bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sage and Rosemary Extract Gel: Anti-Aging Efficacy in D-galactose-Induced Skin Aging Model
Authors: Gupta Ashok Kumar , Yadav Reenu , Sharma Samisha , Sawale Jyotiram , Yadav Savita
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to develop a topical herbal gel incorporating Salvia officinalis Linn and Rosmarinus officinalis L. extracts to evaluate its anti-aging effects in a mouse model of skin aging. Salvia officinalis and Rosmarinus officinalis are rich in polyphenols and antioxidants, protecting against oxidative stress and inflammation, common factors in premature aging. The study involved formulating and characterizing twelve herbal gel variants containing methanol extracts from these plants. These gels exhibited desirable qualities, such as stability and viscosity, and HF4, containing carbopol 934, displayed superior release properties. HF4 demonstrated excellent extrudability, 103±1.82% w/w of net content, and 97.65±1.63% cumulative release at 5 hours. In a d-galactose-induced skin aging mouse model, HF4 exhibited significant anti-aging effects, with increased dermal and epidermal layer thickness, elevated glutathione levels, and reduced malondialdehyde levels compared to the untreated group. In conclusion, this study successfully created a topical herbal gel with the potential to combat skin aging by enhancing skin structure and reducing oxidative stress. These findings suggest the promising anti-aging properties of Salvia officinalis and Rosmarinus officinalis herbal gel formulations.
Antiproliferative Activity and GCMS Analysis from the Leaves Extract of Different Cultivars Carica Papaya
Authors: Maungchanburi Saowanee , Chaithada Prakit , Rattanaburi Suthida , Pinsrithong Sakchaibordee , Raungrut Pritsana , Mukem Sirirak , Phetkul Uraiwan
Published: December 2024

Papaya is the fruit of the Carica papaya plant.Several secondary metabolites from the Caricagenus have been reported to exhibit interesting biological activities.Its leaves are normally considered discarded.The research aimed to examine the antiproliferativeand antioxidanteffects of Carica papayaleaves from four different cultivars-Cocoa, Holland, Khaek Dam, and Red Ladyand evaluate the chemical composition of the extracts through GC−MS analysis. The MTT assay evaluated the antiproliferative activity of all extracts.Red Lady exhibited higher effectiveness against MCF-7, SW620, and Vero cell lines comparedto Khaek Dam, with IC50values of 90.88 ± 0.39, 258.45 ± 2.16, and 301.73 ± 0.73 μg/mL, respectively.Cocoa and Holland extracts showed no cytotoxic effects on the mentioned cell lines. Antioxidant activity, measured through DPPH radical scavenging assays, revealed that Red Lady had the highest antioxidant capacity (IC50163.87 μg/mL), followed by Khaek Dam, Cocoa, and Holland. As a result, the GC−MS analysis concentrated on the extracts of Lady and Khaek Dam. The chromatograms revealed that the extractsfrom Red Lady displayed 23 components, while those from Khaek Dam contained 22. The primary metabolite produced in Khaek Dam were n-hexadecanoic acid (17.53%), 1-heptadecanecarboxylicacid (6.86%), and loliolide (5.58%),while in Red Lady 9-octadecenamide(20.82%), n-hexadecanoicacid (8.26%), palmitoleamide (5.43%)were produced. This indicates a difference in the chemical composition between the two cultivars. It is clear from this study that the chosen species includeda range of potent phytochemicalswith antiproliferative characteristics.
Toxicity Evaluation of Copper, Nickel, and Mixture on Daphnia Magna
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Tong , Le Thi Tuyen , Nguyen Thi Thuy , Luu Tang Phuc Khang
Published: December 2024

This study conducted acute (48 hours) and chronic (21 days) toxicity tests of nickel (Ni2+), copper (Cu2+) ions, and a mixture of the Ni2+ - Cu2+ ions on Daphnia magna (D. magna) under M4 medium. The acute test results showed that the toxicity of Cu2+ was about 15 times higher than Ni2+, demonstrated by the 50% effect concentration (EC50) value of 185.2 μg.L-1 and 2706.97 μg.L-1. In addition, the results also illustrated that the mixture of the Cu2+ – Ni2+ ions was more toxic to D. magna than a single metal with an EC50 value of 175.22 μg.L-1. Acute toxicity tests showed that the metal affected the viability of D. Magna, while the organism maturation and reproduction were affected under chronic exposure. Chronic test results showed that the toxicity of Cu2+ was higher than that of Ni2+ with EC50 values of 9.06 μg.L-1 and 162.12 μg.L-1; noticeably, the toxicity of the mixture of the two metals is higher than that of the single metal. In particular, Ni2+ at a concentration of 100 μg.L-1 stimulated the maturation, survival, and reproduction of D. magna. but at higher concentrations (> 100 μgNi.L-1), Ni2+ would bind to Cu2+, which exerted a more substantial effect on the test organism. This study initially evaluated the toxicity of Cu2+ and Ni2+ on microcrustaceans D. magna, which is the premise for further studies on the genotoxicity of heavy metals on microcrustaceans in general and D. magna in particular to ensure the quality of the ecosystem.
Biodegrading Lignocellulosic Agricultural Waste using Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Electrical Current Stimulation
Authors: Sukri Asiah , Othman Raihan
Published: December 2024

