bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of Implementation of the Regulatory Function of Family Law Agreements
Authors: Nizamieva O. N.
Published: October 2020

The paper analyzes the peculiarities of implementation of the regulatory function of family law agreements, identifies the factors influencing this process. The use of a functional approach in legal research is very traditional and justifiable because it allows to understand more about the meaning of a legal matter, to identify the essential characteristics (properties) of legal phenomena, as well as internal and external interrelations of the legal objects under consideration. The doctrine presents a functional analysis of agreements as a whole, provides scientific developments concerning certain contractual functions, as well as the functional characteristics of certain types and categories of agreements. However, a manifestation of a function may vary depending on the scope of application of the agreement, its legal nature, type, category and other parameters: some functions may be strongly expressed, and others demonstrate weaker manifistations. Such a balance shift in the system of functions of agreements acts as an expression of its direct instrumental nature.The author concludes that the regulatory function is inherent in all family law agreements, the result of which is an individually-defined model of behavior of the parties, fixed by the terms of the family law agreements. The regulatory function manifistation in contracts depends on such interrelated factors as: 1) the balance between private and public components in certain contractual constructions in the are of family law (the greater the public nature in the contractual legal relationship, the stronger contractual freedom depends on regulatory prescriptions); (2) the degree of detail of the normative regulation of the contractal relationship, the existence of legal gaps or intentional non-interference of the legislator in the strictly personal private sphere of the family (the less detailed the relations between the parties to the family agreement are regulated by regulatory legal acts, the more manifested the regulatory function of family law agreement is).
Interest and Need: Critical Look at their Identification in Russian Law
Authors: Malinova A. G.
Published: October 2020

Based on a critical analysis of the doctrinal definitions of the concept of "interest" in sociology, psychology, and law, it is concluded that the prevailing point of view in modern Russian legal theory, i.e. "interest is a conscious need to satisfy a need", is wrongly absolutized. Excessive psychologization of modern legal definitions of interest leads to a direct identification of interests with needs, puts an equal sign between these far from close concepts. It is shown that the widespread use of psychological terminology in legal definitions of interest (In particular, the terms "awareness" and "comprehension"), does not bring any "freshness" in legal knowledge about interests. The vast majority of phenomena, objects, and events in everyday and scientific speech are not considered to be conscious, since the awareness of these phenomena is self-evident. The doctrinal definitions of interests that exist in legal science and highlight their "awareness" as the main feature are practically unsuitable for law enforcement. The author substantiates the conclusion that the widely used legal concept of "interest" needs to be freed from the excessive psychologization of its many meanings, which will, in turn, free itself from the understanding of a conscious need as the only reason for the emergence of interest. It is suggested that the definition of "interest" should be formulated not on specific types or often synonymous meanings of this concept, but on generalizations of a higher order — such as could organically include all currently existing definitions of interest. Only universals can do this. And such a universal is the concept of "well-being".
Fake news, eleições e comportamento
Authors: Baptista Renata Ribeiro , De Aguiar Julio Cesar
Published: October 2020

Resumo: O presente artigo trata das fake news em contexto eleitoral, sob uma perspectiva comportamental. Para tanto, discutem-se as relações entre fake news e democracia, os fatores comportamentais e estruturais que explicam a disseminação de notícias falsas na internet e também as estratégias para seu adequado enfrentamento. Por fim, analisam-se as medidas adotadas contra as notícias falsas na legislação brasileira, com foco nas normas eleitorais, problematizando sua efetividade em função de achados da análise comportamental.Palavras-chave: Fake News, Democracia, Tribalismo político, Análise comportamental, Eleições.Abstract: This paper examines fake news in the electoral context through a behavioral approach. It discusses the relationship between fake news and democracy, the behavioral and structural factors that explain the spread of fake news in the internet and also the strategies to face them properly. Finally, it tackles the adopted measures against fake news in the Brazilian law, notably in the electoral norms, debating their effectiveness considering the previous behavioral analysis.Keywords: Fake news, Democracy, Political tribalismo, Behavioral analysis, Elections.
Research of blood viscosity in patients with purulent and inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region during wound healing
Authors: Khelminskaya Natalya M. , Kravets Viktor I. , Goncharova Aleksandra V. , Krasnov Nikolay M.
Published: October 2020

The article presents the study of changes in blood viscosity during purulent wound healing in patients with purulent and inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region.
Vaccination approach for children born with very low and extremely low body weight
Authors: Mironova Alena K. , Potyanova Ol’ga I. , Osmanov Ismail M.
Published: October 2020

Annually, more than 1 million premature infants die of infectious diseases due to the failure of the mechanisms of antiviral and antibacterial protection. In this regard, immune build up with timely vaccination to prevent severe infections is a particularly important factor. This study presents a retrospective analysis of the results of vaccination of extremely premature infants. The results of immunization were analyzed, and the vaccination scheme for children born with very low and extremely low body weight are presented.
Monitoring the opinions of resident physicians on the state of healthcare system, quality of medical care, and readiness for professional activity in current conditions
Authors: Kasimovskaya Nataliya A.
Published: October 2020

