bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação in vitro da Atividade Antimicrobiana de Extrato Alcoólico de Própolis Comparado à Solução de Clorexidina 0,12%
Authors: Botelho Maria Paula Jacobucci , Da Silva Amanda , Antônio Ferreira Fernanda Da Conceição , Capel Lígia Maria Molinari
Published: August 2017

Apesar dos esforços e do amplo entendimento sobre a cárie dental, está continua bastante prevalente em determinados segmentos da população. A doença apresenta etiologia multifatorial, com a dieta e os micro-organismos envolvidos desenvolvendo papéis fundamentais. Os Streptococcus mutans têm papel fundamental em seu início e é ubíquo em crianças a partir dos sete anos de idade. Para controlar essas bactérias é preciso uma dieta com baixo consumo de sacarose e de carboidratos fermentáveis, o que nem sempre se consegue. Sua remoção da superfície dentária só é possível por meio da fricção mecânica, mas pode-se prevenir sua presença no biofilme dentário através da utilização de antissépticos. O mais utilizado na Odontologia é a clorexidina, porém como não é isenta de efeitos adversos, atualmente, vêm-se estudando produtos alternativos, dentre os quais alguns agentes fitoterápicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a atividade da própolis contra os S. mutans em relação à clorexidina. Foi analisada própolis 70% diluída em álcool 96% e após diluída em água potável 5ml, própolis 50%, própolis 12% e clorexidina 0,12% (controle positivo), e solução salina (controle negativo). O operador foi cego em relação às substâncias que estava utilizando. Somente a clorexidina 0.12% e a própolis 12% apresentaram halo de inibição claro. Neste estudo, a clorexidina apresentou melhor atividade contra os S.mutans.Palavras-chave: Clorexidina. Cárie Dentária. Streptococcus mutans.AbstractDespite the efforts and the broad understanding on dental caries, it is still quite prevalent in certain segments of the population. The disease shows a multifactorial etiology, with diet and microorganisms involved developing fundamental roles. The Streptococcus mutans has key role in its beginning and is ubiquitous in children as young as seven years of age. To control these bacteria a diet is necessary with low consumption of sucrose and of fermentable carbohydrates, which is not always possible. The tooth surface removal is only possible through mechanical friction, but it is possible to prevent the presence of dental biofilm through the use of antiseptics. The most widely used in dentistry is chlorhexidine, however as it is not devoid of adverse effects, currently alternative products have been studying, among which some herbal agents. The aim of this study was to analyze the activity of propolis against S. mutans compared to chlorhexidine. Propolis was analyzed diluted in 70% ethanol 96% and further diluted in drinking water 5ml, 50% propolis, propolis 12% and 0.12% chlorhexidine (positive control), and saline (negative control). The operator was blinded for the substances he was using. Only 0.12% chlorhexidine and 12% propolis showed clear inhibition halo. In this study the chlorhexidine presented better activity against S. mutans.Keywords: Chlorhexidine. Dental Caries. Antimicrobials. Streptococcus mutans
Social media and the medical profession
Authors: Gorea R K
Published: August 2017

Social media is now increasingly being used by various professionals to enhance the professional outcome and
solve the day to day problems and enrich their knowledge but the medical fraternity is lagging behind in this
race. Medical professionals are using social media for private use but for professional use, trend is of hesitant
use. There are two groups on the social media, one is of consumers and other is of providers and medical
professionals best fit in the second category due to their knowledge, experience, and expertise but newly
registered doctors fall into the first category. Limited use of social media is due to ignorance and fear of legal
problems.
Objective and purpose of this paper are to make medical professionals aware about the potentials,
advantages, disadvantages, ethical issues, limitations, challenges and precautions about using the social media
so that medical professionals can use the social media in a better and safe way.
Complete blood count, cholinesterase, and renal function of organophosphate sprayers
in Kulonprogo
Authors: Wiraagni Idha Arfianti
Published: August 2017

Background: There are several risks to health
associated with pesticide use. The use of Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) can minimize pesticide
exposure to farmers. The aim of this study was to
determine the basic characteristics of farmers, blood
parameters (complete blood count, cholinesterase,
and creatinine), patterns of pesticide use, and the use
of PPE.
Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study,
with total sampling method. The data were taken
from all farmers in Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta,
Indonesia. Case group was organophosphate sprayers
that have sprayed organophosphate for more than 1
year.
Results: In case of group, there were 36 farmers (31
male and 5 female), while in control group, there
were 11 persons (4 male and 7 female). The mean
blood cholinesterase level in the exposed group was
7.8 ± 2.01Ku/L and in the control group 8.7± 1.56
Ku/L. The mean of exposed group blood urea
nitrogen: 12.08±3.88 mmol/L and control Group:
11.4±3.11 mmol/L. The mean of blood creatinine was
within normal limits (case group: 0.9 ± 0.17mg/dl and
control group: 0.7 ± 0.19 mg/dl), but there were
significant differences between them (p : 0.015).
Conclusions: The results of a complete blood count,
cholinesterase, and renal function in the
organophosphate sprayers In Kulonprogro were
within normal limits. There was an increase of
creatinine levels on exposed group significantly,
although still within normal limit. They have sufficient
rest period for farmers (1 month) in every planting
season. It is necessary to educate farmers about the
importance of using PPE and management of acute
pesticide poisoning.
Age determination and the importance of teeth in forensic odontology: A retrospective review
Authors: Sam George
Published: August 2017

