bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
African and American Connivance in Congo-Zaire
Authors: Ngolet François
Published: February 2007

Kabila's power takeover has been interpreted by political analysts as orchestrated by African countries fighting rebel groups using the Zairian territory as a basis for action. This regime change has also been presented as a victory of the United States over France for the control of the central African region. This article will demonstrate that this power-shift was a combination of African countries, intervention on the ground and the action of the US diplomacy in the international scene. The African engagement is even stronger in the second Congolese civil war, but has not eliminated the US influence. This influence can still be felt behind the scenes through its strategic allies and has increased since the bombing of the two embassies in Kenya and Tanzania.
A Taste of Tibet: The Nuns of Khachoe Ghakyil Ling Nunnery and the Theatre du Soleil
Authors: Orenstein Claudia
Published: February 2007

A performance of Tibetan music and dance by the nuns of Khachoe Ghakyil Ling nunnery at the American Museum of Natural History invites a comparison between this event and a theatrical production about Tibet by the French theatre company Theatre du Soleil. Although the political plight of the Tibetan people shapes the daily lives of the nuns, it is not overtly addressed in their performance, which sets the viewer up as a removed observer of Tibetan culture. The Theatre du Soleil's production, by contrast, foregrounds the political issues and involves the audience on every level in a cultural exchange that is, nonetheless, fictional. The comparison addresses questions of cultural authenticity, the ability of performance to bring the spectator to political engagement, and the relative contributions of cultural performance on the one hand and theatre on the other.
Artistic Direction in Takechi Kabuki
Authors: Takechi Tetsuji , Lee William
Published: February 2007

In the early postwar period, one man who sought to shake up the
Japanese theatre world was renegade critic and director Takechi Tetsuji
(1912-1988). Although Takechi worked in a number of theatrical idioms,
in the early 1950s much of his energy was directed at revitalizing
kabuki, both through his own productions known as Takechi Kabuki
and through his writings. The present essay, representative of
Takechi's work during the period, not only seeks to explain the goals
of Takechi Kabuki but also includes Takechi's insightful views
on kabuki history and what was wrong with the contemporary
kabuki of the time. For Takechi the heart of the matter was artistic
direction, which he claimed had been lost in modern kabuki and
therefore had to be reintroduced in order to turn kabuki into a
truly classical theatre.
Role Types in The Paired Fish, a Chuanqi Play
Authors: Shen Jing
Published: February 2007

Chuanqi drama is a sophisticated literary and theatrical
form of late imperial China. Jing Shen shows us an interesting example
of chuanqi metatheatre. Her essay investigates the relationship
of mimesis and theatricality in the chuanqi play Bimuyu (The
Paired Fish) by analyzing the tension between the role types and the
actor-characters—an approach that gives us insights into socially
constructed categories of identity.
Presidential Address: The Wounded Healer
Authors: Jackson Stanley W.
Published: February 2007

This paper deals with the emergence, elaboration, and use of the concept of "the wounded healer." The term refers to a person whose personal experience of illness and/or trauma has left lingering effects on him—in the form of lessons learned that later served him in ministering to other sufferers, or in the form of symptoms or characteristics that usefully influenced his therapeutic endeavors. While such persons and their actions have been noted across the ages, in other cultures, and in many contexts, it was not until the early twentieth century that the patterns in the behaviors of such persons were recognized, named, explained, and categorized as "healing." Early in the century, the concept was commonly used in the fields of pastoral counseling and analytical psychology; by the end of the century it had been vastly expanded and extended and no longer referred mainly to a healer of psychological suffering. The term wounded healer is now in common use in areas such as rehabilitation medicine, medical-career choice, Alcoholics Anonymous and the self-help movement, and chronic-illness support groups, as well as in the original areas of psychotherapy and pastoral care.
Autotopography: Louise Bourgeois as Builder
Authors: Bal Mieke
Published: February 2007

What happens if the timeline implied in "bio-" in auto-biography is replaced by its spatial counterpart, "topo-"? Surely space is as influential for a person's sense of who she is as is the constantly changing series of discontinuities that constitutes a life. In this paper, an installation work by Louise Bourgeois is the interlocutor in my attempt to articulate what a spatial autobiography can be.
Collective Memory, Commemoration, Memory, and History: Or William O'Bryan, the Bible Christians, and Me
Authors: Lloyd Jennifer M.
Published: February 2007

An experiment in combining autobiography with history, the essay explores the meanings of a writer's chance encounter on a return to the Cornish farm where she grew up. These include the nature and failure of collective memory, the significance of acts of commemoration, and the importance of a shared location in shaping historical research.
Bloodsport: Thomas Goltz and the Journalist's Diary of War
Authors: Cardell Kylie
Published: February 2007

This article examines how the war correspondent Thomas Goltz negotiates the representation of war and conflict, and the exigencies of his profession as a journalist, through diary. Particularly in Chechnya Diary, the second in his "Caucasus Trilogy," Goltz uses the diary to focus on his profession and to make particular ethical and moral dilemmas visible. For Goltz, diary is a political tool, but the problem is it is also a personal device.
Biographical Fraud and Traumatic Nationalism: Joseph Ellis's Vietnam Testimony
Authors: Maslan Mark
Published: February 2007

