bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Культура стратегічних комунікацій як основа таргетингу
Authors: Семененко В. , Шидлюх В. , Сівоха І.
Published: June 2021

Стратегічні комунікації у Збройних Силах (ЗС) України – об’єднання комунікативних спроможностей та військової діяльності з метою формування інформаційного середовища для розуміння, підтримки українським суспільством та міжнародною спільнотою діяльності ЗС України, створення сприятливих умов для виконання ними завдань за призначенням.

Однак, на цей час наукові підходи до стратегічних комунікацій, як культури, а також до обґрунтування ролі культури стратегічних комунікацій у прийнятих країнами НАТО процесах таргетингу залишаються недостатньо розкритими та науково-обґрунтованими.

Процес таргетингу – це спільні, системні та цілеспрямовані летальні та не летальні дії стратегічного, оперативного та тактичного рівнів для створення конкретних ефектів, досягнення військових цілей та бажаного кінцевого стану ‑ захист суверенітету і територіальної цілісності України, забезпечення її економічної та інформаційної безпеки..

Культура стратегічних комунікацій – сукупність матеріальних і духовних цінностей, створених в процесі реалізації комунікативних можливостей держави, історично набутий досвід та рівень їх розвитку для удосконалення та гармонізації заходів, спрямованих на просування цілей держави в майбутньому.

Аналіз показав, що саме культура стратегічних комунікацій сучасних військових лідерів становить основу розвитку комунікаційних спроможностей МО і ЗС України, а окремі пропозиції щодо її формування знайшли відображення у цій статті.

У подальшому матеріал статті може бути використано для розроблення теоретико-методологічних основ формування культури стратегічних комунікацій і їх складових в МО та ЗС України.
Інституційна модель системи оборони України
Authors: Лобко М. , Фучко A. , Копистира В.
Published: June 2021

Вивчення досвіду відсічі збройної агресії Російської Федерації (РФ) проти України показало, що існуюча система оборони не в повній мірі забезпечила виконання завдань оборони. В результаті збройної агресії Росією був анексований і тимчасово окупований Крим та частка території Донецької і Луганської областей. Отож, виникла нагальна потреба у суттєвому оновленні діючої системи оборони та формуванні перспективної її моделі, основаної на принципах і стандартах НАТО.

Сформована модель є відповідним структурно-описовим обрисом, що утворює сукупний образ, загальний вигляд системи оборони. Вона надає уявлення про систему оборони, її призначення, склад та структуру, розкриває характер та ті чи інші властивості. Сформована модель надає можливість досліджувати систему оборони, проводити певні експерименти, вносити необхідні зміни, уточнення, вдосконалювати та формувати її перспективну модель.

Інституційність моделі системи оборони полягає в тому, що основні її складові, їх повноваження, функції і завдання у сфері оборони встановлені положеннями вітчизняного законодавства, вона будувалась і вдосконалювалась у залежності від зміни світових геополітичних процесів, безпекового середовища, розвитку воєнно-політичної, воєнно-стратегічної обстановки довкола України, зростання загроз у воєнній сфері, збільшення обсягу завдань оборони та їх важливості.

За функціональною ознакою інституційну модель системи оборони України можна умовно розділити за відповідними компонентами – керуючий, виконавчий та забезпечуючий.
Шляхи удосконалення тестування спеціального програмного забезпечення інформаційної системи управління оборонними ресурсами на етапі експлуатації
Authors: Руденська Г.
Published: June 2021

З ростом ролі сучасних інформаційних систем (ІС) зростає складність спеціального програмного забезпечення (СПЗ) та підвищується ймовірність його уразливості. Експлуатація DRMIS, яка побудована на СПЗ з уразливістю може мати такі наслідки, як отримання доступу до конфіденційної інформації неавторизованими користувачами, порушення режиму функціонування та інші.

Метою статті є аналіз процедур тестування та виявлення уразливості СПЗ з метою підвищення рівня безпеки експлуатації DRMIS.

Тестування СПЗ DRMIS з метою виявлення уразливості включає три послідовні етапи: виявлення потенційної уразливості СПЗ і оцінювання можливості їх реалізації методом моделювання кібератак різного призначення; виявлення та реагування на інциденти, які пов’язані з проведеними кібератаками; ліквідація наслідків успішних кібератак. В процесі тестування СПЗ DRMIS встановлені наступні причини виникнення уразливості СПЗ DRMIS:

низький рівень менеджменту розробника;

критична структурна складність СПЗ DRMIS;

відсутність доступу до вихідного коду СПЗ;

недоліки проєктування, помилки програмування, ненадійні паролі, віруси та інші шкідливі програми;

розширення спектру навмисних загроз;

недостатня результативність формальних методів аналізу і тестування;

використання розробниками послуг краудсорсингу, проведення відкритих конкурсів по виявленню уразливості в СПЗ;

протиріччями між вимогами по колаборативній сертифікації і вимогами міжнародних стандартів;

використання програмної продукції, яка пройшла сертифікацію в Китаї і Росії;

політика імпортозаміщення і обмежень щодо використання імпортного СПЗ;

дискредитація міжнародної системи технічного та правового регулювання інформаційної та кібербезпеки.

