bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Species identification, antifungal susceptibility profiles and biofilm formation attributes of Rhodotorula isolates from ocular infections
Authors: Ahmed Nishat Hussain , Xess Immaculata , Singh Gagandeep , Satpathy Gita , Sharma Namrata , Agarwal Tushar , Hussain Tabish , Chawla Rohan , Tandon Radhika
Published: July 2021

Background

Members of genus Rhodotorula are widely distributed in nature and have been traditionally considered non‐pathogenic. Last few decades have seen the yeast as an emerging pathogen. We observed increase in numbers of Rhodotorula isolates from ocular infections in last few years, thus this prospective study was planned.

Objectives

To identify the species of Rhodotorula isolates from ocular infections.

To know the antifungal susceptibilities and study the biofilm formation attributes of the isolates.

Materials and Methods

Rhodotorula isolates were speciated using conventional methods, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption and Ionisation – Time of Flight (MALDI‐ TOF) and sequencing of ITS region of ribosomal DNA. Antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) was done using disc diffusion and E‐test. Biofilm formation was studied using XTT [2,3‐bis (2‐methoxy‐4‐nitro‐5‐sulfo‐phenyl)‐2H‐tetra‐zolium‐5‐carboxanilide] assay.

Results

Twenty four isolates (92.3%) were identified as R. mucilaginosa and two as R. Minuta. AFST showed high MICs against Fluconazole, Amphotericin‐B, Caspofungin, Micafungin and Flucytosine; MIC distribution from low to very high against Voriconazole, Itraconazole and Natamycin; and very low MICs against Posaconazole 57.7% of isolates were strong biofilm producers, 23.1% were moderate, and 19.2% were non producers.

Conclusions

This is the first prospective study on species distribution, antifungal susceptibility and biofilm production attributes of Rhodotorula isolates from ocular infections; also first time demonstrating the utility of proteomics based MALDI‐TOF in diagnosing Rhodotorula up to species level. The study has shown high MICs against the conventional azoles, Amphotericin‐B and Flucytosine. However, low MICs against Posaconazole and Natamycin give a hope for their possible therapeutic use.
A triple threat: the Parastagonospora nodorum SnTox267 effector exploits three distinct host genetic factors to cause disease in wheat
Authors: Richards Jonathan K. , Kariyawasam Gayan K. , Seneviratne Sudeshi , Wyatt Nathan A. , Xu Steven S. , Liu Zhaohui , Faris Justin D. , Friesen Timothy L.
Published: July 2021

Parastagonospora nodorum is a fungal pathogen of wheat. As a necrotrophic specialist, it deploys effector proteins that target dominant host susceptibility genes to elicit programmed cell death (PCD). Here we identify and functionally validate the effector targeting the host susceptibility genes Snn2, Snn6 and Snn7.

We utilized whole‐genome sequencing, association mapping, gene‐disrupted mutants, gain‐of‐function transformants, virulence assays, bioinformatics and quantitative PCR to characterize these interactions.

A single proteinaceous effector, SnTox267, targeted Snn2, Snn6 and Snn7 to trigger PCD. Snn2 and Snn6 functioned cooperatively to trigger PCD in a light‐dependent pathway, whereas Snn7‐mediated PCD functioned in a light‐independent pathway. Isolates harboring 20 SnTox267 protein isoforms quantitatively varied in virulence. The diversity and distribution of isoforms varied between populations, indicating adaptation to local selection pressures. SnTox267 deletion resulted in the upregulation of effector genes SnToxA, SnTox1 and SnTox3.

We validated a novel effector operating in an inverse‐gene‐for‐gene manner to target three genetically distinct host susceptibility genes and elicit PCD. The discovery of the complementary gene action of Snn2 and Snn6 indicates their potential function in a guard or decoy model. Additionally, differences in light dependency in the elicited pathways and upregulation of unlinked effectors sheds new light onto a complex fungal necrotroph–host interaction.
VISITING PALAEOLITHIC ART – EXPLORATIONS AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS IN CUEVA DE LAS MONEDAS, SPAIN
Authors: García‐Diez Marcos , Smith Peter , Muñoz Emilio , Garrido Daniel , Ibero Álvaro , López‐Calle Paula , Ochoa Blanca
Published: July 2021

Numerical chronology is one of the main sources of information by which one may contextualize prehistoric human activity more precisely. It is able to discriminate between different times of visits to caves and determine the period with which each form of evidence should be associated and the relationships between them. The application of conventional 14C and 14C‐AMS has dated visits to the Palaeolithic cave art site of Las Monedas during historical times. The results underscore the caution that is needed when dating a cave art ensemble based on an undated archaeological context or attributing all the graphic activity to a single time.
Race among equals? An inquiry into the segmentation of Indian labor market
Authors: Sheikh Rayees Ahmad , Gaurav Sarthak , Mishra Trupti
Published: July 2021

