bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of surface roughness, flank wear, chip morphology and cost estimation during machining of hardened AISI 4340 steel with coated carbide insert
Authors: Das Sudhansu Ranjan , Panda Asutosh , Dhupal Debabrata
Published: May 2017

Background

Now-a-days, newer hardened steel materials are coming rapidly into the market due to its wide applications in various fields of engineering. So the machinability investigation of these steel materials is one of the prime concern for practicing engineers, prior to actual machining.

Methods

The present study addresses surface roughness, flank wear and chip morphology during dry hard turning of AISI 4340 steel (49 HRC) using CVD (TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiN) multilayer coated carbide tool. Three factors (cutting speed, feed and depth of cut) and three-level factorial experiment designs with Taguchi’s L9 Orthogonal array (OA) and statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed to investigate the consequent effect of these cutting parameters on the tool and workpiece in terms of flank wear and surface roughness. For better understanding of the cutting process, surface topography of machined workpieces, wear mechanisms of worn coated carbide tool and chip morphology of generated chips were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Consequently, multiple regression analysis was adopted to develop mathematical model for each response, along with various diagnostic tests were performed to check the validity and efficacy of the proposed model. Finally, to justify the economical feasibility of coated carbide tool in hard turning application, a cost analysis was performed based on Gilbert’s approach by evaluating the tool life under optimized cutting condition (suggested by response optimization technique).

Results

The results shows that surface roughness and flank wear are statistically significant influenced by feed and cutting speed. In fact, increase in cutting speed resulted in better surface finish as well as increase in flank wear. Tool wear describes the gradual failure of cutting tool, caused grooves by abrasion due to rubbing effect of flank land with hard particles in the machined surface and high cutting temperature. Chip morphology confirms the formation of saw-tooth type of chip with severity of chip serration due to cyclic crack propagation caused by plastic deformation. The total machining cost per part is found to be $0.13 (i.e. in Indian rupees Rs. 8.21) for machining of hardened AISI 4340 steel with coated carbide tool.

Conclusions

From the study, the effectiveness and potential of multilayer TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiN coated carbide tool for hard turning process during dry cutting condition possesses high yielding and cost-effective benefit to substitute the traditional cylindrical grinding operation. Apart, it also contributes reasonable option to costlier CBN and ceramic tools.
Efficacy of Blended Cognitive Behavior Therapy for High Fear of Recurrence in Breast, Prostate, and Colorectal Cancer Survivors: The SWORD Study, a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: van de Wal Marieke , Thewes Belinda , Gielissen Marieke , Speckens Anne , Prins Judith
Published: May 2017

Purpose

Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a common problem experienced by cancer survivors. Approximately one third of survivors report high FCR. This study aimed to evaluate whether blended cognitive behavior therapy (bCBT) can reduce the severity of FCR in cancer survivors curatively treated for breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer.

Patients and Methods

This randomized controlled trial included 88 cancer survivors with high FCR (Cancer Worry Scale score ≥ 14) from 6 months to 5 years after cancer treatment. Participants were randomly allocated (ratio 1:1, stratified by cancer type) to receive bCBT, including five face-to face and three online sessions (n = 45) or care as usual (CAU; n = 43). Participants completed questionnaires at baseline (T0) and 3 months later (T1). The intervention group completed bCBT between T0 and T1. The primary outcome was FCR severity assessed with the Cancer Worry Scale. Secondary outcomes included other distress-related measures. Statistical (one-way between-group analyses of covariance) and clinical effects (clinically significant improvement) were analyzed by intention to treat.

Results

Participants who received bCBT reported significantly less FCR than those who received CAU (mean difference, –3.48; 95% CI, –4.69 to –2.28; P < .001) with a moderate-to-large effect size ( d = 0.76). Clinically significant improvement in FCR was significantly higher in the bCBT group than in the CAU group (13 [29%] of 45 compared with 0 [0%] of 43; P < .001); self-rated improvement was also higher in the bCBT group (30 [71%] of 42 compared with 12 [32%] of 38 in the CAU group; P < .001).

Conclusion

bCBT has a statistically and clinically significant effect on the severity of FCR in cancer survivors and is a promising new treatment approach.
Economic Burden of Chronic Conditions Among Survivors of Cancer in the United States
Authors: Guy Gery P. , Yabroff K. Robin , Ekwueme Donatus U. , Rim Sun Hee , Li Rui , Richardson Lisa C.
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The prevalence of cancer survivorship and chronic health conditions is increasing. Limited information exists on the economic burden of chronic conditions among survivors of cancer. This study examines the prevalence and economic effect of chronic conditions among survivors of cancer.

Methods

Using the 2008 to 2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we present nationally representative estimates of the prevalence of chronic conditions (heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, emphysema, high cholesterol, diabetes, arthritis, and asthma) and multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) and the incremental annual health care use, medical expenditures, and lost productivity for survivors of cancer attributed to individual chronic conditions and MCCs. Incremental use, expenditures, and lost productivity were evaluated with multivariable regression.