White-rot fungi (WRF), such as Phanerochaete chrysosporium, play a significant role in the lignin degradation (LD) of biomass, an essential process in the carbon recycling of terrestrial ecosystems. However, the rapid development of the agroindustry has imposed a daunting task on biomass waste management. One green initiative focuses on enhancing the bioremediation of lignin since it forms a resistant barrier to chemical and biological LD. This work demonstrated that electric current stimulation (ECS) can markedly enhance LD by P. chrysosporium. Palm oil empty fruit bunches (EFBs) were utilized as a lignin-rich substrate for P. chrysosporium. These were placed in a 250-ml enclosure filled with unbuffered potato dextrose broth (PDB) as the electrolyte. The ECS was supplied in situ in two ways: (1) by inserting a zinc anode/air electrode redox couple into the enclosure to produce a self-sustaining discharge current (DC), and (2) by connecting the enclosure to an external current (EC). The lignin content (LC) of the EFBs was assessed after 30 days of exposure to fungal microbes in an uncontrolled environment. The fungal LD rate was highest at 3 mA and even doubled under the influence of the EC, enhancing the lignin removal by 74.6%. The proposed method is much simpler and cheaper than the electrocatalytic reactions produced by the electro-Fenton method.
Sustainable Rubber Production Intercrop with Mixed Fruits to Improve Physiological Factors, Productivity, and Income
Authors: Buakong Wanphen , Suwanmanee Pluang , Ruttajorn Kedsirin , Asawatreratanakul Kasem , Espie Leake John
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the impact of various rubber intercropping models on productivity, income, and physiological factors, compared to rubber monocropping in Tamod subdistrict, Phatthalung province, Thailand. Three intercropping models from rubber smallholder farms with mature Hevea trees were evaluated: rubber with timber trees (RT), rubber with timber and fruit trees (RTF), and rubber with timber, fruit, and shrub trees (RTFS). The rubber monoculture served as the control treatment.  Data was collected from May 2021 to April 2022. Results revealed that intercropping had an 11.3% lower Tapping Panel Dryness incidence than monocropping (88.7%). The RTFS model had the highest latex yield at 1,866.31 kg/ha/year and dry rubber content at 40.11%, outperforming the other models. In the RTF model, fruit yields were 809, 92, 458, and 61 kg/ha/year for Durio zibethinus L., Lansium domesticum, Garcinia mangostana, and Nephelium lappaceum L. The RTFS model had a Salacca zalaca fruit yield of 1,220 kg/ha/year. Environmentally, the RTFS model had the lowest average temperature (30.5°C), highest humidity (68.8%), and lowest light intensity (2,955 lux) compared to the other models. Soil moisture tension was also least negative in RTFS at -5.7 kPa and -5.3 kPa at 30cm and 50cm depths. Economically, the RTF model had the highest net profit at 4,892 USD/ha/year with a benefit-cost ratio of 2.75 and a return on investment of 176%. Sensitivity analysis showed RTF maintained the highest profits even with ±10% changes in revenue and costs. Rubber intercropping, particularly the RTFS model, improved productivity, income, and environmental conditions compared to monocropping.
Production of red palm oil and red palm fats by vacuum frying sterilization and multi-step fractionation
Authors: Raviyan Patcharin , Rakprasoot Jeerapong , Temeeya Warangkana
Published: December 2024

The question on health impact of the refining palm oil has driven the oil palm producers in Thailand toward developing the wellness products that are in high demand in the future.  Red palm oil (RPO) which is rich in carotenoids and vitamin E catches attention. However, production of RPO by the current steam sterilization method has negative impact on environment and requires high capital investment, while the cost-saving dry sterilization method delivers a low-quality product. To develop the effective RPO processing method suitable for the small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs), the vacuum frying method was studied. The whole production steps consist of vacuum frying sterilization, acid degumming, neutralization, and then multi-step fractionation. The steam sterilization method was compared by using the same arrangement step except the sterilizing procedure. Sterilization by the vacuum fryer was controlled at 80 °C, -400 to -720 mmHg.  Results showed that the optimal vacuum frying time was 90 min.  The fractionation temperatures of the vacuum frying method were 34 °C, 27 °C and 17 °C, whereas those of the steam sterilized method were 34 °C, 25 °C and 15 °C.  Quality of RPOs produced from both methods were within the edible oil standard.  The vacuum frying method produced the RPO with 0.17% free fatty acids, 6.65 meq.O2/kg peroxide value, 620 mg/kg carotenoids, 835 mg/kg vitamin E and 61.31% yield. The main advantage in term of quality of the vacuum frying method lies mainly in improving yield and oil odor, which is a sensory characteristic that play an important role in consumer acceptance of the product. The red palm fats obtained from the multi-step fractionation provided a wide range of fats suitable for different applications. Therefore, the vacuum frying could be regarded as the sustainable process technology appropriated for the SMEs.
Antioxidant Activity of Banana Peel Waste, the Development and Stability Evaluation of Facial Toner Containing Banana Peel Extract
Authors: Numrueng Jutamas , Binlatah Nassareeya , Chana Netnapa , Sangkharak Kanokphorn
Published: December 2024

