bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of maturity status on the rate of torque development in young male soccer players
Authors: Pechina Mauricio Diniz Rocha , Vaz Marco Aurélio , Geremia Jeam Marcel , Diefenthaeler Fernando , Leites Gabriela Tomedi , Reischak-Oliveira Alvaro , Cunha Giovani dos Santos
Published: March 2024

Background: The rate of torque development (RTD) has been associated with sports performance and can be improved during the biological maturation process of young soccer players. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of maturity status on the knee extensors’ RTD of soccer players after appropriate normalization.
Methods: Twenty-seven young male soccer players aged 13-17 years old were allocated into two groups: pubescent (PUB, n = 11) and postpubescent (POSP, n = 16). RTD was obtained by performing one maximum voluntary isometric contraction at six different knee joint angles (30º, 45º, 60º, 75º, 90º, and 105º). Anthropometric (height and body mass) and muscle architecture variables (muscle thickness, muscle volume, fascicle length, pennation angle, and cross-section area) were evaluated as body size descriptors and used to identify the best way for appropriate normalization of RTD data.
Results: Muscle architecture variables showed no correlations with RTD (p>0.05), while body mass showed a positive correlation (0.405<0.680; p<0.05). Maturity status showed positive effects on absolute late RTD values (N·m·s-1) obtained at four different angles (60º, 75º, 90º, and 105º). However, maturity status showed no effects on RTD values after normalization by body mass (N·m·s-1·kg-1).
Conclusions: In conclusion, maturity status showed no positive effects on RTD values after appropriate normalization by body mass in young soccer players.
Aspergillus dsRNA virus drives fungal fitness and pathogenicity in the mammalian host
Authors: Shlezinger Neta , Lerer Vanda , Rocha Marina , Adeoye John , Hayby Hilla
Published: March 2024

Fungal pathogens pose a significant threat to global health. Aspergillus fumigatus accounts for approximately 65% of all invasive fungal infections in humans, with mortality rates from aspergillosis reaching nearly 50%. Fungal virulence in plant pathogenic fungi can be modified by mycoviruses, viruses that infect fungi. However, their impact on fungal pathogenesis in mammals has remained largely unexplored. Here, utilizing an A. fumigatus strain naturally infected with Aspergillus fumigatus polymycovirus-1M (AfuPmV-1M), we found that the mycovirus confers a significant survival advantage to the fungus under conditions of oxidative stress, heat stress, and within the murine lung. Thus, AfuPmV-1M modulates fungal fitness, resulting in increased virulence and the progression of exacerbated fungal disease. Moreover, antiviral treatment reverses the exacerbated virus-mediated virulence, representing a promising "antipathogenicity" therapy against virus-bearing pathogenic fungi. Taken together, these data suggest that mycoviruses play a significant role as "backseat drivers" in human fungal diseases, presenting critical clinical implications.
Predictive Modeling of Pneumonia-Related Mortality in Long-Term Immunosuppressive Therapy Patients: A Machine Learning Approach with Interpretability
Authors: Xiong Xingyu , Tang Yongjiang
Published: March 2024

Background
The use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents has become a cornerstone in the management of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, but it comes with an increased risk of infections, particularly pneumonia. Machine learning (ML) and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) offer a promising approach to predict pneumonia-related mortality in patients on long-term immunosuppressive therapy.
Methods
Data from a retrospective cohort analysis of pneumonia patients undergoing glucocorticoid treatment were collected from six academic hospitals in China. Features such as demographics, clinical symptoms, disease severity, laboratory data, and treatment information were analyzed. Feature selection was performed, and three survival analysis models (Cox regression, Random Survival Forest, Fast Survival Support Vector Machine) were developed. Model interpretability was enhanced using SHAP.
Results
Among 716 patients, 74.02% survived, and 25.97% died within 90 days. Dyspnea, ventilation support, and certain laboratory values were associated with higher mortality. Eight predictors (Platelet, Albumin, Aspartate Aminotransferase, PH, Glucose, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Oxygenation index, Persistent lymphocytopenia) were identified for model development. The Random Survival Forest model outperformed others, showing a C-index of 0.754 and a Time-dependent AUC of 0.795. SHAP analysis revealed the impact of these predictors on patient outcomes.
Conclusion
Machine learning, coupled with SHAP analysis, identifies key predictors and enhances prediction accuracy for pneumonia-related mortality in patients on long-term immunosuppressive therapy. This approach facilitates risk stratification and informed clinical decision-making, potentially improving patient outcomes.
Key node identification for a network topology using hierarchical comprehensive importance coefficients
Authors: Qiu Fanshuo , Yu Chengpu , Feng Yunji , Li Yao
Published: March 2024

