bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of processing conditions and gelling agent on physical and sensorial properties of pecan oil-dulce de leche gummy candies
Authors: Ranalli Natalia , Adornato Luz , Califano Alicia Noemí , Andrés Silvina Cecilia
Published: December 2020

Abstract For the development of gelatinized dairy products that include emulsified pecan oil as an unsaturated fatty acid source the incorporation of hydrocolloids becomes necessary and their properties must be carefully selected. This work aimed to study gelatinized candies made with 0% milk fat dulce de leche with pre-emulsified pecan nut oil using combinations of gelatin (4.67 to 7 g/100 g) and high methoxyl pectin (1.33 to 2 g/100 g) as gelling agents. The effect of different drying methods (vacuum-oven at 35 °C for 24 h and freeze-drying) was evaluated. Control samples without drying were also studied. Dehydration conditions significantly (p < 0.05) affected aw, texture (hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, gumminess, springiness, and resilience) and color parameters (L*, a*, b*) of products, being higher than the effect of the gelling agent. Formulations were selected based on texture and aw criteria and sensory evaluated by appearance, color, texture, taste, and overall acceptability. Two formulations (one with 7% gelatin and 1.33% high methoxyl pectin content, and the other with 2% high methoxyl pectin and 4.67% gelatin content), both with low moisture content and vacuum-dried, exhibited good acceptability. These pecan oil-dulce de leche gummy candies would represent a healthier candy version, low in saturated fatty acids, and source of oleic acid.
Um movimento social visto por dentro:a proposta contra-hegemônica do Movimento “Direitos Urbanos”
Authors: Santos Jouberte Maria Leandro , Mello Sérgio Carvalho Benício de
Published: December 2020

Resumo Este estudo objetiva analisar o discurso do movimento social “Direitos Urbanos” (DU) e compreender como esse movimento se articula para desafiar discursos hegemônicos do urbanismo moderno e promover discursos alternativos ao modelo neoliberal. Para tal, utilizamos o aporte teórico da teoria dos Novos Movimentos Sociais (NMS). A arqueologia foucaultiana, com o objetivo de identificar as estratégias de construção do discurso do DU a partir dos sujeitos que o constituem, foi utilizada. As análises indicaram o DU como um centro contra-hegemônico, resistente e combativo ao modelo de gestão urbana desenvolvido na cidade do Recife, afirmando um projeto alternativo de cidade. O DU possui hierarquia fluida, estratégias dinâmicas e contingenciais, atua em rede e aglomera-se para demandas específicas.
O som dos maracás (homenagem a Ailton Krenak): medicinas indígenas e saúde pública
Authors: Cardoso Marina
Published: December 2020

Resumo Durante a última década assistimos ao retrocesso paulatino das políticas públicas de atenção à saúde indígena no Brasil, principalmente no que concerne aos pilares básicos da sua formulação, construídos a partir da década de 1980: atenção específica e diferenciada, participação e controle social. Este texto, apesar de citar alguns momentos críticos desse processo, dá ensejo a algumas reflexões sobre os modos como as políticas e as práticas, essencialmente biomédicas, podem ser compreendidas no contexto mais geral das sociedades indígenas no país.
Los nuevos servicios locales de Educación Pública de Chile: desafíos del proceso de implementación inicial
Authors: Donoso-Díaz Sebastián
Published: December 2020

Resumen Se analiza el proceso de instalación de los nuevos sistemas locales de Educación pública escolar, dirigido al fortalecimiento del sector, tras experimentar un importante deterioro en las últimas cuatro décadas. El proceso se desarrolla en un escenario internacional orientado en sentido contrario: privilegiar la privatización del sector. Para comprender el fenómeno se explicitan desde la perspectiva de los ciclos políticos, los trayectos históricos del país en las últimas décadas, las características del sistema municipal de Educación y el complejo avance de la implementación de los nuevos servicios locales en la actualidad. Se exponen las influencias técnicas de la ley, la simultaneidad de tareas y las tensiones políticas que genera una normativa basada en derechos sociales implementada por un gobierno con más interés en lo privado, en un escenario de incertezas que se busca precisar y reducir.
Experiencias y saberes pedagógicos de docentes en el comienzo del oficio educativo: una indagación narrativa*
Authors: Fernández Julio Hizmeri , Sanzan Gladys Contreras , Molina Carolina Aparicio , Briceño Maite Otondo , Juan Javier Espinoza San
Published: December 2020

RESUMEN Este artículo explora experiencias, tensiones y saberes de cinco docentes en el comienzo del oficio educativo para interrogar, mediante la metodología de indagación narrativa, el significado de las vivencias y el saber cultivado, desde el entendimiento de que la formación docente no concluye en la universidad y que los docentes viven un periodo de tanteo marcado por tensiones con la realidad educativa que les empuja a la búsqueda de un modo propio de ser docente. Los resultados muestran sus vicisitudes vividas en torno a la relación con el otro (el estudiante) y con el saber (la materia), donde la relación educativa (relación de alteridad entre profesor, estudiante y saber) aparece como un tema esencial, ensanchando la complejidad epistémica del saber pedagógico, evidenciando los límites de la formación académica tradicional y restituyendo a la experiencia vivida como lugar privilegiado en la construcción de un saber profesional.
El mejoramiento educativo analizado desde los aportes de la sociología de Margaret Archer: un estudio de caso
Authors: Vega Luis Felipe de la
Published: December 2020

