bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychotic relapse from COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical features
Authors: Brahmi L. , Ammar H. Ben , Khelifa E. , Hamdi G. , Felhi R. , Mnif L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic affected today more than 76,000,000 worldwide, and more than half of humanity has been placed in quarantine. This pandemic affects mental health problems and influences the onset of symptoms.

Objectives

The aim of this review is to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychotic disorders and its interaction with the various risk factors.

Methods

We undertook a review of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on psychosis. We carried out a systematic review of electronic databases using the keywords “COVID-19”, “pandemics”, “psychotic disorders”, and “delusions”. Relevant literature was limited to articles conducted around the world and published between January and December 2020.

Results

We identified ten papers addressing incident cases of psychosis relapse linked to coronavirus pandemic. In multiple cases, psychotic symptoms were characterized by delusional thoughts about being infected by the coronavirus. The limited access to regular medications and psychosocial interventions was the main factor to psychotic relapse. This review included one cross-sectional clinical study comparing the impact of this pandemic on patients suffering from severe mental illness compared with healthy controls and they found that patients with mental disorders reacted to the pandemic and the lockdown restrictions with higher anxiety levels than the general public. Our study also revealed that elderly people suffering from psychosis and other chronic illness were the most vulnerable to relapse.

Conclusions

Psychotic disorders can relapse during stressful events like COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, specific attention to these vulnerable subjects is crucial to prevent relapses in times of worldwide pandemic.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Culture and personality disorders-a case series
Authors: Iñiguez I. Cuevas , Lietor M.D.C. Molina , Alonso I. Moreno
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Personality disorders comprise a set of diagnosis characterized by inflexible, pervasive and enduring patterns of cognition, affect, behavioural and social interaction. The status of research on the personality among different cultures implies the universality of traits and disorders, as well as, their measuresacross cultures.

Objectives

To study the prevalence of personality disorders in foreigner patients.

Methods

In this retrospective case series, clinicaldata was collected from 40 patients who were hospitalized at the short-stay inpatient psychiatric service of the Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital during 2018.

Results

Nineteen (47.5%) patients were European, ten (25%) were from South America, nine (22.5%) were Africanand two (5%) were Asian. Eight patients were diagnosed of diverse personality disorders. Seven (87.5%) of them were European, and only one (12.5%) was from South America.

Conclusions

This case series suggests various directions for future research. The fact that patients diagnosed with personalitydisorders were mainly European could indicate diverse conclusions. It would question the universality of personality disorders out of a Euro-american frame of reference. It would also point out the difficulty of diagnosing personality disorders, taking into consideration language, awareness of cultural values,traditions, interactional patterns, and social norms. More studies of traits and personality are needed, taking into account the culture and the society in which patients have grown and in which they currently live.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Two-eyed seeing as a philosophy to facilitate communication between traditional indigenous cultural practitioners with psychiatry and other mental health practitioners
Authors: Mehl-Madrona L. , Mainguy B.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

A communication gap exists between psychiatry and indigenous people about views of mind and mental health, which often becomes an obstacle to optimal care and a source of distrust.

Objectives

We aimed to explore the utility of the concept of two-eyed seeing for facilitating communication among traditional cultural practitioners (TCP) and conventional mental health practitioners (CMHP).

Methods

“Two-eyed seeing” is spreading across North America as a metaphor for explanatory pluralism. Albert Marshall, a M’iqmaq from Nova, Scotia, Canada, developed this traditional concept (eptuamptamuk in M’iqmaq) to speak to the idea that indigenous knowledge is as valid as contemporary science for conceptualizing phenomena. We taught the concept to 100 practitioners, equally balanced between CMHP’s and TCP’s, and obtained ongoing feedback about the results of their applying these ideas to their ongoing collaborations. Qualitative research methods were used to evaluate this feedback.

Results

Using the two-eyed seeing concept allowed CMHP’s to better listen to TCP’s descriptions of their concepts of mind and of mental suffering. TCP’s felt more respected by CMHP’s. While concepts such as spirit visitation, the breaking of taboos, and intergenerational curses are inherently foreign to CMHP’s, the two-eyed seeing concept allowed them to bracket these ideas as interesting and to interact with the TCP in a more productive way, while allowing them to observe the effects of the TCP’s interventions in a less judgmental way.

