bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Place of death and other factors associated with unnatural mortality in patients with serious mental disorders: population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wilson Rebecca , Gaughran Fiona , Whitburn Tara , Higginson Irene J. , Gao Wei
Published: March 2019

Background

Patients with serious mental disorders have poorer healthcare outcomes at the end of life and are at greater risk of dying from unnatural causes.

Aims

To explore place of death and demographic and clinical correlates of unnatural causes of death in patients with serious mental disorders.

Method

Routinely collected patient data were used to explore bivariate and adjusted associations between covariates and natural/unnatural cause of death.

Results

In multivariable analysis (n = 1029), dying at home (odds ratio (OR) = 1.87, 95% CI 1.03–3.40), ‘other’ locations (OR = 16.50, 95% CI 7.57–36.00), younger age (OR = 17.26, 95% CI 8.28–36.00) and a diagnosis other than schizophrenia spectrum disorder (OR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.04–2.73) were correlates of unnatural cause of death.

Conclusions

Deaths from unnatural causes were high and more likely to occur at home and non-healthcare settings. Unnatural causes of death were higher in younger patients with non-schizophrenia spectrum disorder diagnoses.

Declaration of interest

F.G. has received support or honoraria for CME, advisory work and lectures from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Roche, and Sunovion, and has a family member with professional links to Lilly and GSK, including shares.
US Cancer Centers of Excellence Strategies for Increased Inclusion of Racial and Ethnic Minorities in Clinical Trials
Authors: Regnante Jeanne M. , Richie Nicole A. , Fashoyin-Aje Lola , Vichnin Michelle , Ford Marvella , Roy Upal Basu , Turner Kenneth , Hall Laura Lee , Gonzalez Evelyn , Esnaola Nestor , Clark Luther T. , Adams Homer C. , Alese Olatunji B. , Gogineni Keerthi , McNeill Lorna , Petereit Daniel , Sargeant Ify , Dang Julie , Obasaju Coleman , Highsmith Quita , Lee Simon Craddock , Hoover Spencer C. , Williams Erin L. , Chen Moon S.
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE:

Participation of racial and ethnic minority groups (REMGs) in cancer trials is disproportionately low despite a high prevalence of certain cancers in REMG populations. We aimed to identify notable practices used by leading US cancer centers that facilitate REMG participation in cancer trials.

METHODS:

The National Minority Quality Forum and Sustainable Healthy Communities Diverse Cancer Communities Working Group developed criteria by which to identify eligible US cancer centers—REMGs comprise 10% or more of the catchment area; a 10% to 50% yearly accrual rate of REMGs in cancer trials; and the presence of formal community outreach and diversity enrollment programs. Cancer center leaders were interviewed to ascertain notable practices that facilitate REMG accrual in clinical trials.

RESULTS:

Eight cancer centers that met the Communities Working Group criteria were invited to participate in in-depth interviews. Notable strategies for increased REMG accrual to cancer trials were reported across five broad themes: commitment and center leadership, investigator training and mentoring, community engagement, patient engagement, and operational practices. Specific notable practices included increased engagement of health care professionals, the presence of formal processes for obtaining REMG patient/caregiver input on research projects, and engagement of community groups to drive REMG participation. Centers also reported an increase in the allocation of resources to improving health disparities and increased dedication of research staff to REMG engagement.

CONCLUSION:

We have identified notable practices that facilitate increased participation of REMGs in cancer trials. Wide implementation of such strategies across cancer centers is essential to ensure that all populations benefit from advances in an era of increasingly personalized treatment of cancer.
“Time Enough, but None to Spare”: The Indispensable Temporalities of Charles Chesnutt’s The Marrow of Tradition
Authors: Marcus Sara
Published: March 2019

This essay argues that the African American literature of the nadir, written during a moment when concepts of evolution and departures from linear time were deployed to the detriment of black life as well as in its defense, is a rich archive for analyzing the unpredictable politics of multiple temporalities. I discuss several books from the period before focusing on Charles W. Chesnutt’s 1901 novel The Marrow of Tradition, in which white supremacists weaponize nonlinear temporalities while punctual black characters express faith in linear progressive historical time. This novel, I argue, ultimately suggests a genre of temporality that neither appears as a type of linear time nor ruptures it utterly, and the book implies that temporal suspensions or holds can potentially be useful—not as inherently liberatory but as means of making way for productive disagreement. Within the novel, I identify a provocative fermata, theorized here (drawing on the work of Christina Sharpe, Hortense Spillers, and Édouard Glissant) as a temporal hold, that both exists within and ruptures linear time. This essay, then, responds to the common association of linear time with oppressive institutions and nonlinear time with liberation; instead, I argue for an expansive conception of critical temporality.
Lovelorn Columns: A Genre Scorned
Authors: Lutes Jean M.
Published: March 2019

