bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
B Cell Depletion Curtails CD4+ T Cell Memory and Reduces Protection against Disseminating Virus Infection
Authors: Misumi Ichiro , Whitmire Jason K.
Published: January 2014

Dynamic interactions between CD4+ T cells and B cells are needed for humoral immunity and CD4+ T cell memory. It is not known whether B cells are needed early on to induce the formation of memory precursor cells or are needed later to sustain memory cells. In this study, primary and memory CD4+ T cells responses were followed in wild-type mice that were depleted of mature B cells by anti-CD20 before or different times after acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. The Ab treatment led to a 1000-fold reduction in B cell number that lasted 6 wk. Primary virus-specific CD4+ Th1 cells were generated in B cell–depleted mice; however, there was a decrease in the CD4+Ly6CloTbet+ memory precursor population and a corresponding 4-fold reduction in CD4+ memory cell number. Memory T cells showed impaired cytokine production when they formed without B cells. B cell depletion had no effect on established memory populations. During disseminating virus infection, B cell depletion led to sustained weight loss and functional exhaustion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and prevented mice from resolving the infection. Thus, B cells contribute to the establishment and survival of memory CD4+ T cells post–acute infection and play an essential role in immune protection against disseminating virus infection.
KIR3DL01 Recognition of Bw4 Ligands in the Rhesus Macaque: Maintenance of Bw4 Specificity since the Divergence of Apes and Old World Monkeys
Authors: Schafer Jamie L. , Colantonio Arnaud D. , Neidermyer William J. , Dudley Dawn M. , Connole Michelle , O’Connor David H. , Evans David T.
Published: January 2014

The identification of MHC class I ligands for rhesus macaque killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) is fundamental to our basic understanding of KIR and MHC class I coevolution and to the study of NK cell responses in this nonhuman primate model for AIDS and other viral diseases. In this study, we show that Mamu-KIR3DL01, which is expressed by ∼90% of rhesus macaques, recognizes MHC class I molecules with a Bw4 motif. Primary NK cells expressing Mamu-KIR3DL01 were identified by staining with a mAb which, in this study, was shown to bind Mamu-KIR3DL01 allotypes with an aspartic acid at position 233. The cytolytic activity of Mamu-KIR3DL01+ NK cells was suppressed by cell lines expressing the Bw4 molecules Mamu-B*007:01, -B*041:01, -B*058:02, and -B*065:01. The Bw4 motif was necessary for Mamu-KIR3DL01 recognition because substitutions in this region abrogated Mamu-KIR3DL01+ NK cell inhibition. However, the presence of a Bw4 motif was not sufficient for recognition because another Bw4 molecule, Mamu-B*017:01, failed to suppress the cytolytic activity of these NK cells. Replacement of three residues in Mamu-B*017:01, predicted to be KIR contacts based on the three-dimensional structure of the human KIR3DL1-HLA-Bw4 complex, with the corresponding residues at these positions for the other Mamu-Bw4 ligands restored Mamu-KIR3DL01+ NK cell inhibition. These results define the ligand specificity of one of the most polymorphic and commonly expressed KIRs in the rhesus macaque and reveal similarities in Bw4 recognition by Mamu-KIR3DL01 and human KIR3DL1, despite the absence of an orthologous relationship between these two KIRs or conservation of surface residues predicted to interact with MHC class I ligands.
Professor Adrianus van Seims
Authors: Van Wyk W. C.
Published: January 2014

Professor Adrianus van Seims An eulogy in honour of the late Professor A van Seims (1906-1984), who filled the chair of Semitic Languages at the University of Pretoria from 1948 to 1971. It is an introduction to Volume 41, 2 (1985) of the Hervormie Teologiese Studies?, journal of the Faculty of Theology (Section A) at the University of Pretoria. The specific Number is entitled Dedicata Adrianus van Seims. The articles concerned are contributions of some of his postgraduated students who lecture Semitic Languages or Old and New Testament at South African universities. The eulogy contains a review of the life and work of Professor Van Seims as well as a complete list of his publications.
Hosea 12:1–14
Authors: Breytenbach A. P.B.
Published: January 2014

In this article it is shown that Hosea 12:1–14 is a literary unit which comprises four parts (1–3, 4–7, 8–10, 12–14). The first three units deal with the falseness and fraud of Israel/Efraim against God and men. The last unit states that God speaks by means of similes. Three prophecies in simile-form follow, stating that Israel like Gilead will not be able to avert the impending disaster even if they sacrificed bulls (vs 12), that Israel like Jacob will go into exile (vs 13), and that Israel as in the time of the exodus will be redeemed (vs 14).
'n Eksegese van Jeremia 7:1–15
Authors: Da Silva A. A.
Published: January 2014

Jeremia 7:1–1 5 is a judgment prophecy in the style of a court verdict. Each of the five subdivisions is functional: The introduction underlines the divine authority of the judgment; the part between the introduction and the charge states the 'Law' by which the nation's transgressions would be tried; the charge stipulates the nature and gravity of the transgressions; the part between the charge and the sentence quotes a previous 'case' and the sentence stipulates that the punishment will be the same as the punishment executed against Shilo: the temple will be destroyed, and the inhabitants of Judah will be rejected.
Vertellersperspektief en die 'temporele' funksie van die Ou Testament in die Matteusevangelie
Authors: Van Aarde A. G.
Published: January 2014

