bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle-related behaviours: eating habits, activity and sleep behaviour
Authors: Chopra Sakshi , Ranjan Piyush , Malhotra Anita , Sahu Anamika , Dwivedi SN , Baitha Upendra , Goel Aastha , Kumar Arvind
Published: November 2020

Objective:

This study was conducted to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle-related behaviour related to eating, activity and sleep pattern.

Design:

Indexed study used a mixed method design. Phase I employed qualitative methods for development of questionnaire including literature review, focus group discussion, expert evaluation and pre-testing. Phase II used quantitative methods for establishing construct validity of the questionnaire via parallel factor analysis.

Participants:

Phase 1 involved participation of experts from different fields (Departments of Medicine, Nutrition and Clinical Psychology) and general adult population. For phase II, data were collected from 124 adult respondents (female = 57·26 %); mean age (36 ± 14·8 years) residing in an urban setting.

Results:

The questionnaire consisted of three sections: (A) socio-demographic and anthropometric parameters, (B) twenty-four items each for investigating the changes in eating, activity and sleep behaviour before v. during COVID-19, (C) six items assessing COVID-19 specific reasons for lifestyle change. The Cronbach’s α value of the questionnaire is 0·83 suggesting its good internal consistency.

Conclusions:

This appears to be a valid tool to assess the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle-related behaviours with potential utility for public health researchers to identify these changes at community level and develop strategies to reinforce corrective behaviours.
SchumanncontraWagner: Beethoven, the F.A.E. Sonata and ‘Artwork of the Future’
Authors: Reynolds Christopher
Published: November 2020

For Karol Berger

This article begins with an analysis of the ‘F.A.E. Sonata’ (fall 1853), a work for violin and piano composed jointly by Robert Schumann (movements 2 and 4), Albert Dietrich (first movement), and Johannes Brahms, for their returning friend, the violinist Joseph Joachim. The title of the work derives from the musical motto that Joachim had chosen as his own, representing the words ‘Frei aber einsam’ (free but alone). The analysis identifies the unifying elements of the movements; allusions play a role, especially regarding Beethoven.

The study then proposes that Wagner's 1850 essay ‘The Artwork of the Future’ inspired this collegial effort as a rebuttal to several ideas, suggesting that Joachim took his personal motto as a contradiction of Wagner's statement: ‘The solitary individual is unfree’ (Der Einsame ist unfrei). One of the more intriguing sections for Schumann and his followers was likely the chapter entitled ‘The Artist of the Future’. There he asserts that individuality will never be as consequential as a collective effort, proclaiming that ‘the free artistic community is therefore the basic prerequisite for the artwork itself’. Schumann challenged his devoted disciples to take Wagner at his word and compose something as a collective. The stakes of the dispute between Schumann and Wagner were high: a path into the future that best continued the line connecting both of them to Beethoven. This sonata was composed at the same time as Schumann's article, ‘New Paths’ (Neue Bahnen), which also constitutes a response to Wagner'sThe Artwork of the Future.
High Sensitivity of Lake Hypoxia to Air Temperatures, Winds, and Nutrient Loading: Insights From a 3‐D Lake Model
Authors: Bocaniov Serghei A. , Lamb Kevin G. , Liu Wentao , Rao Yerubandi R. , Smith Ralph E. H.
Published: November 2020

A three‐dimensional hydrodynamic‐ecological model is applied to Lake Erie to predict the response of dissolved oxygen (DO) to independent changes in air temperature, wind speeds and total phosphorus (TP) loading. Warmer temperatures and lower wind speeds increased the size and duration of hypoxic and anoxic regions by lengthening the stratified period. Decreased wind speed increased hypolimnion thickness while decreasing its temperature and DO consumption rate. Decreased TP loading improved DO conditions with a reduction of 75% effectively abolishing hypoxia. Anoxia was more sensitive to air temperature, wind, and nutrient changes than was hypoxia. New metrics that capture the spatial and temporal dimensions of low DO conditions were more sensitive than the commonly cited maximum areas of hypoxia or anoxia. Over most of the relevant range of forcing factors, the simple and first‐order effect of a 1°C temperature change was equivalent to a 10–14% change in TP loads, while a 1% change in wind speed was equivalent to a 2–3% change in TP loads. Reduced ice cover in warmer climates will likely increase air temperature effects even further.
Abiotic Mechanisms Drive Enhanced Evaporative Losses under Urban Oasis Conditions
Authors: Vivoni Enrique R. , Kindler Mercedes , Wang Zhaocheng , Pérez‐Ruiz Eli R.
Published: November 2020

The oasis effect refers to the impact of advected energy on the surface energy balance leading to enhanced evapotranspiration. In this study, we utilize a 1‐yr record of water, energy, and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes to study the occurrence and signature of the oasis effect in an irrigated turf grass of an arid urban region. Days with the oasis effect are selected using readily available air temperature and relative humidity and include excessive heat warnings. During oasis days, higher evaporative cooling is demonstrated throughout the day, especially for late afternoons when it can exceed net radiation. Evaporative enhancements are linked to abiotic mechanisms, such as soil and irrigation water evaporation, since plant productivity is unaltered. Nighttime evaporative losses and CO2 releases are also enhanced during oasis days. Our findings show how the oasis effect impacts the water, carbon, and thermal conditions of urban parks.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Brown Carbon in the United States: Implications for Direct Radiative Effects
Authors: June Nicole A. , Wang Xuan , Chen L.‐W. Antony , Chow Judith C. , Watson John G. , Wang Xiaoliang , Henderson Barron H. , Zheng Yiqi , Mao Jingqiu
Published: November 2020

