bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ONTOLOGY AND PRESENTATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE: A CASE STUDY OF QIONG-LIN SETTLEMENT IN KINMEN
Authors: Yen Y. N. , Yang W. B.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The management and interpretation of cultural heritage is an important international conservation issue. The construction of long-term sustainable international exchange information will help to present and promote the interpretation of intention for the cultural heritage. The Arches system platform of this study presents the concept of the life cycle of cultural heritage, and establishes the thesauri and metadata in the management and maintenance stage of Taiwan's monuments, which can mapping to the entity of relevant ontology, covering the contents required by previous visits and related needs interviews, while the detailed description part is still filled with the entity of description; the presentation platform is no longer limited to the vertical or horizontal query of the existing national database and can integrate categories, keywords, maps and other ways to present related knowledge, and expand to the system according to a physical thing, actor, activity and other entities, so as to enhance the functionality of user search. We should make long-term planning to establish complete metadata and ontology model of the tangible and intangible life cycle, provide the development direction of the national cultural heritage database and provide the basic work of international data exchange in the future.
FROM TLS POINT CLOUD DATA TO GEOMETRICAL GENESIS DETERMINATION OF RIBBED MASONRY VAULTS
Authors: Agustín-Hernández L. , Argiolas R. , Bagnolo V. , Sancho Mir M.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The contribution aims to explore the possibility of tracing the geometry of ribbed vaults from two different Mediterranean regions to a single matrix, verifying the presence of possible local variations of the same rules. In particular, the analyses are being carried out in parallel on some case studies of the regions of Sardinia in Italy and Aragon in Spain. The two case studies include the Iglesia Parroquial del Salvador la Seo in Zaragoza and the Church of Santa Lucia in Cagliari. Both constructions can be traced back to the style known as Late Mediterranean Gothic, which characterised the architecture of the countries bordering the Mediterranean basin between the 14th and 17th centuries. The two case studies chosen were almost at the extreme ends of the Late Gothic period, to determine whether some invariants sought could persist even in relatively distant periods. The analysis focused on cross vaults covering the two naves, which included a laser scanner survey in order to obtain a cloud of points of sufficient precision to carry out studies on the geometry of the vaulted systems, the identification of the intrados profiles of the ribs and therefore the definition of the curvatures and centres of all the arches making up the vaults. Finally, the results are presented by means of summary diagrams and comparison tables.
A STUDY ON THE SPATIAL INTERPRETATION STRATEGY OF CHANG'AN CITY SITE OF TANG DYNASTY: FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL ROUTES INTERPRETATION
Authors: Yue Y. , Pezzetti L. A. , Wang L.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Chang'an is the starting point of "Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor", which was listed as World Heritage in 2014. Based on the practice and exploration of presentation of the Chang'an City Site of Tang Dynasty in Xi'an, this paper presents a discussion of how to combine the interpretation of cultural routes with the interpretation and presentation of the urban traces under a modern city. Under the pressure of urban development and renewal, it explores the interpretation strategies based on cultural routes, trying to solve the contradictions between the needs of potential heritage conservation and urban development. Moreover, the paper explores contradictions between meanings and values arising among approaches to heritage sites in relation to the urban role as a starting point of the Silk Road. Focusing on the need to actively integrate potential underground ruins into the development plan of the city, the paper extends the notion of "setting" to include the historic urban context and their structuring components. Integrating archaeological and literature materials and based on the heritage value of Chang'an City of Tang Dynasty in the cultural route, the paper attempts to sort out the relationship of inheritance and continuity between the underground city and the modern city patterns. It is argued that such kind of sorting is a key task for spatial interpretation. Furthermore, the spatial interpretation-based strategy for potential sites is recommended as the tool to explore the guiding principles of urban cultural heritage interpretation and land use co-development.
DOCUMENTATION AND HBIM OF INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE USING DRONE IMAGES: PETROLEUM RESERVOIR OF MASHHAD
Authors: Zaker R. , Eghra A. , Pahlavan P.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Documentation is a key step for cognition of cultural heritage, and also a requisite for conservation and adaptive reuse actions. Petroleum reservoir of Mashhad (constructed in 1925) was documented by means of Drone images. The photogrammetric documentation was aimed at provision of 3D models and as a dataset for the creation of BIM models. These data-enriched models could be used on Digital Twin platforms for monitoring and operational purposes, a concept that is becoming increasingly relevant in the field of cultural heritage conservation. The discussion of this process demonstrates that the dense matching of drone images may generate centimeter-level precision and can provide a proper basis for BIM and Digital Twin platforms. The capability of this system will help the community in sustainable development in order to preserve the monuments and determine the appropriate urban use in heritage buildings.
