bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflexivity as a transformative capacity for sustainability science: introducing a critical systems approach
Authors: Lazurko Anita , Moore Michele-Lee , Haider L. Jamila , West Simon , McCarthy Daniel D. P.
Published: January 2025

Non-technical summary

Transdisciplinary sustainability scientists work with many different actors in pursuit of change. In so doing they make choices about why and how to engage with different perspectives in their research. Reflexivity – active individual and collective critical reflection – is considered an important capacity for researchers to address the resulting ethical and practical challenges. We developed a framework for reflexivity as a transformative capacity in sustainability science through a critical systems approach, which helps make any decisions that influence which perspectives are included or excluded in research explicit. We suggest that transdisciplinary sustainability research can become more transformative by nurturing reflexivity.

Technical summary

Transdisciplinary sustainability science is increasingly applied to study transformative change. Yet, transdisciplinary research involves diverse actors who hold contrasting and sometimes conflicting perspectives and worldviews. Reflexivity is cited as a crucial capacity for navigating the resulting challenges, yet notions of reflexivity are often focused on individual researcher reflections that lack explicit links to the collective transdisciplinary research process and predominant modes of inquiry in the field. This gap presents the risk that reflexivity remains on the periphery of sustainability science and becomes ‘unreflexive’, as crucial dimensions are left unacknowledged. Our objective was to establish a framework for reflexivity as a transformative capacity in sustainability science through a critical systems approach. We developed and refined the framework through a rapid scoping review of literature on transdisciplinarity, transformation, and reflexivity, and reflection on a scenario study in the Red River Basin (US, Canada). The framework characterizes reflexivity as the capacity to nurture a dynamic, embedded, and collective process of self-scrutiny and mutual learning in service of transformative change, which manifests through interacting boundary processes – boundary delineation, interaction, and transformation. The case study reflection suggests how embedding this framework in research can expose boundary processes that block transformation and nurture more reflexive and transformative research.

Social media summary

Transdisciplinary sustainability research may become more transformative by nurturing reflexivity as a dynamic, embedded, and collective learning process.
Medication use is associated with distinct microbial features in anxiety and depression
Authors: Dilmore Amanda Hazel , Kuplicki Rayus , McDonald Daniel , Kumar Megha , Estaki Mehrbod , Youngblut Nicholas , Tyakht Alexander , Ackermann Gail , Blach Colette , MahmoudianDehkordi Siamak , Dunlop Boadie W. , Bhattacharyya Sudeepa , Guinjoan Salvador , Mandaviya Pooja , Ley Ruth E. , Kaddaruh-Dauok Rima , Paulus Martin P. , Knight Rob ,   on behalf of Alzheimer Gut Microbiome Project Consortium
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the relationship between gut microbiota and neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs), specifically anxiety disorder (ANXD) and/or major depressive disorder (MDD), as defined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV or V criteria. The study also examined the influence of medication use, particularly antidepressants and/or anxiolytics, classified through the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System, on the gut microbiota. Both 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (16S) and shallow shotgun sequencing (WGS) were performed on DNA extracted from 666 fecal samples from the Tulsa-1000 and Neurocomputational Mechanisms of Affiliation and Personality Study Center for Biomedical Research Excellence (NeuroMAP CoBRE) cohorts. The results highlight the significant influence of medication use; antidepressant use is associated with significant differences in gut microbiota beta diversity and has a larger effect size than NPD diagnosis. Next, specific microbes were associated with ANXD and MDD, highlighting their potential for non-pharmacological intervention. Finally, the study demonstrated the capability of Random Forest classifiers to predict diagnoses of NPD and medication use from microbial profiles, suggesting a promising direction for the use of gut microbiota as biomarkers for NPD. Though the effect sizes were larger in females than males, similar trends emerged for both sexes. These findings encourage future research on the gut microbiota’s role in NPD and its interactions with pharmacological treatments.
PSMA2 promotes chemo- and radioresistance of oral squamous cell carcinoma by modulating mitophagy pathway
Authors: Wang Chun-I , Chen Cheng-Yi , Chen Ting-Wen , Cheng Chun-Chia , Hong Shu-Wen , Tsai Tsung-You , Chang Kai-Ping
Published: January 2025

Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents the most prevalent malignancy among head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Standard treatment modalities include surgical resection combined with radiation and chemotherapy. However, locoregional failure remains a critical issue affecting the prognosis of OSCC patients, largely due to tumor resistance against radiation or chemotherapy. In this study, we established a gene database related to OSCC recurrence and identified PSMA2 as a novel molecule influencing prognosis in OSCC patients. An independent Taiwanese cohort confirmed that elevated PSMA2 transcript levels were associated with poorer prognosis and contributed to the chemo- and radioresistance phenotype in OSCC. Furthermore, we confirmed that PSMA2 regulates cell cycle, mitochondrial dysfunction, and mitophagy, thereby contributing to carcinogenesis and resistance. Notably, mitophagy inducer exhibit antitumor effects in PSMA2-overexpressing OSCC xenograft mouse model. Collectively, our results provide a mechanistic understanding of the atypical function of PSMA2 in promoting OSCC recurrence.
Does adopting a healthy diet improve periodontal parameters in patients susceptible to periodontal disease? A systematic review
Authors: Glavin Charlotte , Gartshore James , Jackson Guy , Bonsor Steve
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate evidence relating to whether adopting a diet, associated with improved outcomes for chronic systemic diseases with an inflammatory component, can improve periodontal parameters in patients with periodontal diseases.

