bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights into laryngeal Castleman disease: A comprehensive scoping review with a case study focus
Authors: Weiss Natalie , Candelo Estephania , Bridges Margaret , Rutt Amy
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Castleman disease (CD) refers to a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders, which rarely involves the larynx. Our goal in this study is to elucidate the clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, and treatment methods of laryngeal CD through a scoping review and the addition of a new case.

Methods

Due to limited existing literature, we employed a mixed methodology for review. First, we searched Google Scholar using terms related to laryngeal CD. Subsequently, we screened abstracts using Covidence, drawing from databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, and EMBASE. We shortlisted studies for data extraction, focusing on clinical presentations, diagnostics, and treatment methodologies. Finally, we described our additional case.

Results

Scoping review revealed five qualifying laryngeal CD articles. Presenting symptoms included dysphagia, hoarseness, and dyspnea. Diagnosis was always established through histopathologic analysis. Management included local excision or radiotherapy. In our additional case, a 71‐year‐old male with known CD presented with neck swelling, dysphagia, and dysphonia. Exam revealed lymphoid laryngeal and supraglottic hyperplasia and edema. Laryngeal symptoms improved with medical management of CD.

Discussion

Given the rarity of laryngeal CD, its identification and management can be a challenge. Practitioners should be aware of characteristic points in a CD patient's history, physical exam, imaging, and biopsies. Local excision of obstructive lymphoid tissue and radiation are the best‐supported therapies. This study aims to build toward improvements in accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment for laryngeal CD.
Causal associations between dietary factors with head and neck cancer: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xu Yali , Chen Guangui , Mao Min , Jiang Minqiong , Chen Jinhai , Ma Zhaoen
Published: January 2025

Objective

Although an association exists between dietary habits and head and neck cancer (HNC), the direct cause‐and‐effect connection remains elusive. Our objective was to investigate the causal associations between dietary factors and the likelihood of developing HNC.

Methods

Genome‐wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for dietary habits were screened from the UK Biobank, the OncoArray Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer consortium, and the FinnGen biobank for HNC. A two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was utilized to establish causality. The primary method of analysis was inverse variance weighting (IVW).

Results

Clear evidence of an inverse association existed between dried fruit intake and HNC in both cohorts (OncoArray consortium: IVW OR = 0.183; 95% CI, 0.037–0.915; p = .03864; FinnGen: IVW OR = 0.281; 95% CI, 0.115–0.688; p = .00547). In addition, fresh fruit (IVW‐mre OR = 0.066; 95% CI, 0.011–0.413; p = .00369), beef (IVW OR = 15.094; 95% CI, 1.950–116.853; p = .00934), and lamb/mutton intakes (IVW OR = 5.799; 95% CI, 1.044–32.200; p = .0448) were significantly associated with HNC in the OncoArray consortium cohort.

Conclusions

Dried fruit intake may be a protective factor against HNC. The association of fresh fruit and red meat intakes with HNC warrants careful interpretation. Additional studies are necessary to explore potential mechanisms for further evidence.

Level of evidence: III
Quantifying invasion dynamics: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction vs. droplet digital polymerase chain reaction in monitoring the alien invasive bloody‐red shrimp Hemimysis anomala and its interaction with perch in Lake Geneva
Authors: Melliti Sirine , Vautier Marine , Chardon Cécile , Jacquet Stéphan
Published: January 2025

Invasive alien species constitute a major threat to aquatic systems due to their potential impact on endemic biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, infrastructure, and possible sanitary issues. It is therefore crucial to obtain information on their presence, abundance, and distribution. The bloody‐red shrimp Hemimysis anomala, which originated from the Ponto‐Caspian area, has recently settled in Western European lakes, including Lake Geneva. Although divers have frequently reported the presence and development of this small crustacean over the last decade, no monitoring has yet been proposed. During a period of 2.5 yr, we tested and optimized an environmental deoxyribonucleic acid approach by comparing two polymerase chain reaction techniques, quantitative and digital droplet polymerase chain reaction, to assess the presence, abundance, and dynamics of the animal as well as that of a potential predator, the perch (Perca fluviatilis). We show and discuss the efficiency of the methods and reveal for the first time the seasonal dynamics of Hemimysis anomala at a selected site in Lake Geneva. We highlight, in agreement with diving observations, that the animal's abundance is high in winter and declines rapidly in early spring, concomitantly with temperature increase and perch presence.
A Maternal Loss‐of‐Function Variant in KHDC3L Gene Causes a Range of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Case Report
Authors: Anvar Zahra , Jafarpour Farnoosh , Jahromi Bahia Namavar , Riccio Andrea , Nasr‐Esfahani Mohammad Hossein , Cubellis Maria Vittoria
Published: January 2025

Background

The KHDC3L gene encodes a component of the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC). Biallelic mutations in this gene cause 5%–10% of biparental hydatidiform moles (BiHM), and a few maternal deletions in KHDC3L have been identified in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).

Method

In this study, we had a patient with a history of 10 pregnancy or neonatal losses, including spontaneous abortions, neonatal deaths, and molar pregnancy. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was performed for genetic diagnostic testing.

Results

We found a homozygous deleterious variant in the start codon of KHDC3L (c. 1A>G, p.M1V), which probably results in non‐translation or the production of a truncated protein.

