bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symptomatic vitreous opacity image enhancement using linear and nonlinear transformations
Authors: Zhang Siwei , Ye Hong , Rao Caihua
Published: January 2024

The rapid development of digital ophthalmology has put forward new demands for symptomatic vitreous opacity image processing, and symptomatic vitreous opacity image enhancement has become a key issue in the research of digital ophthalmology development. Focusing on this key issue, this paper proposes a linear and nonlinear transform-based image enhancement for symptomatic vitreous opacity. Specifically, firstly, a sharpening and white balance correction module is proposed, and the symptomatic vitreous opacity image is sharpened to compensate for the loss of details in the exposed area. Secondly, a visibility restoration module based on type II fuzzy sets is designed. We propose a symptomatic vitreous opacity image enhancement method with interpretability. As a result, the proposed method can solve the exposure and low visibility problems occurring in the symptomatic vitreous opacity image, and produce enhancement results that conform to human visual characteristics and have interpretability. Through comparative experimental analysis, the proposed method achieves superior results compared to advanced image enhancement methods.
Short-term load forecasting method based on fuzzy optimization combined model of load feature recognition
Authors: Xie Min , Lin Shengzhen , Xie Yuxing
Published: January 2024

With the continuous development of smart grid construction and the gradual improvement of power market operation mechanisms, the importance of power load forecasting is continually increasing. In this study, a short-term load prediction method based on the fuzzy optimization combined model of load feature recognition was designed to address the problems of weak generalization ability and poor prediction accuracy of the conventional feedforward neural network prediction model. First, the Douglas–Peucker algorithm and fuzzy optimization theory of load feature recognition was analyzed, and the combined prediction model was constructed. Second, data analysis and pre-processing were performed based on the actual historical load data of a certain area and the corresponding meteorological and calendar rule information data. Finally, a practical example was used to test and analyze the short-term load forecasting effect of the fuzzy optimization combined model. The calculation results proved that the presented fuzzy optimization combined model of load feature recognition outperformed the conventional model in terms of computational efficiency and specific performance; therefore, the proposed model supports further development of actual power load prediction.
A miniaturized tunable optical attenuator with ultrawide bandwidth based on evanescent-field coupling between nanofibers
Authors: Fan Changjiang , Zhang Yunfei , Zhang Jianbin , Guo Lijun , Li Mengwei , Xin Chenguang
Published: January 2024

We propose a novel miniaturized optical attenuator based on the evanescent-field coupling between two nanofibers. Benefiting from a wavelength-dependent waveguiding property of the coupled structure, a tunable attenuation with maximum extinction ratio of ∼ 20 dB is demonstrated with an ultrawide optical bandwidth up to 0.7 µm in experiment. The wavelength-depended waveguiding properties of both one single nanofiber and coupled nanofibers are investigated in both theory and simulation. Using an adiabatic coupling structure, an attenuation range from -0.16 dB to -18.46 dB is obtained within a spectrum from 1.2 µm-1.7 µm experimentally. Moreover, the simulated results indicate that, the attenuation only shows a slight change of ∼ 0.1 dB with a lateral misalignment of 0.5 µm between the two nanofibers, indicating a high tolerance of this attenuator to the lateral misalignment. Considering the wide bandwidth as well as the ultracompact structure, this attenuator shows high potential in applications such as all-fiber optical sensing and communicating.
Evaluating the efficient use of ecosystem processes for agricultural production: an empirical analysis of the implementation of a nature-based solution in intensive crop systems
Authors: Faure Jerome , Gaba Sabrina , Perrot Thomas , Bretagnolle Vincent , Mouysset Lauriane
Published: January 2024

Nature-based solutions (NBSs) can ensure food production while providing environmental benefits, but there is little scientific knowledge about their economically efficient use. This study fills this gap by investigating NBSs in an agricultural production model calibrated on empirical data. We propose an original framework based on the framework in Saha et al. (1997), to which we add an explicit model of ecological dynamics. We then apply this amended framework to a case study in France and combine unique ecological, agronomic, psychological, and economic data to estimate and simulate NBS efficiency. We study a form of NBS – the preservation and restoration of semi-natural habitats (SNHs) – and show that the optimal landscape coverage is 17.5%, twice the extent of the current coverage at the study site. Our study supports the rate recommended in existing ecology-based studies and goes further by introducing new productivity-based arguments. We also show that SNH efficiency conditions are shaped by risk preferences and the number of ecosystem services under consideration. The total value of SNHs is twice lower when risk preferences are not considered and four times higher when multiple ecosystem services are modeled. The study opens new avenues to include NBSs in the traditional agricultural economics frameworks and warns about the importance of choices in the modeling process.
RETRACTED: Research on Features and Localization of AE Signals from the Mechanical Body of Industrial Robots Based on Wavelet Denoising and EMD
Authors: Dong Shishang , Li Ming , Gong Shi , You Jun , EL-ATTAOUY MOHAMED , Zhang Hao , Qiao Shuai , Zhang Xin , Cheng Zian , Guo Li , Yuan Xuechao
Published: January 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
An Enhanced DV-Hop Localization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks using Variable Velocity Strategy Human Conception Optimization
Authors: Panda Subrat Kumar , Acharya Debasis , Das Dushmanta Kumar , Rajagopal R Kumar
Published: January 2024

