bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organic Aerosols in the Presence of CO2 in the Early Earth and Exoplanets: UV–Vis Refractive Indices of Oxidized Tholins
Authors: Gavilan Lisseth , Broch Laurent , Carrasco Nathalie , Fleury Benjamin , Vettier Ludovic
Published: October 2017

In this experimental study we investigate the role of atmospheric CO2 on the optical properties of organic photochemical aerosols. To this end, we add CO2 to a N2:CH4 gas mixture used in a plasma typically used for Titan studies. We produce organic thin films (tholins) in plasmas where the CO2/CH4 ratio is increased from 0 to 4. We measure these films via spectrometric ellipsometry and apply a Tauc–Lorentz model, used for optically transparent materials, to obtain the thickness of the thin film, its optical band gap, and the refractive indices in the UV–visible (270–600 nm). All samples present a significant absorption band in the UV. According to the Tauc–Lorentz model, as the CO2/CH4 ratio is quadrupled, the position of the UV band is shifted from ∼177 nm to 264 nm while its strength is quadrupled. Consequently, we infer that oxidized organic aerosols absorb more efficiently at longer UV wavelengths than reduced aerosols. Our laboratory wavelength-tabulated UV–vis refractive indices provide new constraints to atmospheric models of the early Earth and Earth-like exoplanets including photochemical hazes formed under increasingly oxidizing conditions.
The Dependence of Galaxy Clustering on Stellar-mass Assembly History for LRGs
Authors: Montero-Dorta Antonio D. , Pérez Enrique , Prada Francisco , Rodríguez-Torres Sergio , Favole Ginevra , Klypin Anatoly , Fernandes Roberto Cid , Delgado Rosa M. González , Domínguez Alberto , Bolton Adam S. , García-Benito Rubén , Jullo Eric , Niemiec Anna
Published: October 2017

We analyze the spectra of 300,000 luminous red galaxies (LRGs) with stellar masses

from the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). By studying their star formation histories, we find two main evolutionary paths converging into the same quiescent galaxy population at

. Fast-growing LRGs assemble 80% of their stellar mass very early on (

), whereas slow-growing LRGs reach the same evolutionary state at

. Further investigation reveals that their clustering properties on scales of ∼1–30 Mpc are, at a high level of significance, also different. Fast-growing LRGs are found to be more strongly clustered and reside in overall denser large-scale structure environments than slow-growing systems, for a given stellar-mass threshold. Our results show a dependence of clustering on a property that is directly related to the evolution of galaxies, i.e., the stellar-mass assembly history, for a homogeneous population of similar mass and color. In a forthcoming work, we will address the halo connection in the context of galaxy assembly bias.
On the Chemical Mixing Induced by Internal Gravity Waves
Authors: Rogers T. M. , McElwaine J. N.
Published: October 2017

Detailed modeling of stellar evolution requires a better understanding of the (magneto)hydrodynamic processes that mix chemical elements and transport angular momentum. Understanding these processes is crucial if we are to accurately interpret observations of chemical abundance anomalies, surface rotation measurements, and asteroseismic data. Here, we use two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of the generation and propagation of internal gravity waves in an intermediate-mass star to measure the chemical mixing induced by these waves. We show that such mixing can generally be treated as a diffusive process. We then show that the local diffusion coefficient does not depend on the local fluid velocity, but rather on the wave amplitude. We then use these findings to provide a simple parameterization for this diffusion, which can be incorporated into stellar evolution codes and tested against observations.
High-energy Neutrino Emission from Short Gamma-Ray Bursts: Prospects for Coincident Detection with Gravitational Waves
Authors: Kimura Shigeo S. , Murase Kohta , Mészáros Peter , Kiuchi Kenta
Published: October 2017

We investigate current and future prospects for coincident detection of high-energy neutrinos and gravitational waves (GWs). Short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) are believed to originate from mergers of compact star binaries involving neutron stars. We estimate high-energy neutrino fluences from prompt emission, extended emission (EE), X-ray flares, and plateau emission, and we show that neutrino signals associated with the EE are the most promising. Assuming that the cosmic-ray loading factor is ∼10 and the Lorentz factor distribution is lognormal, we calculate the probability of neutrino detection from EE by current and future neutrino detectors, and we find that the quasi-simultaneous detection of high-energy neutrinos, gamma-rays, and GWs is possible with future instruments or even with current instruments for nearby SGRBs having EE. We also discuss stacking analyses that will also be useful with future experiments such as IceCube-Gen2.
L’ostracisme. Avancées scientifiques sur la thématique d’une menace quotidienne
Authors: Cursan Anthony , Pascual Alexandre , Félonneau Marie-Line
Published: October 2017

Cet article présente une revue de littérature des principaux travaux sur l’ostracisme (le fait d’être exclus ou ignoré) parus ces vingt dernières années. D’une manière générale, les résultats sont très concordants sur le fait que l’ostracisme constitue une menace des besoins d’appartenance, de contrôle, de maintien d’une estime de soi élevée et d’être reconnu comme existant de manière significative. Il peut conduire à un sentiment de douleur, à des comportements inadaptés et, s’il devient chronique, à un sentiment d’aliénation et d’impuissance acquise. Cet article présente également l’effet de plusieurs variables dispositionnelles et situationnelles pouvant modérer la menace induite par l’ostracisme. Enfin, nous proposons une réflexion sur les différents résultats présentés en matière d’applicabilité.
L’apprenti sorcier
Authors: Soriano Paul
Published: October 2017