Надійна експлуатація DRMIS передбачає, що ІС розроблена з урахуванням процедур, які дозволяють знизити рівень уразливості, а в разі їх виявлення оперативно доопрацювати СПЗ.
HOW TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT SUPERVISOR FOR THE PhD THESIS?
Authors: Kubiatko Milan
Published: June 2021

I would like to thank the editor for the place and possibility to write a brief contribution to the problematic of supervisors. I know it is possible to write about this topic more than one page. Here, only a very short kind of information is presented toward this problem and maybe in the future, it will be possible to read more about this.
The right supervisor is one of the most important persons in the life of a PhD student. This cooperation aims to the quality of work (about the quality, I do not want to write, because this concept is very abstract and in the eyes of every person it means something else), next it influences the awareness, what the research work means. This relationship has an influence on the future life of students, as personal to work. We will be talking about the work life of the student. We can meet different types of supervisors, probably the worst one is the one, who has got students only for his own benefit (financial support – it depends on the country; the necessity for the next academic degree; publication purposes; students’ work on the department; etc.). In this case students are dependent on their own skills and help from the others, except the supervisor.
THEORETICAL EXPLANATION OF THE IMPLICATIONS OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS THEORY FOR TEACHING SCIENCE
Authors: Bazghandi Parvin , Zarghami-Hamrah Saeid , Ghaedi Yahya , Mahmudnia Alireza , Noaparast Khosrow Bagheri
Published: June 2021

The present study seeks to explain the implications of triple levels of the complex systems theory, as a theory about nature, science, and education, for teaching science. The study has been conducted within a philosophical approach. On the first level, the characteristics of complex systems theory about nature including: top-down character, non-linear interactions, emergence, irreversibility, self-organization, modularity, hierarchy, adaptation and bifurcation are explained. In this regard the point to be mentioned is that the teachers could facilitate the students' understanding from the fundamental features of nature by offering diverse and suitable examples. On the second level, the complex systems theory mainly addresses the nature and methodology of science. Regarding the nature of science, scientific knowledge is defined as condition-structured knowledge and regarding the methodology of science, this theory highlights the features including condition-dependent generalisation, condition-dependent laws, condition-dependent explanation, condition-dependent confirmation, and the limitations of model-centered confirmation. The implications from this level of complex systems theory for teaching science encourage the teachers to clarify the methodology of science for the students. Regarding the third level, Complex systems theory orients attentions toward dynamic, complicated, and integrated levels, including the neurological, the experiential, the contextual/material, the symbolic, the cultural, and the ecological levels of education. So teachers might explain the basic features of the natural events through non-linear and holistic methods in teaching science.
PARTNERSHIPS: A SYSTEMIC STUDY OF TWO PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENTS WITH UNIVERSITY FACULTY AND K-12 TEACHERS OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS
Authors: Burrows Andrea C.
Published: June 2021

While it can take different forms, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) K-12 teacher professional development (PD) is important around the world. Though all stakeholders play critical roles in PDs, the author focuses on the larger system that supports the PDs. As such, this research study focuses on the PD results, but also on the explanation of the systemic nature of the PDs studied. Partnerships, including building of relationships, are explored in that system. In this mixed methods study of two K-12 teacher PDs (n=31 and 19 total PD days), conducted in the western United States, the author utilizes quantitative and qualitative data collection methods to reinforce quality PD practices and suggested strategies. Results indicate that 90% of the K-12 teachers were highly engaged in the STEM content and partnership building. Pre to post K-12 teacher perception scores regarding astronomy use in STEM content courses showed noteworthy improvement from 16% to 84%. Furthermore, K-12 teacher perceptions regarding creation of partnerships and collaborations rose from 26% to 90%. Other findings showcase themes of reflection, collaboration, STEM integration, and inquiry as well as a need for partnership building time. Overall, when the K-12 teachers worked together in a structured PD over an academic year (2014-2015) for a selection of 19 days (13 summer days and 6 Saturdays during the academic year) partnerships were formed and provided added organization for the PD system. Faculty/PD team communications and continuous K-12 teacher support were also critical factors for systemic PD success. Access to K-12 teacher created lesson plans that use astronomy as a vehicle for STEM lessons can be accessed free of charge at the following websites: http://physics.uwyo.edu/~mike/workshop/index.html and http://www.physics.uwyo.edu/~aschwortz/LASSI/ Key words: teacher professional development, systemic nature, partnership, reflection, inquiry.
Update on clinical, imaging, and therapeutic aspects of kissing molars: A systematic review
Authors: Evangelista Ícaro Girão , Soares Eduardo Costa Studart , Barbosa Daniel Almeida Ferreira , Carneiro Neto José Nunes , Cetira Filho Edson Luiz , Carvalho Francisco Samuel Rodrigues , Silva Paulo Goberlânio de Barros , Costa Fábio Wildson Gurgel
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The Kissing Molar (KM) is defined by two or more lower posterior teeth in contact with the occlusal surfaces and the roots in opposite directions. Purpose: This study aimed to review epidemiological, clinical, and imaging aspects related to Kissing Molars. Methods: A two-phase systematic review registered in the PROSPERO platform was performed. Search strategies were developed for specific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo, and LILACS), including the gray literature (Open Grey and Google Scholar). The CARE guideline was followed to evaluate methodological aspects, and the Joanna Briggs Institute instrument (MAStARI) assessed the risk of bias. Statistical analysis considered a 5% level of significance. Results: The initial search strategy resulted in 564 articles. From this total, 21 studies (case reports and case series) meet the eligibility criteria. The main aspects associated with KMs (n=32) were laterality difference between males and females (p=0.028), report of mental retardation (p=0.023), the involvement of second (p=0.036) and third (p<0.001) molars, surgical intervention (p<0.001) associating ostectomy and odontossection (p=0.028), and low occurrence of postoperative complications (p=0.002). Conclusion: A low number of KMs were reported in the literature. They showed statistically significant differences regarding epidemiological, clinical, imaging, and therapeutic characteristics. Thus, dental surgeons would consider these aspects before the treatment of patients with KMs.
Análise do desempenho da aptidão física relacionada à saúde em escolares praticantes de musculação
Authors: Pereira Rayssa Camurça , Pinto Nilson Vieira
Published: June 2021

