bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS, CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF 2D HYBRID COORDINATION POLYMER
Authors: FAN WEIQIANG , ZHU LIN , SHI WEIDONG , CHEN FUXIAO , BAI HONGYE , SONG SHUYAN , YAN YONGSHENG
Published: March 2013

A novel metal-organic coordination polymer [Cu(phen)(L)0.5(H2O)]n (H4L = (N,N′-5,5′-bis(isophthalic acid)-p-xylylenediamine, and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TGA, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystallographic data show that the title compound crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 10.682(2), b = 15.682(3), c = 11.909(2) Å, β = 91.39(3)°, V = 1994.3(7) Å3, C24H17CuN3O5 , Mr = 490.95, Dc = 1.635 g/cm3, F(000) = 1004, Z = 4, μ( MoK α) = 1.141 mm-1, the final R = 0.0418 and wR = 0.0983 for 3578 observed reflections (I > 2σ(I)). The structural analyses reveal that the title compound exhibits shows a 2D layer structure, which are further linked by hydrogen bonding interactions to form a three-dimensional supramolecular network. In addition, the thermal stability and electrochemical behavior of title compound has been studied. CCDC: 900413.
A NEW RED PHOSPHOR OF THE Mn ACTIVATED NON-STOICHIOMETRIC STRONTIUM ALUMINATE 3SrO•5Al2O3 FOR HIGH COLOR RENDERING WHITE LEDS
Authors: CHEN LEI , ZHANG YAO , LIU FAYONG , DENG XIAORONG , XUE SHAOCHAN , LUO ANQI , JIANG YANG , CHEN SHIFU , ZHANG WENHUA
Published: March 2013

A new red phosphor of strontium aluminate activated by Mn4+ was developed for high color rendering and warm white light-emitting diodes. The phosphor composition and conditions for synthesis were optimized through solid-state reaction. Meanwhile, the structure and morphology were investigated with XRD and SEM analysis. The results show that the 3SrO•5Al2O3 activated by 0.0005 M Mn fired at 1300°C in air ambient by adopting 2.5 wt.% AlF3 as flux exhibits most efficient luminescence. A white LED device prototype with CIE (0.3291, 0.3571), CCT 5639 K, CRI Ra 92.6, and efficacy 63 lm/W driven at 20 mA has been packaged by pre-coating the red phosphor combined with a yellow one Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ on a blue InGaN chip. The analysis of critical distance and luminescence quench reveal that the mechanism of energy transfer for luminescence is through dipole–dipole interaction.
Drones and the digital panopticon
Authors: Rosen Lea
Published: March 2013

The
XRDS
blog highlights a range of topics from conference overviews to privacy and security, from HCI to cryptography. Selected blog posts, edited for print, will be featured in every issue. Please visit xrds.acm.org/blog to read each post in its entirety.
A look inside the earth
Authors: Newman Gregory A.
Published: March 2013

On the computational resources and techniques required for imaging the Earth's crust.
Ursa
Authors: You Gae-Won , Hwang Seung-Won , Jain Navendu
Published: March 2013

Enterprise and cloud data centers are comprised of tens of thousands of servers providing petabytes of storage to a large number of users and applications. At such a scale, these storage systems face two key challenges: (1) hot-spots due to the dynamic popularity of stored objects; and (2) high operational costs due to power and cooling. Existing storage solutions, however, are unsuitable to address these challenges because of the large number of servers and data objects. This article describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of Ursa, a system that scales to a large number of storage nodes and objects, and aims to minimize latency and bandwidth costs during system reconfiguration. Toward this goal, Ursa formulates an optimization problem that selects a subset of objects from hot-spot servers and performs
topology-aware
migration to minimize reconfiguration costs. As exact optimization is computationally expensive, we devise scalable approximation techniques for node selection and efficient divide-and-conquer computation. We also show that the same dynamic reconfiguration techniques can be leveraged to reduce power costs by dynamically migrating data off under-utilized nodes, and powering up servers neighboring existing hot-spots to reduce reconfiguration costs. Our evaluation shows that Ursa achieves cost-effective load management, is time-responsive in computing placement decisions (e.g., about two minutes for 10K nodes and 10M objects), and provides power savings of 15%--37%.
Pyramid Codes
Authors: Huang Cheng , Chen Minghua , Li Jin
Published: March 2013

We design flexible schemes to explore the tradeoffs between storage space and access efficiency in reliable data storage systems. Aiming at this goal, two new classes of erasure-resilient codes are introduced -- Basic Pyramid Codes (BPC) and Generalized Pyramid Codes (GPC). Both schemes require slightly more storage space than conventional schemes, but significantly improve the critical performance of read during failures and unavailability.

