bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term foot outcomes following differential abatement of inflammation and osteoclastogenesis for active Charcot neuroarthropathy in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Das Liza , Rastogi Ashu , Jude Edward B. , Prakash Mahesh , Dutta Pinaki , Bhansali Anil
Published: November 2021

Aims

Inflammatory osteolysis is sine-qua-non of active Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) causing decreased foot bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures. We aimed to explore the effect of anti-inflammatory or anti-resorptive agents for effect on foot bone mineral content (BMC) and consequent long-term outcomes of foot deformities, fractures and amputation.

Methods

Forty-three patients with active CN (temperature difference >2°C from normal foot) were evaluated. Patients were off-loaded with total contact cast and randomized to receive either methylprednisolone (1gm) (group A), zoledronate (5mg) (group B) or placebo (100ml normal saline) (group C) once monthly infusion for three consecutive months. Change in foot BMC was assessed at 6 months or at remission and followed subsequently up to 4 years for the incidence of new-onset fracture, deformities, or CN recurrence.

Results

Thirty-six participants (24 male, 12 female) were randomized (11 in group A, 12 group B, 13 group C). The mean age was 57.7± 9.9 years, duration of diabetes 12.3± 5.8 years and symptom duration 6.5± 2.8 weeks. BMC increased by 36% with zoledronate (p = 0.02) but reduced by 13% with methylprednisolone (p = 0.03) and 9% (p = 0.09) with placebo at remission. There were no incident foot fractures, however, two patients sustained ulcers, and 3 had new-onset or worsening deformities and none required amputation during 3.36 ± 0.89 years of follow-up.

Conclusion

Bisphosphonate for active CN is associated with an increase in foot bone mineral content as compared to decrease with steroids or total contact cast but long-term outcomes of foot deformities, ulceration and amputation are similar.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03289338.
Impact persistence of stock market risks in commodity markets: Evidence from China
Authors: Ding Shusheng , Yuan Zhipan , Chen Fan , Xiong Xihan , Lu Zheng , Cui Tianxiang
Published: November 2021

The risk spillover among financial markets has been noticeably investigated in a burgeoning number of literature. Given those doctrines, we scrutinize the impact persistence of volatility spillover and illiquidity spillover of Chinese commodity markets in this paper. Based on the sample from 2010 to 2020, we reveal that there is a cross-market spillover of volatility and illiquidity in China and also, interactions between volatility and illiquidity in different financial markets are pronounced. More importantly, we demonstrate that different commodity markets have different responsiveness to stock market shocks, which embeds their market characteristics. Specifically, we discover that the majority of the traders in gold market might be hedger and therefore gold market is more sensitive to stock market illiquidity shock and thus the shock impact in persistent. On the other hand, agricultural markets like corn and soybean markets might be dominated by investors and thus those markets respond to the stock market volatility shocks and the shock impact in persistent over 10 periods given the first period of risk shock happening. In fact, different Chinese commodity markets’ responsiveness towards Chinese stock market risk shocks indicates the stock market risk impact persistence in Chinese commodity markets. This result can help policymakers to understand the policy propagation effect according to this risk spillover channel and risk impact persistence mechanism in China.
Temporal SNR optimization through RF coil combination in fMRI: The more, the better?
Authors: Jamil Redouane , Mauconduit Franck , Le Ster Caroline , Ehses Philipp , Poser Benedikt A. , Vignaud Alexandre , Boulant Nicolas
Published: November 2021

For functional MRI with a multi-channel receiver RF coil, images are often reconstructed channel by channel, resulting into multiple images per time frame. The final image to analyze usually is the result of the covariance Sum-of-Squares (covSoS) combination across these channels. Although this reconstruction is quasi-optimal in SNR, it is not necessarily the case in terms of temporal SNR (tSNR) of the time series, which is yet a more relevant metric for fMRI data quality. In this work, we investigated tSNR optimality through voxel-wise RF coil combination and its effects on BOLD sensitivity. An analytical solution for an optimal RF coil combination is described, which is somewhat tied to the extended Krueger-Glover model involving both thermal and physiological noise covariance matrices. Compared experimentally to covSOS on four volunteers at 7T, the method yielded great improvement of tSNR but, surprisingly, did not result into higher BOLD sensitivity. Solutions to improve the method such as for example the t-score for the mean recently proposed are also explored, but result into similar observations once the statistics are corrected properly. Overall, the work shows that data-driven RF coil combinations based on tSNR considerations alone should be avoided unless additional and unbiased assumptions can be made.
Molecular chlamydia and gonorrhoea point of care tests implemented into routine practice: Systematic review and value proposition development
Authors: Fuller Sebastian S. , Clarke Eleanor , Harding-Esch Emma M.
Published: November 2021

