bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The history of cryotechnologies in reproductive medicine: From randomness to stability
Authors: Petrushko Marina , Piniaiev Volodymyr , Yurchuk Taisiia
Published: December 2024

The article provides an overview of the historical milestones in cryobiology, a scientific field that has found widespread practical application in reproductive medicine. Cryotechnologies have revolutionized assisted reproductive technologies, offering invaluable tools for the storage, protection, and management of reproductive cells such as sperm, oocytes, and embryos. The technology began with the first successful attempts at sperm cryopreservation, which not only demonstrated the possibility of preserving male gametes but also inspired a wave of research aimed at developing cryopreservation protocols for more sensitive and complex biological entities, including oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Cryopreservation has become a crucial component of fertility preservation, offering new opportunities for individuals and couples facing medical treatments that could compromise their reproductive potential, as well as providing options for delaying parenthood. Given the critical role of cryotechnologies in modern reproductive medicine, this article delves into the historical context of these developments, exploring the key breakthroughs that have shaped this field. The authors conducted an in-depth analysis of existing literature, drawing on a wide range of scientific databases to highlight the global impact of cryobiology on the current successes in reproductive medicine. Furthermore, the article presents the results of the authors' own research and practical experience in the field of reproductive cryobiology, with a particular focus on the application of these technologies in Ukraine. The review underscores the challenges and opportunities that have emerged throughout the history of cryopreservation, as well as ongoing efforts to improve and optimize these methods to further enhance infertility treatment outcomes. The discussion also addresses ethical and logistical considerations related to cryopreservation, particularly in the context of long-term storage and future use of cryopreserved materials. As cryobiology continues to evolve, its integration into reproductive medicine will undoubtedly lead to further innovations, making it a cornerstone of infertility treatment and reproductive health worldwide.
Determining the Switching Frequency of a Transistor Converter for a Traction Collector Motor
Authors: Kostenko Ihor , Bilokon Iryna , Shaida Viktor , Demydov Oleksandr
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this work is to determine the switching frequency of a transistor converter for a traction collector motor of a locomotive based on the criterion of permissible current ripple. The stated goal is achieved by solving the following problem: a methodology for determining the consideration of changes in motor parameters when calculating the switching frequency of the transistor converter is proposed. The peculiarity of the proposed approach is that it takes into account the degree of saturation of individual parts of the magnetic system of the electric motor. The most significant result is an increase in the accuracy of calculating the switching frequency by taking into account the change in the inductance of the commutator motor windings when the degree of saturation of the magnetic system changes. The switching frequency for a DC traction motor with a pulse converter is calculated. Two main operating modes of the electric motor are considered: with full magnetic flux and with weakened magnetic flux. As a result of calculations, it was established that the dependence of switching frequency on currents is nonlinear. For the operating mode of the electric motor with full magnetic flux, the switching frequency is determined taking into account the processes in the field winding circuits and in the armature circuit windings. The most important results are the determination of the switching frequency of the pulse converter for powering and regulating the traction motor in all operating modes. The proposed methodology allows the selection of transistor devices for the converter according to the switching frequency.
Investigation of style and design characteristics of women's outerwear with a user-centered design approach
Authors: Harmankaya Hatice , Özsan Meltem
Published: December 2024

This study aims to develop a design process model within the scope of the Design Thinking approach with Kansei Engineering support and to experientially apply this model. Additionally, another aim of the research is to investigate the affective/emotional preferences of female users regarding visual and functional aspects of outerwear designs, and subsequently develop alternative design model proposals in alignment with users’ preferences. In this study, the 'Stanford d.school Design Thinking Model' was utilized. Research data was obtained through a survey consisting of two sections, involving the opinions of 342 female consumers aged 18 and over, residing in Istanbul. The first section includes a Likert-type scale to examine users’ outerwear design preferences. In the second section, a semantic differential scale was prepared to evaluate jacket, coat, and overcoat designs using Kansei words. The reliability of the measurement instrument was established through calculated Cronbach's Alpha coefficients, presented after each scale, confirming the reliability of both scales for this sample. The Kansei evaluation shows that the Design Thinking process model makes it possible to create designs that meet users' emotional needs.
RISK MANAGEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
Authors:   State University "Uzhhorod National University", Zayats Olena , Fraityk Kateryna ,   State University "Uzhhorod National University"
Published: December 2024

