bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O-Net: A Fast and Precise Deep-Learning Architecture for Computational Super-Resolved Phase-Modulated Optical Microscopy
Authors: Kaderuppan Shiraz S , Wong Wai Leong Eugene , Sharma Anurag , Woo Wai Lok
Published: June 2022

We present a fast and precise deep-learning architecture, which we term O-Net, for obtaining super-resolved images from conventional phase-modulated optical microscopical techniques, such as phase-contrast microscopy and differential interference contrast microscopy. O-Net represents a novel deep convolutional neural network that can be trained on both simulated and experimental data, the latter of which is being demonstrated in the present context. The present study demonstrates the ability of the proposed method to achieve super-resolved images even under poor signal-to-noise ratios and does not require prior information on the point spread function or optical character of the system. Moreover, unlike previous state-of-the-art deep neural networks (such as U-Nets), the O-Net architecture seemingly demonstrates an immunity to network hallucination, a commonly cited issue caused by network overfitting when U-Nets are employed. Models derived from the proposed O-Net architecture are validated through empirical comparison with a similar sample imaged via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and are found to generate ultra-resolved images which came close to that of the actual SEM micrograph.
The effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on mental health care use in South Africa: an interrupted time-series analysis
Authors: Wettstein Anja , Tlali Mpho , Joska John A. , Cornell Morna , Skrivankova Veronika W. , Seedat Soraya , Mouton Johannes P. , van den Heuvel Leigh L. , Maxwell Nicola , Davies Mary-Ann , Maartens Gary , Egger Matthias , Haas Andreas D.
Published: June 2022

Aims

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and ensuing restrictions have negatively affected the mental health and well-being of the general population, and there is increasing evidence suggesting that lockdowns have led to a disruption of health services. In March 2020, South Africa introduced a lockdown in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, entailing the suspension of all non-essential activities and a complete ban of tobacco and alcohol sales. We studied the effect of the lockdown on mental health care utilisation rates in private-sector care in South Africa.

Methods

We conducted an interrupted time-series analysis using insurance claims from 1 January 2017 to 1 June 2020 of beneficiaries 18 years or older from a large private sector medical insurance scheme. We calculated weekly outpatient consultation and hospital admission rates for organic mental disorders, substance use disorders, serious mental disorders, depression, anxiety, other mental disorders, any mental disorder and alcohol withdrawal syndrome. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (OR) for the effect of the lockdown on weekly outpatient consultation and hospital admission rates and the weekly change in rates during the lockdown until 1 June 2020.

Results

710 367 persons were followed up for a median of 153 weeks. Hospital admission rates (OR 0.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33–0.44) and outpatient consultation rates (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.63–0.87) for any mental disorder decreased substantially after the introduction of the lockdown and did not recover to pre-lockdown levels by 1 June 2020. Health care utilisation rates for alcohol withdrawal syndrome doubled after the introduction of the lockdown, but the statistical uncertainty around the estimates was large (OR 2.24; 95% CI 0.69–7.24).

Conclusions

Mental health care utilisation rates for inpatient and outpatient services decreased substantially after the introduction of the lockdown. Hospital admissions and outpatient consultations for alcohol withdrawal syndrome increased after the introduction of the lockdown, but statistical uncertainty precludes strong conclusions about a potential unintended effect of the alcohol sales ban. Governments should integrate strategies for ensuring access and continuity of essential mental health services during lockdowns in pandemic preparedness planning.
A comparative evaluation of convolutional neural networks, training image sizes, and deep learning optimizers for weed detection in alfalfa
Authors: Yang Jie , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar , Wang Yundi , Chen Yong , Yu Jialin
Published: June 2022

In this research, the deep-learning optimizers Adagrad, AdaDelta, Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam), and Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) were applied to the deep convolutional neural networks AlexNet, GoogLeNet, VGGNet, and ResNet that were trained to recognize weeds among alfalfa using photographic images taken at 200×200, 400×400, 600×600, and 800×800 pixels. An increase in the image sizes reduced the classification accuracy of all neural networks. The neural networks that were trained with images of 200×200 pixels resulted in better classification accuracy than the other image sizes investigated here. The optimizers AlexNet and GoogLeNet trained with AdaDelta and SGD outperformed the Adagrad and Adam optimizers; VGGNet trained with AdaDelta outperformed Adagrad, Adam, and SGD; and ResNet trained with AdaDelta and Adagrad outperformed the Adam and SGD optimizers. When the neural networks were trained with the best-performing input image size (200×200 pixels) and the best-performing deep learning optimizer, VGGNet was the most effective neural network, with high precision and recall values (≥0.99) when validation and testing datasets were used. Alternatively, ResNet was the least effective neural network in its ability to classify images containing weeds. However, there was no difference among the different neural networks in their ability to differentiate between broadleaf and grass weeds. The neural networks discussed herein may be used for scouting weed infestations in alfalfa and further integrated into the machine vision subsystem of smart sprayers for site-specific weed control.
The Mechanism for GNSS‐Based Kinematic Positioning Degradation at High‐Latitudes Under the March 2015 Great Storm
Authors: Nie Wenfeng , Rovira‐Garcia Adrià , Li Mowen , Fang Zhenlong , Wang Yong , Zheng Dunyong , Xu Tianhe
Published: June 2022

