bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complete plastomes of Engelhardia provide insights into evolution and phylogeny of Juglandaceae species
Authors: Huang Yue , Jin Xin-Jie , Zhang Can-Yu , Li Pan , Meng Hong-Hu , Zhang Yong-Hua
Published: April 2024

Background Engelhardia
(Juglandaceae) is a genus of significant ecological and economic importance, prevalent in the tropics and subtropics of East Asia. Although previous efforts based on multiple molecular markers providing profound insights into species delimitation and phylogeography of Engelhardia, the maternal genome evolution and phylogeny of Engelhardia in Juglandaceae still need to be comprehensively evaluated. In this study, we sequenced plastomes from 14 samples of 8 Engelhardia species and the outgroup Rhoiptelea chiliantha, and incorporated published data from 36 Juglandaceae and 6 outgroup species to test phylogenetic resolution. Moreover, comparative analyses of the plastomes were conducted to investigate the plastomes evolution of Engelhardia and the whole Juglandaceae family.
Results
The 13 Engelhardia plastomes were highly similar in genome size, gene content, and order. They exhibited a typical quadripartite structure, with lengths from 161,069 bp to 162,336 bp. Three mutation hotspot regions (TrnK-rps16, ndhF-rpl32, and ycf1) could be used as effective molecular markers for further phylogenetic analyses and species identification. Insertion and deletion (InDels) may be an important driving factor for the evolution of plastomes in Juglandoideae and Engelhardioideae. A total of 10 codons were identified as the optimal codons in Juglandaceae. The mutation pressure mostly contributed to shaping codon usage. Seventy-eight protein-coding genes in Juglandaceae experienced relaxed purifying selection, only rpl22 and psaI genes showed positive selection (Ka/Ks > 1). Phylogenetic results fully supported Engelhardia as a monophyletic group including two sects and the division of Juglandaceae into three subfamilies. The Engelhardia originated in the Late Cretaceous and diversified in the Late Eocene, and Juglandaceae originated in the Early Cretaceous and differentiated in Middle Cretaceous. The phylogeny and divergence times didn’t support rapid radiation occurred in the evolution history of Engelhardia.
Conclusion
Our study fully supported the taxonomic treatment of at the section for Engelhardia species and three subfamilies for Juglandaceae and confirmed the power of phylogenetic resolution using plastome sequences. Moreover, our results also laid the foundation for further studying the course, tempo and mode of plastome evolution of Engelhardia and the whole Juglandaceae family.
Variable Selection Patterns Associated with Constitutive and GxE Effects for Grain Yield in a Locally Adapted Soybean Population
Authors: Hyten David , Happ Mary , Graef George , Howard Reka
Published: April 2024

It is widely accepted that artificial selection has reduced the overall amount of genetic variation present for most modern crops, including soybeans. How traits with a complex genetic architecture, such as yield, may experience selection pressure differently in accordance with the diverse combination of constitutive and environmentally interactive components, is still unclear. We used data from multi environment yield trials in an elite soybean breeding program along with public sequencing data from other populations to assess the effect of selection among varying combinations of effect types. Genomic regions with higher genetic diversity and lower divergence were significantly associated with higher GxE variance but not constitutive variance, indicating selection is relaxed at these loci. Among GxE effect types we found prominent evidence for both negative and positive selection, and a markedly higher level of selection signatures at conditionally neutral loci, illustrating the complicated nature of response to selection for soybean yield.
Research on Terminal Visit Plan Formulation Method Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Zhao Kuo , Zhang Huajian , Li Jiaxin , Wang Zaoqi , Pan Zhenxin , Zhang Zhongfei
Published: April 2024

This paper addresses the complex optimization challenge of terminal visit plan formulation faced by Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) companies, focusing on reducing operational costs and enhancing employee visit efficiency. Given the large and uneven distribution of terminal stores, relying solely on manual planning or traditional optimization algorithms proves inefficient and costly for both long-term task decomposition and short-term route planning in visit schedules. The study initially tackles the spatial and temporal load balancing issue in the long-term task decomposition phase, where traditional clustering algorithms like k-means fall short. It introduces an improved multi-level KNN-Cluster algorithm, an advanced composite clustering approach that integrates time features with traditional clustering methods, aiming to balance the workload of sales representatives. The algorithm’s effectiveness is verified through experiments against conventional clustering approaches. Addressing the short-term route planning challenge, an NP-hard problem, the study proposes a deep reinforcement learning algorithm based on a policy evaluation network. This algorithm, designed around the Transformer model, models the terminal visit route planning as a sequence-to-sequence problem, analyzing state, action, and reward functions from a reinforcement learning perspective. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed algorithm's capability to effectively solve this problem, outperforming traditional algorithms in terms of solution speed and quality.
“It’s Different Here” Afghan Refugee Maternal Health Experiences in the United States
Authors: Worabo Heidi , Safi Fatima , Gill Sara , Farokhi Moshtagh
Published: April 2024

