bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internal bremsstrahlung spectrum of (_37^86)Rb for forbidden beta transition
Authors: ALMAZ Ekrem , TOKGÖZ Emrullah
Published: June 2020

Many researchers have worked on explaining the theory of the internal bremsstrahlung process released along with a beta particle and a neutrino from the beta-decaying radioactive nuclei. According to the original Knipp, Uhlenbeck, and Bloch (KUB) theory, IB is a low-intensity continuous spectrum of electromagnetic radiation that accompanies all types of beta decay. Former experimental studies on the internal bremsstrahlung emission from the forbidden beta transitions have shown marked deviations from the theoretical calculations. We took the more theoretical calculations for the IB probability problem. The analytical expressions proposed by the work of Chang and Falkoff for forbidden transitions were used for the IB spectrum. We have also calculated the Coulomb effects of the IB spectrum from the study by Lewis and Ford who first addressed these phenomena. We have handled and analyzed the data of IB emissions of (_37^86)Rb beta-emitting isotope that its transition is classified as forbidden. In addition to the analytical calculation, the IB spectrum was also obtained by applying Monte Carlo Method to IB problem. The results were compared with the IB spectrum results which are calculated from the analytical expressions.
The effects of changing story number and structural footprint area on building performance in reinforced-concrete buildings
Authors: IŞIK Ercan , SAYIN Nursima , ULU Ali Emre
Published: June 2020

Structural footprint area and number of stories occupy an important place among the factors affecting the behavior of buildings under earthquake effects. In this study, footprint area and number of stories are considered as two different variables. A sample reinforced-concrete building with all values such as structural system elements, dimensions, materials, material models and loading status is selected same in all different structural models. The structural analyzes were made for a single direction since the structure was chosen symmetrically. In each building model, the axle clearance has been increased by one meter in both directions. As the second variable, four different story numbers were chosen as 5, 6, 7 and 8. Eigenvalue and static pushover analyzes were performed for the each structural model. Target displacement for damage estimation, period, stiffness and base shear force values were obtained for all models, respectively. As the building footprint area and number of story increase, period, displacement and target displacement increase, while stiffness decreases in this study.
“RED” ODESSA IN THE EYES OF N. KAZANDZAKIS: DOCUMENTARY-ARTISTIC TWO of the AUTHOR’s worlds (based on the travelogue «Traveling: Russia»)
Authors: Snigovska Oksana , Malakhiti Andriy
Published: June 2020

The article explores the features of documentary works of art, in particular letters, articles, travel notes, newspaper publications, photo and video materials, which formed the basis of the travelogue «Travelling: Russia» by the Greek writer Nikos Kazantzakis. It describes his trips to the Soviet Union in the 20s of the XX century. A complex of themes and motives typical of travelogue, topos is considered, topographic plots focused on the presentation of facts and situations are highlighted. The subject of the image in travel notes and feature articles by N. Kazantzakis is practically everything that he sees and realizes / perceives and, of course, describes: topographic environment, the beauty of nature, mode of life, social relations and the psychology of people. The wandering figure, breaking away from usual life, overcoming the barrier of existence, which forces the author and readers to experience borderline states, ask extreme questions, seek for the answers, fulfilling the mission of the travelogue. Getting into other, unfamiliar conditions, the traveller either gets used to them, or evaluates them, transforming them for himself and for the others. Travelogue N. Kazantzakis «Traveling: Russia» does not always adequately reflect the real space of travel. The repeating routes of Greece – Odesa – Kiev trips by sea and further by rail receive different irradiation depending on optimistic (at the beginning of his philosophical and religious journey) or catastrophic with a touch of disappointment (at the end of his ideological search) premonitions of the author. So, the construction of the travelogue of the Greek writer was greatly influenced by previous trips to the same places. Nikos Kazantzakis often refers reader to facts of history, to cultural codes, to ideological oppositions, to personal memory. Oppositions Europe/Greece – Russia, Vienna – Odesa, Greeks – Russians / Ukrainians – Jews are interpreted nominally in the article, the main task of the writer seems to be a way out to the existential principles of the structure and transformation of person.
VERBALIZATION OF MYTH OF THE «GARDEN» IN OLEKSII DOVHIY’S POETIC LANGUAGE
Authors: Oleksandr Oleksandr
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes peculiarities of interpretation of the myth «garden» of Oleksii Dovhiy’s lyrical hero and the nature of its lingual expression. During the research it was found out that within the anthropocentric approach in linguistics special attention was paid to the study of the peculiarities of lingual reflection of the worldview by the individual. Based on a review of linguistic research on the subject, it was concluded that the linguistic worldview is a way of reflecting reality in the human mind through the lens of the lingual and cultural-national features of a particular lingual collective. The problems of structure of the concept were investigated within the defined problems. The peculiarities of correlation of concept components are found out. During the analysis of concept it is proved that «mythologema» is a kind of continuation of the concept and is presented in the literature at the level of associations with mythical realities, allusions and reminiscences.