Wireless sensor network (WSN), is utilized in a wide range of real-world uses at the present time. WSN has the capability to detect objects, collect information, analyze that information, and then communicate it once again. The importance of optimization approaches is vital for the precise and trustworthy estimation of the position of sensor nodes. The standard Distance Vector Hop (DV-Hop) localization approach is not completely accurate enough for positioning. Nevertheless, it is distinguished by its straightforwardness, durability, practicality, and low hardware prerequisites. This article presents an Improved Distance Vector Hop (IDV-Hop) localization algorithm that utilizes Variable Velocity Strategy Human Conception Optimization (VVS-HCO) to improve positioning accuracy of a sensor node without incurring additional hardware costs. To improve the convergence and precision of the original HCO, the VVS-HCO introduces a new technique for updating velocity. The suggested method provides a parameter that may be adjusted to change the hop size of the anchor nodes. In addition, it analyzes using the traditional distance vector hop algorithm, the improved distance vector hop algorithm, the distance vector hop based Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), the distance vector hop based Class Topper Optimization (CTO), the distance vector hop based Squirrel Search Algorithm (SSA), the distance vector hop based Social Learning Class Topper Optimization (SLCTO) and the distance vector hop based original Human Conception Optimization (HCO) algorithm. The simulation results confirm that the proposed algorithm outperforms the competing algorithms by reducing the localization error, localization error variance, and improving the localization accuracy with varying the number of anchor nodes, total number of nodes, and the communication range.
Causal associations between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yu Guangzan , Liu Lulu , Ma Qian , Han Fusheng , He Hua
Published: January 2024

Background
A large number of studies have demonstrated links between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Due to the presence of numerous shared risk factors, it is currently unknown whether there is an independent or reverse causal relationship between the two.
Methods
Exposure and outcome data from the largest available genome-wide association studies were extracted for Mendelian randomization (MR) studies. Univariate MR analysis was performed using IVW as the primary analysis methods, and multiple sensitivity analyses were used to enhance the robustness of the results. This was further followed by mediation MR analysis of positive results after excluding confounding factors with multivariable MR analysis.
Results
The MR estimation based on IVW method indicated a strong association between genetically determined COPD and HF (OR = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.07–1.17, p = 3.15E-06), CHD (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00–1.01, p = 4.03E-05), EH (OR = 1.01, 95%CI: 1.01–1.01, p = 3.48E-06) as well as Stroke (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00–1.00, p = 3.14E-05). The results of multivariable MR analysis revealed that COPD is not significantly associated with CHD after adjusting for IL-6 or LDL or total cholesterol (p > 0.05). Our findings indicated that BMI, smoking initiation, smoking status, obesity and FEV1 played a role in the causal effect of COPD on HF, EH and Stroke.
Conclusions
We found positive causal relationship between COPD and HF, EH, Stroke essentially unaffected by other confounding factors. The causal relationship exhibited between COPD and CHD was influenced by confounding factors. BMI, obesity, initiation of smoking, smoking status and FEV1 were the mediators between COPD and CVDs.
Improving Power by Conditioning on Less in Post-selection Inference for Changepoints
Authors: Carrington Rachel , Fearnhead Paul
Published: January 2024

Post-selection inference has recently been proposed as a way of quantifying uncertainty about detected changepoints. The idea is to run a changepoint detection algorithm, and then re-use the same data to perform a test for a change near each of the detected changes. By defining the p-value for the test appropriately, so that it is conditional on the information used to choose the test, this approach will produce valid p-values. We show how to improve the power of these procedures by conditioning on less information. This gives rise to an ideal post-selection p-value that is intractable but can be approximated by Monte Carlo. We show that for any Monte Carlo sample size, this procedure produces valid p-values, and empirically that noticeable increase in power is possible with only very modest Monte Carlo sample sizes. Our procedure is easy to implement given existing post-selection inference methods, as we just need to generate perturbations of the data set and re-apply the post-selection method to each of these. On genomic data consisting of human GC content, our procedure increases the number of significant changepoints that are detected when compared to the method of Jewell et al. (2022).
Baraj Yıkılması Sonucu Oluşan Taşkının İncelenmesi: Darlık Barajı Örneği
Authors: TİLAV Ezgi Selen , GÜLBAZ Sezar
Published: January 2024

