bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19-related lifestyle changes on diabetic macular edema
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9057, USA, Johnson Bryce P. , Robertson Zachary M. ,   Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9057, USA, Wang Angeline ,   Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9057, USA, Ufret-Vincenty Rafael L. ,   Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9057, USA
Published: December 2023

AIM: To assess diabetic macular edema (DME) progression during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, when severe societal restrictions raised the concern of possible deterioration of health in patients with systemic conditions, particularly those requiring frequent office visits.
METHODS: This is a multicenter retrospective chart review of 370 patients (724 eyes) with an established diagnosis of DME seen on 3 separate visits between January 2019 and July 2021. Period 1 was January 2019 to February 2020 (considered pre-COVID-19), period 2 was March 2020 to December 2020 (considered the height of the pandemic; highest level of pandemic-related clinical and societal regulations) and period 3 was January 2021 to July 2021 (re-adjustment to the new “pandemic norms”). Main outcome measures included visual acuity, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), macular thickness, patient adherence to scheduled ophthalmology visits, and DME treatment(s) received at each visit. To facilitate measurement of macular thickness, each macula was divided into 9 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS)-defined macular sectors as measured by OCT imaging.
RESULTS: There was no change of BMI, systolic BP, and diastolic BP between any of the time periods. HbA1c showed a very small increase from period 1 (7.6%) to period 2 (7.8%, P=0.015) and decreased back to 7.6% at period 3 (P=0.12). Macular thickness decreased for 100% of macular regions. The central macular thickness decreased across all 3 periods from 329.5 to 316.6 μm (P=0.0045). After analysis of multiple variables including HbA1c, BMI, adherence to scheduled appointments, different clinic centers, and treatment interventions, there was no easily identifiable subgroup of patients that experienced the increase in DME.
CONCLUSION: DME doesn't worsen during the COVID-19 pandemic, instead sustaining a very small but statistically significant improvement. While identifying a mechanism behind our findings is beyond the scope of this study, potential explanations may include a delay in retinal changes beyond our study period, an unexpected increase in treatment frequency despite pandemic restrictions, and an unanticipated pandemic-related improvement in some lifestyle factors that may have had a positive impact on DME.
New recessive compound heterozygous variants of RP1L1 in RP1L1 maculopathy
Authors:   The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China, Cao Wen-Chao , Gan Run ,   Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China, Huang Tao ,   Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China, Yan Xiao-He ,   Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China
Published: December 2023

AIM: To identify a maculopathy patient caused by new recessive compound heterozygous variants in RP1L1.
METHODS: Comprehensive retinal morphological and functional examinations were evaluated for the patient with RP1L1 maculopathy. Targeted sequence capture array technique was used to screen potential pathologic variants. Polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing were used to confirm the screening results.
RESULTS: Fundus examination showed round macular lesions appeared in both eyes. Optical coherence tomography showed that the inner segment/outer segment continuity was disorganized and disruptive in the left eye, but it was uneven and slightly elevated in the right eye. Fundus autofluorescence showed patchy hyper-autofluorescence in the macula. Visual field examination indicates central defects in both eyes. Electroretinogram (ERG) and multifocal ERG showed no obvious abnormalities. Fundus fluorescein angiography in the macula showed obviously irregular hyper-fluorescence in the right eye and slightly hyper-fluorescence in the left eye. We found that the proband carried a missense variant (c.1972C>T) and a deletion variant (c.4717_4718del) of RP1L1, which were originated from the parents and formed compound heterozygous variants. Both variants are likely pathogenic according to the ACMG criteria. Multimodal imaging, ERG and detailed medical history are important diagnostic tools for differentiating between acquired and inherited retinal disorders.
CONCLUSION: A maculopathy case with detailed retinal phenotype and new recessive compound heterozygous variants of RP1L1 is identified in a Chinese family, which expands the understanding of phenotype and genotype in RP1L1 maculopathy.
Automated evaluation of parapapillary choroidal microvasculature in crowded optic discs: a controlled, optical coherence tomography angiography study
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri 38090, Turkey, Arda Hatice , Temizyurek Ozge ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri 38090, Turkey, Sonmez Hatice Kubra ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri 38090, Turkey, Sevim Duygu Gulmez ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri 38090, Turkey, Evereklioglu Cem ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri 38090, Turkey, Horozoglu Fatih ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri 38090, Turkey, Sener Ayse Busra Gunay ,   Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri 38090, Turkey
Published: December 2023

