bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Para sport and anti-doping: a study of Swedish Para athletes' experiences and perceptions
Authors: Qvarfordt Anna , Svedsäter Göran , Fagher Kristina , Bjerkefors Anna , Blomqvist Sven
Published: April 2024

Introduction

A well-functioning anti-doping system relies on being perceived by athletes as effective, fair, and practically feasible to implement. While research has highlighted the views of Olympic athletes on anti-doping over the past decade, the experiences and perceptions of Para athletes have not been extensively explored. The purpose of this study was to examine Swedish elite Para athletes' experiences and perceptions of the policy and practice of the anti-doping system.

Methods

A quantitative cross-sectional approach was used, with a web survey elaborated from a survey with Olympic athletes adjusted for Para athletes with physical, visual, and intellectual impairments. The sample consisted of 66 active Para athletes competing at national or international level (response rate 71%). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and differences between subgroups were examined Fisher's exact test. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze open-ended questions.

Results

Most of the respondents expressed a positive outlook on the anti-doping system, advocating for comprehensive efforts. A significant portion (35%) had not received anti-doping education, with those who did reporting increased confidence in avoiding unintentional doping. Despite their elite status, half of the respondents had not undergone doping control. Mistrust regarding the system's effectiveness and fairness was identified, with over half of the participants emphasizing the need for new technical solutions to enhance procedures specifically tailored for Para athletes.

Discussion

The athletes in this study advocate for a Para sports-focused approach in the anti-doping system, emphasizing equal testing opportunities, procedural adjustments for independence and privacy, and increased access to education. The findings illuminate the unique conditions faced by athletes with impairments within the anti-doping system, offering valuable insights for policymaking in the development of anti-doping strategies tailored to Para athletes and their various impairments.
Pharmacokinetics behavior of four cannabidiol preparations following single oral administration in dogs
Authors: Limsuwan Sasithorn , Phonsatta Natthaporn , Panya Atikorn , Asasutjarit Rathapon , Tansakul Natthasit
Published: April 2024

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a natural phytochemical agent and one of the most abundant found in Cannabis sativa. It is known to exhibit pharmacological properties on various condition such as relieving-inflammation, pain, epilepsy, and anxiety effect. There has been an increasing trend globally in the use of CBD as a supplement in pets. Consequently, there are various CBD products being marketed that are specifically available for pets. Veterinarians and pet owners are concerned that following ingestion, different CBD formulations may result in a CBD level circulating in the blood that may affect the safe use and efficacy of CBD in pets. Several pharmacokinetics studies in animals have been mainly conducted with an oily form of CBD. To date, there is a lack of data regarding direct comparisons in animals among the CBD plasma kinetic profiles from an oral administration of the various preparation forms. Therefore, the current study evaluated and compared the plasma CBD levels from a single oral administration using four different CBD preparations—liquid (an oil-based form, a nanoemulsion form, or a water-soluble form) or a semi-solid form (as CBD mixed in a treat) in dogs. In total, 32 healthy, crossbreed dogs were randomly assigned into 4 groups and treated according to a 1-period, 4-treatment parallel-design. The three liquid forms were dosed at 5 mg/kg body weight, while the single semi-solid form was given at 50 mg/treat/dog. The results showed that the CBD plasma profile from the administration of a water-soluble form was comparable to that of the oil-based group. The nanoemulsion-based form tended to be rapidly absorbed and reached its peak sooner than the others. However, the CBD in all preparations reached the maximum plasma concentration within 3 h post-dose, with an average range of 92–314 μg/L. There were significant differences among certain parameters between the liquid and semi-solid forms. This was the first study to provide pharmacokinetics data regarding CBD in water soluble, nanoemulsion-based, and semi-solid forms for dogs as companion animals. The current data should facilitate the scrutiny of CBD plasma profiles based on different formulations via an oral route in dogs.
On-Board Image Enhancement on Remote Sensing Payload
Authors: Xu Guo-Cheng , Lee Pei-Jun , Bui Trong-An , Hsu Pei-Hsiang , Shiu Shiuan-Hal
Published: April 2024

CubeSats are designed to optimize applications within the strict constraints of space and power. This paper presents an On-Board Image Enhancement technique for remote sensing payloads, focusing on achieving Auto White Balance (AWB) with limited resources and enhancing the capabilities of small/microsatellites. The study introduces hardware-based techniques, including histogram adjustment, De-Bayer processing, and AWB, all tailored to minimize hardware resource consumption on CubeSats. The integrated 1U CubeSat system comprises a sensor board, an Image Data Processor (IDP) unit, and onboard computing, with a total power consumption estimated at 2.2 W. This system facilitates image capture at a resolution of 1920 × 1200 and utilizes the proposed algorithm for image enhancement on remote sensing payloads to improve the quality of images captured in low-light environments, thereby demonstrating significant advancements in satellite image processing and object-detection capabilities.
A Weighted Feature Fusion Model for Unsteady Aerodynamic Modeling at High Angles of Attack
Authors: Dong Wenzhao , Wang Xiaoguang , Lin Qi , Cheng Chuan , Zhu Liangcong
Published: April 2024

