bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A method to predict texture effect on ion beam channeling analysis of polycrystals and the application to study the mosaic spreading effect in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite
Authors: Li Yongchang , Chauhan Rijul , Chen Di , Hu Zhihan , Wang X. M. , Shao Lin
Published: June 2022

We propose a method to convert the channeling Rutherford backscattering spectrum yield map of a single crystal to a polycrystal through a matrix rotation technique. The rotation matrix is determined by the deviation of the crystal axial direction from the original z axis. The final yield map is created after averaging the rotated yields using the texture function as the weight factor. For highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) exhibiting mosaic spread, the method leads to a Gaussian kernel averaging of the map obtained from a single crystal. The yield map of a single crystal is obtained by a simulation of ion trajectories in a potential field described by Moliere screened Coulomb potentials. Yield maps are calculated under variousσ values (standard deviations of mosaic spread). The simulated results are compared with experimental results obtained using 1.2 MeV alpha particle. σ is extracted through the best fitting, demonstrating that the method can be used to obtain texture details. The effects of mosaic spread on minimum yield χmin and the half-width at half maximum of angular scans ψ1/2 are systematically modeled and compared with previous theoretical equations. The study also shows that previous theoretical equations are valid only at small σ values. The proposed method can be applied to any type of polycrystal and is not limited to HOPG. It provides near-surface mosaic spread and crystallography information with a longitudinal depth resolution of tens of nanometers and is not influenced by grain shapes.
Analysis of abnormal threshold voltage shift induced by surface donor state in GaN HEMT on SiC substrate
Authors: Kuo Ting-Tzu , Chen Ying-Chung , Chang Ting-Chang , Tai Mao-Chou , Wang Yu-Xuan , Chen Kuan-Hsu , Lin Yu-Shan , Ciou Fong-Min , Jin Fu-Yuan , Chang Kai-Chun , Hung Wei-Chun , Chang Yen-Cheng , Yeh Chien-Hung
Published: June 2022

This study investigates the recovery behavior of GaN high-electron mobility transistors on SiC substrates under different hot-carrier stress conditions. The threshold voltage shifts positively due to hot electron trapping at the buffer layer under hot-carrier stress. However, the recovery between semi-on (Vt < VG < 0 V) hot-carrier stress and on-state (VG > 0 V) carrier stress is significantly different. This phenomenon is systematically discussed in terms of the applied gate voltage under stress condition, which affects the occupation of the surface donor states. After applying a semi-on hot-carrier stress, the threshold voltage continues to shift positively after relaxing the applied voltage. In contrast, the threshold voltage exponentially recovers after applying an on-state hot-carrier stress. Silvaco technology computer aided design (TCAD) simulation was performed to verify the effect of the surface donor state on the threshold voltages. Since switching between on-state and off-state in RF-applications includes both conditions, we suggest that the surface donor states are crucial to determine the failure of devices.
Control of escapes in two-degree-of-freedom open Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Nieto Alexandre R. , Lilienkamp Thomas , Seoane Jesús M. , Sanjuán Miguel A. F. , Parlitz Ulrich
Published: June 2022

We investigate the possibility of avoiding the escape of chaotic scattering trajectories in two-degree-of-freedom Hamiltonian systems. We develop a continuous control technique based on the introduction of coupling forces between the chaotic trajectories and some periodic orbits of the system. The main results are shown through numerical simulations, which confirm that all trajectories starting near the stable manifold of the chaotic saddle can be controlled. We also show that it is possible to jump between different unstable periodic orbits until reaching a stable periodic orbit belonging to a Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser island.
The atomistic mechanism of notch sensitivity on the deformation mode in metallic glasses
Authors: Cheng Ming , Zhang Yuxin , Meng Lingyi , Yao Xiaohu
Published: June 2022

In previous studies, the influence of flaws on macro-scale and nano-scale metallic glasses (MGs) has always been a topic of great interest, with important applications in engineering. Moreover, through experiments and simulations, many researchers draw contradictory conclusions of the notch sensitivity, including the notch strengthening, weakening, and insensitivity in different MGs. In order to better understand its atomic mechanism, classical molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on the nano-scale notched MGs in the present work to investigate the deformation modes under the uniaxial tension. According to the results, after setting notches, the MG samples exhibit a significant change from the shear to necking failure, which indicates a notch strengthening phenomenon. At the same time, the evolution of atomic structures suggests that the introduction of notches will increase the degree of shear localization and further disturb the structural order of MGs. The atomic displacement, which is different from shear strain, can also be used as an index to visually describe the deformation behavior of MGs and shows the high notch sensitivity.
Von Kármán spatial correlation function to describe wave propagation in polycrystalline media
Authors: Argüelles Andrea P.
Published: June 2022

