bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OUTDOOR LEARNING ACTIVITY IN TEACHING STUDENTS’ DESCRIPTIVE WRITING SKILLS
Authors: Hadi Muhamad Sofian , Mutiarani Mutiarani , Herlina Sri
Published: May 2021

This study aims to find out the effectiveness of the outdoor learning method to improve students' writing skills at senior high schools. The concept of the outdoor learning method in this study adopts collaborative writing learning activities. The learning activities are carried out outside writing classes. The research method is a quantitative method with a Pre-Experimental design using pre-test and post-test design. The instrument in collecting the data uses writing tests. The researcher only used one class of ninth-graders of SMP IT HARAPAN. The sampling technique used was random cluster sampling in which the 9th-grade students as the population participated as the sample. The data were analyzed statistically using a t-test. Based on the analysis results, the average value obtained in the pre-test was 42,22, and the post-test was 76,60. Meanwhile, the score of the t-test was 37,27, and the t-table was 1,706 with a significant 5% (0.05). It means the score of the t-test was greater than the t-table. So, the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted, and the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. It can be concluded that Outdoor learning activities can facilitate students to improve their writing skills.
USE OF MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR THE FORECAST OF STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Акмеше Омер Фарук , Кьор Хакан , Ербей Хасан
Published: May 2021

The machine learning method, which is a sub-branch of artificial intelligence and which makes predictions with mathematical and statistical operations, is used frequently in education as in every field of life. Nowadays, it is seen that millions of data are recorded continuously, and a large amount of data accumulation has occurred. Although data accumulation increases exponentially, the number of analysts and their capabilities to process these data are insufficient. Although we live in the information age, it is more accurate to say that we live in the data age. By using stored and accumulated data, it is becoming increasingly essential to reveal meaningful relationships and trends and to make predictions for the future. It is important to analyze the data obtained from the education process and to evaluate the success of the students and the factors affecting success. These analyses may also contribute to future training activities. In this study, a data set, including socio-demographic variables of students enrolled in distance education at Hitit University, was used. The authors estimated the success of the students with demographic and social variables such as age, gender, city, family income, family education level. The primary purpose is to provide students with information about their estimated academic achievement at the beginning of the process. Thus, at the beginning of the education process, students' success can be increased by informing the students who are predicted to be unsuccessful. Diversification and enhancement of this data may also support other decision-making mechanisms in the training process. Additionally, the factors affecting students’ academic success were researched, and the students' educational outcomes were evaluated. Prediction success was compared using various machine learning algorithms. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the Random Forest algorithm was more predictive of student achievement than others.
Alterações no perfil redox de portadores de esclerose múltipla
Authors: Goulart Jessica dos Santos , Cunha Aime , Dias Thayna Oliveira , Alegransi Caroline , Ribeiro Gabrielly Machado , Rodrigues Érika Emanuele Costa , Parisi Mariana Migliorini , Peranzoni Vaneza Cauduro , Cattaneo Roberta
Published: May 2021

A esclerose múltipla é uma doença neurodegenerativa, crônica e autoimune que atinge o sistema nervoso central, caracterizada pela desmielinização de neurônios impedindo que os impulsos nervosos cheguem até as áreas pretendidas. O estresse oxidativo trata-se de um desequílibrio entre o sistema de defesa antioxidante e as espécies reativas presentes no organismo. Ambos encontram-se relacionados de alguma maneira que todavia não é elucidada. Visto isto, objetivou-se avaliar o perfil redox de portadores de esclerose múltipla realizando uma comparação com indivíduos saudáveis. Este estudo foi aceito pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade de Cruz Alta sob parecer de nº: 3.531.405. Participaram do estudo 10 portadores de esclerose múltipla, grupo (EM) e 8 indivíduos saudáveis, grupo controle (CT) ambos os grupos assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Para análises foram coletadas amostras sanguíneas, que foram processadas e foi retirado o plasma. As análises foram realizadas conforme técnicas descritas na literatura. Os resultados foram análisados por teste de Mann-whitney considerando estatisticamente significativo p<0,05. Os resultados encontrados foram: GSH aumentada no grupo EM, Catalase sem diferença estatística entre os grupos, GST aumentada no grupo CT e lipoperoxidação e carbonilação proteíca aumentadas em EM. Conclui-se que os portadores de esclerose múltipla possuem um perfil redox alterado em comparação aos indivíduos saudáveis.
Um software-protótipo sobre os direitos dos pacientes renais crônicos
Authors: Alonso Carolina do Val , Louro Lidiane da Fonseca Moura , Silva Roberto Carlos Lyra da , Machado Daniel Aragão , Ribeiro Yonara Cristiane , Louro Thiago Quinellato
Published: May 2021