Unsteady aerodynamic prediction at high angles of attack is of great importance to the design and development of advanced fighters. In this paper, a weighted feature fusion model (WFFM) that combines the state-space model and neural networks is proposed to build an unsteady aerodynamic model for the precise simulation and control of post-stall maneuvers. In the proposed model, the influences of the physical model on neural networks are considered and adjusted by introducing a standardization layer and a new weighting method. A long short-term memory (LSTM) network is used to fuse two mappings: one from flight states to aerodynamic loads, and the other from low-fidelity data to high-fidelity data. Data from wind tunnel oscillation experiments at high angles of attack using a new kind of wire-driven parallel robot and the traditional tail support are used for verifying the proposed aerodynamic model. The output of the WFFM is also compared with predictions from other models, such as the state-space model, single LSTM model, and feature fusion model not including a feature weighting layer. Results demonstrate improved accuracy of the proposed model in the interpolation and extrapolation tests. Furthermore, the WFFM is applied to the flight simulation of F-16 with different control inputs. Compared with conventional models, the WFFM shows improved accuracy and better generalization capability.
Ascending Performance of Scientific Balloons with Buoyant Gas–Air Mixture Inflation for Designated Ceiling Height
Authors: Cao Shenghong , Yang Yanchu , Zhang Hangyue , Zhao Rong , Zhu Rongchen , Zhang Donghui , Song Lin
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to investigate a new method that uses buoyant gas mixed with air to control the floating height of scientific balloons. Firstly, the static characteristics and thermophysical properties of mixed-gas balloons are analyzed. Subsequently, the inflation model and the thermal-dynamic coupled model are established. Furthermore, based on theoretical research, a GUI program is compiled to simulate the ascent of mixed-gas balloons. Finally, flight tests are conducted. As the balloon volume expands to the maximum, the vertical velocity begins to decay and eventually oscillates around 0 m/s, which is consistent with the simulation. In addition, there is a noticeable shift in which the balloon starts to float after climbing to the target altitude, and the difference values between the test and the simulation are less than 350 m. Moreover, the trajectory results are similar to the prediction, and the errors of the end position are less than 2.5 km in horizontal distance. Consequently, this paper provides guidance for balloon-designated ceiling height technology which can allow a single balloon system to be used for tests at multiple heights.
Heavy Pigs Reared for Italian Dry-Cured Products: Does Immunocastration Influence the Fatty Acid Profile of Loins and Backfat?
Authors: Comin Marta , Pesenti Rossi Gaia , Lanzoni Lydia , Prasinou Paraskevi , Lopez Annalaura , Vignola Giorgio , Barbieri Sara , Dalla Costa Emanuela
Published: April 2024

The Italian pig sector requires heavy pigs (raised for at least nine months and slaughtered at >160 kg). In order to avoid boar taint and lower the impact on welfare, immunocastration provides an alternative to surgical castration. This study investigated the effects of immunocastration compared to surgical castration on the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of loins (longissimus dorsi muscle) and adipose tissue in Italian heavy pigs raised for dry-cured ham. Twenty-four male pigs were subjected to surgical castration (n = 12) or immunocastration (n = 12). Carcass parameters were monitored at slaughter, and samples of longissimus dorsi muscle and subcutaneous fat were analysed. This study showed no significant differences in carcass characteristics and proximate composition of fresh meat. However, variations were observed in the fatty acid profiles of meat and adipose tissue between groups. Notably, saturated fatty acids, particularly stearic acid (18:0), were higher in the intramuscular fat (IMF) of the immunocastrated pigs compared to the surgically castrated pigs. Conversely, monounsaturated fatty acids, predominantly oleic acid (18:1n-9), were higher in the IMF from the surgically castrated pigs compared to the immunocastrated pigs. While immunocastration may offer benefits in terms of animal growth and carcass composition, it could lead to unfavourable lipid changes in fresh loin meat for Italian heavy pigs.
Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Mechanism of Probiotics on the Growth Performance of Fattening Sheep
Authors: Wang Mingyue , Yi Mingliang , Wang Lei , Sun Shixin , Ling Yinghui , Zhang Zijun , Cao Hongguo
Published: April 2024