A study of Oleksii Dovhiy’s poetic language showed that the myth «garden» is one of the most spread in the author’s language. Having studied the linguistic peculiarities of the expression of this myth and its correlative images, we have proved that it is interpreted by Oleksii Dovhiy’s lyrical hero as a certain otherworldly, as an ideal locus, as well as a harmoniously ordered universe.
MARKERS OF THE DIRECT SPEECH IN ROMAN POETRY OF THE AUGUSTAN PERIOD (ON “METAMORPHOSES” BY OVID)
Authors: Cherniukh Bohdan
Published: June 2020

The analysis of the means of introducing direct speech in Ovid’s poem “Metamorphoses” makes it possible to distinguish three groups: speech verbs, noun phrases and elliptical constructions. The main markers of direct speech are speech verbs divided into hyperonyms (dico, aio, inquam, fari) denoting bare fact of speaking, and hyponyms with additional semantic shade. Among them, the most common are hyperonyms, especially dico, while aio and inquam are second and third respectively. The minimum frequency is shown by fari and its composites (adfari, profari). Noun phrases that include nouns with semantics of speech (e.g, ora solvere, voces dare) are on the second place as to their frequency. Alone in “Metamorphoses”, elliptical constructions (e.g, talibus genitor, tum illa, etc.) are inherent in dialogues. The place of markers regarding direct language may vary, but most often, unlike prose, they are intraposed, which is conditioned by the peculiarities of poetic syntax. Particularly characteristic intraposition is for inquam. Unlike hyperonyms, hyponyms as well as other means of introducing direct speech are usually preposed.
Prevention of Deviant Behavior of Children and Adolescents as a Field of Activity of a Psychologist in Educational Institutions
Authors: Bogdanovich N.V. , Delibalt V.V.
Published: June 2020

The article examines the methodological basics of deviant behavior prevention of minors as a field of activity of a psychologist in educational organizations. The substantial definition, main contradictions and requirements for the organization of psychological prevention are provided. The specifics of preventive activities in the context of difficult life and legally significant situations involving minors with problematic and deviant behavior are considered. The algorithm of planning psychoprophylactic work in the form of technology “Cycle of activity of the psychologist” is defined. It describes the main stages of psychoprophylaxis,as well as methods and technologies used at each stage of this activity. The main principles of interagency cooperation as a necessary aspect of this activity, as well as requirements for the development of psychoprophylactic programs and prevention programs are highlighted.
Characteristics of Personal Immaturity in Female Child Committing Socially Dangerous Acts
Authors: Fedonkina A.A.
Published: June 2020

The article deals with the manifestations of personal immaturity in female juvenile offenders. The psychological conclusions of girls committing socially dangerous acts and underwent a comprehensive forensic psychological and psychiatric examination were analysed. The results of clinical diagnostics and expert assessment of the ability of minors to regulate arbitrarily their own activities are presented. The article describes the features of signs in girls with illegal behavior, typical for personal immaturity, and presents a comparison with a sample of male juvenile offenders. It was found that girls ' mental development delays are mainly partial in nature, and manifestations of personal immaturity are generally less pronounced compared to boys. In the study of the intellectual sphere, it was noted that girls ' intellectual deficits are less pronounced, observed mainly in combination with psychopathology of organic genesis.
Implementation Issues of Folklore Game Practice as a Corrective and Preventive Resource (Results and Potential of Experimental Work)
Authors: Teplova A.B. , Chernushevich V.A. , Chuprakova N.N.
Published: June 2020

The folk game practice is proposed as a variant of execution of the idea of substituting sociogenesis. Game situations create conditions for intensive interaction, communication and allow solving the problem of correction and prevention of deviant behavior through the social and communicative development of children. In the context of the formative experiment when testing the game program, the influence of game practice on improving the sociometric status of children, on their ability to recognize, accept and comply with various rules, regulatory interaction and communication is demonstrated. The implementation issue of the game practice is the lack of game specialists. The presence of games presented in text descriptions and recommendations for organizing the game is not enough for the successful organization of real game situations. The experience of implementation and distribution of the game practice has shown that children easily and joyfully accept the game experience, but there is not enough space and time for its sustainability, as well as specialists of real game experience that would offer it to children. Game training of specialists is required. These are the main difficulties in implementing game practice as a tool of preventing and correcting deviant behavior.
Experimental Study of the Influence of Self-realization of Students in Sports Activities on the Tendency to Cyber Dependence in University Education Context
Authors: Simakova T.A. , Zharkikh A.A. , Ankudinov N.V.
Published: June 2020

Recently the problem of Internet addiction among young people has become global. Staying in cyberspace entails a series of risks: electronic, content, communication, consumer and Internet addiction risks. In this view the society's need to provide preventive measures to protect the Internet environment from risks is being updated. The study on the severity of Internet addiction in students (conducted on the basis of the Academy of the Federal penitentiary service of Russia) examines the impact of involvement in groups of sports improvement. Sport activity motivates for achievement, demands to respect the daily routine, the execution of training plans and the stable mental state of those involved. The results of the study confirm the positive impact of sports activities on reducing the risk of Internet addiction. The following indicators were identified in cadets-athletes: lower indicators in the preference for virtual online communication; a decrease in motivation to go online as a means of improving emotional state; a decrease in uncontrolled regular mental return to the online space; the decrease of difficulties with the planning of stay in the network and reduce overall performance of Internet addiction.
Quantitative assessment of anxiety about their health in patients with first-ever stroke
Authors: Savina Maria A.
Published: June 2020

Excessive health anxiety is frequent post-stroke psychopathological syndrome that remains understudied.
Aim. Quantitative assessment of health anxiety by Whiteley Index as well as it`s relation to psychiatric and somatic disorders.
Methods. This study is a part of prospective observational study of patients with first-ever stroke. 53 patients (mean age 60.211.8 years, 37% female) were assessed by Whiteley Index: 35 patients in 14 day of stroke, 32 at 6. Month of post-stroke period, 14 in both time-points. Borderline health anxiety was diagnosed in patients with score 3244, excessive health anxiety with score more than 44.
Results. Patients were divided into 5 groups: with low health anxiety (n=19), with borderline health anxiety (n=14), with high health anxiety (n=15), with lowering score (n=3) and with increasing score (n=3). Increased health anxiety was associated with bigger stroke volume, executive dysfunction, with larger number of habitual anxiety reactions and anxiety-related motor, ideational and vegetative symptoms as well as with uncontrollable hypertension in post-stroke period. Excessive health anxiety didn`t relate to increased frequency of generalized anxiety disorder and fear of stroke recurrence.
Conclusion. Although increased health anxiety is understandable psychological reaction to stroke, it has some pathological correlates: with increased habitual anxiety and vegetative lability, bigger lesion volume and executive dysfunction.
Discussion issues of general psychopathology (traditional and innovative approaches)
Authors: Krylov Vladimir I.
Published: June 2020