A newly developed data set from the Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) observation network, combined with a 3‐D chemical transport model, is used to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of brown carbon (BrC) in the United States. The model with BrC emitted from biomass burning and biofuel emissions agrees with the seasonal and spatial variability of BrC planetary boundary layer (PBL) absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD) observations within a factor of 2. The model without whitening, the tendency for absorption to decrease with aerosol aging, overestimates the observed BrC PBL AAOD and does not reflect the measured BrC PBL AAOD spatial variability. The model shows higher absorption direct radiative effects (DRE) from BrC at northern high latitudes than at midlatitudes in spring and summer, due to boreal fire emissions, long whitening lifetimes, and high surface albedos. These findings highlight the need to study BrC over the Arctic region.
Sinking CO2 in Supercritical Reservoirs
Authors: Parisio Francesco , Vilarrasa Victor
Published: November 2020

Geologic carbon storage is required for achieving negative CO2 emissions to deal with the climate crisis. The classical concept of CO2 storage consists in injecting CO2 in geological formations at depths greater than 800 m, where CO2 becomes a dense fluid, minimizing storage volume. Yet CO2 has a density lower than the resident brine and tends to float, challenging the widespread deployment of geologic carbon storage. Here, we propose for the first time to store CO2 in supercritical reservoirs to reduce the buoyancy‐driven leakage risk. Supercritical reservoirs are found at drilling‐reachable depth in volcanic areas, where high pressure (p > 21.8 MPa) and temperature (T > 374°C) imply CO2 is denser than water. We estimate that a CO2 storage capacity in the range of 50–500 Mt yr−1 could be achieved for every 100 injection wells. Carbon storage in supercritical reservoirs is an appealing alternative to the traditional approach.
Energy Balance and Time Dependence of a Magnetotail Electron Diffusion Region
Authors: Payne D. S. , Genestreti K. J. , Germaschewski K. , Argall M. R. , Torbert R. B. , Dors I. , Ardakani A.
Published: November 2020

We examine the 11 July 2017 electron diffusion region (EDR)observed by the MagnetosphericMultiscale (MMS) mission using Poynting's theorem. The terms in Poynting's theorem are determined using a linear gradient approximation to obtain barycentric averages within the MMS tetrahedron. We find that Poynting's theorem is approximately balanced in the EDR and the balance is improved if the calculation of
is restricted to the LN plane. The work rate per unit volume
is mostly balanced by the divergence of the electromagnetic energy flux
, indicating that the electromagnetic energy density remains relatively constant within the EDR during the encounter. We also use particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulations to examine Poynting's theorem near an x line evolving in time. The central EDR in the simulation is characterized by approximate time independent balance in Poynting's theorem during reconnection growth, while the outer EDR exhibits time‐dependent fluctuations indicative of more chaotic behavior.
A 4.5 Year‐Long Record of Svalbard Water Vapor Isotopic Composition Documents Winter Air Mass Origin
Authors: Leroy‐Dos Santos C. , Masson‐Delmotte V. , Casado M. , Fourré E. , Steen‐Larsen H. C. , Maturilli M. , Orsi A. , Berchet A. , Cattani O. , Minster B. , Gherardi J. , Landais A.
Published: November 2020

From May 2014 to September 2018, a laser spectrometer analyzer provided a 4.5 years continuous record of water vapor isotopic composition at Ny‐Ålesund (8 m above sea level, a.s.l.), Svalbard. It corresponds to the longest data set published in polar regions. A comparison of this data set with a parallel similar data set obtained during 20 days by a second laser spectrometer installed near Mount Zeppelin (474 m a.s.l.) shows that this data set is representative of a regional signal. In addition, the observation of insignificant diurnal cycles in the isotopic signal compared to the strong isotopic signature of synoptic events and the comparison of simultaneous measurements in the vapor and in rain or snow samples lead to the conclusion that our record reflects a large part of the regional dynamics of the atmospheric water cycle driven by large‐scale variability. This study focuses on winters dominated by the occurrence of synoptic events associated with humidity peaks. Using statistics and back trajectories calculations, we link high humidity peaks characterized by an anticorrelation between δ18O and d‐excess in the water vapor to a rapid shift of air mass source regions from the Arctic to the North Atlantic Ocean below 60°N. On the other hand, correlation between δ18O and d‐excess may be associated with a shift of air mass sources within the Arctic. These results demonstrate the added value of long‐term water vapor isotopic monitoring to better understand the moisture origin in the Arctic and the atmospheric dynamics.
Tectonics of Enceladus’ South Pole: Block Rotation of the Tiger Stripes
Authors: Rossi Costanza , Cianfarra Paola , Salvini Francesco , Bourgeois Olivier , Tobie Gabriel
Published: November 2020

