bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Viability of Arundo donax as a Potential Source of Green Energy for Electricity Cogeneration in Belize
Authors: Smartt Forrest , Nurse Leonard , Green Earl
Published: January 2021

Wild Cane (Arundo donax) is a perennial rhizomatous grass that is native to tropical and sub-tropical zones. This C3 crop is known to have significant potential to produce commercial grade bioenergy. Belize has conducted a preliminary compatibility test at the American Sugar Refineries/ Belize Sugar Industries, Belize Co-generation Energy Ltd. (ASR/BSI BELCOGEN) facility which produced satisfactory but inconclusive results. The potential of this species as an energy crop is enhanced by its versatility, adaptability and its robustness to climate variability. Further, the crop’s resistance to environmental stresses and its ability to flourish on marginal spaces means that successful propagation will not lead to competition for productive agricultural lands, and potentially consequential negative effects on Belize’s food security. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the commercial cultivation of Arundo donax as an alternate fuel source for cogeneration at BELCOGEN in Belize, focusing particularly on biomass yield and the identification of climate and other environmental factors required for optimum growth. In this regard, the research examined three sites comprising natural stands of Arundo donax - Middlesex, Sittee River and Monkey River. The species demonstrated good productivity potential, particularly within the Middlesex and Sittee River areas. Biomass yield was estimated at 15.18 t ac-1, 4.76 t ac-1 and 3.45 t ac-1 for Middlesex, Sittee River and Monkey River, respectively. In this study, the main parameters examined were climatic conditions and soil analysis, specifically moisture content, soil type and pH. Different growth patterns were noted at the three sites with the number of stems and extrapolated yield varying from 9.8 t ac-1, 10.45 t ac-1 and 32.02 t ac-1 for Monkey River, Sittee River and Middlesex, respectively. The adaptability of the species to marginal lands, the limited human input needed for its cultivation, and its high biomass yield are factors which make Arundo donax a potentially viable fuel crop.
Surface Resistivity Sounding and Borehole Data Analysis for the Evaluation of Aquifer Characteristics of Southern Districts Barguna and Patuakhali, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Tariqul , Woobaidullah ASM
Published: January 2021

The study delineates the aquifer system of the study area and determines the extension of potential fresh water aquifer and suitable locations for groundwater development through geophysical electrical resistivity method. Vertical electrical sounding with Schlumberger electrode configuration, a method for surface resistivity measurement, has been used for data collection. Resistivity data along with borelog data analyses are used for this investigation. Lithological cross section analyses show that sand and clay dominated lithology with frequent facies changes occur throughout the area and also show an aquifer system similar to the three-tier aquifer system proposed by Aggarwal for coastal area of Bangladesh. This study reveals the presence of three aquifers. 1staquifer occurs at a very shallow depth at some places <5 m and thickness of the aquifer varies 10-70 m all over the region, and shows very low resistivity value indicating saline pore water. Average depth to the 2nd aquifer ranges from 60-70 m and also contaminated by saline water. In few places of 2nd aquifer resistivity values more than 20 Ωm suggest some fresh water pockets. Depth to the 3rd aquifer that spreads all over the study area is more than 220 m at maximum part of the area. Only potential fresh water aquifer is the 3rd or deep aquifer, but low resistivity values of this aquifer at Patharghata and small portion of Kalapara and Rangabali Upazilas hint that there may have saline water intrusion. More precise information for this complex geological set up require greater number of sounding points.

The Dhaka University Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 8(1), 2019, P 11-18
Periodontal Disease as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease - A Questionnaire Survey among Physicians
Authors: Arya Varun , Kudpi Ramya Shenoy , Rungta Nikita
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Periodontal infections have been documented to influence coronary heart diseases such as angina, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis and other systemic conditions like stroke, diabetes mellitus and preterm low birth weight babies. Over the last two decades, several studies have reported associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The association is now a part of the dental school curriculum and periodontology. However, in contrast, this important aspect is missing in the medical school curriculum and not many physicians are aware of the role periodontal disease plays in CVD.

Aim: To assess the knowledge and practices of physicians of Mangalore City, South India, on periodontal disease as a risk factor in Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD).

Methodology: A questionnaire survey was carried out to assess physicians’ knowledge and practices in the city of Mangalore, South India. The physicians were divided into four groups as follows: Group I - Physicians associated with medical colleges; Group II – Sole private practitioners; Group III - Physicians associated with medical colleges and having their private practice; Group IV - Post-graduate students. A Chi-square test was applied to test the difference between knowledge and practices among the groups.

Results: Out of a total of 106 physicians, 56 (52.3%) participated in the survey. Periodontal disease was considered to be a risk factor in CVD by 87.5% (n=47) respondents and 96.4% (n=54) respondents stated that bleeding/enlargement of the gingivae was a sign of periodontal infection. Only 40% (n=23) of the respondents asked about oral problems during general check-up.

Conclusions: The knowledge regarding the periodontal disease as a risk factor in CVD was high, however, the application of the knowledge in routine medical check-ups was observed to be less.