Analytical functions that describe the spatial heterogeneity in polycrystalline media are highly desirable. These mathematically tractable descriptors can be readily implemented in physical models of static and dynamic material behavior, including wave propagation. This paper explores the suitability of von Kármán spatial correlation functions (SCFs) to describe polycrystalline media with a distribution of grain sizes. The empirical two-point statistics are compared to the von Kármán and other commonly reported SCFs. The von Kármán function is shown to be more accurate than the exponential function and more tractable than the sum of exponentials form. The impact of the SCF on wave propagation and scattering is studied by employing a well-defined analytical model for attenuation. The attenuation varies by over a factor of two for the aluminum case considered. These results provide preliminary insights into the suitability of a closed-form von Kármán SCF to describe polycrystalline media with increasingly complex microstructures.
Complex nonlinear dynamics and vibration suppression of conceptual airfoil models: A state-of-the-art overview
Authors: Liu Qi , Xu Yong , Kurths Jürgen , Liu Xiaochuan
Published: June 2022

During the past few decades, several significant progresses have been made in exploring complex nonlinear dynamics and vibration suppression of conceptual aeroelastic airfoil models. Additionally, some new challenges have arisen. To the best of the author’s knowledge, most studies are concerned with the deterministic case; however, the effects of stochasticity encountered in practical flight environments on the nonlinear dynamical behaviors of the airfoil systems are neglected. Crucially, coupling interaction of the structure nonlinearities and uncertainty fluctuations can lead to some difficulties on the airfoil models, including accurate modeling, response solving, and vibration suppression. At the same time, most of the existing studies depend mainly on a mathematical model established by physical mechanisms. Unfortunately, it is challenging and even impossible to obtain an accurate physical model of the complex wing structure in engineering practice. The emergence of data science and machine learning provides new opportunities for understanding the aeroelastic airfoil systems from the data-driven point of view, such as data-driven modeling, prediction, and control from the recorded data. Nevertheless, relevant data-driven problems of the aeroelastic airfoil systems are not addressed well up to now. This survey contributes to conducting a comprehensive overview of recent developments toward understanding complex dynamical behaviors and vibration suppression, especially for stochastic dynamics, early warning, and data-driven problems, of the conceptual two-dimensional airfoil models with different structural nonlinearities. The results on the airfoil models are summarized and discussed. Besides, several potential development directions that are worth further exploration are also highlighted.
Disentangling intrinsic motion from neighborhood effects in heterogeneous collective motion
Authors: Nabeel Arshed , Masila Danny Raj
Published: June 2022

Most real-world collectives, including animal groups, pedestrian crowds, active particles, and living cells, are heterogeneous. The differences among individuals in their intrinsic properties have emergent effects at the group level. It is often of interest to infer how the intrinsic properties differ among the individuals based on their observed movement patterns. However, the true individual properties may be masked by the nonlinear interactions in the collective. We investigate the inference problem in the context of a bidisperse collective with two types of agents, where the goal is to observe the motion of the collective and classify the agents according to their types. Since collective effects, such as jamming and clustering, affect individual motion, the information in an agent’s own movement is insufficient for accurate classification. A simple observer algorithm, based only on individual velocities, cannot accurately estimate the level of heterogeneity of the system and often misclassifies agents. We propose a novel approach to the classification problem, where collective effects on an agent’s motion are explicitly accounted for. We use insights about the phenomenology of collective motion to quantify the effect of the neighborhood on an agent’s motion using a neighborhood parameter. Such an approach can distinguish between agents of two types, even when their observed motion is identical. This approach estimates the level of heterogeneity much more accurately and achieves significant improvements in classification. Our results demonstrate that explicitly accounting for neighborhood effects is often necessary to correctly infer intrinsic properties of individuals.
Sol-gel transition programmed self-propulsion of chitosan hydrogel
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Horváth Dezső , Tóth Ágota
Published: June 2022

Active soft materials exhibit various dynamics ranging from boat pulsation to thin membrane deformation. In the present work, in situ prepared ethanol-containing chitosan gels propel in continuous and intermittent motion. The active life of the organic material loaded to the constant fuel level follows a linear scaling, and its maximal velocity and projection area decrease steeply with chitosan concentration. A thin propelling platelet forms at low polymer content, leading to the suppression of intermittent motion. Moreover, the fast accelerating thin gels can split into a crescent and circular-like shape or fission into multiple asymmetric fragments.
Data augmented turbulence modeling for three-dimensional separation flows
Authors: Yan Chongyang , Zhang Yufei , Chen Haixin
Published: June 2022

Field inversion and machine learning are implemented in this study to describe three-dimensional (3D) separation flow around an axisymmetric hill and augment the Spalart–Allmaras (SA) model. The discrete adjoint method is used to solve the field inversion problem, and an artificial neural network is used as the machine learning model. A validation process for field inversion is proposed to adjust the hyperparameters and obtain a physically acceptable solution. The field inversion result shows that the non-equilibrium turbulence effects in the boundary layer upstream of the mean separation line and in the separating shear layer dominate the flow structure in the 3D separating flow, which agrees with prior physical knowledge. However, the effect of turbulence anisotropy on the mean flow appears to be limited. Two approaches are proposed and implemented in the machine learning stage to overcome the problem of sample imbalance while reducing the computational cost during training. The results are all satisfactory, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Numerical analysis of dilute methanol spray flames in vitiated coflow using extended flamelet generated manifold model
Authors: Bhatia Bharat , De Ashoke , Roekaerts Dirk , Masri Assaad R.
Published: June 2022

