bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual Channel Residual Learning for Denoising Path Tracing
Authors: Liu Ping , Ji Hangyu
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we present a denoising method for path tracing using residual learning with convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Noisy artifacts in path tracing are inherited from insufficient sampling, which often generates over- or under-exposed values when integrating the limited bright or dark samples in a pixel. In this paper, we introduce a dual channel residual learning CNNs which separates the over and under-exposed signals in order to provide an efficient denoising filter for the path tracing rendering. Furthermore, we present an advanced CNN comprised of variable-sized kernels in each convolutional layer. Our CNN detects features in different scales providing an adaptive denoising filter capability which is optimal for extracting various contextual details in a complex scene. The experiments demonstrate that our method generates better visual quality than other compared approaches across various rendering effects.
Prediction of reservoir properties using inverse rock physics modelling in the Kanywataba Exploration Area, Albertine Graben
Authors: Nakajigo Joan , Johansen Tor Arne , Kiberu John Mary , Jensen Erling Hugo , Tiberindwa John Vienne
Published: January 2024

In this study we used the concept of inverse rock physics modelling to analyse reservoir properties of the Kanywataba Exploration Area, with a focus on their lateral distribution away from the Kanywataba well. The procedure employed rock physics models calibrated for the basin constrained by seismic inversion data, where non-uniqueness and data error propagation issues were also taken into account. Both seismic and well log datasets were used in the data calibration. The procedures enabled us to obtain the most likely estimate mean, weighted mean and posterior mean of the reservoir properties. We obtained a good match between measured and modelled porosity values. Any misfit between the observed and predicted lithology was mainly attributed to uncertainties in defining the correct mineral properties. The integrated approach revealed that high porosities correlate with low clay volumes and, furthermore, indicated two distinct reservoir units in the basin, which were interpreted as the Oluka and Kakara Formations. Fluid saturation data were less successfully predicted but this was most probably due to a result of lack of real saturation logs for use in the calibration of the rock physics model; instead, predicted saturation logs based on Archie's law were used in the calibration process. This analysis is first of its kind in this basin and therefore exhibits a high level of novelty in the determination of reservoir properties in this area.
Structural control of igneous intrusions on fluid migration in sedimentary basins: the case study of large bitumen seeps at Cerro Alquitrán and Cerro La Paloma, northern Neuquén Basin, Argentina
Authors: Galland Olivier , Villar Héctor J. , Mescua José , Jerram Dougal A. , Messager Grégoire , Medialdea Adrian , Midtkandal Ivar , Palma J. Octavio , Planke Sverre , Augland Lars Eivind , Zanella Alain
Published: January 2024

Cooling subvolcanic igneous intrusions are known to have a tremendous impact on fluid flow in the shallow Earth's crust. However, the long-term post-cooling legacy of subvolcanic intrusions on fluid flow has received much less attention. Here we describe geological examples in the Andean foothills, Argentina, showing that igneous intrusions have long-term effects on fluid flow after their emplacement and cooling. The case study consists of ∼11 Myr-old eroded andesitic intrusions of Cerro Alquitrán and Cerro La Paloma, northern Neuquén Basin, Argentina, at the rims of which large volumes of bitumen are naturally seeping out at the Earth's surface. The intrusions exhibit laccolithic shapes with steep-sided contacts with the host rock. Near the intrusive contacts, the andesite is intensely broken along concentric breccia bands and fracture bands, interpreted as resulting from syn-emplacement brittle magma deformation, which represent high-permeability pathways for the migrating bitumen. Organic geochemical analyses of the bitumen show that the seeping oils were generated from incipiently mature Vaca Muerta sections located in a regional kitchen to the west, implying a lateral migration of ∼10–20 km. The Cerro Alquitrán and Cerro La Paloma intrusions are demonstrative examples highlighting how extinct subvolcanic intrusions have long-term consequences for subsurface fluid circulations in sedimentary basins.
Hardware-Software Collaborative Tiered-Memory Management Framework for Virtualization
Authors: Sha Sai , Li Chuandong , Wang Xiaolin , Wang Zhenlin , Luo Yingwei
Published: January 2024

The tiered-memory system can effectively expand the memory capacity for virtual machines (VMs). However, virtualization introduces new challenges specifically in enforcing performance isolation, minimizing context switching, and providing resource overcommit. None of the state-of-the-art designs consider virtualization and address these challenges; we observe that a VM with tiered memory incurs up to a 2× slowdown compared to a DRAM-only VM.

We propose
vTMM
, a hardware-software collaborative tiered-memory management framework for virtualization. A key insight in
vTMM
is to leverage the unique system features in virtualization to meet the above challenges.
vTMM
automatically determines page hotness and migrates pages between fast and slow memory to achieve better performance. Specially,
vTMM
optimizes page tracking and migration based on page-modification logging (PML), a hardware-assisted virtualization mechanism, and adaptively distinguishes hot/cold pages through the page “temperature” sorting.
vTMM
also dynamically adjusts fast memory among multi-VMs on demand by using a memory pool. Further,
vTMM
tracks huge pages at regular-page granularity in hardware and splits/merges pages in software, realizing hybrid-grained page management and optimization. We implement and evaluate
vTMM
with single-grained page management on an Intel processor, and the hybrid-grained page management on a Sunway processor with hardware mode supporting hardware/software co-designs. Experiments show that
vTMM
outperforms existing tiered-memory management designs in virtualization.
Diverse Visual Question Generation Based on Multiple Objects Selection
Authors: Fang Wenhao , Xie Jiayuan , Liu Hongfei , Chen Jiali , Cai Yi
Published: January 2024