Conclusion

This is the first report of a maternal loss‐of‐function variant in KHDC3L gene in a patient experiencing various types of pregnancy loss. This case report broadens the understanding of KHDC3L's pathogenic variants and phenotypic spectrum, consistent with its crucial role during human pre‐ and post‐implantation development.
Numerical Solution of Second‐Order Impulsive Differential Equations With Loadings Subject to Integral Boundary Conditions
Authors: Kadirbayeva Zhazira , Kadirbayeva Roza
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we present a computational method for solving the second‐order impulsive differential equations with loadings subject to integral boundary conditions based on the Dzhumabaev parametrization method. The idea of this method involves introducing additional parameters, reducing the original problem to solving a system of linear algebraic equations. The system's coefficients and right‐hand side are determined by solving Cauchy problems for ODEs and by calculating definite integrals. Four examples are provided to show the effectiveness and feasibility of the main results.
Design optimization of a 1‐D array of stemless plastic scintillation detectors
Authors: Aynehband Samaneh , Hill Ian G , Syme Alasdair
Published: January 2025

Background

A stemless plastic scintillation detector (SPSD) is composed of an organic plastic scintillator coupled to an organic photodiode. Previous research has shown that SPSDs are ideally suited to challenging dosimetry measurements such as output factors and profiles in small fields. Lacking from the current literature is a systematic effort to optimize the performance of the photodiode component of the detector. An optimized detector could permit a reduction in detector element size, thus improving spatial resolution without degradation of the signal to noise ratio values seen previously.

Purpose

SPSDs use an organic photodiode coupled to a plastic scintillator to measure ionizing radiation fields. The design retains the benefits of plastic scintillation detectors (energy and dose rate independence, no perturbation factors, etc.) but avoids the challenges of optical fiber‐based systems (Cerenkov radiation). In this work, the design of a 1‐dimensional array of SPSDs is optimized to maximize the measured signal.

Methods

ITO‐covered PET was etched using hydrochloric acid, and the substrate was cleaned. PEDOT: PSS and P3HT: PCBM (different weight ratios) were then applied to the substrate using spin‐coating. Finally, aluminum top electrodes were added using vacuum thermal evaporation to complete the fabrication process. The variables studied for the optimization included: spin coater's speed (i.e., film thickness), P3HT: PCBM ratio, solution concentration, and scintillator coating.

Results

Increasing the film thickness from ∼80 nm to ∼138 nm increased the measured signal by a factor of approximately 7.7. Changing the ratio of P3HT to PCBM from (1:1) to (4:1) resulted in approximately 3.5 times higher signal. Additionally, increasing the total concentration of the solution from 2% to 4% by weight ratio increased the signal by roughly a factor of 2.5 for a P3HT: PCBM ratio of 2:1. However, for a P3HT: PCBM ratio of 4:1, increased solution concentration reduced measured signals to approximately 1.7 times lower than normal concentration. Covering the air gaps of the etched scintillator with white paint resulted in a signal increase of about 2.2 times higher compared to black paint.

Conclusion

An optimization process was conducted to improve the signal output of the radiation detector, which consisted of a 1‐dimensional photodiode array combined with a scintillator. This approach has resulted in a sensitivity increase of about 24 times compared to the original sample prior to optimizing the fabrication parameters and scintillator's properties (∼0.02 nC/cGy vs. ∼0.5 nC/cGy). The most efficient device was found to have a weight ratio of (2:1) P3HT: PCBM and a total solution concentration of 4%. Additionally, using a scintillator painted white was found to produce superior outcomes compared to black paint.
Habitat‐based MRI radiomics to predict the origin of brain metastasis
Authors: Sun Yiyao , Wang Yan , Jiang Mingchen , Jia Wei , Chen Huanhuan , Wang Huan , Ding Yuqi , Wang Xiaoyu , Yang Chunna , Sun Bo , Zhao Peng , Jiang Wenyan
Published: January 2025

Background

This study aims to explore the value of habitat‐based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics for predicting the origin of brain metastasis (BM).

Purpose

To investigate whether habitat‐based radiomics can identify the metastatic tumor type of BM and whether an imaging‐based model that integrates the volume of peritumoral edema (VPE) can enhance predictive performance.

Methods

A primary cohort was developed with 384 patients from two centers, which comprises 734 BM lesions. An independent cohort was developed with 28 patients from a third center, which comprises 70 BM lesions. All patients underwent T1‐weighted contrast‐enhanced (T1CE) and T2‐weighted (T2W) MRI scans before treatment. Radiomics features were extracted from tumor active area (TAA) and peritumoral edema area (PEA) selected using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) to construct radiomics signatures (Rads). The Rads were further integrated with VPE to build combined models for predicting the metastatic type of BM. Performance of the models were assessed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

Rads derived from TAA and PEA both showed predictive power for identifying the origin of BM. The developed combined models generated the best performance in the training (AUCs, lung cancer [LC]/non‐lung cancer [NLC] vs. small cell lung cancer [SCLC]/non‐small cell lung cancer [NSCLC] vs. breast cancer [BC]/gastrointestinal cancer [GIC], 0.870 vs. 0.946 vs. 0.886), internal validation (area under the receiver operating characteristic curves [AUCs], LC/NLC vs. SCLC/NSCLC vs. BC/GIC, 0.786 vs. 0.863 vs. 0.836) and external validation (AUCs, LC /NLC vs. SCLC/NSCLC vs. BC/GIC, 0.805 vs. 0.877 vs. 0.774) cohort.

