bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid Impedance Measurement of Lithium-Ion Batteries Under Pulse Ex-Citation and Analysis of Impedance Characteristics of the Regularization Distributed Relaxation Time
Authors: Chen Haisen , Bai Jinghan , Wu Zhengpu , Song Ziang , Zuo Bin , Fu Chunxia , Zhang Yunbin , Wang Lujun
Published: February 2025

To address the limitations of conventional electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) testing, we propose an efficient rapid EIS testing system. This system utilizes an AC pulse excitation signal combined with an “intelligent fast fourier transform (IFFT) optimization algorithm” to achieve rapid “one-to-many” impedance data measurements. This significantly enhances the speed, flexibility, and practicality of EIS testing. Furthermore, the conventional model-fitting approach for EIS data often struggles to resolve the issue of overlapping impedance arcs within a limited frequency range. To address this, the present study employs the Regularization Distributed Relaxation Time (RDRT) method to process EIS data obtained under AC pulse conditions. This approach avoids the workload and analytical uncertainties associated with assuming equivalent circuit models. Finally, the practical utility of the proposed testing system and the RDRT impedance analysis method is demonstrated through the estimation of battery state of health (SOH). In summary, the method proposed in this study not only addresses the issues associated with conventional EIS data acquisition and analysis but also broadens the methodologies and application scope of EIS impedance testing. This opens up new possibilities for its application in fields such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) energy storage.
Bioremediation of Synthetic Wastewater with Contaminants of Emerging Concern by Nannochloropsis sp. and Lipid Production: A Circular Approach
Authors: Santos Bruna , Araújo Juliana , Carvalho Beatriz , Cotrim Carolina , Bernardino Raul , Freitas Filomena , Sobral Abílio J. F. N. , Encarnação Telma
Published: February 2025

Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) pose a potential risk to human and environmental health. Microalgae bioremediation is a promising approach for transforming or removing contaminants from the environment, while contributing to the circular economy. In this study, Nannochloropsis sp. was effectively used for the simultaneous removal of six CECs: paracetamol, ibuprofen, imidacloprid, methylparaben and bisphenol A at 10 µg mL−1 and triclosan at 0.5 µg mL−1 from synthetic wastewater, which were able to survive under such concentrations, higher than those commonly found in the environment (up to 2.82 µg mL−1 of methylparaben). High removal efficiencies were reached for methylparaben (100%) and bisphenol A (93 ± 2%), while for imidacloprid, paracetamol and ibuprofen, 30 ± 1%, 64 ± 2% and 49 ± 5% were removed, respectively. Subsequently, lipids were extracted, and the FAME profile was characterised using GS-MS. The main fatty acids identified after bioremediation were hexadecadienoic acid isomers (C16:2), palmitic acid (C16), linoleic acid (C18:2) and γ-linolenic acid (C18:3). The absence of oleic acid and stearic acid was noticed, suggesting an alteration in the lipidic profile due to contaminant exposure. By exploring the quantification of fatty acids in future work, potential applications for the extracted lipids can be explored, further demonstrating the feasibility of this circular process.
Shape and Size Variability of the Gynostemium in Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Łobas Zbigniew , Jakubska-Busse Anna
Published: February 2025

Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz is considered a challenging and phenotypically difficult species to identify due to its wide range of morphological variability. This variability is mainly observed in the perianth parts but also extends to the gynostemium structure, which has so far been considered one of the most useful diagnostic characteristics. As a result, a simple graphic illustrating the structural pattern of gynostemium morphology has appeared in 10 different forms in available European taxonomic keys, which significantly complicates the identification of this species. A total of 122 flowers of E. helleborine were collected from four natural populations in the Lower Silesia region (Poland) between 2017 and 2019 and analysed for gynostemium morphological variation. Geometric morphometric analyses, including Procrustes ANOVA, PCA, and CVA, were used to examine gynostemium shape, with statistical tests assessing variation in size and stigma inclination angle among populations, individual plants (ramets), and years of research. Statistical analysis revealed significant positive correlations between gynostemium width and height, with significant variation in size and angle of stigma inclination, primarily driven by population, while ramet and year of research had a lesser impact. Geometric morphometric analyses indicated significant population-level variation in gynostemium shape, with principal component analysis identifying the ventral view as the most informative for discriminating these differences. The first two principal components explained the major shape variation, and canonical variate analysis confirmed that this view is most important for species identification.
Assessment of Potential Yield and Sustainable Management of Burbot, Lota lota (L.1758), in the Upper Heilongjiang River, China, Based on Population Parameters
Authors: Lu Wanqiao , Zhang Zepeng , Jin Hongyu , Shao Huili , Li Shenhui , Xing Yue , Li Lei
Published: February 2025

