bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of the 3-item What Engagement Looks Like (WELL) scale in patients with diabetes
Authors: Brodney Suzanne , Valentine K. D. , Fowler Floyd J. , Barry Michael J.
Published: July 2020

Background

Patients’ behaviors play a key role in chronic disease management, but how effective they are may depend on how engaged they feel. The objective was to develop a short measure of how much patients felt engaged in self-managing a chronic condition. Online test of a three-question series followed by a survey of physicians and their eligible diabetic patients. Physicians answered: 1) how well the physician thought the patient was managing his/her diabetes, and 2) how much effort the physician thought the patient was putting in. Each patient was mailed a survey that included three questions on self-management. Six hundred six patients from a national online consumer panel with diabetes or obesity, and 35 physicians from 3 primary care practices and a sample of 243 of their diabetic patients. Respondents were asked three questions about how much they thought their behavior could affect their health condition, how confident they were that they could do what was needed, and how involved they were in decisions about managing their condition. These items were summed to create a WELL score. Descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients were used to describe item relationships. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to predict how well the physician thought the patient was managing their diabetes and patient effort.

Results

Correlations among the three patient-reported items ranged from − 0.01 to 0.45. The WELL score was correlated with an existing measure of patient activation commitment (r = .43, p < 0.001) and found to be a significant predictor of physicians’ ratings of how much effort patients devoted to condition management (b = 0.02, p = 0.001, OR = 1.02) after adjusting for confounders. The WELL score didn’t predict physicians’ ratings of how effective patients were (b = 0.003, p = .526, OR = 1.004) after their A1c score had been taken into account.

Conclusion

Patients’ WELL scores predicted physicians’ ratings of patient effort in diabetes self-management.
Toxicity of cypermethrin and enzyme inhibitor synergists in red hairy caterpillar Amsacta albistriga (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)
Authors: Narayanan Mathiyazhagan , Ranganathan Muthusamy , Subramanian Shivakumar Muthugounder , Kumarasamy Suresh , Kandasamy Sabariswaran
Published: July 2020

Background

The frequent usage of broad-spectrum insecticides like cypermethrin in agriculture activities could lead to the development of resistance in insects like Amsacta albistriga.

Objectives

The present study was conducted to understand the toxicity of cypermethrin with and without a combination of three enzyme inhibitors (PBO, DEM, and TPP) on A. albistriga using a topical bioassay.

Methodology

The in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to understand the effect of three enzyme inhibitors such as piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and diethyl maleate (DEM) and triphenyl phosphate along with six different concentration of cypermethrin on the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), esterase (EST), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and mixed-function oxidase (MFO) of A. albistriga.

Results

Bioassay shows elevated LC50 for cypermethrin (63.32 ppm) whereas in a combination of PBO cypermethrin LC50 values were reduced into 12.039 ppm followed by TPP combination as 13.234 ppm. In vitro and in vivo inhibition analysis shows AChE inhibition by PBO P < 0.01, esterase inhibition by PBO, and TPP were less; GST inhibition by DEM was observed at P < 0.001. Native PAGE results revealed that the in vitro AChE isoenzyme inhibition could be possible by PBO synergism with cypermethrin in A. albistriga.

Conclusions

The overall results conclude that the PBO and TPP enzyme inhibitors could be fine synergist molecules when it mixed with cypermethrin insecticide to control and manage the insecticide-resistant Amsacta albistriga in the field.
Survey of rumen microbiota of domestic grazing yak during different growth stages revealed novel maturation patterns of four key microbial groups and their dynamic interactions
Authors: Guo Wei , Zhou Mi , Ma Tao , Bi Sisi , Wang Weiwei , Zhang Ying , Huang Xiaodan , Guan Le Luo , Long Ruijun
Published: July 2020

Background

The development and maturation of rumen microbiota across the lifetime of grazing yaks remain unexplored due to the varied lifestyles and feed types of yaks as well as the challenges of obtaining samples. In addition, the interactions among four different rumen microbial groups (bacteria, archaea, fungi and protozoa) in the rumen of yak are not well defined. In this study, the rumen microbiota of full-grazing yaks aged 7 days to 12 years old was assessed to determine the maturation patterns of these four microbial groups and the dynamic interactions among them during different growth stages.

Results

The rumen microbial groups (bacteria, archaea, protozoa and fungi) varied through the growth of yaks from neonatal (7 days) to adult (12 years), and the bacterial and archaeal groups were more sensitive to changes in growth stages compared to the two eukaryotic microbial groups. The age-discriminatory taxa within each microbial group were identified with the random forest model. Among them, Olsenella (bacteria), Group 10 sp., belonging to the family Methanomassiliicoccaceae (archaea), Orpinomyces (fungi), and Dasytricha (protozoa) contributed the most to discriminating the age of the rumen microbiota. Moreover, we found that the rumen archaea reached full maturation at 5 approximately years of age, and the other microbial groups matured between 5 and 8 years of age. The intra-interactions patterns and keystone species within each microbial group were identified by network analysis, and the inter-interactions among the four microbial groups changed with growth stage. Regarding the inter-interactions among the four microbial groups, taxa from bacteria and protozoa, including Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Prevotella 1, Trichostomatia, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 and Lachnospiraceae, were the keystone species in the network based on betweenness centrality scores.

