bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distance and Metallicity of HVCs
Authors: Wakker B.P. , van Woerden H. , Schwarz U.J. , Peletier R.F. , Douglas N.G. , Danly L. , de Boer K.S.
Published: July 2016

Table 1 summarizes results of programs to determine distances and metallicities of high-velocity clouds (HVCs, see Wakker 1991, IAU Symp 144, 27 for a general review). Reliable absorption is reported for one stellar probe (BD+38 2182), giving a distance D<5kpc for complex M. Other results are controversial (BT Dra), uncertain(HD 135485) or atypical (4 Lac). Non-detections reported by e.g. Lilienthal et al. (1990, A&A 240, 287), Danly et al. (1992, ApJS 81, 125) and de Boer et al. (1994, A&A 286, 925), yield lower limits up to 2 kpc for complexes A, C and M. Absorption by heavy elements in HVCs is reported for twelve extra-galactic probes. All absorptions reported in HVCs with |vLSR| > 90km/s are given in the table (abundances are from low-resolution HI data and thus uncertain).
A Hydromagnetic Model for the Hierarchical Structure of Molecular Clouds
Authors: Deiss B.M. , Just A.
Published: July 2016

We propose a physical model of molecular clouds which is based on the idea that the back reaction of substructures of a cloud on the ambient medium maintains and stabilizes the cloud on larger scales: clumps, which are assumed to carry a magnetic moment, are coupled to the ambient medium by magnetic forces, hence continually inducing velocity fluctuations due to their random motion. The energy source is then the gravitational binding energy of the clumps in the global potential of the whole cloud.
Neutral Gas Contributions to [S II] Galactic Background Emission
Authors: Petuchowski S. J. , Bennett C. L.
Published: July 2016

Elevated ratios of [S II]/Hα relative to those typical of H II regions have been used to identify supernova remnants (SNRs) and also characterize the diffuse Galactic background (Reynolds 1985) and gas observed on the large scale in other galaxies (e.g., Lehnert & Heckman 1994). We explore the implications for these regions of the fact that ionized sulfur may exist both in gas that is predominantly neutral as well as fully ionized.
Multi-Wavelength Study of the Giant Bubble in Cepheus
Authors: Balázs L.G. , Ábrahám P.
Published: July 2016

The giant bubble in Cepheus was discovered by Kun et al. (1987) in the IRAS maps. It has an angular diameter of about 9° and connects several well-known star forming regions such as IC1396, S140, NGC7129. All these regions have nearly the same distances of about 800 pc permitting a good distance and linear size estimate for the bubble. Figure 1 shows the surface distribution of IRAS 100 μ optical depths, obtained from the 60 and 100 μ data and smoothed to the resolution of the HI survey. Although the bubble was discovered in the IRAS data base it is well pronounced in the integrated HI map obtained from the observations of Heiles & Habing (1974) and Weaver & Williams (1973). Figure 2 shows the HI line area map.
HST Spectroscopy of the Orion Nebula
Authors: Rubin R.H. , Ferland G.J. , Dufour R.J. , Walter D.K. , O'dell C.R. , Baldwin J.A. , Hester J.J. , Martin P.G.
Published: July 2016

From our recent Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) observations of the Orion Nebula obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope, we present preliminary results that address the nitrogen abundance. The list of detected lines and their identifications included the first measurement of the N II] 2142 Å line in an H II region. This measurement in conjunction with [O II] 2471 Å permits a new assessment of the important N/O ratio in Orion. Unfortunately, the measurements of the N III] 1747-54 Å multiplet and the O III] 1660-66 Å multiplet have poor signal-to-noise, precluding another independent derivation of N/O.
Mass near the Sun
Authors: Gould Andrew
Published: July 2016

I review the dynamical measurements of mass in the solar neighborhood and show that, within 1 kpc, ∼ 40% is unaccounted for by known stars and gas. I discuss several interpretations of the data including the ‘standard model’ where the extra mass is due to a spherical dark halo. I argue that the evidence for a radically different picture of an ultra-flat distribution is at least as compelling as the standard model.
TBLT INSTRUCTIONAL EFFECTS ON TONAL ALIGNMENT AND PITCH RANGE IN L2 SPANISH IMPERATIVES VERSUS DECLARATIVES
Authors: McKinnon Sean
Published: July 2016

The present study investigates the prosody/pragmatics interface in TBLT by extending the traditional morphological focus-on-form to a focus on intonational forms, with Spanish declaratives and imperatives. Twenty-eight intermediate L2 Spanish learners were assigned to one of two conditions that differed in the type of focus-on-form present during the pre- and posttask phases of a focused, task-based intervention: focus on grammar (FOG) or focus on grammar + intonation (FOG + I). All participants were administered an oral discourse completion task in a pre- and a posttest that elicited Spanish imperatives and declaratives to measure gains. Results show that participants, regardless of condition, did not distinguish imperatives from declaratives using intonation in the pretest. However, participants in the FOG + I condition modified their pitch range and pitch accents in the posttest to signal a difference between imperatives and declaratives, though their use was different from the input provided by a native speaker instructor.
Representing homotopy classes by maps with certain minimality root properties
Authors: Penteado Northon Canevari Leme , Neto Oziride Manzoli
Published: July 2016

The aim of this work is to represent the elements of the homotopy classes of maps from S2 to S2 ∨ S1 by maps with some minimality root properties.
Generality of rod hue biases with smaller, brighter, and
photopically specified stimuli
Authors: THOMAS LAURA P. , BUCK STEVEN L.
Published: July 2016