DOCUMENTING PAINTINGS USING GIGAPIXEL SFM PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Cabezos-Bernal P. M. , Rodriguez-Navarro P. , Gil-Piqueras T.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Capturing paintings with gigapixel resolution (resolution around 1000 megapixels or greater) is an innovative technique that is starting to be used by some important international museums for documenting, analysing, and disseminating their masterpieces.This line of research is extremely interesting, not only for art curators and scholars, but also for the general public. The results can be disseminated through online virtual tours, offering a detailed interactive visualization. These virtual tours allow the viewer to delve into the artwork, in such a way, that it is possible to zoom in and observe those details, which would be negligible to the naked eye in a real visit. Therefore, this kind of virtual visualization using gigapixel images becomes an essential tool to enhance this cultural heritage and to make it accessible to everyone.This article will describe an affordable methodology, based on SfM photogrammetry techniques, with which it will be possible to achieve a very high level of detail and chromatic fidelity, when documenting and disseminating pictorial artworks. As a practical example, there will be shown a case study of the altarpiece, from the Museo de Bellas Artes de Valencia (Spain), entitled Virgen de las fiebres, painted around 1500 by Bernardino di Benedetto di Biagio, nicknamed ‘Il Pinturicchio' (Perugia, ca. 1454 – Siena, 1513).
CONSERVATIONAL ARCHITECTURE EVALUATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM BASED ON LONG-TERM ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DATA – TAKING GUANGYUAN QIANFOYA CLIFF INSCRIPTIONS CONSERVATIONAL ARCHITECTURE ASSESSMENT AS AN EXAMPLE
Authors: Zhang R. , Wang Q. , Chen Z. , An C.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The environmental monitoring data of Qianfoya Cliff Inscriptions in Guangyuan, Sichuan Province accumulated since 2014 make it possible to analyze the environmental monitoring data in and out of the Experimental Structure of the Conservational Architecture of Qianfoya Cliff Inscriptions which was built in 2016. By comparing the long long-term environmental pattern and differences between the internal and external part of the section, the results indicate that the Conservational Architecture effectively decrease the frequency of short-term sever winds, strong sunshine and extreme high and low temperatures, reduces the short short-term temperature and humidity variation range, which creates a stable microenvironment conducive to the preservation of statues without changing the long long-term environmental transformation pattern. Moreover, a parameter system for evaluating the conservational architecture, which directly related to environmental damage factors and meets the requirement of measurability and controllability, has been established and control threshold of microenvironment adjustment, which divides abnormal environment state in three levels (caution states, Pre-warning states, Warning states), has been chosen so as to quantitatively evaluate the protection effect of the experimental structure and provide data guidance for daily protection work and environmental control. Based on this parameter system and control thresholds , the total duration of warning states in Qianfoya experimental structure can be reduced by 30% compared with that outside the experimental structure , which further proves that the experimental structure plays a significant role in alleviating the main natural deterioration factors in Qianfoya cliff.
REFLECTIONS ON THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEM OF THE HERITAGE BUILDINGS IN THE PALACE MUSEUM – A CASE STUDY OF THE MERIDIAN GATE EXHIBITION HALL
Authors: Zhang X. , Dai P. , Zhao Z.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The indoor micro-environment monitoring system of the Forbidden City aims to explore the thresholds of environmental indicators under the presence of coexistence of multiple cultural relics through the analysis of environmental monitoring data and the deterioration of cultural heritiges, and to develop the optimal strategies for the protection and utilization of cultural heritiges. The objects of interest include historic buildings with modernised interior or those used for the storage of movable cultural relics. Several environmental indicators are employed to quantify the dynamic changes of the indoor environment. In order to meet the requirements of 24-hour data collection, real-time data transmission, and easy management and maintenance, the indoor micro-environmental monitoring system has been continuously upgraded and the "LoRa-based Hybrid Self-Organising Network System Deployment Solution" was deployed to satisfy the demands of high precision, low energy consumption, constant stability, and low cost. Taking the Meridian Gate exhibition hall of the Forbidden City during the exhibition "Splendor Forever: Six Centuries of the Forbidden City" as an example, we discussed the relationship between temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and visitor volumes, and the results provide a basis for optimizing the management of the exhibition. Future improvements to the indoor environment monitoring should focus on strengthening the in-depth mining of data and multi-factor correlation analysis, so as to gradually form a systematic and comprehensive monitoring management system.
The Best Chance For All: A Policy Roadmap for Post-Pandemic Panic
Authors: Kift Sally , Zacharias Nadine , Brett Matt
Published: August 2021

