bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Приемы создания портрета главного героя в якутском эпосе (на материале текстов олонхо «Нюргун Боотур Стремительный» П. А. Ойунского и «Строптивый Кулун Куллустуур» И. Г. Тимофеева-Теплоухова)
Authors:   Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Research Institute of Olonkho (42, Kulakovsky St., 677000 Yakutsk, Russian Federation), Savvinova Gulnara E.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The article examines Yakut heroic olonkho epics — Nyurgun Bootur the Swift by P. Oyunsky and Kulun Kullustuur the Obstinate by I. Timofeev-Teploukhov — for techniques employed to create portraits of main characters. According to N. Yemelyanov, the olonkho Kulun Kullustuur the Obstinate recorded from taleteller I. Timofeev-Teploukhov clusters with earliest patterns of archaic epic, while that of Yakut writer P. Oyunsky (Nyurgun Bootur the Swift) is the first literary adaptation of olonkho texts. The study attempts an insight into how and which particular portrayal techniques were used by P. Oyunsky and I. Timofeev-Teploukhov to depict main characters of theirs. The comparative approach to the narratives recorded in different periods shall make it possible to trace the use of portrayal techniques, which shall underline the unique artistic features characterizing each of the taletellers, and show how such portrayal patterns developed to gain deeper associative essentials in further olonkho texts. Goals. The study aims to identify some distinct features inherent to the techniques of creating main characters’ portraits in the olonkhos Nyurgun Bootur the Swift and Kulun Kullustuur the Obstinate, and outline ethnic specifics in portrayal characteristics. To facilitate this, the paper shall classify portrayals, articulate types of techniques and their functions in portraying a main character, identify stable formulas employed to depict heroes, determine specific features of portrayal as a key technique for the making of an epic hero. The work reviews the existing types of epic portraits, their functions and attributes, examines some visual means serving to unveil the images of main characters. Results. The study attests to the examined narratives are characterized by an increased stability of depictive portrayals with peripheral parts (artistic and emotional epithets) tending to vary. Each such depictive portrayal proves multifunctional, semantically wide, and technically relevant. The descriptions of the heroes’ appearances are somewhat idealized and rich in comparisons, repetitions, evaluative epithets. Portrayal agendas of P. Oyunsky vary through history and depend on actual artistic methods and style employed by the author who pays special attention to fictional details depicted in the context of folk traditions. The study of the techniques helps identify which innovative tools P. Oyunsky used when he was creating his Nyurgun Bootur the Swift.
Двусторонние экономические отношения между Россией и Вьетнамом: текущее состояние и перспективы развития
Authors:   RUDN University (6, Miklouho-Maclay St., 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation), Manshin Roman V. , Sokolan Daria S. , Minovska Mila , Tinkova Arina A.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The long-living and eventful Russia-Vietnam economic relations date back to the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance. Nowadays the continued deepening of these ties is occurring as part Eurasian integration. Goals. The article seeks to reveal further development prospects for bilateral relations and attempts an insight into the latter’s state of the art. Materials and methods. The work examines data from the UN Comtrade, Bank of Russia, Rosstat, Ministry of Internal Affairs, and those contained in Russian Statistical Yearbooks. Results. The recent years have witnessed a growing dynamics in trade cooperation between Russia and Vietnam. The paper notes it is trade in services plays a significant role in the interstate economic relations. The analysis of investment cooperation reveals an imbalance in investment flows in favor of Vietnam. The FDIs in oil production and trade have been identified as key investment endeavors. As for migration, Vietnam is defined as a donor country, and our analysis of migration flows shows the Russian Federation is simply not considered as a preferred destination for Vietnamese migrants. The article also pays attention to the change in the structure of Vietnam-to-Russia migration flow and articulates some underlying reasons. Conclusions. Despite the intensification of trade relations, none of the countries has implemented its export potential to the full. As for FDI cooperation, textile industry, wind power and IT sector stand out as promising areas. Another area for the development of bilateral relations is educational migration, since there is definitely still room for Russia to increase its attractiveness among Vietnamese youth.
Реализация государственной политики в области здравоохранения в 1970-е гг. (на примере Калмыцкой АССР)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Baduginova Margarita V.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The article examines the development of Soviet Kalmykia’s healthcare that was included into the public health system of the USSR. Chronologically, the study covers the Ninth and Tenth five-year plans, fragmentary insights into the Eighth one to yield comparative statistical data. Goals. The work seeks to analyze and reveal some distinct features characterizing the development of Soviet Kalmykia’s healthcare throughout the 1970s as part the then state health agenda. The paper focuses on state policies pursued during the Ninth and Tenth five-year plans, describes the region’s general conditions, some changes in the budget process which directly influenced healthcare in the Republic, composition of capital investments, dynamics of health-related material support, and staffing issues. Materials and methods. The study widely employs the statistical (quantitative) method to trace qualitative and quantitative changes in the health system of the Kalmyk ASSR during the period under consideration. The chronological and retrospective methods make it possible to examine the Republic’s healthcare in actual historical contexts and to implement a retrospective analysis free from any ideological factors. The paper considers documents and statistical material from the State Archive of the Russian Federation, National Archive of Kalmykia, and a number of related publications. Results. The study reveals some key trends in the organization of medical and sanitary services, delineates public health policies in the region and nationwide, delves into the legislative framework that shaped the basis for public health in the whole country. The medical network development of the 1970s delivered qualified medical services to rural inhabitants and dwellers of remote areas. The undertaken measures improved and diversified health maintenance patterns both in region- and district-level treatment/prevention facilities.