This study tests the generality of previously demonstrated rod hue
biases (red and blue biases at shorter wavelengths and a green bias at
longer wavelengths) that cause the loci of the three spectral unique
hues to shift to longer wavelengths. We found rod hue biases for 2-deg
targets to be generally similar in magnitude and light-level dependence
to those observed for 7.4-deg targets (the size most often studied)
when measured at 7-deg eccentricity. The largest effects for both test
sizes occurred at the lowest light levels tested, 1 log scotopic
troland. All three rod hue biases were found with 0.6-deg targets, but
were not reliably measurable at the lowest light levels and were
reduced in magnitude and consistency across observers. The largest rod
hue biases all occurred at the same scotopic light level, which
corresponds to different photopic light levels for the three hue
biases, because of differences in photopic and scotopic spectral
sensitivity. This suggests that no single photopic light level will
produce such large effects for all three rod hue biases. Finally, when
the rod influence on a specific unique-hue locus was measured using
photopically (rather than scotopically) constant stimuli, rod hue
biases were still found but were more variable in magnitude and
incidence across observers. We conclude that the rod hue biases we have
previously described can be found with smaller stimuli, at somewhat
higher light levels, and under photopically constant conditions,
although our prior conditions tend to produce larger, more reliable rod
hue biases.
Aristotle Through Lenses from Bernard Williams
Authors: Broadie S.
Published: July 2016

This paper looks at a theme in ancient Greek ethics from perspectives developed by Bernard Williams.1 The ancient theme is the place of theoretical activity in human life, and I shall be referring to Aristotle. Williams is relevant through one strand in his scepticism about ‘morality, the peculiar institution’.2 His discussion suggests questions not merely about Aristotle but ones it would be interesting to put to Aristotle and see how he would or should respond to them.
What is the Matter with Matter, According to Plotinus?
Authors: Long A.A.
Published: July 2016

Modern science is not linguistically original in hypothesizing the existence of dark matter. For Plotinus, the matter that underlies all perceptible objects, is essentially obscure and describable only in the negative terms of what it lacks by way of inherent properties. In formulating this theory of absolute matter, Plotinus took himself to be interpreting both Plato and Aristotle, with the result that his own position emerges as a highly original and equivocal synthesis of this tradition. Plotinus did not claim that matter is nothing, but the puzzling status he attributes to it can be aptly compared to Berkeley's doctrine that material substance is a self-contradictory notion.
Descartes on the Errors of the Senses
Authors: Patterson Sarah
Published: July 2016

Descartes first invokes the errors of the senses in the Meditations to generate doubt; he suggests that because the senses sometimes deceive, we have reason not to trust them. This use of sensory error to fuel a sceptical argument fits a traditional interpretation of the Meditations as a work concerned with finding a form of certainty that is proof against any sceptical doubt. If we focus instead on Descartes's aim of using the Meditations to lay foundations for his new science, his appeals to sensory error take on a different aspect. Descartes's new science is based on ideas innate in the intellect, ideas that are validated by the benevolence of our creator. Appeals to sensory error are useful to him in undermining our naïve faith in the senses and guiding us to an appreciation of innate ideas. However, the errors of the senses pose problems in the context of Descartes's appeals to God's goodness to validate innate ideas and natural propensities to belief. A natural tendency to sensory error is hard to reconcile with the benevolence of our creator. This paper explores Descartes's responses to the problems of theodicy posed by various forms of sensory error. It argues that natural judgements involved in our visual perception of distance, size and shape pose a problem of error that resists his usual solutions.
Do Government Positions Held by Women Matter? A Cross-National Examination of Female Ministers' Impacts on Women's Political Participation
Authors: Liu Shan-Jan Sarah , Banaszak Lee Ann
Published: July 2016

Current research shows that female legislators serve as role models for women. Understudied is how and the extent to which female ministers inspire women to participate in politics. We argue that with their high visibility and greater ability to influence policy, female ministers also serve as role models, but their influence differs depending on the form of political engagement. Using the World Values Survey and additional national-level variables, we employ multilevel modeling techniques to explore how women in the cabinet influence various forms of women's political engagement. We find that the proportion of women in the cabinet has a stronger effect on participation than the proportion of women in parliament. All else being equal, a higher proportion of women in the cabinet increases women's conventional participation (voting and party membership), petition signing, and engagement in peaceful demonstrations, but it does not influence women's participation in strikes or boycotts. Our findings add to current studies of women's political representation, in which ministerial representation is often underexplored or not differentiated from parliamentary representation, and help distinguish various forms of participation. Future research should consider examining a wider variety of women's political roles in other areas of the political arena.
Purity of transferred CD8+ T cells is crucial for safety and efficacy of combinatorial tumor immunotherapy in the absence of SHP‐1
Authors: Watson H Angharad , Dolton Garry , Ohme Julia , Ladell Kristin , Vigar Miriam , Wehenkel Sophie , Hindley James , Mohammed Rebar N , Miners Kelly , Luckwell Rhys A , Price David A , Matthews R James , Ager Ann
Published: July 2016