In 2001, the Boston Globe reported that Joseph Ellis, an award-winning presidential biographer and professor of history, had lied to students and reporters about having served in the Vietnam War. This essay presents the Ellis scandal as an example of how traumatic events serve as vehicles for national affiliation, and of how the concept of trauma misrepresents our relationship to history.
Private Knowledge, Public Space: Investigation and Navigation in Devil in a Blue Dress
Authors: Berrettini Mark
Published: February 2007

Carl Franklin's Devil in a Blue Dress (1995) uses film noir's critical potential to present a studied assessment of Los Angeles' "dark" criminal terrain as it is defined by the color line. In this regard, the film pays significant attention to fig
ures historically marginalized in postwar L.A.
"Come on Home with Me": 42nd Street and the Gay Male World of the 1930s
Authors: Leff Leonard J
Published: February 2007

In 1933, when the fairy was the most visible representative of American gay culture, Warner Bros.' 42nd Street portrayed its lead character, Julian Marsh, as a "masculine homosexual" who lent a gay sensibility to the film's narrative and the music
al numbers that animated it.
"Place" and the Modernist Redemption of Empire in Black Narcissus (1947)
Authors: Jaikumar Priya
Published: February 2007

The coherence of an imperial narrative is predicated on the continuation of the colonial place as a backdrop. In Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger's Black Narcissus (1947), the fictional Himalayan community of "Mopu" becomes central enough to impede assumptions projected onto it. However, the threat of narrative collapse is averted by a visibly modernist preoccupation with the (imperial) self and the film's redemptive theme.
Reel Revolutionaries: An Examination of Hollywood's Cycle of 1960s Youth Rebellion Films
Authors: Bodroghkozy Aniko
Published: February 2007

This article analyzes how the major Hollywood studios attempted to lure youth audiences in 1969-1971 with a spate of films about campus activism and youth protest. The article also explores the responses to these representations by critics writing for the youth movement's underground newspapers.
Hollywood Musicals and the Invention of Rio de Janeiro, 1933-1953
Authors: Freire-Medeiros Bianca
Published: February 2007

This article reflects on the relationships among space, identity, and cinematic representations by looking at the ways in which Rio de Janeiro was represented in four Hollywood musicals: Flying down to Rio (1933), That Night in Rio (1941), Road to Rio (1947), and Latin Lovers (1953).
Film Noir Fascination: Outside History, but Historically So
Authors: Harris Oliver (Oliver C. G.)
Published: February 2007

Film noir is a recognized object of historical fascination,
but the structures of fascination internal to the films have yet to be
analyzed and theorized historically. The work of Maurice Blanchot and
Walter Benjamin helps locate the moral and political force of noir as
it relates to cinema spectatorship and historical experience as defined
by the fascinating image.
The Good Lynching and The Birth of a Nation: Discourses and Aesthetics of Jim Crow
Authors: Wallace Michele
Published: February 2007

The Birth of a Nation (1915) is a landmark in the development of
the feature film and in the history of American racial discourse in
the Jim Crow period. This article proposes that the corrective for
our current perspective on The Birth of a Nation is that we
more thoroughly study how the techniques of feature film inscribe and
underwrite dominant racial ideologies.
Future Directions for Pacific Studies
Authors: Firth Stewart
Published: February 2007

Pacific studies in Hawai'i and possibly New Zealand, and certainly
Hawaiian and Maori studies, are mostly conceptualized as projects
of cultural renaissance, in which the aim is to reclaim and reassert
cultural identity. The fundamental research question becomes How can
we understand the Pacific in ways that honor the past and reclaim
the future for uniquely Pacific Island ways of doing things? In the
independent Pacific and in certain other places such as the Australian
National University, Pacific studies tends to be conceptualized more,
though not exclusively, as a project of modernization and development,
and the fundamental research question becomes How can we understand the
region in ways that will make people better off?

These two central paradigms of Pacific studies, both of which contribute
to our understanding, derive from different historical experiences,
above all in the degree to which foreign influence altered or preserved
tradition. Events in Melanesia are an important part of the contemporary
political background against which we must ponder the future of Pacific
studies, and the outlook there is less positive than in Polynesia and
Micronesia. There will be less room in the future for romanticism about
Melanesian tradition and more inclination to examine the endless ways
in which Melanesians use tradition to serve modern ends.