In this study, we focus on the kinematic precise point positioning (PPP) solutions at high‐latitudes during the March 2015 great geomagnetic storm. We aim to discover the mechanism behind the positioning degradation from the perspective of the impacts of the storm‐induced ionospheric disturbance on the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data processing. We observed that the phase scintillation dominated the amplitude scintillation at high‐latitudes and the variation pattern of the rate of total electron content index (ROTI) was consistent with that of the phase scintillation during the storm. The kinematic PPP errors at high‐latitudes were almost three times larger than those at the middle‐ and low‐latitude, which were accompanied by large ROTI variations. From the perspective of GNSS data processing, the large positioning errors were also found to be related to the large number of satellites experiencing cycle slips (CSs). Based on the lock time from the ionospheric scintillation monitoring receiver, we found that a large amount of the CSs was falsely detected under the conventional threshold of the CS detector. By increasing such threshold, the kinematic positioning accuracy at high‐latitudes can be improved to obtain similar magnitude as at middle‐ and low‐latitude. The improved positioning accuracy may suggest that the ionospheric disturbance induced by the geomagnetic storm at high‐latitudes has minor effects on triggering the CSs. Therefore, precise positioning can be achieved at high‐latitudes under geomagnetic storms, given that the CS problem is well addressed.
FutureStreams, a global dataset of future streamflow and water temperature
Authors: Bosmans Joyce , Wanders Niko , Bierkens Marc F. P. , Huijbregts Mark A. J. , Schipper Aafke M. , Barbarossa Valerio
Published: June 2022

There is growing evidence that climate change impacts ecosystems and socio-economic activities in freshwater environments. Consistent global data of projected streamflow and water temperature are key to global impact assessments, but such a dataset is currently lacking. Here we present FutureStreams, the first global dataset of projected future streamflow and water temperature for multiple climate scenarios (up to 2099) gridded at a 5 arcminute spatial resolution (~10 km at the equator), including recent past data (1976–2005) for comparison. We generated the data using global hydrological and water temperature models (PCR-GLOBWB, DynWat) forced with climate data from five general circulation models. We included four representative concentration pathways to cover multiple future greenhouse gas emission trajectories and associated changes in climate. Our dataset includes weekly streamflow and water temperature for each year as well as a set of derived indicators that are particularly relevant from an ecological perspective. FutureStreams provides a crucial starting point for large-scale assessments of the implications of changes in streamflow and water temperature for society and freshwater ecosystems.
Machine learning/molecular dynamic protein structure prediction approach to investigate the protein conformational ensemble
Authors: Audagnotto Martina , Czechtizky Werngard , De Maria Leonardo , Käck Helena , Papoian Garegin , Tornberg Lars , Tyrchan Christian , Ulander Johan
Published: June 2022

Proteins exist in several different conformations. These structural changes are often associated with fluctuations at the residue level. Recent findings show that co-evolutionary analysis coupled with machine-learning techniques improves the precision by providing quantitative distance predictions between pairs of residues. The predicted statistical distance distribution from Multi Sequence Analysis reveals the presence of different local maxima suggesting the flexibility of key residue pairs. Here we investigate the ability of the residue-residue distance prediction to provide insights into the protein conformational ensemble. We combine deep learning approaches with mechanistic modeling to a set of proteins that experimentally showed conformational changes. The predicted protein models were filtered based on energy scores, RMSD clustering, and the centroids selected as the lowest energy structure per cluster. These models were compared to the experimental-Molecular Dynamics (MD) relaxed structure by analyzing the backbone residue torsional distribution and the sidechain orientations. Our pipeline allows to retrieve the experimental structural dynamics experimentally represented by different X-ray conformations for the same sequence as well the conformational space observed with the MD simulations. We show the potential correlation between the experimental structure dynamics and the predicted model ensemble demonstrating the susceptibility of the current state-of-the-art methods in protein folding and dynamics prediction and pointing out the areas of improvement.
Potential fields and fluctuation-dissipation relations derived from human flow in urban areas modeled by a network of electric circuits
Authors: Shida Yohei , Ozaki Jun’ichi , Takayasu Hideki , Takayasu Misako
Published: June 2022

Owing to the big data the extension of physical laws on nonmaterial has seen numerous successes, and human mobility is one of the scientific frontier topics. Recent GPS technology has made it possible to trace detailed trajectories of millions of people, macroscopic approaches such as the gravity law for human flow between cities and microscopic approaches of individual origin-destination distributions are attracting much attention. However, we need a more general basic model with wide applicability to realize traffic forecasting and urban planning of metropolis fully utilizing the GPS data. Here, based on a novel idea of treating moving people as charged particles, we introduce a method to map macroscopic human flows into currents on an imaginary electric circuit defined over a metropolitan area. Conductance is found to be nearly proportional to the maximum current in each location and synchronized human flows in the morning and evening are well described by the temporal changes of electric potential. Surprisingly, the famous fluctuation-dissipation theorem holds, namely, the variances of currents are proportional to the conductivities akin to an ordinary material.
Differences in energy source storage in eye stalks between two species of stalk-eyed flies, Sphyracephala detrahens and Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni
Authors: Miki Aoi , Fukuda Risa , Takeda Koji , Moriya Ayano , Kamimura Yoshitaka , Lee Chow-Yang , Adachi-Yamada Takashi
Published: June 2022

