bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of and obstacles to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among adults in Lebanon: a cross-sectional online survey (Preprint)
Authors: Abou-Arraj Nadeem Elias , Maddah Diana , Buhamdan Vanessa , Abbas Roua , Jawad Nadine Kamel , Karaki Fatima , Alami Nael H. , Geldsetzer Pascal
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic is an additional burden on Lebanon’s stressed population, fragmented healthcare system, and political, economic, and refugee crises. Vaccination is an important means to overcoming the pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

Understanding the population’s intentions to vaccinate, and perceptions of and obstacles to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, can inform Lebanon’s vaccination efforts.

METHODS

We performed a cross-sectional study from 29 Jan 2021 to 11 Mar 2021 using an online questionnaire of open- and closed-ended questions in Arabic via convenience “snowball” sampling to assess the perceptions of adults residing in Lebanon.

RESULTS

1,185 adults participated in the survey. 46.1% [95% CI: 43.2%-49.0%] of survey participants intended to take the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine when available to them, 19.0% [16.8%-21.4%] indicated that they would not, and 34.0% [31.3%-36.8%] were unsure. The most common reasons for hesitancy were concerns about safety, limited testing, side effects, and efficacy. Top motivations for vaccinating were to protect oneself, to protect one’s family and the public, and to end the pandemic. Despite financial hardships in Lebanon, barriers to vaccine access were not frequently described as concerns. Established healthcare facilities, rather than new temporary vaccination centers, were most frequently selected as preferred vaccination sites.

CONCLUSIONS

Vaccine hesitancy appears to be high in Lebanon. Disseminating clear, consistent, evidence-based safety and efficacy information on vaccines may help reduce vaccine hesitancy, especially among the large proportion of adults who appear to be unsure about (rather than opposed to) vaccination.
Adsorption and Inhibition Analysis of Aconitine and Tubocurarine Alkaloids as Eco-friendly Inhibitors of Pitting Corrosion in ASTM – A47 Low Carbon Steel in HCl Acid Environment
Authors: Ugi Benedict Ushaka , Obeten Mbang Eze , Bassey Victoria Mfon , Hitler Louis , Adalikwu Stephen Adie , Omaliko Chijioke Everistus , Nandi Desmond Obi , Uwah Ikama Edet
Published: February 2022

Corrosion is an enormous challenge in all sectors of the economy, especially to those working with metals. The research on the adsorption and inhibition analysis of aconitine alkaloid (ACA) and tubocurarine alkaloid (TBA) as eco-friendly inhibitors of pitting corrosion in ASTM – A47 low carbon steel in HCl acid was carried out under the following experimental methods: gravimetric method, gasometric method, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, and scanning electron microscopy. Results revealed good inhibitors as inhibition efficiencies were recorded at 98.8% and 91.2% at a maximum inhibitor concentration of 1500 ppm for tubocurarine and aconitine alkaloids, respectively. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increasing inhibitor concentrations indicating a strong binding between inhibitor molecules and ASTM – A47 low carbon steel in HCl acid. Electrochemical data strongly supported the efficacy of both inhibitors as earlier presented by the chemical methods as a trend in values of charge transfer resistance, double layer capacitance, corrosion potential, and corrosion current density were in accordance with standards for a good inhibitor. The inhibitors were seen to be spontaneous, stabled, endothermic and physically adsorbed. Adsorption of the inhibitors on metal surface obeyed Langmuir, El-Awady, Freundlich, and Temkin adsorption isotherm as regression values were approximately unity.
Novel Benzo[f]coumarin Derivatives as Probable Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Synthesis, In Vitro, and In Silico Studies for Evaluation of Their Anti-AChE Activity
Authors: Nabeel Zaizafoon , Jaber Qassim Abdul-Hussein , Abdul-Rida Nabeel Abed
Published: February 2022

Novel benzo[f]coumarin derivatives bearing pyrimidine unit were successfully synthesized. The target is to develop novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The benzo[f]coumarin chalcone 4 was prepared via Claisen-Schmidt condensation between 3-acetyl-5,6-benzocoumarin and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde in the alkaline medium. Then, the cyclocondensation of chalcone 4 with urea, thiourea, and guanidine HCl in the presence of glacial acetic acid led to the formation of various pyrimidines. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectra, and elemental analysis. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity tests were carried out using Ellman's assay and donepezil as a reference drug. The biological activity results revealed that the derivatives 6 and 7 inhibit AChE activity in healthy samples showed that the greater inhibition percentage was found respectively at concentrations of 10–4 and 10–10 M while low inhibition percentage was obtained at 10–12 and 10–4 M. AChE showed inhibition constant Ki in the range of 10–4-10–12 M in the presence of maximum and minimum inhibitor concentrations, probably due to variant types of inhibition from non and uncompetitive. In addition, molecular modeling simulations of targeted compounds revealed their mechanism of action as potent inhibitors for the AChE enzyme.
Development of an Analytical Method for Kasugamycin Residue in Herbal Medicine, Achyranthes japonica Nakai
Authors: Choi Jeong Yoon , Ham Hun Ju , Kim Min-woo , Ishag Abd Elaziz Sulieman Ahmed , Hur Jang-Hyun
Published: February 2022