RESUMEN Este trabajo aborda el desafío de utilizar un marco analítico sociológico para el estudio del mejoramiento educativo. Se consideró la lógica analítica de la teoría morfogenética de Margaret Archer para estudiar los procesos desarrollados por un conjunto de escuelas chilenas, en el marco de la implementación de una política educativa. Se utilizó la metodología de estudio de casos para la investigación y en este artículo se presenta uno de los casos de estudio. El análisis morfogenético permitió identificar los múltiples constreñimientos a los agentes involucrados con la escuela, de parte de los componentes de la estructura social y cultural. La visibilizadad de estos aspectos, y de la interrelación que tienen entre sí, ayudan a comprender la ausencia de transformaciones positivas en dicho caso.
Gesto arquivístico e atitude crítica como leitmotiv analítico nas pesquisas educacionais
Authors: Borges Clayton Cesar de Oliveira , Neira Marcos Garcia
Published: December 2020

RESUMO O presente artigo, por meio de uma discussão teórica, propõe-se a assinalar o significado e algumas das possíveis potencialidades do gesto arquivístico e da atitude crítica, conforme preconizados por Michel Foucault e alguns de seus interlocutores ulteriores, quando concebidos como leitmotiv analítico para as investigações no campo da educação. Argumenta-se propriamente que a articulação de tais noções-chave oriundas do legado foucaultiano na lida investigativa e os modi operandi daí decorrentes ensejam amiúde certo modo de problematizar o presente educacional, indagando sobre suas condições de existência, seus significados, suas regras de ação, seus efeitos e, à vista disso, quiçá delinear transformações possíveis.
Transformando o território: a importância da universidade de integração latino-americana para a cultura na tríplice fronteira Brasil-Paraguai-Argentina
Authors: Oderich Cecília Leão , Baldi Mariana
Published: December 2020

RESUMO O foco deste trabalho está na reflexão sobre o processo de transformação promovido pela instalação da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana na cidade de Foz do Iguaçu (PR), evidenciando a transversalidade entre políticas educacionais e culturais e o impacto no desenvolvimento regional. Fronteiras foram objeto de políticas públicas, na maioria das vezes, sob a ótica da segurança e da soberania nacional. Assim, a inexistência de políticas voltadas ao desenvolvimento das cidades que compõem a chamada faixa de fronteira só se alterou recentemente. A universidade, constituída em 2010, já sofre questionamentos quanto à sua existência. O ensaio argumenta a importância das cidades da fronteira para o desenvolvimento econômico, educacional e cultural, promovendo a diversidade e a sustentabilidade. No artigo são explorados os conceitos de território, fronteira e diversidade cultural, focando de modo ilustrativo em experiências do cinema independente realizado na região.
Genomic prediction with the additive-dominant model by dimensionality reduction methods
Authors: Costa Jaquicele Aparecida da , Azevedo Camila Ferreira , Nascimento Moysés , Silva Fabyano Fonseca e , Resende Marcos Deon Vilela de , Nascimento Ana Carolina Campana
Published: December 2020

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the application of different dimensionality reduction methods in the additive-dominant model and to compare them with the genomic best linear unbiased prediction (G-BLUP) method. The dimensionality reduction methods evaluated were: principal components regression (PCR), partial least squares (PLS), and independent components regression (ICR). A simulated data set composed of 1,000 individuals and 2,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms was used, being analyzed in four scenarios: two heritability levels × two genetic architectures. To help choose the number of components, the results were evaluated as to additive, dominant, and total genomic information. In general, PCR showed higher accuracy values than the other methods. However, none of the methodologies are able to recover true genomic heritabilities and all of them present biased estimates, under- or overestimating the genomic genetic values. For the simultaneous estimation of the additive and dominance marker effects, the best alternative is to choose the number of components that leads the dominance genomic value to a higher accuracy.
Macronutrient dynamics in leaves and bunches of black pepper
Authors: Dalazen Jéssica Rodrigues , Gontijo Ivoney , Paye Henrique de Sá , Valani Gustavo Pereira , Tomaz Marcelo Antonio , Partelli Fábio Luiz
Published: December 2020

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the macronutrient dynamics in leaves and bunches of black pepper (Piper nigrum) throughout the plant reproductive cycles. The experiment was carried out in a commercial field of 'Bragantina' black pepper. Leaves and bunches were sampled every 21 days for one year, during two crop cycles. The bunches were sampled from the twenty eighth day after the appearance of inflorescences until the complete fruit maturation. Samples of leaves and bunches were dried, and the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S were determined. N, K, and Ca were the most common macronutrients found in the bunches and leaves of black pepper. The accumulation of dry matter in the bunches was similar for both cycles and it was adjusted to the linear and quadratic models. The accumulation and content of macronutrients followed the dry matter behavior trend. Macronutrient contents in leaves oscillate during the year, and K and Mg vary more than N, P, Ca, and S. The macronutrient contents in black pepper leaves and bunches depends on the plant vegetative stage, and this variation should be considered in the planning of the fertilization management.
Relationship between heterosis, weight gain, and body measurements of Nellore and Charolais calves
Authors: Fernandes Tiago Albandes , Cerdótes Liliane , Vaz Ricardo Zambarda , Restle João , Ferreira Otoniel Geter Lauz
Published: December 2020

