bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Full Offline Well Cementing Implementation Resulting in Significant Time Savings and Improvement in Operational Efficiency
Authors: Lo Rex Lun Kai , Tiyor Sion Dan , Abdul Razak Aizal Haziq Bin , Abdul Razak Ahmad Hakam Bin
Published: March 2022

The current global low oil price environment has driven many operators to consider having a quicker and more efficient operations and reduction of the well construction cost. Recently in Field A which was located in offshore Sarawak, Malaysia, four monobore completion wells were successfully batch drilled and cemented offline through ingenious planning. This involves skidding of rig floor away from the well to allow access for the cementing operations to be performed underneath the rig floor simultaneously while drilling operations are allowed to resume above it. This paper will discuss about the offline activities performed, well barriers classification and the offline cementing techniques including the cementing design slurries employed from the top hole section until the final tubing section cementing.

Offline activities were able to be performed before and after the rig skidding package is moved from one slot to another, thus reducing the overall project time. These activities included but were not limited to offline cementing, wellhead installation and tubular rack back on the derrick. Once the conductor was cleaned to the shoe, casing was run and the rig will skid to the next conductor slot and offline cementing adapters were installed on the wellhead. As the rig continues with the drilling operations, cementing operations will be performed offline below the rig floor.

For the conductor section, 3 conduits were run and cemented simultaneously within a conductor offline. For the next section, the intermediate hole was drilled to its section TD, casing was run to bottom and cement head was installed offline after the rig skidded to next well. The next operation which included mud circulation and casing cementing was also performed offline. These same operational steps were repeated for all wells including the offline tubing cementing operations.

The cement slurries were designed as per well requirement which was a conventional Class-G cement slurry design for the conductor and the intermediate section. LCM material and sealing spacer were prepared onboard to mitigate any potential losses which could happen during drilling or cementing operations. For the tubing cementing section, self-healing cement system was introduced to ensure well integrity and zonal isolation is guaranteed for the life of the well.

All four wells were drilled and completed within 34 days, resulting in a time saving of 30 hours just for cementing operations; which was 23 % of cumulative time savings. This drilling and cementing approach will be a footprint to the operator for all future development wells.
A Floating Hub Solution for Offshore CO2 Injection and Sequestration
Authors: Lopez Audrey , Dechiron Cyrille , Favennec Morvan
Published: March 2022

This paper describes a new offshore CO2 sequestration concept: The Floating Hub Solution for Offshore CO2 Injection and Sequestration called in this paper Offshore C-Hub, proposes a flexible transport and storage solution for captured and liquefied carbon dioxide.

The Offshore C-Hub allows permanent CO2 sequestration in an offshore geological reservoir from multiple CO2 emitters via an offshore floating storage and injection facility.

The paper details key elements of the concept, tested in different case studies, and shares results on technical, economic and carbon footprint assessments.

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is circa 10% of the total expected reduction for global Green House Gas (GHG) emissions in the next 30 years (IEA, 2018). Therefore, the contemplated unit will enable a significant CO2 injection capacity (several Million tons per annum) to provide an industrial scale solution.

The Offshore C-Hub concept is a novel floating facility allowing temporary storage and processing of CO2 prior to its continuous injection into a geological reservoir. It is part of a global CO2 management chain comprising the following steps:

Onshore CO2 capture, liquefaction, and temporary storage (or from offshore oil and gas production facilities) Liquid CO2 transportation by ships Offshore CO2 offloading to the Offshore C-Hub Offshore C-Hub injection process and storage Subsea systems to inject the CO2 in the geological reservoir

The generic studies demonstrate the Offshore C-Hub technical and economic feasibility considering a logistical approach and based on the main technological choices for some of the key components. The paper also assesses the technology maturity of the proposed system.

The carbon footprint assessment finally allows identification of alternate means to ensure a low carbon solution and reinforces the performance of the solution.

Until today, projects involving CO2 injection in geological reservoirs have been based on onshore or offshore pipelines.

This work describes a new floating solution for offshore CO2 continuous injection and sequestration.

The paper explains the key benefits of this solution, such as adaptability to project specifics (capacity, distances, etc.) and the ability to receive CO2 from multiple emitters in various locations.

The floating concept also provides strategic advantage by allowing rapid deployment and potential future relocation.
A Novel Engineering Approach in Drilling an ERD Well in a Carbonate Field, Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Hakim Hazlan , Mohamed Nooraini , Jusoh Kamri , Annuar M Nasrullah , Zahri Fakhrul Radzi , Ahmad Ani M Qayyum , Ibrahim Azrul Mizam
Published: March 2022

In order to extract the remaining reserves from a depleted carbonate field as well as to explore the possibility of finding additional reserves in a new fault block, PETRONAS is required to drill an Extended Reach Drilling (ERD) well from the existing platform in the FX field. The new target block is located approximately 4 km from the existing platform. This paper summarizes the planning challenges as well as the solutions in delivering the ERD well in a carbonate reservoir.