Data sources

Electronic databases and one platform were systematically searched; Medline, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library including references of relevant studies.

Data selection and extraction

1220 studies were identified of which 9 studies were eligible; 4 RCT’s, 1 controlled trial and 4 observational cohort studies

Data synthesis

8 out of 9 studies found improved periodontal parameters associated with a diet that was low in refined carbohydrates, low in saturated fats, high in fibre and high in nutrition but the studies were low to medium quality of evidence and the diets, method of recording the diets and periodontal parameters varied between the studies as did the study duration and age of participants.

Conclusion

Current evidence supports the hypothesis that adopting a healthy diet has the potential to positively impact periodontal parameters in patients with periodontal diseases, particularly in the older population but the effects may be negated by confounding factors such as smoking. 9 studies were included in the review which were rated moderate or low quality of evidence.
Heterochromatic gene silencing controls CD4+ T cell susceptibility to regulatory T cell-mediated suppression in a murine allograft model
Authors: Noguerol Julie , Laviolette Karl , Zahm Margot , Chaubet Adeline , Sahal Ambrine , Détraves Claire , Torres Romain , Demont Clothilde , Adoue Véronique , Joffre Carine , Cammas Florence , van Meerwijk Joost PM , Joffre Olivier P.
Published: January 2025

Protective immune responses require close interactions between conventional (Tconv) and regulatory T cells (Treg). The extracellular mediators and signaling events that regulate the crosstalk between these CD4+ T cell subsets have been extensively characterized. However, how Tconv translate Treg-dependent suppressive signals at the chromatin level remains largely unknown. Here we show, using a murine bone marrow allograft model in which graft rejection is coordinated by CD4+ T cells and can be inhibited by Treg, that Treg-mediated T cell suppression involves Heterochromatin Protein 1 α (HP1α)-dependent gene silencing. Unexpectedly, our screen also reveals that T cells deficient for HP1γ or the methyltransferase SUV39H1 are better repressed by Treg than their wild-type counterparts. Mechanistically, our transcriptional and epigenetic profiling identifies HP1γ as a negative regulator of a gene network functionally associated with T-cell exhaustion, including those encoding the inhibitory receptors PD-1 and LAG-3. In conclusion, we identify HP1 variants as rheostats that finely tune the balance between tolerance and immunity. While HP1α converts immunosuppressive signals into heterochromatin-dependent gene silencing mechanisms, HP1γ adjusts Tconv sensitivity to inhibitory environmental signals.
Comparative measurement of short-term fluoride release and inhibition of caries around restoration by ion releasing restorative materials: an in vitro study
Authors: El-Adl Eman T. , Ebaya Maha M. , Habib El-Sayed E. , Zaghloul Nadia M.
Published: January 2025

The main objective of the current study is to compare short-term fluoride release of three ion releasing restorative materials and assess their inhibitory effect on secondary caries. Materials used in this study included, Self-adhesive hybrid composite (group A), Ion releasing flowable composite liner (group B), and alkasite restorative material (group C). Twenty-two discs were fabricated from each material for short-term fluoride release test, conducted on days 1, 7, and 14. For assessing secondary caries inhibition, sixty-six sound molar teeth were used and standardized class V cavities were prepared. Teeth were divided into three groups according to each material, followed by 800 cycles of thermocycling. Subsequently, teeth were immersed in a solution containing cariogenic bacteria for 30 days. After that, teeth were sectioned bucco-lingually and analyzed using a polarized light microscope to measure inhibition area, outer lesion depth, and extension. Data was statistically analyzed using different tests. The study results revealed a statistically significant differences in fluoride release existed among materials. Self-adhesive hybrid composite exhibited the highest fluoride release. Lesion extension and depth were statistically significantly greater next to Ion-releasing flowable composite liner. The inhibition areas next to the Self-adhesive hybrid composite were statistically significantly larger than the other two materials. In conclusion, all tested ion-releasing restorative materials displayed fluoride release and the potential to inhibit secondary caries formation. Self-adhesive hybrid composite demonstrated the highest fluoride-releasing potential and the greatest ability to inhibit secondary caries. Conversely, Ion-releasing flowable composite liner exhibited the least fluoride release with minimal secondary caries inhibition. Increasing fluoride release correlated with larger inhibition areas and reduced outer lesion depth and extension.
Emerging biofilm formation and disinfectant susceptibility of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Khalefa Hanan S. , Arafa Amany A. , Hamza Dalia , El-Razik Khaled A. Abd , Ahmed Zeinab
Published: January 2025

