bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A MOND model applied to the rotation curve of galaxies
Authors: Ciqueira Ana C. M. , Carvalho Geanderson A. , Faccin Paulo H. , Dalmolin Fabrício
Published: December 2024

In this work, we propose a modified Newton dynamics (MOND) model to study the rotation curves of galaxies. The model is described by an arc-tangent interpolating function and it fits the rotation curves of several galaxies without invoking the presence of dark matter. We took from the literature the rotation curve data of 15 spiral galaxies, and used it to constrain the model parameter, [Formula: see text], as around [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]m/s2. This parameter is also called the acceleration constant once it gives the acceleration scale where Newton’s dynamics fails. The model can be further tested in different astrophysical scenarios, such as, the missing mass problem of galaxy clusters and the accelerated expansion of the Universe, thus leading to a more robust and well-constrained model.
DIGITAL GUIDE PLATE-ASSISTED RESIN-BASED CERAMIC BONDING BRIDGE IN REPAIRING ANTERIOR TEETH LOSS: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: LUO BIZHU , XU XUEHONG , JIANG QI , LIN JING , HUANG MEIE , HUANG HONGLAN , LIN PINGTING , ZOU JUNBIN , YIN LU
Published: December 2024

Background: The maintenance of the integrity of the anterior dentition plays a vital role in maintaining the beauty of the face. The repair schemes of anterior teeth loss mainly include implant denture, traditional fixed bridge, bonding bridge and removable partial denture. Among them, the bonding bridge is a minimally invasive fixed denture repair method that relies on bonding technology for retention, which has the advantages of simple operation, a small amount of grinding of the required abutment teeth, comfort, beauty, and no self-removal. Therefore, we reported a case of digital guide plate-assisted resin-based ceramic bonding bridge repair of anterior teeth loss. Case report: A 28-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because left upper anterior teeth missing for more than 3 months. Minimally invasive tooth preparation assisted by digital guide [Formula: see text]-based ceramic single-ended bonding bridge repair were performed. After treatment, the ideal clinical effect was achieved. Conclusion: Slightly tooth preparation with the assistance of a digital guide plate is used to guide the precise bonding of the prosthesis in repairing anterior teeth loss.
A Comparison of Two Alternative Formulations for Finite Elements for Orthotropic Thick Plate Analysis
Authors: Petrolito J. , Ionescu D.
Published: December 2024

This paper discusses two alternative formulations for developing orthotropic thick plate finite elements, namely the free formulation and the deviatoric strain formulation. These formulations are combined with interpolations for the transverse displacement and rotations that exactly satisfy the governing equations of Mindlin’s theory. Hence, the resulting element approximations are consistent for both thick and thin plates, and no locking occurs in the thin plate limit. The two formulations can be used to develop elements of arbitrary order and geometry, and several rectangular and triangular elements are derived in the paper. Examples are given in the paper to demonstrate the behavior and accuracy that is achieved with the proposed elements for both static and dynamics problems.
Classification of Bianchi type I spacetime via its self-similar vector fields
Authors: Khan Jamshed , Hussain Tahir , Ahmed Ahmed Himadan , Khalifa Hamiden Abd El-Wahed , Arshad Muhammad
Published: December 2024

The focus of this paper is the examination of self-similar vector fields (SSVFs) within Bianchi type I spacetime utilizing the Rif tree approach. The paper employs a computer algorithm to convert the equations into a reduced involutive form, dividing the integration problem into multiple cases represented in a tree structure. These cases are subject to specific constraints on the metric functions. By employing these constraints, the set of equations governing self-similar symmetries is solved, yielding explicit expressions for the metrics and their associated self-similar vector fields.
A new variable-coefficient mZK–Burgers model for nonlinear Rossby waves and its soliton solution
Authors: Zhao Baojun , Zhang Mengying
Published: December 2024

In this paper, with the multi-scale analysis and Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) theory, a variable-coefficient modified Zakharov–Kuznetsov (mZK)–Burgers equation is obtained via the quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity model. The equation can be described the propagation of the nonlinear long wave and solitary eddy. The exact solutions are given by the Jacobi elliptic function expansion method to analyze wave propagation characteristics, and the elliptical modulus [Formula: see text] affects the amplitude and period of waves.
Geometric potential of surfaces with physical applications in Euclidean spaces
Authors: Sokur Betül Bulca
Published: December 2024

In this study, we considered skew curvatures of the surfaces to generate their geometric potentials. The method depends essentially on the mean and Gaussian curvatures and their principal curvatures. In quantum mechanics in the study of the dynamics of massive particle with mass [Formula: see text] constrained to move on a surface. In such a case, the difference function of the squared mean curvature with the Gaussian curvature induces a geometric (scalar) potential. This potential appears in the Schröndiger-type equations. Considering the skew curvatures of the rotational surfaces, some results on the meridian curves are obtained. Furthermore, the geometric potentials of level surfaces and generalized helicoidal surfaces are calculated. Finally, we discuss the some applications of these types of surfaces in quantum mechanics.
Perturbations with bulk viscosity in modified chaplygin gas cosmology
Authors: Munyeshyaka Albert , Dhankar Praveen Kumar , Ntahompagaze Joseph
Published: December 2024

