bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State of the art in abdominal MRI structured reporting: a review
Authors: Stanzione Arnaldo , Boccadifuoco Francesca , Cuocolo Renato , Romeo Valeria , Mainenti Pier Paolo , Brunetti Arturo , Maurea Simone
Published: September 2020

In the management of several abdominal disorders, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to significantly improve patient’s outcome due to its diagnostic accuracy leading to more appropriate treatment choice. However, its clinical value heavily relies on the quality and quantity of diagnostic information that radiologists manage to convey through their reports. To solve issues such as ambiguity and lack of comprehensiveness that can occur with conventional narrative reports, the adoption of structured reporting has been proposed. Using a checklist and standardized lexicon, structured reports are designed to increase clarity while assuring that all key imaging findings related to a specific disorder are included. Unfortunately, structured reports have their limitations too, such as risk of undue report simplification and poor template plasticity. Their adoption is also far from widespread, and probably the ideal balance between radiologist autonomy and report consistency of has yet to be found. In this article, we aimed to provide an overview of structured reporting proposals for abdominal MRI and of works assessing its value in comparison to conventional free-text reporting. While for several abdominal disorders there are structured templates that have been endorsed by scientific societies and their adoption might be beneficial, stronger evidence confirming their imperativeness and added value in terms of clinical practice is needed, especially regarding the improvement of patient outcome.
Eigenschaftsanalyse zur Entwicklung additiv gefertigter Prototypen – Das House of Properties
Authors: Schork Stefan , Güttinger Kai , Kirchner Eckhard
Published: September 2020

In Zeiten dynamischer Märkte und internationalen Wettbewerbs erlangt die Verkürzung von Produktentwicklungszyklen immer größere Bedeutung. Gleichzeitig werden auch die Möglichkeiten zur Herstellung von Prototypen zur Unterstützung der Produktentwicklung immer zahlreicher und diverser. Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Ermittlung von Anforderungen an funktionelle Prototypen. Mithilfe dieser Prototypen sollen verlässliche Verifikationen der Einhaltung von Anforderungen an verschiedene Produktfunktionen ermöglicht werden. Als Beispiel werden dazu Produkte herangezogen, die im Spritzgussverfahren aus verschiedenen Kunststoffen hergestellt werden. Die konventionelle Verifikation dieser Produkte ist durch die Fertigung und den Einsatz von Prototypenwerkzeugen sehr zeitaufwändig und kostenintensiv. Der Einsatz additiver Fertigungsverfahren bietet die Möglichkeit, diese Faktoren zu senken. Hierbei muss jedoch sichergestellt sein, dass die Ergebnisse der Tests mit additiv gefertigten Prototypen auch auf das spritzgegossene Produkt übertragbar sind. Durch die Änderung des Fertigungsverfahrens und des verwendeten Materials treten Änderungen gewisser Eigenschaften des Prototyps im Vergleich zum finalen Produkt auf. Diese Abweichungen können sich wiederum negativ auf die Aussagefähigkeit der Ergebnisse der Verifikation mittels Prototypen auswirken, wenn die Eigenschaften essentiellen Einfluss auf die zu verifizierenden Funktionen haben. Daher wurde eine Methode – das House of Properties – entwickelt, mit der zum einen der Bedarf an Prototypen ermittelt werden kann und zum anderen die Eigenschaften des in der Entwicklung befindlichen Bauteils dahingehend untersucht werden können, welche Eigenschaften besonders kritisch auf bestimmte Funktionen wirken. Durch diese Analyse können Anforderungen an additiv gefertigte Prototypen identifiziert werden, die als Basis zur Auswahl des Fertigungsverfahrens und des Materials dienen. Die entwickelte Methode wird im Rahmen dieses Artikels anhand eines Industriebeispiels evaluiert und weiter erläutert.
Weekly Self-Ratings of Treatment Involvement and Their Relation to Symptom Reduction in Internet Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia
Authors: Kraepelien Martin , Blom Kerstin , Jernelöv Susanna , Kaldo Viktor
Published: September 2020

Background

Treatment involvement, including involvement with written material as well as homework assignments, has previously been associated with better outcomes in cognitive behavioral therapy, but there is a lack of knowledge on which specific aspects of involvement that are the most promising for use as predictors of treatment effects.

Methods

The objective of this study was to use a battery of weekly self-rated questions regarding different aspects of participant involvement during 8 weeks of either guided internet cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (ICBT-i, n = 73), or an active internet-delivered control treatment also including homework (ICBT-ctrl, n = 75), to predict reductions in insomnia severity after treatment. The markers of involvement were single questions on amount of time spent on treatment, amount of text read, amount of subjective knowledge gained and index scores of homework quantity (based on ratings of how many times specific techniques were used) and homework quality (based on ratings of the understanding, used as intended, and helpfulness of each specific technique).

Results

While none of the markers predicted reductions in insomnia severity for participants in the ICBT-ctrl group, text read, subjective knowledge gain, and homework quality predicted larger reductions in insomnia severity for participants in ICBT-i. Amount of subjective knowledge gained was a particularly useful marker in the ICBT-i group, since weekly ratings from the first half of treatment sufficed to explain a rather large proportion of variance in insomnia severity post treatment (14%).