Results

Survivors of cancer were more likely to have chronic conditions and MCCs compared with adults without a history of cancer. The presence of chronic conditions among survivors of cancer was associated with substantially higher annual medical expenditures, especially for heart disease ($4,595; 95% CI, $3,262 to $5,927) and stroke ($3,843; 95% CI, $1,983 to $5,704). The presence of four or more chronic conditions was associated with increased annual expenditures of $10,280 (95% CI, $7,435 to $13,125) per survivor of cancer. Annual lost productivity was higher among survivors of cancer with other chronic conditions, especially stroke ($4,325; 95% CI, $2,687 to $5,964), and arthritis ($3,534; 95% CI, $2,475 to $4,593). Having four or more chronic conditions was associated with increased annual lost productivity of $9,099 (95% CI, $7,224 to $10,973) per survivor of cancer. The economic impact of chronic conditions was similar among survivors of cancer and individuals without a history of cancer.

Conclusion

These results highlight the importance of ensuring access to lifelong personalized screening, surveillance, and chronic disease management to help manage chronic conditions, reduce disruptions in employment, and reduce medical expenditures among survivors of cancer.
Revisions to the International Neuroblastoma Response Criteria: A Consensus Statement From the National Cancer Institute Clinical Trials Planning Meeting
Authors: Park Julie R. , Bagatell Rochelle , Cohn Susan L. , Pearson Andrew D. , Villablanca Judith G. , Berthold Frank , Burchill Susan , Boubaker Ariane , McHugh Kieran , Nuchtern Jed G. , London Wendy B. , Seibel Nita L. , Lindwasser O. Wolf , Maris John M. , Brock Penelope , Schleiermacher Gudrun , Ladenstein Ruth , Matthay Katherine K. , Valteau-Couanet Dominique
Published: May 2017

Purpose

More than two decades ago, an international working group established the International Neuroblastoma Response Criteria (INRC) to assess treatment response in children with neuroblastoma. However, this system requires modification to incorporate modern imaging techniques and new methods for quantifying bone marrow disease that were not previously widely available. The National Cancer Institute sponsored a clinical trials planning meeting in 2012 to update and refine response criteria for patients with neuroblastoma.

Methods

Multidisciplinary investigators from 13 countries reviewed data from published trials performed through cooperative groups, consortia, and single institutions. Data from both prospective and retrospective trials were used to refine the INRC. Monthly international conference calls were held from 2011 to 2015, and consensus was reached through review by working group leadership and the National Cancer Institute Clinical Trials Planning Meeting leadership council.

Results

Overall response in the revised INRC will integrate tumor response in the primary tumor, soft tissue and bone metastases, and bone marrow. Primary and metastatic soft tissue sites will be assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and iodine-123 (123I) –metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scans or [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography scans if the tumor is MIBG nonavid. 123I-MIBG scans, or [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography scans for MIBG-nonavid disease, replace technetium-99m diphosphonate bone scintigraphy for osteomedullary metastasis assessment. Bone marrow will be assessed by histology or immunohistochemistry and cytology or immunocytology. Bone marrow with ≤ 5% tumor involvement will be classified as minimal disease. Urinary catecholamine levels will not be included in response assessment. Overall response will be defined as complete response, partial response, minor response, stable disease, or progressive disease.

Conclusion

These revised criteria will provide a uniform assessment of disease response, improve the interpretability of clinical trial results, and facilitate collaborative trial designs.
Safety and Clinical Activity of the Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Inhibitor Durvalumab in Combination With Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor Olaparib or Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1-3 Inhibitor Cediranib in Women's Cancers: A Dose-Escalation, Phase I Study
Authors: Lee Jung-Min , Cimino-Mathews Ashley , Peer Cody J. , Zimmer Alexandra , Lipkowitz Stanley , Annunziata Christina M. , Cao Liang , Harrell Maria I. , Swisher Elizabeth M. , Houston Nicole , Botesteanu Dana-Adriana , Taube Janis M. , Thompson Elizabeth , Ogurtsova Aleksandra , Xu Haiying , Nguyen Jeffers , Ho Tony W. , Figg William D. , Kohn Elise C.
Published: May 2017

Purpose

Data suggest that DNA damage by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition and/or reduced vascular endothelial growth factor signaling by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibition may complement antitumor activity of immune checkpoint blockade. We hypothesize the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor, durvalumab, olaparib, or cediranib combinations are tolerable and active in recurrent women’s cancers.

Patients and Methods

This phase I study tested durvalumab doublets in parallel 3 + 3 dose escalations. Durvalumab was administered at 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks or 1,500 mg every 4 weeks with either olaparib tablets twice daily or cediranib on two schedules. The primary end point was the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Response rate and pharmacokinetic analysis were secondary end points.