Background

Sexually Transmitted Infections, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), continue to be a global health problem. Increased access to point-of-care-tests (POCTs) could help detect infection and lead to appropriate management of cases and contacts, reducing transmission and development of reproductive health sequelae. Yet diagnostics with good clinical effectiveness evidence can fail to be implemented into routine care. Here we assess values beyond clinical effectiveness for molecular CT/NG POCTs implemented across diverse routine practice settings.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed primary research and conference abstract publications in Medline and Embase reporting on molecular CT/NG POCT implementation in routine clinical practice until 16th February 2021. Results were extracted into EndNote software and initially screened by title and abstract by one author according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Articles that met the criteria, or were unclear, were included for full-text assessment by all authors. Results were synthesised to assess the tests against guidance criteria and develop a CT/NG POCT value proposition for multiple stakeholders and settings.

Findings

The systematic review search returned 440 articles; 28 were included overall. The Cepheid CT/NG GeneXpert was the only molecular CT/NG POCT implemented and evaluated in routine practice. It did not fulfil all test guidance criteria, however, studies of test implementation showed multiple values for test use across various healthcare settings and locations. Our value proposition highlights that the majority of values are setting-specific. Sexual health services and outreach services have the least overlap, with General Practice and other non-sexual health specialist services serving as a “bridge” between the two.

Conclusions

Those wishing to improve CT/NG diagnosis should be supported to identify the values most relevant to their settings and context, and prioritise implementation of tests that are most closely aligned with those values.
Energy homeostasis is a conserved process: Evidence from Paracoccus denitrificans’ response to acute changes in energy demand
Authors: Covian Raul , Edwards Lanelle , He Yi , Kim Geumsoo , Houghton Carly , Levine Rodney L. , Balaban Robert S.
Published: November 2021

Paracoccus denitrificans is a model organism for the study of oxidative phosphorylation. We demonstrate a very high respiratory capacity compared to mitochondria when normalizing to cytochrome aa3 content even in the absence of alternative terminal oxidases. To gain insight into conserved mechanisms of energy homeostasis, we characterized the metabolic response to K+ reintroduction. A rapid 3-4-fold increase in respiration occurred before substantial cellular K+ accumulation followed by a sustained increase of up to 6-fold that persisted after net K+ uptake stopped. Proton motive force (Δp) was slightly higher upon addition of K+ with ΔpH increasing and compensating for membrane potential (ΔΨ) depolarization. Blocking the F0F1-ATP synthase (Complex V) with venturicidin revealed that the initial K+-dependent respiratory activation was primarily due to K+ influx. However, the ability to sustain an increased respiration rate was partially dependent on Complex V activity. The 6-fold stimulation of respiration by K+ resulted in a small net reduction of most cytochromes, different from the pattern observed with chemical uncoupling and consistent with balanced input and utilization of reducing equivalents. Metabolomics showed increases in glycolytic and TCA cycle intermediates together with a decrease in basic amino acids, suggesting an increased nitrogen mobilization upon K+ replenishment. ATP and GTP concentrations increased after K+ addition, indicating a net increase in cellular potential energy. Thus, K+ stimulates energy generation and utilization resulting in an almost constant Δp and increased high-energy phosphates during large acute and steady state changes in respiration. The specific energy consuming processes and signaling events associated with this simultaneous activation of work and metabolism in P. denitrificans remain unknown. Nevertheless, this homeostatic behavior is very similar to that observed in mitochondria in tissues when cellular energy requirements increase. We conclude that the regulation of energy generation and utilization to maintain homeostasis is conserved across the prokaryote/eukaryote boundary.
Modality differences in ERP components between somatosensory and auditory Go/No-go paradigms in prepubescent children
Authors: Nakata Hiroki , Takezawa Miho , Kamijo Keita , Shibasaki Manabu
Published: November 2021

We investigated modality differences in the N2 and P3 components of event-related potentials (ERPs) between somatosensory and auditory Go/No-go paradigms in eighteen healthy prepubescent children (mean age: 125.9±4.2 months). We also evaluated the relationship between behavioral responses (reaction time, reaction time variability, and omission and commission error rates) and amplitudes and latencies of N2 and P3 during somatosensory and auditory Go/No-go paradigms. The peak latency of No-go-N2 was significantly shorter than that of Go-N2 during somatosensory paradigms, but not during auditory paradigms. The peak amplitude of P3 was significantly larger during somatosensory than auditory paradigms, and the peak latency of P3 was significantly shorter during somatosensory than auditory paradigms. Correlations between behavioral responses and the P3 component were not found during somatosensory paradigms. On the other hand, in auditory paradigms, correlations were detected between the reaction time and peak amplitude of No-go-P3, and between the reaction time variability and peak latency of No-go-P3. A correlation was noted between commission error and the peak latency of No-go-N2 during somatosensory paradigms. Compared with previous adult studies using both somatosensory and auditory Go/No-go paradigms, the relationships between behavioral responses and ERP components would be weak in prepubescent children. Our data provide findings to advance understanding of the neural development of motor execution and inhibition processing, that is dependent on or independent of the stimulus modality.
Evidence of MHC class I and II influencing viral and helminth infection via the microbiome in a non-human primate
Authors: Montero B. Karina , Wasimuddin  , Schwensow Nina , Gillingham Mark A. F. , Ratovonamana Yedidya R. , Rakotondranary S. Jacques , Corman Victor , Drosten Christian , Ganzhorn Jörg U. , Sommer Simone
Published: November 2021

