bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Bandwidth Management Model for Wireless Mobile Ad-hoc Network
Authors: Jagadev Nibedita , Pattanayak Binod Kumar , habboush Ahmadkhader , Elzaghmouri Bassam Mohammad , Shugran Mahmoud Ali Al
Published: February 2023

The quality of service (QoS) component in a mobile ad-hoc network has an active role in the current network scenario. In a dynamic mobile ad hoc network, ensuring optimum QoS with a scarce network resource is a significant challenge. To achieve QoS, it is essential to adopt some effective and efficient mechanisms. We have proposed an adaptive bandwidth manager model (ABMM) which uses a bandwidthsharing concept along with the flexible bandwidth reservation algorithm (FBRA) for an effective, quick and authentic data transfer. During real-time data transfer, to make communication effective, we make use of bandwidth-sharing network design problems and the concept of reserving bandwidth in high-performance networks. In our proposed model we are concentrating on the maximum utilization of resources, and using the scheduling concept to provide the minimum required bandwidth guarantee to QoS flows. Our goal is to reduce the delay in data transfer and enhance the throughput while properly utilizing the system resources. Our simulation result also shows that our model improves the network performance.
Dynamic Interference Suppression for TV White Space: the Case of Thailand
Authors: Thaopanya Prathana , Sanguankotchakorn Teerapat
Published: February 2023

In this work, we study the problem of co-existence between the LTE (Long Term Evolution) and the Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) channel. There are three scenarios: co-channel, upper and lower adjacent channels. We use the broadcasted signal from channel 3 called ThaiPBS, the actual case of Thailand for our study where the standard of digital terrestrial television broadcasting is DVB-T2 adopting 8 MHz bandwidth, while the 5 MHz bandwidth of LTE is considered as the interference. We propose a dynamic interference suppression method for increasing spectrum usage by optimizing TV white space utilization and minimizing interference. This method adopts the protection ratio concept to suppress the LTE interference on TV receiver. We implement our proposed algorithm as an adaptive interference controller using a Radio Frequency (RF) attenuator and a Raspberry Pi board for our testbed hardware. We illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm by doing experiment using our testbed and assessing the quality of the received TV signal by adopting the Quality of Experience (QoE) assessment. In our testbed hardware, a Log Periodic antenna is used for receiving the DTTB signal, while an RF digital transmitter is used for generating a 5MHz bandwidth of LTE signal, an ultra-high frequency (UHF) mixer is used to combine both signals, then a field strength meter is used to monitor video picture quality and to analyze the spectrum. According to the experiment, our proposed method can reduce the perceived video distortion by at least 62.5% for co-channel and 87.5% for adjacent channel, while the spectrum usage is increased by 100%.
Dukungan Sosial dengan Penerimaan Diri Remaja yang Melakukan Pernikahan Dini Pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Selanno Jurita Natalia , Kristianingsih Sri Aryanti
Published: February 2023

The problem regarding the number of premature marriages in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic is quite increasing with various factors behind it. Teenagers with cases of premature marriage during the COVID-19 pandemic must receive and get various social supports so the teenager can adjust and accept every circumstance. This study aims to determine the relationship between social support and the self-acceptance of adolescents who marry prematurely during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method in this study is a correlational quantitative method. The participants involved in this study were 61 teenagers who had premature marriages during the COVID-19 pandemic which were determined using a non-probability sampling technique, namely accidental sampling. The results of the study found that there was a significant positive relationship between social support and self-acceptance of adolescents who married prematurely during the COVID-19 pandemic with a correlation coefficient value of r = 0.418 and a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05).
Gambaran Perasaan Insecure di Kalangan Mahasiswa yang Mengalami Kecanduan Media Sosial Tiktok
Authors: Harnata Agresta Armando , Prasetya Berta Esti Ari
Published: February 2023

TikTok is one of the results of advances in the world of technology that can make it easier for someone to do anything online. It is not surprising that most people today use various social media to disseminate the information they get, both in groups and individually. The purpose of the study is to get an overview of the feelings of insecurity among Satya Wacana Christian University psychology students who are addicted to TikTok social media, as well as the factors that affect insecurity that cause feelings of insecurity among Satya Wacana Christian University psychology students who are addicted to TikTok social media. This type of research is qualitative research with a phenomenological research design. Data collection in this study used interviews and observations of 3 participants. This study uses technical triangulation and time triangulation as a test of the credibility of the data. From the results of this study, it was found that the insecurity of the Satya Wacana Christian University psychology faculty students felt anxious and nervous about their own appearance, as well as a feeling of lack of confidence in their abilities. There are factors that affect the insecurity of Satya Wacana Christian University psychology students, namely comparing their work too much and comparing their physical appearance to other people who are more famous.
How Modernism and Postmodernism Perspectives Can Inform Counseling Practices?
Authors: Sabri Farhana
Published: February 2023

