bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral anticoagulation therapy initiation in patients with atrial fibrillation in relation to world region of origin: a register-based nationwide study
Authors: Frydenlund Juliane , Valentin Jan Brink , Norredam Marie , Frost Lars , Riahi Sam , Kragholm Kristian Hay , Bøggild Henrik , Lip Gregory Y H , Johnsen Søren Paaske
Published: March 2024

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia and results in a high risk of stroke. The number of immigrants is increasing globally, but little is known about potential differences in AF care across migrant populations.

Aim

To investigate if initiation of oral anticoagulation therapy (OAC) differs for patients with incident AF in relation to country of origin.

Methods

A nationwide register-based study covering 1999–2017. AF was defined as a first-time diagnosis of AF and a high risk of stroke. Stroke risk was defined according to guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Poisson regression adjusted for sex, age, socioeconomic position and comorbidity was made to compute incidence rate ratios (IRR) for initiation of OAC.

Results

The AF population included 254 586 individuals of Danish origin, 6673 of Western origin and 3757 of non-Western origin. Overall, OAC was initiated within −30/+90 days relative to the AF diagnosis in 50.3% of individuals of Danish origin initiated OAC, 49.6% of Western origin and 44.5% of non-Western origin. Immigrants from non-Western countries had significantly lower adjusted IRR of initiating OAC according to all ESC guidelines compared with patients of Danish origin. The adjusted IRRs ranged from 0.73 (95% CI: 0.66 to 0.80) following the launch of the 2010 ESC guideline to 0.89 (95% CI: 0.82 to 0.97) following the launch of the 2001 ESC guideline.

Conclusion

Patients with AF with a high risk of stroke of non-Western origin have persistently experienced a lower chance of initiating OAC compared with patients of Danish origin during the last decades.
Glucocorticoid prescribing in neurology
Authors: Jones Andrew P , Debono Miguel , Walsh Jennifer , Smith Cheryl , Hunt Leanne , McKevitt Fiona M
Published: March 2024

Glucocorticoids are commonly used for neurological disorders, but they can have significant adverse effects, including adrenal insufficiency, hyperglycaemia, osteoporosis and increased infection risk. Long-term use of corticosteroids requires the prescriber to plan risk mitigation, including monitoring and often coprescribing. This article highlights the potential risks of corticosteroid prescribing and draws together up-to-date guidance with multispecialty input to clarify ways of reducing those risks. We discuss home blood glucose monitoring and consider a steroid safety checklist to promote safer steroid prescribing.
Supersymmetric domain walls in maximal 6D gauged supergravity III
Authors: Nuchino Patharadanai , Karndumri Parinya
Published: March 2024

We continue our study of gaugings the maximal $$N=(2,2)$$

N
=
(
2
,
2
)

supergravity in six dimensions with gauge groups obtained from decomposing the embedding tensor under $${\mathbb {R}}^+\times SO(4,4)$$

R

+

×
S
O

(
4
,
4
)

subgroup of the global symmetry SO(5, 5). Supersymmetry requires the embedding tensor to transform in $${\textbf{144}}_c$$

144
c

representation of SO(5, 5). Under $${\mathbb {R}}^+\times SO(4,4)$$

R

+

×
S
O

(
4
,
4
)

subgroup, this leads to the embedding tensor in $$({\textbf{8}}^{\pm 3},$$

(

8

±
3

,

$${\textbf{8}}^{\pm 1},{\textbf{56}}^{\pm 1})$$

8

±
1

,

56

±
1

)

representations. Gaugings in $${\textbf{8}}^{\pm 3}$$

8

±
3

representations lead to a translational gauge group $${\mathbb {R}}^8$$

R

8

while gaugings in $${\textbf{8}}^{\pm 1}$$

8

±
1

representations give rise to gauge groups related to the scaling symmetry $${\mathbb {R}}^+.$$

R

+

.

On the other hand, the embedding tensor in $${\textbf{56}}^{\pm 1}$$

56

±
1

representations gives $$CSO(4-p,p,1)\sim SO(4-p,p) < imes {\mathbb {R}}^4\subset SO(4,4)$$

C
S
O

(
4
-
p
,
p
,
1
)

∼
S
O

(
4
-
p
,
p
)

⋉

R

4

⊂
S
O

(
4
,
4
)

gauge groups with $$p=0,1,2.$$

p
=
0
,
1
,
2
.

More interesting gauge groups can be obtained by turning on more than one representation of the embedding tensor subject to the quadratic constraints. In particular, we consider gaugings in both $${\textbf{56}}^{-1}$$

56

-
1

and $${\textbf{8}}^{+3}$$

8

+
3

representations giving rise to larger $$SO(5-p,p)$$

S
O
(
5
-
p
,
p
)

and $$SO(4-p,p+1)$$

S
O
(
4
-
p
,
p
+
1
)

gauge groups for $$p=0,1,2.$$

p
=
0
,
1
,
2
.

