bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diferencias en el desempeño por dimensiones del índice global de innovación (GII), de los países según nivel de renta 2018
Authors: Mercado Mejia Menis , Angulo Pico Grace Margarita , Arraut Camargo Luis Carlos
Published: January 2021

El objetivo principal de este artículo, es verificar la existencia de diferencias inter-grupos de países según su nivel de renta, relacionadas con las dimensiones de insumos y productos de innovación de acuerdo con el GII. El enfoque de la presente investigación es cuantitativa y el método utilizado es inferencial correspondiente al análisis de varianza (ANOVA). El resultado principal de este análisis, fue comprobar empíricamente que existen diferencias inter-grupos de países, con relación a su desempeño en las dimensiones de input; mientras que se comprueba igualdad de medias para el desempeño en las dimensiones de output para los grupos de países de renta Media-baja y Baja.
Palabras clave: índice global de innovación; dimensiones de input; dimensiones de output; análisis de varianza; grupos de países según su nivel de renta.
La cooperación internacional para el desarrollo y la protección de los derechos de las personas LGTBI: un análisis comparado
Authors: Colina Martin Sergio
Published: January 2021

La Agenda 2030 ha establecido un marco consensuado de objetivos para todos los países que coloca en el centro del desarrollo sostenible la lucha contra las desigualdades, el fin de la discriminación y la construcción de sociedades más justas e inclusivas. Se propone un análisis comparado de las iniciativas desarrolladas por las principales agencias de cooperación para la protección y promoción de los derechos humanos de las personas LGTBI, con el objetivo de destacar buenas prácticas que permitan fortalecer este ámbito de trabajo en muchos casos aún incipiente o poco sistemático.
Palabras claves: Cooperación internacional; desarrollo; LGTBI; derechos humanos; agenda 2030; diversidad; inclusión.
Production and trade patterns in the world apple market
Authors: Vasylieva Natalia , James Harvey
Published: January 2021

Awareness of healthy food, population growth, increasing incomes, and urbanization raise the global demand for fruit, where the second position goes to apples. However, their supply is insufficient, implying the lost revenues and exacerbating nutritional food insecurity. To help growers, traders, and consumers cope with such a challenge, this research focused on revealing some world patterns in apple production and trade detailed by groups of countries, their capacities, and prices. The explored data on fresh and processed apples derived from the Food and Agriculture Organization Statistics. The methodological framework of the study engaged divisive hierarchical clustering, analysis of interval variation series, and inequality indicators. The research findings identified two major clusters of 50 out of 96 countries specialized in production and foreign sales of 83.2% and 76.9% of apples. The study outcome comparing fair trade via two triple histograms specified the prevailing deviations between –82% and 80% around farm gate apple prices in 47 exporting countries and the same between –83% and 83% in 46 importing countries. Based on the Gini coefficient, Ratio 20/20, and Hoover index, the accomplished evaluations quantified total disparity in apple trading by 13% to 40%, calculated misbalance between 20% of the top and bottom world traders, and grounded preferable market alignments ranged from 9% to 38%.
Differentiated approach to the choice of PPI in a patient with GERD in the practice of an outpatient (with a clinical case)
Authors: Pakhomova I. G. , Knorring G. Yu. , Kochegura T. N. , Pavlova E. Yu.
Published: January 2021

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a widespread disease. Despite the fact that different approaches to the treatment and prevention of recurrence of this disease have been developed, the number of patients with GERD, including refractory form of GERD, is only increasing. To date, well studied and described the possible links of the pathogenesis of this disease, which predetermine certain approaches to the treatment of various variants of GERD. Effective drug therapy of GERD includes the appointment of proton pump inhibitors (PPI). However, doctors are often faced with the problem of ineffective use of PPI in patients with GERD or with the so-called refractory form of GERD. The reasons for the ineffectiveness of therapy of PPI can be associated not only with the pathogenetic features of GERD and therapy, but also with the patient himself. Daily pH monitoring allows to determine the cause of the ineffectiveness of the treatment of PPI if the patient complies with all prescriptions. With ineffective acid suppression in the stomach, it is necessary to increase the dose of PPI or replace it. It is important to prescribe both effective and safe means of correcting the symptoms of GERD, and also take into account the possibility of long-term maintenance of remission when using them. These requirements are met by PPI, created in the form of enantiomers, having an improved pharmacokinetic profile. An example of this differentiated approach is dexlansoprazole, a law-converting monoisomer of lansoprazole with double release technology and the ability to maintain the antisecretory effect for a long time, which appeared relatively recently on the Russian pharmaceutical market. The use of this drug is presented in a clinical case.
Acne as a common extraintestinal manifestation of celiac disease. Treatment approaches
Authors: Ledentsova S. S. , Gulyaev N. I. , Sitkin S. I. , Seliverstov P. V.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. At present, global prevalence of celiac disease attracts increasingly greater attention of researchers. The study of its extraintestinal manifestations is a crucial task for early and timely diagnosis of the disease, as well as the identification of new risk groups. To date, there are only isolated publications concerning the study of celiac disease incidence in patients with acne. 