This work focuses on the large eddy simulation and the study of turbulent dilute methanol spray flames in vitiated coflow using the secondary-oxidizer Flamelet Generated Model (FGM). The modified FGM model uses an additional secondary oxidizer parameter in addition to the three other parameters previously used for spray flames—progress variable, mixture fraction, and enthalpy. The results for gas phase and droplet properties are validated against the dilute methanol spray flame database for varying fuel injection amounts. The droplet statistics and the liftoff flame heights are accurately captured for all the cases. A proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the scalar fluctuating hydroxyl radical (OH) field and the velocity–temperature field captures the flame structures in the downstream region of ignition kernels. The detailed POD analysis reveals that the base frequency of the dominant OH field equals that of the dominant vortical structure of 67.3 Hz. The flame propagation happens around these dominant vortical structures because of the less-strained fluid mixing.
Rubidium frequency standard with pulsed optical pumping and frequency instability of 2.5 × 10−13τ
− 1/2
Authors: Baryshev V.N. , Osipenko G.V. , Novoselov A.V. , Sukhoverskaya A.G. , Boyko A.I. , Aleynikov M.S.
Published: June 2022

The work is dedicated to the further development of a compact quantum frequency standard based on a rubidium gas cell with a mixture of buffer gases. The results of frequency measurements and analysis of short-term frequency instability obtained on a laboratory prototype of a microwave rubidium atomic frequency standard (RAFS) with pulsed optical pumping (POP) are presented. The main in magnitude contributions to the overall frequency instability of the RAFS with POP are estimated. Short-term frequency instability expressed in terms of the Allan deviation and measured at averaging times τ up to several tens of seconds, σy
(τ) = 2.5×10−13
τ
−1/2, coincides satisfactorily with the calculated value of σy
(τ) = 2.1×10−13
τ
−1/2.
Stimulated low-frequency Raman light scattering in systems of nano- and submicron-sized particles
Authors: Karpov M.A. , Kudryavtseva A.D. , Shevchenko M.A. , Tcherniega N.V. , Umanskaya S.F.
Published: June 2022

We present a brief review of experimental work on the investigation of stimulated low-frequency Raman scattering of light in systems of submicron and nanosized particles of various physical nature.
Specificity of micro- and nanoproducts of titanium laser ablation in pure water
Authors: Borodina T.I. , Val’yano G.E. , Malikov M.M.
Published: June 2022

Laser ablation of titanium in distilled water at high and low power densities of copper vapour laser beam in the focal spot on a target surface is experimentally studied. Ablation regimes with different pulsed energy inputs and target irradiation times are investigated. The morphology and elemental and phase compositions of micro- and nanoaggregates obtained in different irradiation regimes are studied using electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. The ablation products are found to be practically totally in the X-ray amorphous state.
Research priorities for the ghost bat (
Authors: Cramer Viki A. , Armstrong Kyle N. , Bullen Robert D. , Cross Sophie L. , Gibson Lesley , Hanrahan Nicola , Knuckey Chris G. , Ottewell Kym , Reiffer Scott , Ruykys Laura , Shaw Robyn E. , Thavornkanlapachai Rujiporn , Thompson Scott A. , Wild Suzi , van Leeuwen Stephen
Published: June 2022

The ghost bat (Macroderma gigas) is Australia’s largest echolocating bat. It is restricted to several disjunct populations in the north of the continent, including a population in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. In 2016 the ghost bat was listed as Vulnerable under Australian federal legislation, owing to declining numbers across many regional populations. The most severe threat to ghost bats in the Pilbara region is the destruction and disturbance of habitat due to mining operations, but disturbance to their roosts from other infrastructure developments and changes to and loss of foraging habitat also pose significant threats. A set of research priorities for ghost bats in the Pilbara was developed during a workshop attended by mining industry representatives, environmental consultants, scientists and government regulators. Five research priorities were identified: (1) identify and characterise critical diurnal roosts and foraging habitat; (2) improve knowledge of the distribution, movement and dispersal patterns of ghost bats in the region; (3) improve knowledge of population size, persistence and long-term trends; (4) better understand the cumulative, direct and indirect impacts of mining and other development activities; and (5) better understand the threats posed by fence entanglements, cane toads and feral cats.
Properties tuning of supramolecular discotics by non-mesogenic triazines and acids
Authors: He Chunming , Wang Kunlun , Wang Yue , Xu Shengang , Liu Yingliang , Cao Shaokui
Published: June 2022

In this work, a new series of supramolecular discotic liquid crystals induced by hydrogen bonding between triazines T x and aromatic acids A y are presented, most of which exhibit columnar mesomorphic properties. The design strategy of combining the hydrogen bond parallel to the molecular plane with the π-stacking trend of triazine derivatives and aromatic acids was utilized, which has been widely confirmed by nematic, smectic or columnar liquid crystal phases. The formation of hydrogen bonded complexes was proven by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy and their stability studied by variable temperature FT-IR techniques. All prepared hydrogen bonded complexes displayed mesogenic properties and their liquid crystalline properties were investigated by means of DSC, POM and XRD. This work provides useful information to assist our further design of hydrogen bonded supramolecular liquid crystals for optoelectronic applications.
A genetic mammalian proportional–integral feedback control circuit for robust and precise gene regulation
Authors: Frei Timothy , Chang Ching-Hsiang , Filo Maurice , Arampatzis Asterios , Khammash Mustafa
Published: June 2022