Visual question generation task aims at generating high-quality questions about a given image. To make this tak applicable to various scenarios, e.g., the growing demand for exams, it is important to generate diverse questions. The existing methods for this task control diverse question generation based on different question types, e.g., “what” and “when.” Although different question types lead to description diversity, they cannot guarantee semantic diversity when asking the same objects. Research in the field of psychology shows that humans pay attention to different objects in an image based on their preferences, which is beneficial to constructing semantically diverse questions. According to the research, we propose a multi-selector visual question generation (MS-VQG) model that aims to focus on different objects to generate diverse questions. Specifically, our MS-VQG model employs multiple selectors to imitate different humans to select different objects in a given image. Based on these different selected objects, our MS-VQG model can generate diverse questions corresponding to each selector. Extensive experiments on two datasets show that our proposed model outperforms the baselines in generating diverse questions.
SPIRIT: Style-guided Patch Interaction for Fashion Image Retrieval with Text Feedback
Authors: Chen Yanzhe , Zhou Jiahuan , Peng Yuxin
Published: January 2024

Fashion image retrieval with text feedback aims to find the target image according to the reference image and the modification from the user. This is a challenging task, as it requires not only the synergistic understanding of both visual and textual modalities but also the ability to model a wide variety of styles that fashion images contain. Hence, the crucial aspect of addressing this problem lies in exploiting the abundant semantic information inherent in fashion images and correlating it with the textual description of style. Recognizing that style is generally situated at the local level, we explicitly define style as the commonalities and differences between local areas of fashion images. Building upon this, we propose a Style-guided Patch InteRaction approach for fashion Image retrieval with Text feedback (SPIRIT), which focuses on the decisive influence of local details of fashion images on their style. Three corresponding networks are designed pertinently. The Patch-level Style Commonality network is introduced to fully leverage the semantic information among patches and compute their average as the style commonality. Subsequently, the Patch-level Style Difference network employs a graph reasoning network to model the patch-level difference and filter out insignificant patches. By considering the above two networks, mutual information about style is obtained from the interaction between patches. Finally, the Visual Textual Fusion network is utilized to integrate visual features with rich semantic information and textual features. Experimental results on four benchmark datasets demonstrate that our proposed SPIRIT achieves state-of-the-art performance. Source code is available at
https://github.com/PKU-ICST-MIPL/SPIRIT_TOMM2024
.
Aggregation and Capacity Limiting Effects in Anthraquinone-Based Flow Battery Negolytes
Authors: Pasadakis-Kavounis Alexandros , Baj Vanessa , Hjelm Johan
Published: January 2024

Anthraquinone-based molecules are promising electroactive materials for use in aqueous organic flow batteries. At high concentrations in aqueous solutions, the well-known negolyte molecule anthraquinone disulfonic acid (AQDS) molecule has been observed to aggregate under near-neutral and acidic conditions. Aggregation has been hypothesized to be directly linked to observed concurrent capacity reduction. In this study, we investigated three different water-soluble anthraquinones in electrolytes of varying compositions and pH to gain further insight into the possible causes of capacity loss. We used low-field benchtop 1H-NMR and diffusion NMR measurements directly in non-deuterated aqueous flow-battery electrolytes to investigate molecular aggregation. Single-cell testing was performed under exhaustive electrolysis conditions to determine the number of electrons exchanged per molecule. We observed a decrease in the number of electrons exchanged per molecule in the presence of carbonate ions due to CO2 adduct formation. The aggregation constants were determined from both concentration-dependent chemical shifts and self-diffusion coefficients. We show that aggregation of the oxidized form of all three molecules studied here occurs under near-neutral and alkaline conditions and does not affect the number of accessible e−.
An MPM-Based Phase-Field Simulation of Plating and Stripping of Lithium with a Solid Electrolyte Interphase
Authors: Smith Grant D. , Nairn John A.
Published: January 2024

A methodology for performing phase-field simulations of plating and stripping in the presence of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is presented and applied to a lithium metal electrode. Material point method (MPM) simulations are performed assuming a homogeneous SEI layer and are compared with experiment. Results are consistent with experiment for two electrolytes and confirm the dominance of the SEI layer in determining cell impedance. Notably, in some instances, the SEI potential drop greatly affected activation overpotential, differing from the applied potential. To accurately depict stripping current vs potential for SEI-free systems, the model considered non-ideal electrolyte effects: concentration-dependent salt activity coefficient, salt diffusion coefficient, and electrolyte conductivity. Conversely, systems with SEI layers displayed minimal non-ideal concentration-related electrolyte effects due to impedance originating primarily from the SEI. In plating scenarios, low SEI salt concentration negated the need for non-ideal SEI effects. However, for stripping, non-ideal salt-concentration dependent SEI effects were crucial in reproducing experimental behavior, owing to high salt concentration at the electrode/SEI interface.
Application of Cyclic Voltammetry with W Electrodes for Measurement of High CaO Concentration in Molten CaCl2
Authors: Felling Forest , Dale Olivia R. , Gonzalez Mario , Zhang Chao , Simpson Michael F.
Published: January 2024