Whether identical workers are treated homogeneously in different sectors indicates how segmented labor markets are. In this study, we test for segmentation in the Indian labor market by using unit‐level data from two rounds of nationally representative data each round comprising of nearly half a million individuals for the period 2004–2005 and 2011–2012. We use the finite mixture model (FMM) estimation and correct for selection bias to find the existence of two segments of considerable size in informal sector. We identify statistically different latent segments without a priori definition of the segments. Workers in the upper segment of informal employment receive higher returns to education and skills relative to those in the lower segment. Women earn less than men in both segments of informal and formal employment. The gender–wage disparity, however, is less pronounced in the lower segment of informal employment. Furthermore, we estimate the size of involuntary informal employment to be more than 40% of the entire informal employment. Our findings on unobserved heterogeneity suggest the need to rethink about binaries in the labor market as ideas of formal and informal employment lose relevance when multiple latent segments coexist. The study has potential implications for design of labor policies, skilli development programs, and labor legislation.
Protecting Black Lives: Ending Community Gun Violence and Police Violence
Authors: Bernstein Mary
Published: July 2021

This article examines how community gun violence (CGV) activists reenvision policing in order to reduce both CGV and police violence. Theoretically, understanding this prefigurative work necessitates reconceptualizing the overpolicing/underpolicing paradox because, like overpolicing, what I call the failure to serve is another mechanism of racial control. Drawing from over 360 hours of ethnographic observation and 39 interviews, I analyze how CGV activists address both overpolicing and the failure to serve at the individual and institutional levels. In contrast to various efforts to promote police legitimacy as a way to increase law abidance, CGV activists seek to decenter the police and divert those at risk away from the criminal justice system toward community‐based organizations to address the root causes of violence. As the United States grapples with what to do about police violence in the wake of George Floyd’s murder, the experiences and voices of CGV activists are especially valuable.
Adding Up to Zero
Authors: Winters Jeffrey
Published: July 2021

The Biden administration has proposed zeroing out carbon emissions from the electric power industry by 2035. The eventual shuttering of most coal- and gas-fired power plants—once seen as both politically impossible and profoundly irresponsible—now seems all but inevitable. The question is now, how do we replace all that power?
Cost into Benefit
Authors: Siegel R.P.
Published: July 2021

Carbon capture has received a lot of attention as a climate change-fighting tool. If private companies can find a way to make profitable products from captured carbon, then free enterprise will leverage the marketplace toward climate action instead of against it. Proposed uses have been emerging across a vast array of products and materials, whether in new ways to make traditional materials or in entirely new materials and products.
Experimental Study of the Effect of Precursor Composition on the Microstructure of Gallium Nitride Thin Films Grown by the MOCVD Process
Authors: Jumaah Omar Dhannoon , Jaluria Yogesh
Published: July 2021

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a widely used manufacturing process for obtaining thin films of materials like silicon, silicon carbide, graphene, and gallium nitride that are employed in the fabrication of electronic and optical devices. Gallium nitride (GaN) thin films are attractive materials for manufacturing optoelectronic device applications due to their wide band gap and superb optoelectronic performance. The reliability and durability of the devices depend on the quality of the thin films. The metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) process, which uses compounds that contain metals and organic ligands as precursors in a CVD reactor, is a common technique used to fabricate high-quality GaN thin films. The deposition rate and uniformity of thin films are critical to a successful and useful process. These are determined by the thermal transport processes and chemical reactions occurring in the reactor, and are manipulated by controlling the operating conditions and the reactor geometrical configuration. In this study, the epitaxial growth of GaN thin films on sapphire (Al2O3) substrates is carried out in two commercial MOCVD systems: a vertical rotating disk MOCVD reactor and a close-coupled showerhead MOCVD reactor. The surface morphology and crystal quality of GaN thin films have been examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). This paper focuses on the composition of the precursor and the carrier gases since earlier studies have shown the importance of precursor composition. The results show that the flow rate of trimethylgallium (TMG), which is the main ingredient in the process, has a significant effect on the deposition rate and uniformity of the films. Also, the carrier gas plays an important role in deposition rate and uniformity. Using hydrogen as a carrier gas enhances the quality of the thin film but a lower deposition rate occurs on the wafer surface. On the other hand, a high flow rate of pure nitrogen gas improves the growth rate of the film. However, it decreases the uniformity of the film and promotes carbon contamination on the wafer surface. Thus, the use of an appropriate mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen as the carrier gas can improve the deposition rate and quality of GaN thin films.
Heat Transfer Measurement in a Rectangular Channel of Solar Air Heater With Winglet-Type Ribs Using Liquid Crystal Thermography
Authors: Kumar Amit , Layek Apurba
Published: July 2021

This paper deals with the study of heat transfer in solar air heater consisting of winglet-shaped roughness on the absorber plate using liquid crystal thermography technique. The winglet-type roughness element was placed on the absorber surface of a rectangular channel solar air heater having an aspect ratio of 4. The absorber surface was heated uniformly by a constant heat flux of 800 W/m2. The non-dimensional roughness parameter considered was relative roughness pitch, i.e., P/e, and its values range between 5 and 12 with Reynolds number (Re) ranges between 6500 and 22,000. The value of angle of attack, i.e., alpha and relative roughness width (W/w) was kept constant, and the relative roughness pitch was varied to measure the heat transfer coefficient. The enhancement in heat transfer has been compared, and it is observed that at P/e of 8 for angle of attack (α) of 60 degrees resulting its optimum value. The enhancement of heat transfer with the increase in Reynolds number is also noted.
Modeling acoustic metamaterials based on reused buttons using data fitting with neural network
Authors: Ciaburro Giuseppe , Iannace Gino
Published: July 2021