Some diopsid flies have sexually dimorphic eye stalks that are assumed to require considerable nutrition for growth but are advantageous in competition and courtship. According to the handicap theory, the eye span in some dimorphic species serves as a reliable signal of individual quality to an opponent. However, it is not well understood how well eye span represents energy source storage. In this study, we focused on two species:Sphyracephala detrahens, which has weak dimorphism, andCyrtodiopsis dalmanni, which has moderate dimorphism. We found that the eye stalks of the former species contained more fat bodies than those of the latter species. When the flies were starved, the fat body cells in the eye stalks underwent autophagy. A strong positive correlation was consistently found between eye span and starvation tolerance forS. detrahens, while a weak correlation was found forC. dalmanni. Furthermore, starvation decreased the contest winning rate betweenS. detrahenspairs with similar eye spans. These findings suggest that the presentation of resource holding potential may be larger than the actual storage ability and that the fidelity of nutritional storage signaling varies; the signal presented byS. detrahensis more reliable than that presented byC. dalmanni.
Socioenvironmental conflicts and social representations surrounding mining extractivism at Santurban
Authors: Zárate-Rueda Ruth , Beltrán-Villamizar Yolima Ivonne , Murallas-Sánchez Daniella
Published: June 2022

During the process of delimitation of the Santurban moorland ecosystem (Colombia), a socioenvironmental conflict arose from small and large-scale mining extractivism. This study analyzes the social representations of settlers in this moorland ecosystem, regarding the meaning, practice and value of their territory and water as a vital resource, in order to interpret their perceptions on the internal dynamics of conflict and the different aspects symbolizing their complexity. An ethnographic design was implemented by NVIVO software information coding. The findings underscore the uncertainty of rural stakeholders facing the impossibility to continue to develop ancestral mining activities and the disputes arising from the urban setting for the defense of water. It was concluded that the socioenvironmental conflict presented requires ongoing participation from rural and urban settlers, in consideration to their permanent questions regarding the current situation in their regions and the permanent search for solutions.
Comparative evaluation of biomedical and phytochemical applications of zinc nanoparticles by using Fagonia cretica extracts
Authors: Kiani Bushra Hafeez , Ikram Fizza , Fatima Humaira , Alhodaib Aiyeshah , Haq Ihsan-ul- , Ur-Rehman Tofeeq , Naz Iffat
Published: June 2022

The use of the green approach for nanoparticle synthesis yielded noticeable concern due to its eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and reduced production of toxic chemicals. The current study was designed to formulate Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by using Fagonia cretica extracts, evaluating its phytochemical content, and different biological activities. Four different solvents; methanol (MeOH), n-Hexane (n–H), aqueous (Aq), and ethyl acetate (EA), had been utilized in the extracting method. ZnO NPs were successfully synthesized and characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The UV–vis spectra showed absorbance peaks between 350–400 nm range and SEM analysis revealed spherical morphology with particle sizes ranging from 65–80 nm. In phytochemical analysis, crude extracts exhibited the highest phytochemical content as they contain enriched secondary metabolites. n-hexane extract showed the highest phenolic contents while aqueous extracts showed the highest flavonoid content. Maximum free radicle scavenging activity was observed in NPs synthesized from ethyl-acetate extract with an IC50 value of 35.10 µg/ml. Significant antibacterial activity was exhibited by NPs polar solvents against K. pneumonae, E. coli, and B. subtilis. Polar solvents showed considerable antifungal potential against A. flavus and F. solani. NPs synthesized from nH extract showed potential cytotoxic activity with an LC50 value of 42.41 µg/ml against brine shrimps. A noteworthy antidiabetic activity was exhibited by nanoparticles synthesized from methanol extract i.e., 52.61 ± 0.36%. Significant bald zones were observed in nanoparticles synthesized from methanol extract rendering protein kinase inhibition. The present study highlights the significance of F. indica as a natural source for synthesizing functional nanoparticles with substantial antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, protein kinase inhibitory, and antidiabetic properties.
Cytotoxic effects of targeted agent alone or with chemotherapy in the treatment of adenoid cystic carcinoma: a preclinical study
Authors: Savarese Teresa , Abate Andrea , Basnet Ram Manohar , Lorini Luigi , Gurizzan Cristina , Tomasoni Michele , Lombardi Davide , Tomasini Davide , Zizioli Daniela , Memo Maurizio , Berruti Alfredo , Bonini Sara A. , Sigala Sandra , Bossi Paolo
Published: June 2022

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy characterized by high incidence of relapse. When relapsing, ACC has an indolent but relentless behaviour, thus leading to a poor long-term prognosis. The treatment of choice of relapsing ACC remains surgery followed by radiotherapy, whenever feasible. Therapeutic weapons are limited to systemic drugs. The most widely used chemotherapy regimen is the combination of cisplatin and doxorubicin, however with low response rate and not long lasting; there is also a lack of alternatives for second line therapies in case of disease progression. Therefore, a more comprehensive strategy aimed at identifying at preclinical level the most promising drugs or combination is clearly needed. In this study, the cytotoxic effects of two standard chemotherapy drugs, cisplatin and doxorubicin, and of five targeted therapy-drugs was tested in vitro, on an h-TERT immortalized ACC cell line, and in vivo, on zebrafish embryos with ACC tumoral cell xenograft. Then, combinations of one standard chemotherapy drug plus one targeted therapy drug were also evaluated, in order to find the best treatment strategy for ACC. Data obtained demonstrated that both vorinostat and olaparib significantly increased the standard chemotherapy cytotoxic effects, suggesting new interesting therapeutic options for ACC.
Assessment of cortical inhibition depends on inter individual differences in the excitatory neural populations activated by transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Cerins Andris , Corp Daniel , Opie George , Do Michael , Speranza Bridgette , He Jason , Barhoun Pamela , Fuelscher Ian , Enticott Peter , Hyde Christian
Published: June 2022

