bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Religious Education in the Formation of the Preacher's Personality
Authors: Al-Yabroodi Insherah Ahmad , Al-Omari Raeqa Ali
Published: December 2022

Objectives: The study aimed to clarify the role of Education of Belief in building the goals of the preacher, his motives, developing his morals, and shaping his characteristics.

Methods: the study followed the qualitative analytical approach to answer the study questions.

Results: The study concluded the following results: The education of belief has a role:

- In building the preacher's final goals in the light of the unification of divinity, and the goals of succession in the light of the unification of divinity.

- In developing the motives of desire and awe, the motive of belonging, loyalty and disavowal, and the motive of love.

- In developing the preacher’s balanced morals in the light of belief in the names and attributes of God, and the Last Day.

- In shaping the characteristics of the preacher, by defining his identity, strength, high energy and effectiveness.

Conclusion: the study recommends a set of recommendations: Conducting more research and in-depth studies in every article of the education of belief in terms of its role in building the goals of the preacher, the need for advocacy educational institutions to undertake to develop the motives of preachers in the light of faith education Holding conferences and seminars for specialists in the field of advocacy to study the role of the education of belief in shaping the characteristics of a preacher and its impact on facing the challenges of the age.
The Role of Demographic Variables in Traditional and Cyber Bullying in Jordanian Schools
Authors: Ameera Doaa , Elashi Fadwa
Published: December 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to examine how bullying and cyberbullying may differ based on three demographic variables: Ethnicity, Grade Level, and Gender in Jordanian Schools.

Methods: Bully-Victim and Cyberbullying measures were distributed to a sample consisted of Jordanian, Palestinian, Syrian students from third, fifth, seventh, and ninth grades, as well as students from other ethnicities.

Results: Results showed that male fifth and seventh graders were bullied the most, and students from other ethnicities were victimized the most. They also showed that male students and fifth graders (from both genders) cyberbullied the most. Also, seventh graders have been cyber victimized the most.

Conclusions: This study sought attention to some variables of which their effects on bullying weren’t examined in the Arab region before, i.e., ethnicity and grade level. These results would play a big role in planning and executing intervention programs to prevent such behavior among the groups that were studied in this research.
The Level of Professional and Personal Competencies and their Relationship to Job Satisfaction among Teachers of Students with Hearing Disabilities in the Light of some Variables
Authors: Al-Jdoua Islam , Al Khumra Hatem
Published: December 2022

Objectives: The current study aimed at the level of professional and personal competencies and their relationship to job satisfaction among teachers of students with hearing disabilities in the light of some variables.

Methods: The descriptive analytical approach was used through a sample of (80) male and female teachers. This is done by describing the socio-demographic characteristics of teachers of students with hearing disabilities and identifying the difficulties they face while dealing with this category.Additionally, the job satisfaction scale and the professional and personal competencies scale were used.

Results: After conducting the statistical analysis process, the study concluded that there is a direct and statistically significant correlation between job satisfaction and professional and personal competencies among teachers of students with hearing disabilities, and there are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0,05>α) between job satisfaction It is due to the variables of gender, age and experience, and there are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0,05>α) for professional and personal competencies due to the variables of gender, age and experience.

Conclusions: The study recommended the need for the competent authorities to develop programs for people with hearing disabilities to develop their skills and provide them with the required social interaction, and the need to train parents of children with hearing disabilities, and encourage them to train their children with hearing disabilities at home.
Proposed Procedures for Developing Managerial Performance of the Faculties of Al-Azhar University in The Light of Strategic Flexibility Approach
Authors: Hewehy Mohamed Ahmed Gharib Alsaid
Published: December 2022

Objectives: The study aimed to present proposed procedures for developing the managerial performance of Al-Azhar University faculties in light of strategic flexibility approach (strategic sensitivity, clarity of vision, core capabilities, selection of strategic goals, joint responsibility, and responsiveness) by recognizing the degree of the importance of practicing its dimensions from the faculty members viewpoint, and calculating the statistically significant differences among the sample members about the degree of importance of their practice, attributed to the study variables (scientific degree - college nature - college headquarters or branch).

Methods: The study used the descriptive method, and a questionnaire consisting of (36) items, which was applied to a sample of (587) faculty members at the university to collect data.

Results: The study concluded with the agreement of the sample members on the importance of practicing the dimensions of strategic flexibility for the development of managerial performance at Al-Azhar University faculties with a degree of “very important” and with a mean of (4.44), there are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) attributed to the study variables (scientific degree- the college nature- The college headquarters or branch), and the study presented proposed procedures to develop the institutional performance at Al-Azhar University.

Conclusions: The study recommended the importance of adopting the proposed procedures to develop managerial performance through the application of the dimensions of strategic flexibility at Al-Azhar University and in other Egyptian universities, due to the similarity of structures and systems in these universities, and the importance of the university’s administrative, financial and academic independence so that it is able to adapt to various variables, and to attract qualified scientific and administrative staff.
Emotional Divorce and its Relationship with Psychological Stress among Married Nurses Working at Jordan University Hospital
Authors: Alkhawaldeh Mohammad , Alqatawneh Yahya
Published: December 2022

Objectives: The study aimed at dentifying the level of emotional divorce and its relationship with psychological stress among married nurses working at the University of Jordan Hospital.

Methods: The study adopted the descriptive-relational approach; for its suitability to the nature of the study and its research purposes. The study sample consisted of (64) nurses. Tow Scales of Emotional Divorce, psychological Stress was developed and their psychometric properties were functionally appropriate when they were extracted.

