bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dolichoectasia: An easily identifiable and potentially treatable stroke mechanism - The Durban Cerebrovascular Data Bank (DCDB) experience
Authors: Hoffmann Michael
Published: August 2019

Intracranial artery dolichoecstasia is recognised as an underdiagnosed yet potentially treatable stroke mechanism. A prospective analysis of patients in the Durban Cerebrovascular Data Bank (n=762) was undertaken over a 4 year period and 32 patients identified as meeting established criteria. No significant difference was found between those patients presenting with stroke as opposed to transient ischaemic attacks. There was a trend to a preponderance in males and most patients had hypertension and presented with posterior circulation ischaemia or infarction. All patients were identified by first tier investigation with conventional brain scanning (MRI or CT) but contemporary imaging modalities such as MRA and transcranial Doppler sonography aided in the diagnosis. Six patients were treated with anticoagulation after failing antiaggregant therapy with aspirin with no recurrent events over a 15.6 mean month follow up period.
Linear diaphragmatic calcification in a two year-old child with tuberculosis
Authors: Rachman I. , Boss G.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Sphenochoanal polyp: Radiological diagnosis
Authors: Pak M. W. , Kew J.
Published: August 2019

A sphenochoanal polyp is seen as an isolated soft tissue density mass that arises from the sphenoid  sinus and extends to the choana on computed tomographic scans. Distinction from its more common counterpart, antrochoanal polyp which arises from the maxillary sinus, is essential prior to surgery. A case is presented to illustrate that CT scan of paranasal sinus plays an important role in the identification of the sinus of origin.
Diffusion weighted MR imaging
Authors: Ramsing B. , Corr P.
Published: August 2019

Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) allows the measurement of molecular motion in tissue. This technique has significant clinical applications. Recent technological developments in fast MR imaging have brought diffusion imaging into clinical practice. This review will explain the physical principles, and current and future potential applications of diffusion imaging in medicine.
Pica- a barium enema look-alike
Authors: Van Gelderen Fred
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Obituary: Allan Cormack
Authors: Cherry Robin
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Time for subspecialisation?
Authors: Beningfield Steve
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Radiology in Kenya
Authors: Corr Peter
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Schering STAR Program
Authors: Andrijich Vince , Beningfield Steve
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Pneumocephalus complicating frontal sinus osteoma
Authors: Simarak S. , Suraprasit B. , Senatham A.
Published: August 2019

Pneumocephalus is most frequently caused by head trauma, especially to the paranasal sinuses and mastoid areas. Tumours of the skull base, such as osteoma or pituitary tumour, are less common causes. Since osteoma is one of the more common benign tumours of the nose and paranasal area with the frontal sinus being its most frequent location, special attention should be paid to the examination of this area for frontal osteoma in patients presenting with spontaneous pneumocephalus.
O Sentido do Trabalho para o Agente Funerário
Authors: Nascimento Raimunda Letícia do , Santos Ana Sara Leite , Lima Tereza Cristina Batista de , Pinho Ana Paula Moreno
Published: August 2019

O objetivo do presente artigo é investigar o sentido do trabalho para o agente funerário. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e de natureza qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado e analisados por meio de análise lexical e de conteúdo. Os discursos apontam que, apesar das dificuldades e limitações de sua atuação profissional, os agentes funerários encontram sentido em seu trabalho, principalmente por meio da valorização e reconhecimento do seu serviço pelos clientes. Esta pesquisa contribui para os estudos sobre o sentido do trabalho, principalmente com profissionais desvalorizados socialmente e que são considerados “sujos”, além de ampliar a discussão sobre a importância do trabalho para os indivíduos que, mesmo não tendo prazer na execução de suas atividades, procuram ter bom desempenho em virtude de outros elementos. Novas categorias são propostas para complementação ao tema, como satisfação e preconceito.
Habilitadores de Inovação para a Base da Pirâmide
Authors: Lacerda Katarina Chaves , Machado André Gustavo Carvalho
Published: August 2019

