bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Andar a pé: Mobilidade urbana e sustentabilidade nas regiões metropolitanas brasileiras
Authors: Faria Helena Mendonça
Published: June 2016

Existe uma conjuntura política, social, técnica e econômica no Brasil que faz com que os pedestres sejam muito pouco considerados em políticas públicas, a despeito do amplo debate recente sobre a questão da mobilidade urbana. A proposta desse trabalho é investigar condicionantes do espaço urbano contemporâneo como conceitos, legislações e dados sobre usos e usuários, nas práticas de mobilidade urbana. Ao mesmo tempo, são avaliados os direcionamentos de políticas públicas para à mobilidade sustentável e, mais especificamente, para o ato de andar a pé, nas Regiões Metropolitanas brasileirasAbstract:There is a political, social circumstance, technical and economic in Brazil that makes pedestrians very rarely considered in public policy, despite the extensive recent debate on the issue of urban mobility. The purpose of this study is to investigate conditions of contemporary urban space as concepts, laws and data on uses and users, in urban mobility practices. At the same time, are measured the directions of public policies for sustainable mobility and, more specifically, to the act of walking on Brazilian Metropolitan Regions.Key words: Walking mobility; Urban Mobility; Urban Space, Sustainability; Mobility Policies, Brazilian Metropolitan Regions.
En maringá el césped del vecino es más verde: floras de patios urbanos de distintas clases sociales
Authors: Angeoletto Fabio , Santos Jeater W. M. C. , Essy Camila
Published: June 2016

Patios tienen un potencial considerable para la conservación de la biodiversidad. Sin embargo, estos espacios no son planificados, y existe poca información sobre la diversidad de la flora presente en los patios de las diferentes clases sociales. Hemos cuantificado y comparado la diversidad vegetal de los patios de dos barrios de la región metropolitana de Maringá – RMM (Paraná, Brasil), a saber, Jardim Bom Pastor y Zona 02, mediante la identificación de las especies y a través del cálculo de índices de diversidad y de correlaciones bivariadas. Los estándares de diversidad son muy distintos, cuando comparados los barrios, y por ello hemos trazado directrices de planificación, con el objetivo de aumentar la presencia de la vegetación en la RMM, y contribuir a la conservación de la biodiversidad.Abstract:Homegardens have considerable potential for conservation of biodiversity. However, these spaces are unplanned, and there is little information on the diversity of flora in the backyards of different social classes. We have quantified and compared plant diversity in the backyards of two neighborhoods in the metropolitan region of Maringá - RMM (Paraná, Brazil), namely, Jardim Bom Pastor and Zona 02, by identifying species and by calculating diversity indices and bivariate correlations. The diversity standards are markedly different when compared the neighborhoods, and therefore we have set some guidelines for planning, with the goal of increasing the presence of woody vegetation, and contribute to the conservation of biodiversity, including the conservation of plant species at risk of extinction, in the backyards of the RMM.Keywords: urban ecology; homegardens; urbanization; biodiversity
A estiva se diverte: organizações recreativas dos trabalhadores do porto carioca nas primeiras décadas do século XX
Authors: Bastos Arantes Erika
Published: June 2016

Os primeiros anos do século são marcados por uma intensa atividade associativa dos trabalhadores. Essas associações, que podiam ser as mais diversas, certamente contribuíram de alguma forma para que os trabalhadores se identificassem como parte de um mesmo mundo e se reconhecessem como trabalhadores. No entanto, até bem pouco tempo a historiografia tendeu a observar apenas as associações que previam a luta operária, como os sindicatos. Analisando o caso dos trabalhadores do porto do Rio de janeiro, este artigo tem por objetivo investigar outras formas de organização operária, mais especificamente, as de cunho recreativo, como as sociedades carnavalescas, os clubes dançantes, ranchos etc. Buscarei aqui demonstrar a diversidade associativa daqueles trabalhadores, chamando a aten- ção para o fato de que identidades múltiplas — percebidas na diversidade das organizações — não impediam uma identidade de classe
A influência do comércio exterior na configuração da hierarquia portuária no Senegal: processos de concentração e exclusão na periferia da economia global (1880-1939)
Authors: Castillo Hidalgo Daniel
Published: June 2016

As cidades portuárias do Sul Global foram elementos-chave na introdução de seus hinterlands nos fluxos econômicos da globaliza- ção desde o último terço do século XIX. No caso do Senegal, a tendência é similar, revelando como a hierarquia urbana se deslocou para os portos oceânicos, expressando o maior grau de extroversão econômica. A evolução do comércio exterior da colônia marcou os movimentos nas hierarquias urbanas, unidos ao desenvolvimento das infraestruturas de transporte. Este artigo analisa as mudanças no sistema portuário senegalês entre 1880 e 1939, período durante o qual se consolidaram as estruturas econômicas coloniais. Neste modelo, Dakar jogou um papel essencial como eixo marítimo e comercial do hinterland, atendendo a fatores de desenvolvimento e evolução (locais-globais) interconectado
“Turn to pollute”: poluição atmosférica e modelo de desenvolvimento no “milagre” brasileiro (1967-1973)
Authors: Horta Duarte Regina
Published: June 2016

Em 1972, durante a Conferência de Estocolmo, a oposição do Brasil às propostas de regulamentação ambiental despertou fortes críticas internacionais. Este artigo discute as conexões entre a ditadura civil-militar, o milagre econômico e a política ambiental brasileira entre 1967 e 1973, com foco na poluição atmosférica. Como outros países latino-americanos, o Brasil enfrentava dilemas entre desenvolvimento e qualidade ambiental. Algumas instituições propuseram soluções diversas para o tema, como Cepal e Redpanaire, ambas agências das Nações Unidas na América Latina. A polêmica da poluição atmosférica explicita as contradições do regime civil-militar brasileiro, que justificava a poluição como meio para o desenvolvimento e a luta contra a pobreza ao mesmo tempo em que adotava políticas que resultaram em concentração de riqueza. Enquanto o poder de compra e a qualidade de vida das elites cresciam rapidamente, a maioria da população brasileira experimentou altas taxas de mortalidade infantil, más condições de saúde, ambientes degradados e significativas perdas salariais. A ditadura deixou para o Brasil um duplo legado de aprofundamento da desigualdade social e da degradação ambiental
As diferentes facetas da Penitência
Authors: Santos Pereira Farrell Elaine Cristine dos
Published: June 2016