Background: The number of Afghan families in the U.S. has grown over the past two decades, yet there is a paucity of research focused on their healthcare experiences. Afghan families have one of the highest fertility rates in the world and typically have large families. As the U.S. faces rising maternal mortality rates, it is crucial to understand factors that affect health outcomes for culturally distinct groups. We aimed to better understand Afghan women’s experiences of giving birth in the U.S. and to identify protective and risk factors that affect Afghan women’s reproductive health.
Methods: Twenty Afghan women who had given birth in the U.S. within the past two years participated in audio-recorded interviews. The first and second authors conducted each interview using a semi-structured interview guide. The authors used a deductive, in vivo coding method to analyze the transcribed narrative data.
Results: We identified three over-arching categories with corresponding sub-categories: 1) Healthcare: pregnancy, birthing, and postpartum, 2) Culture: communication, husband, and family, 3) Access to Care: transportation, financial, and insurance. The participants expressed perspectives of gratefulness and positive experiences, yet some described stories of poor birth outcomes that led to attitudes of mistrust and disappointment. Distinct cultural preferences were shared, providing invaluable insights for healthcare providers.
Conclusions: The fact that the Afghan culture is strikingly different than the U.S. mainstream culture can lead to stereotypical assumptions, poor communication, and poor health outcomes.
The voices of Afghan women should guide healthcare providers in delivering patient-centered, culturally sensitive maternity care that promotes healthy families and communities. The women’s stories highlight risk factors, including communication barriers, discordant cultural values, lack of social/community networks, and lack of transportation/healthcare navigation. The protective factors to nurture are attitudes of gratefulness and resilience, strong husband support, commitment to breastfeeding, openness to child spacing, and desire to learn more.
Prevalence of vaginal HPV Infection among 35-year age cohort ever-married women in Kalutara district of Sri Lanka and the feasibility of vaginal HPV/DNA specimen as a cervical cancer screening tool: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Perera KCM , Mapitigama KN , Abeysena HTCS
Published: April 2024

Background Cervical cancer is the 2nd most common female cancer among SriLankan female and is almost associated with sexually transmitted cervicovaginal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The study objective is to determine the prevalence of vaginal HPV infection among ever-married women.
Method A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from 1st of July 2018 to 30th November 2018. Ever-married women 35 years of age in Kalutara district were the study population. The cluster sampling method was used. Three women from each cluster (n=413) were selected by consecutive sampling technique. HPV/DNA cervical specimen and vaginal specimen collection (n=822) were carried out. Specimens were screened by the Cobas 4800 HPV/DNA automated Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) machine. Participants’ profiles were recorded by the Research Assistants by using an Interviewer Administered Questionnaire.
Results The overall prevalence of vaginal and cervical HPV infection was 7.08% (95% CI; 5.2%-9.4%) and 6.12% (95% CI; 4.26%-8.3%) respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), diagnostic accuracy and the kappa coefficient of the vaginal HPV/DNA screening method vs. cervical HPV/DNA screening method were 100%, 98.9%, 86.4%, 100%, 99% and 0.92 respectively.
Conclusions Primary health care provider collected vaginal HPV/DNA specimen screening method can be used in Sri Lanka to improve the coverage of clinic non-attendees.
Causal Links Between Circulating Immune Traits and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Bi- Directional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Xiang Xiaonan , Shi Zhixiong , Wang Jianguo , Xu Shengjun , Zhang Hui , Song Hongliang , Wang Shuai , Xu Xiao
Published: April 2024

Background
The intricate relationship between the immune system and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) profoundly shapes its occurrence, progress, treatment, and ultimate prognosis. While observational studies have uncovered robust correlations between circulating immune traits and HCC, the genetic basis underlying these immune traits and their potential causal connections to HCC remain unclear.
Methods
In this study, we employed on a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, leveraging publicly accessible genetic data, to explore the genetic links between immune traits and HCC. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to confirm the robustness of our findings, assess heterogeneity, and address potential horizontal pleiotropy.
Results
Our analysis revealed a pivotal role for 39 immune traits in modulating HCC risk. Specifically, we identified 10 immune cell types with elevated levels and 29 immune cell types with reduced levels that are associated with HCC occurrence. Furthermore, our investigation uncovered distinct causal effects of HCC on 11 immune traits.
Conclusion
This study sheds light on the genetic associations underlying the intricate interplay between systematic immune cell profiles and HCC. The identified immune traits not only deepen our understanding of HCC pathogenesis but also hold promising clinical implications. These findings offer insights into early diagnosis and immune-based therapeutic strategies, providing hope for improved clinical outcomes in this deadly malignancy.
Finding Moving-Band Statistical Arbitrages via Convex-Concave Optimization
Authors: Johansson Kasper , Schmelzer Thomas , Boyd Stephen
Published: April 2024

We propose a new method for finding statistical arbitrages that can contain more assets than just the traditional pair. We formulate the problem as seeking a portfolio with the highest volatility, subject to its price remaining in a band and a leverage limit. This optimization problem is not convex, but can be approximately solved using the convex-concave procedure, a specific sequential convex programming method. We show how the method generalizes to finding moving-band statistical arbitrages, where the price band midpoint varies over time.
Fe, Mn Content in Water of Non-Centralized Water Supply in the Tyumen Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Belyanovskaya Alexandra , Soldatova Evgenia , Krestyannikova Elizaveta
Published: April 2024

