bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TECHNIQUES OF VISUAL COMMUNIACTION IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
Authors: Kowalczyk Maciej Wojciech , Lewandowska Agnieszka
Published: September 2020

Aim. The subject of the article are methods and techniques of architectural presentation to a diverse audience. The methods of architectural presentation as a key element in the dialogue with the future user of the designed space or building allow to present to the recipient the newly designed space to be created.Methods. The authors of the article present selected techniques of architectural presentation. The described ways of presenting the project were divided into material and virtual. The article discusses the most commonly used methods of architectural presentation such as: diagrams, visualization, physical model, virtual model, video, collage, analyzing their usefulness in terms of reliable communication in order to inform future users about planned changes. The authors describe in detail the use of architectural models as a technique used to present the project to both professional and non-professional recipients. The article discusses the pros and cons of each method.Results and Conclusion. The right choice of presentation method for the addressee allows for a better understanding of the presented idea and, as a result, for more informed choices made by the society, e.g. during public consultations, or by professional decision-making bodies in matters of public space and new architectural objects. The variety of methods of imaging the project vision available today has its individual features that favor or negatively affect the reception of works, by falsifying reality or its partial message.
A Moral Assessment of the Polish Israeli Declaration Following the 2018 Polish Anti-Defamation Law
Authors: Lewin Eyal , Miller-Katav Orit
Published: September 2020

Aim: This paper focuses on the question to what extent the Netanyahu-Morawiecki joint declaration of June 27, 2018 was indeed a moral one. Ignoring the realpolitik versus ideal politics discourse, our goal is to find out whether solely on an ethical level one can judge the moral qualities of the political concession.

Concept: To conduct an ethical judgement process, we took the following steps: (I) A review of the Israeli narrative. (II) A review of the Polish narrative. (III) An account of some moral shortcomings in both the Israeli as well as the Polish narratives. Eventually, these steps enabled us to reach a certain moral conclusion regarding the Polish Israeli declaration.   

Cognitive Value: We conclude that the Polish Israeli joint declaration was indeed a moderate compromise that could enable positive forces on both sides to strengthen their national narratives – not necessarily on account of each other. Furthermore, it could also serve as a mechanism that can elevate Holocaust research as well as universal understandings of lessons that can be learnt from the darkest age of human history.
The Religious life of Romanians in 18th-20th century Hungary, reflected in the works of researchers in the Hungarian space
Authors: Scridon Alin Cristian
Published: September 2020

Aim. We tend to believe that the religious life of Romanians in the diaspora – living in the proximity of the Romanian borders (we do not take into account the groups that left towards Spain, Italy, Germany, and so on at the beginning of the third millennium) - is a taboo subject. The Orthodox (Romanian) clerical elite focused less on the assiduous study of the religious life of their Romanian brothers outside the borders; in this case, in Hungary. Therefore, we have the scientific duty—but more importantly, the moral duty—to bring to light the truths that are either not known or are known in a distorted form. The road of Voniga (Giula-Giroc)  that we followed during the PhD research period was a blessing from the point of view of a scientific void/niche.

Methods. In our study, we have applied two “simple” components: the archive and the specialised bibliography.

Results. The archive was largely preserved only by Elena Csobai and Emilia Martin. The respectable ladies professionally structured the archive (Romanian Orthodox Church in Hungary) and saved hundreds of research sources from the depth of history.

Conclusion. As Moisa noted (2011), the puzzling ethnographic, linguistic, cultural, and historical bulk material is without a doubt focused on the Church. The church is inextricably linked to the lives of Romanians in Hungary. Going through the tens of thousands from the mentioned fields, even superficially, there is an undeniable truth: the spirituality is present, more or less, in the writings of most of the select researchers who have worked in the scientific field for the past three decades.
CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED IN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN TURKEY
Authors: Demircioğlu Aytekin
Published: September 2020

Aim. In this study, the challenges encountered during the introduction of religious education in Turkey are examined within the scope of their intended solutions.

Methods. In this study, challenges encountered in the implementation of religious education in Turkey are being discussed in a descriptive manner. Literature scanning and interpretation methods, one of the qualitative research methods, were used in the study.

 Results. Religious education in Turkey is both maintained within the formal education system and the non-formal education system. Formal education is provided in public schools run by the Ministry of National Education [MNE]. Primary, secondary and high school education is compulsory for all students. There are Imam Hatip Schools that were opened to provide religious education at secondary and high school level. There are also two hours of compulsory religious education per week in other schools. Non-formal religious education is provided only by the Presidency of Religious Affairs [PRA]. This training is given to people of all ages. For this purpose, the PRA opens several courses.

Conclusions. In this study, challenges encountered related to religious education in Turkey are being discussed in two main areas: Challenges in formal education are examined under seven subtitles. Challenges in non-formal education are examined under eight subtitles.

Originality. This study is an original study in terms of addressing the challenges in formal and non-formal religious education together. In addition, the possibility of making a collective examination of challenges related to religious education in Turkey would be valuable to the reader.
THE ROLE OF MEDIA IN CREATING AWARENESS ON CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE AMONG SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Sharma Archana
Published: September 2020

Aim. This study aims to analyse the role of media in creating awareness on child sexual abuse and Good Touch Bad Touch among children. The research also aims to study the students’ awareness level of Child Sexual Abuse which includes the Good Touch Bad Touch.