In imagining how a Pacific studies consortium might work, the emphasis
should be on exchanges of every kind: of information over the Internet,
of staff, of courses and simulations, and of students.
Interdisciplinary Approaches in Pacific Studies: Understanding the Fiji Coup of 19 May 2000
Authors: Hereniko Vilsoni
Published: February 2007

The reasons behind Fiji's military coup of 19 May 2000 are complex, and
cannot be fully understood on a purely rational or empirical level. An
interdisciplinary approach that embraces culture and history, informed
by fiction, poetry, and drama, as well as personal experience, offers
insights into Fijian-Indian relations. In this paper I explore the nature
and usefulness of the interdisciplinary process in helping to make sense
of a specific event in Fiji's history; I also seek to better understand
the guiding principles that might inform future interdisciplinary research
and writing. This does not mean that the approach here is necessarily
applicable to understanding other similar events or topics. My primary
goal is not to lay down principles set in stone but rather to stimulate
discussion and debate on interdisciplinary approaches to Pacific studies.
Student Burnout as a Function of Personality, Social Support, and Workload
Authors: Jacobs Sheri R , Dodd David
Published: February 2007

Measures of social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social
Support), personality (General Temperament Survey), and workload were
related to psychological burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory) among 149
college students (M = 20.8 yrs.). High levels of burnout were
predicted by negative temperament and subjective workload, but actual
workload (academic and vocational) had little to do with burnout. Low
levels of burnout were predicted by positive temperament, participation
in extracurricular activities, and social support, especially from
friends.
Dimensions of women’s autonomy and the influence on maternal health care utilization in a North Indian city
Authors: Bloom Shelah S. , Wypij David , Das Gupta Monica
Published: February 2007

The dimensions of women’s autonomy and their relationship to maternal health care utilization were investigated in a probability sample of 300 women in Varanasi, India. We examined the determinants of women’s autonomy in three areas: control over finances, decision-making power, and freedom of movement. After we control for age, education, household structure, and other factors, women with closer ties to natal kin were more likely to have greater autonomy in each of these three areas. Further analyses demonstrated that women with greater freedom of movement obtained higher levels of antenatal care and were more likely to use safe delivery care. The influence of women’s autonomy on the use of health care appears to be as important as other known determinants such as education.
A sensitivity analysis of the bongaarts-feeney method for adjusting bias in observed period total fertility rates
Authors: Yi Zeng , Land Kenneth C.
Published: February 2007

Our sensitivity analysis shows that the adjusted TFR(t) using the formula of Bongaarts and Feeney (1998), which assumes an invariant shape for the fertility schedule, usually does not differ significantly from an adjusted TFR(t) that allows the shape of the fertility schedule to change at a constant annual rate. Because annual changes in the shape of the fertility schedules often are approximately constant except in abnormal conditions, the Bongaarts-Feeney (B-F) method is generally robust for producing reasonable estimates of the adjusted TFR(t). The adjusted TFR(t) neither represents any real cohort experiences from the past nor forecasts any future trend. It merely provides an improved reading of the period fertility measure, which reduces the tempo distortion.
Increasing longevity and medicare expenditures
Authors: Miller Tim
Published: February 2007

Official Medicare projections forecast that the elderly population will be less healthy and more costly over the next century. This prediction stems from the use of age as an indicator of health status: increases in longevity are assumed to increase demand for health care as individuals survive to older and higher-use ages. In this paper I suggest an alternative approach, in which time until death replaces age as the demographic indicator of health status. Increases in longevity are assumed to postpone the higher Medicare use and costs associated with the final decade of life. I contrast the two approaches, using mortality forecasts consistent with recent projections from the U.S. Census Bureau and the Social Security Administration. The time-until-death method yields significantly lower-cost forecasts. The hypothetical cost savings from improved health are small, however, relative to the size of the Medicare solvency problem caused by population aging.
Educational stratification by ethnicity in China: Enrollment and attainment in the early reform years
Authors: Hannum Emily
Published: February 2007

Using evidence about educational disparities, this article demonstrates the need for attention to minority populations in studies of social stratification in China. Analyses of data from a 1992 survey of children demonstrate substantial ethnic differences in enrollment among rural 7- to 14 year olds, with rates for ethnic Chinese boys roughly double those for girls from certain ethnic groups. Multivariate analyses indicate that the ethnic gap can be attributed, in part, to compositional differences in geographic location of residence and socioeconomic background. There is no general tendency of a greater gender gap for minorities than for the ethnic Chinese, but significant differences in the gender gap emerge across individual ethnic groups. Together with evidence from census data showing that ethnic disparities in junior high school transitions increased between 1982 and 1990, these results stress the continuing significance of ethnicity as a fundamental factor that conditions status attainment opportunities in China.
The effects of kin on child mortality in rural gambia
Authors: Sear Rebecca , Steele Fiona , McGregor Ian A. , Mace Ruth
Published: February 2007

We analyzed data that were collected continuously between 1950 and 1974 from a rural area of the Gambia to determine the effects of kin on child mortality. Multilevel event-history models were used to demonstrate that having a living mother, maternal grandmother, or elder sisters had a significant positive effect on the survival probabilities of children, whereas having a living father, paternal grandmother, grandfather, or elder brothers had no effect. The mother’s remarriage to a new husband had a detrimental effect on child survival, but there was little difference in the mortality rates of children who were born to monogamous or polygynous fathers. The implications of these results for understanding the evolution of human life-history are discussed.
Aids and the elderly of thailand: projecting familial impacts
Authors: Wachter Kenneth W. , Knodel John E. , Vanlandingham Mark
Published: February 2007

