bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patch-Based Assessments of Shifting Cultivation Detected by Landsat Time Series Images in Myanmar
Authors: Shimizu Katsuto , Ota Tetsuji , Mizoue Nobuya , Yoshida Shigejiro
Published: September 2018

Shifting cultivation is a widely practiced agriculture system in the tropics. Regardless of the dominant land use, the dynamics of shifting cultivation over large areas are of limited knowledge. We conducted patch-based assessments and characterization of shifting cultivation extracted from already developed dataset, which detected shifting cultivation by a trajectory-based analysis using annual Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI time series images from 2000 to 2014 in Myanmar. An accuracy assessment was conducted in terms of the size and number of cleared areas compared with reference polygons of shifting cultivation, which were manually delineated by visual interpretation using Landsat and high-resolution satellite images from Google Earth™ in the selected areas. The producer’s and user’s accuracies in detecting the number of shifting cultivation patches were 78.1% and 88.4%, respectively. In whole study area, the probability of disturbances caused by shifting cultivation was significantly affected by distance to the nearest village, indicating the importance of accessibility from residences. The number of shifting cultivation patches showed a decreasing trend in this region and it will lead to less cleared forests such as located far from residences. These dynamics of shifting cultivation have possibility to affect the mosaic patterns of landscape and function maintained in the landscape in this region.
An Analysis of the Water-Energy-Food-Land Requirements and CO2 Emissions for Food Security of Rice in Japan
Authors: Lee Sang-Hyun , Taniguchi Makoto , Mohtar Rabi H. , Choi Jin-Yong , Yoo Seung-Hwan
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of rice-based food security on water, energy, land, and CO2 emissions from a holistic point of view using the Nexus approach, which analyzes tradeoffs between water, energy, and food management. In Japan, both rice consumption and the area harvested for rice have decreased. Maintaining a high self-sufficiency ratio (SSR) in rice production is an important aspect of food security in Japan, impacting the management of key resources, such as water, energy, and land. This study has, therefore, assessed the impact of various SSRs on rice production, focusing on consumption and land-use trends. First, the rice production SSR is predicted to drop to 87% by 2025 within the logarithmic trend of rice consumption and the polynomial trend line of the harvested area of rice. This reflects the fact that rice production is expected to decline more steeply than consumption between 2016 and 2025. Second, this study sets the SSRs for rice in 2025 between 80% and 100%, reflecting a range of low-to-high food security levels. In comparison with the 2016 baseline, about 0.70 × 10 6 additional tons of rice will be produced. Achieving a rice production SSR of 100% will require 10,195 × 10 6 m3 more of water and 23.31 × 10 6 GJ more of energy. Furthermore, an additional 283,000 tons of CO2 will be emitted in 2025, as more energy is used. By contrast, an 80% rice production SSR scenario would save 1482 × 10 6 m3 of water and 3.39 × 10 6 GJ of energy, as well as making a 398,000-ton reduction in CO2 emissions in 2015. A lower SSR would have a positive impact on resource management but a negative impact on food security. It would also reduce the income and economic status of farmers. It is, therefore, important to consider the tradeoffs between food security and resource savings in order to achieve sustainable water, energy, food, and land management in Japan.
Opportunities of Sustainable Development of the Industry of Upholstered Furniture in Romania. A Case Study
Authors: Ciupan Emilia , Ciupan Cornel , Câmpean Emilia-Maria , Stelea Lucia , Policsek Cecilia-Elena , Lungu Florin , Jucan Daniela-Corina
Published: September 2018

Wood is used as a raw material in various industries, including the production of furniture, which puts pressure on the exploitation of the forests and the continuous reduction of their surfaces, with undesirable effects on the environment. The paper provides a way of sustainably manufacturing furniture by replacing wood with composite materials based on natural fibers obtained from fast-growing renewable crops (hemp, willow, flax, etc.) and at the same time a method of assessing the forest areas which can be saved from cutting. The method’s algorithm is based on the estimation of forest area that ensures the annual consumption of wood for the production of furniture, both in the conventional production of furniture and in the unconventional one, where part of the products is made of composites. The agricultural areas required to be cultivated with technical plants to provide the natural fibers necessary for the wood replacement composite were also determined. The case study, based on the data of an upholstered furniture company, shows that replacing only part of the wood for the production of furniture can save about 3000 hectares of beech forests per year and the necessary plant fibers can be obtained from a surface area about 10 to 100 times smaller.
On Fitting Ideals of Kahler Differential Module
Authors: Turan Nurbige , Olgun Necati
Published: September 2018

Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, and R / I and S / J be algebras over k . Ω 1 ( R / I ) and Ω 1 ( S / J ) denote universal module of first order derivation over k . The main result of this paper asserts that the first nonzero Fitting ideal Ω 1 ( R / I ⊗ k S / J ) is an invertible ideal, if the first nonzero Fitting ideals Ω 1 ( R / I ) and Ω 1 ( S / J ) are invertible ideals. Then using this result, we conclude that the projective dimension of Ω 1 ( R / I ⊗ k S / J ) is less than or equal to one.
Some Results on Multigranulation Neutrosophic Rough Sets on a Single Domain
Authors: Zhao Hu , Zhang Hong-Ying
Published: September 2018