Molten CaCl2 is a useful electrolyte for certain pyroprocessing techniques, and the solubility of oxide ions in this salt is a critical characteristic of many of these techniques. CaO is a byproduct of direct oxide reduction (DOR), so the concentration of oxide ions can be used to determine the extent of these reactions. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV) with tungsten electrodes, the CaO concentration in the salt up to approximately 5 wt% was correlated to both oxidation peak height and power density values. This correlation was demonstrated in both equilibrium and transient conditions. CV is a promising method for the in situ real-time monitoring of CaO concentrations in DOR processes.
Optical, Dielectric, and Electromagnetic Microwave Absorption Properties of Hexagonal Ba3(VO4)2
Authors: Chenna Praveen , Panda Saran Srihari Sripada , Sharma Sahil , Gandi Suman , Parne Saidi Reddy
Published: January 2024

In this work, we used a simple sol-gel synthesis technique to prepare hexagonal Ba3(VO4)2. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy were performed, confirming that Ba3(VO4)2 has a hexagonal structure. To investigate the influence of interfacial interactions at grain boundaries on microwave absorption, AFM studies were performed. UV–vis studies show the direct and indirect optical energy band gaps of Ba3(VO4)2 were determined as 3.81 eV and 3.25 eV, respectively. The dielectric studies reveal that the dielectric constant (ε׳) of Ba3(VO4)2 ranges from 1.55 to 6.02 in the frequency range of 2–20 GHz, with an average ε׳ value of 3.84. The microwave absorption properties of Ba3(VO4)2 were evaluated in the frequency range of 8–18 GHz, covering the X and Ku bands at different thicknesses from 4.5 mm to 8 mm. The highest effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.44 GHz was observed within the frequency range of 12.83–17.27 GHz, with a maximum reflection loss of −71.43 dB at a resonance frequency of 15.05 GHz. Additionally, at a thickness of 7.5 mm, Ba3(VO4)2 achieved a maximum reflection loss of −75.22 dB at 10.03 GHz, with an EAB of 2.94 GHz (covering the X band from 8.57 GHz to 11.51 GHz).
Hippo cell signaling and HS-proteoglycans regulate tissue form and function, age-dependent maturation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and repair
Authors: Melrose James
Published: January 2024

This review examined how Hippo cell signaling and heparan sulfate (HS)-proteoglycans (HSPGs) regulate tissue form and function. Despite being a nonweight-bearing tissue, the brain is regulated by Hippo mechanoresponsive cell signaling pathways during embryonic development. HS-proteoglycans interact with growth factors, morphogens, and extracellular matrix components to regulate development and pathology. Pikachurin and Eyes shut (Eys) interact with dystroglycan to stabilize the photoreceptor axoneme primary cilium and ribbon synapse facilitating phototransduction and neurotransduction with bipolar retinal neuronal networks in ocular vision, the primary human sense. Another HSPG, Neurexin interacts with structural and adaptor proteins to stabilize synapses and ensure specificity of neural interactions, and aids in synaptic potentiation and plasticity in neurotransduction. HSPGs also stabilize the blood-brain barrier and motor neuron basal structures in the neuromuscular junction. Agrin and perlecan localize acetylcholinesterase and its receptors in the neuromuscular junction essential for neuromuscular control. The primary cilium is a mechanosensory hub on neurons, utilized by YES associated protein (YAP)-transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) Hippo, Hh, Wnt, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/bone matrix protein (BMP) receptor tyrosine kinase cell signaling. Members of the glypican HSPG proteoglycan family interact with Smoothened and Patched G-protein coupled receptors on the cilium to regulate Hh and Wnt signaling during neuronal development. Control of glycosyl sulfotransferases and endogenous protease expression by Hippo TAZ YAP represents a mechanism whereby the fine structure of HS-proteoglycans can be potentially modulated spatiotemporally to regulate tissue morphogenesis in a similar manner to how Hippo signaling controls sialyltransferase expression and mediation of cell-cell recognition, dysfunctional sialic acid expression is a feature of many tumors.
The ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 promotes early osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in stromal stem cells
Authors: Tourkova Irina L. , Larrouture Quitterie C. , Liu Silvia , Luo Jianhua , Schlesinger Paul H. , Blair Harry C.
Published: January 2024

We report the discovery that the ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase, ENPP2, is an important regulator of early differentiation of bone-forming osteoblasts.
Effects of carbohydrate availability on cycling endurance at the maximal lactate steady state
Authors: Quinn Colton P. , McDougall Rachel M. , Aboodarda Saied Jalal , Murias Juan M. , MacInnis Martin J.
Published: January 2024

Carbohydrate (CHO) loading did not increase participants’ ability to cycle at their maximal lactate steady state (MLSS); however, performing a glycogen depletion task the evening before cycling at MLSS reduced the time to task failure, even when paired with a high dose of CHO. These diet and exercise interventions influenced blood lactate concentration ([BLa]) but not the stability of [BLa]. Activities that reduce CHO availability should be avoided before MLSS determination.
Next-generation Multi-target Stool DNA Panel Accurately Detects Colorectal Cancer and Advanced Precancerous Lesions
Authors: Gagrat Zubin D. , Krockenberger Martin , Bhattacharya Abhik , Gagrat Bridget Z. , Leduc Christine M. , Matter Michael B. , Fourrier Keith D. , Mahoney Douglas W. , Edwards V David K. , Lidgard Graham P. , Limburg Paul J. , Johnson Scott C. , Domanico Michael J. , Kisiel John B.
Published: January 2024

The multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA) test screens for colorectal cancer by analyzing DNA methylation/mutation and hemoglobin markers to algorithmically derive a qualitative result. A new panel of highly discriminant candidate methylated DNA markers (MDM) was recently developed. Performance of the novel MDM panel, with hemoglobin, was evaluated in a simulated screening population using archived stool samples weighted to early-stage colorectal cancer and prospectively collected advanced precancerous lesions (APL). Marker selection study (MSS) and separate preliminary independent verification studies (VS) were conducted utilizing samples from multi-center, case–control studies. Sample processing included targeted MDM capture, bisulfite conversion, and MDM quantitation. Fecal hemoglobin was quantified using ELISA. Samples were stratified into 75%/25% training-testing sets; model outcomes were cross-validated 1,000 times. All laboratory operators were blinded. The MSS included 232 cases (120 colorectal cancer/112 APLs) and 490 controls. The VS featured 210 cases (112 colorectal cancer/98 APLs) and 567 controls; APLs were 86.7% adenomas and 13.3% sessile serrated lesions (SSL). Average age was 65.5 (cases) and 63.2 (controls) years. Mean sensitivity in the VS from cross-validation was 95.2% for colorectal cancer and 57.2% for APLs, with specificities of 89.8% (no CRC/APLs) and 92.4% (no neoplasia). Subgroup analyses showed colorectal cancer sensitivities of 93.4% (stage I) and 94.2% (stage II). APL sensitivity was 82.9% for high-grade dysplasia, 73.4% for villous lesions, 49.8% for tubular lesions, and 30.2% for SSLs. These data support high sensitivity and specificity for a next-generation mt-sDNA test panel. Further evaluation of assay performance will be characterized in a prospective, multi-center clinical validation study (NCT04144738).

Prevention Relevance:

This study highlights performance of the next-generation mt-sDNA test, which exhibits high sensitivity and specificity for detecting colorectal cancer and APLs. This noninvasive option has potential to increase screening participation and clinical outcomes. A multi-center, clinical validation trial is underway.

See related commentary by Bresalier, p. 93
Diet-Stimulated Marrow Adiposity Fails to Worsen Early, Age-Related Bone Loss
Authors: McGrath Cody , Little-Letsinger Sarah E. , Pagnotti Gabriel M. , Sen Buer , Xie Zhihui , Uzer Gunes , Uzer Guniz B. , Zong Xiaopeng , Styner Martin A. , Rubin Janet , Styner Maya
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Longitudinal effect of diet-induced obesity on bone is uncertain. Prior work showed both no effect and a decrement in bone density or quality when obesity begins prior to skeletal maturity. We aimed to quantify long-term effects of obesity on bone and bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) in adulthood. Methods: Skeletally mature, female C57BL/6 mice (n = 70) aged 12 weeks were randomly allocated to low-fat diet (LFD; 10% kcal fat; n = 30) or high-fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal fat; n = 30), with analyses at 12, 15, 18, and 24 weeks (n = 10/group). Tibial microarchitecture was analyzed by µCT, and volumetric BMAT was quantified via 9.4T MRI/advanced image analysis. Histomorphometry of adipocytes and osteoclasts, and qPCR were performed. Results: Body weight and visceral white adipose tissue accumulated in response to HFD started in adulthood. Trabecular bone parameters declined with advancing experimental age. BV/TV declined 22% in LFD (p = 0.0001) and 17% in HFD (p = 0.0022) by 24 weeks. HFD failed to appreciably alter BV/TV and had negligible impact on other microarchitecture parameters. Both dietary intervention and age accounted for variance in BMAT, with regional differences: distal femoral BMAT was more responsive to diet, while proximal femoral BMAT was more attenuated by age. BMAT increased 60% in the distal metaphysis in HFD at 18 and 24 weeks (p = 0.0011). BMAT in the proximal femoral diaphysis, unchanged by diet, decreased 45% due to age (p = 0.0002). Marrow adipocyte size via histomorphometry supported MRI quantification. Osteoclast number did not differ between groups. Tibial qPCR showed attenuation of some adipose, metabolism, and bone genes. A regulator of fatty acid β-oxidation, cytochrome C (CYCS), was 500% more abundant in HFD bone (p < 0.0001; diet effect). CYCS also increased due to age, but to a lesser extent. HFD mildly increased OCN, TRAP, and SOST. Conclusions: Long-term high fat feeding after skeletal maturity, despite upregulation of visceral adiposity, body weight, and BMAT, failed to attenuate bone microarchitecture. In adulthood, we found aging to be a more potent regulator of microarchitecture than diet-induced obesity.
Agenda 2030: a potencialidade do jornalismo. Como o Jornalismo se faz presente na educação de qualidade, contribuindo para o 4º objetivo de desenvolvimento sustentável
Authors: Rocha Ivone Ananias dos Santos , Paulino Rita de Cássia Romeiro
Published: January 2024