The article presents an approach that could be adapted for other regions or serve as an illustration of local geological anomalies. The methodology included analysis of Fe and Mn content, pH, total hardness and permanganate index of 159 water samples collected from the Tyumen urban agglomeration. These parameters were compared with published data on water composition from other regions of Russia. It was found that the tap water from the Tyumen urban agglomeration has a predominantly neutral pH (5-8); the average content of organic matter (according to permanganate index) is less than 5 ppm) in all considered objects. The average water hardness does not exceed the permissible values (6 ppm); the calculated Ca2+ - Mg2+ contents are 75 and 45 mg-eq/l respectively. The average concentration of iron in water from non-centralized water supply sources and private wells within the Tyumen agglomeration is 1.9 MPC (maximum permissible concentration), while manganese levels are at 1.2 MPC. The LCIA method was used to assess the impact of Fe and Mn on freshwater ecosystems. An increased risk of non-cancerous health effects in the population utilizing well water for drinking purposes was identified, due to high concentrations of iron.
Pathological Underestimation of Core Needle Biopsy Risks in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Breast Cancer Diagnosis: a Predictive Nomogram
Authors: Xie Shiyang , Wang Yaxuan , Song Jian , Guo Jiaru , Wang Xu , Cui Mengyao
Published: April 2024

Purpose
The study aimed to investigate the predictors of pathological underestimation (PU) in patients with DCIS diagnosed preoperatively by ultrasonocentesis and to create a nomogram to predict the risk of PU, providing a risk assessment tool that can assist clinicians in their surgical decision-making.
Methods
This retrospective study collected data of 309 patients with DCIS from the First Hospital of China Medical University between June 2012 and June 2022. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used in this training cohort to select independent risk factors that affect the PU risks in DCIS patients diagnosed by ultrasound-guided hollow needle aspiration biopsy (US-CNB), and a nomogram was established. The internal validation method was used as the validation cohort to verify the model.
Results
While IBC patients showed significant BI RADS mass differences by US (P = 0.029), linear/segmental calcification (P < 0.001), microinvasion (P = 0.002), and menstruation showed critical differences (P = 0.057). When we compared lymph node metastasis (LNM) patients with non-LNM patients, the former group showed significant abnormal lymph node differences by US (P < 0.001), ER (P = 0.003), PR (P = 0.022), Ki-67 (P = 0.005), PDW (P = 0.0039), and NLR (P = 0.016). In the IBC and LNM nomogram, the C-statistic was 0.814 (95% CI: 0.766–0.863) and 0.780 (95% CI: 0.642–0.917) respectively. The calibration curve showed that the nomogram was well calibrated, and the mean absolute calibration error was 0.029 and 0.019 respectively.
Conclusions
We created a nomogram predicting the likelihood of PU in DCIS patients diagnosed with US-CNB. Risk stratification with this nomogram could develop standardized practices to optimize DCIS patient management.
Predict key biomarkers of Alcohol Dependence in Nucleus accumbens by Weighted gene co-expression network analysis
Authors: Shi Xugang , Xu Bing , He Taiping , Shi Jinghong , Zhang Lijun
Published: April 2024

Alcohol dependence (AD) is a complication behavioral disease interacted by a number of genes and environmental factors with high heritability. The main point of the study was to identify the regulatory mechanism exerted by the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in AD. We not only performed DEGs analysis but also carried WGCNA analysis in GSE62699 dataset, and then we used online tools for gene enrichment analysis of the DEGs and hub genes, and explored possible transcription factors. We conducted DEG analysis first, and then opted the top 25% of genes with the maximum variance to perform WGCNA analysis. Finally, through GO and KEGG analysis, we found that acute inflammation is the most important biological pathway in DEGs. Then signal transduction and cell communication are the main results of BP in WGCNA. We used the hub gene to explore the transcription factor (TF) which may have a key role using the web tool–miRNet, and found that TP53 and NFKB1 are the important TFs in NAc. From the result, the miRNAs and TFs may serve as potential biomarkers and treatment targets of AD, and all these findings may be a theoretical basis to explore the regulatory mechanisms of AD.
Exploring Social Impairment in Those with Opioid Use Disorder: Linking Impulsivity, Childhood Trauma, and the Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Arruda Thais , Sinko Laura , Regier Paul , Tufanoglu Altona , Curtin Adrian , Teitelman Anne , Ayaz Hasan , Cronholm Peter , Childress Anna Rose
Published: April 2024