As a generalization of single value neutrosophic rough sets, the concept of multi-granulation neutrosophic rough sets was proposed by Bo et al., and some basic properties of the pessimistic (optimistic) multigranulation neutrosophic rough approximation operators were studied. However, they did not do a comprehensive study on the algebraic structure of the pessimistic (optimistic) multigranulation neutrosophic rough approximation operators. In the present paper, we will provide the lattice structure of the pessimistic multigranulation neutrosophic rough approximation operators. In particular, in the one-dimensional case, for special neutrosophic relations, the completely lattice isomorphic relationship between upper neutrosophic rough approximation operators and lower neutrosophic rough approximation operators is proved.
Four Operators of Rough Sets Generalized to Matroids and a Matroidal Method for Attribute Reduction
Authors: Wang Jingqian , Zhang Xiaohong
Published: September 2018

Rough sets provide a useful tool for data preprocessing during data mining. However, many algorithms related to some problems in rough sets, such as attribute reduction, are greedy ones. Matroids propose a good platform for greedy algorithms. Therefore, it is important to study the combination between rough sets and matroids. In this paper, we investigate rough sets and matroids through their operators, and provide a matroidal method for attribute reduction in information systems. Firstly, we generalize four operators of rough sets to four operators of matroids through the interior, closure, exterior and boundary axioms, respectively. Thus, there are four matroids induced by these four operators of rough sets. Then, we find that these four matroids are the same one, which implies the relationship about operators between rough sets and matroids. Secondly, a relationship about operations between matroids and rough sets is presented according to the induced matroid. Finally, the girth function of matroids is used to compute attribute reduction in information systems.
BDCA1+CD14+ Immunosuppressive Cells in Cancer, a Potential Target?
Authors: Van Ee Thomas J. , Van Acker Heleen H. , Van Oorschot Tom G. , Van Tendeloo Viggo F. , Smits Evelien L. , Bakdash Ghaith , Schreibelt Gerty , De Vries I. Jolanda M.
Published: September 2018

Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines show promising effects in cancer immunotherapy. However, their efficacy is affected by a number of factors, including (1) the quality of the DC vaccine and (2) tumor immune evasion. The recently characterized BDCA1+CD14+ immunosuppressive cells combine both aspects; their presence in DC vaccines may directly hamper vaccine efficacy, whereas, in patients, BDCA1+CD14+ cells may suppress the induced immune response in an antigen-specific manner systemically and at the tumor site. We hypothesize that BDCA1+CD14+ cells are present in a broad spectrum of cancers and demand further investigation to reveal treatment opportunities and/or improvement for DC vaccines. In this review, we summarize the findings on BDCA1+CD14+ cells in solid cancers. In addition, we evaluate the presence of BDCA1+CD14+ cells in leukemic cancers. Preliminary results suggest that the presence of BDCA1+CD14+ cells correlates with clinical features of acute and chronic myeloid leukemia. Future research focusing on the differentiation from monocytes towards BDCA1+CD14+ cells could reveal more about their cell biology and clinical significance. Targeting these cells in cancer patients may improve the outcome of cancer immunotherapy.
Maternal Environment Effect of Warming and Eutrophication on the Emergence of Curled Pondweed, Potamogeton crispus L.
Authors: Li Chao , Wang Tao , Zhang Min , Xu Jun
Published: September 2018

Maternal effects may play an important role in life history and offspring performance of aquatic plants. Performance and response of maternal and offspring aquatic plants can affect population dynamics and community composition. Understanding maternal effect can help to fill a gap in the knowledge of aquatic plant life cycles, and provide important insights for species’ responses to climate change and eutrophication. This study showed that maternal warming and eutrophication significantly affected the early life stages of curled pondweed, Potamogeton crispus, a submerged macrophyte. Propagule in warmed condition had higher germination percentages and a shorter mean germination time than those under ambient conditions. However, propagule germination in phosphorus addition treatment was inhibited due to the negative effect of eutrophication, e.g., phytoplankton competition and deteriorated underwater light. Meanwhile, elevated temperature led to a decrease of total nitrogen concentrations and an increase of carbon: nitrogen ratios in plant tissues, which may suggest that P. crispus will allocate more nutrients to propagules in order to resist the adverse effects of high temperature. A subsequent germination experiment in the same ambient condition showed that maternal warming promoted seedling emergence in contrast to maternal phosphorus addition. Consequently, global warming could modify population growth via maternal environmental effects on early life histories, while increased anthropogenic nutrient inputs may result in a decreased submerged macrophyte. These maternal effects on offspring performance may change competition and the survival of early life-history stages under climate warming and eutrophication through changing the ecological stoichiometry of plant tissue.
Comparative Phenotype and Immunogenicity of Freshly Isolated and Immortalized Rat Hepatocytes
Authors: Kaulek Vincent , Saas Philippe , Alexandre Eliane , Grant Helen , Richert Lysiane , Jaeck Daniel , Tiberghien Pierre , Wolf Philippe , Azimzadeh Agnès
Published: September 2018

