bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A critical evaluation of three source-critical theories on the basis of an exegetical study of Luke 6
Authors: Wilson Anthony M
Published: September 2023

This dissertation examines three source-critical theories about the relationships between the synoptic gospels: the Griesbach hypothesis, the Two Source hypothesis and the Farrer/Goulder hypothesis. Although there are other hypotheses, these three have been most commonly used by modern scholars to explain the relationships between the synoptic gospels. The Griesbach hypothesis is considered first as it is the oldest of the theories. It also relies on the priority of Matthew which has been the dominant view of the church since patristic times till the end of the 18th century. Although Griesbach is a minority view, it is worth examining and testing because it provides an opportunity to consider the case for the priority of Matthew and of Mark and also because minority views sometimes turn out to be correct. The Two Source hypothesis, the dominant scholarly opinion for well over a century, is considered next. It relies on Markan priority and the supposed lost sayings source known as Q. Thirdly, the more recent Farrer/Goulder hypothesis is examined. While relying on Markan priority, this theory dispenses with the need for the hypothetical source Q. The strengths and weaknesses of each hypothesis are outlined. The three hypotheses are then tested and evaluated by reference to an exegesis of Luke chapter 6. This text has been chosen for four reasons. Firstly, choosing a complete chapter for an exegesis rather than several disparate texts helps reduce the risk of the choice of text being driven by a desire, unconscious or otherwise, to justify one’s presuppositions. Indeed, the chosen chapter contains material that presents difficulties for all three hypotheses. Secondly, the chapter contains both double and triple tradition passages, that is, passages which appear in two or in all three synoptic gospels. Thirdly, by choosing a coherent block of text of reasonable length, it is possible to consider parallels and divergences in wording and order between Luke 6 and its synoptic parallels in Matthew and Mark, thereby helping to test the three hypotheses. Finally, Luke 6 contains both teaching and narrative material. Since Q is thought of as mainly a collection of teachings, it is useful to examine how this relates to the double tradition material in the chapter. In the exegesis, the Griesbach hypothesis proved to be an effective and convincing explanatory resource on so few occasions that its serious limitations are evident. In contrast, the Two Source and Farrer/Goulder hypotheses were found to work adequately much of the time albeit with limitations. The well-recognised ‘minor agreements’ problem with the Two Source hypothesis emerged in dealing with narrative triple tradition passages. The Farrer/Goulder hypothesis worked best with most pericopes and was plausible with others. However, its general rejection of sources other than Mark caused it to appear inflexible and reductive in places. The synoptic problem remains an enigma and a source of conjecture.
The Sovereign State and Fundamental Rights Interface
Authors: Gautam Dilli Raj
Published: September 2023

This article investigates the interface between the sovereign state and fundamental rights with the views of The Social Contract Theory. concept of the sovereign state emerged in response to specific social and economic circumstances of the time. The idea of fundamental rights i s a comparatively new phenomenon in the history of political thinking, and today's constitutions adopt a bill of rights that outlines the legal rights of individuals, which have been prevailing within society for a long time. The Social Contract Theory is a political and philosophical foundation for the modern sovereign state, encompassing major elements of natural rights: life, liberty, and property. This study critically evaluates the topic, applying a theory-driven method and arguing that political power originates from the people, not from the grace of God. Finally, the study provides recommendations on how independent and democratic nations can put these principles into practice.
Menstruation Hygiene Practice Among Adolescent Girls
Authors: Neupane Ishwor Prasad
Published: September 2023

This study was based on menstrual hygiene practises among adolescent girls studying at Yubak Secondary School, Paknajol Ward No. 16, Kathmandu. Unhealthy menstrual hygiene is linked to significant morbidity and mortality due to reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and cervical cancer. This study was based on a descriptive research design. Open-ended and closed-ended questionnaires were used for data collection. The study was among 120 adolescent girls studying in grades 8, 9, and 10. Among them, 21% used to change pads daily, 33% used to change pads twice a day, 33% used to change pads when it got wet, and 13% used to change pads when they felt essential. Regarding the provision of a separate toilet for girls, 96% of adolescent girls said that there was a separate toilet for them. Regarding challenges faced by girls during menstruation at home and school, 38% were facing personal challenges, 38% were facing familial challenges, 8% were facing problems due to superstition, and 16% were found to be affected by sociocultural factors.
A General study of Cesaro sequence spaces with Matrix transformations
Authors: Pokharel Jagat Krishna
Published: September 2023