Barajlar ihtiyacımız olan içme ve kullanma sularının düzenli olarak karşılanmasında, enerji ihtiyacının sağlanmasında, yerleşim alanlarının sel baskınlarına karşı korunmasında, rekreasyon alanlarının oluşturulmasında büyük öneme sahip mühendislik yapılarıdır. Sağladığı birçok fayda olmasına rağmen bu yapılarda oluşan hasarların, mansabında yer alan yerleşim alanları için ciddi afet riski oluşturduğu bilinmektedir. Ayrıca, eskimekte olan mevcut barajlarımız ve bunlara ek olarak her geçen gün artan barajlarımız, özellikle mansabında yerleşim alanları artan bölgelerde afet riskini daha da artırmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında çalışma alanı olarak, İstanbul’da yer alan ve mansabında yoğun yerleşim alanı bulunan Darlık Barajı seçilmiştir. Darlık Barajı mansabında baraj yıkılma simülasyonu yapılmış ve taşkın dalgasının etkiyeceği alanlar belirlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, yetkili kurumlar tarafından önlem alınması gereken alanların tespit edilmesine, baraj yıkılması sonucu oluşacak felaketlerin önlenmesine veya azaltılmasına katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Darlık Barajına ait yıkılma analizleri HEC-RAS programı kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Baraj gediklenme senaryosuna uygun olarak gediklenme parametreleri HEC-RAS programına tanımlanmış ve baraj yıkılması taşkın analizi 2 boyutlu olarak modellenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında olası baraj yıkılması durumunda meydana gelecek taşkın debisi, su hızı ve su derinliği hesaplanmıştır. Taşkın yayılım, derinlik ve hız haritaları elde edilmiştir. Taşkın yayılım alanları incelenerek taşkın tehlike haritaları çıkarılmış ve oluşması muhtemel taşkın dalgasının tehlike boyutu belirlenmiştir. Son olarak ise taşkın yayılım alanında kalan binalarda zarar hesabı yapılmış, zarar yüzdesi ve risk haritaları elde edilmiştir. Zarar hesabı sonuçlarına göre yaklaşık 3043 binanın hasar gördüğü gözlenmiştir. Zarar yüzdeleri taşkın yayılım alanı üzerinde gösterilmiştir. Taşkından etkilenen tüm binaların %80.05’inin çok yüksek riskli sınıfta olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Daha sonraki aşamada taşkın yayılım alanında kalan her bir bina risk sınıfına göre işaretlenmiş, risk haritalarında gösterilmiş ve çalışma kapsamında sunulmuştur.
Trigeminal Neuralgia and Cannabidiol Approach
Authors: Duran Nelson , Melo Marcos S , Fávaro Wagner J , Caruy Cristina A A
Published: January 2024

Chronic pain has been managed for decades, mainly by therapies based on a wide spectrum of analgesic drugs, surgical protocols and complex interventions aimed at interfering with pain outcomes or to, at least, modulate it. Unfortunately, all these techniques lead to several pharmacological hazards, besides their lack of efficacy and safety to treat chronic pain. This scenario justified the need of research focused on finding alternative treatments. Cannabinoids are naturally occurring substances deriving from Cannabis sativa L. The use of cannabinoids and their metabolites, mainly cannabidiol (CBD), emerged as option to manage different chronic pain conditions. The present review focuses on the CBD mechanism acting in chronic pain conditions, mostly on its specific use to treat trigeminal neuralgia. This review also discusses CBD’s safety and interaction with drugs prescribed for neuropathic orofacial pain, mainly Gabapentin/CBD interactions.
Viability of Lactic Acid Bacteria (L. Acidophilus) in Probiotic Ready to Drink Juices
Authors: Concepcion Remilyn V , Braga Jason D , Mojica Analyn A , Barcelon Eufemio G
Published: January 2024