The banana processing industry produces many by-products, mainly banana peel. Banana peel waste, after banana processing, can be a good source of bioactive compounds. Extraction of phenolic compounds using optimum extraction conditions enhances the yield and quality of the products. This study evaluated optimizing the extraction time for the maximum extraction yield from banana peels, consequently lowering the overall process cost. In addition, the application of increasing the value of banana waste was also evaluated. The optimum conditions were achieved using 95% ethanol with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, 25 ± 5 oC under various extraction times (0-96 h). The responses, such as total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and DPPH inhibition activity, were measured by spectrophotometric analysis. The optimal incubation time at 72 h was found to be more effective compared to the others. The values of TPC, TFC, and DPPH inhibitory activity at optimized conditions were 8.23 ± 0.42 mg gallic acid equivalent (mg GAE)/g, 8.18 ± 0.08 mg quercetin equivalent (mg QE)/ g, and 93.96%, respectively. The ethanolic extract of banana peel had an inhibition concentration (IC50) of 48.35 ± 0.88 μg/mL. After that, banana peel extract was subjected to study the potential for cosmetic application. The extract was applied as an ingredient in facial toner. The toners were preliminarily characterized. Banana peel waste possesses reasonable antioxidant activity and shows high stability over time. The results showed high potential for cosmetic applications using banana peel extract. In addition, using banana peel waste reduces agricultural waste in the environment.
Enhancing Autonomous Driving: A Novel Approach of Mixed Attack and Physical Defense Strategies
Authors: Bi Chuanxiang , Shi Shang , Qu Jian
Published: December 2024

Adversarial attacks are a significant threat to autonomous driving safety, especially in the physical world where there is a prevalence of "sticker-paste" attacks on traffic signs. However, most of these attacks are single-category attacks with little interference effect. This paper builds an autonomous driving platform and conducts extensive experiments on five single-category attacks. Moreover, we proposed a new physical attack - a mixed attack consisting of different single-category physical attacks. The proposed method outperforms existing methods and can reduce the accuracy of traffic sign recognition of an autonomous driving platform by 38%. Furthermore, we proposed a new anti-jamming model for physical adversarial defense, CBAM-ResNet26 & CBAM-Alexnet, which improves an autonomous driving platform's traffic sign recognition accuracy to 63% under mixed attack. Finally, experiments were also conducted with datasets with different ratios of adversarial attack examples, and the experimental results showed that in adversarial training, the higher the ratio of adversarial examples, the higher the recognition accuracy. However, a too high ratio would reduce the accuracy of normal traffic signs. Finally, the optimal ratio for physical adversarial defense training is 1:2.
Induction of Mutation in Toothbrush Orchids using Ethylmethane Sulphonate (EMS) and Detection of Genetic Variation by SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) Marker
Authors: Keawsaard Yaowamarn , Pentem Parita , Rotduang Phakarat , Weeraphong Muntaka , Ramasoot Supawadee
Published: December 2024

The toothbrush orchid is a monocotyledonous plant. It is classified in the Dendrobium genus, which is an important and outstanding economic flowering plant. It is an orchid that is sold both domestically and internationally due to its overall toothbrush-like design, both in the flower arrangement and stem. Recently, there are fewer toothbrush orchids now. Therefore, the objective of this study was to study the effects of Ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) and detection of genetic variation in toothbrush orchids using simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker. EMS solution was used to soak a 0.5 cm piece of the protocorm like bodies (PLBs) at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0%. Thereafter, they were cultured on VW medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BA, 20 g/l sucrose, adjusted to pH 5.7 and solidified with 0.2 % phytagel. The cultures were maintained at 26 ±2°C under light at intensity of 3,000 lux for 14 hours per day. After culturing for 30 days, the results showed that PLBs immersed in EMS solution at 1.7% for 90 minutes gave the highest average survival rates at 50% (LD50). For the development of PBLs, PBLs were derived with immersed in 0.5 % EMS for 60 minutes gave the highest PLBs induction (7.37%) and average number of PLBs (1.41 PLBs/explant) after culturing for 8 weeks. For detection of genetic variation, a total of 9 SSR primers were used, including EgCIR0409, EgCIR0905, EgCIR0781, EgCIR0446, EgCIR1772, EgCIR0337, EgCIR0337, EgCIR0243, mEgCIR0465, and mEgCIR008. The results found that only one primer gave polymorphic banding. EgCIR0905 primer gave polymorphic banding at 50% and specific DNA banding size at 200 bp.
An AIoT-based Air Quality Monitoring System for Real-time PM2.5 Prediction in Urban Environments
Authors: Otanasap Nuth , Tadsuan Siriwich , Chalermsuk Chanintorn
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to develop an air quality monitoring and forecasting system focusing on PM2.5 using a combination of AI of Things (AIoT) technology. The system was designed to provide warnings of PM2.5 levels through a mobile application. Air pollution, particularly PM2.5, is a significant health concern globally, with Southeast Asia being heavily affected. Bangkok, Thailand, experiences high PM2.5 concentrations during cool weather. Existing research explores short-term PM2.5 prediction using AIoT. Still, there is a need for improved software, hardware, and ML algorithms for user-friendly mobile applications with real-time data access and health advisories. The system was installed on a building next to a main road in Bangkok. It collected data on PM2.5. The Air Quality Index (AQI) was used to categorize PM2.5 levels and their health impacts. Time series analysis with moving averages and the Random Forest algorithm were employed in advance for PM2.5 forecasting. A mobile application was developed to provide a user interface and data visualization. The MARF (Moving Average and Random Forest) model emerged as a success, achieving higher accuracy (average of 92.59%) for 1-hour advance forecasts compared to the Moving Average (MA) model (average of 84.16%). The developed system demonstrates the potential of AIoT for accurate PM2.5 monitoring and forecasting. Future research could explore more advanced ML algorithms and integrate additional environmental factors for enhanced forecasting accuracy.
Efficient and Rapid Classification of Various Maize Seeds Using Transfer Learning and Advanced AI Techniques
Authors: KOZAN Hasan İbrahim , AKYÜREK Hasan Ali
Published: December 2024

