bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uso da Metodologia de Combinação de Previsões para Projeções da Arrecadação de Receitas Brutas Primárias de Tributos Federais (2° Lugar Prêmio do Tesouro /2019)
Authors: Ricardo de Brito Gadelha Sérgio , Felipe Rodrigues Lima Alex , André Polli Démerson
Published: April 2022

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os ganhos de acurácia (precisão) ao aplicar a metodologia de combinação de previsão para prever a arrecadação de receitas brutas dos tributos federais (séries endógenas) administrados pela Secretaria da Receita Federal do Brasil (RFB). Os cenários de médio e longo prazo contendo dados de preço e de quantidade de variáveis macroeconômicas são provenientes da grade de parâmetros macroeconômicos produzida pela SPE, sendo essas variáveis consideradas séries exógenas. Os dados realizados (tributos e variáveis macroeconômicas) compreendem o período de janeiro de 2002 a junho de 2019. Já o horizonte de previsão (fora da amostra) a ser utilizado para as projeções de receitasde tributos federais considera o cenário de médio prazo das mesmas variáveis macroeconômicas constantes na referida grade de parâmetros, mas compreendendo o período de julho de 2019 a dezembro de 2023. Como técnicas de previsão individual, utilizou-se as seguintes abordagens metodológicas: modelos ARIMAX, modelos TBATS, redes neurais e método STLM. Por outro lado, para a combinação das previsões, considerou-se duas formas de combinação: combinação com pesos (média aritmética ponderada pela raiz quadrada do erro quadrático médio - REQM) e combinação sem pesos (média aritmética simples). O critério minimax é utilizado para selecionar os modelos que apresentam a menor REQM. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, dentre os 22 tributos analisados, o critério minimax selecionou 8 tributos segundo a combinação de modelos (com peso e sem peso) por meio da REQM. Em termos de implicações de política, o uso da metodologia de combinação de previsões no caso da arrecadação tributária, considerando-se o horizonte de médio e longoprazo, é uma estratégia empírica importante para a tomada de decisões dos gestores públicos e dos formuladores políticas.
Pregão Eletrônico E Negociação: Fatores Determinantes Na Busca Do Menor Preço
Authors: Tiago Olímpio Ferreira Tiago , José Carneiro da Cunha Oliveira Neto José Carneiro , Paulo Henrique Gurgel Paulo Henrique
Published: April 2022

Este estudo trata de uma análise do pregão eletrônico frente à expansão de sua utilização nas compras governamentais, que, segundo o Ministério da Economia, promoveu, nos últimos anos, mais praticidade, isonomia, transparência, competitividade, eficiência e economia. Neste cenário, foram analisados os principais elementos que compõem a licitação por pregão, destacando os efeitos das negociações nos certames e os preços alcançados. O estudo selecionou oito fatores: preço estimado, quantidade de licitantes, quantidade demandada, proposta inicial, número de lances, tipo de pregão, negociação e a insistência na negociação. Separou-se uma amostra dentre os oito objetos mais licitados de acordo com o Ministério da Economia, em que foram levantados dados de 1271 licitações de 2018. Realizou-se uma regressão múltipla no Excel, colocando como variáveis independentes os elementos citados e, como variável dependente, o menor preço alcançado. Focando na característica negocial do pregão, efetuou-se também uma análise da incidência das negociações nas sessões públicas e uma comparação geral dos preços, incluindo todos os objetos analisados no estudo. Os resultados mostraram que os fatores mais relevantes nos resultados dos pregões são a quantidade de participantes e o preço estimado, enquanto a negociação se mostrou não relevante e comum quando os preços se mostram altos, ainda assim, observou-se um ganho na análise geral com reduções de preços mesmo que já abaixo do estimado. Diante disso, o estudo evidencia que a competitividade e a robusta pesquisa de preços são cruciais para melhores resultados e a negociação, apesar de não determinante, proporciona pequenos ganhos nas licitações do setor público.
A méhnyakrákkal érintett nők életminőség-vizsgálata a kezelést követően
Authors: Kozmann Krisztina , Jánosné Pánki Roxána , Ferenczy Mónika , Komlósi Kálmánné , Karácsony Ilona
Published: April 2022

A méhnyakrákban szenvedő nők körében a szexuális funkció, funkcionális működés és életminőség vizsgálata. Leíró, keresztmetszeti, kvantitatív kutatás során, a nem véletlenszerű, célirányos mintavétel célcsoportja a FIGO I./II./III. stádiummal diagnosztizált méhnyakrákkal érintett nők (N=91), akiknél több mint öt hónap telt el az utolsó terápiás kezelés óta. A vizsgálat során standard kérdőíveket alkalmaztunk, amelyeket kiegészítettünk saját szerkesztésű kérdésekkel. Az adatokat Microsoft Office Excel programmal elemeztük, leíró és matematikai statisztikai számítást végeztünk (p<0,05). A sugárterápiában részesült kitöltők szignifikánsan magasabb értéket értek el a funkcionális státuszban (p<0,05) és emocionális funkcióban, mint akik nem kaptak sugárkezelést (p<0,05). A kitöltőknek, akiknek alacsonyabb szintű a lelki jóllétük, azoknál szignifikánsan gyakrabban jelentek meg alacsonyabb szintű szexuális funkciók és magasabb szintű nőgyógyászati problémák (p<0,05). A méhnyakrákkal érintett nők gyakran tapasztalnak a betegséggel és a kezeléssel járó életminőségre visszaható szomatikus és pszichés zavarokat, amelyek gyakran úrrá lesznek rajtuk.
Forecasting Criminal Offenses Against Persons Using Time Series Models: A Case Study of Mwanza Region
Authors: Salati Lucas , Majige Seleman
Published: April 2022