Probiotics are consumed in dairy based goods, however, given the rise in various diet types, non-dairy alternatives, such as inoculating fruit juices with probiotics were studied for substitute. Lactobacillus acidophilus is a probiotic strain exerting a number of human health benefits.  Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus in different non-dairy substrate to produce a Probiotic Ready to drink (RTD) juice blend made of malunggay, pineapple and mango over 24 hours of fermentation and 21 days of refrigerated storage. The secondary objective was to determine the sensory parameters using 9-point Hedonic scale and physicochemical properties of probiotic RTD Juice Blend in terms of pH, TSS and total acidity. All of the probiotic RTD Juice Blend samples achieved a mean viable count of at least 106 CFU/mL during 24 hours of fermentation and 21 days of refrigerated storage. According to the sensory evaluation, which evaluated samples according to color, aroma, taste and overall acceptability, probiotic RTD juice blend with malunggay-pineapple-mango blend proved to have the highest score for all characteristics with pH of 4.62, TSS of 13.47OBx and total acidity of 0.47%. The pH and TSS decreases with time while acidity increases.  This condition is good for the production of microbes because low pH can decrease the microbes’ production rate. This environment may enable LAB to successfully pass the pH of the stomach and bind in the gut of the host which is needed for successful colonization and propagation for expression of its health-promoting effects. Therefore, this study indicated a potential for probiotic fruit juices as a valid alternative to dairy based probiotic products.
IN TELEHEALTH, PHYSIOTHERAPISTS CAN TRIAGE ORTHOPEDIC WAITING LISTS: PILOT STUDY
Authors:   MSc. Physical Therapist, Sport Medicine Rehabilitation., S. Abdrabalrasol Jaffar , A. Algafly Amin ,   MSc. Physical Therapist, Sport Medicine Rehabilitation., A. Almusabbeh Ahmed ,   MSc. Physical Therapist., H. Almaghaslah Wafa ,   BSc. Physical Therapy, MSc. Public Health, Field Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Qatif Central Hospital, Eastern Region, KSA.
Published: January 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to understand the reasons for long waiting lists in orthopedic screening clinics in terms of duration and quantity, as well as to examine physical therapy visibility as an alternative form of management to improve the patient journey according to individual current needs through Telehealth. Background:In public hospitals, there is typically a significant waiting period for outpatient orthopedic appointments with specialists. Subsequently, patients often face another waiting period if surgery is deemed necessary. Unfortunately, individuals with greater medical urgency are seldom given priority, which can lead to heightened morbidity for those who have to wait. Furthermore, alternative care options are generally unavailable during this waiting period. Methods:The current study implemented a telephone triage method executedby two physiotherapists to evaluate new patients on the waiting list of an orthopedic screening clinic. The research took place at Qatif Central Hospital in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia, spanning from October to December 2021. Telephone triage involves remotely assessing patients over the phone to determine the nature of their condition and determine if physical therapy could serve as a viable alternative treatment option. To ensure consistency in evaluations, the physiotherapists utilized a standardized instrument consisting of a predetermined set of questions and prompts. Results: It was found that 66% of participants experienced a three-month waiting period for their appointments. Additionally, the study revealed a significant number of referrals originating from primary health centers (81%),withknee osteoarthritis being the most commonly diagnosed condition (45%). Another notable finding is that 72% of cases were considered suitable for physical therapy as an alternative treatment option. Conclusion: Integrating physiotherapists into telephone triage for orthopedic outpatient appointments presents a valuable chance to address and prioritize lengthy waiting lists for orthopedic services. This approach offers cost-effectiveness and substantial benefits for institutions facing challenges in managing their orthopedic waiting lists.
Social media revolution and trends of da‘wah propagation in Ijebuland, Ogun State, Nigeria: An empirical survey
Authors: Dauda Kazeem Oluwaseun
Published: January 2024

Da‘wah plays a crucial role in spreading the teachings and principles of Islām globally. Different Islamic scholars have employed variety of techniques and platforms to fulfil this hallowed act of worship. Over the last two decades, social media revolution (SMR) has changed the dynamics of communication, democratized access to information, and promoted cross-cultural dialogue. Accordingly, Muslim preachers (Du‘āt) in Nigeria have considerably boosted their use of social media platforms, such as Facebook, X, Instagram, and YouTube, among others, for da‘wah. However, the extent to which SMR has influenced da‘wah activities in Ijebuland has received little attention in literature. This paper conducted an empirical survey into the impact of SMR on da‘wah propagation in Ijebuland, Ogun State. It used a descriptive survey design and content analysis approach. It argued that SMR has significantly changed the dynamics of da‘wah in the region. Despite the identified challenges facing their utilization, Ijebu Du‘āt have effectively utilized social media outlets with rational record of abuse. The study concludes that social media has indeed become a potent tool for da‘wah practice in Ijebuland. The findings justify the need for further studies to ascertain steps to take to strengthen SMR application to propagate da‘wah within the Islamic framework of tolerance, dialogue, mutual understanding and harmonious coexistence.***Dakwah memainkan peran penting dalam menyebarkan ajaran dan prinsip-prinsip Islam secara global. Berbagai cendekiawan Islam (ulama) telah menggunakan berbagai teknik dan platform untuk memenuhi ibadah suci ini. Selama dua dekade terakhir, revolusi media sosial (social media revolution/SMR) telah mengubah dinamika komunikasi, mendemokratisasikan akses terhadap informasi, dan mendorong dialog lintas budaya. Oleh karena itu, para pendakwah Muslim (du‘āt) di Nigeria telah meningkatkan penggunaan platform media sosial, seperti Facebook, X, Instagram, dan YouTube, antara lain, untuk dakwah. Namun sejauh mana pengaruh SMR terhadap kegiatan dakwah di Ijebuland hanya mendapat sedikit perhatian dalam literatur. Makalah ini melakukan survei empiris mengenai dampak SMR terhadap penyebaran dakwah di Ijebuland, Negara Bagian Ogun. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain survei deskriptif dan pendekatan analisis isi. Mereka berpendapat bahwa SMR telah mengubah dinamika dakwah di wilayah ini secara signifikan. Terlepas dari tantangan yang dihadapi dalam pemanfaatannya, para pendakwah Ijebu telah secara efektif memanfaatkan media sosial yang memiliki catatan penyalahgunaan yang rasional. Kajian tersebut menyimpulkan bahwa media sosial memang menjadi alat yang ampuh dalam praktik dakwah di Ijebuland. Temuan ini membenarkan perlunya studi lebih lanjut untuk memastikan langkah-langkah yang perlu diambil untuk memperkuat penerapan SMR guna menyebarkan dakwah dalam kerangka toleransi, dialog, saling pengertian dan hidup berdampingan secara harmonis dalam Islam.
Comparison of T2-Weighted 3D-Space and T2-Weighted 2D-TSE Sequences in Lumbar Spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Authors: Khan Quratulain , Nadeem Syed Farrukh , Mirza Tariq Mahmood , Shafiq Mazhar , Batool Zahida , Khadijah-tul-Kubra
Published: January 2024