Background
Challenges with social functioning, which is a hallmark of opioid use disorder (OUD), are a drawback in treatment adherence and maintenance. Yet, little research has explored the underlying mechanisms of this impairment. Impulsivity, a known risk factor for OUD, and corresponding neural alterations may be at the center of this issue. Childhood adversity, which has been linked to both impulsivity and poorer treatment outcomes, could also affect this relationship. This study aims to understand the relationship between impulsivity and social functioning in those recovering from OUD. Differences in the prefrontal cortex will be analyzed, as well as potential moderating effects of childhood trauma.
Methods
Participants with (N = 16) and without (N = 19) social impairment completed a survey (e.g., social functioning, Barrat’s Impulsivity Scale, Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and cognitive tasks while undergoing neuroimaging. Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a modern, portable, wearable and low-cost neuroimaging technology, was used to measure prefrontal cortex activity during a behavioral inhibition task (Go/No-Go task).
Results
Those who social functioning survey scores indicated social impairment (n = 16) scored significantly higher on impulsivity scale (t(33)= -3.4, p < 0.01) and reported more depressive symptoms (t(33) = -2.8, p < 0.01) than those reporting no social impairment (n = 19). Social functioning was negatively correlated with impulsivity (r=-0.7, p < 0.001), such that increased impulsivity corresponded to decreased social functioning. Childhood trauma emerged as a moderator of this relationship, but only when controlling for the effects of depression, B=-0.11, p = 0.023. Although both groups had comparable Go/No-Go task performance, the socially impaired group displayed greater activation in the dorsolateral (F(1,100.8) = 7.89, p < 0.01), ventrolateral (F(1,88.8) = 7.33, p < 0.01), and ventromedial (F(1,95.6) = 7.56, p < 0.01) prefrontal cortex during impulse control.
Conclusion
In addition to being more impulsive, individuals with social impairment exhibited differential activation in the prefrontal cortex when controlling responses. Furthermore, the impact of impulsivity on social functioning varies depending on ACEs demonstrating that it must be considered in treatment approaches. These findings have implications for addressing social needs and impulsivity of those in recovery, highlighting the importance of a more personalized, integrative, and trauma-informed approach to intervention.
Neurological manifestations of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric patients: a 3-year study
Authors: Vivisenco Iolanda Cristina , Lescaie Andreea , Dragomirescu Ana , Ionita Ioana Catalina , Florescu Irina , Ciocea Bogdan , Grama Andreea Rodica , Craciun Maria-Dorina , Chivu Carmen-Daniela , Ulmeanu Coriolan Emil , Nitescu Viorela Gabriela
Published: April 2024

Purpose
This study analyzed the neurological manifestation profiles of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection across pandemic waves in pediatric patients.
Methods
This retrospective study analyzed the data of patients aged 0–18 years who were diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and admitted to a pediatric tertiary hospital between March 1, 2020, and February 28, 2023. The presence of neurological manifestations was established based on the symptoms noted in each patient chart. The relationships between neurological manifestations and pandemic waves or age groups were assessed using the chi-square test.
Results
This study included 1677 patients. Neurological manifestations were noted in 10% (n = 168) of patients with a 3.2 years median age (interquartile range: 1–11.92). Neurological manifestations were significantly associated with the pandemic waves (p = 0.006) and age groups (p < 0.001). Seizures were noted in 4.2% of cases and reached an increasing frequency over time (p = 0.001), but were not associated with age groups. Febrile seizures accounted for the majority of seizures. Headache was reported in 2.6% of cases and had similar frequencies across the pandemic waves and age groups. Muscular involvement was noted in 2% of cases and reached a decreasing frequency over time (p < 0.001) and showed different frequencies among the age groups.
Conclusions
Neurological manifestations of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit distinct patterns, depending on the pandemic wave and patient age group. The Wuhan and Omicron waves involved the nervous system more often than the other waves; however, this was probably through different mechanisms.
Awareness and practice of dietary recommendations for cancer prevention among participants of the 2023 Korean National Cancer Prevention for Dietary Awareness and Practice Survey
Authors: Choi Yoonjoo , Jung Hyein , Kim Byungmi
Published: April 2024

Background
Most cancers are preventable, especially by improving dietary habits, which account for a large proportion of cancer causes. However, several factors influence a person’s dietary behaviors, and it can be challenging to implement healthy behaviors. Individuals with poor dietary behaviors should be encouraged to improve them and those making efforts should be encouraged to adopt more active steps to prevent cancer. Therefore, to identify the proportion of Korean adults who followed the recommended guidelines for dietary factors to prevent cancer risk and those with less practice, we surveyed Korean adults using an Internet-based questionnaire.
Methods
The 2023 Korean National Cancer Prevention for Dietary Awareness and Practice Survey was a cross-sectional online survey conducted during September 4–25, 2023, and included adults aged 20–69 years. The survey included questions on sociodemographic and lifestyle factors to assess the practice of five dietary recommendations: “consume sufficient amounts of fruits and vegetables,” “balance your diet with a wide range of healthy foods,” “limit your salt intake from all sources,” “avoid burnt or charred foods,” and “avoid alcohol consumption.”
Results
Among the 4,000 participants, 82.6% were aware that unbalanced diet is a risk factor for cancer. Being physically active and having nutritional education were associated with a higher odds ratio (OR) for always practicing the five dietary recommendations. Participants with a history of chronic disease had a lower OR for consuming a balanced diet (OR: 0.822) and limited salt intake (OR: 0.771). Compared with those who did not have a chronic disease, participants with hypertension, dyslipidemia, or type 2 diabetes had a lower OR of always limiting salt intake (0.654, 0.657, and 0.595, respectively). Participants with hypertension or dyslipidemia had ORs of 29% and 27% of always avoiding alcohol consumption, respectively. Those with dyslipidemia had ORs of 32% and 31% for always consuming a balanced diet and avoiding burnt or charred food, respectively.
Conclusions
Despite high awareness of dietary cancer prevention, individuals with chronic diseases, especially dyslipidemia, showed poor adherence to cancer-preventive dietary practices. Our findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve the dietary habits of this atrisk population.
Study of a solid-state reactor for vinegar with rotary drum and validation of its physicochemical indexes
Authors: Yang wen , Liu hui-peng , Hong hou-sheng
Published: April 2024

