bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promoting small family businesses through OCOP program and tourism activities in rural areas in Vietnam: the case of Bac Giang province
Authors: Le Anh Thi Phuong , Kunasekaran Puvaneswaran , Ravagan Neethiahnanthan Ari , Le Hung Ngoc , Nguyen Tuan Thanh , Luong Thang Vu
Published: August 2022

Purpose

One Commune One Product (OCOP) program, a rural economic development program in Vietnam, aims to empower local communities for sustainable social and economic welfare development, protect the environment and preserve tradition. This study aims to employ this program associated with tourism to support small family businesses in rural areas cost-effectively.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used the geographic location mapping method to design tourist routes that connect tourism resources with OCOP producers. A stakeholder approach was employed to identify suggested practical works that need to be implemented while developing this tourism initiative.

Findings

Four rural districts of Bac Giang Province, a northern province in Vietnam known as the place of various indigenous people live and traditional craft villages. Many cultural and historical tourist sites have been chosen as sample areas for this study. By using Google map, based on the Bac Giang Tourist Map and a list of recognized OCOP products in Bac Giang Province, main tourist sites (16 locations) and small family businesses (known as cooperatives and households) that have OCOP products (17 places) in the four districts have been identified. Four notable tourist routes have been formed to propose four thematic tours (two 1-day tours and two 2 days-1 night homestay tours). Suggestions for related stakeholders to ensure the sustainability of this initiative are provided.

Research limitations/implications

This study is supposed to be a model of promoting small family businesses through OCOP programs and tourism activities in a sustainable way in Vietnam. The outcome of this study is in line with the stakeholder theory emphasizing the systematic connection of various stakeholders such as employees, suppliers, local communities, government agencies and others towards complex business sustainability. The results of the study cannot conclude the small family businesses in Vietnam because it adopts geographic location mapping alone. Moreover, this study focused on OCOP programs only. Future research can use other methods of primary data collection, especially from tourists' perspectives. Data triangulation can be done to explore and verify the tourist routes that have been formed according to the four thematic tours proposed. Future research could also compare hotels managed by family businesses with non-family businesses.

Originality/value

This study is supposed to be a model of promoting small family businesses through OCOP programs and tourism activities in a sustainable way in Vietnam.
Modelling perceived risk in blockchain enabled supply chain utilizing fuzzy-AHP
Authors: Dua Sagar , Sharma Mohita Gangwar , Mishra Vinaytosh , Kulkarni Sourabh Devidas
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Blockchain has been considered a disrupting technology that can add value in various supply chains differently. The provenance framework matches the four blockchain capabilities of traceability, certifiability, trackability and verifiability to the five generic risks, namely, the financial risk, psychological risk, social risk, physical risk and performance risk. This will help in uncording which specific risk gets mitigated by the use of blockchain in a specific supply chain.

Design/methodology/approach

This study illustrates four supply chains, namely, pharmaceutical industry, fast moving consumer goods industry, precious metal and automotive industry, and maps the risks associated with them to the provenance framework wherein the applicability of blockchain is mapped. Fuzzy analytical hierarchical processing (F-AHP) is used to rank the risks in the supply chain.

Findings

Blockchain capabilities can elevate the provenance knowledge leading to assurance in terms of origin, authenticity, custody and integrity to mitigate the supply chain risks. Present work highlights the thrust areas across various supply chains and identifies the risk priority tasks aligning the contextual supply chain risks. This study has covered five major risk perceptions. This study contributes to the literature on blockchain, customer perceived risk, provenance and supply chain.

Practical implications

This methodology can be adopted to understand and market the application of blockchain in a supply chain. It brings the marketers and marketing perspective to the supply chain. Exhaustive risk perception can be included to get more comprehensive data on mapping the risks along different supply chains. Vertical extensions of this work can be consideration of other supply chains including dairy, fruits and vegetables, electronics and component assemblies to derive the comprehensive framework for mapping risk perceptions and thereby supply chain risk mitigation through blockchain technology.

Originality/value

This linkage between blockchain, perceived risk, applications in the supply chain and a tool to convince the customers about the blockchain applicability has not been discussed in the literature. Adopting the multi-criteria decision-making F-AHP approach, this study attempt to rank the risks and stimulate conversations around a common framework for multiple sectors.
“I alone can fix it”: is social courage a bright side of narcissism?
Authors: Howard Matt C. , Forde Wade , Whitmore Jacob , Lambert Elise V.Z.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Narcissism is characterized by grandiosity, and it is included in the Dark Triad with Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Narcissism relates to many detrimental outcomes, but a growing stream of research has investigated beneficial outcomes of the Dark Triad. The authors continue this stream of research by assessing the relation of narcissism with social courage behaviors, which are prosocial actions with personal social risks. The authors propose that this relation is mediated by self-deceptive enhancement and subjective invulnerability and also test these relations while including the other Dark Triad dimensions.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors perform two survey studies to investigate our research questions. The first utilizes a cross-sectional approach, whereas the second utilizes a time-separated approach.