Conclusions

This study depicted a comprehensive view of rumen microbiota changes in different growth stages of grazing yaks. The results revealed the unique microbiota maturation trajectory and the intra- and inter-interactions among bacteria, archaea, fungi and protozoa in the rumen of grazing yaks across the lifetime of yaks. The information obtained in this study is vital for the future development of strategies to manipulate rumen microbiota in grazing yaks for better growth and performance in the harsh Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau ecosystem.
Small signal stability analysis of stand-alone microgrid with composite load
Authors: Agrawal Rahul , Changan D. D. , Bodhe Anil
Published: July 2020

Microgrid concept provides suitable context for installing distributed generation resources and providing reliability and power quality for loads. During grid connected mode of microgrid, all stability issues are getting handled by main grid due to its sufficient inertia. But when islanding occurs, microgrid faces stability-related problems. This paper presents the state space model of isolated microgrid along with load dynamics. This paper investigates the effect of static load, induction motor type of dynamic load and composite load on the stability of the island microgrid. The paper also studies the effect of damping and inertia on the stability of the microgrid. The performance of the test system is evaluated using MATLAB simulation software. The present studies show that during the planning of the microgrid, effect of types of loads and load changes should be considered for stable operation of the system.
The Median Effective Dose of One Intravenous Bolus of Oxycodone for Postoperative Analgesia After Myomectomy and Hysterectomy With Local Ropivacaine Wound Infiltration: An Up–Down Dose-Finding Study
Authors: Yu Wantong , Wu Xiuying , Liu Lidan , Long Bo , Tian Yue , Ma Chenguang , Dong Yunxia
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:

Oxycodone has been shown to be an effective analgesic for early postoperative analgesia, especially for abdominal operations associated with severe visceral pain. However, the dose needed varies depending on the operation and application of multimodal analgesia, such as local ropivacaine wound infiltration. Therefore, we conducted this study to estimate the median effective dose (ED50) of oxycodone that provides analgesia for hysterectomy and myomectomy with local ropivacaine wound infiltration.

METHODS:

In this dose-finding study, the ED50 of oxycodone for postoperative analgesia was estimated separately for laparoscopic hysterectomy, transabdominal hysterectomy, laparoscopic myomectomy, and transabdominal myomectomy. We used the sequential allocation designed by Dixon. Trials were conducted simultaneously in the 4 surgical type groups. A predefined dose of oxycodone was injected 30 minutes before the end of the operation with an initial dose of 0.1 mg/kg. A series of trials were performed following the rule of a relative 10% increase in dose after inadequate analgesia and a relative 10% decrease in dose after adequate analgesia. The study was conducted until the collection of 7 crossover points was achieved. Local ropivacaine wound infiltration was administered during abdominal stitching. The mean blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR) were analyzed to assess the hemodynamic changes associated with oxycodone administration.

RESULTS:

A total of 113 patients were included in the estimation of ED50: 28 each in the laparoscopic hysterectomy group and transabdominal myomectomy group, 27 in the transabdominal hysterectomy group, and 30 in the laparoscopic myomectomy group. The estimated oxycodone ED50 (95% confidence interval [CI]) after laparoscopic hysterectomy, transabdominal hysterectomy, laparoscopic myomectomy, and transabdominal myomectomy was 0.060 mg/kg (0.053–0.068), 0.079 mg/kg (0.072–0.086), 0.060 mg/kg (0.051–0.071), and 0.092 mg/kg (0.086–0.098), respectively, for postoperative analgesia with local ropivacaine wound infiltration. The ED50 of oxycodone was different between laparoscopic surgeries and transabdominal surgeries (P < .001). The MBP and HR before and after oxycodone injection were different, regardless of surgical type.

CONCLUSIONS:

The oxycodone ED50 for postoperative analgesia was lower for laparoscopic hysterectomy (0.060 mg/kg) and laparoscopic myomectomy (0.060 mg/kg) than for transabdominal hysterectomy (0.079 mg/kg) and transabdominal myomectomy (0.092 mg/kg) when combined with local ropivacaine wound infiltration. A single intravenous injection of oxycodone is associated with an acceptable decrease in MBP and HR within a short time.
The Origins, Evolution, and Spread of Anesthesia Monitoring Standards: From Boston to Across the World
Authors: Pandya Aniket N. , Majid Sana Z. , Desai Manisha S.
Published: July 2020

In the mid-1980s, the anesthesia departments at hospitals affiliated with Harvard Medical School were faced with a challenge: mounting medical malpractice costs. Malpractice insurance was provided by the Controlled Risk Insurance Company (CRICO), a patient safety and medical malpractice insurance company owned by and providing service to the Harvard medical community. CRICO spearheaded an effort to reduce these costs and ultimately found a way to decrease the risks associated with anesthesia. Here, we chronicle events that led to the dramatic changes in medical practice that resulted from the activities of a small group of concerned anesthesiologists at Harvard-affiliated hospitals. We place these events in a historical perspective and explore how other specialties followed this example, and end with current strategies that minimize the risk associated with anesthesia.