O objetivo desse artigo é analisar as características dos habilitadores de inovação para a base da pirâmide no contexto brasileiro. A estratégia de pesquisa adotada foi de estudo de casos múltiplos em três empresas de setores distintos. Os resultados evidenciaram que os principais habilitadores externos às organizações foram a estabilidade econômica, políticas públicas e qualidade dos fornecedores. Entre os habilitadores internos, destacaram-se a criação de conhecimento e a aprendizagem, e o reconhecimento do valor e da necessidade da inovação. Sob o ponto de vista teórico, os resultados deste estudo avançam na identificação e compreensão de habilitadores que, apesar de facilitarem o desenvolvimento e implementação de inovações para o mercado da base da pirâmide, encontram-se dispersos na literatura, sem que haja, inclusive, uma nomenclatura unânime acerca dos mesmos. Sob a perspectiva dos praticantes, as evidências deste estudo contribuem para que gestores tenham a percepção de quais fatores internos e externos podem habilitar as organizações a inovar nesse mercado.
Speciated atmospheric mercury and sea–air exchange of gaseous mercury in the South China Sea
Authors: Wang Chunjie , Wang Zhangwei , Hui Fan , Zhang Xiaoshan
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The characteristics of the reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and particulate
mercury (HgP) in the marine boundary layer (MBL) are poorly understood,
due in part to sparse data from the sea and ocean. Gaseous elemental Hg (GEM),
RGM, and size-fractionated HgP in the marine atmosphere, and dissolved gaseous
Hg (DGM) in surface seawater, were determined in the South China Sea (SCS)
during an oceanographic expedition (3–28 September 2015). The mean
concentrations of GEM, RGM, and Hg2.5P were 1.52±0.32 ng m−3, 6.1±5.8 pg m−3, and 3.2±1.8 pg m−3,
respectively. A low GEM level indicated that the SCS suffered less influence
from fresh emissions, which could be due to the majority of air masses
coming from the open oceans, as modeled by back trajectories. Atmospheric
reactive Hg (RGM + Hg2.5P) represented less than 1 % of total
atmospheric Hg, indicating that atmospheric Hg existed mainly as GEM in the
MBL. The GEM and RGM concentrations in the northern SCS (1.73±0.40 ng m−3 and 7.1±1.4 pg m−3, respectively) were
significantly higher than those in the western SCS (1.41±0.26 ng m−3 and 3.8±0.7 pg m−3), and the Hg2.5P and
Hg10P levels (8.3 and 24.4 pg m−3) in the Pearl River estuary
(PRE) were 0.5–6.0 times higher than those in the open waters of the SCS,
suggesting that the PRE was polluted to some extent. The size distribution
of HgP in PM10 was observed to be three-modal, with peaks around
< 0.4, 0.7–1.1, and 5.8–9.0 µm, respectively, but the
coarse modal was the dominant size, especially in the open SCS. There was no
significant diurnal pattern of GEM and Hg2.5P, but we found that the
mean RGM concentration was significantly higher in daytime (8.0±5.5 pg m−3) than in nighttime (2.2±2.7 pg m−3), mainly due to
the influence of solar radiation. In the northern SCS, the DGM
concentrations in the nearshore area (40–55 pg L−1) were about twice as
high as those in the open sea, but this pattern was not significant in the
western SCS. The sea–air exchange fluxes of Hg0 in the SCS varied from
0.40 to 12.71 ng m−2 h−1 with a mean value of 4.99±3.32 ng m−2 h−1. The annual emission flux of Hg0 from the SCS to the
atmosphere was estimated to be 159.6 t yr−1, accounting for about
5.54 % of the global Hg0 oceanic evasion, although the SCS only
represents 1.0 % of the global ocean area. Additionally, the annual dry
deposition flux of atmospheric reactive Hg represented more than 18 % of
the annual evasion flux of Hg0, and therefore the dry deposition of
atmospheric reactive Hg was an important pathway for the input of
atmospheric Hg to the SCS.
A new approach for assessing climate change impacts in ecotron experiments
Authors: Vanderkelen Inne , Zschleischler Jakob , Gudmundsson Lukas , Keuler Klaus , Rineau Francois , Beenaerts Natalie , Vangronsveld Jaco , Thiery Wim
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Ecotron facilities allow accurate control of many environmental variables coupled with extensive monitoring of ecosystem processes. They therefore require multivariate perturbation of climate variables, close to what is observed in the field and projections for the future, preserving the co-variances between variables and the projected changes in variability. Here we present a new experimental design for studying climate change impacts on terrestrial ecosystems and apply it to the UHasselt Ecotron Experiment. The new methodology consists of generating climate forcing along a gradient representative of increasingly high global mean temperature anomalies and uses data derived from the best available regional climate model (RCM) projection. We first identified the best performing regional climate model (RCM) simulation for the ecotron site from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment in the European Domain (EURO-CORDEX) ensemble with a 0.11° (12.5 km) resolution based on two criteria: (i) highest skill of the simulations compared to observations from a nearby weather station and (ii) representativeness of the multi-model mean in future projections. Our results reveal that no single RCM simulation has the best score for all possible combinations of the four meteorological variables and evaluation metrics considered. Out of the six best performing simulations, we selected the simulation with the lowest bias for precipitation (CCLM4-8-17/EC-EARTH), as this variable is key to ecosystem functioning and model simulations deviated the most for this variable, with values ranging up to double the observed values. The time window is subsequently selected from the RCM projection for each ecotron unit based on the global mean temperature of the driving Global Climate Model (GCM). The ecotron units are forced with 3-hourly output from the RCM projections of the five-year period spanning the year in which the global mean temperature crosses the predefined values. With the new approach, Ecotron facilities become able to assess ecosystem responses on changing climatic conditions, while accounting for the co-variation between climatic variables and their projection in variability, well representing possible compound events. The gradient approach will allow to identify possible threshold and tipping points.
Semi-automated roadside image data collection
Authors: Pilger Neal , Berg Aaron , Joosse Pamela
Published: August 2019

