bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Adaptive State Estimation Model: Kalman Filter Coupled With Neural Networks
Authors: Bai Yuting , Yan Bin , Dong Wei , Jin Xuebo , Su Tingli , Ma Huijun
Published: February 2025

Traditional motion models often cannot describe real‐world motion systems accurately when using the Kalman filter (KF) for target tracking. This paper aims to achieve an adaptive estimation of motion states and proposes a KF coupled with neural networks (NNs). First, an adaptive estimation framework is proposed for motion state recognition and target tracking, which couples different NN models with the classical KF. Second, an adaptive NN filtering algorithm is introduced. This filter utilizes NNs to learn the motion patterns of the target and the total Gaussian probability density of the state sequence and performs iterative updates within the framework of the KF. Finally, simulation results on the KITTI dataset demonstrate the proposed filter's high estimation accuracy. Compared to traditional KFs, this filter achieves the prediction of target states through a data‐driven approach, thereby avoiding issues related to fixed motion models and parameters during the filtering process.
Glycerol‐Assisted Modification of 3D‐Printed Zeolite (3D‐Ze/Gy) for Enhanced Methylene Blue Dye Removal in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Ikhsan Fauzi , Muhtar Sephia Amanda , Aflaha Rizky , Adhika Damar Rastri , Muhyi Abdul , Triyana Kuwat , Khairurrijal Khairurrijal , Taher Tarmizi , Rianjanu Aditya , Arif Muhamad F.
Published: February 2025

Natural zeolite faces challenges in wastewater treatment due to poor mechanical stability, handling difficulties, and limited reusability. To address these limitations, structured zeolite is fabricated using 3D printing, with glycerol as a porogenic agent to enhance porosity and adsorption capacity. Scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy confirms successful fabrication and improves pore formation, while thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis demonstrates stable thermal properties. The pHpzc values are 7.43 (3D‐Ze/Gy50) and 7.52 (3D‐Ze/Gy0), indicating minor surface charge changes after glycerol incorporation. Adsorption follows a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model (chemisorption) and aligned with the Langmuir isotherm, confirming monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface. Thermodynamic analysis reveals that the adsorption process is endothermic and nonspontaneous at lower temperatures but becomes favorable at higher temperatures. The 3D‐Ze/Gy50 sample exhibits superior adsorption capacities of 1.35 mg g−1 at 15 mg L−1 and 2.04 mg g−1 at 25 mg L−1 Methylene blue concentrations outperform unmodified samples. Reusability tests show consistent performance over six cycles, with regeneration achieved via resintering at 600 °C for 2 h. These results validate the potential of 3D‐printed glycerol‐modified zeolite as a reusable, high‐performance adsorbent for wastewater treatment, offering an innovative approach for developing sustainable materials for environmental remediation.
Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Antibacterial Performance of Novel Fe‐Mn‐Zn Nanocrystalline Alloys Produced by Mechanical Alloying
Authors: Dag Ilker Emin , Kilic Funda , Panigrahi Mrutyunjay , Avar Baris
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the impact of zinc (Zn) content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of (70‐x)Fe‐30Mn‐xZn (x = 0, 3, 6, and 9 wt%) nanocrystalline alloys produced using mechanical alloying and subsequently formed into pellets through hot pressing and sintering. X‐ray diffraction analysis indicates that Fe‐30Mn‐xZn (x = 0, 3, 6, and 9 wt%) particles exist in the austenite phase. According to scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy results, elemental distribution is homogeneous. Density tests of consolidated samples are performed by the Archimedes method. Among the tested alloys, the Fe‐30Mn‐9Zn alloy shows the highest relative density at 94.21%. Additional tests are performed to evaluate hardness, wear resistance, bending strength, corrosion behavior, and antibacterial properties. The Fe‐30Mn alloy has the highest hardness and wear resistance with a 548.66 HV value, which can be attributed to the solid solution hardening mechanism. The Fe‐30Mn‐9Zn alloy displays a bending strength of 1277.61 MPa and the lowest corrosion rate of 0.044 mm year−1 with potentiodynamic polarization tests, attributed to low porosity. Antibacterial tests conducted using the colony counting method with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria show that increasing the zinc content significantly enhances the antibacterial properties of the alloy.
Capturing Copper Single Atom in Proton Donor Stimulated O‐End Nitrate Reduction
Authors: Zuo Yunpeng , Sun Mingzi , Li Tingting , Sun Libo , Han Shuhe , Chai Yang , Huang Bolong , Wang Xin
Published: February 2025

Ammonia (NH3) is vital in global production and energy cycles. Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction (e‐NO3RR) offers a promising route for nitrogen (N) conversion and NH3 synthesis, yet it faces challenges like competing reactions and low catalyst activity. This study proposes a synergistic mechanism incorporating a proton donor to mediate O‐end e‐NO3RR, addressing these limitations. A novel method combining ultraviolet radiation reduction, confined synthesis, and microwave treatment was developed to create a model catalyst embedding Cu single atoms on La‐based nanoparticles (p‐CNCusLan‐m). DFT analysis emphasizes the critical role of La‐based clusters as proton donors in e‐NO3RR, while in situ characterization reveals an O‐end adsorption reduction mechanism. The catalyst achieves a remarkable Faraday efficiency (FENH3) of 97.7%, producing 10.6 mol gmetal−1 h−1 of NH3, surpassing most prior studies. In a flow cell, it demonstrated exceptional stability, with only a 9% decrease in current density after 111 hours and a NH3 production rate of 1.57 mgNH3/h/cm−2. The proton donor mechanism's effectiveness highlights its potential for advancing electrocatalyst design. Beyond NH3 production, the O‐end mechanism opens avenues for exploring molecular‐oriented coupling reactions in e‐NO3RR, paving the way for innovative electrochemical synthesis applications.
Self‐Powered Artificial Neuron Devices: Towards the All‐In‐One Perception and Computation System
Authors: Zheng Tong , Xie Xinkai , Shi Qiongfeng , Wu Jun , Yu Cunjiang
Published: February 2025

