bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Origin of Brines from the Bakken-Three Forks Petroleum System in the Williston Basin, USA
Authors: Peterman Zell , Thamke Joanna , Futa Kiyoto , Oliver Thomas
Published: February 2019

Brine (also referred to as ‘produced water’) samples were collected from 28 wells producing oil from the Late Devonian-Early Mississippian Bakken and Three Forks Formations in the Williston Basin of eastern Montana and western North Dakota. The samples were analyzed for major ions, trace metals, stable isotopes, and strontium isotopes. The brines in these formations are highly saline with total dissolved solids averaging 308 g/L, almost ten times the salinity of modern seawater. Relative to modern seawater, the brines are enriched approximately 10 to 20 times in [Na], [K], [Cl], and [Br]. Greater enrichments of 100 to 400 times in [Li], [B], [Sr] and [Rb], and 2,000 to 10,000 times in [Cs] and [Ba] are probably due to water-rock interaction (WRI). WRI is further indicated by 87Sr/86Sr values typically between 0.710 and 0.711—considerably larger than marine values of 0.7081 to 0.7083 during this depositional interval. Bakken Formation sediments were deposited in a stratified water column with salinity increasing with depth. The deeper water may have been saturated in calcium carbonate and possibly gypsum, but there is no evidence that halite saturation had been attained. Therefore, brines may have been introduced into the Bakken Formation from the underlying Devonian Prairie Formation or from the overlying Charles Formation before these brines were diluted or replaced by meteoric water. Alternatively, salinity of the native pore water was increased by membrane filtration driven by overpressuring within the Bakken Formation.
Hanna of Wyoming—The Rockies’ Deepest Basin
Authors: Matson Roger , Magathan Jack
Published: February 2019

The Hanna Basin is one of the world’s deeper intracratonic depressions. It contains exceptionally thick sequences of mature, hydrocarbon-rich Paleozoic through Eocene rocks and has the requisite structural and depositional history to be a significant petroleum province. The Tertiary Hanna and Ferris formations consist of up to 20,000 ft of organic-rich lacustrine shale, shaly mudstone, coal, and fluvial sandstone. The Upper Cretaceous Medicine Bow, Lewis, and Mesaverde formations consist of up to 10,000 ft of marine and nonmarine organic-rich shale enclosing multiple stacked beds of hydrocarbon-bearing sandstone. Significant shows of oil and gas in Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene rocks occur in the basin. Structural prospecting should be most fruitful around the edges where Laramide flank structures were created by out-of-the-basin thrust faults resulting from deformation of the basin’s unique 50-mile wide by 9-mile deep sediment package. Strata along the northern margin of the basin were compressed into conventional anticlinal folds by southward forces emanating from Emigrant Trail-Granite Mountains overthrusting. Oil and gas from Pennsylvanian to Upper Cretaceous aged rocks have been found in such structures near the Hanna Basin. Only seven wells have successfully probed the deeper part of the Hanna Basin (not including Anadarko’s #172 Durante lost hole, Sec. 17, T22N, R82W, lost in 2004, hopelessly stuck at 19,700 ft, unlogged and untested). Two of these wells tested gas at commercial rates from Upper Cretaceous rocks at depths of 10,000 to 12,000 ft. Sparse drilling along the Hanna Basin’s flanks has also revealed structures from 3,000 to 7,000 feet deep which yielded significant shows of oil and gas.
Geochemical and micropaleontological evidence of paleoenvironmental change in the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway from the Niobrara to the Pierre Shale Formation
Authors: Timm Kira , Sonnenberg Stephen
Published: February 2019

Deposition of the Upper Cretaceous Niobrara Formation and overlying Sharon Springs Member of the Pierre Shale occurred during transgressive phases within the Western Interior Cretaceous (WIC) Seaway, however their respective geochemical and biological differences are significant. The Niobrara Formation is an alternating calcareous chalk/marl system, biologically defined by fecal pellets and robust foraminifers including Heterohelix globulosa, Globigerinelloides ultramicrus, Hedbergella, Giimbelina and two Archaeoglobigerina species. However, the Sharon Springs is primarily argillaceous in composition with lesser amounts of biogenic calcite and silica. Larger foraminifers within the Sharon Springs are primarily arenaceous whereas foraminifers of the same species found in the Niobrara are dwarfed in the Sharon Springs. Dwarfism of foraminifers species and the presence of dispersed diatoms, which flourish in cold waters, indicate a shift in paleocurrents. Deposition of the Niobrara occurred during times when warm Gulfian currents allowed for carbonate production through the Early Campanian. Paleogeographic maps of the Middle Campanian indicate a southerly restriction of the WIC during the time of the southerly Claggett Transgression. The influx of cold, southerly waters resulted in an environment conducive to diatoms and environmentally stressful to foraminifers. Lithological and geochemical evidence from the Sharon Springs indicates that the cold-water Claggett Transgression resulted in a stratified water column in the middle of the WIC as well as increased organic matter production. Petrographic analysis of preserved organic matter show clumped floccules or flattened amalgamations of floccules in laminated facies. While dispersed amorphous organic matter is also present, flocculation had a major influence on organic matter preservation. Two possible depositional mechanisms, each dependent on water density, probably produced these water conditions. If density contrasts existed between the cold water influx and the warm waters present during the deposition of the Niobrara, the cold waters would have progressed along the bottom of the basin leading to upwelling along the basin margin and basin stratification. If no significant density contrast existed, caballing would occur at the mixing front, leading to downwelling, rapid transport of organic matter to the sea floor, better organic matter preservation and basin stratification.
Editorial
Authors: Schäfer Dagmar
Published: February 2019

