bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rare intraparenchymal choroid plexus carcinoma resembling atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor diagnosed by immunostaining for INI1 protein
Authors: Stevens E. Andrew , Stanton Constance A. , Nichols Kyle , Ellis Thomas L.
Published: October 2009

The authors present the case of a rare extraventricular, intraparenchymal choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC). This 6-year-old girl presented to the emergency department with a 1-week history of headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Imaging studies revealed an intraaxial cystic and solid mass located in the right frontal lobe with central nodular enhancement and minimally enhancing cyst walls. Gross-total resection was accomplished via craniotomy without complications. The initial pathological diagnosis was atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT); however, immunostaining for INI1 protein (using the BAF47/SNF5 antibody) showed retention of nuclear staining in the tumor cells, resulting in a change in the diagnosis to CPC. There was no evidence of recurrence at the last follow-up 2.5 years after treatment, which supports the diagnosis of CPC over AT/RT. This case emphasizes the importance of immunostaining for INI1 protein for distinguishing CPC from AT/RT in cases with atypical or indeterminate features.
Clinical and cytogenetic analysis of an intracranial inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor induced by a ventriculoperitoneal shunt
Authors: de Oliveira Ricardo Santos , Amato Marcelo Campos Moraes , Brassesco María Sol , Valera Elvis Terci , Jucá Carlos Eduardo Barros , Neder Luciano , Tone Luiz Gonzaga , Machado Hélio Rubens
Published: October 2009

The authors report the first case of an intracranial inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) associated with the placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, which occurred in a 7-year-old boy. Neuroradiological features showed a mass surrounding the ventricular catheter. The lesion was completely resected. Histological study revealed the mass to be an IMT. The patient's postoperative course was complicated by a local recurrence requiring a second surgery. Cytogenetic analysis of the sample by comparative genome hybridization revealed several chromosomal amplifications and regional losses. The occurrence of IMT in the CNS has rarely been reported. For treatment of this condition, the authors recommend a total removal of the shunt with a mass excision to prevent local recurrence.
Neurophysiological intraoperative monitoring in neurosurgery: aid or handicap?
Authors: Čabraja Mario , Stockhammer Florian , Mularski Sven , Suess Olaf , Kombos Theodoros , Vajkoczy Peter
Published: October 2009

Object

Neurophysiological intraoperative monitoring (IOM) is regarded as a useful tool to provide information about physiological changes during surgery in eloquent areas of the nervous system, to increase safety and reduce morbidity. Nevertheless, numerous older studies report that very few patients benefit from IOM, and that there are high rates of false-positive and false-negative changes of neurophysiological parameters during surgery. There is an ongoing discussion about the effectiveness of neurophysiological IOM. This questionnaire study was performed to evaluate the attitude of neurosurgeons toward neurophysiological IOM and the availability of this tool.

Methods

One hundred fifty neurosurgeons from 60 institutions in 16 countries were asked to answer anonymously a questionnaire with 11 questions. The questionnaire covered aspects of personal experience, the neurosurgical institution, and availability of neurophysiological IOM as well as asking the surgeon's opinion of the procedure.

Results

One hundred nine questionnaires were returned (73%). Seven questionnaires were excluded because of failure to complete the form correctly or completely, leaving 102 respondents from 44 institutions in 16 countries in the study; 79.5% of the included institutions provided neurophysiological IOM. Young neurosurgeons did not put more trust in IOM than experienced neurosurgeons. With growing IOM experience, surgeons seem to allow less influence of the findings on the course of their operation. At large institutions in which > 1500 operations per year are done, IOM is performed by the neurosurgeons themselves in most cases. In institutions with fewer operations, the IOM team consists mostly of nonneurosurgeons. Regardless of the availability of neurophysiological IOM, all surgeons stated that IOM is gaining increasing importance.

Conclusions

Neurophysiological IOM represents an established tool in neurosurgery. Although the importance of IOM is emphasized by the majority of neurosurgeons, the relevance of this tool to the course of the operation changes with increasing neurophysiological IOM experience.
Intraoperative mapping and monitoring of brain functions for the resection of low-grade gliomas: technical considerations
Authors: Bertani Giulio , Fava Enrica , Casaceli Giuseppe , Carrabba Giorgio , Casarotti Alessandra , Papagno Costanza , Castellano Antonella , Falini Andrea , Gaini Sergio M. , Bello Lorenzo
Published: October 2009

Low-grade gliomas ([LGGs] WHO Grade II) are slow-growing intrinsic cerebral lesions that diffusely infiltrate the brain parenchyma along white matter tracts and almost invariably show a progression toward malignancy. The treatment of these tumors forces the neurosurgeon to face uncommon difficulties and is still a subject of debate. At the authors' institution, resection is the first option in the treatment of LGGs. It requires the combined efforts of a multidisciplinary team of neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, neuropsychologists, and neurophysiologists, who together contribute to the definition of the location, extension, and extent of functional involvement that a specific lesion has caused in a particular patient. In fact, each tumor induces specific modifications of the brain functional network, with high interindividual variability. This requires that each treatment plan is tailored to the characteristics of the tumor and of the patient. Consequently, surgery is performed according to functional and anatomical boundaries to achieve the maximal resection with maximal functional preservation. The identification of eloquent cerebral areas, which are involved in motor, language, memory, and visuospatial functions and have to be preserved during surgery, is performed through the intraoperative use of brain mapping techniques. The use of these techniques extends surgical indications and improves the extent of resection, while minimizing the postoperative morbidity and safeguarding the patient's quality of life.