Metamaterials are designed by arranging artificial structural elements according to periodic geometries to obtain advantageous and unusual properties when they are hit by waves. Initially designed to interact with electromagnetic waves, their use naturally extended to sound waves, proving to be particularly useful for the construction of containment and soundproofing systems in buildings. In this work, a new metamaterial has been developed with the use of a polyvinyl chloride membrane on which buttons have been glued. Two types of buttons were used, with different weights, placing them on the membrane according to a radial geometry. Each sample of metamaterial was subjected to sound absorption coefficient measurements using the impedance tube. Measurements were made using the samples by setting three configurations, creating a cavity with different thicknesses. The results of the measurements were subsequently used as input for training a simulation model based on artificial neural networks. The model showed an excellent generalization capacity, returning estimates of the acoustic absorption coefficient of the metamaterial very similar to the measured value. Subsequently, the model was used to perform a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the contribution of the various input variables on the returned output.
Central Nervous System-Infecting Pathogens Escherichia coli and Cryptococcus neoformans Exploit the Host Pdlim2 for Intracellular Traversal and Exocytosis in the Blood-Brain Barrier
Authors: Li Zhongming , Bruno Vincent M. , Kim Kwang Sik
Published: July 2021

Microbial penetration of the blood-brain barrier, a prerequisite for the development of central nervous system (CNS) infection, involves microbial invasion, intracellular traversal, and exocytosis. Microbial invasion of the blood-brain barrier has been investigated, but the molecular basis for microbial traversal and exit from the blood-brain barrier remains unknown.
Gut Microbiota and Development of Vibrio cholerae-Specific Long-Term Memory B Cells in Adults after Whole-Cell Killed Oral Cholera Vaccine
Authors: Chac Denise , Bhuiyan Taufiqur R. , Saha Amit , Alam Mohammad M. , Salma Umme , Jahan Nusrat , Chowdhury Fahima , Khan Ashraful I. , Ryan Edward T. , LaRocque Regina , Harris Jason B. , Qadri Firdausi , Weil Ana A.
Published: July 2021

Cholera is a diarrheal disease caused by
Vibrio cholerae
that continues to be a major public health concern in populations without access to safe water. IgG- and IgA-secreting memory B cells (MBC) targeting the
V. cholerae
O-specific polysaccharide (OSP) correlate with protection from infection in persons exposed to
V. cholerae
and may be a major determinant of long-term protection from cholera.
A Trifecta of New Insights into Ovine Footrot for Infection Drivers, Immune Response, and Host-Pathogen Interactions
Authors: Blanchard Adam M. , Staley Ceri E. , Shaw Laurence , Wattegedera Sean R. , Baumbach Christina-Marie , Michler Jule K. , Rutland Catrin , Back Charlotte , Newbold Nerissa , Entrican Gary , Tötemeyer Sabine
Published: July 2021

Footrot is a polymicrobial infectious disease in sheep causing severe lameness, leading to one of the industry’s largest welfare problems. The complex etiology of footrot makesin situorin vitroinvestigations difficult.
Phycobilisome Breakdown Effector NblD Is Required To Maintain Cellular Amino Acid Composition during Nitrogen Starvation
Authors: Krauspe Vanessa , Timm Stefan , Hagemann Martin , Hess Wolfgang R.
Published: July 2021

Cyanobacteria play important roles in the global carbon and nitrogen cycles. In their natural environment, these organisms are exposed to fluctuating nutrient conditions.
Reovirus Nonstructural Protein σNS Recruits Viral RNA to Replication Organelles
Authors: Lee Christopher H. , Raghunathan Krishnan , Taylor Gwen M. , French Andrea J. , Tenorio Raquel , Fernández de Castro Isabel , Risco Cristina , Parker John S. L. , Dermody Terence S.
Published: July 2021

Viral replication requires the formation of neoorganelles in infected cells to concentrate essential viral and host components. However, for many viruses, it is unclear how these components coalesce into neoorganelles to form factories for viral replication.
Structural Basis for a Neutralizing Antibody Response Elicited by a Recombinant Hantaan Virus Gn Immunogen
Authors: Rissanen Ilona , Krumm Stefanie A. , Stass Robert , Whitaker Annalis , Voss James E. , Bruce Emily A. , Rothenberger Sylvia , Kunz Stefan , Burton Dennis R. , Huiskonen Juha T. , Botten Jason W. , Bowden Thomas A. , Doores Katie J.
Published: July 2021

The spillover of pathogenic hantaviruses from rodent reservoirs into the human population poses a continued threat to human health. Here, we show that a recombinant form of the Hantaan virus (HTNV) surface-displayed glycoprotein, Gn, elicits a neutralizing antibody response in rabbits.
Metabolic Differentiation of Co-occurring Accumulibacter Clades Revealed through Genome-Resolved Metatranscriptomics
Authors: McDaniel Elizabeth A. , Moya-Flores Francisco , Keene Beach Natalie , Camejo Pamela Y. , Oyserman Ben O. , Kizaric Matthew , Khor Eng Hoe , Noguera Daniel R. , McMahon Katherine D.
Published: July 2021

