bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pattern of strong earthquakes
Authors: Mizrahi Ezra , Shapira Avi , Mizrahi Moran , Terem Omri , Hofstetter Rami
Published: October 2022

The idea that one earthquake is associated with the occurrence of another earthquake is not new. In this study, we focus our attention on the relationships between the occurrence of a relatively strong earthquake in a certain seismogenic region and the occurrence of an earthquake of similar magnitude in a distant region. The complete catalog of seismic activity between 1904–2016 documents the subsequent events and over the years reveals a global, seismic activity pattern, (GSAP). This pattern is evident when an earthquake of magnitude M is followed within a relatively short period of weeks by an earthquake of a similar magnitude, and where the two events are located on latitudes of practically the same absolute value. Roughly 90% of all earthquakes of magnitude 6.5 and above follow the GSAP within a time window of less than a year. In addition, this high GSAP rate remains constant even after shuffling the dates of the earthquakes, several times. This is also evident in the current model of the tectonic plates and the frequency-magnitude relationships associated with each seismogenic zone. Subsequently, the observed seismic activity pattern is probably a statistical product and does not appear to relate to a physical causative process. At the same time, the significance of the GSAP, leads us to consider that the GSAP can be harnessed for statistical earthquake forecasting. This idea was, grounded and evaluated using synthetic earthquake catalogues where the success rates of forecasting an earthquake in catalog B followed the occurrence of an earthquake in catalog A. Additionally, the success rate of forecasting events in catalog B, according to the GSAP definitions are demonstrated to be statistically lower than the probabilities of a random occurrence in a similar magnitude earthquake which appears in ISC catalog B. These results were compared to actual cases. Arbitrarily selected pairs of seismogenic zones that are located on the same latitudes clearly demonstrate that the success rate of forecasting the earthquake occurrences that adhere to the GSAP are always higher than mere guesswork and therefor may be considered to offer a potential operational earthquake forecasting tool.
QuickDiag: A low cost oral cancer detection kit
Authors: Bhirud Ritesh , Rane Nileema
Published: October 2022

Significance: Oral cancer is a cancerous growth in the oral cavity. More than 90% of all oral cancers are squamous cell carcinoma. Oral squamous cell carcinoma has the highest mortality ratio compared to other carcinomas. The high mortality rate is mainly due to detection of the cancer in an advanced stage on account of its initial asymptomatic nature. In addition, the methods currently in place for oral cancer detection involve expensive complex laboratory procedures and usually longer wait times for patients leading to late diagnosis. Further, the treatments for advanced staged cancers are costly and less effective in terms of the posttreatment survival rates. Thus, society needs an easy-to-use tool for assessing oral cancers at an early stage.
Aim: The aim of the project is to develop an easily accessible multi-step point of-care kit which will assist in early detection of oral cancer at a low cost in vulnerable population.
Approach: The kit developed consisted of a complete and easy to operate home-based test. The test was based on the patient’s salivary and photo sample to obtain an oral cancer risk-analysis with detailed statistics on a custom developed app. These results were based on a thermal reaction of a formulated Thiobarbituric Acid reagent along with a spectroscopy sensor connected to a smartphone to determine oral cancer risk based on malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, which is a product of the free radicals generated by smoking (leading cause of oral cancer).
For the image screening, a simple yet effective centered rule image-capturing approach was proposed for collecting oral cavity images. Then, based on this method, a medium-sized oral dataset with five categories of diseases was created, and a resampling method was presented to alleviate the effect of image variability from hand-held smartphone cameras. Finally, a recent deep learning network (HRNet) was introduced to evaluate the performance of our method for oral cancer detection.
Results: The image screening method achieved a sensitivity of 78.0%, specificity of 91%, and precision of 80% on 400 test images. In addition, the chemical test detected salivary MDA levels with 94% accuracy among 400 samples.
Theoretical mass spectrum of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Ng Wenfa
Published: October 2022

RNA-seq transcriptomics has revolutionized the way we understand gene expression, by providing us granular view of the expression level of individual genes across the genome. Typically, an RNA-seq transcriptome is dissected in different ways from different perspectives yielding multi-facet views of the cellular processes of the organism. This work attempts to relook how to visualise the top 20 high expression level proteins of an RNA-seq transcriptome as a theoretical mass spectrum of the species. In this conceptualisation, the expression count of the protein will be the proxy for relative mass count intensity, while the molecular weight of the proteins will be the x-axis of the theoretical mass spectrum. Such a mass spectrum can be interpreted in many ways with conclusions having deep roots in experiment as the original RNA-seq data is obtained with experiments. One use of the theoretical mass spectrum would be to inform us of the postulated growth rate of the species under given conditions through the average count of the profiled mass peaks. High count signifies high protein synthesis, and thus, growth rate. In another use, the theoretical mass spectrum could provide indicative evidence of the type of proteins that define, modulate or govern the physiological process of the cells. Although coarse in understanding, getting an answer of whether high or low molecular weight proteins define the physiological processes of the cells may have unexpected implications that is not apparent with today’s technology and knowledge base in biology. This work introduces the theoretical mass spectrum of Helicobacter pylori, an important human stomach pathogen that is the causative agent of stomach cancer.
Régimen generizado de control migratorio y fronterizo. La producción de expulsabilidad en Argentina
Authors: Rosas Carolina , Araujo Sandra Gil
Published: October 2022