How important are regional foci in a world that is defined by transfers and
mobilities? This issue of Transfers features a special section that addresses this
question and provides varied answers on the role regions play in the understanding
of modernity, power, and practices of moving. The call for the special
section, “Asia on the Move,” went out in spring 2017. Since then, questions of
mobilities, migration, and transfers have not only gained increasing attention
and importance, they have also been met with resistance by local groups, in
politics and social development—often, in the global point of view, from quite
unexpected directions, as in the case of Myanmar and Rohinga migration in
2018.
Taking the Road for Play
Authors: Carruthers Ashley
Published: February 2019

After declining in status and mode share sharply with the popularization of the
motorcycle, cycling in Vietnam is on the rise. Urban elites who pursue sport
and leisure cycling are the most visible of Vietnam’s new cyclists, and they
bring their sense of social mastery out onto the road with them by appropriating
the nation’s new, automobile-focused infrastructures as places for play and
display. While motivated by self-interest, their informal activism around securing
bicycle access to new bridges and highways potentially benefits all and
contributes to making livable cities. These socially elite cyclists transcend the
status associated with their means of mobility as they enact their mastery over
automobile infrastructures meant to usher in a new Vietnamese automobility.
Book Reviews
Authors: Ficek Rosa E. , Lan Shanshan , Nkwi Walter Gam , Walker Sarah , Soto Villagrán Paula
Published: February 2019

Decentering the State in Automobility Regimes

Kurt Beck, Gabriel Klaeger, and Michael Stasik, eds., The Making of an African Road (Leiden: Brill, 2017), 278 pp., 34 illustrations, $78 (paperback)

Understanding Globalization from Below in China

Gordon Mathews, with Linessa Dan Lin and Yang Yang, The World in Guangzhou: Africans and Other Foreigners in South China’s Global Marketplace (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017), 256 pp., $27.50 (paperback)

Rethinking Mobility and Innovation: African Perspectives

Clapperton Chakanetsa Mavhunga, ed., What Do Science, Technology, and
Innovation Mean from Africa? (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2017), 256 pp., 25
black-and-white illustrations, $36 (paperback)

When Is a Crisis Not a Crisis? The Illegalization of Mobility in Europe

Nicholas De Genova, ed., The Borders of “Europe”: Autonomy of Migration,
Tactics of Bordering (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2017), 376 pp.,
$27.95 (paperback)

City, Mobility, and Insecurity: A Mobile Ethnography of Beirut

Kristin V. Monroe, The Insecure City: Space, Power, and Mobility in Beirut
(New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2016), 204 pp., 7 photographs,
$27.95 (paperback)
Voicing Critical Pedagogy in Academic Discourse: Exploring Power Structures through Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Awan Nazakat , Safiullah Muhammad , Ali Akbar
Published: February 2019

Friere’s (1970) notion of critical pedagogy empowers marginalized section of educative practices. Neutral education process guarantees autonomy of learners and effective pedagogy. The paper uses this approach to critically investigate academic discourse. It was hypothesized that there were power structures and ideological underpinnings in academic discourse distorting the notion of critical pedagogy. The students instead of harboring reflexivity and performing as co-workers bank upon whatever is deposited in their minds by their mentors. The study was limited to written academic texts in various universities. The academic texts were investigated in the light of one of CDA strategies. Textual analysis helped investigating power structures formed implicitly by nexus of forces which perpetuate nexus of domination. These findings were revealed in different shapes which were exposed with the help of relevant CDA tools. The study offers an important dimension of Pakistani academic discourse for future researches.
The Effectiveness of CLT in the ESL Context of Pakistan
Authors: Khan Arshad Ali , Ahmad Hussain , Shah Sayyed Rashid Ali
Published: February 2019

The study investigates the effectiveness of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in Public sector colleges of Pakistan. The experimental study traces improvement in comprehension and writing skills of intermediate level students (studying in grades 11 and 12). An experiment group and a control group are used to study the effects of CLT on learners’ progress. A pre-test and post-test are carried out to measure any improvement in the students’ cognitive learning process. The experiment group is given treatment through vigorous intervention of CLT based activities. The control group is taught through the traditional method of GTM. The data collected from the two groups are analyzed using SPSS. The results show a significant improvement in the learning process, comprehension and writing skills of the students in the experiment group. The analysis proves the appropriateness of CLT for Pakistani ESL context.
A Lacanian Reading of Human Psyche in the Poetry of John Keats and Faiz Ahmad Faiz
Authors: Naqi Ali , Jadoon Aisha , Ahmed Fasih
Published: February 2019

Romantic poetry, as an expression of the conscious and unconscious sentiments of the individual, holds a significant potential to be analysed for psychological contents. Such a view would reveal the personal life and psychological status of the poets. Therefore, the present paper concentrates on the Lacanian reading of the poetry of John Keats and Faiz Ahmad Faiz: the two major romantic poets of two different eras. Lacan divides the development of human psyche into three different stages i.e. ‘imaginary order’, ‘symbolic order’ and ‘real order’ While focusing on the ‘imaginary order’ and ‘symbolic order’, this comparative study intends highlighting the similar psychological states of the two poets as expressed in their poetry.
Writing a Critical Review of Literature: A Practical Guide for English Graduate Students
Authors: Shah Sayyed Rashid , Ahmed Fasih , Khan Reena
Published: February 2019

