bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gratitude practice helps undergraduates who experienced an earthquake in China find meaning in life
Authors: Cai Xueli , Zhou Ningyi , Chen Junpeng , Mao Zhuozhu , Wang Shujun , Luo Zaibing , Xie Mei , Mao Yanhui
Published: May 2024

This study was conducted following a magnitude 6.8 earthquake that occurred in early September 2022, coinciding with the commencement of a positive psychology course for the affected students. A sample of 479 Chinese undergraduates was recruited for an intervention focused on weekly gratitude practice. Data were collected through an online questionnaire package at 3 time points: the first week of the course (Time 1), the fifth week (Time 2), and the ninth week (Time 3), assessing gratitude, learning engagement, and the meaning of life. Findings revealed that gratitude significantly predicted meaning in life through learning engagement over time. This highlights the significant mediating role of learning engagement in the context of earthquakes and provides insights for positive interventions aimed at facilitating personal growth among emerging adults in higher educational settings, particularly those who have experienced traumatic events such as earthquakes.
Optimal distribution grid allocation of reactive power with a focus on the particle swarm optimization technique and voltage stability
Authors: Candra Oriza , Alghamdi Mohammed I. , Hammid Ali Thaeer , Alvarez José Ricardo Nuñez , Staroverova Olga V. , Hussien Alawadi Ahmed , Marhoon Haydar Abdulameer , Shafieezadeh M. Mehdi
Published: May 2024

A structured approach to managing reactive power is imperative within the context of power systems. Among the restructuring initiatives in the electrical sector, power systems have undergone delineation into three principal categories: generation, transmission, and distribution entities, each of which is overseen by an independent system operator. Notably, active power emerges as the predominant commodity transacted within the electrical market, with the autonomous grid operator assuming the responsibility of ensuring conducive conditions for the execution of energy contracts across the transmission infrastructure. Ancillary services, comprising essential frameworks for energy generation and delivery to end-users, encompass reactive power services pivotal in the regulation of bus voltage. Of particular significance among the array of ancillary services requisite in a competitive market milieu is the provision of adequate reactive power to uphold grid safety and voltage stability. A salient impediment to the realization of energy contracts lies in the inadequacy of reactive power within the grid, which poses potential risks to its operational safety and voltage equilibrium. The optimal allocation of the reactive power load is predicated upon presumptions of consistent outcomes within the active power market. Under this conceptual framework, generators are afforded continual compensation for the provision of reactive power indispensable for sustaining their active energy production endeavors.
Global transcriptome profiles provide insights into muscle cell development and differentiation on microstructured marine biopolymer scaffolds for cultured meat production
Authors: Bezjak Dragica , Orellana Nicole , Valdivia Guillermo , Acevedo Cristian A. , Valdes Jorge H.
Published: May 2024

Biomaterial scaffolds play a pivotal role in the advancement of cultured meat technology, facilitating essential processes like cell attachment, growth, specialization, and alignment. Currently, there exists limited knowledge concerning the creation of consumable scaffolds tailored for cultured meat applications. This investigation aimed to produce edible scaffolds featuring both smooth and patterned surfaces, utilizing biomaterials such as salmon gelatin, alginate, agarose and glycerol, pertinent to cultured meat and adhering to food safety protocols. The primary objective of this research was to uncover variations in transcriptomes profiles between flat and microstructured edible scaffolds fabricated from marine-derived biopolymers, leveraging high-throughput sequencing techniques. Expression analysis revealed noteworthy disparities in transcriptome profiles when comparing the flat and microstructured scaffold configurations against a control condition. Employing gene functional enrichment analysis for the microstructured versus flat scaffold conditions yielded substantial enrichment ratios, highlighting pertinent gene modules linked to the development of skeletal muscle. Notable functional aspects included filament sliding, muscle contraction, and the organization of sarcomeres. By shedding light on these intricate processes, this study offers insights into the fundamental mechanisms underpinning the generation of muscle-specific cultured meat.
Diabetes-related risk factors and survival among individuals with type 2 diabetes and breast, lung, colorectal, or prostate cancer
Authors: Laurberg Tinne , Witte Daniel Rinse , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Eliasson Björn , Bjerg Lasse
Published: May 2024

Premature death in diabetes is increasingly caused by cancer. The objectives were to estimate the excess mortality when individuals with type 2 diabetes(T2D) were diagnosed with cancer, and to examine the impact of modifiable diabetes-related risk factors. This longitudinal nationwide cohort study included individuals with T2D registered in the Swedish National Diabetes Register between 1998–2019. Poisson models were used to estimate mortality as a function of time-updated risk-factors, adjusted for sex, age, diabetes duration, marital status, country of birth, BMI, blood pressure, lipids, albuminuria, smoking, and physical activity. We included 690,539 individuals with T2D and during 4,787,326 person-years of follow-up 179,627 individuals died. Overall, the all-cause mortality rate ratio was 3.75 [95%confidence interval(CI):3.69–3.81] for individuals with T2D and cancer compared to those remaining free of cancer. The most marked risk factors associated to mortality among individuals with T2D and cancer were low physical activity, 1.59 (1.57–1.61) and smoking, 2.15 (2.08–2.22), whereas HbA1c, lipids, hypertension, and BMI had no/weak associations with survival. In a future with more patients with comorbid T2D and cancer diagnoses, these results suggest that smoking and physical activity might be the two most salient modifiable risk factors for mortality in people with type 2 diabetes and cancer.
Color matching of bicomponent (PET/PTT) filaments with high performances using genetic algorithm
Authors: Souissi Marwa , Chaouch Sabrine , Moussa Ali
Published: May 2024