“
Candidatus
Accumulibacter phosphatis” is a model polyphosphate-accumulating organism that has been studied using genome-resolved metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metaproteomics to understand the EBPR process. Within the Accumulibacter lineage, several similar but diverging clades are defined by the shared sequence identity of the polyphosphate kinase (
ppk1
) locus.
Pathogenic
Vibrio
Species Are Associated with Distinct Environmental Niches and Planktonic Taxa in Southern California (USA) Aquatic Microbiomes
Authors: Diner Rachel E. , Kaul Drishti , Rabines Ariel , Zheng Hong , Steele Joshua A. , Griffith John F. , Allen Andrew E.
Published: July 2021

Many species of coastal vibrio bacteria can infect humans, representing a growing health threat linked to increasing seawater temperatures. However, their interactions with surrounding microbes in the environment, especially eukaryotic organisms that may provide nutrients and attachment substrate, are poorly understood.
Anxiety and depression in inflammatory eye disease: exploring the potential impact of topical treatment frequency as a putative psychometric item
Authors: Vakros Georgios , Scollo Paolo , Hodson James , Murray Philip I , Rauz Saaeha
Published: July 2021

Objective

To evaluate whether topical therapy is linked to scores related to anxiety, depression and quality of life (QoL) in inflammatory eye disease (IED).

Methods and analysis

Patients with ocular surface disease (OSD, N=100) and Uveitis (N=100) completed self-administered validated questions on ocular symptoms and well-being, with supplemental questions on eye drop frequency.

Results

Forty (20%) patients had scores consistent with depression and 33 (17%) anxiety. Anxiety, depression, QoL and OSD index (OSDI) scores did not differ significantly between OSD and Uveitis groups. In those with anxiety or depression, QoL was significantly reduced in all WHO Quality Of Life-BREF domains (all p<0.001). Multivariable analysis considering demographic and disease-related factors found daily topical drop frequency to be independently associated with anxiety (p=0.009) but not depression (p=0.300).

Conclusion

A high proportion of patients with IED demonstrated scores indicativeofanxiety and depression. Preliminary evidence suggests that the frequency of topical eye drops potentially plays a significant role in the psychological health status of patients with IED .
The $${\varvec{\Lambda (1405)}}$$ in resummed chiral effective field theory
Authors: Ren Xiu-Lei , Epelbaum E. , Gegelia J. , Meißner U.-G.
Published: July 2021

We study the unitarized meson–baryon scattering amplitude at leading order in the strangeness$$S=-1$$S=-1sector using time-ordered perturbation theory for a manifestly Lorentz-invariant formulation of chiral effective field theory. By solving the coupled-channel integral equations with the full off-shell dependence of the effective potential and applying subtractive renormalization, we analyze the renormalized scattering amplitudes and obtain the two-pole structure of the$$\Lambda (1405)$$Λ(1405)resonance. We also point out the necessity of including higher-order terms.
Testing the weak cosmic censorship conjecture for a Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter
Authors: Shaymatov Sanjar , Ahmedov Bobomurat , Jamil Mubasher
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we test the weak cosmic censorship conjecture (WCCC) for the Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter (RN-dS) black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter. We consider a spherically symmetric perturbation on deriving linear and non-linear order perturbation inequalities by applying a new version of gedanken experiments well accepted from the work of Sorce and Wald. Contrary to the well-known result that the Reissner–Nordström (RN) black hole could be overcharged under linear order particle accretion it is hereby shown that the same black hole in perfect fluid dark matter with cosmological parameter cannot be overcharged. Considering a realistic scenario in which black holes cannot be considered to be in vacuum we investigate the contribution of dark matter and cosmological constant in the overcharging process of an electrically charged black hole. We demonstrate that the black hole can be overcharged only when two fields induced by dark matter and cosmological parameter are completely balanced. Further we present a remarkable result that a black hole cannot be overcharged beyond a certain threshold limit for which the effect arising from the cosmological constant dominates over the effect by the perfect fluid dark matter. Thus even for a linear accretion process, the black hole cannot always be overcharged and hence obeys the WCCC in general. This result would continue to be fulfilled for non-linear order accretion.
Probabilistic analysis of random nonlinear oscillators subject to small perturbations via probability density functions: theory and computing
Authors: Cortés Juan-Carlos , López-Navarro Elena , Romero José-Vicente , Roselló María-Dolores
Published: July 2021

We study a class of single-degree-of-freedom oscillators whose restoring function is affected by small nonlinearities and excited by stationary Gaussian stochastic processes. We obtain, via the stochastic perturbation technique, approximations of the main statistics of the steady state, which is a random variable, including the first moments, and the correlation and power spectral functions. Additionally, we combine this key information with the principle of maximum entropy to construct approximations of the probability density function of the steady state. We include two numerical examples where the advantages and limitations of the stochastic perturbation method are discussed with regard to certain general properties that must be preserved.
The signature of charge dependent directed flow observables by electromagnetic fields in heavy ion collisions
Authors: Sun Yifeng , Greco Vincenzo , Plumari Salvatore
Published: July 2021

