bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
η1‐Allypalladium Complexes with Tridentate PNP’ Ligand for the Assembly of Modified Screen Printed Electrodes: an Electrochemical Study
Authors: Valentini F. , Ciambella E. , Antonaroli S. , Boaretto A. , Mannino P. , La Parola V.
Published: March 2015

Specific Pd‐based organometallic complex, in particular the [Pd(η1‐CH2CH=CH2)(PNP’)]BF4 was used for the assembly of chemically modified Screen Printed Electrodes (SPEs) and their electrochemical reactivity was also investigated. For this purpose potassium ferricyanide, hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride, sodium hexachloroiridate‐(III) hydrate, ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), acetaminophen (Ac), guanine (G) and adenine (A) were used to study the electron‐transfer processes, which occurred at modified SPEs, fabricated by using the [Pd(η1‐CH2CH=CH2)(PNP’)]BF4, applying the drop casting procedure. Interesting results were obtained in the case of the guanine (G) quantitative detection, especially in terms of a wide range of concentration (2.5–40 nM), an high sensitivity (of 49.0 A M−1 cm−2), a low detection limit (LOD=1.0 nM) and a fast response time (of t=2 s). The intra‐electrode reproducibility (RSD%) was <1 % for the same SPE used for each point of the calibration plot. The inter‐electrode reproducibility (RSD%), estimated by using different SPEs for each single point of the quantitative calibration graph, ranging from 5 to 10 %, better than that exhibited by other different chemical sensors, described in literature, and reported in this work for comparison. In addition, the high selectivity of the chemically modified sensors toward the oxidation of guanine, exhibited in presence of a mixture of G+A, in the same electrochemical bath solution, could be related to the different electro‐catalytic mechanisms, as demonstrated by the XPS study. This chemical sensor prototype could be very promising for bio‐medicine applications.
A Novel DNA Probe Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Modified Electrode for the Electrochemical Monitoring of DNA
Authors: Muti Mihrican , Soysal Mert , Nacak Fatma Merve , Gençdağ Kübra , Karagözler A. Ersin
Published: March 2015

A DNA probe that was based on methylene blue (MB) imprinted polyvinyl pyridine polymer (MIP) modified carbon paste electrodes were developed for the first time for electrochemical monitoring of DNA. Probes were built up by adsorbing MB onto modified electrodes prior to DNA immobilization. It was shown that DNA strongly immobilizes on MIP modified electrodes when MB was adsorbed in advance of DNA immobilization. The performance of the MB imprinted polymer modified carbon paste electrodes (MIP‐CPE) to rebind the template molecule (MB) were compared to those of control polymer modified (non‐imprinted polymer NIP‐CPE) and bare (CPE) electrodes. Electrochemical signal resulting from the oxidation of guanine moiety of the immobilized probe DNA was high enough on the constructed platform, implicating that probes of this kind could be favorably used for DNA analysis. These probes exhibited high selectivity for its complementary DNA sequences (target). HBV‐DNA hybridization was studied to evaluate the selectivity of the probes for complementary, non‐complementary and mismatch sequences. The detection limit of the probe for the target DNA was 8.72 µg/mL (1.38 µM), which was better than those attained by some earlier DNA sensor studies.
Improved Potentiometric and Optic Sensitivity of Polyaniline Film to Dissolved Oxygen by Incorporating Iron‐Porphyrin
Authors: Li Meng , Ornelas Isabel M. , Liu Wei , Niu Yu , Correia Jorge P. , Viana Ana S. , Jin Gang
Published: March 2015

Polyaniline (PAn) films can be used in an electrochemical and optical combination system to amplify the optical signal for dissolved oxygen (DO) detection. To further improve the sensitivity of PAn film to DO, an oxygen‐sensitive molecule, Fe(III) meso‐tetera (4‐sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (FeTSPP) is incorporated into PAn during the film generation. Results show that, after incorporating FeTSPP into the PAn matrix, both optical and potentiometric responses to DO are improved. The optimal optical signal is obtained under the application of −2.5 μA to the modified electrode. Under this applied current, both optical and potentiometric signals show linear relations with the DO concentration within the range of 0.00–4.63 mg L−1, and the sensitivities for optical and potentiometric signals are 4.18 grayscale units mg−1 L and 13.39 mV mg−1 L, respectively.
Soft Budget Constraints in Public Hospitals
Authors: Wright Donald J.
Published: March 2015

A soft budget constraint arises when a government is unable to commit to not ‘bailout’ a public hospital if the public hospital exhausts its budget before the end of the budget period. It is shown that if the political costs of a ‘bailout’ are relatively small, then the public hospital exhausts the welfare‐maximising budget before the end of the budget period and a ‘bailout’ occurs. In anticipation, the government offers a budget to the public hospital that may be greater than or less than the welfare‐maximising budget. In either case, the public hospital treats ‘too many’ elective patients before the ‘bailout’ and ‘too few’ after. The introduction of a private hospital reduces the size of any ‘bailout’ and increases welfare. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Content Analysis of Peer Feedback in Triadic Supervision
Authors: Avent Janeé R. , Wahesh Edward , Purgason Lucy L. , Borders L. DiAnne , Mobley A. Keith
Published: March 2015

There is limited research on the types of peer feedback exchanged during triadic supervision. Through a content analysis, the authors found that students provided feedback about counseling performance and cognitive counseling skills most often in supervision sessions. However, there were differences in the types of feedback exchanged across three experience levels.
Can surgeons predict the olfactory outcomes after endoscopic surgery for nasal polyposis?
Authors: Nguyen Duc Trung , Bey Ayoub , Arous Fabien , Nguyen‐Thi Phi‐Linh , Felix‐Ravelo Marylisa , Jankowski Roger
Published: March 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

The aim of this study is to identify predictors for olfactory outcomes in patients with nasal polyposis (NP) after surgery on the ethmoidal labyrinths, either with or without resection of the polyps of the olfactory cleft (OC).