Despite the ongoing reforms, the staff shortage in the healthcare system and the loss of medical personnel in the field still negatively affect the quality of medical care. The article presents the results of monitoring the opinions of future resident physicians of the current organization and the quality of medical care and their readiness for professional activity, as well as their views to the healthcare system needs. It has been established that every third graduate was not ready for the profession before entering the residency, 36.7% considered their future profession to be nonprestigious, only half of the residents (50.3%) considered the medical profession to be highly paid, and personal aptitude (53%) and abilities (40%) were considered the leading factors in choosing the profession. The residents evaluated the quality of medical care at a high level only in a clinical setting (69.7%), and they do not plan to work in regional health care but prefer to stay in Moscow (60.3%). To preserve the healthcare system human resources, it is advisable to develop a program for managing risk factors for the professional environment, starting with training of personnel at the institute of higher education.
Neurochemical study of the mechanism of action of thymus peptides in emotional stress
Authors: Novoseletskaya Anna V. , Kiseleva Nina M.
Published: October 2020

A comparative study of the effect of the thymus hormone thymulin and thymus peptides (thymosin fraction 5) on the content of monoamines and their metabolites in the frontal cortex, striatum, adjacent nucleus, hypothalamus, hippocampus of the brain of Wistar rats, by high performance liquid chromatography, was performed. The hormone and peptides of the thymus were found to reduce emotional stress during functional impairment ofthe avoidance reaction and improved adaptation under stressful conditions in rats, which indicates the anti-stress effect of thymus hormones. The positive effect of the hormone and peptides of the thymus were manifested in a change in the balance of serotonin and norepinephrine in favor of the former in the hypothalamus and frontal cortex.
Iatrogenic (drug induced) cognitive disorders
Authors: Damulin Igor’ V. , Strutsenko Alla A.
Published: October 2020

This article discusses the clinical and pathogenetic aspects of iatrogenic (drug induced) cognitive disorders. It is emphasized that in most cases the etiology of these disorders is multifactorial in nature. In some cases, iatrogenic disorders are caused by the intake of an inadequately large dose of the drug, while in other cases, they are caused by the side effect of drugs. Disorders such as cerebral homeostasis, impaired permeability of the bloodbrain barrier and the neurochemical properties of a certain drug are important. Side effects of drug therapy in elderly patients are much more common than in patients of a younger age, which is due to a number of causes, namely the poly-pragmasy characteristic of the elderly patients, erroneous prescription of certain drugs, drug interactions, altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and increased sensitivity to medications. Various groups of drugs are considered, during the intake of which, neuropsychiatric disorders may occur. In this case, special attention is paid to drugs with cholinolytic properties. Neurological disorders arising from radiation therapy were analyzed separately. It was concluded that it is necessary to assess the possible adverse effect of previously prescribed drug therapy for various indications in patients with cognitive impairment.
Diagnostics and the combined medical tactics at patients with erectile dysfunction at a empty sella syndrome
Authors: Markosyan Tigran G. , Bolevich Stefani S. , Nikitin Sergey S. , Markosyan Armida G. , Korchazhkina Natalia B.
Published: October 2020

Background.The study of hormonal status in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED), especially the older and senior age groups, is most often limited to the evaluation of testosterone fractions
Aim:demonstrate the effectiveness of transcranial magnetotherapy in a combined treatment regimen for patients with empty sella syndrome (ESS).
Methods.Results of diagnostics examination and treatment of 118 patients with the ED hormonal form at the age of 2357 are studied. The expressiveness of disturbances of erectile function and signs of androgenic deficiency are estimated by means of questionnaires of AMS and a scale of Morley, the penil color flow Doppler ultrasound with intracavernous pharmacological tests is carried out, the hormonal status is estimated. At suspicion of neuroendocrine pathology MRI of the brain is executed. At all examined patients signs of decrease erectile functions are revealed. In 62 (52.5%) observations during MRI the picture of ESS is revealed. In 22 (18.6%) observations the changes of an eyeground demonstrating increase in intracranial pressure takes place, however loss of fields of vision is not observed in any of patient. Persistent headaches are noted in 19 (16.1%) observations. In 46 (39%) observations at patients with considerable obesity signs of disturbance of tolerance to glucose and insulin resistance are revealed. To patients hormone replacement therapy is appointed, at identification of a hyperprolactinemia agonists of dopamine receptors in an individual dosage under control of level of prolactin are used, therapy of intracranial hypertensia is carried out. In complex therapy transcranial magnetotherapy is used.
Results.Therapy is effective, during treatment increase in frequency and duration of sexual intercourses is noted. At control Doppler researches of a penis improvement of a regional hemodynamics is noted. Cancellation of medicines lead to resuming of symptomatology of a disease.
Conclusion.Thus, the research shows powerful value of a syndrome of ESS in a pathogeny of ED demanding multidisciplinary approach with involvement of adjacent specialists endocrinologists, neurologists and ophthalmologists. It is important to note that ESS, in most cases, is an accidental tomographic finding, at the same time often is followed by disturbance of tolerance to glucose, obesity, a metabolic syndrome. Introduction in complex therapy of transcranial magnetic influence substantially improves results of treatment of this category of patients, as due to additional stimulation of synthesis of pituitary hormones, and cerebral decompression.
The effectiveness of a new complex of physical rehabilitation with the inclusion of mechanotherapy technologies in improving quality of life in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures
Authors: Marchenkova Larisa A. , Makarova Ekaterina V. , Gerasimenko Marina Yu. , Vasilieva Valeria A. , Eryomushkin Mikhail A. , Styazkina Elena M. , Evstigneeva Inna S.
Published: October 2020

