bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study on components of fly ash of different locations and its utilization for production of improved quality materials: A Review
Authors: Shrivastava Umakant , Khan Mohammad Ziyauddin , Mishra Vikas
Published: May 2020

During the combustion of coal for energy production an industrial by-product is generated known as Fly Ash, is recognized as a hazardous environmental pollutant. Globally, a lot of considerable research has been undertaken by the researchers and scientists on this subject because of various environmental problems caused by Fly Ash. In recent past it is only being treated as waste and a source of air and water pollution but is in fact a resource material and has also proven its worth over a period of time. The present paper reviews on the potential applications for coal Fly Ash as a eco-friendly raw material: in construction of building materials like bricks and Portland cement, in painting application, application in TL Dosimetries, as a soil amelioration agent in agriculture, in the synthesis of zeolite, in the synthesis of geo-polymers, as an adsorbent for flue gases, as a removal agent for toxic metals, dyes, organic & inorganic compounds from waste water and for the extraction of the metals. Since at different locations the property of Fly Ash varies; thus we required analyzing its variability parameter for utilizing it effectively. Hence, before the utilization of Fly Ash as a eco-friendly resource material, it is necessary to study properties of Fly Ash from different sources, so that it can be used beneficially.

Thus Fly Ash management is a cause of concern for the future. This article attempts to highlight the management of waste Fly Ash to make use of this solid waste, in order to save our environment.
Synthesis and ionic conductivity measurement of a new potassium ion conducting solid polymer electrolytes
Authors: Chandra Angesh , Basak Subhashis , Khan M.Z. , Chandra Archana , Dhundhel R.S. , Bhatt Alok
Published: May 2020

Synthesis and ionic conductivity measurement of a new PEO-based K+ ion conducting solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs): (1-x) PEO: x KCl, where 0≤x≤50 in wt%., are reported. The present SPEs have been prepared by hot-press technique. Ionic conductivity measurements have been carried out with the help of LCR meter. The activation energy of newly synthesized SPE has also been calculated with the help of Arrhenius plot. Materials characterizations have been carried out with the help of DSC analysis. Ionic nature of the present SPE has been explained with the help of ionic transference number (tion) measurement.
Study of Effect of Y substitution on structural, dielectric, impedance and magnetic properties of Bismuth Ferrite
Authors: Thansanga L , Shukla Alok , Kumar Nitin , Choudhary R N P
Published: May 2020

Yttrium substituted Bismuth Ferrite of a composition, Bi(Fe0.95Y0.05)O3 (abbreviated as BFYO5) has been synthesized through a conventional mixed oxide route. The orthorhombic crystal structure and a pure-phase formation of the polycrystalline material was verified through X-ray diffraction pattern. The composition of its constituent elements and their concentration ratio were confirmed by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy technique. Scherrer's equation was used to estimate the average crystallite size of the examined sample specimen and found to be 39 nm. Analysis of the BFYO5 compound's surface morphology was conducted using field emission scanning electron microscope, which clearly shows a densely packed specimen with a homogeneous distribution of various grain dimensions. The interrelationship between frequency and temperature in dielectric, impedance and conductivity parameters with the structure of a sample has also been reported. The impedance spectroscopy analysis shows the nature of negative temperature coefficient of resistance, grain and its boundary effect on the resistive and capacitive features and the presence of non-Debye type of electrical relaxation process in the studied material. The analysis of polarization versus electric field shows the improvement in the value of remnant polarization comparing with the parent compound bismuth ferrite. The substantial enhancement in the magnetization value of the prepared material was also confirmed by its magnetic hysteresis loop study. Based on an important enhancement in the electrical properties, remnant polarization and its magnetic properties, BFYO5 material could be considered as a promising candidate for some of the advance device applications.
Synthesis of blue fluorescent carbon dotsfor sensitive and selective detection of glucose in biological samples
Authors: Sahu Vinayak , Khan Fahmida , Dewangan Pradeep Kumar , Kashyap Komal , Patel Khilawan , Devi Rama , Soni Vipin Kumar , Agrawal Sonalika
Published: May 2020

This Article describes a technique for the preparation of blue fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) showing fluorescence emission at 450nm. CDs were prepared using ultra-sonication technique using citric acid and glycerol as precursors. Since glucose quenches the fluorescence of CDs, depending upon this fact, a fluorescent sensor for glucose determination has been established. Under optimized conditions, linear response in therange of 0.1-100µM was obtained for glucose concentration. Limit of detection is found to be 0.08µM. This method was promisingly used for the glucose determination in serum albumin samples and urine samples from different human beings.
Studies on Reflectance-Temperature characteristics of AlGaN semiconductor at three communication windows
Authors: Mohanty Sakti Prasan , Mishra C. S. , Sahoo S. K. , Palai G.
Published: May 2020

This paper reports the temperature variation of reflectance with respect to AlGaN wave guide structure. Plane wave expansion technique is employed for simulation to exhibit the reflectance pertaining to AlGaN wave guide structure. The simulation results show the approximate linear variation of reflectance with respect to temperature in the aforementioned AlGaN photonic wave guide structure at threecommunication windows (850 nm, 1310 nm, 1550 nm). Such characteristic study yields with accuracy, the realization of temperaturedependence of reflectance.
Influence of silver nanoparticle on Raman and photoluminescence of heat treated Ag-Er codoped tungsten tellurite glasses
Authors: Patidar Sunil , Ansari Ghizal F , Mahajan S K
Published: May 2020