J MEDICINE JAN 2021; 22 (1) : 7-11
In vitro Propagation of Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) Through Embryo Culture
Authors: Afolabi JO , Oloyede EO , Akala AO
Published: January 2021

The chances of shoot-regeneration from embryo culture of Morinda citrifolia L. seeds was investigated. Germination on different strengths of MS and control (Sterile distilled water) started by two weeks after inoculation (WAI). At 6 WAI, 90% of the embryo had germinated from 25% MS followed by 80% in control, 70% from 50% MS and 40% each from 100 and 75% MS. Similarly, the same MS media strengths with basal application of 2.0/1.0 mg/l BAP/Kn affected the growth of regenerated Noni-plantlets. The longest shoot length (3.46 cm) and the number of nodes (1.75) were obtained from 75% MS while the highest number of leaves (7.25) was obtained in 100% MS between 4 and 12 WAI. The lowest value for these parameters were observed in 25% MS. This showed that mature zygotic embryo is good explant for the establishment of highly viable and re-generable plantlets of Noni.

Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 30(2): 199-207, 2020 (December)
Genotypic Variability in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] through Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation
Authors: Shukla Shruti , Rani Anita , Jain Meeta , Kumar Vineet
Published: January 2021

Embryonic tip explants of 92 Indian soyabean and 7 advanced breeding lines derived from soaked mature seeds were inoculated and co-cultivated for 5-day with Agrobacterium strain EHA105 carrying the binary vector pCambia1305.1 containing a hygromycin and kanamycin resistance gene as plant and bacterial selectable markers, respectively. Transient expression of transgene was monitored by histochemical localization of β-glucouronidase (GUSPlus) reporter activity in transformed ET tissues. A high genetic variability for Agrobacterium-infection ranging from 3.8 to 100% was observed in the form of transient GUS expression. Five highly efficient genotypes, namely DS-228, JS 335, JS 72-44, KHSb2, and JS 72-280 with transient GUS expression of 100, 98.1, 96.5, 96 and 92%, respectively were identified. In addition, various infectivity patterns in these genotypes were observed. Genotypes with very high transient GUS expression identified in this study may improve success rate of development of transgenic soybean.

Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 30(2): 231-242, 2020 (December)
Eco-friendly management of the pod borers Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) and Lampides boeticus (L.) of yard long bean under field conditions
Authors: Vineetha V. , Ramesha B. , Sreekumar K. M. , Subramanian Madhu , Kumar T. Santhosh
Published: January 2021

Investigations on management of pod borers [Maruca vitrata (Fabricius), Lampides boeticus (L.)] of yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt) under field conditions revealed that Spinosad 45 SC followed by Bt formulation 2× 108 cfu/ml and Beauveria bassiana @ 107 spores/ml of water were the most effective treatments in preventing pod borer infestation as well as controlling number of pod borer larvae.
Acute Acquired Methemoglobinemia Following Nitrobenzene Poisoning
Authors: Dhungel Samriddh , Ghimire Prabina , Shrestha Swarup , Bhattarai Tulsi , Pokhrel Anil
Published: January 2021

Nitrobenzene is an aromatic compound commonly used in agricultural fertilizers. It is capable of inducing methemoglobinemia when ingested in sufficient quantities. Methemoglobinemia impairs oxygen transport by dual mechanism of impaired oxygen binding and diminished oxygen unloading. We report a case of nitrobenzene poisoning accompanied by methemoglobinemia and later complicated by unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia secondary to hemolysis. Prompt treatment with intravenous methylene blue based on a clinical diagnosis in view of dropping SpO2 unresponsive to oxygen with chocolate cyanosis and paradoxically elevated PaO2 enabled favorable patient outcome. Other recommended modalities of treatment in acquired acute methemoglobinemia include vitamin C, hyperbaric oxygen and exchange transfusions.Keywords: Methemoglobinemia; methylene blue; nitrobenzene; nitroboom
Vulnerability to Heat Stress and its Health Effects among People of Nepalgunj Sub-Metropolitan
Authors: Bhatta Kusumsheela , Pahari Sandip
Published: January 2021

Background: Record-breaking temperatures have occurred more frequently worldwide under the trend of climate change. It has increased the number of people at heat related medical conditions resulting in both mortality and morbidity from heat stress. This study aimed to assess factors associated with vulnerability to heat stress, its health effects among people of Nepalgunj Sub-metropolitan, and identify various coping strategies adopted. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 366 research participants selected through multi-stage random sampling technique in Nepalgunj Sub-metropolitan. Heat Index was assessed using secondary analysis of meteorological data of Nepalgunj (Airport) station. Chi-square test was done to analyze the primary data.Results: Out of 366 participants, 224 (61.2%) participants had heat related symptoms in the past 6 months (April to September) from the date of the interview. Sex, education, income, roof construction, Cross-ventilation, working hour per day, presence of chronic disease, and medications use had a significant association with heat related symptoms among the participants (p<0.05) The most common coping strategies adopted to manage heat stress were the use of cooling methods, wearing light clothing, and bathing by cold water. The average monthly heat index was highest in August (42 °C) and lowest in April (29°C).Conclusions: The majority of the participants had heat related symptoms in the study area. In order to mitigate the heat stress in the urban town like Nepalgunj, measures such as tree plantation, reducing vehicle smoke emissions, and developing proper housing ventilation can be applied.Keywords: Climate change; coping strategy; heat index; heat stress; Nepal
E-learning: a Modality of Medical Education in the Period of Crisis
Authors: Baral Gehanath , Baral Reetu Sharma
Published: January 2021