A musculação, embora não seja uma modalidade comumente aplicada na escola, tem se tornado uma atraente estratégia pedagógica capaz de promover a saúde e estimular os seus praticantes a adotarem um estilo de vida saudável. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a aptidão física relacionada à saúde em escolares praticantes de musculação. A amostra foi composta por 132 adolescentes matriculados nas turmas de musculação em uma escola pública do Ceará. A aptidão física relacionada à saúde foi avaliada através da coleta dos dados antropométricos, de composição corporal, dos níveis de flexibilidade, resistência abdominal e aptidão aeróbica, antes e após o período letivo. Os resultados evidenciaram um aumento dos níveis de flexibilidade (26,55±9,87 vs. 27,43±9,6), resistência abdominal (34,88±8,21 vs. 46,38±8,1) e resistência aeróbica (717,9±68,23 vs. 734,96±62,37), entretanto, este incremento não foi capaz de classificá-los fora da zona de risco à saúde cardiovascular. Em conclusão, a prática de musculação ampliou os parâmetros da aptidão física relacionada á saúde, especialmente musculoesquelética, porém, revelou a necessidade de uma melhor sistematização no treinamento aeróbico com vistas à melhora da saúde cardiovascular destes escolares.
Macrofauna edáfica como bioindicadora da qualidade do solo em diferentes sistemas de manejo
Authors: Coelho Virgínia Oliveira , Ribeiro Neto Aureo , Anhê Ana Carolina Borella Marfil , Lima Sandra Santana de , Vieira Dinamar Márcia da Silva , Loss Arcângelo , Torres José Luiz Rodrigues
Published: June 2021

Soil management systems can alter the soil fauna compound by organisms of high sensibility to the agricultural practices, especially those practices that interfere with the soil structure. Thus, this study's objective was to evaluate the diversity of soil macrofauna at different soil depths and management systems. A 4×3 factorial scheme [four soil managements: 1- no-tillage system (NTS) implemented 6 years ago (NTS6), 2- NTS for 17 years (NTS17), 3- conventional planting system (tillage) for 20 years (CTS) and 4- native forest for 20 years (NF20); three soil depths: 0-0.1; 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.3 m] was set in a completely randomized design with five replications in an area of the Cerrado biome. The monolith method was used to sample the macrofauna from the litter and soil, where the number of individuals, total richness (TR), Shannon (SI) and Pielou (PI) indexes were quantified. TR values at a depth of 0-0.3 m were higher in the NTS6 and NTS17. The highest densities of individuals and TR occurred in the litter of NTS6. In the NTS17, at 0-0.1 m, the highest TR, SI and PI were recorded among the management systems. The TR, SI, PI values and the analysis of vertical distribution by Cluster, demonstrated that NTS areas are similar to the NF20 at all soil depths evaluated. The NTS areas presented the highest macrofauna indexes compared the CTS.
A importância da enfermagem no pós-operatório de mulheres mastectomizadas com dissecção de linfonodos axilares: revisão integrativa
Authors: Silva Carolina Hamid Handar Crizanto da , Cunha Thayná Anselmo de Araújo , Dantas Carolina Siqueira , Jesus Claudemir Santos de
Published: June 2021

O estudo tem por objetivo reconhecer a importância do enfermeiro no período pós-operatório para auxiliar mulheres na reabilitação da mastectomia com dissecção dos linfonodos axilares. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, que se deu por um levantamento na base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, onde encontram-se disponíveis dados da LILACS, SciELO, Bdenf, entre outros. Diante da análise dos dados coletados, aplicando-se os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, emergiram-se as categorias: A enfermagem nas recomendações a mulheres com déficit de conhecimento submetidas a mastectomia e Acolhimento a mulheres com distúrbio de imagem corporal. Observou-se que os cuidados realizados pela equipe de enfermagem em mulheres no período de reabilitação pós-mastectomia, proporcionam grandes benefícios quando empregados em conjunto a ações educativas, orientação e escuta ativa. Além disso, a rede de apoio - amigos, familiares e profissionais de saúde - é de fundamental importância na aceitação da autoimagem e aderência a recuperação pós-operatória.
Desafios dos profissionais de enfermagem frente a pandemia do coronavírus sars-cov2
Authors: Nascimento Ana Maria Ferreira do , Rêgo Isamara Ferreira Souza , Viana Magda Rogéria Pereira
Published: June 2021

O novo Coronavírus (COVID-19) constitui uma Emergência de Saúde Pública de Importância Internacional – o mais alto nível de alerta da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Os profissionais da enfermagem têm enfrentado rotineiramente precarização no processo de trabalho e inúmeros problemas no sistema de saúde. O objetivo desse estudo foi objetivo analisar as evidências das publicações científicas acerca dos desafios dos profissionais de enfermagem frente à pandemia do Coronavírus SARS-COV2. Utilizou-se a revisão integrativa, em que 10 artigos científicos disponibilizados na íntegra, nos últimos 5 anos, selecionados na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, compuseram a amostra analisada. Os resultados evidenciaram os desafios enfrentados pela enfermagem frente o contexto pandêmico em questão. Mediante a isso pode-se concluir que os profissionais de enfermagem sempre foram desafiados ao longo do tempo e com a chegada da pandemia pelo Coronavírus SARS-COV2 esses desafios tomaram proporções inimagináveis.
A atividade espasmolítica do óleo essencial obtido de Lippia microphylla Cham. (Verbenaceae) é mediada pela modulação da sinalização do cálcio em modelos animais e celulares
Authors: Oliveira Gislaine Alves de , Pereira Joedna Cavalcante , Martins Italo Rossi Roseno , Correia Ana Carolina de Carvalho , Travassos Rafael de Almeida , Silva Maria da Conceição Correia , Souza Iara Leão Luna de , Tavares Josean Fechine , Paredes-Gamero Edgar Julian , Silva Bagnólia Araújo da
Published: June 2021

