bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Media Kartu Bergambar Elektronik Pada Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Eko Rudi Hartono Royana Yuksafa
Published: May 2023

Penelitian dan pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media kartu bergambar elektronik sebagai penunjang media pada pembelajaran PPKn materi pengamalan nilai-nilai pancasila serta dapat mengetahui validasi media tersebut di keas V Sekolah Dasar. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas V SDN Kramat pela 07 sebanyak 33 orang. Jenis metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode ADDIE yang terdiri atas lima tahapan diantaranya, menganalisis kebutuhan guru dan peserta didik, merancang produk dan menyusun instrumen, mengembangkan produk dan validasi para ahli, menguji coba kepada peserta didik dan mengevaluasi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah melalui observasi, wawancara, dan kuesioner. Penelitian ini menghasilkan produk berupa media kartu bergambar elektronik untuk peserta didik kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Hasil uji coba pengembangan media dilakukan kepada tiga ahli yaitu, ahli media, ahli materi, dan ahli bahasa. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba tersebut kelayakan produk mendapatkan nilai rata-rata sebesar 88.17% yang dikategorikan sangat baik. Sedangkan dari uji coba kepada peserta didik melalui uji coba one-to-one, small group, dan field test kelayakan produk mendapat nilai dengan perolehan rata-rata 92.5% yang dikategorikan sangat baik. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi ini sangat layak untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran PPKn di Sekolah Dasar.
COMBINED METHOD OF BULK MATERIAL SHIELDING EVALUATION FOR 200 MEV HIGH ENERGY NEUTRON SOURCE USING PHITS MODELLING AND PARTIAL DENSITY
Authors: Aliyah Fitrotun , Rahman Azhar Abdul , Md Radzi Yasmin , Kambali Imam
Published: May 2023

Neutron encounters difficulties in shielding protection. Thus, many researchers have performed simulation and experimental research on neutron shielding materials. The characteristic of materials is highly dependent on neutron energy. The evaluation of neutron shielding for various materials, such as iron, concrete, aluminum, and borated polyethylene (BPE), was conducted in this paper through simulation using a Monte Carlo code of PHITS 3.27 and calculation via partial density method. A mono-energetic neutron source with an energy of 200 MeV is emitted perpendicular to the shielding material with a thickness of 105 cm. The parameters measured in this analysis include flux, fast neutron removal cross-section, neutron depth dose, ambient dose H*(10) equivalent, and neutron dose reduction factor (RF). Results show that iron is a good material against high-energy neutron and secondary photon radiation at the energy range with the highest removal cross-section and the lowest RF value (0.39), followed by concrete, BPE, and aluminum. The integrated fluence and effective dose profiles were consistent with previous results in the literature. Benchmarking calculation of neutron dose RF was conducted with other publications and was in good agreement within the value range.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN ELECTRIC CURRENT PRODUCED AND THE LIGHT SOURCE DISTANCE IN PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Fitri Upik Rahma , Budi Esmar , Nasbey Hadi , Ziveria Mira , Muhara Intan
Published: May 2023

In experimental observations of the relationship between the electric current generated and the distance of the light source on the Planck constant device, it can show a comparison between the electric current generated and the variable distance of the light source. The experimental equipment specifications use the Planck constant experimental set with a 12v/35w tungsten halogen lamp, output 15v, accuracy +-0.2%, power requirement 220V, fuse rating 0.5A and red filter. Experiments using the concept of the photoelectric effect phenomenon begin by irradiating metal materials with constant photon light and then the light passes through a red light filter with a wavelength of 635 nm. The use of a filter is done by placing a 635 nm light filter on the light propagation path to the metal material, so that the light that passes through the filter is only light with a wavelength of 635 nm. The choice of the red filter is due to the fact that the frequency of light with a wavelength of 635 nm can cause electrons to come out of the metal as a result of photons hitting electrons in the metal. After the metal material is irradiated with photon light, the electron charges on the metal will be disturbed and come out of the metal. The movement of these electrons produces an electric current whose value can be seen. By testing distances of 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 30 cm, the results of a current value of 0.528 are obtained; 0.382; 0.295; 0.232; 0.182 and 0.154. From these experiments it was shown that the further away the light source, the smaller the electric current generated due to the light. This is because the closer the distance to the light source, the more light intensity hitting the metal, this results in a greater number of photons hitting the metal.
Tecnopolíticas contemporáneas: inteligencia artificial, algoritmos y biotecnología
Authors: Ayala Colqui Jesús , Arcila Santiago , Filinich Renzo
Published: May 2023

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CryptoPunks, aceleracionismo, tecnociencia y el desborde del capital
Authors: Ortiz-González Juan Camilo
Published: May 2023

El presente trabajo es una investigación acerca de la agencia de lo no humano, en particular, la tecnología, a través del ejemplo de la comunidad de coleccionistas de criptoarte CrypoPunks. Esto se lleva a cabo mediante una revisión de literatura que versa la filosofía simondoniana de la técnica, la Teoría Actor-Red (TAR), la teoría de los ensamblajes de DeLanda y el aceleracionismo, los cuales convergen operativamente para brindar una visión relacional de aquello que los actantes pueden hacer dentro de un ensamblaje, y cómo las mutaciones culturales propiciadas por la tecnología son funcionales como vectores de aceleración para la creación de subjetividades contemporáneas, las cuales se ven impulsadas a desbordar el tecnocapital de forma inmanencial. El estudio concluye con la dificultad y complejidad de localizar la agencia de la tecnología si no es tenida en cuenta la cultura cibernética y la esclavitud a la que son sometidas.
Análisis predictivo y protencionalidad digital
Authors: Diaz Alva Alan
Published: May 2023