O acometimento de doenças crônicas tem ocorrido em grande escala, o estilo de vida relacionado com a genética dos indivíduos tem acarretado em maiores números, com isso o número de pacientes renais crônicos tem se tornado cada vez maior. Entende-se que o paciente renal crônico em tratamento dialítico tem a necessidade de saber seus direitos, o que pode acarretar em melhora na sua realidade social e de tratamento em saúde, e a existência de uma ferramenta tecnológica para suporte é de relevante existência. O estudo teve como objetivo: Criar um software protótipo acerca dos direitos dos pacientes renais crônicos em tratamento hemodialítico. Metodologia: Antes da realização da prototipação, foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados, afim de descobrir a necessidade real da existência da criação do protótipo, para isso realizou-se o Scoping Review. O delineamento do estudo foi através do modelo de metodologia cíclica, de prototipagem. Resultados: O resultado foi apresentado ao longo de três etapas, que pontuam as etapas de construção de um protótipo. Através do desenvolvimento do estudo foi possível criar um software protótipo acerca dos direitos dos pacientes renais crônicos em tratamento hemodialítico. Conclusão: Conclui-se, portanto, que o objetivo do estudo foi concluído, visto a criação do protótipo. O protótipo tem grandes possibilidades de impacto na população alvo, visto que vem para somar como mais como mais uma ferramenta para manutenção dos direitos dos pacientes renais crônicos.
Perfil socioambiental de idosos de uma região do Pantanal Matogrossense: Um estudo das endoparasitoses
Authors: Matos Tatiane Amorim de , Zanetti Andernice dos Santos , Barros Lucas França de , Araújo Marta dos Santos Miranda de , Espinosa Omar  Ariel , Malheiros Antonio Francisco
Published: May 2021

Como o processo natural do envelhecimento, o idoso apresenta mudanças morfofisiológicas e imunológicas deixando o mais susceptível as infecções parasitárias. As endoparasitoses constituem um problema de saúde pública no Brasil, apresentando variações de acordo com as condições de saneamento básico, nível socioeconômico, grau de escolaridade, idade e hábitos de higiene, entre outras variáveis. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi analisar a prevalência de endoparasitas em idosos frequentadores do Centro de Convivência e idosos e funcionários da Instituição de Longa Permanência no município de Cáceres-MT. As amostras foram analisadas empregando três técnicas laboratoriais, sendo elas: Hoffmann, Ritchie e técnica de coloração Safranina modificado, no laboratório de Biologia Parasitaria da Universidade do Estado do Mato Grosso (UNEMAT). A prevalências de parasitas intestinais entre os idosos do Centro de Convivência (46,98%), idosos da Instituição de Longa Permanência (83,33%) e funcionários (84,61%). Os endoparasitas Criptosporidium sp., Cyclospora sp. e Giardia lamblia foram os mais prevalentes, com 22%, 19% e 18%, respectivamente. Esse estudo avaliou ainda as características sociodemográficas e hábitos de higiene pessoal dos idosos do Centro de Convivência e dos funcionários da ILP.  Os resultados sugeriram uma condição epidemiológica preocupante da população idosa da ILP pois os altos índices de prevalência tanto nos idosos quanto nos funcionários evidenciam o alto risco de infecção e reinfecção nesse ambiente e mostra a necessidade de programas educacionais de conscientização das práticas higiênicas e de atenção básica a saúde da população idosa nessas instituições.
A dimensão interdisciplinar na construção da Educação Ambiental: Uma proposta de sequência didática
Authors: Peixoto Sandra Cadore , Nora Lissandro Dorneles Dalla , Conceição Meireles Ortiz Ail , Topolski Diogo Kramer , Orselli Maria Isabel Veras , Nunes Janilse Fernandes
Published: May 2021

A Educação Ambiental tem como objetivo a sensibilização e conscientização ambiental. Este cenário socioeducacional, portanto, motiva à investigação de implicações decorrentes da relação entre as identidades espaciais locais e o processo de alfabetização científica sobre o Ensino de Ciências, que objetiva a construção do pensamento científico, tendo como princípio fundante a construção de habilidades e conceitos preliminares em período escolar dos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Dessa forma, o objetivo neste estudo é propor uma sequência didática para desenvolver a Educação Ambiental de maneira interdisciplinar. A presente pesquisa, trata de uma pesquisa-ação, com abordagem qualitativa, tendo como público alvo professores e estudantes do sexto e sétimo ano de uma Escola Pública, do município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A proposta resultou em um importante recurso para os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem, pois visou articular os saberes curriculares da escola com a Educação Ambiental de uma maneira diferenciada e instigante e tem potencial para ser aplicada em diferentes contextos escolares, tendo sempre em mente que as disciplinas dialogam constantemente com as outras áreas do conhecimento, e, por meio de ações concretas, o aprendizado do aluno é favorecido.
Residência médica de pediatria: Limites e possibilidades
Authors: Albuquerque Ianik Rafaela Leal de , Silva Maria Raimunda Chagas , Silva Flor de Maria Araújo Mendonça , Pacheco Marcos Antônio Barbosa , Monteiro Claudia Barbastefano , Loyola Cristina Maria Douat
Published: May 2021