As an integral part of dissertations and theses, research scholars in different disciplines require to write a comprehensive chapter on "literature review" that establishes the conceptual and theoretical foundations of an empirical research study. This, however, poses an intellectual challenge to produce a critical review of the published research on a given topic. Therefore, this paper addresses the students problems of writing the literature review in a thesis or dissertation at the graduate and postgraduate levels. It explains the process and steps of reviewing literature for a thesis chapter. These steps include; a) critical reading and note-taking, b) writing a summary of the reviewed literature, c) organization of literature review, and d) the use of a synthesis matrix. The last part of the paper offers suggestions on how to write critically and make the researcher's voice explicit in the chapter.
Surgical Treatment in Bronchiectasis: Analysis of Our Patients.
Authors: Gradica Fadil , Lisha Lutfi , Argjiri Dhimitraq , Kokici Fahri , Cani Alma , Gradica Flora , Perduka Zef
Published: February 2019

Background: Bronchiectasis is usually caused by pulmonary infections and bronchial obstructions. It is still a serious problem in developing countries, as our country. We reviewed the morbidity and mortal-ity rates and outcomes of bronchiectasis surgical treatment.
Patients and methods: Between years 2000 and 2016, one hundred and seven (107) patients, sixty nine (69) of whom female and thirty eight (38) male underwent pulmonary resection for bronchiecta-sis. The mean age was 35years (range, 13–66 years). Mean duration of symptoms was 12 years.
Results: Symptoms were copious amount of purulent sputum in 84 patients, expectoration of foul-smelling sputum in 72, haemoptysis in 21 and cough in all patients. The indications for pulmonary resection were: medical therapy failure in eighty two (82) patients, massive haemoptysis in eighteen
and lung abscess in seven (7) patients. The disease was bilateral in twenty seven (27) patients and mainly confined in the lower lobe. Eighty six (86) patients had a lobectomy, 7 had a segmentectomy, two patients right pneumonectomy. Operative morbidity was seen in 47 patients (43.9 %) and mor-tality in two (2) patients. Follow-up was complete in 97 patients with a mean of 5 years. Overall, 78 patients were asymptomatic after surgical treatment; symptoms were improved in 24, and unchanged or worse in 5.
Conclusions: Surgical treatment of bronchiectasis is more effective in patient with localized disease. It is satisfactory with acceptable ratio of morbidity and mortality.
Synthesis and study on rheological behavior of polystyrene/graphene oxide nanocomposites
Authors: Mai Tam Thanh , Le Linh Pham Duy , Ha Nhan Thuc Chi , Ha Huy Thuc
Published: February 2019

Polymer nanocomposites reinforced by graphene oxide is one of the new research and developed from 2005 up to date. In this study, we had successfully fabricated polystyrene/graphene oxide nanocomposite by solution-based method. Graphite oxide was synthesized by the method of Hummers and exfoliated in solvent under the effect of ultrasound. The thermal and mechanical properties of PS/RGO nanocomposites were superitor to original polystyrene. In addition, our research has focused on the effect of graphene oxide to the rheological properties of polystyrene – one of the most important properties of polymer materials.
AYAT-AYAT PIDANA DALAM AL-QUR'AN
Authors: MUSLICH A. WARDI
Published: February 2019

Dalam hukum pidana positif, yang menjadi sumber hukum adalah undang­undang, sedangkan dalam hukum Islam, sumbernya adalah al-Qur'an dan-Sunnah Rasul. Al-Qur'an sebagai sumber hukum berisi ayat-ayat yang mengatur berbagai bidang hukum, termasuk bidang pidana. Dari 6.234 ayat al-Qur'an yang diduga berkaitan dengan masalah pidana hanya 90 ayat, atau 1,45%. Di antara 90 ayat pidana tersebut, sebagian berisi prinsip-prinsip hukum, yaitu 26 ayat, sebagian berisi sanksi hukum, yaitu 11 ayat, dan sebagian lagi hanya berisi larangan (tindak pidana), tanpa disertai dengan sanksi hukumnya. Bagian yang terakhir ini, sebagian ada yang hukumannya ditetapkan oleb Rasul, dan sebagian lagi penetapannya sepenuhnya diserahkan kepada Ulil Amri (pemerintah). ltulah sebabnya tindak pidana yang terdapat dalam al-Qur'an itu dapat dikelompokan menjadi tiga bagian (1) Jarimah hudud, yaitu jarimah yang hukumannya secara eksplisit disebutkan dalam Al-Qur'an, (2) Jarimah Syibh al-Hudud, yaitu jarimah yang ketentuanya disebutkan dalam al-Qur'an, tetapi sanksinya ditetapkan oleh Rasul, dan (3) Jarimah ghair al-Hudud yaitu Jarimah yang ketentuan larangannya disebutkan Qur'an maupun Sunnah. Kewenangan untukk menetapkan hukuman dalam jarimah jenis ketiga ini diserahkan kepada UIil Amri.Key words: Ayat Pidana, Jarimah, Hudud, Ta’zir, Qishash.
MUHAMMAD RASYID RIDHA: SEJARAH DAN PEMIKIRANNYA
Authors: Iman Fauzul
Published: February 2019