This topic is of particular interest since systemic retinoids with a hepatotoxic effect and antibiotics significantly affecting the intestinal microflora are the first-line drugs in the treatment of moderate and severe acne. Undoubtedly, these side effects influence on the course of acne in celiac patients. So, to prevent the complications of the treatment, it is necessary to search, develop and introduce into practice safe combinations, including drugs having a protective effect both for the intestinal microflora and for the liver. It is known that psyllium (Plantago ovata seed shells/Ispaghula husks) have similar effects.

Objective. To study the effect of psyllium on the tolerability and effectiveness of systemic therapy with isotretinoin and doxycycline in patients with moderate acne with celiac disease. Material and methods. We examined 65 patients with celiac disease suffering from moderate acne, who were randomized into two groups – group 1 (taking an antibiotic – doxycycline) and group 2 (taking a systemic retinoid – isotretinoin), then each group was divided into two subgroups A and B, depending on the prebiotic intake (powder of oval plantain seeds shells Plantago ovata Forssk (psyllium). The patients were followed up for 8 and 24 weeks, respectively. All patients received adjuvant topical therapy. In each group, a medical check-up was done before treatment, 2 months after the onset and then after the treatment completion.

Conclusion. Patients in both subgroups who received psyllium in addition to antibiotics and systemic retinoids treatment showed better results after treatment in terms of skin condition, overall health and quality of life.
Risk factors of the fungal urinary tract infections
Authors: Sturov N. V. , Popov S. V. , Shmelkov I. Yu.
Published: January 2021

The role of fungi as causative agents of infections is growing. In in-patients, especially at intensive care units, fungal infections might cause serious problems. Studies conducted over recent years shows an increase of fungi detection in urine in in-patients from 5,01 up to 10,63%. Most often, the appearance of fungi in the urine connected with contamination or colonization of the urinary tract. However, in immunocompromised patients, this could be the part of urinary tract infection and even of disseminated fungal process. Candida is the most common cause of fungal urinary tract infections. At the same time, the presence of Candida in urine (candiduria) not always comes with clinical signs of urethritis, cystitis and pyelonephritis. Detection of noCandida albicans agents in urine is increasing, new Candida species revealed are resistant to antifungal drugs so risk of complications is increasing. Recent researches reveal new mechanisms of how Candida interacts with the bacteria that cause urinary infections. The main mechanisms of Candida virulence factors are dimorphism, adhesion proteins — Als1-7,9 and Gls, invasion enzymes — phospholipase, Als3 and Ssa1, as well as enzymes that neutralize reactive oxygen species. The most significant risk factors of fungal urinary tract infection are the presence of a urinary catheter, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression and previous antibiotic intake. The study of the formation process of the cellular and immune response to Candida makes it possible to identify the main links in the pathogenesis of urinary tract candidiasis, as well as the main role of immunosuppression in the development of the disease.
Osteoporosis in women in menopause/postmenopause: what to do?
Authors: Kulchavenya E. V. , Treyvish L. S. , Prokudina V. V.
Published: January 2021

An analytical review of domestic and foreign literature on the problem of osteoporosis was performed, and the principles of the approach to diagnosis and treatment of this disease are described.

The probability of vertebral fracture should be assumed if there is a history of growth loss of 4 cm or more, the appearance of kyphosis in patients who received long-term therapy with glucocorticoids, with bone mineral density (BMD) less than 2.5 points In the treatment of patients with osteoporosis at the initial stage there is a tendency to limit oneself to non-drug measures, advising to change lifestyle and diet, to increase intake of vitamin D and calcium with food, to optimize physical activity. However, the main place in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women is occupied by medication therapy, which can reduce the risk of fractures by 70%: bisphosphonates, drugs derived from parathyroid hormone, denosumab and selective estrogen receptor modulators. It is advisable to start therapy with oral bisphosphonates in most cases. They are powerful inhibitors of bone resorption and act by reducing the activity of osteoclasts and increasing their apoptosis. In 2020, the patent protection period of the main original bisphosphonates expired and generics of Russian production appeared: Rezoviva (ibandronic acid 3 mg for intravenous injection once every 3 months) and Osteostatix (zoledronic acid 5 mg 100 ml solution for intravenous drip once a year). After 3–5 years of bisphosphonate treatment, treatment should be reconsidered. The risk of recurrent fractures should be reassessed after the injury occurs. The risk of new fractures increases in patients who stop treatment. Study results have recommended ibandronate as a first-line drug in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Studies comparing intermittent intravenous ibandronate administration with daily oral treatment in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis allowed to recommend intravenous ibandronate at a dose of 3 mg every 3 months as the preferred therapy.
Acute insomnia: experience of treatment with doxylamine
Authors: Romanov D. V. , Iuzbashian P. G.
Published: January 2021

