bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid models of subway passenger flow prediction based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Lai Yuan‐wen , Wang Yang , Xu Xin‐ying , Easa Said M. , Zhou Xiao‐wei
Published: October 2022

Accurate and stable short‐term passenger flow prediction is an indispensable part of current intelligent transportation systems. This paper proposes two deep learning prediction models based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long short‐term memory neural network (LSTM). Combining the CNN characteristics and the LSTM, the ConvXD‐LSTM extracts passenger flow features through CNN and then inputs the time series into the LSTM. The ConvLSTM converts the weight calculation of the LSTM into convolution operation to realize short‐term passenger flow prediction. Fuzhou Metro Line 1 passenger flow data was used for verification. The models were used to predict the passenger flow of subway stations and cross‐sections and compared with the traditional prediction models. In terms of prediction accuracy, ConvLSTM has the highest accuracy, followed by ConvXD‐LSTM. In terms of running time, ConvXD is the fastest and LSTM takes the longest. ConvXD‐LSTM and ConvLSTM are in the middle of the two models, achieving a good balance between accuracy and efficiency. Compared with ConvXD‐LSTM, ConvLSTM has a relatively simple network structure, which reduces the computational burden and improves the prediction accuracy.
Pediatric endoscopy training across Europe: a survey of the ESPGHAN National Societies Network 2016–2019
Authors: Papadopoulou Alexandra , Ribes-Koninckx Carmen , Baker Alastair , Noni Maria , Koutri Eleni , Karagianni Maria-Vasiliki , Protheroe Sue , Guarino Alfredo , Mas Emmanuel , Wilschanski Michael , Roman Enriqueta , Escher Johanna , Furlano Raoul I. , Posovszky Carsten , Hoffman Ilse , Bronsky Jiri , Hauer Almuthe Christine , Tjesic-Drinkovic Duska , Fotoulaki Maria , Orel Rok , Urbonas Vaidotas , Kansu Aydan , Georgieva Miglena , Thomson Mike
Published: October 2022

Background and study aims The ability to perform endoscopy procedures safely and effectively is a key aspect of quality clinical care in Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (PGHN). The aim of this survey, which was part of a global survey on PGHN training in Europe, was to assess endoscopy training opportunities provided across Europe.

Methods Responses to standardized questions related to endoscopy training were collected from training centers across Europe through the presidents/representatives of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition National Societies from June 2016 to December 2019.

Results A total of 100 training centers from 19 countries participated in the survey. In 57 centers, the endoscopy suit was attached to the PGHN center, while in 23, pediatric endoscopies were performed in adult endoscopy facilities. Ninety percent of centers reported the availability of specialized endoscopy nurses and 96 % of pediatric anesthetists. Pediatric endoscopies were performed by PGHN specialists in 55 centers, while 31 centers reported the involvement of an adult endoscopist and 14 of a pediatric surgeon. Dividing the number of procedures performed at the training center by the number of trainees, ≤ 20 upper, lower, or therapeutic endoscopies per trainee per year were reported by 0 %, 23 %, and 56 % of centers, respectively, whereas ≤ 5 wireless capsule endoscopies per trainee per year by 75 %. Only one country (United Kingdom) required separate certification of competency in endoscopy.

Conclusions Differences and deficiencies in infrastructure, staffing, and procedural volume, as well as in endoscopy competency assessment and certification, were identified among European PGHN training centers limiting training opportunities in pediatric endoscopy.
Sleep disorders in multiple sclerosis: a case-control study using the São Paulo Epidemiologic sleep study (Episono) database
Authors: Toscano Vanessa Granato , Coelho Fernando Morgadinho , Prado Gilmar Fernandes do , Tufik Sergio , Oliveira Enedina Maria Lobato de
Published: October 2022

Background Sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea and restless legs syndrome are prevalent in the general population and patients with chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objectives This study compared the prevalence of sleep disorders complaints, fatigue, depression, and chronotype of adult patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) to a representative sample of São Paulo city residents.

Methods A comparative study was made between PwMS and volunteers from the São Paulo Epidemiologic Sleep Study (Episono) study. We compared the scores of sleep questionnaires using the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) test to evaluate the effects and analysis of variance (ANOVA) as a follow-up test. Covariates were age, sex, and physical activity. The Pearson correlation test was performed to measure the correlation between Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the scores of the sleep questionnaires. Finally, we applied propensity score matching to reduce bias in estimating differences between the two groups. Analyses were performed using Stata 14 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA) and IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).

Results The Episono group had worse sleep quality, and more excessive daytime sleepiness than PwMS. Obstructive sleep apnea and restless legs syndrome were more frequent in the Episono group. There was no difference in chronotype between the two groups, with morning and intermediate preference. There was no correlation between EDSS and sleep complaints. Fatigue was intensively present among PwMS.

