bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF MANAGEMENT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF AN AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL CLUSTER
Authors:   Institute of Pedagogical Education and Management, Timirgaleeva R.R. , Grishin I.Yu. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: April 2024

The modern agricultural sector is characterized by highly dynamic economic processes caused by the active development of information and communication technologies and increased competition. To ensure economic development and competitiveness of agro-industrial production in the digital economy, scientifically-based results are needed that illustrate the advantages of such structures and stimulate agro-industrial farms for digital transformation. The goal is to develop a concept for the formation of a model for managing the digital transformation of an agro-industrial cluster, reflecting a set of design solutions, technical means, methods of organization and management that ensure a given level of production, safe and reliable delivery of all necessary resources and finished products at the right time, the required quality and quantity with minimal costs. costs. The solution to this issue is based on the use of economic and mathematical modeling tools. The work also used research methods such as generalization and synthesis, system analysis, modeling, abstraction and optimization methods. Business processes characteristic of one of the branches of agro-industrial production - crop production - are identified, which serves as the basis for the digital transformation of organizational processes in the structural divisions of the cluster being formed. The implementation of the proposed concept serves as the basis for making informed management decisions regarding the structure of the cluster being formed and the feasibility of its digital transformation.
MODELS OF ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT FOR DIGITAL ENTERPRISE TRANSFORMATION
Authors:   Greif Russia, Zinatullina E.R. , Dubrovsky V. Zh. ,   Ural State University of Economics
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of developing a systematic approach to the implementation of digital transformation processes of an enterprise. Interest in its solution is due to the understanding that unique recipes for implementing digital transformation objectively do not exist, but the solution proposed by the authors to the problem of choosing organizational methods and means for developing and implementing a digital business strategy for an enterprise, with the goal of its future transformation into a “digital” enterprise, may be useful . To justify the author's approach, the goals, factors, and key elements of organizational support for the digital transformation of an enterprise are considered, as well as the results of an analysis of the experience of a number of foreign companies and organizations in terms of identifying those elements of the organization, the behavior or state of which ensures a positive result of the digital transformation processes. As an example demonstrating fragments of the author's approach and its system capabilities, models of organizational support for the digital transformation of the value proposition and the main business processes of the enterprise are given - two of the identified seven basic components of the areas of economic activity of the enterprise - the objects of its transformation into a “digital” enterprise.
RESEARCH AND PRODUCTION TRANSFORMATION OF THE MARKET OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND MACHINE BUILDING WITH THE PURPOSE OF ENSURING TECHNOLOGICAL SOVEREIGNTY OF THE COUNTRY
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS, Ivanchenko A. V.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to current problems of development of the industrial market of mechanical engineering and machine tools in the Russian Federation in connection with the urgent need for its scientific and industrial transformation. The purpose of the study is to characterize the state and determine the directions of development of the industrial market of mechanical engineering and machine tools in Russia. The objectives of the study include a general description of the industrial market and the place of mechanical engineering and machine tools in it, assessment of the role of imports and the effectiveness of import substitution measures taken by the state, and determination of directions for scientific and technological development of industries. The study used general scientific research methods, including complex analysis, as well as specifically scientific economic methods. The article notes that the industrial market has a multi-level hierarchical structure and operates on the basis of complex production and technological chains; At the same time, mechanical engineering and machine tool manufacturing play a key role in it as industries that make possible the production of all other types of products. At the same time, the strong dependence of key market segments on the import of machinery and components remains to this day, which indicates the insufficient effectiveness of the measures of the Government of the Russian Federation in implementing the import substitution policy. Also, a high level of dependence on imports is observed in the field of digital technologies necessary for the successful development of the industrial complex. In the current difficult foreign economic conditions, it is necessary to gradually overcome import dependence in mechanical engineering and machine tools through the implementation of various forms of economic and production-technical cooperation between the state, business, scientific and educational institutions.
DIGITAL PLATFORM FOR PRODUCTION
Authors:   Independent non-profit organization of further vocational education «Science and education center of aerospace defense «Almaz – Antey», Koytov S.A. ,   JSC RESEARCH DESIGN BYURO 'NOVATOR'
Published: April 2024

The study shows the possibilities of scaling the manufacturing services market through forms of cooperation based on the digital transformation of business processes. The relevance of the article is confirmed by the total trend towards digitalization in the Russian Federation, which affects a wide range of sectors. At the same time, the market for manufacturing high-tech services in the Russian Federation is still dominated by traditional business models. An analysis of the global market has shown that market leaders in manufacturing marketplaces have already emerged and their continued growth rates emphasize the demand for these business architectures. A study of existing digital platforms showed significant problems in transferring a business model to the industrial services sector in the Russian Federation. Barriers include legal and bureaucratic reasons, the lack of explicit algorithms for economic processes and the complexity of monitoring. Conclusions: the main types of demanded production services, the structure of participants, forms and patterns of interaction have been identified. The financial performance of industrial enterprises operating using classical methods will inevitably come under increasing pressure from advanced high-tech industries integrated into the architecture of digital services. The digital configuration of business models of enterprises undergoing transformation adapts to the cyclical load of production and, as a result, new competitive opportunities open up. A digital platform is a tool for scaling a business and allocating limited resources.
Histological processing of octocoral tissue v1
Authors: Rakka Maria , G Edery Gala , Carreiro-Silva Marina
Published: April 2024