The Best Chance for All was developed in 2018 as a long-term policy vision for student equity in Australian tertiary education. We argue in this article that COVID-19 has exacerbated the issues that the policy vision sought to address and has increased demands on and of post-secondary education. Specifically, we argue that the magnitude of the social and economic challenges presented by COVID-19 warrants holistic policy responses that enable the transition to a connected tertiary education system; one designed to deliver choice and flexibility for lifelong learners. A roadmap for this transition exists in the form of The Best Chance For All. The vision can be actuated through demand driven funding arrangements across tertiary education that are coherently aligned to optimise the performance of both the higher and vocational education sectors and are underpinned by sustained investment in equity outreach and support.
Processing of discourse anaphors by L2 speakers of English
Authors: Cokal Derya , Sturt Patrick , Ferreira Fernanda
Published: September 2021

This study examines the cognitive information processes that Turkish advanced non-native speakers of English employ in assigning the referents of this and that in reading and production. We predicted that these speakers would assign referents in relation to the linear distance between discourse-linked anaphors and their referents in the discourse (i.e., based on spatial-temporal features of this and that), which means they would prefer this for a referent mentioned in the proximal chunk of text and that for a referent mentioned in the distal chunk. We also predicted that readers would not assign referents based on the focusing features of this and that. We tested our predictions in two eye- tracking reading experiments and one sentence-completion experiment. Turkish L2 learners’ on- line reference resolution in reading experiments was different from that of English native speakers that were tested in a previous study. In the eye-tracking experiments, Turkish L2 learners did not show evidence of using a recency strategy to resolve referential ambiguity and did not use spatial- temporal or focusing features of this and that to assign referents. On the other hand, in the sentence- completion experiment, the effect of prominence of discourse structure in the use of this and that was qualitatively similar to that of English native speakers, but their indexing of the degree of focus of this and that was different. Our results suggest that the difference between Turkish L2 learners and English native speakers is due to L1 interference.
Psychological factors related to choking under pressure
Authors: Iwatsuki Takehiro , Van Raalte Judy , Brewer Britton , Petipas Albert , Takahashi Masanori
Published: August 2021

Tennis players who focus on their skill execution and self-regulation are likely to improve in training. On the other hand, focusing on performance too much (reinvestment) can result in “paralysis by analysis” and performance decrements. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between reinvestment, self-regulation, and perceived choking under pressure among 180 collegiate male and female tennis players from NCAA Division I in the United States (78 players), and from League I in Japan (102 players ). Results indicated that a focus on skill execution via self-regulation was positively associated with conscious motor processing and negatively associated with perceived choking. This means that tennis players who consciously control their movement are less likely to perceive themselves as choking under pressure.
Muscular imbalances and their impact on the health of the tennis player: Assessments of explosive strength in the lower limbs by means of jumps
Authors: Velasco Javier Villaplana , Lafarga Cristina Blasco
Published: August 2021

This paper discusses the existence of asymmetry in tennis players lower limbs, if these asymmetries impact on determining capabilities as Explosive Strength and Elastic Explosive Strength, and if so, how they are affected by fatigue. This paper holds the hypothesis that there exist differences in the capabilities of useful strength in the lower limb muscles, and that these muscular differences or asymmetries are the source of injury for developing tennis players.
Apport de l’approche par milieux innovateurs pour comprendre et penser le développement territorial : cas de l’innovation patrimoniale
Authors: EDMAN Hassan
Published: August 2021

Cet article se propose d’étudier l’apport de l’approche par milieux innovateurs aux politiques de développement territorial. Sur les trente dernières années, l’approche a permis un nouveau regard et de profonds renouvellements d’hypothèses et de problématiques de l’analyse territoriale. Elle permet de mieux lier le comportement innovateur des acteurs locaux à la dynamique économique, originellement, dans le sens que c’est le territoire qui secrète l’innovation et l’entrepreneuriat innovant. Nous proposons une réflexion croisée entre la notion de "ressource patrimoniale" et le référentiel théorique de base, les milieux innovateurs. Il d’agit notamment de présenter le caractère innovateur des milieux producteurs à base de ressources patrimoniales, les configurations possibles de l’inscription territoriale des ressources ainsi qu’une typologie de dynamiques qui se créent et qui font émerger de nouvelles combinaisons d’éléments, potentiellement pertinentes ou handicapantes pour un développement territorial durable.
Television Democratization and the Political Awareness of Voters in Indonesia
Authors: Ali Abdelrahman , Widyastuti Nurprapti Wahyu , Mulyana Deddy
Published: September 2021

This study explores how the democratization of media in Indonesia enhanced the role of television stations in raising voters’ political awareness about the 2014 legislative election. For this qualitative study, we interviewed two media experts and the chief editors of six television stations. We find that there are three general factors negatively affect TV’s role as a free public sphere, namely, production constraints, owners` political interests, and commercial aspects of the television industry. Concentration of ownership and commercialization have increased television’s orientation toward profit, minimizing its educative role, and minimizing its neutrality. However, television still increased voters’ awareness regarding the election technicalities but failed to reflect the visions of the competing candidates. The establishment of innovative community television could be an alternative for commercial TV in Indonesia. However, the performance of community TVs in Indonesia is hindered by the restricted access to frequency spectrum and low financial capabilities.
Organizing bell hooks’ Frameworks for Interrogating Representations
Authors: Biana Hazel
Published: September 2021

The feminist bell hooks is a staunch critic of sexist, racist, and classist media representations. Despite this, hooks has been called out for being unscholarly and disorganized in her cultural criticism. Through a close reading of hooks’ works, this paper attempts to make sense of and organize her cultural criticism frameworks toward a possible system for a critical discourse analysis. Hooks’ works are taken apart to examine how the parts fit together to understand the order, interventions, and intellectual motivations of her methods. Certain processes by which these frameworks may be used by scholars and critics for interrogating sex, race, class, and other intersectional representations are also discussed.
TREATMENT OF LUBRICATING OIL USED WITH THE USE OF SOLVENTS AND ADSORBENT MATERIALS
Authors: ROSA M. S. L. , SILVA I. B. C. L. , ARAUJO N. T. M. , FIGUEIREDO F. C. , SANTOS JUNIOR J. R.
Published: August 2021