Abstract. This article describes the development of a mobile roadside survey procedure for obtaining corroboration data for the remote sensing of agricultural land use practices. The key objective was to produce a dataset of geo-referenced roadside digital images that can be used to compare to in-field photos for measuring agricultural land use and land cover associated with crop residue and cover cropping in the non-growing season. It was concluded that a very high level of correspondence (> 90 % level of agreement) could be attained using a mobile survey vehicle, as presented in this research, to detailed in-field ground verification data. Classification correspondence was carried out against 114 field sites with a level of agreement at 93 %. The few discrepancies were in the differentiation of residue levels between 30–60 % and > 60 %, both of which may be considered as achieving conservation practice standards. The mobile roadside image capture has advantages of relatively low cost and insensitivity to cloudy days, which often limits optical remote sensing acquisitions during the study period of interest. We anticipate that this approach can be used to reduce associated field costs for ground surveys, while expanding coverage areas and may be of interest to industry, academic and government organizations for more routine surveys of agricultural soil cover during periods of seasonal cloud cover.
ORCHIDEE MICT-LEAK (r5459), a global model for the production, transport, and transformation of dissolved organic carbon from Arctic permafrost regions – Part 1: Rationale, model description, and simulation protocol
Authors: Bowring Simon P. K. , Lauerwald Ronny , Guenet Bertrand , Zhu Dan , Guimberteau Matthieu , Tootchi Ardalan , Ducharne Agnès , Ciais Philippe
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Few Earth system models adequately represent the unique permafrost soil
biogeochemistry and its respective processes; this significantly contributes
to uncertainty in estimating their responses, and that of the planet at
large, to warming. Likewise, the riverine component of what is known as the
“boundless carbon cycle” is seldom recognised in Earth system modelling.
The hydrological mobilisation of organic material from a ∼1330–1580 PgC carbon stock to the river network results in either
sedimentary settling or atmospheric “evasion”, processes widely expected to
increase with amplified Arctic climate warming. Here, the production,
transport, and atmospheric release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from
high-latitude permafrost soils into inland waters and the ocean are
explicitly represented for the first time in the land surface component
(ORCHIDEE) of a CMIP6 global climate model (Institut Pierre Simon Laplace – IPSL). The model, ORCHIDEE MICT-LEAK, which represents the merger of
previously described ORCHIDEE versions MICT and LEAK, mechanistically
represents (a) vegetation and soil physical processes for high-latitude
snow, ice, and soil phenomena and (b) the cycling of DOC and CO2,
including atmospheric evasion, along the terrestrial–aquatic continuum from
soils through the river network to the coast at 0.5 to
2∘ resolution. This paper, the first in a two-part study,
presents the rationale for including these processes in a high-latitude-specific land surface model, then describes the model with a focus on novel
process implementations, followed by a summary of the model configuration
and simulation protocol. The results of these simulation runs, conducted for
the Lena River basin, are evaluated against observational data in the second
part of this study.
A holographic matrix representation of the metamorphic parallel mechanisms
Authors: Sun Wei , Kong Jianyi , Sun Liangbo
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Metamorphic mechanisms belong to the class of mechanisms that are able to
change their configurations sequentially to meet different requirements. In
this paper, a holographic matrix representation for describing the
topological structure of metamorphic mechanisms was proposed. The matrix
includes the adjacency matrix, incidence matrix, links attribute and
kinematic pairs attribute. Then, the expanded holographic matrix is
introduced, which includes driving link, frame link and the identifier of
the configurations. Furthermore, a matrix representation of an original
metamorphic mechanism is proposed, which has the ability to evolve into
various sub-configurations. And evolutionary relationships between
mechanisms in sub-configurations and the original metamorphic mechanism are
determined distinctly. Examples are provided to demonstrate the validation
of the method.
Establishment and characteristics analysis of a crop-drought vulnerability curve: a case study of European winter wheat
Authors: Wu Yanshen , Guo Hao , Zhang Anyu , Wang Jing'ai
Published: August 2019