Conclusions

The results strengthen subjective knowledge gain as a candidate for use as a predictor of treatment effects in ICBT-i.
Disagreement lost
Authors: Abreu Zavaleta Martín
Published: September 2020

This paper develops a puzzle about non-merely-verbal disputes. At first sight, it would seem that a dispute over the truth of an utterance is not merely verbal only if there is a proposition that the parties to the dispute take the utterance under dispute to express, which one of the parties accepts and the other rejects. Yet, as I argue, it is extremely rare for ordinary disputes over an utterance’s truth to satisfy this condition, in which case non-merely verbal disputes are extremely rare. After examining various responses to the puzzle, I outline a solution using the framework of truthmaker semantics.
Voraussetzungen und Qualitätskriterien von Mixed-Methods-Studien in der mathematikdidaktischen Forschung
Authors: Buchholtz Nils
Published: September 2020

Die Verbreitung von Mixed-Methods-Studien in der Mathematikdidaktik wirft die Frage nach disziplinspezifischen Voraussetzungen und Qualitätskriterien auf. Derartige Studien sollten daher nicht nur pragmatisch oder durch die Auswahl von spezifischen Forschungsdesigns begründet werden, sondern auch den gegenstandsspezifischen Mehrwert einer Integration von Ergebnissen herausstellen, die durch unterschiedliche (mathematikdidaktische) Forschungsmethoden gewonnen wurden. Im Beitrag werden deshalb methodologische und wissenschaftsphilosophische Voraussetzungen zu Mixed-Methods-Studien ontologischen und epistemologischen Annahmen zu mathematikdidaktischen Forschungsgegenständen und Methoden gegenübergestellt. Eine theoretische Verankerung von Mixed-Methods-Studien im Critical Realism ermöglicht, die Kombination unterschiedlicher Forschungsparadigmen auch ontologisch zu begründen. Die aus den disziplinspezifischen Anknüpfungspunkten entwickelte Perspektive für Qualitätskriterien und ein methodologisches Framework kann zu einer reflektierten Praxis von Mixed-Methods in der Mathematikdidaktik beitragen
Segmentation of Lath-Like Structures via Localized Identification of Directionality in a Complex-Phase Steel
Authors: Müller Martin , Stanke Gerd , Sonntag Ulrich , Britz Dominik , Mücklich Frank
Published: September 2020

In this work, a segmentation approach based on analyzing local orientations and directions in an image, in order to distinguish lath-like from granular structures, is presented. It is based on common image processing operations. A window of appropriate size slides over the image, and the gradient direction and its magnitude inside this window are determined for each pixel. The histogram of all possible directions yields the main direction and its directionality. These two parameters enable the extraction of window positions which represent lath-like structures, and procedures to join these positions are developed. The usability of this approach is demonstrated by distinguishing lath-like bainite from granular bainite in so-called complex-phase steels, a segmentation task for which automated procedures are not yet reported. The segmentation results are in accordance with the regions recognized by human experts. The approach’s main advantages are its use on small sets of images, the easy access to the segmentation process and therefore a targeted adjustment of parameters to achieve the best possible segmentation result. Thus, it is distinct from segmentation using deep learning which is becoming more and more popular and is a promising solution for complex segmentation tasks, but requires large image sets for training and is difficult to interpret.
Mechanical Response of Ni-Based CU5MCuC Alloy to Different Stabilization Thermal Treatments
Authors: Gruttadauria Andrea , Barella Silvia , Fiocchi Claudia
Published: September 2020

The Ni–Fe–Cr system is the basis of a series of commercial alloys featuring chemical–physical characteristics that allow them to be used in a variety of fields where excellent resistance to aggressive environments is required. In this scenario, the CU5MCuC alloy, the foundry counterpart of Alloy 825, is proving successful in the petrochemical field thanks to its good corrosion resistance in acidic and highly oxidizing environments. Intergranular corrosion resistance, critical for this material, is ensured by the stabilization treatment that allows precipitation of Nb carbides. Strengthening of this alloy takes place only via a solid solution. Therefore, its mechanical properties depend on the solution annealing treatment: often this treatment alone does not make it possible to reach the UTS imposed by the ASTM-A494 standard. In this work, the possibility of using stabilization treatment to increase mechanical strength as well was considered. Treatments, with different combinations of time and temperature, were carried out in order to modify the material’s microstructure. After the thermal treatments, microstructural analyses, mechanical tests and (pitting and intergranular) corrosion and resistance tests were carried out to identify optimal treatment parameters in order to promote the evolution of microstructural constituents capable of improving mechanical strength without decreasing corrosion resistance. The treatment that achieves the best compromise between mechanical properties and corrosion resistance is stabilization at 970 °C for 4 h.
AMH – Ovarreserve nach onkologischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Rebhan Daniela
Published: September 2020

Onkologische Erkrankungen im Kindesalter und jungen Erwachsenenalter haben nicht selten eine gute Prognose. Entsprechend wird für Betroffene früher oder später die Frage relevant, inwieweit nach einer onkologischen Behandlung die Fertilität beeinträchtigt ist. Nicht nur der Zeitraum der Fertilität, sondern auch die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines vorzeitigen Ovarialversagens mit allen Risiken eines längerfristigen Östrogenmangels ist für die Lebensplanung der Frauen wichtig. Mittlerweile können vor Behandlung fertilitätserhaltende Maßnahmen angeboten werden. Sie bieten manchmal die einzige Chance, auf ovarielle Reserven nach Behandlung zurückgreifen zu können, sind aber nicht immer nötig und von späterem Nutzen. Das Anti-Müller-Hormon (AMH) hat sich als validester Marker für die Beurteilung der ovariellen Reserve herausgestellt. Mithilfe dessen sind Prognosen über die Ovarreserve vor und nach der onkologischen Therapie möglich. Dies erleichtert die Entscheidung für die Indikation für fertilitätserhaltende Maßnahmen und kann wegweisend in der Lebensplanung der Frauen und Familien sein.
The latest evolution of biometrics
Authors: Bhalla Ajay
Published: September 2020

