bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manifestations et violences à Longwy
Authors: Montlibert Christian de
Published: April 2022

La mobilisation collective et plus précisément, les mouvements de masse ont été peu étudiés dans la sociologie française récente. En étudiant les réactions des travailleurs de la sidérurgie française (à Longwy, ville sidérurgique du Nord-Est de la France) on constate que la mobilisation collective n'est pas un phénomène unitaire mais combine des situations différentes. Les grandes manifestations qui rassemblent des associations et des individus aux caractéristiques hétérogènes dépendent des capacités à mobiliser les ressources des organisations syndicales donc de militants capables de mettre en relation les groupements. Les manifestations brèves et violentes sont plus souvent le propre de jeunes peu contrôlés qui se livrent à des transgressions et à des destructions symboliques quasi magiques. Les «coups de main» et illégalisme multiples (occupations, blocages des voies ferrées, destruction de documents, de produits) rassemblent des individus attachés à une critique des comportements traditionnalistes (les manifestations rituelles) et bureaucratiques. La défense de «l'honneur» du groupement injurié par les forces de police par exemple peut aussi susciter des réactions collectives de violence. Enfin des manifestations de surenchère et de provocation peuvent être engendrées par la concurrence et les divisions entre les organisations syndicales et les groupes sociaux.
Mémoires d’Exil. Mémoires de la «Colonie» chez les mineurs polonais du Bassin Potassique d’Alsace
Authors: Raphaël Freddy , Herberich-Marx Geneviève
Published: April 2022

«Exile» as it remains engraved and how it is reshaped in the memories of the «Polish» Miners in the Alsatian Potassic Bassin Geneviève HERBERICH-MARX Freddy RAPHAËL

Roger CORNU quite rightly denounces the fact that many sociologists yield to the temptation of doing things too well. Therefore they eliminate concrete men and groups from their research work, in order to stage typified categories, struc¬ tures and functions. To our mind, one of the grea¬ test privileges a sociologist has, is that he can meet people, but we are well aware of the epis¬ temological limits of our undertaking. We have tried to understand the workings of the memory of three generations of Polish miners in the Alsa¬ tian Potassic Bassin. We have given up the use of a questionnaire, prefering lengthy talks, which enable us to make a study of individual and col¬ lective life stories. Trying to understand the life itinerary of a group does not solely consist in recording the picture the group has of this itinerary, today. According to R. CORNU, research work must be carried out on the specific situations which have conditioned this itinerary, as well as on the sequence of these situations, and on the corresponding actions. Being acquainted with the political, social and cultural background enables the sociologist to decipher the life story, which is a subjective reinterpretation of history, ensuing from present experience. The same events have left their mark on the various groups of the Polish community ; yet, depending on their former commitment, they often recall in a contrasting way the story of their exile.
Contribution à une sociologie de la question régionale : le rôle de la presse dans une mobilisation collective régionaliste
Authors: Montlibert Christian de
Published: April 2022

Contribution to the sociology of regional issues : The role of the press in eliciting public support for regional causes

This study is part of some research designed to provide an understanding of certain ways of mobilising the public. Here the author considers a specific subject : the way in which the presse sees public support for a particular cause : the defense of regional interests.

Local newspapers endeavour to be effective in mobilising the public by suggesting that they know what the future is likely to hold. To this end, they need to reconcile groups with rival interests. They succeed in doing so by highlighting shared regional characteristics.

This example shows what can be done with groups - changing people’s way of looking at things can be a step towards the transformation of society.
Les pratiques sociales de mobilisation collective
Authors: Montlibert Christian de
Published: April 2022

Social practice of collective mobilization.

Our aim is to study pamphlets and photographies as a means of mobilizing people, so as to understand how trade-unionist militants see a social group and the process they resort to, in order to rally this group in protest demonstrations. We notice, to begin with, that they try to construct a positive picture of this group, which can be called up, by supposing a common identity and an identification of each member with all the others. Then, they endeavour to damage their rival’s positive picture, and they also strive to enforce a feeling of indignation by dramatizing the probable future. Furthermode, the trade-union apparatus can only mobilize by proving that they «are» the whole group ; they must appoint themselves as the legitimate representatives of the group in order to win people’s trust. Lastly, this «claim-undertaking» works only if the militants are backed in their voluntary investments.

To sum up, it is a «practical view of social action which is expressed here and which shows to what extent the endeavours to constitute a mobilized group resort to social mechanics and to representations closely related to mythical thought, which express clearly the interests of the leaders of the activating authorities.
La politique urbaine et du logement de Jacques Peirotes, Député-Maire socialiste de Strasbourg
Authors: Jonas Stéphane
Published: April 2022

Die Stadt-und Wohnungs-politik von Jacques Peirotes, ein sozialistischer Abgeordneter und Bürgermeister von Straßburg

Jacques Peirotes (1869-1935), der sozialistische Abgeordnete und Bürgermeister von Straßburg zwischen 1919 und 1929, war auch der Gründer und Präsident des sogenannten Office Public d’Habitations à Bon Marché (HBM, 1922-1935), ein öffentliches Amt für Sozialwohnungen. Sein amtliches Leben und Werk befmden sich an guter Stelle in der Geschichte der gros-sen Behörden der Stadt Straßburg. Als eine wichtige öffentliche Personlichkeit zwischen den zwei Weltkriegen, setzte Jacques Peirotes die Verwirklichungen seiner Vorganger fort und wirkte gleichzeitig für Erneuerungen, was Stadtplanung und Sozialwohnungen betrifft. 1919 wurde er zuerst auf einer Verstàndigungsliste aller demokratischen politischen Parteien gewahlt. Bald wurde er, gleich Henri Sellier, ein wichtiger Vertreter der französischen Bewegung des Gemeinde-Sozialismus .
De la tête de cochon et de ses usages
Authors: Méchin Colette
Published: April 2022

Der Schweinekopf und seine be-niitzunge.

