bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of Arctic Sea Ice Thickness and Its Impact on Sea Ice Forecasting in the Melting Season
Authors: Yang Lu , Fu Hongli , Luo Xiaofan , Zhang Xuefeng
Published: July 2024

Generally, sea ice prediction skills can be improved by assimilating available observations of the sea ice concentration (SIC) and sea ice thickness (SIT) into a numerical forecast model to update the initial conditions. However, due to inadequate daily SIT satellite observations in the Arctic melting season, the SIC fields in forecast models are usually directly updated, which causes mismatch of SIC and SIT in dynamics and affects the model prediction accuracy. In this study, a statistically based bivariate regression model of SIT (BRMT) is tentatively established based on the grid reanalysis data of SIC and SIT to reconstruct daily Arctic SIT data. The results show that the BRMT can reproduce the spatial and temporal changes in the SIT in the melting season and capture the variation trend of SIT in some periods. Compared with the SIT observations from buoy and satellite, the reconstructed SIT shows better performance in the central Arctic than other datasets. Furthermore, when the reconstructed SIT is added to the forecast model with only assimilated SIC, the forecast accuracy of SIC, sea ice extent, and SIT in the Arctic melting season is improved and does not weaken with the increase in the forecast time. Especially in the central Arctic, the average absolute deviation between 24-h SIT forecast results and observations is only 0.16 m. The results indicate great potential for applying the reconstructed SIT to the operational forecast of Arctic sea ice during the melting season in the future.

Significance Statement

To improve the prediction skills of Arctic sea ice, it is necessary to assimilate the sea ice observation into the dynamic model to generate a more realistic initial prediction field. At present, the observation data of daily sea ice thickness (SIT) during the Arctic melting season are few, which cannot well meet the demand of operational SIT forecast. In this study, a bivariate regression model is put forward to construct SIT using the sea ice concentration (SIC) observation. Benefitting from the joint assimilation of the observed SIC and the reconstructed SIT, the forecast accuracy of sea ice variables is greatly improved. The reconstructed SIT is expected to provide an available dataset for further research on the Arctic sea ice forecast.
White-Collar Opt-Out: How “Good Jobs” Fail Elite Workers
Authors: Yavaş Mustafa
Published: July 2024

Why do elite professionals leave hard-earned, privileged corporate careers? This article examines an underappreciated case of employee turnover, white-collar opt-out, which involves resignations that may not immediately lead to a similar job or life experience, but are instead followed by alternatives to fast-track careers, including seeking another occupation, stay-at-home parenting, or pursuit of leisure and self-exploration. Drawing on 70 in-depth interviews with Turkish professional-managerial employees of transnational corporations located in both Istanbul and New York City, I examine their narratives about the quality of working life and their decisions to opt out through the lenses of worker consent and alienation. I identify the lack of work-life balance and fulfillment with one’s labor as drivers of opting out, showing how these push factors, combined with various pull factors of non-working life and safety nets, encourage elite workers to overcome status anxiety and abandon corporate careers. The article extends labor process theory insights into high-paying corporate occupations, illuminating how so-called “good jobs” may produce a relatively low quality of working life. It also exposes the inherent limits of resource-centered approaches to inequality, showing how alienating work can undermine the quality of life of even upwardly mobile, high-skilled workers.
Effect of General Surgery Resident Participation in Thoracic Surgery on Oncologic Outcomes: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Grogan Riley S. , Wieser Alex P. , Bennie Barbara A. , Fischer Cathy L. , Paramesh Venki , Jarman Benjamin T.
Published: July 2024

Background: Despite increasing sub-specialization, general surgeons continue to perform oncologic thoracic surgeries. Our objective was to determine whether general surgery resident participation in thoracic surgery affects surgical quality or oncologic outcomes. We hypothesized that patient outcomes with and without resident participation would be similar. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic health records of patients with stage 0-IV lung cancer undergoing oncologic pulmonary resection at Gundersen Health System during an 11-year period (2012-2022). Patients younger than 18 years or older than 85 years were excluded, as were those who had incomplete follow-up data or were unregistered in our institutional cancer registry. Patients were divided into groups based on whether residents or staff surgeons completed >50% of the critical portions of the operation. We compared 30-day morbidity outcomes, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: Three hundred thirteen patients met inclusion criteria. Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between groups, as were types of surgical resection and median operative times. A statistical difference was found in the distribution of surgical approach. The odds of morbidity were 65% higher in the Staff group (OR=1.65; 95% CI, 1.007-2.71). Resident participation was not significantly associated with OS or DFS ( P =.32 and P =.54, respectively). Discussion: General surgery resident involvement in lung cancer operations is not associated with longer operative times but is associated with a higher likelihood of a thoracotomy. General surgery resident involvement was associated with decreased postoperative morbidity and did not significantly affect OS or DFS.
Does the Timing and Length of Incarceration Matter for Long-Term Economic and Health Outcomes? Analysis of Male Arrestees Drawn From a Nationally Representative Sample
Authors: Aigul Bazilova , Akynkozha Zhanibekov , Murat Dossanov , Rima Dzhansarayeva , Marlen Turgumbayev , Beaver Kevin M.
Published: July 2024