Abad ke-19 yang merupakan abad kebangkitan industri di dunia Barat telah memunculkan respon baru terutama bagi dunia pemikiran Islam. Respon itu muncul sebagai reaksi intelektual atas kematian panjang umat Islam dari kejayaan masa silam yang telah tercapai. Kejayaan silam bagi umat Islam boleh dicatat telah merekam dinamika historis yang sangat spektakuler, bahkan pernah menjadi buaian nostalgia yang tidak menguntungkan umat.Munculnya abad kebangkitan industri seolah-olah menjadi pukulan berat bagi umat Islam untuk menggugah kesadaran umat dari kemunduran. Kondisi umat Islam saat ini memang sangat kontras dengan kemajuan yang dicapai Barat dalam abad kebangkitan Islam. Umat Islam di zaman ini tidak lagi jaya seperti dulu.Dahulu umat Islammenggunakan akal atau nalarnya yang bersumber dari Al-Qur’an dan Hadis untuk menggugah kemajuan. Tapi kini terjerat di alam ketumpulan akal dengan mencintai tahayul, khurafat dan membenci kemajuan. Sementara yang paling kritis dialami umat Islam adalah belum menghilangnya situasi pembenaran terhadap adanya klaim ijtihad tertutup.Dalam situasi inilah, lahir para pembaharu yang menggugah pentingnya merumuskan kembali pemikiran keagamaan yang sejalan dengan perkembangan zaman. Dengan kata lain, ijtihad harus dibuka kembali sebagai satu-satunya metode yang dapat mengentaskan kebekuan umat berhadapan dengan dinamika dan komplekitas perubahan zaman.Rasyird Ridha adalah salah satu pembahau/pemikir Islam yang sangat tangguh dan gigih mendengungkan kembali peran ijtihad. Ia dalam tulisannya menyoroti pentingnya akal diperankan untuk membuktikan keunggulan syari'ah Islam di atas hukum Barat. Menurut Rasyid Ridha, umat Islam dengan akalnya tidak boleh taklid (terikat) membabi-buta pada pikiran orang lain, tetapi juga harus toleran (terbuka) menggali dan mnyerapi pemikiran orang lain tanpa melakukan liberalisasi. Dengan pengaruh umat Islam akan mampu mengejar kemajuan, seperti yang dialami dahulu.Kata Kunci : Rarsid Ridha, Metode Pemikiran, Qur'an, hadits.
THE SECRET OF THE SELF
Authors: Ma'mur Ilzamuddin
Published: February 2019

Muhammad Iqbal selain dikenal sebagai sorang pemikir Islam liberal di dunia Islam, ia juga dikenal sebagai sorang pujangga-filosuf yang karya-karyanya banyak dibaca dan dikaji orang. Di antara karya sasteranya adalah The Secret of the Self yang dijadikan sasran pembahasan dengan pendekatan stilistika, bukan kritik sastera. Kendati kedua pendekatan ini bisa digunakan untuk menilai sebuah karya sastra, namun tulisan ini dibatasi dengan hanya menerapkan analisa stilistika.Puisi Iqbal yang terkandung dalam buku tersebut merupakan puisi­ puisi filsafat keagamaan. Kendati puisi terpilih terdiri dari tiga puisi, namun pada dasarnya semuanya merupakan satu-kesatuan. Puisi-puisi tersebut yang menggunakan struktur pemyataan, pertanyaan dan perintah dengan pemilihan kata simbolis, menggambarkan tahap·an pertumbuhan dan pelatihan spiritual manusia untuk mencapai tahapan tertinggi yang disebutnya dengan insan kamil.Kata kunci: Stilistika, puisi, pengajaran bahasa, filsafat, dan insan kamil.
PENINGKATAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA DAN PENGUATAN KESATUAN BANGSA
Authors: Hudori H.M.
Published: February 2019

Munculnya konflik- konflik sosialyang berbau SARA di beberapa wilayah Indonesia seperti Ambon, Kupang dan Pontianak serta semakin merebaknya, peredaran dan penggunaan Narkoba di kalangan remaja, membuat banyak orang mempertanyakan tentang efektivitas pendidikan agama yang selama ini diajarkan di sekolah-sekolah. Pengajaran agama yang selama ini diberikan justru memperkuat rasa eksklusivitas tiap kelompok agama sehingga menimbulkan radikalisme agama. Hal ini tentutnya justru melemahkan rasa persatuan dan kesatuan antar umat beragama sebagai bangsa Indonesia.Dalam umat Islam sendiri muncul beberapa gerakan radikalisme, yakni: ekstrim kanan, yang mempunyai tujuan membentuk negara yang berideologikan agama (Islam) dengan cara-cara kekerasan (pemberontakan; dan ekstrim kiri, yakni golongan yang ada dalam maryarakat yang bertujuan menggantikan ideologi negara dengan paham Marxis-Leninis untuk membentuk negara yang memiliki paham komunis.Dalam menghadapi persoalan tersebut, maka dibutuhkan solusi yang tepat. Menurut penulis, langkah-langkah solusi tersebut adalah: meningkatkan pemahaman   agama  dan  menjalin  hubungan   harmonis  antar  umat  keragama, meningkatkan kompetensi   pendidik, memperbaiki kesejahteraan pendidik, mengatasi keterbatasan tenaga didik (guru), menyempurnakan materi pendidikan agama dan menambah sarana dan prasarana pembelajaran.               Kata Kunci: Problem Umat, Ekstrim Kanan, Ekstrim Kiri, Mutu Pendidikan
FUNGSI DAN PEMANFAATAN LAB. IPA PADA MTsN DI PANDEGLANG DAN SERANG
Authors: Sukardji H. K.
Published: February 2019