During the design phase, the team put a high emphasis in avoiding any complications while drilling an ERD well in a carbonate reservoir especially in managing severe or total losses. As such, the subsurface team came out with a novel approach in mapping the karst in the carbonate reservoir allowing optimum placement of the well trajectory. With the optimized target, the well was designed accordingly, addressing all the challenges that were raised during the detailed risk assessment such as hole cleaning issues, wellbore instability, Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) management, Torque and Drag (T&D) during drilling as well as running casings/liner, cement integrity in high angle well etc. An ERD consultant was engaged to facilitate the design and execution phases.

The final well design and implementation plans were finalized with the ERD consultant's assistance which addressed all the anticipated challenges. An Advanced 1D Mechanical Earth Model (MEM) was constructed with the latest offset data to determine the proper mud weight window to drill the ERD well. The finalized Torque and Drag simulation provided the necessary strategies in completing the well including expected drilling parameters as well as delivering the casing and liner to bottom. Ensuring cement integrity while managing ECD by implementing new technology was also planned. The new technologies and specific approaches implemented to deliver the ERD well in a carbonate reservoir include detailed Seismic analysis to detect and predict the presence of karst in the carbonate, Pseudo Catenary well trajectory to optimize the well trajectory, 9-5/8" liner full air flotation to get the liner to bottom, Definitive Survey While Drilling to reduce vertical uncertainties as well as minimizing the stationary time and flow diverter to ensure cement integrity especially in the high angle / horizontal sections.
A Successful Case Study of a Collaborative Approach in Operational Optimization via Adoption of Automated Drilling Performance Measurement
Authors: Arif Normin Muhammad Afiq , Rosli Azlesham , Meor Hashim Meor M Hakeem , Arriffin M Faris , Ghazali Rohaizat
Published: March 2022

Digital transformation has always been one of the focuses of the oil & gas industry players in recent years. However, the pandemic and oil downturn last year has put the industry players in a digitization overdrive in the pursuit of leaner and cost-effective operations to stay ahead in these unprecedented times. This paper discusses the strategy, approach, and challenges in the adoption and implementation of the Automated Drilling Performance Measurement (ADPM) onsite and remote approach. This includes Wells Real-Time Center (WRTC), which utilizes the ADPM, an easy access analysis application for operational optimization. The implementation of ADPM falls under the PETRONAS Well Cost Compression focus area of Operational Optimization, which aims to achieve the operational technical limit and non-productive time (NPT) reduction. The stages of operational optimization via ADPM are broken down into pre-spud operations, operations, and post-well analysis. A historical performance study is conducted in pre-spud operations and case study sessions with the project team and Subject Matter Experts (SMEs). Once in operations, best practices for the focused key performance indicator (KPI) and ad-hoc gap analysis are implemented onsite throughout the well construction. Remotely, the KPIs are monitored by WRTC while rig contractors monitor the crew performance. The performance review is studied in post-well analysis, and the best practices are compiled for replication and lesson learned to improve future well's excellence. The evaluation of rig performance is conducted based on the focused KPIs criteria and Rig Scorecard criteria. Implementation of ADPM set clear and defined strategy from top management on digitalization and performance optimization. ADPM also helps foster performance optimization awareness and culture with clearly defined roles, responsibilities, and expectations. For example, the application deployment for the Field B drilling campaign focused on tripping, drilling and casing KPI improvement while utilizing ADPM for data gathering and analysis. The result of this deployment is commendable, with a total actual savings of 2.94 days gained throughout the campaign. From 2016 to 2021, PETRONAS has gained a total of 39.03 days of actual savings for their entire rig fleet.
Leveraging an Integrated Execution Model, Digital FEED Platform and Product Standardisation to Improve Project CAPEX
Authors: Fessy Antoine , Jothee Sivananthan , Jacquemin Sebastien , Sammon Jonathan , Cruz Carolina , Ferreira Igor , Bell Jill , Hosen Hariz Akmal , Askat Amirul Asraf
Published: March 2022

This paper illustrates how a typical subsea development (Subsea Production Systems (SPS) and Subsea Umbilicals Risers Flowlines (SURF)) can benefit from an integrated execution model which will significantly improve CAPEX, time to first oil and reduce delivery risk. The PETRONAS Limbayong Deepwater Development offshore Sabah, Malaysia is a successful example of close collaboration between a contractor and operator to leverage integrated contracting models and extended service scope, while maximizing Malaysian participation.

Digital platforms for Front End Engineering and Design (FEED) and Configure to Order (CTO) product designs were utilized in combination to assess and establish the optimal field architecture for improved cost and schedule. Adopting an integrated one-stop contract approach (SURF, SPS and Subsea Services) enabled an improved development schedule and reduction in cost and risk normally associated with split-contract interfaces. Digitalization of FEEDs and standardization of product configurations created value for the Limbayong field development, accelerating time to First Oil Date (FOD) as well as securing aggressive long-lead items delivery schedules.