Narrative point of view and the 'temporal' function of the Old Testament in Matthew's gospel Matthew's gospel has to be read as a narration with an ongoing plot and an open-end. The plot commences with a reference to the Old Testament and ends with an allusion to the consummation of time at the parousia. And yet, the Old Testament isn't present in Matthew as a separate timesequence. The plot consists of two explicit time-sequences, namely the 'time' of the pre-Easter Jesus-commisiion and the 'time' of the post-Easter disciples-commission. To convey his point of view to his readers, the narrator creates a correlative analogy between these two sequences. The thesis of the article is that the Old Testament functions as the point of analogy and continuity between the two commissions. This thesis is debated against the purport of the various opinions of Matthaean scholars concerning the 'temporal' function of the Old Testament.
Wat doen die wysheid in Spreuke 8:30 en 31?
Authors: Venter P. M.
Published: January 2014

Wisdom plays a very important role in the relationship between God and man. Evaluating this role, as it is expressed in Proverbs 8:30–31, attention is paid to the poetical structure in which these verses are found, the possible link with Ancient Near Eastern wisdom literature, and the place of wisdom literature within a theology of the Old Testament and Biblical theology.
Die verhouding Bybelse teologie en dogmatiese teologie
Authors: Pelser G. M.M.
Published: January 2014

The interrelationship between biblical theology and dogmatic theology The question posed in this article is whether biblical theology has the task of providing dogmatic theology with material for the latter to accomplish its own task. The answer given is that dogmatic theology should not be performed without first acknowledging the results of biblical theology. Although biblical theology is primarily concerned with what the text meant, it can and should also indicate what it means today. In this regard it can provide dogmatic theology with the necessary material, however in many cases perhaps in diverse and not in systematised form. To systematise where possible, is for dogmatic theology to decide.
Die dogmatiese binding van die prediking
Authors: Dreyer T. F.J.
Published: January 2014

The confessional binding of preaching The preacher as an ordained minister of his church is bound by the church confessions. This confessional binding has a certain influence and restriction on his preaching. This research is an attempt to evaluate the influence of the confession of the church on the process of hermeneutical understanding and preaching.
Zwingli en Leo Jud se Zürichse Doopformulier
Authors: Storm J. G.M.
Published: January 2014

The Zurich Baptismal Formulary of Zwingli and Leo Jud The author expands on Zwingli and Leo Jud's Zurich order of baptism now to be discussed. The sacrament of baptism does not ensure salvation for the pious. All sinners can only be saved by the grace of God. The baptismal ceremony does not entitle the cleansing of sin. It promises the baptized that he is the property of the Lord. Baptism is the sign to show that we are saved from sin by the grace of God. The children of believing Christians can therefore receive baptism as a sign of salvation as children of God, exactly like the children in the time of the Old Testament. They form part of a covenant. In the time of the Old Testament it was known as circumcision - today it is known as baptism.
Die gelykenisse van Jesus: Klassifikasie en prediking
Authors: Van Aarde A. G.
Published: January 2014

The parables of Jesus: Classification and preaching The article's intention is to evaluate with a pragmatic aim in mind, viz preaching, the traditional classification of Jesus' parables under the headings similitude, parable-proper, example-story and cdlegory. The basic thesis is that the emphasis should be on metaphoricity, narrativity and reference rather than the above-mentioned formgeschichtliche categories. The story of the Good Samaritan in Luke 10: 25-37 serves as a case study.
Die funksie van die belydenis en die dogma in die struktuur van die Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk en die implikasies daarvan vir die predikant
Authors: Pont A. D.
Published: January 2014

The function of the Confession and Doctrine in the structure of the NHK and the implications thereof for a minister of the WordThe whole question of the function of the Confession and Doctrine in the structure of the NHK is mainly a question of church order. This matter is treated, in the first place, by looking at history and the calvinist roots of the Church. Because the Confessio Belgica names the true preaching of the Word as one of the marks of the Church, it is of paramount importance for the Church to maintain true preaching. The norm by which true preaching is measured, is the regula fidei, i e the Bible and in the second place the Confession and the Doctrine. In the form of subscription by the ministers of the Word they acknowledge that Confession is in accordance with the Word and therefore a true norm for measuring true preaching. Three cases of alleged heresy committed by ministers are examined to determine in which way the Church Councils applied the mentioned norms.
Verbond en volkskerk
Authors: Pont A. D.
Published: January 2014