Insomnia is a common clinical condition characterized by difficulty initiating and/or maintaining sleep. According to most epidemiological studies, about a third of adults (30–36%) report at least one symptom of insomnia, such as having difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep. Insomnia interferes with the full-fledged social and professional functioning of patients, forcing them to visit doctors more often, take sick leave. While therapeutic approaches are actively developed and discussed in chronic insomnia, acute insomnia due to the transient state and the tendency (in some cases) to spontaneous resolution often remains the subject of underdiagnosis and undrtreatment. Antihistamines that are non-addictive and have a narrower side-effect profile and are nonprescription drugs are an alternative in the pharmacological treatment of insomnia, especially secondary and transient insomnia, which is widespread in the population. Donormil (doxylamine succinate) is a blocker of H1-histamine receptors from the ethanolamine group. Donormil (doxylamine succinate) is a blocker of H1-histamine receptors from the ethanolamine group. Doxylamine is successfully used in both psychiatric and general medical practice, including dermatology, allergology, and gynecology.This article presents the clinical observation of a patient with acute insomnia arising in adjustment disorder and was accompanied by anxiety and mild conversion symptoms.. Donormil therapy during two weeks allowed to reduce acute insomnia: the time to fall asleep and the number of night awakenings decreased, cognitive impairment, distraction, and asthenia associated with insomnia reduced. No significant side effects were observed.
Evaluation of the efficacy of a vitamin B complex supplement in the combination treatment of lumbar radiculopathy
Authors: Maksimov Yu. N. , Khaibullina D. Kh. , Devlikamova F. I.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Radiculopathy is one of the causes of neuropathic pain. Among the causes of back pain, lumbar radiculopathy ranks second after non-specific musculoskeletal pain. Patients with radiculopathy have a marked decrease in the quality of life, a tendency to disability, which causes a large amount of diagnostic and therapeutic measures and associated economic losses. There is no unified view on the pathogenesis of radiculopathy, and the pain syndrome includes neuropathic and nociceptive components. The proposed treatment regimens for radiculopathy differ and are of a recommendatory nature.

The purpose of the retrospective observational study was to study the effectiveness of the drug Neurobion® in the complex therapy of radiculopathy.

Materials and methods. The study of outpatient records of 120 patients aged 25–65 years, suffering from lumbosacral radiculopathy was performed. The patients were divided into 2 groups and received basic therapy, which included NSAIDs, simple analgesics, muscle relaxants, and anticonvulsants. Patients of group 1 additionally received the drug Neurobion®.

Results and discussion. Faster regression of clinical manifestations was observed in group 1 patients. The results of treatment in group 1 patients were higher both in terms of subjective feelings and objective criteria. The presence of two medicinal forms of Neurobion® allows a personalized approach to the patient’s therapy

Conclusions. The use of the drug Neurobion® is pathogenetically justified in the treatment of radiculopathy, provides earlier positive dynamics of subjective feelings of patients and objective indicators, improves the quality of life, leads to shorter treatment periods, reducing economic costs. The effectiveness and good tolerability of the drug Neurobion® allow us to recommend it for inclusion in the complex therapy of radiculopathy.
Management of patients with painful diabetic neuropathy: clinical case report
Authors: Golovacheva V. A. , Golovacheva A. A.
Published: January 2021

