bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Thermal Properties of Different Insulating Materials
Authors: Lakatos Akos
Published: February 2014

Currently thermal insulating of the buildings is sorely needed from the point of view of energy as well as money savings. It is important to highlight that the most commonly used insulation materials in the building sector are the expanded polystyrene (EPS), the extruded polystyrene (XPS) and the fibrous (mineral, rock) ones. In this communication we confront 6 different insulating materials slabs (EPS 30, 100, 150, 200, a yellow XPS and a mineral wool by their thermal properties. Therefore two types of hypothetic building structures were created and they were insulated with the above presented materials from 0.01 m to 0.3 m thicknesses. For the calculations the thermal conductivity of each sample was determined using a Holometrix 2000 (HLS) heat flow meter. As a result their heat transfer coefficients, delaying abilities, energy storing capabilities and thermal diffusion coefficients were confronted. Besides a material constant had been defined and was paired with the measured thermal conductivity.
Controlling and Testing of the Uneven Wall Surface
Authors: Nič Milan , Nováčiková Jarmila
Published: February 2014

Paper deals with practices significantly affecting quality and durability of external thermal insulation of the building envelope. Analysis is made by the survey of existing external constructions of buildings, experimental detection of bearing capacity of expansion anchors, including theoretical modelling of their activity in the external wall processed by the ANSYS program. Paper briefly summarizes new findings detected by control and testing activities for additional thermal protection of the building envelope.
Influence of Fluidized Fly Ash on the Selected Physical-Mechanical Properties of the Autoclaved Aerated Concrete
Authors: Struhárová Alena , Unčík Stanislav , Balkovic Svetozár , Hlavinková Mária
Published: February 2014

Fluidized fly ash has different physical and chemical properties compared to fly ash emerging from classic combustion. It contains amorphous phases resulting from a dehydration of clay minerals as well as unreacted sorbent of CaCO3, free CaO and anhydrite (CaSO4). Work targets the possibilities of production of an autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) from fluidized fly ash, and its influence on particular physical-mechanical properties of autoclaved aerated concrete.
Microclimatic Effects of Green Facades in Urban Environment
Authors: Szkordilisz Flóra
Published: February 2014

The processes of the last decades’ – such as climate change, growth of cities, and the decreasing of urban green spaces – increase the risk of overheating during the summer. The significance of vegetable shading is, that through evapotranspiration it can minimise the risk of overheating and the negative effects of urban heat island. Although there are some previous data about the effect of vegetation, there are still questions in the scope of the microclimatic and energetic effect of vegetation planted in front of the façades. The effectiveness of urban vegetation varies on a large scale depending on environmental conditions. For example the effect of street tree lines on wind speed changes in relation with the angle of the axis of the street and the prevailing wind direction. The mentioned dilemma is a major issue of planning urban ventilation. That is why more precise calculations are needed to be able to use urban vegetation properly and most effectively. Scientific research should provide a background for quantifying the effect of urban vegetation so that designers could be helped to use more confidentially the vegetation as an important “building element” in the build-up environment. In order to facilitate vegetable shading the paper presents an attempt for the quantitative evaluation of green facades.
House in Passive Standard - Thermal Bridges
Authors: Palko Milan
Published: February 2014

The paper deals with project proposals, construction and exploitation of house in passive standard. Specific properties of building envelope in energy passive standard. Execution of additional thermal insulating system with heat bridge elimination. Evaluation of applicable design using non-traditional aluminium basis. Elimination of heat flows in window structure.
Microorganism on the Fasades of Residential Panel Housing
Authors: Kubečková Darja
Published: February 2014

In the last years, the cladding panel housing fitted with additional contact insulation, manifests an undesirable side effect in the form of local and nationwide assault façade biotic organisms. The issue of biotic attack cladding panel buildings is closely related to the physical aspects of a building and can not be ruled affect the site and the surrounding environment. Contribution aims to define the basic environment criteria that enable the growth of microorganisms on the façade s of panel housing.
Possibilities of Thermal Analysis for the Evaluation of Construction Materials
Authors: Mec Pavel , Murínová Tereza , Kubečka Karel
Published: February 2014

The article deals with the use of thermal analysis as an effective tool for the evaluation of building materials. The applied method of combined DSC/TG analysis is briefly described. Its utilization is illustrated by analyzing a sample of carbonated concrete. The method has wide application in other sectors, including analysis techniques in forensic science.
Risk Analysis of Asbestos Structures and their Impact on the Internal Environment of Buildings
Authors: Vlček Pavel , Kubečka Karel , Vaculikova Hana , Kubečková Darja , Sojkova Veronika
Published: February 2014

Asbestos products were abundantly used in the civil engineering in 70's and 80's. In some objects they still persist till nowadays namely in office and school buildings where they represent a health risk for people who stay in such premises on a long-term basis. These products have very often negative impacts on health of users of such premises. They negatively influence the internal environment of buildings and its hygienic aspects. One of the possible ways of risk rate evaluation of these aspects on man is using the application of risk analysis.
The Assessment of the Refurbished Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Point of the Climate Change
Authors: Hrabovszky-Horváth Sára
Published: February 2014