Method. The survey research method was used to collect data, through a well-structured questionnaire from 100 respondents of a school from a city of Punjab, constituting 20 respondents from each class, selected through convenient sampling.

Result. The findings reveal that the media failed to create awareness on child sexual abuse among children. 90% of the respondents were not aware of any child sexual abuse or child helpline number.

Conclusion. Even though, some initiatives were taken by various media tools to raise the child safety issue in the society, but those are not enough. There is a need to develop and run more specific programs regularly to raise awareness throughout society on child sexual abuse.
Analysis of gallic acid and ellagic acid in leaves of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. from different habitats and times in Xinjiang by HPLC with cluster analysis
Authors: Sun Yun , Liu Jiajia , Bayertai  , Tang Shasha , Zhou Xiaoying
Published: September 2020

Objective

To determine the levels of gallic acid and ellagic acid by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with R software hierarchical cluster analysisin Elaeagnus angustifolia L. gathered from different locations in Xinjiang.

Methods

A chromatographic column Diamonsil C18 with a size of 4.6 × 250 mm and 5 μm was used with methanol as A and 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution as B as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1 mL/min for the gradient elution and the injection volume was 5 μL. HPLC was performed with a detection wavelength of 260 nm and chromatographic column of 35 °C. In addition, R software hierarchical clustering method was used for studying the levels of gallic acid and ellagic acid in E. angustifolia L. from 10 areas.

Results

Gallic acid and ellagic acid showed a good linear relationship between 7.375 and 236 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999, and between 3.625 and 116 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999 respectively. The average recovery values were 103.98 and 101.57%, and the Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) values were 1.92 and 1.47%.

Conclusion

Differences in the levels of gallic acid and ellagic acid in E. angustifolia L. leaves from different areas in Xinjiang showed that both were the highest in Kuitun.
CF–PK–PD analysis of natural hemostatic compounds from Toddalia asiatica (Linn) Lam root bark in rats
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Liu Jie , Sun Wenbo , Shen Xiangchun , Gong Xiaojian , Wang Cong , Liang Yan , Zhou Wei
Published: September 2020

Natural hemostatic compounds from Toddalia asiatica (Linn) Lam (T. asiatica) root bark had been investigated by a novel strategy, chemical fingerprint–pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (CF–PK–PD) for the first time in this study. The extract sample of T. asiatica root bark was subdivided into petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA) and n-butanol (n-B) sample by reagent extraction, EA sample showed significant hemostatic activity using prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen (FIB) as evaluation indexes from rat plasma of PK experiment in hemorrhagic rat model. CF analysis was adopted to assist us to discover six natural compounds from T. asiatica root bark in actual rat plasma after sample treatment by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization (UPLC-ESI) MS, there were only lomatin and 5-methoxy-8-hydroxy psoralen showing significant hemostatic effect (P < 0.05) mainly through endogenous coagulation pathway and fibrinolytic system. In PK–PD study, six compounds in EA sample exhibited relatively rapid absorption and slow elimination characteristics. The mean Tmax and t1/2β of isopimpinellin and pimpinellin were 1.74 and 0.59 h, 5.31 and 6.89 h in rats. On the basis of Sigmoid–Emax model, PK–PD related curves of FIB in hemorrhagic rat model after treatment of T. asiatica root bark were obtained. Predicted Emax, EC50 and ke0 of FIB under isopimpinellin were 4.87 mg/mL, 1.39 μg/mL and 0.81 1/h; predicted Emax, EC50 and ke0 of FIB under pimpinellin were 4.29 mg/mL, 2.47 μg/mL and 0.77 1/h. In conclusion, hemostatic compounds from T. asiatica root bark had been materialized, there were lomatin, isopimpinellin, pimpinellin and 5-methoxy-8-hydroxy psoralen at least as its main active substances through coagulation pathways and fibrinolytic system. CF–PK–PD method as a promising method was worthy of follow-up opening, application in pharmaceutical research.
Texture, colour and sensory properties of non-fat yoghurt as influenced by tara gum or combinations of tara gum with buttermilk powder
Authors: Say Dilek , Soltani Mostafa , Güzeler Nuray
Published: September 2020

The texture, colour and sensory properties of non-fat yoghurts prepared with different tara gum concentrations (0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 gL-1) and different tara gum (TG) with buttermilk powder (BP) combinations (0.25+10, 0.50+10 and 1.0+10 gL-1) were investigated during storage. While addition of 0.25 and 0.50 gL-1 of tara gum caused an increase in firmness, consistency, cohesiveness, viscosity index of yoghurt samples,
use of 1 gL-1 of tara gum and combinations of tara gum with buttermilk powder led to a decrease in these properties. During the storage period,
increasing the concentration of tara gum resulted in significant decrease in L* and a* values, significant increase in b* value in yoghurt. Sensory properties of non-fat yoghurts supplemented with 0.25 and 0.50 gL-1 did not significantly differ from those of control yoghurts. In contrast, use of 1 gL-1 of tara gum and combinations of tara gum and buttermilk powder caused a significant decrease of sensory properties of non-fat yoghurt.
NILAI MORAL DALAM NOVEL SURAT KECIL UNTUK TUHAN KARYA AGNES DAVONAR
Authors: Auliyah Gina Nur , Heryani Yani
Published: September 2020