In response to the shortcomings of low automation, large footprint, and low conversion rate in the traditional solid-state vinegar fermentation process, a drum type solid-state reactor was studied by combining traditional solid-state fermentation with mechanized equipment. The equipment is mainly composed of four parts: transmission system, automatic feeding and discharging, stirring ventilation and temperature control, and fumigation and vinegar pouring system. It can automatically feed and discharge, inoculate, ferment, fumigation and vinegar pouring, and other functions. This article mainly elaborates on solid-state fermentation for vinegar production, introduces the operating equipment and drum reactors in this field, and verifies whether there are differences in the main physicochemical indicators of reactor fermentation for vinegar production compared to conventional equipment.
Relationship between oxidative balance score and all-cause mortality in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: zhang peng , Wang Yun-Sheng , Gao Zhao-Xing , Hu Xiao , Ge Man , Xu Yi-Qing , He Tian , Liu Lei , Pan Hai-Feng
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims:
The Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) emerges as a novel index for assessing the state of oxidative stress. Previous studies have reported the possible links between oxidative stress and the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the relationship between OBS and NAFLD remains unclear.
Methods
Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018 was used in this study, and survival data was obtained from the National Death Index (NDI). The OBS was determined by calculating dietary nutrient consumption and lifestyle practices. The US Fatty Liver Index (USFLI) served as the basis for diagnosing NAFLD. Cox regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) methods were employed to evaluate the associations between OBS and the risk of all-cause mortality in NAFLD patients.
Results
Fully adjusted Cox regression analysis indicated that higher total OBS (hazards ratio [HR]: 0.97, 95%CI: 0.95, 0.99) and dietary OBS (hazards ratio [HR]: 0.97, 95%CI: 0.95, 0.99)were associated with the lower risks of all-cause mortality in NAFLD (both P < 0.05). In the categorical analysis of the OBS, findings revealed that, as compared to the lowest quartile of OBS, the top quartile's adjusted HR for total and dietary OBS was 0.55 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.88) and 0.55(95% CI: 0.33, 0.94), respectively (both P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis indicated an inverse relationship between total/dietary OBS and mortality from all causes only in females with NAFLD.
Conclusion
The increase in OBS was correlated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality in NAFLD, suggesting the advantages of adopting an antioxidant-rich diet and lifestyle behaviors in managing NAFLD.
Development of Multi-objective Optimization model integrating Construction Time, Cost, Quality and Risk using Ant Colony Algorithm
Authors: M Renuka S , N Sai Krishna , Avudaiappan Siva , Calquín Danny Lobos , González Marcos Díaz
Published: April 2024

It is a well-known fact that in a complex construction project that involves resources and operations, estimating the duration and cost of each activity is a challenge. In addition to time and cost, other parameters like quality and risk also have to be optimized to ensure the success of a project. Lack of quality and risk measures may affect productivity and the quality of workmanship. Therefore, it is important to engage quality and risk parameters in the planning stage, along with time and cost. The main aim of this paper is to integrate quality and risk into a scheduling model and to develop a multi-objective scheduling model to solve the time-cost trade-off problems. To achieve this aim, the data of fifteen large-scale residential, commercial, and industrial projects concerning time, cost, quality, and risk were collected. Then, to optimize this data, a project model was developed using the Python-based ACO algorithm. Then, by using the ACO algorithm, optimal time and cost solutions were found. The model has been validated by comparing the proposed model results with the actual time and cost of the project. A correlation analysis was done to study the interrelationship among the time, cost, quality, and risk components. The solutions were also tested with sensitivity analysis, and Pareto-optimal solutions were compared with previous solutions. Finally, it is inferred that the estimated time and costs obtained using the ACO algorithm were approximately equal to the actual time and costs obtained by taking quality and risk constraints into account. Hence, in the planning stage itself, the time and cost can be predicted using the proposed model for various scenarios of quality and risk.
Machine Learning Techniques with Fairness for Prediction of Completion of Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation
Authors: Roberts-Licklider Karen , Trafalis Theodore
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study is to look at predicting whether a person will complete a drug and alcohol rehabilitation program and the number of times a person attends. The study is based on demographic data obtained from Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) from both admissions and discharge data from drug and alcohol rehabilitation centers in Oklahoma. Demographic data is highly categorical which led to binary encoding being used and various fairness measures being utilized to mitigate bias of nine demographic variables. Kernel methods such as linear, polynomial, sigmoid, and radial basis functions were compared using support vector machines at various parameter ranges to find the optimal values. These were then compared to methods such as decision trees, random forests, and neural networks. Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique Nominal (SMOTEN) for categorical data was used to balance the data with imputation for missing data. The nine bias variables were then intersectionalized to mitigate bias and the dual and triple interactions were integrated to use the probabilities to look at worst case ratio fairness mitigation. Disparate Impact, Statistical Parity difference, Conditional Statistical Parity Ratio, Demographic Parity, Demographic Parity Ratio, Equalized Odds, Equalized Odds Ratio, Equal Opportunity, and Equalized Opportunity Ratio were all explored at both the binary and multiclass scenarios.
Scaling Limits of the Wasserstein information matrix on Gaussian mixture models
Authors: Zhao Jiaxi , Li Wuchen
Published: April 2024

