bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
НАУЧНОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ АНАЛОГОВ КИСЛОМОЛОЧНЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ
Authors: Альшевская  Марина Николаевна Альшевская  Марина Николаевна , Анистратова Оксана Вячеславовна , Казимирченко  Оксана Владимировна Казимирченко  Оксана Владимировна , Кочина  Анастасия Антоновна Кочина  Анастасия Антоновна
Published: October 2024

Проблема пищевой аллергии (ПА) является актуальной на территории Российской Федерации и других стран, что подтверждается медицинскими и социологическими исследованиями и принятием нормативных документов, обязывающих производителей указывать аллергены на маркировке продуктов. В перечне пищевых аллергенов на территории Российской Федерации одним из лидеров по частоте проявления ПА является коровье молоко и продукты на его основе. В связи с этим разработка растительных продуктов с молочнокислыми микроорганизмами является актуальной. В работе проведены исследования по обоснованию технологических параметров производства растительного продукта на основе ферментированного овсяного порошка и белка подсолнечника с использованием микроорганизмов Streptococcussalivariussubsp. thermophilus и Lactobacillusdelbrueckiisubsp. bulgaricus. Работа проведена в два этапа. На первом изучена степень влияния режимов пастеризации на скорость кислотообразования при ферментации. Выявлено, что повышение температуры пастеризации от 80 до 900С увеличивает скорость кислотообразования анализируемых растительных смесей. На втором этапе определялось влияние температуры пастеризации и массовой доли пектина на качественные характеристики растительного ферментированного продукта и развитие молочнокислых микроорганизмов. Показано,что независимо от изучаемых температуры пастеризации растительных смесей (от 80 до 90°С) и массовой доли пектина (от 1,0 до 1,5%) во всех полученных образцах растительных продуктов количество молочнокислых микроорганизмов составило не менее 1,0×·107 КОЕ/г. На основании полученных данных предложены режимы пастеризации восстановленной растительной смеси на основе ферментированного овсяного порошка и белка подсолнечника в зависимости от способа производства ферментированных растительных напитков: пастеризация при температуре 85±2°С с последующим выдерживанием 10 минут (для предприятий, использующих периодический способ производства); пастеризация при температуре 90±2°С без выдержки (для поточных производств).
УСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ПРИЧИН ПРЕЖДЕВРЕМЕННОГО ВЫХОДА ИЗ СТРОЯ НАКЛАДКИ ГРЕЙДЕРНОГО НОЖА ИЗ СТАЛИ 110Г13Х2БРЛ
Authors: Хай  Нгуен Ши Хай  Нгуен Ши , Гурьев Михаил Алексеевич , Иванов Сергей Геннадьевич , Гурьев Алексей Михайлович
Published: October 2024

Высокомарганцовистая аустенитная сталь Гадфильда изготавливается из железа с содержанием углерода 1,0 – 1,4 масс.% и марганца – 10–14 масс.% (обычно с соотношением С:Mn = 1:10). В работе представлены результаты анализа стали 110Г13Х2БРЛ (материала накладки ножа грейдерного), позволяющие понять влияние металлургического качества на фазовую структуру стали и ее механические свойства. В ходе исследований, в частности установлено, что химический состав стали в исследованной отливке «накладка ножа грейдерного» не соответствует требованиям ГОСТ 977 88; сталь имеет недопустимую ликвацию основных компонентов сплава (кремний и марганец) по сечению отливки, одной из причин которой является во-первых, неправильная литниковая система, которая должна была обеспечить ламинарный поток металла в форму, а не турбулентный, а во-вторых, неправильный выбор технологических параметров гомогенизирующего отжига либо его отсутствие в принципе. Помимо вышеперечисленных, также вероятно, что шлак в ковше не убирали (либо применялся ковш, отличающийся от ковшей чайникого или стопорного типов, которые и должны были применяться при разливке таких сталей), а также, наиболее вероятно, что отсутствовала прибыльная часть литниковой системы, которая должна была подпитывать отливку. Что в свою очередь, проявилось в наличии таких дефектов, как усадочные поры. На этой основе можно выбрать соответствующие технологические операции для устранения дефектов микроструктуры литейной стали 110Г13Х2БРЛ
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССОВ ТЕПЛОВОГО НАПРЯЖЕННО-ДЕФОРМИРОВАННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ НАГРЕВАТЕЛЬНОГО УСТРОЙСТВА
Authors: Бахрунов Константин Константинович , Павлов Алексей Николаевич , Некипелова  Татьяна Ивановна Некипелова  Татьяна Ивановна
Published: October 2024

В работе представлено моделирование нагревательного устройства кипятильник универсальный марки КУ-200-2с применяемых в летательных аппаратах. Приводятся распределение полей температур по сечению изделия в процессе нагрева, возникающие при этом остаточные деформации и напряжения. Результаты исследования предлагается использовать для совершенствования работы изделия с учетом условий внешней среды и оптимизации веса конструкции.
Comprehensive molecular mapping of vegetable oil autoxidation products by NMR-based oxylipidomics
Authors: Boerkamp Vincent J.P. , Hennebelle Marie , Vincken Jean-Paul , van Duynhoven John
Published: October 2024

