bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment outcomes of extended versus nonextended intensive phase in pulmonary tuberculosis smear positive patients with delayed sputum smear conversion: A retrospective cohort study at primary care clinics in Kota Kinabalu
Authors: Asbi Atiqah , Tong Seng Fah , Sulaiman Nadirah
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Delayed sputum smear conversion in patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis is a crucial problem at primary care clinics in Sabah resulting in poor treatment outcomes. This study aimed to compare the treatment outcomes between extended and nonextended intensive phase treatments among patients with delayed sputum smear conversion and to identify the factors associated with unsuccessful treatment outcomes.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from a Malaysian tuberculosis registry, medical records and clinic referral emails from five primary care clinics in Kota Kinabalu from January 2014 to December 2018. A total of 163 patients with delayed sputum smear conversion were selected and divided into cohort groups: 90 patients received 3 months of intensive phase treatment (extended intensive phase), and 73 patients received 2 months of intensive phase treatment (non-extended intensive phase).
Results: Of the 163 patients, 33.7% had unsuccessful treatment outcomes (25.2% had treatment failure; 0.6% died; 3.7% defaulted; and 4.3% transferred out), and 3.7% had relapse. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of unsuccessful treatment outcomes (37.6% vs 28.6%, OR=1.51, CI=0.77–2.94, P=0.226) and relapse (2.2% vs 5.7%, OR=0.36, CI=0.65–2.04, P=0.404) between the extended and non-extended intensive phase groups. High sputum acid-fast bacilli grade (AFB) at 2 months, drug resistance and lack of directly observed treatment, short-course supervision (DOTS) were associated with unsuccessful treatment outcomes.
Conclusion: Extended intensive phase treatment in patients with delayed sputum smear conversion does not prevent unsuccessful treatment outcomes and relapse.
Patients’ satisfaction on primary healthcare services in China and its associated factors during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Huan , Swe Kye Mon Min , Jabbar Mohammed Abdulrazzaq , Ching Siew Mooi
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The provision of a satisfactory service by community healthcare centres in China plays an important role in the prevention and control of communicable diseases, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a lack of study in this field. This study aimed to determine the level of patient satisfaction with primary healthcare services in China and its associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at 10 primary healthcare clinics in Xi’an, China. The 18-Item Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire was used for data evaluation and SPSS version 23.0 for data analysis.
Results: A total of 315 patients were recruited. The overall patient satisfaction score was 26.1±3.1. In the multiple linear regression analysis, the highly educated patients had a higher patient satisfaction score than the low-educated patients (β=1.138, 95% confidence interval=0.135–2.141, P=0.026).
Conclusion: The overall patient satisfaction level of the patients who attended community healthcare centres in Xi’an was high. The patients with a higher educational level showed a higher patient satisfaction level than did those with a lower educational level.
Prevalence of undiagnosed depression among patients with hypertension: A cross-sectional study of Malaysian primary care perspective
Authors: Choong Siaw Mei , Lee Ping Yein , Rashid Aneesa Abdul
Published: March 2023

