bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L‘enseignement de la philosophie
Authors: Claude Collin
Published: July 2021

Cet article porte sur l’enseignement de la philosophie. Il décrit et analyse une remise en question radicale des principaux éléments pédagogiques relatifs à cet enseignement, suite à la création d’un Ministère de l’Éducation au Québec en 1964. Parmi les multiples essais tentés par les professeurs afin de rendre cet enseignement accessible, mesurable et efficace, ce document s’arrête sur un essai de didactique scientifique qui ramène la problématique de l’enseignement philosophique au passage de l’expérience vécue commune à l’expérience philosophique achevée. La méthode utilisée dans l’élaboration de cette didactique s’inspire de la méthode de Raymond Buyse, qui repose sur la notion de fait pédagogique. Mots clés : enseignement, didactique, fait pédagogique, expérience vécue, expériencephilosophique. LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA FILOSOFÍA Este artículo trata de la enseñanza de la filosofía. Se describe y se analiza aquí una puesta en cuestión radical de los principales elementos pedagógicos relativos a esta enseñanza, luego de la creación de un Ministerio de la Educación en Quebec en 1964. Entre los múltiples intentos acometidos por los profesores con el fin de volver dichaenseñanza accesible, medible y eficaz, este documento se detiene sobre un ensayo de didáctica científica que conduce la problemática de la enseñanza filosófica del tránsito de la experiencia común vivida a la experiencia filosófica acabada. El método utilizado en la elaboración de esta didáctica se inspira en el método de Raymond Buyse, que se basa en la noción de hecho pedagógico. Palabras clave : enseñanza, didáctica, hecho pedagógico, experiencia común, experiencia filosófica.
La construction de l’interpersonnalité chez Kant: une application juridique et éthique
Authors: Braz Adelino
Published: July 2021

Contre les accusations de formalisme et de monologisme qui frappent la philosophiekantienne, le concept d'interpersonnalité apporte une nouvelle lecture qui montrecomment le projet kantien consiste à penser une coexistence des libertés. En démontrantque la substance se présente comme un être ouvert à l'existence et qu'elle n'acquiert sesdéterminations qu'au sein d'une influence mutuelle entre les phénomènes, Kant confèreà sa philosophie normative un horizon dans lequel, la personnalité s'inscrit dans letemps au sein d'une réciprocité de personnes. Il s'agit bien plutôt d'une interpersonnalitéque d'une intersubjectivité, dans la mesure où ce sont des personnes exerçant leurliberté. Cette réciprocité, pensée par analogie avec l'égalité d'action et de réaction, trouveprécisément son application dans le droit et dans l'éthique, de façon à constituer unecoexistence des libertés extérieures et intérieures.Mots clés : Substance, personne, communauté, droit, éthique. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA INTERPERSONALIDAD EN KANT:UNA APLICACIÓN JURÍDICA Y ÉTICAContra las acusaciones de formalismo y de monologuismo que sacuden a la filosofíakantiana, el concepto de interpersonalidad aporta una nueva lectura que muestracómo el proyecto kantiano consiste en pensar una coexistencia de las libertades.Demostrando que la substancia se presenta como un ser abierto a la existencia y que noadquiere sus determinaciones sino en el seno de una influencia mutua entre losfenómenos, Kant confiere a su filosofía normativa un horizonte en el cual la personalidadse inscribe en el tiempo, en el seno de una reciprocidad de personas. Se trata más biende una interpersonalidad que de una intersubjetividad, en la medida en que son personasejerciendo su libertad. Esta reciprocidad, pensada por analogía con la igualdad deacción y de reacción, encuentra precísamente su aplicación en el derecho y en la ética,con el objeto de constituir una coexistencia de libertades exteriores e interiores.Palabras clave : Substancia, persona, comunidad, derecho, ética.
Muerte y transfiguración de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, filosofo y músico
Authors: Ferrer Anacleto
Published: July 2021

Con frecuencia se olvida, cuando no se ignora, que Jean-Jacques Rousseau fue teórico de lamúsica y músico. Sus escritos teórico-especulativos sobre música fueron los que lepermitieron en una primera etapa darse a conocer y establecer los primeros lazos deamistad con Diderot y D'Alembert, que le requirieron en 1749, cuando ya había publicado laDisertación sobre la música moderna (1743), su primer libro, para que escribiera los artículos demúsica para la Encyclopédie. Contribuyó con más de cuatrocientos. A dichos escritos tambiéndebe la animadversión y el rechazo de buena parte de sus contemporáneos, en especial ala Carta sobre la música francesa (1753), con la que terció en la Querelle des Bouffons. Otros, encuya importancia teórica hoy todos convienen, sólo serían conocidos por el público despuésde su muerte, como el Ensayo sobre el origen de las lenguas, donde se habla de la melodía y de laimitación musical. Como compositor le debemos principalmente dos óperas-ballets -Le Devindu village y Les Muses galantes, de la cual sólo se conserva un acto- y un centenar de canciones,publicadas tres años después de su muerte en julio de 1778, gracias a la iniciativa del últimomiembro de la larga serie de sus benefactores de la nobleza: el marqués de Girardin.Palabras clave: Rousseau, filosofía de la música, estética, ilustración, romanticismo
De un texto de M. Foucault sobre la modernidad
Authors: Paéz Guzman Esau Ricardo
Published: July 2021