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for various infections in humans and animals. It is known for its resistance to multiple antibiotics, particularly through the production of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs), and its ability to form biofilms that further complicate treatment. This study aimed to isolate and identify K. pneumoniae from animal and environmental samples and assess commercial disinfectants’ effectiveness against K. pneumoniae isolates exhibiting ESBL-mediated resistance and biofilm-forming ability in poultry and equine farms in Giza Governorate, Egypt. A total of 320 samples, including nasal swabs from equine (n = 60) and broiler chickens (n = 90), environmental samples (n = 140), and human hand swabs (n = 30), were collected. K. pneumoniae was isolated using lactose broth enrichment and MacConkey agar, with molecular confirmation via PCR targeting the gyrA and magA genes. PCR also identified ESBL genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaOXA-1) and biofilm genes (luxS, Uge, mrkD). Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed, and the efficacy of five commercial disinfectants was evaluated by measuring inhibition zones. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from poultry (13.3%), equine (8.3%), wild birds (15%), water (10%), feed (2%), and human hand swabs (6.6%). ESBL and biofilm genes were detected in the majority of the isolates, with significant phenotypic resistance to multiple antibiotics. The disinfectants containing peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide were the most effective, producing the largest inhibition zones, while disinfectants based on sodium hypochlorite and isopropanol showed lower efficacy. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the effectiveness of disinfectants against K. pneumoniae isolates across various sample origins (P < 0.05). The presence of K. pneumoniae in animal and environmental sources, along with the high prevalence of ESBL-mediated resistance and biofilm-associated virulence genes, underscores the zoonotic potential of this pathogen. The study demonstrated that disinfectants containing peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide are highly effective against ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae. Implementing appropriate biosecurity measures, including the use of effective disinfectants, is essential for controlling the spread of resistant pathogens in farm environments.
Associations between surrogate insulin resistance indexes and osteoarthritis: NHANES 2003–2016
Authors: Lan Youmian , Zheng Qiongbing , Li Meijing , Chen Jiexin , Huang Dongyang , Lin Ling
Published: January 2025

Insulin resistance (IR) and abdominal obesity are key in osteoarthritis (OA) development. The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, along with indicators such as the visceral adiposity index (VAI), and lipid accumulation product (LAP), are increasingly used to measure IR. This study aims to explore the associations between surrogate IR indexes and OA, assessing their diagnostic efficacy within American populations. This study included 14,715 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2016. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline were used to explore the relationship between surrogate IR indexes and OA. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of these indices, with the area under the curve (AUC) as the metric. TyG, glucose triglyceride-waist circumference (TyG-WC), glucose triglyceride-body mass index (TyG-BMI), glucose triglyceride-waist height ratio (TyG-WHtR), VAI and LAP were significantly and positively associated with the prevalence of OA (all p < 0.01). After adjusting for various potential confounders, TyG-WC, TyG-BMI, TyG-WHtR and LAP remained significantly correlated with the prevalence of OA. Furthermore, restricted cubic spline revealed a nonlinear association between TyG-BMI, TyG-WHtR and LAP (all P-non-linear < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that TyG-WHtR (AUC 0.633) demonstrated more robust diagnostic efficacy. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis produced results consistent with the primary findings. TyG and its combination with obesity indicators and LAP, are positively associated with the prevalence of OA, with TyG-WHtR showing the highest diagnostic efficacy.
Electret integrated magnetic field sensor based on magnetostrictive polymer composite with nT resolution
Authors: Zimoch Lukas , Schröder Stefan , Elzenheimer Eric , Kaps Sören , Strunskus Thomas , Faupel Franz , Höft Michael , Adelung Rainer
Published: January 2025

The pursuit for advanced magnetoelectric field sensors has gained momentum, driven by applications in various fields, ranging from biomedical applications to soft robotics and the automotive sector. In this context, a capacitive read-out based magnetostrictive polymer composite (MPC) sensor element is introduced, offering a new perspective on magnetic field detection. The sensor element’s unique feature is the possibility to independently tailor its mechanical and magnetic properties. When compared to other composite-based magnetic field sensors, the limit of detection (LoD) is three orders of magnitude lower (95.6 nT/√Hz at a resonance frequency of 160.5 Hz). In contrast to other electret-based ME sensors, the LoD is reduced by a factor of 20. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work marks the first comprehensive attempt to characterize a sensor magnetically, aligning with the thorough assessment standards of ME sensors. This study aims to narrow the disparity between established magnetic field sensors, featuring consistent characterization protocols, and the novel MPC sensors, which often undergo limited magnetic characterization as part of their evaluation. The presented sensor, built from readily available materials, offers a versatile and tuneable platform for magnetic field detection, and ongoing research aims to unlock its full potential in diverse applications.
Translational and clinical comparison of whole genome and transcriptome to panel sequencing in precision oncology
Authors: Kerle Irina A. , Gross Thomas , Kögler Anja , Arnold Jonas S. , Werner Maximilian , Eckardt Jan-Niklas , Möhrmann Elena E. , Arlt Marie , Hutter Barbara , Hüllein Jennifer , Richter Daniela , Schneider Martin M. K. , Hlevnjak Mario , Möhrmann Lino , Hanf Dorothea , Heilig Christoph E. , Kreutzfeldt Simon , Teleanu Maria-Veronica , Schröck Evelin , Hübschmann Daniel , Horak Peter , Heining Christoph , Fröhling Stefan , Glimm Hanno
Published: January 2025