Immortalized hepatocytes are an attractive cell source for hepatocyte transplantation and gene transfer. We compared the phenotype and immunogenicity of freshly isolated (FIH) and immortalized (IMH) rat hepatocytes. Effect of culture and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ) was studied on phenotype. FIH were isolated by collagenase digestion. Two SV40 immortalized hepatocyte cell lines were tested (RH1 and P9). Immunophenotyping was performed by FACS analysis using anti-rat-specific antibodies. Immunogenicity was evaluated by a mixed lymphocyte hepatocyte reaction (MLHR). FIH suspension was an almost homogeneous parenchymal cell population with few (1–2%) CD8+ cells. FIH showed a positive staining for ICAM-1 (20–35%) and for Class I (RT1A, 30–60%) but no staining for Class II (RT1B). After 48 h of culture, the already ICAM-1-positive cells were more strongly stained and additionally 3.6% of the cells (possibly endothelial cells) were Class II positive. IMH showed a consistent expression of Class I (93–97%) and ICAM-1 (95–97%) but no expression of Class II. Culture of IMH for 48 h had no effect on Class II expression but increased ICAM-1 expression. Addition of TNF-α at 1000 UI/ml to cultures of FIH or IMH increased Class I and ICAM-1 expression whereas IFN-γ (50 or 1000 UI/ml) had no evident effect. Hepatocyte immunogenicity, assessed in MLHR and appreciated by the stimulation index (SI) test/SI syngeneic control, was similar for IMH (RH1: 2.68 ± 0.89; P9: 2.37 ± 0.78) and FIH (2.52 ± 0.18). In conclusion, despite some quantitative immunophenotypic differences, FIH and IMH induced the same proliferation rate of allogeneic T lymphocytes. Thus, immortalized hepatocytes may constitute an appropriate cellular model to study the prevention of hepatocyte rejection by gene transfer.
Nonviral Transfection of Intact Pancreatic Islets
Authors: Lakey J. R. T. , Young A. T. L. , Pardue D. , Calvin S. , Albertson T. E. , Jacobson L. , Cavanagh T. J.
Published: September 2018

Ex vivo gene transfer offers a potential means to introduce genes into cells, which may play an important role in preventing graft rejection and inducing graft tolerance. This study examined the efficiency and toxicity of several lipid-based transfection reagents (LipofectAMINE, DOTAP, and DOSPER) in intact pancreatic islets. Isolated islets were transfected with a pCMV-β-galactosidase plasmid using several DNA/liposome ratios (1:12) of liposomes (3–72 μl) and DNA (3 and 6 μg). Transfection efficiency was quantified by microscopic evaluation of β-galactosidase gene expression in whole intact islets. Functionality of the transfected islets was measured by insulin response to glucose solutions. All transfection reagents evaluated in this study transfected cells within the islets. As expected, untransfected controls and transfected islets with DNA alone did not express β-gal. The highest transfection efficiency and functional viability were obtained following a 48-h incubation after exposure to the transfection mixtures as follows: 3 μl DNA and 18 μl DOTAP/ml (1:6 ratio), 6 μg DNA and 12 μl DOSPER/ml (1:2 ratio), or 6 μg DNA and 12 μl LipofectAMINE/ml (1:2 ratio). The highest rate of transfected cells per islet was obtained using DOTAP. In vitro functionality was not significantly different between DOTAP and nontreated controls. However, optimal transfection efficiency doses of LipofectAMINE and DOSPER significantly reduced the stimulated insulin response of the transfected islets (p < 0.05, ANOVA). The calculated stimulation index (SI) was 7.8 ± 0.6 (mean ± SEM) for DOTAP-transfected islets compared with 8.4 ± 0.5 for nontransfected control islets (p = ns). The SI of DOSPER- and LipofectAMINE-transfected islets was significantly lower (6.1 ± 0.5 and 3.4 ± 0.5, respectively, p < 0.05). Lipid-based transfection using DOTAP at a DNA/lipid ratio of 1:6 provides an effective means of ex vivo gene delivery without compromising in vitro functionality of the transfected islets.
Automated Method for Isolation of Adrenal Medullary Chromaffin Cells from Neonatal Porcine Glands
Authors: Vizzardelli Caterina , Potter Elizabeth D. , Berney Thierry , Pileggi Antonello , Inverardi Luca , Ricordi Camillo , Sagen Jacqueline
Published: September 2018

An automated method for the isolation of neonatal porcine adrenal chromaffin cells is described. Adrenal chromaffin cells are potentially useful for therapeutic transplantation, but current isolation methodology suffers from labor intensiveness and variability in yield and viability due to imprecision of manual techniques, enzyme purity, and gland age and species. The described approach utilizes an adaptation of an automated procedure previously described for isolation of pancreatic islets. Results from neonatal porcine adrenal glands revealed consistent cell yields with high (approximately 99%) viability. Catecholamine assays showed that the resultant cultures continue to produce and secrete norepinephrine and epinephrine. Immunocytochemical analysis indicated that the majority of cells in the preparation are chromaffin cells and adrenal cortical cells. The procedure meets the following requirements: 1) minimal traumatic action on the adrenal chromaffin cells, 2) continuous digestion in which the adrenal cells that are progressively liberated can be saved from further mechanical action, 3) minimal human intervention in the digestion process, and 4) high yield and viability of the isolated adrenal chromaffin cells.
Cultivation of Fetal Liver Cells in a Three-Dimensional Poly-L-Lactic Acid Scaffold in the Presence of Oncostatin M
Authors: Jiang Jinlan , Kojima Nobuhiko , Kinoshita Taisei , Miyajima Atsushi , Yan Weiqun , Sakai Yasuyuki
Published: September 2018