The study of risk management in international business presents numerous essential aspects that complicate a thorough understanding and effective handling of risks. In the globalized world, companies face diverse risks that can significantly impact their operations. Political, economic, social, and legal factors become crucial elements shaping the business environment. The article aims to analyze risk management in international business, examining specific features of this area. It identifies key risks encountered by companies in the global market, including economic, political, legal, cultural, social, technological, and supply chain risks. Effective risk management in international business requires developing strategies for identifying, analyzing, and handling these risks, which helps companies minimize potential losses and ensure operational stability. The article also considers current trends shaping contemporary international business and notes that the future expansion and globalization of international business are closely linked to artificial intelligence (AI) adoption. The study finds that the widespread use of AI will bring substantial changes in employment structures and create new demands on employee qualifications, emphasizing the need for adaptation to new technologies. The study concludes that companies in international business face a wide spectrum of risks-economic, political, legal, social, and technological. Each risk type requires a detailed approach, as they vary across regions. Operating in globalized markets, international businesses experience economic interdependencies that present additional challenges for risk assessment and forecasting. Studying risk management in international business involves examining numerous interrelated factors that are dynamic and often unpredictable, making this task complex but essential for effective business operations. Effective risk management in international business involves developing strategies to identify, analyze, and manage these risks, helping companies minimize potential losses and ensure the stability of their operations.
ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF FOREIGN TRADE IN LEADING COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
Authors:   State University "Uzhhorod National University", Korol Maryna , Kulikovska Iryna ,   State University "Uzhhorod National University", Namyak Yurii ,   State University "Uzhhorod National University"
Published: December 2024

This paper presents an in-depth exploration of the intricate dynamics shaping global trade, with a particular focus on the current state of leading economies. By examining key trade indicators, including export and import volumes, trade balances, and major trade partners, this study provides a detailed and expansive analysis of the modern global marketplace. Through a comprehensive examination of patterns and trends in international trade, the research delves into the economic, political, and technological forces driving these changes. A key objective is to offer a thorough understanding of the evolving global trade system by considering the far-reaching implications of technological advancements, globalization, regional economic integration, and geopolitical shifts. The global trading landscape is experiencing profound transformations, influenced by a complex mix of economic fluctuations, political tensions, and technological innovation. This paper offers a thorough comparative analysis of the foreign trade activities of major economies, shedding light on emerging trends and providing an expansive overview of the global trading environment. By focusing on recent geopolitical events, such as trade disputes, economic sanctions, and the impact of global pandemics, the research seeks to uncover the evolving challenges and opportunities within international trade. Additionally, the analysis extends to broader macroeconomic factors, exploring how policy shifts, regional alliances, and the integration of new technologies are reshaping trade flows across borders. In an era marked by increasing economic interdependence and rapid globalization, understanding the factors influencing international trade has never been more essential. This research takes a holistic approach to examining the current state of foreign trade among leading economies, identifying significant trends, disparities, and key developments within the global trading system. The study’s detailed examination of trade data not only reveals crucial insights into the forces shaping international commerce but also offers practical implications for policymakers, businesses, and other stakeholders seeking to navigate this evolving landscape. By assessing both the challenges and opportunities in the global marketplace, this paper contributes valuable knowledge to the discourse on international trade and its future trajectory.
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF STIMULATING THE EXPORT ACTIVITY OF ENTERPRISES
Authors:   State University "Uzhhorod National University", Palinchak Mykola , Steblak Diana ,   State University "Uzhhorod National University", Kuklyshyn Mykola ,   State University "Uzhhorod National University"
Published: December 2024

The foreign experience of stimulating the export activity of enterprises is examined in the work. It is described that the current stage of the development of economic relations is characterized by the activation of foreign economic relations. The process of globalization and international integration is an integral part of global economic relations between states. The relationship between export and economic growth and its role in the development of the international economy and business are analyzed. The statistics of exports of goods and services (% of GDP) in the period 1960-2023 are described. Factors that play a key role in encouraging small firms to export have been studied. Stimulating exports is one of the important aspects of the development of the economy and economic indicators of the countries of the world. As an example, the role of exports in the development of the economy using the example of China has been demonstrated. China changed course in 1979 and started an «open door» policy. Features of SEZ functioning are described. The foreign experience of stimulating the export activity of enterprises is important. The foreign experience of export promotion in the USA, Japan, and Germany was studied. Analysis of the experience of the countries of the world in stimulating export activity is important, because many mechanisms can be used for the development of export activity in different countries of the world. Cooperation between countries and foreign economic activity is important for the national economy, which has a significant impact on the economic development of the country. Countries use various methods to stimulate exports, namely: direct lending, credit insurance and other insurance programs; research on grant opportunities; taxes: special deductions from export revenues, return of import duties to exporters; apply financing to stimulate exports: measures to reduce the cost of exports before shipment; favorable exchange rate; export competitions; lending, coordination of export promotion activities; export promotion programs for small and medium enterprises, etc.; export support services.
ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF USAID AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS TO SUPPORT UKRAINIAN BUSINESSES
Authors:   State University "Uzhhorod National University", Savka Vitalii , Khaludylo Ludmyla ,   State University "Uzhhorod National University"
Published: December 2024

