bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO, L. 1758) FROM AQUACULTURE AND OPEN WATERS IN MACEDONIA
Authors: Blazhekovikj - Dimovska Dijana , Ahmed Sibel
Published: October 2021

Seasonal variations (spring and autumn) of the fatty acid composition of common carp from aquaculture (cyprinid - warm water fish farm) and open waters (Prespa Lake) from Macedonia were examined. Aquaculture carp contain almost similar saturated fatty acid (SFA) content (25.95% - spring and 30.77% - autumn) compared to open water carp (25.84% - spring and 31.91% - autumn). Palmitic acid was the major SFA in both aquaculture and open water carp. Regarding monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content, it is significantly higher in both seasons in aquaculture (63.27% - spring; 59.85% - autumn) compared to open water carp (48.11% - spring; 54.12% - autumn). Oleic acid was identified as the major MUFA. In both seasons, the value of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) is significantly higher in open water (26.17% - spring; 13.97% - autumn) compared to aquaculture carp (10.90% - spring; 9.39% - autumn).
The most optimal results in terms of nutritional value of fish meat were found in open water carp, in the spring, due to high PUFA content, especially linoleic (n-6), as well as EPA and DHA (n-3) fatty acids. This is the result of diet, because carp consumes phyto and zooplankton from the lake's benthos, which are especially rich in essential fatty acids.
IMPACT OF CADMIUM TOXICITY ON LEAF AREA AND STOMATAL CHARACTERISTICS IN FABA BEAN
Authors: Piršelová Beata , Kubová Veronika , Boleček Peter , Hegedűsová Alžbeta
Published: October 2021

Although changes in stomatal response to elevated doses of cadmium has already been observed in several plants, few studies have focused on this phenomenon in more detail. The effects of different doses of cadmium Cd2+ (50 and 100 mg.kg-1 soil) on leaf area and stomatal characteristics (number of stomata, number of epidermal cells, stomatal index and size of stomata) of faba bean (Vicia faba L. cultivar Aštar) were studied after 15 days of heavy metal treatment. No visual changes on adaxial or abaxial side of leaves of the tested variety of faba bean were found. The leaf area was higher by 14.15 % at lower and by 12.23 % at the higher doses of Cd. The tested doses of Cd did not lead to a change in the number of stomata. The number of epidermal cells was increased on adaxial side by 4.98 % at dose Cd50. Stomatal index was decreased due to the effect of higher dose of cadmium by 11.38 % on adaxial side of leaves. In stomatal widths, decrease by 2.04 % (adaxial side) and 2.26 % (abaxial side) was observed at higher doses of Cd. In stomatal length decrease by 1.85 % was observed at higher dose of Cd on adaxial and decrease by 3.89 % (Cd50) and 4.63 % (Cd100) on abaxial side of leaves respectively. The variations of response could be signals of tolerance or adaptive mechanisms of the leaves of tested bean cultivar under the used concentrations of cadmium.
IMPACT OF THE GLOBAL REGULATOR SARA ON TOXINS PRODUCTION IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Authors: El-Baz Eman , Elgaml Abdelaziz , Barwa Rasha
Published: October 2021

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a Gram-positive bacterium that is responsible for many infectious diseases in human, some of which may be fatal. The regulation of toxins production and virulence factors in this pathogen is controlled by many global regulators including the staphylococcal accessory regulator, SarA. In this study, we outlined the influence of SarA on toxins production in S. aureus. The expression of genes encoding toxins was measured using real-time PCR and toxins production was quantitatively assayed. Gene expression and quantitative toxins production were compared in three staphylococcal strains; UAMS-1 wild type clinical strain, its sarA mutant strain and a revertant strain. Genes encoding for proteases (including sspA, aur, scpA and sspB), genes encoding for hyaluronidases (including hysA1 and hysA2) and gene encoding for staphylokinase (sak) were upregulated in response to the sarA mutation. On contrary, genes encoding for lipases (including lip1 and lip2) were downregulated. Moreover, the quantitative production of protease, hyaluronidase and staphylokinase was significantly increased due to the sarA mutation. On the other hand, the quantitative production of lipase was significantly altered. Overall, our findings indicate that SarA is an effective global regulator of toxins production that can suggest new prospective therapeutics for the treatment of S. aureus infections.
The Role of Mental Stress in Ischaemia with No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease and Coronary Vasomotor Disorders
Authors: van der Meer Roos ET , Maas Angela HEM
Published: October 2021