Resenha
A viagem brasileira de Lorenz Simon
Authors: Ferreira Miranda Bruno Romero , Teensma Benjamin Nicolaas
Published: June 2016

Esse texto apresenta o relato de viagem escrito por Lorenz Simon, que esteve no Brasil entre os anos de 1641 e 1654. Além de inserir sua trajetória e seu texto no contexto mais amplo – a migração de mão-de-obra estrangeira para a República Neerlandesa, sua transmigração para os territórios coloniais e o mercado editorial europeu –, oferecemos a tradução integral e comentada do referido panfleto para o português
Imagética de Vasos Gregos
Authors: Carneiro Cerqueira Lima Alexandre
Published: June 2016

Apresentação do Dossiê “Imagética dos Vasos Gregos”
Entre cartas e livros: a livraria real e a escrita do bibliotecário Luís Joaquim dos Santos Marrocos no período joanino (1808-1821)
Authors: Conceição Adriana Angelita da , Gesuelli Meirelles Juliana
Published: June 2016

Entre livros e cartas, a história do império luso-brasileiro passou por profundas mudanças no início d’Oitocentos. O Rio de Janeiro tornou-se a sede da monarquia com a chegada da corte em 1808. O bibliotecário Luís Joaquim dos Santos Marrocos viu sua vida transformar-se ao acompanhar a segunda leva de livros da Real Biblioteca d’Ajuda para a América. Ele atuou na estruturação da Real Biblioteca do Rio de Janeiro, pensada como um locus de saber. Nesse contexto, estudaremos a correspondência ativa de Marrocos escrita entre 1811 e 1821 pelas seguintes perspectivas: a historicidade da Real Biblioteca; a relação de Marrocos com a escrita ; as sociabilidades individuais e coletivas desse momento; as relações políticas nas quais estava inserido e a interlocução com seu pai, Francisco José dos Santos Marrocos; a conservação deste acervo epistolar. Nossa proposta é analisar tais cartas como tema e objeto de pesquisa para refletirmos sobre a escrita das relações políticas e culturais do império luso-brasileiro
Final feliz para um filme natural: Trem da Serra, poema da integração brasileira
Authors: Murari Luciana
Published: June 2016

Este artigo aborda o livro de poemas modernistas Trem da Serra, publicado por Ernani Fornari em 1928. Seu tema é uma viagem de trem de Porto Alegre a Caxias do Sul, no Rio Grande do Sul, expondo o efeito da imigração na região, e defendendo a miscigenação como forma de incorporação das influ- ências estrangeiras à cultura nacional. São citados textos de autores como Graça Aranha, Monteiro Lobato, João Pinto da Silva e Plínio Salgado para demonstrar a importância do tema no debate sobre a cultura brasileira e a assimilação das influências estrangeiras nos últimos anos da década de 1920.
Entre a memória e a História: o Cebrap e os 50 anos do Golpe Civil-Militar
Authors: Carloni Karla
Published: June 2016

Resenha
On High-Performance Airfoil at Very Low Reynolds Number
Authors: Hirata Katsuya ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Doshisha University, Nozawa Ryo , Kondo Shogo , Onishi Kazuki , Tanigawa Hirochika ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Maizuru College
Published: June 2016

[abstFig src='/00280003/02.jpg' width=""300"" text='Iso-Q surfaces of very-slow flow past an iNACA0015' ] The airfoil is often used as the elemental device for flying/swimming robots, determining its basic performances. However, most of the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil have been investigated at Reynolds numbersRe’s more than 106. On the other hand, our knowledge is not enough in low Reynolds-number ranges, in spite of the recent miniaturisation of robots. In the present study, referring to our previous findings (Hirata et al., 2011), we numerically examine three kinds of high-performance airfoils proposed for very-low Reynolds numbers; namely, an iNACA0015 (the NACA0015 placed back to front), an FPBi (a flat plate blended with iNACA0015 as its upper half) and an FPBN (a flat plate blended with the NACA0015 as its upper half), in comparison with such basic airfoils as a NACA0015 and an FP (a flat plate), at a Reynolds numberRe= 1.0 × 102using two- and three-dimensional computations. As a result, the FPBi shows the best performance among the five kinds of airfoils.
Trial Production of Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft Based on Tricopter
Authors: Hayama Kiyoteru ,   National Institute of Technology, Kumamoto College, Kumamoto Campus, Irie Hiroki ,   National Institute of Technology, Kumamoto College, Yatsushiro Campus
Published: June 2016

[abstFig src='/00280003/06.jpg' width=""155"" text='Prototype of proposed aircraft' ] Trial production has begun on tricopter-based new-concept vertical take-off and landing aircraft (VTOL). The VTOL features three fixed-angle motors on a reversed-T shape body and a fixed wing with an elevon and a rudder. The proposed craft uses fewer components than quadcopter-based VTOL craft. Continuous transition from rotorcraft to fixed-wing craft is completed with the craft’s 90° tilt.
Development of a Small Size Underwater Robot for Observing Fisheries Resources – Underwater Robot for Assisting Abalone Fishing –
Authors: Takagi Motoki ,   Iwate University, Mori Hayato , Yimit Adiljan , Hagihara Yoshihiro , Miyoshi Tasuku
Published: June 2016