The combination of the methods described above provides the required enhancement to a traditional execution approach, ill-suited to current oil and gas economics. This approach is instrumental in making many subsea developments feasible and a preface for accelerated future collaborations.
Challenges in Managing Surface Controlled Subsurface Safety Valve SCSSV Integrity Issue in Gas Field, Offshore Malaysia
Authors: Hasbi Nurul Ezween Binti , Barat Junnyaruin , Maluan Lilihani , Lidwin Sharon Ellen
Published: March 2022

Surface Controlled Subsurface Safety Valves (SCSSV) is a critical completion accessory to maintain the Safe Operation Envelope (SOE) of the well and ensuring the production sustainability. In PCSB, it is a requirement that SCSSVs are tested on specific periods to ensure this safety device meet the acceptance requirement as per company guideline.

Monitoring and maintaining the SCSSVs is proven to be challenging for E1 gas fields, located in Offshore Malaysia. Wells in E1 field, recently transferred operatorship, is an aging field producing since August 1982. The wells are equipped with Wireline Retrievable SCSSV (WRSCSSV). Within few months after operating this well, few cases of SCSSVs inoperability were encountered, resulted in significant gas production loss from E1. The main problems with SCSSV are:

Control line hydraulic pressure unable to build up and maintain, hence unable to flow the well as SCSSV unable to open. Abnormal hydraulic return observed. E11 wells tripped due to Wellhead Control Panel Hydraulic pressure header hit low-ow trip setpoint. Inoperable after well close in, indication of control line leak.

Immediate action taken to rectify include retrieving the WRSCSSV and installing redressed old WRSCSSV, injecting and displacing of Pressure Activated Sealant through control line to patch leak point. Root Cause Failure Analysis (RCFA) conducted on the wells identified preliminary factors that lead to E1 SCSSV issues:

Frequent SCSSV cycling with high control line pressure in depleted well pressure (Frequent well tripping and monthly Corrosion Inhibitor batching activity requires close in and opening of SCSSV). Non-compatible SCSSV elastomeric parts with production & CI batching chemical. Wear & tear and corrosion due to valve age (manufactured in 1982 & 1985). Worn out seal bore of BP-6 landing nipple.

Short term solution such as reviewing the recommended hydraulic line opening pressure, downhole visual inspection, pressure activated sealant and caliper survey to confirm BP-6 Landing Nipple seal bore damage, Swellable Packer/O-ring (External) and re-dress using non-upgraded Elastomers (Internal) had been planned. Contingency for subsurface controlled SSV and replacement using new WRSCSSV had been put in place as long-term solution. This paper describes operator experience in managing the challenges in maintaining SCSSV operability, diagnostic and solution recommended to avoid production deferment due to this issue.
Digital Pipeline Network, Feasibility of Data Acquisition at Offshore Brownfield
Authors: Hussien Hayati , Zakaria Nor Salwanie , A Rahman Ahiruddin , Supian Aishah Mastura , Abdullah Nur Asiah Maryam , Juzilman Raizil Aisyaizni
Published: March 2022

Recently digital pipeline system has been introduced, advocating the advantages on the simplification of pipeline monitoring, elimination of inspection activities as well as the accessibility of information especially on the wellness of the pipeline(s). For successful implementation of digital pipeline system, availability of Internet of things (IoT); which is the network of physical objects "things" that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the Internet, is a must. The problems is IoT is rare or even non-existence for pipelines that have been there before 2005. Despite there are many oil and gas operators who have well advanced in control and monitoring their offshore facilities, they mostly monitor the only pressures and shutdown system. Other than that existing equipment in offshore facilities are often analogue and disconnected. A study on data retrieval feasibility to provide information to develop digital pipeline network for brown field facility arrived with very costly equipment installation. This is due the absent off communication system (DCS) and online measuring equipment (such as flow meter, pressure gauge and temperature sensor) at the required location of many offshore facility.

This paper will discuss the feasibility and urgency of implementing of Digital Pipeline Network in offshore facilities most importantly at the existing and aging facilities. It will put across the importance of data retrieval, the required additional equipment and the facility for communication system as well as the assessment of installation hurdles at the aging facilities and the consequential cost requirement.

Comprehensive data retrieval at brown field facilities can be achieved through rationalization between automated digital data online reading by installation of wireless IoT system (for equipment to measure pressure, flowrate and temperature) complimented with the existing communication system, manual data retrieval by site visit and network software analysis in order to reduce the material and installation cost while keeping the objectives intact. Pipeline OPEX will be subsequently reduced once AI based technology such as predictive and prescriptive assessment for effective pipeline monitoring and integrity management can be implemented and hence inspection and maintenance program for pipeline(s) can be optimized.
Expanding Acceptance of Normally Unattended Facilities NUF – A Collaborative effort within IOGP
Authors: Mengan Mohd Rizal , Aziz Saiful Azuan Abdul , Anuar Nadirah Khairul , Veroba Grant , Munoz Jean-Michel
Published: March 2022

A group of International Oil and Gas Producer (IOGP) members have established the Normally Unattended Facilities (NUF) Task Force aimed to position NUF as safe, cost-effective, widely accepted design and operating method for oil & gas facilities. The establishment of the Task Force was driven by the need to standardize, expand the NUF concept to all type of facilities and ensure industry wide acceptance of NUF standardization. To meet these objectives, the Task Force has produced a white paper to outline the design principles, anticipated challenges and enablers to allow for the implementation of a standard NUF design.