The South Polar Terrain (SPT) of Enceladus is a site with eruptions of gas and water ice particle plumes, which indicate internal geodynamic activity. These eruptions are located along a series of tectonic structures, that is, the Tiger Stripe Fractures (TSF), which are composed of regularly spaced, linear depressions. The SPT is surrounded by sinuous chains of ridges and troughs (the Marginal Zone). To unravel the tectonics that affect the region and its evolution, we performed specific structural mapping and quantitative analyses of brittle features from remotely sensed images. The results are consistent with a block rotation model, in which several tectonic regimes coexist. The TSF are left‐lateral strike‐slip faults that bound rigid elongated blocks. The blocks rotate clockwise and are enclosed in a regional scale right‐lateral kinematic framework expressed in the Marginal Zone. These two opposite and complementary kinematic regimes induce transtensional and transpressional regimes within the SPT. An evolutionary tectonic model is proposed for the past and future evolution of the SPT. This model confirms the role of tectonic‐related kinematics in icy satellites and contributes to preparations for future missions.
A new global dataset of bioclimatic indicators
Authors: Noce Sergio , Caporaso Luca , Santini Monia
Published: November 2020

This study presents a new global gridded dataset of bioclimatic indicators at 0.5° by 0.5° resolution for historical and future conditions. The dataset, called CMCC-BioClimInd, provides a set of 35 bioclimatic indices, expressed as mean values over each time interval, derived from post-processing both climate reanalysis for historical period (1960–1999) and an ensemble of 11 bias corrected CMIP5 simulations under two greenhouse gas concentration scenarios for future climate projections along two periods (2040–2079 and 2060–2099). This new dataset complements the availability of spatialized bioclimatic information, crucial aspect in many ecological and environmental wide scale applications and for several disciplines, including forestry, biodiversity conservation, plant and landscape ecology. The data of individual indicators are publicly available for download in the commonly used Network Common Data Form 4 (NetCDF4) format.
CovidCounties is an interactive real time tracker of the COVID19 pandemic at the level of US counties
Authors: Arneson Douglas , Elliott Matthew , Mosenia Arman , Oskotsky Boris , Solodar Samuel , Vashisht Rohit , Zack Travis , Bleicher Paul , Butte Atul J. , Rudrapatna Vivek A.
Published: November 2020

Management of the COVID-19 pandemic has proven to be a significant challenge to policy makers. This is in large part due to uneven reporting and the absence of open-access visualization tools to present local trends and infer healthcare needs. Here we report the development of CovidCounties.org, an interactive web application that depicts daily disease trends at the level of US counties using time series plots and maps. This application is accompanied by a manually curated dataset that catalogs all major public policy actions made at the state-level, as well as technical validation of the primary data. Finally, the underlying code for the site is also provided as open source, enabling others to validate and learn from this work.
High resolution spatiotemporal patterns of seawater temperatures across the Belize Mesoamerican Barrier Reef
Authors: Helmuth Brian , Leichter James J. , Rotjan Randi D. , Castillo Karl D. , Fieseler Clare , Jones Scott , Choi Francis
Published: November 2020

Coral reefs are under increasingly severe threat from climate change and other anthropogenic stressors. Anomalously high seawater temperatures in particular are known to cause coral bleaching (loss of algal symbionts in the family Symbiodiniaceae), which frequently leads to coral mortality. Remote sensing of sea surface temperature (SST) has served as an invaluable tool for monitoring physical conditions that can lead to bleaching events over relatively large scales (e.g. few kms to 100 s of kms). But, it is also well known that seawater temperatures within a site can vary significantly across depths due to the combined influence of solar heating of surface waters, water column thermal stratification, and cooling from internal waves and upwelling. We deployed small autonomous benthic temperature sensors at depths ranging from 0–40 m in fore reef, back reef, and lagoonal reef habitats on the Belize Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System from 2000–2019. These data can be used to calculate depth-specific climatologies across reef depths and sites, and emphasize the dynamic and spatially-variable nature of coral reef physical environments.
Chemotherapy-induced changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid CD4 + and CD8 + cells of the opposite lung to the cancer
Authors: Karpathiou Georgia , Mihailidis Vasilios , Nakou Evangelia , Anevlavis Stavros , Tzouvelekis Argyrios , Kouliatsis George , Ntolios Paschalis , Bouros Demosthenes , Kotsianidis Ioannis , Froudarakis Marios E.
Published: November 2020

Published articles support the effect of chemotherapy in the immune environment of tumors, including lung carcinomas. The role of CD4 + T-cells is crucial for expansion and accumulation of other antigen-specific immune cells, and the participation of CD8 + cells in tumor killing activity has been confirmed by many studies. However, little is known about the effect of chemotherapy on the healthy lung parenchyma from lung cancer patients, and whether there are differences between the different chemotherapy compounds used to treat this patient population. The aim of our study was to explore the effect of chemotherapy on CD4 + and CD8 + cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of the healthy lung in patients treated with standard chemotherapy regimens. Fifteen patients underwent BAL, in the healthy lung before and after six chemotherapy courses. Platinum-based regimens included vinolerbine (VN) in 6 patients, gemcitabine (GEM) in 4 patients and etoposide (EP) in 5 patients. All patients but one were males and smokers (93%). The median age of patients was 56 years (42–75). No significant difference was noted in the patients’ age between the three treated groups. Furthermore, between the three groups, no significant changes in the means of CD4 + and CD8 + cells were noted. However, when we compared the mean CD4 + cells before and after chemotherapy within each group, changes were noted when comparing VN before versus after (p = 0.05), GEM before versus after (p = 0.03), and EP before versus after (p = 0.036). In our pilot study, changes were noted in BALF CD4 + cells for the three most applied regimens at the normal lung parenchyma.
Risk attitudes and human mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chan Ho Fai , Skali Ahmed , Savage David A. , Stadelmann David , Torgler Benno
Published: November 2020