Results: The results showed that the level of emotional divorce, and the level of psychological stress for both were moderate. There was a positive correlation between emotional divorce and psychological stress. The results also showed that the level of emotional divorce and psychological stress did not differ based on gender, educational level and work experience. and finally, the results showed that the level of emotional divorce and psychological stress varies based on the duration of the marriage and in favor for category married couples who spent more than 10 years.

Conclusions: The study encouraged hospital managements and related authorities on the necessity of directing the attention to the nurse’s psychological aspect because of its impact on their performance, through counseling and training programs, and psychological support groups that help reduce and deal with psychological stress.
Social Adjustment and its Relationship to Team Cohesion among Team Games Players in Palestinian Universities
Authors: Nasief Ghaith Mahmood , Nassar Ahmad Farouq , Zkarneh Ismail Ahmad
Published: December 2022

Objectives: The study's objectives were to measure the degree of social adjustment and team cohesion among team game players in Palestinian universities, as well as the variations in these measures across the variables (university, game type, place of residence), and to determine the relationship between the degree of social adjustment and group cohesion among team game players in Palestine.

Methods: The descriptive-correlational approach was employed by the researchers. According to the declarations of the Palestinian University Sports Federation, the study was carried out on a sample of athletes competing on team sports teams at Palestinian universities, and it included (142) athletes who were deliberately selected, representing (33.52%) from (Khadouri University, An-Najah University, Istiqlal University, Arab American University).

Results: The study revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in social adjustment and team cohesion when the university, game type, and place of residence were taken into account, while the study's findings revealed that the level of social adjustment and team cohesion among team game players in Palestinian universities was medium and the level of team cohesion among team game players in Palestinian universities was high.

Conclusions: The players of team games in Palestinian universities experience good to medium levels of social adjustment as well as high levels of team cohesion. These levels of social adjustment and social cohesion are positively related to one another, and players in Palestinian universities experience nearly the same harmony in these areas regardless of the university, the type of game, and where they live.
Implementation Degree of Quality Standards in the Special Education Program at Al-Balqa Applied University from the perspective of Faculty Members
Authors: Al-Sabayleh Obaid Abdlekarim
Published: December 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the implementation degree of quality standards in the special education program at Al-Balqa Applied University.

Methods: The descriptive strategy was applied. A random cluster sample of 56 faculty members from Balqa Applied University made up the study sample. The Jordanian Universities Accreditation and Quality Assurance Authority's Manual of Jordanian Quality Assurance Standards for the Educational Sciences Program served as the foundation for the creation of the instrument.

Results: According to the indicators of the standards for the three aspects of the standards, the study found that Al-Balqa Applied University's special education program applied quality standards to a high degree. However, the findings also revealed weaknesses in the policies that govern student transfer, a strained relationship between faculty members and library and database staff, and the absence of a more thorough, in-depth analysis. The demographics of faculty members' gender and academic rank are linked to how strictly quality standards are applied in Balqa Applied University's special education program.

Conclusions: The study suggested updating academic materials for special education programs to achieve depth and current practices in special education, introducing periodic assessment procedures of special education programs, developing appropriate policies for students transferring from other academic programs, and strengthening the communication channel and relationship context among special education program's faculty members and workers in library and databases.
The Effectiveness of a Counseling Cognitive- Behavioral Program in Improving Psychological Well- Being among Al- Quds Open University Students
Authors: Dameri Muhannad Yasser Saleh , Awad Hussni Muhammad
Published: December 2022

Objectives: This study aims to reveal the effectiveness of a counseling cognitive behavioral program in improving the psychological well-being among Al- Quds Open University Students. 

Methods: The researcher used the semi-experimental approach. The study sample comprised (30) university students (males/females) who have low degree of psychological well-being. The study sample was divided into two groups, experimental and control groups. The researcher applied for the counseling program to the experimental group, while the control group did not receive any kind of counseling. The counseling program included (15) sessions, with two sessions per week, and the duration of each session has lasted for (90) minutes. 

Results: The study showed the mean scores of psychological well-being according to the post-measurement in favor of the experimental group with a (0.922) value. The differences were also significant in the experimental group concerning the pre and post-measurement in favor of the post-measurement. The results indicated the effectiveness of the counseling program in improving psychological well- being among university students and the effectiveness of the counseling program. 

Conclusions: The study recommends the need to invest in the cognitive-behavioral counseling program used in the current study on other groups in society and evaluate its effectiveness with each category of society. Additionally, it recmmends taking care of the preparation of counseling programs in universities to deal with problems and mental disorders that lead to a decrease psychological well-being among university students.
Changes and Challenges of puberty in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Hamdan Mohammed Akram
Published: December 2022

Objective: The current study investigated the changes and challenges of puberty in adolescents with Autism spectrum disorder.

Method: The qualitative research methodology was used by conducting semi-structured in-depth interviews. The sample consisted of 12 parents (8 men and 4 women) whose adolescents have been diagnosed with Autism spectrum disorder from government or private clinics, and they (adolescents) were between 13-18 years old.

Results: The findings indicate that most parents note that pubertal timing appears early in their children with Autism spectrum disorder, especially among female adolescents. Several parents indicate that some behaviors, such as stereotypical and repetitive behaviors decreased or stopped in their children during puberty. The findings of parents' responses analysis also show that their children experience several behavioral challenges during puberty, including anger, social withdrawal, sexual behaviors, daily life skills, menstruation, and eating.