The study aimed to determine the best statistical forecasting model that best fit the criminal Offenses against persons in Mwanza. The study used yearly time series data of criminal Offenses against persons from the Tanzania Police Force for the period 1960 to 2018. The findings show that yearly average, the criminal Offenses against persons reported in the Mwanza region was 269, the maximum was 867 and the minimum was 44. The criminal Offenses against persons reported in Mwanza have an upward trend which is inconsistent from year to year. The RSME, MAPE, AIC and BIC were used to assess the forecasting accuracy of the models. The models included the ARIMA model, SMA and SES. On the basis of RSME, MAPE, AIC and BIC the results showed that ARIMA (1, 1, 1) model is the best model that fits the criminal Offenses against persons in the Mwanza region and therefore suitable for forecasting criminal Offenses. The model that has been developed is a useful tool for producing reasonably reliable forecasts of criminal Offenses against persons in future years. These forecasts can provide guidelines in understanding whether the criminal offence against persons rising or falling.
New National Framework For Tackling The Menace Of Doping In India: An Overview
Authors: Chaurpagar Kapil
Published: April 2022

Doping means the act of giving a person or animal drugs in order to make them perform better or worse in competition. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) established WADA as a foundation for battling doping in sports. Olympic Athletes can be tested anytime or anywhere. Urine or blood samples are collected by trained and accredited doping control personnel to test for the presence of anti-doping substances. According to the WADA’s December 2019 Anti-Doping Testing Statistics Report, India topped the list for the first time, with 225 positive instances out of 4,004 samples. Athletics was one of the worst defaulters. In this background, recently, in Loksabha, the National Anti-Doping Bill of 2021 was introduced. It aims to outlaw doping in sports and establishes a new National Anti-Doping Agency. Various studies results show that doping was done for the best result, as well as for the money and for the limelight. Doping, especially at the grassroots level, a lack of understanding of athletes’ and mentors’ accounts is a major concern. Numerous reasons that favour doping in India, the lack of a strong governance framework, as well as political influence, are important contributors to the country’s incapacity to deal with the problem. Therefore the government of India proposes to bring The National Anti-doping Act, 2021 replacing the earlier authorities and establishing new supporting machinery as well as authorities.
Foralismo, Fuerismo y Tradicionalismo (el caso del partido integrista, 1888-1898)
Authors: Obieta Vilallonga Maria
Published: April 2022

Se ofrece un análisis histórico acerca de la manera de teorizar y utilizar políticamente la reivindicación foral por parte del tradicionalismo hispano, y en concreto se estudia la conceptualización que el partido integrista o católico nacional ofreció en los años finales del siglo XIX. Para ello, se parte del estudio los conceptos “fuerismo”, “foralismo” y “tradicionalismo”, y se aplican a su utilización por la prensa integrista y en los discursos políticos de su líder Ramón Nocedal.
El “contrato callado”. Sobre Manuel de Larramendi y la transformación del vínculo comunitario
Authors: Achon Insausti José Ángel
Published: April 2022

El artículo analiza la obra política de Larramendi argumentando que su motivación principal es la defensa de la comunidad tradicional, de los vínculos que la cohesionan y del orden moral en el que se inscribe. Para ello examina las políticas y nuevas ideas que el jesuita denuncia como perniciosas para la perduración de la comunidad. Concluye proponiendo que incluso la propuesta de constituir una "nación exenta" supone un intento de reencarnar aquella comunidad y sus vínculos en un nuevo contexto.
Humor gráfico y lucha antifascista en la Guerra Civil en el País Vasco : caricaturas en el periódico Eguna (1937)
Authors: Saitua Iker
Published: April 2022

Este artículo analiza una serie de caricaturas que fueron publicadas en el periódico Eguna a comienzos de 1937 y que trataban de ridiculizar al enemigo fascista  –tanto interior como exterior– durante la Guerra Civil en el País Vasco. Estas caricaturas antifascistas, además de ridiculizar y vilipendiar al bando sublevado representándolo con la imagen de un adversario cruel, salvaje e invasor contra el pueblo vasco en una lucha desigual durante la contienda, contribuyeron al mismo tiempo a la construcción del enemigo como el otro frente a un nosotros vasco, cumpliendo por tanto una función identitaria.
¡Mujer no quieras pecar más! : la institucionalización de un modelo de mujer a través de la prensa local durante la guerra civil española
Authors: Saenz del Castillo Velasco Aritza
Published: April 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el arquetipo de mujer impulsado por la prensa tradicionalista durante la Guerra Civil española de 1936, así como investigar la participación de las mujeres y sus formas de movilización para contribuir al esfuerzo de guerra en la retaguardia alavesa. Para ello examinaremos detenidamente el diario Pensamiento Alavés, y sus diferentes crónicas, artículos y columnas de opinión que centran su atención en las mujeres, los cuales nos permitirán acercarnos al modelo de mujer preconizado por carlismo en este periodo concreto.
La Fundación Sancho el Sabio, Carmen Gómez y algunos recuerdos
Authors: Bazán Díaz Iñaki
Published: April 2022

Homenaje a Carmen Gómez, exdirectora de la Fundación Sancho el Sabio.
Imágenes para el recuerdo
Authors: De Pablo Contreras Santiago
Published: April 2022