Quatre figures de l’autorité s’incarnent dans nos dirigeants ou nos institutions politiques. Chaque régime, à chaque époque, les met en scène, et chaque révolution redistribue les rôles à sa manière. Qu’en est-t-il aujourd’hui ?
Globish Glossaire
Authors: Schmelk Clara , Huyghe François-Bernard , de Biasi Pierre-Marc , Huyghe François-Bernard
Published: October 2017

Les anglicismes en économie, technologie, mode, etc., traduisent un rapport culturel aussi transatlantique qu’asymétrique : les mots viennent de là-bas. Le vocabulaire politique suit. On peut s’en amuser ; ainsi, « la composition du gouvernement sera annoncée plus tard » peut se traduire par «   On pushe la deadline de management team building mais ce ne sera pas impactant sur le time to market . » Plus sérieusement, les emprunts de notre langue de pouvoir au globish refléteront ce que devient le pouvoir autant que ce que devient la langue. Le recours à des vocables présumés manquer en français traduit souvent des pratiques récentes – qu’il s’agisse d’un terme technique dont on découvre l’impact politique, ou concept produit par un think tank U.S., donc vite internationalisé – de nouvelles façons d’influencer. Ainsi, quand posttruth era est consacré « mot de l’année 2016 », nous savons que tout ce qui pense sur nos rives va conceptualiser la soudaine indifférence de l’opinion aux critères de l’authenticité et de la vérification. Bref glossaire pour les start-uppers de la nouvelle politique.
La poïétique d’Étienne Souriau
Authors: Conte Richard
Published: October 2017

Ce texte fait d’abord l’histoire très méconnue de l’Institut d’Esthétique d’Étienne Souriau qui s’est prolongé dans les années soixante-dix avec les recherches poïétiques de René Passeron et aujourd’hui avec l’Institut ACTE dont l’acronyme illustre bien des préoccupations concernant à la fois l’art, la création, les sciences de l’art et l’esthétique. De fait, après Valéry, Souriau a fortement contribué à féconder la poïétique tout en restant fondamentalement du côté de l’ Aisthèsis. Aussi, Passeron, reprenant à son compte la terminologie de Souriau, place t-il la notion d’ instauration (qui peut faire débat) au centre du dispositif poïétique. Par ailleurs Souriau procède aussi à une clarification des concepts aristotéliciens dont il montre qu’ils font système dans l’analyse de la création et de la réception des œuvres. Ses études des modes d’existence , de « la notion d’œuvre » et de la correspondance des arts demeurent des clefs indispensables pour l’analyse du faire créateur.
La vie comme œuvre d’art
Authors: Domenicali Filippo
Published: October 2017

Étienne Souriau a développé une philosophie originale de l’Instauration enracinée dans une nouvelle anthropologie de la création : l’homme est conçu comme l’ animal instaurateur . Il a développé systématiquement cette intuition fondatrice en explorant ses enjeux à l’intérieur de trois domaines principaux : l’instauration artistique (l’art étant le genre le plus pur de l’instauration, il constitue le modèle pour les autres), l’instauration philosophique, et enfin ce qu’il a appelé « l’instauration de soi ». Ce dernier domaine instauratif a été thématisé dans un cours public que Souriau a donné à Lyon en 1929-1930, qui s’intitulait justement L’esthétique et l’art de vivre . La vie constitue donc une matière à partir de laquelle on peut donner une forme (forme-de-vie) et qui peut devenir ainsi, en elle-même, œuvre . Mais – on pourrait se demander – de quelle forme s’agit-il ? Souriau répond que la vie peut être matière, tour à tour prenant des formes pythagoriques, dynamiques, skeuologiques et psycho-esthétiques . Il faudrait aussi considérer la notion d’ œuvre . L’œuvre d’art, précise Souriau, doit être considérée, en elle-même à l’instar d’une personne – c’est-à-dire comme un être plurimodal, qui rassemble en soi et synthétise plusieurs niveaux existentiels à la fois. Selon l’ontologie développée dans Les Différents Modes d’existence enfin, le plus haut but de l’existence doit être celui d’un devenir sur-existentiel , visant à se dépasser en transcendance, la vie devenant ainsi vie sublime . On pourrait donc soutenir que, selon Souriau, la vie peut devenir une œuvre d’art, et l’œuvre d’art est une forme-de-vie .
Étienne Souriau et la danse, rencontres (manquées ?)
Authors: Basselier Lætitia
Published: October 2017

Si la danse est peu présente dans l’œuvre esthétique d’Étienne Souriau, celui-ci a entretenu des liens étroits avec certains penseurs de la danse de son temps. En 1965, il écrit deux préfaces consacrées à la danse, et la danse occupe une place importante dans le Vocabulaire d’esthétique qu’il dirige. Ces textes demandent à être replacés dans leur contexte institutionnel et théorique, ce qui nécessite de remonter jusqu’aux années 1920-1930. Plus largement se pose la question des relations entre la philosophie esthétique et la danse (notamment la danse classique).
Corps réel – corps imaginaire
Authors: Cady Sylvie
Published: October 2017