[abstFig src='/00280003/16.jpg' width=""155"" text='Overview of a small size underwater robot' ] In abalone fishing with spearing, size of abalone which was allowed to catch is strictly controlled in Japanese law. Therefore, fisherman usually judge size by observing from a boat. However, this is difficult, due to aging. Therefore, we have been developing an underwater robot to assist fisherman in determining abalone size by using a stereo camera. The robot is small size and uses 6 thrusters to achieve 5 DOF motion in an underwater environment.
Gait and Posture Analysis Method Based on Genetic Algorithm and Support Vector Machines with Acceleration Data
Authors: Gou Huan ,   School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Shi Tengda , Yan Lei , Xiao Jiang
Published: June 2016

[abstFig src='/00280003/18.jpg' width=""300"" text='The result of parameters optimization by GA' ] The support vector machine (SVM) we propose for automated gait and posture recognition is based on acceleration. Acceleration data are obtained from four accelerators attached to the human thigh and lower leg. In the experiment, volunteers take part in four gaits and postures, i.e., sitting, standing, walking and ascending stairs. Acceleration data that are preprocessed include normalization, a wavelet filter and dimension reduction. We used the SVM and a neural network to analyze the data processed. Simulation results indicate that SVM parametersCandgselected by a genetic algorithm (GA) are more effective for gait and posture analysis when compared to the parameterCandgselected by a grid search. The overall classification precision of the four gaits and postures exceeds 90.0%, and neural network simulation results indicate that the SVM using the GA is preferable for use in analysis.
A Study on Financial Analysis of Indian Leather Exports
Authors: Saranya Dr. B. , Kavitha Dr. V.
Published: June 2016

The history of leather tanning in India dates back to 3000 BC.  Tanning in the rural areas is done by indigenous techniques, making the use of this material easier. The most popular Indian leather products include footwear and hand bags. The footwear comes in various designs of traditional embroidery, brocade of textile. Bright colors and unique designs are used. The all time favorite- Kolhapur chapels of Maharashtra are very soft and very comfortable to wear. A special type of thickest shoes, called mojadis is designed in Rajasthan. They are decorated with silk, beads and metal embroidery. Jaipur is famous for its fancy and sophisticated footwear.   Hence, a study on financial analysis of Indian leather exports are very important in the present day scenario, and hence this study.
IDENTIFIKASI PARASIT PADA IKAN TONGKOL (Euthynnus affinis) DI TEMPAT PELELANGAN IKAN LHOKNGA ACEH BESAR (Identification of Parasites in Mackerel (Euthynnus affinis) at Fish Auction in Lhoknga Aceh Besar)
Authors: Hidayati Nurul , Bakri Muttaqien , Rusli Rusli , Fahrimal Yudha , Hambal Muhammad , Daud Razali
Published: June 2016

The objective of this study was to identify parasites that infect mackerel fish (Euthynnus affinis) at fish auction in Lhoknga, Aceh Besar. Fifteen mackerel fish collected from fish auction in Lhoknga were examined at Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Syiah Kuala University Banda Aceh to observe the presence of ectoparasites and endoparasites. The ectoparasite examination was conducted by observation of the external body part and then examined under microscope, while endoparasite examination conducted by observation of inner surface of digestive tract. The data showed that two types parasites infested the mackerel fish at fish auction in Lhoknga were Anisakis simplex and Neobenedia melleni. A total of 87% mackerel fish was infested with A. simplex and 7% was infested with N. melleni.
GAMBARAN HISTOLOGI KELENJAR INTESTINAL PADA DUODENUM AYAM KAMPUNG (Gallus domesticus), MERPATI (Columba domesticus) DAN BEBEK (Anser anser domesticus)(Histological Feature of Intestinal Glands of Native Chicken (Gallus domesticus), Pigeon (Columba domesticus), and Duck (Anser anser domesticus))
Authors: Zainuddin Zainuddin , Masyita Dian , Sarayulis Sarayulis , Jalaluddin M. , Rahmi Erdiansyah , Nasution Idawati
Published: June 2016

The aim of this research was to observe intestinal glands histology of duodenum from native chicken, pigeon, and duck. Samples used are duodenum from 3 native chickens, 3 pigeons, and 3 ducks with undifferentiated of sex and weight. Fowl was slaughtered, duodenum were taken out then proceeded for histology method using parraffination and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Histological observation include the density and morphology of intestinal glands. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the intestinal glands histology differ among native chicken, pigeon, and duck but the morphology of intestinal gland was similar that was simple tubular. The number of intestinal glands in native chicken and pigeon almost similar and found in high density but lower than that found in pigeon. This difference assumed to be correlated with type and concentration of feed.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN BANDOTAN (Ageratum Conyzoides) TERHADAP BERAT KARKAS DAN LEMAK ABDOMINAL AYAM BROILER (Effect of Ageratum conyzoides Leaf Extract Administration on Carcass Weight and Abdominal Fat of Broilers)
Authors: Lingga Harizqi Fatwa , Sulasmi Sulasmi , Armansyah Teuku , Aisyah Siti , Ismail Ismail , Panjaitan Budianto , Razali Razali
Published: June 2016

This study was aimed to determine effect of bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) leaf extract on the carcass weight and abdominal fat of broiler. A total of 15 chicken with the age of twenty five days old were used in this study and allotted into 3 groups with 5 chickens per groups. Broiler in group P0 (as a control) were not given bandotan leaf extract,whereas broiler in group 1 (P1) and group 2 (P2) was given 3 ml and 5 ml of bandotan leaf extract, respectively. The extract was orally given once daily for 5 consecutive days. Results of analysis of variance (Anova) showed that bandotan leaf extract did not significantly (P0.05) affect carcass weight and abdominal fat of broiler. The average percentage of carcass weight in groups P0, P1, dan P2 were 73.30±3.54, 71.80±3.06, and 70.33±9.18%, respectively and the average percentage of abdominal fat in group P0, P1, dan P2 were 1.99±0.68, 2.30±0.46, amd 1.96±0.18%, respectively. Based on these results it can be concluded that bandotan leaf extract could not increase carcass weight and reduce abdominal fat of broilers.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA INTENSITAS ESTRUS DENGAN KONSENTRASI ESTRADIOL PADA SAPI ACEH PADA SAAT INSEMINASI (Relation between Estrous Intensity and Estradiol Concentration on Local Cattle during Insemination)
Authors: Ramli Mauridatun , Siregar Tongku Nizwan , Thasmi Cut Nila , Dasrul Dasrul , Wahyuni Sri , Sayuti Arman
Published: June 2016

