bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Network meta-analysis for an ordinal outcome when outcome categorization varies across trials
Authors: Morris Paul , Wang Chong , O’Connor Annette
Published: May 2024

Background

Binary outcomes are likely the most common in randomized controlled trials, but ordinal outcomes can also be of interest. For example, rather than simply collecting data on diseased versus healthy study subjects, investigators may collect information on the severity of disease, with no disease, mild, moderate, and severe disease as possible levels of the outcome. While some investigators may be interested in all levels of the ordinal variable, others may combine levels that are not of particular interest. Therefore, when research synthesizers subsequently conduct a network meta-analysis on a network of trials for which an ordinal outcome was measured, they may encounter a network in which outcome categorization varies across trials.

Methods

The standard method for network meta-analysis for an ordinal outcome based on a multinomial generalized linear model is not designed to accommodate the multiple outcome categorizations that might occur across trials. In this paper, we propose a network meta-analysis model for an ordinal outcome that allows for multiple categorizations. The proposed model incorporates the partial information provided by trials that combine levels through modification of the multinomial likelihoods of the affected arms, allowing for all available data to be considered in estimation of the comparative effect parameters. A Bayesian fixed effect model is used throughout, where the ordinality of the outcome is accounted for through the use of the adjacent-categories logit link.

Results

We illustrate the method by analyzing a real network of trials on the use of antibiotics aimed at preventing liver abscesses in beef cattle and explore properties of the estimates of the comparative effect parameters through simulation. We find that even with the categorization of the levels varying across trials, the magnitudes of the biases are relatively small and that under a large sample size, the root mean square errors become small as well.

Conclusions

Our proposed method to conduct a network meta-analysis for an ordinal outcome when the categorization of the outcome varies across trials, which utilizes the adjacent-categories logit link, performs well in estimation. Because the method considers all available data in a single estimation, it will be particularly useful to research synthesizers when the network of interest has only a limited number of trials for each categorization of the outcome.
Personal growth initiative across the life span: a systematic review protocol of quantitative studies using the Personal Growth Initiative Scale-II
Authors: Verdoodt Katleen , Simons Marianne , de Hoog Natascha , Reijnders Jennifer , Jacobs Nele
Published: May 2024

Background

Personal Growth Initiative (PGI) a multi-dimensional construct, conceptualised as a skill set that helps individuals to intentionally grow is considered an important construct throughout the life span. Coping with the challenges, transitions, experiences and stressors of life requires an active growth orientation. In previous empirical research, the construct has been measured by either the PGIS-I or PGIS-II, of which only the latter takes account of the theoretically established multi-dimensionality of the construct. This paper describes the protocol for conducting a systematic review of published peer-reviewed empirical research articles on the multi-dimensional construct of PGI. The aim of this review is threefold: (1) to better understand the multi-dimensional construct PGI in different contexts and populations, (2) to improve our understanding of the reliability and validity of the PGIS-II in various research populations and (3) to obtain an overview of its associations with relevant psychosocial factors.

Methods

For the development of this protocol, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) reporting guidelines were used. Four databases and one registry will be searched using a predetermined search strategy for relevant studies. Studies will be screened, by two reviewers independently, against the established inclusion criteria. During the data extraction process, the quality of the included studies will be assessed using the Quality Assessment for Survey Studies in Psychology (Q-SSP). The collected data will then be analysed and reported in both narrative and tabular form according to the PRISMA 2020 statement guidelines and flow diagram.

Discussion

The findings of this study will increase our understanding of the dynamics of PGI throughout the lifespan, its associations with other psychosocial factors and the psychometric properties of the PGIS-II. It will also clarify where additional research is needed. The objectives of the proposed review can provide a basis for the development of practical applications and interventions.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42022377342.
Students health physique information sharing in publicly collaborative services over edge-cloud networks
Authors: Liu Ping , Shi Dai , Zang Bin , Liu Xiang
Published: May 2024

Data privacy is playing a vital role while facing the digital life aspects. Today, the world is being extensively inter-connected through the internet of things (IoT) technologies. This huge interconnectivity is bringing very wonderful capabilities for improving the quality of life (QoL) with itself, for instance, in distributed healthcare. On the other hand, there are new challenges in the interconnectivity per use. One of the most challenging issues of IoT use in social systems and digital life is secure, trustable, and reliable interactions over IoT networks such that safety, security, and privacy in both aspects of cyber and physical worlds for humankind should be planned and controlled.

Due to the less physical activity of most people in the current world, fitness and aerobic sports are now an important need at any age to help them keep healthy in their cyber-physical life, specifically, for the younger student that are still in the growth ages. However, these sport activities need to be monitored seriously and closely to not put their life in danger. Herewith, healthcare services through IoT is becoming more applicable. Therefore, health information privacy for athletes is now a hot topic of investigation as we present the topic here. We propose an IoT-based physique healthcare system considering private information sharing for athletes based on data hiding at the edge of a collaborative system. The proposed system pays attention to the key factors of healthcare IoT infrastructure but it is bringing its new suggestions for more safety. Moreover, many evaluations based on different kinds of healthcare data are provided.
The effect of web-based education on self-care behaviors in cardiovascular patients: application of the pender’s health promotion model
Authors: Javadzade Homamodin , Vahedparast Hakime , Khodaminasab Azime , Tahmasebi Rahim , Reisi Mahnoush , Kiani Jamile
Published: May 2024

Background

Coronary artery disease is the most common cardiovascular disease, the mortality rate of which is increasing significantly. The most important way to prevent a second attack in patients undergoing angioplasty is self-care, which can be influenced by several factors such as the patient’s beliefs. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the effect of a web-based intervention based on the Pender’s health promotion model in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Methods

The present clinical trial study was conducted with 99 patients undergoing angioplasty treatment referring to Bushehr Heart Specialist Center. Random sampling was done and the participants were divided into two groups (50 subjects in intervention group and 49 subjects in control group). The data collection tool was a three-part questionnaire (including demographic information, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the health promotion model constructs, and self-care behaviors), which was completed in three stages (before, two weeks, and three months after the intervention). In addition to routine hospital services, the intervention group received multimedia training based on the constructs of the Pender’s health promotion model from the website. The control group received usual hospital services. Data were analyzed with chi-square, independent T-test and repeated measure ANOVA using SPSS-22 software.