Homenaje a Carmen Gómez, exdirectora de la Fundación Sancho el Sabio.
Los Arroquia, una desconocida familia de pintores barrocos en el País Vasco // The Arroquias, an unknown family of Baroque painters in the Basque Country
Authors: Bartolomé García Fernando R. , Calvo García Laura
Published: April 2022

En este trabajo presentamos el perfil humano y profesional de Pedro de Arroquia (1667-1738) y de su hijo Cosme Ignacio (1689-1740), dos desconocidos pintoresguipuzcoanos que trabajaron a lo largo del País Vasco y la Rioja, dando a conoceralgunas obras inéditas de su producción documentada y conservada. Lan hau Pedro Arrokia (1667-1738) eta Kosme Inaxio (1689-1740) bere semeariburuzkoa da. Bi margolari ezezagun hauek gipuzkoarrak ziren eta Euskadi etaErrioxan egin zuten lan. Haien bizitza eta produkzio piktorikoa aztertzen ditugueta kontserbatu diren margo dokumentatu berriak ezagutzera ematen ditugu. The present work deals with the figure of the unknown painters Pedro de Arroquia (1600-1652) and his son Cosme Ignacio (1689-1740), from Gipuzkoa. Their outputis mainly located in the Basque Country and La Rioja and we present some oftheir conserved and documented paintings, unknown up to now.
De toros y romerías. Fiesta e identidad: la Asociación Vasco Navarra de Beneficencia y las fiestas en honor a la Virgen de Begoña en La Habana (1883) // Of bulls and pilgrimages. Feast and identity: the “Asociación Vasco Navarra de Beneficencia” and the feasts in honour to Our Lady of Begoña in Havana (1883)
Authors: Ramos Martínez Jon Ander
Published: April 2022

La presencia de vascos en la isla de Cuba, al igual que la de gallegos, catalanes,canarios o asturianos, se incrementó a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX.Estos colectivos pronto comenzaron a organizarse en sociedades, y de maneracasi simultánea tomaron como sus iconos las referencias religiosas de los santospatrones y/o advocaciones marianas propias de sus lugares de origen. El objeto deeste trabajo es analizar la utilización de la religión por parte de las comunidadesinmigrantes en América como medio de exteriorizar la identidad del grupo. Kubako uhartean, euskaldunen kopurua handitu egin zen XIX. mendeko bigarrenerdialdetik aurrera, baita galegoen, katalanen, kanariarren edo asturiarrenkopurua ere. Talde horiek guztiak berehala hasi ziren elkarteetan antolatzen, eta,aldi berean, beren jatorrizko tokietako zaindari santuen eta/edo Ama Birjinarendeituren erlijio-erreferentziak hartu zituzten ikonotzat. Hortaz, Ameriketara emigratutakokomunitateek erlijioa erabili zuten, nolabait, taldearen nortasuna adierazteko,eta guk erabilera hori aztertu nahi izan dugu lan honen bitartez. The presence of Basques in Cuba, just like that of Galicians, Catalans, CanaryIslanders and Asturians, began to increase in the second half of the 19th century.These groups of people soon began to organise themselves into societies, and almostsimultaneously took used as their icons religious references of patron saintsand/or Marian advocations from their places of origin. The purpose of this articleis to analyse the use of religion by immigrant communities in America as a way ofexternalising the identity of the group.
El Kadagua y los desequilibrios territoriales de la industrialización de la Ría de Bilbao (1830-1985)
Authors: Larrínaga Carlos
Published: April 2022

Es reseña de: El Kadagua y los desequilibrios territoriales de la industrialización de la Ría de Bilbao (1830-1985) [de] Susana Serrano Abad. 2010
Patria y libertad. Los vascos y las guerras de independencia de Cuba (1868-1898)
Authors: Amores Carredano Juan Bosco
Published: April 2022

Es reseña de: Patria y libertad, los vascos y las guerras de independencia de Cuba (1868-1898) [de] Alexander Ugalde Zubiri (coord.) ; Cecilia Arrozarena, Félix Julio Alfonso López, Joseba Agirreazkuenaga Zigorraga
Estrategias familiares en la búsqueda de honor y ascenso social : el Valle de Ayala en el siglo XVIII // Looking for honour and social mobility. Family strategies in the Ayala Valley in the 18th century
Authors: Aranburuzabala Ortíz de Zárate Yolanda
Published: April 2022

El seguimiento de las trayectorias vitales y la reconstrucción de las familias cuyos hijos se dedican al servicio de la Monarquía, forman parte de una Historia que supera el ámbito local y pasa al espacio global, en la medida que sus estrategias vienen a ser modelos de actuación en la Monarquía Moderna. Son familias inmersas en el proceso de renovación de los gobernantes que se produjo con la llegada de los Borbones y sus reformas y que ejemplifican modelos de ascenso social. En este trabajo se aborda la reconstrucción de un amplio entramado familiar ayalés, que muestra las gestiones familiares y su capacidad de acción, con el fin de acrecentar la economía y el prestigio social, que les permite acceder a cargos que anteriormente estaban reservados a la aristocracia.Monarkiaren zerbitzuan aritzen diren seme-alabak dituzten familien bizi-ibilbideen jarraipena eta berregitea hurbileko arloa gainditu eta espazio globalera iristen den Historia baten zati dira, haien estrategiak jardun-ereduak izatera iristen diren heinean, Monarkia Modernoaren barruan. Borboien eta haien erreformen iritsierarekin batera gertatu zen gobernatzaileen berritze-prozesuan murgildutako familiak dira, eta gizartean gora egitearen eredu ere badira. Aiarako familia-sare zabalaren berregitea aztertzen da lan honetan, eta familiak egindako gestioak eta familiaren jarduteko ahalmena erakusten dizkigu, betiere familiaren ekonomia eta gizarte-ospea areagotzeko, lehen aristokraziarentzat gordeta zeuden karguak eskuratzea ahalbidetzen baitie horrek.Monitoring life paths and reconstructing families whose children worked for the Monarchy form part of a history that is not just local but global, to the extent that its strategies have become models for Modern Monarchy. These are families immersed in the governing body renewal process that took place on the arrival of the Borbon family and their reforms and that exemplify social climbing models.This work covers the reconstruction of a broad Ayala family framework, showing how families worked and acted for the purposes of boosting their coffers and social prestige, allowing them to access positions that were previously only available to the aristocracy.
El servicio militar obligatorio en los territorios vascos al final de la Edad Media (1430-1524) // Compulsory military service in the Basque Country at the end of the Middle Ages
Authors: Etxeberria Gallastegi Ekaitz
Published: April 2022

