bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Exposure to Glyphosate and Methods of Detection: A Review
Authors: CHAIKLIENG Sunisa , UENGCHUEN Kodchakorn
Published: November 2020

Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide used extensively worldwide. The carcinogenic potential of glyphosate has been debated. This review aimed to describe human exposure, report environmental air concentrations in relation to occupational exposure, and identify the methods used to analyze glyphosate or AMPA concentrations. We searched, Google Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed for relevant papers in Thai or English, published from 2004 to 2017. Thus, 16 studies were identified. The results show that glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) are markers of both internal and external exposure dose. Glyphosate is generally detected at concentrations comparable to or higher than AMPA. Human exposure has been assessed with measured levels of glyphosate ranging from 0.02 to 233 µg/L and a range of AMPA of 0.15 to 2.63 µg/L in human urine. The highest concentrations of glyphosate and AMPA found in blood were 171.1×103 and 2,600 µg/L, respectively, from acute poisonings and intentional self-harm. Environmental air concentrations of glyphosate ranged from less than 0.01 to 46.80 µg/m3 in the working field areas. Four methods used to analyze glyphosate and AMPA were identified: ELISA, HPLC-fluorescence/MS, GC-MS, LC-MS. While these results indicate the level of human exposure to glyphosate, the resulting human health effects of exposure are still uncertain. Therefore, there is a need for more investigation into human health risk assessment and application of health surveillance programs, particularly among glyphosate applicators.
Estrategia basada en TIC para la organización de ferias virtuales de divulgación académica durante la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors:   Universidad de Cartagena, Colombia, CHANCHI Gabriel E. , HERNANDEZ-LONDOÑO Claudia E. ,   Universidad de Cartagena, Colombia
Published: November 2020

A partir de la emergencia de la COVID-19, ha sido necesario adaptar los diferentes procesos académicos de las universidades tales como reuniones, eventos y ferias de divulgación, buscando aprovechar las ventajas de las TIC. Este artículo propone una estrategia basada en TIC para la organización de ferias virtuales, la cual fue validada mediante la organización de una feria de emprendimiento dentro del Programa de Ingeniería Química de la Universidad de Cartagena.
Transformación digital y enfoque STEAM, una alternativa en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors:   Universidad de Los Llanos, Colombia, VARGAS Javier , CUERO Jairo ,   Universidad de Los Llanos, Colombia, RIVEROS Fernando ,   Universidad de Los Llanos, Colombia
Published: November 2020

El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación en el marco del enfoque STEAM y la transformación digital como alternativas para implementar en los sistemas educativos actuales y después de la pandemia ocasionada por el COVID-19. La metodología utilizada fue análisis de contenido y entrevista a profundidad realizada a expertos académicos. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron concluir que el enfoque STEAM y la transformación digital son pertinentes y apropiadas para el momento actual y futuro de la sociedad del siglo XXI.
La Economía Global en tiempo de crisis del covid-19
Authors:   Corporación Unificada Nacional de Educación Superior, Colombia, ZUÑIGA Luis M. , RESTREPO Luis C. , OSORIO Roberto C. ,   Corporación Unificada Nacional de Educación Superior, Colombia, BUENDIA Juan C. ,   Corporación Unificada Nacional de Educación Superior, Colombia, MUÑOZ Helmer ,   Corporación Unificada Nacional de Educación Superior, Colombia
Published: November 2020

La pandemia actual desencadenada por el SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 ha puesto a prueba la capacidad de respuesta de los diferentes sistemas de salud en el mundo e incluso a la economía. Es de saber que las pandemias han acompañado al ser humano desde sus orígenes; sin embargo, mucha incertidumbre surge a partir de preguntas acerca de los diferentes escenarios que pueden presentarse durante el curso de la enfermedad o posterior a ella. El objetivo de este articulo parte de la necesidad de comprender como se ha afectado la globalización desde la perspectiva económica, como resultado se llega a que reconociendo el hecho de que el mundo ha cambiado mucho desde que se declaró la enfermedad epidémica, los gobiernos se han visto en la obligación de recurrir a las medidas de confinamiento como una opción para contrarrestar la propagación del covid-19, no obstante la economía mundial se ha visto afectada porque las personas han dejado de consumir productos y servicios de ciertos sectores, de igual manera la reapertura económica como lo mencionan distintos autores puede dar un respiro a la economía a largo plazo, pero aun así entre la humanidad esta infundido el miedo por lo que habrá cierta incertidumbre.
Paediatric Diagnostic Reference levels in low Resource Settings: A Guide for Developing Country Practitioners with excerpts from ICRP
Authors: Nkubli Flavious , Nzotta Christian , Nwobi Chigozie , Dlama Joseph
Published: November 2020

Background: The practical implementation of Diagnostic Reference Level in paediatric imaging is a complex task due to their unique individuality in terms of high sensitivity to radiation, varying body sizes and presenting pathology. Hence, good knowledge of medical technology, skill to perform patient dosimetry and to analyze mage quality is required.

Purpose: To provide a guide on the methodological requirements for the establishment of Paediatric Diagnostic Reference Levels (PiDRLs) based on the revised and updated guidelines from the current ICRP publication 135 on Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs).

Materials and method: An extensive review of the ICRP report Publication 135 on Diagnostic Reference levels in medical imaging with a focus on paediatric imaging and other related studies were undertaken.