In recent years, organisations have increasingly turned to biometric systems to address the vulnerabilities in knowledge-based identity data. And there have been many areas of innovation: beyond the use of physical biometrics such as fingerprint, face or palm, vendors have developed systems that recognise behavioural traits, and have introduced new features such as liveness detection and the associated security processing.
Voter Responses to Fiscal Austerity
Authors: Hübscher Evelyne , Sattler Thomas , Wagner Markus
Published: September 2020

Governments have great difficulties designing politically sustainable responses to rising public debt. These difficulties are grounded in a limited understanding of the popular constraints during periods of fiscal pressure. For instance, an influential view claims that fiscal austerity does not entail significant political risk. But this research potentially underestimates the impact of austerity on votes because of strategic selection bias. This study addresses this challenge by conducting survey experiments in Spain, Portugal, Italy, the UK and Germany. In contrast to previous findings, the results show that a government's re-election chances greatly decrease if it proposes austerity measures. Voters object particularly strongly to spending cuts and, to a lesser extent, to tax increases. While voters also disapprove of fiscal deficits, they weight the costs of austerity policies more than their potential benefits for the fiscal balance. These findings are inconsistent with the policy recommendations of international financial institutions.
There are no universal ternary quadratic forms over biquadratic fields
Authors: Krásenský Jakub , Tinková Magdaléna , Zemková Kristýna
Published: September 2020

We study totally positive definite quadratic forms over the ring of integers$\mathcal {O}_K$of a totally real biquadratic field$K=\mathbb {Q}(\sqrt {m}, \sqrt {s})$. We restrict our attention to classic forms (i.e. those with all non-diagonal coefficients in$2\mathcal {O}_K$) and prove that no such forms in three variables are universal (i.e. represent all totally positive elements of$\mathcal {O}_K$). Moreover, we show the same result for totally real number fields containing at least one non-square totally positive unit and satisfying some other mild conditions. These results provide further evidence towards Kitaoka's conjecture that there are only finitely many number fields over which such forms exist. One of our main tools are additively indecomposable elements of$\mathcal {O}_K$; we prove several new results about their properties.
Exploring Ibn ‘Arabi’s Metaphysics of Time and Space in Sufi Ritual: the ‘Issawiya Dhikr of Sidi Bou-Sa‘id
Authors: Barghouti Dia
Published: September 2020

This article examines the relationship between medieval Islamic philosophy and contemporary Tunisian Sufi ritual. Focusing on the metaphysics of time and space in the writings of the twelfth-century Andalusian saint Muhyiddin Ibn ‘Arabi, the author explores the dhikr ritual within the framework of Sufi ontology in order to highlight the relevance of Islamic intellectual history to the religious practices of the ‘Issawiya Sufi community. The dhikr is one example of many indigenous performance traditions that are part of the rich cultural life of Tunisia. These are spaces where adepts engage with complex philosophical ideas through embodied performances. Thus, Sufi rituals raise important questions about the relationship between theory and embodied practice, which, although grounded in a particular cultural context, could be of relevance to the broader range of theatre. Dia Barghouti is a playwright and PhD candidate in the Department of Theatre and Performance at Goldsmiths, University of London. Her plays have been performed at the Ashtar Theatre, the SIN festival of video and performance art, and the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Centre, all in Ramallah, Palestine.
Conversations with Michael J. Prichard: the Fun of Legal History and the Triumph of Research Over Administration
Authors: Dingle Lesley
Published: September 2020

Michael Prichard was born before the Second World War and lived through the bombing and destruction of much of London. When he entered university in 1945, King's College London had reoccupied its old quarters in the badly-damaged Somerset House, and along with LSE and UCL had pooled teaching resources to overcome staff shortages and accommodation damage. This inadvertently gave Michael a rich pool of mentors upon which to found his career, and who served him well in later years. He entered Queens’ College Cambridge in 1948 and experienced the unique post-war phenomena of the “returning warriors”, which continued, along with the “weekenders”, when he became a fellow at Gonville & Caius in 1950. Here he has remained, and is still a Fellow, seventy years later. His legacy is a fund of memories of a life-long journey through changing landscapes of legal research, teaching, and college and faculty administration. Lesley Dingle first interviewed Michael for the Eminent Scholars Archive in 2012, where his biography and general academic reminiscences are set forth. She now revisits aspects of these, following a conversation she had with David Yale for ESA in November 2019. David was Michael's career-long colleague, and his interview shone new light on their decades of joint endeavour unravelling the development of maritime law in the British Isles. Shortly after David's reminder of the magnitude of their project, an encounter with Professor David Ibbetson, and most recently a meeting with Michael, now in his 93rd year, spurred the author on to summarise particular aspects of Michael's varied research projects. In the process, she will emphasise the overall sense of adventure, and enjoyment - in short “fun”, with which he explored the history and jurisdictional intricacies of the Admiralty Court (jointly with David Yale), presented his enlightened insights into the evolution of aspects of tort law, and explained his research of the few esoteric conundrums in which a retiree was able to indulge.
Machine-Learnt Bias? Algorithmic Decision Making and Access to Criminal Justice
Authors: Wojcik Malwina Anna
Published: September 2020

The pressure on the criminal justice system in England and Wales is mounting. Recent figures reveal that despite a rise in recorded crime, the number of defendants in court proceedings has been the lowest in 50 years. This indicates a crisis of access to criminal justice. Predictive policing and risk assessment programmes based on algorithmic decision making (ADM) offer a prospect of increasing efficiency of law enforcement, eliminating delays and cutting the costs. These technologies are already used in the UK for crime-mapping and facilitating decisions regarding prosecution of arrested individuals. In the US their deployment is much wider, covering also sentencing and parole applications.
502 Bad Gateway: Rebooting Smart Contracts
Authors: Lim Alicia
Published: September 2020