As a by-product, we establish a necessary matching condition to characterize the limit of failure recovery, that is, unless the matching condition is satisfied, a failure case is impossible to recover. In addition, we define a maximally recoverable (MR) property. For all ERC schemes holding the MR property, the matching condition becomes sufficient, that is, all failure cases satisfying the matching condition are indeed recoverable. We show that GPC is the
first
class of non-MDS schemes holding the MR property.
Securing the future of computer science; reconsidering analog computing
Authors: Guzdial Mark , Reed Daniel
Published: March 2013

The
Communications
Web site, http://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
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Mark Guzdial sees hope in computer science education efforts in the U.K. Daniel Reed suggests we should not be so quick to discard analog computing.
Looking back at big data
Authors: Hoffmann Leah
Published: March 2013

As computational tools open up new ways of understanding history, historians and computer scientists are working together to explore the possibilities.
The evolution of web development for mobile devices
Authors: Zakas Nicholas C.
Published: March 2013

Building websites that perform well on mobile devices remains a challenge.
Discriminative learning with latent variables for cluttered indoor scene understanding
Authors: Wang Huayan , Gould Stephen , Roller Daphne
Published: March 2013

We address the problem of understanding an indoor scene from a single image in terms of recovering the room geometry (floor, ceiling, and walls) and furniture layout. A major challenge of this task arises from the fact that most indoor scenes are cluttered by furniture and decorations, whose appearances vary drastically across scenes, thus can hardly be modeled (or even hand-labeled) consistently. In this paper we tackle this problem by introducing latent variables to account for clutter, so that the observed image is jointly explained by the room and clutter layout. Model parameters are learned from a training set of images that are only labeled with the layout of the room geometry. Our approach enables taking into account and inferring indoor clutterwithouthand-labeling of the clutter in the training set, which is often inaccurate. Yet it outperforms the state-of-the-art method of Hedau et al. that requires clutter labels. As a latent variable based method, our approach has an interesting feature that latent variables are used in direct correspondence with a concrete visual concept (clutter in the room) and thus interpretable.
Future Tense: Modified is the new normal
Authors: Di Filippo Paul
Published: March 2013

From the intersection of computational science and technological speculation, with boundaries limited only by our ability to imagine what could be. How I transcended the baseline for the sake of art and bioengineering.
Teaching evidence-based software engineering to master students
Authors: Catal Cagatay
Published: March 2013

In this paper, we summarize our perspective on teaching evidence-based software engineering (EBSE) to master students. In this semester, we aimed to investigate this subject as a single lecture within a master course called Software Architecture instead of an entire semester-long course called EBSE. Each of the students delivered a systematic mapping study report related to the software architecture at the end of the semester and these project reports showed that this teaching approach is quite useful for master students even though this teaching activity is too short.
Automatic code generation of SIMUROSOT game strategies
Authors: Rabelo Ricardo A.C. , Macedo Hendrik T. , Freire Eduardo O. , Oliveira Rodrigo M.
Published: March 2013

Robot soccer is a multidisciplinary research field of growing academic interest. Scientific competitions worldwide have driven major technological advances in the field, since research institutes and universities often enroll their robotic teams and present the developments achieved during the previous year. The FIRA is a leading international organization that promotes such type of competition. One of its various competition categories is that of virtual robots competing in a simulation platform called SIMUROSOT. This 3D simulation platform is available so that researchers and students can develop robot teams and test their performance appropriately and repeatedly.

The major problem with the mainstream encoding mechanism used in the preparation of robot teams for SimuroSot is the lack of a formal process to standardize the programming and model the game strategies. Such lack of standardization causes several limitations on the competition as a science promoter, namely: (1) the difficulty of understanding other's code, (2) absence of abstraction for the conceiving of game strategies, (3) need for high programming skills in order to produce effective game strategies and (4) lack of clear separation between robots movimentation primitives and specific application domain concerns - in this case, the soccer domain.

This paper proposes a semi-formal specification for the modeling of team game strategies to the FIRA SIMUROSOT category. This specification defines two levels of mapping: (1) mapping of the application domain information - in this case, the soccer competition - to Finite State Machines and (2) mapping of Finite State Machines that represent game strategies of a team to their respective coding in a target programming language, making use of coding standards that ensure the readability and maintainability of the final code. Encodings of game strategies in the programming language Lingo has been provided following the proposal. The error-free execution of such encodings on the simulation platform shows the proposal feasibility.
Report of the 2012 IEEE 6th international workshop on the maintenance and evolution of service-oriented and cloud-based systems (MESOCA 2012)
Authors: Lewis Grace A. , Ionita Anca , Litoiu Marin
Published: March 2013

The 2012 IEEE 6th International Workshop on the Maintenance and Evolution of Service-Oriented and Cloud-Based Systems (MESOCA 2012) was held as a co-located event of the International Conference on Software Maintenance, ICSM 2012, on September 24, 2012. MESOCA 2012 brought together software engineering researchers from academia and industry, as well as practitioners, to share results and open issues in the area of maintenance and evolution of service-oriented and cloudbased systems. The many discussions throughout the day resulted in the identification of promising areas of research to address existing gaps and problems.
Managing information disparity in multilingual document collections
Authors: Duh Kevin , Yeung Ching-Man Au , Iwata Tomoharu , Nagata Masaaki
Published: March 2013