Results: The ICRP report 135 updates and refines the recommendations of 2001. It highlights that the application of DRLs in paediatrics alone is not sufficient for the optimization of protection. Image quality must be evaluated. Quantities used for DRLs should be appropriate to the imaging modality being evaluated, assess the amount of ionizing radiation applied to perform a medical imaging task, and be measured directly. For interventional procedures, the complexity of the procedure may be considered in setting DRLs. DRLs shall not be used for individual patients or as trigger (alert or alarm) levels for individual patients. Appropriate weight bands (generally with 5 or 10 kg intervals) are recommended for establishing paediatric DRLs and should be promoted.

Conclusion: The amount of radiation used for examinations of children can vary tremendously due to great variation in patient size and weight from neonates to adult-sized adolescents. This variation in patient radiation dose is appropriate. However, variation in patient doses due to inappropriate technique or failure to child-size the imaging protocol is not appropriate. This forms the basis of the new ICRP guideline and should form the basis of developing PiDRLs.
Rafael Leoz y la abstracción geométrica en los años sesenta
Authors: Cervero Sánchez Noelia
Published: November 2020

La obra de Rafael Leoz (1921-1976) presenta intensas confluencias con la corriente analítica del género geométrico, normativo y constructivo, que se desarrolló en España durante la década de los años sesenta. La trayectoria del arquitecto, dedicada a la sistematización armónica del espacio habitable para su industrialización, se apoyó en dibujos y maquetas de gran valor formal, que posteriormente trasladó a esculturas y diseños ornamentales. La observación de sus referentes y principios y el análisis cronológico de su relación con la actividad propia de la abstracción geométrica, permiten extraer aspectos comunes que parten de la obra como medio de experimentación científica, estética y social, y abogan por la integración de las artes.
Dibujos que inmortalizan la ciudad. La arquitectura latente y perseguida del barrio de El Cabanyal
Authors: Barros Costa Hugo , Molina-Siles Pedro
Published: November 2020