We discuss the generation of the directed flow $$v_1(p_T,y_z)$$

v
1

(

p
T

,

y
z

)

induced by the electromagnetic field as a function of $$p_T$$

p
T

and $$y_z$$

y
z

. Despite the complex dynamics of charged particles due to strong interactions generating several anisotropies in the azimuthal angle, it is possible at $$p_T > m$$

p
T

>
m

to directly correlate the splitting in $$v_1$$

v
1

of heavy quarks with different charges to some main features of the magnetic field, and in particular its values at formation and freeze-out time. We further found that the slope of the splitting $$d\Delta v_1/dy_z|_{y_z=0}$$

d
Δ

v
1

/
d

y
z

|

y
z

=
0

of positively and negatively charged particles at high $$p_T$$

p
T

can be formulated as $$d\Delta v_1/dy_z|_{y_z=0}=-\alpha \frac{\partial \ln f}{\partial p_T}+\frac{2\alpha -\beta }{p_T}$$

d
Δ

v
1

/
d

y
z

|

y
z

=
0

=
-
α

∂
ln
f

∂

p
T

+

2
α
-
β

p
T

, where f is the $$p_T$$

p
T

spectra of the charged particles and the constants $$\alpha $$
α
and $$\beta $$
β
(order of MeV) are constrained by the y component of magnetic fields and the sign of $$\alpha $$
α
is simply determined by the difference $$\Delta [tB_y(t)]$$

Δ
[
t

B
y

(
t
)

]

in the center of colliding systems at the formation time of particles and at the time when particles leave the effective range of electromagnetic fields or freeze out. The formula is derived from general considerations and is confirmed by several related numerical simulations; it supplies a useful guide to quantify the effect of different magnetic field configurations and provides an evidence of why the measurement of $$\Delta v_1$$

Δ

v
1

of charm, bottom and leptons from $$Z^0$$

Z
0

decay and their correlations are a powerful probe of the initial e.m. fields in ultra-relativistic collisions.
Quotients of the Gordian and H(2)-Gordian graphs
Authors: Flippen Christopher , Moore Allison H. , Seddiq Essak
Published: July 2021

The Gordian graph and H(2)-Gordian graphs of knots are abstract graphs whose vertex sets represent isotopy classes of unoriented knots, and whose edge sets record whether pairs of knots are related by crossing changes or H(2)-moves, respectively. We investigate quotients of these graphs under equivalence relations defined by several knot invariants including the determinant, the span of the Jones polynomial, and an invariant related to tricolorability. We show, in all cases considered, that the quotient graphs are Gromov hyperbolic. We then prove a collection of results about the graph isomorphism type of the quotient graphs. In particular, we find that the H(2)-Gordian graph of links modulo the relation induced by the span of the Jones polynomial is isomorphic with the complete graph on infinitely many vertices.
(Indirect) dark matter searches: Status and challenges
Authors: Serpico Pasquale Dario
Published: July 2021

I summarize the rationale of dark matter searches as well as their main challenges, with a focus on indirect techniques. After briefly reviewing the status of current searches and without ambition of completeness, I present some personal perspectives on the directions of development in the field.
A basis of a certain module for the hyperalgebra of (SL2)r and some applications
Authors: Yoshii Yutaka
Published: July 2021

In the hyperalgebra [Formula: see text] of the [Formula: see text]th Frobenius kernel [Formula: see text] of the algebraic group [Formula: see text], we construct a basis of the [Formula: see text]-module generated by a certain element which was given by the author before. As its applications, we also prove some results on the [Formula: see text]-modules and the algebra [Formula: see text].
New water soluble magnesium phthalocyanine as a potential anticancer drug: Cytotoxic and apoptotic effect on different cancer cell lines
Authors: Yabaş Ebru , Şahin-Bölükbaşı Serap , Şahin-İnan Zeynep Deniz
Published: July 2021

Although phthalocyanines are usually used a photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, these works focus on the directly cytotoxic effect of a new water-soluble magnesium phthalocyanine. The new water-soluble magnesium phthalocyanine 2 was synthesized, characterized and investigated for cytotoxic and apoptotic activities. The cytotoxic activities of the compound 2 were determined by using (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay on human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7), human prostate cancer cells (PC-3), and human healthy lung fibroblast cells (WI-38). The cells were plated and treated 1 to 20 [Formula: see text]M of different concentrations of the compound. MTT assay results indicated that the compound 2 has concentration and time-dependent cytotoxic activities against cancer cells. We also observed that the compound displayed lower toxicity against WI-38 healthy cells than cancer cells at 48 and 72 h. The compound showed a significant cytotoxic activity difference between breast cancer cells and WI-38 healthy cells at 48 and 72 h. Selectivity index of the compound 2 against MCF-7 for 72 h was calculated ¿ 15.62. We also studied the apoptotic and necrotic effect of compound 2using TUNEL and PI staining, respectively. It was found that the synthesized compound 2 increased apoptotic and necrotic cells.
On restricted divisor sums associated to the Chowla–Walum conjecture
Authors: Bordellès Olivier
Published: July 2021

We first study the mean value of certain restricted divisor sums involving the Chowla–Walum sums, improving in particular a recent estimate given by Iannucci. The aim of the second part of this work is the generalization of the previous study, by restricting the range of the divisors in the studied divisor sums, extending the Chowla–Walum conjecture, proving a small part of this extended conjecture and generalizing the asymptotic formulas previously obtained in the first part.
The natural neighbor radial point interpolation method in the Elasto-Static analysis of Honeycomb-Shaped foams
Authors: Nascimento N. A. , Belinha J. , Jorge R. M. Natal , Rodrigues D. E. S.
Published: July 2021

