bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using policy codesign to achieve multi-sector alignment in adolescent behavioral health: a study protocol
Authors: Walker Sarah Cusworth , Ahrens Kym R. , Owens Mandy D. , Parnes McKenna , Langley Joe , Ackerley Christine , Purtle Jonathan , Saldana Lisa , Aarons Gregory A. , Hogue Aaron , Palinkas Lawrence A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Policymaking is quickly gaining focus in the field of implementation science as a potential opportunity for aligning cross-sector systems and introducing incentives to promote population health, including substance use disorders (SUD) and their prevention in adolescents. Policymakers are seen as holding the necessary levers for realigning service infrastructure to more rapidly and effectively address adolescent behavioral health across the continuum of need (prevention through crisis care, mental health, and SUD) and in multiple locations (schools, primary care, community settings). The difficulty of aligning policy intent, policy design, and successful policy implementation is a well-known challenge in the broader public policy and public administration literature that also affects local behavioral health policymaking. This study will examine a blended approach of coproduction and codesign (i.e., Policy Codesign), iteratively developed over multiple years to address problems in policy formation that often lead to poor implementation outcomes. The current study evaluates this scalable approach using reproducible measures to grow the knowledge base in this field of study.

Methods

This is a single-arm, longitudinal, staggered implementation study to examine the acceptability and short-term impacts of Policy Codesign in resolving critical challenges in behavioral health policy formation. The aims are to (1) examine the acceptability, feasibility, and reach of Policy Codesign within two geographically distinct counties in Washington state, USA; (2) examine the impact of Policy Codesign on multisector policy development within these counties using social network analysis; and (3) assess the perceived replicability of Policy Codesign among leaders and other staff of policy-oriented state behavioral health intermediary organizations across the USA.

Discussion

This study will assess the feasibility of a specific approach to collaborative policy development, Policy Codesign, in two diverse regions. Results will inform a subsequent multi-state study measuring the impact and effectiveness of this approach for achieving multi-sector and evidence informed policy development in adolescent SUD prevention and treatment.
Design and rationale of the Botswana Smoking Abstinence Reinforcement Trial: a protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial
Authors: Bada Florence , Mansfield Megan E. , Okui Lillian , Montebatsi Milton , DiClemente Carlo , Tapera Roy , Ikgopoleng Kaizer , Mokonopi Selebaleng , Magidson Jessica F. , Onukwugha Eberechukwu , Ndwapi Ndwapi , Himelhoch Seth , Mbongwe Bontle , Charurat Man
Published: May 2024

Background

With expanded and sustained availability of HIV treatment resulting in substantial improvements in life expectancy, the need to address modifiable risk factors associated with leading causes of death among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH), such as tobacco smoking, has increased. Tobacco use is highly prevalent among PLWH, especially in southern Africa, where HIV is heavily concentrated, and many people who smoke would like to quit but are unable to do so without assistance. SBIRT (Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment) is a well-established evidence-based approach successful at supporting smoking cessation in a variety of settings. Varenicline is efficacious in supporting smoking cessation. We intend to assess the effectiveness of SBIRT and varenicline on smoking cessation among PLWH in Botswana and the effectiveness of our implementation.

Methods

BSMART (Botswana Smoking Abstinence Reinforcement Trial) is a stepped-wedge, cluster randomized, hybrid Type 2 effectiveness-implementation study guided by the RE-AIM framework, to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of an SBIRT intervention consisting of the 5As compared to an enhanced standard of care. SBIRT will be delivered by trained lay health workers (LHWs), followed by referral to treatment with varenicline prescribed and monitored by trained nurse prescribers in a network of outpatient HIV care facilities. Seven hundred and fifty people living with HIV who smoke daily and have been receiving HIV care and treatment at one of 15 health facilities will be recruited if they are up to 18 years of age and willing to provide informed consent to participate in the study.

Discussion

BSMART tests a scalable approach to achieve and sustain smoking abstinence implemented in a sustainable way. Integrating an evidence-based approach such as SBIRT, into an HIV care system presents an important opportunity to establish and evaluate a modifiable cancer prevention strategy in a middle-income country (MIC) setting where both LHW and non-physician clinicians are widely used. The findings, including the preliminary cost-effectiveness, will provide evidence to guide the Botswanan government and similar countries as they strive to provide affordable smoking cessation support at scale.

Clinical trial registration

NCT05694637 Registered on 7 December 2022 on clinicaltrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?locStr=Botswana&country=Botswana&cond=Smoking%20Cessation&intr=SBIRT
Impact of early physiotherapy intervention in managing homonymous hemianopia due to posterior cerebral artery infarct—a case report
Authors: Abhinandan Abhishek , Chakraverty Sneha , Soumyashree Sonali , Bawiskar Dushyant
Published: May 2024

Homonymous hemianopia field loss can develop as a result of injury to any part of the retro chiasmal visual pathway and is frequently fatal for subjects. The most common cause of homonymous hemianopia in older persons is ischemic infarction of the occipital lobe and its causes are multifactorial, frequently providing a diagnostic challenge to the clinician and signaling the necessity for a thorough systemic health review. Hemianopia is a loss of half of the visual field in each eye in which the inner or nasal half of one eye and the outer or temporal half of the other eye is affected. We report a case of a 72-year-old male subject who visited our department with complaints of weakness on the right side with difficulty seeing on the right side for 3 days. After undergoing various investigations, it was found that there is an acute infarct in the posterior cerebral artery territory supplying the left medial temporal lobe, medial occipital lobe, left thalamus, and splenium of the corpus callosum. After a physiotherapeutic examination provisionally, he was diagnosed with right hemiparesis and homonymous hemianopia, and thus, we administered an early physical therapy intervention which was found to be effective.
Analysis of the influence of water qualities on the strength of concrete
Authors: Mbuh Kuma Moses , Nsahlai Nyuykongi Leonard , Penka Bertrand Jule , Fru Chi Pride
Published: May 2024