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is used to probe inhibitory intracortical neurotransmission and has been used to infer the neurobiological dysfunction that may underly several neurological disorders. One technique, short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), indexes gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediated inhibitory activity and is a promising biomarker. However emerging evidence suggests SICI does not exclusively represent GABAergic activity because it may be influenced by inter-individual differences in the specific excitatory neural populations activated by TMS. Here we used the latency of TMS motor evoked potentials (MEPs) to index these inter-individual differences, and found that a significant proportion of the observed variability in SICI magnitude was accounted for by MEP latency, r = − 0.57, r2 = 0.33, p = .014. We conclude that SICI is influenced by inter-individual differences in the excitatory neural populations activated by TMS, reducing the precision of this GABAergic probe. Interpreting SICI measures in the context of MEP latency may facilitate a more precise assessment of GABAergic intracortical inhibition. The reduced cortical inhibition observed in some neuropathologies could be influenced by reduced activity in specific excitatory neural populations. Including MEP latency assessment in research investigating SICI in clinical groups could assist in differentiating the cortical circuits impacted by neurological disorders.
Selection of start codon during mRNA scanning in eukaryotic translation initiation
Authors: Basu Ipsita , Gorai Biswajit , Chandran Thyageshwar , Maiti Prabal K. , Hussain Tanweer
Published: June 2022

Accurate and high-speed scanning and subsequent selection of the correct start codon are important events in protein synthesis. Eukaryotic mRNAs have long 5′ UTRs that are inspected for the presence of a start codon by the ribosomal 48S pre-initiation complex (PIC). However, the conformational state of the 48S PIC required for inspecting every codon is not clearly understood. Here, atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and energy calculations suggest that the scanning conformation of 48S PIC may reject all but 4 (GUG, CUG, UUG and ACG) of the 63 non-AUG codons, and initiation factor eIF1 is crucial for this discrimination. We provide insights into the possible role of initiation factors eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2α and eIF2β in scanning. Overall, the study highlights how the scanning conformation of ribosomal 48S PIC acts as a coarse selectivity checkpoint for start codon selection and scans long 5′ UTRs in eukaryotic mRNAs with accuracy and high speed.
High-throughput computational screening of nanoporous materials in targeted applications
Authors: Ren Emmanuel , Guilbaud Philippe , Coudert François-Xavier
Published: June 2022

Given the large number of known and hypothetical nanoporous materials, high-throughput computational screening is an efficient method to identify the current best-performing materials and to guide the design of future materials.
Efficient transfer hydrogenation of ketones using molybdenum complexes by comprehensively verifying the auxiliary ligands
Authors: Wang Zheng , Liu Yahuan , Han Mingyang , Ma Ning , Lyu Quanming , Liu Qingbin , Sun Wen-Hua
Published: June 2022

Carbonylmolybdenum complexes are synthesized and characterized. In combination with NaBHEt3 and NaOH, these complexes prove to be robust and versatile catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of various ketones into their corresponding alcohols.
Balancing the interplay between ligand ejection and therapeutic window light absorption in ruthenium polypyridyl complexes
Authors: McCullough Annie B. , Chen Jiaqi , Valentine Nathaniel P. , Franklin Toney M. , Cantrell Andrew P. , Darnell Vayda M. , Qureshi Qasim , Hanson Kenneth , Shell Steven M. , Ashford Dennis L.
Published: June 2022

Photoinduced ligand ejection and emission studies reveal an interplay between therapeutic window absorption and accessing the dissociative 3dd* states required for anti-cancer activity in Ru(ii) complexes designed to mimic photochemotherapeutics.
Manipulating time-dependent size distribution of sulfur quantum dots and their fluorescence sensing for ascorbic acid
Authors: Wei Zitong , Lu Wenyi , Pan Caiwen , Ni Jiping , Zhao Haiyun , Huang Guoyong , Wang Chunxia
Published: June 2022

Sulfur quantum dots, prepared in the presence of ethanol via one-pot solvothermal approach display time-dependent photoluminescence properties and size variation which was verified by the etching-aggregation process and was subsequently employed for fluorescent sensing.
S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine grafted silicone oil for antibacterial interface applications
Authors: Qian Yun , Chug Manjyot Kaur , Massoumi Hamed , Brisbois Elizabeth J.
Published: June 2022

The NO-releasing silicone oil (SNAP–Si) was synthesized and infused on a silicone rubber surface, creating a NO-releasing and antimicrobial biointerface that demonstrated its potential to address medical device infection challenges.
High intrinsic thermally conductivity side-chain liquid crystalline polysiloxane films grafted with pendent difunctional mesogenic groups
Authors: Zheng Xiaole , Zhan Yingjie , Liu Yingchun , Lu Maoping , Jiao Enxiang , Zhang Hangzhen , Shi Jun , Lu Mangeng , Wu Kun
Published: June 2022