In recent years, a great interest has focused on the use of bicomponent filaments in several high-performance textile articles such as swimwear, sportswear and even high-quality denim. To dye fabrics containing these filaments, it is necessary to establish appropriate dye recipes allowing to obtain desired shades. In this article, we developed a genetic algorithm to optimize the color matching step of these bicomponent filaments, especially (PET/PTT) filaments. Three disperse dyes with different molecular weights were used for dyeing. The objective is to reproduce the reference color by choosing the appropriate disperse dyes among the available dyestuffs and their corresponding quantities to use on the mixture. For modeling, two sets of parameters (lied to the color formulation problem and the genetic algorithm), the objective function as well as the different stages of the algorithm were defined and described. In addition, different techniques of selection and mutation were applied and evaluated. The optimization criterion is to reduce the CMC color difference between the desired reference colors and the colors proposed by the algorithm. The developed algorithm showed good performances with very small color differences. The results indicate that the roulette wheel selection technique outperforms both rank and uniform selection methods. Moreover, employing a simple mutation strategy yields favorable outcomes with CMC color differences all lower than 1.
Production and characterization of bacterial cellulose by Rhizobium sp. isolated from bean root
Authors: Almihyawi Raed A. H. , Musazade Elshan , Alhussany Nazeer , Zhang Sitong , Chen Huan
Published: May 2024

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer renowned for its unique physicochemical and mechanical attributes, including notable water-holding capacity, crystallinity, and a pristine fiber network structure. While BC has broad applications spanning agriculture, industry, and medicine, its industrial utilization is hindered by production costs and yield limitations. In this study, Rhizobium sp. was isolated from bean roots and systematically assessed for BC synthesis under optimal conditions, with a comparative analysis against BC produced by Komagataeibacter hansenii. The study revealed that Rhizobium sp. exhibited optimal BC synthesis when supplied with a 1.5% glucose carbon source and a 0.15% yeast extract nitrogen source. Under static conditions at 30 °C and pH 6.5, the most favorable conditions for growth and BC production (2.5 g/L) were identified. Modifications were introduced using nisin to enhance BC properties, and the resulting BC-nisin composites were comprehensively characterized through various techniques, including FE-SEM, FTIR, porosity, swelling, filtration, and antibacterial activity assessments. The results demonstrated that BC produced by Rhizobium sp. displayed properties comparable to K. hansenii-produced BC. Furthermore, the BC-nisin composites exhibited remarkable inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study contributes valuable insights into BC’s production, modification, and characterization utilizing Rhizobium sp., highlighting the exceptional properties that render it efficacious across diverse applications.
Exploring the use of visual predictions in social scenarios while under anticipatory threat
Authors: Silva Fábio , Ribeiro Sérgio , Silva Samuel , Garrido Marta I. , Soares Sandra C.
Published: May 2024

One of the less recognized effects of anxiety lies in perception alterations caused by how one weighs both sensory evidence and contextual cues. Here, we investigated how anxiety affects our ability to use social cues to anticipate the others’ actions. We adapted a paradigm to assess expectations in social scenarios, whereby participants were asked to identify the presence of agents therein, while supported by contextual cues from another agent. Participants (N = 66) underwent this task under safe and threat-of-shock conditions. We extracted both criterion and sensitivity measures as well as gaze data. Our analysis showed that whilst the type of action had the expected effect, threat-of-shock had no effect over criterion and sensitivity. Although showing similar dwell times, gaze exploration of the contextual cue was associated with shorter fixation durations whilst participants were under threat. Our findings suggest that anxiety does not appear to influence the use of expectations in social scenarios.
Effect of fumigation height and time on cryopreservation of ram semen
Authors: Zhang Liuming , Wang Xuyang , Jiang Caiyu , Sun Yuxuan , Sohail Tariq , Sun Xiaomei , Wang Jian , Li Yongjun
Published: May 2024

The cooling rate is a crucial factor in the process of freezing semen, influencing the overall freezing effectiveness. The height and time of fumigation can significantly impact the rate of cooling. Appropriate cooling rates can help minimize the formation of ice crystals in spermatozoa and reduce potential damage to them. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different fumigation heights and time for the cryopreservation of Hu ram semen. Experiments I–IV assessed the effect of semen cryopreservation by testing the post-thawed spermatozoa total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM) and kinetic parameters fumigated at distances of 2, 4, 6 and 8 cm for durations of 5, 10, 15 and 20 min, respectively. Based on the results of experiments I to IV, experiment V evaluated the effect of semen cryopreservation by testing the post-thawed spermatozoa TM, PM, kinetic parameters, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level fumigated at distances of 2, 4, 6 and 8 cm for duration of 20 min. The results indicated that fumigation at 2 cm for 20 min significantly (P < 0.05) improved spermatozoa TM, PM, mean angular displacement (MAD), plasma membrane integrity and acrosome integrity compared to other groups. Additionally, it significantly (P < 0.05) reduced spermatozoa ROS level compared to the 6 and 8 cm groups. In conclusion, fumigation for 20 min at a distance of 2 cm from the liquid nitrogen surface is the most suitable cooling method for the cryopreservation of Hu ram semen.
Sugar–nucleobase hydrogen bonding in cytidine 5′-monophosphate nucleotide-cadmium coordination complexes
Authors: Khan Yaqoot , Ismail Ismail , Ma Hongwei , Li Zhongkui , Li Hui
Published: May 2024