In this paper the authors present their paradigm for the surgical treatment of LGGs, focusing on the intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring protocol as well as on the brain mapping technique. They briefly discuss the results that have been obtained at their institution since 2005 as well as the main critical points they have encountered when using this approach.
Subcortical mapping and monitoring during insular tumor surgery
Authors: Kombos Theodoros , Süss Olaf , Vajkoczy Peter
Published: October 2009

Object

The treatment of insular tumors is controversial. Surgical treatment is associated with a higher morbidity rate than other therapies. The present work presents a new method in which the descending motor pathways are monitored during surgery for insular tumors.

Methods

Intraoperative monitoring was performed in a combination of 2 techniques. The motor cortex was stimulated with a transcranial electrical stimulus. In addition, direct subcortical stimulation was performed with an electrical anodal monopolar stimulus. Compound motor action potentials (CMAPs) were recorded from target muscles.

Results

Fifteen patients were included in this preliminary study. Following transcranial stimulation, CMAPs were recorded in all cases. Subcortical stimulation was successful in 12 cases. Significant CMAP alterations were recorded in 5 patients. There were no false-negative results in the series.

Conclusions

The technique presented here is a safe method. It allows a quantitative monitoring of motor function and functional mapping of the pyramidal tract during insular surgery.
Utility of intraoperative electromyography in microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: a meta-analysis
Authors: Sekula Raymond F. , Bhatia Sanjay , Frederickson Andrew M. , Jannetta Peter J. , Quigley Matthew R. , Small George A. , Breisinger Ryan
Published: October 2009

Object

In this paper, the authors' goal was to determine the utility of monitoring the abnormal muscle response (AMR) or “lateral spread” during microvascular decompression surgery for hemifacial spasm.

Methods

The authors' experience with AMR as well as the data available in the English-language literature regarding resolution or persistence of AMR and the resolution or persistence of hemifacial spasm at follow-up was pooled and subjected to a meta-analysis.

Results

The pooled OR revealed by the meta-analysis was 4.2 (95% CI 2.7–6.7). The chance of a cure if the AMR was abolished during surgery was 4.2 times greater than if the lateral spread persisted.

Conclusions

The AMR should be monitored routinely in the operating room, and surgical decision-making in the operating room should be augmented by the AMR.
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in vestibular schwannoma surgery: advances and clinical implications
Authors: Youssef A. Samy , Downes Angela E.
Published: October 2009

Object

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring has become an integral part of vestibular schwannoma surgery. The aim of this article was to review the different techniques of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in vestibular schwannoma surgery, identify the clinical impact of certain pathognomonic patterns on postoperative outcomes of facial nerve function and hearing preservation, and highlight the role of postoperative medications in improving delayed cranial nerve dysfunction in the different reported series.

Methods

The authors performed a review of the literature regarding intraoperative monitoring in acoustic/vestibular schwannoma surgery. The different clinical series representing different monitoring techniques were reviewed. All the data from clinical series were analyzed in a comprehensive and comparative model.

Results

Intraoperative brainstem auditory evoked potential monitoring, direct cochlear nerve action potential monitoring, and facial nerve electromyography are the main tools used to assess the functional integrity of an anatomically intact cranial nerve. The identification of pathognomonic brainstem auditory evoked potential and electromyography patterns has been correlated with postoperative functional outcome. Recently, perioperative administration of intravenous hydroxyethyl starch and nimodipine as vasoactive and neuroprotective agents was shown to improve vestibular schwannoma functional outcome in few reported studies.

Conclusions

Recent advances in electrophysiological technology have considerably contributed to improvement in functional outcome of vestibular neuroma surgery in terms of hearing preservation and facial nerve paresis. Perioperative intravenous nimodipine and hydroxyethyl starch may be valuable additions to surgery.
Intraoperative monitoring of cerebral blood flow by laser speckle contrast analysis
Authors: Hecht Nils , Woitzik Johannes , Dreier Jens P. , Vajkoczy Peter
Published: October 2009

Object

Currently, reliable low-cost and noninvasive techniques to assess cerebral perfusion in the operating room are not available. The authors report on their first clinical experience with laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) as a complementary imaging tool for the noninvasive and dynamic assessment of cerebral blood flow (CBF) during neurovascular surgery. The purpose of this preliminary study was to address the general feasibility of LASCA in terms of handling and image quality and to provide an example of its clinical implications.