Lipid oxidation is one the major causes of food deterioration. Current advancement in mechanistic understanding is limited by the lack of high-throughput methods that can simultaneously quantify a wide range of oxidation product classes, such as lipid hydroperoxides, epoxides, ketones, hydroxides, and aldehydes. Here, we introduce an NMR-based ‘oxylipidomics’ platform by providing the annotation of 42 substructures formed during lipid oxidation in vegetable oils. The annotated substructures accounted for respectively 93, 90 and 70 % of the oxidation products of triolein, trilinolein and trilinolenin. The spectral assignments allowed for quantification of lipid oxidation products in vegetable oil at class level (e.g., epoxides) and substructure level (e.g., trans-epoxides) at the commonly available field strength of 14.1 T (600 MHz). We anticipate that our workflow will enable rapid assessment of health risks, unravelling of precursor-sensory relationships, rational design of antioxidant strategies, and in-depth mechanistic studies into food lipid oxidation.
In-situ Raman investigations of Fe-coated Ni OER electrodes
Authors: Efthimiopoulos Ilias , Zhang Sihan , Samisereht Nafiseh , Sharat SA , Ebbinghaus Petra , Mehrmann Caroline , Rabe Martin
Published: October 2024

We have investigated the OER performance of Fe-coated Ni meshes via direct immersion of the samples in selected Fe-bearing solutions. In all cases, we were able to detect an enhancement of the OER performance, with the NM samples immersed in 20 mM Fe(NO3)3 and 20 mM FeCl2 solutions showing the best activity. The stability of the electrodes could be verified for 24 hours. Furthermore, our in-situ Raman spectroscopic studies have pinpointed the oxidation of Ni preceding the OER process; a direct relation between the activity and the detected Raman signal could be observed. Our results appear to pave the way for establishing Raman spectroscopy as a promising method of choice for identifying the active phase in Ni-bearing systems.
Neoteric Solvents for Exploratory Catalysis: Hydrophosphination Catalysis with CHEM21 Solvents
Authors: Finfer Emma , Waterman Rory
Published: October 2024

The development of catalytic hydrophosphination has placed little emphasis on solvent effects, and most exploratory studies continue to be in toxic or environmentally harmful solvents. A comparative analysis of hydrophosphination catalysis using the three major categories of substrates, styrene, Michael acceptors, and unactivated alkenes, has been undertaken to assess a transition to green solvent alternatives. The compound selected, Cu(acac)2, has been identified as a highly active and perhaps most general precatalyst for hydrophosphination, which is enabled by photochemical conditions. Eight solvents were investigated from categories outlined in the CHEM21 guide, and seven were highly effective for most reactions. These results demonstrate a straightforward path to improving the sustainability of future studies in this and related catalytic reactions through bioavailable solvents, as well as highlighting potential pitfalls in reactions involving phosphine substrates.
Direct Ladderization of Cyclooctatetraene-containing, Processable Conjugated Ladder Polymers from Annulated bis-Zirconacyclopentadienes
Authors: Rothenberger August J. , Bergman Harrison M. , Li He , Qi Miao , Wang Yunfei , Liu Yi , Tilley T. Don
Published: October 2024

Conjugated ladder polymers (CLPs) are difficult yet captivating synthetic targets due to their fully unsaturated fused backbones. Inherent challenges associated with their synthesis often lead to low yields, structural defects, and insoluble products. Here a new method to form CLPs is demonstrated, utilizing a high-yielding dimerization of annulated zirconacyclopentadienes to form cyclooctatetraene (COT) monomer units. The resulting COT-containing polymers form rapidly in a single ladderization step from the bis-zirconacyclopentadiene precursors and display molecular weights up to 29.7 kDa. The polymers represent rare examples of CLPs with negatively curved rings, resulting in the observation of unusual properties. The rigid tub-shaped COT units embedded in the backbone imbue the polymers with microporosity, exhibiting BET surface areas up to 555 m2/g. Additionally, the remarkable solubility of these CLPs in organic solvents enables the fabrication of thin films showcasing high dielectric performance with a discharged energy density as high as 6.54 J/cm3 at 650 MV/m
Degradation of a water-in-salt electrolyte at graphite and Na metal electrodes from first principles
Authors: Rezaei Majid , Groß Axel
Published: October 2024

By preventing water decomposition on the electrode surface, the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a crucial role in enhancing the electrochemical stability of water-in-salt electrolytes, thereby facilitating their commercialization. In this study, we employ density functional theory calculations to explore the initial stages of SEI formation within a sodium triflate water-in-salt electrolyte on two types of electrodes: graphite, known for its inert characteristics, and a highly reactive sodium metal surface, both commonly used in sodium-ion batteries. The insights gained from our calculations offer predictive information on the potential composition of the interfacial layer forming on these surface models, shedding light on the electrochemical performance of the system as a battery feature.
Organophotocatalytic Reduction of Benzenes to Cyclohexenes
Authors: Devi Kirti , Shehzad Asad , Wiesenfeldt Mario Patrick
Published: October 2024

The reduction of abundant benzene rings to scarce C(sp3)-rich motifs is invaluable for drug design as C(sp3) content is known to correlate with clinical success. Cyclohexenes are attractive targets as they can be rapidly elaborated into large product libraries and are stable against rearomatization. However, partial reduction reactions of benzenes to cyclohexenes are rare and have a very narrow scope. Herein, we report a broadly applicable method that converts electron-poor benzenes to cyclohexenes and tolerates Lewis-basic functional groups like triazoles and thioethers, as well as reducible groups like cyanides, alkynes, and sulfones. The reaction utilizes an organic donor that induces mild arene reduction by pre-association to a photo-excitable electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complex and mild isomerization of redox-inert 1,4-cyclohexadienes to reducible 1,3-cyclohexadienes without a strong base in its oxidized thioquinone methide form.
Use of Resonant Acoustic Fields as Atmospheric-Pressure Ion Gates
Authors: Danischewski Julia , You Yi , Bauer Lauren , Riedel Jens , Shelley Jacob
Published: October 2024