Después de la experiencia acumulada en diez años, dibujando indiscriminadamente los barrios de Valencia, sin otro motivo, que observar y representar gráficamente cada rincón de la ciudad, nos pareció oportuno utilizar la capacidad comunicativa del dibujo como herramienta para reivindicar el barrio de El Cabanyal y la situación por la que atraviesa desde hace muchos años, independientemente de su carga política. Después de, en conjunto, plantearnos este objetivo y analizar la historia morfológica y social de este barrio, nos propusimos recorrer las calles y azoteas de El Cabanyal, hablar con sus gentes y dibujar, in situ, los distintos espacios, formas, colores, atmósferas…dando lugar a decenas de dibujos que inmortalizan lo que perdura de este ecosistema urbano aún con vida. Testigos con forma de papel surcados de arquitecturas latentes, perseguidas y amenazadas por un olvido que nos acompañarán en el transcurso de esta lectura. 
Large-eddy simulation of traffic-related air pollution at a
very high-resolution in a mega-city: Evaluation against
mobile sensors and insights for influencing factors
Authors: Zhang Yanxu , Ye Xingpei , Wang Shibao , He Xiaojing , Dong Lingyao , Zhang Ning , Wang Haikun , Wang Zhongrui , Ma Yun , Wang Lei , Chi Xuguang , Ding Aijun , Yao Mingzhi , Li Yunpeng , Li Qilin , Zhang Ling , Xiao Yongle
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Urban air pollution has tremendous spatial variability at scales ranged from kilometer to meters due to unevenly distributed emission sources, complex flow patterns, and photochemical reactions. However, high-resolution air quality information is not available through traditional approaches such as ground-based measurements and regional air quality models (with typical resolution >1 km). Here we develop a ten-meter resolution air quality model for traffic-related CO pollution based on the parallelized large-eddy simulation model (PALM). The model performance is evaluated with measurements obtained from sensors deployed on a taxi platform, which collects data with a comparable spatial resolution to our model. The very high resolution of the model reveals a detailed geographical dispersion pattern of air pollution in and out of the road network. The model results (0.92 ± 0.40 mg/m3) agree well with the measurements (0.90 ± 0.58 mg/m3, n = 114,502). The model has similar spatial patterns with that of the measurements, and the r2 value of a linear regression between model and measurement data is 0.50 ± 0.07 during non-rush hours with middle and low wind speeds. A non-linear relationship is found between average modeled concentrations and wind speed with higher concentrations under calm wind speeds. The modeled concentrations are also 20–30 % higher in streets that align with the wind direction within ~20°. We find that streets with higher buildings in the downwind have lower modeled concentrations at the pedestrian level, and similar effects are found for the variability in building heights (including gaps between buildings). The modeled concentrations also decay fast in the first ~50 m from the nearest highway and arterial road but change slower further away. This study demonstrates the potential of large eddy simulation in urban air quality modeling, which is a vigorous part of the smart city system and could inform urban planning and air quality management.
Holocene climatic changes in the Westerly-Indian Monsoon realm and
its anthropogenic impact
Authors: Burdanowitz Nicole , Rixen Tim , Gaye Birgit , Emeis Kay-Christian
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) with its rainfall is the lifeline for people living on the Indian subcontinent today and possibly was the driver of the rise and fall of early agricultural societies in the past. Intensity and position of the ISM have shifted in response to orbitally forced thermal land-ocean contrasts. At the northwestern monsoon margins, interactions between the subtropical westerly jet (STWJ) and the ISM constitute a tipping element in the Earth's climate system, because their non-linear interaction may be a first-order influence on rainfall. We reconstructed marine sea surface temperature (SST), supply of terrestrial material and vegetation changes from a very well-dated sediment core from the northern Arabian Sea to reconstruct the STWJ-ISM interaction. The Holocene record (from 11,000 years) shows a distinct, but gradual, southward displacement of the ISM in the Early to Mid-Holocene, increasingly punctuated by phases of intensified STWJ events that are coeval with interruptions of North Atlantic overturning circulation (Bond events). Effects of the non-linear interactions culminate between 4.6–3 ka BP, marking a climatic transition period during which the ISM shifted southwards and the influence of SWTJ became prominent. The lithogenic input shows an up to 4-fold increase after this time period signaling the strengthened influence of agricultural activities of the Indus civilization with enhanced erosion of soils amplifying the impact of Bond events and adding to the marine sedimentation rates adjacent to the continent.
Development of the HadISDH.marine humidity climate monitoring dataset
Authors: Willett Kate M. , Dunn Robert J. H. , Kennedy John J. , Berry David I.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric humidity plays an important role in climate analyses. Here we
describe the production and key characteristics of a new quasi-global marine humidity product intended for climate monitoring, HadISDH.marine. It is an
in situ multivariable marine humidity product, gridded monthly at a
5∘×5∘ spatial resolution from January 1973 to
December 2018 with annual updates planned. Currently, only reanalyses
provide up-to-date estimates of marine surface humidity, but there are
concerns over their long-term stability. As a result, this new product makes
a valuable addition to the climate record and will help address some of the
uncertainties around recent changes (e.g. contrasting land and sea trends,
relative-humidity drying). Efforts have been made to quality-control the
data, ensure spatial and temporal homogeneity as far as possible, adjust for
known biases in non-aspirated instruments and ship heights, and also
estimate uncertainty in the data. Uncertainty estimates for whole-number
reporting and for other measurement errors have not been quantified before
for marine humidity. This is a companion product to HadISDH.land, which,
when combined, will provide methodologically consistent land and marine
estimates of surface humidity. The spatial coverage of HadISDH.marine is good over the Northern Hemisphere
outside of the high latitudes but poor over the Southern Hemisphere,
especially south of 20∘ S. The trends and variability shown are in
line with overall signals of increasing moisture and warmth over oceans from
theoretical expectations and other products. Uncertainty in the global
average is larger over periods where digital ship metadata are fewer or
unavailable but not large enough to cast doubt over trends in specific
humidity or air temperature. Hence, we conclude that HadISDH.marine is a
useful contribution to our understanding of climate change. However, we note
that our ability to monitor surface humidity with any degree of confidence
depends on the continued availability of ship data and provision of
digitized metadata. HadISDH.marine data, derived diagnostics, and plots are available at
http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadisdh (last access: June 2019) and https://doi.org/10.5285/463b2fcd6a264a39b1e3249dab16c177 (Willett et
al., 2020).
Mass balances of Yala and Rikha Samba Glacier, Nepal from 2000 to
2017
Authors: Stumm Dorothea , Joshi Sharad Prasad , Gurung Tika Ram , Silwal Gunjan
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The direct or glaciological method is an integral part of international glacier monitoring strategies, and the mass balance is an essential variable to describe the climate system and model runoff. In 2011, we established two glacier mass balance programmes on Yala and Rikha Samba Glacier in the Nepal Himalaya. Here we present the methods and data that we ingested into the database of the World Glacier Monitoring Service. We present glacier length changes and the annual mass balances for the first six mass balance years for both glaciers. For Yala Glacier we additionally present the mass balance of seasonal in situ measurements and the mass balance from 2000 to 2012 analysed with the geodetic method. The annual mass balance rates of Yala Glacier from 2000 to 2012 and from 2011 to 2017 are −0.74 ± 0.53 m and −0.74 ± 0.28 m w.e. a−1, and for Rikha Samba Glacier from 2011 to 2017 −0.39 ± 0.32 m w.e. a−1. The mass loss for the period 2011 to 2017 for Yala and Rikha Samba Glacier −4.44 ± 0.69 m w.e. and −2.34 ± 0.79 m w.e., respectively. The winter balance of Yala Glacier is positive in every investigated year, but the negative summer balance determines the annual balance. The mass balance of Yala Glacier is more negative than on other glaciers in the region, mostly because of the small and low lying accumulation area. The mass balance of Rikha Samba Glacier is more positive than the other glaciers in the region, likely because of the large and high lying accumulation area. Due to the topography, the retreat rates of Rikha Samba Glacier are much higher than for Yala Glacier. From 1989 to 2013, Rikha Samba retreated 431 m (−18.0 m a−1), and from 1974 to 2016 Yala Glacier retreated 346 m (−8.2 m a−1). During the study period, a change of Yala Glacier's surface topography has been observed with glacier thinning and down wasting, which indicates the likely disappearance of Yala Glacier within this century. The datasets are freely accessible from WGMS (2020a): Fluctuations of Glaciers Database. World Glacier Monitoring Service, Zurich, Switzerland. http://dx.doi.org/10.5904/wgms-fog-2020-08.
CANOPY LIDAR POINT CLOUD DATA K-MEANS CLUSTERING WATERSHED SEGMENTATION METHOD
Authors: Mu Y. , Zhou G. , Wang H.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Airborne laser LiDAR has widely applied in the accurate extraction of single tree canopy for inventory of precision forestry. Due to the over-segmentation phenomenon occurring in the traditional watershed single-wood segmentation, this paper presents a method, called K – means clustering watershed for single tree segmentation. This method consists of four aspects: The first step is to filter the point cloud to eliminate the interference factors such as ground elevation and other factors that interfere with the LiDAR point cloud segmentation; The second step is to optimize the generation of CHM, generate a CMM based on CHM variable window detection, and obtain the treetop position to provide the pixel center position for subsequent K – means cluster segmentation; The third step is to use the K – means clustering algorithm to perform initial cluster segmentation to extract the target pixels of interest. At this time, the local maximum value detected by the variable window in the second step is used as the center pixel of the cluster; In the fourth step, an improved watershed algorithm based on the similarity of 4 neighborhoods is proposed. The improved watershed algorithm is applied to the K – means initial clustering image to segment the target area, and the over-segmentation results are subsequently processed, and the over-segmentation blocks are combined according to certain criteria. Identify the contour of single canopy from the CHM images of the experimental forest data. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively solve the over-segmentation problem happening the traditional watershed algorithm. The accuracy of F, R and P parameters can be improved by 7.1%, 11% and 9.8%.
Work-Related Behaviors and Experience Patterns of Physical Education Teachers According to the Individually Burnout Factors
Authors: Taşçıoğlu Ramazan , Kocaekşi Serdar , Balyan Melih
Published: November 2020

