bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ventricular non‐compaction cardiomyopathy: prenatal diagnosis and pathology
Authors: Tian Leiqi , Zhou Qichang , Zhou Jia , Zeng Shi , Cao Danming , Zhang Ming
Published: October 2014

Objective

The objective of this study is to evaluate the prenatal diagnosis of ventricular non‐compaction cardiomyopathy (NCCM) and to report the pathologic features and the characteristic myocardial ultrastructure of fetal NCCM.

Method

We examined nine cases of fetal NCCM by prenatal echocardiography from 2004 to 2013. These cases were evaluated with respect to prenatal diagnosis, outcomes, pathology, and characteristics of the myocardial ultrastructure.

Results

Trabeculated myocardium and non‐compaction/compaction ratio (N/C ratio) ≥2.0 is the echocardiographic feature that allowed diagnosis. Among the nine fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis of NCCM, six were diagnosed with left ventricular non‐compaction (LVNC), two with non‐compaction of both ventricles (biventricular NCCM), and one with right ventricular non‐compaction. Among the nine fetuses, the LVNC diagnosis was confirmed by postnatal echocardiography in 2; the other patients chose to terminate their pregnancies, and those cases were confirmed at autopsy. Muscle biopsies were performed on three of the aborted fetuses, and abnormal mitochondria, sarcomeres, and myocardial fibers were observed.

Conclusion

Non‐compaction can be identified in the fetus. Fetal non‐compaction most often involves the left ventricle, but can involve the right ventricle or both ventricles. The myocardial ultrastructure of fetal ventricular non‐compaction has certain unique characteristics regarding the maturation of the mitochondria, sarcomeres, and myocardial fibers. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochemical Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotube energy transfer complexes
Authors: Hatting Benjamin , Ernst Friederike , Reich Stephanie
Published: October 2014

We present electrochemical Raman measurements on energy transfer complexes formed by combining single‐walled carbon nanotubes and dye molecules. The presence of the dye molecules in the proximity of the nanotubes impacts the nanotubes’ charging behavior, leading to changes in the position of the charge neutrality point and the maximum achievable doping strength. We compare these results to spectra acquired in solution and determine the corresponding Fermi energy shifts, which are found to be similar in the energy transfer complexes and a reference sample. Our results have implications for the photoluminescence enhancement/quenching previously observed in these energy transfer complexes.

Electrochemical G‐mode Raman spectra at a gate voltage of −1.1 V showing much larger doping strength for the reference sample than for the energy transfer complexes, as seen in the higher‐frequency and narrower peak.
Mass spectrometric de novo sequencing of natural non‐tryptic peptides: comparing peculiarities of collision‐induced dissociation (CID) and high energy collision dissociation (HCD)
Authors: Samgina Tatyana Yu. , Vorontsov Egor A. , Gorshkov Vladimir A. , Artemenko Konstantin A. , Zubarev Roman A. , Lebedev Albert T.
Published: October 2014

RATIONALE

Mass spectrometry has shown itself as the most efficient tool for the sequencing of peptides. However, de novo sequencing of novel natural peptides is significantly more challenging in comparison with the same procedure applied for the tryptic peptides. To reach the goal in this case it is essential to select the most useful methods of triggering fragmentation and combine complementary techniques.

METHODS

Comparison of low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID) and higher energy collision‐induced dissociation (HCD) modes for sequencing of the natural non‐tryptic peptides with disulfide bonds and/or several proline residues in the backbone was achieved using an LTQ FT Ultra Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany) equipped with a 7 T magnet and an LTQ Orbitrap Velos ETD (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany) instrument. Peptide fractions were obtained by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation of frog skin secretion samples from ten species of Rana temporaria, caught in the Kolomna district of Moscow region (Russia).

RESULTS

HCD makes the b/y series longer and more pronounced, thus increasing sequence coverage. Fragment ions due to cleavages at the C‐termini of proline residues make the sequencing more reliable and may be used to detect missed cleavages in the case of tryptic peptides. Another HCD peculiarity involves formation of pronounced inner fragment ions (secondary ynbm ion series formed from the abundant primary y‐ions). Differences in de novo sequencing of natural non‐tryptic peptides with CID and HCD, involving thorough manual expert interpretation of spectra and two automatic sequencing algorithms, are discussed.