Study Design

Prospective study.

Methods

Ninety‐six patients endoscopically operated on for NP were enrolled in this study. Olfactory measurements were performed 1 day prior to surgery and 6 weeks after surgery, using odor thresholds and identification tests of the Sniffin' Sticks kit and a 0‐ to 10‐point visual analog scale. The multivariate logistic regression model was also used to assess independent predictors for olfactory outcomes after surgery.

Results

Twenty‐seven patients with preoperative normosmia demonstrated normal olfactory function 6 weeks after surgery. Out of 69 patients with preoperative hypo‐anosmia, 33 patients (47.83%) improved their olfactory function after surgery on the basis of the Sniffin' Sticks results. History of previous sinus surgery was reported by 77.78% of patients without olfactory improvement and by 51.52% with olfactory improvement (P = .022). By multivariate analysis, history of previous sinus surgery for NP remained a strong predictor of poor olfactory outcomes after surgery (adjusted odds ratio = 4.14, 95% confidence interval: 1.29‐13.32, P = .017). Histopathological types of lesions inside the OC as well as the resection of moderate/big lesions in the OC were not predictors of olfactory outcomes.

Conclusions

The more previous sinus surgeries, the smaller the chance for patients to recover their olfactory function after each surgical revision.

Level of Evidence

2b Laryngoscope, 125:1535–1540, 2015
On C‐Suslin spaces
Authors: Ferrando J. C. , Sánchez Ruiz L. M.
Published: March 2015

We prove a closed graph theorem for Baire locally convex spaces (for Baire linear topological spaces) in the domain and weakly C‐Suslin locally convex spaces (respectively, for C‐Suslin linear topological spaces) in the range which improves some classic closed graph theorems and other, more recent, related results.
The quadratic plus the tensor potentials for particle with 1/2‐spin via L2 method under the spin symmetry
Authors: Eshghi M. , Moghadam S. Arbabi
Published: March 2015

In the present letter, the relativistic equation for particle 1/2‐spin have been obtained for the quadratic scalar and vector potentials in the presence of the tensor interaction that depends on the radial component either linearly and inversely. Under the spin symmetry, the relativistic equation is calculated by using the idea of L2 that supports a tridiagonal matrix representation of the wave operator. By this requirement, the relativistic energy spectrum and corresponding spinor wave functions are obtained. Also, the obtained analytically result is compared with other results that are in good agreement. Some of the numerical results are given, too. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using nonrandomized studies to inform complex clinical decisions: The thorny issue of cranial radiation therapy for T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Kelly Michael J. , Pauker Stephen G. , Parsons Susan K.
Published: March 2015

Background

There are no randomized controlled trials to inform the decision of which cranial radiation therapy (CRT) strategy to apply to pediatric patients with T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Procedure

We performed a decision analysis using a Markov model in which we compared the life expectancy and quality‐adjusted life expectancy when administering one of three CRT strategies to a cohort of patients with T‐cell ALL: (1) omission of CRT for all patients; (2) CRT only for those with evidence of leukemic involvement in the central nervous system at diagnosis (therapeutic strategy); or (3) CRT for all (prophylactic strategy).

Results

When considering plausible event‐free survival rates and late mortality after cure for groups of pediatric patients with T‐cell ALL, the strategies of omitting CRT, administering therapeutic CRT, and administering prophylactic CRT result in similar short‐term (7‐year) survival. When considering the increased contribution of deaths from late effects, the strategy of prophylactic CRT is associated with lower life expectancy when compared to the other two strategies. The Monte Carlo probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the strategy of prophylactic CRT was the preferred strategy only 5% of the time.

Conclusions

Similar short‐term survival may be expected when comparing the strategies of total omission of CRT, therapeutic CRT, and prophylactic CRT for patients with T‐cell ALL. Long‐term survival is likely inferior for the strategy of prophylactic CRT. The synthesis of nonrandomized trials and the application of decision analysis can help inform complex decision making in pediatric oncology. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:790–797. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Homogeneous synthesis of amino‐reserved chitosan‐graft‐polycaprolactone in an ionic liquid and the application in cell cultivation
Authors: Yang Lili , Zhang Jinming , He Jiasong , Zhang Jun , Gan Zhihua
Published: March 2015

The homogeneous preparation of amino‐reserved chitosan‐graft‐polycaprolactone copolymer (ACS‐g‐PCL) was achieved in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate via a protection − ring‐opening graft polymerization − deprotection procedure. The molar substitution of PCL (MSPCL) in ACS‐g‐PCL copolymers was in the range 17.1 − 45.6 and could be well controlled by altering reaction conditions. The resultant ACS‐g‐PCL copolymers were soluble in some common organic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide, ethanol and toluene. As the increment of MSPCL increased, the hydrophilicity of the ACS‐g‐PCL copolymers decreased. Eventually, ACS‐g‐PCL microspheres with a diameter of 100–200 µm were fabricated by an emulsion evaporation method. Among them, the ACS‐g‐PCL copolymer with an MSPCL of 26.8 formed into porous microspheres. The fluorescence microscopy and cytotoxicity results suggested that all of the microspheres, especially the ACS‐g‐PCL microspheres with MSPCL of 17.1 and 26.8, showed high cell adhesion and cytocompatibility to the human osteosarcoma cell line (MG‐63), indicating their great prospects in tissue engineering. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Das magnetische Moment des Protons
Authors: Mooser Andreas , Smorra Christian , Ulmer Stefan
Published: March 2015