Key nodes are similar to important hubs in a network structure, which can directly determine the robustness and stability of the network. By effectively identifying and protecting these critical nodes, the robustness of the network can be improved, making it more resistant to external interference and attacks. There are various topology analysis methods for existing networks, but key node identification methods often only focus on local attributes or global attributes. Designing an algorithm that combines both attributes can improve the accuracy of key node identification. In this paper, the constraint coefficient of a weakly connected network is calculated based on the Salton indicator, and the hierarchical tenacity global coefficient is obtained by an improved K-Shell decomposition method. Then, a hierarchical comprehensive node importance identification algorithm is proposed which can comprehensively indicate the local and global attributes of the network nodes. Experimental results on real network datasets show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other classic algorithms in terms of connectivity, average remaining edges, sensitivity and monotonicity.
Predictors of Mortality and Severe Illness from Escherichia coli Sepsis in Neonates
Authors: Mukherjee Devashis , Hoffman Adriana , Satyavolu Sriram , Muhanna Danah , Malay Sindhoosha , Raffay Thomas , Windau Anne , Ransom Eric
Published: March 2024

Background: Neonatal Escherichia coli (E. coli) sepsis is increasing. There is limited data on the factors which contribute to increased mortality and severity of illness in neonatal E. colisepsis.
Methods: Retrospective review of neonates (<30 days) admitted to a Level IV NICU in the United States from 2008 to 2022 with a diagnosis of E. coli bloodstream or cerebrospinal fluid infection was conducted. Primary outcome was defined as mortality from or severe illness during E. coliinfection (defined as need for inotropic support or metabolic acidosis).
Results: E. coli neonatal sepsis rate increased from 2008-2022 (average of 1.12 per 1,000 live births). The primary outcome, which occurred in 50% of cases, was independently associated with prematurity, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Ampicillin resistance was not associated with the primary outcome.
Conclusion: GA, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia but not ampicillin resistance, are associated with mortality or severe illness from E. colisepsis.
The diagnostic value of Near-Infrared Indocyanine Green Imaging for Endometriosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhuang Yuan , Ou Honghui , Xu Yue , Yang Hua
Published: March 2024

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic effect of Near-Infrared Indocyanine Green (ICG) imaging for Endometriosis(EMs).
Methods: We searched Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Clinical Trials, WanFang Database, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Medline electronic databases up to January 2024. Reference lists of enrolled studies, Google Scholar, and reports of scientific meetings were also searched manually.
Results: Through systematic literature search and screening, six studies compared the diagnostic effect of ICG imaging to White Light imaging(WL) for EMs during laparoscopic surgery were enrolled. Two studies found that ICG imaging improved the diagnostic rate of EMs. The others found the diagnostic value of ICG imaging was minimal. Cumulative results found the sensitivity is 0.88 (95%CI: 0.81-0.93) for WL and 0.64 (95%CI: 0.36-0.84) for ICG respectively. The specificity is 0.85 (95%CI: 0.49-0.97) for WL and 0.88 (95%CI: 0.66-0.97) for ICG respectively. The positive likelihood ratio (LR+) is 5.8 (95%CI: 1.4-24.5) for WL and 5.4 (95%CI: 1.2-24.1) for ICG respectively. The negative likelihood ratio (LR-) is 0.14 (95%CI: 0.09-0.20) for WL and 0.41 (95%CI: 0.18-0.94) for ICG respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) is 42 (95%CI: 10-182) for WL and 13(95%CI: 1-124) for ICG respectively.
Conclusion: Although ICG may be helpful for the visualization of occult EMs, the diagnostic value of ICG is nonsuperior to WL. However, the results should be minded with caution owing to the limited studies and small sample size. More reliable evidence based on larger simple-size studies and multicentric studies are needed urgently.
Prevalence, symbiosis with Rickettsia, and transmission of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus of invasive Bemisia tabaci MED Q2 in Japan
Authors: Fujiwara Akiko , Hagiwara Hiroki , Tsuchimoto Maiko , Tsuchida Tsutomu
Published: March 2024

The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, is a notorious insect pest that transmits plant pathogenic viruses to a wide range of economically-important crops. An invasive genetic group of B. tabaci, Mediterranean Q2 (MED Q2), has recently spread to Europe, USA, and Asia. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of MED Q2 in Japanese agricultural sites and found that its distribution has expanded since it was first detected in 2013. Polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that all MED Q2 individuals were infected with Rickettsia. Rickettsia titres increased during nymphal development, presumably in response to the nutritional needs of the host. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis revealed that Rickettsia was densely located near Portiera-containing bacteriocytes at all growth stages. Rickettsiamay therefore play an important role, such as supplying nutrients to the host, in cooperation with Portiera. Transfer experiments indicated that MED Q2 was as effective a vector for Tomato yellow leaf curl virus as MED Q1 and is therefore a high-risk agricultural pest. These results provide important insights into the biology and ecology of the invasive MED Q2 to effectively control its spread and minimise its impact on crops.
Study on the risk of depression about nurses during the full liberalizationUsing machine learning method
Authors: Qi Xiao-yan , Xu Hong-ning
Published: March 2024