The processes that keep a cell alive are constantly challenged by unpredictable changes in its environment. Cells manage to counteract these changes by employing sophisticated regulatory strategies that maintain a steady internal milieu. Recently, the antithetic integral feedback motif has been demonstrated to be a minimal and universal biological regulatory strategy that can guarantee robust perfect adaptation for noisy gene regulatory networks in
Escherichia coli
. Here, we present a realization of the antithetic integral feedback motif in a synthetic gene circuit in mammalian cells. We show that the motif robustly maintains the expression of a synthetic transcription factor at tunable levels even when it is perturbed by increased degradation or its interaction network structure is perturbed by a negative feedback loop with an RNA-binding protein. We further demonstrate an improved regulatory strategy by augmenting the antithetic integral motif with additional negative feedback to realize antithetic proportional–integral control. We show that this motif produces robust perfect adaptation while also reducing the variance of the regulated synthetic transcription factor. We demonstrate that the integral and proportional–integral feedback motifs can mitigate the impact of gene expression burden, and we computationally explore their use in cell therapy. We believe that the engineering of precise and robust perfect adaptation will enable substantial advances in industrial biotechnology and cell-based therapeutics.
PEAK1 Y635 phosphorylation regulates cell migration through association with Tensin3 and integrins
Authors: Zuidema Alba , Atherton Paul , Kreft Maaike , Hoekman Liesbeth , Bleijerveld Onno B. , Nagaraj Nagarjuna , Chen Nanpeng , Fässler Reinhard , Sonnenberg Arnoud
Published: June 2022

Integrins mediate cell adhesion by connecting the extracellular matrix to the intracellular cytoskeleton and orchestrate signal transduction in response to chemical and mechanical stimuli by interacting with many cytoplasmic proteins. We used BioID to interrogate the interactomes of β1 and β3 integrins in epithelial cells and identified PEAK1 as an interactor of the RGD-binding integrins α5β1, αVβ3, and αVβ5 in focal adhesions. We demonstrate that the interaction between integrins and PEAK1 occurs indirectly through Tensin3, requiring both the membrane-proximal NPxY motif on the integrin β tail and binding of the SH2 domain of Tensin3 to phosphorylated Tyr-635 on PEAK1. Phosphorylation of Tyr-635 is mediated by Src and regulates cell migration. Additionally, we found that Shc1 localizes in focal adhesions in a PEAK1 phosphorylated Tyr-1188–dependent fashion. Besides binding Shc1, PEAK1 also associates with a protein cluster that mediates late EGFR/Shc1 signaling. We propose a model in which PEAK1 binds Tensin3 and Shc1 to converge integrin and growth factor receptor signal transduction.
Gating and anion selectivity are reciprocally regulated in TMEM16A (ANO1)
Authors: De Jesús-Pérez José J. , López-Romero Ana E. , Posadas Odalys , Segura-Covarrubias Guadalupe , Aréchiga-Figueroa Iván , Gutiérrez-Medina Braulio , Pérez-Cornejo Patricia , Arreola Jorge
Published: June 2022

Numerous essential physiological processes depend on the TMEM16A-mediated Ca2+-activated chloride fluxes. Extensive structure–function studies have helped to elucidate the Ca2+ gating mechanism of TMEM16A, revealing a Ca2+-sensing element close to the anion pore that alters conduction. However, substrate selection and the substrate–gating relationship in TMEM16A remain less explored. Here, we study the gating–permeant anion relationship on mouse TMEM16A expressed in HEK 293 cells using electrophysiological recordings coupled with site-directed mutagenesis. We show that the apparent Ca2+ sensitivity of TMEM16A increased with highly permeant anions and SCN− mole fractions, likely by stabilizing bound Ca2+. Conversely, mutations at crucial gating elements, including the Ca2+-binding site 1, the transmembrane helix 6 (TM6), and the hydrophobic gate, impaired the anion permeability and selectivity of TMEM16A. Finally, we found that, unlike anion-selective wild-type channels, the voltage dependence of unselective TMEM16A mutant channels was less sensitive to SCN−. Therefore, our work identifies structural determinants of selectivity at the Ca2+ site, TM6, and hydrophobic gate and reveals a reciprocal regulation of gating and selectivity. We suggest that this regulation is essential to set ionic selectivity and the Ca2+ and voltage sensitivities in TMEM16A.
Uniqueness theorems for tomographic phase retrieval with few coded diffraction patterns
Authors: Fannjiang Albert
Published: June 2022