Counseling practices are informed by traditional approaches – identifying the root of the client’s problems or causes and removing them, thus bringing relief to the client. In psychoanalysis, the causes may be located in the deep recesses of the mind (repression); for the Rogerian they may reside in the client’s discrepancy between ideal-self and real self; while the cognitive counselor will trace the root of the problem to defective thinking. Social constructionism challenges these approaches to counseling practices.
Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of the Mental Health Continuum Short-Form
Authors: Faradiba Andi Tenri , Paramita Anindya Dewi , Triwahyuni Airin , Purwono Urip
Published: February 2023

The Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) is a tool designed to evaluate an individual's overall mental health and well-being, encompassing emotional, psychological, and social dimensions. Adopted in several countries, including Portugal, South Korea, Italy, and France, the present study aims to adapt the MHC-SF for the Indonesian context and assess its psychometric properties. The adaptation followed the ITC Guidelines for Adapting Tests, an international standard for adapting and psychometrically testing measuring instruments. The content validity was evaluated through the involvement of three experts and four reviewers in assessing the results of the Indonesian translation. Data was collected from a sample of 256 students, who participated by filling out an online questionnaire. The results of the content validity indicated that the 14-item instrument was relevant to the purpose of measuring well-being. Construct validity showed a three-factor structure (emotional well-being, psychological well-being, and social well-being) with a fit model, and all items had a factor loading value greater than .5, indicating their validity. The reliability test revealed consistent results with alpha coefficient values in the range of .7 to .8 for the three dimensions, demonstrating that the instrument can provide consistent results when used on the same individual in different situations. This study concludes that the Indonesian version of the MHC-SF is valid and reliable for assessing an individual's well-being.
Prediction of Moral Disengagement and Incivility Against the Honesty of Junior High School Students
Authors: Sunawan Sunawan , Sutoyo Anwar , Nugroho Imam Setyo , Susilawati Susilawati
Published: February 2023

Honesty is a significant issue being investigated in the academic world due to the prevalence of dishonesty such as cheating and plagiarism among students. This research aims to examine the relationship between students' honesty and their moral disengagement and incivility perspectives. A correlational study was conducted with 636 students from two junior high schools in Central Java using cluster sampling. Participants completed the academic integrity scale, moral disengagement scale, and incivility scale. The results indicated that moral disengagement and incivility significantly predict students' honesty, as confirmed by the significant correlation (R = .41, F (13,622) = 9.57, p < .01). The study's results suggest that factors such as euphemistic labeling, dehumanization, unintentional incivility, and intentional incivility contribute to students' honesty. The findings of this study highlight the importance of addressing moral disengagement and incivility in educational settings. To promote honesty and positive behavior among students, educational institutions may consider implementing programs that address these factors and encourage positive moral reasoning and respectful behavior. Further discussion of these results is provided in the study.
Differences in Teacher Locus of Control by Religion, Tolerance, Age, Gender, and Teaching Experience
Authors: Sulaiman Afolasade Airat
Published: February 2023

This study aims to examine the differences of religious affiliation, tolerance, age, sex, and teaching experience based on the locus of control (LoC) of teachers in Lagos state, Nigeria. The sample for the study consisted of 600 teachers, with 353 female and 247 male participants, aged between 22 and 60 years, and conveniently selected from 20 secondary schools in Lagos State. The study used two instruments: the Adult Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Control Scale (ANSIE) and the Tolerance Scale (TS). Data was analyzed using simple frequency count, mean, and t-test. Results showed statistically significant differences of age, teaching experience, and tolerance on LoC, but no significant differences of sex and religion. However, the participants’ level of LoC and tolerance were found to be high, at 96.5% and 64.2% respectively. The results of this study provide implications for counselor work with teachers in Lagos state. Based on the findings, it is recommended that counselors consider the impact of age, teaching experience, and tolerance on the locus of control of teachers when working with them. Counselors can also help teachers to further develop their internal locus of control. Additionally, these results could inform counselor education programs, providing guidance on developing the skills necessary to work with teachers and promote locus of control.
The enhanced polymer-coated graphite anode electrodes for the electrooxidation of glucose
Authors: ÇAĞLAR Aykut
Published: February 2023

In this study, poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), poly(acrylamide) (PAAM), poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc), and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAc) polymers are synthesized by radical polymerization method. The chemical composition and surface morphology of the PMAc polymer are examined by micro-Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical measurements are examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses for glucose (Glu) electrooxidation. The characterization analyses reveal that the polymer structure was formed. The electrochemical analysis results indicate that the PMAc/G electrode has higher catalytic activity, stability, and resistance compared to other electrodes with a specific activity of 1.7 mA/cm2.
A Slight Unease About Capitalism: Radu Jude’s The Happiest Girl in the World and the New Romanian Cinema
Authors: Gorzo Andrei , Lazăr Veronica
Published: February 2023