Conclusions

The developed habitat‐based radiomics models can effectively identify the metastatic tumor type of BM and may be considered as a potential preoperative basis for timely treatment planning.
Moderate‐To‐Vigorous Physical Activity Independent of Stationary Time Is Associated With Better Functional Outcomes Over Four‐Years in Individuals With or at Risk of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Halliwell Carson , O’Brien Myles , Moyer Rebecca
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Osteoarthritis is a progressive joint disease that causes pain and disability, impairing physical function. Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is recommended for knee osteoarthritis, while stationary time, independent of activity, may negatively impact health outcomes. We hypothesised that individuals with the highest MVPA and lowest stationary time would have better long‐term function compared to those with the lowest MVPA and highest stationary time, as well as those with high levels of both MVPA and stationary time.

Methods

Data included 442 participants, with an average age of 66‐years and 190‐females from the Osteoarthritis Initiative who wore accelerometers to assess MVPA and stationary time. Participants were grouped into tertiles of MVPA and stationary time normalised to total accelerometer wear time. The three groups were: highest activity, lowest stationary (HALS), highest activity, highest stationary (HAHS), and lowest activity, highest stationary (LAHS). Gait speed, the 400 m walk test, and five‐time repeated chair stand were assessed at baseline and four‐year follow‐up.

Results

Compared to the LAHS group, the HALS and HAHS groups had better performance in gait speed p < 0.001, d = 0.96–1.06, 400m walk time p < 0.001, d = 1.21–1.36, and five‐time repeated chair stand p < 0.001, d = 0.54–0.81 at baseline and four‐year follow‐up. No differences were found between the HALS and HAHS groups at either timepoint.

Conclusion

Higher levels of MVPA were associated with better lower‐limb functional outcomes in individuals with or at risk of knee osteoarthritis. Higher levels of stationary time do not negatively influence functional performance as long as higher numbers of MVPA levels (∼30 min/day) are achieved.
Free‐Space Diffraction and Interference in a Transformed Frame
Authors: Briggs John S.
Published: January 2025

For free propagation from a focus, the Hermite–Gauss wave functions of optics spread in space. In quantum mechanics, the Hermite–Gauss functions are referred to as the harmonic oscillator eigenfunctions. These functions are used here to describe the interference of wave packets. It has been shown that when transformed to a frame moving with the normal to the wave front trajectories, the Hermite–Gauss functions are constant up to a phase factor which is the Gouy phase. The Gouy phase itself assumes the role of proper space or time coordinate. Along the whole of such a trajectory, the space wave function is proportional to the wave number or momentum function. An arbitrary normalizable wave packet can be expanded using the Hermite–Gauss functions as a basis. As example, it is shown that in the transformed frame, a displaced Gaussian does not spread but rather becomes a coherent state. This allows a particularly simple representation of the Young's interference pattern from two or more slits.
Complications Following Surgical Management of Zenker Diverticulum: A Comparative Analysis of Endoscopic and Open Approaches
Authors: DeKloe Jefferson , Shing Samuel R. , Herzig Lia , Bertoni Dylan , Tibbetts Kathleen M.
Published: January 2025

Objective

We aim to explore the differences in complication rates in endoscopic versus open transcervical treatment of Zenker diverticulum.

Study Design

Retrospective Cohort Study from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2023.

Setting

Queries of the TriNetX database's United States Collaborative Network.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using patients ≥18 years old diagnosed with Zenker diverticulum selected from the TriNetX United States Collaborative Network. Patients undergoing open and endoscopic diverticulectomy between 2015 and 2023 were identified and divided into cohorts and propensity score matched by age, sex, race, ethnicity, and common comorbidities.

Results

Patients that underwent transcervical approach (n = 1033), when compared to patients that underwent endoscopic approach (n = 2182), had higher rates of dysphonia (odds ratio [OR]: 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47‐4.05; P = .001), long‐term enteral feeding access (OR: 3.08; 1.74‐5.46; P > .001), and infection (OR: 6.65; 3.50‐12.65; P > .001). No significant difference was found in rates of esophageal perforation (OR: 1.60; 0.93‐2.75; P = .087) or persistent postoperative dysphagia (OR: 1.03; 0.86‐1.23, P = .75). There was no significant difference in the number of patients receiving repeat diverticulectomy procedures (OR: 0.83; 0.58‐1.19; P = .314).

Conclusion

Based on analysis of a large healthcare database, endoscopic Zenker diverticulectomy is associated with rates of postoperative dysphonia, enteral feeding, and soft tissue infection. Both the open and endoscopic approaches offer relative advantages not captured by this population‐level analysis. Thus, judicious selection of patients based on comorbidities and anatomical factors is essential for optimizing outcomes.
Perioperative Caregiver Education Using Animated Videos for Pediatric Tonsillectomy: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Roy Catherine F. , Turkdogan Sena , Nguyen Lily H.P. , McHugh Tobial , Daniel Sam J. , Yeung Jeffrey C.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Information technologies may enhance our traditional perioperative teaching by providing more comprehensive information beyond the clinical visit. This quality improvement study aims to assess whether the implementation of an animated surgical video improves caregiver satisfaction for children undergoing adenotonsillectomy.