Until recently, the study of major histocompability complex (MHC) mediated immunity has focused on the direct link between MHC diversity and susceptibility to parasite infection. However, MHC genes can also influence host health indirectly through the sculpting of the bacterial community that in turn shape immune responses. We investigated the links between MHC class I and II gene diversity gut microbiome diversity and micro- (adenovirus, AdV) and macro- (helminth) parasite infection probabilities in a wild population of non-human primates, mouse lemurs of Madagascar. This setup encompasses a plethora of underlying interactions between parasites, microbes and adaptive immunity in natural populations. Both MHC classes explained shifts in microbiome composition and the effect was driven by a few select microbial taxa. Among them were three taxa (Odoribacter,Campylobacterand Prevotellaceae-UCG-001) which were in turn linked to AdV and helminth infection status, correlative evidence of the indirect effect of the MHC via the microbiome. Our study provides support for the coupled role of MHC diversity and microbial flora as contributing factors of parasite infection.
Factors influencing the adoption of SDG reporting by large African and Asian companies
Authors: Kazemikhasragh Amirreza , Francesca Cicchiello Antonella , Cristina Pietronudo Maria
Published: November 2021

This article aims to investigate the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by large companies in low- and middle-income countries in Asia and Africa, and the company characteristics that influence them to undertake such new sustainability reporting practices. Logistic regression analyses were applied to combine the data extracted from the Global Reporting Initiative’s Sustainability Disclosure Database and the Orbis database from Bureau van Dijk. The empirical results indicate that characteristics like the type of company, its economic performance and its engagement in voluntary sustainability programmes and external assurance are positively related to the adoption of SDG reporting. The results also show that some corporate, organizational and performance characteristics increase companies’ likelihood to adopt SDG reporting. Drawing on agency theory and legitimacy theory perspectives, this article contributes to the academic and practical understanding of factors influencing the adoption of SDG reporting by large companies in Asia and Africa’s low- and middle-income countries.
Almadén en la edad moderna. Su transformación urbanística de villazgo a villa
Authors: Silvestre Madrid María , Almansa Rodríguez Emiliano
Published: November 2021

La conservación del patrimonio industrial en España ha brillado por su ausencia hasta hace pocos años, cuando se empezó a comprender el valor histórico y cultural de los edificios, máquinas y herramientas, que son la memoria tangible del mundo del trabajo. En el caso de Almadén, al patrimonio minero y metalúrgico, que le ha valido ser inscrito por la UNESCO en junio de 2012 como patrimonio mundial, se une un patrimonio urbanístico que merece sin duda ser conservado para la posteridad. El objetivo de este artículo es precisamente la transformación urbana de Almadén en la segunda mitad del xviii, cuando pasó de ser un villazgo situado sobre unas labores subterráneas a la villa minera más importante de la España peninsular. Para lograr el objetivo marcado se ha realizado una intensa búsqueda bibliográfica, tanto de los libros y artículos publicados sobre la historia y el patrimonio de Almadén como de los manuscritos, planos y dibujos existentes en los archivos nacionales. Además, se han recorrido en detalle los distintos sitios de la localidad para su descripción y obtención de imágenes. Todo ello nos ha permitido comprender el esfuerzo realizado en plena época de la Ilustración para convertir Almadén no solo en una mina vital para el desarrollo de la minería de la plata en el virreinato de Nueva España sino en una villa moderna en la que los mineros y sus familias tuvieran una vida digna.
Application of additional insulation to ETICS on surfaces with biocorrosion
Authors: Antošová Naďa , Šťastný Patrik , Petro Marek , Krištofič Štefan
Published: November 2021