In this paper, the researcher utilize the non-absolute type of Cesaro sequence space to transform the Cesaro sequence spaces and establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of an infinite matrix in the spaces ℓ∞ and C, respectively. When the sequences x∈X satisfy the condition that the series Σ∞k=1 Xk converges, the sequence space H becomes a non-absolute Banach space that fulfills the fundamental requirements for transforming the Cesaro sequence space Xp into the corresponding spaces of ℓ∞ and all convergent sequences. As a consequence of the matrix transformation, some theorems are derived.
Health and Sanitation Condition of Pregnant Women: A Case of Arghakhanchi District
Authors: Acharya Milan , Bastola Megnath
Published: September 2023

This paper aims to explore the situation of sanitation and changing the behaviour of married Nepalese women of reproductive age (15-49). A concurrent mixed-method (qual-quan) research design was employed in this research under the pragmatism worldview. The data are collected through a questionnaire survey, in-depth interviews, and a transect walk. Arghakhanchi district was selected purposively in this study. Diffusion of innovation theory was applied to understand the factors influencing sanitation and hygiene behavior change. The key research participants were the pregnant women of reproductive age (15-45) in the study. A thematic framework was used to analyze qualitative data, while bivariate analysis was performed to show the association between the background variables of sanitation and the health condition of pregnant women. It was found that most of the women used soap and water for hand washing before each meal and after the toilet. There is the provision of soap at hand washing stations and toilets among the study population. However, sufficient hand washing and toilet facilities were not available and 23% of the women reported being scratchy with the use of soap and water regularly.
Special Education Teachers' Knowledge on Inclusive Education Provision in Nepal
Authors: Neupane Nam Raj , Niure Dhruba Prasad
Published: September 2023

The study aimed to explore the knowledge and awareness of the teachers of special schools regarding the inclusive education policy of Nepal. The study was guided by a qualitative paradigm followed by a descriptive design. Five special schools from Kathmandu Valley were taken as sample schools, of which two were chosen from Kathmandu, two from Bhaktapur and one from Lalitpur districts by the convenience sampling method. Similarly, 15 teachers (three teachers from each school) were selected purposefully. The semi-structured interview protocol was administered to the teachers for collating in-depth information. Teachers were found to lack knowledge of inclusive education policy. Their acquaintance and familiarity with components of the inclusive education policy, such as limited knowledge of disability and structural provision, was found lacking, whereas they were quite familiar with the disabled-friendly environment and the educational rights of students with disabilities. Their knowledge of functional assessment was very poor compared to other components of the policy. Similarly, teachers lack knowledge and understanding of inclusive school culture, as mentioned in the inclusive education policy of Nepal.
Job Satisfaction among Community School Teachers in Kathmandu District
Authors: Basnyat Samjhana
Published: September 2023

The purpose of the study was to find out the job satisfaction of teachers in Kathmandu district. This research was conducted among the population of teachers working in public secondary schools of Kathmandu district, focusing on job satisfaction. This study was based on a cross sectional survey method. To measure the teachers' job satisfaction, the researcher employed the questionnaire developed by him. The reliability and validity of the tool was ensured by the test retest method. The teachers who had been teaching Mathematics, English, Science, Computer and Social Subjects were not found satisfied. Except Nepali and mixed subject teachers, majority of all subject teachers were found neither satisfied nor dissatisfied whereas the majority of Science and Computer teachers' was seen in a satisfied category.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for Online Classes in Economics Education in TU, Nepal
Authors: Pokhrel Rajendra , Pokhrel Anju
Published: September 2023

This study intends to investigate how ICT is used for online economics classes and how students view online learning. This study has used a mixed-methods research approach to accomplish the objective. The quantitative findings from the student survey and the qualitative data gained from the evaluation of key informant interviews have provided a level of understanding. Total 28 students of Master Level Economics Education admitted in Mahendra Ratna Campus, Tahachal were taken for the study to investigate the issues. TU altered its academic calendar and closed physical sessions beginning on March 24, 2020, following the finding of the first case of COVID-19 in Nepal on January 23, 2020, in an effort to limit the impact on students' learning and time. The university then made the decision to switch to an online teaching mode. The objective of this action research is to analyze the role of ICT for online classes, to measure students’ positive and negative reactions regarding online classes, and the problems underlying in online classes. The major findings of the study include infrastructure need to be enhanced for the expansion of ICT Services and use of ICT in education. The majority of students said that their online learning experience was normal and online classes were of good quality. Infrastructure connectivity is deemed to be adequate. Online learning platform is new among teachers and students and met educational needs and maintained regularity. Smart Phones were major device for remote learning.
Students’ Self-Correction: A Strategy for Writing Improvement
Authors: Dahal Betendra Kumar
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this action research is to find out why students are disinterested in writing and implement self-correction technique to motivate them in writing. I purposively selected the participants for this study consisting of 35 students of grade six studying in one of the schools in Surkhet valley. The study was based on Exploratory Action Research (EAR) with mixed-method approach in which I employed questionnaire, discussion and note-copy observation as the tools for data collection. After reviewing the data self-correction technique was taken into action. The result indicates that self-correction technique enables the students’ writing along with motivating and developing their interest in writing. This study encourages the teachers and ELT practitioners to conduct similar studies in other skills of language learning to explore and implement student-centered teaching strategies in the classrooms.
सुर्खेत बहुमुखी क्याम्पस नेपाली शिक्षा शिभागबाट भएका शोधपत्रहरूको शोधक्षेत्र
Authors: शाही Shahi हर्कबहादुर Harkabahadur
Published: September 2023