Probiotics have been proven to improve the growth performance of livestock and poultry. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of probiotic supplementation on the growth performance; rumen and intestinal microbiota; rumen fluid, serum, and urine metabolism; and rumen epithelial cell transcriptomics of fattening meat sheep. Twelve Hu sheep were selected and randomly divided into two groups. They were fed a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 1.5 × 108 CFU/g probiotics (PRB). The results show that the average daily weight gain, and volatile fatty acid and serum antioxidant capacity concentrations of the PRB group were significantly higher than those of the CON group (p < 0.05). Compared to the CON group, the thickness of the rumen muscle layer in the PRB group was significantly decreased (p < 0.01); the thickness of the duodenal muscle layer in the fattening sheep was significantly reduced; and the length of the duodenal villi, the thickness of the cecal and rectal mucosal muscle layers, and the thickness of the cecal, colon, and rectal mucosal layers (p < 0.05) were significantly increased. At the genus level, the addition of probiotics altered the composition of the rumen and intestinal microbiota, significantly upregulating the relative abundance of Subdivision5_genera_incertae_sedis and Acinetobacter in the rumen microbiota, and significantly downregulating the relative abundance of Butyrivibrio, Saccharofermentans, and Fibrobacter. The relative abundance of faecalicoccus was significantly upregulated in the intestinal microbiota, while the relative abundance of Coprococcus, Porphyromonas, and Anaerobacterium were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in the rumen, serum, and urine metabolites between the PRB group and the CON group, with 188, 138, and 104 metabolites (p < 0.05), mainly affecting pathways such as vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, and a series of amino acid metabolisms. The differential genes in the transcriptome sequencing were mainly enriched in protein modification regulation (especially histone modification), immune function regulation, and energy metabolism. Therefore, adding probiotics improved the growth performance of fattening sheep by altering the rumen and intestinal microbiota; the rumen, serum, and urine metabolome; and the transcriptome.
Tackling Antibiotic Resistance: Exploring 5-Fluorouracil as a Promising Antimicrobial Strategy for the Treatment of Streptococcus suis Infection
Authors: Zuo Jing , Quan Yingying , Li Jinpeng , Li Yue , Song Dong , Li Xingping , Wang Yuxin , Yi Li , Wang Yang
Published: April 2024

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a zoonotic pathogen with a global distribution, which causes serious diseases in both humans and animals and economic losses in the swine industry. As antibiotic resistance increases, there is an urgent imperative to explore novel antibacterial alternatives. In the present study, we selected the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a candidate drug to treat S. suis infections. The results showed that various pathogens, especially S. suis, are more sensitive to 5-FU. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of 5-FU is relatively low. Extensive in vitro assays demonstrated the pronounced bacteriostatic and bactericidal efficacy of 5-FU against susceptible and multidrug-resistant S. suis strains. Its mechanisms of action include damage to the bacterial cell walls and membranes, resulting in the leakage of intracellular components, and the inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS), leading to a depletion of deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) pools, ultimately causing thymine-less death and lethal DNA damage in bacteria. Gene-knockout experiments further showed that 5-FU played a role by inhibiting the thyA gene-encoding thymidine synthase. Finally, we determined that S. suis infections can be alleviated by 5-FU in the mouse infection model. This study emphasizes the antibacterial potential of 5-FU against S. suis and provides evidence for its targeting of bacterial membrane damage and DNA damage. In summary, 5-FU can control S. suis infection and is expected to become a new alternative to antibiotics.
Responses of Protozoan Communities to Multiple Environmental Stresses (Warming, Eutrophication, and Pesticide Pollution)
Authors: Yuan Guoqing , Chen Yue , Wang Yulu , Zhang Hanwen , Wang Hongxia , Jiang Mixue , Zhang Xiaonan , Gong Yingchun , Yuan Saibo
Published: April 2024

To explore the impacts of multiple environmental stressors on animal communities in aquatic ecosystems, we selected protozoa—a highly sensitive group of organisms—to assess the effect of environmental change. To conduct this simulation we conducted a three-factor, outdoor, mesocosm experiment from March to November 2021. Changes in the community structure and functional group composition of protozoan communities under the separate and combined effects of these three environmental stressors were investigated by warming and the addition of nitrogen, phosphorus, and pesticides. The results were as follows: (1) Both eutrophication and pesticides had a considerable promotional effect on the abundance and biomass of protozoa; the effect of warming was not considerable. When warming was combined with eutrophication and pesticides, there was a synergistic effect and antagonistic effect, respectively. (2) Eutrophication promoted α diversity of protozoa and affected their species richness and dominant species composition; the combination of warming and pesticides remarkably reduced the α diversity of protozoa. (3) Warming, eutrophication, and pesticides were important factors affecting the functional groups of protozoa. Interaction among different environmental factors could complicate changes in the aquatic ecological environment and its protozoan communities. Indeed, in the context of climate change, it might be more difficult to predict future trends in the protozoan community. Therefore, our results provide a scientific basis for the protection and restoration of shallow lake ecosystems; they also offer valuable insights in predicting changes in shallow lakes.
Increasing the Understanding of Nutrient Transport Capacity of the Ovine Placentome
Authors: Erichsen Cathrine , Heiser Axel , Haack Neville , Maclean Paul , Dwyer Cathy Mary , McCoard Sue
Published: April 2024