This study aims to determine the relationship between the intensity of estrus and estradiol concentrations during insemination on local cattle. Ten cows were divided into two groups with each group consist of five cows with category: aged 5-8 years, weight 150-250 kg, clinically healthy, and not pregnant. Plasma samples for examination of the hormone estradiol concentrations were collected during insemination time from jugular vein. Prior to the collection of plasma samples, whole cow were estrus synchronized using prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) and Ovsynch protocol. The PGF2α were injected twice at intervals of 11 days. Examination of estradiol hormone concentration was performed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using estradiol commercial kits. The results of this study indicate that statistically there is no relationship between estrous intensity and estradiol concentration.
TOTAL BAKTERI PSIKOTROPIK IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) YANG DIBERI PENINGKATAN SUHU PADA SAAT PEMELIHARAAN (Total of Phsycotrophic Bacteria of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Reared in High Water Temperature)
Authors: Kamal Safni , Nurliana Nurliana , Jamin Faisal , Sulasmi Sulasmi , Hamny Hamny , Fakhrurrazi Fakhrurrazi
Published: June 2016

This research aimed to calculate the number of phsycotrophic bacteria of nile tilapia reared in increased water temperature. For this purpose, 12 nile tilapias with body weight of 35-40 g were randomly allotted into 2 treatments groups with 3 replications. Fish in group 1 (P1) was reared in normal temperature (29±1° C) and group II (P2) was reared in high water temperature (35±1 C). All fish were fed commercial diet 3 times a day for 21 consecutive days. T-test analysis revealed a significant decrease in number of psychotropic bacteria (P0.01) in group P2. Total plate count (TPC) resulted in fish gills, intestinal, and muscle were 1.5×10³, 7.7x10³, and 9.7x10³ cfu/g respectively. In conclusion, increasing of water temperature reduce the number of phsycotrophic bacteria of nile tilapia.
PENGARUH UMUR TERHADAP PENJANTANAN LARVA IKAN LELE DUMBO (Clarias gariepinus) YANG DIRENDAM MENGGUNAKAN HORMON METIL TESTOTERON ALAMI (The Influence of Age on Masculinization of Clarias gariepinus Larvae Immersed by Methyl Testosterone Natural Hormone)
Authors: Mulia Hattanul , Rosmaidar Rosmaidar , Dasrul Dasrul , Aliza Dwinna , Masyitha Dian , Sugito Sugito
Published: June 2016

This research aims to examines the influence of age on masculinization of Clarias gariepinus larvae immersed by methyl testosterone (MT) natural hormone. This research used 270 catfish larvae divided into 3 groups of age those are 5, 10, and 20 days. The research implemented complete random design (CRD). Immersion was performed using methyl testosterone hormone at the dose of 0.25 g/L for 20 hours. Observation of fish was done after 60 day-old fish. Data obtained was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance The average percentages of male-sex catfish after immersing in natural MT on group I, II, and III were 97.67, 91.07, and 86.67%, respectively. The results showed that the age of the larvae did not affect significantly (P0.05) on the percentage of male sex of Clarias gariepinus. The average percentage of male sex in 5 days age group was higher than 10 and 20 days age group. In conclusion, the masculinization of Clarias gariepinus larva immersed by MT natural hormone is not influenced by age of fish before dipping.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG JALOH (Salix tetrasperma Roxb) DAN SERBUK DAUN SINGKONG (Manihot esculenta Crantz) TERHADAP PERTAMBAHAN BOBOT BADAN AYAM BROILER (Effect of Willow (Salix tetrasperma Roxb) Bark Extract and Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Leaf Powder Supplementation on Weight Gain of Broiler Chickens)
Authors: Harfinda Hanum , Rinidar Rinidar , Armansyah T. , Sugito Sugito , Sabri Mustafa , Winaruddin Winaruddin
Published: June 2016

This study’s purpose is to determine the effect of supplementation of willow bark extract (1000 mg/L) in drinking water and 15% cassava leaf powder in feed on broiler weight gain. This study was designed using completely randomized design (CRD) in which 20 broiler chickens were divided into four treatment groups with five broiler per each treatment. Control group (P0) was only given commercial feed, P1 (commercial feed + cassava leaf powder), P2 (commercial feed + willow bark extract), and P3 (commercial feed + cassava leaf powder and willow bark extract). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and followed by Duncan test. The results showed that P2 significantly different (P0.01) compare to P0 and P3, and different (P0.05) from P1. Group P1 was different (P0.05) from group P3, but P3 showed no significant different (P0.05) to P0 on weight gain. whereas feed intake was similar among treatments, however food conversion was differ among treatments. In conclusion, combination of willow bark extract and cassava leaf powder could not increase broiler chickens weight gain.
TINJAUAN ASPEK KESEJAHTERAAN HEWAN PADA SAPI YANG DIPOTONG DI RUMAH PEMOTONGAN HEWAN KOTAMADYA BANDA ACEH (Study of the Animal Welfare Aspect on Cattle Slaughtered in Slaughter house in Banda Aceh)
Authors: Bhaskara Yudha , Adam Mulyadi , Nasution Idawati , Lubis Triva Murtina , Armansyah Teuku , Hasan Muhammad
Published: June 2016