Herein, the microscopic ordered aggregation morphologies of SCLCP films are investigated, and molecular structures with regular arrangement can increase heat transfer via suppressing the scattering of phonons, thus greatly improving the λ of SCLCPs.
Comparing interfacial cation hydration at catalytic active sites and spectator sites on gold electrodes: understanding structure sensitive CO2 reduction kinetics
Authors: Rebstock Jaclyn A. , Zhu Quansong , Baker L. Robert
Published: June 2022

Site-specific vibrational probes were used to elucidate the interfacial solvation structure between catalytic active sites and inactive sites on a Au electrode to reveal a unique, opposing cation-dependent double layer structure at active sites.
Cobalt-catalyzed chemoselective dehydrogenation through radical translocation under visible light
Authors: Yu Wan-Lei , Ren Zi-Gang , Ma Ke-Xing , Yang Hui-Qing , Yang Jun-Jie , Zheng Haixue , Wu Wangsuo , Xu Peng-Fei
Published: June 2022

The dehydrogenative reactions proceeded through selective 1,n-hydrogen atom transfer (n = 5–7) for remote C–H activation by cobaloxime catalysis.
Discrete palladium clusters that consist of two mutually bisecting perpendicular planes
Authors: Kojima Naoya , Kato Misaki , Sunada Yusuke
Published: June 2022

The construction of Pd7Sn4 and Pd8Ge6 clusters that consist of two mutually bisecting perpendicular planes was accomplished by the reaction of [Pd(CNtBu)2]3 with Me3Sn–SnMe2–SnMe3 or Ge6Me12.
Recent advances in multi-mechanism design of crack-resistant hydrogels
Authors: Huang Yifan , Yu Deshuai , Fu Cong , Guo Rongrong , Wu Chenxu , Lin Youhui
Published: June 2022

Conventional hydrogels are easily fractured during deformation. To circumvent this problem, substantial efforts have been made to design crack-resistant hydrogels. Herein, recent progress in constructing such hydrogels is comprehensively reviewed.
Reinforcement‐learning‐based load shedding and intentional voltage manipulation approach in a microgrid considering load dynamics
Authors: Horri Ramin , Mahdinia Roudsari Hossein
Published: June 2022

In the case of a power mismatch in an island microgrid (MG), sharp variations occur in the frequency and voltages due to the low inertia and stochastic behaviour of distributed generation units and loads. Load shedding (LS) is the last corrective measure to achieve frequency regulation. A Q‐learning‐based under‐frequency LS (QLLS) approach is proposed, in which the MG model is considered a grey box. Hence, the dependence of the proposed method on the grid model is minimized. The presented approach considers four main characteristics of the loads, including priority, dynamics, outage cost, and daily variations. In addition, to reduce the amount of the shed load, a supplementary intentional voltage manipulation (IVM) algorithm is presented that exploits the voltage dependency of loads as leverage to help frequency regulation. The proposed QLLS/IVM uses the observable MG states to find a corrective course of action to achieve frequency and voltage stability while keeping the under‐frequency load shedding price as low as possible. The performance of the proposed QLLS/IVM approach is tested on the modified IEEE 37‐node MG, and the results show feasibility, fast and optimal performance of the proposed algorithm.
High voltage direct current transmission cables to help decarbonisation in Europe: Recent achievements and issues
Authors: Mazzanti Giovanni
Published: June 2022

High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) underground and submarine cables constitute an essential technology for the long‐distance transmission of renewable electrical power with low losses, thereby fostering decarbonisation. In the past 2 decades, all this yielded a quasi‐exponential rise of HVDC cable systems installed worldwide, but has also made the working conditions of HVDC cables harsher. In this paper, the contribution of HVDC cables to decarbonisation is tackled, with particular reference to the situation in Europe, and a few simple calculations showing in general terms the quantitative contribution provided by HVDC cable systems to decarbonisation are given. Then, the major issues towards long‐lasting and reliable HVDC cable systems are summarised briefly, focussing—for the sake of brevity—on the influence of the main HVDC cable technologies, of cable laying environment and of duty service. Some hints are also provided at the chances given by multiterminal HVDC systems.
A novel hashing scheme via image feature map and 2D PCA
Authors: Liang Xiaoping , Tang Zhenjun , Li Sheng , Yu Chunqiang , Zhang Xianquan
Published: June 2022

Hashing scheme is a high‐efficiency technique for processing massive images. Two critical metrics of the hashing scheme are discrimination and robustness, but most schemes do not get satisfied classification performance between them. This paper proposes a novel hashing scheme via image feature map and 2D PCA. First, the proposed scheme extracts local phase quantization (LPQ) features in the frequency domain and local ternary pattern (LTP) features in the spatial domain, and combines them to construct an image feature map. Second, the proposed scheme conducts dimension reduction via 2D PCA for learning features from the image feature map. Last, the learned features are compressed to generate the hash sequence. Performances are tested on open image datasets. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can make a good balance between discrimination and robustness. In addition, the classification and copy detection of the proposed scheme are both superior to those of some famous hashing schemes.
Finite‐time stability of singular multi‐agent systems with input time‐varying delay and non‐linear dynamics via non‐fragile controller
Authors: Xia Chao Yu , Wang Chao Li , Li Lin
Published: June 2022