Penemuan baru dalam masalah ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi telah . membawa kemajuan besar dalam bidang pendidikan. Kemajuan itu tidak hanya dalam hal kurikulum, organisasi dan pembelajaran. Sekolah-sekolah yang maju pada umumnya menggunakan alat-alat bantu pembelajaran yang relevan dengan materi pelalaran yang diproseskan kepada anak didik. Pemerintah, dalam hal ini Departemen Agama mempunyai perhatian cukup besar terhadap madrasah. Salah satu, wujud perhatian Departemen Agama terhadap madrasah adalah pengadaan Laboratorium IPA (Fisika dan Biologi) untuk Madrasah Tsanawiyah.Madrasah   Tsanawiyah   Negeri  (MTsN),   baik  yang  berstatus. Model ataupun Non Model hampir seluruhnya telah memiliki peralatan Laboratorium IPA (Fisika dan Biologi) yang diperoleh dari Departemen Agama Pusat. Peralatan Laboratorium IPA untuk MTs itu pengadaamrya telah dimulai sejak tahun 1995. Dalam pemberian peralatan Laboralorium IPA itu, antara MTsN Model dan MTsN Non Model kondisinya agak berbeda. Peralalan laboratorium IPA untuk MTsN Model kuantitasnya lebih memadai, sehingga jumlahnya lebih mencukupi dari pada MTsN Non Model. Dari sejumlah MTs Model dan Non Model yang ada di negara kita yang telah memperoleh peralatan Laboratorium IPA dari Departemen Agama RI adalah MTsN 1 Serang dan MTsN Model Padarincang yang kedua-duanya berada di Kabupaten Serang dan MTsN Model di Kadulisung serta MTsN di Munjul yang kedua-duanya berada di Kabupaten Pandeglang.Walaupun data MTsN model dan dua MTsN Non Model yang ada pada dua kabupaten itu telah memiliki peralatan Laboratorium IPA (Fisika dan Biologi), tetapi pemfungsian dan pemanfaataannya dalam upaya peningkatan prestasi belajar siswa dalam mata pelajaran Fisika dau Biologi itu belum dikethui dengan pasti. Itulahyang melatarbelakangi studi evaluasi ini dilakukan.Kata Kunci: Laboratolium PAI, MTsN Model.
PENGARUH ISLAM TERHADAP KEKUASAAN POLITIK DI INDONESIA
Authors: Baihaqi Wazin
Published: February 2019

Ada tiga fase perkembangan Islam yang dijelaskan dalam tulisan ini. Pertama tetang masuknya Islam ke Indonesia. Pada fase ini Islam sebagai sebuah ide baru di Nusantara mendapatkan tempatnya tidak hanya sebagai agama yang kemudian dianut oleh penduduk asli, tetapi juga mengubah lembaga politik yang semula berbentuk kerajaan bercorak Hindu menjadi bentuk kerajaan yang bercorak Islam.

Fase kedua tentang bagaimana Islam bereaksi terhadap kolonialisme yang masuk ke Indonesia. Perlawanan terhadap kolonialisme dilakukan oleh kelompok Islam selama 3,5 abad. Gerakan perlawanan yang semula bersifat sporadis kemudian berkembang menjadi gerakan politik yang lebih modern karena bangkitnya kesadaran dari kelompok terpelajar Islam yang disebut dengan urban Islam (Islam perkotaan). Di tengah kebijakan-kebijakan pemerintah Hindia Belanda yang menghambat perkembangan dan pelaksanaan syari'at Islam, kelompok Islam bersikap defensif (bertahan) dan bahkan terus berkembang higga Islam tetap sebagai agama mayoritas penduduk Indonesia.

Fase ketiga tentang bagaimana kelompok Islam bersikap pro aktif terhadap persiapan pembentukan negara pasca kemerdekaan. Para tokoh nasionalis islami berusaha untuk menetapkan Islam sebagai asas kehidupan bernegara dan berbangsa setelah pada akhirnya harus berkompromi dengan heterogintas masyarakat Indonesia.

Kata Kunci: Islam, Indonesia, politik, sejarah
FATWA POLITIK NAHDLATUL ULAMA
Authors: Kharlie Ahmad Tholabi
Published: February 2019

Konstelasi politik Nasional terasa menghangat pada dekade 1950-an ketika muncul sebuah terminnlogi fiqih siyasah yang cukup kontroversial, yakni Waliy al-Amr Dharuriy bi al-Syawkah yang lebih kurang berarti ''pejabat tertinggi negara untuk sementara, dengan kekuasaan efektif Terminologi ini mulai muncual dan menjadi bahan pembicaraan publik pada saat Konfrensi Alim Ulama (3-6 Maret 1954)yang diprakarsai Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) dan Departemen Agama Republik Indonesia.Pada intinya, fatwa ini berisi dukungan terhadap Presiden Soekarno yang mendapal gugatan dari kelompok '1slam Radikal" terutama menyangkut keabsahan (kegitimasi) kepemimpinannya dilihat dari persfektif potik keagamaan (Islam). Tak pelak, fatwa ini menuai kritik politis-pejoratif dan pandangan­pandangan miring serta menuding NU sebagai kelompok oportunis. Mereka menganggap NU telah mencampuradukkan dan 'menjual' agama demi kepentingan politik kelompoknya.Secara sosiologis, fenomena ini menarik diamati. Sebab, disinyalisasi akan dapat ditemukan berbagai kenyataan kemasyarakatan_yang dimungkinkan menjadi latar sehinnga memicu munculnya fatwa (politik keagamaan) ini, dengan menampik (sejenak) tudingan yang menyebut adanya indikasi politis kalangan NU. Maka dari titik inilah, tulisan ini berangkat.
RISK MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISE INNOVATION ACTIVITY
Authors: Pavlenko I.A. , Mironenko O.V.
Published: February 2019

For effective competition, entrepreneurial structures need to understand and take into account the specifics of innovation activity, which is conditioned by the influence of factors both on the external and on the internal environment of the enterprise. The article describes the existing risks of innovation activity and identifies the ways of their minimization and optimization.
DEVELOPMENT OF A BUSINESS PLAN IN THE FIELD OF SMALL ENTERPRISE: PROBLEMS AND FEATURES
Authors: Slynko O.Y.
Published: February 2019

The article considers the necessity and peculiarities of business plan development in the sphere of small business. It analyzes the problems faced by entrepreneurs in the business planning process. The author summarizes the main mistakes that occur in the course of business plan developing. Much attention is given to the necessity of business education for entrepreneurs in the region. In addition, the attempt is made to determine the directions of assistance provision to beginner entrepreneurs in the process of independent business plan developing.
Implementation Management of Traffic Ethics Education Policy Among High School Students in Indonesia
Authors: Dewi Utami , Rahayu Sugi , Suparmini Suparmini
Published: February 2019