Hydrogen bonds are the fundamental factors stabilizing DNA and RNA macromolecules.
4,4′-Bis(imidazolyl)biphenyl-appended Cd(ii) coordination polymer: a dual-functional material for antibiotic sensing and photodegradation
Authors: Wu Yu , Li Junlan , Xu Jing , Muddassir Mohd. , Kushwaha Aparna , Daniel Omoding , Kumar Abhinav , Zou Like
Published: May 2024

A new Cd(ii)-based CP was synthesized and used as a dual-functional material serving both as a sensor for antibiotic detection and photocatalyst for antibiotic degradation.
1,2,3-Triazol-5-ylidene- vs. 1,2,3-triazole-based tricarbonylrhenium(i) complexes: influence of a mesoionic carbene ligand on the electronic and biological properties
Authors: Vanucci-Bacqué Corinne , Wolff Mariusz , Delavaux-Nicot Béatrice , Abdallah Abanoub Mosaad , Mallet-Ladeira Sonia , Serpentini Charles-Louis , Bedos-Belval Florence , Fong Kar Wai , Ng Xiao Ying , Low May Lee , Benoist Eric , Fery-Forgues Suzanne
Published: May 2024

Two series of tricarbonylrhenium(i) complexes were thoroughly compared. One 1,2,3-triazole-based complex displayed astounding photoluminescence properties, while one triazolylidene-based complex showed promising antibacterial activity.
Defect-balanced active and stable Co3O4−x for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis at ampere-level current density
Authors: Rong Chengli , Wang Shuhao , Shen Xin , Jia Chen , Sun Qian , Zhang Qiang , Zhao Chuan
Published: May 2024

Active and stable noble metal-free catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are essential for realizing large-scale hydrogen production using proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers.
Eco-friendly volatile additive enabling efficient large-area organic photovoltaic module processed with non-halogenated solvent
Authors: Jia Ziyan , Pan Jiannan , Chen Xu , Li Yaohui , Liu Tianyu , Zhu Hanbo , Yao Jizhong , Yan Buyi , Yang Yang (Michael)
Published: May 2024

Menthol (MT) can effectively promote ordered molecular arrangement of acceptors in non-halogenated solvent, contributing to the large-area organic photovoltaic modules (19.31 cm2) with a notable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.74%.
Orientation and stretching of supracolloidal chains of diblock copolymer micelles by spin-coating process
Authors: Kim Jaemin , Lee Kyunghyeon , Kim Sangyoon , Sohn Byeong-Hyeok
Published: May 2024

We report the orientation and stretching of supracolloidal chains composed of nano-scale micelles of a diblock copolymer through spin-coating, based on the quantitative analysis of the electron microscopic images of individual supracolloidal chains.
Brønsted acid-catalyzed synthesis of spirocyclobutanes via heteroannulation of vinyloxyphenylbicyclobutanes with water
Authors: Takatsuki Masaharu , Aoyama Hiroshi , Arisawa Mitsuhiro , Sako Makoto
Published: May 2024

We report a perchloric acid-catalyzed heteroannulation for the synthesis of spirocyclobutanes using vinyloxyphenylbicyclobutanes with water.
Highly stretchable and aqueous solution-stable poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with elastomeric sulfonated-SEBS
Authors: Uda Yuhka , Zhang Peikai , Travas-Sejdic Jadranka
Published: May 2024

Stretchable and water-resistant PEDOT-based electrodes were successfully prepared by substituting PSS with an elastomeric dopant, sSEBS.
Tuning nanoparticles’ internal structure: fluorinated single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) generated by chain collapse of random copolymers
Authors: Alqaisi Marah , Thümmler Justus F. , Lehmann Florian , Schmitt Franz-Josef , Lentz Leonie , Rieder Fabian , Hinderberger Dariush , Binder Wolfgang H.
Published: May 2024

We have prepared single chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) with fluorinated internal compartments by chain collapse of copolymers prepared via RAFT. Selective labels prove formation of nanosized compartments using fluorescence spectroscopy
Zinc chloride-catalyzed Grignard addition reaction of aromatic nitriles
Authors: Hatano Manabu , Kuwano Kisara , Asukai Riho , Nagayoshi Ayako , Hoshihara Haruka , Hirata Tsubasa , Umezawa Miho , Tsubaki Sahori , Yoshikawa Takeshi , Sakata Ken
Published: May 2024

The ZnCl2 catalyst facilitated the Grignard addition reaction of aromatic nitriles to afford corresponding ketones via hydrolysis in good yields under mild reaction conditions.
Identifying a real space measure of charge-shift bonding with probability density analysis
Authors: Heinz Michel V. , Reuter Leonard , Lüchow Arne
Published: May 2024