We evaluated growth, mortality, and resource utilization of burbot, Lota lota, in the upper reaches of Heilongjiang River, China. The population has experienced significant decline, and, despite substantial recovery, concerns regarding resource management have arisen. A total of 638 specimens collected from October 2022 to October 2023 were used to calculate the relationship between body length and weight, which ranged from 107 to 529 mm and from 8.91 to 1474.17 g, respectively. FAO FiSAT II software was used to estimate population parameters based on body length frequency distribution of the samples. The calculated progressive body length value and the growth coefficient were 551.25 mm and 0.16, respectively. The natural mortality rate of burbot is 0.31 a−1. Assuming a total mortality rate of 0.41 a−1, the estimated current exploitation rate is 24.39%. Total biomass (94.76 t) and maximum sustainable yield (14.69 t) were estimated based on length-structured virtual population analysis. Burbot, of the upper reaches of Heilongjiang River, is a fast-growing fish that is well-suited to the ecology of the investigated area. The current research yielded suggestions for utilization of resources to ensure the preservation of the species, as well as the development of the local economy.
Rediscovery of PHI-1/PPP1R14B: Emerging Roles of Cellular PP1 Signaling Mediated by the PPP1R14B Gene Product in Multiple Cancers and Beyond
Authors: Eto Masumi
Published: February 2025

PHI-1, encoded by PPP1R14B, regulates cellular protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) signaling and has emerged as both a biomarker and therapeutic target. Initially identified as a phospholipase-neighboring gene (PNG), PHI-1 is now known for its phosphorylation-dependent inhibition of PP1 holoenzymes, with bi-directional roles depending on its expression levels. Under physiological conditions, PHI-1 selectively regulates PP1 activity to maintain cellular homeostasis, whereas its pathological upregulation promotes oncogenic pathways, stabilizes tumor-promoting proteins, and modulates immune responses. This article explores PHI-1’s emerging role as a pan-cancer biomarker in parallel with emphasizing its physiological functions in signaling networks, smooth muscle contraction, cytoskeletal dynamics, and selective proteostasis. The mechanistic insights highlight PHI-1’s potential in precision oncology, offering opportunities for developing diagnostics and therapies that target its conditional functions.
Transposable Element Landscape in the Monotypic Species Barthea barthei (Hance) Krass (Melastomataceae) and Its Role in Ecological Adaptation
Authors: Wu Wei , Zeng Yuan , Huang Zecheng , Peng Huiting , Sun Zhanghai , Xu Bin
Published: February 2025

Transposable elements (TEs) are crucial for genome evolution and ecological adaptation, but their dynamics in non-model plants are poorly understood. Using genomic, transcriptomic, and population genomic approaches, we analyzed the TE landscape of Barthea barthei (Melastomataceae), a species distributed across tropical and subtropical southern China. We identified 64,866 TE copies (16.76% of a 235 Mb genome), dominated by Ty3/Gypsy retrotransposons (8.82%) and DNA/Mutator elements (2.7%). A genome-wide analysis revealed 13 TE islands enriched in genes related to photosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and stress response. We identified 3859 high-confidence TE insertion polymorphisms (TIPs), including 29 fixed insertions between red and white flower ecotypes, affecting genes involved in cell wall modification, stress response, and secondary metabolism. A transcriptome analysis of the flower buds identified 343 differentially expressed TEs between the ecotypes, 30 of which were near or within differentially expressed genes. The non-random distribution (primarily within 5 kb of genes) and association with adaptive traits suggest a significant role in B. barthei’s successful colonization of diverse habitats. Our findings provide insights into how TEs contribute to plant genome evolution and ecological adaptation in tropical forests, particularly through their influence on regulatory networks governing stress response and development.
Ru(II) Complexes with 3,4-Dimethylphenylhydrazine: Exploring In Vitro Anticancer Activity and Protein Affinities
Authors: Dimitrić Marković Jasmina , Dimić Dušan , Eichhorn Thomas , Milenković Dejan , Pavićević Aleksandra , Đikić Dragoslava , Živković Emilija , Čokić Vladan , Rüffer Tobias , Kaluđerović Goran N.
Published: February 2025