Delivery of medical education is challenged during the crisis like in pandemic. The purpose of this review is to explore the possible modality of medical education in pandemic condition. The modality depends on the availability of modality based resources, set curriculum and acceptance of modality. Blended learning and e-learning appear as the options of teaching-learning in crisis situation. Medical schools may adopt blended learning and e-learning modalities through curriculum that requires capacity building and availability of e-learning tools. Rescheduling the practical and clinical part in both training and evaluation are the immediate actions. Thus the existing method should be optimized by revision, replacement or postponement. Keywords: Crisis; curriculum; e-learning; medical education; pandemic
The Sufficientarian Alternative: A Commentary on Setting Health-Care Priorities
Authors: Zameska Jay
Published: January 2021

In this commentary on Torbjörn Tännsjö’s Setting Health-Care Priorities, I argue that sufficientarianism provides a valuable perspective in considering how to set health care priorities. I claim that pace Tännsjö, sufficientarianism does offer a distinct alternative to prioritarianism. To demonstrate this, I introduce sufficientarianism and distinguish two forms: Tännsjö’s “weak sufficientarianism” and an alternative strong form of sufficientarianism that I call “revised lexical sufficientarianism.” I raise a problem for Tännsjö’s sufficientarianism, and advocate for the revised view on this basis. I then demonstrate that in the area of population ethics, the revised view outperforms the other views Tännsjö considers. As such, I aim to demonstrate that sufficientarianism — understood as its own theory and not just as a form of prioritarianism — offers unique advantages in population ethics, and would have been a valuable complement to the other theories Tännsjö considers.
Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Matematika dengan Metode Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw di SMA Negeri 1 Gerung
Authors: Heryekti Pujingsih Raden Roro Sri
Published: January 2021

This study aims to improve motivation and mathematics learning outcomes through the application of the jigsaw cooperative learning model for class X-4 students at SMA Negeri 1 Gerung. This research method uses classroom action research. The research subjects were students of class X-4 with a total of 36 students. The research procedure was carried out on a cycle basis. Each cycle consists of planning activities, implementing actions, observing, and reflecting activities. The instruments used to collect research data consisted of tests and observation sheets. The research data were analyzed descriptively by using a percentage to see the trends that occurred in learning activities. The results showed that; (1) the application of the jigsaw cooperative learning model can increase student motivation in the teaching and learning process, (2) student motivation shows that in cycle 1 is 75% and an increase in cycle 2 becomes 84.7%; and (3) students' mastery of the learning material also showed satisfactory results, in cycle 1 students achieved 77.8% completeness, while in cycle 2 students achieved 88.9% completeness.
Optimalisasi Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok untuk Meningkatkan Kebiasaan Siswa Bertanya dalam Proses Pembelajaran di SMK Negeri 4 Gowa
Authors: Burhanuddin H
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to improve the habit of asking students in the learning process through the optimization of group guidance services. This research method uses classroom action research. The research procedure consists of planning, acting, observing and reflecting in 3 cycles. The subjects of this study were 10 students of class XI TKJ 2 SMK Negeri 4 Gowa. The research data collection technique used observation and questionnaires. While the data analysis in this study used a qualitative descriptive consisting of data processing, data analysis, and data presentation. The results of this study indicate that there is an increase in the habits of students in asking through the optimization of group guidance services. The increase in the habit of asking can be seen from the results of observations during the action process in group guidance activities, namely the existence of demands to display questioning behavior, the form of questioning behavior that is displayed is spontaneous, can choose the right time to ask and ask well without offending other people's feelings. As supporting data, to determine the increase in the habit of asking questions is through observations made by counseling teachers and subject teachers as a comparison. The result of the class is that there is an increase in the habit of asking in the learning process gradually from cycles 1, 2 and 3. In cycle 1 the frequency of asking questions is 40%, cycle II is 60% and in cycle III there is 80%. Thus through the optimization of group guidance services can increase the activeness of asking group members in the learning process.
Desengajamento moral e o bullying em contexto escolar
Authors: Rodrigues Ariane Lilian Lima dos Santos Melo , Ramos Maély Ferreira Holanda , Silva Emmanuelle Pantoja
Published: January 2021

Objetiva-se verificar se estudantes com idade entre 11 e 18 anos tiveram algum envolvimento em situações de violência (bullying) e avaliar a existência de uma tendência a justificarem atos de agressividade, por meio dos mecanismos do desengajamento moral. Para tanto se realizou um estudo com 430 alunos de duas escolas públicas em Belém - PA. Utilizaram-se dois instrumentos, um para caracterizar a amostra e averiguar situações de bullying; e o outro, para analisar os mecanismos do construto. Dos principais resultados obtidos, observou-se que mais de 37% da amostra já se envolveu em situações de bullying e 46% referiu que não se sentia seguro no ambiente escolar. Por outro lado, percebeu-se que em todos os mecanismos houve tendência dos alunos justificarem atos agressivos. Diante dos resultados, conclui-se que a prática do bullying é uma realidade nas escolas estudadas e que existe uma tendência dos alunos justificarem condutas agressivas.
Acesso a PrEP por homens cisgênero e transexuais: Um estudo de abordagem qualitativa
Authors: Souza Marcus Vinicius Lessa de , Silva Roni Robson da , Oliveira Maria Cristina Pimenta de , Silva Leandro Andrade da , Silva Maria Virginia Godoy da , Vargas Divane de , Hipólito Rodrigo Leite , Souza Maria das Graças Gazel de , Silveira Maria Lucia Feitosa Goulart da , Mesquita Lucas Marvilla Fraga de , Araújo Michael Silva , Ignácio Lígia Paula , Fontes Tatiana Vasconcellos , Alencar Ícaro Ferracini de , Souza Daniele Augusto Correa , Oliveira João Vitor Emídio , Neves Milena Preissler das , Pereira Amanda Vargas , Soares Filho Marcelo Oliveira , Dutra Vania de Cassia de Araujo
Published: January 2021