Background. Medical rehabilitation plays a key role in restoring functionality and social activity, as well as the physical and psychological aspects of quality of life (QOL) in patients with pathological fractures in the setting of osteoporosis (OP).
Objective: to assess the effect of a new complex of physical rehabilitation with the inclusion of mechanotherapy on the physical and psychological aspects of QOL in patients with vertebral fractures (VFs) and OP.
Methods. The study was carried out in the form of a prospective controlled open study in two parallel groups. 90 patients with osteoporotic VF were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to the intervention group (group 1, n=60), which received a new complex of physical therapy, or control group (group 2, n=30), which received only special complex of physical exercises. QOL and pain level assessment was performed at baseline and at follow-up on the 21st and 70th day in patients of both groups. A special questionnaire QUALEFFO-41 was used to assess QOL.
Results. Administration of a new physical rehabilitation complex resulted in pain reduction and improvement of such QOL aspects as jobs around the house, mobility and mental state. No dynamics was found in QUALEFFO-41 scale in daily living activity and leisure, social activities, general health perception domains. Therapy effect on pain syndrome relief, expansion of daily living activity, mobility and increasement in overall QOL assessment, remains for at least 4 weeks after the rehabilitation course.
Conclusion. New three-week physical therapy complex, including mechanotherapeutic methods with biological feedback and special physical exercises in the gym and pool can be recommended for the rehabilitation of patients with osteoporotic VF in order to increase QOL and reduce back pain.
The medical sociological evaluation of quality of life of oncologic patients receiving therapy with national cytokines
Authors: Reshetnikov A. V , Prisiajnaia N. V , Sobolev K. E
Published: October 2020

The article presents the results of medical sociological study of quality of life of oncologic patients. Among them, 96% suffered from cancer stage III-IV of various localization and were applied therapy with nationally manufactured cytokines. From the basis of study data it is marked that overwhelming majority (80.3%) of patients involved into study noted amelioration of their quality of life after inception of treatment with pharmaceuticals "Refnot" (tumor necrosis factor a-timosine-a1) and "Ingaron" (interferon gamma). At that, duration of intake of pharmaceuticals occurred directly related to positivisation not only of physical condition but also as sequence of this process quality of life of patients. The increasing of quality of life related to intake of pharmaceuticals "Refnot" and "Ingaron" is clearly demonstrated by answers of patients to question about changes occurred in their life from the moment of inception of treatment. So, 48.6% of participants of survey declared about amelioration of symptomatic, 27% - about amelioration of general condition, 20.5% - about increasing of capacity for work. the increasing of physical activity was marked by 18.9% of respondents and 13,5% indicated to increasing of their social activity. The scheme of intake of pharmaceuticals, convenience of therapy, and confidence of patient in effectiveness of action of these pharmaceuticals undoubtedly enhance preservation of social activity of respondents and permit them to focus besides process of treatment, on other spheres of life activity that positively reflects on total level and quality of their life. The carried out medical sociological study demonstrated that intake of nationally manufactured recombinant gene engineering cytokines in oncologic practice permit, at high indices of effectiveness in target group, to preserve physical, social and professional activity of patients.
Difficulties in primary diagnosis of HIV infection at the stages of health care settings
Authors: Esaulenko Elena V. , Novak Kseniya E. , Ingabire Thierry , Semenova Sof’ya A. , Nikiforova Aleksandra O.
Published: October 2020

Aim: to demonstrate the difficulties and timeliness of HIV diagnosis by primary care physicians, to carry out a clinical and epidemiological analysis of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection.
Materials and methods: The study evaluated the routing of diagnosis and analyzed the epidemiological and clinical and laboratory data of 85 patients with a newly diagnosed HIV infection hospitalized in the St. Petersburg Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after S. P. Botkin during the period from November 2018 to October 2019. To confirm positive results, ELISA and western blot were used.
Results: Among the observed patients, 71.3% were women and 28.7% were men. The average age was 39.3 2 years. Upon admission to the infectious diseases hospital with an established diagnosis of HIV infection, 49.5% were hospitalized in specialized departments (n = 42). Of them, nine (9) were referred by the polyclinic with an established diagnosis, in 20 patients the diagnosis was established in somatic hospitals, and emergency room doctors newly diagnosed HIV infection in 13 more patients. The remaining 50.5% (n = 43) were hospitalized in various departments with other diagnoses. Clinical and laboratory analysis of these patients showed that for the first time in life, an established diagnosis of HIV infection corresponded to both early (15.3%) and late (84.7%) stages of the disease with dominance of sexual transmission of the virus (43.6%).
Conclusion: HIV infection at both early and late stages can manifest under the guise of various other diseases, which makes it necessary to expand testing of patients for HIV infection, including using rapid tests.
Sarcomatous tumor of the right ovary, removed by laparotomy in the gynecological department at the Mogilev obstetric institution
Authors: Lipinsky S.
Published: October 2020