In this case, we also give a number of half-supersymmetric domain wall solutions preserving different residual symmetries. The solutions for gaugings obtained only from $${\textbf{56}}^{-1}$$

56

-
1

representation are also included in these results when the $${\textbf{8}}^{+3}$$

8

+
3

part is accordingly turned off.
Augmented Reality Book Design for Teaching and Learning Architectural Heritage: Educational Heritage in Hong Kong Central and Western District
Authors: Cheng Lee , Lau Leung Kwok Prudence , Pang Wing Yan Jasman
Published: March 2024

The teaching and learning of architectural heritage can play a vital role in engaging students in envisioning the past and nurturing their cultural identity. However, this endeavour often faces challenges stemming from limited access to heritage sites and varying levels of student interest in the subject matter. This project introduces an augmented reality (AR) book design that seamlessly integrates pop-up three-dimensional models with a dedicated mobile app, effectively illustrating the architectural designs of educational heritages in Hong Kong Central and Western District. An evaluative study was conducted to assess the usability of the AR book for architectural heritage education, which employed a mixed-methods design comprising questionnaire survey with heritage education undergraduate students (
N
= 80) and semi-structured interviews with a subset of the participants. The results revealed a favourable response to the use of AR technology for virtual representations of cultural heritage, alongside participants’ positive attitudes towards the virtual learning experience facilitated by the AR book. The findings of this study underscore the feasibility and potential benefits of integrating AR technology into architectural heritage education. This integration can offer digitally mediated learning experiences that actively engage young learners in the exploration and preservation of cultural heritage.
Mood Disorders and Sexual Function in Infertile Men: Exploring the Relationship with Semen Analysis Results
Authors: Nakhaee Moghadam Maryam , Ghaemi Marjan , Eskandari Delfan Sina , Afshari Maryam , Kaveh Mahin , Eshraghi Nasim , Shahraki Zahra
Published: March 2024

Objective. The presence of infertility in couples not only results in heightened stress but also elevates the risk of developing psychological disorders, further exacerbating their situation. This study is designed to evaluate the relationship between semen analysis and depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as sexual function in infertile men. Method. This descriptive cross‐sectional study was carried out at Amir Al‐Momenin Hospital of Zabol between March 2019 and April 2020. The couples who were candidates for intracytoplasmic sperm injection according to male factors were recruited for the study. One hundered two men were asked to complete the depression, anxiety, and stress questionnaire (DASS‐42) and the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire (IIEF‐15). The findings of the DASS and IIEF questionnaires were compared with the semen analysis test and reported. Results. The frequency of depression, anxiety, and moderate to very severe stress were found in 21 (20.6%), 40 (39.2%), and 23 (22.5%) cases, respectively. Surprisingly, 60 (59%) participants had erectile dysfunction. A significant correlation was found between mood disorders (depression, anxiety, and stress) and some components of the erectile function questionnaire, stress with erectile function (p = 0.045), depression with overall satisfaction (p = 0.011), and anxiety with intercourse satisfaction (p = 0.048) and overall satisfaction (p = 0.037). Also, there was a significant correlation between semen analysis parameters such as sperm motility with depression (p = 0.035) and anxiety (p = 0.037), normal sperm morphology with stress (p = 0.034), progressive sperm motility with orgasmic function (p = 0.006), and intercourse satisfaction (p = 0.014). Conclusion. The higher the mental health, the higher the erectile function. Improvement of mood disorders leads to improvement of semen parameters and increases the chances of pregnancy. Psychological support may be helpful so, in addition to medical treatment, these people should also receive supportive psychological treatment.
Effects of Geometric Sound on Brainwave Activity Patterns, Autonomic Nervous System Markers, Emotional Response, and Faraday Wave Pattern Morphology
Authors: Geffen Rona , Braun Christoph
Published: March 2024

This study introduces Geometric Sound as a subfield of spatial sound featuring audio stimuli which are sonic holograms of mathematically defined 3D shapes. The effects of Geometric Sound on human physiology were investigated through EEG, heart rate, blood pressure, and a combination of questionnaires monitoring 50 healthy participants in two separate experiments. The impact of Geometric Sound on Faraday wave pattern morphology was further studied. The shapes examined, pyramid, cube, and sphere, exhibited varying significant effects on autonomic nervous system markers, brainwave power amplitude, topology, and connectivity patterns, in comparison to both the control (traditional stereo), and recorded baseline where no sound was presented. Brain activity in the Alpha band exhibited the most significant results, additional noteworthy results were observed across analysis paradigms in all frequency bands. Geometric Sound was found to significantly reduce heart rate and blood pressure and enhance relaxation and general well-being. Changes in EEG, heart rate, and blood pressure were primarily shape-dependent, and to a lesser extent sex-dependent. Pyramid Geometric Sound yielded the most significant results in most analysis paradigms. Faraday Waves patterns morphology analysis indicated that identical frequencies result in patterns that correlate with the excitation Geometric Sound shape. We suggest that Geometric Sound shows promise as a noninvasive therapeutic approach for physical and psychological conditions, stress-related disorders, depression, anxiety, and neurotrauma. Further research is warranted to elucidate underlying mechanisms and expand its applications.
Using the DNA Integrity Number to Analyze DNA Quality in Specimens Collected from Liquid-Based Cytology after Fine-Needle Aspiration of Breast Tumors and Lesions
Authors: Hoshino Akiyoshi , Oana Yoshiyasu , Ohi Yasuyo , Maeda Yukari , Omori Masako , Takada Yuki , Ikeda Tadashi , Sotome Keiichi , Maeda Hinako , Yanagisawa Takako , Takeuchi Osamu , Kuronuma Satoshi , Sangai Takafumi , Shibahara Yukiko , Murakumo Yoshiki , Saegusa Makoto , Kanomata Naoki , Nagasawa Satoi , Yamaguchi Rin , Yoshida Masayuki , Kozuka Yuji , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Tsugawa Koichiro , Maeda Ichiro ,   Accuracy of Breast Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Cancer genome analysis using next-generation sequencing requires adequate and high-quality DNA samples. Genomic analyses were conventionally performed using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections rather than cytology samples such as cell block or smear specimens. Specimens collected from liquid-based cytology (LBC) have the potential to be sources of high-quality DNA suitable for genetic analysis even after long-term storage. Methods: We collected breast tumor/lesion fractions from 92 residual LBC specimens using fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, including breast carcinoma (1 invasive carcinoma and 4 ductal carcinomas in situ), papillomatous lesion (5 intraductal papillomas), and fibroepithelial lesion (19 phyllodes tumors and 53 fibroadenomas) samples, and others (1 ductal adenoma, 1 hamartoma, 1 fibrocystic disease, and 7 unknown). DNA was extracted from all samples and subjected to DNA integrity number (DIN) score analysis. Results: Average DIN score collected from 92 LBC specimens was significantly higher score. In addition, high-quality DNA with high DIN values (7.39 ± 0.80) was successfully extracted more than 12 months after storage of residual LBC specimens. Conclusion: Residual LBC specimens collected from FNA of the breast were verified to carry high-quality DNA and could serve as an alternate source for genetic analysis.
Características de mulheres com uma ou mais cesáreas anteriores no nascer no Brasil
Authors: Alvarenga Marina Barreto , Gama Silvana Granado Nogueira da , Nakamura-Pereira Marcos
Published: March 2024