Abstract. As an essential component of drought risk, crop-drought vulnerability refers to the degree of the adverse response of a crop to a drought event. Different drought intensities and environments can cause significant differences in crop yield losses. Therefore, quantifying the drought vulnerability and then identifying its spatial distribution pattern will contribute to understanding vulnerability and the development of risk-reduction strategies. We select the European winter wheat growing area as the study area and a 0.5° × 0.5° grid as the basic assessment unit. Winter wheat drought vulnerability curves are established based on the Erosion-Productivity Impact Calculator model simulation. Their loss transmutation and loss extent characteristics are quantitatively analyzed by the key points and cumulative loss rate, respectively, and are then synthetically identified VIA K-means clustering. The results show the following. (1) The regional yield loss rate starts to rapidly increase from 0.13 when the drought index reaches 0.18 and then converts to a relatively stable stage with the value of 0.74 when the drought index reaches 0.66. (2) The stage transitions of the vulnerability curve lag in the southern mountain area, indicating a stronger tolerance to drought in the system, in contrast to the Pod Plain. (3) According to the loss characteristics during the initial, development and attenuation stages, the vulnerability curves can be divided into five clusters, namely, Low-Low-Low, Low-Low-Medium, Medium-Medium-Medium, High-High-High and Low-Medium-High loss types, corresponding to the spatial distribution from low latitude to high latitude and from mountain to plain. It is recommended to improve the integrated mitigation capability in the Medium-Medium-Medium-loss and High-High-High -loss areas and to develop the ability to mitigate droughts in the 0.3–0.6 intensity range, as non-engineering measures for the droughts greater than 0.6 intensity in low-medium-high areas are needed.
A volcanic hazard demonstration exercise to assess and mitigate the
impacts of volcanic ash clouds on civil and military aviation
Authors: Hirtl Marcus , Arnold Delia , Baro Rocio , Brenot Hugues , Coltelli Mauro , Eschbacher Kurt , Hard-Stremayer Helmut , Lipok Florian , Maurer Christian , Meinhard Dieter , Mona Lucia , Mulder Marie D. , Papagiannopoulos Nikolaos , Pernsteiner Michael , Plu Matthieu , Robertson Lennart , Rokitansky Carl-Herbert , Scherllin-Pirscher Barbara , Sievers Klaus , Sofiev Mikhail , Som de Cerff Wim , Steinheimer Martin , Stuefer Martin , Theys Nicolas , Uppstu Andreas , Wagenaar Saskia , Winkler Roland , Wotawa Gerhard , Zobl Fritz , Zopp Raimund
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Volcanic eruptions comprise one of the most important airborne hazards for aviation. Although significant events are rare, they have a very high impact. The current state of tools and abilities to mitigate aviation hazards associated with an assumed volcanic cloud was tested within an international demonstration exercise. Experts in the field assembled at the Schwarzenberg barracks in Salzburg, Austria, in order to simulate the sequence of procedures for the volcanic case scenario of an artificial eruption of Etna volcano in Italy. The scope of the exercise ranged from the detection of the assumed event to the issuance of early warnings. Volcanic emission concentration charts were generated applying modern ensemble techniques. The exercise products provided an important basis for decision making for aviation traffic management during a volcanic eruption crisis. By integrating the available wealth of data, observations and modelling results directly into a widely used flight planning software, it was demonstrated that route optimization measures could be implemented effectively. With timely and rather precise warnings available, the new tools and processes tested during the exercise demonstrated vividly that a vast majority of flights could be conducted despite a volcanic plume widely dispersed within a high-traffic airspace over Europe. The resulting number of flight cancellations was minimal.
Beyond the Dyad: Employee Networks, Social Influence, and the Performance of Interpersonal Forms of Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Settoon Randall
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between ICB performance and three network properties theorized to produce behavioral conformance: strong ties, relational embeddedness, and structural equivalence. Results of a multiple regression QAP of sociometric data provided by 33 facilities and maintenance employees of a large medical center showed that structurally equivalent employees performed similar levels of both instrumental and supportive ICB. Additionally, relational embeddedness was associated with similarity in the performance of supportive ICB. Interestingly, the network variables explained variance in ICB beyond that explained by antecedents of high-quality, dyadic exchange. These findings provide evidence that the larger social context can produce conformity in ICB performance through symbolic role-taking and normative compliance processes.
Exploración de modelos predictivos de consumo de tabaco en adolescentes salvadoreños
Authors: Sifontes Manuel Alfaro , Martínez Marcela Lizano
Published: August 2019

Determinar la prevalencia de obesidad, sobrepeso y desnutrición en estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Evangélica de El Salvador. Esta investigación cuantitativa, transversal y de tipo descriptivo, se realizó en el 2009 en la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la UEES y se evaluaron 293 estudiantes. Las variables estudiadas incluyeron edad, genero, índice de masa corporal, actividad física, hábitos alimentarios, compromiso sistémico e hidratación. El 68.6% eran de género femenino y el 31.4% de género masculino, con edades entre 21 y 23 años. La prevalencia para desnutrición fue del 23.89%, 13.32% para sobrepeso leve, 9.57% para sobrepeso moderado, 5.8 % para obesidad, 4.79% para obesidad mórbida y un 42.66% de los estudiantes presentaron un índice de masa corporal normal. El 42.66% de los estudiantes evaluados presenta  un índice de masa corporal normal; pero en su conjunto el 57.34% de los estudiantes están mal-nutridos siendo la sobre-nutrición (33.48%) el problema más grave seguido de la desnutrición (23.89%); lo que sugiere la ampliación de este estudio incluyendo a estudiantes de todas las carreras para la futura implementación de programas de orientación nutricional y prácticas de actividad física supervisada.
A state of the art review on the analytical simulation of ceiling, piping and partitions
Authors: Soroushian Siavash , Rahmanishamsi Esmaeel , Maragakis Emmanuel M.
Published: August 2019

It is well understood from past earthquakes and experimental studies that non-structural systems suffer more damage and sustain greater losses when compared to structural members. Also, recent years have witnessed significant progress in analytical simulation of non-structural systems. Among these non-structural systems, acoustical lay-in suspended ceilings, fire sprinkler piping and light-gauge steel-frame gypsum partition walls were paid more attention as they contributed to the major construction effort inside a building and damage losses during past earthquakes. This state-of-the-art paper aims to make a comprehensive survey on the recent modelling techniques and sketches a vision for future analytical works that can help the community better assess and improve the seismic performance of acoustical lay-in suspended ceilings, fire sprinkler piping and non-structural light-gauge steel-frame gypsum partition walls.
Seismic assessment and improvement of unreinforced stone masonry buildings
Authors: Giaretton Marta , Dizhur Dmytro , Da Porto Francesca , Ingham Jason M.
Published: August 2019