Conclusions

Two-eyed seeing allowed a rich dialogue between CMHP’s and TCP’s that enabled each to appreciate the other’s perspectives, leading to greater cooperation and collaborative treatment. Outcomes improved.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Biochemical markers of depression - an up-to-date review
Authors: Nobis A. , Zalewski D. , Dąbrowska E. , Waszkiewicz N.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Depression or Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Currently affecting around 300 million people worldwide, depression is a major clinical, emotional, and socioeconomic strain for society. There is a growing interest in the biological underpinnings of depression, which are reflected by altered levels of biomarkers.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to present an up-to-date review of potential MDD biomarkers.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched.

Results

Enhanced inflammation has been reported in MDD, as reflected by increased concentrations of inflammatory markers –
interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and soluble interleukin-2 receptor. Dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenals axis, along with increased cortisol levels, have also been reported in MDD. Oxidative and nitrosative stress also plays an important role in the pathophysiology of MDD. Notably, increased levels of lipid peroxidation markers are characteristic of MDD. Kynurenine metabolites, increased glutamate and decreased total cholesterol are also features of MDD. Finally, alterations in growth factors, with a significant decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and an increase in fibroblast growth factor-2 and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations have also been found in MDD.

Conclusions

A group of substances holds promise as reliable biomarkers for MDD. However, biomarker research in depression faces many difficulties, such as insufficient understanding of MDD etiopathogenesis, substantial heterogeneity of the disorder and low specificity of biomarkers. The construction of biomarker panels and their evaluation with use of new technologies may have the potential to overcome the above mentioned obstacles.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The prevalence of depressive disorders among young people in europe: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sacco R. , Camilleri N. , Umla-Runge K.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

This systematic review estimates the pooled prevalence (PP) of depressive disorders (DD) among 5-to-18-year-old YP living in Europe, based on prevalence rates established in the last five years (LFY).

Objectives

Trends of prevalence rates across countries, gender and level of education were analysed. The random effects pooled prevalence rate (REPPR) for DD was calculated.

Methods

A search strategy was conducted on three databases. Studies were also identified from reference lists and grey literature. Eligible studies were evaluated for reliability, validity, bias, and the REPPR for DD was calculated.

Results

The European REPPR for DD is calculated at 2.0% (95%CI: 1.0%-4.0%). (Figure 1). The REPPR for each depressive disorder is shown in Figure 1. The prevalence among secondary school children is 4.2 times higher than that among primary school children.

Conclusions

Routine screening and early intervention strategies for eating disorders may improve the outcome of young people with these problems.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The role of travel for people with an eating disorder, an optimal leisure experience
Authors: Mostefa-Kara L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Project-based leisure would be conducive to enabling people to project themselves into the future and to move away from the eating disorder, which involves a constant preoccupation with food and one’s body. According to this, travel could be a leisure opportunity that invites to challenge oneself by going out of one’s comfort zone. Coping is a real dilemma for people living with eating disorders and the motivations of a tourism experience could refer to motivation to leave one’s current environment. Consequently, travel would be helpful in reducing the individual’s focus on the illness in a different environment.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to investigate the use of travel to help people living with eating disorders to live in the present moment and to “let go”. Then, to understand what are the components of travel that are essential for an optimal leisure experience.

Methods

This multiple case study uses mixed data from a sample of five participants with an ED and living in France. They were invited to live a tourism experience in Québec for one week. This data collection was before, during and after the trip, using the Experience Sampling Method with a mobile app pocket and guided interviews to assess sensations and emotions in the ecological context of patients.

Results

The trip allowed a letting go and developed a greater ability to live in the present moment. It was a significantly positive moment in the lives of the participants.

Conclusions

Travel associate with digital diary are an innovative approach for ED.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Influence of precipitation on psychiatric emergency care visits
Authors: Hernández-Calle D. , Bravo-Ortiz M.F.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Psychiatric emergency care visits have been associated to several climate variables. However, the influence of precipitation has been understudied

Objectives

To study the association between precipitation and number of emergency care psychiatric visits.

Methods

Daily urgency visits were extracted from electronic medical records of Hospital Universitario La Paz from 1st January 2019 to 31th December 2019. Precipitation data (measured as accumulated litres per square meter) was obtained from a local climate station. Spearman correlation was estimated.

Results

The Spearman correlation coefficient was -0.02(p = 0.80).

Conclusions

Precipitation was not associated to number of emergency visits.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Prevalence of physical abuse of children in their homes in Ilorin Nigeria
Authors: Oladosu A. , Abiodun O. , Tunde-Ayinmode M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Child abuse has deleterious consequences on its victims. Its occurrence is poorly documented in Nigeria.