Information disparity is a major challenge with multilingual document collections. When documents are dynamically updated in a distributed fashion, information content among different language editions may gradually diverge. We propose a framework for assisting human editors to manage this information disparity, using tools from machine translation and machine learning. Given source and target documents in two different languages, our system automatically identifies information nuggets that are new with respect to the target and suggests positions to place their translations. We perform both real-world experiments and large-scale simulations on Wikipedia documents and conclude our system is effective in a variety of scenarios.
An energy-aware scheduling for real-time task synchronization using DVS and leakage-aware methods
Authors: Chen Da-Ren , Chen You-Shyang
Published: March 2013

Due to the importance of resource allocation and energy efficiency, this paper considers minimizing priority inversion and energy consumptions in the embedded real-time systems. While dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) is known to reduce dynamic power consumption, it also causes increased blocking time of lower priority tasks and leakage energy consumption due to increased execution. We proposed a concept of latency locking to prevent priority inversion using sleeping mode and define a block-free interval in which both DVS and leakage-aware methods can be applied. In order to compute the optimal sleeping time and its duration and to meet the timing constraints, we also propose a weighted directed graph (WDG) to obtain additional task information. By traversing WDG, task information can be updated online and the scheduling decisions could be done in linear time complexity.
Dynamic scheduling algorithm for parallel real-time graph tasks
Authors: Qamhieh Manar , Midonnet Serge , George Laurent
Published: March 2013

In this paper, we propose a dynamic global scheduling algorithm for a previously-presented specific model of real-time tasks called "Parallel Graphs" [1], based on the Least Laxity First priority assignment policy "LLF", we apply LLF policy on each subtask in the graphs individually, taking in consideration their precedence constraints. This model of tasks is a combination of graphs and parallelism, in which each subtask in the graph can execute sequentially or parallel according to its number of processors defined by the model. So we study parallelism possibilities in order to find the best structure of the tasks according to the practical specifications of the system.
Implementing and evaluating communication-strategies in the ProCom component technology
Authors: Inam Rafia , Sjödin Mikael
Published: March 2013

This paper presents two strategies to support communication between real-time executable Runnable Virtual Node (RVN) components in the ProCom component technology. We describe the currently implemented server-based communication strategy which uses a dedicated server for communication. We compare the server-based technique with a direct (RVN-to-RVN) communication strategy. The paper also describes how these strategies could be evaluated for real-time performance, and the real-time analysis technologies needed to perform such an evaluation.
Enhancing the real-time capabilities of the Linux kernel
Authors: Sousa Paulo Baltarejo , Pereira Nuno , Tovar Eduardo
Published: March 2013

The mainline Linux Kernel is not designed for hard real-time systems; it only fits the requirements of soft real-time systems. In recent years, a kernel developer community has been working on the PREEMPT-RT patch. This patch (that aims to get a fully preemptible kernel) adds some real-time capabilities to the Linux kernel. However, in terms of scheduling policies, the real-time scheduling class of Linux is limited to the First-In-First-Out (SCHED_FIFO) and Round-Robin (SCHED_RR) scheduling policies. These scheduling policies are however quite limited in terms of real-time performance. Therefore, in this paper, we report one important contribution for adding more advanced real-time capabilities to the Linux Kernel. Specifically, we describe modifications to the (PREEMPT-RT patched) Linux kernel to support real-time slot-based task-splitting scheduling algorithms. Our preliminary evaluation shows that our implementation exhibits a real-time performance that is superior to the scheduling policies provided by the current version of PREMPT-RT. This is a significant add-on to a widely adopted operating system.
Membrane Fission Reactions of the Mammalian ESCRT Pathway
Authors: McCullough John , Colf Leremy A. , Sundquist Wesley I.
Published: March 2013

The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway was initially defined in yeast genetic screens that identified the factors necessary to sort membrane proteins into intraluminal endosomal vesicles. Subsequent studies have revealed that the mammalian ESCRT pathway also functions in a series of other key cellular processes, including formation of extracellular microvesicles, enveloped virus budding, and the abscission stage of cytokinesis. The core ESCRT machinery comprises Bro1 family proteins and ESCRT-I, ESCRT-II, ESCRT-III, and VPS4 complexes. Site-specific adaptors recruit these soluble factors to assemble on different cellular membranes, where they carry out membrane fission reactions. ESCRT-III proteins form filaments that draw membranes together from the cytoplasmic face, and mechanistic models have been advanced to explain how ESCRT-III filaments and the VPS4 ATPase can work together to catalyze membrane fission.
Regulation of Noise in Gene Expression
Authors: Sanchez Alvaro , Choubey Sandeep , Kondev Jane
Published: March 2013