The article discusses the aesthetics and the politics of the so-called New Romanian Cinema (a major post-2005 sensation on the international art-cinema circuit), succintly assessing its novelty in both a national and an international cinematic context. It then proceeds to discuss Radu Jude’s debut feature, The Happiest Girl in the World (2009), as a NRC film, typical in some ways, atypical in others. The paper highlights the film’s critique of advertising and the nuclear family.
(Anti)Colonial Anti-Communism in S.T.A.L.K.E.R. Shadow of Chernobyl: Appropriating the Anti-Colonial Rhetoric of Heart of Darkness and F.E.A.R. to Criticize Soviet Communism
Authors: Nae Andrei
Published: February 2023

This article analyses the anti-communist rhetoric of the popular Ukrainian video game S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl which was developed by GSC Game World and released in 2007. In this paper I argue that, in order to mount a humanist critique against Soviet communism, the game borrows the anti-colonial discursive structure of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness filtered through the video game F.E.A.R. If colonialism is predicated on the juxtaposition of territorial expansion and a progressive temporality towards a civilizational ideal, then Heart of Darkness and F.E.A.R. convey a critique of colonialism by highlighting how spatial progress brings about temporal regression manifested as a dissolution of the self. To show this, they employ the doppelgänger convention. Both protagonists representing white civilization are on quest to find a character who has been ‘contaminated’ by the ‘heart of darkness.’ This latter character is eventually revealed to be a negative cultural doppelgänger of the protagonist who has assimilated otherness to the point of no return. By the same token, in S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl the psychological regression of the protagonist is mapped onto spatial progress towards the heart of communism, in this case Reactor #4 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. S.T.A.L.K.E.R. reworks the doppelgänger convention by identifying the protagonist with the character ‘gone native,’ i.e. gone communist, not only symbolically, but also physically. This enables the game to put forth two scenarios, namely one where the main character overcomes communism, and one where he embraces it. By offering both endings, the game maintains two contradictory views on the communist past. One ending suggests that communism can eventually be overcome, while the other postulates the communist past is here to stay.
Ascunderi textuale: trei recenzii publicate de Mircea Eliade sub pseudonim în ultimul număr al Revistei universitare
Authors: Apostu Andreea
Published: February 2023

After his resignation from “Revista universitară” [“Universitary Journal”] in 1926, due to the scandal ignited by his review of Nicolae Iorga’s “Essai de synthèse de l’histoire de l’humanité,” Eliade continued to collaborate with the publication under the pseudonym “S.N.”. The three reviews analyzed in this article may seem of little importance – short informative texts, they nonetheless reveal the diversity of the young author’s interests and the persistence of several themes from Eliade’s youth to his late maturity: Italian culture (in his review of Alexandru Marcu’s “The Italian Romantics and Romanians”), B.P. Hasdeu’s life and works, metapsychic experiences and esoterism (through discussing Alberto Fidi’s “Treatise on Talismans”). These short texts reveal what we have called a sort of individual “longue durée” – a long-term affinity for certain subjects which evolves gradually and thoroughly throughout Eliade’s life. His passion for B.P. Hasdeu’s work and personality, for instance, started with a highschool conference, continued with an unfinished book project (revealed recently at an auction) and grew into an edition of Hasdeu, published in 1937: “Literary, Moral, and Political Writings.” Our article also analyses the connections between Eliade’s early articles and this new, unprecedented material, that appeared in March 2022 at a national auction.
A mânca la Viena. Digresiuni despre ce înseamnă să fii bucovinean în capitala Imperiului
Authors: Diaconu Mircea A.
Published: February 2023

Once in Vienna to get an education, the young Romanians that left Bukovina, be they sons of boyars, priests, peasants, or public servants, often found themselves in awe. One way or another, they soon experienced a hard time getting board and lodgings. To make ends meet, they had to pawn their belongings or borrow money, which spelled trouble for all of them. Consequently, their food choice and cooking skills welcome a cultural studies approach that reveals their worldview, identity or history proper. Taking into account mostly unknown memoirs, diaries and letters, the present paper aims to give insight into the eating habits and the world of young Bukovinians living in Vienna. Fitted within a chronological sequence, the case studies under scrutiny range from the Hurmuzachi brothers (Constantin, Eudoxiu, Gheorghe), Eminescu, and the so-called ‘Bukovinian colony’ to Ciprian Porumbescu and, eventually, Leca Morariu. Strangely enough, Morariu, although wounded in WWI, is the only one who managed to eat well while in Vienna. However, both his war and Vienna diaries are meaningful from many other perspectives than his meals. Beyond the actual or the implied questions they trigger, my somewhat random reading comes across as an opportunity to rediscover a lost world.
REVIEW: Petro Rychlo, ed. Mit den Augen von Zeitgenossen. Erinnerungen an Paul Celan
Authors: Sass Maria
Published: February 2023

The memoir authored by the Ukrainian Germanist Petro Rychlo, whose first edition was published at Suhrkamp with the occasion of the centennial anniversary of Paul Celan’s birth, includes a chronological selection of 55 texts from all the stations of the poet’s life. The volume pursues a better knowledge of Paul Celan as individual, of his character and his psychology, aspects that could have collectively contributed to the tragic outcome of his troubled life. Paul Celan is revealed as a complex personality, both through his poetic uniqueness and existential tragedy, as well as in his greatness and human vulnerability. The author argues for the importance of getting acquainted with the biographical aspects surrounding Celan – the Holocaust, the great love for his mother, the search for his Jewish identity – and emphasizes their special significance in deciphering the hermetic Celanian poetry.
Chinese AI Investment and Commercial Activity in Southeast Asia
Authors: Luong Ngor , Lee Channing , Konaev Margarita
Published: February 2023