Objectives

To determine prevalence and pattern of physical abuse at home among children in Ilorin Nigeria.

Methods

Cross sectional survey of secondary school students aged 11-18 years in Ilorin Nigeria using multistage random sampling technique with proportional allocation was done. Respondents completed the ICAST-CH questionnaire which covers child abuse in its several forms. Prevalence of child abuse was computed.

Results

Table1: Pattern of physical abuse at home in the last 12 monthsForm of abuseFrequencyPercentagePhysical Abuse* (n=1554) Hold heavy load as punishment/positional fixity)149296.0Hit with object147394.8Hit, beat, spanked with hand120377.4Pushed, grabbed, kicked85054.7Pulled hair, pinched, twisted ear63140.6Locked in small place18211.7Burned or scalded855.5Tried to choke, smother, or drown815.2Threatened with knife or gun301.9

Conclusions

Conclusion Physical abuse of children is extremely common in Ilorin Nigeria. There are no specific demographic determinants of occurrence; hence every growing child is at risk. The prevailing cultural norms and state laws appear to be chief drivers of this phenomenon. The current findings expand the available pool of knowledge about CPA in Nigeria and calls for more research. It also supports existing calls for the abolition of corporal punishment of children.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Multidirectional (auto- and hetero-) aggression in the practice of forensic psychiatry
Authors: Kalashnikova A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The problem of coexistence of heteroaggression and autoaggression most clearly manifests itself in the field of forensic psychiatry. For example, in Russia, about 25% of criminals who committed aggressive actions had a history of suicide attempts.

Objectives

Identification of specific personality traits in individuals with multidirectional aggression.

Methods

In a continuous one-step study, relatively sane adults of both sexes were examined: 38 persons undergoing forensic examination with multidirectional aggression and 34 violent criminals. A wide range of forensic psychological techniques is used to identify aggression, suicidogenic and inhibitors of aggression. Nonparametric statistical methods were used: Spearman rank correlation coefficient (r) and Mann-Whitney (U).

Results

The leading role in the genesis of multidirectional aggression, in contrast to other types of aggression, playing the combination (p<0.01) to the presence of motivational aggressiveness (according to the Hand Test, U=556.6; p=0,046) and the willingness to show negative feelings at the slightest arousal (annoyance, irascibility according to BDHI, U=468.2; p=0,012), along with suicidal personal qualities, which is combined with the deficiency of auto- and heteroaggression inhibitors (value orientations; socio-normative, dispositional, communicative, emotional inhibitors, coping strategies, etc.). However, the psychological mechanisms of multidirectional aggression are relatively non-nosospecific and are similar in mentally healthy individuals and individuals with personality and organic mental disorders.

Conclusions

Multidirectional aggression in view of the increased risk of recidivism and personal and public danger should be taken into account by forensic experts when recommending psychocorrective measures in places of deprivation of liberty.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Self-regulation of students’ psychological states
Authors: Kartasheva M. , Klimanova A. , Prokhorov A. , Chernov A. , Yusupov M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

A system model of self-regulation of students’ psychological states has been developed. As the main elements, the model includes the relationship between states and characteristics of consciousness, external factors and regulatory actions in a certain time range.

Objectives

To study conscious and unconscious methods of regulation of states in the relevant sections of the educational activities of students.

Methods

98 students took part in this research, used different techniques of self-regulation and psychological states diagnosis.

Results

The regulation of psychological states occurs unconsciously. The success of the applied methods is relative and depends on both educational and personal factors. The regulators of states are various personal qualities. These are reflection, metacognitive abilities, intelligence, as well as the general ability to self-regulate. We discovered the influence of the meaningfulness of life on the psychological states. In the structure of students’ states with a high level of meaningfulness of life an indicator of the general ability to self-regulation plays a central role.Indicators of emotional intelligence and locus of control characterize states of students with a low level of meaningfulness of life.

Conclusions

It has been found that the level of reflection of students plays a mediating role in the interaction of psychological states and adaptation processes. Emotional comfort, internal control, and self-acceptance have the greatest impact on states. The research confirmed the hypothesis of reflexive regulation of psychological states depending on various types of reflection during the performance of creative tasks. The research was carried out with the financial support of the RFBR; project No.19-013-00325.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Chronological and biological age: Why relevant for psychiatrists?
Authors: Penninx B.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Depression is the mental disorder with the largest disease burden impact. That is due to its high prevalence, chronicty, early onset but also due to its impact on various aging-related somatic morbidities and mortality. This talk will describes to what extent depression characteristics are related to chronologial and biological aging patterns.

Methods

Data will be shown from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA, www.nesda.nl). In this study, a large cohort of over 3000 individuals (18-65 years), among which over 1200 with a DSM-based major depressive disorder (MDD), are now followed for 9 years. The association between depression characteristics and chronological and biological age will be described. Biological age was determined at various biological system-levels, including telomere length, epigenetics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and proteomics.

Results

Older persons with a current MDD do not differ in overall disease severity as compared to younger persons with a current MDD. However, older depressed persons do differ in the types of symptoms they experience (more neurovegetative, somatic symptoms and less mood symptoms) and in their chronic course (with twice more chronicity in the oldest depressed persons compare to the younges depressed persons). At all biological system-levels, there was evidence for more advaned biological aging among persons with depression. This was not differential across chronological age groups. Discussion: Findings suggest that depression characteristics are linked to both chronological and biological age. It will be discussed what this could mean for clinical practice and intervention.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The opportunities and obstacles of studying telomere length as a biological aging marker in psychiatry
Authors: Verhoeven J. , Penninx B.
Published: February 2022

Aging can be described as the life-long accumulation of damage to the tissues, cells, and molecules of the body. One of the most widely used markers to study biological aging is telomere length. Telomeres are non-coding DNA structures located at the ends of chromosomes that become progressively shorter with age. Research in the past decade showed that persons with psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder on average have shorter telomeres, which might help explain the high levels of somatic morbidity in these patients. While telomere length is an elegant aging biomarker, reflecting a biological process in most living species, there are also some challenges. In human studies, the between-person variation is large and shortened telomeres showed not to be specific to psychiatric diagnosis but rather to a multitude of psychological and physiological stressors. Telomere length might therefore not be a diagnostic marker. It could, nonetheless, be an interesting target for pharmacological, psychological or exercise treatment. If persons with psychiatric disorders age biologically faster, to what extend can this be process be halted or even reversed with successful treatment? Other opportunities and obstacles of studying telomere length as a biological aging marker in psychiatry will be discussed in this session.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The right temporoparietal junction and cooperation dilemma
Authors: Tei S. , Fujino J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Cooperation is a key component of our lives. When we identify people in need, we are frequently motivated to cooperate by overcoming selfishness. However, we may also become selfish to pursue greater gains by putting ourselves at risk and exploiting others. Such cooperation dilemmas are ubiquitous in real life. Although functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have repeatedly reported the involvement of right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) in cooperation dilemmas, a causal link between the two has been rarely explored.

Objectives

To investigate a causal role of rTPJ in resolving cooperation dilemmas in ecologically valid settings.

Methods

Twenty-two healthy volunteers were examined. We combined repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with a snowdrift cooperation dilemma game task (cross-the-traffic intersection version) wherein either cooperation or defection should be chosen. Participants and opponents jointly faced a problem at the intersection where their cooperation could diffuse the situation (stopping/avoiding a car-crash). This conflicted with a choice in the participant’s self-interest which was more rewarding, but risky (not stopping/defection). We also included explicit-cue condition that showed elderly/pregnant passengers in the opponent’s car. Furthermore, we measured participants’ empathic-traits (e.g., perspective-taking) to study personality-cooperation associations.

Results

The cooperation-ratio did not statistically differ between the sham stimulation and inhibitory continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) in both the no-cue and with-cue conditions. However, after cTBS, only in the no-cue condition, the strength of the relationship between cooperation-ratios and empathic-traits decreased significantly (p<0.05).

Conclusions

These results contribute to our understandings of rTPJ’s role in spontaneous social cognition, which may be considerably complex and require further examination.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
An fMRI study of decision-making under conflict in individuals with autism spectrum condition
Authors: Tei S. , Fujino J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Individuals with autism spectrum condition (ASC) frequently report difficulties in social communications, combined with restricted inflexible behaviors. However, it is unclear whether this rigidity is pervasive across cognitive flexibility (CF) and affective flexibility (AF) in situations which resolve different social conflicts.

Objectives

To study CF and AF levels and associated brain activity in individuals with ASC.

Methods

Individuals with ASC and with typical development (TD) performed a moral dilemma task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. For CF, participants made decisions on (1) whether to enforce result-oriented actions to prioritize social/public benefits; and (2) judged whether these actions are right or wrong. For AF, participants made decisions on (1) whether to permit social norm/rule violations in sympathy-evoking situations; and (2) permit these identical violations in no sympathy-evoking situations. We calculated participants’ CF/AF levels by computing the switching-rate of decisions in CF/AF sessions (switching was defined as: CF, judging the actions as wrong but choosing to enforce the action in the same vignette; AF, judging the violations as not permissible in a no sympathy-evoking circumstance, but permissible in a sympathy-evoking circumstance).

Results

For CF, ASC participants showed a marked decrease in CF switching-rates compared to TD participants (p < 0.05), and in corresponding brain activity for executive functioning. For AF, although the AF switching rate difference was non-significant, we observed unique brain activities in each group (e.g., TD activation of the greater dorsomedial-prefrontal cortex and ASC activation of the cingulate cortex).

Conclusions

Our results suggest ASC inflexibility may be further characterized by both CF and AF.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Charles bonnet sydrome: A case report
Authors: Izquierdo A. , Del Sol Calderon P. , Moreno M. García
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Faced with recent onset psychotic symptoms in patients over 60 years of age without a psychiatric history, it is important to carry out an adequate differential diagnosis.

Objectives

The objective is to carry out a review of Charles Bonnet syndrome through the presentation of a case

Methods

75-year-old patient who suddenly began to present auditory hallucinations. The patient had no relevant psychiatric history or medical history. She reported that suddenly, two months ago, she had begun to listen to his neighbor through the walls of his home. She heard him talk about her, threatening and insulting her. Later, as a result of these hallucinations, she began to believe that in the bathroom he was spying on her through a camera, forcing her to shower in the dark. Weeks later, she thought that he was also chasing her down the street through a chip that had implanted her. She was distressed and highly anxious. She had started not sleeping out of fear of this neighbor.

Results

In addition to the psychiatric evaluation, an MRI was requested to rule out incipient cognitive deterioration, as well as a hearing examination. It was found that he had severe hearing loss in the left ear. Given these findings, he was diagnosed with Charles Bonnet syndrome.

Conclusions

Charles Bonnet syndrome is normally associated with blindness, however, it is also described in deafness. It occurs with hallucinations of the lost sensory organ. It is a clinical picture that does not respond well to treatments.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Personal resources providing stress resistance of hospice medical workers
Authors: Abdullaeva M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The functional approach to the study of stress resistance allows us to distinguish two blocks of resources – the “active” one, which includes the analysis of the content, conditions, subject and means of labor, and the “personal” one, which considers values, motivation and the expressiveness of personal qualities that contribute to the stress resistance (Granek, Buchman, 2020; Cross, 2019; Powell et al., 2020; Hernández-Marrero, Fradique, 2019).

Objectives

The objective of our work was to study the relationship between the personal and motivational characteristics of hospice employees with the different symptoms of professional burnout as an indicator of a reduced stress resistance.

Methods

62 hospice medical employees with an average work experience of 4,5 years took part in the survey. They were asked to fill out questionnaires to diagnose the burnout symptoms, a motivational personality profile and to assess themselves by the personal semantic differential.

Results

By the means of the procedure for determining the extreme groups (M ± σ), two groups of respondents were identified, which are characterized by different degrees of burnout symptoms. The results of the comparative analysis showed that the less advantaged respondents from the burnout perspective are focused on the life support, comfort, social status, which indicates a certain rationality in the choice of this job.

Conclusions

The portrait of a professionally successful hospice employee includes an orientation towards communication, social and creative activity, which is complemented with independence, confidence and decisiveness – the features that allow carrying out their work in stressful conditions and mainly in uncertain situations.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Experience of a multi-component therapy group for patients with chronic pain
Authors: Coscujuela P. Marco , Mata A. Hernández , Gómez A. Sotillos , Sabaté C. Rodríguez , Rodríguez A. Fernández
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Chronic pain has an impact that goes beyond the physical plane and, over the years, it ends up deteriorating the emotional, working and social life of people who suffer it.

Objectives

Since we are working with patients who suffer a chronic pathology that cannot be cured, the objective of the group is to create a safe space in which these patients can feel understood, facilitating emotional expression and promoting an active attitude. Accepting pain and its limitations allows the person to regain their ordinary life.

Methods

A multicomponent group therapy with a cognitive-behavioural orientation was carried out. The group was formed by 12 patients, all of them women with chronic pain. Eleven sessions were established on a weekly basis of one and a half hours of duration.

Results

In each session a specific aspect was worked on, favouring the learning of techniques, tools and strategies of coping. A global approach was made, including behavioural, cognitive and emotional elements. At the end of the process, the patients reported benefits in their ability to manage anxiety and depression symptomatology, and they reflected a lower impact of pain in their daily life.

Conclusions

Given the complexity of the symptomatology in chronic pain, it is important to approach the treatment from a multidimensional perspective that envisages every component of pain in order to being able to give a response to the physical and psychosocial impact that it implies, favouring a better confrontation and adaptation.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
A systematic review: Investigation of effectiveness of the web based online interventions to manage and reduce stress of university students
Authors: Ozogul A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The literature shows a high prevalence of psychopathological problems, anxiety and depression among university students because of academic expectations, uncertain future plans, staying away from their family, economic issues and peer relationships. Although these problems show high prevalence among university students, providing them a professional care is limited so most of problems remain untreated. Nowadays the students use digital technologies commonly therefore web based and computer delivered interventions may be useful for them to improve resilience and coping strategies.

Objectives

The intent of the study was to review systematically the impacts of web based and computer delivered interventions regarding stress management among university students.

Methods

Several databases were searched with using key words such as university students, online interventions, web based interventions and stress management. Randomised controlled studies were reviewed.

Results

We found 284 article with the key words. Only four of them met the including criterias. All results of reviewed articles show that web based online interventions have an impact to reduce depression, stress and anxiety level among students. According to the results students improved coping skills against stress after web based online sessions.

Conclusions

The findings show that web based and computed delivered interventions can be effective to improve resilience and reduce students` depression, anxiety and stress symptoms when compared non-interactive and inactive controls. In addition online interventions regarding stress management may provide us to reach out large group of university students.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Relationship between emotional coping and depressive symptomatology
Authors: Delhom I. , Melendez J.C. , Satorres E.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

From the life cycle perspective, the aging is described as the strengthening of adaptive resources and the capacity for recovery or compensation for losses. These skills are grounded in the coping strategies that individuals apply in order to effectively adapt to diverse situations. Emotion-focused, passive coping strategies are considered to be maladaptive in the long term. These strategies are associated with affective disorders, being these phenomena of great impact in older adults.

Objectives

Verify if there is a relationship between emotion-focused coping strategies and depressive symptoms

Methods

The sample was composed of 418 healthy older adults, aged between 60 and 89 years with an average age of 69.67 years and SD = 7.24, 63.6% of the participants are women and the remaining 36.4% are men. The Coping Stress Questionnaire was used to evaluate strategies focused on emotion (Sandín & Chorot, 2003). The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (Radloff & Teri, 1986) was used to evaluate depressive symptoms.

Results

Depressive symptomatology showed significant associations with all emotion-focused strategies: negative self-focus (.339), open emotional expression (.279), avoidance (.202) and religion (113) with a significance level of 0.05.

Conclusions

Emotion-focused coping strategies are associated with depressive symptomatology. Thus, it is considered that the use of these types of strategies in times of change or challenge will not benefit adaptation in the older adult. It is necessary to develop more active coping strategies for prevention in mental health during aging.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Breast milk and infant formula milk for the prevention of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in premature infants
Authors: Abdullayeva G. , Abdullaeva M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

A relationship was found between the use of breast milk and infant formula milk and a decrease in the incidence and number of clinical complications caused by hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Objectives

To assess the efficacy and safety of breast milk and infant formula milk in terms of reducing of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, the level of morbidity, the severity of damage to brain structures, the time before switching to full-fledged enteral nutrition and the frequency of detecting feeding intolerance in premature infants.

Methods

Prospective observation of the development of 254 premature babies were treated up to six months of corrected age at the Department of Neurology of Early Growth in 2016-2018. The effect of breast milk and formula milk on neurological status was compared.

Results

In comparison, breast milk and formula milk didn’t show any effect on the frequency of severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (p <0,05), the severity of brain damage(р <0,01). Breast milk showed a statistically significant effect in terms of reducing the average number before switching to full enteral nutrition (p <0,01).

Conclusions

Breast milk and formula milk does not affect the frequency of development of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, the severity of brain damage. Breast milk significantly reduces the frequency of feeding intolerance, accelerates the transition to enteral nutrition, reduces the duration of hospitalization in premature infants.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The effect of online motivational interviewing on stress management in infertile women with PCOS: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ansari F. , Hamzehgardeshi Z. , Elyasi F. , Moosazadeh M. , Ahmadi I.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women, which in addition to medical aspects also affects the dimensions of women’s mental health such as stress.

Objectives

The present study was conducted to determine The effect of online motivational interviewing on stress management in infertile women with PCOS

Methods

This randomized controlled clinical trial enrolled 60 Infertile Women with PCOS from the city of Sari-Iran in 2020. Participants were assigned to MI and control groups using block randomization. The intervention group received 5 weekly of MI online via WhatsApp. While the control group received only routine care. Stress management scores in these individuals were measured using health-promoting lifestyle profile II questionnaire (HPLP II) before and after the intervention. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS software, version 25 and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test, and repeated measures analysis of variance.

Results

No significant difference was observed between the two groups before the intervention mean The Stress management scores (p>0.05). After the intervention, mean (SD) of The Psychological Domains score was 22.5 (3.8) in the intervention group and 17.9 (4.1) in the control. The Stress management score was significantly upper in the intervention group compared to the control. (p<0.000). The effect size (1.1) was calculated. NNT (1.6) was calculated.

Conclusions

According to the results and the effect of motivational interviewing is one of the effective methods to manage stress in infertile women with PCOS.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The gordian knot of overlapping symptoms between dissociative identity disorder and borderline personality disorder, the need for a clear cut: A case report
Authors: Romanos I. , Preve M. , Traber R.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

One of the central debates in the psychiatric community is the difficulty in distinguishing Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) from Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). The fact that core symptoms of these pathologies such as emotional dysregulation, alterations in sense of Self, amnesia, depersonalization, self harm, hearing voices, difficulties in maintaining relationships, are symptoms that feature in both disorders can lead physicians to a misdiagnosis, thus depriving patients with DID of adequate treatment.

Objectives

To report a complex clinical case of a DID patient initially misdiagnosed as BPD.

Methods

Clinical case report.

Results

A 45-year-old Caucasian woman with a history of childhood intrafamilial sexual abuse and domestic violence, substance use disorder, autolesionistic and suicidal behaviour with an active diagnosis of BPD presented to our ambulatory mental health care service. A more thorough examination revealed a history of emotional and affect dysregulation, depersonalization, amnesia, intrusive traumatic memories and nightmares with affective, cognitive, and sensorimotor aspects, persistent negative Self-perception. Auditory verbal hallucinations were also present described as inner space with commentary and derogatory nature with one of them being a child voice. The diagnosis of tertiary structural dissociation and DID was finally made when three Apparently Normal Personalities emerged with several Emotional Personalities, authorising for cautious partial pharmacological washout and initiation of three phase-orientated treatment approach.

Conclusions

DID is more common than is assumed and the overlap of core symptoms with other disorders can lead to a misdiagnosis. A careful clinical interview and evaluation of symptoms is mandatory to a correct DID diagnosis with a consequent appropriate therapy.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Hypersalivation and coarse tremors as uncommon side effects of acamprosate: A case report
Authors: Bhandutia D. , Nayok S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Mr. X, a 39-year-old man presented to us with a history of alcohol use from the last 12-15 years in a dependence pattern with tolerance, uncomplicated withdrawal symptoms and salience. He was detoxified, given parenteral thiamine supplements and oral lorazepam to reduce withdrawal symptoms. He was contemplating to quit alcohol and thus about 4-5 days after his detoxification, tablet acamprosate 1998 mg/day was added, in three divided dosages. He was discharged after 10 days and had no withdrawal signs or cerebellar deficits. In the next follow-up after two weeks, he reported to be abstinent from alcohol, but now complained of new onset coarse tremors and excessive salivation. He had no other extra pyramidal or cerebellar symptoms, no hepatic or renal dysfunction and no neurological deficits. The Patient had a drooling score of 6 on Drooling Severity and Frequency Scale(DSFS).

Objectives

Acamprosate and naltrexone are the only two drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for achieving abstinence in patients with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome. Acamprosate is well tolerated and has a few drug interactions. It has a comparatively benign side effect profile which includes diarrhea, intestinal cramps, itching, dizziness, muscle weakness, headache, flatulence, nausea, anxiety, and insomnia. Here we report hypersalivation and coarse tremors as unusual side effects of acamprosate.

Methods

Cross-sectional

Results

Here we report hypersalivation and coarse tremors as unusual side effects of acamprosate.

Conclusions

The probable mechanism responsible for this is thought to be acamprosate induced decrease in dopamine release in ventral tegmental area due to diminished glutamate activity.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Secondary psychosis after a temporal lobe resection in a patient with refractory epilepsy. A case report
Authors: Campo A. Cerame Del , Soler A. Franco , Limeres P. Coucheiro
Published: February 2022

Introduction

We present the case of a 34-year-old female patient with no prior psychiatric record who was treated in our outpatient department due to persecutory delusions of recent onset. The patient had a history of refractory temporal epilepsy since adolescence and underwent a temporal lobe resection 4 month prior to the appearance of her symptoms.

Objectives

Temporal lobe resection is a well-established technique to treat refractory temporal lobe epilepsy in which psychotic symptoms are an infrequent complication; the most frequent being cognitive sequelae, visual field defects and depression. According to several sources, this symptomatology may be underdiagnosed and undereportend and there have been a number of case reports and series of cases which describe the aforementioned entity.

Methods

A case report is presented alongside a review of the relevant literature regarding cases of secondary psychosis after brain surgery.

Results

During her treatment we administered olanzapine up to doses of 7.5mg per day because of the risk of reducing the convulsive threshold. We observed a marked improvement and the disappearance of the delusions. The dose of olanzapine has been maintained for a year with no important side-effects and without a relapse in symptoms.

Conclusions

Psychotic symptoms as a complication of temporal lobe resection may be more frequent than what was thought in the past. It is important to study this phenomenon more in-depth because the symptoms may remain undetected and present worse outcomes given that there are effective treatments which could ameliorate the condition.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Postictal suppression in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) according to sex, age, diagnosis and treatment phase
Authors: Llorca-Bofí V. , Buil-Reiné E. , Adrados-Pérez M. , Torterolo G. , Sánchez M. , Gisbert-Solà A. , Pàmpols-Pérez S. , Palacios-Garrán R. , Torrent A. , Batalla I.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Postictal suppression (PSI) is considered a key feature for ECT’s outcomes because higher values have been correlated with clinical efficacy. However, little is known about the demographic factors influencing this parameter.

Objectives

To analyze the influence of sex, age, diagnosis and treatment phase on ECT efficacy measured with PSI value.

Methods

3251 ECT sessions were performed on 182 patients during two years at a university hospital. PSI was retrospectively analyzed comparing it according to sex (male, female), age, main diagnosis (major depressive disorder [MDD], bipolar disorder [BD], schizoaffective disorder [SZA], schizophrenia [SCZ]) and treatment phase (acute [a-ECT], continuation [c-ECT], maintenance [m-ECT]).

Results

PSI values were 69.76 % (SD 17.05) in women and 70.72 % (SD 16.81) in men without differences between sexes (F=0.979; p=0.607). PSI was correlated with age (r=-0.058; p=0.031). MDD PSI was 70.01 % (SD 16.88), for BD it was 69.48 % (SD 17.00), for SZA it was 68.62 % (SD 17.39), and for SCZ it was 70.73 % (SD 17.18), without differences between diagnosis (F=1.085; p=0.141). According to treatment phase, PSI in the a-ECT was 72.26 % (SD 16.43), in the c-ECT it was 67.83 % (SD 17.53), and in the m-ECT it was 68.47 % (SD 17.02), without differences between phases (F=0.901; p=0.915).

Conclusions

Although there exist statistically significant association between age and PSI it is a negligible correlation with no clinical relevance. Thus, we conclude that neither sex nor age, nor diagnosis, nor treatment phase seem to influence PSI to a relevant degree.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
A microgenetic approach to the relationship between creativity and aggression in mental disorders
Authors: Yaniv H.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

A study, examined creativity and aggression in individuals suffering from mental disorders, will present.

Objectives

Five groups: individuals suffering from mental disorders – with or without a history of aggression; creative individuals; aggressive individuals; and a control group

Methods

Different personality questionnaires: anxiety, absorption, schizotypy and humor and the microgenetic method – a projection technique, using visual stimulation by means of a computerized experiment. The stimuli that were presented in this study were two artworks. They were presented in a blurry manner that became clearer and the exposure time became longer.

Results

An emotional process aroused, when exposed to the stimuli. The stimuli had an influence on the subject’s internal world, which was reflected back in the verbal reports, especially the aspects of creativity and aggression. Secondly, the pathological groups were the lowest in the expression of creativity. However, they expressed more aggressive expression than expected while exposed to the stimuli. Moreover, these groups were ranked high, in traits related to creativity, such as schizotypy, absorption and the P dimension.

Conclusions

The Microgenetic-method gave a better perspective of the participant’s personality and can be used as a diagnostic-tool. In addition, the research demonstrates that creativity and aggression are multi-dimensional traits and are noticeably present in the pathological groups. Therefore, a person coping with psychopathology should get assistance with controlling the expression of his urges. They should be directed towards a creative expression of their inner-world, allowing a full range of expression of his strengths and pains. This will sublimate the feelings of aggression.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.