Este artículo se inscribe en la línea de estudios críticos sobre régimen de control migratorio y fronterizo, y aporta al conocimiento de la forma que este régimen adquiere en Sudamérica, específicamente en Argentina. Se focaliza en la dimensión de la expulsabilidad, que remite a las herramientas legales y administrativas que posibilitan la producción legal de la ilegalidad migratoria. El objetivo es analizar, desde una perspectiva de género, la evolución estadística de tres herramientas estatales (2010-2020): rechazos de ingresos, cancelaciones de residencia y disposiciones por expulsión. También se examina el contexto normativo y la literatura especializada. El estudio realizado sugiere que, como en los países del norte global, en Argentina la producción de la expulsabilidad está masculinizada. Resulta fundamental, entonces, atender a la generización del control migratorio, incorporando una perspectiva interseccional y situada que contemple los efectos diferenciales sobre varones, mujeres y otras identidades de género.
doppelgäenger como tema y técnica narrativa en la obra de Ricardo Piglia
Authors: Loera Ramírez Alfredo
Published: October 2022

En este artículo se aborda la presencia de la figura del doppelgäenger o el doble como tema y técnica en la narrativa de Ricardo Piglia. Después de hacer un recuento de las técnicas y perspectivas poéticas del escritor argentino, con base en múltiples estudios de su obra, se plantea un tipo de lectura a partir del doble que vendría a esbozar una correlación interna entre su obra novelística y la publicación de Los diarios de Emilio Renzi. Para una mejor explicación de lo anterior, se retoman algunos aspectos de la figura del doble dentro de la tradición literaria y del pensamiento moderno, ya sea desde la perspectiva de los románticos alemanes, pasando por el psicoanálisis, hasta llegar a las teorías formalista y estructuralista de la literatura. De esta manera, se sugiere que mediante la evocación de pasajes de sus novelas en el mundo narrado de Los diarios… se genera un efecto de extrañamiento (ostranenie), el cual es clave para los trabajos tanto críticos como estéticos del narrador.
Strategies for Gene-Based Therapy of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Wang Donna H. , Bukoski Richard D.
Published: October 2022

Essential hypertension and atherosclerosis are major contributors to life threatening cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction, stroke, and ischemic organ damage. Current treatment strategies for both of these complex diseases is inadequate. Gene-based approaches have the potential to provide significantly improved therapies related to the specificity by which defective processes can be targeted. These therapies will be based on both traditional pharmacologic targets and novel targets that are permitted by the nature of the treatment. Progress in the development of these gene-based therapies will depend on both the development of effective vectors which can deliver gene medicines in regulated doses in a tissue or organ specific manner and upon continued progress in our understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of these complex and multifactorial diseases processes.
Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases: Structure Based Design
Authors: Zask Arie , Levin Jeremy I. , Killar Loran M. , Skotnicki Jerauld S.
Published: October 2022

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) have been implicated in a variety of diseases in which the destruction of connective tissue is an important pathological event. These include osteo and rheumatoid arthritis, tumor metastasis and angiogenesis, and corneal ulceration. As a result, there has been a great deal of activity directed towards the design of MMP inhibitors as therapeutic agents for the treatment of these conditions. Progress in the field has now evolved to a degree where potent, low molecular weight, orally active inhibitors have been discovered and advanced to clinical trials. While a majority of inhibitors are dipeptide derivatives, a non-peptide, orally active inhibitor has recently been reported. Some success has also been achieved in the design of subtype selective MMP inhibitors. The elucidation of X-ray and 0NMR structures of several MMPs, and the ability to create homology models of others has provided an understanding of some of the structural requirements leading to potency and specificity. Herein is a review of recent advances in the biology and chemistry of MMPs and MMP inhibitors, including the association of MMPs with specific disease processes, structure activity relationships of MMP inhibitors and factors affecting enzyme specificity and their correlation with MMP structure.
Detection of Rockfalls on Tunnel Faces Using Extracted Moving Objects, Excavation Point Estimation, and Generation of Trajectory Images
Authors: Kobayashi Rei , Sato Yoshihiro , Takahashi Yoshiki , Maemura Masahito , Miura Masaya , Bao Yue
Published: October 2022

Background:

Tunnels are constructed at various locations for infrastructural purposes. During tunnel construction, industrial accidents have occurred due to rockfalls at tunnel faces. In addition, it has been confirmed that large rockfalls are precursors to tunnel collapses. Visual monitoring is currently used to detect such rockfalls. However, there are limitations to visual monitoring, and monitoring equipment is needed.