Unfortunately, we do not yet have accurate statistics of malignant neoplasms of the ovaries. Virkhov, for example, of the opinion that they are quite rare. In Schroeder's 600 cases of neoplasms of the ovaries, there are only 10 cases of malignant, consequently somewhat more than 1%. Wert in relation to ovarian cysts determines the frequency of dense neoplasms in 5%. Spencer Wells initially rose 1.72%, followed by even less 1.2%. Leopold), from a more distant time, there are only 8 cases of malignant neoplasms of the ovaries: 4 cases of Spencer Wlls, of which two were fatal, two cases of Spiegelberg, both were fatal, one case of Buren and one recovered a rural doctor whose patient died of a collapse shortly after the operation. Even if we assume that cases of malignant neoplasms of the ovaries are quite rare, then all the same, judging by the latest reports, it cannot be argued that this rarity would be in such a scale as the authors just cited for a longer time estimate it.
Dr. E. R. Corson. - A Suggestion in the Operation for Vesico-vaginal Fistula. - (American Journal of Obstetrics etc., 1894, VIII, p. 209-212). - Improvement in the technique of suturing vesicovaginal fistulas
Authors: Ginzburg M.
Published: October 2020

A black woman suffering from a fistula of 4 millimeters in diameter, located on the anterior wall of the vagina, was twice unsuccessfully operated on by Dr. Corson. Then S., starting the 3rd section of the operation, came up with such an adaptation: taking a small, guta-percha ball (children's toy), cut it into the center and. I inserted an oblong shoe button through the hole with the eye outward; a strong thread is pulled through the eyelet. The ball in a compressed form is passed through the fistula into the bladder. When the ball is pulled downwards, the edges of the fistula, protruding, become clearly visible and easily accessible. Having freed the edges of the fistula and applied sutures, Corson parted the stitches, removed the ball from the urinary bladder and then finished the operation in the usual way. The fistula healed with primary tension.
Dr. Ralf Worral. (Sydney) .— Six consecutive Vaginal, Hysterectomies for Cancer .— (The Australasian Medic. Gaz., 1895, January 15, pp. 12-14). - Six cases of vaginal excision of the uterus due to cancer
Authors: Ginzburg M.
Published: October 2020

From January 1892, Dr. Warral performed six operations for the removal of the uterus with a successful outcome. The age of the patients was 17, 32, 38, 39, 43 and 52 years old. One was unmarried, the rest were multiparous; bleeding before the operation lasted for many months in 5 and only in one - 3 years. A lot of lesions were: uterine heat in 3-x, cervix in 2-x, vaginal port in 1-m case; in the last day, the cancer moved to the posterior wall of the vagina, and in 2 cases of cervical cancer, the lesion spread from the outside to the parameters, from the inside, along the mucous membrane, to the uterus.
Chronicle and mix
Authors: Zhestkov V. P.
Published: October 2020

- On May 19 in Kazan he defended his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medicine as an assistant at the Department of Psychiatry of the Kazan University B. I. Vorotynskiy. The professional opponents were: N.A.Mislavsky, L.O.Darkshevich and I.M.Dogel. All opponents gave flattering reviews about the candidate's work and wished him to continue to work with the same success in his chosen field.
Some notes about the retina
Authors: Reznikov M.
Published: October 2020

In my work "On the doctrine of the structure of the retinal shell" I presented the results of my research, relating to all the known elements of this organ. In it, I, mainly, had in mind to check the data of Cajal and Dogel and the scheme of the mutual relationship of elements that was developed thanks to the wonderful works of these scientists. In this article I will focus on private issues and develop in more detail some of the additional conclusions to which my research led me.
Dear comrade!
Authors: Bekhterev V.
Published: October 2020

On November 19, the upcoming 1897, it will be 30 years since the opening of the clinic for mental illnesses at the Imperial Military Medical Academy in St. Petersburg. In addition, a new, completely separate building at a mental health clinic, intended to serve as a clinic for nervous diseases, will be completed approximately in time, and will open at the beginning of the next academic year. Bearing in mind both of these major events in the life of the oldest psychiatric clinic in Russia, it is supposed to commemorate these events by the establishment of a psychiatric and neurological museum, for which there is a special facility in the building currently under construction for nervous patients.
On the number of empty cells in the allocation scheme of indistinguishable particles
Authors: Chuprunov Alexey , Fazekas Istvan
Published: October 2020