Objek penelitian ini adalah karya sastra berbentuk novel yang berjudul Surat Kecil Untuk Tuhan. Penelitian ini membahas tentang nilai moral dengan menggunakan pendekatan pragmatik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan beberapa nilai moral yang terdapat pada novel Surat Kecil Untuk Tuhan karya Agnes Davonar ini. Nilai moral yang terkandung didalamnya terdapat tiga jenis diantaranya adalah wujud nilai moral dalam hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan, wujud nilai moral dalam hubungan manusia dengan dirinya sendiri, dan yang selanjutnya yaitu wujud nilai moral dalan hubungan manusia dengan manusia lainnya.Kata kunci :
Peranan Politik Hukum dalam Pengembangan Profesi Advokat
Authors: Saepudin Agus
Published: September 2020

Masalah yang timbul saat ini begitu banyaknya organisasi advokat yang ada jika bandingkan dengan profesi lain, misal IDI adalah organisasi dokter indonesia yang menaungi profesi dokter, sedangkan advokat banyak sehingga terjadi persaingan yang tidak sehat antara organisasi advokat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari solusi agar banyaknya organisasi ini tidak membuat perkembangan profesi advokat menjadi menjadi menurun. Dengan metode kualitatif ,artikel ini menghasilkan bahwa pemerintah dalam hal ini merasa perlu ikut campur untuk membentuk dan mempersiapkan calon advokat yang handal melalui perarturan menteri riset dan teknologi  nomor 5 tahun 2019 tentang pendidikan Advokat.
Politik Hukum dalam Penerapan Undang-Undang ITE ; untuk Menghadapi Dampak Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Hadad Alwi Al
Published: September 2020

Tujuan artikel ini untuk menjelaskan peran hukum dalam mengimbangi percepatan siklus peradaban manusia agar terciptanya kehidupan yang tertib dalam suatu masyarakat. Penggunaan metode untuk membahas fokus penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif serta analisis terhadap pengaruh percepatan siklus peradaban dalam proses pembaharuan dan penegakkan hukum. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitative serta studi pustaka sebagai pengumpulan data, penulis menemukan bahwa tertinggalnya hukum dari peradaban menjadikan krisis dalam penegakkan hukum. Pada hakikatnya revolusi industri 4.0 menjadikan bergesernya pola pikir manusia dalam kehidupan dan dalam bermasyarakat. Era ini akan mempermudah berbagai aktifitas masyarakat di berbagai bidang, terutama dalam bidang teknologi. Akan tetapi tidak hanya itu efek yang ditimbulkan berpengaruh ke berbagai sektor, yaitu ranah politik, ekonomi, sosial, dan juga hukum. Selain dari hal positif masa tersebut menyimpan beberapa efek negatif, diantaranya penambahan angka pengangguran akibat tenaga manusia yang digantikan oleh tenaga mesin, kerusakan alam disebabkan eksploitasi industri, serta banyak berita yang belum jelas kebenarannya efek mudahnya akses penyebaran informasi. Implikasi dari hasil temuan ini merekomendasikan perlu adanya tindakan pemerintah untuk memperbaharui aturan dalam menanggulangi dampak negatif dari revolusi industri 4.0 tersebut
Validation of 19-items wearing-off (WOQ-19) questionnaire to Portuguese
Authors: MANTESE Carlos Eduardo , MEDEIROS Marcio , SCHUMACHER-SCHUH Artur , RIEDER Carlos Roberto de Melo
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT Background: The treatment of Parkinson disease with dopaminergic therapy improves functionality and quality of life. However, as the disease progresses, the wearing-off phenomenon develops. To improve the recognition of this phenomenon, the 19-item wearing-off questionnaire (WOQ-19) was developed. Objective: To translate and validate the WOQ-19 into Portuguese. Methods: The questionnaire was translated into Portuguese and, subsequently, back-translated into English and analyzed. The final version was tested in Parkinson disease patients for reliability through the test-retest paradigm and internal consistency. Also, sensitivity and specificity were obtained in different cut-off positive items. Results: The WOQ-19 showed good test stability, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.877 (95%CI 0.690-0.951; p<0.001), and good internal consistency, with Cronbach alpha of 0.815. Two items of positive cut-off showed the best accuracy: 0.873 (95%CI 0.791-0.954). Sensitivity was 0.975 (95%CI 0.892-1) and specificity was 0.714 (95%CI 0.565-0.863). Conclusion: The Portuguese version of the WOQ-19 showed excellent diagnostic properties and can be used to diagnose wearing-off phenomena.
Soil sampling optimization using spatial analysis in irrigated mango fields under brazilian semi-arid conditions
Authors: Silva Kátia Araújo da , Rodrigues Marcos Sales , Moreira Filipe Bernard Ramos , Lira Aíris Layanne Ferreira , Lima Augusto Miguel Nascimento , Cavalcante Ítalo Herbert Lucena
Published: September 2020

