bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-Blackness as Disavowal and Condition
Authors: Lamb Melayna , Trafford Tia
Published: May 2024

Recent calls to “defund the police” have seen a plethora of movements decry state funds allocated to the police and ask that those funds be placed elsewhere. In this article, we return to Michel Foucault to analyze how calls for rebalancing budgets away from the police force and towards social projects both rely on political categories established in Foucault's work and encapsulates an aporia that emerges through them. Locating shifts towards the carceral in the context of European modernity, Foucault suggests that policing moves away from the spectacular torture and punishment of sovereign and state and towards technologies of power that proliferate across the social body. Here, we suggest that in this movement between sovereignty and power emerges a central tension that Foucault is incapable of resolving—between an exteriorized sovereignty (death) that necessarily appears at the extreme limits of power (life)—which threatens to destabilize the domain of power altogether. Race—as it appears in the European frame and reaching a zenith in Nazi Germany—encapsulates Foucault’s attempted mitigation. If anything, this exacerbates the problem by rendering the terms of inclusion in the domain of power (of making life live) incoherent. To see why, we go on to show how freedom from racial slavery—as space of incapacity—is the conduit through which entry is possible into the differentiated power that supposedly limits the social. But as such, the slave precisely indexes the aporia for Foucault that cannot be sutured. The implications of this can be seen in the calls to defund the police insofar as it implicitly repeats Foucault’s shift from police to social power.
African Immigrant Traders, Food Security, and Xenophobia in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Bamidele Seun
Published: May 2024

The role of African immigrant informal traders in enabling food security for families throughout Africa has been explored in the literature. However, little has been published on the relationship between African immigrant traders, food security, and xenophobia in the City of Johannesburg, South Africa. A lack of information combined with negative attitudes among researchers and policymakers has led many to undervalue African immigrant informal traders, often dismissed as peripheral to the food economy and food security in Johannesburg. Therefore, in this article, I analyse the role of African immigrant informal traders in making food accessible and affordable for customers despite constant harassment arising from xenophobia.
The Impact of Social Marketing and Brand Relationships on Purchase Behavior
Authors: Gökgöz İdil , Gökerik Mehmet
Published: May 2024

Social marketing is perceived as an approach that transcends traditional marketing strategies to enhance social welfare and improve individuals’ quality of life. Brand relationships, on the other hand, denote the emotional and psychological connections that develop between consumers and brands. This research examines the effects of social marketing activities and brand relationships on consumer purchasing behavior. The goal is to reveal the impact of social marketing understanding and brand relationships in businesses on consumer purchasing behavior. The methodology involved a comprehensive literature review and data collection from 475 participants residing in Ankara. The data collection process consisted of scales with various questions regarding social marketing campaigns and brand relationships. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21 and AMOS 20 statistical package programs. Findings indicate that social marketing efforts and strong brand relationships positively influence consumer purchasing decisions. Consumers, especially in the context of social marketing, form deeper connections with businesses that showcase social responsibility projects and eco-friendly products, enhancing brand loyalty, brand image, and purchasing tendencies.
THE USE OF SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY TO ENHANCE THE ADEQUACY OF MASS SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS RESULTS OF URANIUM MICRO-PARTICLES
Authors: Комаров Ю.А. , Стебельков В.А.
Published: May 2024

В рамках международного эксперимента исследован образец с микрочастицами двух разных урановых материалов, отличающихся изотопным составом урана. Масс-спектрометрический анализ 25 частиц этого образца выявил, что изотопный состав урана в пределах погрешности измерений соответствовал изотопному составу урана одного материала в шести частицах, а изотопному составу урана второго материала – в трёх. Измеренный изотопный состав урана в 16 частицах не соответствовал ни одному из материалов. Показано, что предварительное исследование урановых микрочастиц с помощью растрового электронного микроскопа позволяет определить те из них, которые несут информацию об изотопном составе урана исходных материалов.
Exploration des usages de ChatGPT par les communicants publics au Maroc : entre perspectives et enjeux éthiques
Authors: JMOULA Lamyae
Published: May 2024

Cette contribution vise à examiner l'état actuel des connaissances sur l'utilisation de ChatGPT dans les métiers de la communication, en mettant en évidence les limites potentielles et les enjeux éthiques associés à cet outil. En parallèle, elle présente les résultats d'une enquête par questionnaire menée auprès de communicants issus d'organismes publics marocains, afin d'évaluer la perception et l'usage de ChatGPT. Dans un premier temps, en se basant sur la littérature dédiée à ChatGPT, nous explorons ses potentialités dans le domaine de la communication. Ensuite, nous exposons les résultats de notre enquête pour comprendre comment les professionnels de la communication envisagent les usages de cet outil et perçoivent ses risques, en mettant en évidence ses limites. La discussion ultérieure permettra d'apporter des nuances et de proposer des pistes pour une utilisation responsable de cet outil.
Les ressorts matériels des positionnements éthiques des professionnels des souvenirs numériques
Authors: Rouge Rémi
Published: May 2024