This study developed a suitable analytical method for kasugamycin residues in Achyranthes japonica using LC/MS/MS equipped with an amide column for polar substances. Extraction and cleanup processes were done at pH 4.5–5. Purification efficiency was assessed and confirmed step by step by selecting silica, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), strong cation exchange (SCX), and double (HLB and SCX) cleanup SPE cartridges. The results indicated that silica SPE cartridge exhibited overloading tendency, while HLB SPE cartridge had low cleaning efficiency. Among SPE cartridges used, double cleanup and SCX were found sufficient with respective matrix effects of –15% and +14%, respectively. The LOD and LOQ were 0.008 ng and 0.04 mg/kg, respectively. The correlation coefficient (R2) was higher than 0.99, recovery rate ranges were 86.3–97.2%, and the RSD was below 8.8%. All methods are consistent with the Codex guidelines criteria. This study developed an appropriate LC/MS/MS analytical method for kasugamycin residue analysis in A. japonica with optimized, efficient extraction and purification conditions using a single SCX SPE cartridge, which is simple and time-efficient. In addition, the HLB and SCX SPE cartridges of the double cleanup methods were identified as primary methods that can be applied for the cleanup of other medicinal herbs.
Preparation and Characterization of New Tetra-Dentate N2O2 Schiff Base with Some of Metal Ions Complexes
Authors: Shaalan Naser , Khalaf Waleed Madhloom , Mahdi Shatha
Published: February 2022

This study describes preparation a new series of tetra-dentate N2O2 dinuclear complexes Cr(III), Co(II)and Cu(II) of the Schiff base 2-[5-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl-naphthalen-1-ol], (LH2) derived from 1-hydroxy-naphthalene-2-carbaldehyde with 2-amino-5-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole. These ligands were characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, Mass spectra, elemental analysis, and 1H-NMR. All prepared complexes have been characterized by conductance measurement, magnetic susceptibility, electronic spectra, infrared spectrum, thermal Analysis (TGA), and metal analysis by atomic absorption. The stoichiometry of metal to ligand, magnetic susceptibility, and electronic spectra measurements show an octahedral geometry for all (Cr3+, Co2+, Cu2+) complexes. Conductivity measurement shows that the prepared (Co2+, Cu2+) complexes were nonelectrolyte except (Cr3+). Studying the extraction efficiency such as ligand concentration, temperature and incubation time, centrifuge time, amount of surfactant were evaluated and optimized. The linear range of ions Cr(III), Co(II) and Cu(II) with ligand (0.2–3, 0.2–4, 0.2–3, µg mL–1), each individually, and relative standard deviation (0.15%, 0.34%, 0.46%). The successful method was applied for the determination of trace metal ions in the wastewater.
Synthesis and Docking Study of 2–Aryl-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole Derivatives as Lead Compounds for Antimalarial Agent
Authors: Septiana Ika , Purwono Bambang , Anwar Chairil , Nurohmah Beta Achromi , Syahri Jufrizal
Published: February 2022

Series of 2-aryl-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole derivatives of 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole (1), 2-(4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole (2) and 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole (3) were produced and evaluated for their in vitro antimalarial activities against the chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain. A molecular docking study was also carried out against the crystal protein of Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (PfDHFR-TS) (PDB ID: 1J3I.pdb) to predict the interaction between the compounds and protein. The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters were computationally performed to predict the parameters of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET). Imidazoles were synthesized from aryl aldehyde derivatives with benzyl and ammonium acetate in glacial acetic acid using microwave-assisted-organic synthesis. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 were produced in 64.33, 50.56, and 70.55% yields, respectively. The IC50 of compounds 1, 2, and 3 against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain was found to be 1.14, 5.28, and 2.42 µM, respectively. The molecular docking study agreed with the in vitro data by showing the lowest CDOCKER energy for compound 1 (-47.48 kcal/mol), followed by 3 (-43.79 kcal/mol) and 2 (-41.47 kcal/mol). The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters showed that imidazoles 1, 2, and 3 obeyed Lipinski rules of five to propose as lead compounds for the antimalarial agents.
NiAl Layered Double Hydroxide/Rice Husk Composite for the Efficient Removal of Malachite Green
Authors: Palapa Neza Rahayu , Taher Tarmizi , Normah Normah , Lesbani Aldes
Published: February 2022

Rice husk biochar (BC) loaded NiAl layered double hydroxide (LDH) has been synthesized to form NiAl LDH/BC composite through a co-precipitation method. NiAl LDH/BC has been used as an adsorbent to remove malachite green from water efficiently. The specific surface area analysis revealed that the surface area of NiAl LDH/BC composite increased five times, from 92.6 to 438.9 m2/g, compared to the original NiAl LDH. The adsorption studies revealed that NiAl LDH/BC composite followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic adsorption model while the isotherm followed the Langmuir monolayer adsorption model. The maximum adsorption capacity of NiAl LDH/BC composite prepared with a ratio of 1:1 and 1:0.5 achieved 185.1 mg/g and 142.9 mg/g, respectively, which is twice higher than the pristine ones (NiAl LDH). The thermodynamic parameters, determined at 303, 313, 323, and 333 K, revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The NiAl LDH/BC composite was tested for three consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles to investigate its reusability performance. It is found that their adsorption performance slightly decreased to 71.8% and 68.3% for NiAl LDH/BC composite 1:0.5 and 1:1, respectively. Therefore, it could be considered that the synthesized NiAl LDH/BC exhibited a good and efficient adsorbent for malachite greed removal.
Rotational Barrier and Bond Dissociation Energy and Enthalpy: Computational Study of the Substituent Effects in Para-Substituted Anilines and Phenols
Authors: Yateem Ali Hussain
Published: February 2022