Conclusions Disease Modifying Drug (DMD)-treated PwMS had a lower frequency of sleep complaints, no difference in chronotype, and a higher prevalence of fatigue than a sample of São Paulo city residents. The immunomodulatory drugs commonly used to treat MS may have contributed to these findings.
Systematic review of pharmacological management in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: no options so far?
Authors: Miranda Luiz Henrique Lélis , Oliveira André Felipe Pastick de Holanda , Carvalho Davi Mariano de , Souza Gustavo Marques Figueredo , Magalhães João Guilherme Monteiro , Júnior Joselmo Alberto Cabral , Lima Pedro Thadeu Mertens Brainer de Queiroz , Júnior Renato Melo Aguiar , Filho Sérgio Pereira Lins , Melo Hugo Moura de Albuquerque
Published: October 2022

Background The Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a spongiform encephalopathy that manifests as a rapidly progressive dementia syndrome. Currently, CJD has no cure, and many patients die within the first year, but some drugs are being studied as options for managing this condition.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments offered to patients with CJD as a means to increase survival and reduce cognitive deterioration.

Methods A systematic review of the literature was performed using 4 independent reviewers and 1 extra reviewer to resolve possible divergences in the search and analysis of papers indexed in MedLINE (PubMed), SciELO and Lilacs databases. The Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms used were: prion diseases, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, pharmacologic therapy, therapeutics, quinacrine, doxycycline, flupirtine, and pentosan polysulfate, with the Boolean operators AND and OR. This search included controlled clinical trials, uncontrolled clinical trials, and case series published from the year 2000 onwards, in the English language.

Results A total of 85 papers were found using the descriptors used. At the end of the selection analyses, 9 articles remained, which were analyzed fully and individually.

Conclusions None of the drugs evaluated proved significantly effective in increasing survival in patients with CJD. Flupirtine appears to have a beneficial effect in reducing cognitive deterioration in patients with CJD. However, additional studies are needed to establish better evidence and therapeutic options for the management of patients with CJD.
Modified Thromboelastography for Peri-interventional Assessment of Platelet Function in Cardiology Patients: A Narrative Review
Authors: Hartmann Jan , Curzen Nick
Published: October 2022

Viscoelastic testing (VET), such as thromboelastography, can measure whole blood coagulation dynamics in real time and is used across a range of clinical settings, including cardiac surgery, liver transplant, and trauma. The use of modified thromboelastography with platelet function assessment (TEG(R) PlateletMapping(R) Assay) can provide an analysis of platelet contribution to hemostasis, including the contribution of the P2Y12 receptor and thromboxane pathway to platelet function. The TEG PlateletMapping Assay has shown high correlation with the current gold standard test of platelet function, light transmission aggregometry, to measure arachidonic acid and adenosine diphosphate agonist-induced platelet activation. Studies have also shown comparable results with other whole blood platelet function tests. In this review, we explore the clinical applications of modified thromboelastography with platelet function assessment. This includes guiding dual antiplatelet therapy in relation to cardiac procedures, such as percutaneous coronary interventions, transcatheter aortic valve replacement, and left atrial appendage closure. We also explore the developing use of thromboelastography in the emergency care setting of coronavirus disease 2019, which is commonly associated with a hypercoagulable and hypofibrinolytic state. Despite a general lack of high-quality, grade 1 evidence regarding the use of modified thromboelastography with platelet function assessment in these disease areas, the ability of the TEG PlateletMapping Assay to measure global hemostasis and platelet reactivity rapidly and to view and evaluate results at the point of care makes it a promising area for further study for managing patient treatment and optimizing hemostatic therapy.
Arzneimittel: Verordnung und Abrechnung im ambulanten und stationären Sektor
Authors: Hermle Anne , Dillschneider Jutta
Published: October 2022

Die Verordnung und Abrechnung von Arzneimitteln im Krankenhaus ist durch die fortlaufende Erweiterung des Behandlungsspektrums von Krankenhäusern immer komplexer geworden. Dieser Beitrag soll einen ersten Überblick bieten.
Plattformen im Gesundheitswesen: Wenn wenige Anbieter den Markt dominieren
Authors: Wamprecht Laura
Published: October 2022

Schafft die Plattformökonomie eine Chance für die Vernetzung im Gesundheitswesen – oder entstehen nur neue Monopole? Laura Wamprecht von Flying Health analysiert die Vor- und Nachteile.
Datenschutz: Einsatz von KI-Systemen im Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Lennartz Markus , Poncza Manuel
Published: October 2022

Schon bei der Beschaffung von KI-Systemen müssen die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen für die Nutzung des Systems und der darin verarbeiteten Daten und Ergebnisse rechtlich festgelegt werden.
Study on the detonation reliability of explosive trains with a micro-sized air gap
Authors: Cheng Li , Mu Huina , Ren Xiaowei , Wen Yuquan , Zeng Xiaoyun , Li Xiaogang
Published: October 2022