The classification of maize (Zea mays) is crucial for agricultural efficiency, breeding programs, and market specifications. The EfficientMaize dataset was utilized alongside Google’s Teachable Machine to develop a model separating maize varieties into classes: Bhihilifa, SanzalSima, and WangDataa. As a result, the study demonstrated that user-friendly machine learning tools are helpful in agriculture since they delivered high accuracy rates, such as 99% in Bhihilifa, 95% in SanzalSima, and 85% in WangDataa. This paper also emphasizes how modern machine-learning technologies can be accessible to farmers and researchers through tools such as Google’s Teachable Machine, which does not require coding knowledge or online expertise. To validate the results obtained with Google Teachable Machine, further analyses were conducted using RESNET-50. These findings add to previous studies on deep learning and hyperspectral imaging, leading to seed classification by increasing the potential of using machine learning to improve agricultural practices and food security.
Optimisasi Pemeriksaan Magnetic Resonance Venography Brain dengan Menggunakan Phase Contrast
Authors: Tanti Ratna Sari  , Sugiyanto  , Kartikasari Yeti
Published: December 2024

Background: Magnetic Resonance Venography (MRV) is an imaging that has a sensitivity of 91.9% to
display veins using the Phase Contrast (PC) technique in producing tissue contrast. The most important
parameter is the Velocity Encoding (VENC) which is adjusted to the flow velocity of the veins. An
abnormality that often occurs is CVT due to thrombosis so that intracranial pressure increases. The
VENC setting is adjusted to the velocity of the veins. High VENC results in impaired vascular imaging,
whereas low VENC results in aliasing and decreased signaling. This study aims to determine the
difference in anatomical information of the cerebralis vein and determine the optimal VENC value on
MRV Brain Phase Contrast examination of CVT patients.
Methods: This type of research is quantitative with an experimental approach. Data collection was
carried out at the Radiology Installation of Gatot Soebroto Hospital on March 13-26, 2024. The study
sample of 10 CVT patients who were examined MRV with VENC variations of 10 cm /s, 25 cm /s, and
40 cm /s in five large veins and five small veins. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires
filled out by two respondents. The data were analyzed using the Friedman test and Wilcoxon test.
Results: The results of statistical tests showed significant differences in all anatomy of the sagittal and
coronal pieces assessed such as superior sagittal sinus, transverse sinus, straight sinus, sigmoid sinus,
galen vein, jugular internal vein, jugular external vein, trolard vein, internal cerebral vein, and labbe vein
with a p value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). The best anatomical image information results using VENC 25 cm / s
indicated by a mean rank value of 2.60.
Conclusions: The VENC value of 25 cm / s can display large and small veins optimally because it is able
to compensate for the venous flow speed of 10 CVT patients which occurs mostly in the transverse sinus
and sigmoid sinuses.
Analisis Penggunaan Bolus Lunak terhadap Distribusi Dosis pada Penyinaran Karsinoma Sel Skuamosa Facial dengan Teknik IMRT di Departemen Radioterapi MRCCC Siloam Hospital Semanggi
Authors: Evanda Kurniasari
Published: December 2024

Background: Diagnostically, Facial Squamous Cell Carcinoma develops in the areas of the face that are
uneven in nature on the surface of the skin. For that reason, irradiation in this area can cause any
inhomogeneous dose distribution and increase the potential for the emergence of new cancer due to
radiation exposure to the surrounding healthy tissue; therefore, it is necessary to use a soft bolus which is
combined with IMRT radiation technique to make the dose distribution more optimal.
Methods: This research applies descriptive qualitative method with one sample taken from secondary data
of the patients with Facial Squamous Cell Carcinoma cases using a soft bolus with IMRT technique. As for
the research methods, they include among the other things literature study, observation, interviews, and
documentation. Meanwhile, this research was conducted starting from February up to May 2024 executed
at Radiotherapy Department of MRCCC Siloam Hospital Semanggi.
Results: IMRT technique is used with the use of MLC and irradiation from several angles combined with
the use of a soft bolus made from plasticine to increase the surface dose and optimize the dose distribution.
Apparently, the planning result suggests that the distribution of doses in the organ at risk against the
tolerated dose shows that the right eye is above tolerance; however, the other organs at risk such as
brainstem, chiasm, eye left, lens left, lens right, optic nerve left, and optic nerve right are below the
tolerance.
Conclusions: The planning results highlight that the use of IMRT technique combined with a soft bolus
increases surface dose and optimizes dose distribution in Facial Squamous Cell Carcinoma irradiation,
while ensuring most organs at risk remain within tolerance levels except for the right eye.
Evaluasi Nilai Diagnostic Reference Level (DRL) pada Pemeriksaan CT Scan Abdomen 3 Fase di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan
Authors: Amalia Fauziah , Sutoro Shinta Gunawati , Indrianti Rosita
Published: December 2024

