bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-contact photoacoustic imaging with a silicon photonics-based Laser Doppler Vibrometer
Authors: Dieussaert Emiel , Baets Roel , Jans Hilde , Rottenberg Xavier , Li Yanlu
Published: October 2024

Photoacoustic imaging has emerged as a powerful, non-invasive modality for various biomedical applications. Conventional photoacoustic systems require contact-based ultrasound detection and expensive, bulky high-power lasers for the excitation. The use of contact-based detectors involves the risk of contamination, which is undesirable for most biomedical applications. While other non-contact detection methods can be bulky, in this paper, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept experiment for compact and contactless detection of photoacoustic signals on silicone samples embedded with ink-filled channels. A silicon photonics-based Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) detects the acoustic waves excited by a compact pulsed laser diode. By scanning the LDV beam over the surface of the sample, 2D photoacoustic images were reconstructed of the sample.
Neutrophil-to-ferritin ratio can predict hematological causes of fever of unknown origin
Authors: Öztop Hikmet , Hunutlu Fazıl Çağrı
Published: October 2024

Despite advancements in diagnostic modalities, delineating the etiology of fever of unknown origin (FUO) remains a significant challenge for clinicians. Notably, cases with hematological malignancies often have a poor prognosis due to delayed diagnosis. This study investigated the potential of readily obtainable laboratory markers to differentiate hematological causes from other etiologies during the early stages of FUO. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 100 patients who fulfilled the modified FUO criteria between January 2010 and April 2023. Hematological etiologies were identified in 26 of the 100 patients. Peripheral blood neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet counts, and the systemic immune inflammation (SII) index, were significantly lower in the hematological group compared to the non-hematological group. Conversely, serum ferritin levels were demonstrably higher in the hematological group. ROC analysis identified a neutrophil-to-ferritin ratio (NFR) cutoff value of < 8.53 as optimal for predicting hematological etiology. Subsequent multivariate analysis demonstrated that the NFR was the sole independent predictor of hematological etiology (p = 0.013).This study proposes a novel approach for early diagnosis of a potentially life-threatening subset of FUO patients. The NFR presents as an inexpensive and readily available marker for predicting hematological etiology in FUO cases.
A fine-grained image classification algorithm based on self-supervised learning and multi-feature fusion of blood cells
Authors: Jia Nan , Guo Jingxia , Li Yan , Tang Siyuan , Xu Li , Liu Liang , Xing Junfeng
Published: October 2024

Leukemia is a prevalent and widespread blood disease, and its early diagnosis is crucial for effective patient treatment. Diagnosing leukemia types heavily relies on pathologists’ morphological examination of blood cell images. However, this process is tedious and time-consuming, and the diagnostic results are subjective, leading to potential misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. This paper proposes a blood cell image classification method that combines MAE with an enhanced Vision Transformer to tackle these challenges. Initially, pre-training occurs on two datasets, TMAMD and Red4, using the MAE self-supervised learning algorithm. Subsequently, the pre-training weights are transferred to our improved model.This paper introduces feature fusion of the outputs from each layer of the Transformer encoder to maximize the utilization of features extracted from lower layers, such as color, contour, and texture of blood cells, along with deeper semantic features. Furthermore, the dynamic margins for the subcenter Arcface Loss function are employed to enhance the model’s fine-grained feature representation by achieving inter-class dispersion and intra-class aggregation. Models trained using our method achieved state-of-the-art results on both the TMAMD dataset and Red4 dataset, with classification accuracies of 93.51% and 81.41%, respectively. This achievement is expected to be a valuable reference for physicians in their clinical diagnoses.
Analysis of postoperative infection factors of retrograde intrarenal surgery combined with negative pressure equipment for renal stones
Authors: Cui Deheng , Ma Qinghong , Zhang Qiuyan , Zhang Lian , Chen Guoqiang
Published: October 2024

Our study aimed to retrospectively analyze the patients who underwent the combination of negative pressure equipment and RIRS(NP-RIRS) for renal stones, and identified new high-risk factors related to infection. 456 patients with renal stones ≤ 3 cm underwent NP-RIRS in our department, from January 2022 to October 2023. All patients were divided into non-infection group(NIRIRS group) and infection group(IRIRS group) based on infection complications during the perioperative period. Establish a receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve)based on variables with statistical differences, and use the Jordan index to find the optimal cutoff value. Classify the data into two categories based on the best truncation value, and perform binary logistic regression analysis on the classified data. In the IRIRS group, there were 10 cases of fever (2.92%), 2 cases of sepsis (0.58%), and no cases of septic shock or death. The length and the CT value of the stone were 16 (13,21) vs. 22 (19,24) (p < 0.001), 764 (570,1012) vs. 1372 (841,1527) (p < 0.001), respectively, and there was a statistical difference. The surgical time of NIRIRS group and IRIRS group were 57 (50,65) vs. 75 (60,98), respectively (p < 0.001), with statistical differences. On the contrary, the stone-free rate(SFR) at 3 months after surgery was 97.60% vs. 91.70% (p = 0.209), and there was no difference. The length of stones, surgical time, and CT values of stones between the two groups were further used to establish ROC, with ROC areas of 0.791, 0.791, and 0.816, respectively(Fig. 2). Based on the Jordan index, the optimal cutoff values were 17.5 mm (stone size), 64.5 min (surgery time), and 732.5 HU (stone CT value), respectively. Three continuous variables were transformed into binary data using the best truncation criterion, and the classified results were subjected to binary logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the three variables remained independent risk factors for postoperative infection complications. The incidence of infection after NPRIRS was lower than TRIRS for kidney stones. Length of stones, surgical time, and CT value of stones were independent risk factors for postoperative infection in NPRIRS treatment of kidney stones. Due to the small sample size, the credibility and generalizability of the conclusions were limited.
Bacterial RNA sensing by TLR8 requires RNase 6 processing and is inhibited by RNA 2’O-methylation
Authors: Nunes Ivanéia V , Breitenbach Luisa , Pawusch Sarah , Eigenbrod Tatjana , Ananth Swetha , Schad Paulina , Fackler Oliver T , Butter Falk , Dalpke Alexander H , Chen Lan-Sun
Published: October 2024