Adoptive transfer of tumor‐specific cytotoxic T cells is a promising advance in cancer therapy. Similarly, checkpoint inhibition has shown striking clinical results in some patients. Here we combine adoptive cell transfer with ablation of the checkpoint protein Src homology 2‐domain‐containing phosphatase 1 (SHP‐1, Ptpn6). Naturally occurring motheaten mice lack SHP‐1 and do not survive weaning due to extensive immunopathology. To circumvent this limitation, we created a novel SHP‐1null mouse that is viable up to 12 weeks of age by knocking out IL1r1. Using this model, we demonstrate that the absence of SHP‐1 augments the ability of adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells to control tumor growth. This therapeutic effect was only observed in situations where T‐cell numbers were limited, analogous to clinical settings. However, adoptive transfer of non‐CD8+ SHP‐1null hematopoietic cells resulted in lethal motheaten‐like pathology, indicating that systemic inhibition of SHP‐1 could have serious adverse effects. Despite this caveat, our findings support the development of SHP‐1 inhibition strategies in human T cells to complement adoptive transfer therapies in the clinic.
Chirality-dependent flutter of Typha blades in wind
Authors: Zhao Zi-Long , Liu Zong-Yuan , Feng Xi-Qiao
Published: July 2016

Cattail or Typha, an emergent aquatic macrophyte widely distributed in lakes and other shallow water areas, has slender blades with a chiral morphology. The wind-resilient Typha blades can produce distinct hydraulic resistance for ecosystem functions. However, their stem may rupture and dislodge in excessive wind drag. In this paper, we combine fluid dynamics simulations and experimental measurements to investigate the aeroelastic behavior of Typha blades in wind. It is found that the chirality-dependent flutter, including wind-induced rotation and torsion, is a crucial strategy for Typha blades to accommodate wind forces. Flow visualization demonstrates that the twisting morphology of blades provides advantages over the flat one in the context of two integrated functions: improving wind resistance and mitigating vortex-induced vibration. The unusual dynamic responses and superior mechanical properties of Typha blades are closely related to their biological/ecosystem functions and macro/micro structures. This work decodes the physical mechanisms of chirality-dependent flutter in Typha blades and holds potential applications in vortex-induced vibration suppression and the design of, e.g., bioinspired flight vehicles.
MINDEC-An Enhanced Negative Depletion Strategy for Circulating Tumour Cell Enrichment
Authors: Lapin Morten , Tjensvoll Kjersti , Oltedal Satu , Buhl Tove , Gilje Bjørnar , Smaaland Rune , Nordgård Oddmund
Published: July 2016

Most current methods of circulating tumour cell (CTC) enrichment target the epithelial protein EpCAM, which is commonly expressed in adenocarcinoma cells. However, such methods will not recover the fraction of CTCs that have a non-epithelial phenotype due to epithelial–mesenchymal transition. For phenotype-independent CTC enrichment, we developed a new enhanced negative depletion strategy—termed MINDEC—that is based on multi-marker (CD45, CD16, CD19, CD163 and CD235a/GYPA) depletion of blood cells rather than targeted enrichment of CTCs. Here we validated the performance of MINDEC using epithelial and mesenchymal cancer cell lines, demonstrating a mean recovery of 82 ± 10%, high depletion (437 ± 350 residual white blood cells (WBCs)/mL peripheral blood), linearity between spiked and recovered cells (correlation coefficient: r = 0.995) and a low detection limit (≥1 cell recovered in all four replicates spiked with 3 cells). For clinical validation of this method, we enumerated CTCs in peripheral blood samples from patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer, detecting CTCs in 15 of 21 blood samples (71%) from 9 patients. The promising performance of the MINDEC enrichment strategy in our study encourages validation in larger clinical trials.
Benthic fluxes of dissolved organic carbon from gas hydrate sediments in the northern South China Sea
Authors: Hung Chia-Wei , Huang Kuo-Hao , Shih Yung-Yen , Lin Yu-Shih , Chen Hsin-Hung , Wang Chau-Chang , Ho Chuang-Yi , Hung Chin-Chang , Burdige David J.
Published: July 2016

Hydrocarbon vents have recently been reported to contribute considerable amounts of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to the oceans. Many such hydrocarbon vents widely exist in the northern South China Sea (NSCS). To investigate if these hydrocarbon vent sites release DOC, we used a real-time video multiple-corer to collect bottom seawater and surface sediments at vent sites. We analyzed concentrations of DOC in these samples and estimated DOC fluxes. Elevated DOC concentrations in the porewaters were found at some sites suggesting that DOC may come from these hydrocarbon vents. Benthic fluxes of DOC from these sediments were 28 to 1264 μmol m−2d−1 (on average ~321 μmol m−2d−1) which are several times higher than most DOC fluxes in coastal and continental margin sediments. The results demonstrate that the real-time video multiple-corer can precisely collect samples at vent sites. The estimated benthic DOC flux from the methane venting sites (8.6 × 106mol y−1), is 24% of the DOC discharge from the Pearl River to the South China Sea, indicating that these sediments make an important contribution to the DOC in deep waters.
Interactive cost of Plasmodium infection and insecticide resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Alout Haoues , Dabiré Roch K. , Djogbénou Luc S. , Abate Luc , Corbel Vincent , Chandre Fabrice , Cohuet Anna
Published: July 2016

Insecticide resistance raises concerns for the control of vector-borne diseases. However, its impact on parasite transmission could be diverse when considering the ecological interactions between vector and parasite. Thus we investigated the fitness cost associated with insecticide resistance and Plasmodium falciparum infection as well as their interactive cost on Anopheles gambiae survival and fecundity. In absence of infection, we observed a cost on fecundity associated with insecticide resistance. However, survival was higher for mosquito bearing the kdr mutation and equal for those with the ace-1R mutation compared to their insecticide susceptible counterparts. Interestingly, Plasmodium infection reduced survival only in the insecticide resistant strains but not in the susceptible one and infection was associated with an increase in fecundity independently of the strain considered. This study provides evidence for a survival cost associated with infection by Plasmodium parasite only in mosquito selected for insecticide resistance. This suggests that the selection of insecticide resistance mutation may have disturbed the interaction between parasites and vectors, resulting in increased cost of infection. Considering the fitness cost as well as other ecological aspects of this natural mosquito-parasite combination is important to predict the epidemiological impact of insecticide resistance.
Bile signalling promotes chronic respiratory infections and antibiotic tolerance
Authors: Reen F. Jerry , Flynn Stephanie , Woods David F. , Dunphy Niall , Chróinín Muireann Ní , Mullane David , Stick Stephen , Adams Claire , O’Gara Fergal
Published: July 2016