Changes in climate have various impacts on the built environment: e.g. the building design and the materials together with the operation and the maintenance. Therefore, it is extremely important to account for the future weather conditions during both the design of new buildings and the renovation of existing buildings.
According to the Hungarian meteorological researches as a consequence of the global warming the climate of Hungary is going to become warmer and drier as well as the number and the intensity of the extreme weather events is expected to grow. One of the main directions of actions in the Climate Change Strategy is the adaptation to the changing circumstances, the improvement of the adaptive capacity of the built environment.
In this study, the prefabricated reinforced concrete large-panel residential buildings are analysed: a bottom-up methodology was developed based on typological approach to assess the vulnerability of the ‘panel buildings’ to climate change by analysing the extreme weather events. After assessing the sensitivity and the adaptive capacity of the determined building types, their vulnerability to the increased number of windstorms and extreme rainfalls was estimated and the influence of their refurbishment was analysed.
The Transition of the Water Steam through the Composition of the Diffusive Closed Circumferential Wall of the Wooden House with the Proper and Improper Realization of Vapor Barrier
Authors: Uvizlová Martina , Bečkovská Tereza
Published: February 2014

The research is focused on measuring of the diffusion of moisture by composition of the diffusive closed circumferential wall of the wooden house with the proper and improper realization of the vapor barrier. To perform this research the experimental wooden house EXDR1 is going to be used. The wall, which would be the validation of measurement, is designed as a closed diffusion. The aim of this research is to compare the measurement results. The measured values of humidity probes are going to be used for the comparison. These probes are going to be located in place of a wooden post and in the field between the posts and the temperature-humidity sensors that are going to be installed only in the field between the posts. Thus, placing the probes to measure humidity of wooden post and the temperature-humidity sensors are going to measure the humidity and the temperature of with the proper and improper realization of vapor barrier (foil) for interior moisture to simulate processes normally happening inside residential buildings with adjustment of pressure in the measured room.
Timber - Traditional Material History or Vision in Architectural Design
Authors: Varga Tibor , Pauliny Pavol
Published: February 2014

Wood belongs among one of the oldest building materials in Slovakia. Historically, it has been used mainly in traditional folk architecture, however in many forms; as a structural and expressive material, it is an inherent part of representative historical architecture. Considerable decline in the use of wood as structural material started in the 2nd half of the 20th century, when building construction industry turned to more progressive materials such as concrete, steel, aluminium, plastics and glass.
Ultra Thin Glass Membranes for Advanced Glazing of nZEB
Authors: Chmúrny Ivan
Published: February 2014

Analysis explains and demonstrates how double, triple and possible quadruple glazing affected energy need for heating and cooling of model office building. The analysis covers the heating and cooling season. The question arises whether to aim at increasing the number of glass panes, or at improving the properties of existing glazing.
Use of Multi-Criteria Optimization for Selection of Building Materials for Reconstruction
Authors: Haliřová Marcela , Rykalová Eva
Published: February 2014

Problematic of optimizing the selection of a suitable building material for reconstruction in the Czech Republic is a frequent topic. The paper reviews the methodology of multi-criteria evaluation of partition walls for the following criteria: the mechanical-physical, technological, economic, but also ecological. The multi-criteria evaluation methodology can be used at an early stage of construction, in the decision process of selecting the most suitable material variants for designing interior non load-bearing walls.
Door Bottom Joint Design and its Influence on Sound Transmission of the Door
Authors: Dlhý Dušan , Minarovičová Katarína
Published: February 2014

The higher the acoustical quality of the door leaf the greater the influence of the bottom gap on the resultant sound insulation of the door. If the design of the door bottom joint and the seal is not correct, any construction of the door leaf in order to increase sound insulation can be ineffective. The greatest influence on sound transmission of the door has the gap with the greatest width a door bottom joint. Modern ways of the sealing of the doorsill gap are able to provide required sound insulation of the door.
Effect of Acoustic Pads' Different Dynamic Stiffness on the Reduction of Impact Sound Level
Authors: Autratová Lenka , Hlavsa Petr
Published: February 2014

Impact sound transmission loss is the ability of structure to absorb impact noise, which is formed by mechanical impulses (steps, falls). The impact noise is then spread to the elements connected to the floor structure, such as the ceiling and surrounding wall. Dynamic stiffness is one of the important parameters that affect the sound insulation of ceiling structures with floating floors. The article deals with the optimal design of acoustic insulation to the floor composition, combining different materials of various thicknesses with various characteristic properties.
Influence of Double Transparent Facades on Acoustic Comfort at the Workplace
Authors: Urbán Daniel , Dlhý Dušan , Tomašovič Peter , Zaťko Peter
Published: February 2014