Methods

Laser speckle contrast analysis was performed in patients undergoing cerebral revascularization procedures for the treatment of hemodynamic compromise and complex aneurysms. The portable LASCA device was centered over the surgical field, and continuous 5-minute recordings of relative CBF were obtained. In the case of flow augmentation for hemodynamic compromise, CBF monitoring was performed before and after completion of the anastomosis. In the case of flow replacement for parent artery sacrifice, CBF monitoring was performed during consecutive 30-second test occlusions of the radial artery graft after proximal internal carotid artery sacrifice and the subsequent initiation of blood flow through the bypass.

Results

In all cases, the authors achieved good visualization of relative CBF in addition to flow imaging in both the bypass graft and the cortical vasculature. During a sudden CBF decrease after test occlusion of the radial artery graft and subsequent flow initiation through the bypass, LASCA allowed immediate visualization and measurement of relative CBF in excellent spatiotemporal resolution.

Conclusions

In this study LASCA offered noninvasive and rapid intraoperative assessment of relative CBF, which can be used for optimizing neurovascular procedures.
Fluorodeoxyuridine mediated cell cycle synchronization in S-phase increases the Auger radiation cell killing with 125I-iododeoxyuridine
Authors: Perillo-Adamer F. , Kosinski M. , Dupertuis Y. M. , Viertl D. , Bischof Delaloye A. , Buchegger F.
Published: October 2009

Aim: 125I-iododeoxyuridine is a potential Auger radiation therapy agent. Its incorporation in DNA of proliferating cells is enhanced by fluorodeoxyuridine. Here, we evaluated therapeutic activities of 125I-iododeoxyuridine in an optimized fluorodeoxyuridine pre-treatment inducing S-phase synchronization. Methods: After S-phase synchronization by fluorodeoxyuridine, cells were treated with 125I-iododeoxyuridine. Apoptosis analysis and S-phase synchronization were studied by flow cytometry. Cell survival was determined by colony-forming assay. Based on measured growth parameters, the number of decays per cell that induced killing was extrapolated. Results: Treatment experiments showed that 72 to 91% of synchronized cells were killed after 0.8 and 8 kBq/ml 125I-iododeoxyuridine incubation, respectively. In controls, only 8 to 38% of cells were killed by corresponding 125I-iododeoxyuridine activities alone and even increasing the activity to 80 kBq/ml gave only 42 % killing. Duplicated treatment cycles or repeated fluorodeoxyuridine pre-treatment allowed enhancing cell killing to >95 % at 8 kBq/ml 125I-iododeoxyuridine. About 50 and 160 decays per S-phase cells in controls and S-phase synchronization, respectively, were responsible for the observed cell killing at 0.8 kBq/ml radio-iododeoxyuridine. Conclusion: These data show the successful application of fluorodeoxyuridine that provided increased 125I-iododeoxyuridine Auger radiation cell killing efficacy through S-phase synchronization and high DNA incorporation of radio-iododeoxyuridine.
Effective Anti-TNF-α Therapy Can Induce Rapid Resolution and Sustained Decrease of Gastroduodenal Mucosal Amyloid Deposits in Reactive Amyloidosis Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: KURODA TAKESHI , WADA YOKO , KOBAYASHI DAISUKE , MURAKAMI SHUICHI , SAKAI TAKEHITO , HIROSE SHINTARO , TANABE NAOHITO , SAEKI TAKAKO , NAKANO MASAAKI , NARITA ICHIEI
Published: October 2009

Objective.

To examine the effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF) therapy in patients with reactive AA amyloidosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods.

Fourteen patients with reactive AA amyloidosis associated with RA were prospectively evaluated. Four patients were treated with infliximab and 10 with etanercept. The mean period of anti-TNF therapy was 20.1 ± 13.8 months. Laboratory findings and renal function were examined before and after initiation of anti-TNF therapy. In 9 patients the area of amyloid deposits in serial gastroduodenal mucosal biopsy specimens was examined and image analysis was performed.

Results.

C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein levels were significantly reduced after initiation of anti-TNF therapy. Twenty-four hour creatinine clearance improved in 4 patients, did not change in 5, and deteriorated in 3. Twenty-four hour urinary protein excretion was significantly decreased in 3 patients, not exacerbated in 6, and increased in 3 after initiation of anti-TNF therapy. The biopsy specimens from the 9 patients who underwent serial gastroduodenal biopsies showed significant decreases in the area of amyloid deposits, from 8.8% ± 6.4% to 1.6% ± 0.6% (p = 0.003) after initiation of anti-TNF therapy. Four patients showed a sustained decrease in the areas of amyloid deposits in their third biopsy specimens, and amyloid deposits were not detectable in 2.

Conclusion.