Abstract: The objective of this work was to assess the effect of genetic group and heterosis on the relationship between body weight and morphometric measurements, in purebred and crossbred animals from the second (G2) and third (G3) generations of Nellore and Charolais calves. Body weight (BW), average daily weight gain (ADG), foreleg circumference (FC), thoracic girth (TG), body length (BL), and croup height (CH) were measured at birth and at 63, 210, and 365 days of age in animals from G2 and G3. Charolais animals were superior to Nellore ones for gains BW, ADG, BL, and TG, as well as for the ratio between BW gain and CH gain; Nellore animals were superior for CH gains. Crossbred animals of both generations were superior to the purebred animals for gains of BW, BL, and CH. In G2, the predominance of Charolais genes resulted in greater gains of BW, ADG, FC, and TG. The G3 animals were superior to the purebred animals for ADG, FC, and TG. No differences were found for the ratio between gains of weight and morphometric measurements. Heterosis and complementarity are apparent for weight and body measurements of crossbred calves from rotational crossings.
Improving indirect measurements of the leaf area index using canopy height
Authors: Gonçalves Alexandre Ortega , Silva Evandro Henrique Figueiredo Moura da , Gasparotto Letícia Gonçalves , Rosa Juliano Mantelatto , Carmo Stephanie do , Fattori Júnior Izael Martins , Marin Fabio Ricardo
Published: December 2020

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of plant height as a calibration variable for improving indirect measurements of the leaf area index (LAI). Three experiments were conducted with different crops - corn (Zea mays), soybean (Glycine max), and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) -, to compare the performance of the LAI measured indirectly (LAIind) and corrected by the calibration variable with the LAI measured directly (LAIref). Without the proposed correction, the LAIind tended to be overestimated by 20%, on average, compared with the LAIref, for the three crops. After crop height was used to adjust the LAIind, a strong positive relationship was observed between the LAIref and the corrected LAIind (R2 = 0.96); overestimation was reduced to 4% and the root-mean-square error decreased to 0.35 m2 m-2. The variable canopy height is promising for the correction of the LAI of the soybean, corn, and sugarcane crops.
Coletivos universitários e o discurso de afastamento da política parlamentar
Authors: Perez Olívia Cristina , Souza Bruno Mello
Published: December 2020

Resumo O primeiro objetivo do trabalho é apresentar dados e o discurso dos coletivos universitários. Para tanto, foram realizadas dezesseis entrevistas qualitativas com todos os coletivos universitários da cidade de Teresina/PI, bem como análises das postagens de 170 coletivos universitários brasileiros com páginas na rede social digital Facebook. Após a análise crítica desses dados, problematizam-se a autonomia e as novidades dos coletivos, por vezes reclamadas por eles, por vezes atribuídas pela literatura. Os resultados empíricos mostram um distanciamento discursivo dos coletivos em relação à política partidária e parlamentar. Para entender tais discursos, o trabalho retoma dados do Latinobarômetro acerca da confiança no Congresso e nos partidos entre jovens estudantes brasileiros. A fim de se entender o aumento da desconfiança na política estatal, foram retomadas reflexões acerca das consequências do capitalismo neoliberal. As reflexões apresentadas permitem avançar na compreensão dos discursos de jovens universitários envolvidos em organizações políticas, sem perder de vista a relação desses posicionamentos com contextos sociais e teóricos mais amplos.
Análise dos cursos de licenciatura da Rede Federal utilizando mineração de dados
Authors: Gualhano Mariana Abreu , Vasconcelos Aline Pires Vieira de
Published: December 2020

Resumo A extração do conhecimento, também conhecida como processo KDD (Knowledge Discovery in Databases), é um conjunto de técnicas (Seleção, Pré-processamento, Tratamento, Mineração e Interpretação de Dados) que tem como objetivo analisar e extrair padrões e informações potencialmente úteis de grandes bases de dados. A avaliação da qualidade dos cursos de graduação no Brasil é feita por meio do Conceito Preliminar de Cursos (CPC), que é um indicador de qualidade que avalia esses cursos. Portanto, a presente pesquisa insere-se no discutido contexto, buscando utilizar técnicas de mineração de dados para extrair conhecimento das avaliações do CPC dos anos de 2014 e 2017 e identificar os principais critérios e resultados da avaliação dos cursos de graduação em Licenciatura, fazendo uma análise dos dados da Rede Federal de todo o Brasil. Para isso, utilizou-se a base de dados disponibilizada no portal do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP) e foram utilizadas as etapas do processo KDD, com foco na mineração de dados para extração de conhecimento da base. Os resultados permitiram realizar a identificação dos critérios de avaliação com maior impacto para a avaliação do CPC dos cursos de Licenciatura, além de uma comparação entre a avaliação de 2014 e 2017. Espera-se que as informações extraídas a partir do presente trabalho possam ser úteis e subsidiar a gestão educacional, além de serem utilizadas para o aprimoramento dos cursos de graduação.
Estratégias de notificação de parceiros sexuais de pessoas com infecções sexualmente transmissíveis: ensaio clínico randomizado
Authors: Cavalcante Elani Graça Ferreira , Galvão Marli Teresinha Gimeniz , Lima Ivana Cristina Vieira de , Almeida Paulo César de
Published: December 2020