Findings

The results of this study show that narcissism has an indirect effect on social courage via both mediators, and it also produced a significant direct effect. Machiavellianism and psychopathy did not produce any reliable effects on social courage – whether direct or indirect.

Practical implications

The authors support that a “dark” trait relates to a “bright” outcome, but also that a bright outcome relates to a dark trait. These findings link the narcissism and social courage to novel theoretical frameworks, such as those associated with ethical decision making and self-regulation, which opens many directions for future research on both constructs.

Originality/value

The current article addresses two recent calls for novel research: the study of courage as well as positive outcomes of negative traits. It also adds much-needed nuance to current research on narcissism and courage.
Bibliometrics-based visualization analysis of knowledge-based economy and implications to environmental, social and governance (ESG)
Authors: Pu Ruihui , Chankoson Thitinan , Dong Rebecca Kechen , Song Lingxi
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This study brings knowledge economy and sharing to advance environmental, social and governance (ESG). Nevertheless, knowledge economy is a broad research field and dynamic phenomenon. To fill this lacuna, the purpose of this study is to build a link between the literature field of knowledge economy and sharing to advance each ESG limitation. To achieve this aim, the authors have (1) presented the prevailing state of research on the literature field of knowledge economy and sharing and (2) provided future research avenues for understanding the ESG.

Design/methodology/approach

Therefore, this study has conducted a bibliometrics-based visualization analysis of literature data of 169 publications in knowledge economy field from 2010 to 2020. The authors classify findings into five clusters mapping the evolution of knowledge economy.

Findings

The analytical findings indicate the linkages between these clusters with ESG, as well as the application of knowledge economy to advance ESG limitations. This study offers future research implications for knowledge management scholars and managerial suggestions to ESG practitioners.

Originality/value

ESG is a newly emerging investment concept and corporate evaluation standard aiming at exploring a sustainable development path and striking a balance between commercial value and corporate social responsibility. But the status quo indicates identical ESG limitations due to the board of directors’ limited knowledge capacity, inconsistent and ununified ESG measurement and a lack of ESG information. In parallel, knowledge economy has increasingly created a huge higher rate of return and benefits towards this disruptive society. This study brings knowledge economy and sharing to advance ESG. Nevertheless, knowledge economy is a broad research field and dynamic phenomenon.
How empathetic leadership communication mitigates employees' turnover intention during COVID-19-related organizational change
Authors: Yue Cen April , Thelen Patrick D. , Walden Justin
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak thrust a spotlight on organizational leaders and the challenges that employees face during periods of organizational change. The purpose of the current study is to examine the influence of empathetic supervisor communication on employee turnover intention and the mediating role of affective trust toward supervisors and employee–organization relationship (EOR) quality. Informed by the social exchange theory and EOR literature, the authors develop a model in which affective trust toward supervisors and EOR quality mediates the relationship between empathetic supervisor communication and employee turnover intention.

Design/methodology/approach

This study recruited 417 employees based in the USA through an online panel operated by a professional survey company. Data collection that followed a quota sampling procedure lasted for about three weeks in October 2020. The authors used structural equation modeling to test the study hypotheses.

Findings

The findings of this study indicated that the extent to which supervisors adopted empathetic communication during organizational change had considerable repercussions on their supervisees' affective trust toward supervisors, relationship perception toward their organizations, and ultimately, their turnover intention.

Originality/value

This study is among the first that identifies empathetic communication as a pivotal force in driving employees' positive relational and behavioral reactions, reinforcing the growing expectation of supervisors in fulfilling communication functions during organizational change. Moreover, the authors contribute to understanding change management as an activity rooted in and enacted through communication between supervisors and subordinates. In addition, this study contributes to the organizational research of empathy during change.
Household stock market participation in South Africa: the role of financial literacy and social interactions
Authors: Nyakurukwa Kingstone , Seetharam Yudhvir
Published: August 2022

Purpose

One of the most important phenomena that have been confronted in the field of household finance is the stock market participation puzzle. The puzzle describes the anomaly that the majority of households do not have ownership of stock market products, though empirically stocks give higher expected returns than risk-free assets. The stock market participation rate plays an important role as it has a direct bearing on the equity premium. In this study, the authors aim to investigate how financial literacy and various proxies of social interaction are associated with stock market participation in South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses probit regression and ordinary least squares using the South African National Income Dynamics survey Wave 5 of 2017 to investigate whether financial literacy and social interaction are significantly associated with stock market participation. The financial literacy index is computed using factor analysis on the responses to the financial literacy questions used in the survey. The authors use three proxies for social interaction, namely membership in a Stokvel, membership in a men's association and membership in a women's association.