In this work, we investigate cosmological perturbations of viscous modified chaplygin gas model. Using [Formula: see text] covariant formalism, we define covariant and gauge invariant gradient variables, which after the application of scalar decomposition and harmonic decomposition techniques together with redshift transformation method, provide the energy overdensity perturbation equations in redshift space, responsible for large-scale structure formation. In order to analyze the effect of the viscous modified chaplygin gas model on matter overdensity contrast, we numerically solve the perturbation equations in both long and short wavelength limits. The numerical results show that the energy overdensity contrast decays with redshift. However, the perturbations which include amplitude effects due to the viscous modified chaplygin model do differ remarkably from those in the [Formula: see text]CDM. In the absence of viscous modified chaplygin model, the results reduce to those of [Formula: see text]CDM.
TONE: A CHIME/FRB Outrigger Pathfinder for Localizations of Fast Radio Bursts using Very Long Baseline Interferometry
Authors: Sanghavi Pranav , Leung Calvin , Bandura Kevin , Cassanelli Tomas , Kaczmarek Jane , Kaspi Victoria M. , Khairy Kholoud , Lanman Adam , Lazda Mattias , Masui Kiyoshi W. , Mena-Parra Juan , Michilli Daniele , Pen Ue-Li , Peterson Jeffrey B. , Rahman Mubdi , Shah Vishwangi
Published: December 2024

The sensitivity and field of view of the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) has enabled its fast radio burst (FRB) backend to detect thousands of FRBs. However, the low angular resolution of CHIME prevents it from localizing most FRBs to their host galaxies. Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) can readily provide the subarcsecond resolution needed to localize many FRBs to their hosts. Thus, we developed TONE: an interferometric array of eight 6-m dishes to serve as a pathfinder for the CHIME/FRB Outriggers project, which will use wide field-of-view cylinders to determine the sky positions for a large sample of FRBs, revealing their positions within their host galaxies to subarcsecond precision. In the meantime, TONE’s [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]km baseline with CHIME proves to be an excellent testbed for the development and characterization of single-pulse VLBI techniques at the time of discovery. This work describes the TONE instrument, its sensitivity, and its astrometric precision in single-pulse VLBI. We believe that our astrometric errors are dominated by uncertainties in the clock measurements which build up between successive Crab pulsar calibrations which happen every [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]h; the wider fields-of-view and higher sensitivity of the Outriggers will provide opportunities for higher-cadence calibration. At present, CHIME-TONE localizations of the Crab pulsar yield systematic one-dimensional localization errors of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]asec — considerably better than the resolution achievable with seeing limited followup observations in the optical/near-infrared from the ground.
Forecasts of Residential Real Estate Price Indices for Ten Major Chinese Cities through Gaussian Process Regressions
Authors: Jin Bingzi , Xu Xiaojie
Published: December 2024

Due to the rapid growth of the Chinese housing market over the past ten years, forecasting home prices has become a crucial issue for investors and authorities alike. In this research, utilising Bayesian optimisations and cross validation, we investigate Gaussian process regressions across various kernels and basis functions for monthly residential real estate price index projections for ten significant Chinese cities from July 2005 to April 2021. The developed models provide accurate out-of-sample forecasts for the ten price indices from May 2019 to April 2021, with relative root mean square errors varying from 0.0207% to 0.2818%. Our findings could be used individually or in combination with other projections to formulate theories about the trends in the residential real estate price index and carry out additional policy analysis.
Reassessment and Determinants of Multidimensional Poverty: Evidence from Cross-Country Analysis
Authors: Pradhan Kalandi Charan , Kumar Guru Dayal , Sharma Bhuvesh
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to reassess multidimensional poverty measurement including the ease of doing business as an additional indicator with the existing measurements for 81 countries by human development, and identify how multidimensional poverty has changed during a very short period from 2014 to 2017. Further, using the tobit regression model, this study reveals the determinants of multidimensional poverty and its major indicators for both the periods. Results reveal that low human development countries are likely to be exposed to the highest multidimensional poverty as compared to moderate, high and very high human development countries. Surprisingly, we found that reduction of multidimensional poverty between 2014 and 2017 was the highest in moderate human development countries (8.18%), followed by high (5.27%), very high (3.94%) and low (2.67%) human development countries. Further, the findings from the regression results suggest that variables such as Global Climatic Risk index, Total Natural Resource Rents, Age Dependency Ratio and Urban Population Growth have a significant and positive impact on inducing multidimensional poverty irrespective of any group of countries. Contrastingly, Labour Force Participation Rate, higher score of Food Production Index, Personal Remittances Received and Volume of Trade significantly and negatively influence multidimensional poverty across the group of countries. As per the regression results, agricultural and external sectors (Food Production Index, Agricultural Land, Personal Remittances Received and Trade Volume) play a major role in reducing multidimensional poverty. This study will be helpful for the policy purpose to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the specific group of countries (SDGs 1–4, 6 and 7). Policy measures must focus largely on investment in the human capital along with prioritising climate risk reduction, proper planned urbanisation and strengthening legal rights for the vulnerable section of the people.
Geological storage of CO
2
in Hungary: the overview of storage potential and the role of natural occurrences
Authors: Falus Gy. , Cseresznyés D. , Szamosfalvi Á. , Szabó-Krausz Zs. , Szabó Cs. , Király Cs.
Published: December 2024