Objective:

In existing research, the inter-frame difference method of image processing and laser measurement methods have been proposed. However, there are difficulties in monitoring the entirety of the tunnel face using these methods. Thus, we propose methods that can overcome these difficulties and accurately detect rockfalls and identify where they occur.

Methods:

In this study, we propose a method for detecting rockfalls by combining the extraction of moving objects on a tunnel face and the estimation of excavation points. To identify the location of the rockfalls, rockfall trajectory images were generated.

Results:

Through experiments conducted during excavation, it was confirmed that the proposed method could correctly identify and detect only rockfalls in real time and identify the locations where they occurred.

Conclusion:

In this study, only rockfalls of 52 mm x 71 mm in size are detected in real time. It can enable workers to evacuate and prevent industrial accidents. In addition, by identifying the location of rockfalls, it is possible to know the danger level of the tunnel face.
Green Extraction Techniques to Obtain Bioactive Concentrates Rich in Terpenoids
Authors: de Aguiar Ana Carolina , Baião Dias Arthur Luiz , Viganó Juliane
Published: October 2022

Terpenoids, also called isoprenoids or terpenes, are a large class of natural
products which display a wide range of biological activities. They are major
constituents of essential oils produced by aromatic plants and tree resins. Due to their
notable biological activities, these compounds have enormous economic importance,
being widely used as bioactive ingredients in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical
industries. The growing demand from consumers and regulatory agencies to develop
green sustainable industrial processes has resulted in the emergence of new
technologies for obtaining bioactive compounds from natural sources. Thus, many
works have been reported in the literature regarding the development and application of
new methods for obtaining terpenoids from natural sources that meet the demands of
green processes, with reduced consumption of solvent and energy, less waste
generation, and use of non-toxic solvents. This chapter proposes to present the main
methods of green extraction to obtain terpenoids-rich extracts, with an emphasis on
low-pressure methods, such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE); and high-pressure methods (here considered as pressures
greater than 5 bar), including extraction with supercritical fluids (SFE), subcritical
water (SWE) and liquefied petroleum gas extraction (LPG). In addition, the future
perspectives and the main challenges regarding the development of alternative methods
for the recovery of terpenoids are presented and discussed.
Terpenes Behavior in Soil
Authors: Mauli Marcia M. , Meneghetti Adriana M. , Nóbrega Lúcia H. P.
Published: October 2022

Soil is a complex and dynamic system in constant change due to its natural
processes, as well as interaction among physical, chemical and biological
characteristics that take part in it. However, the greatest transformation occurred due to
the farm business and the adopted management system. Thus, man can manipulate
some soil characteristics and make it more suitable for cropping development.
Although anthropic action cannot fully control how soil characteristics interact, it is
possible to track them. The action of chemical substances should not be disregarded, a
product of the secondary metabolism of plants, since they interfere with plant's ability
to compete and survive. Such substances can act out as protectors against herbivores
and pathogens. They can be attractive or repellent agents in plant-plant competition and
plant-microorganism symbiosis. They can also influence the interaction between plant
matter and soil organisms. Among these substances, terpenoids are highlighted as the
most structurally diverse chemical family in the class of secondary metabolites that are
part of natural products. This knowledge allows a better understanding of nutrient
decomposition and cycling processes, the influence of environmental factors on
production and terpenoid variability in some plants with medicinal and economic
importance. 
Potential Use of Terpenoids for Control of Insect Pests
Authors: Fazolin Murilo , Ribeiro Bizzo Humberto , Medeiros Monteiro André Fábio
Published: October 2022