Results

The results showed that 2 weeks and 3 months after the intervention, the mean scores of perceived benefits, perceived self-efficacy and perceived social support had a significant increase in the intervention group compared to the control group, but the mean score of perceived barriers had a significant decrease in the intervention group (p < 0.001). Regarding self-care behaviors, after the intervention, the mean scores of self-care behaviors, physical activity, healthy diet, medication adherence and stress management had a significant increase in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.001), but no significant was observed between the two groups in terms of changes in the non-smoking (p = 0.38).

Conclusion

The results of the study showed that the web-based educational intervention based on the health promotion model is useful in improving the self-care behaviors of cardiac patients undergoing angioplasty. Nursing education and care have a great role in improving the self-care behaviors of cardiovascular patients.

Trial registration

Registration number: IRCT2017080635429N2. Registration date: 09/03/2017 (https://en.irct.ir/trial/26775).
NK cell transfer overcomes resistance to PD-(L)1 therapy in aged mice
Authors: Hou Junlei , Xie Shuanglong , Gao Jianbao , Jiang Tao , Zhu Enjian , Yang Xuezhi , Jin Zheng , Long Haixia , Zhang Anmei , Yang Fei , Wang Lujing , Zha Haoran , Jia Qingzhu , Zhu Bo , Wang Xinxin
Published: May 2024

Background

Cancer is the leading cause of death among older adults. Although the integration of immunotherapy has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of cancer, the complex interactions between age and immunotherapy efficacy remain incompletely defined. Here, we aimed to elucidate the relationship between aging and immunotherapy resistance.

Methods

Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In vivo T cell proliferation, cytotoxicity and migration assays were performed to evaluate the antitumor capacity of tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in mice. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to investigate the expression of IFN-γ-associated gene and natural killer (NK)-associated chemokine. Adoptive NK cell transfer was adopted to evaluate the effects of NK cells from young mice in overcoming the immunotherapy resistance of aged mice.

Results

We found that elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) aged ≥ 75 years exhibited poorer progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and a lower clinical response rate after immunotherapy. Mechanistically, we showed that the infiltration of NK cells was significantly reduced in aged mice compared to younger mice. Furthermore, the aged NK cells could also suppress the activation of tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells by inhibiting the recruitment and activation of CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs). Adoptive transfer of NK cells from young mice to aged mice promoted TME remodeling, and reversed immunotherapy resistance.

Conclusion

Our findings revealed the decreased sensitivity of elderly patients to immunotherapy, as well as in aged mice. This may be attributed to the reduction of NK cells in aged mice, which inhibits CD103+ DCs recruitment and its CD86 expression and ultimately leads to immunotherapy resistance.
Effects of tag mass on the physiology and behaviour of common noctule bats
Authors: Kelling Marit , Currie Shannon E. , Troxell Sara A. , Reusch Christine , Roeleke Manuel , Hoffmeister Uwe , Teige Tobias , Voigt Christian C.
Published: May 2024

Background

External tags, such as transmitters and loggers, are often used to study bat movements. However, physiological and behavioural effects on bats carrying tags have rarely been investigated, and recommendations on the maximum acceptable tag mass are rather based on rules of thumb than on rigorous scientific assessment.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive three-step assessment of the potential physiological and behavioural effects of tagging bats, using common noctules Nyctalus noctula as a model. First, we examined seasonal changes in body mass. Second, we predicted and then measured potential changes in flight metabolic rate in a wind tunnel. Third, we conducted a meta-analysis of published data to assess effects of different tag masses on the weight and behaviour of bats.

Results

Individual body mass of common noctules varied seasonally by 7.0 ± 2.6 g (range: 0.5–11.5 g). Aerodynamic theory predicted a 26% increase in flight metabolic rate for a common noctule equipped with a 3.8 g tag, equating to 14% of body mass. In a wind tunnel experiment, we could not confirm the predicted increase for tagged bats. Our meta-analysis revealed a weak correlation between tag mass and emergence time and flight duration in wild bats. Interestingly, relative tag mass (3–19% of bat body mass) was not related to body mass loss, but bats lost more body mass the longer tags were attached. Notably, relatively heavy bats lost more mass than conspecifics with a more average body mass index.

Conclusion

Because heavy tags (> 3 g) were generally used for shorter periods of time than lighter tags (~ 1 g), the long-term effects of heavy tags on bats cannot be assessed at this time. Furthermore, the effects of disturbance and resource distribution in the landscape cannot be separated from those of tagging. We recommend that tags weighing 5–10% of a bat’s mass should only be applied for a few days. For longer studies, tags weighing less than 5% of a bat's body mass should be used. To avoid adverse effects on bats, researchers should target individuals with average, rather than peak, body mass indices.
Impact of deep learning image reconstruction on volumetric accuracy and image quality of pulmonary nodules with different morphologies in low-dose CT
Authors: D’hondt L. , Franck C. , Kellens P-J. , Zanca F. , Buytaert D. , Van Hoyweghen A. , Addouli H. El , Carpentier K. , Niekel M. , Spinhoven M. , Bacher K. , Snoeckx A.
Published: May 2024

Background

This study systematically compares the impact of innovative deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR, TrueFidelity) to conventionally used iterative reconstruction (IR) on nodule volumetry and subjective image quality (IQ) at highly reduced radiation doses. This is essential in the context of low-dose CT lung cancer screening where accurate volumetry and characterization of pulmonary nodules in repeated CT scanning are indispensable.