Conclusion: Puberty leads to significant unique challenges for individuals with Autism spectrum disorder. The impairment in communication skills and other behaviors associated with the disorder can lead to negative risks during this period. Different developmental challenges begin to appear in the behavioral, health, physical, and psychological aspects during puberty. The study recommends the need for counseling and training programs for children with Autism spectrum disorder and their parents to deal with the changes and challenges of puberty.
USSR and us
Authors: Ланской Г.Н.
Published: December 2022

Под общим заголовком публикуются три очерка, написанные пятью французскими учеными и писателями. В них на основе сочетания социал-демократических и умеренных коммунистических идей представлены теоретическое и фактическое обоснование французской версии еврокоммунизма, краткое описание истории Советского государства и общества, сравнение опыта и перспектив развития СССР и КПСС по сравнению с другими государствами, а также действующими в этих государствах политическими партиями. Особенностью публикуемых очерков является междисциплинарность, обусловленная их одновременной принадлежностью к типологическим жанрам политической историографии, социально-научного исследования и философского эссе.

Under a common title published are three essays written by French scientists and writers. Based on ideas of Social Democracy and Communism presented is a theoretical and practical foundation for the French version of Eurocommunism. Short description of Soviet Union and it’s society is given, as well as comparison of the experience and development perspectives of USSR and CPSU with other countries, and with acting political parties. The texts have a peculiar multidisciplinary character, they combine Political Historiography, Social Science Research and Philosophical Essay. Cognition and usage of the texts are essential for objective perception of development of Sovietology in France, it’s methodological and conceptual specifics.
The argumentative discourse of political poetry in the second century AH
Authors: Darawsheh Salah El Din
Published: December 2022

Argumentation is a phenomenon that is inherent to any human discourse. It is one of the distinguished logical mechanisms that has its influence over people and makes them more convinced of a particular situation or issue. In addition, argumentation is considered as an ability to conciliate individuals and make them real participants in the discourse based on their abilities to gathering argumentative mechanisms. The study concentrated on the argumentative discourse prevailing among power conflicting parties: The Umayyads, the Abbasids, and the Alawites. Its aim is to explain the arguments each party had adopted to prove its right to take power. Although they drew their arguments from similar sources, they adapted them according to their own understandings. Among the most prominent of these arguments were heredity, the traits and nobility of their rulers, and in doctrine argumentation. In their arguments, the poets relied on the religious sanctuary in a manner that reflects their pragmatic competence and the value of their discourse. The study was concerned with analyzing the discourse mechanisms used by poets in their attempts to prove the legitimacy of parties to take over power. These mechanisms include: semi-logical arguments, structure of reality-based arguments, and arguments that shape the reality structure. They employed different argumentation tools and linguistic means to make their words more powerful to ensure the recipient’s deep understanding of the goals of the discourse.

الحجاج ظاهرة ملازمة لإنتاج الخطاب البشري؛ فما من خطاب يخلو من حجاج قلّ أو كثر، والحجاج من الآليات المنطقية التي تتميز بفعالية التأثير في الآخر بغية إقناعه بموقف أو قضية، أو تغيير سلوكه أو بعض آرائه بتبني مواقف جديدة. كما أن الحجاج قادر على استمالة المتلقي وجعله مشاركا في دعوى منتج الخطاب أو أطروحته؛ تبعا لحذقه في حشد آلياته الحجاجية سواء من داخل اللغة أو خارجها. تسلّط الدراسة الضوء على الخطاب الحجاجي الذي كان محتدما بين الأحزاب المتصارعة على السلطة: الأمويين، والعباسيين، والعلويين، وترمي إلى بيان الحجج التي اعتمدوا عليها في إثبات حقّ كل حزب في تولي السلطة، واللافت أنّهم استمدوا حججهم من مصادر متشابهة، إلا أنّهم كيفوها وفق فهمهم الخاص، ومن أبرز تلك الحجج: الوراثة، ووصفات حكامهم ونبل محتدهم، إضافة إلى الحجاج المذهبي. وقد اعتمد الشعراء في حججهم على سلطة المقدّس الديني على نحو يُنبئ عن كفايتهم التداولية، ويرفع من القيمة التأثيرية لخطابهم. كما ترنو الدراسة إلى تحليل آليات الخطاب الحجاجي التي وظّفها الشعراء، ومدى قدرتهم في استغلال تلك الآليات لإثبات شرعية أحزابهم بتبوؤ مقاليد السطلة، ومنها: الحجج شبه المنطقية، والحجج المؤسسة على بنية الواقع، والحجج المؤسسة لبنية الواقع، إضافة إلى توظيفهم للروابط الحجاجية والتي من شأنها أن تمنح أقوالهم طاقة حجاجية مؤثّرة، كما وظّفوا الوسائط اللغوية المختلفة بغية الوصول بالمتلقي إلى فهم عميق للغايات والأهداف التي يرمي إليها الخطاب.
Administrative measures and penalties for crimes against the consumer in Palestinian legislation
Authors: Mahmoud Abdullah , Darraj Osama
Published: December 2022

The aim of administrative measures and penalties for crimes against consumers in Palestinian legislation is to reduce the burden on the criminal justice system and to transfer a number of crimes related to the consumer to certain laws and regulations from the scope of the Penal Code to special laws and legislation. The administrative nature of the act and the seriousness of the act, the seriousness of the administrative irregularities on the health and safety of the consumer, calls for speed in the measures taken to protect him, and these authorities specialized in the administrative control of the consumer more than the criminal judge, a sign that proceedings before the criminal justice system may be prolonged, which may cause harm to both the consumer and the provider. However, these powers granted to the administrative control authorities are not absolute. They need judicial control to protect the supplier from the arbitrariness of the administrative control authorities in order to provide the rules of justice and to ensure the continuity of service to the consumer, taking into consideration the rights of all parties. Between judicial control and administrative control in the field of consumer protection, where he did not distinguish between preventive and remedial measures as determined in the administrative jurisprudence, and the name of the judicial control authority in the Consumer Protection Law and related legislation must be amended to the administrative control authority, to take administrative measures and penalties, if the nature of the penalties is administrative.