Two new Ru(II) complexes, mononuclear [RuCl2(η6-p-cymene)(3,4-dmph-κN)] (1) and the binuclear complex [{RuCl(η6-p-cymene)}2(μ-Cl)(μ-3,4-dmph-κ2N,N′)]Cl (2; 3,4-dmph = 3,4-dimethylphenylhydrazine), are synthesized and experimentally and theoretically structurally characterized utilizing 1H and 13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopy, as well as DFT calculations. Degradation product of 2, thus ([{RuCl(η6-p-cymene)}2(μ-Cl)(μ-3,4-dmph-κ2N,N′)][RuCl3(η6-p-cymene)] (2b) was characterized with SC-XRD. In the crystals of 2b, the cationic and anionic parts interact through N-H...Cl hydrogen bridges. The spectrofluorimetric measurements proved the spontaneity of the binding processes of both complexes and HSA. Spin probing EPR measurements implied that 1 and 2 decreased the amount of bound 16-doxylstearate and implicated their potential to bind to HSA more strongly than the spin probe. The cytotoxicity assessment of both complexes against the MDA-MB-231 and MIA PaCa-2 cancer cell lines demonstrated a clear dose-dependent decrease in cell viability and no effect on healthy HS-5 cells. Determination of the malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl concentrations indicated that new complexes could offer protective antioxidant benefits in specific cancer contexts. Gel electrophoresis measurements showed the reduction in MMP9 activity and indicated the potential of 1 in limiting the cancer cells’ invasion. The annexin V/PI apoptotic assay results showed that 1 and 2 exhibit different selectivity towards MIA PaCa-2 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. A comparative molecular docking analysis of protein binding, specifically targeting acetylcholinesterase (ACHE), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and human serum albumin (HSA), demonstrated distinct binding interactions for each complex.
Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity, and ADME Profiling of Novel Racemic and Optically Pure Aryl-Substituted Purines and Purine Bioisosteres
Authors: Piškor Martina , Milić Astrid , Koštrun Sanja , Majerić Elenkov Maja , Grbčić Petra , Kraljević Pavelić Sandra , Pavelić Krešimir , Raić-Malić Silvana
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to synthesize new racemic and optically pure aryl-substituted purine bioisosteres using ultrasound-assisted Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Regioselective synthesis of α-azido alcohols was applied to afford heterocycles with a 2-hydroxyeth-1-yl linker. Catalytic asymmetric synthesis using halohydrin dehalogenase in the ring-opening of epoxides gave enantioenriched azido alcohols, which subsequently afforded R- and S-enantiomers of purine and pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines with a 1-hydroxyeth-2-yl linker. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antiproliferative activity against four malignant tumor cell lines. The influence of regioisomerism and the stereochemistry of the hydroxyethyl group, as well as a N-heterocyclic scaffold linked to the aryl moiety on cytostatic activity was evaluated. Of all the compounds tested, purine 40a and pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine 45a derivatives with p-trifluoromethyl-substituted aryl connected to 1,2,3-triazole via a 2-hydroxyeth-1-yl spacer showed promising submicromolar antiproliferative activity. In addition, compound 45a exhibited selectivity towards the tumor cell line, with a selectivity index (SI) of 40, moderate clearance, and good membrane permeability.
A Computational Study on the Hydrodynamics of Bio-Inspired Quadrupedal Paddling
Authors: Wang Yihan , Cai Yumeng , Xie Bin , Zhu Chi , Li Yunquan , Chen Ye
Published: February 2025

Due to its exceptional terrain mobility, quadrupedal locomotion has been used in the design of many amphibious robots for broad applications including resource exploration, disaster rescue, and reconnaissance. In this work, swimming of a quadrupedal paddling model is considered, and the effects of the legs’ initial swing angle, swing amplitude, and power phase duration are numerically investigated through three paddling gaits, namely, the trotting gait, the diagonal, and the lateral sequence gaits. Three different modes for drag-based thrust generation, the “Trotting Mode”, the “Hindering Mode”, and the “Separate Mode”, are identified. In the “Trotting Mode”, each pair of diagonal legs contributes equally and alternately to the thrust within the paddling cycle, and its contribution is impaired by the other pair of diagonal legs. In the “Hindering Mode”, the thrust contribution of an individual leg is significantly undermined by the drag resulting from the preceding leg leaving its current power phase and entering the following recovery phase. In the “Separate Mode”, the four legs independently contribute to the total thrust by forming a compact four-peak waveform equally distributed within one paddling cycle. At a given swing amplitude, the leg configuration at peak thrust moment is identical, regardless of initial swing angle and power phase ratio. Meanwhile, a forward-tilted leg configuration with flatter upper- and lower-limb alignment at peak thrust moment consistently indicates a lower thrust generation. Hydrodynamic moments in the diagonal and lateral sequence gaits are much larger than those in the trotting gait. In addition, enhanced thrust is typically accompanied by larger hydrodynamic moments and a higher energy expenditure.
Cytotoxic Lesions of the Corpus Callosum (CLOCCs) in a Patient with Epstein–Barr Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Kopyta Ilona , Siemek-Mitela Jadwiga , Damps Maria , Machnikowska-Sokołowska Magdalena , Gruszczyńska Katarzyna
Published: February 2025