Les thèmes de la pathologie et de la création seront abordés à partir de la clinique. La base de cette élaboration créative sera la dynamique entre corps réel et corps imaginaire.
Observation clinique dans le cadre d’une thérapie psychosomatique
Authors: Karroum Nayla
Published: October 2017

Comment se fait-il qu’un enfant signalé asthmatique par ses parents ne présente aucun signe visible à l’école ? L’espace scolaire n’est pas dans l’impasse maternelle et évite l’allergie, alors que l’espace familial renvoie à une impasse dans la relation maternelle : lorsqu’il y a banalisation des affects, un attachement fusionnel à la mère et les crises d’asthme apparaissent dans cette relation double à la mère. L’allergie peut s’inscrire dans une organisation familiale qui ne permet pas de triangulation. Cette observation montre le lien entre la vie émotionnelle et la pathologie clinique allergique qui se constitue dans la relation. La thérapeutique en psychosomatique relationnelle a placé l’enfant devant sa problématique d’impasse relationnelle et identitaire, dans un espace où la thérapeutique du corps de l’espace et de la relation a acquis ses représentations par l’imaginaire.
Le dispositif « Plus de maîtres que de classes » : un dispositif professionnalisant ?
Authors: Magogeat Quentin
Published: October 2017

Le dispositif « Plus de maîtres que de classes » prévoit l’affectation d’un maître supplémentaire dans certaines écoles afin d’aider les équipes enseignantes à mieux prévenir les difficultés scolaires et à y remédier. À partir de l’étude de la mise en place de ce dispositif dans quelques écoles, l’article vise à comprendre les effets du travail en binôme dans la classe sur leur métier. Dans un contexte marqué par l’incitation au travail collectif, l’étude s’attache à saisir si ce dispositif peut, et dans quelle mesure, être un cadre propice à la professionnalisation des enseignants. Trois dimensions sont ainsi abordées : la question du temps, la visibilité du travail des enseignants lorsqu’ils sont deux dans la classe et enfin l’importance de « lever les implicites » et de « se mettre en retrait » pour les enseignants impliqués dans ce dispositif.
Beneficial effects of a probiotic blend on gastrointestinal side effects induced by leflunomide and amlodipine in a rat model
Authors: Song S.-C. , An Y.-M. , Shin J.-H. , Chung M.-J. , Seo J.-G. , Kim E.
Published: October 2017

Patients with metabolic disorders frequently suffer from side effects induced by long-term oral medications. The present study using a rat model system indicated that leflunomide (LF) and amlodipine (AMD), the active ingredients contained in the medications for rheumatoid arthritis and hypertension, respectively, appeared to induce various bowel problems including constipation and inflammation. In the small and large intestine, LF increased the expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 compared to the null control and AMD increased the expression of both TNF-α and IL-1β, although its effect on IL-6 was only increased in the large intestine. It is noteworthy that the probiotic blend tested was found to alleviate intestinal complications caused by LF and AMD. Analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that AMD induced compositional changes in the gut microbiota. Namely, members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, which constituted only about 0.3% of the microbiota in the null control, made up more than 10% of the total composition in the AMD-administered rats. Interestingly, the probiotic blend was also found to normaliSe the gut microbiota.
Beneficial effects of carotenoid-producing cells of Bacillus indicus HU16 in a rat model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome
Authors: Crescenzo R. , Mazzoli A. , Cancelliere R. , Bucci A. , Naclerio G. , Baccigalupi L. , Cutting S.M. , Ricca E. , Iossa S.
Published: October 2017

A well-established rat model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome was used to evaluate the effects of the oral administration of spores or cells of HU16, a carotenoid-producing strain ofBacillus indicus. Symptoms of metabolic syndrome were induced in 90-days old, male Sprague-Dawley rats maintained for eight weeks on a high-fat diet, as previously reported. Parallel groups of animals under the same diet regimen also received a daily dose of 1×1010cells or spores ofB. indicusHU16. Cells of strain HU16 were able to reduce symptoms of metabolic syndrome, plasma markers of inflammation and oxidative markers in plasma and liver to levels similar to those observed in rats under a standard diet. HU16 cells did not affect obesity markers or the accumulation of triglycerides in the liver of treated animals. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the oral administration of HU16 cells did not significantly affect the gut microbiota of high fat-fed rats, suggesting that the observed beneficial effects are not due to a reshaping of the gut microbiota but rather to metabolites produced by HU16 cells.
Students' Perceptions of a Poem to Evaluate Learning: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Saunders Mitzi M. , Kowalski Sonya L. , Weathers Suzanne
Published: October 2017

Background:

How best to use poetry in nursing education remains uncertain. This study explored students' perceptions of incorporating a poem into a final examination to evaluate learning in an advanced physical assessment course.

Method:

Qualitative design and method were used to collect and analyze data retrieved from private interviews with seven graduate nursing students.

Results:

The themes were Being There, Think More, and Feeling Rushed. Students recommended the strategy as a measure of learning because it simulated a real patient encounter and made them think at a deeper level than other traditional approaches used to evaluating learning.