Our results indicate a striking effect of anti-TNF therapy for rapid removal and sustained disappearance of amyloid deposits in gastric mucosal tissue with amelioration of renal functions in patients with reactive amyloidosis due to RA.
Binding of DC-HIL to Dermatophytic Fungi Induces Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Potentiates Antigen Presenting Cell Function
Authors: Chung Jin-Sung , Yudate Tatsuo , Tomihari Mizuki , Akiyoshi Hideo , Cruz Ponciano D. , Ariizumi Kiyoshi
Published: October 2009

APCs express receptors recognizing microbes and regulating immune responses by binding to corresponding ligands on immune cells. Having discovered a novel inhibitory pathway triggered by ligation of DC-HIL on APC to a heparin/heparan sulfate-like saccharide of syndecan-4 on activated T cells, we posited DC-HIL can recognize microbial pathogens in a similar manner. We showed soluble recombinant DC-HIL to bind the dermatophytes Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum audouinii, but not several bacteria nor Candida albicans. Dermatophyte binding was inhibited completely by the addition of heparin. Because DC-HIL contains an ITAM-like intracellular sequence, we questioned whether its binding to dermatophytes can induce tyrosine phosphorylation in dendritic cells (DC). Culturing DC with T. rubrum (but not with C. albicans pseudohyphae) induced phosphorylation of DC-HIL, but not when the tyrosine residue of the ITAM-like sequence was mutated to phenylalanine. To examine the functional significance of such signaling on DC, we cross-linked DC-HIL with mAb (surrogate ligand), which not only induced tyrosine phosphorylation but also up-regulated expression of 23 genes among 662 genes analyzed by gene-array, including genes for profilin-1, myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate like-1, C/EBP, LOX-1, IL-1β, and TNF-α. This cross-linking also up-regulated expression of the activation markers CD80/CD86 and heightened APC capacity of DC to activate syngeneic T cells. Our findings support a dual role for DC-HIL: inhibition of adaptive immunity following ligation of syndecan-4 on activated T cells and induction of innate immunity against dermatophytic fungi.
A cis-Acting Regulatory Variant in the IL2RA Locus
Authors: Qu Hui-Qi , Verlaan Dominique J. , Ge Bing , Lu Yang , Lam Kevin C. L. , Grabs Rosemarie , Harmsen Eef , Hudson Thomas J. , Hakonarson Hakon , Pastinen Tomi , Polychronakos Constantin
Published: October 2009

The mechanism for the association of type 1 diabetes (T1D) with IL2RA remains to be clarified. Neither of the two distinct, transmission-disequilibrium confirmed loci mapping to this gene can be explained by a coding variant. An effect on the levels of the soluble protein product sIL-2RA has been reported but its cause and relationship to disease risk is not clear. To look for an allelic effect on IL2RA transcription in cis, we examined RNA from 48 heterozygous lymphocyte samples for differential allele expression. Of the 48 samples, 32 showed statistically significant allelic imbalance. No known single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) had perfect correlation with this transcriptional effect but the one that showed the most significant (p = 1.6 × 10−5) linkage disequilibrium with it was the SNP rs3118470. We had previously shown rs3118470 to confer T1D susceptibility in a Canadian dataset, independently of rs41295061 as the major reported locus (p = 5 × 10−3, after accounting for rs41295061 by conditional regression). Lower IL2RA levels consistently originated from the T1D predisposing allele. We conclude that an as yet unidentified variant or haplotype, best marked by rs3118470, is responsible for this independent effect and increases T1D risk through diminished expression of the IL-2R, likely by interfering with the proper development of regulatory T cells.
Recognition of Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme Disease Spirochete, by TLR7 and TLR9 Induces a Type I IFN Response by Human Immune Cells
Authors: Petzke Mary M. , Brooks Andrew , Krupna Michelle A. , Mordue Dana , Schwartz Ira
Published: October 2009

Borrelia burgdorferi is the spirochetal agent of Lyme disease, a multisystemic disorder characterized by inflammation. Using global transcriptional profiling, we characterized the response of human PBMCs exposed to B. burgdorferi in an ex vivo coculture system. The expression profiles induced by B. burgdorferi were marked by the intense up-regulation of IFN-responsive transcripts and transcripts involved in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Transcript levels of IFN-α, IFN-β, and IRF7, and protein concentrations of IFN-α, were significantly elevated relative to those in unstimulated PBMCs. The induction of IFN-α was completely dependent upon phagocytosis of B. burgdorferi. Addition of a soluble type I IFN receptor, B18R, did not abolish the induction of IFN-inducible genes, indicating that B. burgdorferi directly elicits enhanced expression of these genes independently of type I IFN feedback signaling. Inhibitors of either TLR7 or TLR9 significantly reduced B. burgdorferi-stimulated IFN-α protein expression and transcription of IFN-induced genes. Simultaneous inhibition of both TLR7 and TLR9 completely abrogated IFN-α induction. The IFN-α-producing populations in PBMCs were identified as plasmacytoid dendritic and CD14+CD11c+ cells. These results reveal a TLR7/9-dependent signaling pathway used by human PBMCs to initiate a type I IFN response to the extracellular bacterium B. burgdorferi.
Saying Versus judging: Assessing knowledge of eyewitness memory
Authors: Alonzo Jill D. , Lane Sean M.
Published: October 2009