Чонос, тайджиут, хашханер: в поисках общего знаменателя (по материалам STR-гаплотипов Y-хромосомы R2a-M124 у калмыков)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Dzhagrunov Sanal V. , Buluktaev Aleksey А. , Namysov Bair S. , Matsakova Dayana I. , Sajanov Vasilij T.  , Adyanova Altana B.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Despite the centuries-long research, ethnic history of Kalmyks (Oirats) and Mongols at large still contains a number of unanswered questions. Recent academic insights into gene pools of Eurasian and, specifically, Mongolian peoples may be instrumental in revising some aspects of history, refuting others, and confirming the remainder. The Kalmyk gene pool investigation has so far been reduced to the level of sub-ethnic groups, while it is that of clans claiming common patrilineal descent which seems most promising when it comes to the study of Turko-Mongolian nomads. Goals. The paper attempts an analysis of Kalmyk R2a-M124 Y-STR haplotypes by clans and articulates a hypothesis as to possible ethnohistorical roots of the lineage. Materials. The study examines a total of forty three STR haplotypes of the mentioned Y-chromosomal subclade identified by Kalmyk Scientific Center (RAS) with the aid of AmpFLSTR YfilerTM Plus PCR Reagents. Results. The study shows bearers of the subclade largely represent Kalmyk clans with names containing the lexical unit ‘chonos’, and ones attesting to the clans had been founded by some noblemen, namely: Taichiud (Kalm. тәәҗүд ‘tayijis, princes’), Khashikhanar (Kalm. хашхнр ‘chiefs of appanages, governors’), Saiduud (Kalm. сәәдүд ‘superior ones, noblemen’), Kha(а)nud (Kalm. хаануд ‘Khans, rulers’). The paper articulates a hypothesis suggesting the lineage may descend from rulers of the Khoid Oirats and via the latter — from Quduqa-bäki of the medieval Oyïrad, and even further up to Duwa-soqor and the legendary ancestor of all Mongols — Bӧrtä-Čïno.
Особенности традиционной одежды этнических тувинцев Монголии
Authors:   Aldan-Maadyr National Museum of the Tyva Republic (30, Titov St., 667000 Kyzyl, Russian Federation), Khovalyg Rolanda B. , Khomushku Anchy V. ,   Tuvan State University (36, Lenin St., 667000 Kyzyl, Russian Federation)
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The article summarizes some outcomes of the November 2022 expedition to Bayan-Ölgii (Tsengel) and Khovd Provinces of Mongolia for the study of traditional clothing worn by ethnic Tuvans. Goals. The paper attempts a review of distinct features inherent to garments of Mongolia’s Tuvans, identifies similarities and differences therein as compared to corresponding patterns of the mother ethnos — Tuvan people (Tyva ulus) of the Tyva Republic (Russian Federation). The work analyzes the reasons which resulted in that Tuvans of Mongolia were separated from the mother ethnos (Tuvans of Russia), examines various types of their traditional clothing, and differences in names of the latter’s elements. The Expedition has identified some common backgrounds of clothing patterns adopted by Tuvans of both Mongolia and Russia. The latter are primarily manifested in women’s agai tonu and sleeveless shegedek, bürgüül and toorchak headgears (Mongolia’s Tuvans), women’s ibchi-ton, sleeveless shegedek, dovurzak and büdeelge headgears (Russian Tuvans). The fact ethnic Tuvans have long lived next to Mongols has resulted in the former’s mongolization — both in terms of language and culture. Those are garment names that differ most of all. However, the article introduces a decent scholarly insight into the understudied topic of Tuvan clothing in Mongolia. It also publishes data collected from tailors with expertise in clothing of Khovd and Bayan-Ölgii Tuvans, and examines available items for differences and similarities in traditional Tuvan costumes of Russia and Mongolia.