Air gap thickness significantly affects the detonation reliability of explosive trains. This paper mainly studies the detonation reliability of explosive trains with a micro-sized air gap. First, the detonation process of the JO-9C mild detonation cord initiating the 1.7 g/cm3 JO-11C booster is simulated by the AUTODYN software, and the critical air gap thickness is obtained between 0.32 and 0.40 mm. Second, a test device for explosive trains with adjustable air gap thickness is designed based on the numerical simulation results, and the adjustable step length of the air gap thickness is 0.0625 mm. Finally, a small sample evaluation method that does not depend on the standard deviation of the sensitivity distribution is proposed, and only 86 test samples are needed to verify the detonation reliability of 0.9999 at 0.1 mm air gap thickness. The test device designed and the small sample evaluation method proposed can be referred to for the detonation reliability evaluation of explosive trains with a micro-sized air gap.
Narratives of loss: the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on experiences of loss, grief, and bereavement
Authors: Dew Rhiannon , Heath Lis , Egan Richard
Published: October 2022

Introduction Restrictions imposed to eliminate the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus had significant implications on peoples’ experiences of caring for family/whānau at the end of life, and on their own bereavement process. Aim This qualitative research explored the impact of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions on experiences of loss, grief and bereavement in Aotearoa New Zealand. Methods This qualitative narrative research used semi-structured interviews with 10 participants who experienced the loss of a loved one during Levels 3 or 4 lockdown in Aotearoa New Zealand (23 March–13 May 2020). Interviews were coded using NVivo software and inductive thematic analysis was used to evaluate the data. Results Results were grouped into three themes: death experience; mourning in isolation; and availability of support. These themes provide insight into the challenges and difficulties participants faced when they experienced the death of a loved one during a COVID-19 lockdown, and the impact of these restrictions on their experiences of grief and bereavement. Discussion The findings from this research suggest there is an increased risk of prolonged grief among those bereaved during lockdown. Primary care professionals need to be aware of this increased risk in order to identify need and provide access to bereavement support.
Identifying the origins of obsidian artifacts in the Deh Luran Plain (Southwestern Iran) highlights community connections in the Neolithic Zagros
Authors: Frahm Ellery , Carolus Christina M.
Published: October 2022

Exchange networks created by Neolithic pastoral transhumance have been central to explaining the distant transport of obsidian since chemical analysis was first used to attribute Near Eastern artifacts to their volcanic origins in the 1960s. Since then, critical reassessments of floral, faunal, and chronological data have upended long-held interpretations regarding the emergence of food production and have demonstrated that far-traveled, nomadic pastoralists were more myth than reality, at least during the Neolithic. Despite debates regarding their proposed conveyance mechanisms, obsidian artifacts’ transport has received relatively little attention compared with zooarchaeological and archaeobotanical lines of investigation. The rise of nondestructive and portable instruments permits entire obsidian assemblages to be traced to their sources, renewing their significance in elucidating connections among early pastoral and agricultural communities. Here we share our findings about the obsidian artifacts excavated from the sites of Ali Kosh and Chagha Sefid in the southern Zagros. In the 1960s and 1970s, 28 obsidian artifacts from the sites were destructively tested, and the remainder were sorted by color. Our results emphasize a dynamic, accelerating connectivity among the Early and Late Neolithic communities. Here we propose and support an alternative model for obsidian distribution among more settled communities. In brief, diversity in the obsidian assemblage accelerated diachronically, an invisible trend in the earlier studies. Our model of increasing population densities is supported by archaeological data and computational simulations, offering insights regarding the Neolithic Demographic Transition in the Zagros, an equivalent of which is commonly thought to have occurred around the world.
Intracellular infection by symbiotic bacteria requires the mitotic kinase AURORA1
Authors: Gao Jin-Peng , Jiang Suyu , Su Yangyang , Xu Ping , Wang Junjie , Liang Wenjie , Liu Cheng-Wu , Murray Jeremy D.
Published: October 2022

The subcellular events occurring in cells of legume plants as they form transcellular symbiotic-infection structures have been compared with those occurring in premitotic cells. Here, we demonstrate that Aurora kinase 1 (AUR1), a highly conserved mitotic regulator, is required for intracellular infection by rhizobia inMedicago truncatula. AUR1 interacts with microtubule-associated proteins of the TPXL and MAP65 families, which, respectively, activate and are phosphorylated by AUR1, and localizes with them within preinfection structures. MYB3R1, a rhizobia-induced mitotic transcription factor, directly regulatesAUR1through two closely spaced, mitosis-specific activatorciselements. Our data are consistent with a model in which the MYB3R1-AUR1 regulatory module serves to properly orient preinfection structures to direct the transcellular deposition of cell wall material for the growing infection thread, analogous to its role in cell plate formation. Our findings indicate that the eukaryotically conserved MYB3R1-TPXL-AUR1-MAP65 mitotic module was conscripted to support endosymbiotic infection in legumes.
A COP1-GATA2 axis suppresses AR signaling and prostate cancer
Authors: Shen Tao , Dong Bingning , Meng Yanling , Moore David D. , Yang Feng
Published: October 2022

Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is crucial for driving prostate cancer (PCa), the most diagnosed and the second leading cause of death in male patients with cancer in the United States. Androgen deprivation therapy is initially effective in most instances of AR-positive advanced or metastatic PCa. However, patients inevitably develop lethal castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), which is also resistant to the next-generation AR signaling inhibitors. Most CRPCs maintain AR expression, and blocking AR signaling remains a main therapeutic approach. GATA2 is a pioneer transcription factor emerging as a key therapeutic target for PCa because it promotes AR expression and activation. While directly inhibiting GATA2 transcriptional activity remains challenging, enhancing GATA2 degradation is a plausible therapeutic strategy. How GATA2 protein stability is regulated in PCa remains unknown. Here, we show that constitutive photomorphogenesis protein 1 (COP1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, drives GATA2 ubiquitination at K419/K424 for degradation. GATA2 lacks a conserved [D/E](x)xxVP[D/E] degron but uses alternate BR1/BR2 motifs to bind COP1. By promoting GATA2 degradation, COP1 inhibits AR expression and activation and represses PCa cell and xenograft growth and castration resistance. Accordingly, GATA2 overexpression or COP1 mutations that disrupt COP1-GATA2 binding block COP1 tumor-suppressing activities. We conclude that GATA2 is a major COP1 substrate in PCa and that COP1 promotion of GATA2 degradation is a direct mechanism for regulating AR expression and activation, PCa growth, and castration resistance.
The velocity of postglacial migration of fire-adapted boreal tree species in eastern North America
Authors: Payette Serge , Couillard Pierre-Luc , Frégeau Mathieu , Laflamme Jason , Lavoie Martin
Published: October 2022

The Earth’s climate has been warming rapidly since the beginning of the industrial era, forcing terrestrial organisms to adapt. Migration constitutes one of the most effective processes for surviving and thriving, although the speed at which tree species migrate as a function of climate change is unknown. One way to predict latitudinal movement of trees under the climate of the twenty-first century is to examine past migration since the Last Glacial Maximum. In this study, radiocarbon-dated macrofossils were used to calculate the velocity of past migration of jack pine (
Pinus banksiana
) and black spruce (
Picea mariana
), two important fire-adapted conifers of the North American boreal forest. Jack pine migrated at a mean rate of 19 km per century (km
-cent
) from unglaciated sites in the central and southeastern United States to the northern limit of the species in subarctic Canada. However, the velocity increased between unglaciated and early deglaciated sites in southern Quebec and slowed from early to mid-Holocene in central and eastern Quebec. Migration was at its lowest speed in late-Holocene times, when it stopped about 3,000 y ago. Compared with jack pine, black spruce migrated at a faster mean rate of 25 km
-cent
from the ice border at the last interstadial (Bølling/Allerød) to the species tree limit. The modern range of both species was nearly occupied about 6,000 y ago. The factors modulating the changing velocity of jack pine migration were closely associated with the warm-dry climate of the late Pleistocene–Holocene transition and the more humid climate of the mid- and late-Holocene.
Issues in introducing indigenous languages in higher education in Africa
Authors: Oloruntoba-Oju Taiwo , van Pinxteren Bert
Published: October 2022

As the most populous African nation, with one of the most diverse, and problematic, ethnolinguistic profiles in
the world, Nigeria provides a case study for the potential introduction of indigenous languages in (higher) education delivery in
once colonised territories. We argue that increased enrolment in higher education will become necessary for Nigeria to attain its
developmental goals. We then discuss the limits to what the Nigerian educational system can be expected to achieve using English
as the medium of instruction. Once these limits are surpassed, the gradual addition of a limited number of Nigerian languages will
become inevitable. We propose to make use of a distinction between languages as designed (or intellectualized) and languages as
discerned, inspired by the terminology of ‘Ausbau’ and ‘Abstand’ languages as used by Kloss. The article briefly reviews the
complex linguistic makeup of Nigeria and outlines a number of principles that could guide rational language choices in this area,
such as ease of acquisition and inclusivity. It ends with suggesting a number of concrete steps that should be taken over the
coming years in order to make the introduction of indigenous languages into higher education in Nigeria a practical possibility.
Clinical usefulness of infrared thermography to detect sick animals: frequent and current cases
Authors: Mota-Rojas Daniel , Martínez-Burnes Julio , Casas-Alvarado Alejandro , Gómez-Prado Jocelyn , Hernández-Ávalos Ismael , Domínguez-Oliva Adriana , Lezama-García Karina , Jacome-Romero Joseline , Rodríguez-González Daniela , Pereira Alfredo M.F.
Published: October 2022

Infrared thermography (IRT) is a tool that has been studied extensively in the experimental medical field as a method for assessing surface thermal responses under various conditions. These may involve local inflammatory processes resulting from surgical procedures, wounds, neoplasms, pathologies, painful events, or stressful states in animals. IRT measures changes in blood flow in surface blood capillaries and the resulting heat radiation. In the clinical field, thermography has been used as a support method for detecting painful conditions. However, some guidelines indicate that it could be applied for assessing and monitoring animals in rehabilitation to quantify objectively possible improvements in their quality of life. Similarly, it has been observed that IRT makes it possible to assess the degree of circulation in dermal tissue, suggesting that it could be used to determine the degree of damage in traumatized tissue in cases of thromboembolic diseases and burns. This would be useful to distinguish between damaged and healthy tissue and thus determine the optimal therapy for burn patients. This review aims to analyze scientific evidence on the clinical applications of IRT for detecting diseases and assessing painful conditions. A literature search on different databases was performed to recover articles related to the application of IRT as a complementary diagnostic tool, as well as its potential for assisting in rehabilitation, monitoring wounds, and evaluating body temperature in domestic animals.
Probing horizon scale quantum effects with Love
Authors: Datta Sayak
Published: October 2022