Because of illegal immigrations, particularly after the
so called Arab spring and the growing incidence of
natural and man-made disasters which regrettably
was very common in the last three to four decades,
age determination has gained increasing importance
in legal medicine. Forensic odontology is a branch of
dentistry which deals with the proper handling and
examination of dental evidence and the proper
evaluation and presentation of dental findings in the
interest of justice. There are various methods are
used in Dentistry as an Evidence in Forensic
Identification. Dental maturity, have a very
imperative position in the assessment of age in
children and adolescents forensic examinations. As
time passes, with the increase in human greed and
aspirations to conquer more and more nations in the
false name of ‘removal of the dictators’ and the
‘forceful imposition of imported western democracy’
that has produced devastating results in the middle
east and ultimately resulting in illegal mass
immigration occurring towards Europe, eventually
resulting in increase of crime and other legal and
illegal activities, Forensic odontology as a branch in
dentistry will continue to play its important role in
legal medicine.
Fatal Stud gun injuries: Case reports
Authors: El Gawad Hatem M Abd
Published: August 2017

Wounds caused by stud guns are not infrequent in
construction companies. Reported deaths following
stud gun injuries are hardly met with in forensic
literature. Also, the pathophysiological mechanism
involved in the production of such type of wounds is
not very clear. The article presents two reported
cases of accidental fatal and stud gun injuries of chest
together with a brief review of this type of industrial
tool and its ammunition so that we can shed light on
the wounding mechanism. The importance of careful
post-mortem examination, and detailed investigation
of the scene, to reconstruct the event, and to
determine the manner of death are included.
Two eras of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an experience of 3000 cases
Authors: Khan Jahangir Sarwar , Ahmad Raheel
Published: August 2017

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) a minimal invasive procedure is regarded as gold standard for gallstone disease for many years. With increase learning curve of surgeons, the incidence of complications of this procedure decreases significantly. The purpose of study was to compare the experiences of Laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed.Methods: It was a retrospective cohort study conducted in Surgical Department, Rawalpindi Medical College and author's surgical clinic. From 1st January 1998 to 31st December 2014. Total 3000 patients of Laparoscopic cholecystectomy were divided into 2 groups. First 1500 cases (operated between January 1998 to December 2007) in Group A and next 1500 cases (operated between January 2008 to December 2014) in Group B. Preoperative diagnosis, intraoperative findings and injuries especially incidence of CBD injuries with post-operative complications and their management were evaluated.Results: Out of 3000 cases 2585 (86.1%) were females and 415 (13.8%) were males. Total 18 (0.6%) cases had CBD injury during LC. 17 cases were in group A which decreased significantly to 1 case in Group B. Mean operative time was 30 minutes. Wound infection remained the most common postoperative complication.Conclusions: In our setup, the burden of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstones have increased with very low incidence of complications.
Pedicled omentum hepatorrhaphy in blunt hepatic trauma
Authors: Arora Bhavinder K. , Arora Rachit , Arora Akshit
Published: August 2017

Background: The liver is the most common solid viscera injured in motor vehicle accidents. Advances in radiological diagnostic techniques and critical care have increasing trend towards the nonoperative management. Still operative management is needed if there is continuous bleed or haemodynamic instability. The omentum commonly known as policeman of abdomen as it reaches intra-abdominal injury site. It is known to adhere to the site of injury and seals it. It increases the vascularity and starts neoangiogenesis. This produces haemostasis and promotes wound healing.Methods: In this study 24 patients were managed by this technique of pedicled omentoplasty. These patients were in the age group of 22 to 42 years. There was male dominance, 22 patients were males (91.7%) while only 2 patients were females (8.3%). The use of omentum in packing is described here. The omentum is converted to a pedicled flap based on right omental artery by tailoring it. The active bleeding vessels can be ligated. The whole length of pedicled omentum is packed in liver cavity. Using liver sutures two or more sutures are applied for stabilization.Results: On exploration, the hepatic injury was assigned grade as per AAST liver injury scale. Out of 24 patients included in this study; two (8.33%) were grade I patients, three (12.5%) were grade II patients, nine (37.5%) were grade III patients and ten (41.67%) were grade IV patients. Patients with grade V and grade VI were dealt by perihepatic packing as damage control surgery were excluded from this study.Conclusions: Pedicled omentoplasty in blunt hepatic trauma can be used irrespective of the grade of liver injury. It should be used in combination with other procedures like debridement, segmental or unsegmental resection, control of active bleeding vessels, use of Pringles manoeuvre, selective hepatic artery ligation and even with deep mattress suturing. This helps in haemostasis, early healing and rapid recovery with minimum complications.
Comparative study of single dose preoperative antibiotics versus both preoperative and postoperative antibiotics in laparoscopic appendicectomy for nonperforated appendicitis
Authors: Bangaru Himabindu , Gaiki Varun V. , Reddy M. V. Ranga
Published: August 2017