Ischaemic heart disease has been estimated to affect 126.5 million people globally. Approximately 70% of patients with angina and suspected myocardial ischaemia show no signs of obstructed coronary arteries after coronary angiography, but may still demonstrate ischaemia. Ischaemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) is increasingly acknowledged as a serious condition because of its association with poor quality of life and elevated risk for cardiovascular events. The negative effects of psychological stress on INOCA are gaining more attention. Psychological stress is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes such as mental stress-induced myocardial ischaemia. Psychological stress includes anxiety, depression, anger and personality disturbances. Coronary microvascular dysfunction and coronary arterial spasm are phenotypes of coronary vasomotor disorders that are triggered by psychological distress and depression, thereby increasing cardiovascular disease risk. Coronary vasomotor disorders are often co-existent in INOCA patients and might be considered as a contributing factor to mental stress-associated adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Additionally, psychological stress induces endothelial dysfunction more often in (young) women with INOCA than in men. Overall, many studies demonstrate an association between mental stress, coronary microvascular dysfunction and coronary vasospasm in patients with INOCA – especially women. Future research on stress-reducing therapies that target coronary vasomotor disorders in patients with INOCA is needed. This is particularly the case in young adolescents, in whom this type of ischaemic heart disease is increasing.
Factors Influencing Stent Failure in Chronic Total Occlusion Coronary Intervention
Authors: Mahadevan Kalaivani , Cosgrove Claudia , Strange Julian W
Published: October 2021

Stent failure remains one of the greatest challenges for interventional cardiologists. Despite the evolution to superior second- and third-generation drug-eluting stent designs, increasing use of intracoronary imaging and the adoption of more potent antiplatelet regimens, registries continue to demonstrate a prevalence of stent failure or target lesion revascularisation of 15–20%. Predisposition to stent failure is consistent across both chronic total occlusion (CTO) and non-CTO populations and includes patient-, lesion- and procedure-related factors. However, histological and pathophysiological properties specific to CTOs, alongside complex strategies to treat these lesions, may potentially render percutaneous coronary interventions in this cohort more vulnerable to failure. Prevention requires recognition and mitigation of the precipitants of stent failure, optimisation of interventional techniques, including image-guided precision percutaneous coronary intervention, and aggressive modification of a patient’s cardiovascular risk factors. Management of stent failure in the CTO population is technically challenging and itself begets recurrence. We aim to provide a comprehensive review of factors influencing stent failure in the CTO population and strategies to attenuate these.
Lirio acuático (Eichhornia crassipes): una revisión
Authors: Rodríguez-Lara Jessica Wendolin , Cervantes-Ortiz Francisco , Arambula-Villa Gerónimo , Mariscal-Amaro Luis Antonio , Aguirre-Mancilla Cesar Leobardo , Andrio-Enríquez Enrique
Published: October 2021

Introducción. El lirio acuático (Eichhornia crassipes) es una planta hidrófita libre flotante de la familia Pontederiaceae. Es una de las plantas acuáticas con mejor reproducción y tasa de crecimiento, por lo cual se extiende y forma tapetes o esteras que constriñen a las plantas nativas sumergidas y flotantes, disminuye la entrada de luz en los cuerpos de agua y disminuye el oxígeno disuelto en el agua. Objetivo. Realizar una revisión bibliográfica del lirio acuático que permita a la comunidad científica una mejor comprensión de una especie invasora, así como los efectos que provoca en el ecosistema. Desarrollo. La capacidad invasiva de esta planta pone en peligro diversos ecosistemas, ya que aprovecha las aguas ricas en nutrientes. Además, las densas colonias flotadoras causan que el contenido de oxígeno descienda hasta cero debajo de su manto, lo que provoca daños a los ecosistemas. Conclusiones. El lirio acuático es una de las plantas acuáticas más invasoras del mundo, ya que causa efectos ecológicos y socioeconómicos. Esta planta se ha usado como fitorremediadora, en la remoción de organofosforados, lo que indica que se puede usar para limpiar aguas residuales. Además, puede usarse en la producción de etanol, papel, composta, biogás, alimento humano, forraje animal, fibra y en la extracción de ácidos grasos volátiles.
A survey on recent advances in transmission congestion management
Authors: Gajjala Madhu Mohan , Ahmad Aijaz
Published: October 2021

For the last few decades, the power sector has been restructuring throughout the world, and because of this, congestion is bound to take place in the network. Congestion can lead to market failure, violate transmission capability limits and high electricity prices, and end up threatening the power systems’ reliability and security. Increased congestion may also lead to unexpected price differences in power markets leading to market power. In a deregulated power market (DPM), the independent system operator (ISO)’s fundamental challenge is to preserve the power market’s reliability and safety by improving market efficiency when the network is congested. Therefore, congestion management (CM) is essential in DPM and is the key to the power system. This paper carries out a congestion management methods survey to bring together all recent publications in the DPM. It aims to help readers summarize progressive CM methods, along with traditional CM methods that have been discussed so far. In this paper, we have carried out a comparative survey of the various well-known CM methods.
Coming out ‘softly’
Authors: Pak Vincent
Published: October 2021