Teachers who interact directly with people were evaluated one of risk groups of burnout syndrome. The aim of this research was to determine work-related behaviors and experience patterns of physical education teachers and to analyze them according to the individually burnout factors. A total of 179 physical education teachers, 98 (54.7%) males and 81 (45.3%) females who worked during 2012-2013 academic year in İzmir participated in the study. “Work-Related Behavior and Experience Patterns Scale” was used in this study. The data collection was analyzed with reliability analysis, descriptive analysis, Independent Sample t Test, and Pearson correlation. It was found that 10 (5.6%) were in “Type B” exhaustion group, 45 (25.1%) were “Type A” hyper devotion individuals, 33 (18.4%) were in “Type S” heedless attitude group, and 91 (50.8%) were in “Type G” healthy group among the physical education teachers. It was found that work-related behaviors and experience patterns of physical education teachers vary significantly in terms of institution, gender, and marital status at several dimensions. According to correlation analysis results, there was a significant relationship between age, professional experience, and work-related behaviors and experience patterns at several dimensions.
The Mediating Role of Medical Students’ Attitudes towards Distance Education in the Relationship between E-Learning Styles and Academic Achievements
Authors: Dikmen Melih
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 global outbreak is a growing concern for continuing medical education. The COVID-19 pandemic has led many medical education programs to be carried out online in the world. This research aims to examine the mediating effect of attitudes towards distance education in explaining the relationship between e-learning styles and academic achievements of students in medical education conducted online. The research was carried out on 148 students studying in a six-year medical program at a university. In the research, students completed the e-learning styles scale, attitude scale towards distance education, and online questionnaire include some demographic information via Moodle-based Learning Management System (LMS). In addition, end of year grade point averages of the students was also used within the scope of the research. In the research, the direct effect of e-learning styles on the grade point average and an indirect effect on attitude towards distance education were tested with the mediation model. It was determined that gender is not a significant variable on e-learning styles and attitudes towards distance education. It was observed that students with higher daily internet usage times had higher attitudes towards distance education. In the research, it was observed that the attitude towards distance education has a mediating effect on the relationship between e-learning style and academic success. It is important to consider e-learning styles and attitudes towards distance education to increase academic success in online medical courses and provide better learning outcomes.
Epidemiological profile of congenital syphilis in the municipality of São Luís, 2008–2017
Authors: Meireles Alessandra Coelho Vivekananda , Sousa Lívia Cristina , Oliveira Wendel Alencar de , Silva Diana Maria Silveira da , Ribeiro Vanise Frazão , Fernandes Dorilea Maria da Silva de Sousa , Viana Marconi Relnner Mesquita , Costa Silvana Mendes , Machado Ana Cristina Brandão
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Congenital syphilis is a disease of great magnitude due to increasing numbers of new annual cases, affecting a large contingent of children, which translates into high incidence rates. The occurrence of syphilis cases evidences failures in health services, especially in prenatal care. Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of congenital syphilis in the municipality of São Luís. Methods: Descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Congenital syphilis data recorded in SINAN from 2008 to 2017 were used. Results: The detection rate in the municipality shows a continuous increase. A total of 1,060 cases of congenital syphilis were diagnosed in neonates, 1,017 (96.0%) after the first week of life. Regarding the final diagnosis of cases, it was observed that 967 (91.2%) were classified as early congenital syphilis. The predominant maternal age range was 20 to 34 years, corresponding to 743 cases (70.1%). Regarding access to prenatal care, 802 (75.6%) mothers underwent prenatal care, while 219 (20.66%) did not. Among those who received prenatal care, 352 (33.0%) were diagnosed with syphilis during prenatal care, 481 (46.0%) were diagnosed at the time of delivery/curettage, and 59 (5.0%) were diagnosed after childbirth. Regarding the treatment regimen during pregnancy, 736 (70.0%) received inadequate treatment, 95 (8.0%) received no treatment and 62 (6.0%) received adequate treatment. Conclusion: The study contributed to the identification of possible losses in the stages of such care, and in obtaining qualified information that will guide decision-making and planning of health actions, supporting the epidemiological surveillance work in guiding managers and health teams.
Incidence of acute hepatitis C in Brazil: temporal trend of cases notified between 2007 and 2018
Authors: Nunes Karolyne Hellen Braga , Sales Luiz Henrique Bizinoto , Valente Olavo Silva , Souto Francisco José Dutra
Published: November 2020