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar a efetividade da comunicação verbal e por cartão no comparecimento de parceiros sexuais de pessoas com infecções sexualmente transmissíveis com fatores associados ao seu êxito. Método Ensaio clínico, controlado, randomizado, cuja intervenção consistiu no oferecimento de um cartão de notificação para os pacientes-índices entregarem aos seus parceiros. Resultados A amostra foi de 189 pacientes-índices, 94 do grupo controle que convidaram verbalmente os parceiros sexuais para atendimento e 95 do grupo intervenção que levaram o cartão de notificação de parceiros como forma de convite para atendimento. Houve comparecimento de 52,6% dos parceiros convidados por cartão, e 43,6% dos convidados verbalmente, mas sem diferença estatística significativa (p=0,215). Os fatores associados ao não êxito no comparecimento de parceiros foram: não residir com o parceiro (p=0,0001), não ter parceiros fixos (p=0,0001), ter parceria casual (p=0,028) e usar preservativo com parceiro fixo (p=0,045). O tipo de infecção não influenciou a vinda do parceiro. Conclusão Face à ausência de maior efetividade na notificação por cartão, recomenda-se outro modelo de cartão contendo informações destinadas a parceiros para ser usado combinado a outros métodos. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos: RBR-7jp5mr.
Pressure infiltration characteristics of foam for EPB shield tunnelling in saturated sand – part 2: soil–foam mixture
Authors: Xu Tao , Bezuijen Adam , Thewes Markus
Published: December 2020

Experiments on infiltration of pressurised soil–foam mixture into saturated sand have been carried out in a laboratory set-up that provides a hydraulic gradient comparable to real tunnels. The soil–foam mixture used was comparable to the excavated soil (soil–foam mixture) that can be expected in the excavation chamber of an earth pressure balance (EPB) shield. It appears that a higher effective foam expansion ratio (FERm) is more effective to form a low-permeability layer in the sand. Since there will be an interaction between air, water and sand in the soil–foam mixture, the infiltration characteristics of the soil–foam mixture are a little different from that of the foam. It was shown that a larger air fraction at a given solid fraction reduces the foam flow in the sand. The water permeability of foam-infiltrated sand decreases with an increasing air fraction and a decreasing liquid fraction for a given solid fraction, and also decreases with an increasing air fraction and a decreasing solid fraction for a given liquid fraction. The situation with high sand fraction should be avoided in the field because there will be no impermeable or low-permeability layer formed at the tunnel face. Furthermore, the water permeability of foam-infiltrated sand decreases with the foam injection ratio (FIR) and an appropriate FIR is important for EPB shield tunnelling in saturated sand.
Death of the Breadwinner and the Continuation of the Duty of Spousal Support: Discrepancies and Inequalities for Different Categories of Surviving Partners
Authors: Bonthuys Elsje
Published: December 2020

This note considers the extension of the duty of spousal support after the death of the breadwinner by comparing the rights of different categories of surviving maintenance claimants, who tend to be mostly women: widows of the deceased, unmarried intimate partners of the deceased and ex-wives and ex-partners of the deceased. Financial support can be provided from the deceased estate in the form of a right to share in the joint matrimonial estate, a right to intestate succession, a right to claim from the estate in terms of the Maintenance of Surviving Spouses Act and a right to claim for loss of support from third parties who who caused the death of the deceased breadwinner. Comparing different categories of women, it becomes clear that the law disproportionately benefits widows over other partners and that the rights of ex-spouses are being gradually eroded by the jurisprudence. There is also a discrepancy between rights to claim against deceased estates, which favours widows, on the one hand, and rights to claim against third parties, which is available to a far larger group of surviving maintenance claimants, on the other hand. The note analyses the gendered causes and consequences of these differences.
Revisão Sistemática atual sobre Sensoriamento Remoto aplicado a detecção de Ilhas de Calor Urbanas
Authors: Pfeiff Greicy Kelly , Mota Maria Aurora Santos da , Lima Aline Maria Meiguins de
Published: December 2020

As Ilhas de Calor Urbanas são fenômenos climáticos estudados mundialmente. Esse cenário está diretamente relacionado às mudanças do uso e cobertura da terra, como a impermeabilização dos solos e ausência de áreas verdes, ocasionando alterações nas variáveis climáticas. Assim o objetivo do trabalho foi realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre detecção de ilha de calor por meio do sensoriamento remoto, para isso foram pesquisados artigos indexados no período de 2017 a maio de 2019 em três bases eletrônicas: WorldWideScience, Plataforma Capes e Google acadêmico. A pesquisa resultou na seleção de 10 artigos científicos, extraídos do montante de 1125. Com base nos autores pesquisados, o uso do sensoriamento remoto permite verificar a temperatura da superfície com o propósito de diagnosticar a intensidade das ilhas de calor urbanas e assim auxiliar em medidas mitigadoras, a fim de propiciar o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida da população.
Highly Active and Reusable Cu/C Catalyst for Synthesis of 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazoles Starting from Aromatic Aldehydes
Authors: Khalifeh Reza , Rastegar Najme , Khalili Dariush
Published: December 2020