The newspaper advice column has shaped the American imagination in unacknowledged ways. Using Nathanael West’s Miss Lonelyhearts (1933) as a lens into a wily, underestimated genre, I juxtapose West’s riff on the newspaper advice column with readings of the real thing. I review the lovelorn column’s distinctive features and situate West’s satiric novella in that context. I also examine the racial dynamics of both the novella and the genre, touching briefly on the careers of two lovelorn columnists: the well-known Dorothy Dix, who was white, and the now-obscure Princess Mysteria, who was African American. In the process, I show that literary critics have allowed the misogyny of West’s novella to define one of the most enduring of all women’s popular genres. Advice columns have been dismissed as a morally bankrupt product of consumer capitalism, but they did more than simply render irrelevant the question of genuine emotional expression. Using a complex masquerade of gender and race, columnists shifted counsel outside the bounds of interpersonal exchange, forged an anonymous, recursive imaginative field, and generated glimmers of an ethics of intimacy.
Termite soldier mandibles are elongated by dachshund under hormonal and Hox gene controls
Authors: Sugime Yasuhiro , Oguchi Kohei , Gotoh Hiroki , Hayashi Yoshinobu , Matsunami Masatoshi , Shigenobu Shuji , Koshikawa Shigeyuki , Miura Toru
Published: March 2019

In social insects, interactions among colony members trigger caste differentiation with morphological modifications. In termite soldier differentiation, the mandible size considerably increases through two moltings (via the presoldier stage) under the control of juvenile hormone (JH). Regulatory genes are predicted to provide patterning information that induces the mandible-specific cell proliferation. To identify factors responsible for the mandibular enlargement, expression analyses of 18 candidate genes were carried out in the termite Hodotermopsis sjostedti. Among those, dachshund (dac), which identifies the intermediate domain along the proximodistal appendage axis, showed mandible-specific upregulation prior to the molt into presoldiers, which can explain the pattern of cell proliferation for the mandibular elongation. Knockdown of dac by RNAi reduced the mandibular length and distorted its morphology. Furthermore, the epistatic relationships among Methoprene tolerant, Insulin receptor, Deformed (Dfd) and dac were revealed by combined RNAi and qRT-PCR analyses, suggesting that dac is regulated by Dfd, downstream of the JH and insulin signaling pathways. Thus, caste-specific morphogenesis is controlled by interactions between the factors that provide spatial information and physiological status.
The major philosophical trends and concepts of science
Authors: Канке Виктор , Kankye Viktor
Published: March 2019

The content of phenomenology, fundamental ontology, hermeneutics, poststructuralism and analytical philosophy is discussed.
It is compared with the achievements of modern science. The union of philosophy and science is being implemented.
For university students enrolled in the direction of "Philosophy", graduate students studying the course "History and Philosophy of Science" and undergraduates mastering disciplines on the methodology of scientific
knowledge. It is of interest to philosophers and scientists, as well as a wide range of readers interested in strengthening the union of philosophy and science.
Determination of progesterone compounds in the crude methanol extract of benalu duku leaves
Authors: Mochamad Lazuardi , Hermanto Bambang , Hestianah E. P.
Published: March 2019

Background and Aim: Dendrophthoe pentandra L. Miq (benalu duku) is a parasitic herb that commonly grows on the host plant Lansium domesticum. Researchers have found that the plant contains anticancer compounds and may contain phytoandrogens, including progesterone-like compounds, in its crude methanol extract. The objective of the current study was to investigate the compound of phyto progesterone in benalu duku leaves after extracted by methanol and prepared using an analytical column of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Materials and Methods: About 400 g of benalu duku leaves were pulverized, and their compounds were isolated by the isocratic method using an RP-18 analytical column (5 μm) with a mobile phase of 70:30 (methanol: water) in a photodiode array detector adjusted to 254 nm. The phyto progesterone compound was identified at a retention time of approximately 6.01 min.

Results: By LC-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry focusing on molecular fractions, the fingerprint area of the Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR, cm−1) and Hnuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra indicated that the phyto progesterone product isolated was identical to the certified reference material of pure progesterone, particularly the specific functional groups in the FT-IR spectrum at wavenumbers of 1317.43 cm−1 and 1386.86 cm−1 and in the proton HNMR spectrum at carbon 21 of progesterone (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Each 49.888 μg/mL of crude benalu duku leaf extract dissolved in the mobile phase contained 28.515±0.713 μg/mL phyto progesterone.
The Effect of High Temperature Roasted Coffea liberica on Physiological and Histological Structure of Mice’s Kidney
Authors: Widodo Ivolanesky Putri , Syamsurizal Syamsurizal , Utami Diah Tri
Published: March 2019

Numerous varieties of coffee, such as robusta, arabica, gayo and etcetera, was made in order to fulfill the needs of its lovers. In Tungkal, Jambi, Liberica coffee was recently discovered and the chemical reactions during roasting process produces several components, which are caffeine, chlorogenic acid, monosaccharides and others, to create a unique flavor as the identity. Unique flavor of Liberica coffee is obtained from the high temperature roasting process and the components in coffee. This research aims to determine the effect of Liberica coffee (Coffea liberica), concentration (0, 8.000, 10.000 and 12.000 ppm/day) on the physiological and histological structure of the mice’s kidney (Mus musculus L.) for 28 days. The results was showed that kidney histological observation of fatty degeneration, tubular swelling, and pyknotic nucleus associated with percentages of renal tubular damage in the control group, P1, P2 and P3 were 0.71±0.96, 4.91±0.17, 5.82±0.21 and 9.01±0.13 indicating low damage (<50%) and liberica coffee does not affect physiological function, such as creatinine level.Keywords : Liberica coffee, kidney, histological
Anti-metastatic Activity of Curcumin Analog Pentagamaboronon-0-Sorbitol Against HER2-overexpressed MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Qodria Lailatul , Hairunisa Indah , Utomo Rohmad Yudi , Hermawan Adam , Meiyanto Edy
Published: March 2019