ResumenEl artículo es un ejercicio de lectura de un texto conocido deM. Foucault, ¿Qu'estce que les Lumières?, publicado en 1993.Además de algunas notas que se hacen en el seguimiento del texto sobre la pregunta kantiana en relaciónconlamodernidad, que el autor califica como una actitud y, en particular, el texto llama la atenciónespecialmente sobre dos conceptos: el de límite y el de condición. Dos conceptos cuyo uso, funcional y pragmático, indicarían la posibilidad de pensar la libertad como un pasar del otro lado del límite bajo ciertas condiciones que ya no serían aquellas de la posibilidad, sino las de la existencia. Es un pensamiento de la singularidad, situacional, topológico. No el límite que obliga a volver sobre la interioridad, sino el límite quemarcaría la salida, la puerta de escape, la línea defuga.Palabras clave: Ilustración, Foucault, Modernidad, filosofía, límite,método.AbstractOn an essaybym. foucault about modernity. This paper is an exercise ofreadingM. Foucault'swellknown text ¿Qu'est-ceque les Lumières?[What is Enlightenment] published in 1993. In thisreadingwe will trace theKantian question in relation tomodernity, qualified by the author as anattitude, andwewillpayparticular attentionto the concepts oflimit and condition. The functionaland pragmatic use ofthese concepts indicate thepossibilityofthinkingabout freedomas a passage to the other side of the limit under certain conditions that areno longer those ofpossibility, but rather thoseofexistence.This isa situational, topologicalway of thinking that fosters singularity.The limit we are speaking of is not that which forces us to return upon interiority, but thatwhichmarks away out, an escape door, a vanishing point.Keywords: Enlightenment, Foucault.
Del rey filosofo al pez torpedo: metáforas sobre la enseñanza de la filosofia
Authors: García Moriyon Felix
Published: July 2021

ResumenDel rey filósofo al pez torpedo: metáforas sobre la enseñanza de la filosofía. La presencia de la filosofía como asignatura en la educación secundaria parece estar amenazada en algunos países. Es importante defender esa presencia, aunque eso sólo es posible si defendemos un específico modelo de enseñanza yaprendizaje de la Filosofía, que no suele ser el más compartido en la actualidad. Ahora hay un cierto predominio delmodelo basado en lametáfora platónica del Rey Filósofo, que acentúa el valor de la sabiduría filosófica y el papel del profesorado como transmisor de lamisma. Frente a estemodelo, se defiende otro basado en lamétaforadel pez torpedo, en la que se describe eldiálogo socrático como lamanera de hacer filosofía en el aula orientada a despertar y desarrollar en el alumnado la capacidadde pensar por símismo de forma crítica ycreativa.Así entendido, el aprendizaje de la filosofía debe estar presente en la educación formal desde el principio, a los tres años, hasta el final, cuando se termina la adolescencia.Palabras clave: enseñanza de la filosofía, diálogo socrático, rey filósofo.AbstractFrom the philosopher king to the torpedo fish: metaphors on the teaching of philosophy. The presence of philosophy as a discipline in secondary education seems to be endangered in some countries. It is important to defend its presence, nevertheless this is onlypossible ifwe defend a specificmodelofteaching and learning philosophy,which isnot usuallythemost popular today.There isnowa certain dominance ofthe model based on the Platonicmetaphor of the philosopher king,which emphasizesthe value of philosophicalwisdomand the role of the teacher as the personwho hands down all this tradition to students. This article defends a different model, based upon themetaphor of the torpedo fish,which describes Socratic dialogue as thewayof enacting philosophyinthe classroom, aimed at waking students'minds and fostering their abilityto think for themselves in a critical and creativeway.Thus understood, the learning of philosophyneeds to be introduced into formaleducation frombeginning: fromthe age ofthree until the end of adolescence.Keywords: philosophyteaching, Socratic dialogue, philosopher king.
El juego como problema filosofico
Authors: Huertas Ruiz Joaquín Darío
Published: July 2021

ResumenEl tema del juego ha tenido gran importancia en la filosofía como se pone de manifiesto en las reflexiones que varios de losmás importantes filósofos han hecho de este tema a lo largo de la historia. En este escrito se analizaránlas propuestas de Heidegger, Fink, Gadamer y Ortega y Gasset acerca de este tema, poniendo de relieve su importancia ontológica, lo que contrasta con la idea de superficialidad y banalidad conla que siempre se ha comprendido esta actividad esencialdelhombre, se expone también su relevancia en la constitución de la existencia del ser humano.Palabras clave: filosofía del juego, lúdica, filosofía del deporte.AbstractThe game asphilosophicalproblem.The topicofgames has beenofgreat importance in philosophy as can be seen in the reflections that great philosophers havemadeabout this topic throughout history.Thispaperwill analyze the studies ofHeidegger, Fink,Gadamer andOrtega yGasset regarding this topic, highlightingthe ontologicalimportance of the game, in contrast to the idea of superficiality and banalitywith which this essential human activity is normally regarded.Wewill also consider itsrelevance to the constitution of the existence ofthe human being.Keywords: game theory, play, philosophyof sports.
Racionalidad, fantasia y delirio en la ciencia: el diagnostico de Fichte
Authors: Arrese Igor Hector Oscar
Published: July 2021