CONCLUSIONS

Although HCD provides better results, a combination of CID and HCD data may notably increase reliability of de novo sequencing. Several pairs of b2/a2‐ions may be formed in HCD, complicating the spectra. Automatic de novo sequencing with the available programs remains less efficient than the manual one, independently of the collision energy Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A secure and efficient ECC‐based user anonymity preserving single sign‐on scheme for distributed computer networks
Authors: Odelu Vanga , Das Ashok Kumar , Goswami Adrijit
Published: October 2014

A user authentication in the distributed computer networks (DCNs) plays a crucial rule to verify whether the user is a legal user and can therefore be granted access to the requested services to that user. In recent years, several RSA‐based single sign‐on mechanisms have been proposed in DCNs. However, most of them cannot preserve the user anonymity when possible attacks occur. The user devices are usually battery limited (e.g., cellular phones) and the elliptic‐curve cryptosystem is much efficient than RSA cryptosystem for the battery‐limited devices. In this paper, we aim to propose a new secure elliptic‐curve cryptosystem‐based single sign‐on mechanism for user authentication and key establishment for the secure communications in a DCNs using biometric‐based smart card. In our scheme, a user only needs to remember a private password and his or her selected unique identity to authenticate and agree on a high‐entropy cryptographic one‐time session key with a provider to communicate over untrusted public networks. Through formal and informal security analysis, we show that our scheme prevents other known possible attacks. In addition, we perform simulation on our scheme for the formal security verification using the widely‐accepted Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications tool. The simulation results ensure that our scheme is secure against replay and man‐in‐the‐middle attacks. Furthermore, our scheme provides high security along with lower computational cost and communication cost, and as a result, our scheme is much suitable for the battery‐limited devices as compared to other related RSA‐based schemes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal allocation of resources in a biomarker setting
Authors: Rosner Bernard , Hendrickson Sara , Willett Walter
Published: October 2014

Nutrient intake is often measured with substantial error both in commonly used surrogate instruments such as a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and in gold standard‐type instruments such as a diet record (DR). If there is a correlated error between the FFQ and DR, then standard measurement error correction methods based on regression calibration can produce biased estimates of the regression coefficient (λ) of true intake on surrogate intake. However, if a biomarker exists and the error in the biomarker is independent of the error in the FFQ and DR, then the method of triads can be used to obtain unbiased estimates of λ, provided that there are replicate biomarker data on at least a subsample of validation study subjects. Because biomarker measurements are expensive, for a fixed budget, one can use a either design where a large number of subjects have one biomarker measure and only a small subsample is replicated or a design that has a smaller number of subjects and has most or all subjects validated. The purpose of this paper is to optimize the proportion of subjects with replicated biomarker measures, where optimization is with respect to minimizing the variance of . The methodology is illustrated using vitamin C intake data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study where plasma vitamin C is the biomarker. In this example, the optimal validation study design is to have 21% of subjects with replicated biomarker measures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The contingent effects of differentiation and integration on corporate entrepreneurship
Authors: Burgers J. Henri , Covin Jeffrey G.
Published: October 2014

This paper develops a contingency view regarding the effects of structural differentiation and integration on levels of corporate entrepreneurship. Integrating notions of benefits and costs resulting from integration with structural contingency theory, we argue that the joint effects of structural differentiation and integration on corporate entrepreneurship levels are moderated by organizational size and environmental dynamism. Our findings from a time‐separated sample demonstrate that in smaller organizations and more dynamic environments, the positive effects of integration on the structural differentiation‐corporate entrepreneurship relationship strongly diminish. As such, with this research we begin to identify contingencies that influence the corporate entrepreneurship levels observed among firms striving to balance the needs for structural differentiation and integration. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning from biology: synthetic lipoproteins for drug delivery
Authors: Huang Huang , Cruz William , Chen Juan , Zheng Gang
Published: October 2014

Synthetic lipoproteins represent a relevant tool for targeted delivery of biological/chemical agents (chemotherapeutics, siRNAs, photosensitizers, and imaging contrast agents) into various cell types. These nanoparticles offer a number of advantages for drugs delivery over their native counterparts while retaining their natural characteristics and biological functions. Their ultra‐small size (<30 nm), high biocompatibility, favorable circulation half‐life, and natural ability to bind specific lipoprotein receptors, i.e., low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and Scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SRB1) that are found in a number of pathological conditions (e.g., cancer, atherosclerosis), make them superior delivery strategies when compared with other nanoparticle systems. We review the various approaches that have been developed for the generation of synthetic lipoproteins and their respective applications in vitro and in vivo. More specifically, we summarize the approaches employed to address the limitation on use of reconstituted lipoproteins by means of natural or recombinant apolipoproteins, as well as apolipoprotein mimetic molecules. Finally, we provide an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches and discuss future perspectives for clinical translation of these nanoparticles. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2015, 7:298–314. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1308

This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging

Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Increase of methane formation by ethanol addition during continuous fermentation of biogas sludge
Authors: Refai Sarah , Wassmann Kati , van Helmont Sebastian , Berger Stefanie , Deppenmeier Uwe
Published: October 2014

Very recently, it was shown that the addition of acetate or ethanol led to enhanced biogas formation rates during an observation period of 24 h. To determine if increased methane production rates due to ethanol addition can be maintained over longer time periods, continuous reactors filled with biogas sludge were developed which were fed with the same substrates as the full-scale reactor from which the sludge was derived. These reactors are well reflected conditions of a full-scale biogas plant during a period of 14 days. When the fermenters were pulsed with 50–100 mM ethanol, biomethanation increased by 50–150 %, depending on the composition of the biogas sludge. It was also possible to increase methane formation significantly when 10–20 mM pure ethanol or ethanolic solutions (e.g. beer) were added daily. In summary, the experiments revealed that “normal” methane production continued to take place, but ethanol led to production of additional methane.
Brief report: The association between adolescents' characteristics and engagement in sexting
Authors: Van Ouytsel Joris , Van Gool Ellen , Ponnet Koen , Walrave Michel
Published: October 2014