Отражение религиозно-теологических представлений ислама в башкирских, узбекских и таджикских пословицах в свете теории культурно-языкового трансфера
Authors:   RUDN University (6, Miklouho-Maclay St., 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation), Lomakina Olga V. , Saitbattalov Iskander R. , Saitbattalova Iuliia A. , Khushkadamova Khalimakhon O. ,   Ufa University of Science and Technology (32, Zaki Validi St., 450076 Ufa, Russian Federation),   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University) (76, Vernadsky Ave., 119454 Moscow, Russian Federation)
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The article shows how Bashkir, Uzbek and Tajik proverbs reflect religious ideas of the Islamic peoples. Goals. The study examines a certain thematic group of Bashkir, Tajik and Uzbek proverbs containing religious and theological concepts to illustrate how the Muslim profession of faith yielded somewhat linguistic and cultural transfer. Materials and methods. The paper analyzes patterns contained in the authors’ proverbial database compiled via continuous sampling from a variety of dictionaries (75 publications) and survey results of different aged Bashkir, Tajik and Uzbek native speakers (20 individuals). The employed techniques rest on value criteria when it comes to select value constants, highlight some semantic condensate, and conduct comparative analyses. Results. The contrastive insights into proverbial collections of the three languages that form a sort of a triangle of interconnections (Bashkir and Uzbek — cognate languages, Tajik and Uzbek — contacting ones) are indicative of which religious and theological ideas of Islam did prove most required by the latter’s speakers, stable in relation to external influences, and would receive further axiological comprehension as ‘their own’. Conclusions. The identification of semantic dominants shows a commonality of the languages under consideration. The partial coincidence of the three paremiological clusters is explained by the cultural and linguistic transfer, when Muslim ideas penetrated into the Turkic language environment through Iran and its cultural mediation, while it is through Central Asia that the former arrived in the South Urals. All this attests to a complicated and multi-stage cultural and linguistic transfer ignited by Islam.
Лингвоаксиологический анализ калмыцких пословиц и поговорок с пищевым компонентом (на русском и французском паремиологическом фоне)
Authors:   RUDN University  (6, Miklouho-Maclay St., 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation), Neliubova Natalia Yu. , Dugalich Natalia M. , Kadilina Olga A. , Kol Choduraa Sh. ,   Kutafin Moscow State Law University (9, Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya Str, 125993 Moscow, Russian Federation),   Secondary School of the Village of Toora-Khem named after Leonid Chadamba (26, Sovetskaya str., 668530 Toora-Khem village, Todzhinsky District, Republic of Tyva)
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The article presents an analysis of Kalmyk food-related proverbs and sayings — comparing the latter to paremiological units of European languages from an axiological perspective. Goals. The study attempts a linguoaxiological analysis of Kalmyk proverbs with gastronomic components and compares them to Russian and French paremiological units. Materials and methods. The paper focuses on a database of paroemias selected via continuous sampling from a variety of dictionaries. The author’s database contains a total of 1,500 paroemias, 260 units have been used in a detailed linguoaxiological analysis, and the article publishes ca. 60 most representative examples. The work employs a complex methodology which includes the steps as follows: to compile an individual cluster of paroemias with gastronomic components for each language; calculate a frequency of gastronomic components and semantically relate the latter to values; characterize emotional and evaluative language means instrumental in correlating gastronomic images with the axiological meaning of a paroemia; analyze Kalmyk paroemias against Russian and French ones via the comparative method. Results. The analysis of paroemias with food components of the three not that closely related languages has showed their high axiological potential. The most frequent components tend to reflect peculiarities of lifestyles and traditions once adopted by the investigated ethnic groups. The material of the three languages is indicative of some correlations within the following values (value dyads): life, knowledge, faith and religion, wealth – poverty. Despite the evident typological differences, the means of expressing evaluativity and their role in creating axiological meanings of paroemias in the three languages have a number of similarities. Conclusions. Such insights into the culturally significant food component in paroemias of Asian and European languages are indicative enough when it comes to investigate the functioning of ethnic value systems, including in terms of their cultural orientations, such as actual degrees of trends towards sociocentrism, primary orientations towards spiritual or material values.
Заимствования и кодовые переключения в башкирском языке (на примере караидельского говора)
Authors:   Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS (71, Oktyabrya Ave., 450054 Ufa, Russian Federation), Ishkildina Linara K.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. In contact linguistics, the problem of differentiating between code switches and loanwords is relevant enough, which arises from that there are no unified research approaches thereto, and consequently nor there any precise definitions for the phenomena and classification criteria. The difficulties in distinguishing between the two linguistic processes result from that in intensive language contacts they tend to gain more similarities in terms of phonology, morphology and syntax — rather than differences. Some scholars argue that code-switching is the first stage in the development of a token in a matrix language, i.e. the lexemes had been code switches before they became ‘nuclear’ borrowings. The process of switching codes in speech is associated with the phenomenon of mass bilingualism. Goals. The problem of code-switching is understudied in Bashkir linguistics, and the paper attempts to distinguish the former from borrowings in the context of Bashkir-Russian bilingualism. Materials and methods. The study analyzes transcribed recordings of colloquial Bashkir (from speakers of Karaidel, a dialect of northwestern Bashkir) obtained during the author’s expeditions of 2022 and 2023. When it comes to describe code-switching, the workr employs Myers-Scotton’s Matrix Language Frame model. The article deals with intraphrasal switches in the form of inclusions and insular switches within one sentence. Results. The study identifies some difficulties of distinguishing between borrowings and code switches. According to G. Chirsheva, borrowings are divided into cultural and occasional (nuclear) ones. The latter are essentially and functionally close to code switches. K. Myers-Scotton presumes their main differences can be reduced to that code switches are used in individual cases (or no more than three times) and are not included in the mental lexicon of the matrix language. Therefore, barbarisms, such as еще / ищо, уже / ужы, вис, сәпсим, etc., which are often used in the speech of bilingual Bashkirs, must be referred to as occasional / nuclear borrowings (according to G. Chirsheva), while individual foreign-language inclusions be considered code switches.