Number of students as road accident victims due to human factors has been significantly increased every year. This research aims to examine the implementation management of traffic ethics education policy among high school students. This study employed mixed method, a combination of quantitative and qualitative research method. The population and sample are SMA students who ride motorcycles for their daily mobility. The sampling technique used is Multi-stage proportionate random sampling. By using Isaac and Michael formula, a minimum sample of 291 respondents was obtained. Data were collected through questionnaire, interviews, observation, focus group discussion (FGD) and documentation, while analysis was carried out in descriptive quantitative method. The research result showed that the traffic ethics education policies have been implemented well in Yogyakarta by applying well communication, disposition and bureaucratic. However, the lack of resources such as the absent of national curriculum on traffic ethics education (TEE), lack of safety road trainings for teachers and lack of families support, have limited the effectiveness of TEE in building students attitudes on using road and maintaining safety riding.
An Encounter of Diversity of Building Signage in Traditional Street Character at Melaka Historical Centre
Authors: Ja’afar Nor Haslina
Published: February 2019

Today, street functioning as social arena is less sensitive towards designing a continuity of building appearance in terms of building signage design, thus creating an unattractive setting. The design of building signage nowadays that does not consider the whole context of the street and human scale aspects has created a chaotic ambience. Thus, this paper will discuss the continuousness of building signage design that contributes to street character by referring to traditional street model. A mixed method employing questionnaire survey (n=330), in-depth interview with street users (n=21), content analysis of archival data, and a visual survey was adopted. This study has chosen the streets at Melaka Historical City Centre because they represent the local character. Those streets are Jalan Tukang Besi, Jalan Tukang Emas, and Jalan Tokong. The study shows the continuousness of building design created by the diversity of building signage, thus creating an attractive environment to consider in the new street design. This study concludes that the result acts as a benchmark for designing the future or existing street as a public space. The new street milieu portrays the spirit of a place and has a potential in the future tourism sector by attracting them to places with local character.
Sustainable Construction in Malaysian Mixed Development Projects: The Barriers and Critical Success Factors
Authors: Abu Bakar Nur Fatin Syazwani , Ismail Syuhaida , Che Amat Rohayah , Durdyev Serdar
Published: February 2019

Malaysia is in a need of commitment to more sustainable development, rather than a traditional approach ‘grow first, clean up later’ to ensure the protection of environment and not to compromise needs of future generations. Although initiatives for the environmental protection have been introduced in 1960s, they have yet to receive a sufficient level of adoption amongst the construction stakeholders in Malaysia. Therefore, via questionnaire surveys to 130 professionals involved in mixed development projects, this paper aims at investigating barriers to, and critical success factors (CSFs) of sustainable construction (SC) in the mixed development projects in Malaysia. The outcomes translated via the Relative Importance Index (RII) technique reveal that the most critical barriers are SC projects are expensive, unwillingness to change to SC and high cost in purchasing technology, the learning curve cost and employing skilled labour, whilst the most significant CSFs are initial investment, commitment for changing behaviours, policy implementation efforts, guidance for SC, available of technology and materials and project procurement system. This paper focuses on the implementation of SC in delivering mixed development projects in Malaysia that is in line with the Malaysian sustainability goal in adopting the sustainable consumption and production concept. This paper is promoting sustainable development overseen by Malaysia via discussion of the SC directions and practices in delivering the Malaysian mixed development project.
Las narrativas transmedia en el mercado audiovisual latino de Estados Unidos. Actores, contenidos y estrategias
Authors: Scolari Carlos A. , Piñón Juan
Published: February 2019

El artículo analiza la situación de las narrativas transmedia en la ficción latina en Estados Unidos. La investigación, de corte exploratorio, se centra en el mapeo de prácticas y en la identificación de patrones comunes en las estrategias transmedia, así como en los contenidos generados por sus fans. Se estudia además la emergencia de diferentes tipos de webnovelas y concluye reflexionando sobre la situación y posibilidades de la narrativa transmedia en la ficción latina.
Does the presence of independent directors reduce the
practices of earnings management? The moderating role of family ownership
concentration
Authors: Al-Deen Al-Sraheen Deaa , Ahmad Al Daoud Khaldoon
Published: February 2019

While often criticized, the independence of directors remains a crucial criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of the monitoring role of boards. This study examines the relationship between board independence and earnings management, paying attention to moderation role of family ownership concentration on this relationship using a sample of services companies listed on Amman Stock Exchange ASE. This study documented a significant and negative association between board independence and earnings management. In addition, the moderating role of family ownership concentration on this relationship was also negative. Thus, the board’s monitoring function was inefficient due to the concentration of ownership. These results were obtained through using multiple and sequential regression analysis for the research data from 2013 to 2016. This study provides new ideas for future research such as examining the impacts of the migration of capitals and investors from neighbouring countries such as Syria and Iraq.
A Hybrid Tabu Search-Based Artificial Immune Algorithm for Construction Site Layout Optimization
Authors: Quang Vu Duc , Truong Nguyen Van , Thuy Vu Thi , Huan Hoang Xuan
Published: February 2019

Layout of temporary facilities on a construction site is essential to enhance productivity and safety. It is a complex issue due to the unique nature of construction. This problem is validated as an NP-hard and one of the challenging problems in the field of construction management. In this paper, we proposed a hybrid algorithm, named topt-aiNet, to solve the construction site layout problem by combining the aiNet algorithm with Tabu search. Experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm outperformed the stateof-the-art ones. DOI: 10.32913/rd-ict.vol2.no15.470
Research of Neutron Characteristics of ChNPP RBMK-1000 in the Institute for Nuclear Research in Pre- and Post-Emergency Period: Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Khalimonchuk V. , Kuchin A. , Tokarevsky V.
Published: February 2019