Introduction: With the improvement of biosafety and quality of blood products, hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission decreased in Brazil. Analyzing temporal trends in the incidence of acute cases may indicate how current HCV circulation is. Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of acute hepatitis C cases from 2007 to 2018. Methods: Analysis of reported cases of acute hepatitis C, using data from the National System of Notifiable Diseases (Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação – SINAN) and the Health Surveillance Department, Ministry of Health. The non-parametric Cusick test was applied to analyze temporal trend. Results: 6,199 cases of acute HCV were reported between 2007 and 2018. The annual incidence rate ranged from 0.17 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2007 at 0.28 (2018) (p=0.005). Regarding the age group, the trend of increased notifications was significant in individuals 40 years (p=0.008) of age. Conclusion: Despite the few acute cases reported annually, there has been an increase in recent years, especially in age extremes. Cases in >40 years may mean that some of them are not new, but chronic infections, or because of the growing importance of sexual transmission as a consequence of relaxation in safe sex. Despite possible inconsistencies and weaknesses in the notification systems, these numbers are of concern, justifying efforts to review cases for better classification and clarification of contagion routes.
Processing adjunct control: Evidence on the use of structural information and prediction in reference resolution
Authors: Green Jeffrey J. , McCourt Michael , Lau Ellen , Williams Alexander
Published: November 2020

The comprehension of anaphoric relations may be guided not only by discourse, but also syntactic information. In the literature on online processing, however, the focus has been on audible pronouns and descriptions whose reference is resolved mainly on the former. This paper examines one relation that both lacks overt exponence, and relies almost exclusively on syntax for its resolution: adjunct control, or the dependency between the null subject of a non-finite adjunct and its antecedent in sentences such as Mickey talked to Minnie before ___ eating. Using visual-world eyetracking, we compare the timecourse of interpreting this null subject and overt pronouns (Mickey talked to Minnie before he ate). We show that when control structures are highly frequent, listeners are just as quick to resolve reference in either case. When control structures are less frequent, reference resolution based on structural information still occurs upon hearing the non-finite verb, but more slowly, especially when unaided by structural and referential predictions. This may be due to increased difficulty in recognizing that a referential dependency is necessary. These results indicate that in at least some contexts, referential expressions whose resolution depends on very different sources of information can be resolved approximately equally rapidly, and that the speed of interpretation is largely independent of whether or not the dependency is cued by an overt referring expression.
Editorial Introduction to the Special Collection ‘Dirty Places, Geographies of Waste’
Authors: Moreno-Tejada Jaime
Published: November 2020

This editorial introduces the special collection ‘Dirty Places, Geographies of Waste’.
دراسة سلوك نحل العسل (Apis mellifera jemenitica) في التنظيف لمقاومة حلم الفاروا (Varroa destructor) في وادي دوعن-حضرموت-اليمن
Authors: بانواس سعيد عبد الله , خنبش محمد سعيد
Published: November 2020

الملخص

يعد حلم الفاروا (Varroa destructor) من أبرز الآفات التي تصيب نحل العسل على مستوى العالم، والتي تُحدِث الإصابة به خسائرَ مباشرةً وغير مباشرة تؤدي في النهاية إلى فقدان طوائف نحل العسل، ما لم يتم معالجتها، كما تتجاوز خسائرُ الإصابة به خسائرَ الإصابة بآفات نحل العسل مجتمعة. يستهدف هذا البحث دراسة سلوك التنظيف لدى نحل العسل المربَّى تحت ظروف وادي دوعن؛ للاستفادة منها في الإدارة المتكاملة لحلم الفاروا، وقد أجري البحث في المنحل الخاص بالباحث في وادي دوعن خلال عام كامل في الفترة من ديسمبر 2018م - نوفمبر 2019م، كما أجريت الفحوصات المختبرية في مركز نحل العسل بوادي دوعن.