Breast cancer with Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (HER)2 overexpression increases tumor progession and lead to metastasis, which is primarily cause of mortality in breast cancer. Pentagamaboronon-0 Sorbitol (PGB-0-So) is an aquoeous formulation of curcumin analog, PGB-0, with sorbitol. This compound has been developed as an anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agent and a boron carrying pharmaceutical for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The aims of this study are to investigate antimetastatic activities of PGB-0-So against HER2-overexpressed MCF-7 breast cancer (MCF-7/HER2) cells. The MTT cytotoxicity assay of PGB-0-So exhibited cytotoxic effect with an IC50 value of 35 μM. The testing of anti-migration activity using the scratch wound healing assay demonstrated that PGB-0-So inhibited the closure of the wound on MCF-7/HER2 cells compare to the control. Furthermore, PGB-0-So was able to suppress matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activities, based on the gelatin zymography assay. In conclusion, PGB-0-So has potency to be developed as an anti-cancer agent against metastatic breast cancer.Keywords : PGB-0-So, anti-metastatsis, cell migration, MMP-9, MCF-7/HER2
Redefining Dispersal Boundaries of Siganus fuscescens In The Coral Triangle Area
Authors: Pertiwi Ni Putu Dian , Hidayat Nur Ismu , Henderson Chloe , Putra I Nyoman Giri , Sembiring Andrianus
Published: March 2019

The increasing demand of fish in the Coral Triangle Area has led to overexploitation of some species of fishes. One of the commercial fishes, which is also known to be the source of food and income for local communities, is the Mottled Spinefoot (Siganus fuscescens). Population studies on this species are important in order to manage sustainable stock populations. Genetic variation of the mitochondrial DNA was analyzed to examine the population structure of Siganus fuscescens in Indonesia, as part of the Coral Triangle Area. In total, 789 basepairs of control region mtDNA sequences were determined from 133 specimens collected from six localities, including Seribu Islands (n=27), Karimunjawa (n=19), Komodo (n=39), Selayar (n=20), Lembeh (n=19) and Luwuk (n=9). From the data, 27 variable sites and 24 haplotypes were detected, with most of the haplotypes unique to each location. Haplotype data show that one haplotype was shared among all populations, three haplotypes were shared between two populations (Komodo & Selayar; Lembeh & Seribu; Komodo & Karimunjawa), and 20 were unique to a single population. Haplotype diversity (h=0.444) and nucleotide diversity (π=0.00165) were low. The diversity result, i.e. the ΦST value (0.0658, P < 0.0001) revealed genetic structure in S. fuscescens populations in Indonesia. A non-dispersal strategy led to restricted gene flow and genetic structuring in S. fuscescens. However, both the neutrality test and the mismatch distribution indicated that S. fuscescens might have been in populations at demographic equilibrium, with restriction to the population expansion. Although indicating unexpected minor population structure pattern, the overall result still suggest the management of this species population as a single unit across Indonesia.
Pengukuran Distribusi Beban Telapak Kaki Manusia Saat Berdiri Tegak Menggunakan Sensor FSR 402
Authors: Wibowo Dwi Basuki
Published: March 2019

Manusia saat berdiri tegak ke dua telapak kaki bagian tumit menanggung beban 60% dari berat tubuh. Saat berjalan dan tumit menghentak di landasan, beban satu kaki bisa mencapai 70% dari berat tubuh. Beban yang besar di area tumit ini bisa menimbulkan nyeri hebat pada penderita calcanea spur (tumbuhnya taji di tulang tumit). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan sensor FSR 402 buatan Interlink Electronics untuk mengukur distribusi beban di telapak kaki saat subyek berdiri tegak. Delapan sensor dipasang di sol sepatu dalam (shoe in-sole) disesuaikan dengan kecembungan kontur telapak kaki setiap subyek hasil pemindaian menggunakan 3D scanner. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan beban rata-rata di area tumit pada tinggi hak sepatu 0 cm sebesar 27% dari berat tubuh atau lebih rendah 2% dibanding hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Menaikkan tinggi hak sepatu terbukti dapat menurunkan beban di area tumit dan menggesernya ke bagian tengah dan depan telapak kaki, juga sesuai dengan yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti sebelumnya.
Analisis Performa Artificial Hip Joint untuk Posisi Rukuk dalam Gerakan Salat dengan Menggunakan Teknik FSI (Fluid-Structure Interaction)
Authors: Tauviqirrahman Mohammad , Ismail Rifky , Budiman Rifky Ardiansyah
Published: March 2019

Pengguna sendi tulang panggul buatan (artificial hip joint) disarankan oleh para dokter untuk membatasi gerakan ekstrim yang dapat merusak hip joint buatan. Gerakan tersebut misalnya jongkok, berlari, dan salat. Selama ini, penelitian tentang artificial hip joint cenderung tidak menyertakan keberadaan cairan pelumas sendi, yaitu synovial fluid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh synovial fluid pada hip joint terhadap karakteristik pelumasan, serta struktur dari artificial hip joint tersebut. Yang menjadi fokus dalam penelitian ini adalah gerakan salat berupa rukuk. Simulasi ini dilakukan pada model artificial hip joint jenis bipolar dengan menggunakan metode elemen hingga pada komponen solid dan fluid-structure interaction (FSI) pada komponen fluid untuk mendefinisikan pengaruh satu sama lain antara kedua komponen terhadap tekanan hidrodinamik, deformasi dan tegangan von Mises. Dari hasil simulasi didapatkan bahwa gerakan rukuk memiliki deformasi yang relatif cukup kecil jika dibandingkan dengan toleransi (clearance) yang ada, sehingga resiko impingement sangat kecil. Selain itu, dari hasil simulasi juga dibuktikan bahwa keberadaan synovial fluid memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap performa artificial hip joint, sehingga tidak bisa diabaikan.
Dampak Proses Sintering Material Keramik pada Sifat Mekanik dan Dimensi Suatu Produk
Authors: Sulistyo Sulistyo
Published: March 2019