Following the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes considerable effort was applied to the task of developing industry guidance for the seismic assessment, repair and strengthening of unreinforced masonry buildings. The recently updated “Section 10” of NZSEE 2006 is one of the primary outputs from these efforts, in which a minor amount of information is introduced regarding vintage stone unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings. Further information is presented herein to extend the resources readily available to New Zealand practitioners regarding load-bearing stone URM buildings via a literature review of the traditional European approach to this topic and its applicability to the New Zealand stone URM building stock.

An informative background to typical stone URM construction is presented, including population, geometric, structural and material characteristics. The European seismic vulnerability assessment procedure is then reported, explaining each step in sequence of assessment by means of preliminary inspection (photographic, geometric, structural and crack pattern surveys) and investigation techniques, concluding with details of seismic improvement interventions. The challenge in selecting the appropriate intervention for each existing URM structure is associated with reconciling the differences between heritage conservation and engineering perspectives to reinstating the original structural strength. Traditional and modern techniques are discussed herein with the goal of preserving heritage values and ensuring occupant safety. A collection of Annexes are provided that summarise the presented information in terms of on-site testing, failure mechanisms and seismic improvement.
Panel connection details in existing New Zealand precast concrete buildings
Authors: Seifi Pouya , Henry Richard S. , Ingham Jason M.
Published: August 2019

Following the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes the seismic design of buildings with precast concrete panels has received significant attention. Although this form of construction generally performed adequately in Christchurch, there were a considerable number of precast concrete panel connection failures. This observation prompted a review of more than 4700 panel details from 108 buildings to establish representative details used in both existing and new multi-storey and low rise industrial precast concrete buildings in three major New Zealand cities of Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch. Details were collected from precast manufacturers and city councils and were categorised according to type. The detailing and quantity of each reviewed connection type in the sampled data is reported, and advantages and potential deficiencies of each connection type are discussed. The results of this survey provide a better understanding of the relative prevalence of common detailing used in precast concrete panels and guidance for the design of future experimental studies.
Equivalent frame modelling of an unreinforced masonry building with flexible diaphragms
Authors: Nakamura Yasuto , Derakhshan Hossein , Sheikh Abdul H. , Ingham Jason M. , Griffith Michael C.
Published: August 2019

A case study was conducted to investigate the applicability of the equivalent frame modelling for the nonlinear time-history analysis of unreinforced masonry buildings with flexible diaphragms. The dynamic responses calculated from the equivalent frame models were compared against shake table test results of a full-scale two-storey stone masonry building. The investigated modelling approach reflected the simplifications commonly assumed for the global analysis of buildings; namely, considering the diaphragms to behave elastically and neglecting the stiffness and strength contributions of the out-of-plane responding walls. The sensitivity of the analysis to different idealisations of the equivalent frame, as well as to the diaphragm stiffness values, were also investigated. Discussions are provided on the accuracies and limitations of the investigated modelling approach, which may serve as a useful guidance for practical application.
Knowhow over het managen van beleidsonderzoek
Authors: Vermeulen Marc
Published: August 2019

Knowhow over het managen van beleidsonderzoek

Recensie van het boek Management van beleidsonderzoek. Handreiking voor verdere professionalisering van een dynamisch vakgebied, onder redactie van Bart Dekker, Peter van Hoesel en Yvonne Prince, Den Haag: Boom Lemma uitgevers 2011
Rozważania o przestrzeniach publicznych
Authors: Budzyński Marek , Ilmurzyńska Krystyna
Published: August 2019

P rzedmiotem a rtykułu są rozważania o podstawach
funkcjonowania przestrzeni publicznej we współczesnym mieście
wobec zaniku tradycyjnych sposobów użytkowania tej przestrzeni,
które uformowały historyczne miasta. Przestrzeń publiczna może być
odczytywana jako istota mitu miasta tradycyjnego lub jako istota mitu
miasta zwartego – metropolii. Obydwa mity stanowią podstawę
nowych dróg rozwoju miejskiej przestrzeni publicznej: lokalną i globalną.
W Warszawie największy potencjał życia społecznego wydają
się mieć przestrzenie uznawane za „nieurządzone” i „niezagospodarowane”,
lecz intensywnie użytkowane, o wyrazistej funkcji społecznej.
Mają one potencjał wytworzenia formy miejskiej przestrzeni publicznej,
o ile będzie ona syntezą istniejących sposobów użytkowania.
Równolegle z rozwojem lokalnych przestrzeni publicznych poza
centrum miasta należy zapewnić w nich miejsce dla globalizacji.
Os diferentes interesses nas operações de paz: casos Canadense e Brasileiro
Authors: Pires Barbosa Barreto Jéssica , Martins de Albuquerque Beatriz
Published: August 2019

Apesar do discurso humanitário envolvendo as Operações de Paz da Organização das Nações Unidas, Estados possuem interesses que vão além dessa conotação de ajuda coletiva. Assim, o artigo analisa de que forma países usam as operações para seus próprios objetivos, como plataforma para projeção, observando os casos canadense e brasileiro.
Implicações práticas das Missões de Paz Híbridas: um estudo comparado entre UNAMID e UNAMIR
Authors: Pagot Rhaíssa , Ernst Kelly Patrícia
Published: August 2019

A demora da ONU em tratar o genocídio em Ruanda (1993) refletiu no massacre em Darfur (2004). Nesse último caso, foi criada uma missão de paz híbrida com a União Africana. Partindo da comparação entre elas, refuta-se que a condução da missão seja afetada somente pela sua composição.
The “Left Turn” and the Latin American countries’ discourses about the UN Peace Operations around the world
Authors: Carvalho Thales Leonardo de
Published: August 2019

This article argues that the political orientation of the government in office in a country may affect its positioning regarding the United Nations Peace Operations. In order to demonstrate that, in this study I compare what is said by officials of leftist and rightist Latin American countries about peacekeeping in UNSC, since the 1990s.
A contribuição brasileira para as Operações de Paz das Nações Unidas no século XXI: do envio de tropas à cooperação normativa e doutrinária
Authors: Dos Santos Ricardo Oliveira
Published: August 2019

Tradicionalmente classificado na categoria de “contribuinte simbólico” de tropas para as Operações de Paz das Nações Unidas, o Brasil, recentemente, vem desenvolvendo novas formas de assistência aos esforços coletivos de manutenção da paz e segurança internacional. O artigo analisa as recentes contribuições normativas e doutrinárias brasileiras à organização.
Rotary Wireless Inductive Transmitter Powered by ZVS Resonant Convertor
Authors: Arnaudov Dimitar D. , Madzharov Nikolay D. , Hinov Nikolay L.
Published: August 2019

In this work, an inductive wireless power transfer module powered by resonant converter is studied. The system consists of a zero voltage switching resonant converter and a rotary wireless power transmitter. The design of the rotary wireless power transmitter is presented. Simulation and experimental studies of the system confirm reliable operation of the power electronic converter with a wide range of loads. The zero voltage switching is maintained without significant adjustments in the switching frequency. This improves the system stability with variations in the air gap between transmitting and receiving modules or the magnetic coupling ratio. The studied system is suitable for powering loads placed on a rotating platform or other applications where the disadvantages of moving electrical contacts are undesirable.
Improving sustainable use of genetic resources in biodiversity archives
Authors: Tuschhoff E J , Hutter Carl R , Glor Richard E
Published: August 2019

Tissue sample databases housed in biodiversity archives represent a vast trove of genetic resources, and these tissues are frequently destructively subsampled and provided to researchers for DNA extractions and subsequent sequencing. While obtaining a sufficient quantity of DNA for downstream applications is vital for these researchers, it is also important to preserve tissue resources for future use given that the original material is destructively and consumptively sampled with each use. It is therefore necessary to develop standardized tissue subsampling and loaning procedures to ensure that tissues are being used efficiently. In this study, we specifically focus on the efficiency of DNA extraction methods by using anuran liver and muscle tissues maintained at a biodiversity archive. We conducted a series of experiments to test whether current practices involving coarse visual assessments of tissue size are effective, how tissue mass correlates with DNA yield and concentration, and whether the amount of DNA recovered is correlated with sample age. We found that tissue samples between 2 mg and 8 mg resulted in the most efficient extractions, with tissues at the lower end of this range providing more DNA per unit mass and tissues at the higher end of this range providing more total DNA. Additionally, we found no correlation between tissue age and DNA yield. Because we find that even very small tissue subsamples tend to yield far more DNA than is required by researchers for modern sequencing applications (including whole genome shotgun sequencing), we recommend that biodiversity archives consider dramatically improving sustainable use of their archived material by providing researchers with set quantities of extracted DNA rather than with the subsampled tissues themselves.
Tubular membranes extended between monolayer cells, from solid spheroids, and from clustered hollow spheroids in Ishikawa endometrial cell cultures can carry chromatin granules and mitonucleons
Authors: Fleming Honoree
Published: August 2019

Membrane tubular extensions, recently recognized an important communication element in mammalian cells are demonstrated to form in Ishikawa endometrial epithelial cells growing in monolayers, and to extend from solid spheroids and from clustered hollow spheroids. Two kinds of chromatin cargoes travel through these tubules. Chromatin granules can pass through an endometrial tubule bridge extending from one monolayer fragment to another. The passage of granules over time from one of the fragments appears to support the self-assembly of nuclei in the other colony fragment. Similarly, in a process detected by observing an open-ended membrane tubule extending from a solid cell spheroid, a nucleus was observed to form over a period of 3 hours. Indications are that chromatin granules such as those observed in the amitotic processes of epithelial dome cell formation and of hollow spheroid cell formation are contributing to the build up of nuclei. Mitonucleons, a transient subcellular organelle consisting of fused mitochondria intimately associated with aggregated chromatin are also observed to pass through tubular membrane extensions. Multiple membrane extensions can be shown to to extend from clusters of unicellular polyploid hollow spheroids whose formation is described for the first time in this paper.
Noroviruses subvert the core stress granule component G3BP1 to promote viral VPg-dependent translation
Authors: Hosmillo Myra , Lu Jia , McAllaster Michael R , Eaglesham James B , Wang Xinjie , Emmott Edward , Domingues Patricia , Chaudhry Yasmin , Fitzmaurice Tim J , Tung Matthew KH , Panas Marc Dominik , McInerney Gerald , Locker Nicolas , Wilen Craig B , Goodfellow Ian G
Published: August 2019