Materials and methods

A standardized CT dataset was established using an anthropomorphic chest phantom (Lungman, Kyoto Kaguku Inc., Kyoto, Japan) containing a set of 3D-printed lung nodules including six diameters (4 to 9 mm) and three morphology classes (lobular, spiculated, smooth), with an established ground truth. Images were acquired at varying radiation doses (6.04, 3.03, 1.54, 0.77, 0.41 and 0.20 mGy) and reconstructed with combinations of reconstruction kernels (soft and hard kernel) and reconstruction algorithms (ASIR-V and DLIR at low, medium and high strength). Semi-automatic volumetry measurements and subjective image quality scores recorded by five radiologists were analyzed with multiple linear regression and mixed-effect ordinal logistic regression models.

Results

Volumetric errors of nodules imaged with DLIR are up to 50% lower compared to ASIR-V, especially at radiation doses below 1 mGy and when reconstructed with a hard kernel. Also, across all nodule diameters and morphologies, volumetric errors are commonly lower with DLIR. Furthermore, DLIR renders higher subjective IQ, especially at the sub-mGy doses. Radiologists were up to nine times more likely to score the highest IQ-score to these images compared to those reconstructed with ASIR-V. Lung nodules with irregular margins and small diameters also had an increased likelihood (up to five times more likely) to be ascribed the best IQ scores when reconstructed with DLIR.

Conclusion

We observed that DLIR performs as good as or even outperforms conventionally used reconstruction algorithms in terms of volumetric accuracy and subjective IQ of nodules in an anthropomorphic chest phantom. As such, DLIR potentially allows to lower the radiation dose to participants of lung cancer screening without compromising accurate measurement and characterization of lung nodules.
Quantitative SPECT/CT imaging of actinium-225 for targeted alpha therapy of glioblastomas
Authors: Tulik Monika , Kuliński Radosław , Tabor Zbisław , Brzozowska Beata , Łaba Piotr , Bruchertseifer Frank , Morgenstern Alfred , Królicki Leszek , Kunikowska Jolanta
Published: May 2024

Background

A new, alternative option for patients with recurrent glioblastoma is targeted alpha therapy (TAT), in the form of a local administration of substance P (neurokinin type 1 receptor ligand, NK-1) labelled with 225Ac. The purpose of the study was to confirm the feasibility of quantitative SPECT imaging of 225Ac, in a model reproducing specific conditions of TAT. In particular, to present the SPECT calibration methodology used, as well as the results of validation measurements and their accuracy. Additionally, to discuss the specific problems related to high noise in the presented case.

Materials and methods

All SPECT/CT scans were conducted using the Symbia T6 equipped with HE collimators, and acquired with multiple energy windows (three main windows: 440 keV, 218 keV, and 78 keV, with three lower scatter energy windows). A Jaszczak phantom with fillable cylindrical sources of various sizes was used to investigate quantitative SPECT/CT imaging characteristics. The planar sensitivity of the camera, an imaging calibration factor, and recovery coefficients were determined. Additionally, the 3D printed model of the glioblastoma tumour was developed and imaged to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed protocol.

Results

Using the imaging calibration factor and recovery coefficients obtained with the Jaszczak phantom, we were able to quantify the activity in a 3D-printed model of a glioblastoma tumour with uncertainty of no more than 10% and satisfying accuracy.

Conclusions

It is feasible to perform quantitative 225Ac SPECT/CT imaging. However, there are still many more challenges that should be considered for further research on this topic (among others: accurate determination of ICF in the case of high background noise, better method of background estimation for recovery coefficient calculations, other methods for scatter correction than the dual-energy window scatter-compensation method used in this study).
Successful laparoscopic resection for giant mature cystic teratoma of the pancreas: a case report and surgical refinements
Authors: Kori Mayuko , Tsunematsu Masashi , Yao Ran , Hamura Ryoga , Yoda Atsushi , Endo Hidetoshi , Horiuchi Takashi , Abe Kyohei , Hisa Takeshi , Onda Shinji
Published: May 2024

Background

Mature cystic teratomas or dermoid cysts of the pancreas complicate surgical approaches because of their anatomical position and ever-growing size. Herein, we report a case of a giant mature cystic teratoma of the pancreas that was successfully resected via complete laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP).

Case presentation

A 39-year-old female patient was referred to our hospital for the evaluation of a pancreatic tumor. Three years of follow-up revealed that the tumor had increased in size to 18 cm, with hyperintense solid components on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Considering the possibility of malignancy, we decided to perform an LDP. The capsule appeared solid enough to withstand the retraction of the endoscopic forceps. Tumor size made it difficult to dissect the dorsal side of the tumor from the caudal to the cranial side. Early transection of the pancreas and additional ports facilitated dissection of the dorsal side of the tumor. We completed the LDP without intraoperative cyst rupture. On pathological examination, the tumor was diagnosed as a mature cystic teratoma originating from the pancreatic tail. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 13 with no complications.