Estudo realizado no Rio de Janeiro, investiga a percepção de usuários de serviços públicos que ofertam a profilaxia pré-exposição ao HIV. Objetivo: Levantar possíveis barreiras e fatores facilitadores no acesso à Profilaxia Pré-Exposição (PrEP). Método: Trata-se de pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com usuários de serviços que oferecem PrEP no grande Rio, entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas. As categorias de análise são derivadas da construção das experiências narradas pelos interlocutores. Resultados e Discussão: Foram entrevistados 12 usuários dessa terapêutica com idade entre 25 e 39 anos, sendo 10 homens que fazem sexo com outros homens e 2 mulheres trans. Todos os usuários relataram ter algum conhecimento sobre PrEP; a pessoa transexual é a que menos frequenta os serviços. Existe consenso que a prevenção combinada é um passo positivo na política de prevenção a ISTS. Conclusão: As principais barreiras dizem respeito às limitações estruturais dos serviços de saúde.
Acidente vascular cerebral associado à infecção odontogênica grave em paciente geriátrico – relato de caso
Authors: Melo Radamés Bezerra , Lima Eduardo Brito de , Sá Carlos Diego Lopes , Feitosa Victor Pinheiro , Ramos Thiago Martins Magalhães , Tchemra Flávia Gouvêa Costa
Published: January 2021

O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar um caso de infecção odontogênica grave em paciente geriátrico, abordando os aspectos clínicos e abordagem cirúrgica. Relato do Caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 85 anos, com edema em submandibular direito, oral direito, submentual e dor intensa relacionada ao dente 46, que estava clinicamente comprometido por cárie em região vestibular. A antibioticoterapia com clindamicina e o procedimento cirúrgico foram realizados sob anestesia geral com exodontia 46 e drenagem dos espaços faciais submandibular, submentual e bucal. No pós-operatório imediato, o paciente evoluiu com acidente vascular cerebral e foi encaminhado à unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI), onde permaneceu por 7 dias. Depois disso, ele se recuperou bem e teve alta hospitalar no décimo dia após a cirurgia. O paciente encontra-se em acompanhamento pós-operatório de seis meses, sem sinais de complicações ou sequelas decorrentes do tratamento realizado. Conclusão: O tratamento das infecções odontogênicas em pacientes idosos deve ser realizado com grande cautela, principalmente naqueles com comprometimento sistêmico que pode desencadear complicações trans ou pós-operatórias. Além disso, é essencial o conhecimento adequado da anatomia, farmacologia e abordagem cirúrgica do dentista.
Avaliação econômica da larvicultura de Tambatinga (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus brachypomus) em diferentes densidades de estocagem em sistema de bioflocos
Authors: Lira Kárita Fernanda da Silva , Sousa Jader Brenner Barbosa de , Batista Bruna Rosa , Procópio Diego Pierotti , Ribeiro Janessa Sampaio de Abreu , Hoshiba Márcio Aquio
Published: January 2021

Objetivou-se, neste estudo, realizar a avaliação econômica da larvicultura de Tambatinga em três densidades de estocagem (10, 20 e 30 pós-larvas/litro) submetidas ao sistema de bioflocos (BFT) e a água clara (AC) utilizando os dados zootécnicos coletados durante um período experimental de 12 dias. A larvicultura foi dimensionada para a cidade de Cuiabá- Mato Grosso. Foram mensurados o Custo Operacional Efetivo, Custo Operacional Total e o Custo Total de Produção (CT), e realizada a análise do custo-benefício dos sistemas BFT e AC por meio do indicador financeiro-produtivo (Ifp) (g/R$). Os CTs (R$/litro) dos tratamentos com BFT foram de R$ 0,0843 (10 pós-larvas/litro), R$ 0,134 (20 pós-larvas/litro), R$ 0,1837 (30 pós-larvas/litro), sendo esses valores maiores do que os CTs encontrados em AC de R$ 0,0588, R$ 0,1088, R$0,1589, respectivamente. Os Ifps, das densidades 10, 20 e 30 em BFT, nesta ordem, foram de 0,287g, 0,1392g e 0,0651g para cada R$ 1,00 de CT. Já em AC os Ifps foram de 0,0639g/R$1,00, 0,0789g/R$1,00 e 0,1052g/R$1,00, conforme o aumento da densidade. Por meio do Ifp, foi possível avaliar que mesmo com maior CT, a utilização de sistemas de BFT, com densidade de 10 e 20 pós-larvas/litro, permitem maior ganho de biomassa final para cada real alocado na atividade.
Músicos Adolescentes demonstraram melhor desempenho das Funções Executivas conforme exigência da tarefa?
Authors: Gonçalves Ariel de Oliveira , Batista Carolina Lamonica , Destro Gabriel , Morais Everton Adriano de
Published: January 2021