À partir d’une série d’entretiens et d’un corpus de documents, l’article analyse la manière dont les professionnels qui produisent et promeuvent des souvenirs numériques mobilisent des discours éthiques pour défendre leurs produits à travers deux exemples : d’une part, celui de la construction des algorithmes qui sélectionnent les souvenirs et, d’autre part, celui de l’incitation au partage des souvenirs. Ces deux exemples permettent de mettre en évidence les ressorts matériels des positionnements éthiques adoptés par les professionnels des souvenirs numériques, qui fonctionnent comme des arguments de justification a posteriori. L’article se conclut en inscrivant ce travail symbolique de requalification de contraintes matérielles en positions éthiques dans les stratégies d’« ethics-washing » (Green, 2021) des industries de la tech.
L’édition scientifique en France : de la censure à l’ouverture : révolutions politiques, commerciales, technologiques… et autres problèmes éthiques
Authors: VERLAET Lise
Published: May 2024

A travers une analyse systémique de l’édition scientifique en France – et plus particulièrement via une étude des contextes historiques, socio-économiques et politique – cet article soulève les problématiques éthiques qui ont jalonné la construction de l’écosystème scientifique et l’exploitation des produits de la recherche, et livre une réflexion sur les défis éthiques liés à la mise en place depuis 2018 de la politique de la Science Ouverte mais aussi des conséquences directes que cela va avoir sur les pratiques des chercheurs.
Probing the Intramolecular Folding of Nucleic Acids with Native Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry: Strategies and Caveats
Authors: Benabou Sanae , de Juan Anna , Gabelica Valérie
Published: May 2024

The goal of native mass spectrometry is to obtain information on non-covalent interactions in solution through mass spectrometry measurements in the gas phase. Characterizing intramolecular folding re-quires using structural probing techniques such as ion mobility spectrometry. However, inferring solu-tion structures of nucleic acids is difficult because the low-charge state ions produced from aqueous solutions at physiological ionic strength get compacted during electrospray. Here we explored whether native supercharging could produce higher charge states that would better reflect solution folding, and whether the voltage required for collision-induced unfolding (CIU) could reflect preserved intramolec-ular hydrogen bonds. We studied pH-responsive i-motif structures, with or without a hairpin in the loop, and unstructured controls. We also implemented a multivariate curve resolution procedure to extract physically meaningful pure components from the CIU data and reconstruct unfolding curves. We found that the relative unfolding voltages reflect preserved intramolecular hydrogen bonds, espe-cially at higher charge states. However, we uncovered several caveats in data interpretation: (1) un-structured controls also undergo unfolding, and the base composition influences the unfolding voltage, (2) changing the solution pH also unexpectedly changed the unfolding voltage, and (3) the ion mobility patterns become more complicated when two structures are present simultaneously, such as an i-motif and a harpin, because of opposite effects on the collision cross section upon activation. Reaching phos-phate charging densities over 0.25 makes it easier to discriminate between structures, and the use of native supercharging agents is thus essential. In short, we investigated in detail the potential and limi-tations of native ion mobility to deduce solution folding of nucleic acids structures.
Coupling online size exclusion chromatography with charge detection-mass spectrometry using Hadamard transform multiplexing
Authors: Sanders James , Owen October , Tran Brian , Mosqueira Jeffrey , Marty Michael
Published: May 2024

Charge detection mass spectrometry (CD-MS) is a powerful technique for the analysis of large, heterogeneous biomolecules. By directly measuring the charge states of individual ions, CD-MS can measure the masses from spectra where conventional deconvolution approaches fail due to the lack of isotopic resolution or distinguishable charge states. However, CD-MS is inherently slow because hundreds or thousands of spectra need to be collected to produce adequate ion statistics. The slower speed of CD-MS complicates efforts to couple it with online separation techniques, which limit the number of spectra that can be acquired during a chromatographic peak. Here, we present the application of Hadamard transform multiplexing to online size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with Orbitrap CD-MS. We developed a microcontroller to deliver pulsed injections from a large sample loop onto a SEC for online CD-MS analysis. Data showed a series of peaks spaced according to the pseudo-random injection sequence, which were demultiplexed with a Hadamard transform algorithm. The demultiplexed data revealed improved CD-MS signals while preserving retention time information. This multiplexing approach provides a general solution to the inherent incompatibilities of online separations and CD-MS detection that will enable a range of applications.
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enhanced Multiple Quantum Spin Counting of Molecular Assemblies in Vitrified Solutions
Authors: Potnuru Lokeswara Rao , Nowotarski Mesopotamia , Straub Joshua , Chaklashiya Raj , Shimasaki Toshihiko , Pahari Bholanath , Coffaro Hunter , Jain Sheetal , Han Songi
Published: May 2024