Smart contracts, which were once theorised, are now somewhat realised, thanks to recent developments in distributed ledger technology. Yet, these self-executing agreements written in code are not a panacea to businesses’ and individuals’ contracting woes. It is argued that smart contracts worsen existing power asymmetries between contracting parties, thus, fallbacks must be provided for.
Collection Development of Legal Information Resources in the Supreme Court of India
Authors: Muzzammil Mohd
Published: September 2020

This paper by Dr. Mohd Muzzammil concerns the legal information resources at the Supreme Court of India Judges’ Library (SCJL). The article is based on a survey conducted by the researcher as part of his PhD work. He describes the Court and the library collections that support the work of the SCJL, and notes that print legal information resources are used more than electronic resources. The study also realised that a significant percentage of the library budget is expended on subscriptions for journals.
CME: Crowned-Dens-Syndrom – das Chamäleon der Nackenschmerzen
Authors: Semmel Botond , Huber Ursula , Wildi Lukas
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung. Das Crowned-Dens-Syndrom (CDS) ist eine seltene, unterdiagnostizierte Differenzialdiagnose der akuten Nackenschmerzen. Die Diagnosefindung stellt im klinischen Alltag eine Herausforderung dar aufgrund der Ähnlichkeit der Symptome zu anderen Krankheitsbildern. In Kenntnis dieser Differenzialdiagnose von akuten Nackenschmerzen können bei zielgerichtetem Vorgehen unnötige Untersuchungen und teure Therapieversuche vermieden werden. Mit diesem Artikel möchten wir dazu beitragen, die Kolleginnen und Kollegen entsprechend zu sensibilisieren.
Entwicklung und Validierung von Skalen zur Erfassung der Adhärenz im transdiagnostischen Gruppensetting für ACT und KVT
Authors: Samaan Mareike , Sauer Elena , Müller Marie , Fydrich Thomas , Diefenbacher Albert , Burian Ronald , Schade Christoph , Weck Florian
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Therapeutische Adhärenz ist eine zentrale Voraussetzung zur Sicherung der Validität von Psychotherapiestudien. Bisher existieren im deutschsprachigen Raum keine Skalen zur Erfassung der Adhärenz im Bereich der Akzeptanz- und Commitmenttherapie (ACT). Fragestellung: Ziel war es, Skalen zur Erfassung der Adhärenz von Therapeut_innen für ACT und der Kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) zu entwickeln und deren Gütekriterien zu überprüfen. Methode: Die Validierung der Adhärenzskalen basierte auf n=38 ACT- und n=31 KVT-Gruppentherapiesitzungen zur Behandlung von depressiven und gemischten Störungsbildern. Die Adhärenz wurde durch zwei Rater_innen anhand von Audioaufzeichnungen bewertet. Ergebnisse: Sowohl für die ACT-Adhärenzskala (ICC=.96) als auch für die KVT-Adhärenzskala (ICC=.98) konnten hohe Interraterreliabilitäten erreicht werden. Die konvergente Validität konnte anhand einer negativen Korrelation zwischen den beiden Skalen sichergestellt werden ( r=-.95). Schlussfolgerungen: Beide Adhärenzskalen bieten eine erste Möglichkeit, um manualgetreues Therapeut_innenverhalten in ACT- und KVT-Gruppentherapien für Patient_innen mit gemischten Störungsbildern zu erfassen. Zudem geben die Ergebnisse einen Hinweis darauf, dass sich die beiden Methoden voneinander differenzieren lassen.
Ultrabroadband Seismic and Tsunami Wave Observation of High‐Sampling Ocean‐Bottom Pressure Gauge Covering Periods From Seconds to Hours
Authors: Kubota T. , Saito T. , Chikasada N. Y. , Suzuki W.
Published: September 2020

Recent developments of ocean‐bottom pressure gauges (PG) have enabled us to observe various waves including seismic and tsunami waves covering periods of T ∼ 100–103 s. To investigate the quality for broadband observation, this study examined the broadband PG records (sampling rate of 1 Hz) around Japan associated with the 2010 Chile earthquake. We identified three distinct wave trains, attributed to seismic body waves, Rayleigh waves, and tsunamis. Clear dispersive features in the Rayleigh waves and tsunamis were explained by theories of elastic waves and gravity waves. Quantitative comparison between pressure change and nearby seismograms demonstrated the validity of the theoretical relation between pressure p and vertical acceleration az for ∼3 hr from the origin time. We also found a relationship between p and vertical velocity vz holds only at the first P wave arrival, but not for later arrivals. Similar results were confirmed for various earthquakes with different source‐station distances and magnitudes, suggesting the robustness of these relations. The results demonstrate that the high‐sampling rate (≥1 Hz) is necessary to observe seismic‐wave dispersion and PG can record both seismic waves and tsunamis with reasonable quality for waveform analyses, whereas conventional onshore and offshore seismometers or tide gauges can observe either of seismic waves and tsunamis. Utilizing the high‐sampling PG in combination with the seismic and tsunami propagation theory for estimating earthquake source process or analyzing wave propagation processes in the ocean will deepen our geophysical understanding of the solid‐fluid coupled system in the Earth and contribute toward disaster mitigation.
Konecky Receives 2019 Nanne Weber Early Career Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: September 2020