The potential emotional and legal consequences of adolescents' engagement in sending sexually explicit pictures through the internet or the mobile phone (i.e., sexting) have caused significant concern about the behavior among practitioners and academics. The present study compares the characteristics of students who engage in sexting to those who do not. A survey among 1028 adolescents of 11 secondary schools in Belgium was administered. Logistic regression analyses suggest that sexting is significantly linked with sensation seeking, experiential thinking styles and depression, while controlling for gender, age, family status and students' response to economic stress. The results are of importance to practitioners who could adapt their prevention and intervention campaigns to better reach this complex youth. Differences with the findings of previous studies highlight the importance of continuing research on sexting and the need to pay attention to the specific context in which adolescent sexting takes place.
Canadian Heart Rhythm Society and Canadian Association of Radiologists Consensus Statement on Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices
Authors: Verma Atul , Ha Andrew C.T. , Dennie Carole , Essebag Vidal , Exner Derek V. , Khan Naeem , Lane Chris , Leipsic Jonathan , Philippon Francois , Sampaio Marcos , Schieda Nicola , Seifer Colette , Berthiaume Alain , Campbell Debra , Chakraborty Santanu
Published: October 2014

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has historically been considered contraindicated for individuals with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) such as pacemakers and implantable defibrillators. Magnetic resonance scanners produce magnetic fields that can interact negatively with the metallic components of CIEDs. However, as CIED technology has advanced, newer MRI conditional devices have been developed that are now in clinical use and these systems have had demonstrated safety in the MRI environment. Despite the supportive data of such CIED systems, physicians remain reluctant to perform MRI scanning of conditional devices. This joint statement by the Canadian Heart Rhythm Society and the Canadian Association of Radiologists describes a collaborative process by which CIED specialists and clinics can work with radiology departments and specialists to safely perform MRI in patients with MRI conditional CIED systems. The steps required for patient and scanning preparation and the roles and responsibilities of the CIED and radiology departments are outlined. We also briefly outline the risks and a process by which patients with nonconditional CIEDs might also receive MRI in highly specialized centres. This document supports MRI in patients with MRI conditional CIEDs and offers recommendations on how this can be implemented safely and effectively.
Associations between body weight and depression, social phobia, insomnia, and self‐esteem among Taiwanese adolescents
Authors: Lee Jia‐In , Yen Cheng‐Fang
Published: October 2014

The aims of this cross‐sectional study were to examine the associations between body weight and mental health indicators including depression, social phobia, insomnia, and self‐esteem among Taiwanese adolescents in Grades 7–12. The body mass index (BMI) of 5254 adolescents was calculated based on self‐reported weight and height measurements. Body weight status was determined by the age‐ and gender‐specific International Obesity Task Force reference tables. By using participants of average weight as the reference group, the association between body weight status (underweight, overweight, and obesity) and mental health indicators (depression, social phobia, insomnia, and self‐esteem) were examined by using multiple regression analysis. The possible moderating effects of sociodemographic characteristics on the association were also examined. After controlling for the effects of sociodemographic characteristics, both overweight (p < 0.05) and obese adolescents (p < 0.001) had a lower level of self‐esteem than did those of average weight; however, no significant differences in depression, social phobia, or insomnia were found between those who were overweight/obese and those of average weight. No significant differences in the four mental health indicators were found between those who were underweight and those of average weight. Sociodemographic characteristics had no moderating effect on the association between body weight and mental health indicators. In conclusion, mental health and school professionals must take the association between overweight/obesity and self‐esteem into consideration when approaching the issue of mental health among adolescents.
Provenance and Deposition of Glacial Lake Missoula Lacustrine and Flood Sediments Determined from Rock Magnetic Properties
Authors: Hanson Michelle Andrée , Enkin Randolph Jonathan , Barendregt René William , Clague John Joseph
Published: October 2014

Repeated outburst flooding from glacial Lake Missoula, Montana, affected large areas of Washington during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 2 (29–14 ka). We present the first high-resolution rock magnetic results from two sites that are critical to interpreting these outburst floods and that provide evidence of sediment provenance: glacial Lake Missoula, the source of the floods; and glacial Lake Columbia, where floodwaters interrupted sedimentation. Magnetic carriers in glacial Lake Missoula varves are dominated by hematite, whereas those in outburst flood sediments and glacial Lake Columbia sediments are mainly magnetite and titano-magnetite. Stratigraphic variation of magnetic parameters is consistent with changes in lithology. Importantly, magnetic properties highlight depositional processes in the flood sediments that are not evident in the field. In glacial Lake Columbia, hematite is present in fine silt and clay deposited near the end of each flood as fine sediment settled out of the water column. This signal is only present at the end of the floods because the hematite is concentrated in the finer-grained sediment transported from the floor of glacial Lake Missoula, the only possible source of hematite, ~ 240 km away.
Sign Me Up: Rules of the Road for Humanitarian Volunteers During the Ebola Outbreak
Authors: Wildes Ryan , Kayden Stephanie , Goralnick Eric , Niescierenko Michelle , Aschkenasy Miriam , Kemen Katherine M. , Vanrooyen Michael , Biddinger Paul , Cranmer Hilarie
Published: October 2014