In recent years, there has been a significant focus on coral habitats, encompassing both shallow and deep ecosystems. Historically, most studies concentrated on scleractinian corals, however contemporary research acknowledges the ecological importance of octocoral species, and the need to improve our understanding of their biology. Histology, which describes the internal morphology of animal tissues, is an essential tool for a wide range of biological studies, including reproductive biology, life history, taxonomy and phylogeny. Processing octocoral tissue histologically can be a complex task, given the unique skeletal structure of these organisms. Octocorals have internal skeletal structures called sclerites, which are composed of calcium carbonate and are embedded into the coral tissue. Decalcification of these structures creates air pockets in the tissue that hault further histological processing. Moreover, many octocorals possess a skeletal axis that is predominantly composed of organic matter, but may contain varying degrees of calcium carbonate. Including the axis in histological analysis may require experimentation to adjust the processing times. Although several studies report processing times for histological analysis, it is difficult to find detailed information on how to process octocoral tissue. Here, we present a detailed protocol that separates octocoral polyps from the skeletal axis, and utilizes vacuum to address issues with decalcification. The use of single polyps, or small polyp groups, decreases the processing time, and allows for manual processing without the use of automated systems. Vacuum removes trapped air from decalcification and increases the quality of the histological sections. We also include an optional step for specimens that were directly preserved in ethanol without prior fixation. Lastly, we demonstrate simple ways to section paraffin blocks that do not require extensive experience in histological sectioning.
Assessing the outcome of drug therapy in adult patients with epilepsy who have experienced seizure recurrence after remission
Authors: Sandu E. A. , Kotov A. S.
Published: April 2024

Background. Remission in general sense means disappearance of signs and symptoms of the disease. The risk of recurrence of seizures is usually evaluated only in terms of the risk of a second unprovoked seizure after the first one or the risk of recurrence of seizures after discontinuation of therapy. There are no studies that assess the probability of achieving a second remission in patients with recurrent seizures.Aim. To develop a tool for assessing the probability of favorable and unfavorable treatment outcomes after recurrent seizures in adult patients with different forms of epilepsy.Materials and methods. We analyzed data from 215 patients with recurrent seizures after achieving remission, followed up for 12 or more months, and analyzed disease outcomes.Results and conclusion. At the end of the study, repeat remission was observed in 67 patients, improvement in 48, and no effect in 100. Patients with remission and improvement were combined into a “favorable outcome” group (n = 115), while patients with no effect from therapy formed an “unfavorable outcome” group (n = 100).Patients with an unfavorable outcome were statistically significantly more likely to have factors such as longer disease duration, coexisting serious somatic diseases, structural etiology of epilepsy, bilateral tonic-clonic seizures with focal onset, focal forms of epilepsy, daily seizures, epileptogenic changes on neuroimaging, and regional epileptiform activity on EEG (p <0.05). In turn, patients with a favorable outcome were statistically significantly more likely to have factors such as genetic etiology of epilepsy, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, absences, myoclonic seizures, generalized forms of epilepsy, no pathology on neuroimaging, diffuse epileptiform activity on electroencephalogram, and no pathology on electroencephalogram (p <0.05).Based on the obtained data using the results of constructing contingency tables, a scale for assessing the probability of achieving repeat remission in patients with recurrent epileptic seizures was developed, consisting of 9 sections. To assess the effectiveness of the model, ROC analysis was performed, confirming statistically significant sensitivity and specificity of the obtained scale.Further research is needed to develop more accurate predictors of epilepsy outcomes to understand the peculiarities of the disease pathogenesis.
Efficacy and tolerability of sulthiame in the treatment of epilepsy: a literature review
Authors: Mukhin K. Yu. , Pylaeva O. A. , Мarkin А. V.
Published: April 2024