The biochemical processes leading to the synthesis of new proteins are random, as they typically involve a small number of diffusing molecules. They lead to fluctuations in the number of proteins in a single cell as a function of time and to cell-to-cell variability of protein abundances. These in turn can lead to phenotypic heterogeneity in a population of genetically identical cells. Phenotypic heterogeneity may have important consequences for the development of multicellular organisms and the fitness of bacterial colonies, raising the question of how it is regulated. Here we review the experimental evidence that transcriptional regulation affects noise in gene expression, and discuss how the noise strength is encoded in the architecture of the promoter region. We discuss how models based on specific molecular mechanisms of gene regulation can make experimentally testable predictions for how changes to the promoter architecture are reflected in gene expression noise.
On the Universe of Protein Folds
Authors: Kolodny Rachel , Pereyaslavets Leonid , Samson Abraham O. , Levitt Michael
Published: March 2013

In the fifty years since the first atomic structure of a protein was revealed, tens of thousands of additional structures have been solved. Like all objects in biology, proteins structures show common patterns that seem to define family relationships. Classification of proteins structures, which started in the 1970s with about a dozen structures, has continued with increasing enthusiasm, leading to two main fold classifications, SCOP and CATH, as well as many additional databases. Classification is complicated by deciding what constitutes a domain, the fundamental unit of structure. Also difficult is deciding when two given structures are similar. Like all of biology, fold classification is beset by exceptions to all rules. Thus, the perspectives of protein fold space that the fold classifications offer differ from each other. In spite of these ambiguities, fold classifications are useful for prediction of structure and function. Studying the characteristics of fold space can shed light on protein evolution and the physical laws that govern protein behavior.
Differentiated Planetesimals and the Parent Bodies of Chondrites
Authors: Weiss Benjamin P. , Elkins-Tanton Linda T.
Published: March 2013

Meteorites are samples of dozens of small planetary bodies that formed in the early Solar System. They exhibit great petrologic diversity, ranging from primordial accretional aggregates (chondrites), to partially melted residues (primitive achondrites), to once fully molten magmas (achondrites). It has long been thought that no single parent body could be the source of more than one of these three meteorite lithologies. This view is now being challenged by a variety of new measurements and theoretical models, including the discovery of primitive achondrites, paleomagnetic analyses of chondrites, thermal modeling of planetesimals, the discoveries of new metamorphosed chondrites and achondrites with affinities to some chondrite groups, and the possible identification of extant partially differentiated asteroids. These developments collectively suggest that some chondrites could in fact be samples of the outer, unmelted crusts of otherwise differentiated planetesimals with silicate mantles and metallic cores. This may have major implications for the origin of meteorite groups, the meaning of meteorite paleomagnetism, the rates and onset times of accretion, and the interior structures and histories of asteroids.
Splendid and Seldom Isolated: The Paleobiogeography of Patagonia
Authors: Wilf Peter , Cúneo N. Rubén , Escapa Ignacio H. , Pol Diego , Woodburne Michael O.
Published: March 2013

The idea that South America was an island continent over most of the Cenozoic, during which its unusual mammalian faunas evolved in isolation, is outstandingly influential in biogeography. Although large numbers of recent fossil discoveries and related advances require that the original isolation concept be significantly modified, it is still repeated in much current literature. The persistence of the idea inspired us to present here an integrated paleobiogeographic account of mammals, reptiles, and plants from the Jurassic to the Paleogene of Patagonia, which has by far the richest fossil record on the continent. All three groups show distribution patterns that are broadly consistent with South America's long separation history, first from Laurasia by the Late Jurassic, then from Africa and India-Madagascar during the late Early Cretaceous, and finally from Antarctica and Australia during the early-middle Eocene, after which “isolation” finally commenced. We highlight areas of promising future research and provide an updated view of South American isolation.
Reactive Potentials for Advanced Atomistic Simulations
Authors: Liang Tao , Shin Yun Kyung , Cheng Yu-Ting , Yilmaz Dundar E. , Vishnu Karthik Guda , Verners Osvalds , Zou Chenyu , Phillpot Simon R. , Sinnott Susan B. , van Duin Adri C.T.
Published: March 2013

This article reviews recent advances in the development of reactive empirical force fields or potentials. In particular, we compare two widely used reactive potentials with variable-charge schemes that are desirable for multicomponent or multifunctional systems: the ReaxFF (reactive force field) and charge-optimized many-body (COMB) potentials. Several applications of these approaches in atomistic simulations that involve metal-based heterogeneous systems are also discussed.
Fatty Acid–Regulated Transcription Factors in the Liver
Authors: Jump Donald B. , Tripathy Sasmita , Depner Christopher M.
Published: March 2013

Fatty acid regulation of hepatic gene transcription was first reported in the early 1990s. Several transcription factors have been identified as targets of fatty acid regulation. This regulation is achieved by direct fatty acid binding to the transcription factor or by indirect mechanisms where fatty acids regulate signaling pathways controlling the expression of transcription factors or the phosphorylation, ubiquitination, or proteolytic cleavage of the transcription factor. Although dietary fatty acids are well-established regulators of hepatic transcription factors, emerging evidence indicates that endogenously generated fatty acids are equally important in controlling transcription factors in the context of glucose and lipid homeostasis. Our first goal in this review is to provide an up-to-date examination of the molecular and metabolic bases of fatty acid regulation of key transcription factors controlling hepatic metabolism. Our second goal is to link these mechanisms to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a growing health concern in the obese population.
Social Networks and the Environment
Authors: Videras Julio
Published: March 2013