China’s government has pushed the country’s technology and financial firms to expand abroad, and Southeast Asia’s growing economies — and AI companies — offer promising opportunities. This report examines the scope and nature of Chinese investment in the region. It finds that China currently plays a limited role in Southeast Asia’s emerging AI markets outside of Singapore and that Chinese investment activity still trails behind that of the United States. Nevertheless, Chinese tech companies, with support from the Chinese government, have established a broad range of other AI-related linkages with public and commercial actors across Southeast Asia.
Tomas Bokedal, Frihet och förtvivlan: Sören Kierkegaard om gudsförhållandet och självets helande
Authors: Wiklander Roy
Published: February 2023

N/A
ЕСТУ ҚАБІЛЕТІ БҰЗЫЛҒАН ОҚУШЫЛАРДЫҢ ҚАРЫМ-ҚАТЫНАСЫН ДАМЫТУ АРҚЫЛЫ ОЛАРДЫ ӘЛЕУМЕТТЕНДІРУ
Authors: Акилбаева Г.И. , Жүнсбек А.Ж.
Published: February 2023

В статье рассматриваются способы социализации школьников с нарушением слуха путем развития у них коммуникативных навыков. В статье представлены различия между нормаль-ными детьми и их сверстниками по показателям социальной адаптации и физической подготовленности школьников с нарушением слуха. Определены особенности успешной социализации школьников с нарушением слуха. В статье рассматривается роль слабослышащих детей и детей с нормальным слухом как способ социализации и адаптации в современном обществе. Определено понятие коммуникативной компетентности слабослы-шащего ребенка. С целью определения уровня социализации слабослышащих школьников через развитие коммуникаций было организовано специальное экспериментальное исследование, и по результатам исследования были предложены пути социализации слабослышащих школь-ников через развитие коммуникаций.

The article discusses the ways of socialization of schoolchildren with hearing impairment by developing their communication skills. The article presents the differences between normal children and their peers in terms of social adaptation and physical fitness of schoolchildren with hearing impairment. The features of successful socialization of schoolchildren with hearing impairment are determined. The article discusses the role of hearing-impaired children and children with normal hearing as a way of socialization and adaptation in modern society. The concept of communicative competence of a hearing-impaired child is defined. In order to determine the level of socialization of hearing-impaired schoolchildren through the development of communications, a special experimental study was organized, and based on the results of the study, ways of socialization of hearing-impaired schoolchildren through the development of communications were proposed.