Results

Between June 2015 and May 2016, 26 women were enrolled. The RP2D was durvalumab 1,500 mg every 4 weeks with olaparib 300 mg twice a day, or cediranib 20 mg, 5 days on/2 days off. No dose-limiting toxicity was recorded with durvalumab plus olaparib. The cediranib intermittent schedule (n = 6) was examined because of recurrent grade 2 and non–dose-limiting toxicity grade 3 and 4 adverse events (AEs) on the daily schedule (n = 8). Treatment-emergent AEs included hypertension (two of eight), diarrhea (two of eight), pulmonary embolism (two of eight), pulmonary hypertension (one of eight), and lymphopenia (one of eight). Durvalumab plus intermittent cediranib grade 3 and 4 AEs were hypertension (one of six) and fatigue (one of six). Exposure to durvalumab increased cediranib area under the curve and maximum plasma concentration on the daily, but not intermittent, schedules. Two partial responses (≥15 months and ≥ 11 months) and eight stable diseases ≥ 4 months (median, 8 months [4 to 14.5 months]) were seen in patients who received durvalumab plus olaparib, yielding an 83% disease control rate. Six partial responses (≥ 5 to ≥ 8 months) and three stable diseases ≥ 4 months (4 to ≥ 8 months) were seen in 12 evaluable patients who received durvalumab plus cediranib, for a 50% response rate and a 75% disease control rate. Response to therapy was independent of PD-L1 expression.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first reported anti–PD-L1 plus olaparib or cediranib combination therapy. The RP2Ds of durvalumab plus olaparib and durvalumab plus intermittent cediranib are tolerable and active. Phase II studies with biomarker evaluation are ongoing.
Rising Prices of Targeted Oral Anticancer Medications and Associated Financial Burden on Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Shih Ya-Chen Tina , Xu Ying , Liu Lei , Smieliauskas Fabrice
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The high cost of oncology drugs threatens the affordability of cancer care. Previous research identified drivers of price growth of targeted oral anticancer medications (TOAMs) in private insurance plans and projected the impact of closing the coverage gap in Medicare Part D in 2020. This study examined trends in TOAM prices and patient out-of-pocket (OOP) payments in Medicare Part D and estimated the actual effects on patient OOP payments of partial filling of the coverage gap by 2012.

Methods

Using SEER linked to Medicare Part D, 2007 to 2012, we identified patients who take TOAMs via National Drug Codes in Part D claims. We calculated total drug costs (prices) and OOP payments per patient per month and compared their rates of inflation with general health care prices.

Results

The study cohort included 42,111 patients who received TOAMs between 2007 and 2012. Although the general prescription drug consumer price index grew at 3% per year over 2007 to 2012, mean TOAM prices increased by nearly 12% per year, reaching $7,719 per patient per month in 2012. Prices increased over time for newly and previously launched TOAMs. Mean patient OOP payments dropped by 4% per year over the study period, with a 40% drop among patients with a high financial burden in 2011, when the coverage gap began to close.

Conclusion

Rising TOAM prices threaten the financial relief patients have begun to experience under closure of the coverage gap in Medicare Part D. Policymakers should explore methods of harnessing the surge of novel TOAMs to increase price competition for Medicare beneficiaries.
The Adequate Corpus Luteum: miR-96 Promotes Luteal Cell Survival and Progesterone Production
Authors: Mohammed Bushra T. , Sontakke Sadanand D. , Ioannidis Jason , Duncan W. Colin , Donadeu F. Xavier
Published: May 2017

Context:

Inadequate progesterone production from the corpus luteum is associated with pregnancy loss. Data available in model species suggest important roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in luteal development and maintenance.

Objective:

To comprehensively investigate the involvement of miRNAs during the ovarian follicle-luteal transition.

Design:

The effects of specific miRNAs on survival and steroid production by human luteinized granulosa cells (hLGCs) were tested using specific miRNA inhibitors. Candidate miRNAs were identified through microarray analyses of follicular and luteal tissues in a bovine model.

Setting:

An academic institution in the United Kingdom associated with a teaching hospital. hLGCs were obtained by standard transvaginal follicular-fluid aspiration from 35 women undergoing assisted conception.

Intervention(s):

Inhibition of candidate miRNAs in vitro.

Main outcome measure(s):

Levels of miRNAs, mRNAs, FOXO1 protein, apoptosis, and steroids were measured in tissues and/or cultured cells.

Results:

Two specific miRNA clusters, miR-183-96-182 and miR-212-132, were dramatically increased in luteal relative to follicular tissues. miR-96 and miR-132 were the most upregulated miRNAs within each cluster. Database analyses identified FOXO1 as a putative target of both these miRNAs. In cultured hLGCs, inhibition of miR-96 increased apoptosis and FOXO1 protein levels, and decreased progesterone production. These effects were prevented by small interfering RNA-mediated downregulation of FOXO1. In bovine luteal cells, miR-96 inhibition also led to increases in apoptosis and FOXO1 protein levels.

Conclusions:

miR-96 targets FOXO1 to regulate luteal development through effects on cell survival and steroid production. The miR-183-96-182 cluster could provide a novel target for the manipulation of luteal function.
Angiosarcoma: clinical and imaging features from head to toe
Authors: Gaballah Ayman H , Jensen Corey T , Palmquist Sarah , Pickhardt Perry J , Duran Alper , Broering Gregory , Elsayes Khaled M
Published: May 2017

Angiosarcoma is a rare, aggressive subtype of soft-tissue sarcoma with a propensity for local recurrence and metastasis associated with a generally poor prognosis, unless diagnosed early. Given the vascular endothelial cell origin of angiosarcoma, tumours may develop in essentially any organ; however, there is a predilection for the skin where half of all tumours arise, increasing in prevalence with age. The most common risk factors are chronic lymphoedema and history of radiation. We review the most important radiological findings along the spectrum of angiosarcoma from head to toe throughout the body, including uncommon and rare locations. Key imaging features of angiosarcoma across multiple organ systems will be described, as well as the impact on management and prognosis.
The Complex Interactions between Cities and Nature
Authors: Broitman Dani , Czamanski Danny , Toger Marina
Published: May 2017