Background: Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRL) are stated in CTDI and DLP hence due to an accurate
parameter selection, good control practices and the use of appropriate DRL, they will significantly reduce
the radiation dose to the patient by more than 50%. In addition to DRL, the value of estimated effective
dose and estimated cancer risk is as additional information to assist in several aspects of justification and
optimization as well as to become an educational device that increases the awareness of the risk of cancer.
This research also aims to obtain DRL value for a 3-phase abdominal CT scan because Indonesia does not
yet have a DRL for a 3-phase abdominal CT scan.
Methods: This research uses an observational approach with descriptive quantitative methods using
secondary data. As for the data analyzed herein, they involve the patient information and the radiation dose
received during a 3-phase abdominal CT scan obtained from the dose report on the CT Scan machine
workstation. Meanwhile, the research population included all the patients who underwent a 3-phase
abdominal CT scan undertaken at Radiology Installation of Persahabatan Central General Hospital starting
from January up to March 2024 with a total population of 40 patients. The number of samples used was 30
samples. The collected data are processed and analyzed using a descriptive frequency test and then
compared with DRLs from the other countries and Abdominal I-DRL, AbdoPelvis and Whole Abdomen.
Furthermore, it is then calculated to obtain the estimated effective dose and cancer risk which is presented
in tabular form.
Results The results of this research suggests that DRL value at CTDI Persahabatan Central General
Hospital is lower than that in the other countries and below Abdominal I-DRL, AbdoPelvis and Whole
Abdomen, and DLP value is much higher than that in the other countries and above Abdominal I-DRL
DLP, AbdoPelvis and Whole Abdomen.
Building Public Awareness: Education and Campaigns to Prevent Stunting in the Next Generation
Authors: Fuadi Debi S , Hufad Achmad , Ismawati Dwi , Jaya Amal , Pratama Andika , Haryanto Haryanto , Hidayat Toni
Published: December 2024

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of education and campaign approaches in building public awareness about the importance of preventing stunting in future generations. Employing a qualitative descriptive study approach, the researcher engaged three informants with relevant experience and knowledge in the field of child health and stunting prevention. Through in-depth interviews and content analysis, this study describes the perceptions, understandings, and experiences of informants regarding the education and campaign efforts conducted to prevent stunting. The results reveal a variety of strategies employed, including direct counselling, provision of educational materials, social media campaigns, and community activities. Data analysis underscores challenges encountered in implementing the program, such as low levels of community participation, limited access to health services, and financial constraints. Nonetheless, the findings also identify opportunities to enhance the program's effectiveness, such as collaboration with community institutions and a culturally nuanced approach. This research offers valuable insights for the development of more effective strategies to cultivate community awareness about stunting and foster positive behavior change to prevent stunting in future generations. In conclusion, education and campaigns play a pivotal role in stunting prevention efforts, but sustained and coordinated endeavors are requisite to achieve substantial impact.
Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene Mutations in Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia
Authors: Dalyan Ayşe , Ozaslan Mehmet
Published: December 2024

Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) is the most common type of leukemia in adults in western countries and is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease. Although the diseaseusually follows a slow course, significant survival differences are observed depending on clinical and biological factors. Some patients with CLL do not need treatment for many years, while others need urgent treatment. It is noteworthy that staging systems are inadequate in patient follow-up and predicting the course of the disease. Therefore, parameters that determine prognosis in CLL independent of disease stage have been developed. In recent years, mutation status of Immunoglobulin heavy chain variableregion(IgVH) genes has emerged as a strong marker for prognosis in CLL. Patients with CLL are divided into 2 subgroups with different clinical courses according to the mutation status in the IgVH genes: one refers to mutated IgVH segments with a more favorable clinical course and the other refers to non-mutated IgVH segments associated with a poor outcome. In this study, we will try to clarify the relationship between IgVH mutation status and CLL prognosis and survival.
Essential and Conditionally Essential Amino Acid Profile in West Kazakhstan Children with Suspected Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Authors: Zharmakhanova Gulmira , Kononets Victoria , Syrlybayeva Lyazzat , Gaisiyeva Zhanylsyn
Published: December 2024