Determining the nature of jurors' knowledge about factors influencing eyewitness memory is critical for judges' decisions to admit expert testimony. Past empirical research has primarily assessed such knowledge using responses to survey questions. Yet, research from a variety of fields suggests that expressed beliefs may over‐ or under‐estimate the ability of respondents to act appropriately when faced with a situation where such knowledge is relevant. Participants in this study evaluated the accuracy of eyewitnesses depicted in brief trial transcripts and answered survey questions to assess their beliefs regarding the same eyewitness memory issues. Results revealed that participants' performance on the transcripts did not correlate with their survey responses for most issues. Our findings highlight some potential strengths and weaknesses of survey measures of knowledge about eyewitness memory, and suggest the need for more diverse research investigating people's understanding and use of such knowledge. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐Organization of a Highly Integrated Silicon Nanowire Network on a Si(110)–16 × 2 Surface by Controlling Domain Growth
Authors: Hong Ie‐Hong , Liao Yen‐Chieh , Yen Shang‐Chieh
Published: October 2009

Here, bottom‐up nanofabrication for the two‐dimensional self‐organization of a highly integrated, well‐defined silicon nanowire (SiNW) mesh on a naturally‐patterned Si(110)–16 × 2 surface by controlling the lateral growths of two non‐orthogonal 16 × 2 domains is reported. This self‐ordered nanomesh consists of two crossed arrays of parallel‐aligned SiNWs with nearly identical widths of 1.8–2.5 nm and pitches of 5.0–5.9 nm, and is formed over a mesoscopic area of 300 × 270 nm2 so as to show a high integration density in excess of 104 µm−2. These crossed SiNWs exhibit semiconducting character with an equal band gap of ∼0.95 eV as well as unique quantum confinement effect. Such an ultrahigh‐density SiNW network can serve as a versatile nanotemplate for nanofabrication and nanointegration of the highly‐integrated metal‐silicide or molecular crossbar nanomesh on Si(110) surface for a broad range of device applications. Also, the multi‐layer, vertically‐stacked SiNW networks can be self‐assembled through hierarchical growth, which opens the possibility for creating three‐dimensionally interconnected crossbar circuits. The ability to self‐organize an ultrahigh‐density, functional SiNW network on a Si(110) surface represents a simple step toward the fabrication of highly‐integrated crossbar nanocircuits in a very straightforward, fast, cost‐effective, and high throughput process.
Use of Commercially Available Ruthenium Fischer‐Type Carbenes for Ring‐Closing Metathesis Reactions: Scope and Limitations of an in situ Activation Procedure
Authors: Wallace Debra J.
Published: October 2009

An evaluation of two commercially available Fischer‐type ruthenium carbenes in a range of ring‐closing diene and enyne metathesis reactions has been carried out. A method to activate such catalysts for ring‐closing reactions is presented.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Isomerization of exo‐Methylenic Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Fordred Paul S. , Niyadurupola D. Gangani , Wisedale Richard , Bull Steven D.
Published: October 2009

Treatment of allylic alcohols containing a 1,1‐disubstituted alkene with a palladium catalyst and hydrogen gas (1 bar) results in facile isomerization to their corresponding trisubstituted (E)‐allylic alcohols, along with small amounts of the corresponding hydrogenated products.
Efficient Solvent‐Free Robinson Annulation Protocols for the Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of the Wieland–Miescher Ketone and Analogues
Authors: Bradshaw Ben , Etxebarría‐Jardi Gorka , Bonjoch Josep , Viózquez Santiago F. , Guillena Gabriela , Nájera Carmen
Published: October 2009

A highly efficient (93% overall yield) and enantioselective (94% ee) synthesis of the Wieland–Miescher ketone (10‐g scale) through a solvent‐free Robinson annulation procedure is reported. The process involves only 1 mol% triethylamine as the base in the initial Michael process and the organocatalyst N‐tosyl‐(Sa)‐binam‐L‐prolinamide (2 mol%) and benzoic acid (0.5 mol%) for the intramolecular aldol process. This green protocol is applied to a wide range of valuable building block analogues of the Wieland–Miescher ketone (10 examples). Among these, a noteworthy compound for terpene synthesis is the 8a‐allyl derivative, which is prepared in 93% yield and 97% ee in a process allowing the recovery and reutilization of the organocatalyst. Furthermore, a one‐pot, two‐step process has also been developed.
Immobilization of Porphyrinatocopper Nanoparticles onto Activated Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes and a Study of its Catalytic Activity as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for a Click Approach to the Three‐Component Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazoles in Water
Authors: Sharghi Hashem , Beyzavi Mohammad Hassan , Safavi Afsaneh , Doroodmand Mohammad Mahdi , Khalifeh Reza
Published: October 2009

