bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy Assessment of High Dose Colistin against Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria (CR-GNB) in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Non-Inferiority Trial
Authors: Abdulrahman Basheer , F. Mady Ahmed , Monther Ali Noor , Alharthy Abdulrahman , Tharwat Waleed , Ahmad Shahzad , Eltreafi Rehab , Mady Anas , Alotaibi Arwa , Almarzooq Sajedah , Omrani Ali , Elhazmi Alyaa , Altamimi Saad M
Published: November 2021

Background: Colistin is an effective treatment option, recommended for carbapenem resistant gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB) in critically ill patients. Due to high nephrotoxicity, dose management of Colistin is a tough decision to make. At standard dosage the efficacy of Colistin is not well defined. Consequently, strategies involving higher dosages were suggested. Objective: To evaluate the high dose of Colistin as non-inferior to standard dose in the treatment of CR-GNB in critically ill patients. Study Design: Retrospective comparative study Place and Duration of Study: Intensive Care Unit, King Saud Medical City Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2017. Methodology: One hundred and ninety two patients that met the inclusion criteria from all participants were further divided into two groups. Group H (High dose) given the high dose of Colistin (9 million units intravenously (IV) loading dose, and then 9 million units/day in 2 or three divided doses) whereas group S was administered with standard dose (no loading dose, 6 million units/day). The primary endpoint of the study was the assessment of nephrotoxicity after the start of Colistin and secondary endpoints were the mortality within 14 days of commencing Colistin along with clinical effects and microbial clearance upon completion of treatment. Results: The results of the study established the non-inferiority of high dose of Colistin for the renal safety and also showed significant improvement in microbial clearance and length of ICU stay as compared to the standard dose. The other secondary end points such as mortality (p = 0.99), length of hospital stay (p = 0.39), and global improvement (p value of 0.06) revealed no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: The high dose of Colistin for the treatment of carbapenem resistance gram negative bacilli (CRGNB) was as safe as the standard dose for renal safety. But we also found that it also accelerates microbial clearance and reduces the time spent in the intensive care unit. Key words: Colistin, Colestimethate sodium, Gram negative bacteraemia, Sepsis, Multi-drug resistant organisms, Acute kidney injury
To Compare the Recurrence Rate of Strictures after Internal Optical Urethrotomy with Intralesional Injection of Mitomycin C versus without Mitomycin C Injection in Patients Presenting with Anterior Urethral Stricture
Authors: Ullah Ismat , Waqar Shahid Muhammad , Azeem Mughal Muhammad , Usman Rahat
Published: November 2021

Background: The urethral strictures occurred due to narrowing of urethra. These may occur after an injury or ureteral or excretory system diseases, due to the injury to urothelium or corpus spongiosum that lead to the development of scar tissues. Mitomycin C can be used as chemotherapeutic agent because of its quality of being anti-tumour actions. Aim: To compare the recurrence rate of strictures after internal optical urethrotomy with intralesional injection of Mitomycin C versus without Mitomycin C injection in patients presenting with anterior urethral stricture. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Urology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from 5th September 2016 to 5th March 2017. Methodology: Sixty male patients age 18-70 years, diagnosed with anterior (penile and bulbar) urethral stricture up to 2.0cm were included. Patients were randomly divided into two groups; Group A patients were treated with internal optical urethrotomy alone and Group B patients treated with internal optical urethrotomy with intralesional injection of Mitomycin C. After the procedure, an 18F or 20F indwelling catheter left for 7 days. After 6 months, surgical site evaluated and if stricture again developed, then recurrence labeled. Results: The mean age was 39.32±11.38 years, mean duration of stricture was 6.85±3.32 months and the mean stricture size was 1.21±0.45 cm. The recurrence occurred in 18 (30%) patients. Significant difference was noted for recurrence in both groups (p-value<0.05). Conclusion: The recurrence rate with anterior urethral stricture is significantly lower in with Mitomycin C as compared to without Mitomycin C. Keywords: Recurrence, Urethral stricture, Mitomycin C
Complications of Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy versus Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: Ali Channa Mazhar , Saboor Soomro Abdul , Khalique Abdul , . Pardip , Mustafa Ghulam , Hussain Mudasir , Hussain Manzoor
Published: November 2021

Objective: To compare grade I complication as per Clavien-Dindo classification in patients undergoing standard (with tube) verses tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Study design: Hospital based randomized control study. Place and Duration of Study: Urology Clinic, Sindh Institute of Urology & Transplantation Karachi from 3rd June 2016 to 2nd December 2016. Methodology: Seventy four patients (37patients) in each group were enrolled. In group 1 patients, a 20 F nephrostomy tube were placed in the kidney over the guide wire, which was removed later. Group II patients had antegrade placement of a Double-J stent without nephrostomy and the wound compressed for 5min. The demographic like age, gender and complications grade I complications according to Clavian-Dindo classification were noted. Results: The mean age was 49.42±7.06 years. There were 46 (62.16%) males and 28 (37.84%) females. There was no significant difference in stone clearance rate between the groups; 91.9% in standard percutaneous nephrolithotomyg roup and 94.6% in tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy group. Need for analgesics for pain control was high in standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy group 86.5% versus 64.9% in tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy group (p=0.03). Frequency of urine leakage was 18.9% in standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy group and only 2.7% in tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy group (p=0.02). Conclusion: Tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedure has fewer complications as per Clavien-Dindo classification regarding need for analgesics and urine leakage. In suitable cases, the tubeless procedure can be safely used as the standard for percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Keywords: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), Clavien-Dindo classification, Complication
Comparison of NSAIDS Versus NSAIDS Plus Duloxetine in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients
Authors: Khan Panezai Muhammad Muddasser , Gul Shahzad , Ehsan Kakar Zia , Rasheed Uzma , Zammurad Shazia , Tahir Saira
Published: November 2021