We conducted interviews with principals who formulated original standards of patient monitoring. In addition, we consulted documents in the public domain and primary source material. Efforts of these pioneers resulted in the establishment of the seminal Harvard-based anesthesia monitoring standards for minimal monitoring. What followed was an unprecedented transformation of the entire field. After the implementation of these standards at Harvard-affiliated hospitals, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) adopted “Standards for Basic Anesthetic Monitoring” for use during the administration of all anesthetics in the United States. Other nations have since adopted similar guidelines and these practices have resulted in significant improvements in patient safety. Currently, we estimate mortality due to anesthesia in healthy patients to be 1:400,000—perhaps as much as 10 times lower since the early 1980s.

What began as an attempt to lower medical malpractice costs in a group of university hospitals became a worldwide effort that resulted in improvements in patient safety. Other specialties have adopted similar measures. Currently, an attitude and appreciation of safety are exemplified by several practices that include among others—the adherence to these patient safety guidelines, simulator training, the promulgation of standards and guidelines by ASA, and the use of a safety checklist before induction of anesthesia.
The Pediatric-Specific American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Score: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Ferrari Lynne , Leahy Izabela , Staffa Steven J. , Berry Jay G.
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:

When applied to the pediatric population, the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA-PS) classification has exhibited poor reliability due to its subjective and adult-focused definitions. This study was done to measure interrater agreement of a pediatric-adapted ASA-PS classification and to solicit multicenter perspectives to optimize the pediatric ASA-PS classification.

METHODS:

A prospective, mixed-methods study of 197 pediatric anesthesiologists from 13 academic pediatric hospitals in the United States, Europe, and Australia surveyed in May and July 2019. Participants assigned ASA-PS scores (I to V) for 15 pediatric cases with a heterogeneous mix of acute and chronic health conditions undergoing a variety of surgical and related procedures. Pediatric-adapted definitions of ASA-PS were provided. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess interrater reliability of ASA-PS scores. The ICC was estimated using 2-way mixed-effects modeling, accounting for multiple raters assigning scores for the same set of cases. Qualitative feedback on the pediatric-adapted ASA-PS classification was analyzed with line-by-line coding.

RESULTS:

The survey response rate was 83.8% (165 of 197). The ICC agreement among participants on ASA-PS scoring across all 15 clinical cases was 0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42–0.77). ICC did not vary significantly by years of anesthesiology practice. ICC varied across hospitals (range: 0.34; 95% CI, 0.12–0.63 to 0.79; 95% CI, 0.66–0.91). The highest level of agreement occurred with cases most often scored as ASA-PS I, IV, and V; the lowest agreement occurred with cases most often scored ASA-PS II and III. Clarification of how well a chronic condition was controlled and presence of an acute illness were 2 common themes suggested to optimize the validity of the pediatric-adapted ASA-PS definitions.

CONCLUSIONS:

The pediatric-adapted ASA-PS classification had moderate interrater reliability among pediatric anesthesiologists. The lower reliability of scoring for ASA-PS II and III cases, in particular, supports the need for further ASA-PS definition refinement for pediatric populations.
Value of SPECT/CT in the assessment of necrotic bone fragments in patients with delayed bone healing or non-union after traumatic fractures
Authors: Bhure Ujwal , Agten Christoph , Lehnick Dirk , Perez-Lago Maria del Sol , Beeres Frank , Link Björn-Christian , Strobel Klaus
Published: July 2020

Objective:

To evaluate the value of single-photon emission computed tomography / computed tomography (SPECT/CT) compared with planar bone scintigraphy (BS) in the assessment of necrotic bone fragments in patients with delayed bone healing or non-union after traumatic fractures.

Methods:

Retrospective evaluation of patients with traumatic fractures and suspected delayed healing or non-union and/or persistent pain or suspected infection who had undergone planar late phase BS and SPECT/CT between 2011 and 2018. On the BS and SPECT/CT images, a necrotic fragment was considered if there was an area of absent radiotracer uptake (photopenia) related to bone at the fracture site. Histology served as a reference standard (presence or absence of necrotic bone fragments). If histology was not available, intraoperative findings and combined clinical and imaging follow-up served as reference standards.

Results:

In 37 consecutive patients with traumatic fractures (femur (n = 18), tibia (11), humerus (6), radius (1), jaw (1)), necrotic bone fragments were suspected in 11 fractures (29.7%) on BS and in 16 fractures (43.2%) on SPECT/CT. 35 fractures (94.6%) had metallic implants. Histology showed necrotic fragments in 10/11 (90.9%) patients. For the detection of necrotic bone fragments, SPECT/CT showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of 100%, 95%, 94%, 100%, and 97%, respectively, and BS 67%, 95%, 91%, 81%, and 83%, respectively. SPECT/CT significantly outperformed BS with better area under curve (AUC) for SPECT/CT (0.9773) compared to planar imaging (0.8106) (p-value < 0.01).

Conclusions:

SPECT/CT is an accurate tool in the assessment of necrotic bone fragments in patients with delayed bone healing or non-union after traumatic bone fractures and is superior to conventional planar BS.