Concrete is commonly employed in construction for its tremendous compressive strength, despite its low tensile strength. This study aimed at analyzing the strength of concrete when mixed with water of varying qualities. Before concrete is formulated, tests are done on the aggregates to ascertain the right proportions but not on water used. Dreux-Gorrise concrete formulation method was employed. CAMWATER (tap water), rain water and water from a free-flowing river was used to cast concrete samples after which it was crushed to obtain 7 and 28 day resistances. The water qualities varied were pH and hardness. Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide were used to vary the pH of water. Results showed an increase in concrete strength as a function of increase in water pH. Water with a high pH resulted in concrete with an appreciable strength value while acidic water resulted in very low strength values. The usage of hard water for mixing concrete resulted in a strength value lower than with soft water. Conclusively, water quality has an effect on the strength of concrete. Therefore, it is advisable to use water with a high pH value for mixing concrete, preferring rainwater over tap water when mixing concrete due to hardness of water.
Pitfalls in the Diagnostic Evaluation of Pheochromocytomas
Authors: Fagundes Gustavo F C , Almeida Madson Q
Published: May 2024

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs), rare neuroendocrine tumors arising from chromaffin cells, present a significant diagnostic challenge due to their clinical rarity and polymorphic symptomatology. The clinical cases demonstrate the importance of an integrated approach that combines clinical assessment, biochemical testing, and imaging to distinguish PPGLs from mimicking conditions, such as obstructive sleep apnea and interfering medication effects, which can lead to false-positive biochemical results. Although a rare condition, false-negative metanephrine levels can occur in pheochromocytomas, but imaging findings can give some clues and increase suspicion for a pheochromocytoma diagnosis. This expert endocrine consult underscores the critical role of evaluating preanalytical conditions and pretest probability in the biochemical diagnosis of PPGLs. Moreover, a careful differentiation of PPGLs from similar conditions and careful selection and interpretation of diagnostic tests, with focus on understanding and reducing false positives to enhance diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes, is crucial.
A Scoping Review of Focused Ultrasound Enhanced Drug Delivery for Across the Blood–Brain Barrier for Brain Tumors
Authors: Young Christopher M. , Viña-González Ariel , de Toledo Aguiar Rodrigo Salmeron , Kalman Cheyenne , Pilitsis Julie G. , Martin-Lopez Laura I. , Mahani Tanmay , Pineda-Pardo José A.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Previous mechanisms of opening the blood–brain barrier (BBB) created a hypertonic environment. Focused ultrasound (FUS) has recently been introduced as a means of controlled BBB opening. Here, we performed a scoping review to assess the advances in drug delivery across the BBB for treatment of brain tumors to identify advances and literature gaps.

METHODS:

A review of current literature was conducted through a MEDLINE search inclusive of articles on FUS, BBB, and brain tumor barrier, including human, modeling, and animal studies written in English. Using the Rayyan platform, 2 reviewers (J.P and C.Y) identified 967 publications. 224 were chosen to review after a title screen. Ultimately 98 were reviewed. The scoping review was designed to address the following questions: (1) What FUS technology improvements have been made to augment drug delivery for brain tumors? (2) What drug delivery improvements have occurred to ensure better uptake in the target tissue for brain tumors?

RESULTS:

Microbubbles (MB) with FUS are used for BBB opening (BBBO) through cavitation to increase its permeability. Drug delivery into the central nervous system can be combined with MB to enhance transport of therapeutic agents to target brain tissue resulting in suppression of tumor growth and prolonging survival rate, as well as reducing systemic toxicity and degradation rate. There is accumulating evidence demonstrating that drug delivery through BBBO with FUS-MB improves drug concentrations and provides a better impact on tumor growth and survival rates, compared with drug-only treatments.

CONCLUSION:

Here, we review the role of FUS in BBBO. Identified gaps in the literature include impact of tumor microenvironment and extracellular space, improved understanding and control of MB and drug delivery, further work on ideal pharmacologics for delivery, and clinical use.
Προοπτική κλινική μελέτη της χρήσης αεροθαλάμων επικαλυμμένων με πακλιταξέλη για την αντιμετώπιση των συμπτωματικών στενώσεων κεντρικών φλεβών σε κυκλώματα αιμοκάθαρσης
Authors: Παπαδημάτος Παναγιώτης
Published: May 2024