Der Wert des magnetischen Moments des Protons konnte mit der Doppel‐Penning‐Fallenmethode zum ersten Mal direkt gemessen werden. Die Resultate verbessern den bisher akzepierten CODATA‐Wert um einen Faktor 2, 5. Dieser basiert auf einer indirekten Messung der Hyperfeinstruktur des Wasserstoff‐Grundzustands. Die Anwendung derselben Methode auf das Antiproton wird einen hochpräzisen Test der CPT‐Symmetrie mit Baryonen liefern. Damit verknüpft ist die Hoffnung, einen Hinweis zur Lösung des kosmischen Antimaterierätsels zu finden. Mit diesem Ziel wurde das BASE‐Experiment am Antiproton Decelerator am CERN aufgebaut. Der angestrebte Vergleich der Magnetischen Momente von Proton und Antiproton ermöglicht einen der präzisesten Tests der CPT‐Invarianz.
Ultrakalte Moleküle in Reih und Glied
Authors: Deiß Markus , Hecker Denschlag Johannes
Published: March 2015

Chemische Reaktionen können stattfinden, wenn Atome oder Moleküle miteinander stoßen. Die Reaktionsdynamik ist dabei abhängig von verschiedenen Parametern, insbesondere auch der relativen Orientierung der Kollisionspartner zueinander. Vor kurzem ist es an der Universität Ulm gelungen, ultrakalte Moleküle innerhalb eines optischen Gitters durch Rotationsanregung auszurichten und diese Ausrichtung mit einer neuartigen Methode zu vermessen. Dies ermöglicht zukünftig die Untersuchung von stereochemischen Reaktionsprozessen bei Temperaturen von unter 1 μK in einem Modellsystem, das sich durch ein Höchstmaß an Kontrolle auszeichnet.
Nematicidal activity of allyl bromide and dibromo(nitro)methane under laboratory conditions
Authors: Oka Yuji , Shuker Shimshon , Tkachi Nadia
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUND

Restrictions on soil fumigants are prompting the development of new compounds for controlling nematodes, other soilborne pathogens and weeds. We evaluated the nematicidal activity of five bromine compounds againstMeloidogyne javanica in vitro, and tested the two most effective ones againstPratylenchus penetransandXiphinema index in vitroand in soil.

RESULTS

Only allyl bromide and dibromo(nitro)methane showed nematicidal activity againstM. javanicajuvenilesin vitroat <320 mg L−1. Allyl bromide killedM. javanicaandP. penetransat 20 mg L−1, andX. indexat 10 mg L−1, whereas 320 mg dibromo(nitro)methane L−1was required to killP. penetrans. Allyl bromide also showed higher nematicidal activity than dibromo(nitro)methane againstM. javanicaandP. penetransin soil. Allyl bromide at 40 and 20 mg L−1soil eliminated root galls and nematode eggs on tomato roots grown inM. javanica‐inoculated loess and sandy soils respectively, showing higher nematicidal activity than 1,3‐dichloropropene. NoP. penetranswere recovered from soil treated with 80 mg allyl bromide L−1soil or 320 mg dibromo(nitro)methane L−1soil.

CONCLUSION

Allyl bromide showed high nematicidal activity against all three nematode species, and nematicidal activity of dibromo(nitro)methane was discovered. These compounds could serve as new fumigation nematicides, pending further experiments. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Another engineering wake model variant for horizontal axis wind turbines
Authors: Werle Michael J.
Published: March 2015

An engineering model is presented for predicting the performance of a single turbine located in an incoming turbulent, sheared, wind velocity field. The approach used is a variant of the well‐known and documented Ainslie eddy viscosity approach as also employed in the Direct Wake Meandering model. It incorporates a new and simple means of representing the rotor's loading profile, initializing the calculations, simplifying the wakes' shear layer mixing model and accounting for wind shear effects. Additionally, two figures of merit are employed for assessing the reliability of all data used and predictions provided. The first, a wake momentum‐flux/thrust parameter, is used for quantitatively assessing the accuracy and utility of both measured and/or computational wake data. The second, a rotor swept area wake‐averaged velocity, is employed as a single quantitative measure of a turbine's impact on its downstream neighbor. Through detailed comparisons with three independent state‐of‐the‐art Computational Fluid Dynamic generated datasets and a field‐measured dataset, the current model is shown to be accurate for turbine rated power levels from 100 kW to 2.3 MW, wind speeds of 6 to 22 m s−1 (corresponding to turbine thrust coefficient levels of 0.14 to 0.8) and free‐stream turbulence levels from 0% to 16%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
XRF measurements of Zn, Sr and Pb in archaeological bone
Authors: Daar Eman , Al Mugren K. S. , Chika S. , Barnes S. , Bradley D. A.
Published: March 2015