Charge-shift bonding is discovered independently of valence bond theory with probability density analysis. A shift of charge facilitates the sharing of electrons and increases delocalization.
Copper–oxygen adducts: new trends in characterization and properties towards C–H activation
Authors: De Tovar Jonathan , Leblay Rébecca , Wang Yongxing , Wojcik Laurianne , Thibon-Pourret Aurore , Réglier Marius , Simaan A. Jalila , Le Poul Nicolas , Belle Catherine
Published: May 2024

Recent progresses in Cu–oxygen adducts towards recalcitrant C–H activation are reviewed with focus on Cu metalloenzymes and bioinspired synthetic models, mono- to polynuclear complexes, working under homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic conditions.
Neutral inverse-sandwich rare-earth metal complexes of the benzene tetraanion
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhang Yurou , Liang Jiefeng , Tan Bowen , Deng Chong , Huang Wenliang
Published: May 2024

Neutral inverse-sandwich rare-earth metal complexes of the parent benzene tetraanion with an [M3+–(C6H6)4−–M3+] core electronic structure were synthesized and characterized. They behave as a four-electron reductant to reduce unsaturated substrates.
Review on novel targeted enzyme drug delivery systems: enzymosomes
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Sachdeva Komal , Tanwar Rajni , Devi Sunita
Published: May 2024

The goal of this review is to present enzymosomes as an innovative means for site-specific drug delivery.
Research progress in modified mineral oil, natural ester and mixed oil in transformers
Authors: Peng Xiao , Wang Qi , Kang Shenglin , Chen Chen , Li Gang , Wang Ke , Liao Ruijin , Zhao Xuetong
Published: May 2024

Three kinds of typical insulating oil including mineral oil (MO), natural ester (NE), and mixed insulating oil used in transformers are reviewed. The basic physicochemical, electrical properties and engineering application of the oil were firstly introduced. Then, the nano‐modified mechanism for MO and NE is explored. The effects of various nanofillers on electrical properties, thermal conductivity and ageing stability of MO and NE are compared. Moreover, the preparation process of mixed insulating oil is described, and the enhancement of electrical performance, thermal ageing properties, and kinematic viscosity of mixed insulating oil are analysed. Finally, the performance parameters of nano‐modified MO, NE and mixed insulating oil are analysed, and the future development trend of insulating oil is also discussed.
Enhanced electrical properties of polypropylene insulation based on β‐nucleated crystallization regulation for high‐voltage direct current cable
Authors: Wang Heyu , Li Zhonglei , Zheng Yaqing , Du Boxue
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the effect of crystallisation regulation on the electrical properties of β‐modified polypropylene (PP) insulation. Various β‐modified polypropylene insulation samples are prepared by controlling the melting temperature within the range of 180°C–200°C, and the ensuing crystallization characteristics of polypropylene insulation are evaluated. It is observed that the crystallinity decreased with increase in melting temperature, while the β crystal fraction and the lamellae long period increased. Notably, PP insulation subjected to a melting temperature of 200 °C demonstrates a substantial 47.1% decrease in DC conductivity, accompanied by a notable 22.6% reduction in space charge accumulation, concomitant with a significant 14.6% enhancement in DC breakdown strength. Additionally, a higher β crystal fraction in PP insulation is found to correspond to an increased density of deep traps, notably at an energy level of 0.95 eV. The elevated melting temperature effectively eradicates the melting memory effect, thereby facilitating the induction of β crystals by the β‐nucleating agents. The parallel lamellae structure inherent in β crystals serves to diminish interface defects between spherulites, consequently mitigating carrier mobility, curtailing space charge accumulation and enhancing breakdown strength.
Astrometric and photometric characterization of η Tel B combining two decades of observations
Authors: Nogueira P. H. , Lazzoni C. , Zurlo A. , Bhowmik T. , Donoso-Oliva C. , Desidera S. , Milli J. , Pérez S. , Delorme P. , Fernadez A. , Langlois M. , Petrus S. , Cabrera-Vives G. , Chauvin G.
Published: May 2024

Context. η Tel is an 18 Myr system composed of a 2.09 M⊙ A-type star with an M7-M8 brown dwarf companion, η Tel B. The two objects have a projected separation of 4″.2 (~208 au). This system has been targeted by high-contrast imaging campaigns for over 20 yr, facilitating its orbital and photometric characterization. The companion, η Tel B, both bright and on a wide orbit, is an ideal candidate for a detailed examination of its position and the characterization of its atmosphere.

Aims. To explore the orbital parameters of η Tel B, measure its contrast, and investigate its close surroundings, we analyzed three new SPHERE/IRDIS coronagraphic observations. Our objectives are to investigate the possibility of a circumplanetary disk or a close companion around η Tel B, and characterize its orbit by combining this new data set with archival data acquired in the past two decades.

Methods. The IRDIS data are reduced with state-of-the-art algorithms to achieve a contrast with respect to the star of 1.0 × 10−5 at the location of the companion. Using the NEGative Fake Companion technique (NEGFC), we measure the astrometric positions and flux of η Tel B for the three IRDIS epochs. Together with the measurements presented in the literature, the baseline of the astrometric follow-up is 19 yr.