Conclusion:

Poetry might engage nursing students in thinking critically and compassionately and be closer in touch with real-time nursing care than other traditionally used methods to evaluate nursing practice. More research is needed to validate poetry's best fit in nursing curricula. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(10):628–632.]
Les signes expressifs corporels de la conversation par vidéoconférence
Authors: Bouyssi Christophe , Marquet Pascal
Published: October 2017

Nous nous intéressons aux rencontres interculturelles, telles qu'elles adviennent avec l'usage de dispositifs de communication numériques formant un espace double, celui de la classe et celui à distance. Nous prenons pour objet l'usage de la vidéoconférence de groupe à groupe afin d'étudier la façon dont les apprenants d'une classe de français langue étrangère construisent et coordonnent une conversation avec un groupe de locuteurs de la langue-cible. Dans une perspective interactionniste (Goffman, Traverso, Cicurel), nous envisageons la conversation comme un polylogue et une activité à la fois sociale et didactique, et analysons uniquement les interactions non verbales, proxémique et gestuelle, afin de mieux en faire ressortir la dynamique de l'échange. L'étude montre que l'engagement des apprenants dans la conversation fait de la classe de langue un espace d'apprentissage dynamique où l'échange actif est rythmé par la collaboration et la compétition.
Chemical-physical characteristics of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) meat subjected to different aging times
Authors: Luz Patrícia Aparecida Cardoso da , Jorge André Mendes , Francisco Caroline De Lima , Mello Juliana Lolli Malagoli de , Santos Carolina Toledo , Andrighetto Cristiana
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different aging times on the meat characteristics from young Murrah buffaloes slaughtered at 20–24 months of age (experiment I; n=10) and Murrah buffalo heifers slaughtered at 32-36 months of age (experiment II; n=10), with the purpose of determining the best aging time to tenderize meat from both experiments. Samples of the longissimus thoracis muscle from buffaloes slaughtered at each age were aged for 7, 14, and 21 days (0±1°C). After this period, analysis of cholesterol, pH, cooking loss, shear force, myofibrillar fragmentation index, meat color, and fatty acid profile was performed. Aging greatly improved the tenderness (p < 0.05) but caused a change in color (p < 0.05), which, even without difference between the treatments for subjective perception of the color (ΔE; p > 0.05), was considered very noticeable to the human eye. Furthermore, aging reduced the polyunsaturated fatty acids (p <0.05) and did not affect the levels of cholesterol (p > 0.05) in the meat of young buffalo and buffalo heifers of advanced age. Based on the evaluated meat characteristics, concludes that seven days of aging are sufficient for older buffalo heifers, but 21 days of aging are required for the younger male group.
The Cooperative Role of CD326+ and CD11b+ Dendritic Cell Subsets for a Hapten-Induced Th2 Differentiation
Authors: Cho Yuri , Kwon Dohyeong , Kang Suk-Jo
Published: October 2017

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in directing immune responses. Previous studies have identified a variety of DC subsets and elucidated their context-dependent functions that parallel those of effector Th cell subsets. However, little is known about the DC subsets responsible for differentiation of Th2 cells governing allergic contact dermatitis. In this study, we sought to determine the DC subset(s) that mediate Th2 priming in hapten-sensitized mice. We induced hapten-specific Th2 differentiation by sensitizing the mice with a single application of FITC dissolved in acetone:dibutyl phthalate, and traced the immune cells responsible for inducing the Th2 differentiation process at the primary stimulation, enabling us to track Th2 priming in vivo and to delete basophils and specific DC subsets. Our analysis revealed that IL-4 was produced in vivo as early as day 3 from CD4+ T cells with a single application of FITC. Basophils, despite producing IL-4 1 d earlier than T cells, were found to be dispensable for Th2 differentiation. Instead, we demonstrated that CD326+ dermal DCs and Langerhans cells were redundantly required for FITC-induced Th2 differentiation in vivo. Moreover, the cooperation of CD326+ Langerhans cells and CD11b+ DCs differentiated naive T cells into Th2 cells in vitro. Collectively, our findings highlight at least two DC subsets that play a critical role in polarizing naive CD4+ T cells to Th2 cells and support a two-hit model for Th2 differentiation.
Interaction of Neutrophils with Macrophages Promotes IL-1β Maturation and Contributes to Hepatic Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Sadatomo Ai , Inoue Yoshiyuki , Ito Homare , Karasawa Tadayoshi , Kimura Hiroaki , Watanabe Sachiko , Mizushina Yoshiko , Nakamura Jun , Kamata Ryo , Kasahara Tadashi , Horie Hisanaga , Sata Naohiro , Takahashi Masafumi
Published: October 2017

Accumulating evidence suggests that IL-1β plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of hepatic ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, the mechanism by which I/R triggers IL-1β production in the liver remains unclear. Recent data have shown that neutrophils contribute to hepatic I/R injury independently of the inflammasomes regulating IL-1β maturation. Thus, we investigated the role of neutrophils in IL-1β maturation and tissue injury in a murine model of hepatic I/R. IL-1β was released from the I/R liver and its deficiency reduced reactive oxygen species generation, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses, such as inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine expression, thereby resulting in reduced tissue injury. Depletion of either macrophages or neutrophils also attenuated IL-1β release and hepatic I/R injury. In vitro experiments revealed that neutrophil-derived proteinases process pro–IL-1β derived from macrophages into its mature form independently of caspase-1. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of serine proteases attenuated IL-1β release and hepatic I/R injury in vivo. Taken together, the interaction between neutrophils and macrophages promotes IL-1β maturation and causes IL-1β–driven inflammation in the I/R liver. Both neutrophils and macrophages are indispensable in this process. These findings suggest that neutrophil-macrophage interaction is a therapeutic target for hepatic I/R injury and may also provide new insights into the inflammasome-independent mechanism of IL-1β maturation in the liver.
NFAT1 Regulates Systemic Autoimmunity through the Modulation of a Dendritic Cell Property
Authors: Chae Chang-Suk , Kim Gi-Cheon , Park Eun Sil , Lee Choong-Gu , Verma Ravi , Cho Hagg-Lim , Jun Chang-Duk , Yoo Yung Joon , Im Sin-Hyeog
Published: October 2017