Der Schweinekopf besitzt, in den traditionellen Gesellschaften von Nord Europa, eine besondere Stelle, zuerst als hochgeschätzten Wurstwaren, aber auch, und noch mehr als Unterlage zur Kir-chengebrauch (HI Anton und HI Valentin). Man ist dann gespannt eine Verbindung zwischen diesen Gebraüchen und den Germanischen und Skandinavischen Mythologien zu machen.
Au cœur de l’Europe du risque
Authors: Grentzinger Dominique , Froehlicher Robert
Published: April 2022

At the heart of hazardous Europe : media and societal perception of an ecological disaster.

The fire in the Sandoz warehouses in Schweizerhalle (Basel) on November 1, 1986, caused a polluting of the Rhine of hitherto unknown magnitude. Given the particularly favorable overall context at the time, it was interesting to see how the press conveyed the information, how it was received by the public and, finally, what lessons the population learned from the incident.
Le Barabli de Germain Muller, un théâtre à la frontière
Authors: Cerf Eve
Published: April 2022

Germain Mullers Barabli, Theater an der Grenze.

Die Tragikomödie “Enfin... redde m’r nim devon” (“Also... reden wir nicht mehr dariiber”) von Germain Muller zeigt die Leiden der Elsàsser wàhrend des letzten Weltkrieges. Das Stück beginnt mit der lange herausgezogenen und bei weitem nicht abgeschlossenen Verarbeitung der Trauer über die in deutscher Uniform gestorbenen Elsàsser. Die Situationen, mit denen sie konfrontiert wurden, werden jedoch nicht gezeigt.

Die Kriegsende haben die Elsàsser aus freier Wahl und aus Notwendigkeit ganze Seiten ihrer Geschichte abgestempelt. Der Schatten, den die Politik auf die Er-innerung wir ft, zwang zur institutionel-len Ausradierung der Tatsachen. Auch wenn es untersagt ist, bestimmte Ge-schehnisse in Erinnerung zu rufen, so spricht Germain Muller, ohne jedoch dariiber zu sprechen. Seine Tragikomodie ersetzt die verbotene Erinnerung. Das Werk Gemain Mullers ist die Narbe un-aussprechbarer Ereignisse. Es gibt den Elsässern eine liickenlose Geschichte zurück, die sich auf die Darstellung der Kriegsereignisse und auf die Ausradierung des Unwiderruflichen stützt.
L’identité de la frontière. Un exemple en Alsace
Authors: Denis Marie-Noële
Published: April 2022

Die eigenheit der grenzvolker: ein Beispiel im Elsass.

Die Eigenheit der Völker im nördlichen Elsass wird teilweise bestimmt durch die einmalige Lage entlang einer uralten aber auch besonders konfliktreichen und regelmässig umstrittenen Grenze.

Diese, von den Menschen erdachte Linie bewirkt letzten Endes, dass auf der einen wie auf der anderen Seite nachbarschaftähnlichkeiten sowie kulturelle Unterschiede mit nationalem Hindergrund entstehen.

In der heutige Lage, angesichts der wirtschaftlichen Vorherrschaft Deutschlands wird diese grenzbedingte Eigenheit auf den Ebene der Eingilbung bestärkt, während sie in Wirklichkeit schon im Verschwinden ist.
Guides touristiques de Strasbourg et la frontière
Authors: Richez Jean-Claude
Published: April 2022

Die Grenzstadt. Zur Genealogie der Raumgestaltung und zur Topologie der Erinnerungsstatten.

Innerhalb eines Jahrhunderts, und zwar zwischen der Mitte des XIX. und der Mitte des XX. Jahrhunderts, wechselte Strassburg fünfmal die Staatsangehörigkeit. Anhand der Reihe von zwei berühmten Reiseführer-Sammlungen - dem deutschen Baedeker und dem französischen Joanne - haben wir versucht, die Entwicklung der Vorstellung von Strassburg als Grenzstadt zu schildern. Die Untersuchung lässt einen hundertjährigen Spaltungsprozess erscheinen, sowohl aus der Sicht des raumes, den sie prägt, als auch der Landschaft, die sie bildet, und der Geschichte. Die Vielfalt der Klischees trübt die Vorstellung der Stadt und lasst sie unsicher werden.
Humour et religion
Authors: Klein-Zolty Muriel
Published: April 2022

Humor und Religion.

Die jüdischen Städtchen (Stejtel) im Elsass und in Ost-Europa, wo das religiöse Leben vorherrschte, waren fruchtbare Stätten für das Entstehen humoristischer Erzählungen.

Diese Geschichten schildern und verspotten zugleich das religiöse Leben. Diese Verspottung enthält jedoch immer ein gewisses Einverständnis.

