bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Heterogeneous Cross-domain Identity Authentication and Control in Cloud Environment
Authors: Xu Kai , Yu Feifei , Yang Zhi , Zhang Jianjun , Song Zhiguang , Liang Shitan
Published: February 2025

To fulfill the need for cross-domain authentication in a hybrid cloud setting, the study focuses on identity authentication schemes that bridge various password systems, the author proposes a study on heterogeneous cross domain identity authentication and control in cloud environments. Introduce a multi center authentication management mechanism based on PKI to control and track the anonymous identities of users in different password system security domains. In the process of bidirectional authentication between users and cloud service providers, the scheme successfully negotiates session keys and converts anonymous identities across different password systems. Results indicate that the cloud-based cross-domain identity authentication scheme, without certificate signatures, involves three exponential operations during user registration, four exponential operations and three bilinear operations during the initial cross-domain authentication, and three bilinear operations during subsequent cross-domain stages. Meanwhile, the identity authentication scheme based on PTPM and certificateless public key requires three exponential operations during user registration, five exponential operations and three bilinear operations during the initial cross-domain authentication, and three bilinear operations during repeated cross-domain phases. This scheme achieves cross domain authentication in heterogeneous systems and uses lower computation time for dot multiplication and hash operations. Compared to other schemes, it achieves better computational efficiency while completing cross domain authentication in heterogeneous systems, while compared to the EIMAKP scheme, it has better computational efficiency. This approach effectively safeguards against replay, substitution, and man-in-the-middle attacks, ensuring secure cross-domain identity authentication across diverse password systems. It balances robust security measures with computational efficiency, thereby enhancing overall system reliability and integrity.
The Operation and Maintenance Strategy of Smart Grid based on Intelligent Perception and Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Li Dexiong , Huo Junyi , Wang Yu , Li Jing , Jin Huichao
Published: February 2025

Due to the existence of a sensor model, the state perception of the distribution network can obtain higher RMSE. Because of this situation, this topic intends to use artificial intelligence technology to realize the embedded sensing system of stable operation of distribution network: Front-end sensor and wireless inlet design. According to the stable operation characteristics of the distribution network, a stable data collection system is established. Various algorithms based on data unification and identification are proposed to sense calculation parameters. An adaptive dynamic stability detection method is designed based on a deep neural network. Experiments show that an RMSE of 0.031 can be obtained by this method. This method can realize the accurate perception of the running state of the distribution network.
Sleep Disorders and Reproductive Health: Mechanisms, Consequences, and Potential Interventions
Authors: Rosa-Bończak Magdalena , Marta Patrycja , Huzarski Filip Maciej , Pawełek Klaudia Anna , Ferfecka Gabriela Monika , Ossolińska Agata , Morawiecka Natalia , Stolarska Lucyna , Carlton Oliver , Kłosowicz Weronika
Published: February 2025

Introduction
The role of sleep in maintaining the body's homeostasis has been the subject of an increasing number of scientific studies, with reproductive health also being dependent on it. Reduced fertility, resulting from the deterioration of reproductive cell quality due to hormonal imbalances, may be a consequence of sleep deprivation. Chronic stress, obesity, and other factors accompanying sleep disturbances can impair the functioning of hormonal axes, ultimately leading to oxidative stress—a metabolic basis for fertility issues. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of sleep disorders on reproductive health, focusing on the mechanisms, clinical consequences, and potential therapeutic interventions.
 
 
Materials and Methods
This article is based on an analysis of scientific literature concerning the impact of sleep disturbances on reproductive health, utilizing data from databases such as PubMed, Frontiers, and Google Scholar. Studies in fields such as endocrinology, sleep medicine, gynecology, andrology, and psychology were included. Both primary research and systematic reviews, as well as meta-analyses with high methodological quality and statistical significance, were analyzed. This approach provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between sleep and fertility, considering both biological and psychological mechanisms.
Conclusions
In both sexes, sleep disturbances can lead to reproductive health problems due to hormonal imbalances, resulting in the deterioration of reproductive cell quality. Factors such as obesity, stress, or shift work further increase the risk of infertility. Recent findings emphasize that mindfulness techniques, cognitive-behavioral therapy, improved sleep hygiene, and even melatonin supplementation may contribute to the success of infertility treatments, including assisted reproductive techniques. It is crucial to raise public awareness about the role of sleep and stress in fertility issues. However, further research is needed to better understand these relationships and develop personalized therapies.
Impact of Alternative Diets on Athletes: Analyzing Influence on Athletic Performance
Authors: Mędyk Jolanta , Rogulski Michał , Patarocha Yauheniya , Ślusarska Aleksandra , Błasiak Paulina , Wirkijowska Małgorzata , Mikołajec Patryk , Huk Ruslan , Bilecka Barbara , Wirkijowski Jakub
Published: February 2025