Measuring the concentration of amino acids in the blood and compiling a metabolic profile of amino acids, taking into account the influence of factors such as age, gender, body weight, region of residence, is extremely important in the diagnosis of amino acid metabolic disorders, especially when conducting selective screening for inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). Aims: To describe the metabolic profile of essential and conditionally essential amino acids in samples of dried blood spots from children in Western Kazakhstan with suspected IEM using LC-MS/MS technology (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). Methods: The cross-sectional study included 200 clinical-risk children of West Kazakhstan aged one day to 18 years, 52.5 % male and 47.5 % female. Depending on their age, the children were divided into the following groups: group A (newborns, age 1-30 days), group B (age 1 month -7 years) and group C (age 8-18 years). Blood samples on Guthrie cards were collected and quantified by LC-MS/MS. Nonparametric statistical approaches were used. The concentrations of arginine, glycine, leucine, isoleucine, hydroxyproline, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, tyrosine, valine in dried blood spots of children with suspected IEM were determined. Results: Significant differences were established between children with suspected IEM of different age groups in the concentrations of hydroxyproline, arginine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, proline, tyrosine and valine. A negative correlation with age for the majority of essential and conditionally essential Amino Acids indicates their decline with age in children with suspected hereditary metabolic diseases. Significant differences between groups of female and male children with suspected IEM were established only in the concentration of methionine in dried blood spots. The highest values were determined in female group. Conclusion: The results of this study may be important in conducting selective screening for IEM in various age groups of the pediatric population.
Determination of miRNA Expression Levels in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Dagdeviren Mehmet Aydin , Ozaslan Mehmet
Published: December 2024

Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide, with the highest incidence rates observed in men in some countries in Southern and Western Europe, North America, North Africa, or Western Asia (Antoni, S. et al., 2017). Although gender differences vary greatly between countries, incidence rates are lower in men than in women. According to the data announced by the World Health Organization in 2022: In European and Asian comparisons; This rate is 21.1% and 5.6% per 100,000 people, respectively, and 22.6% in Turkey (Globocan, 2022). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-protein-coding, single-stranded RNA molecules of 18-25 nucleotides in length and constitute a class of endogenous small RNAs (Celik et al., 2013). Studies have shown that microRNAs may also function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in Bladder cancer. Although the expression levels of microRNA 22 5p and microRNA 337 have been determined in many cancers, including lung, prostate and colon cancer, no studies have been found on their expression levels in bladder cancer patients. In our study, miRNA 22 5p and miRNA 337 5p expression levels in bladder cancer patients will be calculated quantitatively using the Real-Time PCR method. In the first stage of the study, samples will be taken from the bladder using the TUR method, one from healthy tissue and the other from cancerous tissue. miRNA will be isolated from the tissue samples taken, cDNA will be synthesized from the miRNA samples and expression levels will be determined with the Real-Time PCR method using miRNA 22 5p, miRNA 337 5p specific primers and U6 primer as the reference gene. The data will be analyzed and interpreted with the SPSS package program.This study was planned to determine whether these two miRNAs can guide early diagnosis and diagnosis in bladder cancer patients and to provide clinicians with diagnosis and treatment planning.
Robotic Stretcher for Spinal Muscular Atrophy Patient: Test of User Controllability with Operating Device and Monitoring System
Authors: Sakaki Taisuke , Aoki Kanta , Shimokawa Toshihiko , Yano Seiya , Karakawa Haruka , Kamiya Yuko , Tashiro Takehiro
Published: December 2024

Diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) often cause motor disabilities through the progressive loss of muscle power. Also, many SMA patients must lie horizontally and thus cannot operate a wheelchair. The aim of this study was to develop a robotic stretcher for an SMA patient with severe motor disabilities to enable her to maneuver independently inside a building. The concept underlying the stretcher is that the user should be able to drive the stretcher using a suitable operating device while watching a display feed from cameras mounted on the stretcher. We have developed new devices with an operating device and its algorithm, monitoring system, mechanical frame, and control system tailored to the user’s limited abilities (motion in only one finger). We have verified their functions through tests of a prototype machine operated by the target user. The tests were conducted with the machine positioned on the ground to simulate a shopping mall environment. The subject was able to control the machine effectively, aided by the monitoring system that provided visibility of the stretcher’s position within the environment. Remarkably, even without specific guidance, the subject could operate the stretcher efficiently. To enhance the stretcher’s operability, we considered focusing on controlling the straight motion performance of the mechanical body, which includes two independently motor-driven wheels and casters.
Medical Chemistry and Its Influence on the Results of Treatment of Patients with Acute Bleeding from the Lower Compartments of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Sulyma Volodymyr , Duka Ruslan , Malinovskyj Serhij , Yaroshenko Kateryna , Bashmakov Ivan
Published: December 2024

Emergency care for patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, despite the substantial progress in drug therapy and development of endoscopic and angiographic methods of hemostasis, remains a very important issue of modern medicine. Acute bleeding from the large intestine causes up to 12-15% of all gastrointestinal bleeding. In the general population it occurs in 0.03% of individuals. There is fibrinolysis inhibitor that had been widely used for last decade. It is Tranexamic acid. Administration of Tranexamic acid is included in national guidelines and a number of international clinical protocols that describes providing medical care to patients with bleeding. To assess efficiency of treatment strategy, that includes administration of Tranexamic acid in patients with bleeding from large intestine. Primary outcomes are number of rebleeding and surgeon interventions. There were 546 inpatients, that underwent treatment in proctology department of 6th Dnipro City Hospital from 2016 to 2023. Patients were between the ages of 35-89. The number of patients under the age of 44 was 34 (6%), 45-59 – 92 patients (17%), 60-74 – 224 patients (41%), over 75 – 196 patients (36%). Gender ratio is 234 males (42,8%) and 312 females (57,2%). After examination of patients, following diseases were determined as causes of bleeding from large intestine: Crohn’s disease – 5,3 %; ulcerative colitis – 12,7 %; colonic diverticulitis – 36,5 %; colorectal cancer – 20,1 %; colonic polips - 1,3 %; hemorrhoids – 24,1%. Strategy including Tranexamic acid permitted to decrease amount of rebleeding and surgical interventions, performed due to failed hemostasis, from 25,6% to 12,9%. Total mortality decreased from 11,5% to 6,4%. Indications for surgical interventions in case of bleeding from the large intestine are failed medication and endoscopic hemostasis, as well as rebleeding. Rebleeding occurs more often in those who is suffered from diverticular disease of the sigmoid colon and colonic villous adenomas.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Applications: Review
Authors: Junejo Yasmeen , Safdar Muhammad , Ozaslan Mehmet
Published: December 2024

The synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has garnered significant attention due to their unique physicochemical properties and broad range of applications. This study explores various methods of synthesizing AgNPs, including chemical reduction, green synthesis using plant extracts, and physical methods such as laser ablation. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized using techniques like UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to confirm their size, shape, and crystalline structure. AgNPs exhibit remarkable antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties, making them valuable in medical applications such as wound dressings, coatings for medical devices, and drug delivery systems. Additionally, their catalytic activity and optical properties enable their use in environmental remediation, water treatment, and sensor development. This study highlights the synthesis processes, characterization, and potential applications of AgNPs, emphasizing their role in advancing nanotechnology and contributing to various fields, including medicine, environmental science, and material science.
Damage and Morphometric Effects of Prohibited Substance Use as Doping on Tissues and Organs
Authors: Ozdemir Mehmet , Sensoy Cuneyt , Vural Gulen
Published: December 2024

Uncontrolled acute or chronic use of very high doses by athletes to enhance athletic performance, improve muscle strength and physical appearance (Pope et al, 2017; Gök et al 2016) Erythropoietin, methenolone Enanthate (rhEPO), Testosterone propionate, Testosterone phenylpropionate, Testosterone isocaproate, Testosterone decanoate (Özdemir & Yalçın, 2011; Bozkurt et al., 2011a-b; Özdemir, 2020), which are among the most common AAS used for doping purposes, can cause irreparable serious organ damage (Al-Otaibi, 2024). Prohibited substances are also widely used as pharmacological drug therapy in patients with chronic diseases to improve the quality of life by achieving the appropriate effects on the body (Handelsman, 2006). Despite their use in clinical treatments, banned substances have also been found to have some negative effects on patients and the health of external users (Mutalip et al 2013). Testosterone is used in drug therapy for chronic respiratory or heart failure, anemia due to bone marrow failure, increasing or decreasing erythropoietin in renal failure, and for muscle and bone healing in autoimmune diseases. The abuse of these substances is often used illegally in large doses for non-medical purposes, especially in strength sports and bodybuilding. In parallel with effective findings that reduce the abuse of banned substances in elite sports, there is a need to focus more attention on non-sporting cosmetic, recreational, exertional and occupational abuse (Handelsman, 2006). Athletes use banned substances to improve performance regardless of health risks (El-Gendy, et al., 2021). In studies conducted in various countries, the lifetime prevalence of banned substances used for exertion, physical appearance and performance enhancement in young men is reported at rates ranging from 3-12% (Gök et al., 2016). The use of banned substances has continued to increase in recent years and there is a need for more research on this subject. In this study, it is aimed to inform the society and especially the sports community about the damage caused by banned substances used as doping on tissues and organs
Biochemical Parameters Studying in Experimental Diabetes
Authors: Ilderbayev Oralbek , Zharmakhanova Gulmira , Uzbekov Darkhan , Ilderbayeva Gulzhan , Zhanilova Ainur
Published: December 2024