The Pannonian basin system, shared by seven Central-Eastern European countries, is one of the most prospective areas of onshore CO
2
geological storage in Europe. In the Hungarian part of the Pannonian basin system, the storage could be realized in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs and saline aquifers comprising dominantly Upper Miocene basin-filling sediments. The estimated overall potential for CO
2
storage exceeds 10
3
 Mt in the case of the Hungarian part of the Pannonian basin system. The depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs correspond to this potential with limited, but well-defined capacities. However, saline aquifers represent large but indefinite capacities in the region. Furthermore, the accessibility of hydrocarbon fields is geographically limited in contrast to saline aquifers, which are regionally widespread in the Pannonian basin system. Structures that developed in the basin-filling Late Miocene strata may also have been CO
2
rich or pure CO
2
-containing natural reservoirs. These natural laboratories represent a unique opportunity to study long-term processes taking place in the reservoir–CO
2
system and can be used to predict physical and chemical processes that are characteristic for the subsurface development during and after CO
2
injection in depleted hydrocarbon or saline aquifer reservoir.
Thinking of Algorithms as Institutions
Authors: Almeida Virgílio , Mendonça Ricardo Fabrino , Filgueiras Fernando
Published: December 2024

A route to democratic digital governance.
Bubble-Swap Flow Control
Authors: Dai Yi , Lu Kai , Ma Sheng , Jinshu Su , Dongsheng Li
Published: December 2024

Deadlock-free adaptive routing is extensively adopted in both on-chip and off-chip interconnection networks to improve communication bandwidth and reduce latency. Introducing virtual channels (VCs), also known as virtual lanes (VLs), is the mainstream technique to handle deadlocks incurred by adaptive routing, and provides VC preemption for higher priority traffic. However, existing deadlock-free flow control schemes either underutilize memory resources due to inefficient buffer management to simplify hardware implementation, or rely on complicated global coordination and synchronization with very high hardware complexity. Most hardware-friendly schemes use more VCs and memory resources to enable ease of implementation of deadlock-free flow control. In contrast, sophisticated schemes achieve deadlock freedom with minimum VC cost, even eliminating additional buffer requirement through the complicated control mechanisms. In this work, we rethink the root cause of the deadlock problem from a different perspective by considering it as a lack of credit, which makes us find an efficient solution to the deadlock problem. With minor modification of credit accumulation and return, our proposed bubble-swap flow control (BSFC) ensures atomic buffer swap between two adjacent routers only based on local credit status while making full use of the buffer space. BSFC achieves a better tradeoff between implementation complexity and memory overhead and can be easily integrated in the industrial router with no modification on buffer allocation or port arbitration. The simulation results demonstrate BSFC outperforms existing bubble-based deadlock-free methods by average 64% higher throughput. We further propose a credit reservation strategy to eliminate the escape virtual channel (VC) cost for fully adaptive routing implementation. The synthesizing results demonstrate that BSFC along with credit reservation (BSFC-CR) can reduce the area and power consumption by respectively 29% and 26% in contrast to the traditional critical bubble scheme (CBS).
PACE: A Piece-Wise Approximate Floating-Point Divider with Runtime Configurability and High Energy Efficiency
Authors: Wen Chenyi , Du Haonan , Wang Jiayi , Chen Zhengrui , Zhang Li , Sun Qi , Zhuo Cheng
Published: December 2024

Approximate computing emerges as a viable solution to enhance energy efficiency in applications sensitive to human perception, particularly on edge devices. This work introduces a novel piece-wise approximate floating-point divider that boasts resource efficiency and runtime configurability. Our method leverages a piece-wise approximation algorithm for computing 1/
y
by exploiting powers of 2, complemented by an error compensation technique grounded in thorough mathematical analysis. This approach facilitates the realization of a reciprocal-based floating-point divider devoid of multipliers, which not only mitigates hardware resource consumption but also reduces latency. Additionally, we unveil a multi-level runtime configurable hardware architecture that significantly improves flexibility across diverse application contexts. Compared to the existing state-of-the-art approximate dividers and truncated exact dividers, our proposed solution achieves a superior compromise between precision and resource efficiency. Application-level evaluations reveal that our design provides over 87.7% energy saving while maintaining a negligible impact on output quality.
A Comprehensive Survey on Physical Layer Authentication Techniques: Categorization and Analysis of Model-Driven and Data-Driven Approaches
Authors: Lai Zhifan , Chang Zikai , Sha Mingrui , Zhang Qihong , Xie Ning , Chen Changsheng , Niyato Dusit (Tao)
Published: December 2024

The open and broadcast nature of wireless mediums introduces significant security vulnerabilities, making authentication a critical concern in wireless networks. In recent years, Physical-Layer Authentication (PLA) techniques have garnered considerable research interest due to their advantages over Upper-Layer Authentication (ULA) methods, such as lower complexity, enhanced security, and greater compatibility. The application of signal processing techniques in PLA serves as a crucial link between the extraction of Physical-Layer Features (PLFs) and the authentication of received signals. Different signal processing approaches, even with the same PLF, can result in varying authentication performances and computational demands. Despite this, there remains a shortage of comprehensive overviews on state-of-the-art PLA schemes with a focus on signal processing approaches. This article presents the first thorough survey of signal processing in various PLA schemes, categorizing existing approaches into model-based and Machine Learning (ML)-based schemes. We discuss motivation and address key issues in signal processing for PLA schemes. The applications, challenges, and future research directions of PLA are discussed in Part 3 of the Appendix, which can be found in supplementary materials online.
Robustness for Space-Bounded Statistical Zero Knowledge
Authors: Allender Eric , Gray Jacob , Mutreja Saachi , Tirumala Harsha , Wang Pengxiang
Published: December 2024