Proses sintering adalah proses pemanasan suatu material yang ditujukan untuk meningkatkan kekuatannya. Proses sintering pada material keramik dapat dilakukan pada temperatur tertentu . Temperatur yang dipakai tergantung dari karakteristik material keramik itu sendiri. Di wilayah Indonesia memiliki potensi bahan keramik sehingga diperlukan pemahaman proses sintering yang memadai untuk memperoleh karakteristik produk yang diharapkan sesuai kebutuhan bidang rekayasa. Paper ini membahas tentang proses sintering pada material keramik tanah liat (clay) menjadi  produk kemudian dievaluasi perubahan dimensi dan kekuatan. Tanah liat dalam bentuk gumpalan besar (bongkahan) dikeringkan pada udara biasa dengan memanfaatkan panas  sinar matahari selama 3 hari. Bongkahan tanah liat yang sudah kering dinacurkan secara manual menjadi bubuk. Pengukuran serbuk dilakukan dengan metode ayakan (sieving) menggunakan mesh 100. Serbuk dibentuk dalam bentuk disk dan silinder berpori dengan metode kompaksi dilanjutkan proses sintering. Sintering dilakukan pada suhu 950 C dan 1250 C. Ukuran produk sintering  diukur menggunakan caliper. Kekuatan mekanik diukur dengan menggunakan three point bending. Proses sintering pada suhu 1250 C menghasilkan penyusutan yang paling besar dan kekuatan bending yang terbaik. Informasi ukuran sangat diperlukan dalam proses perakitan menjadi produk akhir
PERANCANGAN ALAT PENGGERAK ANTENA MENGGUNAKAN METODE KONTROL PROPORTIONAL, INTEGRAL, DERIVATIVE (PID) UNTUK MELACAK OBJEK BERGERAK
Authors: Saputra Bagus Bernadi , Wahyudi Wahyudi , Sudjadi Sudjadi
Published: March 2019

Base station atau Ground Control Station (GCS) umumnya menggunakan antena directional untuk dapat berkomunikasi dengan objek bergerak seperti roket dan Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Antena directional memiliki jarak jangkau yang jauh, namun memiliki sudut pancar yang sempit. Untuk mengatasi kekurangan dari antena directional, diperlukan alat yang dapat menggerakkan antena ke arah objek bergerak secara nyata pada kisaran sudut azimut dan elevasi. Pada penelitian ini, dirancang alat penggerak antena menggunakan metode kontrol Proportional, Integral, dan Derivative (PID) untuk melacak objek bergerak berbasis Global Positioning System (GPS) dan sensor barometer. Dari hasil perancangan dengan menggunakan nilai parameter PID yang digunakan pada sudut elevasi (Kp=0,03, Ti=150, dan Td=0,22) menghasilkan plant yang mampu mencapai setpoint (74o) dalam waktu 2 detik. Parameter PID yang digunakan pada sudut azimut (Kp=3,5, Ti=100, dan Td=0,09) menghasilkan plant yang mampu mencapai setpoint (180o) dalam waktu 1,1 detik. Dari hasil pengujian, diketahui antena dapat mengikuti objek bergerak (drone) dengan waktu terlama 1 detik pada plant azimut dan 1,5 detik pada plant elevasi. Plant elevasi memiliki Mean Absolute Error (MAE) = 6,54o dan plant azimut memiliki MAE = 8,04o.
Neural Processing of Communication Signals: The Extent of Sender–Receiver Matching Varies across Species ofApteronotus
Authors: Allen Kathryne M. , Marsat Gary
Published: March 2019

As communication signal properties change, through genetic drift or selective pressure, the sensory systems that receive these signals must also adapt to maintain sensitivity and adaptability in an array of contexts. Shedding light on this process helps us to understand how sensory codes are tailored to specific tasks. In a species of weakly electric fish,Apteronotus albifrons, we examined the unique neurophysiological properties that support the encoding of electrosensory communication signals that the animal encounters in social exchanges. We compare our findings to the known coding properties of the closely related speciesApteronotus leptorhynchusto establish how these animals differ in their ability to encode their distinctive communication signals. While there are many similarities between these two species, we found notable differences leading to relatively poor coding of the details of chirp structure occurring on high-frequency background beats. As a result, small differences in chirp properties are poorly resolved by the nervous system. We performed behavioral tests to relateA. albifronschirp coding strategies to its use of chirps during social encounters. Our results suggest thatA. albifronsdoes not exchange frequent chirps in a nonbreeding condition, particularly when the beat frequency is high. These findings parallel the mediocre chirp coding accuracy in that they both point to a reduced reliance on frequent and rich exchange of information through chirps during these social interactions. Therefore, our study suggests that neural coding strategies in the CNS vary across species in a way that parallels the behavioral use of the sensory signals.
Selective Restoration ofPomcExpression in Glutamatergic POMC Neurons: Evidence for a Dynamic Hypothalamic Neurotransmitter Network
Authors: Jones Graham L. , Wittmann Gábor , Yokosawa Eva B. , Yu Hui , Mercer Aaron J. , Lechan Ronald M. , Low Malcolm J.
Published: March 2019