Findings

The results reveal that an increase in financial literacy increases the odds of respondents participating in the stock market. Among the control variables, age, race and level of education are significantly associated with stock market participation. When it comes to social interaction, it is belonging to a men's association that is significantly associated with stock market participation. The other proxies for social interaction are insignificantly associated with stock market participation.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the extant literature by using a set of proxies for social interaction that have the potential to influence stock market participation which have not been used in a South African context.
Negative effects of forest gaps on dung removal in a full‐factorial experiment
Authors: Staab Michael , Achury Rafael , Ammer Christian , Ehbrecht Martin , Irmscher Veronika , Mohr Hendrik , Schall Peter , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Blüthgen Nico
Published: August 2022

Ecosystem functioning may directly or indirectly—via change in biodiversity—respond to land use. Dung removal is an important ecosystem function central for the decomposition of mammal faeces, including secondary seed dispersal and improved soil quality. Removal usually increases with dung beetle diversity and biomass. In forests, dung removal can vary with structural variables that are, however, often interrelated, making experiments necessary to understand the role of single variables on ecosystem functions. How gaps and deadwood, two main outcomes of forest management influence dung removal, is unknown.

We tested if dung removal responds to gap creation and deadwood provisioning or if treatment effects are mediated via responses of dung beetles. We expected lower removal rates in gaps due to lower dung beetle biomass and diversity.

We sampled dung beetles and measured dung removal in a highly‐replicated full‐factorial forest experiment established at 29 sites in three regions of Germany (treatments: Gap, Gap + Deadwood, Deadwood, Control). All gaps were experimentally created and had a diameter of around 30 m.

Dung beetle diversity, biomass and dung removal were each lower in gaps than in controls. Dung removal decreased from 61.9% in controls to 48.5% in gaps, irrespective of whether or not the gap had deadwood. This treatment effect was primarily driven by dung beetle biomass but not diversity. Furthermore, dung removal was reduced to 56.9% in the deadwood treatment.

Our findings are not consistent with complementarity effects of different dung beetle species linked to biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning relationships that have been shown in several ecosystems. In contrast, identity effects can be pronounced: gaps reduced the abundance of a large‐bodied key forest species (Anoplotrupes stercorosus), without compensatory recruitment of open land species. While gaps and deadwood are important for many forest organisms, dung beetles and dung removal respond negatively. Our results exemplify how experiments can contribute to test hypotheses on the interrelation between land use, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
Enhanced Water Resources Risk from Collocation of Disposal Wells and Legacy Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Regions in Texas
Authors: Martin Nick , Nicholaides Kindra , Southard Paul
Published: August 2022

An existing probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) for Class I hazardous waste (Class IH) injection well systems is extended for dynamic risk analysis and modified for Class II disposal well systems, which inject large volumes of “exempt” oil and gas (OG) exploration and production (E&P) waste. Disposal system failure is release of waste to the biosphere, including underground sources of drinking water. Comparative PRA analysis of generic Class IH and generic Texas Class II disposal systems suggests Class II systems are 50 times more likely to fail than Class IH systems due to different requirements for pressure monitoring, waste migration monitoring, and number of confining layers. The generic Texas Class II disposal well PRA was extended to portray a generic disposal system in Dimmit County, Texas, which is a legacy OG E&P region, and to account for the increased likelihood of waste migration pathways from unknown wells and plug failure of abandoned wells. Legacy oil‐related activities increase the probability of waste migration pathways because well construction, regulatory protections, and information tracking technologies have improved during the last 40 years. The system failure likelihood for Class II disposal well systems, collocated with legacy and active OG activities, is twice that for generic Texas Class II disposal systems, and failure likelihood increases with the assumed proportion of unknown wells to known wells.
Perceived barriers and facilitators to the provision of physiotherapy in residential aged care facilities: A national survey of Australian physiotherapists
Authors: Brett Lindsey , Pocovi Natasha Celeste , Traynor Victoria
Published: August 2022

Objective

To identify and explore physiotherapists' perceived barriers and facilitators to the provision of physiotherapy in Australian residential aged care facilities (RACFs).

Methods

A national cross‐sectional survey was conducted with physiotherapists who worked in Australian RACFs for at least 50% of their working week. A variety of methods, such as social media, direct contact with aged care providers, and the Australian Physiotherapy Association, were used to advertise the survey. A rigorous design was used to develop the online survey to collect views on barriers and facilitators to provision of physiotherapy in Australian RACFs. Descriptive analysis was conducted using SPSS to analyse participant characteristics. Inductive framework analysis was conducted using NVivo 12 to identify key themes.

