bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3XFlag-pATn5 Protein Purification and MEDS-loading (5x scale, 2L volume) v1
Authors: Bryson Terri , Henikoff Steven
Published: November 2019

Here we describe the method used to purify and load pATn5 for CUT&Tag, https://www.protocols.io/view/bench-top-cut-amp-tag-z6hf9b6/abstract. This protocol was modeled after that in Picelli et al (Picelli et al., 2014) using the pTXB1-rbs_3XFlag-pATn5-FL plasmid available from Addgene: https://www.addgene.org/124601/. It yields, as written, used at 1:200 dilution in CUT&Tag reactions, and for future use, both of which should be stored at -20C and can easily be scaled down.
In vitro testing of guide RNA efficiency for CRISPR-mediated genome editing v1
Authors: Holalu Srinidhi , Fang Angela , Blackman Benjamin
Published: November 2019

In CRISPR-mediated genome editing, guide RNAs (gRNAs) serve to target the Cas9 nuclease to an intended target genomic locus. Many gRNAs are not efficient in facilitating Cas9-mediated cleavage by introduction of double-strand breaks. Therefore, after designing possible gRNA sequences via web-based tools, it is critical to assess their cleavage efficiency at the target locus and identify the most efficient gRNA(s) in vitro before deploying in binary plasmids for genome editing in planta.
A városrehabilitáció korszakai Magyarországon: Az állam szerepe marginális városi terek (újra)termelésében
Authors: Jelinek Csaba
Published: November 2019

A városrehabilitációnak nevezett közpolitikai eszköz az 1970-es évek végi megjelenése óta egyre növekvő súllyal van jelen a hazai városfejlesztés eszköztárában. Bár maga a fogalom az elmúlt öt évtized során nem változott, maga a városrehabilitációs gyakorlat jelentős mértékben átalakult. Jelen cikk ezt az átalakulást vizsgálja négy jelentős korszakon keresztül: az államszocializmus 1970-es évektől kezdődő kései szakaszában; az 1990-es évtizedre és a 2000-es évek elejére jellemző, vállalkozói ethoszra épülő „liberális” korszakban; a 2000-es évek közepétől kialakuló EU-s források által fémjelzett periódusban; illetve a 2010 óta jellemző „autoriter” korszakban. Egy rövid, a városrehabilitáció kialakulását, definícióját, és más fogalmakhoz való viszonyát tisztázó elméleti bevezető részt követően a különböző korszakokban az állam marginális terek (újra)termelésében betöltött változó szerepét két szempontból elemzem. Az első szempont az állami döntéshozatal léptékeinek, illetve az állami intézményeknek a globális folyamatok függvényében történő szerkezetváltozása. A második szempont a városrehabilitáció eszközének változó funkciói a fenti szempont kontextusában. Végezetül a cikk konklúziójában a két szempont viszonyának, azaz az állam városrehabilitáción keresztül zajló tértermelő funkciójának a különböző korszakokon átívelő változásait fogom bemutatni.
térbeli-társadalmi egyenlőtlenségek és újratermelésük az alapfokú oktatás hazai rendszerében
Authors: Velkey Gábor
Published: November 2019

A tanulmány a társadalmi-térbeli egyenlőtlenségek alakulását és újratermelését az oktatás-tanulás-képzés-nevelés rendszerén keresztül közelíti kiemelt figyelmet fordítva az állam (központi, helyi) szerepére és szerepkörei változásainak következményeire. Megközelítésünk szerint a globális gazdaság térbeli leképeződései, a regionális, nemzeti intézményi keretek, gyakorlatok és a helyi-térségi társadalmi hatások egymással szorosan összefonódva jelennek meg a konkrét szereplők konkrét helyekhez kötődő mindennapi cselekvéseiben. Elemzéseink során ezért tudatosan „alulnézetből” közelítjük a jelenségeket, ahogy azok érzékelhetővé válnak az emberek és közösségeik számára, és ahogy helyben alakítják, befolyásolják tevékenységüket. A tanulmány egy 2014−2018 között három magyarországi településen folytatott empirikus kutatás tapasztalatait foglalja össze, melyben az iskolai szelekció és szegregáció jelenségét igyekeztünk megérteni, feltárva annak legfontosabb okait és következményeit.
„Államosított tértermelés” a kiszorítottak perspektívájából egy dzsentrifikálódó városrészben
Authors: Timár Judit
Published: November 2019

A tanulmány célja, hogy a jelenlegi magyarországi városrehabilitáció/dzsentrifikáció okozta társadalmi-térbeli kiszorítás tanulmányozásával hozzájáruljon a társadalmi viszonyok, elsősorban az állam és a kiszorításnak kitettek viszonyának megértéséhez. Ehhez a dzsentrifikációt s az ehhez kapcsolódó kiszorítást a Lefebvre-i felfogásban vett tértermelésként értelmezve, azokat a tőke globális újratermelési folyamata, valamint a globális urbanizmus szerves részének tekinti s egy győri esettanulmány segítségével vizsgálja. Az alkalmazott szemléletben a dzsentrifikáció (városrehabilitáció) hatására átalakuló tér sokkal szélesebb értelmezést kap magánál a dzsentrifikálódó városrésznél, részévé válnak a kiszorítottak megélt (konkrét) tereit is. E tértermelés megismerésének érdekében az aktuálisan zajló dzsentrifikáció tanulmányozása mellett fontos szerepet kap egy korábbi termelési módban (az államszocializmusban) kezdődött, szlamosodásként leírható előzmények számbavétele, a kutatott terület korábbi és mai lakói megélt tereinek az önkormányzat elgondolt terével összevetett vizsgálata. A tanulmány a mellett érvel, hogy az ily módon érintett kiszorítottak és az állam viszonya felől szemlélve − a Győrben is érzékelhető új gazdasági, államszervezési kontextusban – a mai Magyarországon egyfajta „államosított tértermelésről” beszélhetünk.
Figuration as Participation. Notes on Álvaro Siza's Architecture as Representation
Authors: Colonnese Fabio
Published: November 2019