Despite aggressive antimicrobial therapy, many respiratory pathogens persist in the lung, underpinning the chronic inflammation and eventual lung decline that are characteristic of respiratory disease. Recently, bile acid aspiration has emerged as a major comorbidity associated with a range of lung diseases, shaping the lung microbiome and promoting colonisation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients. In order to uncover the molecular mechanism through which bile modulates the respiratory microbiome, a combination of global transcriptomic and phenotypic analyses of the P. aeruginosa response to bile was undertaken. Bile responsive pathways responsible for virulence, adaptive metabolism, and redox control were identified, with macrolide and polymyxin antibiotic tolerance increased significantly in the presence of bile. Bile acids, and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) in particular, elicited chronic biofilm behaviour in P. aeruginosa, while induction of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in lung epithelial cells by CDCA was Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) dependent. Microbiome analysis of paediatric CF sputum samples demonstrated increased colonisation by P. aeruginosa and other Proteobacterial pathogens in bile aspirating compared to non-aspirating patients. Together, these data suggest that bile acid signalling is a leading trigger for the development of chronic phenotypes underlying the pathophysiology of chronic respiratory disease.
Rapid and efficient gene delivery into the adult mouse brain via focal electroporation
Authors: Nomura Tadashi , Nishimura Yusuke , Gotoh Hitoshi , Ono Katsuhiko
Published: July 2016

In vivo gene delivery is required for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of various biological events. Virus-mediated gene transfer or generation of transgenic animals is widely used; however, these methods are time-consuming and expensive. Here we show an improved electroporation technique for acute gene delivery into the adult mouse brain. Using a syringe-based microelectrode, local DNA injection and the application of electric current can be performed simultaneously; this allows rapid and efficient gene transduction of adult non-neuronal cells. Combining this technique with various expression vectors that carry specific promoters resulted in targeted gene expression in astrocytic cells. Our results constitute a powerful strategy for the genetic manipulation of adult brains in a spatio-temporally controlled manner.
Direct accumulation pathway of radioactive cesium to fruit-bodies of edible mushroom from contaminated wood logs
Authors: Ohnuki Toshihiko , Aiba Yukitoshi , Sakamoto Fuminori , Kozai Naofumi , Niizato Tadafumi , Sasaki Yoshito
Published: July 2016

This paper presents the accumulation process of radioactive Cs in edible mushrooms. We here first report the direct accumulation pathway of radioactive Cs from contaminated wood logs to the fruit-bodies of shiitake mushrooms through the basal portion of the stipe. In this pathway, radioactive Cs is not transported through the hyphae. This pathway results in a high accumulation of radioactive Cs in the fruit-body, more by the excess accumulation of radioactive Cs from the wood logs than that through the hyphae. We grew the fruit-bodies of Shiitake mushroom from radioactive-Cs-contaminated wood logs. The spatial distributions of radioactive Cs and Prussian blue as a tracer of interstitial water in the cross section of the wood log measured after the harvest of the fruit-body from the inoculated sawdust spawn area indicated that some fraction of the radioactive Cs and Prussian blue were transported directly to the basal portion of the stipe during the growth of the fruit-bodies.
Er3+-doped transparent glass ceramics containing micron-sized SrF2 crystals for 2.7 μm emissions
Authors: Jiang Yiguang , Fan Jintai , Jiang Benxue , Mao Xiaojian , Tang Junzhou , Xu Yinsheng , Dai Shixun , Zhang Long
Published: July 2016

Er3+-doped transparent glass ceramics containing micron-sized SrF2 crystals were obtained by direct liquid-phase sintering of a mixture of SrF2 powders and precursor glass powders at 820 °C for 15 min. The appearance and microstructural evolution of the SrF2 crystals in the resulting glass ceramics were investigated using X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission microscopy. The SrF2 crystals are ~15 μm in size and are uniformly distributed throughout the fluorophosphate glass matrix. The glass ceramics achieve an average transmittance of 75% in the visible region and more than 85% in the near-IR region. The high transmittance of the glass ceramics results from matching the refractive index of the SrF2 with that of the precursor glass. Energy dispersive spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectra and photoluminescence lifetimes verified the incorporation of Er3+ into the micron-sized SrF2 crystals. Intense 2.7 μm emissions due to the 4I11/2 → 4I13/2 transition were observed upon excitation at 980 nm using a laser diode. The maximum value of the emission cross section of Er3+ around 2.7 μm is more than 1.2 × 10−20 cm2, which indicates the potential of using transparent glass ceramics containing micron-sized SrF2 crystals for efficient 2.7 μm lasers and amplifiers.
Dot-ring nanostructure: Rigorous analysis of many-electron effects
Authors: Biborski Andrzej , Kądzielawa Andrzej P. , Gorczyca-Goraj Anna , Zipper Elżbieta , Maśka Maciej M. , Spałek Józef
Published: July 2016