Auch wenn Humor und Religion sich widersprechen, ergänzen sie einander.

Guy Chouraqui
Figures de l’altérité. Le fou et l’immigré
Authors: Pfefferkorn Roland
Published: April 2022

Der Irre und der Ausländer als Erscheinungen des Andersseins.

In diesem Beitrag geht es darum, zwei ideal-typische Erscheinungen des Andersseins – den Irren und den Ausländer – einander vergleichend gegenüberzustellen. Geisteskranke, welche als Halbfreie in Familien untergebracht werden, bleiben am Rande der Gesellschaft, die sie aufnimmt. Wie der Ansteckungswahn im Dienste des Ausgeschlossenwerdens der Irren steht, so wird durch den Mythos der zu bewahrenden Reinheit die Integrität der leiblichen Körper und darüberhinaus des gesellschaftlichen Körpers aufrechterhalten. Ähnlich erhält der Ausländer, welcher gewöhnlich fremder Nationalität ist, seine ohnehin geringe Legitimität in der Gesellschaft einzig und allein aus der Arbeit. Er bleibt aber auch am Rande, vor allem weil er der politischen Rechte entbehrt, und ist schliesslich in dieser Welt des Ungleichseins der politisch und gesellschaftlich Beherrschte schlechthin.
Une culture de frontières entre l’Alsace et le Palatinat ? Etat cruel des lieux
Authors: Bloch-Raymond Anny , Ercker Alain
Published: April 2022

Grenzkultur ? Eine schmerzliche bestandsaufnahme

Eine Art anthropologische Unter-suchung der deutsch-französischen Grenze von 1871 bis in die heutige Zeit erlaubt es, sich Fragen zur Realität der Grenzkultur der beiden Lander zu stellen, insbesondere des Elsass und der Pfalz. Wenn in der Vergangenheit durch althergebrachte Praktiken kulturelle, sprachliche und wirt-schaftliche Bande zwischen den beiden Lander geknüpft wurden, stellt man in der Realität jedoch Verschiedenes fest : die Schwierigkeit, die dunklen Perioden in die Geschichte mit einzubeziehen, das Verblassen der Grenzkultur und die Gleichgültigkeit ihr gegenüber. Wenn weiterhin Kontakte aufgenommen werden, geschieht das meist auf wirtschaftlicher Ebene, das Kulturelle und Politische wird in den Hintergrund gedrângt. Und wenn die geopolitischen Grenzen schwinden, tau-chen andere, Mikrogrenzen, auf. Es braucht viel Zeit und einen stàrkeren Öffnung-swillen, damit echte Begegnungen Bestand des tâglichen Lebens werden.
Mémoires de migrants : le temps de la transition
Authors: Matas Juan , Pfefferkorn Roland
Published: April 2022

Aus der Erinnerung von “Migranten” : die Zeit des Übergangs

Der Artikel zeigt die ersten Ergebnisse einer Umfrage, die zwischen 1993 und 1996 bei Einwanderern durchgeführt wurde, die seit mindestens 15 Jahren im Elsaß leben. Anhand der Aussagen der Befragten stellen die Autoren dar, unter welchen Bedingungen und oft unter welchen Schwierigkeiten sich der Übergang von der Ausgangsgesellschaft in die neue Gesellschaft des Einwanderungslandes vollzogen hat. Dieses Überwechseln von der einen in die andere Gesellschaft geht nich ohne Riß vonstatten, zumal das Leben - auf Dauer gesehen - seinen Gang geht, und die Aussicht auf eine Rückkehr allmählich schwindet. Die Heirat und vor allem die Geburt von Kindern, die in derneuen Gesellschaft aufwachsen, spielen dabei eine wesentliche Rolle. Die geführten Gespräche haben auch ermöglicht, die Art der Beziehungen näher zu bestimmen, die die Einwanderer mit ihren Landsleuten gleichen Ursprungs und mit ihrem Heimatland unterhalten. Die Auswertung der gesammelten Aussagen hebt schließlich die Veränderungen auf der Vorstellungsebene während der Zeit des Übergangs hervor : tatsächlich wird der zunächst vorrübergehende Aufenthalt immer definitiver, bis er mehr oder weniger als endgültig angesehen wird.
Les étrangers dans la population française depuis la première guerre mondiale
Authors: Denis Marie-Noële
Published: April 2022

Foreigners in France since the first world war

Unlike other European countries, France has become quite early a land of immigration and the number of foreigners will constantly increase during the twentieth century, together with industrial development. Despite the economical crisis and the ban on the immigration of workers since 1974, immigrants represent 7,4 % of the population in 1982 and 7,3 % in 1990, a rate never reached since the middle of the 19th century. This increase in numbers goes together with a geographical development. The foreigners living in France first were Belgians, Italians, Germans, Swiss, then Poles and Spaniards. Today they are Portuguese, Algerians, Maroccans and Asians. They mostly live around Paris and Lyon, and in Lorraine.

