bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The “Human Rights Activist” Identity in the Axiology and Social Practice of Alexander Esenin-Volpin
Authors: Serebryakova Elena G.
Published: February 2020

The object of the research is the social position and personal axiology of the poet, philosopher and mathematician Alexander Esenin-Volpin. From the second half of the 1960s to the mid-1980s, the human rights movement constituted the core of the Soviet dissidence, and an analysis of the personal axiology and social position of the movement founder permits to understand the specifics of collective identity and of the “human rights activist” behavior model. The purpose of this work is to identify the origins and specificity of the “human rights activist” behavioral pattern, which gradually replaced the “defender” model from nonconformist rhetoric and social practice, and to characterize the axiology and typology of human rights protection. The Legal Note and the Free Philosophical Tractate by Volpin served as the material for this study.

The author claims that the “human rights activist” model of social behavior emerged in the practice of nonconformists during the Sinyavsky—Daniel trial. It differs from the “defender” model implemented by the liberal intelligentsia in the Brodsky case. The “defender” is guided by the absolute value of the individual, invites the authorities to take into account personal characteristics of the defendant when sentencing, which means a selective approach to the law. For the “human rights activist”, the law is universal; compliance with the law not only by citizens, but also by the state is the guarantee of justice.

Volpin laid several theses on the basis of the ideology and axiology of human rights protection: the state is a subject of law, obliged not only to formulate laws for citizens, but also to comply with the prescribed norms itself; Soviet laws are designed to limit the dictates of the state and to protect the citizens; the citizens have legal rights to defend themselves against illegal actions of the state.

The first practical implementation of these ideas — the “glasnost meeting” — showed that the authorities were not prepared for the proposed model of behavior. However, the motivation of the meeting participants mostly fit into the “defender” paradigm; the human rights logic of action and rhetoric were adopted by the community gradually. The Legal Note was written by Volpin to educate nonconformists and popularize human rights ideas.

The article concludes that, thanks to Volpin’s activities, appealing to the rights and the law gradually became the usual rhetorical method in literary and journalistic statements and social actions of dissidents.
On the Importance of the Pre-Restoration Study of the Late 17th—18th Century Illustrated Collection of Stories from the Russian State Library Collection
Authors: Vakhovskaya Zinaida S.
Published: February 2020

The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the illustrated collection of stories of the late 17th—18th century, which was conducted in 2018 and is a substantial part of the process of scientific restoration, one of the priority areas of the Russian State Library’s (RSL) activity. Library collections restoration pays special attention to manuscript sources. The document arrived from the Department of Manuscripts (coll. 178.1, no. 315) to the Department of Restoration of Library Collection for the planned restoration activities connected with the poor preservation status. The study of archival and literature sources was complemented by the application of modern methods for analyzing the composition of the document’s materials (the paper, ink, adhesives, and the paint layer of the miniatures). This technique allowed to settle a range of tasks necessary for developing a plan for further scientific restoration of the document: to characterize the materials of the manuscript and the paint layer of the miniatures and to analyse the existing losses and their causes. The manuscript contains 212 pages. Its artistic decoration includes illustrations to the stories (165 miniatures); headings written by ligature; red initials with ornamental appendices. The original text is written with black ink made on the basis of amorphous carbon and red ink on the basis of cinnabar (HgS). The last (binding) page has an owner’s entry, which is made with ink of iron gall nature likewise some marginalia in the margins. The paint layer of the miniatures contains protein as a binder; the pigments are ochre, azurite and cinnabar in a mixture with red lead. Several types of adhesives, used in previous (probably even pre-revolutionary) interventions, indicate the time diversity of their use. Based on the results of the study, methods have been selected and a plan of scientific restoration of the monument has been developed. It includes necessary interventions (taking into account their remote effects) that preserve as much as possible the manuscript’s features, which contain valuable information for researchers about the environment of its existence (notes, marginalia, etc.); its manufacturing techniques; processes occurring during its storage.
Sorption Hysteresis on Soils and Sediments: Obtaining Characteristic Free Energies Using "Single-Point Desorption Isotherms"
Authors: Borisover Mikhail
Published: February 2020

Sorption-desorption hysteresis (SDH) may control distributions of chemicals between diverse environmental phases, including soils and sediments. Formation of metastable states caused by pore deformation or inelastic swelling of a sorbent and their persistence during desorption were considered in the literature as one reason for "true" SDH. Such metastable states persisting during desorption lead to the lack of closure of sorption-desorption loop at non-zero sorbate concentrations, which is often observed in soil and environmental literature. Also, SDH was often characterized using single-point desorption isotherms (DIs) combining sorbed states reached during single desorption steps started from different points along a sorption isotherm (SI). The objective of this contribution is to demonstrate how the single-point DIs could be used to characterize SDH in liquid phase sorption experiments in terms of Gibbs free energy. This free energy is accumulated in some non-relaxed sorbed states belonging to DI as compared with the states of the same composition (sorbed concentration) belonging to SI. Using the literature data on SIs and single-point DIs of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pesticides on soils and sediments, it is shown how these extra free energies could be obtained and how they could change in the selected sorbate-sorbent systems. When the extent of SDH decreases with increasing solute concentration, these additional free energies decline. They may remain constant or even increase, suggesting in the latter case that a larger work is needed to perturb a sorbent structure at higher sorbed concentrations. This paper proposes a novel approach for quantifying and understanding liquid phase SDH in the cases when a thermodynamic justification is sought, and, therefore, it advances the ability to predict the fate and activity of multiple chemicals in typical soil/sediment environments.
A Simple Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Glyoxylic Acid in Its Synthesis Mixture
Authors: Abdulwahed Mazhar , Mamoly Lamia , Bosnali Wael
Published: February 2020

