Unity environment and the negative influence of high polygon data on the application performance was reduced by applying occlusion culling and space subdivision rendering optimization algorithms. The visual potential of the VR was improved by adding 3D individual object models such as trees, benches and arbors. For enhancing the information content of the VR tour, interactive information panels including the building metadata such as building name, block name and total floor area were placed. Finally, a first-person player was implemented for a realistic VR experience.
Geological and Geostatistical Modeling of Geogenic Radon Potential of Minarets in Muğla Province (SW Turkey)
Authors: Zeybek Mutlu , Kop Alican
Published: November 2022

Radon (222Rn), derived from the Uranium (238U) series and emitted from Geological Formation (soil, rock) (Qg), Fault (Qf) and Construction Material (Qm), which cannot be detected by the five senses, is an inert radioactive gas. Radon negatively affects people's health (such as lung cancer) as a result of excessive (>200 Bq/m3) accumulation in buildings. The aim of this study is to measure the radon emission concentrations of the components (Qg, Qf, Qm) that make up the Total Radon Gas Concentration (Qt) in the building (for the purpose of this study, mosque minarets) close to the fault or the possible fault in Muğla province (SW Turkey) and order their sizes. The Indoor Radon Concentration (IRC) of 841 minarets in Muğla province was measured with a portable RadonEye device (made in South Korea). At least 5 Soil Radon Concentration (SRC) measurements were made perpendicular to the fault lines near 14 minarets with a portable Markus 10 device (made in Sweden). About 10% of the 841 minarets were found to be above the European Indoor Radon Reference Value (EIRRV) (200 Bq/m3). When evaluated according to the 13 districts, it is seen that the district with the highest IRC in the 841 minarets is Marmaris (Çetibeli town, 2809 Bq/m3), and the district with the lowest is Ula (Armutçuk town, 217 Bq/m3). The highest IRC was measured inside a minaret made of volcanic rocks in the Marmaris district (Çetibeli town, 2809 Bq/m3). The lowest SRC was obtained in Datça district (Kızlan town, 5830 Bq/m3) where serpentinites outcropped, and the highest SRC was found in Bodrum district (Gürece town, 120000 Bq/m3) where volcanic rocks outcropped. It has been determined that there is a Qf>Qg>Qm relationship between the magnitudes of the factors (Qg, Qf, Qm) affecting Qt in the minarets close to the fault and possible faults. As a result, IRC measurements in all buildings where people live should be done periodically and regularly by the relevant institutions.
A Ship Maneuvers Could be Predicted in the Turkish Straits by Marine Science Effects?
Authors: Usluer Hasan Bora , Alkan Güler , Turan Osman
Published: November 2022

The Turkish Straits System or Sea Area consists of the Strait of Istanbul (Bosphorus), the Strait of Çanakkale (Dardanelles), and the Sea of Marmara, which is among the world's most extensive busiest natural waterways. Connecting the Asian and European continents increases national and international maritime trade, thus increasing maritime traffic. For this reason, it has gained the nature of an essential natural waterway in world maritime transport. As a result of the investigation of the dangers experienced by the ships passing through the Turkish Straits throughout history, the essential factor is the need to collect the marine science data periodically and to make it usable for the safety of the ships underway. In the study, an effort was made to evaluate the practical and beneficial use of Marine Science data on the effects of marine accidents such as Independenta, Nassia, and Vita Spirit. Their consequences were dangerous in the history of marine accidents in the Turkish Straits. Also, within the study, natural effects in the seas can be controlled by human reflex and appropriate technical equipment trying to find the answer to the species. As a result of the study, it has been determined that seasonally affected sea and meteorological data can be predicted in the natural waterway Turkish Straits and are essential for navigational safety.
Wheat Yield Prediction with Machine Learning based on MODIS and Landsat NDVI Data at Field Scale
Authors: Tuğaç Murat Güven , Özbayoğlu A. Murat , Torunlar Harun , Karakurt Erol
Published: November 2022