Available with fulltext.
FROM THE SECTORAL ANGLE TO THE GENERAL RULES OR HOW THE CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES CAUSED BY SPACE OBJECTS INFLUENCED THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAW OF STATE RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY?
Authors: Gubrynowicz Aleksander
Published: September 2023

This article discusses the impact the 1972 Liability Convention exerted upon the further discussion on state responsibility and liability rules within the UN International Law Commission. The question it seeks to answer is the issue of how, and to what extent, its provisions influenced the development of international law on the responsibility of states and international organizations and the institution of international liability of states. Most notably, the present article demonstrates how the Liability Convention served as a reference point for the International Law Commission’s works struggling to codify the general rules of states’ liability. It also examines the factors that, from the mid- 1990s onward, have steadily diminished its role in the ongoing debate and how it finally informed the final shape of the 2006 Draft principles on the allocation of loss in the case of transboundary harm arising from hazardous activities. Furthermore, it analyses the 2001 Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (ARSIWA) and the 2011 Articles on Responsibility of International Organizations (ARIO). With this in mind, it is put forward that the differences mandate strict differentiation between international responsibility and international liability at the theoretical level. Nonetheless, the Liability Convention could furnish patterns based on which, notably, the institution of joint and several responsibility of states and international organizations, respectively, have been modelled. Therefore, it is concluded that the lex specialis and the self-contained character of the regime established under this Convention effectively limit its impact on the development of international regimes of responsibility and liability of states and international organizations. However, they do not eliminate them altogether. Ironically, in practical terms, the Convention marked the 2001 ARSIWA and, indirectly, the 2011 ARIO more decisively than the 2006 Draft Principles, even though the Convention – similar to the DP 2006 – addresses states’ liability, not their responsibility.
SUSTAINABILITY OF SPACE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT – ADDRESSING THE ISSUE OF ORBITAL DEBRIS IN THE CONTEXT OF SPACE LIABILITY
Authors: Buszman Zuzanna
Published: September 2023

The problem of managing space debris is not only an international challenge but also an opportunity to preserve this environment for future space exploration missions. As more countries gain the technology and economic means to launch spacecraft, more focus is being exerted on standardizing the procedures of each country and on adhering to new developing norms under international agreements. Over time, the increasing number of launching states proves that space debris mitigation will have to be coordinated and that preventive measures across all stakeholders – both state and non-state actors – will have to be put in place since if one actor fails to do so, this may inevitably affect all others. The article focuses on the analysis of international space law and policy steps undertaken to tackle environmental pollution in outer space, in particular in terms of accumulation of human-made debris and waste material in the Earth’s orbit and beyond. The aim of the work is to analyse to what extent the international legal framework and policy measures are failing in addressing the emerging issue of debris in outer space and to propose policy recommendations in creating a new specialized international organization along with de lege ferenda conclusions for international space law, especially in the context of possible amendments to the Liability Convention and the Outer Space Treaty.
PROTECTION OF THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AS A PARADIGM FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE LEGISLATION
Authors: Malinowska Katarzyna
Published: September 2023

Managing human activity in outer space requires a mixture of tools, including technology, economics, and law. Though technology and economics are of prime importance, the space sector needs a clear, coherent, and adequately granular regulatory environment that ensures its sustainable development and also serves sustainability on Earth. No doubt the law can be a tool for introducing sustainability into the space sector’s daily life. To serve as such, law should be almost as dynamic and agile as the space activity and space environment. The space law should not only be descriptive, but it should also address new concepts such as in-orbit servicing, asteroid mining, etc. By doing so, it should also embrace the technical aspects of space activities even if they are not mandatory by international law. The lawmakers, especially national legislators, must also not be afraid to tackle new areas. The primary duty of national governments is to enhance safety and minimize risk in all, traditional and emerging space ventures, both in material and financial contexts that do not only directly affect their citizens and their assets, but also the environment, which obviously serve the entire society in an inclusive way and on a long-term basis. The purpose of this paper is to provide a voice in the discussion on the concept of sustainable development of space activities and suitability of the existing space regulatory framework. In order to draw some conclusions, it seems necessary to analyse the notion of sustainability against the existing legal framework, so as to state whether it is still up to date in this respect and whether it may contribute to materializing the sustainable development of the space sector. In particular, it is interesting to consider whether the liability regime, including the notion of damage and prerequisites of claims for compensation as adopted in the Liability Convention may still serve its purpose and answer the needs of the shift in the priorities of space exploration. Finally, I intend to consider the possibility of drawing on principles from other branches of law, including in particular, environmental law and insurance law and practice, in order to build legal mechanisms to implement the demands of sustainable development of space. Thus, among other issues, the topic of space environmentalism as well as the coherence of space and earth sustainability instruments will be analysed.
THE CONCEPT OF LONG – TERM SUSTAINABILITY OF OUTER SPACE ACTIVITIES AND THE INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY OF STATES FOR SPACE ACTIVITIES
Authors: Kuźniar Dagmara
Published: September 2023