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of suspected depression and its associated factors among patients with hypertension in a Malaysian primary care clinic.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a primary care clinic from 1 June to 31 August 2019 using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
Results: The prevalence of suspected depression was 9.0%. The significant predictors of depression were Indian ethnicity (adjusted odd ratio [AOR]: 2.373; confidence interval [CI]: 1.147–4.907), divorce (AOR: 3.5; CI: 1.243–9.860), singleness (AOR: 2.241; CI: 1.182–4.251), heavy episodic
drinking (AOR: 7.343; CI: 2.494–21.624), low physical activity level (AOR: 1.921; CI: 1.093–2.274), low fibre intake (AOR: 1.836; CI: 1.061–3.178), uncontrolled blood pressure (AOR: 1.800; CI: 1.134–2.858) and presence of hypertension complications (AOR: 3.263; CI: 2.053–5.185).
Conclusion: Primary health care providers must screen for depression among patients with hypertension, particularly those within high-risk groups, and implement interventions that address modifiable risk factors.
Unambiguous identification of N-containing oxygenated organic molecules using a chemical-ionization Orbitrap (CI-Orbitrap) in an eastern Chinese megacity
Authors: Lu Yiqun , Ma Yingge , Huang Dan Dan , Lou Shengrong , Jing Sheng'ao , Gao Yaqin , Wang Hongli , Zhang Yanjun , Chen Hui , Chang Yunhua , Yan Naiqiang , Chen Jianmin , George Christian , Riva Matthieu , Huang Cheng
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) are dominated by the N-containing
species in polluted urban environments. As N-containing OOMs, especially
those with more than one nitrogen atom, prevail in the high m/z (mass-to-charge) range
(m/z> 350 Th), unambiguous identification of N-containing OOMs is
highly desirable for understanding of their formation processes, precursors
and influencing factors. To achieve this, we applied an
ultra-high-resolution chemical-ionization Orbitrap (CI-Orbitrap) in a field
campaign and found that OOMs contain one (1N-OOMs), two (2N-OOMs) and three
(3N-OOMs) nitrogen atoms comprised 50 %, 26 % and 4 %, respectively, of
total OOMs. More interestingly, the fraction of 2N-OOMs increased with the
increase in carbon number (nC) and was dominated by the ones derived from
aliphatic precursors (2N-OOMAli, 64.2 %), indicating the importance
of multistep oxidation. Plausible precursors of 2N-OOMs were aliphatics
(2N-OOMAli, 64.2 %), aromatics (2N-OOMAro, 16 %) and
monoterpenes (2N-OOMMT, 15.4 %). The absolute concentrations of
2N-OOMs were greatly affected by the pollution level for most cases. The
2N-OOMAli was the most abundant 2N-OOM, and its fraction even increased
on the polluted day with an enhanced proportion of the ones with nC >10. While 2N-OOMAli and 2N-OOMAro were dominated by daytime
photochemical production, nighttime NO3-initiated oxidation played a
comparable role to the daytime photochemistry in the formation of
2N-OOMMT. The 2N-OOMAro species were of the highest oxygenation level, followed by
2N-OOMMT and 2N-OOMAli, which were affected by photochemistry and
NOx concentrations. These results highlight the significant formation
of 2N-OOMs and the influencing factors on their formation in polluted urban
environments, where various volatile organic compound (VOC) precursors and atmospheric oxidants are present.
Controlled release testing of the static chamber methodology for direct measurements of methane emissions
Authors: Williams James Philip , el Hachem Khalil , Kang Mary
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Direct measurements of methane emissions at the component level provide the level of detail necessary for developing actionable mitigation strategies. As such, there is a need to understand the magnitude of component level methane emission sources and test methane quantification methods that can capture methane emissions from component level sources. The static chamber method is a direct measurement technique that is being applied to measure large and complex methane sources such as oil and gas infrastructure. In this work we compile component level methane emission factors from the IPCC emission factor database to understand the magnitude of component level methane flowrates, review the tested flowrates and measurement techniques from 38 controlled release experiments, and perform 64 controlled release testing of static chambers methodology with mass flowrates of 1.02, 10.2, 102, and 512 grams of methane per hour (g/hour). We vary the leak properties, chamber shape, chamber size, and usage of fans to evaluate how these factors affect the accuracy of the static chamber method. We find that 99 % of component level methane emission rates from the IPCC emission factor database are below 100 g/hour, and that 76 % of previously-available controlled release experiments did not test for methane mass flowrates below 100 g/hour. We find that the static chamber method quantified methane flowrates with an overall accuracy of ±14 %, and that optimal chamber configurations (i.e., chamber shape, volume, usage of fans) can improve accuracy to below ±5 %. We find that smaller chambers (<20 L) performed better than larger volume chambers (>20 L), regardless of the shape of chamber or usage of fans. However, we found that the usage of fans can substantially increase the accuracy of larger chambers, especially at higher mass flowrates of methane (>100 g/hour). Overall, our findings can be used to engineer static chamber systems for future direct measurement campaigns targeting a wide range of sources, including landfills, manholes, and oil and natural gas infrastructure.
A new multi-method approach for dating cave calcite: application to the cave of the Trou du Renard (Soyons, France)
Authors: Martin Loïc , Nouet Julius , Dapoigny Arnaud , Barbotin Gaëlle , Claverie Fanny , Pons-Branchu Edwige , Barbarand Jocelyn , Pécheyran Christophe , Mercier Norbert , Derym Fanny , Gély Bernard , Valladas Hélène
Published: March 2023