A new, efficient and convenient method for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazole derivatives with a wide range of substituents in good to excellent yields has been developed. The synthesis was performed by the one-pot three-component [3+2]cycloaddition reaction between aldehyde, hydroxylamine and sodium azide in the presence of Cu/C. The reaction probably proceeds by the in situ formation of nitriles followed by successive [3+2]cycloaddition with sodium azide. A variety of aldehydes were used to obtain the corresponding tetrazoles. The catalyst was recovered by simple filtration and reused at least five times without significant loss of catalytic activity. The use of this method offers additional advantages for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazole derivatives, including the easy availability of starting materials, mild conditions, experimental simplicity and good yields.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Pyrane Glycosides
Authors: Srinivas Avula , Sunitha Malladi , Shamili Sriramoju
Published: December 2020

A series of novel (5R)-5-((2S,3S)-3-((1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diphenyl-3,3a,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]thiazoles 11a–g and (5R)-5-((2S,3S)-3-((1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-phenyl-3,3a,5,6-tetrahydroisoxazolo[3,4-d]thiazoles 12a–g were synthesized by the reaction of chalcone derivatives of (R,Z)-2-((2S,3S)-3-((1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-5-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-3-phenylthiazolidin-4-ones 10a–g with phenylhydrazine and hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The chemical structures of newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by IR, NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The compounds 11a–g and 12a–g were evaluated for their antibacterial activity and antifungal activity.
Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic Activity of Magnetic Recoverable Ternary ZnFe2O4/rGO/g-C3N4 Nanocomposites
Authors: Tsvetkov Martin , Encheva Elzhana , Pintar Albin , Milanova Maria
Published: December 2020

ZnFe2O4/rGO/g-C3N4 ternary nanocomposite photocatalysts with different ZnFe2O4/g-C3N4 weight ratio (0.5, 0.75, 1) were prepared by a stepwise solvothermal method using ethylene glycol as the solvent. Physicochemical methods such as X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy were applied in order to characterize the composites. The formation of a meso-/macroporous structure with specific surface area between 67 and 77 m2 g–1 was confirmed by N2 adsorption/desorption. The bandgap of the composites was found to be lower (2.30 eV) than that of g-C3N4 (2.7 eV). In contrast to pure g-C3N4, the composites showed no fluorescence, i.e. no recombination of e–/h+ took place. All samples, including pure g-C3N4 and ZnFe2O4, were tested for adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of aqueous malachite green model solutions (10–5 M) under visible light irradiation (λ > 400 nm). The results show that the prepared nanocomposites have higher absorption and photocatalytic activity than the pristine g-C3N4 and ZnFe2O4 and can be successfully used for water purification from organic azo-dyes.
Development and Validation of RP–HPLC Method for Estimation of Curcumin from Nanocochleates and Its Application in in–vivo Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Nadaf Sameer , Killedar Suresh
Published: December 2020

A reliable RP-HPLC analytical method with UV detection at 421 nm was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of curcumin from rat plasma after oral administration of curcumin loaded nanocochleates (CU-NC) to rats. The chromatographic separation was performed on HIQ SIL, C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm) column using methanol and water (80:20 v/v) as mobile phase, at 1.0 mL/min flow rate. Validation parameters included linearity, accuracy, precision, and limit of quantitation and detection. Good linearity was obtained over the range of 2.5–100 μg/mL (R2 = 0.9979) of curcumin. The developed HPLC method was precise, with <2% relative standard deviation. Accuracy, stability, and robustness studies were also found to be acceptable. Bland-Altman plot showed an acceptable repeatability coefficient. The method was under statistical control, revealed by a control chart. After CU–NC administration, pharmacokinetic parameters i.e. Cmax, AUC0-∞, and AUMC0-∞, were observed to be 97.69 ± 10.84 μg/mL, 1402.77 ± 9.67 (μg/mL) ∙ h, and 35140.16 ± 14.67 (μg/mL) ∙ h2, respectively. This simple and precise method can be effectively implemented for routine analysis.
Determination of Camelina Oil Sterol Composition and Its Application for Authenticity Studies
Authors: Kolenc Zala , Potočnik Tanja , Bren Urban , Košir Iztok Jože
Published: December 2020

Camelina oil has a high sterol concentration and is rather expensive compared to other vegetable oils. Because of its higher price, it is often adulterated by the addition of other, cheaper oils. This study was performed to validate a method for sterol determination in camelina oil, enabling the detection of camelina oil adulteration. Sterol levels in camelina oil samples were determined by gas chromatography after saponification and solid phase extraction. The method was validated, and the results proved that the chosen method is specific and selective, repeatable and accurate. The quantitatively assessed average contents of sterols in camelina oil samples of Slovenian origin were 21.4 mg 100 g–1 for brassicasterol, 153.6 mg 100 g–1 for campesterol, 3.9 mg 100 g–1 for stigmasterol, and 447.0 mg 100 g–1 for β-sitosterol. Results of camelina oil authenticity studies regarding botanical origin, performed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Regularized Discriminant Analysis (RDA) enabled us to differentiate 100 % camelina oils from camelina oils adulterated with 10%–40% added sunflower, rapeseed or soya oil.
Assessment of Interaction of Human OCT 1-3 Proteins and Metformin Using Silico Analyses
Authors: Akçeşme Faruk Berat , Beşli Nail , Peña-García Jorge , Pérez-Sánchez Horacio
Published: December 2020