Although in the wake of the Modern Movement tradition, Álvaro Siza Vieira's architectural research moves along the thin red line between abstraction and representation. The apparent arbitrariness of some of his compositions, widely analyzed in typological and social key, is primarily an expression of his attention to the moving subject that never translates into illusory devices. Yet, in the last two decades of the 20th century, anthropomorphic and zoomorphic presences began to haunt his architectures, addressing to new meanings. The keys to understanding this phase of Siza's creative trajectory reside in his hypertrophic graphic activity, in his production as a designer and, most of all, as a sculptor. On one hand, his sketches reveal the tension and negotiation between architecture body and human body, which to some extent constitute the extremes of his formal investigation. On the other hand, his objects and sculptures result as intermediate moments of experimentation and clarification by responding the ergonomic demands through the semantic economy of objet trouvée. Through them, Siza's architectural anthropomorphism can be interpreted as a moment of transition towards an architecture parlant, which relies on the connotative participation of people to put in scene no longer figures or characters but interactions and feelings: the opportunity of a meeting.
Dimensions of Use
Authors: Fannon David , Laboy Michelle , Wiederspahn Peter
Published: November 2019

Dimension”the measure of extent”is the technical means and manifestation of human use embedded in architecture. Beginning in the enlightenment historic, proportional relationships between humans and architectural dimension evolved into precise measurements, becoming by the modern era indicators of efficiency, performance, and standardization. Today, the architectural dimension has become deterministic; driven by stringent codes, standards, and benchmarks tied to building program. Divorced from their originating logics and consequences on human occupation, the dimensional standards and requirements abstract people into loads or clearances: separating buildings from human experience and use. Examining dimension's entanglement with practice and technology to provide shelter for human use illuminates the ways architecture has been thought about and the ways it is used over time. By tracing the changing concepts, metrics, standards, and technologies of architectural measurement, this article reveals the sometimes overlooked or disconnected values and considerations of use in the theory of architectural technology. This research points towards critical approaches to design based on human use, reframing building performance towards an architectural dimension of inhabitation; one that avoids standardization and reasserts human users as the measure of building.
The Outside In
Authors: McIntosh Jacqueline , Marques Bruno , Palmer Madeleine , Ujung Verarisa
Published: November 2019

Degradation of ecosystem services, scarcity of resources and the erosion of the planet's capability to absorb waste is of immediate concern. This situation is novel in its speed, its global and local scale and its threat to the planet and its people. Inspired by the recent discourse of the Anthropocene, this paper explores the convergence of human and nature as they confront generative and destructive forces in two distinctly different settings. Using a case-study approach, this paper adopts the cyborg landscape as a conceptual framework to address the interconnectedness of systems, and scale and poetic brief to accommodate the environment while supporting the needs of our contemporary society. By using nature's generative capacities as well as its destructive tendencies and by blurring the disciplinary boundaries between interior architecture and landscape architecture, this paper considers two different locations in New Zealand: a post-industrial site on Auckland's urban waterfront and a remote active volcanic site located on White Island. It finds opportunity to examine intensified inhabitation through acts of immersion and extraction in the "new normal” where nature's interrelated systems and the artifice of the Anthropocene create innovative and dynamic possibilities. It concludes that the creation of a link between natural processes and responsive technologies can provide solutions to address the complexity of climate change.
Analysis and Simulation of Dynamic Vision in the City
Authors: Xu Fang
Published: November 2019

This paper proposes a computer-aided Dynamic Visual Research and Design Protocol for environmental designers to analyze humans' dynamic visual experiences in the city and to simulate dynamic vision in the design process. The Protocol recommends using action cameras to collect massive dynamic visual data from participants' first-person perspectives. It prescribes a computer-aided visual analysis approach to produce cinematic charts and storyboards, which further afford qualitative interpretations for aesthetic assessment and discussion. Employing real-time 3D simulation technologies, the Protocol enables the simulation of people's dynamic vision in designed urban environments to support evaluation in design. Detailed contents and merits of the Protocol were demonstrated by its application in the Urbanscape Studio, a community participatory design course based at Watertown, South Dakota.
The Universal Factory
Authors: Rogan Kevin
Published: November 2019