NUF will enable oil and gas facilities to be remotely operated in a safe and reliable manner with no crew visitation for determined periods of time. However, this requires a change in the approach to designing, constructing, operating, and maintaining the facility. The NUF Task Force focused on cost compression, unattended duration and sustainability through reduced carbon emissions as key objectives in NUF design optimization. The proposed NUF design will reduce carbon emissions through high reliability, low emission equipment selection and reduction of marine vessels utilization. Technology advancement will allow for lean design, remote control and analysis to efficiently and effectively plan maintenance and optimize operations. Brownfield quick wins will provide avenue for technology maturity, drive for higher reliability and improving overall asset performance. These help in shifting the mindset of personnel involved. Change management is required for governance & procedural changes whilst human retooling will be required for the new skillsets.

The main value drivers that support NUF implementation include but, are not limited to, the anticipated reduction in HSE risk exposure to personnel, a substantial reduction in CAPEX and OPEX, and lower greenhouse gases, with reliability better than or equal to attended facilities. Some standards and regulations may need to be revised to enable NUF application. At present, this is being investigated by IOGP under JIP39.

NUF concepts can be applied to any facility (onshore and offshore) and will be greatly facilitated by some level of standardization. This would create economies of scale for both the qualification and fabrication of equipment and sub-systems.

Substantial potential value drivers supporting the move to a standard NUF approach:

HSE Risk reduction due to elimination of personnel during normal operations Potential 20-30% CAPEX reduction in facility cost Potential 20-30% OPEX reduction in operating and logistics expenses Reliability better than or equal to attended facilities Green House Gases (GHG) footprint improvement
Increasing the Accuracy of Production Allocation from Each Reservoir: Integrating TAML-1 Well Construction Technology and the Dynamic Quantum PLT Method in the Field NP
Authors: Alekseev Alexander , Samigullin Linar , Zimoglyad Mikhail , Nagovitsyn Vladimir , Bolshakov Viacheslav , Bydzan Andrei , Upadhye Vishwajit , Vasechkin Dmitriy
Published: March 2022

One of the largest oil fields on the Yamal Peninsula, the Field NP is characterised by complex geological settings. Massive gas caps pose significant complications to the extraction of large oil reserves occurring immediately below them. In such conditions, new approaches are required to achieve economically viable production. This involves well construction based on a fundamentally new configuration and the use of new technologies.

When drilling wells that penetrate more than one target reservoir, the legislation requires performance monitoring and separate production allocation for each reservoir.

The article dwells on the first case of separate production allocation in a multilateral well completed with the TAML-1 solution. The well penetrates two reservoirs with different porosity and permeability, using the dynamic quantum PLT technology. The well was drilled taking into account the properties of the impermeable top of one of the reservoirs.
Engineering the New Normal: Optimizing Execution Cost for Low Well Count Subsea Projects and Tiebacks
Authors: Organ Mark Edwin
Published: March 2022

Smaller reduced well count projects and tiebacks with shorter lead times: As operators look to control their capital expenditure and optimize their existing assets, these are the key themes which will make up a higher proportion of future subsea production system (SPS) projects.

As part of its project execution framework, Project Connect, Baker Hughes has been seeking to optimize the way it can work cross-functionally and collaboratively with internal and external project stakeholders, to mitigate project risk and increase execution certainty. Through review of lessons learned and after-actions reviews from recent project execution, this paper presents BakerHughes’ key findings and associated conclusions for the optimization of engineering execution of low well count and tieback projects.

The findings may be grouped into the following categories: Building the right team.Strategic planning.Improved commercial awareness.Optimized engineering processes.

The three major conclusions which linked each of these focus areas are as follows: Early-engagement is key.There is no "one-size-fits-all" approach.Recommended practices for execution of smaller projects are readily scaled to projects of any size.
Optimization of Mud Cap Design for Tripping Operations and its Application in Challenging HPHT MPD Wells: Case Histories from Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Shoaib , Ashraf Qasim , Baig Umair Ahmed
Published: March 2022

Growing reliance and new technologies have significantly optimized the drilling operations; un-drillable wells become drillable now. We strive to increase drilling efficiency, whether managed pressure drilling (MPD) or conventional drilling operations. Designing an MPD operation inherits multiple challenges and requires the evaluation of numerous parameters. These include bottom hole pressure management, tripping, cementing, logging & completion operations. However, this paper only describes how the tripping processes can be optimized using effective mud cap design in very narrow window HP/HT MPD wells.