Background：COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading disease with high rates of infectivity, morbidity, and fatality, Nurses face heightened risks of infection since China published full liberalization policy .
Aim：To pinpoint the specific risk factors associated with depression among Chinese nurses during the comprehensive liberalization phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022 and to formulate a predictive model for risk assessment.
Methods:a cross-sectional study from December 9, 2022, to March 26, 2023, recruiting 293 nurses from a tertiary hospital in Anhui Province. Participants were categorized into depression and without depression. The data of the two groups were analyzed using SPSS 23.0. Four predictive machine learning models—Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Extreme Gradient Boosting Machine, and Adaptive Boosting —were developed.
Results：The AUC for the Logistic Regression, SVM, XGBoost, and AdaBoost models were 0.86, 0.88, 0.95, and 0.93 respectively, while their F1 scores were 0.79, 0.83, 0.90, and 0.89. The XGBoost model demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy. The Extreme Gradient Boosting Machine model, tailored to risk factors prevalent among Chinese nurses, offers a potent tool for predicting depression risks.
Conclusions：This model can aid clinical managers in accurately identifying and addressing potential risk factors during and post the comprehensive liberalization phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Finite-time command filter backstepping control of uncertain chaotic systems
Authors: Zhu Fang , Liu Yiyu , Shi Youwei
Published: March 2024

This article investigates the synchronization problem of a class of uncertain chaotic systems based on backstepping control technology and a finite-time command filter. Firstly, the virtual signal and its derivative are approximated by a finite-time command filter, which can guarantee that the estimation error converges to a small region within a finite-time. Meanwhile, a new error compensation mechanism is constructed, which effectively reduces the adverse impact of the filter error. Then, the designed controller ensures that the tracking error converges to a small region within a finite time by selecting appropriate parameters. Finally, two simulation examples validate the feasibility of the proposed method in this article.
Perceived Microaggressions and Quality of Life: The Mediating Role of Personal Resources and Social Support among People with African Migration Background in Germany
Authors: Adedeji Adekunle , Akintunde Tosin Yinka , Hanft-Robert Saskia , Witt Stefanie , Quitmann Julia , Buchcik Johanna , Boehnke Klaus
Published: March 2024

Empirical investigations into the predictive power of microaggressions have shed light on their profound and extensive detrimental effects on the life outcomes of minority groups. In contemporary discourse, microaggressions are not mere fleeting occurrences but rather pervasive, daily experiences that wield significant influence over individual and collective well-being. This current study delves into the role of personal resources and social support as mediators in the relationship between microaggressions and quality of life. The study analyses cross-sectional data from 604 African immigrants in Germany, employing Structural Equation Modelling techniques. Five direct associations were examined alongside three separate mediation analyses to evaluate the predictive effect of microaggressions on quality of life through personal resources, social support, and the combined influence of both. The results indicate a negative association between microaggressions, personal resources, social support, and quality of life. Microaggressions constrain personal resources and social support, thereby compromising quality of life, as evidenced by the attenuating effects observed in the mediation analyses. Furthermore, the serial mediation model highlights the distinct contributions of personal resources and social capital. The findings underscore the serialised nature of microaggression’s impact on quality of life, suggesting that neither personal resources nor social support can fully mitigate its effects. This study posits that microaggressions manifest through immigrants’ social interactions and exchanges, undermining personal resources and social support networks that are essential for enhancing their quality of life.
The association between the thickness of the hypoechoic halo of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Xu Yan , Zhang Ming , Ren Zhijun , Tang Weiyi , Li Liangyao , Tang Kui
Published: March 2024

Background
The relationship between hypoechoic halos and thyroid cancer in patients with thyroid nodules remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between the thickness of the hypoechoic halo and thyroid cancer among patients with thyroid nodules.
Methods
Three hundred and twenty patients with thyroid nodules with a hypoechoic halo were enrolled for this retrospective analysis between January 2019 and December 2022. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to explore the association between the thickness of the hypoechoic halo of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. Interaction and stratified analyses were conducted, including age, sex, thickness, tumor size and tumor location.
Results
After adjusting for multiple covariates, the odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of thyroid cancer for participants with a thickness ≥ 1 mm were 3.99 (2.4 ~ 6.62), 3.73 (2.09 ~ 6.67), and 3.16 (1.61 ~ 6.19), compared with those with a thickness < 1 mm. The association between thyroid cancer and the thickness of the halo of the thyroid nodule was stable in different subgroups (all P for interaction > 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for the hypoechoic halo of nodules for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer was 0.821 (95% CI: 0.774–0.868), and the sensitivity and specificity were highest when the thickness cutoff value was 1.29 mm.
Conclusion
In a sample of single-center adults, the thickness of the halo was positively related to the risk of thyroid cancer. Our findings indicate that halo thickness may become a promising tool to predict the incidence of thyroid cancer.
Batch production prediction for the mechanical cutting industry based on process capability analysis: Experimental and modelling
Authors: Xu Guangtao , Liu Tianyi , Wang Weichuan , Qiao Zeyuan , Wang Gang , Peng Zhenlong , Zhao Minghao
Published: March 2024