What do we mean when we say that algorithms are capable of predicting what is going to happen and anticipating our actions? In the following article I will analyse the phenomena of algorithmic prediction and behavioural anticipation, explaining their convergence in contemporary techniques of predictive analytics. First, I will deal with some possible misconceptions about the predictive capacities of algorithms by delving into probability theory. Secondly, I will take Bernard Stiegler’s post-phenomenological theory of algorithmic governmentality as a model to explain their capacity for behavioural anticipation. Lastly, I will present Mark Hansen’s Whiteheadian reading of predictive analytics, in which he provides a way to understand the ontological basis of the power of these algorithmic systems and also highlight their epistemological limits. Besides the theoretical purposiveness of this account, in the conclusion I will argue that this also provides us with new tools to extend Stielger’s pharmacological project further, opening up the possibility of thinking about ways in which algorithmic prediction could be implemented towards positive outcomes.
Sobre la «arena de lucha» mediática en torno a las poblaciones indígenas en Argentina.
Authors: Lencina Rocio , Pereyra Rocío , Alonso Exequiel
Published: May 2023

En este trabajo nos proponemos analizar la cobertura periodística en torno a los pueblos indígenas que habitan el territorio argentino en 15 portales informativos digitales del país. De este objetivo general se desprenden como objetivos específicos: 1) caracterizar la definición de la temática indígena en los medios analizados, 2) corroborar la presencia de los encuadres genéricos (Semetko y Valkenburg, 2000) en la información referida a poblaciones originarias, y 3) analizar el/los encuadres predominantes a partir de casos concretos. Para su concreción desarrollamos una estrategia metodológica exploratorio-descriptiva que contempló: relevamiento de casos, sistematización, análisis e interpretación de producciones informativas sobre pueblos indígenas publicadas en enero, febrero y marzo de 2021. Como resultados observamos una gran invisibilización de las agendas y realidades de estos grupos, y la preponderancia del encuadre de conflicto en las construcciones noticiosas. Como conclusión el trabajo da cuenta de la desigualdad en el acceso a las agendas mediáticas.
Pseudociencias: Una nueva amenaza al proyecto humanista secular
Authors: García-Belaunde Velarde Víctor , Gayozzo Piero
Published: May 2023

El humanismo secular es una filosofía que se funda sobre el conocimiento científico y propone un sistema moral naturalista. Históricamente, desde su fundación y sus antecedentes, se ha enfrentado con el pensamiento religioso en los ámbitos académicos y sociales. En este artículo se sostiene la tesis de que en tiempos modernos las pseudociencias y el pensamiento pseudocientífico son una amenaza para el proyecto humanista equiparable al fundamentalismo religioso. Para probarlo se explicará qué es el humanismo secular y cómo es amenazado por el fundamentalismo religioso. Luego se definirá qué son las pseudociencias y qué es el pensamiento pseudocientífico. Posteriormente, se describirá cómo las pseudociencias atentan contra el proyecto humanista secular. Se concluye que el pensamiento pseudocientífico y el fundamentalismo religioso son igual de peligrosos para la convivencia social.
Sin necesidad de nadie (excepto del algoritmo)
Authors: Nava Becerra Mayra Eréndira , Alvarado García Víctor Manuel
Published: May 2023

Ante las condiciones de complejidad actuales, consideramos fundamental preguntarnos cómo comprender aquello que se pone en marcha bajo la idea de «nueva normalidad», en la formulación de la cotidianidad que supone su campo de instauración. Reconocemos que esa vida cotidiana ha sido expropiada a sus actores, mediante la operación tecnológica más invasiva y homogeneizante que haya operado planetariamente hasta hoy y que condensamos en ese «personaje conceptual» conocido como «algoritmo». La tesis del presente ensayo sostiene que la vida cotidiana en la llamada nueva normalidad es mediada globalmente por el manejo del algoritmo, y en sus efectos constituye la instauración de un proyecto totalitario y altericida de carácter planetario. En este sentido, este escrito tuvo como objetivo reflexionar acerca de la forma en que dicho proyecto altericida subyace a la instauración de una vida encauzada por «el algoritmo» y su pretensión de racionalidad. Se concluye que la actual gobernanza algorítimica y su digitalización consolidan el despojo de la agencialidad humana, lo que coloca la urgencia de indagar en las formas efectivas de intervenir al respecto.
Modelos matemáticos, objetividad y libre elección
Authors: Báquiro Guerrero Sebastián Alberto
Published: May 2023

Technical progress has allowed the development of increasingly powerful, fast and accurate tools, expressed in mathematical models. These are used for a more assertive and faster decision-making, lightening the individual burden of responsibility. However, these technical advances are more than just tools because what emerges from them is not simply neutral and impartial information pointing unequivocally towards the truth. In this way freedom, both individual and collective, is affected by the models and the context that encourages and sponsors these models from capitalism.
Ontología sintética
Authors: Rodríguez Ortiz Roxana
Published: May 2023