Given the social stigmatisation and legal disadvantages faced by gay men in Singapore, there is a general hesitance to be open about one’s gay identity for fear of discrimination and possible prosecution. The logic of illiberal pragmatism is taken up by the Singaporean government as a mode of governance that simultaneously constrains and frees its citizens, which forces its gay citizens to straddle the expression of their sexual identity and a sense of duty to their families. This same tension is found in gay men’s reflections on the coming out process. In ethnographic interviews conducted with 15 Singaporean gay men, concerns arise about the perceived strength and directness of coming out alongside the need to satisfy familial obligations. In response to these concerns, gay Singaporeans have adopted a ‘soft’ approach to coming out that aligns with national illiberal pragmatism.
Chicana voices, las rucas rebeldes
Authors: Gonzales María Dolores
Published: October 2021

This tribute highlights the scholarly work of Chicana sociolinguist D. Letticia Galindo (1952–1998), whose research throughout her academic career focused on challenging biased and restricted interpretations of Chicanas’ linguistic self-expression and innovation. Letticia’s studies of members of subcultures surpass the stereotypic image of Chicanas’ language use, stressing that when women break the bonds of traditional gender roles, a liberated voice emerges: a voice that is no longer silent, passive or unidimensional. Letticia’s innovativeness opened the door for the next generation of scholars to expand research related to the legitimacy of Chicanas’ diverse linguistic repertoires.
Odpowiedzialność karna nieletnich w kontekście neuroprawa (neurolaw) – zagadnienia wybrane
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Ziobroń Agata
Published: October 2021

In the article the subject of criminal liability of juveniles was taken up. The practice in the scope of applying neurobiological techniques in the aim to determine ability to participate in the trial and assingibility of responsibility for commited act (neurolaw in juvenile justice). The attempt to answer the question was taken up whether these kind of measures could turn out to be useful in the context of creating universal tool leading to uniform rules of criminal responsibility of the juveniles in the European Union. Having regars to the issues of the paper taken up it was concentrated especially on aspects regarding to the degree of development of the juvenile. The hypothesis was formulated that neurolaw could be useful in the limited degree in the assessment criterium of insanity whereas useless in the reference to possible redefining of the term of underage.
Stanisław Kryński – przyczynek do biografii
Authors:   Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Polska, Lewandowski Michał
Published: October 2021

As a young man Stanisław Kryński, our Polish scholar, intended to devote his life to Roman Law. The fact may be surprising as Kryński received a great deal of attention thanks to his Polish translations of English poetry and the first volume of The history of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon. The first archival research shows that in his youth Kryński was really into Roman Law and was even going to do his doctorate on “Iudicum familiae erciscundae in a Classic Roman Law”. He became the assistant of the professor Ignacy Koschembahr-Łyskowski while studying at the Faculty of Law and State Science at the University of Warsaw. The professor became his academic mentor and enabled him to serve an academic apprenticeship in Rome in 1938. The outbreak of the Second World War pulled the rug from under Kryński’s feet. But still, the skills and knowledge acquired in Warsaw were extremely valuable when he lectured Roman Law at the Polish Faculty of Law in Oxford in the years 1944–1946. After returning to Poland, he became a higher education lecturer at SGH Warsaw School of Economics and at Catholic University of Lublin. He did not carry on the research into Roman Law.
DUAL TRANSFORMER ENCODERS FOR SESSION-BASED RECOMMENDATION
Authors: Anh Pham Hoang , Bach Ngo Xuan , Phuong Tu Minh
Published: October 2021

When long-term user proles are not available, session-based recommendation methods are used to predict the user's next actions from anonymous sessions-based data. Recent advances in session-based recommendation highlight the necessity of modeling not only user sequential behaviors but also the user's main interest in a session, while avoiding the eect of unintended clicks causing interest drift of the user. In this work, we propose a Dual Transformer Encoder Recommendation model (DTER) as a solution to address this requirement. The idea is to combine the following recipes: (1) a Transformer-based model with dual encoders capable of modeling both sequential patterns and the main interest of the user in a session; (2) a new recommendation model that is designed for learning richer session contexts by conditioning on all permutations of the session prex. This approach provides a unied framework for leveraging the ability of the Transformer's self-attention mechanism in modeling session sequences while taking into account the user's main interest in the session. We empirically evaluate the proposed method on two benchmark datasets. The results show that DTER outperforms state-of-the-art session-based recommendation methods on common evaluation metrics.
Report from the Agri-Food Charities Partnerships (AFCP) Forum on Management of Oilseed Rape Diseases and Pests
Authors: Pallett Ken
Published: October 2021