In the mechanical cutting industry, trial production is used for predicting and evaluating the quality of product processes before batch production, and it can be expressed through the qualification rate. However, it cannot objectively and comprehensively evaluate the quality of product processes. This study optimizes the analysis of outliers and stability in mathematical statistics to better apply it in the mechanical cutting industry; then, it combines them with process capability analysis. Simultaneously, considering the non-normal distribution of process parameters, a batch production-prediction model is proposed. The diameter, roundness, and roughness of structural common samples are verified. The results show that after the diameter, roundness, and roughness stabilize, the process performance indices are 2.5157, 3.8883, and 3.5878, respectively, adhering to the standards for batch production. For other mechanical parts in the mechanical cutting industry, the model proposed in this paper can be used to quickly and accurately predict and evaluate batch production.
Active Hydrogen Free, Z-isomer selective, isatin derived “Turn on” fluorescent dual anions sensor
Authors: Shenbagapushpam Muthumanickam , Ashwin Bosco Christin Maria Arputham , Mareeswaran Paulpandian Muthu , Yuvaraj Paneerselvam , Kodirajan Selvakumar
Published: March 2024

An efficient 1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-3-(quinolin-3-ylimino)indolin-2-one (PQI) fluorescence "on-off" sensor for anions has been designed to detect dual F- and NO3- ions anions in an aqueous medium without interference. Superior UV light sensing activity against F- and NO3- ions is exhibited by the Z-isomer of the isatin-based π-conjugated quinoline isomer, which is free of Lewis acid and active hydrogen sites. The act of turning on the fluorescence is accomplished using the PET "on-off" mechanism. The non-covalent interactions that mediate the interaction between the probe molecule and anions are thought to be the low electron density covalently bonded isatin N-methylene moiety (-N-CH2-) of the propargyl group of the probe molecule for F- ions and the terminal acidic proton of propargyl for NO3- ions, respectively. The forms of anion binding with PQI are explained by conceivable mechanisms as shown by 1H and 13C NMR titrations. The selectivity of anions sensing may be affected by the bucked structure of the Z-isomer. The computed association constant values for PQI and F- and NO3- ions are 2.5 × 104 M-1 and 2.2 × 103 M-1, respectively, indicating strong interaction between PQI and anions. The relationship between anions and probes is investigated using a jobs plot analysis, and the findings indicate that F- and NO3- ions are in a 1:1 complexation with PQI. The calculation indicates that the probe's limit of detection (LOD) for F- and NO3- ions is 6.91 × 10-7 M-1 and 9.93 × 10-7 M-1, respectively. The low limit of detection (LOD) of the suggested PQI fluorophore is within the WHO-recommended limit for both F- and NO3- ions.
Turkish psychometric characteristics of the humanistic practice ability of nursing scale: differences by education, working year, and professional satisfaction
Authors: Sahin Ayse , Tarsuslu Bedia , Yilmaz Asli , Kuni Filiz , Durat Gulgun
Published: March 2024

Background
Humanistic nursing practices scientifically improve the knowledge structure of nursing, enrich its theoretical system and support its development. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the humanistic practice abilities of nurses.
Objective
This study aimed to test the psycholinguistic features, language and construct validity of the Humanistic Practice Ability of Nursing Scale and to examine it according to nurses' demographic characteristics.
Design and methods
This study was a methodological type of analytical research conducted with 397 clinical nurses working in a hospital. A questionnaire including demographic information and evaluating empathy and compassion adequacy was used. Data were analyzed using explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, item-total score correlation, split-half analysis, t-test, analysis of variance and correlation analysis.
Results
The scale consists of 29 items and four factors, explaining 61.15% of the total variance. Factor loads were > 0.30. confirmatory factor analysis results were χ2/df: 2.58, GFI: 0.86, TLI: 0.91, IFI: 0.92, CFI: 0.92, RMSEA: 0.06, and SRMR: 0.03. The Cronbach alpha value for the full scale is 0.95. A significant relationship was found between the scale and empathy and compassion proficiency. It was observed that the scale scores differed according to the nurses' education level, working years and job satisfaction (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
This study shows that the Turkish version of the HPAN scale is valid and reliable for 29 items and four factors. The humanistic practice ability of nurses differ according to postgraduate education, years of working in the profession and professional satisfaction.
Investigating Long-Term Risk of Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection from Fluoroquinolones and the Key Contributing Factors Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Wang Hsiao-Wei , Huang Yen-Chun , Fang Yu-Wei , Jang Tsrang-Neng , Chen Mingchih , Tsai Ming-Hsien
Published: March 2024