This paper deals with the finite‐time stability problem of non‐linear singular multi‐agent systems subject to controller gain disturbance via a distributed non‐fragile controller. The existing literature on this problem only applies to normal multi‐agent systems, or ignores the possible change of control gain in the practical application of the controller, or requires that there is no time‐varying delay in the control input. How to tackle the finite‐time stability problem of singular multi‐agent systems by considering input time‐varying delay, Lipschitz non‐linear dynamics and controller gain perturbation simultaneously is an open issue. In order to solve this problem, a distributed non‐fragile controller is proposed for each agent to make the finite‐time stability problem solved for any connected undirected connection topology. With the help of a Linear matrix inequality and a Lyapunov integral appropriate expression, the difficulty caused by the irreversibility of singular system matrices is solved. Then, a sufficient condition to ensure the finite‐time stability of the closed‐loop system is obtained for the singular multi‐agent system including controller disturbance, input–output delay and non‐linear dynamics. Finally, two numerical examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Extra-tidal star candidates in globular clusters of the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy
Authors: Kundu Richa , Navarrete Camila , Sbordone Luca , Carballo-Bello Julio A. , Fernández-Trincado José G. , Minniti Dante , Singh Harinder P.
Published: June 2022

Context.Globular clusters (GCs) associated with the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy (Sgr dSph) have evolved under the gravitational potential of both Sgr dSph and the Milky Way. The effects of these potentials are most pronounced in the extra-tidal regions as compared to the central regions of the GCs.

Aims.We aim to study the extra-tidal regions of the GCs that are possibly associated with Sgr dSph, namely Arp 2, Terzan 8, NGC 5634, NGC 6284, Terzan 7, NGC 2419, NGC 4147, M 54 and Pal 12, using data from theGaiaearly data release 3.

Methods.We selected the extra-tidal candidates based on their angular distances from the cluster centre in the RA-Dec plane, proper motions of the clusters and the individual extra-tidal star candidates, and their positions on the colour-magnitude diagrams of the clusters.

Results.We found extra-tidal candidates for the nine studied GCs. For eight of them, the surface density of candidate extra-tidal stars in the vicinity of the clusters is in significant excess with respect to more distant surrounding fields. No extended extra-tidal features beyond 5 tidal radii were detected for any of the clusters.

Conclusions.We publish a list of the most probable extra-tidal candidates that we determined usingGaiaastrometric and photometric data. Our analysis shows that the clusters that are associated with Sgr dSph are more likely affected by the gravitational potential of the Sgr, as the distribution of extra-tidal stars is elongated in the same direction as the local stream. NGC 4147 is the only exception. We found some high-probability candidate extra-tidal stars in several of the analysed clusters. We failed to detect any coherent large-scale tidal tail around them.
Detailed stellar activity analysis and modelling of GJ 832
Authors: Gorrini P. , Astudillo-Defru N. , Dreizler S. , Damasso M. , Díaz R. F. , Bonfils X. , Jeffers S. V. , Barnes J. R. , Del Sordo F. , Almenara J.-M. , Artigau E. , Bouchy F. , Charbonneau D. , Delfosse X. , Doyon R. , Figueira P. , Forveille T. , Haswell C. A. , López-González M. J. , Melo C. , Mennickent R. E. , Gaisné G. , Morales N. Morales , Murgas F. , Pepe F. , Rodríguez E. , Santos N. C. , Tal-Or L. , Tsapras Y. , Udry S.
Published: June 2022

Context. Gliese-832 (GJ 832) is an M2V star hosting a massive planet on a decade-long orbit, GJ 832b, discovered by radial velocity (RV). Later, a super Earth or mini-Neptune orbiting within the stellar habitable zone was reported (GJ 832c). The recently determined stellar rotation period (45.7 ± 9.3 days) is close to the orbital period of putative planet c (35.68 ± 0.03 days).

Aims. We aim to confirm or dismiss the planetary nature of the RV signature attributed to GJ 832c, by adding 119 new RV data points, new photometric data, and an analysis of the spectroscopic stellar activity indicators. Additionally, we update the orbital parameters of the planetary system and search for additional signals.

Methods. We performed a frequency content analysis of the RVs to search for periodic and stable signals. Radial velocity time series were modelled with Keplerians and Gaussian process (GP) regressions alongside activity indicators to subsequently compare them within a Bayesian framework.

Results. We updated the stellar rotational period of GJ 832 from activity indicators, obtaining 37.5+1.4-1.5 days, improving the precision by a factor of 6. The new photometric data are in agreement with this value. We detected an RV signal near 18 days (FAP < 4.6%), which is half of the stellar rotation period. Two Keplerians alone fail at modelling GJ 832b and a second planet with a 35-day orbital period. Moreover, the Bayesian evidence from the GP analysis of the RV data with simultaneous activity indices prefers a model without a second Keplerian, therefore negating the existence of planet c.
Fornax3D project: Assembly history of massive early-type galaxies in the Fornax cluster from deep imaging and integral field spectroscopy
Authors: Spavone M. , Iodice E. , D’Ago G. , van de Ven G. , Morelli L. , Corsini E. M. , Sarzi M. , Coccato L. , Fahrion K. , Falcón-Barroso J. , Gadotti D. A. , Lyubenova M. , Martín-Navarro I. , McDermid R. M. , Pinna F. , Pizzella A. , Poci A. , de Zeeuw P. T. , Zhu L.
Published: June 2022