Crystallization pathways are essential to various industrial, geological, and biolog- ical processes. In nonclassical nucleation theory, prenucleation clusters (PNCs) form, aggregate and crystallize to produce higher order assemblies. Microscopy and X-Ray techniques have limited utility for PNC analysis due to small size (0.5 - 3 nm) and time stability constraints. We present a new approach for analyzing PNC formation based on 31P NMR spin counting of vitrified molecular assemblies. The use of glassing agents en- sures that vitrification generates amorphous aqueous samples, and offers conditions to perform dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) amplified NMR spectroscopy. We demon- strate that molecular adenosine triphosphate, along with crystalline, amorphous, and clustered calcium phosphate materials formed via a non-classical growth pathway can be differentiated from one another by the number of dipolar coupled 31P spins. We also present an innovative approach to examine spin counting data, demonstrating that a knowledge based fitting of integer multiples of cosine wave functions, instead of the traditional Fourier transform, provides a more physically meaningful retrieval of the ex- isting frequencies. This is the first report of multi-quantum spin counting of assemblies formed in solution as captured under vitrified DNP conditions, which can be useful for future analysis of PNCs and other aqueous molecular clusters.
Enhancing power system observability: For simultaneous placement of PMUs and PFMs with contingency considerations
Authors: Jayanti Sarker , Krishna Sarker , Swapan Kumar Goswami
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a novel approach for the optimal placement of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) and Power Flow Measurement (PFM) devices is presented to ensure continuous observability of the power system network. The method incorporates the impact of contingency, specifically addressing the potential loss of a single PMU, in the optimal allocation strategy, thus ensuring full observability even under adverse conditions. To further optimize the deployment of monitoring devices, the concept of a zero-injection bus is introduced into the proposed technique, resulting in a reduced number of required PMUs and PFMs. Leveraging the Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (COA), a heuristic technique is employed for the optimal location of these monitoring devices. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method are validated through extensive testing on a 7-bus test system, IEEE-14, 57, and 118 bus test systems, as well as a real-world system. Comparative analysis with existing literature substantiates the superior performance of this approach.
Advancing sustainability and comfort through smart sensors and IoT: A comprehensive analysis of automatic light control systems in residential and commercial environments
Authors: Sayan Mondal , Debjit Mukherjee , Darothee Deyashi , Krishna Sarker
Published: May 2024

Automatic light control systems have garnered significant attention for their potential to enhance energy efficiency and user convenience across various settings. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of these systems, elucidating their principles, components, applications, and associated benefits. The primary objective of automatic light control systems is to intelligently regulate lighting levels based on environmental factors such as occupancy, ambient light, and time of day. Various sensors, including Passive Infrared (PIR), ultrasonic, and photoresistors, are commonly employed to detect changes in the surroundings and trigger appropriate lighting adjustments. Advanced control algorithms and communication protocols facilitate seamless integration with building automation systems, enabling centralized management and optimization of lighting across diverse zones. Moreover, the advent of smart lighting solutions leveraging Internet of Things (IoT) platforms enables remote monitoring and control, empowering users to personalize lighting preferences and further optimize energy consumption. The paper critically reviews the key features, benefits, and challenges associated with automatic light control systems, underscoring their pivotal role in promoting sustainability, comfort, and cost-effectiveness in both residential and commercial environments. Additionally, the paper discusses future research directions, highlighting opportunities for innovation in sensor technology, data analytics, and human-centric lighting design to propel the capabilities and adoption of these systems.
Utilization of LED illumination coupled with UV-C irradiation to improve the
post-harvest quality of radish microgreens
Authors: S.E. Rozali , N. Sivaguru
Published: May 2024

Microgreens are an emerging class of fresh vegetables that have been recognized as health
-promoting foods due to their high phytonutrients and bioactive compounds. However, the
major limitation to the growth of the microgreens industry is rapid quality deterioration
upon harvest. Several studies have demonstrated that UV-C treatment may be an effective
tool to extend the shelf life of fresh vegetables. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the
effects of different LED illumination and UV-C irradiation treatments on postharvest
quality and phytochemical accumulation in the microgreens. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
microgreens were used in this study. The microgreens were cultivated under white and
red:blue LED illumination. The harvested microgreens were subjected to UV-C irradiation
(254 nm) at four different durations (5, 10, 15 and 20 mins) prior stored at 4°C for 12
days. The results showed that the red:blue LED illumination significantly improved the
total biomass and chlorophyll content in microgreens. The width of cotyledonary leaves is
also longer compared to the microgreens grown under white LED. The total flavonoid
content was found higher in microgreens grown under red:blue illumination. The present
study also demonstrated that the different durations of UV-C post-harvest treatment
significantly influenced the post-harvest quality of microgreens. The harvested
microgreens treated with 10 mins of UV-C irradiation have the highest fresh weight, and
total chlorophyll and carotenoid content after 12 days of harvest. The long duration of UV
-C treatment at 20 mins has caused severe deterioration as it showed the highest
percentage of weight loss in the harvested microgreens. The preliminary results postulated
that the cultivation of microgreens under red:blue LED illumination coupled with
postharvest UV-C treatment potentially improves the post-harvest quality of radish
microgreens.
SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MATOA (POMETIA PINNATA J.R. FORST & G. FORST) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI SALMONELLA THYPI
Authors: Gultom Syarifah Elena , Mambang D. Elysa Putri , Nasution Haris Munandar , Rahayu Yayuk Putri
Published: May 2024