Background: Antibiotics are being administered both preoperatively and postoperatively even in uncomplicated nonperforated appendicitis. Studies regarding role of postoperative antibiotics in laparoscopic appendicectomy for nonperforated appendicitis are sparse. The aim of the study is therefore to study the efficacy of single dose preoperative antibiotics versus both preoperative and postoperative antibiotics in reducing surgical site infection in laparoscopic appendicectomy for uncomplicated nonperforated acute appendicitis.Methods: This is a prospective study done in general surgery department at Malla Reddy institute of medical sciences from September to April 2016.162 patients with nonperforated appendicitis were randomly allocated into two groups. 80 patients in Group A were given single dose of preoperative prophylactic antibiotics. No further antibiotics were given. 82 patients in Group B were given both preoperative and postoperative antibiotics. Postoperative surgical site infection and duration of postoperative hospital stay were compared between both groups. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA, Fisher’s Exact test and Chi-square test wherever necessary.Results: There was no significant difference in the rate of surgical site infection in both groups. The mean duration of postoperative hospital stay was shorter in preoperative antibiotics only group (Group A). Age and gender had no significant association with surgical site infection. There was no deep incisional or organ space infection in this study.Conclusions: Single dose prophylactic antibiotics would be sufficient in cases of laparoscopic appendicectomy for simple uncomplicated nonperforated acute appendicitis. Postoperative antibiotic administration would not be necessary in these cases.
A socio-demographic study of the “loss to follow–up in TB cases under DOTS” in and around tertiary teaching care hospital
Authors: Pasha M. A. M. , Fatima Afsar , Gopichand Sumana , Sushma M.
Published: August 2017

Background: India had 2.6 million cases of Tuberculosis as per the latest count and ranks 14th among 22 high TB burden countries globally. Loss to follow-up is a TB patient who did not start treatment or whose treatment was interrupted for 2 consecutive months or more. Knowing the demographic profile and reasons for non-adherence to treatment among the loss to follow up TB cases helps in prevention of infection source, development of resistant strains and also helps in reducing relapse rate and mortality, which helps in achieving the end TB strategy. Methods: The aim of this study was to know the socio-demographic profile of “loss to follow up in TB cases under DOTS” in and around tertiary teaching care hospital. A retrospective analytical study was done after getting a sample size i.e.79 cases from the register obtained from Tuberculosis unit, Government Hospital, Nandyal. Results: Out of 79 cases, 45 (57%) belonged to upper lower class (IV), 15 (19%) belonged to lower class (V), 14 (17.7%) belonged to lower middle class (III), 5 (6.3%) belonged to upper middle class, according to modified Kuppuswamy classification.Conclusions: The study showed that most of the patients belonged to upper lower class and there was significant association between (a) socio-economic status and symptoms appeared, (b) socio-economic status and investigations done, (c) socio-economic status and the person who diagnosed first, (d)socio-economic status and under whose supervision treatment was taken.
Analysis of the practice and the reasons for under documentation of body mass index and unintentional weight loss in adult hospitalized patients in Indian set up
Authors: Bajpai Prashant K. , Singh R. R. , Mehrotra C. N. , Bhatia Sanjiv
Published: August 2017

Background: The present study analyzed the practice of documentation of BMI and history of unintentional weight loss in adult hospitalized patients on admission by the health care staff and the causes for their under documentation. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 600 healthcare workers, 150 duty medical officers and 450 nurses attending to adult hospitalized patients in both public and private hospitals of Lucknow, U.P., India and nearby districts. Information was collected on the basis of a self-administered questionnaire, on the practice of recording of weight, height, BMI and history of unintentional weight loss in past three months in patient records and also for the reasons for the under-documentation. Results: Only 54.16% of the staff admitted documenting BMI of the patients regularly in their case notes. Similarly, only 60% of the staff documented history of unintentional weight loss in past three months in patient case notes. Documentation was omitted more by nurses as compared to medical officers. The main reasons for under-documentation were work overload and time constraints, lack of training, confusion regarding responsibility and mistaken opinion for malnutrition screening. Conclusions: BMI and weight loss are often not recorded by health staff, more so by nurses. They need to be provided sufficient time to perform nutritional assessment of patient; moreover we should make them competent and delineate roles to them as well as develop a nutrition culture in our health facilities.
Tobacco smoking trends and treatment outcomes in Tuberculosis patients of district Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India: a cohort study
Authors: Singh Harshvardhan , Thakur Anita , Mazta Salig Ram , Chauhan Tripti
Published: August 2017

Background: India carries the highest burden of tuberculosis worldwide. To achieve the goals of the ‘END TB’ strategy, it is imperative to understand the factors which can influence the treatment outcomes. The objectives were to study the socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects and to study the factors influencing treatment outcomes in the TB patients. Methods: A prospective cohort study design was employed and all patients (n=117) who were registered for category I DOTS during the last quarter of 2015 were included after obtaining written informed consent. Home visits with patient interviews were conducted to collect information on determinants. Univariate and binary logistic regression models were employed. Results: The overall treatment success rate was 93.2% (Cure rate=87%, treatment completion rate=100%). Default, death, failure and lost to follow up rates were 2.6%, 2.6%, 0.8% and 0.8% respectively. Those with a history of tobacco smoking [RR: 6 (1.27-28.37); p=0.02], second hand smoke [RR: 8.75 (1.11-68.88); p=0.02], indoor air pollution [RR: 7.89 (1.10-62.13); p=0.02] and alcohol use [RR: 6.13 (1.57-23.93); p=0.01] had higher risks of developing unfavourable treatment outcomes. The commonest cause of indoor air pollution was smoke surfacing out of fire-wood used for cooking and tobacco. Conclusions: The treatment success rates conform to the END TB strategy targets of 90%. Tobacco smoking, second hand smoke, indoor air pollution and alcohol intake were associated with adverse outcomes. Health education regarding the ill effects of tobacco and alcohol with regards to the disease preventability and curability needs to be further intensified. Larger studies to determine the effect of indoor air pollution as a risk factor and its impact on treatment outcomes by contemporary scientific methods by collaborating with other agencies involved in environmental studies is highly recommended.
Domniemanie poczytalności – krytyka reguły stosowanej w polskiej procedurze karnej
Authors: Lisowska Anna
Published: August 2017