A Pós-Graduação em Medicina é uma etapa peculiar na Educação Médica, tendo na Residência Médica sua forma de especialização de caráter regular e permanente, e considerada padrão ouro na formação do médico. O estado do Maranhão tem uma das médias mais baixas, no que tange à relação profissionais médicos para cada grupo de mil pessoas. Em 2016 foi implementada a residência em Pediatria na rede estadual de saúde e buscamos através deste trabalho compreender a percepção dos médicos, residentes em Pediatria e preceptores, acerca de sua experiência nesse Programa de Residência Médica. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e analítico, com abordagem qualitativa, e utilizamos como método para coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada onde entrevistamos 7 residentes e 13 preceptores. A pesquisa foi realizada de maio de 2019 a março de 2020, em um hospital de referência em Pediatria da rede estadual. Os resultados reafirmam a importância da residência médica, bem como apontam para a necessidade de redimensionamento da política de preceptoria médica da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado, no que se refere principalmente a importância de protocolos clínicos nos hospitais da rede, educação continuada na formação de médicos preceptores, revisão de contratos com grupos médicos que incluam a responsabilidade quanto à preceptoria médica, implementação de processo de avaliação de preceptores e definição de suas competências pedagógicas e responsabilidades técnicas.
Penggunaan Performance Sebagai Pemoderasi: antara Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility, Kepemilikan Keluarga dan Beban Research and Development Terhadap Tax Avoidance
Authors: Goenawan Yohanes August , Ramdhani Dadan , Kesumawati Christien Setiya , Fatimaleha Raden Willi
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pengungkapan corporate social responsibility, kepemilikan keluarga, beban research and development terhadap penghindaran pajak dengan performance sebagai variabel moderasi. Populasi penelitian ini adalah perusahaan sektor industri barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode tahun 2014-2018. Sampel yang diuji dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 15 perusahaan yang diambil berdasarkan metode purposive sampling. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder berupa laporan tahunan dan laporan keuangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dan analisis regresi moderasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa corporate social responsibility berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap penghindaran pajak, sedangkan kepemilikan keluarga dan beban research and development tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penghindaran pajak. Selain itu, performance dapat memperkuat pengaruh kepemilikan keluarga dan beban research and development terhadap penghindaran pajak, sedangkan corporate social responsibility tidak dapat dimoderasi.
Peran Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Governance dan Profitabilitas: Indikasi Penghindaran Pajak Pada Sektor Pertambangan di Indonesia
Authors: Ramdhani Dadan , Yanti Yanti , Sitompul Merryam Apriyanti
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pengungkapan corporate social responsibility, mekanisme corporate governance yang terdiri dari kepemilikan manajerial dan komite audit, serta profitabilitas terhadap penghindaran pajak. Populasi penelitian ini adalah perusahaan pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2014-2018. Sampel yang diuji dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 13 perusahaan dengan total 65 sampel yang diambil berdasarkan metode purposive sampling. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan dan laporan tahunan. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komite audit dan profitabilitas berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap penghindaran pajak. Selain itu, ditemukan hasil kepemilikan manajerial dan corporate social responsibility tidak berpengaruh terhadap penghindaran pajak.
PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT BERUPA PELATIHAN DAN PEMBUATAN SISTEM SERAPAN AIR BIOPORI
Authors: Bahri Asep Saepul , - Adiran , Chandra Yoga , Mamesah Elli Diana , Rikmasari Rima , Nugratama Sony , Budianti Yudi , Kusumawati Mia
Published: May 2021

Environmental problems are an important factor in life. One of the efforts to maintain the function of groundwater so that it is well preserved can be done by reforesting it and creating a household catchment area. One of them is by making infiltration holes to serve as temporary storage for rainwater and to maintain soil moisture during the dry season so as to prevent drought as well as during the rainy season to minimize flooding. The purpose of this training activity is to use land as a biopore water absorption system. While the purpose of this activity is to carry out the Tri Dharma of Higher Education in the form of Community Service. The results of the research that has been conducted by 8 members who will provide a way to make infiltration holes at SMPN 1 Setu and this service is carried out well.
PELATIHAN PUBLIC SPEAKING
Authors: Rizky Irna Julia , D.Aksa Yudha Asmara
Published: May 2021

Public speaking can be understood as a technique of delivering messages in public. Scientifically, public speaking is part of the science of communication. This is because communication is a process of interaction to relate from one party to another. With this training, it is hoped that students will have the confidence to speak in public. The method used is to do public speaking training which has predetermined points. The results of this public speaking training allow students to have high self-confidence to speak in public. So that it helps students express themselves in public.
ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN LEMBAGA AMIL ZAKAT DENGAN METODE DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS (DEA) (Studi pada Lembaga Amil Zakat Dompet Dhuafa Republika)
Authors: Alfina Refia , Putra Purnama
Published: May 2021