Σκοπός: Η σύγκριση της πρωτογενούς βατότητας ανάμεσα στη χρήση μπαλονιών επικαλυμμένων με πακλιταξέλη και της συμβατικής αγγειοπλαστικής σε συμπτωματικές κεντρικές φλεβικές στενώσεις σε αιμοκαθαιρόμενους ασθενείς. Υλικά και Μέθοδος: Σε ένα διάστημα 20 μηνών, 40 αιμοκαθαιρόμενοι ασθενείς (19/40 με αυτόλογη αρτηριοφλεβική επικοινωνία [AVFs] και 21/40 με ετερόλογη αρτηριοφλεβική επικοινωνία [AVGs]) τυχαιοποιήθηκαν προκειμένου να υποβληθούν σε αγγειοπλαστική είτε με PCB (ομάδα PCB, n=20; 14/20 άρρενες; ηλικίας: 56.7) είτε συμβατική αγγειοπλαστική (ομάδα CBA, n=20; 15/20 άρρενες; ηλικίας: 57). Υπήρχαν 15/20 επαναστενωτικές βλάβες στην ομάδα PCB και 12/20 στην ομάδα CBA. Σε 25/40 περιπτώσεις στους ασθενείς είχε παλαιότερα τοποθετηθεί κεντρικός φλεβικός καθετήρας ομόπλευρα. Πρωτεύον καταληκτικό σημείο ήταν η σύγκριση του ελεύθερου από κλινική επανεπέμβαση χρόνου (intervention free period, IFP) της ίδιας βλάβης στους 6 μήνες, ενώ δευτερεύοντα καταληκτικά σημεία αποτελούσαν τα ποσοστά επιπλοκών κατά την περίοδο της παρακολούθησης και η ταυτοποίηση παραγόντων που επηρεάζουν την IFP.Αποτελέσματα: Η μέση IFP ήταν σημαντικά καλύτερη υπέρ της ομάδας PCB (ομάδα PCB: 179 ημέρες έναντι ομάδα CBA: 124.5 ημέρες, P = .026). Η μέση περίοδος παρακολούθησης ήταν 180 ημέρες (εύρος, 5-479). Δεν υπήρξε σημαντική διαφορά ανάμεσα σε AVGs και AVFs (P = .17), σε de novo και επαναστενωτικές βλάβες (P = .33), ούτε σε περιπτώσεις προηγούμενης τοποθέτησης καθετήρα (P = .21). Δεν παρατηρήθηκαν επιπλοκές κατά τη διάρκεια της παρακολούθησης. Σε περιπτώσεις επαναστενωτικών βλαβών στην ομάδα PCB, ενώ η διαχρονική σύγκριση ανάμεσα στις δυο θεραπείες ανέδειξε σημαντική διαφορά υπέρ της θεραπείας με PCB (μέση IFP στην ομάδα PCB 177 ημέρες έναντι 91 ημέρες στην ομάδα CBA; P = .01).Συμπεράσματα: Σε αυτήν την τυχαιοποιημένη ελεγχόμενη μελέτη (Randomized Control Trial, RCT), τα PCBs εμφάνισαν σημαντικά καλύτερα ποσοστά έναντι της CBA στην αντιμετώπιση συμπτωματικών κεντρικών φλεβικών στενώσεων σε κυκλώματα αιμοκάθαρσης. Επίσης, σε ασθενείς που στο παρελθόν είχαν αντιμετωπισθεί μόνο με συμβατική αγγειοπλαστική και τώρα αντιμετωπίσθηκαν με PCB, η αναδρομική διαχρονική σύγκριση των δύο θεραπειών στους ίδιους ασθενείς ανέδειξε σημαντική στατιστικά διαφορά υπέρ των PCBs.
Improving the knowledge base of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems’ distribution in the Amendolara Bank (Ionian Sea)
Authors: PALUMMO VALERIA , MILISENDA GIACOMO , PICA DANIELA , CANESE SIMONEPIETRO , SALVATI EVA , SPANÒ NUNZIACARLA , ROMEO TERESA , GRECO SILVESTRO
Published: May 2024

The Amendolara Bank was recently designated as a Site of Community Importance; however, information on its ecosystems remains limited, with a particular dearth of knowledge regarding the deeper zone (>100 m). Previous studies have discovered the existence of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs) within the bank, underscoring the necessity for more comprehensive data and its significance in terms of conservation in the Ionian Sea. This study aims to investigate various aspects of the bank using Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) to shed light on the possible presence of VME indicator species, their relationship with environmental variables, their connection with the observed fish, and to assess anthropogenic impact via the identification of fishing gear within the study area. This present research provides new information on the biodiversity of the Amendolara Bank, revealing the presence of four VME indicator species including the first sightings of black coral Antipathella subpinnata and the precious red coral Corallium rubrum. Moreover, it provides evidence on the interaction between fish fauna and VME indicator species as well as signs of anthropogenic impact from abandoned, lost, or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG). These findings highlight the urgent need for additional research to improve the knowledge base on the biodiversity of this unique spot in the Ionian Sea which would in turn ensure the development and implementation of more effective conservation and management measures.
Το βίντεο ως εκπαιδευτικό μέσο: Βασικές αρχές και τεχνικές σχεδιασμού και υλοποίησης από τον Jack Koumi
Authors: Ρουσάκη Φεβρωνία , Σοφός Αλιβίζος
Published: May 2024

Η συνεχής τεχνολογική εξέλιξη καθιστά σταθερά το εκπαιδευτικό βίντεο στο επίκεντρο των ερευνών τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες, τόσο ως προς την τεχνολογική διάσταση αλλά και ως προς την μεθοδολογία για την εκπαιδευτική αξιοποίησή του. Πρωτοπόρος στο εν λόγω πεδίο είναι αναμφισβήτητα ο Jack Koumi, ο οποίος από τις αρχές της δεκαετίας του 1970 μελετά και πειραματίζεται με το βίντεο ως μέσο στην εκπαίδευση, ξεκινώντας από την προβολή του στην τηλεόραση ως παραγωγός του BBC. Μερικά από τα βασικά σημεία του έργου του, τα οποία παρουσιάζονται συνοπτικά στο παρόν άρθρο, επικεντρώνονται στην παροχή εφαρμοσμένων μεθόδων αποτελεσματικής ανάπτυξης βίντεο και πολυμέσων στην ανοικτή και εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση. Γεφυρώνοντας το χάσμα μεταξύ έρευνας και πρακτικής, προτείνει μεθόδους για το τι μπορεί να διδάσκεται μέσω βίντεο και πώς, καθώς και πότε να επιλέγεται ως εργαλείο και πώς συνδυάζεται με άλλα μέσα. Προτείνει ένα πλαίσιο αρχών παιδαγωγικού σχεδιασμού για βίντεο και πολυμέσα και παρέχει πρακτικές συμβουλές ανάπτυξης βίντεο για διαδραστικά πολυμέσα.
Αναπαραστάσεις Εκπαιδευτικών Δευτεροβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης για τη Διγλωσσία των Προσφύγων Μαθητών/τριών
Authors: Δεληγιάννη Αικατερίνη , Πίτσου Χαρίκλεια , Χριστοδούλου Μιχάλης
Published: May 2024