Nie wzbudza wątpliwości stanowisko, iż obowiązujące przepisy prawa powinny gwarantować bezpieczeństwo i poczucie sprawiedliwości w społeczeństwie. Zapewnienie wspomnianych wartości wymaga od ustanawianych regulacji normatywnych uwzględnienia wszelkich czynników, również tych z innych dziedzin nauki, które są z nimi związane. Poczytalność, a także jej domniemanie bez wątpienia należą do zagadnień wykraczających bezpośrednio poza ramy płaszczyzny prawa. Rozważenie słuszności stosowania obowiązującego w polskiej procedurze karnej domniemania poczytalności sprawcy czynu zabronionego wymaga dokonania dogłębnej analizy niepoczytalności, jej konstrukcji oraz czynników mających wpływ na pozbawienie sprawcy czynu zabronionego zdolności rozpoznania jego znaczenia lub pokierowania swoim postępowaniem. Poczynienie rozważań w omawianym zakresie pozwoli na uzyskanie argumentów uzasadniających przyjęcie krytycznej postawy wobec przyjmowania domniemania poczytalności sprawcy czynu zabronionego.
Rachunek powierniczy – niedoceniona forma zabezpieczenia obrotu handlowego
Authors: Guziński Wojciech
Published: August 2017

W niniejszym artykule autor przedstawia materię funkcjonującego w polskim systemie prawnym rachunku powierniczego. We wstępie opisuje definicję rachunku bankowego sensu largo i jego rodzajów w myśl prawa bankowego, a w dalszej części przechodzi do szczegółowego opisu rachunku powierniczego. Przedmiotem rozważań są zabezpieczenia dotyczące rachunku powierniczego wynikające z prawa bankowego, a także zastosowania tego rachunku w polskim prawie. Autor przedstawia również wnioski de lege ferenda w zakresie opisywanej materii.
An Experiential Comparative Tool for Board Games
Authors: Chircop David
Published: August 2017

In the field of game studies, contemporary board games have until now remained relatively unexplored. The recent years have allowed us to witness the emergence of the occasional academic texts focusing on board games – such as Eurogames (Woods, 2012), Characteristics of Games (Elias et al. 2013), and most recently Game Play: Paratextuality in Contemporary Board Games (Booth, 2015). The mentioned authors all explore board games from diverse viewpoints but none of these authors present a viable and practical analytical tool to allow us to examine and differentiate one board game from another. In this vein, this paper seeks to present an analytical comparative tool intended specifically for board games. The tool builds upon previous works (Aarseth et al. 2003; Elias et al. 2012; and Woods 2012) to show how four categories – rules, luck, interaction and theme – can interact on different levels to generate diverse gameplay experiences. Such a tool allows to score games objectively and separately in each of the categories to create a combined gameplay experience profile for each board game. Following this, the paper proceeds to present numerous practical examples of contemporary board games and how it can be used from a design perspective and an analytical perspective alike.
Who Is the Note-Worthy Fan? Featuring Players in the Official Facebook Communication of Mainstream Video Games
Authors: Švelch Jan , Krobová Tereza
Published: August 2017

Video game fans participate in the official promotion of video games, either voluntarily, or unwillingly when their fanworks are appropriated and used by video game publishers. The article provides a quantitative overview of the presence of fans in the official social media profiles of four selected mainstream games (Dragon Age: Inquistion, Evolve, Mortal Kombat X and The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt) during a one-year period from August 2014 to July 2015. Combining the traditional method of content analysis and Facebook data-mining, we explore the frequency with which fans appear in social media (including questions of various forms of fanworks and gender) and what user activity is generated by posts featuring fans and fan creations. Results show that fans or their fanworks are featured in 8–24% of all posts depending on a game and in the most common categories of painting and cosplay they generate a comparable level of user engagement as traditional promotional posts.
The Effect of Concentration and Exposure Time Acyclovir for Elimination Sugarcane Mosaic Virus (SCMV) on The Apical Bud Culture of Sugarcane PS 881
Authors: Maisaro Maisaro , Sugiharto Bambang , Dewanti Parawita
Published: August 2017