ResumenEn este trabajo intento reconstruir el diagnóstico que hace Fichte respecto de la ciencia de su tiempo que se fundaba puramente en la imaginación, la que denominacomo delirio (Schwärmerei), con el transfondo de su filosofía de la historia.Palabras clave: Fichte, diagnóstico, ciencia, historia, filosofía.AbstractIn this paper I tryto reconstruct Fichte´s diagnosis ofthe science of his time thatwas founded exclusivelyin the imagination,wich he callsmadness (Schwärmerei), fromthe background ofhis philosophyof history.KeyWords: Fichte, diagnosis, science, history, philosophy.
Propuesta de educación moral desde una perspectiva filosófica para la escuela primaria
Authors: Pineda R. Diego Antonio
Published: July 2021

En sentido estricto, la ética no puede ser enseñada, pero de modo indirecto, a través de la narración literaria, por medio de cuentos, se puede incentivar el aprendizaje, de tal manera que se promueva a través de los relatos las excelencias o virtudes. La reflexión sobre la ética puede ser aprendida en la medida en que se cultiven hábitos de deliberación sobre los comportamientos lo cual requiere una mediación filosófica. Por esta razón, la ética no se pude aprender de la misma manera que la biología o la física, pues requiere del examen de los conceptos éticos en situaciones específicas. Los niños no tienen la posibilidad de aprender con exposiciones simplemente abstractas o generales desvinculadas de toda realidad. Como caso ejemplar dela didáctica exponemos el aprendizaje de la virtud de la valentía.  Palabras clave: didáctica de la filosofía. Enseñanza de la filosofía.
Filosofía, enseñanza y sociedad de control
Authors: Gallo Silvio
Published: July 2021

El artículo problematiza en un primer momento, los desplazamientos  y regulaciones de las denominadas por Deleuze “sociedades de control”  a diferencia de las sociedades disciplinarias. Desde este marco general, en un segundo momento, aborda la discusión  entre algunos mecanismos de control, como la evaluación y el método en la educación, y se cuestiona sobre ¿cuáles son los impactos en las escuelas y en los maestros, marcados por la disciplinarización y el control?, ¿qué líneas de fuga a esos mecanismos se pueden poner en marcha? Finalmente, en un tercer momento,  analiza las condiciones para la enseñanza de la filosofía en las sociedades de control y muestra la potencia de apostarle a la constitución de pensamiento creativo propio, instigado por la experiencia del problema desde una pedagogía del concepto.  Palabras clave: Enseñanza de la filosofía, sociedades de control, pedagogía del concepto, resistencia educativa.
Ideas que riman
Authors: Valerio López Maximiliano
Published: July 2021

A partir de Octavio Paz quien señala una relación entre el ritmo del lenguaje y las ideas, es posible cuestionar una de las direcciones de la  filosofía occidental como es la de distanciarse del mito y de la poesía y acogerse al criterio de las ideas claras y distintas y, al principio de no contradicción. El ritmo del lenguaje y el mito, en la filosofía, sin embargo, se mantienen como un trasfondo y la sabiduría Oriental ha permanecido cercana a la poesía.  Palabras clave: pensar filosófico, sabiduría y poesía.
La filosofía kantiana de la historia: dialéctica entre naturaleza y libertad
Authors: Martínez Ferro Hernán
Published: July 2021

La filosofía kantiana de la historia: dialéctica entre naturaleza y libertad. El texto pretende mostrar el lugar que ocupan los estudios socio-históricos de Kant, en el sistema de su filosofía crítica. Se sostiene que en la filosofía de la historia, Kant desarrolla una dialéctica entre naturaleza y libertad, con la quepuede superar el abismo entre la razón teórica y la razón práctica. Se explicita la relación de complementariedad entre el derecho y la moral como dos legislaciones que cumplen con una tarea común: alcanzar la paz. Palabras clave: filosofía de la historia, Kant, libertad, paz.AbstractKant’s Philosophy of History: Dialectic between Nature and Freedom. This text aims to show the position occupied by Kant’s socio-historical texts within the system of his critical philosophy. It is argued that in Kant’s Philosophy of History, he develops a dialectic between nature and freedom, which can bridge the gap between theoretical and practical Reason. This study explores the complementary relationship between law and morality as that of two concepts that carry out a common task: achieving peace.Key Words: philosophy of history, Kant, freedom, peace.
Ciencias, ecología intelectual y juegos de lenguaje: el aporte de S. Toulmin y L. Wittgenstein a la comprensión de las ciencias
Authors: Tamayo Valencia Alfonso
Published: July 2021

Ciencias, ecología intelectual y juegos de lenguaje: el aporte de s. Toulmin y Wittgenstein a la comprensión de las ciencias. El presente artículo aborda la relación lenguaje-ciencia incursionando en un acontecimiento complejo, que sepregunta desde diversos criterios del conocimiento científico y su aplicación, en el contexto de la formación del ser humano dentro de una cultura y una época. Este punto de vista amplia los horizontes de los docentes y de los investigadorespara la reflexión colectiva y la construcción racional de modelos y métodos que permitan identificar el estatuto epistemológico de las disciplinas, de su postura científica.Palabras clave: Epistemología, Investigación, juegos del lenguaje.AbstractSciences, Intellectual Ecology and Language Games:  the Contribution of S. Toulmin and Wittgenstein to the Comprehension of the Sciences. This article tackles the language-science relationship, making incursions into a  complex event,by questioning diverse aspects of scientific knowledge and its application in the context of human being formation within a specific  culture and time period. This point of view extends the horizons of teachers and researchers for collective reflection and the rational construction of models and methods that allow the identification of the epistemological statute of the disciplines and their scientific stance. With this objective, the first step will be to identify some of the contemporary philosophical tendencies of science regarding the problem of the pragmatic meaning of language, and showing the implications of teaching them. Key words: Epistemology, Investigation, games of the language.
La prostitución en Colombia: un fenómeno anclado al poder y las nuevas formas explotación contractual
Authors: Forero Montoya Jorge Arturo
Published: August 2021

A través de la metodología de análisis crítico del discurso, en este artículo se examina la prostitución actual como un fenómeno anclado en diversas matrices de poder, las cuales trazan una red de dominación y colonización del cuerpo que es en cierta forma legitimada por las dinámicas neoliberales y por lo que Carole Pateman (1995) entiende como contrato sexual. Se presenta  el caso colombiano y la actual evolución legal del fenómeno de la prostitución, y se encuentra que en el país se tiende hacia la reglamentación del mismo, bajo un discurso de los derechos laborales de las trabajadoras sexuales, empero desconociendo que el reconocimiento de dichos derechos no contrarresta necesariamente los fenómenos de cartografías de economía precaria y de falta de oportunidades reales. Esto conlleva a que en contextos de dominación y jerarquía desigual se explote a la mujer y se facilite la existencia de trata de personas.
José Martí y los derechos humanos
Authors: Guadarrama González Pablo
Published: August 2021

El trabajo analiza las ideas esenciales de José Martí acerca del derecho. Además valora sus criterios a partir de su acción revolucionaria y sus discursos, ensayos, etc., sobre los derechos humanos de determinados sectores sociales, entre ellos de los indígenas, los esclavos y los obreros, así como de los pueblos colonizados. Demuestra además de qué forma evolucionó su pensamiento en relación con los derechos humanos. Al respecto y en una primera etapa de su vida manifestó en ocasiones una pasiva consideración sobre la tolerancia y el respeto, para evitar la violencia, como condición de la realización del derecho. De igual forma su correcta comprensión de que el gobierno español no les concedería a los cubanos y puertorriqueños sus reclamados derechos lo llevó a la conclusión de que solo por la vía de la violencia revolucionaria estos podrían alcanzarse. Finalmente, analiza sus criterios sobre cómo debía ejercerse y cultivarse el derecho en la anhelada vida republicana.
Using git metrics to measure students' and teams' code contributions in software development projects
Authors: Hamer Sivana , Quesada-López Christian , Martínez Alexandra , Jenkins Marcelo
Published: August 2021

Many software engineering courses are centered around team-based project development. Analyzing the source code contributions during the projects’ development could provide both instructors and students with constant feedback to identify common trends and behaviors that can be improved during the courses. Evaluating course projects is a challenge due to the difficulty of measuring individual student contributions versus team contributions during the development. The adoption of distributed version control sys-tems like git enable the measurement of students’ and teams’ contributions to the project.In this work, we analyze the contributions within eight software development projects,with 150 students in total, from undergraduate courses that used project-based learning.We generate visualizations of aggregated git metrics using inequality measures and the contribution per module, which offer insights into the practices and processes followed by students and teams throughout the project development. This approach allowed us to identify inequality among students’ contributions, the modules where students con-tributed, development processes with a non-steady pace, and integration practices render-ing a useful feedback tool for instructors and students during the project’s development.Further studies can be conducted to assess the quality, complexity, and ownership of the contributions by analyzing software artifacts.
SÖZ DİZİMSEL SANAL ÇİZGİ YAKLAŞIMIYLA NÂBÎ’NİN GELÜR GİDER REDİFLİ GAZELİ ÜZERİNE BİR OKUMA DENEMESİ
Authors: DEMİREL DÖNMEZ Özlem
Published: July 2021

Tarafımızdan öne sürülen Söz Dizimsel Sanal Çizgi Yaklaşımının çıkış noktasını, cümlenin ögelerinin kendileriyle aynı olan ögelerle sanal bir çizgi yardımıyla birleştirilmesi sonucu ortaya çıkan geometrik şekiller oluşturmaktadır. Bu geometrik şekillerin her şiirde farklılaştığının ve şiirin anlamıyla örtüştüğünün fark edilmesi konuyu çalışılmaya değer kılmıştır. Çalışmada, Söz Dizimsel Sanal Çizgi Yaklaşımı ile söz dizimi ve anlam arasında çözülmeye muhtaç, ilk bakışta fark edilmeyen, derin ve organik bağın nasıl çözümlenebileceği sorusu cevaplanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Bu çalışmada Nâbî’nin “gelür gider” redifli gazeli Söz Dizimsel Sanal Çizgi Yaklaşımı ile ele alınarak yorumlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Gazelin odağında yer alan “gelür gider” yüklemi, zıt yöne doğru gerçekleşen hareketi ifade etmektedir. Ögelerin birleşmesi sonucu “zikzak” şeklinin ortaya çıkmasının dikkate değer bir özellik olduğunu düşünmekteyiz. Şiirin tamamında zikzak şeklini çizen dolaylı tümleçlerin neredeyse tamamı “gelür gider” yüklemine bağlanmaktadır. Düz bir çizgide ilerleyen öznenin, gazelin bütününe hâkim olan sevgiliye ulaşamayan bir âşık profilinin aksine, sevgiliyi kucağına almış “âşık-ı rüsvâ” öznesinde zikzak çizmesi de ilgi çekicidir.
Ögelerin sanal bir çizgi yardımıyla birleştirilmesi sonucu ortaya çıkan geometrik şekillerin şiirin anlamıyla belli bir oranda örtüşmesi, öge dizilişi ile anlam arasındaki ilişkiye dikkat çekmektedir.
BÂKÎ’NİN ŞAİR ANLAYIŞI
Authors: TOPAK Zafer
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmada, Bâkî Divanı poetik çerçevede incelenmiş ve elde edilen dizelerden hareketle onun, şair karşılığında kullandığı kelime ve tamlamalar, bir şairde olmasını istediği şairlik özellikleri, şairle ilgili yaptığı benzetme unsurları, yaşadığı dönemin sanat ortamına bakışı, kısaca şair anlayışı belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.

Bâkî, şaire ve şairliğine dair görüş ve düşüncelerini Divan’ında, birçok şair gibi, dağınık bir şekilde dile getirmiştir. Onun bu poetik dizeleri çoğunlukla kasidelerinin fahriye bölümlerinde ve gazellerinin mahlas beyitlerinde çok az da diğer bazı manzumelerinde yer almaktadır. İlgili manzumeler, konu kapsamında incelendiğinde ve bir bütünlük oluşturulduğunda Bâkî’nin şair anlayışını görmek mümkün olur. Onun kendi şairlik özellikleri arasında saydığı hususların başında doğuştan gelen bir şairlik kabiliyetine sahip olma özelliği gelir. O, doğuştan sahip olduğu bu özelliğin farklılık ve eşsizliğine vurgu yaparak bu sayede şiir sahasında ulaşılması güç bir seviyeye eriştiğini belirtir. Şiiri yücelten unsurlardan birinin üslup olduğunu ifade eden Bâkî, güzel ve renkli üslubu ile anlamı birleştirdiğini vurgular. Onun, önemle üzerinde durduğu bir başka özellik de belâgattır. Belâgat ehli olduğunu dile getiren şair, bu özelliğin şiir ve şair açısından taşıdığı değere dikkat çeker. Bâkî’nin kendi şairlik özellikleri arasında saydığı diğer özellikler ise şu şekildedir: Nüktedan olmak, mütevazı ve nazik bir yaratılışa sahip olmak, mucizevî bir söyleyişe sahip olmak, sözü güzel ve düzgün söylemek, ilim ehli olmak, tatlı sözlü olmak, şiirde üstat olmak, yaygın ve beğenilen şiirler yazarak adını ölümsüz kılmak, şiirlerinin her yerde okunmasını sağlamak. Bâkî, kendi şairliği ile “âşık, at, bülbül, hümâ, şâhbâz, tûtî, gevher, padişah, pehlivan, nahlbend, re’îs, sâhir, zerger, Hz. İsa, Hz. Ali” gibi çeşitli unsurlar arasında benzetme ilgisi kurar. O, bu benzetmeler aracılığıyla sanatlı, ince bir şiir işçiliği sergilemek, diğer şairlere üstünlük sağlamak, şiirde öncülük ve önderlik yapmak, güçlü ve maharetli bir şairlik sergilemek, söze canlılık vermek, güzel bir üsluba sahip olmak, şairlikte yüce ve yüksek bir seviyeye ulaşmak vb. birçok şairlik özelliğine işaret eder. Bâkî, yaşadığı dönemde şair-çevre ilişkisine dair de önemli tespit ve değerlendirmelerde bulunur. O, ilgili beyitlerinde şiirden ve sanattan anlayan sanatkâr çevreden ve tiplerden söz ettiği gibi şiirden ve sanattan anlamayan belirsiz çevre ve tiplerden de bahseder.

Bâkî’nin şair anlayışına dair yapmış olduğumuz bu çalışmanın, özelde şairin poetikasına, genelde ise klasik şiirin şaire bakışındaki benzer ve farklı yönlerin tespitine yönelik çalışmalar için önemli sonuçlar içerdiğini söylemek mümkündür.
VÂSIK-ZÂDE ABDÜLHAMİT ERŞED VE FINDIKLI ŞEHRENGİZİ
Authors: YILDIZ Enes
Published: July 2021

Şehrengiz, bir şehrin güzelliklerinin ve güzellerinin tasvir edilip övüldüğü milli bir türdür. Türk edebiyatında şehrengizlerin ilk örneklerine XVI. yüzyılda rastlanır. Bu dönemde ilk olarak Mesîhî ve Zâtî, Edirne için birer şehrengiz yazmışlardır. Daha sonra başta İstanbul olmak üzere Bursa, Edirne, Manisa gibi şehirler üzerine birçok şehrengiz yazılmıştır. XVIII. yüzyıl divan şairlerinden Vâsık-zâde Abdülhamit Erşed de Fındıklı’nın iki güzelini tasvir eden kısa bir şehrengiz yazmıştır. Fındıklı şehrengizi daha önce üzerine çalışma yapılmamış Erşed Divanı’nın içerisinde yer almaktadır. Erşed Divanı’nın ulaşabildiğimiz nüshası, Medine Ârif Hikmet Kütüphanesi Türkçe Yazmalar 117/811 arşiv numarasıyla kayıtlıdır. Divan’daki üç küçük mesneviden biri şehrengizdir. “Hikâyet” başlıklı 34 beyitlik şehrengiz, mesnevi nazım şekli ile yazılmıştır. Şair, bu kısa şehrengizinde Yahya ve Terzi Ahmet isimli iki güzeli konu alır.

Bu çalışmada öncelikle şehrengiz türü ve Erşed Divanı hakkında bilgi verilecektir. Asıl bölümde ise Fındıklı şehrengizi şekil ve muhteva açısından incelenecek ve şehrengizin transkripsiyonlu metni ve tıpkıbasımı da alanın istifadesine sunulacaktır. Bu makale ile daha önce yayımlanmamış bir şehrengiz literatüre kazandırılacaktır.
Using the games of Klaus Foppel in working with preschoolers with limited health opportunities
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, Grosenkova Victoria A. , Poletaeva Ekaterina S. ,   Einstein Center. School of Fascinating Sciences, Yaroslavl, Ishmuratova Elena M. ,   Belarusian State Pedagogical University named after Maxim Tank
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of using K. Fopel's games in speech therapy work with preschool children with limited health opportunities. The article contains examples of adapted games that can be used by speech therapists and teachers in speech therapy groups.
The scientific and methodological support of the process of forming financial and economic literacy among children with intellectual disabilities
Authors:   «Belarusian State Pedagogical University named after Maxim Tank, Skivitskaya Maria E. , Elifantieva Svetlana S. ,   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky
Published: August 2021

The article presents the characteristics of the scientific and methodological support of the process of forming financial and economic literacy among children with mild intellectual disabilities, including an adapted economic dictionary and an electronic workshop for children, guidelines for their use for teachers.The features of approbation and implementation of scientific and methodological support in the conditions of institutions of special and general secondary education are revealed; the specificity of its application in the process of preparing students of the I and II stages of higher education to work with children with intellectual disabilities
The development of auditory perception and the pronunciation side of speech in deaf students: history and current trends
Authors:   Moscow State Pedagogical University, Yakhnina Elena Z.
Published: August 2021

The article reviews scientific aspects of development of hearing perception and reproduction of oral speech of school age deaf children in Russian surdopedagogic. Special emphasis is dedicated to modern tendencies in such a work according to requirements of State Federal educational standards
Implementation of interdisciplinary and interdepartmental interaction in the organization of support for a child with special needs in development
Authors:   Vitebsk regional center for correctional and developmental training and rehabilitation, Fedorova Marina G.
Published: August 2021

At the present stage of the development of the education system, the support of children with special needs of psychophysical development is an important condition for the organization of their education and upbringing, taking into account the development of integrative and inclusive approaches.
Influence of typological features of higher nervous activity on the specifics of developing a dynamic stereotype in the process of correcting sound pronunciation in preschool children
Authors:   Samara State Socio-Pedagogical University, Gordievsky Anton Y. , Fedosova Oksana Y. ,   «Samara State Social and Pedagogical University
Published: August 2021

In the process of forming sound skills, it is necessary to take into account not only the methodological and theoretical requirements for the implementation of speech therapy work, but also the psychophysiological patterns of the organization of higher nervous activity, which allowsyou to competently build a didactic trajectory of work with a child, predict the pedagogical result, increase the efficiency of mastering motor dynamic stereotypes in the process of automating the set sounds.
Identification of special educational needs and their assessment in preschool children
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Zavalishina Olga V. , Zhuldyz Rakhym ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty
Published: August 2021

The article reveals the theoretical foundations and practical procedures for identifying and assessing the special educational needs of preschool children. The content of the article describes a stepby-step procedure for conducting a diagnostic study, the corresponding methodological tools. Attention is focused on the need for acomprehensive analysis of the mechanisms and causes of difficulties in the learning and development of a preschool child.
Sociocultural aspect of accompanying schoolchildren with severe intellectual disabilities on the optional course «Ethnology»
Authors:   «Special (correctional) general education school for students with disabilities (intellectual disability) №119», Chelyabinsk, Gontarenko Tatyana V.
Published: August 2021

The article summarizes and describes their own experience of working with schoolchildren with severe intellectual disabilities. This is the experience of forming a socio-cultural identification with the people. In the process of mastering the optional course «Ethnology»
Socialization of children with disabilities of preschool age in the context of inclusive education
Authors:   Karaganda State University named after E.A. Buketov, Shashkenova Assel Z. , Zholmaganbetova Diana K. ,   Special boarding school №2, Karaganda, Dakhbayevich Dakhbay B. ,   Karaganda University named after E.A. Buketov
Published: August 2021

This article will focus on the socialization of children with disabilities in preschool age in inclusive education. The tasks and directions, directions of development and solutions to the problems of inclusive education are indicated.
Technologies of correctional and pedagogical work on the emotional development of children with autism spectrum disorders: analysis of advantages and disadvantages
Authors:   ANOO International school «Concept», Moscow, Shestakova Svetlana V.
Published: August 2021

This article summarizes the existing experience of correctional work on the emotional development of children with ASD. The author examines modern approaches to the development of emotions that children have, gives a list of the main techniques and technologies and highlights their advantages and disadvantages.
Teaching phonemic analysis of children with dysarthria at individual speech therapy classes
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, Karelina Inna B. , Bondareva Alena A. ,   MDOU "Kindergarten №108», Yaroslavl, Bal Natalia N. ,   Belarusian State Pedagogical University named after Maxim Tank
Published: August 2021

The article describes a method of teaching phonemic analysis to children with dysarthria in individual speech therapy classes, developed by one of the authors I. B. Karelina, which has been tested in practical speech therapy work with children with dysarthria in the health care system and in a private habilitation center. The analysis of the most well-known methods of teaching literacy to children with general speech underdevelopment in educational institutions is presented. The article describes the difficulties experienced by school-age children who have a history of speech disorders when studying at school.
The content of speech therapy work on the development of language analysis and synthesis skills in preschool children
Authors:   «Kindergarten №78», Cherepovets, Lykova Marina P.
Published: August 2021

The article presents the content of speech therapy work on the development of language analysis and synthesis skills in preschool children. The author offers a system of games and exercises for recognizing sounds, determining the number, sequence and place of a word in a sentence, forming the action of sound, syllabic analysis and synthesis in the mental plane
Professional and personal readiness of future teachers to implement inclusive education
Authors:   Karaganda State University named after E.A. Buketov, Kudarinova Asel S. , Autaeva Akbota N. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University
Published: August 2021

This publication provides a detailed analysis of theoretical studies of professional and personal readiness of future teachers to implement inclusive education. Professional and personal readiness is understood as an integrative dynamic new formation of the future teacher, which ensures the development of the image of the Self and a professionally significant attitude to it, manifested in the pedagogical motivation to achieve success in professional positions in the implementation of inclusive education.
Development of special and inclusive education in Mongolia
Authors:   Mongolian State University of Education, Gelen Battsengel
Published: August 2021

The article briefly examines the history of the development of special and inclusive education Mongolia. Some data on the training of students from Mongolia in theIrkutsk State Pedagogical Institute are presented. Information is provided on the current state of the problem of inclusive education, the efforts made to solve it at the Mongolian State University of Education. The urgency of resuming interaction with Russian scientists on the problems for exchange experiences on inclusive education.
The state of learning activity in schoolchildren of the Nakhimov Naval School with dysorphography
Authors:   Leningrad State University named after A S. Pushkin, Yeletskaya Olga V. , Litvintseva Anna V. ,   Nakhimov Naval School, Saint Petersburg
Published: August 2021

The article considers modern ideas on the problem of studying dysorphography in schoolchildren. The results of the study of the peculiarities of learning activities in fifth grade students of the Nakhimov Naval School with dysorphography are analyzed here. The causes, mechanisms and symptoms of this disorder in children are considered in detail.
Studying in an inclusive educational institution: the attitude of parents
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, Volosova Svetlana A. , Khitryuk Vera V. ,   Belarusian State Pedagogical University named after Maxim Tank
Published: August 2021

The article presents the results of a study of the attitude of parents to teaching their normally developing children together with peers with special educational needs in an inclusive educational institution. The data obtained allowed us to make a comparative analysis of the parents 'awareness of learning in an inclusive educational institution, the opportunities for their child to study at school, and the parents' ideas about the difficulties that the child experiences in the process of joint learning.
Modern models of the organization of inclusive education in kindergarten
Authors:   «Kindergarten №7 «Constellation», Cheboksary, Spiridonova Natalia V. , Yakimovich Olga S. ,   «Kindergarten №7 «Constellation», Cheboksary, Mikhailova Anna M. ,   «Kindergarten №7 «Constellation», Cheboksary
Published: August 2021

The article presents a model of the organization of inclusive education on the basis of preschool institutions. The inclusive practices practiced in the educational organization are characterized by mobility, allowing you to create an individual route of socialization for each "special" child, using the most appropriate integration options, relying on the resource base of the kindergarten and its social partners.
Improving student’s ICT-competencies when working in a remote format
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, Novikova Alexandra V.
Published: August 2021

The article provides an analysis of educational platforms in order to improve the quality of the educational process. The positive and negative aspects of their application are shown.
Neurophysiological aspect of the work of an oligophrenopedagogue with a schoolchild's family at home
Authors:   South Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University, Lapshina Lyubov M.
Published: August 2021

The article summarizes and describes the personal experience of interaction between an oligophrenopedagogue and students with pronounced degrees of mental retardation and home-schooled students. In modern conditions, such students are effectively taught only in the conditions of interaction between the teacher and the family, taking into account the neurophysiological approach.
Features of monologue speech in preschoolers with intellectual disability
Authors:   Leningrad State University named after A S. Pushkin, Yeletskaya Olga V. , Dubra Victoria V. ,   Leningrad State University named after A.S. Pushkin
Published: August 2021

The article presents the results of an experimental study of the monologic speech of older preschoolers with intellectual disability of cerebral-organic genesis. The structure of the methodology for studying the monologic speech of older preschoolers with intellectual disability is presented and theoretically substantiated. The revealed features of monologue speech in children of this category are analyzed in the course of the research
Organizational and methodological features of accompanying an elementary school child with disabilities in a general educational organization
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushinsky, Shabalina Svetlana A. , Kolyada Oksana P. ,   Belarusian State Pedagogical University named after Maxim Tank
Published: August 2021

The article reveals the relevance of the organization in a general educational institution of support the family of a child with developmental disabilities; the aim, objectives, principles, directions, stages and forms of interaction of teachers with parents (legal representatives) in matters of assistance in the development of educational programs by students with disabilities are described.
The reasons for conflict relations in the dyad "teenager-parent" in schoolchildren with different levels of intellectual development
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Zaigraeva Nadezhda V.
Published: August 2021

The content of the article presents the results of identifying the causes of conflicts between mentally retarded adolescents and their parents compared to normally developing peers. The subject of the study depends on the level of intellectual development of a school student, on the age of the teenager (junior, middle, senior), on the family structure (full, incomplete), on the gender, on the strategies and forms of behavior in the conflict between the teenager and the parent.
Comparative in vitro study of intracanal Enterococcus faecalis reduction using photosensitizers in aPDT
Authors: Braz Maria Cleide Azevedo , Saguchi André Hayato , Akisue Eduardo , Lira Adriana de Oliveira , Paiva Sidnea Aparecida Freitas , Brugnera Junior Aldo , Skelton Macedo Mary Caroline , Michelotto André Luiz da Costa , Araki Ângela Toshie
Published: August 2021

Aim: To compare Enterococcus faecalis reduction after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) used with methylene blue, toluidine blue, tannin, and curcumin as photosensitizers, an adjunct to endodontic chemomechanical preparation (CMP) in root canals of human teeth. Methods: A total of 120 single-rooted teeth were divided into 6 groups (n  =  20): G1- CMP and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); G2- CMP and saline solution; G3- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% methylene blue; G4- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% toluidine blue; G5- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% tannin; and G6- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% curcumin. A portable semiconductor laser was used (660  nm, 100  mW, 1.8  J, 180s) in groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and a blue LED light-curing (420-480  nm, 1200 mV/cm2 ) in G6. For all groups, a 5 min pre-irradiation time was applied. Samples were collected before (initial collection), immediately after (intermediate collection) and 7 days after CMP (final collection) for colony-forming unit (CFU) counting. The Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed (p < 0.05; 95% confidence interval). Results: In between-group comparisons, there was no significant difference observed in the number of CFUs at the initial (p >< 0.001) and final collections (p >< 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies.>< 0.05; 95% confidence interval). Results: In between-group comparisons, there was no significant difference observed in the number of CFUs at the initial (p < 0.001) and final collections (p >< 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies.><  0.001) and final collections (p < 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies>< 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies.
LESBIAN, GAY, BISEKSUAL, TRANSGENDER PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA
Authors: Awwaliyah Neny Muthi'atul
Published: August 2021

LGBT is still a hot polemic in the  wider community. Of course we do not want this polemic to be a commotion, an inconvenience and mutual suspicion. The upheaval of thought between the pro and the contra happened around the issue. some of them support it and some are violently rejecting the community. And this caused disputes among scholars, academics, and the wider community. The view of differences in sexual orientation and gender identity outside the relationship between men and women is still very taboo and is still a debate. From the case the author wants to explore more about the LGBT perspective of the United Nations version and the Human Rights.
The Reflective-Accommodative Approach to the Quran: Ahmad Syafii Maarif’s Contribution towards Contemporary Approach to the Quran`
Authors: Ridwan Muhammad K
Published: July 2021

This paper aims to examine Ahmad Syafii Maarif’s inclusive thought and reveal the epistemological basis of interpreting the Qur’an. It further explores to what extent Maarif’s thought has contributed to the development of contemporary Quranic studies. Although Maarif is not an expert of Quranic commentator (mufassir) and does not author works related to the Qur’an, he is well-known as an inclusive-pluralist Muslim scholar who is concerned with promoting the moral-ethical values of the Qur’an. In formulating the ideas of the Quranic epistemology, Maarif consistently embarks from an in-depth exploration of historical knowledge and then refers to the Qur’an to examine a contemporary reality. This approach was connected by forming the world-view of the Qur’an in order to propose the spirit of moral ethics and the principle of justice as a theological lens which he then use to generate creative-alternative solutions dealing with the nation’s problems through a process of contextualization. Maarif’s Quranic epistemology affirms his project to achieve an idealistic Islam, namely the realization of a Muslim community that is consistently guided by the spirit of the moral ethics of the Qur’an.
MICROBIAL PATTERNS OF HOSPITALIZED HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS ADMITTED IN DR. SOETOMO GENERAL HOSPITAL, SURABAYA INDONESIA
Authors: Tan Feriawan , Triyono Erwin Astha , Wahyunitisari Manik Retno
Published: August 2021

Background: HIV patients with a weak immune system are very vulnerable to opportunistic infections, can trigger systemic endothelial activation and end up as a condition of sepsis. In Indonesia currently, there is no bacterial epidemiological mapping of the etiology of opportunistic infections in HIV patients. Purpose: To determine the pattern of bacteria that cause opportunistic infections and their antibiotic sensitivity in HIV patients. Method: Prospective observational study design. Data were obtained from medical records of hospitalized patients at RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya from August 2019 - February 2020. Result: Out of 64 patients, 83 specimens were found with the most types of gram-negative bacteria 44.6%, while gram-positive bacteria were 15.7% and a mix of 2.4% and 37.3% negative culture. The highest prevalence of gram-negative bacteria was Klebsiella pneumoniae (35.15), followed by Escherichia coli (10.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.1%), and Acinetobacter baumanii (8.1%). The highest prevalence of gram-positive bacteria was Streptococcus mitis / oralis (30.7%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (23.1%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (15.4%). Among gram-negative bacteria antibiotic, Cefoperazone-sulbactam showed the greatest sensitivity, following by Amikacin, Gentamycin and Piperacillin-tazobactam; while among gram-positive bacteria are Chloramphenicol, Linezolid, and Vancomycin. Almost all isolates showed resistance to Ampicillin. Conclusion: Bacteria pattern that caused opportunistic infection in RSUD Dr. Soetomo is K. pneumonia as most common gram-negative bacteria followed by E. coli, P. aeruginosa and A. baumanii; while the most gram-positive bacteria found are S. mitis/oralis and S. aureus. Among antibiotic used, Ampicillin showed the lowest sensitivity to almost all bacteria isolates.