Matoa memiliki sejarah panjang dalam penggunaan obat tradisional (Pometia pinnata J.R. Forst & G. Forst). Antioksidan termasuk vitamin C dan E, serta flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin dapat ditemukan dalam jumlah yang melimpah pada buah matoa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat antibakteri dari ekstrak etanol serbuk simplisia daun matoa dan metabolit sekundernya terhadap Salmonella thypi. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah ekstrak etanol daun matoa (Pometia pinnata J.R. Forst & G. Forst). Pengujian dilakukan pada ekstrak 50%, 30%, dan 30%. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun matoa ditentukan dari kemampuannya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Salmonella typhi. Pelarut etanol digunakan untuk menguapkan ekstrak kental yang diperoleh dari hasil maserasi daun matoa. Ekstrak daun matoa diencerkan dengan DMSO 30%, 40%, dan 50%. Pengenceran tersebut akan menentukan seberapa baik ketahanan Salmonella typhi terhadap antibiotik. Metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, tanin, alkaloid, saponin, dan steroid dianalisis pada ekstrak etanol daun matoa dan simplisia. Salmonella thypi dihambat dengan rata-rata 12,6 mm pada konsentrasi 30% (Interpretasi menengah), 13,8 mm pada konsentrasi 40%, dan 15,3 mm pada konsentrasi 50% dengan menggunakan ekstrak etanol daun matoa. Aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak etanol daun matoa ditunjukkan dengan zona hambat dengan diameter rata-rata daerah hambat yang sesuai dengan interpretasi Intermediate (I).
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI dan UJI BIOAUTOGRAFI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SELEDRI (Apium graveolens L.) terhadap BAKTERI Acinetobacter baumannii dan Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Nurwaini Setyo NURWAINI , Zahratunisa Namira , Maryati Maryati
Published: May 2024

Daun seledri adalah tanaman yang dipercaya masyarakat mempunyai banyak manfaat, salah satunya sebagai antibakteri untuk infeksi kulit. Acinetobacter baumannii dan Staphylococcus epidermidis merupakan bakteri penyebab infeksi kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri daun seledri (Apium graveolens L.) terhadap Acinetobacter baumannii dan Staphylococcus epidermidis serta mengetahui senyawa yang bertanggungjawab sebagai antibakteri. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode dilusi cair. Nilai KHM pada penelitian ini belum diketahui, sementara nilai KBM keduanya ada pada konsentrasi 500 mg/mL. Uji KLT (Kromatografi Lapis Tipis) untuk menentukan senyawa yang terdapat pada ekstrak. Daun seledri positif mengandung fenol, flavonoid, terpenoid, dan alkaloid. Hasil uji bioautografi menunjukkan bahwa senyawa yang bertanggungjawab terhadap aktivitas antibakteri pada Staphylococuss epidermidis adalah flavonoid, sedangkan senyawa yang bertanggungjawab terhadap aktivitas antibakteri pada Acinetobacter baumannii belum diketahui.
What Determines Household’s Financial Behavior? A Case of Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Habibah U. , Bhayo M. U.R.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this paper is to answer, what determines financial behavior of Pakistani Households? Considering the interpretivism as epistemological considerations, subjectivism as ontological considerations, and induction as research approach, this study employs the qualitative research methods. 38 semi structured interviews are conducted. The results suggest that financial planning of households in Pakistan is determined by demographic and macroeconomic factors. Intentions, society and culture influence household spending, and the special purpose and availability of savings determine their savings behavior. The literature is inconclusive regarding the determinants of household financial behavior, primarily because of differences in culture. This emphasizes the importance of separately studying household financial behavior in settings of Pakistan. The originality lies in exploring the factors in determining Pakistani households’ financial behavior.
Interactionism and Social Harmonization in Wonomulyo as the Multiethnic City
Authors: Masdar Muhammad , Harifuddin Harifuddin , Iskandar Abdul Malik , Azus Faidah , Usman Ahmad
Published: May 2024

This study aims to (1) analyze the meaning of symbolic interactionism in multiethnic community members in the Wonomulyo District and (2) describe the sociometric form of symbolic interactionism in multiethnic communities in the Wonomulyo District. This research is qualitative research using a sequential exploratory design, namely qualitative-quantitative. Collecting data using in-depth interview techniques, observation, and literature study. Data analysis used a three-step technique: reduction, categorization, and conclusion. The results are (1) the interactionism in multiethnic society is built on openness, friendship, and kinship, and everyone likes this attitude so that social harmony is built; (2) The sociometric form of symbolic interactionism in Wonomulyo as a multiethnic city that Javanese as the dominant culture, namely open attitude, friendship, and kinship created social harmonization. The conclusion is that dominant culture plays a role in shaping societal tendencies, such as the harmonious Javanese culture, which is conditioning the culture of the Wonomulyo people always to be harmonious.
Cultural Barrier in the Regeneration Process of Islamic Political Party in Indonesia
Authors: Nastain Muhamad , Abdullah Irwan , Qodir Zuly , Jubba Hasse , Cipto Bambang
Published: May 2024