SCMV (Sugarcane Mosaik Virus) is sugarcane crop disease resulting in chlorosis in leaves with the formation of the colors yellow and green intermittents. Based on survey information obtained that the air observation of all varieties of sugarcane was already stricken with the virus SCMV. Even the most formidable attack is on PS881 varieties with the intensity of the attacks reached 80%, so that it is estimated will lose up to 40% of the harvest. The sugarcane is virus free can be obtained via organogenesis in tissue culture method directly on the apical meristem, somatic embryogenesis at, and also with the addition of khemoterapeutan (acyclovir).The workings of the khemoterapi materials are the chemotherapi will interfere with replication and synthesis of genetic material of the virus but also cause the same effect against the mechanism of synthesis of nuklet acid on plants hosts. This research aims to find the best concentration and exposure time the most good in eliminating viruses SCMV in the apical bud culture of sugarcane PS881, using the antiviral acyclovir in conditions of invitro, so that the resulting plant will be virus free. The methods used to detect the presence of the virus by using the two ways, the first is by serology test through the protein content of the virus / checking nucleic acid virus with ELISA and the second is by RT-PCR. The results of the analysis showed that the interaction between the concentration of chemotherapy and exposure time produces the best treatment in eliminating the virus was . treatment with acyclovirc oncentration of 20 ppm and exposure time of 5 weeks.
The Relationship between Portunidae Diversity and Mangrove Density at Popongan Coastal Baluran National Park, East Java Indonesia
Authors: Dewi Yuni Kartika , Purnomo Hari , Sudarmadji Sudarmadji
Published: August 2017

This research was conducted in the mangrove forest of Popongan beach at Baluran National Park, East Java. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between mangrove density and Portunidae diversity in mangrove forest at Popongan beach. Line transect method was used in this research. There are three transects consist of 17 plots, each plot sized 20m x 20m. The data analysis were done by using Person correlation and linear regression R Program. The results showed p-value 0,003, it means there is relationship between Portunidae diversity and the mangrove density. The temperature and tide showed p-value < 0,005, that means the abiotic factors affect Portunidae diversity in mangrove. The Portunidae diversity at mangrove forest of Popongan beach is relatively low (H’value 0,152). There were five species was found, there were Charybdis (Charybdis) miles, Podhopthalmus vigil, Portunuspelagicus,Scyllaserrata,and Thalamita crenata. The dominant species in this mangrove forest is Thalamita crenata. The composition of mangrove forest vegetation were Rhizophora apiculata, Ceriops tagal, Lumnitzera racemosa, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia alba, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Pemphis acidula, dan Xylocarpus  moluccensis. The dominant vegetation in this mangrove forest is Rhizophora apiculata.
Immunogenity of Protein Extract from Salivary Gland of Anopheles aconitus in Malaria Endemic Area
Authors: Septiawan Mahful , Budayatin Budayatin , Wiyono Hidayat Teguh , Senjarini Kartika
Published: August 2017

Although malaria had ever been virtually eradicated from Indonesia but currently malaria is recognized as a serious re-emerging threat to public health. This disease is caused by malaria parasite which is transmitted to human host by Anopheles mosquitoes as main vector. It has been widely observed that saliva of mosquito that transmits disease contains several factors that could enhance pathogen infection. Therefore, it should be possible to control pathogen transmission by vaccinating the host against the molecule(s) in saliva that potentiate the infection. However, immunogenic specific component in mosquitoes vectors of Malaria has not yet been identified so far. The objective of this study are to analyze protein profile of SDS-PAGE and to know the immunogity the protein extract of salivary gland from potential vector of Malaria i.e. An. aconitus We used immunogenic reaction between salivary gland extract of these vectors against pool of human sera which were collected from endemic area. The reaction conducted by the dot-blot analyze. SDS-PAGE studies showed 15 major polypeptide bands of 284, 100, 84, 75, 66, 57, 53, 48, 45, 38, 33, 29, 15, 14, and 11 kDa. The dot-blot studies showed that the protein extract of salivary gland from An. aconitus are immunogenic.
Application of the Concept Circle in the Software GUI Matlab
Authors: Ratnawati Sri , Kusno Kusno , Kamsyakawuni Ahmad
Published: August 2017

Mathematics as a basic science has objects that are abstract, mathematical aimed at understanding the concept by providing the ability to reason logically, systematically, critical, careful and creative so that if the mathematics are taught using the book will be hard to accept students. Junior high school students in general are still difficulties in learning mathematics in particular on the material loop. Therefore, it needs the development of more interactive learning media and can help students in the learning process, one of them with the help of Software Graphic User Interface (GUI) Matlab. The concept of a circle is presented in the form of Software GUI Matlab so that students can use to understand the concepts of geometry with ease and be more independent, and help teachers to explain the concept of the circle in the learning process. The application of the concept of the circle in Matlab GUI Software is done by constructing a circle 1. Concept definition, 2. Elements of the circle, 3. The corners of the circle, 4. Relationships angle at the center of the circle and the angle of the circle, and 5. Nature tangent to the circle . Data construction concept of one to five are arranged in Matlab GUI program to produce instructional media in the form of software.
Characterization Physiology and Molecular Bacteria Symbiont- Entomopathogenic Nematodes based of Gene Sequences Encoding the 16S rRNA District of Bromo Probolinggo
Authors: Setiawan Bagus , Sulistyanto Didik , Senjarini Kartika
Published: August 2017

This study aims to identify entomopathogenic nematodes symbiotic bacteria phenotypically and based on the gene encoding 16S rRNA sequences. Bacterial symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes, obtained from isolates from the area Wonokerto (WN01) and isolates Sukapura (SP01), Bromo, Probolinggo, two symbiont bacteria was found in entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema sp. The method used in this study are: the isolation of entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema sp. and bacterial symbionts conventionally for the identification of phenotypically, after the characterization of bacterial isolates, the isolation of genomic DNA, 16S rRNA PCR, DNA purification and DNA sequence analysis. The results based on phenotypic characterization showed that isolates WN01 and SP01, yellowish white, gram positive, negative bioluminenscene, catalase positive, can not hydrolyze urea, and also can not produce H2S. The results of the gene encoding 16S rRNA sequence can be deduced WN01 isolates have in common with the bacteria Bacillus strain toyonensis BCT 7112, while the SP01 isolates have in common with the bacteria Bacillus strain cereus ATCC 14 579.
Onoceranoid Triterpene from Langsep Leaf (Lansium domesticum Corr.) and Its Insecticide Activity to Spodoptera littura Larvae
Authors: Winata I Nyoman Adi , Sjaifullah Achmad , Cahyani Dita J. , Ayu Woro D.
Published: August 2017