تهدف التدابير والعقوبات الإدارية في الجرائم الواقعة على المستهلك في التشريعات الفلسطينية إلى تخفيف العبء على القضاء الجزائي، وتحويل عدد من الجرائم المتعلقة بالمستهلك بشروط وضوابط معينة من حيز قانون العقوبات إلى قوانين وتشريعات خاصة، بحيث يتم العقاب على هذه الجرائم من خلال جزاءات إدارية توقعها سلطات الضبط الإداري حسب طبيعة الفعل ودرجة خطورته، فخطورة المخالفات الإدارية على صحة المستهلك وسلامة معاملته، تستدعي سرعة في الإجراءات المتخذة لحمايته، كما أن هذه السلطات متخصصة في أعمال الضبط الإداري المتعلق بالمستهلك أكثر من القاضي الجزائي، مع الإشارة إلى أن الإجراءات المتخذة أمام القضاء الجزائي قد تطول، وهو أمر قد يلحق ضرراً بالمستهلك والمزود على حد سواء. إلا أن هذه الصلاحيات الممنوحة لسلطات الضبط الإداري غير مطلقة، فهي بحاجة إلى رقابة قضائية تحمي المزود من تعسف سلطات الضبط الإداري، وذلك حرصاً على توفير قواعد العدالة، وكذلك ضمان استمرار الخدمة للمستهلك، وذلك مراعاةً لحقوق جميع الأطراف، مع الإشارة إلى أن المشرع الفلسطيني خلط بين الضبط القضائي والضبط الإداري في مجال حماية المستهلك، حيث لم يميز بين التدبير الوقائي والعلاجي وفق لما استقر عليه الحال في الفقه الإداري، وعليه يجب تعديل مسمى سلطة الضبط القضائي الوارد في قانون حماية المستهلك والتشريعات ذات العلاقة إلى سلطة الضبط الإداري، والتي تختص باتخاذ التدابير والعقوبات الإدارية، وذلك في حالة كون طبيعة العقوبات إدارية.
Using reflective journals to promote authentic learning in an English writing course
Authors: Farrah Mohammed , Abu Minshar Manal
Published: December 2022

This study reports on the contribution of reflective journal writing to students’ development of knowledge and skills in authentic learning of BA students in a Hebron University, Palestine (n=76). The research was conducted using both quantitative and qualitative methods to ascertain the nature and the impact that reflective writing and reflective journals may have upon the quality of student teachers’ reflection upon five dimensions of authentic learning. The results obtained from the questionnaires and the analysis of the reflective journals revealed that students held positive attitudes towards the journal reflection process with regard to all five dimensions. Participants generally viewed their experiences in reflective journal writing to be valuable and enjoyable. They particularly valued the active involvement and personal ownership as supportive to improving their language skills.

هدفت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة مدى مساهمة كتابة المجلات التأملية في تنمية قدرات الطلبة ومهاراتهم في تعلم مهارات كتابة اللغة الانجليزية في جامعة الخليل. تم إجراء البحث باستخدام كل من الأساليب الكمية والنوعية على مجموعة من الطلبة بلغ عددها 76 طالبا وطالبة للتأكد من طبيعة وتأثير الكتابة التأملية على جودة تفكير الطلبة ضمن خمسة محاور تعليمية. كشفت النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها من الاستبانات وتحليل المقالات التأملية أن الطلبة ابدوا مواقف إيجابية تجاه عملية كتابة المقالات التأملية. رأى المشاركون بشكل عام أن خبراتهم في كتابة المقالات التأملية ذات قيمة وممتعة. لقد قدروا بشكل خاص محاور المشاركة النشطة والملكية الشخصية كداعمين لتحسين مهاراتهم اللغوية.
The extent of applying higher thinking skills in practical subjects amongst the students of the faculty of physical education at Yarmouk University
Authors: Aljarrah Abdalrhman , Ayasreh Samer
Published: December 2022

The study aimed to identify the extent of the use of higher thinking skills in practical courses from the point of view of students of the Faculty of Physical Education at Yarmouk University, in addition to determining the extent according to the gender variable of students and the year of study. The results of the study showed that higher thinking skills are employed in practical courses with a high degree of arithmetic mean (4.00). The ranking of higher thinking skills is respectively: Metacognitive thinking (4.11) Critical Thinking (4.03), Reflective Thinking (4.03), Analytical Thinking (3.92), Creative Thinking (3.90). The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the degree of employing higher thinking skills in practical courses due to variables of both gender of students and academic years. The researchers recommended investing sports activities and practical courses in order to develop higher thinking skills among students.

هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى درجة توظيف مهارات التفكير العليا في المساقات العملية من وجهة نظر طلبة كلية التربية الرياضية في جامعة اليرموك، إضافة إلى تحديد الدرجة تبعاً لمتغير جنس الطلبة والمستوى الدراسي، ولتحقيق ذلك اتبع الباحث المنهج الوصفي مستخدماً الاستبانة التي قام بتصميمها كأداة لجمع البيانات من عينة عشوائية قوامها (136) طالباً وطالبة، وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن مهارات التفكير العليا توظف في مناهج المساقات العملية بدرجة مرتفعة بدلالة المتوسط الحسابي والذي بلغ (4.00)، وقد جاء ترتيب مهارات التفكير العليا على التوالي: التفكير ما وراء المعرفة (4.11)، التفكير الناقد (4.03)، التفكير التأملي (4.03)، التفكير التحليلي (3.92)، التفكير الأبداعي (3.90)، وأظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائياً في درجة توظيف مهارات التفكير العليا في المساقات العملية تعزى لمتغير كل من جنس الطلبة والمستوى الدراسي. وقد أوصى الباحثان باستثمار الأنشطة الرياضية والمساقات العملية من أجل تنمية مهارات التفكير العليا عند الطلبة.
Deliberate transmission of infectious diseases
Authors: Al-Kilani Jamal , Dhiab Mahmoud
Published: December 2022

In This research, entitled (deliberate transmission of infectious diseases). we talked about the concept of infectious diseases and their seriousness in weakening the immune system of the body, the types of these infectious diseases, the organisms causing them, and the role of Islam and its approach in taking preventive measures to prevent the transmission of diseases. We have also tackled the jurists' verification of infection, ways of transmission and the judgement on intention concerning who deliberately intends to transmit infection to an identical person or whole community. Consequently, whenever the infection is fatal which embodied in the scope of deliberately homicide it requires penalty, but whenever it includes the whole community, it requires banditry penalty.

هذا البحث الذي يحمل عنوان (التعمد في نقل الأمراض المعدية) تحدثنا فيه عن مفهوم الأمراض المعدية وخطورتها في إضعاف الجهاز المناعي للجسم وأنواع هذه الأمراض المعدية والكائنات الحية المسببة لها، ودور الإسلام ومنهجه في اتخاذ الإجراءات الوقائية لمنع انتقال الأمراض. ثم تناولنا إثبات العدوى عند الفقهاء وطرق انتشارها، وحكم التعمد في نقلها إلى شخص بعينه أو المجتمع. وكان من نتائج البحث: أن نقلها إلى أحد الأشخاص إن كانت قاتلة ومميتة يدخل في باب جرائم القتل، وأما قصد نقلها إلى المجتمع فيدخل في باب الحرابة وجرائم الإفساد في الأرض.
The role of Zionist settlement towns in attracting settlers to live in the occupied Arab Lands (Katzrin settlement, 1973 AD-2019 AD as a model)
Authors: Nazzal Issa
Published: December 2022

The Zionist movement was not satisfied with the lands that it seized in 1948 AD, and the establishment of the so-called state of Israel; It launched a new aggressive war against its Arab surroundings in 1967 AD, and was able to occupy new territories, claiming that it was liberated land, and then sought to fill it with Jewish immigrants, and established settlement cities for them; To encourage them to live in it, the most important of which are four in the West Bank, and one in Sinai, which was removed in 1982 AD, as well as Katzrin on the Golan Heights since 1973 AD. The latter was considered one of the most important settlement cities in the occupied Arab lands, due to its geographical location and the great interest it received, and it developed and expanded, and it managed to attract a large number of settlers, who reached until the year 2019 AD about eight thousand and five hundred, most of them are secular Jews who emigrated from some advanced European countries.

لم تكتفِ الحركة الصِّهيونيَّة بالأراضي التي سيطرت عليها عام 1948م، وإقامةِ ما يُسمّى بدولة إسرائيل؛ فشنَّت حرباً عدوانيَّةً جديدةً ضدَّ محيطها العربيِّ عام 1967م، وتمكَّنت من احتلال مناطق جديدة، وزعمت أنَّها أراضٍ محرَّرة، ثمَّ سعت إلى ملئها بالوافدين اليهود، فأنشأت لهم المدن الاستيطانيَّة؛ لتشجيعهم على السَّكن فيها، أهمّها أربعة في الضفَّة الغربيَّة، وواحدة في سيناء، أزيلت عام 1982م، فضلاً عن كتسرين في هضبة الجولان منذ عام 1973م. وعُدَّت الأخيرة من أهمِّ المدن الاستيطانيَّة في الأراضي العربيَّة المحتلَّة، نظراً لموقعها الجغرافيِّ والاهتمام البالغ الذي حظيت به، فتطوَّرت وتوسَّعت، وتمكَّنت من استقطاب عددٍ كبيرٍ من المستوطنين، الذين بلغوا حتى عام 2019م نحو ثمانية آلافٍ وخمسمائة، معظمهم من اليهود العلمانيّين الذين هاجروا من بعض الدُّول الأوروبيَّة المتقدِّمة.
Philosophical gestures in the poem "in the beginning was Oras" of Izzedine Mihoubi
Authors: Agti Naouel
Published: December 2022

Creativity features are related to each other, and this makes the poetic text intertwined from complex cognitive accumulations. From the above, this study goes beyond the issue of eliminating the purity of the genre, and it aimed at examining the relationship between poetry and philosophy. The study concluded that the text of the Algerian poet Izzedine Mihoubi "In the beginning was Oras" relates to the philosophical idea as the text of the rebellion against the power of bravery towards liberation from the Kogito principle "I think, I exist" to the principle of effectiveness "I do, I exist" in order toshow the focus tension in self and others "I think, they think for me"