This report presents the N–H and O–H bond dissociation energies (BDEs) and enthalpies (BDEts) of 27 para-substituted anilines and phenols using Density Functional Theory (DFT) with functional wB97X-D and basis set 6-31G**. The computed BDEs/ BDEts show a strong correlation with the calculated rotational barrier (RB) around phenyl–NH2 and phenyl–OH bonds of the parent neutral molecules. Electron-withdrawing (EW) substituents increased RB and BDEs/BDEts, while electron-donating (ED) substituents caused opposite behavior. Geometric, atomic, molecular, and spectroscopic properties of NH2 and OH groups in neutral anilinic and phenolic molecules exhibited excellent correlations with RB and BDEs/BDEts. The geometry around heteroatoms of the radicals displayed constant geometrical changes for all substituents. Spin density maps confirmed that the unpaired electrons in radicals are delocalized in heteroatoms and phenyl rings for all the para-substituents. Spin delocalization in both types of radicals was further enhanced in the presence of para-ED substituents. The increase in electronic density around heteroatoms of radicals with the strength of ED substituents was found proportional to that in neutral molecules. Therefore, the N–H and O–H BDE/BDEt are mainly governed by the stabilization/destabilization of the neutral molecules and, to a significantly lower extent, the stabilization of radicals in the case of strong ED groups.
Computational Design of Thioxanthone Derivatives as Potential Antimalarial Agents through Plasmodium falciparum Protein Inhibition
Authors: Hermawan Faris , Jumina Jumina , Pranowo Harno Dwi , Sholikhah Eti Nurwening , Iresha Muthia Rahayu
Published: February 2022

Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) is the most fatal among the other Plasmodium parasites that infect humans with the malaria disease. Currently, the resistance of P. falciparum against some antifolate drugs has become a severe problem. On the other hand, xanthone and thioxanthone derivatives have been reported to have remarkable antimalarial activity. However, molecular docking studies have not evaluated thioxanthone derivative compounds as antimalarial agents. Accordingly, this research investigated the binding pose and inhibition mechanism of several thioxanthone derivatives against P. falciparum proteins DHFR (PDB ID: 1J3K) and DHODH (PDB ID: 1TV5) through molecular docking study. The compound structures were geometrically optimized using Gaussian 09 software and docked to the receptors using AutoDock4 software. The results showed that the free binding energy of thioxanthone derivatives ranged between -6.77 to -7.50 and -8.45 to -9.55 kcal mol–1 against pfDHFR and pfDHODH, respectively, with RMSD values of less than 2 Å. Compound F (4-iodo-3,4-dihydroxy-thioxanthone) gave the most substantial free binding energy against both proteins. Furthermore, the hydrogen bond interaction of compound F was the same as the native ligands of pfDHFR and pfDHODH. These results suggested that compound F has a more robust interaction in pfDHFR and pfDHODH. Thus, it is promising to further evaluate the compound as a candidate for a new antimalarial agent.
Antimicrobial Properties of Green Disinfectant from Citrus Waste-Infused Used Cooking Oil Using Conventional Method
Authors: Muhd Rodhi Miradatul Najwa , Mohd Zaki Nur Affaaidil Amani , Veny Harumi , Hamzah Fazlena
Published: February 2022

This research aims to formulate a disinfectant from citrus waste-infused used cooking oil through the conventional process and evaluate its effectiveness in microbial elimination. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were utilized to characterize citrus waste-infused used cooking oil. Two prominent bands belonging to the alkane (2921.93–2922.26 cm–1) and ester (1743.60–1743.73 cm–1) were observed on all FTIR spectra. Aside from that, through GC-MS analysis, dried orange-infused used cooking oil was discovered to have the highest percentage content of major antimicrobial compounds such as esters, oxygenated monoterpenoids, triterpenes, and alkaloids with 1.92% of the total amount of compounds found in the sample. However, the agar plate method revealed that the fresh lemon waste-infused used cooking oil disinfectant formulation was the most effective at inhibiting bacterial growth as the colony-forming detected on the agar plates dropped from 20 colonies to nearly zero and from 49 to 3 colonies for the plate swabbed with microbes from the table and doorknob surfaces, respectively. Based on the findings, the citrus waste and used cooking oil were viewed to have the potential as one of the possible ingredients in creating safer disinfectants in the future.
Una propuesta de comprensión oral para aprendientes de español como lengua extranjera
Authors: González Añorve Cecilia
Published: February 2022

La comprensión oral es considerada como una habilidad básica en el aprendizaje de lenguas y el impulso que recibe en los últimos años se debe a su conceptualización como una actividad compleja y activa. Dado que habla­ mos de una actividad compleja, optamos por utilizar el término comprensión oral (C.O.) y no comprensión auditiva, ya que el primero nos permite situarnos dentro de líneas de investigación que consideran no sólo el papel activo del oyente sino otras variables que afectan la comprensión, como las relaciones so­ ciales que el oyente establece en un contexto formal de aprendizaje y que lo favorecen en el proceso de comprensión.

El proceso que seguí para realizar esta investigación consta de tres etapas:

1. La elaboración de la propuesta de comprensión oral;

2. El modelo didáctico de enseñanza en el que la aplico, y

3. El sílabo del cual presentaré un ejercicio.

Como problema de investigación, me planteé conocer cuáles son los procesos de la C.O. que favorecen el desarrollo de esta habilidad en la enseñanza de una segunda lengua. Para resolver esto, mi trabajo consistió en pensar en una pro­puesta de comprensión oral en que se retomara, por una parte, la teoría que se ha producido en la investigación en este campo y, por otra, mi experiencia docente y como diseñadora de cursos.