We study the Wasserstein metric on the Gaussian mixture models (GMMs), which is defined as the pullback of the full Wasserstein metric on the space of smooth probability distributions with finite second moments. A class of Wasserstein metrics on probability simplices over one-dimensional bounded homogeneous lattices is derived via a scaling limit of the Wasserstein metric on GMMs. Specifically, for a sequence of GMMs whose variances tend to zero, we prove that the limit of the Wasserstein metric exists after certain renormalization. Generalizations of this metric in general GMMs are established, including inhomogeneous lattice models whose lattice gaps are not the same, extended GMMs whose mean parameters of Gaussian components can also change, and the second-order metric containing high-order information of the scaling limit. We further study the Wasserstein gradient flows on GMMs. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed GMM models for approximating Wasserstein gradient flows.
Scalable interpolation of satellite altimetry data with probabilistic machine learning
Authors: Gregory William , MacEachern Ronald , Takao So , Lawrence Isobel , Nab Carmen , Deisenroth Mark , Tsamados Michel
Published: April 2024

In this work, we present a new open-source Python programming library for performing efficient interpolation of non-stationary satellite altimetry data, using scalable Gaussian Process (GP) techniques. We showcase the library, GPSat, by using data from the CryoSat-2, Sentinel-3A, and Sentinel-3B radar altimeters, to generate complete maps of daily 50 km2-gridded Arctic sea ice radar freeboard. Relative to a previous GP interpolation scheme, we find that GPSat offers a 504× computational speedup, with less than 4 mm difference on the derived freeboards, on average. We then demonstrate the scalability of GPSat through freeboard interpolation at 5 km2 grid resolution, and Sea-Level Anomalies (SLA) at the resolution of the altimeter footprint. Validation of this novel high resolution radar freeboard product shows strong agreement with airborne data, with a linear correlation of 0.66. Footprint-level SLA interpolation also shows improvements in predictive skill over linear regression, which is a standard approach used in sea ice altimetry data processing. We suggest that GPSat could overcome the computational bottlenecks faced in many altimetry-based interpolation routines. This could in turn lead to improved observational estimates of ocean topography and sea ice thickness, and also further critical understanding of ocean and sea ice variability over short spatio-temporal scales.
Farmer’s Touch: Harnessing Technologies to Enhance Crop Production
Authors: Vasamsetty Mohana Siri , Buradakavi Yamuna Devi , Battula Vishal , Jayanthy Prahashit , Veluri Ravi Kishore
Published: April 2024

The objective of every agricultural endeavour is to achieve optimal output and productivity under varying conditions, thereby conserving precious resources, energy, and reducing production costs. Modern agricultural practices focus on the detailed monitoring of crop conditions by assessing variables like soil quality, plant vitality, the impact of fertilizers and pesticides, irrigation levels, and overall yield. Precision Agriculture is defined as a farm management approach that utilizes information and technology to pinpoint, analyse, and address the variability found within fields to enhance yield, profitability, sustainability, and environmental protection, all while cutting down on costs. This field employs advanced sensor technologies and analytical tools to boost crop production and support management decisions. Our project aims to provide guidance to both commercial farmers and individuals interested in gardening on the necessary steps and precautions for improving crop yield. This comprehensive project will offer advice across various sectors, including soil management, pest control, equipment, and marketing, using a technology stack that comprises a Full-Stack web application, a Machine Learning-powered Chatbot integrated via Flask API with a translation feature, and SQL. The primary objective of this project is to deliver virtual blog content and web-based assistance for enhanced crop growth and yield.
A Low-cost Method of Fabricating Parylene-SU-8 Micro-nanofluidic Chip by Thermal Nanoimprint and Multilayer Compositing
Authors: Sun Lei , Yin Zhifu , Guo Ran
Published: April 2024