Мақалада есту қабілеті бұзылған оқушыларды қарым-қатынасын дамыту арқылы әлеу-меттендіру жолдары қарастырылған. Мақалада қалыпты балалар мен олардың құрдастары есту қабілеті бұзылған оқушылардың әлеуметтік бейімделу және физикалық дайындығының көрсеткіштерінің айырмашылығы келтірілген. Есту қабілеті бұзылған мектеп жасындағы оқушылардың сәтті әлеуметтендіру ерекшеліктері анықталған. Мақалада есту қабілеті бұзылған балалар және есту қабілеті қалыпты балалардың әлеуметтену және қазіргі қоғамға бейімдеу тәсілі ретінде коммуникативтік құзыреттілігін қалыптастыру рөлі қарастырылған. Есту қабілеті бұзылған баланың коммуникативтік құзыреттілігі түсінігі анықталған. Есту қабілеті бұзылған оқушыларды қарым-қатынасын дамыту арқылы әлеуметтендіру деңгейін анықтау мақсатында арнайы эксперименттік зерттеу ұйымдастырылып, зерттеу нәтижелері бойынша есту қабілеті бұзылған оқушыларды оқушыларды қарым-қатынасын дамыту арқылы әлеуметтендіру жолдары ұсынылды.
Simulating impacts on UK air quality from net-zero forest planting scenarios
Authors: Purser Gemma , Heal Mathew R. , Carnell Edward J. , Bathgate Stephen , Drewer Julia , Morison James I. L. , Vieno Massimo
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The UK proposes additional bioenergy plantations and afforestation as part of measures to meet net-zero greenhouse gas emissions, but species and locations are not yet decided. Different tree species emit varying amounts of isoprene and monoterpene volatile organic compounds that are precursors to ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, the latter of which is a component of PM2.5. The forest canopy also acts as a depositional sink for air pollutants. All these processes are meteorologically influenced. We present here a first step at coupling information on tree species planting suitability and other planting constraints with data on UK-specific BVOC emission rates and tree canopy data to simulate via the WRF-EMEP4UK high spatial resolution atmospheric chemistry transport model the impact on UK air quality of four potential scenarios. Our ‘maximum planting’ scenarios are based on planting areas where yields are predicted to be  ≥50 % of the maximum from the Ecological Site Classification Decision Support System (ESC-DSS) for Eucalyptus gunnii, hybrid aspen (Populus tremula), Italian alder (Alnus cordata) and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis). The additional areas of forest in our scenarios are 2.0 to 2.7 times current suggestions for new bioenergy and afforestation landcover in the UK. Our planting scenarios increase UK annual mean surface ozone concentrations by 1.0 ppb or 3 % relative to the baseline landcover for the highest BVOC emitting species (e.g., E. gunni). Increases in ozone reach 2 ppb in summer when BVOC emissions are greatest. In contrast, all the additional planting scenarios lead to reductions in UK annual mean PM2.5 – ranging from -0.2 µg m-3 (-3 %) for Sitka spruce to -0.5 µg m-3 (-7 %) for aspen – revealing that PM2.5 deposition to the additional forest canopy area more than offsets additional SOA formation. Relative decreases in annual mean PM2.5 are greater than the relative increases in annual mean ozone. Reductions in PM2.5 are least in summer, coinciding with the period of maximum monoterpene emissions. Although only a first step in evaluating the impact of increased forest plantation on UK air quality, our study demonstrates the need for locally relevant data on landcover suitability, emissions and meteorology in model simulations.
Modulation of polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSEs) with high-frequency heating during low solar illumination
Authors: Gunnarsdottir Tinna L. , Poggenpohl Arne , Mann Ingrid , Mahmoudian Alireza , Dalin Peter , Haeggstroem Ingemar , Rietveld Michael
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Polar mesospheric summer echo (PMSE) formation is linked to charged dust/ice particles in the mesosphere. We investigate the modulation of PMSEs with radio waves based on measurements with EISCAT VHF radar and EISCAT heating facility during low solar illumination. The measurements were made in August 2018 and 2020 around 20:02 UT. Heating was operated in cycles with intervals of 48 s on and 168 s off.
More than half of the observed heating cycles show a PMSE modulation with a decrease in PMSE when the heater is on and an increase when it is switched off again. The PMSE often increases beyond its initial strength.
Less than half of the observed modulations have such an overshoot.
The overshoots are small or nonexistent at strong PMSE, and they are not observed when the ionosphere is influenced by particle precipitation.
We observe instances of very large overshoots at weak PMSE. PMSE modulation varies strongly from one cycle to the next, being highly variable on spatial scales smaller than a kilometer and timescales shorter than the timescales assumed for the variation in dust parameters. Average curves over several heating cycles are similar to the overshoot curves predicted by theory and observed previously. Some of the individual curves show stronger overshoots than reported in previous studies, and they exceed the values predicted by theory. A possible explanation is that the dust-charging conditions are different either because of the reduced solar illumination around midnight or because of long-term changes in ice particles in the mesosphere. We conclude that it is not possible to reliably derive the dust-charging parameters from the observed PMSE modulations.
Sea ice and productivity changes over the last glacial cycle in the Adélie Land region, East Antarctica, based on diatom assemblage variability
Authors: Pesjak Lea , McMinn Andrew , Chase Zanna , Bostock Helen
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Although diatoms can provide important palaeoenvironmental information about seasonal sea ice extent productivity, sea surface temperature, and ocean circulation variability, there are still relatively few studies analysing the last glacial cycle near the Antarctic continent. This study examines diatom assemblages over the last glacial cycle from core TAN1302-44, offshore Adélie Land, East Antarctica. Two distinct diatom assemblages were identified using principal component analysis (PC 1–PC 2). The PC 1 assemblage is characterised by Thalassiosira lentiginosa, Actinocyclus actinochilus, Eucampia antarctica, Azpeitia tabularis and Asteromphalus hyalinus and is associated with the interglacial, sedimentary Facies 1, suggesting that the MIS 5e and Holocene interglacials were characterised by seasonal sea ice environments with similar ocean temperature and circulation. The PC 2 assemblage is characterised by Fragilariopsis obliquecostata, Asteromphalus parvulus and Thalassiosira tumida and is associated with the glacial Facies 2. The variability of PC 2 indicates that, during the MIS 4–2 glacial and the last glaciation, there was an increase in the length of the sea ice season compared with that of the interglacial period, yet there was still no permanent sea ice cover. The initial increase of PC 2 at the start of the glaciation stage and then the gradual increase throughout late MIS 4–2 suggest that sea ice cover steadily increased, reaching a maximum towards the end of MIS 2. The increase in sea ice during glaciation and MIS 4–2 glacial is further supported by the increase in the Eucampia index (terminal/intercalary valve ratio), an additional proxy for sea ice, which coincides with increases in PC 2. Aside from the statistical results, the increase in the relative abundance of Thalassiothrix antarctica at 40 and 270 cm suggests that, during the last two deglacials, there was a period of enhanced nutrient delivery, which is inferred to reflect an increase in upwelling of Circumpolar Deep Water. Interestingly, the diatom data suggest that, during the last deglacial, the onset of increased Circumpolar Deep Water occurred after the loss of a prolonged sea ice season (decrease in PC 2) but before the ice sheet started to retreat (increase in IRD). Together, these results suggest the changes in sea ice season potentially influenced the ocean's thermohaline circulation and were important factors in driving the climate transitions. The results contribute to our understanding of the sea ice extent and ocean circulation changes proximal to East Antarctica over the last glacial cycle.
How Does Cloud-Radiative Heating over the North Atlantic Change with Grid Spacing, Convective Parameterization, and Microphysics Scheme?
Authors: Sullivan Sylvia , Keshtgar Behrooz , Albern Nicole , Bala Elzina , Braun Christoph , Choudhary Anubhav , Hörner Johannes , Lentink Hilke , Papavasileiou Georgios , Voigt Aiko
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Cloud-radiative heating (CRH) within the atmosphere and its changes with warming affect the large-scale atmospheric wind patterns in a myriad of ways, such that reliable predictions and projections of circulation require reliable calculations of CRH. In order to assess sensitivities of upper-tropospheric midlatitude CRH to model settings, we perform a series of simulations with the Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic Model (ICON) over the North Atlantic using six different grid spacings, parameterized and explicit convection, and one- versus two-moment cloud microphysics. While sensitivity to grid spacing is limited, CRH profiles change dramatically with microphysics and convection schemes. These dependencies are interpreted via decomposition into cloud classes and examination of cloud properties and cloud-controlling factors within these different classes. We trace the model dependencies back to differences in the mass mixing ratios and number concentrations of cloud ice and snow, as well as vertical velocities. Which frozen species are radiatively active and the coupling of microphysics and convection schemes turn out to be crucial factors in altering the modeled CRH profiles.
Simulated Long-term Evolution of the Thermosphere during the Holocene: 1. Neutral Density and Temperature
Authors: Cai Yihui , Yue Xinan , Zhou Xu , Ren Zhipeng , Wei Yong , Pan Yongxin
Published: February 2023