A partir de un modelo de reclutamiento para el servicio militar obligatorio similaral del resto de los territorios de la corona de Castilla, se fue desarrollando enÁlava, Vizcaya y Guipúzcoa un sistema propio cuyo rasgo más significativo fueel papel desarrollado por las Hermandades provinciales como interlocutoras conla monarquía por encima de las villas y los concejos.Gaztelako koroaren gainerako lurraldeenarekin alderatuta antzekoa zen derrigorrezkosoldadutzarako errekrutatzeko eredu batean oinarrituta, sistema propioagaratu zuten Arabak, Bizkaiak eta Gipuzkoak, eta sistema horren ezaugarririkbereizgarriena probintziako Ermandadeek garatutako zeregina izan zen, haiekizan baitziren monarkiaren solaskide, hiribilduen eta kontzejuen gainetik.Working from a recruitment model for compulsory military service similar to otherterritories under the Castilian crown, a specific system was developed in Álava,Vizcaya and Guipúzcoa, significantly featuring the role of interlocutor with themonarchy played by the provincial Hermandades over the towns and councils.
Breve aproximación a la autoridad femenina en el S. XVIII : el extraño caso de Gregoria de Urbina // An introduction to feminine authority in the 18th century. The strange case of Gregoria de Urbina
Authors: Echeberria Ayllón Iker
Published: April 2022

Los estudios sobre las mujeres en época moderna son relativamente escasos parael conjunto de los tres territorios. A fin de intentar enriquecer dicho déficit historiográfico,proponemos una breve reflexión sobre la autoridad femenina en el sigloXVIII. Mediante éste análisis esbozamos la apertura a nuevos planteamientos quecontemplen a estas mujeres como partícipes de una historia hasta hoy incompleta.Garai modernoko emakumeari buruzko azterlanak nahiko urriak dira hiru lurraldeakosorik hartuz gero. Defizit historiografiko hori aberastu nahian, XVIII.mendeko emakumezkoen autoritateari buruzko gogoeta laburra proposatzendugu. Azterketa horren bidez, emakumeak gaur egun arte osatu gabea izan denhistoria bateko partaide direla biltzen duten planteamenduetara zabaltzeko aukeraerakusten dugu.Studies on women in the modern age are relatively scarce for the three territoriesof the Basque Country. In an attempt to fill this historiographic gap, we are proposinga brief look at feminine authority in the 18th century. Using this analysis,we outline how new approaches opened up that consider these women as takingpart in an as-yet incomplete story.
Comercio entre Álava y Navarra durante la Baja Edad Media y la primera mitad del siglo XVI // Commercial relations between Álava and Navarre between the late Middle Ages and the first half of the 16th century
Authors: Aragón Ruano Álvaro
Published: April 2022

El presente artículo pretende analizar las relaciones comerciales entre Álava y Navarra entrelos siglos bajomedievales y la primera mitad del siglo XVI. A pesar de las vicisitudes políticasque sufrieron ambos territorios, en 1199 y 1512, las relaciones comerciales no finalizaron,más bien se fueron consolidando y fortaleciendo. Este comercio era estratégico para ambosterritorios, toda vez que permitía cubrir la demanda de productos en los que cada uno deellos era deficitario. Dicho comercio benefició a todas las capas de la sociedad, sin embargo,también sirvió de tapadera para un intenso contrabando y comercio ilegal. Esas actividadesfraudulentas tuvieron lugar al calor de un elaborado discurso que justificaba la privilegiadasituación de los territorios fronterizos, siempre bajo la amenaza de que de no mediar talesprivilegios las rentas reales se verían afectadas. Berant Erdi Aroko mendeetatik XVI. mendeko lehen erdialdera bitarte Arabaren etaNafarroaren artean izan ziren merkataritza-harremanak aztertu nahi ditugu artikulu honetan.Bi lurraldeetan gorabehera politikoak izan ziren, 1199an eta 1512an batez ere, baina halaeta guztiz ere merkataritza-harremanak ez ziren itzali; alderantziz, sendotu eta indartu eginziren. Merkataritza estrategikoa zen bi lurraldeentzat, bata produktu baten faltan zegoeneanbestea eskariari erantzuteko moduan zegoelako. Merkataritza hori gizarte osoarentzat izan zenonuragarri, baina nolanahi ere legez kontrako merkataritza eta kontrabando handia estaltzekoere izan zen baliagarri. Ongi taxututako arrazoibide batek babesa eman zien iruzurrezkojarduera horiei. Horren arabera, lurralde mugakideen egoera ezin hobea babestu beharrazegoen, bestela, pribilejiorik ezean, errege-errentak kaltetuta geratuko liratekeelako. This article aims to analyse commercial relations between Álava and Navarra between thecenturies of Late Middle Ages and the first half of the 16th century. Despite the politicalvicissitudes suffered by both territories, in 1199 and 1512, commercial relations did not cometo an end, but rather they were consolidated and strengthened. This commerce was strategicfor both territories, since it allowed for the meeting of demand for products in which each ofthem was deficient. Said commerce benefited all layers of society, however, it also served asa cover for intense smuggling and illegal commerce. Those fraudulent activities took placein the heat of an elaborate discourse which justified the privileged situation of the borderterritories, always under the threat that if such privileges did not exist, the royal incomeswould be affected.
Identifikazio nazionala erlatibizatuz : euskal nazionalismoaren diskurtso eta ideologiez // Relativizing national identity. Discourse and ideology of Basque nationalism
Authors: Etxebarria Dueñas Gorka
Published: April 2022