The development of human activities in the industrial and transportat sectors has increased the contamination of water bodies by the release of used and contaminated lubricating oils used and contaminated (OLUC). To contain such contaminations, the process of re-refining the OLUC has been used worldwide to recover the base oil. Based on the literature, this process using the extraction and adsorption steps is effective, low cost, making the product able to enter the production chain again. So, this review highlights the recovery process of the base oil, from the extraction with solvent and adsorbent materials and the characterizations of the new oil, OLUC and oil recovered by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal analysis.
ELABORATION OF A GUIDE FOR COMPONENTS’ RECOVERY OF USED BATTERIES: A PROJECT WITH ENVIRONMENTAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND POSSIBILITY OF EXPLORATION OF SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS IN THE STATE OF TOCANTINS
Authors: WOODLAND W. C. , SILVA R. P. , FRANCISCO W.
Published: August 2021

Batteries are electrochemical devices widely used in the modern world. However, its disposal cannot be done in ordinary waste due to the characteristics of corrosiveness, toxicity and reactivity. Although there are laws that establish an adequate destination, this is not always available in all cities in the country. In this sense, this article aims to present a project of recycling commercial batteries with the university-school interaction in the critical aspect of Environmental Education, culminating in the elaboration of a procedural recycling guide. In this project, the batteries were obtained in public schools in Gurupi - Tocantins, after holding lectures to promote environmental awareness on the subject. Then they were opened and the components of zinc and electrolytic pulp were separated and treated by leaching and precipitation methods to the formation of zinc oxide, zinc hydroxide, zinc chloride and manganese oxide which offer less risk to the environment. By means of thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction it was possible to characterize the synthesized products, identifying the composition and the purity of the compounds, evidencing the components recovery of the collected cells. Results converge with the principles of Critical Environmental Education, in which the participation of society is important to develop an environmental awareness about a local environmental problem that is forgotten in the municipality.
L-TARTARIC ACID: PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY, ECONOMIC GROWTH AND QUALITY CONTROL
Authors: LEIROSE G. D. , GRENIER-LOUS TALOT M-F , OLIVEIRA A. H.
Published: August 2021

Natural substances are the basis of many types of industries and represent a growing market. The study of these products and the development of analytical methods should accompany this growth to ensure quality and provenance to consumers. An example to be discussed is the L(+)-Tartaric acid, an organic compound of molecular formula C4H6O6. This organic acid is widely applied in wine, food and pharmaceutical industry. It is obtained naturally through the fermentation of fruits, especially grape and tamarind. Synthetically, there are two ways of obtaining L(+)-tartaric acid on industrial scale. It can be synthesized by the reaction of maleic anhydride with hydrogen peroxide, which is derived from petroleum by-products. And by biotechnological synthesis, in which cis-epoxy succinic acid, also derived from petroleum, is converted into L(+)-tartaric acid by hydrolase enzyme. The market for tartaric acid is growing and is considered promising. Currently, there is a lack of legislation and specific rules that allow classification of tartaric acid according to its origin. This legal vacuum precludes quality assurance for the consumer. This lack of safety is a matter of great concern as applications of tartaric acid come directly to final consumer.
EVALUATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE DOMESTIC SEWAGE TREATMENT STATION ON THE GRANDE IGARAPÉ IN BOA VISTA/RR
Authors: SATELLES J. L. , BEZERRA DA SILVA H. E. , FARIAS L. R. , PANERO F. S.
Published: August 2021

The water body, object of this study, Grande igarapé, is located in the Municipality of Boa Vista, State of Roraima, in the northern region of Brazil. The present study aims to evaluate the environmental impact caused by the contribution of substances in the igarapé and possibly in the Branco River after receiving the ETE Boa Vista-RR effluent through the determination of physical-chemical and biological parameters (chlorophyll-a). In the accomplishment of this study six points of collections considered strategic to the attainment of the proposed objectives were selected. The parameters were analyzed: color, turbidity, conductivity, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, ammonia, total phosphorus, chloride, BOD5, COD, chlorophyll a. The igarapé suffers the human impact through the withdrawal of the vegetal cover, waterproofing of the ground by the occupation of the surroundings and launches of polluting agents. Through the results it was possible to confirm the impact of the discharge of the effluent on Great stream. Parameters such as phosphorus, ammonia, nitrite and chlorophyll-a have shown that the Grande stream does not have assimilation capacity, especially during periods of drought, of nutrients and contaminating species during the journey to its mouth in the Branco river. The analysis of the data obtained in its environmental amplitude shows the need to plan actions to reverse the environmental damage caused to the Great stream and its biodiversity.
SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF RHENIUM CARBONYL CONTAINING HETEROBIMETALLIC DERIVATIVES OF VANADIUM (III)
Authors: GULIYEVA E. A. , SULEIMANOV G. Z.
Published: August 2021