Knowledge of the host factors required for norovirus replication has been hindered by the challenges associated with culturing human noroviruses. We have combined proteomic analysis of the viral translation and replication complexes with a CRISPR screen, to identify host factors required for norovirus infection. The core stress granule component G3BP1 was identified as a host factor essential for efficient human and murine norovirus infection, demonstrating a conserved function across the Norovirus genus. Furthermore, we show that G3BP1 functions in the novel paradigm of viral VPg-dependent translation initiation, contributing to the assembly of translation complexes on the VPg-linked viral positive sense RNA genome by facilitating ribosome recruitment. Our data uncovers a novel function for G3BP1 in the life cycle of positive sense RNA viruses and identifies the first host factor with pan-norovirus pro-viral activity.
Defined neuronal populations drive fatal phenotype in a mouse model of Leigh syndrome
Authors: Bolea Irene , Gella Alejandro , Sanz Elisenda , Prada-Dacasa Patricia , Menardy Fabien , Bard Angela M , Machuca-Márquez Pablo , Eraso-Pichot Abel , Mòdol-Caballero Guillem , Navarro Xavier , Kalume Franck , Quintana Albert
Published: August 2019

Mitochondrial deficits in energy production cause untreatable and fatal pathologies known as mitochondrial disease (MD). Central nervous system affectation is critical in Leigh Syndrome (LS), a common MD presentation, leading to motor and respiratory deficits, seizures and premature death. However, only specific neuronal populations are affected. Furthermore, their molecular identity and their contribution to the disease remains unknown. Here, using a mouse model of LS lacking the mitochondrial complex I subunit Ndufs4, we dissect the critical role of genetically-defined neuronal populations in LS progression. Ndufs4 inactivation in Vglut2-expressing glutamatergic neurons leads to decreased neuronal firing, brainstem inflammation, motor and respiratory deficits, and early death. In contrast, Ndufs4 deletion in GABAergic neurons causes basal ganglia inflammation without motor or respiratory involvement, but accompanied by hypothermia and severe epileptic seizures preceding death. These results provide novel insight in the cell type-specific contribution to the pathology, dissecting the underlying cellular mechanisms of MD.
Neuropeptide F regulates courtship in Drosophila through a male-specific neuronal circuit
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Ganguly Anindya , Huang Jia , Wang Yijin , Ni Jinfei D , Gurav Adishthi S , Aguilar Morris A , Montell Craig
Published: August 2019

Male courtship is provoked by perception of a potential mate. In addition, the likelihood and intensity of courtship are influenced by recent mating experience, which affects sexual drive. Using Drosophila melanogaster, we found that the homolog of mammalian neuropeptide Y, neuropeptide F (NPF), and a cluster of male-specific NPF (NPFM) neurons, regulate courtship through affecting courtship drive. Disrupting NPF signaling produces sexually hyperactive males, which are resistant to sexual satiation, and whose courtship is triggered by sub-optimal stimuli. We found that NPFM neurons make synaptic connections with P1 neurons, which comprise the courtship decision center. Activation of P1 neurons elevates NPFM neuronal activity, which then act through NPF receptor neurons to suppress male courtship, and maintain the proper level of male courtship drive.
Automated language essay scoring systems: a literature review
Authors: Hussein Mohamed Abdellatif , Hassan Hesham , Nassef Mohammad
Published: August 2019

Background

Writing composition is a significant factor for measuring test-takers’ ability in any language exam. However, the assessment (scoring) of these writing compositions or essays is a very challenging process in terms of reliability and time. The need for objective and quick scores has raised the need for a computer system that can automatically grade essay questions targeting specific prompts. Automated Essay Scoring (AES) systems are used to overcome the challenges of scoring writing tasks by using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and machine learning techniques. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature for the AES systems used for grading the essay questions.

Methodology

We have reviewed the existing literature using Google Scholar, EBSCO and ERIC to search for the terms “AES”, “Automated Essay Scoring”, “Automated Essay Grading”, or “Automatic Essay” for essays written in English language. Two categories have been identified: handcrafted features and automatically featured AES systems. The systems of the former category are closely bonded to the quality of the designed features. On the other hand, the systems of the latter category are based on the automatic learning of the features and relations between an essay and its score without any handcrafted features. We reviewed the systems of the two categories in terms of system primary focus, technique(s) used in the system, the need for training data, instructional application (feedback system), and the correlation between e-scores and human scores. The paper includes three main sections. First, we present a structured literature review of the available Handcrafted Features AES systems. Second, we present a structured literature review of the available Automatic Featuring AES systems. Finally, we draw a set of discussions and conclusions.