Ion optics are crucial for spectrometric methods such as mass spectrometry (MS) and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). Among the wide selection of ion optics, temporal ion gates are of particular importance for time-of-flight MS (TOF-MS) and drift-tube IMS. Commonly implemented as electrostatic ion gates, these optics offer a rapid, efficient means to block ion beams and form discrete ion packets for subsequent analysis. Unfortunately, these devices rely on pulsed high-voltage sources and are not fully transparent, even in their open state, which can lead to ion losses and contamination. Here, a novel atmospheric-pressure ion gate based on a resonant acoustic field structure is described. This effect was accomplished through the formation of a resonant, standing acoustic wave of alternating nodes and antinodes. Alignment of an atmospheric-pressure gaseous ion beam with an antinode, i.e. a region of transient pressure, of the acoustic structure acted as a gate and blocked ions from impinging ion-selective detectors, such as a mass spectrometer and a Faraday plate. The velocity of the ion stream and acoustic power were found to be critical parameters for gating efficiency. In the presence of an acoustic field (i.e. a closed gate), ion signals were decreased by as much as 99.8% with a response time faster than the readout of the ion-measurement devices used here (ca. 75 ms). This work demonstrates the basis for a low-cost, acoustic ion gate, which is optically transparent and easily constructed with low-power, off-the-shelf components, that can be used in MS and IMS instrumentation.
Amesformer: State-of-the-Art Mutagenicity Prediction with Graph Transformers
Authors: Thompson Luke , Evans Josiah , Matthews Slade
Published: October 2024

The Ames mutagenicity test is a gold standard assay for the safety assessment of new chemicals. However, many in silico models rely on challenging-to-interpret ensemble strategies and molecular fingerprint data which neglects gestalt molecular structure. To improve upon these models, we propose AmesFormer, a graph transformer neural network which shows state-of-the-art performance when paired with our new Ames dataset. We briefly review the current state of Ames modelling with a focus on graph neural networks. We then benchmark AmesFormer on a standardised test dataset against 22 other Ames models, achieving state of the art (SOTA) performance. We then uniquely report the calibration performance of our model and attempts to improve it using temperature scaling. We support our findings with reference to other models from the literature and with developments in machine learning (ML) and graph theory. Overall, we present a high-performance, accessible, and open-source computational model for Ames mutagenicity, with significant potential for regulatory and drug development applications
A Triangular Frustrated Eu(II)–Organic Framework for Sub-Kelvin Magnetic Refrigeration
Authors: Manvell Anna , Dunstan Maja , Gracia David , Hrubý Jakub , Kubus Mariusz , McPherson James , Palacios Elias , Weihe Hogni , Hill Stephen , Schnack Jürgen , Evangelisti Marco , Pedersen Kasper Steen
Published: October 2024

Attaining very-low temperatures remains technologically challenging and often relies on the scarce resource 3He, unless employing adiabatic demagnetisation refrigeration. Herein, the active coolant typically consists of weakly coupled paramagnetic ions, whose magnetic interaction strengths are comparable in energy to the relevant temperature regime of cooling. Such interactions depend strongly on inter-ion distances, fundamentally hindering the realisation of dense coolants for sub-Kelvin refrigeration. We present a magnetically concentrated triangular coordination network, Eu0.9Ba0.1I2(pyrazine)3, featuring the large s = 7/2 moment of Eu(II). Electron paramagnetic resonance, magnetization, and heat capacity measurements reflect antiferromagnetic correlations between the Eu(II) ions and a dominant easy-plane magnetic anisotropy. The ensuing geometric frustration prevents entropy-annihilating magnetic order down to at least 0.17 K, that is, a remarkably low working temperature for a relatively dense magnetic refrigerant.
Synthesis of Caged HMG-CoA Reductase Substrates for Elucidation of Cellular Pathways
Authors: OConnell Ryan , Dolphin Nicholas , Ferraudi Guillermo , Lee Mijoon , Stauffacher Cynthia , Helquist Paul , Wiest Olaf
Published: October 2024

The synthesis of photocaged substrates of the biologically important enzyme HMG-CoA reductase is reported. HMG-CoA bearing a p-hydroxyphenacyl (pHP) photocage moiety was synthesized in an overall yield of 14% over seven steps in addition to caged forms of mevalonate and mevaldehyde. The absorption maximum and quantum yield for decaging of the photocaged compounds is pH dependent with a lambda (max) = 330 nm and a quantum yield of 5%, respectively, at pH 9.1 but lambda (max) = 290 nm and a quantum yield of 16% at pH 6.7.
An Open Source Hydroacoustic Benchmarking Framework for Geophonic Signal Detection
Authors: Raumer Pierre-Yves , Bazin Sara , Cazau Dorian , Ingale Vaibhav Vijay , Royer Jean-Yves , Lavayssière Aude
Published: October 2024