Constant bottom hole MPD (CBH-MPD) is one of the extensively used variants of MPD around the globe. In CBH-MPD, Surface backpressure is the differentiating factor added to keep the bottom hole pressure (BHP) constant in static and dynamic conditions. A close-loop is necessary to attain this control on the annulus pressure with specialized equipment, including effective sealing around the drill string and choking the return flow. The sealing is only effective against the smooth surfaces; hence, one of the most significant challenges in MPD operations arises: having a constant BHP in case of pull out to the surface. If the downhole isolation valve (DIV) is deployed, the well can be shut on it. However, if a DIV is not available, the well can be balanced by designing an effective mud cap keeping the available trip margins.

Planning and executing a mud cap for MPD is challenging and can be overlooked in the planning phase. Designing a mud cap is complicated as many factors need to be incorporated. This paper describes, in detail, how these challenges were identified, planned for, and overcome. Multiple parameters were analyzed in sequences for subjected wells to optimize the mud cap weight and spotting depths. These parameters include the available tripping window, bottom hole temperature, circulation pressures, mud additives, mud rheology, surge, and swab pressures. Residing time of the mud cap in the hole is also a key factor considered in the design as it may also disturb the CBH pressure. Other design considerations included rig compatibility and volume handling capacity, equipment limitations downhole and surface, availability of chemicals, and effective rollover plan. The effective mud cap design for these narrow HP/HT wells mentioned in these case studies was an arduous and challenging task.

This paper also discusses the aforementioned mud cap design considerations and their effects on selecting an appropriate mud cap. Practical examples are shared from challenging case studies, elaborating the detailed design and execution aspects.
Resolution of Non-Repeatable Synchronous Rotor Response of a Power Generator
Authors: Mr. Mohammed Ashour , Mr. Mustafa Shalabi
Published: March 2022

This is a machine train consists of gas turbine driving an air-cooled synchronous generator (3600 rpm and 80 MW rated power), which showed increasing vibration levels on the generator bearings after each shutdown/startup event starting October 2020.

A multichannel analyzer was hooked to collect the data during cold startup. Generator bearings showed high casing vibration levels close to alarm setpoints. The review of data during the transient modes (startup/shutdown) and at steady state indicated a clear symptom of couple-unbalance of the generator rotor without significant effect on the turbine bearings.

Onsite balancing activity showed non-linear synchronous rotor response (different influence coefficient between the trial and correction runs), also a repeatability test (two similar runs without changing the balancing weights) on the generator rotor showed non repeatable synchronous response.

Based on the above observations it was recommended to perform a borescope on the generator rotor. The investigation revealed that the root cause of the non-repeatable behavior was the sand ingress from the makeup generator air breather due to lack of proper maintenance. Dry cleaning of the rotor carried out and sand was removed by vacuum, then filters/gaskets replaced with new and healthy ones. Later, machine started with very acceptable vibration levels well below alarm setpoints.

This case study will outline how to identify the nonlinear synchronous rotor response based on the balancing influence vector calculations using the transient polar plots data.
Multidimensional frailty in older people in general practitioners’ clinical practice: the SELFY-MPI SIGOT project
Authors: Pilotto Alberto , Maggi Stefania , Ferrari Alberto , Rengo Giuseppe , Solfrizzi Vincenzo , Zora Sabrina , Brignoli Ovidio , Lora Aprile Pierangelo , Fascella Giuseppe , Dominguez Ligia J. , Veronese Nicola , Cella Alberto , The SELFY-MPI SIGOT Project On behalf of
Published: March 2022

The multidimensional prognostic index (MPI) is a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) tool exploring the multiple domains of older subject. The knowledge and the diffusion of self-assessment tools for identifying frailty in general medicine is still limited. The aim of our study is to determine the prevalence of frailty using a multidimensional frailty screening tool (SELFY-MPI) in a cohort of older adults, belonging to the general practitioner’s (GPs) experience. In the frame of a national educational program organized by the Italian Geriatric Hospital and Community Society (SIGOT), expert geriatricians carried-out local courses addressed to GPs, focused on multidimensional approach in primary care. A cross-sectional study of the SELFY-MPI, based on eight different domains, in the general practitioners’ outpatient clinic was performed among 50 GPs. SELFY-MPI risk score was used for dividing the participants in robust, pre-frail, or frail. A total of 526 participants (mean age: 77.7 years; females=55.3%) fulfilled the SELFY-MPI. The participants were, on average, independent in the activities of daily living, had a good mobility, but they reported some cognitive difficulties, and they can be considered at risk of malnutrition. A high prevalence of comorbidities and polypharmacotherapy was also present. The 20.2% of the sample lived alone, suggesting a potential social frailty. The mean SELFY-MPI score was 0.26 0.17: therefore, 21.67% of the participants were categorized as pre-frail, and 3.99% as frail. Pre-frailty and frailty are common in GPs experience. SELFY-MPI is a feasible screening tool for multidimensional frailty in the GPs clinical practice.
Parental Perspectives of Work-Family Conflict and Guilt in Collegiate Athletic Trainers: A Descriptive Qualitative Design
Authors: Singe Stephanie M. , Rynkiewicz Kelsey M. , Eason Christianne M.
Published: March 2022

Context

Work-family guilt has been reported among athletic trainers (ATs) working in the intercollegiate setting; however, it has yet to be fully explored from a descriptive, in-depth perspective.