The paper considers scientific and technical cooperation of the Institute for Nuclear Research of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR and Chornobyl NPP in the pre- and post-emergency period. The research presents the retrospective analysis of the software for RBMK-1000 safety analysis. Attention is paid to the need for safety analysis improvement by implementation of the latest software, and for creation of the scientific and research institute in Ukraine to address the whole spectrum of nuclear challenges.
On Geological and Geophysical Safety of the New Safe Confinement for ChNPP-4
Authors: Shestopalov V. , Shybetskyi Iu.
Published: February 2019

The paper considers evidences and mechanisms of potential impact of local depression (microgeodynamic) zones on NPP safety. The depression forms were revealed within the Chornobyl NPP site, including location of the new safe confinement. Nature of zones and character of their influence is determined by fault structures and conjugated deep degassing processes, which cannot be detected and studied by traditional methods of engineering and exploration works during NPP siting. The assumption was made that significant and still unexplored risks for nuclear facilities are related to probable release of deep hydrogen through the bottom of depressions along sub-bottom channels. The approaches were proposed to studying the system of “depression with its sub-bottom channel” within the sites of Chornobyl NPP and other nuclear power plants.
Cooling Period Calculation of Evolutionary Power Reactor Spent Fuel for Dry Management Safety
Authors: Youssef M. I. , Sultan G. F. , Hassan F. Morsi
Published: February 2019

The calculation of the evolutionary power reactor (EPR) spent fuel (SF) cooling period (CP) was performed. The CP was determined by comparing the heat load of a cask with the calculated value of EPR decay heat (DH). The EPR DH was calculated by the ORIGEN computer code based on the EPR parameters. For conservatively study, the EPR and ORIGEN parameters that lead to higher DH values were selected and safety margins were considered. The fitting tool was utilized in the calculation of CP to overcome the ORIGEN limitation. The resultant values of CP will maintain the peak cladding temperature (PCT) of SF lower than 400°C during storage, transport, and disposal. The results show that -for normal operation- the SF of EPR should stay in the pool at least 4.75 years before it is loaded to the passively cooled dry casks.
Urgent Problems in Thermal Physics of Design-Basis and Severe Accidents at Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Sharaievskii I. , Fialko N. , Nosovsky A. , Zimin L. , Sharaievskii G.
Published: February 2019

The paper considers thermal and physical aspects in dynamics of design-basis and severe accidents at water-cooled nuclear power reactors with nuclear fuel damage. The most promising concepts of the corium confinement in the damaged reactor were analyzed. The main objective was to define the main areas to search and implement methods of efficient and safe heat removal in progression of emergencies.
The State Scientific and Technical Center for Nuclear and Radiation Safety Experience and Prospects of Participation in the Euratom Research Programmes
Authors: Dubynskyi Ye. , Gumenyuk D. , Yesypenko Yu. , Shanchuk A.
Published: February 2019

Over recent years, many Ukrainian organisations have participated in the European projects in various fields of research and technology development. Ukraine has made significant steps to enter the European Research Area: in 2015, Ukraine has become an associated participant of the “Horizon 2020” programme of the European Union, and on 27 June 2016, the Agreement between the Government of Ukraine and the European Community on Atomic Energy on scientific and technological cooperation and the associated participation of Ukraine in the Euratom Research and Training Programme (2014—2018) has been signed. This paper briefly presents the experience and results of the SSTC NRS activities under the Euratom framework research programmes, as well as the near future prospects for the SSTC NRS involvement in the new European research projects.
The Analysis of Operational Events at Ukrainian NPPs during 2015 and the First Six Months of 2016
Authors: Nedbay S. , Vorontsov D. , Horpynchenko O. , Pecherytsia O.
Published: February 2019

The events that occurred at Ukrainian NPPs in 2015 and the first six months of 2016 have been analyzed in the areas that characterize operational safety.

The paper presents results of NPP operational events analysis carried out to identify common features and trends that indicate whether there were (or not) inconsistencies during investigation of events, and provides information on the current level of NPP safety. Negative trends have been determined for each NPP site that identify the areas to be improved and require control of the regulatory authority. Causes of negative trends are analyzed individually.

Events with common characteristics were evaluated, with the results to be used for the development and implementation of preventive measures to avoid the reoccurrence of such events. Safety-important areas have been determined for inspections and recommendations have been provided to the operator on the improvement of the operating experience feedback system and increase in the level of operational safety.
Overview of General Aspects in Using Different Types of Fuel Assemblies in VVER-1000 Mixed Fuel Loadings
Authors: Krytskyi V. , Mukha V. , Nosovsky A. , Pidhaietskyi T. , Pohonets O.
Published: February 2019

The paper presents the analysis of experience in using mixed fuel loadings at Ukrainian NPPs (those envisaging simultaneous use of fuel assemblies different in design and/or fuel structure in the core). The stated analysis was performed under implementation of the first stage of research program that envisages in-depth consideration of comprehensive safety analysis of mixed loadings in thermohydraulic, neutronic, mechanical and strength aspects of nuclear fuel operation. The paper formulates the tasks that will ensure reaching of the objective of the stated research program.
Analysis of Severe Accidents in Spent Fuel Pool of Fukushima Daiichi NPP Using MELCOR 1.8.6 Computer Code
Authors: Kotsuba O. , Vorobyov Yu. , Zhabin O. , Gumenyk D.
Published: February 2019

The paper presents specific approaches to modeling the spent fuel pool (SFP) of Fukushima Daiichi NPP and results of thermohydraulic calculations of severe accidents in SFP using MELCOR 1.8.6 computer code. The dynamics of main processes accompanying severe accident progression in SFP of such a type was defined based on computer analysis. Obtained results may be used to improve available SFP computer models to receive more reliable data on the progression of emergency processes in NPP SFPs.
ALARA Principle to Minimize Collective Dose in NPP Accident Management within the Containment
Authors: Bogorad V. , Slepchenko O. , Kyrylenko Yu.
Published: February 2019

The paper focuses on application of the ALARA principle to minimize the collective doses (both for NPP personnel and the public) related to admission of personnel to the containment for accident management activities and depending on operation of ventilation systems.