Accurate estimation of wheat yield using Remote Sensing-based models is critical in determining the effects of agricultural drought and sustainable food planning. In this study, Winter wheat yield was estimated for large fields and producer fields by applying Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) based linear models (simple linear regression and multiple linear regression) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques (support vector machine_svm, multilayer perceptron_mlp, random forest_rf). In this study, depending on the ecological zone, crop sampling was carried out from 380 rainfed parcels where wheat was planted. On the basis of crop development periods (CDP), the highest correlation between NDVI and yield occurred during the flowering period. In this period, coefficient of determination (R2) was 63% in TIGEM fields and 50% in producer fields for MODIS data, and 61% and 65% for Landsat data, respectively. In TIGEM fields, the best prediction performance was obtained with the MLP model for MODIS (RMSE:0.23-0.65 t/ha) and Landsat (RMSE: 0.28-0.64 t/ha). On the other hand, the highest forecasting accuracy was acquired with the SVM model in producer fields. The RMSE values ranged from 0.74 to 0.80 t/ha for MODIS and 0.51 to 0.60 t/ha for Landsat 8. The error value obtained with MODIS was approximately 1.4 times higher than the Landsat 8 data in producer fields. For yield estimation, the best estimation can be made 4-6 weeks before the harvest. In regional yield estimations, satellite-based ML techniques outperformed linear models. ML models have shown that it can play an important role in crop yield prediction. In crop yield estimation, it is a priority to consider the impact of climate change and ecological differences on crop development.
The Potential Contribution of Remotely Sensed Images for GreenMetric Ranking
Authors: İncekara Abdullah Harun , Yaprak Basaran Elif , Seker Dursun Zafer
Published: November 2022

GreenMetric (GM) ranks the universities worldwide to determine their sustainability levels. Ranking depends on the scores which is calculated based on the evidence provided for various criteria. In this study, it is suggested to use remotely sensed images both as data to be used in score calculation related to greenery level and as evidence to be presented. In this context, GM scores regarding the sustainability indicators of the first category were determined by using satellite images. The main campuses of two universities from Turkey were selected as study areas. Sentinel-2B satellite images of the campus areas were exposed to digital image processing techniques to derive statistical values regarding greenery. Based on these data and information, the total scores of the setting and infrastructure category for both campuses were calculated as 1000 and 925, those officially claimed were 1050 and 825. When considering the main campus of a university, remotely sensed image has high potential to obtain the required information about green and non-green areas. Therefore, thematic maps to be produced from such data can set a standard for statistical evidence requested by GM in various indicators. This approach will also contribute to the more reliable evaluation.
Marine Pollution Simulation and Comparative Intervention Procedures Based on Case Scenario
Authors: Aşan Cihat
Published: November 2022

Experience and evolving technology have made it possible to combat marine pollution in more effective ways. Apart from a lack of appropriate reaction resources in prior oil spill catastrophes, presently Turkiye has more potent ability. The objective of this research is to establish the efficiency of the response to marine pollution which might emerge in the Istanbul Strait with the presently available functionalities, as well as to offer suggestions over what operational and technical upgrades could be made to ramp up this effectiveness. PISCES II (Potential Incident Simulation Control and Evaluation System) oil pollution modelling and decision support system was utilized to fulfil the study's purpose. In the conclusion of the study, correlative statistics prove how to use assets in the intervention action to combat oil pollution in the Istanbul Strait, how surface vessels are employed during these operational processes, as well as the significance of the initial reaction speed.
Salgının Bankacılık Sektörüne Etkisi: Ampirik Bir Yaklaşım
Authors: KISA Ökkeş
Published: November 2022

Bankacılık sektörü, geçmişten günümüze fon fazlası olanlardan fon ihtiyacı olanlara doğru aktarım gerçekleştirerek ekonomik büyümeye olumlu katkıları bulunmaktadır. Günümüzde salgınla birlikte bankacılık sektörüne salgının ekonomiye olumsuz etkisini minimize etme görevi verilmesine rağmen, bankacılık sektörü de salgından olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Bu nedenle salgının bankacılık sektörüne etkisini belirlemek önem arz etmektedir.