Hypothalamic POMC deficiency leads to obesity and metabolic deficiencies, largely due to the loss of melanocortin peptides. However, POMC neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) are comprised of glutamatergic and GABAergic subpopulations. The developmental program, relative proportion and function of these two subpopulations are unresolved. To test whether glutamatergic POMC neurons serve a distinct role in maintaining energy homeostasis, we activatedPomcexpression Cre- dependently inVglut2-expressing neurons of mice with conditionally silencedPomcalleles. TheVglut2-Pomcrestored mice had normal ARCPomcmRNA levels, POMC immunoreactivity, as well as body weight and body composition at age 12 weeks. Unexpectedly, the cumulative total ofVglut2+glutamatergic- andGad67+GABAergic-Pomcneurons detected byin situhybridization (ISH) exceeded 100% in bothVglut2-Pomcrestored and control mice, indicating that a subpopulation ofPomcneurons must express both neuronal markers. Consistent with this hypothesis, triple ISH of C57BL/6J hypothalami revealed that 35% of ARCPomcneurons were selectivelyGad67+, 21% were selectivelyVglut2+, and 38% expressed bothGad67andVglut2. The singleGad67+andVglut2+Pomcneurons were most prevalent in the rostral ARC, while theVglut2/Gad67+dual-phenotype cells predominated in the caudal ARC. A lineage trace using Ai9-tdTomato reporter mice to label fluorescently allVglut2-expressing neurons showed equal numbers of tdTomato+and tdTomato-POMC immunoreactive neurons. Together, these data suggest that POMC neurons exhibit developmental plasticity in their expression of glutamatergic and GABAergic markers, enabling re-establishment of normal energy homeostasis in theVglut2-Pomcrestored mice.
Sign Tracking and Goal Tracking Are Characterized by Distinct Patterns of Nucleus Accumbens Activity
Authors: Gillis Zachary S. , Morrison Sara E.
Published: March 2019

During Pavlovian conditioning, if a cue (e.g., lever extension) predicts reward delivery in a different location (e.g., a food magazine), some individuals will come to approach and interact with the cue, a behavior known as sign tracking (ST), and others will approach the site of reward, a behavior known as goal tracking (GT). In rats, the acquisition of ST versus GT behavior is associated with distinct profiles of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), but it is unknown whether it is associated with different patterns of accumbens neural activity. Therefore, we recorded from individual neurons in the NAc core during the acquisition, maintenance, and extinction of ST and GT behavior. Even though NAc dopamine is specifically important for the acquisition and expression of ST, we found that cue-evoked excitatory responses encode the vigor of both ST and GT behavior. In contrast, among sign trackers only, there was a prominent decrease in reward-related activity over the course of training, which may reflect the decreasing reward prediction error encoded by phasic dopamine. Finally, both behavior and cue-evoked activity were relatively resistant to extinction in sign trackers, as compared with goal trackers, although a subset of neurons in both groups retained their cue-evoked responses. Overall, the results point to the convergence of multiple forms of reward learning in the NAc.
Animal Models of (or for) Aggression Reward, Addiction, and Relapse: Behavior and Circuits
Authors: Golden Sam A. , Jin Michelle , Shaham Yavin
Published: March 2019

Inappropriate and pathological aggression plays a leading role in the suffering and death of millions of people, and further places an untenable strain on the caregivers and families of those afflicted. In some cases, such as addictive drugs, aggression can be highly rewarding (appetitive) and continually pursued despite short- and long-term negative consequences. Similarly, recidivism (relapse) rates for repeat violent offenders are as high as relapse rates for drug addicts. Appetitive aggression and relapse to aggression seeking can be modeled in mice studies using conditioned place preference and self-administration procedures followed by a period of abstinence and subsequent tests for relapse to aggression preference and aggression seeking. These procedures allow for the study of the mechanisms that control the appetitive versus the consummatory (attack) phases of aggressive behavior. In this review, we first discuss the behavioral procedures developed to probe appetitive aggression in mouse models, spanning from Pavlovian to operant tasks, and we also describe the recently proposed phenomenon of “aggression addiction.” Next, we discuss the pharmacological and circuit mechanisms of aggression conditioned place preference and aggression self-administration, seeking, and relapse, highlighting mechanistic congruence and divergence between appetitive and consummatory phases of aggression. We conclude by discussing clinical implications of the studies reviewed.
Neuronal Adaptation Reveals a Suboptimal Decoding of Orientation Tuned Populations in the Mouse Visual Cortex
Authors: Jin Miaomiao , Beck Jeffrey M. , Glickfeld Lindsey L.
Published: March 2019