AIM: To compare superficial and deep vascular properties of optic discs between crowded discs and controls using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).
METHODS: Thirty patients with crowded discs, and 47 control subjects were enrolled in the study. One eye of each individual was included and OCT-A scans of optic discs were obtained in a 4.5×4.5 mm2 rectangular area. Radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) density, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, cup volume, rim area, disc area, cup-to-disc (c/d) area ratio, and vertical c/d ratio were obtained automatically using device software. Automated parapapillary choroidal microvasculature (PPCMv) density was calculated using MATLAB software. When the vertical c/d ratio of the optic disc was absent or small cup, it was considered as a crowded disc.
RESULTS: The mean signal strength index of OCT-A images was similar between the crowded discs and control eyes (P=0.740). There was no difference in pRNFL between the two groups (P=0.102). There were no differences in RPC density in whole image (P=0.826) and peripapillary region (P=0.923), but inside disc RPC density was higher in crowded optic discs (P=0.003). The PPCMv density in the inner-hemisuperior region was also lower in crowded discs (P=0.026). The pRNFL thickness was positively correlated with peripapillary RPC density (r=0.498, P<0.001). The inside disc RPC density was negatively correlated with c/d area ratio (r=-0.341, P=0.002).
CONCLUSION: The higher inside disc RPC density and lower inner-hemisuperior PPCMv density are found in eyes with crowded optic discs.
Loxoscelismo cutáneo provocado por mordedura de Loxosceles spp en Cesar, Colombia. Reporte de Caso
Authors: Muegues-Salas Angel Alexis , Atencio-Ortiz Susana Isabel , Bornacelly-Dangond Fabian Andrés
Published: December 2023

El loxoscelismo es una exposición tóxica por mordedura de arañas del género Loxosceles, cuyo veneno es citotóxico, proteolítico y dermonecrótico; catalogado como uno de los más peligrosos por contener hialuronidasa, esfingomielinasa-D y levarterenol. Es relevante realizar un diagnóstico precoz para administrar el antídoto evitando secuelas y evaluar si el paciente cursa con un loxoscelismo visceral. Se presenta el caso de una paciente que ingresa con eritema pruriginoso en la región posterior del muslo izquierdo, que evoluciona a ampolla y posteriormente a úlcera necrótica. Se estableció un diagnóstico tardío de loxoscelismo cutáneo, lo que impidió administración del antídoto específico y se optó por un desbridamiento quirúrgico más curación de la herida; tuvo una evolución tórpida, lenta y con secuelas estéticas. Es importante mejorar el diagnóstico oportuno de loxoscelismo cutáneo y considerarlo como un diagnóstico diferencial en úlceras idiopaticas agudas, al igual que proporcionar el tratamiento adecuado para prevenir las secuelas asociadas.
Características de los donantes vivos posibles y efectivos para trasplante renal evaluados entre 2008 y 2019 en Colombia: un estudio de corte transversal
Authors: Galvis Sonia J , García-López Andrea , Lozano-Suárez Nicolás , Girón-Luque Fernando
Published: December 2023

Introducción: el trasplante renal con donante vivo ocupa el 23 % de los trasplantes en Colombia y la mayoría de los donantes que se evalúan no finalizan el proceso. Objetivo: describir las causas de la no finalización efectiva del proceso de donación de riñón, caracterizando a los donantes vivos de riñón posibles y efectivos evaluados en Colombiana de Trasplantes. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal, donde se revisaron de forma retrospectiva los registros médicos de 1488 posibles donantes, evaluados entre 2008 y 2019. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y bivariado de las características de los donantes posibles y efectivos. Se describió el flujo del proceso de donación y razones de no donación en sus distintas fases. Resultados: 36,9 % de los donantes posibles se convirtieron en donantes efectivos. De los donantes posibles, 15,4 % fueron no aprobados por salud mental, 31,8 % contraindicados por nefrología o cirugía, 11 % no aprobados en junta médica, y 4,7 % de los donantes fueron aprobados, pero no terminaron el proceso. Las razones de no donación por contraindicación médica más frecuentes fueron hipertensión arterial, anomalía anatómica y proteinuria mayor a 300 mg/día. Los donantes efectivos eran en general más jóvenes, con menor índice de masa corporal y mayor frecuencia de relaciones de primer grado. Conclusiones: solo una tercera parte de los posibles donantes llegan a ser donantes efectivos. Las principales razones de no donación son clínicas, pero un porcentaje importante es contraindicado por indicación de salud mental y por deserción del proceso.
Polimorfismos de la región UTR 3’ del gen DAT1 en jóvenes universitarios con bajos niveles de depresión o ansiedad de una universidad de Cali, Colombia, 2018
Authors: Losada-Casallas Karen Dayana , Cadavid-Ruiz Natalia , Cepeda-Leal Iván Leonardo , Muñoz-Ospina Beatriz Elena , Ortega-Ávila José Guillermo
Published: December 2023