Se trata de una propuesta integrada ya que enfoca el proceso de comprensión oral en el oyente y, al rnisrno tiempo, considera otras variables que lo afectan corno la interacción que se da en el salón de clase entre alumnos y profesores y los elementos del contexto, que además de estar presentes, pueden ser enfatizados y trasladados corno habilidad o corno significados que se agregan al texto. De es­ta forma, al concepto psicolingüístico se agrega lo social. Así, la propuesta teórica se construye considerando el proceso individual y los elementos sociales.
Los hermanos Ruiz de Alarcón y sor Juana.
Authors: Simón Cristina
Published: February 2022

Esta es una reflexión sobre sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, heredera en algún modo de nuestro dramaturgo; sin embargo, depués pensé que la invitación era un invaluable pretexto para investigar un poco más sobre un tema apasionante pero, hasta la fecha, poco trabajado: la incidencia de los criollos -en este caso concreto de personalidades como los hermanos Ruiz de Alarcón y sor Juana Inés de la Cruz- en la conformación del nacimiento de la conciencia nacional mexicana que derivaría en la Independencia de la Nueva España de la metrópoli algunos siglos después de la vida de estos protagonistas.

Las diferentes reflexiones sobre el papel que jugaron los criollos en este proceso de diferenciación suelen colocarlos en un papel más bien mediocre y, en cuanto a la definición de su propia identidad, se les tacha entre otros calificativos de rencorosos y superficiales. Sin embargo, con base en otras perspectivas más profundas sobre el tema, me atrevo a iniciar, junto a ustedes, la siguiente reflexión.
Modificaciones en las prácticas dietéticas y su relación con enfermedades crónico-degenerativas.
Authors: Flores Lourdes María
Published: February 2022

Se incorpora una perspectiva socio-antropológica con el objetivo de analizar y comprender la correlación entre las representaciones de las enfermedades crónico-degenerativas y las prácticas alimentarias.  La aproximación metodológica de corte cualitativo recupera la noción de representaciones que permite comprender cómo se gestan los cambios en las prácticas alimentarias. La evidencia empírica para el artículo se recopiló mediante 19 entrevistas, realizadas a 13 mujeres y 6 varones de 45 años en promedio, usuarios del servicio de nutrición de una clínica de primer nivel de atención de seguridad social en la ciudad de Cuernavaca, Morelos. Los principales resultados muestran cómo se modulan las modificaciones en las prácticas alimentarias y el papel que juega la representación de alimento–cura, el apoyo familiar y la terapia nutricional integral. Se concluye que cuando existe apego al tratamiento nutricional integral pueden observarse efectos positivos en el control de la enfermedad y estos pueden ayudar a mantener los cambios dietéticos
APOYO Y BARRERAS SOCIALES RECIBIDAS EN EL COMPORTAMIENTO ALIMENTARIO DE MUJERES CON OBESIDAD
Authors: Medina Sifuentes Mayra Goretti , González-Torres Marina Liliana , Salazar Garza Martha Leticia , Navarro Contreras Gabriela
Published: February 2022

Una de las principales causas de la obesidad es la alimentación. La alimentación forma parte del medio social y algunas de las variables sociales que han sido ligadas con el bienestar y la salud son el apoyo y las barreras sociales. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las diferencias del comportamiento alimentario, el apoyo y las barreras sociales recibidas en mujeres con obesidad y normo peso en el contexto natural de alimentación. Participaron cinco mujeres con obesidad y cinco con normo peso, quienes fueron video grabadas con su consentimiento cuatro días consecutivos durante el momento de la alimentación de la “comida” en su hogar; se registró y pesó el alimento. Se registraron  las conductas de alimentación de apoyo y barreras sociales recibidas a partir de catálogos de observación sistemática elaborados exprofeso.  Los resultados mostraron que las mujeres con obesidad ingirieron una mayor frecuencia y cantidad de bebidas endulzadas, antojitos mexicanos fritos y comida rápida. Además, recibieron una mayor frecuencia de barreras instrumentales para alimentarse saludablemente. En conclusión, es necesario abordar el medio social en el que la alimentación tiene lugar, ya que el tipo de interacciones sociales pueden estar jugando un papel importante en la alimentación.
Iodic Acid Catalyzed Efficient Synthesis of 2-Amino Thiazoles
Authors: Shitre Praveen V. , Shitare Ganesh V , Chavan Omprakash S. , Hebade Madhav J.
Published: February 2022

Abstract: This study describes a straightforward, efficient, one-step, environmentally friendly synthesis of 2-aminothiazoles. This green procedure was catalyzed using an Iodic Acid catalyst and PEG-400 as green solvent. The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS analyses. Keywords: 2-aminothiazoles, Iodic acid, PEG-400: H2O
Comparación de ecuaciones para ajustar curvas de crecimiento de vacas Holstein, Jersey y Jersey x Holstein en pastoreo
Authors: Contreras Piña Sonia , García Muñiz José Guadalupe , Ramírez Valverde Rodolfo , Núñez Domínguez Rafael , González Ariceaga Citlalli Celeste
Published: February 2022