Critical data studies have made great strides in bringing together data analysts and urban design, providing an extensible concept which is useful in visualizing the role of local and planetary data networks. But in the light of the experience of Sidewalk Labs, critical data studies need a further push. As smart cities, algorithmic urbanisms, and sensorial regimes inch closer and closer to reality, critical data studies remain woefully blind to economic and political issues. Data remains undertheorized for its economic content as a commodity, and the political ramifications of the data assemblages remain locked in a proto-political schema of good and bad uses of this vast network of data collection, analysis, research, and organization. This paper attempts to subject critical data studies to a rigorous critique by deepening its relationship to the history thus far of Sidewalk Labs' project in Quayside, Toronto. It is broken into sections. The first section discusses the material reality of Kitchin and Lauriault's (2014) data assemblages and data landscapes. The second section investigates data itself and what its ‘inherent' value means in an economic sense. The third section looks at the way the understanding of data promoted by the data assemblage effects smart city design. The fourth section examines the role of the designer in shepherding this vision, and moreover the data assemblage, into existence.
KREATYWNOŚĆ W ŚWIETLE TEORII UCZENIA SIĘ MUZYKI E. E. GORDONA
Authors: Bonna Beata
Published: November 2019

W artykule zaprezentowano najważniejsze założenia teorii uczenia się muzyki E. E. Gordona dotyczące rozwijania kreatywności poprzez improwizację, która jest najdoskonalszym przejawem myślenia muzycznego. Skupiono się w nim na opisaniu pojęć związanych z kreatywnością, twórczością oraz aktywnością twórczą. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono
charakterystyce twórczości i improwizacji muzycznej, rodzajów improwizacji oraz metod jej kształtowania, jak również sposobów pomiaru i oceny. W polskiej rzeczywistości edukacyjnej twórczość i improwizacja nie zajmują należnego im miejsca. Wskazania wynikające z założeń
gordonowskiej teorii uczenia się muzyki mogą stanowić ważny punkt odniesienia do ich szerszego uwzględnienia w systemie edukacji muzycznej w polsce.
Literacko-teologiczno-retoryczny kontekst solowych kompozycji wokalnych w wymiarze edukacyjnym
Authors: Stępniak Zbigniew
Published: November 2019

Autor, jako muzykolog, w swoim badaniach zajmuje się teologiczno-retoryczną analizą barokowych kompozycji wokalnych, pisanych na niski bas, oraz literackim kontekstem pieśni, które wykonuje. Jako wykonawca (bas, basso-profondo) w swoim repertuarze ma pieśni religijne i świeckie, arie operowe oraz dzieła oratoryjno-kantatowe obejmujące okres od wczesnego baroku do współczesności. Jako ksiądz katolicki często sam organizuje swoje recitale wokalne, przygotowuje słowo wprowadzające, nawiązując przy okazji do prowadzonej pracy badawczej. Koncerty te ze względu na ściśle określone grupy odbiorców (dzieci szkolne, młodzież akademicka, osoby dorosłe, w tym słuchacze uniwersytetu Trzeciego Wieku), formę prowadzenia oraz określony repertuar, przybierają formę edukacyjną. Materiał badawczy do niniejszego artykułu stanowią programy wybranych koncertów autora, zapis nutowy wykonywanych utworów wraz z tekstami, wyniki badań własnych (publikacje) nad twórczością wybranych kompozytorów (Nowowiejskiego i Moniuszki), teologiczno-retoryczne rozprawy autora na temat niektórych wykonywanych przez niego kompozycji barokowych na niski bas. Metodę badawczą artykułu określić można jako eksplorację własnej działalności koncertowej, programów koncertów oraz sposobów ich prowadzenia, a także analizę literacką i historyczną wybranych kompozycji w szeroko pojętym wymiarze edukacyjnym uwzględniającym różne grupy wiekowe słuchaczy. Muzyka, w szczególności muzyka wokalna, ma uczyć, wychowywać, uwrażliwiać, zarówno poprzez wartości, które posiada sama w sobie, jak też poprzez kontekst religijny, literacki, historyczny czy patriotyczny. Tego chce dowieść autor, wskazując na formy edukacji w zakresie innych dziedzin (teologia, literatura, historia, wychowanie patriotyczne) poprzez własną działalność koncertową.
Warsztat twórczy jako metoda edukacji artystycznej na wydziałach nieartystycznych.
Authors: Cabak Marcin Emil
Published: November 2019

W artykule podjęto problematykę zastosowania warsztatu twórczego jako metody dydaktycznej w edukacji artystycznej na wydziałach nieartystycznych. W pierwszej części analizowane jest na podstawie literatury pojęcie warsztatu twórczego jego geneza, historia,
umiejscowieni w przestrzeni sztuki, oraz dylematy związane z zastosowaniem go w warunkach wydziałów innych niż artystyczne. drugą część stanowi opis przeprowadzonych w warunkach nieartystycznej uczelni wyższej działań warsztatowych. Trzecia zawiera wnioski. W części
czwartej prezentowane są przykładowe wytwory powstałe w czasie warsztatu.
Effect of herbal combination of triphala and Garcinia cambogia extracts on liver function test and kidney function test in high fat diet induced obesity in rats
Authors: A. N. Vijay Kumar , Thawani Vijay , Hingorani Lal
Published: November 2019

Background: Obesity, a global epidemic, is a major risk factor for diabetes mellitus and cardio vascular diseases. Despite advances, the pharmacotherapy for obesity remains limited. Almost all medications for long term management of obesity have health issues. Due to the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with many antiobesity medicines, the clinical trials are focussing on screening herbal medicines for use in the treatment of obesity, which have minimal ADRs.Methods: Rats were divided into eight groups of six each. The rats were first made obese by feeding high fat diet (HFD) for three weeks. Then treatment with the herbal extracts was given simultaneously with the HFD to the experimental groups. Rats were fed HFD for six weeks along with herbal extracts and the effect on their liver function test and kidney function test were evaluated.Results: The rats fed HFD and supplemented with herbal preparations of Triphala and G. cambogia for six weeks, showed significant improvement in liver function test and kidney function test related parameters as compared to the control group rats fed with HFD alone.Conclusions: Triphala and G. cambogia can counter the effects of HFD intake and have the potential for use as anti-obesity agents with desirable liver function test and kidney function test related parameters modulating properties.
Evaluation of alloxan on induction of diabetes in albino rats
Authors: . Soni , Mishra A. N.
Published: November 2019