The connection between fluoroquinolones and severe heart conditions, such as aortic aneurysm (AA) and aortic dissection (AD), has been acknowledged, but the full extent of long-term risks remains uncertain. Addressing this knowledge deficit, a retrospective cohort study was conducted in Taiwan, utilizing data from the National Health Insurance Research Database spanning from 2004 to 2010, with follow-up lasting until 2019. The study included 232,552 people who took fluoroquinolones and the same number of people who didn't, matched for age, sex, and index year. The Cox regression model was enlisted to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) for AA/AD onset. Additionally, five machine learning algorithms assisted in pinpointing critical determinants for AA/AD among those with fluoroquinolones. Intriguingly, within the longest follow-up duration of 16 years, exposed patients presented with a markedly higher incidence of AA/AD. After adjusting for multiple factors, exposure to fluoroquinolones was linked to a higher risk of AA/AD (HR 1.62). Machine learning identified ten factors that significantly affected AA/AD risk in those exposed. These results show a 62% increase in long-term AA/AD risk after fluoroquinolone use, highlighting the need for healthcare professionals to carefully consider prescribing these antibiotics due to the risks and factors involved.
A gender and size specific evaluation of inlay versus onlay stem designs in achieving lateralization and distalization in reverse shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Imiolczyk Jan-Phillip , Abu-Zeid Nevin , Eckl Larissa , Imiolczyk Tankred , Gohlke Frank
Published: March 2024

Introduction: In reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) new designs enable greater amounts of lateralization to prevent instability and scapular notching and increase range of motion, however, excessive lateralization leads to stress upon the acromion that can result in scapular spine fatigue fractures (SSFF). Aim of this study was to gender- and size-specifically assess the best implant design selection in order to reduce the risk of SSFF and to optimize lateralization, distalization, and bony impingement-free range of motion (ROM) in patients undergoing RSA.
Methods: Computed tomography scans from 30 osteoarthritic patients (f:15, m:15) and 20 cuff tear arthropathy patients (f:10, m:10) were used to virtually simulate a RSA. The efficacy of inlay vs onlay stems combined with two glenospheres (36mm vs 42mm) in achieving ROM, lateralization, and distalization was evaluated. Moreover, gender and patients constitution were correlated to humeral size by radiologically measuring the best-fit circle of the humeral head.
Results: A different amount of relative lateralization was achieved in both genders using large glenospheres and onlay designs. Latter yielded a higher ROM in all planes for men and women with a 42 mm glenosphere; with the 36mm glenosphere, an increased ROM was observed only in men. In women, this configuration only improved abduction. When adjusting the absolute amount of lateralization to humerus’ size and regardless of implant type, women received greater relative lateralization than men; with a 42mm glenosphere and an onlay system, women lateralized 19% vs 8.0% observed in men.
Conclusion: The relative lateralization achieved using onlay design is much higher in women than men. Humeral lateralization using onlay designs should be used cautiously in women, as they may enhance the risk for developing SSFF. Our results point out that glenoid lateralization should be used instead to reduce inferior notching and to improve ROM, especially in small women.
Level of Evidence: Basic Science Study, Computer Modeling
Preference of Healthcare App Selection Among Physicians, Chronic Patients, and the Healthy Individuals: A Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis
Authors: Shin Jaeyong , Lee Junbok , Kim Junghyun
Published: March 2024

Background: Owing to the rapid proliferation of healthcare applications (apps), consumers find it challenging to determine which apps suit their needs best. The Korean government introduced a certification program in 2022 to ensure the safety of health service apps, similar to several countries that have sought to guide and protect users.
Objective: This study aims to identify the factors influencing the choice of healthcare service apps among physicians, chronic patients, and healthy individuals.
Methods: We conducted a choice-based conjoint analysis with six factors (Number of studies on effectiveness, Frequency of delivering information, Cybersecurity and data safety, User satisfaction, Stamp of approval, Costs). A total of 1093 people (97 physicians, 589 chronic patients, and 407 healthy individuals) participated in the online survey.
Result: Across all groups, cybersecurity and data safety were the most important preference factors (Chronic patients: β=0.795, CI 95% CI 0.750–0.840, Healthy individuals: β=1.127, CI 95% CI 1.066–1.188, Physicians: β=0.560, CI 95% CI 0.459–0.662). All groups were more willing to pay approximately $6 for cybersecurity and data safety and approximately $5 for certification.
Conclusion: Digital healthcare technology will continue to evolve, and more healthcare apps are expected to be developed. For the effective use of these services, it is imperative to check user preferences. Governments that manage and authorize these services also need to implement policies based on the needs of users and providers.
Water, Salt, and Heat in Raised Field Agriculture: Using Hydrologic Modeling and Thermal Imagery to Investigate Soil Drainage and Temperature Dynamics
Authors: Price Seth
Published: March 2024

On the north coast of Peru in the Casma Valley exist relict raised agricultural field systems dating to the Late Intermediate Period Chimu Empire (ca. 1300 – 1470 CE). While similar in many ways to other inland and coastal raised fields in South America, these fields are relatively unique in climate, weather patterns, and layout. The topography and hydrology of the Casma Valley provide clues on how these fields operated and why they differ from the regional norm. This paper reports satellite and drone-based aerial reconnaissance results used to collect multiscalar data for flow modeling and thermal photogrammetry. Flow modeling methods are compared to determine the best way to gain insight into surface hydrology using only elevation data, and a novel method of low-cost, accessible thermal photogrammetry is proposed and tested. These data results provide a landscape-oriented perspective on the Casma River floodplain and help us to understand the short and long-term effects of raised field agriculture in this area.
Heavy metal tolerance and detoxification mechanism mediated by heavy metal resistance genes in compost habitat
Authors: Qin Xiaoya , Li Qunliang
Published: March 2024