Metformin, a drug frequently used by diabetic patients as the first-line treatment worldwide, is positively charged and is transported into the cell through human organic cation transporter (hOCT 1-3) proteins. We aimed to mimic the cellular uptake of metformin by hOCT1-3 with various bioinformatics methods and tools. 3D structure of OCT1-3 proteins was predicted by considering the structures and function of these proteins. We predicted functional regions (active and ligand binding sites) of OCT1-3 and performed comparative bioinformatics analysis. The predicted structure of hOCT1-3 was then analyzed in the Blind Docking server and the results were confirmed with predicted binding site residues and conserved domain regions. We simulated the OCT1-3 and metformin docking and also validated the docking procedure with other substrates of HOCT1-3 proteins. We selected the best poses of metformin docking simulations as per binding energy (–5.27 to –4.60 kcal/mol). Lastly, we validated the static description of protein-ligand (OCT-Metformin) interactions by performing molecular dynamics simulation. Eventually, we obtained stable simulation of OCT-metformin interaction.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Antimicrobial Property of Schiff Base Copper(II) Complexes
Authors: Yu Shun-Feng , Qiu Xiao-Yang , Liu Shu-Juan
Published: December 2020

Four new copper(II) complexes, [CuL1(μ1,1-N3)]n (1), [CuL1(μ1,3-NCS)]n (2), [Cu(HL2)2](SCN)2 (3) and [Cu(L2)2] (4), where L1 and L2 are 2-((2-(dimethylamino)ethylimino)methyl-4,6-difluorophenolate and 2,4-difluoro-6-((3-morpholinopropylimino) methyl)phenolate, respectively, and HL2 is 2-((2-(dimethylammonio)ethylimino)methyl-4,6-difluorophenolate, were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV-vis spectroscopy. The structures for the complexes were further confirmed by single crystal X-ray structure determination. Complexes 1 and 2 are polymeric copper(II) complexes, with the Cu atoms in square pyramidal coordination. Complexes 3 and 4 are mononuclear copper(II) complexes, with the Cu atoms in square planar coordination. The complexes were assayed for their antimicrobial properties.
Plastics in Heritage Collections: Poly(vinyl chloride) Degradation and Characterization
Authors: Rijavec Tjaša
Published: December 2020

Museums and galleries house increasingly large collections of objects and contemporary art made of plastic materials, many of which undergo rapid material change. The main degradation processes of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) are elimination of HCl and plasticizer migration or leaching. This results in visible discolouration, stickiness and cracking. Degradation is known to be a multi-stage process that includes HCl elimination, formation of conjugated polyenes and cross-linking. Elimination of HCl begins due to structural irregularities (allylic and tertiary chlorides) and results in the formation of polyenes. When at least 7 conjugated double bonds are present, discolouration of PVC becomes visible. Non-invasive techniques, such as IR and Raman spectroscopy are used for polymer identification and plasticizer quantification. Plasticizer degradation and particularly the late stages of PVC degradation can be investigated using SEC, GC-MS, TGA and DSC. Studies in heritage collections have revealed that, apart from HCl, PVC objects emit 2-ethylhexanol and other volatile degradation products, however, there is currently no indication that HCl is emitted at usual indoor conditions. There seems to be a general lack of systematic research into PVC degradation at the conditions of storage and display, which could result in the development of dose-response functions and in the development of preventive conservation guidelines for the management of PVC collections.
A new combination in Psorothamnus arborescens (Fabaceae)
Authors: Gandhi Kanchi N. , Vincent Michael A. , Sutherland David M.
Published: December 2020

The new combination Psorothamnus arborescens (Torr. ex A. Gray) Barneby var. californicus (S. Watson) Sutherl., Gandhi, & Vincent is made here to accommodate Dalea californica S. Watson and Parosela californica (S. Watson) Vail var. simplicifolia Parish at varietal rank in Psorothamnus arborescens, necessitated by the priority of the varietal autonym Parosela californica var. californica created in 1913.
Friedrich Dietrich v. Kurt Sprengel and their, largely American, plant-names
Authors: Mabberley David J.
Published: December 2020

The vexing literary relationship between Kurt Sprengel and Friedrich Dietrich appears to have led to some of Dietrich’s work being willfully disregarded and subsequently forgotten/extinguished/suppressed. Examination of Dietrich’s oeuvre leads to the rehabilitation of fifteen of his new combinations, making securer by up to 175 years, some names in current use for largely New World plants. To take into account Dietrich’s work as a whole, four new combinations and three nomina nova are proposed with the help of authorities in the germane plant groups: Caamembeca andina (A.W. Benn.) J.F.B. Pastore & Mabb. (Bolivia), Callicarpa ekmanii I.E. Méndez & Mabb. (Cuba), Clematis wangiana Mabb., (Madagascar), Coleataenia pulchra (F. Dietr.) Mabb. & LeBlond (USA), Packera dubia (Spreng.) Trock & Mabb. (USA), Piper samainianum Mabb. (Peru), Rostellularia vahliana (Schult.) Mabb. (south Asia), for which a lectotype is designated, with other adjustments of names in Besleria (B. formosa now B. amabilis, tropical America), Oxalis (O. eckloniana now O. biloba, South Africa), Passiflora (P. arborea now P. magnoliifolia, Colombia), Ribes (R. ruizii now R. sylvestre, Chile), and possibly Tocoyena (South America), while further work on Lupinus is called for.
Primer reporte de Psidium schenckianum para Venezuela y Psidium appendiculatum (Myrtaceae) para el estado Sucre
Authors: Bello Pulido Jesús Antonio , Silva Sabino Rafael , Peñuela José Humberto , Landrum Leslie R.
Published: December 2020