The paper presents partial outputs from an experiment that demonstrated the impact of applying an additional insulation on an existing contact insulation system with a green-algae surface. The aim was mainly to detect the development of microorganisms in the gap between the original and the new insulation. The existing ETICS on the polystyrene-based contact thermal insulation system and EPS-based additional thermal insulation were used in the experiment. A theoretical modelling of temperature conditions showed that this type of doubling the insulation presented the highest risk of condensation of water in the gap between the insulation layers and that these conditions presented suitable humidity conditions for the growth of microorganisms. The reason for the experiment is to demonstrate the need to eliminate microorganisms before applying an additional thermal insulation to surfaces with biocorrosion. This is especially the case where EPS is used. The temperature and humidity parameters obtained during the experiment can be used to model the moisture regime in the gap of other types of insulations (e.g. MW, PUR, PIR.)
Homocysteine as a Predictor Tool in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Mititelu Radu Razvan , Albu Carmen Valeria ,   Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Bacanoiu Manuela Violeta ,   Department of Sports and Kinetic Therapy, University of Craiova, Romania, Padureanu Vlad ,   Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Padureanu Rodica ,   Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova,, Olaru Gabriela ,   Department of Sports and Kinetic Therapy, University of Craiova, Romania, Buga Ana-Maria ,   Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Balasoiu Maria ,   Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
Published: November 2021

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive and irreversible disease which affects the central nervous system (CNS) with still unknown etiology. Our study aimes to establish the homocysteine pattern that can predict the MS diseases progression and to identify a potential disease progression marker that can be easy to perform and non-invasive, in order to predict the diseases outcome. In order to achieve this goal, we included 10 adult RRMS subjects, 10 adult SPMS subjects and 10 age-matched healthy subjects. The homocysteine plasma level was measured using automated latex enhanced immunoassay and the cobalamin and folate measurements were performed using automated chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). HCR was calculated by dividing the homocysteine plasma level by cobalamin plasma level. We found that the homocysteine level in plasma of both RRMS patients and SPMS group are significantly increased compared with the control group. There is a significantly higher concentration of homocysteine in SPMS group compared with the RRMS group. In addition, the HCR is significantly increased in SPMS compared with the RRMS group and is a very good index of disease severity.
Frühneuzeitliche Bildungsmigration von Kindern und Jugendlichen aus Böhmen und Mähren im 16. und frühen 17. Jahrhundert
Authors: Holý Martin
Published: November 2021

Journeys Undertaken by Children and Adolescents from Bohemia and Moravia to Attain Education in the 16th and Early 17th Century The presented synoptic study focuses on the question of the educational migration of children and adolescents in the early modern Czech state. Based on analysis of a variety of sources together with the results of previous research, the study looks at the gender, age, nationality, and social composition of these individuals as well as a number of other aspects of this topic, such as what institutions and regions children and adolescents set out for in order to seek education, what type of education they might have received, how such journeys were organized and paid for and how these nonadults viewed them, etc. Set within the broader context of the cultural, religious, and educational history of the early modern period, the study examines not only peregrination to attain university education but also the journeys undertaken in search of preuniversity education. Furthermore, the paper attempts to trace key developmental trends and, in closing, suggests areas for continued research on this topic.
Early counts of radicle emergence, counted manually and by image analysis, can reveal differences in the production of normal seedlings and the vigour of seed lots of cauliflower
Authors: Shinohara Takashi , Ducournau Sylvie , Matthews Stan , Wagner Marie-Helene , Powell Alison A.
Published: November 2021

The ability of a single early count of radicle emergence (RE) to predict differences in the production of normal seedlings (NG) and seed vigour was examined in four seed lots from each of three varieties of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis). Initial seed quality
was assessed in germination and controlled deterioration (CD) vigour tests. RE (first appearance of the radicle) was counted manually after 48 hours in the germination test (RE 48h 20/30°C) and every two hours for 144 hours at 20°C using automated image analysis. Seed vigour was assessed
in field and glasshouse trials. A large proportion of the variance in NG was explained by the RE count. The same RE counts at 20/30°C and 20°C predicted seed vigour in the field and glasshouse and revealed the same vigour differences as the validated CD test. Differences in vigour
(field and glasshouse emergence) observed between varieties were related to the extent of previously sustained seed ageing revealed by the CD test, although genotypic differences in vigour could not be excluded. We propose that single counts of RE taken manually or by image analysis can be
used to reveal differences in the NG and vigour of seed lots of cauliflower.
Mechanical characterization of clear wood from Portuguese poplar
Authors: Monteiro Sandra R. S. , Martins Carlos E. J. , Dias Alfredo M. P. G. , Cruz Helena
Published: November 2021

Poplar wood is a light, soft, and fast-growing timber from a hardwood species, characteristics that make it suitable for several applications. This study focused on the mechanical characterization of Portuguese poplar species, namely white poplar (Populus alba) and black poplar (P. nigra), aiming for its structural use. Therefore, a sample of lamellae was assessed to determine its density and dynamic modulus of elasticity, using a non-destructive device, based on longitudinal vibrations. Clear wood specimens were obtained from a set of lamellae to perform tension and compression parallel-to-grain tests. These tests were used to determine the moduli of elasticity in tension and compression and the tensile and compressive strengths and strains. Also, typical stress-strain curves were identified for the sample studied. The results stressed the potential for structural applications of Portuguese poplar.
Effects of biochar application on soil organic carbon mineralization during drying and rewetting cycles
Authors: Xu Gang , Song Jiawei , Zhang Yang , Lv Yingchun
Published: November 2021