Este artigo traz uma análise do jornalismo na perspectiva do objetivo 4 do desenvolvimento sustentável (Educação de Qualidade). O problema é como o jornalismo pode colaborar com a escola quanto às metas estabelecidas no ODS 4. Para isso, o objeto de estudo é o projeto Memórias em Rede, desenvolvido em escolas públicas de Santos, São Paulo, que trabalha a memória afetiva de jovens e suas histórias de vida, atuando com as ferramentas do jornalismo. O objetivo geral é promover uma reflexão sobre o apoio do jornalismo à educação de qualidade. Quanto aos objetivos específicos, o artigo se debruça no texto do ODS 4; na relação de suas metas com o jornalismo, dialogando com as ações do projeto; e na conexão com os conceitos teóricos da interface comunicação e educação. O percurso metodológico é de análise de conteúdo do ODS 4 e uma conexão com o projeto.
Mediações tecnológicas em desconstrução
Authors: Argollo Rita Virgínia Alves Santos , Carvalho Neto José Pedro de
Published: January 2024

Neste texto refletimos sobre os processos de mediação, distanciando-nos tanto de uma centralidade de ação quanto da pluralidade de agentes. Desse modo, apresentamos parte dos resultados de uma pesquisa bibliográfica em torno da noção “mediações tecnológicas”. Para tanto, fundamentamo-nos em discussões sobre cultura digital, interação, interface comunicação-educação, além da noção de desconstrução, sem, no entanto, definir “mediação”. Ao aproximarmos comunicação e desconstrução, entendemos que a discussão excede a relação homem-máquina. Uma vez que ela está em deslocamento, resta-nos pensar não em mediação tecnológica, mas sim em mediações. Por fim, entendemos que tanto agentes humanos quanto não humanos estão interconectados no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Portanto, mais do que mediação (tecnologia ou pedagógica), esse processo se dá por meio de mediações, no plural.
Observing Mythical Entities
Authors: Altobrando Andrea
Published: January 2024

Sellars has taught us that we do not have direct epistemic access to sense data. Therefore, the latter cannot work as the bedrock of our knowledge. At the same time, through the myth of genius Jones, Sellars has tried to explain how we become able to rationally refer to sense data. What is more, it even seems that, following Jones’ teachings, the Rylean folk have become able to observe sense data. How could this be possible if sense data are merely mythical entities? By making use of some ideas and reflections from Husserl on perceptual experience, categorial intuition, and knowledge, I suggest a way to overcome the riddle. My solution, however, will partially contrast with Sellars’ idea that sense data are, in the end, something internal to the subject.
Was Moore Talking Nonsense?
Authors: Sartore Edoardo
Published: January 2024

This article examines Wittgenstein’s criticism of Moore’s use of “know”, as he developed it in On Certainty. Arguing against much of the literature, the author claims that, by Wittgenstein’s own lights, Moore was not talking nonsense. He does so by showing, first, that the standard reading is based on the idea that hinge propositions are non-epistemic, and second, that Wittgenstein’s alleged adoption of the non-epistemic view is not adequately supported by the textual evidence. The author argues that claims to the contrary depend on an undue conflation, on the part of interpreters, of Wittgenstein’s treatment of psychological avowals in Philosophical Investigations and his discussion of hinge propositions in On Certainty. Moreover, a closer look at Wittgenstein’s objections to Moore shows that Wittgenstein himself repeatedly charged Moore with a similar confusion between the status of psychological statements and the status of his common-sense truisms.
The Development of Arin kul ‘water’ ~ Kott ûl, Ket ¹u·l’, Yugh ¹ur and Its Typological Background
Authors: Fries Simon , Bonmann Svenja
Published: January 2024

This article seeks to demonstrate that prothetic k- in Arin corresponding to a zero onset in the other Yeniseian languages as featured in words like Arin kul ‘water’ ~ Kott ûl, Ket ¹u·l’, Yugh ¹ur reflects a Proto-Yeniseian word-initial consonant *u̯- [w]. Drawing on earlier findings concerning the development of Arin k-, it is argued that Proto-Yeniseian *u̯- developed into Arin k- via an intermediate stage *g(u̯)-, and that *u̯- was partly or completely lost in the other Yeniseian languages. Both the development *u̯- > *g(u̯)- > k- and the loss of *u̯- are backed up by typological evidence.
On Dagur Kinship Terms
Authors: Khabtagaeva Bayarma
Published: January 2024

According to conventional linguistic classifications, Dagur is one of the archaic Mongolic languages. This language is unique, allegedly connected with the Para- Mongolic language Khitan, and it has a close areal relationship with two Tungusic languages, Manchu and Solon Ewenki. This paper is a continuation of the author’s research on etymological studies of the Dagur language. Two papers have already been published, focusing respectively on names for body parts (Khabtagaeva 2021) and colours (Khabtagaeva 2022). The present paper addresses kinship terminology. The Dagur terms were collected from different published works and fieldwork materials. Most of the terms are of Mongolic origin with special Dagur phonetic features and with an internal Dagur mophological development. A few terms were borrowed from Tungusic languages and Chinese.
Typological Reflections on the Rise of Possessive Alienability Splits in Tungusic
Authors: Malchukov Andrej L.
Published: January 2024