Passive hydroacoustic studies have underscored the efficiency and relevance of deploying autonomous hydrophones for the surveillance of underwater geophony. In particular, monitoring networks have been deployed for detecting SOFAR-propagating hydroacoustic waves generated by seismic events and locating their sources. The technique has been extended to study other hydroacoustic signals, such as P-waves from teleseismic events or impulsive waves generated by sea water-lava interactions. A significant challenge in this endeavor lies in the time required for the manual detection and annotation of these signals in long-term records. To address this issue, we tested the feasibility of implementing automated algorithms based on machine learning to detect and identify these various signals, and obtained satisfying classification and time picking accuracies. We incorporated those models in a benchmarking framework, proposing a training dataset, two evaluation datasets, two tasks to solve and the evaluations of the mentionned models on them. The goal of this framework is to foster the development of new models in the community, as it gives a clear way to evaluate them.
Early pregnancy high normal HbA1c: a high risk group?
Authors: Chatfield Megan , Woods Lisa , Sussock Ella , Elder Rosalie , Hall Rosemary
Published: October 2024

aim: To determine if high normal early pregnancy HbA1c (35–40mmol/mol), in the absence of diabetes, was associated with increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes compared to normal HbA1c (<35mmol/mol). method: A retrospective chart review was carried out on all singleton births in the Wellington region from 1 July 2019 to 31 December 2019. Exclusion criteria were participants domiciled outside the Wellington region, HbA1c ≥50mmol/mol, pre-existing diabetes, gestational diabetes in current pregnancy, no HbA1c performed <20 weeks or the first HbA1c was taken at ≥20 weeks. Baseline characteristics, HbA1c and pregnancy outcomes were obtained. The primary outcome was birth weight and was analysed using multiple linear regression. results: There were 1,067 participants in the normal HbA1c (nHbA1c) group and 186 in the high normal HbA1c (hnHbA1c) group. There was no difference in birth weight between hnHbA1c and nHbA1c. hnHbA1c had significantly lower odds of post-partum haemorrhage and composite maternal adverse outcomes compared to nHbA1c (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.35–0.76) and (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46–0.89). conclusion: High normal HbA1c was not associated with increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnant people who did not develop gestational diabetes.
Predictors of symptom recurrence and survival in patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction treated with self-expanding metal stents
Authors: Chieng Michael , Wei Henry , Haydon Sarah , Schauer Cameron
Published: October 2024

background: Malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) poses a substantial symptomatic burden. While various therapeutic options exist, self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) are a common palliative choice for patients who are ineligible for surgery. We studied SEMS outcomes to identify factors influencing stent dysfunction and patient survival. methods: A multi-centre, retrospective review of 190 patients with GOO undergoing SEMS at three tertiary hospitals was performed over 2016–2022. Technical success, clinical success and adverse outcomes were recorded. Predictors of stent dysfunction and survival were evaluated using multivariate regression. results: Technical success was achieved in 186/190 (97.9%) and clinical success in 156/186 (83.9%) %), defined as post-procedural gastric outlet obstruction symptom score (GOOSS) ≥2. Eighty-two (44.1%) patients experienced an adverse event with stent occlusion the most common (23.1%). Approximately one-third (32.3%) underwent a repeat intervention. Mean stent patency time was 67 days (standard deviation=76), and median post-stent survival was 95 days (37–197). Covered and partially covered SEMS carried three times the risk of stent dysfunction compared to uncovered SEMS (odds ratio 3.06, p=0.008). Mortality predictors were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score ≥2 (p=0.03), extrinsic outlet obstruction (p=0.05) and presence of ascites (p=<0.001). conclusion: SEMS demonstrated technical and clinical success but posed a high risk of recurrence, with stent patency time falling short of survival in our cohort. With an evolving landscape of therapeutics for GOO, appropriate patient selection is paramount. Individuals with reduced performance status, extrinsic obstruction and/or ascites may be better candidates for SEMS due to more limited life expectancy. In this setting, uncovered SEMS carry the lowest risk of reintervention.
AN ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN MODERN MARKETS
Authors:   Assistant professor PhD., Market research and Consumer Protection Center, University of Baghdad, Iraq. mahmud@mracpc.uobaghdad.edu.iq, Alkhafaji Mahmud Abdullah
Published: October 2024

Quantitative research methods are crucial in understanding consumer behavior in modern markets. These methods involve collecting and analyzing numerical data to uncover patterns, trends, and correlations related to consumer preferences and choices. Researchers can gain insights into consumer identity, values, taste, consumption experiences, and even topics such as invisible brands, material culture, and fetishes in contemporary consumption by utilizing statistical models. Additionally, quantitative research methods allow for the examination of consumer sentiment, brand engagement, and market maven behavior, providing valuable information for marketers and businesses. The application of quantitative research methods in consumer behavior studies not only enhances our understanding of consumer preferences but also enables the integration of past findings with new observations, driving advancements in the field of consumer research. This integration is essential for effectively capturing the dynamic nature of consumer behavior, especially in response to global events and societal changes.
ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION: A MODERN ART OF ADJUDICATION
Authors: Maurya Suraj Kumar , Mishra Ashutosh , Kharat Madhuri , Sonawane Ajay , Shukla Shruti
Published: October 2024

Online dispute resolution is basically a technique where disputes of the physical world and disputes of cyberspace can be solved in a better way, whether the dispute resolution procedure is completely online or partly online. But here the first question is; what are the areas where online dispute resolution processes may be helpful to solve disputes? And the second question is whether it is suitable to a particular environment? Basically, it is mooted by various jurists that e-commerce is the suitable place where online dispute resolution can help to provide justice to the community. But this is not a complete statement and the importance of online dispute resolution processes is much more than this fact. Number of other areas have been identified by various writers and practice in different countries shows the use of ODR in different fields. Online dispute resolution, similarly as ADR, is a range of processes and forms. ODR emphasized on how to do, rather than what to do? In future, most dispute resolution processes will likely migrate to online processes, and ODR will be useful to almost every type of dispute.
इतिहास शिक्षण का निर्णायक उपकरण शिक्षक
Authors: Nishant Nipun , Ranjan Ashish
Published: October 2024

