bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Let Us Educate on Pornography: Young Education Students’ Representations of Pornography
Authors: Idoiaga-Mondragon Nahia , Eiguren Munitis Amaia , Ozamiz-Etxebarria Naiara , Alonso Saez Israel
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Although pornography has existed throughout human history, contemporary society finds itself immersed in a digital era that significantly facilitates its accessibility. This heightened ease of access particularly affects the perceptions and practices of sexuality among youngsters. In this context, the present study aimed to explore the representations of pornography among education students.

Methods

A total of 276 university students participated by completing a free association exercise based on the grid elaboration method (GEM).

Results

Future educators distance themselves from pornography, perceiving it as a medium that projects an unrealistic portrayal of reality. Moreover, participants also linked pornography to situations of violence, exploitation, and denigration of women. However, students also show a direct relationship with pornography, using it to both masturbate and learn about sex, particularly in the case of men. Educational students also recognize the influence of pornography on their own sexual life and knowledge. Finally, they report that pornography produces mixed emotions such as pleasure, disgust, fear, and guilt.

Conclusions and Policy Implications

This study highlights the urgent need to equip future education professionals with the necessary tools for reflective engagement with pornography and its consumption, paving the way for a more thoughtful and informed approach to educating on this subject.
Preparation and characterization of chitosan/zeolite composites for Reactive Orange 122 dye removal from aqueous media: isotherm and kinetic studies
Authors: Şanlı Gökmen T. , Demirhan Elçin
Published: January 2024

The present study aimed to reduce environmental pollution by using a natural and cheap adsorbent for the removal of Reactive Orange 122, an anionic dye harmful to the environment, from wastewater in the textile industry. The zeolite mineral, abundant in Turkey, easily accessible, and cost-effective, was first utilized for this purpose. However, it was concluded that sufficient adsorption was not provided in the treatment of reactive dyes due to the structure of the natural zeolite mineral. Therefore, to increase the adsorption efficiency of zeolite minerals, published techniques were utilized to modify it with chitosan, and chitosan/zeolite composite was prepared. The adsorbents were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The study also examined the influence of various parameters including pH, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption of RO122 dye. Furthermore, the adsorption equilibrium was analyzed by evaluating kinetic and isotherm models. In comparison to the pseudo first-order model, the pseudo-second-order model was determined to be the best-fitting model with a coefficient of determination of 0.999. The study also examined two isotherm models, namely Langmuir and Freundlich, to adjust the equilibrium data to achieve optimal alignment. The Freundlich model demonstrated superior efficacy as an adsorption isotherm compared to the Langmuir isotherm model, as evidenced by a coefficient of determination (R
2) of 0.9941.
Chalcogenide Ovonic Threshold Switching Selector
Authors: Zhao Zihao , Clima Sergiu , Garbin Daniele , Degraeve Robin , Pourtois Geoffrey , Song Zhitang , Zhu Min
Published: January 2024

Today’s explosion of data urgently requires memory technologies capable of storing large volumes of data in shorter time frames, a feat unattainable with Flash or DRAM. Intel Optane, commonly referred to as three-dimensional phase change memory, stands out as one of the most promising candidates. The Optane with cross-point architecture is constructed through layering a storage element and a selector known as the ovonic threshold switch (OTS). The OTS device, which employs chalcogenide film, has thereby gathered increased attention in recent years. In this paper, we begin by providing a brief introduction to the discovery process of the OTS phenomenon. Subsequently, we summarize the key electrical parameters of OTS devices and delve into recent explorations of OTS materials, which are categorized as Se-based, Te-based, and S-based material systems. Furthermore, we discuss various models for the OTS switching mechanism, including field-induced nucleation model, as well as several carrier injection models. Additionally, we review the progress and innovations in OTS mechanism research. Finally, we highlight the successful application of OTS devices in three-dimensional high-density memory and offer insights into their promising performance and extensive prospects in emerging applications, such as self-selecting memory and neuromorphic computing.
Particulate Filters for Combustion Engines to Mitigate Global Warming. Estimating the Effects of a Highly Efficient but Underutilized Tool
Authors: Mayer Andreas C.R. , Mayer Joerg , Wyser Max , Legerer Fritz , Czerwinski Jan , Lutz Thomas W. , Johnson Timothy V. , Jacobson Mark Z.
Published: January 2024