Este artículo propone una crítica a una extendida interpretación historiográficaacadémica según la cual el nacionalismo vasco es esencialista, a partir del pensamientode Sabino Arana. En ese sentido considera que la nación es una emociónque busca la identificación comunitaria, sobre la cual cada movimiento políticonacionalista proyectaría su ideología. En la crítica, cuestiona la división entre nacionalismoscívicos y étnicos, y profundiza en la ideología de Sabino Arana. Porúltimo, pretende extender un debate sobre las diferentes formas que puede adoptarel tratamiento historiográfico de la nación vasca.Artikulu honek Sabino Aranaren pentsamendutik abiatuta euskal nazionalismoaesentzialista bezala ulertzen duen interpretazio historiografiko akademiko hedatuarikritika bat proposatzen du. Horretarako, nazioa komunitate identifikaziorakoemozio bezala ulertzen du, bertara proiektatuko lukeelarik mugimendu politikonazionalista bakoitzak bere ideologia. Kritikan, nazionalismo zibikoaren etaetnikoen arteko sailkapena zalantzan jartzen du eta Sabino Aranaren ideologiareninguruan sakontzen du. Azkenik, euskal nazioaren trataera historiografikoak harditzakeen bideez eztabaida zabaldu nahi du.This article suggests a criticism to the extended academic historiographical viewabout the Basque nationalism as essentialist and as a consequence of SabinoArana´s thought. For that purpose, understands the nation as a communityidentificationemotion, towards different nationalist movements would projecttheir ideologies. With the criticism, questions the classification of nationalisms ascivic or ethnic, and goes in depth about Sabino Arana´s thought. Finally, aims toopen a debate upon different possibilities on the historiographical treatment aboutthe Basque nation.
Imágenes exentas de divinos infantes en Álava // Free-standing images of the Child Jesus in Álava
Authors: Bartolomé García Fernando R.
Published: April 2022

El tema de la infancia siempre ha sido muy atractivo para artistas y clientes por suamabilidad y delicadeza. Es por ello que las representaciones del Niño Jesús entodas sus variantes o la del propio San Juanito tuvieron un éxito arrollador. Estoha facilitado que haya llegado hasta nosotros un abundante número de imágenesde variedad de estilos y tipologías. En este caso hemos pretendido mostrar algunosejemplos singulares de divinos infantes conservados en la provincia de Álava.Haurtzaroaren gaia beti izan da oso erakargarria artistentzat eta bezeroentzat, beremaitagarritasuna eta samurtasuna dela eta. Horrexegatik izan zuten hain arrakastaitzela San Joan Txikiren eta Jesus Haurraren errepresentazioek, bere aldaerekin.Honi esker iritsi zaizkigu gaur egunera arte estilo eta tipologi anitzetako irudiugari. Kasu honetan Arabako lurraldean kontserbatu diren haurtxo jainkotiarhauen eredu berezi batzuk ezagutzera eman nahi ditugu.Childhood has always been a very attractive theme for both artists and customersdue to its kindness and tenderness. Jesus and Saint John Childrens’ representationshad an incredible success, and a vast number of these carvings of different stylesand typologies have lasted until today. The aim of this article is to introduce someunique examples of divine infants kept in the province of Álava
Historia mínima del País Vasco
Authors: Olábarri Gortázar Ignacio
Published: April 2022

Es reseña de: Historia mínima del País Vasco [de] Jon Juaristi. 2013
Balnearios guipuzcoanos, 1776-1901. Turismo de salud e inversión de capital en aguas minerales
Authors: Villanueva García Begoña
Published: April 2022

Es reseña de: Balnearios guipuzcoanos, 1776-1901. Turismo de salud e inversión de capital en aguas minerales [de] Carlos Larrinaga. 2014
La reunión de la parzonería de Izki alto. Un caso etnográfico de revitalización cultural y construcción comunitaria. // The meeting at upper Izki "parzonería". An ethnographic case of cultural revitalisation and community-building.
Authors: Fernández de Labastida Ixone
Published: April 2022