This review discusses empirical research on social networks and the environment; it summarizes findings from representative studies and the conceptual frameworks social scientists use to examine the role of social networks. The article presents basic concepts in social network analysis, summarizes common challenges of empirical research on social networks, and outlines areas for future research. Finally, the article discusses the normative and positive meanings of social networks.
Importance of Video-EEG Monitoring in the Diagnosis of Epilepsy in a Psychiatric Patient
Authors: Kirmani Batool F.
Published: March 2013

Epilepsy is a chronic medical condition which is disabling to both patients and caregivers. The differential diagnosis of epilepsy includes psychogenic nonepileptic spells or “pseudoseizures.” Epilepsy is due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain, and pseudoseizure is a form of conversion disorder. The brain waves remain normal in pseudoseizures. The problem arises when a patient with significant psychiatric history presents with seizures. Pseudoseizures become high on the differential diagnosis without extensive work up. This is a case of woman with significant psychiatric issues which resulted in a delay in the diagnosis of epilepsy.
Bifurcation Analysis in Population Genetics Model with Partial Selfing
Authors: Jiang Yingying , Wang Wendi
Published: March 2013

A new model which allows both the effect of partial selfing selection and an exponential function of the expected payoff is considered. This combines ideas from genetics and evolutionary game theory. The aim of this work is to study the effects of partial selfing selection on the discrete dynamics of population evolution. It is shown that the system undergoes period doubling bifurcation, saddle-node bifurcation, and Neimark-Sacker bifurcation by using center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory. Numerical simulations are presented not only to illustrate our results with the theoretical analysis, but also to exhibit the complex dynamical behaviors, such as the period-3, 6 orbits, cascade of period-doubling bifurcation in period-2, 4, 8, and the chaotic sets. These results reveal richer dynamics of the discrete model compared with the model in Tao et al., 1999. The analysis and results in this paper are interesting in mathematics and biology.
Isolated Bilateral Ptosis as an Early Sign of Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Authors: Imam Yahia Z. , Deleu Dirk
Published: March 2013

Background. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has many variants with distinct presentations. Ptosis as an initial presentation is rare.Case Report. We describe a young female with bilateral ptosis without ophthalmoplegia as the initial presentation of Guillain-Barré ptosis in an anti-GQ1b IgG antibody negative patient with a favorable outcome to intravenous immunoglobulins.Objectives. Our paper highlights the importance of recognizing GBS as a potential etiology in a patient presenting with isolated ptosis, particularly since the course of GBS can be more dramatic than in the anti-GBQ1b syndromes such as ophthalmoparesis without ataxia and Miller Fisher syndrome or ocular myasthenia.Conclusion. This is the first paper of anti-GBQ1b antibody negative GBS presenting with isolated ptosis without ophthalmoparesis. GBS should be included in the list of differential diagnosis of such presentations.
Optical and Morphological Studies of Thermally Evaporated PTCDI-C8 Thin Films for Organic Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Rahimi Ronak , Narang V. , Korakakis D.
Published: March 2013

PTCDI-C8 due to its relatively high photosensitivity and high electron mobility has attracted much attention in organic semiconductor devices. In this work, thin films of PTCDI-C8 with different thicknesses were deposited on silicon substrates with native silicon dioxide using a vacuum thermal evaporator. Several material characterization techniques have been utilized to evaluate the structure, morphology, and optical properties of these films. Their optical constants (refractive index and extinction coefficient) have been extracted from the spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to determine the morphology and structure as well as the thickness and roughness of the PTCDI-C8 thin films. These films revealed a high degree of structural ordering within the layers. All the experimental measurements were performed under ambient conditions. PTCDI-C8 films have shown to endure ambient condition which allows pots-deposition characterization.
Viability Reduction andRac1Gene Downregulation of HeterogeneousEx-VivoGlioma Acute Slice Infected by the Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus Strain V4UPM
Authors: Mustafa Zulkifli , Shamsuddin Hilda Shazana , Ideris Aini , Ibrahim Rohaya , Jaafar Hasnan , Ali Abdul Manaf , Abdullah Jafri Malin
Published: March 2013