The current Ebola outbreak is the worst global public health emergency of our generation, and our global health care community must and will rise to serve those affected. Aid organizations participating in the Ebola response must carefully plan to carry out their responsibility to ensure the health, safety, and security of their responders. At the same time, individual health care workers and their employers must evaluate the ability of an aid organization to protect its workers in the complex environment of this unheralded Ebola outbreak. We present a minimum set of operational standards developed by a consortium of Boston-based hospitals that a professional organization should have in place to ensure the health, safety, and security of its staff in response to the Ebola virus disease outbreak. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-2)
Cognitive behavioural psychotherapy graduates in Ireland: a follow-up survey of graduates from an Irish university
Authors: MacLiam Fionnula
Published: October 2014

Background

Training in cognitive behavioural psychotherapy (CBT) is expensive both for the students and their funding bodies.

Objectives

It is important to know how graduates of CBT courses are putting their skills to use, and whether they are continuously updating those skills to achieve best practice. We also wanted to discover the similarities and differences between CBT trainees in the United Kingdom and in the Republic of Ireland (courses in the United Kingdom being analogous to those in Ireland in content and participants).

Method

An internet survey, derived from previous postal questionnaires, was used to enquire into the practice, experience, and continuing professional development of graduates from the CBT courses at Trinity College Dublin.

Results

Most MDT professions were represented in the graduates, preponderantly psychiatrists and mental health nurses, but also including social workers and occupational therapists. Most participants believed that the course had enhanced their careers, and almost half had changed job since graduating. Half said that CBT was now the main focus of their job, but others reported lack of resources, funding, time, and other duties impeded their ability to conduct CBT with clients. However, most participants engaged in continuous professional development regarding CBT, and received CBT clinical supervision.

Discussion

There was a difference in the proportion of the different professions undertaking this course compared with the United Kingdom and our response rate here was significantly lower. As in UK surveys, participants who may have been supported and funded to undertake the training may not afterwards be supported in implementing their skills in the workplace. The broader implications of this are discussed.
From Newton’s bucket to rotating polygons: experiments on surface instabilities in swirling flows
Authors: Bach B. , Linnartz E. C. , Vested M. H. , Andersen A. , Bohr T.
Published: October 2014

We present an experimental study of ‘polygons’ forming on the free surface of a swirling water flow in a partially filled cylindrical container. In our set-up, we rotate the bottom plate and the cylinder wall with separate motors. We thereby vary rotation rate and shear strength independently and move from a rigidly rotating ‘Newton’s bucket’ flow to one where bottom and cylinder wall are rotating oppositely and the surface is strongly turbulent but flat on average. Between those two extremes, we find polygonal states for which the rotational symmetry is spontaneously broken. We investigate the phase diagram spanned by the two rotational frequencies at a given water filling height and find polygons in a regime, where the two frequencies are sufficiently different and, predominantly, when they have opposite signs. In addition to the extension of the family of polygons found with the stationary cylinder, we find a new family of smaller polygons for larger rotation rates of the cylinder, opposite to that of the bottom plate. Further, we find a ‘monogon’, a figure with one corner, roughly an eccentric circle rotating in the same sense as the cylinder. The case where only the bottom plate is rotating is compared with the results of Jansson et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 96, 2006, art. 174502), where the same size of cylinder was used, and although the overall structure of the phase diagram spanned by water height and rotational frequency is the same, many details are different. To test the effect of small experimental defects, such as misalignment of the bottom plate, we investigate whether the rotating polygons are phase locked with the bottom plate, and although we find cases where the frequency ratio of figure and bottom plate is nearly rational, we do not find phase locking. Finally, we show that the system has a surprising multistability and excitability, and we note that this can cause quantitative differences between the phase diagrams obtained in comparable experiments.
“Nothing Good Ever Came from New Jersey”: Expectations and the Sensory Perception of Wines
Authors: Ashton Robert H.
Published: October 2014

The influence of expectations on the sensory perception of wines is investigated in three studies in which New Jersey and California red wines are blind tasted. Studies 1 and 2, in which only the color of the wines is known prior to tasting, demonstrate that neither wine club members nor experienced wine professionals can distinguish between New Jersey and California wines in terms of personal enjoyment. In contrast, Study 3, in which tasters are informed that some (though not which) of the wines are from New Jersey, finds that when a wine is believed to be from New Jersey it receives lower enjoyment ratings than when the identical wine is believed to be from California—regardless of whether the wine is actually from New Jersey or California. The results enhance our understanding of the role of expectations in the interpretation of subjective experiences. Implications for wine producers and wine consumers are explored. (JEL Classification: C91)
Krein-Smulian-Type Theorems
Authors: Khurana Surjit Singh
Published: October 2014