Background: Spine-related issues like low back pain have substantially increased in the past few decades across all age categories having various reasons.
Objectives: To compare the image quality and diagnostic value of 3D space MRI sequence with 2D TSE MRI sequence in lumbar spine imaging.
Methods: Fifty patients, irrespective of gender having age between 30-70 years, who presented with lower back pain were enrolled for the study. Lumbar spine imaging was done using 2D TSE and 3D space sequences and the subsequent images were evaluated by two senior consultant radiologists for qualitative analysis of visibility and pathologic indices of both sequences. Data was analyzed on SPSS 25.0. Statistical analysis was done using Cohen's kappa (k).
Results: Female participants were 56% of total study population. Mean age of study participants found to be 53.62±10.76 years. Statistically significant difference (p-value =0.000) was noted for visibility score of all the lumbar spine components, when the 3D SPACE and 2D TSE images were compared with 3D-SPACE images found being superior in visibility. Inter- observer agreement for visibility of various regions of lumber spine was nearly perfect (k> 0.8) and substantial (0.6 to 0.8) for 3D-SPACE, while substantial (0.8 0.6) for 2D-TSE. Pathologic indexes had a significant level of inter-observer agreement (k > 0.6). Inter-observer agreement for 3D sequence (k = 0.72) was greater than that for 2D-TSE sequence (k = 0.64).
Conclusion: Images from 3D-SPACE sequences provide superior visibility over 2D-TSE and could be recommended as alternative imaging method for lumbar spine pathologies. Higher inter observer agreement illustrate that it may be included in routine sequences to make the better diagnosis for lumbar spine pathologies correctly.
Assault on healthcare in conflict: A critical examination of attacks on medical facilities and personnel in occupied Palestinian territories and Gaza post-October 7 under the lens of international law
Authors: KINIK Kerem , DAĞ Nihal , ÇALIŞKAN Cüneyt , DOĞAN Mustafa
Published: January 2024

Aim: This study aims to analyze the medical outcomes of attacks on healthcare systems in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, including Gaza, between October 7th, 2023, and December 30th, 2023, within the framework of violations of international humanitarian law.

Methods: This study is a cross-sectional epidemiological research. The universe of the research consists of attacks on the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT) between 7 October 2023 and 30 December 2023, which were obtained from the Surveillance System for Attacks on Health Care (SSA) database provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). A frequency analysis of the attacks on healthcare services in the occupied Palestinian region was conducted, focusing on the distribution of attacks by year, type of attack, type of impact, and medical outcomes.

Results: The study reveals that, between October 7th, 2023, and December 30th, 2023, in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, 570 attacks on healthcare services led to 1,419 individuals being medically affected. Healthcare personnel (456), patients (387), and facilities (295) were the most impacted by these incidents. Analysis of these incidents indicates a higher frequency and impact in early October, with healthcare personnel being the most targeted group. Various types of attacks were identified, with obstruction to healthcare delivery being the most common. The findings highlight the significant adverse effects of these attacks on healthcare infrastructure and personnel in the region.

Conclusions: This study reveals significant challenges in safeguarding healthcare in conflict zones, particularly in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. It underscores the necessity of a comprehensive approach to address international law violations, focusing on understanding, implementing, and enforcing legal and ethical frameworks. The systematic targeting of healthcare since October 7th, 2023, highlights the urgency for a global commitment to protect healthcare services and personnel. Collaborative efforts aligned with international humanitarian law and medical ethics are crucial for ensuring the resilience, security, and sustainability of healthcare systems in conflict-affected areas.
The existential ambivalence of the young Lermontov: Byron or the other?
Authors: Mysovskikh Lev O.
Published: January 2024