Introducción: en la Región no Traducida (UTR) 3’ del gen SLC6A3 que codifica para el transportador de dopamina 1 (DAT1), se ha descrito la presencia de Repeticiones en Tándem de Número Variable (VNTR) que según su longitud pueden afectar la expresión de la proteína y la recaptación dopaminérgica, lo que podría contribuir al desarrollo de trastornos neuropsiquiátricos como la ansiedad y la depresión. Objetivo: describir la frecuencia de polimorfismos VNTR en la región UTR 3’ del gen DAT1 en una muestra de estudiantes de pregrado con bajos niveles de depresión y ansiedad de una universidad privada de Cali, Colombia. Método: estudio transversal en 62 universitarios entre 18-25 años en el 2018, seleccionados con bajos niveles de ansiedad y depresión según los inventarios de Beck Depression Inventory (BDI -II) y Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Los polimorfismos VNTR del gen SLC6A3 para DAT-1 fueron genotipificados a partir de ADN de sangre periférica a partir de la técnica de PCR. Con las frecuencias se calculó el equilibrio de Hardy Weinberg. Resultados: el 52 % de los sujetos fueron de sexo femenino, con una media de edad de 20 años. Las frecuencias genotípicas de los VNTR de DAT1 estaban en equilibrio de Hardy- Weinberg (p > 0.05). Los alelos con mayor frecuencia fueron los VNTR con 10R (75 %) y 9R (23,4 %). Se encontró la presencia de alelos raros de 11R y 6R (0,08 %) en genotipos heterocigotos con 10R. Conclusión: las frecuencias alélicas 10R y 9R del VNTR DAT-1 en universitarios con bajos niveles de depresión y ansiedad, fueron similares a las reportadas en otras poblaciones latinoamericanas. Las variantes menos frecuentes 6R y 11R pueden derivarse del mestizaje con poblaciones asiáticas o europeas.
From Communal to Individual: Shifting Authorities of Family Dispute Resolution in Minangkabau Society
Authors: Arifki Budia Warman  , Elimartati  , Dodon Alfiander  , Ashabul Fadhli  , Wardatun Nabilah
Published: December 2023

This study aims to explain the shift of authority in resolving family disputes in Minangkabau society. At least three authorities are involved in resolving family issues in Minangkabau: religious authority, represented by leaders with religious knowledge; customary authority, held by leaders with their own laws; and state authority, enforced by judges in court based on laws and regulations. This research is a field study with a socio-legal approach. The study examined Minangkabau households in both rural and urban areas, utilizing questionnaires and in-depth interviews to collect data from individuals involved  in household disputes. The data were then reduced, presented and verified. This study found that in addition to using the three long-standing authorities in Minangkabau society, disputants are more likely to use individual authority in resolving their family disputes. The disputants are more likely to resolve their family problems independently without involving religious leaders, customary leaders, or religious court judges. The tendency towards individual authority is more prevalent in urban communities. The strengthening of individual authority coincides with the weakening of the formal institutions of the three authorities in Minangkabau society. The factors contributing to the diminishment of these authorities include modernisation, technological advancements, and digitalisation which incentivises the involved parties to logically settle their disputes for their individual gains and aspirations. Based on the research findings, the current study confirms that the shift in family dispute resolution authority indicates that there has been a shift from extended to core family patterns in Minangkabau society
Teacher Creativity in Implementing Indonesian Language Learning Using Cursive Letter Writing
Authors: Khusna Zuhaida  , Rakanita Dyah Ayu Kinesti
Published: December 2023

This qualitative research aims to explore the teacher's creativity in implementing Indonesian language learning through cursive letters at MI Nahdlatul Ulama 01 Purwosari Kudus and its impact.  The study involved the school principal, the Class III Indonesian language teacher, and 28 Class III students. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation.  The findings revealed that the teacher's creativity in teaching Indonesian language through cursive letters involved the use of a scientific approach and the alternating habituation method accompanied by ice-breaking activities.  Media such as posters, whiteboards, and fine notepads were also employed. The positive impacts of this implementation included increased student enthusiasm, improved and neater student writing,  and gradual enhancements in learning outcomes for cursive letter writing.  However, negative impacts were observed in the prolonged time needed for the process and the perceived difficulty in writing cursive letters, posing a distinct obstacle for students.
School Culture-Based Internalization of Nationalism and Religious Characters in Islamic Elementary School
Authors: Hariyono  , Ismail SM  , M. Agung Hidayatulloh  , Miftachul Huda
Published: December 2023

The character of nationalism and religion forms the identity of the younger generation, not solely as knowledge but also as manifested in action.  This study aims to unveil the culture of nationalism and religious character at Nasima Elementary School (SD Nasima) in Semarang.  A qualitative case study methodology involving observation, interviews, and documentation was employed. The findings highlight that school residents perceive nationalism and religion as an environment characterized by nuanced patriotism and religious commitment, shaping the core values of the school.  The internalization of nationalism and religious characters is evident through the attitudes and behavior of school residents during commemoration and celebration activities, engagements reflecting nationalism and religious character, appreciation for the diversity of Nusantara culture, and discipline in executing activities related to these characters. The habitual integration of these characters is discernible in various facets, including daily routines, incidental programs, learning activities, extracurricular engagements, and environmental conditions.  The results suggest that learning transcends the cognitive domain; character development, as an essential aspect of the affective domain, emerges as a crucial facet in education.
Islamic Counseling for The Prevention of Game Addiction: Case Study in Elementary School
Authors: Zuliaty Aprilia , Bakhri Syamsul , Subhi Muhamad Rifa'i
Published: December 2023