This review aims to summarize the available evidence on the efficacy and tolerability of sulthiame for different forms of epilepsy. The analysis of international publications suggests that sulthiame is considered as a first-line drug for the treatment of age-dependent epilepsy with central temporal spikes (rolandic epilepsy). Sulthiame is highly effective in children with epileptic encephalopathies manifesting with spike-and-wave activity during sleep, including Landau-Kleffner syndrome, as well as in patients with myoclonic seizures. The drug might be also effective in patients with other forms of focal epilepsy, including those resistant to therapy. The tolerability of sulthiame is higher that that of old antiepileptic drugs and even levetiracetam; thus, it is associated with a lower risk of treatment interruptions due to adverse events. Moreover, sulthiame can be used for behavioral disorders (such as hyperkinetic behavior, aggressiveness) and cognitive impairments. Sulthiame can be effective in patients with epilepsy and sleep apnea.
The use of T-cells with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors
Authors: Khaliulin M. R. , Safin R. N. , Kunst M. A. , Bulatov E. R.
Published: April 2024

The introduction of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematological diseases, particularly in combating blood cancer. The success of this cell therapy approach has led to the development of approximately seven commercial CAR-T based drugs. However, the application of CAR-T therapy for solid tumors has proven to be less effective due to challenges such as the varied antigens in solid tumors, an immunosuppressive tumor environment, limited immune cell infiltration, reduced CAR-T cell activity and toxicity issues. To solve these problems, scientists are making efforts to improve and improve the methods of treatment of solid tumors. Chemotherapy is the standard treatment for a large number of malignant neoplasms. It is also used before starting cell therapy for lymphodepletion and better engraftment of injected CAR-T cells. It has been shown that chemotherapy can reduce the immunosuppressive effect of the tumor microenvironment, destroy the stroma, and promote better infiltration of the tumor by CAR-T cells, improving their survival, persistence, cytotoxicity, and influencing the metabolism of immune cells inside the tumor. The effectiveness of combining chemotherapy and CAR-T cell therapy relies on various factors such as tumor type, dosage, treatment schedule, CAR-T cell composition, and individual biological traits. Similarly, radiation therapy can enhance tumor cell vulnerability to specific treatments while also supporting tumor cell survival.

In this review, we discuss the use of CAR-T therapy to combat solid tumors, regarding the challenges of treating solid tumors, ways to overcome them, and also touch upon the possibility of using combination treatments to improve the effectiveness of cell therapy.
Decreasing the ability of HCT116 cells to escape from therapy induced senescence by increasing the duration of doxorubicin treatment
Authors: Persiyantseva N. A. , Vikhrova S. Yu. , Korotkova M. S. , Kazansky D. B. , Tatarsky V. V. , Zamkova M. A.
Published: April 2024

Contacts: Maria Anatolievna Zamkova zamkovam@gmail.com Introduction. Due to the toxicity of high doses of chemotherapy, low concentrations used in cancer treatment leads to the development of senescence phenotype in tumor cells, characterized by a block in the cell cycle progression and the absence of division; changes in the transcriptional and metabolic profile of cells. A negative consequence of this stage is acquisition of individual cells the ability to escape from senescence and return to re-proliferation.

Aim. To estimate the effect of the duration of drug treatment of HCT116 tumor cells on their ability to escape from therapy induced senescence.

Materials and methods. The senescence phenotype was confirmed by the analysis of β-galactosidase activity; cell cycle analysis; estimation of protein levels by western blotting. Colonies were stained with crystal violet dye.

Results. In our study, we showed that the duration of HCT116 cells incubation with low-dose doxorubicin affects their ability to return to re-proliferation – increasing the treatment time using same drug dose reduces the process of colony formation. The duration of doxorubicin treatment does not affect the formation of the senescence phenotype, which was confirmed by analyzing different markers of this stage (changes in β-galactosidase activity, cell cycle analysis, assessment of p21 and γH2AX protein levels). However, there is a delay in the development of cellular response to DNA damage caused by doxorubicin in cells exposed to prolong treatment protocol (increase in β-galactosidase activity, formation of polyploid cells).

Conclusion. The duration of doxorubicin treatment of HCT116 cancer cells affects long-term consequences, reducing the ability of senescent cells to escape this stage when the incubation time with the drug is extended.
Fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis as a variant of the course of hepatotropic viruses’ infection
Authors: Syutkin Vladimir E. , Chulanov Vladimir P.
Published: April 2024

Fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis is a special variant of infectious hepatitis, with a rapid progressive deterioration of liver function, and usually results in immunosuppression. It has also been reported in patients with immunocompetent status having viral hepatitis B and C. Fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis is diagnosed based on the histological examination of the liver tissue, which reveals severe damage to hepatocytes with pronounced ballooning over a weak inflammatory reaction, pericellular and perisinusoidal fibrosis, and intracellular and tubular cholestases. Analysis of the literature confirms the authors’ assumption that pathological changes in the liver, described as fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis, can develop in different conditions under the influence of various infectious agents. Despite the availability of effective antiviral therapy for hepatitis B and C, the outcomes of fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis are often unfavorable, particularly in cases not associated with solid-organ transplantation. Currently, because of the emergence of numerous drugs that selectively act on the immune system and the development of new areas of medicine such as hematology, rheumatology, oncology, transplantology, and infectious diseases, doctors in these specialties increasingly encounter severe liver damage in patients receiving specific therapy. The authors believe that doctors who do not work at liver transplantation centers underestimate the possibility of fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis development in patients with viral hepatitis B and C, in the clinic of infectious and internal diseases.
O trabalho de fisioterapeutas da Atenção Básica em Saúde brasileira - construindo caminhos para o enfrentamento da pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Fernandes Janainny Magalhães , Santos Sanches Vinícius , Silva Dias Claudia , Warken Rosa Camelier Fernanda , Sousa Silva Jackeline , Oliveira Martins Herbert , Lisiane de Moraes dos Santos Mara
Published: April 2024