किसी विषय का शिक्षण एक कला है । जो विषय की प्रकृति के अनुसार बदलती रहती है । इसलिए विषय शिक्षक, कक्षा में शिक्षण के क्रम में विषय की अवधारणाओं को समझाने के दौरान कई चुनौतियों से रूबरू होता है । यह चुनौतियाँ कमोबेश हर विषय की प्रकृति में होती हैं जो विद्यार्थियों के अधिगम स्तर के साथ मिलकर शिक्षण को और अधिक गंभीर बना देती हैं । शिक्षण में आनेवाली इन चुनौतियों का हल जब विषयी शिक्षक प्रशिक्षित हो रहे होते हैं तो उस समय ही कुछ बातों का ध्यान रख इन चुनौतियों का एक उचित हल पाया जा सकता है । उदाहरणस्वरूप इतिहास शिक्षण के लिए तैयार हो रहे शिक्षकों को यह बताया जाए कि विद्यालयी इतिहास पुस्तकलेखन और इतिहास विषय के शिक्षण में समन्वय कम है क्योंकि अमूमन इन दोनों कामों को करनेवाले लोग अलग-अलग हैं । इस अंतर को पाटने के लिए प्रशिक्षु-शिक्षकों में यह समझ विकसित करनी होगी कि इतिहास शिक्षकों को निर्मित करने में इतिहासकारों की भूमिका किस प्रकार की है (इतिहास लेखन की प्रकृति को समझना, इतिहासकार की दृष्टि को परखना), इसके साथ ही इतिहास विषय को पढ़ाना और सीखना क्या होता है इसको भी ध्यान में रखना बेहद जरूरी है । इसके अतिरिक्त इतिहास विषय की प्रकृति को भी जानना जरूरी है जैसेकि इतिहास क्या है, यह विद्यालयी शिक्षा में क्यों जरूरी है साथ ही इतिहास शिक्षण के उपरांत शिक्षार्थी में किन-किन क्षमताओं का विकास होता साथ ही इसके अन्य महत्वपूर्ण पहलू पाठ्यचर्या, पाठ्यक्रम और पाठ्यपुस्तकों की प्रकृति ( विषयवस्तु और उद्देश्य ) से भी भली-भांति परिचित होना जरूरी है, क्योंकि इससे शिक्षक कक्षाई विविधता और विद्यार्थियों के पृष्ठभूमि से परिचित होकर कक्षा में इतिहास का समावेशी शिक्षण कर सकेंगे । जिससे कृष्ण कुमार के शब्दों में शिक्षक “मीक तानाशाह” की छवि से भी मुक्त हो सकेंगे । इतिहास की अवधारणाओं को समझने के लिए शिक्षकों द्वारा शिक्षार्थियों में कुछ बुनियादी समझ को विकसित करने की जरूरत है जैसेकि समय के बदलाव की अवधारणा, कारणता, संदर्भ, जटिलता, संभावना इत्यादि । जिससे शिक्षार्थी प्राथमिक एवं गौण स्रोतों से प्राप्त ऐतिहासिक अर्थ को समझकर उसके पक्ष और विपक्ष में तर्क गढ़ सकेंगे, जो इतिहास शिक्षण का सबसे महत्वपूर्ण उद्देश्य है । जिससे पाठ्यचर्या के व्यक्त और अव्यक्त उद्देश्य भी पूरा हो सकेंगे ।
The Effect of Adding Coconut Dregs (Cocos nucifera L.) on “Wajik” Characteristics
Authors: Sayuti Kesuma , Syukri Daimon , Padilah Rahmi
Published: October 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of adding coconut dregs on the characteristics of wajik based on organoleptic and chemical tests. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments, namely A (without adding coconut dregs), B (addition of 1% coconut dregs), C (addition of 2% coconut dregs), D (addition of 3% coconut dregs), and E (addition of 4% coconut dregs) with 3 replications. The research data were statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) analysis at the 5% level. The results showed that adding coconut dregs had a significant effect on, fat content, crude fiber, sucrose, total energy, and organoleptic including color, aroma, taste, and texture. However, it had no significant effect on ash content. The best treatment was wajik with the addition of 3% coconut dregs, with ash content of 0.78%, fat content of 14.31%, protein content of 2.58%, crude fiber of 6.42%, total energy of 329.51 kcal, and a liking level for color 3.80 (like), aroma 3.84 (like), taste 3.60 (like), and texture 3.80 (like).
The Use of the Method of Multiwave Spectrophotometry in Quality Control of Tizol Gel and Metronidazole in a New Mild Dosage Form «Metronidazole»
Authors:   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation, Kopylova A. I. , Kobeleva T. A. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation, Sichko A. I. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

Introduction. For the introduction of new medicines into medical practice, a mandatory stage is quality control, which includes determining the quantitative content of active components using modern methods of pharmaceutical analysis. Tizol gel, included in soft dosage forms, is an independent pharmacologically active agent, therefore it is important to evaluate its content in complex medicinal preparations. Aim. To develop a method for quantitative determination of tizol gel and metronidazole in a new semisolid dosage form «Metronidazole» using multiple-wavelength spectrophotometry. Materials and methods. Pharmaceutical substance metronidazole, tizol gel, «Metronidazole» ointment containing 5% nitroimidazole in a tizol base was used for analysis. The studies were performed on spectrophotometer SF-2000 by multiple-wavelength spectrophotometry in the UV region. On the basis of experimental data, the metrological parameters of the developed analytical technique were calculated. Results and discussion. Experimental studies allowed us to justify the use of an acetate buffer solution with pH = 4 as the optimum solvent for the spectrophotometric analysis of tisol gel and metronidazole in the mixture. Analytical wavelengths (238 nm for tisol gel, 316 nm for metronidazole) were selected according to the UV spectra of the drugs obtained. According to the results of quantitative determination of the components of the Metronidazole ointment, the content of medicines is within the limits: metronidazole from 0.4900 to 0.5219 g, tizol gel (in terms of the mass fraction of titanium) – 2.32–2.46%, which are acceptable according to regulatory documentation (FSF 42-3157-06, OFS.1.8.0001). Conclusion. Quantitative analysis of tisol gel in complex pharmaceutical preparations was proposed for the first time. The method of quantitative determination by multiple-wavelength spectrophotometry has been developed which allows to determine the content of tizol gel and metronidazole in a new semisolid dosage form «Metronidazole» with relative errors of the average result not exceeding ± 3.00%.
Produksi Tanaman Cabai Tumpangsari dengan Tanaman Famili Brassicaceae di Cianjur, Jawa Barat
Authors: Visasti Khurul , Kartika Juang Gema , Sri Rahayu Megayani
Published: October 2024