Onoceranoide type of triterpene was isolated from leaf of langsep (Lansium domesticum Corr.) Isolation is conducted by vacuum and flash column chromatography technics with Silika Gel 60 F, Silika Gel 60 (70-230 mesh), and Sephadex LH-20 powder as stationery phase and mixture of dichloromethane, methanol, ethyl acetate as mobile phase. The structure was identified by Infrared and NMR spectroscopy. It has moderate insecticidal activity to Spodoptera littura larvae with LC50 13,6 ppm.
Morphological Description of Drosophila melanogaster Wild Type (Diptera:Drosophilidae), Sepia and Plum Strain
Authors: Hotimah Husnul , Purwatiningsih Purwatiningsih , Senjarini Kartika
Published: August 2017

Drosophila melanogaster is one of the insects which have a very important role in the development of the genetic science. Drosophila melanogaster have many mutation, recently there are many mutant such as sepia and plum strain. Morgan et al have found 85 strain mutan of Drosophila melanogaster. The purpose of these research was to characterize of morphological from the head, thorax, and abdomen. The result show that the morphological of Drosophilla melanogaster wild type, sepia and plum mutant have many similarities. The difference of them are the eyes color, Drosophila melanogaster wild type has red eye, sepia strain has a dark brown eye and plum has a dark purple eye.
Simple House Needs in Jember with Robust Small Area Estimation
Authors: Murtinasari Frida , Hadi Alfian Futuhul , Anggraeni Dian
Published: August 2017

SAE (Small Area Estimation) is often used by researchers, especially statisticians to estimate parameters of a subpopulation which has a small sample size. Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (EBLUP) is one of the indirect estimation methods in Small Area Estimation. The presence of outliers in the data can not guarantee that these methods yield precise predictions . Robust regression is one approach that is used in the model Small Area Estimation. Robust approach in estimating such a small area known as the Robust Small Area Estimation. Robust Small Area Estimation divided into several approaches. It calls Maximum Likelihood and M- Estimation. From the result, Robust Small Area Estimation with M-Estimation has the smallest RMSE than others. The value is 1473.7 (with outliers) and 1279.6 (without outlier). In addition the research also indicated that REBLUP with M-Estimation more robust to outliers. It causes the RMSE value with EBLUP has five times to be large with only one outlier are included in the data analysis. As for the REBLUP method is relatively more stable RMSE results.
PRÉ-ESCOLA, OBRIGATORIEDADE E PLANOS DE EDUCAÇÃO NO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Nunes Maria Fernanda Rezende , Barros Camila Dos Anjos , Dos Santos Edson Cordeiro
Published: August 2017

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a obrigatoriedade na Educação Infantil – EI nos Planos Municipais de Educação de 16 municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro, com a metodologia de seleção levando em conta o Produto Interno Bruto per capita e a população (2010), agrupando em pares por semelhanças (PIB/População) e diferenças (atendimento na pré-escola em 2010 e 2014). A análise incide sobre a expansão da EI, principalmente no que diz respeito à pré-escola, que deve ser universalizada em 2016, considerando a meta e suas estratégias, em diversas categorias: expansão do atendimento, dotação orçamentária e relação entre os entes federativos.
O contexto de improvisação em música popular instrumental sob uma perspectiva sistêmica
Authors: Silva Raphael Ferreira da
Published: August 2017

Neste artigo procuramos construir um arcabouço teórico que possa auxiliar no estudo das dinâmicas internas inerentes ao contexto de improvisação em música popular instrumental, notadamente no que se refere ao jazz e à música brasileira popular instrumental. As considerações expostas podem servir como suportes conceituais para o processo analítico de casos encontrados nessas diferentes realidades técnico-estéticas, uma vez que, de maneira geral, abordamos elementos e comportamentos observados em práticas disseminadas dentro das vertentes supracitadas. Buscamos propor um olhar reflexivo sobre o objeto artístico a partir de conceitos provenientes de um modelo analítico interdisciplinar, que tem na Sistêmica a sua principal sustentação.
Traço falciforme no Brasil: revisão da literatura e proposta de tecnologia de informação para orientação de profissionais da atenção primária
Authors: Sousa Alex Monteiro de , Silva Francisco Ranilson Alves
Published: August 2017