Background: Cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum (CLOCCs) are a rare disorder of various etiologies referred to as transient lesions of the splenium of the corpus callosum, with a usually mild clinical course. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is one of the factors potentially responsible for triggering this abnormality. Results: The authors present the case of a 15-year-old girl, so far without any health burden, who suffered from severe CLOCCs with the etiology of EBV. The patient was admitted to hospital because of hepatosplenomegaly and hypertransaminasemia. Her condition rapidly deteriorated—she had seizures with respiratory failure, requiring treatment in the PICU. The first MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan showed changes in the hippocampus, and, in the early control, changes like those of CLOCCs; in follow-up studies (one and three months after the onset of respiratory failure), a gradual incomplete regression of the changes in the corpus callosum was seen. Her clinical condition improved quickly, with no seizures during the follow-up and no signs of focal CNS deficits. Cases of CLOCCs are reported as a secondary syndrome connected with many disease entities (e.g., toxic, infectious, and metabolic). The clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic to severe cases demanding intensive treatment. The diagnosis is determined via an MRI examination. Conclusions: The general prognosis for CLOCCs is good, though the normalization of a brain MRI can take several months. As the only method of showing CLOCCs, MRI is the imaging gold standard. Still, clinical abnormalities often precede radiological changes, as was the case with the reported patient.
Research on Vernacular Architecture—How Red Soil Affects Hakka Tulou from the Perspective of Shear Strength
Authors: Yang Sheng , Yang Yi , Xu Chenghong , Huang Zaojia , Lu En , Wu Ling , Gan Qiaohua
Published: February 2025

Hakka Tulou (Earthen Buildings) represent a unique form of vernacular architecture in China. However, with the rapid advancement of modern construction, many unreported Hakka Tulou are gradually disappearing. To address this issue, it is imperative to explore, study, and protect these structures. This study aims to investigate the material properties of red soil, a primary construction material used in Hakka Tulou, and evaluate its role in enhancing the structural resilience of these buildings. Specifically, the research focuses on analyzing the shear strength, density, water content, plastic limit, and liquid limit of red soil, comparing its performance with that of loess. Through experimental testing, the findings demonstrate that red soil exhibits superior shear stress resistance compared to loess, particularly under increasing vertical pressure. These results not only provide a deeper understanding of the material properties that contribute to the durability of Hakka Tulou but also offer valuable insights for their preservation and regeneration. By integrating traditional cultural practices with sustainable materials, this study contributes to the development of effective preservation strategies for Hakka Tulou, ensuring their continued relevance in the face of modern challenges.
Fire Evacuation Influence Factor Analysis and Optimization Research for Comprehensive Teaching Buildings
Authors: Wang Jian , Ke Xiaoqian , Chen Yuyan , Zhu Mingzhan , Sun Jingfeng
Published: February 2025

Due to the complexity of the architectural structure within comprehensive teaching buildings and the diversity of the student population, these buildings face more intricate fire safety challenges than ordinary teaching buildings. Current research primarily focuses on the analysis of single-building structures or individual factors, lacking an examination of the mechanism of multiple factors on emergency evacuation. Therefore, this study takes a comprehensive teaching building with a complex structure as a case study and, considering the behavioral characteristics of university personnel, conducts simulations using Pathfinder software. The model evaluates the effectiveness of pedestrian flow, vertical personnel distribution, horizontal functional zoning, priority ranking adjustments, and combination strategies on evacuation, as well as the impact of psychological factors on evacuation efficiency, providing a comparative analysis of the influence of each factor on evacuation. The results indicate that controlling the number of people in classrooms at the same time to reduce pedestrian flow can effectively shorten evacuation time, improving evacuation efficiency by 17.63%. The reasonable optimization of functional zoning and priority ranking can also effectively reduce evacuation time. In cases where there is high personnel density on upper floors and the teaching building’s functional zoning is unreasonable, the optimization effect of combination strategies is particularly significant, improving evacuation efficiency by 23.94%. Under panic conditions, leaders can effectively improve evacuation efficiency, and their role becomes increasingly significant as the level of panic rises. By considering the impact of various factors on evacuation, this research aims to enhance the evacuation efficiency of teaching buildings. The findings provide a scientific basis for emergency evacuation in complex buildings like teaching facilities.
Real-World Quality-of-Life Data in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Treated with CDK4/6 Inhibitors Using Four Assessment Tools
Authors: Stanciu Ioana-Miruna , Nitipir Cornelia
Published: February 2025

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of the type of CDK4/6 inhibitor administered and comorbidities on the quality of life in patients with metastatic breast cancer, as well as the correlation between quality of life and patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: This prospective single-center study utilized four internationally validated questionnaires: the EORTC QLQ-C30 (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), administered to a cohort of 76 patients undergoing treatment for metastatic breast cancer with CDK4/6 inhibitors. Results: Ribociclib is associated with fewer insomnia problems and appears to provide better sleep quality compared to other CDK4/6 inhibitors. Mental fatigue and loss of appetite negatively influence patient survival. Patients with comorbidities reported more severe insomnia and constipation. Comorbidities are associated with a lower quality of life, reflected in greater fatigue, insomnia, and constipation, as well as increased scores for depression and stress. Conclusions: Assessing global quality of life in metastatic breast cancer patients is essential, as it can predict patient progression and should be integrated into every breast cancer unit.
Low Intratumoral CD200 Protein Expression in Primary Merkel Cell Carcinoma Is a Strong Predictor for Disease Relapse
Authors: Gambichler Thilo , Girke Sophia , Abu Rached Nessr , Susok Laura , Becker Jürgen C. , Schulze Hans-Joachim , Hirsch Tobias , Kückelhaus Maximilian , Wellenbrock Sascha
Published: February 2025