Placental nutrient transport capacity influences fetal growth and development; however, it is affected by environmental factors, which are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to understand the impact of the ovine placentome morphological subtype, tissue type, and maternal parenteral supplementation of arginine mono-hydrochloride (Arg) on nutrient transport capacity using a gene expression approach. Placentomal tissues of types A, B, and C morphologic placentome subtypes were derived from 20 twin-bearing ewes, which were infused thrice daily with Arg (n = 9) or saline (Ctrl, n = 11) from 100 to 140 days of gestation. Samples were collected at day 140 of gestation. Expression of 31 genes involved in placental nutrient transport and function was investigated. Differential expression of specific amino acid transporter genes was found in the subtypes, suggesting a potential adaptive response to increase the transport capacity. Placentomal tissues differed in gene expression, highlighting differential transport capacity. Supplementation with Arg was associated with differential expressions of genes involved in amino acid transport and angiogenesis, suggesting a greater nutrient transport capacity. Collectively, these results indicate that the morphological subtype, tissue type, and maternal Arg supplementation can influence placental gene expression, which may be an adaptive response to alter the transport capacity to support fetal growth in sheep.
Topic Modelling: Going beyond Token Outputs
Authors: Williams Lowri , Anthi Eirini , Arman Laura , Burnap Pete
Published: April 2024

Topic modelling is a text mining technique for identifying salient themes from a number of documents. The output is commonly a set of topics consisting of isolated tokens that often co-occur in such documents. Manual effort is often associated with interpreting a topic’s description from such tokens. However, from a human’s perspective, such outputs may not adequately provide enough information to infer the meaning of the topics; thus, their interpretability is often inaccurately understood. Although several studies have attempted to automatically extend topic descriptions as a means of enhancing the interpretation of topic models, they rely on external language sources that may become unavailable, must be kept up to date to generate relevant results, and present privacy issues when training on or processing data. This paper presents a novel approach towards extending the output of traditional topic modelling methods beyond a list of isolated tokens. This approach removes the dependence on external sources by using the textual data themselves by extracting high-scoring keywords and mapping them to the topic model’s token outputs. To compare how the proposed method benchmarks against the state of the art, a comparative analysis against results produced by Large Language Models (LLMs) is presented. Such results report that the proposed method resonates with the thematic coverage found in LLMs and often surpasses such models by bridging the gap between broad thematic elements and granular details. In addition, to demonstrate and reinforce the generalisation of the proposed method, the approach was further evaluated using two other topic modelling methods as the underlying models and when using a heterogeneous unseen dataset. To measure the interpretability of the proposed outputs against those of the traditional topic modelling approach, independent annotators manually scored each output based on their quality and usefulness as well as the efficiency of the annotation task. The proposed approach demonstrated higher quality and usefulness, as well as higher efficiency in the annotation task, in comparison to the outputs of a traditional topic modelling method, demonstrating an increase in their interpretability.
Ultrasound Imaging in Football Players with Previous Multiple Ankle Sprains: Keeping a Close Eye on Superior Ankle Retinaculum
Authors: Pirri Carmelo , Pirri Nina , Guidolin Diego , Macchi Veronica , Porzionato Andrea , De Caro Raffaele , Stecco Carla
Published: April 2024

The superior extensor ankle retinaculum (SEAR), a transversely fascial thickening positioned above the tibia–talar joint, serves as a crucial anatomical structure in ankle stability. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare by ultrasound (US) imaging the bilateral thickness and echogenicity of SEAR in football players with previous multiple ankle sprains (group 1) and healthy volunteers (group 2). A cross-sectional study was performed using ultrasound imaging to measure longitudinal and transversal axes using a new protocol in a sample of 50 subjects: 25 football players with previous multiple ankle sprains and 25 healthy subjects. The findings for SEAR thickness revealed statistically significant differences for both axes (p = 0.0011 and p = 0.0032) between the healthy side and the previously sprained side, and with the corresponding side of group 2 (p = 0.003 and p = 0.004). Moreover, in group 1, regarding the ROI echogenicity, a statistically significant difference was found between the sides (p = 0.0378). These findings suggest that the football players with previous ankle sprains showed a thicker and inhomogeneous SEAR on the sprain side, unveiling a remodeling of this structure compared to the other side and to the healthy volunteers. In these athletes, during US examination, one needs to keep “a US eye” on side-to-side SEAR comparisons.
Longitudinal Analysis of Corneal Biomechanics of Suspect Keratoconus: A Prospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Huo Yan , Chen Xuan , Xie Ruisi , Li Jing , Wang Yan
Published: April 2024

Background: To evaluate the corneal biomechanics of stable keratoconus suspects (Stable-KCS) at 1-year follow-up and compare them with those of subclinical keratoconus (SKC). Methods: This prospective case-control study included the eyes of 144 patients. Biomechanical and tomographic parameters were recorded (Corvis ST and Pentacam). Patients without clinical signs of keratoconus in both eyes but suspicious tomography findings were included in the Stable-KCS group (n = 72). Longitudinal follow-up was used to evaluate Stable-KCS changes. Unilateral keratoconus contralateral eyes with suspicious tomography were included in the SKC group (n = 72). T-tests and non-parametric tests were used for comparison. Multivariate general linear models were used to adjust for confounding factors for further analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the distinguishability. Results: The biomechanical and tomographic parameters of Stable-KCS showed no progression during the follow-up time (13.19 ± 2.41 months, p > 0.05). Fifteen biomechanical parameters and the Stress–Strain Index (SSI) differed between the two groups (p < 0.016). The A1 dArc length showed the strongest distinguishing ability (area under the ROC = 0.888) between Stable-KCS and SKC, with 90.28% sensitivity and 77.78% specificity at the cut-off value of −0.0175. Conclusions: The A1 dArc length could distinguish between Stable-KCS and SKC, indicating the need to focus on changes in the A1 dArc length for keratoconus suspects during the follow-up period. Although both have abnormalities on tomography, the corneal biomechanics and SSI of Stable-KCS were stronger than those of SKC, which may explain the lack of progression of Stable-KCS.
Glycosaminoglycans Modulate the Angiogenic Ability of Type I Collagen-Based Scaffolds by Acting on Vascular Network Remodeling and Maturation
Authors: Salvante Enrica Raffaella Grazia , Popoiu Anca Voichita , Saxena Amulya K. , Popoiu Tudor Alexandru , Boia Eugen Sorin , Cimpean Anca Maria , Rus Florina Stefania , Dorobantu Florica Ramona , Chis Monica
Published: April 2024