Let (E, ℱ) be a weakly compactly generated Frechet space and let ℱ0 be another weaker Hausdorff locally convex topology on E. Let X be an ℱ-bounded compact subset of (E, ℱ0). The ℱ0-closed convex hull of X in E is then ℱ0-compact. We also give a new proof, without using Riemann–Lebesgue-integrable (Birkoff-integrable) functions, with the result that if (E, ∥ · ∥) is any Banach space and ℱ0 is fragmented by ∥ · ∥, then the same result holds. Furthermore, the closure of the convex hull of X in ℱ0-topology and in the original topology of E is the same.
Imaging methodologies and applications for nutrition research: what can functional MRI offer?
Authors: Francis Susan T. , Eldeghaidy Sally
Published: October 2014

Food intake is influenced by a complex regulatory system involving the integration of a wide variety of sensory inputs across multiple brain areas. Over the past decade, advances in neuroimaging using functional MRI (fMRI) have provided valuable insight into these pathways in the human brain. This review provides an outline of the methodology of fMRI, introducing the widely used blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast for fMRI and direct measures of cerebral blood flow using arterial spin labelling. A review of fMRI studies of the brain's response to taste, aroma and oral somatosensation, and how fat is sensed and mapped in the brain in relation to the pleasantness of food, and appetite control is given. The influence of phenotype on individual variability in cortical responses is addressed, and an overview of fMRI studies investigating hormonal influences (e.g. peptide YY, cholecystokinin and ghrelin) on appetite-related brain processes provided. Finally, recent developments in MR technology at ultra-high field (7 T) are introduced, highlighting the advances this can provide for fMRI studies to investigate the neural underpinnings in nutrition research. In conclusion, neuroimaging methods provide valuable insight into the mechanisms of flavour perception and appetite behaviour.
Tibetan √lan ‘reply’
Authors: HILL NATHAN W. , ZADOKS ABEL
Published: October 2014

Recognising the parallelism between the conjugation of a verb such as √lug ‘pour’ (pres. ldug, past blugs, fut. blug, imp. lhugs ‘pour’ and a verb such as √kru ‘wash’ (ḥkhrud, bkrus, bkru, khrus), Li Fang-Kuei suggests deriving the present stem ldug from a reconstruction *ḥlug (1933: 149). In this sub-case of Conrady's law, the change of *ḥl to ld- may be analyzed into the following changes: *ḥl > *ḥdl > *ḥld > ld (cf. Conrady 1896: 59, Li 1933: 149, Hill 2011: 446–447, Hill 2013: 193–195). This sound change obscures the synchronic relationship between verb forms beginning with ld- and other present formations, and the resultant synchronic opacity gives rise to analogical forms (e.g. the alternate present blug). Consequently, the dictionaries present a certain level of confusion about the paradigms of lateral initial verbs.
A pilot study about female adolescent/young childhood cancer survivors' knowledge about reproductive health and their views about consultation with a fertility specialist
Authors: Kim J. , Mersereau J.E.
Published: October 2014

Objective:

Impaired fertility and reproductive health after cancer treatment is an important quality-of-life issue among female childhood cancer survivors (CCSs). This study aims to measure female CCSs' knowledge about their reproductive health and their exposure to and views about reproductive counseling (RC).

Method:

This is a cross-sectional, web-survey study of female CCSs aged 18 to 45 years who were diagnosed with cancer before age 21 years and currently had no evidence of disease.

Results:

Fifty-six CCSs participated (response rate = 48%; mean current age = 26). Knowledge about reproductive health after cancer treatment was severely limited within this sample of highly educated survivors (91% educated beyond high school), who provided correct answers only 32% of the time. Only 9 and 5% of the women had pursued RC with a fertility specialist before and after cancer treatment, respectively. The majority thought they had not been provided enough information about reproductive health. White ethnicity (p < 0.001), higher annual income (p = 0.007), and higher education level (p = 0.02) were significantly associated with a positive opinion about RC.

Significance of Results:

A limited number of CCSs took advantage of RC in spite of their high interest in and limited knowledge about reproductive issues. Targeted referrals for RC may allow for improved decision making about reproductive options.
Invisible Social Control as Predictor of Daily Negative Affect and Smoking After a Self-Set Quit Date
Authors: Lüscher Janina , Ochsner Sibylle , Berli Corina , Knoll Nina , Stadler Gertraud , Hornung Rainer , Scholz Urte
Published: October 2014