We show that the space-bounded statistical zero knowledge classes

SZK
L

and

NISZK
L

are surprisingly robust, in that the power of the verifier and simulator can be strengthened or weakened without affecting the resulting class.Coupled with other recent characterizations of these classes [
5
], this can be viewed as lending support to the conjecture that these classes may coincide with the non-space-bounded classes
SZK
and
NISZK
, respectively.
GS2F: Multimodal Fake News Detection Utilizing Graph Structure and Guided Semantic Fusion
Authors: Zhou Dong , Ouyang Qiang , Lin Nankai , Zhou Yongmei , Yang Aimin
Published: December 2024

The prevalence of fake news online has become a significant societal concern. To combat this, multimodal detection techniques based on images and text have shown promise. Yet, these methods struggle to analyze complex relationships within and between modalities due to the diverse discriminative elements in the news content. In addition, research on multimodal and multi-class fake news detection remains insufficient. To address the above challenges, in this article, we propose a novel detection model, GS
2
F, leveraging
g
raph
s
tructure and
g
uided
s
emantic
f
usion. Specifically, we construct a multimodal graph structure to align two modalities and employ graph contrastive learning for refined fusion representations. Furthermore, a guided semantic fusion module is introduced to maximize the utilization of single-modal information and a dynamic contribution assignment layer is designed to weigh the importance of image, text, and multimodal features. Experimental results on Fakeddit demonstrate that our model outperforms existing methods, marking a step forward in the multimodal and multi-class fake news detection.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Dynamic Stress Myocardial CT Perfusion Compared with Invasive Physiology in Patients with Stents: The Advantage 2 Study
Authors: Andreini Daniele , Mushtaq Saima , Trabattoni Daniela , Conte Edoardo , Sonck Jeroen , Lorusso Gerardo , Galli Stefano , Monizzi Giovanni , Belmonte Marta , Grancini Luca , Teruzzi Giovanni , Troiano Sarah , Gili Sebastiano , Montorsi Piero , Olivares Paolo , Mallia Vincenzo , Marchetti Davide , Schillaci Matteo , Gallinoro Emanuele , Paolisso Pasquale , Gigante Carlo , Melotti Eleonora , Baggiano Andrea , Mancini Maria Elisabetta , Annoni Andrea , Formenti Alberto , Sakai Koshiro , Mizukami Takuya , Pontone Gianluca , Zanotto Lorenza , Bartorelli Antonio L. , Collet Carlos
Published: December 2024

The ADVANTAGE 2 prospective study showed in 156 patients with stents that dynamic stress CT perfusion improves diagnostic accuracy for the detection of territory-based ischemia beyond coronary CT angiography.
Large Language Model Ability to Translate CT and MRI Free-Text Radiology Reports Into Multiple Languages
Authors: Meddeb Aymen , Lüken Sophia , Busch Felix , Adams Lisa , Ugga Lorenzo , Koltsakis Emmanouil , Tzortzakakis Antonios , Jelassi Soumaya , Dkhil Insaf , Klontzas Michail E. , Triantafyllou Matthaios , Kocak Burak , Yüzkan Sabahattin , Zhang Longjiang , Hu Bin , Andreychenko Anna , Yurievich Efimtcev Alexander , Logunova Tatiana , Morakote Wipawee , Angkurawaranon Salita , Makowski Marcus R. , Wattjes Mike P. , Cuocolo Renato , Bressem Keno
Published: December 2024

Several large language models showed high accuracy and quality for translating radiology reports across high-resource and low-resource languages; however, no one-size-fits-all model was identified.
A High Energy Density, Non-Flow Zinc Bromine Battery Enabled by a Solubility Product Optimization Strategy
Authors: Mollick Shain Sagar , Mandal Titir , Ramakrishnan Srinivasan
Published: December 2024

The non-flow zinc-bromine battery (ZBB) is a promising, energy-dense alternative to lead-acid batteries for stationary storage applications. Yet it is plagued by instabilities related to self-discharge and corrosion caused by Br2, which is the product of charging. We report an energy-dense, non-flow ZBB achieved through a systematic screening of tetraalkylammonium halide (QX, where Q = tetraalkylammonium, X=Br–, Cl–) based Br2 trapping agents via solubility product measurements of the respective charged products, i.e. QBr3, simultaneously optimizing for the highest achievable ZnBr2 + QX concentration to maximize cell capacity. Through this strategy, we found that tetraethylammonium chloride (TEACl) provided an optimal bromine trapping ability while enabling high ZnBr2 solubility via the suppression of (TEA)2[ZnX4] formation. These attributes led to enhanced coulombic efficiency, lower charge/discharge hysteresis, and improved capacity retention at high states of charge as compared to other quaternary ammonium salts. Using porous carbon electrodes in a low-cost, stackable cell design that enables refurbishment of all the cell components, we were able to achieve extended cycling stability and a cell level energy density of 154 Wh kg−1.
The Improvement of Mg Plating/Stripping Reaction in Mg(N(CF3SO2)2)2/glyme Solutions by the Insoluble Additive with Oxymagnesium Halide Group
Authors: Sagane Fumihiro , Takeda Shoma , Kanamura Kiyoshi
Published: December 2024