The glasses of composition TeO2-WO3-Li2O-Er2O3 with AgNO3 (TWLEOAG) were prepared by the high-temperature melting method. Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) bands are observed in the range 520-535 nm and 640-650nm of without erbium-doped glass by absorption spectrum. The TEM measurement reveals the presence of spherical AgNPs in this glass. The DSC has also been analyzed for the stability of transition temperature Tg and on set crystallization T0 of this glass system. The Raman spectrum revealed that TWLEOAG glasses were mainly formed by the [TeO4], {TeO3}, [WO4] and [WO6] units and [TeO4] units convert to [TeO3] units with the addition of WO3 and Li2O content into tellurite glasses system. In particular TWLEOAG05 glass samples, heat-treated different time interval system reveal the enhancement in Raman peaks intensity with small shift in due to Ag nanoparticle. Also photoluminescence enhancement of red upconversion compare to green emission of TWLEOAG05 for different annealing duration has been observed under 808nm excitation. In this work optimum 0.5 mol% AgNP in TWEOAG glass would be useful for optical devices.
Fabrication of L-Cysteine functionalized Graphene quantum dots as a fluorescent nanosensing probe for determination of mercury
Authors: Dewangan Pradeep Kumar , Khan Fahmida , Sahu Vinayak , kashyap Komal , Chandra Ch , Patel Khilawan
Published: May 2020

A highly sensitive and selective nanosensing probe for mercury ion is reported. Herein highly luminescent cysteine(cys) functionalized Graphene quantum dots(GQDs) were fabricated through facile one-step pyrolysis method by using ethylene glycol and cysteine. The coating of cysteine not only increases quantum yield to 41% but also enhances selective detection of ppb level of mercury ion in the waste water. The fluorescence intensity of Cys-GQDs was sequentially quenched by different concentrations of mercury ion via forming non-luminescent complexes of Cys-GQDs-Hg(II). HR-TEM study clearly shows a monodisperse Cys-GQDs of sizes 2-5 nm with a spherical shape. Raman spectra of Cys-GQDs display the D and G bands at 1350 cm−1 and 1580 cm−1 respectively. Optimum pH is 8 for mercury detection. The minimum limit for accurate detection of mercury is 0.64 ppb
A review on the effect of processing techniques and functionalization of filler on mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Verma R. , Rathod M.J. , Goyal R.K.
Published: May 2020

Polymer nanocomposites with carbon fillers are widely used for electrical, mechanical and thermal applications due to their excellent intrinsic properties along with their light weight. Carbon fillers with higher aspect ratio have limitations of higher agglomeration and non-uniform distribution in polymer matrix due to high vander Waals forces acting between them and also due to lack of compatibility between polymer and filler. This results in poor properties of the fabricated composites, hence limiting their application. With proper selection of processing method and optimization of processing parameters, mechanical properties of the polymer nanocomposites can be improved. Functionalization of carbon fillercan enhance the compatibility of filler and the polymer matrix, which can further increase the mechanical properties like tensile strength and young’s modulus. This can result in polymer nanocomposites which may have the result in substitution of metals in various applications. This paper reviews about effect of various processing techniques used for dispersion and fabrication of composites and functionalization of filler which can improvemechanical properties of fabricated nanocomposites.
Fabrication and Characterization of Polypyrrole Nanoparticles for Supercapacitor Electrode Materials
Authors: Devi Rama , Patel Khilawan , Sahu Vinayak , Kashyap Komal , Tapadia Kavita , Maharana Tungabidya
Published: May 2020

In the present work Polypyrrole nanoparticles are synthesized by oxidative polymerization method in the presence of aqueous nitric acid(HNO3) as solventandferric chloride (FeCl3) as oxidizing agent. During polymerization process the solvent and oxidizing agents played a crucial role in modifying the nanostructures of polypyrrole (PPy). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed theuniform globule morphology and narrow size distribution of produced PPy particles in acid medium. Combined effect of solvent and oxidant are advantageous for the production of PPy nanoparticles (PPyNPs) with a yield of 90%.Four point probe method and strong UV-Visible band confirmhigh electrical conductivity of PPy due to a large Π-conjugation in the polymer structure. The nature and composition of PPyNPs were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Electrochemical properties were confirmed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galavanostatic charge discharge (GCD) spectrum.CV and GCD spectra illustrate the excellent electrochemical properties of PPyNPs which show higher specific capacitance of 398F g−1 at 100mAg−1 current density.It has wide applications in electronic and electrochromic devices, sensors, membrane separation,corrosion protection, chromatographic stationary phase, rechargeable batteries, drug delivery,supercapacitors,light-weight batteries and microwave shielding etc.
The influence of transport vibrations on the condition of Russian cultural heritage objects
Authors: Dyachkova I , Skachkova M , Kovyazin V
Published: May 2020

This article is devoted to the negative impact of transport vibrations on the condition of historical and cultural monuments. The causes of the occurrence of transport fluctuations and the consequences of their impact were considered. The authors proposed a classification of the negative impact of transport on monuments, ways to reduce of the negative impact were given, as well as the regions of Russian Federation that are the most susceptible to such impact were analyzed.
Improvement of timber industry logistics using information systems
Authors: Medvedev S , Mokhirev A , Rjabova T
Published: May 2020