3D tomographic phase retrieval under the Born approximation for discrete objects supported on a n × n × n grid is analyzed. It is proved that n projections are sufficient and necessary for unique determination by computed tomography with full projected field measurements and that n + 1 coded projected diffraction patterns are sufficient for unique determination, up to a global phase factor, in tomographic phase retrieval. Hence n + 1 is nearly, if not exactly, the minimum number of diffractions patterns needed for 3D tomographic phase retrieval under the Born approximation.
Recent progress in stretchable and self-healable supercapacitors: active materials, mechanism, and device construction
Authors: Tung Yen-Yu , Gull Sanna , Ni Chung-Sheng , Chiu Wan-Ju , Chen Han-Yi
Published: June 2022

With the increasing popularity of wearable electronics and flexible screens in recent years, stretchable supercapacitors (SCs) have gained immense attention. However, such devices are often operated under conditions that cause large-scale deformation. Therefore, the self-healing of these devices during damage is also gradually being considered. This review introduces the recent research on stretchable and self-healing SCs and the effects of device construction, current collectors, and electrolytes on their mechanical stretchability, electrochemical performance, and practical applications. Finally, the limitations in the practical applications of such SCs and the possible solutions are discussed to provide an understanding for the development of high-performance devices in the future.
Atomic structure and Mott nature of the insulating charge density wave phase of 1T-TaS2
Authors: Petkov V , Peralta J E , Aoun B , Ren Y
Published: June 2022

Using x-ray pair distribution function (PDF) analysis and computer modeling, we explore structure models for the complex charge density wave (CDW) phases of layered 1T-TaS2 that both well capture their atomic-level features and are amenable to electronic structure calculations. The models give the most probable position of constituent atoms in terms of 3D repetitive unit cells comprising a minimum number of Ta–S layers. Structure modeling results confirm the emergence of star-of-David (SD) like clusters of Ta atoms in the high-temperature incommensurate (IC) CDW phase and show that, contrary to the suggestions of recent studies, the low-temperature commensurate (C) CDW phase expands upon cooling thus reducing lattice strain. The C-CDW phase is also found to preserve the stacking sequence of Ta–S layers found in the room temperature, nearly commensurate (NC) CDW phase to a large extent. DFT based on the PDF refined model shows that bulk C-CDW 1T-TaS2 also preserves the insulating state of individual layers of SD clusters, favoring the Mott physics description of the metal-to-insulator (NC-CDW to C-CDW) phase transition in 1T-TaS2. Our work highlights the importance of using precise crystal structure models in determining the nature of electronic phases in complex materials.
A new health indicator for rolling bearings based on impulsiveness and periodicity of signals
Authors: Qian Mengui , Yu Yaoxiang , Guo Liang , Gao Hongli , Zhang Ruiqi , Li Shichao
Published: June 2022

The early fault diagnosis of rolling bearings is of great significance. Most existing methods are insensitive to the early faults of bearings and unstable for different bearings. In order to solve these issues, a new health indicator based on the impulsiveness and periodicity of signals is proposed to diagnose bearing faults and identify initial degradation points (IDPs). First of all, the time domain signal is divided into multiple signal blocks. Secondly, the median local kurtosis (MLK) and fault characteristic order point amplitude (FAMP) of each signal block are calculated respectively to represent the impulsiveness and periodicity of the signal. By combining MLK with FAMP, MLK-FAMP is obtained to screen out the signal blocks containing fault information. Lastly, the FAMP of screened signal blocks is calculated by order analysis, which contains four components corresponding to four faults. The early failure type of bearings is identified according to the trend of these four components of FAMP. A relative similarity principle is applied to corresponding fault components to obtain the final health indicator, namely the MLK-FAMP-health indicator. The proposed method is validated in two cases and compared with indicators constructed using other methods. The results show that this method is able to precisely diagnose early faults and accurately identify the IDPs of bearings.
Arrhythmia classification of 12-lead and reduced-lead electrocardiograms via recurrent networks, scattering, and phase harmonic correlation
Authors: Warrick Philip A , Lostanlen Vincent , Eickenberg Michael , Nabhan Homsi Masun , Campoy Rodríguez Adrián , Andén Joakim
Published: June 2022