Purpose: Proximity to nature is highly valued by urbanites. They demonstrate higher willingness to pay for housing at locations near open and green spaces. But, nature in cities can generate negative externalities as well. The aim of this paper is to present the complex relationship between nature and cities and the possible negative influence of urban nature on property prices.Methodology/Approach: The data presented in this paper include open spaces, the presence of wild animals and residential property values in Haifa, Israel. These data were analyzed to uncover spatial regularities and basic statistical relationships.Findings: The results reveal the expected presence of dominant positive externalities related to proximity to open and green areas. However, in certain areas and under certain circumstances, the nuisances generated by the presence of wild animals in close proximity to housing are correlated with lower property prices.Research Limitation/implication: We demonstrate in this paper that that there is a complex relationship between nature and cities, albeit focusing our analysis on large mammals in cities only. Disentangling positive and negative externalities of urban nature is a challenging task. The paper presents an example of the potential difficulties that need to be dealt with in such analysis.Originality/Value of paper: Through the case study, we show that there are good reasons to believe that there are both positive and negative externalities of nature in cities. To our best knowledge, attempts to disentangle both types of effects using property values do not exist in the literature.
Urbanization, Work and Community: The Logic of City Life in the Contemporary World
Authors: Scott Allen J.
Published: May 2017

Purpose: I initiate the discussion with a statement about cognitive-cultural capitalism and its concentration in large global cities. This is followed by an argument to the effect that the specificity of the city resides in the manner in which the diverse social phenomena that it contains are brought into a composite pattern of spatial integration. With these preliminaries in mind, I examine the economic structure of the city in cognitive-cultural capitalism, with special reference to the emergence of a new division of labor and the changing configuration of intra-urban production space. This account leads directly to consideration of the restratification of urban society and its effects on neighborhood development and social life. The final section of the paper picks up on the notion of the Common in cognitive-cultural capitalism and offers some speculative remarks regarding the implications of this phenomenon for the economic and social order of cities.Methodology/Approach: Historical and geographical narrative combined with appeals to the theory of political economy.Findings: Cognitive-cultural capitalism is emerging as a dominant force of social and economic change in the twenty-first century. This trend is also evident in new patterns of urbanization that are emerging on all five continents. These patterns reflect dramatic shifts in the structure of urban production systems and the significant restratification of urban society that has been occurring as a consequence.Research Limitation/implication: The paper is pitched at a high level of conceptual abstraction. Detailed empirical investigation/testing of the main theoretical points outlined in the paper is urgently called for.Originality/Value of paper: The paper offers an overall theoretical synthesis of the interrelationships between cognitive-cultural capitalism and processes of urbanization.
Towards a Sustainable i-City: Intelligent Transition Management of Digital Places
Authors: Kourtit Karima
Published: May 2017

Modern cities operate in a force field of great challenges. The introduction of digital technology may facilitate the necessary transition management of cities but calls also for a new and intelligent use of a wealth of information for coping with great many urban challenges. This paper provides an exploration of the various challenges and tasks of an intelligent city (i-city) faced with unforeseen challenges and an unprecedented supply of ‘big data’. Professional data management based on solid cognitive expertise in this area seems to be a wise strategy of a modern i-city.Purpose: This paper provides an exploration of the various challenges and tasks of an intelligent city (i-city) faced with unforeseen challenges and an unprecedented supply of ‘big data’.Methodology/Approach: The aim of this brief exploratory paper is to provide a sketch of the context and the force field of modern digital technology for urban areas. Our objective is to provide a positioning of Sweden – and in particular Stockholm – from the perspective of ICT use and digital technology use. Consequently, against the background of global and national ICT developments, the present paper will zoom in on Sweden and Stockholm as a reference case, so as to provide concrete and operational information in a benchmark exploration. At the end, some ingredients for a research and policy agenda will be offered.Findings: The conclusion may be drawn that Sweden is an advanced Internet-rich country, in which the top of the hierarchy is dominated by Stockholm. Clearly, this city may be seen as a role model for others in the use of Internet activities. It is a typical example of a leading i-city.Research Limitation/implication: The paper provides in a cascade form various relevant data on smart cities, from an international, national and local perspective, with the main focus on Stockholm.Originality/Value of paper: Professional data management based on solid cognitive expertise in this area seems to be a wise strategy of a modern i-city.
‘Science of the City’: Towards a Higher Quality of Urban Life
Authors: Girard Luigi Fusco , Hudec Oto , Kourt Karima , Nijkamp Peter
Published: May 2017

Cities have in the course of history become the dominant geographic settlement pattern all over the world; we live in the ‘urban century’. Cities integrate all dimensions of modern life, ranging from socio-economic to technological aspects. The organisation of such complex entities calls for a more integrative an inclusive scientific analysis and understanding of urban systems. The aim of the Special Issue Science of the City: Towards a Higher Quality of Urban Life, is to offer a synthesis of the contributions from the Advanced Brainstorm Carrefour (ABC) meeting, held on March 22-23, 2016 in Naples, bringing together experts who have provided a significant contribution to a fundamental reflection on the roots and effects of the modern city.
Estimation of Pedestrian Origin-Destination Demand in Train Stations
Authors: Hänseler Flurin S. , Molyneaux Nicholas A. , Bierlaire Michel
Published: May 2017