The allocation scheme of \(n\) indistinguishable particles into \(N\) different cells is studied. Let the random variable \(\mu_0(n,K,N)\) be the number of empty cells among the first \(K\) cells. Let \(p=\frac{n}{n+N}\). It is proved that \(\frac{\mu_0(n,K,N)-K(1-p)}{\sqrt{ K p(1-p)}}\) converges in distribution to the Gaussian distribution with expectation zero and variance one, when \(n,K, N\to\infty\) such that \(\frac{n}{N}\to\infty\) and \(\frac{n}{NK}\to 0\). If \(n,K, N\to\infty\) so that \(\frac{n}{N}\to\infty\) and \(\frac{NK}{n}\to \lambda\), where \(0<\lambda<\infty\), then \(\mu_0(n,K,N)\) converges in distribution to the Poisson distribution with parameter \(\lambda\). Two applications of the results are given to mathematical statistics. First, a method  is offered to test the value of \(n\). Then, an analogue of the run-test is suggested with an application in signal processing.
Crowdsourced Software Testing: A Timely Opportunity
Authors: Donepudi Praveen Kumar
Published: October 2020

The concept of crowdsourcing has gained a lot of attention lately. Many companies are making use of this concept for value creation, as well as the performance of varied tasks. Despite its wide application, little is known about crowdsourcing, especially when it comes to crowdsourced software testing. This paper explores the crowdsourced software testing concept from a wider perspective ranging from a cost-benefit analysis, crowdsourcing intermediaries, and the level of expertise in the crowd. Drawing from a varied range of sources, a systematic literature review is done, where the research narrows down to ten most relevant peer-reviewed sources of high impact rating. In a comparative analysis between crowdsourced software testing and in-house testing, it is found that crowd testing has numerous advantages when it comes to efficiency, user heterogeneity, and cost-effectiveness.  The study indicates that intermediaries play a key role in managing the connection between the crowd and crowdsourcing companies despite various challenges. A comparison between novice testers and expert testers reveals that both the two have their unique capabilities in their respective domains.
Prostate cancer in Saudi Arabia: trends in incidence, morphological and epidemiological characteristics
Authors: Alshehri Bandar M.
Published: October 2020

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cause of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among men worldwide. This paper aims to determine the incidence of the prostate cancer cases in Saudi Arabia between 1994 and 2016.Methods: In this study, the statistics of prostate cancer cases recorded in reports of the Saudi cancer registry for the period from 1994 to 2016 are used. The data and numbers of these reports were assessed to review the full picture during the study period. Age-standardized and age-specific incidence rates were calculated for these purposes.Results: In total, 89,880 cancer cases were recorded for the period between 1994 and 2016. The number of prostate cancer cases out of this total is 5,332. The age-adjusted prostate cancer incidence increased from 4.1 in 1994 to 6.3 in 2016. A variation in the incidence of prostate cancer by region was noticed, and a direct relationship was identified between prostate cancer rates and the ages of those with prostate cancer, with the majority of people with prostate cancer being over 50 years.Conclusions: The overall appearance of prostate cancer is moving upwards. Differences in the incidence rates between men who live in different Saudi regions suggest that environment, behaviour and genetic factors may be a cause. Exploring these factors is necessary to take advantage of them while drawing up the prevention plans.
A long term functional and radiological outcome assessment study of management of high grade acromioclavicular joint injury
Authors: Goel Rajesh , Bhushan Anand , Kumar Sandeep , Kumar Mohit
Published: October 2020

Background: Acromioclavicular joint dislocation (ACD) of Rockwood types III and above require surgical intervention. We used a unique technique for CC interval fixation using endobutton with two separate small incisions, which did not need dissection through the joint at all. It replaces the anatomical course of conoid and trapezoid part of the CC ligament. The purpose of the present study was to describe an innovative method of fixation and evaluate its functional outcome using subjective as well as objective measures. We aimed to determine whether this fixation method could be an optimal alternative to address this injury.

Methods: A total of 24 patients were enrolled for this prospective longitudinal study. Coraco-clavicular distance was calculated radiologically preoperatively and at the final follow up.  Clinically, the final outcome was assessed using the Shoulder Constant score and visual analogue scale (VAS) for residual pain at the final follow up.

Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two shoulders and results were considered as an excellent in terms of constant shoulder score. The VAS was 0.42 (0-1) at final follow-up. The coraco-clavicular distance (CC) reduced significantly postoperatively and was comparable to the contralateral side.

Conclusions: Our study results suggested that this is a simple, safe and effective technique which needed minimal dissection.
Short term results of a single autologous whole blood injection for treatment of resistant tennis elbow
Authors: Wani Mubashir Maqbool , Manzoor Qazi Waris , Bashir Arshad , Mir Bashir Ahmed , Wani Suhail
Published: October 2020

Background: Lateral epicondylitis commonly called tennis elbow is a common cause of elbow pain and involves degeneration of common extensor origin with no unanimously supported algorithm for the treatment. Recently, autologous blood injection has been reported for the treatment of resistant cases. We present the short term results of a single shot of autologous whole blood for the treatment of resistant tennis elbow.