Abstract. In the previous work of Yue et al. (2022), the ionospheric evolution during the Holocene (9455 BC to 2015 AD) was comprehensively and carefully investigated for the first time using the Global Coupled Ionosphere-Thermosphere-Electrodynamics Model developed at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (GCITEM-IGGCAS), driven by realistic geomagnetic fields, CO2 levels, and solar activity derived from the ancient media records and modern measurements. In this study, we further quantify the effects of the three drivers on thermospheric neutral density and temperature variations during the Holocene. We find that the oscillations of solar activity contribute more than 80 % of the thermospheric variability, while either CO2 or the geomagnetic field contributes less than 10 %. The effect of CO2 on the global mean neutral density and temperature is comparable to that of the geomagnetic field throughout the Holocene but is more significant after 1800 AD. In addition, thermospheric density and temperature show approximately linear variations with the dipole moment of the geomagnetic field, CO2, and F10.7, with only the linear growth rate associated with the geomagnetic field varying significantly in universal time and latitude. The increasing dipole moment and CO2 cool and contract the thermosphere, while solar activity has the opposite effect. The higher the altitude, the greater the influence of the three factors on the thermosphere. Different factors produce different seasonal variations in thermosphere changes. Furthermore, we predict that a 400 ppm increase in CO2 will result in a 50–70 % and 84–114 K reduction in global mean neutral density and temperature, respectively, which should directly affect the orbit and lifetime of spacecraft and space debris.
Influence of the previous North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the spring dust aerosols over North China
Authors: Li Yan , Xu Falei , Feng Juan , Du Mengying , Song Wenjun , Li Chao , Zhao Wenjing
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has been confirmed to be closely related to the weather-climate in many regions of the Northern Hemisphere, however, its effect and mechanism upon the formation of regional dust events (DEs) have rarely been involved in China. By using the station observation data, and multi reanalysis datasets, the influence of NAO on the dust aerosols (DAs) in China, as well as the corresponding mechanism of synoptic cause are explored in perspective of transient eddy fluxes. It is found that the DAs in the non-dust source areas show high values with a strong annual variability in north of the Yangtze River (30–40° N, 105–120° E), which is referred to as the North China hereafter. A significant negative relationship is indicated between the boreal winter NAO index and the late spring DAs in the North China with the correlation coefficient of −0.39. According to the 9 spring DEs affected significantly by negative phase of the preceding winter NAO in the North China during 1980–2020, it is shown that before the outbreak of DEs, due to the transient eddy momentum (heat) convergence (divergence) over the dust aerosol (DA) source regions, the zonal wind speed increases in upper-level troposphere, strengthening the zonal wind in the middle-lower levels through momentum downward transmission. Simultaneously, there is transient eddy momentum (heat) divergence (convergence) around the Ural Mountains, which is favorable for establishment and maintenance of the Ural ridge, as well as development of the air temperature and vorticity advections. The combined action of temperature and vorticity advections results in the Siberian Highs and Mongolian cyclone to establish, strengthen, and move southward near the surface, guiding the cold air from high latitudes southward, and is favorable to the uplift and transmission of DAs to the downstream North China. After the outbreak of DEs, change of transient eddy fluxes in the DA source regions and the Urals regions, leads to both energy and mass divergence and reduction of the zonal winds over the North China. Accompanying with the prevailing southerly airflow in south of the North China, a stable high value of DA concentration is maintained for 1–2 days. This study reveals the impact of transient eddy fluxes transport on the dusty weather anomalies modulated by the NAO negative signal in the North China, which can deepen the understanding of formation mechanism of DEs in China.
Reliability of resilience estimation based on multi-instrument time series
Authors: Smith Taylor , Zotta Ruxandra-Maria , Boulton Chris A. , Lenton Timothy M. , Dorigo Wouter , Boers Niklas
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Many widely used observational data sets are comprised of several overlapping instrument records. While data inter-calibration techniques often yield continuous and reliable data for trend analysis, less attention is generally paid to maintaining higher-order statistics such as variance and autocorrelation. A growing body of work uses these metrics to quantify the stability or resilience of a system under study and potentially to anticipate an approaching critical transition in the system. Exploring the degree to which changes in resilience indicators such as the variance or autocorrelation can be attributed to non-stationary characteristics of the measurement process – rather than actual changes in the dynamical properties of the system – is important in this context. In this work we use both synthetic and empirical data to explore how changes in the noise structure of a data set are propagated into the commonly used resilience metrics lag-one autocorrelation and variance. We focus on examples from remotely sensed vegetation indicators such as vegetation optical depth and the normalized difference vegetation index from different satellite sources. We find that time series resulting from mixing signals from sensors with varied uncertainties and covering overlapping time spans can lead to biases in inferred resilience changes. These biases are typically more pronounced when resilience metrics are aggregated (for example, by land-cover type or region), whereas estimates for individual time series remain reliable at reasonable sensor signal-to-noise ratios. Our work provides guidelines for the treatment and aggregation of multi-instrument data in studies of critical transitions and resilience.
A 250 m annual alpine grassland AGB dataset over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (2000–2019) in China based on in situ measurements, UAV photos, and MODIS data
Authors: Zhang Huifang , Tang Zhonggang , Wang Binyao , Kan Hongcheng , Sun Yi , Qin Yu , Meng Baoping , Li Meng , Chen Jianjun , Lv Yanyan , Zhang Jianguo , Niu Shuli , Yi Shuhua