In this text, I develop three categories or polyphasic stages of being, that account for the synthetic ontology understood as the timeless juxtaposition of diverse scopes of being at different moments of the use of technology in the history of humanity, in the conformation of techno-capitalism and philosophical thought. I call these stages mecanólogo, technólogo, and organólogo. For this, I develop a methodology that allows me to cross various aspects of analysis and exemplify in our context each one of these polyphasic stages of being, starting mainly from the notion of individuation of Simondon.
La probabilidad no es probabilista:
Authors: Martel Paredes Victor Hugo
Published: May 2023

The distance that separates the traditions that give rise to the Peruvian economic system and the Great Britain economic system in the 18th century lies in the depths of modern mathematical reason and the inscrutable Peruvian colonial moral conscience. Nevertheless, there are theories that propose that the scholastic probabilism has been the source from which contemporary economic probability arose. The purpose of this article is to answer negatively to this hypothesis. This research is exploratory, but the analysis of the historical and economic texts will contribute to the confrontation of the hypothesis raised from philosophical theories that are formulated. Therefore, the method that has been used is demonstrative analytical. In sum up, the colonial economy cannot be thought mathematically, as in the case of probability, but rather in moral sense, which foundation was the probabilism that flourished in the newly discovered lands.
Downhill Running Increases Bone Mass Accumulation and Bone Tissues Morphology through the TGF-β/Smad Pathway in the Bone of Growing Mice
Authors: Chen Xianghe , Sun Peng , Chen Aiguo , Peng Haixia , Zhang Xianliang , Yang Kang , Yu Huilin , Zhao Renqing
Published: May 2023

Background: Substantial evidence has demonstrated that impact exercise can help adolescents to accumulate more bone mass. However, the effect of OB (osteoblast) on promoting bone formation during impact exercise remains to be explored. This study aimed to examine the mechanism for downhill running promoting bone formation ability and bone mineralization ability by activating the TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β)/Smad pathway in growing mice.
Methods: Four-week-old C57BL/6 female mice (n = 28) were randomly divided into exercise and control groups. Mice in the exercise group received a forty-minute downhill training on a descending treadmill (descent 9o) every day for eight weeks. After eight weeks, BMSCs (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells) were collected and cultured for assessment of osteoblastic differentiation and the capacity of osteoblastic mineralization. We determined the protein and mRNA expression of TGF-β, Smad2/3/4, and Runx2 (runt-related transcription factor 2) in bone tissues. The BMD (bone mineral density) and histomorphological changes were also examined.
Results: The study showed that the eight-week downhill training significantly increased BMD and ALP (alkaline phosphatase-positive) activity in the tibial epiphysis. Also, downhill running promoted BV/TV (bone volume fraction), Tb.N (trabecular number), and Tb.Th (trabecular thickness), while it decreased Tb.Sp (trabecular separation). Additionally, the numbers of ALP+CFU-f (colony forming units-fibroblastic) cells and the area of mineralized nodule formation were significantly higher in the exercise group compared with that of the control group. Lastly, the mRNA expression of TGF-β, Smad2/3/4, and Runx2 was significantly elevated in the exercise group, and the protein expression of p-Smad2/3/4, and Runx2 was also increased.
Conclusions: The findings indicated that downhill running enhanced bone mass accumulation and bone tissue morphology in growing mice by activating the TGF-β/Smad pathway.
A new pathway for H2 and hydrocarbon formation in Earth’s subsurface
Authors: Cho Young Sang , Oh In Hwan , Kim Ju-Hee , Kim Jae Ik , Na In Wook , Lee Kang-Bong
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The recent discovery of seemingly-inexhaustible CH4 emissions to the hydrosphere through cold seeps and hydrothermal vents supports the occurrence of abiotic H2 and CH4. Abiotic H2 is known to be formed by the reduction of water during serpentinization reactions, while abiotic CH4 forms through Fischer–Tropsch type reactions. However, these pathways for the formation of abiotic H2 and CH4 may not be adequate to explain the enormous CH4 reserves found on the sea bed of continental margins and CH4 production in the earth subsurface. Here we show that various rock constituents (solid acids) must play a catalytic role in H2 production via H2O dissociation, as well as in hydrocarbon formation reactions by thermal dissociation of biomass and synthesis with inorganic carbons. In addition to conventional serpentinization and Fischer–Tropsch type reactions, we propose a new mechanism and alternative pathway for abiotic H2, aliphatic, and aromatic hydrocarbon formation in the subsurface.
The effects of observing, imagining, and imitating the instructor’s depictive gestures on learning from instructional videos
Authors: Liu Caixia , Chen Louqi , Pi Zhongling , Yang Jiumin
Published: May 2023