Particulate filters are state-of-the-art and are used in internal combustion engines worldwide to eliminate carcinogenic nanoparticles. Health studies estimate that this prevents about one million premature deaths annually. What is less known and often neglected is their equally powerful effect on mitigating global warming. This is because these ultrafine particles form stable aerosols in the atmosphere, absorb sunlight, and heat the atmosphere due to their jet-black color. In addition, once deposited on the ground, they reduce albedo especially when deposited on ice or snow. They also thin clouds and reduce their reflectivity. In this paper, we estimate for the first time the cumulative effect of more than 300 million particulate filters currently installed globally on vehicles, showing that, while they reduce ~ 0.5 Mt of soot per year, their effect on slowing global warming is equivalent to reducing 1 Bt of CO2 per year or about one-third of the CO2 emissions of all European Union Member States combined. Despite its strong potential, this highly efficient, proven, and low-cost technology is not yet regarded as a priority in curbing global warming, even though it is possibly the easiest and quickest to implement. If used in retrofitting more diesel and petrol engines worldwide, it could triple the aforementioned effect. While modern internal combustion engines are on track to be replaced with zero-emission vehicles, it is also crucial, and we strongly suggest that, in the interim, all remaining internal fossil fuel combusting engines be fitted with particulate filters. Evidence is presented in this paper that the potential benefits of such retrofit on climate and human health will be impactful and lasting.
swCUDA: Auto parallel code translation framework from CUDA to ATHREAD for new generation sunway supercomputer
Authors: Yu Maoxue , Ma Guanghao , Wang Zhuoya , Tang Shuai , Chen Yuhu , Wang Yucheng , Liu Yuanyuan , Jia Dongning , Wei Zhiqiang
Published: January 2024

Since specific hardware characteristics and low-level programming model are adapted to both NVIDIA GPU and new generation Sunway architecture, automatically translating mature CUDA kernels to Sunway ATHREAD kernels are realistic but challenging work. To address this issue, swCUDA, an auto parallel code translation framework is proposed. To that end, we create scale affine translation to transform CUDA thread hierarchy to Sunway index, directive based memory hierarchy and data redirection optimization to assign optimal memory usage and data stride strategy, directive based grouping-calculation-asynchronous-reduction (GCAR) algorithm to provide general solution for random access issue. swCUDA utilizes code generator ANTLR as compiler frontend to parse CUDA kernel and integrate novel algorithms in the node of abstracted syntax tree (AST) depending on directives. Automatically translation is performed on the entire Polybench suite and NBody simulation benchmark. We get an average 40x speedup compared with baseline on the Sunway architecture, average speedup of 15x compared to x86 CPU and average 27 percentage higher than NVIDIA GPU. Further, swCUDA is implemented to translate major kernels of the real world application Gromacs. The translated version achieves up to 17x speedup.
On uniqueness and dilatational waves in a porous Cosserat thermoelastic body
Authors: Marin Marin , Vlase Sorin , Neagu Denisa , Dominte Lucian
Published: January 2024

In this paper first we formulate the mixed problem with initial and boundary values in the context of the porous Cosserat thermoelastic bodies micropolar material with voids. WE have included among the independent constitutive variables the derivative with respect to time of the voids (pores) function. Under the conditions in which we imposed average restrictions on the functions used, we formulated and demonstrated the uniqueness of the solution to the mentioned mixed problem and we did a short analysis on the dilatational waves in this kind of media.
Enough
Authors: Eckert Linda
Published: January 2024

Cervical cancer kills almost 350,000 women each year. What's more horrifying, is that millions have died of this disease that's nearly 100% preventable. It's no secret that healthcare is full of inequities, with a severe lack of accessible screening programs. But women's health care is also impeded by cultural, gender, and political barriers, issues that have combined to create devastating consequences. A leading expert in cervical cancer prevention, Dr Linda Eckert takes her years of experience and weaves it together with the voices of the courageous women who use their own experience of cervical cancer to advocate for change. This heart-breaking, yet hopeful, book takes you through the world of cervical cancer with evidence-based information, personal stories and actionable outcomes. Society flourishes when women have access to safe and affordable healthcare. Together we can make this need a reality and eliminate the world's most preventable cancer.
The Cambridge Anthology of British Medieval Latin
Authors: Conybeare Catherine
Published: January 2024

This anthology presents in two volumes a series of Latin texts (with English translation) produced in Britain during the period AD 450–1500. Excerpts are taken from Bede and other historians, from the letters of women written from their monasteries, from famous documents such as Domesday Book and Magna Carta, and from accounts and legal documents, all revealing the lives of individuals at home and on their travels across Britain and beyond. It offers an insight into Latin writings on many subjects, showing the important role of Latin in the multilingual society of medieval Britain, in which Latin was the primary language of written communication and record and also developed, particularly after the Norman Conquest, through mutual influence with English and French. The thorough introductions to each volume provide a broad overview of the linguistic and cultural background, while the individual texts are placed in their social, historical and linguistic context.
A Boston Schooner in the Royal Navy, 1768-1772
Authors: Reid Phillip
Published: January 2024

Uses rare surviving records, including fully intact logbooks, to situate the customs-enforcement interceptor Sultana within the wider picture of the British Atlantic in this crucial period.
Yorùbá Music in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Omojola Bode
Published: January 2024

Drawing on extensive field research conducted over the course of two decades, Bode Omojola examines traditional and contemporary Yorùbá genres of music.
Perspectives of the Court of the Astana International Financial Centre: Potential to Transform the Central Asian Legal Landscape
Authors: Kenzhaliyev Madi
Published: January 2024