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The alpine grassland ecosystem accounts for 53 % of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) area and is an important ecological protection barrier, but it is fragile and vulnerable to climate change. Therefore, continuous monitoring of grassland aboveground biomass (AGB) is necessary. Although many studies have mapped the spatial distribution of AGB for the QTP, the results vary widely due to the limited ground samples and mismatches with satellite pixel scales. This paper proposed a new algorithm using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as a bridge to estimate the grassland AGB on the QTP from 2000 to 2019. The innovations were as follows: (1) in terms of ground data acquisition, spatial-scale matching among the traditional ground samples, UAV photos, and MODIS pixels was considered. A total of 906 pairs between field-harvested AGB and UAV sub-photos and 2602 sets of MODIS pixel-scale UAV data (over 37 000 UAV photos) were collected during 2015–2019. Therefore, the ground validation samples were sufficient and scale-matched. (2) In terms of model construction, the traditional quadrat scale (0.25 m2) was successfully upscaled to the MODIS pixel scale (62 500 m2) based on the random forest and stepwise upscaling methods. Compared with previous studies, the scale matching of independent and dependent variables was achieved, effectively reducing the impact of spatial-scale mismatch. The results showed that the correlation between the AGB values estimated by UAV and MODIS vegetation indices was higher than that between field-measured AGB and MODIS vegetation indices at the MODIS pixel scale. The multi-year validation results showed that the constructed MODIS pixel-scale AGB estimation model had good robustness, with an average R2 of 0.83 and RMSE of 34.13 g m−2. Our dataset provides an important input parameter for a comprehensive understanding of the role of the QTP under global climate change. The dataset is available from the National Tibetan Plateau/Third Pole Environment Data Center
(https://doi.org/10.11888/Terre.tpdc.272587; H. Zhang et al., 2022).
High-resolution global map of closed-canopy coconut
Authors: Descals Adrià , Wich Serge , Szantoi Zoltan , Struebig Matthew J. , Dennis Rona , Hatton Zoe , Ariffin Thina , Unus Nabillah , Gaveau David L. A. , Meijaard Erik
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Vegetable oil crops cover over half of global agricultural land and have varying environmental and socioeconomic impacts. Demand for coconut oil is expected to rise, but the global distribution of coconut is understudied, which hinders the discussion of its impacts. Here, we present the first 20-meter global coconut layer, produced using deep learning for semantic segmentation, specifically a U-Net model that was trained using annual Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 composites from 2020. Results confirmed the feasibility of using Sentinel-1 for mapping palm species that present full canopy closure. The overall accuracy was 99.10 ± 0.20 %, which was significantly higher than the no-information rate. The producer’s accuracy was 72.07 ± 22.83 % when only closed-canopy coconut was considered in the validation, but decreased to 12.34 ± 2.60 % when sparse and open-canopy coconut areas were considered, indicating that this planting context remains difficult to map with accuracy. We report a global coconut area of 12.31 ± 3.83 x 106 ha for dense open- and closed-canopy coconut, but the estimate is three times larger (36.72 ± 7.62 x 106 ha) when sparse coconut is included in the area estimation. This large area of sparse and dense open-canopy coconut is important as it indicates that production increases can likely be achieved on the existing lands allocated to coconut. The Philippines, Indonesia, and India account for most of the global coconut area, or about 82 % of the total mapped area. Our study provides the high-resolution, quantitative, and precise data necessary for assessing the relationships between vegetable oil production and the synergies and trade-offs between various sustainable development goal indicators. The global coconut layer is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7453178 (Descals, 2022).
Handwritten letters and photo albums linking geoscientists with school classes
Authors: Stiller-Reeve Mathew , Argentino Claudio , Waghorn Kate Alyse , Vadakkepuliyambatta Sunil , Kalenitchenko Dimitri , Panieri Giuliana
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Was something lost as society moved away from
“traditional” media such as handwritten letters and photography and into
the digital age? Some of the authors remember this age fondly, and we wanted to see if this fondness could be translated into a science dialogue project with school classes. We designed and carried out a communication process with four classes at different schools across Europe. During this process, each class would interact with a single scientist primarily via handwritten questions, letters, and a Polaroid photo album. The scientists would make this unique, one-of-a-kind album whilst on board a research expedition in the Barents Sea. We asked whether this process might show any benefits to the school students involved. To answer this, we asked the students to write up their thoughts on communicating with a scientist in this way. We analysed the texts and found that most students thought that the letters and Polaroid albums were a “beautiful experience”. Others commented on how important it is to actually put pen to paper and write since they (almost) only use digital media these days. Most importantly, the students learnt different elements of the science connected to the research expedition but also about the scientific process in general. And, equally important, some of the students were surprised and thankful that the scientists took the time to communicate with them in such a personal way. These results could possibly have been achieved using other media; however, the handwritten letters and Polaroids worked very well. They also seemed to conjure up some of the personal memories that we have about communication not so long ago. Maybe there is something to be said for slowing things down with our science communication projects and making them more personal and unique. This is something that snail mail and making photo albums forces us to do.
GCAM-CDR v1.0: enhancing the representation of carbon dioxide removal technologies and policies in an integrated assessment model
Authors: Morrow David R. , Apeaning Raphael , Guard Garrett
Published: February 2023