In his welcome and introduction, Graham Jellis, the AFCP Chairman, firstly explained that the Forum was a hybrid event, with around 25 participants in person at the University of Hertfordshire and up to 100 joining online from the UK and abroad. He expressed his gratitude to the University
of Hertfordshire for hosting the Forum. Graham explained that the purpose of AFCP is to allow the various agricultural sector charities in the UK to communicate and work together, wherever possible, to benefit UK agriculture and beyond. Further details on the AFCP and its member charities
can be found on: https://www.afcp.org.uk. AFCP member charities have funded much of the research on oilseed rape pests and diseases being presented at this Forum.
Reflexiones sobre los procesos de enseñanza/ aprendizaje en la educación a distancia1
Authors: Abad -Salgado Ana María
Published: October 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre los procesos de enseñanza en la educación a distancia. La metodología usada es una revisión teórica donde se identificaron aspectos relevantes en el proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje en la modalidad de educación a distancia; modelo que posee características que lo diferencian de la educación presencial: como el requerimiento de una mayor autonomía por parte del estudiante para el desarrollo de su proceso de aprendizaje, siendo el estudiante quien marca su ritmo de trabajo y donde el encuentro entre los actores: docentes/estudiantes estan mediados por las TIC. Como hallazgo se encontró que las universidades en Colombia tanto públicas como privadas enfrentan el reto de diseñar un curriculo generador de competencias genéricas y específicas que garantice el ejercicio de unprofesional capaz de aportar al desarrollo de los contextos en los que se desenvuelve. Se concluye que la educación a distancia demarca otros procesos de acompañamiento y de asesoría por parte del tutor y en mayor proporción con la dirección del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, principalmente el encaminado a fortalecer una cultura investigativa como función sine qua non del quehacer de la academía.
Towards Citizen Science Communication : How can citizen science enhance science communication?
Authors: Wagenknecht Katherin , Klemisch Sarah , Labuda Kamila
Published: October 2021

Science communication has shifted significantly in recent decades. From an early, widespread understanding that scientific findings were disseminated in a linear, closed pathway, there is now widespread acknowledgement of the need for more comprehensive and inclusive participation in science [cf. Massarani et al., 2017; Schäfer et al., 2015]. The project “Wir forschen”, which is part of the project “Innovation Hub 13 – fast track to transfer” coordinated by Technical University of Applied Science Wildau and Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, explores methodological and practical characteristics of citizen science as a form of science communication. In this project, we outline an argumentation of understanding citizen science as science communication and furthermore introduce the term citizen science communication. In the processual course of the projects, different instruments of science communication come into play, which establish a dialog between the actors and initiate exchange with different intentions and approaches. In doing so, the project contributes to the science of science communication.
Un recorrido por las fuentes de la lex informatica
Authors: Namen- Baquero David
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: los escasos desarrollos normativos a nivel internacional y las iniciativas relativas a la armonización del derecho en el ámbito electrónico hacen necesaria su disciplina jurídica singular. El objetivo de este escrito busca identificar las fuentes de la denominada lex informatica.

Metodología: el estudio parte de la definición de lex informática, luego se centra en las formas de regulación alternativa aplicadas al derecho informático y finaliza con la sistematización de las categorías sobre las cuales se podría edificar esta nueva disciplina.

Conclusión: la investigación permite concluir que ante la necesidad de una reglamentación apropiada se explore la posibilidad de que sean las entidades públicas y privadas las que interactúen a través del esquema de la corregulación en la consolidación de ese cuerpo normativo y que mientras eso ocurra, se continúe acudiendo a la costumbre y los principios generales del derecho para su desarrollo.
Assessing the quality of higher education:
Authors: Bululukov Oleg , Dmitrievich Marushev Anatolii , Vladimirovich Kubariev Ivan , Anatoliivna Shumilo Inesa
Published: October 2021

Introduction: For the educational world to achieve its existence and taste of creation and existence, there is always that need to promote and expect quality education, and this can only be realized through the analysis of its basic concept and formalities put in place. It is in this lane that an article and research is considered necessary.

Purpose: To recognize the undeniable importance of creating a reliable and transparent system of accreditation of educational institutions, the introduction of an independent system of education quality assessment, by the way of scientific analysis and comparison. The subject matter of the article consists in the concepts and forms of the quality of higher education.

Methodology: Based on the analysis of scientific points of view, the authors have suggested their own definition of the concepts of “quality of higher education” and “form of assessing the quality”. The classification of forms of assessing the quality of education has been provided and its procedural forms have been defined.

Conclusions: The authors have formulated propositions for improving the accreditation process in Ukraine. It has been noted that the issues related to the process of providing education in Ukraine are currently under close attention of both state authorities and international experts and public organizations.
Features of Measures to Prevent Fraud Committed by Women: the Experience of Ukraine, the EU Countries and the United States
Authors: Babanina Viktoria
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes approaches to the prevention of female fraud in order to identify the best ways to combat fraud committed by women. Theoretical approaches to the measures to prevent crimes committed by women, in particular, female fraud were examined. Peculiarities of the legal regulation of the prevention of female fraud in Ukraine have been studied. The conclusion was made about the insufficiency of normative acts aimed at combating female fraud in Ukraine. In addition, the investigation revealed that measures taken in Ukraine to prevent female fraud were poor and insufficient. In parallel, the experience of the EU countries and the USA in the prevention of female fraud was analyzed in the article. The programs and methods of prevention of crimes committed by women in the USA and the EU have been studied. Based on this analysis, proposals to improve approaches to the prevention of female crime, in particular, female fraud, have been developed. In particular, the conclusion was made that preventive work among the population as well as creation of special programs to work with women would be relevant.
Perspectival factors and pro-drop: A corpus study of speaker/addressee pronouns with creer ‘think/ believe’ and saber ‘know’ in spoken Spanish
Authors: Herbeck Peter
Published: October 2021