As espécies do gênero Lippia (Verbenaceae) são amplamente usadas na medicina tradicional no tratamento de desordens respiratórias e gastrointestinais. Neste estudo, avaliou-se o efeito relaxante do óleo essencial obtido de Lippia microphylla Cham. (LM‑EO) e seus componentes majoritários em íleo isolado de cobaias bem como elucidou‑se os mecanismos envolvidos. LM-EO inibiu as contrações fásicas e relaxou as tônicas induzidas por vários agentes contráteis em íleo de cobaia. Resultados semelhantes foram observados nos protocolos utilizando-se timol e carvacrol, os componentes majoritários de LM-EO. O bloqueio dos canais de cálcio dependentes de voltagem (CaV) foi sugerido uma vez que LM-EO deslocou para a direita e de maneira não paralela as contrações cumulativas induzidas por CaCl2 e confirmou-se quando LM-EO relaxou o íleo pré-contraído por S‑(‑)‑Bay K8644, um agonista seletivo dos CaV. Na camada muscular circular do íleo, LM-EO inibiu as contrações fásicas, sendo equipotente em relação aos efeitos no íleo íntegro. No miócitos isolados da camada longitudinal do íleo, LM-EO reduziu a intensidade da fluorescência induzida por histamina, semelhantemente ao verapamil (bloqueador CaV), indicando uma redução na concentração citosólica de cálcio ([Ca2+]c). Dessa forma, LM-EO apresenta uma atividade espasmolítica em íleo de cobaia pelo bloqueio dos CaV e consequente redução da [Ca2+]c. Esses resultados demostram-se como uma justificativa para o uso de L. microphylla como um produto terapêutico nas desordens intestinais.
Desvelando ideias socioambientais no Judiciário brasileiro
Authors: Costa Erica de Sousa , Vaz Ana Paula de Melo e Silva
Published: June 2021

A pesquisa discorre acerca da Responsabilidade Socioambiental com base na Resolução nº 198/2014, do Conselho Nacional de Justiça, que disciplina sobre o Planejamento e a Gestão Estratégica no âmbito do Poder Judiciário, período 2015/2020. Objetiva analisar esse documento com foco na Responsabilidade Socioambiental. É uma pesquisa exploratória, balizada na abordagem qualitativa, que conjuga o procedimento bibliográfico e documental. No presente trabalho, são discutidas ideias socioambientais que retratam a Responsabilidade Socioambiental no cenário do Judiciário brasileiro, em uma retrospectiva com o recorte temporal do sexênio 2015/2020, com base nas instituições:  Tribunal de Justiça do Acre (TJAC), Tribunal de Justiça do Maranhão (TJMA) e o Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ). Conclui-se que, consoante a resolução esquadrinhada, a Responsabilidade Socioambiental é concebida como um dos atributos de valor do Judiciário para a sociedade. Infere-se ainda, na linha de estudos perquirida, que as ideias socioambientais demarcadas na investigação, criadas ou aperfeiçoada no sexênio 2015/2020, ensejam uma concepção que aponta para a promoção da sustentabilidade.
Tratamento Endodôntico em Pacientes Submetidos a Radioterapia: Revisão de Literatura
Authors: Araújo Diogo Alves de , Martins Victor da Mota , Carvalho Bruno Fontenele
Published: June 2021