In this brief discussion note I consider rise of (in)alienability splits in Tungusic languages in a typological perspective. I provide typological arguments for the diachronic scenario (originally due to Sunik 1947), in which the interrogative pronoun ƞüi ‘who’ developed nominalizing and deictic function, subsequently giving rise to free possessive construction, on the one hand, and the alienability marker, on the other hand. It is shown that the proposed, typologically informed scenario can successfully account for peculiarities of the inalienable possession and related possessive markers in Tungusic languages, which alternative scenarios are not able to explain.
Proto-Nivkh Accent System
Authors: Zhivlov Mikhail
Published: January 2024

The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the Proto-Nivkh accent system and vocalism with the help of loanword analysis and internal reconstruction. It is shown that the place of the Proto-Nivkh accent depended on vowel height and syllable structure. The paper also argues that the unstressed vowel loss, which led to a radical change in Nivkh phonotactics, consonant system and morphophonology, occurred after the breakup of the last common ancestor of modern Nivkh varieties.
The Evolution of China’s Policy for Transitions from ecec to Primary Education and Its Characteristics: a Policy Review Based on Incrementalism Theory
Authors: Zhang Yulong , Hou Yuna , Lei Jiayu , Luo Xiaochen
Published: January 2024

Transitions from early childhood education and care (ecec) to primary education are not only about the quality of children’s early learning but also affect the development of children and are of great value in promoting the construction of high-quality education systems in various countries. This study uses incrementalism theory to review the policy content for transitions from ecec to primary education in China and finds that the policy has evolved through four stages: the gestation period, the initial exploration period, the steady development period, and the system construction period. The evolution of the policy has shown a characteristic step-by-step increase from small to large, seeking changes while maintaining stability. Through the review of China’s policy content for transitions from ecec to primary education, we hope to provide evidence from the Chinese experience to international research in related fields.
A new species of Flabellascoma and a new record of Biappendiculispora japonica (Lophiostomataceae, Dothideomycetes) from Yunnan Province, China
Authors: REN GUANG-CONG , WANASINGHE DHANUSHKA N. , CHETHANA K.W. THILINI , FARIAS A.R.G. DE , HYDE KEVIN D. , XU JIANCHU , HUANG YUE , GUI HENG
Published: January 2024

During our taxonomic effort to document the woody litter microfungi of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), two collections of lophiostomataceae-like taxa were isolated from terrestrial habitats in China. Flabellascoma lancangense sp. nov. was isolated from dead woody twigs of Castanopsis indica, and a new collection was made for Biappendiculispora japonica from dead woody twigs of Camphora glandulifera. Phylogenetic analysis of combined SSU, LSU, ITS, tef1-α, and rpb2 sequence data was used to confirm the placement of our collections in Lophiostomataceae. Flabellascoma lancangense is characterized by globose to subglobose ascomata, which are immersed under the host substrates, short papillate, crest-like ostiole with a pore-like opening, filled with hyaline periphyses, peridium comprising thick-walled cells of textura angularis to globulosa cells, cellular pseudoparaphyses, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate asci with a truncate pedicel and a minute ocular chamber, hyaline, ellipsoidal 2-celled ascospores with large guttules in each cell. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided, with notes discussing allied species in the family.
Validation of the name Vaucheria lii (Xanthophyceae, Vaucheriaceae), with a new distributional record
Authors: VISHNYAKOV VASILY S.
Published: January 2024

N/A
Allium serpenticola (A. sect. Codonoprasum, Amaryllidaceae), a new species from Türkiye
Authors: EKER İSMAİL
Published: January 2024

Allium serpenticola Eker, a new species in sect. Codonoprasum, is described and illustrated from Adana, Türkiye. It is similar to Allium stamineum Boissier, but different in many morphological characters, especially including colors of perigone, pedicels and anthers, length of spathe valves and their ratio to umbel, length of filaments and their ratio to perigone, anther size, constant style length, number of leaves, proportion of sheats surrounding scape, outer tunic colour and seed ornamentation. A comprehensive description of this species is provided, including detailed illustrations and photographs, geographical distribution, habitat and ecology, and IUCN conservation status. Micromorphological characteristics of A. serpenticola and A. stamineum seeds are also examined and compared using stereomicroscope and SEM analyses.
Gloeocantharellus thailandensis (Gomphaceae, Gomphales), a new macrofungus from southern Thailand
Authors: NUTARATAT PUMIN , KHUNNAMWONG PANNIDA , SUWANNARACH NAKARIN , KUMLA JATURONG
Published: January 2024

A new macrofungal species, described herein as Gloeocantharellus thailandensis, was collected from southern Thailand in 2022. This species is characterized by gomphoid basidiomata, pale red to pastel red pileus, broadly ellipsoid to elongated basidiospores with verrucose ornamentation, and abundant gleoplerous hyphae. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and large subunit (nrLSU) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and the mitochondrial ATPase subunit 6 (atp6), also revealed that the position of G. thailandensis is well supported within the genus Gloeocantharellus, but distinct from other previously known Gloeocantharellus species. This is the first record of the genus in Thailand. Comprehensive descriptions, colour photographs, line-drawing illustrations, and comparisons with morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species are provided.
Nomenclatural update in Myrcia sect. Calyptranthes (Myrtaceae)
Authors: ALVARENGA BRAGA JOÃO MARCELO , JOFFILY ANA
Published: January 2024