Advances in knowledge:

SPECT/CT is accurate and superior to planar BS in identification of necrotic bone fragments, responsible for delayed bone healing/non-union after fractures.
New evidence on the effectiveness of interventions in the foreign exchange market in Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Fernando Nascimento
Published: July 2020

This paper discusses the effectiveness in Brazil of the traditional instrument of exchange rate intervention (spot interventions) as well as an instrument based on exchange rate derivatives (foreign exchange swaps). We show that these instruments are capable of affecting the conditional mean of the process of the nominal exchange rate throughout our sample period, from January 2006 to April 2016. Our results are robust to different techniques of estimation (GMM in continuous time and in discrete time), specifications and sample periods.
Composite leading indicators of economic activity: An application to the upstream oil and gas industry in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Patrocínio Rafael Gonçalves , Colombo Jéfferson Augusto
Published: July 2020

This paper proposes a monthly composite leading indicator to anticipate turning points in the economic activity of the upstream oil and gas industry in Rio de Janeiro, from January 2002 to May 2019. Firstly, we build a database with 61 series, and categorize each of them into i) rapidly responsive to economic activities; ii) expectation-sensitive; or iii) prime movers indicators. Afterward, we remove the seasonality of the series through the X-13 ARIMA-SEATS method and use the Bry-Boschan algorithm to identify the cycles. Then, we evaluate the components’ fit to integrate the composite leading indicator through four statistical tests: cross-correlation, quadratic probability score, Granger causality, and probit. The assessment of the composite leading indicator demonstrates that it leads 67% of the peaks and 100% of the troughs in the target series (5/6 of the turning points). Furthermore, the average leading period is 8.4 months, while the median is 9 and the standard error is 2.8 months. We contribute to the literature by creating, to our knowledge, the first leading indicator for the oil and gas industry in Brazil.
Sportanthropological and sports traumatological aspects of women’s soccer
Authors: Voss Yvonne , Raschka Christoph
Published: July 2020

The aim of the study is to improve talent search, training methodology and injury prevention in women’s soccer. It analyses to what extent there are physical differences between top female soccer players (S) and a control group of sporty females (ff = fitness females). Furthermore, it examines whether differences in injuries can be identified between individual game positions (defense, midfield, forward, goalkeeper) and/or somatotypes. For this purpose, the anthropometric measurements of 233 top female soccer players (Ø 22 years old) and 40 fitness females (Ø 25 years old) who had been doing regular strength/endurance training twice a week for 2 years were statistically recorded, evaluated and used for determination of constitutional types according to Heath and Carter, Conrad and Knussmann and the AKS index according to Tittel and Wutscherk.

In addition, body fat percentage according to Siri and the body mass index (BMI) were calculated. For the sample of soccer players, the types of injuries (categories: cruciate ligament, other knee, ankle joint/foot, shoulder/torso/hip, other injuries) and injury frequency according to the game positions, somatotypes and various body mass indices were compared statistically. There were significant differences between the anthropometric measurements of pelvic circumference (S: 81.2 ± 4.3cm; ff: 95.7 ± 7.7 cm; p ≤ 0.001) and maximum femoral circumference (S: 54.1 ± 3.1 cm; ff: 51.1 ± 4.4 cm; p ≤ 0.001).

In terms of kinanthropometry, there were significant differences in the somatochart according to Heath and Carter [9] (S: 4/5/2; ff: 6/5/3), in the checkerboard pattern according to Conrad [3] (S: leptomorphic/hyperplastic; ff: metromorphic/hyperplastic) and in body fat percentage (S: 18.1 ± 2.1%; F: 25.0 ± 4.3%; p ≤ 0.001). The goalkeepers differed significantly from the field players with higher heights, lengths, sizes, higher body weight and a higher proportion of other injuries (e.g. hand, arm and head injuries). In constitutional terms, they differed only slightly from the field players. These appeared homogeneous in terms of body structure and injury mechanisms.
Q&A: highlighting careers, nurse-led work and innovation in cardiovascular nursing
Authors: Connolly Lauren
Published: July 2020

This month, we hear from Lauren Connolly, a cardiology clinical nurse specialist in transcatheter valves.
Impact of postgraduate study on healthcare professionals' academic and clinical practice
Authors: Holloway Samantha , Taylor Ann , Tombs Michal
Published: July 2020

Aims/Background

Existing literature in the healthcare setting indicates that individuals enter higher education, particularly postgraduate programmes, to gain in-depth knowledge of a subject area, with a view to improving their career opportunities. Evidence also suggests that, in addition to perceived career enhancement, individuals also report benefits such as personal growth and broadening of perspectives, which have helped their clinical practice. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of postgraduate study on healthcare professionals' academic practice and discuss the potential links to improvements in clinical practice.

Method

This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of graduates from a range of postgraduate healthcare programmes at one UK university. A survey comprising 18 questions was designed to explore perceptions of impact and was distributed to 962 graduates with a response rate of 9.81% (n=98).

Results

The majority of respondents were doctors (n=54, 55.1%), women (n=59, 60.2%), based within the UK (n=36, 36.7%) and had completed their programme between 2014 and 2016 (n=72, 73.4%). With regards to achievements in professional practice, participants felt more confident in relation to research and evaluating evidence. In relation to impact on clinical practice, improvements in multidisciplinary team working as well as increased confidence emerged as main themes.

Conclusions

Findings support existing evidence in relation to the importance of postgraduate study, which is able to instil an increased sense of confidence in graduates' ability. This was particularly related to having a better understanding of speciality-related evidence and its application in clinical practice. This is something that previous studies do not seem to have reported and may reflect the multiprofessional nature of many of the postgraduate programmes provided.
Nursing perceptions of the importance of blood glucose monitoring in hospital wards
Authors: Barmanray Rahul D , Rowan Lois M , Tsan Joshua , Dodds Agnes E , Long Karrie , Heinjus Denise , Kyi Mervyn , Fourlanos Spiros
Published: July 2020

Background/Aims

Diabetes mellitus is increasingly prevalent among hospital inpatients. Management requires regular blood glucose monitoring by nurses, yet research into nurse perceptions of glucose management importance is lacking.