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the utilization of USAID and other support mechanisms aimed at fostering the development of Ukrainian businesses. By exploring the range of financial, technical, and advisory assistance provided by these initiatives, the study offers a detailed examination of their impact on key sectors of the Ukrainian economy. The research focuses on understanding how various forms of international aid, including grants, loans, capacity-building programs, and infrastructure investments, are contributing to the growth and resilience of Ukrainian enterprises, particularly in the context of ongoing economic challenges.
The paper delves into the specific goals of USAID and similar programs, highlighting their role in enhancing Ukraine’s business environment, promoting entrepreneurship, and facilitating integration into global markets. Through an in-depth analysis of case studies and data from diverse industries, the study sheds light on the effectiveness of these support tools in overcoming barriers to business development, such as access to finance, regulatory challenges, and technological gaps. Special attention is given to the role of these initiatives in supporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), fostering innovation, and creating sustainable growth opportunities.
In addition to examining the direct economic benefits, this research also explores the broader socio-political impact of such support mechanisms, including how they contribute to strengthening governance, transparency, and institutional frameworks within Ukraine. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers, international organizations, and business leaders seeking to optimize the effectiveness of foreign aid in supporting Ukrainian businesses. Ultimately, this paper aims to contribute to the understanding of how international cooperation and targeted support programs can play a pivotal role in shaping the future trajectory of Ukraine’s economic development.
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN POST-WAR ECONOMIC RECOVERY
Authors:   Kherson State Agrarian and Economic University, Yarmolenko Vitalina
Published: December 2024

The article is dedicated to analyzing the experiences of countries that successfully rebuilt their economies after armed conflicts. It examines various strategic approaches implemented by foreign nations to support their economies under challenging conditions. Key aspects of successful recovery are discussed, including political leadership, strategic planning, efficient resource management, and international cooperation. The article explores case studies from Europe, Asia, and other regions where post-war economic reconstruction programs were effectively implemented. It highlights initiatives and measures taken for post-war economic development in countries affected by military actions. The author analyzes the main lessons from these successful experiences and provides recommendations for their potential application in Ukraine, especially in the context of current challenges during wartime and post-war periods, emphasizing the need to stabilize the national economy. The article aims to assist in formulating strategies and programs aimed at ensuring sustainable development and strengthening economic resilience in Ukraine during post-war reconstruction. It synthesizes success factors from post-war economic development in war-affected countries and proposes success factors for Ukraine's post-war economic development. The research results establish key directions necessary for further economic development in Ukraine, namely: creating a stable political environment and robust institutions that uphold the rule of law, protect property rights, and enforce contracts; modernizing the national security system through the development of the military-industrial complex and strengthening national identity; preparing a qualified workforce through active development of both public and private educational institutions; attracting investments in scientific research to foster innovation and the development of new technologies; creating a favorable business environment that supports entrepreneurship, innovation, and investments; and transitioning from raw material exports to finished product exports.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO EVALUATION OF READINESS, POTENTIAL AND EFFICIENCY OF CHANGES IN UKRAINIAN IT ORGANISATIONS
Authors:   National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Buriak Mykhailo , Shyian Natalia ,   National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute"
Published: December 2024

This article extensively examines the readiness, potential, and effectiveness of organizational changes in Ukrainian IT organizations, via analysis of various popular change management models. The authors conducted a comparative review of these models to understand their impact on the effectiveness of implementing innovations and adapting to new market challenges. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were utilized throughout the research to assess the influence of managerial approaches, thus isolating the key successful strategies and practices from those that are less effective. The findings from this study highlight significant factors that contribute to successful change management in the IT sector. It points out the importance of aligning organizational strategies with adaptive change models that are responsive to external market dynamics and internal capacities. The article also provides a set of recommendations and metrics for enhancing strategic approaches to change management in IT organizations based in Ukraine. These recommendations aim at increasing the organizations’ ability to efficiently manage transitions and maintain competitiveness in a rapidly evolving technology landscape. Furthermore, the research explores the role of leadership in fostering an environment conducive to effective change management, suggesting that leadership plays a pivotal role in mediating between the change initiatives and the workforce's response to these changes. It is suggested that enhancing communication, increasing transparency in change processes, and investing in training and development programs are critical components that can significantly improve the implementation of change strategies. Main goal was also achieved via providing the clear methodology of evaluating change’s potential, readiness and efficiency. Adopting these measures can help Ukrainian IT organizations not only survive turbulent changes but also thrive and lead in innovation and market adaptation.
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF BUSINESS TRANSNATIONALIZATION
Authors:   State University "Uzhhorod National University", Hapak Rostyslav , Tsalan Myroslava ,   State University "Uzhhorod National University"
Published: December 2024