Intense droughts and extreme precipitation events are likely to occur more frequently with global climate change. These drying-rewetting (DW) cycles affect the soil carbon (C) cycle. Biochar addition are reported to affect SOC mineralization and soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. However, the effects of biochar application on SOC mineralization during DW cycles are poorly understood. Two wheat straw (WS25) biochar produced at 300 °C (WS300) and 600 °C (WS600) were used to explore the effects of biochar on SOC mineralization under artificial DW cycles as compared to constant moisture (CM). It was found that biochar had different effects on SOC mineralization depending on biochar type or drying/rewetting period of DW cycles. Just like CK and WS25, WS600 application decreased SOC mineralization under DW cycles compared to CM. To some extent, SOC mineralization during DW cycles was similar to CM for WS300. The results suggested that WS300 addition diminished the reducing effect of DW cycle on SOC mineralization. In addition, biochar exhibited different effects on SOC mineralization depending on the drying and rewetting period under DW cycles. Biochar (WS300) addition during the drying period had less effect on SOC mineralization but increased the flush effect of SOC mineralization during the rewetting period. In conclusions, biochar application significantly affect SOC mineralization following DW cycles.
Investigation of new and recovered wood shipping platforms in the United States
Authors: Gerber Nathan , Horvath Laszlo , Araman Philip , Gething Brad
Published: November 2021

This study was performed to acquire key market and raw material usage information for the wood pallet and container industry in 2016. Historical trends in the wood pallet market were also analyzed between 1991 and 2016 using the results of previous Virginia Tech pallet surveys sponsored by NWPCA and U.S. Forest Service. The wooden pallet and container industry produced an estimated 513 million new wood pallets in 2016, which is a 23% increase since 2011. Approximately 35% of this was 48” x 40” pallets, which continues to be the dominant standardized pallet size. Approximately 39% of new wood pallets were custom sizes, which is a significant decrease from the 60% share found in 2011. Stringer class pallets remained the dominant pallet class with 76% share, while block pallets and skids only accounted for 21% and 3% of the market, respectively. Softwoods accounted for 55% of the pallet market, while hardwood accounted for 45%. An estimated 326 million pallets were recovered and sold as recycled/ repaired or remanufactured pallets in 2016. The most common size of the recycled or remanufactured pallets was 48” x 40”, accounting for 69% of the recycled market.
Isolation and identification of fungi inhabiting rubber-impregnated wood, and their role of quality changing the impregnated wood
Authors: Rahmawati Noor , Sumardi Ihak , Dungani Rudi
Published: November 2021

Knowledge of the types of fungi inhabiting wood, their growth conditions, and level of damage is needed to design an effective and efficient preservation process. Researchers have tried to identify fungi that play a role in attacking wood products (impregnated wood), including the type and the role of these fungi in changing the quality of processed wood. Isolation was completed on fungal-attacked wood. The first isolation resulted in approximately 26 isolates, which were then grouped into 8 groups based on the macroscopic appearance of the fungus. Molecular identification of the fungi produced types of Aspergillus tamarii, Penicillium citrinum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trichoderma reesei, and Fusarium solani. Chemical analysis using the Chasson Datta method was performed on attacked and non-attacked wood. A decrease was found in cellulose content and an increase in lignin content for impregnated wood attacked by fungi. It was suspected that there were cellulose-attacking fungi that consumed cellulose, which caused a decrease in cellulose content. An increasing lignin content was thought to be caused by phenols, produced by the delignification process by fungi and additional phenols from the impregnation process. Fourier transform infrared results revealed the presence of carbohydrates, showing that the degradation of cellulose by fungi produced simple carbohydrates.
Impact of cyclic densification on bending strength and modulus of elasticity of wood from temperate and tropical zones
Authors: Laskowska Agnieszka
Published: November 2021