Tocar um instrumento musical pode melhorar o desempenho do indivíduo em outras atividades não relacionadas à música. A literatura atual sugere que as funções executivas (FEs), especialmente o controle inibitório, são responsáveis por este fenômeno. Entretanto, as evidências na área são mistas. Talvez devido à interferência de variáveis não previstas pelos designs de pesquisa. A atual pesquisa lidou com músicos adolescentes de desenvolvimento neurotípico, e usou o instrumento teste dos cinco dígitos (FDT, sigla em inglês). O teste FDT é do paradigma do teste Stroop, frequentemente utilizado nas pesquisas lidando com FEs e música, e mede a capacidade de controle inibitório. O FDT, entretanto, tem a vantagem de uma maior sensibilidade quanto à dificuldade (que é incremental) e o decorrer temporal (se os erros são cometidos na metade inicial ou final) da tarefa. Podendo assim levar em conta variáveis ainda não estudadas. O estudo foi transversal e realizado com 40 adolescentes (idade 14 – 17, M = 15) de um colégio particular de Curitiba. Dos quais 20 eram músicos (tocavam um instrumento ou mais) e 20 eram não músicos. Os resultados apontaram que não há diferença entre o desempenho dos dois grupos nas tarefas mais simples, que usam apenas processos automáticos. Entretanto, nas tarefas mais complexas, que demandam mais controle cognitivo consciente, os adolescentes músicos têm um desempenho melhor do que dos não músicos. Esta variável pode ser importante para explicar a discrepância na literatura, assim como guiar futuras pesquisas na área.
A educação do campo: discussões sobre formação de professores e metodologias de ensino em turmas multisseriadas
Authors: Souza Lindomar Pereira de
Published: January 2021

O artigo tem como objetivo refletir acerca da educação do campo na perspectiva da formação do professor do campo e as metodologias de ensino desenvolvidas nas séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental em turmas multisseriadas. Este estudo emergiu do projeto de pesquisa de mestrado em ensino, da Universidade do Vale do Taquari – Univates no ano de 2020. O referido estudo teve uma abordagem de cunho bibliográfico, tendo como referencial teórico autores do campo de estudo como: Hage; Parente; Arroyo, Caldart e Molina; Delboni e outros autores que nos fazem pensar sobre a questão em destaque. Usamos ainda alguns dispositivos legais como fonte documental a destacar: LDB[1]; os documentos (CNEC)[2] e o Decreto nº 7.352, de 4 de novembro de 2010. O presente artigo evidencia discussões sobre a necessidade de formação específica para professores atuantes em turmas multisseriadas de modo a pensar um planejamento pautado nas possibilidades de metodologias desenvolvidas pelos professores que trabalham em turmas multisseriadas nas séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental da educação do campo, além do reconhecimento da educação do campo como uma modalidade que deve ter a devida atenção por parte dos gerenciadores da educação.
 
[1] Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional nº 9394/96.
[2] Conferência Nacional Por Uma Educação do Campo. A primeira aconteceu na cidade de Luziânia, GO, de 27 a 31 de julho de 1998, promovida pelo MST, UNICEF, UNESCO, CNBB e UnB. A segunda conferência foi realizada na mesma cidade de Goiás, no período de 02 a 06 de agosto de 2004.
Role of antioxidants in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: Integrative review
Authors: Locatelli Claudriana , Jardim Joyce Kelly Busolin , Zancanaro Vilmair
Published: January 2021

Theorical framework: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a unique cancer that typically arises in the setting of chronic liver disease at a rate dependent upon the complex interplay between the host, disease, and environmental factors. Unfortunately, with contemporary management, patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma have few treatment options, and the prognosis is poor. Objective: Evaluate the role of antioxidants in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methodology: It is an integrative review, with a qualitative approach. Based on research on ScienceDirect and PubMed databases, 12 articles were selected that were consistent with the theme and the inclusion and exclusion criteria, through the association of descriptors and keywords. Results: Studies in vivo demonstrated a positive correlation of antioxidants in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The antioxidants were able to promote inhibition of development tumor through promotes decrease of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-6 and changes the ratios of Bax/Bcl2 that supports apoptosis. In oxidative stress, may be able to direct free radical scavenging activity. Among the main antioxidants with advanced preclinical evidence in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma is curcumin with tests in humans, and gallic acid, quercetin and resveratrol with several tests in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: This study highlights that antioxidants can be a promising therapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Romanticism and Modernity
Authors: Browne Craig , Lynch Andrew P.
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores the implications of Taylor’s analysis of romanticism’s influence on modernity and the tension, in his opinion, between modernity’s dominant emphasis on instrumental rationality and romanticism’s ideals, like expression, creativity and community. Taylor wants to show, we argue, the extent to which the strains of modern society derive from this tension and how romanticism’s ideals have influenced modern political movements, particularly nationalism. In particular, Taylor’s own critical diagnoses of the ‘malaise of modernity’ are influenced by romanticism, as is evident from his observations on the fragility of social bonds in the face of industrial and technological advancement, as well as in his comments on contemporary culture’s potential loss of meaning and significance. These experiences of alienation are the other side, so to speak, of the modern ethic of authenticity, which has resulted in the widespread concern with self-realisation. Taylor argues that romantic authors, especially Humboldt and Herder, developed an expressivist theory of language, a holistic conception of liberal freedoms, and were among the first to appreciate the importance of a community’s political culture to modern freedoms. Taylor is shown to be able to claim on this basis that the debate between liberalism and communitarians has been at cross-purposes.
Modern Social Imaginaries
Authors: Browne Craig , Lynch Andrew P.
Published: January 2021