Essential oils (EOs) have diverse chemical compositions depending on the
plant species used, but the most common constituents present in EOs are mono- and
sesquiterpenoids. Such volatile terpenoids have different functions in plant ecology,
acting, for example, as chemical defenses against fungi, bacteria, and insects, attracting
pollinators, inhibiting germination, and mediating intra- and interspecific plant
communication. Mainly terpenoids present the ability to inhibit the main families of
detoxifying enzymes of insects, allowing the formulation of botanical insecticides, and
using blends of EO compounds considered synergists among themselves. In this case,
both combinations of essential oils from different plants and the enrichment of essential
oils and/or their fractions with compounds with proven synergistic effects can be
considered. This chapter presents research results that indicate synergistic, additive,
and antagonistic interactions between terpenoids, indicating that this is one of the main
properties considered when formulating insecticides based on commercially available
EOs. Considerable advances are still necessary for large-scale production, and
limitations related to raw material supply, registration, and, mainly, adequacy of
formulations for the control of different targets without phytotoxic effects, are the main
challenges to be overcome in the short-term
Potential Antimicrobial Activities of Terpenoids
Authors: Shaaban Hamdy A. , Farouk Amr
Published: October 2022

The antimicrobial effect of essential oils and their main constituents, the
terpenoids, has been generally reviewed in this article, with a comparative investigation
of the structure-activity relationship. Terpenoids are widespread metabolites in plants
belonging to different chemical classes, whereas oxygenated derivatives constitute the
predominates. They could be classified as diterpenes, triterpenes, tetraterpenes, or
hemiterpenes and sesquiterpenes. As crude materials, terpenoids are also broadly
utilized in drug, food, and beauty care product ventures. Terpenoids have antitumor,
anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antimalarial effects, promote transdermal
absorption, prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases, and hypoglycemic activities.
Moreover, terpenoids have many critical uses as insecticides, immunoregulators,
antioxidants, antiaging, and neuroprotection agents. Terpenoids have a complicated
construction with assorted impacts and various components of activity. Using plants –
containing – terpenoids as neutraceuticals in the nutrition of humans and animals also
constitutes a potential issue as natural inhibitors for microbes. These phytochemicals
are generally conveyed in soil products and are particularly helpful in food protection
as microbial development inhibitors. 
Automatic Suggestion Model for Tourist Using Efficient BST Searching
Authors: Rastogi Etika , Gupta Kajal , Rawat Mukesh
Published: October 2022

The traditional artificial guide service can be substituted by the advancedintelligent tourism guide system, which can help many developing tourism industries asthe demand for tourism is going higher in today's world. An intelligent tourism guidesystem can create automatic recommendations according to the preferences [1]. Withthe instantaneous evolution of computer technology and electronic informationtechnology as the basis, this chapter combines the tree-based algorithm and associatedknowledge of tree theory to implement an algorithm and processing plan. The objectiveof our approach is to build a relationship between the user and the system. Theapplication provides many services to the user meeting their needs and the purpose ofgaining information about the places. The application mainly represents a mobile tourguide system with augmented reality. The main objective of the application is to makea system that runs on most of the mobile devices and becomes helpful to the user whilevisiting new places. The system should find a place using user preferences, likebeaches, historical monuments, hill stations, temples, adventurous places, etc. Thesystem should show recommendations about those places along with the descriptionand images. This application will help the people who love to travel and want to travelto new places without having previous information about the place. This model [2-5]makes the use of efficient BST Searching as compared to the database. The informationabout various places is stored in the tree data structure, and it becomes easy to store alot of data in the tree as compared to the database because it requires more memory andtime to store lots of information into the database. The main advantage of using thesystem is to make the searching process easier and to ease the process of storing thedata in the tree rather than the database. The tree-based algorithm is efficient in termsof storage and retrieval of data so that the performance of the system is enhanced. Theapplication takes less time to fetch the data using a tree-based algorithm according toadded preferences by the user as compared to the database, which takes more time tofetch the data and to display it as required.
Recommender Systems and their Application in Recommending Research Papers
Authors: Gupta Sonam , Goel Lipika , Vashisht Rohit
Published: October 2022

Recommendation systems are widely used today by online stores andvarious other leading sites, like Facebook, Instagram and LinkedIn, for providingsuggestions to the users. The recommendation process helps the users to find the itemsthat they may be interested in. Also, it is beneficial for the company to improve itsoverall profit. Recommendation engines use collaborative filtering technique orcontent-based approach to acquaint the users with such items. As these engines are sobeneficial for users as well as for the trading websites, they have already been appliedto a large number of fields, such as medical, education, tourism, finance, marketing andbusiness; however, some areas are yet left unexplored. In this paper, we are presentingone such area where if recommendation engines are used, they can help a huge numberof researchers around the globe. We propose a recommendation system that can help anumber of scholars to get research papers based on the keyword entered by them, andthe user will set a similarity index. This value of similarity will help in getting a limitednumber of papers from a huge pool.
Load Balanced Clustering in WSN using MADM Approaches
Authors: Lekhraj  , Kumar Alok , Singh Avjeet , Kumar Anoj
Published: October 2022