Covenant and volkskerk The Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk states in its Church Order that it is a volkskerk. This designation does not immediately signify that it is a nationally exclusive church. A historical line is researched to try and assess what the term volkskerk does imply. The 16th century calvinist position is examined and then the situation during the reign of the Dutch East India Company of the Cape from 1652-1795. The Patriot-period is investigated and also the position of the Church of the Voortrekkers as well as in the old Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek. Historically speaking, the structure of the covenant of grace and Art 36 of the Confessio Belgica give the true meaning of the term volkskerk as used by the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk till 1899. However, it is clear that the term volkskerk in the contemporary Order has another content than the meaning which it carried in the previous century.
Die universiteit en die goeie lewensorde
Authors: Oberholzer J. P.
Published: January 2014

The university and a wholesome community order The origins of the main ideas underlying university education are to be sought in the Ancient Near East, where from the earliest times the ideals of a safe and wholesome community order led to education and training. The complicated nature of modem society demands attention to formative education in balance with training for specific purposes.
Die verwysing van hupèr eléous in Romeine 15:9
Authors: Engelbrecht E.
Published: January 2014

The reference of hupèr eléous in Romans 15:9 The question of how hupèr eléous is to be understood in Romans 15:9 is answered with two presuppositions in mind. The letter to the Romans is understood as a paranetic reminder which culminates in 15:7-13. Furthermore it is argued that the context of this passage is the letter itself rather than a Pauline theology. The microstructure of the term is investigated to determine the resiprocal interrelationship between the term and its immediate neighbourhood. These results are used to control the presuppositions relating to the macro-context. The term hupèr eléous functions within the idea that Christ's acceptance of the congregation is coordinated by God's truthfulness towards Israel and his mercy towards the gentiles. This mercy of God is a new and surprising act of God, but since this mercy of God is Christ's acceptance of the gentiles, it is related to God's truthfulness to Israel which was manifested in Christ's confirmation of the promises given to the patriarchs. This has implications for the interrelationship between the church and the Jews.
Die brief aan Rheginos: Oor geloof en rede en die opstanding
Authors: Vorster W. S.
Published: January 2014

The letter to Rheginos: On faith and reason and the resurrection The article consists of an introduction to and an Afrikaans translation of the Coptic Epistle to Rheginos on the resurrection. It is dedicated to Professor JAAA Stoop as a token of appreciation for his contribution to promote the study of early Christian literature in South Africa.
Die wonderbaarlike vermeerdering van brood (Matt 14:13–21 en par): Historiese kritiek in perspektief
Authors: Van Aarde A. G.
Published: January 2014

The miraculous multiplication of loaves (Mt 14:13–21 and par): Historical criticism in perspective Certain aspects of the historical critical method are applied to the doublet of the narration of the miraculous multiplication of loaves in the Gospels of Mark and Matthew. An offset is that a single tradition apparently lies beyond the doublet. Furthermore, that the first narrative has been moulded from out of a particularistic perspective within a Palestinian situation in early Christianity and the second from out of an universalistic perspective within 'n Hellenistic situation. Thirdly, that Mark in his redactional interpretation of the narration used these perspectives for the purpose of eucharistic catechesis. Matthew, on the other hand, reinterpreted Mark's usage, fashioned the doublet into a messianic meal and emphazised more explicitly the intermediary role of the disciples in the feeding of the crowd. The article's intention is to put the historical critical method in perspective against the accusation that this method is a threat to the church and reformational theology.
Die gelykenis van die barmhartige Samaritaan: Narratiewe tegnieke en vergelykingskonstruksies
Authors: Gräbe I.
Published: January 2014

The parable of the Good Samaritan: Narrative techniques within an extended comparison This paper argues that the narrative structure of the parable as an extended comparison is crucial to an elucidation of religious doctrine. The content of neighbourly love is clarified through the presentation of narrative material in the parable of the Good Samaritan. The arrangement of events, the distribution of actantial roles and the manipulation of focalization all point to an unexpected revelation of neighbourly love: the loving deed of the Samaritan is presented as a deviation from normal or expected behaviour; contrary to accepted social classification, the person capable of neighbourly love is an outcast; and lastly, the person in need of help determines from his point of view which one of the passers-by is capable of love. The universal applicability of the parable may be traced to the structure of the comparison where the vehicles are given but the tenors left open.
Die funksie van die wondervertellings in die Jonaverhaal
Authors: Venter P. M.
Published: January 2014

The function of the miracle stories in the Jonah narrative The narrator uses the miracle stories in Jonah for characterization. His use of these stories is unique in the literature of the Old Testament, as he uses them to put God and Jonah diametrically opposed to each other. This can be seen from the way in which he combines different genres and uses several narrative techniques to construct the plot of the story.
'Aanhalings' van die Ou Testament deur die Nuwe Testament: Hosea 11:1/Matteus 2:15
Authors: Prinsloo W. S.
Published: January 2014

Quotations of the Old Testament in the New Testament: Hosea 11:1/Matthew 2:15 The quotation of Hosea 11:1 in Matthew 2:15 does not cancel the original meaning of Hosea 11:1. Neither can Matthew 2 be implemented as a criterium to interpret Hosea 11. Both Hosea 11 and Matthew 2 have their own unique message and both have to be taken equally seriously into consideration.
Enkele gedagtes oor Matteus se gebruikmaking van die Ou Testament in Matteus 2:15
Authors: Du Toit A. B.
Published: January 2014