Behavioural responses to pandemics are less shaped by actual mortality or hospitalisation risks than they are by risk attitudes. We explore human mobility patterns as a measure of behavioural responses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results indicate that risk-taking attitudes are a critical factor in predicting reductions in human mobility and social confinement around the globe. We find that the sharp decline in mobility after the WHO (World Health Organization) declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic can be attributed to risk attitudes. Our results suggest that regions with risk-averse attitudes are more likely to adjust their behavioural activity in response to the declaration of a pandemic even before official government lockdowns. Further understanding of the basis of responses to epidemics, e.g., precautionary behaviour, will help improve the containment of the spread of the virus.
Comparing effects of intraoperative fluid and vasopressor infusion on intestinal microcirculation
Authors: Fan Chia-Ning , Yang Szu-Jen , Shih Po-Yuan , Wang Ming-Jiuh , Fan Shou-Zen , Tsai Jui-Chang , Sun Wei-Zen , Liu Chih‑Min , Yeh Yu-Chang
Published: November 2020

Several studies have revealed that vasopressor may be more appropriate for treating intraoperative hypotension and preventing hypervolemia. This study compared the effects of vasopressor infusion and fluid supplementation on intestinal microcirculation during treating intraoperative hypotension. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: Light Anesthesia group (LA, 0.8–1% isoflurane); Deep Anesthesia group (DA, 1.5–1.8% isoflurane); Fluid DA group (1.5–1.8% isoflurane and fluid supplementation); and Norepinephrine DA group (1.5–1.8% isoflurane and norepinephrine infusion). At 240 min, perfused small vessel density (PSVD) of the mucosa did not differ significantly between the Fluid DA and Norepinephrine DA groups [26.2 (3.2) vs 28.9 (2.5) mm/mm2, P = 0.077], and tissue oxygen saturation of the mucosa was lower in the Fluid DA groups than in the Norepinephrine DA groups [ 48 (7) vs 57 (6) %, P = 0.02]. At 240 min, TSVD and PSVD of the seromuscular layer were higher in the Norepinephrine DA group than in the Fluid DA group. Fluid administration was higher in the Fluid DA group than in the Norepinephrine DA group [66 (25) vs. 9 (5) μL/g, P = 0.001]. Our results showed that norepinephrine can resuscitate intraoperative hypotension related microcirculatory alteration and avoid fluid overload.
A radiological study of bone remodeling with two different types of porous β-tricalcium phosphate in humans
Authors: Kikuchi Naoya , Yoshioka Tomokazu , Arai Norihito , Hyodo Kojiro , Kanamori Akihiro , Yamazaki Masashi
Published: November 2020

In this study we compared the bone remodeling of unidirectional (UDPTCP) and spherical porous β-tricalcium phosphate (SPTCP) radiologically in humans. We performed a retrospective analysis of the data of 14 patients (sex, nine men and five women; age, 37–70 years) who underwent medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) and were followed up for 12 months after surgery. Two wedge-shaped β-TCPs (one UDPTCP and one SPTCP) were cut and placed parallel to each other in the gap. In Group A (eight knees), UDPTCP was implanted anteriorly and SPTCP posteriorly, while in Group B (six knees), SPTCP was implanted anteriorly and UDPTCP posteriorly. Computed tomography (CT) was performed at 1 week, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery, with the CT attenuation values calculated for UDPTCP and SPTCP. In Groups A and B, the CT attenuation values for UDPTCP were significantly lower at 6 and 12 months after surgery compared to those at 1 week (P < 0.05); nevertheless, no statistical difference in the comparison with SPTCP was observed. After a short-term follow-up of 12 months following MOWHTO, UDPTCP provided earlier bone remodeling than SPTCP. This outcome was achieved regardless of the position, anterior or posterior, in the MOWHTO gap.
Co-delivery of resolvin D1 and antibiotics with nanovesicles to lungs resolves inflammation and clears bacteria in mice
Authors: Gao Jin , Wang Sihan , Dong Xinyue , Leanse Leon G. , Dai Tianhong , Wang Zhenjia
Published: November 2020

Resolution is an active process that protects the host damage from inflammation responses induced by infections. Simultaneously resolving inflammation and eliminating pathogens may be effective to treat infectious diseases, but it is required to deliver therapeutics to infectious sites. Here, we proposed a strategy to incorporate RvD1 and an antibiotic (ceftazidime) in human neutrophil-membrane derived nanovesicles that can specifically target inflamed vasculature for treatment of lung infection caused by P. aeruginosa. Using the nitrogen cavitation method, we generated liposome-like nanovesicles from human neutrophil membrane. The results showed that nanovesicles loaded with RvD1 decreased cytokine levels and neutrophil lung infiltration, thus shortening the resolution intervals of lung inflammation. When RvD1 and ceftazidime were co-loaded in nanovesicles, they alleviated both inflammation and bacterial growth in the mouse lung. The studies reveal a new strategy to treat infectious diseases by designing nanoparticles to simultanesouly target host inflammatory pathways and pathogens.
Mechanical rigidity of a shape-memory metal–organic framework increases by crystal downsizing
Authors: Tiba Al A. , Conway Matthew T. , Hill Collin S. , Swenson Dale C. , MacGillivray Leonard R. , Tivanski Alexei V.
Published: November 2020

The elastic modulus of a flexible metal–organic framework increases at the nanoscale as measured using AFM nanoindentation and accounts for a known shape-memory effect.
A cyclodextrin surfactant for stable emulsions with an accessible cavity for host–guest complexation
Authors: Schlüter Friederike , Bela Marlena M. , Glikman Dana , Braunschweig Björn , Ravoo Bart Jan
Published: November 2020