Cellular solid materials are progressively becoming more predominant in lightweight structural applications as more technologies realize these materials can be improved in terms of performance, quality control, repeatability and production costs, when allied with fast developing manufacturing technologies such as Additive Manufacturing. In parallel, the rapid advances in computational power and the use of new numerical methods, such as Meshless Methods, in addition to the Finite Element Method (FEM) are highly beneficial and allow for more accurate studies of a wide range of topologies associated with the architecture of cellular solid materials. Since these materials are commonly used as the cores of sandwich panels, in this work, two different topologies were designed — conventional honeycombs and re-entrant honeycombs — for 7 different values of relative density, and tested on the linear-elastic domain, in both in-plane directions, using the Natural Neighbor Radial Point Interpolation Method (NNRPIM), a newly developed meshless method, and the Finite Element Method (FEM) for comparison purposes.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography as a Noninvasive Assessment of Cerebral Microcirculatory Disorders Caused by Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Li Xinyue , Zhu Shiyi , Zhou Sujun , Zhang Yanwei , Ding Yiheng , Zheng Bingjie , Wu Pei , Shi Yan , Zhang Hong , Shi Huaizhang
Published: July 2021

Purpose. Using retinal optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), we aimed to investigate the changes in important indicators of cerebral microcirculatory disorders, such as the properties of the radial peripapillary capillaries, vascular complexes, and the retinal nerve fiber layer, caused by carotid stenosis and postoperative reperfusion. Methods. In this prospective longitudinal cohort study, we recruited 40 carotid stenosis patients and 89 healthy volunteers in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Harbin, China). Eyes with ipsilateral carotid stenosis constituted the experimental group, while the fellow eyes constituted the contralateral eye group. Digital subtraction angiography, CT perfusion imaging (CTP), and OCTA examinations were performed in all subjects. The vessel density of the radial peripapillary capillaries (RPC), superficial retinal vascular complexes (SVC), deep vascular complexes (DVC), choriocapillaris (CC), and the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) were assessed. Propensity-matched analysis was undertaken to adjust for covariate imbalances. Intergroup comparative analysis was conducted, and the paired sample

t

-test was used to evaluate the preoperative and postoperative changes in OCTA variables. Results. The ocular vessel density in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (RPC: 55.95 vs. 57.24,

P
=
0.0161

; SVC: 48.65 vs. 52.22,

P
=
0.0006

; DVC: 49.65 vs. 57.50,

P
<
0.0001

). Participants with severe carotid stenosis have reduced contralateral ocular vessel density (RPC 54.30; SVC 48.50; DVC 50.80). Unilateral stenosis removal resulted in an increase in vessel density on both sides, which was detected by OCTA on the 4th day (RPC,

P
<
0.0001

; SVC,

P
=
0.0104

; DVC,

P
=
0.0104

). Moreover, the ocular perfusion was consistent with that established by CTP. Conclusion. OCTA can be used for sensitive detection and accurate evaluation of decreased ocular perfusion caused by carotid stenosis and may thus have the potential for application in noninvasive detection of cerebral microcirculation disorders. This trial is registered with NCT04326842.
Image‐Based Indoor Localization Using Smartphone Camera
Authors: Li Shuang , Yu Baoguo , Jin Yi , Huang Lu , Zhang Heng , Liang Xiaohu
Published: July 2021

With the increasing demand for location‐based services such as railway stations, airports, and shopping malls, indoor positioning technology has become one of the most attractive research areas. Due to the effects of multipath propagation, wireless‐based indoor localization methods such as WiFi, bluetooth, and pseudolite have difficulty achieving high precision position. In this work, we present an image‐based localization approach which can get the position just by taking a picture of the surrounding environment. This paper proposes a novel approach which classifies different scenes based on deep belief networks and solves the camera position with several spatial reference points extracted from depth images by the perspective‐n‐point algorithm. To evaluate the performance, experiments are conducted on public data and real scenes; the result demonstrates that our approach can achieve submeter positioning accuracy. Compared with other methods, image‐based indoor localization methods do not require infrastructure and have a wide range of applications that include self‐driving, robot navigation, and augmented reality.
Characterization of Skew CR-Warped Product Submanifolds in Complex Space Forms via Differential Equations
Authors: Al-Dayel Ibrahim , Khan Meraj Ali
Published: July 2021

Recently, we have obtained Ricci curvature inequalities for skew CR-warped product submanifolds in the framework of complex space form. By the application of Bochner’s formula on these inequalities, we show that, under certain conditions, the base of these submanifolds is isometric to the Euclidean space. Furthermore, we study the impact of some differential equations on skew CR-warped product submanifolds and prove that, under some geometric conditions, the base is isometric to a special type of warped product.
Evolutionary Algorithm for Multiobjective Optimization Based on Density Estimation Ranking
Authors: Li Lin , Wu Hengfei , Hu Xiujian , Sheng Guanglei
Published: July 2021