Type I collagen, prevalent in the extracellular matrix, is biocompatible and crucial for tissue engineering and wound healing, including angiogenesis and vascular maturation/stabilization as required processes of newly formed tissue constructs or regeneration. Sometimes, improper vascularization causes unexpected outcomes. Vascularization failure may be caused by extracellular matrix collagen and non-collagen components heterogeneously. This study compares the angiogenic potential of collagen type I-based scaffolds and collagen type I/glycosaminoglycans scaffolds by using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model and IKOSA digital image analysis. Two clinically used biomaterials, Xenoderm (containing type I collagen derived from decellularized porcine extracellular matrix) and a dual-layer collagen sponge (DLC, with a biphasic composition of type I collagen combined with glycosaminoglycans) were tested for their ability to induce new vascular network formation. The AI-based IKOSA app enhanced the research by calculating from stereomicroscopic images angiogenic parameters such as total vascular area, branching sites, vessel length, and vascular thickness. The study confirmed that Xenoderm caused a fast angiogenic response and substantial vascular growth, but was unable to mature the vascular network. DLC scaffold, in turn, produced a slower angiogenic response, but a more steady and organic vascular maturation and stabilization. This research can improve collagen-based knowledge by better assessing angiogenesis processes. DLC may be preferable to Xenoderm or other materials for functional neovascularization, according to the findings.
Introspection of UBNIN and Modified-UBNIN Algorithms for Structural MRI. Reply to Kelly et al. A Comparison of Brain-State Representations of Binary Neuroimaging Connectivity Data. Comment on “Samantaray et al. Unique Brain Network Identification Number for Parkinson’s and Healthy Individuals Using Structural MRI. Brain Sci. 2023, 13, 1297”
Authors: Samantaray Tanmayee , Anand Manish , Saini Jitender , Gupta Cota Navin
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this reply is to address the comments given by Kelly et al. on our original paper “Unique Brain Network Identification Number for Parkinson’s and Healthy Individuals using Structural MRI”. We agree to the inadvertent rounding pitfall in our original paper due to the non-inclusion of symbolic math toolbox (MATLAB). We now provide the actual ranges (with decimal values) of the UBNIN values of healthy individuals and those with Parkinson’s disease and further observations. Upon further introspection, we propose another variant, called Modified-UBNIN (UBNIN-MT,MN) which is highly weighted on the node with the highest network degree (i.e., connections). The italicized sentences within inverted commas are statements from Kelly et al.’s comment paper.
Study on the Ionic Transport Properties of 3D Printed Concrete
Authors: Huang Tao , Peng Zhongqi , Wang Mengge , Feng Shuang
Published: April 2024

Three-dimensional printed concrete (3DPC) is an anisotropic heterogeneous material composed of a concrete matrix and the interfaces between layers and filaments that form during printing. The overall ion transport properties can be characterized by the equivalent diffusion coefficient. This paper first establishes a theoretical model to calculate the equivalent diffusion coefficient of 3DPC. Verification through numerical calculations shows that this theoretical model is highly precise. Based on this, the model was used to analyze the effects of dimensionless interface parameters on the equivalent diffusion coefficients in different directions of 3DPC. Finally, the dynamic ionic transport properties of 3DPC were investigated through finite element numerical simulation. The results of the dynamic study indicate that interfaces have a significant impact on the ion distribution and its evolution within 3DPC. The product of the interface diffusion coefficient and interface size can represent the ionic transport capacity of an interface. The stronger the ionic transport capacity of an interface, the higher the ion concentration at that interface. Due to the “drainage” effect of lateral interfaces, the ion concentration in the middle of 3DPC with a smaller equivalent diffusion coefficient is higher than that in 3DPC with a larger equivalent diffusion coefficient.
Diffuse Gliomas with FGFR3::TACC3 Fusion: Morphological and Molecular Features and Classification Challenges
Authors: Marastoni Elena , Mulone Davide , Barresi Valeria
Published: April 2024