OBJETIVO: Analisar descritivamente as parturientes brasileiras com cesariana anterior e apontar os fatores associados ao parto vaginal após cesárea (Vaginal Birht After Cesarean– VBAC) no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados de mulheres com uma, duas ou três e mais cesáreas da pesquisa Nascer no Brasil. As diferenças entre categorias foram avaliadas pelo teste de quiquadrado (χ2). As variáveis que apresentaram diferença significativa (< 0,05) foram incluídas em regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Do total de 23.894 mulheres, 20,9% tinham cesárea anterior. A maior parte (85,1%) foi submetida a outra cesárea, 75,5% antes do início do trabalho de parto. A porcentagem de VBAC foi de 14,9%, uma taxa de sucesso de 60,8%. Mulheres com três cesáreas ou mais apresentaram maior vulnerabilidade social. As chances de VBAC foram maiores entre aquelas decididas pelo parto vaginal no fim da gestação, com parto vaginal anterior, indução de parto, admitidas com mais de 4 centímetros de dilatação e sem companheiro. Assistência no sistema privado, ter duas cesáreas ou mais, complicações obstétricas e decisão por cesariana no final da gestação diminuíram as chances de VBAC. Faixa etária, escolaridade, adequação do pré-natal e razão da cesárea anterior não apresentaram diferença significativa. CONCLUSÃO: A maior parte das mulheres com cesárea anterior no Brasil é encaminhada para uma nova cirurgia, e o maior número de cesáreas está associado à maior iniquidade social. Os fatores associados ao VBAC foram decisão pelo parto vaginal no fim da gestação, parto vaginal anterior, maior dilatação cervical na internação, indução, atendimento no sistema público de saúde, ausência de complicações obstétricas e ausência de companheiro. São necessárias ações de estímulo ao VBAC, visando reduzir taxas globais de cesarianas e suas consequências para a saúde materno-infantil.
Suplementação de ácido fólico na gestação e sintomas depressivos pós-parto
Authors: Lutz Bárbara Heather , Santos Iná da Silva dos , Domingues Marlos Rodrigues , Murray Joseph , Silveira Mariângela Freitas da , Miranda Vanessa Irribarem Avena , Silveira Marysabel Pinto Telis , Mengue Sotero Serrate , Pizzol Tatiane da Silva dal , Bertoldi Andréa Dâmaso
Published: March 2024

OBJETIVO: Verificar se a suplementação de ácido fólico durante a gestação está associada com a ocorrência de sintomas depressivos maternos aos três meses pós-parto, na Coorte de Nascimentos de Pelotas de 2015. MÉTODOS: Este estudo incluiu 4.046 mulheres, que foram classificadas em três grupos: sem suplementação de ácido fólico na gestação; uso durante apenas um trimestre da gestação; e uso durante dois ou três trimestres. Os sintomas depressivos foram avaliados aos três meses pós-parto, através da Escala de Depressão Pós-Natal de Edimburgo (EPDS), nos pontos de corte ≥ 10 (sintomas leves) e ≥ 13 (intensidade moderada a grave). RESULTADOS: A prevalência geral de sintomas leves foi de 20,2% (IC95% 19,0–21,5), e moderados e graves de 11% (IC95% 10,0–12,0). Entre as mulheres que não fizeram uso de ácido fólico, a prevalência de EPDS ≥ 10 foi de 26,8% (IC95% 24,0–29,5) e 18,1% tanto entre as que utilizaram durante um trimestre da gestação (IC95% 16,1–20,1), quanto entre as que utilizaram por dois ou três trimestres (IC95% 16,0–20,2). Já a prevalência de EPDS ≥ 13 foi 15,7% (IC95% 13,5–17,9) entre as que não utilizaram ácido fólico, 9,1% (IC95% 7,5–10,6) entre as que utilizaram durante um trimestre e 9,4% (IC95% 7,8–11,0) entre as que utilizaram por dois ou três trimestres. Nas análises ajustadas, não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre o uso de ácido fólico na gestação e a ocorrência de sintomas depressivos aos três meses pós-parto. CONCLUSÃO: Não se observou associação entre a suplementação de ácido fólico na gestação e depressão pós-parto aos três meses.
Sífilis congênita: desempenho de serviços da atenção primária paulista, 2017
Authors: Couto Caroline Eliane , Castanheira Elen Rose Lodeiro , Sanine Patrícia Rodrigues , Mendonça Carolina Siqueira , Nunes Luceime Olívia , Zarili Thais Fernanda Tortorelli , Dias Adriano
Published: March 2024