Comfort in the workplace is a priority for employers to achieve higher efficiency of their employees. The issue of an ideal environment in buildings and improving psycho factors are increasingly current topic. In areas with high noise level (LAeq) in exterior, it is difficult to achieve the acceptable noise level (LAEX,8h) defined in the Regulation of the Government 115/2006, while maintaining the possibility of opening windows in the office. Double transparent facade (DTF) is one of the alternatives to achieve the effect. This paper presents an initial analysis of acoustic measurements DTF focused on the insulation, conducted at the central building of the Ingsteel company in Tomášikova street in Bratislava. The paper is supported by the project VEGA č.1/0358/13.
Mockup Investigation of Lightweight Timber Floor
Authors: Medveď Juraj , Ingeleare Bart , de Geetere Lieven
Published: February 2014

This paper dealt with measurement and analysis of different floor structures and their acoustic optimization towards the improvement of the impact sound insulation. Special attention goes to light weight timber frame constructions with taking in account the low frequency bands. The aim of the research is to create or design acoustic optimized lightweight floor constructions and mainly to find a good solution to achieve the best possible impact sound insulation for lightweight floors with the lowest possible thickness and low cost. Following contribution is first part of mentioned investigation and deal about test results on mockup lightweight construction.
Simulation of Different Acoustic Lecture Room Designs
Authors: Komínková Kateřina , Papranec Michal , Šteffek Libor
Published: February 2014

Room acoustics of the internal environment is among others an important part of good design. The paper deals with the simulation of lecture room acoustic structural modifications. In specific lecture room was measured reverberation time of the current state. Based on the results of the measurements several design variations of acoustic structures have been made to suit the room with a standard requirements for recitation. Subsequently, these measures were modeled and examined in the simulation program. The paper points to the importance of simulations in design of interior acoustic adjustments.
The Assessment of Sports Halls – The Analysis of Reverberation Time, Strength and Clarity
Authors: Jedovnický Martin , Tomašovič Peter
Published: February 2014

This article presents the results of analysis of impulse responses which were obtained from in situ measurement in sports hall called Karlovka. The experiment deals with the comparison of two positions of the measuring microphone which had the identical distance from the sound source and the reverberation time was different in the whole frequency range. The attention was focused on the analysis of suitability of Reverberation time RT, Strength G and Clarity C80 to be used for the assessment of sports halls.
Nearly Zero-Energy Requirements and the Reference Buildings
Authors: Zöld András , Szalay Zsuzsa
Published: February 2014

According to the recast of the European Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings Member States shall ensure that (a) by 31 December 2020, all new buildings are nearly zero-energy buildings; and (b) after 31 December 2018, new buildings occupied and owned by public authorities are nearly zero-energy buildings. It is the responsibility of the Member States to define the measure of nearly.
This paper analyses the challenges of setting the requirements. In order to ensure that the requirements are realistic, they should be checked on reference buildings. The statistical evaluation of a large building sample as reference is recommended instead of using a few typical case studies.
The potential and obstacles of various renewable energy sources are analysed for favourably located buildings and for buildings in urban areas, where solar access and space may be limited. Urban buildings will be able to comply with the requirements only if energy production from renewables on a district or urban scale (off-site) is realized and acknowledged in the energy balance. A case study of apartment buildings shows the future importance of the ratio of the energy collecting surface to the floor area.
A Case Study of the Fire-Resistance of Traditional Brick Vaults
Authors: Fehér Mátyás , Dobszay Gergely
Published: February 2014

The preservation and revitalization of the large number of old buildings in our cities is an important task of sustainable architecture. New and changing functions often pose new requirements for the structures of these buildings; therefore it is also often necessary to verify the fire-resistance of brick vaults. Vaults are robust constructions, but their sizing is not an easy task, because like most old structures their material properties and geometry may be unknown due to their inaccessible position. Vaults that at first estimate appear completely adequate may turn out to be questionable after more detailed calculations.
Application of Risk Analysis by the Evaluation of Buildings Indoor Environment
Authors: Vaculíková Hana , Vlček Pavel , Kubečka Karel , Česelský Jan , Nič Milan
Published: February 2014

In civil engineering we face up to a wide line of risks of mostly technical character (accident hazard, formation of damages or defects). At present a continuous tightening of cladding energy parameters happens within the sphere of residential and civic engineering. With buildings built in the end of the past century it is not possible to meet completely these requirements without a considerable intervention (and not only into the cladding). Risks acting to users of such objects resulting from its use can be evaluated using the risk analysis method.
Assessment and Damage for Building Structures Risk Analysis Methods
Authors: Kubečka Karel , Vlček Pavel , Kubečková Darja
Published: February 2014

The paper introduces an alternative method for damage pricing on buildings in consequence of defects, failures and collapses. The method operates with time-independent price of the structure and following damage on the construction. Using risk analysis methods, the price is reduced depending on technical condition to proper damage and evaluation of the object, building or structure.
Fire Protection Aspects of Low-Energy Buildings
Authors: Takács Lajos Gábor
Published: February 2014