We describe an automatic classifier of arrhythmias based on 12-lead and reduced-lead electrocardiograms. Our classifier comprises four modules: scattering transform (ST), phase harmonic correlation (PHC), depthwise separable convolutions (DSC), and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network. It is trained on PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2021 data. The ST captures short-term temporal ECG modulations while the PHC characterizes the phase dependence of coherent ECG components. Both reduce the sampling rate to a few samples per typical heart beat. We pass the output of the ST and PHC to a depthwise-separable convolution layer (DSC) which combines lead responses separately for each ST or PHC coefficient and then combines resulting values across all coefficients. At a deeper level, two LSTM layers integrate local variations of the input over long time scales. We train in an end-to-end fashion as a multilabel classification problem with a normal and 25 arrhythmia classes. Lastly, we use canonical correlation analysis (CCA) for transfer learning from 12-lead ST and PHC representations to reduced-lead ones. After local cross-validation on the public data from the challenge, our team ‘BitScattered’ achieved the following results: 0.682 ± 0.0095 for 12-lead; 0.666 ± 0.0257 for 6-lead; 0.674 ± 0.0185 for 4-lead; 0.661 ± 0.0098 for 3-lead; and 0.662 ± 0.0151 for 2-lead.
A 16 nm FinFET circuit with triple function as digital multiplexer, active-high and active-low output decoder for high-performance SRAM architecture
Authors: B Jeevan , K Sivani
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a fin field-effect transistor (FinFET)-based single circuit (FSC) used to realize an active-high output decoder (AHD), active-low output decoder (ALD) and digital multiplexer. Traversal of the input signal through a single transmission gate irrespective of the size of the FSC is unique to this proposed multiplexer. This new FSC architecture uses an equal number of n-FinFET and p-FinFET devices, requiring few transistors compared with complementary metal oxide semiconductor designs. Three novel circuits are created using various logic styles following the same architecture. This FSC is compared with these similar circuits and, on average, the results for power dissipation and delay in the worst case show that this FSC is better by 14% and 18%, respectively. A FSC is created and extensively simulated with 16 nm FinFET technology using Eldo software. All the circuits are designed for 0.75 V, 1 V and 1.25 V and are stimulated with multiple input frequencies. The proposed circuit is most suitable for row address decoders and column multiplexers of static random access memories.
Probing virtual axion-like particles by precision phase measurements
Authors: Zarei Moslem , Shakeri Soroush , Sharifian Mohammad , Abdi Mehdi , Marsh David J.E. , Matarrese Sabino
Published: June 2022

We propose an experiment for detecting Axion-Like Particles (ALPs) based on the axion-photon interaction in the presence of a non-uniform magnetic field. The impact of virtual ALPs on the polarization of the photons inside a cavity is studied and a detection scheme is proposed.
We find that the cavity normal modes are dispersed differently owing to their coupling to the ALPs in the presence of a background magnetic field. This birefringence, in turn, can be observed as a phase difference between the cavity polarization modes.
The signal is considerably enhanced for a squeezed light source. We argue that the amplified signal allows for exclusion of a range of axion mass 6 × 10-4 eV ≲ ma
≲ 6 × 10-3 eV even at very small axion-photon coupling constant with the potential to reach sensitivity to the QCD axion.
Our scheme allows for the exclusion of a range of axion masses that has not yet been covered by other experimental techniques.
Probing non-thermal light DM with structure formation and N
eff
Authors: Baumholzer Sven , Schwaller Pedro
Published: June 2022

In many models of dark matter (DM), several production mechanisms contribute to its final abundance, often leading to a non-thermal momentum distribution. This makes it more difficult to assess whether such a model is consistent with structure formation observations.
We simulate the matter power spectrum for DM scenarios characterized by at least two temperatures and derive the suppression of structures at small scales and the expected number of Milky Way dwarf galaxies from it. This, together with the known bound on the number of relativistic
particle species, N
eff, allows us to obtain constraints on the parameter space of non-thermally produced DM.
We propose a simple parametrization for non-thermal DM distributions and present a fitting procedure that can be used to adapt our results to other models.
Optical properties of Al
x
Ga1−x
As/GaAs Woods–Saxon quantum well in the presence of hydrostatic pressure and applied electric field
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Hai , Shi Yi-Sheng , Yuan Jian-Hui
Published: June 2022

The third harmonic generation (THG), linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients (OACs), and refractive index changes (RICs) are investigated in a Woods–Saxon quantum well (QW) modulated by the hydrostatic pressure and applied electric field. The effect of non-uniform aluminum doping (position-dependent effective mass (PDEM)) on the mass of the system is discussed, and further to explore the influence of PDEM on the nonlinear THG, OACs, and RICs of the Woods–Saxon QW. These nonlinear optical properties above are obtained using the compact-density matrix formalism. The electron states in a Woods–Saxon QW under the constant effective mass (CEM) and PDEM are calculated by solving the Schrödinger equation via the finite difference technique. The contributions from competing effects of the hydrostatic pressure and applied electric field to the nonlinear optical properties with CEM and PDEM are reported, as well as the comparison with each other. The observations reveal that the regulation of external fields and the influence of PDEM play an important role in the photoelectric properties of QW.
Chaos due to symmetry-breaking in deformed Poisson ensemble
Authors: Das Adway Kumar , Ghosh Anandamohan
Published: June 2022

The competition between strength and correlation of coupling terms in a Hamiltonian defines numerous phenomenological models exhibiting spectral properties interpolating between those of Poisson (integrable) and Wigner–Dyson (chaotic) ensembles. It is important to understand how the off-diagonal terms of a Hamiltonian evolve as one or more symmetries of an integrable system are explicitly broken. We introduce a deformed Poisson ensemble to demonstrate an exact mapping of the coupling terms to the underlying symmetries of a Hamiltonian. From the maximum entropy principle we predict a chaotic limit which is numerically verified from the spectral properties and the survival probability calculations.
The technical proposal of energy control system for renewable energy usage
Authors: Zhao Heng , Liu Wei , Zhou Bin , Liu Zai-wang , Gao Jia-xin , Wang Hao-yang , Xie Chuan-Nan
Published: June 2022