Zakat is one of the important sectors in Islamic philanthropy, currently the collection of zakat has developed quite rapidly. Along with the increasing performance of collecting zakat funds, the Zakat Management Organization (OPZ) is also growing rapidly. As an OPZ institution, it should be able to show good performance, one of which is the efficiency of financial performance. This study aims to measure the efficiency of the Dompet Dhuafa Republika Amil Zakat Institution (LAZ), to determine whether the LAZ under study has carried out its duties properly, and as an evaluation material to improve the performance of LAZ which is the object of research. The research method used is a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. Data collection techniques used in this study were library research and field research. The type of data used is secondary data in the form of financial reports of the Dompet Dhuafa Republika (DDR) amil zakat institution for the 2016-2017 period. The measurement of this research uses the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method with a production approach. The variables used in this study were divided into 2 types, namely input variables and output variables. Input variables include personnel costs, operational costs, and total assets. While the output variables include: collected funds, distributed funds, and total mustahik. The data were processed using the Banxia Frontier Analyst 4.3 computer program. Based on the research that has been done, the results of the 2016 LAZ DDR efficiency level were 100%, while in 2017 it was 98.13%. Inefficiency occurred in 2017 due to variables that did not reach the target, including: personnel costs, operational costs, total assets, funds raised and funds channeled. In general, it can be concluded that the performance of LAZ DDR in 2016 is better than 2017. The results of this study will be able to help LAZ DDR improve the level of efficiency in the next period in order to obtain good performance.
HUBUNGAN POWER LENGAN DAN KOORDINASI MATA TANGAN TERHADAP AKURASI LEMPARAN BOWLING PADA ATLET CRICKET PUTRI KOTA BEKASI
Authors: Basri Hasan , Pamungkas Gilar Wanda , Abidin Dindin
Published: May 2021

Cricket is a sport that is played on a grassy field that leads to positive mental development and prioritizes honesty, fairness, honor / respect for others, accepts referee decisions, is polite and self-controlled. The cricket community at 45 Islamic University Bekasi is one of the places for student talent development in cricket, in this cricket sport has basic techniques including punches, catches, and throws. The method used in this research is the correlation research method. The result of this study is that there is a significant relationship between arm power and hand eye coordination on bowling accuracy both partially and simultaneously
Reactor Antineutrino Spectrum
Authors: Gilewsky V. V.
Published: May 2021

Precise measurement of antineutrino parameters from nuclear reactor demands the correct knowledge of decay energy spectra from complicated sources, that consist of many decaying nuclei. Here we reanalyze physical phenomena and formulas used for such calculations.
Temperature-Frequency Controlling the Characteristics of a Pulsating Brownian Ratchet with Slightly Fluctuating Potential Energy
Authors: Shapochkina I. V. , Korochkova T. Ye. , Rozenbaum V. M. , Bugaev A. S. , Trakhtenberg L.I.
Published: May 2021

Within the approximation of slight fluctuations of the nanoparticle potential energy, we developed a method for calculating the characteristics of a Brownian ratchet (a complex nonlinear system capable of extracting useful work from unbiased nonequilibrium fluctuations). The method is suitable for studying the mechanisms and modes of functioning of artificial nanomotors. Unlike the effort-consuming obtaining and applying for this studying the Green's functions of the coordinate representation which describe diffusion in the stationary component of the potential, the proposed method operates with the Fourier representation of both the control and desired functions. That allows calculating the Green's functions as inverse matrices in the space of Fourier harmonics and finding the average velocity of a Brownian ratchet with an arbitrary spatial and temporal dependence of the potential energy. To illustrate the method, an analysis has been performed of the functioning of a ratchet in which the directional motion of nanoparticles arises due to small stochastic fluctuations of an asymmetric sawtooth potential profile with an arbitrary barrier-heightto- thermal-energy ratio. It is shown that, with a harmonic coordinate dependence of these fluctuations, a change in the direction and intensity of the ratchet effect is controlled not only by tuning the magnitude of their phase shift relative to the sawtooth potential (the fact revealed before in the high-temperature approximation), but also by changing the temperature and the frequency of fluctuations. The nontrivial dependencies of the ratchet velocity on the geometric, frequency, and energy parameters of the system are obtained by numerical implementing the proposed calculation method.
Further Legal Determinants of External Finance in Scotland: An Intra-UK Market for Incorporation?
Authors: Hardman Jonathan
Published: May 2021

Previously in this journal the author reviewed Scots law's corporate debt finance rules from a transaction cost perspective. Recent research has identified that use of the Scottish corporate vehicle has significantly dropped for companies listing on the London Stock Exchange, even for those companies with headquarters in Scotland. This article explores whether this could be said to be caused by differences in company law rules between English and Scots law. It identifies that there are low transaction cost differences when it comes to known differences, but that Scots law is at a disadvantage when it comes to implicit differences (for example, the nature of a share) and uncertain company law differences from English law (for example, whether the Duomatic principle, or any other equity-based English company law principle, applies under Scots law). The framework for a market for company law exists intra-UK. As such, it seems possible that the reduction in use of the Scottish form arises because of higher transaction costs when using the Scottish form. This represents a methodological development for company law more generally – an atomisation approach, distilling company law into its component private law aspects.
An Assessment of Special Military Operations in Internal Security Management
in Nigeria (1966-2019)
Authors: Maigari Abdullahi Muhammad , Karofi Usman Ahmad , Abdul-Quadir Uthman Abdullahi , Arafat Ibrahim
Published: May 2021