The transnationalization and activity of TNCs in the world as an important characteristic of modern globalization processes have been analyzed in the article. The criteria for classifying enterprises as transnational corporations have been given. Specific features that allow TNCs to take better positions compared to ordinary local firms have been outlined in the article. The ranking of the 10 largest TNCs by asset value in 2023 has been given. The majority of companies in the top ten are American ones. The United States is the undisputed leader of transnationalization. TNCs are also located in China, Japan, Germany, Switzerland and Italy. The opportunities that appear before TNCs as a result of modern trends in global economic development, including those as a result of digitalization have been identified in the article. Among the latter, such as global cooperation and communication, improving operational efficiency, optimizing supply chains, expanding the client base and access to new markets, increasing the level of cyber security, the level of innovation, new business models, environmental sustainability and social responsibility have been considered. Digitization processes allowed TNCs to use remote work and management methods in their activities. Digital technologies make it possible to automate certain processes, which helps to reduce costs, increase operational efficiency and productivity. With the help of digital platforms, TNCs got the opportunity to announce themselves and their products in new geographically distant markets, which allows them to get closer to the consumer. The challenges of the modern activity of TNCs have been analyzed. These include regulatory and legal differences, management and coordination issues, financial and political risks, competition in local markets and logistics issues, adaptation of business models, data protection, ethics and corporate responsibility. Nowadays TNCs need to be flexible and adaptable in order to function successfully in the conditions of the current requirements of the international market. Today's international business operates in conditions of global economic transformations, therefore it is forced to respond quickly and clearly to changes in order to prevent loss of competitiveness and its own competitive positions in the market.
THE USAGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
Authors:   State University "Uzhhorod National University", Drozdovskyy Yaroslav , Kohutych Valeria ,   State University "Uzhhorod National University", Dobey Andriy ,   State University "Uzhhorod National University"
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence began its existence since ancient times, but its very foundations were laid back in the 1950s at a conference in Dartmouth. Already from that time, artificial intelligence technologies began to develop very quickly and involve many participants in their processes: countries of the world, international organizations, individuals who are starting to study this field. Currently, artificial intelligence is actively used in business to automate processes, analyze data, improve customer service, and optimize the production of goods and services. Companies are investing heavily in research and implementation of artificial intelligence in order to increase competitiveness and enter international markets. The field of application of artificial intelligence is very wide: production, industry, agriculture, medicine, health care, finance, education, logistics, etc. Artificial intelligence has gradually evolved from a generator of ideas to a tool in fields such as education and law. Improvements are being made in personalized customer service, creation of new recommendation mechanisms and trend forecasting. Countries around the world are actively involving artificial intelligence technologies in their production and are in the process of developing national strategies to legitimize relations in the field of artificial intelligence. The USA, China, EU countries are actively investing in the research of AI processes, which contributes to the rapid spread and growth of technologies. American technology giants Microsoft, Nvidia, and Alphabet are leading players in the artificial intelligence market, who also actively integrate technology into the creation of their products and services. Artificial intelligence is becoming a key factor in the success of companies striving for global development. The development of artificial intelligence tools is becoming more accessible for use in various startups and small business processes. Artificial intelligence can change the future of humans, but there are fears that it will displace the human as a person and there will be a significant replacement of humans by robots or machines, which will lead to job losses and have a significant impact on the labor market in general.
A COMPREHENSIVE IMPLEMENTATION ALGORITHM 2D TRANSFORMATION IN GRAPHIC WEB-EDITORS BASED ON THE METHODS OF AFFINE TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors: Пасічник А. М. , Надригайло Т. Ж. , Андрєєв О. В.
Published: December 2024