The rise and proliferation of International Commercial Courts has become a perceptible trend across the European and Asian continents over the past two decades. One such dispute resolution hub exists within the Astana International Financial Centre, a special jurisdiction within the Republic of Kazakhstan that operates on the basis of common law principles. The Astana International Financial Centre and its Court were modelled on the international financial centres of Dubai and Qatar; however, there are substantial differences between the legal systems of the Gulf States and that of the Republic of Kazakhstan. As a result, the creation of a new court has led to considerable criticism within the local legal community, raising serious doubts as to whether the Kazakh state should be maintaining and financing a ‘caviar-court’ instead of using resources to reform and develop the national judicial system. Nevertheless, despite the scepticism surrounding the financial centre, there is potential for the Astana International Financial Centre and its Court to become a regional dispute resolution hub for post-Soviet countries and the Central Asian region, following the example of Singapore and Dubai.
Epistemic Value as Attributive Goodness?
Authors: Vollmer Michael
Published: January 2024

According to insulationism, a common take on epistemic value, being of epistemic value does not entail being of value simpliciter. In this paper, I explore one version of insulationism which has so far received little attention in the literature. On this view, epistemic value does not entail value simpliciter because it is a form of attributive goodness, that is, being good as a member of a particular kind. While having a significant advantage over some other formulations of insulationism, I argue that the attributive goodness view of epistemic value should be rejected. On the one hand, shifting to a discussion of attributive goodness comes with several contentious commitments, as well as implausible upshots for epistemic axiology. On the other hand, I demonstrate that one can strengthen other forms of insulationism in such a way that the supposed advantage of the attributive goodness view diminishes.
From Railways to Aircraft: Officine Meccaniche Reggiane’s Successful Product Transition in the 1930s
Authors: Fauri Francesca
Published: January 2024

In 1936 Gianni Caproni, one of the biggest aircraft producers in Italy, bought one of the biggest engineering companies in Emilia Romagna, the Officine Meccaniche Reggiane, and started manufacturing and exporting some of the topmost fighters ever produced in Italy. Based on different archival sources this paper would like to shed light on why, despite a national technological obsolescence in the field a company, which focused on the production of railway material, was able to come up with the most technologically innovative fighters (the Re. 2000 and successive models) which soon conquered the Italian and foreign markets. The author would like to indicate the original characteristics which help explain its primacy: the unique features of the Reggiane, the role of the new owner, risk-taker and forward-looking entrepreneur Gianni Caproni and in particular the importance of the transmission of knowledge, which in those autarchic years and in this particular case was reached by attracting human capital from abroad. The general argumentation of the paper would like to show the importance of deeply excavating in the company’s history, managerial choices, risk-taking attitudes, and knowledge transfer in explaining an otherwise almost inexplicable international business success in a such a competitive sector. The approach is not purely descriptive: the paper analyses the facts and figures of the Officine Meccaniche Reggiane before and after the Caproni takeover, it evaluates the company’s innovative production strategy in the new field of aircraft production and offers new interpretations on its success story in this field.
Noise mitigation in rectangular jets through plasma actuator-based shear layer control
Authors: Lakshmi Narasimha Prasad Anirudh , Unnikrishnan S.
Published: January 2024

A computational analysis is performed to study the three-dimensional response of rectangular shear layers to plasma actuator-based control, in the context of sound mitigation of supersonic non-axisymmetric jets. A Mach$1.5$rectangular jet with an aspect ratio$2:1$is controlled using experimentally informed actuation patterns, referred to as M0, M1, M2, M3, M${\rm \pi}$and M+/$-$1. While the first five progressively increase the phase difference between successive actuators thus enhancing three-dimensionality of the shear layer structures, the latter corresponds to the flapping mode of the jet. A preliminary linear analysis identifies that the frequency,$St\sim 1$, has a relatively high overall amplification within the baseline shear layer, and is hence utilized for control in the subsequent nonlinear simulations. Each actuation reveals unique near-field vortical and acoustic responses that have a profound impact on far-field noise levels. The M0 actuation induces circumferentially interconnected strong streamwise vortices, while M1 actuation enhances the circumferential variability in the coherent structures. The M2 actuation encompasses both these effects, and along with a very low tonal impact of forcing, produces the most desirable far-field noise mitigation (${\sim }2.6\,{\rm dB}$), contributed by a broadband reduction around the column-mode peak of the baseline jet. Beyond M2 actuation, effectiveness of control saturates, particularly along the direction of peak noise radiation. Through a near-field analysis of the acoustic component, the efficacy of M2 actuation is attributed to the attenuation of the radiative efficiency of the jet, including reduced energy in the supersonic phase speeds, and redistribution of energy into the higher helical modes. Further, it curtails the nonlinear difference interactions in the plume that energize column-mode frequencies, which often appear as strong intermittent sound-producing events. While the shear layer turbulent kinetic energy decreases with actuation, the controlled jets show minimal variations in mean flow properties, particularly under M2 actuation, suggesting this to be a promising small-perturbation-based noise control strategy.
Single cavitation bubble dynamics in a stagnation flow
Authors: Mnich Dominik , Reuter Fabian , Denner Fabian , Ohl Claus-Dieter
Published: January 2024