Results

One hundred and sixty‐five qualified and registered physiotherapists (mean age 39.5 years, 74% female) who worked predominantly in Australian RACFs participated in this study. Five themes were identified: individual physiotherapist, collaborations, organisational, RACF community, and public policy. Each had associated barriers and facilitators to provision of physiotherapy as perceived by physiotherapists. Individual, collaborative, and RACF community factors were the main facilitators of physiotherapy in Australian RACFs. Organisational and public policy factors were identified as the main barriers of physiotherapy.

Conclusions

This study highlighted what factors are perceived by RACF physiotherapists to facilitate provision of physiotherapy, and what areas of improvement should be considered to potentially provide more effective care in Australian RACFs. Due to the varied responses in this study, further research is warranted to determine the degree of impact of the identified factors.
Night‐Time Curfew, Day‐Time Masks
Authors: Mwita Jacob Muniko
Published: August 2022

In this narrative, I offer a lightly fictionalized version of my experience returning to Kenya from the United States to conduct fieldwork from late 2020 through mid‐2021, a period when the COVID‐19 pandemic was ravaging globally. My narrative reveals how local people draw on their knowledge of the corrupt police system to resist COVID‐19 restrictions as they navigate and make meaning of their day‐to‐day lives during the pandemic and how the police use the mask mandate and curfew to take bribes from people who defy these restrictions. The story also brings into question the extent to which native ethnographers can re‐immerse themselves into the everyday lives of their home communities while balancing the many intersecting factors that inform their positionality.
Santa Rosa and Singing from the Heart of the Bädi
Authors: Niche Jorgelina Reinoso
Published: August 2022

For the Mexican Otomi of the Sierra Norte de Puebla, Santa Rosa is a sacred plant used by the shaman to heal people and sing in rituals called costumbres. It is also an Antigua, a sacred deity who maintains a constant dialogue with ritual specialists. In the Otomi discourse and its worldview of Santa Rosa, as well as in its ritual process, it is eaten, not smoked. Although it is cannabis, they mention that: "the Santa Rosa is eaten, it is sacred; marijuana, the one they smoke in Mexico, is another one that looks like it."
Characterization of costal cartilage allografts
Authors: Sinclair Sonia , Walsh William R.
Published: August 2022

Background

Human costal cartilage remains widely used in the reconstruction of soft tissues, particularly within the field of plastic and orthopaedic surgery. The biologic expense of using autologous human costal cartilage has become superseded by the increasingly common use of irradiated costal cartilage allografts. To date, there has been no histologic investigation of such costal cartilage allografts. This study aims to characterize the histologic variations that exist between different costal cartilage specimens, and to quantify this between specimens in spite of their common anatomical derivation.

Methods

Twenty‐five specimens of cadaveric human costal cartilage were obtained from Australian Biotechnologies. Each specimen was irradiated, sectioned and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin, Masson's trichrome and tetrachrome stains. After being analysed under light microscopy, specimen dimensions, chondrocyte counts and mineral content was quantified and measured.

Results

The median specimen diameter was 8.20 mm, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 1.59 mm. The median measurement from the superficial to basal chondrocyte layer was 1409.91 μm (IQR = 885.59 μm), and the median measurement from superficial to calcified zone was 4146.26 μm (IQR 1441.83 μm). The median chondrocyte area was 442.74 μm2 (IQR = 2622.72 μm2) with their total chondrocyte count ranging from 289 to 591 chondrocytes per square millimetre. The median percentages of collagen and mineral content were 45.17% and 71.82%, respectively (IQR = 20.48%, 14.75%).

Conclusion

These findings emphasize the histologic and biochemical degree of variation that exists between specimens of human cadaveric costal cartilage on a microscopic level. This has the potential to influence the selection of costal cartilage allografts for reconstructive purposes.
Dose optimization of cefotaxime as pre‐emptive treatment in critically ill adult patients: A population pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Roelofsen Eveline E. , Abdulla Alan , Muller Anouk E. , Endeman Henrik , Gommers Diederik , Dijkstra Annemieke , Hunfeld Nicole G. M. , de Winter Brenda C. M. , Koch Birgit C. P.
Published: August 2022

Aims

To describe the pharmacokinetics (PK) of cefotaxime as pre‐emptive treatment in critically ill adult patients, including covariates and to determine the probability of target attainment (PTA) of different dosage regimens for Enterobacterales and Staphylococcus aureus.

Methods

Five samples were drawn during 1 dosage interval in critically ill patients treated with cefotaxime 1 g q6h or q4h. PK parameters were estimated using NONMEM (v7.4.2). The percentage of patients reaching 100% fT>MICECOFF was used to compare different dosage regimens for Enterobacterales and S. aureus.