Future gravitational wave (GW) detectors have been projected to be able to probe the nature of compact objects in great detail. In this work, we study the potential observability of the small length scale physics near black hole horizon with the tidal deformability of the compact objects in an inspiraling binary. We find that it is possible to probe them with extreme mass ratio inspirals. We discuss how the quantum effects can affect the GW observables. This as a consequence is bound to shape our understanding of the quantum scale near the horizon.
On stable and unstable behaviour of certain rotation segments
Authors: Addas-Zanata Salvador , Liu Xiao-Chuan
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we study non-wandering homeomorphisms of the two-dimen-sional torus homotopic to the identity, whose rotation sets are non-trivial segments from (0, 0) to some totally irrational point (α, β). We show that for any r ⩾ 1, this rotation set only appears for C

r
diffeomorphisms satisfying some degenerate conditions. And when such a rotation set does appear, assuming several natural conditions that are generically satisfied in the area-preserving world, we give a clearer description of its rotational behaviour. More precisely, the dynamics admits bounded deviation along the direction −(α, β) in the lift, and the rotation set is locked inside an arbitrarily small cone with respect to small C
0-perturbations of the dynamics. On the other hand, for any non-wandering homeomorphism f with this kind of rotation set, we also present a perturbation scheme in order for the rotation set to be eaten by the rotation set of some nearby dynamics, in the sense that the later set has non-empty interior and contains the former one. These two flavours interplay and share the common goal of understanding the stability/instability properties of this kind of rotation set.
Dynamics of Dirac concentrations in the evolution of quantitative alleles with sexual reproduction
Authors: Dekens L , Mirrahimi S
Published: October 2022

A proper understanding of the links between varying gene expression levels and complex trait adaptation is still lacking, despite recent advances in sequencing techniques leading to new insights on their importance in some evolutionary processes. This calls for extensions of the continuum-of-alleles framework first introduced by Kimura (1965 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA
54 731–36) that bypass the classical Gaussian approximation. Here, we propose a novel mathematical framework to study the evolutionary dynamics of quantitative alleles for sexually reproducing populations under natural selection and competition through an integro-differential equation. It involves a new reproduction operator which is nonlinear and nonlocal. This reproduction operator is different from the infinitesimal operator used in other studies with sexual reproduction because of different underlying genetic structures. In an asymptotic regime where initially the population has a small phenotypic variance, we analyse the long-term dynamics of the phenotypic distributions according to the methodology of small variance (Diekmann et al 2005 Theor. Popul. Biol.
67 257–71). In particular, we prove that the reproduction operator strains the limit distribution to be a product measure. Under some assumptions on the limit equation, we show that the population remains monomorphic, that is the phenotypic distribution remains concentrated as a moving Dirac mass. Moreover, in the case of a monomorphic distribution, we derive a canonical equation describing the dynamics of the dominant alleles.
Verification of the calibration method for the boundary effect in JUNO
Authors: Zhu Kangfu , Guo Yuhang , Cai Ziqi , Liu Yankai , Zhang Feiyang , Meng Yue , Liu Jianglai , Yu Zeyuan , Qu Eryuan , Zhang Qingmin
Published: October 2022

Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is constructed to probe multiple physics goals, including determining the neutrino mass ordering (MO), measuring solar neutrinos, detecting supernova neutrinos, etc. A large Liquid Scintillator (LS) detector with a high energy resolution is being built to determine the neutrino MO within 6-year of data taking. To accomplish this goal, a calibration complex has been designed. Concerning the energy leakage near the LS boundary, a Guide Tube Calibration System (GTCS) will be deployed on the outer surface of the JUNO central detector to help better understand the boundary effect. A fitting algorithm has been presented during the design of GTCS considering the overlap of full-energy peak and Compton tail. In this paper, we verify the fitting algorithm experimentally, using a radioactive source in the Daya Bay experiment. The maximum bias of full-energy peak for the experiment at Daya Bay is less than 1.0% even if a change of ±20.0% in acrylic density was assumed. Besides, the tuned acrylic density is applied in JUNO GTCS simulation. The maximum uncertainty estimation of GTCS energy response in total is 0.52%, satisfying the JUNO GTCS requirement which is 1.0%.
Improving radiation hardness in space-based Charge-Coupled Devices: an experimental validation of a new pre-fabrication modelling technique
Authors: Parsons S. , Hall D. , Buggey T. , Holland A. , Verhoeve P.
Published: October 2022

The soft X-ray imager (SXI) on the SMILE mission uses two
large 4510x4510 back illuminated CCD370s to detect X-rays in the
0.2–2 keV range. These devices take heritage from the optical
imaging PLATO mission CCD270s and have been optimised for low energy
signals by including a parallel supplementary buried channel (SBC)
which should reduce the volume of the charge cloud and thereby
reduce the number of traps it interacts with as it is transferred
through the CCD.