TLR8 senses single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) fragments, processed via cleavage by ribonuclease (RNase) T2 and RNase A family members. Processing by these RNases releases uridines and purine-terminated residues resulting in TLR8 activation. Monocytes show high expression of RNase 6, yet this RNase has not been analyzed for its physiological contribution to the recognition of bacterial RNA by TLR8. Here, we show a role for RNase 6 in TLR8 activation. BLaER1 cells, transdifferentiated into monocyte-like cells, as well as primary monocytes deficient for RNASE6 show a dampened TLR8-dependent response upon stimulation with isolated bacterial RNA (bRNA) and also upon infection with live bacteria. Pretreatment of bacterial RNA with recombinant RNase 6 generates fragments that induce TLR8 stimulation in RNase 6 knockout cells. 2’O-RNA methyl modification, when introduced at the first uridine in the UA dinucleotide, impairs processing by RNase 6 and dampens TLR8 stimulation. In summary, our data show that RNase 6 processes bacterial RNA and generates uridine-terminated breakdown products that activate TLR8.
Atomic Spectrometric Methods of Analysis
Authors: Fisher Andrew
Published: October 2024

Struggling to get to grips with a new technique? Need some guidance on how to analyse metallic elements? Pitfalls, common errors and useful hints and tips are all discovered in this new book.

Atomic spectrometry techniques are used to determine the metallic elements, as well as metalloids and non-metals. Providing methods of sample collection, sample preparation and analytical methodology, the book explores several techniques including flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS and ETAAS), inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES), inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), and more. In addition to these, the sections on sample collection and sample preparation methods are valuable for those practising or revising techniques. It provides a precious source of theoretical and practical information for those who are new to the techniques or working in laboratories with little access to in-house expertise.

Unlike some books that are suitable for undergraduate students, this text provides hints, tips and methodology for users of the techniques. It is an accessible reference which can be read in parts or as a whole and is written to appeal to researchers, industrial scientists and technicians working in this field.
Facile one-step synthesis of a WO3/ZnWO4 heterojunction modified using ZnFe LDH enhances the PEC water splitting efficiency
Authors: Liu ZiYang , Jia Shiyu , Hu Yiwen , Fang Yanling , Feng Yongjun , Li Dianqing , Bai Shouli , Luo Ruixian , Chen Aifan
Published: October 2024

A novel and efficient WO3/ZnWO4/ZnFe LDH photoanode has been successfully prepared by a one-step drop casting and electrodeposition method.
A low iridium content greatly improves the peroxidase-like activity of noble metal nanozymes for sensitive colorimetric detection
Authors: Hao Jian , Shang Rui , Shi Miaotian , Yuan Jincheng , Tan Yi , Liu Jiawei , Cai Kai
Published: October 2024

We demonstrated that a low Ir content can greatly improve the peroxidase-like specific activity of Pt-based nanozymes and the optimized PtAuIr hollow nanorods exhibited a low limit of detection in the colorimetric detection of o-phenylenediamine.
A UV-Vis method for investigation of gallium(iii) complexation kinetics with NOTA and TRAP chelators: advantages, limitations and comparison with radiolabelling
Authors: Lebruška Viktor , Dobrovolná Tereza , Gemperle Tereza , Kubíček Vojtěch , Kossatz Susanne , Hermann Petr
Published: October 2024

An easy and cheap method for UV-Vis measurement of GaIII complexation kinetics with macrocyclic ligands was developed and validated. The complexation kinetics of NOTA and its phosphinate analogues was compared with 68Ga labelling.
Bipyridyldicarboxamides and f-metals: the influence of electron effects on the structure, stability, separation, and photophysical properties of their complexes
Authors: Borisova Nataliya E. , Kharcheva Anastasia V. , Sumyanova Tsagana B. , Gontcharenko Victoria , Matveev Pert I. , Starostin Leonid , Trigub Alexander , Ivanov Alexey V. , Patsaeva Svetlana V.
Published: October 2024

Even slight changes in the fluorinated bipyridine-derived diamide ligand structure, such as fluorine atom positioning, can substantially affect the properties of the metal complexes, with implications for selective extraction and luminescence.
BODIPY dyes for optical limiting applications on the nanosecond timescale
Authors: Mack John , Kubheka Gugu , May Aviwe , Ngoy Bokolombe P. , Nyokong Tebello
Published: October 2024