Introdução: A Atenção Básica em Saúde (AB) tem papel importante no cuidado de usuários com Covid-19, na prevenção de agravos, na escuta e acolhimento inicial, diagnósticos, condutas e encaminhamentos precoces, bem como na reabilitação e continuidade do cuidado de pessoas com sequelas da doença, tanto no âmbito físico, psíquico e social. No Brasil, embora as condutas de gestão de crise política possam ter tido impacto direto no descontrole da pandemia e com enormes quantidades de usuários em estado grave de contaminação com número elevado de óbitos, a AB possui equipes multiprofissionais que incluem o fisioterapeuta para o cuidado da população, com papel preponderante no enfrentamento da pandemia. Objetivos: Dessa forma, este ensaio acadêmico busca trazer à cena a atuação de fisioterapeutas na AB para prevenção, promoção, cuidado continuado, ações territoriais e reabilitação de usuários com Covid-19, bem como suas consequências biopsicossociais, com enfoque na integralidade do cuidado e ações coletivas no território. Métodos: Apresentamos as possibilidades de ferramentas, ações e práticas de atuação do profissional fisioterapeuta no enfrentamento da pandemia na Atenção Básica. Resultados e Conclusões: O fisioterapeuta da Atenção Básica tem um papel preponderante em todas as fases da pandemia da Covid-19, desde a promoção da saúde e prevenção de contaminação e de contágio, tratamento na fase aguda e o cuidado na Covid Longa.
 
Palavras-chave: Fisioterapia; COVID-19; Equipe multiprofissional; Atenção Primária à Saúde.
“Caretakers” in the system of self-government of the Nakhichevan Armenian colony on the Don (1779–1870)
Authors:   Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Batiev Levon V.
Published: April 2024

Caretakers were established in 1779 as “protectors” of settlers. They were mentioned in Nakhchivan only in 1784 (in 1782–1783 – the town governor). Newly appointed by the magistrate in 1837, two custodians functioned until 1844, and their functions were transferred back to the magistrate’s assessors. In 1780, four custodians were appointed in the villages. They, as lower police officers, acting according to the “Instruction” received from the magistrate, existed until the reforms of the 1860s.
Garrison and the town community of Berwick-upon-Tweed on the orders of Henry VIII and Elizabeth Tudor
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Beltser Alexander A.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the study of relations between the town community and the garrison based on the analysis of documents regulating the life of Berwick-upon-Tweed. Located almost on the very border, Berwick was of great strategic importance, so the town had a military garrison. Early Tudor royal enactments pay little attention to the relationship between the townspeople and the soldiers of the garrison. The legislators were mainly interested in this problem when it came to matters of importance to the defense of the town. In this case, it usually concerns the contacts of garrison officers with the leaders of the town community. Nevertheless, it can be concluded that there is a constant interaction between the townspeople and the soldiers and that there are conflicts between them.
Cities of England in the middle of the XVI century in the Relazioni of the Venetian ambassadors
Authors:   National Research State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Arzamas branch, Tretyakova Marina V.
Published: April 2024

The article examines the data of the final reports of the Venetian ambassadors on English cities. The information of the Venetian ambassadors about the cities of England, unfortunately, is brief. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that they basically boil down to pointing out that London is the main city of the country, that other cities of England are simply listed by the Venetian ambassadors, that the testimonies of the Venetians, albeit indirectly, help to recreate the perception of the cities of the English kingdom by the Venetians.
British Zenana missions of the XIX century and their projects for the liberation of Indian women
Authors:   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Arzamas branch, Yablonskaya Olga V.
Published: April 2024

The article studies the goals, objectives, directions of work of the British zenana missions in the XIX th century based on the analysis of reports and articles in missionary magazines. It is shown that the creation of organizations was caused by the desire to help the disenfranchised women of India. Women missionaries sought to mitigate the social exclusion of Indian women, opposed cruel customs, slavery and humiliation of women, provided them with educational and medical services. Christianization was carried out without violence, through familiarization with Western culture. The author concludes that, the missionaries made a great contribution to the socio-cultural development of India, the improvement of social relations, the development of women’s education and the medical system of the British colony.
The evolution of Western Powers’ perceptions of the Soviet-German relations in 1918–1924
Authors:   Ryazan State Medical University, Trusova Mariya A.
Published: April 2024