Çalışmanın amacı; salgının bankacılık sektörüne etkisini istatiksel yöntemle analiz etmektir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada; salgın öncesi 22 aylık dönem ile salgın sürecindeki 22 aylık dönemdeki bazı değişkenler, eşleştirilmiş t testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda; bankaların performans göstergelerinden olan kredi/mevduat oranı, özkaynak ve aktif karlılığı oranları ve net faiz marjında azalmaların gerçekleştiği ve salgının bankacılık sektörünü olumsuz etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu bağlamda bankaların performans göstergelerindeki düşüşlerin önlenebilmesi ve aracılık maliyetlerin azaltılmasının sağlanabilmesi için maliye politikası araçlardan olan vergilere ilişkin düzenleme yapılması gerekmektedir.
Tam Kamusal Mal ve Hizmet Olarak Türkiye’de Adalet Hizmetlerinin Toplumsal Algısı: Ampirik Bir Çalışma
Authors: DEMİR İhsan Cemil , ERDAL Nagihan
Published: November 2022

Tam kamusal mal ve hizmetler; faydasının tüm topluma yayıldığı ve bu faydanın bireyler arasında bölünemediği, tüketiminden hiç kimsenin dışlanamadığı, tüketiminde rekabetin olmadığı, arzının siyasal süreç içerisinde şekillendiği, finansmanının vergilerle sağlandığı ve üretiminin devlet tarafından gerçekleştirildiği mal ve hizmetlerdir. Devletin temel fonksiyonlarından biri olarak adalet hizmetleri taşıdığı nitelikler itibariyle tam kamusal mal ve hizmetlerden birisidir. Literatürde adalet hizmetleri genel olarak tam kamusal mal ve hizmet olarak kabul edilse de adalet hizmetlerini yarı kamusal mal ve hizmet olarak kabul eden görüşler de mevcuttur. Uygulanan kamusal hizmetlerde devletin başarısını belirleyen en önemli ölçütlerden biri; o kamusal hizmetin toplum tarafından nasıl algılandığıdır. Bu çalışma Türkiye genelinde adalet hizmetlerinin toplumsal algısını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle ölçeği tarafımızdan oluşturulan anket yardımıyla adalet hizmetlerinin toplum tarafından tam kamusal mal ve hizmet olarak mı, yarı kamusal mal ve hizmet olarak mı algılandığı hususu araştırılmıştır. Adalet hizmetlerinin toplumsal algısını etkileyen değişkenleri belirlemek amacıyla da bir dizi regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; adalet hizmetleri daha ziyade tam kamusal mal ve hizmet olarak algılanmaktadır. Bu algıyı etki eden faktörler ise; yaşanılan yer, adil yargılanma, makul sürede çözümlenme, devletin temel fonksiyonu, yararlanma, memnuniyet, adalet ve güven hissi, sadece toplumsal fayda ile hem bireysel hem toplumsal fayda olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Abrams Eğrisi Hipotezinde Cinsiyet ve Eğitimin Rolü: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: AKSOY Nagihan , IVRENDİ Mehmet , TÜRKEN Fatma
Published: November 2022