We present a framework for estimating pedestrian demand within a train station. It takes into account ridership data, and various direct and indirect indicators of demand. Such indicators may include link flow counts, density measurements, survey data, historical, or other information. The problem is considered in discrete time and at the aggregate level, i.e., for groups of pedestrians associated with the same origin-destination pair and departure time interval. The formulation is probabilistic, allowing to consider the stochasticity of demand. A key element is the use of the train timetable, and in particular of train arrival times, to capture demand peaks. A case study analysis of a Swiss train station underlines the practical applicability of the proposed framework. Compared to a classical estimator that ignores the notion of a train timetable, the gain in accuracy in terms of root-mean-square error is between 20% and 50%. More importantly, the incorporation of the train schedule allows for prediction when little or no data besides the timetable and ridership information is available.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2016.0723 .
UM PREFÁCIO À BIOGRAFIA
Authors: Mitidieri André Luis
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo discorre sobre antigas espécies biográficas, em suasinterconexões com a poética, a retórica, a filosofia e a história. Associadas aosconceitos de “memória”, “rememoração”, “imagem”, “mimese” e “testemunho”,as primeiras formas aparentadas à biografia, de que se tem notícia no mundoocidental, configuravam-se em paralelo à decadência da pólis grega. Nesse contexto, o homem público não teria condições de estabelecer diferenças entre aprópria vida e vidas outras, de maneira que a separação entre o autobiográfico eo biográfico apenas ocorreria depois que tal unidade viesse a desintegrar-se.
UTOPIA E MESSIANISMO NA LITERATURA HISPANO-AMERICANA COLONIAL
Authors: Coelho Rogério Mendes
Published: May 2017

O presente trabalho apresenta o estudo de uma das configurações discursivasmais emblemáticas que descreveram as realidades americanas duranteo período colonial: os relatos de Cristobal Colón. O foco do presente artigo consistena problematização dos escritos do navegador não apenas como discursosde fundação do espaço americano, onde perspectivas como história e ficção; imitação e desvio se confundem, estabelecendo as bases interpretativas das realidades americanas, mas, sobretudo, o desenvolvimento da imaginação como importante instrumento, tanto para fundamentar a base do pensamento políticomoderno quanto para fundamentar o processo de formação das sociedadesamericanas no século XVI.
A VIOLÊNCIA COMO DEVIR-SUJEITO EM ALBERT CAMUS, JOSÉ PADILHA E CLARICE LISPECTOR
Authors: Santos Lívia Maria Natália De Souza
Published: May 2017

campo das narrativas literárias ou cinematográficas tem a capacidade de refletir sobre problemáticas subjetivas que se contextualizam nas demandas de representação de si. A violência, como desordenadora dos es-paços subjetivos, pode funcionar como relevante estratégia de leitura dos domínios do indivíduo, de suas ações e escolhas, das relações com a alteri-dade e da urgência do devir como um elemento não programado. Este trabalho intenta discutir como as narrativas analisadas empreendem as reflexões mais contemporâneas sobre subjetividade, na medida em que representam o desamparo de personagens em crise.
VOZES DE LÁ, ECOS DE CÁ: CONFLUÊNCIAS DA PALAVRA ESCRITA ENTRE AMÉRICA E ÁFRICA
Authors: De Queiroz Amarino Oliveira
Published: May 2017

Grande parte dos estudos literários desenvolvidos no Brasil em torno das literaturas africanas em geral e, particularmente, daquelas pro-duções originadas no conjunto formado pelas antigas colônias ibéricas na África, ou seja, constituído pelas atuais repúblicas de São Tomé e Príncipe, Guiné-Bissau, Cabo Verde, Moçambique, Angola, Saara Ocidental e Guiné Equatorial, países que adotaram, respectivamente, o português e o espanhol como idiomas oficiais após suas independências políticas de Portugal e da Espanha ressentem-se, ainda, de abordagens analíticas que contemplem estudos comparativistas entre as referidas literaturas no próprio ambiente cultural africano, bem como de possíveis conexões com a prosa e a poesia assinadas por autores lusógrafos e hispanógrafos originários das Américas. Este breve estudo propõe investigar a interface verificada na escrita de al-guns desses autores africanos e latino-americanos que utilizam os dois idio-mas como veículos de expressão literária. Nessa perspectiva, buscaremos evidenciar possíveis aproximações de ordem estilística e identitária que se recortam, sobretudo, na produção africana escrita em português e que emergiram ao longo do período compreendido entre o século XX e os dias atuais.
MEMÓRIAS DA MESTRIA: AS ARTES E OS OFÍCIOS DOS “HOMENS DE COR”
Authors: Reis Lysie , Trinchão Glaucia
Published: May 2017

Este trabalho discute o ensino para as Artes e para os Ofícios no Brasil do século XIX, destacando a Bahia. Por intermédio da pesquisa em fon- tes documentais, bibliografia de referência e entrevistas, tenta-se demons- trar como as classes abastadas pensaram a educação dos pobres, no intuito de aplacar conflitos sociais e preparar mão de obra qualificada para o fomen- to da indústria. Por outro lado, pôde-se constatar que negros e mulatos, li- bertos ou escravos, se utilizaram da prática do ofício como forma de alcançar melhores condições de vida.
WALTER BENJAMIN E AS CIDADES: CHOQUE, VIVÊNCIA E MEMÓRIA
Authors: Castriota Leonardo Barci
Published: May 2017

A realidade contemporânea parece marcada pela “estetização”, que perpassaria todas as esferas do vivido, chegando a própria realidade, no limi- te, a ser percebida como um “construto estético”. Ao procurar explicar esse fenômeno, o filósofo alemão Wolfgang Welsch argumenta que essa hiperes- tetização da realidade corresponderia a uma necessidade insaciável de se ter cada vez mais “vivências” (Erlebnisse), estando o mundo sendo crescente- mente transformado num “espaço de vivências” (Erlebnisraum). Ao tomar esse caminho explicativo, Welsch nos remete a uma discussão tradicional no pensamento alemão, muito bem representada pela abordagem de Walter Benjamin (1893-1940), que relaciona a temática da vivência às mudanças trazidas pela modernidade aos domínios da percepção, da recepção da arte e da própria memória.
A VISUALIDADE URBANA CONTEMPORÂNEA COMO CAMPO DE ESTUDOS INTERDISCIPLINARES
Authors: Zorzo Francisco Antônio
Published: May 2017