Sensory information is encoded by populations of cortical neurons. Yet, it is unknown how this information is used for even simple perceptual choices such as discriminating orientation. To determine the computation underlying this perceptual choice, we took advantage of the robust visual adaptation in mouse primary visual cortex (V1). We first designed a stimulus paradigm in which we could vary the degree of neuronal adaptation measured in V1 during an orientation discrimination task. We then determined how adaptation affects task performance for mice of both sexes and tested which neuronal computations are most consistent with the behavioral results given the adapted population responses in V1. Despite increasing the reliability of the population representation of orientation among neurons, and improving the ability of a variety of optimal decoders to discriminate target from distractor orientations, adaptation increases animals' behavioral thresholds. Decoding the animals' choice from neuronal activity revealed that this unexpected effect on behavior could be explained by an overreliance of the perceptual choice circuit on target preferring neurons and a failure to appropriately discount the activity of neurons that prefer the distractor. Consistent with this all-positive computation, we find that animals' task performance is susceptible to subtle perturbations of distractor orientation and optogenetic suppression of neuronal activity in V1. This suggests that to solve this task the circuit has adopted a suboptimal and task-specific computation that discards important task-related information.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA major goal in systems neuroscience is to understand how sensory signals are used to guide behavior. This requires determining what information in sensory cortical areas is used, and how it is combined, by downstream perceptual choice circuits. Here we demonstrate that when performing a go/no-go orientation discrimination task, mice suboptimally integrate signals from orientation tuned visual cortical neurons. While they appropriately positively weight target-preferring neurons, they fail to negatively weight distractor-preferring neurons. We propose that this all-positive computation may be adopted because of its simple learning rules and faster processing, and may be a common approach to perceptual decision-making when task conditions allow.
Counseling and Individual Factors on Postpartum Mother to Use Contraceptive Method
Authors: Mindarsih Theresia , Ludji Ina Debora Ratu , Pelokilla Marthen Robinson
Published: March 2019

During postpartum period, mother needs counseling on the usage of contraception tools. Contraception is needed before menstruation returns to prevent pregnancy. The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence postpartum counseling and mother’s individual factors on contraception usage in Kupang City. This was a quasi-experimental study. 64 respondents were selected through purposive sampling and divided into 2 groups, 32 people were given counseling and 32 were not. Data was collected using questionnaires. Data analysis was bivariate and multivariate. The result showed 22 respondents (68.75%) received counseling about postpartum contraception and 8 (25%) did not. The result of chi square test showed significant value of ρ = 0.000, indicating that postpartum maternal counseling influenced contraception usage. Therefore, postpartum maternal counseling affected contraception method usage by mothers in Kupang City.
Acceptance Measurement of Health Insurance Information System Based on Technology Acceptance Model
Authors: Nurhayati Siti , Hidayat Nurul
Published: March 2019

The objective of this research is to evaluate P-Care BPJS information system based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The type of research is analytical, cross sectional approach. Number of respondents 206 P-Care BPJS users at primary health care. Data analysis using linear regression. Based on correlation test external variables with percieved usefulness, showed high correlation = 0.6 (p <0.001); external variables with percieved ease of use showed moderate correlation = 0.4 (p <0.001); perceived ease of use with attitude showed moderate correlation = 0.5 (p <0.001); percieved usefulness with attitude showed high correlation = 0.7 (p <0.001); perceived usefulness with actual use showed moderate correlation = 0.5 (p <0.001); behavioral intention to use with percieved usefulness showed moderate correlation = 0.5 (p <0.001); attitude with behavioral intention to use showed high correlation = 0.6 (p <0.001); behavioral intention to use with actual use showed high correlation = 0.7 (p <0.001).
Occupational Irritan Contact Dermatitis Among Shipyard Workers in Samarinda, Indonesia
Authors: Ramdan Iwan Muhamad , Ilmiah Siti Hikmatul , Firdaus Ade Rahmat
Published: March 2019

Occupational irritant contact dermatitis (OICD) is still a occupational health problem. Shipyard workers are susceptible to OICD. A cross sectional study was conducted on 32 samples of shipyard workers in Samarinda to analyze the prevalence of OICD and related factors. The dependent variable is OICD, while independent variable consists of age, length of service, length of contact, history of skin diseases, personal hygene and personal protective equipment. Data collection through interview and direct observation, data analysis using Phi test and multiple logistic regression. All respondents had OICD and significantly correlated with working period (p = 0.001), history of skin disease (p = 0.004), personal hygene (p = 0.003) and use of PPE (p = 0.05). History of skin disease (B = 1.116) and use of PPE (B = 1.053) are most dominant variables. Personal hygiene improvements, tightening monitoring of use of PPE and improving occupational health efforts have been suggested.
Anthropometric Prediction Equations for Estimating Muscle Mass of Elderly Women
Authors: Handayani Maria Dara Novi , Sadewa Ahmad Hamim , Farmawati Arta , Rochmah Wasilah
Published: March 2019

Muscle Mass (MM) has an important role in health and physical performance. There are many MM prediction equations, but none is formulated in Indonesia. This study aimed to develop Anthropometric Equations (AE) prediction for MM. A cross sectional study was used to formulate AE prediction through multiple regression analysis.  The significance of observed differences between predicted and actual MM was tested by t test while level of agreement was assessed by Bland Altman plot. A significant correlation was found between MM and height, body mass index, calf/arm/waist circumferences, and waist hip ratio (p<0.05).  Regression anal¬ysis indicated that age, height, and Mid Arm Circumference (MAC) contributed significantly to MM. The resulting equation was MM (kg) = -10.22+(-.097x age)+(0.16xheight)+(0.30xMAC). There was no significant difference between actual and predicted MM results, and both had significant correlation. These results suggest that age, AP related to MM and AE provide valid prediction of MM for healthy elderly women in Jakarta.
Analysis of Malaria Control Situation in Magelang Regency and Obstacles to Maintain Malaria Elimination Status
Authors: Ahmad Nasir , Isworo Adi , Indriani Citra
Published: March 2019