Oil-in-water-emulsions stabilized by an anionic β-cyclodextrin surfactant show long term stability and accessibility of the cavity for host–guest-complexation.
Effect of N-salicylidene hydrazide protonation on the solid state structural diversity of its Cu(ii), Ni(ii) and Zn(ii) complexes
Authors: Lago Ana Belén , Pino-Cuevas Arantxa , Carballo Rosa , Vázquez-López Ezequiel M.
Published: November 2020

Study of the effect of ligand protonation on the structural diversity of Cu(ii), Ni(ii) and Zn(ii) compounds constructed from a N-salicylidenehydrazide Ligand.
Pressure-induced phase separation of miscible liquids: 1 : 1 n-pentane/iso-pentane
Authors: Liu X. , Pulham C. R.
Published: November 2020

We report the unexpected pressure-induced and time-dependent nucleation and crystallisation of n-pentane from a 1 : 1 mixture of n-pentane and iso-pentane.
Temperature-dependent behaviours of electro-elastic constants for the Bi2ZnB2O7 piezoelectric crystal
Authors: Chen Feifei , Jiang Chao , Yu Fapeng , Cheng Xiufeng , Zhao Xian
Published: November 2020

The BZBO crystals were found to present good temperature stability of elastic compliances.
Dissociative detachment of the fluoroformate anion
Authors: Shirman Eugene , Shahi Abhishek , Continetti Robert E. , Strasser Daniel
Published: November 2020

3D fragment imaging of the fluoroformate anion (FCO2−) dissociative photodetachment products shows reductive fragmentation, forming FCO + O, as well as a dominant cleavage of the CF bond.
Ion-specific interactions at calcite–brine interfaces: a nano-scale study of the surface charge development and preferential binding of polar hydrocarbons
Authors: Badizad Mohammad Hasan , Koleini Mohammad Mehdi , Greenwell Hugh Christopher , Ayatollahi Shahab , Ghazanfari Mohammad Hossein , Mohammadi Mohsen
Published: November 2020

This research provides an atomic-level insight into the synergic contribution of mono- and divalent ions to interfacial environment of calcite surfaces exposed to electrolyte solutions containing organic compounds.
Thermal enhancement of upconversion emission in nanocrystals: a comprehensive summary
Authors: Shi Rui , Martinez Eduardo D. , Brites Carlos D. S. , Carlos Luís D.
Published: November 2020

Thermal enhancement of upconversion luminescence in lanthanide-doped nanocrystals are summarized and the enhancement mechanism is discussed in detail with a fresh perspective.
Multi-peaked broad-band red phosphor Y3Si6N11:Pr3+for white LEDs and temperature sensing
Authors: Sun Dashuai , Zhang Liangliang , Hao Zhendong , Wu Hao , Wu Huajun , Luo Yongshi , Yang Lin , Zhang Xia , Liu Feng , Zhang Jiahua
Published: November 2020

The origin of multi-peaked broad-band red emission of the Y3Si6N11:Pr3+phosphor and its application in WLED and temperature sensing.
Exposure to a combination of silica nanoparticles and low-dose radiation aggravates lung fibrosis in mice via gut microbiota modulation
Authors: Ju Zhao , Ren Guofeng , Zhou Meiling , Jing Jin , Xiang Jing , Liu Xiaodan , Huang Ruixue , Zhou Ping-Kun
Published: November 2020

Exposure to silica nanoparticles (SNPs) causes lung fibrosis and threatens human health.
Microplastics in marine environment: a review on sources, classification, and potential remediation by membrane technology
Authors: Malankowska Magdalena , Echaide-Gorriz Carlos , Coronas Joaquin
Published: November 2020

Microplastics are pollutants highly stable to complete biodegradation and require more specific separation processes for their removal. Classification and potential remediation technologies, such as membrane technology, are discussed in this review.
An integrated microfluidic system for early detection of sepsis-inducing bacteria
Authors: Fang Yen-Ling , Wang Chih-Hung , Chen Yi-Sin , Chien Chun-Chih , Kuo Feng-Chih , You Huey-Ling , Lee Mel S. , Lee Gwo-Bin
Published: November 2020

Isolation and identification of bacteria from human blood were automated on an integrated microfluidic system for sepsis-inducing bacteria.
Ultrafine multi-metallic carbide nanocrystals encased in a carbon matrix as durable electrocatalysts towards effective alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Wei Zhao , Pang Jingman , Ji Yuan , Yang Xing , Liu Yundan , Ren Long , Zhang Yun
Published: November 2020

A general route to synthesize a series of ultrafine Mo-based HER-active bi-/tri-metallic carbide electrocatalysts by direct carbonization of multi-metal molybdate precursors.
N-Doped few-layer graphene encapsulated Pt-based bimetallic nanoparticles via solution plasma as an efficient oxygen catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Phan Phu Quoc , Naraprawatphong Rinyarat , Pornaroontham Phuwadej , Park Junmu , Chokradjaroen Chayanaphat , Saito Nagahiro
Published: November 2020

A superior durability of N-doped few-layer graphene shell for Pt-based bimetallic core protection by solution plasma process.
Advances in the electron diffraction characterization of atomic clusters and nanoparticles
Authors: Ponce Arturo , Aguilar Jeffery A. , Tate Jess , Yacamán Miguel José
Published: November 2020