The article deals with the problems of using software to solve the problems of timber logistics. Tools for information processing and analysis are proposed. The possibilities of using software products to optimize the activities of enterprises of the forest industry are shown. Further directions on the use of modern information technologies in timber industry logistics are revealed.
Procedural framework of the resources cost effective use of cutting works technologies
Authors: Mushkarova O , Mikheeva M , Chepic F , Vasiliev S
Published: May 2020

With a variety of technologies for the cutting works, the choice of them should be determined by a combination of various factors that allow us to estimate the possible level of resource savings at each stage of such work. At the moment, the ecological effect extended for a certain period of time cannot be calculated precisely. It must be taken into account when evaluating the economic effect of resource savings at the enterprises of the timber complex. Using the structural-logical diagram of methodological approaches in order to establish factors and indicators of the resource-saving effect, a system analysis is carried out, which allows us to draw up an algorithm for generating an estimate of the resource-saving effect of various cutting works.
Antioxidant extraction based on black rice (Oryza Sativa L. Indica) to prevent free radical
Authors: Hetharia Gabriela E , Briliannita Anjar , Astuti Mary , Marsono Y
Published: May 2020

Free radicals are molecules that in their outer orbit have one or more unpaired electrons; they are very labile and very reactive. These molecules have an important role in tissue damage and pathological processes in living organisms. Antioxidants are compounds that can inhibit oxidation reactions by binding free radicals. The antioxidants produced by the human body are very limited, so we need the intake of antioxidants from outside, especially those from food. Research on antioxidant extraction based on black rice (Oryza Sativa L.Indica) to prevent free radicals has been carried out. This research was conducted using the DPPH method to measure the ability to capture free radicals and FRAP methods to measure antioxidant capacity. This study aimed to obtain data on the level of antioxidant activity contained in black rice and its effect to counteract free radicals. The result showed that the ability to capture free radicals contained 25ppm DPPH anthocyanin extract could inhibit 55,00%. While using the FRAP method, the results of black rice anthocyanin extract have a high antioxidant capacity of 824 ± 17.24 μM. It is evident that the DPPH method used to show in anti-oxidant extracts based on black rice can capture free radicals, while the FRAP method proves that antioxidants in black rice have the capacity to prevent free radicals in the body.
An improved synthesis of 1-monoolein
Authors: Nitbani F O , Jumina  , Siswanta D , Sholikhah E N , Nurohmah B A
Published: May 2020

The synthesis of 1-monoolein has been carried out through a two-step reaction: transesterification of ethyl oleate and 1,2-acetonide glycerol in the presence of sodium carbonate as a catalyst, and followed by deprotection using an Amberlyst-15 catalyst in ethanol. The transesterification reaction of ethyl oleate could produce 1,2-acetonide-3-oleoyl glycerol as a yellow liquid with a yield of 74%. Meanwhile, the deprotection of the intermediate compound could afford 1-monoolein as an unstable white soft solid in a yield of 59% and melting point at 35-37 °C.
Effect of garlic extract (Allium sativum) administration of the total cholesterol level for white rats (Rattus novergicus) with hypercholesterol
Authors: Listyawati Nurina Rr. , Hewen Wilhelmina , Nyoman Sasputra I , Liana Debora Shinta , Amat Anita Lidesna Shinta
Published: May 2020

Hypercholesterolemia is one of the non-contagious diseases which is the main cause of death globally. Accumulation of excessive cholesterol or hypercholesterolemia will be atherosclerosis which causes strokes and cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease. Garlic has an active agent allicin which an alkaloid compound that was contained in garlic, can be used to reduce cholesterol levels, in addition: vitamin C and niacin. Knowing that effect of garlic extract (Allium sativum) to decrease cholesterol total levels in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) which are deliberately hypercholesterol.Experimental research through Pre test-post test with control group design approaching in laboratory. Research sample was 25 white rats selected randomly and divided into 5 groups are normal control group and treatment group. Data analysis by One Way ANOVA showed that total cholesterol levels on the 32, 33, 37 and 42 days was significance value of p <0.05, its means the statistical test showed that given the garlic extract (Allium sativum) can reduce total cholesterol levels in white rats with hypercholesterolemia. There is the effect of garlic extract (Allium sativum) on decreasing cholesterol total levels in white rats (Rattus novergicus) with hypercholesterol and a significant value (p <0.05).
Synthesis of mercaptoethyl ester of palm fatty acid distillate: Effects of dehydration methods
Authors: Dewa Gede Arsa Putrawan I , Rahim Dicka Ar , Sitompul Andri Patuan Anggi , Wakana Salma Rifasari
Published: May 2020

This research was aimed to evaluate the synthesis of mercaptoethyl ester of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) where water as a byproduct was removed by using vacuum distillation and azeotropic distillation. The reactions were done in a batch reactor using para-toluene sulfonic acid (pTSA) as a catalyst. The performances of the synthesis were evaluated by measuring the sulfhydryl content and yield of the product. Compared to dehydration by vacuum distillation, dehydration by azeotropic distillation gave lower sulfhydryl content and yield but faster reaction completion. Azeotropic distillation gave sulfhydryl content and yield in the range of 6–7% and 57–74%, respectively. Vacuum distillation gave sulfhydryl content and yield in the range of 7–9% and 75–85%, respectively.
Identification of biomordant in Hundihopo Village, East Rote District, Rote Ndao Regency
Authors: Bako N A , Sabuna A C , Daud Y
Published: May 2020