The instructor’s depictive gestures in instructional videos are beneficial for learning, and learning strategies are crucial to make full use of them. This study adopted a within-subjects design to investigate the effects of learning strategies (i.e., observing, imagining, and imitating the instructor’s depictive gestures) on learning from instructional videos (i.e., learning performance, cognitive load, learning efficiency, learning satisfaction, and attention allocation). The repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed that when using imitation strategy, students showed the best learning performance, learning efficiency, and satisfaction. The Friedman tests results showed that when using imagination and imitation strategies, students’ attention was distracted by the instructor. Additionally, spatial ability played a moderation role in transfer performance. The results lead to a strong recommendation for educational practice when using instructional videos: (1) when watching videos with the instructor’s depictive gestures, students are encouraged to use imitation strategy in preference to imagination strategy, and passive observation is not recommended; and (2) low-spatial-ability students are encouraged to use active learning strategies (i.e., imagining and imitating the instructor’s depictive gestures) to improve transfer performance.
Suid alphaherpesvirus 1 of wild boar origin as a recent source of Aujeszky’s disease in carnivores in Germany
Authors: Freuling Conrad M. , Hlinak Andreas , Schulze Christoph , Sehl Julia , Wysocki Patrick , Szentiks Claudia A. , Schmitt Klaus , Wohlsein Peter , Kluth Gesa , Reinhardt Ilka , Mettenleiter Thomas C. , Müller Thomas
Published: May 2023

Background The high susceptibility of carnivores to Suid Alphaherpesvirus 1 [SuAHV1, synonymous pseudorabies virus (PrV)], renders them inadvertent sentinels for the possible occurrence of Aujeszky’s disease (AD) in domestic and wild swine populations. The aim of this study was to epidemiologically analyse the occurrence of PrV infections in domestic and wild animals in Germany during the last three decades and to genetically characterise the causative PrV isolates.Methods PrV in dogs were detected using standard virological techniques including conventional and real time PCR, virus isolation or by immunohistochemistry. Available PrV isolates were characterized by partial sequencing of the open gC reading frame and the genetic traits were compared with those of archived PrV isolates from carnivores and domestic pigs from Germany before the elimination of AD in the domestic pig population.Results During 1995 and 2022, a total of 38 cases of AD in carnivores, e.g. dogs and red foxes, were laboratory confirmed. Sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of PrV isolates established a strong connection between AD cases in carnivores and the occurrence of PrV infections in European wild boars in the end phase of and after elimination of AD from the domestic pig population. While PrV infections occur at low numbers but regularly in hunting dogs, interestingly, PrV was not observed in grey wolves in Germany. In none of 682 dead-found grey wolves and wolf-dog hybrids tested from Germany during 2014–2022 could PrV infection be detected by molecular means.Conclusions Although PrV has been eliminated from domestic pigs, spillover infections in domestic and wild carnivores should always be expected given the endemic presence of PrV in wild pig populations. Since detection of PrV DNA and virus in carnivores is sporadic even in areas with high seroprevalence of PrV in wild pigs, it may not reflect the full diversity of PrV.
Unlocking the 3D georeferencing accuracy potential of Göktürk-1 tri-stereo panchromatic level 2A images by sensor-dependent orientation model
Authors: Aytekin Gürsu , Topan Hüseyin
Published: May 2023

The panchromatic tri-stereo images of Göktürk-1, the first sub-meter optical remote sensing satellite of Türkiye, was assessed with respect to 3D georeferencing accuracy using sensor-dependent orientation model. The investigated panchromatic images were acquired in tri-stereo mode with 50 cm ground sampling distance at nadir-view, covering Zonguldak (Türkiye) test site. The sensor-dependent orientation model developed for the Pléiades 1A/1B/Neo and SPOT 6/7 satellites were preferred since the characteristics of Göktürk-1’s imaging geometry was identical with them. Two GCP/ICP sets (50/9 and 44/15) were established by in-field GNSS survey, and adjusted georeferencing accuracy were estimated almost millimetre and ~ ± 50 cm ( ~ ± 1 GSD) at GCPs and ICPs, respectively. All process was carried out by Geo3o1 tool of GeoEtrim derived in MATLAB environment.
HLA-B*44 and the Bw4-80T motif are associated with poor outcome of relapse-preventive immunotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Komic Hana , Hallner Alexander , Hussein Brwa A. , Badami Chiara , Wöhr Anne , Hellstrand Kristoffer , Bernson Elin , Thorén Fredrik B.
Published: May 2023

HLA-B proteins interact with key immune receptors on both T and NK cells, and variants of the encoding gene are associated with outcomes in various pathologies, including autoimmune diseases and malignancies. HLA-B is pivotal in antigen presentation to cytotoxic T cells, and some variants containing a Bw4 motif also serve as ligands to the killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) 3DL1/S1 of NK cells. We investigated the potential impact of HLA-B genotypes on the efficiency of immunotherapy for relapse prevention in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Seventy-nine non-transplanted AML patients receiving HDC/IL-2 in the post-consolidation phase were genotyped for HLA-B and KIRs genes. HLA-B*07 associated with improved leukemia-free survival (LFS), while HLA-B*44 heralded impaired LFS and overall survival (OS). The negative association with outcome was not shared across alleles of the HLA-B44 supertype. Notably, HLA-B*44 is one of few HLA-B44 supertype alleles containing a Bw4 motif with a threonine at position 80, which typically results in weak binding to the inhibitory NK receptor, KIR3DL1. Accordingly, a strong interaction between KIR3DL1 and Bw4 was associated with superior LFS and OS (p = 0.014 and p = 0.027, respectively). KIR3DL1+ NK cells from 80T-Bw4 donors showed significantly lower degranulation responses and cytokine responses than NK cells from 80I-Bw4 donors, suggesting impaired KIR3DL1-mediated education in 80T-Bw4 subjects. We propose that presence of a strong KIR3DL1+ - Bw4 interaction is advantageous in AML patients receiving immunotherapy for relapse prevention. This is likely achieved by improved NK cell education and a reduced expression of HLA-Bw4 on malignant leukemic cells.
Flexural Behavior of Laminated Wood Beams Strengthened with Novel Composite Systems (CFRP and Wire Rope): An experimental study
Authors: OZDEMIR Mehmet Faruk , MARAS Muslum Murat , YURTSEVEN Hasan Basri
Published: May 2023