Heavy metal pollution from compost is one of the most concerned environmental problems, which poses a threat to the ecosystem and human health. This study aims to reveal the heavy metal tolerance and detoxification mechanism mediated by heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) in compost habitat through metagenomics combined with chemical speciation analysis of heavy metals. The results showed that there were 37 HMRGs corresponding to 7 common heavy metal(loid)s in composting, and they had the ability to transform heavy metals into stable or low-toxic speciation by regulating enzyme transport, redox and methylation, etc. This study summarized the heavy metal metabolism pathway mediated by HMRGs, providing a new perspective for understanding the transformation of heavy metals in the composting process.
Lessons Learned from ICU Research During a Pandemic: A Multisite Qualitative Study to Inform Research Innovation
Authors: Dainty Katie N. , Seaton M. Bianca , Cuthbertson Brian H. , Rose Louise , Murthy Srinivas , Dale Craig
Published: March 2024

Purpose Emergency conditions such as the COVID-19 pandemic pose complex scientific and ethical challenges for researchers, which must be addressed to optimise efficiencies in trial conduct. Our purpose was to examine key factors essential to creating an agile system responsive to the rapidly changing research and clinical environment and to understand how we might learn from this unique experience to bolster research capacity in future pandemics.Methods Our evaluation employed robust qualitative descriptive methodology which comprises an approach for gathering information directly from those experiencing an event or process and flexible application of theoretical frameworks to assist in the analysis. Data was collected through individual interviews of key research stakeholders and our thematic analysis was informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).Results Over 17 months, we interviewed 64 participants across four research sites. Our findings uncovered key challenges in each of the 5 constructs of the CFIR: the outer setting, the inner setting, intervention characteristics, individual characteristics and rapid implantation processes which were put in place to allow crucial research to happen under extenuating circumstances.Conclusion Our data demonstrate the pandemic-magnified shortcomings of a precarious research infrastructure both in local ICUs and at the national level. Focusing investment on more efficient research platforms and administration, considering research and data sharing capacity and patient and family experience in protocol development, building a robust research workforce, and revamping the funding architecture at all levels are important lessons to promote seamless delivery of critical care research in pandemic conditions.
The evolution of genetic variability at the LRRK2 locus
Authors: Farrer Matthew , Guenther Dylan , Follett Jordan , Sassi Samia Ben , Amouri Rim , Hentati Faycel
Published: March 2024

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) c.6055G>A (p.G2019S) is a frequent cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD) accounting for >30% of Tunisian Arab-Berber patients. LRRK2 is widely expressed in the immune system and its kinase activity confers a survival advantage from infection in animal models. Here we assess haplotype variability in cis and in trans of the LRRK2 c.6055G>A mutation, define the age of the pathogenic allele, explore its relationship to age of disease onset (AOO), and provide evidence for its positive selection.
Metformin attenuates high-carbohydrate diet-induced redox imbalance, inflamation and mitochondrial dysfunction in Megalobrama amblycephala
Authors: ADJOUMANI Jean-Jacques Yao , Abasubong Kenneth Prudence , Zhang Ling , Liu Wen-Bin , Liu Xiang-Fei , Desouky Hesham Eed
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary metformin supplementation on the redox balance, inflammation and mitochondrial biogenesis and function in blunt snout bream fed a high-carbohydrate (HC) diet. Fish (45.12 ± 0.36 g) were randomly offered four diets, including a control diet (33% carbohydrate), a HC diet (45% carbohydrate) and the HC diet supplemented with 0.06% (HCM1) and 0.12% (HCM2) metformin respectively for 12 weeks. Compared with the control, feeding the HC diet significantly increased the hepatosomatic index (HSI), the mesenteric fat index, liver and muscle glycogen contents, liver and adipose tissue lipid contents, plasma glucose and glycation end products (AGES) levels and aspartate transaminase activity, plasma and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, hepatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) contents, mitochondrial cytochrome c content, mitochondrial complex IV activity and ATP 6 transcription, but decreased plasma catalase (CAT) activity, muscle superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, hepatic antioxidant enzymes activities and the transcriptions of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and interleukin 10 (IL10). Compared with the HC group, metformin treatment (especially the HCM2 group) significantly elevated tissue glycogen contents, muscle SOD activity, plasma and liver antioxidant enzymes activities, the transcriptions of TGFβ and IL10, the sodium/potassium ATPase activity, the contents of mitochondrial protein and AMP, the level of p-AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the p-AMPK/t-AMPK ratio, but lowered the HSI, tissue lipid contents, plasma levels of glucose, AGES and glycated serum protein, plasma and liver MDA contents, the transcriptions of IL1β, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 and ATP 6, the contents of ATP and cytochrome c, the ATP/AMP ratio and the activities of complexes I and IV. In conclusion, metformin could attenuate the HCdiet-induced redox imbalance, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in blunt snout bream.
Expanding Catalytic Versatility of Modular Polyketide Synthases for Alcohol Biosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Lihan , Yao Shunyu , Xie Shengling , Liu Runzhou , Huang Zilei
Published: March 2024