A prevalência do câncer de cabeça e pescoço vem aumentando cada vez mais e está associado a dor, desfiguração, disfunção, sofrimento psicossocial e morte. Dentre as formas de tratamento existem a radioterapia, quimioterapia, cirurgia, assim como sua combinação. Uma das maiores complicações da radioterapia é a osteorradionecrose. Apresenta xerostomia, e consequentemente cáries por radiação, que aparecem devido a uma alteração na microbiota oral, criando um ambiente mais ácido. Esses micro-organismos causam uma inflamação no interior do dente que posteriormente evolui para uma necrose pulpar. Com isto, o objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma revisão na literatura que evidencie como realizar um tratamento endodôntico atraumático, destacando a conduta para tratamento endodôntico em pacientes oncológicos e como evitar a osteoradionecrose dos maxilares. Foram utilizadas estratégias de busca em cinco bases de dados: PubMed; Cochrane; LILACS; Web of Science; e Scopus, com as palavras chave: “head neck cancer”, “root canal therapy”, “endodontic treatment”. O principal motivo para realizar o tratamento endodôntico é o fato de conseguir-se realizar um tratamento mais conservador sendo uma alternativa para evitar a extração do dente e diminuir a possibilidade de causar osteonecrose. Em pacientes que estão na fase de pré tratamento radioterápico, o protocolo sugere a realização de um tratamento normal. Nas fases durante e pós tratamento por irradiação, a limpeza dos canais deve ser atraumática. Se um dente possuir estrutura suficiente, compatível com um bom prognóstico de reabilitação, porém com uma lesão inflamatória ou uma inflamação pulpar irreversível, o tratamento endodôntico é o ideal.
Atendimento e manejo de pacientes queimados: Revisão integrativa
Authors: Cavalcante Igor dos Santos , Lopes Maria Simone , Mendes João Pedro Sousa , Techi Lucas de Carvalho , Lima Danilo Andrade , Oliveira Jocerone Emerson Nogueira , Barbosa Danielle Laís Lópes , Barros Ytallo Samuel Oliveira , Fontenelle Ludmilla Figueiredo do vale , Santos Lúcia Maria de Sousa Aguiar dos , Teixeira Pedro Marcos Gomes
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: descrever as condutas adequadas para o manejo de pacientes queimados, de acordo com o nível de assistência (pré-hospitalar ou hospitalar), a gravidade e as particularidades no atendimento. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura de artigos completos disponíveis nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO e MEDLINE, utilizando como descritores “Queimaduras”, “Unidades de Queimados” e “Primeiros socorros”, publicados entre os anos de 2010 e 2020. Após análise crítica, foram selecionados 8 artigos de acordo com os critérios de inclusão, que compuseram a amostra final do estudo. Resultados: O atendimento adequado ao paciente vítima de queimadura deve seguir protocolos rígidos e pré-estabelecidos, destacando-se os cuidados pré-hospitalares com a lesão, de acordo com o tipo de queimadura ocorrida, assim como deve prosseguir com o tratamento de uma equipe multiprofissional, respeitando-se as particularidades na conduta dos casos de populações especiais. Conclusão: O manejo de pacientes queimados exige habilidades, conhecimentos e avaliação clínica específicos para a evolução de melhor prognóstico.
Terapia nutricionais nas doenças inflamatórias intestinais: Doença de Crohn e Retocolite Ulcerativa
Authors: Santos Amanda Luizy Camara , Dias Bianca Christina de Oliveira , Silva Klines Alves da , Ferreira José Carlos de Sales
Published: June 2021

A terapia nutricional nas doenças inflamatórias intestinais vem se consolidando ao longo do tempo como um tratamento bastante eficaz e que tem como base uma dieta que vise combater essas patologias. Os meios nutricionais empregados obedecem aos critérios bem estruturados de acordo com os conhecimentos científicos adquiridos no extenso histórico de pesquisa desses aspectos da saúde dos indivíduos. O presente artigo ao tentar esclarecer esses benefícios, parte do pressuposto de que a incidência dessas enfermidades está altíssima e que para o seu devido tratamento, faz-se necessário uma gama maior de metodologias, dentre as quais destaca-se a terapia nutricional. Nas doenças inflamatórias crônicas as doenças inflamatórias intestinais estão classificadas como as de causas desconhecidas. Acredita-se que surjam da interação de quatro fatores fundamentais: ambiental, genético microbiano e imunológico.  Essas doenças causam um grande impacto sobre a qualidade de vida do paciente, que é marcada por uma sobrecarga de terapias, hospitalizações e cirurgias.
Atuação da fisioterapia na redução do quadro álgico em gestantes com lombalgia: Uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Santos Cleanne Viana dos , Costa Erika Raissa Pereira , Paz Francisco Adalberto do Nascimento
Published: June 2021

A dor lombar relacionada a gestação não alega etiologia bem determinada. A lombalgia é frequente na gravidez, principalmente durante o terceiro semestre de gestação, pois é um período em que há uma maior alteração fisiológica e anatômica no corpo da gestante. O estudo objetivou buscar na literatura evidências sobre a atuação e efetividade da fisioterapia na redução do quadro álgico em gestantes com lombalgia. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática nas seguintes bases de dados: SCIELO, biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PUBMED e PEDro, usando os descritores Fisioterapia, Gestação, Dor Lombar; Gravidez; sendo inclusos artigos completos, disponíveis em português, inglês ou espanhol, publicados entre 2010 e 2020. Após análise criteriosa dos resultados obtidos, foram selecionados 10 artigos para a confecção da pesquisa. Foi possível observar que os autores focaram principalmente a respeito de exercícios para a dor lombar, seguido da estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea (TENS), para analgesia. Conclui-se que esse estudo demonstrou que a fisioterapia pode ser realizada em pacientes gestantes com lombalgia de forma segura e eficaz. Destaca-se a necessidade de mais estudos na área, como ensaios clínicos, que forneçam mais evidências sobre a atuação da fisioterapia em gestantes com lombalgia, bem como a realização de estudos nacionais, tendo em vista que a grande maioria dos estudos são internacionais.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY: IMPACT OF PANDEMIC ON PHARMACEUTICAL SECTORS ACROSS THE GLOBE
Authors: Bilimoria Tanaz , Bilimoria Tanaz , Bilimoria Tanaz , Bilimoria Tanaz
Published: June 2021

The following paper analyses the
comprehensive impact of COVID-19 as a pandemic on the
pharmaceutical sector, by analyzing the effect on indices of
3 countries that were similarly hit. The various indices
selected move based on the underlying stocks giving a
comprehensive view on the pharma sectors of India, U.S.
and U.K. The general assumption would be that the
pharmaceutical sector would react to favourable news.
However, this is not what we inferred for the countries we
researched on for each announcement. The news events
taken into consideration include WHO announcing
COVID-19 as a pandemic, Oxford University announcing
the resuming of trials and the last is the comprehensive
effect of the two aforementioned news announcements.
The data collected is based on 30 market days before and
after the news announcements ranging from 28th January
2020 to 26th October 2020 for the 3 pharma indices
respectively. Paired t-test and ANOVA are used to analyze
the impact of announcement and degree of variance
between the countries for each announcement considered.
The various indices of impacted countries showed different
reactions to the announcements. None of the countries
showed any significant similarity among themselves with
respect to the indices.
Metformin in COVID-19 Therapy in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Benefit or Harm?
Authors: Aitbaev K. , Mamutova S. , Murkamilov I. , Fomin V. , Kudaibergenova I. , Murkamilova Zh. , Yusupov F.
Published: June 2021