This research aims to describe the cultural barriers of the National Awakening Party (Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa or PKB) in promoting its members as candidates in direct presidential and vice-presidential elections. In the four general elections from 2004 to 2019, PKB failed to place its members as candidates. This condition is presumed to be due to cultural barriers embedded within the party’s internal dynamics and the cadre system. The research method employed in this study combined qualitative descriptive approaches by integrating literature studies with Focus Group Discussions (FGD) involving seven (7) competent informants comprising three media editors, two academics, one activist, and one politician. The data obtained from the FGD is the primary guide to trace document data. The data presentation involves triangulation of FGD data, document data, and field observation results. The data findings revealed three main pieces of evidence for cultural barriers: first, egocentrism of leaders and personal dependence, which refers to the positions of Kyai and Islamic Boarding Schools (pesantren) in the PKB cadre system; second, obedience that erases critical thinking, and third, the presence of the “green blood” identity, which holds privileges in the PKB’s cadre ship system. These three cultural barriers are not unique to PKB but are shared by most Islamic political parties in Indonesia.
Dating Practices: A Moral Negotiation in Pesantren
Authors: Basri Basri , Nasir Mohd. , Fiqiyah Maskanatul , Rizal Syamsul , Zainuddin Zainuddin
Published: May 2024

The main aim of this article was to see the public space of Pesantren as an arena for negotiating Islamic moral ideas and modernity. The practice of dating in Islamic literature is linked to immoral action because it is contrary to Islamic teachings that prohibit relationships outside marriage. It has become an important part of Islamic moral education. Dating in Pesantren is prohibited, and it is a relationship outside marriage. However, there are still many students who develop romantic relationships with members of the opposite sex in the public spaces of Pesantren. Through ethnographic studies, researchers observed Santriwati’s dating practices and interviewed them to determine the moral basis for these actions. Based on these observations at the Pesantren Madrasah Ulumul Qur’an (MUQ) Langsa, the practice of dating was carried out by santriwati by hiding behind buildings and rooms in the Islamic boarding school. This secretive and tactical action was carried out not to confront the rules made by the ustadz but as part of a negotiation between obeying the rules and the choice to continue dating. The researcher concluded that, even though the Islamic boarding school public space is filled with moral values produced by kyai and ustadz, the students still can carry out actions outside the Islamic boarding school's ideas of morality.
Tolerance Development Model for Students of Dayah Salafiyah in Aceh
Authors: Suyanta Sri , Saifuddin Saifuddin , Bahri Syamsul
Published: May 2024

This study delved into the model of tolerance among Acehnese Dayah Salafiyah students, aiming to bridge the gap in understanding their perceived tolerance amidst societal stigmas. Data from two Dayah Salafiyah, Dayah Darussalam Labuhan Haji, and Dayah Ummul Ayman Samalanga, were gathered through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and document studies. Data analysis including data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. This analysis was conducted continuously throughout the research, from data collection to conclusion. Findings indicated a tendency towards passive tolerance among students, which aligned with Islamic principles of tasamuh and was integrated into their education. Despite negative perceptions, students exhibited principles of equality, harmony, and respect for diversity, challenging accusations of intolerance. However, shortcomings existed in exploring contemporary tolerance issues, especially in teacher involvement and understanding beginner-level students. Encouraging the implementation of existing tolerance is vital for Dayah’s internal and external stakeholders. These findings deepened the understanding of tolerance models in Aceh’s Dayah Salafiyahs, warranting consideration by researchers in future studies. Additionally, the authors recommend that other researchers consider the results of this study as a reference for their research or surveys, emphasizing the need for developing tolerance indices tailored to the unique characteristics of each region to demonstrate tolerance towards others.
The State Intervention in the Islamic Education in Aceh: Threats or Opportunities?
Authors: Mujiburrahman Mujiburrahman , Zulfikar Teuku , Ahmad Shukri , Melayu Hasnul Arifin , Jasafat Jasafat
Published: May 2024

The enactment of the Aceh Governance Law (UUPA) allows the state’s intervention to the nature of Islamic boarding schools in Aceh, which is originally connected to Aceh’s socio-cultural system into the formality of the State’s administrative structure. This article utilized a triangulation methodology, which involved the integration of document analysis, observation, and in-depth interviews. The study generated data from participants located within the dayah, including 2 teungku chik (leadership), 2 teachers, and 5 students; and participants located outside the dayah, including 2 academics, 2 social figures, and a director of Department of Dayah Education. The findings of our study indicated that the institutional frameworks of dayah had undergone modernization, with significant improvements in infrastructure, integration of curricula, enhancement of human resources (teungku-teacher and santri-student), and expansion of collaborations and networks. This modification granted the dayah of Aceh a more favorable standing within the Acehnese social hierarchy. This study highlighted that dayah institutions retained their cultural foundation as centers of Islamic instruction despite the changes they experienced. Instead, the incorporation of State action has led to the establishment of institutional and intellectual prosperity; it appeared that state intervention was more of an opportunity than a threat.
Social Psychological Explorations of Caste: Unravelling Challenges and Discovering Opportunities
Authors: Fatima Iram , Zafar Maria , Thangal M. Rejoyson
Published: May 2024