FGFR3::TACC3 fusion is a driver, potentially targetable, genetic alteration identified in approximately 4% of high-grade diffuse gliomas and rare cases with low-grade histology. Herein, we review the genetic and epigenetic features of these tumors and highlight the challenges in their classification and grading. Diffuse gliomas with FGFR3::TACC3 fusion display unique histopathological and molecular features, including an oligodendroglioma-like appearance, calcifications, and CD34 extravascular immunoreactivity. High-grade tumors exhibit molecular alterations and a DNA methylation profile typical of glioblastoma, suggesting that they may represent a subtype clinically characterized by a slightly better prognosis. Tumors with low-grade morphology are genetically and epigenetically heterogeneous. Some, exclusive to adults, have molecular alterations typical of glioblastoma, although most do not match any methylation classes, using version 12.5 of the Heidelberg classifier. Another group, which mostly affects children or adolescents, lacks the molecular features of glioblastoma and has a DNA methylation profile similar to that of low-grade glioneuronal tumors. In conclusion, diffuse gliomas with FGFR3::TACC3 fusion do not constitute a distinct nosological entity, owing to their genetic and epigenetic diversity. Further studies are warranted to clarify the biological aggressiveness of tumors with low-grade histology to refine the grading and determine the optimal treatment strategy.
Protective Effects of Melatonin against Carcinogen-Induced Oxidative Damage in the Thyroid
Authors: Stępniak Jan , Karbownik-Lewińska Małgorzata
Published: April 2024

Melatonin, primarily synthesized in the pineal gland, plays a crucial role in regulating circadian rhythms and possesses significant antioxidative properties. By neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress, melatonin emerges as a promising agent for the prevention and therapy of many different disorders, including cancer. This paper reviews the relationship between the thyroid gland and melatonin, presenting experimental evidence on the protective effects of this indoleamine against oxidative damage to macromolecules in thyroid tissue caused by documented carcinogens (as classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC) or caused by potential carcinogens. Furthermore, the possible influence on cancer therapy in humans and the overall well-being of cancer patients are discussed. The article highlights melatonin’s essential role in maintaining thyroid health and its contribution to management strategies in patients with thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases.
The Safety and Efficacy of the Combination of Sacituzumab Govitecan and Palliative Radiotherapy—A Retrospective Multi-Center Cohort Study
Authors: Krug David , Tio Joke , Abaci Ali , Beurer Björn , Brügge Sandra , Elsayad Khaled , Meixner Eva , Park-Simon Tjoung-Won , Smetanay Katharina , Winkelmann Franziska , Wittig Andrea , Wöckel Achim
Published: April 2024

Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) is a new treatment option for patients with metastatic triple-negative and hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. This antibody–drug conjugate is currently approved as monotherapy. Palliative radiotherapy is frequently used to treat symptomatic metastases locally. Concurrent use of SG and irradiation was excluded in clinical trials of SG, and there are currently limited published data. We report here a systematic review, as well as a retrospective multi-center study of 17 patients with triple-negative breast cancer who received concurrent SG and radiotherapy. In these patients, concurrent use was found to be efficient, safe and well tolerated. There were no apparent differences in moderate or severe acute toxicity according to the timing of SG administration.
Clinical Management of Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: Wasinger Gabriel , Cussenot Olivier , Compérat Eva
Published: April 2024

Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) has emerged as a distinct entity with significant clinical implications in prostate cancer (PCa) management. Despite historically being considered an extension of invasive PCa, IDC-P shows unique biological characteristics that challenge traditional diagnostic and therapeutic settings. This review explores the clinical management of IDC-P. While the diagnosis of IDC-P relies on specific morphological criteria, its detection remains challenging due to inter-observer variability. Emerging evidence underscores the association of IDC-P with aggressive disease and poor clinical outcomes across various PCa stages. However, standardized management guidelines for IDC-P are lacking. Recent studies suggest considering adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies in specific patient cohorts to improve outcomes and tailor treatment strategies based on the IDC-P status. However, the current level of evidence regarding this is low. Moving forward, a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of IDC-P and its interaction with conventional PCa subtypes is crucial for refining risk stratification and therapeutic interventions.
Liver X Receptor Ligand GAC0001E5 Downregulates Antioxidant Capacity and ERBB2/HER2 Expression in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Premaratne Asitha , Basu Shinjini , Bagchi Abhinav , Zhou Tianyi , Feng Qin , Lin Chin-Yo
Published: April 2024

The HER2-positive subtype accounts for approximately one-fifth of all breast cancers. Insensitivity and development of acquired resistance to targeted therapies in some patients contribute to their poor prognosis. HER2 overexpression is associated with metabolic reprogramming, facilitating cancer cell growth and survival. Novel liver X receptor (LXR) ligand GAC0001E5 (1E5) has been shown to inhibit cancer cell proliferation by disrupting glutaminolysis and inducing oxidative stress. In this study, HER2-positive breast cancer cells were treated with 1E5 to determine their potential inhibitory effects and mechanisms of action in HER2-positive breast cancers. Similar to previous observations in other cancer types, 1E5 treatments inhibited LXR activity, expression, and cancer cell proliferation. Expression of fatty acid synthesis genes, including fatty acid synthase (FASN), was downregulated following 1E5 treatment, and results from co-treatment experiments with an FASN inhibitor suggest that the same pathway is targeted by 1E5. Treatments with 1E5 disrupted glutaminolysis and resulted in increased oxidative stress. Strikingly, HER2 transcript and protein levels were both significantly downregulated by 1E5. Taken together, these findings indicate the therapeutic potential of targeting HER2 overexpression and associated metabolic reprogramming via the modulation of LXR in HER2-positive breast cancers.
Exosome-Mediated Paracrine Signaling Unveils miR-1246 as a Driver of Aggressiveness in Fusion-Negative Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Ramadan Farah , Saab Raya , Ghamloush Farah , Khoueiry Rita , Herceg Zdenko , Gomez Ludovic , Badran Bassam , Clezardin Philippe , Hussein Nader , Cohen Pascale A. , Ghayad Sandra E.
Published: April 2024