Background: Alloxan-induced diabetes model is used as a “study tool” to elucidate the pathophysiology of the disease and much more as a “search engine” for antidiabetic compounds with better therapeutic characteristics. It was the first agent used in the category of chemically induced diabetes to create a model of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Other chemicals being streptozocin, dexamethasone, insulin antibodies-induced diabetes.Methods: Albino rats were divided into four groups with ten rats in each group. Alloxan monohydrate 2%, solution which was dissolved in 0.9% of sodium chloride (normal saline) as a diluent and given intraperitoneally to rats and blood glucose estimation made by using glucometer. Total 40 albino rats were taken and divided into 4 groups. 10 rats receiving normal saline were grouped as Group A, 10 rats received alloxan at a dose of 150 mg/kg as Group B, 10 rats received alloxan at a dose of 160 mg/kg as Group C and 10 rats received alloxan at a dose of 170 mg/kg as Group D.Results: Highest rate of mortality and alopecia were noted in group D receiving alloxan at a dose of 170 mg/kg whereas highest percentage of fluctuation in fasting blood glucose range was seen in group C receiving alloxan at a dose of 160 mg/kg.Conclusions: Such unpredictable response shows that alloxan is not ideal drug for induction of diabetes in experimental animal. Mortality, fasting blood glucose returning to non-diabetic range and alopecia are the chief drawbacks.
A study on the aspects of pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacohaemovigilance of ferrous ascorbate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous sulphate and ferric ammonium citrate, among the rural anaemic women, in the Indian spectrum
Authors: Hazra Moumita
Published: November 2019

Background: Anaemia is a global health concern, associated with increased maternal and perinatal mortality, preterm delivery, low birth weight, extreme fatigue and impaired immune system; and controlled by oral haematinics; with a rise in haemoglobin concentration. The objective was to examine the various aspects of pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacohaemovigilance of oral haematinics, among the anaemic women population, in rural India.Methods: This was a multi-centre, retrospective, observational and analytical study of the hospital medical records of 250 anaemic patients, who were allocated into group A of 125 patients within 15-21 years and group B of 125 patients within 22-35 years. The patients were prescribed oral haematinics, containing 60 mg of elemental iron, thrice daily, with meals. The various aspects of pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacohaemovigilance of ferrous ascorbate, ferrous sulphate, ferrous fumarate and ferric ammonium citrate, including patients’ demographic characteristics, anaemic symptoms assessment, prescription patterns, and safety assessment, on 1st, 2nd, 3rd months and follow-up visits, were recorded and thoroughly analysed..Results: In groups A and B, the demographic characteristics of the patients were comparable; ferrous ascorbate was the most commonly prescribed oral haematinic, followed by ferrous sulphate, ferrous fumarate and ferric ammonium citrate, which controlled mild to moderate iron deficiency anaemia, with a gradual significant rise in haemoglobin concentration, in the successive 3 months; and adverse effects were observed to be statistically non-significant in either group.Conclusions: The different aspects of pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacohaemovigilance in the study established that the oral haematinics were reasonably beneficial and safe among the anaemic women population, in rural India.
Lefamulin: novel pleuromutilin drug for community acquired bacterial pneumonia
Authors: Dubey A. P. , Maggo Sachin , Karan Awanish , Singh N. K. , Bhaskaran Sreya
Published: November 2019

The advent and spread of antimicrobial resistance has led to a global public health emergency necessitating development of new antimicrobial drugs. Community acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) contributes a major portion of societal burden with increasing morbidity due to evolution of drug resistant strains. Lefamulin is a novel pleuromutilin antibiotic with unique mechanism of action through inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to the peptidyl transferase center of the 50s bacterial ribosome. The drug displays activity against Gram positive and atypical organisms associated with CABP (i.e., Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Legionella pneumophila, and Chlamydophila pneumoniae), with an expanded Gram-positive spectrum including Staphylococcus aureus (i.e., methicillin-resistant, vancomycin-intermediate, and heterogeneous strains). Lefamulin is available in both intravenous (IV) and per oral (PO) formulation, exhibits high nonlinear plasma protein binding with low unbound concentrations, higher concentrations in lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) than in plasma, and a half-life of approximately 10 hour. The recommended IV dose is 150 mg twice daily over 1 hour or a PO dose of 600 mg twice daily. Most common adverse drug reactions injection site reactions, hepatic enzyme elevation, nausea, diarrhoea, hypokalemia, insomnia, and headache. Clinical trials for lefamulin have been positive and Phase 3 data suggest similar efficacy when compared to moxifloxacin with or without linezolid in CABP. Also, the documented resistance and cross-resistance with other Gram-positive antibacterials remains low. With Nabrivia Pharmaceuticals having already received US FDA approval in August 2019, lefamulin may soon be a new addition to the mounting armoury of drugs against CABP.
Awareness of polycystic ovarian syndrome among young women in Western India
Authors: Chainani Esha G.
Published: November 2019