INTRODUÇÃO: doença falciforme é uma anemia hemolítica hereditária ocasionada pela formação de uma hemoglobina mutante (Hemoglobina S), que afoiça as hemácias. O traço falciforme nomeia a condição benigna e assintomática de portador, não configurando doença. Os profissionais de atenção básica devem ser orientados sobre o teste do pezinho para hemoglobinopatias, e avaliar a necessidade de encaminhamento ao especialista. OBJETIVOS: elaborar e emitir boletim informativo e fluxograma de atendimento afim de determinar a conduta frente à criança com traço falciforme na atenção primária. METODOLOGIA: trabalho de revisão bibliográfica descritiva, documental, realizado nos web sites: scielo.com.br, bvsms.saude.gov.br, uptodate.com. DISCUSSÃO: no Brasil, acredita-se que a prevalência de traço falciforme seja de 27/1000 nascimentos, chegando até 6% de toda população negra, configurando um sério problema de saúde pública. Estudos demonstraram que conhecimento e confiança dos profissionais na condução destes casos podem aumentar significativamente com estratégias educacionais simples. CONCLUSÃO: frente à alta prevalência de traço falciforme no país, e diante da oneração ao já sobrecarregado sistema de saúde, verifica-se a necessidade de orientação dos profissionais de atenção básica para o atendimento da criança com traço falciforme.
Bilateral severe visual loss in a patient with acute pancreatitis: Purtscher-like Retinopathy
Authors: Aragao Ricardo Evangelista Marrocos de , Barreira Ieda Maria Alexandre , Carneiro Gustavo Jose Arruda Mendes , Pinto Nayara Queiroz Cardoso , Oria Talles Peterson Cavalcante , Ferreira Jhonatan De Paula Araujo , Menezes Igor Costa
Published: August 2017

Purtscher retinopathy is a unilateral or bilateral visual loss following acute injury to the thorax or head. It is characterized by large cotton-wool spots, hemorrhages, and retinal edema. Vision loss may be permanent due to isquemia of the retina, and optic atrophy. Is thought to be a result of injury-induced complement ativation causing granulocyte aggregation and leukoembolization. Other conditions may active complement and may produce similar fundus appearance including acute pancreatitis, collagen-vascular disease, childbirth, and amniotic fluid embolism. Herein, we describe a patient with bilateral permanent visual loss following diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.
Intoxicação exógena por carbamato: relato de caso
Authors: Medeiros Luciana Rodrigues Façanha Barreto , Silva Neto Acrízio Dedê , Zaranza Marza De Souza , Bezerra Juliana Costa Campelo , Farias Gregório Fernandes Barros de , Furtado Júnior Alberto Hil , Peixoto Júnior Arnaldo Aires
Published: August 2017

Os carbamatos usados com inseticidas são compostos anticolinesterásicos com variado grau de toxicidade para o ser humano. A maioria das intoxicações por esses agentes ocorre por exposição acidental da derme. Entretanto, ocorrem também ingestões acidentais e suicidas. Este relato de caso objetiva abordar o manejo intensivo da síndrome colinérgica em unidade de terapia intensiva e propor um fluxograma prático de manejo da intoxicação por carbamato. Abordamos o caso de um paciente jovem do sexo masculino, internado na UTI clínica do Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, admitido após ingestão intencional da substância aldicarbe (“chumbinho”), que é utilizado de forma irregular como raticida e sabidamente possui efeitos colinérgicos. O paciente apresentava rebaixamento do nível de consciência, bradicardia, sialorréia e insuficiência respiratória.
Retalho vascularizado de fíbula para tratamento de pseudoartrose de úmero
Authors: Machado William De Almeida , Pessoa Breno Bezerra Gomes de Pinho , Pessoa Salustiano Gomes de Pinho , Ribeiro Rogerio De Oliveira
Published: August 2017

O arcabouço ósseo do corpo humano é fundamental para o desempenho adequado das diversas funções do organismo. A perda desta sustentação óssea provoca alterações devastadoras no desempenho da região afetada. Neste contexto, os retalhos osteomiocutâneos figuram como alternativas plausíveis para correções de lesões complexas, podendo fornecer apoio osteomuscular, e, quando necessário, dispor de pele para cobertura de lesões tegumentares. Relato de caso: paciente do sexo masculino com 55 anos de idade, diabético e tabagista, vítima de atropelamento há 25 anos, sofrendo trauma em membro superior esquerdo com fratura fechada de úmero. Foi submetido a tratamento cirúrgico ortopédico inicial com fixação da fratura través de parafuso e placa metálica. Após 15 anos, durante grande esforço físico com o membro superior esquerdo, sofreu nova fratura em úmero. Foi submetido a nova intervenção cirúrgica, com a utilização de um enxerto ósseo de crista ilíaca. Há 10 meses, sofreu nova fratura óssea e, diante da presença da pseudoartrose em úmero esquerdo, a equipe de cirurgia plástica optou pela realização de retalho ósseo vascularizado de fíbula.
Procedures for the GMP-Compliant Production and Quality Control of [18F]PSMA-1007—A Next Generation Radiofluorinated Tracer for the Detection of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Cardinale Jens , Martin René , Remde Yvonne , Schäfer Martin , Hienzsch Antje , Hübner Sandra , Zerges Anna-Maria , Marx Heike , Hesse Ronny , Weber Klaus , Smits Rene , Hoepping Alexander , Müller Marco , Neels Oliver C. , Kopka Klaus
Published: August 2017