Abstract Soil sampling is a fundamental procedure in the decision making regarding the management of the soil, thus, a sampling plan should represent as accurately as possible the evaluated crop field. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to suggest a soil sampling approach and soil sampling point allocation using spatial analyses and compare to the classic statistic method in irrigated mango orchards in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The experiment was carried out in three commercial mango orchards located in the region of the São Francisco Valley, Brazil. Soil samples were collected in 0-0.2 m and 0.2-0.4 m depths following regular grids where the number of samples varied from 50 to 56. Soil texture, soil bulk density, soil total porosity, microporosity, macroporosity, pH, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Al, P, potential acidity, and the sum of basis were evaluated. Classical and geostatistical statistics were used to determine the ideal number of soil samples. Fuzzy c-means clustering technique was used to separate the areas into homogeneous zones and to allocate the sampling points. The wide method of 20 individual soil samples proved to be inefficient. On the other hand, the use of geostatistics proved to be efficient and is required for each crop field. The c-means clustering was adequate to separate the areas into homogeneous zones and, thus, to assist the sampling point allocation.
Veranicos no Ceará e Aplicações para Agricultura de Sequeiro
Authors: Rocha Thaís Braga Carneiro , Vasconcelos Junior Francisco das Chagas , Silveira Cleiton da Silva , Martins Eduardo Sávio Passos Rodrigues , Silva Robson Franklin Vieira
Published: September 2020

Resumo Os veranicos são caracterizados como a ocorrência de dias consecutivos com ausência de precipitação na estação chuvosa, que ocasionam perdas nas safras agrícolas. O presente artigo tem como objetivo classificar e regionalizar os veranicos que ocorrem durante a estação chuvosa, bem como, compreender as possíveis consequências sobre as perdas de safra. A área de estudo foi o estado Ceará, no qual os veranicos foram definidos como três ou mais dias consecutivos com precipitação diária igual ou inferior a 2 mm. A partir dos dados de rendimento do IBGE, foram calculadas as perdas do cultivo do milho e feijão, e através dos resultados pode-se inferir que: no ano considerado chuvoso (2009), foi verificada uma menor quantidade de ocorrências de veranicos, porém com perdas de safra significativas pelo excesso de chuvas, principalmente nas porções do Litoral de Fortaleza e Litoral do Pecém. Na análise dos anos secos (1998 e 2012), verificou-se maior ocorrência de veranicos e as perdas de safras ainda mais intensas, o indicador de veranicos apresentou menores ocorrências de eventos no noroeste do estado. Os resultados indicam um provável indicador para classificar as consequências de uma estiagem na produção agrícola de sequeiro.
Análise da Influência da Perfuração de Poços no Convívio com as Secas no Semiárido Nordestino: Estudo de Caso na Comunidade de Riacho das Flores em Reriutaba/Ce-Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Francisco Antônio de , Silveira Cleiton da Silva , Vasconcelos Júnior Francisco das Chagas
Published: September 2020

Resumo O presente estudo buscou mensurar a qualidade de vida da população antes e depois da instalação do novo poço na localidade de Riacho das Flores, zona rural do município de Reriutaba, região norte do estado do Ceará. O poço objetiva fornecer água encanada às residências. Um questionário foi aplicado em uma pesquisa de campo, cujo serão apresentados alguns resultados. Depois da chegada da água encanada nas residências, 11,11% dos moradores puderam desenvolver atividades de agricultura e pecuária, representando 27,78% dos entrevistados. ¾ dos entrevistados afirmaram haver melhora na qualidade de vida.
Can the risk of anal fistula development after perianal abscess drainage be reduced?
Authors: Gokce Feridun Suat , Gokce Aylin Hande
Published: September 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Perianal abscesses are frequently seen in clinical practice, and perianal fistulas develop in 30%–50% of cases after treatment. This study investigated whether the type of dressing applied after abscess drainage is correlated with fistula development. Prevention of fistula formation would reduce both the loss of work and healthcare costs. METHODS The records of patients who underwent drainage of perianal abscesses between January 2015 and January 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with postoperative dressings changed with washing of the area in the hospital were included as Group 1. Patients with dressings changed at home and the area bathed in 10% povidone-iodine sitz bath were included as Group 2. The frequency and time of fistula formation, age, sex, cost, and workdays lost in the two groups were compared. RESULTS Between-group differences in age, sex, body mass index, and type of fistula that developed after months and 1 year of the abscess drainage were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). During follow-up, fistula development was significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p < 0.001). The risk of perianal fistula development was significantly increased in those with a body mass index (BMI) > 30 (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS After perianal abscess drainage, in-hospital washing and dressing of the abscess area until abscess closure reduced the risk of perianal fistula, lost work time, and cost. The risk of perianal fistula development appeared to increase with BMI. A large, prospective study is needed for confirmation.
The south american context of diagnostic disclosure of adolescents infected by HIV/AIDS: a systematic literature review
Authors: Pinheiro Patrícia Neyva da Costa , Kendall Bernard Carl , Kerr Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo , Pickett Keith Michael , Luna Izaildo Tavares , Costa Maria Isabelly Fernandes da , Luz Luisa Fânia da Costa
Published: September 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To analyze the scientific evidence on the disclosure of the diagnostic of adolescents infected by HIV/AIDS in the South American context. DATABASE Systematic literature review using the PubMed, Cinahal, Embase, Cochrane, BVS, and Global Health databases and the descriptors: adolescent and HIV and family and Argentina or Bolivia or Brasil or Chile or Colombia or Ecuador or French Guiana or Paraguay or Peru or Uruguay or Venezuela. DATA SYNTHESIS Brasil was the country highlighted. It was verified that parents have a direct and indirect influence over the adolescents’ life, especially regarding behaviors and health care. Dialog among family members can reduce adolescents’ vulnerability to HIV and encourage diagnostic disclosure. CONCLUSION It is necessary to amplify research involving adolescents with HIV/AIDS and their parents/caregivers and family members to improve care and reduce the cases of the disease. It is suggested that policies of prevention and treatment should involve families, caregivers, partners, and the community.
The effectiveness of percutaneous injections of ozonotherapy in low back pain
Authors: Barbosa Luciano Timbó , Rodrigues Célio Fernando de Sousa , Andrade Raul Ribeiro de , Barbosa Fabiano Timbó
Published: September 2020