Research has consistently documented that incarceration is associated with numerous negative outcomes later in life. Much of this research has focused only on adults who were incarcerated and either excluded juveniles or examined them separately. Moreover, findings from the majority of these studies are often based on simple binary measures of incarceration without examining the length of time each person was incarcerated. The current study sought to address these shortcomings in the literature by examining whether incarceration length as a juvenile and as an adult are associated with adulthood economic disadvantage, health, suicidal ideation, and depression. To do so, males from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) who had been arrested were examined. The analysis revealed that juvenile incarceration length was associated with health and suicidal ideation whereas adult incarceration length was associated with economic disadvantage, suicidal ideation, and depression. The results of this study underscore that the timing and length of incarceration matters for life outcomes.
Integrating Instructional Leadership With Social Justice Leadership: Insights From Israel's Principals
Authors: Shaked Haim
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study explores how school principals can effectively integrate instructional leadership with social justice leadership, recognizing their dual roles in promoting academic excellence and fostering a socially just school environment. Research Methods: Participants in this qualitative study were 32 principals from elementary schools in Israel. Data collection involved one-on-one interviews and focus groups. Data analysis followed a comprehensive four-stage process, including sorting, coding, categorizing, and theorizing. Findings: The study identified four interrelated perspectives on the relationship between instructional leadership and social justice leadership: (1) instructional leadership and social justice leadership have divergent foci; (2) instructional leadership inherently contributes to social justice; (3) social justice leadership defines the teaching approach required by instructional leadership; and (4) social justice leadership shapes the purpose of instructional leadership. Implications: This study suggests that to encompass the entire range of integration between instructional leadership and social justice leadership, principals must consider two aspects: the influence of social justice leadership on instructional leadership goals and its impact on instructional leadership practices.
Investigating math education in reducing math anxiety with the help of Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Khorramian Ensieh , Rostamy-Malkhalifeh Mohsen , Shahvarani Ahmad
Published: July 2024

Mathematics is one of the important subjects of a student at various stages. From the past to present, hearing the name of mathematics has been accompanied by fear and anxiety for a significant group of students. Quality of mathematics education is a complex and multifaceted concept, and various authors with different viewpoints have proposed methods regarding the quality. Decision making in the selection of the teaching method is one of the pillars of a teacher and applying proper methods which are appropriate to the educational environment has an effective role in the success of education and reduction of students’ anxiety. In this research, with the help of Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA) and Sexton’s method, we are going to rank several different teaching methods to reduce the math anxiety of second year elementary school students. Several methods were implemented in the classrooms and after that the results were evaluated using the above method and it was found that the game method has the highest rank and based on this research, it will be tried to implement this method in the classroom. Lessons should be used to reduce students’ math anxiety. In this article, we delve into the study of practical scenarios and conditions that may make the utilization of these methods more effective in mathematics education. Additionally, we offer recommendations to teachers and individuals involved in math instruction to maximize the benefits of mathematical education and reduce math anxiety.
A Framework for Curriculum Literacy in Initial Teacher Preparation: Policy, Practices, and Possibilities
Authors: Marek Molly , Lizárraga-Dueñas Lizeth , Woulfin Sarah , Wetzel Melissa Mosley , Muñoz Ernesto
Published: July 2024

Across the United States, current curricular reforms are centering high-quality instructional material (HQIM) as a lever for improving classroom instruction and student achievement. While multiple legislative definitions of HQIM attend primarily to the degree of standards alignment, we expand quality to encompass rigor and cultural responsiveness. As teachers make decisions about curriculum materials, they demonstrate curriculum literacy. We conceptualize curriculum literacy as the capacity to navigate teacher identities, learner and community assets, and instructional materials. We survey the literature related to curriculum, curriculum literacy, and teacher education. We then present a framework for curriculum literacy in initial teacher preparation and describe three instructional tools for developing preservice teachers’ curriculum literacy. These tools support teachers’ practices of critically reflecting on their identities in relation to curriculum, contextualizing curricular decisions, and evaluating existing instructional materials. Implications for policy, practice, and future research are discussed.
Why Are Graduates More Socially Liberal? Estimating the Effect of Higher Education on Political Values Through Variation in University Experience
Authors: Scott Ralph
Published: July 2024