Modified silica with the oxymagnesium halide group is synthesized and used as the insoluble additive for Mg secondary battery electrolytes. The coulombic efficiency of Mg plating/stripping reaction in Mg(N(CF3SO2)2)2/glyme (Mg(TFSA)2/glyme) solution is improved from 10% to over 80% and Mg stripping overvoltage almost disappears. In addition, the open circuit potential of Mg substrate reduces to 0.2 V (vs Mg2+/Mg). Therefore, the modified silica will act not only as the dissociation promotor to Mg(TFSA)2 salt, also play as the surface film remover on Mg substrate. The morphology of the plated Mg maintains to be particulate, contrary to the alumina additive cases we previously reported. From the results, we conclude that the modified silica will be the promising additive to Mg(TFSA)2/glyme solutions for the practical use in Mg secondary batteries.
Novel Methodology of General Scaling-Approach Normalization of Impedance Parameters of Insertion Battery Electrodes – Case Study on Ni-Rich NMC Cathode: Part I. Experimental and Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Firm Marko , Moškon Jože , Kapun Gregor , Talian Sara Drvarič , Kamšek Ana Rebeka , Štefančič Mateja , Hočevar Samo , Dominko Robert , Gaberšček Miran
Published: December 2024

In PART-1 of this paper, we present a generally applicable experimental methodology and a preliminary analysis strategy that can help researchers in the field of batteries to perform relevant measurements and a simple initial check of the self-consistency of the obtained impedance data of lithium-ion insertion electrodes. Using a model system based on a Ni-rich NMC active material, we demonstrate the necessary experimental steps to perform reliable and accurate impedance measurements of active electrodes (cells) and the characterization techniques required for a meaningful analysis of the obtained impedance data. We demonstrate the practical application of a simple preliminary analysis in which mass normalization of impedance spectra together with the assumption of ideal capacitive behavior allows access to the total (chemical) insertion capacitance,

C

total

, of the studied active material in an electrode. Furthermore, we show for the first time that there is an exact quantitative relationship (equality) between

C

total

, and the differential capacitance,

C

d

, of porous insertion electrodes. A series of impedance data obtained by systematically varying the NMC cathode mass (thickness) is further analyzed step by step in PART-2. Therein, we explain in detail the approach of analyzing impedance spectra using an advanced physics-based Transmission Line Model (TLM) and demonstrate the practical applicability of the scaling methodology. The main objective of PART-1 is to provide experimenters with directly applicable tools and skills to develop a basic intuition for exploring and explaining the key phenomena observed in the impedance responses of porous Li-ion insertion cathodes. PART-2 will highlight the major advantages of analyzing impedance data using physics-based models. Any model that is based on elements with physical meaning and is correct should pass the “consistency test” included in the scaling relations.
Highly Accurate Simplification of Physics-Based Electrochemical Model of All-Solid-State Battery for Online State of Charge Estimation
Authors: Chen Shiyuan , Li Hongkun , Zheng Weidong , Zhu Qiao
Published: December 2024

All-solid-state lithium batteries offer superior energy density and safety features, making them highly attractive for electric vehicles and wearable devices. Original physics-based electrochemical model can effectively simulate the internal electrochemical reactions, but they are difficult to be applied to embedded battery management systems. To facilitate the development of real-time applications based on physical models, this paper proposes a SOC prediction method based on a simplified electrochemical model (SEM). First, the transcendental transfer function is converted to third-order transfer functions using the Padé approximation. The electric field in the mass transfer overpotential is then solved using average numerical integration method. Then, the proposed SEM method under variable load conditions is verified by comparing to the results from original partial differential equations. The results show that the developed SEM strikes a balance between high fidelity and computational efficiency. By taking into account the concentration of Li+ ions in the solid electrolyte, the estimation accuracy of SOC in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 is significantly improved, compared with prior studies. Strong support is provided for the advanced control design of smart management systems of ASSBs.
New Stochastic Sensors for Simultaneous Determination of Ochratoxin A, and of Aflatoxins B1 and M1 in Food and Biological Samples
Authors: Stefan-van Staden Raluca-Ioana , Ion Cristina Bianca , van Staden Jacobus (Koos) Frederick , Cioates Negut Catalina , Ilie-Mihai Ruxandra-Maria
Published: December 2024