Diabetic polyneuropathy is the most common neurological complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and may affect about half of all patients with diabetes. Timely diagnosis and treatment of DPN can prevent such serious complications as limb numbness, severe pain during the day and night, foot ulceration and suppuration, amputation of the foot or toes, disability and even death. The combined approach to the treatment of DPN is the most effective and includes glycemic control, diet, optimal hypoglycemic therapy, management of cardiovascular diseases, educational conversations with patients, psychological support in the form of consultations with a psychologist or psychotherapy, and sufficient pathogenetic and symptomatic drug therapy of DPN. A clinical case of managing a patient with T2DM, DPN and cardiovascular diseases is described in detail. The interdisciplinary approach was used to treat the patient, which included the use of drug and non-drug therapies. The drug therapy of diabetes was adjusted, and medications to treat cardiovascular diseases were prescribed. Pathogenetic therapy of DPN remains a highly controversial issue. Among the drugs that affect the pathogenetic mechanisms of DPN, careful consideration was given to B vitamins and alpha lipoic acid. In the presented clinical case report, the patient was prescribed a combination drug containing vitamins B1, B6 and B12 as a pathogenetic therapy of DPN. A high priority in the treatment of DM and DPN is placed on raising awareness among patients about the causes and prognosis of the disease. Most patients with diabetes and DPN have psychological problems, symptoms of anxiety and depression about the disease, catastrophization of existing symptoms, poor adherence to medication due to feelings of despair and thoughts of the disease as incurable. In view of above factors, psychological methods appear as effective in the treatment of patients with diabetes and DPN. The cognitive behavioural therapy was used in the described clinical case as a psychological method. The use of CBT improved the patient’s emotional state, increased his adherence to medications and lifestyle recommendations. A positive effect in the form of decreased severity of neuropathic and autonomic symptoms of DPN was observed in as little as 10 days after treatment. At follow-up Week 12, the patient’s condition continued to improve and his work capacity increased.
Experience of using double bronchodilation therapy in patients with COPD
Authors: Demko I. V. , Gordeeva N. V. , Kraposhina A. Yu. , Mamaeva M. G. , Soloveva I. A.
Published: January 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently one of the most socially significant diseases that leads to a significant decrease in the daily activity and productivity of patients, as well as their rapid invalidization. In this regard, its treatment remains the most important problem of medicine. Currently, the main goals of treatment of patients with COPD are: relief of symptoms, improvement of exercise tolerance, improvement of General health, prevention and effective treatment of complications, prevention and effective treatment of exacerbations, prevention of disease progression, and reduction of mortality. The article presents a clinical case from the practice of a patient with COPD who received olodaterol + Tiotropium bromide. In view of the patient’s low adherence to therapy, further progression of the disease was observed, which led to a significant violation of airway patency during spirometry, and a decrease in exercise tolerance. The patient was assigned a new representative of combined drugs with 24-hour action - Vilanterol + Umeclidinium 22/55 mcg, with a new method of drug delivery. After 6 months of therapy with Vilanterol + Umeclidinium, the patient’s exercise tolerance increased, lung function improved, and quality of life improved.
Topical issues of diagnostics, examination and treatment of patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia in different countries and continents
Authors: Salukhov V. V. , Kharitonov M. A. , Kryukov E. V. , Stepanova T. V. , Nikolaev A. V. , Rudakov Yu. V. , Bogomolov A. B. , Chugunov A. A.
Published: January 2021

The lack of effective etiotropic methods of treatment and prevention of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), which caused the pandemic in 2020, determines the relevance of the review of researches of medicines for etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy. Most patients are diagnosed with pneumonia, the disease is especially difficult in people with concomitant chronic diseases, since COVID-19 leads to their decompensation, which can lead to death. To assess risk factors for mortality, scientists are developing programs to transfer the patient to appropriate treatment in a timely manner. This article analyzes the clinical efficacy of various agents for etiotropic and pathogenetic treatment of a new coronavirus infection based on data from international researches. Etiotropic medicines used at the beginning of the pandemic did not show their effectiveness in reducing the duration of treatment, the development of death, and preventing the transition to the use of mechanical ventilation. There are described researches of vaccines against a new coronavirus infection, developed in the Russian Federation, the USA, Germany and the UK, which showed the greatest efficiency (more than 90%) in preventing COVID-19. The World Health Organization initiated the international clinical research SOLIDARITY, according to which all medicines participating in the trials have little or no effect on overall mortality, the onset of ventilation requirements and the length of hospital stay in hospitalized patients. Now, only systemic glucocorticosteroids have proven effective against severe and critical forms of COVID-19. Thus, effective etiotropic drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 have not been developing, however, an active search for these funds and the development of vaccines to prevent the incidence of coronavirus infection are underway.
Socio-Philosophical and Cultural Aspects of Human Activity in the Framework of Digital Reality
Authors: Zolotukhin Vladimir
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the socio-philosophical and cultural aspects of human activity in the conditions of forced interaction with information technologies and related socio-economic and psychological risks. On the one hand, there is a need to develop an information culture as one of the essential elements of the communicative interaction between various subjects of information space. On the other hand, ethnonational and other risks should be minimized, including the current situation of modern information diversity. The development of information technologies triggers new forms of criminal behavior, which shape a symbolic image of violence through manipulation and propaganda. The effectiveness of Internet crime prevention depends not only on the timeliness of the adoption of relevant legal acts, but also on the prompt response by state and law enforcement agencies to criminal activities in the information space. The new information infrastructure should be human-centered and aimed at realizing human potential and needs in order to improve the quality of life.
Responsibility for Exceeding the Vehicle Average Speed: Another Step away from Justice
Authors: Peraladov Andrey , Lichman Alexander
Published: January 2021