Jetting of collapsing bubbles is a key aspect in cavitation-driven fluid–solid interactions as it shapes the bubble dynamics and additionally due to its direct interaction with the wall. We study experimentally and numerically the near-wall collapse and jetting of a single bubble seeded into the stagnation flow of a wall jet, i.e. a jet that impinges perpendicular onto a solid wall. High-speed imaging shows rich and rather distinct bubble dynamics for different wall jet flow velocities and bubble-to-wall stand-off distances. The simulations use a volume-of-fluid method that allows us to numerically determine the microscopic and transient pressures and shear stresses on the wall. It is shown that a wall jet at moderate flow velocities of a few metres per second already shapes the bubble ellipsoidally inducing a planar and convergent jet flow. The distinct bubble dynamics allow us to tailor the wall interaction. In particular, the shear stresses can be increased by orders of magnitude without increasing impact pressures the same way. Interestingly, at small seeding stand-offs, the bubble during the final collapse stage can lift off the wall and migrate against the flow direction of the wall jet such that the violent collapse occurs away from the wall.
Pressure drag reduction via imposition of spanwise wall oscillations on a rough wall
Authors: Deshpande Rahul , Kidanemariam Aman G. , Marusic Ivan
Published: January 2024

The present study tests the efficacy of the well-known viscous drag reduction strategy of imposing spanwise wall oscillations to reduce pressure drag contributions in transitional and fully rough turbulent wall flow. This is achieved by conducting a series of direct numerical simulations of a turbulent flow over two-dimensional (spanwise-aligned) semi-cylindrical rods, placed periodically along the streamwise direction with varying streamwise spacing. Surface oscillations, imposed at fixed viscous-scaled actuation parameters optimum for smooth wall drag reduction, are found to yield substantial drag reduction (

$\gtrsim$

25 %) for all the rough wall cases, maintained at matched roughness Reynolds numbers. While the total drag reduction is due to a drop in both viscous and pressure drag in the case of transitionally rough flow (i.e. with large inter-rod spacing), it is associated solely with pressure drag reduction for the fully rough cases (i.e. with small inter-rod spacing), with the latter being reported for the first time. The study finds that pressure drag reduction in all cases is caused by the attenuation of the vortex shedding activity in the roughness wake, in response to wall oscillation frequencies that are of the same order as the vortex shedding frequencies. Contrary to speculations in the literature, this study confirms that the mechanism behind pressure drag reduction, achieved via imposition of spanwise oscillations, is independent of the viscous drag reduction. This mechanism is responsible for weakening of the Reynolds stresses and increase in base pressure in the roughness wake, explaining the pressure drag reduction observed by past studies, across varying roughness heights and geometries.
Stochastic modelling of the instantaneous velocity profile in rough-wall turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Ehsani Roozbeh , Heisel Michael , Li Jiaqi , Voller Vaughan , Hong Jiarong , Guala Michele
Published: January 2024

The statistical properties of uniform momentum zones (UMZs) are extracted from laboratory and field measurements in rough wall turbulent boundary layers to formulate a set of stochastic models for the simulation of instantaneous velocity profiles. A spatiotemporally resolved velocity dataset, covering a field of view of

$8 \times 9\,{\rm m}^2$

, was obtained in the atmospheric surface layer using super-large-scale particle image velocimetry (SLPIV), as part of the Grand-scale Atmospheric Imaging Apparatus (GAIA). Wind tunnel data from a previous study are included for comparison (Heisel et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 887, 2020, R1). The probability density function of UMZ attributes such as their thickness, modal velocity and averaged vertical velocity are built at varying elevations and modelled using log-normal and Gaussian distributions. Inverse transform sampling of the distributions is used to generate synthetic step-like velocity profiles that are spatially and temporally uncorrelated. Results show that in the wide range of wall-normal distances and

$Re_\tau$

up to

$\sim O(10^6)$

investigated here, shear velocity scaling is manifested in the velocity jump across shear interfaces between adjacent UMZs, and attached eddy behaviour is observed in the linear proportionality between UMZ thickness and their wall normal location. These very same characteristics are recovered in the generated instantaneous profiles, using both fully stochastic and data-driven hybrid stochastic (DHS) models, which address, in different ways, the coupling between modal velocities and UMZ thickness. Our method provides a stochastic approach for generating an ensemble of instantaneous velocity profiles, consistent with the structural organisation of UMZs, where the ensemble reproduces the logarithmic mean velocity profile and recovers significant portions of the Reynolds stresses and, thus, of the streamwise and vertical velocity variability.
The Suffering Subject: Colonial Flogging in Northern Nigeria and a Humanitarian Public, 1904–1933
Authors: Pierce Steven
Published: January 2024