Precision oncology offers new cancer treatment options, yet sequencing methods vary in type and scope. In this study, we compared whole-exome/whole-genome (WES/WGS) and transcriptome sequencing (TS) with broad panel sequencing by resequencing the same tumor DNA and RNA as well as normal tissue DNA for germline assessment, from 20 patients with rare or advanced tumors, who were originally sequenced by WES/WGS ± TS within the DKFZ/NCT/DKTK MASTER program from 2015 to 2020. Molecular analyses resulted in a median number of 2.5 (gene panel) to 3.5 (WES/WGS ± TS) treatment recommendations per patient. Our results showed that approximately half of the therapy recommendations (TRs) of both sequencing programs were identical, while approximately one-third of the TRs in WES/WGS ± TS relied on biomarkers not covered by the panel. Eight of 10 molecularly informed therapy implementations were supported by the panel, the remaining two were based on biomarkers absent from the panel, highlighting the potential additional clinical benefit of WGS and TS.
Applying Normalisation Process Theory to a peer-delivered complex health intervention for people experiencing homelessness and problem substance use
Authors: Foster Rebecca , Carver Hannah , Matheson Catriona , Pauly Bernie , Wallace Jason , MacLennan Graeme , Budd John , Parkes Tessa
Published: January 2025

Background

The Supporting Harm Reduction through Peer Support (SHARPS) study involved designing and implementing a peer-delivered, harm reduction intervention for people experiencing homelessness and problem substance use. Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) provided a framework for the study.

Methods

Four Peer Navigators (individuals with personal experience of problem substance use and/or homelessness) were recruited and hosted in six third sector (not-for-profit) homelessness services in Scotland and England (United Kingdom). Each worked with participants to provide practical and emotional support, with the aim of reducing harms, and improving well-being, social functioning and quality of life. NPT guided the development of the intervention and, the process evaluation, which assessed the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention for this cohort who experience distinct, and often unmet, health challenges. While mixed-methods data collection was undertaken, this paper draws only on the qualitative data.

Results

The study found that, overall, the intervention is feasible, and acceptable to, the intervention participants, the Peer Navigators and staff in host settings. Some challenges were encountered but these were outweighed by benefits. NPT is particularly useful in encouraging our team to focus on the relationship between different aspects of the intervention and context(s) and identify ways of maximising ‘fit’.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first application of NPT to this cohort, and specifically by non-clinicians (peers) in non-healthcare settings (homelessness services). Our application of NPT helped us to identify ways in which the intervention could be enhanced, with the key aim of improving the health/well-being of this underserved group.
Oxygen, light, and mechanical force mediated radical polymerization toward precision polymer synthesis
Authors: Huang Zhujun , Dong Jin , Liu Kaiwen , Pan Xiangcheng
Published: January 2025

This article highlights the advancements in controlled radical polymerization facilitated by the three external regulations of oxygen, light, and mechanical force, and outlines the future directions of radical polymerization.
Thermoelectrochemical formation of a solid electrolyte interphase on a silicon negative electrode to enhance the durability of silicon-enriched lithium-ion batteries by compositional modification
Authors: Lee Chae Rim , Kim Miseung , Hwang Chihyun , Song Jun Ho , Yu Ji-Sang , Kim Hyun-seung
Published: January 2025

The presented work focuses on reinforcing the interface of a silicon electrode, that is thermoelectrochemical activation of solid electrolyte interphase formation, which improves the cycleability of the cutting-edge lithium-ion battery chemistry.
The coiled-coil protein carrier structure affects the activation of certain endocytosis pathways
Authors: Sano Ken-Ichi , Nomata Yuta
Published: January 2025

A rigid and anisotropic intracellular carrier protein internalizes through activation of GAG-binding-dependent caveola-mediated endocytosis and Rho GTPase-independent macropinocytosis.
Chitosan immunomodulation: insights into mechanisms of action on immune cells and signaling pathways
Authors: Ghattas Majed , Dwivedi Garima , Chevrier Anik , Horn-Bourque Delano , Alameh Mohamad-Gabriel , Lavertu Marc
Published: January 2025

Chitosan, a biodegradable and biocompatible natural polymer, modulates the activation of antigen-presenting immune cells.
Rapid synthesis of uniform silicalite-1 zeolite via a micro-liquid film reactor-assisted approach
Authors: Ji Jindong , Wang Hetong , Fan Guoli , Zhao Minghao , Li Feng
Published: January 2025

Uniform and small-sized silicalite-1 zeolite is rapidly synthesized via a micro-liquid film reactor-assisted hydrothermal approach.
Phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes in the marine environment: current status and future trends
Authors: Hua Maofeng , Liu Shuifu , Zhou Lei , Bünzli Jean-Claude , Wu Mingmei
Published: January 2025

This review delves into the application of phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs) in underwater optical communication and marine fishery, exploring the development strategies of phosphors tailored for the marine environment.
Neuro‐adaptive fractional order prescribed performance backstepping control for a class of strict‐feedback non‐linear systems
Authors: Zhao Le , Yang Guanci , Luo Kexin , He Ling
Published: January 2025