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a pediatric cancer associated with aggressiveness and a tendency to develop metastases. Fusion-negative rhabdomyosarcoma (FN-RMS) is the most commonly occurring subtype of RMS, where metastatic disease can hinder treatment success and decrease survival rates. RMS-derived exosomes were previously demonstrated to be enriched with miRNAs, including miR-1246, possibly contributing to disease aggressiveness. We aimed to decipher the functional impact of exosomal miR-1246 on recipient cells and its role in promoting aggressiveness. Treatment of normal fibroblasts with FN-RMS-derived exosomes resulted in a significant uptake of miR-1246 paired with an increase in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In turn, delivery of miR-1246-mimic lipoplexes promoted fibroblast proliferation, migration, and invasion in a similar manner. Conversely, when silencing miR-1246 in FN-RMS cells, the resulting derived exosomes demonstrated reversed effects on recipient cells’ phenotype. Delivery of exosomal miR-1246 targets GSK3β and promotes β-catenin nuclear accumulation, suggesting a deregulation of the Wnt pathway, known to be important in tumor progression. Finally, a pilot clinical study highlighted, for the first time, the presence of high exosomal miR-1246 levels in RMS patients’ sera. Altogether, our results demonstrate that exosomal miR-1246 has the potential to alter the tumor microenvironment of FN-RMS cells, suggesting its potential role in promoting oncogenesis.
Robust Fault Detection in Monitoring Chemical Processes Using Multi-Scale PCA with KD Approach
Authors: Kini K. Ramakrishna , Madakyaru Muddu , Harrou Fouzi , Vatti Anoop Kishore , Sun Ying
Published: April 2024

Effective fault detection in chemical processes is of utmost importance to ensure operational safety, minimize environmental impact, and optimize production efficiency. To enhance the monitoring of chemical processes under noisy conditions, an innovative statistical approach has been introduced in this study. The proposed approach, called Multiscale Principal Component Analysis (PCA), combines the dimensionality reduction capabilities of PCA with the noise reduction capabilities of wavelet-based filtering. The integrated approach focuses on extracting features from the multiscale representation, balancing the need to retain important process information while minimizing the impact of noise. For fault detection, the Kantorovich distance (KD)-driven monitoring scheme is employed based on features extracted from Multiscale PCA to efficiently detect anomalies in multivariate data. Moreover, a nonparametric decision threshold is employed through kernel density estimation to enhance the flexibility of the proposed approach. The detection performance of the proposed approach is investigated using data collected from distillation columns and continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) under various noisy conditions. Different types of faults, including bias, intermittent, and drift faults, are considered. The results reveal the superior performance of the proposed multiscale PCA-KD based approach compared to conventional PCA and multiscale PCA-based monitoring methods.
Understanding the Distribution, Behavioural Ecology, and Conservation Status of Asian Pelophylax
Authors: Amin Hina , Borzée Amaël
Published: April 2024

Understanding species from an ecological and phylogenetic perspective facilitates an understanding of their conservation status in relation to the changing world. The frog genus Pelophylax is among the largest in terms of amphibian biomass in the Palearctic, but species have not been thoroughly studied at the Asian continental scale. The phylogeographic relationship, behavioural ecology, and ecological requirements within the genus need clarification, despite generally good local coverage. Here, for the first time, we conducted a literature review focused on phylogeography and behavioural ecology, supported by ecological niche modelling of twelve Asian Pelophylax lineages. Finally, we compiled the known threats for each of the lineages. We first determined the presence of twelve species and species-candidate lineages. In terms of behavioural ecology, the main difference among lineages is the time to metamorphosis and the time to reach sexual maturity. The ecological models highlighted a match between the known presence of each clade and their suitable habitat and highlighted the Syr Darya drainage on the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea for the non-described Pelophylax “Syr Darya lineage”. Finally, we highlighted the greatest variation among lineages in terms of threats, as some lineages are threatened by numerous factors, whereas others are expanding.
Computational Issues of Quantum Heat Engines with Non-Harmonic Working Medium
Authors: Insinga Andrea R. , Andresen Bjarne , Salamon Peter
Published: April 2024