Taylor’s political thinking seeks to come to terms with the changed ideological and political context that coalesced during the twentieth century’s last decades and the new millennium. It involves a reinterpretation of modernity in light of its questioning and a new take on the cultural background to modernity’s dominant institutional forms, liberal democracy and modern capitalism. Taylor’s contributions to two theoretical perspectives that offer important insights into the present are explained: multiple (or alternative) modernities and social imaginaries. The chapter clarifies multiple modernities and social imaginaries’ intellectual backgrounds and development in response to specific theoretical and political problems, like the dissolution of State Socialist societies, anti-colonial struggles, and religious fundamentalism. It argues that Taylor’s desire to revisit the question of the relationship between religion and the secular motivated his work on modern social imaginaries. Taylor contends that the modern social imaginary generates a notion of society as constituted as a moral order of mutual benefit and that this image informs individual practices. Taylor’s proposals are critically compared with those of the principal initiators of the social imaginaries theoretical perspective, especially those of Cornelius Castoriadis and Claude Lefort.
Hacı Bektaş and his Contested Legacy: The Abdals of Rum, the Bektashi Order and the (Proto-) Kizilbash Communities
Authors: Karakaya-Stump Ayfer
Published: January 2021

Chapter 3 takes up the issue of the relationship between the Kizilbash/Alevi communities and the Bektashi order, tracing its roots to their common association with the cult of Hacı Bektaş and their shared links to the Abdals of Rum. This chapter challenges Köprülü’s conjecture of an insular Turkish folk Islam transferred under the cover of the Yesevi Sufi order from Central Asia to Anatolia, and inherited in its new home by successive heterodox circles within a linear evolutionary scheme; it was purported to have passed from the Yeseviyye to the Abdals of Rum, an itinerant dervish group active in late medieval Anatolia, and from them onto the better institutionalized Bektashi order. Within this framework, Köprülü treated the Kizilbash/Alevis as lay followers of the Bektashi order. Evidence emerging from Alevi sources complicates this picture. They disclose no evidence of a Yesevi connection. Nor do they validate Köprülü’s view of the Alevis as lay followers of the Bektashi order. While they do confirm the closely intertwined trajectories of the two affiliations, their interactions and eventual partial fusion appear to have involved a much more contested process than presumed by Köprülü, tensions crystallizing especially around the spiritual legacy of Hacı Bektaş.
From Persecution to Confessionalisation: Consolidation of the Kizilbash/Alevi Identity in Ottoman Anatolia
Authors: Karakaya-Stump Ayfer
Published: January 2021

Alevi documents that were issued by Ottoman authorities recognising related families as Sufi dervishes and/or sayyids form a point of departure of the analysis in this chapter that focuses on relations between the Ottoman state and the Kizilbash communities. While such documents might be interpreted simply as manifestations of Ottoman religious tolerance and administrative pragmatism, this chapter approaches them in the light of the key argument of this book that emphasises the Sufi genealogies of Kizilbash/Alevi saintly lineages. In assessing relations between the Ottoman state and the Kizilbash communities, a special emphasis is placed on the sixteenth-century Kizilbash persecutions and their ruinous impact on the Sufi infrastructure of the Kizilbash milieu. I contend that the persecutory measures employed against the Kizilbash, rather than being viewed within such binaries as tolerance versus intolerance and politics versus religion, ought to be understood in connection to a range of other developments in Ottoman history, including most importantly the process of Sunni confessionalisation that entailed the demarcation of boundaries of acceptable Sufism. Pressures for confessionalisation would also pave the way for Kizilbashism to evolve from a social movement comprising a diverse range of groups and actors into a relatively coherent and self-conscious socio-religious collectivity.
On Extraterritoriality
Authors: Fan Victor
Published: January 2021

This introduction argues that Hong Kong cinema and media are best understood as a public sphere, where affects associated with Hong Kongers’ extraterritorial position of being doubly occupied and ostracised by contesting sociopolitical forces are being negotiated. It first examines why the national/transnational debate on Hong Kong cinema falls short of helping us understand the core of the sociopolitical perturbation it seeks to locate. It then expounds the term ‘extraterritoriality’ from both theoretical and historical angles. With these in mind, this chapter studies Mandarin musical Chang xiangsi [An All-Consuming Love, He Zhaozhang, 1947] as an example of an extraterritorial cinematic and musical experience. Finally, it introduces the specific topics and case studies discussed in each chapter of this book.
Breaking the Wave
Authors: Fan Victor
Published: January 2021