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la bondad de ajuste de cuatro ecuaciones no lineales para describir las curvas de crecimiento de vacas Jersey, Holstein, y Jersey x Holstein en pastoreo. Las ecuaciones de Brody, Gompertz, von Bertalanffy, y Logística se ajustaron a los datos (n= 2,315) de peso y edad de vacas Jersey (n= 54), Holstein (n= 6) y Jersey x Holstein (n= 30). Para cada animal, genotipo y ecuación, se estimaron los parámetros A, b y k que produjeron las curvas de crecimiento de mejor ajuste. En cada una de las cuatro ecuaciones comparadas, el parámetro A corresponde a la asíntota superior de la curva y estima el ‘peso maduro’ del animal, los parámetros b y k representan la constante de integración y la tasa de maduración. Para las curvas de crecimiento de las vacas Jersey y las cruzas de Jersey x Holstein, las ecuaciones de Gompertz y de von Bertalanffy produjeron el mejor ajuste. En contraste, la ecuación Logística tuvo el mejor ajuste para las curvas de crecimiento de Holstein, seguida muy de cerca por las ecuaciones de Gompertz y von Bertalanffy. En las condiciones de manejo y alimentación de los animales en este estudio, las curvas de crecimiento de las hembras de los tres genotipos estudiados pueden ajustarse con la ecuación de von Bertalanffy.
Digestibilidad in vitro de gramíneas Brachiaria con líquido ruminal bovino y ovino como inóculo
Authors: Vinhas Itavo Luis Carlos , Brandão Ferreira Ítavo Camila Celeste , Borges do Valle Cacilda , Dias Menezes Alexandre , Dos Santos Difante Gelson , Da Graça Morais Maria , Muniz Soares Claudia , Da Silva Pereira Camila , Lopes Oliveira Ronaldo
Published: February 2022

It was hypothesized that it is possible that inoculum from different ruminant species with different digestive abilities feeding from a certain forage may show different feed utilizations comparing to other ruminant species. Five Brachiaria grasses were evaluated: B. decumbens cv. Basilisk, B. decumbens access D70, B. humidicola cv. Tupi, B. humidicola cv. Common, and B. ruziziensis access R124, at two regrowth ages (21 and 42 d). Production, bromatological content, in vitro dry matter digestibility (ivDMD) and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (ivNDFD) were analyzed using bovine or ovine inoculums. The experiment used a 5 × 2 × 2 factorial design and found significant effects for grass variety and regrowth age. In addition, significant interactions from grass × age on dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of total sample and leaf blade were found. There were significant effect of grass variety and grass age on forage mass, leaf blade/stem ratio, leaf blade, stem, senescent material and growth. In vitro digestibility assays of inoculum source showed significant effect in some varieties. Due to differences in in vitro assays, it was recommended the use of species-specific inoculums for feed evaluations according to the animal it is intended for. Also, B. decumbens cv. Basilisk presented the best in vitro digestibility (ivDMD and ivNDFD) in bovine inoculum, whereas B. humidicola cv. Tupi had better in vitro digestibility (ivDMD and ivNDFD) in ovine inoculum.
Efectividad del aceite de canola en dietas de cerdos para mejorar el perfil lipídico de la carne
Authors: Soni-Guillermo Eutiquio , Figueroa-Velasco José Luis , Sánchez-Torres-Esqueda María Teresa , Cordero-Mora José Luis , Hernández-Cázares Aleida Selene , Martínez-Aispuro José Alfredo , Copado-Bueno José M. Fernando , Crosby-Galván María Magdalena
Published: February 2022

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el nivel máximo de inclusión de aceite de canola (AC) en dietas para cerdos en finalización, para incrementar el contenido de ácido oleico y ácidos grasos insaturados y mejorar la relación Ω6: Ω3 en la carne, sin afectar el comportamiento productivo, características de la canal y fisicoquímicas de la carne. Los tratamientos fueron: la sustitución gradual de aceite de soya (6%) por AC en dietas para cerdos en etapa de finalización I y II (0, 2, 4 y 6% de AC). Las unidades experimentales fueron 48 cerdos machos castrados con peso vivo inicial de 50.00 ± 4.5 kg, evaluados durante cuatro semanas en cada etapa. Con los datos obtenidos se realizó un ANDEVA y se detectaron tendencias lineales o cuadráticas (P≤0.10). En finalización I la ganancia de peso disminuyó con la inclusión de 2% de AC, aunque la incorporación de 2 y 4% de AC no tuvo efecto. En finalización II, un nivel entre 2-4% de AC redujo el consumo de alimento y mejoró la conversión alimenticia (P≤0.05). La adición de AC no modificó las características de la canal y no afectó las características fisicoquímicas de la carne (P≥0.10). El AC en la dieta aumentó la concentración de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (AGMI) y ácido oleico (P≤0.05); redujo el ácido linoleico (P≤0.03), ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (P≤0.07) y la relación Ω6:Ω3 (P≤0.01). En conclusión, la adición de AC (2-6%) en la dieta de cerdos en finalización incrementa gradualmente el contenido de ácido oleico y de AGMI, además, mejora la relación Ω6:Ω3 en la carne de cerdo, sin afectar las variables productivas y la calidad de la carne.
Relación entre la resistencia a antibióticos y la producción de biofilm de aislados de Staphylococcus aureus provenientes de mastitis bovina
Authors: Guzmán-Rodríguez Jaquelina Julia , Salinas-Pérez Estefanía , León-Galván Fabiola , Barboza-Corona José Eleazar , Valencia-Posadas Mauricio , Ávila-Ramos Fidel , Hernández-Marín José Antonio , Ramírez-Sáenz Diana , Gutiérrez-Chávez Abner Josué
Published: February 2022