Recent research at the Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation at Rhodes University exploring the utility of BODIPY and azaBODIPY dyes for optical limiting of incident nanosecond laser pulses in the visible region is described.
Synthesis and reactivity of a heteroleptic magnesium hydride on a dearomatized picolyl-based NNN-chelator
Authors: Mandal Chhotan , Sarkar Subham , Panda Sourav , Mallick Dibyendu , Mukherjee Debabrata
Published: October 2024

Heteroleptic magnesium hydrides are important for their stoichiometric and catalytic reduction chemistry.
Reinforcing the symmetry of stripping/plating behavior via in situ interface construction for long-lasting zinc metal batteries
Authors: Li Dongmin , Zhong Yunpeng , Xu Xieyu , Zhou Daren , Tang Yan , Wang Liangbing , Liang Shuquan , Lu Bingan , Liu Yangyang , Zhou Jiang
Published: October 2024

Asymmetry of stripping/plating of the Zn anode dominates dendrite evolution and cell failure. To regulate it, a 2H8D electrolyte with a water-poor solvated structure is designed to construct a Cl-rich SEI, achieving long-lasting reversibility of ZBs.
Well-defined cobalt(ii)-catalyzed synthesis of perimidine derivatives via acceptorless dehydrogenative annulation
Authors: Pal Debjyoti , Sarmah Rajashri , Mondal Avijit , Mallick Itu , Srimani Dipankar
Published: October 2024

A sustainable dehydrogenative approach for synthesizing perimidine derivatives has been established, employing a phosphine-free cobalt complex.
Synthesis of biaryl-based carbazoles via C–H functionalization and exploration of their anticancer activities
Authors: Kaur Ramandeep , Dilip Haritha , Kirubakaran Sivapriya , Babu Srinivasarao Arulananda
Published: October 2024

We described the application of C–H functionalization for constructing carbazole-based biaryls and their anticancer activities in cancer cell lines, e.g., HeLa, HCT116, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 and the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293T.
Effect of interfacial local conformation of polymer chains on adhesion strength
Authors: Abe Tatsuki , Yamamoto Satoru , Tanaka Keiji
Published: October 2024

The aggregation states of polymer chains at solid interfaces are strongly related to their adhesion properties.
Catalyst-free regioselective sulfonylation of phenoxazine with sulfonyl hydrazides in H2O/HFIP
Authors: Li Yanan , Li Lin , Tan Jing , Yang Chenpei , Wang Yifei , Li Feiyang , Liu Chenyu , Wu Xiaohui , Sun Jianan
Published: October 2024

A facile catalyst-free sulfonylation of phenoxazine with sulfonyl hydrazides was efficiently developed in H2O/HFIP without any catalyst.
Arene extrusion as an approach to reductive elimination at boron: implication of carbene-ligated haloborylene as a transient reactive intermediate
Authors: Zhang Chonghe , Gilliard Robert J. , Cummins Christopher C.
Published: October 2024

Herein, we report boron-centered reductive elimination reactions to afford cyclic(alkyl)(amino) carbene (CAAC)-ligated chloroborylene and bromoborylene.
Preparation of superstructured comb polymers based on tadpole-shaped single-chain nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Yangjing , Hu Zhiyu , Shen Zhigang , Xue Xiaoqiang , Pu Hongting
Published: October 2024

Super-structured comb polymers based on nanosized macro-monomers are prepared, which exhibit special rheological behavior due to their unique microstructure and related parameters (specifically mesh size and relaxation time).
Correction: Flow and clogging of capillary droplets
Authors: Cheng Yuxuan , Lonial Benjamin F. , Sista Shivnag , Meer David J. , Hofert Anisa , Weeks Eric R. , Shattuck Mark D. , O’Hern Corey S.
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘Flow and clogging of capillary droplets’ by Yuxuan Cheng et al., Soft Matter, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SM00752B.
In situ synthesis of cobalt-embedded gadolinia-doped ceria nanocatalysts for high-temperature solid oxide cells
Authors: Cho Hagyeong , Seo Haewon , Min Jihong , Won Ji-eun , Hong Jongsup , Yoon Kyung Joong
Published: October 2024

Cobalt-embedded gadolinia-doped ceria nanocatalysts are synthesized in situ within a porous fuel electrode, improving the performance and stability of high-temperature solid oxide cells for electricity and hydrogen production.
Learning Verbs in Sentences: Children With Developmental Language Disorder and the Role of Retrieval Practice
Authors: Leonard Laurence B. , Deevy Patricia , Christ Sharon L. , Karpicke Jeffrey D. , Kueser Justin B. , Fischer Kaitlyn
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Retrieval practice has been shown to assist the word learning of children with developmental language disorder (DLD). Although this has been true for learning new verbs as well as new nouns and adjectives, these children's overall verb learning has remained quite low. In this preregistered study, we presented novel verbs in transitive sentences with varying subjects/agents and objects/patients to determine if recall could be improved and if retrieval practice continued to be facilitative.