Despite our expectations that technological advancements, globalization, and the ensuing modernity and equality would strip away the relevance of caste hierarchies, caste remains a significant aspect that drives Indians’ social experiences. Casteist attitudes and behaviours persist despite the implementation of affirmative action policies, and social norms discouraging casteism. Psychology must understand the persistence of caste in a globalized and technology-mediated world like ours today. However, the invocation of psychology to explicate caste issues is not straightforward. While psychology has much to offer for the study of caste and casteism, it is vital to remember that psychology has been, at times, complicit in maintaining inequality and oppression in society. Significant methodological challenges exist in the discipline, and a psychology researcher must confront them while addressing caste. In this article, we discuss some of these challenges. We argue that researchers need to be aware of the crises prevalent in psychology and look for ways to turn them into opportunities to improve psychological research on caste. We also encourage researchers studying caste to ensure the compatibility of psychological theories and methods to the Indian context. We recommend that researchers make a moral commitment to address the agency of the oppressed caste groups in challenging the status quo. We also shed light on some specific malpractices within the methodological domain that researchers studying caste may fall into and suggest ways to prevent them. We believe these challenges provide opportunities to expand the horizons of psychology and social scientific research on caste.
Caste and Colourism: Analysing Social Meanings of Skin Colour in Dalit and Savarna Discourses
Authors: Jidugu Kavya Harshitha
Published: May 2024

We know little about how skin colour is used to discriminate and dehumanise Dalits in everyday language. Thus, the construction of fairness and darkness of skin colour in savarna perception and the qualities attributed need to be under-stood through the lens of caste identities. Drawing on an ethnographic study in Nallapadu Palle Scheduled Caste Colony in Andhra Pradesh, this article aims to understand how various qualities are attributed to the skin and colour of Dalits and savarnas using Qualia, linguistic registers and indexicalities. The Telugu linguistic forms “Nalupu” (Dark) and “Telupu” (Fair), when used in registers, are analysed to understand the qualities indexed with these forms. It is essential to examine the process of caste manifestation in language through colour, which indexes several qualities through a specific linguistic form, varying its social meaning when attributed to a savarna and a Dalit. The study found that the social meanings of Nalupu and Telupu used in everyday conversations differed for savarnas and Dalits. When spoken in the context of Dalits in Palle, it indexed qualities to discriminate and re-establish caste. It is argued that these attributes lead to the creation of caste hierarchies. The article calls for examining the connection between colourism and caste discrimination further.
Design of a Compact Log Periodic Dipole Array Antenna for Broadband and High-Power Beam Synthesis Using Superposition
Authors: Im Changhyeon , Youn Sangwoon , Lim Tae Heung , Choo Hosung
Published: May 2024

This paper investigates various array beam shapes for high-power electronic warfare applications using an actual broadband array antenna. For use in a limited mounting space, a compact printed log periodic dipole array (LPDA) operating over a wide bandwidth is designed. The LPDA is then extended to an 8 × 1 array, with active element patterns (AEPs) obtained through simulation and measurement. Beam synthesis is performed by the superposition of several array patterns, which involves adjusting the weight of each AEP. To derive a synthesized array beam shape that is similar to the guided mask, the Taylor window weighting method is applied to each array pattern. Finally, beam synthesis for the flat-top beam, cosecant-squared beam, and iso-flux beam is performed using Taylor window-weighted AEPs, and the results are compared with those of beam shapes using ideal isotropic patterns. The results demonstrate that various beam shapes can be achieved for high-power electronic warfare applications using the AEPs of an actual array antenna.
Broadband Transmit/Receive Switch for 3T and 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Abuelhaija Ashraf , Saleh Gameel , Salama Sanaa , Hamdan Mohammed
Published: May 2024

This article presents a transmit/receive switch that utilizes a broadband microstripline hybrid coupler. The proposed switch is suitable for application in both 3T and 7T magnetic resonance imaging. It operates within three frequency ranges, covering well-known X-atomic nuclei, such as 1H, 13C, 19F, 23Na, and 31P, at both 3T and 7T magnetic field strengths. For the 7T application, the switch simultaneously covers the corresponding X-atomic nuclei frequencies within two bands. However, for the 3T application, tuning is required to cover the corresponding X-atomic nuclei frequencies, particularly those below 60 MHz. The microstripline trace widths of the proposed switch were designed to prevent excessive temperature increases when exposed to 1 kW power of radio frequency pulses. The characteristics of the switch were obtained using the Momentum tool—an electromagnetic simulator supported by ADS software. The proposed switch was fabricated, with its measurement verification results demonstrating favorable return loss (>10 dB), high isolation (>40 dB), and low insertion loss (<0.8 dB) at all operating frequencies.
Mechanism and Method for Residual Flux Detection of Transformer Cores Based on Different Polarities Response Currents
Authors: Huo Cailing , Yang Yiming , Ni Fuyin , Xie Qiang
Published: May 2024

This paper proposes a residual flux detection method based on the different polarities of response currents. When a positive–negative alternating DC voltage is loaded, the direction of the residual flux can be determined by the difference between the various polarities of the response current waveforms. As a result, residual flux value can be calculated using the empirical formula that relates residual flux to the responce current. In this formula, unknown parameters can be obtained using the field-circuit coupling method. Finally, this paper employs a closed iron core as an example to obtain the corresponding formula and then verifies its accuracy through experiments. The results show that the accuracy of the proposed method is less than 5%, which is higher than that of other existing methods. The method presented in this paper not only accurately detects the residual flux of a transformer but also requires no additional energy from the transformer.
Novel Design of a Bandwidth Enhanced and Frequency Reconfigurable, Wearable Antenna for Body Centric Communication
Authors: Kumar Devendra , Mathur Dhirendra
Published: May 2024