Conclusion

LDP may be an option for surgical procedures in patients with large cystic lesions of the pancreatic body or tail. Intraoperative observation of the tumor and surgical refinement are necessary to complete the laparoscopic procedure without tumor rupture.
Association between mukbang and cookbang viewing and body image perception and BMI in adolescents
Authors: Jeong Hyesun , Lee Eunyoung , Han Gyumin
Published: May 2024

Background

Adolescence is a critical period for establishing healthy eating habits and weight management, essential for preventing obesity and promoting overall health. This study investigates the impact of mukbang and cookbang—popular online broadcasts in Korea that feature excessive consumption of food—on the dietary habits and body image perception of Korean adolescents. With digital media, especially platforms like YouTube, becoming an integral part of daily life, these broadcasts have the potential to significantly influence adolescent health behaviors.

Methods

Employing data from the 18th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2022), this descriptive survey research explores the relationship between watching mukbang and cookbang and various health-related factors among adolescents. The survey’s comprehensive dataset provided a unique opportunity to examine this association in a population that is increasingly exposed to digital media content. The analysis focused on the frequency of watching mukbang and cookbang, their impact on eating habits, body mass index (BMI), body shape perception, and body image distortion among adolescents.

Results

The results revealed a significant engagement with mukbang and cookbang among adolescents, with notable gender differences in viewing habits and effects. Increased frequency of viewing was associated with negative impacts on eating habits and body image perception. Furthermore, psychological factors such as stress levels and sleep quality emerged as significant predictors of the frequency of watching these broadcasts.

Conclusions

This study highlights the need for further investigation into the causal relationships between mukbang and cookbang viewership and adolescent health outcomes. The findings suggest the importance of developing targeted interventions to mitigate the negative influences of such content on adolescents’ eating habits and body perceptions. Given the widespread popularity of these broadcasts, it is crucial to address their potential health implications through public health strategies, educational content, and policy development aimed at promoting healthier lifestyles among adolescents.
Characterization of seismic-scale petrofacies variability in the Arbuckle Group using supervised machine learning: Wellington Field, Kansas
Authors: Caf A. B. , Lubo-Robles D. , Marfurt K. J. , Bedle H. , Pranter M. J.
Published: May 2024

The Arbuckle Group in southern Kansas has been investigated for carbon geosequestration-related studies. In this study, we evaluated the seismic-scale petrophysically defined facies variability of the Arbuckle Group at the Wellington Field, Kansas, using quantitative seismic interpretation and a supervised Random Forest classification approach. We first defined three petrophysics-based rock types (petrofacies) from core-derived porosity and permeability measurements using the flow-zone indicator approach. Then, using the artificial neural network, we classified these petrofacies in noncored intervals. We observed that petrofacies 1 corresponds to medium and coarse-grained dolomitic packstone, wackestone, and dolomitic breccia with up to 8% porosity and D-scale permeability values. Whereas petrofacies 2 and 3 correspond to argillaceous and fine-grained micritic dolomites and dolomitic mudstones with lower permeability values for a given porosity, with respect to petrofacies 1. Using the common reflection-point gathers, we performed prestack seismic inversion and calculated various amplitude-variation-with-offset (AVO) attribute volumes. We used these elastic properties and AVO attribute volumes as input for estimating supervised seismic-scale 3D petrofacies and petrofacies probability volumes using the Random Forest algorithm. Results reveal the complex distribution of the petrofacies in the candidate injection and baffle zones in the study area, where petrofacies 1 is mainly prevalent within the lower and upper portions of the Arbuckle group, whereas petrofacies 2 and 3 are mainly present in the middle Arbuckle interval. The workflow we present through this study provides the spatial variability of facies distribution that is reflective of the actual lithology and petrophysical properties of the Arbuckle group in the study area with limited well control.
State of the Art in Low-Grade Glioma Management: Insights From Isocitrate Dehydrogenase and Beyond
Authors: Schaff Lauren R. , Ioannou Maria , Geurts Marjolein , van den Bent Martin J. , Mellinghoff Ingo K. , Schreck Karisa C.
Published: May 2024

Low-grade gliomas present a formidable challenge in neuro-oncology because of the challenges imposed by the blood-brain barrier, predilection for the young adult population, and propensity for recurrence. In the past two decades, the systematic examination of genomic alterations in adults and children with primary brain tumors has uncovered profound new insights into the pathogenesis of these tumors, resulting in more accurate tumor classification and prognostication. It also identified several common recurrent genomic alterations that now define specific brain tumor subtypes and have provided a new opportunity for molecularly targeted therapeutic intervention. Adult-type diffuse low-grade gliomas are frequently associated with mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 ( IDH1/ 2), resulting in production of 2-hydroxyglutarate, an oncometabolite important for tumorigenesis. Recent studies of IDH inhibitors have yielded promising results in patients at early stages of disease with prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and delayed time to radiation and chemotherapy. Pediatric-type gliomas have high rates of alterations in BRAF, including BRAF V600E point mutations or BRAF-KIAA1549 rearrangements. BRAF inhibitors, often combined with MEK inhibitors, have resulted in radiographic response and improved PFS in these patients. This article reviews emerging approaches to the treatment of low-grade gliomas, including a discussion of targeted therapies and how they integrate with the current treatment modalities of surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation.
Opioid Therapy for Cancer Pain in Vietnam: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceived Barriers Among Health Care Professionals, Policymakers, and Regulators
Authors: Nguyen Trang , Dam Anh , Nguyen Duong , Tran Phuong , Truong Nguyen L.T. , Nguyen Hao , Le Duong , Bui Linh , Than The , Dang Trang , Phelan Caroline , Krakauer Eric L. , Pham Tung
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE

We aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers among health care professionals (HCPs), policymakers, and regulators in Vietnam related to opioid therapy for cancer pain.

METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional study in Vietnam from June to August 2022. Participants completed a questionnaire on their demographic characteristics, knowledge and attitudes toward opioid therapy, and barriers to accessing opioids for cancer pain.