The present research featured optimization of the proof and its effect on the meaning and spirit of the law as in the case of administrative liability for exceeding the vehicle average speed. The authors describe the legal opinions of administrative bodies, courts, and prosecutors on the issue of exceeding the vehicle average speed registered by traffic cameras. The authors believe that it cannot be used as a basis for administrative liability since the concept of "vehicle average speed" is absent from the law. Moreover, it violates the presumption of innocence and imposes unfair burden of proof on the driver. The article introduces the difference between the calculation of the vehicle average speed and the proof of the body of an administrative offense. The proof should include the exact place and time of speeding, whereas the evidence for their determination should be admissible and relevant. Traffic cameras have too many disadvantages to be used for establishing the event of an administrative offense and bringing people to administrative sanctions.
Theoretical Justification of the Method Design of Information Security Systems in Virtual Environments and Cloud Platforms
Authors:   state unitary enterprise “Sistema”, Naschekin Pavel
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the article is to improve the efficiency of information security systems in conditions of high uncertainty of source data. Method: modeling of information security systems using fuzzy set theory, possibility theory, and theoretical computer science. The result: it is shown that the existing models and methods of designing information security systems do not fully reflect the specifics of information security systems as complex organizational and technical systems. The behavior of such systems reflects the dynamics of weakly structured processes characterized by a high degree of uncertainty due to unsteadiness, inaccuracy and insufficiency of observations, indistinctness and instability of trends. While the statistical (probabilistic) approach has obvious advantages and is widely recognized, its application is limited in the process of creating information security systems for such systems. The relevance of the scientific task of developing a methodology for designing information security systems in virtual environments and cloud platforms under conditions of high uncertainty is justified. The proposed theoretical justification is abstracted from specific types of cloud services and their placement models. The model of the security system is studied, which is represented by a hierarchy of security levels compared to the architecture of an information system that implements cloud services: a composition of hierarchically interconnected levels of virtual devices for processing, storing and/or transmitting data, hardware and/or software necessary for their operation. Using the main provisions of theoretical computer science, it is shown that the parameters for evaluating the effectiveness of security mechanisms are also applicable as parameters for evaluating neutralizable threats to information security. Theoretical substantiation of methods of designing of systems of information protection in virtualized environments and cloud platforms made it possible to offer calculation procedure of the semantic threshold preferences when choosing protection mechanisms, defined in neutralizing “a threat Model and a potential intruder information security” threats, to develop and apply in the process of designing public information systems the method of choice preferred defense mechanisms, neutralizing security threats information on security levels in the overall architecture of such systems.
Trust Model of Information Security of the Environment of Multi-Agent Robotic Systems
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Stepenkin Andrey
Published: January 2021

The capabilities of robotic systems are growing rapidly. The ways of operating such systems are increasing every day. Sensor networks, the Internet of Things, cyber-physical systems have similar properties as multi-agent robotic systems, which allows us to consider the approaches and methods of ensuring security used in them. Purpose of the article: improving the security of multi-agent systems in an uncontrolled environment, developing methods for assessing trust of the environment. Research methods: analysis of existing threat models for multi-agent robotic systems, as well as systems with similar properties: cyber-physical systems and the Internet of things. Analysis of the research results of existing approaches to ensuring the security of multi-agent systems. The results: an analysis of security threats and existing methods of ensuring security for robotic multi-agent systems, as well as systems with similar properties, was carried out. An extension for security methods based on trust and reputation has been developed, taking into account the operating environment of the system as part of information interaction. A method for localizing the subject of an external intruder in the environment is proposed.
Identification of the "Tor" Network https-Connection Version tls v1.3
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Lapshichyov Vitaly , Makarevich Oleg ,   Southern Federal University
Published: January 2021

Purpose of the study: compilation of a set of features that allow to detect and identify the establishment of a connection between the client and the anonymous network Tor in conditions of using encryption of the data stream using the TLS v1.3 protocol. Method: software analysis of the data flow, frequency methods, decomposition of the content of data packets according to their number, sequence, finding frames in a packet and sizes, a comparative method in point of different versions of the encryption protocol and resources making the connection were used. Results: a set of features of the Tor network connection established using TLS v1.3 encryption was compiled, allowing to detect and identify in the data stream a “handshake” between the client and the Tor network in order to legally block the connection; a comparative analysis of the data of the Tor network and the VKontakte social network during the establishment of an encrypted connection was carried out; studied and described the structure and differences of the “handshake” of the TLS protocols v1.2 and v1.3; the structure, size and arrangement of frames and data packets of the Tor network and a connection of other network type, both using TLS v1.3 encryption, has been revealed.
Natural Agents Modulating ACE-2: A Review of Compounds with Potential against SARS-CoV-2 Infections
Authors: Junior Arquimedes Gasparotto , Tolouei Sara Emília Lima , dos Reis Lívero Francislaine Aparecida , Gasparotto Francielli , Boeing Thaise , de Souza Priscila
Published: January 2021