In this work, we lay the foundations for computing the behavior of a quantum heat engine whose working medium consists of an ensemble of non-harmonic quantum oscillators. In order to enable this analysis, we develop a method based on the Schrödinger picture. We investigate different possible choices on the basis of expanding the density operator, as it is crucial to select a basis that will expedite the numerical integration of the time-evolution equation without compromising the accuracy of the computed results. For this purpose, we developed an estimation technique that allows us to quantify the error that is unavoidably introduced when time-evolving the density matrix expansion over a finite-dimensional basis. Using this and other ways of evaluating a specific choice of basis, we arrive at the conclusion that the basis of eigenstates of a harmonic Hamiltonian leads to the best computational performance. Additionally, we present a method to quantify and reduce the error that is introduced when extracting relevant physical information about the ensemble of oscillators. The techniques presented here are specific to quantum heat cycles; the coexistence within a cycle of time-dependent Hamiltonian and coupling with a thermal reservoir are particularly complex to handle for the non-harmonic case. The present investigation is paving the way for numerical analysis of non-harmonic quantum heat machines.
The Manufacturing Reshoring Phenomenon: A Policy-Oriented Analysis of Factors Driving the Location Decision
Authors: Bornert Xavier , Musolino Dario
Published: April 2024

For several decades, multinational enterprises (MNEs) have offshored their manufacturing activities to low-cost countries to achieve significant productivity gains. However, changes in the relative competitiveness of countries, social effects of deindustrialization in advanced economies and the vulnerability of global value chains (GVCs) revealed by the COVID-19 pandemic have encouraged some firms, supported by governments, to “reshore” part, or all of their offshore industrial operations back to their home country. Reshoring decisions are motivated by a variety of endogenous and exogenous factors that are empirically analyzed in this paper to understand how reshoring policies implemented by governments can more effectively address the factors driving the firms’ location decisions. A review of the reshoring policies implemented in Europe, the UK and the US is conducted to provide general policy recommendations regarding policy instruments, SMEs, innovation and regionalization of value chains. This paper fills a gap in the literature by connecting the micro-level supply chain management analysis of firms’ reshoring drivers with the macro-level economic policy perspective on reshoring. The review of existing reshoring policies calls for an in-depth analysis by the manufacturing sector and at the local level.
Increased Perceived Confidence in Professional Role Skills among Undergraduate Dietetic Students Following Simulation-Based Learning Experiences
Authors: Barr-Porter Makenzie , Combs Elizabeth , Batey Lauren , Brewer Dawn , Schwartz Aaron , Stephenson Tammy
Published: April 2024

Simulation-based learning experiences (SBLEs) are effective for teaching healthcare students clinical and communication skills. The current study assessed self-perceived clinical and communication confidence among dietetics students completing a series of four SBLEs (3 group, 1 individual) across nine months. Dietetics students were recruited in February 2023 prior to their first SBLE. Simultaneously through the academic year, students completed clinical and communication courses. Students were invited to complete an online, anonymous self-reported survey regarding confidence with nutrition care and communication prior to their first SBLE (Time 1), prior to their third SBLE (Time 2), and following their final SBLE (Time 3). The survey measured healthcare work experience and self-perceived confidence. Student confidence increased among 30 of the 38 indicators (p < 0.05). At Time 2 (following two group SBLEs), those with healthcare experience had higher confidence among 12 of the 39 items (p < 0.05). At Time 3 (following four simulation experiences) those with healthcare experience had higher confidence among just four of the 39 total items (p < 0.05). Cohort increases in confidence suggest that SBLEs, along with dietetics coursework, were critical in increasing confidence and students’ perceived ability to carry-out entry-level tasks of a dietitian. While student confidence increased across the cohort, SBLEs were particularly beneficial in leveling confidence between those with prior clinical experience and those without.
Evaluation of Deep Learning-Based Non-Intrusive Thermal Load Monitoring
Authors: Okazawa Kazuki , Kaneko Naoya , Zhao Dafang , Nishikawa Hiroki , Taniguchi Ittetsu , Catthoor Francky , Onoye Takao
Published: April 2024

Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM), which provides sufficient load for the energy consumption of an entire building, has become crucial in improving the operation of energy systems. Although NILM can decompose overall energy consumption into individual electrical sub-loads, it struggles to estimate thermal-driven sub-loads such as occupants. Previous studies proposed Non-Intrusive Thermal Load Monitoring (NITLM), which disaggregates the overall thermal load into sub-loads; however, these studies evaluated only a single building. The results change for other buildings due to individual building factors, such as floor area, location, and occupancy patterns; thus, it is necessary to analyze how these factors affect the accuracy of disaggregation for accurate monitoring. In this paper, we conduct a fundamental evaluation of NITLM in various realistic office buildings to accurately disaggregate the overall thermal load into sub-loads, focusing on occupant thermal load. Through experiments, we introduce NITLM with deep learning models and evaluate these models using thermal load datasets. These thermal load datasets are generated by a building energy simulation, and its inputs for the simulation were derived from realistic data like HVAC on/off data. Such fundamental evaluation has not been done before, but insights obtained from the comparison of learning models are necessary and useful for improving learning models. Our experimental results shed light on the deep learning-based NITLM models for building-level efficient energy management systems.