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common comorbidities among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which can complicate the course of this new viral infection. In turn, metformin is an antihyperglycemic drug with an immunomodulatory effect that relieves severe inflammation and reduces damage to lung tissue. This review aims to summarize the data available in the literature on the possibility of using metformin, its effectiveness and mechanisms of action in the treatment of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Heidegger at Heart
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: June 2021

‘It is at the heart of Heidegger that he sought to operate (and to operate, perhaps, in the surgical sense, as if he had done open-heart surgery on Heidegger to replace a valve or do a bypass, unless he performed a transplant, sliding in his own heart in place of Heidegger's). At his heart, the closest, the most intimate and, at the same time, not so as to keep his distance but rather so as to inscribe this distance within proximity.’
Three Timely Untimelies: Heidegger and Derrida on Nietzsche's Second Untimely Meditation
Authors: Krell David Farrell
Published: June 2021

The essay reflects on Nietzsche's second Untimely Meditation, ‘On the Use and Disadvantage of the Study of History for Life’, especially as Heidegger reads it in section 76 of Being and Time and as Derrida reads Heidegger's reading of it. Derrida's concludes his first seminar on Heidegger, Heidegger: la question de l’Être et l'Histoire; Cours de l'ENS-Ulm 1964–1965, by reflecting on Heidegger as a Nietzschean antiquarian.
Targeting microRNAs to Regulate the Integrity of the Blood–Brain Barrier
Authors: Wang Juntao , Xu Fang , Zhu Xiaoming , Li Xianghua , Li Yankun , Li Jia
Published: June 2021

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly specialized neurovascular unit that protects the brain from potentially harmful substances. In addition, the BBB also engages in the exchange of essential nutrients between the vasculature and brain parenchyma, which is critical for brain homeostasis. Brain diseases, including neurological disorders and cerebrovascular diseases, are often associated with disrupted BBB integrity, evidenced by increased permeability. Therefore, defining the mechanisms underlying the regulation of BBB integrity is crucial for the development of novel therapeutics targeting brain diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNA), a type of small non-coding RNAs, are emerging as an important regulator of BBB integrity. Here we review recent developments related to the role of miRNAs in regulating BBB integrity.
Bioreactor Suspension Culture: Differentiation and Production of Cardiomyocyte Spheroids From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Kahn-Krell Asher , Pretorius Danielle , Ou Jianfa , Fast Vladimir G. , Litovsky Silvio , Berry Joel , Liu Xiaoguang (Margaret) , Zhang Jianyi
Published: June 2021

Human induced-pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be efficiently differentiated into cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) via the GiWi method, which uses small-molecule inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) and tankyrase to first activate and then suppress Wnt signaling. However, this method is typically conducted in 6-well culture plates with two-dimensional (2D) cell sheets, and consequently, cannot be easily scaled to produce the large numbers of hiPSC-CMs needed for clinical applications. Cell suspensions are more suitable than 2D systems for commercial biomanufacturing, and suspended hiPSCs form free-floating aggregates (i.e., spheroids) that can also be differentiated into hiPSC-CMs. Here, we introduce a protocol for differentiating suspensions of hiPSC spheroids into cardiomyocytes that is based on the GiWi method. After optimization based on cardiac troponin T staining, the purity of hiPSC-CMs differentiated via our novel protocol exceeded 98% with yields of about 1.5 million hiPSC-CMs/mL and less between-batch purity variability than hiPSC-CMs produced in 2D cultures; furthermore, the culture volume could be increased ∼10-fold to 30 mL with no need for re-optimization, which suggests that this method can serve as a framework for large-scale hiPSC-CM production.
Comparative Epigenomics Reveals Host Diversity of the Trichinella Epigenomes and Their Effects on Differential Parasitism
Authors: Feng Yayan , Liu Xiaolei , Liu Yuqi , Tang Bin , Bai Xue , Li Chen , Wang Xuelin , Deng Yiqun , Gao Fei , Liu Mingyuan
Published: June 2021

Comparative epigenomics provides new insights on evolutionary biology in relation with complex interactions between species and their environments. In the present study, we focus on deciphering the conservation and divergence of DNA methylomes during Trichinella evolution. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and RNA-seq were performed on the two clades of Trichinella species, in addition to whole-genome sequencing. We demonstrate that methylation patterns of sing-copy orthologous genes (SCOs) of the 12 Trichinella species are host-related and can mirror known phylogenetic relationships. Among these SCOs, we identify a panel of genes exhibiting hyper-/hypo-methylated features in gene-bodies or respective promoters that play pivotal roles in transcriptome regulation. These hyper-/hypo-methylated SCOs are also of functional significance across developmental stages, as they are highly enriched species-specific and stage-specific expressed genes both in Ad and ML stages. We further identify a set of parasitism-related functional genes that exhibit host-related differential methylation and expression among those SCOs, including p53-like transcription factor and Cdc37 that are of functional significance for elucidating differential parasitology between the two clades of Trichinella. This comparative epigenome study can help to decipher the environmental effects on differential adaptation and parasitism of the genus Trichinella.
COVID-19: Lung-Centric Immunothrombosis
Authors: Kvietys Peter R. , Fakhoury Hana. M. A. , Kadan Sana , Yaqinuddin Ahmed , Al-Mutairy Eid , Al-Kattan Khaled
Published: June 2021