Tumpang sari merupakan salah satu program intensifikasi pertanian yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas lahan. Tumpangsari dapat meningkatkan produksi tanaman, meningkatkan pendapatan petani, dan membagi risiko. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang produksi cabai tumpang sari dengan tanaman dari keluarga Brassicaceae. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan petani di Cianjur, Jawa Barat, dari Januari hingga April 2020. Tumpangsari merupakan praktik yang mudah dilakukan oleh petani dengan menggunakan cabai dan tanaman Brassicaceae. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai dari persiapan lahan hingga pasca panen tanaman cabai, kubis dan sawi putih. Pengamatan meliputi waktu panen (MST), bobot hasil (kg), luas lahan (m²), dan analisis usaha tani. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman cabai yang ditumpangsarikan dengan sawi putih memiliki bobot panen akhir yang lebih tinggi sebesar 16.458 ton ha-1 dibandingkan dengan cabai yang ditumpangsarikan dengan kubis yaitu sebesar 15.885 ton ha-1. Cabai yang ditumpangsarikan dengan sawi putih memiliki rasio R/C sebesar 3.20, sedangkan tanaman cabai yang ditumpangsarikan dengan kubis memiliki rasio R/C sebesar 3.21. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil kelayakan usaha tani di antara keduanya menguntungkan dan layak karena rasio R/C keduanya >1.
Kata kunci: analisis usaha tani, evaluasi, hasil panen, R/C ratio
Optimasi Satuan Panas sebagai Kriteria Panen Terukur pada Pisang Tanduk (Musa eumusa, AAB Group)
Authors: Siregar Shella Elvira , Widodo Winarso Drajad , Susanto Slamet
Published: October 2024

Pisang merupakan komoditas yang banyak ditemukan di pasar, dan cukup potensial untuk dibudidayakan. Pisang mudah diolah untuk dijadikan bahan pangan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji akumulasi satuan panas yang tepat sebagai kriteria panen terukur pisang Tanduk serta pengaruhnya terhadap mutu fisik dan kimia pada tingkat kematangan pascapanen yang sama. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Sukamantri, Bogor, Jawa Barat pada ketinggian 550 meter di atas permukaan laut pada bulan Desember 2021 hingga April 2022. Pengujian kualitas fisik dan kualitas kimia pisang Tanduk dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pascapanen, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga ulangan untuk menguji tujuh umur panen: 70,75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100 hari setelah antesis (HAS). Satuan panas tersebut setara dengan satuan panas: 1035, 1111, 1188, 1262, 1332, 1398, 1444 ˚C hari. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pisang Tanduk yang dipanen pada umur panen 70-100 HSA di Kebun Percobaan Sukamantri dengan satuan panas 1035.15-1443.90 ˚C hari tidak mempengaruhi komponen produksi, komponen fisik, laju respirasi, dan kualitas kimia pada kematangan pascapanen yang sama kecuali PTT dan rasio PTT/ATT.
Kata kunci: antesis, laju respirasi, pascapanen, satuan panas, umur simpan
Water saving based on moisture observations: scheduling drip irrigation regimes for tomatoes under greenhouse conditions in Tajikistan
Authors:   Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rudaki Av., 21a, Dushanbe, 734025, Republic of Tajikistan, Nurzoda Nazar
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to examine the efficiency of different drip irrigation regimes in spring film greenhouses for early tomato harvesting. The field (small-plot) experiment included designing and testing the watering technology suitable for rural Tajikistan. Irrigation, soil moisture, and tomato growth were followed for several seasons under four irrigation pilots. The experiments showed that the most effective drip irrigation regime for Elpida hybrid tomato was carrying it out while regulating soil moisture within 75-85%, with the irrigation demand of 4,978 m3/ha and irrigation norm of 99.0 m3/ha, also contributing to better water efficiency. The volume of irrigation water for the production of one unit of tomato crop in the second experiment was 5.73 m3/ha, i.e. 14.18% less than in the control plot. The study showed that the tomato evapotranspiration coefficient tends to increase as the threshold of soil mois-ture before and after irrigation grows. The maximum net yield amounted to 1,342 thou. Somoni/ha – 1.9 times or 52.7% higher compared to the control plot. The research findings can guide individual farmers and production facilities, as well as the overall development of agrarian economies like Tajikistan.
FRUITS OF VEGETABLE EUTERPE AS A VALUABLE SOURCE OF FOOD AND BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS (REVIEW)
Authors: Kurdyukov E. , Mitishev A. , Vodopyanova O. , Moiseeva I. , Finaenova N.
Published: October 2024