تتصل مظاهر الإبداع ويتأثر بعضها ببعض، مما يجعل النص الشعري تركيبا متداخلا من تراكمات معرفية معقدة، ومن ثم تتجاوز هذه الدراسة مسألة إلغاء صفاء النوع، لتبحث في علاقة الشعر بالفلسفة. وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى كونّ نص الشاعر الجزائري عز الدين ميهوبي "في البدء كان أوراس" يتصل بالفكرة الفلسفية، بوصفه نص التمرد على سلطة الكبح نحو التحرر من مبدأ الكوجيتو "أنا أفكر أنا موجود" إلى مبدأ الفاعلية "أنا أفعل أنا موجود"، سعيا إلى تعرية بؤرة التوتر لدى الذات والغير "أنا أفكر أنا مفكر فيه".
Self- administration and its implementation obstacles from the perspective of school leaders in a Taif governorate
Authors: Maqableh Mansour
Published: December 2022

The study aimed to identify to self- administration and its implementation obstacles from the perspective of school leaders in a Taif Governorate. To achieve of the objectives of the study, the descriptive approach, and the questionnaire were used. The sample of the study consisted of (360) male and female leaders. The results of the study showed the reality of the implementation of self- administration from the perspective of school leaders in a Taif Governorate was on moderate degree. There were no statistically significant differences due to the variables (gender, number of training courses), and there were statistically significant differences due to school level variable between the secondary schools and primary schools, in favor of the secondary schools in the administrative dimension, the technical dimension, Financial dimension and self- administration as a whole, and there were statistically significant differences between primary schools on the one hand and both middle and on the other hand, in favor of middle and in the financial dimension. The results showed that the degree of obstacles of implementation of self- administration was moderate.

هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى الإدارة الذاتية ومعوقات تطبيقها من وجهات نظر قادة المدارس في محافظة الطائف، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم أستخدام المنهج الوصفي المسحي والاستبانة، تكونت عينة الدراسة من (360) قائداً وقائدة، توصلت الدراسة إلى العديد من النتائج منها: أن واقع تطبيق الإدارة الذاتية من وجهات نظر قادة المدارس في محافظة الطائف قد جاءت بدرجة متوسطة، وأظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائياً تعزى لمتغير الجنس ولمتغير عدد الدورات التدريبية، وجود فروق دالة إحصائياً تعزى لمتغير مستوى المدرسة بين المدارس الثانوية والمدارس الابتدائية وجاءت الفروق لصالح المدارس الثانوية في المحور الإداري، والمحور الفني، والمحور المالي والإدارة الذاتية ككل، ووجود فروق دالة إحصائياً بين المدارس الابتدائية من جهة والمدارس المتوسطة من جهة أخرى وجاءت الفروق لصالح المدارس المتوسطة في المحور المالي، كما أظهرت النتائج أن معوقات تطبيق الإدارة المدرسية الذاتية قد جاءت بدرجة تقدير متوسطة.
Problems of implementation the debt insurance bond according to the legislation in force in the West Bank
Authors: Alibraheem Emad
Published: December 2022

Comparative legislation has concerned itself with an insurance mortgage contract, as one of the insurance contracts, which is important for developing confidence in the soul of the creditor, and it is created according to him in-kind right of dependence on a property owned by the debtor, which authorizes him to collect his debts from the price of this property after it is sold by public auction, ahead of other ordinary creditors, If the debtor is indebted with debt, but in the West Bank, the regulation of this contract is subject to the Law of the Status of Immovable Money in Insurance No. (46) for the year 1953 in effect since the Jordanian era, while many amendments were made to it in Jordan over the previous years. In practical problems T-facing implementation support to secure the debt regulator based on the insurance contract for the land registration Department, the study concluded the number of results and recommendations, the most important of which is the failure of Law No. 46 of 1953 to address many Among the problems related to the debt insurance bond and its implementation, whether from the authority overseeing its implementation, or the implications of its implementation for both parties and others.

اهتمت التشريعات المقارنة بعقد الرهن التأميني، كأحد عقود التأمينات، التي ترتب للدائن حق عيني تبعي، على عقار مملوك للمدين، يخوله استيفاء ديونه من ثمن هذا العقار بعد بيعه بالمزاد العلني، متقدماً على غيره من الدائنين العاديين، إذا ما كانت ذمة المدين مستغرقة بالديون، أما في الضفة الغربية فيخضع تنظيم هذا العقد إلى قانون وضع الأموال غير المنقولة تأميناً رقم (46) لسنة 1953 الساري منذ الحقبة الأردنية، فيما جرت عليه تعديلات عديدة بالأردن على مدار السنوات السابقة، فهدفت هذه الدراسات إلى البحث في الإشكالات العملية التي تواجه تنفيذ سند تأمين الدين، المنشأ استناداً لعقد التأمينات المنظم في دائرة تسجيل الأراضي، فخلصت الدراسة إلى العديد من النتائج والتوصيات، أهمها قصور القانون رقم (46) لسنة 1953 عن معالجة الكثير من الإشكالات المرتبطة بسند تأمين الدين وتنفيذه، سواء من جهة الجهة المشرفة على تنفيذه، أو آثار تنفيذه بالنسبة لطرفيه والغير.
Predictors of students’ enjoyment in learning Mathematics
Authors: Daher Wajeeh
Published: December 2022

Despite the role that emotions play in students’ learning, little research has been carried out to study the predictors of the individual emotion that students experience throughout and as a result of their learning. The present research attempts to do that for the enjoyment emotion, where it considers four variables related to different aspects of students’ learning (value of mathematics, self-concept of learning mathematics, teacher’s support and effort in learning mathematics) as predictors of this emotion. Seven hundred and twenty students, from grade eight, nine and ten, participated in the research. Stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The research results indicated that self-concept was the variable that explained the variation in students’ enjoyment more than the other variables (49.2% of the variance). Value of mathematics came next (10.6% of the variance), then teacher’s support (2.6% of the variance) and then student’s effort (1% of the variance). The research results indicate that special stress needs to be put on promoting student’s self-concept in order to cultivate students’ emotions.