This article analyzes the existential ambivalence of the artistic consciousness of the young Russian poet M. Yu. Lermontov, who both was and was not Byron. Evidence for that lies in the fact that Lermontov’s early works manifest the concept of anxiety described by Kierkegaard’s, which the Russian poet was forced to overcome, as well as the transitional ambivalence in relation to the key components of Byron’s psychology and aesthetics. This duality forced Lermontov to openly accept Byronic characters and the storylines animating them. Recognizing these common features, the author of the article shows how the discovered existential ambivalence eventually gave Lermontov a special independence from Byron. For his ambivalent attitude towards Byron pushed Lermontov away from romanticism, which Byron so vividly represented, and placed the Russian poet into post-Romanticism. Comparing the corsairs created by Byron and Lermontov, the author of the article concludes that Lermontov adopted the external attributes of Byron’s poem in structure, plot, setting, plot twists, and gloomy emotionality. At the same time, Lermontov weakened the dynamic potential of these attributes, turning the story inward, slowing down its pace, reducing the central character and generally refraining from aesthetic abundance, psychological efforts, and high morality, which gave Byron’s “Corsair” attractiveness. These weaknesses reflect an ambivalent attitude towards Byron from the very beginning of Lermontov’s writing activity. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that Lermontov was aware of the inconsistency of Romanticism with the spirit of his time, as a result of which Lermontov’s “non-byronic” poetry can be considered as a vivid example of the predicament of an artist experiencing the aesthetic influence of an authoritative current in a transitional period when the artist simultaneously reveres, doubts, and departs from an outstanding model along with the ideals of the era that he inexorably leaves behind, plunging into the unknown abyss of a new cultural direction.
Application of neural network modeling methods in solving initial boundary value problems for partial differential equations
Authors: Vershinin Vladimir E. , Ponomarev Roman Yu.
Published: January 2024

Machine learning allows you to solve a variety of data analysis problems, but its use for solving differential equations has appeared relatively recently. The approximation of the solution of the boundary value problem for differential equations (ordinary and partial derivatives) is constructed using neural network functions. The selection of weighting coefficients is carried out during the training of the neural network. The criteria for the quality of training in this case are inconsistencies in the equation and boundary-initial conditions. This approach makes it possible, instead of grid solutions, to find solutions defined on the entire feasible region of the boundary value problem. Specific examples show the features of the application of physics-informed neural networks to the solution of boundary value problems for differential equations of various types. Physics-informed neural networks training methods can be used in the tasks of retraining intelligent control systems on incomplete sets of input data.
Clinical Profile and Risk Factors of Neonatal Hypoglycemia in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Prasad Prem L. , Malik Ritu , Chandra Surabhi
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Hypoglycemia is a frequent metabolic problemin the nursery and neonatal intensive care unit.1 The majority ofincidents of neonatal hypoglycemia are transient and representtypical glucose metabolism. Also, hypoglycemia signs maymatch those of various newborn illnesses. The aim of the studywas to evaluate the clinical profile and risk factors of neonatalhypoglycemia in neonatal admitted to a tertiary care teachinghospital.Materials and Methods: It was a prospective hospital-basedstudy conducted in the Pediatric unit of Shri Ram Murti SmarakInstitute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, which is a tertiary careteaching hospital of the Rohilkhand region. All neonates wereadmitted to the Pediatric Department and bedside glucoselevels <40 mg/dl were included. Initial blood glucose levelswere checked by glucometer in all neonates within 2 hoursof admission and once daily thereafter. Repeat testing wasdone whenever it was clinically indicated (lethargy, refusal tofeed or new onset seizures) and in neonates with documentedhypoglycemia at 2nd, 6th, 12th, 24th, 48th and 72nd hours of initialepisode and management.Results: The development of hypoglycemia was seen in babiesborn to mothers who had diabetes mellitus or gestationaldiabetes at a rate of 42.27%, eclampsia at a rate of 10.31%,and mode of delivery at a rate of 21.65% in the category ofmaternal risk factors. The prevalence of SGA (49.48%) was thefactor that was related with hypoglycemia the most frequently.Lethargy (49.49%), jitteriness (47.42%), and seizures (42.27%)were the most prevalent manifestations found in infants whohad the clinical presentation of hypoglycemia. Cyanosis wasnot observed in any neonate with hypoglycemia.Conclusion: Hypoglycemia is the most preventable metaboliccondition in neonates. The result showed that LBW, SGA,LGA, IDM/IGDM, newborns with respiratory distress, sepsis,hypothermia, and neonates with delayed and infrequent feedinghad an increased risk of hypoglycemia. The most commonpresentation was lethargy, jitteriness and seizures amongthese neonates.
Assessing the Impact of Internet Skills on Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Instrumental Variables Analysis
Authors: Mu Aruhan , Liu Zhiyong
Published: January 2024

Background

The potential benefits of IT for the well-being of older adults have been widely anticipated. However, findings regarding the impact of internet use on depressive symptoms are inconsistent. As a result of IT’s exponential growth, internet skills have supplanted internet access as the source of the digital divide.

Objective

This study evaluates the effect of internet skills on depressive symptoms through an instrumental variables (IV) approach.

Methods

Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study’s wave 4 (2018) were used. This included 16,949 community residents aged 45 years and older. To overcome the endogeneity issue, we used an IV approach.

Results

Our results reveal the emergence of a second-level digital divide, the disparity in internet skills, among Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Liner regression suggests that a 1% increase in internet skills is associated with a 0.037% decrease in depressive symptoms (β=−.037, SE 0.009), which underestimates the causal effect. As expected, internet skills are an endogenous variable (F test P value <.001). IV regressions indicate that a 1% increase in internet skills reduces 1.135% (SE 0.471) to 1.741% (SE 0.297) of depressive symptoms. These 2 IV are neither weak (F–1=16.7 and 28.5; both >10) nor endogenous (Wu-Hausman test P value of .10; >.05 or >.01).