Study Design

Prospective, single‐blinded randomized‐controlled trial was conducted between March 1 and October 1, 2023.

Setting

Tertiary care academic pediatric hospital.

Methods

A consecutive series of patients and their primary caregivers were randomly allocated to either the control arm, in which they received traditional patient education, or the intervention arm, additionally gaining access to the multimedia platform summarizing the surgical pathway for an adenotonsillectomy. Outcomes included caregiver satisfaction using the Care Transitions Measures (CTM‐15) questionnaire, resource utilization, and qualitative feedback analysis.

Results

A total of 100 patients (50 in each arm) completed the postintervention questionnaires (mean age 5.2 ± 3.0 years, female:male: 9:10) after undergoing an adenoidectomy (N = 28), tonsillectomy (N = 3), or both (N = 69). CTM‐15 scores were high in both groups, with no observed difference between the intervention and control groups 85.82 12.91 versus 85.41 16.21, respectively, P = .89). Unplanned postoperative visits were comparable between groups, however, caregivers in the intervention arm were less likely to call a medical professional on more than 1 occasion postoperatively (16% vs 2%, P = .042). Most caregivers within the intervention arm agreed that the animated platform was interesting (94%) and useful (98%).

Conclusion

Animated surgical guides are an alluring complementary modality to standard clinician‐led teaching and may help reduce perioperative resource utilization.
Investigation of Third Window Symptoms in Patients With Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct: A Pilot Study
Authors: Noij Kimberley S. , Huang Emily Y. , Samaha Nadia L. , Walsh Jonathan M. , Ward Bryan K. , Carey John P. , Jenks Carolyn M.
Published: January 2025

Objective

To assess if patients with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) experience symptoms characteristic of other third mobile window disorders such as superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS).

Study design

Cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Tertiary care center.

Methods

Adult and pediatric patients with EVA were screened. Patients with additional middle or inner ear pathology were excluded. The included patients and parents of pediatric patients were asked to complete a survey regarding symptoms, including autophony, hyperacusis, and sound‐ and pressure induced dizziness.

Results

Of the 121 patients who met inclusion criteria, 36 patients and parents completed the questionnaire (15 children and 21 adults). Adult EVA patients appeared to suffer from similar rates of hyperacusis (67%), autophony (52%), pressure induced dizziness (38%), ear fullness (62%), and spontaneous dizziness or vertigo (67%) compared to reported rates among SCDS patients. Children with EVA also appeared to have similar rates of hyperacusis (67%), ear fullness (47%), and spontaneous dizziness or vertigo (40%), while pressure induced dizziness (13%) and autophony (20%) seem less common in children and sound induced dizziness appears less common in both children and adults (13% and 14% respectively).

Conclusion

This is the first study investigating the prevalence of typical third‐window symptoms in patients with EVA. We found an overlap in the prevalence of several specific and nonspecific third window symptoms for patients with EVA and SCDS.
Methodological description of knowledge translation: Implementation of clinical practice guidelines into clinical practice
Authors: Campione Elizabeth , Wampler Meredith , Newell Alaina
Published: January 2025

This methodological paper explores the intricacies of implementing evidence‐based medicine in the health care sector specifically focusing on the clinical practice guideline (CPG) published by the American Physical Therapy Association's Academy of Oncologic Physical Therapy for diagnosing upper quadrant lymphedema secondary to cancer (diagnosis CPG). Although CPGs are widely available, their implementation into clinical practice remains inconsistent, slow, and complex. To address this challenge, this paper employs the Knowledge‐to‐Action framework, offering a detailed description of the seven stages through the lens of an in‐progress case study on the implementation of the diagnosis CPG. This paper underscores the important role of knowledge translation in identifying both barriers and facilitators to effective CPG implementation. Through targeted strategies, such as stakeholder engagement and adaptation of interventions, this paper offers a framework for aligning clinical practice with evidence‐based recommendations to improve overall workflow and improved patient outcomes.
Visible GeV ALP from TeV Vector‐Like Leptons
Authors: de Giorgi Arturo , Zamoro Marta Fuentes , Merlo Luca
Published: January 2025

A model is presented where a GeV axion‐like‐particle (ALP) is predicted in a large portion of the parameter space due to the presence of explicit Peccei–Quinn (PQ) symmetry‐breaking terms in an exotic leptonic sector. The latter provides a solution to the muon anomaly, within the framework of the Linear Seesaw neutrino mechanism. The spectrum is extended by a complex scalar singlet only transforming under the PQ symmetry, which generates the ALP. Its couplings with fermions can continuously span over many orders of magnitude, which constitutes a specific feature of this model in contrast to generic ultraviolet constructions. Interestingly, these couplings are suppressed by the ALP characteristic scale that can be as low as the TeV scale, which represents a novel feature of the model and opens up to several phenomenological consequences.
Bioinformatics perspectives on transcriptomics: A comprehensive review of bulk and single‐cell RNA sequencing analyses
Authors: Tzec‐Interián Jorge A. , González‐Padilla Daianna , Góngora‐Castillo Elsa B.
Published: January 2025