A submitted manuscript to International Journal of Analytical Chemistry:

A new spectrophotometric method is described to determine glyoxylic acid in its synthesis reaction mixture by means of a modified Hopkins-Cole reaction between glyoxylic acid and tryptophan in presence of ferric chloride and concentrated sulfuric acid. The linear range of glyoxylic acid concentration is 0 - 0.028 M. The LOD and LOQ are 0.0019 M and 0.00577 M, respectively. The LOD, LOQ, standard deviation, relative standard deviation and recovery ratio of the proposed method are comparable with a selected HPLC reference method. Both methods displayed same precision and credibility. Reaction stoichiometry between tryptophan and glyoxylic acid is assumed to be 2:3. Reaction mechanism has been postulated based on identified molar ratios of reactants. Glyoxal gave a negative test with tryptophan although it is a di-aldehyde.
DISPUTAS POR POSIÇÃO DE DESTAQUE: SER AUTOR OU SE CONTENTAR COMO MERO COLABORADOR?
Authors: Moreira Roberta Pessoa
Published: February 2020

O artigo objetiva esclarecer a distinção entre colaboradores e coautores de uma pesquisa mediante estudo bibliográfico e documental. Serão abordados dois casos submetidos ao Committee on Publication Ethics – COPE, nos anos de 2016 e de 2018, acerca de disputas entre autor e colaborador. Compreende-se que o autor é aquele que contribui substancialmente, desde a primeira etapa, até a revisão e publicação de um trabalho, enquanto o colaborador apenas presta auxílios à pesquisa, de modo a ser designado apenas na seção de agradecimentos. O assunto é importante para garantir a ética e a integridade das pesquisas no meio acadêmico.
Desafios para a pesquisa empírica em direito: uma análise a partir de uma pesquisa indutiva sobre a prática judicial do habeas corpus
Authors: Carvalho Victor Fernando Alves
Published: February 2020

Este trabalho objetiva problematizar desafios próprios da pesquisa empírica em direito, tomando como base uma pesquisa indutiva sobre a efetividade da garantia constitucional do habeas corpus, a partir de acórdãos da Câmara Criminal do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de Sergipe. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa original buscou romper com o modelo parecerista em direito, conforme literatura de Epstein e King. Assim, este trabalho focaliza o percurso metodológico traçado na pesquisa original, de modo a possibilitar uma reflexão sobre "pontos cegos" a que todo pesquisador deve estar atento na busca de achados válidos sobre a prática judicial dos institutos da dogmática jurídica.
Recommendations for Test Lab Regarding Transition to New Requirements GOST ISO/IEC 17025–2019
Authors: Gusarova S. N. , Erokhina Yu. M. , Kramok D. I. , Khunuzidi E. I.
Published: February 2020

Since September 1, 2019, GOST ISO/IEC 17025–2019 has been enacted as a national standard in the Russian Federation. The novel standard imposes a number of fundamentally new requirements for testing laboratories (hereinafter referred to as the IL or laboratory), and also supplements and specifies the requirements previously regulated by GOST ISO/IEC 17025–2009. In this regard, in order to transfer laboratories to the new requirements, the FSA issued an order in August 2019 listing the mandatory activities that IL must fulfill to bring their activities in line with the new requirements. However, a transition period desired for matching these requirements is absent on a practical level for a number of the laboratories. The purpose of the article is to facilitate a gentle, efficient and pain-free move from the requirements of GOST ISO/IEC 17025–2009 to the new requirements of GOST ISO/IEC 17025–2019, including compliance with new changes in accreditation criteria. We carried out a comparative analysis of the requirements of the new and previous versions of the standard and marked each new and significant item to which the laboratory should pay attention first of all. The new standard focuses on the application of the process approach, risk and opportunity management, as well as on implementation of the policy of impartiality, independence, minimization of competitive interests and confidentiality. The article describes the planning, implementation and monitoring of each event or phase of the transition of testing laboratories to new requirements. Moreover, the recommendations on the structure of the «Quality Manual» and self-assessment on the compliance of IL activities and QMS with the new requirements, including the use of statistical methods for substantiation of the correctness of the assessment are given as an example of the implementation of IL capabilities.
Pola Resistensi Antibiotik pada Escherichia coli Penghasil ESBL dari Sampel Lingkungan di RPH-R Kota Bogor
Authors: Normaliska Ratna , Sudarwanto Mirnawati Bachrum , Latif Hadri
Published: February 2020

Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) adalah enzim yang dapat menghidrolisis berbagai jenis antibiotik β-laktam termasuk generasi ketiga sefalosporin spektrum luas dan monobaktam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat kepekaan dan resistensi Escherichia coli penghasil ESBL terhadap beberapa antibiotik. Isolat Escherichia coli penghasil ESBL (n=10) diisolasi dari total 80 sampel lingkungan di RPH-R Kota Bogor, sebelum proses produksi, menggunakan metode difusi cakram pada media Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) dan interpretasi hasil mengacu pada Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Hasil pengujian resistensi antibiotik menunjukkan isolat resisten terhadap penisilin 100%, amoksisilin 100%, streptomisin 70%, trimetoprim-sulfametoksasol 60%, dan tetrasiklin 30%. Bakteri E. coli penghasil ESBL di lingkungan RPHR Kota Bogor telah mengalami resistensi terhadap antibiotik dan berpotensi menyebarkan gen resisten tersebut ke bakteri lain. Hasil ini dapat menimbulkan risiko pada kesehatan masyarakat, oleh karena itu diperlukan evaluasi dan pengendalian lebih lanjut.
Deteksi Kebuntingan Dini pada Sapi Perah dengan Pemeriksaan Ultrasnography (USG) dan Analisis Hormon Steroid
Authors: Frastantie Dilla , Agil Muhammad , Tumbelaka Ligaya ITA
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas metode deteksi kebuntingan dini menggunakan ultrasonography (USG) dan pemeriksaan steroid (progesteron dan estrogen) pada sapi. Sebanyak sepuluh ekor sapi diperiksa di peternakan sapi perah Kawasan Usaha Peternakan Cibungbulang, Bogor. Lima ekor dideteksi bunting dini dan lima ekor tidak bunting. Pengambilan plasma darah dilakukan empat hari sekali dimulai dari 40 hari sebelum pelaksaan IB sampai 30 hari untuk sapi tidak bunting hingga hari ke-60 bila sapi bunting. Pemeriksaan dengan USG dilakukan menggunakan probe 5 MHz dimulai sejak hari ke-9 pasca IB bersamaan dengan pengambilan sampel darah. Hasil USG menunjukkan keberadaan konseptual vesikel pada hari ke-15 setelah IB dengan diameter 0,44 cm. Embrio dapat dideteksi mulai hari ke-26 dengan ukuran 2,6 cm. Konsentrasi progesteron pada saat IB (baseline) adalah 6-8 ng/ml dan meningkat menjadi 30-50 ng/ml pada hari ke-15 pasca IB. Konsentrasi progesteron terus bertahan tinggi sejak hari ke-15 sampai hari ke-60 pasca IB. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan USG dapat mendeteksi kebuntingan lebih dini dibandingkan dengan pemeriksaan hormonal.
Prevalensi Kecacingan pada Usus Ayam Kampung di Pasar Tradisional Jakarta dan Kota Bogor
Authors: Kusumadewi Suryaningtyas , Tiuria Risa , Arif Ridi
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengukur prevalensi kecacingan di usus ayam kampung yang ada di pasar tradisional Jakarta dan Kota Bogor. Usus ayam kampung diambil dari 5 pasar yang ada di Jakarta (Bendungan Hilir, Palmerah, Pasar Minggu, Pluit, dan Jatinegara) dan di 4 pasar yang ada di Kota Bogor (Anyar, Bogor, Jambu Dua, Gunung Batu). Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 5 sampel di setiap pasar dengan total 45 sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 28 dari 45 sampel usus ayam kampung (Gallus domesticus) yang diperiksa di pasar tradisional Jakarta dan Bogor positif mengalami kecacingan. Hasil prevalensi menunjukkan pasar Jakarta sebesar 56% dan pasar Bogor sebesar 70%. Prevalensi berdasarkan jenis-jenis cacing di Pasar Jakarta adalah; Railletina echinobothrida (52%), Heterakis gallinnarum (32%), Railletina tetragona (24%), Hymenolepis carioca (16%), Ascaridia galli (16%), dan Hymenolepis cantaniana (4%). Prevalensi berdasarkan jenis-jenis cacing yang ditemukan di Pasar Bogor adalah Railletina echinobothrida (70%), Railletina tetragona (55%), Heterakis gallinarum (10%), Hymenolepis carioca (30%), Hymenolepis cantaniana (20%), dan Railletina cesticillus (20%).
Analisis Faktor–Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Alokasi Anggaran Belanja Modal
Authors: Sukarno Agus , Hadioetomo Hadioetomo , Haryadi Agus
Published: February 2020

Regional Autonomy intended that each region can be independent in conducting regional development in the form of capital cost in order to increase the area of fixed assets. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is the influence of the Economic Growth, General Allocation Fund, Special Allocation Fund, Revenue Sharing Fund, Original Income Area, SiLPA, and Total Area against Capital Expenditure of the District/City in Indonesia. This study used secondary data obtained from the Supreme Audit Agency in 2017. The sample used in the study were 180 District/City located in Indonesia. The way to analyze the data by using multiple linier regression analysis. Based on the analysis stated that the variable Revenue Sharing Fund, Original Income Area, Total Area effect on Capital Expenditure. While Economic Growth, General Allocation Fund, Special Allocation Fund, SiLPA does not effect on Captital Expenditure.
Uji Selektifitas dan Sensitifitas Pereaksi untuk Deteksi Formalin pada Bahan Pangan
Authors: Pratiwi Denia , Wardaniati Isna , Dewi Asiska Permata
Published: February 2020