Three stochastic sensors based on a nanographene/ferric oxide nanoparticles matrix modified with maltodextrins I (DE 4.0–7.0), II (DE 13.0–17.0), and III (DE 16.5–19.5) can simultaneously determine mycotoxins like aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), M1 (AFM1), and OTA in coffee, milk, grape juice, and biological samples like whole blood, saliva, urine, and breast milk. The sensors’ response properties were established at two pH levels to suit sample native pH values. At pH 3.00, the sensor based on MDIII had the highest sensitivity (3.57 × 108 s−1 mol−1 l) for OTA assay, while the sensor based on MDI had the widest working concentration range (1 × 10–18–1 × 10–5 mol l−1). The sensor based on MDIII had the highest sensitivity (1.45 × 1010 s−1 mol−1 l) for AFB1 assay. At pH 7.40, the sensor based on MDII had the highest sensitivity (7.73 × 1010 s−1 mol−1 l) for OTA assay, while the sensor based on MDIII had the widest working concentration range (1 × 10–18–1 × 10–3 mol l−1). For AFB1, the sensor based on MDIII had the highest sensitivity (4.66 × 1011 s−1 mol−1 l) and the wider working concentration range (1 × 10–16–1 × 10–10 mol l−1). The recovery results (greater than 97.00%, RSD values below 1.00%) showed that the approach can simultaneously analyse the three mycotoxins in food and biological samples.
Preliminary Insights Into the Incorporation of Common Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) Into the Fish Feed: Effect on Growth Performance, Whole‐Body Proximate Composition, Fillet Fatty Acid Composition, Blood Biochemical, and Antioxidant Properties of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Dadras Faranak , Dadras Hadiseh , Chupani Latifeh , Velisek Josef , Stara Alzbeta , Tomcala Ales , Zuskova Eliska
Published: December 2024

The present study assessed the effect of common hop (Humulus lupulus L.) extract on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Fish (initial weight of 32.22 ± 0.65 g) were divided into three groups and fed diets containing 0 (control), 0.75 g (H0.75), and 1.5 g (H1.5) of common hop extract per kg of isonitrogenous, isolipidic, and isoenergetic commercial diet for 8 weeks. No significant differences in growth performance across treatments were observed (p > 0.05). Protein content in whole‐body proximate composition increased significantly in H1.5 compared to the control (p < 0.05). The H0.75 showed a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels compared to the control (p  < 0.05). While H1.5 had higher acetylcholinesterase (AChE) than group H0.75 (p  < 0.05), no significant change was observed in AChE, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in treated groups compared to the control (p  > 0.05). Blood biochemical indices, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly lower in H0.75 and H1.5 than in the control (p < 0.05), while lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased significantly in H1.5 compared to the control (p < 0.05). Cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and the number of white blood cells (WBCs) showed no significant differences across treatments (p > 0.05). H0.75 significantly increased the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) like α‐linolenic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; p < 0.05), and both H0.75 and H1.5 raised considerably the value of oleic acid and eicosatrienoic acid compared with the control (p < 0.05); in contrast, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was decreased significantly by H1.5 compared to the control (p < 0.05). Supplementation of the common hop at 0.75 and 1.5 g kg−1 positively affected farmed carp.
Electrochemical Performances of New Pr‐Doped Robust Cobalt‐Free Perovskite Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6-δ as Electrode for Symmetrical Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Osinkin Denis
Published: December 2024

Solid oxide electrochemical devices, such as fuel cells and electrolyzers, are the subject of research due to their wide range of applications. Electrochemical devices with symmetric, that is, chemically identical electrodes, have been actively investigated in recent years. This design of cells can significantly reduce the time and cost of fabrication and improve start‐up time by eliminating the fuel electrode reduction step. A serious challenge in the development of symmetrical cells is to find electrode materials that are equally effective in both air and fuel (hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, etc.) atmospheres. One such material is Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6-δ (SFM). SFM exhibits satisfactory electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity, high stability in oxidizing and reducing atmospheres, and under redox cycling of a gas environment. This paper presents, for the first time, the results of SFM studies in which a fraction of the strontium cations is replaced by praseodymium. The praseodymium cation is mainly interesting because it has two oxidation states, +3 and +4, which can positively influence the transport properties of SFM, such as electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity in various gas mixtures.
Comparison of Mixing Performance of HB Impeller as Large Paddle Impeller
Authors: Furukawa Haruki , Tanaka Takeru , Kato Yoshihito
Published: December 2024

Several large paddle impellers developed by Japanese companies are recognized for their excellent mixing performance across a wide range of fluid viscosities. Consequently, they are utilized in mixing operations involving changes in fluid physical properties, such as polymerization reactions. However, the mixing performance of various large paddle impellers has not been evaluated under identical power consumption conditions. The authors compared the mixing performance of various large impellers under the same power consumption and elucidated the mixing efficiency of a newly developed home base impeller (HB impeller). A decolourization method using iodine and sodium thiosulphate was used to evaluate mixing performance, and a torque meter was used to measure mixing power consumption. The HB impeller demonstrated superior and stable mixing performance over a wide range of Reynolds numbers, particularly in the absence of baffles.
Olaparib and Radiotherapy Induce Type I Interferon– and CD8+ T Cell–Dependent Sensitization to Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Valvo Victoria M. , Zhang Qiang , Jiang Long , Holcomb Erin A. , Pearson Ashley N. , Edmunds Anna G. , Faulkner Hailey G. , James Jadyn G. , Tate Akshay , Huber Amanda K. , Wang Zhuwen , Guo Yupei , Karnak David , Parsels Leslie A. , Parsels Joshua D. , Lei Yu L. , Rehemtulla Alnawaz , Lin Heng , Carpenter Eileen S. , Wahl Daniel R. , Sahai Vaibhav , Lawrence Theodore S. , Green Michael D. , Morgan Meredith A.
Published: December 2024