We study elemental concentrations in archaeological human bone, linked to interest in essential element homeostasis and also uptake of potentially harmful elements; the study of elemental concentrations in ancient skeletal remains can potentially be linked with modern studies, providing a reference to high exposure levels no longer common today. The samples, adult bone from the Romano‐British period, were obtained from Cirencester, located approximately 150 km to the west of London. Some of the remains were found in stone enclosures, others in Pb‐lined enclosures, and yet, others devoid of a record of the form of burial. Using a measurement arrangement consisting of a low‐energy mini‐X‐ray generator and a Si‐PIN detector, results are obtained of periosteal (bone surface) concentrations, the influence of the post‐mortem environment being clearly differentiated from in vivo uptake. Simultaneous multi‐element measurements have been made of Zn, Sr and Pb, with respective concentrations in the range 27 ± 16 to 254 ± 17 µg g−1; 33 ± 16 to 124 ± 17 µg g−1 and 44 ± 15 to ~10% Pb g−1 of interrogated medium. Lead‐lined burials result in Pb contamination of the inner (cambium/osteogenic) surface layer of the bone, positively skewing Pb data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative assessment of telomerase components in cancer cell lines
Authors: Akıncılar Semih Can , Low Kee Chung , Liu Chia Yi , Yan Ting Dong , Oji Asami , Ikawa Masahito , Li Shang , Tergaonkar Vinay
Published: March 2015

Besides its canonical function of catalyzing the formation of telomeric repeats, many groups have recently reported non‐canonical functions of hTERT in particular, and telomerase in general. Regulating transcription is the central basis of non‐canonical functions of telomerase. However, unlike reverse transcriptase activity of telomerase that requires only a few molecules of enzymatically active hTERT, non‐canonical functions of hTERT or other telomerase components theoretically require several hundred copies. Here, we provide the first direct quantification of all the telomerase components in human cancer cell lines. We demonstrate that telomerase components do not exist in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio, and there are several hundred copies of hTERT in cells. This provides the molecular basis of hTERT to function in other signaling cascades, including transcription.
SG-II-Up prototype final optics assembly: optical damage and clean-gas control
Authors: Zhao Dongfeng , Wan Li , Lin Zunqi , Shao Pin , Zhu Jianqiang
Published: March 2015

The Shenguang-II Upgrade (SG-II Up) facility is an under-construction high-power laser driver with eight beams, 24 kJ energy, 3 ns pulse duration and ultraviolet laser output, in the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, China. The prototype design and experimental research of the prototype final optics assembly (FOA), which is one of the most important parts of the SG-II Up facility, have been completed on the ninth beam of the SG-II facility. Thirty-three shots were fired using 1-

${\it\omega}$

energy from 1000 to 4500 J and 3-

${\it\omega}$

energy from 500 to 2403 J with a 3 ns square pulse. During the experiments, emphasis was given to the process of optical damage and to the effects of clean-gas control. A numerical model of the FOA generated by the Integrated Computer Engineering and Manufacturing code for Computational Fluid Dynamics (ICEMCFD) demonstrated that a flux within

$1{-}5~\text{l s}^{-1}$

and a 180 s period is effectual to avoid contaminant sputtering to the optics. The presence of surface ‘mooning’ damage and surface spots located outside the clear aperture are induced by contaminants such as wire, silica gel and millimeter order fiber and metal.
Natural resin acid –enriched composition as a modulator of intestinal microbiota and performance enhancer in broiler chicken
Authors: Kettunen H. , Vuorenmaa J. , Rinttilä T. , Grönberg H. , Valkonen E. , Apajalahti J.
Published: March 2015

Resin acids extracted from coniferous trees are known for their antimicrobial and antifungal effects. This trial investigated the effect of a natural resin acid-enriched composition (RAC) on the gastrointestinal microbiota and productive performance of broiler chicken. The results demonstrated that at or above 5 mg/l, RAC prevented the growth of a pure culture ofClostridium perfringens, a causative agent of necrotic enteritis in poultry. Next, the effects of RAC on the microbial community were studied in a fermentation model with both the microbial inoculum and substrate for the microbes isolated from the ileum of broiler chickens. RAC was included at 0, 0.1 and 1 g/kg digesta, and supplementation decreased the relative proportion of lactic acid and increased that of acetic acid produced during the fermentation in a dose-dependent manner. At 1 g/kg inclusion, RAC decreased the density of lactobacilli. The final part of the experiment investigated the influence of RAC on the performance and intestinal microbiota of necrotic enteritis (NE)-challenged broiler chickens. A wheat and soy -based diet was supplemented with RAC at 0, 0.5, 1 and 3 g/kg. The chickens were challenged withEimeria maximaoocysts on day 11, and a pure culture ofC. perfringenson day 14. On day 17, the final day of the trial, RAC inclusion at 1 and 3 g/kg of feed significantly increased body weight. At 3 g/kg RAC numerically decreased the daily mortality seen during the challenge period. In the ileum, RAC at 1 g/kg reduced the NE-associated peak of microbial lactic acid production. Overall, the data suggested that the dietary ingredient RAC has the potential to act as a performance-enhancer and microbial modulator in broiler chickens.
The Murchison Widefield Array Correlator
Authors: Ord S. M. , Crosse B. , Emrich D. , Pallot D. , Wayth R. B. , Clark M. A. , Tremblay S. E. , Arcus W. , Barnes D. , Bell M. , Bernardi G. , Bhat N. D. R. , Bowman J. D. , Briggs F. , Bunton J. D. , Cappallo R. J. , Corey B. E. , Deshpande A. A. , deSouza L. , Ewell-Wice A. , Feng L. , Goeke R. , Greenhill L. J. , Hazelton B. J. , Herne D. , Hewitt J. N. , Hindson L. , Hurley-Walker N. , Jacobs D. , Johnston-Hollitt M. , Kaplan D. L. , Kasper J. C. , Kincaid B. B. , Koenig R. , Kratzenberg E. , Kudryavtseva N. , Lenc E. , Lonsdale C. J. , Lynch M. J. , McKinley B. , McWhirter S. R. , Mitchell D. A. , Morales M. F. , Morgan E. , Oberoi D. , Offringa A. , Pathikulangara J. , Pindor B. , Prabu T. , Procopio P. , Remillard R. A. , Riding J. , Rogers A. E. E. , Roshi A. , Salah J. E. , Sault R. J. , Udaya Shankar N. , Srivani K. S. , Stevens J. , Subrahmanyan R. , Tingay S. J. , Waterson M. , Webster R. L. , Whitney A. R. , Williams A. , Williams C. L. , Wyithe J. S. B.
Published: March 2015