Modular polyketide synthases biosynthesize structurally diverse natural products by a set of catalytic domains that operate in an assembly line fashion. Although extensive research has focused on the rational reprogramming of modular polyketide synthases, little has been attempted to introduce uncanonical catalytic reactions on the assembly line. Here, we demonstrate the insertion of a thioester reductase domain, which can generate a terminal alcohol group instead of the canonical carboxylic acid, onto the assembly line polyketide synthases. We show that the didomain insertion of the acyl carrier protein and thioester reductase pair is generally effective for engineering of various polyketide synthase pathways. As a proof-of-concept, stereoselective and stereodivergent bioproduction of non-natural diols, namely 1,3-butanediols and 2-methyl-1,3-butanediols was achieved by harnessing the modularity of polyketide synthases. Our study expands the catalytic versatility of modular polyketide synthases and paves the way towards biosynthesis of designer alcohols.
Effect of nanoparticles reinforcement of Silicon dioxide derived from natural agriculture waste prosopis juliflora on Silver-Grey Magnesium nanocomposite: Utilization of Silicon dioxide mechanical and tribological properties
Authors: Arundeep M , Suresh V , Srinivasn M , Yuvaraj K P
Published: March 2024

The automotive and aviation industries are required lightweight materials to enhance working efficiency. Composites are developed as lightweight alternatives materials, blending materials such as aluminium, magnesium, titanium, steel, copper, and their alloys in various combinations. The present investigation to fabricate a Silver-Grey Magnesium (Mg-25%Si) alloy-based nanocomposite with silicon dioxide (SiO2) nano reinforcement at weight % of 0, 3.25, 6.5 and 9.75 utilizing two steps stir casting method. The nano reinforcements different wt. % are prepared by using agricultural waste prosopis juliflora. The microhardness, tensile, wear, and impact tests are performed on the Silver-Grey Magnesium nanocomposites (Mg-25%Si/SiO2) utilizing a computerized tensometer testing machine, a Vicker’s hardness tester, a pin-on-disc tribometer, and an Izod impact, respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) with elemental mapping microstructure were employed to scrutinize the tensile specimen fracture, EDAX, elemental mapping microstructure, wear, CoF, and worn surface characterization and impact strength analysis. The results of the Mg-25%Si/SiO2 nanocomposites shown an increase in SiO2 nano reinforcements that considerably increased microhardness, tensile strength, wear resistance, and impact strength when compared to the Silver-Grey Magnesium (Mg-25%Si) base alloy.
Prevention of preterm birth among singleton pregnant women with an obtuse uterocervical angle: a quasi-experimental study on the value of cervical pessary combined with progesterone
Authors: Nguyen Thi Hoang Trang , Vu Van Tam , Nguyen Vu Quoc Huy
Published: March 2024

Background: Micronized progesterone has been shown to be an effective preterm birth prophylactic intervention in singleton pregnancies with short cervical length measured via transvaginal ultrasound in the second trimester. The use of cervical pessary as a preventive method for preterm birth has limited research and controversial findings when compared to progesterone-combining pessary, with the hypothesis that it narrows the uterocervical angle and reduces the risk of preterm birth. This study aimed to evaluate the value of cervical pessary combined with progesterone in the prevention of preterm birth among singleton pregnant women with a short cervix having uterocervical angles ≥95o.
Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent-group design was conducted on 225 singleton pregnant women with a gestational age of 16+0 - 23+6 weeks, having cervical length ≤25 mm. Participants were assigned into two groups: prophylactic treatment with progesterone alone or progesterone combined with a cervical pessary. The association between cervical length, uterocervical angle (≥95o or ≥105o), and preterm birth outcomes (<37 weeks or <34 weeks) was assessed by using a multivariable binary regression model. The difference was statistically significant with p <0.05.
Results: The probability of preterm birth <37 weeks in the group of pregnant women with a uterocervical angle ≥95o treated by progesterone plus cervical pessary decreased in comparison to the progesterone alone group, with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.343 (0.147-0.801). In the group of pregnant women with a uterocervical angle ≥105o, the treatment by a cervical pessary plus progesterone yielded a lower rate of preterm birth <37 weeks and <34 weeks, with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.026 (0.005-0.132), and 0.084 (0.021-0.347), respectively.
Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that a cervical pessary has an added effect combined with progesterone in preventing preterm birth among singleton pregnant women with obtuse uterocervical angles. The preventive effect is stronger if the uterocervical angle measurement is ≥105o.
Investigating the effect of endometrial thickness changes and compaction on the fertility rate in patients undergoing ART: A prospective study
Authors: Etezadi Atoosa , Aghahosseini Marzieh , Aleyassin Ashraf , Hosseinimousa Sedigheh , Najafian Ayda , Sarvi Fatemeh , Nashtaee Maryam Shabani
Published: March 2024