This article presents a complex algorithm for the optimized implementation of 2D transformations in graphic web editors based on the methods of affine transformations. The object of this study is the algorithms and methods of affine transformations for the implementation of 2D transformations in graphic web editors. The research is aimed at applying the principles of these transformations and their impact on graphic objects, as well as at finding effective solutions for their implementation. An analysis of the main existing algorithms and methods for implementing 2D transformations, such as the Bresenham and Wu algorithms for visualizing straight and curved lines, algorithms for filling areas using affine transformation methods, was carried out. Therefore, the issue of improving and simplifying algorithms and methods of affine transformations for implementing 2D transformations in graphic web editors is relevant and important for modern web design and development. The work considers the main algorithms of affine transformations that ensure the implementation of scaling, rotation, shift, skew functions and their interaction with graphic objects. The proposed algorithm includes the main advantages of implementing the above functions and allows you to create more efficient and high-quality graphic applications, providing at the same time greater functionality and productivity. Applying such an approach creates new opportunities for the development and use of new types of web editors in the field of web design. Based on the proposed algorithm, a web application has been developed that allows you to create various transformations and animations of figures on the plane. The results of the conducted testing confirm the effectiveness and possibility of applying the proposed approach in real projects for the development of graphic web editors for working with 2D transformations.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ UNITY ДЛЯ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ ГЕОПРОСТОРОВИХ ДАНИХ У 3D-МОДЕЛЮВАННІ ЛАНДШАФТІВ
Authors: Булгакова О. Ф. , Ульяновська Ю. В. , Рябоволенко В. А.
Published: December 2024

У статті здійснено дослідження можливостей платформи Unity для інтеграції геопросторових даних у процесі 3D-моделювання ландшафтів. Об’єктом дослідження виступає процес створення реалістичних 3D-моделей ландшафтів із використанням відкритих джерел геопросторових даних, таких як OpenStreetMap та MapBox. У ході роботи було проаналізовано основні методи інтеграції геопросторових даних у середовище Unity, визначено переваги та недоліки різних підходів, а також розглянуто можливості операційних систем у підтримці цього процесу. Результати дослідження показують, що Unity є потужним інструментом для 3D-візуалізації, який завдяки своїй гнучкості та можливостям підтримки різних форматів даних дозволяє створювати реалістичні та деталізовані моделі ландшафтів. Зокрема, проведені тести підтвердили, що використання методів рівнів деталізації (LOD), компресії текстур та оптимізації матеріалів дозволяє зберігати високу продуктивність Unity навіть на системах з обмеженими ресурсами. Водночас виявлено, що ефективність інтеграції та візуалізації залежить від операційної системи, на якій працює Unity, а також від правильного вибору методів обробки та оптимізації даних. Практичне значення отриманих результатів полягає у можливості застосування розроблених підходів для створення високоякісних візуалізацій у сфері архітектури, містобудування та геодезії. Окрім того, запропоновані методи можуть бути використані для розробки навчальних та інтерактивних додатків, що потребують інтеграції реальних геопросторових даних. Виявлені підходи до оптимізації процесів обробки та візуалізації даних можуть знайти застосування у розробці ігор та віртуальних середовищ, де вирішальне значення мають висока продуктивність і реалістичність моделювання. Отримані висновки також можуть слугувати основою для подальших досліджень, спрямованих на оптимізацію процесів інтеграції даних у 3D-моделюванні та розширенні функціональних можливостей Unity для роботи з різними джерелами геопросторових даних.
TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RESTAURANT SERVICES MARKET: METHODS OF DETERMINATION AND CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Юдіна О. І. , Небаба Н. О. , Корнєєв М. В. , Вишнікіна О. В. , Алтунін К. О.
Published: December 2024