Oncolytic viruses have been extensively evaluated for anticancer therapy because this virus preferentially infects cancer cells without interfering with normal cells. Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) is an avian virus and one of the intensively studied oncolytic viruses affecting many types of cancer including glioma. Nevertheless, the capability of NDV infection on heterogeneous glioma tissue in a cerebrospinal fluid atmosphere has never been reported. Recently,Rac1is reported to be required for efficient NDV replication in human cancer cells and established a link between tumourigenesis and sensitivity to NDV.Rac1is a member of the Rho GTPases involved in the regulation of the cell migration and cell-cycle progression.Rac1knockdown leads to significant inhibition of viral replication. In this work, we demonstrated that NDV treatment led to significant reduction of tumour tissue viability of freshly isolated heterogeneous human brain tumour slice, known as anex vivo glioma acute slice(EGAS). Analysis of gene expression indicated that reduced tissue viability was associated with downregulation ofRac1. However, the viability reduction was not persistent. We conclude that NDV treatment induced EGAS viability suppression, but subsequent downregulation ofRac1gene may reduce the NDV replication and lead to regrowth of EGAS tissue.
Dynamics-Based Stranded-Crowd Model for Evacuation in Building Bottlenecks
Authors: Huang Lidi , Liu Deming , Zhang Yongyi
Published: March 2013

In high-density public buildings, it is difficult to evacuate. So in this paper, we propose a novel quantitative evacuation model to insure people’s safety and reduce the risk of crowding. We analyze the mechanism of arch-like clogging phenomena during evacuation and the influencing factors in emergency situations at bottleneck passages; then we design a model based on crowd dynamics and apply the model to a stadium example. The example is used to compare evacuation results of crowd density with different egress widths in stranded zones. The results show this model proposed can guide the safe and dangerous egress widths in performance design and can help evacuation routes to be selected and optimized.
Chaotic Charged System Search with a Feasible-Based Method for Constraint Optimization Problems
Authors: Nouhi B. , Talatahari S. , Kheiri H. , Cattani C.
Published: March 2013

Recently developed chaotic charged system search was combined to feasible-based method to solve constraint engineering optimization problems. Using chaotic maps into the CSS increases the global search mobility for a better global optimization. In the present method, an improved feasible-based method is utilized to handle the constraints. Some constraint design examples are tested using the new chaotic-based methods, and the results are compared to recognize the most efficient and powerful algorithm.
Spin‐Filtering Effects in Würtzite and Graphite‐Like AlN Nanowires with Mn Impurities
Authors: Nemnes G. A.
Published: March 2013

Spin transport properties of magnetic nanowire systems—atomic‐sized AlN nanowires with additional Mn impurities—are investigated employing ab initio constrained spin density functional theory calculations and nonequilibrium Green’s functions formalism. The analyzed nanowire structures exhibit a stress‐induced phase transition, between würtzite and graphite‐like configurations. In these quasi‐one dimensional systems, the surface states ensure the basic prerequisite in establishing spin and charge transfer, by reducing the relatively large bandgap of the group III nitride semiconductor. The results show in how far this phase transition affects the surface states, focusing on the consequences which appear in the spin‐filtering processes.
Hypothermia Reduces Toll-Like Receptor 3-Activated Microglial Interferon-βand Nitric Oxide Production
Authors: Matsui Tomohiro , Motoki Yukari , Yoshida Yusuke
Published: March 2013

Therapeutic hypothermia protects neurons after injury to the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia express toll-like receptors (TLRs) that play significant roles in the pathogenesis of sterile CNS injury. To elucidate the possible mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effect of therapeutic hypothermia, we examined the effects of hypothermic culture on TLR3-activated microglial release of interferon (IFN)-βand nitric oxide (NO), which are known to be associated with neuronal cell death. When rat or mouse microglia were cultured under conditions of hypothermia (33°C) and normothermia (37°C) with a TLR3 agonist, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, the production of IFN-βand NO in TLR3-activated microglia at 48 h was decreased by hypothermia compared with that by normothermia. In addition, exposure to recombinant IFN-βand sodium nitroprusside, an NO donor, caused death of rat neuronal pheochromocytoma PC12 cells in a concentration-dependent manner after 24 h. Taken together, these results suggest that the attenuation of microglial production of IFN-βand NO by therapeutic hypothermia leads to the inhibition of neuronal cell death.
Liposomal Doxorubicin in the Treatment of Breast Cancer Patients: A Review
Authors: Lao Juan , Madani Julia , Puértolas Teresa , Álvarez María , Hernández Alba , Pazo-Cid Roberto , Artal Ángel , Antón Torres Antonio
Published: March 2013

Drug delivery systems can provide enhanced efficacy and/or reduced toxicity for anticancer agents. Liposome drug delivery systems are able to modify the pharmacokinetics
and biodistribution of cytostatic agents, increasing the concentration of the drug released to neoplastic tissue and reducing the exposure of normal tissue. Anthracyclines are a key drug in the treatment of both metastatic and early breast cancer, but one of their major limitations is cardiotoxicity. One of the strategies designed to minimize this side effect is liposome encapsulation. Liposomal anthracyclines have achieved highly efficient drug encapsulation and they have proven to be effective and with reduced cardiotoxicity, as a single agent or in combination with other drugs for the treatment of either anthracyclines-treated or naïve metastatic breast cancer patients. Of particular interest is the use of the combination of liposomal anthracyclines and trastuzumab in patients with HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. In this paper, we discuss the different studies on liposomal doxorubicin in metastatic and early breast cancer therapy.
Breathers and Soliton Solutions for a Generalization of the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Zhang Hai-Feng , Hao Hui-Qin , Zhang Jian-Wen
Published: March 2013

A generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which describes the propagation of the femtosecond pulse in single mode optical silica fiber, is analytically investigated. By virtue of the Darboux transformation method, some new soliton solutions are generated: the bright one-soliton solution on the zero background, the dark one-soliton solution on the continuous wave background, the Akhmediev breather which delineates the modulation instability process, and the breather evolving periodically along the straight line with a certain angle ofx-axis andt-axis. Those results might be useful in the study of the femtosecond pulse in single mode optical silica fiber.
A Morphism Double Category and Monoidal Structure
Authors: Chatterjee Saikat , Lahiri Amitabha , Sengupta Ambar N.
Published: March 2013

We provide a recipe for “fattening” a category that leads to the construction of a double category. Motivated by an example where the underlying category has vector spaces as objects, we show how a monoidal category leads to a law of composition, satisfying certain coherence properties, on the object set of the fattened category.
Applying an ESSENCE Framework to Understanding Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD: Retrospective Parent Reports of Childhood Problems
Authors: Plenty Stephanie , Heurlin Dag , Arlinde Christina , Bejerot Susanne
Published: March 2013

Diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are increasingly being made in adulthood. However, assessments can fail to address the diverse range of problems that patients have experienced. The current study applied an early symptomatic syndromes eliciting neurodevelopmental clinical examinations (ESSENCE) framework to explore retrospectively reported childhood developmental and behavioral problems. It examined if adult ASD and ADHD patients would show problems outside those reflected in the respective diagnostic criteria, and also if these patient groups would show more extensive childhood problems than other psychiatric patients. Parents of adults with ADHD (n = 130), ASD (n = 57), coexisting ADHD and ASD (n = 38), and other psychiatric disorders (n = 56) reported on a range of childhood problems. Descriptions of the ADHD, ASD, and ADHD+ASD groups reflected greater impairment than descriptions for patients with other psychiatric disorders in most problem areas. Although differences were observed between ADHD and ASD patients in the core diagnostic areas, these syndromes also shared a number of childhood difficulties. The ESSENCE approach can assist in understanding the symptom history of adult ADHD and ASD patients and can be helpful to distinguish their childhood experiences from other psychiatric patients′ experiences.
Future Intent to Run and Running Performance of Students Exposed to a Traditional versus an Autonomy Supportive Motivational Running Program
Authors: Silva Andrea , Hannon James C. , Shultz Barry , Podlog Leslie
Published: March 2013

Background. The study's primary purpose was to investigate whether an autonomy supportive motivational climate in a running program would increase future running intent among high school students. A secondary purpose was to examine whether the program would increase individual performance in the Cooper 12-minute run.Methods. Students participated in a 4-month running intervention program which included four timed runs, one per month, and a future intent questionnaire prior to the start of the timed runs and following the last run.Results. Factorial repeated measures ANOVA revealed significance regarding future intent () at both schools. Factorial repeated measures ANOVA indicated differences between the runs at both schools (). Paired samples -tests were conducted to look at significance with paired runs. Results revealed significance in two of the six pairs at the treatment school, notably between the first and last timed runs (). Only one pair was found to be significant () with the control school.Conclusion. At both schools, the overall number of laps increased as well as future intent to run scores. The results do not support evidence of a greater effect from the autonomy supportive environment over a traditional environment.
Acute Transverse Myelitis (Ascending Myelitis) as the Initial Manifestation of Japanese Encephalitis: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Ankur Nandan Varshney , Nilesh Kumar , Dibyaranjan Behera , Ashutosh Tiwari , Ravi Anand , Arvind Anand
Published: March 2013

Japanese encephalitis, an inflammatory brain disease prevalent in Southeast Asia, usually presented with fever, headache, convulsions, brain stem signs with pyramidal and extrapyramidal features, and altered sensorium. Acute transverse myelitis, as the initial manifestation of Japanese encephalitis, is an unusual manifestation and is seldom reported. We hereby report a case of 13-year-old adolescent boy who presented to us with fever and acute onset paraparesis with urinary retention initially, progressing to quadriparesis and then followed by headache and altered sensorium. Brain MRI revealed bilateral basal ganglia that were grossly swollen with vasogenic edema tracking along internal capsule and midbrain. Adjacent ventrolateral thalamus and internal capsule also showed mild abnormal intensities. Spinal screening showed abnormal cord intensities in entire cord with gross edema in cervical and conus regions. He had elevated IgM titres against JE virus in cerebrospinal fluid. The patient was treated conservatively along with intravenous methyl prednisolone for 5 days. He regained near normal power at 3 months in followup, but hesitancy, dysarthria, and slowness of movement still persisted. To conclude, a young boy presenting with ATM in an endemic region of JE, then a possibility of Japanese encephalitis, should be sought by clinicians as early use of immunomodulator shows survival benefit.
Robust People Tracking Using an Adaptive Sensor Fusion between a Laser Scanner and Video Camera
Authors: Chae Yeong Nam , Choi Yeong-Jae , Seo Yong-Ho , Yang Hyun S.
Published: March 2013