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Duloxetine with NSAIDS versus NSAIDS alone for the treatment of knee pain secondary to osteoarthritis. Study Design: Randomized clinical trial study. Setting and Duration: Department of Rheumatology, PIMS Hospital, Islamabad, from April to August 2021. Methodology: One hundred and twenty eight patients with knee osteoarthritis were included in the study and were divided in two equal groups; one group was subjected to Duloxetine plus NSAIDs and other to just NSAIDs. The response was assessed at end of 3 months. Reduction in pain more than or equal to 50% from the baseline was considered as efficacy. Results: The mean VAS score was 3.56±1.15 in group A (Duloexetine plus NSAIDS) A while in group B (NSAID alone), 4.45±1.22 and significantly (p-value > 0.05). Similarly, the comparison of WOMAC score for pain showed that the mean WOMAC score was significantly (P-value > 0.05) less 5.68±1.56 in group A in contrast to 6.39 ± 1.69 in group B. Comparison of efficacy between two groups showed that the rate of efficacy was significantly (P-value >0.05) higher in group A 48.4% as compared to 31.3% in group B. Conclusion: Addition of Duloxetine to NSAIDs resulted in more reduction of pain in terms of VAS and WOMAC score with acceptable adverse effects. Keywords: Chronic pain, Duloxetine, Knee pain, NSAIDs, Osteoarthritis
Modified Duhamel Retrorectal Pull-Through for Hirschsprung’s Disease
Authors: Rehman Shafiq ur , Anwar Muhammad , Fazal Zarlish
Published: November 2021

Objectives: To evaluate the post-operative complications and short-term outcomes of modified Duhamel retrorectal pull-through procedure for Hirschsprung’s disease. Design: Prospective descriptive study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Paediatric Surgery Sahiwal Teaching Hospital Sahiwal from 1stJanuary 2018 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: Thirty seven histologically confirmed cases of Hirschsprung’sdisease having previous decompressing colostomy/stoma age between 1 to 12 years of agewere included. Children under one year of age, with sever comorbidities like Down syndrome and cardiac abnormalities, and those who require re-do pull through procedure were excluded. Modified Duhamel retrorectal pull-through procedure was performed in all cases. The demographic information included age, sex, proximal level of aganglinosis, complications of definite procedure, length of hospitalization andmortality. Other information recorded included long term complications like obstructive symptoms, enterocolitis, incontinence and soiling at follow up. Krickenbeck classification was used to evaluate faecal incontinence and constipation. Kelly’s clinical score was used to assess the anal sphincter. Bowel habits were assessed only in children above three years of age. Results: Twenty six (70.27%) were males and 11 (29.72%) females with male to female ratio 2.3:1 and mean age at operation was 2.89±1-9 years. Twenty nine (78.37%) children were ≤3 years of age and 8 (21.62%) were >3 years. Mean weight was 12.91 kgs, operation time was 126.81 time, fasting time was 6.67 days and hospital stay was 11.91 days. Length of aganglionic segment was short segment 27 (72.97%), long segment 9 (24.32%) and total colonic 1 (2.7%). Hirschsprung associated enterocolitis 7 (18.91%) and wound infection 6(16.21%) were most common reported complications. Constipation in 5(13.51) and soiling with retentive constipation was present in 3 (8.10%) patients. Out of total 31 patients who reached toilet training age, 28 (90.32%) developed satisfactory voluntary bowel habits. Conclusion: Modified Duhamel pull-through procedure was found to be safe, applicable and with lower associated complications and satisfactory short term functional outcomes in our settings. Key words: Hirschsprung’s disease, Modified Duhamel pull-through procedure, Complications, Outcomes
Quantification of Pyrazinamide in Human Plasma by Validated High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method
Authors: Arshad Waleed , Ahmad Naseem Saud , Muqeet Khan Abdul , Imran Iram , Tul-Ain Qura- , Akhtar Mahreen
Published: November 2021