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as ações de prevenção da sífilis congênita em serviços de atenção primária à saúde no estado de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa avaliativa transversal que utilizou indicadores extraídos da aplicação do inquérito de Avaliação e Monitoramento de Serviços de Atenção Básica (QualiAB) no estado de São Paulo em 2017. Foi construída uma matriz avaliativa composta de 31 indicadores de prevenção da sífilis congênita, categorizados em quatro domínios de análise: diagnóstico e tratamento da sífilis adquirida (10); infraestrutura e recursos básicos (7); prevenção da sífilis congênita no pré-natal (7); e ações educativas e prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (7). Calculou-se a frequência dos serviços com respostas positivas para cada indicador e o percentual de desempenho dos serviços a partir da proporção de indicadores referida por serviço e da média geral observada. Posteriormente, os serviços foram classificados em quatro grupos de qualidade e foram estimadas associações entre os grupos e cada indicador, tipo de arranjo organizacional e localização. RESULTADOS: Participaram 2.565 serviços, localizados em 503 municípios, com média geral de desempenho de 74,9%. O domínio “diagnóstico e tratamento da sífilis adquirida” obteve maior desempenho (89,8%), seguido de “infraestrutura e recursos básicos” (79,5%), “prevenção da sífilis congênita no pré-natal” (73,3%) e “ações educativas e prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis” (56,8%). Observou-se uma diferença significativa entre os grupos de qualidade e todos os indicadores e tipos de arranjos organizacionais. CONCLUSÕES: Os serviços avaliados possuem limitações no desenvolvimento das ações de prevenção da sífilis congênita, principalmente relacionadas à educação em saúde e às ações inseridas no acompanhamento pré-natal, como rastreio e tratamento adequado da gestante e sua parceria. São necessárias mudanças no processo de trabalho, com a ampliação de ações educativas e de vigilância, assim como a qualificação das equipes para o cumprimento dos protocolos de maneira efetiva.
Imunização do HPV no Brasil e propostas para aumento da adesão à campanha de vacinação
Authors: Santos Wagner Mesojedovas , Santos Debora Mesojedovas , Fernandes Márcia Santana
Published: March 2024

OBJETIVOS: Identificar as possíveis causas da baixa adesão à campanha de vacinação no Brasil, identificar e analisar as campanhas relacionadas ao papilomavírus humano (HPV) no Brasil e em outras regiões do mundo, e aplicar ferramentas de qualidade para elaboração de propostas para aumento da cobertura vacinal (CV) para prevenção do HPV no país. MÉTODO: Pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e dedutiva-hipotética. A técnica utilizada para o desenvolvimento do método é a revisão narrativa da literatura, em particular estudando as narrativas e formatos aplicados nas campanhas de vacinação no Brasil. RESULTADOS: Identificou-se que, em 2019, a CV no Brasil foi de 49,6%, diferentemente de países como Austrália (80,2% em 2017), México (97,5% em 2019) e Peru (91% em 2019). Evidências do uso de estratégias de marketing social para engajamento comunitário foram encontradas nas campanhas de vacinação utilizadas como boas práticas nesses países. CONCLUSÃO: Com as informações encontradas foram aplicadas três ferramentas de qualidade (diagrama de Ishikawa, gráfico de Pareto e 5W2H) que classificaram e quantificaram as causas da baixa CV no Brasil e, com isso, viabilizaram propostas que podem direcionar o MS à tomada de estratégias mais eficazes para atingimento da meta de CV do HPV recomendada pela OMS.
Machine Learning–Enabled Automated Large Vessel Occlusion Detection Improves Transfer Times at Primary Stroke Centers
Authors: Le Ngoc Mai , Iyyangar Ananya S. , Kim Youngran , Chaudhry Mohammad Rauf , Salazar‐Marioni Sergio , Abdelkhaleq Rania , Niktabe Arash , Ballekere Anjan N. , Azeem Hussain , Shaw Sandi , Smith Peri , Cowan Mallory , Gonzales Isabel , McCullough Louise D. , Giancardo Luca , Sheth Sunil A.
Published: March 2024

Background

Accelerating door‐in‐door‐out (DIDO) times at primary stroke centers (PSCs) for patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) acute ischemic stroke transferred for possible endovascular stroke therapy (EVT) is important to optimize outcomes. Here, we assess whether automated LVO detection coupled with secure communication at non‐EVT performing PSCs improves DIDO time and increases the proportion of patients receiving EVT after transfer.

Methods

From our prospectively collected multicenter registry, we identified patients with LVO acute ischemic stroke that presented to one of 7 PSCs in the Greater Houston area from January 1, 2021, to February 27, 2022. Noncontrast computed tomography and computed tomographic angiography were performed in all patients at the time of presentation, per standard of care. A machine learning (artificial intelligence [AI]) algorithm trained to detect LVO (Viz.AI) from computed tomographic angiography was implemented at all 7 hospitals. The primary outcome of the study was DIDO at the PSCs and was determined using multivariable linear regression adjusted for sex and on/off hours. Secondary outcomes included likelihood of receiving EVT post‐transfer.