Results from assessment of radiation consequences are applied to a smallbreak LOCA with failure of LPIS at VVER-1000 reactors. The public doses are evaluated using up-to-date RODOS, MACCS and HotSpot software for assessment of radiation consequences. The personnel doses are evaluated with MicroShield and InterRAS codes. The time function and optimal value of the collective dose are defined.

The developed approach can be applied for minimization of the collective dose for optimization of accident management strategies at NPPs.
Proposals on Forming Criteria to Select Designs for New NPP Units in Ukraine
Authors: Vlasenko M. , Hodun O. , Shenderovych V.
Published: February 2019

According to the practice of assessing NPP units applying EUR criteria (European Utility Requirements) and IAEA Methodology INPRO (Innovation Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycle), the paper presents developed criteria for the assessment of NPP designs of various suppliers that are proposed to be implemented in Ukraine. It is assumed to give the relevant numerical score. The paper defines the algorithm to receive evaluation summary characterizing acceptability of NPP power unit for construction in Ukraine.
NPP Post-Accident Monitoring System Based on Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle: Concept, Design Principles
Authors: Sachenko A. , Kochan V. , Kharchenko V. , Yastrebenetsky M. , Fesenko H. , Yanovsky M.
Published: February 2019

The paper presents a concept of designing the post-accident system for monitoring the equipment and territory of nuclear power plant after a severe accident based on unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAVs). Wired power and communications networks are found out as the most vulnerable ones during the accident monitoring, and informativity, reliability and veracity are recognized as system basic parameters.

It is proposed to equip measurement and control modules with backup wireless communication channels and deploy the repeaters network based on UAVs to ensure the informativity.

Modules possess the backup power battery, and repeaters appear in the appropriate places after the accident to provide the survivability. Moreover, an optimization of UAVs’ location is proposed according to the minimum energy consumption criterion. To ensure the veracity, it is expected to design the noise-immune protocol for message exchange and archiving and selfdiagnostics of all system components.
About Modern Requirements for Seismic Resistance Design and Evaluation of Seismic Safety of Ukrainian NPPs
Authors: Ryzhov D. , Shugaio O-i. , Shugaylo O-r. , Kendzera O. , Marienkov M. , Shenderovich V. , Buryak R.
Published: February 2019

According to Articles 22 and 24 of the Law of Ukraine “On Nuclear Energy Use and Radiation Safety” and with the aim of improving the regulatory and legal documents regulating nuclear and radiation safety of nuclear installations, the regulation “Requirements for Seismic Resistance Design and Evaluation of Seismic Safety of Ukrainian NPPs: NP 306.2.208-2016” was developed. The paper presents modern requirements included into NP 306.2.208-2016. The emphasis was done on new requirements that were not previously available in PNAE G-006-87, but should be taken into account both in the design of new NPP units and in the assessment/reassessment of seismic resistance of operating units.
Computer Security of NPP Instrumentation and Control Systems: Protective Measures against Computer Threats
Authors: Symonov A. , Klevtsov A. , Trubchaninov S.
Published: February 2019

The main principles and methods of protection against computer threats, methodology used for computer security, policy, plan and computer security program are considered in the paper. The recommendations on the application of protective measures against computer threats in Ukraine depending on a computer security degree are made. The paper presents the analysis of different approaches to computer security assurance described in documents of the International Atomic Energy Agency, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and International Electrotechnical Commission.
Nuclear and Radiation Safety of the Centralized Spent Fuel Storage Facility in Ukraine
Authors: Hryhorash O. , Dybach O. , Kondratiev S. , Horbachenko O. , Panchenko A. , Shuhailo Ol-r. , Kovbasenko Yu. , Vyshemirskyi M. , Bohorad V. , Byelykh D. , Shenderovych V.
Published: February 2019

The paper presents the analysis of ensuring nuclear and radiation safety in the management of spent nuclear fuel at the Centralized SFSF and activities planned for Centralized SFSF lifecycle stages. There are results of comparing requirements of U.S. regulatory documents used by the HOLTEC Company to design Centralized SFSF equipment staff with relevant requirements of Ukrainian regulations, results based on analysis of the most important factors of Centralized SFSF safety (strength and reliability, nuclear safety, thermal regimes and biological protection) and verified expert calculations of the SSTC NRS. The paper includes issues to be considered in further implementation of Centralized SFSF project.
Optimization of Locations and Number of NPP ARMS Posts
Authors: Barbashev S. , Averenkov F.
Published: February 2019

The paper states that requirements for the arrangement of network of automated radiation monitoring posts at Ukrainian NPPs are not fully implemented. It is proposed to use a methodical approach considering environmental, physical and technical factors, peculiarities of NPP emission plume generation and spreading to optimize the number and locations of ARMS posts with sensors for measuring gamma dose rate in NPP control area. Practical implementation of the methodology was performed by the example of Khmelnitsky NPP. The experts developed the basic layout of ARMS gamma sensors in the control area for two NPP power units.