The transcriptome, the complete set of RNA molecules within a cell, plays a critical role in regulating physiological processes. The advent of RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) facilitated by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies, has revolutionized transcriptome research, providing unique insights into gene expression dynamics. This powerful strategy can be applied at both bulk tissue and single‐cell levels. Bulk RNA‐seq provides a gene expression profile within a tissue sample. Conversely, single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) offers resolution at the cellular level, allowing the uncovering of cellular heterogeneity, identification of rare cell types, and distinction between distinct cell populations. As computational tools, machine learning techniques, and NGS sequencing platforms continue to evolve, the field of transcriptome research is poised for significant advancements. Therefore, to fully harness this potential, a comprehensive understanding of bulk RNA‐seq and scRNA‐seq technologies, including their advantages, limitations, and computational considerations, is crucial. This review provides a systematic comparison of the computational processes involved in both RNA‐seq and scRNA‐seq, highlighting their fundamental principles, applications, strengths, and limitations, while outlining future directions in transcriptome research.
Effect of fertilizer–air‐coupled drip irrigation on soil microbial carbon and nitrogen cycling functions
Authors: Ma Jiaying , Wen Yue , Ma Zhanli , Liu Jian , Wei Chilin , Zhang Jingzhu , Wang Zhenhua
Published: January 2025

To mitigate water shortages, mulched drip irrigation disrupts soil‐air gas exchange, disturbing the balance between gas production and diffusion in the soil. This study explored the effects of nitrogen (N) application and aerated irrigation on the soil microenvironment, greenhouse gas emissions in the root zone, and processing tomato yields. The objective was to offer a theoretical framework and scientific evidence to guide fertilization practices, improve the soil microenvironment, and enhance crop productivity, especially under aerated irrigation. Two irrigation methods (non‐aerated [A0] and aerated [A1]) and two N rates (150 kg·hm⁻2 [N1] and 270 kg·hm⁻2 [N2]) were tested. Results showed that aerated irrigation increased soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), and ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺‐N), while N application enriched soil nitrogen content. Both aeration and N application elevated N₂O and CH₄ emissions. Path analysis revealed that fertilization‐coupled drip irrigation indirectly influences carbon‐nitrogen cycling genes by altering soil nutrient levels, affecting greenhouse gas emissions. Soil nutrients and functional gene abundance directly impacted yield, with nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻‐N) showing the most substantial direct effect on processing tomato yield (direct path coefficient = −1.047***). Under A1N2 (aerated irrigation with 270 kg hm⁻2 N), soil nutrient levels improved (total carbon: 25.19 g·kg−1, SOC: 18.25 g·kg−1, DOC: 93.65 mg·kg−1, TN: 0.97 g·kg−1, NH₄⁺‐N: 2.64 mg·kg−1, and NO₃⁻‐N: 1.18 mg·kg−1), resulting in a yield of 32.05 t hm⁻2, a 23.69% increase over increase over A0N1. Aerated irrigation combined with moderate nitrogen application is recommended for sustainable production to enhance soil fertility and crop yields. However, mitigation strategies such as nitrification inhibitors or optimized irrigation schedules should be employed to minimize greenhouse gas emissions.
Cellulose‐Supported SnW(S,O)4 Bimetal Sulfo‐Oxide Catalysts for the Catalytic Reduction of Pollutants in the Dark
Authors: Liu Ben , Wu Binghong , Chen Lianghui , Zhang Xinxin , Lin Jinguo , Chen Xiaoyun
Published: January 2025

In this paper, cellulose‐supported SnW(S,O)4 bimetal sulfo‐oxide catalysts (labeled as SnWSO‐C or SW@C) with exceptional catalytic performance in the reduction of MB, RhB, and Cr(VI) in the presence of NaBH4 under dark conditions were synthesized via an in‐situ hydrolysis method. The cellulose‐supported catalyst system with diverse tree species of Pinus massoniana (Pm), Populus tomentosa Carrière (Ptc), Rice hull (Rh), Phyllostachys edulis (Pe) was investigated. The 100 mL solutions of MB (20 ppm), RhB (50 ppm), and Cr(VI) (50 ppm) were completely reduced by SW@Cotton, SW@Pe, SW@Rh, SW@Ptc, and SW@Pm within 10, 7, 13, 4, and 4 min for MB; 7, 7, 8, 10, and 4 min for RhB; and 5, 8, 10, 10, and 8 min for Cr(VI), respectively. Among them, SW@Pe catalyst exhibits the highest catalytic reduction efficiency and excellent stability, maintaining a removal rate of 96% after six cycles. The superior catalytic reduction performance was attributed the unique properties of Phyllostachys edulis cellulose, characterized by low crystallinity (53.25%), minimal ash content (0.15%), and the lowest degree of polymerization (1267). These features facilitated the improved dispersion of the SnWSO bimetal sulfo‐oxide, leading to smaller crystal size, lower electrochemical impedance (2.24 Ω), and a larger electrochemically active surface area (21.86 mF/cm2). This study demonstrates the potential of cellulose‐supported bimetal sulfo‐oxide catalysts for wastewater treatment, which is significant for advancing future research on environmental pollution management using biomass‐based materials.
A Comprehensive Review on the Synthesis and Therapeutic Potential of Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) Nanoparticles
Authors: Arora Kishika , Ledwani Lalita , Komal
Published: January 2025