تبين النتائج اختلاف أعداد حلم الفاروا على الحضنة والنحل في طوائف التجربة خلال شهور السنة، وتختلف أيضًا أعداد حلم الفاروا على الحضنة والنحل من طائفة إلى أخرى. وأوضحت النتائج اختلافَ متوسط أعداد حلم الفاروا المشوَّهة من شهر إلى آخر خلال شهور السنة؛ فكان أعلى متوسط لأعداد حلم الفاروا المشوهة في فبراير (39.6 حلمًا/ طائفة) ، وسجل أدنى متوسط لها في أكتوبر (4 حلمات/ طائفة). وبينت النتائج أن التشوهات كانت على الأرجل والدرع الظهري، إذ كانت الفاروا مشوَّهة الأرجل، أو مشوَّهة الدرع الظهري، أو مشوَّهة الأرجل والدرع الظهري معًا. النسبة العظمى من التشوهات كانت على الأرجل، إذ بلغت نسبة الفاروا مشوهة الأرجل (74.12%) ، في حين كانت نسبة الفاروا مشوهة الأرجل والدرع الظهري معًا متوسطة (16.20%) ، ونسبة الفاروا مشوهة الدرع الظهري منخفضة (9.57%). وأكدت النتائج أن سلوك النحل في التنظيف يزداد بزيادة أعداد الفاروا على الحضنة والنحل (شدة الإصابة) ، إذ سجّل معامل ارتباط قوي ومعنوي بين متوسط أعداد الفاروا المشوهة في الطوائف وأعداد الفاروا في الطوائف (على النحل والحضنة) ، وبلغ معامل الارتباط (r = 0.937).
Sobre la esencia y Estructura dinámica de la realidad, textos claves en la construcción del pensamiento filosófico de Ignacio Ellacuría
Authors: Carrera Randall
Published: November 2020

Two fundamental theses are defended in this investigation. The first is built about the interpretation of Xavier Zubiri's thought made by his disciple Ignacio Ellacuría, with the aim of highlight its validity and topicality. The second, presents the need to delve into Ellacuría's metaphysical starting thoughts. to make a suitable interpretation of his mature thinking. It ends with explanation of some conclusions on the current status of these tapies.
Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 155, 2020: 47-66
Produção de conhecimento interdisciplinar: um modelo conceitual de colaboração científica no Programa de Pró-Graduação em Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade da UFSCar
Authors: Faria Rodrigo Justulin de , Costa Luzia Sigoli
Published: November 2020

Introdução: as pessoas, ao receberem informações relevantes, são capazes de utilizá-las em suas tomadas de decisões, tornam-se mais flexíveis e conseguem visualizar caminhos antes não explorados, projetando, assim, novos horizontes. Nas empresas, a Gestão do Conhecimento, mais do que o fazer das pessoas, envolve seus conhecimentos e habilidades. As organizações dependem de como as pessoas utilizam seus conhecimentos para abordar novos assuntos e tendências de forma coletiva em seus ambientes de trabalho. Objetivo: o objetivo geral desta pesquisa é propor um modelo conceitual de colaboração científica que possa evidenciar de que forma se estabeleceu ou não a interdisciplinaridade ao longo dos dez anos de desenvolvimento das pesquisas no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade da Universidade Federal de São Carlos. Metodologia: a pesquisa tem um caráter exploratório, numa abordagem quali-quantitativa, compreendendo as seguintes etapas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental; coleta de dados empíricos, referente aos docentes e discentes do PPGCTS e tratamento dos dados com o auxílio do VantagePoint; e análise dos dados empíricos à luz das teorias e conceitos de interdisciplinaridade e colaboração científica. Resultados: os resultados obtidos evidenciam interações, associando o capital intelectual individual de cada membro do Programa e, com isso, fomenta novas ideias e soluções, dando maior visibilidade para a produção científica colaborativa do Programa, tornando-o melhor posicionado no cenário educacional brasileiro. Conclusão: a construção de um modelo conceitual de colaboração científica para a produção de conhecimento interdisciplinar permite não só contribuir para melhor explicitar a trajetória da produção científica do Programa até este presente momento, como, principalmente, reunir subsídios para projetar o seu futuro numa perspectiva da geração de um conhecimento colaborativo e, consequentemente, interdisciplinar.
Toxicological and ecotoxicological pressure due to pesticide use in Sancti Spíritus, Cuba
Authors: López-Dávila Edelbis , Houbraken Michael , De Rop Jasmine , Du Laing Gijs , Romero Osvaldo , Spanoghe Pieter
Published: November 2020

Aim of study: To quantify the toxicity and ecotoxicological pressure of pesticides in Sancti Spíritus province, Cuba, between 2011 and 2014.Material and methods: A longitudinal descriptive study was designed for the study period, to identify potential risks to the environment and human health associated with the use of pesticides. In order to determine the toxicity and ecotoxicity of pesticide use, ƩSeq (Spread equivalents), POCER (Pesticide Occupational and Environmental Risk) indicator, and the Toxic Load (TL) methodology of the Plant Health Cuban Institute were used.Main results: Corresponding to 62 chemical families, 124 active ingredients were applied in the province during the study period. Organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, inorganic compounds (such as copper), dithiocarbamates, aryloxyphenoxypropionates, neonicotinoids, sulfonylurea, triazoles, and organochlorines predominated due to their frequency of use. Use of toxic-pesticides, lack of personal protection equipment amount others made workers, residents and applicators the toxicological modules with the highest risk of exposure. From the POCER results we found that aquatic organisms, persistence, and groundwater are the modules with the highest ecotoxicological pressure.Research highlights: With the use of the POCER indicator as well as ƩSeq, a more accurate assessment of toxicity and ecotoxicity from certain pesticide can be done instead of the TL equation currently used in Cuba. In addition substitution of the most toxic pesticides by less toxic ones could help to reduce synthetic pesticide pressure on humans and the environment. This study can help to develop policies and management practices to reduce the hazards of synthetic pesticide use in Cuba.
Analysis of Public Transparency in Municipal People Management in the State of Rondônia, Brazil
Authors: Colares José Carlos de Souza , Neves Henrique De Castro , Cavalcante Márcio José Matias , Silva Rosangela Aparecida da , Santos Jean Carlo Silva dos , Filho Flavio De São Pedro
Published: November 2020