One of the biggest challenges of public health worldwide is reducing the number of events and
deaths related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. The angiotensinconverting
enzyme 2 (ACE-2), a carboxypeptidase that degrades angiotensin II into angiotensin 1-7, has been
identified as a potent receptor for SARS-CoV-2. In the last decades, ACE inhibition has assumed a central role
in reducing cardiovascular and renal events. However, with the advent of COVID-19, attention has been turned
to ACE-2 as a possible target to reduce virus binding to different human cells. This review aims to discuss recent
developments related to the medicinal properties of natural compounds as ACE/ACE-2 inhibitors, which
should be highlighted in the future development of studies looking for modulators in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Data show that bioactive compounds isolated from several natural products act by inhibiting ACE/ACE-2,
which changes the entire axis of this system. Of the compounds addressed in this review, 7 phenolic compounds,
including quercetin, curcumin, naringenin, luteolin, hesperidin, mangiferin, and gallic acid showed
binding affinity with molecular ACE-2 target in silico, and 1, esculetin, decreased ACE-2 expression in vivo.
Regarding terpenoids and alkaloids, nimbin, withaferin A, andrographolide, zingiberene and, berberine,
piperine and thebaine, respectively, showed a binding affinity with molecular ACE-2 target in silico. These findings
reinforce the need for future preclinical and clinical studies on these compounds and specific inhibitory effects
on ACE-2 of all the other compounds described herein only as nonspecific ACE inhibitors. It is important
to mention that some natural compounds such as magnolol, resveratrol, rosmarinic acid, tanshinone IIA, and nicotine
have also demonstrated the potential to increase the activity or expression of ACE-2, and could therefore
aggravate SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Recent Advances of Genetic Resources, Genes and Genetic Approaches for Flooding Tolerance in Rice
Authors: Panda Debabrata , Barik Jijnasa , Sarkar Ramani K.
Published: January 2021

Flooding is one of the most hazardous natural disasters and a major stress constraint to
rice production throughout the world, which results in huge economic losses. The frequency and duration
of flooding is predicted to increase in near future as a result of global climate change. Breeding
of flooding tolerance in rice is a challenging task because of the complexity of the component
traits, screening technique, environmental factors and genetic interactions. A great progress has
been made during last two decades to find out the flooding tolerance mechanism in rice. An important
breakthrough in submergence research was achieved by the identification of major quantitative
trait locus (QTL) SUB1 in rice chromosomes that acts as the primary contributor for tolerance. This
enabled the use of marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) to transfer SUB1 QTL into popular varieties
which showed yield advantages in flood prone areas. However, SUB1 varieties are not always
tolerant to stagnant flooding and flooding during germination stage. So, gene pyramiding approach
can be used by combining several important traits to develop new breeding rice lines that confer tolerances
to different types of flooding. This review highlights the important germplasm/genetic resources
of rice to different types of flooding stress. A brief discussion on the genes and genetic
mechanism in rice exhibited to different types of flooding tolerance was discussed for the development
of flood tolerant rice variety. Further research on developing multiple stresses tolerant rice
can be achieved by combining SUB1 with other tolerance traits/genes for wider adaptation in the
rain-fed rice ecosystems.
Biomimetic Drug Delivery Systems Oriented by Biological Function in Tumor Targeting
Authors: Wang Rui , Sha Xianyi
Published: January 2021

The emergence of nanoscale drug delivery systems provides new opportunities for targeting
the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and has achieved excellent results. In recent years, with
the rise in the concept of intelligent drug delivery systems, the design and preparation of carriers
have become more and more complicated, which is not conducive to clinical transformation. Researchers
are gradually focused on biomimetic nanoscale drug delivery systems, trying to combine
the physicochemical properties of nanoscale carriers with the natural biological functions of endogenous
substances, so as to boost tumor targeting delivery. In this article, we first classify and introduce
biomimetic nanoscale drug delivery systems, and then emphasize their unique biological
functions. The biomimetic nanoscale drug delivery systems have the advantages of simple preparation,
powerful functions, and low immunogenicity, having a good application prospect.
Neural Correlates of Schizotypal Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging and EEG Studies
Authors: Attademo Luigi , Bernardini Francesco , Verdolini Norma
Published: January 2021

Background: :

Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is a cluster A personality disorder affecting 1.0% of the general population, characterised by disturbances in cognition and reality testing dimensions, affected regulation, and interpersonal function. SPD shares similar but attenuated phenomenological, genetic, and neurobiological abnormalities with schizophrenia (SCZ) and is described as part of schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Objective:

The aim of this work was to identify major neural correlates of SPD.

Methods:

This is a systematic review conducted according to PRISMA statement. The protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO - International prospective register of systematic reviews. The review was performed to summarise the most comprehensive and updated evidence on functional neuroimaging and neurophysiology findings obtained through different techniques (DW- MRI, DTI, PET, SPECT, fMRI, MRS, EEG) in individuals with SPD.