The Murchison Widefield Array is a Square Kilometre Array Precursor. The telescope is located at the Murchison Radio–astronomy Observatory in Western Australia. The MWA consists of 4 096 dipoles arranged into 128 dual polarisation aperture arrays forming a connected element interferometer that cross-correlates signals from all 256 inputs. A hybrid approach to the correlation task is employed, with some processing stages being performed by bespoke hardware, based on Field Programmable Gate Arrays, and others by Graphics Processing Units housed in general purpose rack mounted servers. The correlation capability required is approximately 8 tera floating point operations per second. The MWA has commenced operations and the correlator is generating 8.3 TB day−1 of correlation products, that are subsequently transferred 700 km from the MRO to Perth (WA) in real-time for storage and offline processing. In this paper, we outline the correlator design, signal path, and processing elements and present the data format for the internal and external interfaces.
The Social Gospel as “the Total Message of the Christian Salvation”
Authors: Evans Christopher H.
Published: March 2015

In 1921, Shailer Mathews coined what became a classic, yet somewhat obtuse, definition of the social gospel in North American religious history. He defined it as “the application of the teaching of Jesus and the total message of the Christian salvation to society, the economic life, and social institutions such as the state, the family, as well as to individuals.” For all the problems with Mathews's definition, it does serve as a useful template for understating the social gospel, especially interpreting what Mathews meant by the phrase, “the total message of the Christian salvation.”
The tribology of cupules
Authors: BEDNARIK ROBERT G.
Published: March 2015

This paper describes a newly observed phenomenon, a rare form of lamina protecting petroglyphs from weathering, and it attempts an explanation of such features. These laminae are not precipitates but represent the floors of the original cupules that have become more resistant to erosion through conversion to tectonite. The process involves crystallization of the syntaxial quartz overgrowths on quartz grains that constitute the cement component of quartzite and silica-rich schist. It is attributed to the cumulative application of kinetic energy that derives from the tens of thousands of hammerstone blows that produced the cupule. The tribological process results in products similar to those formed in ductile shear zones when sandstone has been subjected to great kinetic stresses. In the cupules reported here, the re-metamorphosed lamina preserves their original surface and prevents the erosion of the protolith (parent rock) concealed by the modified layer. The thickness of the layer is a function of the cumulative amount of energy applied to the rock's cement, and the process of alteration is defined as ‘kinetic energy metamorphosis’.
Lymphoma in older patients: clinical and therapeutic characteristics
Authors: Benavente C , Serí C , Iñigo B , Martínez R
Published: March 2015

Neoplasms of the lymphoid tissues represent a large, heterogeneous group of diseases that vary in clinical severity and response to treatment. The incidence of lymphoma in older patients is growing, yet guidelines on specifically how these patients should be treated are lacking. Moreover, older people are excluded from most of the clinical trials and management decisions are usually based on data obtained in younger patients. This review might consider the optimal strategy for lymphoma diagnosis and treatment in older patients.
Indications for cardiovascular magnetic resonance in children with congenital and acquired heart disease: an expert consensus paper of the Imaging Working Group of the AEPC and the Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Section of the EACVI
Authors: Valsangiacomo Buechel E.R. , Grosse-Wortmann L. , Fratz S. , Eichhorn J. , Sarikouch S. , Greil G.F. , Beerbaum P. , Bucciarelli-Ducci C. , Bonello B. , Sieverding L. , Schwitter J. , Helbing W.A. ,   Document reviewers: EACVI: Maurizio Galderisi, (Italy), Owen Miller, (UK), Rosa Sicari, (Italy), John Simpson, (UK), Erik Thaulow, (Norway), Thor Edvardsen, (Norway), AEPC: Konrad Brockmeier, (Germany), Shakeel Qureshi, (UK), and Joerg Stein, (Austria)
Published: March 2015

This article provides expert opinion on the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in young patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and in specific clinical situations. As peculiar challenges apply to imaging children, paediatric aspects are repeatedly discussed. The first section of the paper addresses settings and techniques, including the basic sequences used in paediatric CMR, safety, and sedation. In the second section, the indication, application, and clinical relevance of CMR in the most frequent CHD are discussed in detail. In the current era of multimodality imaging, the strengths of CMR are compared with other imaging modalities. At the end of each chapter, a brief summary with expert consensus key points is provided. The recommendations provided are strongly clinically oriented. The paper addresses not only imagers performing CMR, but also clinical cardiologists who want to know which information can be obtained by CMR and how to integrate it in clinical decision-making.
Describe, Transcribe, Notate: Prospects and problems facing electroacoustic music
Authors: Battier Marc
Published: March 2015