Method:

Fourteen children with DLD aged 4–5 years and 13 same-age peers with typical language development (TD) learned eight novel verbs over two sessions. Half of the novel verbs were presented with spacing between study and retrieval trials, and half were presented with the same frequency in study trials without the opportunity for retrieval. All novel verbs were presented in sentences such as, “The woman is deeking the shoe.” Children's ability to recall and use the novel verbs in the same sentence structure was tested after the second session and 1 week later. The children were also required to use the novel verbs in bare-stem form in a new structure, as in, “That woman likes to deek the towel.”

Results:

Both groups of children showed increased recall relative to a previous novel verb study. The children with TD showed the expected advantages of spaced retrieval over repeated study and could use the novel verbs in the new morphological form and sentence structure. The children with DLD, however, showed an advantage for spaced retrieval only shortly after the learning period. These children had great difficulty changing the novel verbs to a bare stem and using them in a new structure.

Conclusion:

Although spaced retrieval assists children's novel verb recall, children with DLD in particular require additional help using these verbs with morphological and syntactic flexibility.
The missing rings around Solar System moons
Authors: Sucerquia Mario , Alvarado-Montes Jaime A. , Zuluaga Jorge I. , Cuello Nicolás , Cuadra Jorge , Montesinos Matías
Published: October 2024

Context. Rings are complex structures that surround various bodies within the Solar System, such as giant planets and certain minor bodies. While some formation mechanisms could also potentially promote their existence around (regular or irregular) satellites, none of these bodies currently bear these structures.

Aims. We aim to understand the underlying mechanisms that govern the potential formation, stability, and/or decay of hypothetical circumsatellital rings (CSRs) orbiting the largest moons in the Solar System. This extends to the exploration of short-term morphological features within these rings, providing insights into the ring survival timescales and the interactions that drive their evolution.

Methods. To conduct this study, we used numerical N-body simulations under the perturbing influence of the host planet and other moon companions.

Results. We found that, as suspected, moons with a lower Roche-to-Hill radius can preserve their rings over extended periods. Moreover, the gravitational environment in which these rings are immersed influences the morphological evolution of the system (e.g. ring size), inducing gaps through the excitation of eccentricity and inclination of constituent particles. Specifically, our results show that the rings of Iapetus and Rhea experience minimal variations in their orbital parameters, enhancing their long-term stability. This agrees with the hypothesis that some of the features of Iapetus and Rhea were produced by ancient ring systems, for example, the huge ridge in the Iapetus equator as a result of a decaying ring.

Conclusions. From a dynamical perspective, we found that there are no mechanisms that preclude the existence of CSRs, and we attribute their current absence to non-gravitational phenomena. Effects such as stellar radiation, magnetic fields, and the influence of magnetospheric plasma can significantly impact the dynamics of constituent particles and trigger their decay. This highlights the importance of future studies of these effects.
Revisiting the local interstellar radiation field using Gaia DR3
Authors: Bianchi S.
Published: October 2024

Context. Dust grains in the interstellar medium are heated by the integrated radiation from stars in the Milky Way. Thus, knowledge of the local interstellar radiation field (LISRF) is necessary to interpret observations of dust emission in the infrared and constrain (some) properties of interstellar grains. The LISRF representation that is most widely used in dust modeling still dates back to the seminal works of Mezger et al. (1982, A&A, 105, 372) and Mathis et al. (1983, A&A, 128, 212).

Aims. A new version of the LISRF is presented here, starting from the photometry of the Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) and revisiting the available data. This dataset includes observations from the Pioneer 10 and 11 probes.

Methods. The LISRF contribution by direct starlight was estimated in the Gaia bands by summing fluxes of all stars in DR3. The LISRF was extrapolated from the optical to the ultraviolet and near-infrared, using the astrophysical parameters provided by DR3 for a subsample of Gaia stars. The correlation between dust emission at 100 µm and residual diffuse emission in the Pioneer and other available maps was exploited to derive the contribution of dust-scattered starlight to the LISRF.

Results. The new LISRF is significantly redder and emits ~30% more energy than the old model. The old LISRF is almost a factor two lower in the near-infrared, while, in the optical, it accounts only for direct starlight. For |b| < 50°, diffuse starlight contributes on average to ~25% of the total radiation, which is three times more than what can be derived using literature estimates at high Galactic latitudes.

Conclusions. The new LISRF can modify the predicted mid-infrared (MIR) dust emission beyond the uncertainties normally assumed between dust models and observational constraints. These differences should be taken into account to redefine the properties of small grains and of carriers of the MIR emission bands.
A photo-z cautionary tale: Redshift confirmation of COSBO-7 at z = 2.625
Authors: Jin Shuowen , Sillassen Nikolaj B. , Hodge Jacqueline , Magdis Georgios E. , Rizzo Francesca , Casey Caitlin , Koekemoer Anton M. , Valentino Francesco , Kokorev Vasily , Magnelli Benjamin , Gobat Raphael , Gillman Steven , Franco Maximilien , Faisst Andreas , Kartaltepe Jeyhan , Schinnerer Eva , Toft Sune , Algera Hiddo S. B. , Harish Santosh , Lee Minju , Liu Daizhong , Shuntov Marko , Talia Margherita , Vijayan Aswin
Published: October 2024