The dual-effects model of social control proposes that social control leads to increased psychological distress but also to better health practices. However, findings are inconsistent, and recent research suggests that the most effective control is unnoticed by the receiver (i. e., invisible). Yet, investigations of the influence of invisible control on daily negative affect and smoking have been limited. Using daily diaries, we investigated how invisible social control was associated with negative affect and smoking. Overall, 100 smokers (72.0 % men, age M = 40.48, SD = 9.82) and their nonsmoking partners completed electronic diaries from a self-set quit date for 22 consecutive days, reporting received and provided social control, negative affect, and daily smoking. We found in multilevel analyses of the within-person process that on days with higher-than-average invisible control, smokers reported more negative affect and fewer cigarettes smoked. Findings are in line with the assumptions of the dual-effects model of social control: Invisible social control increased daily negative affect and simultaneously reduced smoking at the within-person level.
Superficial layer pyramidal cells communicate heterogeneously between multiple functional domains of cat primary visual cortex
Authors: Martin Kevan A. C. , Roth Stephan , Rusch Elisha S.
Published: October 2014

The axons of pyramidal neurons in the superficial layers of the neocortex of higher mammals form lateral networks of discrete clusters of synaptic boutons. In primary visual cortex the clusters are reported to link domains that share the same orientation preferences, but how individual neurons contribute to this network is unknown. Here we performed optical imaging to record the intrinsic signal, which is an indirect measure of neuronal firing, and determined the global map of orientation preferences in the cat primary visual system. In the same experiment, single cells were recorded and labelled intracellularly. We found that individual axons arborise within the retinotopic representation of the classical receptive field, but their bouton clusters were not aligned along their preferred axis of orientation along the retinotopic map. Axon clusters formed in a variety of different orientation domains, not just the like-orientation domains. This topography and heterogeneity of single-cell connectivity provides circuits for normalization and context-dependent feature processing of visual scenes.
miR-21 improves the neurological outcome after traumatic brain injury in rats
Authors: Ge Xin-Tong , Lei Ping , Wang Hai-Chen , Zhang An-Ling , Han Zhao-Li , Chen Xin , Li Sheng-Hui , Jiang Rong-Cai , Kang Chun-Sheng , Zhang Jian-Ning
Published: October 2014

The expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) including miR-21, have been reported to change in response to traumatic brain injury (TBI), suggesting that they may influence the pathophysiological process in brain injury. To analyze the potential effect of miR-21 on neurological function after TBI, we employed the fluid percussion injury rat model and manipulated the expression level of miR-21 in brain using intracerebroventricular infusion of miR-21 agomir or antagomir. We found that upregulation of miR-21 level in brain conferred a better neurological outcome after TBI by improving long-term neurological function, alleviating brain edema and decreasing lesion volume. To further investigate the mechanism underlying this protective effect, we evaluated the impact of miR-21 on apoptosis and angiogenesis in brain after TBI. We found that miR-21 inhibited apoptosis and promoted angiogenesis through regulating the expression of apoptosis- and angiogenesis-related molecules. In addition, the expression of PTEN, a miR-21 target gene, was inhibited and Akt signaling was activated in the procedure. Taken together, these data indicate that miR-21 could be a potential therapeutic target for interventions after TBI.
Trophic interactions induce spatial self-organization of microbial consortia on rough surfaces
Authors: Wang Gang , Or Dani
Published: October 2014

The spatial context of microbial interactions common in natural systems is largely absent in traditional pure culture-based microbiology. The understanding of how interdependent microbial communities assemble and coexist in limited spatial domains remains sketchy. A mechanistic model of cell-level interactions among multispecies microbial populations grown on hydrated rough surfaces facilitated systematic evaluation of how trophic dependencies shape spatial self-organization of microbial consortia in complex diffusion fields. The emerging patterns were persistent irrespective of initial conditions and resilient to spatial and temporal perturbations. Surprisingly, the hydration conditions conducive for self-assembly are extremely narrow and last only while microbial cells remain motile within thin aqueous films. The resulting self-organized microbial consortia patterns could represent optimal ecological templates for the architecture that underlie sessile microbial colonies on natural surfaces. Understanding microbial spatial self-organization offers new insights into mechanisms that sustain small-scale soil microbial diversity; and may guide the engineering of functional artificial microbial consortia.
Atomic Diffusion within Individual Gold Nanocrystal
Authors: Xiong Gang , Clark Jesse N. , Nicklin Chris , Rawle Jonathan , Robinson Ian K.
Published: October 2014

Due to their excess surface free energy and structural instabilities, nanoparticles exhibit interesting physical and chemical properties. There has been an ever-growing interest in investigating these properties, driven by the desire to further miniaturize electronic devices, develop new functional materials and catalysts. Here, the intriguing question of how diffusion evolves in a single nanoparticle is investigated by measuring the spatial and temporal variations of the diffracted coherent X-ray intensity during copper diffusion into a gold nanocrystal. Dislocation loops formed from the insertion of single layer of extra atoms between neighbouring gold host lattice planes are detected. Au-Cu alloy channels are found to penetrate the nanocrystal due to the differential diffusion rate along different directions. With the advent of higher brilliance sources and free-electron-lasers, Bragg Coherent X-ray Diffraction Imaging can play an important role in unveiling atomic behaviours in three dimensions for nanomaterials during various fundamental processes.
Development of Transmission Raman Spectroscopy towards the in line, high throughput and non-destructive quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical solid oral dose
Authors: Griffen Julia A. , Owen Andrew W. , Matousek Pavel
Published: October 2014