The question of notation regarding electroacoustic music has appeared episodically along the course of its development. With the advent of digital techniques, now universally used, through the development of musicological studies of the field, and with the surge of interactive devices between computers and performers, the need for various forms of representing sounds and data has never been so strong.
Interaction as Material: The techno-somatic dimension
Authors: Paine Garth
Published: March 2015

This paper proposes an alternative approach to the analysis and design of interaction in real-time performance systems. It draws on the idea that the connection between the human engagement with the interface itself (digital or analogue) and the resultant rich media output forms a proposed experiential dimension containing both technical and somatic considerations. The proposed dimension is characterised by its materiality and is referred to by the author as the techno-somatic dimension. The author proposes that the materiality of the techno-somatic dimension may be usefully examined as part of a re-consideration of the nature of interaction in systems where the input characteristics of the performer’s actions, the musician’s gesture, the dancer’s movements and so on are analysed and also drive the rich media content of the work in real time. The author will suggest that such a techno-somatic dimension exists in all human engagement with technologies, analogue or digital. Furthermore, the author is proposing that design and analysis efforts for new interactive systems should focus on the techno-somatic dimension; that, if this dimension is designed with care to produce a detailed and nuanced experience for the user, design specifications for the interface will automatically result; and that such an interface will produce the somatic and functional characteristics to produce the desired materiality and actional intentionality. For the purposes of this discussion, the author will focus principally on musical interfaces.
Hugh Davies’s Electronic Music Documentation 1961–1968
Authors: Mooney James
Published: March 2015

This paper provides an account and interpretation of Hugh Davies’s electronic music research and documentation from the period 1961–1968. It is argued that Davies, particularly via his International Electronic Music Catalog (published 1968), characterised electronic music for the first time as a truly international, interdisciplinary praxis, whereas in the preceding literature the full extent of that international, interdisciplinary scope had been represented only partially, and in a way that was heavily biased in favour of the ostensibly ‘main’ Western European and North American schools. This argument is demonstrated by referring to a range of published sources dating from 1952 to 1962, which represented the praxis of electronic music as somewhat fragmented and parochial, and to a range of Davies’s published and unpublished writings, which conveyed a sense of the various international, aesthetic and disciplinary threads coalescing into an apparently coherent whole. An interpretation of Davies’s motivations for representing electronic music in this way is provided, which has to do with his belief in international and interdisciplinary exchange as catalysts for the development of the electronic idiom. Many subsequent publications rely upon the data provided in the Catalog, which continues to be, arguably, the most complete record of international, interdisciplinary electronic music activity up to the end of 1967. Some examples are given that illustrate the influence of the Catalog upon subsequent studies. It is concluded that further work is needed in order to fully understand and evaluate the historiographic consequences of the Catalog’s influence upon discourses of electronic music history.
Quantitative Microanalysis of (1–x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3×xPbTiO3(PMNT) Ferroelectric Ceramics
Authors: Samardžija Zoran
Published: March 2015

Optimized quantitative electron-probe microanalysis was applied for compositional characterization of a ferroelectric ceramic single crystal that was made from the complex perovskite-type solid-solution (1–x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3×xPbTiO3(PMNT). Cation concentrations were determined with high accuracy and ultimate relative experimental uncertainty of ≤±1%, showing that the average chemical composition of the crystal corresponds to Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.67Ti0.33O3(i.e.,x=0.33), which is close to the morphotropic phase boundary composition. Over the PMNT single crystal slight compositional heterogeneity was measured for concentrations of the perovskite B-site cations Ti4+, Mg2+, and Nb5+, with variations up to ±2.3%, whereas the Pb concentration remained uniform within a variation below ±0.5%.
Posttraumatic growth and demoralization after cancer: The effects of patients' meaning-making
Authors: Li Yu-Chan , Yeh Pei-Chen , Chen Hong-Wen , Chang Yi-Fang , Pi Shih-Hsuan , Fang Chun-Kai
Published: March 2015

Objective:

It is common for patients to experience positive and negative psychological changes (e.g., posttraumatic growth or demoralization) after being diagnosed with cancer. Although demoralization and posttraumatic growth are both related to meaning-making, little attention has been paid to the associations among these concepts. The current study investigated the relationship between demoralization, posttraumatic growth, and meaning-making (focusing on sense-making and benefit-finding during the experience of illness) in cancer patients.

Method:

Some 200 cancer patients (with lung cancer, lymphoma, or leukemia) at the MacKay Memorial Hospital in New Taipei completed the Demoralization Scale–Mandarin Version (DS–MV), the Chinese Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (CPTGI), and a self-designed questionnaire for assessing sense-making and benefit-finding.

Results:

Demoralization was negatively correlated with posttraumatic growth, sense-making, benefit-finding, and time-since-diagnosis. Multiple regression analysis showed that meaning-making had different effects on demoralization and posttraumatic growth. The interactions of sense-making with either benefit-finding or time-since-diagnosis significantly predicted demoralization. Individuals with relatively higher sense-making and benefit-finding or shorter time-since-diagnosis experienced less demoralization.