The transcription factor NFAT1 plays a pivotal role in the homeostasis of T lymphocytes. However, its functional importance in non-CD4+ T cells, especially in systemic immune disorders, is largely unknown. In this study, we report that NFAT1 regulates dendritic cell (DC) tolerance and suppresses systemic autoimmunity using the experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) as a model. Myasthenia gravis and EAMG are T cell–dependent, Ab-mediated autoimmune disorders in which the acetylcholine receptor is the major autoantigen. NFAT1-knockout mice showed higher susceptibility to EAMG development with enhanced Th1/Th17 cell responses. NFAT1 deficiency led to a phenotypic alteration of DCs that show hyperactivation of NF-κB–mediated signaling pathways and enhanced binding of NF-κB (p50) to the promoters of IL-6 and IL-12. As a result, NFAT1-knockout DCs produced much higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α, which preferentially induce Th1/Th17 cell differentiation. Our data suggest that NFAT1 may limit the hyperactivation of the NF-κB–mediated proinflammatory response in DCs and suppress autoimmunity by serving as a key regulator of DC tolerance.
Human CD22 Inhibits Murine B Cell Receptor Activation in a Human CD22 Transgenic Mouse Model
Authors: Bednar Kyle J. , Shanina Elena , Ballet Romain , Connors Edward P. , Duan Shiteng , Juan Joana , Arlian Britni M. , Kulis Michael D. , Butcher Eugene C. , Fung-Leung Wai-Ping , Rao Tadimeti S. , Paulson James C. , Macauley Matthew S.
Published: October 2017

CD22, a sialic acid–binding Ig-type lectin (Siglec) family member, is an inhibitory coreceptor of the BCR with established roles in health and disease. The restricted expression pattern of CD22 on B cells and most B cell lymphomas has made CD22 a therapeutic target for B cell–mediated diseases. Models to better understand how in vivo targeting of CD22 translates to human disease are needed. In this article, we report the development of a transgenic mouse expressing human CD22 (hCD22) in B cells and assess its ability to functionally substitute for murine CD22 (mCD22) for regulation of BCR signaling, Ab responses, homing, and tolerance. Expression of hCD22 on transgenic murine B cells is comparable to expression on human primary B cells, and it colocalizes with mCD22 on the cell surface. Murine B cells expressing only hCD22 have identical calcium (Ca2+) flux responses to anti-IgM as mCD22-expressing wild-type B cells. Furthermore, hCD22 transgenic mice on an mCD22−/− background have restored levels of marginal zone B cells and Ab responses compared with deficiencies observed in CD22−/− mice. Consistent with these observations, hCD22 transgenic mice develop normal humoral responses in a peanut allergy oral sensitization model. Homing of B cells to Peyer’s patches was partially rescued by expression of hCD22 compared with CD22−/− B cells, although not to wild-type levels. Notably, Siglec-engaging antigenic liposomes formulated with an hCD22 ligand were shown to prevent B cell activation, increase cell death, and induce tolerance in vivo. This hCD22 transgenic mouse will be a valuable model for investigating the function of hCD22 and preclinical studies targeting hCD22.
CD8+ T Cells Prevent Lethality from Neonatal Murine Roseolovirus Infection
Authors: Patel Swapneel J. , Yokoyama Wayne M.
Published: October 2017

A recently described mouse homolog of the human roseoloviruses, murine roseolovirus (MRV), causes loss of peripheral and thymic CD4+ cells during neonatal infection of BALB/c mice. Despite significant disruptions to the normal adaptive immune response, infected BALB/c mice reproducibly recover from infection, consistent with prior studies on a related virus, mouse thymic virus. In this article, we show that, in contrast to published studies on mouse thymic virus, MRV appears to robustly infect neonatal C57BL/6 (B6) mice, causing severe depletion of thymocytes and peripheral T cells. Moreover, B6 mice recovered from infection. We investigated the mechanism of thymocyte and T cell loss, determining that the major thymocyte subsets were infected with MRV; however, CD4+ and CD4+CD8− T cells showed increased apoptosis during infection. We found that CD8+ T cells populated MRV-infected thymi. These CD8+ T cells expressed markers of activation, had restricted TCR repertoire, and accumulated intracellular effector proteins, consistent with a cytotoxic lymphocyte phenotype and suggesting their involvement in viral clearance. Indeed, absence of CD8+ T cells prevented recovery from MRV infection and led to lethality in infected animals, whereas B cell–deficient mice showed CD4+ T cell loss but recovered from infection without lethality. Thus, these results demonstrate that CD8+ T cells are required for protective immunity against a naturally occurring murine pathogen that infects the thymus and establish a novel infection model for MRV in B6 mice, providing the foundation for detailed future studies on MRV with the availability of innumerable mutant mice on the B6 background.
Combustion Heat Meter
Authors: Magonski Zbigniew
Published: October 2017