Methods: The study was conducted on 56 patients who fulfilled the other inclusion criteria’s. 2 ml of autologous whole blood was introduced just proximal to the lateral epicondyle and the contents were injected on the under surface of the extensor carpi radialis group of muscles. Pain severity using VAS and Nirschl Staging was assessed before injection and re-evaluation was done at 4 weeks, 12 weeks and 6 months.

Results: Before the procedure average pain score was 7.5(range 5-9). The average Nirschl stage was 5.5 (range 4-7). After autologous blood injections the average pain score decreased to 4 at 4 weeks, 2.8 at 12 weeks and 2.5 at 6 months. The average Nirschl stage decreased to 3.53 at 4 weeks, 2.45 at 12 weeks and 2.3 at 6months. The reduction was statistically significant (p<0.001). 28 out of 56 patients (50%) were completely relieved of pain with a pain score of 0 at 6 months. There was no major complication.

Conclusions: A single injection of autologous whole blood for resistant tennis elbow is an economical and effective treatment and has an excellent safety profile.
Trans-osseous intraoperative limb length measurement in hip replacement surgery
Authors: Pilar Anoop , Rao Srivatsa Nagaraj , Muniswamy Madan Mohan , Manohar Sandesh G , Amaravathi Rajkumar S.
Published: October 2020

Background: Discrepancy of the limb length following total hip replacement is one of common complication. To reduce the occurrence, various modalities are used like pre-operative templating, navigation assisted measurements and intraoperative methods. This study was done using trans-osseous method of measurement using hip gauge which provides a faster, simpler assessment of limb length.

Methods: A prospective study of 25 patients who underwent uncemented hip arthroplasty was taken in the study and the LLD was measured before and after the surgical procedure. Patient were re-assessed for limb length discrepancy after 6 months with functional Harris hip score and radiological analysis on weight bearing standard X-ray antero-posterior view of the pelvis with bilateral hip joint.

Results: The results showed significant improvement in limb length discrepancy, and analysis of postoperative radiographs found the mean length difference of 2.44 mm and average Harris hip score was 95.5. No device related complications were reported, and none of them complained of the discomfort related to limb-length discrepancy after surgery.

Conclusions: Trans-osseous fixed method using hip gauge provides a faster, reproducible and simpler method for the assessment of Limb length and aids with offset placement, acetabular anteversion for precise cup placement. This is a reliable method as it can be used both in the primary and revision hip surgery and most importantly doesn’t require any additional intraoperative imaging.
Arachnoid web: a mystery unravelled
Authors: Nair Rohit R. , Sastry Purushotham , Gurumurthy B. , Kumar Nandish K. C.
Published: October 2020

A 47-year-old lady came with complaints of dull aching low backache and numbness over both the lower limbs since six months, aggravated since one week. She had tenderness over dorsal (D8-D10) and lumbar (L4-L5) spinal and paraspinal regions. Radiographs were inconclusive. Plain and contrast Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the dorso-lumbar (D-L) spine with whole spine screening were also inconclusive initially. But close observation and serial viewing of all the sections revealed features of an arachnoid web at D7-D8 vertebral level. Patient underwent D7, D8 laminectomy with durotomy and arachnoid web excision. She had considerable improvement in her symptoms after the surgery. Hence, prompt recognition and early surgery ensure good outcomes in this uncommon yet relevant clinical entity.
Role of nutritional supplements in the management of tendinopathies: focus on combination of type 1 collagen, vitamin C and mucopolysaccharides
Authors: Agrawal Dinesh , Shah Aalok , Mehta Kapil Dev , Jain Rishi , Motlekar Salman
Published: October 2020

Tendinopathy is a common disease that is difficult to manage due to its recurrent nature. It is associated with increased healthcare costs and significantly impacts quality of life of patients. Also, according to recent studies patients with high cholesterol and diabetes are at a higher risk of developing tendinopathy. There has been rise in the incidence of tendinopathies due to increase in sport activities, life expectancy and some other factors (environment, diet and some drug therapies). Approximately 30% of visits for musculoskeletal pain in general practice are related to tendon injury. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids remain the mainstay of treatment. Despite the use of current therapies, there is need of a supportive therapy that can help in the healing process towards development of physiologically normal tendons. Nutraceuticals have been used as supportive therapy for management of tendinopathies. This review focuses on the management of tendinopathy with special attention on role of nutraceuticals such as type I collagen, mucopolysaccharides and vitamin C in the management of tendinopathy. Clinical data suggests that this combination (type I collagen, mucopolysaccharides and vitamin C) promotes the endogenous synthesis of collagen type I, avoiding the accumulation of collagen type III and aggrecan, thus interfering with the degeneration of tendon tissue. Based on the available clinical data, combination of type I collagen, mucopolysaccharides and vitamin C not only reduce the clinical symptoms but also improve structural evolution of different types of tendinopathies as well as plantar fascitis.
A study of dermatological disorders with primary psychiatric illness from South India
Authors: D. Jeena Dixon , Rajagopal Rajesh
Published: October 2020

Background: Dermatological disorders are frequent among patients with psychiatric illness. The interaction between skin and mind is complex. Pre-existing skin diseases may be modified in psychiatric illness due to self induced changes which may delay the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases and result in complications. There are only few published studies about skin diseases in psychiatric patients from south India. We are undertaking this study to highlight the importance of dermatology consultation in psychiatric patients.