Η κατανόηση και αξιοποίηση από τους/τις εκπαιδευτικούς της σχέσης διγλωσσίας και μάθησης επιτρέπει τη διαμόρφωση υποστηρικτικού μαθησιακού πλαισίου για την εκμάθηση της γλώσσας του σχολείου και τη διδασκαλία των μαθημάτων μέσω της Ελληνικής ως δεύτερης γλώσσας. Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας ήταν να διερευνήσει τις αναπαραστάσεις εκπαιδευτικών Γυμνασίων για τη διγλωσσία των προσφύγων μαθητών/τριών τους, με έμφαση στην ανάπτυξη της ακαδημαϊκής γλώσσας του σχολείου. Το δείγμα της έρευνας αποτέλεσαν 153 εκπαιδευτικοί όλων των ειδικοτήτων, που υπηρετούν σε Γυμνάσια της επικράτειας, όπου λειτουργούν Τάξεις Υποδοχής (ΤΥ), και διδάσκουν σε πρόσφυγες μαθητές/τριες. Από τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας προέκυψε ότι οι εκπαιδευτικοί, παρά την ευρεία θεώρηση του περιεχομένου της διγλωσσίας, δεν αντιλαμβάνονται τους πρόσφυγες μαθητές/τριες ως δίγλωσσα υποκείμενα. Μολονότι οι δυσκολίες εκμάθησης της ελληνικής εντοπίζονται στην κατανόηση αφηρημένων εννοιών και  τις δεξιότητες του γραπτού λόγου, η πλειονότητα των εκπαιδευτικών υιοθετεί την αρχή της μέγιστης έκθεσης στη γλώσσα στόχο και προκρίνει ως ενδεδειγμένη πρακτική την αποκλειστική χρήση της ελληνικής στον χώρο του σχολείου. Ωστόσο, αρκετοί εκπαιδευτικοί εφαρμόζουν διδακτικές πρακτικές και  παιδαγωγικές μεθόδους που υποστηρίζουν την ακαδημαϊκή ανάπτυξη των προσφύγων μαθητών/τριών.
Υποστηρικτικοί θεσμοί για την εκπαίδευση των παιδιών των προσφύγων
Authors: Διακογεωργίου Αρχοντούλα
Published: May 2024

Το ελληνικό εκπαιδευτικό σύστημα καλείται να προσαρμοστεί στις μεγάλες αλλαγές τις οποίες έχει επιφέρει το προσφυγικό κύμα κατά τα τελευταία χρόνια στην κοινωνική σύνθεση του πληθυσμού. Στο χώρο του σχολείου υλοποιούνται αλλαγές, καθώς  η εκπαίδευση αποτελεί το βασικό πυλώνα της κοινωνικής συνοχής. Βασικός στόχος της εκπαίδευσης είναι  η ένταξη των παιδιών με προσφυγικό υπόβαθρο στην κοινωνική, οικονομική και πολιτιστική ζωή της χώρας και όχι η αφομοίωσή τους. Οι κοινωνικές διαφορές απειλούν τη συνοχή του κοινωνικού ιστού της χώρας υποδοχής και αυξάνει τις δυσκολίες στη ζωή των  προσφύγων. Στο παρόν άρθρο θα παρουσιάσουμε τους θεσμούς για την υποστήριξη των μαθητών- προσφύγων στο σχολείο με ιδιαίτερες αναφορές στις Τάξεις Υποδοχής  και στις Δομές Υποδοχής και Εκπαίδευσης των προσφύγων. Επίσης θα αναφέρουμε τα ζητήματα τα οποία προκύπτουν στο πλαίσιο της λειτουργίας των υποστηρικτικών θεσμών και θα διατυπώσουμε προτάσεις για το διδακτικό υλικό και το διδακτικό προσωπικό το οποίο στελεχώνει Τάξεις Υποδοχής  και στις Δομές Υποδοχής και Εκπαίδευσης των προσφύγων.
Διαγλωσσικότητα και ταυτότητα: friend or gharīb?
Authors: Τσοκαλίδου Luolan (罗兰 ) Ρούλα
Published: May 2024

This paper, titled “Translanguaging and identity: friend or gharīb”, is based on the experiences and challenges of some of the participants in my 2017 research, which led to the book SiDaYes: beyond bilingualism to translanguaging. Here I will attempt to highlight some aspects of being translingual, which I believe can be of interest and will most likely continue to concern us in the future, within the wider field of language and culture contact. Identity issues seem to be core issues within the area of translanguaging, both at an individual and a social level. One of the central notions that is discussed is that of being a ‘gharīb’, or an outsider, which seems to have negative and possible positive aspects, according to the individual experience and the overall context in which languages form a linguistic universe of translanguaging experience. 换句话说，多语言实践不断挑战我们对自我、身份的认知。我们研究这一领域的人需要不断寻求理解身份认同问题的新方法[i]。
Διαπολιτισμική Εκπαίδευση – Σκέψεις και κριτικές επισημάνσεις για το «αντικείμενο» της αναγνώρισης
Authors: Γκόβαρης Χρήστος
Published: May 2024