We discuss the quantum dot-ring nanostructure (DRN) as canonical example of a nanosystem, for which the interelectronic interactions can be evaluated exactly. The system has been selected due to its tunability, i.e., its electron wave functions can be modified much easier than in, e.g., quantum dots. We determine many-particle states for Ne = 2 and 3 electrons and calculate the 3- and 4-state interaction parameters and discuss their importance. For that purpose, we combine the first- and second-quantization schemes and hence are able to single out the component single-particle contributions to the resultant many-particle state. The method provides both the ground- and the first-excited-state energies, as the exact diagonalization of the many-particle Hamiltonian is carried out. DRN provides one of the few examples for which one can determine theoretically all interaction microscopic parameters to a high accuracy. Thus the evolution of the single-particle vs. many-particle contributions to each state and its energy can be determined and tested with the increasing system size. In this manner, we contribute to the wave-function engineering with the interactions included for those few-electron systems.
Temporal and spatial genetic differentiation in the crab Liocarcinus depurator across the Atlantic-Mediterranean transition
Authors: Pascual Marta , Palero Ferran , García-Merchán Víctor Hugo , Macpherson Enrique , Robainas-Barcia Aymée , Mestres Francesc , Roda Tania , Abelló Pere
Published: July 2016

Spatial genetic studies often require sampling broadly separated areas, difficult to access simultaneously. Although comparing localities surveyed at different time periods might result in spurious genetic differentiation, there is a general believe on the stability of genetic structure through time, particularly if sampled localities are isolated or very distant. By analysing spatial and temporal genetic differentiation of the portunid crab Liocarcinus depurator we assessed the contribution of historical and contemporary processes on population connectivity patterns across three main oceanographic discontinuities along the Atlantic-Mediterranean transition: Gibraltar Strait, Almeria-Oran Front and Ibiza Channel. A partial fragment of the cytochrome oxidase I gene was sequenced in 366 individuals collected from localities at both sides of each discontinuity during three time periods. Although localities showed genetic fluctuations through time, a significant gradient was detected along the coast for all sampling periods. Significant inter-annual differences identified within the Alicante area, north of the Almeria-Oran Front, were associated with shifts in the relative contribution of Atlantic and Mediterranean water masses. The persistence of a clinal pattern in the Atlantic-Mediterranean transition area together with local fluctuations suggests a complex balance of dispersal and selection.
Adversity-induced relapse of fear: neural mechanisms and implications for relapse prevention from a study on experimentally induced return-of-fear following fear conditioning and extinction
Authors: Scharfenort R , Menz M , Lonsdorf T B
Published: July 2016

The efficacy of current treatments for anxiety disorders is limited by high relapse rates. Relapse of anxiety disorders and addiction can be triggered by exposure to life adversity, but the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. Seventy-six healthy adults were a priori selected for the presence or absence of adverse experiences during childhood (CA) and recent past (RA; that is, past 12 months). Participants underwent fear conditioning (day 1) and fear extinction and experimental return-of-fear (ROF) induction through reinstatement (a model for adversity-induced relapse; day 2). Ratings, autonomic (skin conductance response) and neuronal activation measures (functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)) were acquired. Individuals exposed to RA showed a generalized (that is, not CS− specific) fear recall and ROF, whereas unexposed individuals showed differential (that is, CS+ specific) fear recall and ROF on an autonomic level despite no group differences during fear acquisition and extinction learning. These group differences in ROF were accompanied by corresponding activation differences in brain areas known to be involved in fear processing and differentiability/generalization of ROF (that is, hippocampus). In addition, dimensional measures of RA, CA and lifetime adversity were negatively correlated with differential skin conductance responses (SCRs) during ROF and hippocampal activation. As discriminating signals of danger and safety, as well as a tendency for overgeneralization, are core features in clinically anxious populations, these deficits may specifically contribute to relapse risk following exposure to adversity, in particular to recent adversity. Hence, our results may provide first and novel insights into the possible mechanisms mediating enhanced relapse risk following exposure to (recent) adversity, which may guide the development of effective pre- and intervention programs.
Sulfonated metal organic framework loaded on iron oxide nanoparticles as a new sorbent for the magnetic solid phase extraction of cadmium from environmental water samples
Authors: Moradi Seyed Ershad , Haji Shabani Ali Mohammad , Dadfarnia Shayessteh , Emami Saeed
Published: July 2016

A sulfonated metal organic framework loaded onto iron oxide nanoparticles was used as a new sorbent and a magnetic solid phase extraction method was developed for the separation and preconcentration of cadmium prior to its determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.
Supersizing pyrrole-modified porphyrins by reversal of the ‘breaking and mending’ strategy
Authors: Luciano M. , Tardie W. , Zeller M. , Brückner C.
Published: July 2016

A pyrrole inmeso-tetraphenylporphyrin was expanded by annulation ofN,N′-dimethylurea to a porphyrin β,β′-dione and subsequent merger of the pyrrole and urea atoms into an 8-membered ring.
Controlled chiral supramolecular assemblies of water soluble achiral porphyrins induced by chiral counterions
Authors: Rananaware Anushri , La Duong Duc , Al Kobaisi Mohammad , Bhosale Rajesh S. , Bhosale Sidhanath V. , Bhosale Sheshanath V.
Published: July 2016

A controlled handed chiral supramolecular assembly of achiral porphyrins induced by chirald- andl-arginine (Arg) in water.
Extremely robust and post-functionalizable gold nanoparticles coated with calix[4]arenes via metal–carbon bonds
Authors: Troian-Gautier Ludovic , Valkenier Hennie , Mattiuzzi Alice , Jabin Ivan , den Brande Niko Van , Mele Bruno Van , Hubert Julie , Reniers François , Bruylants Gilles , Lagrost Corinne , Leroux Yann
Published: July 2016