This paper describes the data on synthesis of bis(cyclopentadienyl)vanadium(III) of pentacarbonyl rhenium bistetrahydrofuranate complex with the reaction between dicyclopentadienylvanadium (III) chloride and rhenium sodiumpentacarbonyl in tetrahydrofurane (THF). Formed in this case the target product was separated from reaction mixture by extracting with hot hexane. Their reactionary ability in relation to protonic and aprotonic acids Lewis had been inverstigated. It is revealed, that at interaction of the above mentioned complexes with HCl there is a splitting Re-V bond with formation (C5H5)2VCl and HRe(CO)5; (C5H5)2VCl and HRe(CO)4PPh3 respectively. At interaction with HgCl2 also occurs having break V-Re bond and it turn out (C5H5)2VCl and (OC)5ReHgCl; (C5H5)2VCl and PPh3(OC)4ReHgCl. The interection of these complexes with ligands of various dentate is investigated. A monodentate liqand-triphenil phosphine (PPh3) substitutes one of carbonyl-groups in Re(CO)5) – fragment. Bidentate ligand- acetylacetone (acac) easily push out from coordination sphere vanadium more donor ligand cyclopentadienyl. The composition and structure of the complexes were characterized by the data of NMR, IR, EPR-spectroscopy and thermal analysis.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC EVALUATION OF THE CONCENTRATIONS OF THE NITRATE ION IN WATER RESOURCES OF PARANAGUÁ AND PONTAL DO PARANÁ
Authors: SILVA A. C. C. , SOUZA G. L. G. , ROCHA J. R. C.
Published: August 2021

Nitrogen is an important chemical element due to biological reactions, including nutrient cycling. This process transforms organic matter into food for plants and other organisms. Some species can absorb the ammonium ion, but this one presents high toxicity. The portion that is most absorbed is nitrate due to its low toxicity, which is generally found in soils, industrial flows and fertilizers. However, the ion presents a danger to human health when present in concentrations higher than 10mg L-1 of N-NO3-, as determined by Resolution 357/2005 of CONAMA in meat, mineral water and aquatic environments. In the present study conducted in rivers of the cities of Paranaguá and Pontal do Paraná, the ion was determined spectrophotometrically at 545nm by the Griess method, with pre-reduction of the nitrate in nitrite, using the metallic zinc as a reducing agent. All the samples evaluated presented values below the limit recommended by CONAMA. These values ranged from 0.03 to 0.69mg L-1 in the low season (September 2016) and 0.00 to 0.07mg L-1 in the high season (March / 2017). The obtained results were compared to others published and that present characteristics similar to the evaluated rivers. It was observed that NO3- concentrations have been increasing continuously, even in small proportions, confirming the occurrence of the eutrophying process.
HYDROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF URBAN SPRING WATERS FROM TIJUCO STREAM, SUB-BASIN OF RIBEIRÃO DO ONÇA, CENTRAL-NORTH REGION OF BELO HORIZONTE
Authors: PELAES A. C. O. , BONFIM S. A. , PALMIERI H. E. L. , AULER L. M. L. A. , SILVA M. J. S. F.
Published: August 2021

This work focuses on drawing up the hydrochemical profile of water samples collected in five springs of the Tijuco stream. The evaluation was based on quantification of the elements Al, As, Ba, Be, B, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Li, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, Sb, U, V, and Zn; the anions F-, Cl-, NO2-, NO3-, SO42-; the cations Na+, NH4+, K+ and the parameters: turbidity, temperature, conductivity, total dissolved solids, oxidation-reduction potential, pH and dissolved oxygen. Alkalinity, hardness, Cr(VI) and dry weight (180 °C) were also quantified. The analyzed parameters were compared with the Maximum Values (VMP) established by the resolutions nº 396/2008 of CONAMA and nº 2.914/2011 of the Ministry of Health. Most of the parameters presented a good agreement with the VMP, however, due to the parameters turbidity, pH, nitrate, and manganese exceed the VMP in some samples, these waters can only be used for human consumption after previous treatment. However, they can be used in animal watering, irrigation and recreation. The waters were classified into three groups: calcium-bicarbonate, sodium-bicarbonate and mixed-bicarbonate.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD TO EVALUATE BIOSAFETY CAPACITY OF BARU (Dipteryx alata) PEELS
Authors: CESARINO E. C. , MULHOLLAND D. S. , FRANCISCO W.
Published: August 2021

This study developed a new analytical method using Molecular Absorption Spectroscopy (MAS) to track the ion cover in adsorption solution per peel (mesocarp) of Baru (Dipteryx alata). The adsorption study was conducted at different pH and contact time (kinetic), encountering 4.0 as the best pH for adsorption experimental conditions. The variation of contact time showed a pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic behavior. The interpretation of the isotherms allowed to approach the Langmuir model with R² of 0.918 and to determine the maximum adsorption capacity (qmáx) as 11.481 mg.g⁻¹. The characterization of biomass by MAS in the Infrared (FT-IR) identified the possible functional groups belonging to protein, fatty acids and lipids, while thermal analysis (TG-DSC) showed a greater removal of inorganic matter by the biomass washed with water. The method underwent analytical validation, being classified as specific, sensitive, linear, robust, precise and accurate, with LD (limit of detection) and LQ (limit of quantification) equal to 3.873 and 12.912 mg.L⁻¹, respectively. The results obtained demonstrated the potential use of mesocarp Baru as a natural adsorbent for copper ions in solution, opening power for future expansion and improvement of the method.
Alternaria spp. IN FOODS: MYCOTOXINS, CELLULAR DAMAGE AND POSSIBLE HEALTH RISK
Authors: ANDRADE JUNIOR F. P. de , ALVES T. W. B. , LIRA M. H. P. de , MENEZES M. E. da S. , LIMA I. O.
Published: August 2021