In 1984, a new immigration, a family one appeared, the only legal one. Assimilation has become easier for foreigners, but there is a problem of employment brought about by a younger workforce and a feminine one. Indeed, the increase of unemployment affects more foreigners than nationals and itensifies xenophobic reactions.
Mulhouse, une ville industrielle. Vers de nouvelles formes de citoyenneté et d’urbanité
Authors: Jonas Stéphane
Published: April 2022

Mulhouse : an Industrial city, new uses of citizen ship and urbanity

This paper deals with the making of the political space of the town of Mulhouse, its second industrial take off and the changes in its urban space, that occurred during the first two decades after Mulhouse opted for France in 1798. The Société Industrielle de Mulhouse and the Town Council are celebrating that 200th Anniversary.

Mulhouse had to that date been a small calvinist state-town allied to the Swiss Countries.
Identités meurtries : les changements de noms des Arméniens
Authors: Lapierre Nicole
Published: April 2022

Wounded identities :

Name changes of Armenians

Genocide and exile have tragically left their marks on the fate of the Armenians, even on their names. The survivors of the 1915 slaughters who remained in Turkey were forced to ”turkify” their surnames in 1934, at the time when the country’s civil status was being established ; this authoritarian measure was meant to put the finishing touches to the totalitarian initiative to destroy men and identities. Some of those Armenians - or their children - who came to France preferred to ”frenchify” those mutilated names which they did not want to pass on. More recently, in the second generation, people with Armenian names changed them into French ones.
Le nom des langues, un ambassadeur aveugle, ignorant de ses missions
Authors: Tabouret-Keller Andrée
Published: April 2022

The name of a language : a blind ambassador, ignorant of his missions.

Honoured or held in contempt, the name of a language fulfills a pivotal function. The main symbol of multiple realities (linguistic, historical, political), as a pure name, or signifiant, it is also quite ready to serve as a medium and terrain for affects for which it is not destined to be the vehicle. Love, hatred, contempt ; the name of a language is entrenched in with what has been said in that language, but also with the people who speak it, those who spoke it before, or even those who will speak it in the future. No matter whether we prefer to ignore them or seek their company. After taking a close look at the people who are the name-givers, this text presents the example of the terms “creole”, “mother tongue”, “standard”, the linguistic realities they name and the representations they bear.
Comment les sciences sociales construisent-elles le savoir ?
Authors: Rudolf Florence
Published: April 2022

Das Wissen in der Modernität oder : Wie ist Wissen und Nicht-Wissen zu behandeln ?

In den Analysen unserer Zeit wird unser Wissen in Frage gestellt, ganz gleich, ob es sich um unsere Kenntnisse der Modernität oder das Wissen im allgemeinen handelt. Dies bedeutet gleichzeitig, den Zweifel und das Nicht-Wissen in unser Wissen wieder-einzuführen. Der Begriff der Praxis schwingt bei dieser Infragestellung mit, einmal, weil er die Beziehung zwischen der Welt und ihrer Bedeutung aufdeckt, und zum andern, weil er eine Kombinierung von Wissen und Nicht-Wissen suggeriert. Die Überlegungen von P. Bourdieu, H.-P. Jeudy, I. Stengers und P. Watier über das Paar "Wissen und Nicht-Wissen" erlauben uns, verschiedene Gesichtspunkte herauszukristallisieren, die den Begriff "Praxis" in gewisser Weise erhellen. Der erste versucht, die Allwissenheit zu definieren und verfolgt damit den Traum der modernen Wissenschaften. Der zweite wendet sich eher der Klangwirkung als dem eigentlichen Wissen selbst zu. Der dritte will die Demokratie einsetzen, um die wissenschaftlichen Kenntnisse unter Beweis zu stellen und deren Fehler zu bekämpfen. Der letzte schließlich geht von einer besonderen Verbindung zwischen Wissen und Nicht-Wissen aus, die eine neues Weltbild schaffen könnte.
Du bon usage de la civilité. Une relecture des travaux de Norbert Elias
Authors: Raphaël Freddy , Herberich-Marx Geneviève
Published: April 2022

Good use of civility Reading again Norbert Elias' work.

Resuming the work of Alain Garrigou and Bernard Lacroix on Norbert Elias, the article aims at comparing the Norbert Elias’ categories and analyses to the questioning of a century that was twice marked by extreme decivilization. Following a bit further the course of his thought, we can affirm that living in the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st we became grievously aware of how fragile is the process of civilization. This process is neither irreversible nor unchanging, it does not indicate all the components of a society. Violence both physical and symbolic, registered in everyday banality, covered or expressed or even halted via murderous ideologies, always continues to find new legitimization.
Le faux débat intérêt privé/intérêt public autour des associations environnementales revendicatives
Authors: Waldvogel Carole
Published: April 2022

While the debate on defending private/public interests regarding defence associations stems from a political background, from the sociological point of view, everything demonstrates that these associations are situated between two extremes. They defend a “collective” interest, the definition of which depends on the power struggles between subgroups within the association. This phenomenon is particularly apparent when people are rallied around environmental issues. At the same time, thanks to the semantic haze surround the notion of the environment, everything occurs as if the militants, according to their social profile and more specifically their background and relation with Nature, automatically drift to one type of association rather than another. Hence a differentiation between the collective environmental interests they defend.
Les statues de l’Université impériale de Strasbourg et la pédagogie du pangermanisme
Authors: Denis Marie-Noële
Published: April 2022

Statues of the Imperial University of Strasbourg and the teachings of Pan-Germanism

In 1871, the architectural conception of Strasburg’s new university, and its sculptured decoration, used to depend on imperial politics. However, University did not adhere in an unconditional way, to the forced integration of Alsace in the German Empire. As it could soften decisions concerning the exterior sculptures (those of the interior of the building were more influenced by politics), it could impose the triumph of humanist and nationalist thoughts (where the spiritual values mattered more than power representations) against the official art of the 2nd Reich. But teachers, who were widely responsible for some choices, had excited without any chauvinism, Protestantism and Prussia’s, Germany and Pangermanist Europe’s literary and scientific glories. Most of these sculptures implicitly show the problem of connexion between art and power, and its acceptance by concerned populations - like Alsatians -and the problem their effectiveness in terms of propaganda.
Entre guerre et paix : le terrorisme
Authors: Hintermeyer Pascal
Published: April 2022

Terrorism – between War and Peace.