Gold nanoparticles stabilized with a thin layer of post-functionalizable calix[4]arenes were prepared through the reductive grafting of a calix[4]arene-tetra-diazonium salt.
A lanthanide complex for metal encapsulations and anion exchanges
Authors: Sun Yan-Qiong , Wan Fang , Li Xin-Xiong , Lin Jian , Wu Tao , Zheng Shou-Tian , Bu Xianhui
Published: July 2016

A dissolution–recrystallization-based structural transition from a porous solid to a heterometallic solid via the encapsulation of M2+ cations is observed, showing that the structural topology can be pre-determined by the ligand itself. Additionally, anions can also be ion-exchanged into solids, leading to tunable thermochromic responses.
Zinc and cadmium complexes based on bis-(1H-tetrazol-5-ylmethyl/ylethyl)-amine ligands: structures and photoluminescence properties
Authors: Wang Duo-Zhi , Fan Jian-Zhong , Jia Dianzeng , Du Ceng-Ceng
Published: July 2016

Nine zinc and cadmium coordination compounds with bis-(1H-tetrazol-5-ylmethyl/ylethyl)-amine were synthesized and structurally characterized, and the fluorescent emission and fluorescence lifetime of complexes 1–9 have been investigated and discussed.
Understanding the curvature effect of silica nanoparticles on lysozyme adsorption orientation and conformation: a mesoscopic coarse-grained simulation study
Authors: Yu Gaobo , Zhou Jian
Published: July 2016

In nanobiotechnology applications, curvature of nanoparticles has a significant effect on protein activities.
Probing the interactions of structurally similar but chemically distinguishable organic solutes with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium alkyl sulfate (alkyl = ethyl, hexyl and octyl) ionic liquids through fluorescence, NMR and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) studies
Authors: Majhi Debashis , Sahu Prabhat Kumar , Seth Sudipta , Sarkar Moloy
Published: July 2016

Structurally similar but chemically distinguishable solutes provide idea about intermolecular interactions in ionic liquids.
Toward an absolute NMR shielding scale using the spin-rotation tensor within a relativistic framework
Authors: Aucar I. Agustín , Gomez Sergio S. , Giribet Claudia G. , Aucar Gustavo A.
Published: July 2016

How can one extend Flygare's rule to the relativistic framework? Three models are proposed here. The best of them shows that σ is related with the spin-rotation tensor, the atomic shielding and a new term coined as σSO-S.
Hierarchical spatial heterogeneity in liquid crystals composed of graphene oxides
Authors: Shundo Atsuomi , Hori Koichiro , Penaloza David P. , Matsumoto Yuji , Okumura Yasushi , Kikuchi Hirotsugu , Lee Kyung Eun , Kim Sang Ouk , Tanaka Keiji
Published: July 2016

We demonstrate herein a hierarchical heterogeneity, which forced particles to diffuse in an anisotropic manner, in a liquid crystal composed of graphene oxides.
Structural and spectroscopic insight into the metal binding properties of the o-aminophenol-N,N,O-triacetic acid (APTRA) chelator: implications for design of metal indicators
Authors: Brady Michael , Piombo Sebastian D. , Hu Chunhua , Buccella Daniela
Published: July 2016

Studies on the coordination properties of APTRA reveal the origin of weak binding to Mg2+, and provide clues for design of metal-recognition motifs with enhanced selectivity for applications in sensing.
Room-temperature switching of magnetic hysteresis by reversible single-crystal-to-single-crystal solvent exchange in imidazole-inspired Fe(ii) complexes
Authors: Huang Wei , Shen Fuxing , Zhang Ming , Wu Dayu , Pan Feifei , Sato Osamu
Published: July 2016

Molecular switch ON/OFF magnetic hysteresis around room temperature can be achieved by reversible single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) solvent exchange in imidazole-inspired dihydroquinazoline Fe(ii) complexes.
Synthesis of a labile sulfur-centred ligand, [S(H)C(PPh2S)2]−: structural diversity in lithium(i), zinc(ii) and nickel(ii) complexes
Authors: Thirumoorthi Ramalingam , Chivers Tristram , Häggman Susanna , Mansikkamäki Akseli , Morgan Ian S. , Tuononen Heikki M. , Lahtinen Manu , Konu Jari
Published: July 2016

Structural isomerism: formation of a labile tridentate sulfur-ligand led to the isolation of the first examples of Ohand SP Ni(ii) isomers of the same ligand in [Ni{S(H)C(PPh2S)2}2] and their fluxional behaviour is examined.
Research highlights: examining the effect of shape on nanoparticle interactions with organisms
Authors: Buchman Joseph T. , Gallagher Miranda J. , Yang Chi-Ta , Zhang Xi , Krause Miriam O. P. , Hernandez Rigoberto , Orr Galya
Published: July 2016

We highlight three articles in which investigators assessed the impacts of nanoparticle shape on their interactions with organisms.
Total synthesis of triazole-linked C-glycosyl flavonoids in alternative solvents and environmental assessment in terms of reaction, workup and purification
Authors: Pessel Freddy , Billault Isabelle , Scherrmann Marie-Christine
Published: July 2016

Each step of the total synthesis was optimized to decrease the mass intensity related to the reaction, workup and purification.
Detection and quantification of subtle changes in red blood cell density using a cell phone
Authors: Felton Edward J. , Velasquez Anthony , Lu Shulin , Murphy Ryann O. , ElKhal Abdala , Mazor Ofer , Gorelik Pavel , Sharda Anish , Ghiran Ionita C.
Published: July 2016