O artigo traz uma discussão sobre o estudo da visualidade urbana segundo uma abordagem interdisciplinar. Segundo a proposta aqui indicada, parece útil entender os fenômenos urbanos sob um outro olhar. Torna-se muito conveniente considerar a interação entre tecnologia, arte e ciência na constituição dos estudos sobre o ambiente urbano e sobre a produção da imagen. Tendo em mente tal concepção, pode-se partir de uma referência mais concreta para estudar a cidade e a visualidade, como um campo de múltiplas produções em abordagem interdisciplinar. Para isso foi selecionada a produção do grafite nas metrópoles brasileiras. Nos muros de Salvador há uma série de grafites que merecem a reflexão e um acolhimento crítico por tratarem exatamente de problematizar o olho e o olhar no ambiente da cidade.
PROFESSORES E OS JOGOS DIGITAIS: UM OLHAR SOBRE AS POSSIBILIDADES PEDAGÓGICAS DESTAS MÍDIAS
Authors: Torres Velda , Alves Lynn
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo discute o papel do educador na sociedade contemporânea, principalmente no que se refere à interação com a linguagem midiática, destacando a interação com os games. Estas discussões resultam da imersão na literatura e das pesquisas que vêm sendo realizadas pelo grupo Comunidades Virtuais na UNEB, que reforçam a premissa de que estas mídias podem se constituir em possíveis espaços de aprendizagem atuantes como mecanismos de educação para a cidadania. O referido grupo desenvolveu, no período de julho a outubro de 2010, três processos diferenciados de formação docente que objetivaram possibilitar aos cursistas a imersão no universo midiático, interagindo com distintas linguagens e principalmente os games, pensando nas possibilidades pedagógicas destas produções. As conclusões iniciais foram que a ausência do letramento digital, e especialmente  o letramento no universo dos games, atuou como um grande impeditivo para a construção de um olhar mais crítico em torno das narrativas midiáticas disponíveis durante os cursos.
RELATO PESSOAL: COM UM SEIXO ROLADO NA SALA DE VISITAS (OU “LIKE A ROLLING STONE”): DE SABER ACADÊMICO E SABERES TRADICIONAIS NA POSSÍVEL PRODUÇÃO DE ALGUMA EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR INDÍGENA
Authors: Sampaio José Augusto Laranjeiras
Published: May 2017

A educação escolar indígena é um campo em que se discute bas- tante sobre as possibilidades de relação entre conhecimento acadêmico e conhecimentos tradicionais, em especial no âmbito da formação de profes- sores indígenas. Numa visão a partir da Antropologia enquanto “ciência” de mediação entre diferentes “lógicas” de conhecimento, valho-me de relato autobiográfico para afirmar uma dimensão de tradicionalidade também no conhecimento dito “acadêmico”, criticar as perspectivas de “articulação” ou “síntese” entre essas diferentes lógicas e defender a radicalidade da experiência da alteridade como via possível, tênue que seja, para o diálogo e as interrelações entre formas de conhecimento, tomadas aqui como diferentes cosmovisões.
NARRATIVA FANTÁSTICA: QUESTÃO DE LEITURA?
Authors: Niels Karla Niels
Published: May 2017

A categorização do fantástico, como gênero, não tem sido inequívo- ca nos estudos literários. Para Tzvetan Todorov o fantástico surge como um efeito decorrente da ocorrência de acontecimentos estranhos e insólitos em meio à narrativa, bem como da possibilidade de se fornecer duas explicações para esses acontecimentos. Diante da ambiguidade expressa pelo insólito, “alguém” deve optar por uma saída: o personagem ou o próprio leitor (Cf. TODOROV, 2007). A identificação do leitor com o personagem, apesar de considerada por Todorov, é vista por ele como fator dispensável. A hesitação entre uma explicação e outra, sim, seria o ponto central para a concretização do gênero. Filipe Furtado (1980), por sua vez, não admite a intervenção de um leitor empírico nesse tipo de narrativa. A dúvida e a hesitação patentes  ao gênero seriam somente da narrativa e não do leitor. Diante desse impas- se, o trabalho visa considerar algumas teorias relacionadas ao leitor e à leitu- ra, a fim de avaliar a pertinência de se admitir a hipótese da participação de um leitor real na construção das narrativas fantásticas e, em especial, naque- las em que o medo provocado no leitor pelos acontecimentos narrados cons- titui a sua força motriz (cf. ROAS, 2006).
Ação linguístico-comunicativa e práticas discursivas em esferas públicas na sociedade em rede
Authors: Anecleto Úrsula Cunha
Published: May 2017