Objective

To better understand the experiences of work-family conflict and guilt of intercollegiate ATs who are parents.

Design

Descriptive qualitative study.

Setting

Intercollegiate athletics.

Patients or Other Participants

Twelve collegiate ATs (females = 6, males = 6) participated in the study. All 12 were married (12 ± 7 years) with an average 2 ± 1 children (range = 1–4). The ATs reported working 51 ± 9 hours per week and spending 11 ± 7 hours per week on household duties or chores.

Data Collection and Analysis

One-on-one interviews were conducted with all participants. An inductive descriptive coding process was used to analyze the data after saturation was met. Peer review and researcher triangulation were completed.

Results

Conflict and guilt were discussed as unavoidable given the equally demanding roles of AT and parent. The resulting guilt was bidirectional, as each role is equally important to the AT. The management theme was specifically defined by 3 subthemes: creating a separation between work and parenting roles, the benefits of having a supportive workplace, and the importance of having coworkers and supervisors with shared life experiences.

Conclusions

The ATs experienced work-family conflict and feelings of guilt from their parental responsibilities. The guilt described by the ATs was bidirectional, as they placed high value on both their parenting and athletic training roles. Guilt was balanced and managed by reducing the spillover from the parental role into work or work into time at home. By separating roles and having supportive workplace environments, including coworkers and supervisors who had similar life experiences, ATs felt they were better able to meet work and home demands.
Safety and Efficacy of USG-Guided Catheter Drainage in Liver Abscesses
Authors: Das Swati , Shankar Girendra , Mohapatra Vedavyas
Published: March 2022

Background:

This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of USG-guided percutaneous drainage in liver abscesses of >5 cm. A lot of literature is available on the minimally invasive treatment of liver abscesses since its introduction in the early 1980s. This study focuses on the eastern Indian population and the outcome of treatment of liver abscess of >5 cm by means of catheter drainage and the use of antibiotics.

Patients and Methods:

This is a retrospective study conducted on a total of fifty patients over a period of 1 year, 1 month (from June 2017 to June 2018). Only patients with liver abscess with size >5 cm were included in the study. The demographic characteristics; comorbidities; and clinical, radiological, and bacteriological characteristics of liver abscesses in the eastern Indian population and the safety and efficacy of catheter drainage were evaluated.

Results:

It was found that because of preprocedural empirical antibiotic intake, 70% of the patients had no growth in the pus, whereas 12% had Entamoeba histolytica, 8% had Escherichia coli, and 6% had Klebsiella pneumoniae as the causative agent. The total duration of hospital stay ranged from 3 to 22 days, and the duration of intravenous antibiotics ranged from 1 to 9 days with a clinical success rate of 96% without any drainage-related complications.

Conclusion:

In contradiction to the earlier belief, percutaneous drainage is a safe and effective means of treatment in liver abscesses of >5 cm with high clinical success rate and reduced duration of intravenous antibiotic requirement as well as hospital stay.
Paraquat – Boon or Bane? A Retrospective Study of Paraquat Poisoning and Outcomes in a Tertiary Care Center in South India
Authors: Ramamoorthi Kusugodlu , Acharya Vasudeva , Lewis Melissa Glenda
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Setting:

Paraquat is a highly toxic, herbicide, extensively used in various parts of India. There is no effective treatment for paraquat poison and carries a very high mortality. In India, this compound can be misused for harmful purposes.

Objective:

A retrospective time-bound descriptive study of paraquat-consumed patients was conducted at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, from January 1, 2014 to January 31, 2016.

Materials and Methods:

All the data were analyzed using the SPSS version 16. All the categorical data are expressed in terms of frequency and percentage. Continuous normal variables were expressed in terms of mean ± standard deviation, and skewed variables were expressed in terms of median and quartiles. Chi-square test was used to find the association between the categorical independent variables across the outcome in survivors, nonsurvivors, and those patients who were discharged from the hospital against medical advice. Similarly, Fisher’s exact test was performed for those variables, for which 20% of the expected cell count was <5%. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the relationship between the continuous skewed variables across the outcome.