Information of plant species, mordants, and the mordanting process of the yarn of ikat weaving in Hundihopo village are still minimal and not well documented. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify biomordant in Hundihopo Village. Samples were collected by exploration methods. Parts of plants, mordanting process, and kinds of color were recorded based on observation, interview with craftsmen and documentation. A total of 12 species were traditionally used as biomordants in Hundihopo village namely Sterculia foetida L., Erythrina varegata, Areca catechu L., Ceriops tagal, Datura metel, Calotropis gigantea, Abrus precatorius L., Symplocos sp., Jatropha curcas L., Citrus aurantifolia, beura and faliti. The plant organs used as a source of mordant are leaves, barks, fruits, and seeds. The method of processing was to be burned, crushed, boiled and soaked and the resulted color was red, black and yellow.
Central composite design based statistical modelling of curcuminoids extraction from Curcuma zedoaria using choline chloride based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES)
Authors: Rachmaniah O , Istiqomah  , Fakhrinanda  , Rachimoellah M
Published: May 2020

Ionic type of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) consisted of choline chloride and organic acids, i.e., choline chloride-malic acid (CCMA) and choline chloride-citric acid (CCCA), known as the most suitable liquefied solvent for curcuminoids extraction from Curcuma zedoaria. A laboratory-scale extraction of curcuminoids from C. zedoaria successfully conducted; indicated that solvent per feed ratio (S/F) and extraction time are the two important variables for yielding a high extraction rate of curcuminoids. Therefore, a central composite based design is used to optimize the extraction parameters such as S/F (3/10, 5/10, 7/10), time extraction (18, 20, and 22 h), and stirring speed (200, 250, and 300 rpm) at 500 mL capacity. Stirring speed is the most influential parameter among the studied parameters. However, due to the low bulk density of C. zedoaria powder, a homogenous mixture of C. zedoaria in the extraction tank was barely achieved; hence a low yield of curcuminoids is obtained.
Surface cover method to reduce evaporation rate of crude oil
Authors: Veronico  , Kristin Livia , Hartanto Yansen , Indarto Antonius
Published: May 2020

One of the problems that commonly found in petroleum industry is related to the evaporation of crude oil during storage. Hence the purpose of this study is to find lower-cost method to reduce crude oil evaporation. The method has the same principle as floating roof tank, but instead of surface covered by metal, low-density chemical substances, i.e., polyurethane foam and ethylene vinyl acetate foam (EVA mat), was used to cover the surface of crude oil. In comparison with EVA mat, polyurethane foam gave lower percentage of reduced crude oil evaporation. Increasing the thickness of the additive to 3 cm was found to be the best parameter to reduce the evaporation of crude oil. At temperatures of 40, 45, and 50°C, 3 cm thickness of polyurethane foam was able to reduce the evaporation of crude oil by 81.6 - 91.7%, 75.9 - 87.3%, and 74.2% - 86.6%, respectively. At temperatures of 40, 45, and 50°C, 3 cm thickness of EVA mat can reduce the evaporation of crude oil by 68.6 - 78.1%, 56.8 - 60.9%, and 42.4 - 49.6%, respectively.
Quality of eggs from fermented dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) flour fed Isa Brown
Authors: Dewi Gusti Ayu Mayani Kristina , Wirapartha Made , Wiyana I K. A. , Suartiningsih N.P. M.
Published: May 2020

The objective of this study was to study the quality of eggs coming from Isa Brown chickens nourished with fermented dragon fruit peel (Hylozereus polyrhizus) dietary for 4 weeks. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments for 5 replications in which each consisted of 10 chickens; so that the total number of chickens was 150 heads aged 85 weeks. The given treatments were R0: feed without fermented dragon fruit peel flour +1% Calcium. Calcium in their diet. Variable observed: egg production, egg weight, exterior and interior eggshell weight, egg thickness, HU. The results showed that treatment of R0, R1, and R2 are not significantly different (P>0.05) for yolk colors, pH, Index but % egg production, egg weight, HU, egg thickness R1 and R2 is significantly different (P>0.05) than R0. Conclude this research that quality of egg Isa Brown gave ration fermentation four skin dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) 5% (R1) and with fermentation dragon fruit peel flour + 1% Calcium (R2) increase the egg production, egg weight, HU, egg thickness.
Kapok fibre as potential oil-absorbing material: Modification mechanism and performance evaluation
Authors: Lugito Graecia , Kustiana Arip , Martuani Reyhant , Wenten I G
Published: May 2020

Kapok fibre has gained considerable attention as a potential oil-absorbing material due to its lipophilicity, hydrophobicity, and configuration of its central lumen which is the key component of its high oil absorption capacity. However, the weak structural integrity of the fibre greatly retards its application. This study aims to develop a reinforcement method for kapok (Ceiba pentandra) fibre to enhance its reusability and oil recovery. Oil-sorption capacities of several modified kapok fibres have been evaluated to resolve the oil-polluted water issues. Oxidation using sodium chlorite (NaClO2) followed by sol-gel coating with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and sponge formation via freeze-drying method successfully enhance the structural integrity of the fibre without significantly reduce its hydrophobicity. Further coating the sponge with dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS) using the chemical vapor disposition method results in superhydrophobic fibre. The best performance achieves an oil-sorption capacity of 48.6 g-oil/g-fibre and can maintain 62.6% of its oil-sorption capacity even after ten reuse cycles.
Secondary metabolites of some varieties of Caulerpa species
Authors: Kase Alfred G.O. , Calumpong Hilconida , Rupidara Angreini
Published: May 2020