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Lumbar pain is one of the main reasons for medical consultation, causing the disruption of daily routines due to its disabling nature, thus resulting in social and personal damage. Among the complementary treatments, ozonotherapy offers analgesia to most patients, with reports of complications. However, great questions about its clinical effectiveness have not been answered yet, and there have been reports of serious complications. OBJECTIVE To describe the use of ozonotherapy in the treatment of lumbar pain, focusing on its favorable and unfavorable effects, and its analog profile. METHODS A cross-sectional bibliographic research was performed with scientific articles obtained from the Pubmed, LILACS and Scopus database, using the following descriptors: “Ozone”, “Therapy”, “Lumbar pain”, “complication”, “Disk herniation”, “Guideline”, “Protocol”, “Standards”, “Criteria”. RESULTS The researched literature corroborates that, in clinical practice, there is safety in the use of oxygen-ozone therapy through percutaneous injections for the treatment of lumbar pain, especially when compared to surgeries and use of medicines, provided that strict criteria are followed. CONCLUSION The procedure is effective and has a favorable analgesic profile. However, it is necessary to produce a medical guideline that will help in its strict and systematic control.
Distrust of the State and observance of the law among peasants in the San Nicolas Valley
Authors: Durán-Palacio Nicolasa María , Cogollo-Ospina Sonia Natalia , Moreno-Carmona Norman Darío
Published: September 2020

Abstract In Colombia, political decisions related to the countryside preserve an unjust social order, maintaining inequities and obstacles to the well-being and life quality of farmers. In this scenario the Territorial Arrangement Planning of the San Nicolas Valley, in the East of the department of Antioquia, has generated a series of rural conflicts that accentuate the vulnerabilities of rural residents, threatening the agricultural tradition in this subregion. Thus, this study inquired about the perceptions of legality in the peasant population of the area. A descriptive-correlational study with non-probabilistic sampling was carried out, including 380 peasants, members of civic-rural associations of the San Nicolas Valley, evaluating in four scales: beliefs, values, knowledge of the law and perceived legality in the context. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS v.22 software. The findings indicated significant relationships between the study variables. Despite the state abandonment of the proletariat to market forces in an area with socioeconomic imbalances, no determining link was found between low income and violation of the law.
MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS DIAGNOSED OR SUSPECTED WITH COVID-19 IN CARDIORESPIRATORY ARREST: A SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Nascimento Jessica Cristhyanne Peixoto , Rocha Rodrigo Rhuan Andrade , Dantas Joyce Karolayne Dos Santos , Oliveira Eloysa Dos Santos , Dantas Daniele Vieira , Dantas Rodrigo Assis Neves
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: to map the production of knowledge about the recommendations that can be applied in managing patients diagnosed or suspected with COVID-19 in cardiorespiratory arrest. Method: a scoping review, according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (2020) guidelines. Search was performed in ten data sources, and two electronic search engines were used; from 2001 to 2020. Results: of the 547 studies found, 14 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most studies were published in 2020 (35.7%), and most studies were conducted in Canada (21.4%). It is observed the use of a systematized care to identify the possible means of care that should be provided to patients who suffer a cardiorespiratory arrest in hospitals, such as the monitoring of suspected cases by assessing the victim’s breathing and pulse and identifying arrhythmias and shockable rhythms quickly. Personal protective equipment must be used to protect against droplets and aerosols and respiratory etiquette. Conclusion: managing patients in cardiorespiratory arrest suspected or diagnosis with COVID-19 requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed in isolation areas and with the use of adequate protective equipment. There are gaps in scientific productions so that they address more clearly and instructively management when performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients suspected or diagnosed with COVID-19.
Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas em um Curso de Medicina: Desafios na sua Implementação
Authors: Rezende Kátia Terezinha Alves , Costa Maria Cristina Guimarães da , Rodrigues Matheus Eduardo , Tonhom Silvia Franco da Rocha
Published: September 2020