Este trabajo analiza el proceso de revitalización de una práctica cultural concreta en la comarca de la Montaña Alavesa; la reunión de la Parzonería de Izki Alto. En el presente artículo se estudia este ejemplo etnográfico dentro de una lógica más amplia, la reactivación de recursos culturales como estrategia de desarrollo local y construcción comunitaria. Como es habitual en estos casos, objetos, prácticas y discursos tradicionales se entremezclan con otros actuales dándole al evento un sentido postmoderno. Goi Izkiko Partzuergoaren bilera Arabako Mendialdearen berezko kultura-praktika zen, eta hura suspertzeko prozesua aztertu da lan honetan. Artikulu honetan adibide etnografiko hori aztergai hartu nahi izan dugu logika zabalago baten barruan. Horren arabera, kultura-baliabideak indarberritu egin behar dira toki-garapeneko eta erkidego-eraikuntzako estrategia gisa. Kasu horietan ohikoadenez, lehengo eta oraingo objektu, jardunbide eta diskurtsoak nahastu dira, eta horren ondorioz gertaerari zentzu postmodernoa eman zaio. This paper analyzes the process of revitalization of a particular cultural practice in the region of the Montaña Alavesa; the meeting of Izki Alto communal mountain. The ethnographic example that is discussed in this article is placed within a wider logic; the revival of cultural resources as a strategy for local development and community building. As usual in these cases, objects, practices and speeches are interspersed with other current ones giving the event a postmodern sense.
¿El primer informe policial sobre ETA? Los archivos franquistas como fuente para la investigación histórica. // The first police report about ETA? Francoist archives as a source for historical research.
Authors: Aizpuru Murua Mikel
Published: April 2022

Los documentos policiales no han estado a disposición de los investigadores por una política archivística que impide consultar expedientes que tengan una antigüedad inferior a los cincuenta años. Una de las fuentes que está empezando a estar disponible es el Boletín de Información de la Brigada Político-Social. En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la validez de esta fuente para el conocimiento histórico y se adjunta parte de un boletín del año  1961. Es probablemente la primera vez que la policía española menciona a ETA. Berrogeita hamar urte baino gutxiagoko espedienteak kontsultatzea galarazten duen artxibo-politikaren ondorioz, ikertzaileek ez dituzte eskuragarri eduki polizia-dokumentuak. Eskuragarri jartzen hasi diren iturrietako bat Brigada Politiko Sozialaren Informazio Buletina da. Artikulu honetan, iturri horrek jakintza historikorako duen balioari buruzko gogoeta egiten da, eta 1961eko buletin baten zati bat dago erantsita. Baliteke Espainiako poliziak ETA aipatuzuen lehen aldia izatea. Police documents have not been available to researchers due to an archivist policy that prevents the consultation of files that are less than fifty years old. One of the sources that is beginning to become available is the Information Bulletin of the Political-Social Brigade. This article reflects on the validity of this source for historical knowledge and part of a bulletin from 1961 is attached. It is probably the first time the Spanish police mentions ETA.
Visión y revisión historiográfica de la obra de don Ángel de Apraiz
Authors: Casas Hernández Mariano
Published: April 2022

Es reseña de:Visión y revisión historiográfica de la obra de don Ángel de Apraiz [de] Lucía Lahoz, 2014.
El palacio de los Velasco en Galarreta (San Millán, Álava) : antecedentes, origen y arquitectura desde una perspectiva arqueológica y documental. // The Velasco Palace in Galarreta (San Millán, Álava) : background, origins and architecture from an archaeological and documentary perspective
Authors: Niso Javier , Loza Miguel
Published: April 2022

En el año 2011 se realizó el estudio arqueológico de la parcela que albergaba algunos restos arquitectónicos del antiguo palacio de los Velasco en Galarreta (San Millán, Álava), tradicionalmente situado sobre la antigua Torre de Arriba de los Ocariz. En el presente artículo se realiza un repaso, desde una perspectiva arqueológica y documental, a la evolución de la parcela con los antecedentes (fragua bajomedieval), origen y recreación arquitectónica del palacio construido por la familia Velasco a comienzos del siglo XVII.2011. urtean, Galarretan (Donemiliaga, Araba) Velascotarren jauregi zaharraren hainbat arrasto arkitektoniko biltzen zituen lurzatiaren azterketa arkeologikoa egin zen, tradizionalki Ocariztarren Goiko Dorrearen gainean kokatuta zegoena. Artikulu honetan lurzatiaren bilakaeraren errepasoa egiten da, ikuspegi arkeologiko eta dokumentalarekin, Velasco familiak XVII. mendearen hasieraneraikitako jauregiaren aurrekariak (behe Erdi Aroko sutegia), jatorria etabirsorkuntza arkitektonikoa barnean hartuz.In 2011 an archaeological study was carried out on the plot housing some architectural remains of the old Velasco Palace in Galarreta (San Millán, Álava), traditionally located over the old Torre de Arriba de los Ocáriz (Ocáriz Upper Tower). This article contains a review, from an archaeological and documentary perspective, of the evolution of the plot with its previous history (Lower Middle Age forge), origin and architectural recreation of the palace built by the Velasco family at the beginning of the 17th century.
Desde el País Vasco a Latinoamérica. Tres pintoras en el exilio americano
Authors: Lekuona Mariscal Ane
Published: April 2022

El artículo estudia el exilio en tierras latinoamericanas de las pintoras Karle Garmendia, Mari Paz Jiménez y Regina Raull. Pese a que el contexto y la vivencia de cada una fueran muy diferentes, a partir de estas historias de vida se analiza la forma en que el cambio de lugar y de cultura influyó en sus producciones, así como en la carrera artística de cada una. Asimismo, se reflexiona sobre la falta de atención que han recibido por parte de la historiografía.
El cine sobre ETA para una buena educación. Llorar, reír y aprender en las aulas.
Authors: Marañón Igor Barrenetxea
Published: April 2022