The increasing demand for energy supply in sensing units and the computational efficiency of computation units has prompted researchers to explore novel, integrated technology that offers high efficiency and low energy consumption. Self‐powered sensing technology enables environmental perception without external energy sources, while neuromorphic computation provides energy‐efficient and high‐performance computing capabilities. The integration of self‐powered sensing technology and neuromorphic computation presents a promising solution for an all‐in‐one system. This review examines recent developments and advancements in self‐powered artificial neuron devices based on triboelectric, piezoelectric, and photoelectric effects, focusing on their structures, mechanisms, and functions. Furthermore, it compares the electrical characteristics of various types of self‐powered artificial neuron devices and discusses effective methods for enhancing their performance. Additionally, this review provides a comprehensive summary of self‐powered perception systems, encompassing tactile, visual, and auditory perception systems. Moreover, it elucidates recently integrated systems that combine perception, computing, and actuation units into all‐in‐one configurations, aspiring to realize closed‐loop control. The seamless integration of self‐powered sensing and neuromorphic computation holds significant potential for shaping a more intelligent future for humanity.
Robust Full‐Surface Bonding of Substrate and Electrode for Ultra‐Flexible Sensor Integration
Authors: Takakuwa Masahito , Inoue Daishi , Sun Lulu , Yamamoto Michitaka , Umezu Shinjiro , Hashizume Daisuke , Itoh Toshihiro , Fukuda Kenjiro , Someya Takao , Yokota Tomoyuki
Published: February 2025

The integration of multiple flexible electronics is crucial for the development of ultra‐flexible wearable and implantable devices. To fabricate an integrated system, robust and flexible bonding throughout the connection area, irrespective of the electrode or substrate, is needed. Conventional methods for flexible direct bonding have primarily been confined to metal electrodes or substrate‐only bonding due to varying material properties. Consequently, the mechanical and electrical properties of the connections deteriorate based on their shape and size. This study introduces a bonding technique for wearable electronics, achieving strong, flexible connections between materials like gold and parylene at a low temperature (85 °C). This hybrid direct bonding method ensures strong bonding across both the Au electrode and parylene substrate within electronic interconnections. Additionally, a 3D‐stacked flexible structure that maintains robustness and high flexibility without an adhesive layer is successfully developed. An ultrathin photoplethysmography sensor developed by stacking an ultrathin organic photodetector atop an organic light‐emitting diode is demonstrated. Unlike traditional methods requiring adhesives or high pressure, this approach maintains flexibility essential for deformation, withstanding bending at a radius of 0.5 mm. The technique's robustness suggests promising applications in durable, ultra‐flexible electronics integration.
Fully Printed 3D‐Thermoformed Electroluminescent Capacitive System for Human–Machine Interface Applications
Authors: Campos‐Arias Lia , Peřinka Nikola , Vicente Javier , Gomes Correia Vitor Manuel , Mendes‐Felipe Cristian , Vilas‐Vilela José Luis , Lanceros‐Méndez Senentxu
Published: February 2025

In‐mold electronics (IME) has emerged as a suitable approach to enable conformable electronics with improved integration and reduction of assembling parts. It also presents a lower environmental impact comparing with conventional electronics since it requires less material an energy during fabrication. The combination of screen‐printing and thermoforming to develop IME products has been used to manufacture sensors and conductive circuits. However, it has not been explored in more complex fields combining several functionalities, such as lighting and sensing. In this work, an electroluminescent capacitive interface by screen‐printing and thermoforming is developed. The morphology and electrical properties are analyzed before and after thermoforming to determine the impact of the fabrication process. It is found that the luminance of the thermoformed device is superior to the device before thermoforming. Moreover, the capacitance activity is also tested, obtaining a functional system by combining the sensing capacitance of one of the electrodes and the luminance of another one. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, a completely functional screen‐printed and thermoformed device with electroluminescent activity and capacitive sensors is reported for the first time. Thus, this work strongly contributes to a broader understanding and application of IME technology.
Quasi‐Continuous Efficient Regulation of Single‐Molecule Electronic Distribution
Authors: Li Zhizhou , Hu Weilin , Zhou Shuyao , Xu Changqing , Li Mingyao , Wang Jinying , He Suhang , Zhang Liang , Jia Chuancheng , Guo Xuefeng
Published: February 2025