Objective: To be able to accurately determine the quantity of Pyrazinamide (PZA) in different tablet preparations and human plasma using an Ultra violet detector equipped high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Study Design: Experimental study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Bioequivalence Studies, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore and the Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore the from 1st April 2017 to 31st March 2018. Methodology: Two mobile phases were used, the first compromised of disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer having a pH of 6.8 and acetonitrile in the proportion of (95:5) and the second was a combination of aforesaid substances in equivalent proportion (50:50 v/v). The gradient for the first 5 min was exclusively Mobile phase “a” after which 5-6 min Mobile phase “b” was raised from 0 to 100% and was kept at 100% till the completion of the cycle. The flow of mobile phase was kept at 1000 µl/min. Determination of PZA was done using a ultraviolet detector at a wavelength of 238 nm. Amount of sample injected was 40 μl. Procedure was done by using Shizmadu Chromatographic System, Japan equipped with a SIL-20AC HT auto-sampler, SPD-M20A, CTO 20 AC, a LC-20AT VP pump, and CBM 20A controller unit. A C18 column was used as well. Results: Retention time of PZA was 6.1±2%. Precision was 0.46 to 2.20% relative standard deviation for intra assay and for inter assay we obtained 0.29 to 34.45% RSD for all quality control levels. The overall recovery of PZA was 96.75%. Conclusion: High selectivity for PZA was seen and no other spikes from drugs present in FDC regimen were observed at the time when PZA is detected in blank plasma samples Key words: Chromatography, High pressure liquid. Pyrazinamide. Tuberculosis
The influence of translating foreign poetry on modern Arabic poetry
Authors: ALRASHED Eyass
Published: November 2021

This research studies the influence of translating foreign poetry on contemporary Arabic poetry since the onset of the renaissance, till the beginnings of the twentieth century. It also reviews the critics’ opinions along the centuries tackling the question of poetry translation, whether it’s possible or impossible. Moreover, it observes the poets’ contributions which stand for the issue of modernising poetry either through their critical views or their literary topics and presents how their opinions and views have been developed towards the modern poetry. This research tries to understand the development of modern poets’ literary taste and the intellectual stimulus to their artistic project since the beginning of the fifties of the twentieth century. It, in addition, highlights the obstacles that the poets faced and what caused to detain their domination on the literary scene and the (return) revival of the traditional poem one more time.
PENGARUH WISATA HALAL TERHADAP KEPUASAN PENGUNJUNG DAN MINAT BERKUNJUNG KEMBALI
Authors: Sukma Irdiana  , Kurniawan Yunus Ariyono  , Kusnanto Drmawan
Published: November 2021

Atribut wisata halal menjadi hal yang sangat penting dalam menyediakan kebutuhan pengunjung yang beragama Islam pada saat mereka melakukan wisata. Atribut wisata halal juga dapat diartikan sebagai ketersediaan norma dan juga praktik Islam yang relevan dengan wisata yang dikunjungi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis wisata halal terhadap kepuasan pengunjung dan minat berkunjung kembali ketempat pariwisata. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah pengunjung wisata halal di Kota Malang, sebanyak 150 wisatawan. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Metode analisis data dengan menggunakan Regresi Linier Sederhana. Hasil penelitian ini mengatakan bahwa wisata halal dapat mempengaruhi kepuasan wisatawan yang datang ketempat pariwisata dan wisata halal juga dapat mengajak wisatawan berkunjung kembali ketempat pariwisata halal tersebut.
FIXED-DOSE COMBINATION DRUGS AS TABLET IN TABLET: A REVIEW
Authors: P Pavazhaviji , A. N Rajalakshmi
Published: November 2021

The Pharmaceutical industry has become more interested in developing fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) in recent years. FDCs have been used successfully in a variety of clinical areas, including diabetes, HIV/AIDS,and cardiovascular diseases etc. FDCs are intended to extend the product life cycle and enhance patient compliance by decreasing cost. Active Pharmaceutical ingredients are chosen for FDC development based on variety of purposes such as Pharmacokinetic profile, drug-drug interactions, mechanism of action, and manufacturability for successful development. Tablet in tablet technology has gained popularity in recent years for creating modified release products. The compression coating or solvent-free-coating technology is also known as Tablet in Tablet technology. Tablet in Tablet technology is presently the finest alternative technology for the formulation of bilayer tablets for physical separation of active medicines and used to avoid chemical incompatibilities and to produce different drug release patterns such as rapid release, sustained release, controlled release, delayed release, and pulsatile release. This review mainly focuses on combining the techniques of both FDC and Tablet in Tablet formulations which offer a wide variety of benefits such as increased patient compliance, convenience, separation of incompatible ingredients, avoiding close interaction of two drugs, achieving various drug release patterns and maximizing the potency of both drugs over conventional oral dosage forms Keywords: Fixed dose combinations, Tablet in tablet technology, Compression coated tablet, Bilayer tablet, delayed release
Factors Affecting Audit Professional Ethics - Approach from the Perception of Auditors in Vietnam
Authors: Duc Le Doan Minh
Published: November 2021