Previous research has found that attending university results in an individual being more socially liberal and less racially prejudiced, accounting for a variety of alternative explanations. Yet what is it about university that induces this change in political values? This is the question this article addresses, by investigating three variations in university experience – degree subject, geographic mobility and change in social context – through analysis of a British cohort study linked to Census data. Using panel estimation methods, it finds that graduates of arts, humanities and social science subjects become more socially liberal than those studying other subjects, even when accounting for institutional variation, mobility, contextual effects and time-invariant confounding. It therefore makes the case that the effect of university on political values should be considered in part a learning effect: whereby disciplines affect individuals’ worldviews during the ‘impressionable years’.
Don’t Worry About Being You: Relations Between Perceived Authenticity and Mental Health are Due to Self-Esteem and Executive Functioning
Authors: Hart William , Garrison Katie , Lambert Joshua T. , Hall Braden T.
Published: July 2024

Numerous studies show that perceived authenticity is a reliable predictor of mental health outcomes. To expand on these studies, we examined whether such relations could be due to perceived authenticity’s confounding with both self-esteem and executive functioning. A representative sample of US participants ( N = 446; Mage = 46.10; 51.1% female; 78.0% White) completed measures of perceived authenticity, self-esteem, executive functioning, and various indicators of mental health (e.g., subjective wellbeing, depression). At the bivariate level, perceived authenticity had a positive, large correlation with a mental health composite. However, after controlling for self-esteem and executive functioning, this relationship became nonsignificant and trivial in size. The findings extend basic understanding of how self-relevant constructs contribute to mental health and suggest advice for individuals looking to capitalize on evidence linking perceived authenticity to mental health benefits: Build a strong base of self-worth and exercise agency.
Regional Differences in Hepatitis C–Related Hospitalization Rates, United States, 2012-2019
Authors: Hofmeister Megan G. , Zhong Yuna , Moorman Anne C. , Teshale Eyasu H. , Samuel Christina R. , Spradling Philip R.
Published: July 2024

Objectives:

In the United States, hepatitis C is the most commonly reported bloodborne infection. It is a leading cause of liver cancer and death from liver disease and imposes a substantial burden of hospitalization. We sought to describe regional differences in hepatitis C virus (HCV)–related hospitalizations during 2012 through 2019 to guide planning for hepatitis C elimination.

Methods:

We analyzed discharge data from the National Inpatient Sample for 2012 through 2019. We considered hospitalizations to be HCV-related if (1) hepatitis C was the primary diagnosis or (2) hepatitis C was any secondary diagnosis and the primary diagnosis was a liver disease–related condition. We analyzed demographic and clinical characteristics of HCV-related hospitalizations and modeled the annual percentage change in HCV-related hospitalization rates, nationally and according to the 9 US Census Bureau geographic divisions.

Results:

During 2012-2019, an estimated 553 900 HCV-related hospitalizations occurred in the United States. The highest hospitalization rate (34.7 per 100 000 population) was in the West South Central region, while the lowest (17.6 per 100 000 population) was in the West North Central region. During 2012-2019, annual hospitalization rates decreased in each region, with decreases ranging from 15.3% in the East South Central region to 48.8% in the Pacific region. By type of health insurance, Medicaid had the highest hospitalization rate nationally and in all but 1 geographic region.

Conclusions:

HCV-related hospitalization rates decreased nationally and in each geographic region during 2012-2019; however, decreases were not uniform. Expanded access to direct-acting antiviral treatment in early-stage hepatitis C would reduce future hospitalizations related to advanced liver disease and interrupt HCV transmission.
Black Girl Joy (Un)Interrupted: Recognizing and Nurturing Black Girls' Community-Building Capabilities in the Early Grades
Authors: Jones Natacha Ndabahagamye , Adair Jennifer Keys
Published: July 2024

Black girls’ schooling experiences and capabilities are understudied. Their brilliance eludes neoliberal early childhood contexts characterized by control, standardization, hyper-individualism, and antiblackness. This article builds on Black Girlhood frameworks and Engaged Pedagogy to center 11 Black girls in three Texas PreK classrooms. In a secondary analysis of video-data from two large-scale video-cued ethnographies, we documented their capabilities, versatility, and consistency in building community with their classmates for interdisciplinary knowledge-making and enjoyment. Our findings reveal that context impacted how Black girls’ endeavors were received and which capabilities they could fully embody and share. We identify community, play, and joy as essential emancipatory avenues for learning.
Infrastructural power in foreign policy: conceptualising states’ efforts to mobilise non-state actors
Authors: Heibach Jens , Taş Hakkı
Published: July 2024