Diet plays a significant role in athletes' lives due to its impact on both their performance and health. Gaining a deeper insight into how diet affects athletic outcomes is crucial for designing nutritional strategies that meet the unique demands and goals of each athlete. While a variety of studies have examined different aspects of sports nutrition, there is still a clear need for further investigation in this field. This review examines the effects of alternative dietary approaches, including plant-based diets, ketogenic diets, and intermittent fasting, on athletic health and performance. Drawing on research published from 2014 to 2024, the focus is placed on experimental and systematic studies. The findings suggest that well-planned plant-based diets can deliver notable health benefits, lower the risk of chronic illnesses, and enhance aerobic capacity without hindering performance. In contrast, ketogenic diets, while potentially effective for weight loss, present concerns related to cardiovascular and bone health and may impair performance in high-intensity activities. Intermittent fasting, though showing little impact on resistance training, might negatively affect endurance performance. Overall, plant-based diets stand out as offering the most favorable combination of health advantages and performance support. To enable athletes to make well-informed dietary choices that align with their specific needs, further studies with improved methodologies are essential.
The Role of Physical Activity in Pregnancy: Impact on Preeclampsia, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, and Labor Outcomes
Authors: Woźniak Paulina , Wietrzykowska Ewa , Gajek-Flanczewska Wiktoria , Flanczewski Sebastian , Wirkijowska Małgorzata , Wirkijowski Jakub , Wójtowicz Katarzyna , Walczak Agata , Sobolewska Dominika , Michalczyk-Fraszka Katarzyna , Śliwińska Martyna , Podraza Anna
Published: February 2025

Physical activity (PA) is of crucial importance when aiming to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Pregnancy is a period in which many hormonal and physiological changes occur, sometimes leading to development of diseases such as gestational diabetes (GDM) and preeclampsia. In this systematic review the influence of regular PA both before and during gestation is investigated. The research gathered points towards the preventive nature of PA against GDM and preeclampsia, proving that regular exercise, especially of moderate and moderate-to-vigorous intensity, significantly reduces the risk of the development of both of these. Additionally, women with GDM treated with insulin who regularly participate in PA require a lower dosage compared to those leading sedentary lifestyles. On top of that, PA seems to have a beneficial influence on various labor outcomes, such as shortened active labor duration, lowered reported levels of pregnancy-related pain, improved psychological well-being, and increased chances of natural vaginal birth as opposed to cesarean section or instrumental birth.
Oral Contraceptives and Thyroid Results: Navigating the Complex Interactions and Clinical Implications
Authors: Morawska Maria , Kożuchowska Klaudia , Pilarz Dawid , Szewczyk Marcelina , Wolff Anna , Ufnal Julia , Lewandowska Dominika , Rosińska-Lewandoska Dominika , Udziela-Gil Helena , Jarosz Kinga
Published: February 2025

This review explores the complex interactions between birth control pills and thyroid function, emphasizing the potential for misinterpreted thyroid test results and the risks associated with inappropriate treatment. Birth control pills, widely used for contraception, influence thyroid hormone binding proteins, leading to altered thyroid function test results that may mimic thyroid dysfunction. This can result in unnecessary levothyroxine prescriptions, with significant health implications. Additionally, the paper examines historical and recent perspectives on the relationship between hormonal contraceptives and hypothyroidism, highlighting a shift from a perceived risk to evidence of protective effects. Practical recommendations for healthcare providers, including the prioritization of TSH and FT3 measurements, aim to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes. This synthesis of evidence underscores the importance of informed clinical decision-making in managing thyroid health for individuals using oral contraceptives.
Effect of open and locked exercise on cognitive function in older adults
Authors: Zou Yuping
Published: February 2025

Objective: The extension of life span and the decrease of fertility rate in the elderly population lead to the increasing aging proportion, and the natural growth of age is accompanied by aging. Cognitive diseases will emerge in large numbers at this stage, affecting the cognitive function of the elderly. Methods: The purpose of this review is to comprehensively explore the effects of open movement and locked exercise on cognitive function in the elderly. It discuss the specific effects and related neurobiological mechanisms of different types of exercise on cognitive function (including attention, memory, executive ability, etc.) in the elderly. Results: Open sports can effectively improve attention, executive function and cognitive flexibility in the elderly, and closed sports can have positive effects on memory and concentration by enhancing brain neuroplasticity and regulating neurotransmitters. Conclusion: although two types of movement on the cognitive function of the elderly has its emphasis, but overall, compared with closed movement, open movement in the elderly specific cognitive function (such as executive function, inhibitory control, task conversion, etc.) show more prominent effect, and help to reduce the brain caused by the age of atrophy and the risk of neurodegenerative changes.
ABITACOLO’ DE BRUNO MUNARI: INFANCIAS DOMÉSTICAS CONTEMPORÁNEAS
Authors: Eslava Cabanellas Clara
Published: February 2025