The electronic distribution characteristics of molecules significantly influence the charge transport properties and the device performance of molecular electronic devices. These characteristics are closely related to subtle molecular structures, forming a formidable challenge for effective control. Here, a flexible crown ether moiety is integrated into the single‐molecule junction, where its spatial structure can be regulated by an external electric field, enabling efficient tuning of the electronic characteristics. It is found that the transformation barriers between different structures and the conductance of single‐molecule junctions can be adjusted by the external electric field. Both theoretical and experimental results consistently demonstrate that the interaction between the external electric field and the intrinsic molecular dipole can alter the molecular energy and stabilize a series of metastable molecular configurations, allowing for the quasi‐continuous manipulation of the electronic characteristics. This study unveils efficient control of the single‐molecule electronic characteristics by external electric fields, advancing a deeper understanding of molecular electronics and supramolecular chemistry.
Revealing the Origin and Nature of the Buried Metal‐Substrate Interface Layer in Ta/Sapphire Superconducting Films
Authors: Anbalagan Aswin k. , Cummings Rebecca , Zhou Chenyu , Mun Junsik , Stanic Vesna , Jordan‐Sweet Jean , Yao Juntao , Kisslinger Kim , Weiland Conan , Nykypanchuk Dmytro , Hulbert Steven L. , Li Qiang , Zhu Yimei , Liu Mingzhao , Sushko Peter V. , Walter Andrew L. , Barbour Andi M.
Published: February 2025

Despite constituting a smaller fraction of the qubit's electromagnetic mode, surfaces and interfaces can exert significant influence as sources of high‐loss tangents, which brings forward the need to reveal properties of these extended defects and identify routes to their control. Here, we examine the structure and composition of the metal‐substrate interfacial layer that exists in Ta/sapphire‐based superconducting films. Synchrotron‐based X‐ray reflectivity measurements of Ta films, commonly used in these qubits, reveal an unexplored interface layer at the metal‐substrate interface. Scanning transmission electron microscopy and core‐level electron energy loss spectroscopy identified an intermixing layer (≈0.65 ± 0.05 nm) at the metal‐substrate interface containing Al, O, and Ta atoms. Density functional theory modeling reveals that the structure and properties of the Ta/sapphire heterojunctions are determined by the oxygen content on the sapphire surface prior to Ta deposition for two atomic terminations of sapphire. Using a multimodal approach, we gained deeper insights into the interface layer between the metal and substrate, which suggests that the orientation of deposited Ta films depend on the surface termination of sapphire. The observed elemental intermixing at the metal‐substrate interface influences the thermodynamic stability and electronic behavior of the film, which may also affect qubit performance.
Advanced Cellulose‐Derived Hard Carbon as Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Mechanisms, Optimization, and Challenges
Authors: Cui Jian , Su Panpan , Li Wenxiu , Wang Xiaoen , Zhang Yongguang , Xiao Zuoyi , An Qingda , Chen Zhongwei
Published: February 2025

Hard carbon materials are regarded as the most promising negative electrode materials for commercial sodium‐ion batteries. As the most abundant bioresource in nature, cellulose has unique fiber structure and multifunctional groups, is considered to be appropriate precursor for the preparation for hard carbon. The present review comprehensively elaborates on the mechanism of sodium storage and different preparation methods of cellulose‐derived hard carbon, explores different microstructures of cellulose‐derived hard carbon for sodium storage and electrochemical performance in sodium ion batteries, proposes corresponding treatment methods to improve the electrochemical performance targeted at precursors of cellulose‐based materials. This review also presents an update on development of electrochemical performance for cellulose‐derived hard carbon in SIBs, figures out the achievements and shortcomings in the advanced study of cellulose‐derived hard carbon. Meanwhile, the relationship between electrochemical performance and microstructure of cellulose‐derived hard carbon obtained from different precursors and preparation methods is systematically summarized through theoretical calculations and characterization analyses. Additionally, the critical issues, challenges, and trends of cellulose‐derived hard carbon in SIBs for commercialization in future are discussed.
Cover crop and tillage effects on soil microbial communities in a corn cropping system
Authors: Mendis S. S. , Udawatta R. P. , Davis M. P. , Gurmessa B. , Salceda M. , Herget M. E.
Published: February 2025

Soil microbial communities have numerous soil ecological and physiological functions. However, knowledge is lacking on the interaction effects of no‐till and cover crops (CC) practices on these soil health indicators. This study evaluated the effects of CC and tillage on soil microbial communities in a corn (Zea mays L.) system. The study was conducted for 2 consecutive years on plots allotted to three practices: (1) no‐till and cover crop (NC), (2) conventional till and no cover crop (CN), and (3) no‐till no cover crop (NN). A grass strip (G) was used as a reference, assuming it was subjected to the least disturbance. Surface (0–5 cm and 5–10 cm) soils were sampled over 2 years in April and October. Soil microbial biomass was measured using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Seasonal variations indicated greater microbial biomass in fall than in spring. The G and NC significantly increased soil microbial biomass at both depths compared to CN and NN during fall 2021 sampling and numerically in fall 2020, where greater changes were observed at 0‐ to 5‐cm depth. In fall 2021 sampling, NC practices had 65%–75% more total microbial biomass than CN and NN at both depths (p < 0.001), with total bacterial biomass 70% greater (p < 0.002) and total fungal biomass 75%–85% greater (p < 0.007). NC also showed 85% more actinomycetes biomass than CN at 5‐ to 10‐cm depth (p < 0.05). The study concluded that soil microbial communities significantly improved after two CC seasons, with higher microbial biomass in fall compared to spring.
International Expert Opinion on Standard of Care for Patients With Schinzel‐Giedion Syndrome: A Modified Delphi Study
Authors: Duis Jessica , Agresta Laura , Bennett William E. , Chambers Henry , Clarke Antonia , Fairhurst Charlie , Hoover‐Fong Julie , Murphy Feilim , Noritz Garey , Schwantes Scott , Shreve Michael , Thusang Kabelo , Weidemann Darcy , Beale Rebecca , Mehta Aditi , Wilhelmsen Andrew , Summerfield Nuala
Published: February 2025