Several species of Caulerpa have been investigated and bioactive principles, such as caulerpin and caulerpicine have been isolated from a number of them. Caulerpin produces mild anesthetic action, difficulty in breathing, sedation, and loss of balance. The toxic syndrome has been reported to be somewhat similar to that produced by ciguatera fish poisoning. The neurotrophic activity of caulerpicine is thought to be of clinical value. Tropical green algae and a few of their temperate relatives have yielded a number of bioactive metabolites and some of these are believed to be used by the algae as a chemical defense against herbivorous animals. This research was aimed to determine the secondary metabolites compound of some varieties of Caulerpa species. Chromatography and Spectrophotometric methods were used to conduct this research. The result shows that Caulerpin and caulerpicin presence on five species of Caulerpa species Caulerpa racemosa Siquijor, Caulerpa lentillifera wild and farm from Mactan, Caulerpa clavifera Mactan and Caulerpa lentillifera cultured in the common garden. Higher absorbance of both compounds caulerpin and caulerpicin found in wild Caulerpa lentillifera from Mactan while the lowest absorbance of caulerpin found in Caulerpa racemosa collected from Siquijor, whereas the lowest absorbance of caulerpicin found in the cultured Caulerpa lentillifera in the common garden.
Innovative utilization of waste chocolate condensate as cocoa powder
Authors: Handojo Lienda , Witono Judy Retti B. , Sulaiman Irene Natasya , Sardenianto  , Indarto Antonius
Published: May 2020

The chocolate condensate, a side product of the roasting process in chocolate production, contains mostly volatiles and liquid chemical compounds similar to the cocoa beans. Currently, it is only considered as waste, although some valuable chemicals could be obtained by extraction. This study purposes of extracting valuables chemicals, such as pyrazine that has a strong aroma to chocolate, from chocolate condensate using three different solvents, i.e., n-hexane, toluene, and ethanol. Later, cocoa powder production from chocolate condensate was developed comparing two different drying methods (spray dryer and tray dryer) and analyzed using FTNIR, FTIR, and GC-MS.
Conceptual design on the integrated CO2 mineralization process with a sugar plant
Authors: Murnandari A. , Victor P. , Sitompul J.P.
Published: May 2020

Sustainable development goals have set challenges to be achieved in the next ten years. All the stakeholders, including industries, have been forced to take serious action in preserving the environment. Therefore, recycle of waste into energy and valuable chemicals has become attention in industries throughout the world. This paper focused on the integrated-waste utilization in a sugar industry by capturing the CO2 from the boiler and absorbing it into the mineral solution extracted from filter cake (mud) for producing mineral carbonates with the capacity of 3000 tonnes sugarcane per day. The mud first undergoes the extraction using Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl) to extract the minerals. The alkali extracted from the mud then will be converted into Calcium Carbonate and Magnesium Carbonate via mineralization. Simulation using Aspen® plus was carried out using stoichiometric (RStoic
) and yield (RYield
) reactor block to find out the heat duty, the thermodynamic feasibility, and the yield distribution. CaCO3 was produced from both methods with the yield of RStoic
and RYield
0.718 and 0.676 mol CaCO3/mol CaO, respectively. Based on the capacity of 3000 tonnes sugarcane per day, the process could produce the desired CaCO3, approximately 210 kg/hr. The CO2 to mineralize 1 tonne of filter cake was 74.2 kg CO2, while the heat duty is 76.3 kWh for 2.8 tonnes filter cake/hr. The conceptual design is thermodynamically favorable and would be potential to be applied in sugar mills.
FeCl3 coagulant production from waste pickle liquor using electrolysis
Authors: Adhi T P , Raksajati A , Nugroho A A , Sitanggang P Y
Published: May 2020

Pickling is a typical method used in a cold milling plant to remove impurities from hot rolled coil by immersing the coil in strong acidic solution. The spent acidic solution or waste pickle liquor (WPL) requires certain waste treatment before it can be disposed to environment because of its metallic ion and acid content. WPL contains a number of metallic ions that can be utilized as ferric chloride coagulant. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the kinetics of Fe2+ oxidation into FeCl3 and the performance of the ferric chloride coagulant using the proposed electrolysis configuration. The electrolysis process was conducted in ambient condition with voltage 3 & 6 V, electrolysis time of 120 minutes, and addition of excess NaCl or HCl. The result shows that metal impurities in WPL and excess chlorine do not significantly affect the Fe2+ conversion. It can also be concluded that the optimum condition for electrolysis is using 6V of voltage, 90 minutes of electrolysis time, and excess chlorine at 0% stoichiometry which gave 60% conversion of Fe2+ in WPL. Due to the equilibrium between the Fe2+ dan Fe3+ which is formed during electrolysis process, the full conversion of Fe2+ is not possible yet, and the maximum conversion of Fe2+ is 60%. The presence of impurities in WPL is proven not affecting the Fe2+ conversion during the electrolysis process.
Cooperation of future automated machinery specialists in informational context as a means of communication during vocational training process
Authors: Saigushev N Y , Vedeneeva O A , Melekhova Yu B , Tsaran A A
Published: May 2020