Desvelaremos en este artículo un escenario doméstico contemporáneo a través de la propuesta de Bruno Munari, quien, desde el recuerdo de la carencia en su infancia de un espacio doméstico propio, proyectaría un habitáculo, un objeto que trasciende sus límites físicos y su función ofreciendo un espacio propio, versátil y flexible, para los niños. Con el diseño de “Abitacolo”, del año 1970, Bruno Munari propone una domesticidad plenamente vigente hoy, una obra abierta a la acción y a la imaginación, un objeto bisagra entre el niño y su espacio, un fenómeno de mediación entre el yo y el mundo que nos permite viajar a través de las constelaciones de objetos y escenas que contiene, activando el ámbito doméstico que ocupa. Situándose en un umbral entre el rigor y el juego, entre la máquina y lo doméstico, Munari traslada la atención del objeto al ámbito y a la cuestión del habitar. Las vivencias del niño convierten a la infancia en un territorio excepcionalmente rico de la experiencia de lo doméstico. Surge así la intimidad de la habitación del niño como el soporte de constelaciones primordiales, como ámbito primigenio y cuna poética de las infinitas metáforas de la infancia. El mundo de los objetos y los relatos se superpone y permite al niño construir sus propias constelaciones organizando los ámbitos domésticos como territorios propios del juego, escenarios donde constructos imaginarios se superponen como experiencias transformadoras de la cotidianidad de lo real.
¿La inteligencia artificial puede ayudar a prevenir el suicidio en el personal sanitario?
Authors: Bustos-Viviescas Brian Johan , García Yerena Carlos Enrique , Luna Manjarres Javit Enrique
Published: February 2025

la inteligencia artificial (IA) se ha destacado por ofrecer herramientas favorables en el manejo de la salud mental en todo el personal sanitario, en consecuencia, las aplicaciones de la IA, como los chatbots y los asistentes virtuales, pueden ofrecer apoyo a el personal sanitario, permitiendo el monitoreo de los síntomas y también la educación y preparación continua, sin embargo, se debe tener precaución en la implementación de estas tecnologías, ya que se deben analizar y abordar con cautela las preocupaciones éticas y técnicas entre las que se destacan la privacidad de los datos y la precisión del diagnóstico.
La necesidad de un Observatorio Internacional de Neumoconiosis en 2025
Authors: López- Guillén Anselmo , León-Jiménez Antonio , Delgado-García Diemen , López-López Alan
Published: February 2025

Las neumoconiosis son enfermedades pulmonares laborales asociadas a la inhalación de polvo inorgánico. Su prevalencia varía ampliamente en el mundo, siendo más alta en sectores industriales sin regulación estricta. A pesar de las mejoras en países desarrollados, la incidencia de neumoconiosis persiste y aumenta en sectores emergentes, como la producción y manipulación de piedras artificiales. Estas patologías representan un riesgo para la salud pública global, especialmente en regiones con menores controles laborales. Proponemos un Observatorio Internacional de Neumoconiosis para monitorear la prevalencia e incidencia, evaluar medidas preventivas, y coordinar regulaciones internacionales. Esta entidad facilitaría el desarrollo de estrategias preventivas, intercambiaría conocimientos, y respondería a nuevas exposiciones. Una acción global y sostenida es esencial para reducir casos de neumoconiosis y proteger a los trabajadores más vulnerables.
Impact of nurses' working hours on patient safety indicators: comparing 8- and 12-hour shift patterns
Authors: Hussien Mahmoud Ahmed , Sudha Asha Raj , Almeer Thuraya
Published: February 2025

Background/Aims

There is uncertainty about how the length of nurses' shifts affect patient safety and outcomes. Although the 12-hour shift pattern has become more dominant in many healthcare systems, the length of these shifts may have implications for patient safety and quality of care. This study aimed to assess the effect of nurses' shift length on the number of reported clinical incidents, comparing 8- and 12-hour shifts, in Bahrain.

Methods

A cross-sectional design was used, with data collected retrospectively from the electronic database of one hospital in Bahrain that had changed from a 12-hour nursing shift pattern to an 8-hour shift pattern in September 2022. Data were collected on seven nursing-sensitive indicators of patient outcomes 12 months before and 12 months after this change, in the adult critical care and medical–surgical departments. The indicators were: falls, hospital-acquired pressure injuries, medical device-related pressure injuries, central line-associated blood stream infections, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, medication administration errors and medication documentation errors. The number and incidence rate (per 1000 patients) of indicators during the two time periods were compared using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. Significance was set at P>0.05.

Results

The incidence rate of medication administration errors was significantly higher during 8-hour shifts than 12-hour shifts (0.75 vs 0.17; P>0.01). There were no significant differences between the two shift patterns across the six other indicators. Incidence rates were lower during 12-hour shifts across five of the seven indicators in the adult critical care department, while rates were lower during 8-hour shifts across four of the seven indicators in the medical–surgical departments. However, these differences were not significant at P>0.05.

Conclusions

Increased incidence of medication administration errors may be a concern when switching from a 12-hour to an 8-hour nursing shift pattern. However, this study largely contradicts previous research that has indicated significant differences in patient safety incidents between 8- and 12-hour shift patterns.
Improving partial-thickness burn pain and outcomes using cultured epithelial allografts or highly concentrated surfactant-based dressings
Authors: Nguyen Melinda , Chen Joanna , Spurgeon-Hess Taylor , Kyoung Jun , Simman Richard
Published: February 2025

Objective:

The prevention and treatment of burn wounds has improved over the years, leading to decreased incidence, severity and mortality. However, burn injuries, particularly partial-thickness burns, have a painful treatment course which, if not optimised, can cause undue suffering to patients and prolonged recovery. Although silver sulfadiazine has been the most commonly accepted treatment for partial-thickness burns due to its strong hindrance of infection, wide availability and low cost, it requires daily dressing changes which are labour intensive and painful. Exploring alternative techniques, such as using cultured keratinocytes, to prevent and treat burn wounds may provide a path to better optimising the path to recovery.