Magnetic levitation has emerged as a technique that offers the ability to differentiate between cells with different densities.
Thermally-assisted ultrasonic separation of giant vesicles
Authors: Dolatmoradi Ata , El-Zahab Bilal
Published: July 2016

Using thermo-acoustophoresis, vesicles are separated based on their stiffness at a temperature between the acoustic contrast temperatures of the vesicles.
Estimation of delays in generalized asynchronous Boolean networks
Authors: Das Haimabati , Layek Ritwik Kumar
Published: July 2016

The generalized asynchronous Boolean network model proposed in this paper can reliably mimic the temporal behavior of the Ordinary Differential Equation model without compromising the flexibility of the Boolean network model.
Cellular identity at the single-cell level
Authors: Coskun Ahmet F. , Eser Umut , Islam Saiful
Published: July 2016

Single cell molecular profiling techniques decode cellular identity formation within developing complex tissues and organs in both health and disease.
Improved thrombin binding aptamer analogues containing inversion of polarity sites: structural effects of extra-residues at the ends
Authors: Virgilio A. , Amato T. , Petraccone L. , Filosa R. , Varra M. , Mayol L. , Esposito V. , Galeone A.
Published: July 2016

TBA analogues containing 3′–3′ or 5′–5′ extra-residues adopt chair-like G-quadruplex structures in which a 3′–3′ phosphodiester bond is fundamental for stability.
Phenyl trimethyl ammonium tribromide mediated robust one-pot synthesis of spiro-oxacycles – an economic route – stereoselective synthesis of oxaspirohexacyclodieneones
Authors: Sarkar Debayan , Ghosh Manoj Kumar , Rout Nilendri
Published: July 2016

This paper entails the first recognition of Phenyl Trimethyl Ammonium Tribromide (PTAB) as an effective reagent for spiro-cyclizations proceeding via oxidative dearomatization.
An effective conjugation strategy for designing short peptide-based HIV-1 fusion inhibitors
Authors: Liang Guodong , Wang Huixin , Chong Huihui , Cheng Siqi , Jiang Xifeng , He Yuxian , Wang Chao , Liu Keliang
Published: July 2016

We provide an effective conjugation strategy for designing short peptide-based HIV-1 fusion inhibitors.
A practical synthesis of chiral tricyclic cyclopenta[b]benzofuran, a key intermediate of Beraprost
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Tian Chengsen , Jiao Xiaozhen , Li Xiaoyu , Yang Hongguang , Yao Yangyang , Xie Ping
Published: July 2016

A novel formal synthesis of Beraprost (1) is described.
Self-assembly of isomannide-based monoesters of C18-fatty acids and their cellular uptake studies
Authors: Dhasaiyan Prabhu , Parekh Nimisha , Vijai Kumar Reddy T. , Sandhya Rani G. , Prabhavathi Devi B. L. A. , Prasad B. L. V.
Published: July 2016

The self-assembling behavior of oleic, elaidic and stearic acid-isomannide glycolipids is revealed.
Preparation and properties of vinylphenyl-silicone resins and their application in LED packaging
Authors: Chen Jianjun , Fu Zien , Huang Hengchao , Zeng Xingrong , Chen Zhonghua
Published: July 2016

The results of spectrophotometry and TEM revealed that materials with a higher homogeneity degree of morphological structure could obtain 98.7% of transmittance at a wavelength of 680 nm.
The electrochemical behaviors of tetrahydropalmatine at a nickel nanoparticles/sulfonated graphene sheets modified glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Wang Haihang , Zhai Haiyun , Chen Zuanguang , Liang Zhixian , Wang Shumei , Zhou Qing , Pan Yufang
Published: July 2016

A novel electrochemical sensor was fabricated to determine THP under optimum conditions, with a considerable repeatability, stability and sensitivity. This method has a similar recovery and RSD compared with HPLC.
Computational scrutiny of the effect of N-terminal proline and residue stereochemistry in the nucleation of α-helix fold
Authors: Goyal Bhupesh , Kumar Anil , Srivastava Kinshuk Raj , Durani Susheel
Published: July 2016

N-Terminal l- to d-residue mutation nucleate helical fold in Ac–DAla–LAla3–NHMe (Ib, m2), Ac–DPro–LAla3–NHMe (IIb, m1), and Ac–DPro–LPro–LAla2–NHMe (IIIb, m2) peptides.
Strategies for anti-icing: low surface energy or liquid-infused?
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhang Kaiqiang , Tao Chao , Zhao Yunhui , Li Xiaohui , Zhu Kongying , Yuan Xiaoyan
Published: July 2016

Recent progress on the preparation and surface characteristics of polymeric anti-icing coatings from low surface energy or liquid-infused slippery surfaces is reviewed and illustrated.
Effect of π-spacers and anchoring groups on the photovoltaic performances of ullazine-based dyes
Authors: Qiao He , Deng Yanghua , Peng Ruipeng , Wang Guo , Yuan Jing , Tan Songting
Published: July 2016

Three ullazine-based organic sensitizers were designed, synthesized and applied in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The tuning of π-spacers and anchoring groups led to a variation of the photovoltaic performances.
The effects of denitrification with sludge alkaline fermentation liquid and thermal hydrolysis liquid as carbon sources
Authors: Sun Jian , Sun Mei , Guo Liang , Zhao Yangguo , Gao Mengchun , She Zonglian
Published: July 2016