This work is based on high-quality integral-field spectroscopic data obtained with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) on the Very Large Telescope (VLT). The 21 brightest (mB ≤ 15 mag) early-type galaxies (ETGs) inside the virial radius of the Fornax cluster are observed out to distances of ∼2−3 Re. Deep imaging from the VLT Survey Telescope (VST) is also available for the sample ETGs. We investigated the variation of the galaxy structural properties as a function of the total stellar mass and cluster environment. Moreover, we correlated the size scales of the luminous components derived from a multi-component decomposition of the VST surface-brightness radial profiles of the sample ETGs with the MUSE radial profiles of stellar kinematic and population properties. The results are compared with both theoretical predictions and previous observational studies and used to address the assembly history of the massive ETGs of the Fornax cluster. We find that galaxies in the core and north-south clump of the cluster, which have the highest accreted mass fraction, show milder metallicity gradients in their outskirts than the galaxies infalling into the cluster. We also find a segregation in both age and metallicity between the galaxies belonging to the core and north-south clump and the infalling galaxies. The new findings fit well within the general framework for the assembly history of the Fornax cluster.
The GAPS Programme at TNG
Authors: Nardiello D. , Malavolta L. , Desidera S. , Baratella M. , D’Orazi V. , Messina S. , Biazzo K. , Benatti S. , Damasso M. , Rajpaul V. M. , Bonomo A. S. , Capuzzo Dolcetta R. , Mallonn M. , Cale B. , Plavchan P. , El Mufti M. , Bignamini A. , Borsa F. , Carleo I. , Claudi R. , Covino E. , Lanza A. F. , Maldonado J. , Mancini L. , Micela G. , Molinari E. , Pinamonti M. , Piotto G. , Poretti E. , Scandariato G. , Sozzetti A. , Andreuzzi G. , Boschin W. , Cosentino R. , Fiorenzano A. F. M. , Harutyunyan A. , Knapic C. , Pedani M. , Affer L. , Maggio A. , Rainer M.
Published: June 2022

Context. Great strides have been made in recent years in the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the formation and evolution of planetary systems. Despite this, many observational findings have not yet been corroborated by astrophysical explanations. A fine contribution to the study of planetary formation processes comes from the study of young, low-mass planets, with short orbital periods (<100 days). In the last three years, the NASA/TESS satellite has identified many planets of this kind and their characterization is clearly necessary in order to understand how they formed and evolved.

Aims. Within the framework of the Global Architecture of Planetary System (GAPS) project, we performed a validation and characterization (radius and mass) of the ultra-short period planet TOI-1807 b, which orbits its young host star BD+39 2643 (~300 Myr) in only 13 h. This is the youngest ultra-short period planet discovered so far.

Methods. Thanks to a joint modeling of the stellar activity and planetary signals in the TESS light curve and in new HARPS-N radial-velocity measurements, combined with accurate estimation of stellar parameters, we validated the planetary nature of TOI-1807 b and measured its orbital and physical parameters.

Results. By using astrometric, photometric, and spectroscopic observations, we found that BD+39 2643 is a young, active K dwarf star and a member of a 300 ± 80 Myr old moving group. Furthermore, it rotates in Prot = 8.8 ± 0.1 days. This star hosts an ultra-short period planet, exhibiting an orbital period of only Pb = 0.54937 ± 0.00001 days. Thanks to the exquisite photometric and spectroscopic series, along with the accurate information on its stellar activity, we measured both the radius and the mass of TOI-1807 b with high precision, obtaining PP,b = 1.37 ± 0.09 R⊕ and MP,b = 2.57 ± 0.50 M⊕. These planet parameters correspond to a rocky planet with an Earth-like density (ρb = 1.0 ± 0.3 ρ⊕) and no extended H/He envelope. From the analysis of the age-RP distribution for planets with well measured ages, we inferred that TOI-1807 b may have already lost a large part of its atmosphere over the course of its 300 Myr lifetime.
Product rollover and direct sales decisions in dual-channel supply chains
Authors: Hsieh Chung-Chi , Putera Rizki Revianto
Published: June 2022

This study investigates product rollover and direct sales decisions in a supply chain with one fashion manufacturer and one retailer when two style generations are sequentially introduced to the market over two periods. The retailer serves as the exclusive sales channel during the introductory period of a style generation. Both the retailer and manufacturer are capable of selling the old style generation in the second period. The retailer adopts dual rollover if she sells the old style generation, and single rollover if she does not. We develop a two-stage game to explore the chain members’ equilibrium decisions while accounting for the manufacturer’s cost inefficiency in direct sales and consumers’ mental account deficit. We find that the manufacturer’s cost inefficiency has double-edged effects and can offset the negative effect of consumers’ mental account deficit on the introduction of a new style generation. Furthermore, a win–win outcome can be achieved when the manufacturer with an intermediate level of cost inefficiency engages in direct sales and consumers have high valuations of the old style generation or when the manufacturer with significant cost inefficiency does not engage in direct sales.
Editorial
Authors: Gaulke Ralph
Published: June 2022

Liebe Leser der aktuellen Rheumatologie,

Sie halten das aktuelle Heft zum Thema Chirurgie des arthritischen und arthrotischen
Fußes in Händen. Aufgrund dessen, dass nur ca. 1–2 %
der Bevölkerung an einer entzündlich-rheumatische Erkrankung leidet,
resultiert die Mehrzahl der Veränderungen des Fußes aus
degenerativen und posttraumatischen Erkrankungen, welche nicht-entzündlicher
Genese sind.
Theranostics bei gut bis mäßig differenzierten GEP-NEN
Authors: Hartrampf Philipp , Werner Rudolf , Buck Andreas
Published: June 2022