This article translates Michael Mann’s notion of infrastructural power into the foreign policy realm and develops a conceptual framework that allows for the systematic treatment of states’ strategic efforts at mobilising domestic non-state actors. Despite the common rationales underlying such efforts across regime types, the article argues that states’ systemic features matter greatly. It generates two ideal types of infrastructural power in foreign policy – bureaucratic and authoritarian – to capture the distinct mobilisational modes and trajectories of each. Using a typical case study design, it scrutinises Turkey’s shifting Africa policies under AKP rule. The empirical discussion supports two initial assumptions: first, the concept, partly by dint of its underlying organisational approach, introduces a novel take on power in IR, yet one complementary to the relational understanding prevailing in the discipline; second, it provides an original tool with which to systematically analyse crucial components in the foreign policies of democracies and autocracies.
Examining Gendered Expectations in Christian Leadership and the Gender Punishment Gap
Authors: Alford Allison M. , Zaikman Yuliana
Published: July 2024

Female religious leaders often face more obstacles in their occupation than male religious leaders, yet research on the gender double standard has yet to be examined in the field of religious leadership. The current study explored the gender double standard in religious leadership by examining perceptions of male and female religious leaders and whether leaders will face similar consequences post-transgression. Christian participants were asked to read fictional vignettes: first a brief description of a male or female religious leader and then a fictitious news article describing the leader committing a transgression (financial or personal). Through questionnaires, participants evaluated the leader and indicated their intentions to attend the leader’s church before and after being exposed to the transgression. Participants then rated the sinfulness of the transgression and if the leader should be punished. Additionally, participants completed measures of intrinsic/extrinsic religious orientation, quest orientation, and post-critical beliefs. Regression analyses revealed no significant differences in evaluations of leaders based on gender alone. However, religious characteristics like intrinsic religiosity and a literal interpretation of religious content did predict greater intentions of church attendance for the male leader compared to the female leader pre-transgression. Additionally, regardless of the leader’s gender, the financial transgression was rated more negatively than the personal transgression. The findings of this study can be used to help bridge the gap between attendance of male and female-led churches by focusing on certain beliefs that lead to this gender bias.
A Spatial Econometric Analysis of the Aerotropolis Atlanta
Authors: Kim Seongsu David , Carswell Andrew T.
Published: July 2024

Following the public-private collaborative partnership announcement in 2014, the Aerotropolis of the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport gathered much attention. This study conducts a spatiotemporal analysis using a difference-in-differences analysis on similar properties sold before and after this announcement, set apart by the location respective to the Aerotropolis border. The result shows a higher price appreciation of properties inside the border sold in the postannouncement period, which shows evidence of a positive externality effect of this policy initiative.
Knowledge of development during pregnancy and the transition to parenthood: Psychometric properties of the Domains of Development Instrument
Authors: Gattis Merideth , Truong Quoc Cuong , Barber Carol Cornsweet , Middlemiss Wendy , Medvedev Oleg N.
Published: July 2024

Researchers and practitioners need robust measurement tools for evaluating knowledge of child development to better support parents and their children during pregnancy and the transition to parenthood. We addressed this need by evaluating the psychometric properties of the Domains of Development Instrument (DoDI) for measuring knowledge of developmental milestones from birth to 3 years. We evaluated four types of validity evidence for the DoDI: test content, response processes, internal structure, and relations to other variables. We convened an expert panel to evaluate test content and conducted cognitive interviews with mothers to evaluate response processes. We also collected responses from a sample of 418 English-speaking pregnant women to evaluate internal structure and relations to other variables. We observed content validity and response process validity, as well as the predicted internal structure, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and convergent validity. We conclude with recommendations for future research with the DoDI.
Social Diversity and Precarious Organizations: An intersectional feminist perspective
Authors: Meliou Elina , Lopes Ana , Vincent Steve , Özbilgin Mustafa F. , Groutsis Dimitria , Mahalingam Ramaswami , Rouleau Linda
Published: July 2024

The rise of precarious organizations exacerbated by neoliberal work arrangements underscores the need for a comprehensive exploration of their intersection with social diversity challenges. Historically, precarity has been examined with a focus on the uncertain organizational structures and processes, neglecting the diversity of the worker. To address this gap, we elaborate on the contributions in our themed section to offer an intersectional feminist perspective. An intersectional feminist perspective sheds light on the multi-layered experiences of the precarity of life for diverse groups so that organization studies might contribute more effectively to addressing the complexities posed by precarious organizations. We present conceptual and empirical insights that advance organization studies by deepening our understanding of the relational and situated dimensions of precarity, thereby contributing to theoretical and practical advancements.
Suffering and harm in insecurity welfare regimes: Conflict and the nexus of formal and informal welfare in Pakistan
Authors: Mumtaz Zahid , Sumarto Mulyadi
Published: July 2024