Results:

Of the 52 studies included in this review, 9 were on DW-MRI and DTI, 11 were on PET and SPECT, 11 were on fMRI and MRS, and 21 were on EEG. It was complex to synthesise all the functional abnormalities found in a single, unified, pathogenetic pathway, but a common theme emerged: the dysfunction of brain circuits including striatal, frontal, temporal, limbic regions (and their networks) together with a dysregulation along the dopaminergic pathways.

Conclusion:

Brain abnormalities in SPD are similar, but less marked, than those found in SCZ. Furthermore, different patterns of functional abnormalities in SPD and SCZ have been found, confirming the previous literature on the ‘presence’ of possible compensatory factors, protecting individuals with SPD from frank psychosis and providing diagnostic specificity.
Developments in Organocatalyzed C(Ar)- C(Ar) Bond formation Reactions Involving Single Electron Transfer Mechanism: An Overview
Authors: Yadav Lalit , Chaudhary Sandeep
Published: January 2021

The formation of new bonds through C-C bond formation is of utmost importance in the
synthesis of biologically privileged scaffolds and therapeutic drugs. In recent years, extensive efforts
has been done to improve the intermolecular and intramolecular cross-coupling reaction in the
simple, mild, efficient, economical, and eco-friendly manner via transition metal-free or organocatalytic
direct C-H bond activation methodology. The traditional cross-coupling era continuously
shifted to metal-free, organocatalytic, or metal-free cross-dehydrogenative coupling strategies to
fast-track the reactions and diminishing the typical purification processes. Therefore, recent advances
on the transition-metal-free, organocatalytic inter- and intra-molecular cross-coupling reactions
have been introduced and discussed in the present article. In view of the reaction mechanism,
organocatalytic cross-coupling reactions undergo through radical pathways, radical anionic intermediate
which is completely different from traditional transition metal-catalyzed reactions. The exploration
of transition metal-free organocatalyzed cross-couplings for direct C-H arylation of arenes
has grown significantly, thereby, improving the formation of a wide range of aryl-aryl /arylheteroaryl/
heteroaryl-heteroaryl compounds. In the survey, transition metal-free/organocatalytic
cross-coupling reactions showed a higher efficiency under simple and mild conditions than the
comparative transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. However, the higher regioselectivity
and chemoselectivity are still far ahead in organocatalytic cross-coupling reactions due to their
specific intrinsic mechanistic pathway. The tuning of many parameters such as oxidative states, ligands
coordination, and counter anions, etc., which results in the specific direct C-H functionalization
with flexible methodology are missing in the transition metal-free cross-coupling reactions.
The highly systematic transition metal-catalyzed chemistry is still playing a dominant role over
transition metal-free chemistry in organic synthesis. The organocatalyzed transition-metal-free conditions
should be more efficient, chemoselective, and regioselective for further potential development
and applications in organic synthesis. For the endless pursuit of sustainable chemistry and
green chemistry, such transition-metal-free/organocatalytic reactions should be never ceased. Additional
curious attention and interest have been developed so far, and chemists are showing their eagerness
and talents to uncover the hidden treasure of green chemistry. In this review article, we
highlighted the developments of various transition metal-free/organocatalytic C-H bond activation
reactions which further encourages the advancement in the development of sustainable C-C coupling
reactions and their further applications towards the synthesis of biologically privileged scaffolds
and drug molecules.
Part-of-Speech Tagging for Arabic Text using Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Al-Taani Ahmad T. , ALkhazaaleh Fadi A.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Part of Speech (POS) Tagging is a process of defining the suitable part of speech for each word in the given context such as defining if a word is a verb, a noun or a particle. POS tagging is an important preprocessing step in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications such as question answering, text summarization, and information retrieval.

Objective:

The performance of NLP applications depends on the accuracy of POS taggers since assigning right tags for the words in a sentence enables the application to work properly after tagging. Many approaches have been proposed for the Arabic language, but more investigations are needed to improve the efficiency of Arabic POS taggers.

Method:

In this study, we propose a supervised POS tagging system for the Arabic language using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithms (GA) as well as Hidden Markov Model (HMM). The tagging process is considered as an optimization problem and illustrated as a swarm which consists of group of particles. Each particle represents sequence of tags. The PSO algorithm is applied to find the best sequence of tags which represent the correct tags of the sentence. The genetic operators: crossover and mutation are used to find personal best, global best, and velocity of the PSO algorithm. HMM is used to find the fitness of particles in the swarm.

Results :

The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated on the KALIMAT dataset which consists of 18 million words and a tag set consists of 45 tags which covers all Arabic POS tags. The proposed tagger achieved an accuracy of 90.5%.