Over the last several decades, wireless sensor networks have grabbed a lot ofattention because of their wide range of applications in scientific communities as wellas industrial aspects. In WSN, sensor nodes are created with very limited resources,imposing energy constraints. Therefore, it is important to design a less energyconsuming,ascendible and power-efficient approach by selecting the optimal clusterheads (CHs) to enhance the life of these networks. Clustered sensor network is amethod to optimize the power consumption in the network, which greatly affects theperformance of the networks. In this article, we looked at clustering and routing issuesby employing intelligent optimization techniques by considering the maximumattribute of the wireless sensor networks (WSN), which are conflicting in nature. Theefficiency of WSN mainly depends upon the conflicting attributes, like residual energy,CH to base station distance, normal node to CH distance, etc. In this paper, multiattributedecision making (MADM) technique is considered for choosing the optimalCHs, so that energy consumption of the nodes is minimized and lifetime of the networkcan be maximized. The proposed approach is compared with other approaches likeLEACH, HEED, etc. Results verified that the proposed algorithm is outmatched incomparison to existing algorithms.
Efficient Resources Utilization of Containerized Applications Using TOPSIS
Authors: Yadav Mahendra Pratap , Akarte Harishchandra A. , Yadav Kumar
Published: October 2022

Highly demanding services require an appropriate amount of resources tomanage the fluctuating workload in cloud environment, which is a challenging task forcloud service provides over the Internet. Cloud providers offer these services to enduserwith pay and use model, such as utility computing. The services are offered toend-user by a cloud provider in a shareable fashion over Infrastructure-as-a-Service.So, IaaS is a type of computing service on which third parties host their application onvirtualized platforms, such as either VMs or Containers. Whenever some containers areoverloaded or under-loaded, it may cause SLA violation, degrade performance, cosumemaximum energy, and also cause minimum throughput and maximum response time. Italso leads to minimizing the customer satisfaction level along with cloud providers,leading to the penalty. The services hosted on VMs or Containers are highlydemanding services, and these highly demanding services are handled with the help ofload balancing. Load balancing is a way to automatically transfer the incoming requestsor load across a group of back-end containers. It improves the distribution of workloadacross multiple virtual machines. Traditionally, load balancing algorithms use one ortwo parameters to balance the load. In this paper, we used one of the popularoptimization techniques, namely the Technique for Order of Preferences by Similarityto Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) algorithm to manage the incoming traffic with the multiplecriteriadecision-making (MCDM) technique. When the proposed technique wascompared with different other techniques, such as round robin, it was found thatTOPSIS gives better performance in terms of efficient resources utilization. It alsominimizes the average response time, which prevents the machine from gettingoverloaded.
Occupational Epidemiology
Authors: Moon Bang Ki
Published: October 2022

The development of occupational epidemiology has been steadily
accelerating, regardingmethodology and the number of studies being conducted. This
chapter reviews the general application of occupational epidemiology and illustrates
some of the various studies reported in the literature to assist in the practical
application of the epidemiologic approach. The epidemiologist uses analytic tools such
as the case-control method to examine the complexity of variables to understand
workplace exposures to disease. The analytic methods used to examine epidemiologic
data have become more sophisticated over the past several decades as the focus of
occupational epidemiology has shifted to the detection of early health effects associated
with low-level exposures. In the future, epidemiologists need to collaborate more
effectively with toxicologists, environmental scientists and biostatisticians to improve
the collection of exposure data and develop more precise methods for estimating
exposure that account for metabolism and excretion of toxic materials. Continuous
improvement of epidemiologic analytic methods and prevention of occupational
disease and surveillance are needed.
Work-Related Asthma
Authors: Rosenman Kenneth
Published: October 2022

Work-related asthma is a common condition that affects men and women
who work in a wide range of industries. Adults can develop new-onset asthma after a
latency period of months to years of exposure where they become immunologically
sensitized or after an acute exposure that causes bronchial wall damage. Adults can
also experience the aggravation of pre-existing asthma that may have developed in
childhood but becomes worse after exposure at work to respiratory irritants. Exposure
to over 300 substances., including chemicals, metals, insects, animals, plants, or fungi,
have been identified that cause new-onset asthma. There are thousands of substances,
as well as cold air or stress, that can aggravate pre-existing asthma. Guidelines have
been developed for prompt recognition and diagnosis of work-related asthma because
ongoing exposure after the onset of asthma symptoms is associated with a poorer
prognosis. Both primary and secondary prevention have a role in reducing the
occurrence and morbidity of the condition. The field has continued to advance with the
recognition of an increased number of etiological agents, an understanding of the
pathophysiology, an understanding of the prognosis and factors associated with a better
prognosis, and the initiation of work on the interaction with genetic variability.
Awareness of the disease by clinicians and the promulgation of allowable air standards
by regulatory agencies that protect against the development of asthma at work will be
essential to reduce the burden of this disease.
Introduction
Authors: Koyunoğlu Cemil , Karaca Hüseyin
Published: October 2022