The field of nanotechnology is witnessing a remarkable surge in research and applications across various domains, showcasing exponential growth. Considerable progress has been made in the advancement of novel techniques for the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with enhanced features. Within this realm, spinel nanoferrites have gained remarkable attention due to their significant characteristics, such as increased magnetic responsiveness, improved stability in biological environments, ease of synthesis, and enhanced surface modification capabilitiesmaking them highly applicable in diverse domains. Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles are considered one of the most investigated MNPs within this range. Owing to their distinct physical, chemical, and magnetic properties, CoFe₂O₄ NPs have emerged as potential candidates in the realm of biomedical applications, highlighting their suitability for innovative healthcare solutions. For a considerable period, the limited effectiveness of current cancer treatment methods such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy has posed many challenges and side effects. This prompted the need for the development of new technologies by incorporating various functional nanomaterials that showed substantial efficacy as effective strategies for treating cancer. This comprehensive review, therefore, introduces the prominent methods for synthesizing these ferrites and significant biomedical applications, particularly focusing on the anticancerand antibacterial properties exhibited by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles.
Freestanding Wide‐Bandgap Semiconductors Nanomembrane from 2D to 3D Materials and Their Applications
Authors: Kim Seung‐Il , Moon Ji‐Yun , Bae Sanggeun , Xu Zhihao , Meng Yuan , Park Ji‐Won , Lee Jae‐Hyun , Bae Sang‐Hoon
Published: January 2025

Wide‐bandgap semiconductors (WBGS) with energy bandgaps larger than 3.4 eV for GaN and 3.2 eV for SiC have gained attention for their superior electrical and thermal properties, which enable high‐power, high‐frequency, and harsh‐environment devices beyond the capabilities of conventional semiconductors. Pushing the potential of WBGS boundaries, current research is redefining the field by broadening the material landscape and pioneering sophisticated synthesis techniques tailored for state‐of‐the‐art device architectures. Efforts include the growth of freestanding nanomembranes, the leveraging of unique interfaces such as van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure, and the integration of 2D with 3D materials. This review covers recent advances in the synthesis and applications of freestanding WBGS nanomembranes, from 2D to 3D materials. Growth techniques for WBGS, such as liquid metal and epitaxial methods with vdW interfaces, are discussed, and the role of layer lift‐off processes for producing freestanding nanomembranes is investigated. The review further delves into electronic devices, including field‐effect transistors and high‐electron‐mobility transistors, and optoelectronic devices, such as photodetectors and light‐emitting diodes, enabled by freestanding WBGS nanomembranes. Finally, this review explores new avenues for research, highlighting emerging opportunities and addressing key challenges that will shape the future of the field.
Rapid Amplification and Detection of Single‐Stranded Nucleic Acids for Point‐of‐Care Diagnosis
Authors: Fu Jinglin , Zhang Qiaochu , Liu Shiming , Puyat Derek , Shah Akshay , Ebrahimimojarad Alireza , Oh Sung Won
Published: January 2025

Nucleic acid detection plays a crucial role in various applications, including disease diagnostics, research development, food safety, and environmental health monitoring. A rapid, point‐of‐care (POC) nucleic acid test can greatly benefit healthcare system by providing timely diagnosis for effective treatment and patient management, as well as supporting diseases surveillance for emerging pandemic diseases. Recent advancements in nucleic acids technology have led to rapid assays for single‐stranded nucleic acids that can be integrated into simple and miniaturized platforms for ease of use. In this review, the study focuses on the developments in isothermal amplification, nucleic acid hybridization circuits, various enzyme‐based signal reporting mechanisms, and detection platforms that show promise for POC testing. The study also evaluates critical technical breakthroughs to identify the advantages and disadvantages of these methods in various applications.
Experimental study on shear bearing capacity of Ultra‐high performance concrete bent cap with thin‐walled hollow section
Authors: Lv Wenshu , Jia Junfeng , Yao Xiaofei , Zhang Kaidi , Gu Ranxing , Lai Menggang
Published: January 2025

Compared with precast bent caps, high‐performance precast bent caps are shorter and lighter, a well‐designed precast bent cap can improve the construction rate, and guarantee an acceptable shear resistance capacity. Therefore, an ultra‐high‐performance concrete (UHPC) with a thin‐walled hollow bent cap suitable for short and medium spans was designed, and its mechanical performance was studied. Firstly, a UHPC bent cap model with a scale ratio of 1:3 was cast and used in a 4‐point loading test, and its crack propagation pattern, shear resistance capacity, and failure mode of the bent cap were revealed. Then, based on an ABAQUS finite element model verified by the experimental results, the influence of various design parameters on the shear performance of the UHPC bent cap was fully investigated, including longitudinal reinforcement ratio, stirrup ratio, web width, bottom thickness, and the thickness of the top and bottom plates. Finally, a prediction formula of shear bearing capacity suitable for different cross‐section types was developed based on the truss‐arch model. The results indicated that the bridging effect of steel fibers and diaphragm cloud restrained the generation and extension of cracks during the loading process, thus the UHPC bent cap showed good deformability and shear‐resistant capacity. Besides, the shear resistance capacity was improved by the increasing longitudinal reinforcement ratio, stirrup ratio, web width, and the thickness of the top and bottom plates. The accuracy and generalization ability of the established formula was validated by comparing the predicted results with the experimental results derived from this paper and relevant studies. The research can facilitate the application of UHPC and structure lightweight technology in bridge engineering.
Sustaining Rural Livelihoods Through Participatory Water Governance: A Review of Community‐Driven Water Resource Management Models in East and Central Africa
Authors: Lema Meserecordias Wilfred
Published: January 2025