In this study, it was aimed to improve the mechanical properties of laminated timber beams by using Novel Composite Systems (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer and Wire Rope). Reducing the cross-sectional area of the beam is important for the strength conditions required in large span systems with structural laminated wood material. Within the scope of this study, it is foreseen that the use of wood, which is an environmentally friendly and sustainable building element, will be made more economical and safe, instead of reinforced concrete and steel elements currently used to pass wide openings. Structural behavior of hybrid reinforced laminated timber beams was determined under the loading system. Experimental findings show that normal laminated timber beam (0N) has a maximum load of 14 kN and a deflection of 36 mm. On the other hand, the highest increase in the values of laminated beams reinforced with steel ropes was obtained with the (2N) reinforcement, with a maximum load of 38 kN and a displacement of 137mm. In this way, a load increase of 168% and a displacement increase of 275% compared to the reference sample were obtained. Since the steel rope-reinforced samples absorb the load, crack formation and transfer to the upper layers are prevented. 3F beam specimen reinforced with CFRP and steel ropes obtained maximum load of 28 kN and a displacement of 152 mm. Compared to the reference sample, a load increase of 92% and a displacement increase of 14% were obtained. Consequently, the fabrics placed between the layers with CFRP prevented crack development and provided a significant interlayer connection. It has been observed that the fiber composite-reinforced wooden beams increase the load bearing capacity by more than 50% and exhibit a ductile behavior. The carbon fabrics placed between the laminated wooden beams with the innovative reinforcement system will not both disrupt the aesthetics and will reduce the effect of earthquake forces, and significant reductions can be achieved in the sections.
Lattice dynamics, sound velocities, and atomic environments of szomolnokite at high pressure
Authors: Pardo Olivia S. , Dobrosavljevic Vasilije V. , Sturhahn Wolfgang , Toellner Thomas S. , Strozewski Benjamin , Jackson Jennifer M.
Published: May 2023

Complex mixtures of sulfates, silicates, and ice have been observed in a variety of planetary environments on Earth, Mars and the icy satellites of the solar system. Characterizing the properties of the corresponding compositional endmembers is important for understanding the interiors of a range of planetary bodies in which these phases are observed. To measure the electronic and vibrational properties of the iron endmember, szomolnokite, (FeSO4⋅H2O), we have performed synchrotron 57Fe nuclear resonant inelastic and forward scattering experiments in the diamond anvil cell up to 14.5 GPa. This pressure range covers depths within Earth’s interior relevant to sulfur cycling in subduction zones and the range of pressures expected within icy satellites interiors. We find evidence of crystal lattice softening, changes in elastic properties, and changes in the electric field gradients of iron atoms associated with two structural transitions occurring within the experimental pressure range. We apply these findings to icy satellite interiors, including discussion of elastic properties and implications for tidal observations.
Influence of environmental factors on changes in the speciation of Pb and Cr in sediments of Wuliangsuhai Lake, during the ice-covered period
Authors: Zhao Yunxi , Zhao Shengnan , Shi Xiaohong , Lu Junping , Cui Zhimou , Yu Haifeng , Ye Bowen , Li Xingyue
Published: May 2023

Ecological pollution caused by heavy metals released by sediments is a worldwide concern. However, the effect of changes in sediment speciation on their release of heavy metals has not been adequately reported. This study analysed changes in the sediment speciation of Pb and Cr before and after a release experiment by varying the temperature, pH, and salinity of the water column. The results show that the release of Pb and Cr from sediments increases with increasing water temperature, mainly due to the conversion of the residual fraction of Pb to the Fe-Mn oxide fraction and Cr converting more residual fraction to the organic matter and sulfide fraction. The release of sediment Pb and Cr decreased with increasing pH, with Pb converting more acid extractable fraction to the residual fraction and Cr converting more organic matter and sulfide fraction to the residual fraction. In contrast, the release of Pb and Cr increased and then decreased with increasing salinity, with the acid extractable and residual fractions of Pb interconverting, and the organic matter and sulfide fraction and the residual fraction of Cr showing higher interconversion. For Pb, the acid extractable fraction was more susceptible to conversion to the residual fraction by environmental influences, whereas for Cr, the organic matter and sulfide fraction was susceptible to conversion to the residual fraction. This study highlights the influence of environmental factors on the sediment speciation of heavy metals, which can help reveal the transport and transformation of heavy metals in cold and arid lake sediments.
gene action and combining ability estimation in elite sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l) Moench] inbred lines under Dry Lowland Areas of Ethiopia
Authors: Begna Temesgen , Birhan Techale , Tadesse Taye
Published: May 2023