This article identifies different operational codenames adopted by the
Nigerian military in special domestic operations from 1966-2019 and
examined whether the operations were executed in line with the
codenames. In Nigeria, the military has an established tradition of
codenaming special operations, in both internal and foreign missions.
Since 1966, the Nigerian military has been involved in internal security
management and codenamed all the operations using both English and local language names. The aftermath of the first military coup d'état on
15th January 1966, was the beginning of military involvement in domestic
security operations in addition to their constitutional responsibility of
defending the territorial integrity of the country. The Effect Perspective
(TEP) is adopted as the theoretical framework which gives proper
nuance to the study. Methodologically, data were elicited through in-depth interviews. The findings explain why several military operations
have failed to achieve the objectives of their codenames. It concludes that
there is no correlation between the operational codenames and their
outcomes of special military operations in Nigeria because the desired
results of restoring peace have not been achieved within the specific time
frame given when they were launched. The paper concludes that the
majority of special military operations launched in Nigeria failed below
expectations and unable to restore peace in their country in line with the
operational codenames as a result of factors identified in the study.
THE INTERMARIUM PARADOX
Authors: GOTOWIECKI Paweł
Published: May 2021

The paper concerns the concept of Intermarium from a historical perspective, seen from the Polish point of view. The author presents the genesis of this concept, its historical premises, unsuccessful attempts to build a collective safety system in Central and Eastern Europe in the 20th century, and finally reflects on the chance of contemporary integration initiatives in the area between the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea. In his speech, the author focuses on the title Intermarium paradox, indicating that in the twentieth century integration attempts had no chance of success, because none of the countries in this part of the continent was a sufficient centre of power - while the unification of Central and Eastern Europe was undertaken by external centres of power, on by the coercion principles.
CANCELLATION OF THE TREATY OF 1987 ON THE ERADICATION OF INTERMEDIATE AND SHORTER-RANGE MISSILES AND ITS IMPACT ON PAN-REGIONAL SECURITY IN AEGIS OF THE ‘THREE SEAS’ AREA (BALTIC, ADRIATIC-BLACK SEA SPACE)
Authors: GUCHUA Alika
Published: May 2021

The issue of the international security has become more pressing actual in 21st century due to the appearance of new dangers and challenges in the modern world, which were not typical for the previous century. On the background of geopolitical transition, the role of strategic offensive arms and weapons of mass destruction has become more important. In the modern world, it is important to maintain strategic parity on arms when global challenges pose a serious threat to all humanity. In this paper, we discussed the reasons for the cancellation of the Treaty on the Elimination of intermediate-range and short-range missiles of 1987 and the dangers that are threatening the world. The USA and Russia have officially announced that they are starting modernizing and producing ballistic missiles and what is more important, their policies are forcing other countries to produce similar arms. The paper focuses on the security environment of the Baltic, Adriatic and Black Sea regions, the dangers that resulted from the cancellation of the abovementioned agreement. The Politics of Strategic Bullying in the Bipolar Era, the “Cold War” phenomenon and geopolitical processes of New Cold War is also discussed in this paper. Also, discussing the role of strategic offensive arms and defining NATO's role in ensuring international security has an important place in this paper.
INTEGRATION PROCESSES IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE IN THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURIES
Authors: KUŹ Adam
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the paper is to answer the question: what is the main reason why the Central and Eastern Europe countries did not enter into fruitful and long-term cooperation both in the interwar period and after the collapse of the Soviet Union despite a far-reaching commonality of interests? Conflicts between these countries are not decisive factors in their lack of integration. The degree of integration is proportional to the degree of involvement in Central and Eastern Europe of powers that could act as an external hegemony. In the interwar period, the United States, England and France, and after 1989, the United States had the right potential to undertake such a task in its interest. None of them, however, took up such a role in the long run. Attempts to integrate the countries of Central and Eastern Europe to date, starting from the Versailles conference, indicate that the American protectorate is a necessary factor for implementing closer forms of cooperation between these countries.
Weryfikacja skuteczności predykcji wybranych modeli analizy dyskryminacyjnej na przykładzie przedsiębiorstw funkcjonujących w specjalnych strefach ekonomicznych w Polsce
Authors: Lichota Wojciech
Published: May 2021

Celem artykułu jest weryfikacja
skuteczności predykcji wybranych 10 modeli
analizy dyskryminacyjnej na przykładzie próby
15 przedsiębiorstw funkcjonujących w specjalnych strefach ekonomicznych w Polsce. Jak
wynika z przeprowadzonych badań modele
poddane weryfikacji właściwie odzwierciedlały
sytuację finansową badanych przedsiębiorstw.
Zwrócono jednakże uwagę na konieczność
dokonywania oceny sytuacji finansowej przedsiębiorstw za pomocą wielu modeli analizy
dyskryminacyjnej, gdyż wskazania jednego
modelu mogą prowadzić do błędnych ustaleń
Rodziny uwięzionych i ich miejsce w środowisku lokalnym
Authors: Kieszkowska Anna
Published: May 2021