This article aims to investigate and present the current situation instituted by the municipalities of the State of Rondônia in the processes of transparency and accountability in people management. The scope of this study covered the research on whether the municipalities of the State, represented by the respective municipal governments, use institutional mechanisms to promote public transparency and to apply accountability in people management processes. The analysis was carried out in twenty municipalities previously selected using a quali-quantitative research instrument that encompasses four dimensions and eleven indicators designed to measure the extent to which these mechanisms are being applied. As a research method, the case study was used, being carried out an exploratory and descriptive research with a qualitative and quantitative approach. As a research source, bibliographic, documentary and field research were sought. The results showed that transparent information and accountability in people management is precarious, which compromises the participation and interaction of society in the monitoring and control of actions, indicating weakness in the monitoring and evaluation of accountability regarding the management of human resources of these institutions.
Psychological morbidity associated with prostate cancer: Rates and predictors of depression in the RADICAL PC study
Authors: Fervaha Gagan , Izard Jason P. , Tripp Dean A. , Aghel Nazanin , Shayegan Bobby , Klotz Laurence , Niazi Tamim , Fradet Vincent , Taussky Daniel , Lavallée Luke T. , Hamilton Robert J. , Brown Ian , Chin Joseph , Gopaul Darin , Violette Philippe D. , Davis Margot K. , Karampatos Sarah , Pinthus Jehonathan H. , Leong Darryl P. , Siemens D. Robert
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Across all cancer sites and stages, prostate cancer has one of the greatest median five-year survival rates, highlighting the important focus on survivorship issues following diagnosis and treatment. In the current study, we sought to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of depression in a large, multicenter, contemporary, prospectively collected sample of men with prostate cancer.

Methods: Data from the current study were drawn from the baseline visit of men enrolled in the RADICAL PC study. Men with a new diagnosis of prostate cancer or patients initiating androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer for the first time were recruited. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the nine-item version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). To evaluate factors associated with depression, a multivariable logistic regression model was constructed, including biological, psychological, and social predictor variables.

Results: Data from 2445 patients were analyzed. Of these, 201 (8.2%) endorsed clinically significant depression. Younger age (odds ratio [OR] 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–1.60 per 10-year decrease), being a current smoker (OR 2.77; 95% CI 1.66–4.58), former alcohol use (OR 2.63; 95% CI 1.33–5.20), poorer performance status (OR 5.01; 95% CI 3.49–7.20), having a pre-existing clinical diagnosis of depression or anxiety (OR 3.64; 95% CI 2.42–5.48), and having high-risk prostate cancer (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.05–2.12) all conferred independent risk for depression.

Conclusions: Clinically significant depression is common in men with prostate cancer. Depression risk is associated with a host of biopsychosocial variables. Clinicians should be vigilant to screen for depression in those patients with poor social determinants of health, concomitant disability, and advanced disease.
How Sensitive are Optimal Fully Renewable Power Systems to Technology Cost Uncertainty?
Authors: Shirizadeh Behrang , Perrier Quentin , Quirion Philippe
Published: November 2020

Many studies have demonstrated the feasibility of fully renewable power systems.Yet the future costs of key technologies are highly uncertain, and little is known about the robustness of a renewable power system to these uncertainties. To analyze it, we build 315 cost scenarios by varying the costs of key technologies and we model the optimal renewable power system for France, simultaneously optimizing investment and dispatch. We add to the literature by studying a consecutive 18-years weather period; by testing all combinations of technology costs rather than changing them one-at-a-time; and by calculating the regret from optimizing the energy mix on the basis of cost assumptions that do not materialize.

Our results indicate that the cost of a 100% system is not that sensitive to uncertainty. Admittedly, the optimal energy mix is highly sensitive to cost assumptions: across our scenarios, the installed capacity in PV, onshore wind and power-to-gas varies by a factor of 5, batteries and offshore wind even more. However, in every scenario the total production and storage cost is similar to, or lower than the current cost. This indicates that renewable technologies will become by and large substitutable. Moreover, even if the energy mix is optimized based on cost assumptions which turn out to be wrong, the extra cost is low: 4% in average and less than 9% in 95% of the scenarios.
The Impact of Capacity Market Auctions on Wholesale Electricity Prices
Authors: Moraiz Francisco , Scott Dominic
Published: November 2020