Some thoughts on Matthew's usage of the Old Testament in Matthew 2:15 To make general statements on Old Testament quotations in the New is extremely hazardous. Therefore one citation only is pinpointed. The micro-context of Matthew's citation of Hosea 11:1 shows that a very close relationship between Jesus and Israel is established and that the sojourn in Egypt is doubly divinely sanctioned. An analysis of the quotation within the wider gospel context not only confirms this but also shows that Matthew uses it in a very sophisticated way. He intends 'theologizing' Jesus' childhood movements, showing them to be part of God's plan for his Messiah. This may also have an apologetic undertone. The quotation is in another sense christologically important: It forms part of a chain of Christological pronouncements. Jesus' identity can, however, only be revealed by God himself. We cannot endorse Matthew's usage of the Old Testament quotation in Hosea 11:1, but we can appreciate how he came to his understanding of it. His association of Jesus with Israel must have played a major role. More information on the Wirkungsgeschichte of this text in Early Judaism would probably have furthered our understanding.
PS Dreyer: Bakens op die pad van die wetenskap
Authors: Antonites A. J.
Published: January 2014

PS Dreyer: Beacons on the path of science Professor PS Dreyer is an academic who has shown insight and vision into several problems of the human sciences since 1951. He has identified problems, but also contributed solutions to them. In this respect his philosophy on causality and freedom is of utmost importance. The same applies to his investigations into the relationship history-Christianity as well as the unity of sciences and how the concepts scientific, unscientic and nonscientific are related to one another. His contribution to the understanding of Greek philosophy should be of significance for time to come. Two milestones could be distinguished: Dreyer's particular solution to the problem of the criterion on truth, viz meaningfulness and his notion of the knowledge of values in ethics by valuation in contradistinction to knowledge through feeling, reason and will.
Die Christen en die owerheid volgens Romeine 13:1–7
Authors: Pelser G. M. M.
Published: January 2014

The Christian and the ruling authorities according to Romans 13:1–7 In this article the question is posed as to the appropriate understanding and applicability of Romans 13:1–7 in modern times and modem political situations, especially in the light of world wide revolutionary tendencies and activities. First the most crucial exegetical questions inherent in and attached to the passage in the history of exegesis are examined and commented on. The conclusion arrived at, is that although the passage as a self-contained unit stands somewhat loose from its paraenetical context and has its parallels in Jewish-Hellenistic thought, there is no reason to minimise the thrust of its admonition to subjection to ruling authorities. This cannot be done either on the grounds that the passage is non-Pauline or on the grounds of metaphysical, historico-political or eschatological considerations. Regarding the understanding and applicability of the passage in our present situation, the conclusion is that the Christian at least should always adhere to the main purport of the passage, but not necessarily unqualified. Because the passage stands hermeneutically in a dialectical relationship to every new situation, it should be treated in a responsible way in such new situation without, however, either letting the situation prescribe the exegesis or letting the passage enforce itself as dogma upon the situation.
Die skepping as gelykenis: 'n Beoordeling van die skeppingsleer van Karl Barth in die lig van die appel van die ekologiese krisis
Authors: Buitendag J.
Published: January 2014

The creation as an analogy: An assessment of the doctrine of creation of Karl Barth in the light of the appeal of the ecological crisis In a comprehensive article in Afrikaans, the author points out that the problem of the relation between man and nature has become eminent as a result of the ecological crisis. The doctrine of creation as offered by Barth, does to a certain extent, present a coherence of being amongst creatures, but is nontheless not accepted. The main reason for this is that his ontological principle of covenant imputes a docetic character to the creation. This is ascribed to the fact that Barth operated with a canon behind the canon. The author concludes his article by outlining some distinctive features of a theologia naturae.
Die skeppingsmites as simbole van psigiese prosesse
Authors: Naudé J. P.
Published: January 2014

Creation myths as symbols of psychic processes The thesis which has been taken from the Jungian psychology and which is discussed in this article, is the following: Creation myths represent unconscious and preconscious psychic processes which constitute the origin of the development of the human being's consciousness of the world. This implies that the creation myths don't describe the origin of the cosmos. They refer to psychic processes which accompany the growth of human consciousness out of the unconscious. This growth process is discussed in terms of the Jungian concepts of the collective unconscious, archetypes, consciousness and ego, the personal unconscious and complexes, the persona and the shadow, the self and the individuation process.
'Ken' as deel van die spraakpatroon van die verteller in die Johannesevangelie
Authors: Engelbrecht E.
Published: January 2014

'To know' as part of the pattern of speech of the narrator in John's gospel In line with modem narrative theory, this study presupposes that point of view is manifested on several planes in the narrative. It is argued that in John's gospel the phraseological plane should play a key role when point of view is established. With this presupposition in mind the pattern of speech of the narrator is shown. The narrative is ripped lengthwise along 'to know' and related terms. A cross-cut is then made at those points where 'to know' and related terms occur. As a result of this method a distinct pattern of speech emerged. From this pattern it is concluded that the narrator's point of view is that Jesus is the legitimate Christ because He knows that He was sent by the Father and that He will return to his Father. Because of this knowledge Jesus obeys His Father.
Ironie in die Johaimesevangelie
Authors: Kotzé P. P. A.
Published: January 2014