Abstract. A multi-method approach aimed at characterizing carbonate parietal deposits and at proposing a chronology for these carbonate crusts is described. Dating was performed by radiometric methods (C-14 for recent samples, and U-series) on samples that had been characterized beforehand using optical and cathodoluminescence microscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared microspectroscopy. For U-series, high precision on U-Th ages was achieved using liquid phase multicollector-ICP-MS applied to large samples, while laser-ablation single collector - ICP-SFMS provided information on the reliability of the sampling with a high spatial resolution. This methodology, based on the combination of these two techniques reinforced by the information obtained by the calcite characterization methods, was applied to carbonate deposits from the cave of the Trou du Renard (Soyons, France). The ages obtained with the two U-Th dating techniques are comparable and illustrate that different laminae were deposited at different rates in the samples. In the future, this procedure based on the mineralogical and geochemical characterization of the samples and their dating by radiometric methods will be applied to the layers of parietal carbonates deposited on Palaeolithic decorated walls. When the crystallization is slow, the U/Th dating method by imaging technique is of interest as well as that by multicollector-ICP-MS in liquid phase. The development of robust dating methods on very small quantities of material will make it possible to define the chronological framework of cave rock art.
Landslide initiation thresholds in data sparse regions: Application to landslide early warning criteria in Sitka, Alaska, USA
Authors: Patton Annette I. , Luna Lisa V. , Roering Joshua J. , Jacobs Aaron , Korup Oliver , Mirus Benjamin B.
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Probabilistic models to inform landslide early warning systems often rely on rainfall totals observed during past events with landslides. However, these models are generally developed for broad regions using large catalogs, with dozens, hundreds, or even thousands of landslide occurrences. This study evaluates strategies for training landslide forecasting models with a scanty record of landslide-triggering events, which is a typical limitation in remote, sparsely populated regions. We train and evaluate 136 statistical models with a rainfall dataset with five landslide-triggering rainfall events recorded near Sitka, Alaska, USA, as well as >6,000 days of non-triggering rainfall (2002–2020). We use Akaike, Bayesian, and leave-one-out information criteria to compare models trained on cumulative precipitation at timescales ranging from 1 hour to 2 weeks, using both frequentist and Bayesian methods to estimate the daily probability and intensity of potential landslide occurrence (logistic regression and Poisson regression). We evaluate the best-fit models using leave-one-out validation as well as with testing a subset of the data. Despite this sparse landslide inventory, we find that probabilistic models can effectively distinguish days with landslides from days without. Although frequentist and Bayesian inference produce similar estimates of landslide hazard, they do have different implications for use and interpretation: frequentist models are familiar and easy to implement, but Bayesian models capture the rare-events problem more explicitly and allow for better understanding of parameter uncertainty given the available data. Three-hour precipitation totals are the best predictor of elevated landslide hazard, and adding antecedent precipitation (days to weeks) did not improve model performance. This relatively short timescale combined with the limited role of antecedent conditions reflects the rapid draining of porous colluvial soils on very steep hillslopes around Sitka. We use the resulting estimates of daily landslide probability to establish two decision boundaries for three levels of warning. With these decision boundaries, the frequentist logistic regression model incorporates National Weather Service quantitative precipitation forecasts into a real-time landslide early warning “dashboard” system (sitkalandslide.org). This dashboard provides accessible and data-driven situational awareness for community members and emergency managers.
A linear assessment of waveguidability for barotropic Rossby waves in different large-scale flow configurations
Authors: Segalini Antonio , Riboldi Jacopo , Wirth Volkmar , Messori Gabriele
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Topographically forced Rossby waves shape the upper-level waveguide over the midlatitudes, affecting the propagation of transient waves therein, and have been linked to multiple surface extremes. The complex interplay between the forcing and the background flow in shaping the Rossby wave response still needs to be elucidated in a variety of configurations. We propose here an analytical solution of the linearized barotropic vorticity equation to obtain the stationary forced Rossby wave resulting from arbitrary combinations of forcing and background zonal wind. While the onset of barotropic instability might hinder the applicability of the linear framework, we show that the nonlinear wave response can still be retrieved qualitatively from the linearized solution. Examples using single- and double-jet configurations are discussed to illustrate the method and study how the background flow can act as a waveguide for Rossby waves.
Methane emissions due to reservoir flushing: a significant emission pathway?
Authors: Lessmann Ole , Encinas Fernández Jorge , Martínez-Cruz Karla , Peeters Frank
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Reservoirs can emit substantial amounts of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4) via different emission pathways. In some reservoirs, reservoir flushing is employed as a sediment management strategy to counteract growing sediment deposits that threaten reservoir capacity. Reservoir flushing utilizes the eroding force of water currents during water level drawdown to mobilize and transport sediment deposits through the dam outlet into the downstream river. During this process, CH4 that is stored in the sediment can be released into the water and degas to the atmosphere resulting in CH4 emissions. Here, we assess the significance of this CH4 emission pathway and compare it to other CH4 emission pathways from reservoirs. We measured seasonal and spatial CH4 concentrations in the sediment of Schwarzenbach Reservoir, providing one of the largest datasets on CH4 pore water concentrations in freshwater systems. Based on this dataset we determined CH4 fluxes from the sediment and estimated potential CH4 emissions due to reservoir flushing. CH4 emissions due to one flushing operation can constitute 7–14 % of the typical annual CH4 emissions from Schwarzenbach Reservoir, whereby the amount of released CH4 depends on the timing of the flushing operation within the season. The larger the thickness of the sediment layer mobilized during the flushing operation the larger the average CH4 concentration per unit volume of flushed sediment. This suggests that regular flushing of smaller sediment layers releases less CH4 than removal of the same sediment volume in fewer flushing events of thicker sediment layers. In other reservoirs with higher sediment loadings than Schwarzenbach Reservoir, reservoir flushing could cause substantial CH4 emissions, especially when flushing operations are conducted frequently. Therefore, CH4 emissions due to reservoir flushing must be included in estimates of annual overall greenhouse gas emissions from reservoirs that are subject to regular flushing operations.
Design and Evaluation of an Efficient High-Precision Ocean Surface Wave Model with a Multiscale Grid System (MSG_Wav1.0)
Authors: Li Jiangyu , Zhang Shaoqing , Liu Qingxiang , Yu Xiaolin , Zhang Zhiwei
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Ocean surface waves induced by wind forcing and topographic effects are a crucial physical process at the air-sea interface, which significantly affect typhoon development, ocean mixing, etc. Higher-resolution wave modeling can simulate more accurate wave states, but requires huge computational resources, making it difficult for Earth system models to include ocean waves as a fast-response physical process. Given that high-resolution Earth system models are in demand, efficient high-precision wave simulation is necessary and urgent. Based on the wave dispersion relation, we design a new wave modeling framework using a multiscale grid system. It has the fewest number of fine grids and reasonable grid spacing in deep water areas. We compare the performance of wave simulation using different spatial propagation schemes, reveal the different reasons for wave simulation differences in the westerly zone and the active tropical cyclone region, and quantify the matching of spatial resolutions between wave models and wind forcing. A series of numerical experiments show that this new modeling framework can more precisely simulate wave states in shallow water areas without losing accuracy in the deep ocean while costing a small fraction of traditional simulations with uniform fine-gridding space. With affordable computational expenses, the new ocean surface wave modeling can be implemented into high-resolution Earth system models, which may significantly improve the simulation of the atmospheric planetary boundary layer and upper-ocean mixing.
Antecedent rainfall as a critical factor for the triggering of debris flows in arid regions
Authors: Siman-Tov Shalev , Marra Francesco
Published: March 2023