The concept of long-term sustainability of outer space activities is based on rational assumptions regarding outer space as a limited resource, which will inevitably shrink in the long term if States do not take appropriate preventive measures. The arguments for this are all the stronger as it concerns a real threat to the safety of space operations, and what is more, to their continuation in the future. The legal status of outer space determines the responsibility of States for the activities of both governmental and non-governmental entities. The UN COPUOS Guidelines for the Long-term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities strongly remind of this. This is an important element of this document, which should be considered not only in the context of liability for damage caused as a result of space activities, but also in the context of liability for violating the principles adopted in the key treaty of international space law, which is the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies of 27 January 1967. The main purpose of this article is to present the assumptions of the concept and, in their light, to refer to its structural treaty connotations in the field of generally recognized international responsibility of the State for space activities. The study is also intended to show workable solutions adopted in national law that implement the COPUOS Guidelines, as a necessary and inevitable direction of national activity of countries wanting to explore and use outer space safely and responsibly.
WHY WAS IT NECESSARY TO APPOINT A DECENTRALIZED AGENCY FOR COHERENT AND SAFE MANAGEMENT OF THE EU SPACE PROGRAMME? COMMENTS ON THE EUSPA’S MANDATE AGAINST OTHER EU AGENCIES
Authors: Kosińska Anna Magdalena
Published: September 2023

The aim of this article is to answer the question of why it was necessary to appoint a specialised decentralised agency for coherent and safe management of the EU Space Programme. This article also analyses the Union’s competences in the area of space policies and investigates the EUSPA’s place in the EU administration system. Finally, the article investigates and presents selected competences of the European Union Agency for the Space Programme (EUSPA) for strengthening EU’s security. This study employs the method of interpretation of the law in force, while EU regulations are subject to a teleological interpretation. The conducted analysis shows that the correctness of the choice of a decentralized agency as an entity responsible for implementing the EU space programme was determined by agencies’ shared features – the fact that they are permanent organs, with legal personality and thus independent as they function outside the Commission’s Directorates. Moreover, agencies affiliate apolitical experts and implement the priority of new public management based on the commercial companies managing model. Thus, the way they operate is more effective and predictable.
Perioperative Management Of Blood Pressure In Living Donor Kidney Transplantation
Authors: AKBUDAK İlknur Hatice , OZGEN Utku , METE Aslı , ÇERİ Mevlüt
Published: September 2023

Delayed graft function (DGF) is a poor clinical prognostic factor in kidney transplantation (KT) which frequently occurs due to acute kidney injury (AKI) within the postoperative first week. It has been encountered in the review of available data that meticulous perioperative hemodynamic management of the patients performed KT may reduce the incidence of DGF
Radiostix
Authors: Zehr Ralph D.
Published: September 2023

This 63-year-old woman was referred to the hospital by her private-physician because of “fluid in the chest”. Her chief complaint was shortness of breath. She had had a mild cough productive of small amounts of yellow sputum with no hemoptysis. She had also been treated for “arthritis” of the left knee and hip for a previous two-year period. Her admission chest x-ray and an AP view of the pelvis obtained three days later are presented.
Mammography — Compiled and Evaluated
Authors: Ty James
Published: September 2023

Mammography is generally considered to be helpful in the differential diagnosis of diseases of the female breast. It can contribute to clinical evaluation; it may help convince women of the need to seek medical attention and allay their fear of needless deformity. Hopefully, it would also be of value in the following of high risk patients: to study the other breast of those who have had a breast removed and in patients with a strong familial background of malignancy.
Selection of Potential Surgical Candidates for Aorta to Coronary Vein Grafts
Authors: Sewell William H. , Jagdish K. R.
Published: September 2023