Abstract. This paper introduces GCAM-CDR 1.0, an integrated
assessment model for climate policy based on the open-source Global Change
Analysis Model (GCAM). GCAM-CDR extends GCAM v5.4 by enabling users to model
additional carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies and additional policies
and controls related to CDR. New CDR technologies include terrestrial
enhanced weathering with basalt, ocean liming, and additional versions of
direct air capture. New CDR policies and controls include integration of
bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) into the CDR market,
interregional trade in CDR, exogenous control over the rate of growth of
CDR, the ability to set independent targets for emissions abatement and CDR,
and a variety of mechanisms for setting demand for CDR at the regional
and/or global level. These extensions enhance users' ability to study the
potential roles of CDR in climate policy.
The High-resolution Intermediate Complexity Atmospheric Research (HICAR v1.0) Model Enables Fast Dynamic Downscaling to the Hectometer Scale
Authors: Reynolds Dylan Stewart , Gutmann Ethan , Kruyt Bert , Haugeneder Michael , Jonas Tobias , Gerber Franziska , Lehning Michael , Mott Rebecca
Published: February 2023

Abstract. High resolution (< 1 km) atmospheric modeling is increasingly used to study precipitation distributions in complex terrain and cryosphere-atmospheric processes. While this approach has yielded insightful results, studies over annual time-scales or at the spatial extents of watersheds remain unrealistic due to the computational costs of running most atmospheric models. In this paper we introduce a High-resolution variant of the Intermediate Complexity Atmospheric Research (ICAR) model, HICAR. We detail the model development that enabled HICAR simulations at the hectometer scale, including changes to the advection scheme and the wind solver. The latter uses near surface terrain parameters which allow HICAR to simulate complex topographic flow features. These model improvements clearly influence precipitation distributions at the ridge scale (50 m), suggesting that HICAR can approximate processes dependent on particle-flow interactions such as preferential deposition. A 250 m HICAR simulation over most of the Swiss Alps also shows monthly precipitation patterns similar to two different gridded precipitation products which assimilate available observations. Benchmarking runs show that HICAR uses 118x fewer computational resources than the WRF atmospheric model. This gain in efficiency makes dynamic downscaling accessible to ecohydrological research, where downscaled data is often required at hectometer resolution for whole basins at seasonal time scales. These results motivate further development of HICAR, including refinement of parameterizations used in the wind solver, and coupling of the model with an intermediate complexity snow model.