N/A
Eddy–Internal Wave Interactions and Their Contribution to Cross-Scale Energy Fluxes: A Case Study in the California Current
Authors: Delpech Audrey , Barkan Roy , Srinivasan Kaushik , McWilliams James C. , Arbic Brian K. , Siyanbola Oladeji Q. , Buijsman Maarten C.
Published: January 2024

Oceanic mixing, mostly driven by the breaking of internal waves at small scales in the ocean interior, is of major importance for ocean circulation and the ocean response to future climate scenarios. Understanding how internal waves transfer their energy to smaller scales from their generation to their dissipation is therefore an important step for improving the representation of ocean mixing in climate models. In this study, the processes leading to cross-scale energy fluxes in the internal wave field are quantified using an original decomposition approach in a realistic numerical simulation of the California Current. We quantify the relative contribution of eddy–internal wave interactions and wave–wave interactions to these fluxes and show that eddy–internal wave interactions are more efficient than wave–wave interactions in the formation of the internal wave continuum spectrum. Carrying out twin numerical simulations, where we successively activate or deactivate one of the main internal wave forcing, we also show that eddy–near-inertial internal wave interactions are more efficient in the cross-scale energy transfer than eddy–tidal internal wave interactions. This results in the dissipation being dominated by the near-inertial internal waves over tidal internal waves. A companion study focuses on the role of stimulated cascade on the energy and enstrophy fluxes.
The Earliest Stages of Wind Wave Generation in the Open Sea
Authors: Cavaleri Luigi , Langodan Sabique , Pezzutto Paolo , Benetazzo Alvise
Published: January 2024

We have explored the earliest stages of wind wave generation in the open sea, from the first initial wavelets appearing on an otherwise flat surface or low, smooth undulations until the practically fully developed conditions for the very low range of wind speeds we have considered. We suggest the minimal wind speed for the appearance of the first wavelets to be close to 1.8 m s−1. The peculiar conditions associated with the development of coastal sea breezes allow us to consider the local waves as generated under time-limited conditions. The 2D spectra measured during these very early stages provide the first evidence of an active Phillips process generation in the field. After appearing in these very early stages, wavelets quickly disappear as soon as the developing wind waves take a leading role. We suggest that this process is due to the strong spatial gradients in the surface orbital velocity, which impedes the instability mechanism at the base of their formation, while at a later stage of development, these gradients decrease and wavelets reappear. On a decadal perspective, the progressive decrease of the intensity of the sea breezes in the northern Adriatic Sea, where we have carried out our measurements, is associated with the steadily milder winters, and therefore not sufficiently cold local sea temperatures in early summer.

Significance Statement

We have explored for the first time the earliest stages of wind wave generation (millimeter scale) in the open sea. This was possible with the combination of the daily sea breeze development and the availability of an oceanographic tower 15 km offshore. The minimum wind speed for wave generation was 1.8 m s−1, lower than previously assumed. The data provide strong indications on the different stages of the generation process, offering measured and visual evidence, under these very light wind conditions, of the Phillips one. The presence of wind-related ripples, essential for remote sensing measurements, turns out to be dependent on the stage of generation.
The Water-Following Performance of Various Lagrangian Surface Drifters Measured in a Dye Release Experiment
Authors: Pawlowicz Rich , Chavanne Cédric , Dumont Dany
Published: January 2024

Many different surface drifter designs have been developed recently to track near-surface ocean currents, but the degree to which these drifters slip through the water because of mechanisms associated with the wind is poorly known. In the 2020 Tracer Release Experiment (TReX), 19 drifters of eight different designs, both commercially available and home-built, were simultaneously released with a patch of rhodamine dye. The dye rapidly spread vertically through the mixed layer but also more slowly dispersed horizontally. Although winds were light, drifters moved downwind from the dye patch at speeds of 3–17 cm s−1 (0.6%–4% of wind speed) depending on the design type. Measurements were made of wind and ocean conditions, and these were incorporated into a boundary layer model at the air–sea interface to estimate complete velocity profiles above and below the surface. Then, a steady-state drag model is used with these profiles to successfully predict drifter slip. Drogued drifters (those with a subsurface drag element) can be affected by Eulerian shear in the upper 0.5 m of the water column, as well as the Stokes drift, but undrogued drifters are in addition greatly affected by direct wind drag, and possibly by resonant interactions with waves. The dye, cycling vertically in the mixed layer, is largely unaffected by all of these factors; therefore, even “perfect” surface drifters do not move with a mixed layer tracer.

Significance Statement

Surface drifters are used by oceanographers to measure ocean surface currents. However, different designs also slip downwind through the water at rates that are poorly known but are typically around a few percent of the wind speed. In 2020 we simultaneously deployed drifters of eight different designs along with rhodamine dye in a field experiment to see how well the different designs track the water. Here we independently and successfully model drifter slippage for the different designs. Slip factors are then estimated for a range of wind and ocean conditions.
An Observational Study on the Rapid Intensification of Typhoon Chanthu (2021) near the Complex Terrain of Taiwan
Authors: Fang Wei-Ting , Chang Pao-Liang , Yang Ming-Jen
Published: January 2024