The current development of terrorist activities often leads us to present them as acts of war and to combat them by making war on them. By returning to the evolution of war and the relation it has with terrorism, the author proposes that we should consider terrorism as a phenomenon in its own right, which combines sacrificial resources and recent technologies and stems both from archaic and hyper-modern dimensions. The articles highlights the troubles caused in social life by terrorist activities and specifies the logic which can lead people to turn to terrorism.
Les mutations de l'organisation militaire à l'ère de la guerre numérique
Authors: Schmoll Patrick
Published: April 2022

Changes in military organisation in the era of digital war.

This article attempts to predict the transformations in organising the armed forces and the conception of war itself based on an observation of present and future military applications, whose development is currently guided by new technologies. The stakeholders concerned necessarily think that digitalisation will increase the action potential of armies by making the units more rapid and more powerful. This is the instrumental reasoning which only takes into account the additional means that techniques give to the in-field operator or the overall organisation to reach their objectives. And yet individuals and groups are themselves transformed by the techniques that they employ. This article explores the mediological effects and in particular the concertinaing of networked information and communication systems with an organisation whose structure is traditionally hierarchical.
Les monuments aux morts de la guerre de 1870 en Alsace
Authors: Denis Marie-Noële
Published: April 2022

Memorials to the dead of the 1870 war in Alsace.

The catastrophic conflict between France and Germany in 1870 marked the first demonstration of commemorating soldiers who died for their country. The French government’s project to give the main town in each district a monument as a memorial to the war heroes was not followed up. However, a number of projects came to light in the towns on the initiative of French Remembrance. Alsace was a completely different case since it was annexed to the German Empire at the time. However, a number of monuments, both French and German, were constructed on the battle sites themselves. The overall architecture is inspired by the most traditional forms of funeral monuments – obelisks, columns, steles, pyramids and standing stones. They are decorated in a patriotic and military fashion. A number of these witnesses to the past have been destroyed – the German ones in 1918-1919, and the French ones during Nazi occupation. Now mostly restored and rebuilt, they have generated a remembrance tourist attraction. Prior to the great project of building memorials to the dead of the Great War of 1914-1918, they constituted the first step towards commemorating soldiers who died for their fatherland.
La tentation de la fiction
Authors: Lapierre Nicole
Published: April 2022

Nicole Lapierre. Die Versuchung der Dichtung

Seit ihrer Begründung misstraut die Soziologie der Literatur und klagt die Verlockungen der Dichtung an, die sich nicht an genaue Darlegungen und Argumentationen hält, obwohl man neuerlich auch anerkennt, dass zu jedem Text fiktionale Elemente gehören. Aber die Literatur stellt auch eine Ressource für die Sozialwissenschaften dar, da Erzählungen, Romane und Mythen der Analyse reichliches und aussagefähiges Material bieten. Schließlich erlagen bekannte Soziologen und Ethnologen wie Georg Simmel, Gabriel Tarde oder Arnold Van Gennep der Versuchung der Dichtung, indem sie Geschichten und Welten erfanden, um eine Debatte um Ideen oder eine Vision der Gesellschaft auszudrücken.
La vidéosurveillance : une technologie inédite de gestion des risques urbains
Authors: Ory Murielle
Published: April 2022

Muriel Ory

La vidéosurveillance : une technologie inédite de gestion des risques urbains ?

Depuis les années 1970 en France, l’usage de la vidéosurveillance est au service de la gestion de la sécurité en milieu urbain. Instrument principalement dissuasif, la caméra est l’élément d’un dispositif disciplinaire, au sens où l’entend Michel Foucault, fondé sur le schème être vu sans voir. Elle vise en effet, à travers sa propre visibilité, l’intériorisation par les acteurs surveillés de la surveillance et de la contrainte qu’elle véhicule. Cependant, la surveillance à distance ne peut se réduire au modèle panoptique. Elle constitue un matériel ergonomique qui facilite d’une part le déplacement du regard du surveillant à travers l’espace capté et, d’autre part, elle permet l’enregistrement et le stockage pour un temps indéfini des comportements filmés. L’apparition de la vidéosurveillance dans les espaces publics et les établissements privés ouverts au public intervient dans un contexte de «désinstitutionalisation» du contrôle social. La caméra rend compte en effet de la généralisation à toutes sortes d’espaces ouverts de la fonction générale voir sans jamais être vu jusque là réservée aux milieux d’enfermement.
Le sujet est-il soluble dans la clinique ? Perplexité de l’expertise psychologique dans un processus de décision éthique : les réponses aux demandes d’IMG
Authors: Merg-Essadi Dominique , Schmoll Patrick
Published: April 2022

Is the individual solvable in clinical practice ? The perplexity of psychological expertise in an ethical decision-making process : answers to requests for the termination of pregnancy for medical reasons.