The objective of this analysis is to shed light on the impact—on electricity prices and net costs borne by the consumer—of the introduction of the Capacity Market.The analysis uses the ‘surprise’ announcement of the introduction of a Capacity Market Early Auction to assess its impact on wholesale prices using the ‘differ-ence-in-differences’ (did) method. Although we cannot exclude entirely the possibility of other drivers, our results suggest that the announcement of introduction of the Early Auction may have reduced the spread between peak and base prices by £0.84/MWh. This may be consistent with a reduction in wholesale revenues of about half the total value of the Capacity Market of £380 million. Our research is subject to a number of assumptions and accompanying caveats which we spell out.
Formação e atuação profissional: egressos do curso de Lazer e Turismo – USP
Authors: Santos Carla Augusta Nogueira Lima e , Isayama Helder Ferreira
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Identificar a inserção dos egressos do curso Lazer e Turismo, da Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades da USP, no mercado de trabalho, reconhecendo os setores de atuação aos quais estão vinculados e as funções que desenvolvem.Metodologia: A estratégia escolhida para a coleta de dados combinou as pesquisas bibliográfica, documental (projeto pedagógico do curso e site da instituição) e de campo. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada com 73 egressos, mediante aplicação de questionário online. Originalidade/relevância: Ter conhecimento da inserção dos egressos no mercado de trabalho, bem como dos setores em que atuam e das funções que desenvolvem é uma forma de compreender a identidade dos profissionais do lazer.Principais resultados: Foi possível identificar que: 52,1% dos ex alunos não estão atuando na área em que se formaram. Aqueles que estão atuando no campo do lazer (47,9%) trabalham no setor privado (81,6%) e possuem vínculo trabalhista no regime da CLT (54,1%). Os egressos pesquisados atuam em diferentes locais e assumem funções de elaboração, execução e coordenação de vivências de lazer e turismo, além do trabalho com consultoria e gestão de empresas.Contribuições teóricas metodológicas: Consideramos que as pesquisas com egressos são uma forma de retratar a dinâmica do mercado de trabalho, bem como avaliar os processos formativos ofertados.
Community-based tourism and networks: an analysis of the collaborative relationships in the Tucum Network, Brazil
Authors: Urano Debora Goes , Nóbrega Wilker Ricardo de Mendonça
Published: November 2020

Objetivo do Estudo: Buscou-se com a pesquisa analisar as relações de colaboração entre os membros da Rede Cearense de Turismo Comunitário - Rede Tucum, com base nos níveis de colaboração de Tolkach, King Pearlman (2013).Metodologia: Os dados foram coletados por meio de pesquisa documental e entrevistas com 62 atores. A abordagem da pesquisa é qualitativa e os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio de uma adaptação da análise de conteúdo.Originalidade/Relevância: A pesquisa é relevante porque os estudos sobre redes de turismo de base comunitária se concentram principalmente em propor uma abordagem de rede para fortalecer as iniciativas de turismo de base comunitária ou no papel, estruturas e organizações dessas redes. Há pouca ênfase na compreensão das relações colaborativas entre os nós da rede e os impactos dessas relações no desenvolvimento do turismo e no sucesso das redes.Principais resultados: Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o primeiro nível de colaboração é influenciado tanto pela formação dos laços comunitários como por fatores externos à comunidade. No segundo nível, identificou-se a atuação das organizações não governamentais como elo de sustentação entre as diversas comunidades, pois estimulam as conexões entre as iniciativas de turismo de base comunitária. Por último, no terceiro nível, o processo de colaboração entre os integrantes da Rede encontra-se enfraquecido, principalmente, devido às barreiras no processo de comunicação e à falta de recursos enfrentada pela Rede e pelas comunidades, causando a desarticulação das conexões.Contribuições Teóricas / Metodológicas: Uma compreensão mais profunda de como ocorrem essas relações de colaboração na Rede Tucum, permitiu identificar entraves a serem solucionados e acertos a serem potencializados o que pode contribuir para o fortalecimento do turismo nessas comunidades.
Electronic Word of Mouth (e-WOM) e escolha do destino turístico por pessoa com deficiência ou mobilidade reduzida (PcDMr)
Authors: Ferst Marklea Da Cunha , Anjos Sara Joana Gadotti dos , Coutinho Helen Rita Menezes , Flores Luiz Carlos Da Silva
Published: November 2020

Objetivo do estudo: Analisar o impacto do e-WOM   na escolha do destino turístico por pessoa com deficiência ou mobilidade reduzida (PcDMr).  Metodologia/abordagem:  Trata-se de um estudo de natureza explicativa; dedutivo e quantitativo com a utilização de uma amostra não probabilística por conveniência, com 128 pessoas com deficiência ou mobilidade reduzida. A análise de dados foi realizada com auxílio do software SPSS Statistics versão 25. Utilizou-se métodos de estatística descritiva para a análise dos dados. Análise do Teste-T e correlação entre variáveis.Originalidade/Relevância: Os estudos acadêmicos sobre o uso do e-WOM existentes não abordam a sua utilização por pessoas com deficiência ou mobilidade reduzida. A relevância acadêmica se dá face o crescimento do mercado do turismo acessível e da necessidade de conhecer melhor os hábitos deste segmento.Principais resultados: Observou-se que a maioria dos respondentes com deficiência ou mobilidade reduzida viajam acompanhados e ao menos uma vez ao ano. Quanto a acessibilidade do destino, para os turistas PcDMr esta tem influência ou pode influenciar na escolha do destino turístico. No tocante ao uso das redes sociais a maioria dos respondentes PcDMr as utiliza, tendo sido encontrada uma importante correlação entre o uso das redes sociais e a sua influência na escolha do destino, e, comparando os resultados do grupo PcDMr com o de pessoas sem deficiência (PsD), verificou-se uma correlação menor destas. Por fim, verificou-se a influência do E-WOM  na escolha do destino turístico.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Apresenta os constructos e variáveis do turismo acessível e do e-WOM  e a utilização da internet pelo turista PcDMr e como ele afeta a escolha do destino turístico por PcDMr.Contribuições sociais / para gestão: Possibilita aos analistas de mercado, profissionais de marketing, governo, empresários e pesquisadores da área do turismo, o desenvolvimento de ações eficazes para o atendimento do turista PcDMr.