RESULTS

Two hundred seven HCPs and 15 policymakers/regulators completed the questionnaire. Poor knowledge about opioids in cancer pain was found in 63.3% of HCPs and 80.0% of policymakers/regulators. Poor knowledge was associated with a lack of training in cancer pain management or palliative care (PC; prevalence ratio [PR], 1.14 [95% CI, 1.04 to 1.24]). Negative attitudes toward opioid therapy in cancer pain were held by 64.7% of HCPs and 80.0% of policymakers/regulators. Negative attitudes were associated with the unavailability of oral morphine in the workplace (PR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.20]). The most common major barriers reported were the absence of national policy on pain management and PC (34.7%), inadequate training in opioid use for cancer pain (33.8%), lockdown of health facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic (32.4%), limited opioid availability in local health facilities (32.4%), and excessively restrictive regulation of opioid dispensing in pharmacies (32.4%).

CONCLUSION

This study found a knowledge deficit and negative attitudes toward opioid therapy for cancer pain among HCPs and policymakers/regulators. Improving education and training in opioid therapy is essential. Recognizing major barriers can guide strategies to enhance safe opioid accessibility for cancer pain management in Vietnam.
Building the Evidence for Systemic Treatment in Desmoid Fibromatosis: Is a New Metronomic Regimen Another Layer in the Foundation?
Authors: Alcindor Thierry
Published: May 2024

@Thalcin explains how a metronomic regimen for desmoid tumors fits in the current treatment landscape.
Multi-Institutional Study Evaluating the Role of Circulating Tumor DNA in the Management of Appendiceal Cancers
Authors: Belmont Erika , Bansal Varun V. , Yousef Mahmoud M.G. , Zeineddine Mohammad A. , Su David , Dhiman Ankit , Liao Chih-Yi , Polite Blasé , Eng Oliver S. , Fournier Keith F. , White Michael G. , Turaga Kiran K. , Shen John Paul , Shergill Ardaman
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE

Conventional surveillance methods are poorly sensitive for monitoring appendiceal cancers (AC). This study investigated the utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in evaluating systemic therapy response and recurrence after surgery for AC.

METHODS

Patients from two specialized centers who underwent tumor-informed ctDNA testing (Signatera) were evaluated to determine the association between systemic therapy and ctDNA detection. In addition, the accuracy of ctDNA detection during surveillance for the diagnosis of recurrence after complete cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for grade 2-3 ACs with peritoneal metastases (PM) was investigated.

RESULTS

In this cohort of 94 patients with AC, most had grade 2-3 tumors (84.0%) and PM (84.0%). Fifty patients completed the assay in the presence of identifiable disease, among which ctDNA was detected in 4 of 7 (57.1%), 10 of 16 (62.5%), and 19 of 27 (70.4%) patients with grade 1, 2, and 3 diseases, respectively. Patients who had recently received systemic chemotherapy had ctDNA detected less frequently (7 of 16 [43.8%] v 26 of 34 [76.5%]; odds ratio, 0.22 [95% CI, 0.06 to 0.82]; P = .02). Among 36 patients with complete CRS for grade 2-3 AC-PM, 16 (44.4%) developed recurrence (median follow-up, 19.6 months). ctDNA detection was associated with shorter recurrence-free survival (median 11.3 months v not reached; hazard ratio, 14.1 [95% CI, 1.7 to 113.8]; P = .01) and showed high accuracy for the detection of recurrence (sensitivity 93.8%, specificity 85.0%). ctDNA was more sensitive than carcinoembryonic antigen (62.5%), CA19-9 (25.0%), and CA125 (18.8%) and was the only elevated biomarker in four (25%) patients with recurrence.

CONCLUSION

This study revealed a reduced ctDNA detection frequency after systemic therapy and accurate recurrence assessment after CRS. These findings underscore the role of ctDNA as a predictive and prognostic biomarker for grade 2-3 AC-PM management.
Ο ψηφιακός συμμετοχικός προϋπολογισμός
Authors: Αργυρίου Γεωργία
Published: May 2024