The industry use of fossil fuels cause global warming and climate change. And, the grid is potentially not reliable source for power supply. Thus, the renewable energy decrease COX and NOX emission. It is suggested that alternative energy resources are encouraged and promoted by the world. That cause, energy control and facilities make reused energy efficiency in industrial region. In conclusion, the technical proposal of innovated and competitive renewable energy is fundamentally concerned rapidly.
Research on defect type diagnosis of composite insulator based on infrared detection technology
Authors: Li Xinran , Huang Qilin , Zhang Ruien , Chen Xiaolin , Geng Jianghai , Liu Yunpeng , Zhang Simin
Published: June 2022

Composite insulator is widely used in Hainan area of China because of its lightweight, small volume, good anti pollution flashover performance and many other advantages. Aiming at the problem of how to correctly judge the aging state of composite insulators under live conditions in Hainan’s high humidity environment, this paper analyzes the main causes of composite insulator heating and the heating position and temperature rise of composite insulator under different defect types by building equivalent circuit, and puts forward several criteria for distinguishing the defect types of composite insulator by infrared detection technology; taking the abnormal temperature rise of 220kV returned composite insulator in Hainan as an example, the defect type of the composite insulator is analyzed by infrared detection technology, and the correctness of the infrared results is verified by the appearance inspection and anatomical analysis of the test object. The results show that the defect that the temperature rise is between 1-5°C and only appears among the fittings and the first umbrella is caused by the aging, moisture absorption or surface pollution of the umbrella cover; the defect that the temperature rise is above 5°C and the range extends from the high-voltage end sheath to several umbrella skirts is caused by the internal deterioration of the insulator. In conclusion, the conclusion provides a guarantee for the safe operation of power grid and has important reference value for the study of on-line monitoring of composite insulators.
Configuration strategy and application for distribution network protection based on standalone 5G
Authors: Cai Y P , Yan Z H , Wang T , Wang Y M , Huang W , Li W
Published: June 2022

The 5G network, with its characteristics of wide coverage, high reliability and low delay communication, has a high application value in solving the “last kilometer” problem in interconnection between the terminal equipment of a distribution network. To improve the practical level of distribution network protection based on standalone 5G, we analyze the requirements of communication resource for distribution network protection firstly. Then, given the overall structure of 5G distribution network protection, a time synchronization scheme with higher reliability is proposed by means of homologous transmission of clock signal and data signal. At the same time, differential protection and regional protection are applied in an urban distribution network. The differences between the two protection methods in overhead lines and cables are analyzed. The results show that overhead lines are recommended for regional protection, and cables can be compatible with differential protection and regional protection.
Research on the Matching of Unequal Diameter Cables to Improve the Carrying Capacity of High-voltage Submarine Cable Landing Section
Authors: Pan Xiaomin , Zhang Shuang , Pan Jun
Published: June 2022

The conventional method of increasing the current carrying capacity of the submarine cable landing section increases the manufacturing cost of the submarine cable and the long-term operational reliability. This paper introduces the unequal diameter cable joint technology, the actual current-carrying capacity of the 220kV submarine cable landing section and the submarine section was checked. A differentiated unequal diameter submarine cable landing section and submarine section conductor cross-section matching principle was put forward. The economic efficiency of the unequal diameter cable matching scheme was evaluated. The research results show that, the larger the conductor cross-section of the submarine cable, the greater the drop in current-carrying capacity during the landing section. In the unequal diameter matching method, the single-core or copper wire armored submarine section cable requires a smaller conductor cross-section. The maximum transmission capacity can be obtained when the submarine cable line is all single-core copper wire armored. When it is all single-core steel wire armor, it can take into account the larger transmission capacity of the submarine cable line and the optimal unit capacity cost. This article provides a reference for the design and selection of submarine cable lines.
Research on Multi-party Data Secure Interaction Technology for Energy Internet
Authors: Zhang X J , Miao S W , Zhu Y Y , Lin Z Q , Hu B J , Jiang L , Cao J Y
Published: June 2022

Aiming at the problems of the energy Internet interaction process, which involves more users and intermediate links, and each participant is independent of each other, information asymmetry, and participants do not trust each other, this paper proposes a blockchain-based energy Internet multiparty data interaction model to build a data circulation architecture, including four layers, which are data sensing layer, network transmission layer, data processing layer and application service layer, to realize identity association, cross-domain access, It can realize the basic functions such as identity association, cross-domain access, trust evaluation and privacy protection, and effectively guarantee the secure interaction of multi-party data in the energy Internet.
Study on power grid transient stability control assisted by large-scale energy storage
Authors: Chen Changqing , Li Xinran
Published: June 2022