Irony in the Gospel of John An exponent of literary theory and criticism described the shift of focus from the text to the reader as a revolution. One of the main features of irony is the intensive involvement of the reader. As far as John is concerned, some scholars are convinced that 'In the Fourth Gospel theology is irony'. This may be an exaggeration, but emphasises the need to ascertain to v/hat extent irony is used in John and what contribution the study of irony in John can make to the better understanding of the message of the Gospel. In order to answer these questions, one must first determine what irony is, how it functions and how it can be detected in a text. This article is an attempt in this direction.
The intermediate state in Paul
Authors: Fryer N. S. L.
Published: January 2014

The point of view taken in this paper is that the apostle Paul envisions, between death and the resurrection of the body at the Parousia, an interim period during which the disembodied soul is in the immediate presence of Christ, though in a state of 'nakedness'. The background of Paul's view lies neither in contemporary Hellenistic religious-philosophical speculations nor in 'late-Judaism'. Two crucial 'forces' in particular moulded his perspective, viz the teachings of Jesus and His own rapture to 'Paradise'.
Geskiedenis en geloof: Gedagtes van en oor Emst Troeltsch
Authors: Botha P. J. J.
Published: January 2014

History and faith: Considering the ideas of Ernst Troeltsch The work of Ernst Troeltsch (1865-1923) is an important contribution to the discussion on the relationship between faith and history. This article structures Troeltsch's work around his fundamental wrestling with historicism as a valid world view. His views on history and the philosophy of history are summarised, as well as his explanation of the theological task. These are followed by indicating some aspects of his philosophical paradigm. In conclusion some problems that Troeltsch tried to solve, are pointed out as relevant to our own situation.
Die vestiging van die Kerk in Natal, die Vrystaat en Transvaal na afloop van die Groot Trek
Authors: Storm J. M. G.
Published: January 2014

The settlement of the Church in Natal, the Free Stale and Transvaal after the Great Trek After settling in the Orange Free State, Natal and Transvaal, the Voortrekkers established congregations in Port Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Wenen, Winburg and Potchefstroom. The House of Assembly appointed an Americal missionary, Daniel Lindley, as minister of the Voortrekkers. After the annexation by England of Natal and Orange Free State, the congregations in these areas were incorporated in the Dutch Reformed Church of the Cape Colony. The Cape Synod admitted these congregations to the Church district of Transgariep. The congregation in Transvaal was the only congregation that was left of the Voortrekkerkerk.
Hoogmoed as motief in die profetiese uitsprake teen nie-Israelitiese volke
Authors: Boshoff F. J.
Published: January 2014

Pride as motif in the prophecies against foreign nations Pride is a common motif in the prophecies against foreign nations. The concept of pride in these prophecies must be understood in a theological context, i.e. that everything has its place and function within the world order. Pride represents a short-circuit within this world order. It is God who acts against pride, every time. Significantly, pride as a motif appears especially in times of exile.
Die funksie van die skeppingstradisie in Jeremia 5:20–29
Authors: Da Silva A. A.
Published: January 2014

The function of the tradition of creation in Jeremiah 5:20–29 Jeremiah 5:20–29 is analysed synchronically as well as diachronically in an attempt to determine how and with what purpose references to the tradition of creation are made in the pericope. The following conclusions are drawn: that the references to the tradition of creation in Jeremiah 5:20–29 are made to emphasize the gravity of Israel's sins; and, by combining it with references to the Sinai tradition, to stress the need for repentance and reversion to God.
Evolution, knowledge and Christian faith: Gerd Theissen and the credibility of theology
Authors: Van Huyssteen Wentzel
Published: January 2014

In this article the way in which Theissen uses the evolutionary paradigm as a comprehensive framework for interpreting not only central themes in theology but also the credibility of theology as such, is analysed from an epistemological point of view. Theissen's overall choice for critical rationalism is critized as an epistemological blurring of paradigms, and thus of models of rationality, and typified as a quest for realism and explanatory progress in theology instead. In interpreting the evolutionary paradigm for theology, Theissen does, however, open up exciting possibilities for retaining the scientific and cognitive status of theological statements.
Oor die Nuwe Testament, vertelkunde en prediking
Authors: Vorster Willem S.
Published: January 2014

On the New Testament, narratology and preaching In this essay, which was originally prepared for a seminar on preaching at the Rand Afrikaans University, implications of the narrative character of a major part of the New Testament are discussed. In the first part, which deals with the New Testament and narratology, attention is paid to various aspects relating to the interpretation of New Testament narrative material. The second part of the essay deals with the problems involved in the preaching of narrative material.
En nou bly Skepper, skepsel, skepping - hierdie drie: 'n Teologiese profiel van die ekologiese debat
Authors: Buitendag J.
Published: January 2014