To investigate the feasibility of fetal liver cells for liver tissue engineering, the supporting function of poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) for fetal liver cells and the effects of oncostatin M (OSM) on hepatic differentiation were studied. After preparing three-dimensional biodegradable PLLA scaffold having a well-developed open-pore structure by a gas-forming method with ammonium chloride particles as a porogen and a gas-forming reagent, fetal liver cells separated from E14.5-C57BL/6CrSlc murine embryos were inoculated in the PLLA scaffolds. Cells were cultured in Williams' E medium with or without OSM (10 ng/ml) for 30 days with a medium change every 2 days. Results showed that there were significant increases in the number of cells and in albumin secretion in PLLA culture compared with in monolayer culture on day 15. In addition, a significant increase in albumin secretion was observed in OSM-added PLLA culture compared with OSM-free culture, and there was only a slightly enhanced albumin secretion in monolayer cultures with OSM. These results suggest that PLLA may enhance the biological activity of OSM for inducing maturation of fetal liver cells. Interestingly, the number of cells in PLLA culture with OSM decreased compared with OSM-free PLLA culture at day 15. This may be because promotion of hepatic development by OSM simultaneously suppressed in vitro hematopoiesis (i.e., blood cell production). In summary, our results indicate that the three-dimensional PLLA scaffold is a good support material for the cultivation of fetal liver cells and that OSM is capable of not only terminating hematopoiesis of the fetal liver but also stimulating the maturation of hepatic parenchymal cells in vitro.
Xenografts of MHC-Deficient Mouse Embryonic Mesencephalon Improve Behavioral Recovery in Hemiparkinsonian Rats
Authors: Veng Lone M. , Bjugstad Kimberly B. , Freed Curt R. , Marrack Philippa , Clarkson Edward D. , Bell K. Patricia , Hutt Cindy , Zawada W. Michael
Published: September 2018

The limited availability of human embryonic tissue for dopamine cell transplants in Parkinson's patients has led to an increased interest in using xenogeneic donor tissue. Unfortunately, without aggressive immunosup-pression, such brain xenografts are rejected by the host immune system. Chronic brain xenograft rejection is largely mediated by helper T cells, which require presentation of xenoantigens by major histocompatability complex (MHC) class II for their activation. We examined survival and function of xenografts of E13 mouse mesencephalon deficient in either MHC class I, class II, or both after transplantation into adult hemiparkinsonian rats without immunosuppression. Recipients received grafts from C57BL/6 mice that were either: 1) wild-type (wt), 2) MHC class I knockout (KO), 3) MHC class II KO, 4) MHC class I and II double KO, or 5) saline sham transplants. At 6 weeks after transplantation, recipients of MHC class I KO, class II KO, and double KO xenografts significantly reduced methamphetamine-induced circling rate while rats with wt xenografts and sham-operated rats showed no improvement. MHC class II KO grafts had the greatest number of surviving dopamine neurons. All transplants, including saline sham controls, contained infiltrating host MHC class II-positive cells. Saline sham grafts and MHC class II KO xenografts contained significantly fewer infiltrating host MHC class II-positive cells than did wt grafts. Our results show that MHC class II-deficient xenografts survive transplantation for at least 6 weeks in the absence of immunosup-pression, reduce rotational asymmetry, and provoke lesser immune reaction than wt grafts.
Intrathecal Spinal Progenitor Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Lin Chung-Ren , Wu Ping-Ching , Shih Hsun-Chang , Cheng Jiin-Tsuey , Lu Cheng-Yuan , Chou An-Kuo , Yang Lin-Cheng
Published: September 2018

Injury to, or dysfunction of, the nervous system can lead to spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia, and/or allodynia. It is believed that the number and activity of GABAergic neurons gradually decreases over the dorsal horn. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) immunocompetence has been demonstrated on spinal progenitor cells (SPCs) cultivated in vitro. The intrathecal implantation of these cultivated progenitor cells may provide a means of alleviating neuropathic pain. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve was used to induce chronic neuropathic pain in the hind paw of rats. SPCs (1 × 106) were implanted intrathecally on the third day after the CCI surgery. The behavioral response to thermal hyperalgesia was observed and recorded during the 14 days postsurgery. Various techniques were utilized to trace the progenitor cells, confirm the differentiation, and identify the neurotransmitters involved. GAD immunoactivity was revealed for 65% of the cultivated spinal progenitor cells in our study. We also determined that transplanted cells could survive more than 3 weeks postintrathecal implantation. Significant reductions were demonstrated for responses to thermal stimuli for the CCI rats that had received intrathecal SPC transplantation. A novel intrathecal delivery with SPCs reduced CCI-induced neuropathic pain.
Food Preferences and Culture: The Influence of Nationality and Religion Among Tourists Visiting Goa
Authors: Mekoth Nandakumar , Thomson Albino Roshan
Published: September 2018