To suppress the non‐linear motion for a class of strict‐feedback fractional order non‐linear systems, and to improve their transient and steady‐state performance, a neuro‐adaptive prescribed performance backstepping control strategy suitable for a class of strict‐feedback non‐linear systems is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the interval Type‐2 fuzzy neural network is constructed to approximate the unknown non‐linear functions. Secondly, the tracking differentiator is introduced to address the problem of ‘explosion of complexity’ associated with the technique framework of backstepping. Then, a prescribed performance backstepping controller composed of predetermined performance functions and equivalent transformed errors, which can ensure that the tracking errors converge with the predetermined performance intervals for a class of strict‐feedback non‐linear systems, is designed within the technique framework of backstepping control. Finally, the stability analysis, two simulation experiments and comparative experiment results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the designed controller.
Evolution of the Sérsic index up to z = 2.5 from JWST and HST
Authors: Martorano M. , van der Wel A. , Baes M. , Bell E. F. , Brammer G. , Franx M. , Gebek A. , Meidt S. E. , Miller T. B. , Nelson E. , Nersesian A. , Price S. H. , van Dokkum P. , Whitaker K. E. , Wuyts S.
Published: January 2025

Context. The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has long been the only instrument able to allow us to investigate the structure of galaxies up to redshift z = 3, limited to the rest-frame UV and optical. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is now unveiling the rest-frame near-IR structure of galaxies, less affected by dust attenuation and more representative of their underlying stellar mass profiles.

Aims. We measure the evolution with redshift of the rest-frame optical and near-IR Sérsic index (n), and examine the dependence on stellar mass and star-formation activity across the redshift range 0.5 ≤ z ≤ 2.5.

Methods. For an HST-selected parent sample in the CANDELS fields we infer rest-frame near-IR Sérsic profiles for ≈15 000 galaxies in publicly available NIRCam imaging mosaics from the COSMOS-Web and PRIMER surveys. We augment these with rest-frame optical Sérsic indices, previously measured from HST imaging mosaics.

Results. The median Sérsic index evolves slowly or not at all with redshift, except for very high-mass galaxies (M⋆ > 1011 M⊙), which show an increase from n ≈ 2.5 to n ≈ 4 at z < 1. High-mass galaxies have higher n than lower-mass galaxies (the sample reaches down to M⋆ = 109.5 M⊙) at all redshifts, with a stronger dependence in the rest-frame near-IR than in the rest-frame optical at z > 1. This wavelength dependence is caused by star-forming galaxies that have lower optical than near-IR n at z > 1 (but not at z < 1). Both at optical and near-IR wavelengths, star-forming galaxies have lower n than quiescent galaxies, confirming and fortifying the result that across cosmic time a connection exists between star-formation activity and the radial stellar mass distribution. Besides these general trends that confirm previous results, two new trends emerge: (1) at z > 1 the median near-IR n varies strongly with star formation activity, but not with stellar mass, and (2) the scatter in near-IR n is substantially higher in the green valley (0.25 dex) than on the star-forming sequence and among quiescent galaxies (0.18 dex) – this trend is not seen in the optical because dust and young stars contribute to the variety in optical light profiles. Our newly measured rest-frame near-IR radial light profiles motivate future comparisons with radial stellar mass profiles of simulated galaxies as a stringent constraint on processes that govern galaxy formation.
Protein enrichment in instant pudding with fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) from trash fish
Authors: Salampessy Randi B.S. , Yuniarti Tatty , Handayani Melur Gitawigati , Nurbani Siti Zachro
Published: January 2025

Fish Protein Hydrolysate (FPH) from trash fish is a product derived from fish through the process of protein hydrolysis, into smaller protein, including peptides and eventually amino acids. The FPH is used to enhance the characteristics of various food products, such as to amino acid profiles, and improve nutritional content. The purpose of this study was to increase protein levels and flavor intensity profiling instant pudding by adding FPH. The design experimental utilized the Complete Random Design (RAL) method. The study evaluated several parameters related to pudding quality: Hedonic Quality, Taste Intensity and Proximate, used ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) to compare means among different treatments (pudding with varying levels of FPH). The protein content of instant pudding ranged between 7.68-8.77%, higher than comercial instan pudding. The protein content of ready-to-eat pudding ranged from 1.84-2.28%, The highest acceptance rate observed was 5% for pudding with added FPH. Taste intensity tests revealed that adding FPH at higher concentrations resulted in intensified burning, fishy, and bitter aromas. The highest protein content was achieved with the addition of 15% FPH. The study provides valuable insights into how FPH impacts instant pudding.
Acanthocephala from marine fish in the maritime border region of Indonesia and the Philippines
Authors: Dwi Pramardika Dhito , Satrija Fadjar , Sulistiono  , Tiuria Risa , Budiman Nugraha Arifin
Published: January 2025