Sufficient experience is available now for us to be able to predict quite accurately whether grafts will help a patient or whether the chances would be as good or better without surgery. An accurate prediction can be made by considering three factors. These are: (1) whether the patient is classified as high risk or good risk, (2) whether there is a strong, weak, or no arteriographic indication for surgery, and (3) whether there is a strong, weak or no clinical indication.
How to Get into Medical and Dental School
Authors: Shugar Gershon J. , Shugar Ronald A. , Bauman Lawrence
Published: September 2023

Students who are planning to pursue a medical career are distinguished from their fellow college students by the fact that they are encouraged to file all their applications for medical school by the beginning of their senior year, in contrast to filing applications for other graduate schools during the course of their senior year. As a junior with aspirations for a medical career I find myself fervently searching for information that will give me a starting point for acceptance to any medical school. At this point, I feel I need even more basic information than can be received through writing directly to specific schools: what does the actual process of applying to medical schools entail; how do I go about taking the Medical College Admission Test; what would be the influence of my taking a year off after my undergraduate work? How to Get into Medical and Dental School has proved to be a book providing just this type of basic information.
The Impact of Rising Health Costs on Business
Authors: Meyer Ralph H.
Published: September 2023

Why would a hospital administrator be so anxious to talk to a management group regarding the impact of rising health care costs on business? One might think that he would be anxious to avoid this issue in that the position of hospitals and others in the health care industry is difficult to defend. In this day and age, everyone is much concerned about the continued rise in health care costs, and very anxious for someone — anyone — to do something about it. Business is increasingly concerned about the rising costs of health care, because it results in increased costs in the employee benefit package, particularly as employees increase their demands for more health care benefits. Although the employee is extremely concerned about the rising costs of health care, management is more concerned, since they must face the increasing burden of paying for the rising cost of health care. The impact of rising health care costs on business is real, and because it is of great concern to you, as managers in business, I would like to share with you some of the reasons for the rise in health care costs.
المُنعطف الفيزيائي ونظرية التعقد: ما الذي تُخبر به الفيزياء الباحثين في حقل العلاقات الدولية؟
Authors: دلة آمنة مصطفى
Published: September 2023

عنوان الكتاب: مدخل إلى نظرية التعقد في العلاقات الدولية.
المؤلف: محمد حمشي.
سنة النشر: 2021.
الناشر: الدوحة/ بيروت: المركز العربي للأبحاث ودراسة السياسات.
عدد الصفحات: 460.
Spontaneous sequestration on oral mucosa associated with removable retainer
Authors: Abdul Aziz Azrul Hafiz , Chong John Keat Hon , Mohd Sahudi Rahimah
Published: September 2023

A 45-year-old female with Class III incisor relationship on Class I skeletal pattern came to orthodontic specialist clinic after referral from prosthodontic department. She requested to have lower dentition spaces to be closed before dental implant to be fitted. She had upper and lower dentures previously but not quite happy with the aesthetic. She is fit and healthy with diabetes mellitus type 2. Fixed appliance was done on the lower arch as the upper teeth were nicely aligned. Lower retainer was fitted after fixed appliance was removed (debonded). Several week later, she came with the complain of exposed bone on her lingual oral mucosa. The aetiology of sequestration, oral osteonecrosis and the association to diabetes mellitus is discussed in this case report.
Establishing cephalometric norms of upper and lower lips to Rickett’s E-line in the Malay female population of Kuantan city: a pilot study
Authors: Sivagnanam Mangaiyarkarasi , Cheong Joo Ming
Published: September 2023