Kamu sektör hacmi ile işsizlik arasındaki pozitif ilişki literatürde Abrams Eğrisi Hipotezi olarak yer almaktadır. Abrams Eğrisi’nin geçerli olduğu bir ekonomide kamu hacminde meydana gelen bir artış beraberinde işsizlik oranını da artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 2009:Q1-2020:Q4 döneminde Abrams Eğrisi’nin Türkiye için geçerliliği Vektör Otoregresif (VAR) model ile incelenmiştir. Literatürden farklı olarak çalışmada Abrams Eğrisi’nin geçerliliği hem genel hem de kadın ve erkek işsizlik oranına göre ayrılarak incelenmiştir. Ayrıca kadın ve erkek işsizlik oranları da eğitim seviyelerine göre sınıflandırılıp tekrar analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulardan ilki analiz döneminde Abrams Eğrisi’nin genel ve erkek işsizlik oranları için geçerli olduğu, fakat kadın işsizlik oranında geçerli olmadığı ya da marjinal bir etki yarattığı yönündedir. Eğitim seviyesinin dikkate alındığı analiz bulguları ise Abrams Eğrisi’nin erkeklerde temel ve orta eğitimde, kadınlarda ise orta eğitim düzeyinde çok kısa bir dönemde geçerli olduğu yönündedir. Yani kamu harcamaları vasıfsız emek üzerinde (temel ve orta eğitim) etkili iken, vasıflı emek (gelişmiş eğitim) üzerinde etkili değildir. Bu sonuç ise kamu harcamalarının niteliksiz emeğe göre nitelikli emeğe daha az ihtiyaç duyması ile ilişkilendirilebilir.
Türkiye’de Bütçe Esneklik Araçlarının Sınıflandırılması ve Esneklik Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YILMAZ Gülizar Seda , YAMAN GÜÇLÜ Sevim , AKDENİZ Demet
Published: November 2022

Bütçe esnekliği, öngörülmemiş durumlara karşı bütçeyi uyarlama konusunda tanınan manevra alanını ifade eder. Akademik yazına ve mali mevzuata göre bütçeler belli bir derecede esnek olmalıdır. Ancak bu esnekliğin hangi araçlarla sağlandığına ve bu araçların nasıl kullanıldığına dair üretilen bilgilerde kategorik bir yaklaşım olduğunu söylemek zordur. Buradan hareketle bu çalışma, Türkiye'de merkezi yönetim bütçesine esneklik sağlayan mevcut araçları harcama, gelir ve borçlanma unsurları açısından sınıflandırmayı ve bu araçların 5018 sayılı Kamu Mali Yönetimi ve Kontrol Kanunu’nun yürürlüğe girdiği tarihten itibaren nasıl kullanıldığını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda mali mevzuat taranarak farklı araç ve düzenlemeler aracılığıyla bütçeye tanınan esnekliğin sınırları ortaya konulmuş ve 2005 yılı sonrası veriler üzerinden esnekliğin nasıl kullanıldığı incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda esnekliğin, özellikle harcama unsurları açısından, mevzuatla çizilmiş sınırların dışına çıkılarak kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın, dağınık görünümdeki esneklik araçlarını sınıflandırarak bütçe yazınına katkı sağlaması ve bütçe uygulamasına ilişkin tartışmaların bu sınıflandırma aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilmesini sağlaması beklenmektedir.
Sağlık Harcamalarına Etki Eden Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi: Gelişmiş ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler Örneği
Authors: KARAŞ Ebru
Published: November 2022

Çalışmada, gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler bazında sağlık harcamalarına etki eden faktörlerin panel regresyon yöntemi aracılığıyla belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç kapsamında temel varsayımların karşılandığı dirençli tahmincilerle regresyon tahmini yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre, ilgili faktörler gelişmiş ülkelerde teoride beklenenin tersi, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ise teoride beklenen etkiyle uyumlu etki göstermektedir. Gelişmiş ülkelerde kişi başında düşen gelir, doğumda beklenen yaşam süresi ve şehirleşme oranı en fazla etkiye sahipken, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ise kişi başına düşen gelir ve doğumda beklenen yaşam süresi etkilidir. Ayrıca bulgulara göre, ülkeler arasındaki gelişmişlik farklarından dolayı gelişmiş ülkelerde sağlık harcamalarında kamu ve özel sektör ayrımı belirli bir şekilde görülürken, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ise ağırlıklı olarak kamu sektörü üzerinde artırıcı etki oluştuğu görülmektedir.
A Comparative Study on Foreign Aid and Growth in Six South Asian Countries
Authors: SHAH Bırendra Narayan , HWANG Jinyoung
Published: November 2022