Background: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and frequently fatal form of skin cancer. Apart from Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1)/Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling, there is a lack of knowledge regarding other immune checkpoint molecules. Recent studies have observed elevated glycoprotein CD200 (also known as OX-2) mRNA expression in in different types of tumors, with CD200R-expressing myeloid cells present in the tumor microenvironment. However, the potential role of the CD200/CD200 axis as an additional checkpoint modulator remains widely unexplored. The aim of this study was to determine the intratumoral protein expression of CD200 as well as CD200R in a larger cohort of MCC patients and to correlate the expression levels with patients’ outcomes. Methods: In this multicenter study, we investigated 68 patients with MCC (68 primary tumors and 15 corresponding metastases). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed for CD200 as well as CD200R. Digital quantification and analysis of IHC were performed using QuPath-0.2.3. Results: CD200 and CD200R expression was observed in 100% of cases. Univariate analysis revealed that low CD200 expression in primary tumors (p = 0.0007, HR 9.35), male sex (p = 0.045, HR 2.41), and immunosuppression (p = 0.0031, HR 6.36) were significantly associated with MCC relapse. Low CD200 expression was also linked to prior immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and/or chemotherapy treatment (p = 0.037). Multivariable analysis confirmed that low CD200 expression (p = 0.0012, HR 5.25) and immunosuppression (p = 0.0056, HR 4.11) were independent predictors of MCC relapse. Conclusions: Expression of CD200/CD200R proteins is very high in MCC and may thus be of diagnostic value. More importantly, low intratumoral CD200 protein expression in primary MCC represents a robust independent predictor of MCC relapse.
Effectiveness and Toxicity of Cemiplimab Therapy for Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Skin Cancer in a Community Oncology Practice
Authors: Fung Tina , Samlowski Wolfram , Meoz Raul
Published: February 2025

Background: The immune checkpoint inhibitor cemiplimab has significant clinical activity in unresectable and metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. There are limited real-world data available to assess the outcome of cemiplimab treatment in patients in a community practice setting. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes following cemiplimab treatment (350 mg IV every 3 weeks) of squamous cell skin cancer. An exploratory analysis was performed to evaluate patient subsets, including patients with locally advanced disease, regional or distant metastases, and “too numerous to count” primaries. Another small group of patients who did not respond to the initial four doses of cemiplimab were evaluated following added radiotherapy. Results: Of the 36 patients treated, 22 (61.1%) achieved complete remission, 10 (27.8%) experienced a partial response, 3 (8.3%) had stable disease, and 1 (2.8%) developed progressive disease. The median progression-free survival for the entire cohort was over 33 months. Overall, cemiplimab was well-tolerated, with no hospitalizations due to treatment-related toxicity. Conclusions: Cemiplimab produced complete remissions in over 60% of patients with locally advanced and metastatic squamous cell skin cancers, allowing elective treatment discontinuation. Addition of radiotherapy in cemiplimab-refractory patients appeared to increase tumor responsiveness. In contrast, patients with TNTC primary tumors frequently develop new primary skin cancers. Thus, improved treatment options for this patient subset are still needed.
Perceived Gaps in Oncologic Emergency Care for Patients with Cancer: A Qualitative Comparison of Emergency Medicine and Oncologist Physician Perspectives
Authors: Wattana Monica K. , Davenport Moira , Bischof Jason J. , Lindsay Angela B. , Pettit Nicholas R. , Menendez Jazmin R. , Harper Kelsey , Lipe Demis N. , Qdaisat Aiham
Published: February 2025