Methods: 200 patients with primary psychiatric disorders who accepted for the study were subjected to history taking and general examination. Detailed dermatological examination was carried out by visual inspection and clinical examination.

Results: Out of 200 patients, 65 were diagnosed with major depressive disorder, 42 patients were with bipolar disorder, 40 with schizophrenia, 30 with obsessive compulsion disorder, 23 with anxiety disorder. 153 (76.5%) patients had dermatological findings, in which 84 (55%) had infectious disease, 35 (22.9%) had parasitic infections, 26 (17%) had fungal infections, 15 (9.8%) had bacterial infections, 8 (5.23%) had viral infections. 56 (36.6%) had non-infectious skin findings, 22 (14.4%) had acne, 15 (9.8%) had pruritis, 12 (7.84%) had eczema, 5 (3.3%) had psoriasis and 2 (1.3%) had vitiligo. 13 (8.4%) patients had psychodermatological problems, 10 (6.53%) had neurotic excoriation, 2 (1.3%) had delusion of parasitosis and 1 (0.6%) had trichotillomania.

Conclusions: This study implies that there is a definite association of dermatology and psychiatry.
A puzzling diagnosis: mycosis fungoides masquerading as pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: Jairath Neil K. , Jairath Ruple , Porter Krislyn , Davis Jon C.
Published: October 2020

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a form of cutaneous T cell lymphoma that initially affects the epidermis, and is characterized by the clonal proliferation of mature cluster of differentiation (CD4)+T cells. We report a 73-year old male presenting with chin and right axillary skin lesions that had ulceration and granulating areas. Initial biopsy revealed mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate, which suggested an initial diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum. Despite treatment, the progressive worsening of the skin lesions prompted multiple repeat biopsies, which eventually revealed a predominance of T cells within the infiltrate. A T cell receptor rearrangement resulted in elevated monoclonal T cell populations, confirming a diagnosis of MF. Subsequent positron emission tomography (PET) scans revealed metastatic involvement of the disease, which ultimately led to the patient’s death. Clinical presentations of MF can mimic several different clinical entities, including pyoderma gangrenosum. This report highlights the importance of a multimodal approach to the diagnosis of unidentified skin lesions.
Necrotizing fasciitis with prior leprosy: a case report
Authors: Teng Vannia C. , Esti Prima K. , Pribadi Sweety
Published: October 2020

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a life-threatening soft tissue infection with a high misdiagnosis rate. Here, we present the case of NF with hypoesthesia due to prior leprosy in a limited resource area. Laboratory risk indicator for NF (LRINEC) score was used to determine the diagnosis of NF. Resuscitation and broad-spectrum antibiotic were initiated, followed by surgical debridement due to lack of wound improvement and skin graft to cover the wound was done. This case report highlights the usage of LRINEC score to reduce misdiagnosis, ensure early diagnosis, and improve patient management in NF with masking effect.
Frontal fibrosing alopecia: state of the art and future directions
Authors: Lascasas Joana R. , Peixoto Joana S. , Vedor Sofia C.
Published: October 2020

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a primary lymphocytic cicatricial alopecia, characterized by recession of frontotemporal hairline with frequent involvement of eyebrows and affecting occasionally other body areas. Entitled an emerging epidemic, due to its rising incidence, FFA etiology remains unclear without proven effective therapies. This study reviews relevant publications on FFA, regarding pathogenesis, clinical findings, histology along with treatment and prognosis. A bibliographic search was conducted in the main international databases, using the term ‘FFA’. Guidelines, observational studies, randomized controlled trials, reviews, systematic reviews and meta-analysis regardless of publication date, presented in English, Portuguese or Spanish, were included in this review. 50 publications were fully analysed. The majority of FFA cases were observed in postmenopausal women, although both men and women from younger ages can be victims. From an etiological point of view, immune-mediated hypothesis is widely spread, as stem cells localized in the bulge region of the follicle are destroyed by an inflammatory infiltrate. However, environmental factors raised interest, since sunscreen use was related to a bigger incidence of FFA. Three clinical patterns have been described. Yet the failure to use standardized assessment methods in addition to the absence of prospective studies evaluating available therapies, do not concede comparable data. Spontaneous stabilization of disease can occur, but regrowth was only seen in scarce cases. Outcomes from randomized controlled trials and prospective studies are missing to draw further understanding of FFA.
Generating evidences on rational management of dermatophytic infections
Authors: Rizvi Safi Abbas , Lakhani Som
Published: October 2020