The respiratory tract is the major site of infection by SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. The pulmonary infection can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and ultimately, death. An excessive innate immune response plays a major role in the development of ARDS in COVID-19 patients. In this scenario, activation of lung epithelia and resident macrophages by the virus results in local cytokine production and recruitment of neutrophils. Activated neutrophils extrude a web of DNA-based cytoplasmic material containing antimicrobials referred to as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). While NETs are a defensive strategy against invading microbes, they can also serve as a nidus for accumulation of activated platelets and coagulation factors, forming thrombi. This immunothrombosis can result in occlusion of blood vessels leading to ischemic damage. Herein we address evidence in favor of a lung-centric immunothrombosis and suggest a lung-centric therapeutic approach to the ARDS of COVID-19.
Phage vB_PaeS-PAJD-1 Rescues Murine Mastitis Infected With Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Wang Zhaofei , Xue Yibing , Gao Ya , Guo Mengting , Liu Yuanping , Zou Xinwei , Cheng Yuqiang , Ma Jingjiao , Wang Hengan , Sun Jianhe , Yan Yaxian
Published: June 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative pathogen that causes a variety of infections in humans and animals. Due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics, multi-drug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa strains have emerged and are prevailing. In recent years, cow mastitis caused by MDR P. aeruginosa has attracted attention. In this study, a microbial community analysis revealed that P. aeruginosa could be a cause of pathogen-induced cow mastitis. Five MDR P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from milk diagnosed as mastitis positive. To seek an alternative antibacterial agent against MDR, P. aeruginosa, a lytic phage, designated vB_PaeS_PAJD-1 (PAJD-1), was isolated from dairy farm sewage. PAJD-1 was morphologically classified as Siphoviridae and was estimated to be about 57.9 kb. Phage PAJD-1 showed broad host ranges and a strong lytic ability. A one-step growth curve analysis showed a relatively short latency period (20 min) and a relatively high burst size (223 PFU per infected cell). Phage PAJD-1 remained stable over wide temperature and pH ranges. Intramammary-administered PAJD-1 reduced bacterial concentrations and repaired mammary glands in mice with mastitis induced by MDR P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, the cell wall hydrolase (termed endolysin) from phage PAJD-1 exhibited a strong bacteriolytic and a wide antibacterial spectrum against MDR P. aeruginosa. These findings present phage PAJD-1 as a candidate for phagotherapy against MDR P. aeruginosa infection.
Left Ventricular Remodeling and Myocardial Work: Results From the Population-Based STAAB Cohort Study
Authors: Sahiti Floran , Morbach Caroline , Cejka Vladimir , Albert Judith , Eichner Felizitas A. , Gelbrich Götz , Heuschmann Peter U. , Störk Stefan
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Left ventricular (LV) dilatation and LV hypertrophy are acknowledged precursors of myocardial dysfunction and ultimately of heart failure, but the implications of abnormal LV geometry on myocardial function are not well-understood. Non-invasive LV myocardial work (MyW) assessment based on echocardiography-derived pressure-strain loops offers the opportunity to study detailed myocardial function in larger cohorts. We aimed to assess the relationship of LV geometry with MyW indices in general population free from heart failure.

Methods and Results: We report cross-sectional baseline data from the Characteristics and Course of Heart Failure Stages A-B and Determinants of Progression (STAAB) cohort study investigating a representative sample of the general population of Würzburg, Germany, aged 30–79 years. MyW analysis was performed in 1,926 individuals who were in sinus rhythm and free from valvular disease (49.3% female, 54 ± 12 years). In multivariable regression, higher LV volume was associated with higher global wasted work (GWW) (+0.5 mmHg% per mL/m2, p < 0.001) and lower global work efficiency (GWE) (−0.02% per mL/m2, p < 0.01), while higher LV mass was associated with higher GWW (+0.45 mmHg% per g/m2, p < 0.001) and global constructive work (GCW) (+2.05 mmHg% per g/m2, p < 0.01) and lower GWE (−0.015% per g/m2, p < 0.001). This was dominated by the blood pressure level and also observed in participants with normal LV geometry and concomitant hypertension.

Conclusion: Abnormal LV geometric profiles were associated with a higher amount of wasted work, which translated into reduced work efficiency. The pattern of a disproportionate increase in GWW with higher LV mass might be an early sign of hypertensive heart disease.
SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Induces Degradation of Junctional Proteins That Maintain Endothelial Barrier Integrity
Authors: Raghavan Somasundaram , Kenchappa Divya Borsandra , Leo M. Dennis
Published: June 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses the Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor present on the cell surface to enter cells. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 is present in many cell types including endothelial cells, where it functions to protect against oxidative damage. There is growing evidence to suggest that coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients exhibit a wide range of post-recovery symptoms and shows signs related to cardiovascular and specifically, endothelial damage. We hypothesized that these vascular symptoms might be associated with disrupted endothelial barrier integrity. This was investigatedin vitrousing endothelial cell culture and recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 Receptor-Binding Domain (Spike). Mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells from normal (C57BL/6 mice) and diabetic (db/db) mice were used. An endothelial transwell permeability assay revealed increased permeability in diabetic cells as well as after Spike treatment. The expression of VE-Cadherin, an endothelial adherens junction protein, JAM-A, a tight junctional protein, Connexin-43, a gap junctional protein, and PECAM-1, were all decreased significantly after Spike treatment in control and to a greater extent, in diabetic cells. In control cells, Spike treatment increased association of endothelial junctional proteins with Rab5a, a mediator of the endocytic trafficking compartment. In cerebral arteries isolated from control and diabetic animals, Spike protein had a greater effect in downregulating expression of endothelial junctional proteins in arteries from diabetic animals than from control animals. In conclusion, these experiments reveal that Spike-induced degradation of endothelial junctional proteins affects endothelial barrier function and is the likely cause of vascular damage observed in COVID-19 affected individuals.
Circ_0040039 May Aggravate Intervertebral Disk Degeneration by Regulating the MiR-874-3p-ESR1 Pathway
Authors: Li Yongjin , Wang Xuke , Xu Haiwei , Li Guowang , Huo Zhenxin , Du Lilong , Zhang Kaihui , Shen Li , Li Hao , Xu Baoshan
Published: June 2021