In Memoriam—In memory of Dr. Zbigniew Magonski, a talented electronic engineer and inventor, was born in Glubczyce, Poland in 1950 and passed away in Cracow, Poland in 2017. He received M.Sc. degree in Solid State Technology from the Technical University of Wrocław, Poland in 1973, and PhD degree from the AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland in 2000. For 15 years, he was with the R&D Center for Hybrid Microelectronics, Cracow Poland. At that time, his interest was focused on hybrid A/D, D/A converters also on DC HV power converters. Later, for 28 years, he was with the Department of Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland. His research interests covered ceramic microfluidic systems, hydrocarbon combustors, and high-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. In 1994–1995, he was with Summit Technology, Massachusetts, involved in a project relating to HV supplying of excimer lasers. He was a member of IMAPS US Chapter, the author of 13 patents and almost 50 technical papers connected with electronic technology. He was a caring husband and father and a good friend of many of us. We will miss you, Zbyszek.

This article presents a proposal of a thermal instrument intended for the evaluation of heat energy of fluid fuels. Two thermal devices the flow meter and the combustor are the basic components of the instrument. The meter maintains a constant temperature in the vicinity of the combustion zone. The amount of heat energy in the fuel is calculated as the ratio of the electric power change expressed in Watts to the change of fuel supply delivered to the combustor within a time period of 1 s. The method enables a direct evaluation of fuel energy expressed in Joules per unit of mass or volume. For some applications, the meter may be a good alternative for a bulky bomb calorimeter.
Experimental Analysis of a Voice-Coil-Driven Jetting System for Micrograms Fluid Depositions in Electronics Assembly
Authors: Iyer Rajiv L. , Santos Daryl L.
Published: October 2017

The fundamental ability to drive automatically to independent locations and deposit controlled masses of electronics packaging adhesives makes dispensing an attractive solution in the electronics assembly. The existence of modern technology such as smartphones, wearable devices (watches, glasses, etc.), and tablets have led to tightly spaced, and high-density component packaging which further causes complex designs in the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) assembly. Advancements in dispensing technology because of these growing challenges in assembly has led to use of jetting systems in this new arena. The process of jetting, unlike traditional dispensing, has the ability to deposit controlled masses of packaging adhesives (also known as packaging fluids) at tightly spaced locations with high accuracy and high speed and at much higher deposition heights from the substrate. In this article, a voice-coil-driven jetting system is studied to assess the capability of jetting micrograms of electronics packaging fluids. The article presents experimental analyses to study jetting of micrograms of fluid droplets. Critical input factors are evaluated using a split-plot design of experiment (DOE) model to understand their significance in governing the responses. The responses studied in this work are the following: mass per droplet, dot diameter, and dispense quality. The applied DOE model will assist in developing prediction models to determine the optimal combination of factors in achieving desired responses.
Die gewonde God: ’n Teologies-etiese besinning, veral vanuit Khoisan-perspektief
Authors: Boezak Willa
Published: October 2017

This article presupposes the right of the faithful to pose critical questions about God. God-concepts cannot be distanced or freed from ideology. In the Hebrew Scriptures, the reflection on Jahwe and Elohim are mostly influenced by Israel’s exodus experience. The liberating God becomes a theme that legitimises their faith, but is ultimately coloured by their patrarchal Sitz im Leben. For black theologians, the image of God as the Liberator stands foremost as the Crucified. This has clear connections with Western thinking such as that of Jürgen Moltmann. The ancient native people of southern Africa developed a consciousness regarding a Higher Being through many years, eventually integrating it into their holistic worldview. God’s involvement in human suffering plays a significant role in all of these expressions of faith. The different views of God as the transcendant, yet involved God, should be revisited within the context of our current society characterised by human suffering, chronic poor communities, gaping inequality and increasing corruption. The theological-ethical question is whether the Khoisan people’s view of a wounded God is more suitable to help faithful people to engage with the world in a meaningful way.
Film as medium for meaning making: A practical theological reflection
Authors: Cloete Anita L.
Published: October 2017

The reflection on film will be situated within the framework of popular culture and livedreligion as recognised themes within the discipline of practical theology. It is argued that theperspective of viewers is of importance within the process of meaning-making. By focusing onthe experience and meaning-making through the act of film-watching the emphasis is not somuch on the message that the producer wishes to convey but rather on the experience that iscreated within the viewer. Experience is not viewed as only emotional, but rather that, at least,both the cognitive and emotional are key in the act of watching a film. It is therefore arguedthat this experience that is seldom reflected on by viewers could serve as a fruitful platform formeaning-making by the viewer. In a context where there seems to be a decline in institutionalisedforms of religion, it is important to investigate emerging forms of religion. Furthermore, theturn to the self also makes people’s experiences and practices in everyday life valuableresources for theological reflection. This reflection could provide a theoretical framework forespecially empirical research on how film as specific form of media serves as a religiousresource and plays a role in the construction of meaning and religious identity.
Ethical challenges in assessment centres in South Africa
Authors: Muleya Vuyani R. , Fourie Linda , Schlebusch Sandra
Published: October 2017