Clinical practice is defined at the outset as observation, i. e. an organised structure of watching, as defined by Michel Foucault. Individuals express themselves through the symptoms they bring to light. The observer therefore needs to ask whether they show the same ones to everyone or give a preferential display in the frame of observation, or if they show other symptoms elsewhere, or again, whether they show some symptoms, but choose or are forced to hide others and finally whether it is not the observation itself and the device built up by this structured watching that leads to the symptom being displayed. Today, individual and collective behaviours in terms of self-exposure are on the increase (on the Internet, in pornography, reality TV etc.), which a clinical eye could continue to consider as pathological, although the widespread development of the situations and their media coverage turn them into a normal phenomenon in that a very high number of people experience them and accept them as such. Individuals structure themselves more and more under the watching eyes of others. They seem to need this spec(tac) ular apparatus to reassure themselves of their own substance. This article explores the issue of the individual’s substance as raised in a system of expertise : the system of decision-making in terms of terminating pregnancy for medical reasons, based on a “clinical case” for which the breakingdown process has been very revealing in this respect.
La fascination des sens par la marchandise, entre anesthésie et hyperesthésie. Sur l’une des acceptions de l’esthétique chez Simmel
Authors: Portioli Claudia
Published: April 2022

Dans quelle mesure est-il possible d’expliquer l’attrait extérieur des objets, de la marchandise et des produits de consommation, sur les sens et sur l’imagination des individus ? De quelle façon les sollicitations esthétiques (dans le double sens qui renvoie, d’un côté, à la perception sensible et, de l’autre, au caractère de «beauté» des traits formels) qu’ils exercent, dans les nouveaux contextes d’exposition de la vie moderne dont nous parle Simmel, arrivent-elles à conditionner et à transformer jusqu’aux modalités de percevoir et de s’approcher des oeuvres d’art ? En ouvrant une perspective qui dépasse la lecture du caractère fétichiste de la marchandise décrit par Marx, Simmel nous donne une interprétation des dynamiques psychiques et socio-économique, qui éclaire le phénomène de la fascination des sens par la forme extérieure et par la mise en scène des objets.
Enfants non désirés et désirs des enfants. Les enjeux de la recomposition familiale lus à travers le repas
Authors: Mathiot Louis
Published: April 2022

Ce travail s’intéresse à la place de l’enfant dans la recomposition familiale actuelle. A partir d’une enquête ethnographique sur les pratiques alimentaires des adolescents, débutée en 2005, nous utiliserons le repas comme l’observatoire des métamorphoses de la famille. Comment la reconstruction d’un foyer redistribue-t-elle la place des acteurs ? Cette redistribution questionne-t-elle la notion de désir entre les adultes et les enfants ? Nous remarquerons que des enjeux nouveaux apparaissent autour du désir des enfants et de leurs places comme «sujets désirés » . Ces enjeux s’observent notamment dans la problématique nouvelle du don et de la dette qui refonde inévitablement le repas. Si dans certaines familles, il représente un haut lieu d’union et de partage, dans d’autres, il révèle la difficulté des échanges intrafamiliaux et catalyse certains conflits liés à la recomposition.
La figure de l’étranger dans les mondes syndicaux. Quelques réflexions à partir des espaces frontaliers
Authors: Hamman Philippe
Published: April 2022

The foreigner in the world of trade unions. Some thoughts based on border areas

The way in which trade unions integrate foreign workers has not been studied in depth and often represents a blind spot in terms of the focus of social movements on the one hand, and approaches to migration and how they are handled by public action on the other hand. This text ponders the issue taking into account the border areas in Europe based on north-east France. These unique economic areas carry an identity and political dimension which are currently becoming denser, based on cross-border migrations for work purposes and the transnational social relations that are formed on both sides of the border. In these semi-institutionalised areas, we look in particular at the itineraries of trade union workers in charge of crossborder issues, who appear as stakeholder intermediaries with mixed characteristics. The issue of language fluency and intercultural practice is particularly pertinent when encountering the other in terms of the dialectics of near and far as introduced by Georg Simmel around the figure of the foreigner, incarnated by this pendulum migrant, the crossborder worker, between foreignness and strangeness.
Les droits des étrangers et les nouveaux gardes-frontière
Authors: Fichet Brigitte
Published: April 2022

The right of foreigners and the new border guards

The fight against legal or illegal immigration is not just a matter for the police, the border police, consulates and prefectures. It also sweeps along in its current an ever-increasing number of professions where immigration is not the primary concern : carriers, registrars, employers, agents working for job centres etc. What constraints are they under ? What are the resulting changes in their professional practice ? Can they stand as guarantors of foreigners’ rights ?
Mobilisations électorales d’extrême droite et violences politiques en Allemagne
Authors: Backes Uwe
Published: April 2022

Uwe Backes.

Mobilisations électorales d’extrême droite et violences politiques en Allemagne.