Abstract. In arid regions, debris flows (DFs) are occasionally observed when heavy rainfall hits steep slopes with unconsolidated materials. Despite the
related hazards, not much is yet known about the critical rainfall conditions for DF initiation in dryland areas mainly due to a lack of observations
and data. In this study, we use high-resolution digital surface models and orthophotos to detect DFs on the arid slopes of the Dead Sea's
northwestern margins, as well as weather radar rainfall estimates for the characterization of the triggering and non-triggering storms. We identify
deposits from over 40 relatively small DFs that occurred between 2013 and 2019. We divide them into four groups based on their spatial
distribution and triggering period, and we identify the most likely triggering storms based on weather radar data and additional information. We show
that the DFs were likely triggered by an intense convective cell (lasting less than 45 min) which was preceded by non-negligible rainfall
amounts (about 10 mm) delivered during the storm. Comparing triggering and non-triggering storms, we observed that rain intensity alone is
insufficient to explain the phenomena and discuss the possibility that antecedent rainfall could represent a critical factor for the triggering of
DFs on steep slopes of arid environments.
From classroom education to remote emergency education: transformations in a dialogical pedagogy proposal
Authors: Santiago Arthur , Mattos Cristiano
Published: March 2023

This paper presents how a dialogical educational proposal, inspired by Freire’s perspective, was introduced and adapted to the digital educational environment in distance teaching-learning. From Freire’s pedagogy perspective, dialogue is one of the main assumptions for the teaching-learning activity. Therefore, we developed an online environment introducing a dialogical pedagogy, considering students’ problems during the pandemic. Based on this proposition, we created a remote educational environment through the Discord platform. This platform has excellent potential to base an educational environment enabling students and teachers to engage in a dialogical activity. We investigated how the Discord platform contributes to enhancing dialogical pedagogy. Then, we introduced a dialogic activity in an initial training course for physics teachers in a discipline called “Non-Formal Education”. Nineteen students participated in the activity developed throughout the discipline. We gathered data during the classes by recording student interactions on the platform system. The analysis was based on Activity Theory to identify the situations where their agency emerged and changed the activity and what role Discord played in this through the students’ dialogue. The study explores Discord facilities to introduce the dialogical teaching methodology previously developed in the face-to-face format. Finally, we could identify that the students’ voices emerged in the interactions, given the opportunity to express their ideas on their own terms and, fundamentally, be heard and considered by others. At last, students developed agency in the remote school activity, engaging productively in the required tasks and creating a community through the platform.
A propósito de las ofrendas corruptibles: una posible ofrenda floral en el dolmen del Milano (Barcarrota, Badajoz)
Authors: Enríquez Navascués Juan Javier
Published: March 2023

El análisis del polen contenido en un vaso cerámico encontrado en el dolmen del Milano, permite plantear la hipótesis de una ofrenda de flores silvestres de la especie Muscari neglectum depositada a la entrada de la cámara. Una ofrenda de contenido perecedero y sin valor económico, que no sabemos si tuvo carácter fundacional o no, de modo que pudo ser el resultado de un gesto de carácter emocional no necesariamente estructurado. A pesar de que las ofrendas florales se han considerado como elementos que se debieron depositar de manera habitual en los enterramientos del Neolítico y Calcolítico, al igual que en otras épocas, muy pocas veces han sido documentadas empíricamente y valoradas en su propio contexto.
Un paisaje funerario singular de la Edad del Bronce del Suroeste: la necrópolis y la estela del Alto de la Cruz de Piedra (Jerez de los Caballeros, Extremadura)
Authors: Berrocal-Rangel Luis , Mederos Martín Alfredo , Caso Amador Rafael , Rodríguez Rastrojo Manuel
Published: March 2023