Oak (Quercus robur L.), iroko (Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C.C. Berg), and tauari (Couratari spp.) wood were subjected to cyclic thermo-mechanical treatment (CTMT). The densification temperature amounted to 100 °C or 150 °C. The greatest changes in the modulus of rupture (MOR) value of the iroko wood, depending on the number of thermo-mechanical modification cycles, were noted. The MOR of the iroko wood, densified at 100 °C or 150 °C, after second thermo-mechanical modification cycle was twice as high as before the modification. No significant differences were observed between the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of oak wood before and after one modification cycle. Similar dependencies were noted in iroko wood. The thermo-mechanical modification performed over two cycles led to the highest increase, by about 56%, in MOE in oak wood densified at 150 °C. It was demonstrated that modification at 150 °C had a negative impact on iroko wood, which was manifested in the lower compression ratio of iroko at 150 °C than at 100 °C.
Knowledge and Performance Ability of Defibrillator among General Hospital Nurses
Authors: Chae Jin , Park Jeong Yun
Published: November 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate nurses' knowledge and performance ability of Defibrillator.Methods: The participants in this study were 121 nurses who have been working in a general hospital located in G region. The measuring tools of this study were developed on the basis of guidelines from American Heart Association and Korea Association of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. The knowledge of defibrillator was measured by self-report questionnaire, and the performance ability of defibrillator was measured by observation of the participants. The period of collected date was from May 15 to June 15 in 2016. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS 19.0 program.Results: The mean score about knowledge of defibrillator was 2.79±2.42. The mean score about performing ability of defibrillation was 6.44±3.39. The knowledge of defibrillator was a significant difference with age, working area, working carrier, experience of using defibrillator. The performance ability of defibrillator was a significant difference with age, working area, working carrier, experience of using defibrillator. There was a significant positive correlation between knowledge and performance ability of defibrillator.Conclusions: The finding suggests developing the knowledge and the performance ability of defibrillator on going refresher courses and training programs, including the related nursing practice guidelines to improve the knowledge and performance ability of defibrillator.
Exercise Experience of Elderly Medicaid Beneficiaries with Osteoarthritis Based on Self-Determination Theory
Authors: Ahn Yang-Heui , Choi Jihea
Published: November 2021

Background: Osteoarthritis is the most common chronic disease among elders, and it crucially requires self-management. This study aimed to qualitatively examine exercise experiences of elderly Medicaid beneficiaries with osteoarthritis receiving exercise intervention based on self-determination theory (SDT).Methods: Eight elders who received a community-based exercise intervention were interviewed three times. Using the interview transcriptions and field notes, researchers conducted an interpretative phenomenological analysis based on SDT to explore the motivational process of exercise compliance.Results: Three meaningful profiles (non-compliant, intermitter, and compliant) were identified along with satisfaction with needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) that motivate exercise compliance based on SDT. Compliance of exercise is primarily initiated by external regulation and followed by the internalization process of recognizing and accepting the value of the behavior.Conclusions: The concepts of SDT could be used to explore factors associated with motivation and gradual behavior change among elderly Medicaid beneficiaries with osteoarthritis. Autonomy, competence, relatedness, external regulation, and identified regulation control may be applied to establish a strategy that promotes behavior change by satisfying the psychological needs and internalizing the behavior of these elders.
A Comparison of the Factor Analysis on Smoking Cessation Success between Inpatient Smoking Cessation Program and Residential Smoking Cessation Program
Authors: Lee Ga-Hee , Lee Keun-Mi , Jung Seung-Pil
Published: November 2021

Background: Since 2015, Smoking cessation program have been provided by the local smoking cessation support center in Korea. This program consisted of a 5-days of residential smoking cessation program and an inpatient program. This article is to assist smokers to quit smoking by analyzing and comparing the success factor in smoking cessation from the two different programs.Methods: This study was conducted with a total of 996 participants from the residential smoking cessation program and the inpatient program, from January 2018 to December 2020 at the University Hospitals. Based on the registration card information, we did a retrospective research. Success defines that the smoking cessation continued after 6 months of program participation when it is confirmed by urine cotinine test or phone consultation. The outcome of this study was performed by cross-tabulation analysis and regression analysis.Results: The findings show that the expected value of success in smoking cessation is higher as the subject is older in their age (P<0.05 in 60s or older), and more frequent consultations (P<0.01) in both programs. The nicotine dependency (P<0.01), social security system (P<0.01), and drinking experience (P=0.01) showed a meaningful correlation to success in smoking cessation in the residential program.Conclusions: It is required to improve the smoking cessation program to active intervention with frequent consultations when providing these two programs.
Bowel Ultrasound: a Non-invasive, Easy to Use Method to Predict the Need to Intensify Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
Authors: Les Anda , Iacob Razvan , Saizu Roxana , Cotruta Bogdan , Saizu Adrian Ionut , Iacob Speranta , Gheorghe Liliana , Gheorghe Cristian
Published: November 2021

Background and Aims: Bowel ultrasound (BU) is a non-invasive, inexpensive, widely available tool, valuable for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) assessment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical utility of BU to predict the need to intensify therapy in IBD patients.

Methods: One hundred seventeen IBD patients (89 Crohn’s disease, and 28 ulcerative colitis) diagnosis established at least 6 months before enrolment, undergoing maintenance therapy were prospectively included in the study. Bowel ultrasound investigated the following parameters: the bowel wall thickness (BWT), loss of wall stratification, the presence of the bowel wall Doppler signal, the visible lymph nodes, the mucosal hyperechoic spots, and the irregular external bowel wall. The patients were followed-up for 6 months, registering the need to escalate the treatment regimen. Subgroup analyses were conducted for patients requiring immediate treatment intensification (37 subjects), due to active disease at baseline and patients with subsequent treatment intensification, in the 6 months follow-up period (21 cases) in comparison to patients that required no therapeutic optimization (59).