The paper presents a critical analysis of the main traditional and modern directions of General psychopathology of the problem. The terminological aspects of psychopathological analysis are discussed. The semantic content of the main units of General psychopathology is considered.
Documenting Earthquakes in the United States of the Ionian Islands, 1815–1864
Authors: Albini Paola
Published: June 2020

The seven islands of Corfu, Paxoi, Kephalonia, Ithaca, Lefkada, Zakynthos, and Cythera (Ionian Sea, offshore western Greece) were a British protectorate with the name of “United States of the Ionian Islands” between 1815 and 1864. Although many earthquake studies have already examined the past seismicity of this area, they contain only a few data for a handful of earthquakes, for an area known to be characterized by a high level of seismicity. Against this fragmentary seismological knowledge stands a 50 yr abundant production of local documentary sources of different types and in diverse languages. For this reason and because most of the available sources had not been yet nor systematically looked into in the search for testimonies of earthquake effects, an ad hoc and comprehensive investigation was carried out. The number of records on earthquake effects is huge as well as unexpected, and the quality of the collected records is high. The 147 new macroseismic European Macroseismic Scale 1998 intensity values, accurately assigned on the basis of independent contemporary records only, are presented in the form of timelines of earthquake effects for the main towns of the four islands of Corfu, Kephalonia, Lefkada, and Zakynthos. Besides partially amending the gaps of the knowledge of these 50 yr of seismicity in the Ionian Islands, the great amount of freshly collected data suggests that historical seismological research may effectively contribute to improving the seismic scenarios of past earthquakes in many areas of the world.
The Effectiveness of Laboratory Methods for the Early Differential Diagnosis of Ophthalmohlamidiosis and Conjunctival Lymphoma (Clinical Cases)
Authors: Krichevskaya G. I. , Vakhova E. S. , Saakyan S. V. , Myakoshina E. B. , Andryushin A. E. , Maybogin A. M. , Proskurina O. V. , Trukhina A. V.
Published: June 2020

Conjunctival lymphomas are predominantly extranodal B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL), most of them are MALT-lymphomas originating from the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Manifestations of the conjunctival NHL are very diverse, and often imitate the appearance of other ocular diseases, which makes their clinical diagnosis difficult and significantly lengthens the time from the first visit to the ophthalmologist until the diagnosis is verified. The article presents the case histories of two young patients who were treated for a long time at the place of residence as acute chlamydial conjunctivitis (in one case — 3, in the other — almost 5 months). A comprehensive laboratory study to detect specific blood antibodies, DNA of the pathogen in conjunctival scrapings and the cytological picture of the conjunctiva did not confirm the chlamydial etiology of the process. A pronounced lymphoid reaction mainly due to small lymphoid cells was found in both patients in scrapings from the conjunctiva of the eyelid, which was the basis for referring patients for consultation to oncologist. Histological examination of conjunctival biopsy specimens also revealed proliferation of lymphoid tissue: patients with suspected MALT lymphoma were referred to onco-hematologists. A PCR analysis of the biopsy material revealed HHV-8 DNA in one patient and Epstein-Barr (EBV) DNA in another, although no pathogen genomes were detected in the conjunctiva scrapings. Immunohistochemical analysis in one patient confirmed the conjunctival MALT-lymphoma, in another one diagnosed hyperplasia of the conjunctival mucous-associated lymphoid tissue, caused by prolonged antigenic stimulation (EBV DNA was detected in the biopsy). The follicular appearance of the lymphocyte hyperplasia in conjunctiva may imitate the clinical picture of infectious diseases. For differential diagnosis of chlamydial conjunctivitis and MALTlymphoma, especially in young patients with refractory follicular conjunctivitis, it is advisable to include a set of serological, molecular biology and cytological methods.
Una cronología de episodios científicos revela, cuando arrecia la pandemia por el SARS-COV-2, las ignoradas bondades de los virus. Reflexión de un maestro
Authors: Villanueva Torregroza Daniel
Published: June 2020

Reflexionando alrededor de la pandemia actual, la COVID-19, y de su agente patógeno, el SARS-COV-2, el maestro colombiano que esto escribe, un apasionado por el método científico, se auto cuestionó sobre la bondad de los virus. Como respuesta surge este escrito de divulgación científica que   exhibe evidencias de las bondades de los virus, en especial la que no tiene precio, la generación de conocimiento.  Por estrategia pedagógica la reflexión se presenta como la cronología de algunos hitos científicos acaecidos durante el siglo anterior.
On a Mechanism for the Formation of Spatially Inhomogeneous Structures of Light Waves in Optical Information Transmission Systems
Authors: Kubyshkin Evgenii P. , Kulikov Vladimir A.
Published: June 2020

Spatially inhomogeneous structures of light waves are used as a mechanism of compacting information in optical and fiber-optic communication systems. In this paper, we consider a mathematical model of an optical radiation generator with a nonlinear delayed feedback loop and a stretching (compression) operator of the spatial coordinates of the light wave in a plane orthogonal to the radiation direction. It is shown that the presence of a delay in the feedback loop can lead to the generation of stable periodic spatially inhomogeneous oscillations. In the space of the main parameters of the generator, the spaces of generation of stable spatially non-uniform oscillations are constructed, the mechanism of their occurrence is studied, and approximate asymptotic formulas are constructed.
On the Approximation of the Resource Equivalences in Petri Nets with the Invisible Transitions
Authors: Bashkin Vladimir A.
Published: June 2020