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex condition characterized by elevated androgen levels, menstrual irregularities, and/or small cysts on one or both ovaries. It is a common issue affecting more than 7% of adult women, causing many problems including but not limited to infertility, irregular menses, hirsutism, acne and alopecia. The primary cause of PCOS is still unknown but awareness and lifestyle modification is known to be an efficient therapy route to relieve symptoms of this syndrome. Objective of the study was to assess the knowledge about PCOS in young women in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.Methods: A cross sectional study was performed on 500 women of age group 18-30 years coming to outpatient departments of D. Y. Patil Hospital, Navi Mumbai. Written informed consent was obtained and simple random technique was applied for selection of study participants. Pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The data collected was analyzed through percentages and frequencies using Excel. Relevant statistical test was applied was applied and p value was calculated wherever required and considered statistically significant when <0.05.Results: Among 500 participants, only 38% of the women were aware of the term PCOS. 26% of the subjects were aware about the organ system involved in this disease. Most of the people know about this disorder through friends or relatives. 17% of the women knew about the various symptoms associated with PCOS.Conclusions: The alarming results of present study show that very small number of young women understand what this disease is and thus when to consult a physician. This could be why PCOS is an underrepresented and underdiagnosed disease. This widely prevalent disease among young women should be talked about more and more young women must be educated on this to help prevent the sequelae of this syndrome on fertility and insulin resistance.
Study of amniotic fluid index and its pregnancy outcome
Authors: Parmar Manisha M. , Parmar Sandeep M.
Published: November 2019

Background: Amniotic fluid is vital to the well-being of the fetus. Severe oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios are associated with increased maternal morbidity and perinatal morbidity and mortality.Methods: This was prospective observational study conducted at tertiary teaching institute from July 2012 to July 2013. Total 200 patients were included in the study. On the basis of amniotic fluid index (AFI), patients were categorized in 3 groups, Normal AFI (8-24 cm), oligohydramnios (AFI <5cm) and polyhydramnios (AFI > = 25 cm). Results were analysed in the form of incidence, mode of delivery and perinatal outcome which includes preterm, low birth weight, still births, NICU admissions and neonatal deaths in all the 3 groups.Results: Out of 200 patients, there was 150 cases of normal AFI, 39 cases of oligohydramnios and 11 cases of polyhydramnios. Incidence of oligohydramnios was 4.1% and polyhydramnios was 1.1%. PIH was the most common etiological factor found in oligohydramnios (30.7%) and in polyhydramnios congenital anomalies (36.3%) followed by idiopathic cause (27.2%) was most common. Incidence of caesarean section was 58.9% in oligohydarmnios and 17.3% in normal AFI group. Incidence of NICU admission was 25.6% in oligohydramnios and 50% in polyhydramnios group in comparison to 9.3% in normal AFI group.Conclusions: Amniotic fluid index is an important part of antepartum fetal surveillance. Abnormalities of AFI are associated with high perinatal morbidity and mortality and maternal morbidity.
Clinico histopathological evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding in women of reproductive and perimenopausal age group
Authors: Jha Ela , Jha Arun Kumar , Samuel Annie
Published: November 2019

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding constitutes a significant proportion of cases attending gynaecology outpatient department. It affects woman’s physical, emotional, social and maternal well-being, and hence it demands adequate management. It is a multifactorial entity; presented in various patterns, signs and symptoms. The PALM COEIN classification is the most recent method of categorizing AUB (abnormal uterine bleeding) based on structural and non-structural causes. The treatment of AUB depends on age, parity, symptom severity, investigation findings and cause. Various invasive and non-invasive investigations including USG, endometrial biopsy and hysteroscopy helps find different causes. Whatever be the etiology endometrium gets affected; hence AUB is likely managed through hormonal preparations, LNG-IUS, endometrium ablation/resection and ultimately hysterectomy as the last resort.Methods: A retrospective study comprising 216 patients in the age group of 30-50 years with complaints of AUB were recorded as per a structured proforma at department of obstetrics and gynaecology, MGM MCH over a period of one year (January 2018-19). The results of investigations, ultrasound scans, endometrial biopsy and histopathology of hysterectomised specimens were correlated. The endometrial biopsy and histopathology of the specimens was done at department of pathology, MGM MCH.Results: The most common age group showing AUB lies under 35-40 years (40.2%) and 40-45 years (33.7%). Menorrhagia was found to be the most common symptom (66.2%). As per PALM COEIN classification, the most common type in our study was of AUB-L (33.7%) and the associated histopathological pattern was of secretory type (50.4%).Conclusions: The features and patterns of AUB differ according to the age of patient, affecting mostly women in perimenopausal and late reproductive age group. There are various modalities for its diagnosis and management and PALM COEIN classification helps better understand the disease etiology.
Study of sociodemographic factors of women undergoing caesarean section in tertiary care centre of rural area of central India
Authors: Jain Shuchi M. , Thool Ketki , Shivkumar Poonam V. , Jain Manish A.
Published: November 2019