Results. We calculate a contrast for the companion of 6.8 magnitudes in the H band. The separation and position angle measured are 4″.218 and 167.3 degrees, respectively. The astrometric positions of the companions are calculated with an uncertainty of 4 milliarc-seconds (mas) in separation and 0.2 degrees in position angle. These are the smallest astrometrical uncertainties of η Tel B obtained so far. The orbital parameters are estimated using the Orvara code, including all available epochs. The orbital analysis is performed taking into account the Gaia-HIPPARCOS acceleration of the system. Suppressing its point spread function (PSF), we have produced contrast curves centered on the brown dwarf in order to constrain our detection capabilities for a disk or companions around it.

Conclusions. After considering only orbits that could not disrupt the outer debris disk around η Tel A, our orbital analysis reveals a low eccentric orbit (e ~ 0.34) with an inclination of 81.9 degrees (nearly edge-on) and a semi-major axis of 218 au. Furthermore, we determine the mass of η Tel B to be 48 MJup, consistent with previous calculations from the literature based on evolutionary models. Finally, we do not detect any significant residual pointing to the presence of a satellite or a disk around the brown dwarf. The retrieved detection limits allow us to discard massive objects around η Tel B with masses down to 1.6 MJup at a separation of 33 au.
An approach to the effects of stellar rotation on the theoretical apsidal motion constants
Authors: Claret A.
Published: May 2024

Aims. The most reliable sources for determining absolute stellar parameters are the double-lined eclipsing binary systems. Some of these systems also show apsidal motion, characterized by the variable log k2. This point grants us the possibility of investigating the stellar interior, specifically the degree of stellar mass concentration. The first studies carried out about four decades ago on this topic showed appreciable discrepancies not only with respect to the comparison between the observed absolute dimensions and their theoretical counterparts, but mainly concerning the degree of mass concentration through the analysis of their apsidal motions. Fortunately, this scenario has been gradually improving with the advances in the quality of observational techniques and advances in the input physics of the evolutionary stellar models (e.g. opacities, thermonuclear reactions, equations of state, numerical techniques). These new developments in the input physics has improved the comparison between observations and the values predicted by theory, including the apsidal motion rates. This progress has lead us to investigate second-order effects such as rotation and dynamic tides. In this paper we deal with the effects of rotation on the degree of mass concentration.

Methods. The stellar models were calculated using the MESA package. The mass range studied here was 0.40–25.0 M⊙ for a generic chemical composition characterized by X = 0.70 and Z = 0.02. The present models were computed without taking into account core overshooting in order to highlight the effects of rotation. Each model was followed from the pre-main sequence until the central hydrogen content is of the order of or less than 0.03, covering the range of masses and evolutionary status of the double-lined eclipsing binaries showing apsidal motion. Regarding the calculation of the internal structure coefficients, we integrated the Radau equation using the fifth-order Runge-Kutta method and a tolerance level of 10−7. As an auxiliary tool, homology transformations have been used to explain, qualitatively, how the equation of state, thermonuclear reactions, and convection impact the degree of mass concentration of the models.

Results. In our past studies on the effects of rotation on log k2 an average correction was used for all models together. For this a small range of masses (2.0, 7.0, 15.0 M⊙) has been used. In the present paper the corrections due to the effects of rotation in log k2 are presented for each mass individually and for three evolutionary phases. This point is particularly important, given that these corrections show a clear dependence on the mass and on the evolutionary status. Such corrections can be easily introduced into the theoretical calculation of apsidal motion rates through a linear equation. A typical correction due to the rotation effects is of the order of −0.03 in log k2.
Ist die Peritonealdialyse schlechter als die Hämodialyse?
Authors: Alscher Mark
Published: May 2024

Die Peritonealdialyse (PD) ist ein Verfahren, welche speziell in Deutschland immer noch ihren Stellenwert finden muss. Während in anderen Ländern der Anteil der PD häufig sogar über 50 % liegt, ist dies in Deutschland im einstelligen Prozentbereich. Speziell auch für ältere Patienten, welche sich aufgrund des demografischen Wandels zunehmend finden, werden häufig als nicht geeignet für dieses Verfahren eingestuft. Dies ist eine Einschätzung, welche im Regelfall nicht auf Evidenzen basiert. Deshalb ist es umso wichtiger, dazu neue Evidenz zu bewerten, um daraus abgeleitet Empfehlungen für unsere Patienten zu finden.
Maßnahmen zum peritonealen Langzeiterhalt
Authors: Oberacker Tina , Schanz Moritz , Latus Jörg , Schricker Severin
Published: May 2024

Die Zahl an Patienten, die auf ein Nierenersatzverfahren angewiesen sind, steigt stetig. Die Peritonealdialyse (PD) ist eine Methode zur Nierenersatztherapie, die hinsichtlich der Lebensqualität und Patientenautonomie häufig Vorteile gegenüber der Hämodialyse bieten kann. Allerdings ist die Langzeit-PD mit chronischen Veränderungen der Peritonealmembran wie Fibrose assoziiert, die den Teilchen- und Wassertransport erheblich beeinträchtigen und zum Ultrafiltrationsversagen führen können. Schlimmstenfalls treten schwere Komplikationen wie die enkapsulierende Peritonealsklerose (EPS) auf. In einigen Fällen kommt es sehr früh, d. h. nach etwa 5 Jahren oder weniger, zu Veränderungen, die zu einem Therapieversagen führen, sodass die PD beendet werden muss. Daher ist der möglichst lange Funktionserhalt der Membran von großer Bedeutung. In diesem Beitrag geben wir einen Überblick über Maßnahmen zum peritonealen Langzeiterhalt sowie einen Ausblick auf neue, potenzielle Therapeutika, die zu einer längeren Integrität der Peritonealmembran beitragen könnten.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Substituted Dihydropyrans by Organocatalyst-Mediated Domino Michael/Enolization/Acetalization Reactions
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Han Xiaolei , Hack William R.
Published: May 2024