Bronwen L. Konecky received the 2019 Nanne Weber Early Career Award at AGU’s Fall Meeting 2019, held 9–13 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award is presented annually and “recognizes significant contributions to paleoceanography and paleoclimatology research.”
Improved haplotype inference by exploiting long-range linking and allelic imbalance in RNA-seq datasets
Authors: Berger Emily , Yorukoglu Deniz , Zhang Lillian , Nyquist Sarah K. , Shalek Alex K. , Kellis Manolis , Numanagić Ibrahim , Berger Bonnie
Published: September 2020

Haplotype reconstruction of distant genetic variants remains an unsolved problem due to the short-read length of common sequencing data. Here, we introduce HapTree-X, a probabilistic framework that utilizes latent long-range information to reconstruct unspecified haplotypes in diploid and polyploid organisms. It introduces the observation that differential allele-specific expression can link genetic variants from the same physical chromosome, thus even enabling using reads that cover only individual variants. We demonstrate HapTree-X’s feasibility on in-house sequenced Genome in a Bottle RNA-seq and various whole exome, genome, and 10X Genomics datasets. HapTree-X produces more complete phases (up to 25%), even in clinically important genes, and phases more variants than other methods while maintaining similar or higher accuracy and being up to 10×  faster than other tools. The advantage of HapTree-X’s ability to use multiple lines of evidence, as well as to phase polyploid genomes in a single integrative framework, substantially grows as the amount of diverse data increases.
Atoms and the void: modular construction of ordered porous solids
Authors: Wuest James D.
Published: September 2020

For millennia, humans have exploited the special properties of porous materials. Advances in recent years have yielded a new generation of finely structured porous materials that allow processes to be controlled at the molecular level. These materials are built by a strategy of modular construction, using molecular components designed to position their neighbors in ways that create predictable voids.
Phonon heat transport in cavity-mediated optomechanical nanoresonators
Authors: Yang Cheng , Wei Xinrui , Sheng Jiteng , Wu Haibin
Published: September 2020

The understanding of heat transport in nonequilibrium thermodynamics is an important research frontier, which is crucial for implementing novel thermodynamic devices, such as heat engines and refrigerators. The convection, conduction, and radiation are the well-known basic ways to transfer thermal energy. Here, we demonstrate a different mechanism of phonon heat transport between two spatially separated nanomechanical resonators coupled by the cavity-enhanced long-range interactions. The single trajectory for thermalization and non-equilibrium dynamics is monitored in real-time. In the strong coupling regime, the instant heat flux spontaneously oscillates back and forth in the nonequilibrium steady states. The universal bound on the precision of nonequilibrium steady-state heat flux, i.e. the thermodynamic uncertainty relation, is verified in such a temperature gradient driven far-off equilibrium system. Our results give more insight into the heat transfer with nanomechanical oscillators, and provide a playground for testing fundamental theories in non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
DENR promotes translation reinitiation via ribosome recycling to drive expression of oncogenes including ATF4
Authors: Bohlen Jonathan , Harbrecht Liza , Blanco Saioa , Clemm von Hohenberg Katharina , Fenzl Kai , Kramer Günter , Bukau Bernd , Teleman Aurelio A.
Published: September 2020

Translation efficiency varies considerably between different mRNAs, thereby impacting protein expression. Translation of the stress response master-regulator ATF4 increases upon stress, but the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. We discover here that translation factors DENR, MCTS1 and eIF2D are required to induce ATF4 translation upon stress by promoting translation reinitiation in the ATF4 5′UTR. We find DENR and MCTS1 are only needed for reinitiation after upstream Open Reading Frames (uORFs) containing certain penultimate codons, perhaps because DENR•MCTS1 are needed to evict only certain tRNAs from post-termination 40S ribosomes. This provides a model for how DENR and MCTS1 promote translation reinitiation. Cancer cells, which are exposed to many stresses, require ATF4 for survival and proliferation. We find a strong correlation between DENR•MCTS1 expression and ATF4 activity across cancers. Furthermore, additional oncogenes includinga-Raf,c-RafandCdk4have long uORFs and are translated in a DENR•MCTS1 dependent manner.
Author Correction: Identification and characterization of Cardiac Glycosides as senolytic compounds
Authors: Triana-Martínez Francisco , Picallos-Rabina Pilar , Da Silva-Álvarez Sabela , Pietrocola Federico , Llanos Susana , Rodilla Verónica , Soprano Enrica , Pedrosa Pablo , Ferreirós Alba , Barradas Marta , Hernández-González Fernanda , Lalinde Marta , Prats Neus , Bernadó Cristina , González Patricia , Gómez María , Ikonomopoulou Maria P. , Fernández-Marcos Pablo J. , García-Caballero Tomás , del Pino Pablo , Arribas Joaquín , Vidal Anxo , González-Barcia Miguel , Serrano Manuel , Loza María I. , Domínguez Eduardo , Collado Manuel
Published: September 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
An engineered antibody binds a distinct epitope and is a potent inhibitor of murine and human VISTA
Authors: Mehta Nishant , Maddineni Sainiteesh , Kelly Ryan L. , Lee Robert B. , Hunter Sean A. , Silberstein John L. , Parra Sperberg R. Andres , Miller Caitlyn L. , Rabe Amanda , Labanieh Louai , Cochran Jennifer R.
Published: September 2020