PARP inhibitors sensitize pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to radiation by inducing DNA damage and replication stress. These mechanisms also have the potential to enhance radiation-induced type I interferon (T1IFN)–mediated antitumoral immune responses. We hypothesized that the PARP inhibitor olaparib would also potentiate radiation-induced T1IFN to promote antitumor immune responses and sensitization of otherwise resistant PDAC to immunotherapy. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the effects of olaparib and radiation on T1IFN production and sensitivity to αPD-L1 immunotherapy, as well as on the tumor microenvironment by single-cell RNA sequencing. We found that olaparib enhanced T1IFN production after radiation and had superior therapeutic efficacy in immunocompetent models. Olaparib and radiation treatment sensitized PDAC tumors to αPD-L1, resulting in decreased tumor burden and a 33% complete response rate. Combination treatment provided durable immune responses as shown by tumor rejection upon tumor rechallenge of previously cured mice. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that combination treatment induced an immunogenic tumor microenvironment characterized by interferon (IFN) responses in both PDAC and myeloid cell populations, macrophage polarization, and increased CD8+ terminal effector T-cell frequency and activity, findings which were confirmed by IHC and flow cytometry. Furthermore, CD8+ T cells and T1IFN signaling were required for therapeutic efficacy as host depletion of CD8+ T cells or the T1IFN receptor diminished treatment responses. Overall, our results indicate that olaparib enhances radiation-induced T1IFN-mediated immune signaling and subsequently an adaptive immune response, thus sensitizing pancreatic cancer to αPD-L1 therapy, supporting an ongoing clinical trial of this therapy in patients with PDAC.
First-in-Human Study of ABY-029, a Novel Fluorescent Peptide that Targets EGFR, Applied to Soft-Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Samkoe Kimberley S. , Sardar Hira Shahzad , Gunn Jason R. , Elliott Jonathan Thomas , Mansur Sally , Feldwisch Joachim , Pogue Brian W. , Linos Konstantinos , Paulsen Keith D. , Henderson Eric R.
Published: December 2024

ABY-029, an anti-EGFR Affibody molecule conjugated to IRDye 800CW, recently underwent first-in-human testing in soft-tissue sarcoma. The FDA Exploratory Investigational New Drug status was obtained for the phase 0 clinical trial in which study objectives were to determine whether a biological variance ratio (BVR) of 10 was achievable, whether fluorescence intensity correlated with EGFR expression, and whether doses were well tolerated. Patients (N = 12) with soft-tissue sarcoma were recruited based on positive EGFR IHC staining of diagnostic biopsies. ABY-029 was administered at a microdose (30 nmol, n = 3), medium dose (90 nmol, n = 3), or high dose (171 nmol, n = 6) 1 to 3 hours prior to surgery. Following tumor resection, ex vivo tissue was imaged to determine the mean fluorescence intensity, BVR, and other contrast measures. EGFR expression was correlated with IHC. For micro, medium, and high doses, mean BVR (SD) values in cross-sectional slices were 4 (4), 10 (6), and 7 (8) for the whole tumor region and 6 (5), 13 (11), and 8 (6) for pathology-confirmed regions of interest, respectively. Strong linear correlations were found between all ABY-029 contrast metrics and total EGFR (r≥ 0.86; P < 0.029) in cross-sectional tissue slices and between mean fluorescence intensity and EGFR percent area (r = 0.63; P < 0.0001) in excised region-of-interest tissue sections. No ABY-029–related adverse events were observed. When administered above the microdose, ABY-029 demonstrated a high correlation with EGFR expression and contrast values that were encouraging for translation to clinical practice. Contrast values were similar to those observed with antibody agents but with a substantially reduced imaging-to-resection time and no drug-related adverse events.
Real-Life Physical Activity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults over a Year with Changes in COVID-19 Restrictions in Norway
Authors: Nygård Arnhild Jenssen , Taraldsen Kristin , Lie Maren , Skelton Dawn A. , Salvesen Øyvind O. , Helbostad Jorunn L.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns have reduced physical activity (PA) among home-dwelling older adults. The main aim of this study was to investigate how real-life PA in home-dwelling older adults changed over a year with gradual eases in COVID-19 restrictions. Methods: Community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years) were recruited from local exercise groups aimed at preventing functional decline and falls. All participants had been involved in the exercise groups before the pandemic but had been without the offer for 6 months prior to inclusion because of COVID-19 restrictions. Sensor-based PA was measured using Axivity accelerometers worn on the lower back and right thigh for seven consecutive days at baseline (autumn 2020), 6 (spring 2021) and 12 (autumn 2021) months. PA activities were classified using the HAR70+ machine learning model, validated on older adults. Results: Ninety-one older adults (78 ± 6.4 years, 88% female) were included. At baseline, 9% used walking aids and 26.5% reported a fall in the previous year. Daily time spent upright did not change, while time spent walking decreased by 8.19 min from baseline to 12 months (p < 0.048). Walking bouts of >10 min decreased with 0.5 bouts per day (p < 0.001), and the longest walking bout showed a nonsignificant decrease of 17.7 min (p = 0.056). This shows a change toward a more sedentary activity pattern over the year despite a gradual ease of the restrictions. Conclusion: In a relatively well functioning group of older adults, PA did not increase with gradual ease in COVID-19 restrictions.
Vasoproliferative Retinal Tumors: Manifestations, Management, and Outcomes in a Case Series
Authors: Faria Pereira Ana , Teixeira-Martins Rita , Rocha-Sousa Amandio , Penas Susana
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Vasoproliferative retinal tumors (VPRTs) are rare, benign retinal lesions characterized by abnormal vascular proliferation. They may appear sporadically or with systemic conditions like von Hippel-Lindau disease, often resembling other retinal lesions and posing diagnostic challenges. VPRTs can lead to vision loss if not adequately managed. Current management ranges from observation to different treatment strategies, from laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy, cryotherapy to intravitreal injections and vitrectomy. However, optimal approach is still debated due to VPRTs’ rarity and varied presentations. Case Presentations: This series presents three VPRT cases. The first, a 73-year-old man who presented with sudden vision loss due to a VPRT-related vitreous hemorrhage, required multiple interventions, including vitrectomies and anti-VEGF injections, but suffered recurrent macular edema and glaucoma, requiring ongoing management. The second, a 42-year-old asymptomatic man, showed lipid exudation and peripheral retinal detachment, needing photodynamic therapy, laser, and cryotherapy. The third, a 56-year-old woman with decreased visual acuity and epiretinal membrane, achieved stability and good visual outcomes after vitrectomy with cryotherapy. Conclusions: VPRTs pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges given their heterogeneous presentations and potential for complications. Our cases illustrate that a multimodal management strategy – incorporating tailored combinations of therapies such as laser photocoagulation, cryotherapy, anti-VEGF injections, and surgery – is essential to address individual characteristics of each patient’s disease. Personalized treatment approaches allow for precise targeting of the lesions while minimizing risk of complications, contributing to better disease stabilization and visual outcomes. Early detection and tailored management are essential, though further research is needed to establish standardized treatment protocols.
Studies on western Pacific gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia). Part 3: towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Keratoisididae) with descriptions of three new genera and four new species
Authors: XU YU , LU BO , WATLING LES , ZHAN ZIFENG , WANG CHUNSHENG , XU KUIDONG
Published: December 2024