An efficient, regioselective, one‐pot and two‐step synthesis of β‐hydroxy 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles from a wide range of non‐activated terminal alkynes and epoxides and sodium azide by way of a three‐component click reaction using a catalytic amount of [meso‐tetrakis(o‐chlorophenyl)porphyrinato]copper(II) (5 mol%) in excellent isolated yields is described. The reactions were performed in water as a green solvent at ambient temperature without any additives. By performing two reaction steps in one pot and purifying only at the final step, this procedure excludes any interim purification of in situ generated organic azide intermediates, which significantly improves the overall yield and reduces the reaction time. To benefit from the recovery and reuse of the catalyst, a new heterogeneous catalyst was prepared by simple and successful impregnation of the catalyst onto activated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (AMWCNT). The heterogeneous catalyst was characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic forced microscopy (AFM), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis to estimate the amount of nitrogen adsorption, and Raman and FT‐IR spectroscopy. Leaching experiments after ten successive cycles showed that the catalyst is most strongly anchored to the AMWCNT support. Mechanistically, porphyrinatocopper catalyzes each step of the reaction in different ways as a bifunctional catalyst including epoxide ring opening by azide delivery to epoxide, forming in situ generated 2‐azido alcohols followed by activation of the CC triple bond of the starting terminal alkynes by forming a porphyrinatocopper‐acetylide intermediate and thereby promoting the [3+2]‐cycloaddition reaction as the key step to form the triazole framework.
Continuous Hydrogen Generation from Formic Acid: Highly Active and Stable Ruthenium Catalysts
Authors: Boddien Albert , Loges Björn , Junge Henrik , Gärtner Felix , Noyes James R. , Beller Matthias
Published: October 2009

The ruthenium‐catalyzed decomposition of formic acid was investigated with respect to continuous hydrogen generation and long‐term stability of the catalytic systems. A highly active and stable system is presented, which was studied in batch and continuous modes for up to two months. The optimized catalyst system containing N,N‐dimethyl‐n‐hexylamine with an in situ generated catalyst from (benzene)ruthenium dichloride dimer [RuCl2(benzene)]2 and 6 equivalents of 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) reached at room temperature a total turnover number (TON) of approximatly 260,000 with average turnover frequency (TOF) of about 900 h−1. Only hydrogen and carbon dioxide were detected in the produced gas mixture which makes this system applicable for direct use in fuel cells.
Homobenzotetramisole‐Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of α‐Aryl‐, α‐Aryloxy‐, and α‐Arylthioalkanoic Acids
Authors: Yang Xing , Birman Vladimir B.
Published: October 2009

Effective kinetic resolutions of α‐aryl‐, α‐aryloxy‐, and α‐arylthioalkanoic acids have been achieved via in situ generation of their symmetrical anhydrides and enantioselective alcoholysis in the presence of homobenzotetramisole (HBTM) 3.
Efficient Propargylation of Aldehydes and Ketones Catalyzed by Titanocene(III)
Authors: Justicia José , Sancho‐Sanz Iris , Álvarez‐Manzaneda Enrique , Oltra J. Enrique , Cuerva Juan M.
Published: October 2009

We describe a novel method for the propargylation of a wide range of aldehydes and ketones catalyzed by titanocene(III) complexes under mild reaction conditions and compatible with many functional groups. Homopropargylic alcohols are obtained as the sole products even when ketones are used as starting materials, which is unusual in Barbier‐type propargylations.
Spectral characterization of static mixers. The S‐shaped micromixer as a case study
Authors: Garofalo F. , Adrover A. , Cerbelli S. , Giona M.
Published: October 2009

We investigate the steady‐state performance of a planar micromixer composed of several S‐shaped units. Mixing efficiency is quantified by the decay of the scalar variance downstream the device for generic feeding conditions. We discuss how this decay is controlled by the spectral properties of the advection‐diffusion Floquet operator,
$ \cal F $, that maps a generic scalar profile at the inlet of a single unit into the corresponding profile at the unit outlet section. Two advantages characterize the Floquet operator approach —(i) it allows to analyze an arbitrarily long device and (ii) it provides a quantitative assessment of mixing efficiency that is independent of the feeding conditions and that depends solely on the interaction between advection and diffusion. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
New global accelerated arbitration rules are released
Authors: Bleemer Russ
Published: October 2009

The new Global Rules for Accelerated Commercial Arbitration are out.
Worldly Perspectives: Egypt
Authors: De Palo Giuseppe , Trevor Mary B.
Published: October 2009

A new monthly column looks at business ADR in countries around the world. Designed for international practitioners who may be doing business “over there,” Giuseppe De Palo of Rome, and Mary B. Trevor, of St. Paul, Minn., analyze the state of commercial conflict resolution, going beyond the default international arbitration practices, to the potential for true alternatives with cost savings and better results. The column opens this month in Egypt, with more Middle East later this quarter.
Polymeric Janus Particles
Authors: Wurm Frederik , Kilbinger Andreas F. M.
Published: October 2009