Two resources (submarkings) are called similar if in any marking any one of them can be replaced by another one without affecting the observable behavior of the net (regarding marking bisimulation). It is known that resource similarity is undecidable for general labelled Petri nets. In this paper we study the properties of the resource similarity and resource bisimulation (a subset of complete similarity relation closed under transition firing) in Petri nets with invisible transitions (where some transitions may be labelled with an invisible label (τ) that makes their firings unobservable for an external observer). It is shown that for a proper subclass (p-saturated nets) the resource bisimlation can be effectively checked. For a general class of Petri net with invisible transitions it is possible to construct a sequence of so-called (n, m)-equivalences approximating the largest τ-bisimulation of resources.
Prevalencia de diabetes gestacional en el Hospital Gestionar Bienestar, Zapatoca, Santander 2013 – 2017
Authors: Vergara Camargo Jorge Leonardo
Published: June 2020

Introducción: la diabetes gestacional se define como la hiperglucemia con inicio o primer reconocimiento durante el embarazo. Es una de las complicaciones más comunes del embarazo, con una prevalencia de hasta el 10% en los países desarrollados y con limitada información en población colombiana. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de diabetes gestacional y la frecuencia de los factores de riesgo en pacientes que acudieron al Hospital Gestionar Bienestar de Zapatoca, Santander, entre 2013 y 2017. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal, se trabajó con una muestra de historias clínicas de pacientes que acudieron a controles prenatales al Hospital de Zapatoca, y que culminaron sus gestaciones entre junio 2013 y abril 2017. Resultados: de 297 gestantes registradas, 269 fueron incluidas para determinar la prevalencia de diabetes. En promedio, las participantes empezaron sus controles con 12 ± 0,74 semanas de gestación y edad de 25 ± 0,7 años. La prevalencia de diabetes gestacional fue de 4,46%. El 41,32% de las gestantes empezó controles prenatales con sobrepeso u obesidad según clasificación del estado nutricional de Atalah, encontrándose mayor frecuencia de diabetes en las gestantes con elevado índice de masa corporal y edad materna avanzada. Conclusiones: la prevalencia obtenida en el presente estudio es inferior a la descrita en otros estudios en Latinoamérica. Los resultados sugieren que la edad materna avanzada y el índice de masa corporal alto al inicio de la gestación fueron factores de riesgo para desarrollar diabetes gestacional en esta población. MÉD.UIS. 2018;31(2):17-23.
Medición de la saturación arterial de oxígeno en enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
Authors: Cano Rosales Diana Jimena , Torres-Duque Carlos A
Published: June 2020

La terapia con oxígeno a largo plazo mejoró la supervivencia de los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Las medidas propuestas en las guías clínicas para evaluar la indicación y seguimiento de esta terapia son la presión arterial de oxígeno y la saturación arterial de oxígeno. Se ha generalizado el uso de la oximetría de pulso, pero la información para determinar si estas medidas son intercambiables es insuficiente. El objetivo es revisar los fundamentos fisiológicos de las variables relacionadas con la oxigenación y sus formas de medición. En la evaluación del paciente con patología respiratoria, la saturación de pulso es una ayuda clínica valiosa, sin embargo, sus limitaciones no le permiten, en ciertos rangos, reemplazar la valoración directa en sangre arterial (gasometría arterial) de la saturación arterial y la presión arterial de oxígeno, para determinar la indicación de la oxigenoterapia. MÉD.UIS.2019;32(3):19-25
Duchowa misja uniwersytetu katolickiego według św. Jana Pawła II
Authors: Zarzycki Stanisław T.
Published: June 2020

Uniwersytet jako „jedyny w swoim rodzaju ośrodek twórczej pracy i promieniowania wiedzy, służący dobru ludzkości”, choć wyrasta z tradycji ukształtowanej przez Kościół, we współczesnych społeczeństwach zglobalizowanych znajduje się w kryzysie, gdyż został w dużej mierze uzależniony od myślenia utylitarystycznego i od czynników merkantylistycznych i przekształcony w model służący interesom społecznej i ekonomicznej ewolucji tych społeczeństw. Artykuł jest próbą całościowego określenia misji uniwersytetu katolickiego na podstawie Konstytucji Ex Corde Ecclesiae Jana Pawła II oraz jego przemówień do świata uniwersyteckiego i środowisk kultury. Misja ta polega na: 1) poszukiwaniu „całej prawdy o naturze, o człowieku i o Bogu” odwołując się do wiary i rozumu i ich zdolności czerpania prawdy z dwóch źródeł: objawienia i rzeczywistości stworzonej; 2) tworzeniu wspólnoty opartej na prawdzie, jednej wizji godności człowieka, wartościach chrześcijańskich oraz wychowaniu do dojrzałości chrześcijańskiej i ludzkiej; 3) przygotowaniu studentów do urzeczywistnienia przypadającego im w Kościele i w świecie powołania obejmującego zarówno udział w ewangelizacji kultur jak i budowanie kultury i cywilizacji godnej człowieka.
Concepts of Spirituality at Universities of Today
Authors: Jastrzębski Andrzej
Published: June 2020

Koncepcje duchowości na uniwersytetach dzisiaj

W naszych czasach koncepcja, pojęcie lub rozumienie duchowości weszło w niezwykle dynamiczną fazę. Proces ten można również zaobserwować w sposobie nauczania duchowości na różnych uniwersytetach. Ogólnie mówiąc, w podejściu do studiowania duchowości można wyodrębnić cztery czynniki lub wymiary: ontologiczne albo fenomenologiczne oraz fundamentalne albo pragmatyczne. Celem tego artykułu jest zilustrowanie rozróżnienia naszkicowanego podziału w oparciu o wybrane przykłady programów uniwersyteckich, analiza porównawcza rozumienia duchowości i jej konsekwencji dla programów akademickich.