Nanoparticles and metallic clusters continue to make a remarkable impact on novel and emerging technologies.
One-pot synthesis of luminol–gallium nanoassemblies and their peroxidase-mimetic activity for colorimetric detection of pyrophosphate
Authors: Tian Xue , Qi Wenjing , Zhao Maoyu , Lai Jianping , Wu Di , Hu Lianzhe , Zhang Yan
Published: November 2020

Luminol–Ga nanoassemblies exhibit peroxidase-mimetic activity. Colorimetric detection of PPi is developed owing to the formation of a complex between PPi and Ga3+.
Harvesting62Zn from an aqueous cocktail at the NSCL
Authors: Domnanich Katharina A. , Vyas Chirag K. , Abel E. Paige , Kalman Colton , Walker Wesley , Severin Gregory W.
Published: November 2020

The radionuclide62Zn was obtained by “isotope harvesting” and separated from other co-produced species. The principle of a medical radionuclide generator was demonstrated by isolating pure62Cu, which is generated by the decay of its parent62Zn.
Effect of the geometry of precursor crucibles on the growth of MoS2 flakes by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Wei Jinlei , Huang Jing-Kai , Du Jianhao , Bian Baoan , Li Sean , Wang Danyang
Published: November 2020

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) employing a furnace with multiple temperature zones is still the best and most widely used method for preparing high-quality MoS2 flakes.
Tailored self-assembled nanocolloidal Huygens scatterers in the visible
Authors: Elancheliyan Rajam , Dezert Romain , Castano Sabine , Bentaleb Ahmed , Nativ-Roth Einat , Regev Oren , Barois Philippe , Baron Alexandre , Mondain-Monval Olivier , Ponsinet Virginie
Published: November 2020

An emulsion formulation process, allowing for large scale production, yields tailored colloidal nanoresonators with electric and magnetic resonances engineered so that the resonators act as strong and isotropic Huygens scatterers.
Micrometer-scale monolayer SnS growth by physical vapor deposition
Authors: Kawamoto H. , Higashitarumizu N. , Nagamura N. , Nakamura M. , Shimamura K. , Ohashi N. , Nagashio K.
Published: November 2020

We investigate the PVD growth of monolayer SnS from two different feed powders, highly purified SnS and commercial phase-impure SnS.
Aqueous core and hollow silica nanocapsules for confined enzyme modules
Authors: Jo Seong-Min , Jiang Shuai , Graf Robert , Wurm Frederik R. , Landfester Katharina
Published: November 2020

We study a one-step synthesis of hollow silica nanocapsules with an aqueous core containing enzymes for developing enzyme modules with coupled reactions.
Interfacial chemistry and electroactivity of black phosphorus decorated with transition metals
Authors: Kosmala Tomasz , Bardini Luca , Caporali Maria , Serrano-Ruiz Manuel , Sedona Francesco , Agnoli Stefano , Peruzzini Maurizio , Granozzi Gaetano
Published: November 2020

Black phosphorus (BP) exhibits a significant chemical reactivity toward transition metals at room temperature, forming metal–BP nanohybrids that have much higher catalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction with respect to the bare BP.
Visible-light-induced scission and rapid healing of polyurethane elastomers based on photoswitchable hexaarylbiimidazole units
Authors: Xiang Shi-Li , Su Yu-Xuan , Zhao Peng-Ju , Li Chong , Zhu Ming-Qiang
Published: November 2020

Linear polyurethane (HABI-PU) containing hexaarylbiimidazole (HABI) units was synthesized, exhibiting photo-induced scission and rapid healing under different irradiation conditions due to the reversible photo-induced dedimerization of HABI.
Effect of cellulase on the UCST behavior of sulfobetaine zwitterionic surfactants and the cellulase recovery mechanism
Authors: Li Feiyun , Qin Feiyang , Cai Cheng , Pang Yuxia , Liu Weifeng , Li Qiong , Lou Hongming , Qiu Xueqing
Published: November 2020

Recycling cellulase was realized by adding UCST zwitterionic surfactants, and the process was simple and green without adding acids and alkalis.
Optimal synthesis of polyelectrolyte nanogels by electrostatic assembly directed polymerization for dye loading and release
Authors: Ding Peng , Liu Wei , Guo Xuhong , Cohen Stuart Martien A. , Wang Junyou
Published: November 2020

We fully address the process parameters of EADP regarding optimal and controlled preparation of PE nanogels. The response behaviour of the nanogels, and their take-up and release of charged dye molecule upon varying pH and salt are also investigated.
One-pot production of ceria nanosheet-supported PtNi alloy nanodendrites with high catalytic performance toward methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction
Authors: Kwon Yongmin , Kim Yena , Hong Jong Wook , Whang Youngjoo , Kim Sujung , Wi Dae Han , Byon Hye Ryung , Han Sang Woo
Published: November 2020

The production of high-performance electrocatalysts consisting of intimately coupled PtNi nanodendrites and ceria nanosheets was realized by a one-pot method.
Enhanced thermoelectric performance of F4-TCNQ doped FASnI3 thin films
Authors: Zheng Luyao , Zhu Tao , Li Yifan , Wu Haodong , Yi Chao , Zhu Jiahua , Gong Xiong
Published: November 2020