El objetivo fue analizar la relación entre el perfil de resistencia a antibióticos y la formación de biofilm de aislados de S. aureus provenientes de mastitis bovina. Se analizaron 30 aislados de S. aureus procedentes de casos de mastitis subclínica en granjas lecheras en sistemas de producción semi-intensivo y de traspatio ubicadas en los estados de Guanajuato y Michoacán, México. Se realizó un antibiograma por el método de difusión en disco Kirbi Bauer. La formación de biofilm se determinó por el método de tinción con cristal violeta. Para la evaluación de genes de resistencia a antibióticos y de formación de biofilm se obtuvo ADN genómico de una colonia para la identificación de los genes: blaZ, mecA, tetK, tetM, gyrA y gyrB, y icaA e icaD. Los resultados mostraron que el 100 % de los aislados fueron resistentes a penicilina  y dicloxacilina, seguidos  por cefotaxima  (86.6 %),  ampicilina y cefalotina (83.3 %) y ceftazidima (80.0 %), mientras que se observó un 36.6 % de resistencia a oxacilina. Se identificó que todos los aislados de S. aureus presentaron la capacidad de formar biofilm con un rango del 20 a 98 %. Se observó además que los aislados con una multirresistencia elevada presentaron una mayor formación de biofilm; estableciéndose una correlación positiva significativa. En conclusión, los aislados de S. aureus provenientes de mastitis bovina presentaron elevados niveles de resistencia a antibióticos; así como una importante capacidad formadora de biofilm, demostrando la existencia de una correlación positiva entre estos dos factores.
Linfadenitis caseosa: factores de virulencia, patogénesis y vacunas. Revisión
Authors: Rodríguez Domínguez Maria Carla , Montes de Oca Jiménez Roberto , Varela Guerrero Jorge Antonio
Published: February 2022

La linfadenitis caseosa es una enfermedad que afecta la producción ovina y caprina a nivel mundial. El agente etiológico es una bacteria Gram positiva, intracelular facultativa denominada Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biovar ovis. La enfermedad puede cursar con un desarrollo cutáneo o visceral, provocando deterioro en la condición física del animal, así como pérdidas en la producción de leche y carne, decomiso de las canales, rechazo de las pieles y como consecuencia, grandes pérdidas económicas. El estudio de los factores de virulencia y los mecanismos de patogénesis han permitido comprender esta enfermedad, así como establecer las moléculas diana para el desarrollo de nuevas vacunas. Existen vacunas comerciales disponibles a nivel mundial; sin embargo, la protección conferida por éstas no ha sido eficaz en el control de la enfermedad. Actualmente el uso de nuevas tecnologías ha permitido la obtención y caracterización de proteínas con potencial inmunogénico para el desarrollado de nuevas vacunas, las cuales podrían ser una alternativa para incrementar la protección. En el presente trabajo se exponen los principales factores de virulencia de Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, sus implicaciones en la patogénesis y las tendencias actuales en las formulaciones vacunales.
Frecuencia de anticuerpos séricos contra los virus de la rinotraqueitis infecciosa bovina y diarrea viral bovina en toros, y su relación con la presencia de los virus en semen
Authors: Rosete Fernández Jorge Víctor , Socci Escatell Guadalupe A. , Fragoso Islas Abraham , Zárate Martínez Juan Prisciliano , Olazarán Jenkins Sara , Granados Zurita Lorenzo , Ríos Utrera Ángel
Published: February 2022

El objetivo fue estimar la frecuencia de anticuerpos séricos contra los virus de la rinotraqueitis infecciosa bovina (VRIB) y diarrea viral bovina (VDVB) en toros no vacunados, así como la relación entre la presencia de anticuerpos en suero y la presencia de dichos virus en semen. Los anticuerpos se detectaron mediante ELISA, mientras que la presencia de los virus en semen mediante PCR. Se realizaron análisis de regresión logística con PROC GENMOD de SAS. Los factores fueron: estado, hato anidado en estado, y genotipo del toro (excepto para la presencia de los virus en semen). El grado de asociación entre la presencia de anticuerpos séricos y la presencia de los virus en semen se midió mediante la correlación phi (r). Ninguno de los tres factores fue significativo (P>0.05). Para el VRIB, la frecuencia de anticuerpos séricos por estado varió de 66 a 86 %, mientras que por hato varió de 28 a 90 %. Para el VDVB, la frecuencia de anticuerpos séricos por estado osciló de 58 a 76 %, mientras que por hato osciló de 43 a 86 %. La presencia del VRIB en semen, por estado, varió de 50 a 55 %, mientras que por hato varió de 33 a 80 %. No se encontró asociación (P>0.05) entre la presencia de anticuerpos en suero y la presencia del VRIB (r=0.07) y VDVB en semen (r=0.16). La presencia de anticuerpos séricos sugiere la infección de los toros, pero la presencia de los virus en semen sugiere su transmisión por contacto sexual.
Ensilado de orujo de uva (Vitis labrusca L. cv. Isabel) en la digestibilidad de nutrientes, balance de nitrógeno y comportamiento ingestivo de corderos
Authors: Massaro Junior Fernando Luiz , Bumbieris Junior Valter Harry , Zanin Ediane , Sales Pereira Elzânia , Neumann Mikael , Galbeiro Sandra , Prado Calixto Odimari Pricila , Mizubuti Ivone Yurika
Published: February 2022