Orientation: Assessment Centres (ACs) are used globally for the selection and development of candidates. Limited empirical evidence exists of the ethical challenges encountered in the use of ACs, especially in South Africa (SA).Research purpose: Firstly, to explore possible ethical challenges related to ACs in SA from the vantage point of the practitioner and, secondly, to search for possible solutions to these.Motivation for the study: Decisions based on AC outcomes have profound implications for participants and organisations, and it is essential to understand potential ethical challenges to minimise these, specifically in the SA context, given its socio-political history, multiculturalism, diversity and pertinent legal considerations.Research design, approach and method: A qualitative, interpretative research design was chosen. Data were collected by means of a semi-structured survey that was completed by 96 AC practitioners who attended an AC conference. Content analysis and thematic interpretation were used to make sense of the data. The preliminary findings were assessed by a focus group of purposively selected subject-matter experts (n = 16) who provided informed insights, which were incorporated into the final findings. The focus group suggested ways in which specific ethical challenges may be addressed.Main findings: The findings revealed many ethical challenges that can be better understood within a broad framework encompassing 10 themes: Universal ethical values; multicultural global contexts; the regulatory-legal framework for ACs in SA; characteristics of the assessor; psychometric properties of the AC; characteristics of the participant; bias and prejudice; governance of the AC process; ethical culture of the employer organisation and the evasive nature of ethics as a concept.Practical and managerial implications: Considerable risk exists for the unethical use of ACs. An awareness of possible areas of risk may assist AC stakeholders in their search for ethical AC use.Contribution or value-add: The study may contribute to an evidence-based understanding of the ethical aspects of ACs. The recommendations may also benefit all AC stakeholders who wish to use ACs ethically.
Leader–member exchange fosters work engagement: The mediating role of job crafting
Authors: Radstaak Mirjam , Hennes Ayla
Published: October 2017

Orientation: The right balance between job demands and job resources are essential for employees to bring energy and enthusiasm to work. Employees who experience high-quality relationships with their supervisors may actively craft their job demands and job resources and feel more engaged.Research purpose: The current study examined the associations between leader–member exchange (LMX), job crafting and work engagement. Motivation: This study attempts to gain more insight in the associations between LMX, job crafting and work engagement. It was hypothesised that high-quality relationships with supervisors fosters work engagement because it stimulates employees to craft their jobs by increasing social and structural job resources and challenging job demands and by decreasing hindering job demands.Research approach, design and methodology: Participants (N = 402) working for a leading mail and parcels company in the Netherlands completed questionnaires measuring LMX, work engagement and job crafting. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the hypotheses.Main findings: Increasing social job resources (β = 0.01, SE = 0.00, p < 0.001) and increasing challenging job demands (β = 0.08, SE = 0.04, p < 0.05) were significant mediators in the association between LMX and work engagement. Increasing structural job resources (β = 0.00, SE = 0.00, p = 0.92) and decreasing hindering job demands (β = -0.00, SE 0.00, p = 0.09) were not significant mediators.Practical and managerial implications: Supervisors who are capable of building high-quality relationships with their employees based on trust, respect and loyalty will foster a positive, fulfilling work-related state of mind among employees because they are more willing to proactively craft a challenging and resourceful work environment.Contribution or value-add: The findings of this study showed the importance of high-quality relationships with supervisors and were unique in examining the association between LMX and job crafting.
Thrombosed giant “True” posterior communicating artery aneurysm treated by trapping and thrombectomy
Authors: Mochizuki Yuichi , Kawashima Akitsugu , Yamaguch Koji , Okada Yoshikazu
Published: October 2017

Giant “true” posterior communicating artery (PCOM) aneurysms are rare and the best surgical treatment for them is unclear. We present a case of 85-year-old woman with this type of lesion, 35 mm in diameter, successfully treated by trapping and thrombectomy via pterional approach without complications. There were no perforating arteries originating from the aneurysmal wall. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course. The key for successful treatment for such lesions is preservation of perforators, as trapping may result in ischemic complications. However, our case indicates that trapping and thrombectomy might have relatively low risks for development of such complications, supposing that the thrombosis within the giant “true” PCOM aneurysm induced spontaneous obliteration of perforators, arising from the aneurysmal dome, and that collateral flow from the posterior cerebral artery already compensated the corresponding territories.
Scrotal migration of tubing: An unusual complication after ventriculo-peritoneal shunt
Authors: Bawa Monika , Garge Saurabh , Garg Ravi , Narasimha Rao Katragadda
Published: October 2017

Scrotal migration of peritoneal end of ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt into the patent processus vaginalis (PPV) is a rare complication. Its exact incidence is not mentioned in the literature till date. This may be because of the rarity of this complication, and also because all previous articles related to the complication were case reports. We, in our series, had an incidence of 0.9%. This prospective study has been conducted on 437 patients in the age group of 1 month–3 years who underwent VP shunt for hydrocephalus over a period of 5 years from 2007 to 2011. The incidence of a hernia manifesting after shunt insertion has been reported to be around 16.8%. The average age of patients at the time of insertion of the shunt was 27.25 months (3–48 months). All our patients presented with swollen right sided scrotum after an average of 4 months (3–5 months) after shunt insertion. Shunt migration was more common on the right which is consistent with the incidence of hernias in children. The proper management of such cases includes repositioning of the catheter with the proper closure of the PPV. Usually, shunt revision is not required. We discuss the etiology, treatment and preventive measures of this rare entity.
Conus medullaris arachnoid cyst presenting as cauda equina syndrome
Authors: Sharif Salman , Afsar Afifa , Qadeer Mohsin
Published: October 2017