The article proves the significance of the issue of academic interaction and cybersecurity in information society. Subject-to-subject relations are examined as a form of relationship humanization when using computer technologies during the vocational training of future automated machinery specialists, which results in their personal advancement and transformation. It is necessary to take into account that in the context of social development over the last years we all witness the aggravating problem with the security of computers, mobile phones and other different devices representing items that are most often subjected to the attack. In order to resist the new kind of attacks effectively every member of information society must possess a certain minimum level of knowledge, be familiar with the respective “cybersecurity culture” and willing to participate in the active struggle for the freedom of information and communication technologies from various cyber fraudsters, criminals, etc.
Filtering in discrete systems with multiplicative perturbations and unknown input
Authors: Kim K S , Smagin V I
Published: May 2020

The problem of filter synthesis for discrete systems with multiplicative perturbations and an unknown input is considered. The problem is solved on the basis of the separation principle using optimal recurrent filtering, the least squares method and smoothing procedures.
Preparation and characterization of N-doped TiO2/C composite
Authors: Leng Senlin , Ran Yaozong , Yang Yingchang
Published: May 2020

In this work, the N-doped TiO2/C composite is successfully prepared using electrospinning technique. TEM, XPS and Raman techniques are used to characterize the morphologies and microstructure of the as-fabricated composite, confirming that the incorporation of N into TiO2/C can not only reduce the d-spacing of TiO2 nanocrystals, but also can transform it into another TiO2 crystal form. Furthermore, amorphous carbon in this composite can be transferred to graphite under the effect of TiO2 during calcination processes. The N-doped TiO2/C sample with variable pore sizes exhibit the largest specific surface area, and the crystal forms of TiO2 are close related to the value of specific surface area and the pore sizes.
The Grothendieck group of unipotent representations: A new basis
Authors: Lusztig G.
Published: May 2020

Let

G
(

F
q

)

G(F_q)

be the group of rational points of a simple algebraic group defined and split over a finite field

F
q

F_q

. In this paper we define a new basis for the Grothendieck group of unipotent representations of

G
(

F
q

)

G(F_q)

.
Second order deformations of group commuting squares and Hadamard matrices
Authors: Nicoara Remus , White Joseph
Published: May 2020

In [Indiana Univ. Math. J. 60 (2011), pp. 847–857] the first author introduced second order necessary conditions for a commuting square to admit sequential deformations in the moduli space of non-isomorphic commuting squares. In this paper we investigate these conditions for commuting squares

C

G

\mathfrak {C}_G

constructed from finite groups

G
G

. We are especially interested in the case

G
=

Z

n

G=\mathbb {Z}_n

, since deformations of

C

Z

n

\mathfrak {C}_{\mathbb {Z}_n}

correspond to deformations of the Fourier matrix

F
n

F_n

in the moduli space of non-equivalent complex Hadamard matrices. We show that for

G
=

Z

n

G=\mathbb {Z}_n

the second order conditions follow automatically from the first order conditions, but this is not necessarily true for other finite abelian groups

G
G

. Our result gives a complete description of the second order deformations of the Fourier matrix

F
n

F_n

in the moduli space of non-equivalent complex Hadamard matrices.
𝜔-categorical structures avoiding height 1 identities
Authors: Bodirsky Manuel , Mottet Antoine , Olšák Miroslav , Opršal Jakub , Pinsker Michael , Willard Ross
Published: May 2020

The algebraic dichotomy conjecture for Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) of reducts of (infinite) finitely bounded homogeneous structures states that such CSPs are polynomial-time tractable if the model-complete core of the template has a pseudo-Siggers polymorphism, and is NP-complete otherwise.

One of the important questions related to the dichotomy conjecture is whether, similarly to the case of finite structures, the condition of having a pseudo-Siggers polymorphism can be replaced by the condition of having polymorphisms satisfying a fixed set of identities of height 1, i.e., identities which do not contain any nesting of functional symbols. We provide a negative answer to this question by constructing for each nontrivial set of height 1 identities a structure within the range of the conjecture whose polymorphisms do not satisfy these identities, but whose CSP is tractable nevertheless.

An equivalent formulation of the dichotomy conjecture characterizes tractability of the CSP via the local satisfaction of nontrivial height 1 identities by polymorphisms of the structure. We show that local satisfaction and global satisfaction of nontrivial height 1 identities differ for

ω
\omega

-categorical structures with less than doubly exponential orbit growth, thereby resolving one of the main open problems in the algebraic theory of such structures.
Convalescent plasma transfusion a promising therapy for coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19): current updates
Authors: Verma Henu Kumar , Farran Batoul , Bhaskar Lakkakula V K S
Published: May 2020

While there is no proven treatment available for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), convalescent plasma (CP) may provide therapeutic relief as the number of cases escalate steeply world-wide. At the time of writing this review, vaccines, monoclonal antibodies or drugs are still lacking for the recent large COVID-19 outbreak, which restores the interest in CP as an empirical life-saving treatment. However, formal proof of efficacy is needed. The purpose of this review is to summarize all historical clinical trials on COVID-19 infected patients treated with CP to provide precise evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of CP therapy in severe COVID-19 patients. Although there are many clinical trials in progress, high-quality clinical evidence is still lacking to analyze the existing problems. Meanwhile, based on the previous successful outcomes, we recommend healthcare systems to use CP therapy cautiously in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Models to Assess the Association of a Semiquantitative Exposure With Outcomes
Authors: Lachin John M , Bebu Ionut , Braffett Barbara
Published: May 2020