This study was conducted to obtain the information about animal welfare on cattle slaughtered in Slaughterhouse in Banda Aceh. The animal welfare parameter was observed related to the transport aspect, shelter aspect, and slaughter aspect. The three aspects compared to the recommendation of Meat Livestock Australia (MLA) and Indonesian National Standard 02-4509-1998. Method used to determine the animal welfare was scoring evaluation. The result of study showed that transport aspect get 20 score with a percentage of 50% which categorized as sufficient. Shelter aspect get 33 score with percentage of 82,5% which categorized as good, and slaughter aspect get 32 score with percentage of 80% which categorized as good. Based on scoring evaluation of shelter aspect and slaughter aspect, the animal welfare of cattle slaughtered in Slaughter house in Banda Aceh is considered good, meanwhile the transport aspect is considered sufficient.Key words: animal welfare, cattle, slaughterhouse
JUMLAH ERITROSIT DAN NILAI HEMATOKRIT SAPI ACEH DAN SAPI BALI DI KECAMATAN LEUMBAH SEULAWAH KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR (Total Erythrocytes Count and Haematocrit Value of Aceh and Bali Cattle in Leumbah Seulawah, Aceh Besar)
Authors: Adam Mulyadi , Lubis Triva Murtina , Abdyad Baradillah , Asmilia Nuzul , Muttaqien Muttaqien , Fakhrurrazi Fakhrurrazi
Published: June 2016

The aim of this research was to find out total erythrocytes count and hematocrit value of aceh and bali cattle in Leumbah Seulawah, Aceh Besar. Ten aceh cattle (5 males and 5 females with the age of 2.5-3.0 years) and ten bali cattle (5 males and 5 females aged 2.5-3.0 years) from Leumbah Seulawah, Aceh Besar were used in this research. Blood samples approximately 3 cc were collected by venoject through jugular vein. Erythrocyte counts were performed using a hemocytometer and hematocrit value were performed by microhematocrit method. The average of erythrocyte counts of male and female aceh cattle were 7.75 ±1.86 and 7.34±0.73 (106/mm3) respectively, while male and female bali cattle were 5.49±0.88 and 4.89±0.53 (106/mm3) respectively. Hematocrit value of male and female aceh cattle were 32.8±3.70 dan 32.6±207% respectively, while male and female bali cattle were 27.4±3.00 and 25.8±1.30% respectively. In conclusion, erythrocytes count and hematocrit value of aceh cattle show significant difference (P0.01) from bali cattle.Key words: erythrocytes, hematocrit, aceh cattle, bali cattle
CEMARAN Staphylococcus aureus PADA DAGING SAPI YANG DIPASARKAN DI PASAR TRADISIONAL KOTA BANDA ACEH (Staphylococcus aureus Contamination in Beef from Traditional Markets in Banda Aceh)
Authors: Danubrata Jhon Leo , Fakhrurrazi Fakhrurrazi , Dewi Maryulia , Sulasmi Sulasmi , Jamin Faisal , Armansyah TR T. , Nurliana Nurliana
Published: June 2016

This research aimed to determine the total amount of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) contamination in beef sold in traditional market in Banda Aceh. Total of 16 beef samples were used in this research, 2 samples from Beurawe market, 10 samples from Peunayong market, and 4 samples from Seutui market. Samples were cultured on manitol salt agar. The number of S. aureus colonies was calculated using colony counter, and the result was compared to the limit of microbial contamination based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The result of this research showed that the highest level of S. aureus contamination was derived from Beurawe market. It is concluded that all beef sold by seller from traditional market in Banda Aceh were contaminated by S. aureus.Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, meat, traditional market, number of contamination
AKURASI PERKIRAAN POPULASI ANJING LIAR SEBAGAI RISIKO HEWAN PENULAR RABIES DI EMPAT KECAMATAN KOTA BANDA ACEH MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE APSP (The Estimation Accuracy of Stray Dogs Population as a Risk of Rabies Transmission in Four Sub-District of Banda Aceh Using APSP Software)
Authors: Affandi Syehaffer Wahyudi , Ferasyi Teuku Reza , Nurliana Nurliana , Manaf Zakiah Heryawati , Sulasmi Sulasmi , Razali Razali
Published: June 2016

This study aimed to test the estimation accuracy of stray dogs population using video camera equipped with software of animal perception of seismic phenomena (APSP) and manually observation which counting the number of biting cases by rabies-risk animals (RRA) in four sub-districts of Banda Aceh (grouped as highest and lowest reported biting cases). This study was conducted by direct observation and counting the number of stray dogs around rubbish bin at night (10.00-12.00 pm) in each sub-district, the counting was repeated 3 times at the same time on different day. The data was analyzed using world society for the protection of animals (WSPA) methods. Overall, the results showed that the number of stray dogs around rubbish bin in four sub-districts were highest based on manual counting method as compared to counting by using video camera equipped with APSP software. The numbers of stray dogs were high in the sub-districts with higher reported bitting cases by RRA. As conclusion, counting of stray dogs by using manual methods is still more reliable than using video camera equipped with APSP software.Key words: rabies, stray dogs, population, software APSP
GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGIS HATI TIKUS (Rattus novergicus) YANG DIINFEKSI Trypanosoma evansi SETELAH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG JALOH (Salix tetrasperma Roxb) (Histopathological Changes of Rat (Rattus novergicus) Liver Infected with Trypanosoma evansi and Treated with Willow Tree Bark Extract (Salix tetrasperma Roxb))
Authors: Fahmi Mulya , Fahrimal Yudha , Aliza Dwinna , Aisyah Siti , Budiman Hamdani , Hambal Muhammad
Published: June 2016