This study investigated the inclusion of grape pomace silage (GPS; 0, 10, 20 and 30%) were evaluated in diets of lambs on nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance and ingestive behavior. Four lambs of the Santa Inês breed with weight of 21.93 ± 0.87 kg and approximately seven months old, were housed in metabolic cages and distributed in a 4x4 latin square design. The treatments consisted of four diets with the inclusion of 0, 10, 20 and 30% GPS in diets. The nutrient intake was observed an increasing linear behavior for ether extract (EE) intake (P<0.05) according to the increase of EE in the diets, caused by content of EE of seeds in GPS. The diets did not differ in the digestibility coefficients of nutrients and nitrogen balance (P>0.05), with average digestibility of dry matter digestibility (DDM) of 678.6 ± 0.62 g kg-1 DM and average retention of 239.78 g kg-1 N ingested of N. The ingestive behavior the diets were influenced (P<0.05) by only the length of time that the animals remained idle in standing. This parameter showed a quadratic behavior with a maximum point estimated at 17.73 % of GPS (P=0.041). In conclusion, the use of GPS can be used until inclusion level of 30 % without negatively affecting the parameters evaluated.
Utilidad de la espectroscopia infrarroja con transformada de Fourier (IRTF) para detectar larvas musculares de Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835) en jamón y salchichas hechas de carne de un cerdo infectado experimentalmente
Authors: De la Rosa Arana Jorge Luis , Ponce Noguez Jesús Benjamín , Gallardo Velázquez Tzayhri , Reyes Rodríguez Nydia Edith , Zepeda Velázquez Andrea Paloma , López Lugo Ana Berenice , Sánchez Paredes Alejandro Pablo , Martinez Labat Pablo , Gómez De Anda* Fabián Ricardo
Published: February 2022

The aim of this work was to determine the usefulness of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to detect muscle larvae of Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835) in ham and sausages made from the meat of an experimentally infected pig. It was searched for the muscle larvae (ML) by conventional methods (artificial digestion and trichinoscopy stained with Mayer´s hemalum stain) and by FTIR spectroscopy. In addition, the infective capacity of the larvae found in swine products was analyzed. The parasite load was 8.5 ± 3 mL/g in ham and 4.5 ± 1.4 mL/g in sausage (P<0.0001). The spectra of the pig products prepared with the meat of an uninfected pig were different in the range of 1,700 to 900 cm-1 with respect to the spectra of the products from infected pigs. In this region, glycogen is the most abundant chemical group (1,200 and 900 cm-1). The distance between classes between non-infested and infested products was 10.2 for ham and 5.52 for sausages (three is the minimum value to indicate class separation). The infective capacity of the larvae recovered from pig products decreased up to five times compared to that of the larvae obtained from experimentally infected mice. These results show that the FTIR spectroscopy is useful to determine the presence of T. spiralis larvae in the foods studied here. Further studies are needed to determine the influence of meat flavors on the detection of Trichinella by FTIR spectroscopy.
La interfaz suelo-planta en Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombasa sometida a diferentes dosis de nitrógeno en pastoreo rotacional
Authors: Cardoso Sousa Caryze Cristine , Baptaglin Montagner Denise , Romeiro de Araújo Alexandre , Pacheco Batista Euclides Valéria , Dos Santos Difante Gelson , Chaves Gurgel Antonio Leandro , Lopes de Souza Daniele
Published: February 2022

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of three nitrogen (N) doses on the morphogenic and structural characteristics, root mass (RM) and distribution in the soil profile, and penetration soil resistance of Mombasa guineagrass pastures managed with rotational stocking. The experimental design used randomized blocks with three N doses (100, 200, and 300 kg ha-1) and three replicates. The criterion for interrupting the pastures’ regrowth was the height of 80 to 90 cm of the canopy (90–95 % of light interception by the canopy). The animals were removed from the paddocks when the canopy reached 50 % of the pre-grazing height. Forage mass and accumulation, canopy morphogenic and structural characteristics, RM and distribution in the soil profile, and soil resistance to penetration were evaluated. In pastures fertilized with 200 and 300 kg ha-1 of N, the highest leaf appearance  (0.090 and 0.081 leaves-1 tiller-1 d-1),  elongation rates (2.82 and 2.61 cm tiller-1 d-1) and highest daily forage accumulation (113.8 and 106.6 kg ha-1d-1) were observed. Using 300 kg ha-1 of N promoted greater soil resistance to penetration at 10 cm of depth in the post-grazing (3.3 MPa). No effect of N doses was observed for RM (P>0.05). The pre- and post-grazing height control of animals in the paddocks therefore helped to maintain the pasture structure and avoid the soil compaction process. According to the results, it is concluded that 200 and 300 kg ha-1 of N fertilization is a strategy for intensifying pastures.
THE RESONANT STRUCTURE OF SOLAR SYSTEM - HALF A CENTURY OF REFLECTION AND DISCUSSION
Authors: Vladimirsky B. M , Panchelyuga V. A
Published: February 2022