Methodical approaches to determining the current state and development trends of the restaurant services market which serve as a toolkit for forecasting future dynamic changes in the industry and planning measures for the adaptation of enterprises to the new conditions of the organization of their activities are considered in the article. The purpose of this article is the study of modern trends in the development of the restaurant services market and the formation of methodical approaches to their determination. In this study, based on the analysis of the external environment of restaurant establishments, the main methods for determining the current state of the catering services market are established, which include the methods of analyzing market stability, consumer preferences, competitive environment, and segmentation. With the help of the formed methodological toolkit, the following is carried out: survey of consumers; study of new popular dishes, recipes, technologies and trends in the industry; analysis of menus, concepts, price policy; forecasting future directions of industry development. The use of these methods allows: to determine the features of demand, supply and market equilibrium; evaluate and characterize changes in consumer needs; establish competitive advantages and disadvantages in the operation of the enterprise; determine the target audience according to established criteria. Based on the mentioned approaches and methods, the main trends affecting the development of the restaurant services market were identified and characterized. Thus, it was proven that the key directions of the development of the restaurant services market are the growing popularity of healthy food, the development of social media and information technologies, technological progress, and the development of gastronomic tourism. Certain methods are used as a tool for determining trends in the development of the industry, which provide the ability to adapt restaurant enterprises to dynamic changes in the service market. They include: marketing research methods, analysis of trends in the gastronomic industry, observation of competitors, cooperation with specialists and experts, analysis of changes in consumer demand. With the help of these methods, the main trends in the development of the restaurant business were determined, namely: economic, gastronomic, technological innovations, macroeconomic and demographic factors. These trends characterize the demand for restaurant services, the development of the restaurant business, digital development, changing consumption habits and the state of the consumer market.
MOBILE ROBOT NAVIGATION BASED ON LASER RANGE-METRY METHODS
Authors: Стрельцов О. В. , Гриньов М. А. , Скалозуб В. Ю. , Буюклі Д. М.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to solving the problem of finding people who are under the debris of destroyed buildings, which requires an urgent solution to ensure an effective rescue operation. The primary focus of this research is the development and refinement of a navigation system for a mobile rescue robot. This paper specifically explores localization techniques and methods for constructing a map of an unknown environment, which are crucial for the robot’s effective operation in complex and dynamic settings. The overarching goal of the study is to identify the most adaptable and precise navigation method that can effectively manage the movement of a mobile robot in environments characterized by unpredictable and shifting obstacles. To solve the tasks, modern methods of laser telemetry and SLAM methods (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) are used in the work, which are used to accurately create a map of the territory and localize the robot on it. The research proposes an innovative algorithm for the navigation system of a mobile robot, which leverages laser telemetry to meticulously scan the surrounding area. It has been shown that scanning process is essential for real-time data acquisition, enabling the robot to make informed decisions regarding its movement. It is stated that, the proposed lidar-based navigation method is particularly advantageous as it facilitates the creation of a detailed spatial map, even in environments where the layout is not known in advance. This approach allows for the precise determination of the robot’s position within the mapped space, ensuring that the robot can navigate effectively and avoid potential hazards. It is proved that, the integration of these advanced techniques significantly enhances the robot’s ability to perform in search and rescue missions, where the accurate and timely localization of trapped individuals is of paramount importance.
МАТЕМАТИЧНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ШВИДКОДІЇ ПРОГРАМНОЇ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ КРИПТОАЛГОРИТМУ SM4
Authors: Козіна Г. Л. , Савченко Ю. В. , Воскобойник В. О. , Прокопович-Ткаченко Д. І. , Кацюба В. В.
Published: December 2024

В статті запропоновано математичний підхід оптимізації алгоритму шифрування. Стаття присвячена підвищенню швидкодії обчислювальних алгоритмів, що є одним із важливих напрямків наукових досліджень. SM4 з метою підвищення швидкодії алгоритму. SM4 є досить поширеним алгоритмом, який використовується і зараз. На даний момент існує велика кількість апаратних та програмних реалізацій, в яких, використовуючи особливості архітектури чи мови програмування, можна забезпечити високу швидкодію алгоритму. Симетричні криптографічні алгоритми мають досить високу швидкодію в порівнянні з асиметричними. Cиметричні алгоритми застосовуються для шифрування повідомлень або файлів великих розмірів. Нескладні етапи алгоритмів можуть зводитись до простих операцій. Такий підхід наведено в українському стандарті симетричного потокового шифрування ДСТУ 8845:2019 (алгоритм Струмок). Його особливість полягає в тому, що етапи алгоритму, нелінійна підстановка, яка виконується з використанням операції циклічного зсуву, множення члена поліному на елемент поля, спрощені до простої заміни з попередньо обчислених таблиць констант. В статті розкрито, що в результаті врахування цієї оптимізації Струмок дозволяє формувати псевдовипадкові послідовності із швидкістю понад 10 Гбіт/с. На сьогодні блоковий алгоритм шифрування SM4 широко використовується в бібліотеці LibreSSL, яка відповідає за встановлення безпечного мережевого підключення згідно протоколу SSL/TLS, та є частиною криптографічної бібліотеки Libgcrypt, яка є розробкою GNU Projects. З’ясовано, що не дивлячи на його поширеність, сам алгоритм не має шляхів оптимізації, які має Струмок. У статті здійснено оптимізацію математичного апарату SM4, в ході якої було використано особливість операції циклічного зсуву та зведено дію обчислення до прямої заміни із таблиць констант, як це було виконано в національному алгоритмі Струмок. У статті доказано, що оптимізація алгоритму представляє собою зведення обчислювальних операцій до прямої заміни з таблиць констант.
Ressurgência comportamental: Uma revisão
Authors:   Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Pontes Thaíssa N. R , Abreu-Rodrigues Josele ,   Universidade de Brasília
Published: December 2024