This paper examines overt and covert speaker/addressee pronouns with the cognitive verbs creer ‘think/believe’ and saber ‘know’ in a corpus of spoken peninsular Spanish – the Madrid and Alcalá samples of PRESEEA (2014– ) – with a focus on 1st person singular (yo) creo que ‘(I) think that’. Departing from the observation made in the literature that overt pronouns are highly frequent with creer and that topic shift cannot account for all of them, it will be argued that perspectival factors related to evidentiality/epistemicity and subjectivity influence overt pronoun realization. A corpus study was conducted to investigate whether (i) [person] and [polarity] and (ii) the type of complement affect overt pronoun realization with the cognitive verbs creer and saber. The results indicate that the type of belief expressed in the embedded clause should be taken into account, as well as person and polarity. The ultimate trigger for phonetic realization of speaker/addressee pronouns will be argued to be the notion of contrast: cognitive verbs whose embedded complement encodes evaluations and non-visual, abstract information have high frequencies of overt pronoun realization because these contexts favor the evoking of alternative perspective holders. Overt pronouns will be analyzed as the result of a [+contrast] feature which is assigned to the specifier of a functional category encoding perspective in the split IP.
Book Review: Moseneke D All Rise: A Judicial Memoir (Pickado Africa Johannesburg 2020)
Authors: 'Nyane Hoolo
Published: October 2021

The contribution is the review published by former Deputy Chief Justice, Dikhang Moseneke, about his illustrious 15-year term in the Constitutional Court as both the judge and Deputy Chief Justice. The book uniquely provides a rare window into the dynamics of judicial decision-making at the apex court. Often, legal academics only interact with the judiciary through the judgements. Yet, Moseneke gives the reader much more to the judicial decision-making process than just the judgements. The book further traverses one of the most controversial aspects of the Constitutional Court’s jurisprudence, such as same-sex marriages, succession to chieftainship.
The Consequences of Attitude
of an Individual to the Committed Crime in Law
Authors: Ivanov A. G.
Published: October 2021

The relevance of the article lies in the presence of problematic issues in establishing the guilt of a person who committed acts prohibited by the criminal code. The doctrine of criminal law stands on the positions of the psychological theory of guilt, in this connection, the establishment of the subjective element of the corpus delicti presents certain difficulties, which, in turn, lead to the admission of objective imputation. In this regard, an attempt has been made to analyze in detail one of the aspects of the criminal law theory of guilt – the attitude of a person to the consequences of a crime committed by him, as required by each of the forms of guilt. At the same time, the emphasis is placed on the possibility of foreseeing the social danger of those consequences that are enshrined in the criminal law, or are assumed as a result of a committed criminal act. It is concluded that it is necessary, within the framework of establishing guilt, to study in detail the psychological attitude of a person to the harmful consequences caused by the crime he has committed, which will contribute to a more accurate definition of the psychological signs of a crime and, accordingly, a more correct qualification.
Superpositions of Functions in the Course of Mathematics:
a Problem-Based Approach
Authors: Nakhman A. D.
Published: October 2021

In the context of the problem-based approach, the concept of superposition of functions is studied. The subject of the research
is considered in three aspects: pedagogical, mathematical
and methodological. The development of the concept of superposition and its connection with other definitions and facts from the initial level
of mathematical education to the levels of high school and university are traced. A problem-based system has been built, the components of which are theoretical exercises, problems of a standard and constructive nature, based on the properties and application of superpositions.
The corresponding methodological support of the decision process
is proposed.
The results of the 1939 Soviet census: two problems of adequacy
Authors: Tolts Mark
Published: October 2021