We apply aggregate demographic analysis and computer microsimulation to project the number of older Thais who will lose children to AIDS during their own lifetimes and to assess their involvement with ill children through caregiving and coresidence. Parental bereavements from AIDS are predicted to peak at around 80,000 per year between 2003 and 2007. Despite an HIV prevalence of only 2%, 13% of Thais who were over age 50 as of 1995 are likely to experience the loss of at least one adult child to AIDS, and 12% of them will lose multiple children. The chance of losing an adult child during onés lifetime will be 70% higher than if there were no AIDS epidemic.
The effects of early maternal employment on child cognitive development
Authors: Waldfogel Jane , Han Wen-Jui , Brooks-Gunn Jeanne
Published: February 2007

We investigated the effects of early maternal employment on children’s cognitive outcomes, using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth on 1,872 children who can be followed from birth to age 7 or 8. We found some persistent adverse effects of first-year maternal employment and some positive effects of second- and third-year maternal employment on cognitive outcomes for non-Hispanic white children, but not for African American or Hispanic children. These effects are present even after we controlled for a range of individual and family characteristics that affect child development, including those that are likely to be correlated with maternal employment, such as breast-feeding and the use of nonmaternal child care. Controlling for family fixed effects reduces the effects of early maternal employment on some cognitive outcomes but not on others.
Cohort and life-course patterns in the relationship between education and health: A hierarchical approach
Authors: Lynch Scott M.
Published: February 2007

Recent medical sociological research has examined whether the relationship between education and health is dynamic across age, whereas recent demographic research has examined whether the relationship varies across cohorts. In this study, I examine how cohort structures the influence of education on life-course health trajectories. At the cohort level, changes in education and in the distribution of health and mortality make cohort differences in education’s effect probable. At the life-course level, the effect of education may vary across age because the mediators of the education-health relationship may vary in their relevance to health across the life course. Using basic regression analyses and random-effects models of two national data sets, I find that the effect of education strengthens across age, that this pattern is becoming stronger across cohorts, and that these patterns are suppressed when either effect is ignored.
"The Little Blue Flower Is Red": Relics and the Poetizing of the Body
Authors: Miller Patricia Cox
Published: February 2007

Viewing relics from the perspectives of the rhetoric and art in which
they were embedded, this essay argues that the transformative process
whereby human body-parts became relics was aesthetic. Attentive both to
the specter of idolatry and to the danger of a spirituality that negates
"matter," late ancient Christians created a religio-aesthetic environment
within which the remains of special human beings could be apprehended
as relics, that is, as spiritual objects worthy of ritual devotion. More
specifically, the paper focuses on such relic-minded Christians as
Prudentius, Asterius of Amaseia, and Paulinus of Nola. Their use of a
particular rhetorical form, the ekphrasis, is highlighted as a major
component of the aesthetic style that vested in bones a signifying
capacity that marked their emergence as relics. In addition, the paper
explores literary and artistic dependence on an aesthetic sensibility
associated with the late ancient cultural taste for color and brilliance
that contributed to the sensuously intense atmosphere within which the
cult of relics achieved expression.
Jewish Antagonism or Christian Polemic: The Case of the Martyrdom of Pionius
Authors: Gibson E. Leigh
Published: February 2007

Recent treatments of Martyrdom of Pionius have vigorously argued for the "authenticity" of this account of Pionius' death and its apparent depiction of Jewish antagonism towards Christian martyrs in third-century Smyrna. Although significant material evidence corroborates aspects of the text, the speeches remain open for interpretation. A careful reading suggests that they are not original to the document but instead are the product of an intra Christian polemic against Christians who visited synagogues. This conclusion is then briefly considered in the context of other ancient references to Jewish Christian relations in Smyrna.
Rethinking the "Gnostic Mary": Mary of Nazareth and Mary of Magdala in Early Christian Tradition
Authors: Shoemaker Stephen J.
Published: February 2007

Numerous early Christian apocrypha, including several so-called
"gnostic" texts, include a character known as "Mary," whose identity
is usually other-wise unspecified. Generally, this "Mary" appears
as an associate or, some-times, as a rival, of the apostles, who is
filled with knowledge of the "gnostic" mysteries. Although scholars
have persistently identified this Mary with Mary the Magdalene,
rather than Mary of Nazareth, this interpretive dogma is based on evidence
that it is at best inconclusive. This article reexamines the relevant
apocrypha, as well as incorporating much previously overlooked evidence
to argue that Mary of Nazareth is an equally important contributor to the
"gnostic Mary's" identity. The gnostic Mary, it turns out, is a composite
figure, who draws on the identities of both the Magdalene and the
Virgin, rather than being the representation of a single historical
individual. This new perspective will present both consequences and
opportunities for feminist interpretations of early Christianity and
the veneration of Mary of Nazareth.
Julian of Aeclanum on Pain
Authors: Lossl Josef
Published: February 2007