The purpose of writing this book is to justify the production of biofuels fromalgae to minimize the emissions of fossil fuel technologies to reduce theirenvironmental effects. Moreover, the use of algae, to reduce the amount of CO2emissions from the global CO2 cycle is an alternative to existing biomass conversiontechnologies. The book covers the most efficient algae-to-oil conversion technologies,fuel characterization, and their reflection on different technologies. It is our hope thatthe topics here will not only help the scientific community for a more thoroughunderstanding of alternatives to fossil fuels but also the civil society at large as well aspolicymakers at national and international level.
Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) Technology
Authors: Yılmazoğlu Mesut
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this book chapter is to provide general information regardingmicrobial fuel cell (MFC) systems, an important type of fuel cell of environmentallyfriendly energy conversion systems as an alternative to fossil fuel technologies.Besides, it is one of the main motivations of this study to include the academicliterature on microbial fuel cells, which is a very popular field of study in recent years.In this context, the history, principles, and different approaches of MFCs are discussed.After that, the materials (anode, cathode, membrane, etc.) that make up the system areexamined. Finally, different types of microbial fuel cells that can be varied by materialdesign are discussed and presented.
Algae Cultivation in Different Systems
Authors: Yaşar Fevzi
Published: October 2022

Since algae are simple organisms that contain chlorophyll, they can be foundanywhere on earth where they can use light for photosynthesis. Although pool-typeopen systems are generally used, closed photobioreactors are also used in thecultivation of algae. The low investment and operating costs of the outdoor pools madethe system preferable in the industry. However, the difficulty of controlling theproduction conditions and the risk of contamination appears as the disadvantages of thesystem. It is necessary to compare fundamental aspects such as effective use of light inlarge-scale culture systems, temperature, hydrodynamic balance in algae culture, andmaintaining the continuity of the culture. The ideal growth of each algae species takesplace in culture media with its specific conditions. For example, Spirulina grows best athigh pH and bicarbonate concentration, Chlorella in nutrient-rich media, and Dunaliellasalina at very high salinity.
Carbon Nanostructures in Localized Controlled Drug Delivery Systems (LCDDSs)
Authors: Naghib Seyed Morteza , Hoseinpour Samin , Zarshad Shadi
Published: October 2022

Nanotechnology has possible potential for developing future clinical
applications. Nanoparticles may be used for biological and medical purposes due to
their opportunities for multi-modal systems. Moreover, carbon nanostructures have
received considerable attention in biomedicine. As an example, carbon nanomaterials
have been extensively used to deliver therapeutic molecules in multi-functional
controlled release systems. Carbon nanostructures may be used as nanocarriers, owing
to their large surface area, privileged cumulation in tumors and excellent internalization
in cancer cells. Carbon nanostructures may be used to deliver therapeutic agents
preferentially to cancer tissues, to decrease side effects and cytotoxicity of drugs.
However, the intrinsic cellular toxicity of carbon nanostructures remains a challenge.
This chapter represents different characteristics of carbon nanostructures, resulting in
their various applications in localized controlled drug delivery systems. Recent
progress in methods and techniques for biofunctionalization, delivering and targeting
by carbon nanostructures are presented and discussed.
Carbon Nanostructure/polymer Composites Processing and Characteristics in Localized Controlled Drug Delivery System (LCDDSs)
Authors: Naghib Seyed Morteza , Hoseinpour Samin , Zarshad Shadi
Published: October 2022

Carbon nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide
and their derivatives, have been recognized in biomedicine and drug delivery, due to
their outstanding optical, mechanical, thermal, and electrical characteristics. Carbon
nanostructures/ polymer composites with various active and functional groups provide
many binding sites for inorganic/organic species and biomolecules and are described as
favorable candidates to label and drag different drugs, genes, proteins and therapeutic
molecules. This chapter focuses on studies about the deployment of nanostructures/
polymer composites, for efficient drug delivery, especially localized controlled
drug/gene delivery systems (LCDDS). Effects of various parameters and features,
including composite microstructures, hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of composites,
glass transition and polymer matrix molecular weight, on LCDDS are fully examined
and discussed.
Next-Generation Technologies for Rare Inherited Disorders
Authors: Kazmi Hira , Ilyas Muhammad
Published: October 2022