Since de Gennes’ Nobel lecture in 1991, in which he coined the term “Janus grains”, research into asymmetric particles has boomed. Macroscopic, microscopic and nanoscopic particles have been prepared in which certain parts of their surface differ in chemical composition, polarity, color, or any other property. Spherical, cylindrical, disc‐like, snowman‐, hamburger‐, and raspberry‐like structures have been synthesized from organic or inorganic materials or even as hybrids of both. Synthetic strategies towards such particles vary greatly from simple polymer mixtures to the bulk self‐assembly of sophisticated terpolymers to immobilization methods of symmetric particles. Polymeric Janus particles are particularly promising, as they can often be prepared cheaply and sometimes even on larger scales.
Histological, Immunocytochemical, and Morphometrical Analyses of Pancreatic Islets in the BSB Mouse Model of Obesity
Authors: Slavin Bernard G. , Zarow Chris , Warden Craig H. , Fisler Janis S.
Published: October 2009

This article presents biochemical data on the BSB mouse model of multigenic obesity indicating increased percentage body fat, increased fasting plasma insulin, and increased insulin resistance in male and female obese mice compared with lean controls. Plasma glucose was significantly increased only in male obese mice. Morphological and morphometrical analyses of pancreatic islets showed increased islet size and number in all obese mice compared with lean controls. Immuno‐staining results for insulin‐positive islet cells showed greater levels of insulin in male and female obese versus lean mice, while the percent or proportion of insulin immuno‐staining, as expected, was not significantly different between obese and lean. The percent or proportion of immuno‐staining for islet glucagon and somatostatin showed reduced staining in islets from obese compared with lean mice. The significance of these findings shows, for the first time, the morphologic appearance of pancreatic islets and the quantitative distribution of the three major islet cell hormonal populations in BSB obese mice. The correlation between this descriptive information and physiological data might lend insights to the cause of obesity‐related diabetes. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of fatty acids on metabolism and cell growth of human colon cell lines of different transformation state
Authors: Habermann Nina , Christian Bernd , Luckas Bernd , Pool‐Zobel Beatrice L. , Lund Elizabeth K. , Glei Michael
Published: October 2009

Epidemiological studies suggest that high fish intake is associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer which has been linked to the high content of the n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in some fish. In this study, two different cell lines are compared in relation to their response to EPA and DHA versus the plant derived PUFAs, linoleic acid (LA), γ‐linolenic acid (GLA), and α‐linolenic acid (ALA) and to the ubiquitous arachidonic acid (ARA). The uptake of 100 μM of each fatty acid (FA) was determined using GC. The 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole assay for DNA quantification and the Cell‐Titer‐Blue™ assay were used to determine cell survival and metabolic activity at 2–72 h after treatment. All FAs were utilized more efficiently by the human colon adenoma cell line LT97 than by the adenocarcinoma cell line HT29. LT97 were more susceptible than HT29 cells to the growth inhibitory activities of all FAs except for DHA where both were equally sensitive. Inhibition of survival and metabolic activity by EPA and DHA increased with treatment time in both cell lines. ALA or GLA were less growth inhibitory than EPA or DHA and ARA had intermediary activity. The data show that the tested FAs are incorporated into colon cells. Furthermore, adenoma cells are more susceptible than the adenocarcinoma cells. © 2009 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Combining Medium Effects and Cofactor Catalysis: Metal‐Coordinated Synzymes Accelerate Phosphate Transfer by 108
Authors: Avenier Frédéric , Hollfelder Florian
Published: October 2009