Method:

This paper presents two cases that use two alternative treatments, either PluroGel (a gel surfactant, Medline Industries, US) or cultured keratinocytes, in the treatment of partial-thickness burns to minimise pain and enhance treatment experience.

Results:

Using surfactant-based treatments, such as the gel surfactant, in partial-thickness burns exhibited prohealing outcomes via enhanced antimicrobial effects, a strengthened physical barrier and cell salvage.

Conclusion:

Using cultured keratinocytes and a highly concentrated surfactant may achieve more rapid re-epithelialisation of partial-thickness burn wounds. These alternative techniques may offer significant advancement in the quality of care in burn injury treatment.
Genetic disorders leading to severe hyperlipidemia in children: A case report
Authors: Jiang Chun-Xin , Meng Yu-Lin , Chen Dong , Shi Lian-Ping , Yang Guang , Guo Yang , Zhang Bo , Zhai Zi-Chen , Wu Zhi-Jian , Liu Tie-Nan , Wang Zhi-Jun , Tian Xiao , Su Peng-Yu
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Alagille syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder involving multiple organ systems. Its most common manifestations are chronic cholestasis caused by intrahepatic bile duct deficiency and severe hypercholesterolemia as a result of impaired cholesterol metabolism. This report describes a patient with Alagille syndrome in whom a JAG1 mutation was detected by whole-exome sequencing.

CASE SUMMARY

The patient presented with severe hypercholesterolemia, biliary and hepatic impairment, pruritus, and triangular facial features. Mutations in the JAG1 gene, which encodes the Notch signaling pathway, were detected by whole-exome sequencing, leading to a diagnosis of Alagille syndrome. The patient was treated using a combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicines. Her cholesterol levels, liver function, and pruritus subsequently improved.

CONCLUSION

The possibility of Alagille syndrome should be considered in children who present with abnormal liver function and severe hypercholesterolemia. Genetic testing is needed to screen for disease-causing mutations and the disease can be treated with Traditional Chinese medicine.
THE CLASSIFICATION, PATHOANATOMY, AND RADIOLOGICAL OUTCOMES OF MEDIAL WALL BLOWOUT FRACTURES OF THE ANKLE
Authors: Aamir Junaid , Kumar Rahul Mohan , Ali Mustafa , Abdullah Bin Sahl , McEvoy James , Wyatt Craig , Pillai Anand , Mason Lyndon
Published: February 2025

Background

Medial wall blowout (MWB) ankle fractures have not previously been described in the literature. Our aim in this study was to analyse the morphology of medial wall blowout fractures and their radiological outcomes.

Methods

The MWB fracture fragments were characterised into four groups. A type 1A fracture was described as an anteromedial column fragmentation. Type 1B fractures consisted of posteromedial column fragmentation. Type 2 fracture consisted of both column wall fragmentation and type 3, any medial wall fragmentation with medial joint impaction.

Results

Over 2000 patients were identified across ten years with medial malleolar fractures across two centres; of these, 196 had MWB fractures with CT imaging. There were 95 1A fractures (48.5%), 31 1B fractures (15.8%), 40 Type 2 fractures (20.4%) and 30 type 3 fractures (15.3%). Type 1B fractures were significantly more likely to undergo plate fixation than other types (p = .001).

MWB fractures occurred most in PER fracture types (50.8%). Type 2 fractures were different because they occurred more with SER-type mechanisms. PM fractures were a common association (82.4%), most commonly M+M type 1. MWB type 1B occurred more with M+M 2B fractures.

The overall malreduction rate was 11.8%, although 1B fracture types had significantly higher malreductions (22.6%, p=.041). The overall nonunion rate was 20.6%, the highest nonunion reported in the type 2 fractures (33.3%), although not significant. Tibialis posterior tendon entrapment was common (47.3%), although it was significantly more likely in type 2 fractures (74.4%, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

The MWB fractures are an uninvestigated subtype of ankle fractures. The 1B type has a higher rate of malreduction, which could be due to its higher association with PM fractures. Tib post needs specific attention with these fracture types, especially Type 2 fractures.
CLINICAL COMPARISON OF FIXED-BEARING VERSUS MOBILE-BEARING TOTAL ANKLE ARTHROPLASTIES
Authors: Bitar Samer , Davenport James , Karski Michael , Ring Joseph , Smith Robert , Clough Timothy
Published: February 2025

Aims

We compared the clinical outcomes of a fixed bearing (Infinity) and a mobile bearing (Zenith) ankle replacement in a demographically similar group of patients, from a single, non designer centre.