The intricate interplay between formal and informal social protection within an insecurity welfare regime, and the resulting harm and suffering caused by conflicts, remain inadequately explored due to methodological, logistical, and ethical challenges. This study fills this research gap by empirically investigating the roles of formal and informal social protection in mitigating harm and suffering, which lead to insecurity in conflict-affected regions like Pakistan. Drawing on household perspectives obtained through semi-structured interviews, in the conflict-ridden city of Bajor – a conservative society marked by armed and tribal conflicts and a breakdown of welfare institutions – our findings underscore that both armed and tribal conflicts significantly exacerbate harm and suffering, necessitating social protection measures. However, prevailing formal and informal efforts, while limited, fail to adequately address these issues, particularly affecting gender dynamics and social network. People use the network to obtain informal social protection, but this brings exploitation, domination, and clientelism. In a conservative society therefore, social network may worsen harm and suffering caused by conflict leading to severe insecurity.
Optimization of process parameters in fabrication of Mg-9Al-Zn alloy matrix composite
Authors: Motavallian Pourya , Rabiee Sayed Mahmood , Jamshidi Aval Hamed
Published: July 2024

In this research, using the response surface method (RSM), the effect of rotational speed, extrusion speed, and volume percentage of bioactive glass powder on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of AZ91-bioactive glass composite wire produced by friction stir-back extrusion has been studied. The results show that in hardness and strength responses, increasing the amount of bioactive glass from 1 to 5 vol.% increased the hardness and ultimate tensile strength by 18% and 13%, respectively. According to RSM prediction, the minimum corrosion rate (0.0427 ± 0.0059 mm/year), maximum ultimate tensile strength (327 ± 3 MPa), and maximum hardness (78.6 ± 2.1 HV) were achieved at rotational speed, extrusion speed, and bioactive glass particle content of 1200 rpm, 32.95 mm/min, and 5 vol.%, respectively.
Bronchopleural fistula management in a pediatric patient requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Yang Margaret , Derespina Kim , Grant Chantal , Vicencio Alfin , Murthy Raghav , Kaushik Shubhi
Published: July 2024

Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a connection between the bronchus and pleural cavity. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality and management of BPF has not been well described in the pediatric population. We describe a 2-year-old girl who presented with fever and increased work of breathing, found to have atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and Streptococcus necrotizing pneumonia with development of persistent air leak due to bronchopleural fistulas requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Three endobronchial valves were placed with successful resolution of bronchopleural fistulas. She required tracheostomy for chronic respiratory failure and endobronchial valves were eventually removed. Approximately 3.5 months after discharge to acute care rehabilitation, tracheostomy was successfully decannulated. This case highlights the successful use of endobronchial valves for resolution of BPF while on ECMO as well as the importance of further studies on optimal candidates, timing and duration of intervention in addition to sequelae of endobronchial valve placement.
Reduced order modeling of hybrid soft-rigid robots using global, local, and state-dependent strain parameterization
Authors: Mathew Anup Teejo , Feliu-Talegon Daniel , Alkayas Abdulaziz Y , Boyer Frederic , Renda Federico
Published: July 2024

The need for fast and accurate analysis of soft robots calls for reduced order models (ROM). Among these, the relative reduction of strain-based ROMs follows the discretization of the strain to capture the configurations of the robot. Based on the geometrically exact variable strain parametrization of the Cosserat rod, we developed a ROM that necessitates a minimal number of degrees of freedom to represent the state of the robot: the Geometric Variable Strain (GVS) model. This model allows the static and dynamic analysis of open-, branched-, or closed-chain soft-rigid hybrid robots, all under the same mathematical framework. This paper presents for the first time the complete GVS modeling framework for a generic hybrid soft-rigid robot. Based on the Magnus expansion of the variable strain field, we developed an efficient recursive algorithm for computing the Lagrangian dynamics of the system. To discretize the soft link, we introduce state- and time-dependent basis, which is the most general form of strain basis. We classify the independent bases into global and local bases. We propose “FEM-like” local strain bases with nodal values as their generalized coordinates. Finally, using four real-world applications, we illustrate the potential of the model developed. We think that the soft robotics community will use the comprehensive framework presented in this work to analyze a wide range of specific robotic systems.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Drifting Snow Disaster on Cutting: Effect of Cross-Section Parameters
Authors: Li Sai , Ma Wenyong , Wang Peng , Guo Shiyi , Gao Yi , Zhan Ziyue
Published: July 2024