Rare inherited disorders have become a major public health concern in
recent years. Owing to a lack of resources, poorly planned primary and basic health
care, and inadequate political structures, treatment, and management policies are
daunting challenges in many countries. As a result, these diseases need particular
attention, especially in less developed areas, where these disorders remain unnoticed.
Similarly, the effect of such severe disorders on underprivileged populations is
expected to be devastating. Identifying certain genetic markers can provide a valuable
explanation for disease etiology, molecular characterization, and pathogenesis. In this
chapter, we highlight the importance of next-generation sequencing to explore and
recognize the role of novel causative genes in developing successful treatments for the
most prevalent rare genetic disorders. DNA methylation and transcriptome markers
have been shown to aid in the prediction of common diseases; however, this has not
been tested on rare genetic disorders. Since the rate of rare inherited disorders is higher
in developing countries, we believe that these populations can provide us with much
stronger clues for the genetic and environmental association. These markers, along with
other parameters, can be used to systematically build machine learning models to
improve risk prediction; this approach has the potential to reshape how we predict
disease risk and save many lives around the world.
Genetic Testing for Rare Genetic Disorders
Authors: Tariq Muhammad , Malik Naveed Altaf , Ahmad Ilyas , Waseem Syeda Seema , Baig Shahid Mahmood
Published: October 2022

Rare genetic disorders affect a significant proportion of the global
population. A large number of these patients are either misdiagnosed or remain
undiagnosed which can have potentially adverse effects, including failure to provide
anticipatory prognosis and identify potential treatment. With the completion of HGP,
genetic testing has fast grown into a diagnostic discipline introducing new and cost.effective diagnostic tests with reasonable accuracy and specificity. NGS technologies,
in particular, changed the field of genetic diagnosis by sequencing the entire genome or
subset thereof in a single test and accomplishing diagnosis of virtually all diseases,
either congenital or late-onset. These technologies have opened up new opportunities
and unique challenges. This chapter discusses the importance of genetic testing, its
scope, various technologies and approaches and, finally, the opportunities and
challenges accompanying the new age genetic tests.
Preimplantation, Prenatal, and Postnatal Diagnosis
Authors: Nawaz Sadia , Masood Humna
Published: October 2022

Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a practical alternate evolving
approach to prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancies in families with a high
risk of Mendelian monogenetic and polygenetic disorders. Pre-implantation genetic
diagnosis testing is continuing to extend immensely, along with a novel genetic
analysis and in vitro fertilization approaches are in practice in the medical field
throughout the world. However, PGD is regarded as ethically sensitive because
repetitive termination of pregnancy causes huge psychological effects on the couples,
and also because the low rate of pregnancy and birth makes it unreliable compared to
prenatal testing. But it is also helpful in achieving additional goals e.g., improved
embryo and gender selection, overcoming the chances of birth of a child with an
unknown genetic defect, better understanding of epigenomic regulations and reduction
in the monetary burden of society. This chapter focuses on PGD, its procedure, utility
and advantages, goals and objectives and the various issues surrounding it. We also
discuss the future of this technology at the end of the chapter
Genetic Counseling in Inherited Disorders
Authors: Zulfiqar Shumaila , Tariq Muhammad , Malik Naveed Altaf , Khan Ayaz , Ramzan Shafaq , Iqbal Maria , Anjum Iram , Baig Shahid Mahmood
Published: October 2022

In this chapter, we have focused on the journey of sorting genes and the
connotation of genetic counseling started. In a literal sense, we will understand how
genetic counseling could contribute to identifying pathogenicity and penetrance of
genetic mutation/s in high-risk individual/s or populations. Great strides have been
achieved in terms of diagnosis, management, and treatment of various genetic disorders
due to rapid advancements in genetic research. The national Thalassemia Prevention
Program of Cyprus has been one of the earliest and most celebrated successes in
lowering the disease burden and improving life quality and survival rate in patients.
The knowledge regarding gene/s and variant/s is quite instrumental for making
important reproductive decisions and therapeutic interventions for both rare and
common disorders. We also touch upon the associated ethical issues and challenges.
Pharmacogenomics
Authors: Fazal Sahar , Malik Rabbiah Manzoor , Azam Shumaila , Kanwal Attiya , Saad Khan Muhammad , Khatoon Narjis , Ishtiaq Muneeba , Elahi Sana , Nazir Fakhra
Published: October 2022

The ongoing development in new genotyping methods necessitates an
understanding of their potential benefits and limits in terms of pharmacogenomics
utility. We give an overview of technologies that can be used in pharmacogenomics
research and clinical practice in this chapter. The Human Genome Project’s completion
has paved the way for the development of clinical instruments for patient evaluation.
Pharmacogenomics may enable the identification of patients who are most likely to
benefit from a specific drug, as well as those for whom the expense and risk are greater
than the advantages. Both drug therapy’s safety and efficacy may improve. In the
future, genotyping may be used to tailor drug treatment for large groups of individuals,
lowering drug treatment costs and improving therapeutic efficacy and overall health.
Metabolic Syndromes
Authors: Ejaz Mahnoor , Khan Areena Suhail , Naseer Faiza , Gul Alvina
Published: October 2022