Structures of low energy buildings and passive houses are different from traditional buildings: thick thermal insulations often made of combustible materials -, lightweight skeleton frame loadbearing structures, timber frame constructions are common. Based on laboratory tests of lightweight building products, building structure design principles and the first fire events in passive houses, this article summarizes the main fire protection problems of passive house structures and gives recommendations for appropriate construction of these houses in fire protection aspects.
Instruments for Risk Analysis as an Alternative Decision-Making Method in the Forensic Sciences
Authors: Kubečka Karel , Dobiášová Silvie , Fridrich Jan , Vlček Pavel , Nič Milan
Published: February 2014

The paper introduces an alternative method for damage pricing on buildings in consequence of defects, failures and collapses. The method operates with time-independent price of the structure and following damage on the construction. Using risk analysis methods, the price is reduced depending on technical condition to proper damage and evaluation of the object, building or structure.
Internal Surface Temperatures Short-Term Measurement in the Selected Living Room with Fireplace
Authors: Ponechal Radoslav
Published: February 2014

Fireplaces are still popular and they are mostly used as a supplementary heating source. On the other hand, they bring back to interior some temperature disproportion. The article reports the results of short-term field measurements in two selected homes with dissonant fireplaces and with different level of thermal performance. The measurements investigated the increase and decrease of internal surface temperature on external wall during fireplace operation. It was found, that in a case of preheated interior with high air temperature level, there is a big difference in the dependence of surface temperature on air temperature for irradiated and non - irradiated surface of the external wall.
BRESET - Remote Sensing Technology for Building Physics Research of Structures
Authors: Bečkovský David , Vajkay František
Published: February 2014

For the interaction with certain equipment engineers and scientist do have a need to build a wide range of tools under a dramatically short amount of time. This is what is referred to as BRESET (Building REmote SEnsing Technologies), a development environment created to solve issues, to have an accelerated productivity and be available for continuous innovations. The designed system is based on a credit card size minicomputer which have had brought a revolution to the computing industry, namely the Raspberry Pi, and on a prototyping platform called as Arduino - together ArduPi. From these two units the Raspberry Pi is bound to serve as the brain of the system, while the Arduino is ready to be used as an intermediary element to communicate with the sensors. The units are planned to send data through the widely known and used I2C protocol. This certain combination allows observations to be done for various fields. The connected sensors may be analogue or digital, industrial or DIY type at the exact same time. For example it would be possible to measure humidity, temperature, energy consumption and many more, with the ArduPi. The paper therefore focuses on prototyping in the field of building physics.
BIM - The Process of Modern Civil Engineering
Authors: Fridrich Jan , Kubečka Karel
Published: February 2014

BIM (Building Information Model) as a process (in the world) is known since the seventies, but with increasing pressure from investors to reduce construction costs can assume its massive use. On large construction sites, it could not be managed without it in the future. Next post in the basic range analyzes the current situation of the use of BIM at home and abroad, in the use of options in modern architecture and also indicates which methods to streamline the current design activity.
An Expert System for the Cost-Optimal Refurbishment of Buildings
Authors: Csik Arpád
Published: February 2014

In the present paper we propose a solid theoretical frameworkfor the automatic parametrization of the cost-optimal refurbishment of arbitrary buildings.The parameters describe the structural parts of the building that can be modified or replacedduring the refurbishment process.The methodology also provides the cost-optimal refurbishment costand the corresponding smallest possible total life-cycle operation costconstrained by the available technological and economical limitations.The theory is implemented into the EnergOpt expert system providingfast and accurate answers to cost-optimization problems appearing in common practical applications.The system is built on firm mathematical foundations that is supported by state-of-the-artoptimization algorithms capable of finding good optimums in a short amount of CPU time.The modular structure of the IT implementation facilitates effortless localization in different countries.The application of the system may considerably contribute to the decrease of theheating energy consumption and the corresponding environmental load of the building stock.The practical potential of the technology is demonstrated by the energetic analysisof an existing family house.
Multi-Purpose Utilisation of Historic Building Glass Atrium — Case Study of the Slovak Philharmonic
Authors: Polomová Beata , Vargová Andrea , Chmelík Vojtech , Urbán Daniel
Published: February 2014

This paper deals with an actual problem of covered historic building atriums in Slovakia and their adaptation to the new function concerning building physics parameters. The aim of this contribution is to quantify the parameters of the new covered atriums regarding the sound parameters. The executed measurements in selected atriums were compared with the standard values (reverberation time, flutter echo) considering their new function (cultural, social, health).
The Idea of Modularity and Small Prefabrication of Low-Cost Housing Concepts
Authors: Mikušková Dagmar
Published: February 2014

