KEEFEKTIFAN PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH DAN PROBLEM POSING DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR LOGIS DAN KRITIS
Authors: Nugraha Tantan Sutandi , Mahmudi Ali 
Published: January 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan keefektifan pembelajaran matematika berbasis masalah, problem posing, dan pendekatan konvensional serta perbandingan keefektifannya ditinjau dari kemampuan berpikir logis dan kritis. Jenis penelitian adalah quasi experiment dengan pretest-posttest with nonequivalent group design. Populasi penelitian adalah 240 siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Ciamis. Tiga kelas diambil secara acak untuk sampel penelitian, kemudian ditentukan lagi secara acak kelas eksperimen pertama, kelas eksperimen kedua, dan kelas kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes kemampuan berpikir logis dan tes kemampuan berpikir kritis yang terdiri atas soal pretest dan posttest. Teknik analisis data meliputi t-one sample test untuk menguji keefektifan masing-masing pendekatan pembelajaran dan MANOVA untuk menguji perbedaannya yang dilanjutkan dengan uji  univariat. Semua uji menggunakan taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan problem posing keduanya efektif ditinjau dari kemampuan berpikir kritis tetapi tidak efektif ditinjau dari kemampuan berpikir logis sedangkan pembelajaran konvensional tidak efektif ditinjau dari kemampuan berpikir logis maupun kemampuan berpikir kritis; (2) ditinjau dari kemampuan berpikir logis, tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan problem posing tetapi keduanya lebih unggul dibandingkan pembelajaran konvensional sedangkan jika ditinjau dari kemampuan berpikir kritis, pembelajaran berbasis masalah lebih unggul dibandingkan pembelajaran problem posing dan pembelajaran konvensional serta pembelajaran problem posing lebih unggul dibandingkan pembelajaran konvensional. Kata Kunci: pembelajaran berbasis masalah, problem posing, kemampuan berpikir logis, kemampuan berpikir kritis   THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING AND PROBLEM POSING IN TERM OF THE LOGICAL AND CRITICAL THINKING ABILITY Abstract This study aims to describe the effectiveness of mathematics instruction through the problem-based learning, problem posing, and conventional learning approach with their effectiveness compa-ration in terms of logical and critical thinking ability. This research was a quasi-experimental study using the pretest-posttest with nonequivalent group design. The population of this research was all 240 students of grade VIII SMPN 2 Ciamis. Three classes were randomly established as the research sample, later established randomly the first experimental class, second experimental class, and control class. The instruments used in the research were a logical thinking ability test and critical thinking ability test, consisting of a pretest and posttest. The data analysis techniques consisted of the t-one sample test to investigate the effectiveness of each learning approaches and MANOVA to investigate their difference and continue by univariate test. All of tests use the 5% of significance level. The results of the research show that: (1) both of the problem-based learning and problem posing are effective in terms of critical thinking but they are not effective in terms of logical thinking and the conventional approach is not effective in terms of both the logical and critical thinking; (2) in terms of logical thinking, there are not signifficant difference between problem-based learning and problem posing approaches but they are better than conventional approach and in terms of critical thinking, problem-based learning is better than both of problem posing and conventional approaches and problem posing is better than the conventional approach. Keywords: problem-based learning, problem posing, logical thinking ability, critical thinking ability