The question "how to realize the goal of recognizing and acknowledging cultural differences, while avoiding the risk of reproducing stereotypes about the 'other'?" remains of major importance for the theory and practice of Intercultural Education. This question requires clarification regarding "how" exactly we conceptualize "recognition" and, respectively, define its "object". Starting from these findings, this paper deals, in a first step, with three main conceptualizations of recognition by Taylor, Honneth & Stojanov, and by Butler, examining "how" in each case the "object" of recognition and, by extension, the goal of the subject's educational process is defined. In a second step, an attempt is made to correlate the theoretical conclusions with the perspective of the recognition needs of adolescents with an immigrant background, in order to clarify that conceptualization of recognition which can meet both the needs of the subjects and the critical and emancipatory character of Intercultural Education. We conclude that the definition of the "object" of recognition in the case of adolescents with an immigrant background should have as its central reference point their efforts to form a culturally pluralistic self, through the overcoming of social distinctions and separations caused by the dominant ethnic discourse.
Statistical data transformation in agrarian sciences for variance analysis: a systematic review
Authors: Nascimento Jhennifer , Silva Jonas , Cupertino Bernardes Rodrigo , Costa Guilherme , Emiliano Paulo
Published: May 2024

In statistical analyses, a common practice for enhancing the validity of variance analysis is the application of data transformation to convert measurements into a different mathematical scale. This technique was first employed in 1898 by Edgeworth and remains relevant in current scientific publications despite the proliferation of more modern and advanced techniques that obviate the need for certain assumptions. Data transformations, when appropriately used, can make the model error terms approximate a normal distribution. It is also possible to use the technique to correct the heterogeneity of variances or to render an additive model, ensuring the validity of the analysis of variances. Given that this technique can be hastily applied, potentially leading to erroneous or invalid results, we conducted a systematic literature review of studies in the field of agrarian sciences that utilized data transformations for the validation of analysis of variances. The aim was to check the transformations employed by the scientific community, the motivation behind their use, and to identify possible errors and inconsistencies in applying the technique in publications. In this study, we identified shortcomings and misconceptions associated with using this method, and we observed incomplete and inadequate utilization of the technique in 94.28% of the analysed sample, resulting in misguided and erroneous conclusions in scientific research outcomes.
The genome sequence of the Winter Shade, Tortricodes alternella [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775
Authors: Crowley Liam M. , Morley Lucy M. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: May 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Tortricodes alternella (the Winter Shade; Arthropoda; None; Lepidoptera; Tortricidae). The genome sequence is 441.2 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 22 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.73 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 17,280 protein coding genes.
Effect of pitavastatin on erythrocyte membrane fatty acid content in patients with chronic kidney disease: two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kim Minna , Kim Seong Eun , Lee Su Mi , An Won Suk
Published: May 2024

Background: Statins reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although diabetes mellitus (DM) is a reported side effect of statin treatment, some studies have indicated that pitavastatin does not cause DM. The present study investigated the effect of pitavastatin on the fatty acid (FA) content of erythrocyte membranes, which affects the occurrence of DM and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, changes in adiponectin and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were evaluated after pitavastatin treatment. Methods: A total of 45 patients were enrolled, 28 of whom completed the study. Over 24 weeks, 16 patients received 2 mg pitavastatin and 12 patients received 10 mg atorvastatin. Dosages were adjusted after 12 weeks if additional lipid control was required. There were 10 and nine patients with DM in the pitavastatin and atorvastatin groups, respectively. Erythrocyte membrane FAs and adiponectin levels were measured using gas chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.Results: In both groups, saturated FAs, palmitic acid, trans-oleic acid, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower than those at baseline. The arachidonic acid (AA) content in the erythrocyte membrane increased significantly in the pitavastatin group, but adiponectin levels were unaffected. HbA1c levels decreased in patients treated with pitavastatin. No adverse effects were associated with statin treatment. Conclusion: Pitavastatin treatment in patients with CKD may improve glucose metabolism by altering erythrocyte membrane AA levels. In addition, pitavastatin did not adversely affect glucose control in patients with CKD and DM.
Przepisy zakresie hipotetycznych kosztów finansowania (NID) – 5 lat obowiązywania regulacji
Authors: Rutkowska-Barnaś Karolina
Published: May 2024

Artykuł dotyczy obowiązujących już od ponad pięciu lat, regulacji pozwalających na uwzględnienie w wyniku podatkowym, hipotetycznych odsetek związanych z tzw. finansowaniem wewnętrznym, w drodze wniesienia dopłat oraz przeznaczania wypracowanego zysku na kapitał rezerwowy lub zapasowy. W artykule zaprezentowano wątpliwości jakie się pojawiają ze stosowaniem przedmiotowych regulacji, wniosek de lege ferenda dotyczący występujących nieścisłości w tym zakresie, jak również analizę w zakresie tzw. małej klauzuli antyabuzywnej.
Sukcesja prawa do zastosowania się do interpretacji indywidualnej przepisów prawa podatkowego i ochrony z niej wynikającej
Authors: Szczepańska Karolina
Published: May 2024

Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy problemu sukcesji prawa do zastosowania się do interpretacji indywidualnej oraz ochrony przysługującej na jej podstawie. Możliwość skorzystania następcy prawnego z interpretacji oraz bezpieczeństwo i gwarancja ochrony, przysługujące na mocy art. 14k - 14m o.p.  to zagadnienie, które mimo licznych wyroków, wzbudza wiele kontrowersji. Zarówno w orzecznictwie jak i wśród przedstawicieli doktryny występują przeciwstawne stanowiska w kwestii tego jak należy interpretować wskazane w art. 93 § 1 o.p. wstąpienie „we wszelkie" przewidziane w przepisach prawa podatkowego prawa i obowiązki każdej z łączących się osób lub spółek. Rozbieżności i ograniczenia w tym zakresie utrudniają podatnikom ułożenie i zaplanowanie w sposób bezpieczny znaczących podatkowo przedsięwzięć, zwłaszcza dotyczących prowadzonej działalności gospodarczej. W artykule poza zasadami sukcesji praw wynikających z interpretacji indywidualnej przedstawiono także podstawowe informacje na jej temat oraz ogólne rozważania dotyczące charakteru interpretacji.
Development of Smart Cities and On-line Public Services Due to Quality of the Citizens’ Criminal Policy Protection
Authors: Kostić Miomira P.
Published: May 2024

The term smart city was first used in the nineties of the 20th century, and then the focus was on the application of innovative technologies as part of modern infrastructure within cities. Nowadays, a smart city means an instrumented, interconnected and intelligent city. European cities are not sufficiently tolerable, inclusive or productive for the needs of the modern age. Smart cities of the present and future should improve social life, but also, for example, the organization of public transport. In addition, the policy of developing smart cities should prevent difficulties rather than find ways to solve them. The aging of the European population, the integration of migrants, social exclusion and the unsustainability of the natural environment, as well as unemployment, delinquency and a weak local economy are seen as pressing difficulties. Human and social ecology describes the relationships between people who share the same habitat or local territory, and these relationships are clearly related to the character of the territory itself. It is, in fact, learning about social structure in relation to the local environment. So sociologists, in the later years of the 20th century, included ecology in studies of social development and the evolution of human institutions, and widely incorporated that concept from the domain of natural sciences into the domain of social sciences. Representatives of the Chicago School of Criminology, in the concept of ecological theory, argued that there is a connection between school absenteeism, younger adult offenders, child mortality, tuberculosis, mental disorders, as well as other factors, such as the level of delinquency and criminality of adults and minors. The development of smart cities, by itself, will not eliminate delinquency. Therefore, it is necessary to consider a special concept of crime prevention, which would primarily refer to the prevention of criminal behavior within a community, within the city.
Big data a bordo: gobernanza y seguridad para el marino en Colombia
Authors: Sánchez Beltrán Carlos Vitaliano
Published: May 2024

En este capítulo se describe el contexto de la seguridad marítima integral con el auge del big data, su utilidad frente a la ocurrencia de fenómenos naturales, climáticos y atmosféricos, la creciente incidencia de diversas actividades humanas en los espacios marinos, el conocimiento y gestión de los ecosistemas y el control del crimen transnacional organizado. Adicionalmente, se indican las aplicaciones marineras del big data en los retos para la transformación digital institucional, el fortalecimiento y la protección de la soberanía de los Estados nacionales y la cooperación de la sociedad civil con las autoridades nacionales y los organismos multilaterales.
Biomimética
Authors: Turbay Noguera Julio César
Published: May 2024

El presente capítulo aborda la biomimética como la ciencia que permite innovar en tecnologías inspiradas en la naturaleza y que, a su vez, conduce a pensar en el comportamiento de las organizaciones. Se describen casos de innovación aplicados en diseños y materiales para la industria marítima, naval, militar y civil, la industria de la salud, la innovación organizacional y tecnologías como el sistema de transporte coloidal y la Tubercle Technology, entre otros.
Blockchain: conceptos y aplicaciones
Authors: Penagos Bonilla Daniel Andrés
Published: May 2024

El presente capítulo comprende los aspectos fundamentales sobre blockchain junto con el concepto de modelo descentralizado y distribuido. Así mismo, se describen algunas funciones como algoritmos de hash, criptografía asimétrica, firma digital, red de pares y mecanismo de consenso. Del mismo modo, se conceptualizan los tipos de blockchain público y privado y se consideran las implementaciones de blockchain como contratos inteligentes, cadena de suministro, sistemas para evitar fraudes o sistema de intercambio de información en salud, entre otros. Finalmente, se dan algunas recomendaciones para la utilización de blockchain en la Armada de la República de Colombia.
Las nuevas capacidades adecuadas para la trasformación digital
Authors: Estrada Villarreal Juan Pablo
Published: May 2024

En el presente capítulo se caracterizan las actitudes y aptitudes de las que debe disponer un líder digital en la organización con escenarios 4.0. A su vez, se identifican numerosas herramientas tecnológicas que fortalecen el desarrollo de las capacidades necesarias para los procesos de transformación.
Incentivizing Organ Donation Under Different Priority Rules: The Role of Information
Authors: Li Mengling , Riyanto Yohanes E.
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the incentive to register for deceased organ donation under alternative organ allocation priority rules, which may prioritize registered donors and/or patients with higher valuations for organ transplantation. Specifically, the donor priority rule grants higher priority on the organ waiting list to those who have previously registered as donors. The dual-incentive priority rules allocate organs based on donor status, followed by individual valuations within the same donor status, or vice versa. Both theoretical and experimental results suggest that the efficacy of the donor priority rule and the dual-incentive priority rules critically depends on the information environment. When organ transplantation valuations are unobservable prior to making donation decisions, the hybrid dual-incentive rules generate higher donation rates. In contrast, if valuations are observable, the dual-incentive priority rules create unbalanced incentives between high- and low-value agents, potentially undermining the efficacy of the hybrid dual-incentive rules in increasing overall donation rates.