A new fabrication of micro-nano fluidic chips by thermal nanoimprint and multilayer compositing is proposed. The nano-channels with different aspect ratios were first manufactured by thermal nanoimprinting and Parylene layer coating, and the effect of parylene layer thickness on aspect ratio is studied. Then SU-8 layers with the micro channels and liquid reservoirs were superposed by ultraviolet exposure and secondary bonding to form a multilayer micro-nano fluidic chip. By optimizing the bonding parameters, a Parylene-SU-8 micro-nano fluidic chip with 200 μm wide and 8 μm deep micro-channels, cross-linked with 78 nm wide and 288 nm deep nano-channels was constructed, of which the maximum bonding strength is 0.92 MPa. This method has the advantages of simple process and low cost, which is suitable for mass manufacturing of micro-nano fluidic chips.
Internet use behavior analysis of international medical students in China
Authors: Zhao Yun-Hua , Liu Li-Hua , Bao Guo-Zhen , Cui Yan-Hua , Sun Ping , Yang Xiao-Lin , Lu Wei
Published: April 2024

Background
China is a popular destination for international students, and proper utilization of Internet-based resources is important for international student development. However, there is a dearth of research on the Internet use behavior of international medical students. Therefore, to provide student-centered Internet services in China, it is necessary to investigate the Internet use behaviors of international medical students at different academic levels, analyze the features of their Internet-based information needs, and discuss their Internet-based behavioral preferences and online time.
Methods
This study involved an online survey of 151 international medical students at Dalian Medical University using the WJX.cn platform. The participants were grouped into three according to their academic levels: undergraduate, master’s, and doctoral students. A Chi-square test was performed to analyze Internet use behaviors at different academic levels.
Results
This study included 22 doctoral students (15%), 12 master’s students (8%), and 117 undergraduates (77%). Of them, 118 (78.1%) were Asian, 27 (17.9%) were African, and 6 (4.0%) were European, American, and Oceanian. Sixty-two (41.1%) and 89 (58.9%) participants were males and females, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed in the Internet tools or locations utilized by students at different academic levels, and most participants used the Internet to obtain literature resources.
Conclusion
This study found that international medical students at higher academic levels had stronger learning needs. Furthermore, different academic groups had different Internet use behaviors and online time.
Resampled Correlation-Based Feature Descriptors: A Novel Approach to Enhancing Malware Detection Capabilities
Authors: Dodoo Albert Ankomah , Koranteng Michael , Amissah Daniel Kwame , Appati Justice Kwame
Published: April 2024

The study addresses the pressing need for improved malware detection in cybersecurity, leveraging a novel approach that combines deep learning with feature selection techniques. By analyzing network traffic patterns, the research aims to distinguish between benign and malicious activities, crucial for protecting networks and devices from cyber threats. Through training and evaluating Dense and LSTM neural network models on extensive malware datasets, the study demonstrates a significant enhancement in detection accuracy, surpassing previous methodologies by 0.98%. This innovative method not only provides valuable insights for developers but also contributes to advancing the capabilities of malware detection systems, ultimately bolstering cybersecurity defenses against evolving threats.
Efficient Image Data Compression Techniques: A Comprehensive Review and Comparative Study
Authors: Guntuboina Venkata Sankirtana , Srivast Nishtha
Published: April 2024

This research paper thoroughly analyzes image compression methods, covering various types of images encountered in diverse applications such as broadcasting, remote sensing, communication, and medical imaging. The paper emphasizes the significance of efficient image compression as data generation escalates, requiring the transmission and storage of vast amounts of digital image information. The study delves into their underlying compression algorithms, aiming to balance high compression rates and image quality preservation. While these techniques strive to maintain image originality, they may introduce artifacts and distortions, necessitating the exploration of corrective measures. The paper proposes a recommended general method for image compression tailored to meet the specific demands and characteristics of different image types and applications. By offering valuable insights into image compression, strengths and limitations of existing techniques, and a practical compression approach, this research contributes significantly to the field. It serves as a valuable guideline for practitioners and researchers in various image compression domains.
The Test-retest Reliability of a Body Posture Literacy Questionnaire Among Polish Teachers From Different Educational Levels
Authors: Labecka Marta Kinga , Jankowicz-Szymańska Agnieszka , Plandowska Magdalena , Olszewska Elżbieta , Rajabi Reza
Published: April 2024