Conclusions

Better mental health is predicted through improved and higher internet skills. Consequently, residents and policy makers in China should focus on bridging the digital divide in internet skills among middle-aged and older adults.
Motor Effects of Intervention With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Physiotherapy Treatment in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Cangussu Anna Izabel , Lucarini Beatriz , Melo Igor de Freitas , Diniz Paula Araújo , Mancini Marisa , Viana Bernardo de Mattos , Romano-Silva Marco Aurélio , Miranda Débora Marques de
Published: January 2024

Background

Children diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) often experience various limitations, particularly in gross motor function and activities of daily living. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that has been used to improve movement, gross motor function, and activities of daily living.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the potential additional effects of physiotherapy combined with tDCS in children with CP in comparison with physiotherapy only.

Methods

This is a 2-arm randomized controlled trial that will compare the effects of tDCS as an adjunctive treatment during rehabilitation sessions to rehabilitation without tDCS. Children with CP classified by the Gross Motor Function Classification System as levels I and II will be randomly assigned to either the sham + rehabilitation group or the tDCS + rehabilitation group. The primary outcome will be the motor skills assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure domain E scores, and the secondary outcome will be the measurement scores of the children’s quality of life. The intervention will consist of a 10-day stimulation protocol with tDCS spread over 2 weeks, with stimulation or sham tDCS administered for 20 minutes at a frequency of 1 Hz, in combination with physiotherapy. Physical therapy exercises will be conducted in a circuit based on each child’s baseline Gross Motor Function Measure results. The participants’ changes will be evaluated and compared in both groups. Intervenient features will be tested.

Results

Data collection is ongoing and is expected to be completed by January 2025. A homogeneous sample and clear outcomes may be a highlight of this protocol, which may allow us to understand the potential use of tDCS and for whom it should or should not be used.

Conclusions

A study with good evidence and clear outcomes in children with CP might open an avenue for the potential best use of neurostimulation.

Trial Registration

Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials RBR-104h4s4y; https://tinyurl.com/47r3x2e4

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/52922
Impacts of a Public Health Crisis on Health-Centered Online Social Networks (Preprint)
Authors: Bouhnik Dan , Keinan Ron , Margalit Efraim , Nakash Maayan
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

The study aims to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the usage patterns of Online Social Networks (OSNs), with a specific focus on providing insights to enhance future access to quality information. Health-centered OSNs play a crucial role in disseminating medical information, and understanding the shifts in user behavior during the pandemic and is essential for improving the provision of healthcare-related content.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this research is to examine the changes in user engagement on the Camoni website, the largest health-centered OSN in Israel, before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. By conducting a comprehensive case study spanning 12 years, our goal is to identify significant trends and insights that can contribute to a more nuanced understanding of how health-related OSNs are utilized during global health crises.

METHODS

To achieve our objective, we conducted a case study focused on the Camoni website. We compiled a comprehensive database spanning the site's activity. Subsequently, we performed a large-scale analysis to assess the impact of the pandemic on user activity. Our analysis aimed to discern notable trends in participation, enrollment, and community engagement on the platform.

RESULTS

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Camoni website exhibited a higher level of activity among women and individuals aged 40 and above. However, post-pandemic, there was a noteworthy surge in participation and enrollment, particularly among men and individuals aged between 20 and 40. Furthermore, specific communities on the site, particularly those focused on mental support, experienced a substantial increase in usage. This shift suggests that the pandemic accelerated the prominence of health-centered OSNs, indicative of the public's increased responsibility for their medical needs.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic played a pivotal role in reshaping the landscape of health-centered OSNs. The observed changes in user demographics and community engagement highlight the evolving role of online platforms in healthcare. The increased participation of diverse demographic groups indicates a broader societal acceptance and reliance on OSNs for health-related information. This insight is vital for adapting and optimizing health communication strategies during and beyond global health crises.
Is the Inflation Reduction Act Effective? A Forward-Looking Review of the IRA
Authors: Wang Shiyuan Alexis
Published: January 2024

This paper conducts an in-depth examination of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), significant legislation aimed at addressing a series of critical economic and climate issues in the United States. It introduces the concept of inflation and discusses the key provisions of the IRA across four major areas: climate change, energy security, prescription drug prices, and tax reforms. Additionally, the paper analyzes the Act’s overall impact on inflation separately, providing a comprehensive review of its effectiveness. The study evaluates the IRA through an analysis of economic data and news reports, considering the policy’s broader implications and offering suggestions for future research.
The Paradox of Fear in Schizophrenia
Authors: - Anon
Published: January 2024