Background:
Today, the thickness of the endometrium as a key factor plays an important role in pregnancy outcomes of infertile patients. Based on this, it has been shown that endometrial compaction affect fertility success in patients. In this study, the impact of endometrial compaction on pregnancy outcomes has been evaluated.
Material and methods:
This prospective cohort study included 250 patients undergoing embryo transfer, who referred to the infertility center of Shariati Hospital in Tehran between 2021–2022. They were examined from the point of view of the relationship between endometrial thickness changes and fertility rate in FET and Fresh cycles. After preparing the endometrium, its thickness was evaluated by ultrasound.
Result:
The results showed that the percentage of chemical and clinical pregnancy in the compact group was higher compared to the non-compact one, which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The rate of pregnancy in four groups of 5, 10, 15, and %20 compaction was 77(30.4%), 49(19.4%), 28(11.1%), and 14(5.5%), respectively.
Conclusion:
Finally, endometrial compaction can be associated with an increase in chemical and clinical pregnancy rate in infertile patients. In addition, secondary thickness has predictive value for clinical pregnancy.
Output Feedback Adaptive Inverse OptimalSecurity Control for Stochastic NonlinearCyber-Physical Systems under Sensor andActuator Attacks
Authors: Chen Zebin , Yu Zhaoxu , Li Shugang
Published: March 2024

This paper addresses the inverse optimal security control problems for a class of stochastic non-strict feedback nonlinear Cyber-Physical Systems under sensor and actuator attacks. The concerned system model includes both stochastic disturbances and more general nonlinearity. First, to make the control design feasible, a linear state transformation is applied to the attacked system. Furthermore, in the process of backstepping design, based on the Nussbaum gain function formula, fuzzy logic system approximation method, and inverse optimal control theory, combing the available output signal, an output feedback inverse optimal controller is proposed. Specifically, the designed controller not only ensures that the system is secure under network attacks but also optimal in terms of the cost function. Finally, two physical examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme in various network attacks.
Effects of enrofloxacin and povidone-iodine on immunity, intestinal microbes, and transcription pathways of grass carp
Authors: Chen Zhilong , Ma Lixin , Chen Sien , Huang Yao , Qin Zhendong , Lin Li , Shi Fei
Published: March 2024

The gut microbiota is crucial for maintaining the internal ecological balance of fish health. In aquaculture, antibiotics and disinfectants are frequently used to manipulate the host gut microbiota, but the combined effects on asymptomatic fish remain unclear. We investigated the effects of single and combined treatments with antibiotics and disinfectants on grass carp gut health, immune response, microbiome dynamics and transcriptome profile. In a two-week trial, grass carp were exposed to enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg) in the basal diet or povidone-iodine (0.05 mg/L) in freshwater. Enrofloxacin and povidone iodine induced oxidative stress, reduced the activity of digestive enzymes and altered the diversity of the gut microbiota. Transcriptome analysis showed downregulation of immune-related signaling pathways. Both treatments decreased mRNA expression of immune-related genes and induced histopathologic changes and apoptosis. In conclusion, enrofloxacin and povidone-iodine can induce oxidative stress, disrupt the balance of the gut microbiota, decrease mucosal immune responses and induce apoptosis in grass carp.
Lactate to albumin ratio as a prognosis predictor in gastrointestinal bleeding in the emergency department
Authors: Bae SungJin , Namgung Myeong , Jung Kwang Yul , Lee Dong Hoon , Choi Yoon Hee , Choi Yunhyung , Chung Ho Sub
Published: March 2024

Background Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a common cause of emergency department (ED) visits and has a variety of prognoses. This study aimed to verify the prognosis prediction ability of the lactate/albumin ratio (L/A ratio) in GIB patients compared to the AIMS65 score and the blood urea nitrogen/albumin ratio (B/A ratio).Methods This retrospective study was conducted among patients complaining of GIB symptoms who visited an ED in 2019. Baseline characteristics and laboratory data were obtained to calculate the L/A ratio, B/A ratio, and AIMS65 score. Each score was evaluated as a predictor of ICU admission and in-hospital mortality using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve.Results Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the L/A ratio significantly predicted ICU admission and in-hospital mortality. The AUROC scores for predicting ICU admission were 0.788 for the L/A ratio, 0.695 for the B/A ratio, and 0.586 for the AIMS65 score. For predicting in-hospital mortality, the scores were 0.807 for the L/A ratio, 0.799 for the B/A ratio, and 0.683 for AIMS65.Conclusions The L/A ratio, consisting of serum lactate and albumin levels, had superior performance relative to the other tools (B/A and AIMS65) in predicting the prognosis of GIB patients.