Schinzel‐Giedion Syndrome (SGS) is an ultra‐rare, multisystem, genetic developmental disorder caused by gain‐of‐function pathogenic variants in the SETBP1 gene. No standard of care (SoC) recommendations currently exist. To assess expert opinion on SoC for individuals with SGS using a modified Delphi method. A multidisciplinary panel of 21 experts from the USA and Europe was assembled. Experts responded to a two‐round questionnaire, with a subgroup participating in a virtual workshop, through which recommendations pertaining to the diagnosis, monitoring, treatment, and management of SGS were iteratively developed. Consensus was defined as ≥ 70% of respondents demonstrating agreement/disagreement with 6‐point Likert scale questions, or ≥ 70% of respondents selecting a given multiple‐choice question option. Overall, 81/94 statements achieved consensus. Experts agreed that the recommendations should be considered applicable to any individual with confirmed SGS or an indicative phenotype and any SETBP1 gain‐of‐function mutation. Key considerations included early and sustained involvement of a multidisciplinary team, routine monitoring for common tumors, neurologic, renal, genitourinary, pulmonary, musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal manifestations/complications, and facilitation of shared decision‐making processes. These recommendations should help guide clinicians and families/caregivers in care decisions to enhance quality and duration of life for individuals with SGS and facilitate shared decision‐making.
Investigation of DNA Binding of Newly Designed Zn (II) Complexes With N‐N and O‐O Donor Ligands as Potential Antioxidants: Spectroscopic, Electrochemical, and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Heidari Ameneh , Dehghanian Effat , Ahmar Hamid
Published: February 2025

The complexes of [Zn (DAP)(SA)] (1) and [Zn (bpy)(DAP)]Cl2 (2) (where DAP is 3,4‐diaminobenzophenone, SA is a dianion of salicylate, and bpy is 2,2′‐bipyridine) were synthesized and characterized using various techniques such as 1H NMR, ESI‐Mass, 13C NMR, FT‐IR, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and UV–Vis. The formation of these complexes was supported by theoretical DFT approach. It reveals that these complexes have tetrahedral geometry. The interaction of these complexes with CT‐DNA was studied by different methods. The UV–Vis titration revealed a bathochromic shift and significant hypochromicity at 260 nm for the absorption band of CT‐DNA in the presence of these complexes. The studies in this work showed that the intercalative interaction between these complexes and CT‐DNA is not the main or strongest mode, but other modes such as groove binding play role in their interactions. The achieved results from viscosity and electrochemical measurement confirmed this finding. The fluorescence studies showed that the proposed mechanism of fluorescence quenching for both complexes is static quenching. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH° and ΔS°) revealed that the interaction of complex (1) with DNA occurs through hydrophobic forces and for complex (2) via hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interaction. The antioxidant activity of these complexes was investigated by DPPH (2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) assay. According to this test, the antioxidant activity compared to the standard sample (vitamin C) is as follows: vitamin C > 2 > 1. Furthermore, the docking result proposed the binding of these complexes to the groove of DNA.
Synthesis of 2‐Methyl‐1,3‐Propanediol Modified Azelaic Acid‐Octanediol Copolyester Plasticizers and Their Plasticizing Effect on Polyvinyl Chloride
Authors: Zhang Wanjing , Shan Yuqi , Wang Liyan , Chen Yanming , Guo Liying , Chong Yunsheng , Qian Xin
Published: February 2025

Currently, mainstream phthalate plasticizers pose serious threats to the environment and human health. As an eco‐friendly and harmless alternative, polyester plasticizers have garnered widespread attention. However, their complex preparation process and low plasticizing efficiency have limited their practical application. In this study, a series of copolyester plasticizers (POMAZ), synthesized from azelaic acid, octanediol, and various contents of 2‐methyl‐1,3‐propanediol (MPO), were prepared via direct esterification. The preparation process is controllable, and the number‐average molecular weight of POMAZ ranges from 1000 to 4000, with a thermal degradation temperature above 270°C, demonstrating excellent thermal stability. PVC samples plasticized with POMAZ showed a decrease in glass transition temperature to −30°C and increased hydrophilicity with higher MPO content. Measurements of the tensile elongation at break of plasticized PVC verified the outstanding plasticizing performance of the POMAZ series. Specifically, POMAZ‐45/PVC exhibited an elongation at break of up to 975.3%, with a plasticizing efficiency reaching 273.2%.
Green Polyurethane Foam Coated With a Copolymer Containing TiO2 Nanoparticles Through Non‐solvent Induced Phase Separation: A Photocatalytic Water Cleaning Approach
Authors: Silva Philipe Augusto Pocidonio , Nunes Eduardo Henrique Martins , Almeida Marys Lene Braga , Oréfice Rodrigo Lambert
Published: February 2025