This chapter asks the question: Can women filmmakers, cinematic spectators, and televisual viewers speak from their doubly––sociopolitically and gendered––extraterritorialised position? It -historicises the theoretical discourse and film practice of the first phase (1968–78) of the Hong Kong New Wave from the perspectives of women filmmakers and critics. It also discusses three different ways by which women speak through the cinema and television as authors, all aiming to establish what Pier Paolo Pasolini (1922–75) would call a free indirect discourse. For independent filmmaker Tang Shu-hsuen, through unlearning Euro-American aesthetics and relearning medieval Chinese one from the perspective of modern women, a cinema specific to the extraterritorial position of a Hong Kong female spectator can be fostered. For screenwriter Joyce Chan and her collaborator director Patrick Tam, a free indirect discourse can only be achieved when the addresser-message-addressee mode of communication in commercial television is actively challenged. Finally, for director Ann Hui and screenwriter Shu Kei and Wong Chi, the classical Hollywood paradigm can be reconfigured to enable desubjectivised and abjectivised gay male characters to negotiate their traumas and desires in terms that are understandable by heterosexual and heteronormative viewers.
‘Nothing is really statically at rest’: Cézanne and Modern Still Life
Authors: Tobin Claudia
Published: January 2021

This introduction introduces the shifting terms and characteristics historically ascribed to the still life genre, in order to open up a more nuanced discussion of the significance of stillness and still life for modern cultural practices across different media, in literature, painting, sculpture and dance. The still life paintings of the French Post-Impressionist Paul Cézanne (1839–1906) are paradigmatic in this exploration of modern still life and the phenomenon of the ‘animate inanimate’. This introduction examines a range of textual responses to his still lifes by Virginia Woolf, Rainer Maria Rilke, Wassily Kandinsky and (in an extended exploration) D.H. Lawrence, in order to explore a constellation of motifs, concerns and desires that shape the still life in the ‘age of speed’.
‘Past the gap where we cannot see’: Still Life and the ‘Numinous’ in British Painting of the 1920s–1930s
Authors: Tobin Claudia
Published: January 2021

The relationship between still life, spiritual contemplation and the ‘numinous’ comes to the foreground in the work of British painters, Winifred Nicholson, Ben Nicholson, David Jones and Ivon Hitchens, in the context of the artists’ different commitments to the ‘spiritual’, from Christian Science to Catholic theology.
This chapter proposes that still life - and in particular the ‘still life at a window motif’ - functions in their work as a mode through which to explore the relationship between the material and the immaterial, as well as to tease out fundamental aesthetic questions.
It offers close readings of their still life and flower paintings of the 1920s and early 30s and of writings by contemporary collectors and by the artists, to make the case for the emergence of an ‘enchanted’ domesticity in their circle, which was intimately related to still life and its transformation of the everyday object world. It concludes with an excursion into Kettle’s Yard, Cambridge, the former home of Jim Ede, the collector and friend of the Nicholsons, to propose a reading of his domestic space as an extended still life.
HEMODİYALİZ TEDAVİSİ ALAN HASTA BİREYLERİN KİŞİLER ARASI TARZ VE SOSYAL İYİ OLMA DÜZEYLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: COŞKUN Ejdane , İNEL MANAV Ayşe
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışma hemodiyaliz tedavisi alan hastaların kişiler arası tarz ve sosyal iyi olma düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı kesitsel nitelikteki araştırma, 18.10.2019-10.01.2020 tarihleri arasında bir kamu hastanesinin Hemodiyaliz Ünitesi’nde hemodiyaliz tedavisi alan ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 69 hasta ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler; Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Kişiler arası Tarz Ölçeği (KTÖ) ve Sosyal İyi Olma Ölçeği (SİOÖ) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veriler; ortalama, standart sapma, frekans, Student t-test, Tek Yönlü ANOVA ve Pearson Korelasyon Analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Hasta bireylerin KTÖ toplam puan ortalaması 128.65±29.9 ve SİOÖ toplam puan ortalaması 53.72±14.48’dir. KTÖ; kaçınan, öfkeli ve alaycı tarz alt boyut puan ortalamaları arasında yaş durumuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark vardır (p<0.05). SİOÖ ile KTÖ öfkeli tarz alt boyut puanları arasında negatif yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki vardır (p<0.05). Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda son dönem böbrek yetmezliği olan, hemodiyaliz tedavisi alan ve özellikle genç yaşta olan bireylerin daha çok olumsuz kişilerarası tarz sergiledikleri ve sosyal iyi olma düzeyi düşük olan bireylerin ise kişilerarası tarz olarak öfkeli tarzı benimsedikleri bulunmuştur.
Autonomous Language Learning at Tertiary Education Level in Saudi Arabia: Students’ and Instructors’ Perceptions and Practices
Authors: N. Khreisat Mohammad
Published: January 2021