Results: During the follow-up, 49.6% of patients needed treatment escalation. All the investigated BU variables were significantly associated with the main outcome. In the multivariate analysis, the mean BWT (p<0.0001), and the presence of the bowel wall Doppler signal (p=0.007) were independent predictors of the main outcome. For the subgroup analyses: mean BWT (p=0.0001) and the presence of the bowel wall Doppler signal (p=0.01) were independent predictors for immediate treatment intensification (active disease at baseline) and mean BWT (p=0.0003) and the lack of bowel wall stratification (p=0.05) were independent predictors for the need of subsequent therapeutic optimization. Logistic regression prediction models and prediction scores (BU score) had the best AUROC values (>0.91) when compared to traditional biomarkers of active inflammation, such as C reactive protein or fecal calprotectin.

Conclusion: Bowel ultrasound could be used as a non-invasive, easy to use diagnostic tool to predict the need to intensify therapy in patients with IBD.
Fecal Microbiome Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection: Treatment Efficacy, Short and Long-term Follow-up Results from Consecutive Case Series
Authors: Urbonas Tadas , Ianiro Gianluca , Gedgaudas Rolandas , Sabanas Povilas , Urba Mindaugas , Kiudelis Vytautas , Kiudelis Gediminas , Petkevicius Vytenis , Vitkauskiene Astra , Cammarota Giovanni , Gasbarrini Antonio , Kupcinskas Juozas
Published: November 2021

Background and Aims: Many studies have shown a high effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in treatment of recurrent or refractory Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Nevertheless, data on long term outcomes and complications after FMT are still lacking. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy, the peri- procedural safety profile and the long-term efficacy and safety of FMT for recurrent CDI during a median follow up period of 24 months.

Methods: Our study included 60 consecutive patients that were treated from 2015 to 2019 for recurrent CDI. In all patients FMT was performed through the nasoenteric tube placed during gastroscopy. Fresh donor feces were used for FMT from unrelated donors. Pre-FMT preparation included CDI treatment with oral vancomycin 500 mg q.i.d. for at least five days and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) administration before FMT. Follow up data included information about recurrent CDI episodes, early and late complications, health status at 3, 12 and 24 months after FMT.

Results: FMT was performed for 60 patients (median age 72.5 years) with recurrent CDI. Clinical improvement after the first FMT procedure was observed in 48 patients (80%). Ten of 12 initially non-responding patients had a clinical resolution after a second FMT leading to an increased overall cure rate of 96.7 %. The remaining two patients needed a third FMT with a final overall cure rate of 100%. Nine of 60 patients were under immunosuppressive therapy. Six immunosuppressed patients were in the group of initial responders and the remaining three in the initially non-responder group. We observed a very low rate of adverse events in the short and long-term after FMT. During the first eight weeks after the FMT procedure, the death of three patients occurred, but they were not related to the FMT procedure. Patients were followed up for a median of 20 months, with the range from 12 to 55 months. During the follow-up period no long-term serious adverse events (SAE) were documented.

Conclusions: Our study confirms excellent efficacy rates of FMT in the treatment of recurrent CDI. In addition, this study shows that it is possible to avoid short term SAE when FMT is administered via a nasoenteric tube by following a very stringent peri-procedural patient follow-up protocol. Our study also demonstrates good safety with a low rate of long-term adverse events after FMT.
AAP Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics
Authors:   AAP Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics
Published: November 2021

Developed by leading experts in developmental and behavioral pediatrics, the all-new AAP Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics gives one place to turn for expert recommendations to deliver, coordinate, and/or monitor quality developmental/behavioral care within the medical home. The one resource with all the essentials for pediatric primary care providers. Evaluation and care initiation: Interviewing and counseling, Surveillance and screening, Psychoeducational testing, Neurodevelopmental assessment and medical evaluation. Development and disorders: Motor and cognitive development, Speech and language development and disorders, Social and emotional development, Autism spectrum disorders, Learning disabilities. Management solutions: Psychological interventions, Behavioral interventions, Psychopharmacologic management, Complementary and alternative medicine approaches. Contents: Introduction - Child Development: The Basic Science of Pediatrics, Nature, Nurture and Their Interactions in Child Development and Behavior, Interviewing and Counseling Children and Families, Basics of Child Behavior and Primary Care Management of Common Behavioral Problems, Early Intervention, Developmental and Behavioral Surveillance and Screening Within the Medical Home, Neurodevelopmental Assessment and Medical Evaluation, Developmental and Behavioral Diagnoses: The Spectrum and Continuum of Developmental Disabilities and Behavioral Disorders, Motor Development, Cognitive Development, Speech and Language Development and Disorders, Social and Emotional Development, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Psychoeducational Testing, Learning Disabilities, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Anxiety and Mood Disorders, Evidence-based Psychological and Behavioral Interventions, Principles of Psychopharmacologic Management, Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Sensory Impairments: Hearing and Vision, Social and Community Services, Transition to Adult Medical Care, Billing and Coding for Developmental and Behavioral Problems in Outpatient Primary Care.
Quick Reference Guide to Pediatric Care
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: November 2021