V-domain immunoglobulin (Ig) suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is an immune checkpoint that maintains peripheral T cell quiescence and inhibits anti-tumor immune responses. VISTA functions by dampening the interaction between myeloid cells and T cells, orthogonal to PD-1 and other checkpoints of the tumor-T cell signaling axis. Here, we report the use of yeast surface display to engineer an anti-VISTA antibody that binds with high affinity to mouse, human, and cynomolgus monkey VISTA. Our anti-VISTA antibody (SG7) inhibits VISTA function and blocks purported interactions with both PSGL-1 and VSIG3 proteins. SG7 binds a unique epitope on the surface of VISTA, which partially overlaps with other clinically relevant antibodies. As a monotherapy, and to a greater extent as a combination with anti-PD1, SG7 slows tumor growth in multiple syngeneic mouse models. SG7 is a promising clinical candidate that can be tested in fully immunocompetent mouse models and its binding epitope can be used for future campaigns to develop species cross-reactive inhibitors of VISTA.
Long-term changes in habitat and trophic level of Southern Ocean squid in relation to environmental conditions
Authors: Abreu José , Phillips Richard A. , Ceia Filipe R. , Ireland Louise , Paiva Vítor H. , Xavier José C.
Published: September 2020

Long-term studies of pelagic nekton in the Southern Ocean and their responses to ongoing environmental change are rare. Using stable isotope ratios measured in squid beaks recovered from diet samples of wandering albatrossesDiomedea exulans, we assessed decadal variation (from 1976 to 2016) in the habitat (δ13C) and trophic level (δ15N) of five important Southern Ocean squid species in relation to indices of environmental conditions—Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Based onδ13C values, corrected for the Suess effect, habitat had changed over the last 50 years forTaoniussp. B (Voss),Gonatus antarcticus,Galiteuthis glacialisandHistioteuthis atlanticabut notMoroteuthopsis longimana. By comparison, meanδ15N values were similar across decades for all five species, suggesting minimal changes in trophic levels. Both SAM and SOI have increased in strength and frequency over the study period but, of the five species, only inTaoniussp. B (Voss) did these indices correlate with,δ13C andδ15N values, indicating direct relationships between environmental conditions, habitat and trophic level. The five cephalopod species therefore changed their habitats with changing environmental conditions over the last 50 years but maintained similar trophic levels. Hence, cephalopods are likely to remain important prey for top predators in Southern Ocean food webs, despite ongoing climate change.
Low-cost portable microwave sensor for non-invasive monitoring of blood glucose level: novel design utilizing a four-cell CSRR hexagonal configuration
Authors: Omer Ala Eldin , Shaker George , Safavi-Naeini Safieddin , Kokabi Hamid , Alquié Georges , Deshours Frédérique , Shubair Raed M.
Published: September 2020

This article presents a novel design of portable planar microwave sensor for fast, accurate, and non-invasive monitoring of the blood glucose level as an effective technique for diabetes control and prevention. The proposed sensor design incorporates four cells of hexagonal-shaped complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs), arranged in a honey-cell configuration, and fabricated on a thin sheet of an FR4 dielectric substrate.The CSRR sensing elements are coupled via a planar microstrip-line to a radar board operating in the ISM band 2.4–2.5 GHz. The integrated sensor shows an impressive detection capability and a remarkable sensitivity of blood glucose levels (BGLs). The superior detection capability is attributed to the enhanced design of the CSRR sensing elements that expose the glucose samples to an intense interaction with the electromagnetic fields highly concentrated around the sensing region at the induced resonances. This feature enables the developed sensor to detect extremely delicate variations in the electromagnetic properties that characterize the varying-level glucose samples. The desired performance of the fabricated sensor is practically validated through in-vitro measurements using a convenient setup of Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) that records notable traces of frequency-shift responses when the sensor is loaded with samples of 70–120 mg/dL glucose concentrations. This is also demonstrated in the radar-driven prototype where the raw data collected at the radar receiving channel shows obvious patterns that reflect glucose-level variations. Furthermore, the differences in the sensor responses for tested glucose samples are quantified by applying the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) machine learning algorithm. The proposed sensor, beside its impressive detection capability of the diabetes-spectrum glucose levels, has several other favorable attributes including compact size, simple fabrication, affordable cost, non-ionizing nature, and minimum health risk or impact. Such attractive features promote the proposed sensor as a possible candidate for non-invasive glucose levels monitoring for diabetes as evidenced by the preliminary results from a proof-of-concept in-vivo experiment of tracking an individual’s BGL by placing his fingertip onto the sensor. The presented system is a developmental platform towards radar-driven wearable continuous BGL monitors.
One-step synthesis of a carbon dot-based fluorescent probe for colorimetric and ratiometric sensing of tetracycline
Authors: Xue Jing , Li Na-Na , Zhang Dong-Mei , Bi Cai-Feng , Xu Cun-Gang , Shi Ning-Ning , Zhang Xia , Fan Yu-Hua
Published: September 2020

Carbon dots (CDs) with blue fluorescence were synthesized by indole-3-butyric acid andl-tryptophan using a one-step hydrothermal method. The CDs were used as a fluorescent sensor with high selectivity for colorimetric and ratiometric detection of tetracycline (TC) in water.
Biosynthesis of oxygenated brasilane terpene glycosides involves a promiscuous N-acetylglucosamine transferase
Authors: Feng Jin , Surup Frank , Hauser Maurice , Miller Anna , Wennrich Jan-Peer , Stadler Marc , Cox Russell J. , Kuhnert Eric
Published: September 2020

The biosynthesis of brasilane glycosides in the fungus Annulohypoxylon truncatum was investigated resulting in the characterisation of a rare type of fungal N-acetylglucosamine transferase.
The laser-triggered dynamical plasmonic optical trapping of targets and advanced Raman detection sensitivity
Authors: Kang Yan , Yang Feng , Wu Ting , Lu Siqian , Du Yiping , Yang Haifeng
Published: September 2020