The ultimate goal of educational institutions is to create self-independent, lifelong learners and discourage regurgitation of information in exams and evaluation. Thus, this study investigated (a) autonomous learning perceptions and practices among Saudi EFL students (n=312) and (b) instructors’ perceptions of their students’ autonomous language learning at a rural college at Jouf University in Saudi Arabia. This study utilizes a mixed method explanatory sequential research design using both quantitative (questionnaires) and qualitative (interviews) research. The results of this study reveal that the students perceive their teachers as being largely responsible for most (50%) of the learning practices. The rest of the practices were viewed as either their own responsibility or mutually shared responsibility with their teachers with 25% for each. The quantitative analysis also indicates a medium frequency level (mean=3.2) of learning activities among students indicating that students have little exposure and experience in autonomous learning at their current institution. As for the gender differences, there are minor differences seen in the results, but they are not statistically significant. Semi-structured interviews provided in-depth insights on students’ (n=14) and teachers’ (n=6) perceptions of autonomous learning. Based on the findings, the instructors have positive attitude towards autonomous learning and are cognizant about its importance, but it is not effectuated in the educational process. Students and instructors agree that weakness in English attenuate utilising autonomous learning practices. The study proposes training programs, re-evaluate curriculum and implement self-access learning time to promote autonomous learning at the tertiary level in Saudi Arabia..
The Human Leukocyte Antigen-DPB1 Degree of Compatibility Is Determined by Its Expression Level and Mismatch Permissiveness: A German Multicenter Analysis
Authors: Mytilineos Daphne , Tsamadou Chrysanthi , Neuchel Christine , Platzbecker Uwe , Bunjes Donald , Schub Natalie , Wagner-Drouet Eva , Wulf Gerald , Kröger Nicolaus , Murawski Niels , Einsele Hermann , Schaefer-Eckart Kerstin , Freitag Sebastian , Casper Jochen , Kaufmann Martin , Dürholt Mareike , Hertenstein Bernd , Klein Stefan , Ringhoffer Mark , Mueller Carlheinz R. , Frank Sandra , Schrezenmeier Hubert , Fuerst Daniel , Mytilineos Joannis
Published: January 2021

T-cell epitope matching according to the TCE3 algorithm classifies HLA-DPB1 mismatches in permissive and non-permissive. This classification has been shown to be predictive for mortality and acute GvHD (aGvHD) events in large international cohorts. We retrospectively genotyped HLA-DPB1 in 3523 patients transplanted in Germany between 2000 and 2014 and in their unrelated donors using an Illumina amplicon-NGS based assay. Aim of the study was to evaluate DP-compatibility beyond the established TCE3 algorithm by assessing the combined effect of several DP-mismatch parameters on post-transplant outcome. We implemented an extended DP-mismatch assessment model where TCE3, DP allotype expression with respect to rs9277534, mismatch vector and number of mismatches were conjointly taken into consideration. In this model, non-permissive HLA-DPB1 mismatches showed significantly increased aGvHD risk if they were accompanied by two HLA-DPB1 mismatches in GvH direction (HR: 1.46) or one mismatched highly expressed patient allotype (HR: 1.53). As previously reported, non-permissive HLA-DPB1 mismatches associated with a significantly higher risk of aGvHD and non-relapse mortality (HR 1.36 and 1.21, respectively), which in turn translated into worse GvHD and relapse free survival (HR 1.13). Effects on GvL and GvHD appeared strongest in GvH-directed non-permissive mismatches. Our study results support the consideration of additional HLA-DPB1 mismatch parameters along with the established TCE3 matching algorithm for refinement of future donor selection. In particular, our findings suggest that DP non-permissiveness associated with two HLA-DPB1 mismatches or at least on highly expressed mismatched patient allotype should be avoided.
Serum Total Bilirubin and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Jia , Liu Dongwei , Liu Zhangsuo
Published: January 2021

Background: Previous studies have suggested that serum total bilirubin (STB) levels are associated with heightened chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mortality in both the general population and nephropathy patients. However, these results remain inconsistent. The aim of our study was to investigate whether STB was a predictor for progression of CKD and mortality by meta-analysis.

Methods: We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library's database up to June 30, 2019. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted for the highest vs. lowest category STB levels within the physiological range, and a random-effects model was applied to calculate the dose–response relationships. A pooled hazard ratio (HR) was used to investigate the association between STB levels and mortality in dialysis patients.

Results: A total of 16 studies, wherein participants were followed from 21 months to 7 years, were eligible for inclusion in the study. For the categorized STB, 11 studies with 41,188 participants were identified and analyzed. Patients with the highest STB levels were associated with a lower risk of CKD (RR = 0.64; 95% CI 0.55–0.73) compared to those with the lowest STB levels. Furthermore, based on seven studies, a pooled RR of 0.89, 95% CI (0.80–0.99) was observed for the continuous STB levels (per 0.2 mg/dL increase). Four studies that included 51,764 participants illustrated that there was no association between STB levels and all-cause mortality (HR = 0.77; 95% CI 0.42–1.41). A prominent negative linear relationship (X2 = 14.70; P = 0.0001) was found between STB levels and risk of CKD. Subgroup analyses showed that there were no significant differences in the subgroup adjustment factor except for sample size.

Conclusions: Elevated STB levels within a physiological range are associated with lower risk of CKD regardless of the study characteristics and coincide with a liner dose–response relationship. However, whether high STB levels are a protective factor against mortality remains inconclusive. Large-scale randomized controlled trails are needed to target STB levels for predicting renal outcomes.