Projects based on small prefabrication or self-build concepts can help ensure the basic human right to adequate housing in progressive, affordable homes. These projects should represent a flexible system capable of responding to new challenges and application of new technologies, while maintaining the status of socially-oriented housing.
Thermal Bridges Minimizing through Typical Details in Low Energy Designing
Authors: Ingeli Rastislav , Vavrovič Boris , Čekon Miroslav
Published: February 2014

Energy demand reduction in buildings is an important measure to achieve climate change mitigation. It is essential to minimize heat losses in designing phase in accordance of building energy efficiency. For building energy efficiency in a mild climate zone, a large part of the heating demand is caused by transmission losses through the building envelope. Building envelopes with high thermal resistance are typical for low-energy buildings in general. In this sense thermal bridges impact increases by using of greater thickness of thermal insulation. This paper is focused on thermal bridges minimizing through typical system details in buildings. The impact of thermal bridges was studied by comparative calculations for a case study of building with different amounts of thermal insulation. The calculated results represent a percentage distribution of heat loss through typical building components in correlation of various thicknesses of their thermal insulations.
Thermal Bridges Minimizing through Window Jamb in Low Energy Buildings
Authors: Ingeli Rastislav , Vavrovič Boris , Čekon Miroslav , Paulovičová Lucia
Published: February 2014

Building envelopes with high thermal resistance are typical for low-energy buildings. Detailed specification and calculation of each thermal bridge in these buildings should be taken into account. This paper is focused on thermal bridges minimizing through typical window systems in building envelopes. The aim of this article is to analyze the window position influence, as regards on thermal performance and to point out the installation modality in accordance with the characterization of the windows performance. This can be done by quantifying the percentage increment of the window jamb thermal transmittance. The calculated results also demonstrate that there is significant difference between results obtained by various available calculation approaches. This can be significant especially in buildings with high thermal protection.
Thermal Comfort in a Refurbished Low-Energy House: The OEKOHAUS Case Study
Authors: Skoruppa Linda , Pont Ulrich , Schuss Matthias , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: February 2014

This contribution presents the results of a long-term thermal comfort monitoring effort in the so-called OEKOHAUS building in Petronell, Lower Austria. This building mainly acts as an educational facility for the Museum of Natural History of Vienna and includes also office and short-term occupancy spaces. It was established in an existing building, adapted and refurbished in 1996. At the time of refurbishment, it clearly exceeded the applicable standard thermal requirements for building elements. Given the building's unique mixed use, it displays a highly fluctuating occupancy pattern. Subsequent to the recent installment of energy and indoor climate monitoring system, multiple streams of data are being collected. Specifically, indoor environmental variables relevant to thermal comfort in a number of zones in the building have been monitored and evaluated. Collected data include indoor temperature and relative humidity, which were represented and analyzed for different zones of the building in terms of psychrometric charts (for a monitoring period in Winter 2012/13). Moreover, indoor CO2 concentration was monitored to address indoor air quality conditions. The paper presents the monitoring results and their meaning within the larger context of a monitoring-based holistic building performance assessment strategy.
Transformation Determinants of Existing Urban Hotels while Taking into Account all Aspects of Sustainable Development
Authors: Tóthová Zuzana
Published: February 2014

Nowadays, the perspective of city hotels in the competition with the rivals that are successful mixed-use, commercial, social and leisure centers which take hotel the clients, is in their revitalization. Especially older hotels nowadays are almost empty. The reason is simple: they have mostly monofunctional character and they are unable to respond flexibly to the increasing demands of clients. Not only the function, but also the space quality is not developing fast enough to compete with the requirements and trends in the sphere of tourism. Within the revitalization of the existing hotel substances, it is necessary by the use of modern technology to react to environmental considerations. These aspects, for various reasons, whether spatial or technical, cannot always be applied by the reconstruction of objects. This paper devotes to the rules and principles that are essential for the energy efficiency of revitalized hotels. It defines the critical determinants and criteria when creating new spaces based on the efficient use of resources, the ecological principles and the principles of using intelligent technologies. The paper examines simultaneously the impact on their architectural quality, whereas urban hotel has often a very exposed position in the urban areas.
Cost Optimality and/or Sustainability in our Building's Life
Authors: Severnyak Krisztina
Published: February 2014

As energy efficiency is becoming an increasingly important feature, buildings are expected to comply with several criteria and requirements and these criteria are changed and extended with time. The Directive 2002/91/EC of the European Parliament and Commission on the energy performance of buildings and the Directive 2010/31/EU request Member States to apply minimum energy performance requirements. These minimum requirements are indeed applied all over the European Union and should be regularly reviewed. Our research aimed at clarifying whether optimum cost and/or energy efficiency represents the next step towards actual energy efficiency. The Directive brought forth an aspect that should have been prioritized long ago already: Are the construction and refurbishment of buildings in Europe economically feasible The methodology prescribed by the Directive leaves several questions open and provokes further research. The methodology uses costs only as the basis for examining energy consumption and emissions related to already existing, newly constructed or refurbished buildings or refurbishment options. Optimum cost does not necessarily correspond to optimum energy or environmental performance. The price of materials and equipment built in does not always reflect the energy built in or environmental advantages. Subsidies to promote energy efficiency may bias optimum costs. Viewing optimums from the broader aspect of energy consumption, proper results are only yielded by analyses completed for the entire life cycle of buildings. This way, we may decide which characteristics attribute more to a low energy and emission status, i.e. state-of-the-art construction technology or traditional, natural constructing methods such as those used for „conservative eco buildings.” [1]
Optimization of Building Envelope Components Based on Life Cycle Environmental Impacts and Costs
Authors: Medgyasszay Péter , Szalay Zsuzsa
Published: February 2014