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude, menée dans le cadre d’une coopération entre le Bundeskriminalamt / Bureau fédéral de police criminelle et l’institut Hannah Arendt de Dresde. Au cœur du propos, on trouve une analyse des rapports existant entre les succès électoraux des partis d'extrême-droite et la dynamique des violences politiques. Parmi les questions posées : Dans quelle mesure un succès électoral encourage t-il certaines personnes à la violence ? Est ce que les camaraderies néonazies jouent un rôle décisif dans ce processus ? Les principaux auteurs de violences se recrutent-ils dans les sous-cultures rassemblant de jeunes xénophobes ? Les militants antifascistes de gauche sont-ils à l’origine d’une dynamique d’interaction d’envergure ?
Images de foi, images de soi. Sociologie visuelle d'un rassemblement pontifical
Authors: Blanc Mathias
Published: April 2022

Comment les paroissiens catholiques communiquent-ils sur leur pratique religieuse ? Le rassemblement pontifical de Fribourg-en-Brisgau en septembre 2011 présentait une occasion de suivre des fidèles et d’analyser les images qu’ils effectuaient lors de l’événement. Le caractère extraordinaire de la situation mêlé au temps ordinaire de la messe célébrée autorise la réalisation de photographies qui deviennent les traces d’une expérience communicable auprès de ses proches. La persistance de genres communicationnels liés à une stratification sociale extérieure à la paroisse alimente la thèse de la médiatisation du religieux qui traverse actuellement la sociologie allemande des religions.
The Prevalence of Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders Among HIV-infected Patients in a Population From the South of Iran
Authors: Davoodian Parivash , Nourozian Marzieh , AtashAbParvar Ali , Zoghi Ghazal , Ghasemi Mahsa , Kheirandish Masoumeh
Published: April 2022

Background: Since the beginning of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic, the number of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has shown a steady increase. Previous evidence exists regarding the evaluation of endocrine dysfunction in HIV-infected individuals. The present study sought to investigate the prevalence of metabolic and endocrine disorders in HIV-positive patients. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 72 HIV-positive patients supported by the Behavioral Diseases Center of Bandar Abbas, Iran were recruited from April, 2016 to September, 2017. Patients who did not consent to participate were excluded from the study. Several parameters were measured, including serum free T3, free T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), free testosterone, cortisol, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and low- and high-density lipoprotein levels. Finally, data were analyzed using chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: High serum lipoprotein levels, diabetes, and prediabetes were observed in 28/72 (38.9%), 13/72 (18.1%), and 17/72 (23.6%) patients, respectively. The prevalence of overt hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism, as well as overt hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism was 32.8% (22/67), 9% (6/67), 1.5% (1/67), and 7.5% (5/67), respectively. Primary and secondary gonadal dysfunction were found in 1/47 (2.1%) and 9/47 (19.1%) patients, respectively. Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency were detected in 8/53 (15.1%) and 1/53 (1.9%) patients, respectively. Diabetes was significantly more frequent among older patients and those with a history of addiction. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated a relatively high frequency of metabolic and endocrine disorders, especially dyslipidemia and hypothyroidism in HIV-positive patients.
Cytokines in Schizophrenia: Predisposing Factors and Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Azmand Mohammad Javad , Divanbeigi Reza , Hajati Pirabas Marziyeh
Published: April 2022

Schizophrenia is a multifactorial disease that may be triggered by environmental disorders, mental stress, or physical illness in a person who is genetically predisposed to it. Recent research has extremely evaluated the role of inflammatory cytokines in schizophrenia. The current study attempted to find any association between cytokines and schizophrenia. This narrative study was conducted through a literature review in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases using keywords related to schizophrenia and cytokines without any time limitation. This review focused on discussing the relationship between various symptoms of disease and cytokine levels. Environmental factors such as embryonical infections were found to be associated with alternations in mothers’ blood cytokines and further effects on schizophrenia probability in children. Heritable factors including disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) and neuregulin 1 (NRG1) genes were shown to be linked with immunological responses, as well as Toll-like receptors or AKT1/p13k activation and following alternations in the cytokine profile. Based on the findings, the cytokines and inflammatory responses of the body were reported to be involved in many psychological disorders and schizophrenia. Various interleukins (ILs), as well as IL-6, IL-8, and IL-2R are known to be associated with the severity of schizophrenia symptoms. Although various data exist regarding different cytokines and their association with schizophrenia, no study has so far formulated research fields on specific types of cytokines that have the potential to be further studied for therapeutic hope.
Review of Alloy Containing Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles on X-Ray Absorption in Radiology Shields
Authors: Zare Omid , Afzalipour Reza , Golvardi  Yazdi Mohammad Sadegh
Published: April 2022

Background: Managing potential risks that can threaten the health of medical staff including risks associated with treatment tools and equipment has always played an important role in the healthcare systems. This study aimed to investigate the documentation on the effect of nanoparticle shields on the absorption of hazardous radiation in radiology, and specifically alloy containing bismuth oxide )Bi2O3) nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: Several databases including ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Magiran were searched to collect the required documents. The articles were selected based on the year of publication and their relationship with the subject and objectives. Results: Studies confirm the effectiveness of bismuth oxide nanoparticles in order to protect against radiation in different types of radiological shields. These findings show the relationship between different parameters of nanoparticles and their effect on radiation absorption, such as the size of nanoparticles, used kilovoltage peak )kVp), thickness of shields, density of nanoparticles, as well as different methods of using these particles in different types of radiological shields. Conclusion: Bismuth oxide nanoparticles have a significant effect on the absorption of X-rays in radiology. Using these particles results in lighter shields with lower cost and lead content. In particular, bismuth oxide nanoparticles are very efficient at absorbing radiation and reducing the cost of production for shields.
Coronavirus Disease 19 with Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Hassani Azad Mehdi , Samimagham HamidReza , Ramezanian Nick Ehsan , Marashi Mahdis , Hooshyar Dariush , Bazram Ali , KazemiJahromi Mitra
Published: April 2022