Photometric redshifts are widely used in studies of dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs), but catastrophic photo-z failure can undermine all redshift-dependent results. Here we report the spectroscopic redshift confirmation of COSBO-7, a strongly lensed DSFG in the COSMOS-PRIMER field. Recently, a photometric redshift solution of z ≳ 7.0 was reported for COSBO-7 based on ten bands of James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRCam and MIRI imaging data. This z value was favored by four independent spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting codes, and the result provided an appealing candidate for the most distant massive DSFG known to date. This photo-z solution was also supported by a single line detection in Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Band 3 consistent with CO(7–6) at z = 7.46. However, our new ALMA observations robustly detect two lines in Band 6 identified as CO(7–6) and [CI](2–1) at zspec = 2.625, and thus the Band 3 line as CO(3–2). These three robust line detections decidedly place COSBO-7 at z = 2.625, refuting the photo-z solution. We derive physical parameters by fitting near-infrared(NIR)-to-millimeter(mm) photometry and lens modeling, revealing that COSBO-7 is a main sequence galaxy. We examine possible reasons for this photo-z failure and attribute it to (1) the likely underestimation of photometric uncertainties at 0.9 μm and 1.15 μm; and (2) the lack of photometry at wavelengths beyond 20 μm. Notably, we recover a bona fide zphot ∼ 2.3 by including the existing MIPS 24 μm photometry, demonstrating the critical importance of mid-infrared (MIR) data in bolstering photo-z measurements. This work highlights a common challenge in modeling the SEDs of DSFGs, and provides a cautionary tale regarding the reliability of photometric redshifts as well as pseudo-spectroscopic redshifts based on single line detection.
Core prominence as a signature of restarted jet activity in the LOFAR radio-galaxy population
Authors: Nair Dhanya G. , Morganti Raffaella , Brienza Marisa , Mingo Beatriz , Croston Judith H. , Jurlin Nika , Shimwell Timothy W. , Callingham Joseph R. , Hardcastle Martin J.
Published: October 2024

Context. Recurrent phases of dormancy and activity occur in the supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei. Characterizing the duty cycles of this process is crucial in understanding the impact of the energy released on the host galaxies, and their evolution. However, it is challenging to identify sources in the quiescent and restarted phases.

Aims. Our goal is to identify and characterize a substantial sample of radio galaxies in a restarted phase and explore the idea of core prominence as a signature of restarted activity. We expand our prior study of identifying restarted sources from a 30 deg2 area in the Lockman Hole to a larger 424 deg2 region in the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX) extragalactic field using a sample of core-dominated radio galaxies selected visually.

Methods. We used the 144 MHz LOFAR survey images of the HETDEX field to identify galaxies with restarting jets. By assessing diverse selection criteria including radio core dominance along with low surface brightness extended emission, spectral index properties (e.g., steep or inverted spectra of a core and an ultra-steep spectrum of extended emission), and morphology, we found 69 candidate restarted radio galaxies in the HETDEX field.

Results. The restarted candidates show a diverse intrinsic morphology, spanning from FRI, FRII, core-with-halo, to asymmetric forms, feasibly proposing different progenitors. Within these 69 restarted candidates, we identified a subset of nine galaxies characterized by ultra-steep spectrum extended emission combined with high radio core prominence, representing previous and current epochs of jet activity. We interpret our findings for this small subset as support for a model in which the switch-on and switch-off mechanism happens with a relatively fast duty cycle in these sources. We found a peculiar case, J131728.61+561544.8, which appears to have altered its jet orientation, possibly due to changes in the angular momentum or spin of its supermassive black hole, interactions with surrounding material, and/or variations in the magnetic flux threading its accretion disk.

Conclusions. The restarted candidates span a range of radio luminosities from log10(L144 MHz/WHz−1) = 23.24 to log10(L144 MHz/WHz−1) = 26.80, and linear sizes between 88 and 1659 kpc at 144 MHz, with 16 sources identified as giant radio galaxies with sizes exceeding 0.7 Mpc. The total stellar content of restarted sources is consistent with massive elliptical galaxies, with at least 17% inhabiting cluster environments. Our findings at z < 0.4 suggest that many restarting radio galaxies are not found in rich cluster environments, aligning with the environmental properties of the broader radio-galaxy population. The present study confirms the core prominence as an effective parameter for selecting candidate restarted radio sources.
Compartmental description of the cosmological baryonic matter cycle
Authors: Schlickeiser Reinhard , Kröger Martin
Published: October 2024

Context. The compartmental description, well-known as the description of infection diseases and epidemics, was applied here to describe the temporal evolution of the baryonic matter in interstellar gas and stars. The introduction of gaseous and stellar fractions of the total baryonic matter as the basic dynamical variables is advantageous because it allows us to apply the description to a variety of astrophysical systems.

Aims. We aimed to theoretically investigate the competition of spontaneous star formation, stellar feedback, and stellar evolution to understand the baryonic matter cycle including luminous baryonic matter in main-sequence stars and weakly luminous matter in white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes (referred to as locked-in matter). Of particular interest was the understanding of cosmic star formation history and the present-day gas fraction with compartmental models.

Methods. We derived exact analytical solutions for the time evolution of the fractions of gaseous, luminous stellar, and locked-in stellar matter for stationary rates of spontaneous star formation, continuous stellar feedback, and stellar evolution. The accuracy of the analytical solutions was proven by comparison with the exact numerical solutions of the dynamical equations.