Recent national and international building regulations on the energy performance of buildings focus mainly on the reduction of operational energy. This can be achieved by increasing the energy efficiency of the building, installing highly efficient building service systems and applying renewable energy sources. However, these measures have a price in terms of investment costs, and also in terms of environmental impacts. The life-cycle of building materials, building constructions or whole buildings from cradle to grave can be assessed using the method of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Cost analysis (LCC). These tools take into account not only the heating energy saving due to additional insulation, but also the embodied environmental impacts and costs of the investment. In this paper, the optimum thickness of various insulation materials, including natural and recycled materials is examined considering three main environmental indicators and global costs. The analysis is performed for a typical Hungarian single-family house subject to retrofit.
The Effect of Process Parameter on the Second Phase Particles in Al-Ti-B Master Alloys
Authors: Wei Liang Jie , Hu Hua , Hu Zhi Liu , Zhao Yan Jun
Published: February 2014

Al-Ti-B master alloy is an efficient and practical aluminum grain refiner. This paper studies the effect of process parameter on the Second Phase Particles distributions and shape in Al-Ti-B Master Alloys by casting of pure titanium particale method. Emphatically studied three factors of feeding order, superheating temperature and reaction time , then the reasonable process parameters are put forward.
Development of Nano Magnesium Phosphate Materials for Biomedical Application
Authors: Deng Yu Hu , Dong Xie Ping , Ma Xu Hui , Chen Xin Ju , Xu Yi Qiang , Zhang Yu Meng , Jin Chen Chen , Wei Jie
Published: February 2014

Nano agnesium phosphate (n-MP) was synthesized using a chemical precipitation method. The results revealed that the synthesized n-MP with the mean particle size of 79 nm and could be degradable in PBS solution with the weight loss was 70.4w% after soaking for 60 days. The extracts of n-MP caused no cytotoxicity on L929 cells, revealing good biocompatibility, which satisfied the relevant criterion on biomaterials.
First Principles Studies on Structural, Electronic and Optical Properties of SnO2
Authors: Shao Ting Ting , Zhang Fu Chun , Zhang Wei Hu
Published: February 2014

The structural, electronic, and optical properties of rutile-type SnO2 are studied by plane-wave pseudopotential density functional theory (DFT) with GGA, LDA, B3LYP and PBE0 respectively. The computing results show that the band gap getting from PBE0 and B3LYP is much more consistent with the available experimental data than that from GGA and LDA, no matter what the latter use ultra-soft pseudopotential or norm conserving pseudopotential. However, the density of state, real part and imaginary part of dielectric function calculating from every type is basically similar in qualitative analysis.
Optimal Design and Preparation of Novel Radiation Shielding Materials Used for Low Energy γ/X-Ray
Authors: Sheng Bo , Chang Shu Quan , Kang Bin , Zhang Hong Xu , Dai Yao Dong
Published: February 2014

The radiation shielding abilities of functional particles (Sm2O3, Er2O3, WO3and Bi2O3) were simulated and proved to have a stronger absorption region and a weaker absorption region respectively. Four kinds of functional particles/epoxy radiation shielding composites used for low energy γ/Xray were designed based on the edge absorption and synergistic absorption. By optimizing the proportion of functional particles in epoxy composites, the radiation shielding abilities bad been further improved. According to the results of optimal design, a kind of Sm2O3/Er2O3/WO3/Bi2O3/Epoxy composite was prepared and proved to be very efficient to shield low energy γ/X radiation.
Effect on Coal Physicochemical Properties from Added Foreign Chemicals
Authors: Liu Xiao Zhen , Liang Yue , Liang Li Hong , Xu Fang Xing
Published: February 2014

Coal additives can promote coal burning and improve the utilization of coal, thus effectively saving coal resources. Coal additive was found to improve coal calorific value obviously by the tests of coal calorific value with two kinds additives, the maximum of calorific value could be increased by 19% , which indicated that the additives promoted coal combustion . By comparing the experimental data , when added directly , it was the most efficient to improve combustion heat for the dose group of 1% coal formulations. while immersed added, it was 0.5% dose formulations to improve coal combustion heat the most efficiently. The effect of immersed added was better than that of added directly. Through SEM micrographs analysis of coal sample experiments, surface roughness and angle were outstanding for not added coal additives. There are similar in shape of pulverized coal comparing the direct added additive with not added additive. The morphology of coal samples changed while dipping additives on them, coal was partially eroded , spherical trend , which increased the surface area, it was helpful for burning.
Experimental Studies on Coal Permeability Characteristics under Different Pore Pressure
Authors: Li Bo Bo , Yuan Mei , Xu Jiang , Ma Ke Wei , Du Yu Qin
Published: February 2014