The charge transfer performance improvement between the CCD270 and
the CCD370 has been simulated using a combination of Silvaco and
Matlab models to predict its characteristics pre-fabrication over a
102–105 electron signal range. Trap pumping measurements
have been taken on both devices to count the number of traps present
and hence calculate the mean amount of traps that exist per pixel
across the range of signal levels. The trap pumping results are used
to calculate a charge transfer performance improvement that shows
good agreement with the simulated values, especially in the SXI
science band.

These results bring added confidence to the early performance
modelling of the SMILE SXI instrument and is a good indicator that
the simulations are accurate enough to be used to model devices with
more advanced geometries such as an SBC and can be used in future
CCD missions, where radiation-hardness and hence good charge
transfer characteristics are key.
Monte Carlo approach to comparison of parallel-hole collimators of clinical scintillation camera system for imaging astatine-211 (At-211)
Authors: Nakanishi Kohei , Yamamoto Seiichi , Kataoka Jun
Published: October 2022

Astatine-211 (At-211) is a promising alpha particle emitter
for targeted radionuclide therapy. Since its daughter isotope
(polonium-211(Po-211)) emits characteristic X-rays of about 80 keV,
the distribution of At-211 in the body can be imaged by detecting
the X-rays with a scintillation camera. However, the isotopes also
emit high-energy gamma photons that are collimated with difficulty
for a parallel-hole collimator of a clinical scintillation camera
system, and thus the selection of a collimator is important. In this
study, we compared the performances of low-energy high-resolution
(LEHR), low-energy all-purpose (LEAP), medium-energy (ME), and
high-energy (HE) parallel-hole collimators for At-211 using Monte
Carlo simulation. We simulated a clinical scintillation camera
system with the collimators using the Geant4 toolkit. The energy
spectra, sensitivities, and spatial resolutions for the point source
of At-211 were evaluated. Moreover, we simulated imaging of six
sphere sources of At-211 in a 1-cm-thick cylindrical phantom filled
with At-211 solution to evaluate image contrast. All of the results
in this study are simulation data. The spatial resolution with LEHR
was 7.6 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) and the highest
between collimators, while the sensitivity with LEAP was 85 cps/MBq
and the highest. The image contrast acquired with the ME collimator
was superior to those with the other collimators. We concluded that
the LEHR, LEAP, and ME collimators had their advantages, so an
optimum collimator should be selected depending on the purpose of
imaging of At-211, although there was no advantage in using the HE
collimator for the imaging of At-211.
Investigation of optimal planning strategy in gamma knife perfexion for vestibular schwannoma tumor using hybrid plan technique
Authors: Agarwal Priyanka , Natanasabapathi Gopishankar , Bisht Raj Kishor , Malhotra Rajeev Kumar , Kale Shashank Sharad
Published: October 2022

Purpose. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for vestibular schwannoma (VS) is clinically challenging because of surrounding critical structures. We generated and compared the forward plan (FP), inverse plan (IP), and hybrid plan (HP) for the optimal planning strategy in Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKSRS) for vestibular schwannoma tumors (VS). Methods and materials. In this study, 51 planning scenarios of 17 patients with VS were planned for GKSRS using FP, IP, and HP in Leksell Gamma plan (LGP10.1) using the TMR10 algorithm. The planning images were obtained using the following MRI (GE, USA) scan parameters: T1W images-MPRAGE sequence, FOV-256 mm × 256 mm, matrix size-512 mm × 512 mm, and the slice thickness 1 mm. The total dose was prescribed12Gy and normalized at 50% isodose level. Results and discussion. The plan parameters were compared dosimetrically by maintaining FP as a base plan. The statistical analysis, including one-factor, repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni correction tests, were performed. The p-value for planning parameters such as brainstem dose, beam ON time, and gradient index significantly favored HP. Conclusion. Overall results show that HP is an efficient method for GKSRS of VS The p-value was less than 0.001 and statistically significant for various plan indices.
Effect of driver gas composition on production of scaled Friedlander waveforms in an open-ended shock tube model
Authors: Reeder Evan L , Liber Mei-Ling , Traubert Owen D , O’Connell Christopher J , Turner Ryan C , Robson Matthew J
Published: October 2022