The food preferences of tourists while traveling differ from their normal food preferences. These preferences are found to vary according to culture. Culture is often identified with nationality to the extent that many a time we speak of Indian culture, American culture, British culture, etc. Culture is also many a time identified with religion. In this study an attempt is made to understand the food preference of tourists visiting Goa while being in Goa as well as while traveling in general. Food preference has been measured in terms of preference for Goan food, destination food, nonvegetarian food in Goa, and nonvegetarian food while traveling. The independent variable, culture, has been operationalized in terms of nationality (Indian vs. international) and religion. Data have been gathered from 234 tourists visiting Goa by using a structured questionnaire. Results of analysis of data revealed that the preference for Goan food for tourists visiting Goa is not as high as their general preference for destination food while traveling. There was no significant difference in preference for nonvegetarian food while being in Goa compared to the general preference for nonvegetarian food while traveling. The preference for nonvegetarian food in Goa and the general preference for food of destination when traveling were found to depend on whether the tourist is Indian or international. The preference for Goan food and the general preference for nonvegetarian food while traveling were also differing based on Indian or international origin of tourist. Religion wise analysis revealed that although Christians had the highest Hindus had the lowest preference for Goan food. Hindus were also found to have significantly lower preference for destination food and nonvegetarian food. Muslims had the highest preference for nonvegetarian food in Goa. The article contributes practically in terms of developing menu and targeting tourists with respect to nature of tourists; Indian or international and religious affiliation. The article theoretically contributes to existing literature on food preference based on religion and culture.
Impact of Residual Energy on Solar Wind Turbulent Spectra
Authors: Bowen Trevor A. , Mallet Alfred , Bonnell John W. , Bale Stuart D.
Published: September 2018

It is widely reported that the power spectra of magnetic field and velocity fluctuations in the solar wind have power-law scalings with inertial-range spectral indices of −5/3 and −3/2, respectively. Studies of solar wind turbulence have repeatedly demonstrated the impact of discontinuities and coherent structures on the measured spectral index. Whether or not such discontinuities are self-generated by the turbulence or simply observations of advected structures from the inner heliosphere has been a matter of considerable debate. This work presents a statistical study of magnetic field and velocity spectral indices over 10 years of solar wind observations; we find that anomalously steep magnetic spectra occur in magnetically dominated intervals with negative residual energy. However, an increase in negative residual energy has no noticeable impact on the spectral index of the velocity fluctuations, suggesting that these intervals with negative residual energy correspond to intermittent magnetic structures. We show statistically that the difference between magnetic and velocity spectral indices is a monotonic function of residual energy, consistent with previous work that suggested that intermittency in fluctuations causes spectral steepening. Additionally, a statistical analysis of cross-helicity demonstrates that when the turbulence is balanced (low cross-helicity), the magnetic and velocity spectral indices are not equal, which suggests that our observations of negative residual energy and intermittent structures are related to nonlinear turbulent interactions rather than the presence of advected pre-existing flux-tube structures.
A series of unfortunate events: the forgotten botanist and the misattribution of a type collection
Authors: Tepe Eric J.
Published: September 2018

In 1777, Spain sent The Royal Expedition to Peru and Chile, commonly referred to as the “Ruiz and Pavón Expedition”, to document the flora of this richly diverse part of its colonies. The Expedition was active in the New World for 38 years and was led by Hipólito Ruiz and José Pavón, who collected in Peru and Chile for the first 11 years before returning to Spain to work on publication of theFlora Peruviana, et Chilensis. Work on the ground for the reminder of the project in Peru and later Ecuador, was continued by Juan Tafalla and Juan Manzanilla. With few exceptions, all collections from the Expedition including types, have conventionally been attributed to Ruiz and Pavón despite the fact that Tafalla and Manzanilla were responsible for a large part of the collections. The purpose of this note is to bring to light the important but often overlooked figure of Juan Tafalla, to highlight his accomplishments as a collector and to increase precision in botanical nomenclature by giving him due credit by correctly attributing collections.
Day–night and seasonal variations of a subterranean invertebrate community in the twilight zone
Authors: Mammola Stefano , Isaia Marco
Published: September 2018

Being characterized by the absence of light and a reduced environmental cyclicity, the subterranean domain is generally regarded as temporally stable. Yet, in the proximity of cave entrances (twilight zones), patterns of sunlight and darkness can be detected within the 24-hour day–night cycle. In parallel, changes in the abiotic and biotic conditions are expected; however, these patterns have been rarely explored in animal communities dwelling in the twilight zone. We performed a biological investigation in a small abandoned mine in the Western Alps, monitoring it once per season, both during the day and at night. At each survey, we collected data on the spatial distribution of the resident species, their activity patterns, and the main microclimatic parameters. We observed significant daily variations in the environmental conditions during winter and spring, namely higher temperature, relative humidity and availability of trophic resources at night. In conjunction with these disparate nocturnal conditions, the abundance of troglophile species was also higher, as well as the activity patterns of one of the most frequent species inhabiting the entrance area – the orb-weaver spiderMetamenardi. We further documented temporal changes in the composition of the parietal community, due to species using the mine as a diurnal, nocturnal or overwintering shelter. Overall, our results suggest that the communities of the twilight zone are not temporally stable and we highlight the importance of taking into account not only their seasonal, but also their daily variations.
Empidinae (Diptera, Empididae) from Bulgaria with new records and descriptions of three new species
Authors: Kanavalová Liliana , Kubík Štěpán , Barták Miroslav
Published: September 2018