Bahan pangan  rentan untuk ditambahkan zat kimia berbahaya seperti formalin, apalagi pada bahan pangan yang kemungkinan banyak mengandung kadar air sehingga mudah busuk dan tidak tahan lama terhadap penyimpanan. Pemeriksaan formalin dalam bahan pangan dapat dilakukan dengan cara analisis kualitatif yang tidak memerlukan waktu lama dan lebih praktis tetapi jenis pereaksi yang dapat digunakan sangat banyak. Sehingga dibutuhkan pereaksi yang lebih selektif dan sensitif terhadap bahan pangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui selektifitas dan sensitifitas pereaksi pada bahan pangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan pereaksi formalin (Schiff, Scryver, KMnO4, Fehling, dan Nash)  terhadap sampel bahan pangan yaitu daging ayam, tahu, ikan asin, dan mie basah yang telah diberi formalin dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,01; 0,1; 1,0; 10; 100; dan 1000 ppm. Dari hasil penelitian analisis kualitatif terhadap formalin menunjukan pereaksi yang selektif untuk identifikasi formalin pada keempat bahan pangan adalah pereaksi Schiff, KMnO4, Scryver, Nash. Pereaksi yang sensitif terhadap formalin pada keempat bahan pangan hingga 0,01 ppm adalah Schiff dan KMnO4.Sedangkan pereaksi Scryver dan Nash hanya mampu mendeteksi formalin hingga konsentrasi 100 ppm.
Analisa Biaya Penggunaan Seftriakson dan Siprofloksasin Pasien Infeksi Saluran Kemih di Rumah Sakit X Kabupaten Jombang Tahun 2017
Authors: Restyana Anggi , Admaja Wika
Published: February 2020

Jumlah penderita Infeksi Saluran Kemih (ISK) mencapai 90-100 kasus per 100.000 penduduk per tahun. Dalam penanganannya berbagai macam antibiotik digunakan sebagai terapi pengobatan termasuk siprofloksasin. Saat ini siprofloksasin merupakan antibiotik pilihan pertama dalam terapi ISK di Rumah Sakit X Kabupaten Jombang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan biaya terapi penggunaan antibiotik seftriakson dan siprofloksasin pada pasien infeksi saluran kemih. Telah dilakukan penelitian cost effectiveness analysis menggunakan metode observasi analitik dengan rancangan secara cross-sectional, pengambilan data secara retrospektif dengan menelusur dokumen rekam medis pasien. Metode analisis menggunakan statistic uji-t tidak berpasangan. Penelitian dilakukan pada perspektif rumah sakit. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 164 pasien. Terdapat 64 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sebanyak 32 pasien mendapatkan siprofloksasin dan 32 pasien mendapatkan seftriakson. Total biaya langsung rata-rata pasien ISK yang mendapatkan seftriakson adalah Rp902.908,3 sedangkan pasien yang mendapatkan siprofloksasin adalah Rp959.918,91. Efektivitas diukur berdasarkan probabilitas lama rawat yang ditentukan. Pasien dengan seftriakson memiliki lama rawat 4,468 hari dengan probabilitas 0,875 dan siprofloksasin memiliki lama rawat 4,688 hari dengan probabilitas 0,781.  Berdasarkan efektivitas, nilai ACER seftriakson sebesar Rp1.031.895,28 dan nilai ACER siprofloksasin sebesar Rp1.229.089,51. Namun secara uji statistik tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna pada efektivitas dan biaya antara seftriakson dan siprofloksasin. Pada perhitungan nilai ICER pada penelitian ini didapatkan nilai sebesar Rp259.138,82. Artinya ada biaya tambahan sebesar Rp259.138,82 per outcome terapi.
Pengembangan Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Ceramah Dengan Model Problem Based Learning Dipadukan Media Gambar Pada Siswa Kelas XI SMA
Authors: Sari Lia Kumala
Published: February 2020

Writing entitled Development of Text Writing Lesson Lecture with Problem Based Learning Model Combined Image Media for Students Class XI on High School aims to examine the development of learning text writing lecture with Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model with the help of picture media in grade XI high school students. The scope of this development is limited only to planning, materials and evaluation in the learning process. The method used in this research is Research and Development (R & D), using development research design with ADDIE model, ie Analysis (stage), Design (Design) stage, Development stage, Implementation stage and Evaluation stage (evaluation). Source of data that became the object in this research is the students of class XI in SMA Negeri 8 PPU. The results of development are obtained based on two aspects: feasibility, practicality and effectiveness. So that data obtained the feasibility of 71%, practicality is 84%, 83% effectiveness. Overall the quality of teaching materials that are the product of this development is categorized as appropriate for the use of odd semester class XI students. The benefits of this development for Indonesian language teachers are expected to help as an alternative choice of text lecture lessons. For students, this development model can make students more creative, innovative, more productive. For the author itself is expected to be a means to deepen science. In addition, it is hoped that the results of development will be useful for the school as a useful source of information for the development of Indonesian language learning model.
Resistansi terhadap Objectification dalam Novel Mash-Up Pride and Prejudice and Zombies dari Novel Klasik Pride and Prejudice
Authors: Ramadhanty Cindy Belinda
Published: February 2020