A highly enantioselective synthetic method for 3,4-trans-dihydropyrans was developed by the reaction of α-acyl-β-aryl-substituted acrylonitrile and aldehyde catalyzed by diphenylprolinol silyl ether. This is an asymmetric domino reaction via a catalytic Michael reaction/enolization/acetalization.
Quantitative Analysis of Bifidobacterium and Scardovia wiggsiae in Dental Plaque from Children in Northern Thailand and Their Association with Caries Factors
Authors: Damnoensawat Phatthra , Mitrakul Kemthong
Published: May 2024

Objectives The aim of this study were to measurably detect Bifidobacterium and Scardovia wiggsiae in plaque from severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and caries-free children and to analyze the interrelation between these bacteria and clinical caries presentation and caries-related factors assessed by questionnaire.

Materials and Methods One-hundred forty supra gingiva plaque samples from children aged between 2 and 5 years were used in this study. There were 70 children in each group. Recorded plaque index, modified gingival index, and decay, missing, and filled tooth (dmft) scores. Parents' attitudes, child's oral hygiene, and diet were assessed by questionnaire. DNA was extracted from plaque samples and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using fluorescent dye was performed.

Results Plaque (p < 0.001) and modified gingival indices (p < 0.001) in the S-ECC group were higher than in the caries-free group. Prevalence of Bifidobacterium (p = 0.004) and S. wiggsiae (p < 0.001) in the S-ECC group was higher than in the caries-free group. The numbers of total bacteria (p = 0.003), Bifidobacterium (p < 0.001), and proportion of Bifidobacterium to total bacteria (p < 0.001) were higher in the S-ECC group. Detections of both bacteria, Bifidobacterium + S. wiggsiae (p < 0.001), were higher in the S-ECC group than in the caries-free group. In the S-ECC group, dmft scores (p < 0.001; p = 0.024) and the modified gingiva index (p = 0.004; p = 0.002) were higher in the presence of Bifidobacterium and S. wiggsiae, respectively. In the S-ECC group, the dmft scores (p = 0.005) and modified gingiva index (p = 0.004) were higher in the presence of both Bifidobacterium + S. wiggsiae. There were positive correlations between the Bifidobacterium level (p = 0.003), the proportion of Bifidobacterium to total bacteria (p = 0.017), and S-ECC. The level of Bifidobacterium (p < 0.001) and ratio of Bifidobacterium to total bacteria (p < 0.001) were correlated with the dmft score and modified gingival index in the S-ECC group. From the questionnaire, S-ECC were associated with major caregiver (p = 0.002), parent education levels (p = 0.02), prolonged bottle-feeding (>18 months) (p = 0.015), night-time feeding (p < 0.001), eating cariogenic snacks (p = 0.019), and frequency of dental visits (p = 0.003).

Conclusions Levels of total bacteria, Bifidobacterium, S. wiggsiae and plaque, and the modified gingival indices were higher in the S-ECC group. Factors associated with S-ECC included the major caregiver, parent education levels, feeding patterns, cariogenic snacks consumption, and frequency of dental visits.
A influência da alta demanda física na ocorrência das principais lesões musculares e ligamentares em atletas profissionais de futebol: Uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Godoy Matheus Martins , Gonçalves Lucas Ferreira , Martins Thiago da Mata , Ventura Renato
Published: May 2024

Objetivo Esta é uma revisão sistemática que objetivou investigar a influência da alta demanda física no aumento de lesões musculares e ligamentares em atletas profissionais de futebol.

Métodos Tratou-se de buscar, por meio da análise de publicações em meios científicos, as incidências das principais lesões, abordando suas causas e mecanismos bem como sua relação com a alta demanda física. Comparamos jogadores amadores (categorias de base) com jogadores profissionais e avaliamos a eficácia do FIFA11+ como alternativa de prevenção. As buscas foram realizadas nas plataformas Scielo, Pubmed e Google Scholar. Os filtros foram de acordo com o tema, data de publicação (últimos 5 anos) e relevância para o estudo. Foram utilizados os seguintes termos de indexação: Overuse, Calendar, Injuries, Muscular, Ligament, Athletes, Soccer, Football. Os principais dados obtidos foram descritos, objetivando a comparação e análise dos resultados. Foram aderidas as recomendações da declaração de Principais Itens para Relatar Revisões Sistemáticas e Metanálises (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, PRISMA).

Resultados A pesquisa resultou em 24 artigos, publicados entre 2019 e 2023. Quanto à influência da alta demanda física, observou-se o aumento do risco de lesões. Em relação à incidência, constatou-se a prevalência de lesões nos membros inferiores. Quanto aos tipos de lesões, nota-se que as mais comuns são estiramento, entorse, contratura e rompimento ligamentar. Quanto ao FIFA11 + , apresentou-se como alternativa viável de prevenção.