Background: Many studies have attempted to examine and evaluate the changes in population characteristics that may have contributed to the observed increase in CS rate. The aim of this study was to determine the caesarean section rate and demographic characteristics of women undergoing caesarean section in our rural tertiary health centre of central India.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in department of obstetrics and gynecology. The study instrument comprised a pre-structured data collection proforma which had various sections; social demographic characteristics, obstetric history and gestation details.Results: The overall caesarean section rate (CSR) was 36.88%. Maximum women (39.62%) who underwent Caesarean section were of age group 25-29 years. 58.05% from rural while 41.95% from urban area. CS was more in women of lower middle (22.80%) and upper lower (20.80%) class. Majority of women who had caesarean section were educated till higher school (31.87%) or were graduate (22.61%), 5.85% were illiterate. Majority of women (56.40%) were housewives. CSR was 70.83% in referred and 28.31% in booked. 52.86% women were nulliparous. Caesarean section was maximum (83%) in term, 16.92% preterm women and 0.08% post term women. 38.69% were referred from other health facilities. Maximum referrals 43.21% were from the district hospital.Conclusions: It was noted that the preference for caesarean section is more in women of 25-29 years, lower middle and upper middle class, rural women, educated upto high school and housewives at our centre. This hospital also serves as referral centre from surrounding health facilities increasing the caesarean section rate of the institute.
Placenta previa: risk factors, feto-maternal outcome and complications
Authors: Yadava Pushpa A. , Patel Riya R. , Mehta Anushka S.
Published: November 2019

Background: Placenta previa is defined as placenta that is implanted somewhere in the lower uterine segment either over or very near the internal cervical os. Placenta previa and coexistent accrete syndromes contribute substantively to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.Methods: All This is a retrospective study of 88 cases of placenta previa, which were admitted under department of obstetrics and gynecology in our institute during July 2017 to June 2019. All patients of placenta previa with gestational age > 28 weeks up to full term were included in the study. All cases were confirmed by ultrasound examination. Outcome measures prevalence of placenta previa, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and case fatality rate.Results: The total number of deliveries performed during the study period was 16330, of them, 88 cases were placenta previa. Thus, the prevalence of PP was 0.53%. Multiparity was one of the etiological factors in 84.09%, whereas previous LSCS was 47.73%, previous H/O D and E was 14.73%, previous H/O placenta previa was 7.95%. Obstetric hysterectomy was done in 7 (7.95%) patients out of 88 patients. 92.04% of patients delivered with cesarean section and 7.95% patients delivered with normal vaginal delivery. 22 (26.50%) babies out of 83 live born were admitted in NICU.Conclusions: Advancing maternal age, multiparity, prior cesarean section, and prior abortions are independent risk factors for placenta previa. Placenta previa remains a risk factor for adverse maternal and perinatal outcome. The detection of placenta previa should encourage a careful evaluation with timely delivery to reduce the associated maternal and perinatal complications. Measures to reduce the primary caesarean section rate should be adopted.
A prospective study on the role of umbilical artery doppler velocimetry in the perinatal outcome of growth restricted fetuses
Authors: R. Sumathi , Rodrigo Mercy R.
Published: November 2019

Background: To compare pregnancy outcomes in growth-restricted fetuses retaining normal umbilical artery doppler flow and the outcomes of pregnancies with end-diastolic velocity diminished or severely reduced/absent.Methods: In a prospective observational study, one hundred pregnant women with growth-restricted fetuses were followed with doppler velocimetry of the umbilical artery between weeks 28 and 41 of pregnancy. Outcomes were compared for the normal doppler group (55%) (Group 1), the low-end diastolic flow group (32%) (Group 2), and the group with severely reduced or absent end-diastolic velocity waveforms (13%) (Group 3).Results: Fetuses with abnormal umbilical flow velocimetry had higher incidence of oligohydramnios (82.2%). The average birth weight and gestational age at delivery were lower in the abnormal doppler group. Significantly more women with severe reduction/AEDV, 31/45 (68.8%), underwent caesarean section, with 20 of them (44.4 %) for fetal distress, compared with 17/55 (30.9%) women in the normal doppler group, with 9 of them (16.4%) for fetal distress. Also, fetuses with abnormal umbilical artery velocimetry had early delivery at less than 36 weeks of gestation (38.2% versus 65.85%), increased NICU admission (32.7% versus 80%), need for PPV (5.5% versus 40%), low Apgar score (9.1 % versus 50.2%) than those with normal doppler. All the three stillbirths in the study population were in the abnormal doppler group.Conclusions: Umbilical artery doppler velocimetry helps in differentiating fetus with pathological growth restriction at risk for perinatal complications from small and healthy fetuses.
Estimation and comparison of serum lipid profile of women with pregnancy induced hypertension and normal pregnancy
Authors: Dev Kapil , Sood Rajeev , Sharma Aanya
Published: November 2019