Objective: Providing high-quality, safe, and consistent care for patients with cancer in the emergency department (ED) poses unique challenges. To better understand these challenges, we surveyed oncologists and emergency medicine (EM) physicians across five institutions to identify key areas for improvement in oncologic EM. Methods: In this multi-institutional, cross-sectional qualitative study, a semi-structured survey was administered to EM attending and resident physicians and medical and surgical oncologists across five institutions in 2023. We assessed the open-ended questionnaire responses using thematic analysis; codes were created and collated to generate initial themes. The themes were then reviewed according to specialty for coherence and non-repetition and finalized. Results: Of the 302 surveys accessed, 185 (61.3%) had complete responses. Three main domains of issues emerged: systems-based challenges, direct patient care-related issues, and knowledge gaps. The issues most frequently perceived by oncologist survey respondents were long delays in care (41%), variability in care (25%), and communication issues between the EM physician and oncologist (14%). The issues most frequently perceived by EM physician survey respondents were knowledge gaps in cancer therapeutics (40%) and in general oncologic emergencies (23%); physician comfort level (14%); the timing and/or location of initial discussions about goals of care (13%); and challenges with the follow-up process (12%). Conclusions: Incorporating an interdisciplinary approach to patient care in the ED, improved EM oncologic education, and the development of oncologic specialized EDs may enhance the quality, safety, and consistency of care for patients with cancer in the ED.
The Role of Engagement in Virtual Reality to Enhance Emotional Well-Being in Breast Cancer Patients: A Mediation Analysis
Authors: Buche Hélène , Michel Aude , Anders Royce , Blanc Nathalie
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Virtual reality (VR) has garnered increasing attention in oncology due to its potential to enhance patient care by alleviating anxiety and emotional distress. The present work evaluates the hypothesis proposed by a recent theoretical model that engagement and the sense of presence are key mediators that impact the degree of beneficial effects that VR may have on the emotional well-being of breast cancer patients. Methods: This study draws on data from three previous studies comprising 156 breast cancer patients. The psychological variables of well-being studied included emotional dimensions measured before and after exposure to a virtual environment, as well as factors related to immersive qualities. Correlation and mediation analyses were conducted to explore relationships among said variables, namely, one’s tendency to be immersed in an activity, engagement, spatial presence, and emotional well-being (i.e., valence and arousal) of the patients. Results: Engagement plays a crucial mediating role between tendency of immersion, spatial presence, and positive emotional responses. Patients with a greater tendency toward immersion and higher engagement in the virtual environment showed significant emotional improvements. However, tendency of immersion and spatial presence alone did not directly lead to more positive emotional experiences; their influence was primarily exerted through engagement. Conclusions: Engagement emerges as a fundamental lever for maximizing the psychological benefits of VR in oncology. Clinical interventions using VR should prioritize optimizing engagement in immersive environments to improve patients’ emotional state throughout their cancer treatment journey.
The Elimination of N-Chloropiperidine in Aqueous Solution by Using Ni/NiO-C3N4 Under Visible Light Illumination
Authors: Bawazeer Tahani M. , Atran Amal A. , Alkhatib Fatmah M. , Hamdy Mohamed S.
Published: February 2025

One of the main challenges in environmental remediation is the creation of stable and effective photocatalysts to eliminate organic contaminants when exposed to visible light. For the degradation of N-chloropiperidine, a persistent organic pollutant with multiple dangerous issues, we provide the synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic evaluation of a Ni/NiO-incorporating carbon nitride (Ni/NiO-C3N4) composite in this work. The Ni/NiO-C3N4 photocatalyst was created by a single step of thermally polymerizing nickel nitrate and melamine. Four samples are ranged in Ni concentration from 0% to 10%. The coexistence of the Ni and NiO phases was confirmed by structural and morphological analyses using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). UV−Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) also demonstrated an enhanced capacity to absorb visible light. A study of photocatalytic performance under visible light illumination showed that the Ni/NiO-C3N4 composite degraded N-chloropiperidine at a much faster rate than either pure carbon nitride (0.0231 min−1), with a first-order rate constant of 0.0456 min−1. The reaction rate nearly quadrupled when 10% Ni was added to the C3N4 matrix. Furthermore, the Ni/NiO-C3N4 composite’s photocatalytic activity performed better than its counterparts Ni-C3N4 (0.0315 min−1) and NiO-C3N4 (0.0386 min−1). The synergistic interaction between Ni and NiO, which promotes effective charge separation and lowers electron–hole recombination, is responsible for the higher activity of Ni/NiO-C3N4, increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, reusability experiments conducted over four successive cycles showed a slight decrease in activity, indicating the prepared samples are stable and reusable.
Ovarian Mechanobiology: Understanding the Interplay Between Mechanics and Follicular Development
Authors: Wang Haiyang , Yang Liuqing
Published: February 2025