Neuroendokrine Neoplasien (NEN) sind seltene, heterogene und typischerweise langsam wachsende Tumoren. Die häufigsten Lokalisationen finden sich im gastro-entero-pankreatischen System
(GEP-NEN). NENs werden nach proliferativer Aktivität (Ki-67-Index) eingeteilt (G1–3). Gut differenzierte Tumoren exprimieren dabei typischerweise Somatostatinrezeptoren (SSTR), die als
Zielstruktur in der nuklearmedizinischen Theranostik dienen. Bei diesem Prinzip kann nach einer diagnostischen molekularen Bildgebung, meist mittels
Positronenemissionstomografie/Computertomografie (PET/CT), eine individuell zugeschnittene Peptidradiorezeptortherapie (PRRT) mit einem β-Strahler-markierten Radiopharmakon erfolgen. In
Metaanalysen zeigte die Diagnostik mittels SSTR-gerichteter PET/CT eine Sensitivität von 93% und eine Spezifität von 96%. Die SSTR-gerichtete Diagnostik kann auch zur radioaktiven Markierung
von Tumoren verwendet werden, um eine zielgerichtete Chirurgie zu ermöglichen. Die Indikation zur Einleitung einer PRRT soll stets in einer interdisziplinären Tumorkonferenz getroffen
werden. Ein Tumorprogress unter der vorangegangenen Therapie sollte dokumentiert sein. Die Therapie wird intravenös und insgesamt 4-mal in 8-wöchigem Abstand in spezialisierten
nuklearmedizinischen Zentren verabreicht. Die Wirksamkeit der PRRT wurde in der NETTER-1-Studie prospektiv untersucht und konnte eine signifikante Verbesserung des progressionsfreien
Überlebens (primärer Endpunkt) zeigen. Ausgehend von diesen Studienergebnissen steht mit Lutathera (177Lu-DOTATATE) inzwischen ein in Deutschland zugelassenes Radiopharmazeutikum zu
Behandlung von nicht resektablen oder metastasierten bzw. progredienten, gut differenzierten (G1 und G2), SSTR-positiven GEP-NEN zur Verfügung.
Basic Gynecologic Ultrasound Examination (Level I): DEGUM, ÖGUM, and SGUM Recommendations
Authors: Grab Dieter , Merz Eberhard , Eichhorn Karl-Heinz , Tutschek Boris , Kagan Karl Oliver , Heling Kai-Sven , Faber Renaldo , Klaritsch Philipp , Rempen Andreas , Kähler Christiane , Henrich Wolfgang , Manegold-Brauer Gwendolin , Helmy Samir , Hoopmann Markus
Published: June 2022

Ultrasound has become an essential diagnostic tool in gynecology, and every practicing gynecologist must be able to differentiate normal from pathologic findings, such as benign or malignant pelvic masses, adnexal torsion, pelvic inflammation disease, endometriosis, ectopic pregnancies, and congenital uterine malformations at least on a basic level. A standardized approach to the correct settings of the ultrasound system, the indications for gynecologic ultrasound investigations, and the sonographic appearance of normal anatomy and common pathologic findings in the standard planes are important prerequisites for safe and confident clinical management of gynecologic patients. Based on current publications and different national and international guidelines, updated DEGUM, ÖGUM, and SGUM recommendations for the performance of basic gynecologic ultrasound examinations were established.
Understanding State-Level Advocacy: A Guide for Hearing Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Roman Aaron M.
Published: June 2022

Advocacy is a core component of moving the hearing healthcare environment forward to optimize patient care and allow providers to work to the full extent of their scope of practice. Despite its importance, advocacy, particularly at the level of state governments, can present to many as a daunting, sometimes futile, task. The purpose of this article is to describe advocating at the state level for hearing healthcare service providers. This article will discuss considerations for audiology practitioners interested in state-level advocacy, including variations in state government organization, benefits and barriers to state advocacy, and state-level issues that affect practitioners.
Defining Audiology through Occupational and Health Policy Action
Authors: Miller Erin L. , Jilla Anna Marie , Arnold Michelle L.
Published: June 2022

Many barriers to accessibility exist for Medicare beneficiaries seeking hearing and balance care such as availability of providers, coverage for services, and ability to pay. Other statutory and administrative barriers exist including the need for physician orders to have audiology services covered, the classification of audiologists as suppliers of “other diagnostic tests” under Medicare payer policy, and non-coverage of certain audiologic management and treatment services. Nearly two decades of legislative efforts have not resulted in any substantial changes to U.S. health policy, while the need for audiology services has increased due to a growing demographic of older adults. The Medicare Audiologist Access and Services Act (MAASA) has been introduced in the 116th and 117th Congress and proposes amendments to the Social Security Act that would address statutory barriers to accessing hearing and balance care among Medicare beneficiaries and would recognize audiologists for their scope of practice within the Medicare program. Objectives of the present review are to provide a summary of statutes in the Social Security Act and Standard Occupational Classification system which affect audiologists, audiology services, and Medicare beneficiaries and to discuss previous and current legislative health policy efforts to address these statutory barriers to hearing and balance care access.