Targets can be captured at hot spots during the laser-induced agglomeration of AgNPs via dynamical plasmonic optical trapping.
Strong CPL of achiral liquid crystal fluorescent polymer via the regulation of AIE-active chiral dopant
Authors: Liu Kerui , Shen Yihao , Li Xiaojing , Zhang Yu , Quan Yiwu , Cheng Yixiang
Published: September 2020

Strong CPL induced by ternary polymer dispersed cholesteric liquid crystals (PD-CLCs) can deliver a new strategy for designing excellent CPL materials.
Synthesis and structures of polyiodide radical cation salts of donors combining tetrathiafulvalene with multiple thiophene or oligo-thiophene substituents
Authors: Short Jonathan , Blundell Toby J. , Yang Songjie , Sahin Onur , Shakespeare Yiana , Smith Emma L. , Wallis John D. , Martin Lee
Published: September 2020

The preparation and structures of the radical cation salts of a series of new TTF-based donors bearing thiophene or oligothiophene side chains with polyiodide counterions are described.
Towards developing efficient metalloporphyrin-based hybrid photocatalysts for CO2reduction; anab initiostudy
Authors: Ostovan Azar , Papior Nick , Zahedi Mansour , Moshfegh Alireza Z.
Published: September 2020

A series of metalloporphyrin-based hybrid photocatalysts were theoretically designed for efficient CO2reduction.
Interface engineering of inorganic solid-state electrolytes for high-performance lithium metal batteries
Authors: Miao Xianguang , Wang Huiyang , Sun Rui , Wang Chengxiang , Zhang Zhiwei , Li Zhaoqiang , Yin Longwei
Published: September 2020

This review presents the mechanisms, challenges, strategies, and perspectives in the interface engineering of inorganic-based solid-state Li metal batteries.
Tuning selectivity of CO2 hydrogenation by modulating the strong metal–support interaction over Ir/TiO2 catalysts
Authors: Zhang Yaru , Zhang Zhen , Yang Xiaofeng , Wang Ruifeng , Duan Hongmin , Shen Zheng , Li Lin , Su Yang , Yang Runze , Zhang Yongping , Su Xiong , Huang Yanqiang , Zhang Tao
Published: September 2020

Modulating the strong metal-support interaction over Ir/TiO2 offers an opportunity for selective transformation of CO2 hydrogenation from CH4 to CO.
Fabrication and characterization of polylactic acid/polycaprolactone composite macroporous micro-nanofiber scaffolds by phase separation
Authors: Liu Shuqiong , Zheng Yuying , Hu Jiapeng , Wu Zhenzeng , Chen Houwen
Published: September 2020

By using incompatible polymers, the preparation of scaffolds with a macroporous structure has overcome the use of porogens and carcinogenic solvents.
Formation of ammonium ions by electrochemical oxidation of urea with a boron-doped diamond electrode
Authors: Suzuki Norihiro , Okazaki Akihiro , Takagi Kai , Serizawa Izumi , Okada Genji , Terashima Chiaki , Katsumata Ken-ichi , Kondo Takeshi , Yuasa Makoto , Fujishima Akira
Published: September 2020

Ammonium ions were formed electrochemically from urea with a boron-doped diamond electrode and increased by using photocatalyst together.
Rational prediction of multifunctional bilayer single atom catalysts for the hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions
Authors: Hu Riming , Li Yongcheng , Wang Fuhe , Shang Jiaxiang
Published: September 2020

Bilayer single atom catalysts can serve as promising multifunctional electrocatalysts for the HER, ORR, and OER.
A dual-ion accepting vanadium carbide nanowire cathode integrated with carbon cloths for high cycling stability
Authors: Nam Sanghee , Thangasamy Pitchai , Oh Saewoong , Mahato Manmatha , Koratkar Nikhil , Oh Il-Kwon
Published: September 2020

Herein, we report vanadium carbide (V8C7) nanowires (NWs) axially grown on carbon cloths (CCs) as a dual-ion accepting cathode for both lithium (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs).
Soft-template assisted synthesis of hexagonal antimonene and bismuthene in colloidal solutions
Authors: Zhang Jing , Ye Shuai , Sun Yuan , Zhou Feifan , Song Jun , Qu Junle
Published: September 2020

Multilayered hexagonal antimonene and bismuthene nanosheets were synthesized by a soft template approach.
Glycoside hydrolase stabilization of transition state charge: new directions for inhibitor design
Authors: Ren Weiwu , Farren-Dai Marco , Sannikova Natalia , Świderek Katarzyna , Wang Yang , Akintola Oluwafemi , Britton Robert , Moliner Vicent , Bennet Andrew J.
Published: September 2020

Positive charge stabilized on remote C5-allylic center with catalysis occurringviaa loose SN2 transition state.
Regioselective addition/annulation of ferrocenyl thioamides with 1,3-diynes via a sulfur-transfer rearrangement to construct extended π-conjugated ferrocenes with luminescent properties
Authors: Yan Lipeng , Lan Jingbo , Cheng Hu , Li Yihang , Zhang Mangang , Wu Di , You Jingsong
Published: September 2020

Regioselective addition/annulation of ferrocenyl thioamides with 1,3-diynes has been developed to construct extended π-conjugated ferrocenes with luminescent properties.
DNN‐based interference mitigation beamformer
Authors: Ramezanpour Parham , Mosavi Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2020