Results:

A total of 55 paraquat-consumed patients were admitted, out of which 67.27% (n = 37) of patients were men. Only 32.7% (n = 18) of patients were farmers. Oral ulcers were seen in 43.6% (n = 24) of patients. About 65.5% (n = 36) of patients underwent hemoperfusion, 27.3% (n = 15) of patients survived, 47.3% (n = 26) of patients expired, and 25.5% (n = 14) of patients were discharged against medical advice in a critical condition. The presence of respiratory failure, hypotension, need for ventilator supportive therapy, the elevation of levels of blood urea, serum creatinine, and liver enzymes AST and ALT levels were statistically significant in three groups (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Paraquat poisoning is highly fatal. Treatment is expensive and available only in tertiary care hospitals in India. Central and state governments should ensure that it should not be readily accessible to ordinary people and it should be banned progressively.
Road map toward establishing fellowship programs in an academic anesthesia department
Authors: Ahmad Abdulaziz E.
Published: March 2022

An impactful fellowship management should provide fellows with: Strong commitments and engagement from senior teams, ample and diverse opportunities to interact with mentors, strong exposure and sufficient access to the latest in academic training and experience, flexibility to fit the fellow's area of specialty and research, and extensive opportunities for professional development. One of the important features of our fellowship programs curriculum will be the use of simulation based training programs for the courses and workshops of the target fellowship.
Anesthetic challenges in bilateral pheochromocytoma with history of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
Authors: Bhiwal Anil K , Patidar Naveen C , Vyas Aanal S , Bhokan Ravina R
Published: March 2022

Pheochromocytoma are catecholamine-producing neuroendocrine tumors that can be adrenal or extra-adrenal (paraganglioma) in origin. The mainstay of definitive therapy is surgical resection, and successful management depends on careful preoperative optimization, meticulous intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamic management.
Cricoarytenoid subluxation presenting as vocal cord palsy following endotracheal intubation – A case report
Authors: Saravanan Ravi , Parameshwaran Mahesh , Nivedita Krishnamurthy , Karthik Krishnamoorthy
Published: March 2022

Airway interventions commonly present with self-limiting throat pain and hoarseness of voice. Persistent hoarseness is rare and should be evaluated for serious complications. Cricoarytenoid injuries may present as vocal cord palsies which need careful evaluation. We encountered a case of intubation-related cricoarytenoid subluxation in a 49-year-old diabetic female with a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis was planned for a modified radical mastectomy after a course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. During intubation by a third-year resident, Cormack Lehane's grade was 3, and bougie-guided railroading of 7 mm endotracheal tube was done blindly. The patient developed haemoptysis and desaturation following intubation and was on ventilator support for 24 hours. Following extubation, the patient had throat pain and hoarseness in voice for more than 2 days. Fibreoptic laryngoscopy revealed right vocal cord palsy. A detailed evaluation revealed right cricoarytenoid subluxation which was treated successfully by closed reduction after 1 week. Cricoarytenoid subluxation, though rare is a serious complication after interventional airway procedures. According to the literature, unfavourable intubating conditions, predisposing patient factors and inadequate experience of the anaesthesiologist are the major contributors to this complication. Injury may produce submucosal haemorrhage and haemarthrosis, which cause adhesions and scarring leading to fixing of vocal cord in abnormal position and permanent disability. Early diagnosis by fibreoptic laryngoscopy and CT imaging and prompt interventions like closed reduction or laryngoplasty should be done to restore vocal cord function.
A Case Study of a Connectivism Based Lecture as an Online Teaching and Learning Course in the Digital Era
Authors: Kim Mi-Soo
Published: March 2022

In this study, a consideration and case study on the theory of connectivism were conducted to suggest an effective learning method in the digital era. Presently, education is mainly conducted in an online environment Learning proceeds while an individual actively participates within a digital network in order to connect data and to generate meaning. Therefore, this study considered a theory known as “connectivism,”which may prove to be consistent and compatible with learning in the digital era. The type of learning involved in connectivism emphasizes the characteristics of the digital network because it is achieved through constant connection and disconnection of data (what is meant by “disconnection” of data? Are you sure this is the right word?), as well as with the communication taking place among the learning members. Therefore, this study developed a connectivism program based on an examination surrounding the concept and characteristics of connectionism (do you mean “connectivism”?), the teaching and learning principles, and the learning stage according to the formative study method. After this, the difference in the learning effect was compared by applying 7 lectures each to the same university online course as the existing class and the connectivism class, and then collecting the questionnaires and learning outcomes. As a result, the possibility of applying connectivism as a practical methodology for effective learning in the digital era was confirmed.
Instructional Design of Korean Grammar Education Centered on FonF and TBLT
Authors: Park Sue Jin , Choi Boseon
Published: March 2022