A total of 24 fish belonging to seven species were sampled from the waters of the Sangihe Islands in the border area of Indonesia and the Philippines. The fishes were examined to identify the genera of Acanthocephalan phylum parasites that infect marine fish, measure the prevalence and intensity of infection of these parasites, and analyze the correlation of biotic factors with Acanthocepala phylum parasite infection in marine fish. Two acanthocephalan genera (Echinorhynchus and Rhadinorhynchus) were found to infect the marine fish Aprion virescens (1/4) and Katsuwonus Pelamis (7/7). Aprion virescens had a strong correlation between biotic factors such as total length, fish weight and parasite infection, except for the fish condition factor, which had a weak correlation. In contrast, Katsuwonus pelamis fish had a strong correlation with weight and fish condition, whereas total length had a weak correlation with parasite infection. It can be concluded that marine fish at the border of Indonesia and the Philippines are infected with Echinorhynchus sp. with mild intensity, while Rhadinorhynchus sp. is infected with moderate intensity.
Diversity and antibacterial potential produced by marine endophytic fungi by submerged fermentation from Buton Island, Indonesia
Authors: Isti’anah Ismi , Tarman Kustiariyah , Heri Suseno Sugeng , Nugraha Roni , Effendi Irzal , Lee Wen-Chien , Lukitaningsih Endang , Manggau Marianti A. , Sari Rodiah Nurbaya
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the diversity and antibacterial potential of marine endophytic fungi from Buton Island, Indonesia. This study focused on identifying fungi capable of producing bioactive compounds effective against Vibrio harveyi. 32 fungal isolates were obtained from various marine samples. Aspergillus terreus (WB 1-2) exhibited the highest antibacterial activity. The growth dynamics of these fungi were analyzed, emphasizing the importance of the log phase for secondary metabolite production. Environmental conditions and mechanical agitation were found to significantly influence growth and metabolite yield. These findings highlight the potential of marine endophytic fungi as sources of novel antimicrobial agents, suggesting promising opportunities for biotechnological and pharmaceutical advancements. This study underscores the untapped potential of marine fungi for the development of new antibiotics.
Investigation of Antibiofilm Activities from Marine Sponges’ Crude Extract of Pulau Bidong, Terengganu, Malaysia
Authors: Gazali Mohamad , Nur Izzah Alissa Wan Rosli Wan , Sarah Mohd Zahidi Siti , Amira Jamaludin Nur , Bakar Kamariah , Saidin Jasnizat
Published: January 2025

Biofilm, intricate microbial communities adhering to submerged surface, pose a significant challenge across various sectors. Conventional approaches relying on harsh chemical or mechanical removal have drawback. Marine organisms like sponges, with their diverse secondary metabolites, offer a promising avenue for developing sustainable solutions. This study investigated the antibiofilm potential of crude extracts from four marine sponges (Stylissa carteri, Haliclona amboinensis, Hymeniacidon sp., and Xestospongia testudinaria) against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Crystal Violet staining quantified biofilm formation and removal. Well diffusion assays assessed antibacterial activity. Haliclona amboinensis and Hymeniacidon sp. extracts displayed antibiofilm effects against V. parahaemolyticus biofilm. The IC50 values for the activity were 0.1 mg/mL and 0.19 mg/mL, respectively. Notably, the Hymeniacidon sp. extract exhibited bactericidal activity whereas H. amboinensis lacked this effect. Interestingly, both extracts effectively removed pre-formed V. parahaemolyticus biofilms against P. aeruginosa, H. amboinensis displayed antibiofilm activity (IC50 = 2.8 mg/mL) without bactericidal effects. However, this extract did not impact pre-established P. aeruginosa biofilms. The study suggests H. amboinensis is a promising source for new antibiofilm agents. It effectively inhibits biofilm formation without killing bacteria. Further research is needed to identify the active compounds and their mechanisms for developing targeted therapies.
Synthesis of Sustainable Dual-Function Aerogels from Water Hyacinth Cellulose and Shrimp Shell Nano-Chitosan for Heavy Metal Removal and Coliform Bacteria Filtration in Polluted Water
Authors: Al Husain Saddam , Febrian Lava , Ismail Muhammad , Anjani Putri Siti , Al Baihaqi Muhammad Fauzan , Ramadhan Wahyu
Published: January 2025

Rivers are essential water sources but are increasingly polluted by urban waste containing heavy metals and harmful bacteria. An effective solution is optimizing an eco-friendly water hyacinth cellulose aerogel and shrimp shell nano-chitosan for heavy metal adsorption and coliform bacteria filtration. This study extracted cellulose from water hyacinth (S-EG) and chitosan from shrimp shells, followed by nano-chitosan synthesis and aerogel formulation with three cellulose-to-nano-chitosan ratios: F1 (2:1), F2 (1:1), and F3 (1:2). Gel precursors were characterized, and adsorption and filtration capacities were tested to identify the optimal formula. Results showed yields of 12.46% for S-EG, 11.23% for chitosan, and 80% for nano-chitosan. Among the formulas, F3 had the best properties, including 80.16% gel content, 143.41% swelling ratio, and 3630 cPs viscosity. The F3 aerogel achieved 97% porosity, a surface area of 243.5 m2/g, and a low density of 0.07 g/cm3. Adsorption capacities were significant, reaching 99.5% for Cu, 88.68% for Zn, and 7.33% for Pb, along with a 30% reduction in E. coli. These findings indicate that the 1:2 cellulose-to-nano-chitosan aerogel formulation is highly promising as a sustainable solution for heavy metal adsorption and bacterial filtration in polluted water systems.
Biotransformation of bioactive compounds in seaweed through fermentation with marine endophytic fungi as antioxidant
Authors: Nur Haliza Ghea , Dyah Hardiningtyas Safrina , Tarman Kustiariyah
Published: January 2025