The purpose of the study was to determine the cephalometric norms of upper and lower lips to the Rickett’s E-line in the Malay female population of Kuantan city, and to compare it with the Caucasian norms. This was a retrospective study involving 40 pre-existing lateral cephalometric radiographs taken from October 2017 to October 2021 of skeletal Class I females of pure Malay ethnic group aged 20 to 40 retrieved from two private dental clinics in Kuantan city of Pahang state, Malaysia (Dr Fatain’s Dental Clinic Taman Tas; Dr Fatain’s Dental Clinic Indera Mahkota 3). These radiographs were hand traced using acetate paper and 0.3 mm leaded propelling pencil on a light view box in a darkened room. The soft tissue outlines and the Rickett’s E-line (from the tip of the nose to the soft tissue chin) were drawn and the distance of the upper and lower lips to this line was measured in mm with a metal ruler. The values were compared with the Caucasian norms [upper lip to E-line: -4 mm; lower lip to E-line: -2 mm (± 2)]. The cephalometric norms of upper and lower lips to the E-line among the Malay females of Kuantan city were -1.3 mm (± 2.0) and 0.19 mm (± 1.9) respectively. This value was significantly different than the norms of the Caucasian population (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the cephalometric norms of upper and lower lips to Rickett’s E-line in the Malay female population of Kuantan city were established: upper lip -1.3 mm (± 2.0) and lower lip 0.19 mm (± 1.9), which were found to be more protrusive than the Caucasian norms.
Molecular docking study of hyaluronic acid against interleukin-6 (7DC8 protein) in COVID-19 patients with periodontitis
Authors: Ismail Ade , Aulia Azhar Syafirudin
Published: September 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new disease caused by a coronavirus, namely SARS-CoV-2. This virus was entered inside the host by angiotensin-converting enzyme receptors (ACE2). Recent evidence suggests that sulcus fluid in the periodontal pockets of patients with periodontitis may be a source of SARS-CoV-2 and a potential reservoir for increasing oral viral load in patients with confirmed COVID-19. ACE-2 is expressed in stratified squamous epithelium mainly on the dorsal tongue and gingiva. The gingival sulcular epithelium is the entry point for SARS-CoV-2 into the periodontal pocket epithelium through the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a high molecule of heavy polysaccharide (glycosaminoglycan) which has several functions, such as anti-inflammatory and accelerated wound healing. It could decrease the levels of several cytokines. This study aims to analyze the interaction of HA against the IL-6 coronavirus receptor in periodontitis through a molecular docking study using MOE 2015.10 software with IL-6 receptor (7DC8) as the protein model to predict the binding of HA with 10 poses. The 7DC8 protein was prepared by adding charge and the validation method was performed with RMSD <2Å which indicates this method is valid. The results of this study showed that there are interaction between HA and the IL-6 receptor via amino acid residue interaction at the Leucine 98 (bond energy -0.7 kcal/mol), Serine 52 (bond energy -1.7 kcal/mol), Glycine 53 (bond energy -1.5 kcal/mol), and Glycine 299 (bond energy -1.6 kcal/mol).  HA has an interaction with coronavirus at the IL-6 receptor of periodontitis based on molecular docking study and can potentially be used as a therapeutic option in COVID-19 with periodontitis. In conclusion, hyaluronic acid has the potential as an anti-inflammatory drug of choice in COVID-19 patients with periodontitis.
Anti-MRSA activity of Stereospermum fimbriatum’s stem bark extracted using subcritical and supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Fadhlina Anis , Sheikh Hassan Ibrahim
Published: September 2023

Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge in healthcare, and this is further worsened by the presence of the dreadful Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. This has urged scientists to find new effective antimicrobial drugs. Earth is enriched with natural resources such as plants that have been used traditionally to cure diseases. Stereospermum fimbriatum or “Chicha” had been used traditionally to treat several illnesses such as stomachache, earache, itchy skin, and postpartum illness. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the antibacterial potential of S. fimbriatum’s stem bark against MRSA. Subcritical (Sub-CO2) and supercritical carbon dioxide (Sup-CO2) extractions were used to extract the stem bark, with and without the addition of co-solvent (ethanol). The antimicrobial assay was carried out using disc diffusion (200, 400 and 600 µg/disc), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests. There was no anti-MRSA activity observed on both the Sub-CO2 and Sup-CO2 extracts without 10% ethanol. The most potent anti-MRSA was observed by the Sup-CO2 extract with 10% ethanol with the MIC value of 500 µg/mL. Therefore, the use of ethanol (10 %) in the extraction increased the antibacterial activity of the S. fimbriatum’s extract against MRSA. These research findings could potentially facilitate future investigations into the utilization of green extraction methods to uncover promising antibacterial agents that can effectively target MRSA, a formidable pathogen. Future studies on the other parts of S. fimbriatum, its potential toxicity, and the possible mechanisms of action are needed to investigate its promising therapeutic values on MRSA infections.
New demand on assembly language proficiency in performing binary reverse engineering tasks
Authors: Amin bin Mohd Salleh Khairol
Published: September 2023

Cybersecurity encompasses a wide field of disciplines and as cyber threat landscape changes, there is a need for tools, techniques and skills to provide safe and secure internet environment. The cyber space industry introduced new roles for reverse engineers, malware analysts, digital forensic experts, exploit engineers, etc which demand the new skill set, and in this context, the proficiency in assembly language programming is highly essential. This paper presents an observation on the training programme for software developers from a software integration company to attain the skills of reverse engineers, application penetration testers as well as application security analysts. In preparing for the new generation of reverse engineers and other new roles that are related to cybersecurity, it would be a good step if assembly language could be taught as a separate programming subject, and it would be highly recommended for higher education institutions to collaborate with the industry to undertake co-teaching in supporting the new roles within the realm of cybersecurity. It has been well observed that being endowed with a working knowledge of developing application from scratch using assembly language would offer a foundation to be a good binary reverse engineer.
Comparison of U-Net’s Variants for Segmentation of Polyp Images
Authors: Ritahani Ismail Amelia , Nisa Syed Qamrun
Published: September 2023