. Being one of the family members
for a long time under conditions of prison
isolation becomes a factor that violates, to
varying degrees, the family's existing
functioning and hinders or disturbs social
relations. Separation from the closest relies
largely on the behavior of individuals and
the functioning of the family as a whole,
and in particular prevents other members
from fulfilling certain family tasks and roles,
although there are painful experiences and
lack of positive references to events that
took place in the family.
The Split Senate
Authors: Chari Tara , Pachter Lior
Published: May 2021

The theory of split systems provides a mathematical formalism for understanding and visualizing collections of partitions of sets into two parts. In particular, split networks, which generalize phylogenetic trees, are widely used in evolutionary biology. Here we show that these tools can be used to analyze and visualize voting patterns. As an example, we consider United States Senate votes, and we show that the Neighbor-Net algorithm, coupled to SplitsTree visualization, provides an effective exploratory data analysis framework for elucidating voting patterns among senators. We also introduce a statistical approach to identify voting patterns associated with specific groups of senators, and use it to study shifts in inter- and intra- party structures over time. The analyses we describe should be broadly applicable to visualizing and studying coalitions in any voting organization.
Influence of Socioeconomic Factors on Transit Demand During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Bogotá’s BRT System
Authors: Caicedo Juan D. , Walker Joan L. , González Marta C.
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic restricted most economic and social activities, impacting travel demand for all transportation modes and especially for transit. We hypothesize that the shifts in travel demand varied by socioeconomic status, and we assess the differential impact of COVID-19 in the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) patronage across various socioeconomic groups in Bogotá. We built a database of frequent transit users with data collected by smartcards in Bogota’s BRT system between January and October 2020. For each user in the database, we labeled their home and work stations. Transactions at other stations are classified as “other.” The stratum (a government socioeconomic classification of residential units in Colombia) of a BRT station’s service area was assigned using an estimated probability vector for each user belonging to a specific stratum; this data is validated with aggregate strata distributions in the 2019 household travel survey. Our study found that the reduction in transactions for lower-strata users is significantly less than that of the middle and high strata. The magnitude of this difference varies over time but stabilizes after the end of the lockdown. The growth rate of “other” transactions per thousand people is greater than the growth for home and work locations, especially for the lowest strata. Other studies have shown that the radius of gyration (Rg) (a measure of how far individuals travel away from home) has decreased about 50% after the lockdowns. Our study shows that when measuring Rg only for users who continued using BRT, the Rg slightly decreased for lower and medium strata but increased for high strata. The contribution of this study is a method to classify BRT transactions of frequent users by strata, as well as a description of trends in BRT use by strata to expand our understanding of the COVID-19 lockdowns impacts in the Global South context. These results are a starting point to inform policy and decision-makers to guide the recovery efforts to improve transit accessibility and level of service for captive users such as low-stratum users.
Devising Mixed-Ligand Based Robust Cd(II)-Framework From Bi-Functional Ligand for Fast Responsive Luminescent Detection of Fe3+ and Cr(VI) Oxo-Anions in Water With High Selectivity and Recyclability
Authors: Singh Manpreet , Kumar Gaurav , Neogi Subhadip
Published: May 2021

Environmental issue related applications have globally surfaced as hottest areas of research, wherein luminescent metal-organic frameworks (LMOFs) with functionalized pores put unique signature in real-time monitoring of multiple classes of toxic compounds, and overcome many of the challenges of conventional materials. We report a two-fold interpenetrated, mixed-ligand Cd(II)-organic framework (CSMCRI-11) [Cd1.5(L)2(bpy)(NO3)]·DMF·2H2O (CSMCRI = Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute, HL = 4- (1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzoic acid, bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine) that exemplifies bipillar-layer structure with two different Cd(II) nodes, and displays notable robustness in diverse organic solvents and water. Intense luminescence signature of the activated MOF (11a) is harnessed in extremely selective and fast responsive sensing of Fe3+ ions in aqueous phase with notable quenching constant (1.91 × 104 M−1) and impressive 166 ppb limit of detection (LOD). The framework further serves as a highly discriminative and quick responsive scaffold for turn-off detection of two noxious oxo-anions (Cr2O72− and CrO42−) in water, where individual quenching constants (CrO42−: 1.46 × 104 M−1; Cr2O72−: 2.18 × 104 M−1) and LOD values (CrO42−: 179 ppb; Cr2O72−: 114 ppb) rank among best sensory MOFs for aqueous phase detection of Cr(VI) species. It is imperative to stress the outstanding reusability of the MOF towards detection of all these aqueous pollutants, besides their vivid monitoring by colorimetric changes under UV-light. Mechanism of selective quenching is comprehensively investigated in light of absorption of the excitation/emission energy of the host framework by individual studied analyte.
Autonomous Non Antioxidant Roles for Fasciola hepatica Secreted Thioredoxin-1 and Peroxiredoxin-1
Authors: Dorey Amber , Cwiklinski Krystyna , Rooney James , De Marco Verissimo Carolina , López Corrales Jesús , Jewhurst Heather , Fazekas Barbara , Calvani Nichola Eliza Davies , Hamon Siobhán , Gaughan Siobhán , Dalton John P. , Lalor Richard
Published: May 2021