Background: Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are the most common medical complication seen during pregnancy, affecting around 5-10% of all pregnancies. Raised blood pressure in pregnancy is the major cause of fetomaternal morbidity and mortality. The most important feature in preeclampsia is hypertension which is supposed to be due to vasospastic phenomenon in kidney, uterus, placenta and brain. Altered lipid synthesis leading to decrease in PGI2:TXA2 ratio is also supposed to be an important way of pathogenesis in pregnancy induced hypertension.Methods: This one-year prospective case control study total 200 pregnant women attending antenatal care and admitted in eclampsia ward fulfiling the inclusion criteria were studied. Serum lipid profile was estimated by semiautomatic analyzers. Statistical analysis of data was done by student’s t-test and p-value.Results: Mean total cholesterol in pregnancy induced hypertension was 278.5±52.52 mg/dl and normal pregnancy was 245.47±20.075 mg/dl. Mean triglycerides in pregnancy induced hypertension was 249.88±92.575 mg/dl and normal pregnancy was 206.89±46.345 mg/dl. Mean HDL in pregnancy induced hypertension was 43.69±4.135 mg/dl and normal pregnancy was 49.9±6.501 mg/dl. Mean LDL in pregnancy induced hypertension was 174.43±39.083 mg/ dl and normal pregnancy was 151.22±19.92 mg/dl. Mean VLDL in pregnancy induced hypertension was 46.885±15.143 mg/dl and in normal pregnancy was 40.964±9.061 mg/dl, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, triglycerides were increased in pregnancy induced hypertension when compared to normal pregnancy, which is statistically significant.Conclusions: We concluded that the Patient who developed pre-eclampsia have abnormal lipid profile. This abnormal lipid profile is responsible for endothelial dysfunction. This endothelial dysfunction may play a key role the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. Early detection of these parameters may help patient by preventing complications and is going to aid in better management of pre-eclampsia.
Anterior abdominal wall endometrioma: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Yelurkar Nilofar Imamhusen , Satia Meena Naresh , Deekshit Ananya Rajendra , Badhwar Vijaya Rajesh
Published: November 2019

The presence of functioning endometrium outside the uterine cavity is often encountered in gynaecological practice but an extremely rare entity is its extra pelvic variant is seen sometimes around the umbilicus, anterior rectus sheath vesical region, also rarely seen around the kidney’s nasal mucosa, lungs and the pleura. The incidence of this condition is as low as 0.03% to 0.15%. Endometrioma of the anterior rectus sheath is well documented in literature but because of its rarity may pose a diagnostic dilemma. Reporting herewith a case of anterior rectus sheath endometrioma where medical line of treatment failed and surgical excision was required.
Human spaceflight: to infertility and beyond
Authors: Cardona Maya Walter D. , Du Plessis Stefan S.
Published: November 2019

Garrett-Bakelman FE et al, demonstrated a spectrum of molecular and physiological changes attributed to spaceflight in their recently published “NASA Twins Study”.1 During his 340 days in space onboard the International Space Station (ISS), one of a pair of monozygotic twins was not only challenged by noise, isolation, hypoxia, and alterations in the circadian rhythm, but more importantly the exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) and microgravity. Terrestrials are subjected constantly to surface gravity and most if not all physiological processes have adapted accordingly. It is therefore easy to envisage that weightlessness can have consequences for space travellers.2
A case of urticaria multiforme with unusual presentation
Authors: Alkhowailed Mohammad S.
Published: November 2019

Urticaria multiforme is a condition which manifests as acute, polycyclic, annular oedematous pink plaques with an ecchymosis hue that is associated with acral edema. The condition is often misdiagnosed as erythema multiforme, serum-sickness-like reactions, or urticarial vasculitis. Author present a case of acute annular urticaria in a 3-year-old girl who presented with unusual clinical manifestations of the condition. Through this case report, Author aim to emphasize the wide range of morphologic manifestations that can be seen in urticaria multiforme. This can assist pediatric physicians to differentiate urticaria multiforme from other clinical dermatologic conditions and prevent misdiagnosis. A detailed case history and physical examination, along with relevant diagnostic tests can enable prompt and effective management of the condition.
Hepatitis C--new developments in the studies of the viral life cycle.
Authors: Rychłowska Małgorzata , Bieńkowska-Szewczyk Krystyna
Published: November 2019

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a causative agent of chronic liver disease leading to cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. The prevalence of HCV is estimated as 3% of the world population and the virus is a major public health problem all over the world. For over 16 years, since HCV had been discovered, studies of the mechanisms of the viral life cycle and virus-host interactions have been hampered by the lack of a cell culture system allowing the virus to be grown in laboratory conditions. However, in recent years some new model systems to study HCV have been developed. The major breakthrough of the last two years was the cell culture system for maintaining the virus in an adapted hepatocyte-derived cell line. This review describes the techniques and applications of most of the in vitro systems and animal models currently used for working with hepatitis C virus.
Distribution of triterpene acids and their derivatives in organs of cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) plant.
Authors: Szakiel Anna , Mroczek Agnieszka
Published: November 2019

Wild berries of the genus Vaccinium have become increasingly popular in human health promotion due to their nutritional and medicinal properties. Some striking divergence of opinion about the content of triterpenoids in these plants still exists, meanwhile, this very large class of natural isoprenoids exhibits a wide range of biological activities and hence is of growing research interest. An investigation of triterpenoidal constituents from the cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) plant led to the isolation of two isomeric acids: oleanolic and ursolic and the occurrence of their derivatives in this plant was demonstrated for the first time. Free triterpene acids as well as small amounts of their bound forms (presumable glycosides and glycoside esters) occur in fruits and the vegetative part of the plant, however, in various amounts and different ratios. The total content of both acids was the highest in organs regarded as traditional herbal resources, namely fruits and leaves (1 and 0.6% of dry mass, respectively), whereas it was markedly lower in stems and rhizomes. However, the rhizomes were in turn the plant organ containing relatively the highest amount of the bound forms of both acids (0.01% of dry mass). Ursolic acid was dominant in the whole plant, but the ratio of oleanolic to ursolic acid was significantly different in individual organs, decreasing from the upper (fruits 1:2.4, leaves 1:2) to the lower (stems 1:3.5, rhizomes 1:5.2) parts of the plant. This pattern of distribution of triterpenoids in the plant may have an important physiological and ecological meaning.
Changes in the content of gamma-linolenic C18:3 (n-6) and stearidonic C18:4 (n-3) acids in developing seeds of viper's bugloss Echium vulgare L.
Authors: Stolyhwo Andrzej , Mol Jolanta
Published: November 2019