Auditor independence is one of the most important attributes of audit professional ethics. This article delivers a full insight into the perception of auditors about independence in the auditing activities in Vietnam. The article approaches from the auditor's perception in the actual working environment. The article uses a mixed approach based on the experimental methodology. The article uses the archival research method and group discussions method to analyze and assess the research problems and verify by experimental data. The article takes the group discussions with experts and surveys 300 directors, auditors, auditor assistants who are working in 70 auditing firms. The results show that perception of independence is affected by moral awareness, working environment, and professional Association. Factors affecting auditors’ independence from moral awareness of auditor include perception of utilitarianism, perception of deontology; perception of egoism. Factors affecting auditor’s independence from working environment: business philosophy, management practices. Factors relating to the professional association as orientation, supervision, risk of audit practice. In particular, factors relating to the risk of audit practice do not promote the preservation of auditor independence due to the low litigation risks in the Vietnamese auditing environment while the remaining factors motivate auditors to increase their independence. The article implies that the auditors, the audit firms, and the Association of Certified Public Accountants should possess appropriate orientations and policies to raise the perception of auditor independence. Thereby, auditors will improve their attitude and behavior to ensure independence.
Scheduling and Synchronization Algorithms in Operating System: A Survey
Authors:   English Department, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kalar, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Shakor Mohammed Y.
Published: November 2021

An operating system is software that is designed to manage computer hardware and software resources. However, this management requires applying an ample number of techniques and algorithms which are called synchronization and scheduling. The scheduling algorithms are used to arrange the way that the CPU is assigned to the processes, while synchronization is utilized to indicate how to work with multi-processes at the same time. Therefore, they are related to each other. CPU scheduling is a vital phenomenon of an operating system. At present, numerous CPU scheduling algorithms exist as First Come First Serve) FCFS(, Shortest Job First (SJF), Shortest Remaining Time First (SRTF), Priority Scheduling, and Round Robin (RR). In this paper, a survey of the current synchronization and scheduling algorithms have been presented. An overview of each technique with the main algorithms have been described in detail with the advantages and the issues of each algorithm. Furthermore, this paper has dug deep into the real-time operating system scheduling issues, which is the current trend in operating system researches.
Evaluation of the Thermal Conditions and Smoke Obscuration of Live Fire Training Fuel Packages
Authors:   UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, Regan Jack , Zevotek Robin
Published: November 2021

Firefighters routinely conduct live fire training in an effort to prepare themselves for the challenges of the fire ground. While conducting realistic live fire training is important, it also carries inherent risks. This is highlighted by several live fire training incidents in which an inappropriate fuel load contributed to the death of participants. NFPA 1403: Standard on Live Fire Training Evolutions was first established in response to a live fire training incident in which several firefighters died. Among the stipulations in NFPA 1403 is that the fuel load shall be composed of wood-based fuels. The challenge of balancing safety with fidelity has led instructors to explore a variety of different methods to create more realistic training conditions. A series of experiments was conducted in order to characterize common training fuels, compare these training fuels to furnishings, and examine the performance of these training fuels in a metal container prop. Heat release rate (HRR) characterization of training fuels indicated that wood-based training fuels had a constant effective heat of combustion. Depending on the method used, this value was between 13.6 and 13.9 MJ/kg. This indicates that, even in engineered wood products, wood is the primary material responsible for combustion. In order to further explore the conclusions from the HRR testing, additional experiments were conducted in an L-shaped metal training prop. The results of these experiments highlighted a number of considerations for firefighter training. Thermal conditions consistent with “realistic fires” could be produced using NFPA 1403 compliant fuels, and in fact the thermal conditions produced by larger wood-based fuel packages were more severe than those produced by fuel packages with a small amount of synthetic fuel. The fuel package used in training evolutions should reflect the training prop or building being used, the available ventilation, and the intended lesson. Fuel load weight and orientation are both important considerations when designing a fuel package. The training considerations drawn from this report will help to increase firefighters’ understanding of fire dynamics, and help instructors better understand fuel packages and the fire dynamics that they produce.
UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE OS DESAFIOS DA EJA: REVÉS E VIÉS QUE NORTEIAM O ENSINO DA MODALIDADE EM DUAS ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS MUNICIPAIS EM LAURO DE FREITAS – BA.
Authors: Campos Mariana da Conceição de
Published: November 2021

A Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) vem sofrendo várias transições ao longo da história da educação no Brasil, acentuando-se por sua natureza mais que compensatória sobretudo por proporcionar o exercício efetivo da cidadania. A EJA é uma modalidade com características, caminhos e conquistas particulares que nos exigem uma reflexão sobre os desafios que compõem o ensino nesta modalidade. A pesquisa deu-se por meio da observação em duas escolas públicas do município de Lauro de Freitas – Ba e tem como objetivo refletir sobre pontos importantes que norteiam o ensino da modalidade como por exemplo, a postura dos docentes e discentes, as atividades aplicadas, o trabalho com o livro didático e as especificidades apresentadas pelo perfil jovem e o perfil adulto. A metodologia é de caráter qualitativo e descritivo. As práticas de observação ocorreram em dois dias com horários distintos o que possibilitou a experiência em níveis diferentes, dentro do contexto da modalidade EJA, focando assim na especificidade de cada faixa etária. As fontes de informações foram variadas, não somente a observação do espaço que inclui conversas com estudantes e funcionários, mas também foi aplicado um questionário direcionado a gestão e corpo docente. A pesquisa proporcionou a identificação de pontos importantes existentes na realidade da Educação de Jovens e Adultos no Município de Lauro de Freitas, possibilitou refletir sobre os desafios da modalidade, sobretudo na faixa etária dos jovens. Explicitou que a práxis do professor por meio da postura e metodologia é capaz de motivar ou desmotivar os estudantes. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: EJA, Escola pública, Práxis educativa
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Accounting and Finance Research, Vol. 10, No. 4, 2021
Authors: Chen Sarah
Published: November 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Accounting and Finance Research, Vol. 10, No. 4, 2021
A rare case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the skin: A case report and a literature review
Authors: Filotico Marcello , Mazzeo Francesca
Published: November 2021