En estas páginas se presenta el hallazgo de una estela del Suroeste en un contexto y con unas características que podemos considerar excepcionales. Su singularidad estriba no tanto en la rica colección de motivos grabados que presenta sino en su disposición interna, perfectamente organizados en una estructura en dos mitades casi exactas, en la forma de su soporte, que combina una silueta antropomórfica con un campo iconográfico claramente plano y trabajado para ser visto desde un única dirección. La estela, además, muestra perfectamente conservada su base, apuntada y engrosada para ser hincada en vertical. Pero el dato principal de este ejemplar es su lugar de hallazgo, cerca de un cruce de caminos vecinales marcado por un crucero granítico de época medieval o moderna. El lugar, cuyos valores estratégicos y religiosos está garantizado por este uso tradicional, lo fue también durante toda la Edad del Bronce, Calcolítico y, posiblemente, Neolítico Final. Esto se deduce porque la estela se coloca al sureste del cruce y entre éste y aquella se localizan diversos grupos de cistas del Bronce. Y, más allá del cruce, uno o dos megalitos se localizan a escasas decenas de metros de distancia. La disposición de la estela, marcando la “entrada” desde el Sureste a este paisaje funerario implica su reconocimiento como tal en algún momento del Bronce Final, cuando se hincó dicho monumento, aunque el uso de tal paraje se retraiga muchos siglos atrás. Dicho reconocimiento no hace más que reforzar la idea de Martín Almagro-Gorbea, que interpretó las estelas del Suroeste como las últimas manifestaciones prehistóricas de una tradición que ancla sus orígenes en un Megalitismo donde los menhires habían materializado creencias colectivas en divinidades.
Instalaciones rurales del Hierro antiguo en el Valle del Tajo, en su contexto europeo. El yacimiento de Soto del Henares (Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid)
Authors: Blasco Concepción , Galindo Lorenzo , Sánchez Vicente M. , Ríos Patricia
Published: March 2023

El trabajo da a conocer una reducida ocupación del Hierro Antiguo localizada en la vega baja del Henares próxima al Cerro de Ecce Homo. Se trata de una instalación caracterizada por la convivencia de estructuras excavadas y construcciones aéreas de grandes dimensiones, de planta rectangular alargada con cabeceras poligonales, documentadas por los agujeros de los pies de poste que las sostienen; representan un cambio sustancial con respecto a los tradicionales “campos de hoyos. Las estructuras están concebidas como unidades independientes, con orientaciones heterogéneas, que dejan entre sí grandes espacios. Sus características se identifican con instalaciones interpretadas como granjas agrarias contemporáneas, frecuentes en Europa occidental.
Aproximación a lo intangible. Cerro Milagro (Poza de la Sal, Burgos)
Authors: Valdés Luis
Published: March 2023

Cerro Milagro – Salionca es una civitas de gran profundidad temporal. En su espolón norte se localiza un podio natural desde el cuál se reconocen marcas topoastronómicas con las queda delimitado el calendario solsticial. Desde esa ubicación reflexionaremos sobre la esfera de “lo intangible” en las poblaciones antiguas.
Museos y patrimonios en el siglo XXI. Teorías y metodologías de acción
Authors: Hernández Hernández Francisca
Published: March 2023

El tema que presento como homenaje al Profesor Martín Almagro Gorbea me lleva a analizar los cambios que los museos y los patrimonios han ido experimentando desde la década de los 80 del siglo pasado hasta el momento actual. Cambios que tienen mucho que ver con las transformaciones sociales, políticas, económicas y culturales de la sociedad y que han llevado a los museólogos a plantearse una serie de reflexiones y, en muchos casos, también a una redefinición de la propia razón de ser de los museos y de los patrimonios, así como de la misión que están llamados a desempeñar. Todo ello ha contribuido a utilizar una metodología y un discurso museológico nuevos que ha tenido también en cuenta la importancia de la naturaleza como patrimonio.
Ethos de resistência jornalística na imprensa alternativa durante a ditadura militar brasileira
Authors: Da Silva Marcos Paulo , Pedro Neto Leopoldo
Published: March 2023

O artigo pretende compreender como os jornalistas que realizaram oposição à ditadura militar brasileira (1964-1985) no escopo da imprensa alternativa se relacionaram com o campo jornalístico e com os mecanismos de repressão do período autoritário em questão. Parte-se do princípio de que esses agentes compartilhavam um ethos de resistência jornalística em contraposição às posições dominantes do campo. O corpus analítico é composto por seis depoimentos fornecidos ao projeto Resistir é Preciso, iniciativa do Instituto Vladimir Herzog. Do ponto de vista teórico, vale-se das categorias de ethos, campo e capital oriundas da proposta sociológica de Pierre Bourdieu. Procurou-se a partir dos relatos memorialísticos identificar categorias de análise. Infere-se que o ethos desses agentes pode ser analisado sob a ótica de quatro categorias: 1) Sentimento de insuficiência com a imprensa convencional; 2) Disposição contestatória; 3) Oposição à estrutura organizacional tradicional do jornalismo; e 4) Estratégias comunicacionais de enfrentamento e burla.
Apontamentos acerca da cobertura jornalística sobre políticas públicas de segurança no Brasil
Authors: Cabral Maíra , Da Silva Paes Henriques Rafael
Published: March 2023