Changes in the composition of fatty acids (FA) were determined in lipid extracts isolated from developing ovaries containing ovules and developing seeds of Echium vulgare L. The samples were collected successively over 20 days beginning with the first day after flowering. The contents of the n-6 FA family members, i.e., gamma-linolenic (GLA) (C(18:3)) and linoleic (LA) (C(18:2)) acids changed in a parallel manner and reached the maximum of 13.9% and 24%, respectively, on the 12th day, after which they fell systematically down to 8.6% and 18.2%, respectively, on the 20th day after flowering. Starting with day 13, the content of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (C(18:3) n-3) begins to grow intensively, from 24.2% to 39.3% on the 20th day after flowering. The increase in the content of stearidonic acid (SDA) (C(18:4) n-3), up to 10.5% on the 20th day after flowering, occurred steadily as the seeds developed, and was independent of the changes in the content of GLA and LA. The pattern of changes in the content of SDA, GLA, LA and ALA during the development of seeds, and the occurrence of SDA in the seed oil of other plants, demonstrate that the biosynthesis of SDA in the seeds is critically dependent on the presence of ALA. The above condition indicates that SDA biosynthesis in the seeds of Echium vulgare follows the scheme LA --> simultaneous, competitive, action of Delta(6) and Delta(15) desaturases, leading to the formation of GLA and ALA, respectively, and then ALA (Delta(6) des) --> SDA. The biosynthesis according to the scheme: GLA (Delta(15) des) --> SDA is highly unlikely.
Structural and functional characteristics of two novel members of pathogensis-related multigene family of class 10 from yellow lupine+.
Authors: Handschuh Luiza , Femiak Iwona , Kasperska Alina , Figlerowicz Marek , Sikorski Michał M
Published: November 2019

PR-10 proteins (pathogensis-related), ubiquitous within the plant kingdom, are usually encoded by multigene families. To date we have identified 10 homologous pr-10 genes in a yellow lupine cDNA library. Here, the structure and expression of two newly identified yellow lupine pr-10 genes (LlYpr10-2b and LlYpr10-2f) are presented. Many potential regulatory sites were found in both gene promoters including common ones as well as those unique for each gene. However, promoter deletion analysis in transgenic tobacco plants revealed similar patterns of reporter gene (gus) expression. Shortened fragments of both gene promoters studied caused high GUS activity in leaves (along vascular bundles), stamen stigma, anthers and pollen grains. When conjugated with longer LlYpr-10.2 promoter fragments, GUS was additionally present in petal edges. Only a long fragment of the LlYpr10-2b gene promoter caused GUS expression in the stem. In yellow lupine the pr-10.2 genes are present in all studied organs, but their level of expression depends on the stage of development and is affected by wounding, oxidative stress and salicylic acid treatment. Silencing of the Llpr-10.2b gene in 4-week-old yellow lupine plants did not lead to any visible symptoms, which suggests that the function of the silenced gene is supplemented by its close homologues, still present in the studied plants.
Combined effects of doxorubicin and STI571 on growth, differentiation and apoptosis of CML cell line K562.
Authors: Jakubowska Justyna , Stasiak Marta , Szulawska Agata , Bednarek Andrzej , Czyz Malgorzata
Published: November 2019

STI571 (imatinib mesylate; Gleevec) is an inhibitor that targets the tyrosine kinase activity of Bcr-Abl present in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells. Some preclinical studies have demonstrated that the combination of STI571 with chemotherapeutic drugs results in enhanced toxicity in Bcr-Abl-positive leukemias. We investigated the potential benefit of using STI571 to down-regulate Bcr-Abl activity for the enhancement of doxorubicin anti-proliferative action in K562 cell line derived from blast crisis of CML. At low concentrations of both drugs (40 nM doxorubicin combined with STI571 in the range of 100-150 nM), the antiproliferative effects were mainly due to cellular differentiation as assessed by benzidine staining for hemoglobin synthesis level and real-time PCR for gamma-globin expression. Higher concentrations of STI571 used in combinations with doxorubicin caused mainly apoptosis as shown by DNA degradation and nuclear fragmentation visualized by fluorescence microscopy after DAPI staining, changes in cell morphology observed after Giemza-May Grünwald staining and cellular membrane organization estimated by flow cytometry after Annexin V staining. As compared with either drug alone, cotreatment with STI571 and DOX induced stronger cellular responses. A low concentration of STI571 in combination with a low concentration of DOX might be tested as an alternative approach to increasing the efficacy of chemotherapy against CML.
Analysis of gypsogenin saponins in homeopathic tinctures.
Authors: Szakiel Anna , Henry Max
Published: November 2019

A relatively simple and short procedure for the quantitative determination of gypsogenin saponins was performed to evaluate homeopathic tinctures in which those compounds can be regarded as one of the active constituents. This method comprises partial hydrolysis of saponins, subsequent extraction of liberated prosaponin (gypsogenin 3-O-glucuronide) and its analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. Glycyrrhizic acid was used as an internal standard. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of mother tinctures obtained from Saponaria officinalis. Thus, the determination of triterpenoid saponins can be used as a convenient and sufficient method of standardization of selected homeopathic tinctures.