This research aimed to determine the effect of willow (Salix tetrasperma Roxb) tree bark extract on histopathological changes of liver of rat (Rattus novergicus) infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Liver of 25 male rat, Wistar strain, were used in this study and all rat were fed with commercial feed ad libitum. This research used completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments, each treatment consisted of 5 replicates. Treatment I was negative control group without any treatment, treatment II were only infected with 103 T. evansi, treatment III, IV, and V were infected with 103 T. evansi and treated with willow tree bark extract with the dose of 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg bw, respectively. The administration of willow tree bark extract was carried out for 3 consecutive days orally using a stomach tube. All rats were sacrificed and necropsied then liver were collected for histopathological examination. Percentage of histophatological changes found in hepatocytes of rat infected with T. evansi after the administration of willow tree bark extract in group P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5 were: normal hepatocytes 96.28%; 0.00%; 8.06%; 40.61%; and 0.00%; hydropic degeneration 0.00%, 44.98%, 58.00%, 38.29%, and 35.04%; fatty degeneration 0.00%, 0.00%, 0.00%, 0.00%, and 8.76%; necrosis 3.72%, 55.02%, 33.94%, 21.10%, and 56.20, respectively. In conclusion, the administration of willow tree bark extract is able to protect rat’s liver from T. evansi infection and the dose of 45 mg/kg bw is more effective than 30 mg/kg bw but the dose of 60 mg/kg bw of willow tree bark extract worsen the liver damage.Key words: histopathology, liver, T. evansi, willow
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG JALOH TERHADAP GAMBARAN MIKROSKOPIS GINJAL TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus novergicus) YANG DIINFEKSI (Trypanosoma evansi The Effect of Wilow Bark Ekstract Administration on Microscopic Feature of Male Rats (Rattus novergicus) Kidney Infected with Trypanosoma evansi)
Authors: Nurdiniyah Nurdiniyah , Nazaruddin Nazaruddin , Sugito Sugito , Salim M Nur , Fahrimal Yudha , Aisyah Siti
Published: June 2016

The aims of this study was to examine the ability of willow bark extract to prevent kidney tissue damage from T. evansi infection. This study used 25 rats which were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups, each groups consisted of 5 rats. Rats in control group (K0) were not infected with T. evansi and without administration of willow bark extract. Group 1 (P1) was infected with 103/0,3 ml of T. evansi without willow bark extract administration. Group 2, 3, and 4 were infected with 103/0.3 ml T. evansi and received willow bark extract at dose of 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg bw, respectively. Willow bark extract were administered for 3 days consecutively. On day 4, the rats were sacrificed using chloroform and the kidneys were collected for histopathological examination. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the administration of willow bark extract at doses of 30 and 45 mg/kg bw were able to prevent damage of tubule cells and glomerular renal, while the administration of 60 mg/kg bw resulted in kidney damage, indicated by necrosis in tubular glomerular cells. It could be concluded that willow bark extract at doses of 30 and 45 mg/kg bw were effective to prevent tissue damage in kidneys.Key words: kidneys, willow, Trypanosoma evansi
Stapedoplasty – Surgical Treatment of Hearing Loss Caused by Otosclerosis
Authors: Šaboviča Jeļena , Klagiša Renāta
Published: June 2016

Otosclerosis is a primary osteodystrophy which affects a localized area within the human temporal bone. Hearing loss is the most functional deficit caused by otosclerosis. However, tinnitus is frequently reported by otosclerotic patients, especially in those patients with inner ear involvement. The best therapy in achieving a significant improvement is surgery - stapedoplasty. Analysis of early hearing results (1 month after surgery) shows efficiency of surgical treatment and improvement in hearing.
Incidence of vaccine preventable diseases in pediatric population of Latvia
Authors: Klagiša Renāta , Meiere Anija
Published: June 2016

Childhood and adolescent immunizations are one of the most effective means of preventing such serious diseases as diphtheria, pertussis, rubella etc. These infectious diseases are termed as vaccine preventable diseases because vaccination continues to be the most effective strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality from these diseases. Despite this, immunization is an emotional issue for many parents. As vaccine preventable diseases become less common and parents have little familiarity with the devastating effects of vaccine preventable illnesses, the benefits of immunization may seem less important than the potential adverse effects.
Analysis of the opportunities of social inclusion of children from families at social risk in communities
Authors: Alifanovienė Daiva , Šapelytė Odeta , Bėčiūtė Nomeda
Published: June 2016

The article deals with the opportunities of social inclusion of children from families at social risk attending children’s day care centres into community life, social educational and cultural activity, volunteering. The article presents the analysis of a qualitative semi-structured interview. Performing target content analysis of the experiences of the professionals of children’s day care centres (N=10) the main directions of social inclusion of the members of families at risk and their realization opportunities from the aspect of the subjective opinion of the professionals revealing current situation and predicting possible demands are emphasized
Adapt‐N Outperforms Grower‐Selected Nitrogen Rates in Northeast and Midwestern United States Strip Trials
Authors: Sela S. , van Es H. M. , Moebius‐Clune B. N. , Marjerison R. , Melkonian J. , Moebius‐Clune D. , Schindelbeck R. , Gomes S.
Published: June 2016

Maize (Zea mays L.) production accounts for the largest share of crop land area in the United States and is the largest consumer of nitrogen (N) fertilizers. Routine application of N fertilizer in excess of crop demand has led to well‐documented environmental problems and social costs. Current N rate recommendation tools are highly generalized over space and time and therefore do not allow for precision N management through adaptive and site‐specific approaches. Adapt‐N is a computational tool that combines soil, crop, and management information with near–real‐time weather data to estimate optimum N application rates for maize. We evaluated this precision nutrient management tool during four growing seasons (2011 through 2014) with 113 on‐farm strip trials in Iowa and New York. Each trial included yield results from replicated field‐scale plots involving two sidedress N rate treatments: Adapt‐N–estimated and grower‐selected (conventional). Adapt‐N rates were on average 53 and 31 kg ha−1 lower than Grower rates for New York and Iowa, respectively (−34% overall), with no statistically significant difference in yields. On average, Adapt‐N rates increased grower profits by $65 ha−1 and reduced simulated environmental N losses by 28 kg ha−1 (38%). Profits from Adapt‐N rates were noticeably higher under wet early‐season conditions when higher N rate recommendations than the Grower rates prevented yield losses from N deficiencies. In conclusion, Adapt‐N recommendations resulted in both increased grower profits and decreased environmental N losses by accounting for variable site and weather conditions.