Results. The observed cosmological star formation rate and the integrated stellar density as a function of redshift are reasonably well explained by the compartmental model without triggered star formation by the competition of spontaneous star formation and stellar evolution, whereas the influence of stellar feedback is less important. The action of stellar evolution provides a significant redshift-dependent reduction factor when calculating the integrated stellar density from the star formation rate. Without stellar evolution, the observations could not be reproduced very well. Then, the fits to the observation provided conclusions on the relative importance of spontaneous star formation, stellar evolution, and feedback in the early Universe after the recombination era until today. The gas, luminous star, and locked-in stellar matter fractions indicated that the vast majority of the baryons in the present-day Universe reside in the form of locked-in stellar matter in white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes.
Traffic Performance Analysis in The Traditional Market Area
Authors: Maulana Agung , Sarjana Sri , Prastya Tammy Ramadhona
Published: October 2024

Traffic performance is quantitative measurement that describes condition on a road. Congestion is caused high levels of activity, such as parking on the road and public transportation that drops off and picks up passengers, pedestrians walk on the road because there are no pedestrian facilities available, so that side obstacles become high. This research aims to improve traffic performance in Cibarusah Market Area. Traffic performance calculations based on PKJI 2023 and road network performance using PTV Vissim Modelling. Congestion that occurs can be seen from road performance indicators, namely VC Ratio 0,75, Speed 21.56 km/h with LOS F, and density 73.7 PCU/km. Meanwhile, intersection performance is assessed from 3 indicators, namely DS 0.82, queue opportunities 27 – 54%, and delay 25.09 sec/PCU with LOS D. The analytical methods used in this research are road performance analysis, intersection analysis, road network analysis, parking analysis, and pedestrian analysis. The results of the road performance increase with LOS E. Furthermore, intersection performance also increases with LOS C. Road network performance also improves, based on delay average from 25.27 to 11.02 seconds, speed average from 26.21 to 39.67 km/h, distance total from 22.997.28 to 23.401.59 km, and travel time total from 877.28 to 589.96 hours.
Renaturing the City in Architectural Design Through Camouflage Strategy
Authors: Pradika Ferian Yavis , Samodra F.X. Teddy Badai , Cahyadini Sarah , Kim Do Yeon
Published: October 2024

The urban environment is built on the natural environment. The presence of architectural design dominates the urban environment through materials. The solid nature of the material causes the urban environment to be unable to absorb rainwater optimally. Decreased soil quality can have a negative impact on humans. Therefore, naturalization of the urban environment is needed to reduce the negative impact of the environment on humans. This research explores the optimal form of architectural design to channel rainwater into the ground. This research is qualitative in nature. The research method used is experimental. Experiments were carried out to find the optimal architectural design form through small-scale models. The research results are in the form of a full-slooping architectural design that can maximize water absorption into the soil. This is caused by the application of a camouflage strategy in finding the most optimal shape. This allows renaturalizing the urban environment to reduce the risk of negative impacts on humans.
Utilization of Anthocyanin Extract from Clitoria ternatea as a Natural Colorant in Eyeshadow Formulation
Authors: Kwartiningsih Endang , Ramadhani Aida Nur , Shafa Talitha Fairuz , Pramesthi Dhita Ayu
Published: October 2024

In recent years, butterfly peas flowers (Clitoria ternatea) have gained popularity as natural colorants such as cosmetic, pharmaceutical, textile, and food colorants. Especially as the cosmetic colorant, Clitoria ternatea has been used as a nail and hair colorant. The blue color of Clitoria ternatea is primarily due to anthocyanin content. In this research, Clitoria ternatea was utilized as a natural colorant in the formulation of compact powder eyeshadow. This research aims to produce anthocyanin extract from Clitoria ternatea through extraction and vacuum evaporation processes at optimum conditions and to utilize the extract in eyeshadow formulations. Clitoria ternatea was extracted in stirrer-equipped extractor using an ethanol solvent at 50°C for 30 minutes, then concentrated with a vacuum evaporator at 65°C. The results indicated that the total anthocyanin extracted from Clitoria ternatea was 2.889 mg/g. Compact powder eyeshadow was prepared in four different formulas and contained Clitoria ternatea extract concentration of 4% (F1), 8% (F2), 12% (F3), and 16% (F4). Each formula was evaluated by conducting organoleptic, pH, spreadability, irritation, and hedonic tests. The results of F2, F3, and F4 showed stable and more intense color production. The most optimal formula is F4 due to the highest enthusiast on the hedonic test.
The Influence of Hybrid Fillers on the Mechanical Properties of Woven Ramie-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
Authors: Cionita Tezara , Parlaungan Siregar Januar , Al-Ichlas Imran , Fajar Fitriyana Deni , Efriyo Hadi Agung , Jamiluddin Jaafar , Rozzana Dewi , Rusiyanto Rusiyanto , Samsudin Anis , Emad Elsherif
Published: October 2024

The research aims to investigate the mechanical properties and broaden the potential uses of woven ramie-reinforced epoxy composites by incorporating hybrid fillers. The study utilized rice husk filler (RHF), Cinnamon inner filler (CIF), and Syzygium grande filler (SGF) as hybrid materials in producing laminated ramie/epoxy composites. The composites were created by manually stacking woven ramie fibre with natural fillers with mesh sizes 100 and varying concentrations. This study conducted tests to evaluate composite materials’ tensile, flexural, and impact properties and examine how adding fillers affects these properties. The result showed that the concentration of fillers at 10 wt.% has achieved the highest tensile properties compared to other concentrations. Cinnamon inner filler composites had the maximum tensile strength among the various filler materials. Compared to all the different hybrid samples, adding CIF in woven fibre had the highest tensile strength of 36.25 MPa, flexural strength of 52.27 MPa, and impact strength of 0.337 J. This may be due to the compatibility between cellulose fibres, CIF, and epoxy matrix. The utilization of an optical microscope facilitated the investigation. It revealed that enhanced blending of the cinnamon filler within the composites resulted in a more robust bonding between the filler and the woven ramie composites.
Studies on Influence of Organic Acid Leaching Using CH3COOH and C4H6O6 on The Characteristics of Green Silica Produced for Sustainable Industrial Purpose
Authors: Cahyani Aulia , Purwanto Purwanto
Published: October 2024

Rice husk is a biomass that constitutes 20-22% of Indonesia’s rice production by-products. Due to the low cost of raw materials and energy consumption, utilizing RH to produce silica can replace the production of synthetic silica. The type of organic acids used and the operating conditions during acid leaching play essential roles in the quality of green silica products. Temperature (28oC, 75oC) and duration (1h, 2h) treatment in acid leaching was applied with experimental method. Results showed the use of CH3COOH and C4H6O6 optimum to producing green silica with 92.21% purity, 61,25% of amorphous phase, increasing the surface area and pore volume of silica to 154,570 m2/g and 44.2513 cc/g. The highest silica yield reached at 99.26%, the whole analysis using SEM-EDX, XRD, and BETSAA. The highest moisture adsorption capacity of 825.6 mg/g meet the quality standard of SNI no. 06-2477-1991 for silica products with good adsorption quality. This study aims to explore the safer characteristics of green silica suitable for industrial purpose. The obtained results suggest applying organic acid leaching with CH3COOH and C4H6O6 can producing amorphous green silica. This method offers an alternative by using less hazardous materials, promoting environmentally friendly chemical processes in micro-scale production.
Study on Characteristics of The Fe-Cu-0.5 wt.%Al Alloys Synthesized by Powder Metallurgy with Different Fe/Cu Ratio
Authors: Suprianto  , Bangun Mikhael Filipi Joansen , Ariani Farida , Mahadi
Published: October 2024

Fe-based alloys are widely used in the engineering field, particularly in mechanical engineering. Due to their good strength, these materials can be used in various components. The aim of this research to investigate the role of each elements on mechanical properties and microstructure of the Fe-Cu-Al alloy. The model alloys with different Fe/Cu ratios (60/40, 70/30, 80/20, and 90/10) were synthesized by powder metallurgy (PM). The powders were mixed together with 300 Rpm for 2 h using a horizontal milling and subsequently cold compacted at 250 MPa as well as sintered at temperature of 1000 °C. The compressive strength, hardness, wear tests, and microstructure observation were carried out. The results show that the Cu ratio in Fe-Cu-Al based alloy influences their hardness and compressive yield strength (σy), with the highest hardness of 86.80 HV and σy>200MPa, respectively. Furthermore, a better wear resistance was obtained for alloy of 90Fe10Cu. The microstructure consists of intermetallic phases and oxides dispersed within microstructure. However, individual Fe element were still observed in the 90Fe10Cu alloy. From this study, it can be concluded that the Fe/Cu ratios influence the properties and contribute to the development of alloys for engineering components.
Effect of Solvents on Extraction of Bixin from Bixa orellana Seeds as Natural Colorant in Lip Gloss Formulation
Authors: Kwartiningsih Endang , Setyawardhani Dwi Ardiana , Khalila Viena Hilma , Athoriq Muhammad Aji
Published: October 2024

The seeds of annatto (Bixa orellana) are identified as a plant with significant potential as a coloring agent. They are applied in food, textiles, paint, and cosmetics. Specifically in cosmetics, Bixa orellana has been particularly used as a colorant of lipstick. The reddish-orange color of annatto seed is primarily due to bixin content. This study focused on the effect of solvent i.e. ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate on the extracted annatto seeds (bixin) characteristics and utilization in lip gloss formulation. The extraction was performed for 90 minutes at 50°C using a stirrerequipped extractor by varying the solvent. The results indicated that acetone yielded the highest bixin content at 13.43 mg/g of seeds, followed by ethyl acetate with 8.12 mg/g, and ethanol with the lowest bixin content at 2.82 mg/g. Then the extract was concentrated by a rotary vacuum evaporator and centrifuge to obtain the precipitate of the extract. The highest yield with acetone solvent was 2.019%, while the yield with ethanol and ethyl acetate solvents were 1.603% and 0.282% respectively. Meanwhile, the result of the evaluation test of lip gloss indicates that ethyl acetate solvent showed the optimal formulations due to the evaluation of homogeneity, pH, irritation, and hedonic tests.
The Effect of Air Injection Flowrate on Nitrate Synthesis with The Addition of Fe2+Ions Using Plasma Electrolysis
Authors: Harianingsih Harianingsih , Sulistyawan Vera Noviana , Kusumaningrum Maharani , Widiarti Nuni , Pangestu Indra Sakti , Putra Muhammad Rizky Fahrizal , Ritmadanti Afifah , Kurniawan Tonni Agustiono
Published: October 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of air flow rate on nitrate synthesis with the addition of Fe2+ions using the plasma electrolysis method. Nitrate synthesis usually uses conventional technology that causes air emissions. So that plasma electrolysis technology is needed that does not cause emissions and is environmentally friendly. The methods used in this study include designing a plasma electrolysis reactor using 0.02 M K2SO4 electrolyte, testing the plasma electrolysis reactor to determine the formation of a glow discharge zone as an indicator of the nitrate synthesis process, testing nitrate production using a UV VIS spectrophotometer and •OH radicals using HPLC. The air reaction rate at variations of 0.2 Lmen-1, 0.4 Lmen-1, 0.6 Lmen-1, 0.8 Lmen-1and 1 Lmen-1was injected into the reactor. The concentration of Fe2+ions at 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm, 40 ppm and 50 ppm was analyzed to determine the effectiveness of the ion. The results obtained were that the highest nitrate at 400 Watt power was 2976 ppm, at 500 Watt power was 3063 ppm, and at 600 Watt power was 3373 ppm. the highest nitrate production was achieved at a concentration of 30 ppm with a result of 2785 ppm, followed by a concentration of 40 ppm with a result of 2645 ppm, a concentration of 20 ppm with a result of 2512 ppm, a concentration of 10 ppm with a result of 2478 ppm, and a concentration of 50 ppm with a result of 2364 ppm..
TSI modeling: A comparison of ground-based Ca II K-line data with space-based UV images from the SDO/AIA instrument
Authors: Chapman Gary A. , Cookson Angela M. , Choudhary Debi P.
Published: October 2024

The Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) is an important input for the Earth’s climate. To describe the competing contributions of sunspots and faculae on irradiance variability, the San Fernando Observatory (SFO) irradiance model has two components: One component is an index derived from a continuum image that provides a sunspot signal. The other component is an index determined from a Ca II K-line image that provides a facular signal. These components are determined using two different methods, one based on feature identification and one based on photometric sum. Feature identification determines whether an active region feature is darker or brighter than the surrounding quiet Sun and by how much. Photometric sum simply adds up all the image pixels to determine a single value for that image. In this paper, we investigate the use of space-based UV images from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) as a substitute for ground-based Ca II K-line images from the San Fernando Observatory in modeling TSI variability. SDO indices are obtained by processing SDO/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) 160 nm and 170 nm images with SFO algorithms, then SFO models are modified by substituting either a 160 nm or a 170 nm UV index from SDO in place of the Ca II K image. The different models are regressed against TSI measurements from the Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM) on the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) spacecraft. The sunspot signal for all models used here is determined from SFO red continuum images at 672.3 nm. The facular signal is determined from either Ca II K-line images at 393.4 nm or space-based UV images from the SDO/AIA experiment. Images at both AIA wavelengths are processed with the standard San Fernando Observatory (SFO) algorithms. The SFO data is obtained from two photometric telescopes, which differ in spatial resolution by a factor of 2. The results of the linear regressions show good agreement between the fits that use SFO Ca II K-line data and the fits that use SDO UV data. However, facular indices obtained from SDO/AIA 170 nm images give significantly better fits than SDO/AIA 160 nm. We compare the goodness of the correlation using R2, that is, the multiple regression coefficient R, squared. The best two-component fit using ground-based Ca II K-line data was R2 = 0.873; using AIA 170 nm produced R2 = 0.896. Correlations using the AIA 160 nm data were consistently lower with values of R2 as low as 0.793, where R2 is the coefficient of multiple correlation.
Role of Free Flaps in Facial Burn Reconstructions
Authors: Ravula Parvathi , Reddy D. Mukunda , Rangachari Srikanth , Yerra Kovida
Published: October 2024

Traditionally, burn reconstructions have been performed by the use of skin grafting or local flaps. Recently free flaps are being used with increasing frequency. Although not very common in the head neck region, free flaps are mostly used for secondary reconstructions of cervicofacial contractures. We report the role of free flaps in postburn facial reconstructions, excluding neck and scalp burns. Sixteen free flaps used for postburn facial reconstructions were reviewed retrospectively, during the period between 2003 and 2023. The etiology, indications, timing, location, choice of the flap, type of reconstruction, and outcomes were analyzed. Indications and type of reconstructions were categorized to correlate with flap choice. The age of the patients ranged between 8 and 40 years. The etiology included electrical burns in six cases, flame burns in eight cases, and acid burns in two cases. Nine defects were in the central part of the face including the nose and the chin. Two primary and 14 secondary reconstructions were performed using free flaps from lateral thigh in 11 cases, lateral arm in 2 free flaps cases, radial forearm in 2 free flaps cases, and the posterior auricular flap in 1 case. There were no total flap failures. Secondary procedures were needed in 10 of 13 evaluable patients. Free flaps provide a good and safe option for selective postburn reconstructions in the face. The choice of flap mainly depends on the indication and type of reconstruction needed, apart from the availability of donor tissue and the surgeon's preference. Complex reconstructions may need larger and composite flaps to replace the components. Multiple secondary procedures are needed to achieve the objectives.