In classical beamforming techniques such as minimum mean squared error and minimum variance distortion‐less response, for computing optimum weight vector of an antenna array, direction of arrival (DoA) of desired signal should be known as prior knowledge. In this study, a deep neural‐network‐based beamformer is proposed for estimating the desired signal in presence of noise and interference without requiring prior knowledge on the DoA of the desired signal. In the proposed beamformer, a bidirectional long short‐term memory (bi‐LSTM) is employed for estimating samples of interferences. On the other hand, samples of the desired signal are estimated by either another bi‐LSTM or a convolutional neural network. The signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) at the output of the proposed beamformer is 10 dB higher than the SINR at the output of the classical beamformers when the number of available snapshots is as low as 100. The proposed beamformer has promising performance when the input interference to signal ratio is as high as 34 dB and the input signal‐to‐noise ratio is as low as −10 dB.
Pseudo‐spectral method for controlling the drug dosage in cancer
Authors: Nazari Mostafa , Nazari Morteza , Noori Skandari Mohammad Hadi
Published: September 2020

A mixed chemotherapy–immunotherapy treatment protocol is developed for cancer treatment. Chemotherapy pushes the trajectory of the system towards the desired equilibrium point, and then immunotherapy alters the dynamics of the system by affecting the parameters of the system. A co‐existing cancerous equilibrium point is considered as the desired equilibrium point instead of the tumour‐free equilibrium. Chemotherapy protocol is derived using the pseudo‐spectral (PS) controller due to its high convergence rate and simple implementation structure. Thus, one of the contributions of this study is simplifying the design procedure and reducing the controller computational load in comparison with Lyapunov‐based controllers. In this method, an infinite‐horizon optimal control problem is proposed for a non‐linear cancer model. Then, the infinite‐horizon optimal control of cancer is transformed into a non‐linear programming problem. The efficient Legendre PS scheme is suggested to solve the proposed problem. Then, the dynamics of the system is modified by immunotherapy is another contribution. To restrict the upper limit of the chemo‐drug dose based on the age of the patients, a Mamdani fuzzy system is designed, which is not present yet. Simulation results on four different dynamics cases how the efficiency of the proposed treatment strategy.
ICAT acts as a Coactivator in Regulating PPARγ Transcriptional Activity in Mesangial Cells
Authors: Wei Yi , Yu Jiawei , Zhang Xiaopeng , Mu Jiao , Zhang Jun , Zeng Wei , Feng Bing
Published: September 2020

Aims Our study aims to explore the role of β-catenin interaction protein-1(ICAT) in regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) transcriptional activity in mesangial cells. The abnormal ICAT expression in mesangial cells under high glucose(HG) contributes to the development of diabetes and its complications such as diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Methods Human mesangial cells (HMCs) were cultured in either 5.5 (normal control) or 30 (high glucose) mmol/L glucose medium. Overexpression and knock-down of ICAT or β-catenin were carried out by transient transfection. PPARγ transcriptional activity was evaluated by luciferase assay. Protein-protein interactions were tested by Coimmunoprecipitation and GST-pull down assay. Cell phenotype transition of HMCs was detected by the expression level of α-SMA and fibronectin, as well as MTT assay.

Results High β-catenin protein expression but low ICAT was accompanied by low PPARγ transcriptional activity in HMCs cultured in HG. By using bioinformatics prediction, protein-protein and protein-DNA interaction experimental methods, ICAT and β-catenin were confirmed to act as coactivators in regulating PPARγ transcriptional activity. Overexpression of ICAT could mitigate the decrease of PPARγ transcriptional activity and partly relieve cell phenotype transition in HMCs.

Conclusions β-catenin and ICAT interact as coactivator to modulate PPARγ transcriptional activation. In HMCs cultured in HG, the low expression of ICAT leads to low PPARγ transcriptional activation.
Wirkungsweise von Fluoriden: Allgemeine Aspekte –
Festsitzende KFO-Apparaturen: Karies und Prophylaxe
Authors: Lussi Adrian , Attin Rengin
Published: September 2020

Schmelz und Dentin bestehen zum größten Teil aus dem harten
mineralischen kristallinen Material „Apatit“. Die
Zahnoberfläche steht in ständigem Austausch mit ihrer
Umgebung: mit dem Speichel, dem Biofilm Plaque und allem, was in den Mund
hineingelangt. Dazu gehören kariogene und erosive sowie die
Remineralisation fördernde Substanzen.

Stoffe aus der Zahnhartsubstanz werden in die umgebende Flüssigkeit
abgegeben und Stoffe aus der Umgebung in den Zahn aufgenommen und in das
Kristallgitter eingelagert oder adsorbiert. Damit die Zähne intakt
bleiben, darf nicht mehr Material abgegeben werden als auch wieder eingebaut
wird: es herrscht ein dynamisches Gleichgewicht. Um neue Schäden
(wie z. B. Karies oder Erosionen) zu verhindern, muss ein
für die Zähne günstiges Gleichgewicht
aufrechterhalten werden. Dies kann durch entsprechende Ernährung und
Mundhygiene entscheidend beeinflusst werden. Auch Fluorid hat durch seine
Eigenschaften eine positive Wirkung auf dieses Gleichgewicht.
Während kieferorthopädischen Behandlungen kommt es
insbesondere im Bereich der Front- und Eckzähne nicht selten zu
kariösen Läsionen. Die Brackets sind eine Retentionsstelle
für den Biofilm und die üblich verwendeten Hilfsmittel
(Zahnbürste mit Zahnpaste zu Hause, Napf mit Paste in der Praxis)
erreichen wichtige Stellen nicht. Neue Methoden wie die Guided Biofilm
Therapy (GBT) und Hilfsmittel für eine bessere Reinigung der
Bracketumgebung werden vorgestellt.