The article examines the adequacy of contemporary estimates of the total population of the Soviet Union based on the 1939 census. To do so, it analyzes the instructions for filling in the census form. Comparison of the better worded 1959 census instructions with the poorly worded instructions of the 1939 census shows that the latter created possibilities for double counting of the population. These findings confirm the validity of the lowest estimate of the total population of the USSR based on the 1939 census, given by the famous Russian demographer Andrei G. Volkov, which stood at only 167.6 million people. The impact of the inter-republic reallocation of prisoners’ census forms was also estimated. For the entire population of Russia these estimates do not, for most indicators, change the picture previously known from the official census results. On the other hand, for Ukraine and especially Kazakhstan, the recalculations produced noticeable changes, in some cases resulting in significant corrections of the composition of the pre-war population.
I DOACs alla conquista della trombosi cancro-correlata: una sfida vinta. Review della letteratura
Authors: Leopizzi Tiziana , Fioretti Agnese Maria
Published: October 2021

l tromboembolismo venoso rappresenta una causa di elevata mortalità e morbilità nei pazienti oncologici; gli anticoagulanti iniettivi ed il warfarin presentano alcuni limiti, difficilmente superabili nella pratica clinica. I recenti trial sugli anticoagulanti orali diretti, in prevenzione primaria, secondaria e nel trattamento del tromboembolismo venoso nel paziente con cancro attivo hanno dimostrato che i DOACs sono una scelta terapeutica non solo sicura ed efficace, ma anche maneggevole. In un ambito clinico “challenging” a causa di concomitanti terapie antitumorali, cateteri venosi centrali, trombocitopenia, disfunzione epatica e renale, fragilità tissutale e frequenti procedure invasive che complessivamente concorrono a rendere i pazienti particolarmente suscettibili al tromboembolismo venoso, i DOACs aprono un nuovo scenario terapeutico molto promettente.
Editorial
Authors: Gómez Botero Maryory Astrid
Published: October 2021

Editorial
Die Afrikaanse gereformeerde kerke in Suid-Afrika en hul aanbiddingspraktyke (1990–2020)
Authors: Hofmeyr Hoffie
Published: October 2021

The Afrikaans reformed Churches in South Africa and their worshipWorship as a major window on church life remains one of the most visible and obvious areas to discover and identify changes, movements and transformation quickly. Worship also reflects clearly on the way we experience the church. John van de Laar puts it aptly when he stated that “the way we worship, defines the way we live”. The question being addressed in this article is whether there have been some clear changes in the style of worshipping in these South African reformed churches and if so, why. In a brief overview the focus is on, inter alia, the most important areas of the worship of the church, that is, liturgy and the church service, preaching, church music and hymns, sacraments, small groups, and contemplative services. Many challenges remain; the important reality also remains that changes ought to be according to the basic principles of Scripture and the confessional tradition, always with a realisation of our contextuality in Africa and the needs of the 21st century.
Elemental cycling in blue carbon habitats
Authors:   , Krause Johannes Renke , Velinsky David J. , Watson Elizabeth B.
Published: October 2021

Coastal vegetated ecosystems, such as salt marshes, seagrass meadows, and mangrove forests, are valued for the ecosystem services they provide, including coastal protection, fisheries enhancement, and carbon sequestration. However, these systems have been declining globally, due to both natural and anthropogenic causes such as land conversion, pollution, eutrophication, and climate change impacts. Coastal management through ecosystem restoration and conservation aims to preserve or enhance these important habitats and is regulated and incentivized by international treaties like the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Paris Climate Agreement. Nevertheless, the management of coastal vegetated ecosystems and their services has to be informed by knowledge of the processes governing their provision across space and time and methods for their observation and evaluation have to be developed. This dissertation aims to fill recently identified knowledge gaps by providing estimates of carbon sequestration of seagrass meadows and salt marshes in an arid Eastern Pacific estuary. Here, seagrasses do not accumulate meaningful sedimentary carbon stocks but contribute exported organic matter to carbon buried in adjacent salt marsh sediments. Overall high proportions of allochthonous organic matter in salt marsh and benthic sediments suggest that current carbon accounting methodologies restricted to autochthonous carbon are not well suited to capture the carbon burial potential in systems with high organic matter fluxes between habitats. Leveraging recent advances in sensor technologies, this work shows how unmanned aerial vehicles and novel satellite platforms can allow mapping of seagrass meadows in a bay with turbid waters, from the meadow to ecosystem scale. Lastly, effects of disturbance on microbially-mediated nutrient cycling in mangrove-associated sediments of an urban tropical estuary are investigated using a metabarcoding approach. This dissertation centers on elemental cycling in sediments of mangroves, seagrasses, and salt marshes of previously understudied systems, namely an arid lagoon and a tropical urban estuary, with methods spanning scales from DNA sequencing to satellite remote sensing.
Adversarial Attacks and Robustness in Deep Learning Models and Applications
Authors:   , Alparslan Yigit Can , Kim Edward
Published: October 2021

Numerous recent studies have demonstrated how deep learning (DL) classifiers can be fooled by adversarial examples, in which an attacker adds perturbations to an original sample, causing the classifier to misclassify the sample. Adversarial attacks that render DNNs vulnerable in real life represent a serious threat, given the consequences of improperly functioning autonomous vehicles, malware filters, or biometric authentication systems. Studies in this dissertation explore different techniques to attack against DL models and make them more robust later.
German Pronunciation Database and its Possible Applications in the Age of Homeschooling
Authors: Skoczek Robert , Ebel Alexandra
Published: October 2021