Pain was one of the issues debated between Julian
of Aeclanum and Augustine of Hippo. For Augustine pain was an evil
caused by original sin. Julian argued that, in the context of creation
as a whole, pain can be treated as a good, since its moderate forms are
creational. Only in excess are they evil. This article aims at presenting
Julian's position in detail, not only in the context of the debate with
Augustine, but in the wider context of late ancient philosophy and early
Christian doctrine. Julian is well acquainted with philosophical and
medical texts and with the biblical and patristic tradition. He rejects
Augustine's attempt to work all these into a universal theological theory
of pain and thereby deny, in Julian's view, philosophy and medicine
their relative autonomy. Julian's plea—as a theologian—for
a rational and empirical approach to pain draws as much upon ancient
sources as it anticipates an attitude towards natural science and
philosophy usually associated with much later periods in history.
Judicial Nightmares and Christian Memory
Authors: Shaw Brent D
Published: February 2007

An institution whose effects were as traumatic, mundane, spectacular, and ordinary as the Roman trial necessarily left its imprint on the consciousness, both waking and unwaking, of the empire's subjects. The experience of going to court provoked a recursive dynamic in which images of the judicial process were recalled and replayed. Memories of trial and punishment became a kind of recollection that was an ekphrasis of the experience. Since Roman courts were so central to their history and to their ongoing experience, Christians, and their texts, especially reflect this imperial subjectivity. The judicial nightmare was a rhetorical form that both enabled memory and configured response. The dreamworld of Christian consciousness reveals what was necessary to the making of this kind of subjectivity, and the necessary qualities of the memories themselves.
Janet Schaw and the Complexions of Empire
Authors: Coleman Deirdre
Published: February 2007

This essay considers the development of racial ideology in the eighteenth century in the context of a comparative colonial cultural history of the British West Indies and of North America. It focuses on the racialization of whiteness in the 1760s and 1770s and on the way in which this racialization of skin color relates to issues of gender. Janet Schaw's Journal of a Lady of Quality(1774-6) is the principal text for this enquiry. The concluding section of the paper argues that mid-eighteenth-century discourses of whitening and whiteness form an important cultural context for understanding later abolitionist texts.
Bodies of Type: The Work of Textual Production in English Printers' Manuals
Authors: Maruca Lisa
Published: February 2007

This essay examines the shifting, ideologically situated and contested
representations of print texts and technologies in two representative
printers' manuals: Joseph Moxon's 1683 Mechanick Exercises on the
Whole Art of Printing and John Smith's 1755 The Printer's Grammar.
The construction of orderly print is supported in each by changing
discourses of sexuality and gender. Moxon's manual celebrates the
heterosexual working bodies of print, the laborers whose physical
production of print is as important as the text supplied by writers. In
Smith, however, the naturalized gendering of a now invisible print
privileges only the Author, whose disembodied intellect transcends the
physical book.
Facing Racial Revolution: Captivity Narratives and Identity in the Saint-Domingue Insurrection
Authors: Popkin Jeremy D.
Published: February 2007

First-person narratives by whites taken captive during the slave rebellion that eventually led to the creation of the independent black republic of Haiti are of great interest for the development of thinking about race in the revolutionary era. The authors of these narratives were the first whites to face situations in which blacks not only challenged white rule, but created military and political structures of their own and induced some whites—including Gros and Descourtilz, the authors of the two most extensive published captivity narratives from the period—to accept a subordinate status within them. The first-person character of these testimonies enabled their authors to go beyond the standard stereotypes of writing about the black insurgents. Written in the period in which modern autobiographical narrative was taking shape, these texts show that first-person writing could serve to show the deconstruction of the autonomous white male ego as well as its affirmation.
Civic Melancholy: English Gloom and French Enlightenment
Authors: Gidal Eric
Published: February 2007

This essay revisits the clichéd opposition of the splenetic English and the lighthearted French found in travel writing, novels, and political and cultural criticism throughout the eighteenth century. It observes how French writers from Voltaire and Prévost to Montesquieu, Grosley, and Madame de Staël transformed melancholy from a sign of humoral imbalance, intellectual genius, or religious vocation into both a symptom and cause of political freedom and national identity. These eighteenth-century thinkers offer a model of a peculiarly civic melancholy that stands as a link between earlier humoral theories of emotional dispositions and modern psychoanalytical accounts of national ideologies.
Critical Conditions: Coleridge, "Common Sense," and the Literature of Self-experiment
Authors: Jackson Noel B
Published: February 2007

My essay on the "experimental" Romantic lyric situates this genre in a philosophical and scientific context. Reading Coleridge's "Frost at Midnight" in conjunction with contemporary depictions of
scientific self-experimentation, I argue that the literary experiment poses a question, often associated with Immanuel Kant, of how, through self-reflection, one determines the basis for an aesthetic "common sense." Against the tendency of much recent historicist criticism to identify such forms of lyric inwardness with political escapism, however, I argue that Coleridge's lyric - and offspring such as Thomas De Quincey's opium memoirs - must be understood as efforts to conceive the aesthetic as the basis for imagining altered conditions of judgment and for communities based on the same.
Ovid and the Question of Politics in Early Modern England
Authors: James Heather
Published: February 2007