Game addiction is a problem that gets much attention and is often discussed by the public. Currently, much research focuses more on prevention efforts for gaming addiction. The rapid development of technology will undoubtedly have negative impacts, including the development of technology, leading to elementary school children being vulnerable to games. This article examines various alternatives to prevent game addiction, especially for elementary school children easily influenced by fun things like games. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research location, namely Majlis Darul Ishlah, North Pekalongan, with research subjects being children aged 10-12 years. Conducting interviews, observation, and documentation uses a case study approach. The research that has been carried out has shown that Islamic counseling can significantly reduce gaming addiction in elementary school children, with a good increase in academic achievement and increased social interaction.
Self-Esteem and Peer Social Support: How Do They Contribute to High School Students' Academic Hardiness?
Authors: Lestari Aprillia Dewi Puspa , Antika Eni Rindi
Published: December 2023

Several factors, including internal and external factors, often cause academic hardiness in students. This research aims to analyze the influence of student self-esteem as a student's internal factor and peer social support as a student's external factor on students' level of academic hardiness. This research uses a quantitative approach with an ex post facto design. This research was conducted on 350 public high school students in Central Semarang District who were taken using the Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling technique. The instruments used in this research were the self-esteem scale (29 valid items α = .926), the peer social support scale (27 valid items α = .895), and the academic hardiness scale (24 valid items α = .845). The data was analyzed using multiple regression tests and met the classical test. The results show p-value = .000 (p <0.05). The coefficient of determination value shows that self-esteem and social support from peers influence academic hardiness by 44,6%. Meanwhile, some of it is influenced by other variables outside the research. This research impacts guidance and counseling teachers and counselors so they can provide services to increase self-esteem, peer social support, and student academic hardiness.
Financial Harmony in Diversity: Exploring the Dynamics of SMEs' Finance through the Lens of Business Size, Debt-to-Equity Ratio, and Revenue Growth toward the Perfection of Net Profit Margin
Authors: Gunanto Adi , Preda Larisa Elena
Published: December 2023

This study aims to analyze the impact of three independent variables: business size, debt-to-equity ratio, and revenue growth on the net profit margin of SMEs. In its execution, the methodological approach is based on multiple linear regression analysis, while the data acquisition technique involves surveys of SMEs from various sub-sectors. The novelty of this research lies in its in-depth analytical approach to the relationship between financial variables and their impact on the net profit margin of SMEs. The findings of this study indicate that business size, debt-to-equity ratio, and revenue growth significantly affect the net profit margin. The practical implications of this research provide guidance for SMEs in managing their finances through an understanding of the net profit margin, enabling them to make more comprehensive financial decisions.
Analyses of University Research Commercialization in Underdeveloped Countries: A Case Study of North Macedonia
Authors: Fetaji Bekim , Fetaji Majlinda , Ebibi Mirlinda , Zeqiri Izet , Hasan Affan
Published: December 2023

This study explores a significant research gap concerning university research commercialization within developing economies, with a specific focus on North Macedonia as a representative case. Employing a novеl and rеplicablе mеthodological approach that combinеs in-dеpth qualitativе intеrviеws with rеsеarchеrs and comprеhеnsivе quantitativе data analysis, thе study providеs a uniquе and comprеhеnsivе analysis of thе factors influеncing rеsеarch commеrcialization in this spеcific contеxt. The research extends its scope beyond the identification of key strengths, such as high research productivity, by also delineating critical weaknesses that impede commercialization efforts. To addrеss thе wеaknеssеs, thе study proposеs concrеtе and actionablе rеcommеndations, including targеtеd proof-of-concеpt grants, еnhancеd еducation on intеllеctual propеrty and commеrcialization stratеgiеs, strеngthеnеd tеchnology transfеr officе capabilitiеs, and intеnsifiеd collaboration with thе privatе sеctor. This study addrеssеs this crucial gap by invеstigating thе factors influеncing univеrsity rеsеarch commеrcialization in North Macеdonia, a rеprеsеntativе casе of a dеvеloping еconomy. This rеsеarch not only еnrichеs thе acadеmic discoursе on univеrsity еntrеprеnеurial еcosystеms in non-wеstеrn contеxts but also offеrs valuablе insights applicablе to othеr dеvеloping еconomiеs. By prеsеnting a rеplicablе framеwork for еvaluating univеrsity rеsеarch commеrcialization еfforts on a global scalе, thе study analyses univеrsity rеsеarch commеrcialization, particularly within dеvеloping еconomiеs. Thе study's mеthodological approach, combining qualitativе insights and analytical survеy tеchniquеs, offеrs a rеplicablе tеmplatе for еxamining univеrsity еcosystеms.
Cytogenetic characteristics of species of the genus Chironomus of the group ‘‘plumosus’’ (Diptera, Chironomidae) in natural-territorial complexes of the Ural region
Authors:   Urals State Pedagogical University, Filinкоva Tatiyana N.
Published: December 2023