This study empirically examines and compares the impact of foreign aid on growth in 6 South Asian countries: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, using annual data over the period 1980–2019. The empirical results for comparative analysis are based on the methods of variance decomposition and impulse response function. The results show that the impact of foreign aid shock on the growth variation is about 1%–2% in 5 countries and 7.76% in Nepal. This means that the endogenous relationship between foreign aid and growth is not large in 6 South Asian countries. In addition, a foreign aid shock has a positive impact on growth in Bhutan and India, and has a negative impact on growth in other countries. A possible reason for the positive impact in Bhutan and India is that these countries have better governance and transparency than other South Asian countries. Further, the shock of foreign aid on the fluctuation of growth disappears in 2–3 years at the most, suggesting that most foreign aid is ineffectively managed and used for consumer goods. Therefore, it is necessary to improve governance and transparency so that foreign aid can be positively linked to growth, and it is desirable to provide foreign aid in the form of increasing capital goods.
A Novel Engine Vibration Measurement System based on the MEMS Sensor
Authors: BÖĞREK Ahmet , SÜMBÜL Harun
Published: November 2022

Internal combustion engines cause the engine to vibrate with a certain acceleration due to the oscillation of many components and combustion events during operation. The resulting vibrations can give information about the regular operation of the engine or a possible me-chanical failure. For this reason, it is very important to measure and interpret these vibrations in a healthy way.
In this study, a microcontroller-based measurement system was designed and implemented to examine the vibrations of a 4-stroke, 3-cylinder and water-cooled diesel engine at different speeds, under loaded and unloaded conditions. Vibration results for three different measure-ment points at different engine speeds (900,1200,1600,2000,2400,2800 and 3200rpm) were recorded in the data recording system for 60s. The recorded data were filtered by the EMA method and the results were analyzed by the FFT method.
According to the results obtained, it has been determined that there is a close linear rela-tionship between engine speed and vibrations. Results of measurement point 1 (Cylinder head) Higher vibration harmonics were measured compared to measurement points 2 (engine block) and 3 (Flywheel housing). The highest vibrations occurred at 3200rpm under loaded and unloaded operating conditions. As a result; It has been seen that the measurement sys-tem developed using MEMs-based accelerometers can be successfully applied to measure engine vibrations.
Affordances de interacción, emergencia y socialidad en videojuegos con realidad aumentada móvil
Authors: Puente Bienvenido Héctor , Fernández Ruiz Marta , Ruiz Torres David
Published: December 2022

La realidad aumentada móvil ha crecido en popularidad desde el éxito de videojuegos como Pokémon Go (2016). La creciente ubicuidad del videojuego híbrido o aumentado, como dispositivo sociotécnico de mediación de las interacciones y la socialidad, ha dado lugar a la aparición de nuevas formas de prácticas culturales, donde la realidad aumentada, sus contextos y affordances, están permeando progresivamente multitud de espacios, geografías y prácticas lúdicas y cotidianas. En este trabajo aspiramos a idear una taxonomía basada primeramente en una aproximación cuantitativa a partir de una muestra de 41 videojuegos de realidad aumentada móvil y, por otro lado, en un análisis cualitativo consistente en técnicas de observación participante. A partir de este análisis se pretende observar cómo la realidad aumentada, en el contexto del videojuego híbrido para dispositivos móviles, resignifica e incrementa las posibilidades y agencias de interacción y socialidad. Si bien la realidad aumentada en videojuegos para smartphone potencia el carácter socializador del medio, favoreciendo interacciones caracterizadas por la cocreación, la co-espacialidad o la co-presencialidad, paralelamente, también visibilizan y reproducen otras formas de desigualdad y exclusión estructural y hegemónica más amplias; reproducción de marcos, estereotipos e imaginarios colectivos desigualitarios o brechas de acceso que operan como mecanismos de cierre social.
Modeling wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) performance using artificial neural networks: Case of Adana (Seyhan)
Authors: DAĞTEKİN Metin , YELMEN Bekir
Published: November 2022