The history of commentary on Ovid's Metamorphoses reveals that Ovid's bold speech and erotic themes influenced political thought as well as poetic form in early modern England. As the poem's later editors respond to earlier editions, they leave a suggestive record of poetic and political interpretation. At stake in James's analysis is the relationship of political ideas -- just governance, parliamentary counsel, and the liberties of subjects -- to the erotic themes and wandering form of Ovid's poem. After considering the commentary tradition and especially the work of George Sandys, James identifies ways in which Ovid's poem influences the form of political thought in poetry.
Poe in Love: Pedophilia, Morbidity, and the Logic of Slavery
Authors: Coviello Peter
Published: February 2007

This essay takes up the disturbances of intimacy in the writings of Edgar Allan Poe. Attempting to bridge historicist and psychoanalytic accounts of Poe--accounts that that address race and sex, respectively? I examine Poe's monstrous re-animate women as projections of an acute anxiety about the uncertain aliveness of the slave, and show how Poe's drive to sequester a racialized corporeal turbulence in the bodies of women means, in turn, that only little girls (not yet burdened with the depredations of adult femininity) appear to him as suitably unthreatening objects for intimate, sexual investment.
Richard II and the Taint of Metonymy
Authors: Menon Madhavi
Published: February 2007

This essay repositions the study of Renaissance sexuality within the portals of rhetoric both because period studies of rhetoric are themselves insistently sexual, and because the drama of the time--notably Shakespeare's--revels in making language the medium and end of sexual desire. Such an emphasis on the sexuality of rhetoric assumes tropological undercurrents that might not be represented explicitly as sexual tensions, but which ensure the battle for sexual supremacy is waged between rhetorical tropes. Shakespeare's Richard II is one of many such battlegrounds, and the king's murder is complicated by sexual factors lurking in the textual undergrowth.
Reversal of Fortune: Shakespeare, Middleton, and the Puritans
Authors: Yachnin Paul Edward
Published: February 2007

While it is obvious now that Thomas Middleton's The Puritan Widow is not by Shakespeare, it was not obvious in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. This essay considers the history of the canonical fortunes of Puritan Widow vis-�-vis another "puritan" play, Shakespeare's Twelfth Night. The stage-puritans in both plays can lead us toward an account of the social embeddedness of Shakespeare and Middleton's differing dramatic styles, especially their different approaches to characterization; and this, in turn, can suggest something about the two playwrights' greatly contrasting canonical fortunes over the long term.
What Determined the Content of Missionary Reports? The Jesuit Relations Compared with the Iberian Jesuit Accounts
Authors: Abe Takao
Published: February 2007

Une �tude isol�e des Relations des J�suites
�crites dans la Nouvelle France fait croire que ces documents
d�couvrent seulement des diff�rences entre les diverses
personalit�s et opinions au sujet des m�thodes missionaires,
aussi bien que du z�le religieux et de l'�rudition
profane. Pourtant, une comparaison entre Les Relations et les lettres des
J�suites ib�res �crites au Japon fait voir une autre
perspective. Cette �tude d�montre trois choses: d'abord,
ind�pendent des personalit�s des pr�tres, la teneur de
la correspondance des J�suites changea et se d�veloppa de
la m�me fa�on au Japon et en Huronie. Deuxi�mement,
peu importe que les relations semblent �tre personelles,
les int�r�ts collectifs et religieux de la mission
j�suite sont plus importants. Finalement, en se doutant des
images assez fixes de ces J�suites, cette �tude essaie
� reinterpr�ter ces personalit�s dans un contexte
international.
Crossing Gender Boundaries: Tupi and European Women in the Eyes of Claude d'Abbeville
Authors: Fishman Laura T.
Published: February 2007

L'oeuvre de Claude d'Abbeville, missionnaire capucin aux
Tupinamba du Brésil au commencement du dix-septième
siècle, était fortement imprégnée par
les idées de sexe européennes. Mais ses rapports
sur le travail, la guerre, les relations sexuelles, et la vie
familiale autochtones révélaient que les femmes
tupinambas se comportaient bien autrement que dans l'Europe de son
époque. Néanmoins, il affirmait que les hommes dominaient
sur la société tupinamba. Ses conclusions peuvent être
interprétées comme une rectification des théories
des historiens féministes récents, qui croyaient que
les femmes amérindiennes jouissaient de l'autonomie, ou comme
un reflet du biais mâle d'Abbeville. En réalité,
son admiration pour les femmes tupinambas masquait une censure à
peine dissimulée des vices moraux des femmes européennes,
et sa pitié justifiait l'introduction de la religion, la loi,
et des normes de comportement entre les sexes françaises chez les
Tupinambas. Abbeville affichait de 1'optimisme dans le succès de
sa mission et croyait qu'elle portait fin aux injures infligées
sur les femmes tupinambas.
Imaging The Europeans: Illustrations to the Polish Translation of James's Text
Authors: Ziaja-Buchholtz Miroslawa
Published: February 2007