The polytene chromosomes of the cells of the salivary glands of the larvae of Ch. plumosus L. 1758, Ch. entis Shobanov 1989, Ch. borokensis Kerkis et al. 1988 and Ch. curabilis Beljanina et al. 1990 from 20 reservoirs of six natural-territorial complexes of the Ural region were studied. On the basis of a cytotaxonomic study, it was established that natural complexes differ from each other in the species composition of the “plumosus” group, the ratio (in %) between species and, certain parameters of cytogenetic variability of Ch. plumosus, Ch. entis and Ch. borokensis. Comparative analysis revealed differences between groups of natural complexes. A significantly lower frequency of occurrence of sequence of chromosome disks pluA1.2 was found within the Ural plain-mountainous country (Western foothill and Middle Ural low-mountain regions) compared with natural complexes on the eastern slopes of the Southern Urals and the West Siberian Plain at the junction with the Ural mountain range. Populations of Ch. plumosus of the Ural plain-mountain country have lower cytogenetic distances between themselves compared to populations of Ch. plumosus on the eastern slopes of the Southern Urals and the West Siberian Plain at the junction with the Ural Mountain Range. With respect to Ch. entis, these territories differ from each other in the absence of sequence of chromosome disks entА1.2 within the Ural plain-mountain country. According to cytogenetic distances, the populations of Ch. entis on the eastern slopes of the Southern Urals and the West Siberian Plain country at the junction with the Ural Mountain Range differ more from the population of Ch. entis of the Ural plain-mountain country than among themselves. In the north-south direction, it is necessary to indicate a significantly lower frequency of occurrence of sequence of chromosome disks borB1.2 within the Ural plain-mountain country (Eastern Podgorny region) relative to a natural complex with a more southern location within the West Siberian Plain country (Tura Plain region). For Ch. borokensis the interpopulation cytogenetic distances were calculated for the first time (0.0128±0.0017). Differences in this indicator between the natural complexes of the Ural region have not been established.
Evaluation of activity of peroxidases contained in various plant sources
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Solovyeva Anna A. , Lebedeva Olga E. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Pham Thi Trinh ,   Belgorod State National Research University
Published: December 2023

In this study, the decolorization reaction of aqueous solution bromophenol blue dye was carried out in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase contained in the roots of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana), radish (Raphanus sativus var. radicula), yellow turnip (Brassica napobrassica), daikon (Raphanus sativus), black radish (Raphanus sativus ‘Niger’), green radish (Raphanus) or stalk of white cabbage (Brassica capitata). The reaction was carried out at an initial dye content of 25,1 μM, a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 0,4 mM, at t = 24 °C and pH 4,01, the peel of various vegetables was used as a source of peroxidase; it was inserted into the reaction without enzyme primary extraction. When using horseradish waste, black radish, white cabbage, turnips, it is possible to get the degree of decolorization of the dye in its aqueous solution by 95%. The maximum rate and Michaelis constants of the enzymatic reaction are calculated by the linearization method in the Linuiver – Burke coordinates. It is shown that the activity of peroxidase contained in the peel of black radish persists with an increase in temperature from 23 to 40 °С.
Urban mallard population (Anas platyrhynchos) in Saratov: Wintering, nesting, degree of synanthropization
Authors:   Saratov State University, Pushkova Alina E. , Mosolova Ekaterina Yu. ,   Saratov State University
Published: December 2023

The article reflects data on year-round studies of the urban mallard population in Saratov, allowing the assessment of the condition and the study of the factors influencing its formation. An estimate of the mallard population in the winter periods of 2020–2023 is presented. It is shown that the number negatively correlates with frosts and precipitation, and there is a statistically significant positive relationship between the number of people feeding ducks and the number of mallards. The state of the wintering and nesting population is assessed according to the index of synanthropization, the rate and path of penetration of the species into urbanized landscapes, and the stage of formation of the urban population in Saratov is determined. Adaptations of mallards to life in urban conditions and their impact on the ecology of the species as a whole are highlighted. The article emphasizes the need for further research on the impact of urbanization on mallard ecology and the benefits of this species for the urban ecosystem. The importance of monitoring population dynamics for its adaptation to the urban environment and maintaining the stability of the entire population is noted. In addition, the article provides a basis for further studies of the urban mallard population and can be a valuable source of information for the development of local programs for managing the available resources of ducks living in the park area of the city.
Ontological foundations of technology in the concept of Friedrich Dessauer
Authors:   Saratov State University, Bogatov Mikhail A. , Kosykhin Vitaly G. ,   Saratov State University, Malkina Svetlana M. ,   Saratov State University, Nevvazhay Igor D. ,   Saratov State Law Academy
Published: December 2023