This study deals with objectification, especially towards Elizabeth Bennet (Lizzy), in the classic novel Pride and Prejudice (1813) and the mash-up novel Pride and Prejudice and Zombies (2009) which were written by Jane Austen and Seth Grahame-Smith. This study aims to examine how the resistance towards objectification is pictured in the mash-up novel Pride and Prejudice and Zombies using Nussbaum’s theory of objectification. As a comparative study, there are some things that will be compared in this study, such as the different time period when both novels were first published, the way the authors pictured objectification, and the addition of zombie in the mash-up novel Pride and Prejudice and Zombies. This study uses qualitative method with comparative literature as the approach. The result of this study concludes that Lizzy is objectified by Mr. Collins in terms of instrumentality, fungibility, ownership, and denial of subjectivity. The addition of zombie in the mash-up novel Pride and Prejudice and Zombies implies as if there is a resistance towards objectification, with Lizzy having the skills of a warrior, while in fact the objectification is real as experienced by Lizzy. In the perspective of comparative literature, mash-up novel Pride and Prejudice and Zombies tends to have ambivalence even though it is published in postmodern era. On one hand, Lizzy is able to defend herself from zombie, on the other hand, she still falls victim to the objectification done by Mr. Collins. In other words, the resistance towards objectification in the mash-up novel Pride and Prejudice and Zombies is not able to protect Lizzy from the objectification done by Mr. Collins.
Strategi ‘Meminta Maaf’ Anak Usia Pra-Sekolah di Lembaga Pendidikan daQukids Semarang
Authors: Setyowati Ririn
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this research is to show the use of apologizing acts strategies by TK B Al-A’la students in daQukids educational institution of Semarang who are average five-year-old, in which they are the subjects of this research. Three steps in doing this research are stated. Firstly, prepare the data which consists of data collection. Data collection is done by a method named ‘simak’. Simak’s method is carried out by using Simak Bebas Libat Cakap technique (SBLC) in which it is done by recording and then transcribing. Conversational classification is based on the use of apologizing strategies by Al-A’la students. Secondly is data analysis by using the method of Padan Pragmatics to know apologizing acts from speaker to hearer. Thirdly, researcher presents the result of the analysis through the description of the data that have been analyzed. From the research, it is found that six strategies of apologizing acts are used, they are the  first strategies namely opting-out, second is evasive strategies, the third strategies is indirect apologies, the forth strategies is direct apologies, the fifth strategies is remedial support and the last is apologies as strategic disarmers.
Evaluasi Teknik Penyadapan Lalu Lintas Data Dengan Session Hijacking Pada Protokol HTTP
Authors: Munadi Rizal , Purnandi Mirza , Arif Teuku Yuliar
Published: February 2020

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) merupakan protokol jaringan aplikasi yang digunakan pada aplikasi berbasis web. Kerentanan protokol ini yang mengekspoitasi web server secara tidak aman, memberikan peluang peretas untuk melakukan serangan, salah satunya dengan serangan session hijacking. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini dilakukan survei kerentanan terhadap session hijacking dengan menguji beberapa web. Untuk mendapatkan data, maka digunakan Wi-fi UC browser untuk membaca lalulintas data protokol jaringan HTTP yang sedang dibuka oleh pengguna. Dalam pengujian diperoleh cookies yang digunakan oleh pengguna. Informasi session id yang terekam dalam penyadapan, dapat disalahgunakan oleh attacker untuk melakukan tindakan illegal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelemahan pada protokol jaringan HTTP yang rentan terhadap penyadapan lalulintas data dengan cara penyerangan session hijacking. Untuk mengatasi kelemahan ini, dapat digunakan metode pengacakan seperti algoritme Fisher-Yates shuffle atau pun algoritme Linear Congruent Method yang dapat meningkatkan keamanan.
Deteksi Gerakan Sebagai Bentuk Pengamanan Ruangan Kosong Memanfaatkan Teknologi Depth Stream Camera
Authors: Wibowo Achmad Teguh , Amin Faris Mushlihul , Milad Mohammad Khusnu
Published: February 2020

Dalam penelitian ini, membahas sistem pengamanan ruangan kosong yang tidak ada aktifitas manusia didalamnya. Ruangan kosong bisa berupa ruangan penting untuk menyimpan dokumen atau barang yang dianggap penting dan dikhawatirkan terjadi pencurian barang atau orang yang memasuki ruangan tanpa ijin. Cara kerja sistem ini menempatkan kamera depth stream kedalam ruangan kosong tersebut kemudian aplikasi mengambil nilai per pixel ruangan tersebut yang disimpan kedalam bentuk array. Berikutnya nilai dari array yang didapat akan dijumlah dan diberi margin error sekitar 2 % untuk mendapatkan nilai batas atas dan batas bawah dari nilai pixel yang didapat. Setelah menetukan parameter batas atas dan batas bawah nilai pixel, kamera akan melakukan streaming gambar dari ruangan yang sudah dipasangi kamera depth stream sehingga mendapatkan nilai pixel secara realtime yang ditampung ke dalam array kedua dan menjumlah total nilai yang ditampung dari array kedua. Lalu nilai penjumlahan array kedua tersebut dibandingkan dengan nilai batas atas dan batas bawah yang didapat dari proses sebelumnya. Jika terdapat gerakan otomatis jumlah total array kedua dapat lebih atau kurang dari batas yang ditentukan, sehingga aplikasi dapat memberi pesan kepada pengguna jika ada gerakan didalam ruang tersebut. Sehingga prinsip dari Human Computer Interacion (HCI) yaitu membuat interaksi manusia dengan komputer terjadi seefisien mungkin dapat tercapai.
Dose Selection in Preclinical Studies: Cross-Species Dose Conversion
Authors: Shekunova E. V. , Kovaleva M. A. , Makarova M. N. , Makarov V. G.
Published: February 2020

One of the major obstacles to effective translational medicine is the challenge of translating animal research results into clinical studies. Scientific literature mainly addresses the selection of the drug dose at initiation of clinical trials (Phase 1). Appropriate selection of doses is also essential for preclinical toxicology and pharmacology studies. Some basic principles that are used when translating dosages from animal models to humans are applicable to selection and justification of doses when planning and conducting preclinical studies. The paper provides an overview of the main methods that can be used for selection and justification of animal doses in preclinical studies, e.g. cross-species dose conversion using body surface area scaling. It summarises situations when doses may be directly converted based on body weight. The paper gives special attention to cross-species dose translation according to pharmacokinetic data. There is no one-size-fits-all approach to cross-species translation; dose conversion must be scientifically justified taking into consideration all information available on the test drug, i.e. its chemical structure, intended route of administration, pharmacokinetic parameters, preclinical and clinical data on pharmacodynamics, and inter-species differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Quality Control of Ethyl Alcohol Used as a Medicinal Product
Authors: Olefir Yu. V. , Khubieva A. Yu. , Kovaleva E. L. , Mit’kina L. I. , Struzhkova A. A. , Savin E. V.
Published: February 2020

The manufacturing process, the source (raw materials), and primary packaging materials dictate requirements for the quality of ethyl alcohol used in the pharmaceutical industry.