Abstract: Introduction: Considering an integrated curriculum that is guided by dialogical competence according to the National Curriculum Guidelines, the Systematized Educational Unit (UES) and the Professional Practice Unit (UPP) constitutes the curriculum of a medical course in a municipality in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is used in the UES and the problematization is used in the Professional Practice Unit as teaching methodologies, seeking an organization that leads to a training that is coherent with the public health sector and the national education scenario. The UES is the focus of this study because we observed that there are divergences among teachers regarding their role as tutors. Thus, we observed that the teaching methodology currently employed at Famema led us to some questions: Do the teachers consider themselves qualified to work with the PBL method? How do evaluations contribute to the teaching-learning process? Thus, this study aimed to analyze the teachers’ understanding of their ability to work with the PBL and the relevance of evaluations for the teaching-learning process in the UES. Method: This is an exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out using a semi-structured interview with teachers who work with the 1st to 4th years in the UES of the medical course, and the selection of the participants was carried out from a non-probabilistic sample of intention, totaling 16 teachers, including four teachers of each of the first four years of the course. The analysis of the data was performed by Content Analysis in the thematic modality, which allowed the definition of two thematic axes: Challenges for teacher training and Potentials and limits of the implemented evaluation process. Results: The trajectory of the PBL in the teaching-learning process from the point of view of teachers showed us a variety of understandings. As for teacher training, weaknesses were identified in the development of the tutoring process, and that the strategies used for training need to be reviewed regarding their implementation and the inclusion of the professionals into the process. Regarding the evaluation, it was observed that the teachers demonstrate difficulties in carrying out an evaluation of the students while integrating the affective, cognitive and psychomotor dimensions. Conclusion: Therefore, regardless the time of the curriculum implementation, Permanent Education should constitute a powerful space for teacher training and process management.
Problem-Based Learning in a Medical School: Implementations Challenges
Authors: Rezende Kátia Terezinha Alves , Costa Maria Cristina Guimarães da , Rodrigues Matheus Eduardo , Tonhom Silvia Franco da Rocha
Published: September 2020

Abstract: Introduction: Considering an integrated curriculum that is guided by dialogical competence according to the National Curriculum Guidelines, the Systematized Educational Unit (UES) and the Professional Practice Unit (UPP) constitutes the curriculum of a medical course in a municipality in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is used in the UES and the problematization is used in the Professional Practice Unit as teaching methodologies, seeking an organization that leads to a training that is coherent with the public health sector and the national education scenario. The UES is the focus of this study because we observed that there are divergences among teachers regarding their role as tutors. Thus, we observed that the teaching methodology currently employed at Famema led us to some questions: Do the teachers consider themselves qualified to work with the PBL method? How do evaluations contribute to the teaching-learning process? Thus, this study aimed to analyze the teachers’ understanding of their ability to work with the PBL and the relevance of evaluations for the teaching-learning process in the UES. Method: This is an exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out using a semi-structured interview with teachers who work with the 1st to 4th years in the UES of the medical course, and the selection of the participants was carried out from a non-probabilistic sample of intention, totaling 16 teachers, including four teachers of each of the first four years of the course. The analysis of the data was performed by Content Analysis in the thematic modality, which allowed the definition of two thematic axes: Challenges for teacher training and Potentials and limits of the implemented evaluation process. Results: The trajectory of the PBL in the teaching-learning process from the point of view of teachers showed us a variety of understandings. As for teacher training, weaknesses were identified in the development of the tutoring process, and that the strategies used for training need to be reviewed regarding their implementation and the inclusion of the professionals into the process. Regarding the evaluation, it was observed that the teachers demonstrate difficulties in carrying out an evaluation of the students while integrating the affective, cognitive and psychomotor dimensions. Conclusion: Therefore, regardless the time of the curriculum implementation, Permanent Education should constitute a powerful space for teacher training and process management.
From Family Doctor to Student Preceptor in the Brazilian Unified Health System: Experience Report
Authors: Oliveira Daniel Almeida de , Souza Eder Viana de
Published: September 2020

Abstract: Introduction: This article reports the experience of a physician, specialist in Family and Community Medicine, who works in a Basic Health Unit in the southern region of the city of São Paulo, in the Primary Health Care of the Unified Health System, when he became a Preceptor of Medical students at Universidade São Caetano do Sul. Method: The students learned about the typical structure of a Basic Health Unit. They learned how to acquire the medical history during anamnesis, under supervision, and the physical examination, as they acquired the necessary skills. They also learned how to request complementary examinations. With this training, they learned how to apply the clinical method during practice. The students also learned the competence to apply the clinical method in uncontrolled environments through the home visit, which also made it possible to know the reality of the patient in loco. The follow-up of families and the index cases for a few years gave the students the opportunity to experience the different care cycles of the Family Health Strategy, including the question of death, which started in the socio-family context. They also participated and carried out assistance and knowledge transmission groups for the community, in which students were able to train communication and adaptation at the population level. They met and participated in the team meetings, which allowed showing the weekly planning of activities, the interdisciplinary discussion of more complex cases and the created strategies. Results: The promising results of the Active Methodologies based on student autonomy, in relation to the learning process, are applied to the teaching of Medicine in clinical practice environments, since the contact with reality improves learning, challenges the students to research and reflect with autonomy to think about what they must do with the established learning goals and teaches them to use previous experiences to interrelate new knowledge with previous information through Evidence-Based Medicine and reflect on medical practice. Conclusion: Comments are also made on the National Curricular Guidelines, which request the inclusion of the medical student within the scope of the Unified Health System, aimed mainly at Primary Health Care learning.
LA EDUCACIÓN PARA LA CIUDADANÍA: UNA URGENCIA EDUCATIVA PARA EL SIGLO XXI
Authors: Ponce Roberto Sanz , Sarmiento Ángela Serrano , Bertolín Aurelio González
Published: September 2020