As a result of botanical explorations carried out in the seasonally dry forests and shrub-lands of the eastern end of the Araya Peninsula, state of Sucre, Venezuela, the presence of Psidium schenckianum Kiaersk. is reported for the first time for Venezuela and Psidium appendiculatum Kiaersk. for the first time for Sucre. Due to the current degradation of these wild ecosystems in the peninsula and the state in general, there is an urgent need to conduct rigorous surveys that provide more information on the geographical distribution of these and other species yet to be discovered.
Vaccinium hamiguitanense (Ericaceae), a new species from the Philippines
Authors: Fritsch Peter W. , Amoroso Victor B. , Coritico Fulgent P. , Penneys Darin S.
Published: December 2020

Vaccinium hamiguitanense, a new species from the Philippines, is described and illustrated. The new species is most similar to V. gitingense Hook. f. but differs by having smaller leaf blades, leaf blade margins with 2 to 4 impressed more or less evenly distributed crenations (glands) per side, inflorescences with fewer flowers, shorter pedicels that are puberulent and muriculate, and a glabrous floral disk. The new species is endemic to Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary in Davao Oriental Province of Mindanao Island in Tropical Upper Montane Rain Forest and low (“bonsai”) forest on clay derived from ultramafic rock. We assign an IUCN Red List preliminary status as Data Deficient.
Cyathitepala papillosa gen. et sp. nov., a mid-Cretaceous fossil flower from Myanmar amber with valvate anthers
Authors: Poinar, Jr. George O. , Chambers Kenton L.
Published: December 2020

Although partially damaged prior to its preservation in coniferous resin, the flower of Cyathitepala papillosa retains enough morphological features to justify its description as a new genus and species of fossil angiosperms. The perianth is incomplete, but there are at least 6 large outer tepals and numerous smaller, spirally arranged inner ones. The limbs of some of the larger tepals are cup-shaped and face abaxially, while the smaller inner tepals are flat or have adaxially folded margins. There is an inner series of erect, apically truncate tepals surrounding the stamens. The surfaces and margins of the tepals are densely papillate. There is a whorl of ca. 12 stamens with anthers that dehisce by two dorsally hinged valves. Nothing remains of the receptacle or pedicel of the flower, but the superior portion of the pistil is conic and bears two columnar, erect styles. The fossil is compared with three previously described fossil genera, Setitheca, Zygadelphus, and Strombothelya, which were suggested as having a possible relationship with certain families of order Laurales.
Valviloculus pleristaminis gen. et sp. nov., a Lauralean fossil flower with valvate anthers from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber
Authors: Poinar, Jr. George O. , Chambers Kenton L. , Iwaniec Urszula T. , Vega Fernando E.
Published: December 2020

The flower described here as Valviloculus pleristaminis, a new genus and species of fossil angiosperms, was obtained from Myanmar amber deposits dating to the mid-Cretaceous period. The flower is staminate, with an ovoid, hollow floral cup. The perianth consists of 6 tepals, one of which was lost prior to preservation. Numerous helically arranged stamens are borne at the summit of the flower. The anthers are bilocular, with pollen sacs that dehisce by laterally hinged valves. The tip of the connective bears a cup-shaped appendage. The gynoecium is represented only by a cluster of vestigial styles centered among the stamens. The fossil is provisionally assigned to order Laurales, its closest affinities being with the families Monimiaceae and Atherospermataceae.
Anatomy of vegetative organs in Allionia (Nyctaginaceae), with emphasis on the vascular system
Authors: Cunha Neto Israel L. , Silva Juliana P. , Angyalossy Veronica
Published: December 2020

Allionia is a small genus within the tribe Nyctagineae (Nyctaginaceae) which has a controversial, infrageneric delimitation. Here, we investigated the two known species of Allionia in order to characterize the anatomy of leaves, stems and roots, with further notes on vascular system development. Additionally, the present study aimed to broaden our knowledge of stem vascular diversity and to survey for anatomical features with diagnostic value in distinguishing A. choisyi from A. incarnata. Leaf anatomy of other Nyctagineae taxa was also analysed. Anatomical and ontogenetic observations from the vegetative organs in Allionia revealed no diagnostic features to distinguish the two species. We illustrated the occurrence of Kranz anatomy, which in Nyctaginaceae is only known in Allionia, Boerhavia, and Okenia. The stem primary vascular system was unusual in showing a polycyclic eustele (medullary bundles + continuous concentric procambium). Likewise, mature stems and roots show vascular cambial variants (successive cambia) that arise from the pericycle. The anatomy and histochemistry of multicellular glan-dular trichomes observed in aerial organs were presented. Raphids were seen in all organs. Although no strong xerophytic features were observed in Allionia, several characteristics can be associated with their arid habitats. Our findings on the vascular system of Allionia showed the two species to be much the same and reinforced earlier findings that the stem anatomy of Nyctaginaceae is complex and intriguing.
Arcyria versicolor of western mountains, U.S.A. (Myxomycetes: Trichiales: Trichiaceae): a morphological and taxonomic study with observations of nivicolous species
Authors: Keller Harold W. , Price Relf L. , Stone Billy G. , Forrester Edward D.
Published: December 2020