Trematode parasites of the genus Fasciola are the cause of liver fluke disease (fasciolosis) in humans and their livestock. Infection of the host involves invasion through the intestinal wall followed by migration in the liver that results in extensive damage, before the parasite settles as a mature egg-laying adult in the bile ducts. Genomic and transcriptomic studies revealed that increased metabolic stress during the rapid growth and development of F. hepatica is balanced with the up-regulation of the thiol-independent antioxidant system. In this cascade system thioredoxin/glutathione reductase (TGR) reduces thioredoxin (Trx), which then reduces and activates peroxiredoxin (Prx), whose major function is to protect cells against the damaging hydrogen peroxide free radicals. F. hepatica expresses a single TGR, three Trx and three Prx genes; however, the transcriptional expression of Trx1 and Prx1 far out-weighs (>50-fold) other members of their family, and both are major components of the parasite secretome. While Prx1 possesses a leader signal peptide that directs its secretion through the classical pathway and explains why this enzyme is found freely soluble in the secretome, Trx1 lacks a leader peptide and is secreted via an alternative pathway that packages the majority of this enzyme into extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here we propose that F. hepatica Prx1 and Trx1 do not function as part of the parasite’s stress-inducible thiol-dependant cascade, but play autonomous roles in defence against the general anti-pathogen oxidative burst by innate immune cells, in the modulation of host immune responses and regulation of inflammation.
P2x7 Receptor Signaling Blockade Reduces Lung Inflammation and Necrosis During Severe Experimental Tuberculosis
Authors: Santiago-Carvalho Igor , Almeida-Santos Gislane de , Bomfim Caio César Barbosa , Souza Paula Carolina de , Silva Juan Carlo Santos e , Melo Bruno Marcel Silva de , Amaral Eduardo Pinheiro , Cione Marcos Vinícios Pinheiro , Lasunskaia Elena , Hirata Mario Hiroyuki , Alves-Filho José Carlos Farias , Nakaya Helder Imoto , Alvarez José Maria , D’Império Lima Maria Regina
Published: May 2021

The risk of developing severe forms of tuberculosis has increased by the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, lack of effective drugs to eliminate latent infection and the emergence of drug-resistant mycobacterial strains. Excessive inflammatory response and tissue damage associated with severe tuberculosis contribute to poor outcome of the disease. Our previous studies using mice deficient in the ATP-gated ionotropic P2X7 receptor suggested this molecule as a promising target for host-directed therapy in severe pulmonary tuberculosis. In this study, we assessed the effects of P2X7 pharmacological blockade on disease severity. First, we observed an increase inP2RX7gene expression in the peripheral blood of tuberculosis patients compared to healthy donors. Lung leukocytes of mice infected with hypervirulent mycobacteria also showed increased expression of the P2X7 receptor. P2X7 blockade in mice with advanced tuberculosis recapitulated in many aspects the disease in P2X7-deficient mice. P2X7-directed therapy reduced body weight loss and the development of inflammatory and necrotic lung lesions, as well as delayed mycobacterial growth. Lower TNF-α production by lung cells and a substantial reduction in the lung GR-1+myeloid cell population were observed after P2X7 inhibition. The effector CD4+T cell population also decreased, but IFN-γ production by lung cells increased. The presence of a large population with characteristics of myeloid dendritic cells, as well as the increase in IL-6 production by lung cells, also indicate a qualitative improvement in the pulmonary immune response due to P2X7 inhibition. These findings support the use of drugs that target the P2X7 receptor as a therapeutic strategy to improve the outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Essential Genes and MiRNA–mRNA Network Contributing to the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Hao Shengyu , Jiang Pan , Xie Liang , Xiang Guiling , Liu Zilong , Hu Weiping , Wu Qinhan , Jiang Liyan , Xiao Yi , Li Shanqun
Published: May 2021

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a life-threatening disease. Owing to its high fatality rate and narrow therapeutic options, identification of the pathogenic mechanisms of IPAH is becoming increasingly important.

Methods: In our research, we utilized the robust rank aggregation (RRA) method to integrate four eligible pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) microarray datasets and identified the significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between IPAH and normal samples. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were performed to analyze their functions. The interaction network of protein–protein interaction (PPI) was constructed to explore the correlation between these DEGs. The functional modules and hub genes were further identified by the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Moreover, a miRNA microarray dataset was involved and analyzed to filter differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs). Potential target genes of screened DE-miRNAs were predicted and merged with DEGs to explore a miRNA–mRNA network in IPAH. Some hub genes were selected and validated by RT-PCR in lung tissues from the PAH animal model.