The success of a plant breeding program greatly depends on the right choice of parents for hybridization and the gene action of different economic traits. Genetic variation is a key component in broadening gene pools in any given crop population and is critical to the success of yield improvement program. However, limited genetic variation and lack of potential parents and hybrids are the most limiting factors for improvement of sorghum in the moisture stress areas. Therefore, the study was conducted to estimate the combining abilities and determine gene action governing the quantitative traits for yield and its components using line x tester mating design. The experimental materials consisted of fifteen parents along with their twenty six hybrids and one standard check. The experiment was laid out using alpha lattice design with two replications at Mieso and Kobo during the main cropping season of 2019. For all of the traits studied, the combined analysis of variance indicated highly significant variations due to genotypes, indicating the presence of considerable genetic variation among genotypes. Inbred lines 3 and 4 were selected as the best general combiners for both days to flowering and plant height traits, while inbred lines 2 and 7 were identified as the best general combiners for stay green traits, based on general combining ability analysis. Thousand seed weight showed best general combiners in inbred line 6, 10 and 12. The hybrid crosses 4x14, 8x15 and 11x14 were identified as best specific combiners for grain yield while hybrid 1x15 was best specific combiner for days to flowering, days to maturity, panicle length, panicle width and thousand seed weight. The estimates of general and specific combining ability revealed the preponderance of non-additive gene action since the ratio of general combining ability to specific combining ability was less than unity for all the traits under study except for plant height. Eventually, Inbred lines 4, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and hybrid crosses 4x14, 8x15, 1x15, 11x14, 11x15, 13x14, 6x15 were found to be the most promising and potential genotypes that could be exploited commercially after critical evaluation for superiority and yield stability across locations over years, based on combining ability estimates and nature of gene action for grain yield and its components.
Representation of prime numbers on the complex plane
Authors: Csóka Levente
Published: May 2023

A novel representation of a quasi-periodic prime numbers on the complex plan has been investigated. We focus on some quantities characterizing the sum of centres of complex way represented prime numbers. The results indicate that prime numbers can be generated by rooting of real numbers and progression can be decomposed into periodic sequences. The main approach is to root-decompose it into prime numbers. Basically, it is applied to extract hidden periodicities in quasi periodic prime series. The periodicities were arranged in parabolic spirals to show their harmonic pattern. Numerical evidence was provided to confirm that primes can be generated by rooting.
Origin of Probability in Quantum Mechanics and New Physical Interpretation of the State Function of an Elementary Particle
Authors: Wen Shuming
Published: May 2023

The theoretical results of quantum mechanics (QM) have been verified by experiments, but the probabilistic Copenhagen interpretation is still controversial, and many counterintuitive phenomena are still difficult to understand. To trace the origin of probability in QM, we construct the amplitudes of a space-time position in a multiparticle quantum objective system and find that the probability in QM originates from the particle number distribution rate in a unit volume near position r at time t in the multiparticle quantum objective system. Based on the origin of probability, the quantization conditions of action and the principle of least action for an elementary particle (referred to as particle) , we find that when a particle moves in space-time, it periodically and alternately exhibit particle and wave state. We have derived the formula for the fringe positions in the double-slit experiment with particles, a new certainty relation and the uncertainty relation, obtain the localized and nonlocalized spatiotemporal range of the particle, the apparent trajectory of the particle motion. Based on this, through rigorous mathematical derivation and analysis, we propose new physical interpretations of the quantum superposition state, wave-particle duality, the double-slit experiment, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, and the quantum tunnelling effect, and these interpretations are physically logical and not counterintuitive.
On higher-dimensional Carrollian and Galilean conformal field theories
Authors: Chen Bin , Liu Reiko , Zheng Yu-fan
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we study the Carrollian and Galilean conformal field theories (CCFT and GCFT) in d>2d>2 dimensions. We construct the highest weight representations (HWR) of Carrollian and Galilean conformal algebra (CCA and GCA). Even though the two algebras have different structures, their HWRs share similar structure, because their rotation subalgebras are isomorphic. In both cases, we find that the finite dimensional representations are generally reducible but indecomposable, and can be organized into the multiplets. Moreover, it turns out that the multiplet representations in d>2d>2 CCA and GCA carry not only the simple chain structure appeared in logCFT or 2d2d GCFT, but also more generally the net structures. We manage to classify all the allowed chain representations. Furthermore we discuss the two-point and three-point correlators by using the Ward identities. We mainly focus on the two-point correlators of the operators in chain representations. Even in this relative simple case, we find some novel features: multiple-level structure, shortage of the selection rule on the representations, undetermined 2-pt coefficients, etc.. We find that the non-trivial correlators could only appear for the representations of certain structure, and the correlators are generally polynomials of time coordinates for CCFT (spacial coordinates for GCFT), whose orders depend on the levels of the correlators.
Spatial separation of spin currents in transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Manesco Antonio L. R. , Pulkin Artem
Published: May 2023