With the evolution of modern warfare and the increased use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs), there has been an increase in blast-induced traumatic brain injuries (bTBI) among military personnel and civilians. The increased prevalence of bTBI necessitates bTBI models that result in a properly scaled injury for the model organism being used. The primary laboratory model for bTBI is the shock tube, wherein a compressed gas ruptures a thin membrane, generating a shockwave. To generate a shock wave that is properly scaled from human to rodent subjects many pre-clinical models strive for a short duration and high peak overpressure while fitting a Friedlander waveform, the ideal representation of a blast wave. A large variety of factors have been experimentally characterized in attempts to create an ideal waveform, however we found current research on the gas composition being used to drive shock wave formation to be lacking. To better understand the effect the driver gas has on the waveform being produced, we utilized a previously established murine shock tube bTBI model in conjunction with several distinct driver gasses. In agreement with previous findings, helium produced a shock wave most closely fitting the Friedlander waveform in contrast to the plateau-like waveforms produced by some other gases. The peak static pressure at the exit of the shock tube and total pressure 5 cm from the exit have a strong negative correlation with the density of the gas being used: helium the least dense gas used produces the highest peak overpressure. Density of the driver gas also exerts a strong positive effect on the duration of the shock wave, with helium producing the shortest duration wave. Due to its ability to produce a Friedlander waveform and produce a waveform following proper injury scaling guidelines, helium is an ideal gas for use in shock tube models for bTBI.
Fuel compression in the magnetized cylindrical implosion driven by a gold tube heated by heavy ion beams
Authors: LIU Bo , WANG Fangping , ZHANG Heng , ZHANG Sheng , DUAN Wenshan
Published: October 2022

A magnetized cylindrical target composed of a gold tube filled with deuterium-tritium fuel plasma at low density is studied numerically in the present paper. A shock wave is produced when a heavy ion beam heats the gold along the direction of the magnetic field. The density peak of the shock wave increases with the increase in time and it propagates in the −r direction in the cylindrical tube. It seems that this wave is the supermagnetosonic wave. It is found that the Mach number M is between 6.96 and 19.19. The density peak of the shock wave increases as the intensity of the heavy ion beam increases. Furthermore, the density peak of the shock wave increases as the external magnetic field increases.
10 dB interferometer enhancement by squeezing of photon shot noise with sub-femtometer resolution and eye-safe optical power
Authors: Zander Jascha , Rembe Christian , Schnabel Roman
Published: October 2022

Quantum technologies that exploit quantum-correlated resources offer advantages over quantum technologies that just exploit coherent states. Here we propose and demonstrate the exploitation of squeezed light to enhance laser interferometers being at the sensitivity limit of eye-safe optical powers into a new regime otherwise impossible without sacrificing eye-safety. We realised a homodyne Mach–Zehnder interferometer that in its arms used an eye-safe combined optical power of only 10 mW at the wavelength of 1550 nm, and nevertheless achieved a displacement noise spectral density of as low as 0.26 fm Hz−1/2. This value is more than a factor of

10

below what is possible with 10 mW in ideal coherent states at 1550 nm and slightly lower than what is possible with 100 mW at the same wavelength. We envision a new user application for squeezed light in avoiding costs for laser safety measures.
Climate change creates opportunities to expand agriculture in the Hindu Kush Himalaya but will cause considerable ecosystem trade-offs
Authors: KC Krishna Bahadur , Fraser Evan D G , Wassmansdorf Dan , Tzadok Edan
Published: October 2022

Theoretically, climate change will create warmer temperatures and greater precipitation in mountainous regions, making agriculture possible in areas that were once unsuitable for cropping. But the extent and the nature of these ‘agricultural frontiers’ is as yet unknown. Building upon recent research on Climate Change Driven Agricultural Frontiers [CCDAFs], this paper assesses the potential of agricultural expansion in the Hindukush Himalaya [HKH]. Using FAO crop suitability data, we estimated the extent of CCDAFs under three Representative Concentration Pathways for 13 crops as well as the potential impacts of developing these frontiers on ecosystem services. We show that under climate change projected by the IPSL- CM5A-LR climate model, 34,507 km2 of agricultural frontiers may emerge in the HKH by 2100 under RCP 6.0. Additionally, results suggest that there will be new opportunities for crop diversification as individual crops will gain frontier area. However, developing these CCDAFs will impact supportive and regulating ecosystem services including carbon storage and sequestration, soil quality, biodiversity, and hydrological processes—with implications for regional water security. These impacts must be considered alongside the benefits of additional food production when evaluating the net benefits of developing CCDAFS.
Character sheaves for classical symmetric pairs
Authors: Vilonen Kari , Xue Ting
Published: October 2022

We establish a Springer theory for classical symmetric pairs. We give an explicit description of character sheaves in this setting. In particular we determine the cuspidal character sheaves.
Melanoma 2.0. Skin cancer as a paradigm for emerging diagnostic technologies, computational modelling and artificial intelligence
Authors: Vera Julio , Lai Xin , Baur Andreas , Erdmann Michael , Gupta Shailendra , Guttà Cristiano , Heinzerling Lucie , Heppt Markus V , Kazmierczak Philipp Maximilian , Kunz Manfred , Lischer Christopher , Pützer Brigitte M , Rehm Markus , Ostalecki Christian , Retzlaff Jimmy , Witt Stephan , Wolkenhauer Olaf , Berking Carola
Published: October 2022