In this study, performance estimation of biological wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) was made by applying Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques. As material, 355-day data from Adana Metropolitan Municipality Seyhan wastewater treatment plant for 2021 were used. Of the data used, 240 were evaluated as training data and 115 as test data. In the establishment of the ANN model, the daily chemical oxygen demand (COD), daily water flow (Qw) and daily suspended solids (SS) parameters at the entrance of the WWTP were used as input parameters. The daily biological oxygen demand (BOD) parameter was determined as the output parameter. In the study, feed forward back propagation ANN model (FFBPANN) was used to estimate the daily BOD amounts at the entrance of the WWTP. In the statistical analysis, the correlation (R2) values of the input parameters with BOD were found to be 0.906 for COD, 0.294 for Qw and 0.605 for SS. The R2 value was determined as 0.891, the MAE value was 10.32% and the RMSE value was 722.21 in the network structures where the best results were obtained for the test and training data (in the 4-4-1 ANN model). As a result of the study, it was concluded that the ANN model was successful in estimating the BODs of the WWTPs in obtaining reliable and realistic results, and that effective analyzes with the simulation of their nonlinear behavior could be used as a good performance evaluation tool in terms of reducing operating costs.
Composition based on linear-ladder siloxane block copolymer for production of protective coatings with improved physical-chemical properties
Authors:   K.L. Khetagurov North Ossetian State University, Vladikavkaz, 362025, Republic of North Ossetia — Alaniya, Russian Federation, Neyolova O. V. , Kubalova L. M. ,   K.L. Khetagurov North Ossetian State University, Vladikavkaz, 362025, Republic of North Ossetia — Alaniya, Russian Federation, Panova T. A. ,   OP «NIIEM» — Research and Production Center JSC «Central Design Bureau of Special Radio Materials», Vladikavkaz, 362021, North Ossetia-Alania, Russian Federation, Bekmurzova A. S. ,   OP «NIIEM» — Research and Production Center JSC «Central Design Bureau of Special Radio Materials», Vladikavkaz, 362021, North Ossetia-Alania, Russian Federation
Published: November 2022

A one-component organosilicon composition based on a solution of the Lestosil SM-NT block copolymer containing an optimal ratio of linear polydimethylsiloxane and ladder phenylsilsesquioxane units in an organic solvent has been developed. As a curing system, a solution of heterosiloxane containing boron and zirconium atoms in the siloxane chain in alkoxysilane and special additives that improve the performance properties of coatings were used. The composition is intended for production of heat-resistant electrically insulating and moisture-resistant coatings with enhanced physical-chemical properties, used as protective materials in microelectronics and electronic products.
The Area Coverage and People Walkability to Public Minivan Stop in Jembrana
Authors: Suraharta I Made , Pribadi Ocky Soelistyo , Dewi Dewa Ayu Putri Maha
Published: December 2022

Public minivans are now still available in Jembrana. However, it is undeniable that the number of private vehicles escalating and the nodes of transportation not properly functioning have led to a decrease in the use of public minivans. Therefore, it is essential to research the area coverage of passenger bags (the potential area of concentrated passengers) to determine the level of minivan scope based on people's walkability. The present research aims to figure out the factors and the distance that may influence people's walkability (as a ground to determine an area coverage). Some methods of analyzing the data, namely Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), were employed to find out potential factors. The factors became the basis of the analysis in which biner logistic regression was applied to determine the walking distance and the scenario to increase people's walkability. A circular buffer was implemented to decide public minivan stops in terms of passenger bags based on the walking-distance. The result of the research revealed that some factors influenced people to walk: distance, pedestrian facility including sidewalks, crossing facility, plantation along the pavement, and economy including work and wages. The walking distance was 109 meters. Finally, from the analysis of the walking distance using the area of the circle, it was found that the area coverage was 37.340,3 m2.