Vegetable euterpe (Euterpe oleracea) belongs to the Arecaceae family, grows in tropical and subtropical areas. The people call the fruits of acai. Of the wild species of Brazil, the most important are Euterpe oleracea, Euterpe edulis and Euterpe precatoria. A botanical description, a review of the chemical composition of secondary metabolites, a description of the biological and pharmacological activity of Euterpe oleracea are presented. The main biologically active compounds are anthocyanins (cyanidin–3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinosideo), flavonoids (quercetin, rutin), tannins (catechin, gallic acid), phenylpropanoids (chlorogenic acid), carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene). There is evidence of antioxidant, vasodilating, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and antitumor activity. A wide variety of biologically active compounds that cause a multidirectional pharmacological effect in this plant makes vegetable euterpe a promising object for the development of pharmaceutical substances.
CHANGES IN THE ACTIVITY OF LYSOSOMAL CYSTEINE PROTEASES IN VASCULAR WALL HOMOGENATES IN VARICOSE VEINS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES
Authors: Konopleva M. , Gazaryan Z. , Kalinin R. , Suchkov I. , Korotkova N.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. The article deals with the issue of changes in the activity of lysosomal cysteine proteases – cathepsins L, B, H in homogenates of vascu-lar wall, obtained from patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities. Due to the fact that the proteolytic processes occurring in the wall of vari-cose transformed veins currently remain poorly understood, and the incidence of varicose veins is increasing, the relevance of the topic remains at a high level. Materials and methods. The study shows the results from 22 patients divided into two groups: the first group (n=12): patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities, the second group (control) – patients who had healthy vein sections, taken during femoral-popliteal bypass surgery using au-tovena (n=10). The material for the study was homogenates of vascular wall, obtained during surgical intervention. The vessels were weighed on elec-tronic scales (Ohaus corporation, USA). The samples were crushed and placed in a glass of the Potter S homogenizer (Sartorius, Germany). Homoge-nized for 60 seconds with a rotation speed of a Teflon pestle of 1500 rpm. The activity of cathepsins B, L and H was determined spectrofluorimetrically on the RF – Zhimadzu Spectrofluorometer (Japan). The protein content was assessed using the Lowry method by the commercial set of the NPC "Eco-service" (St. Petersburg). Results. The activity of cathepsin B in the homogenate of varicose veins was increased by 35 times compared to the control group. The activity of cathepsin D in the homogenate of varicose veins was also increased 17-fold compared to the control. The activity of cathepsin H in varicose vein ho-mogenate showed a unidirectional trend - it was higher than the control values, but by a smaller number of times – by 9. Thus, in varicose vein ho-mogenates, all three studied cathepsins increase their activity, but to varying degrees. The greatest changes, according to our study, confirmed the activity of cathepsin B. Conclusions. Varicose veins of the lower extremities are accompanied by a significant increase in the activity of lysosomal cysteine proteinases – cathepsins B, L and H in the wall homogenates of the affected vein, which may indicate the involvement of LC in the pathogenesis of venous trans-formation
STRESS-PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF THE COMPLEX REMEDY IN ACUTE IMMOBILIZATION STRESS
Authors: Shantanova L. , Lubsandorzhieva P. , Baldandorzhieva M. , Alekseeva E. , Dargaeva T.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. The range of medicinal remedies in the traditional Tibetan medicine contains several tens of formulae named bchud len. They are multicomponent remedies of natural origin having a stimulating non-specific effect on the human body. The analysis of such formula under the name ‘Rejuvenating-35’ has been presented in the paper. The complex remedy on the base of this formula was developed. Its composition includes 14 species of the plants and chitosan as a source of mineral substances. Previous phytochemical studies have revealed that the given remedy contains a wide spectrum of biologically active substances, namely triterpene saponins, flavonoids, ether oils, tannins, polysaccharides, etc. The aim of the present work was to evaluate stress-protective activity of the complex remedy in acute restraint stress. Material and methods. Experiments were carried out on white Wistar rats. The acute stress was simulated by immobilization of animals in supine position for 18 hours. The tested remedy was introduced in the form of decoction for 7 days before exposure to stress. Results. It has been established that the course administration of the complex remedy decreases the manifestation of the Selye’s triad signs: 26% decrease of adrenal glands hypertrophy, 45% and 60% decrease in involution of thymus and spleen respectively as compared to the data in the control group of animals. Besides, its administration prevents the development of rough destructions in the stomach mucosa in the form of erosions and linear ulcers. Against the background of the complex remedy administration there was noted twofold decrease of TBA-active products concentra-tion, fourfold increase of superoxide dismutase activity, 30% increase of catalase activity and the content of the reduced glutathione was 30% in-creased as compared to the data in the control. Conclusions. The preventive administration of the complex remedy has stress-protective effect against the background of acute restraint stress. Molecular-cell mechanisms of its anti-stress effect are connected with the inhibition of free-radical oxidation processes and the increased activity of the endogenic antioxidant system.
PELATIHAN MANAJEMEN RANTAI PASOK PUPUK ORGANIK BAGI KELOMPOK TANI DEWI SRI DESA JAJAR GUMREGAH
Authors: Lestari Wahyu Dwi , Maulana Hendra , Nuryananda Praja Firdaus , Lestari Mufida Diah
Published: October 2024