This paper was accepted by Marie Claire Villeval, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72173103, 72373127, and 71988101], the Singapore Ministry of Education (MOE) Academic Research Fund Tier 1 [RG57/20], and the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research of Computation and Economics (Shanghai University of Finance and Economics), Ministry of Education of China.

Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01530 .
Bidder-Specific Synergies and the Evolution of Acquirer Returns
Authors: Dessaint Olivier , Eckbo B. Espen , Golubov Andrey
Published: May 2024

Largely constant average acquirer returns over the past four decades mask fundamental changes in the takeover market. Controlling for bidder composition, the common component of acquirer returns has increased by five percentage points relative to the 1980s. Offsetting this increase, the average bidder-specific component has declined. We propose a theory of bidder-specific synergies to help interpret these opposing trends. In our theory and in the data, acquirer returns increase with the extent to which synergies are unique to that bidder. The composition effect reflects bidder uniqueness. Overall, the evidence is consistent with rising merger synergies that have become less bidder specific.

This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance.

Funding: A. Golubov acknowledges financial support from the Bank of Canada [Governor’s Award].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02208 .
Is Blockholder Diversity Detrimental?
Authors: Schwartz-Ziv Miriam , Volkova Ekaterina
Published: May 2024

We find that, overall, blockholder diversity, i.e., the firm shareholder base including several different types of blocks, is detrimental to firm performance. We show that lagged disclosure, on exogenous predetermined dates, that reveals an increase in block diversity is followed by a negative market reaction. Firms held by heterogeneous blockholders consistently perform worse than firms held by homogeneous blockholders. Block diversity is particularly detrimental when uncertainty is high. Disagreement among shareholders (e.g., as reflected in the frequency of lawsuits being filed) increases when the blockholder base is diverse. We make our blockholder data set public for the benefit of other researchers.

This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance.

Funding: This work was supported by the Israel Science Foundation [Grant 264/20], the Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Melbourne [Grant ECR00009FNL], and the Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand [Grant 2020-033].

Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00528 .
MULLER-WEISS DISEASE: PROPOSED CLASSIFICATION AND TREATMENT ALGORITHM
Authors: McKenna R. , Wong J. , Tucker A.
Published: May 2024

Muller-Weiss disease is an uncommon condition with unclear etiology and no gold standard treatment. The question arises; which joints to fuse? Although no consensuses prevail, one must postulate fusion should include those affected. Consequently, to establish an algorithm for its surgical management we set out to study clinical and radiographic features with use of SPECT-CT and a literature review.

57 consecutive feet presenting with Muller-Weiss disease analysed; 15 men, 25 women, age 22–84. Condition bilateral in 17, left side 16, right in 7 patients. Specific history and examination by senior author. Radiographic series and SPECT-CT obtained with surgery performed on significantly symptomatic feet. Measurements of Meary-Tomeno angles, anteroposterior thickness of navicular at the midpoint of each naviculo-cuneiform, alongside the medial extrusion distance and percentage of compression in each case performed. Poor correlation between Meary's angle and 1) degree of compression at naviculo-cuneiform joints, 2) degree of extrusion 3) compression vs extrusion using R2 coefficient of determination (invalidating Maceira et al. classification). In unilateral cases, extrusion significantly greater on affected side 94.7% (P< 0.001 Fisher exact test). Degree of extrusion significantly greater in bilateral than unilateral cases (p=0.004 unpaired T test). Valgus hindfoot and Meary's negative most common pattern with no correlation between heel alignment and Meary's R2 = 0.003. SPECT-CT useful to determine subtalar involvement in ‘stage 2 disease.’

Following review of cases and published literature we propose the following classification for Muller-Weiss disease with treatment algorithm. 3 Stage delineation; Stage 1 (Normal hindfoot alignment); 1A. Talonavicular disease only - Isolated Talonavicular arthrodesis 1B. Talonavicular + Subtalar; double medial or triple arthrodesis. Stage 2. Talonavicular + Naviculocuneiform; 2A. Adequate bone stock - Talo-naviculo-cuneiform arthrodesis, 2B. Inadequate bone stock +- subtalar disease; Talo-naviculo-cuneiform arthrodesis with tricortical bone graft (Mayich). Stage 3; Asymmetric ankle varus. Pantalar arthrodesis Double/triple/TNC/TAR arthrodesis with hindfoot re-alignment.
Evaluation of the Reliability of a Standby Redundancy System Under Real Conditions
Authors: Guesmi Hedi A. , Madbouly Sayed O.
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a novel analysis of a standby redundancy system under real conditions. The study considers the presence of a real commutator and failure detector in the system. Through a comprehensive failure mode analysis, mathematical relationships between different module characteristics are established. The results of investigation provide valuable insights for manufacturers, allowing them to evaluate the Mean Time To Failure (MTTF) of the system during the design phase and make informed decisions regarding the selection of failure rates for the detector and commutator. Overall, this work contributes to the effective operation of standby redundancy systems in practical applications.
The challenges facing educational institutions in meeting the educational needs of students
Authors: Banaszak Artur
Published: May 2024

The right to education is one of the basic human rights guaranteed by international and many national regulations. According to Article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international law regulations in the national laws of many different countries, education is one of the fundamental human rights. Therefore, the biggest and most important challenge related to education is access to education for everyone it means taking actions to make this right a reality and work for everyone, everywhere. The aim of these studies is to present the most important challenges that educational institutions face in the process of meeting the educational needs of students.
Relationships in the family of a child with autism
Authors: Miłek Katarzyna
Published: May 2024