Metabolic Syndromes (MetS) are recognized as a cluster of risk factors
which are known to increase the likelihood of obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and
cardiovascular disorders (CVDs). It is significant to understand disease pathology in
order to discover a pathological mechanism leading to the development of MetS.
Elevated triglycerides, increased blood pressure, hyperglycemia (increased blood
glucose levels), low levels of High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and elevated
waist circumference are key parameters in diagnosing MetS. Various therapeutic
interventions have been developed for treating metabolic diseases like polypills which
are commonly known as combination pills, along with the fixed dose combinations. In
addition to pharmacological handling, surgical treatment is also showing success in
treating MetS such as Bariatric treatment. With the emerging experimental techniques,
gene therapy allows the replacement of a defective gene with a healthy one, which may
eventually reverse the disease. Leptin Gene Therapy, ZFN Gene Editing, CRISPR/
Cas9 genome editing are different platforms of gene therapy which are showing
promising results in treating the metabolic disease. Novel experimental approaches and
pharmacological treatments can provide a better insight into metabolic syndrome and
its related complications, thereby reducing its global burden.
Nurses’ Attitudes and Preferences towards usage of Electronic Medical Records
Authors: Wan Ismail Wan Marina , Majid Norhaini , Fatmawati Ariani
Published: October 2022

Electronic Medical records document the treatment plan and patient care. This study intends to identify trained nurses' reception toward using EMR in the wards. A non-experimental cross-sectional survey covered the multi-discipline area. A stratified random sampling method in which the population in this research consisted of n= 138 trained nurses. Results found that the trained nurses tended to document the data at the nurse's station compared to the bedside entry. It's also shown that the demographics variable significantly correlated with attitude domains. Hence with the research results, it is envisaged to benefit the nurses and organization and hopefully can become the catalyst for the Ministry of Health in further improving and elevating the system throughout all hospitals in Malaysia.
Keywords: Attitude, Electronic medical record, Nurses, Preferences
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under the responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians), and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i21.3579
Effects of In-Store Decorative Elements on Children Shopping Behaviour
Authors: Rusman Mohd Shahril , Yin Yuanyuan , Dhillon Yasmin K Sekhon , Shaharudin Haszlin
Published: October 2022

Children play a significant role in determining the family's shopping expenses, which is as important as an adult's. However, the research found that having a child companion can reduce positive shopping values due to the child's behaviour. The focus of this research is to understand the effects of in-store decorative elements on children aged between three to seven years of shopping experience. The qualitative methodology using ethnography studies is employed to identify key factors affecting children's emotional and behavioural responses. It also discusses research insight that could help to improve business strategy for children customers.
Keywords: Children's shopping experience; shopping atmospheric variables; in-store decorative elements; ethnography studies.
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7iSI7%20(Special%20Issue).3759
Gender Differences in Twitter Complaints
Authors: Abdul Kadir Zaemah , Mohd Ali Norsyafigah , Syed Husain Sharifah Shahnaz , Zubir Zurina
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to identify and compare the different strategies used by males and females in making complaints. Both genders adopt different strategies when making complaints.  In this qualitative study, the content analysis method was adopted, and based on Trosborg's Theory of Complaint, complaints messages posted by 23 Twitter users were analyzed. The results showed that males perform dissatisfaction more frequently than females. However, females use blame strategy at a higher frequency than males. This research revealed a new perspective on gender differences and valuable insights influencing complaint-making strategies.
Keywords: Complaints, Code-switching, Language Choice, Strategies
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7iSI7%20(Special%20Issue).3763
Potential of Composition Market: Public acceptance in translated musical works on YouTube platform
Authors: Saiful Bahar Afiqah Aisyah , Ismail Md Jais , Rahmat Adi Nur Rasyid
Published: October 2022

Due to the worldwide demand for music consumption, more songs are translated into several languages. However, it remains a question whether the public i) prefers a loosely translated version, or ii) prefers a word-by-word translated version. Inspired by online data mining in business analytics, this quantitative research studied the public’s sentiments on two translated versions of Disney’s “We Don’t Talk About Bruno” song on the YouTube platform. Through semantic analysis, the researchers had found that the public prefers loosely, poetically, translated songs whilst preferring the harmony, melody, and musical sense of the songs to be retained.
Keywords: translation techniques; compositional market; public acceptance; online data mining.
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA CE-Bs by E-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians), and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7iSI7%20(Special%20Issue).3765