Η διδακτορική διατριβή έχει ως αντικείμενο τη μελέτη και διερεύνηση της διαδικασίας του Ψηφιακού Συμμετοχικού Προϋπολογισμού (Participatory Budgeting/ PB) στους δήμους της Αθήνας, του Παρισιού και της Βαρκελώνης. Ο Συμμετοχικός Προϋπολογισμός (ΣΠ) αναπτύχθηκε για πρώτη φορά στο Πόρτο Αλέγκρε της Βραζιλίας το 1989. Η διερεύνηση και η συγκριτική μελέτη των μοντέλων του ΣΠ, έχει ως στόχο την αποτύπωση, την καταγραφή και τη σύγκριση των διαφορετικών μοντέλων και εργαλείων, ώστε να οδηγηθούμε στην υιοθέτηση αποτελεσματικότερων μοντέλων συμμετοχικής διακυβέρνησης που συμβάλλουν στη Βιώσιμη Ανάπτυξη. Ο ΣΠ αποτελεί ένα σημαντικό εργαλείο, για την εμπλοκή των πολιτών, σε ζητήματα που αφορούν τις ανάγκες τους σε επίπεδο γειτονιάς, δήμου, περιφέρειας. Βάσει της βιβλιογραφίας σε κάθε μοντέλο εφαρμογής του ΣΠ εντοπίζονται διαφορετικά χαρακτηριστικά στη δομή και την αρχιτεκτονική του. Η πλειοψηφία των διαδικασιών ΣΠ προσανατολίζεται στον αστικό σχεδιασμό, σε έργα ανάπλασης, βελτίωσης της ποιότητας ζωής, ωστόσο στο δήμο του Παρισιού και της Βαρκελώνης εντοπίζονται αξιοσημείωτα παραδείγματα και σε θέματα περιβάλλοντος, υγείας, παιδείας και κοινωνικής πολιτικής. Η διαδικασία του ΣΠ ενδεχομένως να διαδραματίσει ένα ουσιαστικό και σημαντικό ρόλο στις σύγχρονες προκλήσεις που αντιμετωπίζουν οι σημερινές κοινωνίες, οι σύγχρονες δημοκρατίες. Τα τελευταία δέκα χρόνια, ο ΣΠ εισάγεται στην ψηφιακή εποχή με την ανάπτυξη συνεργατικών ψηφιακών πλατφορμών, με σκοπό την ενίσχυση της συμμετοχής των πολιτών. Η ενίσχυση της συμμετοχής με τον Ψηφιακό ΣΠ διαφαίνεται ιδιαίτερα σημαντική, με τη συμμετοχή στο Παρίσι να παρουσιάζει το 2016 μία αύξηση 39% σε σχέση με το προηγούμενο έτος. Η σημασία του ΣΠ σε τοπικό επίπεδο, σύμφωνα με την αρχή της εγγύτητας, μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε μία αποτελεσματικότερη κατανομή και χρήση των πόρων και ταυτόχρονα στην ενίσχυση της εμπιστοσύνης των πολιτών και των κυβερνητικών αρχών. Η μελέτη εφαρμογής μακροχρόνιων διαδικασιών ΣΠ (π.χ. Παρίσι, Βαρκελώνη) είναι αναγκαία για τη βελτίωση του σχεδιασμού των διαδικασιών ΣΠ, την αποτελεσματικότερη διακυβέρνηση και την επιτυχή εφαρμογή της διαδικασίας σε τοπικό επίπεδο στην Ελλάδα.
The metousiosis of knowledge into innovation
Authors: Καλοκάσης Ευάγγελος
Published: May 2024

Η διδακτορική διατριβή ερευνά την επίδραση των διαστάσεων του Κοινωνικού Κεφαλαίου (Social Capital) στην Ανάκτηση Γνώσης (Knowledge Retrieval), διχοτομώντας τη διαδικασία σε δύο ροές γνώσης με βάση την Απορροφητική Ικανότητα (Absorptive Capacity) των δημιουργών και των παραληπτών. Η πρώτη ροή περιλαμβάνει τη διάδοση γνώσης από ένα δημιουργό σε έναν παραλήπτη, εξαρτώμενη από την Απορροφητική Ικανότητα του παραλήπτη, όπου ο τελευταίος αξιοποιεί τη γνώση που έλαβε για να δημιουργήσει νέα γνώση. Η δεύτερη ροή λαμβάνει χώρα όταν ο αρχικός δημιουργός (πλέον παραλήπτης) λαμβάνει τη νέα γνώση που έχει βασιστεί στη δική του από τον αρχικό παραλήπτη (πλέον δημιουργό). Αυτές οι ροές δημιουργούν ένα ανεπίσημο δίκτυο μάθησης αποτελώντας μια δυναμική διαδικασία (dynamic process). Δεδομένου του καθοριστικού ρόλου του κοινωνικού κεφαλαίου στις δυναμικές ικανότητες (dynamic capabilities), η διατριβή αναλύει την επίδραση των διαστάσεων του κοινωνικού κεφαλαίου (relational, structural και cognitive) στις Απορροφητικές Ικανότητες των δημιουργών και των παραληπτών στην Ανάκτηση Γνώσης. Συγκεκριμένα, εξετάζει τη ρύθμιση της σχεσιακής διάστασης (relational dimension) στην ανάκτηση γνώσης μέσω του extraversion degree, του status degree και του means-ends rationalization degree ενός εφευρέτη. Επιπροσθέτως, ελέγχει τη ρύθμιση της δομικής διάστασης (structural dimension), η οποία ερευνάται μέσω του degree centrality, του πλήθους των structural holes καθώς και του tie strength degree. Καταληκτικά, αξιολογεί τη ρύθμιση της γνωστικής διάστασης (cognitive dimension) μέσω του breadth degree, complexity degree και cognitive distance της γνώσης ενός εφευρέτη. Η έρευνα βασίζεται σε δεδομένα από την Hewlett-Packard Enterprise και τις 51 θυγατρικές της, καλύπτοντας 113.821 μοναδικούς εφευρέτες, 36.652 διπλώματα ευρεσιτεχνίας και 483.086 αναφορές από εξωτερικούς εφευρέτες, κατά τη διάρκεια 42 ετών (1976-2018). Επιπλέον, το σύνολο δεδομένων περιλαμβάνει πάνω από ένα εκατομμύριο ενδο-οργανωτικές και δια-οργανωσιακές σχέσεις ανάμεσα στους εφευρέτες. Για να διασφαλιστεί η αξιοπιστία της μεθοδολογίας, η διατριβή χρησιμοποιεί αρνητικές διωνυμικές παλινδρομήσεις σε ατομικό επίπεδο ανάλυσης (longitudinal data structure).
Discovery of novel lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases and their application in nanocellulose production from residual plant biomass
Authors: Χοροζιάν Κοχάρ-Κορίν
Published: May 2024