This study meta-analyzed previous studies related to FonF (Focus on Form) of Korean grammar education. In addition, it investigated the perceptions and the grammar learning forms of the students. Finally, it presented a model that can be applied to actual classes. Studies related to FonF in the field of Korean education mainly dealt with grammatical markers and endings, focusing on output rather than input, as well as focusing on dictogloss and consciousness-raising tasks. Also, studies related to TBLT (Task-based Language Teaching) focused on functions or forms rather than grammar items. However, it is necessary for us to understand the tasks in FonF and TBLT methods that go by the same name by dividing them into ‘technique’ and ‘activity’. In addition, 91% of learners said that they did not have experience learning grammar with the TTT model, but that it was necessary to learn grammar by doing task activities while interacting with one another. Based on these findings, this study presented a class design that can improve fluency and accuracy through the use of practical tasks, while still focusing on form and meaning, by using SNS (which learners often encounter in real life). Through this class design, learners experience the communication process while self-recognizing and checking ‘-아/어지다’ and ‘-게 되다’, which have the same meaning as ‘change’.
A Study on a Contact-free Teaching Method for the Liberal Arts Program in Colleges－Focus on Chinese Character Class
Authors: Hwang Su-Jeong , Han Yae-Won
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to examine teaching methods for a real contact-free class of Chinese characters. For this purpose, a “teaching and learning community” was organized for better instruction at colleges and focus was placed on the reinforcement of efficiency of contact-free classes. Following this, a Standard Class Plan was made for a contact-free class that would apply real instruction for ten classes of Chinese characters as a subject within the liberal arts. Curriculum consulting was presented by the Institute for Innovation in Education. All the classes of Chinese characters received a good evaluation in educational achievements and for their communication between teachers and students. In respect to the contact-free Chinese character program, in addition to video lessons and real-time Zoom classes, the followings were included: First, a Chinese character video lesson was presented and the students were tested with the use of a short quiz consisting of 40 questions. Second, to increase the participation among the students, a test for learning diagnosis was made. Third, after the consulting was completed, the results were shared between the students. In this manner, the Chinese character class was designed as a precyclic, contact-free program. Based on the results above, this study proposed strategies to increase participation.
White Paper: The Käte Hamburger Kolleg (KHK) in Bochum as an Institute of Advanced Studies in the Humanities
Authors: Karis Tim , Krech Volkhard
Published: March 2022

The present White Paper is neither an academic publication presenting research results nor does it address a public outside the university field. Instead, we take this opportunity to talk about our experiences with the Käte Hamburger Kolleg (KHK) as a funding format. We hope that this might be useful for other scholars considering an application in this or a similar funding line. Still, we also wish to contribute, more generally, to the ongoing discussion on the role of Institutes of Advanced Studies in the German humanities and how excellent collaborative research in the humanities is best served by public funding lines. Since not only scholars are party to this discussion, the present text might also be of interest to actors in the fields of research politics and administration as well as to journalists working on these issues.
Face Recognition Enabled Door Access Control System
Authors: Adetoyi Oluyemi E. , Awe Boluwatife P.
Published: March 2022

Face recognition has found usage in many applications from the simplest systems to the more complex systems. The years of researches in this field has witness improvements in detection accuracy. However, few studies that incorporate face recognition for access control are suitable for restricted areas. This work aims at using face recognition for access control systems using Haar cascade feature descriptor and LBPH as classifier algorithm. The system was implemented on raspberry pi 3- model B board, which consists of a solenoid lock that is activated to grant access to the user when a matching face is detected by the classifier algorithm. In the event when there is no match between the detected face and the database facial images, a red light comes on and the doorbell rang. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision of the LBPH algorithm are respectively 96%, 97.5%, 90.5%, and 97.5%. The delay in the processing of signals to activate the door lock and doorbell is not more than 4 seconds. Thus, the system is effective as a real-time access control mechanism. Keywords— Access control, Computer vision, Facial recognition, LBPH, OpenCV.
The Characteristics of Pervious Concrete with Gravel as Coarse Aggregate
Authors: Dahunsi Bamidele I.O. , Osasona Toyin D. , Adeniyi Philip O.
Published: March 2022

Pervious concrete is a low-cost and effective drainage technique for metropolitan areas that reduces storm water flow. The goal of this research is to examine the properties of gravel as a coarse aggregate material in pervious concrete. The geotechnical properties of the gravel were investigated to determine their suitability in the construction of pervious drainage structures. The samples collected were subjected to particle size distribution test, aggregate crushing value test, and aggregate impact value test. The concrete samples were then put through a series of tests, including a slump test, a compressive strength test, a density test, and a permeability test. In accordance with the particle size distribution result, the gravel is properly graded. The slump test affirms that as the aggregate size of the pervious concrete reduces, the workability improves. Coarse aggregate of 13.2mm size, had highest compressive strength (4.889KN/) at 28days while those of 19.00mm, 25.00mm, and 37.50mm had compressive strength of 4.520KN/,4.146KN/ and 4.074KN/ respectively. The 37.50mm aggregate size had a higher permeability value compared to that of the 13.20mm aggregate size pervious concrete. The compressive strength increased from 3 to 28 days, for the four aggregate sizes. It was detected that the 37.50mm aggregate size produced pervious concrete with a higher co-efficient of permeability of 8.652 X 10-4 cm/sec for aggregate sizes of 13.20mm, 19.00mm, and 25.00mm were 6.845 X 10-4 m/s, 5.768 X 10-4 m/s, and 3.993 X 10-4  m/s respectively. From the analysis of result derived, it is deduced that the use of granite for pervious concrete is stronger than gravel. Gravel can excellently be used in areas that are not subjected to repeated heavy loads.Keywords: Pervious Concrete, Granite, Gravel, Permeability, Compressive Strength