In the past decade, great efforts have been devoted to the development of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites for achieving efficient photovoltaics, but less attention has been paid to their thermoelectric applications.
Tough thermoplastic hydrogels with re-processability and recyclability for strain sensors
Authors: Zhang Xiaohua , Yang Xuefeng , Dai Qiyuan , Zhang Yichen , Pan Haotian , Yu Chenxi , Feng Qi , Zhu Shuangli , Dong Hua , Cao Xiaodong
Published: November 2020

Tough and thermoplastic hydrogels driven by strong and reversible hydrogen bonds present great advantages as strain sensors.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas receptor in gonadal and reproductive functions
Authors: Reis Fernando M. , Reis Adelina M.
Published: November 2020

Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) is an active peptide formed from Ang I or Ang-(1-9) by multiple proteolytic steps involving angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 1 and other peptidases, or by a single cleavage of Ang II catalyzed chiefly by ACE2. The effects of Ang-(1-7) are mediated by the G protein-coupled receptor Mas (or Mas1), encoded by the protooncogene MAS. The reproductive system expresses ACE2 quite abundantly and therefore is able to generate Ang-(1-7) using precursor peptides produced locally or taken from circulation. In several mammalian species, Ang-(1-7) stimulates ovarian follicle growth, oocyte maturation and ovulation. The peptide is found in human endometrium, mostly during the secretory phase of menstrual cycle when the uterus is receptive to embryo implantation. Rat models and human observational studies suggest that Ang-(1-7) is part of the maternal adaptive response to pregnancy and its deficiency is associated with poor circulation in the placental bed. Knockout mice revealed a relevant participation of Mas-mediated stimulus to the maintenance of normal spermatogenesis, even though the animal can still reproduce without it. In addition, the vasorelaxant effect of Ang-(1-7) participates in the physiological mechanism of corpus cavernosum blood influx and penile erection. We conclude that preclinical evidence encourages the pursuit of treatments for female and male reproductive dysfunctions based on Mas agonists, starting with its natural ligand Ang-(1-7).
Factor Analysis of Spontaneous Speech in Aphasia
Authors: Gordon Jean K.
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Spontaneous speech tasks are critically important for characterizing spoken language production deficits in aphasia and for assessing the impact of therapy. The utility of such tasks arises from the complex interaction of linguistic demands (word retrieval, sentence formulation, articulation). However, this complexity also makes spontaneous speech hugely variable and difficult to assess. The current study aimed to simplify the problem by identifying latent factors underlying performance in spontaneous speech in aphasia. The ecological validity of the factors was examined by examining how well the factor structures corresponded to traditionally defined aphasia subtypes.

Method

A factor analysis was conducted on 17 microlinguistic measures of narratives from 274 individuals with aphasia in AphasiaBank. The resulting factor scores were compared across aphasia subtypes. Supervised (linear discriminant analysis) and unsupervised (latent profile analysis) classification techniques were then conducted on the factor scores and the solutions compared to traditional aphasia subtypes.

Results

Six factors were identified. Two reflected aspects of fluency, one at the phrase level (Phrase Building) and one at the narrative level (Narrative Productivity). Two other factors reflected the accuracy of productions, one at the word level (Semantic Anomaly) and one at the utterance level (Grammatical Error). The other two factors reflected the complexity of sentence structures (Grammatical Complexity) and the use of repair behaviors (Repair), respectively. Linear discriminant analyses showed that only about two thirds of speakers were classified correctly and that misclassifications were similar to disagreements between clinical diagnoses. The most accurately diagnosed syndromes were the largest groups—Broca's and anomic aphasia. The latent profile analysis also generated profiles similar to Broca's and anomic aphasia but separated some subtypes according to severity.

Conclusions

The factor solution and the classification analyses reflected broad patterns of spontaneous speech performance in a large and representative sample of individuals with aphasia. However, such data-driven approaches present a simplified picture of aphasia patterns, much as traditional syndrome categories do. To ensure ecological validity, a hybrid approach is recommended, balancing population-level analyses with examination of performance at the level of theoretically specified subgroups or individuals.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13232354
Fast inference using FPGAs for DUNE data reconstruction
Authors: Rodriguez Manuel J.
Published: November 2020

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be a world-class neutrino observatory and nucleon decay detector aiming to address some of the most fundamental questions in particle physics. With a modular liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) of 40 kt fiducial mass, the DUNE far detector will be able to reconstruct neutrino interactions with an unprecedented resolution. With no triggering and no zero suppression or compression, the total raw data volume would be of order 145 EB/year. Consequently, fast and affordable reconstruction methods are needed. Several state-of-theart methods are focused on machine learning (ML) approaches to identify the signal within the raw data or to classify the neutrino interaction during the reconstruction. One of the main advantages of using those techniques is that they will reduce the computational cost and time compared to classical strategies. Our plan aims to go a bit further and test the implementation of those techniques on an accelerator board. In this work, we present the accelerator board used, a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware for fast deep learning (DL) inference based on an FPGA, and the experimental results obtained outperforming more traditional processing units. The FPGA-based approach is planned to be eventually used for online reconstruction.
Reconstruction of Charged Particle Tracks in Realistic Detector Geometry Using a Vectorized and Parallelized Kalman Filter Algorithm
Authors: Cerati Giuseppe , Elmer Peter , Gravelle Brian , Kortelainen Matti , Krutelyov Vyacheslav , Lantz Steven , Masciovecchio Mario , McDermott Kevin , Norris Boyana , Reid Michael , Reinsvold Hall Allison , Riley Daniel , Tadel Matevž , Wittich Peter , Wang Bei , Würthwein Frank , Yagil Avraham
Published: November 2020