Sargassum polycystum is a brown seaweed with potential antioxidant properties due to its bioactive components. These bioactive components can be altered through biotransformation by fermentation. This fermentation can be carried out using marine endophytic fungi. The purpose of this study is to determine effect of fermentation process using the marine endophytic fungi Trichoderma harzianum KTR3 and KTR4 on the bioactive components and antioxidant activity. Sargassum polycystum and fermented Sargassum polycstum will be macerated using ethyl acetate solvent for 72 hours. Sargassum polycstum extract and Sargassum polycstum fermented with KTR3 and KTR4 showed the presence of tannins, saponins, steroids, and terpenoids. Fermentation treatment with Trichoderma harzianum KTR3 resulted a non-significant increase in antioxidant activity, indicated by a decrease in IC50 values in the fermented Sargassum polycstum extract. Metabolite profiling revealed an increase in the composition of compounds in Sargassum polycstum fermented with the KTR3 isolate, identifying 52 compounds, of which 36 were new biotransformation products. Marker compounds in fermented Sargassum polycstum extract are citrinin and pheophorbide A.
Application of Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) for formulating and characterizing sargassum seaweed-based kombucha drink: Effects of different sugar types and fermentation times
Authors: Isnaini Cahyuning , Nurdiana Risma Safita , Hardiningtyas Safrina Dyah , Kunicki Anya , Corcoran Ashley , Ramadhan Wahyu
Published: January 2025

One approach to refining the taste of Sargassum tea involves subjecting it to fermentation to produce Kombucha tea. This study was designed to assess the impact of fermentation duration and various types of sugars on the sensory attributes of Seaweed Kombucha, alongside the physicochemical properties and flavor profile associated with the optimal sugar type and a fermentation duration. Seaweed Kombucha samples were subjected to treatments involving different sugars (sucrose, sorbitol, and steviol) and fermentation duration of 9 days, with sampling intervals at days 0, 3, 5, 7, and 9. The characteristics of Seaweed Kombucha were evaluated based on parameters such as pH, alcohol content, color, total sugar content, and sensory analysis. Utilizing hedonic sensory assessment, the most favorable Seaweed Kombucha sample was identified as the one treated with steviol sugar and fermented for 3 days. The sensory flavor profile of Seaweed Kombucha was elucidated through Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) methodologies. The optimal Seaweed Kombucha sample exhibited a volatile compound profile comprising acids, alcohols, ketones, heterocyclic compounds, and other constituents.
Dried-Smoked Lizardfish (Saurida tumbil) as An Improvement in Product Quality on An Export Scale
Authors: Swastawati Fronthea , Wijayanti Ima , Dwi Anggo Apri , Suharto Slamet , Fahim Hafizha Shultan , Chasanah Ekowati , Sediadi Bandol Utomo Bagus , Krido Wahono Satryo
Published: January 2025

Lizardfish has a high economic value and delicious taste. Lizardfish can be processed into smoked fish. This study aimed to compare the changes in the quality of fresh lizardfish and dried-smoked lizardfish, and to examine protein damage in fresh lizardfish and dried-smoked lizardfish products based on protein functional groups. The study was analyzed using organoleptic quality testing, sensory testing, FTIR, texture (hardness), color, water content, ash content, protein, amino acid profile, and TPC testing. The ash content in fresh lizardfish ranged from 0.94-0.95%, whereas in dried-smoked lizardfish, it increased from 4.25-4.30%. The moisture of smoked lizardfish was 15.67%. The color test results for dried-smoked lizardfish showed a dark color because the L value was close to 0. The a* value of fish meat was higher (12.67). The b* value of the fish meat was higher (41.70). The results of measuring the hardness level of dried smoked lizardfish showed a higher hardness value of 8313 g. The protein content in fresh lizardfish was 18.01-18.21%, increasing sharply from 76.78-76.87% in dried-smoked lizardfish. The application of liquid smoke to dried-smoked lizardfish can improve the product quality.
Antioxidant Activity and Consumer Acceptance Level of Sargassum hytsrix Seaweed Tea Enriched with Lemongrass Powder
Authors: Erina Meta , Husni Amir
Published: January 2025

Sargassum hystrix contains high antioxidant activity, so it has the potential to be a good raw material for product development such as seaweed tea. However it still has a drawback, namely the presence of a fishy aroma that is not liked by the consumers. Therefore to balance the aroma, this study aims to determine the effect of adding lemongrass powder on antioxidant activity and consumer acceptance of S. hystrix seaweed tea. The treatments used in this study were variations in the addition of lemongrass powder of 0, 10, 15, 20, and 25%. The tests carried out included water content, total phenol content, antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods), hedonic test, and quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA). The results showed that the addition of lemongrass powder affected total phenol content, antioxidant activity, consumer acceptance level, and aroma perception in the QDA test. The best performance was the addition of 20% lemongrass powder with the characteristics of water content of 6.42 ± 0.13%, total phenol content of 8.07 ± 0.2 mg GAE/g, antioxidant activity (DPPH method 84.17 ± 2.19%, FRAP method 22.24 ± 0.56 mM/g). The highest overall hedonic value was obtained by adding 20% lemongrass powder.
Extraction and characterization of pepsin enzyme from the skipjack vicera (Katsuwonus pelamis)
Authors: Muttaqin Roisul Adi Brilianto , Surya Amalia , Istiarini Istiarini , Duanassurya Megana , Samosir Wisda , Makatita Suciarti , Nurhayati Tati
Published: January 2025