Empis (Leptempis) rhodopensis Bartáksp. n.,HilarabulgaricaBartáksp. n., and Rhamphomyia (Amydroneura) stojanovae Bartáksp. n.are described from Bulgaria. Altogether 32 species of Empididae are first reported from Bulgaria.
Trichopolydesmidae from Cameroon, 1: The genus Hemisphaeroparia Schubart, 1955. With a genus-level reclassification of Afrotropical genera of the family (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)
Authors: Golovatch S. I. , Nzoko Fiemapong A. R. , Tamesse J. L. , Mauriès J.-P. , VandenSpiegel D.
Published: September 2018

In addition to one of the two species of Trichopolydesmidae hitherto recorded from Cameroon,PolydesmusintegratusPorat, 1894, which is revised based on type material and shown to represent the genusHemisphaeropariaSchubart, 1955,comb. n., 12 new species from the same genus are described from that country:H.zamakoesp. n.,H.bangoulapsp. n.,H.spinigersp. n.,H.ongotsp. n.,H.digitifersp. n.,H.parvasp. n.,H.fuscasp. n.,H.bonakandasp. n.,H.bamboutossp. n.,H.subfalcatasp. n.,H.falcatasp. n.andH.mouankosp. n.A key to all 13 species (ofHemisphaeroparia) known to occur in Cameroon is presented, and their distributions are mapped. All ten recognizable (but excluding two dubious) Afrotropical genera or subgenera of Trichopolydesmidae are rediagnosed and reclassified, based both on their type species and a presumed scenario of gonopodal evolution. As a result, the number of accepted genera is reduced to five:SphaeropariaAttems, 1909 (=MegalopariaBrolemann, 1920),PhysetopariaBrolemann, 1920 (=ElgonicolaAttems, 1939,syn. n., =MabocusChamberlin, 1951,syn. n., =HeterosphaeropariaSchubart, 1955,syn. n.},EburodesmusSchubart, 1955,MecistopariaBrolemann, 1926 (=DendrobrachypusVerhoeff, 1941,syn. n.), andHemisphaeroparia.
Ericaphis voegtlini, a new, unusual aphid species from the USA (Hemiptera, Aphididae)
Authors: Barjadze Shalva , Jensen Andrew S. , Kanturski Mariusz
Published: September 2018

Ericaphisvoegtlinisp. n. living on Chamaebatiafoliolosa (Rosaceae) in California is described based on apterous and alate viviparous females. The new species differs from all other species of the genus Ericaphis Börner, 1939 in several important morphological characters including very long and rigid dorsal setae and distinctly swollen siphunculi with clearly visible polygonal reticulation.
Le tourisme, agent d’interculturation sociospatial ? Le cas des pratiques touristiques littorales indonésiennes à Bali et à Java
Authors: Pickel-Chevalier Sylvine , Violier Philippe , Parantika Asep
Published: September 2018

Dans les années 1990 émerge dans la psychologie culturelle une nouvelle interprétation des rapports sociaux à partir du concept d’interculturation, permettant d’analyser des phénomènes interagissants et contradictoires : la transformation des cultures en présence du fait de leurs interactions et leur maintien en raison du désir de chacun de préserver son identité. Cependant les géographes ne se sont pas encore emparés de ce concept lié à la mobilité et aux rencontres in situ . Nous voudrions indiquer dans quelle mesure l’étude des phénomènes touristiques peut favoriser son appropriation par les géographes en analysant les pratiques touristiques littorales indonésiennes à Bali et à Java.
Penser et mesurer les distances de l’interaction sociale dans l’espace de la plage
Authors: Guyonnard Valentin , Vacher Luc
Published: September 2018

Nous proposons de penser la plage à travers une analyse microgéographique des distances de l’interaction qui organisent et définissent cet espace de pratique de tourisme et de loisir. Il s’agira de s’interroger sur les « dimensions cachées » de ces plages du littoral atlantique durant les pics de fréquentation estivaux. La présentation s’organisera en trois temps avec tout d’abord un développement sur les manières d’aborder la fréquentation des plages en géographie et les choix méthodologiques nécessaires à l’analyse microgéographique. L’organisation spatiale de la plage sera ensuite abordée à travers l’examen des distances séparant les cellules de plageurs. La question des distances de la gêne et du confort viendra clore cette réflexion.
Comment les étudiants perçoivent-ils l’intégration d’un serious game dans leur cursus universitaire : une révolution pédagogique ?
Authors: Guiderdoni-Jourdain Karine , Caraguel Valérie
Published: September 2018

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche-intervention portant sur l’intégration d’un serious game (SG) en management de projet dans un cursus universitaire à partir des perceptions des étudiants. Deux points sont traités : la comparaison entre le travail fourni dans un cours traditionnel et celui dans le SG et le rapport avec le corps enseignant. Notre recherche confirme les résultats d’études antérieures et montre que les étudiants perçoivent le travail fourni pendant le SG comme plus actif, leur permettant de sortir des routines de travail. Le sentiment d’une évolution significative du rapport avec le corps enseignant est constaté. Nos travaux montrent que le dispositif pédagogique bi-dimensionnel (en ligne et en présentiel) créé a permis aux étudiants de découvrir la complexité de la matière enseignée.
Les séries télévisées, un support pédagogique impliquant
Authors: Dreyfuss Laurence , Rascol-Boutard Sylvie
Published: September 2018