On the basis of the study of the Documents of foreign policy of Great Britain, France and the United States the author identifies the main stages of Soviet and German relations in the socalled Rapallo period. Eachstage has its own features of the perception and their prospects by these countries. The author concludes that Western countries’ assessments of German-Soviet relations are interdependent and interconnected with their foreign policy and foreign economic decisions.
Omnipotent plant sources assisted green synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle - A promising Chemical Sensing tool
Authors: Selvaraj Anitha , Mukunda Murthy Kannan , Rajmohan Rangasamy
Published: April 2024

This article aims to analyze the various sensor applications of silver nanoparticles synthesized from green materials, particularly plant-based sources. The current shape in the field of nanotechnology is the synthesis of metal nanoparticles via environmentally friendly and more reliable green materials. The green route synthesis is found to be a promising method because of its congenial properties. It is economical, affable, and reproducible. Heavy metals have been dispersed widely in the environment, and they are well known for their virulent effects. Numerous methods are available to sense and detect those metals. The headway in the domain of nanotechnology is to synthesize AgNPs from green plants and to steer clear of the hazardous effects of metals. Efficacious synthetic routes via plant-mediated synthesized AgNPs open up easy and efficient sensing of hazardous metals in the environment. AgNPs have attracted many researchers because they have good biocompatibility and other outstanding properties. Remarkable electronic, catalytic, and optical properties have enabled AgNPs to be used as sensors in medical, biological, and chemical fields. This review highlights the application of PAGS-AgNPs as a chemical sensor for detecting heavy metals and organic compounds in the environment.
Vročinski valovi v Mariboru v obdobju 1961-2018
Authors: Žiberna Igor , Ivajnšič Danijel
Published: April 2024

V članku smo obravnavali stanje in trende pogostosti pojavljanja vročinskih valov, njihovega trajanja in intenzivnosti v Mariboru na osnovi podatkov meteorološke postaje Maribor-Tabor v obdobju 1961-2018. Rezultati kažejo, da vse tri komponente kažejo izazit pozitivni trend. Izstopajo predvsem trendi števila vročinskih valov in njihove intenzivnosti, medtem ko se povprečna dolžina trajnja sicer povečuje, a ne tako izrazito. Lokalne razlike v intenzivnosti mestnega toplotnega otoka v času vročinskih valov smo prikazali tudi z metodo daljinskega zaznavanja in sicer na osnovi posnetkov satelita Landsat 8, ki prikazujejo temperaturo površja.
Agricultural Households in Mountain Areas in Pre- and Post-accession Slovenia
Authors: Bojnec Štefan , Knific Kristina
Published: April 2024

This paper analyses structural changes in agriculture and agricultural households in the mountainous areas of the Gorenjska region in Slovenia. The focus is on agricultural multifunctional roles, agricultural and agricultural households’ structural changes pre- and post-accession of Slovenia to the European Union (EU) on the basis of datasets obtained by two in-depth surveys from 2001 and 2007. The analyses confirm adjustments of farm households to the use of subsidies and new regulations, and diversification of agricultural households’ incomes. Short-term and long-term strategies of farm households vary depending on farms’ natural factor endowments for agriculture, farm size and structures of farm households, availability of agricultural land and their rental values, diversification of incomes with self-employment and employment outside the farm household.
Are consumers in Slovenia concerned about the mountain quality food
Authors: Majkovič Darja , Borec Andreja
Published: April 2024

Recently, several studies on Mountain quality food products (further referred to as MQFP) emerged EU wide, especially after the EU charter of MQFP was established. In Slovenia, the first studies on MQFP where implemented in the frame of the EU FP6 EuroMarc project, started in 2007. After the project scope, the importance of MQFP is much more extensive then only according to purchase and consumer perceptions, thus the developing of mountain food products is also the developing of mountain areas and therefore part of broader rural development issues. In the paper, the first consumer analyses are presented, with the aim to find out whether consumers are sensitive to such products at all and to find out whether there exist some positive synergies between consumers and area of origin. The consumer analyses were carried out on the basis of questionnaires, and the data is presented with the descriptive statistic. The results show that consumers have in general a very positive perception of MQFP, although they do not know what exactly the characteristics of MQFP should be. As regards the synergies between the area of origin and the purchasing of MQFP, the results differ according to the area the respondents come from (e.g. mountain, non-mountain areas).
Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Post-Extubation Dysphagia Screening Tool
Authors: Canbolat Ozlem , Yuksel Serpil , Gorgulu Umit , Cankar Dal Hayriye , Kapucu Sevgisun
Published: April 2024