A semiquantitative risk factor has 2 components: any exposure (yes/no) and the quantitative amount of exposure (if exposed). We describe the statistical properties of alternative analyses with such a risk factor using linear, logistic, or Cox proportional hazards models. Often analyses employ the amount exposed as a single quantitative covariate, including the nonexposed with value zero. However, this analysis provides a biased estimate of the exposure coefficient (slope) and we describe the magnitude of the bias. This bias can be eliminated by adding a binary covariate for exposed versus not to the model. This 2-factor analysis captures the full risk-factor effect on the outcome. However, the coefficient for any exposure versus not does not have a meaningful interpretation. Alternatively, when exposure values among those exposed are centered (by subtracting the mean), the estimate of this coefficient represents the difference in the outcome between those exposed versus not in aggregate. We also show that the biased model provides biased estimates of the coefficients for other covariates added to the model. Proper analysis of a semiquantitative risk factor should start with a 2-factor model, with centering, to assess the joint contributions of the 2 components of the risk-factor exposure. Properties of models were illustrated using data from a multisite study in North America (1983–2019).
A Prospective Cohort Study to Evaluate the Impact of Diet, Exercise, and Lifestyle on Fertility: Design and Baseline Characteristics
Authors: Mumford Sunni L , Johnstone Erica , Kim Keewan , Ahmad Mudsar , Salmon Shanna , Summers Karen , Chaney Kayla , Ryan Ginny , Hotaling James M , Purdue-Smithe Alexandra C , Chen Zhen , Clemons Traci
Published: May 2020

Diet, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors might influence fertility for men and women, although evidence is mixed, and couple-based approaches are needed for assessing associations with reproductive outcomes. The Impact of Diet, Exercise, and Lifestyle (IDEAL) on Fertility Study is a prospective cohort with contemporaneous detailed follow-up of female partners of men enrolled in the Folic Acid and Zinc Supplementation Trial studying couples seeking infertility treatment (2016–2019). Follow-up of men continued for 6 months, while female partners were followed for 9 months while attempting pregnancy and throughout any resulting pregnancy (up to 18 months). Longitudinal data on diet, physical activity (including measurement via wearable device), sleep, and stress were captured at multiple study visits during this follow-up. A subset of women (IDEALplus) also completed daily journals and a body fat assessment via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. IDEAL enrolled 920 women, and IDEALPlus enrolled 218. We demonstrated the ability to enroll women in a prospective cohort study contemporaneous to a partner-enrolled randomized trial. In combination with data collected on male partners, IDEAL data facilitates a couple-based approach to understanding associations between lifestyle factors and infertility treatment outcomes. We describe in detail the study design, recruitment, data collection, lessons learned, and baseline characteristics.
Progressive Memory Circuit Impairments along with Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropathology Spread: Evidence from in vivo Neuroimaging
Authors: Li Kaicheng , Wang Shuyue , Luo Xiao , Zeng Qingze , Jiaerken Yerfan , Xu Xiaopei , Wang Chao , Liu Xiaocao , Li Zheyu , Zhao Shuai , Zhang Tianyi , Fu Yanv , Chen Yanxing , Liu Zhirong , Zhou Jiong , Huang Peiyu , Zhang Minming
Published: May 2020

During the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), neuropathology may propagate transneuronally, cause disruption in memory circuit, and lead to memory impairment. However, there is a lack of in vivo evidence regarding this process. Thus, we aim to simulate and observe the progression of neuropathology in AD continuum. We included cognitively normal (CN), mild cognitive impairments (MCI), and AD subjects, and further classified them using the A/T/N scheme (Group 0: CN, A − T−; Group 1: CN, A + T−; Group 2: CN, A + T+; Group 3: MCI, A + T+; Group 4: AD, A + T+). We investigated alterations of three core memory circuit structures: hippocampus (HP) subfields volume, cingulum-angular bundles (CAB) fiber integrity, and precuneus cortex volume. HP subfields volume showed the trend of initially increased and then decreased (starting from Group 2), while precuneus volume decreased in Groups 3 and 4. The CAB integrity degenerated in Groups 3 and 4 and aggravated with higher disease stages. Further, memory circuit impairments were correlated with neuropathology biomarkers and memory performance. Conclusively, our results demonstrated a pattern of memory circuit impairments along with AD progression: starting from the HP, then propagating to the downstream projection fiber tract and cortex. These findings support the tau propagation theory to some extent.
The Gnosis of Toni Morrison: Morrison’s Conversation with Herman Melville, with a Nod to Umberto Eco
Authors: Tally Justine
Published: May 2020