Methods

Between December 2010 and May 2016, 118 consecutive mobile bearing prostheses (Zenith) and between September 2017 and November 2019, 118 consecutive fixed bearing (Infinity) prostheses were implanted in a total cohort of 230 patients. Demographic, clinical, and patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) data were collected. The end point of the study was failure of the implant requiring revision of one or more of the components. Kaplan Meier survival tables were generated.

Results

Demographics were similar for both groups (age, pre-operative arthritic diagnosis and co-morbidities). 32 patients (36 ankles) died during follow-up, but none required revision. Of the surviving 198 patients (200 ankles; 93 Zenith, 107 Infinity), mean follow-up was 9.1 years (6.0 – 13.1 years) for Zenith and 5.0 years for Infinity (3.6 – 6.8 years). A total of 11 implants (9.3%) failed for Zenith and 1 implant (0.8%) failed for Infinity, requiring revision. Average time to failure for Zenith was 3.4 years (0.4 – 10.5 years) and the time to failure for Infinity was 4.1 years. Implant survival at five years, using revision as an endpoint, was 91.3% for Zenith and 98.7% for Infinity. There was a mean improvement in Manchester-Oxford Foot and Ankle Questionnaire (MOXFQ) from 85.0 to 32.8 for Zenith and 79.3 to 26.4 for Infinity, and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores from 7.0 to 3.2 for Zenith and 6.9 to 2.7 for Infinity. The commonest reason for revision was aseptic loosening for both implants.

Conclusion

Our results show a significantly better survivorship for the fixed bearing over the mobile bearing prosthesis. Whilst the fixed bearing prosthesis had better PROMS scores, this was not significant.
Scalable fabrication of erbium-doped high-Q silica microtoroid resonators via sol-gel coating
Authors: Imamura Riku , Fujii Shun , Nagashima Keigo , Tanabe Takasumi
Published: February 2025

This study explores sol-gel methods for fabricating erbium-doped silica microtoroid resonators, addressing the limitations of conventional doping techniques and enhancing device scalability. We develop a reproducible sol-gel process that yields defect-free films for photonic applications and detail common defects and troubleshooting strategies. Two fabrication methods are compared: traditional film deposition on substrates and the direct coating of prefabricated resonators. The latter enables the fabrication of larger resonator diameters (up to 450 µm) without buckling while achieving a high-Q factor and a low lasing threshold of 350 µW. These erbium-doped resonators exhibit multi-mode laser oscillations at 1550 nm, revealing the sol-gel method’s potential for realizing scalable, gain-doped photonic devices.
Noise Impact of Classical Headers on the Quantum Payload in Quantum Wrapper Networking
Authors: Gul Gamze , Kanter Gregory , Tan Shannon , on mehmet berkay , Proietti Roberto , Yoo S. J. Ben , Kumar Prem
Published: February 2025

The fundamental properties of quantum mechanics, such as the no-cloning theorem, make management and control of quantum networks challenging. Quantum Wrapper Networking offers a solution to this problem by wrapping quantum payloads with classical bits that can be used to assist with networking, performance monitoring, and probing the properties of the fiber interconnection. Since the classical header and quantum payload travel in the same fiber, one should carefully design the system to mitigate potentially deleterious effects such as noise and cross-talk. In this paper, we identify and characterize the noise induced by the classical header by in-fiber scattering processes. We characterize the noise as a function of optical power, classical-quantum wavelength detuning, and optical fiber length for time and wavelength multiplexed O-band (~1310 nm) classical headers for O-band quantum signals. We demonstrate that the dominant noise contribution originates from Spontaneous Raman Scattering for wavelength detunings that are larger than 3 nm. We also observe that some noise photons can bleed into the quantum payload due to Rayleigh scattering of backward Raman scattered photons. However, we show that this associated noise level is negligible by investigating the impact of noise created by the classical headers on a 47.8 km deployed fiber link - the longest length used for QWN experiments, achieving a coincidence-to-accidentals ratio (CAR) of 218 and 88.9% two-photon interference visibility.
Linguistic changes in spontaneous speech for detecting Parkinson’s disease using large language models
Authors: Crawford Jonathan L.
Published: February 2025

Parkinson’s disease is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder with over ten million active cases worldwide and one million new diagnoses per year. Detecting and subsequently diagnosing the disease is challenging because of symptom heterogeneity with respect to complexity, as well as the type and timing of phenotypic manifestations. Typically, language impairment can present in the prodromal phase and precede motor symptoms suggesting that a linguistic-based approach could serve as a diagnostic method for incipient Parkinson’s disease. Additionally, improved linguistic models may enhance other approaches through fusion techniques. The field of large language models is advancing rapidly, presenting the opportunity to explore the use of these new models for detecting Parkinson’s disease and to improve on current linguistic approaches with high-dimensional representations of linguistics. We evaluate the application of state-of-the-art large language models to detect Parkinson’s disease automatically from spontaneous speech with up to 78% accuracy. We also demonstrate that large language models can be used to predict the severity of PD in a regression task. We further demonstrate that the better performance of large language models is due to their ability to extract more relevant linguistic features and not due to increased dimensionality of the feature space.
Genome wide association study reveals novel associations with face morphology
Authors: Alshehhi Aamer , Mousa Mira , Tay Guan K. , Werghi Naoufel , AlSafar Habiba
Published: February 2025