Snow-drifting disasters frequently occur in snowy regions with strong winds and can cause traffic interruptions. Cuttings are particularly vulnerable to severe snowdrift disasters, making designing cutting sections in regions prone to drifting snow challenging. To address this issue, a series of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to study the impact of cutting section parameters on snowdrift development in cuttings with varying depths and slopes. Initially, the wind velocity and wall friction velocity were carefully analyzed in the initial state of the cutting. The evolution process of snow distribution in different cuttings was then compared. Furthermore, the influence of parameters on wind velocity development was analyzed. Based on the flow patterns and snow distribution, cuttings involved in drifting snow disasters can be divided into two types, depending on whether there are vortices in the cutting. When the slope gradient changes from 1/1 to 1/2, the flow in the cutting will not separate and reattach, indicating that the critical slope angle for two types of cutting is 27°. As the slope gradient decreases, the leeward drift will move from the area near the crest to the foot of the slope. Increasing the depth of the cutting not only reduces the accumulation of snow on the road surface but also provides scope to improve the safety reserve capacity of the slopes.
Who Does Diversity Better? The Role of Servant Leaders in Promoting Diversity Management Across Public and Private Sector Organizations
Authors: Ng Eddy S. , Sears Greg J. , Arnold Kara A.
Published: July 2024

In this study, we investigate the association of servant leadership with inclusive organizational practices and diversity outcomes (percentages of minority employees and managers) across public and private sector organizations. Using data from a survey of 151 Canadian DEI managers we find that sector moderates the mediating relationship between servant leadership and diversity outcomes through inclusive practices. In both sectors, inclusive practices mediated the relationship between servant leadership and diversity outcomes. However, this mediation was stronger for private versus public sector employers. We discuss the implications of these findings and future research in this area.
A comprehensive review on different leaf fiber loading on PLA polymer matrix composite
Authors: Sethy Dibya P , Sahoo Swarnalata
Published: July 2024

Bio-sourced plastics are most widely essence among all potential materials to replace fossil based plastics which have many unfavorable impacts to the environment like global warming, land pollution, water pollution and global warming etc. Fossil based polymers that is polypropylene are mainly non biodegradable in nature and that tends to cause pollution on the earth surface and causes different harmful diseases if we do not provide proper disposal to waste polymers. To keep eye on that, this review paper focused on the replacement fossil based polymer with introducing biopolymer Polylatic Acid (PLA) polymer matrix composite with the incorporation of different leaf fiber. The intention of the current review is to represent the detailed idea for the development of PLA polymer matrix composite with the incorporation of different leaf fiber and with the proper selection compatibilizer to enhance the mechanical, degradation and other properties. Among these, leaves, once relegated to the realms of waste, have risen as potent contributors to the realm of fiber composites. The spotlight of exploration falls on green composites reinforced with leaf fibers, showcasing mechanical properties and modulus that surpass other classes of polymer composites. This revelation not only reshapes our understanding of plant-based fibers but also propels them into the forefront of innovation across industries. The modified composite can be used as various packaging materials in different areas like in textile industry, medicine and drug packaging, food industry for food packaging etc. This overview will support the researchers to engage in the development of degradation capability with enhancing mechanical properties of bio-sourced materials as composite materials. In essence, this review not only describes the essence of leaf fiber based composites but also acts as a main role for a greener, more sustainable future. It deliberates the necessity of leaves, transforming them from waste into a usable product thereby producing more strength in composite materials.
Cracking the Iron Ceiling: On Ethnography as Theory
Authors: Levenson Zachary , Seim Josh
Published: July 2024

There is no alternative to theory-driven ethnography. Some ethnographers may refuse to acknowledge the epistemological bases of their respective methodological approaches, but this amounts to unreflexive rather than atheoretical fieldwork. This essay elaborates three theses along these lines with the aim of sketching out a self-consciously theory-driven approach to ethnography. First, all ethnography is necessarily theoretical whether researchers acknowledge it or not. Without acknowledging this point, ethnography remains a fundamentally unreflexive enterprise. Second, extending upward toward ‘structure’ from empirics illuminates the conditions under which observations tend to hold true. Third, theoretical reconstruction, rather than confirmation or discovery, is the primary goal of ethnography. Drawing on the works of Michael Burawoy, Imre Lakatos, and others, these three theses motivate a defense of what we term ‘hard-core fieldwork’. We distinguish this approach from both grounded theory and more contemporary iterations of empiricism in sociological ethnography.
Transcendental Meditation Enriches Nurses’ Authentic Presence Through Caring for Self and Others
Authors: Aquino-Russell Catherine , Bonamer Jennifer I , Hartranft Susan , Kutash Mary , Johnson Ayesha
Published: July 2024