Results

This study included 92 patients (437 samples). The best structural model was a 2‐compartment model with a combined error, interindividual variability on clearance, central volume and intercompartmental clearance. Correlations between interindividual variability were included. Clearance increased with higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; creatinine clearance) and albumin concentration. For Enterobacterales, 1 g q8h reached 95% PTA and continuous infusion (CI) of 4 g 24 h−1 100% PTA at the highest eGFR and albumin concentration. For S. aureus the predefined target of 95% PTA was not reached with higher eGFR and/or albumin concentrations. CI of 6 g 24 h−1 for S. aureus resulted in a minimum of 99% PTA.

Conclusion

Cefotaxime PK in critically ill patients was best described by a 2‐compartment model with eGFR and albumin concentration as covariates influencing clearance. For Enterobacterales 1 g q8h or CI of 4 g 24 h−1 was adequate for all combinations of eGFR and albumin concentration. For S. aureus CI of 6 g 24 h−1 would be preferred if eGFR and albumin concentration exceed 80 mL min−1 and 40 g L−1 respectively.
A survey of eating styles in eight countries: Examining restrained, emotional, intuitive eating and their correlates
Authors: Markey Charlotte H. , Strodl Esben , Aimé Annie , McCabe Marita , Rodgers Rachel , Sicilia Alvaro , Coco Gianluca Lo , Dion Jacinthe , Mellor David , Pietrabissa Giada , Gullo Salvatore , Granero‐Gallegos Antonio , Probst Michel , Maïano Christophe , Bégin Catherine , Alcaraz‐Ibáñez Manuel , Blackburn Marie‐Eve , Caltabiano Marie L. , Manzoni Gian Mauro , Castelnuovo Gianluca , Hayami‐Chisuwa Naomi , He Qiqiang , Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz Matthew
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Restrained, emotional and intuitive eating were examined in relation to each other and as correlates of participants’ weight status, body image and self‐esteem. In some past research, restrained and emotional eating have been associated with higher weight status and poorer mental health, while intuitive eating is more frequently linked to lower weight status and more positive well‐being. However, these eating styles have rarely been examined together and never in a large cross‐country sample.

Method

Six‐thousand two‐hundred and seventy‐two (6272) emerging adults (M age = 21.54 years, SD = 3.13) completed scales from the Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire, the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire, the Intuitive Eating Scale‐2, the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, and provided weight and height information that was used to calculate body mass index (BMI). Participants resided in Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Italy, Japan, Spain and the United States and provided information using an online survey.

Results

Path analyses for the entire sample revealed significant pathways between higher intuitive eating and higher body satisfaction and self‐esteem, and lower BMIs among participants. Higher levels of restrained and emotional eating were associated with lower body satisfaction and self‐esteem, and higher BMIs among participants. Minor cross‐country differences were evident in these patterns of relations, but intuitive eating emerged as a consistent predictor across countries.

Conclusion

Overall, findings suggest that efforts should be made to increase intuitive eating among emerging adults and to support individual and macrolevel interventions to decrease restrained and emotional eating behaviours.
Athena Speciality Certificate Examination case for formulation and systemic therapy
Authors: Hussain Khawar , Fearfield Louise , Roberts Nerys
Published: August 2022

This Athena case describes possible differential diagnoses in a patient with multiple blisters. Histopathology showed subepidermal clefting and superficial dermal inflammation, while immunohistochemistry showed linear deposition of IgG and C3 along the basement membrane zone.
Multi‐gene phylogeny of North American clear‐winged moths (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae): a foundation for future evolutionary study of a speciose mimicry complex
Authors: Cognato Anthony I. , Taft William , Osborn Rachel K. , Rubinoff Daniel
Published: August 2022

Sesiids are a diverse group of predominantly diurnal moths, many of which are Batesian mimics of Hymenoptera. However, their diversity and relationships are poorly understood. A multi‐gene phylogenetic analysis of 48 North American sesiid species confirmed the traditional taxonomic tribal ranks, demonstrated the paraphyly of Carmenta and Synanthedon with respect to several other genera and ultimately provided minimal phylogenetic resolution within and between North American and European groups. Character support from each gene suggested inconsistency between the phylogenetic signal of the CAD gene and that of the other four genes. However, removal of CAD from subsequent phylogenetic analyses did not substantially change the initial phylogenetic results or return Carmenta and Synanthedon as reciprocally monophyletic, suggesting that it was not impacting the overall phylogenetic signal. The lack of resolution using genes that are typically informative at the species level for other lepidopterans suggests a surprisingly rapid radiation of species in Carmenta/Synanthedon. This group also exhibits a wide range of mimicry strategies and hostplant usage, which could be fertile ground for future study.
Board surname sharing and investment efficiency: Evidence from Chinese state‐owned enterprises
Authors: Huang Baibing , Yang Endong , Zhang Yang
Published: August 2022

Research Question/Issue

Using data on Chinese listed state‐owned enterprises (SOEs), this study examines the impact of board surname sharing on firms' investment efficiency.