Significance of Results:

The suffering of cancer may turn on the psychological process of demoralization, posttraumatic growth, and meaning-making in patients. Cancer patients who evidenced higher posttraumatic growth experienced less demoralization. Trying to identify positive changes in the experience of cancer may be a powerful way to increase posttraumatic growth. As time goes by, patients experienced less demoralization. Facilitating sense-making can have similar effects. Cancer patients with less benefit-finding experience higher demoralization, but sense-making buffers this effect.
Supernovae, the Accelerating Cosmos, and Dark Energy
Authors: Schmidt Brian
Published: March 2015

Type Ia supernovae remain one of Astronomy's most precise tools for measuring distances in the Universe. I describe the cosmological application of these stellar explosions, and chronicle how they were used to discover an accelerating Universe in 1998 - an observation which is most simply explained if more than 70% of the Universe is made up of some previously undetected form of ‘Dark Energy’. Over the intervening 13 years, a variety of experiments have been completed, and even more proposed to better constrain the source of the acceleration. I review the range of experiments, describing the current state of our understanding of the observed acceleration, and speculate about future progress in understanding Dark Energy.
The Solar cycle: looking forward
Authors: Cameron Robert H.
Published: March 2015

We discuss predictions for cycle 24 and the way forward if progress is to be made for cycle 25 and beyond.
Theoretical Models of Stellar Activity Cycles
Authors: Işık Emre
Published: March 2015

We discuss possible mechanisms underlying the observed features of stellar activity cycles, such as multiple periodicities in very active stars, non-cyclic activity observed in moderately active stars, and spatial distribution of stellar magnetic regions. We review selected attempts to model the dependence of stellar activity cycles on stellar properties, and their comparison with observations. We suggest that combined effects of dynamo action, flux emergence and surface flux transport have substantial effects on the long-term manifestations of stellar magnetism.
Young stars in nearby early-type galaxies: The GALEX-SAURON perspective
Authors: Jeong Hyunjin , Yi Sukyoung K. , Bureau Martin , Davies Roger L.
Published: March 2015

Recent studies from the Galaxy Evolution Explore (GALEX) ultraviolet (UV) data reveal that the recent star formation is more common in early-type galaxies (ETGs) that we used to believe (Jeong et al.2007). Here we used the unique GALEX UV data on existing SAURON IFU-studied galaxies and combined these two datasets (UV and IFU) to find where photometric anomalies occur. One of the highlights of our study is the work on the Fundamental Plane (FP). The tilt and scatter found in optical FPs have been an issue. From our sample of 34 ETGs, we found that most of the tilt and scatter are caused by the minority ETGs which have been forming stars recently at very low level (see figure 1). Using our UV FPs, we found a strong evidence for star formation history being the main source of the mystery (Jeong et al.2009).
UV Emission in Type Ia Supernova Elliptical Host Galaxies
Authors: Tucker Brad E.
Published: March 2015

The current use of Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) as standard candles is to measure the dark energy equation-of-state to better than 10%. However, we still lack a clear understanding of their progenitor systems. We analyze the host galaxies of type Ia Supernova (SN Ia) discovered by the ESSENCE survey using UV and optical data, as studying the environments of SN Ia is a great way to understand the progenitors. We developed a new method for determining the SED and rest-frame magnitudes of the host galaxies and we use empirical relations to derive stellar mass and star-formation rate (SFR) measurements of the host galaxies. We find a high rate of UV emission in our passive galaxies, suggesting current star-formation in these galaxies.
Puzzling Snowballs: Main Belt Comets
Authors: Yang Bin , Meech Karen
Published: March 2015

Main belt comets (MBCs) are a class of newly discovered objects that exhibit comet-like appearances and yet are dynamically indistinguishable from ordinary main belt asteroids. The measured size and albedo of MBCs are similar to those of classical comets. At present, six MBCs have been discovered, namely 133P/Elst-Pizarro, 176P/LINEAR, 238P/Read, P/2008 R1, P/La Sagra and P/2006 VW139. The total number of active MBCs is estimated to be at the level of a few hundreds (Hsieh & Jewitt, 2006). Several explanations for the activity of MBCs have been suggested. These include impact ejection, sublimation and rotational instability. However, since renewed activity has been observed in 133P and 238P at successive perihelion passages, the most likely explanation may be a thermally-driven process - e.g sublimation of exposed surface ice. Although the proximity of MBCs to the Sun (r ~ 3 AU) makes the survival of surface ice improbable, thermal models have shown that water ice is thermally stable under a regolith layer a few meters thick. The study of MBCs has recently been complicated by the discoveries of two asteroid collisional events (P/2010 A2 (LINEAR) and (596) Scheila) in 2010, where comet-like dust coma/tail have been attributed to recent impacts. If MBCs are indeed icy, they represent the closest and the third established reservoir of comets (after the Oort cloud and the Kuiper belt). As such, they may have been an important source of water for the Earth's oceans. I will review the current state of MBC studies, present the latest observational results and discuss possible mechanisms that could produce the observed activity. I will also talk about current and future space missions that are dedicated or closely related to MBC studies.
The influx rate of long-period comets in the Earth's neighborhood and their debris contribution to the interplanetary medium
Authors: Fernández Julio Angel
Published: March 2015

We analyze the flux of new and evolved long-period comets (LPCs) reaching the Earth's neighborhood (perihelion distances q < 1.3 AU), their physical lifetimes, and their implications as regards to the amount of meteoritic matter that is being deposited in the near-Earth region. The flux of LPCs with q < 1.3 au is found to be of about 340 ± 40, brighter than absolute total magnitude 8.6 (radius R ~ 0.6 km) (Fernández and Sosa 2012). Bearing in mind that most of these comets disintegrate into meteoritic matter, this represents a large contribution to the interplanetary dust complex which requires an amount of matter of about 10 tons s−1 to keep it in steady state. These aspects, as well as the impact rate with Earth of meteoroids of LPC origin, will be discussed in this presentation.
Stream and sporadic meteoroids associated with Near Earth Objects
Authors: Jopek Tadeusz J. , Williams Iwan P.
Published: March 2015