The ovary is a dynamic organ where mechanical forces profoundly regulate follicular development, oocyte maturation, and overall reproductive function. These forces, originating from the extracellular matrix (ECM), granulosa and theca cells, and ovarian stroma, influence cellular behavior through mechanotransduction, translating mechanical stimuli into biochemical responses. This review explores the intricate interplay between mechanical cues and ovarian biology, focusing on key mechanosensitive pathways such as Hippo signaling, the PI3K/AKT pathway, and cytoskeletal remodeling, which govern follicular dormancy, activation, and growth. Additionally, it examines how ovarian aging disrupts the mechanical microenvironment, with ECM stiffening and altered mechanotransduction contributing to a decline in ovarian reserve and reproductive potential. Emerging technologies, including 3D culture systems and organ-on-chip platforms, are highlighted for their ability to replicate the ovarian microenvironment and advance drug discovery and therapeutic interventions. By integrating mechanobiological principles, this review aims to enhance our understanding of ovarian function and provide new strategies for preserving fertility and combating infertility.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Thermal Shock Behavior of Insulating Refractory Materials
Authors: Mocciaro Anabella , Anaya Ricardo , Hernández María Florencia , Richard Diego , Rendtorff Nicolás Maximiliano
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the thermal shock behavior of three Al2O3-SiO2 commercial insulating refractory materials (JM23, JM26, and JM28) used in high-temperature industries (>1000 °C). Thermal shock resistance was evaluated through experimental tests and compared with theoretical parameters (R, R⁗, Rst) based on thermoelastic and thermomechanical models. The tests revealed that JM23 did not withstand thermal shock due to its fragility when in contact with water at room temperature, resulting in its immediate collapse. In contrast, JM26 and JM28 maintained their mechanical strength after several thermal shock cycles, although JM28 experienced a more significant decrease in compressive strength. The mechanical behavior under compression changed from semi-fragile to apparently plastic after severe heat treatments. Porosity analysis showed that JM26 had a lower pore size distribution, which contributed to its better thermal shock performance. Theoretical parameters were calculated, confirming that JM26 exhibited the highest resistance to thermal shock. These findings suggest that controlled porosity and microstructure are key factors in improving the thermal performance and durability of insulating refractory materials in high-temperature applications.
The Multidimensional Dynamic Feedback Model: A Comprehensive Framework for Understanding and Managing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Wang Yuying , Zhao Yuan , Hu Luming , Zhang Xuemin
Published: February 2025

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These symptoms can significantly impact academic performance, social interactions, and daily activities, often creating cycles that worsen long-term challenges. This review introduces the Multidimensional Dynamic Feedback Model (MDFM), which aids in understanding ADHD’s development and guiding intervention strategies. The model emphasizes the dynamic interactions among genetic, environmental, cognitive, and behavioral factors. The MDFM consists of three key aspects: (1) the interplay between genetic and environmental factors in shaping ADHD’s biological basis, (2) the role of cognitive and neural processes in driving core symptoms, and (3) the influence of behavioral feedback loops that reinforce negative behaviors and hinder adaptation. The model highlights the importance of personalized interventions and effective feedback systems, including early prevention, supportive family and school environments, and the impact of social and cultural backgrounds on treatment outcomes. As a comprehensive framework, the MDFM offers a holistic perspective for clinicians, aiming to enhance long-term outcomes and promote the health and well-being of individuals with ADHD across the lifespan. By addressing implementation challenges, the model seeks to improve ADHD prevention and management, ultimately supporting individuals and their communities.
Mechanical Circulatory Support in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Lynch Áine , Jeewa Aamir
Published: February 2025

As early survival outcomes have improved, heart failure in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) has become a growing problem. Primary care providers and pediatricians are thus encountering increasing numbers of children with or at-risk for heart failure. Despite medication, many of these children progress to end-stage heart failure and require heart transplant for long-term survival. Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is increasingly utilized to support this cohort both acutely when recovery is anticipated, and as a bridge to transplant. Early referral to tertiary heart failure and MCS teams is key to facilitate timely institution of MCS and preserve end-organ function. MCS in children with CHD presents unique challenges due to patient size and complex intra- and extra-cardiac anatomy. Evaluations for MCS should take into account patient size, anatomy, end-organ function, and psychosocial supports. The form of MCS utilized is dependent on clinical urgency, patient size, and anatomy. We describe the evolving landscape of MCS in pediatric patients with CHD.
Neonatal Outcomes of Mothers with Syphilis During Pregnancy: A Retrospective Single Center Experience
Authors: Buonsenso Danilo , Raffaelli Francesca , Camporesi Anna , Fiori Barbara , Ricci Rosalba , Romano Lucio , De Santis Marco , Vento Giovanni , Torti Carlo , Tamburrini Enrica , Valentini Piero
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Syphilis during pregnancy can be easily missed with potential severe outcomes of the newborns, including congenital syphilis (CS). We report the neonatal outcomes of a cohort of mothers with syphilis during pregnancy. Methods: a retrospective cohort study in a referral university hospital in Rome, enrolling mother/newborn couples followed up from 2016 to 2023 by a multidisciplinary team including infectious disease specialists, obstetricians, microbiologists, neonatologists and pediatricians. Primary outcome was the assessment of risk factors for development of congenital syphilis (CS) in the newborns. Results: Fifty-three pregnant women (median age 34, IQR 29–37 years) with documented syphilis in pregnancy have been included in this study. 50/52 (96.2%) were treated during pregnancy, and forty of them (80%) received adequate treatment. Fifty-three newborns were born from mothers with syphilis during pregnancy (female 25/48, 52.1%). Four newborns were classified as CS (7.5%), and two newborns as probable CS (3.8%). Newborns with CS were born more frequently from mothers treated inadequately (p 0.02), had higher probability of neonatal intensive care unit admission (p < 0.001), had a higher Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) titer (p 0.076), higher ALT (p 0.005). Univariate logistic regression conducted on the development of CS showed an adequate treatment as a protective factor (OR 0.03; 95% CI: 0.002; 0.31; p = 0.002), while later weeks of pregnancy for the beginning of treatment as a risk factor (OR 1.24; 95% CI: 1.02; 1.51; p = 0.026). Conclusions: Syphilis still represents a potential problem for women of childbearing age and their newborns, even in a high-income setting, making congenital syphilis far from being eradicated in Italy. Moreover, adequate and early treatment should be provided to avoid negative consequences to the newborns.
Exploring Visceral Fat as a Screening Marker for Cardiometabolic Risk in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Wang Xia , Cheng Hong , Xiong Jingfan , Liu Junting , Dong Hongbo , Fu Liwan , Xie Xiangjun , Shan Xinying , Zhao Xiaoyuan , Yan Yinkun , Xiao Pei , Mi Jie
Published: February 2025