Este artigo apresenta bases teóricas para fundamentar estratégias de reestruturação das ações discursivas nas esferas públicas mediadas por tecnologias digitais, na sociedade em rede. Nesse sentido, o estudo ancora-se na Teoria do Agir Comunicado, do filósofo alemão Jürgen Habermas, e na concepção de sociedade em rede, do sociólogo Manuel Castells. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que esses espaços públicos são esferas interacionais, que visam a formação de consensos entre falantes e ouvintes, pelo melhor argumento. Esses ambientes comunicativos, ao oferecerem novas formas de interação, exigem dos sujeitos a ampliação de capacidades linguísticas e comunicativas para, assim, testarem pretensões de validez sobre o mundo e criarem espaços de diálogos, crítica, negociações e entendimento mútuo. As práticas discursivas, então, se constituem em importantes mecanismos na formação do sujeito emancipado, livre para participar de interlocuções nas esferas públicas contemporâneas, a partir de padrões éticos e morais.
Discurso, argumentação e ensino: elementos para uma abordagem transdisciplinar
Authors: Dos Santos Marcos Bispo
Published: May 2017

Neste ensaio, tem-se como objetivo apresentar elementos necessários para uma abordagem transdisciplinar de estudo da argumentação, tendo em vista sua aplicação ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem de leitura e produção de textos argumentativos. Partindo do pressuposto de que as perspectivas monodisciplinares da linguística se mostram limitadas para abordar o tema da argumentação em sua complexidade, devido a seu compromisso com a produção de conhecimentos de base em que prevalece a fragmentação do saber, postula-se que tal tarefa só poderia ser levada a termo por uma linguística concebida como ciência aplicada crítica. Assim, defende-se que a estrutura formal da argumentação deve ser depreendida das práticas de linguagem que engendram os gêneros textuais imbuídos, direta ou indiretamente, do objetivo de persuadir. Para isso, propõem-se dois caminhos. O primeiro deles consiste na construção de um aparato teórico-metodológico, a partir da apropriação de construtos teóricos da retórica antiga, da nova retórica e de teorias linguísticas como a pragmática, a linguística textual, a semântica argumentativa, teorias dos gêneros textuais, a análise de discurso, teorias enunciativas, a análise da conversação, da sociologia, dos estudos culturais, da filosofia, da filosofia da linguagem e outras, de acordo com os objetivos do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O segundo caminho consiste na construção de um dispositivo teórico metodológico capaz de fundamentar práticas de análise e produção de textos argumentativos, concebidos como objetos de extrema complexidade.
Leitura na biblioteca escolar: desafios e possibilidades
Authors: De Barros Rocha Flávia Aninger , Teixeira Ana Claudia Costa de Aquino
Published: May 2017

Um livro, um leitor, uma biblioteca. Um cenário propício e convidativo ao estímulo à leitura. Com o objetivo de socializar os resultados de uma intervenção pedagógica de leitura, intitulada “Tempo para o letramento literário: uma proposta de leitura na biblioteca escolar”, o presente trabalho descreve atividades desenvolvidas com estudantes do quinto ano do Ensino Fundamental I em uma escola pública municipal situada no município de Feira de Santana/Bahia que se configuram numa ação de mediação realizada no Mestrado Profissional em Letras (ProfLetras) da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Como procedimentos metodológicos foram utilizados: a) a leitura mediada (SOLÉ, 1998; BALDI, 2009) do livro “O menino e o tuim”, do escritor Rubem Braga (1986), cujo principal foco é garantir reflexão sobre o gênero crônica literária numa comparação com os contos clássicos; b) atividades organizadas em sequencia didática (DOLZ & SCHNEWULY, 2004) que permitiram conhecer o perfil leitor e saber como as crianças de 10 a 12 constroem sentidos a partir da interação com o gênero selecionado e c) o empréstimo de livros do acervo da biblioteca escolar. Os resultados apontam que as/os estudantes estão em prontidão a tocar os livros de literatura da biblioteca escolar dando voz aos muitos saberes relacionados ao texto literário e ainda sinalizam que a formação do leitor literário está intimamente ligada às experiências de leitura do mediador. Esperamos que esse material contribua cada vez mais na formação do leitor literário, uma das metas mais desafiadoras para a escola.
ENTRE O VERBAL E O VISUAL: O HAIKAI E A FOTOGRAFIA NA POÉTICA DE PAULO LEMINSKI
Authors: Oliveira Ana Maria Abrahão dos Santos
Published: May 2017

Este artigo pretende discutir a poética de Paulo Leminski, em espe-cial, o haikai, destacando sua relação com a fotografia. Primeiramente apre-senta um breve resumo sobre a questão do olhar desde a Antigüidade Clássi-ca até a Modernidade. Será discutida também a mesma questão, dando ênfase à poesia moderna, em especial, os haikais, relacionando-a com o olhar fotográfico.
DO ÊXTASE AO CRIME? UM CONTO POLICIAL BRASILEIRO RECHEADO DE LATIM
Authors: Soares Valéria Marta Ribeiro
Published: May 2017

Os contos policiais, de Luiz Lopes Coelho, advogado paulista, são pouco conhecidos. Este trabalho visa analisar o conto Do êxtase ao crime?, tan-to do ponto de vista estético quanto lingüístico. No ângulo literário, serão analisados os elementos que fazem dele uma ficção policial e, no aspecto lin-güístico, serão destacados os termos latinos que causam uma singularidade na obra e ajudam a interpretá-la. Contistas do gênero policial no Brasil são muito raros, devido ao rótulo dado por muitos eruditos de tal gênero ser “uma das mais limitadas entre as formas populares de ficção”. Do êxtase ao crime? pode dar ao leitor uma nova visão desse gênero, pois o autor consegue aliar o engenho e a arte na escolha dos vocábulos, especialmente, os latinos, e na criação do mistério, suspense e situações imprevistas do conto em ques-tão.
PRAGMÁTICA ILOCUCIONÁRIA E SIGNIFICAÇÃO
Authors: De Sá Júnior Lucrécio Araújo
Published: May 2017