Золотоордынские караванные пути и караван-сараи на юге и юго-западе Западного Казахстана и юге Волго-Уральского междуречья в XIII–XVI вв.
Authors:   Saraishyq State Reserve Museum of History and Culture (11, Myrzagali St., 060707 Saraishyq, Republic of Kazakhstan), Muktar Abilseiit K. , Akhmetova Ulzhan T. , Imashev Eduard Zh. ,   Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University (1, Studenchesky Ave., 060011 Atyrau, Republic of Kazakhstan),   Utemisov West Kazakhstan State University (162, Nazarbayev Ave., 090000 Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan)
Published: January 2024

Introduction. In West Kazakhstan and the Volga-Ural interfluve, it is Golden Horde cities, caravan routes, and caravanserais that remain as under- or uninvestigated. Particular attention be paid to the necessity of exploring caravan routes and caravanserais from Urgench to Saraychik (Saray-Jük), and from Saraychik to the Volga Golden Horde cities. Goals. The study seeks to systemize and analyze materials on caravan routes and caravanserais in the south and southwest of West Kazakhstan and in the south of the Volga-Ural interfluve. It also aims at reconstructing some functioning patterns of caravan trade routes from Saraychik to the Volga Golden Horde cities in the thirteenth to sixteenth centuries. So, the paper shall systemize and examine archaeological, ethnographic, archival data and sources on the Golden Horde cities, caravan routes, and caravanserais across the mentioned territories; describe some identified caravan routes and caravanserais. Materials and methods. The work focuses on materials from archaeological excavations in Kazakhstan, Russia, and Uzbekistan; considers outcomes of field (expeditionary) historical, geographical, and ethnographic surveys conducted across Mangystau and Atyrau Regions of Kazakhstan in 2019–2022; performs analyses of geographical maps. The research methodology includes general scientific, historical, and geographical tools and techniques. Results. The paper basically systemizes the efforts undertaken by scholars affiliated to Saraishyq State Reserve Museum of History and Culture (Kazakhstan). The field (expeditionary) surveys have identified more Golden Horde sites and settlements to yield an improved map of caravan routes. At large, the article provides a general territorial scheme of caravan routes and caravanserais from the Golden Horde period across the south and southwest of West Kazakhstan and the south of the Volga-Ural interfluve. Conclusions. Our insights attest to that the Golden Horde caravanserais and caravan routes were characterized by quite efficient territorial patterns in the examined regions that grew to shape a comprehensive transit-trade system for the transfer of people, goods, and knowledge along a northern branch of the Silk Road.
некоторых вопросах повседневной жизни калмыков Астраханской губернии в начале XIX в.: позиция калмыцких владельцев (на материале ответов на запросы Главного пристава)
Authors:   Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University (11, Pushkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Komandzhaev Alexandr N. , Ochirov Baatr V. , Bovaev Nikolay B.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The study examines some aspects of everyday life once led by inhabitants of Kalmyk uluses (Astrakhan Governorate). The relevance of the topic arises from the necessity to compile a more complete panorama of Kalmyk life witnessed by the period when Russian and local authorities were seeking for ways of introducing the region into Russia’s administrative and political agenda. Goals. So, given that the topic has remained somewhat understudied, the paper aims to characterize some aspects of everyday life viewed by governorate-level officials as ‘bottlenecks’ in the path toward Russia’s integration of Kalmyk society. Materials and methods. The work focuses on records-keeping material primarily housed at the State Archive of Astrakhan Oblast, and introduces the former into scientific circulation. The study basically employs both general scientific and special historical approaches, with particular roles be played by the method of systems analysis and principles of historicism and objectivity. These have proved most instrumental in outlining a true panorama of Kalmyk nomadic life in the second decade of the nineteenth century. Results. The paper characterizes some questions and proposals set forth by the civil Governor on various aspects of Kalmyk life — and related opinions of local landlords and ulus rulers. Conclusions. Our insights into the material attest to that most important issues of everyday life across Kalmyk uluses in the early nineteenth century included those of land, interior affairs, and trade. The then Kalmyk elites and governorate-level officials did come to consensus on some points, while others proved controversial enough.