RESUMEN La escuela debe redefinirse para desarrollar capacidades personales-profesionales-cívicas en los alumnos. El objeto de este artículo es describir el rol del docente, mediante un estudio exploratorio de tipo documental que analiza antecedentes y proyecciones futuras de una educación cívica. Esta se fundamenta en la adquisición de valores cívicos, mediante la vivencia personal y la imitación de la conducta docente. Por ello, el maestro debe poseer ciertas cualidades personales y pedagógicas; conocer estrategias metodológicas que desarrollen valores cívicos y dedicar tiempo para su asimilación y acomodación. Este enfoque replantea contenidos y políticas de selección y formación del profesorado, en base a estos interrogantes: ¿Qué tipo de sociedad queremos? y ¿Qué tipo de profesorado se necesita?
Are there differences in heterozygosity of strains obtained from intercrossed and self-fertilized onion plants?
Authors: Luz José Magno Queiroz , Machado Daniel Lucas Magalhães , Maciel Gabriel Mascarenhas , Freitas Joelson André de , Oliveira Roberta Camargos de
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT The commercial use of onion hybrids is preferred by producers. In contrast, the production of hybrid onion seeds is extremely inefficient. This is due to the use of lineages obtained by successive self-fertilizations assuming the effect of inbreeding depression per se. Therefore, it is necessary to understand new alternatives to reduce the effect of inbreeding depression in the strains. The objective of this study was to evaluate possible differences in polymorphism and levels of heterozygosity of strains obtained from intercrossed and self-fertilized plants. Twelve onion populations belonging to Bayer’s breeding program (Granex, IPA-1, IPA-2 and IPA-3) were used, obtained by self-fertilization of one plant, intercrossing of two plants or intercrossing of three plants. Three individuals from each strain were used in the analyzes. The amplifications were performed using 8 microsatellite primers with greater polymorphism, according to germplasm characterization studies carried out by CITA. Heterozygosity generally decreases with self-fertilization and increases as more plants are used in the cross. The SSR markers used in the present study were efficient in detecting variability in different genetic backgrounds. With the results obtained, it is suggested to carry out the obtaining of hybrids between the different combinations and to analyze the performance per se of the different modalities of obtaining strains proposed in the present research.
Salicylic acid treatments induce resistance to Tuta absoluta and Tetranychus urticae on tomato plants
Authors: Pulga Paulo Sérgio , Henshel Juliane Maciel , Resende Juliano Tadeu Vilela de , Zeist André Ricardo , Moreira Aline Fabiana Paladini , Gabriel André , Silva Mayara Barbosa , Gonçalves Leandro Simões Azeredo
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT This study was performed to evaluate the effect of exogenous application of salicylic acid as a resistance inducer to two-spotted spider mite and tomato pinworm on tomato genotypes. Bioassays were carried out in three commercial genotypes (‘Redenção’, ‘Giuliana’, and ‘Alambra’) and one wild genotype (Solanum habrochaites var. hirsutum, accession PI-127826). Average distance travelled by the two-spotted spider mite and number of eggs deposited over the leaflets of the genotypes were investigated. Concerning pinworm bioassay, number of eggs, leafminers on leaflet surface and percentage of leaf area consumed by leafminers were evaluated using a scanner. Furthermore, severity of attack to plants was evaluated by score scale for damages, types of lesions and attacked leaflets. Salicylic acid application induced resistance in the commercial genotypes against both pests, reducing the two-spotted spider mite and pinworm oviposition. The spider mites travelled shorter distance on leaflets of genotypes treated with salicylic acid at intermediate concentrations, indicating a positive effect of substance as inducing resistance. Attack severity by pinworm was also reduced when intermediate doses of salicylic acid were applied. Also, higher resistance was observed on accession PI-127826 as compared to other genotypes. The obtained results indicate that the resistance of PI-127826 was due to constitutive defense, whereas on commercial genotypes defense was dependent on responses mediated by salicylic acid. Hence, salicylic acid treatment, as resistance inducer, seems to be efficient against two-spotted spider mite and pinworm, being a promising tool within an integrated pest management on tomato plants.
Prolonging Survival: The Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Treatment of Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Melosky Barbara , Cheema Parneet K. , Brade Anthony , McLeod Deanna , Liu Geoffrey , Price Paul Wheatley , Jao Kevin , Schellenberg Devin D. , Juergens Rosalyn , Leighl Natasha , Chu Quincy
Published: September 2020

Background

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents approximately 15% of lung cancers, and approximately 70% are diagnosed as extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC). Although ES-SCLC is highly responsive to chemotherapy, patients typically progress rapidly, and there is an urgent need for new therapies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have recently been investigated in SCLC, and this review provides guidance on the use of these agents in ES-SCLC based on phase III evidence.