Resumen. Este artículo aborda la relevancia que cobra la conexión entre las relaciones historia y cine, y cómo este vínculo ayuda al tratamiento de temas educativos complejos y delicados en el aula, como es la historia de la organización terrorista ETA y sus terribles efectos en la sociedad, más concretamente, en los afectados. No hay duda de que el cine es capaz de mostrarnos en vivo la descarnada realidad de los atentados pero, sobre todo, nos ayuda a encarar con éxito la desmitificación de la vida terrorista y la dignificación del papel de las víctimas. Y tratar tales imágenes, desde el aula, es esencial para exorcizar sus fantasmas y desarrollar una conciencia ética adecuada y coherente con los valores de nuestra sociedad democrática.
El laberinto de la representación
Authors: Logroño Zubillaga José María
Published: April 2022

Es reseña de:  El laberinto de la representación : partidos y políticas en el País Vasco y Navarra (1875-2020) [de] Coro Pobes Rubio (dir.)
Comparative Effects of Static Stretching versus Stretching with Traction on Hamstrings Flexibility in Patients with Backache; A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nasir Rashid Hafeez , Tabassum Rabia , Anwar Sahreen , Chaudary Muqadas , Mukhtar Tahreem , Parveen Wajida
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background: Patients with lower backache commonly complain of hamstrings tightness which is responsible for altering biomechanics of the lower limb and spine. Reduced muscular flexibility affects the functional capacity of an individual and also damages the musculoskeletal system as a result of overuse. Objective: The objective is to compare the effects of static stretching versus stretching with traction on hamstrings flexibility in patients with backache. Methods: A single-blinded, controlled trial was conducted on 44 subjects who presented with primary complaints of back pain, hamstrings tightness and pain/tenderness in the back of the thigh. Group A was treated with static stretching and Group B with stretching with traction (Mulligan). Straight leg raise, 90-90 test, and visual analogue scale were used to calculate the scores in the two groups. An independent t-test was calculated to measure the difference between the treatment outcomes of the two groups while paired sample t-test was used to measure the differences within the groups. Results: Both groups showed significant results with both tests and pain scores. When both the groups were compared, stretching with traction showed a significant difference from static stretching in relieving hamstrings tightness in patients with backache. Conclusion: Stretching of hamstrings with traction is found to be a significant treatment option as compared to static stretching as the participants showed a significant difference in outcome measures in relieving hamstrings tightness in patients having backache. *Corresponding Author: Sahreen Anwar, Independent Medical College, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Email: sahreenanwar@yahoo.com

Citation: Nasir R.H., R. Tabassum, S. Anwar, M. Chaudhary, T. Mukhtar, W. Parveen. 2021. Comparative effects of static stretching versus stretching with traction on hamstrings flexibility in patients with backache; a randomized controlled trial. The Healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, 1(1):2-8.
Awareness about the Role of Physical Therapy in Post-Partum Females among Gynecologists
Authors: Nazar Ghania
Published: April 2022

Abstract

 

Background: The role of physiotherapy in obstetrics and gynecology that includes gestation period, childbirth, and antenatal and postnatal care is important. It is essential to create awareness about physiotherapy in hospital setups among gynecologists to provide better health care services to females. Objective: To assess awareness among gynecologists regarding the role of physical therapy in post-partum females. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted six months after the approval of the synopsis from September 2020 to January 2021. Data were collected from 75 gynecologists of Lahore and Sahiwal using non-probability convenient sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used to take data from gynecologists after taking written consent from the participants. Using SPSS version 21, descriptive statistics like frequency and percentage were calculated for categorical variables. For quantitative data, means and standard deviations were estimated. Results: It was shown that postpartum physical therapy services were known to 57(76%) of gynecologists. Among them, 11(14.7%) gynecologists do refer patients, 14(18.7%) do not refer at all, 28(37.3%) refer when required, and 22(29.3%) refer clients very rarely to the physiotherapy department. Conclusion: It was concluded that the majority of the gynecologists were aware of postpartum physical therapy for women. But there is a lack of referral systems in our settings because they do not have any proper gynecological physiotherapy settings affiliated with them. Only a few gynecologists refer patients for Physiotherapy services.

*Corresponding Author: Ghania Nazar, University Institute of Physical Therapy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan, Email: ghanianazar555@gmail.com

Citation: Ghania Nazar. 2021. Awareness about the role of physical therapy in post-partum females among gynecologists. The Healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, 1(1):21-26.
Evidence-Based Physical Therapy
Authors: Fatima Arooj
Published: April 2022

In the domain of physical therapy, the prime emphasis of preliminary treatment is the physical and physiological outcome of the disorder and the patient’s interventions.  Physical therapy is mainly based on the identification and increasing the movement potential in the domains of promotion, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation. Physical therapy is based on practice in a wide range of inpatients, outpatients, and depends on community-based setups like clinics and centers with palliative care whereby the member of a multidisciplinary team of patient care, conveys the physical and functional extents of patients’ diseases.
Impact of Part-Time Employment on Students Learning at Secondary School Level in Swabi
Authors: Sadiq Burhan
Published: April 2022

Students in Swabi's secondary schools were the focus of this study, which examined the impact of part-time employment on their academic performance. The study's goals were to identify the factors that lead to students working part-time, and to examine the effect that part-time employment has on students' academic performance. �All secondary school students at Government High School serving as a part-time employer in different institution constituted the population of the study. Out of total population 100 students were randomly selected from 10 Government High Schools of district Swabi. To collect data from the respondents, a closed ended questionnaire containing 10 items based on Likert scale was developed with the consultation of the supervisor in relation to the objective of the subject. The collected data was presented in tabulated form. Frequency and percentage were used as statistical tool to analyzed data. Finding of the study revealed that Majority of the respondents agreed that poverty leads to increases part-time employment among students. Most of the participants agreed that due to broken families the ratio of part-time employment increases. Maximum number of the respondents believed that parental demise leads to increase part-time employment among students. Majority of the participants agreed that parental negligence leads to increase part-time employment among students. More than half of the subjects agreed that population leads to cause part-time employment among students.
Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Scope and Challenges
Authors: Chaudhry Mahnoor
Published: April 2022