The article compares the linguistic and the non-linguistic
translation of James's The Europeans: Zofia Zinserling's Polish
text and Wieslsaw Walkuski's four accompanying pictures in pen and
ink. Walkuski's project is discussed in the following contexts:
the changing tradition of cover design for James translations into
Polish, Jim Dine's artistic commentary on "The Madonna of the
Future," Alvin Langdon Coburn's photogravures for the New York
Edition, and James's own views on the art of illustration. Working
with the hypothesis that the artist and the translator impersonate
the two Europeans of the title, the article praises Waÿkuski's
reading of James's ambiguity.
Translation as Criticism: A Century of James Appreciation in Japan
Authors: Nabae Hitomi
Published: February 2007

This paper surveys the past one hundred years of James appreciation and scholarship in Japan with a focus on the translation of his works. Its history is discussed in four phases: first, the dawn of Anglo-American studies and its transformations up to the end of WWII (1900-1945); second, the post-WWII reconstruction period (1945-1970); third, the prime period of Japan's economy (1970-1990); and last, the contemporary period (1990-2002). A list of selected translations of James's works is also included. This paper was originally presented at the Henry James Society International Conference, "Henry James Today" (2002).
Kantis Legal Metaphor and the Nature of a Deduction
Authors: Proops Ian
Published: February 2007

Building on work of Dieter Henrich, the essay argues that Kant's legal metaphors suggest that the Deductions in Kant's first two Critiques share a common structure. Each has a first part corresponding to the "factum" of a legal deduction, and a second part corresponding to a proof of the validity of a legal claim from this basis. The relevant factum in the first Critique is the fact--revealed by the Metaphysical Deduction--that the categories have a priori origins; in the second, it is the so-called 'Fact of Reason'. Each 'factum' both requires a proof and admits of one.
Augustine and the Cognitive Cause of Stoic Preliminary Passionsi ( Propatheiai )
Authors: Byers Sarah C
Published: February 2007

Augustine made a significant contribution to the history of philosophical accounts of affectivity which scholars have not yet noticed. He resolved a problem with the Stoic theory as it was known to him: the question of the cognitive cause of "preliminary passions" ( propatheiai ), reflex-like affective reactions which must be immediately controlled if a morally bad emotion is to be avoided. He identified this cognitive cause as momentary doubt , as I demonstrate by citing passages from sermons spanning twenty-seven years in which Augustine consistently used a particular set of scriptural images and phrases as precise analogies for mental and affective states.
Student Perceptions of Teacher Ethnic Bias: A Comparison of Mexican American and Non-Latino White Dropouts and Students
Authors: Wayman Jeffrey C
Published: February 2007

Student alienation from school is a major cause of dropping out
of high school and poor teacher-student relationships are often
cited in describing student alienation. An under-studied aspect
of poor teacher-student relationships is student perception that
teachers treat some students differently because of the student's
ethnicity. Previous studies on this topic have been isolated to dropouts
and minority students, and have been conducted using small numbers of
participants. Thus, it is unknown what the prevalence of such perceptions
in the overall student population are, as well as perception differences
by dropout status and ethnicity. The present study addressed these
issues by utilizing a large-scale dropout database to describe student
perception of teacher ethnic bias in Mexican American and non-Latino white
dropouts, students at risk of dropping out, and students in the overall
school population. Results indicated that although perceptions of teacher
ethnic bias are not rampant, such perceptions exist, more so in dropouts,
Mexican American adolescents, and males. Implications for future research,
schools, teachers, and teacher preparation programs are discussed.
School Relations: Moving from Monologue to Dialogue
Authors: Roy Kaustuv , Swaminathan Raji
Published: February 2007

This article investigates the existing nature of
relationship between the student, the adults in charge of schools and the
curriculum, and argues that the nature of the encounter between these
participants in schools often results in a "miscounter" rather than in
actual contact and produces a variety of monologues. The article goes
on to discuss the possibilities of establishing real contact through a
dialogic relationship instead.
Conjuring "Comfort Women": Mediated Affiliations and Disciplined Subjects in Korean/American Transnationality
Authors: Kang Hyun Yi
Published: February 2007

The matter of Korean "comfort women" poses multiple problems — of nomination, of identification, of representation, and of knowledge-production. This essay considers the possible implications of the various efforts by Korean/Americans to recall and represent Korean "comfort women" in literature, film/video, visual arts, and scholarship. Rather than attributing a shared ethnic and/or gender identity as the secure origin or compelling cause of their representational impulse, it argues that these efforts dispel the wishful trajectory in which a more intimate identification with the Korean "comfort women" leads to better representations of the "comfort women," which in turn secures greater justice for these women.
Falling Apart to Stay Together: Deep Play in the Grand Marais Mardi Gras
Authors: Ancelet Barry Jean
Published: February 2007

This article examines a form of deep play in the Grand Marais Mardi Gras, one that involves a deeper level of play for the sake of the game itself. The improvised drama that is at the heart of this ritual celebration is occasionally used by its celebrants, who push themselves to the brink of dissolution in an apparent attempt to exact a commitment from the group.
New Ethnicity and Ukrainian Canadian Social Dances
Authors: Nahachewsky Andriy
Published: February 2007