Ressurgência consiste no reaparecimento de uma resposta previamente reforçada (R1) diante da extinção de uma resposta alternativa (R2). O presente estudo apresenta um panorama da literatura sobre ressurgên-cia, com destaque para as três hipóteses predominantes do fenômeno (Indução pela Extinção, Prevenção da Resposta e Momentum Comportamental) e para algumas variáveis de controle (taxas de reforços e de respostas, extensão e recência do treino, instruções, esquemas de reforçamento, estímulos discriminativos, similaridade entre os tipos de reforços e respostas, intervalo entre fases experimentais e independência do re-forço). Também são apresentadas pesquisas sobre a ressurgência de unidades comportamentais complexas, tais como relações emergentes, padrões temporais e sequências de respostas. Finalmente, aponta-se que o aumento da frequência da R1 é uma condição necessária, mas não suficiente, para a ressurgência: é preciso, também, que esse aumento seja maior do que aquele observado para respostas controle, i.e., respostas que não foram explicitamente reforçadas durante o procedimento.
O impacto da obra de J. B. Watson na Psicologia Norte-americana: Uma análise bibliométrica (1913-1923)
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Pará, Carvalho Neto Marcus Bentes de , Araujo Saulo de Freitas ,   Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Silva Eliza Galo ,   Universidade Federal do Pará
Published: December 2024

Em 1913, J. B. Watson publicou um artigo estabelecendo as bases de uma nova psicologia voltada para o comportamento. Tal trabalho foi chamado de “Manifesto Behaviorista”. Muitas análises históricas desde então sugerem o impacto da obra de Watson em geral e desse artigo em particular sobre a psicologia norte-americana. Contudo, tais trabalhos são, em geral, metodologicamente problemáticos, seja pela falta de clareza dos pro-cedimentos adotados, seja pela pequena amostra examinada. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver uma metodologia específica mais objetiva para mensurar mais precisamente o impacto de Watson na psicologia norte-americana entre 1913 e 1923. Foram conduzidos dois estudos bibliométricos. No Estudo 1, buscou-se especificamente avaliar a frequência de citações ao Manifesto em quatro periódicos representativos da época. No Estudo 2, ampliou-se a busca para o nome e para a obra geral do autor na mesma base e no mesmo período. Os dados dos estudos mostram que o Manifesto foi citado 20 vezes ao longo do período analisado, sendo 60% nos dois primeiros anos. Entretanto, tal trabalho, em termos proporcionais, foi apenas o terceiro mais citado do autor. A obra mais referenciada foi o livro Psychology from the Standpoint of a Behaviorist (1919), seguido pelo livro Behavior: An Introduction to Comparative Psychology (1914). Concluímos que a obra de Watson teve algum impacto no período analisado e sugerimos a necessidade de criar parâmetros externos de compa-ração para avaliar de maneira precisa e confiável o impacto de uma obra ou de um autor.
The Influence of Work Motivation and Career Development on Employee Loyalty, Case Study of PT Delta Indonesia Pranenggar
Authors: Sulistianto R. Hario , Haikal Fahri , Priyono Agung , Johardi Musdalifa Ramdhani
Published: December 2024

This study dives into the qualities companies seek in their workforce, highlighting the need for employees who are not only skilled but also dedicated to their tasks. By examining PT Delta Indonesia Praneggar's employees, it focuses on how work motivation and career development influence employee loyalty. The research draws from a sample of 36 permanent employees who have worked for at least two years. Data was collected using questionnaires—distributed either online or offline—and secondary sources like company records and documentation. The findings reveal an interesting pattern. Work motivation alone does not have a notable impact on employee loyalty. In contrast, career development significantly strengthens employee commitment. When examined together, work motivation and career development both contribute to fostering loyalty among employees. This indicates that while motivation is important, structured career growth plays a more substantial role in retaining a committed workforce.
Impact of military conflict in Ukraine on the achievement of the goals of the WHO “End TB” strategy
Authors: Todoriko L.D. , Pidverbetskyi O.Ya. , Pidverbetska O.V. , Shevchenko O.S.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND. In 2014, the World Health Organization approved the “End TB” strategy with the goal of eliminating tuberculosis (TB) as a global threat by 2035.
OBJECTIVE. To assess the impact of military conflicts in Ukraine on the dynamics of TB incidence, prevalence, and mortality indicators within the framework of achieving the “End TB” strategy goals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. An analysis of TB epidemiological indicators in Ukraine in general and in the Chernivtsi region in particular was conducted from 2013 to 2023.
RESULTS. Military actions in eastern Ukraine in 2014 led to delays in TB diagnosis and treatment. The incidence and mortality rates of TB in Ukraine remained higher than the target levels set by the “End TB” strategy. The 2020 quarantine resulted in a 29.8 % reduction in TB incidence. The onset of military actions in 2022 caused massive population migration, destruction of healthcare facilities, and increased health risks, creating epidemiologically unfavorable conditions for TB. By 2023, TB incidence had decreased by 31.3 % and mortality by 36.1 % compared to 2015; however, the TB epidemiological situation remains threatening.
CONCLUSIONS. Achieving the strategy’s 2025 target indicators appears unlikely due to the negative impact of war and post-pandemic consequences, considering recent trends of gradually increasing TB incidence.
Use of Chloro(chloromethyl)dimethylsilane in the Synthesis of Silicon Derivatives of Pyrrole
Authors: Shut'ko E. D. , Belova L. O. , Pletneva M. V. , Golub N. A. , Kirilin A. D.
Published: December 2024