Обзор документов из Аральского районного архива Кызылординской области Республики Казахстан
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Orlova Keemya V.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The year 2023 commemorates the 80th anniversary of the Kalmyk deportation (28 December 1943) to the eastern parts of the Soviet Union. In December 1943, ethnic Kalmyks were groundlessly repressed and forcibly relocated from native lands to be scattered across Siberia toward the Far East and Extreme North for the long thirteen years (1943–1957). Key aspects of Kalmykia’s contribution to the Great Victory have been duly investigated. However, the deportation and exile proper had remained untackled for quite a long time, and this period of Kalmyk history still lacks comprehensive investigation. It is urgent to assemble a complete picture of how people were relocated and survived in special settlement areas, which makes further endeavors aimed at obtaining additional related material timely enough. In February 2023, Kalmyk Scientific Center (RAS) arranged a scientific expedition to the Republic of Kazakhstan for documentary material on Kalmyks deported to the Kazakh SSR. The employees were granted a unique opportunity to consider documents housed at the Archive of the President of Kazakhstan, repositories of Almaty Region, Qyzylorda Region, and Aral District Archive proper. Goals. The article attempts a review of some documents discovered at Aral District Archive (Qyzylorda Region, Kazakhstan) and dealing with Kalmyks deported from Lagansky Ulus of the Kalmyk ASSR in the late 1943. Materials. So, the paper focuses on official papers contained in the mentioned repository and related scholarly publications. Conclusions. Insights into the documents prove instrumental enough in outlining how residents of Lagansky Ulus were relocated to the target territory and adapted to new living conditions. The former primarily deal with the years 1944, 1946, 1948, and 1950. However, even the reduced data are of utmost significance. The still unanswered questions are how many residents of the Ulus were deported to the Kazakh SSR and Siberian territories, and what the actual proportions were. The archival papers say that in January 1944, the Bureau of Aral District Party Committee and District Soviet of Workers’ Deputies decided to accept and accommodate a total of 745 households to be engaged in local fisheries. Another dispatch of April 1944 addressed to the Secretary of Kazakhstan Party Committee and the Head of Qyzylorda NKVD Department mentioned 1,200 individuals or 400 households of ‘special settlers’, while additional 2,200 fishermen and their family members were accepted thereafter. So, the actual number of accommodated Kalmyks was larger than the one in published scholarly works. Further detailed insights into the papers from Aral District Archive shall shed light on living conditions and challenges faced by relocated residents of Lagansky Ulus across special settlement areas.
Новые данные по радиоуглеродной хронологии неолитических комплексов Виловатовской стоянки
Authors:   Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education (65/67, Gorky St., 443099 Samara, Russian Federation), Andreev Konstantin M. , Somov Anatoly V. , Kulkova Marianna A. ,   Herzen University (48/12, Moyka Emb., 191186 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The article presents some latest absolute dates for Neolithic pottery from the Vilovatoye site, the latter being characterized by a most impressive pottery collection from the Middle and Late Neolithic across the forest-steppe Volga River basin. Goals. The work shall introduce a series of radiocarbon dates for Neolithic patterns of the Vilovatoye site. To facilitate this, the paper shall describe the vessels that yielded such radiocarbon dates, analyze and interpret the absolute values, compare the latter to those of the Middle Volga culture. Materials and methods. In 2018–2019, shards from a total of fourteen Neolithic vessels excavated in the site of Vilovatoye were selected. Four of them were decorated with pricks of different shapes, one bore pricks combined with blackened lines, and nine vessels had comb stamps. Radiocarbon dating by liquid scintillation was conducted at the Radiocarbon Laboratory of Herzen University. Results. The pricked vessels of the Vilovatoye site dated from the third quarter of the 6th millennium BC to the second quarter of the 5th millennium BC. These results tend to well correlate with dates yielded by pricked pottery of the Middle Volga culture. The shards of the vessel decorated with pricks and blackened lines were dated to the first half of 5th millennium BC. The absolute dates for the comb-imprinted pottery cluster within a vast interval — from the last quarter of the 6th millennium BC to the third quarter of the 5th millennium BC. So, the latter dates also well correlate with available radiocarbon values for comb-ornamented pottery of both the Vilovatoye site and the Middle Volga culture. Conclusions. The newly obtained radiocarbon values shall significantly add to the set of dates for the Middle Volga culture. Those are evidence that the traditions of pricked and comb-stamped pottery somewhat co-existed — on the Vilovatoye site in particular, and within the Middle Volga culture at large.
Georgian Traces in the History of the Chuvash
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the RAS (3, Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation), Salmin Anton K.