Intradural arachnoid cysts are a rare cause of spinal cord and nerve root compression. Primarily, they are present in the thoracic region posteriorly. We report a 25-year-old man who had an intradural arachnoid cyst at the level of conus medullaris presenting with cauda equina syndrome, which is very rare.
Occipital intraparenchymal myxopapillary ependymoma: Case report and literature review
Authors: Mewada Tushit , Bishnoi Ishu , Singh Hukum , Singh Daljit
Published: October 2017

Myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE) is a histological variant of ependymoma found in the conus medullaris or filum terminale region. Intracranial occurrence of the tumor is a rarity. The most characteristic histological feature of myxopapillary tumors is the abundance of intercellular and perivascular mucin and the arborizing vasculature, which tends to form papillae. We are reporting a 14-year-old patient presented with seizures caused by the right occipital region intraparenchymal lesion. Histopathology confirmed it to be MPE. Lesion was excised completely. Literature reviews on the topic are discussed regarding the histological findings, natural history, and outcome of surgically treated MPE. This is the fifth reported case of cerebral intraparenchymal primary MPE.
Open C2 vertebroplasty: Case report, technique, and review of literature
Authors: Shetty Sathwik , Ganigi Praveen , Mandanna Bopanna
Published: October 2017

Osteolytic lesions of C2 are challenging pathologies to manage. Vertebroplasty, a minimally invasive technique has been widely used in lytic lesions of thoracic and lumbar spine. However, there has been limited experience with percutaneous vertebroplasty at C2, and the procedure is technically difficult. We describe a safer alternative technique of open vertebroplasty for lytic lesions involving the axis. Methods: The procedure was performed in a 49-year-old male with a metastatic lytic lesion involving the body and dens of C2 using an anterior cervical approach. The patient had an immediate reduction in pain with complete pain relief at 2 weeks and good stability at 3-month follow-up. The patient did not have any perioperative or postoperative complications. The anterior cervical approach open C2 vertebroplasty is a safe and effective option in the management of C2 osteolytic lesions.
Multicompartmental primary spinal extramedullary tumors: Value of an interdisciplinary approach
Authors: Bettaswamy Guruprasad , Ambesh Paurush , Kumar Raj , Sahu Rabi , Das Kuntal , Jaiswal Awadhesh , Srivastava Arun , Behari Sanjay
Published: October 2017

Background: Primary extramedullary tumors involving multiple compartments around the spine are a technically demanding group of tumors whose extent traverses beyond the normal confines of those anatomical regions which fall in the common domain of neurosurgeons. In the following series, we present 12 patients who were diagnosed with primary spinal extramedullary tumors with multicompartmental extension, and whose surgical management was facilitated by a combined multidisciplinary approach involving surgeons of other superspecialties. This multidisciplinary assistance from the inception to the culmination of surgical management helped in achieving a better surgical removal, thereby resulting in better surgical outcomes. Materials and Methods: Twelve consecutive patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria in the 5-year period (January 2010 to January 2015) were included in the series based on the radiological and pathological characteristics of the tumor. Depending on the site of the spine involved by the lesion, radiologists and surgeons were involved from the planning phase of the surgical management, and their assistance in procedures such as preoperative embolization/ureteric stenting was sought whenever was deemed necessary. The extent of resection and total blood loss was recorded meticulously. Regular follow-up (3, 6, and 12 months and 2 and 5 years) of the patients was done after the initial follow-up at 6 weeks and their disability scores were recorded. Results: Of the 12 cases (6 males and 6 females), sacrum was the most common location of the tumors (6). Histopathologically, giant-cell tumors, schwannomas, and chondrosarcomas (3 each) were most common followed by Ewing's sarcoma (2) and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (1). Eight patients had functional status of McCormick scale 1 and two patients had a functional status of 2. One patient was lost to follow-up and one patient died during surgery. Conclusion: Judicious involvement of access surgeons and adjunct therapies along with careful preoperative planning can help in improving surgical outcome in multicompartmental spinal tumors.
Intraoperative anatomical and hemodynamic analysis of intracerebral arteriovenous malformations by semi-quantitative color-coded indocyanine green videoangiography
Authors: Kato Yoko , Yamada Yasuhiro , Sadato Akiyo , Nouri Mohsen , Cherian Iype , Tanaka Teppei , Inamasu Joji
Published: October 2017

Objective and Background: To evaluate possible roles for indocyanine green (ICG)-based FLOW 800 software in surgical treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Methods: We perform ICG videoangiography several times for each step of AVM resection to elucidate feeders, drainers, and cerebral perfusion. Results: Since 2010, 22 AVM surgeries in our department have been conducted using FLOW 800 intraoperatively. We demonstrated ICG angiograms, color-coded images, and semi-quantitative curves for AVMs. By reviewing all these modalities, we would define vascular structure of the AVM, proceed with resection, and finally recheck for any remnant. Conclusions: ICG FLOW 800 software helps the surgeon to recognize feeding and draining vessels of an AVM intraoperatively. Further studies to evaluate semi-quantitative acquired data regarding blood flow and tissue perfusion are warranted.