The participatory dance repertoire of rural Ukrainian Canadians reveals several patterns of continuity and change. A few dances appear to have become increasingly associated over time with Ukrainian ethnicity. Interestingly, these are exactly the dances whose forms underwent the greatest mutations in Canada. The concept of "new ethnicity" provides an explanation.
Repetition, Innovation, and Representation in Don Messer's Media Repertoire
Authors: Rosenberg Neil V
Published: February 2007

Canadian fiddler Don Messer saved a massive collection of personal documents that enable researchers to examine questions of repertoire, including definition, use, and meaning. The contrast between his relatively well-documented "old-time" media repertoire and the less-documented "modern" dance repertoire underscores the selective nature of the process of canon formation.
"Eat the World": Postcolonial Encounters in Quebec City's Ethnic Restaurants
Authors: Turgeon Laurier , Pastinelli Madeleine
Published: February 2007

This article examines intercultural contact in Quebec City�s ethnic restaurants. The results of this multisited inquiry show that ethnic restaurants have developed rapidly, representing microspaces of intercultural encounter and exchange, places where people can see, touch, and consume the cuisine of the "other." More specifically, this article explores the ways in which eating reduces difference and distance; how it evokes cultural and geographical appropriation. Ethnic restaurants represent deterritorialized "ethnosites" in which the foreign is made familiar and the global miniaturized. They provide the opportunity to "taste" difference and to "eat" exotic cultures from faraway places without leaving home. In the same way that the bourgeois restaurant of the 19th century was a site for the consumption of the nation, through the presentation of regional cuisine, the ethnic restaurant has become in postcolonial societies a place for the consumption of the world.
Yucatan's Dancing Pig's Head ( Cuch ): Icon, Carnival, and Commodity
Authors: Loewe Ronald
Published: February 2007

As a central feature of the annual fiesta, the
Maya cuch ceremony and its various transformations
have been a staple of ethnographic description for more than fifty
years. Through this investiture ceremony, responsibility for organizing
the fiesta is passed from one religious confraternity to another. Although
descriptions of the cuch abound, the ethnography of performance remains
fragmented. Ethnographies tend to privilege or essentialize particular
performances and ignore variants that violate the ethnographer's notion
of authenticity. Indeed, the multiplicity of labels in Spanish and Maya
used to describe the cuch and its transformations—cuch,
k'ub pol, okostah pol, baile del cochino, etc.—leaves
the impression that different enactments or performances bear little
or no relation to one another. In contrast, the present article
demonstrates the dialogical relations between various transformations
of the cuch—pious, satirical, and folkloric—as an aid to
interpreting more heterodox performances. In particular, following
Bakhtin, the author argues that the rich parody which permeates the
k'ub pol—a transformation of the cuch performed on some former
henequén plantations—is invariably lost, or reduced
to an innocent burlesque, if one fails to recognize its relationship to
more sober, "Catholic" interpretations of the cuch.
"Sans peur et sans reproche": The Retirement, Death, and Mourning of Sir Douglas Haig, 1918-1928
Authors: Todman Daniel
Published: February 2007

The death of Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig in January 1928 was the
occasion of great public and private mourning throughout the United
Kingdom, marking it out from the passing of other Great War generals. This
article examines the scale and character of that mourning and suggests
that they were the result not only of his wartime victory, but also of
Haig's postwar activities and the chronological location of his death
in the context of postwar bereavement and remembrance.
"Fighting Is an Art": The Army of the Republic of Vietnam's Defense of Xuan Loc, 9-21 April 1975
Authors: Veith George J. , Pribbenow Merle L
Published: February 2007

From early to mid-April 1975, the South Vietnamese 18th Division,
defending the strategic road junction of Xuan Loc northeast of Saigon,
held off massive attacks by an entire North Vietnamese Army corps engaged
in a surprise assault to overrun Saigon and quickly end the war. Enduring
extremely heavy fighting, they stopped the communist offensive before
being ordered to retreat and help defend Saigon. While communist
forces were guilty of over-confidence, the 18th Division's superb
performance was largely the result of the combat skills, prior planning,
and inspirational leadership of their commander, Brigadier General Le
Minh Dao, who demonstrated that even in South Vietnam's darkest hour,
the much-maligned soldiers of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam would
fight when led by able officers.
Recommendations for Reform
Authors: Smolka Richard G
Published: February 2007

The controversy over the vote count in the U.S. presidential election
gripped the attention of the world. Six leading election experts from
the United States and abroad discuss the causes of the debacle and offer
some remedies.
Reflections from Russia
Authors: Veshnyakov A. A
Published: February 2007

The controversy over the vote count in the U.S. presidential election
gripped the attention of the world. Six leading election experts from
the United States and abroad discuss the causes of the debacle and offer
some remedies.
Africa: States in Crisis
Authors: Joseph Richard A
Published: February 2007

Democratic and economic development will become sustainable in sub-
Saharan Africa only with the emergence of coherent, legitimate, and
effective states.