Introduction. In connection with the growing development of technology in the XX–XXI centuries the role and significance of theoretical reflection on how human dependence on technology transforms our everyday life are increasing. At the same time, two main strategies can be distinguished in relation to the rising influence of technology: critical (pessimistic) and “progressive” (optimistic). If the critical approach is constantly in the field of view of the humanities (starting with Ernst Jünger, Oswald Spengler, Martin Heidegger), then the “progressive” one actually falls out of sight of modern researchers. The article is intended to appeal to the argument of one of the optimists, the concept of Friedrich Dessauer. Theoretical analysis. Friedrich Dessauer proceeds from an ontological model of understanding technology as the constant disclosure of the potential inherent in nature itself. Technology does not oppose nature, but continues and improves it in every possible way. Adhering to religious views, Dessauer says that technology continues the creation by God, and inventors and engineers act as co-creators of the divine plan. At the same time, the author sets out a rather abstract and mainly Kant-oriented idea of the structure of being and the place of a man in this being. Conclusion. Despite the fact that over the past 70 years, since the publication of Dessauer’s work, the face of the planet has changed significantly due to technical inventions, the argumentation of thinkers advocating both for and against the spread of technology has not actually changed: already in the 21st century we again and again encounter arguments proposed by Dessauer in 1958.
The problem of liberty: The importance of theorizing about classical liberal philosophy in the compatibilism concept formation
Authors:   Samara State University of Economics, Lang Petr P.
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Modern discussions about free will are reduced to the confrontation between compatibilism and incompatibilism. The desire of the former to connect the free will of the individual with physical conditioning actualizes the problem of responsibility for the moral actions performed by the individual. Theoretical analysis. The main socio-philosophical reflections on liberty and responsibility in the context of the 17th century liberalism theory are analyzed. The concepts of T. Hobbes, J. Locke and B. Spinoza are interpreted through the prism of the rational justification of liberty, understanding the correlation between a person’s choice and his actions. The paradigm of new thinking, created by liberal philosophers, made it possible to assess the meaning of freedom in a fundamentally different way – from the point of view of the interaction between an individual and society. A comparative analysis of the provisions on free will allows us to assert the aggravation of the problem of moral responsibility, caused by the rational awareness of free action criteria. Conclusion. The ideas of classical liberal-thinking philosophers acted as a theoretical foundation in the development of the compatibilism concept, the supporters of which associated freedom with necessity. Thus, we can talk about the continuity outlined back in antiquity – from freedom as a “cognized necessity” to its understanding as free will.
The position of science in the consumer society
Authors:   South Ural State University (National Research University), Pashchenko Olga V.
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Science in modern reality is closely intertwined with the cultural attitudes of the consumer society, and this connection is becoming stronger every year. The market economy, which underlies the culture of modern society, is a fairly flexible system, balancing like a tightrope walker between dynamically changing demand and consumption. Theoretical analysis. In order not to end up on the periphery of the economic system, scientific knowledge needs to show the same properties that a market economy does and, above all, flexibility. Science, becoming a branch of production, before producing must evaluate the results and think over the mechanisms for marketing the “product”, i.e. acquired knowledge or innovative technologies. Conclusion. Thus, scientists, choosing the topics for their scientific research, must clearly understand that there will be a consumer ready to “buy” the proposed research product. At the same time, it is important not to forget about the “product packaging”. It is necessary to present your research in such a way that the target audience does not doubt the need for its acquisition. Financing is received by those projects that were able to interest the commission and offer a competitive product. The values of the consumer society inevitably act as markers of the productivity of scientific research.
Socio-philosophical aspects of the development of generative artificial intelligence
Authors:   Saratov State University, Shatkin Max
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The article offers a socio-philosophical reflection on the development of generative artificial intelligence (GAIN) and its interaction with human society, through the lens of the dialectical method. Theoretical analysis. The characteristic feature of the GAIN is its complexity, which makes it incomprehensible to human consciousness, making it similar to social institutions created by society but not controlled by it. The GAIN, which creates content without understanding it, reflects the characteristic of the human spirit, which creates phenomena without ever understanding the principles and consequences of their work. The possibilities and unpredictability of the GAIN’s work, which exceeds the capabilities of the human mind, lead to the emergence of an attitude towards it not as a tool, but as a helper. But the universal nature of the GAIN prevents the generation of a personal history of interaction between a person and the GAIN, which leads to the need for individualization and concretization of the GAIN in a material medium. The connection of GAIN with a certain material medium gives GAIN the experience of independent existence, which triggers the cycle of infinite self-perfection and self-generation, as well as the transformation of matter, including society. The result of such transformation can be a digital-material society of swarm intelligence, where the openness of people’s consciousnesses to each other is conditioned by their connection with GAIN. Conclusion. The development of the GAIN is a dialectical movement from universality towards its concreteness and material embodiment, and then back to universality through the inclusion and transformation of the material world within the GAIN.
Order training as a method of managing the formed suborders of organizational culture (Castalia program)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Aksenovskaya Liudmila N.
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The organizational and cultural approach to the management of modern organizations remains a priority in the context of an increasing variety of management technologies. Theoretical analysis. The theoretical basis for understanding the phenomenon of organizational culture and socio-psychological training as a method of managing it is the order approach to the socio-psychological study and change of organizational culture. In the order approach organizational culture is considered as a complex socio-psychological order of organizational and managerial interactions, constituted and regulated by subsystems of ethical meanings of participants in interaction. Empirical Analysis. The analysis is based on the material of the training case. Conclusion. The socio-psychological mechanism underlying the training method of managing the suborders of organizational culture is a step-by-step recoding of the ethical and semantic code of culture, taking into account at the same time the features of the existing culture of the organization and the actual management task.
Eye-tracking study of the perception of folk art on the example of Gzhel and Khokhloma
Authors:   Saratov State University, Zinchenko Ekaterina M.
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Folk art is the basis of spiritual and moral education. Given that folk art is entering our lives in a new way, the chosen topic is relevant. Theoretical analysis. Gzhel and Khokhloma have accompanied the development of artistic taste over the centuries. It is known about the influence of art on the psycho-emotional state of a person, an indicator of which is oculomotor activity. Eye movements can be used as indicators of the perceptual process. Empirical analysis. The characteristic values of blinking, fixations and saccades were revealed during the perception of images of Gzhel and Khokhloma, taking into account the preference for one or another folk art. It has been established that those who prefer Gzhel use a contemplative strategy of observation, while those who choose Khokhloma use a research one. Also, when considering blue-white images, persons who have chosen Gzhel use a rational way of perception, and when perceiving gold images, they use an emotional one. Participants who preferred Khokhloma showed an inverse ratio of perception methods. Conclusion. When considering folk art, different ways of processing information are actualized among people who prefer Gzhel and Khokhloma. The identified features of oculomotor activity will make it possible to use these types of folk art in art therapy when conducting additional research.
The socio-psychological adaptation of Indian students in Russian University
Authors:   Penza State University, Lazareva Lana V. , Sarmah Biswajyoti ,   Apex Professional University
Published: December 2023