Objective of study was biochemical parameters studying in experimental modeling of 2nd type diabetes in animals. To achieve the goal 2nd type induced diabetes was modeled in white male rats weighing on average 200.0±20.0 gr. Streptozotocin (MP Biomedicals, USA) administered intraperitoneally at 30 mg/kg dose was used as β-cytotoxin in modeling diabetes. After injection in experimental animals glucose concentration increased by 1.2 times (p<0.05), glycated hemoglobin level increased by 1.4 times (p<0.05). Lipid peroxidation outputs and antioxidant preservation enzymes in blood lymphocytes were studied: diene conjugates, malondialdehyde content, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase activities. Studies have shown that in diabetes peripheral blood lymphocytes DC concentration increases by 20.68% (p<0.05), whereas MDA also increases by 23.07% (p<0.05). Antioxidant system enzymes underwent the following changes in diabetes: GlR activity in the blood decreased by 21.38% (p<0.05), catalase by 18.26% (p<0.05), whereas GlP activity was observed to decrease (p>0.05). Results show decrease in antioxidant system activation against the background of oxidative stress activation. AOP state studying seems crucial from the point of view of correctional therapy methods and determining pathological and adaptive alteration origin in the body. Conclusions. In diabetes mellitus oxidation process of chain lipids free radicals is activated entailing undesirable outputs accumulation in tissues having extremely harmful effects leading to cell membranes changes at different levels. Diabetes formation is accompanied by decrease in antioxidant system activation confirming by decrease in GlR, GlP, Kt expression against oxidative stress expression background
Composition and Structure of Ectoparasites in Cattle in Setif Region - Algeria
Authors: Bouchama Badredine
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the infestation of cattle by ectoparasites in the region of Setif (Algeria). Over a three-year period (2016-2018), a total of 2200 cattle were examined, revealing five species of insects (four species of lice and one myiasis) and seven species of ticks (Ixodidae). Our results indicate that 66.07% of cattle were infested with one or more ectoparasites. Among these, ixodid ticks were the most prevalent, accounting for an overall infection rate of35.30%. The dominant tick species were Rhipicephalus turanicus (12.89%)and Hyalomma marginatum (10.05%), followed by Hyalomma excavatum and Rhipicephalus bursa at (9.4% and 8.9%, respectively). The species Hyalomma scupense, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus, and Haemaphysalis sulcata had the lowest prevalence rates (5.65%,2.02%, and1.47%, respectively). Additionally,783 cattle were affected by phthiriosis, with the dominant louse species being Bovicola bovis (19.82%), followed by Haematopinus quadripertusus, Solenopotes capillatus, and Linognathus vituli (at12.77%,8.15%, and7.7%, respectively). In contrast, only244 cattle were affected by a single species of myiasis (Hypoderma lineatum), with2034 larvae. The seasonal dynamics of ectoparasites were evident, with seven tick species showing activity during spring and summer. All four louse species caused winter disease, while Hypodermosis due to Hypoderma lineatum occurred predominantly in spring and summer, extending into autumn. Interestingly, the topographical region did not significantly influence lice and Hypodermosis infestations. However, it did create a favorable environment for tick activity. There was also a racial predisposition observed in lice and ticks, in contrast to Hypodermosis, where racial factors had no impact. Finally, the influence of age and sex on ectoparasite diseases closely correlated with the breeding system.
Factors Influencing the Productive and Reproductive Performance of Local Rabbit Strain in Algerian
Authors: Mennani Achour
Published: December 2024

The objective of the present work was to study the factors influencing productive and reproductive performances of local rabbit strain in Algeria and to determine the influence of the factors (the mode of reproduction, the age of the mothers and the parity) on the number of total born rabbits, rabbits born alive and the number of weaned rabbits in a hutch of breeding of local rabbit strain. A follow-up of breeding was carried out on a total number of 60 rabbits of which 47 reproductive females inseminated naturally (31) or artificially (16) and 08 males for natural mating and 05 for artificial insemination. The herd is composed of rabbits of variable phenotype but of the same strain (different colors of the coat) of local strain. We found that: The breeding method in rabbits had a non-significant effect (P>0, 05) on the reproductive performance as well as the productive performance (slaughter weight) of the rabbits. A slight superiority was observed in the lot conducted under artificial insemination (AI) compared to the one conducted under natural reproduction. On the other hand, the reproduction mode had a significant effect on the number of weaned rabbits (P<0.01) with a remarkable superiority for the lot conducted under artificial insemination compared to the one conducted under natural reproduction (RN). The weights of the rabbits at slaughter resulting from natural or artificial insemination are very close for both reproduction modes.
Pervasive Microplastics and Zooplankton Abundance in Middle East Region of Java North Sea Indonesia: Spatio-Temporal of an Oceanic System
Authors: Suryandari Asriningsih , Kuncoro Eko Prasetyo , Soegianto Agoes
Published: December 2024

A significant threat to marine food webs is the ingestion of microplastics (MPs—plastic particles below 5 mm) by planktivorous organisms. Between February to August 2024, MPs samples from water coulomb and zooplankton were collected of Jepara and Rembang Region were related to Java North Sea Indonesia. This study was all related to the prey-predator linkage as a result of the size of microplastics affect plastic intake in oceanic islands' ecosystems collected from water samples. Microplastics collected from water sample then identified color, shape, size and abundance by microscope in this research. Microplastics type were analyzed used FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) imaging. Zooplankton were identified and classified into their traits, size and abundance. The types of microplastics identified were fragments, fibers, films, and pellets. In water samples, black and fiber microplastics were increasingly common. Therefore, by analyzing the size and characteristics of zooplankton, comparing the abundance of microplastics and zooplankton in the marine environment, it is necessary to comprehend the probability of plastics invading the trophic web of the food chain.
Exploring the Representation of Environmental Issues in an EFL Textbook for Secondary School: A Multimodal Analysis
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad Agung
Published: December 2024

This study intends to explore how environmental issues are represented in an EFL textbook for secondary school. The study obtained the data from the English for Nusantara book for 8th grade. By administering a qualitative textual analysis with a multimodal approach, the study analyzed verbal and visual complementarity of three worksheets. It utilized Ideational-intersemiotic Complementarity (Royce, 1998). The findings show that the verbal and visual texts represent flood-related environmental issue. There are three main points of flood-related environmental issues – the causes, the effects, and the solutions. Verbal and visual texts of the selected worksheets are completed each other. Hence, encouraging students’ comprehension of the module, especially related to environmental issues, could be expanded by identifying both texts as a single whole.