Methods

A 5-point Likert-scale survey was administered to 718 nurses at an Australian tertiary centre. Nurses were predominantly from acute medical wards (57%) and in the first decade of their career (66%).

Results

The six tested aspects of glucose monitoring were perceived as important by the majority, but the importance of timely management of abnormal glucose was rated lower by clinical nurse educators (4.33 vs 4.70, P=0.019) and by nurses with 5 or more years of experience compared with first-year nurses. Both predictors remained significant following multivariable adjustment (educator status odds ratio 0.51, P=0.043, years of nursing experience odds ratio 0.84, P=0.018).

Conclusions

These findings imply that concurrent nurse (re-)education in glucose management should be considered in the design and implementation of future glucose management programmes.
How can we tackle malnutrition in patients discharged from hospital?
Authors: Harris Gemma
Published: July 2020

The UK is facing a malnutrition emergency in hospitals that will place further strain on the NHS if action is not taken and guidelines are not followed. The coronavirus pandemic is increasing the pressure to take action. Effectively identifying and managing malnutrition can improve lives and save money.
Revision of Leades Jacobi with the description of a new genus, Yamirrina gen. nov., and notes on the absence of Iolania Kirkaldy from Australia (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini)

Authors: LÖCKER BIRGIT
Published: July 2020

The transfer of two species renders Iolania Kirkaldy, 1902 absent from Australia and endemic to Hawaii. Iolania clypealis Muir, 1931 is transferred into Leades Jacobi, 1928, resulting in the new combination Leades clypealis (Muir). The new genus Yamirrina gen. nov. is created to accommodate Iolania vittipennis Muir, 1931, which leads to the new combination Yamirrina vittipennis (Muir). Another species, Yamirrina concolor sp. nov., is added to the genus. The hitherto monotypic genus Leades is revised, and with the addition of four new species, Leades grandis sp. nov., L. ginginensis sp. nov., L. centralis sp. nov., L. warro sp. nov., and with L. clypealis and L. rufinus Jacobi, 1928, Leades now contains six species in total. Leades and Yamirrina are endemic to Australia. Redescriptions are provided for Leades rufinus, L. clypealis and Y. vittipennis. Identification keys to the genera of Australian Cixiini, and to all species of Leades and Yamirrina, are presented and host plant relationships are discussed. Key words: Homoptera, Fulgoroidea, planthopper, south-west Australia, Hawaii, host plant
Color modification of ZnGa2O4:Yb3+,Er3+,Tm3+ upconversion phosphors with the doping of Sn4+ and Ge4+ ions
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Sun Kangning
Published: July 2020

Upconversion phosphors

Z

n

3

G

a

2

S

n

x

G

e

1
−
x

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8

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Y

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,

E

r

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+

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T

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were prepared by solid-state reaction with a subsequent thermal treatment at 1300°C. Under the excitation of a 980 nm laser, all phosphors produced blue emission at 477 nm, green emissions at 526 nm and 549 nm, and red emissions at 659 nm and 694 nm. The doping of

S

n

4
+

ions and

G

e

4
+

ions had no effect on the positions of upconversion emission peaks. However, the emission intensity changed in different degrees with different doping ions in the matrix. According to the basic theory of color-light, it is known that the color-light can be obtained by mixing a definite ratio of red, green, and blue emissions. Specifically, in the 980 nm light excitation, ZGO:Yb,Er,Tm phosphors show purplish pink luminescence, while ZGSO:Yb,Er,Tm show greenish blue luminescence, ZGGO:Yb,Er,Tm show purplish blue luminescence, and ZGGSO:Yb,Er,Tm show blue luminescence. In other words, doping

S

n

4
+

ions can move upconversion luminescence toward the green region, while doping

G

e

4
+

ions bend it toward the blue region. Adjusting the doping of

S

n

4
+

ions and

G

e

4
+

ions can obviously change the upconversion luminescent color. Besides, the upconversion luminescence of all as-prepared phosphors is visible to the naked eye without additional optical instruments.
Moving towards music: Viewing early years musical engagement through the lenses of movement, interaction, motivation, agency, identity and context
Authors: Lamont Alexandra
Published: July 2020

This article provides a broad overview of the theoretical approaches underpinning our understanding of early musical development, and considers how this sets the foundation for later development across the lifespan. Through a review of research evidence and theory, I argue for the importance of interaction in thinking about musical development: movement is at the heart of theories of development; interaction and synchrony form the foundation for music learning; and motivation, agency and identity shape patterns of early engagement with music. The importance of setting these activities in context is also emphasized: for parents, teachers and researchers to fully understand young children’s musical experiences, it is vital to consider the cultural contexts and histories of the musical materials, the listener and the situation, as well as how these interact.
Precarious living: The social origins of uncertainty
Authors: Lucas Casanova Mariana , Menezes Isabel , Coimbra Joaquim Luís , Lawthom Rebecca
Published: July 2020