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on the Middle Eastern population, including the United Arab Emirates (UAE), have been relatively limited. The present study aims to investigate genotype-face morphology associations in the UAE population through Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS). Phenotypic data (44 face measurements) from 172 Emiratis was obtained through three-dimensional (3D) scanning technology and an automatic face landmarking technique. GWAS analysis revealed associations of 19 genetic loci with six face features, 14 of which are novel. The GWAS analysis revealed 11 significant relationships between 44 face parameters and 242 SNPs, exceeding the GWAS significance threshold. These phenotypes were previously associated with body height, craniofacial defects, and facial characters. The most significant associations of these genetic variations were related to six main facial features which were facial convexity, left orbital protrusion, mandibular contour, nasolabial angle D, inferior facial angle B, and inferior facial angle A. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first GWAS study to investigate the association of SNP variations with face morphology in the Middle Eastern population.
Flowing between gongs: Mixed-methods insights into shared flow and temporal distortion in music performance
Authors: Gibbs Hannah J. , Schiavio Andrea
Published: February 2025

Ideas of temporal distortion prevail in the discourse of flow research, where references are often made to “time flying”. Nonetheless, little research has investigated how flow affects time perception in terms of both directionality and surrounding context, particularly within shared flow. Simultaneously, temporal distortion during music listening has been explored, but little is known about how time is experienced by performers. With this in mind, we aimed to investigate whether time distortion is associated with the experience of shared flow state, and the awareness participants have towards influencing factors on such experiences, in the context of music performance. Four groups of Javanese gamelan ensembles (total N = 36, age in years M = 44.83, SD = 14.993, 47.2% female), played in three conditions. We collected qualitative and quantitative data; focus groups and follow-up surveys explored understandings of shared flow and time, while questionnaires included pre-validated scales and an item requiring participants to estimate how much time they thought had passed. Qualitative and mixed methods findings suggest an optimal middle ground of conditions for “time flying” to occur, akin to flow state. Meanwhile, quantitative results indicate a complex relationship between temporal distortion and shared flow, whereby the relationships are opposed under two shared flow factors.
The effects of L-carnitine and fructose in improved Ham’s F10 on sperm culture in idiopathic severe asthenospermia within 24h
Authors: Chang Dehui , Li Fudong , Kang Yindong , Yan Yixin , Kong Feiyan , Jiang Wei , Wang Dongxing , Cao Zhigang , Xu Liuting , Huang Chuang , Kang Yafen , Shang Xuejun , Zhang Bin
Published: February 2025

To study the effects of L-carnitine and fructose on semen parameters of severe asthenospermia patients by sperm culturing in vitro within 24h. We optimized the energy composition and antioxidant substances of sperm culture medium in vitro (based on Ham’s F10 culture medium) by orthogonal test for preparing high quality culture medium. Sperms of 60 patients with idiopathic severe asthenospermia were collected, and cultured in vitro within 24h, by Ham’s F10 culture medium added to different concentrations of L-carnitine and fructose and culture temperature, whose effects on sperm motility were observed to determine which is the most appropriate concentration and temperature. For determining the appropriate concentration of L-carnitine and fructose and the suitable culture temperature in Ham’s F10 culture medium, the orthogonal experiments were carried out to optimize above three factors, which had great influence on sperm viability, survival rate, deformity rate and DNA fragmentation index (DFI). The final concentration of L-carnitine and fructose was determined in terms of initial tests to assess the effects of different concentrations (4, 8, 12, and 16 mg/ml L-carnitine and 0.125, 0.250, 0.375, and 0.50 mg/ml fructose) on sperm viability and motility in culture. During the operation of processing and culturing sperms in vitro within 24h, orthogonal test showed that sperm viability was better at the final concentration of 8 mg/ml L-carnitine and 0.375 mg/ml fructose in improved Ham’s F10 culture medium at 36.5°C. Idiopathic severe asthenospermia sperm can be effectively improved by the modified Ham’s F10 culture medium of the final concentration of 8 mg/ml L-carnitine and 0.375 mg/ml fructose at 36.5°C within 24h, which has shown better culture effect and is superior to Ham’s F10 basic medium.
Saikosaponin A alleviates depressive-like behavior induced by reserpine in mice by regulating gut microflora and inflammatory responses
Authors: Wang Menglin , Li Haojun , Zhang Wenjing , Zhang Li , Wang Shun , Jia Miao , Jia Lu , Zhang Yu , Gao Haifei , Zhang Xianwu , Yin Zhaohui
Published: February 2025