Jeden z możliwych przyszłych kierunków rozwoju duchowości można przedstawić jako proces stopniowego poszerzania jej rozumienia. Duchowość katolicka stanie się bardziej ekumeniczna (chrześcijańska), a następnie międzyreligijna – obecnie jesteśmy świadkami znaczącego zainteresowania buddyzmem, w końcu nawet niereligijna, tj. obejmująca wszystkie możliwe duchowe doświadczenia człowieka.
Santidad laical y carácter teológico de la secularidad
Authors: Bosch Vicente
Published: June 2020

Świętość świeckich i charakter teologiczny świeckości

Jakiej duchowości potrzebują dzisiaj świeccy? Istnieje dzisiaj wielka potrzeba zrozumienia teologicznego znaczenia „charakteru świeckiego” – specyficznego kolorytu ludzi świeckich. Laik jest chrześcijaninem powołanym do zjednoczenia z Bogiem, do świętości; ktoś, kto żyje w świecie i jego strukturach, a stamtąd jest wezwany do znalezienia Boga w zwykłym życiu – rodziny, pracy, relacji społecznych. Jeśli misja Kościoła polega – wraz ze zbawieniem dusz – na uświęceniu świata, nie można nadal ignorować teologicznego i apostolskiego charakteru codziennej pracy ludzi świeckich pośrodku świata. Jest ona bowiem uświęcona przez Boga oraz uświęcająca. Niezbędne jest zatem docenienie świeckości – uznania powołania i misji świeckich w Kościele. Nauczanie Kościoła przypomina również, że niezbędne jest podniesienie świadomości pasterzy, aby umieli ukazywać wiernym świeckim ich wezwanie do odnowienia świata w Chrystusie.
DO INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP HAVE DOMINANT ROLES IN ECONOMIC GROWTH? A NEW PERSPECTIVE OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Authors: Satrovic Elma , Muslija Adnan , Abul Sadeq J.
Published: June 2020

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the potential causal link between innovation, entrepreneurship activity, and economic growth in the case of nine developed countries over the time-span ranging between 2001 and 2014. The research goal is to examine if the findings of this paper support the endogenous growth theory.

Methodology: This paper has initially explored the stationary properties of the variables. Moreover, the causal links between the variables of interest have been investigated by estimating the panel VAR model (trivariate) employing the GMM framework. This paper also examines the potential causal linkage amid the variables of interest by employing the Granger causality test.

Main Findings: Empirical results suggest that economic growth is found to Granger cause innovation and entrepreneurship activity. These findings emphasize the necessity to take both innovation and entrepreneurship while analyzing the determinants of economic growth since these are found to be interconnected and may play a critical role in the growth of the economy. These findings also support the endogenous growth.

Applications of this study: Outcome of this paper is expected to provide significant insights for decision-makers to make a necessary effort not only to increase the start-up rates in developed countries but also to reduce the informal sector that is likely to occur as a result of start-ups in developing countries jeopardizing developed countries’ competitiveness.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The first contribution of this study to the literature is the examination of cross-sectional dynamics of developed countries’ innovation, entrepreneurship, and economic growth. Secondly, these results indicate that entrepreneurial activity is a proximate cause and should be modelled as the channel through which innovation contributes to economic growth. Thirdly, the data used in this study are more comprehensive.
POOR COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT: A STUDY ON SOCIAL CAPITAL IN MAJALENGKA DISTRICT
Authors: Gunawan Wahyu , Zakaria Saifullah , Humaedi Sahadi , Fadhil Nurdin Muhamad
Published: June 2020

Purpose of the study: This study on poor community empowerment focuses on poverty which is becoming the target group of developers in the Majalengka district. The main problem in poverty reduction is the large number of people living in poverty.

Methodology: This study uses social capital approaches and theories. Also, a qualitative descriptive method is used.

Main Findings: The results show that the program can be carried out with significant changes in community empowerment and proves useful based on the social capital approach. Moreover, the social capital study can enrich social capital applications by strengthening solidarity, relationship and networks. Although the network is still very premature, efforts to develop it are still being made by community groups. The community empowerment program developed by the government is for assistance in the agricultural sector.

Applications of this study: Social capital convergence in community empowerment can be a force to improve welfare and overcome poverty. This study on social capital proves can make an academic contribution to the empowerment of the poor.

Novelty/Originality of this study: To eradicate poverty, the Indonesian government has carried out a variety of methods including The Hope Family Program, hereinafter referred to as PKH and The Urban Poverty Reduction Program as P2KP along with other Central and Regional government programs. However, unfortunately, these programs have not been able to reach all regions, so there are still many areas needing such solutive treatments from the local government. Therefore, the empowerment of poverty requires institutional efforts and togetherness between parties with the poor (integrated approach) as an effort to empower the poor. This paper critically analyses the poverty reduction programs and highlights the problems associated with them.
PERSONALITY AND JOB OUTCOMES: MEDIATION OF ETHICAL IDEOLOGY
Authors: Kaewsaeng-on Rudsada , Iqbal Khan Tariq , Zahid Khan Abdul
Published: June 2020

Purpose: This study aims to theorize new conceptual linkages between two popular paradigms of management research personality (Big Five Trait) and ethics (Ethical Ideology). Big Five personality traits and ethical ideology dimensions (idealism and relativism) relationship with job outcomes such as interpersonal conflict, workplace deviance, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) were proposed.