The reaction of pyrrole with hexamethyldisilazane/chloro(chloromethyl)dimethylsilane is shown to lead to the formation of only the transsilylation product—previously unknown 1-[(chloromethyl)dimethylsilyl]-1H-pyrrole. This product was also obtained by the counter synthesis through the interaction of 1-(trimethylsilyl)-1H-pyrrole with chloro(chloromethyl)dimethylsilane. Unlike diazoles, in this case no rearrangement of the Cl–CH2–Si–N bond system into the Cl–Si–CH2–N system and isomerization of the transsilylation product into the silicon methylation product are realized.
Students' Mathematical Literacy in Solving HOTS Problems: Does Learning Style Make a Difference?
Authors: Khan Salfadhilla Najma , Setyaningsih Rini
Published: December 2024

Differences in students' learning styles, whether visual, auditory, or kinesthetic, affect the way of students in absorbing, processing, and understanding the mathematical information provided. This statement indicates that differences in learning styles also affect students' mastery of mathematical literacy and students' skills in solving problems involving higher-order thinking skills. So, this study aims to describe students' mathematical literacy skills in solving higher-order thinking skills (HOTS)-oriented problems in terms of students' learning styles. The research used descriptive qualitative research that is involving 6 eighth-grade students at a junior high school in Blora, Central Java, Indonesia, as research subjects selected using simple random sampling techniques. The instruments used were a learning style questionnaire to identify students' learning styles, HOTS-oriented equation of a straight line problems to reveal students' mathematical literacy, and interviews to confirm the answers given by students in the test. Data were analyzed using an interactive model, namely data reduction, data presentation, and data verification, accompanied by triangulation techniques to ensure the validity of the data. The results showed that students with a visual learning style were more dominant in mastering communication skills and the ability to use language and symbolic, formal, and technical operations. In contrast, students with auditory learning styles are only dominant in mastering communication skills. While students with kinesthetic learning styles are more dominant in mastering language use skills and symbolic, formal, and technical operations.
Amazonian and Andean tree communities are not tracking current climate warming
Authors: Farfan-Rios William , Feeley Kenneth , Myers Jonathan , Tello Sebastian , Sallo-Bravo Jhonatan , Malhi Yadvinder , Phillips Oliver , Baker Tim , Nina-Quispe Alex , Garcia-Cabrera Karina , Saatchi Sasan , Terborgh John , Pitman Nigel , Monteagudo Mendoza Abel , Vasquez Rodolfo , Salinas-Revilla Norma , Cayola Leslie , Fuentes Alfredo , Loza Isabel , Nuñez Vargas Percy , Silman Miles
Published: December 2024

Climate change is shifting species distributions, leading to changes in community composition and novel species assemblages worldwide. However, the responses of tropical forests to climate change across large-scale environmental gradients remain largely unexplored. Using long-term data over 66,000 trees of more than 2,500 species occurring over 3,500 m elevation along the hyperdiverse Amazon-to-Andes elevational gradient, we assessed community-level shifts in species composition through a 44-year time span. We tested for the predicted increase in relative abundances of species from warmer climates (thermophilization) along the Amazon-to-Andes elevational gradients in Peru and Bolivia. Additionally, we examined the relative contributions of tree mortality, recruitment, and growth to observed compositional changes. Mean thermophilization rates across the Amazon-to-Andes gradient were slow relative to concordant changes in regional temperatures. Thermophilization rates were positive and more variable among Andean forest plots compared to Amazonian plots but were fastest at mid-elevations around the cloud base. Across all elevations, thermophilization rates were driven primarily by tree mortality and decreased growth of highland species rather than an influx of lowland species with higher thermal optima. Given the high variability of community-level responses to warming along the elevational gradients and the generally slower-than-warming rates of compositional change, we conclude that most tropical tree species, and especially Amazonian tree species, will not be able to escape current or future climate change through upward range shifts.
Indigenous Plots in Twenty-First Century Latin American Cinema
Authors: González Rodríguez Milton Fernando
Published: December 2024

Indigenous Plots in Twenty-First Century Latin American Cinema, by Maria Chiara D’Argenio, Springer, 2022