Nitrate removal using the sludge alkaline fermentation liquid and thermal hydrolysis liquid as external carbon sources was investigated in this study.
pH responsive highly branched poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with trihistidine or acid chain ends
Authors: Swift T. , Lapworth J. , Swindells K. , Swanson L. , Rimmer S.
Published: July 2016

Thermally responsive highly branched poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)s (HB-PNIPAM) were prepared and end-functionalised to give polymers with acid or trihistidine end groups. ​The ionisation of the end groups affects the swelling of desolvated globules.
Probing oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions on bifunctional non-precious metal catalysts for metal–air batteries
Authors: Thippani Thirupathi , Mandal Sudip , Wang Guanxiong , Ramani Vijay K. , Kothandaraman R.
Published: July 2016

Increase in surface coverage by oxygen reduction reaction intermediates with increase in overpotential impeding diffusion of oxygen to the electrode surface.
Mechanism for anomalous luminescence behaviour of Eu2+-doped red-emitting magnesium nitride phosphors
Authors: Long Qiang , Li Yanyan , Wang Yuhua
Published: July 2016

A series of novel red-emitting phosphors Mg3−xN2:xEu2+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.08) were successfully synthesized by solid-state reactions at low temperature.
Sustainable process for the preparation of potassium sulfate by electrodialysis and its concentration and purification by a nanofiltration process
Authors: Trivedi Jaladhi S. , Bhadja Vaibhavee , Makwana B. S. , Jewrajka Suresh K. , Chatterjee Uma
Published: July 2016

A sustainable approach for the production of high purity potassium fertilizer (K2SO4) is highly needed to cope with the food crisis.
Self-assembly of synthetic liposome-like curcumin nanoparticles
Authors: Pawar Nisha , Rawat Kamla , Bohidar H. B.
Published: July 2016

Self assembly of surfactant free liposome-like nanoparticle.
A spray-drying continuous-flow method for simultaneous synthesis and shaping of microspherical high nuclearity MOF beads
Authors: Garzón-Tovar L. , Cano-Sarabia M. , Carné-Sánchez A. , Carbonell C. , Imaz I. , Maspoch D.
Published: July 2016

A novel spray-drying continuous-flow method allows the synthesis of high-nuclearity MOFs as well as multivariate MOFs in the form of compact microspherical superstructures (beads) in good yields and high porosity.
Strong piezoelectricity in [H-β-(2-pyridyl)-Ala-OH][BF4] and [H-β-(2-pyridyl)-Ala-OH][ClO4] – new amino acid based hybrid crystals
Authors: Wojtaś Maciej , Gągor Anna , Kholkin Andrei L.
Published: July 2016

New amino acid based crystals were synthesized and their structure and functional piezoelectric properties were determined. PFM measurements revealed that the piezoelectric coefficient,d15eff, of the [H-β-(2-pyridyl)-Ala-OH][BF4] crystal is more than twice that in LiNbO3.
Full‐vectorial mode solver for bending waveguides with curved dielectric interfaces
Authors: Wang Jiayuan , Xiao Jinbiao
Published: July 2016

A full‐vectorial mode solver in terms of the transverse‐magnetic field components for bending waveguides with curved dielectric interfaces is developed by using multidomain pseudospectral method based on the Chebyshev polynomials basis functions. A curvilinear coordinate transformation is used to map a subdomain with curved boundary onto a unit square. The perfectly matched layers absorption boundary conditions are incorporated into the present method for effectively demonstrating the leaky nature of the bending waveguides. A bending step‐index optical fibre with high index contrast is considered as a numerical example to validate the established method.
Fault estimation for a class of non‐linear systems via full‐column‐rank state variable substitution
Authors: Huang Sheng‐Juan , Yang Guang‐Hong
Published: July 2016

The problem of fault estimation for a class of non‐linear systems with Lipschitzian non‐linearities and faults is studied. In most of the existing fault estimation methods, the coefficient matrix of the fault vector is required to be full column rank, which leads to that the corresponding estimation approaches are conservative and unsuitable commonly for systems with multiple faults or/and subject to disturbances. In this study, this restriction is relaxed. A novel fault estimation method is proposed, where a full‐column‐rank state variable substitution is introduced so as to meet the requirement of fault estimation. The designed estimation observer guarantees the asymptotic stability of the overall error system with a prescribed H ∞ performance. The states and faults can be estimated with good accuracy simultaneously. Then, the proposed estimation approach is further extended to solve the problem of fault estimation for non‐linear systems with multiple faults or/and subject to disturbances. Finally, numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method.
Robust image authentication scheme with self‐repair capability for greyscale source document images via PNG format
Authors: Wang Feng , Lyu Wan‐Li , Pan Jeng‐Shyang
Published: July 2016

Recently, Lee and Tsai proposed a new authentication method for greyscale document images using the portable network graphics format image; however, their method cannot resist the self‐substitution attack, the same‐position‐substitution attack, or the cut‐off attack. Furthermore, those attacks can be completed by the popular image editing software Adobe Photoshop. Therefore, the authors proposed a security‐enhanced authentication scheme based on Lee and Tsai's method. The authors’ proposed scheme uses three random binary sequences to randomise the binary version of a given greyscale document image, and thus overcomes the security flaws mentioned above. The authors’ proposed scheme is capable of repairing the content of the given stego‐image if attacked by the methods mentioned above. Moreover, the authors’ proposed scheme retains all of the strengths of Lee and Tsai's scheme. The authors improve the opacity of the alpha channel of stego‐image by using Wang and Su's extended secret sharing, and enhance the data security by using Hash functions. The experimental results show that the authors’ proposed scheme is effective for application.