Results

Among 115 patients who met inclusion criteria, 80 were evaluated pre‐AI and 35 post‐AI. The most common occlusion locations were middle cerebral artery (51.3%) and internal carotid artery (25.2%). There were no substantial differences in demographics or presentation characteristics between the 2 groups. Median time from onset to PSC arrival was 117 minutes (interquartile range, 54–521 minutes). In univariable analysis, patients evaluated at the PSCs after AI implementation had a shorter DIDO time (median difference, 77 minutes;
P
<0.001). In multivariable linear regression, patients evaluated with automated LVO detection AI software were associated with a 106‐minute (95% CI, −165 to −48 minutes) reduction in DIDO time but no difference in likelihood of EVT post‐transfer (odd ratio, 2.13 [95% CI, 0.88–5.13).

Conclusion

Implementation of a machine learning method for automated LVO detection coupled with secure communication resulted in a substantial decrease in DIDO time at non‐EVT performing PSCs.
A Triangle of Art
Authors: Cantú Keith Edward
Published: March 2024

This article offers an historical reexamination of the triangular relationship between the occultist and poet Aleister Crowley (1875–1947), the scholar and art historian Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy (Āṉanta Kumāracuvāmi, 1877–1947), and the artist and singer Ratan Devī Coomaraswamy (or “Ratan Devi,” alias Alice Ethel Richardson, 1889–1958). The article first covers each angle of their relationships, with special attention to their approach towards religious art and especially Śaiva (an)iconography where relevant. It then treats a heated, racially charged exchange that the disintegration of this love triangle evoked, and considers how a Thelema-specific idea of “phallic worship” can be found at the neglected margins of Indological art history. The main argument of the article is to show that understanding intimate relationships both within and outside of conventional gender binaries or orientations in twentieth-century worlds of art history can help reveal tension points that endure even in fields not immediately related to a given movement, in this case the Thelemic current. The article accordingly seeks to provide new information about this specific triangular relationship and its relevance to scholars working on various branches of esotericism and its intersection with yoga, Tantra, and South Asia more broadly.
Magic in Art, Poetry, and Biography
Authors: Hedenborg White Manon
Published: March 2024

The article analyzes four works of poetry and illustration produced by the artist, poet, and occultist Marjorie Cameron (1922–1995) in the 1950s and 1960s. Widow of rocket scientist and occultist John “Jack” Whiteside Parsons (1914–1952), an early follower of Aleister Crowley’s (1875–1947) religion Thelema, Cameron was also a friend and collaborator of Beat artist Wallace Berman (1926–1976) and avant-garde filmmaker Kenneth Anger (1927–2023). In the 1950s and 1960s, Cameron delved deeply into Crowley’s magical writings alongside those of comparative mythologist Joseph Campbell (1904–1987). The article especially highlights how Cameron creatively adapted and re-worked the ideas of both thinkers in her artistic interpretations of her Holy Guardian Angel. A core argument of the article is that art, poetry, and esotericism were intertwined pursuits for Cameron, and that extra-textual sources (e.g., letters and biographical details) contemporary with the analyzed creative works are helpful in untangling their meaning.
Blue pill or red pill? Green, thanks. Behavioural test on coloured light preference in the Calabrian Alpine newt to increase the capture rate
Authors: Cittadino Viviana , Iannella Mattia , Romano Antonio , Bernabò Ilaria
Published: March 2024

To improve monitoring techniques, we investigated the colour vision of the Calabrian Alpine newt (Ichthyosaura alpestris inexpectata). We conducted controlled behavioural experiments on male and female newts to explore their response to artificial coloured light sources in the dark. We used green, blue, and orange glow sticks. Observations indicated that both sexes strongly preferred green glow sticks, which were selected in almost 50% of the trials Additionally, newts exhibited markedly swifter reactions to green light. The attraction to green glow sticks may be due to the biofluorescence within the green wavelength spectrum in this newt. This glowing ability, which resembles the green glow stick’s glow, could be beneficial in low-light conditions to locate other newts. Our results show that the behavioural preferences towards a particular light source can significantly enhance the success of capturing newts during population monitoring and conservation efforts for this rare and threatened taxon.
Diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the main growing areas of Ethiopia
Authors: Kefelegn Habtamu , Meressa Beira Hailu , Wesemael Wim M.L. , Teklu Misghina G. , Yon Sunheng , Couvreur Marjolein , Aseffa Abebe Woldesenbet , Bert Wim
Published: March 2024

Chickpea is one of the most important legume crops in Ethiopia; however, its production is far below the mean international chickpea production due to biotic and abiotic stressors. Plant-parasitic nematode infestation is extensive in chickpea-growing areas worldwide. The distribution and population density of plant-parasitic nematodes in chickpea were determined during the September-December 2021 growing season. Ten plant-parasitic nematode taxa were identified from 27 localities across ten districts in the main chickpea-growing areas in Ethiopia. Pratylenchus had the highest prominence values, followed by Rotylenchulus and Meloidogyne spp. Helicotylenchus, Hoplolaimus, Scutellonema and Quinisulcius were more prevalent than Criconemoides and Ditylenchus. Sequences of different molecular markers, including D2-D3 of 28S rDNA, ITS of rDNA, and COI and Nad5 of mtDNA, revealed the presence of Meloidogyne javanica, Rotylenchulus parvus, Scutellonema clathricaudatum and Helicotylenchus caudatus. Helicotylenchus caudatus and R. parvus are the first reports from Ethiopia and chickpea, while S. clathricaudatum is the first report for chickpea. This study provides essential baseline information of nematode pest occurrence on chickpea in Ethiopia. This information will raise awareness among growers, agricultural officers, and extension advisors, enabling them to develop effective nematode management strategies for the chickpea production system in Ethiopia.
A Dilemma for Buffered Alternatives
Authors: Paskell Matthew
Published: March 2024