This paper proposes a novel design for a frequency reconfigurable and bandwidth-enhanced antenna for use in biomedical telemetry applications. Data pertaining to a patient’s body parameters, such as blood pressure, pulse, and temperature, are gathered using sensors and then transmitted to a remote place for monitoring. The proposed antenna is connected to a wearable transmitter, which transfers the body parameter data to a centrally located nearby control unit. The antenna operates in the 5.8 GHz band in single-band mode and in the 4.27 GHz (C band) and 5.8 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands in dual-band mode. The use of ethylene-vinyl acetate foam as a substrate makes the structure waterproof and ultraviolet resistant. The basic antenna structure equipped with proximity coupling offers a front-to-back ratio (FBR) of 17.62 dB and a bandwidth of 122 MHz. With an additional upper patch and resonant slots, bandwidth enhancement of 82.85% and 11.57% improvement in the FBR are achieved, respectively. Overall, a maximum FBR of 19.66 dB and gain of 5.0 dBi are attained over the resonant frequency. The specific absorption rate is found to be 0.145 W/kg for 10 gram of tissue.
Circularly Polarized Series Array and MIMO Application for Sub-Millimeter Wave/Terahertz Band
Authors: Nguyen Thinh Tien , Kim Dong Ho , Choi Jung Han , Jung Chang Won
Published: May 2024

This article presents a compact, planar, and circularly polarized array antenna operating in the W-band (84.5–110 GHz), with all its prototypes fabricated using a low-cost, traditional, microwave printed circuit board composed of Rogers RT/duroid 5880 (εr = 2.2, tanδ = 0.009). The final design that was fabricated and measured was a 4 × 4 array antenna having an overall size of 9 mm × 20 mm × 0.254 mm that used series feeding to reduce its sidelobes. Measurements of the 4 × 4 patch antenna array showed approximately 6.9% 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth along with 15.2 dBi maximum right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) antenna gain at 100 GHz. The array antenna yielded RHCP radiation characterized by a low profile, low cross-polarization levels (<−25 dB), low sidelobe levels (≤−10 dB), and high radiation efficiency (>91%). Additionally, a two-port MIMO antenna system was investigated by considering side-by-side and front-tofront configurations, both of which achieved good isolation and considerable envelope correlation coefficient and diversity gain values. Therefore, the proposed series array and MIMO antennas can be reasonable candidates for 6G applications of the sub-THz band (100– 110 GHz) in ultra-high-speed wireless and satellite communication systems.
Design of Magnetic Coupling Mechanism with Different Primary and Secondary Coils for Maximum Output Power
Authors: Dai Zhongyu , Peng Wenxi , Tang Yake , Xu Haoran , Wang Huihui , Zhai Yanhu , Xue Ming , Zhang Xian
Published: May 2024

Output power is an important performance metric related to static or quasi-static wireless power transfer (WPT). As an important component of WPT, the electrical parameters of a magnetic coupling mechanism (MCM) are directly related to its output characteristics. Notably, an optimal WPT design is largely based on MCMs using the same primary and secondary coils. However, in some scenarios involving limited space, the physical structure and electrical parameters of the coils cannot be kept completely consistent. Based on the influence of physical parameters on coupling performance and system characteristics, an optimal design method for MCMs using different primary and secondary coils to ensure maximum output power is proposed. The best receiving coil within a limited space that achieves maximum power at a specific location was selected. Experiments were conducted, with the corresponding results verifying the correctness of theoretical and simulation analyses, as well as the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Performance Evaluation of Spaceborne Bistatic SAR Systems
Authors: Kim Suk-Jin , Maeng Seong Joo , Lim Jung-Hwan , Lee Jae Wook , Lee Taek-Kyung , Lee Woo Kyung
Published: May 2024

In this paper, the performances of spaceborne bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems are evaluated and compared with those of the conventional monostatic SAR system. Drawing on information on the altitude of satellites and the pulse repetition frequency of the system, the distance between the satellites carrying the transmitter and the receiver is first determined to then obtain the maximum observable width by overlapping the blind ranges. The performances of the bistatic SAR for two satellites at the same altitude moving parallel to each other at the same speed are evaluated, and the results are compared with those obtained from a monostatic SAR system located at left or right end of the baseline. The resolutions, noise equivalent sigma zero, and ambiguities of the bistatic SAR are evaluated based on the windows between blind incident angles of a timing diagram. Subsequently, the most ap-propriate window is determined by comparing the evaluated performances of the bistatic SAR.
Adapting response to a measles outbreak in a context of high vaccination and breakthrough cases: an example from Vaud, Switzerland, January to March 2024
Authors: Cassini Alessandro , Cobuccio Ludovico , Glampedakis Emmanouil , Cherpillod Pascal , Crisinel Pierre Alex , Pérez-Rodríguez Francisco-Javier , Attinger Monica , Bachelin Dominique , Tessemo Marie Nahimana , Maeusezahl Mirjam , Gardiol Céline , Boubaker Karim
Published: May 2024