The functional alteration of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) exerts a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD). Circular RNAs and microRNAs (miRs) are critical regulators of NPC metabolic processes such as growth and apoptosis. In this study, bioinformatics tools, encompassing Gene Ontology pathway and Venn diagrams analysis, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction were used to identify functional molecules related to IDD. PPI network unveiled that ESR1 was one of the most critical genes in IDD. Then, a key IDD-related circ_0040039-miR-874-3p-ESR1 interaction network was predicted and constructed. Circ_0040039 promoted miR-874-3p and repressed ESR1 expression, and miR-874-3p repressed ESR1 expression in NPCs, suggesting ESR1 might be a direct target of miR-874-3p. Functionally, circ_0040039 could enhance NPC apoptosis and inhibit NPC growth, revealing that circ_0040039 might aggravate IDD by stabilizing miR-874-3p and further upregulating the miR-874-3p-ESR1 pathway. This signaling pathway might provide a novel therapeutic strategy and targets for the diagnosis and therapy of IDD-related diseases.
The Clinical Features of FLAIR-Hyperintense Lesions in Anti-MOG Antibody Associated Cerebral Cortical Encephalitis with Seizures: Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Wang Yun-feng , Liu Xue-wu , Lin Jian-ming , Liang Ji-ye , Zhao Xiu-he , Wang Sheng-jun
Published: June 2021

Background

The presence of fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)-hyperintense lesions in anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated cerebral cortical encephalitis with seizures (FLAMCES) was recently reported. However, the clinical characteristics and outcome of this rare clinico-radiographic syndrome remain unclear.

Methods

The present study reported two new cases. In addition, cases in the literature were systematically reviewed to investigate the clinical symptoms, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities, treatments and prognosis for this rare clinico-radiographic syndrome.

Results

A total of 21 cases were identified during a literature review, with a mean patient age at onset of 26.8 years. The primary clinicopathological characteristics included seizures (100%), headache (71.4%), fever (52.3%) and other cortical symptoms associated with the encephalitis location (61.9%). The common seizure types were focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (28.6%) and unknown-onset tonic-clonic seizures (38.1%). The cortical abnormalities on MRI FLAIR imaging were commonly located in the frontal (58.8%), parietal (70.6%) and temporal (64.7%) lobes. In addition, pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid was reported in the majority of the patients (95.2%). All patients received a treatment regimen of corticosteroids and 9 patients received anti-epileptic drugs. Clinical improvement was achieved in all patients; however, one-third of the patients reported relapse following recovery from cortical encephalitis.

Conclusions

FLAMCES is a rare phenotype of MOG-associated disease. Thus, the wider recognition of this rare syndrome may enable timely diagnosis and the development of suitable treatment regimens.
Mini Review: Virus Interference: History, Types and Occurrence in Crustaceans
Authors: Escobedo-Bonilla César Marcial
Published: June 2021

Virus interference is a phenomenon in which two viruses interact within a host, affecting the outcome of infection of at least one of such viruses. The effect of this event was first observed in the XVIII century and it was first recorded even before virology was recognized as a distinct science from microbiology. Studies on virus interference were mostly done in the decades between 1930 and 1960 in viruses infecting bacteria and different vertebrates. The systems included in vivo experiments and later, more refined assays were done using tissue and cell cultures. Many viruses involved in interference are pathogenic to humans or to economically important animals. Thus the phenomenon may be relevant to medicine and to animal production due to the possibility to use it as alternative to chemical therapies against virus infections to reduce the severity of disease/mortality caused by a superinfecting virus. Virus interference is defined as the host resistance to a superinfection caused by a pathogenic virus causing obvious signs of disease and/or mortality due to the action of an interfering virus abrogating the replication of the former virus. Different degrees of inhibition of the superinfecting virus can occur. Due to the emergence of novel pathogenic viruses in recent years, virus interference has recently been revisited using different pathogens and hosts, including commercially important farmed aquatic species. Here, some highly pathogenic viruses affecting farmed crustaceans can be affected by interference with other viruses. This review presents data on the history of virus interference in hosts including bacteria and animals, with emphasis on the known cases of virus interference in crustacean hosts.

Life Science Identifiers (LSIDs)

Escherichia coli [(Migula 1895) Castellani & Chalmers 1919]

Aedes albopictus (Skuse 1894)

Liocarcinus depurator (Linnaeus 1758): urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:107387

Penaeus duorarum (Burkenroad 1939): urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:158334

Carcinus maenas (Linnaeus 1758): urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:107381

Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man 1879): urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:220137

Penaeus vannamei (Boone 1931): urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C30A0A50-E309-4E24-851D-01CF94D97F23

Penaeus monodon (Fabricius 1798): urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3DD50D8B-01C2-48A7-B80D-9D9DD2E6F7AD

Penaeus stylirostris (Stimpson 1874): urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:584982