Purpose of Study: Given the enormity of the most recent challenges to clinician well-being, intensified by the pandemic, we decided to explore the influence of Transcendental Meditation® (TM)® on the well-being of clinical nurses. The purpose of our study was to use qualitative analysis to enhance our understanding of the experiences of clinical nurses who practiced TM, as viewed through the lens of our conceptual model and Watson's holistic unitary caring science theory. Design and Method: This qualitative study involved a thematic analysis of clinical nurses’ written descriptions following the completion of the TM program during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: The nurse participants shared their experiences with the practice of TM as creating present moment focus, leading to enhanced self-care, and development of authentic presence with others. The overall theme uncovered in the analysis is that authentic presence is veritas (truth) in knowing, being, doing, and becoming. Conclusions: The findings were congruent with Watson's unitary caring science theory and provided illumination of the holistic value of TM as a self-care strategy for supporting nurses’ well-being with the goal of retaining nurses in practice. When nurses care for themselves, they are more likely and able to care for others, thus helping them to enjoy their nursing careers.
Research on six-joint industrial robotic arm positioning error compensation algorithm based on motion decomposition and improved CIWOA-BP neural network
Authors: Zhang Xuejian , Hu Xiaobing , Li Hang , Zhang Zheyuan , Chen Haijun
Published: July 2024

Motion errors in the trajectory of a six-joint industrial robotic arm’s end-effector can significantly impact machining precision. Complex milling operations can lead to deviations from the intended path due to the robotic arm’s structural characteristics. These errors often exhibit periodic and position-dependent variations, underscoring the need for meticulous control measures. To address this challenge, we propose a novel motion decomposition-based error compensation technique for a six-joint industrial robotic arm. This approach involves breaking down the robot’s motion trajectory into distinct components and constructing prediction models for each component using a BP neural network. These models are then optimized using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (CIWOA) and an adaptive chaotic mapping clustering approach to improve efficiency and global optimization. The proposed method is applied to various motion types of the robotic arm, resulting in substantial enhancements in absolute positioning accuracy. Experimental validation confirms the reliability of the CIWOA-BP neural network prediction model and the effectiveness of the nonparametric accuracy compensation method in refining motion planning precision.
Enhancing efficiency and accuracy in robotic assembly task planning through tool integration using a hybrid class topper optimisation algorithm
Authors: Champatiray Chiranjibi , Bahubalendruni MVA Raju , Mahanta Golak Bihari , Truong Pham Duc , Mahapatra Rabindra Narayan
Published: July 2024

Uncertainties in robotic assembly can substantially influence the quality of assembly task planning, often resulting in suboptimal solutions. It is crucial to account for these uncertainties when developing assembly task plans that are both efficient and practical for multi-part products. To address such issues, the proposed method integrates the NelderMead simplex algorithm with the Class Topper Optimisation Algorithm to create a hybrid NelderMead Class Topper Optimisation Algorithm. This study uses a vibration generator as an example to illustrate the application of the proposed method. Ensuring tool accessibility is emphasised, and the assembly tasks are initialised accordingly. The feasibility of these tasks is determined using liaison and tool-integrated geometric feasibility predicate analysis. Multiple criteria are considered to achieve the most efficient robotic assembly task planning, including part reorientation, gripper or tool change and the energy required to assemble the part. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed optimisation algorithm are demonstrated by comparing it with other algorithms, such as the teaching-learning-based algorithm, the genetic algorithm, the bees algorithm and the particle swarm optimisation algorithm. The results have shown that the proposed approach is highly effective for real-industrial relevant problems.
Numerical case study of the influence of dimensional variation of a semi-elliptic spring on the passive energy dissipation
Authors: Szwedowicz Dariusz , Domínguez-Gurría Miguel Alberto , Pérez-Vigueras Demetrio , Rodríguez-Reyes Víctor I
Published: July 2024

In this work the parametric evaluation of the influence of the dimensional variation of the arc height of a leaf spring on the energy dissipation and deformation energy is presented. With the use of the finite element package Abaqus, the cyclic force-displacement curve of the leaf spring under a compression test was numerically obtained through a discrete model for four cases, by varying the arc height of the spring, subsequently the energy dissipation and the potential energy was calculated. The discrete model was experimentally validated by performing compression tests on a commercial spring. The obtained results show that varying the arc height influences the amount of energy dissipation and potential energy. It was observed that by decreasing the arc height by 33%, the energy dissipation increased by 50% and the potential energy by 3%, resulting in an increment in the specific damping capacity of 47% with respect to the original model. From the discrete model, it is concluded that the contact pressure, contact area, and slip zones are more uniformly distributed when the arc height is reduced by 33%, besides of a decrease in the mass of the spring, results which may be useful for car suspension designers.
Cross-coupling active current balance fast terminal sliding mode control for dual-winding steer-by-wire system
Authors: Liang Weihe , Zhang Shenhao , Zhao Wanzhong , Wang Chunyan , Luan Zhongkai , Wang Min
Published: July 2024