Methodology: This study adopted a longitudinal field survey design. Data analysis for descriptive, regression, and correlation techniques, was done using SPSS v 17 whereas conduct Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of study variables was done using AMOS v 16.

Main Findings: Results revealed significant association of i) extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness with OCB, ii) Agreeableness and neuroticism with workplace deviance and iii) agreeableness, openness to experience, neuroticism with interpersonal conflict. Moreover, agreeableness was a significant predictor of idealism ethical ideology, neuroticism and openness to experience were significant predictors of relativism ethical ideology. Idealism significantly predicted interpersonal conflict and OCB and relativism significantly predicted workplace deviance and interpersonal conflict. Idealism ethical ideology mediated between extraversion and interpersonal conflict, agreeableness and interpersonal conflict as well as OCB. On the other hand, relativism ethical ideology mediated between openness to experience and interpersonal conflict. Similarly, relativism also mediated between neuroticism and two job outcomes (interpersonal conflict, workplace deviance).

Limitations/ Applications: Future research directions and implications for theory and practice are suggested.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This study explained the conceptual mechanism that individual outcomes of the Big Five traits are determined through the ethical ideology of the respective personality trait; moreover, this study also added empirical evidence in existing OB literature from a unique cultural context i.e., Pakistan.
PEER PRESSURE AND THE USE OF DRUGS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Radetić-Paić Mirjana
Published: June 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the correlation between certain peer pressure characteristics and drug consumption in adolescents. Peer relationships have a key role in the adolescent period. In a negative context, peer pressure can be done in various ways that benefit from the characteristics of growing adolescents, who are often insecure and need a sense of acceptance and belonging.

Methodology: This study adopted a survey method and data was collected from 234 students from the Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Croatia, on peer pressure questionnaires. For analysing the data SPSS was used.

Main Findings: The findings of this study verify the existence of a statistically significant correlation between certain peer pressure characteristics and drug consumption aiming at experiencing the feeling which the rest of the peer group already has.

Implications/ Applications: The value of the results, besides obtaining valuable new indicators based on scientific research methods, is that they offer guidelines for prevention and intervention in cases of various peer problems and problems with the abuse of addictive substances.

The novelty of the Study: Drug consumption has become one of the prevailing problems in adults in the current era. This study is enhancing the literature by investigating the role that peer pressure plays in drug consumption.
DIE DREIFACHE SCHADENSBERECHNUNG BEI DER VERLETZUNG VON IMMATERIALGÜTERRECHTEN UND PERSÖNLICHKEITSRECHTEN IN DEUTSCHLAND, GESCHICHTE UND AKTUELLE PROBLEME
Authors: ARPACI Özge
Published: June 2020

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der dreifachen Schadensberechnung bei der Verletzung von Immaterialgüter- und Persönlichkeitsrechten im Zusammenhang mit ihrer Geschichte und aktuellen Problemen in Deutschland. Hauptsächlich ist die Aufgabe dieser Arbeit, sich mit der Bedeutung -besonders Bereicherungsrecht (Lizenzanalogie) und die Geschäftsführung ohne Auftrag (Herausgabe des Verletzergewinns)–, der geschichtlichen Entwicklung und den rechtlichen, praktischen und aktuellen Problemen der dreifachen Schadensberechnung im Rahmen der schadensrechtlichen Anspruchsrechtsgrundlagen des BGB auseinanderzusetzen. Die dreifache Schadensberechnung ist durch das RG und den BGH im Immaterialgüterrecht schon lange eine anerkannte Methode zur Schadensbemessung. Aber letztlich ist die Anwendung der dreifachen Schadensberechnung auf die Schutzwirkung des Persönlichkeitsrechts zurückzuführen. Der konkrete Schaden ist wegen der Schwierigkeiten des Nachweises und der Bezifferung des Schadens bei Immaterialgüter- und Persönlichkeitsrechten im Bereich nicht von großer Bedeutung. Deswegen entwickelten heutzutage zwei Liquidationsalternativen -Lizenzgebühr und Gewinnherausgabe- weiter. Bezugnehmend auf die Theater- Entscheidung des Reichsoberhandelsgerichts hat sich die dreifache Schadensberechnung zum ersten Mal in der „Ariston“-Entscheidung (1895) begründet. Wie gezeigt, besteht diese Schadensberechnungsmethode seit über einem Jahrhundert, trotzdem sind die dogmatischen Grundlagen der dreifachen Schadensberechnung noch umstritten. Daneben gibt es immer noch ungelöste und klärungsbedürftige Fragen und aktuelle Probleme zum Thema.
SERBEST SEÇİM HAKKI VE KİŞİNİN SİYASAL ETKİNLİKLERİNİN KISITLANMASI SORUNU
Authors: AYDIN Ömür
Published: June 2020

Özü gereği siyasal bir karaktere sahip olan ve bu nedenle, İnsan Hakları Avrupa Sözleşmesi’ndeki (İHAS) diğer haklardan farklı bir nitelikte olan serbest seçim hakkı, günümüzde, Avrupa Konseyi üyesi devletlerin siyasal yapı ve kurumlarının, ulusüstü bir denetim sistemine dâhil edilmesinde önemli bir role sahiptir. Strasbourg organları, geleneksel egemenlik kaygıları nedeniyle bu konuda, uzun yıllar pasif bir tutum sergilemiştir. Ancak 1980’li yılların sonu itibarıyla bir paradigma değişimi yaşandığını ve günümüzde İnsan Hakları Avrupa Mahkemesi’nin (İHAM) seçimlere ve onun alt parametrelerine ilişkin geniş bir içtihada imza attığını görüyoruz. Ancak Avrupa Konseyi üyesi devletlerin farklı tarihsel ve siyasal süreçlerden geliyor olması bu konuda ortak standartlar üretmeyi zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu nedenle de Sözleşme’nin yorumunda zaman zaman kullanılan bir ilke olarak takdir payı doktrini, adeta Mahkeme için kurtarıcı bir anahtar rolü üstlenmiştir. Kişilerin siyasal etkinliklerini sürdürebilme hakkı bu çerçevede Mahkeme’nin içtihat yoluyla geliştirdiği bir hak olup Mahkeme’nin bu hakka dönük çözümlemelerde, “temsilin sürekliliği”, “seçmen iradesinin üstünlüğü”, “haklı beklenti doktrini” gibi ilkelere başvurması, hakkın güvence düzeyini artırmaktadır.
YAPAY ZEKÂNIN VERDİĞİ ZARARDAN DOĞAN SÖZLEŞME DIŞI SORUMLULUĞA UYGULANACAK HUKUK
Authors: GÜNER Cemil
Published: June 2020