Magelang Regency received malaria elimination certificate in April 2014, however, the epidemic signal was received back in April 2015. Malaria epidemic had occurred for two months and until the end of December, indigenous cases could still be found. The purpose of this study was to find out description of situation regarding malaria, malaria control, and obstacles to malaria control in Magelang Regency. Rapid assessment method was conducted by adopting the methodology in the protocol and methods for malaria situation analysis from WHO (2003) and by using desk review as the reference for the research process in malaria control method in a region with similar condition to Magelang regency. Data collection was performed through interview and observation. This study found that in April 2015, the number of indigenous cases was 2 which was increased to 37 cases in May and the peak prevalence was 56 cases in June. Previously, import cases were found in March. Up until December, malaria cases were dominated by indigenous cases (97%). Village regulation regarding malaria migration surveillance was still not available in most receptive villages. In area which had eliminate malaria, there should be regulation that govern malaria migration surveillance. Therefore, the Regent should advise the village chief through a circulatory letter to form a new regulation regarding malaria migration surveillance in order to reduce outbreak potential.
PSİKOLOJİK SÖZLEŞME İHLALİ, DUYGUSAL EMEK VE ÖRGÜTSEL SİNİZM ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: MARKET ÇALIŞANLARI ÜZERİNDE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: KOÇAK Daimi , KERSE Gökhan , BABADAĞ Mustafa
Published: March 2019

Günümüzde, özellikle müşterilerle doğrudan iletişimin gerekli olduğu sektörlerde faaliyet gösteren işletmeler, çalışanlardan işlerini yaparken müşterilerin beklentileri doğrultusunda davranış göstermelerini beklerler. Çalışanların kendilerinden beklenen davranışları sergilemelerinde birçok faktör etkili olabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı psikolojik sözleşme ihlali ile duygusal emek arasındaki ilişkide örgütsel sinizmin aracı etkisinin tespit edilmesidir. Bu amacın gerçekleştirilmesine yönelik olarak Erzincan ilindeki 200 süpermarket çalışanından 133’üne anket tekniği uygulanarak veri elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu veriler SPSS ve AMOS istatistik programları kullanılarak test edilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda psikolojik sözleşme ihlalinin duygusal emek üzerindeki etkisinde örgütsel sinizmin kısmi aracı etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Circulating aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) is independent of GH secretion
Authors: Stojanovic Marko , Wu Zida , Stiles Craig E , Miljic Dragana , Soldatovic Ivan , Pekic Sandra , Doknic Mirjana , Petakov Milan , Popovic Vera , Strasburger Christian , Korbonits Márta
Published: March 2019

Background

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) is evolutionarily conserved and expressed widely throughout the organism. Loss-of-function AIP mutations predispose to young-onset pituitary adenomas. AIP co-localizes with growth hormone in normal and tumorous somatotroph secretory vesicles. AIP protein is detectable in circulation. We aimed to investigate possible AIP and GH co-secretion, by studying serum AIP and GH levels at baseline and after GH stimulation or suppression, in GH deficiency (GHD) and in acromegaly patients.

Subjects and methods

Insulin tolerance test (ITT) was performed in GHD patients (n = 13) and age-BMI-matched normal GH axis control patients (n = 31). Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in active acromegaly patients (n = 26) and age-BMI-matched normal GH axis control patients (n = 18). In-house immunometric assay was developed for measuring circulating AIP.

Results

Serum AIP levels were in the 0.1 ng/mL range independently of gender, age or BMI. Baseline AIP did not differ between GHD and non-GHD or between acromegaly and patients with no acromegaly. There was no change in peak, trough or area under the curve during OGTT or ITT. Serum AIP did not correlate with GH during ITT or OGTT.

Conclusions

Human circulating serum AIP in vivo was assessed by a novel immunometric assay. AIP levels were independent of age, sex or BMI and unaffected by hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia. Despite co-localization in secretory vesicles, AIP and GH did not correlate at baseline or during GH stimulation or suppression tests. A platform of reliable serum AIP measurement is established for further research of its circulatory source, role and impact.
Oviedo Express, de Gonzalo Suárez: el género degenerado (una vez más).
Authors: Nogueira Otero Xosé
Published: March 2019

Además de constituir un filme muy representativo del trayecto cinematográfico de su director, Oviedo Express se configura como una obra plenamente inscrita dentro de una producción artística contemporánea marcada por las identidades en tránsito, el continuo estado de mutación y la intertextualidad, ofreciendo múltiples capas de sentido más allá de la obvia conexión entre teatro y cine que ofrece. Así, sus fotogramas pondrán en relación el cine clásico y postclásico de Hollywood con la literatura de Zweig y el vodevil, así como La Regenta de Clarín con el Hamlet shakesperiano o el teatro del absurdo. Suárez propondrá, entonces, una escritura fílmica atípica, inclasificable, liberada de límites y prejuicios, procurando evitar el melodrama. Una suerte de Regenta llevada, a través de su cine, a otro sitio, al actual siglo XXI, al tiempo que reflexiona sobre hasta qué punto la representación (en el mundo del espectáculo, pero también en el de la política e incluso en las relaciones personales) ha tomado el lugar de la realidad.
E(ra)n tiempos de desconcierto: Delacroix y su canto a la libertad
Authors: Núñez Rodríguez Manuel
Published: March 2019