Members of clade J3 in Keratoisididae form a large monophyletic branch but show a diversity of morphological features. Based on an integrated taxonomy approach, six specimens of deep-sea bamboo corals (Octocorallia: Keratoisididae) collected from the seamounts in the Western Pacific Ocean are described as three new genera and four new species of clade J3. Aethisis turriformis gen. et sp. nov. is characterized by branches originating in different planes forming a tree-shaped colony, a bare sclerite-free area present at the base of each tentacle, and in polyps and coenenchyme flat rods and thick scales often with toothed lateral edges and two rounded ends. Parajasonisis flabellata gen. et sp. nov. is characterized by alternately and biserially arranged polyps, flat rods/needles in the upper polyp body wall, and flat rods and elongate and thick scales in the basal polyp body wall and coenenchyme. Dentatisis gen. nov. is characterized by flat rods in tentacles with dentate lateral edges and two rounded and slightly expanded ends, irregular rods with conical projections in the pharynx, granulated needles and flat rods both present in polyp body wall. Dentatisis bathyalis sp. nov. has dense scales with a medial constriction in basal polyp body wall and coenenchyme, and needles forming longitudinal bands at the mesenterial insertions, extending to the upper polyp body wall. Dentatisis projecta sp. nov. is characterized by trumpet-shaped polyps with large needles projecting beyond the tentacles bases, abundant granulated rods/needles, and scales absent in polyp body wall and coenenchyme. The species in clade J3, especially the genus Dentatisis gen. nov., show high morphological differentiation. Phylogenetic analyses of mtMutS and 28S rDNA both supported the assignment of the new genera and species. Compared with mtMutS, 28S rDNA showed high genetic variation with the three new genera each forming single clades respectively with moderate to high support in 28S rDNA trees. The nuclear marker 28S rDNA may be more effective than the mitochondrial marker mtMutS, and could be a promising marker to distinguishing keratoisidid congeners.
A new species of Sessilogoga (Crustacea: Thecostraca: Ascothoracida) parasitic in an antipatharian from Bidong Island, Malaysia
Authors: KOLBASOV GREGORY A. , SAVCHENKO ALEXANDRA S.
Published: December 2024

More than 30 specimens of both sexes of a new endoparasitic ascothoracidan, described herein as Sessilogoga perfuga sp. nov. in the family Synagogidae, were found infecting the colonies of the antipatharian Antipathes cf. curvata at 25–29 m depth in the vicinity of Bidong Island, Kuala Nerus District, Malaysia. Several individuals were observed alive and photographs and videos were taken of parasites both inside the host and after they have left the coral. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used supplementing light microscopy examinations to study external morphology of both sexes at the ultrastructural level. Carapace ornamentation, armature of antennules, telson and furcal rami, as well as fine details of the mouthparts were studied with SEM. All three known species of the genus Sessilogoga share several synapomorphies, probably connected with their endoparasitic way of life, that distinguish them from closely related Synagoga and Waginella: (i) a smaller frontal filament complex; (ii) the absence of epaulets on thoracomere 6; (iii) fewer setae on the proximal antennular segments; and (iv) more seminal receptacles in any given pair of thoracopods. Here we discuss characters that can be used for identification of Sessilogoga species: (i) the armament of antennules; (ii) the form of the tips of maxillules; (iii) setation of thoracopods; (iv) number of seminal receptacles; (v) structure of telsonic spines; and (vi) length/height ratio of furcal rami. Molecular gene sequences of CO1 marker of the new species are provided for future phylogenetic analysis of the Ascothoracida.