These three remain. Creator, creature, creation: A theological profile of the ecological debate In a comprehensive article the author points out that the problem of the relationship between man and nature has become eminent as a result of the ecological crisis. In his search to find a coherence of being, the author presents a state of affairs of the current debate. The solution is being looked for in a pneumatological doctrine of creation which accommodates the quantum physic's concept of time together with that of evolution.
Opmerkings oor die teologie van Psalm 106
Authors: Oberholzer J. P.
Published: January 2014

Remarks on the theology of Psalm 106 A structural analysis of this liturgical song shows up the prayer for deliverance (vs 47) as focal point, cast against the background of the confession of guilt (vs 6), elaborated by reference to past history. Theologically the psalm is representative of what can be found on many pages of the Old Testament. A liturgy constructed around the history between God and man finds full richness in the contrast between divine and htmian acts and in the confession of the saving grace which gives life in spite of the contrast.
Selfgetuienis en interpretasie
Authors: Potgieter P. C.
Published: January 2014

Self-evidence and interpretation Hermeneutics has become a major issue in current theological thought. It is quite apparent that the interpretation of Holy Scripture is one of the most often discussed subjects amongst theologians. As to the authority of the Bible, its self-evidence is a particularly noticeable factor. This in turn has a direct bearing on the explicatio and applicatio o f Scripture in preaching, and consequently on the very life of the church. It is argued that, even though the human factor should not be minimized, God Himself is subject of his Word in those various statures in which it addresses mankind.
Calvyn en die Calvinisme
Authors: Engelbrecht B. J.
Published: January 2014

Calvin and Calvinism The theology of Calvin had and still has a worldwide influence. During the course of history, theologians suggested various themes as the central theme of Calvin's theology around which it is possible to structure all the aspects of his theological thought to a coherent system. It is a question if this is really possible writhout a lesser or greater measure of distortion of Calvin's own theological thought. In this article two 'central themes' are treated, that is the theme of the soli Deo gloria and the theme of the sola et tola Scriptura. In each case Calvin's own thinking on the subject concerned, is described and then the various interpretations in history of the theme concerned are treated. In this way trends in calvinistic thinking and groups such as Kuypers Neo-Calvinism, the Social Gospel, the rationalistic Orthodoxism, the methodistic Pietism, the Enlightenment, theological Liberalism and modem hermeneutics are broached. Finally, ensuing from this, the most important issues to be adrcssed presently in Calvinistic thought, are identified.
Die bedreiging van die gemeente in Kolosse
Authors: Roberts J. H.
Published: January 2014

The threat to the church in Colossae The variety of opinions on the matter of the Colossian error is illustrated by means of a brief overview of some of the most important contributions, taking into account a number of more recent discussions. The testimony of the text on the matters raised by the previous section is then discussed from the point of view of Colossians' distinctive textual form, as well as the stress on confessional material in the letter. Under this last heading the contents of the confessional pronouncement in 1: 13—20 is summarised, followed by a characterisation of what is now called the threat to the Christian community and which was found to be a Jewish mystical group outside of the community. In conclusion it is suggested that an interpretation along these lines can help to solve the problems of eschatology and Holy Spirit in Colossians.
Language, meaning, sense and reference: Matthew's passion narrative and Psalm 22
Authors: Van Tilborg S.
Published: January 2014

The passion narrative of Jesus as told by Matthew is a verbal enunciation which finds its place next to other passion narratives in which the narrator lets the protagonist use the words of the '1' person of Psalm 22 and in which the narrator describes internal and external conflicts with the words of the Psalm. Against the background of the Greek Septuagint and the Aramaic text in the Targum, parallel to what the hymnist of Qumran tries to do and the narrator of the story about Aseneth, based on the narrative as we find it in Mark, Matthew took Psalm 22 as anchor for his story. What is described in the Psalm, happens in the life and death of Jesus. To approach Jesus' passion more closely, Matthew used poetic language: words on words on words. The passion and death of Jesus has thus become literature, an ambiguous attempt to express the impossible. The question, 'how can one maintain today compassion against the forces of violence?', is the concern of the article.
Prof dr FJ van Zyl as mens, kerkman en godsdiensfilosoof
Authors: Van der Merwe P. J.
Published: January 2014

Prof Dr FJ van Zyl as person, church personality and philosopher of religion Professor Francois Jacobus van Zyl (1913-05-06 -) served as Head of the Department of Science of Religion and Missiology, Faculty of Theology (Section: Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk), University of Pretoria, during the period 1960-1978. This article (written by a former student of his and present Head of the same Department) contains a short biography, a discussion of his views on Theology, Science of Religion and Philosophy of Religion, and a bibliography. He is portrayed as a theologian with Barthian convictions, while been influenced by Emil Brunner and to a lesser extent by Hendrik Kraemer also. His primary audience was the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk and his theological activities (especially in the period 1960-1983) must be seen in relation to his influential role in same church.
Prof dr FJ van Zyl as sendingteoloog
Authors: VanWyk D. J.C.
Published: January 2014