This article argues that understanding uncertainty in contemporary societies and its psychosocial consequences is possible through a transdisciplinary perspective. This integrates sociological, psychological, economic and political dimensions. To address this, we offer a critical theoretical reflection that draws on diverse conceptual perspectives within the social sciences. In recent years, in psychological research, uncertainty has been mainly analysed as an intrapsychic phenomenon and as a psychological trait through the concept of (in)tolerance of uncertainty. In contrast, we argue for a psychosocial analysis of uncertainty, considering its socio-economic and political origins, thereby challenging its trait-like analysis. For example, we highlight the inputs of attachment theory for the understanding of uncertainty, connecting it to Marris’s thesis of an unequal distribution of uncertainty and of the power to cope with it (1996). This analysis of uncertainty integrates psychological dimensions with social ones within contemporary western societies, proposing the use of the concept of psychosocial uncertainty. The consequences of uncertainties impact upon employment, relationships and communities, where we can locate the social origins of depression, anxiety, distrust, victim-blaming or lack of cohesion in communities. Besides precarity at work, we now face precarious forms of living, endangering the fundamental processes of psychic and social individuation. Finally, we locate the social origins of uncertainty and its psychological consequences within the responsibilities of social sciences. Drawing on psychology, from social and community psychology to clinical and organizational psychology, we query the relationship between theory and practice. Underpinning this argument is an appreciation of Marris’s contribution to the construction of ‘politics of collaboration/association and reciprocity, as opposed to politics of disempowering uncertainty/dissociation’.
Los estudiantes venezolanos en España: un colectivo migratorio cualificado afectado por el conflicto
Authors: Del álamo Gómez Nuria , Trejo Peña Alma
Published: July 2020

Sin constituir un flujo destacado por motivos económicos, los venezolanos han sido una de las nacionalidades más numerosas entre los estudiantes extranjeros en España desde el año 2000. Sin embargo, tras la agudización de la crisis política, estos flujos con destino a España, han cambiado cualitativa y cuantitativamente. Así, mientras constituyen el colectivo más numeroso entre los solicitantes de asilo, los estudiantes disminuyen. Este artículo aborda las consecuencias del conflicto sobre este colectivo migratorio cualificado
Measurement of turbulence properties
Authors: Faragó Dávid , Bencs Péter
Published: July 2020

The aim of the research is to investigate anisotropic turbulence intensities, id est to investigate the distribution of Reynolds stresses and energy spectra in a square cross-section channel, downstream of a semi-active jet turbulence grid generating anisotropic turbulent airflow. In addition to the semi-active jet turbulence grid, another type of turbulence grid was developed and experimentally investigated. This grid contains vertical, flexible strips of aluminum (in this case, there are no perpendicular (horizontal) grid elements), which vibrate at a frequency depending on the velocity of the main airflow. Besides the investigation of the velocity- and turbulence intensity distributions, another main objective of the research is to measure the von Kármán energy spectrum when the turbulence cannot be considered isotropic. This aspiration of ours is justified by the knowledge gap present in the literature in this specific field. Monin has carried out a theoretical study to extend and generalize the von Kármán – Howarth isotropic principal stress equation to the anisotropic regime. The proposed new experimental work aims to provide a solid experimental background for verifying and validating the physical correctness of the Monin equation, which may result in a new theoretical understanding and perception of the major issues and the nature of anisotropic turbulence. Since the anisotropic energy spectra are expected to exhibit different characteristics from the isotropic Kolmogorov spectra, these new experimental results may contribute to the development of new anisotropic and engineering turbulence models that can be used in industrial applications.
Normal deformation and stress analysis of the tooth roots in case of different worm gear drives
Authors: Bodzás Sándor
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study is the comparative finite element analysis of the tooth roots of one tooth on worm-wheels having different geometries. Designing of various cylindrical worm gear drives is essential for the study where all of the input parameters are the same, only the number of thread on the worm is modified. Due to this modification the shape of the worm-wheels is different that is why dissimilar mechanical parameters will be received by the same load force. The creation of the CAD models is also important for the analysis.
Relationship between teachers' philosophical beliefs about education and their perceptions of school climate
Authors: Şahin Fatih
Published: July 2020

This study investigated the relationship between teachers' educational beliefs and their perceptions about school climate. The study was designed as a correlational survey model. The sample included 357 teachers working in the central districts of Van province in 2019-2020 academic year. "Educational Beliefs Scale" and "School Climate Scale" were used as data collection tools. Correlational and regression analyses were carried out to explore the relationships among the study variables. According to the results, teachers' beliefs about contemporary philosophical approaches were strong. In terms of teachers' perceptions of school climate, all scores were close to each other, but higher scores were found in directive and supportive school climates. Results concerning the relationship between education beliefs and school climate showed that teachers having progressivist and existentialist education beliefs saw their schools as more supportive and directive while teachers having a reconstructionist educational philosophy perceived their schools as more directive and restrictive. Teachers adopting a perennialist educational belief interestingly described their schools as more supportive, directive and intimate. As expected, teachers who follow essentialist beliefs in education regarded their schools as more restrictive in terms of climate. The results of the study indicated that teachers' philosophical beliefs about education were, although at a low level, a significant predictor of their perception of school climate.
An investigation of mathematical problem posing skills of gifted students
Authors: Erdoğan Fatma , Gül Neslihan
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to investigate the mathematical problem posing skills of gifted students. The participants of the study, designed as a case study, were 55 middle school students (20 sixth grade, 17 seventh grade, 18 eighth grade) who were studying at Science and Art Center in a city in the Eastern Anatolia region. Data were collected through a problem posing form which includes a semi-structured problem posing task in which the students were asked to make up three problems (easy, moderately difficult, and difficult) about three different figures given. The students’ responses to the problem posing task were analyzed with descriptive analysis method. Results showed that almost all of the problems posed by students were mathematical problems. Seventh and eighth-grade students posed more non-mathematical problems than sixth-grade students. Results also revealed that the students mostly posed extensive problems (related to further steps beyond the three given figures) in easy, moderately difficult and difficult tasks. Problem posing rates of the students with the level of difficulty that progresses hierarchically as desired were found to be quite low in the progression analysis of problems’ difficulty level.
International Welfare Spillovers of National Pension Schemes
Authors: Staveley-O’Carroll James , Staveley-O’Carroll Olena M.
Published: July 2020