The dual-winding steer-by-wire (DW-SBW) system is a novel steer-by-wire system with dual-winding permanent magnet synchronous motors, which improves steering capability and safety. However, the current imbalance in two stator windings may lead to increased current harmonic and torque ripple, resulting in steering performance degradation and safety jeopardization. Therefore, in order to improve the current balancing capability of the DW-SBW system, this paper proposes a cross-coupling active current balance control strategy. The dynamic model and the current imbalance model of the DW-SBW system are established. The mathematical relationship between the winding parameters asymmetry and current imbalance is derived, and the impact of current imbalance on current harmonic and steering performance is revealed. A radial basis function (RBF) based active current balance fast terminal sliding mode control (FTSMC) strategy for a DW-SBW system is proposed. The fast terminal sliding mode control is applied to cross-compensate the q-axis current loop control output of the two stator windings, while the RBF neural network is used to estimate the asymmetry of the resistance and inductance parameters of the two windings. The performance of the proposed FTSMC-RBF controller is validated through computer simulations and dual-winding motor experiments. The results demonstrate that the proposed FTSMC-RBF controller is more robust and provides better current balancing performance than the FTSMC in the presence of model parameter uncertainties.
Digital curation practices on web and social media archiving in libraries and archives
Authors: Wong Athena Kin-kam , Chiu Dickson K. W.
Published: July 2024

Libraries and archives preserve websites and social media content with significant value as digital heritage with potential value for future digital scholarly research. This research investigates, from the practitioners’ perspective, the approaches and challenges the libraries and archives face in the curation process, from acquisition to preservation and provision of access to archive such digital content. Qualitative research was undertaken to explore the archiving practices through semi-structured interviews with 13 practitioners working in international libraries and archives at national and institutional levels across three continents. All interviews were coded and summarised in correspondence with the research questions. Findings revealed social media have more difficulties in archiving, where participants prefer to acquire less than websites. With the growing volume of data, participants emphasised sufficient planning and preservation actions to sustain future access and improve the discovery of archived digital content. Challenges were found in barriers to social media acquisition, lack of awareness, limited resources for preservation, uneven technical capacity, copyright and privacy concerns, and meeting user demands. Limited research has focused on digital curation concepts in archiving web and social media content, especially in Asia. This research suggested institutions formulate strategic planning and develop good Web and social media archiving practices from the practitioners’ perspective.
Disrupted coping and skills for sustainability: A pluralist Heideggerian perspective
Authors: Brown Trent
Published: July 2024

What is the ontological significance of sustainability crises – and the struggles to overcome them? Drawing on Heideggerian perspectives – in dialogue with Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theories – I argue sustainability crises become meaningful at the level of everyday experience when they disrupt the flow of ordinary skilled practices and their orientations towards the future. Such disruptions trigger what Heidegger termed ‘anxiety’, which implies an erosion of life's coherence, meaning and purpose. Developing skills to ‘cope’ with sustainability crises may enact alternative ontologies that restore what anxiety threatens; ‘skills for sustainability’ potentially disclose new worlds, meanings, values and goals. I illustrate this through vignettes of individuals transitioning to organic farming in India. I show how disruptions to farmers’ skilled practices triggered anxiety while also prompting the development of skills for alternative agricultural practice. These skills enabled new ways of experiencing worlds, non-human entities and the telos of everyday activity.
Three-dimensional analysis of bone site grafting on the upper extremity on computed tomography scans
Authors: Villarreal-Villarreal Gregorio Alejandro , Simental-Mendía Mario , Arturo Ramírez Mendoza Diego , Peña-Martínez Víctor Manuel , Negreros-Osuna Adrian A , Alberto Acosta-Olivo Carlos
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To perform a quantitative analysis of the amount of cancellous bone in the distal radius and olecranon process by segmentation of computed tomographic scans. As a secondary analysis, the bone density by Hounsfield units was evaluated at the same sites.

Methods

Computed tomography angiography images of the upper extremity were analyzed using 3-D Slicer™ medical imaging software. Bone volume (cm3) and density (Hounsfield units) from the cancellous bone between the distal radius and the olecranon process were compared by creating an advanced three-dimensional model. The images were analyzed in duplicate, and an intraclass correlation was performed to assess measurement consistency.

Results

Twenty subjects were included. A total volume of 5.01 ± 1.21 cm3 and 5.81 ± 1.61 cm3 for the distal radius and the olecranon process ( p < .0001), respectively, was found. Regarding Hounsfield units, the density of the olecranon process was 303.1 ± 73.26, and the distal radius was 206.5 ± 63.73 ( p < .0001). All intraclass correlation coefficients were >0.992.

Conclusion

These results suggest that the olecranon process has a greater volume and a higher bone mineral density than the distal radius. With these results, the surgeon will have the ability to decide the quantity and quality of bone grafts according to the surgical procedure.