Background and Purpose:Patients who have been intubated ≥48 hours are at risk of dysphagia. Evaluation of swallowing before starting oral feeding after extubation is necessary to prevent aspiration and the problems caused by aspiration. The Post-Extubation Dysphagia Screening tool is a validated and reliable tool used to evaluate extubation-induced dysphagia. This study was conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Post-Extubation Dysphagia Screening Tool for the Turkish population.Methods:The study had a methodological design and was carried out with 50 patients followed in the intensive care unit of a public hospital. The study was carried out in four stages: (1) language validity, (2) content validity, (3) establishing interrater reliability by agreement with two observers (intensive care nurse and intensivist), and (4) establishing sensitivity and specificity with the intensive care nurse and intensivist.Results:The overall content validity index was 0.91, indicating content validity. Interrater reliability was established (Cohen’s g = 0.93). The prevalence of post-extubation dysphagia was 42%, and the sensitivity of the Post-Extubation Dysphagia Screening Tool was 82% and the specificity was 64%.Implications for Practice:The Turkish version of the Post-Extubation Dysphagia Screening Tool exhibited good evidence of validity and reliability and was determined important as it can help nurses evaluate post-extubation dysphagia in intensive care patients. The use of this tool by a nurse reduces the risk of unsafe oral intake among patients after prolonged intubation. This tool allows accurate assessment of dysphagia and initiation of early and safe oral feeding in critical care patients.
Key Considerations: Social, Structural and Community Dynamics of Cholera Transmission and Mortality in Ethiopia
Authors: Carruth Lauren
Published: April 2024

The current cholera outbreak in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia began in August 2022. As of April 2024, active outbreaks had been recorded in most regions of the country, including: Amhara; Dire Dawa; Harari; Oromia; Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region (SNNPR); Somali and Tigray. This brief has been developed to support response efforts by exploring the social and structural determinants and community dynamics of cholera infection and mortality in Ethiopia. Socio-cultural and epidemiological information, academic and grey literature and consultations with cholera response experts in Ethiopia have been used to develop the brief.
Autonomia de estudantes universitários antes e durante o ensino remoto
Authors: Souza Rita de Cássia de , Domingues Sérgio , Melo Carolina Silva Bandeira de , Euclides Maria Simone , Cruz Beatriz Monteiro da , Cunha Denis Antônio da
Published: April 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa realizada com 394 universitários de 19 instituições de ensino superior, 17 do Estado de Minas Gerais e 2 de São Paulo, sendo 9 privadas e 10 públicas, a partir de um formulário com 52 questões objetivas e 6 questões discursivas. Considerando que a autonomia dos estudantes é um fator importante para o aprendizado, especialmente no contexto do ensino remoto, realizou-se uma discussão sobre a autonomia de um ponto de vista relacional e foi apresentado, a partir de algumas questões selecionadas para esta análise, como os participantes estudavam antes do período remoto, se algo havia mudado durante este período e por quê.  Os resultados mostram que os estudantes universitários tiveram muitas dificuldades com os estudos durante a pandemia, especialmente pelas distrações presentes ao estudar no contexto familiar, com acesso a vários outros estímulos que competiam por sua atenção, destacando ainda a falta que sentiam do contato interpessoal com professores e colegas. As estratégias de aprendizagem que utilizavam, em sua maioria, foram aprendidas por conta própria e, para eles, o ensino remoto poderia trazer prejuízo em sua formação frente o que tentavam evitar perdas maiores. Por outro lado, também entendiam que esta situação afetava todos os outros universitários, o que os deixava mais confortáveis, além de considerarem que era melhor ter ensino remoto que nenhum ensino, considerando a situação atípica provocada pela pandemia.
Dampak Kesenjangan Jam Bekerja terhadap Ketimpangan Upah di Jabodetabek Selama Pandemi Covid-19 Tahun 2020
Authors:   Program Studi Ekonomi Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis Universitas Diponegoro, Jannah Sophia Lailil , Rini Ariska Nurfajar ,   Program Studi Ekonomi Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis Universitas Diponegoro
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan jam kerja pekerja laki-laki dan perempuan terhadap kesenjangan upah pada masa Pandemi Covid-19 di kawasan Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang dan Bekasi (Jabodetabek) Tahun 2020 dengan menggunakan metode Ordinary Least Square (OLS) dan Dekomposisi Blinder-Oaxaca. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jam kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap upah dengan koefisien sebesar 4,72% untuk pekerja laki-laki dan 7,05% untuk pekerja perempuan. Dekomposisi Blinder-Oaxaca menunjukkan hasil bahwa jam kerja berkontribusi dalam mengurangi kesenjangan upah karena terjadi konvergensi upah akibat pengurangan jam kerja akibat penerapan kebijakan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) di Jabodetabek.
Association between Congestive Heart Failure and Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament in Korea: A Nationwide Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Jang Dong Soon , Kim Hakyung , Sheen Seung Hun , Han Inbo , Lee Soo Hyun , Choi Woo Seok , Hong Je Beom , Cho Min Jai , Sohn Seil
Published: April 2024