NEOs come close to the Earth's orbit so that any dust ejected from them, might be seen as a meteor shower. Orbits evolve rapidly, so that a similarity of orbits at one given time is not sufficient to prove a relationship, orbital evolution over a long time interval also has to be similar. Sporadic meteoroids can not be associated with a single parent body, they can only be classified as cometary or asteroidal. However, by considering one parameter criteria, many sporadics are not classified properly therefore two parameter approach was proposed.
Analysis of Historical Meteor and Meteor shower Records: Korea, China and Japan
Authors: Yang Hong-Jin , Park Changbom , Park Myeong-Gu
Published: March 2015

We have compiled and analyzed historical meter and meteor shower records in Korean, Chinese, and Japanese chronicles. We have confirmed the peaks of Perseids and an excess due to the mixture of Orionids, north-Taurids, or Leonids through the Monte-Carlo test from the Korean records. The peaks persist for almost one thousand years. We have also analyzed seasonal variation of sporadic meteors from Korean records. Major features in Chinese meteor shower records are quite consistent with those of Korean records, particularly for the last millennium. Japanese records also show Perseids feature and Orionids/north-Taurids/Leonids feature, although they are less prominent compared to those of Korean or Chinese records.
Future Small Body Exploration after the Investigation of Asteroid Itokawa by Remote Sensing and Returned Sample Analyses
Authors: Yano Hajime
Published: March 2015

This paper outlines current achievements of the Hayabusa mission and future small body missions with an emphasis on scientific prospects by both remote sensing in the vicinity of target objects and retuned sample analyses of them. First, the Hayabusa spacecraft aimed as technology demonstration for the worldfs first deep space round trip and sample return from an asteroid and it was launched via the M-V rocket in May of 2003. Soon after the touchdown on Asteroid Itokawa, a sub-km, S-type NEO in November 2005, the spacecraft lost its attitude control due to the leak of RCS propellant; the communication link was lost for 46 days. While the ion engine thrusters reached their lifetime by November of 2009 owing to either of an ion source or neutralizers at each engine, a challenging combination of the neutralizer-A with the ion source-B was devised to resume the spacecraftfs propulsion. This enabled the spacecraft to have returned to the Australian desert on the Earth in June 2010. The sample return capsule (SRC) was successfully recovered and returned to Japan for initial inspection of the Itokawa samples. After the announcement of initial sample analysis results, international announcement of sample distributions has started in the spring of 2012. Following up the original Hayabusa mission, JAXA has approved the Hayabusa-2 project in 2011, an asteroid sample return mission to 1999 JU3, a sub-km, C-type NEO aiming for 2014-5 launch, 2018-9 remote sensing including artificial impactor excavation and 2020 Earth return of both surface and sub-surface samples of the asteroid. C-type asteroid is thought to be abundant in organic matters and hydrated compound, so it has important clues to solve the origin and evolution of the life. NASAfs OSIRIS-Rex and ESAfs Marco Polo-R missions are also carbonaceous asteroid sample return missions in 2010fs-2020fs. Cometary nucleus or/and D-type asteroid sample returns like Hayabusa-Mk-II concept are natural progression of this type of the endeavor. JAXAfs solar power sail mission aims for eventual rendezvous with Jovian Trojan asteroids, reservoir of D/P-type asteroids as either leftovers of Jupiter system formation or the second generation intruders from the Kuiper belt regions.
Near-Earth objects from the cometary flux
Authors: Emel'yanenko Vacheslav
Published: March 2015

We analyze the orbital distribution of objects captured to near-Earth space from the flux of comets coming from the outer Solar system. For this purpose, we use the model of the cometary cloud developed earlier (Emelfyanenko, Asher, Bailey, 2007). This model is consistent with the broad dynamical characteristics of observed near-parabolic comets, short-period comets, Centaurs and high-eccentricity trans-Neptunian objects. We show that the observed distributions of both large and small near-Earth objects are different from the modeled distribution formed dynamically by the action of planetary perturbations. In particular, while the distributions of arguments of perihelion for observed Jupiter-family comets and modeled cometary asteroids follow a sinusoidal law with pronounced maxima around 0 and 180 degrees, it is not the case for observed cometary asteroids of any size. We conclude that there exist many unobserved extinct short-period comets among near-Earth objects of various sizes.
The Possible Interrelation of TNO and Long-Period Comets by MOID Distribution
Authors: Guliyev A. S. , Nabiyev Sh. A. , Guliyev R. A. , Dadashov A. S.
Published: March 2015

The study objects of our work were 91 TNO with diameters greater than 200 km. On the other hand, the paper used the data for 1048 and comets with aphelion and perihelion distances Q > 30 AU and q > 0.1AU, respectively, were observed until 2012. Short-perihelion comets (sporadic and concentrated in separate groups) were excluded from the analysis. If some comet split into several parties, we have taken data for only one fragment, which is marked with the letter A. Data for comets are taken from the catalog [4] and the individual Circulars International Astronomical Union, issued in period after 2008. The data for TNO, mostly borrowed from the website [5], as well as the issues of the same circulars.