Frankfurt-style cases challenge the intuitively plausible “Principle of Alternative Possibilities” (pap), which claims that moral responsibility requires the ability to do otherwise. Most such cases have familiar responses by defenders of the pap, most notably the “dilemma defense” levied against traditional Frankfurt-style cases. However, one particular style – buffered alternatives cases – are even more challenging. The ingenuity of these cases lies in the introduction of a necessary-but-not-sufficient condition for doing otherwise, which acts as a buffer between the agent and potential alternatives. I develop a new dilemma for buffered alternatives Frankfurt-style cases which shows that they too fail to constitute counterexamples to the pap. I argue that the buffer, though it may remove certain alternative possibilities, shifts the locus of responsibility to earlier provisional or character-forming decisions. These prior, responsibility-conferring decisions cannot be said to have been made without the ability to do otherwise.
Hindutva Politics and the Making of Extreme Precarity
Authors: Verma Monika
Published: March 2024

This article investigates the intersection of Hindutva politics and Bharatiya Janata Party policies concerning Rohingyas in India. Analyzing the government’s approach through official statements, legislative measures, and implementation strategies, it aims to uncover the factors shaping BJP policies toward Rohingyas. Additionally, it explores the Rohingya community’s perspectives on government attitudes, political dynamics, and implemented policies, providing a nuanced understanding of the policies’ impact. By shedding light on the intricate interplay between political ideology and refugee governance, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of migration, identity politics, and governance challenges in contemporary India. Scrutinizing the interweaving threads of political philosophy and refugee management, the research not only documents the current situation but also offers insights into broader implications for India’s political landscape and the lived experiences of the Rohingya community. This exploration is a crucial step toward understanding the evolving socio-political landscape in India concerning the Rohingya refugee crisis.
The Role of Panax Notoginseng Saponins on Neuronal Oxidative Stress and Autophagy Response in Craniocerebral Injury Model Rats
Authors: Long Liangchun , Wang Li
Published: March 2024

This study assessed how IL-6 affects the body’s autophagy status by regulating JAK-STAT3 and explored the mechanism by which IL-6 inhibits JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway-mediated autophagy, and how Panax notoginseng total saponins promote neuronal cell regeneration in rats. A model
of neuronal oxidative stress in craniocerebral injury model rats was established, and IL-6 levels were detected by ELISA. Rat neuronal cells were isolated and cultured, while dual-luciferase gene reporter experiments analyzed the targeting relationship between IL-6 and JAK. qRT-PCR detected
expression of neuronal autophagy-related genes (JAK, STAT3, ULK1, OsATG7, FAM176A, and Beclin 1). The level of IL-6 in the craniocerebral injury model was significantly higher than that in the control group. IL-6 binds to 3′-UTR of JAK, and transfection with IL-6 inhibitor increases
the relative luciferase activity. pMIR-JAK-mut group has no significant effect. There is a targeted regulatory relationship between IL-6 and JAK. Adding total saponins of Panax notoginseng combined with nursing intervention can promote reduction genetic expression related to neuronal autophagy
damage. IL-6 can target and regulate JAK gene. IL-6 can promote neuronal development by regulating JAK-STAT3. Autophagy repairs damage and inhibits the autophagy state of cells. Panax notoginseng total saponins are effective medicinal components extracted from high quality panax notoginseng
according to extraction and separation technology. The results from this study provide a better understanding of pathogenesis of neuronal oxidative stress in craniocerebral injury model rats and find potential intervention targets, which will provide more treatment methods for neuronal oxidative
stress damage in craniocerebral injury model rats.
Effects of Ginsenosides on Periodontal and Orthodontic Gingivitis
Authors: Liu Hui , Dai Siyuan , Chang Cheng , Xie Baoqiang , Wang Shanghua
Published: March 2024

After orthodontic treatment, gingivitis can cause swelling, pain, bleeding, and other symptoms, which significantly compromise gum health and reduce the quality of life. Clinically, dental plaque removal is considered an effective treatment strategy for gingivitis. However, controlling
plaque formation for an extended period through mechanical removal is challenging. Current treatment options include Western medicine treatment and drug nursing, but solely relying on Western medicine antibiotics does not effectively prevent gum inflammation and damage in the long run. Additionally,
the withdrawal of medication results in a high recurrence rate of up to 30%, which negatively impacts prognosis. In traditional Chinese medicine theory, gingivitis belongs to the category of “dental declaration”. The main syndrome identified is incandescence of stomach fire, characterized
by manifestations such as burning gingiva, bleeding, swelling, and pain caused by weakened fire and inflammation. The pathogenesis is closely related to the fluctuations in kidney qi and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment focuses on clearing stomach and purging
fire. Glycyrrhiza Xiexin Decoction contains ginseng, Radix glycyrrhiza, coptis and other traditional Chinese medicines. These drugs contain active ingredients, such as ginsenosides, which have been proven antibacterial effects and the ability to regulate neutrophils and lymphocytes, participate
in anti-inflammatory and immune responses, and enhance overall immunity. Clinical trials have demonstrated that the application of glycyrrhiza Xiexin decoction in orthodontic gingivitis significantly enhances clinical efficacy, improves the periodontal status and inflammatory response of patients,
reduces the pain of patients, and lowers the recurrence rate. The active ingredients in glycyrrhiza Xiexin decoction, including ginsenosides, effectively reduce the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and
nitric oxide (NO), exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, this study suggests that the active ingredients in glycyrrhiza Xiexin decoction have a significant impact on periodontal health and inflammatory factors in patients with orthodontic gingivitis.
Effect of Curcumin-Mediated miR-449 on Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Chen Xiuying , Luo Siling , Zeng Yuanxian , Tu Fang , Zhang Dengfeng , Li Qiongzhong
Published: March 2024