Prof Dr FJ van Zyl as mission theologian In this article, the theology of mission of Prof dr FJ van Zyl is being explored. This is done by way of his lectures in the Science of Mission at the University of Pretoria during 1960-1978 and also from articles in the magazines of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk dating back approximately forty years. It is found that almost none of his dictions is outdated. The radical cataclysm in the theology of mission, especially after 1961, he sharply detected and exposed. His theology of mission is built on a very broad theological base which can be described as theology of the Word. To him mission is proclamation.
Die wysgerige agtergrond van die Hervormde teologiese opleiding aan die Universiteit van Pretoria
Authors: Dreyer P. S.
Published: January 2014

The philosophical background of the theological training of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Church of Afrika at the University of Pretoria Since the inception of the theological training of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Church of Africa at the University of Pretoria in 1917 philosophy has been a mandatory subject for all propaedeutic theological students. The history of the Department of Philosophy is traced to show the prevalent types of philosophy taught in the Department, because the philosophical training is considered important as preparation for theological training.
Teologisering vir die gesekulariseerde mens
Authors: Koekemoer J. H.
Published: January 2014

Doing theology for secularised man One of the problems of theology today is how to tell the stoiy of Jesus to modern man in such a way that he still can belief in God. Paul van Buren tried to make the gospel comprehensible to modern man by making use of the verification principle of linguistic analysis, and he consequently reduced the whole of the gospel to a single content, that of freedom, around which he them thematised a theology that according to him, should be relevant. By bringing about this reduction he argued that the gospel should be stripped of all metaphysical content so that it could pass the test of verification and lay claim to truth and reality. Because he argued in terms of the logic postivism we can not accept his method. But the issue is still on the table namely: How to translate the gospel and the simbols of the church in such a way that it still can communicate with modern man. On this issue the Dogmatics is still working and by using various methods tries to find answers on this important issue.
Teologie as wetenskap: Aantekeninge van buite die sistematiese Teologie
Authors: Oberholzer J. P.
Published: January 2014

Theology as science. Remarks from outside the sistematic theology Starting with a definition of science as a critical, systematic, controllable investigation, interpretation and description of what can be known or thought, the question whether theology could be regarded as a science is treated and positively answered, with ultimate preference for the term responsible theology, and reference to the theology practised in this faculty.
Die priesterskap van die gelowiges soos Calvyn dit gesien het
Authors: Pont A. D.
Published: January 2014

The priesthood of all believers as seen by Calvin The Lutheran thesis of the priesthood of all believers was also taken over by John Calvin. The position of this thesis in Calvin’s theology is examined and it is shown that Calvin does not trea t this thesis as a separate statement. A short introduction is given of the main points Calvin explores when he discusses the meaning of the thesis. In the end it is shown that Calvin developed the thesis of the universal priesthood in such a low-key form to preserve the order in the Church and the prime position of the preaching of the gospel.
’n Nuwe-Testamentiese begronding van die eenheid van die kerk en die eis om kerkeenheid vandag
Authors: Van Aarde A. G.
Published: January 2014

The foundation of the unity of the church in the New Testament and the quest for unity today Early Christendom was not an Unitarian movement, but in the New Testament there is a quest for unity. However, this unity was not juridically meant to be institutional of nature. The concern of this article is to argue that the unity of the church in the New Testament is Theologically, Christologically, Pneumatically and kerygmatically founded. Since the church is the household of God, the relationship similar to that of a family home will hold the church together. Building upon the foundation laid by the apostolic tradition the presbyters-bishops, like fathers taking responsibilty for a home, are to be providing the foundation of the unity of the church grounded on th e ir kerygma th a t the household of God is pneumatically united with the body of the crucified and risen Christ.
Die relevansie van die boek Prediker
Authors: Van Wyk W. C.
Published: January 2014

The relevance of the book of Ecclesiastes Since the book of Ecclesiastes is generally neglected in biblical theology, systematic theology and the preaching of the church, the question is asked whether it is still relevant for the church. After a cursory look at some prominent ideas in the book, the relation between Ecclesiastes and the rest of the Bible is investigated, and a number of comparisons between Ecclesiastes and modern thinkers are considered. Finally an attempt is made at evaluating the relevance of the book of Ecclesiastes and indicating ways in which it might be explored for the theology and preaching of the church.
Die Heidelbergse Kategismus in sy eerste jare
Authors: Oberholzer J. P.
Published: January 2014

The Heidelberg Catechism in its initial years A short resumé of the circumstances and events around the birth of this important Protestant creed and its turbulent history during the first decades.
’n Vergelyking tussen die teologie van die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis en die Heidelbergse Kategismus
Authors: Engelbrecht B. J.
Published: January 2014

A comparison between the theology of the Belgian Confession and the Catechism of Heidelberg The history of its origins shows that both emerge from the same mainstream of the calvinistic reformation and that both, in a certain sense, go back to Calvin himself. Their main differences therefore do not lie in their contents but in their form, determined by the circumstances in which they were born and by their intentions. The main motive of the Belgian Confession is polemic with the emphasis on doctrine; that of the Catechism of Heidelberg is catechetic with the emphasis on instruction aiming on consolation and the founding of faith. This article expounds and compares both the corresponding material and the ‘own’ material of each Confession.
Die kerk: ’n Verenigende of verdelende faktor in die ontwikkeling van Suid-Afrika?
Authors: Deist F. E.
Published: January 2014