Research Findings/Insights

We find that surname sharing among a firm's board of directors is positively associated with its investment efficiency. The main result continues to hold when using alternative measures and accounting for endogeneity. Specifically, we show higher surname homogeneity mitigates agency costs and information asymmetry. Taken together, this evidence supports the view that board surname sharing is conducive to effective communications in the boardroom, thus enhancing board effectiveness and collective decision‐making among board members.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

With the theory of social identity, the literature presents two opposing views on the impact of group identity on corporate behaviors. One view focuses on the cost of favoritism bias and coalition while the other view illustrates the benefits of group coordination and communication. We shed light on this debate by documenting that the group identity of surname sharing might increase corporate investment efficiency. To our knowledge, this is the first study providing evidence that social identity benefits board decision‐making.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

Our findings have implications for formulating the “best practice” on executive selection and boosting board composition. In addition to structural factors and procedural rules, shareholders and policymakers may need to carefully consider creating the climate of a robust social system of the board to ensure a virtuous cycle of trust and outspokenness, especially when dealing with the problems of passive monitoring.
Inducible motor neuron differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells in vivo
Authors: Chen Min , Wang Xia , Li Chuan , Lan Ting , Wei Yuhui , Tang Chengcheng , Zhou Xiaoqing , Zhou Renping , Rosa Alessandro , Zheng Xi , Ang Song , Zhang Kun , Zou Qingjian , Lai Liangxue
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Transplantation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is one of the promising treatment strategies for motor neuron diseases (MNDs). However, the inefficiency in committed differentiation of NPCs in vivo limits its application. Here, we tried to establish a potential therapeutic strategy for MNDs by in vivo directional differentiation of hiPSCs engineered with motor neuron (MN) specific transcription factors and Tet‐On system.

Materials and Methods

We engineered hiPSCs with three MN‐specific transcription factors and Tet‐On system. The engineered cells were directly transplanted into immunodeficient mice through subcutaneous, intra‐spinal cord and intracerebroventricular injections. Following doxycycline (Dox) induction, teratoma formation, and motor MN differentiation were evaluated.

Results

We generated genetically engineered hiPSCs, in which the expression of Ngn2, Isl1, and Lhx3 was controlled by a drug‐inducible transgenic system. These cells showed normal pluripotency and proliferative capacity, and were able to directionally differentiate into mature motor neurons (MNs) and NPCs with high efficiency in spinal cords and cerebral lateral ventricles under the induction of Dox. The grafts showed long‐term survival in the recipient mice without formation of teratoma.

Conclusions

The induced mature MNs and NPCs were expected to replace the damaged endogenous MNs directly, and play a role of de novo stem cell stock for long‐term neuron damage repair, respectively. Therefore, in vivo directional differentiation of the hiPSCs engineered with MN‐specific transcription factors and Tet‐On system via Dox induction could be a potential therapeutic strategy for MNDs with high efficacy and safety.
Linear IgA bullous dermatosis in the setting of angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Andriano Tyler M. , Tannenbaum Rachel , Xu Haoming , Magro Cynthia M.
Published: August 2022

We report an 80‐year‐old male developing linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LAD) in the setting of angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL). This phenomenon is rare, as only three cases have been described in the literature. The pathophysiologic process can be attributed to dysregulation in somatic hypermutation and the expression of chemokine receptor 5 in AITL, contributing to increased IgA. Immunoglobulin production resulting from clonal plasma cell expansion may be because of the B‐cell promotional effect by neoplastic follicular helper T‐cells. Beyond providing a pathophysiologic platform for AITL‐associated LAD, we also briefly summarized prior cases. This report demonstrates the importance of considering LAD in the differential diagnosis for patients with a bullous eruption in the setting of AITL.
Multiple β‐diversity patterns and the underlying mechanisms across amphibian communities along a subtropical elevational gradient
Authors: Wang Xiaoyi , Zhong Maojun , Yang Shengnan , Jiang Jianping , Hu Junhua
Published: August 2022

Aim

Mountain systems offer excellent opportunities to understand β‐diversity patterns and the processes driving them. However, β‐diversity patterns and the underlying mechanisms that lead to dissimilarity in mountain amphibian communities across elevational gradients remain elusive. We aimed to evaluate how amphibian communities respond to environmental gradients with elevation and to explore how different ecological mechanisms drive elevational β‐diversity.

Location

A 2600‐m elevational gradient along Mount Emei in southwestern China.

Methods

We investigated elevational patterns and assembly processes of pairwise β‐diversity across three dimensions (taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional) in turnover (i.e., species replacement) and nestedness‐resultant (i.e., species lose/gain) for amphibians. We compared multifaceted β‐diversity components and assessed the extent to which β‐diversity responded to environmental and elevational distances. We also quantified the standardized effect size of β‐diversity and its components using null models to examine the dynamics of niche‐based and neutral processes.