Published: January 2024

The paper deals with the Transcaucasian prehistoric period in the history of the ancestors of the Chuvash people. Goals. The study aims to identify and analyse the sources and literature on the topic relating to events of the 7th to 1st centuries BC. Materials and methods. The work employs a complex approach to the examination of the material, which made it possible to analyse the sources and the thoughts of predecessors consistently and systematically. The study focuses on works of historians, ethnographers and linguists about the ethnic groups that previously inhabited and now inhabit the areas to the south of the Greater Caucasus. The sources that proved important include the works by such historians as Herodotus (5th century BC), Apollonius of Rhodes (3rd c. BC), Pseudo-Orpheus (4th c. AD), Priscus Panionensis (5th c.), Menander Protector and Stephanus of Byzantium (both 6th c.). The paper also makes use of some pronouncements by such remarkable researchers as Andrey Golovnev, Sergey Arutyunov, Alikber Alikberov, Nicholas Berdzenishvili, Vera Budanova, Murtazali Gadzhiev, and David Muskhelishvili. Results. Impartial investigation shows that the ethnonym of the Chuvash has undergone a lengthy course of transformation through history in the form of Savir (Saspir/Sapir, Savar, Sabir) → Suvar (Suvas, Suvan) → Suvash → T’šăvaš (Chuvash). As far back as the 7th century BC, to the southeast of Colchis a large confederation of tribes headed by the Saspirs came into being. The study reveals and confirms traces in the pre-history of the distant ancestors of the Chuvash that are shared with the peoples of Georgia. In the period under examination, the historical forerunners of the Chuvash lived in a territory between Media and Colchis, between the Medes and the Colchians. In the 3rd century BC and the 3rd century AD, they were recorded to inhabit the Chorokh River valley. Alongside historical events, the publication traces ethnographic parallels with the ancient Georgian peoples and some shared elements of vocabulary.
Антропология холода: восприятие деградации мерзлоты сельскими жителями Республики Саха (Якутия)
Authors:   Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (1, Petrovsky St., 677027 Yakutsk, Russian Federation), Vinokurova Liliia I. , Grigorev Stepan A.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The Sakha Republic (Yakutia) — the largest northeastern federal subject of Russia — is distinguished by that it rests on permafrost. The present-day permafrost degradation has significant impacts on rural everyday life characterized by persistent traditional economic practices largely dependent on environmental conditions. Goals. The article seeks to analyze some local experiences of human adaptations to current and potential threats resulting from permafrost thawing and cold deficit. Materials and methods. To facilitate this, the paper shall introduce materials collected during 2019, 2020 and 2022 field surveys, the former to include expert interviews, results of questionnaires filled in by residents of Amga village, and our visual landscape observations. Historical and anthropological approaches prove most instrumental, as is the personal history method that focuses on the respondents’ individual perceptions of the ongoing changes. Results. The study identifies some patterns of individual behavior adopted by rural residents in the face of emerging climate threats. Special attention is paid to separate aspects of how various rural groups tend to perceive permafrost degradation. The paper resumes that the most pressing challenges include agricultural land reduction, deterioration of rural housing stock and social infrastructure. It has been revealed that residents of Amga village strive to adapt to the current changes via the use of new technologies and introduction of modern construction elements that used to be rare or completely absent in rural practices. The work emphasizes there are both direct and indirect threats — including the ‘delayed’ ones — resulting from the changes in permafrost soils. So, certain direct risks for the traditional livestock-breeding and agricultural agendas do increase pressure on social stability and employment.
«Святое поле»: социальная и культурная память о депортациях в сельском ландшафте юга Западной Сибири (на примере Алтайского края)
Authors:   Altai State Pedagogical University (55, Molodezhnaya St., 656031 Barnaul, Russian Federation), Shcheglova Tatiana К.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The article deals with the memorialization of victims of deportations and contemporary commemoration practices witnessed in Siberian recipient society. Goals. The study attempts an insight into the deportation-related memories of recipient communities, memorialization means and trends, commemoration forms in the region’s society and cultural environment. The hypothesis is that the memorialization processes were actually (and largely) ignited among the deported peoples (and their local autonomies) by Russian government policy of the 1990s. It was the rehabilitation of Soviet ethnic deportees that triggered the memorialization movement and the emergence of related commemorations. The publication presents results of the long term research into memories of rural Siberians conducted through the methods of oral history and ethnology. Materials and methods. The study focuses on eyewitness accounts and interviews with individuals representing the once recipient communities, commemoration sites that include not only monuments to deported victims installed in the Altai but also some traces of deportations evident from folk toponymy, rural housing stock, burials across local cemeteries, and other types of ‘memory solidification’. Results and conclusions. The paper seeks to supplement the published history and historiography of deportations — largely based of the deportees’ memories and experiences — with insights into perceptions of recipient communities and Siberian cultural landscapes. Special attention is paid to certain distinguishing features of the memorialization processes and ways in places of actual residence and death of the deportees and related commemoration forms. The work also strives to reveal an actual correlation between the ‘downward’ (from government agencies) and ‘upward’ (from the public) initiatives, and specifically the contribution of rural Siberian population to the memorialization of deportations in the 1990s–2020s.