This study assessed the mechanism for curcumin-mediated miR-449 regulating PACS-2 in diabetic nephropathy under nursing intervention. A diabetic nephropathy model was constructed, in which rats were fasted for 12 hours before experiments and injected with Streptozotocin (STZ) at a ratio
of 45–65 mg/kg (30–60 mg STZ). When the rats aged 8 weeks, they were given intraperitoneal injection of curcumin and tissue histological morphology was detected to ensure successful model construction. HE staining observed the morphological changes in renal tissue, while immunohistochemistry
detected the expression of PACS-2 and PACS-2 related proteins. Nursing intervention could reduce serum creatinine, fasting blood glucose, urea nitrogen and proteinuria levels. After nursing intervention, the levels of IL-6, hs-CRP and TNF-α in patients were significantly decreased
(p < 0.05), and miR-499 expression increased after nursing intervention. After curcumin treatment, the red staining of entire kidney cytoplasm in the control and experimental groups became lighter. Moreover, the expression of miR-449 in the kidney tissue was significantly increased
after curcumin treatment. Since PACS-2 plays an important role in kidney injury, curcumin largely normalized kidney injury as shown by serum BUN levels after curcumin treatment in the rat model. Turmeric, a traditional Chinese medicine, has a bitter taste and warm nature. It might facilitate
blood circulation and remove blood stasis, and relieving chest pain and heartache. Curcumin as the main active ingredient of turmeric, has been proven to inhibit the abnormal proliferation of diabetic nephropathy. Under the influence of effective nursing care, the patient’s physical
condition was improved, which was mainly reflected in the related inflammatory indicators. Studies have shown that fibronectin, which is an important indicator for PACS-2, plays a decisive role in fibrosis. Our testing found that, curcumin significantly reduced the expression of PACS-2 during
treatment. Nursing intervention can therefore effectively improve inflammatory response and renal function of diabetic nephropathy through curcumin-mediated miR-449 regulation of PACS-2.
Therapeutic Effects of Ginsenoside Rh2 in the Treatment of Sepsis
Authors: Xiao Fang , Peng Zhehui , Shen Fang , Dun Shanshan , Chen Li
Published: March 2024

Panax ginseng, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with a wide range of pharmacological activities, has been extensively investigated. However, its specific pharmacological mechanism in preventing and treating sepsis remains elusive. The study aims to investigate
preventive effects of ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) on RAW264.7 cells and therapeutic effects of Panax ginseng in sepsis patients. The active ingredients of Panax ginseng were obtained from the TCMSP database. RAW 264.7 cells were incubated with the active ingredient of Panax ginseng
at indicated concentrations for 1 hour and then stimulated with lipopolyssacharide (LPS). The therapeutic effects of Panax ginseng were validated in sepsis patients. We initially obtained 17 active ingredients of Panax ginseng including 20(S)-GRh2. No cytotoxicity conferred by
20(S)-GRh2 against RAW264.7 cells was found by cell viability assays. The treatment with 20(S)-GRh2 dramatically inhibited LPSinduced release of nitric oxide and production of pro-inflammatory factors in RAW264.7 cells. In sepsis patients, the administration of Sini Decoction supplemented
with Panax ginseng resulted in lower SOFA scores and lower concentrations of pro-inflammatory factors in the sera compared to the control group (P <0.05). Our study demonstrates the therapeutic effects of Panax ginseng in sepsis by its anti-inflammatory action and provides
clinical evidence that Panax ginseng supplemented into Sini Decoction as a treatment strategy to prevent sepsis progression.
Efficacy of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles UsingJuniperus phoeniceain Controlling Rice Weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) and Its Effect on the Microbial Contents and Nutritive Value of Grains
Authors: Hamdi Hamida , Rashwan Rania S. , Abu-zaid Abeer A. , Gado Emad , Zarah Rowa K. , Sami Rokayya , Almatrafi Manal , Al-Harthi Helal F. , Abushal Suzan A. , Al-Zahrani Maryam H. , Aljahdali Salma M. , Al-Meshal Areej Suliman , Bedaiwi Ruqaiah I. , Almehmadi Awatif M.
Published: March 2024

The rice weevil,Sitophilus oryzaeis a primary pest attack many kinds of crops. It causes a lot of loss and reduces the economic values of products. The study investigated to determine the insecticidal effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles usingJuniperus phoenicea(TiO2NPs) against the insect, and the nutritional and antimicrobial value of rice grains after treatment by TiO2NPs was estimated. Adult was the target of bioassay of the biocomponent. Four concentrations were prepared as 30, 50, 80 and 100%. Some biochemical components were evaluated as response indicators of insect. Obtained data demonstrated significant differences between the four concentrations, where the highest mortality was recorded after 120 h. On the adults (85%). Treatment with the titanium dioxide nanoparticles inhibited the activities of acetylcholine esterase and total soluble protein. While it increases the activity of catalase as antioxidant enzyme. Nutritional values increased with increasing the proportion of TiO2NPs, except for the decrease in protein. No colonization of coliform bacteria and fungi cell was recorded in 80% of TiO2NPs, aerobic bacteria were reduced to a lower number 12 CFU/g 103at 100%. Biosynthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles withJ. phoeniceaextract is promising bio-insecticide and antimicrobial in integrated pest management control, preserving the nutritional value of grains during storage.
Effects of Petasitin as Natural Extract on Proliferation and Pathological Changes of Pediatric Neuroblastoma SK-N-SH Cells
Authors: Chen Xuewen , Chen Xiaogang , Tang Yichen , Lai Yongxian , Yan Jianna , Jiang Long , Luo Hao , Wang Qingliang , Chen Yuchong
Published: March 2024