Results

The turnover component dominated taxonomic β‐diversity, whereas nestedness was relatively more important for phylogenetic and functional dissimilarity. Moreover, taxonomic total dissimilarity and turnover were higher than their phylogenetic and functional analogues. Our results indicated a significant distance‐decay effect for multifaceted β‐diversity of amphibians on Mount Emei and found that effects and directions of predictors on multifaceted β‐diversity were different, with temperature seasonality, annual precipitation, and elevational distance acting as the most important factors. Comparing observed patterns with null‐model expectations, environmental filtering, and competitive exclusion may jointly drive elevational patterns of β‐diversity.

Main conclusions

Our study emphasizes the importance of partitioning taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional components of β‐diversity and community assembly when determining β‐diversity drivers. Although it is difficult to distinguish random communities from outcomes of niche‐based processes, this work highlights the potential roles of environmental filtering and competitive exclusion in controlling elevational communities and provides insights into amphibian community assembly in a biodiversity hotspot.
A performance efficient joint clustering and routing approach for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks
Authors: Joshi Pallavi , Kumar Sarvesh , Raghuvanshi Ajay Singh
Published: August 2022

Wireless sensor networks have proven to be a promising paradigm due to their wide applicability in the real‐world scenarios. Because of the resource constraint, type‐variant and battery‐powered features of the sensor nodes, the key challenge is how to improve the energy usage and network life in the heterogeneous sensor networks. In this paper, the Mahalanobis distance based K‐Means algorithm is integrated with a novel evolutionary approach for clustering called calf search optimization algorithm (K‐CSOA) that creates energy efficient clusters. The routing in the network is performed using a power efficient ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO). The extensive and multiple simulations are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. It is observed that the running time of the proposed scheme is lowered due to the implementation of hybrid clustering. The results are validated for various performance metrics wherein the proposed method shows 41.6% and 4.3%–12% reduction in energy expenditure and end‐to‐end delay respectively and around 60% enhancement in the throughput of the network when compared with other similar state‐of‐the‐art methods. In addition to this, statistical analysis is also carried out to identify the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Microstructural, electrical, and mechanical properties of conductive SiC ceramics fabricated by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Li Huaxin , Shen Weijian , Yang Fuquan , Lu Chuanyang , Zheng Wenjian , Ma Yinghe , Ren Sendong , He Yanming , Yang Jianguo
Published: August 2022

Nitrogen (N)‐doped conductive silicon carbide (SiC) of various electrical resistivity grades can satisfy diverse requirements in engineering applications. To understand the mechanisms that determine the electrical resistivity of N‐doped conductive SiC ceramics during the fast spark plasma sintering (SPS) process, SiC ceramics were synthesized using SPS in an N2 atmosphere with SiC powder and traditional Al2O3–Y2O3 additive as raw materials at a sintering temperature of 1850–2000°C for 1–10 min. The electrical resistivity was successfully varied over a wide range of 10−3–101 Ω cm by modifying the sintering conditions. The SPS‐SiC ceramics consisted of mainly Y–Al–Si–O–C–N glass phase and N‐doped SiC. The Y–Al–Si–O–C–N glass phase decomposed to an Si‐rich phase and N‐doped YxSiyCz at 2000°C. The Vickers hardness, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness of the SPS‐SiC ceramics varied within the ranges of 14.35–25.12 GPa, 310.97–400.12 GPa, and 2.46–5.39 MPa m1/2, respectively. The electrical resistivity of the obtained SPS‐SiC ceramics was primarily determined by their carrier mobility.
From altruism to sociality: A switch in perception
Authors: Dean Hartley
Published: August 2022

The article critically reviews concepts and uses of the term altruism in relation to the emergence of the capitalist welfare state. It argues that altruism may be regarded as a fetishized representation of ‘sociality’ and that notions of altruism tend to obscure or distort understandings of the essential social interdependence that characterises humanity as a species. The article reaches back to anthropological evidence, to religious and philosophical influences, and to insights from scientific inquiry and it makes a case for a humanistic switch in perspective within the study of social policy.
The return of race science and why it matters for family science
Authors: Chatters Linda M. , Taylor Robert Joseph , Schulz Amy J.
Published: August 2022