One of the most computationally challenging problems expected for the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is finding and fitting particle tracks during event reconstruction. Algorithms used at the LHC today rely on Kalman filtering, which builds physical trajectories incrementally while incorporating material effects and error estimation. Recognizing the need for faster computational throughput, we have adapted Kalman-filterbased methods for highly parallel, many-core SIMD and SIMT architectures that are now prevalent in high-performance hardware. Previously we observed significant parallel speedups, with physics performance comparable to CMS standard tracking, on Intel Xeon, Intel Xeon Phi, and (to a limited extent) NVIDIA GPUs. While early tests were based on artificial events occurring inside an idealized barrel detector, we showed subsequently that our mkFit software builds tracks successfully from complex simulated events (including detector pileup) occurring inside a geometrically accurate representation of the CMS-2017 tracker. Here, we report on advances in both the computational and physics performance of mkFit, as well as progress toward integration with CMS production software. Recently we have improved the overall efficiency of the algorithm by preserving short track candidates at a relatively early stage rather than attempting to extend them over many layers. Moreover, mkFit formerly produced an excess of duplicate tracks; these are now explicitly removed in an additional processing step. We demonstrate that with these enhancements, mkFit becomes a suitable choice for the first iteration of CMS tracking, and eventually for later iterations as well. We plan to test this capability in the CMS High Level Trigger during Run 3 of the LHC, with an ultimate goal of using it in both the CMS HLT and offline reconstruction for the HL-LHC CMS tracker.
Fast simulation of electromagnetic particle showers in high granularity calorimeters
Authors: Brito Da Rocha Ricardo , Carminati Federico , Khattak Gulrukh , Vallecorsa Sofia
Published: November 2020

The future need of simulated events by the LHC experiments and their High Luminosity upgrades, is expected to increase by one or two orders of magnitude. As a consequence, research on new fast simulation solutions, including deep Generative Models, is very active and initial results look promising.

We have previously reported on a prototype that we have developed, based on 3 dimensional convolutional Generative Adversarial Network, to simulate particle showers in high-granularity calorimeters. In this contribution we present improved results on a more realistic simulation. Detailed validation studies show very good agreement with Monte Carlo simulation. In particular, we show how increasing the network representational power, introducing physics-based constraints and using a transfer-learning approach for training improve the level of agreement over a large energy range.
Distributed data analysis with ROOT RDataFrame
Authors: Padulano Vincenzo Eduardo , Cervantes Villanueva Javier , Guiraud Enrico , Tejedor Saavedra Enric
Published: November 2020

Widespread distributed processing of big datasets has been around for more than a decade now thanks to Hadoop, but only recently higher-level abstractions have been proposed for programmers to easily operate on those datasets, e.g. Spark. ROOT has joined that trend with its RDataFrame tool for declarative analysis, which currently supports local multi-threaded parallelisation. However, RDataFrame’s programming model is general enough to accommodate multiple implementations or backends: users could write their code once and execute it as-is locally or distributedly, just by selecting the corresponding backend.

This abstract introduces PyRDF, a new python library developed on top of RDataFrame to seamlessly switch from local to distributed environments with no changes in the application code. In addition, PyRDF has been integrated with a service for web-based analysis, SWAN, where users can dynamically plug in new resources, as well as write, execute, monitor and debug distributed applications via an intuitive interface.
Seeking an alternative to tape-based custodial storage
Authors: Ahn Sang Un , Betev Latchezar , Bonfillou Eric , Han Heejune , Kim Jeongheon , Lee Seung Hee , Panzer-Steindel Bernd , Peters Andreas Joachim , Yoon Heejun
Published: November 2020

In November 2018, the KISTI Tier-1 centre started a project to design, develop and deploy a disk-based custodial storage with error rate and reliability compatible with a tape-based storage. This project has been conducted in collaboration with KISTI and CERN; especially the initial design was laid out from the intensive discussion with CERN IT and ALICE. The system design of the disk-based custodial storage consisted of high density JBOD enclosures and erasure coding data protection, implemented in EOS, the open-source storage management developed at CERN. In order to balance the system reliability, data security and I/O performance, we investigated the possible SAS connections of JBOD enclosures to the front-end node managed by EOS and the technology constraints of interconnections in terms of throughput to accommodate large number of disks foreseen in the storage. This project will be completed and enter production before the start of LHC Run3 in 2021. In this paper we present the detailed description on the initial system design, the brief results of test equipment for the procurement, the deployment of the system, and the further plans for the project.
Distributed data management on Belle II
Authors: Padolski Siarhei , Ito Hironori , Laycock Paul , Mashinistov Ruslan , Miyake Hideki , Ueda Ikuo
Published: November 2020

The Belle II experiment started taking physics data in April 2018 with an estimated total volume of all files including raw events, Monte-Carlo and skim statistics of 340 petabytes expected by the end of operations in the late-2020s. Originally designed as a fully integrated component of the BelleDIRAC production system, the Belle II distributed data management (DDM) software needs to manage data across about 29 storage elements worldwide for a collaboration of nearly 1000 physicists. By late 2018, this software required significant performance improvements to meet the requirements of physics data taking and was seriously lacking in automation. Rucio, the DDM solution created by ATLAS, was an obvious alternative but required tight integration with BelleDIRAC and a seamless yet non-trivial migration. This contribution describes the work done on both DDM options, the current status of the software running successfully in production and the problems associated with trying to balance long-term operations cost against short term risk.