Shortly after the start of colonial rule in Northern Nigeria, a series of scandals over flogging brought international attention. A network of newspapers reported on flogging cases, particularly those involving women and educated, often Christian, Africans from outside the north. International attention focused on these cases as humanitarian outrages. The Nigerian administration and the Colonial Office deflected the scandals through a shifting series of strategies: justifying flogging as appropriate and humane, attempting to ensure floggings were only administered by Africans, carefully regulating the practices of flogging, and investigating cases of flogging to exculpate the officials responsible. These scandals led to a reform of the criminal justice system in 1933, but had long-lasting effects. They entrenched the trope of whipped bodies as a particularly “African” outrage. They helped to institutionalize the notion that particular judicial and governmental techniques were culturally specific. They politicized key markers of personal identity.
“And I Believe in Signs”: Soviet Secularity and Islamic Tradition in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Boron Usmon
Published: January 2024

In Central Asia, the Soviet state had destroyed most Islamic institutions by the late 1930s, which gradually alienated millions of Soviet Muslims from the basics of Islamic theology and key Islamic practices of virtue cultivation, including the five daily prayers (namaz), Islamic ethics of dressing (like covering certain parts of the body), and certain lifestyle prescriptions (such as the avoidance of alcohol, gambling, and premarital sex). As a result, mainstream Islam in Central Asia came to revolve around the main Islamic life-cycle rites (i.e., male circumcision, the marriage ceremony, and funeral prayer) and occasional practices of uttering blessings, reciting short Qur’anic verses for the souls of the deceased, and visiting shrines, among others. Although more than thirty years have passed since the fall of the USSR, this non-observant form of Islam remains widespread in the region. Inquiring into the conceptual and affective aspects of Soviet forced secularization in Central Asia, I make two interrelated interventions into secularism studies and the anthropology of Islam. First, I theorize Soviet secularism through attending to the modern state’s aspiration to transcend and transform the particularities of lived traditions, which reveals significant overlaps between communist and liberal modes of statecraft and subject formation. Second, reflecting on a non-observant form of Islam in contemporary Kyrgyzstan, I ask: what remains of a tradition of virtue ethics when its modes of abstract reasoning and virtue cultivation have all but vanished?
A Country of White Lilies: Inter-Imperial Nation-Making and Development from the Russian Empire’s Periphery to Post-Ottoman Turkey
Authors: Bavbek N. Yasemin , Korhonen Juho Topias
Published: January 2024

In this article, we investigate the reasons behind the puzzling enthusiastic reception of a book about Finland’s national development by Turkish nationalist intellectuals in the early Republic of Turkey. Published in Turkish in 1928, the developmental model laid out in Petrov’s The Country of White Lilies resonated with the Turkish intelligentsia and has remained a popular book in Turkey throughout the twentieth century, and even today. First, we compare the fictionalized developmental model presented by Petrov in his book with Finnish development under the Russian Empire, before its independence in 1917. Second, we show that this reception was largely based on a comparison of Turkey and Finland’s geopolitical positions in global imperial politics, and a constructed racial affinity between the two nations in the minds of Turkish readers. Third, we argue that this national developmental model served three ideological purposes; distancing the Turkish Republic from the Ottoman Empire, showing the developmental capacity of nations outside the linear and paternalistic developmental model proposed by Western European empires, and last, presenting a model that glosses over Ottoman-Turkish state violence and ethnic cleansing, as well as democratic processes, as irrelevant to considerations of progress and development. Finally, we discuss the implications of our study for re-evaluating the sociological literature on nation formation, largely taking its “model cases” (Krause 2021) from the Western European experience, through a more encompassing inter-imperial approach (Doyle 2014).
On traces of Bochner representable operators on the space of bounded measurable functions
Authors: Nowak Marian , Stochmal Juliusz
Published: January 2024

Let Σ be a σ-algebra of subsets of a set Ω and $B(\Sigma)$ be the Banach space of all bounded Σ-measurable scalar functions on Ω. Let $\tau(B(\Sigma),ca(\Sigma))$ denote the natural Mackey topology on $B(\Sigma)$. It is shown that a linear operator T from $B(\Sigma)$ to a Banach space E is Bochner representable if and only if T is a nuclear operator between the locally convex space $(B(\Sigma),\tau(B(\Sigma),ca(\Sigma)))$ and the Banach space E. We derive a formula for the trace of a Bochner representable operator $T:B({\cal B} o)\rightarrow B({\cal B} o)$ generated by a function $f\in L^1({\cal B} o, C(\Omega))$, where Ω is a compact Hausdorff space.
Infinitesimally Moebius bendable hypersurfaces
Authors: Jimenez M.I. , Tojeiro R.
Published: January 2024

Li, Ma and Wang have provided in [13] a partial classification of the so-called Moebius deformable hypersurfaces, that is, the umbilic-free Euclidean hypersurfaces $f\colon M^n\to \mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ that admit non-trivial deformations preserving the Moebius metric. For $n\geq 5$, the classification was completed by the authors in [12]. In this article we obtain an infinitesimal version of that classification. Namely, we introduce the notion of an infinitesimal Moebius variation of an umbilic-free immersion $f\colon M^n\to \mathbb{R}^m$ into Euclidean space as a one-parameter family of immersions $f_t\colon M^n\to \mathbb{R}^m$, with $t\in (-\epsilon, \epsilon)$ and $f_0=f$, such that the Moebius metrics determined by ft coincide up to the first order. Then we characterize isometric immersions $f\colon M^n\to \mathbb{R}^m$ of arbitrary codimension that admit a non-trivial infinitesimal Moebius variation among those that admit a non-trivial conformal infinitesimal variation, and use such characterization to classify the umbilic-free Euclidean hypersurfaces of dimension $n\geq 5$ that admit non-trivial infinitesimal Moebius variations.
Commutants and complex symmetry of finite Blaschke product multiplication operator in
Authors: Chattopadhyay Arup , Das Soma
Published: January 2024