L’objet de cet article est de proposer un retour réflexif sur une expérience pédagogique envisageant les séries télévisées comme support pour la modélisation de comportements organisationnels. Tout d’abord, nous exposerons et analyserons le type de modélisations qu’est susceptible de porter un tel support. Puis sera proposée une méthode qui, utilisant les séries auprès d’étudiants, leur permet d’appréhender les comportements en organisation. Une expérimentation a montré l’intérêt d’une construction de savoirs, au travers de ce support, s’avérant impliquante et riche pour tous les acteurs qui y ont participé, pédagogues compris.
Le petit commerce de l'indépendance
Authors: Noël Sophie
Published: September 2018

Résumé Partant de l'hypothèse que l'indépendance constitue une ressource symbolique centrale dans la lutte opposant les différents acteurs du marché du livre, cet article s'intéresse aux librairies indépendantes créées depuis le tournant des années 2000, dans un contexte marqué à la fois par la dégradation des conditions économiques de leur activité et par la forte valorisation de leur rôle culturel. Il s'agit de comprendre comment se construit une identité d'acteur culturel indépendant dans un cadre commercial aussi contraignant que celui de la librairie, tout en observant comment cette dernière est concrètement mise en scène, notamment grâce à l'analyse des dispositifs déployés lors de la sélection et de la recommandation des ouvrages, mais aussi lors des moments de médiation (lectures, animations). L'analyse montre que la librairie indépendante opère une synthèse entre des éléments identitaires complexes et parfois contradictoires ­ petit commerçant, artisan, militant de la culture ­ tout en étant porteuse d'une vision du monde social qui s'inscrit dans les mouvements de remise en cause des échanges marchands traditionnels.
Les conditions sociales d'une vocation tardive
Authors: Deslyper Rémi
Published: September 2018

Alors que les travaux sociologiques sur la construction sociale de la vocation se sont surtout concentrés sur l'analyse de vocations qui émergent dès le plus jeune âge, chez des individus qui ont « toujours voulu faire ça », cet article entend prolonger ces réflexions à travers l'étude du cas de la vocation plus tardive des élèves guitaristes des écoles de « musiques actuelles ». Nous montrerons alors que cette vocation tardive peut s'expliquer par l'articulation de cinq facteurs complémentaires que sont la socialisation musicale tardive des enquêtés, la structuration du champ des « musiques populaires contemporaines » et l'organisation de son offre de formation, les caractéristiques socio-démographiques des enquêtés, les circonstances particulières qui leur permettent d'envisager de « se lancer » dans la carrière musicale et enfin, les effets de l'institution de formation.
Universalisme proportionné : vers une « égalité réelle » de la prévention en France ?
Authors: Affeltranger Bastien , Potvin Louise , Ferron Christine , Vandewalle Hélène , Vallée Alexandre
Published: September 2018

Malgré une philosophie ou ambition souvent universalistes, les stratégies et actions de prévention ont fréquemment des effets différenciés, selon les publics ou territoires bénéficiaires. Cette différenciation procède, autant qu’elle l’alimente, d’un gradient (social, territorial…) d’accès et/ou de recours à l’offre de prévention, et d’effectivité de celle-ci. Cette différenciation peut renforcer les inégalités de santé et illustrer un décalage entre les principes des politiques publiques, et la réalité de leur mise en œuvre. Toutefois, l’analyse de la différenciation et la réflexivité des pratiques préventives permettent d’identifier des leviers d’adaptation de l’offre de prévention. La différenciation constitue, en cela, une ressource analytique pour déployer l’universalisme proportionné – principe présenté par Sir Marmot comme levier de réduction des inégalités de santé, mais dont les modalités pratiques ont été, jusqu’à un passé récent, peu détaillées dans la littérature.
À quelle échelle appliquer l’approche universelle proportionnée pour lutter contre les inégalités sociales de santé ? Pour une approche contextualisée des actions de prévention et de promotion de la santé
Authors: Porcherie Marion , Le Bihan-Youinou Blanche , Pommier Jeanine
Published: September 2018

Introduction : La lutte contre les inégalités sociales de santé constitue depuis 2009 l’un des axes fondateurs des politiques conduites par les Agences Régionales de Santé (ARS). Le présent article interroge deux cadres d’analyse mobilisés pour l’étude des actions de prévention et de promotion de la santé. À partir de l’exemple d’un dispositif hospitalier de prévention et de promotion de la santé, il démontre la nécessité de prendre en compte les contextes locaux, régionaux et nationaux dans lesquels s’inscrivent les actions menées afin d’en appréhender la portée sur les inégalités sociales et de santé. Méthodes : Une analyse qualitative de documents de programmation a été utilisée pour mener une analyse descriptive des effets attendus sur les inégalités sociales de santé selon la classification de Diderichsen et al . Le cadre d’application des mesures universelles proportionnées de Carey et al . a été utilisé pour analyser son action sur les inégalités sociales de santé dans une approche contextualisée au regard des politiques régionales et nationales. Résultats : Le dispositif étudié, axé sur des actions ciblées mais ouvert sur le territoire, oscille entre stratégie de rattrapage des écarts et action sur le gradient pour agir sur les inégalités sociales de santé. En revanche, une analyse au prisme de l’approche universelle proportionnée réinterroge l’appréciation des effets d’une intervention sur les inégalités sociales de santé. Discussion : La mise en œuvre d’interventions qui concourent à la réduction des inégalités sociales de santé reste un défi pour les institutions comme les Agences Régionales de Santé. Néanmoins, l’étude d’un dispositif hospitalier de prévention montre une vision contrastée de son effet possible sur le gradient de santé, selon qu’il est considéré de manière isolée ou globale. Cet article plaide pour une analyse contextualisée des dispositifs locaux qui visent la réduction des inégalités sociales de santé.
Un levier innovant de promotion de la santé et de réduction des inégalités sociales de santé
Authors: Anzivino Lucie , Martin de Champs Carole , Colom Pascale , Ollivier Géraldine , Beynel-Melinand Fabienne , Litzistorf Natacha , Regenass Damien
Published: September 2018