Core Ideas

A dynamic, process‐based, high‐resolution N management tool is presented.

The tool's adaptive nutrient management reduces applied N and increases profit compared with Grower practice.

Site‐specific N recommendations reduce environmental losses.

Compelling use of cloud computing technology can increase adoption of the tool by growers.
Quantifying a Daily Light Integral for Establishment of Warm‐Season Cultivars on Putting Greens
Authors: Hodges B.P. , Baldwin C.M. , Stewart B. , Tomaso‐Peterson M. , McCurdy J.D. , Blythe E.K. , Philley H.W.
Published: June 2016

A major constraint for successful ultradwarf bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy] putting green establishment is a reduced‐light environment (RLE) because of the overall poor shade tolerance of bermudagrass. Currently, no research studies have determined the light requirement for warm‐season putting green cultivar establishment. Research was conducted to determine a daily light integral (DLI) requirement for successful bermudagrass and zoysiagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.] putting green establishment. This field trial was initiated in June 2013 and repeated in 2014 at the Foil Plant Science Research Center in Starkville, MS. Four bermudagrass cultivars (Champion, TifEagle, MiniVerde, and MSB‐285) and one zoysiagrass cultivar (Diamond) were established under full sunlight (control) and under 30, 55, and 80% full‐day shade (reduction of total light) using a neutral density, polyfiber black shade cloth. Daily light integrals averaged across both years resulted in a DLI of 42.26, 31.92, 22.04, and 13.48 mol m−2 d−1 for full sunlight and 30, 55, and 80% shade treatments, respectively. Based on the dose–response curves, the DLI requirements to reach a mean predicted cover of 70% for Champion, Diamond, MiniVerde, MSB‐285, and TifEagle were 27.1, 42.3, 28.1, 38.2, and 30.1 mol m−2 d−1, respectively. Although Diamond is a shade‐tolerant cultivar, its high light requirement noted in this study likely is due to previously reported slow establishment rates. The predicted DLIs generated from this research can assist a golf course superintendent's decision‐making regarding altering the light environment in locations where these putting green cultivars will be established.
High Temperatures around Flowering in Maize: Effects on Photosynthesis and Grain Yield in Three Genotypes
Authors: Neiff Nicolás , Trachsel Samuel , Valentinuz Oscar R. , Balbi Celsa N. , Andrade Fernando H.
Published: June 2016

To aid breeding for heat‐tolerant germplasm we analyzed the effects of high temperatures on the CO2 exchange rate (CER), crop growth rate (CGR), kernel number (KN), and grain yield (GY) in a 30‐d period bracketing flowering. Field experiments, including three maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids with temperate (Te), tropical (Tr) and temperate × tropical (Tx) adaptation were performed in two experiments (Exp. 1 and 2). Hybrids were subjected to high temperatures induced by shelters during a 15‐d period before (H1; preflowering) or after silking (H2; postflowering). Crop growth rate was measured during the 30‐d period bracketing silking (CGRCP), H1 (CGRPRE), and H2 (CGRPOST). Relative to nonstressed conditions, CER was reduced by 17 and 16% in H1 and H2. Moreover, CER was associated with CGRCP (r = 0.78; p ≤ 0.001), CGRPRE (r = 0.39; p ≤ 0.05), CGRPOST (r = 0.51; p ≤ 0.01), KN (Exp. 1, r = 0.53; p ≤ 0.01; Exp. 2, r = 0.49; p ≤ 0.01), and GY (Exp. 1, r = 0.59; p ≤ 0.01; Exp. 2, r = 0.46; p ≤ 0.05). As a result of heat stress, CGRCP (H1, −17%; H2, −29%), KN (H1, −7%; H2, −45%), and GY (H1, −10%; H2, −45%) were reduced relative to the control treatment. Stronger reductions for all traits in H2 relative to H1 emphasize the importance of sufficient CER during this period. The effect of high temperature on CER differed among hybrids (Tx > Te = Tr) and is promising for future germplasm screening.
Farmer Participatory Early‐Generation Yield Testing of Sorghum in West Africa: Possibilities to Optimize Genetic Gains for Yield in Farmers’ Fields
Authors: Rattunde H. Frederick W. , Michel Sebastian , Leiser Willmar L. , Piepho Hans‐Peter , Diallo Chiaka , Brocke Kirsten vom , Diallo Bocar , Haussmann Bettina I. G. , Weltzien Eva
Published: June 2016

The effectiveness of on‐farm and/or on‐station early generation yield testing was examined to maximize the genetic gains for sorghum yield under smallholder famer production conditions in West Africa. On‐farm first‐stage yield trials (augmented design, 150 genotypes with subsets of 50 genotypes tested per farmer) and second‐stage yield trials (replicated α‐lattice design, 21 test genotypes) were conducted, as well as on‐station α‐lattice first‐ and second‐stage trials under contrasting phosphorous conditions. On‐farm testing was effective, with yield showing significant genetic variance and acceptable heritabilities (0.56 in first‐ and 0.61 to 0.83 in second‐stage trials). Predicted genetic gains from on‐station yield trials were always less than from direct testing on‐farm, although on‐station trials under low‐phosphorus and combined over multiple environments improved selection efficiencies. Modeling alternative designs for on‐farm yield testing (augmented, farmer‐as‐incomplete‐block, multiple lattice, and augmented p‐rep) indicated that acceptable heritabilities (0.57 to 0.65) could be obtained with all designs for testing 150 progenies in 20 trials and 75 plots per farmer. Ease of implementation and risk of errors would thus be key criteria for choice of design. Integrating results from on‐station and on‐farm yield testing appeared beneficial as progenies selected both by on‐farm and on‐station first‐stage trials showed higher on‐farm yields in second‐stage testing.
A Simple, Gravimetric Method to Quantify Inorganic Carbon in Calcareous Soils
Authors: Rodriguez Juan B. , Self James R. , Arriaga Francisco J.
Published: June 2016

Core Ideas

A carbonate meter that measures inorganic C in calcareous soils was assembled.