In the past few decades, a number of multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have been proposed in the continue study. As pointed out in some recent studies, the performance of the most existing MOEAs is not promising when solving different shapes of Pareto fronts. To address this issue, this paper proposes an MOEA based on density estimation ranking. The algorithm includes density estimation ranking to shift the reference solution position, calculating the density of candidate solutions and ranking by the estimated density value, to modify the Pareto dominance relation and for handling complicated Pareto front. The result of this ranking can be used as the second selection criterion for environmental selection, and the optimal candidate individual with distribution and diversity information is selected. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can solve various types of Pareto fronts, outperformance several state‐of‐the‐art evolutionary algorithms in multiobjective optimization.
Evaluation and Application of Surrounding Rock Stability Based on the Improved Weighting Multidimensional Cloud Model
Authors: Li Jing Long , Yuan Chao , Zhang Bo , Sui Bin
Published: July 2021

Aiming at the uncertainty in the existing tunnel surrounding rock stability evaluation methods and the inability to make scientific explanations in the process of determining the weights of multiple evaluation indicators, this paper combines subjective weighting based on the nonlinear characteristics of the surrounding rock stability evaluation criteria. Based on the advantages of the method AHP and the objective weighting method CRITIC, a comprehensive weighting method with multiple evaluation indicators is proposed, which is integrated with the multidimensional normal cloud model to establish a surrounding rock stability evaluation method for the improved weighted multidimensional cloud model and accurately obtain the safety level of tunnel surrounding rock construction. The multidimensional cloud model based on improved weighting not only solves the two major problems of randomness and ambiguity in surrounding rock stability evaluation but also fully considers the influence of the information contained in each evaluation factor on the results. The surrounding rock stability evaluation method in this paper is applied to the tunnel construction of the Beijing‐Shanghai Expressway and Jinan Expressway connecting line construction project, and the evaluation results have a scientific guiding role for construction risk control.
Low-Rank Matrix Denoising Algorithm-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging Combined with Computed Tomography Images in the Diagnosis of Cerebral Aneurysm
Authors: Zhang Daigui , Zhou Lihua , Zhang Tingdi , Wang Shuai , Li Yue
Published: July 2021

This study was to analyze the diagnostic effects of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) based on low-rank matrix denoising (LRMD) algorithm. The LRMD algorithm was adopted for MRI diagnosis and CT diagnosis for comparative analysis. 129 CVD patients were selected as the research objects, 43 cases were diagnosed by CT, 43 cases were diagnosed by MRI under LRMD, and the other 43 cases were diagnosed by CT + MRI. The results showed that the diagnostic compliance rates (DCRs) of CT group in the cerebral hemorrhage (CH), cerebral infarction (CI), and cerebral aneurysm (CA) were 95.1%, 94.7%, and 70%, respectively, while those in the MRI group were 99.01%, 97.71%, and 100%, respectively. Thus, it was obtained that MRI diagnosis was much better than CT diagnosis, and CT + MRI showed the best diagnosis efficacy, showing statistical differences (

P
<
0.05

). The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of MRI diagnosis under the LRMD algorithm were 96.28%, 88.76%, and 90.62%, respectively, which were superior to those of CT diagnosis (92.71%, 84.94%, and 80.71%, respectively). The diagnosis cost per case (DC/C) (799.73 ± 100.02 yuan) and the total diagnosis cost (TDC) (58,521.67 ± 301.62 yuan) in the MRI group were higher than those in the CT group (601.42 ± 83.61 yuan and 39,819.2 ± 198.72, respectively) (

P
<
0.05

). In conclusion, CT + MRI under the LRMD algorithm showed good potential in diagnosis of CVD; MRI based on the LRMD algorithm showed a higher positive rate in the diagnosis of CA and was better than CT diagnosis, and CT + MRI showed the best diagnosis effect and could improve the clinical diagnosis rate.
Solitary and Rogue Wave Solutions to the Conformable Time Fractional Modified Kawahara Equation in Mathematical Physics
Authors: Shahen Nur Hasan Mahmud , Foyjonnesa  , Bashar Md Habibul , Tahseen Tasnim , Hossain Sakhawat
Published: July 2021

Utilizing of illustrative scheming programming, the study inspects the careful voyaging wave engagements from the nonlinear time fractional modified Kawahara equation (mKE) by employing the advanced

exp

−
φ

ξ

-expansion policy in terms of trigonometric, hyperbolic, and rational function through some treasured fractional order derivative and free parameters. The undercurrents of nonlinear wave answer are scrutinized and confirmed by MATLAB in 3D and 2D plots, and density plot by specific values of the convoluted parameters is designed. Our preferred advanced

exp

−
φ

ξ

-expansion technique which is parallel to (

G

′

/
G

) expansion technique is trustworthy dealing for searching significant nonlinear waves that progress a modification of dynamic depictions that ascend in mathematical physics and engineering grounds.
Neuroprotective Effect of Taurine against Cell Death, Glial Changes, and Neuronal Loss in the Cerebellum of Rats Exposed to Chronic-Recurrent Neuroinflammation Induced by LPS
Authors: Silva Samara P. , Zago Adriana M. , Carvalho Fabiano B. , Germann Lucas , Colombo Gabriela de M. , Rahmeier Francine L. , Gutierres Jessié M. , Reschke Cristina R. , Bagatini Margarete D. , Assmann Charles E. , Fernandes Marilda da C.
Published: July 2021