This study reviews experiences across East and Central Africa testing community‐driven arrangements for adaptively managing water resources according to local needs through participatory ownership and inclusive decision‐making, empowering rural water users. An extensive database search identified 100 peer‐reviewed publications related to community‐driven water governance models, and the reviewed literature was analyzed and synthesized to develop an understanding of the topic. This research has revealed a total of nine common community‐driven water resource management models implemented in the East and Central African countries: water user associations (WUAs), water user committees (WUCs), catchment management committees (CMCs), wetland management committees (WMCs), co‐management models (CMMs), integrated community structures (ICSs), NGO‐facilitated models, indigenous water management institutions (IWMIs), and faith‐based organization models (FBOMs). It was also established that these models possess several common aspects, namely, prioritizing high levels of community engagement and democratic governance and ensuring local representation in decision‐making processes. However, these models were found to exhibit distinct differences across several dimensions in that some of them focused on broader management issues, that is, water management associations, while other focused on specific water use issues, that is, WMCs. Key characteristics for the success of various models were identified to be community engagement, local knowledge integration, inclusivity, collaboration among stakeholders, conflicts resolution mechanism, as well as and funding and resources mobilization. WUAs and ICSs were found to be the best models of all. Key lessons for strengthening community‐driven water resource management models in East and Central Africa include empowering communities as stewards, investing in their capacities, fostering multisectoral collaboration, and formulating guidelines on equitable benefit‐sharing.
Environmental Impact of Ineffective Antibiotic Disposal: Strategies and Remedial Pathways: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Geetha Rajendran
Published: January 2025

The discovery and use of antibiotics revolutionized medicine, significantly reducing mortality from infectious diseases. However, widespread and often indiscriminate antibiotic use has led to environmental contamination, fostering antibiotic‐resistant bacteria and posing serious public health threats. This review explores the primary sources of environmental contamination, including improper disposal by households, healthcare institutions, agriculture, and pharmaceutical manufacturing. These sources contribute to the persistence of antibiotic residues and the proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in natural ecosystems. The environmental presence of antibiotics disrupts microbial communities, impacting ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling and biodiversity. Various remediation strategies exist to address this issue, ranging from physicochemical methods like adsorption and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to bioremediation and electrochemical techniques. Bioremediation employs naturally occurring or engineered microorganisms to degrade or detoxify antibiotics, while electrochemical processes, including microbial electrochemical systems (MES) and cathodic degradation, use electrical currents to break down antibiotic molecules. These approaches have demonstrated effectiveness in different environments, but challenges remain in scaling up their application. Hybrid methods, integrating bioremediation with electrochemical treatments, show promise for enhanced contaminant removal, making them feasible for addressing complex contamination scenarios. Future research should focus on optimizing these methods for broader application, promoting a sustainable solution to mitigate the environmental impact of antibiotics and safeguard public health.
A Holistic Catchment‐Scale Framework to Guide Flood and Drought Mitigation Towards Improved Biodiversity Conservation and Human Wellbeing
Authors: Haubrock Phillip J. , Stubbington Rachel , Fohrer Nicola , Hollert Henner , Jähnig Sonja C. , Merz Bruno , Pahl‐Wostl Claudia , Schüttrumpf Holger , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Wesche Karsten , Tockner Klement , Haase Peter
Published: January 2025

As climatic extremity intensifies, a fundamental rethink is needed to promote the sustainable use of freshwater resources. Both floods and droughts, including water scarcity, are exacerbating declines in river biodiversity and ecosystem services, with consequences for both people and nature. Although this is a global challenge, densely populated regions such as Europe, East Asia and North‐America, as well as the regions most affected by climate change, are particularly vulnerable. To date mitigation measures have mainly focused on individual, local‐scale targets, often neglecting hydrological connectivity within catchments and interactions among hydrology, biodiversity, climate change and human wellbeing. A comprehensive approach is needed to improve water infiltration, retention and groundwater recharge, thereby mitigating the impacts of heavy rainfall and floods as well as droughts and water scarcity. We propose a holistic catchment‐scale framework that combines mitigation measures including conventional civil engineering methods, nature‐based solutions and biodiversity conservation actions. This framework integrates legislation, substantial funding and a governance structure that transcends administrative and discipline boundaries, enabling coordinated actions across multiple spatial and temporal scales. It necessitates the collaboration of local and regional stakeholders including citizens, scientists and practitioners. A holistic vision for the sustainable management of freshwater resources could have synergistic effects that support biodiversity and mitigate climate change within functional ecosystems that deliver benefits to people.
A Pipeline to Explore Transient Signals in GNSS Data: A Preliminary Approach Applied to the Cascadia Subduction Margin
Authors: Garcia Cristian , Männel Benjamin , Glaser Susanne , Bedford Jonathan
Published: January 2025

Throughout the earthquake cycling at fault zones, Earth’s crust undergoes deformations. GNSS coordinate time series record linear tectonic motion, seismic displacements, postseismic decays, and periodic signatures such as non-tidal loading. Any additional motions can be classed as transient tectonic signals, i.e., unexpected accelerations with respect to the standard trajectory model. As the number of permanent stations increases and as time series grow, we are increasingly able to recognise transient tectonic signals. Since some of these suspected tectonic transients have subtle magnitudes or sometimes unusual spatiotemporal features, we need to develop methods for determining which transients are artifacts and which are of tectonic origin.