Objective: The objective of this nationwide, long-term follow-up study was to explore the connection between congestive heart failure (CHF) and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in Korea.Methods: Patient information was collected from the Health Screening cohort of the National Health Insurance Service. Individuals diagnosed with OPLL were identified using specific International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes (M48.8, M48.81, M48.82, and M48.83). A total of 1,289 OPLL patients and 6,445 controls were included in the study, selected through 1:5 age and sex matching. The data spanned from January 1, 2004 to July 31, 2015. To compute the incidence rate of CHF in each group, the Kaplan-Meier method was employed. Additionally, Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis was utilized to estimate the hazard ratio of CHF.Results: CHF was present in 19 patients (1.47%) in the OPLL group and 71 patients (1.10%) in the control group. After accounting for age and sex, the hazard ratio for CHF in the OPLL group was 3.164 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.867-5.360). When additionally considering income and underlying diseases, the hazard ratio for CHF within the OPLL group was 3.355 (95% CI, 1.977-5.694). All subgroups of OPLL patients exhibited an increased risk ratio for CHF across parameters such as sex, age, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.Conclusion: According to this nationwide longitudinal study, an elevated incidence rate of CHF was associated with OPLL.
Advancing Digital Rock Imaging with Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Temizel Cenk , Odi Uchenna , Cetin Coskun , Pamukcu Yusuf
Published: April 2024

This article explores the application of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in improving subsurface rock analysis. GANs generate realistic images of rock features, enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of estimating rock properties. The objective is to advance the field of subsurface rock analysis, offering insights into the potential of GAN techniques.

The article reviews recent developments in data-driven rock reconstruction technology, specifically focusing on GANs. It highlights GANs’ ability to generate and estimate rock features like porosity and permeability. These GAN methods are complemented by discriminators to select or reject features, making them integral to the reconstruction model. The article provides a framework for engineers and researchers to effectively utilize these techniques for rock reconstruction, offering an assessment of their strengths and limitations.

Digital rock reconstruction, aided by GANs, has promising implications for site selection and recovery. GANs enhance image resolution, improving the field of view and dynamism of parameters in rock analysis. However, GANs heavily rely on high-quality data, which poses a limitation. To address this, conditional GANs have been proposed. The article comprehensively reviews the latest developments in GAN methods for digital rock reconstruction, offering valuable insights for engineers and researchers using GANs for accurate subsurface rock analysis. It also proposes ways to enhance these methods and advance the field.

The novelty of this article lies in its exploration of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in the context of subsurface rock analysis. It emphasizes the potential of GAN techniques to generate realistic rock images and estimate properties like porosity and permeability. Additionally, the article discusses the integration of GANs into the digital rock concept, highlighting their role in improving predictive models and supporting decision-making in the oil and gas industry's resource extraction and production strategies.
MWD Tools’ Electronic Components Data-Driven Failure Detection
Authors: Rodriguez A. , Rey-Torres C. , Kohar A. , Malik A.
Published: April 2024

Within the oil and gas industry, measurement-while-drilling (MWD) tools have several sensors to provide telemetry data that allow performing either live or post-job health diagnostics of the tool components and effectively replace/repair them to avoid unnecessary nonproductive time. Nevertheless, health checks are often purely telemetry-based, not using past job information to quantify cumulative component degradation, which increases the probability of failure during subsequent jobs.

This work proposes a methodology that (1) introduces historical data to improve on failure detection and (2) benchmarks it against single-job-based models over the same features for a particular MWD tool. We find that by stacking historical features (as multivariate time series), failure prediction using one-dimensional convolutional neural networks provides better estimates of the probability of failure.

We apply our methodology to five of the most common electronic component failure detection models trained over the time series the telemetry channels of 38 coiled tubing drilling MWD assets, totaling 752 jobs, and present the comparison between single-job-based models (with an average F1-score 0.66) and historical data-based models (with an average F1-score of 0.75).
Geochemical Modeling of Low Salinity Polymer Flooding for Carbonate Rocks
Authors: Arellano Aaron Guadalupe Tellez , Al-Shalabi Emad W. , Hassan Anas M. , Kamal Muhammad S. , Patil Shirish , Hussain Syed M. Shakil
Published: April 2024

The demand for global energy has been continuously increasing, and the oil and gas (O&G) industry is a significant supplier of energy required to meet this demand. However, the industry faces challenges due to regulatory constraints and exploration complexity, which have made it necessary to maximize oil recovery from existing fields. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques have shown great potential in increasing oil recovery from reservoirs that were produced by conventional primary and secondary recovery methods. Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (cEOR) techniques, specifically Polymer flooding, have proven valuable in improving the macroscopic sweep efficiency and changing rock and fluid interactions at a reasonable technical and economic cost. To appropriately select a suitable polymer, it is essential to understand the impact of diffusion, polymer adsorption, and geochemical interactions between the polymer, brine, and rock phases.