The genus Alternaria is composed of filamentous, dematiaceous, saprophytic and pathogenic fungal species, being responsible for great economic losses during the harvest and food storage. The present study aimed to do a bibliographical survey about the main foods contaminated by Alternaria spp. as well as discuss possible health risks arising from cell damage caused by mycotoxins. It is a literature narrative type review, carried out using Medline/Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo and Science Direct databases, utilizing documents published between years 2000 and 2017 approaching food contamination by Alternaria spp. A wide diversity of foods contaminated by species of the genus Alternaria was found in literature, with a greater emphasis on cereals, fruits and vegetables. This possible contamination may favor the development of mycotoxins that in their great majority present genotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, cytotoxic and teratogenic action. However, due to a large variety of contaminated foods, that is a necessity to adapt Brazilian legislation regarding parameters that impose limits on the amount of mycotoxins produced by Alternaria spp. since the national legislation does not encompass limits for all types of toxins that this genus is capable of producing.
PRESERVATIVES FOR RAPID GROWTH TIMBER - A REVIEW
Authors: DIAS K. B. , BARREIROS R. M.
Published: August 2021

The shortage of species that are resistant to biological deterioration has forced man to use less durable, mainly fast-growing, reforestations, such as some species of Eucalyptus and Pinus. These species have moderate or no resistance to the attack of biological agents and require condoms. The decomposition of wood and other cellulosic materials by fungi causes significant economic loss. Until recently, the most widely used wood preservative was chromium copper arsenate (CCA). However, the use of CCA in the treatment of wood has been banned for more than a decade because of issues raised regarding the environmental impact and safety of arsenic and chromium. As CCA replacements, arsenic-free and chrome-free wood preservatives are sought. Thus, the aim of research has been to develop environmentally correct and effective products against the attack of biodeteriorating agents. This article reviews the alternatives you have searched for. The search for alternatives to current condoms has been efficient, but not effective, that is, a viable alternative to existing products has not yet been found. Based on several studies, the demand for a preservative for wood can be divided into extractives of plants and by-products of processes.
MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY EVALUATION OF BRINELL HARDNESS TEST: GUM AND MONTE CARLO METHOD
Authors: TREVISAN L. , FABRICIO D. A. K.
Published: August 2021

The Brinell hardness test is one of the most used mechanical tests in the industry to assure the quality of metallurgical processes. Based on the measured values, it is necessary to describe the measurement uncertainty values associated with the mathematical method used. Thus, measurement uncertainty values describe the reliability of the experimental results. The calculation of measurement uncertainty can be performed in several ways, and the method described by ISO/GUM is the most used by ISO/IEC 17025 accredited laboratories. The main objective of this work is to compare measurement uncertainty values based on different sources of uncertainty used in the measurement uncertainty evaluation for two Brazilian laboratories accredited by Cgcre/INMETRO. In addition, uncertainty values obtained by the GUM method and by the Monte Carlo method were compared. The results show that there is no great variation in the measurement uncertainty values as a function of the mathematical method used.
NEW TETRA (1,4-DITHIN)PORPHYRAZINES AND THEIR APPLICATION AS PHOTOCATALYSTS FOR PURIFYING ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS: AN APPROACH TO GREEN CHEMISTRY
Authors: ABDEL-RAZIK H. H. , ALMAHY H. A. , EL-BADRY Y. A.
Published: August 2021

2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dimethylbenzoquinone reacted with di(sodiothio)maleonitrileto produce heterocyclic thianone, 6,7-dimethyl-5,8-dioxo-5,8-dihydro-1,4-benzodithin-2,3-dicarbonitrile which was cyclo-tetramerizedin the presence of lithium/pentanol and acetic acid producing tetra 6,7-dimethyl-5,8-dioxo-5,8-dihydro-1,4benzodithin-porphyrazine (2H-Pz). Likewise, the dicarbonitrile compound was cyclo-tetramerized in the presence of metal salt and quinoline affording tetra 6,7-dimethyl-5,8-dioxo-5,8-dihydro-1,4-benzodithinporphyrazinato-metal II (M-Pz), M is Co, Ni or Zn. Photoactivity of the synthesized porphyrazines was reached out to the visible light range. The prepared porphyrazines showed efficient sensitized catalysts by using of solar energy for the completely photocatalytic oxidation of thiophenol and benzyl thiol to their disulfides (with an average yield of 93% and 90%, respectively) in the presence of air atmosphere within 20 minutes.
IDEAS OF STUDENTS ON THE ATOMISTIC NATURE OF MATTER
Authors: CAMPOS A. F. , LUCENA M. D. P.
Published: August 2021