Radiolabelled tracers targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) have become important radiopharmaceuticals for the PET-imaging of prostate cancer. In this connection we recently developed the fluorine-18 labelled PSMA-ligand [18F]PSMA-1007 as next generation radiofluorinated Glu-ureido PSMA inhibitor after [18F]DCFPyL and [18F]DCFBC. Since radiosynthesis so far was suffering for rather poor yields novel procedures for the automated radiosyntheses of [18F]PSMA-1007 have been developed. We herein report on both the two-step and the novel one-step procedures, which have been performed on different commonly used radiosynthesisers. Using the novel one-step procedure the [18F]PSMA-1007 was produced in good radiochemical yields ranging from 30-70 % and synthesis times less than 55 minutes. Furthermore, upscaling to product activities up to 50 GBq per batch was successfully conducted. All batches passed quality control according to European Pharmacopoeia standards. Therefore, we were able to disclose a new, simple and at the same time high yielding production pathway for the next generation PSMA radioligand [18F]PSMA-1007. Actually it turned out that the radiosynthesis is as easily realised as the well-known [18F]FDG synthesis and thus transferable onto all currently available radiosynthesisers. Using the new procedures, clinical daily routine can be sustainably supported in-house even in larger hospitals by a single production batch.
Generalized Storage-yield-reliability Relationships for Sizing and Assessing Shopping Centre Rainwater Harvesting Systems in South Africa
Authors: Ndiritu John , Mondli Guliwe , Yashiren Moodley
Published: August 2017

The objective of this study was to develop guidelines for rainwater harvesting system sizing of shopping centres in South Africa. Three generalized dimensionless relationships relating rainwater supply and demand to tank size, yield and reliability were developed based on 101 years long daily time step simulations of rainwater harvesting of 19 shopping centres located in four regions. Daily rainfalls were obtained from nearby rainfall stations and daily non-potable demands were based on the size of the retail area. The simulations revealed within-year storage behaviour with considerable variation of the yield specified as the number of days for which demand was met each year. The Weibull plotting position formula was applied on the time series of yields to obtain yield-reliability relationships. Simulation results of the hydrologically optimum systems were used to develop two of the generalized relationships and an additional one based on the dependence of the slope of the reliability – yield plots on the optimum yield was formulated to enable analysis of hydrologically non-optimal systems. Most of the relationships fitted best to the non-linear power law form with high correlation coefficients averaging 0.92 and ranging from 0.82 to 1.00. The application of the models for tank sizing and assessing system performance is demonstrated.
4SM Method Tested in the Gulf of California Suggests Field Data are Not Needed to Derive Satellite Bathymetry
Authors: Favoretto Fabio , Morel Yann , Waddington Andrew , Lopez-Calderon Jorge , Cadena-Roa Marco , Blanco-Jarvio Anidia
Published: August 2017

Satellite derived bathymetry methods over coastal areas were born to deliver basic and useful information like bathymetry. However, the process is not straightforward, the main limitation being the need of field data. The Self-calibrated Spectral Supervised Shallow-water Modeler (4SM) method was tested to obtain coastal bathymetry without the use of any field data. Using LANDSAT-8 multispectral images from 2013 to 2016, a bathymetric time series was produced. Groundtruthed depths and an alternative method, Stumpf’s Band Ratio Algorithm, were used to verify the results. Retrieved (4SM) vs groundtruthed depths scored an average r2 (0.90), and a low error (RMSE = 1.47 m). Also 4SM showed, over the whole time series, the same average accuracy of the control method (40%). Advantages, limitations and operability under complex atmosphere and water column conditions, and high and low-albedo bottom processing capabilities of 4SM are discussed. In conclusion, the findings suggest that 4SM is equally accurate as the commonly used Stumpf’s method, the only difference being the independence of 4SM to previous field data, and the potential to deliver bottom spectral characteristics for further modelling. 4SM represents a significative advance in coastal remote sensing potential to obtain bathymetry and optical properties of the marine bottom.
Modeling of the Stepping Process of Negative Lightning Stepped Leaders
Authors: Cooray Vernon , Arevalo Liliana
Published: August 2017

A physical model based on the mechanism observed in experimental investigations is introduced to describe the formation of negative leader steps. Starting with a small length of a space leader located at the periphery of the negative streamer system of the stepped leader the model simulates the growth and the subsequent formation of the leader step. Based on the model, the average step length, the average step forming time and the average stepped leader propagation speed is estimated as a function of prospective return stroke peak current. The results show that the average step length and the average leader speed increases with increasing prospective return stroke current. The results also show that the speed of the stepped leader increases as it approaches the ground. For a 30 kA prospective return stroke current the average leader speed obtained is about 5 x 105 m/s and the average step length was about 10 m. The results obtained are in reasonable agreement with the experimental observations. 
Special Issue on Real World Robot Challenge in Tsukuba – Autonomous Technology for Coexistence with Human Beings –
Authors: Takita Yoshihiro , Yuta Shin’ichi , Tsubouchi Takashi , Ozaki Koichi
Published: August 2017

In this fourth of the “Special Issues on Real World Robot Challenge in Tsukuba,” we feature the control technology of autonomous robots. There is no guarantee that it will operate perfectly in a real-world environment even with the method already revealed. Participating robots in Tsukuba Challenge are required to carry out the assigned tasks under the prevailing weather conditions on the day of the events. Robots avoid oncoming pedestrians and obstacles in their path. In order to share the novel technology of the autonomous control method, this special issue presents a summary of the results of robots that participated in past Tsukuba Challenges.

It is only thanks to the ongoing efforts of the organizers of Tsukuba Challenge and the enthusiasm on the part of the participants that we are able to present an issue such as this, and we are truly thankful to them. We also wish to thank the authors who submitted papers and articles for this issue, as well as our reviewers.