With the development of energy storage technology, energy storage power station has gradually become one of the main means to solve the voltage instability of the main network caused by uHV DC bipolar phase lock. Therefore, energy storage model has become a difficulty in research. Firstly, the structure model of power storage station participating in power grid voltage transient stability control system is constructed, and the control strategy of power storage station is analyzed. Secondly, in the power system analysis software package (PSASP), the ES model of transient voltage stability control is established by using user-defined modules, and each module in the model is introduced in detail, so as to realize the purpose of enhancing voltage transient stability control of energy storage power station connected to the power grid. Finally, the simulation results show that compared with the adjustable camera, the voltage recovery speed is faster when the same capacity ES is connected in the same place. For example, the voltage recovery speed of 110kV bus decreases from 2.42s to 1.69s, and the recovery speed is increased by 30.17%. And PCS of ES power station has enough short time (<1s) overload capacity, then the ES configuration capacity can be less than the camera capacity.
Detection Method of Power Saving Mode of Household Photovoltaic-Storage Integrated Power Supply
Authors: Yan Xiangwu , Bai Lin , Song Xinyi , Tian Ye , Yang Haohan , Gong Haifeng , Lei Jianhua
Published: June 2022

Nowadays, more importance has been attached to the energy consumption of household energy storage inverters. This paper proposes a design scheme of original-auxiliary dual power supply for household energy storage inverters, so that the inverter uses a large-capacity power supply when it is loaded with medium or large loads, and uses a small-capacity power supply when it is loaded with light loads or no load, and avoids large losses caused by the two-stage inverter when using a large-capacity power supply with a small load with the purpose of energy saving. The solution adopts a peak detection circuit on the AC power supply side, which can accurately detect the tiny current when the 1∼3W-load is connected, so as to accurately judge the access and exit of the load, so that the power supply can enter or exit the power saving mode of the small-capacity power supply in a timely and flexible manner. In this paper, the feasibility and rationality of the scheme are tested by simulation, and it is proved that the power saving effect of the scheme is remarkable.
Study on the impact properties of SA-738Gr.B welded by SMAW
Authors: Zhang Fayun , Wang Yan , Yang Chenggang
Published: June 2022

The impact property of SA-738Gr.B welding joint and the effect of post weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the impact property of welding joint were studied. The results show that the impact properties of the welded joint without PWHT can meet the requirements of the specification, the impact properties of the weld and heat affected zone reduced after PWHT, and the impact toughness of the weld decreases more, but all meet the requirements of the specification.
Stable and High-Performance Organ0ic Aqueous Dual-Ion Batteries with Polyaniline/CNTs Cathode
Authors: Guo Jun , Liu Wanqiang
Published: June 2022

Organic aqueous dual-ion batteries are accepted as the next-generation energy storage strategy for large-scale systems of energy storage to address the flammable and electrochemical stability problems that are encountered in lithium-ion batteries. However, conventional organic materials are restricted by high solubility in electrolytes during the process of discharging. Here, we present an integrated organic aqueous dual-ion battery that contains a stable, highly electrically conductive polymer as an effective cathode material for aqueous batteries. The battery has a capacity of 134 mAh g−1 and a cycle life of 700 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1.
Cause Analysis and Improvement Measures for Pipeline Cracking of 9Cr-1Mo Material
Authors: Xu Liang , Hu FengTao , Ma DongFang , Hou Shuang , Zhang ShuHao
Published: June 2022

The cracking reason of steam drainage pipe in a thermal power plant has been analyzed by means of alloy composition test, microstructure analysis and mechanical calculation. The results show that under the site layout and operation conditions, there were more water accumulated in the pipeline, the temperature of the pipeline decreased, and the movement of the drainage pipe was blocked by the floor, causing the stress of the drainage pipe socket exceeds the allowable value. The type IV creep crack was produced in the fine-grained zone of the heat affected zone of the pipe socket and the leakage failure occurred. The analysis clarifies the cause of cracking of steam drainage pipe and provides reference for avoiding similar cracks in 9Cr-1Mo materials.
Tuning the optical and electrical properties of HiPIMS-ITO films by variation of annealing temperature
Authors: Zhang Jin-Fa , Zhao Ming-Jie
Published: June 2022

High power impuls magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) deposits high quality films due to high ionization fraction. In this work, Indium tin oxide (ITO) films are deposited by HiPIMS methord. The effects of annealing temperature under nitrogen environment on the crystal structure, optical properties and electrical properties of ITO films were investigated. The properties of the films were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Hall measurement system (Hall), and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the average visible transmittance of the annealed ITO film reached 83.5%. The XRD results show that the ITO film grain size slightly increased after annealing. The mobility increases after annealing. This study proves that HiPIMS deposited ITO thin film is very superior to low temperature processing, and the grown thin film can be used in LEDs and solar cells.
LIDAR–camera deep fusion for end-to-end trajectory planning of autonomous vehicle
Authors: Zhang Yilin
Published: June 2022

Lidars and cameras are critical sensors which offer complementary information for scene perception and trajectory planning tasks in autonomous driving. In this work, we propose an attention-based framework to integrate representations of information from the two sensors and complete trajectory planning tasks using an end-to-end learning-based approach. To fuse 3D point cloud with RGB image in the same dimension, we also utilize a gradient transformation operation to convert point cloud into grey images. For the trajectory planning task, we use an auto-regressive network consisting of GRUs to predict future trajectory of ego-vehicle. The experiment results show that the proposed framework outperforms the models with single sensor input and the model without cross attention. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach in the CARLA driving simulator.