Methods

Published and presented literature on phase III data addressing use of ICIs in ES-SCLC was identified using the key search terms “small cell lung cancer” AND “checkpoint inhibitors” (OR respective aliases). Directed searches of eligible studies were periodically performed to ensure capture of the most recent data.

Results

Six phase III trials were identified, with four assessing the benefits of ICIs plus chemotherapy first-line, one evaluating ICIs as first-line therapy maintenance, and one assessing ICI monotherapy after progression on platinum-based chemotherapy. The addition of ipilimumab or tremelimumab to first-line treatment or as first-line maintenance did not improve survival. Two out of three studies combining PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy demonstrated significant long-lasting survival benefits and improved quality of life with no unexpected safety concerns. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as first-line maintenance or in later lines of therapy did not improve survival. Biomarker research is ongoing as well as research into the role of ICIs in combination with radiation therapy in limited-stage SCLC.

Conclusion

The addition of atezolizumab or durvalumab to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy for ES-SCLC prolongs survival and improves quality of life.

Implications for Practice

Platinum-based chemotherapy has been standard of care for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) for more than a decade. Six recent phase III trials investigating immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have clarified the role of these agents in this setting. Although ICIs were assessed first-line, as first-line maintenance, and in later lines of therapy, the additions of atezolizumab or durvalumab to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy were the only interventions that significantly improved overall survival and increased quality of life. These combinations should therefore be considered standard therapy for first-line ES-SCLC. Biomarker research and investigations into the role of ICIs for limited-stage disease are ongoing.
Modified FOLFOXIRI With or Without Cetuximab as Conversion Therapy in Patients with RAS/BRAF Wild-Type Unresectable Liver Metastases Colorectal Cancer: The FOCULM Multicenter Phase II Trial
Authors: Hu Huabin , Wang Kun , Huang Meijin , Kang Liang , Wang Wei , Wang Hui , Qiu Meng , Lin Rongbo , Zhang Haibo , Lan Ping , Wu Xiaojian , Liu Guangjian , Wan Yunle , Liu Ming , Zhou Zhiyang , Huang Yan , Li Fangqian , Zhang Jianwei , Cai Yue , Ma Tenghui , Zhou Jiaming , Wang Huaiming , Ling Jiayu , Cai Yonghua , Wu Zehua , Luo Shuangling , Ling Li , Deng Yanhong
Published: September 2020

Purpose

This trial evaluated the addition of cetuximab to a modified FOLFOXIRI (mFOLFOXIRI: 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid, oxaliplatin, irinotecan) as conversion therapy in a two-group, nonrandomized, multicenter, phase II trial in patients with initially technically unresectable colorectal liver-limited metastases (CLM) and BRAF/RAS wild-type.

Patients and Methods

Patients were enrolled to receive cetuximab (500 mg/m2) plus mFOLFOXIRI (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2, irinotecan 165 mg/m2, folinic acid 400 mg/m2, 5-fluorouracil 2,800 mg/m2 46-hour infusion, every 2 weeks) (the cetuximab group) or the same regimen of mFOLFOXIRI alone (the control group), in a 2:1 ratio allocation. The primary endpoint was the rate of no evidence of disease (NED) achieved. Secondary endpoints included resection rate, objective response rate (ORR), survival, and safety.

Results

Between February 2014 and July 2019, 117 patients were registered for screening at six centers in China, and 101 of these were enrolled (67 cetuximab group, 34 control group). The rate of NED achieved was 70.1% in the cetuximab group and 41.2% in the control group (difference 29.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.1%–48.8%; p = .005). Patients in the cetuximab group had improved ORR (95.5% vs. 76.5%; difference 19.1%; 95% CI, 17.4%–36.4%; p = .010) compared with those in control group. Progression-free survival and overall survival showed the trend to favor the cetuximab group. The incidence of grade 3 and 4 adverse events was similar in the two groups.

Conclusion

Addition of cetuximab to mFOLFOXIRI improved the rate of NED achieved. This combination could be an option of conversion regimen for molecularly selected patients with initially technically unresectable CLM.

Implications for Practice

This trial evaluated the addition of cetuximab to a modified FOLFOXIRI as conversion therapy in a phase II trial in patients with initially technically unresectable colorectal liver-limited metastases and BRAF/RAS wild-type. The rate of no evidence of disease achieved was 70.1% in the cetuximab plus modified FOLFOXIRI group and 41.2% in the modified FOLFOXIRI group. Objective response rates, overall survival, and progression-free survival were improved in the cetuximab group when compared with the modified FOLFOXIRI group. Addition of cetuximab to modified FOLFOXIRI increased the rate of no evidence of disease achieved, and this combination could be an option of conversion regimen for molecularly selected patients with initially technically unresectable colorectal liver-limited metastasis.