Results: A total of 260 DEGs, consisting of 183 upregulated and 77 downregulated significant DEGs, were identified, and some of those genes were novel. Their molecular roles in the etiology of IPAH remained vague. The most crucial functional module involved in IPAH is mainly enriched in biological processes, including leukocyte migration, cell chemotaxis, and myeloid leukocyte migration. Construction and analysis of the PPI network showed that CXCL10, CXCL9, CCR1, CX3CR1, CX3CL1, CXCR2, CXCR1, PF4, CCL4L1, and ADORA3 were recognized as top 10 hub genes with high connectivity degrees. WGCNA further identified five main functional modules involved in the pathogenesis of IPAH. Twelve upregulated DE-miRNAs and nine downregulated DE-miRNAs were identified. Among them, four downregulated DEGs and eight upregulated DEGs were supposed to be negatively regulated by three upregulated DE-miRNAs and three downregulated DE-miRNAs, respectively.

Conclusions: This study identifies some key and functional coexpression modules involved in IPAH, as well as a potential IPAH-related miRNA–mRNA regulated network. It provides deepening insights into the molecular mechanisms and provides vital clues in seeking novel therapeutic targets for IPAH.
Iowa Urban FEWS: Integrating Social and Biophysical Models for Exploration of Urban Food, Energy, and Water Systems
Authors: Thompson Jan , Ganapathysubramanian Baskar , Chen Wei , Dorneich Michael , Gassman Philip , Krejci Caroline , Liebman Matthew , Nair Ajay , Passe Ulrike , Schwab Nicholas , Rosentrater Kurt , Stone Tiffanie , Wang Yiming , Zhou Yuyu
Published: May 2021

Most people in the world live in urban areas, and their high population densities, heavy reliance on external sources of food, energy, and water, and disproportionately large waste production result in severe and cumulative negative environmental effects. Integrated study of urban areas requires a system-of-systems analytical framework that includes modeling with social and biophysical data. We describe preliminary work toward an integrated urban food-energy-water systems (FEWS) analysis using co-simulation for assessment of current and future conditions, with an emphasis on local (urban and urban-adjacent) food production. We create a framework to enable simultaneous analyses of climate dynamics, changes in land cover, built forms, energy use, and environmental outcomes associated with a set of drivers of system change related to policy, crop management, technology, social interaction, and market forces affecting food production. The ultimate goal of our research program is to enhance understanding of the urban FEWS nexus so as to improve system function and management, increase resilience, and enhance sustainability. Our approach involves data-driven co-simulation to enable coupling of disparate food, energy and water simulation models across a range of spatial and temporal scales. When complete, these models will quantify energy use and water quality outcomes for current systems, and determine if undesirable environmental effects are decreased and local food supply is increased with different configurations of socioeconomic and biophysical factors in urban and urban-adjacent areas. The effort emphasizes use of open-source simulation models and expert knowledge to guide modeling for individual and combined systems in the urban FEWS nexus.
Complexities in Student Placements Under COVID-19 Moral and Practical Considerations
Authors: Sarbu Raluca , Unwin Peter
Published: May 2021

The work placement experiences of MA and BA social work students at an English university during a pandemic were explored by way of an online survey. Thirteen students responded and reported that the moral and practical consequences of a sudden forced move to the “new normal” of online working and assessment raised serious issues about the boundary between home and work life, and about the relationship-based nature of the career they thought they were entering. Experiences of moral and practical support from agencies were mixed, and a lack of consistency across different placement agencies led to feelings of unfairness in the students’ experience. Opportunities for incidental and tacit forms of learning were lacking in online working environments and students were strong of the belief that the future of social work would entail a permanent locus shift from community work to online interaction regarding the people (service users and carers) with whom they worked. This shift was largely perceived in terms of loss and a further diminution in relationship-based practice in English social work services, which have increasingly been dominated by a task and performance management culture before the onset of COVID-19.
Attitudes Toward Inclusive Education: An Exploration of the Interaction Between Teachers’ Status and Students’ Type of Disability Within the French Context
Authors: Jury Mickaël , Perrin Anne-Laure , Rohmer Odile , Desombre Caroline
Published: May 2021

The positive attitudes of teachers toward inclusive education appear to be necessary to successfully implement this policy. The present research, conducted within the French context, seeks to replicate the previous findings regarding students’ type of disability or teachers’ status and extend them by specifically examining the interaction between these two variables. We notably hypothesized that (1) teachers’ attitudes toward inclusive education will be the least positive for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in comparison with students with cognitive disorder (CD) and students with motor impairment (MI); (2) special education teachers will have more positive attitudes than general teachers; and more importantly (3) special education teachers, in comparison with general teachers, would be less likely to express distinct attitudes depending on the students’ type of disability. An online questionnaire was completed by 311 teachers. The results replicated the previous findings by showing that teachers’ attitudes were more favorable toward students with MI than students with CD or students with ASD. In addition, taking into account teachers’ status, the results showed that if special education teachers had more positive attitudes than general teachers, they, however, expressed less favorable attitudes toward the inclusion of students with ASD in comparison with those with other types of disabilities. These results are notably discussed regarding the lay beliefs associated with students with ASD and the influence of training.