We employ a two-country overlapping-generations model to explore the international dimension of household portfolio choices induced by the asymmetric provision of government-run pensions. We study the resulting patterns of risk-sharing and the corresponding welfare effects on both home and foreign agents. Introducing the defined benefits pay-as-you-go system at home increases the welfare of all other agents at the expense of the home workers and improves the degree of intergenerational risk sharing abroad. Conversely, a defined contributions system leads to welfare losses of both home cohorts accompanied by gains abroad, but does increase the extent of intergenerational risk sharing at home.
A FEM analysis of the settlement of a tall building situated on loess subsoil
Authors: Nepelski Krzysztof
Published: July 2020

In order to correctly model the behaviour of a building under load, it is necessary to take into account the displacement of the subsoil under the foundations. The subsoil is a material with typically non-linear behaviour. This paper presents an example of the modelling of a tall, 14-storey, building located in Lublin. The building was constructed on loess subsoil, with the use of a base slab. The subsoil lying directly beneath the foundations was described using the Modified Cam-Clay model, while the linear elastic perfectly plastic model with the Coulomb-Mohr failure criterion was used for the deeper subsoil. The parameters of the subsoil model were derived on the basis of the results of CPT soundings and laboratory oedometer tests. In numerical FEM analyses, the floors of the building were added in subsequent calculation steps, simulating the actual process of building construction. The results of the calculations involved the displacements taken in the subsequent calculation steps, which were compared with the displacements of 14 geodetic benchmarks placed in the slab.
An integrated petrophysical-based wedge modeling and thin bed AVO analysis for improved reservoir characterization of Zhujiang Formation, Huizhou sub-basin, China: A case study
Authors: Saeed Wasif , Zhang Hongbing , Guo Qiang , Ali Aamir , Azeem Tahir , Toqeer Muhammad , Munawar Muhammad Jawad , Hussain Mujahid
Published: July 2020

The main reservoir in Huizhou sub-basin is Zhujiang Formation of early Miocene age. The petrophysical analysis shows that the Zhujiang Formation contains thin carbonate intervals, which have good hydrocarbon potential. However, the accurate interpretation of thin carbonate intervals is always challenging as conventional seismic interpretation techniques do not provide much success in such cases. In this study, well logs, three-layer forward amplitude versus offset (AVO) model and the wedge model are integrated to analyze the effect of tuning thickness on AVO responses. It is observed that zones having a thickness greater than or equal to 15 m can be delineated with seismic data having a dominant frequency of more than 45 Hz. The results are also successfully verified by analyzing AVO attributes, i.e., intercept and gradient. The study will be helpful to enhance the characterization of thin reservoir intervals and minimize the risk of exploration in the Huizhou sub-basin, China.
The crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ2-4-(benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzenecarboxylato-κ2
N,O)-(μ2-4-(benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzenecarboxylato-κ3
N,O:O′)cadmium(II)]dihydrate, C28H22CdN4O6
Authors: Li Kai-Hui , Liu Chong
Published: July 2020

C28H22CdN4O6, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 8.8463(3) Å, b = 9.0275(3) Å, c = 15.6752(5) Å, α = 78.033(3)°, β = 88.988(3)°, γ = 84.843(3)°, V = 1219.66(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0333, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0732, T = 291 K.
Crystal structure of 1-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-4-benzyl-3-hydroxy-3,6-diphenylpiperazine-2,5-dione, C33H29N3O3
Authors: Li Ying Fen , Wei Xian , Bai Song , Lv Meng Lan
Published: July 2020

C33H29N3O3, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.1229(8) Å, b = 12.8851(13) Å, c = 15.0472(15) Å, α = 92.354(2)°, β = 103.338(2)°, γ = 91.502(2)°, V = 1341.7(2) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0364, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1074, T = 296(2) K.
Labor, Debt, and Reproduction: The Feminist Strike as a Revolution of Everyday Life
Authors: Cavallero Lucía
Published: July 2020

The international feminist strikes of 2017, 2018, and 2019 challenged the categories and imaginaries relating to what it means to disobey contemporary modes of exploitation. In this text, the author debates some of Joshua Clover’s theses from Riot. Strike. Riot. in light of feminist theories of the strike. She underscores the role that the reproductive sphere plays in the feminist strike while, at the same time, analyzing that sphere as a space for the expansion of contemporary forms of finance.
Eine Jobgarantie für Österreichs Langzeitarbeitslose
Authors: Picek Oliver
Published: July 2020