Sabido es que el 27 de julio de 1830 los parisinos forman barricadas bajo una proclama popular que consiste en cambiar a un rey tirano (el Borbón Carlos X), por uno más liberal. Esto supone el éxito de la revuelta, de manera que el 2 de agosto del mismo año alcanzará el poder Felipe de Orleáns bajo la condición de rey del pueblo. Aunque se abordará esta cuestión en líneas sucesivas, de momento interesa conferir un puesto de privilegio al documento que da vida a lo que fue un estado de excitación febril, pero que –como diría Eugène Delacroix- en síntesis no es más que la historia de una idea. De manera que se trata de acceder al análisis del contenido que esta obra ofrece y hasta qué punto estamos en condiciones de evaluar el significado de la expresión icónica; es decir, de acceder críticamente al contenido del mensaje de este cuadro (La libertad conduciendo al pueblo, 1830-1831), asociada a los ideales de la revolución de 1789, a la que tuvo que rendir homenaje el nuevo “rey ciudadano” Luis-Felipe de Orleáns cuando resucitó en 1831 el uso de la bandera tricolor como símbolo de Francia.
Sobre el territorio: prácticas artísticas socialmente comprometidas
Authors: Sobrino Manzanares María Luisa
Published: March 2019

Frente a las consideraciones tradicionales, el nuevo género de arte público supone una alteración de los planteamientos formales anteriores y de las respectivas referencias al lugar. Implicado en indagar y participar en motivaciones y situaciones sociales, se sitúa más allá de cualquier aspecto de lo que tradicionalmente se entendía como arte y, especialmente, de toda noción convencional referente a la idea de escultura pública. Nuevas propuestas que cambian de modo radical la idea de arte en el espacio urbano porque ya no pretenden ser referencia física, señalamiento o diálogo con el medio, sino un elemento de  confrontación ciudadana, integrante y compartido por la comunidad en la que se asienta. Desde esta perspectiva, mi propuesta se centra, especialmente, en la obra de Carme Nogueira, una de las artistas más representativas dentro de la tendencia de un cuestionamiento crítico sobre el espacio público.
Comparative Evaluation of Modern Inhalation Anesthetics in Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Aliev V. A. , Yavorovskii A. G. , Shaposhnikov A. A. , Loriya I. Zh. , Vetsheva M. S.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the study was to compare the possibility of rapid activation of elderly patients after carotid endarterectomy performed under sevoflurane- or desflurane-based anesthesia. Materials and methods. 67 patients aged 75 to 89 years divided into two groups were examined. To maintain anesthesia, desflurane was used in the 1st group and sevoflurane was employed in the 2nd group. Results. Patients from the group receiving desflurane, experienced decreased ability to take a sip of water and to hold oneself in a sitting position, and were characterized by decreased time before the tracheal extubation. Conclusion. Desflurane-based anesthesia provided faster awakening and activation of elderly patients after carotid endarterectomy than the anesthesia with sevoflurane, which allowed to implement the fast-track recovery protocol. In addition, the desflurane-based anesthesia provided excellent manageability and less negative impact on the hemodynamics (within the drug concentration range of up to 1.3 MAC).
Measurement of the Core Human Body Temperature by Means of Passive Acoustic Thermometry
Authors: Anosov A. A. , Balashov I. S. , Erofeev A. V. , Zhdankina Yu. S. , Sharakshane A. A. , Mansfel’d A. D.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the study. To determine whether it is possible to use passive acoustic thermometry to measure the core temperature of human body regions. Materials and methods. Thermal acoustic radiation was measured by a multichannel acoustic thermograph with a threshold sensitivity of 0.3°С at an integration time of 10 s. A portable computer infrared thermograph with a sensitivity of 0.1°С was used to measure the superficial temperature. Results. Measurements of thermal acoustic radiation of the right hypochondrium of the study subject were carried out to obtain an integral temperature of the liver after intake of sugar. At the same time, blood glucose concentrations were measured. The glucose level increased from 4 to 8 mmol/l within an hour and a half; then it began to decline. The acoustic radiation temperature increased by 2°С with a half an hour delay after the increase in the glucose level. Model calculation showed that the liver temperature increased from 37 to 38°С. Conclusion. It was shown that passive acoustic thermometry can be used to measure the core temperature of different regions of the human body. The proposed method may be useful in the emergency medicine.
Prognostic Value and Therapeutic Potential of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in Brain Injuries (Review)
Authors: Ostrova I. V. , Golubeva N. V. , Kuzovlev A. N. , Golubev A. M.
Published: March 2019

Neurotrophins are proteins that play an important role in the nervous system functioning by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, processes of neuronal survival and death, and by participating in the mechanisms of neuronal plasticity. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the most well-described representatives of the neurotrophin family, which has received close attention over recent years. It is considered one of the key mediators of neuronal survival and recovery, and a drop of the BDNF level is considered a common mechanism underlying the development of various neurodegenerative diseases. The review discusses changes in BDNF levels in ischemic and traumatic brain damage, the prospects of its use in the clinical practice as a marker of brain dysfunction, as well as the possibility of its use for the treatment of post-ischemic encephalopathies.