Consider the multiplication operator MB in $L^2(\mathbb{T})$, where the symbol B is a finite Blaschke product. In this article, we characterize the commutant of MB in $L^2(\mathbb{T})$. As an application of this characterization result, we explicitly determine the class of conjugations commuting with $M_{z^2}$ or making $M_{z^2}$ complex symmetric by introducing a new class of conjugations in $L^2(\mathbb{T})$. Moreover, we analyse their properties while keeping the whole Hardy space, model space and Beurling-type subspaces invariant. Furthermore, we extended our study concerning conjugations in the case of finite Blaschke products.
Χλωρός in the Septuagint: Color or State?
Authors: García Ureña Lourdes
Published: January 2024

The adjective χλωρός appears in the Septuagint to translate Hebrew terms that not only denote color, but state as well. In fact, in biblical Hebrew color is not a quality, but rather a “state” of the entities it describes. It is logical to wonder, then, whether it also expresses this in the Septuagint or if it denotes only color. To answer this question, it is necessary to carry out an interdisciplinary study of color and color language. The methodology followed will first study the concept of color in the Hellenistic world and in the Septuagint, as well as the cultural context in which the Septuagint translators lived. Subsequently, an approximate account of the “encyclopedic knowledge” that those translators possessed will be given, followed, finally, by a semantic analysis of χλωρός in the Septuagint. After applying this methodology, it will be shown that in the Septuagint, as in the Hellenistic world in general, natural color expresses both color and state, with color being the visual reflection of that state.
Jin, Jiyan, Azadi and the Historical Erasure of Kurds
Authors: Ghaderi Farangis
Published: January 2024

Following the murder of Jîna (Mahsa) Amini on September 16, 2022, her parents decided—despite the threats and intimidation by security forces—to hold a public funeral. Protests were ongoing outside Kasra Hospital in Tehran as word spread across the capital of Jîna's murder.1 The family transferred her body to their hometown of Saqez the next day. Hundreds of people traveled to the Ayçî cemetery within hours of the announcement of the public funeral on social media. There, they helped bury Jîna among Kurdish chants and songs. Kurdish women threw their scarves in the air and chanted Jin, Jiyan, Azadî (Woman, Life, Freedom), among other slogans. In addition to the initial print reports about Jîna's murder by journalists Niloofar Hamedi and Elaheh Mohammadi—both of whom remain imprisoned for their work— social media participated and propelled the protests. Photos, videos, and other types of testimony circulated online. The funeral, solidarity demonstrations in Kurdish cities, towns, and villages, and the observation of mass strikes in the following days captured the attention of Iranians all over the country.
Internal Colonialism in Iran: Gender and Resistance against the Islamic Regime
Authors: Eskandari Sarah
Published: January 2024

Appraising the roots of the Woman, Life, Freedom (Zan, Zendegi, Azadi) movement requires a different framework of power: internal colonialism. Mexican sociologist Pablo Gonzalez-Casanova argues that internal colonialism results when the direct domination of foreigners over natives disappears, and the domination and exploitation of natives by natives emerges.1 This process, I contend, has occurred in the Islamic Republic of Iran, where the forty-year rule of Iranian clerical elites has subjugated a dissenting populace, especially women. The repressive gender practices of the theocracy in Iran have over the course of the past year prompted a unique internal anticolonial protest.
Woman, Life, Freedom, and the Question of Multiculturalism in Iranian Studies
Authors: Hamidi Yalda N.
Published: January 2024

The vast uprisings across Iranian cities in the fall of 2022 caught many of Iranian studies scholars and academic feminists in the diaspora off guard. My first confrontation was with trauma. Like many others, I worried about the lives and safety of my loved ones, political dissidents and prisoners from different ethnic backgrounds, feminists and queer activists on the ground, and, of course, the millennials and Gen Z, who unexpectedly emerged as the new revolutionaries. However, with the first wave of emotional encounters settled, the uprising unlocked another level of cognitive puzzlement critical to my academic life. I struggled to find comprehensive theoretical frameworks and supporting scholarship within Iranian studies or Iranian academic feminism to help my media and scholarly audiences grasp what was unfolding. In this reflective piece, I discuss how the scholarship of Iranian studies and feminism/s formulated the question of gender in liberal and radical essentialist multiculturalism and argue that Woman, Life, Freedom (Zan, Zendegi, Azadi; WLF) urges us to adopt an antiracist and radical democratic approach, deconstructing the imagined Iran in the scholarship, and reconstructing it as a welcoming and inclusive discursive space for racialized and queer Iranians.
A machine that still doesn't quite understand us
Authors: Ankerstein Carrie A.
Published: January 2024