Pepsin is one of the digestive enzymes often used in various fields, especially for industry. Pepsin can be extracted from fish viceras. The aim of this research is to extract pepsin from the stomach of skipjack tuna, purify it, and to characterize several biochemical properties of the pepsin produced. The samples used were skipjack tuna stomachs extracted by adding tris-HCl buffer pH 7.5, centrifuged, and activated. The pepsin crude extract was then characterized by temperature, pH and optimum pepsin substrate. The crude pepsin extract of skipjack tuna showed the best activity in the range temperature 50 °C with a pH of 3. Pepsin purification is carried out using ammonium sulphate with a range of 30-80%. The band produced in each pepsin purification pellet sample is estimated to be between 31-32 kDa, while in the supernatant a thin band remains which indicates that all the proteins in the supernatant have been degraded by ammonium sulphate.
Heavy metal contamination (Cd, Cu) in the gills and flesh of mullet (Planiliza subviridis) in Cilincing Coastal Waters, Jakarta Bay
Authors: Susilowati Dwi Indah , Sulistiono Sulistiono , Riani Etty , Wildan Dudi M. , Sinaga Jessica
Published: January 2025

The Cilincing coastal waters, part of Jakarta Bay, are significantly affected by waste inputs resulting from various community activities both nearby and further upstream. This situation is anticipated to impact the local biota, particularly mullet fish (Planiliza subviridis). This study aimed to evaluate the concentrations of heavy metals, specifically cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu), in the gills and flesh of mullets. Sampling was conducted over a six-month period from February to July 2023 in the Cilincing coastal waters. The heavy metal concentrations were analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) method. The findings indicate that the concentrations of cadmium in the gills and flesh ranged from 0.19 ppm to 0.25 ppm and 0.07 ppm to 0.25 ppm, respectively. For copper, the concentrations in the gills and flesh varied from 0.62 ppm to 2.195 ppm and from 0.12 ppm to 1.62 ppm, respectively. Histopathological examinations revealed signs of hyperplasia, infiltration inflammatory cells, hemorrhage in the basal cells of the gills, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the flesh. Despite the observed heavy metal concentrations, the mullet captured in the Cilincing coastal waters of Jakarta Bay is deemed safe for consumption.
Effect of storage temperature with vacuum packaging on physicochemical stability of Ulva ohnoi
Authors: Wiraz Wicaksana Azwar Naval , Ramadhan Wahyu , Dyah Hardiningtyas Safrina , Fariz Pari Rizfi , Uju
Published: January 2025

Indonesia's seaweed industry, despite its vast potential, predominantly exports raw materials, with value-added processing limited to certain red and brown seaweeds. Green seaweeds, such as Ulva, are largely untapped by the processing industry despite their abundance and potential natural pigment sources. Ulva undergoes rapid color deterioration in tropical climates, indicating pigment degradation and quality loss. This study investigated the impact of storage conditions at 4°C (chilling) and 28°C (room temperature) using minimal processing vacuum packaging on the stability of physicochemical properties, color profile, pigment concentration, and antioxidant activity over three months. Results showed that chilling with minimal processing significantly inhibits color degradation and maintains greenness a* value of the start of -15,76±1,11 to -10.91±1,14 while the room temperature is -5.68±0.72. In the third month, chilled samples exhibited significantly higher concentrations of chlorophyll a at 5.71±0.50 μg/mL, in contrast to room temperature, which was 3.83±0.4 μg/mL. Antioxidant activity decreased in the third month. Furthermore, the moisture content in the chilled samples was lower and stable at 28.87±0.16%, compared to samples stored at room temperature, which measured 33.34±0.54%. Chilling temperature with vacuum packaging effectively preserves the quality of Ulva ohnoi, making it suitable for industrial applications. This study provides important insights for storage conditions and increasing the commercial potential of this underutilized seaweed.
Quality and Safety of Green Mussel (Perna viridis) at Ketapang, Tangerang Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Permadi Aef , Asriani  , Yuniarti Tatty , Sumandiarsa I Ketut , Budi Purnamasari Heny , Dharmayanti Niken , Zachro Nurbani Siti , Sayuti Mohammad , Salampessy Randi B.S. , Sipahutar Yuliati H. , Ruminta Siregar Resmi , Ayu Afifah Rufnia , Hidayah Nur , Maulani Aghitia , Prasetyo Handoko Yudi , Masengi Simson , Wina Lestari Andini , Nuriyah Dinda
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to determine the chemical and microbiological qualities of raw green mussels of different sizes in Ketapang Village, Tangerang Regency, Indonesia. The research method used was a single-factor treatment design of green mussel size with small (51-60 mm), medium (61-70 mm), and large (71–80 mm) sizes with environmental design and Complete Random Design. The parameters used were the content of heavy metals Pb, proximate, and microbiology. ICP-MS was used for heavy metal testing. The method of analyzing the proximate content and microbiology refers to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The results of the study showed that green mussels with shell sizes of 51-60 mm and 71-80 mm significantly affected the lead (Pb) content. The different sizes of green mussel shells significantly affected the protein and fat content. As for the carbohydrate content, a significant difference was only shown by green mussels with shell sizes 51-60 mm and 71-80 mm. The results of microbiological tests showed that the Total Plate Count in green mussels did not exceed the SNI, the Escherichia coli content exceeded the SNI limit, and there were green mussel samples that were positive for Salmonella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus.