bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytogenetic and Molecular Diagnostics of XX/XY Chimerism in Cattle, Sheep, and Goats – A Review
Authors: Kozubska-Sobocińska Anna , Danielak-Czech Barbara , Rejduch Barbara
Published: April 2016

Animal cell chimerism denotes the presence of two or more cell lines of different genetic origin. The most common form of chimerism, which occurs spontaneously in mammals, is the presence of two or more cell populations in animals derived from dizygotic twin or multiple pregnancies. The aim of this review is to present extensive information on XX/XY chimerism in cattle, sheep and goats from the Bovidae family. Additionally, it will discuss a methodology for a quick and accurate diagnosis of cell chimerism and make an analysis of cells obtained from gonads of animals derived from twin pregnancies which underwent an exchange of hematopoietic tissue as a result of anastomoses. The studies reviewed here led the authors to conclude that XX/XY chimerism is generally undesirable in livestock breeding. Females (freemartins) are infertile, whereas in male carriers of chimerism, the impact of this abnormality on sperm parameters is still under discussion, therefore every case of different-sex twin or multiple births should be analyzed individually.
Epigenetic alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Karachanak-Yankova S , Dimova R , Nikolova D , Nesheva D , Koprinarova M , Maslyankov S , Tafradjiska R , Gateva P , Velizarova M , Hammoudeh Z , Stoynev N , Toncheva D , Tankova T , Dimova I
Published: April 2016

Epigenetic changes, in particular DNA methylation processes, play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) linking genetic and environmental factors. To clarify this role, we have analyzed in patients with different duration of T2DM: (i) expression levels of methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) as marker of DNA methylation, and ii) methylation changes in 22 genes connected to cellular stress and toxicity. We have analyzedMBD2mRNA expression levels in16 patients and 12 controls and the methylation status of stress and toxicity genes in four DNA pools: (i) controls; (ii) newly-diagnosed T2DM patients; (iii) patients with T2DM duration of <5 years and (iv) of >5 years. TheMBD2expression levels were 10.4-times increased on average in T2DM patients compared to controls. Consistent increase in DNA methylation fraction with the increase in T2DM duration was observed inPrdx2andSCARA3genes, connected to oxidative stress protection and inBRCA1andTp53tumor-suppressor genes. In conclusion, increasedMBD2expression in patients indicated general dysregulation of DNA methylation in T2DM. The elevated methylation ofPrdx2andSCARA3genes suggests disturbance in oxidative stress protection in T2DM. The increased methylation ofBRCA1andTp53genes unraveled an epigenetic cause for T2DM related increase in cancer risk.
Association of the ACE rs4646994 and rs4341 polymorphisms with the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in slovenian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Merlo S , Novák J , Tkáčová N , Nikolajević Starčević J , Šantl Letonja M , Makuc J , Cokan Vujkovac A , Letonja J , Bregar D , Zorc M , Rojko M , Mankoč S , Kruzliak P , Petrovič D
Published: April 2016

The current study was designed to reveal possible associations between the angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms (rs4646994 and rs4341) with markers of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a 4-year-long follow-up study. Five hundred and ninety-five T2DM subjects and 200 control subjects were enrolled. Genotyping of ACE polymorphisms was performed using KASPar assays, and ultrasound examinations were performed twice (at the enrollment and at follow-up). With regard to the progression of atherosclerosis in subjects with T2DM, statistically significant differences were demonstrated in the change of the sum of carotid plaques thickness for the rs4646994 polymorphism. We did not demonstrate an association between the tested polymorphisms (rs4646994 and rs4341) and either carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) or CIMT progression in a 3.8-year period. In our study, we demonstrated that subjects with T2DM with the DD genotype of the rs4646994 [ACE insertion/deletion (I/D)] polymorphism had faster progression of atherosclerosis in comparison to subjects with other genotypes.
Sarcolemmal deficiency of sarcoglycan complex in an 18-month-old Turkish boy with a large deletion in the beta sarcoglycan gene
Authors: Diniz G , Tekgul H , Hazan F , Yararbas K , Tukun A
Published: April 2016

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2E (LGMD-2E) is caused by autosomal recessive defects in the beta sarcoglycan (SGCB) gene located on chromosome 4q12. In this case report, the clinical findings, histopathological features and molecular genetic data in a boy with β sarcoglycanopathy are presented. An 18-month-old boy had a very high serum creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) level that was accidentally determined. The results of molecular analyses for the dystrophin gene was found to be normal. He underwent a muscle biopsy which showed dystrophic features. Immunohistochemistry showed that there was a total loss of sarcolemmal sarcoglycan complex. DNA analysis revealed a large homozygous deletion in the SCGB gene. During 4 years of follow-up, there was no evidence to predict a severe clinical course except the muscle enzyme elevation and myopathic electromyography (EMG) finding. The presented milder phenotype of LGMD-2E with a large deletion in the SGCB gene provided additional support for the clinical heterogeneity and pathogenic complexity of the disease.
Technical Assessment of Historic Buildings on The Basis of Information Obtained from a Three-Dimensional Point Clouds / Ocena Stanu Technicznego Budynków Zabytkowych w Oparciu o Dane Uzyskane z Trójwymiarowej Chmury Punktów
Authors: Pawłowicz Joanna A. , Szafranko Elżbieta
Published: April 2016

3D scanning is the most modern method of unlimited possibilities based on laser technology. Its main advantage is the speed of obtaining large amounts of data in a very short time, which gives a huge advantage over existing methods of the measuring. Scanning provides opportunities for use in engineering works, geodetic and the inventory of buildings and objects of a high complexity, as well as in studies of damage or deformation of the structure. 3D scanner is a device, which with high accuracy collects data about the shape and texture of the tested object and its surroundings in the form of a point cloud.
Investigations of mass transfer in annular gas-liquid flow in a microreactor
Authors: Sobieszuk Paweł , Napieralska Karolina
Published: April 2016

The paper presents an investigation of mass transfer in gas-liquid annular flow in a microreactor. The microreactor had a meandered shape with a square cross-section of the channel (292×292 μm, hydraulic diameter 292 μm) and 250 mm in length. The rate of CO2 absorption from the CO2/N2 mixture in NaOH (0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.7 M, 1.0 M and 1.5 M) water solutions was measured. Two velocities of gas flow and two velocities of liquid flow were used. In two cases a fully developed annular flow at the beginning of the channel was observed, whilst in two cases annular flow was formed only in about 2/3 of the microchannel length. Based on the measurements of CO2 absorption rate, the values of volumetric liquid - side mass transfer coefficients with the chemical reaction were determined. Then physical values of coefficients were found. Obtained results were discussed and their values were compared with the values predicted by literature correlations.
Acalyptrate flies (Diptera) on glacial sand deposits in the Hlučínsko region (NE Czech Republic): most interesting records
Authors: Roháček Jindřich
Published: April 2016

Records of six species of the families Ulidiidae, Anthomyzidae, Asteiidae, Milichiidae, Chloropidae and Curtonotidae from glacial sand deposits in the Hlučínsko region (NW Czech Republic) are presented and their association with sandy habitats are discussed. Two thermophilous and/or xerophilous species, Anthomyza elbergi Andersson, 1976 (Anthomyzidae) and Desmometopa discipalpis Papp, 1993 (Milichiidae) represent new additions to the fauna of the Czech Republic. Two psammophilous or psammobiont species, Eutropha variegata Loew, 1866 (Chloropidae) and Curtonotum anus (Meigen, 1830) (Curtonotidae) are recorded for the first time from Moravia and the Czech Silesia respectively, the latter from a locality lying on northern border of its distributional range. Also Asteia elegantula Zetterstedt, 1847 (Asteiidae) is first recorded from the Czech Silesia and Desmometopa discipalpis is recorded from its northernmost known locality. Information on microhabitats of these species and also the psammobiont Tetanops myopina Fallén, 1820 (Ulidiidae) in sandpits are provided and most of them were photographed alive. The origins of populations of these species on glacial sands in the Hlučínsko region are discussed and it is concluded that while Asteia elegantula and Eutropha variegata are widespread in the W Palaearctic, Curtonotum anus and Desmometopa discipalpis are distinctly of southern origin and, most interestingly, Tetanops myopina and Anthomyza elbergi seem to originate from northern Europe and may have reached this area already during the Saalian glaciation (cca 160 000 ya).
Slender-billed Curlew (Numenius tenuirostris) in the Czech Republic: the historical occurrence of this species in Bohemia and its return on the checklist
Authors: Hudeček Jiří J.
Published: April 2016

The Slender-billed Curlew (Numenius tenuirostris) is a higly endangered, almost extinct shorebird species in Europe. This paper describes little-known evidence about its occurrence in the Bohemian territory, which could help to get this species back on the checklist of birds in the Czech Republic.
Vegetation of the Landfill Supíkovice (Olomouc Region, Czech Republic)
Authors: Cimalová Šárka
Published: April 2016

The paper presents the results of floristic and vegetation analyses of the landfill Supíkovice. Ruderal, segetal and meadow vegetation units were recorded in June 2015. The most interesting findings were threatened weed species growing in decontamination patches on loamy and nutrient-poor soils in the central part of the landfill. Dianthus armeria (C4a) and Filago arvensis (C3) are listed in the national Red List of the Czech Republic. Moreover, these taxa were evaluated in the same category of rarity on the regional level. Apart from the above mentioned, Centaurea cyanus (C4a) and Papaver dubium (C4a), registered only in the regional Red List of vascular plants of the Moravian-Silesian Region (see methods), were found. Besides threatened species, relatively small populations of invasive taxa as Erigeron annuus, Impatiens parviflora or Reynoutria sp., were also recorded on the landfill Supíkovice.
The risk of collapse in abandoned mine sites: the issue of data uncertainty
Authors: Longoni Laura , Papini Monica , Brambilla Davide , Arosio Diego , Zanzi Luigi
Published: April 2016

Ground collapses over abandoned underground mines constitute a new environmental risk in the world. The high risk associated with subsurface voids, together with lack of knowledge of the geometric and geomechanical features of mining areas, makes abandoned underground mines one of the current challenges for countries with a long mining history. In this study, a stability analysis of Montevecchia marl mine is performed in order to validate a general approach that takes into account the poor local information and the variability of the input data. The collapse risk was evaluated through a numerical approach that, starting with some simplifying assumptions, is able to provide an overview of the collapse probability. The final results is an easy-accessible-transparent summary graph that shows the collapse probability. This approach may be useful for public administrators called upon to manage this environmental risk. The approach tries to simplify this complex problem in order to achieve a roughly risk assessment, but, since it relies on just a small amount of information, any final user should be aware that a comprehensive and detailed risk scenario can be generated only through more exhaustive investigations.
Comparison of Two Ultrasonic Systems with Different Settings for Extraction of Capsaicinoids from Chili Peppers
Authors: Bajer Tomáš , Bajerová Petra , Kremr Daniel , Eisner Aleš , Adam Martin , Ventura Karel
Published: April 2016

Two ultrasonic systems were compared with different settings for extraction of capsaicinoids (capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin and nordihydrocapsaicin) from chili peppers. The first system was ultrasonic homogenizer using an ultrasonic probe operating at a working frequency of 20 kHz, with variable setting of power output. The second one was ultrasonic cleaner operating at a working frequency of 35 kHz, with fixed power output of 50 W. Determination of the optimum extraction procedures was performed by comparison of the extraction yields. Content of capsaicinoids was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Optimization studies of extractions by both ultrasonic systems were performed. Ten various real samples of chili underwent optimum extraction conditions in both ultrasonic systems. The results were compared with each other and to a conventional Soxhlet extraction. The ultrasonic methods provide the higher extraction efficiency and simple and straightforward operation. System working at higher power of ultrasound resulted in higher extraction yields. An application of ultrasonic system working at lower frequency of ultrasonic waves is slightly advantageous.
Heat meets light on the nanoscale
Authors: Boriskina Svetlana V. , Tong Jonathan K. , Hsu Wei-Chun , Liao Bolin , Huang Yi , Chiloyan Vazrik , Chen Gang
Published: April 2016

We discuss the state-of-the-art and remaining challenges in the fundamental understanding and technology development for controlling light-matter interactions in nanophotonic environments in and away from thermal equilibrium. The topics covered range from the basics of the thermodynamics of light emission and absorption to applications in solar thermal energy generation, thermophotovoltaics, optical refrigeration, personalized cooling technologies, development of coherent incandescent light sources, and spinoptics.
Kerr optical frequency combs: theory, applications and perspectives
Authors: Chembo Yanne K.
Published: April 2016

The optical frequency comb technology is one of the most important breakthrough in photonics in recent years. This concept has revolutionized the science of ultra-stable lightwave and microwave signal generation. These combs were originally generated using ultrafast mode-locked lasers, but in the past decade, a simple and elegant alternativewas proposed,which consisted in pumping an ultra-high-Q optical resonator with Kerr nonlinearity using a continuous-wave laser. When optimal conditions are met, the intracavity pump photons are redistributed via four-wave mixing to the neighboring cavity modes, thereby creating the so-called Kerr optical frequency comb. Beyond being energy-efficient, conceptually simple, and structurally robust, Kerr comb generators are very compact devices (millimetric down to micrometric size) which can be integrated on a chip. They are, therefore, considered as very promising candidates to replace femtosecond mode-locked lasers for the generation of broadband and coherent optical frequency combs in the spectral domain, or equivalently, narrow optical pulses in the temporal domain. These combs are, moreover, expected to provide breakthroughs in many technological areas, such as integrated photonics, metrology, optical telecommunications, and aerospace engineering. The purpose of this review article is to present a comprehensive survey of the topic of Kerr optical frequency combs.We provide an overview of the main theoretical and experimental results that have been obtained so far. We also highlight the potential of Kerr combs for current or prospective applications, and discuss as well some of the open challenges that are to be met at the fundamental and applied level.
The Effect of Institutional Quality on Bank Lending in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
Authors: Gani Azmat , Al-Muharrami Saeed
Published: April 2016

This paper examines the effect of institutional quality on lending by banks in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) group of countries. The methodology included the estimation of a reduced form regression equation utilizing cross country data for a range of variables capturing institutional quality. The empirical findings provide evidence that conventional institutional quality measured by: the time taken to enforce a contract, regulatory quality, the rule of law and government effectiveness; are inversely correlated with the lending by the banks, among other factors. Interestingly, our findings revealed that
East European Migrant Women in Greece. Intergenerational Cultural Knowledge Transfer and Adaptation in a Context of Crisis
Authors: Michail Domna , Christou Anastasia
Published: April 2016

This paper draws on a larger oral history project entitled ‘Gendered Histories of Resilience and Resistance: East European Women’s Narratives of Mobility and Survival’, a narrative ethnography of Albanian, Bulgarian, Romanian, and Polish immigrant women living in Greece. The paper explores intergenerational cultural knowledge transfer and adaptation in a context of crisis with an analysis contextualised within the current crisis in Greece. We consider here the degree of uncertainty and the emotional challenges and constraints, but consider also the creativity and agency that participants display. Following on from that we aim to unravel the impact of ‘family and cultural values’ on migrants’ everyday lives in the diaspora.
The Greek ‘Forced Loan’ during the Second World War. Demand for Reparations or Restitution?
Authors: Kilian Jürgen
Published: April 2016

In the wake of the discussions in the European Union about how to cope with Greek indebtedness, Greece has insisted on German repayment of the ‘Forced Loan’ (Zwangsanleihe) transacted during the Second World War. As yet, the legal and economic status of this financial transaction has not been clearly determined. Clarification in this regard would represent an important prerequisite for assessing the lawfulness of Greek claims. Instead, the lack of definition of the ‘Forced Loan’ has led to fierce arguments in the media; even in academic discourse, interpretation of the historical documents has been characterised by emotional opinions and rhetorical attacks. The author contributes to the discussion by offering in-depth insights into the historical context by considering sources that until now have received little to no attention.
Verfahren zum Abgleich von Gradiometern für medizinische Anwendungen
Authors: Heidary Dastjerdi Maral , Kanoun Olfa , Himmel Jörg
Published: April 2016

Die elektrischen Eigenschaften biologischen Gewebes enthalten
Informationen über dessen Art und Gesundheitszustand. Um diese
Eigenschaften, berührungsfrei und ohne Gewebeschädigung, zu erfassen,
beschäftigt sich eines der Forschungsfelder seit Jahrzehnten mit
magnetisch-induktiven Messtechniken, wie beispielsweise der
Gradiometrie. Gradiometer sind sehr gut zur Erfassung kleinster
Änderungen der elektrischen Eigenschaften von biologischem Gewebe
geeignet. Ihre Empfindlichkeit hängt jedoch sehr stark vom Grad der
Verstimmung ab, welche sich nicht einfach einstellen lässt. Im
aktuellen Stand der Forschung und Entwicklung wird daher auf SQUIDs,
einer supraleitenden Quanteninterferenzeinheit, zurückgegriffen, um
geringe Magnefeldänderungen sehr präzise zu erfassen. Diese sind
jedoch in Kühlung und Abschirmung sehr kostenaufwendig und schwierig
im Aufbau. Gegenstand dieser Veröffentlichung sind axiale Gradiometer
unterschiedlicher geometrischer Verstimmung. Versuchsergebnisse
zeigen, welchen Einfluss unterschiedliche Verstimmungen des
Gradiometers auf das Messsignal haben. Zudem wird ein Konzept
vorgestellt, das es erlaubt Gradiometer elektrisch einstellbar zu
machen.
The Boom List
Authors: Staff Boom
Published: April 2016

Boom’s quarterly guide to new books to read, places to visit, and things to do this spring in California
José Revueltas y la filosofía latinoamericana: imágenes cinematográficas del mundo
Authors: Sánchez Lopera Alejandro
Published: April 2016

En este artículo sostengo que la obra del escritor mexicano José Revueltas Sánchez (1914-1976) se aleja de las convenciones de la filosofía latinoamericana, al dejar atrás la experiencia del lamento y la nostalgia por la unidad perdida, así como el extravío del ser sepultado por el colonialismo. Argumento, además, que a ello Revueltas opone un pensamiento sin finalidad y un análisis antimoralista de la verdad. Para lograrlo, postulo que Revueltas utiliza un método basado en la construcción de una imagen cinematográfica del pensamiento. Esto permite construir otra imagen de América Latina, y de su filosofía, por fuera de la moral del sufrimiento o la victimización por parte de Europa. Esa imagen es la de Latinoamérica como isla y no como continente.
Barreras en la atención de la salud sexual en Argentina: percepción de las mujeres que tienen sexo con mujeres
Authors: Silberman Pedro , Buedo Paola Estefania , Burgos Lucrecia
Published: April 2016

El objetivo es describir las barreras en la atención de la salud sexual de las Mujeres que tienen Sexo con Mujeres (MSM) en Argentina durante el año 2013.

Métodos Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, cuantitativo. Se realizó una encuesta por internet, de abril a julio a mujeres homo y bisexuales mayores de 18 años que residen en Argentina, mediante la metodología de bola de nieve.

Resultados Se encuestaron 161 mujeres, de las cuales el 97,5 % asistió alguna vez a un médico, éste no interrogo sobre su orientación sexual en el 82,8 %. El 93,6 % no recibió información; el 83,8 % percibe poco/nada de riesgo de contraer ETS. El 48,4 % desconocen métodos de protección entre mujeres. Refirieron no utilizarlos el 77,5 %, siendo los motivos: pareja estable, incomodidad y que no se consiguen.

Discusión Los resultados de la presente investigación identifican la baja percepción de las MSM sobre las ETS, y la dificultad del abordaje de los profesionales de la salud en torno a esta temática.
Buenas prácticas para la selección de recursos educativos abiertos: experiencias del MOOC innovación educativa con REA
Authors: Acuña Sossa Mildred , Gil Rendón María Eugenia , Sandoval Poveda Alicia María
Published: April 2016

El artículo expone la indagación acerca de los Recursos Educativos Abiertos (REA) con la colaboración interuniversitaria entre el Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, México, y la Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica. Esta temática ha sido poco estudiada y ambas universidades se vieron en la necesidad de conocer cómo se realiza la selección de estos recursos. Asimismo, expresa las buenas prácticas de selección de REA utilizadas por los participantes en el curso Innovación Educativa con Recursos Abiertos que se facilitó mediante el formato Massive Open Online Course (MOOC por sus siglas en inglés) y así, formular recomendaciones que orienten su elección. Con una investigación exploratoria de tipo cualitativo se realizó una revisión de instrumentos de autoevaluación completados por los participantes, se generaron categorías para describir los aportes publicados en los foros del curso y las tareas que completaron los participantes con respecto al tema de REA. Se concluyó que lo habitual es hacer una valoración directa del recurso antes de usarlo o consultar con colegas o expertos en la materia para hacer una selección adecuada y útil para la práctica educativa. También se destacó que la búsqueda de estos recursos se realiza con la ayuda del navegador web Google, en las revistas digitales y las bases de datos institucionales. Además, se resalta la necesidad de un mejor manejo de los REA por parte de los participantes del curso, y de generar más habilidades para su búsqueda y selección.
El nivel educativo y socioeconómico del hogar y habilidades pre-lectoras en escuelas urbano y urbano-marginales de la provincia de Mendoza-Argentina
Authors: Canales Jara Yanina , Porta María Elsa
Published: April 2016

En Argentina, las dificultades en la adquisición de la lectura se originan en diferencias lingüísticas asociadas al nivel sociocultural donde se desarrollan los niños.  El objetivo de este artículo es analizar, en escolares de 4 y 5 años, la relación entre el nivel educativo y socioeconómico del hogar con habilidades lingüísticas precursoras de la lectura.  Esta es una investigación de carácter cuantitativo y de profundidad comparativa. Se evaluaron 120 niños y niñas de salas de 4 y 5 años de Jardín de Infantes de escuelas urbanas (n= 60) y urbano-marginales (n= 60). El nivel socioeconómico del hogar y educativo de los padres se calculó a partir de datos de los registros escolares. En los niños y niñas se evaluó el nivel de vocabulario, conocimiento del nombre y sonido de la letra y conciencia fonológica. Se observó un efecto significativo de la zona sobre el nivel educativo de los padres y el socioeconómico. Se obtuvieron correlaciones positivas del nivel socioeconómico y educativo con el conocimiento del nombre y sonido de la letra. Ambas variables contextuales explicaron parte de la varianza en el conocimiento del nombre y sonido de las letras en niños y niñas de 4 años únicamente: 6% y 13% respectivamente. Los resultados sugieren que las variables contextuales influyen en el conocimiento alfabético pre-escolar que presentan los niños y las niñas y que la intervención pedagógica recibida en la escuela promueve el desarrollo de habilidades lingüísticas. Frente a contextos socioeconómicos heterogéneos, la educación escolar es una variable protectora que regula las desigualdades de orden social promoviendo el desarrollo de habilidades lingüísticas precursoras de la lectura al inicio de la escolaridad.
Stream fish fauna from the tributaries of the upper Itapetininga River, upper Paranapanema River basin, state of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Cerqueira Vitor Loreno de Almeida , Carvalho Mauricio De Proença , Almeida Rodrigo Da Silva , Ferreira Fabio Cop , Cetra Mauricio , Smith Welber Senteio
Published: April 2016

The study area, which is located in urban and rural areas within the upper Paranapanema River basin, is undergoing several types of anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic impacts, such as chemical alterations, habitat disruption, and biological invasions. The aim of this study is to describe the fish faunal composition from tributaries of the Itapetininga River, upper Paranapanema River basin, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Herein, we include a list of 49 fish species, belonging to seven orders, 19 families and 35 genera, captured from September 2009 to November 2013. Thus, the present study fills part of the knowledge gap about the fish fauna from tributaries of the Paranapanema basin by adding data from small tributaries not studied so far. Moreover, our findings can help inform future conservational and/or management strategies within the upper Paranapanema basin.
Learning Potential and the Dynamic Assessment of L2 Chinese Grammar through Elicited Imitation
Authors: Zhang Haomin (Stanley) , van Compernolle Rémi A.
Published: April 2016

This article outlines an approach to evaluating second language grammatical learning potential through dynamic assessment ofelicited imitation. Focus is on the design of a sandwich format dynamic assessment in which learners engage in a pretest ofindependent performance, followed by a mediation phase in which instructional support is provided, and then a retest of independent performance. The assessment centers on learners’ responsiveness to support as measured by gains made between the pretest and the retest and the calculation of a learning potential score. We report on a small-scale implementation of the test with four intermediate-level and two elementary-level university learners of Chinese and their emerging comprehension of, and ability to produce, progressive and experiential aspect constructions. Results show significant gains with large effect sizes following mediation, which is one indication that the assessment was successful in evaluating learning potential.
Culture-Centric Vs. Person-Centered Cultural Psychology and Political Philosophy
Authors: Ratner Carl
Published: April 2016

My work in cultural psychology – i.e., sociocultural theory – has two branches. One is the study of psychological phenomena as cultural phenomena. The other is the study of the discipline of cultural psychology as a cultural phenomenon. By this I mean the concepts and methods and interventions that the discipline employs, and the cultural factors that shape them. The discipline of cultural psychology is as culturally shaped as the psychology of the people it studies. It can be as culturally mystified as the psychology of the people it studies.
SOSYAL MEDYA REKLAMLARINDA TÜKETİCİ ALGILAMALARI İLE SATIN ALMA NİYETİ VE AĞIZDAN AĞIZA İLETİŞİM ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
Authors: TURGUT Ecehan , AKYOL Ayşe , GİRAY Selay
Published: April 2016

İlerleyen teknolojinin de yardımıyla oluşan yeni iletişim çevresinde sosyal medya, kullanıcılarının bilgi ve tecrübelerini paylaştığı sanal bir platform olarak tanımlanabilir. Tüketiciler işte veya evde daha çok vakit geçirdikçe sosyal medya kullanımları artmakta, bu tüketiciler reklam yoluyla ürün ve hizmetler ile ilgili daha fazla bilgi edinmektedir. Bu çalışmada online reklamlar, satın alma niyeti ve ağızdan ağıza iletişim arasındaki etkileşiminin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma keşfedici ve tanımlayıcı bir araştırmadır. Süre olarak ise anlık olarak yürütülmüştür. Kolayda örnekleme ile seçilen 233 facebook kullanıcısı üzerinde anket tekniği kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Anket formunda daha önce hazırlanmış ve başka araştırmacılar tarafından kullanılmış ölçekler kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS ve NCSS 2007 programları kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Verilere güvenilirlik analizi uygulanmış ve yüksek güvenilirlik sonucu alınmıştır. Anket sonuçları değerlendirilmesinde, Faktör Analizi, Kanonik Korelasyon Analizi ve Çoklu Regresyon Analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda sosyal medya reklamlarının satın alma niyeti ve ağızdan ağıza iletişim üzerinde etkisi olduğu gözlenmiştir.
Remedial Principles and Meaningful Engagement in Education Rights Disputes
Authors: Liebenberg Sandra
Published: April 2016

This article evaluates the meaningful engagement doctrine in the education rights jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court in the light of a set of normative principles developed by Susan Sturm for evaluating participatory public law remedies. It commences by identifying four principles for evaluating participatory remedies appropriate to South African constitutional law and jurisprudence. Thereafter the relevant jurisprudence is analysed and evaluated in the light of these principles. The article concludes by making proposals for the development of meaningful engagement as a participatory remedy in educational rights disputes. These proposals seek to ensure a better alignment between the meaningful engagement remedy and the four remedial principles identified.
History of European and national toys
Authors: Smirnova E.O. , Sokolova M.V.
Published: April 2016

The article examines the role of toys in the life and development of children. It traces the developmental trajectory of shaped toys in Europe and Russia from antiquity to the present day. It also shows the role of ideological factors in shaping the image of toys as well as long lasting contradiction between the developing features of toys and their market values. The article presents the comparative analysis of the image and the playing potential of the traditional and modern popular dolls. Functions of toys as mediums and tools for the transmission of cultural norms is exemplifies by gender stereotypes: it shows how the peculiarity of toys for boys and girls, affects the nature of the game. In the conclusion the article examines the main trends and problems of development of the market of modern toys.
Revisitando Cohen e Barnes em “Pedagogia e política”
Authors: Barretto Elba Siqueira de Sá
Published: April 2016

Os formuladores das políticas educacionais usualmente não costumam atinar com as aprendizagens que elas requerem dos responsáveis pela sua execução. Mesmo as políticas mais elementares demandam consideráveis aprendizagens daqueles que as porão em prática, do que decorre que políticas que propõem mudanças profundas certamente demandam grande esforço educativo. Esse é o argumento que desenvolvem David Cohen e Carol Barnes no trabalho indicado, ao analisar as reformas educacionais do período pós-guerra aos anos 1980 nos Estados Unidos. Trata-se de um texto de 1993, decorridos, portanto, mais de 20 anos da sua publicação, mas que, a nosso ver, merece ser revisitado, não apenas porque faz uma boa síntese das políticas educativas nesse país no intervalo de tempo considerado, mas pela oportunidade das reflexões que traz, particularmente quando se tem em conta o contexto brasileiro atual e a natureza das reformas da educação básica em curso.
Evaluation of the protective effect of the acid-tolerant engineered bacterial strain M. elsdenii H6F32 as a probiotic fed to sheep duringthe lactic acidosis challenge
Authors: Long Miao , LI Peng , Zhang Yi , Chen Xinliang , Gao Zenggui , Liu Guowen
Published: April 2016

This study was conducted to determine if adding the acid-tolerant engineered bacterial strain M. elsdenii H6F32 to the rumen of sheep would reduce the risk of lactic acidosis. Lactic acidosis were induced by feed challenges in three groups of six sheep intraruminally dosed with wheat. In each group, sheep were not supplemented(C) or supplemented with the original bacterial strain M.elsdenii H6(H6) or the acid-tolerant engineered bacterial strain M.elsdenii H6F32(H6F32). Compared with C, the concentrations of ruminal lactic acid were decreased and the pH were increased both in H6 and H6H32(P<0.05). Moreover, the engineered strain H6H32 had the much better ability to decrease lactic acid and increase pH. Meanwhile, a greater concentrations of total VFA were in H6F32. The concentrations of ruminal acetate and butyrate in H6F32 were lower than that in C and H6. However, the propionate was much higher in H6F32. Conclusions about protection against lactic acidosis by the acid-tolerant bacterial strain M. elsdenii H6F32 could be reached. It may be that the engineered strain H6F32 could grow well and increases the microbial fermentative activity and increased VFAs production in the rumen at the expense of lactate during the lactic acidosis challenge.
Effect of dietary supplementation of poly-herbal mixture and butyric acidon milk production, milk quality and somatic cell counts ofpostpartum Murrah buffaloes
Authors: Chandra Subhash , Oberoi P. S. , Bhakat M. , Yogi R. K. , Yadav Archana , Singh P. K. , Kumar Amit
Published: April 2016

This study evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation of poly-herbal mixture and butyric acid on the milk yield, milk quality and somatic cell counts in Murrah buffaloes up to 90 days of lactation. Thirty six Murrah buffaloes were divided into four groups viz.; T0 control (n=9; Body Weight (BW)=666.22±31.30 kg, Most Probable Production Ability (MPPA)=1834 kg, Parity (P)=3.44) without any supplementation, T1 (n=9; BW=661.89±42.13 kg, MPPA=1860 kg, P=3.56) poly-herbal mixture, T2 (n=9; BW=664.22±14.81, MPPA=1907 kg, P=3.33) poly-herbal mixture + butyric acid and T3 (n=9; BW=672.00±17.97, MPPA=1891 kg, P=3.44) butyric acid on the basis of MPPA and P. In T1 group poly-herbal mixture was supplemented for seven days postpartum and in T2 group poly-herbal mixture was supplemented for seven days post-partum along with butyric acid for 30 days pre-partum and 30 days post-partum. In T3 group only butyric acid was supplemented for 30 days during pre-partum and 30 days post-partum periods. The results depicted that milk yield (T1-9.91±1.10, T2-9.72±1.18, T3-9.47±1.38 and T0-8.62±0.97 kg/day), fat corrected milk yield (6%) (T1-18.23±2.03, T2-18.45±2.28, T3-17.79±2.59 and T0-15.59±1.77 kg/day) and average total solid (T1-17.34±0.3, T2-17.80±0.40, T3-17.43±0.29 and T0-6.74±0.25) were significantly higher (P<0.05) in supplemented (T1, T2 and T3) groups as compared to control group (T0). No significant change in milk protein, lactose and SNF but the values was on higher side in treatment group. Somatic cell count (SCC) was significantly (P<0.05) lower in poly-herbal mixture and butyric acid supplemented groups as compared to control group. From the present study it was concluded that poly-herbal mixture and butyric acid supplementation during transition period has beneficial effect in improving milk production and udder health.
PEROLEHAN DAN HAK WARIS DARI ISTRI KEDUA, KETIGA DAN KEEMPAT DALAM HUKUM KEWARISAN ISLAM DI INDONESIA1 (SEBUAH PEMAHAMAN DENGAN ILMU HUKUM, FILSAFAT HUKUM DAN PARADIGMATIK)
Authors: Sukardi Didi
Published: April 2016

Dalam hukum kewarisan Islam merupakan hukum yang berasal dari Al-Qur‟an dimana kebenaran akan ajaran atau teori mutlak benar karena merupakan wahyu dari Tuhan. Hukum kewarisan Islam secara teori umum adalah merupakan hukum yang disampaikan oleh Allah SWT kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW untuk diberlakukan dan dijadikan hukum oleh umat manusia. Dalam filsafat hukum dikatakan bahwa hukum untuk manusia, dalam Islam berlaku hukum kewarisan Islam merupakan hal mutlak karena telah diatur didalamnya. Permasalahan muncul di dalam penerapannya di masyarakat terutama dalam hal hak dan perolehan istri kedua, istri ketiga dan istri keempat. Adanya diskriminasi dalam pembagian waris yang menyalahi aturan dan ketentuan yang ada serta adanya sikap mental yang tidak atau enggan untuk melakukan dan mengikuti kententuan hukum kewarisan Islam terhadap perolehan dan hak kewarisan terhadap istri kedua, istri ketiga atau keempat bagi pelaku pernikahan poligami dengan alasan ingin menguasai harta peninggalan dan alasan lainnya.
KOMISI YUDISIAL DAN PENGAWASAN HAKIM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Wiriadinata Wahyu
Published: April 2016

Tulisan ini dibuat untuk mengetahui efektivitas Komisi Yudisial dalam pengawasan terhadap hakim di Indonesia dan penyebab hal tersebut. Kasus-kasus penindakan hakim yang melanggar kode etik hakim maupun melanggar hukum sudah menjadi fenomena saat ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah “penelitian hukum normatif/yuridis normatif, data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Analisis deskriptif kualitatif yaitu metode analisis data yang mengelompokkan dan menyeleksi data primer berupa undang-undang, kemudian dihubungkan dengan teori-teori, asas-asas, dan kaidah-kaidah hukum yang diperoleh dari studi kepustakaan yang berkaitan dengan obyek penelitian yaitu Komisi Yudisial, sehingga diperoleh jawaban atas permasalahan yang dirumuskan. Dari hasil penelitian dimaksud ditemukan jawaban bahwa peran Komisi Yudisial dalam rangka pengawasan terhadap para hakim belum efektif. Hal ini disebabkan oleh karena diantaranya tidak mempunyai kewenangan untuk menjatuhkan hukuman administrasi sendiri terhadap hakim dan tidak mempunyai kewenangan penyidikan terhadap para hakim yang terbukti di dalam pemeriksaan melanggar aturan pidana.
PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PERSELISIHAN TRADISIONAL DAN EKSPRESI BUDAYA ANTAR NEGARA: SENGKETA LAGU RASA SAYANGE ANTARA NEGARA INDONESIA DAN NEGARA MALAYSIA
Authors: Purnamasari Wulan Anggiet
Published: April 2016

Pengetahuan tradisional dan ekspresi budaya tradisional merupakan bagian identitas bangsa dan asset nasional yang harus dikembangkan, dilindungi, dipromosikan, dilestarikan dan dimanfaatkan dalam skala lokal, nasional dan internasional. Bahwa pengetahuan tradisional dan ekspresi budaya tradisional juga merupakan dari kekayaan dan bangsa dan negara yang harus dilindungi. Bahwa Indonesia sendiri belum memiliki Undang-Undang yang khusus mengatur tentang Pengetahuan Tradisional dan Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional, begitu juga dengan konvensi Internasional belum memiliki kesepakatan yang mengatur mengenai ketentuan hukum terkait dengan penyelesaian perselisihan sengketa pengakuan tradisional dan ekspresi budaya antar Negara. Sengketa perselisihan pengakuan tradisional dan ekspresi budaya antar Negara dapat menyebabkan ketidak harmonisan hubungan antar Negara, yang dapat menyebabkan konflik yang berkepanjangan.
Employer perspectives of the current and future value of STEM graduate skills and attributes: An Australian study
Authors: Rayner Gerry , Papakonstantinou Theo
Published: April 2016

Graduate employability has become increasingly contentious as employers call for greater development, evaluation and benchmarking of student skills and capabilities in university courses. However, the increasing range of graduate attributes and competencies demanded by industry is further pressuring an Australian higher education sector already stretched by greater student numbers and declines in government funding. Given these circumstances, there is a need to better understand employer perspectives of the current and future value of vocational, interpersonal and generic attributes of STEM graduates. A survey of STEM graduate employers showed that vocational skills, such as graduates' abilities to contextually apply and develop knowledge, together with generic skills such as critical thinking and problem solving, were valued most highly. Conversely, self-confidence and independence, along with numeracy and related skills, were valued least by the employers. However, attributes such as flexibility / adaptability, self-confidence, personal planning and organisation and developing knowledge relevant to the position were all predicted to become significantly more valuable in a decade's time. The results of this study suggest that Australian undergraduate STEM curricula, which commonly focus on knowledge acquisition, be redesigned and restructured to provide students with opportunities to apply such knowledge more often, and in real life, industry-based contexts, such as WIL and IBL programs. Through such initiatives, together with greater dialogue and collaboration between academics and employers, employability skills and attributes can be better inculcated in undergraduates, to the benefit of graduates and society as a whole.
Análise Integrada De Viabilidade Econômica De Projetos Aplicada À Substituição De Uma Máquina
Authors: Vilela João H. S. , Silva Marco Aurélio Vallim Reis , Quintairos Paulo
Published: April 2016

O estudo de viabilidade de projetos é muito importante para o processo de tomada de decisão empresarial, uma vez que o sucesso de um empreendimento será determinado pela escolha de alternativas de investimentos que criem valor para os proprietários da empresa. O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a viabilidade econômica da substituição de uma máquina de acabamento na empresa Mahle Componentes de Motores do Brasil Ltda., localizada no município de Itajubá, no estado brasileiro de Minas Gerais. Atualmente existem, nesta empresa, três máquinas Roto Finish em operação. O estudo apresentado avalia a substituição destas por uma máquina Loeser, a qual foi desenvolvida pelo Grupo Mahle Mundial, em parceria com fornecedores exclusivos. Os projetos foram analisados dentro dos parâmetros de aceitação do Grupo Mahle Mundial. As conclusões obtidas, através da análise do fluxo de caixa dos projetos e do valor presente líquido (VPL), da Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR) e do método do Payback, mostram que a substituição das máquinas Roto Finish pela Loeser é economicamente viável.
A CPL NA SOCIEDADE DO CONHECIMENTO
Authors: Ciancio Patrisia
Published: April 2016

A demanda por uma infra-estutura online tem sido pensada pela Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa (CPLP), que registra preocupação com sua entrada na sociedade do conhecimento nas atas das reuniões de chefes de Estado, e seus desdobramentos, ocorridas a cada dois anos. No entanto, faltam projetos concretos a esta proposta. O enquadramento teórico da pesquisa que se apresenta está no terreno flutuante da Lusofonia, que em sua descontinuidade territorial e fragmentação se projeta em alternativas “tecnoculturais”. As missões colonizadoras pontilharam um trajeto invisível. Esfera que, de algum modo, persiste e pode ser restaurada na criação de comunidades virtuais com uso de novas tecnologias para refazer este percurso, agora em concepção inversa, que privilegia o mosaico cultural dos povos. Um círculo virtual que pede por ser também virtuoso. O objetivo é delimitar bases para uma proposta prática de criação de novos canais de interação. Para alcançar tais constatações, a metodologia empregada foi uma análise documental que verifica os debates ao redor da comunicação ao longo de dez anos (1996 a 2006) na CPLP.
OS LIMITES DO ‘DESENVOLVIMENTO LOCAL’ E AS POSSIBILIDADES ABERTAS PELA ABORDAGEM DIALÉTICA PROPOSTA POR DAVID HARVEY PARA COMPREENDER UMA REGIÃO
Authors: Faé Rogério , Flores Rafael Kruter
Published: April 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é fundamentar a escolha pela perspectiva teórica do materialismo histórico-geográfico, desenvolvida pelo geógrafo David Harvey para compreender uma região. Para tanto, apresentamos e discutimos também os referenciais predominantes nas análises sobre regiões, com o intuito de demonstrar os limites desses referenciais e as possibilidades abertas pela perspectiva de Harvey. Assim, apresentamos alguns dos principais conceitos que têm orientado as ações de governos dos mais diversos matizes; a abordagem de David Harvey bem como seus pressupostos teóricos e históricos; e uma análise comparativa em que demonstramos as limitações dos referenciais predominantes e as possibilidades da perspectiva do último autor. Ao final, conclui-se que o materialismo histórico-geográfico permite compreender que as dinâmicas sociais e econômicas de uma região se caracterizam em processos conflituosos e contraditórios e resultam em uma configuração regional específica e transitória.
O IMPACTO DO ENCERRAMENTO DO ATERRO METROPOLITANO DE JARDIM GRAMACHO PARA OS COMERCIANTES DO SETOR INFORMAL DE ALIMENTOS DA REGIÃO
Authors: Ribeiro Ricardo Laino , Do Carmo Maria Scarlet
Published: April 2016

O bairro de Jardim Gramacho, localizado no município de Duque de Caxias, construiu, desde seu início, uma história socioeconômica pautada pela renda gerada pelo aterro metropolitano. Se por um lado seu encerramento era necessário devido às ameaças ao meio ambiente, por outro, era preocupante tendo em vista o impacto que causaria aos trabalhadores diretos e indiretos da catação. O objetivo deste artigo foi investigar o que pensavam e quais estratégias elaboravam os comerciantes do setor informal de alimentos com o encerramento do aterro. Foi realizado um estudo de caso, mediante entrevistas com oito comerciantes locais no período de maio a dezembro de 2012. Os resultados indicam que os comerciantes, que tinham como principal cliente os catadores da região, não acreditavam no fechamento, ocorrido no mês de junho de 2013, principalmente pelo desemprego, fome e pobreza que tal fato poderia gerar. Contudo, tal encerramento ocasionou um impacto socioeconômico significativo, fechando vários segmentos do comércio local. Dentre os impactos gerados pelo fechamento do aterro destacam-se a necessidade de migração, gerada pela redução das possibilidades de geração de renda e de trabalho no mesmo local, e a mudança de atividade de subsistência.