A measles outbreak with 51 cases occurred in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, between January and March 2024. The outbreak was triggered by an imported case, and 37 (72.5%) subsequent cases were previously vaccinated individuals. Epidemiological investigations showed that vaccinated measles cases were symptomatic and infectious. In a highly vaccinated population, it is important to raise awareness among healthcare professionals to suspect and test for measles virus when an outbreak is declared, irrespective of the vaccination status of the patients.
Türkiye’de Startup Girişimlerine Bakış: Çanakkale İlinde Bir Vaka Analizi
Authors: Özdemir Serkan , Arslan Serdar , Özdemir Fulya
Published: May 2024

Startuplar hem işletme biliminde hem de mevcut girişimcilik eğilimlerinde giderek önem kazanan bir kavram olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Dinamik ve yenilikçi süreçlerden oluşan startup girişimleri, girişimcilik ekosistemine katkı açısından daha fazla incelenmelidir. Bu bağlamda hem teorik çerçevelerden yararlanan hem de araştırma metodolojisi ile keşifsel bir nitelik taşıyan bu araştırma, genellenebilir bulgular ortaya koymayı, startuplara yönelik gelecek araştırmalara ışık tutmayı ve ülkemizdeki startupları destekleyici faaliyetlere yön vermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Robogil markasına yönelik sahada gözlemler gerçekleştirilmiş ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları aracılığı ile işletmenin girişimcisi ve yöneticilerinden derinlemesine mülakatlar gerçekleştirilerek veri toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler startuplara yönelik literatür çerçevesi bağlamında kategorize edilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma sorularının cevapları söz konusu startupın güçlü yönleri, zayıf yönleri, fırsat ve tehditlerinden oluşan temalar çerçevesinde kategorize edilmiş ve bu kapsamda 19 alt temaya ulaşılmıştır. Alt temalar sonuç kısmında literatür kapsamında tartışılmaktadır.
STUDI EKSPERIMEN PENENTUAN RISIKO AUDIT DENGAN MEMPERTIMBANGKAN MATERIALITAS DAN ROTASI AUDIT
Authors: Wardani Rr. Puruwita , Wibowo Vivian Angelina Soegiharto , Sabatini Ester
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen yang menilai risiko audit dengan mempertimbangkan salah saji dan rotasi auditor. Berdasarkan Theory of planned behavior, auditor dalam menentukan suatu risiko audit dipengaruhi oleh sikap, kode etik, serta aturan. Tinggi rendahnya risiko audit berhubungan dengan kesediaan auditor dalam menanggung risiko bahwa laporan keuangan mengandung salah saji material ketika opini wajar tanpa pengecualian telah diberikan, sehingga semakin rendah (tinggi) risiko audit menjelaskan bahwa salah saji yang terdapat di dalam laporan keuangan adalah material (tidak material). Sedangkan rotasi auditor menjelaskan lamanya perikatan audit terhadap klien yang sama. Semakin lama auditor melakukan perikatan audit pada klien yang sama akan menyebabkan klien dapat membaca pola pemeriksaan yang dilakukan oleh auditor tersebut sehingga kecenderungan manipulasi yang dilakukan oleh klien dapat tidak terdeteksi oleh auditor. Hal ini menyebabkan laporan keuangan klien semakin berisiko tinggi sehingga risiko audit semakin rendah. Penelitian ini menggunakan responden mahasiswa S1 yang sedang skripsi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah kesediaan untuk menanggung risiko audit pada laporan keuangan yang mengandung salah saji material lebih rendah dibandingkan pada laporan keuangan yang tidak mengandung salah saji material, serta kesediaan auditor lebih rendah dalam menanggung risiko audit untuk klien dengan akumulasi perikatan 7 tahun atau lebih dibandingkan dengan yang kurang dari 7 tahun.
THORACO-OMPHALOPAGUS CONJOINED TWINS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Sardjana  , Gumilar Gulam
Published: May 2024

Conjoined twinsis a rare congenital disorder with high mortality and morbidity rates. Thoracomphalopagus, a type of conjoined twins that involves the heart, is the most uncommon. We report a case in which a multigravida woman was admitted with a diagnosis of thoraco-omphalopagus conjoined twins by ultrasonography at 36 weeks of gestation. Conclusion birth planning and fetal separation of conjoined twins depend on prenatal identification.
Covid-19 dan Dinamika Harga Telur Di Indonesia
Authors: Lagaida Bugi Biruloma , Sahara  , Widyastutik  , Daryanto Arief
Published: May 2024

Pandemi Covid-19 berpotensi menyebabkan peningkatan harga pada berbagai komoditi termasuk telur. Hasil analisis terhadap data harian harga telur menunjukkan di masa pandemi Covid-19 telah terjadi peningkatan harga rata rata-rata telur ayam di 28 provinsi dengan peningkatan terbesar terjadi di Provins i Papua Bengkulu, Sumatera Utara, Gorontalo, dan Kalimantan Barat. Selain itu, pandemi Covid-19 meningkatkan rentang standar deviasi harga telur yang mengindikasikan pada saat pandemi Covid -19 fluktuasi harga telur lebih besar dibandingkan sebelum pandemi. Upaya untuk menstabilkan harga telur terutama di provinsi provinsi-provinsi yang harga telurnya sangat tinggi perlu menjadi perhatian pemerintah.