None
Evaluierung des FFG-Förderprogramms Impact Innovation. Endbericht
Authors:   inspire research Beratungsgesellschaft m.b.H., Geyer Anton , Glinsner Barbara , Sturn Dorothea ,   ZSI - Zentrum für Soziale Innovation
Published: January 2024

Das Programm Impact Innovation wurde nach zwei Pilotausschreibungen 2017 und 2018 als laufende Ausschreibung in der FFG etabliert. Es verfolgt die Verbreiterung der Innovationsbasis, die Verbreiterung des Zugangs zu einer FFG-Förderung und erfolgreichere Innovationsprojekte als Ziele. Insgesamt kann Impact Innovation nach nunmehr sieben Jahren Laufzeit als Erfolg bewertet werden. Dies zeigt die vorliegende Evaluierung der laufenden Ausschreibung seit 2019 sowohl bei der Analyse abgeschlossener Projekte (ex-post Evaluierung) als auch bei den Workshops mit laufenden Projekten und bei der Betrachtung der Programmebene (begleitende Evaluierung): Die Programmziele wurden in hohem Maße erreicht; Die Antragsteller:innen sind mit der Organisation und Abwicklung des Programms insgesamt sehr zufrieden. Aufgrund des erweiterten Innovationsbegriffs, der auch soziale Innovationen miteinschließt, sehen sich Sozialunternehmen in besonderem Ausmaß angesprochen. Durch eine stärkere Vermittlung dieser Themen verbunden mit den prozessorientierten Projektanforderungen (Akteur:inneneinbindung, iterativer Innovationsprozess) bei der Kommunikation des Programms könnte dieser Fokus weiter gestärkt werden.
Privacy Rights and Social Media
Authors: Haque Ansari Mubashshirah Bano Izharul
Published: January 2024

Abstract: This paper delves into the intricate dynamics between privacy and social media, examining the challenges posed by the widespread sharing of personal information. Through a comprehensive lens encompassing legal, ethical, and societal dimensions, it sheds light on the evolving landscape of privacy concerns. The impact of digital connectivity on individual autonomy is explored, emphasizing the delicate balance required in the face of technological advancements. The abstract concludes with practical considerations for users, policymakers, and platform developers, urging a responsible approach to safeguarding privacy rights in our increasingly interconnected world.
Laminar Flow Heat Transfer Studies in a Twisted Square Duct for Constant Wall Temperature
Authors: Bhadouriya Rambir
Published: January 2024

Abstract: Three dimensional analysis of steady fully developed laminar flow inside twisted duct of square cross section flow area is studied for Reynolds number range of 100 – 2000 using a commercially available software. Twist ratio used are 2.5, 5, 10 and 20. Heat transfer results are generated for a uniform wall temperature case for Prandtl number range of 0.7 to 20. Maximum values for the product of friction factor and Reynolds number is observed for a twist ratio of 2.5 and Reynold number of 2000. Maximum Nusselt number is observed for the same values along with Prandtl number of 20. Correlations for friction factor and Nusselt number are developed involving swirl parameter. Local distribution of friction factor ratio and Nusselt number across a cross-section is presented. Heat transfer enhancement for Reynold number of 2000 and Prandtl number of 0.7 for twist ratio of 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 are 33 %, 18 %, 10 % and 7 % respectively. The results are significant because it will contribute to development of compact heat exchanger.
Analysing the Sentiments using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Saraf Aryan
Published: January 2024

Abstract: Sentiment analysis is an approach to identify, extract, quantify, and study affective states and subjective data that makes use of text analysis, computational linguistics, biometrics, and natural language processing. Customer materials, online and social media content, and medical materials all commonly use. Deep language models have made it possible to analyze more difficult data domains, such as news texts. The fundamental task is to categorize a text based on its polarity, that is, whether the expressed opinion is positive, negative, or neutral. In advanced sentiment classification, emotions like surprise, fear, anger, disgust, sadness, and pleasure are all looked at. Psychological studies and the General Inquirer are two sources of sentiment analysis's antecedents. Challenges in sentiment analysis include the possibility of opinion words being positive in one state being negative in another, and the fact that people may express opinions differently. Developing algorithms to identify and classify opinion or sentiment in electronic text is a goal.
The Islamic Law-based design of regional head post-filling
Authors: Siboy Ahmad , Permadi Iwan , Karim Zahlul Pasha , Karim Firmansyah Abdul
Published: January 2024

This research aims to elaborate on the standing of Islamic law regarding regional head post-filling and how this post-filling is designed to conform with the principle of Islamic law. This research employed mixed methods and statutory, conceptual, case, and normative-theological approaches. The research results reveal that Islam holds the principles that can be adopted into the constructions of the national law in the matter of regional head post-filling. In the time to come, this post-filling should conform to the principle of al muhafadhotu ala qodimis sholih wal akhdzu bil jadidil ashlah, in which this post-filling should refer to the applicable model coupled with the development of this model with an asymmetric post-filling system. With this approach, areas with direct regional head elections will face reduction. Consequently, the areas not eligible to establish direct elections should consider another election model.