The AAP Quick Reference Guide to Pediatric Care delivers the practical, action-oriented clinical solutions you need "right now." It’s the perfect resource to use during or between patient encounters. Authoritative AAP content is presented in a concise outline format that makes it easy to zero in on what you’re looking for. Quickly look up key information and recommendations on: Prevention, Screening, Signs and Symptoms, Treatment, Emotional and behavioral problems, Specific clinical problems and Critical Situations.
Pediatric Code Crosswalk: ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM
Authors: Linzer Sr Jeffrey F. ,   Committee on Coding and Nomenclature, Hughes Cindy , Dolan Becky
Published: November 2021

Pediatric Code Crosswalk: ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM, 2nd Edition is designed as a quick reference tool for pediatric diagnosis coding and will assist in the integration of the ICD-10-CM nomenclature and code set into practice. This spiral bound quick reference guide simplifies the transition process by listing ICD-9-CM codes for the most common pediatric diagnoses right alongside their ICD-10-CM counterparts to assist selecting the most appropriate code conversion.
Guidelines for Air & Ground Transport of Neonatal and Pediatric Patients Manual
Authors:   Section on Transport Medicine AAP, Romito Janice , Alexander S. Niccole
Published: November 2021

The 4th edition includes must-have information and guidelines for health care professionals and hospital systems interested in developing transport systems and improving the transport care they deliver. Available for purchase at https://www.aap.org/guidelines-for-air-and-ground-transport-of-neonatal-and-pediatric-patients-4th-edition-paperback/
Coding for Pediatrics 2017, 22nd Ed
Authors:   AAP Committee on Coding and Nomenclature
Published: November 2021

Code it right the first time - and minimize claim denials and payment delays with today's most trusted pediatric coding and documentation guide. For beginners and advanced coders alike, this is the first place to look for pediatric-specific coding solutions! A widely used AAP exclusive, Coding for Pediatrics complements standard coding manuals with proven pediatric-specific documentation and billing solutions.

This year's completely updated 22nd edition features updates from both CPT and ICD-10-CM most relevant to pediatrics to provide specific examples and guidance on how to implement the new codes. Some new and revised services under CPT include parent/caregiver health risk assessment and moderate sedation. The book's many clinical vignettes, as well as the many coding pearls included throughout, provide added guidance needed to ensure accuracy and maximize payment.

In addition to revised CPT codes, new and updated features in this edition include

New chapter providing information on coding for services by allied health professionals in the physician practice

New chapter focused on coding for management of chronic and complex medical conditions

More examples of coding for preventive services recommended by Bright Futures

Coding quiz (approved for American Academy of Professional Coders (AAPC) for 4 continuing education units)
Quick Reference Guide to Pediatric Care
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: November 2021

Significantly revised and updated, the second edition of this popular quick reference guide provides information and advice on 190 areas of current pediatric care, everything from abdominal pain and ADHD, to headache and herpes infections, to weight loss and wheezing. This indispensable resource delivers practical, action-orientated, clinical solutions for healthcare professionals to use during or between patient encounters.
Psychopharmacology in the Treatment of Eating Disorders
Authors: Moskowitz Lindsay J. , Ku Benson , Shadianloo Shervin , Fornari Victor M.
Published: November 2021

Given the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with eating disorders (EDs), many studies have examined the use of medications to treat these disorders. However, with the exception of fluoxetine (for those 12 years and older with bulimia nervosa) and lisdexamfetamine (for adults with moderate-to-severe binge eating disorder), no other medications have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to treat any eating disorder. This article will review many of the positive and negative studies for use of medication in the treatment of eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, atypical anorexia nervosa, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, and binge eating disorder. Various classes of medication will be reviewed, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and anxiolytics. Although the information in this article is important in the education of both patients and their parents, medications should be used cautiously in those with EDs. It should be emphasized that to date, therapy—family-based therapy and enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy—is the mainstay of treatment, with nutrition therapy and correction of malnutrition as the crucial first step in treatment.
Pediatric Psychopharmacology for Primary Care
Authors: Riddle Mark A.
Published: November 2021

Completely updated and revised, the second edition provides primary care physicians with practice-tested, condition-specific treatment recommendations for various childhood mental disorders.