Arcyria versicolor (Trichiales: Trichiaceae) is a distinct myxomycete species described by William Phillips in 1877. The genus Arcyria dates back to Linnaeus in 1753 through the species A. denudata. Arcyria sporangia are brightly colored red, yellow, grey or white, mostly stalked, often in large groups easily seen with the naked eye. Approximately 54 species are known, many are common, and distributed worldwide. Collectors often encounter these colorful species on decaying logs as clusters of many sporangia often covering extensive areas. Arcyria versicolor, collected in the Valles Caldera National Preserve located in the Jemez Mountains of north central New Mexico, is a new record for the state. The nomenclatural history of this species is reviewed and the justification for selection of the species name versicolor is discussed. Arcyria versicolor is accepted as the valid species name and A. vitellina a synonym after examination of type specimens. Environmental parameters for coloration are discussed in general for fruiting bodies of Arcyria and more specifically for nivicolous snowbank species. Transitional stages of plasmodial color to mature fruiting body formation are described for Arcyria versicolor. More than 140 specimens of Arcyria versicolor fruiting bodies were examined with light microscopy and in part illustrated with multifocal computer stacked imaging. Higher magnifications were highlighted using scanning electron microscopy. A more complete and accurate species description is provided for Arcyria versicolor. Differences of fruiting body morphology including habit, color, dehiscence, peridial inner and outer surface features, capillitial ornamentation and size, spore color, size, and ornamentation, and stalk spore-like bodies are described and illustrated. Observation of type specimens from the type locality is illustrated, discussed, and nomenclatural evaluation given for the name selected. Mountain myxomycetes are reviewed based on the observations of T.H. Macbride and his early 1914 paper published in Mycologia. Collection data is presented that compares the dark-spored and light spored nivicolous myxomycetes in the French Alps. The history of renown collectors of nivicolous myxomycetes in western mountains of U.S.A. documents the discovery and study of this special ecological group of myxomycetes. This current paper is the first in a series from an ongoing research project entitled Myxomycetes of New Mexico.
McGill Nanopore Ligation LibPrep Protocol SQK-LSK109 v1
Authors: J Reiling Sarah , Chen Shu-Huang , Ragoussis Ioannis
Published: December 2020

This protocol is used to for both amplicon and high molecular weight DNA library preparations from genomic DNA using Nanopore ligation kit (SQK-LSK109). It contains no fragmentation and no PCR step. However, a fragmentation step is optional.
Methodology of optimum unit commitment of energy systems with renewable energy sources
Authors: Obukhov S.G. , Klimova G.N. , Ibrahim A.
Published: December 2020

One of the promising ways to improve the reliability and efficiency of power supply for customers in the areas remote from central electrical grid is the use of hybrid power systems with renewable energy sources. The primary task of designing such systems is the unit commitment of the generating equipment that provides the optimal technical and economic indexes of the electric power system. The stochastic nature of generation and nonlinearity of the characteristics of power plants cause a high complexity of solving this problem, which, from a mathematical point of view, is formulated as an optimization problem. An accurate and reliable solution of this optimization problem increases the efficiency of design and operation of hybrid electric power systems with renewable energy sources. And it is a vital task of modern power industry. A probabilistic-statistical methods and models for the analysis of experimental data are used to construct climatic time series and graphs of electrical loads. In addition, to study the operating modes of the electric power system the MatLab system is used for the simulation and modeling, and an evolutionary particle swarm algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem. The original model of solar radiation is used as a part of this methodology. This model provides forecasting the key characteristics of solar radiation in any geographical point of Russia including the areas that have no results of routine actinometric observation. Weibull distribution function is used to forecast daily variations of wind speed. It enhances the validity of forecasting of electricity generation of wind-driven power plant at daily time interval. As a result of the research, a method of optimum unit commitment has been developed for the equipment of electric power systems based on renewable energy sources. The use of the particle swarm algorithm as a part of the methodology provides reliable and accurate determination of the extremum of the objective function, which increases the efficiency of design and operation of hybrid electric power systems with renewable energy sources. The method has been tested on practical examples of optimum unit commitment for the equipment of electric power systems of various configurations and has proven its effectiveness. The technique is implemented as a software application, which ensures the convenience of its practical application. The obtained results can be used by companies involved in the design and operation of electric power systems using renewable energy generating units.
“Crime and Punishment”: A Mystical Novel about Saving the World through the Love of Jesus Christ and Sophia
Authors: Evlampiev I.I.
Published: December 2020

This article is a continuation of the interpretation of F.M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment”. A detailed analysis of the central episode of the novel, Raskolnikov's visit to Sonya Marmeladova, Is here offered, and, as a result, many hidden allusions to the story of Jesus Christ are revealed. Attention is drawn to the dual meaning of Raskolnikov's statements about the need to gain power over the world: this is either material power, based on the laws of the evil world (in imitation of Napoleon), or spiritual power, canceling the laws of the world (in imitation of Christ), which includes serving people and accepting suffering for everyone. It is proved that all the mysterious and incomprehensible details of the narration receive a natural explanation when the Gnostic myth of the salvation of the world through the love union (sizigiya) of Jesus Christ and Sophia is put at the basis of the symbolic plan of the novel. This connection takes place in the epilogue of the novel, where the symbolic plan completely prevails over the realistic, which allows to explain the change in the style of the narrative, which was paid attention to by many researchers.