Yapay zekâ, teknolojinin ilerlemesiyle birlikte hayatın vazgeçilmez parçası hâline gelmektedir. Bu çerçevede, toplumun her alanında sıklıkla kullanılan yapay zekâ niteliğindeki yazılımlar, sağladığı faydalar yanında zarara da yol açabilmektedir. Yapay zekânın karar ve eylemleriyle neden olduğu zararlardan kaynaklanan özel bir sorumluluk türü ise karşılaştırmalı maddî hukukta ve Türk maddî hukukunda henüz bulunmamaktadır. Yapay zekâ niteliğindeki yazılımların kişiliği olmadığından haksız fiil sorumluluğu da yoktur. Bu sebeple yapay zekânın verdiği zarardan doğan sorumluluk kusursuz sorumluluk kapsamında değerlendirilerek sonuca gidilebilir. Bu cümleden hareketle, yapay zekânın kullanıcısı, sahibi, üreticisi, satıcısı doğacak zarardan sorumlu tutulabilir. Çalışmamızda bu kapsamda kalan yabancı unsurlu uyuşmazlıklara uygulanacak hukuk konusu ayrıntılı olarak ele alınacaktır.
PAYA DAYALI KİTLE FONLAMASINDA KAMUYU AYDINLATMA
Authors: HACIÖMEROĞLU Abdülhamid Oğuzhan
Published: June 2020

Kitle fonlaması, çok sayıda yatırımcıdan küçük miktarlarla para

toplamak için internetin kullanıldığı bir yöntemdir. Genellikle sermaye

temin ederken büyük zorluklarla karşılaşan küçük girişimciler, dünyada

internet erişimiyle yatırım yapacağı parası olan herkese kitle fonlaması

yöntemiyle ulaşabilirler. Kitle fonlaması platformları, bu amacı sağlamak

için bağışlama veya ödül gibi yöntemleri veya paya dayalı kitle fonlaması

modellerini kullanabilmektedir.

Sermaye piyasasının güvenilir, şeffaf, etkin, istikrarlı, adil ve rekabetçi

bir ortamda işleyişinin sağlanmasında, sermaye piyasası araçlarının

değerini, fiyatını veya yatırımcıların yatırım kararlarını etkileyebilecek

nitelikteki bilgi, olay ve durumların kamuya açıklanması önem arz eder.

Bu önemi sebebiyle kamuyu aydınlatma ilkesi, Türk sermaye piyasası

mevzuatında düzenlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, paya dayalı kitle fonlamasıyla

fon toplayan şirketlerin kamuyu aydınlatma yükümlülüğü, kapsam,

içerik ve sorumluluk yönlerinden incelenecektir.
TAŞINMAZ SİMSARLIĞI SÖZLEŞMESİNDE SİMSARIN VE İŞ SAHİBİNİN HUKUKİ DURUMU
Authors: MİRHANOĞULLARI Yusuf Erdem
Published: June 2020

Vekalet sözleşmesi hükümlerinin kural olarak uygulanacağı simsarlık

sözleşmesi, her iki tarafın karşılıklı ve birbirine uygun iradeleri ile ivazlı

bir şekilde iş görme amacına yönelmiş olarak kurulan bir sözleşme tipidir.

Simsar ile iş sahibi arasında karşılıklı bir hak ve borç ilişkisi varsa da, bu

ilişki sürekli bir hukuki bağlantı şeklinde değildir. Yasa gereğince, yazılı

şekilde yapılması zorunluluğu bulunan taşınmaz simsarlığı sözleşmesinde,

simsarın esas borcu, iş sahibi ile üçüncü şahıs arasında arasında aracılık

ederek, sözleşmenin yapılmasına aracılık etmektir. Şüphesiz ki simsar,

bu borcunu, iş sahibinin talimalatları doğrultusunda sadakat ve özenle

yerine getirmeli ve ona hesap vermelidir. İş sahibinin ise esas borcu ve

aynı zamanda simsarın önemli hakkı ise, ücret alacağıdır. Ancak, simsarın

ücrete hak kazanabilmesi için, amaçlanan sözleşmenin kurulması şarttır.
CEZA MUHAKEMESİNDE MAĞDUR VE ŞİKÂYETÇİNİN HAKLARI
Authors: SEÇKİN Mehmet Beyhan
Published: June 2020

Suçun pasif süjesi olarak kabul edilen mağdur, suça konu eylemin

konusunun ait olduğu, suçtan zarar gören şahıs olarak tanımlanmaktadır.

Mağduru veya zarar göreni olduğu suçun soruşturulması için yazılı veya

sözlü başvuruda bulunan kişi ise şikâyetçi olarak adlandırılmaktadır.