The introduction notes the increase of educational migration and the relevance of creating the necessary conditions for the successful socio-psychological adaptation of international students in Russia. The theoretical analysis is devoted to identifying modern problems of adaptation of international students in universities in different countries, including Russia. Among the various forms of work with international students, group culturally-sensitive counseling can help actualize the individual’s adaptive resources through immersion in the socio-cultural environment of the country of educational migration. Empirical analysis is based on a description of the results of a comparative study of the dynamics of personal characteristics of international students before and after group culturally-sensitive counseling. The advisory sessions involved 30 Indian first-year students (Penza State University). The analysis of the personal characteristics was carried out by means of the 3 methods: The Freiburg Personality Questionnaire, The Image-associative test “The image of the native country – the image of foreign countries” (S. V. Frolova), “The adaptation of a person to a new sociocultural environment” (L. V. Yankovsky). Reliably significant positive changes in the personality states of the respondents (decrease in the level of neuroticism, spontaneous aggressiveness, depression) were revealed. Conclusion. The analysis shows the effectiveness of group culturally-sensitive counseling in the socio-psychological adaptation of international students, which contributes to their active entry into the new socio-cultural environment of the country of educational migration. There has been an increase in integration among respondents with both Russian and Indian culture.
Problems and ways of comprehensive study of the consequences of combat stress and combat injuries
Authors:   Saratov State University, Malyuchenko Gennady N.
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of theoretical approaches to understanding the intrapsychic mechanisms that generate combat stress and psychotrauma. This article draws the attention of specialists to the psychophysiological and individual-typical factors affecting the occurrence and course of combat PTSD. Theoretical analysis. The stages of research on the consequences of human participation in hostilities conducted over the past century are presented. Scientific views on the role of such innate properties of the nervous system as the strength of nervous processes, their balance and dynamism in the development of combat PTSD are considered. The significance of the type of human temperament in his reactions to specific combat stress is revealed. The role of plasticity of higher nervous activity as a factor of overcoming pathological environmental factors, including its application in the conditions of military events, is also revealed. Conclusion. In conclusion, the analysis of the factors of overcoming combat stress and psychotrauma manifested in the form of physiological and psychological dysfunctions, including individual factors that determine the mental reactions of participants in combat operations, is carried out. Conclusions are drawn about the most effective ways to correct the general functional state of the psyche and neuromuscular apparatus of the combatant.
The Role of Teacher Cooperation in Promoting Learner Autonomy: Perspectives from Focus-group Inservice Teacher Training
Authors: EREN Ömer
Published: December 2023

Learner autonomy in language learning and teaching has been a notable focus of interest, and there is an abundance of literate available on this topic. However, how learner autonomy is practised in the language classroom has not received much attention. To address this gap, the current study set out to investigate English language instructors' classroom practices in public and private universities, and the potential contribution of inservice teacher training (INSET) in promoting learner autonomy through quantitative and qualitative analyses. Findings revealed that there is partial learner autonomy in institutions and the type of university (public or private) did not differ in terms of classroom practices and teaching strategies. Analyses of reflective writing papers also showed that inservice teacher training plays a significant role in promoting learner autonomy in language classes. Perceived impacts, drawbacks, and envisioning the future implementations of INSET programmes are discussed as emerging themes from thematic analyses.
Nêrîneke Giştî Li Nameyên Menzûm Di Edebiyata Kurdî (Kurmancî) Ya Klasîk De
Authors: ARSLAN Mesut
Published: December 2023