Scalp alopecia areata (SAA) is a common non-scarring hair loss condition, associated with factors such as autoimmune responses, genetics, emotional stress, and endocrine imbalances. Current treatments for SAA included minoxidil, topical steroid creams, biologics, and plant extracts.
Tea tree oil (TTO), a natural plant extract, is known for its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and acaricidal properties, and it also provides nourishment for hair. In this research, a natural extract of TTO, was prepared to analyze its antibacterial properties. The hair follicle stem cells
(HFSCs) of patients with primary SAA were analyzed to understand the influences of TTO on migration of HFSCs. TTO was extracted from fresh tea tree leaves using steam distillation. Quantitative analysis of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) qualitative analysis and its total ion
chromatogram using area normalization method were conducted. Meanwhile, its antibacterial activity was tested against five common pathogens (Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Staphylococcus albus (S. albus), Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Candida albicans (C. albicans)) by measuring the diameter of inhibition zones (DIZ), minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). HFSCs were isolated from patients with SAA and cultured in
vitro, with cell identification performed through cytokeratin 15 (K15) immunofluorescent staining. The HFSCs were then exposed to varying concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0, and 25.0 mmol/L) of TTO for culture, and cell proliferation activity (CPA) was assessed using the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide
(MTT) assay, while migration of HFSCs was evaluated using the Transwell chamber assay. Results demonstrated that the extracted TTO had a content of 0.69 g and an extraction rate of 2.32%. 36 components were identified, constituting 98.67% of the total, with 4-terpineol reaching a high concentration
of 48.35%. It exhibited a DIZ of less than 25 mm against all tested pathogens, with MIC values lower than 29 mg/mL and MBC values below 38 mg/mL. Patients with SAA displayed yellow and black dots, broken hair, malnourished and exclamation mark hairs, with few flag hairs observed in skin microscope
examination. Isolated and cultured HFSCs expressed K15 primarily in the cytoplasm and exhibited favorable growth dynamics. Treatment with various concentrations of TTO greatly increased CPA and migrated cell numbers in HFSCs, with the optimal effect observed at 5.0 mmol/L concentration of
TTO. In conclusion, the plant extract TTO possessed significant antibacterial activity and can promote proliferation and migration in vitro of HFSCs, suggesting its potential therapeutic application for SAA.
Application of Entomopathogenic nematodes Suppresses the Root Knot Nematodes, Agrotis ipsilon, Spodoptera litura in Tobacco
Authors: Jia Haijiang , Ou Qinghua , Wei Jianyu , Huang Congguan , Lin Jingwen , Li Xiaolong
Published: March 2024

Application of Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) is an efficient and novel alternative for management of plant-parasitic nematode and other insects to improve the productivity of tobacco and to protect the tobacco from the disturbing of underground and leaf chewing insects. In
the present work, laboratory and field trials were conducted to control root-knot nematode (M. javanica) by using EPNs and the symbiotic bacterial, and the effect of the application was evaluated in tobacco plant. Approximately after inoculation of sixty days, egg masses and galls on
tobacco root and agronomic characters of tobacco were calculated. Results showed that both EPNs and the symbiotic bacterium affected the reproduction of M. javanica population and the gall, egg masses and the root-knot nematodes in the tobacco root were significant reduced. EPNs also
showed suppressive effect on S. litura larvae, and Agrotis ipsilon larvae as well. It might be the first study about the use of EPNs in the control of M. javanica in tobacco plant.
The Allegory of the Favela: The Multifaceted Effects of Socioeconomic Mobility
Authors: Pongeluppe Leandro S.
Published: March 2024

What are the consequences of upward socioeconomic mobility for disenfranchised individuals? This article examines this question in the context of a business training program offered to residents of Brazilian urban slums, known as “favelas.” The study employs a randomized controlled trial complemented by quantile regressions, field visits, and interviews. The results show that training improves favela dwellers’ economic outcomes, such as by increasing income and participation in entrepreneurship, and some socio-psychological outcomes, such as by improving self-efficacy and optimism. However, these income improvements were accompanied by participants’ enhanced experiences of favela stigma, an adverse socio-psychological outcome related to their residential segregation. Both quantitative and qualitative findings demonstrate the multifaceted nature of socioeconomic mobility, through which favela dwellers who prosper economically become more exposed to prejudice from people living outside favelas. The study illustrates, through the “allegory of the favela,” the bittersweet process of socioeconomic mobility. This abductive research contributes to the literature by showing that while interventions designed to enfranchise individuals may effectively achieve economic inclusion in terms of income gains, they may simultaneously lead participants into discriminatory systems that further stigmatize people based on the same characteristics of their prior exclusion.
Developing a Critical Response to Ad Hominem Attacks Against Climate Science
Authors: Samoilenko Sergei A. , Cook John
Published: March 2024

Ad hominem attacks against climate scientists—including personal attacks questioning an individual’s character, competence, or motives—remain the most common type of contrarian strategy found in contemporary climate debates. Despite their pervasiveness, climate-related ad hominem argumentation remains understudied by scholars in both the humanities and social sciences. This study adapts Douglas Walton’s critical framework for identifying ad hominem attacks against the climate community and evaluating them for rhetorical errors by analyzing developing critical responses. This article offers guidance for future inoculation interventions, including media literacy campaigns that raise awareness and understanding of ad hominem attacks used by contrarian organizations in misinformation campaigns targeting climate science.