Race science attributes differences in human populations to biology and genetics that reflect a hierarchy of human races with whiteness at its pinnacle. This article examining the history of race science and current family scholarship and practice contends that race science matters for family science. We discuss (1) white supremacy, the development of race science, and the eugenics movement in the U.S.; (2) racism, racialized experiences, and oppression of Black families in the U.S.; (3) the construction of whiteness in family science and re‐envisioning theories to make racism's impact visible; (4) racial reckonings for professional organizations; and (5) why race science matters for family science and a call to action. Clarity about the meaning of race can ensure that family science addresses white supremacy and racism embedded in scholarship, training, and practice, and promotes work that supports the well‐being of families that are most vulnerable and marginalized.
Trajectories in physical performance and fall prediction in older adults: A longitudinal population‐based study
Authors: Kerber Kevin A. , Bi Ran , Skolarus Lesli E. , Burke James F.
Published: August 2022

Background

A physical performance evaluation can inform fall risk in older people, however, the predictiveness of a one‐time assessment is limited. The trajectory of physical performance over time has not been well characterized and might improve fall prediction. We aimed to characterize trajectories in physical performance and determine if fall prediction improves using trajectories of performance.

Methods

This was a cohort design using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. Physical performance was measured by the short physical performance battery (SPPB) with scores ranging from 0 (worst) to 12 (best). The trajectory of SPPB was categorized using latent class modeling and slope‐based multilevel linear regression. We used Cox proportional hazards models with an outcome of time to ≥2 falls from annual self‐report to assess predictiveness after adding SPPB trajectories to models of baseline SPPB and established non‐physical‐performance‐based variables.

Results

The sample was 5969 community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years. The median number of annual SPPB evaluations was 4 (IQR, 3–7). Mean baseline SPPB was 9.2 (SD, 3.0). The latent class model defined SPPB trajectories over a range of two to nineteen categories. The mean slope from the slope‐based model was −0.01 SPPB points/year (SD, 0.14). Discrimination of the baseline SPPB model to predict time to ≥2 falls was fair (Harrell's C, 0.65) and increased after adding the non‐performance‐based predictors (Harrell's C, 0.70). Discrimination slightly improved with the SPPB trajectory category variable that had the best fit (Harrell's C, 0.71) but did not improve with the SPPB linear slope. Calibration with and without the trajectory categories was similar.

Conclusions

We found that the trajectory of physical performance did not meaningfully improve upon fall prediction from a baseline physical performance assessment and established non‐performance‐based information. These results do not support longitudinal SPPB assessments for fall prediction.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces Alzheimer disease‐like phenotypes in the neuron derived from the induced pluripotent stem cell with D678H mutation on amyloid precursor protein
Authors: Devina Tania , Wong Yu‐Hui , Hsiao Chiao‐Wan , Li Yu‐Jui , Lien Cheng‐Chang , Cheng Irene Han‐Juo
Published: August 2022

Alzheimer disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is mainly caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The impact of environmental factors on the genetic mutation in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is not well characterized. We hypothesized that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress would promote disease for the patient carrying the APP D678H mutation. Therefore, we analyzed the impact of a familial AD mutation on amyloid precursor protein (APP D678H) under ER stress. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from APP D678H mutant carrier was differentiated into neurons, which were then analyzed for AD‐like changes. Immunocytochemistry and whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording revealed that the derived neurons on day 28 after differentiation showed neuronal markers and electrophysiological properties similar to those of mature neurons. However, the APP D678H mutant neurons did not have significant alterations in the levels of amyloid‐β (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (pTau) compared to its isogenic wild‐type neurons. Only under ER stress, the neurons with the APP D678H mutation had more Aβ and pTau via immune detection assays. The higher level of Aβ in the APP D678H mutant neurons was probably due to the increased level of β‐site APP cleaving enzyme (BACE1) and decreased level of Aβ‐degrading enzymes under ER stress. Increased Aβ and pTau under ER stress reduced the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in Western blot analysis and altered electrophysiological properties in the mutant neurons. Our study provides evidence that the interaction between genetic mutation and ER stress would induce AD‐like changes.

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Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15420
Land for dignity and struggle for identity: Landlordism and caste in a village of south India
Authors: Philip Jessy K.
Published: August 2022

The paper is concerned with the contemporary relevance of caste to agrarian capitalism and the relations of dependency and allegiance it fosters in a village of Andhra Pradesh. It deploys the method of village study to examine the two‐way interaction between agrarian class and caste relations and the emerging rural‐based informal nonfarm economy. It elaborates the continuation of relations of debt, dependency, and political allegiance fostered by landlordism despite significant diversification to nonfarm by landlords and labour and identifies the crucial role of land inequality and the working of ritual hierarchy in locking Dalit caste in land‐based relations of dependency. The paper highlights the importance of expanding the definition of landlordism as the use of social power for accumulation by embedding it in the motives and values generated by the Hindu social order. While the new wave of literature focuses attention on global capital and commodity chains to understand differentiation of rural population and ruralities, the paper emphasizes the persistent significance of landholding provincial capital in shaping class/caste relations and rural politics and argues for a course correction in thinking about the processes of globalization and new forms of labour control and stresses the continuing significance of the agrarian question.