Transmission Raman Spectroscopy and photon diode enhancer facilitates faster scanning and quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical tablets.
A novel fluorescent sensor for mercury (ii) ion using self-assembly of poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium)chloride functionalized CdTe quantum dots
Authors: Yang Ran , Ding Xiaojie , Zhou Yuchen , Li Jianjun , Qu Lingbo , Zhang Kangyi
Published: October 2014

A novel fluorescent sensor was constructed for selective quantitative analysis of mercury(ii) ion based on poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium)chloride (PDDA) functionalized CdTe quantum dots.
Double carboxyl silicane modified graphene oxide coated silica composite as sorbent for solid-phase extraction of quarternary alkaloids
Authors: Liu Houmei , Guo Yong , Wang Xusheng , Li Yikun , Liang Xiaojing , Liu Xia
Published: October 2014

TSPSAcide@GO@SiO2 has been prepared and used as a sorbent for solid-phase extraction of quarternary alkaloids.
Synthesis of fragrance compounds from renewable resources: the aqueous biphasic hydroformylation of acyclic terpenes
Authors: Vieira Camila G. , de Freitas Marina C. , de Oliveira Kelley C. B. , de Camargo Faria Amanda , dos Santos Eduardo N. , Gusevskaya Elena V.
Published: October 2014

Several compounds useful as components of synthetic perfumes and cosmetics were obtained from linalool, nerolidol and β-citronelleneviarhodium-catalyzed aqueous biphasic hydroformylation.
An expedient approach to synthesize fluorescent 3-substituted 4H-quinolizin-4-ones via (η4-vinylketene)-Fe(CO)3 complexes
Authors: Rosas-Sánchez Alfredo , Toscano Rubén A. , López-Cortés José G. , Ortega-Alfaro M. Carmen
Published: October 2014

From simple starting materials, an efficient methodology for the synthesis of 3-substituted 4H-quinolizin-4-ones using (η4-vinylketene)-Fe(CO)3 complexes as key intermediates was developed. Fluorescent properties and quantum yields were determined.
Organic electronics and photonics: concluding remarks
Authors: Bradley Donal D. C.
Published: October 2014

Summing up the scientific content of a Faraday discussion meeting in a short paper is an impossible task and therefore, I have tried simply to draw-out a few more-general themes relating to the presentations made and the exciting research field that encompasses them.
Etching of glass microchips with supercritical water
Authors: Karásek Pavel , Grym Jakub , Roth Michal , Planeta Josef , Foret František
Published: October 2014

Supercritical water was tested as a versatile alternative to hydrogen fluoride-containing mixtures for etching of glass chips.
Microfluidic in situ mechanical testing of photopolymerized gels
Authors: Duprat Camille , Berthet Hélène , Wexler Jason S. , du Roure Olivia , Lindner Anke
Published: October 2014

Anin situmethod to tune and measure the mechanical properties of photo-polymerized gels.
QM/MM MD simulations of La(iii)–phosphopeptide complexes
Authors: Messner Christoph B. , Bonn Günther K. , Hofer Thomas S.
Published: October 2014

Hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical simulations have been used to study the structural and dynamical properties of a La(iii)–phosphopeptide complex.
Highly enantioselective Michael reaction employing cycloheptanone and cyclooctanone as nucleophiles
Authors: Xia Ai-Bao , Zhao Long , Wang Tao , Zhang Yan-Peng , Zhong Ai-Guo , Xu Dan-Qian , Xu Zhen-Yuan
Published: October 2014

An organocatalytic Michael reaction of cycloheptanone and cyclooctanone with nitrodienes and nitroolefins catalyzed by primary amine catalysts has been accomplished.
The preparation and properties of a g-C3N4/AgBr nanocomposite photocatalyst based on protonation pretreatment
Authors: Feng Yu , Shen Jianchao , Cai Qifeng , Yang Hui , Shen Qianhong
Published: October 2014

Protonation pretreatment promotes the formation of a uniform g-C3N4/AgBr nanocomposite, thereby efficiently enhancing the photocatalytic activity through the Z-scheme charge transfer.
Multiprotocol-induced plasticity in artificial synapses
Authors: Kornijcuk Vladimir , Kavehei Omid , Lim Hyungkwang , Seok Jun Yeong , Kim Seong Keun , Kim Inho , Lee Wook-Seong , Choi Byung Joon , Jeong Doo Seok
Published: October 2014

A bipolar-switch-based synaptic circuit realizes multiprotocol-induced plasticity in both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission.
Super toughened immiscible polycarbonate/poly(l-lactide) blend achieved by simultaneous addition of compatibilizer and carbon nanotubes
Authors: Wang Yong-hong , Xu Xian-ling , Dai Jian , Yang Jing-hui , Huang Ting , Zhang Nan , Wang Yong , Zhou Zuo-wan , Zhang Ji-hong
Published: October 2014