The expansion of human population in many parts of the world is increasing the demand for fresh water and the contamination of water by contaminants such as dye, and others requires efficient, easy‐to‐use, cheap and environmentally sustainable technologies to perform water purification tasks. In this work, nanostructured eco‐friendly bio‐based castor oil polyurethane foams that can remove heavy metal ions from contaminated water were customized to add another function associated with the photodegradation of organic molecules. To this end, nanostructured polyurethane foams (containing cellulose‐halloysite nanocomposite units) were coated with poly(styrene)‐b‐(polyethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐b‐polystyrene (SEBS) by non‐solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) process for the first time. The deposition of the coating also allowed the incorporation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles by applying a new strategy, in which the nanoparticles were suspended in the non‐solvent prior to the NIPS process. These modulated and mixed technologies have generated polyurethane foams capable of degrading at least 10% of methylene blue dye through photocatalysis. The photocatalytic system is inactivated by pH where pH = 2.0 does not promote photocatalysis but the process is activated in water pH. The effect of photocatalysis generated with only 0.5% by mass of TiO2 in the foam, approximately 10 mg of TiO2, was 9.22% and 10.02% for approximately 20 mg.
Genetic Control of Social Experience‐Dependent Changes in Locomotor Activity in Drosophila melanogaster Males
Authors: Bragina Julia V. , Goncharova Anna A. , Besedina Natalia G. , Danilenkova Larisa V. , Kamysheva Elena A. , Kamyshev Nikolai G.
Published: February 2025

In animals, social experience plays an important role in the adaptive modification of behavior. Previous social experience changes locomotor activity in Drosophila melanogaster. In females, suppression of locomotion is observed only when flies are in aggregations, but males retain a reduced level of locomotor activity up to 5 days after being isolated from the group. The mechanisms underlying such behavioral plasticity still largely are unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify new candidate genes involved in the social experience‐dependent modification of locomotor activity. We tested the effect of social experience on spontaneous locomotor activity in various mutant males, including those with impaired learning and memory, circadian rhythms, some biochemical pathways, and sensory systems. The results of the present study indicate that the biogenic amines and olfactory perception appear to play key roles in social experience‐induced changes in locomotor activity. Also, we performed a screen of the collection of mutants carrying random autosomal insertions of PdL transposon. We isolated five candidate genes, of which two genes, Dek and Hel89B, encode proteins related to the formation of the epigenetic code, implying that epigenetic factors regulating gene expression may be involved in social experience‐dependent modification of locomotor behavior.
Detecting Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) Damage in Rice Using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing
Authors: Vidya Madhuri Eere , Sahoo Rabi N. , Ramalingam Selvaprakash , Chander Subhash , Paramimuthu Sharan , Salim Rajna
Published: February 2025

Remote sensing is being increasingly used in agricultural stress management, offering real‐time analysis of crop stress beyond what can be observed visually alone. Hopper burn, induced by brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) is a significant challenge to rice production in India. This study aims to characterize the spectral reflectance of rice plants with different infestation levels of 2nd instar BPH nymphs across three varieties namely Pusa Basamti‐1509, Pusa Basmati‐1121, and TN‐1 (susceptible variety to BPH). The differential infestation included 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 100, 200 number of nymphs. The spectral signatures of the crop were collected at 20 and 40 days after infestation (DAI). The results indicated a distinct change in reflectance pattern between healthy and infested rice plants across all three varieties in green (490–559 nm), yellow (560–584 nm), orange (585–639 nm), and red (640–699 nm) region of visible portion as affected by chlorophyll pigments and in NIR region (700–1800 nm) as affected by cell structure and in water absorption (1915 nm) region of SWIR portion. The specific wavelength band (470, 660,750, 1800, 1915 nm) showing a correlation above 0.8 with pest severity level, was identified as sensitive for assessing BPH damage. Analysis of reflectance changes across wavelengths highlighted that the first derivative has a strong correlation between BPH severity and reflectance in the green region (500–540 nm) and red edge position (680–760 nm). The amplitude of the red edge value decreased with an increase in the severity level of insects. This study identifies the sensitivity of visible and near‐infrared regions in detecting and assessing BPH infestation severity.
Precision in kidney‐sparing surgery: Robot‐assisted ureterectomy with novel Black Eye™ Ink
Authors: Alhusseinawi Hayder , Nadler Naomi , Andersen Helene Reif , Vásquez Juan Luis , Norus Thomas , Azawi Nessn
Published: February 2025

Objective

To investigate the feasibility, oncological efficacy and safety of robotic segmental ureterectomy (SU) for treating patients with localised upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). A key aspect of this research involves utilising Black Eye™ Endoscopic Marker Ink to delineate the boundary of the tumour in the ureter, helping to ensure precise surgical intervention and reducing the risk of positive surgical margin.

Patients and Methods

In a prospective non‐randomised trial from January 2018 to December 2022, patients with localised UTUC confirmed by CT‐urography were enrolled. A Multidisciplinary Team assessed patients for suitability for kidney‐sparing surgery (KSS) with SU, marked by endoscopic Black Eye™ Endoscopic Marker Ink. Black Eye Endoscopic Marker Ink marking aimed to enhance surgical precision by delineating clear resection margins. The primary endpoints were the feasibility of the technique, local and bladder recurrence rates and surgical outcomes. Propensity score matching was used for a balanced comparison to the standard treatment Radical Nephroureterectomy (RNU).