Seit einigen Jahren sind staatliche Programme zur direkten Beschäftigung langzeitarbeitsloser Menschen erneut Teil der wirtschaftspolitischen Agenda vieler europäischer Regierungen. Bisher erreichen diese bei Weitem nicht alle arbeitslosen Menschen, die Bedarf nach einem öffentlich geförderten Arbeitsplatz haben. Für Österreich schlage ich eine Weiterentwicklung der ehemaligen Aktion 20.000 in eine umfassendere Jobgarantie für Österreichs Langzeitarbeitslose vor. Durch sie erhält jede/r langzeitarbeitslose Bürger/in ein Angebot eines garantierten und staatlich finanzierten Arbeitsplatzes. Selbst bei (unrealistisch) maximaler Auslastung der Jobgarantie mit 150.000 Plätzen sind je nach durchschnittlichem Bruttogehalt 0,68 bis 1,34 Mrd. Euro an Finanzierung seitens des Bundesbudgets notwendig. Das entspricht 0,19 bis 0,36 Prozent des österreichischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts im Jahr 2017.
Vom „Global Village“ zur „Blackbox Society“? Digitale Identitäten und politische Kommunikation in Zeiten des Überwachungskapitalismus
Authors: Strauß Stefan
Published: July 2020

Digitization and social media have been changing political (mass-)communication significantly. The Cambridge Analytica data scandal underlines the strong ambivalence between political empowerment and polarization. Problems of filter bubbles, “fake news”, disinformation etc. increasingly challenge free political will formation and democracy. This paper explores how and why social media altered political communication in this respect and what role the toolbox of surveillance capitalism plays here. In the light of a structural transformation of the public it discusses how digital mass communication functions with the dynamics of social media. Based on the case of the Cambridge Analytica scandal, the paper reveals how digital identification practices, microtargeting and modern forms of persuasion marketing serve to create political impact by influencing political opinions and how this relates to mechanisms of propaganda. Finally, the paper argues for stricter regulation of political online communication and digital campaigning to counter populism.
BULK-FİLL KOMPOZİTLERDE KALINLIĞIN ARTIŞININ MİKROSERTLİK ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: ELİGÜZELOĞLU DALKILIÇ Evrim , ALKAN Fehime , DENİZ ARISU Hacer
Published: July 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı üç farklı ışık cihazı ile
polimerize edilen bulk-fill kompozitlerde, kalınlığın artışının mikrosertlik
üzerine etkisinin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler:İki farklı bulk-fill kompozit (Tetric Evo Ceram Bulk
Fill, X-trafil) ve bir adet akışkan bulk-fill kompozit (SDR) kullanıldı.
Kompozitler 1mm derinliğinde 5 mm çapında, dört metal kalıba yerleştirilerek
iki farklı LED ışık cihazı (Blue Phase
and Valo) ve bir adet
halojen ışık cihazı (Hilux) ile polimerize
edildi. Örnekler 24 saat 37°C’de  %100 nemli ortamda bekletildi. Vickers sertlik
ölçümleri 5 saniye 100 gr kuvvet uygulanarak yapıldı. Her örneğin hem üst hem
de alt yüzeyinden 3 ölçüm yapıldı. Elde edilen veriler 0.05 istatistik seviyede
analiz edildi. Bulgular:Hem üst hemde alt yüzeylerde bütün ışık cihazları ile
polimerize edilen X-tra fill diğer gruplara göre belirgin düzeyde yüksek
sertlik değerleri göstermiştir (p<0.05). SDR dışında ışık cihazlarındaki
farklılık kompozit gruplarının sertliğini değiştirmemiştir (p>0.05). Sadece
SDR, Blue phase ile polimerize edildiğinde diğer ışık cihazlarına göre daha
düşük sertik değerleri göstermiştir (p<0.05). Kompozit tabakaları ile
sertlik arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde, halojen ile polimerize edilen Tetric
Evo Ceram ve X-trafill kompozitlerin 1. ve 4. mm’de sertlikte belirgin düzeyde fark
gözlenmiştir (p<0.05). Halojen ile polimerize edilen SDR kompozit örneklerinde
fark tespit edilmemiştir (p>0.05).Sonuçlar: Kompozitlerin sertlikleri materyal, ışık cihazı ve
derinliğe bağlı olarak değişmektedirAnahtar Kelimeler: kompozit rezin,
dental ışık cihazları, sertlik testi
Apropiación de dispositivos móviles en educación: una experiencia de sistematización sobre uso pedagógico de TIC en tabletas
Authors: Pedraza Goyeneche Clara Esperanza , Amado Plata Olinda Flor , Munévar García Pablo Alexander
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo da cuenta de la experiencia de sistematización sobre un proyecto de uso pedagógico de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) con tabletas en el municipio de Pauna, departamento de Boyacá, Colombia. El alcance de dicha propuesta consistió en abordar, desde una perspectiva de cortepedagógico, didáctico y tecnológico, la pertinencia de apropiar los dispositivos móviles en la educación básica y media, en particular las tablets o tabletas. Dicho alcance permitió diseñar una estrategia de formación en m-learning que incluyó a docentes, estudiantes y padres de familia desde una perspectiva crítica, innovadora y creativa, bajo el Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP), como método que establece la ruta orientadora que trazó la estrategia de formación.