A technique was developed to determine inorganic C in calcareous soils using the meter.

The carbonate meter is simple and can be easily assembled in any soil testing lab.

The carbonate meter gravimetric method is easy, with good precision and accuracy.

The carbonate meter method is more efficient than the pressure transducer method.

Total C (TC) in calcareous soils has two components: inorganic C (IC) and organic C (OC). The IC must be measured and subtracted from the TC to obtain OC. Our objective was to develop a simple gravimetric technique to quantify IC. This technique, named the carbonate meter (CM), can be assembled in any soil testing laboratory with a 6‐mL glass vial, a no. 1 rubber stopper with one hole, a 6.5‐cm glass tube with 0.5‐ and 0.3‐cm outside and inside diameters, respectively, and a 50‐mL Erlenmeyer flask. Precision and recovery was tested with 0.728 and 2.57% IC standard calcareous soils and pure calcite and dolomite, using 0.2000 ± 0.0200 g of finely ground samples and 4.0 mL of fresh 4 mol L−1HCl–3% FeCl2⋅ 4H2O. Twelve US calcareous soils with 0.11 to 8.52% IC were used to validate our CM procedure. Inorganic C recoveries after 22 to 24 h for two standard calcareous soils, calcite, and dolomite were 100.55, 99.73, 100.45, and 99.58%, respectively. The detection limit (DL) and the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) for calcite were 0.31 and 1.0 g IC kg−1, respectively. The DL and the LLOQ for dolomite were 0.42 and 1.4 g IC kg−1, respectively. Mean IC recovery with a modified pressure calcimeter (MPC) in reference standards was 56.42%, while the CM recovery was 100.84%. The MPC loses accuracy in calcareous soils with >5.11% IC, whereas the CM had good recoveries up to 8.40% IC. The CM does not require pre‐analysis, it is easy, non‐tedious, and inexpensive, with good precision and accuracy.
Presentación
Authors: Boeri Marcelo D.
Published: June 2016

Presentación
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Authors: Henríquez Paloma Baño
Published: June 2016

Este artículo se propone examinar la concepción aristotélica del ‘ahora’, tal como se presenta en Física IV 10-14. La autora argumenta que en las dos cuestiones que Aristóteles aborda ahí (si el tiempo existe y qué es el tiempo) el ahora se comprende como límite interno del tiempo, una comprensión en la que el énfasis principal está puesto en la condición de indivisibilidad de tal límite o, dicho de otra manera, en el hecho de que el ‘ahora’ no es parte del tiempo. Baño se concentra en una analaogía presentada por Aristóteles para dar cuenta de la difícil tesis de que el ‘ahora’ es siempre el mismo y, al mismo tiempo, siempre diferente. La cuestión en la que la autora está especialmente interesada es el hecho de que el móvil no parece ser al movimiento lo mismo que el ‘ahora’ es al tiempo, dado que el móvil no es un límite interno del movimiento. Consecuentemente, la analogía no puede basarse en la condición puntual del ‘ahora’ y, más bien, parece basarse en el hecho de que el ‘ahora’ es un principio de cognoscibilidad del tiempo, tal como el móvil es un principio de cognoscibilidad del movimiento.
LA DEFENSA ARISTOTÉLICA DEL USO DE EXPLICACIONES TELEOLÓGICAS EN FÍSICA II 8
Authors: Ross Alberto
Published: June 2016

Este ensayo intenta ofrecer una reconstrucción de los argumentos de Aristóteles del uso de explicaciones teleológicas en Física II 8. En su exposición de los pasajes seleccionados Ross pone cierto énfasis en el carácter dialógico del discurso para hacer una modesta contribución a la solución de dos acertijos: uno de carácter exegético, y el otro sistemático. Esta lectura permite al autor introducir un nuevo elemento en la discusión concerniente a qué alcances y límites hay de las explicaciones teleológicas en la Física de Aristóteles. En opinión de Ross, esta estrategia es útil para adelantar en la comprensión de cuál es el tipo de argumentos que pueden ofrecerse cuando lo que se está considerando es si la teleología o el mecanicismo son el esquema explicativo más apropiado para dar cuenta de los fenómenos naturales.
Akrasia and Ordinary Weakness of Will
Authors: Radoilska Lubomira
Published: June 2016

Este artículo ofrece una explicación de la noción de akrasia como una falla primaria de la acción intencional, por oposición con una reciente propuesta sobre la debilidad de la voluntad desarrollada por Richard Holton, que también apunta a un tipo de falla en la acción intencional, pero la presenta tanto separada de la akrasia como más fundamental que ella. Con base en la obra de Aristóteles, se arguye aquí que la falla en la agencia articulada por el concepto de akrasia es el problema central, mientras que el fenómeno tras el cual va la descripción de Holton, denominado ‘debilidad ordinaria de la voluntad’, se entiende mejor como un intento frustrado de explicar la akrasia y, más específicamente, como una falla secundaria de la agencia intencional.Palabras clave: akrasia, Aristóteles, acción intencional, akrasia inversa, motivación, silogismo práctico, razones para actuar, planear, valor, debilidad de la voluntad.