Особенности фразеологического моделирования гендерных стереотипов в тюркских языках
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (33A, Abai Ave., 010000 Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan), Bakytzhanova Altyn K. , Shokym Gulzhan T. , Burankulova Elmira T. , Muratbek Bagila K. , Yesbergenova Gulnar I. , Kushkarova Gulmira K. ,   K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University (34, Moldagulova Ave., 030000 Aktobe, Republic of Kazakhstan)
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The article deals with phraseological means of modeling gender stereotypes that reflect certain femininity- and masculinity-related peculiarities observed in the Turkic languages. Gender stereotypes are a key category of contemporary gender linguistics. The typological study of gender stereotype modeling phraseological tools across a number of Turkic languages makes it possible to outline some linguistic and cultural features inherent to the phraseological representation of femininity and masculinity in Kazakh, Tatar, Bashkir, Uzbek, and Kyrgyz. Goals. The work seeks to describe linguistic and cultural features of phraseological gender stereotype modeling in the Turkic languages. Materials. The paper focuses on phraseological units contained in various dictionaries of the examined Turkic languages, in particular, phraseological, explanatory and bilingual ones. Results. The study yields a number of key theses as follows: 1) phraseological units serve as linguistic and cultural means of modeling gender stereotypes in the Turkic languages; 2) linguoculturological features of femininity and masculinity are represented in the investigated Turkic languages by various models of phraseological units containing characteristic components of cultural codes; 3) certain Turkic languages have a number of typological similarities and differences in the formation and representation of gender stereotypes, irrespective of actual genealogical connections between corresponding languages; 4) the study of phraseological gender stereotype modeling shall contribute to further development of gender studies and provide deeper insights into the phenomenon of gender in the Turkic worldview. Conclusions. The analysis of phraseological material shows the Turkic languages are distinguished by various ways of gender stereotype modeling, reveals some linguoculturological features of representing femininity and masculinity in genetically related languages characterized by certain similarities and differences in the formation of such stereotypes, contributes to the identification of priority components of linguoculturological codes that shape the peculiarities of gender stereotypes in Turkic languages. A significant part of phraseological units express gender stereotypes through the following components of cultural codes — astronomical, zoomorphic, somatic, vestimentary, gastronomic, color and physical ones — that are characteristic of each language and gender separately.
История хазар и гибель города Анжи в художественном отражении Мухаммеда Аваби Акташи в книге «Дербенд-наме»
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (76, Vernadskiy Av., Moscow 119454, Russian Federation), Khanbalaeva Sabina N. , Vagabov Makhach M. , Ahmedova Raziyat A. ,   Moscow Polytechnic University (38, Bolshaya Semenovskaya St., 107023 Moscow, Russian Federation),   Dagestan State University (37, Magomed Gadzhiev St., 367000 Makhachkala, Russian Federation)
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The paper attempts a scholarly insight into medieval historical chronicles for a new comprehension of Derbend-Nameh by Muhammad Avabi Aktashi (sixteenth–seventeenth centuries) that stands at the beginnings of Dagestani prose. Goals. The study seeks to identify the literary task set forth by the medieval author when he set to create the historical/literary narrative, reveal some meanings hidden therein, and show how the author influences a reader with the aid of stylistic techniques and expressive means. Methods. The work employs the cultural/historical and receptive methods, the latter be manifested (implemented) via ‘readers’ expectations’, certain derived genre norms, implied correlations between fiction and reality, text and context. The hermeneutic method proves most instrumental in revealing opportunities for multiple interpretations of one and the same text. Results. Our study attest to the author used not only documents and facts from the preceding Tawarikh-i Derbend-Nameh (The Book of Derbent Stories) but also invested his own knowledge of ancient fiction and undertones — to establish the genre of historical prose in Kumyk literature. This is evidenced by the author’s appeal to the key characteristic features of fiction: abundance of folklore legends, fragments from Arab, Oriental and European chronicles and fiction texts; hyperbolized narration about the size of Derbent and the Derbent Wall; fantastic elements, images of historical personalities, such as Zulkarnein Iskander (Alexander the Great), Kubad-Shah, Abu-Muslim and others; the formal and compositional division of the text (war between Arabs and Khazars, war between Persians and Khazars, ruling years of Abu Muslim); hidden meanings of the narrative about Khazars and the city of Anji (emotional narrative of battles attended by Khazars and Muslims); reflections on the turning point in history, impacts on the reader’s feelings by means of literary devices and artistic expressions. Conclusions. Despite the book by Muhammad Avabi Aktashi deals with the history of Derbent, it clearly shows the author’s intention and literary task to shed light on another city, the ancient Anji, as well as on the tragic collapse of the Khazar state. It is shown that the book served a landmark at the beginnings of Kumyk prose — and gave impulse to the latter’s further evolution.