Results

Thirty patients underwent SU, in the period of study with only one local recurrence reported with a median follow‐up time of 35 months. SU was associated with a significantly shorter operative time (41 minutes less on average, p < 0.001) than RNU. Tumour size was significantly larger in the RNU group (median size 42.5 mm, IQR: 30–60.5) compared to the SU group (median size 30 mm, IQR: 20–35) (p = 0.007), potentially indicating selection bias towards RNU for more advanced cases. No significant difference between the groups was found in the post‐operative Clavien‐Dindo complication score nor in oncological outcomes.

Conclusion

SU with Black Eye™ Endoscopic Marker Ink marking is a viable KSS technique that offers a safe and effective alternative to RNU for patients with a single tumour, no longer than 30 mm and of low grade. This novel approach is promising in lowering the risk of positive margins, ensuring cancer control and preserving renal function.
Perinatal Outcomes in Patients With Neural Tube Defects in a Middle‐Income Setting
Authors: Velazquez‐Torres Berenice , Pacheco‐Ruiz Sandra I. , Acevedo‐Gallegos Sandra , Lumbreras‐Marquez Mario I. , Jimenez‐Guerra Rolando , Ramirez‐Calvo Jose A. , Rodriguez‐Sibaja Maria J. , Amaya‐Guel Yubia
Published: February 2025

Background

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the second most common congenital malformation. Periconceptional, prenatal, and perinatal interventions have been implemented to reduce their incidence and improve those affected's survival and quality of life. The study aims to describe this population's prevalence, interventions performed, clinical management, and perinatal outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective review of all prenatally diagnosed neural tube defect cases from January 2018 to April 2024 at a perinatal referral center in Mexico City was conducted.

Results

One hundred seventy‐two cases were identified with a prevalence of 9.8/1000 births, including anencephaly (17.26%), myeloschisis (8.63%), myelomeningocele (56.83%), encephalocele (12.94%), meningocele (4.31%) and lipomyelomeningocele (0.71%), with a median gestational age at diagnosis of 28.4 weeks; 39.57% had normal pregestational weight. Maternal characteristics in the sample included epilepsy (4.32%), diabetes (15.83%), history of a child with NTD (1.43%), exposure to teratogens (4.32%), and folic acid intake after 8 weeks gestation (21.58%). Myelomeningocele had a higher survival rate to discharge of 93.40%, as well as associated defects (53.1%), with bilateral clubfoot being the highest (29.1%); Nine patients (6.47%) received palliative care. The median in‐hospital length of stay was 21.5 days. Post‐surgical complications were reported in 10.9% of patients with myelomeningocele. 25.8% received pediatric rehabilitation assessment, 5.7% presented with neurogenic bladder, and 3rd‐level hospitals were the highest referral units.

Conclusion

Managing NTDs involves preconception strategies, prenatal diagnosis, postnatal care, timely surgical interventions, and early pediatric rehabilitation. Likewise, proper referral to complex tertiary care to manage complications and additional morbidity in these cases could improve short‐ and long‐term patient outcomes.
Tackling ignorance about law in human rights education
Authors: Egan Suzanne
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to unpack potential reasons why law and legal knowledge—despite its apparent importance and value in teaching and learning about human rights—appears to be largely conspicuous by its absence in human rights education (HRE) in schooling. Drawing on a range of contextually relevant categories of ignorance identified from discourse on epistemologies of ignorance, it argues that deficits in legal literacy on the part of the wide range of stakeholders involved in HRE can manifest in multiple guises, including: ignorance as a strategic choice for political ends; ignorance as a conscious, rational and practical (not necessarily self‐interested) choice; and inadvertent ignorance or such that is unconsciously selective in nature. By approaching the issue from this novel standpoint, the overarching aim of the paper is to illuminate the prospects and possibilities for tackling instances of such ignorance going forward.
Supporting the supporters: How peer mentoring engagement reduces citizenship fatigue for sophomores in universities
Authors: Ma Lin , Dong Yanan , Jiang Haowen , Wu Xin , Wang Huiwen
Published: February 2025

Although peer mentoring has been widely adopted in universities, in which sophomores serve as mentors to help freshmen quickly adapt to university life, less attention has been given to the effect of these programmes on mentors. To address this gap in the literature, the impact of mentors' engagement in peer mentoring on citizenship fatigue in Chinese universities was investigated and framed within the conservation of resources theory. We collected data from 401 peer mentors across two survey waves and explored how and when engagement in peer mentoring affects mentors' citizenship fatigue. The results showed that higher engagement in peer mentoring significantly enhanced mentors' perceived meaningfulness, which in turn reduced citizenship fatigue. Additionally, mentor self‐disclosure strengthened the positive relationship between engagement in peer mentoring and perceived meaningfulness. These findings highlight the importance of psychological resources in reducing mentors' citizenship fatigue and suggest that universities should support mentors by providing mental health resources and encouraging open communication to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of peer mentoring programmes.
Network Meta‐Analysis of Time‐to‐Event Endpoints With Individual Participant Data Using Restricted Mean Survival Time Regression
Authors: Hua Kaiyuan , Wang Xiaofei , Hong Hwanhee
Published: February 2025