The aim of the paper was to analyse how the quality of ethyl alcohol used as a component of medicinal products depends on the starting materials, production method and technology, intended use, and the choice of the primary packaging. The paper analyses available information on ethyl alcohol quality and summarises data on potential impurities associated with the ethyl alcohol production technology and the starting materials used. It was established that Russian manufacturers mainly use grain crops (wheat and rye), as well as molasses—a by-product of the sugar industry, as raw materials. The paper addresses the process of improving the quality standards for ethyl alcohol from a historical perspective. A comparative study of the requirements of the Russian and the world’s leading pharmacopoeias for the pharmaceutical substance—ethyl alcohol 95%, 96% demonstrated the need to include identification by IR-spectrometry and impurity control by UV absorbance into the respective monograph of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. The authors formulated requirements for the choice of packaging material for ethyl alcohol, which will not affect its quality during transportation and storage.
The Problem of Dynamic Process Manifestation in Identification of Organic Compounds by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Kuz’mina N. E. , Moiseev S. V. , Luttseva A. I
Published: February 2020

The number, shape and position of NMR spectral lines depend on dynamic processes, and this creates certain difficulties in identification of pharmaceutical substances by NMR spectroscopy. The aim of the paper was to study instances of manifestation of intramolecular dynamic processes that affect identification of organic compounds by NMR, and to illustrate the potential of the methods used for their reduction, as well as associated problems.

Materials and methods: 1H and 13C spectra of the following pharmaceutical substances: «buserelin acetate», «valsartan», «goserelin acetate», «iopromide», «clopidogrel hydrogensulfate», «omeprazole», «proroxan», «risperidone», «triptorelin acetate», and «enalapril maleate» were used to demonstrate negative effects of dynamic processes. The spatial structures of conformers were established by 1H-1H ROESY experiments. The quantum-chemical calculation of geometric and thermodynamic characteristics of different conformers was carried out by the PM3 method, and electronic characteristics—by the AM1 method with the help of the HyperChem software.

Results: the authors analysed intramolecular dynamic processes which are most commonly encountered in expert work: pyramidal inversion of nitrogen in a heterocyclic compound (risperidone, proroxan, clopidogrel), rotation of molecular fragments around the amide bond (valsartan, iopromide, enalapril), prototropic rearrangements (buserelin, goserelin, omeprazole, triptorelin). The change in exchange rates was explained from the perspective of the change in the system of intra- and intermolecular nonvalent interactions.

Conclusions: the use of traditional methods for increasing the rate of dynamic processes (increasing the temperature and changing the solvent) does not always eliminate the negative effects of intramolecular transformations. Methods of smoothing the spectral manifestations of dynamic processes have limited application due to strong intramolecular nonvalent interactions which prevent the conversion of the dynamic process rate into fast exchange. Experts and manufacturers should take into account the manifestation of dynamic processes during identification of pharmaceutical substances by NMR spectroscopy.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Learning untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar pada Mata Kuliah Kapita Selekta Pendidikan Mahasiswa FKIP UNISRI
Authors: Sugiaryo Sugiaryo , Sutoyo Sutoyo
Published: February 2020

Learning is a daily activity for students. there are also learning activities that do not include lecturer designs, because of the students' own desires. There are several motivational theories, among others: encouragement theory, intensive theory, achievement motivation theory, competency motivation theory, and motivation needs theory. cooperative learning system or cooperative learning is a teaching system that provides opportunities for fellow students to work together on structured tasks. Cooperative learning is known as group learning. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) which can also be called development research. The study was conducted in 2 cycles, by applying methods in cooperative learning. Based on the discussion that has been done in the previous chapter, in general, it can be concluded that the application of STAD type cooperative learning methods can increase student motivation in the Capita Selekta Education Course. This was evidenced by the average student motivation in the high category in both Cycles I and Cycle II with a percentage of 56.25 and 62.50%. With an increase in student motivation significantly also affect the results of learning evaluations with a complete score category> 75.
Effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio, Nonperporming Loan, Third Party Funds on Loan to Deposit Ratio in Private Commercial Banks in Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Salma Nur , Salma Nur
Published: February 2020

The study aims to analyze the impact of capital adequacy ratio, non-performing loan,   third party fund on loan to deposit ratio of the private banks in Bandar Lampung. The sample used in this research were obtained from six private banks in Bandar Lampung.  Data obtained based on financial statements Annual Report of Indonesia stock Exchange (IDX) from 2009 to 2014.  The method used in this research is the dependent variable and independent, multiple regression analysis and Classical Assumption. Variable used Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Nonperforming Loan (NPL), and Third-Party Fund (DPK) on Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR). Based on the result of the research showed that the F variable CAR, NPL, and DPK together influential significantly to Loan to Deposit Ratio. The Result of partial T-test CAR negatively influential and significant with significant value is 0.007. NPL is not positively influential and not significant on LDR with significant value is 0,277 while DPK has positive influential and significant value is 0,005. The value of Adjusted R Square the value is 0.266 showed that LDR can explain by variables research as big as 26,6 %, while the rest can be explained by other factors.
Strategi Peningkatan Kompetensi Aparatur Sipil Negara Melalui Peningkatan E-Literasi dan Edukasi Kebijakan Publik
Authors: Apandi Apandi
Published: February 2020