على الرغم من الدور الذي تلعبه العواطف في تعلم الطلاب، فقد تم إجراء القليل من البحث لدراسة تنبؤ المشاعر الشخصثة التي يمر بهاا الطلاب خلال تعلمهم ونتيجة له. يحاول البحث الحالي القيام بذلك بالنسبة لمتغير الاستمتاع، حيث يأخذ في الاعتبار أربعة متغيرات يمكن أن تتنبأ به وتتعلق بالجوانب المختلفة لتعلم الطلاب (قيمة الرياضيات، المفهوم الذاتي لتعلم الرياضيات، دعم المعلم وجهده في تعلم الرياضيات). شارك في البحث سبعمائة وثمانية وعشرون طالبًا من الصف التاسع والعاشر وأكملوا استبيانًا يتكون من خمسة مقاييس تتعلق بمتغير النتيجة والمتغيرات المتنبئة. تم تحليل البيانات باستخدام تحليل الانحدار التدريجي في SPSS 23. أشارت نتائج البحث إلى أن مفهوم الذات هو المتغير الذي يفسر أكثر من المتغيرات الأخرى التباين في استمتاع الطلاب. جاءت قيمة الرياضيات ثانيا في تفسير التباين في استمتاع الطلاب، ثم دعم المعلم ثم جهد الطالب. تشير نتائج البحث إلى ضرورة التركيز بشكل خاص على تعزيز مفهوم الطالب لذاته من أجل تنمية عواطف الطلاب الأيجابية وخصوصا المتعة، الأمر الذي سيؤثر بدوره بشكل إيجابي على نتائج تعلمهم.
Spatial analysis of land uses in the city of Bait Lahiya by using the geographic information systems
Authors: Abu Amra Saleh
Published: December 2022

This study aims to define and analyze patterns of the current land use in the city of Beit Lahia, the percentage occupied by each use, the extent of their conformity with the planning standards, and the detection of factors directed to land use, The study used the functional, analytical, descriptive, and historical methodology, The study addressed the first topic of Study methodology, then the second topic of population and their geographical, and the third topic included the factors that target the use of the land, the last topic reviewed the uses of land and identity The functionality of the city, and at the end of the research came the results and recommendations. It was found that population is growing at a high rate, with the population doubling about (25( times in an estimated period of (50) years, which affected the pattern of use the land, and it turns out that the used area constitutes about 85.8% of the total area. The rest is empty land and area suitable for future construction and expansion equal to 14.2%. Also, it appears that the patterns of land use in the city are not in conformity with the planning standards except for agricultural and space use. It was also possible to reach the functional structure of the city so that it falls within the services function as 57% of the total workers work in services. The study also recommended the necessity of setting local planning standards for land uses that take into account scientific and practical dimensions.

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد وتحليل أنماط استخدامات الأرض الحالية في مدينة بيت لاهيا، والنسبة التي يشغلها كل استخدام، ومدى مطابقتها للمعايير التخطيطية، والكشف عن العوامل الموجهة لاستخدامات الأرض، واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوظيفي والتحليلي والوصفي والتاريخي، حيث تم في المبحث الأول استعراض منهجية الدراسة، وناقش المبحث الثاني السكان وتوزيعهم الجغرافي، ثم تناول المبحث الثالث العوامل الموجهة لاستخدام الأرض، وتضمن المبحث الأخير استخدامات الأرض والتركيب الوظيفي للمدينة، وفي نهاية البحث جاءت النتائج والتوصيات، حيث تبين أن نمو السكان يسير بوتيرة مرتفعة، حيث تضاعف السكان حوالي (25,8) مرة في فترة تقدر (50) عاماً، مما أثر على أنماط استخدام الأرض، وتبين أن المساحة المستخدمة تشكل نحو 85,8% من المساحة الكلية، والباقي عبارة عن أراضي فضاء ومناطق تصلح للبناء والتوسع المستقبلي بما يساوي 14,2%، كما ظهر أن أنماط استخدام الأرض في المدينة غير مطابقة للمعايير التخطيطية باستثناء الاستخدام الزراعي وأراضي الفضاء، كما أمكن التوصل إلى التركيب الوظيفي للمدينة بحيث تقع ضمن وظيفة الخدمات حيث أن 57% من جملة العاملين يعملون بالخدمات، كما أوصت الدراسة بضرورة وضع معايير تخطيطية محلية لاستخدامات الأرض تأخذ في اعتبارها الأبعاد العلمية والعملية.
A case for the use of Arabic dialect in the translation of English commercials
Authors: Daragmeh Abdel Karim , Srouji Aya
Published: December 2022

This study makes a case for the use of dialectical Arabic in translating brands and blends from English commercials. We examine the translations of two KitKat and Snickers commercials which contained word blends and slogan statements. As we do so, we compare the dialectical translations with the Modern Standard Arabic choices to demonstrate that dialectical translation better fits into the genre of commercials as a popular culture text due to three main reasons. These include the informal nature of dialectical uses, the greater variation in the linguistic patterns, and the greater flexibility in accommodating new blends.