Este artigo propõe a realização de um mapeamento dos estudos acadêmicos desenvolvidos no Brasil acerca da cobertura jornalística das políticas de Segurança Pública. Entende-se que o jornalismo deve estar a serviço do interesse público, sendo um espaço fundamental para o debate de políticas de segurança, tendo em vista que a preocupação com o tema é compartilhada por todos os cidadãos, ainda que a partir de diferentes percepções. A revisão bibliográfica indica que a imprensa, ao se aprofundar pouco nos temas, priorizando a reprodução do discurso estatal e negligenciando a pluralidade de vozes, não mostra a complexidade e o papel de políticas públicas bem estruturadas na área, focando sua cobertura nas estratégias de repressão policial.
Removal of Fluoride Ions (F-1) from Contaminated Drinking Water using MnFe2O4 /Banana Peels Composite Synthesized through Chemical Co-Precipitation Method
Authors: Sajid Muhammad , Aamir Muhammad , Jamil Muhammad , Ahmad Dr. Mukhtar , Qamar Hussain Shahzada
Published: March 2023

Fluoride (F) contaminated water is of immense health risk. Skeletal as well as dental fluorosis   is due to the excessive Fluoride (> 1.5 mg/L) concentration in drinking water. In the present work, MnFe2O4 /banana Peels composite a unique adsorbent has been explored for the elimination of fluoride from aqueous system. These nanocomposites were characterized by XRD and FTIR.  Retentivity and coercivity value of nanocomposite is determined by Hysteresis loop.  The optimized conditions for the removal of 86% fluoride from field water sample was achieved at pH 8 and in 175 min. From the experimental results, it may be inferred that MnFe2O4 /banana peels composite is an adequate adsorbent for the removal of fluoride from water.
A Comparison of the 'Risk Management and Own Risk and Solvency Assessment Model Act' and Insurer Ratings
Authors: Cole Cassandra , McCullough Kathleen , Sirmans E. Tice
Published: March 2023

The Own Risk and Solvency Assessment (ORSA) requires an increase in reporting for insurers. However, it is possible that many insurers already gather a significant amount of this information for other groups such as rating agencies. This study provides a comparison of the ORSA Summary Report requirements given in the NAIC Own Risk and Solvency Assessment (ORSA) Guidance Manual (ORSA Guidance Manual) and the information requested by ratings agencies such as A.M. Best as stated in the Credit Rating Methodology: Global Life and NonLife Insurance Edition to assess the similarities in information needed for ORSA reporting and rating agencies. We find significant similarities between ORSA reporting and the materials needed for credit rating. Given the overlap, the total cost of ORSA compliance may be less, in terms of time and effort, in preparing the ORSA Summary Report compared to firms that have not gathered information for ratings agencies. We analyze the number of insurers subject to ORSA, as well as the percentages that are both subject to ORSA and are rated by A.M. Best. We find that 69% of insurers subject to the ORSA Model Act also are rated by A.M. Best. This is roughly 72% of the insurance market by premium.
An analysis of interpretation of insurance contracts: common law versus strict contra proferentem
Authors: Cole Cassandra , Henry Randy
Published: March 2023

The majority of states recognize insurance policies as contracts of adhesion, in which the applicant must either accept the terms of the policy as written by the insurance company or reject the terms and accept similar terms from another insurance company (Plitt, 2010). As of June 2014, 44 states have adopted special rules interpreting insurance contracts to balance unequal bargaining power.1 One common alternative to traditional contract law is strict contra proferentem, which interprets ambiguous terms against the drafter without reviewing extrinsic or parol evidence. A second alternative, known as the reasonable expectations doctrine, interprets unambiguous policy language using the reasonable person standard. This article provides a discussion of the methods available to courts as it relates to interpreting ambiguous insurance contracts.
State-based retirement plans: why or why not
Authors: Bisco Jill , Cole Cassandra
Published: March 2023

Many Americans are financially unprepared for retirement. To address this issue, some states have proposed and/or passed legislation to implement statebased, automatic individual retirement account (IRA) plans. With only five states passing legislation, we discuss some of the program design considerations, with a focus on how decisions regarding these considerations impact participation and cost and, ultimately, the feasibility of state-based retirement plans. Next, we analyze the characteristics of the states that have proposed legislation related to state-based retirement programs and those that have not to determine if there are any systematic differences. We also conduct similar comparisons of those states that have successfully passed legislation and those that have proposed but not yet passed state-based retirement plan legislation.
The impact of Medicaid expansion, diversity and the ACA primary care fee bump on the performance of Medicaid managed care
Authors: Yang Charles C.
Published: March 2023

In response to the policy changes to Medicaid, this research examines the impact of Medicaid expansion, diversity, and the Medicaid fee bump on Medicaid managed care. It aims to provide insights to health insurers, consumers, regulators and policymakers regarding profitability, better services, reducing expenses and improving efficiency. The results indicate that Medicaid expansion increases the profit efficiency of Medicaid managed care, but it has no significant impact on medical service efficiency or composite efficiency. The diversity of business lines, product types or payment methods does not create economies of scope for Medicaid profitability, medical service efficiency or composite efficiency. However, the diversity of product types is associated with more ambulatory encounters, while the diversity of payment methods reduces medical and administrative expenses. The Medicaid fee bump does not increase medical expenses or the utilization of medical services, and it has no significant impact on profitability or composite efficiency. "Medicaid lower reimbursement" should not be a big concern for Medicaid managed care in terms of profitability, medical services, expenses or overall efficiency. Another finding was that offering more preferred provider organization (PPO) plans improves the performance in profits, services and expenses; and managed care organizations (MCOs) also serving Medicare beneficiaries perform better in Medicaid managed care. In addition, capitation and contractual fee payments both enhance composite efficiency. The value-based payments do not have a significant impact on expenses or efficiency, but they are associated with more ambulatory encounters.
New evidence on an old unanswered question: the decision to purchase credit insurance and other debt protection products
Authors: Durkin Thomas , Elliehausen Gregory
Published: March 2023