Conclusão Concluiu-se que a alta demanda física aumenta a ocorrência das lesões musculares e ligamentares mais frequentes em futebolistas profissionais, que são estiramento, entorse, contratura e rompimento ligamentar, sugerindo-se o programa FIFA11+ como prevenção.
Chapter 1: Introduction and Getting Ready for Hearing Aid Test Box Measures
Authors: Palmer Catherine , Zitelli Lori
Published: May 2024

In this chapter you will be introduced to the hearing aid test box equipment and work through how to prepare the equipment so that it is ready to provide the testing you will use to evaluate, fit, and troubleshoot hearing aids and other amplifiers. At the end of this chapter, you will be familiar with terminology associated with hearing aid test box measures and the leveling required with the reference microphone and coupler microphone to ensure that your measurements are accurate and can be interpreted.
Europe's Largest Research Infrastructure for Curated Medical Data Models with Semantic Annotations
Authors: Riepenhausen Sarah , Blumenstock Max , Niklas Christian , Hegselmann Stefan , Neuhaus Philipp , Meidt Alexandra , Püttmann Cornelia , Storck Michael , Ganzinger Matthias , Varghese Julian , Dugas Martin
Published: May 2024

Background Structural metadata from the majority of clinical studies and routine health care systems is currently not yet available to the scientific community.

Objective To provide an overview of available contents in the Portal of Medical Data Models (MDM Portal).

Methods The MDM Portal is a registered European information infrastructure for research and health care, and its contents are curated and semantically annotated by medical experts. It enables users to search, view, discuss, and download existing medical data models.

Results The most frequent keyword is “clinical trial” (n = 18,777), and the most frequent disease-specific keyword is “breast neoplasms” (n = 1,943). Most data items are available in English (n = 545,749) and German (n = 109,267). Manually curated semantic annotations are available for 805,308 elements (554,352 items, 58,101 item groups, and 192,855 code list items), which were derived from 25,257 data models. In total, 1,609,225 Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) codes have been assigned, with 66,373 unique UMLS codes.

Conclusion To our knowledge, the MDM Portal constitutes Europe's largest collection of medical data models with semantically annotated elements. As such, it can be used to increase compatibility of medical datasets and can be utilized as a large expert-annotated medical text corpus for natural language processing.
On the convergence of the solution for a reduced model of the vectorial quantum Zakharov system
Authors: Yang Guiyu , Zhang Jingjun , Jiang Zaihong
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we study the limit behavior of the smooth solution for a reduced vectorial quantum Zakharov system which describes the interaction between the quantum Langmuir waves and quantum ion-acoustic waves in the plasmas. We first give the local existence and uniqueness of the solution to the quantum Zakharov system. Then we derive the uniform bounds of solution with appropriate initial data, and prove that the solution of the quantum Zakharov system converges to the solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger system.
A deep learning computational fluid dynamics solver for simulating liquid hydrogen jets
Authors: Bhatia Dinesh , Loukas John , Cabrera Alejandro , Lyras Konstantinos
Published: May 2024

Modeling and simulating the sudden depressurization of liquids inside nozzles is a significant challenge because of the plethora of the associated complex phenomena. This pressure drop together with the rapid phase change of the liquid is important characteristics of flash boiling. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) multiscale simulations of flashing jets usually deploy additional models for modeling heat and mass transfer with long computational times. Intermediate steps such as volumetric meshing in mesh-based methods can also significantly increase the computational cost. This paper aims at providing academia and industry with a modeling tool to simulate and investigate the complex multi-facet phenomenon of flash-boiling atomization deploying a machine-learning method that could save thousand Central Processing Unit hours offering instantaneous CFD predictions. The presented machine-learning CFD method completely replaces the traditional CFD simulations workflow and requires little simulation expertise from the end-user. Notably, this is a novel model that couples for the first time the thermodynamic non-equilibrium with convolutional neural networks to simulate flashing liquid hydrogen jets thousand times faster than the standalone CFD solver. The accuracy of the novel approach is evaluated, demonstrating adequate accuracy compared to different unseen simulations and experiments. This work offers the groundwork for further accelerating CFD predictions in multiphase flow problems and could significantly improve testing flash-boiling scenarios in various industrial settings.
Evaluation of strategies to improve the quality of Tanzania grass (Megathyrsus maximum) silage with increasing levels of mata-pasto hay (Senna obtusifolia)
Authors: Rodrigues Rosane C. , Miranda Bruno Eduardo Caxias , Santos Edson Mauro , Santos Francisco Naysson de Sousa , Silva Eduarda Castro , Olivera-Viciedo Dilier , Zanine Anderson de Moura , Silva Raphael Ramos , Santos Antonio Marcos da Penha , Marinho Izakiel Reis , Teixeira Maciel Costa
Published: May 2024