Robust detection and tracking in a smart environment have numerous valuable applications. In this paper, an adaptive sensor fusion method which automatically compensates for bias between a laser scanner and video camera is proposed for tracking multiple people. The proposed system comprises five components: blob extraction, object tracking, scan data clustering, a cluster selection, and updating the bias. Based on the position of object in an image, the proposed system determines the candidate scan region. Then, the laser scan data in the candidate region of an object is clustered into several clusters. A cluster which has maximum probability as an object is selected using a discriminant function. Finally, a horizontal bias between the laser scanner and video camera is updated based on the selected cluster information. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, we show error analysis and two applications. The results confirm that the proposed system can be used for a real-time tracking system and interactive virtual environment.
Human Model Adaptation for Multiview Markerless Motion Capture
Authors: Zhang Dianyong , Miao Zhenjiang , Chen Shengyong
Published: March 2013

An approach to automatic modeling of individual human bodies using complex shape and pose information. The aim is to address the need for human shape and pose model generation for markerless motion capture. With multi-view markerless motion capture, three-dimensional morphable models are learned from an existing database of registered body scans in different shapes and poses. We estimate the body skeleton and pose parameters from the visual hull mesh reconstructed from multiple human silhouettes. Pose variation of body shapes is implemented by the defined underlying skeleton. The shape parameters are estimated by fitting the morphable model to the silhouettes. It is done relying on extracted silhouettes only. An error function is defined to measure how well the human model fits the input data, and minimize it to get the good estimate result. Further, experiments on some data show the robustness of the method, where the body shape and the initial pose can be obtained automatically.
Semigroups Characterized by Their Generalized Fuzzy Ideals
Authors: Khan Madad , Anis Saima
Published: March 2013

We have characterized right weakly regular semigroups by the properties of their(∈,∈∨qk)-fuzzy ideals.
Buoyancy Effect of Ionic Vacancy on the Change of the Partial Molar Volume in Ferricyanide-Ferrocyanide Redox Reaction under a Vertical Gravity Field
Authors: Oshikiri Yoshinobu , Miura Makoto , Aogaki Ryoichi
Published: March 2013

With a gravity electrode (GE) in a vertical gravity field, the buoyancy effect of ionic vacancy on the change of the partial molar volume in the redox reaction between ferricyanide (FERRI) and ferrocyanide (FERRO) ions was examined. The buoyancy force of ionic vacancy takes a positive or negative value, depending on whether the rate-determining step is the production or extinction of the vacancy. Though the upward convection over an upward electrode in the FERRO ion oxidation suggests the contribution of the positive buoyancy force arising from the vacancy production, the partial molar volume of the vacancy was not measured. On the other hand, for the downward convection under a downward electrode in the FERRI ion reduction, it was not completely but partly measured by the contribution of the negative buoyancy force from the vacancy extinction. Since the lifetime of the vacancy is decreased by the collision between ionic vacancies during the convection, the former result was ascribed to the shortened lifetime due to the increasing collision efficiency in the enhanced upward convection over an upward electrode, whereas the latter was thought to arise from the elongated lifetime due to the decreasing collision efficiency by the stagnation under the downward electrode.
Titanium Surface Coating with a Laminin-Derived Functional Peptide Promotes Bone Cell Adhesion
Authors: Min Seung-Ki , Kang Hyun Ki , Jang Da Hyun , Jung Sung Youn , Kim O. Bok , Min Byung-Moo , Yeo In-Sung
Published: March 2013

Laminin-derived peptide coatings can enhance epithelial cell adhesion to implants, and the positive effect of these peptides on bone cell adhesion has been anticipated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the improvement in bone cell attachment to and activity on titanium (Ti) scaffolds coated with a laminin-derived functional peptide, Ln2-P3 (the DLTIDDSYWYRI motif). Four Ti disc surfaces were prepared, and a human osteosarcoma (HOS) cell attachment test was performed to select two candidate surfaces for peptide coating. These two candidates were then coated with Ln2-P3 peptide, a scrambled peptide, or left uncoated to measure cell attachment to each surface, following which one surface was chosen to assess alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteogenic marker gene expression with quantitative real-time PCR. On the commercially pure Ti surface, the Ln2-P3 coating significantly increased cellular ALP activity and the expression levels of ALP and bone sialoprotein mRNA as compared with the scrambled peptide-coated and uncoated surfaces. In conclusion, although further in vivo studies are needed, the findings of this in vitro study indicate that the Ln2-P3-coated implant surface promotes bone cell adhesion, which has clinical implications for reducing the overall treatment time of dental implant therapy.