The systematic exploration of the modification of polyethylene imine with guanidinium and octyl groups has led to the identification of a catalyst, CD6, which accelerates the phosphate transfer reaction of HPNP (2‐hydroxypropyl‐4‐nitrophenyl phosphate) in the presence of divalent metals such as Zn2+, Co2+, Mg2+ or Ni2+. CD6 exhibits saturation kinetics that are described by Michaelis–Menten parameters Km ranging from 2.5–8 mM and kcat ranging from 0.0014–0.09 s−1. For ZnII–CD6 this corresponds to an overall acceleration kcat/kuncat of 3.8×105 and a catalytic proficiency (kcat/Km)/kuncat of 1.5×108. Catalysis by ZnII–CD6 is specifically inhibited by inorganic phosphate, allowing turnover regulation by product inhibition. This effect stands in contrast to ZnII‐catalysed transesterification of HPNP in water or by the synzymes CoII–CD6 and NiII–CD6, with which no such interference by product is observed. These characteristics render synzyme ZnII–CD6 an efficient enzyme model that reflects enzyme‐like properties in a wide range of features.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Study of Mg+—X and [X—Mg—Y]+ Complexes Important in the Chemistry of Ionospheric Magnesium (X, Y: H2O, CO2, N2, O2, and O).
Authors: Plowright Richard J. , McDonnell Thomas J. , Wright Timothy G. , Plane John M. C.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Neutron Diffraction Study of the in situ Oxidation of UO2.
Authors: Desgranges Lionel , Baldinozzi Gianguido , Rousseau Gurvan , Niepce Jean‐Claude , Calvarin Gilbert
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: SQUID Magnetometry, EPR and XPS Characterization of Y3Al5O12: Co, Si Single Crystals.
Authors: Talik E. , Szubka M. , Skrzypek D. , Zarek W. , Kusz J. , Lukasiewicz T.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Second‐Harmonic Generation and Crystal Structure of the Diamond‐Like Semiconductors Li2CdGeS4 and Li2CdSnS4.
Authors: Lekse Jonathan W. , Moreau Meghann A. , McNerny Katie L. , Yeon Jeongho , Halasyamani P. Shiv , Aitken Jennifer A.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Topotactic Transformation of the Cationic Conductor Li4Mo5O17 into a Rock Salt Type Oxide Li12Mo5O17.
Authors: Pop N. , Pralong V. , Caignaert V. , Colin J. F. , Malo S. , Van Tendeloo G. , Raveau B.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferromagnetism and Magnetocaloric Effect Around 95 K in the Laves Phase EuRh1.2Zn0.8.
Authors: Hermes Wilfried , Harmening Thomas , Poettgen Rainer
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual Binary Phosphorus—Tellurium Anion and Its Seleno‐ and Thio‐Analogues: P4Ch22‐ (Ch: S, Se, Te).
Authors: Rotter Christiane , Schuster Michael , Karaghiosoff Konstantin
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Metallo‐Organically Templated Pentaborate: Acetato[N,N′‐bis(2‐aminoethyl)ethane‐1,2‐diamine]zinc(II) 4,4′,6,6′‐Tetrahydroxy‐2,2′‐spirobi[cyclotriboroxane] (1‐).
Authors: Wu Shu‐Li , Liu Huan‐Xin , Jiang Xiao , Shao Zhi‐Dong , Liang Yun‐Xiao
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: (Sr1‐xCax)(11+16y‐25z)/2 (Si1‐yAly)16 (N1‐zOz)25 (x = 0.24, y = 0.18, z = 0.19). A Novel Sialon with a Highly Condensed Silicate Framework.
Authors: Kechele Juliane A. , Oeckler Oliver , Schmidt Peter J. , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Series of New Infrared NLO Semiconductors, ZnY6Si2S14, AlxDy3(SiyAl1‐y)S7, and Al0.33Sm3SiS7.
Authors: Guo Sheng‐Ping , Guo Guo‐Cong , Wang Ming‐Sheng , Zou Jian‐Ping , Xu Gang , Wang Guo‐Jian , Long Xi‐Fa , Huang Jin‐Shun
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Na10(Na,Mn)7Mn43 (PO4)36: A New Synthetic Fillowite‐Type Phosphate.
Authors: Hatert Frederic , Keller Paul , Lissner Falk , Schleid Thomas
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium‐Based Perovskites: A New Class of Near‐Room‐Temperature Multiferroics.
Authors: Belik Alexei A. , Furubayashi Takao , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Tanaka Masahiko , Hishita Shunichi , Takayama‐Muromachi Eiji
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Combination of a Binaphthol‐Derived Phosphite and a C1‐Symmetric Phosphinamine Generates Heteroleptic Catalysts in Rh‐ and Pd‐Mediated Reactions.
Authors: Pignataro Luca , Lynikaite Benita , Colombo Raffaele , Carboni Stefano , Krupicka Martin , Piarulli Umberto , Gennari Cesare
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Reduction of Prochiral Ketones Employing Sprouted Pisum sativa as Biocatalyst.
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Reddy Basi V. Subba , Sreelakshmi Chittamuru , Rao Adari Bhaskar
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Diels—Alder Reaction Catalyzed by Chiral Imidazolidinone.
Authors: Wang Yongjiang , Xu Xiaoliang , Pei Wen
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Condensations of Ketones with Malononitrile Catalyzed by Methanesulfonic Acid/Morpholine System.
Authors: Gora M. , Kozik B. , Jamrozy K. , Luczynski M. K. , Brzuzan P. , Wozny M.
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I) Catalysis: Selective Synthesis of Six‐ or Seven‐Membered Heterocycles from Epoxy Alkynes.
Authors: Dai Lun Zhi , Shi Min
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Curtius Rearrangement Processes from Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Leogane Olivier , Lebel Helene
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Liquid‐Phase Oxidation of Some Aromatic Aldehydes, Hydrocarbons, and Alcohols by Cerium(IV) Catalyzed by Iridium(III) in Acidic Medium.
Authors: Tandon Praveen K. , Dwivedi Priy B. , Singh Satpal
Published: October 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.