The alternative concepts movement that emerged in the 1970s continues to be highly relevant in the teaching of sciences, particularly chemistry, given that it can be the starting point for teachers to revisit their pedagogic practices. In this respect, the alternative concepts movement currently discusses the tendencies of chemistry teaching research, such as problem-solving, experimental chemistry teaching, the scientific, technological and societal approach, among others. As such, the present study aimed to analyze the alternative ideas of high school students regarding the atomistic nature of matter and whether they reflect the results obtained in other research on the issue. The methodology involved preparing two open questions and their subsequent application to 20 second-year high school students at a private institution. Categories were established a priori as follows: satisfactory, partially satisfactory, not satisfactory or evasive answers. The findings were satisfactory, with most of the students presenting scientifically accepted ideas. Moreover, they did not exhibit the same pattern as in other investigations involving students from different teaching levels.
MONITORING OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OF SURFACE WATERS IN THE PINHEIROS RIVER, RMSP, BRAZIL
Authors: MOURA R. R. de , SILVA I. S. da , SANTOS J. C. C. dos , MENEZES M. A. B. C. , FERREIRA C. A.
Published: August 2021

The chemical, physical and biological contaminants that are described in many impact studies in aquatic environments show that these can come from a variety of sources, but mainly from urban anthropogenic activities. These contaminants can accumulate in the matrices that compound the environments, such as surface waters. The environmental monitoring of these waters is important since the National Policy of Water Resources has the need to ensure that they are passed on with quality, in their multiple uses, to future generations. The city of São Paulo, located in southeastern Brazil, is part of the main hydrographic basin of the State - Alto Tietê Hydrographic Basin. Among the main rivers that make up this basin is the Pinheiros River, which according to 357/05 CONAMA Resolution is classified, according to the Water Quality Index, as a Class-4 river – less demanding uses to the population. The data of this study were obtained by performing of 2 superficial water sampling campaigns in distinct seasonal periods. Some of the main physicochemical parameters were evaluated whose results reflect the river hydrodynamic behavior and are evidenced by the poor quality of its waters.
ECOTOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION THROUGH ALLIUM CEPA OF FOOD INDUSTRY EFFLUENT TREATED BY PROCESS USING MEMBRANES
Authors: KERBER L. , MARIOTTI P. , VOGNACH L. , TASSINARY J. A. , STULP S.
Published: August 2021

Due to population growth, there is an increase in the tendency of water resource degradation. One of the biggest polluters is the practice of dumping industrial and domestic effluents without any treatment on the watercourse. The utilization of effluents is an alternative to minimize the inadequate waste dump, thus avoiding the overload on the treatment system as well as cutting down costs and expenses. This work’s objective is to evaluate the application of reverse osmosis in a food industrial effluent, in physicochemical and toxicological terms. A reverse osmosis technical application was conducted and then the effluent was examined, before and afterward, in terms of pH, Turbidity, Colouring, Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen, Total Organic Carbon, and Total Nitrogen as well as a toxicological evaluation (Allium cepa). According to the obtained result, it can be identified that the technique of reverse osmosis showed treatment efficiency when applied to the effluent containing coloring and soy isoflavones, with regards to the physicals and chemical evaluation. In terms of toxicological evaluation, with respect to the radicular development, the treated effluent (permeate) showed a radicular growth, once the raw effluent did not develop any root.
STUDY ON METHODS OF DETERMINATION OF AN ECOLOGICAL FLOW FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES OF THE RIVER BASIN ON MARACAÇUMÉ RIVER
Authors: ROSA JUNIOR L. S. , ALMEIDA H. S. , BRASIL S. C. S. A. , DE MORAIS A. B. P. , SARAIVA J. B. , CORDEIRO S. B. , ASSUNCAO F. P. C , PEREIRA L. M.
Published: August 2021

The elaboration of a study on methods for the determination of ecological flow for the management of the water resources of the Maracaçumé River Basin is very important for the proposed use and conservation of these resources insofar as the uses of water, especially the advisory uses, have changed the flow regimes and the existing water availability. In this context, this work aims to discuss about the applicability of hydrological methods that help in the correct and sustainable management of the water resources. In this way, were applied theQ7,10 Method; the 90% and 95% Method, beyond the Tennant Method with ecological flow corresponding to 30% of the average annual flow. The main results obtained were the characterization of the Maracaçumé River Basin and the flow values obtained in each method (0.541 m3/s, 1,075 m3/s, 0,459 m3/s and 19,50 m3/s for the Q7,10; Q90%; Q95% and Tennant (30%) methods, respectively). The work indicates that for the management of water resources in the Maracaçumé river basin, the ecological flow obtained through the Q90 methodology should continue to be adopted, evaluating the possibility of adapting the maximum percentage of use.
INFLUENCE OF TRAINING OF COGNITIVE - PRACTICAL ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS ON EFFICIENCY OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING IN THE PROCESS OF EDUCATIONAL FIELD PRACTICE ON BIOLOGY
Authors: SHINYSHEROVA G. B. B. K. , YESSIMOV A. , TULEUBAYEV Z. , SEITBAYEV K. Z. , SAGYNDUKOVA S. Z. , DYUSSEKENOVA A. B.
Published: August 2021