Background: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) can cause many radiological manifestations on chest computed tomography (CT) scans. However, the occurrence of pneumomediastinum is rare in these patients. Accordingly, this study represents the rare cases encountered during the COVID-19 epidemic. Case Presentation: This study focuses on describing three patients who attended our medical center during the COVID-19 epidemic showing pneumomediastinum on chest CT scans. Patients’ COVID-19 was confirmed after positive polymerase chain reaction tests. Finally, two of them were expired despite the efforts of the medical team. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study suggest the occurrence of pneumomediastinum on the CT scans of patients as a possible finding of COVID-19.
Cyber Security in Smart Grid Technology: A systematic Review
Authors: Alfiah Fifit , Prastiwi Novi Rifkhah
Published: April 2022

A Smart Grid (SG) is an electrical infrastructure that functions similarly to a traditional power grid but includes scalable and ubiquitous two-way communications, timely control capabilities, large-scale integration of dispersed resources, and resource efficiency. Pervasive smart monitoring technologies, autonomous equipment defect detecting, and self-healing are all included in the SG. It is intelligent infrastructure because of features such as 'Wireless Automatic Meter Reading' (WAMR), power system stability monitoring, distributed energy resource optimization, and Demand Response system applications. Given some of these distinguishing characteristics, SGs are without a doubt the world's future power infrastructure. A smart grid may link millions of people and devices in a network, necessitating its robustness, reliability, and security. Because of the long-range communication over open networks, one of the primary issues of today's smart grid systems is security. Cybercriminals, hackers, and terrorists are attempting to assault this national infrastructure in order to obtain control over automated energy monitoring and remote control for personal benefit. This research article provides a full overview of Smart Grids, including their design, methodology, and communication protocols, but the attention is mostly on the cyber-attacks that have been carried out and the remedies that have been advised for smart grids. Finally, we cover the numerous cyber security difficulties, as well as the topics that remain unsolved in the literature and the present solution area, as well as prospective research gaps.
Implementation of Authentication Systems on Hotspot Network Users to Improve Computer Network Security
Authors: Dolan Ellen , Widayanti Riya
Published: April 2022

Because of the growing number of apps that use client servers, both desktop and WEB applications, each user must learn a large number of user ids and passwords, because each application requires authentication in order to use it for security reasons. Furthermore, the development of network media, both wired and wireless, is accelerating. In the scenarios stated above, RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) technology is required since the RADIUS approach allows a user to utilize a single user id to access several applications, both desktop and web-based. The RADIUS protocol may be used with both wired and wireless media.
Revisión bibliográfica: La Cultura Organizacional de las Instituciones de Educación Superior
Authors: Saiz Sáenz Martha , Jácome Rosmira
Published: April 2022

El presente artículo está desarrollado bajo una revisión bibliográfica consultando 20 artículos en las diferentes bases de datos referidos en la web, tiene por objetivo determinar los elementos de mayor relevancia en la cultura organizacional (CO) de las instituciones de Educación Superior (IES), ya que estas contribuyen en gran medida al desarrollo social, económico y cultural de una región, y a fortalecer la calidad en los procesos educativos, de igual manera se concluye que IES deben apropiarse de la cultura organizacional con el fin de poder explorar las costumbres, conocimientos y aspectos propios de cada comunidad que son útiles para brindar una educación con altos estándares de calidad.
Conceptualizando los festivales enológicos en el Nuevo Mundo del Vino. Una mirada a las fiestas de la vendimia en México
Authors: Thomé Ortiz Humberto
Published: April 2022

El vino cuenta con un estatus de objeto cultural, cuya inmersión alrededor del mundo implica procesos de apropiación territorial con diversos significados. El enfoque del Nuevo Mundo del Vino se ha centrado en las variaciones tecnológicas y organizativas que caracterizan a las regiones enológicas emergentes, soslayando su análisis sociocultural. Al respecto, consideramos que las fiestas de la vendimia son espacios privilegiados para analizar las dinámicas socioeconómicas en estos escenarios emergentes de producción vitivinícola. Con la finalidad de desarrollar un modelo conceptual, fueron estudiadas once fiestas de la vendimia en siete regiones vitivinícolas de México, en las cuales se observó la naturaleza económica y cultural de las fiestas de la vendimia, cuyas implicaciones debaten entre el potencial creativo del territorio y los mecanismos de apropiación de sus recursos. La expresión popular de las identidades se opone a la escenificación elitizada, encerrada en las bodegas y dirigida al turista de clase media. Las fiestas de la vendimia en México son fenómenos ambivalentes donde que instauran nuevas hegemonías territoriales, resignifican las identidades y reinterpretan los recursos territoriales en un diálogo entre lo local y lo global.