Network meta‐analysis (NMA) extends pairwise meta‐analysis to compare multiple treatments simultaneously by combining “direct” and “indirect” comparisons of treatments. The availability of individual participant data (IPD) makes it possible to evaluate treatment effect moderation and to draw inferences about treatment effects by taking the full utilization of individual covariates from multiple clinical trials. In IPD‐NMA, restricted mean survival time (RMST) models have gained popularity when analyzing time‐to‐event outcomes because RMST models offer more straightforward interpretations of treatment effects with fewer assumptions than hazard ratios commonly estimated from Cox models. Existing approaches estimate RMST within each study and then combine by using aggregate‐level NMA methods. However, these methods cannot incorporate individual covariates to evaluate the effect moderation. In this paper, we propose advanced RMST NMA models when IPD are available. Our models allow us to study treatment effect moderation and provide a comprehensive understanding about comparative effectiveness of treatments and subgroup effects. The methods are evaluated by an extensive simulation study and illustrated using a real NMA example about treatments for patients with atrial fibrillation.
Dynamic Capabilities and Microfoundations to Overcome Barriers to Circular Economy Implementation
Authors: Franco Stefano , Giannoccaro Ilaria
Published: February 2025

The circular economy (CE) aims to reshape production models, aligning them with environmental and social goals. Recent analyses show that global economic systems in 2023 are recycling only 7.3% of their material usage. One reason is the existence of barriers to CE adoption at multiple levels, which in turn require appropriate dynamic capabilities to be overcome. This research explores the connections between barriers and dynamic capabilities, with a focus on their microfoundations, with the aim to develop a comprehensive framework supporting firms to implement CE business models. The study employs a multiple case study on seven Italian companies that successfully undergone the circular transformation across diverse manufacturing industries belonging to Made in Italy, that is, fashion, food, furniture, and paper. The research outlines seven microfoundations linked to the three dynamic capabilities of sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring. These microfoundations allow firms to overcome barriers at the institutional, supply chain, and firm levels.
How B Corps Are Hybrid? Unpacking Hybridity in Social Enterprises
Authors: Boni Leonardo , Fini Riccardo , Toschi Laura
Published: February 2025

Researchers have extensively studied the hybrid condition of organizations that simultaneously pursue social and economic goals. Yet, hybridity manifests itself in multiple ways. This paper aims to identify the different facets of the hybrid condition, conducting an empirical study in a specific setting of hybrid organizations: the B corporations (i.e., for‐profit organizations awarded with a prosocial certification). We propose and test a multifactor scale measuring how hybridity (i) occurs, (ii) influences firms' organizational processes, and (iii) shapes firms' social impact thesis. We test the scale on a sample of 101 Italian B Corp firms, identifying four factors that determine the hybrid nature of B Corps and characterizing two ideal types of B Corps. We contribute to the literature on social entrepreneurship and hybrid organizations by capturing the nuances of B Corps' hybridity.
The production of succinate with more CO2 fixation reactions facilitated by RuBisCO‐based engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Zhou Xiuyuan , Li Linqing , Sun Shengjie , Xiong Peng , Liu Xiutao
Published: February 2025

Redesigning metabolic pathways to enhance the efficiency of carbon fixation during chemical biosynthesis is a promising approach for achieving cleaner and greener production of multi‐carbon compounds. In this study, we established a model of cell growth in Escherichia coli that is dependent on the RuBisCO‐Prk pathway by regulating its central metabolism. This rewiring ensures that growth depends on RuBisCO's carboxylation, allowing heterotrophic growth to rely on carbon fixation. This model was verified by detecting the growth curve, and it was used to screen four RuBisCO genes, of which the gene from Rhodospirillum rubrum ATCC 11170 serves as a growth advantage for E.coli. In addition, this model was applied to construct an efficient succinate biosynthetic pathway that can produce two moles of succinate from one mole of xylose and three moles of CO2. Compared to conventional succinate biosynthesis, this strategy has a CO2 fixation capacity that is 1.5 times greater. Furthermore, to optimize succinate production, various approaches were employed, including the optimization of key enzymes, substrate transport, and the supply of inorganic carbon. The resulting strain was capable of producing succinate at a level of 2.09 ± 0.14 g/L, which is nearly 22.4 times that of the original strain. In conclusion, this study was developed for the production of two moles of succinate by implementing three moles of carbon fixation reactions and demonstrated the feasibility of various optimization strategies in biological carbon fixation.
Identities and Spatial Distribution of Active Antioxidative Components in Ligustrum lucidum Ait. Leaves
Authors: Ji Xin , Lu Chenna , Liu Xiaoqian , Dai Liping , Feng Weihong , Zhang Yongxin , Liang Yaohua , Wang Zhimin , li chun
Published: February 2025