نقوم في هذ الدراسة بتحليل مواد اعلانية من اجل تبيان مدى نجاعة استخدام اللهجات العامية في ترجمة الاعلانات التجارية من الانجليزية الى العربية حيث تم تحليل اعلانات لشركتي سنكرز وكيتكات تمت ترجمتها باستخدام لهجات عربية وقد قام الباحثون بمقارنة كلمات من اللهجات بكلمات مرادفة من اللغة الفصحى للاستدلال على مدى ملائمة اللهجات لهذا النوع من النصوص والتي تصنف على انها جزء من الثقافة التجارية. وتأتي هذه المواءمة بسبب كون اللهجات تبتعد عن الرسمية في استخدام اللغة وتوفر مخزون من المرادفات لنفس الكلمة في نفس اللهجة وللمرونة العالية التي تبديها اللهجات في استيعاب الكلمات المستحدثة
RICE HUSK AS POTENTIAL RESOURCE FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS: A REVIEW
Authors:   ", NASIR ARYANNY ,   Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Johor, Malaysia ", ADRUS NADIA ,   School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Johor, Malaysia, BOHARI SITI PAULIENA MOHD ,   "Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Johor, Malaysia "
Published: December 2022

Rice husk (RH) is the by-product of the rice milling industry, and its primary disposal via burning can lead to detrimental environmental implications. While literature primarily focused on the potential of its silica component, the cellulosic constituent, which can be of applied value in the biomedical field, appears sparsely reported. Therefore, this review paper critically discusses both the silica and cellulose components of RH investigated for various biomedical uses (adsorbents, drug delivery systems, antioxidant and antitumor activities), and provides the elaborative overview of the chemical extraction methods for both components, while highlighting the needs for optimizing the extraction process for large scale industrial considerations. Discussions on several limitations of the current knowledge that mitigated readiness for biomedical applications (e.g. inadequate data from animal studies and clinical trials, as well as the lack of analytical confirmatory tests and non-standardized methods) are also presented. Considering the medicinal properties of RH, the possible utilization of its cellulose content as a new biomaterial for wound healing application is theorized. The information gathered here justifies the use of this agricultural biomass as a new source of economic wealth for biomedical industries, while minimizing the environmental threat that can be associated with its disposal.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND COLORIMETRY AS A COMBINED NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHOD TO PREDICT PROPERTIES OF HEAT-TREATED WOOD
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia – UFU, Brazil, ZANUNCIO ANTONIO JOSÉ VINHA , COSTA EMANUEL ARNONI ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia – UFU, Brazil, CARVALHO AMÉLIA GUIMARÃES ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia – UFU, Brazil, DE CASTRO VINÍCIUS RESENDE ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa – UFV, Brazil, DE CASSIA OLIVEIRA CARNEIRO ANGÉLICA ,   Universidade Federal de Viçosa – UFV, Brazil, DE OLIVEIRA ARAÚJO SOLANGE ,   Centro de Estudos Florestais, Portugal
Published: December 2022

Colorimetric evaluation is practical, accurate and fast. Starting from the generally established fact that a heat treatment changes the wood properties, the present paper aimed to predict the properties of heat-treated wood by using colorimetry and artificial neural networks (ANNs). Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus caribaea wood samples were heat-treated to evaluate their color, as well as physical and mechanical properties. The relationship between the wood color and its physical and mechanical properties was evaluated through multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network. The heat treatment darkened the wood, increased its dimensional stability and reduced its mechanical resistance. Artificial neural networks based on colorimetric and temperature parameters were efficient in modeling the wood properties, with better results to predict its physical parameters. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the models was high and the root mean squared error (RMSE%) low – with homogeneous distribution. The findings suggest that colorimetry is adequate as a non-destructive tool to evaluate heat-treated wood.
INSIGHT INTO SORPTION AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF ANTIBACTERIAL WOUND DRESSINGS COMPOSED OF VISCOSE FABRICS FUNCTIONALIZED WITH CHITOSAN AND CHITOSAN-BASED NANOPARTICLES
Authors:   ", KORICA MATEA ,   University of Belgrade, Innovation Center of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy,  11000 Belgrade, Serbia ", FRATNIK ZDENKA PERŠIN ,   "University of Maribor, Institute of Engineering Materials and Design,  Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia ", FRAS ZEMLJIČ LIDIJA ,   "University of Maribor, Institute of Engineering Materials and Design,  Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia ", KOSTIĆ MIRJANA M. ,   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Published: December 2022

Wound dressings designed with simultaneously adequate antibacterial, sorption, and antioxidant properties enable proper wound healing. Since the antibacterial properties have already been proven in our previous studies, the sorption and antioxidant properties of raw and differently pretreated (TEMPO-oxidized and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCN) coated) viscose fabrics (CVs), functionalized with chitosan (CH) and chitosan-based nanoparticles with (NCH+Zn) and without incorporated zinc (NCH), were investigated. The sorption properties were evaluated by absorbency rate and capacity, contact angle, zeta potential, and moisture sorption, whereas the antioxidant properties were determined by the ABTS method. The morphological properties of CVs were investigated by SEM. By using pretreatments, the sorption and antioxidant properties of CVs were improved, while subsequent functionalization with CH, NCH and NCH+Zn decreased both properties. However, TOCN-coated CV functionalized with CH and TEMPO-oxidized CV functionalized with NCH still have sorption and antioxidant properties better than raw CV. The obtained results allow the design of antibacterial wound dressings with predefined sorption and antioxidant properties.