We live in an unprecedented time in oncology. We have accumulated samples and cases in cohorts larger and more complex than ever before. New technologies are available for quantifying solid or liquid samples at the molecular level. At the same time, we are now equipped with the computational power necessary to handle this enormous amount of quantitative data. Computational models are widely used helping us to substantiate and interpret data. Under the label of systems and precision medicine, we are putting all these developments together to improve and personalize the therapy of cancer. In this review, we use melanoma as a paradigm to present the successful application of these technologies but also to discuss possible future developments in patient care linked to them. Melanoma is a paradigmatic case for disruptive improvements in therapies, with a considerable number of metastatic melanoma patients benefiting from novel therapies. Nevertheless, a large proportion of patients does not respond to therapy or suffers from adverse events. Melanoma is an ideal case study to deploy advanced technologies not only due to the medical need but also to some intrinsic features of melanoma as a disease and the skin as an organ. From the perspective of data acquisition, the skin is the ideal organ due to its accessibility and suitability for many kinds of advanced imaging techniques. We put special emphasis on the necessity of computational strategies to integrate multiple sources of quantitative data describing the tumour at different scales and levels.
A comprehensive survey of the approaches for pathway analysis using multi-omics data integration
Authors: Maghsoudi Zeynab , Nguyen Ha , Tavakkoli Alireza , Nguyen Tin
Published: October 2022

Pathway analysis has been widely used to detect pathways and functions associated with complex disease phenotypes. The proliferation of this approach is due to better interpretability of its results and its higher statistical power compared with the gene-level statistics. A plethora of pathway analysis methods that utilize multi-omics setup, rather than just transcriptomics or proteomics, have recently been developed to discover novel pathways and biomarkers. Since multi-omics gives multiple views into the same problem, different approaches are employed in aggregating these views into a comprehensive biological context. As a result, a variety of novel hypotheses regarding disease ideation and treatment targets can be formulated. In this article, we review 32 such pathway analysis methods developed for multi-omics and multi-cohort data. We discuss their availability and implementation, assumptions, supported omics types and databases, pathway analysis techniques and integration strategies. A comprehensive assessment of each method’s practicality, and a thorough discussion of the strengths and drawbacks of each technique will be provided. The main objective of this survey is to provide a thorough examination of existing methods to assist potential users and researchers in selecting suitable tools for their data and analysis purposes, while highlighting outstanding challenges in the field that remain to be addressed for future development.
Multi-modal chemical information reconstruction from images and texts for exploring the near-drug space
Authors: Wang Jie , Shen Zihao , Liao Yichen , Yuan Zhen , Li Shiliang , He Gaoqi , Lan Man , Qian Xuhong , Zhang Kai , Li Honglin
Published: October 2022

Identification of new chemical compounds with desired structural diversity and biological properties plays an essential role in drug discovery, yet the construction of such a potential space with elements of ‘near-drug’ properties is still a challenging task. In this work, we proposed a multimodal chemical information reconstruction system to automatically process, extract and align heterogeneous information from the text descriptions and structural images of chemical patents. Our key innovation lies in a heterogeneous data generator that produces cross-modality training data in the form of text descriptions and Markush structure images, from which a two-branch model with image- and text-processing units can then learn to both recognize heterogeneous chemical entities and simultaneously capture their correspondence. In particular, we have collected chemical structures from ChEMBL database and chemical patents from the European Patent Office and the US Patent and Trademark Office using keywords ‘A61P, compound, structure’ in the years from 2010 to 2020, and generated heterogeneous chemical information datasets with 210K structural images and 7818 annotated text snippets. Based on the reconstructed results and substituent replacement rules, structural libraries of a huge number of near-drug compounds can be generated automatically. In quantitative evaluations, our model can correctly reconstruct 97% of the molecular images into structured format and achieve an F1-score around 97–98% in the recognition of chemical entities, which demonstrated the effectiveness of our model in automatic information extraction from chemical patents, and hopefully transforming them to a user-friendly, structured molecular database enriching the near-drug space to realize the intelligent retrieval technology of chemical knowledge.
CoxMKF: a knockoff filter for high-dimensional mediation analysis with a survival outcome in epigenetic studies
Authors: Tian Peixin , Yao Minhao , Huang Tao , Liu Zhonghua
Published: October 2022

Motivation

It is of scientific interest to identify DNA methylation CpG sites that might mediate the effect of an environmental exposure on a survival outcome in high-dimensional mediation analysis. However, there is a lack of powerful statistical methods that can provide a guarantee of false discovery rate (FDR) control in finite-sample settings.

Results

In this article, we propose a novel method called CoxMKF, which applies aggregation of multiple knockoffs to a Cox proportional hazards model for a survival outcome with high-dimensional mediators. The proposed CoxMKF can achieve FDR control even in finite-sample settings, which is particularly advantageous when the sample size is not large. Moreover, our proposed CoxMKF can overcome the randomness of the unstable model-X knockoffs. Our simulation results show that CoxMKF controls FDR well in finite samples. We further apply CoxMKF to a lung cancer dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project with 754 subjects and 365 306 DNA methylation CpG sites, and identify four DNA methylation CpG sites that might mediate the effect of smoking on the overall survival among lung cancer patients.

Availability and implementation

The R package CoxMKF is publicly available at https://github.com/MinhaoYaooo/CoxMKF.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.