Orthoepie research is a traditional field at the department of Speech Science and Phonetics at Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg. After several pronunciation dictionaries, the department has now published a pronunciation database. With the establishment of the German pronunciation database (DAD), the desire for a publicly accessible reference source is met. It offers norm phonetic information on general vocabulary, as well as forms and rules of phonetical Germanization. The database can be used for various scenarios in German lessons. Continuous expansion means that further possible uses can be introduced in the future.
Institution of the ombudsman of a state language in Ukraine: Conditions, legal basis, activity
Authors: Gergało-Dąbek Nadia
Published: October 2021

Thirty years after Ukraine regained independence, in many areas of social life, Ukrainian as the state language is still ignored, eliminated or marginalized. The state status for this language in the Ukrainian Constitution of 1996 did not grant it such a function due to the post-colonial domination of the Russian language, the post-Soviet legacy of non-compliance with the law and impunity in breaking the law. The annexation of Crimea and Russian aggression in eastern Ukraine, under the pretext of defending the Russian-speaking population, made the ruling elite and Ukrainian citizens aware of the importance of the language issue for state security and conditioned the need for institutional and legal protection of the Ukrainian language as a state language. The establishment of the institution of the ombudsman of the state language has become a new element in the legal system of Ukraine. The ombudsman's activity in the field of controlling the use of the state language, its protection, functioning and development is an effective instrument for the implementation of the state's language policy. The legal protection of the Ukrainian language as a state language and the establishment of the institution of the linguistic ombudsman is received positively by the majority of Ukrainian society. Criticism from pro-Russian circles and the Russian government shows how important role the language issue plays in the hybrid war with Russia.
Determinants of political stability: explanation of the process of institutional change in post-communist countries (1990-2020)
Authors: Lebediuk Vitalii
Published: October 2021

This article examines the institutional changes in 22 post-communist countries during the 1990-2020 period. The objective of the study was to find out why some countries achieved democracy while others failed to establish or strengthen democratic institutions, and what factors influenced the political stability of post-communist countries. During the study, available statistical information on the functioning of the main institutions was collected and processed. The analysis shows that the most significant institutional changes were observed among the non-democratic countries and those that fell into the category of hybrid political regimes. The correction of the initially chosen form of government is evidence in support of the theory of endogenous change, indicating “path-dependency”. The influence of endogenous factors determines the quality of democratic change and the level of political stability in post-communist countries. Democratic changes in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe were associated with a commitment to rapid reform in the early stages, and Euro-Atlantic integration only supported the democratic quality of the institutions. The institutional framework of the countries, that embarked on the path of European integration, was relatively stable during the period under the study, and did not deal with changes in the system of power distribution. While the countries of the former Soviet Union most often resorted to changes in the primary law of the country, and these changes were related to the redistribution of powers between the branches of power and the extension of the time in the office of the President. In addition to the overall level of democratization of the country, the level of emancipatory values and the weight of presidential power have the greatest impact on political stability.
Slavic national minorities in the political thought of the peasant movement in the interwar period
Authors: Podgajna Ewelina
Published: October 2021

The peasant movement presented various positions towards the national minorities living in Poland in the interwar period. The attitude towards the Slavic minorities was different, the attitude towards the Jewish minority and the other national groups. In the 1920s, a favorable position towards Slavic minorities was represented by PSL Wyzwolenie, SCh and PSL Lewica, while PSL Piast remained unfavorable. In the 1930s, after the reunification in the SL, politicians and leaders of the party proclaimed the need to make far-reaching changes and reforms in the Eastern Borderlands. The agrarians emphasized that the care for favorable relations with the Slavic minorities was primarily due to the concern for the interests of the Polish state, so that minorities would not be the cause of unrest and internal disputes. According to the peasantry, it was necessary to cooperate in the field of peasant interests, to change social awareness and to strive to create the union of Slavic states. In the harmonious coexistence of all citizens of the Polish state, regardless of their nationality, they saw the source of integration and the strength of the state.
Machine Learning as a New Search Engine Interface: An Overview
Authors: Neogy Taposh Kumar , Paruchuri Harish
Published: October 2021

The essence of a web page is an inherently predisposed issue, one that is built on behaviors, interests, and intelligence. There are relatively a ton of reasons web pages are critical to the new world, as the matter cannot be overemphasized. The meteoric growth of the internet is one of the most potent factors making it hard for search engines to provide actionable results. With classified directories, search engines store web pages. To store these pages, some of the engines rely on the expertise of real people. Most of them are enabled and classified using automated means but the human factor is dominant in their success. From experimental results, we can deduce that the most effective and critical way to automate web pages for search engines is via the integration of machine learning.
Prevalence of asthma and allergic disorders in school children of Karachi
Authors: Samoo Urooj Gul , Ehsan Shaista
Published: October 2021