The article is an analysis of psychosocial relations in the family of a child with autism. The family of a child with autism goes through the stages of re-evaluation of expectations towards the child, the relationships between siblings and parents change. They intensify periods of emotional uncertainty, crisis situations, seeking confirmation or rejection of a diagnosis. The period of learning to live with one’s and the whole family’s problem determines the effectiveness of the search, the results of therapy, the quality of relationships in the family and the immediate environment, which is necessary in the everyday-unusual dimension of the child’s development. Knowledge of the subject and high empathy of educators working with children with autism (and parents of children functioning correctly in terms of psychosocial) is the key to supporting their development and supporting the development of family relationships.
Multiphonon-coupling yellow laser in Yb:La2CaB10O19 crystal
Authors: Cheng Yanling , Liang Fei , Feng Jingcheng , Zhang Guochun , Lu Dazhi , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin , Wu Yicheng
Published: May 2024

Yellow lasers at 590 nm have many extensive applications in our daily life, but extremely difficult to attain by traditional solid-state laser technology, owing to the absence of highly-efficient transition channels at this spectral range. In this work, we proposed a cooperative lasing mechanism to obtain the yellow light emission, with multiphonon-assisted electronic transitions and phase-matched frequency-doubling. Based on the predictable configurational coordinate model, we can calculate the multiphonon-assisted emission step-by-step. Using Yb3+-doped La2CaB10O19 crystal as an example, it is capable of producing yellow laser at 581–590 nm, with a maximum output power of 4.83 W and a high slope efficiency of 31.6%. To the best of our knowledge, it represents the highest power of solid-state yellow laser realized in one single crystal pumped by a laser diode. This power scaling can be assigned to the amplified phonon-assisted emission beyond the fluorescence spectrum, and optimized crystal angle for phase-matching condition. Such a compact, low-cost, and high-power laser device, provides an alternative candidate for the spectral “yellow-gap” where no practical solid-state laser exists at present.
Few-cycle, mJ-level, mid-wave infrared pulses generated via post-compression of a chirped pulse amplifier
Authors: Alphonse Marra Z. , Wu Yi , Belden Nicholas , Chang Zenghu
Published: May 2024

Few-cycle pulses were generated by passing a beam from a cryogenically cooled Fe:ZnSe chirped-pulse amplifier (CPA) at a repetition rate of 400 Hz through a gas-filled hollow core fiber (HCF) followed by dispersion-compensating bulk CaF2. The krypton-filled fiber at 370 kPa yielded 1.14-mJ, 42-fs pulses centered at 4.07 µm, while the oxygen-filled fiber at 310 kPa delivered 0.78-mJ, 39-fs pulses spanning from 3 to 5.5 µm. This work is a step toward a high repetition rate mid-wave infrared driver of isolated attosecond keV x-ray pulses.
Excitation power-dependent multicolor upconversion in NaLnF4:Er3+ under 1532 nm irradiation for anti-counterfeiting application
Authors: You Wenwu , Zhang Chennan , Yu Ruoxi , Zhang Xiaomin , Li Jiacai , Li Mingxing , Xu Zhili , Fan Pingping , Pan Gencai , Mao Yanli
Published: May 2024

Upconversion (UC) materials are renowned for their ability to convert low-energy photons into high-energy ones. The manipulation of parameters allows for the observation of multicolored UC luminescence (UCL) within a single material system. While modulation of multicolored UCL commonly relies on excitation at approximately 980 nm, investigation into multicolored UC materials activated by a 1532 nm excitation source remains comparatively scarce. In this work, we introduce NaLnF4:Er3+ as a novel class of smart luminescent materials. When the power density of a 1532 nm laser increases from 0.5 to 20.0 W/cm2, the emission peak positions remain unchanged, but the red-to-green (R/G) ratio decreases significantly from 18.82 to 1.48, inducing a color shift from red to yellow and ultimately to green. In contrast, no color variation is observed when NaLnF4:Er3+ is excited with a 980 nm laser at different power densities. This power-dependent multicolored UCL of NaLnF4:Er3+ excited at 1532 nm can be attributed to the competitive processes of upward pumping and downward relaxation of electrons on the 4I9/2 level of Er3+. By utilizing the unique UC characteristics of NaLnF4:Er3+, its potential utility in anti-counterfeiting applications is demonstrated. Our research highlights the distinctive optical properties of NaLnF4:Er3+ and provides novel insights into the use of luminescent materials in optical anti-counterfeiting technologies.
Optical diffractive neural network imaging through double diffusive mediums
Authors: Wang Jialong , Chai Shouyu , Gu Wenting , Li Boyi , Liu Xin
Published: May 2024

The optical diffractive neural network (ODNN) offers the benefits of high-speed parallelism and low energy consumption. This kind of method holds great potential in the task of reconstructing diffusive images. In this work, we capture a double-scattering dataset by designing optical experiments and use it to evaluate the image reconstruction capability of the constructed ODNNs under more complex scattering scenarios. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient, which is used as a quantitative index of the reconstruction performance, shows that the constructed diffractive networks enable to achieve high performance in the direct recovery of double-scattering data, as well as in the recovery task of stitching images based on two different kinds of double-scattering data. Meanwhile, due to the high redundancy of valid information in the speckle patterns of scattering images, even if parts of the information in the speckle patterns are blocked, the constructed diffractive networks can also show high reconstruction performance without retraining. The capability of the proposed ODNN to reconstruct double-scattering images indicates that the optical diffractive network has the potential to bring transformative applications in more complex scattering scenarios.