Context Seasonal variations between the rain and dry seasons are the main obstacle to agricultural productivity in tropical regions, making it essential to conserve surplus for periods of scarcity. One of the limiting factors in ensiling grasses is moisture, requiring the use of additives or withering. Using a mixture of grasses and legumes can be an alternative to balance the advantages and disadvantages of both in the ensiling process, and mata-pasto hay (MPH) can be an option. Aims This study evaluated different forms of Tanzania grass (Megathyrsus maximum) and MPH silages, as well as silages with increasing levels of MPH. Methods Silages of Tanzania grass and MPH in their natural form, as well as silages with increasing doses of MPH, were evaluated for nutritional value, degradability in situ. The microbiology was also evaluated. Key results Among the types of silages, natural MPH and wilted MPH were superior to natural Tanzania grass silage. The use of MPH in Tanzania grass silages improves fermentation processes, the population of beneficial microorganisms, resulting in better nutritional value of these silages. Conclusions Natural and wilted MPH hay silages are qualitatively better compared to natural Tanzania grass silage. Increasing doses of MPH improve the quality of the silage. A recommended dose is 30% of MPH hay. Implications Adding MPH to silages is a way to reduce the negative impacts of this weed on pastures. However, further studies with the use of complementary additives are needed.
Mitogenome architecture supports the non-monophyly of the cosmopolitan parasitoid wasp subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) recovered by nuclear and mitochondrial phylogenomics
Authors: Castañeda-Osorio Rubén , Belokobylskij Sergey A. , Jasso-Martínez Jovana M. , Samacá-Sáenz Ernesto , Kula Robert R. , Zaldívar-Riverón Alejandro
Published: May 2024

Mitochondrial DNA gene organisation is an important source of phylogenetic information for various metazoan taxa at different evolutionary timescales, though this has not been broadly tested for all insect groups nor within a phylogenetic context. The cosmopolitan subfamily Doryctinae is a highly diverse group of braconid wasps mainly represented by ectoparasitoids of xylophagous beetle larvae. Previous molecular studies based on Sanger and genome-wide (ultraconserved elements, UCE; and mitochondrial genomes) sequence data have recovered a non-monophyletic Doryctinae, though the relationships involved have always been weakly supported. We characterised doryctine mitogenomes and conducted separate phylogenetic analyses based on mitogenome and UCE sequence data of ~100 representative doryctine genera to assess the monophyly and higher-level classification of the subfamily. We identified rearrangements of mitochondrial transfer RNAs (tRNAs) that support a non-monophyletic Doryctinae consisting of two separate non-related clades with strong geographic structure (‘New World’ and ‘Old World’ clades). This geographic structure was also consistently supported by the phylogenetic analyses preformed with mitogenome and UCE sequence data. These results highlight the utility of the mitogenome gene rearrangements as a potential source of phylogenetic information at different evolutionary timescales.
Determining the depth and rate of soil movement down the soil profile using an environmental tracer: a hillslope scale assessment
Authors: Hancock G. R. , Gibson A. , Senanayake I. P. , Cox Tristan
Published: May 2024

Context Soil materials can be delivered to depth from both in situ and ex situ materials. Here, we examine a hillslope in an agricultural environment that has been used for cropping and cattle grazing for over 150 years and a parallel area where cattle have been excluded for approximately 20 years. The exclusion area is a shelterbelt and also provides ecological services. Aims To quantify the depth and rate of down profile soil movement using the environmental tracer 137Cs at points along a hillslope profile. Methods 137Cs concentration is measured to bedrock at regular intervals both inside and outside a fenced of ecological services area pre-drought (2015) and post-drought (2021). In Australia. 137Cs is the by-product of nuclear weapons use and testing from1945 to 1972. Therefore, this places an age constraint on any labelled soil. Key results Results show that soil materials can move down the soil profile to reach bedrock at decadal time scales. An important finding is that materials from the surface can reach depths of up to 80 cm near the hillslope crest and up to 2.2 m at the base of the hillslope. Conclusions This demonstrates a relatively rapid translocation of surface material. Implications The method provides the ability to quantify the rapid movement of soil components and demonstrates the potential for deep sequestration of soil organic carbon. The results demonstrate the potential for soil amendments and agrochemicals to be rapidly transported to depth. The findings suggest that cattle exclusion has no impact on the movement of soil materials down the profile over the 20-year exclusion period.
Dichotomous transactivation domains contribute to growth inhibitory and promotion functions of TAp73
Authors: Li Dan , Kok Catherine Yen Li , Wang Chao , Ray Debleena , Osterburg Susanne , Dötsch Volker , Ghosh Sujoy , Sabapathy Kanaga
Published: May 2024

The transcription factor p73, a member of the p53 tumor-suppressor family, regulates cell death and also supports tumorigenesis, although the mechanistic basis for the dichotomous functions is poorly understood. We report here the identification of an alternate transactivation domain (TAD) located at the extreme carboxyl (C) terminus of TAp73β, a commonly expressed p73 isoform. Mutational disruption of this TAD significantly reduced TAp73β’s transactivation activity, to a level observed when the amino (N)-TAD that is similar to p53’s TAD, is mutated. Mutation of both TADs almost completely abolished TAp73β’s transactivation activity. Expression profiling highlighted a unique set of targets involved in extracellular matrix–receptor interaction and focal adhesion regulated by the C-TAD, resulting in FAK phosphorylation, distinct from the N-TAD targets that are common to p53 and are involved in growth inhibition. Interestingly, the C-TAD targets are also regulated by the oncogenic, amino-terminal-deficient DNp73β isoform. Consistently, mutation of C-TAD reduces cellular migration and proliferation. Mechanistically, selective binding of TAp73β to DNAJA1 is required for the transactivation of C-TAD target genes, and silencing DNAJA1 expression abrogated all C-TAD-mediated effects. Taken together, our results provide a mechanistic basis for the dichotomous functions of TAp73 in the regulation of cellular growth through its distinct TADs.