Using a self-developed triaxial seepage device, tests of coal samples from Liu Panshui coal mine were carried out to explore the relationship between permeability and pore pressure when effective stress and temperature conditions keep constant as well as the impact of pore pressure on gas seepage. The research results show that: Permeability decreases with the increase of pressure difference between inlet and outlet Δp when effective stress and temperature keep constant; permeability declines in a nonlinear tread with increase of pore pressure and they all have a exponential relationship; when pore pressure is low, permeability decreases faster with changes in pressure difference between inlet and outlet Δp. When gas pressure is low, with pore pressure increasing the gas flow pore narrowed.
Preparation and Characterization of LLM-105 Cocrystal Explosives
Authors: Zhang Shu Hai , Zhao Hai Long
Published: February 2014

Cocrystal explosive can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of explosive and contributed to new unique properties of cocrystal explosive. Based on cocrystal principle, a few recrystallization explosives of LLM-105 were prepared using solvent/non-solvent technique. The prepared samples were analyzed by IR spectroscopy. The results showed that cocrystals such as LLM-105/ HNIW, LLM-105/HMX and LLM-105/RDX can be prepared. Melting point and density of the cocrytals above changed little. It can be inferred the cocrystal explosive will have better energy and their application performances will not reduce obviously.
Study on Solvent Resistance of Ternary Plastic Alloys of PEEK/PEI/PES
Authors: Chen Jian Bing
Published: February 2014

The PEEK/PEI/PES plastic alloys were processed by twin-screw extruder at 370°C separately with five mass ratios of 70/30/0, 70/25/5, 65/30/5, 60/30/10, The solvent resistance were investigated by experiments, their results showed that the concentrated H2SO4resistance of alloy plates had been improved by alloying in 6h, the acetone resistance of mass ratio of 70/25/5 is preferably, increasing the content of PES, the acetone resistance becomes relatively stable, in addition, the chloroform and N, N-dimethyl formamide resistance of mass ratio of 70/25/5 is also preferably, and the polarity of the reagent has a limit influence on solvent resistance of plastics alloy materials.
Influences of the Relative Dimension of Cell and Micropipette and Compressibility of Cells on the Determination of Elastic Properties of Chondrocytes during Micropipette Aspiration
Authors: Li Yong Sheng , Zhang Quan You , Chen Wei Yi
Published: February 2014

In this study, the elastic parameters of rabbit chondrocytes were determined from a sphere model (SM) of micropipette aspiration, in which the relative geometry of cell-micropipette and compressibility of cells were considered. Further, the influences of geometry parameterξ(ξ=R/a,Ris the radius of the cell, andais the inner radius of the micropipette) and Poissons ratioνof cell on the determination of elastic modulusEand bulk modulusKwere evaluated. The results indicated thatξhas marked effect on the calculation ofE, whereasνvarying from 0.2~0.4 is little influential onE. However, the variations ofνcan cause abrupt changes ofK, which may affect the subsequently viscoelastic analysis significantly. This study may be of use for more precise analysis of mechanical behaviors of cells.
Research on Hydrophilicity and Microstructure of Several Plant Leaves
Authors: Wang Qing Cheng , Yang Xiao Dong , Shang Guang Rui
Published: February 2014

This paper studied wettability of several typical plant leaves such as abutilon, Jerusalem artichoke and sunflower, contact angle of several leaves were measured through the contact angle measuring instrument, which were 41.5°, 46.3°and 43.6°respectively. Microstructure of abutilon, Jerusalem artichoke and sunflower leaves were observed by scanning electron microscopy, It found that several typical plant leaves are composite structure of micron scale and nanoscale, covered some long needle-like spikes, this feature has an important influence on hydrophilicity. According to wenzel model, the paper analyzed the relationship between hydrophilicity and microstructures of several plant leaves.
Study on the Optimal Hydrolysis Conditions of Ganoderma lucidum Spore Powder under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Wu Bo , Feng Qing Hua , Geng Li Li , Shu Ke Wen , Zhang Dong
Published: February 2014

In this article, the main influence factors of ganoderma lucidum spore powder hydrolysis in pure water under microwave irradiation were studied by using the method of orthogonal experiment. Weight ratio of ganoderma lucidum spore powder to water, reaction time, microwave power and temperature was considered as the influence factors in detail. It was concluded that the temperature was the main factor in hydrolytic process. The order of the influence factors: temperature > weight ratio of ganoderma lucidum spore powder to water > microwave power > reaction time. And the optimal reaction condition was as the temperature 150 °C, weight ratio of ganoderma lucidum spore powder to water 1:40, microwave power 100 W and reaction time 105 min.
Physical Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of a Poly(lactic acid)/poly(ε-caprolactone) Film Antimicrobial Coating with Chitosan
Authors: Yuan Ming Wei , Wu Yan , Qin Yu Yue , Yuan Ming Long , Li Hong Li
Published: February 2014