In a short, accessible book Linguistics: Why it Matters, Geoffrey Pullum, a leader in the field, offered an overview of what the study of linguistics is for the lay reader. In the penultimate chapter, titled ‘Machines that understand us’, Pullum (2018) set out to show what it would mean for computers to be able to use language like a human. He argued it would have to go beyond simple spoken or written word recognition and include processing of complex and novel structures. In this article, using ChatGPT, I revisit the tests that Pullum originally ran with Google and Microsoft Word, likewise for an audience curious about, but unfamiliar with, large language models.
Multistate nontyphoidal Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli outbreaks linked to international travel—United States, 2017–2020
Authors: Habrun Caroline A. , Birhane Meseret G. , François Watkins Louise K. , Benedict Katharine , Bottichio Lyndsay , Nemechek Kaylea , Tolar Beth , Schroeder Morgan N. , Chen Jessica C. , Caidi Hayat , Robyn Misha , Nichols Megin
Published: January 2024

Enteric bacterial infections are common among people who travel internationally. During 2017–2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention investigated 41 multistate outbreaks of nontyphoidal Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli linked to international travel. Resistance to one or more antimicrobial agents was detected in at least 10% of isolates in 16 of 30 (53%) nontyphoidal Salmonella outbreaks and 8 of 11 (73%) Shiga toxin-producing E. coli outbreaks evaluated by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. At least 10% of the isolates in 14 nontyphoidal Salmonella outbreaks conferred resistance to one or more of the clinically significant antimicrobials used in human medicine. This report describes the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of these travel-associated multistate outbreaks. Investigating illnesses among returned travellers and collaboration with international partners could result in the implementation of public health interventions to improve hygiene practices and food safety standards and to prevent illness and spread of multidrug-resistant organisms domestically and internationally.
Factors Associated with the Number of Injured and Fatalities in Motor Vehicle Intentional Mass-Casualty Incidents: A Timely Aid for Scaling the Emergency Response
Authors: Valiño Eva Maria , Castro-Delgado Rafael , Sola Muñoz Silvia , Lynam Barry , Castro Pedro
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Intentional mass-casualty incidents (IMCIs) involving motor vehicles (MVs) as weapons represent a growing trend in Western countries. This method has resulted in the highest casualty rates per incident within the field of IMCIs. Consequently, there is an urgent requirement for a timely and accurate casualty estimation in MV-induced IMCIs to scale and adjust the necessary health care resources.

Study Objective:

The objective of this study is to identify the factors associated with the number of casualties during the initial phase of MV-IMCIs.

Methods:

This is a retrospective, observational, analytical study on MV-IMCIs world-wide, from 2000-2021. Data were obtained from three different sources: Targeted Automobile Ramming Mass-Casualty Attacks (TARMAC) Attack Database, Global Terrorism Database (GTD), and the vehicle-ramming attack page from the Wikipedia website. Jacobs’ formula was used to estimate the population density in the vehicle’s route. The primary outcome variables were the total number of casualties (injured and fatalities). Associations between variables were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient and simple linear regression.

Results:

Forty-six MV-IMCIs resulted in 1,636 casualties (1,430 injured and 206 fatalities), most of them caused by cars. The most frequent driving pattern was accelerating whilst approaching the target, with an average speed range between four to 130km/h and a distance traveled between ten to 2,260 meters. The people estimated in the MV-IMCI scenes ranged from 36-245,717. A significant positive association was found of the number affected with the estimated crowd in the scene (R2: 0.64; 95% CI, 0.61-0.67; P <.001) and the average vehicle speed (R2: 0.42; 95% CI, 0.40-0.44; P = .004).

Conclusion:

The estimated number of people in the affected area and vehicle’s average speed are the most significant variables associated with the number of casualties in MV-IMCIs, helping to enable a timely estimation of the casualties.
Monitoring and management of common property resources: empirical evidence from forest user groups in Ethiopia
Authors: Kahsay Goytom Abraha , Bulte Erwin
Published: January 2024

The presence of monitoring institutions affects quality and effort of leaders. We investigate the effect of intensified monitoring on the ability and effort of leaders for a sample of forest user groups in Ethiopia, and find experimental and non-experimental evidence of an important trade-off: monitoring increases leaders' effort but lowers their quality in terms of education and experience. This effort–ability trade-off only occurs in the presence of alternative income opportunities (affecting the opportunity cost of time) and only among a subsample of leaders with low prosocial motivation. For our context, we document that the net effect of monitoring on economic outcomes is positive.
International Perception and Local Pride in Smart City Development: The Case of Hong Kong
Authors: Lai Calvin Ming Tsun , Cole Alistair
Published: January 2024