Durante o período clássico, filósofos e gramáticos desenvolveram uma teoria ideacional do significado de acordo com as sentenças que servem para realizar atos de pensamentos como julgamentos, pedidos, comandos e crenças para o propósito da comunicação. É de acordo com os atos ilocu-cionários que o falante expressa e comunica seus pensamentos na realização do discurso. Tais atos são performativos no momento da elocução, através da articulação de sentenças apropriadas num contexto adequado de enuncia-ção.
TEATRO ITINERANTE: ESPAÇO DA MEMÓRIA E DA CULTURA POPULARES — O TEATRO DE LONA SERELEPE
Authors: Dos Santos Elaine
Published: May 2017

O presente trabalho constitui um estudo introdutório a respeito do teatro itinerante, seu desenvolvimento na civilização ocidental, dando-se ênfase a sua presença na cultura brasileira, em especial gaúcha, considerando-se, para tal, a história do Teatro Serelepe. Teatro cuja história inicia-se no interior paulista, em 1929, e acompanha as transformações vividas pela nossa sociedade, incluindo o período ditatorial, posterior a 1964 e que foi marcado pelo cerceamento da liberdade. Procura-se estabelecer relações entre o teatro itinerante e a conservação e a transmissão da memória popular do país para, ao final, salientar-se a importância daqueles saltimbancos que percorrem o nosso território e levam alegria à população mais humilde.
QUEDA E ASCENSÃO DE AUGUSTO MATRAGA
Authors: Arendt João Claudio
Published: May 2017

Este ensaio analisa o conto “A hora e vez de Augusto Matraga”, de Guimarães Rosa, sob a perspectiva da trajetória existencial do protagonista. Busca-se o sentido etimológico da palavra Matraga, o qual é relacionado com a conduta e o caráter da personagem, no contexto regional de que emerge. O estudo apóia-se em dados históricos sobre o coronelismo e o cangaço brasileiro.
Beyond the single story: creative research approaches with migrant sex workers in South Africa
Authors: Oliveira Elsa , Vearey Jo
Published: May 2017

In this contribution, Elsa Oliveira and Jo Vearey, researchers at the African Centre for Migration & Society (ACMS) at Witswatersrand University, and founders of the MoVE method:visual:explore project, share insights into why we need to think differently about ways of doing research with marginalised migrant groups – including migrant sex workers in South Africa.
Investigating curatorship and art education interconnections
Authors: Whiteland Susan R.
Published: May 2017

Questions come to mind when investigating the interconnecting roles of curator and art educator. In two recent service-learning experiences university students stepped into the position of curator/art educator as they accessed, encountered, made and presented art for the engagement of children or older adults within the context of the dispersed museum. In one case the university students used imagery from a current exhibit to engage with older adults diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease or other forms of dementia. In a second study university students introduced classes of elementary students to a travelling exhibit on display at their university’s art museum. In both cases curating and art education played integral roles. This article investigates the interconnections between curatorship and art education and explores the dual role that university students assumed in their service learning experiences as part of a special problems art education class.
‘Return to the source and fetch’: The curator as Sankofa
Authors: Burton David
Published: May 2017

The Sankofa bird stands as an appropriate metaphor for student curators in schools. The Sankofa alludes to the saying, ‘Return to the source and fetch’. This, essentially, is what student curators do when they engage the roles and tasks of mounting art exhibitions in schools. Art exhibitions comprise five task areas: theme development, exhibition design, exhibition installation, writing and publicity, and the event where the exhibit is presented to the public. In theme development, the student curators must reach back to the origins they discovered in their art. In exhibition design and installation, they must build bridges between abstract themes and ideal spaces for their art to be displayed. Through writing they extend their sources and bring (fetch) them to their audience. In the final step − the event − they come full circle and fetch what they have learned for the benefit of the whole community.
Expanding avenues in art education: Engaging the curatorial
Authors: Garnet Dustin
Published: May 2017

Guided by this special issue theme of ‘Curating as a Condition of Art Education’, I will discuss how curating, and art production more broadly, increasingly operate directly as expanded educational praxes. The educational turn in professional curatorial and art practice has been prompted by consideration of pedagogical models within various curatorial strategies and critical art projects. In this article I speculate on curatorial practice as a form of artistic investigation by art students. My research engages with theories of public curation, the artist-curator, and material culture art education, and I illustrate this discussion by presenting a case study of a collaborative art project initiated in Canada’s largest education archive. By enfolding theory and practice, I was able not only to envision and implement a project with students, but also to reorient my role from art teacher to ‘teacher-curator’ and address the non-traditional pedagogic thinking required to facilitate these kinds of projects at the high school level.
Playing the Numbers: The spurious promise of global trafficking statistics
Authors: Feingold David A.
Published: May 2017

‘Playing the numbers,’ ‘the numbers game,’ ‘the policy racket’: for those unfamiliar with American illegal lotteries and some of the legendary gangsters like Bumpy Johnson and Dutch Schultz that turned them into a major revenue stream for organised crime that still flourishes today, the concept was simple. The odds were disproportionately long, but poor people could bet very small amounts. It was, as they used to say, ‘a mugs game’; the organisers did well, while the poor lived on hope.