Saikosaponin A (SSA), a key ingredient of Chaihu-Shugan-San, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidepressant properties. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of action and the effect of SSA on reserpine-induced depressive-like symptoms in mice. Establishing mouse model of depression using intraperitoneal injection of reserpine (RSP). Forced swimming test, tail suspension test and sucrose preference test were used to assess depression-like behavior in mice. The results showed that mice exposed to RSP not only showed weight loss and depressive behavior, but also elevated levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, as well as upregulated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxides in the hippocampus. Detection of changes in the intestinal flora of mice using 16S rRNA, it was observed that the intestinal flora changed following SSA treatment. Not only was there an increase in the overall abundance of the intestinal microbiota, but there was also a significant down-regulation of the Firmicutes and an up-regulation of the Verrucomicrobia at the phylum level. Furthermore, SSA treatment markedly improved depressive-like behavior induced by RSP, alleviated damage to the hippocampus, elevated levels of monoamine neurotransmitters, suppressed inflammatory factors in the hippocampus, reduced hippocampal oxidative stress, and restored gut microbiota disruption in RSP-induced mice. The findings propose that SSA has the potential to alleviate depressive symptoms in mice by enhancing monoamine neurotransmitter levels, suppressing hippocampal inflammation, and modifying gut microbial composition.
The effects of flight training on flying cadets’ brain structure
Authors: Wang Liang , Yang Chengshi , Yan Dongfeng , Ye Lu , Chen Xi , Ma Shan
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the impact of professional training on brain structure has sparked extensive research interest. Research into pilots as a high-demand, high-load, and high-cost occupation holds significant academic and economic value. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of flight training on the brain structure and cognitive functions of flying cadets. The structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data from 39 flying cadets and 37 general college students underwent analysis using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surface-based morphometry (SBM) methods to quantitatively detect and compute multiple indicators, including gray matter volume (GMV), curvature, mean curvature of the white matter surface (MC-WMS), the percentage of surface white matter gray matter (WM-GM percentage), surface Jacobi (S-Jacobi), and Gaussian curvature of white matter surface (GC-WMS). At the voxel level, the GMV in the left temporal pole: middle temporal gyrus region of flying cadets significantly decreased (Gaussian random field, GRF, P < 0.05). At the surface level, there was a significant increase in curvature, MC-WMS, and S-Jacobi in the lateral occipital region of flight cadets (Monte Carlo block level correction, MCBLC, P<0.05), a significant increase in WM-GM percentage in the cuneus region of flight cadets (MCBLC, P<0.05), and a significant increase in GC-WMS in the middle temporal region of flight cadets (MCBLC, P<0.05). In addition, these changes were correlated with behavioral tests. Research suggested that flight training might induce changes in certain brain regions of flying cadets, enabling them to adapt to evolving training content and environments, thereby enhancing their problem-solving and flight abilities. By analyzing multiple indicators at the voxel and surface levels in an integrated manner, it advances our understanding of brain structure, function, and plasticity, while also facilitating a more profound exploration of the neural mechanisms within the pilot’s brain.
Healthcare utilization during acute medically attended episodes of respiratory syncytial virus-related lower respiratory tract infection among infants in the United States
Authors: Gantenberg Jason R. , van Aalst Robertus , Diakun David R. , Bengtson Angela M. , Limone Brendan L. , Nelson Christopher B. , Savitz David A. , Zullo Andrew R.
Published: February 2025

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of infant hospitalization in the United States. Understanding healthcare utilization associated with medically attended (MA) RSV lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) might inform research priorities aimed at reducing RSV-associated pediatric morbidity. We described healthcare utilization during acute MA RSV LRTI episodes within a geographically diverse cohort of infants in the United States.

Methods

We created retrospective cohorts of infants born in the United States from July 1, 2016 through February 29, 2020 in each of three de-identified insurance claims datasets: Merative MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters, Multi-State MarketScan Medicaid, and Optum’s de-identified Clinformatics ® Data Mart. We identified infants’ first MA RSV LRTI diagnosis during their first RSV season and followed them for 7 subsequent days to record outpatient, emergency department, and inpatient hospital utilization. We calculated the number of outpatient visits, emergency department visits, and inpatient hospital stays occurring during this acute episode and estimated the proportion of episodes involving ≥ 2 visits to a given healthcare setting.

Results

In the CCAE database, we identified 25,409 acute MA RSV LRTI episodes under the specific RSV definition and 69,068 under the sensitive definition. In the MDCD database, these totals were 67,357 and 170,744, while in the CDM database, they were 12,402 and 31,363, respectively. Across data sources, 34%–69% of infants’ first acute MA RSV LRTI episodes involve 2 or more visits to a healthcare setting within 7 days. The percentage of episodes involving at least 2 visits ranged from 34–62% among healthy term infants, 38–65% for Palivizumab-eligible infants, and 38–69% for infants with other comorbidities.