Medical image analysis involves examining pictures acquired by medical imaging technologies in order to address clinical issues. The aim is to increase the quality of clinical diagnosis and extract useful information. Automatic segmentation based on deep learning (DL) techniques has gained popularity recently. In contrast to the conventional manual learning method, a neural network can now automatically learn image features. One of the most crucial convolutional neural network (CNN) semantic segmentation frameworks is U-net. It is frequently used for classification, anatomical segmentation, and lesion segmentation in the field of medical image analysis. This network framework's benefit is that it not only effectively processes and objectively evaluates medical images, properly segments the desired feature target, and helps to increase the accuracy of medical image-based diagnosis.
Provision of optimal dispatching scenarios for regional power systems in the face of uncontrollable power shortages
Authors: Kaplun Viktor , Gai Oleksandr , Stetsyuk Petro , Ivlichev Andrii
Published: September 2023

As of 2023, substantiation of the criteria for optimal load balancing of territorial energy islands in the face of uncontrolled power shortages due to unpredictable failure (destruction as a result of military bombardment) of the upper (trunk) level energy infrastructure is relevant. The research aims to substantiate approaches to ensuring the controlled operation of regional power systems under conditions of power shortages. The study applied the theory and methods of mathematical analysis of complex multicomponent systems in the form of mixed Boolean linear programming. A Mathematical Programming Language and modelling methods of the NEOS server based on the Gurobi solver were used to describe the modes of operation of power grids. A proportional power distribution method between load nodes of the post-emergency network configuration was used to determine the direction of electricity transit with the least losses. An algorithm and a program for solving the problem of addressing flows and power losses in multi-node regional power systems are proposed. The optimisation problem is formulated in the form of a mixed Boolean linear programming model with the criterion of minimising the power momentum, considering balance constraints and upper limits on the power between supply and load nodes. The developed transport matrix made it possible to find the optimal power distribution for emergency and post-emergency modes according to the criterion of minimum network losses. Algorithms and scenarios for the response of dispatching services were formed, considering the capacity of power grids and determining temporary power supply schemes, the configuration of which will ensure the “survivability” of energy islands. The levels of efficiency of the Boolean linear programming model associated with the connectivity of the cycles of the transport problem and the order of traversal of its vertices for test examples depending on the constraints imposed on the components of the network structure are established. The process of tracking electricity flows will allow for establishing routes connecting specific electricity supply nodes with load nodes and determining their shares in covering the energy island’s demand under conditions of power shortage
Remote field monitoring results feasibility assessment for energy crops yield management
Authors: Pasichnik Natalia , Opryshko Oleksiy , Shvorov Sergey , Dudnyk Alla , Teplyuk Viktor
Published: September 2023

Most vegetation indices for UAV data analysis are developed for low-resolution satellite platforms, which requires the use of other monitoring methods and agrochemical measures to accurately determine the state of plantations, considering different stages of vegetation and spectral characteristics. The research aims to develop a methodology for assessing the suitability of remote sensing spectral data for energy crop nutrition management. The study was conducted using winter crops, including wheat and rapeseed. The results for winter wheat for the period from 2017 to 2020 were analysed. Stresses associated with nutrient deficiencies were studied in the fields of long-term stationary experiments at the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. The results obtained from the Slantrange sensor and Slantview software were used. The studies confirmed that the pixel distribution in images of plantations (wheat and winter rape) can be described by a Gaussian distribution. The coefficient of determination for wheat was higher than for rape due to the peculiarities of the plant leaf structure. For rapeseed, a higher coefficient of determination was found for the lognormal distribution, which is not convenient for automating fertilisation processes in precision farming technologies. The analysis of the distribution by spectral channels, in particular the presence of several maxima, may indicate the presence of foreign inclusions or transitional stages of vegetation, which makes such data unsuitable for crop management. It has been established that if, after soil filtration, the maximum amplitude of the distribution exceeds the nearest one by more than 3 times, the growing season can be considered stable for a particular area, and the results of spectral monitoring are reliable for further analysis It has been confirmed that the vegetation indices GNDVI and RNDVI are not effective for assessing the reliability of data based on the standard deviation of the distribution. Reference values of the standard deviation of the distribution can be established at research stations with controlled stress factors, which will help in crop management
Chinese Trans Women in Japan and Their Embodied Search for Gender Identity in the Online–Offline Continuum
Authors: Wang Xinyu Promio
Published: September 2023

This article addresses the intersectionality of digital connectivity, international mobility, gender, and ethnicity among Chinese trans women in Japan. Drawing on interviews with seven interlocutors residing in five prefectures in Japan, it illustrates a rather complex picture regarding how gender identities are interpreted and performed in various ways. Specifically, this article argues that their gender identities reflect their individualistic quests for a sense of wholeness and ontological security when dealing with the tension and fusion between online and offline realities. In this way, their gender identities are spatially realized and ultimately linked with and shaped by the movement of the queer body across different online and offline locations.
Book Reviews
Authors: Huang Shu-Mei , Kaul Adam , Singh Dhan Zunino
Published: September 2023

Yujie Zhu, Heritage Tourism: From Problems to Possibilities (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021), 126 pp. £17.00.