Local citizens’ perceptions of their own cities are often neglected when assessing cities’ performance. Using the perceived international image and collective pride in Hong Kong as the entry point, this article aims to discover the relationship between citizens’ trust in public authorities and urban technologies. Four angles of investigation are developed: the impact of cities’ promotion of their international image on local pride; the attitudinal and demographic characteristics of proud citizens; the linkage of local pride with public trust, and digital trust. This article uses data from a Hong Kong-based territory-wide survey in 2021 to conduct the analysis. The result suggests that public trust is an elemental factor having a positive relationship with collective pride and digital trust in Hong Kong. This article also identifies the group of citizens with the least pride. Regaining the citizen's trust is the best remedy for facilitating smart city development.
Die Entwicklung der Kinästhetikkompetenz in der stationären Akutpflege
Authors: Burkhalter Hanna , Zimmermann Hubert
Published: January 2024

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Die meisten Patient_innen erleben in Akutspitälern aufgrund eines operativen Eingriffs oder einer Verschlechterung des Allgemeinzustands Bewegungseinschränkungen. Von Pflegefachpersonen wird die Kompetenz, „Bewegung förderlich zu unterstützen“, erwartet. Ziel: Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Evaluation der Machbarkeit eines dreitägigen Kinästhetik- Aufbaukurses mit anschließender sechsmonatiger Praxisbegleitung zur Förderung der Kinästhetikkompetenz in der stationären Akutpflege und der hierdurch erreichten Kompetenzentwicklung. Methoden: Die Evaluation der Kinästhetikkompetenz erfolgte mittels einer Selbsteinschätzung (Fragebogen) und einer Fremdeinschätzung (Beobachtungsprotokoll) zu zwei Zeitpunkten (vor und nach der Intervention). Die Evaluation der Machbarkeit erfolgte durch einen semistrukturierten Fragebogen nach Abschluss der Praxisbegleitung. Ergebnisse: Acht Pflegende schätzten ihre Kinästhetikkompetenz vor der Intervention als gut ein (Mittelwert: 10,8 auf einer Skala von 4–16) und nach der Intervention als sehr gut (Mittelwert: 13,2). Die Fremdeinschätzung der Kinästhetikkompetenz durch den Kinästhetiktrainer (KT3) ergab anfänglich ein Genügend (Mittelwert 9,4) auf einer Skala von 4–16) und nach der Praxisbegleitung ein Sehr gut (Mittelwert: 14,5). Die qualitativen Daten zeigen, dass die Praxisbegleitung noch flexibler gestaltet werden müsste. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass einen dreitägigen Aufbaukurs mit anschließender Praxisbegleitung die Kinästhetikkompetenz der Pflegenden weiterentwickelt hat.
Two Laterally Distant TGFs From Negative Cloud‐To‐Ground Strokes in Uchinada, Japan
Authors: Ortberg John , Smith David M. , Kamogawa Masashi , Dwyer Joseph , Bowers Gregory , Chaffin Jeffrey , Lapierre Jeff , Wang Daohong , Wu Ting , Suzuki Tomoyuki
Published: January 2024

We observed two Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes (TGFs) in Uchinada, Japan associated with negative cloud‐to‐ground lightning strokes exactly 1 year apart on 18 December 2020 and 2021. The events were remarkable for their lateral distance from the associated strokes—each about 5 km away from the detector site. Not only was that lateral distance remarkable on its own for a ground based detection, but the low‐altitude profile of winter thunderstorms in Japan would suggest the detections occurred at unprecedented nadir angles—73.3° off axis for the 2020 event with the standard assumption of a vertically oriented TGF. Unsurprisingly, Monte Carlo simulations of the straightforward interpretation of these events yield fluences 2 orders of magnitude lower than observed data. We investigate a variety of ways to attempt to resolve the contradiction between expected and observed behavior.
Evolution of a Surge Cycle of the Bering‐Bagley Glacier System From Observations and Numerical Modeling
Authors: Trantow Thomas , Herzfeld Ute C.
Published: January 2024

The Bering‐Bagley Glacier System (BBGS), Alaska, Earth's largest temperate surging glacier, surged in 2008–2013. We use numerical modeling and satellite observations to investigate how surging in a large and complex glacier system differs from surging in smaller glaciers for which our current understanding of the surge phenomenon is based. With numerical simulations of a long quiescent phase and a short surge phase in the BBGS, we show that surging is more spatiotemporally complex in larger glaciers with multiple reservoir areas forming during quiescence which interact in a cascading manner when ice accelerates during the surge phase. For each phase, we analyze the simulated elevation‐change and ice‐velocity pattern, infer information on the evolving basal drainage system through hydropotential analysis, and supplement these findings with observational data such as CryoSat‐2 digital elevation maps. During the quiescent simulation, water drainage paths become increasingly lateral and hydropotential wells form indicating an expanding storage capacity of subglacial water. These results are attributed to local bedrock topography characterized by large subglacial ridges that dam the down‐glacier flow of ice and water. In the surge simulation, we model surge evolution through Bering Glacier's trunk by imposing a basal friction representation that mimics a propagating surge wave. As the surge progresses, drainage efficiency further degrades in the active surging‐zone from its already inefficient, end‐of‐quiescence state. Results from this study improve our knowledge of surging in large and complex systems which generalizes to glacial accelerations observed in outlet glaciers of Greenland, thus reducing uncertainty in modeling sea‐level rise.