The church: A unifying or dividing factor in the development of South Africa? In South Africa churches have, by mystifying institutions, beliefs, prejudices, political strategies, violence and theological views, contributed towards ethnocentrism, egotism, etc. The church will have to demystify these institutions and views in order to prevent theomachy, sacrifice its Constantine privileges, and become the servant of the world - whether the state allows it to function publically or not - in order to contribute towards peace.
Kom ons stem: Wat het Jesus regtig gesê?
Authors: Botha J.
Published: January 2014

Let us vote: What did Jesus really say? Since 1985 the study of the Jesus tradition has taken interesting new directions in the USA. A Jesus Seminar was initiated by the well-known RW Funk and some other leading American New Testament scholars. The question of what Jesus himself really said and what was attributed to him by tradition during later stages, was tackled anew with the explicit additional aim of ‘popularizing’ the results of this research. Since its inception the Jesus Seminar has grown into an academic institute, Westar Institute, with a whole range of research activities. In addition to this, a new publishing house for biblical and related subjects, Polebridge Press, was launched. In this article all these developments are discussed, with special attention to the Jesus Seminar. Finally, by applying the philosophical concepts of ‘exigence’ and ‘rhetorical situation, the article gives a possible ‘explanation’ for these new stimuli in some circles of American biblical scholarship.
The task of understanding the Gospel traditions: Werner Kelber’s contribution to New Testament research
Authors: Botha P. J. J.
Published: January 2014

The research of WH Kelber on the Gospel traditions have important implications. His main emphases are summarized and certain aspects briefly commended. A critical discussion concerning the aims of interpretation, the issue of conflicting traditions, the immense problem of orality and the interpretation of Mark is concluded with an argument on the necessity and pitfalls of multidisciplinary research.
Profete in Israel: ’n Probleemstelling
Authors: Deist F. E.
Published: January 2014

Prophets in Israel: Stating a problem The Writing Prophets have, in Christian circles, traditionally been painted in a fairly romantic light as the giants of faith. A comparison between the superscriptions of the prophetic books and the historical literature of the Old Testament as well between the Jewish, Samaritan and Christian traditions’ views of the prophets raises several questions regarding the ‘office’ of the prophets, their social role and the notion of the church’s ‘prophetic’ calling. In the light of these questions the article calls for a fresh historical look at the Writing Prophets and identifies a few problem areas that may warrant further investigation.
A multifarious understanding of eschatology in Ephesians: A possible solution to a vexing issue
Authors: Lemmer H. R.
Published: January 2014

Although an almost forgotten debate, the issue of eschatology in Ephesians remains unresolved and possibly insoluble. However, presuppositions inevitably determine the final outcome of investigations. This latter datum is characterized, indicating the outcome of the investigations of both those who would endorse and those who would deny the premises of the Early Catholicism Hypothesis. By postulating that differences from so-called authentic Pauline letters in Ephesians are merely as a result of addressing a different contingent situation, as well as by accepting that the composite eschatological profile in Ephesians is merely an adaptation of Pauline eschatology to that specific contingent situation, it is argued that it is possible to retain futuristic eschatological dimensions in Ephesians.
Wetenskapsteorie, eksegetiese metodologie en Ou Testament teologie
Authors: Swanepoel M. G.
Published: January 2014

Epistemology, exegetic methodology and Old Testament theology Scientific and theological statements are deeply rooted in the socio-cultural context of the individual researcher. Different exegetical methods must be evaluated each according to its epistemological paradigm. Historical and structural elements in biblical texts should not be seen in terms of a clash between historical and structural paradigms. Exegetical methodology of the Old Testament is entering a post-critical phase which has implications for the diversity of Old Testament texts and theologies. Historical understanding bridges the gap between today, Word and event respectively by means of a horizon convergence and forms part of a holistic approach. The Old Testament theology cannot achieve its task, for today, without the interchange between text, exegetical method and scientific theory.
Paradigma-verandering, relativisme en rasionaliteit
Authors: Antonites A. J.
Published: January 2014

Paradigm-change, relativism and rationality The impact of Kuhn’s account of science is profound. This is also evident in the theological sciences. This could be seen by the importance given to problems like epistemological relativism, rationality and paradigm-change. The purpose of this paper is to give attention to these problems with reference to the HSRC Studies in Research Methodology’s publication: Paradigms and progress in theology. It is edited by J Mouton, A G van Aarde and W S Vorster.
Die ouderling en die regeervergaderings in die Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk
Authors: Botha S. J.
Published: January 2014

The elder in the governing bodies of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk The purpose of this article is to discuss the threat to the body of elders, as the prime governing ministery, from both the ministers and the deaconate in the different governing bodies of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk. This is done in view of the decision of the General Synod in 1989 to reformulate, rearrange and, if necessary, adapt the Church order.