Temel insan haklarının hüküm sürdüğü hukuk devletleri, kabul ettikleri

usul kanunları ile suç şüphesi altındaki kişilerin haklarını koruduklarına

göre madalyonun diğer yüzünde bulunan, bu suçun mağdurlarının da

korunması gerekmektedir. Mağdura olan ilgi zamanla “viktimoloji” adlı

yeni bir alanın doğmasına neden olmuştur. Bağımsız olarak gelişme

gösteren bu bilim dalında, sanık haklarına karşın mağdur haklarının

gündeme getirilmesine ilişkin çalışmalar yapılmaktadır.

Türk Ceza Adalet Sisteminde, 1992 yılında yapılan reform ile failin

hakları Avrupa ülkeleri ile uyumlu hale getirilmiş, gerek soruşturma

gerekse kovuşturma evresinde sahip olduğu hakları artırılmıştır. Buna

karşılık zaman içerisinde mağdurun bu haklardan yoksun bırakıldığı

görülmüş, mağdurlar için adaletsiz bir zemin üzerinde yargılama

yapıldığı fark edilmiştir. 2005 yılında yürürlüğe giren 5271 sayılı Ceza

Muhakemesi Kanunu ile mağdur lehine yasal düzenlemeler artırılarak

uygulanmaya başlanmış, suç faili ile suç mağduru arasındaki adaletsizlik

giderilmeye çalışılmıştır. Mağdurlar lehine yapılan düzenlemeler, ceza

muhakemesinde şüpheli veya sanığın karşısında mağdura ayrıcalıklar

tanınmasından ziyade, şüpheli veya sanığa verilen hakların benzerlerinin

Anayasanın 36. maddesinde düzenlenen adil yargılanma hakkına uygun

olacak şekilde mağdurlara da tanınmasını sağlamıştır.
Nilpotent Minimum Logic NM and Pretabularity
Authors: Yang Eunsuk
Published: June 2020

This paper deals with pretabularity of fuzzy logics. For this, we first introduce two systems NMnfp and NM½, which are expansions of the fuzzy system NM (Nilpotent minimum logic), and examine the relationships between NMnfp and the another known extended system NM—. Next, we show that NMnfp and NM½ are pretabular, whereas NM is not. We also discuss their algebraic completeness.
Inf-Hesitant Fuzzy Ideals in BCK/BCI-Algebras
Authors: Jun Young Bae , Song Seok-Zun
Published: June 2020

Based on the hesitant fuzzy set theory which is introduced by Torra in the paper [12], the notions of Inf-hesitant fuzzy subalgebras, Inf-hesitant fuzzy ideals and Inf-hesitant fuzzy p-ideals in BCK/BCI-algebras are introduced, and their relations and properties are investigated. Characterizations of an Inf-hesitant fuzzy subalgebras, an Inf-hesitant fuzzy ideals and an Inf-hesitant fuzzy p-ideal are considered. Using the notion of BCK-parts, an Inf-hesitant fuzzy ideal is constructed. Conditions for an Inf-hesitant fuzzy ideal to be an Inf-hesitant fuzzy p-ideal are discussed. Using the notion of Inf-hesitant fuzzy (p-) ideals, a characterization of a p-semisimple BCI-algebra is provided. Extension properties for an Inf-hesitant fuzzy p-ideal is established.
May the Sea-Battle Tommorow Not Happen?
Authors: Pięta Bożena
Published: June 2020

This note provides a review of the book 'On the Sea-Battle Tomorrow That May Not Happen' by Tomasz Jarmużek.
Wprowadzenie
Authors: Dubas Elżbieta
Published: June 2020

W tekście została zaprezentowana zawartość treściowa kolejnego numeru czasopisma „Nauki o Wychowaniu. Studia Interdyscyplinarne”, ze wskazaniem na kontekst multi/interdyscyplinarnych badań gerontologicznych prowadzonych w Polsce.
Medykalizacja starości na podstawie wybranych przykładów filmowych
Authors: Gałuszka Anita , Probierz Eryka
Published: June 2020

Artykuł podejmuje tematykę zjawiska medykalizacji starości. W procesie medykalizacji następuje zamiana zjawiska naturalnego, rozwojowego, kulturowego czy społecznego w problem medyczny. Zakończeniem tegoż procesu jest moment, w którym dany atrybut powraca do kultury jako kwestia medyczna. Przykładem takiego powrotu jest tendencyjne przedstawianie osób starszych w przestrzeni publicznej, przekazach medialnych, szczególnie w filmach. Dostrzeżenie tego zjawiska jest pierwszym krokiem do bardziej refleksyjnego i krytycznego odbioru propagowanych treści, a w konsekwencji minimalizowania przejawiania zmedykalizowanych postaw wobec seniorów i procesu starzenia się. Celem artykułu jest opis zjawiska medykalizacji starości w filmach. Ze względu na rolę, jaką film odgrywa w modelowaniu postaw, ekspozycja i natężenie pewnych wzorców może pełnić rolę stygmatyzującą dla osób starszych. W celu zbadania, czy takie zjawisko występuje, wybrano 37 filmów i dokonano ich analizy pod względem wyróżnionych aspektów medykalizacji. Praca ma charakter empiryczny, a uzyskane wyniki wskazują na szerokie rozpowszechnienie medykalizacji starości jako motywu filmowego.
The “Existential Turn” in Education as an Answer to Crises Facing an Individual
Authors: Murawska Anna
Published: June 2020

The author characterizes a crisis as a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. She points out the ambivalence of crises, as they can lead to a final catastrophe or create good conditions for transgression. She argues that the absence of crises might be worrying and even pathological, as it may demonstrate the avoidance of challenges and no commitment to one’s development. She refers to Theodor Adorno’s idea of partial education and indicates some of its symptoms. Against that background, some fields of educational activity are discussed. In the author’s opinion, they are essential for restoring the balance disturbed by a crisis as well as for using a crisis for the benefit of one’s development.