A group project on governmental accounting standards: Value, design, and efficacy
Authors: Farshadfar Shadi
Published: January 2024

In Canada, public sector entities follow the Public Sector Accounting (PSA) Handbook for financial reporting. A multi-phase group project has been carefully designed to give students direct experience with current issues in public sector financial reporting via examination of the PSA standards. The project also provides students with an opportunity to improve their critical thinking, presentation skills, writing skills, leadership skills, and teamwork skills. This study reports on the value, design, and efficacy of this group project. Students have shown a high level of satisfaction with the project in their quantitative and qualitative responses to surveys and interview questions, indicating the group project is successful in its learning objectives.
AI Advancements in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Visionary Review of Diagnostic Precision and Therapeutic Insights
Authors: Trivedi Devershri
Published: January 2024

The application of artificial intelligence in medicine is a developing field with Potential applications in mass screening and possibly even diagnosis. By constructing intricate associations from incoming data and comparing the results to performance benchmarks, complex computing may recognize patterns. This is a significant advancement. Diabetes-related retinopathy is a growing concern. Retinopathy that poses a risk to vision can be lessened with early detection and prompt treatment. Patients and ophthalmologists will likely benefit from any technology that may facilitate the rapid screening of this illness and reduce the need for skilled human resources for the same. The use of artificial intelligence in diabetic retinopathy is currently being discussed in this review, along with a few other common retinal disorders.
Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Plectranthus amboinicus to Varying Watering Regimes
Authors: Abbey Lord
Published: January 2024

Water stress is a detrimental event that adversely impacts crop productivity on a global scale. A study was carried out to examine the impact of fluctuating water stress conditions on Jamaican thyme (Plectranthus amboinicus) plant morpho-physiological and biochemical indices. The treatments were regular watering (RW), drought (DR), flooding (FL), and resumption of regular watering after flooding (DHFL) or after drought (RHDR). The DR and FL treatments significantly (p<0.01) reduced plant fresh weight by 92% and 88%, respectively, compared to RW. The relative water content of DR plants showed a significant (p<0.01) reduction by 60% compared to the RW plants. Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance were significantly (p<0.01) reduced in DR and FL plants; whereas sub-stomatal carbon dioxide was significantly (p<0.01) high in DR plants. Chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the DR and FL plants compared to the RW plants. On the other hand, soluble sugar content in the DHFL plants was significantly (p<0.05) increased compared to that of the RW plants. FL plants showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in total 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging effect by 156%, total flavonoids by 225%, total phenolics by 242%, and malondialdehyde by 94% compared to RW. In conclusion, this study highlighted the morpho-physiological and biochemical changes in Jamaican thyme plants under varied watering regimes. Jamaican thyme is an aroma medicinal plant and thus, further research should assess volatile organic compounds.
Navigating Software Engineering: A Scientific Index of Leading Researchers
Authors: HHK Tin
Published: January 2024

In the rapidly developing realm of Software Engineering, the identification and recognition of pioneering researchers play a crucial role in fostering innovation, collaboration, and knowledge dissemination. This research paper introduces a novel approach to address the challenge of pinpointing influential experts within this dynamic field. Drawing inspiration from the concept of scientific indices, we present a comprehensive researcher index meticulously crafted to quantify the impact and influence of Software Engineering researchers. By employing a refined methodology that amalgamates citation metrics, publication records, and expert affiliations, this index establishes a navigational framework for researchers, practitioners, and students. The target researcher index website is "Adscientific index," a platform designed to collect researcher data from different countries, ensuring a global perspective. We explore the construction of this scientific index, detailing the metrics employed and the algorithms devised for ranking. The implications of this index are vast, offering a structured platform for collaboration, research focus alignment, and community engagement. As the Software Engineering discipline advances, this index serves as a foundation for recognizing the luminaries who illuminate the path forward, empowering all stakeholders to navigate the field with clarity and purpose. This research proposed researcher index combines established citation metrics, publication records, and expert affiliations to holistically evaluate a researcher's contributions, providing a data-driven perspective on their influence.
Micro Learning Media for Teaching English at Junior High School Students
Authors: Putu Kerti Nitiasih  , Made Hery Santosa  , Putu Suarcaya  , Gede Ratnaya
Published: January 2024

The students’ lacked of interest in learning English at Junior High School tended to cause of having short memory on the material being explained. Micro-learning is a tiny activity by teachers and learners in the classroom, to help the students’ short memory. This means that teachers need to provide a bit-sized learning material to help students to maintain their memories. Based on the phenomena developing video materials using the micro-learning concept is badly needed. The aim of this study is to develop micro learning media for teaching English at junior high school students. The micro-learning video developed in this research are combined with three teaching model namely; problem-based learning, project-based learning and discovery-based learning. The effectiveness of the developed video materials for the learners at junior high school was evaluated using criteria of a good English material suggested by the formula. Moreover, the checklist consisted 5 scales of scoring they are; 5 represents excellent, 4 represents good, 3 represents average, 2 represents below average, and 1 represents poor. The result showed that the quality of the developed micro-learning-based video materials implemented at junior high school was good. Thus, the micro-learning based video materials were good to help the students at junior high school to sustain their memories in learning English.