Credit-related insurance and other debt protection are products sold in conjunction with credit that extinguish a consumer's debt or suspends its periodic payments if events like death, disability or involuntary unemployment occur. High sales penetration rates observed in the 1950s and 1960s raised concerns about coercion in the sale of credit insurance. This study presents evidence on credit insurance purchase and debt protection decisions from a new survey. The findings provide little evidence of widespread or systematic coercion in purchases. Instead, findings suggest that risk aversion and health or financial concerns motivate consumers to purchase credit insurance and debt protection, just as these concerns also motivate purchases of other types of insurance.
A Study to Measure Prevalence of Post Stroke Shoulder Pain and Its Association with Sensorimotor Functions and ADL Impairment in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Cross Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Desai Rajan Hargovanbhai , Verma Neha
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: Stroke is a major Non-Communicable Disease which is responsible for 3.5% of Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) in India. Post-stroke shoulder pain is a most common impairment affecting patient’s participation in rehabilitation by sensory motor impairment and limitation of daily living activity in chronic stroke patient.
OBJECTIVE: Numerous theories exist to explain the patho-mechanics behind development of Post-stroke shoulder pain, but its relationship with the sensory-motor function of the affected limb is needed to more elaborate. So it is important to study the prevalence of Post-stroke shoulder pain (PSSP) and its association with different factors with post stroke shoulder pain (PSSP).
METHDOLOGY: Visual Analogue Scale was used to measure shoulder pain and Passive Range of Motion of shoulder joint was assessed by using a goniometer. Motor functions was assessed by using the upper limb subscale of the Motor Assessment Scale (UL-MAS), Somatosensory impairment of the upper extremity was assessed by Erasmus MC modifications to the(revised) Nottingham Sensory Assessment scale (EmNSA) and Activity of Daily Living impairment was assessed by Modified Barthel Index (MBI). Scores were examined and compared between the shoulder pain group (SPG) and the No Shoulder Pain Group (No-SPG).
CONCLUSION: Results from this study shows post stroke shoulder pain is associated with reduced upper extremity sensory motor functions, ADL and passive range of motion of shoulder joint. This emphasizes that prevention of shoulder pain will help in regaining upper extremity sensory motor functions, reduced range of motion of shoulder joint and ADL.

Key words: [Post-stroke shoulder pain, activity of daily living, Somatosensory impairment, upper arm motor function.]
D-Dimer Levels in Covid-19 Patients with Moderate and Severe Symptoms
Authors: Manalu Erida , Josafat Jonathan , Jonas Luhulima Danny Ernest
Published: March 2023

COVID-19 is an infectious disease in humans. This disease is caused by a new virus similar to SARS-CoV, called SARS-CoV-2. This virus attacks the human respiratory system and causes symptoms such as cough, fever above 38°C, shortness of breath, muscle aches, malaise, and diarrhea. Elevated levels of D-Dimer are often found in patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms. Previous studies have shown that increased levels of D-Dimer can increase the risk of death and is also a marker of poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of D-Dimer levels in patients confirmed by COVID-19 with moderate and severe symptoms at UKI General Hospital. This study is a cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytic data presentation from the Medical Record document of UKI General Hospital. Data that has been collected was processed using the Mann-Whitney test. The subjects of this study are 211 patients who were confirmed to have COVID-19 through RT-PCR examination and had checked for D-Dimer levels. The Mann-Whitney test that was carried out gave a p-value <0.05, which means a significant difference in the mean D-Dimer level between COVID-19 patients with moderate and severe symptoms. The average level of D-Dimer in moderate symptoms was 441.272 ng/mL with 154 patients. The average level of D-Dimer in severe symptoms is 1,231,630 ng/mL with 57 patients.

Key words: D-Dimer, COVID-19, mild symptoms, severe symptoms.
Introduction_English Version_The argument
Authors: Nicolaï Robert , Samain Didier
Published: March 2023

Introduction in English : The argument
Héphaïstos et Athéna
Authors: Samain Didier
Published: March 2023