Conclusions

Within a week of their first MA RSV LRTI diagnosis, infants frequently experience at least 2 visits to one or more healthcare settings, regardless of their comorbidity profile. The percentage of MA RSV LRTI episodes involving at least 2 visits to a healthcare setting may vary by insurance claims database, even between commercial payers.
Validity evidence for assessing social-emotional psychological strengths in Colombian adolescents using the SEHS-S
Authors: Riaño-Hernández Diana , Leenen Iwin , Ramírez-Conde Angelli , Atehortua-Rivera Paula A. , Piqueras José A.
Published: February 2025

Background

Covitality is a multidimensional hierarchical construct of core psychological strengths that synergistically promote resilience and well-being and that has been shown to be effective in preventing mental health problems in individuals of different age groups. The Covitality Model consists of 12 first-order latent factors, 4 second-order factors, and one general higher-order Covitality factor.

Purpose

In this study, we aim at obtaining validity evidence for the assessment of Covitality in Colombian adolescents by means of the Social Emotional Health Survey-Secondary (SEHS-S).

Method

A sample of 1461 adolescents responded the SEHS-S and four other instruments that measure well-being and distress. The internal structure of the SEHS-S was examined through confirmatory factor analyses as well as its relations with other variables.

Results

The hierarchical factor structure of the SEHS-S was supported (with goodness-of-fit statistics: χ2 = 1727.6, df = 578, p < .001; RMSEA = .037; SRMSR = .044; AGFI = .962; CFI = .940; and NNFI = .935) and configural and metric invariance across gender and age was confirmed; however, the assumption of scalar invariance across males and females and across age groups was violated for some items. Furthermore, we found moderate to high correlations (r = .56 –.68) of Covitality with related constructs.

Conclusion

As a conclusion, the SEHS-S can be considered a valid tool to assess psychological strengths, well-being, and resilience (i.e., Covitality) in Colombian adolescents, though further research is needed to explore the differences in item functioning across gender and age.
Adolescent weight management counseling: The effectiveness of an online training program for primary healthcare professionals in Indonesia
Authors: Agung Fransisca H. , Sekartini Rini , Sudarsono Nani , Hendarto Aryono , Werdhani Retno Asti , Dhamayanti Meita , Pudjiati Retno , Hanum Lathifah , Naufal Affan , Sawyer Susan M.
Published: February 2025

Background

Overweight and obesity are growing public health concerns globally for which innovative prevention and care delivery efforts are required. We recently developed a web-based training program to improve the quality of health professionals’ weight management counseling of adolescents in Indonesia. Having previously confirmed its acceptability, this study aimed to measure the effectiveness of the program through a randomized controlled trial.

Methods

We recruited 64 primary healthcare professionals from 17 provinces across Indonesia who were randomized to participate in a 4-week online training program (intervention group [IG, n = 32] or a waitlist control group [CG, n = 32]). Using active learning approaches, the training program focused on adolescent development, psychosocial assessment, motivational interviewing (MI), and parent engagement. Participants in each arm were asked to record two counseling sessions with adolescents. These were objectively rated by trained psychologists using a validated tool, and also by qualitative assessment of counseling quality. In both groups, the first recorded counseling session occurred before the training. The second recording took place after the training for IG participants, but not for CG participants.

Results

IG participants demonstrated significant improvements in their knowledge and counseling skills (p<0.001, t-test). This included improvements in introductory remarks, quality of psychosocial assessment, and MI skills. There was no change in the extent of parental involvement. The MI training successfully oriented the counseling sessions towards a more collaborative and participatory conversation for supporting behavioral change.

Conclusion

This novel online training program improved the knowledge and counseling skills of Indonesian primary healthcare professionals. Greater emphasis on engaging parents and more guidance on conducting telehealth counseling may improve parental involvement in future iterations.
Identifying engagement strategies for Hispanic youth with anxiety: A youth-centered, Design-Thinking approach
Authors: Runyan Thea , Hassmiller Lich Kristen , Umble Karl , Li Karen , Daniel Baca Kiersten , Frerichs Leah
Published: February 2025

Anxiety is the most common and widespread mental health disorder impacting youth between the ages of 10–19. Youth of color including Hispanic youth are disproportionately impacted. Fewer than 20% of youth of color who need mental health services are receiving them. However, we know relatively little about how to best engage Hispanic youth to increase their use of mental health services. The aims of this study were to better understand the personal, environmental, and behavioral factors that impact Hispanic adolescents help-seeking behaviors and to identify the important criteria needed to develop an appealing intervention that would increase engagement with mental health services. This study used a Design Thinking process—a participatory research approach that included qualitative and engaged methods. In-depth interviews (n = 8) and a Design Thinking workshop (n = 11 participants) were conducted with Hispanic youth with anxiety residing in the San Francisco Bay Area. In-depth interviews were coded using Social Cognitive Theory to identify key themes that impact an adolescent’s decision to seek help. The 90-minute workshop included ideation and Design Thinking activities including personas, mind-mapping, and analytical problem-solving to identify the most important tools and strategies that could be used to manage anxiety. The study identified several themes that directly impact program design, including barriers to seeking help for anxiety, coping strategies, sources of support, and specific program ideas. The findings revealed that Hispanic youth want a culturally relevant technology-based program that provides easily accessible educational information and coping strategies delivered in an engaging format that also facilitates mental health support with a trusted adult. The results reinforce the need to develop culturally inclusive and innovative programs designed specifically for priority populations to increase youth engagement with mental health services.