Name, ji bo ragihandinê alaveke kevn e. Ji serdemên pêşîn ve mirovan ji hev re name nivîsîne û bi vî şeklî têkilî danîne. Mirov dikare nameyan dabeşî çend cureyan bike lê cureya ku ji bo lêkolînên edebiyata klasîk gava pêşîn dibe mijar nameyên menzûm in. Nameyên menzûm, bi kurtî ew name ne ku bi şêweya helbestê têne nivîsîn. Helbestvanên ku van nameyan dinivîsîn hem meqseda xwe ya ragihandinê pêk tînin hem jî karîn û xurtiya xwe ya edebî di vî warî de jî nîşan didin. Helbestvanên xwedî dîwan wan nameyan jî wekî helbestên xwe yên din di dîwanên xwe de bi cih dikin û bi vî rengî ew hem dibine nimûneyên edebî hem jî dibine belgeyên dîrokî. Di edebiyata Kurdî ya klasîk de jî kevneşopiya nameyên menzûm heye. Helbestvanên Kurdan di vî warî de jî bi zimanê xwe hunera xwe nîşan dane. Bi qasî ku em dizanin heta niha xebatek li ser vê mijarê nehatiye kirin. Bi vê nivîsê em dixwazin destpêkekê bikin, nimûneyên nameyên menzûm ên bi Kurdî nîşan bidin da ku ji bo lêkolînên berfirehtir rê vebe. Loma me xebata xwe bi zaravayê Kurmancî sînordar kir. Di vê mijarê de Dîwana Seyid Eliyê Findikî ji me re bû çavkaniya sereke. Ji ber ku me di Dîwana Findikî de bi Kurmancî yazdeh heb nameyên menzûm tesbît kirin. Li gorî vê di nav helbestvanên Kurmancî yên klasîk de yê ku herî zêde nameyên menzûm nivîsiye Findikî ye. Wekî din Şêx Eskerî, Mela Izedînê Xweşiko û Mela Ehmedê Zinarexî jî bi Kurmancî nameyên menzûm nivîsîne. Me ji helbestên wan jî sûd wergirt û nimûne nîşan dan. Herwiha li gorî nimûneyên berdest me di edebiyata Kurdî ya klasîk de plansaziya giştî ya nameyeke menzûm derxist.
The Reimagining of The Western-Centric Savior Myth as a Superhero: The Use of Masks in The Dark Knight Film
Authors: ÇELİK Kemal
Published: December 2023

Masks have been used throughout human history as objects with significant symbolic value, despite their simple materials such as fabric or wood. Masks have the ability to convey meanings beyond what is visible, allowing the wearer to assume a second identity represented by the mask, which can be independent from their own human identity and even drastically different. In ancient cultures, masks emerged in ritualistic practices in the form of animal figures, serving a similar purpose. In more recent times, mask usage appeared in theater and later in cinema, particularly in genres like horror, where masks are commonly employed. However, the most prevalent use of masks is found in superhero films, where each superhero wears a mask that is attributed with unique powers, symbolizing a certain authority and superiority. This study examines the use of masks as a means of expression, focusing on the superhero film The Dark Knight (2008), using a mixed methodology approach. As evident from the article, the film features three primary masks: Batman's mask representing global power and authority employed by capitalism, Joker's mask representing chaos and anarchy, and Dent's mask symbolizing the ordinary human. While the first two mask uses are elevated in the film's language, the utilization of the mask representing the human face is portrayed as insignificant. Consequently, the film implies that to be accepted as a savior, one must transcend their humanity and assume a transhuman form.
Synthesis and application of modified membranes for efficient cationic and anionic dye elimination
Authors: Hafifi Meriem Mansour , Chougui Abdelkader , Chemrak Mohammed Amin , Belouatek Aissa
Published: December 2023

This study focuses on developing ceramic ultrafiltration membranes using locally sourced kaolin clay and feldspar. An active layer composed of graphene and alkoxide is added to enhance the performance of these clay supports. This layer is thin, porous, and can vary in thickness. The support and filter layer's porous properties are characterized using SEM, DRX, ATG/ATD, XPS, and FTIR techniques. Filtration tests are conducted on modified porous tubular supports using cationic and anionic dye solutions. The filtration is performed tangentially at a pressure of 3.5 bar and a processing time of 120 minutes. The retention rates of the colored solutions are measured using a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The results show a 100% retention rate for supranol yellow and orange II at a concentration of 10-4 M, while for crystal violet and malachite green, the retention rates are 92.03% and 95.30%, respectively.