E-literacy and education are important components in improving the quality of human resources needed in an organization. The purpose of this study is to reveal the importance of e-literacy and public policy education. The State Civil Apparatus (ASN) requires e-literacy and education to improve performance results so that public services can be maximized. This becomes interesting research in the development of science-based on the real events that occur in Indonesia. Where so far, e-literacy and education is only intended for the public, especially millennial generation. The research method used is the study of literature where data is obtained through various secondary sources that are relevant to theoretically strengthen research results. The findings explain that e-literacy and education are effective and efficient strategies in overcoming budget constraints and low levels of ASN competence. With e-literacy and public policy education, it is hoped that the professionalism of the ASN bureaucracy will increase and the quality of public services will be better.
Nilai Pendidikan, Sosial, Kultural, dan Spiritual dalam Wasiat Renungan Masa Karya Tgkh. Zainuddin Abdul Madjid: Tinjauan Hermeneutika
Authors: Nasip Abdul , Mahyuni Mahyuni , Nuriadi Nuriadi
Published: February 2020

The Testament of Devotional Period is one type of literary work in the form of poetry by TGKH. Zainuddin bin Abdul Madjid, the founder of Nahdlatul Wathan (NW) organization in Lombok. The purpose of this study is to explore character education values in the testament using hermeneutic theory of Hans-George Gadamer. Primary data of this study were values in the text of testatment and the secondary data were results of review of literature, and results of interview. Results show values ​​contained in the testament include: character education, social, cultural, and spiritual, with character education as the dominant value.  Factors that cause the dominance of the value of character education in the testament include: effort to maintain the existence of NW, fostering the attitude of sami'na waata'na to NW  alumni,  a tool to suggest fighting spirit for NW, heirs of the Prophets, and  fostering fanaticism towards NW.
Efecto del régimen de defoliación sobre la producción de grano en trigo doble propósito
Authors: Peralta N. , Abbate P.E. , Marino A.
Published: February 2020

La utilización de cultivos de trigo con doble propósito contribuiría a realizar un uso más eficiente de los recursos ambientales. En Balcarce (Buenos Aires,Argentina) se estableció un cultivo de trigo (Triticum aestivum, cv. Baguette 20) sembrado en fecha temprana (17 de marzo de 2006) para comparar la producción de forraje obtenida con tres regímenes de defoliación: T1 (tres defoliaciones),T2 (dos defoliaciones) y TG (sin defoliaciones). En esos tres tratamientos y en otro no defoliado sembrado en fecha normal para la producción de grano (7 dejunio, TN) se cuantificó la biomasa aérea (g MS m2), el rendimiento de grano (kg ha-1) y sus componentes. La producción de forraje de T1 fue similar que la de T2 (497 y 392 g m-2, respectivamente). Las defoliaciones posteriores alestado de dos nudos (estado Zadoks 32) afectaron negativamente la radiación foto sintéticamente activa interceptada por el cultivo, disminuyendo tanto el número de granos m-2 como el peso por grano; en consecuencia, la producción de grano cayó 60% respecto de TG y 71% respecto de TN. Se estableció una relación cuantitativa entre la disminución del rendimiento en grano y el momento del último corte (i.e., días entre la última defoliación y antesis). El trigo presenta la ventaja de poseer un destino alternativo a su uso forrajero, que no la presentan otros verdeos de invierno. Puede destinarse sólo para uso forrajero,sólo para producir grano, o se lo puede utilizar buscando un balance entre la producción de forraje y grano.
Evaluación de daño de gorgojos en poblaciones de alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) con alto número de raíces laterales
Authors: Odorizzi A. S , Arolfo V. , Basigalup D. H.
Published: February 2020

El aumento del número de raíces laterales a través del mejoramiento puede ser importante para reducir el daño provocado por el complejo de gorgojos de la alfalfa. El objetivo fue evaluar, en cuatro ambientes (siembras de otoño y primavera con y sin riego), el comportamiento de 10 poblaciones seleccionadas por alto número de raíces laterales. Los caracteres evaluados fueron: categoría (Cat) de daño de gorgojos (de 1 = sin daño a 5 = daño severo), rendimiento promedio de forraje (BP), número de raíces secundarias (NRLR) y diámetro de raíces laterales (DRLR). Las poblaciones s755, s545 y s614 presentaron los mayores valores de DRLR y NRLR, el menor daño de gorgojos (Cat 2+3) y la mayor variabilidad para los caracteres estudiados. Las poblaciones s545 y s616 exhibieron el mayor DRLR y el menor NRLR, respectivamente. Las condiciones de riego propiciaron un menor daño, y fueron menos afectadas en estos ambientes las poblaciones s545, s614 y s617; por el contrario, las poblaciones s461, s755, s463 resultaron las más afectadas. Los daños más severos (Cat4+5) se observaron en secano y las poblaciones s618 y s616 fueron las más afectadas; sólo bajo estas condiciones el mayor daño se correlacionó con menor BP.
Efecto del fotoperiodo sobre la calidad comercial de plantas de Althaea rosea obtenidas a partir de germoplasma elite
Authors: Papone M.L. , Fatta N.
Published: February 2020