Long before Toni Morrison was extensively recognized as a serious contender in the “Global Market of Intellectuals,” she was obviously reading and absorbing challenging critical work that was considered “provocative and controversial” by the keepers of the US academic community at the time. While no one disputes the influence of Elaine Pagels’ work on Gnosticism at the University of Princeton, particularly its importance for Jazz and Paradise, the second and third novels of the Morrison trilogy, Gnosticism in Beloved has not been so carefully considered. Yet this keen interest in Gnosticism coupled with the author’s systematic study of authors from the mid-19th-century American Renaissance inevitably led her to deal with the fascination of Renaissance authors with Egypt (where the Nag Hammadi manuscripts were rediscovered), its ancient civilization, and its mythology. The extensive analysis of a leading French literary critic of Herman Melville, Prof. Viola Sachs, becomes the inspiration for a startlingly different reading of Morrison’s seminal novel, one that positions this author in a direct dialogue with the premises of Melville’s masterpiece, Moby-Dick, also drawing on the importance of Gnosticism for Umberto Eco’s 1980 international best-seller, The Name of the Rose.
Tariffs and industrialization in late nineteenth century America: the role of scale economies
Authors: Yoon Yeo Joon
Published: May 2020

I construct a general equilibrium model with economies of scale and learning-by-doing in manufacturing to quantify the effects of tariff that the US imposed on its manufacturing imports from 1870 to 1913. I find that the tariff positively contributes to US manufacturing growth, but the magnitudes are small. I also show that the cumulative welfare effect of the tariff is positive if there exists enough degree of learning-by-doing, a result contrary to the conventional wisdom that tariffs have welfare-deteriorating effects. The welfare-enhancing effect of the tariff disappears when I use a similarly constructed model, but with constant returns to scale in manufacturing. The result suggests that the assumption about technology is important for the welfare implication of the tariff.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Associations of Polypharmacy and Potentially Inappropriate Medication With Adverse Outcomes in Older Cancer Patients
Authors: Chen Li-Ju , Trares Kira , Laetsch Dana Clarissa , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Mai , Brenner Hermann , Schöttker Ben
Published: May 2020

Background

Both polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) intake are highly prevailing in older cancer patients. However, only studies on the association of polypharmacy and postoperative complications have been meta-analyzed previously.

Methods

A systematic review and a meta-analysis of prospective/retrospective observational studies reporting associations of polypharmacy or PIM with at least one out of five predefined adverse health outcomes in a population of older cancer patients (≥60 years) were carried out. PubMed and Web of Science were used to search for relevant studies published between January 1991 and March 2020. Data were pooled by adopting a random-effects model.

Results

Overall, 42 publications were included in the systematic review. Meta-analyses could be performed on 39 studies about polypharmacy and 13 studies about PIM. Polypharmacy was found to be statistically significantly associated with all-cause mortality (risk ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.37 [1.25–1.50]), hospitalization (1.53 [1.37–1.71]), treatment-related toxicity (1.22 [1.01–1.47]), and postoperative complications (1.73 [1.36–2.20]). The association of polypharmacy with prolongation of hospitalization was not statistically significant at the p < .05 significance level (1.62 [0.98–2.66]). With respect to PIM, a statistically significant association with all-cause mortality (1.43 [1.08–1.88]) was observed but not with other adverse outcomes.

Conclusions

Polypharmacy was found to be associated with several adverse outcomes and PIM use with all-cause mortality in older cancer patients. However, these results should be interpreted with caution because about three-quarters of the studies identified did not adjust for comorbidity and are prone to confounding by indication.
Aging-Related Increase of cGMP Disrupts Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Leydig Cells
Authors: Sokanovic Srdjan J , Baburski Aleksandar Z , Kojic Zvezdana , Medar Marija L J , Andric Silvana A , Kostic Tatjana S
Published: May 2020

Since mitochondria play an essential role in the testosterone biosynthesis, serve as power centers and are a source of oxidative stress, a possible mitochondrial dysfunction could be connected with decreased activity of Leydig cells and lowered testosterone production during aging. Here we chronologically analyzed age-related alterations of mitochondrial function in Leydig cells correlated by the progressive rise of cGMP signaling and with respect to testosterone synthesis. To target cGMP signaling in Leydig cells, acute or long-term in vivo or ex vivo treatments with sildenafil (phosphodiesterase 5 [PDE5] inhibitor) were performed. Aging-related accumulation of cGMP in the Leydig cells is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction illustrated by reduced ATP and steroid production, lowered O2 consumption, increased mitochondrial abundance and mtDNA copies number, decreased expression of genes that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis (Ppargc1a/PGC1a-Tfam-Nrf1/NRF1), mitophagy (Pink1), fusion (Mfn1, Opa1), and increased Nrf2/NRF2. Acute in vivo PDE5 inhibition overaccumulated cGMP and stimulated testosterone but reduced ATP production in Leydig cells from adult, middle-aged, and old rats. The increased ATP/O ratio observed in cells from old compared to adult rats was diminished after stimulation of cGMP signaling. Opposite, long-term PDE5 inhibition decreased cGMP signaling and improved mitochondrial function/dynamics in Leydig cells from old rats. Mitochondrial abundance in Leydig cells decreased while ATP levels increased. Chronic treatment elevated Tfam, Nrf1, Nrf2, Opa1, Mfn1, Drp1, and normalized Pink1 expression. Altogether, long-term PDE5 inhibition prevented age-related NO and cGMP elevation, improved mitochondrial dynamics/function, and testosterone production. The results pointed on cGMP signaling in Leydig cells as a target for pharmacological manipulation of aging-associated changes in mitochondrial function and testosterone production.