Ce texte vise à dégager les lignes directrices du numéro 5 de Signifiances (Signifying) intitulé Dynamique sémiotique et linguistique des individus, dont les contributions ont pour point commun de faire porter l’accent sur l’expérience et les stratégies des sujets parlants concrets. Ceci conduit les auteurs à des positions souvent proches des courants sociologiques qui se sont constitués en contrepoint du référentiel durkheimien. Plus généralement, l’empirisme affiché de plusieurs contributions témoigne de l’héritage oublié de la psychologie empirique (herbartienne), qui fut l’une des sources indirectes de Saussure. Les thèses elles-mêmes présentent plusieurs points de convergence, concernant notamment la reconnaissance de formes spécifiques de réflexivité chez le sujet parlant et, corrélativement, les limites des catégories traditionnelles dès lors qu’il s’agit de décrire l’activité langagière réelle. La plupart des analyses formulent donc l’hypothèse d’une dichotomie de fait entre le savoir des sujets parlants et le métalangage de la science, et entre les vécus individuels et les significations collectives. Elles abordent ainsi les deux thématiques sociologiques centrales que sont le statut des normes sociales et la manière de modéliser le lien entre individu et société.
Comprendre l’autre comme soi-même ? Pour un modèle médiationniste de l’intercompréhension linguistique
Authors: Nyckees Vincent
Published: March 2023

Cet article entend contribuer à une modélisation des conditions individuelles de l’intercompréhension linguistique. On montre d’abord que le schéma ordinaire en termes de recouvrement plus ou moins strict des compétences se heurte à une très forte variabilité sémantique interindividuelle (géolectale, sociolectale, « plurilectale », « topique », ou liée à la diversité des historiques individuels) concernant tant la disponibilité des différents signes que la composition de leurs significations. On explique ensuite comment une théorie médiationniste permet d’échapper à ces difficultés en mettant à profit l’interdépendance entre langue et cognition et en restituant les dynamiques individuelles constitutives des compétences linguistiques. On présente enfin une typologie des contenus de signification prenant en compte la structuration polyphonique des significations à l’échelle individuelle avant de redéfinir sur ces bases l’expression « partager une langue. »
Recherches sur le symbolisme phonétique des noms propres
Authors: Wang Xiaoxi
Published: March 2023

De multiples recherches ont utilisé des logatomes pour examiner s’il existe un lien motivé entre le signifiant et son signifié, son référent ou son concept. Comme les logatomes ne sont pas des unités linguistiques naturelles, leur traitement pourrait être différent de celles qui appartiennent à la langue naturelle, telles que les noms propres humains. Dans cet article, nous nous concentrons sur les études relevant des associations entre les caractéristiques phonétiques des noms propres véritables et les propriétés des personnes ou des personnages de fiction. Nous présentons des corrélations phonosémantiques attestées dans les recherches précédentes sous forme de tableau et argumentons l’importance de la présentation explicite de la méthodologie dans les futures recherches descriptives et expérimentales.
The linguistic signifier: from corporeality to (micro)networks.
Authors: Grégoire Michaël
Published: March 2023

This introduction starts from the observation that the signifier, especially in the field of enaction and embodied cognition, only takes into account certain aspects of the emergence of cognition linked to language as a result of lived interactions. Indeed, it does not take sufficiently into account the fact that the linguistic signifier, besides being the product of a bodily act, has an eminently systemic and cultural dimension. The question raised here is to reconcile the reticular dimension of the signifier and its bodily dimension.
Breve aproximación documental sobre las condiciones laborales de los trabajadores de Trabajo Social en Latinoamérica y en Colombia
Authors: Ladino Mosquera Vivian Andrea , Chacón Gironza Laura Sofia , Ramírez Moncada Natalia , Porras Bravo Lorena
Published: March 2023

En este trabajo se presentan los hallazgos de la producción académica a nivel internacional y nacional sobre condiciones laborales de profesionales de Trabajo Social, lo cual surge como iniciativa del Observatorio de Condiciones Laborales de la Asociación de Trabajadores Sociales del Valle, con el objetivo de retomar las prácticas investigativas de otros observatorios en América Latina que analizan el ejercicio profesional. Para ello se utilizaron bases de datos académicas donde aparecen tesis, libros y artículos digitales que luego se revisaron y organizaron para evidenciar que la temática se ha trabajado específicamente desde posturas críticas en países como Brasil, Argentina, Chile y Uruguay, a la vez que en Colombia se vienen haciendo estudios nacionales y regionales con esa perspectiva, lo que permite tener un panorama de los antecedentes académicos de la temática para el desarrollo de investigaciones posteriores en el tema
Linear predictions of secondary flows over modulated walls
Authors: Lasagna Davide
Published: March 2023

When a wall-bounded turbulent flow develops over a surface with heterogeneous attributes, for example with spanwise variations of the topography or of the roughness properties, secondary currents emerge in the form of time-averaged, streamwise-aligned vortices. These flows have been studied in great detail in the last 10 years, but several open questions remain. For instance, one key question is the role of the spanwise length scale over which variations of the surface properties occur and what mechanisms produce more intense secondary currents when such length scale is of the same order of the boundary layer thickness.

The talk will present recent modelling work done at the University of Southampton to answer these questions. Linearised Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations are introduced as a rapid predictive tool to explore the parameter space characterising heterogeneous surfaces and study the time-average response of the shear flow. The talk will focus on the derivation of the mathematical model, including the transport model for the eddy viscosity, the nonlinear Reynolds stress-strain model as well as linearised boundary conditions. Applications of this tool to turbulent channels with sinusoidal walls and with rectangular longitudinal ribs will be discussed.