Althaea rosea L. tiene escasa difusión en Buenos Aires a pesar de su valor decorativo. Partiendo de semillas de plantas a silvestradas y después de tres ciclos de selección, se logró germoplasma con buen comportamiento en macetas. Con la finalidad de difundir A. rosea, se encaró un ensayo en macetas cuyo objetivo fue estimar el efecto del foto período sobre la calidad comercial del germoplasma elite obtenido. Las plantas que recibieron 16 h de luz mostraron menor número de días hasta la aparición del primer pimpollo que aquellas que recibieron luz natural. Este resultado es interesante, pues indica que las primeras podrían llegar anticipadamente a la venta. También se hallaron diferencias para área y longitud de pétalo a favor de las plantas con 16 h de foto período, las que mostraron flores de mayor tamaño y pétalos más anchos que tendieron a solaparse al compararlas con lo observado en las flores de plantas que recibieron luz natural. Las plantas tratadas con foto período largo exhibieron menores coeficientes de variación para los caracteres medidos, lo que permite concluir que la suplementación con luz es una herramienta efectiva para concentrar la operación de venta y para aumentar la calidad de plantas de A. rosea en macetas.
Incidencia de las diferencias entre cultivares de trigo en la cantidad de fósforo exportada en los granos
Authors: L. Lázaro , Abbate P.E. , Manfreda V.T.
Published: February 2020

El fósforo (P) es uno de los macronutrientes menos disponible en el suelo. Se predijo para los próximos años un incremento en el uso de fertilizantes fosforados debido al crecimiento de la demanda de alimentos. Una de las prácticas que puede contribuir a un uso más sustentable de los fertilizantes fosforados es la selección de cultivares con baja concentración de P en los granos. Para saber si existen diferencias en la concentración de P en los cultivares de trigo utilizados actualmente en la Argentina, se compararon 66 cultivares durante las campañas 2008/09 y 2009/10, en Balcarce. Hubo diferencias entre cultivares en la concentración de P, el rendimiento y la exportación de P (los rangos fueron 0,22 - 0,38%; 5170 - 9740 kg/ha y 13 - 29 kg P/ha, para concentración de P en grano, rendimiento y P exportado respectivamente). Para el productor las implicancias económicas de utilizar cultivares con menor concentración de P no resultan relevantes, ya que sólo representan diferencias en el costo menores al 2% del rendimiento. Sin embargo, a largo plazo y en el país, estas diferencias cobran una dimensión considerable.
Effects of chlorocholine chloride and paclobutrazol on cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz cv. Rocha) plant growth and tuberous root quality
Authors: Medina R. , Burgos (ex aequo) A. , Difranco V. , Mroginski L. , Cenóz P.
Published: February 2020

Se estudiaron los efectos de la aplicación foliar del cloruro de cloro colina (CCC) y del paclobutrazol (PBZ) sobre parámetros de crecimiento aéreo y radical de plantas de mandioca cultivadas a campo (0,45 y 90 mg de principio activo por planta). El CCC y el PBZ redujeron la altura total de las plantas y la altura de la primera ramificación, el peso fresco de los órganos aéreos y el número de raíces tuberosas por planta. El PBZ retrasó la ocurrencia de la ramificación y causó reducciones significativas del peso fresco de las raíces tuberosas, mientras que el CCC no afectó dichos parámetros. Los tratamientos con CCC y PBZ no modificaron el diámetro de las raíces tuberosas, aunque el PBZ redujo significativamente su longitud. El contenido de almidón de raíces tuberosas se incrementó por la aplicación de ambos reguladores del crecimiento en su dosis mínima; sin embargo, el contenido de materia seca deestas sólo fue aumentado por el tratamiento con CCC. En conclusión, el CCC evita el crecimiento vegetativo excesivo, favorece los atributos de calidad deraíces tuberosas sin afectar el rendimiento y mejora el índice de cosecha. Sibien el PBZ en bajas concentraciones incrementa el contenido de almidón delas raíces tuberosas y el índice de cosecha, sus efectos sobre otros parámetrosson indeseables.
Fitotoxicidad de herbicidas postemergentes sobre Adesmia bicolor (Poir.) DC y control de malezas asociadas
Authors: Autrán V.A. , Puricelli E.C. , Andrés J.A.
Published: February 2020

Un mejor conocimiento del manejo de las especies nativas de leguminosas forrajeras como Adesmia bicolor puede ayudar a lograr una mayor calidad y estabilidad en la producción de los pastizales. No existe información disponible en la Argentina sobre el tipo y dosis de herbicidas adecuados para el control de malezas en A. bicolor. Los objetivos fueron evaluar el efecto fitotóxico de herbicidas postemergentes a diferentes dosis sobre A. bicolor y el control de las malezas latifoliadas que crecen asociadas en ensayos a campo durante 2009 y 2010. El diseño fue de parcelas divididas donde la parcela mayor fue el tipo de herbicida (2,4-DB e imazetapir) y la parcela menor la dosis (1/4X, 1/2X, 1X, 2X, 4X, 8X, siendo X = 250 g i.a. ha-1 para 2,4-DB y X=100 g i.a. ha-1 para imazetapir), con tres repeticiones para cada tratamiento. La materia seca de A. bicolor y el control de malezas se ajustaron a curvas de dosis-respuesta. Se observó efectos fitotóxicos aun con muy baja dosis de 2,4-DB, mientras que imazetapir mostró baja fitotoxicidad para las dosis entre 25 y 100 g a.i. ha-1. El control de malezas con ambos herbicidas fue mayor al 80% con dosis de 1X.