In this work a preliminary study on the physical properties and antimicrobial activity of environmentally friendly active films to be produced is presented. Chitosan (CH), which has antimicrobial effect on many food pathogens, was coated as antimicrobial agent into composite poly (lactic acid)/poly (ε-caprolactone)(PLA-PCL) films. Antimicrobial active films based on PLA-PCL were prepared by coating five different chitosan concentrations: 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 %(w/w). The mechanical characterization, water vapor permeability (WVP), and antimicrobial activity of composite PLA-PCL film coating with chitosan were carried out. The mechanical characterization, water vapor permeability of composite PLA-PCL films coating with chitosan was uninfluenced. Antimicrobial activities of films were tested against Staphylococcus aurous, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria, Salmonella. The antimicrobial activity of films were significantly increase with the chitosan concentration. The results of this work suggest that chitosan coated composite PLA-PCL films have a prospectively potential in antimicrobial activity food packaging.
Density Functional Calculations on the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Phosphate Triesters
Authors: Xia Fu Ting , Li Wen Yi , Yang Zhi , Zhu Hua
Published: February 2014

We have performed density functional theory calculations on the alkaline hydrolysis of diethyl p-chlorophenyl phosphate and triethyl phosphate in the gas phase and in solution. It is found that the two hydrolysis reactions proceed through associative mechanism. The second step of hydrolysis reaction has a very low energy barrier fro diethyl p-chlorophenyl phosphate. For triethyl phosphate, the free energy barrier for the second step is higher both in the gas phase and in solution, indication the second step is the rate-determining step. The free energies of all stationary points and the free energy barrier for all the processes in solution are higher than those in the gas phase. Our calculations provide a comprehensive data set and allow re-interpretation of previous experimental and theoretical studies, and new experiment is proposed to trace reactions both in the gas phase and in solution.
Rheological Property of Sodium Alginate-Agar-Montmorillonite Ternary Solution
Authors: Ma Nan Song , Pang Su Juan , Xu Nai , Pan Li Sha , Li Guang Mao , Lin Qiang
Published: February 2014

The rheological properties of sodium alginate (SA)/agar (AR)/montmorillonite (MMT) solutions were investigated using a rotational viscometer. The dependence of solution apparent viscosity on rotation speed, MMT proportion and solution temperature were researched systematically. Furthermore, the relation of apparent viscosity and micro-structure of the ternary solution was also discussed.
Review of the Study on Load Capacity of Oil-Film Bearings
Authors: Yu Xiang Jun , Li Zuo Xin , Shen Ke Nan , You Shuang , Wu An Jun
Published: February 2014

The oil-film bearings are widely used in mechanical transmission due to the good performance. In normal operating conditions, the journal and bearing shell are separated by the oil film, which contributes to the reduction of wear. And the stability and reliability of oil film has a great effect on load capacity. The paper briefly introduces research methods of the load capacity of oil-film bearings and points out some aspects of large oil-film bearings for in-depth study. Then combining dynamic simulation with experimental test on the scaled model of whole machine, a dynamic research idea is presented for large oil-film bearings.
The Research of the Zn2TiO4 Films Grown by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Zhang Shu Juan , Li Ming Sheng , Feng Shang Lin , Cao Chong
Published: February 2014

The uniform and transparent Zn2TiO4series thin films were successfully deposited on medical glass slide by magnetron sputtering. The influences of the Zn-doped quantity and annealing treatment on films properties were investigated. Film structure, surface morphologies and optical properties were measured with XRD, SEM and UV-VIS transmittance spectroscope. The results show that the Zn-doped quantity and annealing treatment have influence on the absorption edges. The absorption edges of the films can increase 10nm after annealing treatment. The intensity of c-series ZnTiO3diffraction peaks is higher, which may be that the grain size is bigger and the crystallization is complete. The annealing treatment not only growing up grain size of composite films, but also the surface films have tiny crack phenomenon.
A Three Dimensional Microstructure Sphere Model of Cement Hydration
Authors: Qiu Xiao Lin , Zhou Yi Ren , Wu Lang , Lei Bin
Published: February 2014

A microstructure kinetic model is introduced for the hydration of cementitious materials.The hydration degree is mainly controlled by chemical reaction or diffusion rate in hydrate process of cement. According to evolution of characteristic parameters in two main processes, the hydrated kinetic equations is given in the paper. The kinetic equations can simulate the main hydrated processes, and an understanding on the hydration mechanism of cement can be emphasized. Chemical reaction dominates in the early stage of hydration, diffusion rate becomes the dominating factor gradually as the hydration degree increases.