The professional training of students is very important for education. Questions of the influence of cognitive-practical activity of students on a direction: efficiency of vocational training in the course of educational field practice is considered in the article. The authors applied a functional approach to the study of students’ activities during the field practice, which allowed determining the nature and direction of the work performed. Based on the level classification of the direction of activity, the authors identified four levels of educational work in the preparation and conduct of field practice (cognitive and practical activities); educational (low); educational and production (below average); scientific (average); scientific and production – a high level of students’ activity. As the motives determining cognitive-practical activities in the period of field practice, the authors identified 15 types of activities, which ware organized into 4 groups, determining 4 motivation levels. It was established that the direction of motivation for improvement is expressed in students of the scientific and production area, less pronounced among students who have chosen the academic direction.
METHODOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ARRANGEMENT OF INDEPENDENT WORK ON NEURO-LINGUISTIC PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES FOR MATHEMATICAL DISCIPLINES AT THE UNIVERSITY
Authors: SEITOVA S. , SMAGULOV Y. , KHAIMULDANOV Y. , ADILBAEVA A. , TULYMSHAKOVA G. , ABDYKARIMOVA A.
Published: August 2021

Possibilities of Neuro-linguistic Programming (NLP) techniques are extensive. The techniques of neurolinguistic programming have the opportunity to help a person to modify his thinking and behavior so as to learn how to achieve the necessary goals. Separating the data from the most effective and objective elements, NLP technology is based on these models, which can be transmitted to other people and can be used in the arrangement of independent work on mathematical disciplines at the university. So, if a person has a very effective strategy for retaining information, then a developed model on its base will allow the other person to learn how to do it efficiently, too. Today, NLP is at the peak of popularity. Practically every expert in the field of human psychology is familiar with this new direction and is actively applying its methodology.
MODIFICATION OF EXPANDED PERLITE WITH ORTHOPHENANTHROLINE FOR FORMATION OF ACTIVE SITES FOR ACID DYES: PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: ALMEIDA J. M. F. , SILVA I. N. , DAMASCENO JUNIOR E. , FERNANDES N. S.
Published: August 2021

The expanded perlite (aluminosilicate naturally acid) has been modified with orthophenanthroline (Lewis base). The material was characterized by TG/DTA, XRD and IR. The thermogravimetric curve of the modified expanded perlite presented a lower thermal stability due to the orthophenanthroline and showed 13,6% of mass loss total. However, pure expanded perlite presented only 2,3% of the mass loss. The DTA curve showed endothermic event characteristic of the presence of orthophenanthroline. For XRD analysis is visualized, the presence of reflections in the diffractogram relating to the modified material of orthophenanthroline peaks of crystallinity since no modification perlite is an amorphous material. The band regarding absorption vibration of Si-O group appears at lower wavenumbers than in the unmodified material. So there was an interaction between the OH groups of silanols of perlite groups with unshared electron pairs of nitrogen atoms and C=C bonds (also rich in electrons) in the chemical structure of orthophenanthroline as a result of a hydrogen bond between these groups. thus perlite was modified through the interaction of its acid sites (Si-OH) with Lewis basic sites of orthophenanthroline.
PROPOSAL FOR SIZING A WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR ALGODOAL DISTRICT IN ABAETETUBA CITY - PARÁ
Authors: DIAS É. C. , SILVA G. P. C. da , ALMEIDA I. R. de , FERNANDES L. L.
Published: August 2021

Water is a natural resource indispensable to the life of every human being. However, supply issues may cause lack of water in some localities. Thus, the objective of this paper was to carry out a new proposal for the sizing of the water supply system for the district of Algodoal, in the municipality of Abaetetuba - PA, focused to the distribution network aiming to expand it and improve the quality and quantity of water that reaches the residences. Therefore, it is expected to adequately supply the demand for quality drinking water in the case study. The Hardy-Cross network sizing method was used. At the end of the paper, it was verified that the flows resulting from the iterations in the Hardy-Cross are satisfactory and guarantee the adequate water supply for the population of the district of Algodoal.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF THE CROTON TETRADENIUS (EUPHORBIACEAE) AERIAL PART AND BIOACTIVITY ON AEDES AEGYPTI (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN RELATION TO DIFFERENT COLLECTION PERIODS
Authors: ANJOS Q. Q. A. , SILVA S. L. C. , SILVA D. C. , GUALBERTO S. A. , SANTOS F. R. , CARVALHO M. G. , SOUSA D. L.
Published: August 2021

Research has demonstrated the presence of a variety of chemical substances in the essential oils of species belonging to the Croton genus and its potential insecticide. The objective of this research was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of the essential oil obtained from the aerial part of Croton tetradenius on Aedes aegypti, as well as its yield and chemical composition, in relation to different periods of collection of the botanical material. Eight essential oil concentrations were evaluated, using 4 replicates per treatment, using 30 larvae per replicate, totaling 120 larvae per treatment. The chemical composition analysis was carried out using Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry. The yield of the essential oil in the extraction carried out in February was lower. The most toxic essential oil for A. aegypti larvae was extracted in August. The analysis of the chemical composition revealed the presence of 60, 48 and 62 compounds in the essential oils for the months of February, May and August, respectively. The essential oil obtained from the aerial part of C. tetradenius has shown to be promising for use in A. aegypti integrated control programs, however, in order to maximize this toxic effect, the collection period should be taken into account.