Here, we investigate the impact of certain GNSS processing choices and how they affect the appearance of transients in the GNSS displacement time series solutions. In this study, we choose data from Cascadia, a region for which the occurrence of transient signals in the GNSS time series is well known. We processed data based from 189 selected stations in network mode for the time span 2015 to 2019. After producing coordinate time series, we then built a pipeline to isolate processing artifacts and tectonic transients, using the regression model-based algorithm known as GrAtSiD (Greedy Automatic Signal Decomposition).

The residuals of GNSS observations show that most sites have a precision of 5 mm to 10 mm. Using the GrAtSiD algorithm, we detected transient signals with velocities exceeding 0.3 mm/day near the ALBH station.
New Rat Model Mimicking Sacrocolpopexy for POP Treatment and Biomaterials Testing via Unilateral Presacral Suspension
Authors: Lu Chenxi , Zhou Jun , Kong Qingyu , Wang Lulu , Ni Wei , Xiao Zhen
Published: January 2025

Introduction and Hypothesis

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) impacts women’s health and quality of life. Post-surgery complications can be severe. This study uses rat models to replicate sacrocolpopexy and test materials for pelvic support, verifying the 4-week postoperative mortality rate, the mechanical properties of the mesh tissue, and the collagen content.

Methods

Twenty-one 12-week-old female Wistar rats were used. Eighteen rats were subjected to POP induction by cervical suction and constant traction. One week after prolapse modeling, 18 prolapsed rats underwent unilateral presacral suspension (UPS) surgery with polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds, decellularized porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) scaffolds, or polypropylene (PP) meshes (n = 6 each). UPS rats were compared with normal rats (n = 3). After 4 weeks, conditions and mortality were recorded. The rats were then euthanized for biomechanical testing and collagen analysis. Ultimate load (N) was defined as the highest load before the failure of the target sample.

Results

The UPS procedure requires 42.9 ± 4.5 min with no complications or deaths over 4 weeks. SIS was the stiffest mesh (14.53 ± 0.86 N), followed by PP (8.43 ± 0.40 N), and PCL was the least stiff (0.66 ± 0.05 N). After 4 weeks, the ultimate load of the PCL complex increased to 1.71 ± 0.41 N (p = 0.0120), but showed no significant difference from parametrial fascia (1.25 ± 0.85 N) and uterosacral ligament (0.66 ± 0.41 N). The ultimate load of the SIS complex decreased to 5.99 ± 0.37 N, still higher than native tissue. The PP complex’s ultimate load (10.02 ± 1.80 N) showed no significant difference from PP alone. The collagen ratio of the PCL complex (48.11 ± 9.88%) was closest to that of the uterosacral ligament (36.66 ± 11.64%), whereas SIS and PP complexes had significantly higher collagen ratios than USL.

Conclusions

Unilateral presacral suspension mimics classical surgery for human POP in rats. First, this procedure can investigate the mechanical properties of pelvic floor tissues at the cellular level after correcting POP. Second, it can be used to validate new materials for the surgical treatment of POP, including but not limited to foreign body reactions with surrounding tissues, absorption time, etc. Third, it can be used to study the biological mechanisms of mesh exposure.
Development and validation of an indirect competitive lateral flow immunoassay for the detection of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in bovine urine
Authors: Sasse Samantha , Geballa-Koukoula Ariadni , Bovee Toine F. H.
Published: January 2025

Paracetamol (PCM) is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic agent for humans worldwide. However, PCM overdoses or overuse can cause health issues, such as hepatoxicity. As PCM is also used for the treatment of farm animals, it is essential to monitor these residues in animal-derived matrices at risk-based sites in order to minimize the intake of PCM through the food chain. In the present study, we have developed a novel carbon nanoparticle (CNP)-based indirect competitive lateral flow immunoassay (icLFIA) for the rapid detection of PCM in bovine urine. The developed icLFIA can detect PCM residues within 10 min, and its performance was validated according to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/808, i.e., determination of the detection capability (CCβ), specificity, robustness, and stability. The CCβ of the icLFIA for PCM in bovine urine is 5 mg/L and the icLFIA is proven to be selective and specific towards PCM in bovine urine, as no matrix interference and cross-reactivity were observed, except for high concentrations of orthocetamol. The icLFIA for PCM in bovine urine is robust to (small) variations in reading time, but it remains necessary to strictly use a dilution ratio of running buffer/bovine urine of 80/20. Moreover, the produced icLFIAs are stable for at least 56 days under the stored conditions. In conclusion, the developed and validated icLFIA provides a rapid and cost-effective method for on-site monitoring of PCM abuse in cattle.