Superficial fungal infections are globally responsible for 25% of the skin mycoses cases. Dermatophytosis is a type of superficial fungal infection of skin, a significant cause of morbidity in the world. This pilot study includes most recent literatures with highest ratings and published work which has been submitted in last fifteen years. The literature review is completely oriented in reviewing evidence which includes the type of dermatophytic infection, diagnostic tools, therapeutic and non-therapeutic management of dermatophytic infection having highest level of evidences. Clinical diagnosis of dermatophytic infection and laboratory-based tests are vital in management of dermatophytic infections, considering conventional methods and incorporation of advanced techniques like preparation of skin specimens for microscopic examination by 10% to 20% mount microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, fungal culture, and spectroscopy. Over-use of corticosteroid is strictly discouraged as they carry multiple cutaneous adverse effects. A vast gap is evident in the management of dermatophytic infection with available reviews. Steroid abuse, in dermatophytic infection has led to many adverse effects and chronic skin conditions. Prevention and cure needs support of awareness about the disease and its severity.
Research on the Promotion Path of College Students’ Returning Home to Start Businesses under the Background of Rural Revitalization
Authors: Ou Qiong , Chen Youwei , Peng Min
Published: October 2020

China has vigorously promoted rural revitalization in recent years. Under such background, there are more and more opportunities for college students to return home to start businesses, as well as for employment. Rural revitalization is mainly explored from three paths, namely local characteristic agricultural industry, rural tourism and rural Internet industry. To realize the success of college students’ entrepreneurship back to hometown, it is necessary to improve their entrepreneurial awareness, strengthen the cultivation of their entrepreneurial ability, and set up a system about rural entrepreneurial knowledge. Through improving college students’ entrepreneurial awareness and ability, it is conducive to efficiently collecting and integrating resources and improving their ability of controlling entrepreneurial risks. This article explores and analyzes the promotion path of college students’ returning home to start businesses under the background of rural revitalization, aiming to enhance students’ ability of starting businesses in their hometowns, and promote the revitalization of China’s rural economy.
Analysis of Green Chemical Industry in Synthesis and Application of Polymer Materials
Authors: Liu Bo
Published: October 2020

With the continuous improvement of economic level and living standard in recent years, people’s concept of environmental protection has become stronger and stronger. Developing green production in an all-round way will improve the contradiction between environmental protection and economic development. For the chemical industry, its production activities are a very critical link for the society, but at the same time, it is also the link that produces the most “three wastes”. However, in the future development process of the chemical industry, green industry will be the most important development direction.
Research and Application of Materials from Burnt Breeds of Mine Dumps for Producing Mineral Origin Fillers
Authors: Buravchuk N.I. , Guryanova O.V.
Published: October 2020

Researches of burnt rocks of mine dumps of some mines of the Rostov region are carried out. The technological scheme of the existing complex for processing the rocks of the mine dump is considered. The quality indicators of crushed stone of various fractions and screenings of crushing from burnt rocks are given. The benefits of these placeholders are noted. Such aggregates are primarily suitable for road construction. Disposal of mine dump rocks will allow replenishing the construction industry with new building materials, freeing land from dumps, and improving the environmental situation in the waste disposal areas.
Treatment of Preserved Fecal Sludge Using Anaerobic Digestion.
Authors: Litti Yu.V. , Serdyukov D.V. , Kanunnikov O.V. , Axelrod V.A. , Loiko N.G.
Published: October 2020

Rational ways of treatment of fecal sludge (FS) from environmentally friendly toilet complexes of railway cars preserved with a biocidal agent (BA) based on quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) and polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) are considered. The bacteriostatic effect of BA on different groups (aerobic and anaerobic) of microorganisms in preserved FS was shown. An effective method for reducing the toxic effect of BA in FS by means of pretreatment with acid prior to microbiological processing has been proposed. The conditions for carrying out the process were selected, allowing to increase the efficiency of anaerobic fermentation of FS containing BA.
Features of the Protection of the Military Rear in the Initial Period of the Great Patriotic War
Authors:   Saratov State University, Tsyplin Vitaly G.
Published: October 2020

Based on the analysis of historical literature and archival sources, the article examines the service and combat activities of the troops of the NKVD of the USSR for the protection of the rear in 1941. The features of the rear protection system during the period of reforming state structures and the restructuring of their activities in wartime are considered. A generalized analysis of misunderstandings and contradictions on the staffing, subordination and use of rear guard units in a combat situation is carried out. Some characteristics of the actions of the military leadership are given.
Charity in London under the Tudors: Gender Perspective
Authors:   Saratov State University, Chernova Larisa N.
Published: October 2020

The article examines a charity in London at the end of the 15th–16th Centuries based on the material of the wills of merchants and artisans and their widows. The directions of the citizens‘s charity are identified: Church, social, cultural and educational, and specific forms of their manifestation are characterized from a gender perspective. The author shows that deep social changes and Reformation processes in Tudor England also caused serious transformations of spiritual, religious and moral values of people of that time, which was reflected in the charitable activities of Londoners.