Objective: To establish and validate age- and sex-specific visceral fat area (VFA) cutoff values for the effective identification of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in children and adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 8133 participants was conducted to derive age- and sex-specific VFA cutoffs, which were validated in a longitudinal cohort comprising 10,805 individuals. The predictive performance of the derived VFA cutoffs for CMR was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Additionally, logistic regression models were utilized to calculate the relative risk (RR) of CMR associated with elevated VFA levels. Results: The 75th percentile of the VFA was identified as the optimal cutoff for screening for hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and CMR clustering in boys. In girls, the 75th percentile was optimal for screening hypertension, dyslipidemia, and CMR clustering, while the 80th percentile proved best for hyperglycemia. No significant difference in predicative performance was observed between the optimal and simplified VFA cutoffs. Longitudinal validation demonstrated that individuals exceeding the VFA cutoff had a significantly higher risk for CMR, with RRs ranging from 1.33 to 3.89 (all p < 0.001) for boys and from 1.63 to 3.16 (all p < 0.001) for girls. Notably, normal-weight boys with VFA above the cutoff had a significantly higher CMR risk compared to their peers in other weight status categories. Conclusions: Both the optimal and simplified VFA cutoffs are robust tools for screening CMR in Chinese children and adolescents, with significant implications for early intervention strategies.
Assessment of Pulmonary Function in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Doğantan Şeyda , Taşkın Sema Nur , Yılmaz Yeğit Cansu , Özdemir Ali
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by joint inflammation, potentially leading to pulmonary involvement. This study aimed to assess pulmonary function in children with JIA compared to controls and identify potential respiratory abnormalities associated with the disease. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Pediatric Rheumatology, Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, İstanbul, Türkiye, between July and October 2024. The study included 70 children with JIA and 60 healthy controls aged 6 to 17. Pulmonary function test parameters, such as forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the 1st second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and FEV1/FVC ratio, were measured using spirometry. Oxygen saturation (SpO2) was also measured. Results: There were no significant differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between the JIA and control groups (p > 0.05). FVC and FEV1 values were lower in the JIA group, though not significantly (p = 0.831 and p = 0.711). However, PEF was significantly lower in the JIA group than controls (p = 0.005). Children with moderate or high disease activity had significantly lower FVC, FEV1, and FEF 25–75 than those with low disease activity (p < 0.001). Enthesitis-related arthritis patients had higher FVC and FEV1 than other JIA subtypes (p < 0.05). FVC and FEV1 were positively correlated with BMI (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Although PEF values were significantly lower in children with JIA, overall pulmonary function was comparable between the groups. Regular pulmonary monitoring in JIA patients is recommended for early detection and management of respiratory complications.
A Pilot Study on the Role of TRAFs in the Development of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Before and After Immunization with AstraZeneca Chadox1 in Mice
Authors: Ammara Mounia , Samiry Inass , Zaid Younes , Oudghiri Mounia , Naya Abdallah
Published: February 2025

The TRAF family of molecules are intracellular signaling adaptors that regulate various signaling pathways. These pathways are not only mediated by the TNFR superfamily and the Toll-like receptor/IL-1 receptor superfamily but also by unconventional cytokine receptors like IL-6 and IL-17 receptors. Overactive immune responses caused by TRAF signaling following the activation of these receptors frequently result in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and autoinflammatory syndromes. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the signaling processes controlled by TRAFs, which have a significant influence on the determination of cell fate (life or death) and the functioning, specialization, and endurance of cells in the innate and adaptive immune systems. Our data indicate that the dysregulation of cellular expression and/or signaling of TRAFs leads to the excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, hence promoting abnormal activation of immune cells. The objective of our investigation was to comprehend the function of these molecules in SARS-CoV-2 infection both prior to and during SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Our results demonstrate a clear inactivation of the TRAF5 and TRAF6 genes when infection occurs after immunization, in contrast to infection without prior vaccination. This can bolster the belief that immunization is essential while also demonstrating the involvement of these molecules in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.