This report presents the case of primary Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the skin on the leg of a 74-year-old man. The epidemiological data of the neoplasm are examined, and the morphological picture and immunophenotypic profile are compared with those of the homologous tumor of the salivary glands. According to the scoring system of this type of tumor, our case is classified as low-grade.
זהות מקצועית של מורים
Authors: פישרמן שרגא
Published: November 2021

המאמר מציע הבחנה בין "נרטיב מקצועי" ובין "זהות מקצועית". נמצאו ארבעה מרכיבי זהות מקצועית: ביטחון בבחירה המקצועית, תחושת חוללות מקצועית, תחושת שליחות ומוניטין ההוראה. בין הנרטיב המקצועי ובין הזהות המקצועית של המורים קיימת זיקה שעוצמתה משפיעה על משתני הסיפוק המקצועי והשחיקה המקצועית.
שותפות סטודנטים באקדמיה
Authors: קוזמינסקי לאה
Published: November 2021

שיתוף "קולות סטודנטים" באקדמיה משמעותו יצירת דיאלוג פדגוגי בין סגל וסטודנטים בסוגיות אותנטיות של הוראה, למידה, מחקר והערכה. קידום דיאלוג כזה יתרום להמשגה של ההשכלה הגבוהה כתהליך המבטא אחריות משותפת.
Tropical cyclone track prediction by a high resolution limited area model using synthetic observations
Authors: PRASAD K. , RAO Y.V. RAMA , SEN SANJIB
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT. Results of tropical cyclone track prediction experiments in die Indian seas by a high resolution limited area numerical weather prediction model (1° × 1° lat./long. grid) are presented. As the tropical cyclones form in data sparse regions of tropical oceans, and are, therefore, not well analysed in die initial fields, a scheme has been developed for generation of synthetic observations -based on die empirical structure of tropical cyclones, and their assimilation into the objective analysis, for preparing initial fields for running a forecast model. Experiments on track prediction have beat : conducted for die cyclones forming in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea during the period 1990-95. Forecast errors of the model for 24 hr and 48 hr forecasts have been computed. A sensitivity experiment has been carried out to demonstrate the importance of initial humidity field on forecast model performance. The experiment brings out crucial important of the initial humidity field prescription in accurate track prediction by die forecast model.
Analysis of different tropospheric energies in the surroundings of the Bay of Bengal during different cyclonic periods
Authors: ALAM M.D. MAHBUB , SHAFEE SULTANA
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT. Upper-air data of 0000 UTC for standard isobaric surfaces at surface, 850, 700, 500, 400, 300, 200, 150 and 100 hPa levels for the different cyclonic periods in the last decade were considered for study. The dry static energy, the latent heat energy, the moist static energy and the total energy and their vertical distribution were studied in the surroundings of the Bay of Bengal in relation to the movement of the cyclone and their ultimate landfall. The effects of different  tropospheric energies considering the pressure as a vertical coordinate are discussed with the help of graphs.
Coupling and decoupling processes in monsoonal surface layer using MONTBLEX-90 tower data
Authors: JHA T.N. , RAY K. C. SINHA , SRIVASTAVA H. N.
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT. MONI'BLEX-90 data of Varanasi and Jodhpur have been used to study the physical processes in the surface layer. The results show that turbulent transfer of heat, momentum and moisture commence at an average eddy viscosity of an order of magnitude 5.13 × 10-1 J -s kg-1 during rainy day. In absolutely stable case, eddy viscosity may be equal to 4.94 × 10-4 J-s kg-1 or less to decouple surface layer from rest of the planetary boundary layer for extinction of the turbulent transfer of fluxes. These results were based on 8m and 15m meteorological tower observations and surface soil temperature using analytical solution of Byun (1990) and K theory. It was found that the surface layer is decoupled only in case of stability of Class - A because bulk Richardson number is greater than zero and corresponding stability parameter is positive.
Effects of Coriolis force, vorticity and divergence on nonlinear energy conversions during different phases of July 1979 monsoon
Authors: CHAKRABORTY D.R. , AGARW AL N. K.
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT. Kinetic energy (KE) of the rotational and divergent flows and the nonlinear energy conversion between them due to the action of Coriolis force, divergence and vorticity, partition) further into stationary and transient motions are computed in the Fourier spectral domain during different phases of July 1979 monsoon over the latitudinal belt 10° S - 30° at 850 and 200 hPa and studied. It is found that nonlinear divergent to rotational KE exchange due to the action of Coriolis force is the primary contributor for all categories of stationary and transient waves at both the levels over tropics. Our results indicate that in the transient scale dynamics the wave-wave interaction plays a dominant role at 850 hPa. Divergent to rotational KE conversion by zonal-wave interaction due to divergence and wave-wave interaction due to Coriolis force are identified as important mechanisms for maintenance of rotational stationary planetary and transient synoptic scale waves respectively at 200 hPa. It is inferred that nonlinear energy conversions due to Coriolis force and vorticity oppose each other at 200 hPa. The results support that the energy conversion phenomenon may not be entirely barotropic. The importance of ageostrophic effect at different stages of monsoon activities is also shown.
Correlation study between sunspot and rainfall in Udaipur subregion
Authors: JAIN RAJMAL , TRIPATHY S.C.
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT. The cross correlation among 102 years rainfall data in Udaipur subtropical region and sunspots show tpe influence of solar activity on the climatic conditions of Udaipur. The periodicity obtained using rainfall and other data sets. such as. water storage of Jaisamand lake and gauge measurements of two rivers. Jakham and Karmoi, are similar to the periodicity of sunspots, which indicates a relationship between rainfall and sunspot activity. A period of about 27% is found to deviate from normal rains in the form of flood. excess and deficit of rains in Udaipur sub-tropical region. The possible physical mechanisms to explain sun-weather relationship in astro-physical context are discussed.
A probabilistic model for estimating ocean-spray distribution in extreme tropical cyclone winds
Authors: HILL JAMES LIGHT
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT. Serious gaps in knowledge about ocean spray at wind speeds over 28 m/s remain difficult to fill by observation or experiment; yet refined study of the thermodynamics of Tropical Cyclones (including typhoons and hurricanes) requires assessment of the hypothesis that ‘spray cooling’ at extreme wind speeds may act to reduce (i) the initial temperature of saturated air rising in the eyewall and so also (ii) the input of mechanical energy into the airflow as a whole. Such progressive reductions at higher speeds could, for example, make any possible influence, of future global warming on Tropical Cyclone intensification largely se1f-limiting. In order to help in extrapolation of knowledge on ocean spray to extreme wind speeds, a probabilistic analysis is introduced which allows for the effects of gusts, gravity and evaporation on droplet distributions yet all other respect is as simple as possible. Preliminary indications from this simplified analysis appear to confirm the potential importance of spray cooling.
Storm surge development in the Southern North Sea and the Elbe river in Europe during the last century and its practical application
Authors: GONNERT GABRIELE , SIEFERT WINFRIED
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT. The development of storm surges during the last century in the European North Sea and the Elbe River is presented. The results show an increase in the number of the storm tides and the storm surge curves, but no increase in the level. The reason for the increase of the storm surge curves - especially those with more than one storm tide crest - must be an increase of the wind duration. With the analyses of the storm surge curve and the storm surge peak, it is possible to calculate the design dike level.
Numerical modelling and computer visualization of the storm surge in and around the Croatan-Albemarle-Pamlico estuary system produced by hurricane Emily of August 1993
Authors: PIETRAFESA LEONARD J. , XIE LIAN , MORRISON JOHN , JANOWITZ GERALD S. , PELISSIER JOSEPH , KEETER KERMIT , NEUHERZ RICHARD A.
Published: November 2021

Hurricane Emily unleashed its fury on the Outer Banks of North Carolina on 31 August 1993. Storm surge was a major cause of damage along the Outer Banks. The highest flood water (11-11.5ft) occurred in the Buxton area near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. It was reported that this flood water was from storm surges along the sound side of the barrier islands. An experimental forecast was conducted for this event in real time using Croatan-Albemarle-Pamlico estuary systems (CAPES) storm surge prediction model developed at North Carolina State University (NCSU). It uses as input parameters the projected hurricane track, minimum center pressure, maximum sustained wind speed and radius of maximum wind speed provided by the National Hurricane Center (NHC). The forcing of the model also includes fresh water input from sound system rivers, and of coastal waters intruding into the sound via Ocracoke, Hatteras and Oregon inlets. The predicted maximum surge along the sound side of the Outer Banks was within 85-90% of the post-storm highwater-mark survey data provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Albeit, an after the fact simulation using the post-storm analysis of the track of Emily provided by the NHC, the maximum storm surge along the sound side of the Outer Bancks predicted by the model was within 95-98% of the maximum highwater mark data. The location of the predicted maximum surge for both pre and first model runs was near Cape Hatteras, which agreed well with USGS's survey data. We conclude that the CAPES storm surge model is capable of providing accurate storm surge forecasts in and around the CAPES, but such forecasts are sensitive to not only the observed storm size and intensity but in particular, the projected storm track.
Wave modelling in the oceans and in the regional seas: A critical look and perspective
Authors: CAVALERI LUIGI
Published: November 2021

The state-of-the-art in wave modelling is reviewed, with particular attention on the problems arising by its application in the regional seas. After giving a compact description of a spectral wave model, the different scales of application are discussed, highlighting the practical implications. The most relevant uses are described, with a critical analysis of the physical and numerical parts of a model. Then the relevance of the accuracy of the input wind fields is considered, stressing its importance for the accuracy of the derived wave results. The problems connected to wave forecasting are considered. The conclusions indicate expectations for further developments in the near future.
Data assimilation in a reduced gravity ocean model using ERS-l scatterometer and TOPEX altimeter data
Authors: KUMAR RAJ , BASU SUJIT , GOHIL B. S. , PANDEY P. C.
Published: November 2021

This paper discusses import of ERS-1 scatterometer winds and assimilation of sea level variability data derived from TOPEX altimeter on the ocean model using adjoint approach. The model developed for the purpose is linear reduced gravity model for the north-western Indian ocean. Experiments have been done with forcing provided using ERS-l satellite scatterometer and analysed wind forcing provided by Florida State University (FSU). Impact on the model has been studied using the analysed wind stress as well as with ERS-l scatterometer-derived wind stress fields. The cost function has been defined as difference between the model derived sea level and altimeter observations. This misfit between model and observations has been minimised with the model equations as constraints. Assimilation has been done for 30 days using scatterometer wind forcing. It has been observed that assimilated sea level with scatterometer-derived wind forcing gives much better results in comparison to unassimilated sea level.
An Analysis of Sports Talk Radio’s Effect On Social Issues
Authors: Power Rehana , Mohamud Elham , McRoy Brandon , Robinson Cleandre
Published: November 2021

Professional athletes are becoming more vocal about their stances on different social issues like Black Lives Matter, MeToo and more. The researchers chose to investigate the effects that sports talk radio has on listeners perceptions of different social issues. Participants of the study hailed from a Lutheran, faith-based institution of higher education in an urban area of the Midwestern United States. The study thoroughly addressed the relationship between consumers of sports talk radio and their opinions on professional athletes addressing social issues.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE AMOUNT OF SLEEP AND THE EFFECTS IT HAS ON ATHLETIC CAPABILITIES AND ROUTINE TASKS IN COLLEGE ATHLETES
Authors: Simonian Carly , Sheahan Kira , Christensen Kylie , Haywood Darice
Published: November 2021

College student athletes are under a lot of pressure to accomplish all that is expected of them which may lead to other areas of their lives being neglected, including sleep. The amount of sleep a student athlete gets is crucial in their accomplishments both off and on the field. The researchers chose to investigate how the amount of sleep an athlete gets affects their day to day life. Specifically, the researchers explored the correlation between the amount of sleep an athlete got and how positively they rated their day through an online daily survey throughout a two week span of 10 days. Participants of the study hailed from a Lutheran, faith-based institution of higher education in an urban area of the Midwestern United States. The research showed that it did not matter the amount of sleep the athlete got the night prior that determined their performance the following day. The study thoroughly addressed the relationship between stresses on athletes that impaired their sleep schedules and the aftereffects in both their academic and athletic performances in school and on the field.
How Do Communication Modalities Influence Intergenerational Communication?
Authors: Pierce April , Payne Candace
Published: November 2021

This cross-sectional study analyzes the rapidly developing landscape of online communications. In particular, it studies the modalities used by three generations, which include baby boomers, Gen X, and Gen Y/millennials. In addition to analyzing their preferred methods, researchers also studied the conflicting views on other generations. This was done through data collected from an online survey administered via email and social media posts. It was hypothesized that the gaps in communication styles between different generations would be significantly different than the other generations mentioned. Researchers found that while generational differences are still present among the three demographics studied, a significant number of similarities between the groups were present as well. One example being that the majority of individuals from each generation reported using Facebook as their primary social media service (SMS) as well as over 90% stating that they felt confident in their ability to effectively utilize new forms of technology and social media.
Can You Handle the Distance? A Look Into Social Media and the Effects on Long-Distance Relationships
Authors: House Bailey , McGinty Marisa , Heim Linzy
Published: November 2021

The following research study focused on long distance romantic relationships and the communication used when faced with separation. Many different medias are utilized in relational maintenance and the literature review of this paper explores those options. Online communication and numerous social media sites can positively or negatively affect the relationship quality. After analyzing secondary research, a primary research study was conducted monitoring one newly formed college age couple and their communication for a four-week time period. When looking at the information and data collected, there were numerous examples to show the Social Penetration Theory in this couple’s growing relationship. The final section offers limitations and suggestions for further research of similar studies.
A Communication Analysis of Religion in Education
Authors: Wilcoxson Cody , Spencer Kelley , Nolen Savannah
Published: November 2021

The researchers chose to examine religion as a factor in the decision to attend a university and the way that students adapt communicatively to faith-based universities. The concept brought many aspects of communication into play, but only a specific group of theories were applicable to the research findings. The researchers selected two theories to help explain the data: Communication Accommodation Theory and Symbolic Interactionism Theory. Both, Communication Accommodation Theory and Symbolic Interactionism Theory, focus on the decision-making and adaptation aspects of the study.
Adolescent Self Esteem and Instagram: An Examination of Posting Behavior
Authors: Hill Anna , Denman Lamaja
Published: November 2021

Social media is a way that people can communicate and share parts of their lives through the internet ("Social Media", n.d.). Being that the media tends to have an influence on the general public, it has an influence on adolescents as well. Sometimes this influence can be quite negative (Sanders, 2015). Because of this, exploring their connection would be insightful. This study explores how a specific social media site, Instagram, may affect adolescent girls and their self-esteem. The researchers issued a self-esteem questionnaire to a gorup of girls on their self-esteem and compared it to their Instagram profiles. In this study, the researchers found that the participant with average self-esteem posted the most provacative photos on Instagram, while the participants with high self-esteem along with borderline-low self-esteem posted more goofy and filtered photos.
Giving and Receiving Compliments: What are Your Intentions?
Authors: Karlberg Tyler , Moua Nancy , McDonough Emily , Alakija Sam
Published: November 2021

Compliments are a part of everyday communication in American culture. While many use compliments in order to gain compliance or to show interest in further developing a relationship, underlying intentions may be different than what is perceived by the receiver. The researchers of this study investigated the difference in the motivations of compliments both given and received based on different categories. Using a survey of students at a faith­based university in the Midwest, researchers were able to gather insight into the intentions of giving compliments as well as the perception of received compliments.
Hegemony, Gender Stereotypes and Disney: A Content Analysis of Frozen and Snow White
Authors: Arnold Larisa , Seidl McKenna , Deloney Ariel
Published: November 2021

A content analysis was conducted and focused on the gender roles, gender expectations, and social norms in Disney films. The researchers studied one past Disney film, Snow White and compared it with the most recent Disney film, Frozen to draw distinctions and similarities between them. Through a chi square test of association comparing specific Disney roles of both men and women, minimum differences have been shown between past and recent films. Disney has made changes in their films by removing some overt gender stereotypes from the films; however, they continue to use many of these stereotypical gender expectations. The data suggests that hegemonic principles can be applied to the most recent Disney film Frozen. Disney has hidden traditional gender norms under the guise of being progressive while still utilizing the successful Disney formula of traditional gender roles and expectations.
Changes in Aquatic Lives Due to Changes in Environments
Authors: ABU-DIEYEH MOHAMMED
Published: November 2021

Currently, the world environment is changing more rapidly than at any other time. These changes have immense effects on aquatic life forms, from microscopic plankton to large fish (1). Some of the relevant stressors, amongst many, are temperature, salinity, and water pH, all of which are variables that directly impact living organisms present in the concerned aquatic environments (2). Scientists have found a correlation with physiological, morphological, and molecular changes in living organisms due to environmental fluctuations. In any aquatic ecosystem, photosynthetic primary producers are the basis of other life forms, and it is now established that environmental change has many detrimental effects on these primary producers; thus aquatic ecosystems. For example, increasing temperatures can reduce the productivity, cell size, and overall growth of many aquatic organisms, also a significant cause for coral bleaching (3,4).
Genetic Divergence among Populations of Invasive Alien Species Lantana camara L. from Selected Areas of Bangladesh
Authors: KABIR SAILA , KASHEM MD ABUL , HOSSAIN MOHAMMAD ZABED
Published: November 2021

Lantana camara L., a well-known invasive alien species causing invasion and posing threat to native plant species community in different regions of Bangladesh. The present study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of L. camara populations in different regions of Bangladesh. Eight RAPD markers were used in order to probe into its genetic variability. Total number of bands (202), polymorphic loci (104), per-centage of polymorphism (97.20%), average Shanon’s information index (0.3051±0.115), Nei’s gene diversity (0.4733±0.144) was found and in different populations and multiple divergent genetic clustering along with presence of unique alleles (4) for RAPD revealed high genetic diversity among the populations of L. camara in different regions of Bangladesh.
Traditional Practices, Formulations and Dosages of Medicinal Plants: A Survey in Faridpur District of Bangladesh
Authors: SIKDER RACHANA
Published: November 2021

Nature is a storehouse of enormous remedies and plants, as a part of nature, have a long history of cured different ailments of human beings. The present ethnobotanical survey found that the people of Faridpur district preferred a total of 26 plant species for their traditional healthcare systems. The recorded plant species were belongs to 22 families, and only Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae and Piperaceae families possess more than one species to use. As for plant habits, 62% of species on the list were herbaceous and tree. Leaves and fruits were mostly useable parts as traditional medicines. The highest number of ailments for traditional practice was found related to skin problems (19%) following external injury (15%) and stomach related problems (13%). The amount of dosages and the mode of application also were included in this report. In total 52 traditional practices with 7 new records from Bangladesh were listed. Moreover, the new generations were found to be comparatively less interested in traditional health care systems than the older people. It was the first attempt to explore the traditional values of some medicinal plants with their mode of applications from this region.