The main objective of this study is to propose a mechanistic model that captures the physicochemical aspects of polymer flow in porous media through a geochemical perspective using a coupled reservoir flow and geochemical numerical simulator (MRST-IPhreeqc simulator) for applications in carbonate rocks. The study developed a mechanistic model using MRST reservoir flow and the IPhreeqc geochemical simulator, with the MRST polymer module modified to model key parameters such as polymer viscosity, adsorption, IPV, RRF, hydrolysis, and shear effects. Surface Complexation Modeling from IPhreeqc was integrated to model Indiana limestone carbonate rocks and introduced a polymer species of ATBS sulfonated polymer for interaction within the MRST simulator for Low Salinity Polymer (LSP) flooding paradigm. The adsorption equilibrium is captured through thermodynamic reactions and flow equations. The updated simulator was validated against experimental tests for carbonate rocks. The results prove the simulator’s effectiveness in modeling the main mechanisms of LSP. This study offers insights into geochemical, reservoir flow, and adsorption in polymer flooding. The integration of geochemical factors is crucial for optimizing polymer flooding in the Middle East’s harsh carbonate reservoir conditions, enhancing regional oil recovery.
A Reinforcement Learning Approach to Optimize CO2 Removal from Flue Gas in Carbon Capture Applications
Authors: Zirrahi M. , Santiago C. , MacFarlan K.
Published: April 2024

Reinforcement learning (RL) has gained interest in chemical process and production industries for control and optimization of the process. The RL algorithm does not need any kind of field knowledge to start the optimization process. The algorithm will be trained and adjusted during the learning and training steps. This paper presents an evaluation of the RL approach in the context of CO2 removal from flue gas for carbon capture applications.

A carbon capture plant is simulated using a commercial process simulator to be served as the RL algorithm’s environment. Observed values and control parameters required for plant optimization are defined and fed into the algorithm. These parameters were used for reward, policy, and state definitions. The agent in the RL model uses a deep deterministic policy gradients (DDPG) algorithm for process optimization. Two neural networks were used as the critic and actor for policy generation. The optimization target is the minimization of the required operating energy while removing the optimal amount of CO2 from the flue gas.

The RL algorithm was used to train the critic and actor networks toward the optimum policy for operating the carbon capture plant. The result of the project is an assessment of the capture plant response to the changes in CO2 composition and inlet gas flow rate. The goal of the plant operation is to minimize the required operating energy while removing the optimal amount of CO2 from the flue gas. The results of the trained RL algorithm have been evaluated under different operating conditions. The required energy was compared with the base case; i.e., the case with recommended operating conditions by the simulator vendor. The results showed that trained RL algorithm can operate the capture plant with lower energy costs in more than 70% of the cases. The paper presents an evaluation of the RL method for CO2 capture process optimizations in digital transforming and implementing artificial intelligence (AI) in oil and gas industries.
Fluid Migration Along Faults: Implications for CCUS
Authors: Zhou J. D. , Likanapaisal P. , Lun L. S. , Krishnamurthy P.
Published: April 2024

The capture and geological storage of CO2 is a safe, proven, and immediately deployable technology that can decarbonize heavy industry and manufacturing. Worldwide, there are several projects that currently store CO2 in depleted hydrocarbon fields and saline aquifers. In the United States, there has been significant progress in CCS project development in such formations subject to Underground Injection Control (UIC) Class VI guidance. Concern for contamination of underground source of drinking water (USDW) zones is regulated by limiting CO2 injection near faults. This represents a loss of potential pore space for CO2 storage.

This work examines fluid migration along faults using a model based on a potential storage site in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). The feasibility of brine and CO2 migration from the storage zone into the upper layers of the formation and USDW zones via faults is investigated through numerical simulation. A fault plane is simulated through local grid refinement (LGR) with varying properties to imitate different fault transmissibilities. Additional sensitivity studies on various operating parameters and fault characteristics were performed to determine conditions that could lead to USDW contamination. The simulation followed an injection schedule of 30 years injection at 1.6 MTA followed by 1000 years of shut-in observation. Fluid tracers were implemented to track the migration of brine to and from varying zones within the model.

A range of fault characteristics, ranging from an open conduit to a fully sealing fault, were studied to observe the behavior and migration of fluids over the course of the simulation to get a sense of what average fault permeability is necessary to get a material amount of fluid migration. More realistic variations of fault characteristics will result in more conservative cases of CO2 migration upwards toward the USDW zone. Future work will involve extending this work to additional assets and using more sophisticated fault permeability descriptions.