Introduction : La ville de Villeurbanne, ville santé OMS, a fait le choix politique de réduire les ISS. Le service santé-environnement à travers son contrat local de santé s’est engagé à la réalisation d’une EIS documentant les liens entre urbanisme et santé. L’attention s’est portée sur un quartier de 6 000 habitants qui fait l’objet d’un plan de rénovation urbaine. Le bouleversement provoqué par cette opération de rénovation doit permettre d’évaluer les impacts potentiels sur la santé des habitants. Quartier montrant une certaine précarité, le taux d’adultes sous traitement antidiabétique est élevé. La médecine scolaire a de plus noté une forte proportion d’enfants en surpoids dans les écoles du quartier, plus important que dans l’ensemble des écoles de la ville. L’objectif de cette EIS est donc d’identifier l’influence potentielle du projet de rénovation sur la mobilité des enfants et d’émettre des recommandations afin de lutter contre leur sédentarité en favorisant la pratique spontanée d’activité physique. Elle doit également servir de levier de promotion de la santé et de réduction des ISS. Méthodes : Les déterminants retenus ont été regroupés sous quatre catégories : environnement extérieur, usages des espaces verts, offres sportives/dispositifs adaptés, voiries. L’évaluation s’est faite à travers l’analyse de documents d’urbanisme, de rapports d’analyses environnementales, d’enquêtes ad hoc , d’entretiens individuels auprès de différents partenaires et acteurs cibles. Une revue bibliographique a permis de confirmer les impacts positifs ou négatifs identifiés des différents aspects du projet sur la santé. Résultats : Même si certains aspects du projet montrent un impact positif sur la santé des habitants, d’autres ont un impact négatif sur la mobilité des enfants, le bien-être et le capital social des habitants. Au final, une trentaine de recommandations ont été co-construites et priorisées en fonction de leur portage politique et de leur faisabilité technico-économique et temporelle. Discussion : L’EIS a créé une dynamique de travail transversale entre des secteurs autres que ceux de la santé et donné l’occasion de sensibiliser et d’informer les acteurs impliqués sur différents concepts et sur leurs rôles pour promouvoir les comportements favorables à la santé. L’EIS, comme levier de promotion de la santé, permet de mettre en œuvre des stratégies qui visent à transformer les conditions de vie à l’origine des inégalités sociales de santé.
Réduire les inégalités subies par une communauté amérindienne au Brésil : le rôle social de l’université
Authors: Ramos da Silva Rios David , Constantina Caputo Maria , Quélier Christine
Published: September 2018

Le but de l’article est de décrire et d’analyser les actions développées par un programme de promotion de la santé mis en œuvre de 2013 à 2014, dans un village de la région de Bahia auprès d’une population amérindienne, les Kiriri. Une des particularités de ce programme est d’avoir été mené dans le cadre d’une des missions des universités au Brésil : l’extension. Il illustre les atouts de cette fonction sociale très ancienne de l’université brésilienne, et montre l’intérêt d’une implication de l’université dans l’action en santé communautaire. Basé sur la méthodologie de la recherche-action, le programme a eu pour objectifs de stimuler la réflexion sur le concept élargi de la santé et de ses déterminants sociaux, développer le lien entre différentes langues et cultures par la mobilisation sociale autour de la promotion de la santé et encourager le respect de la diversité culturelle. Les actions du programme ont généré la production d’une connaissance des conditions de vie de la communauté. Elles ont permis le dialogue entre savoirs scientifiques et savoirs profanes, l’appropriation des politiques publiques existantes par la population, mais aussi l’évolution de la représentation de la santé des habitants, dépassant la vision biomédicale et permettant de prendre pleinement en compte les conditions de vie comme déterminants de la santé.
La littératie en santé, un levier pour des systèmes de soins plus équitables ? Des outils pour armer les professionnels et impliquer les institutions
Authors: Henrard Gilles , Ketterer Frédéric , Giet Didier , Vanmeerbeek Marc , Belche Jean-Luc , Buret Laetitia
Published: September 2018

Cet article rappelle brièvement en quoi de trop faibles niveaux de littératie en santé peuvent être considérés comme un problème de santé publique. Il positionne ensuite le concept de littératie en santé comme possible levier pour amener les systèmes de soins à une meilleure prise en compte des inégalités sociales de santé. Il tente enfin de donner des pistes d’actions concrètes aux travailleurs de terrain, qu’ils soient cliniciens ou responsables de la qualité des soins, en insistant sur l’intérêt d’une approche organisationnelle de la littératie en santé.