Artificial intelligence is the latest emerging field of engineering. It aims at revolutionizing the technological world. In this article, I will discuss the scope of artificial intelligence in health care. There are numerous types of artificial intelligence technologies. I will briefly talk about the technologies that are most relevant to health care in hospital settings. Then I will discuss the implication of this technology on various levels in the department i.e administration, intervention, clinical decision making, and patients monitoring. Furthermore, I will mention some of the future plans for improving and implementing this technology. Finally, I will write about some of the challenges that come in the way of implementing the technology.
The Current Dynamics of Us-China Trade and its Implications for the Developing Countries
Authors: Mushtaq Atif
Published: April 2022

There has been a lot of acclaim for Presidents Trump and Xi Jinping's strong friendship, as well as support for improving US-Chinese relations. Both leaders can take a variety of steps to safeguard their connections without jeopardising their stated objectives. The causes for the worsening of relations are a source of contention between the two countries. Frustration is growing in the United States as a result of China's apparent disregard for international pleas for Beijing to change its unfair economic practises. Due to the worsening of relations between the two countries, both leaders must make a decision. By portraying the other as the problem, they can achieve their short-term political objectives. The most effective way for Washington to influence how Beijing frames its interests is through regular meetings between leaders. Preventing an unforeseen escalation in tensions may be a major priority for both presidents. Assume that neither side sees an advantage in starting a dispute with the other to reduce the chance of escalation. As a result, the scope of this work is somewhat constrained. That is the goal of this report: to identify tangible initiatives that both governments may take to stabilise their bilateral relationship and avoid a Cold War-style rivalry that benefits neither side but costs both a lot of money. Antagonizing each other in this way increases the potential of conflict and obstructs efforts to address shared problems.
Factors affecting Students' English Speaking Skills at Secondary School Level
Authors: Hayat Fazal
Published: April 2022

'Factors Affecting Students' English-Speaking Skills at Secondary School Level' is the topic I've chosen for my research. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influence students' English speaking skills at the secondary school level, to emphasise the importance of the direct method on oral reading fluency, to identify the problems that English teachers face at the secondary school level, and to provide a foundation for students to improve their English speaking skills. All of the teachers and students in the 48 government girl's high schools in the district of Swabi. The study sample consisted of 10 teachers and 100 students drawn at random from the whole population. One instructor and ten students were chosen at random. With the support of a supervisor and after a thorough review of pertinent literature, a close end questionnaire based on a Likert scale with 20 items for teachers and another questionnaire with 20 items for students was developed. We can deduce from the statistics that English is used as a medium of instruction by the majority of teachers. The students have the same reaction. Teachers rarely employ audiovisual resources to improve their students' speaking abilities. Teachers do not communicate with one another in English. In class, the majority of professors adopt an interactive style. For the most part, teachers instruct in their home tongue. All of the teachers believe that English is a useful language and that teaching English is not a burden. However, the institution does not provide English language training or activities.
Telemedicine: Implementation, Challenges and Opportunities in the Global World
Authors: Amjad Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Medical service is one of the most important policies, and every country's population requires adequate medical care. There are three major roadblocks that prohibit people from receiving good medical treatment and care. First, there is a shortage of medical personnel, particularly physicians, which occurs even in rich countries. Second, a key demographic issue, an increase in the number of people living in poverty, Finally, geographical component also plays a key impact in healthcare inequity. People who live in rural or isolated places have a hard time getting good medical care. Information and communication technology have evolved into a critical infrastructure upon which other areas can construct more effective solutions. Integrating such technologies into the medical field is a huge step forward. As a result, telemedicine is now available all over the world. Based on existing studies and implementations, this article analyses telemedicine in three important aspects: current state, obstacles, and potential.
Factor Motivating Teachers to Teaching Profession at Secondary School Level
Authors: Begum Zahanat
Published: April 2022

Factors motivating teachers to teaching profession was the researcher area of interest. Objectives of the study were to identify the intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors that motivation teachers to teaching profession. Out 485 female secondary school teachers one hundred teachers were randomly selected. Closed ended questionnaire was developed. Collected data were analyzed through percentage. Findings of the study conclude that majority of the respondents were agreed that democratic attitude of Head of the institution serves as a motivational factor for teacher toward teaching profession. Most of the respondents viewed that students' interest and supporting attitude serves as a motivational factor for teachers toward teaching profession. Maximum respondents were agreed that recognition of work serves best to motivate teachers toward teaching profession. Large percentage respondents were agreed conducive work environment serves as a motivational factor for teachers in teaching learning process. Majority respondents were agreed that fame and Respect in Society motivate teachers toward teaching profession. Most of respondents were agreed with statement that, the financial support (Salary) motivates teachers toward teaching profession. Maximum respondents were agreed that pension and gratuity motivate teachers towards teaching profession. Several respondents were agreed with statement that Mentoring provides significant motivations to teacher. Many respondents were agreed that different teaching allowances motivates teacher toward teaching profession. Most of respondents were agreed with statement that Promotion from rank to rank motivate teacher to his profession.