John J. Bodinger de Uriarte and Michael A. Di Giovine, eds., Study Abroad and the Quest for an Anti-Tourism Experience (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2021), Xviii +364 pp. $125.00.

Maria Alice de Faria Nogueira and Camila Maria dos Santos Moraes, eds., Brazilian Mobilities (New York: Routledge, 2020), 204 pp., 26 illus. $128.00.
PREVALENCE, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF TRAUMATIC STOMATITIS
Authors: Marchenko A.V.
Published: September 2023

The most complex pathology in therapeutic dentistry is oral mucosal disease (OMD). When diagnosing them, a dentist must meet a high professional level, have sufficient knowledge of diseases of other organs and systems of the body, and clearly determine the relationship between etiological factors. The search for modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic stomatitis remains relevant.

The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of primary traumatic stomatitis, search for modern methods of their diagnosis, prognosis and treatment tactics in a clinic of therapeutic dentistry.

The work was performed based on the analysis of data from the annual reports of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of PSMU on research and medical work, consultation journals for 8 years (2013/2020). The diagnosis of "traumatic stomatitis" was established on the basis of the classification of diseases of the SOPR by Professor P.T. Maksimenko (1998).

According to the results of the analysis, it was found that the teachers of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry saw 3582 patients with OSD pathology, which was 6.5% of the total number of patients. Traumatic stomatitis associated with the action of a mechanical factor was the most common. The modern approach to treatment included elimination of the traumatic factor, anesthesia, antiseptic treatment; in mild cases, the use of keratoplastic drugs, and in deeper cases, anti-inflammatory gels and ointments. To prevent secondary infection of the lesions, it is recommended to use oral baths with antimicrobial agents.

Thus, traumatic stomatitis is not a severe pathology of the OSRD. In most cases of such diseases, the prognosis is favorable, but in the chronic course of the disease, with prolonged trauma, complications arise and without the intervention of a dentist, the prognosis may be unfavorable, so it is necessary to exercise cancer prevention.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ROOT CANAL MICROBIOTA IN ACUTE PULPITIS OF TEMPORARY TEETH
Authors: Klitynska O.V. , Zorivchak T.I. , Krychak R.Y.
Published: September 2023

Aims. To determine the representatives of the microbiota of the root canals seeded in acute forms of pulpitis of temporary teeth among children of the Transcarpathian region, taking into account the endemic features of the Transcarpathian region and its influence on the course of the carious process.

Materials and methods. Collection of biomaterial was carried out using transport tubes with Amies transport medium. The biomaterial was delivered to the laboratory within 2-4 hours after selection. In order to evaluate the microbiota of the root canals, cultivation of biomaterial was carried out on differential diagnostic nutrient media. The material was sown by the method of sector sowing according to Gold: Saburo for the cultivation of microscopic mushrooms; blood agar (MPA + 5% blood) Streptococcus and Neisseria bacteria; bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae Endo and Levin; yolk-salt agar with mannitol bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus; enterococcus agar for isolation of enterococci (Farmaktiv, Ukraine). Additionally, the biomaterial was sown on a chromogenic medium (bioMerieux, France). Microorganisms were identified by cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics using API-test systems (bioMerieux). The results of the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the microbiota of the oral cavity were expressed in CFU/ml.

Results and discussion. Today, in the daily practice of a dentist, among issues of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dental diseases, the study of the microbiota of the oral cavity, which is a collection of different taxonomic groups of microbes that inhabit the oral cavity and enter into biochemical, immunological and other relationships with macroorganism and each other.

At the same time, the microbial landscape of the oral cavity is represented by two types of microbiota: obligate, that is, one that is constantly present in the oral cavity and is mainly saprophytic, and provides metabolic processes and the function of protecting the body from virulent infectious agents, and facultative, which is represented opportunistic microorganisms, which, when immune protection is reduced, acquire aggressive properties and contribute to the development of diseases [1].

Conclusion. Opportunistic bacteria play a significant role in the development of inflammatory diseases. Considering the fact that pulpitis is an inflammatory reaction caused by the activity of opportunistic microflora, the study of the characteristics of the microbiota of root canals is relevant, which will help to improve the selection of antiseptic agents for medicinal treatment of root canals in order to obtain positive delayed treatment results.