Η παρούσα διατριβή εστίασε στην μελέτη των λυτικών μονοoξυγενασών των πολυσακχαριτών (LPMOs), μίας κατηγορίας μεταλλοενζύμων που συμμετέχουν στην οξειδωτική διάσπαση της φυτικής βιομάζας και την εφαρμογή αυτών στην απομόνωση νανοκυτταρίνης από την υπολλειμματική φυτική βιομάζα. Αρχικά, η έρευνα εστίασε στην ετερόλογη έκφραση και βιοχημική ανάλυση νέων LPMOs, με έμφαση στις οικογένειες AA9 και AA16, της βάσης δεδομένων CAZy που περιλαμβάνει όλα τα ένζυμα που δρουν στους υδατάνθρακες. Τα ένζυμα που επιλέχτηκαν, προέρχονται από το θερμόφιλο μύκητα Thermothelomyces thermophilus και ονομάστηκαν TthLPMO9G και TtLPMO16A, αντίστοιχα. Ύστερα από τον βιοχημικό χαρακτηρισμό τους, αποκαλύφθηκε ότι διαθέτουν την ικανότητα να αναγνωρίζουν υποστρώματα κυτταρίνης και της ημικυτταρίνης και να πραγματοποιούν την οξειδωτική διάσπαση τους. Συγκεκριμένα για την οικογένεια ΑΑ16, αποκαλύφθηκε η ικανότητα οξειδωτικής διάσπασης σε υποστρώματα ξυλάνης, κάτι που αναφέρεται για πρώτη φορά στην βιβλιογραφία. Η έρευνα εμβάθυνε στην κατανόηση των ενεργοτήτων των LPMOs, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των λειτουργιών μονοoξυγενάσης / περοξυγενάσης, περοξειδάσης και οξειδάσης, ενισχύοντας τη γνώση για αυτά τα ένζυμα στο ευρύτερο πλαίσιο των οξειδοαναγωγικών ενζύμων. Επιπλέον, μέσω πρωτεινικής μηχανικής και σημειακών μεταλλάξεων αποκάλύφθηκαν νέες πληροφορίες σχετικά με τις αλληλεπιδράσεις του ενεργού κέντρου με το υποστρώμα του πολυσακχαρίτη καθώς και με το υπεροξείδιο και τους δότες ηλεκτρονίων. Στη συνέχεια μελετήθηκε η εφαρμογή των LPMOs στην παραγωγή νανοκυτταρίνης από προκατεργασμένη φυτική βιομάζα, όπου αποκαλύφθηκε ότι η μεσολάβηση μίας ενζυμική διεργασίας μπορεί να παρακάμψει την ανάγκη για συμβατικές μηχανικές ή χημικές διεργασίες. Η νανοκυτταρίνη, ένα βιο-πολυμερές υψηλής προστιθέμενης αξίας, δύναται να αντικαταστήσει τα πετροχημικά στην βιομηχανία πλαστικών. Η χρήση των LPMOs σε συνδυασμό με άλλα υδρολυτικά ένζυμα έχει αξιοποιηθεί για την παραγωγή νανοκυτταρίνης υψηλής ποιότητας. Συνοψίζοντας, αυτή η διατριβή συμβάλλει στη βασική κατανόηση της δράσης των LPMOs και έχει προάγει την εφαρμογή νέων τεχνολογιών στη βιώσιμη επιστήμη υλικών. Η προσθήκη οξειδωτικών ένζύμων όπως οι LPMOs σε εμπορικά μείγματα που ηδη αξιοποιούνται στη βιομηχανία, είναι σημαντική για την ανάπτυξη διεργασιών που στοχεύουν στην αξιοποίηση της φυτικής βιομάζας, σηματοδοτώντας ένα σημαντικό βήμα προς τη μετάβαση στη βιώσιμη βιοοικονομία.
In vitro assessment and comparison of quality of alcohol-based hand rubs, pre- and peri-COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Kenya
Authors: Omari Samuel , Ng'ong'a Florence , Kimotho James
Published: May 2024

Background In the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the World Health Organization recommended the use of alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) to curb transmission, leading to increased production and use. This has posed a danger of production and use of poor-quality ABHRs. Methods This study assessed and compared the quality of ABHRs in the Kenyan market that were produced before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. Quality testing was carried out against European EN 1500:2013 and Kenyan EAS 789:2013 Standards and 20 samples analyzed for alcohol content by GC-FID. Results The study found that 27.8% of the peri-COVID-19 pandemic sanitizers had less than 90% bactericidal reduction activity as compared to 12.5% manufactured pre-COVID-19 pandemic. Only 25% peri-COVID-19 pandemic ABHRs met the EAS 789:2013 acceptable limit of over 60% alcohol content. Product adulteration with methanol was found in 20 % of the samples with only 5% complying with FDA approval limit of <0.063% v/v methanol. Study found no correlation between the total alcohol content and the efficacy of ABHRs. Conclusions The study found that more substandard products were produced during the pandemic. This raises a concern about possible emergence of alcohol resistant strains of microorganisms. The study therefore recommends an adequate quality monitoring system to curb against substandard products.
The rise of pathogen genomics in Africa
Authors: Mboowa Gerald , Kakooza Francis , Egesa Moses , Tukwasibwe Stephen , Kanyerezi Stephen , Sserwadda Ivan , R. Kidenya Benson , Kabahita Jupiter Marina , Namaganda Maria Magdalene , Nsubuga Mike , Nabisubi Patricia , Ayitewala Alisen , Kebirungi Grace , Nakafu Esther , Akwii Natasha Patience
Published: May 2024

The routine genomic surveillance of pathogens in diverse geographical settings and equitable data sharing are critical to inform effective infection control and therapeutic development. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the importance of routine genomic surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to detect emerging variants of concern. However, the majority of high-income countries sequenced >0.5% of their COVID-19 cases, unlike low- and middle-income countries. By the end of 2022, many countries around the world had managed to establish capacity for pathogen genomic surveillance. Notably, Beta and Omicron; 2 of the 5 current SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern were first discovered in Africa through an aggressive sequencing campaign led by African scientists. To sustain such infrastructure and expertise beyond this pandemic, other endemic pathogens should leverage this investment. Therefore, countries are establishing multi-pathogen genomic surveillance strategies. Here we provide a catalog of the current landscape of sequenced and publicly shared pathogens in different countries in Africa. Drawing upon our collective knowledge and expertise, we review the ever-evolving challenges and propose innovative recommendations.
The role of therapeutic MicroRNA in arteriogenesis process in limb ischemia: A systematic review
Authors: Ismail Muhamad Taufik , Anggrahini Dyah Wulan , Haryana Sofia Mubarika , Setianto Budi Yuli
Published: May 2024