Results

AES models have been found to utilize a broad range of manually-tuned shallow and deep linguistic features. AES systems have many strengths in reducing labor-intensive marking activities, ensuring a consistent application of scoring criteria, and ensuring the objectivity of scoring. Although many techniques have been implemented to improve the AES systems, three primary challenges have been identified. The challenges are lacking of the sense of the rater as a person, the potential that the systems can be deceived into giving a lower or higher score to an essay than it deserves, and the limited ability to assess the creativity of the ideas and propositions and evaluate their practicality. Many techniques have only been used to address the first two challenges.
Pay attention and you won’t lose it: a deep learning approach to sequence imputation
Authors: Sucholutsky Ilia , Narayan Apurva , Schonlau Matthias , Fischmeister Sebastian
Published: August 2019

In most areas of machine learning, it is assumed that data quality is fairly consistent between training and inference. Unfortunately, in real systems, data are plagued by noise, loss, and various other quality reducing factors. While a number of deep learning algorithms solve end-stage problems of prediction and classification, very few aim to solve the intermediate problems of data pre-processing, cleaning, and restoration. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks have previously been proposed as a solution for data restoration, but they suffer from a major bottleneck: a large number of sequential operations. We propose using attention mechanisms to entirely replace the recurrent components of these data-restoration networks. We demonstrate that such an approach leads to reduced model sizes by as many as two orders of magnitude, a 2-fold to 4-fold reduction in training times, and 95% accuracy for automotive data restoration. We also show in a case study that this approach improves the performance of downstream algorithms reliant on clean data.
No evidence for negative impacts of acute sulfoxaflor exposure on bee olfactory conditioning or working memory
Authors: Siviter Harry , Scott Alfie , Pasquier Grégoire , Pull Christopher D. , Brown Mark J.F. , Leadbeater Ellouise
Published: August 2019

Systemic insecticides such as neonicotinoids and sulfoximines can be present in the nectar and pollen of treated crops, through which foraging bees can become acutely exposed. Research has shown that acute, field realistic dosages of neonicotinoids can negatively influence bee learning and memory, with potential consequences for bee behaviour. As legislative reassessment of neonicotinoid use occurs globally, there is an urgent need to understand the potential risk of other systemic insecticides. Sulfoxaflor, the first branded sulfoximine-based insecticide, has the same mode of action as neonicotinoids, and may potentially replace them over large geographical ranges. Here we assessed the impact of acute sulfoxaflor exposure on performance in two paradigms that have previously been used to illustrate negative impacts of neonicotinoid pesticides on bee learning and memory. We assayed whether acute sulfoxaflor exposure influences (a) olfactory conditioning performance in both bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) and honeybees (Apis mellifera), using a proboscis extension reflex assay, and (b) working memory performance of bumblebees, using a radial-arm maze. We found no evidence to suggest that sulfoxaflor influenced performance in either paradigm. Our results suggest that despite a shared mode of action between sulfoxaflor and neonicotinoid-based insecticides, widely-documented effects of neonicotinoids on bee cognition may not be observed with sulfoxaflor, at least at acute exposure regimes.
A gestão do conhecimento na percepção dos secretários executivos de uma instituição federal de ensino
Authors: Carvalho Danielle Santos da Silva , Barreto Laís Karla da Silva , Brito Lydia Maria Pinto , Neto Manoel Pereira da Rocha
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo é um recorte da dissertação intitulada “A gestão do conhecimento na percepção dos secretários executivos de uma instituição federal de ensino” (UNP, 2018) no qual o objetivo foi analisar o estágio atual da Gestão do Conhecimento (GC) na percepção dos secretários executivos de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino do Nordeste Brasileiro. O modelo teórico utilizado foi o de Bukowitz e Williams (2002) com definição de variáveis em Brito, Oliveira e Castro (2012). Tratou-se de uma pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa que se configurou como um estudo de caso. Utilizando-se o modelo de diagnóstico foram investigadas as sete seções do conhecimento em seus níveis tático e estratégico. Os dados obtidos foram tratados em planilha eletrônica, onde os indicadores de Gestão do Conhecimento foram padronizados de acordo com Castro (2011). Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram os 15 secretários executivos da instituição estudada. Os resultados sinalizaram valores superiores aos propostos por Bukowitz e Williams (2002), retratando uma organização com resultado considerado satisfatório para obtenção, construção, contribuição e utilização do conhecimento e um resultado de moderado para fraco no que se refere a aprendizagem, avaliação e descarte de informações. Observou-se que a organização precisa investir na capacitação de pessoas que exerçam a liderança em conhecimento, estimulando as equipes a explorarem seu potencial, refletindo sobre como seu trabalho pode trazer benefícios a instituição. As entrevistas realizadas com os profissionais lotados na reitoria serviram para enriquecer a pesquisa e agregar informações que possam ser utilizadas para a melhoria da gestão da informação organizacional.