By improving interfacial interaction and forming CNT network structure, the fracture resistance of immiscible PC/PLLA blend is significantly enhanced.
Advancement in liquid exfoliation of graphite through simultaneously oxidizing and ultrasonicating
Authors: Shi Ge , Michelmore Andrew , Jin Jian , Li Lu Hua , Chen Ying , Wang Lianzhou , Yu Hua , Wallace Gordon , Gambhir Sanjeev , Zhu Shenmin , Hojati-Talemi Pejman , Ma Jun
Published: October 2014

Simultaneously oxidizing and ultrasonicating graphite for 60 min can create high-structural integrity yet solution-processable graphene for a great many applications.
BriGuard: a lightweight indoor intrusion detection system based on infrared light spot displacement
Authors: Liu Leibo , Zhang Weilong , Deng Chenchen , Yin Shouyi , Wei Shaojun
Published: October 2014

Indoor intrusion detection systems are widely implemented in many special departments and environments. Owing to the special target market, several specific features of such systems are required including high accuracy, high performance, high concealment and ease of deployment. In this study, the authors proposed an infrared light spot displacement‐based surveillance system for indoor intrusion detection. This system, named BriGuard, shares a similar idea with radar. A 940 nm infrared light beam goes through an optical diffraction grating to generate light spot matrix imagery in the view of a complementary metal oxide semiconductor image sensor. The coordinates of the light spots are extracted and recorded. When someone enters the monitored area, the imaging plane changes and leads to a variation of the pre‐recorded light spots coordinates. The light beam is modulated in order to be distinguished from the light in the environment. The lightweight algorithms require little computation power and data storage. BriGuard achieves a nearly zero false detection rate while covering a distance up to 10 m. It can process 30 full HD (1920 × 1080) frames per second. More importantly, because of unnoticeable infrared lights and very small form factor, the whole detection equipment is very hard to observe.
Characterizing a fast-response, low-afterglow liquid scintillator for neutron time-of-flight diagnostics in fast ignition experiments
Authors: Abe Y. , Hosoda H. , Arikawa Y. , Nagai T. , Kojima S. , Sakata S. , Inoue H. , Iwasa Y. , Iwano K. , Yamanoi K. , Fujioka S. , Nakai M. , Sarukura N. , Shiraga H. , Norimatsu T. , Azechi H.
Published: October 2014

The characteristics of oxygen-enriched liquid scintillators with very low afterglow are investigated and optimized for application to a single-hit neutron spectrometer for fast ignition experiments. It is found that 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene has better characteristics as a liquid scintillator solvent than the conventional solvent, p-xylene. In addition, a benzophenon-doped BBQ liquid scintillator is shown to demonstrate very rapid time response, and therefore has potential for further use in neutron diagnostics with fast time resolution.
Theory of optical transitions in conjugated polymers. I. Ideal systems
Authors: Barford William , Marcus Max
Published: October 2014

We describe a theory of linear optical transitions in conjugated polymers. The theory is based on three assumptions. The first is that the low-lying excited states of conjugated polymers are Frenkel excitons coupled to local normal modes, described by the Frenkel-Holstein model. Second, we assume that the relevant parameter regime is ℏω ≪ J, i.e., the adiabatic regime, and thus the Born-Oppenheimer factorization of the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom is generally applicable. Finally, we assume that the Condon approximation is valid, i.e., the exciton-polaron wavefunction is essentially independent of the normal modes. Using these assumptions we derive an expression for an effective Huang-Rhys parameter for a chain (or chromophore) of N monomers, given by S(N) = S(1)/IPR, where S(1) is the Huang-Rhys parameter for an isolated monomer. IPR is the inverse participation ratio, defined by IPR = (∑n|Ψn|4)−1, where Ψn is the exciton center-of-mass wavefunction. Since the IPR is proportional to the spread of the exciton center-of-mass wavefunction, this is a key result, as it shows that S(N) decreases with chain length. As in molecules, in a polymer S(N) has two interpretations. First, ℏωS(N) is the relaxation energy of an excited state caused by its coupling to the normal modes. Second, S(N) appears in the definition of an effective Franck-Condon factor, F0v(N) = S(N)vexp ( − S(N))/v! for the vth vibronic manifold. We show that the 0 − 0 and 0 − 1 optical intensities are proportional to F00(N) and F01(N), respectively, and thus the ratio of the 0 − 1 to 0 − 0 absorption and emission intensities are proportional to S(N). These analytical results are checked by extensive DMRG calculations and found to be generally valid, particularly for emission. However, for large chain lengths higher-lying quasimomentum exciton states become degenerate with the lowest vibrational excitation of the lowest exciton state. When this happens there is mixing of the electronic and nuclear states and a partial breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, meaning that the ratio of the 0 − 0 to 0 − 1 absorption intensities no longer increases as fast as the IPR. When ℏω/J = 0.1, a value applicable to phenyl-based polymers, the critical value of N is ∼20 monomers.