Background Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is the most advanced stage of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and has poor clinical outcomes. Recently, stimulating arteriogenesis has been proposed to improve clinical outcomes. Several studies have shown that miRNAs have beneficial effects on limb ischemia related to arteriogenesis. This study aimed to review the roles of therapeutic miRNAs in the arteriogenesis of limb ischemia. Methods A systematic search was conducted through July 2021 using the PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases. Two authors independently assessed studies that investigated the role of miRNAs in the arteriogenesis of limb ischemia, both in vivo and in clinical studies. Results All selected studies were in vivo studies, with a total of 36 articles and 28 types of miRNAs. miRNAs potentially regulate arteriogenesis by targeting different targets. The following miRNAs were upregulated to enhance arteriogenesis: miRNA-126-3p, -93, -675, -143-3p, -130a, -210, -146b, -21, -let-7g, -132/212, -150, and 155. Meanwhile, microRNAs needed to be downregulated, namely: miRNA-939-5p, -503, -199a-5p, -146a, -92a, -14q32 microRNA gene cluster, -15a/16, -100, -133a, -139-5p, -223, -352, -615-5p, -15b/5p, -124-3p, and 29a. MiRNA-126 was the most studied miRNA, and SPRED1 was the most common target of microRNA. However, the included studies showed high heterogeneity in terms of inducing hindlimb ischemia, the timing of administration, and the method used for evaluating arteriogenesis. Moreover, most studies presented unclear or high-risk bias. Conclusion MicroRNA application in a preclinical model of hindlimb ischemia has beneficial effects on arteriogenesis. This result indicates that miRNAs might be potentially beneficial in patients with CLTI. Registration The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO under registration number CRD42024484988.
Asentamientos ecológicos como implementación del buen vivir en áreas protegidas
Authors: Cruz Hernández Camilo
Published: May 2024

Este capítulo realiza una reflexión sobre el régimen jurídico de las áreas protegidas, especialmente las del Sistema de Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia —en adelante, SPNNC—, mediante un acercamiento teórico con el concepto del buen vivir. Lo anterior, con el fin de incorporar nuevos elementos en la interpretación que se haga al contenido normativo de las áreas protegidas. El análisis iniciará por la descripción de los planteamientos del buen vivir como una agrupación de perspectivas que contradicen la visión predominante de desarrollo y progreso, con aportes que provienen del saber indígena y tradicional, pero también de reflexiones académicas que, en todo caso, apuntan al deber de constituir un ser humano validado para la relación armónica con la naturaleza. Por otra parte, se pasará a analizar las discusiones teóricas centrales sobre la conservación de la naturaleza mediante las áreas naturales protegidas. Para ello, se abordará, en primer término, los paradigmas en torno a la conservación: por un lado, el modelo autoritario o estricto, que defiende la idea de áreas protegidas sin presencia humana; y por el otro, el que sostiene que los objetivos de conservación pueden alcanzarse con las comunidades o personas que habitan estos espacios protegidos. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, se realizará un especial énfasis en el régimen jurídico del SPNNC, en aras de plantear que el desarrollo de un concepto como el del buen vivir podría soportar el establecimiento de asentamientos ecológicos para solucionar parte de los conflictos socioambientales en estas áreas protegidas.
Los animales en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano: ausencia de protección eficaz
Authors: Salazar Ibarra Martina
Published: May 2024

Frente a la ausencia de una protección eficaz hacia los animales que plantea el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano, los modelos estatales y la sociedad en general, como consecuencia del antropocentrismo, especismo y utilitarismo, existe la necesidad de explorar y debatir alternativas y mecanismos de defensa en los que se ampare la integridad, la dignidad y el respeto hacia estos seres vivos, basados en la existencia del animal y no por los beneficios que genere. Es entonces oportuno para este trabajo ejecutar una relectura de la normatividad y la jurisprudencia que aborda el tema animal, en aras de rescatar sus puntos favorables y emitir una posible reorientación de los lineamientos negativos. Luego se presentan las reflexiones propuestas desde otros pensamientos como: el principio alterum non laedere, el biocentrismo, la teoría de los derechos de los animales de Tom Regan, la concepción de ser sujeto de derecho de especial protección, el trato ético hacia los animales de Peter Singer, la autonomía animal de Steven M. Wise, y la posibilidad del ser de Martin Heidegger. Y finalmente, para dar continuidad al debate, se concluye que el ser humano no es el único ser vivo importante, sino que existen otros seres, como los animales, los cuales ya tienen un valor intrínseco por su sola existencia.
Hiperpresidencialismo y democracia delegativa: una mirada desde El Dictador
Authors: Esparza-Oviedo Silvia María
Published: May 2024

El siguiente escrito tiene como objetivo abordar la temática del hiperpresidencialismo en Colombia y es por ello que, este análisis se hará a partir del i) uso adecuado de la bibliografía, es decir, siguiendo el método documental el cual permitirá llegar a resultados satisfactorios, pues la validez sobre esta investigación se logrará con el uso analítico y crítico de la bibliografía y, además, ii) se tomará como referencia la película El Dictador (2012, dirigida por Larry Charles y protagonizada por Sacha Baron Cohen) como una tragedia.