The article summarizes ideas of A.M. Molchanov about cooperative property of the Solar system - its “maximum synchronicity”. The general scientific significance of the principle of “maximum synchronicity” is discussed on an interdisciplinary basis. It is noted that the considered theoretical ideas have received numerous observational confirmations. In recent decades, it has been shown that: solar activity are involved in general dynamic of solar system; special resonance periods were found in the dynamics of the solar system; found correlations of variations in the total magnetic field of the Sun and the dynamics of planets; the important role of synchronization in the formation of the fine structure of Saturn's rings is shown. Synchronicity is found in many phenomena in the habitat of our planet.
DEDICATED TO THE 200th ANNIVERSARY OF PAFNUTI LVOVICH CHEBYSHEV
Authors: Bisengaliev R. A , Tugulchieva V. S
Published: February 2022

This short article is dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the outstanding Russian mathematician - P.L. Chebyshev. P.L. Chebyshev was born in May 1821 in the village of Okatovo, Borovsk district. P.L. Chebyshev is one of the founders of the St. Petersburg or, as it is called, the Chebyshev mathematical school. The mathematician made a significant contribution to the development of number theory, probability theory, mathematical analysis and is one of the founders of the constructive theory of function. This paper discusses some of the results of P.L. Chebyshev related to the problem of the distribution of prime numbers. As you know, this problem is closely related to the currently most famous mathematical problem - the Riemann hypothesis.
Primo Levi, razão, narração, lacunas
Authors: Gagnebin Jeanne Marie
Published: February 2022

O artigo defende a hipótese de que talvez o impacto maior dos testemunhos dos livros de Primo Levi venha de seu tom sóbrio, preciso, quase neutro, típico de uma descrição orientada pela racionalidade iluminista, pela Aufklärung, mas, ao mesmo tempo, desprovida do otimismo latente que costumava acompanhar tal confiança na razão. Uma linguagem clara, uma sintaxe clássica, que combinam sem problema com situações absurdas e cruéis, com a impossibilidade de qualquer previsão. Como em Kafka, que Levi traduziu, entendemos tudo, mas não parece existir nenhuma significação determinada.
Análisis de indicadores de gestión del servicio de cirugía en una institución de salud de alta complejidad
Authors: Uribe-Gómez Julián Alberto , Barrientos-Gómez Juan Guillermo
Published: February 2022

En la actualidad existe un creciente interés por parte de clínicas y hospitales en analizar los datos generados en los procesos hospitalarios, especialmente en las áreas quirúrgicas, esto con el fin de implementar estándares que permitan llegar a buenas prácticas asistenciales y optimizar los procesos de prestación de servicios. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar, mediante herramientas estadísticas, los datos pertenecientes a los indicadores generados en el proceso de quirófanos en una institución de salud de alta complejidad. La metodología utilizada se centró en aplicar análisis estadístico exploratorio y control estadístico en una colección de datos desde el 2004 hasta el 2019 para cuatro indicadores principales: número de intervenciones quirúrgicas, porcentaje de utilización de quirófanos, porcentaje de utilización de quirófanos para cirugías electivas y porcentaje de cancelación de cirugías. Como hallazgos se determinó el comportamiento y la interpretación de los cuatro indicadores principales pertenecientes al proceso de quirófanos, donde se observa que existe una necesidad de establecer controles y estándares al proceso mediante la estructuración y creación de herramientas de análisis de indicadores. Se espera que lo anterior contribuya en la adecuada toma de decisiones científicas y administrativas a los órganos encargados del control asistencial en las unidades de salud.
Analisis Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Daring di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Pada Guru Mata pelajaran IPA di SMP Kota Jambi
Authors: Faorika Ema , Hamidah Afreni , Anggereini Evita
Published: February 2022

Learning in schools is carried out online in Jambi City. This is done to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 virus. The purpose of the study was to analyze the implementation of online learning and find out the obstacles encountered by science subject teachers in Jambi City Junior High Schools during online learning. This type of research is a mixed method using an explanatory mixed method research design. Researchers distributed survey questionnaires via google form to respondents and conducted interviews via whatsapp. The data were analyzed using SPSS to determine the validity and reliability with the Cronbach alpha test. The results showed that the implementation of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic for science subject teachers at Jambi City Junior High School with the online learning planning stage, the online learning process stage and the online learning assessment stage had been carried out with various obstacles during its implementation. One of the most conspicuous obstacles is that 80.36% of the teachers are digital immigrant generations so that these teachers include teachers who have limited human resources, namely lack of technology (internet) skills. Constraints encountered during the implementation of online learning are limited human resources, limited facilities and infrastructure and constraints on students' personalities.
Abstrak. Pembelajaran di sekolah dilaksanakan secara daring di Kota Jambi. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mencegah penularan virus covid-19. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring dan mengetahui kendala yang ditemui guru mata pelajaran IPA di SMP Kota Jambi selama pembelajaran daring. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian campuran (mix method) dengan menggunakan desain eksplanatori (explanatory mixed method research design). Peneliti menyebarkan angket survey via google form kepada responden dan melakukan wawancara via whatsapp. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS untuk mengetahui Validitas dan Reliabilitas dengan uji Cronbach alpha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi covid 19 pada guru mata pelajaran IPA di SMP Kota Jambi dengan tahap perencanaan pembelajaran daring, tahap proses pembelajaran daring dan tahap penilaian pembelajaran daring telah dilaksanakan dengan berbagai kendala selama pelaksanaanya. Salah satu kendala yang paling mencolok adalah 80,36% guru tersebut merupakan generasi digital immigrant sehingga guru-guru tersebut termasuk guru yang memiliki keterbatasan sumber daya manusia yaitu kurang menguasai teknologi (internet). Kendala yang ditemui selama pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring yaitu keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana dan kendala pada pribadi siswa.