We theoretically predict spatial separation of spin-polarized ballistic currents in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) due to trigonal warping. We quantify the effect in terms of spin polarization of charge carrier currents in a prototypical 3-terminal ballistic device where spin-up and spin-down charge carriers are collected by different leads. We show that the magnitude of the current spin polarization depends strongly on the charge carrier energy and the direction with respect to crystallographic orientations in the device. We study the (negative) effect of lattice imperfections and disorder on the observed spin polarization. Our investigation provides an avenue towards observing spin discrimination in a defect-free time reversal-invariant material.
Zero-COVID policy and stock market sectoral performance in China
Authors: Sharma Prashant , Kumar Surender
Published: May 2023

With the outbreak of COVID-19, the Chinese government implemented the “zero-COVID” policy as a measure to curb the spread of the virus. The different measures of the policy include widespread testing, contact tracing, and strict quarantine and isolation protocols. In view of recent changes in COVID-19 trends and other economic indicators, the Chinese government withdrew significant provisions of the zero-COVID policy in China. The present study investigates the sectoral performance of the Chinese stock market after the withdrawal of the zero-COVID policy. The study considers eighteen sectoral indices of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange of China as a sample and applies the event study methodology to study the impact of the policy withdrawal on the stock prices performance. The results of the study indicate that sectors such as hotel, consumer staples, the financial sector, real estate, media, and culture have reported significant positive movement after the withdrawal of the zero-COVID policy, while other sectors such as consumer discretionary, energy, healthcare, information technology, manufacturing, mining, technology, telecom, transportation, utilities, wholesale, and retail have shown insignificant reactions. These results also indicate that when the COVID-19 outbreak happened in China, different sectors of the economy reacted negatively except the retail and wholesale sectors, while with the withdrawal of the zero-COVID policy by the Chinese government, the reaction of investors is optimistic as different sectors are reporting either positive reactions in the stock price movement or no reaction.
Wave propagation in different theories of fractional thermoelasticity
Authors: Singh Baljeet
Published: May 2023

In the present paper, the theories of fractional thermoelasticity with derivative and integral fractional orders are employed to study the homogeneous plane waves and the Rayleigh surface waves. The governing equations of homogeneous and isotropic generalized fractional thermoelasticity are solved for plane wave solutions and a dispersive velocity equation is obtained. There exists one transverse and two coupled longitudinal waves in a two-dimensional model of fractional thermoelastic medium where the speeds of coupled longitudinal waves are found to be dependent on the derivative and integral fractional orders. The Rayleigh waves is also studied along the traction-free surface of a half-space of a generalized fractional thermoelastic solid. The governing equations are solved for the general surface wave solutions which follow the decaying conditions in the half-space. A Rayleigh wave secular equation is obtained for thermally insulated surface. For a particular example of the present model, the numerical values of the speeds of coupled longitudinal waves and the Rayleigh wave are computed and graphically illustrated to visualize the effects of derivative and integral fractional orders and the circular frequency on the wave speeds.
Physico-chemical and microbiological assessment of domestic water supply in Bontoc, Mountain Province, Philippines
Authors: Magwilang Epiphania B. , Paredes Annie Lourie Yawan , Armas Francisco C. , Bugnay Helen Grace P. , Dagupen Rose D.
Published: May 2023

This study determined the water quality of the three major domestic water sources of Bontoc, Mountain Province, and recommended interventions to maintain water parameters within values set by the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW). Results revealed that all the average values of the physico-chemical parameters measured during wet and dry seasons for the water samples from the different water sources and sampling points are within the allowable range except for turbidity and color during and just after typhoons and prolonged strong rainfalls. As to microbiological parameters, samples from the sources, storage tank, and distribution line have a very high total coliform count, and Escherichia coli content for both seasons. For heterotrophic plate count, only the water samples from Balabag Spring for both wet and dry seasons, from the storage tank during the wet season, and from Gakhan Spring during the dry season have acceptable values. Findings indicate the high vulnerability of the water sources to microbial contamination. Thus, water in all sources is not potable and is therefore not recommended for drinking purposes in its present condition. To address the water supply quality problems, filtration systems may be included in the water system design, the intake tanks, or a new reservoir.
Delineation of preferential flow pathways in a tropical crystalline rock aquifer in Tarkwa, Ghana using integrated hydrogeophysical methods
Authors: Agbotui Prodeo Yao , Ewusi Anthony , Seidu Jamel , Brookman-Amissah Mark , Woode Anthony , Aforla Bright
Published: May 2023

In Ghana, crystalline rock aquifers with secondary hydraulic features and preferential flow pathways serve as very important aquifers. Protecting and managing these geological porous media require identifying preferential flow pathways and hydraulic characteristics. In this study, preferential flow pathways and hydraulic parameters were characterised for two boreholes (Hilly and Valley) located in Tarkwa, Ghana via the integrated use of borehole dilution testing (BDT), slug testing, and geological mapping. The geological fieldwork mapped a relatively sparsely fractured Sandstone Unit overlying a heavily foliated and fissile Phyllite Unit. Geology influenced groundwater flow in boreholes. The BDT confirmed the geology by showing a stratified flow system with preferential flow pathways. The Hilly/recharge area borehole shows relatively low downward flow, whereas the Valley/transition area borehole is dominated by the concentrated diffuse horizontal flow. These flow patterns are in agreement with the borehole locations and their dominant geologies. The estimated hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, and storage coefficient ranged between 5.1 × 10−4–7.7 × 10−2 m/d, 4.0 × 10−2–3.2 m2/d, and 10−7–10−5, respectively. The cheap integrated hydrogeophysical methods used in this study are applicable for characterising, protecting, and managing other crystalline aquifers in the West African sub-region and other tropical terrains.
Experiments on the drag coefficient of a sphere with a variable velocity
Authors: Zhou Shuang , Zhang Genguang , Xu Xiaoyang , He Chengming
Published: May 2023