To develop a reliable and valid Teachers’ Body Posture Literacy Questionnaire (TBPLQ) to examine their body posture knowledge. The tool was based on a Parents Body Posture Literacy Questionnaire (PBPLQ) and modified and validated through discussion with experts which were conducted in two rounds. Corrective gymnastics, physiotherapy, ergonomics, physical education (PE) experts and doctoral and postdoctoral scholars evaluated content validity. Test-retest repeatability was tested using Cohen's kappa coefficient. The study used a convenience sample of 195 teachers from 3 different educational levels: PE, kindergarten, and primary education in two rounds of test-retest. The initial round encompassed 95 participants, with pre-test and post-test procedures applied using the original TBPLQ. Subsequently, the second round involved 100 participants and followed a similar approach, incorporating modifications to the TBPLQ based on the reliability outcomes observed in the first round. The results of the first-round test–retest TBPLQ reliability, with 95 samples resulted in an overall reliability of 0.77 (range 0.02 to 1). This indicated that the questionnaire still lacks sufficient reliability. Consequently, after the necessary amendments and modifications, the questionnaire’s reliability was tested for the second time with 100 samples. Notably, the overall reliability of 0.82 (ranging from 0.50 to 1) was established for the TBPLQ indicating that 87.5% of the questionnaire items achieved reliability scores within the substantial and almost perfect range and only 12.5% of the items attained moderate reliability scores. The questionnaire is a new self-report measure, reliable and relevant to effectively evaluating teachers' literacy in postural health that can be applicable in both research and practical contexts, extending its use to larger and more diverse populations.
Adherence to Clinic Appointments and Medication Among Patients Accessing Mental Health Clinics in Lilongwe, Malawi
Authors: Mekani Paul , Mugomeri Eltony , Mbuba Calorine , Mbakaya Balwani Chingatichifwe
Published: April 2024

Background: Individuals who are nonadherent to treatment have higher rates of symptom recurrence, higher rates of hospital readmission and poorer quality of life. Nkhoma Mission Hospital (NMH) in the central region of Malawi has been integrating mental health within the existing services to ensure that the services are accessible to people. The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence and factors of nonadherence to appointments and medication among patients with mental illness.
Design and methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Nkhoma Mission Hospital. A survey approach and total population sampling were used. The MARS score was used to assess medication adherence. Associations of alcohol use, insight, and stigma with medication adherence were established using the AUDIT, BIRCHWOOD and ISMI scales, respectively.
Results: The prevalence of nonadherence to clinic appointments and medication was 64% (n=58) and 46.2%, respectively. Females were 4.7 times more likely to miss clinic appointments than males were (B =-1.555, Exp (B)=0.221, p=0.029), Protestant Christians were 5 times more likely to miss clinic appointments (B = 5.176, p=0.034), clients who were not married were 15 times more likely not to adhere to clinic appointments (B=2.722, Exp(B)=25.12, p=0.002), and clients who visited a mobile clinic were more likely to miss appointments (B =-1.762, Exp (B)=0.172, p=0.020). Patients who had been on medication for less than 2 years had significantly lower adherence to medication (B=-1.631, t=-2.053, p=0.043); patients whose occupation involved farming had lower adherence to medication (B=-1.541, t=-2.057, p=0.043); and psychotic patients had greater adherence to medication than nonpsychotic patients did (B=1.753, t=2.041, p=0.044).
Conclusion: It is important to address the factors that influence nonadherence to clinic appointments and medication to avoid relapse.
Spirituality as predictor of well-being at work in the moroccan context
Authors: MAKKAOUI Mohamed , HANNOUN Fatima-zahra , OUAZIZI Khalid , RIZZO Amelia , ALI Driss AIT , CHERQUI Abdelhalim , KHABBACHE Kaoutar , YILDIRIM Murat , BAHRAMIZADEH Mahmood , BULUT Sefa , SZARPAK Łukasz , PRUC Michal , BATRA Kavita , CHIRICO Francesco , KHABBACHE Hicham
Published: April 2024

The aim of this research was to analyze the relationship between spirituality at work and employees' psychological well-being in the Moroccan context. The sample consisted of 1109 employees (57.8% men). The research was descriptive in nature and quantitative in approach. In terms of data analysis, the study used descriptive statistics and correlations to achieve its objectives. For data collection, an anagraphic sheet, the Spirituality at work (Ashmos & Duchon, 2000) and the Psychological well-being (Ryff et al 2007) were administered online. In view of the results observed, spirituality at work correlates positively with well-being at work, demonstrating that the more the dimensions of spirituality at work stand out, the more place and impact well-being at work will have. The meaning of work proved to be one of the most important factors and a strong link was found between a sense of community and employee well-being.
Functionality of water supply handpumps in sub-Saharan Africa: a review of data from Cameroon (Central Africa)
Authors: Mvongo Victor Dang , Defo Celestin
Published: April 2024

This review presents updated and expanded handpump functionality estimates for 310 councils in the ten regions of Cameroon. Overall, the study estimates that the number of handpumps used as the main source of drinking water supply in Cameroon is 20,572, of which 9,113 are installed in protected hand dug wells (wells) and 11,459 in boreholes. Our findings suggest that about one in three handpumps in Cameroon is nonfunctional, which in 2022 was roughly equivalent to 6,724 inoperative water points. According to this estimate, it is about 44.8 billion CFA francs, or 66.8 million USD, was invested in the construction of water points that are immobilized and do not generate any benefit. The review has found that the community-based management of handpump water supply seems not to have given the expected results. Further, there are questions in relation to the quality of handpump material and the corrosion of handpumps which have not been sufficiently taken into account in the various research projects in Cameroon and Sub-Saharan Africa. Finally, the implementation of post-construction monitoring, physical audits, and handpump rehabilitation campaigns could shed light on these issues in order to improve the performance of handpumps.