Intensification of Typhoon Chanthu (2021) along the eastern coast of Taiwan was accompanied by pronounced asymmetry in eyewall convection dominated by wavenumber-1 features, as observed by a dense radar network in Taiwan. The maximum wind speed at 3-km altitude, retrieved from radar observations, exhibited a rapid increase of approximately 18 m s−1 within an 11-h period during the intensification stage, followed by a significant decrease of approximately 19 m s−1 within 8 h during the weakening stage. Namely, Chanthu underwent both rapid intensification (RI) and rapid weakening (RW) within the 24-h analyzed period, posing challenges for intensity forecasts. During the intensifying stages, the region of maximum eyewall convection asymmetry underwent a sudden cyclonic rotation from the eastern to the northern semicircle immediately after the initiation of terrain-induced boundary inflow from the south of the typhoon, as observed by surface station data. This abrupt rotation of eyewall asymmetry exhibited better agreement with radar-derived vertical wind shear (VWS) than that derived from global reanalysis data. This finding suggests that the meso-β-scale VWS is more representative for tropical cyclones than meso-α-scale VWS when the terrain-induced forcing predominates in the environmental conditions. Further examination of the radar-derived VWS indicated that the VWS profile pattern provided a more favorable environment for typhoon intensification. In summary, Chanthu’s RI was influenced by the three factors: 1) terrain-induced boundary inflow from the south of the typhoon, observed by surface station data; 2) low-level flow pointing toward the upshear-left direction; and 3) weak upper-level VWS.

Significance Statement

Tropical cyclone intensity change has been an important issue for both real-time operation and research, but the influence of terrain on intensity change has not been fully understood. Typhoon Chanthu (2021) underwent a significant intensity change near the complex terrain of Taiwan that was observed by a dense radar network. This study analyzes 24 h of radar and weather station data to investigate Chanthu’s evolution. The analyses indicate that the complex terrain affected the low-level flow near the TC. Such a change in flow pattern provided additional boundary inflow and a relatively favorable vertical wind shear pattern for TC intensification.
Book review: Meenakshi Thapan J. Krishnamurti, Educator for Peace Peacemakers
Authors: Jass Harpreet Kaur
Published: January 2024

Meenakshi Thapan J. Krishnamurti, Educator for Peace Peacemakers (Routledge, South Asian Edition, 2022), 115 pp., ₹995 (Reprint 2023).
Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Before and Twelve Months After Bariatric Surgery: Repeated Cross-sectional Study
Authors: ElBarazi Amani
Published: January 2024

Background:

Bariatric surgery (BS) is an effective therapy for those who are excessively obese. However, the consequences of surgery on mental health are still debatable. We aimed to investigate the patients’ depression, stress, and anxiety levels before and after BS at two different times: just before surgery and 12 months later.

Methods:

This is a repeated cross-sectional study. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to assess depression, anxiety, and stress levels.

Results:

There were 288 participants in the BS groups. Changes in anxiety, stress, and depressive symptoms over time were examined using generalised estimating equations models with repeated measurements per individual. Anxiety (incidence rate ratio [ IRR] = 1.2, p < .001) and stress (IRR = 0.86, p < .001) worsened, whereas depression ( IRR = –1.8, p < .001) improved significantly in 288 patients one year after BS.

Conclusions:

BS had significant impacts on obesity-associated mental health issues.
Gauging on the Performance of Top 1,000 Banks/G-SIBs/Investment Banks in the World via Rating Transition Matrices
Authors: Ramlall Indranarain
Published: January 2024

Despite the prevalence of commercial banks’ rankings by The Banker, yet, no research has been undertaken to gauge on the transitional performance of these banks. This study attempts to fulfil such a research gap by focusing on finer rating categories under an interval gap of 50 banks, a time horizon of one year under a full time spanning from 2010 to 2020. A novel technique is deployed, namely rating transition matrices (RTMs) to gauge on the transition of ratings of banks over time. Findings show that probabilities assigned to unchanged ratings are relatively more pronounced relative to those attached to changed ratings. Evidence is found as to most banks found in the list of the top 50 banks being able to preserve their rating category over a decade with COVID-19 entailing no major effects on their RTMs. Policy wise, the Financial Stability Board could consider the full list of top 50 banks as globally systemically important banks. Absence of leapfrogging in RTMs substantiates a rather ‘less intrusive’ nature of banking business in the world.
Overview of the Nexus Between Investor Sentiment-return Relation and its Antecedents: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Kamath Aditi N. , Shenoy Sandeep S. , Abhilash  , Subrahmanya Kumar N.  , Deekshitha
Published: January 2024

Investor sentiment is the irrational belief of investors leading to over and under-reaction of stock return. Though scholarly works are growing expeditiously in this domain, there is no consensus on the impact of investor sentiment on stock return in different markets. Given the paucity of literature in terms of a summary overview of the nexus between investor sentiment and stock return, this study aims to bridge this gap by re-examining investor sentiment’s impact on stock return in the global context. A total of 108 articles were retrieved from the Scopus database spanning from 2000 to 2022. To review the articles, the study employs Scientific Procedure and Rationales for Systematic Literature Review (SPAR-4-SLR) approach. The review reveals that there exists a significant positive effect during the short run. Furthermore, trading volume, social media, initial public offerings, consumer confidence, and closed-end fund discount are found to be the most frequently used proxies for investor sentiment. The review suggests investors to exercise caution while making short-term investment decisions due to strong sentiment-return relations in the short run. The study findings help policymakers and regulators to play a vital role during abnormal market conditions such as market crashes, financial crises and pandemic situations.