Despite that the leaves of Ligustrum lucidum Ait. (LLA) have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 2000 years, their medicinal potential remains underexplored compared with the fruits of this plant species. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the antioxidative activities of different solvent fractions of LLA leaf extract and to identify the active components and their spatial distribution within the leaf tissue. Among all solvent fractions tested, the ethyl acetate and n‐butanol fractions showed the strongest antioxidative activities in the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. In total, 19 and 21 compounds were identified in the ethyl acetate and n‐butanol fractions, respectively, with flavonoids, iridoids, and triterpenes being predominant. Analysis using desorption electrospray ionization–post‐photoionization–mass spectrometry imaging identified 20 compounds that were mainly distributed in the leaf epidermis and mesophyll. These findings provide a comprehensive reference resource that will aid our understanding of the medicinal value of LLA leaves and lay the scientific foundation for their further development and use as a source of natural antioxidants.
d‐Alanine, a circadian metabolite that regulates glucose metabolism and viral infection
Authors: Kimura Tomonori , Sakai Shinsuke , Isaka Yoshitaka
Published: February 2025

d‐Alanine, a rare d‐amino acid, exhibits a clear circadian rhythm and is present in organs associated with glucose metabolism. Recent findings have revealed that d‐alanine acts on the circadian rhythm, thereby regulating physiological processes related to circadian cycles that are essential for maintaining body homeostasis. The regulation of circadian rhythm by d‐alanine is vital for correcting blood glucose levels in diabetic conditions. In viral infections, d‐alanine serves as a sensitive biomarker that reflects the severity of the infection, as its level drastically decreases due to consumption. Supplementation with d‐alanine is effective to alleviate the progression of viral infections, potentially through the maintenance of the circadian rhythm and its associated immune responses. In addition to its role as a circadian biomarker, d‐alanine also functions as a circadian regulator and exerts a wide range of physiological effects. This review summarizes the physiological roles of d‐alanine as a circadian metabolite.
Myocardial Infarction and All‐Cause Mortality Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Conservative Treatment of Chronic Total Occlusions: A West Denmark Heart Registry Study
Authors: Søndergaard Marc Meller , Gunnarstein Sanna , Christensen Martin Kirk , Christiansen Evald Høj , Jensen Lisette Okkels , Veien Karsten Tange , Holck Emil Nielsen , Kragholm Kristian , Thuesen Leif , Eftekhari Ashkan
Published: February 2025

Background

Chronic coronary total occlusions (CTO) represent a therapeutic challenge, and results of randomized clinical trials and observational studies comparing conservative treatment versus percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are underpowered.

Aims

To assess myocardial infarction (MI) and all‐cause mortality in consecutive patients with CTO lesions.

Methods

Using data from the West Denmark Heart Registry, patients with chronic coronary syndrome and a 100% occluded vessel by invasive coronary angiography (ICA) were identified. Patients were stratified according to PCI within 90 days. Five‐year risk of MI and all‐cause mortality was calculated using cause‐specific Cox‐models and g‐formula methods. Subsequently, models were stratified on sex, diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate above 60 mL/min, procedure before 2012, and history of cardiac surgery. The risk was calculated for patients who did not experience MI or death within 30 days of the initial ICA.

Results

A total of 7675 patients were included in the study, of whom 3129 patients underwent PCI, and 4546 patients were treated conservatively. PCI‐ and conservatively treated patients had comparable risks of MI (13.1% [95% confidence interval [CI] 12.0%−14.3%] for patients who underwent PCI vs. 13.4% [95% CI 12.4%–13.4%] for patients who received conservative treatment). For all‐cause mortality, results were 14.4% (95% CI 13.3%–15.5%) versus 18.9% (95% CI 17.8%–20.0%), respectively. Results were consistent across subgroups. However, CTO‐PCI‐treated patients with previous heart surgery were at higher risk of MI.

Conclusions

Patients who underwent CTO‐PCI had a comparable 5‐year risk of MI and lower all‐cause mortality as compared to conservatively treated patients.
Unusual Presentation of Classical Galactosemia: A Case Report of Iranian Experience
Authors: Alaee Mohammadreza , Saneifard Hedyeh , Shakiba Marjan , Hanifeh Marjan , Moarefian Shirin
Published: February 2025

Galactosemia is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder with four main types, and classic galactosemia is the most prevalent. These patients have galactose‐1‐phosphate‐uridyltransferase deficiency. We report on a case of an infant who was admitted with poor feeding, lethargy, and poor weight gain. Based on the clinical symptoms and laboratory findings, the patient was considered to have a metabolic disorder. The patient had unusual presentations such as macrocytic anemia requiring blood transfusions, repeatedly metabolic acidosis requiring bicarbonate therapy and failure to thrive in addition to neurodevelopmental delay which led the authors to different diagnoses and suspect to mitochondrial disorders. Finally, in one of the assessments before blood transfusion, a high galactose‐1 phosphate was detected, and galactose‐free diet was started which led to neurologic and physical of the child. The whole‐exome sequencing (WES) also revealed a likely pathogenic homozygous mutation in GALT (c.794 C>G, p. Pro265Arg) confirming the diagnosis of classic galactosemia. In Iran, global neonatal metabolic screening is not done for galactosemia which results in late diagnosis of the affected patients. So, we suggest adding galactosemia to neonatal metabolic screening in Iran.
Dyshidrosiform Bullous Pemphigoid With Dermatophyte Infection: An Association or Coincidence? Diagnostic Challenge of a Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Shrestha Joshana , Pathak Thapa Deeptara , Shrestha Shristi , Bhusal Mohan , Dhungana Sanjay , Baniya Rabin , Piya Smriti
Published: February 2025

This Case Shows the Rarity of Dyshidrosiform Bullous Pemphigoid (DBP) as it is the first case to be reported from Nepal. Also, this is the first case of a dermatophyte infection in a patient with DBP. This case underscores the need for more extensive studies on DBP to better understand its incidence, risk factors, pathophysiology, systemic associations, diagnostic workup, and treatment options.