The drag coefficient plays a dominant role in the particle motion. The main objective of the present study is to extract a mathematical correlation between the total drag coefficient and the particle motion parameters. To this end, the total drag coefficient of a sphere with a variable velocity in a water tank was studied experimentally using a high-speed camera. An expression was developed to simulate the correlation between the total drag coefficient, the Reynolds number, and the acceleration coefficient. Then the developed expression for calculating the total drag coefficient based on the Reynolds number was improved. Moreover, the correlation between the Froude number and the acceleration coefficient was analyzed and an expression was developed in this regard. A formula for calculating the total coefficient based on the Froude number was established. The obtained results show that the total drag coefficient has a complex change with an increasing Reynolds number at a determined acceleration coefficient. Furthermore, it is found that at a constant Reynolds number, the total drag coefficient decreases as the acceleration coefficient increases. The performed analyses demonstrated that the established expression based on the Froude number has high accuracy and low computational complexity.
Performance of hybrid biofilter based on rice husks/sawdust treating grey wastewater
Authors: Costa-Conceicao Kennedy , Villamar Ayala Cristina Alejandra , Dávila Tatiana , Gallardo María Cristina
Published: May 2023

An innovative nature-based technology for wastewater treatment is the hybrid biofiltration, which combines complex symbiotic relationships between plants, earthworms and microorganisms with adequate support components. This latter could be optimized using organic supports. The aim of this research was to evaluate the performance of hybrid biofilters based on rice husks/sawdust treating grey wastewater from mining camps. Four biofilters using an active layer (rice husks/sawdust: 50/50%, v/v) at 60(B60) and 45(B45) cm height and operating for 64 days at a hydraulic loading rate between 1 and 5 m3/m2d were monitored. Eisenia foetida Savigny and Cyperus papyrus L. were used as a biotic component. COD, N-NH4+, NO3−, NO2−, PO43− and fecal coliforms were weekly monitored. Results showed that the most efficient HB was using 60 cm as an active layer and operating at 3 m3/m2d, which reported average removal efficiencies for COD, NH4+, NO3−, PO43− and fecal coliforms up to 85, 89, 47, 49 and 99.9%, respectively. Organic support improved the rate growth for Cyperus papirus L. and E. foetida Savigny up to 50%. Hybrid biofiltration using organic residues is low-cost, providing all-encompassing operational and performance features, improving the wastewater reclamation opportunities.
Effects of surface hydrophobicity on the removal of F-specific RNA phages from reclaimed water by coagulation and ceramic membrane microfiltration
Authors: Yasui Midori , Ikner Luisa , Yonetani Takashi , Liu Miaomiao , Katayama Hiroyuki
Published: May 2023

Microfiltration (MF) has been widely adopted as an advanced treatment process to reduce suspended solids and turbidity in treated wastewater effluents designated for potable reuse. Although microfilter pores are much larger than viruses, the addition of a coagulant upstream of a microfilter system can achieve stable virus removal. Ceramic membranes have a narrow pore size distribution to achieve the high removal of contaminants. This study aims to evaluate virus log reduction using bench-scale coagulation and ceramic membrane MF. To investigate the effects of differences in net surface hydrophobicity, 18 sewage-derived F-specific RNA phages (FRNAPHs) were used for batch hydrophobicity and coagulation–MF tests. The capability of bench-scale coagulation and ceramic membrane MF under continuous automated long-term operation was tested to remove the lab reference strain MS2 and three selected FRNAPH isolates which varied by surface property. Median virus log reduction values (LRVs) exceeding 6.2 were obtained for all three isolates and MS2. Although coagulation and hydrophobicity were positively correlated, the virus isolate demonstrating the lowest level of hydrophobicity and coagulation (genogroup I) still exhibited a high LRV. Thus, coagulation and ceramic membrane MF systems may serve as viable options for virus removal during water reclamation and advanced treatment.
Pathophysiology of Cardiac Cell Injury in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome
Authors: Abdullah Marzoog Basheer
Published: May 2023

Recently, the scientific community has realized that COVID-19 effects are not limited to the acute period of infection but continue beyond that to cause more prolonged pathological changes. Post-COVID syndrome is a novel concept that describes the sequelae/persistent pathophysiological changes of post-COVID-19 infection. The current hypothesis suggests the involvement of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in cardiac arrhythmias, coronary artery aneurism, acute renal injury, central nervous system degenerative diseases, vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, and pulmonary dyspnea, as well as fibrotic lung damage. Therefore, COVID-19 has been identified as a poly-syndromic and poly-systemic inflammatory disease. Post-COVID extrapulmonary complications have been observed in approximately 85% of hospitalized COVID-19 survivors and 35% of COVID-19 outpatients. Furthermore, 25% of hospitalised COVID-19 survivors developed myocardiopathy.