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of asthma and allergic diseases and to identify the associated risk factors in school-aged children of Karachi.Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2019 to January 2020 on school-aged children (4-15 years) of Karachi. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used, data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.Results: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis and eczema in the study population was 22.1%, asthma 14% and 34% had a history of wheezing in the last 12 months. Food allergy was present in 15.5% of the study population. The predisposing factors were exposure to dust in 32.6%, passive smoking in 30.8%, perfume smell in 27.3% and the presence of pets in the house in 23.2%. Male gender and maternal asthma were significantly associated with the development of these allergic disorders in children (p=0.033).Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of allergic disorders and asthma amongst the school children of Karachi. Environmental factors such as exposure to dust and passive smoking are significant predisposing factors. There is an urgent need to conduct further epidemiological studies to identify high-risk groups and key modifiable factors.
Post COVID-19 changes in the perception of the parents towards dentistry for their child
Authors: Iftikhar Nahid , Dixit Shalini , Yadav Aditi
Published: October 2021

The aim of the study is to evaluate the post COVID changes in the perception of the parents towards dentistry for their child/children.

A cross-sectional questionnaire based survey was conducted among the parents of children <18 years of age to assess the behavioral changes in the parents after the COVID-19 outbreak towards pediatric dentistry. The survey was carried out with a sample of 5110 respondents.

Majority of the parents had correct knowledge regarding the COVID-19 with increase in their anxiety level post COVID-19 outbreak. Almost all the parents were taking the measures regarding the hygiene of their children. Nearly half of the parents were not willing to take their children to the dentist even in the emergency dental condition due to the risk of encountering corona virus at the dental clinic.

The majority of respondents lacked confidence towards dentistry, their treatment environments, and the infection control measures taken, and were worried about contracting COVID-19 infection from the dental setting. Parents, however, demanded better infection control measures during the SARS outbreak. From the results of our survey, it is imperative that dentists and dental specialist like pediatric dentists should offer more confidence building measures towards the patients & their parents, involving them in the dental treatment planning as well as decision making and providing them timely appraisal regarding the same.
Nature-based Solutions in Latin America and the Caribbean: Financing Mechanisms for Regional Replication
Authors: Marsters Lizzie , Morales Gabriela , Ozment Suzanne , Silva Paredes Mariana , Watson Gregory , Netto Maria , Frisari Giovanni Leo
Published: October 2021

Innovative financing models are emerging globally to advance nature-based solutions (NBS) that can cost-effectively enhance infrastructure performance, meet Sustainable Development Goals, and mitigate the negative impacts of climate change. Despite the potential for NBS to generate attractive returns and provide significant cost-savings, these financing models remain underutilized. Consequently, NBS are not achieving their full potential and a tranche of pent up green capital is sidelined. This report highlights five proven NBS financing strategies that leverage private finance: green bonds, blended market-rate and concessional loans, land-based financing strategies, insurance policies, and endowments. This report also outlines current barriers to the successful scaling of these financing strategies in Latin America and the Caribbean and identifies the approaches and enabling conditions needed to overcome them.
Superdiversiteit en culturele mobiliteit in Europees hoger onderwijs: een casestudie in culturele geschiedenis
Authors: Beheydt Ludo
Published: October 2021

The present article shows how the changing societal context in Europe is imposing a reshaping of the internationalisation of higher education. It argues that internationalisation has mainly focused on intensifying the mobility of students and staff, but has neglected the drastic change in European society brought about by “super-diversity” (Vertovec, “Super-diversity” and Super-diversity), that “diversification of diversity” which, over a couple of decades, has transformed the population of Europe into a highly complex mixture of people from different places, with different languages, religions and cultures. The consequence of this sudden change is that there is now an urgent need to “move beyond mobility” and to reshape internationalisation through “cultural mobility” (Greenblatt) in course content and learning styles. The second part of this article elaborates on a proposal for concrete course content in line with Greenblatt’s manifest to modify conventional ways of thinking about mobility. Taking account of “cultural mobility”, the proposed course in the Cultural History of the Arts tries to create a balance between cultural persistence and cultural change by introducing international content and interculturalism. The case study thereby highlights possible directions for future internationalised course development.
Te weinig aandacht voor cultuur in Nederlandse en Vlaamse tekstboeken Nederlands voor anderstaligen?
Authors: de Louw Robert , Buczak Mikołaj
Published: October 2021

It is generally acknowledged that culture and intercultural competence should be an inherent part of the foreign language teaching process. There is, however, no consensus as to the form and extent to which they should be incorporated not only into curricula but also coursebooks. By using Hofstede’s “Onion Diagram”, this paper looks at four coursebooks for Dutch as a foreign language and zooms in on the topic of “eating and drinking” to determine their (inter)cultural content. The results show that the focus in these coursebooks is on the symbols, i.e. the outer layer of the diagram. The authors of the paper offer explanations, some critical remarks and pedagogical implications, and call for a comparative approach to teaching culture and intercultural competence.