The present study investigated the neuroprotective effect of taurine against the deleterious effects of chronic-recurrent neuroinflammation induced by LPS in the cerebellum of rats. Adult male Wistar rats were treated with taurine for 28 days. Taurine was administered at a dose of 30 or 100 mg/kg, by gavage. On days 7, 14, 21, and 28, the animals received LPS (250 μg/kg) intraperitoneally. The vehicle used was saline. The animals were divided into six groups: vehicle, taurine 30 mg/kg, taurine 100 mg/kg, LPS, LPS plus taurine 30 mg/kg, and LPS plus taurine 100 mg/kg. On day 29, the animals were euthanized, and the cerebellum was removed and prepared for immunofluorescence analysis using antibodies of GFAP, NeuN, CD11b, and cleaved caspase-3. LPS group showed a reduction in the immunoreactivity of GFAP in the arbor vitae and medullary center and of NeuN in the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex. LPS increased the immunoreactivity of CD11b in the arbor vitae and in the medullary center. Taurine protected against these effects induced by LPS in immunoreactivity of GFAP, NeuN, and CD11b, with the 100 mg/kg dose being the most effective. LPS induced an increase in the number of positive cleaved caspase-3 cells in the Purkinje cell layers, granular layer, arbor vitae, and medullary center. Taurine showed its antiapoptotic activity by reducing the cleaved caspase-3 cells in relation to the LPS group. Here, a potential neuroprotective role of taurine can be seen since this amino acid was effective in protecting the cerebellum of rats against cell death and changes in glial and neuronal cells in the face of chronic-recurrent neuroinflammation.
Intranodal Lymphangiography during Surgical Repair of Pelvic Lymphorrhea after Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Onishi Yasuyuki , Moribata Yusaku , Shimizu Hironori , Shimizu Kosuke , Sano Takeshi , Kobayashi Takashi , Nakamoto Yuji
Published: July 2021

Lymphorrhea can develop after various types of surgeries. Surgical closure of the lymphatic leakage point is an effective treatment option. However, it is difficult to identify the leakage point sometimes. Here, we report a case of pelvic lymphorrhea after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Identification of the leakage point was difficult during laparoscopic surgical repair of lymphorrhea. Intranodal lymphangiography was performed via the inguinal lymph node by injection of lipiodol, followed by injection of indigo carmine. Laparoscopy revealed extravasation of lipiodol and indigo carmine from the pelvic wall. The leakage point was successfully cauterized using an electric scalpel. Lymphorrhea improved after the surgical repair. This case suggests that intranodal lymphangiography may be useful for detecting the site of lymphatic leakage during the surgical repair of lymphorrhea.
Network Intrusion Detection Based on Sparse Autoencoder and IGA‐BP Network
Authors: Deng Hongli , Yang Tao
Published: July 2021

Network intrusion detection system provides a better network security solution than other traditional network defense technologies. Aiming at the increasingly serious problem of Internet security in the big data environment, a network intrusion detection model based on autoencoder network model and improved genetic algorithm BP (IGA‐BP) network is constructed. In order to reduce the data dimension and eliminate redundant information, the autoencoder network model is firstly used to denoise and dedimension. A new population was formed by selecting some of the best parent individuals for cross mutation and replacing the worst parent individuals. The improved genetic algorithm and new population generation model will provide more reasonable initial parameters for BP network, namely, IGA‐BP network model. Based on IGA‐BP network model, the problems of slow detection rate and easy to get into local optimality in BP network are solved. The experiments were performed on KDD CUP99 dataset, which simulated different types of user organizations and different types of network intrusion. Compared with the existing intrusion detection methods, the experimental results show that the proposed method has a great effect on classification accuracy, false positives, and detection rate.
Compressed Sensing Algorithm-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guided for Prognosis of Early Neurological Deterioration after Intravenous Thrombolysis in Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Huang Yiwei , Sun Xiaoyun , Yao Yinping , Chen Yejun , Chen Yan , He Yuping
Published: July 2021

This work was aimed to study the risk factors and prognostic treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with early neurological deterioration (END) after intravenous thrombolytic therapy via compressed sensing algorithm-based magnetic resonance imaging (CS-MRI). 231 patients who were diagnosed with AIS were selected, and the final involved number of patients was 182. Patients with AIS were treated with intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase within 4.5 hours of onset. After treatment, patients with early neurological deterioration were defined as the deteriorating group and those without early neurological impairment were defined as the nondeteriorating group. In univariate analysis, hypertension, white blood cell count, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score were correlated with the occurrence of END. Under the CS-MRI theory, the two groups of patients were evaluated for middle cerebral artery basal ganglia infarction and internal watershed infarction. After univariate analysis, the

P
<
0.1

variables were taken as the independent variable, and the binary logistic regression model was adopted for multivariate regression analysis. It was disclosed that NIHSS score was not correlated with the occurrence of early neurological function deterioration, while homocysteine was. Hypertension, white blood cell count, homocysteine, and NIHSS score were risk factors for END. The image analysis revealed that the incidence of deteriorating basal ganglia infarction group was lower relative to the nondeteriorating group, and the incidence of watershed infarction was higher in the deteriorating group versus the nondeteriorating group. The image analysis suggested that predicting the occurrence of END through risk factors can actively provide endovascular treatment for patients with AIS.