Conclusion:

Experimental results revealed that the proposed tagger achieved promising results compared to four existing approaches. Other approaches can identify only three tags: noun, verb and particle. Also, the accuracy for some tags are outperformed those achieved by other approaches.
Image of women in Novels by Okky Madasary
Authors: Setiawan Helmi , Efendi Anwar
Published: January 2021

This research is descriptive qualitative research using the feminist literary criticism approach. The subject of this research are three novels by Okky Madasari which are titled: 1) Maryam, 2) 86, and 3) Entrok. The technique of data collecting used in this research is to study the library read the note, conducted by reading carefully and repeated thoroughly and classifying the data obtained based on women’s image. Analyzing data in this research use the descriptive qualitative method. The research finding in the form of physical women’s image, the image of women’s psychic and the role of women consisting of domestic and public areas. Domestic roles include as a child, wife, and mother. The role of women in the public domain consists of the educator, economic, and social movement sectors.
Contraceptive Method Preferences of Women and Related Factors in Karabuk Province
Authors: EROGLU Semra , AZİZ Vusale , KILIÇ Fatma
Published: January 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the contraceptive choices of women in Karabuk between the ages of 15-49 and explore the factors affecting the contraceptive method preferences. Methods: A total of 2018 women who applied to Family Planning Polyclinic between January 2016 and 2018 were included in this study. Patients’ age, place of residence, education status, marital status, obstetric history, and family planning preferences were recorded. While evaluating the study data, percentage, average, and Chi-square test were used and p <0.05 was considered as the value of significance. Results: The mean age of the study group was 32.31 ± 7.78 (15-49) years. 84.5% of the participants used contraceptive methods and 27.6% of them were traditional and 56.9% were modern methods. The most used method was Intrauterine devices (IUD) with 32.2% and it was most preferred at the age of ≥25. The most used method under the age of 25 was the withdrawal method with 27.6 % (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The most frequently used contraceptive method in our region is the IUD which long-acting reversible method. Family planning is an important health service offered in all health institutions, especially in the primary health care centers for the prevention of unwanted pregnancies.
Oksitosin Düzeyi ile Postpartum Depresyon Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: ÇEVİK Ayseren , ALAN Sultan
Published: January 2021

Gebelik, doğum ve doğum sonrası dönemlerde fizyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyal yönden yaşanan değişimler, mental bozuklukların gelişmesine yol açabilmektedir. Doğum sonu dönemde en sık görülen, tedavi edilmesi anne ve bebek açısından oldukça önem taşıyan psikolojik rahatsızlık, postpartum depresyondur. Fiziksel/biyolojik, psikolojik, obstetrik, pediatrik ve sosyo-ekonomik durum, genetik etmenler ve hormonal değişimler postpartum depresyon için risk faktörleridir. Oksitosin hormonu, obstetrik etkilerinin yanı sıra bağlanma, mental sağlık ve davranışsal etkilere neden olduğu için, postpartum depresyonda oldukça önemlidir. Literatürde oksitosin düzeyi ile postpartum depresyon arasında bir ilişki olduğu bildirilmektedir. Oksitosin seviyelerinin prediktif bir biyobelirteç olarak kullanılmasının, erken tanı ve tedaviye olanak sunarak, postpartum depresyonun aile sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini en aza indirme konusunda faydalı bir yaklaşım olacağı düşünülmektedir.
LEGAL STATUS OF THE LANGUAGE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IN THE ARBITRATION PROCESS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   M.G.Gamzatov  CLL Construction management, Gamzatov M.G.
Published: January 2021

This article examines the current problems of the national language and the language of legal proceedings in the arbitration process of the Russian Federation. The author of the article draws attention to the legal status of the state language in the system of the arbitration process and regards it as a subtype of language for specific purposes. The author proposes the need to comply with the nature of public order and lingua lexfori should be taken into account when legalizing documents of foreign origin.
THE USE OF PUNISHMENT IN THE FORM OF FORCED LABOR AT THE PRESENT STAGE
Authors:   N.G. Abramova Pskov branch of the Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Abramova N.G. , Bosak E.E. ,   E.E. Bosak Pskov branch of the Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Oskolkov A.V. ,   A.V. Oskolkov Pskov branch of the Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia
Published: January 2021

In this article, through an analysis of scientific literature over the past three years, attention is drawn to the most discussed problematic aspects of the designation and execution of sentences in the form of forced labor at the present stage, which determined the relevance of the chosen topic. It is substantiated that the possibility of a court appointing forced labor as an independent form of punishment is fixed at the legislative level. It has been rightly noted that endowing persons convicted of forced labor with signs of a person who is competitive in the labor market will increase the chances of his positive employment. Thus, the effective serving of forced labor by convicts will ensure the realization of the right of victims to compensation for harm caused by a crime to them. The article clearly formulated proposals aimed at improving the institution of forced labor as a form of criminal punishment. The mechanisms that can be implemented as part of the execution of this type of criminal punishment are justified. The conclusion is drawn about the need for a criminal and criminal executive policy to improve remedies and the procedure for their practical application, taking into account previous domestic experience in the execution of other types of punishment.