Pengelolaan rantai pasok pupuk organik yang baik sangat penting untuk mendukung keberlanjutan pertanian di Indonesia, khususnya di wilayah pedesaan. Kelompok Tani Dewi Sri di Desa Jajar Gumregah menghadapi tantangan dalam distribusi dan manajemen stok pupuk organik yang seringkali berdampak pada produktivitas dan kualitas hasil pertanian. Peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam manajemen rantai pasok perlu dilatih, sehingga distribusi pupuk organik menjadi lebih efisien, tepat waktu, dan berkualitas. Pelatihan Manajemen Rantai Pasok Pupuk Organik bagi Kelompok Tani Dewi Sri Desa Jajar Gumregah bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas dan efisiensi kelompok tani dalam mengelola produksi dan distribusi pupuk organik. Kegiatan pengabdian melibatkan beberapa tahapan, mulai dari identifikasi kebutuhan, perencanaan program, pelaksanaan pelatihan, hingga evaluasi dan pendampingan. Peserta diberikan modul atau panduan praktis serta studi kasus untuk memahami pengelolaan distribusi pupuk organik yang efektif dan efisien sesuai kebutuhan kelompok tani. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa penerapan manajemen rantai pasok yang efektif dapat meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi pupuk organik, mengurangi biaya operasional, dan memperbaiki sistem distribusi. Anggota kelompok tani memperoleh pengetahuan dan keterampilan baru dalam mengelola rantai pasok secara lebih efisien, yang pada akhirnya mendukung peningkatan produktivitas pertanian dan kesejahteraan ekonomi komunitas tani. Pengabdian ini juga berkontribusi terhadap pencapaian Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDGs), khususnya dalam mengakhiri kelaparan (SDG 2), mendorong pekerjaan layak dan pertumbuhan ekonomi (SDG 8), serta menjamin pola konsumsi dan produksi yang berkelanjutan (SDG 12). Pengabdian ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya pelatihan berkelanjutan dan penerapan teknologi dalam pengelolaan rantai pasok pertanian.
EDUKASI KESEHATAN TENTANG SADARI PADA SUAMI DAN ISTRI
Authors: Wirawan Alfonsius Ade , Fernandez Gratsia Victoria , Kambey Stefan Andrew Glorious Pelealu
Published: October 2024

Deteksi dini kanker payudara adalah salah satu upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi sedini mungkin tanda dan gejala kanker payudara. Salah satu cara untuk mendeteksi dini kanker payudara adalah Pemeriksaan Payudara Sendiri (SADARI). Sayangnya, perilaku SADARI oleh istri masih rendah. Hal ini dapat dikarenakan kurangnya pengetahuan, sumber daya yang terbatas serta kurangnya dukungan suami dalam perilaku SADARI. Karena itu, perlunya dilakukan edukasi kepada istri dan suami agar perilaku SADARI dapat terbentuk. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan dukungan suami dan istri tentang perilaku SADARI oleh istri. Edukasi dilakukan di tiga tempat berbeda. Media yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini yaitu: (1) Buku; (2) Leaflet; (3) Video demonstrasi; (4) Power Point; dan (5) Alat peraga (pantom payudara). Penyuluhan dihadiri oleh 60 orang yang terdiri dari suami dan istri. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di Aula Perum Pemda (Posyandu) Puskesmas Ranomuut, di Puskesmas Tuminting, dan di Lingkungan 5 Kelurahan Tuminting. Keseluruhan kegiatan dihadiri 60 orang responden. Selama kegiatan, responden terlihat antusias dengan topik yang dibawakan. Hasil evaluasi nilai pre test responden yaitu nilai rata-rata pengetahuan responden berada pada poin 4.50. akan tetapi, setelah dilakukan edukasi, nilai rata-rata post test pengetahuan responden berada pada poin 6.20. Hal ini menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan nilai rata-rata pengetahuan responden sebanyak 1.62. Dari hasil evaluasi kuesioner pre-post test juga didapatkan peningkatan signifikan pengetahuan responden tentang SADARI (p value < 0.05). Edukasi SADARI menjadi hal penting dalam deteksi dini kanker payudara. Penggunaan media secara optimal dapat meningkatkan pemahaman responden tentang SADARI.
Pengaruh Pupuk Tambahan Terhadap Hasil dan Komponen Hasil Dua Varietas Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) yang Ditanam di Luar Musim
Authors: Yusnia Herpiani  , I Komang Damar Jaya  , Bambang Budi Santoso
Published: October 2024

Budidaya tanaman cabai di musim hujan atau di luar musim tanam merupakan upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan serta untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menpelajari hasil dan komponen hasil dua varietas tanaman cabai rawit yang ditanam di luar musim yang diberikan beberapa jenis pupuk tambahan. Varietas yang diuji adalah varietas Bara dan varietas Dewata 43. Sementara itu, pupuk tambahan yang diberikan adalah pupuk kandang ayam, pupuk daun Provit Orange dan Gromore. Semua perlakuan ditata menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok factorial dengan tiga ulangan. Tanaman cabai yang diuji diberikan pupuk anorganik NPK (15-15-15) Phonska dengan total 1200 kg/ha dan diaplikasikan sebanyak tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas Dewata 43 memberikan hasil (berat buah per petak= 4,3 kg/5 m2) yang terbaik jika diperlakukan dengan pupuk kandang ayam dan Provit Orange, namun tidak pada perlakuan pupuk Growmore, yang justru menunjukkan hasil rendah. Varietas dan pupuk tambahan tidak mengakibatkan perbedaan yang nyata pada komponen hasil tanaman, seperti pada jumlah buah dan berat buah per tanaman.
Respon Pertumbuhan Kangkung Darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir) terhadap Pemberian Berbagai Dosis Pupuk Kascing
Authors: Wahyuni Febbriana  , Liana Suryaningsih B.  , Uyek Malik Yakop
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh berbagai dosis pupuk kascing terhadap pertumbuhan kangkung darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2024 di Desa Pengadang Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Parameter yang diamati yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, berat basah dan panjang akar. Dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dengan 5 ulangan yang terdiri dari K0 (0 ton/ha), K1 (10 ton/ha), K2 (20 ton/ha), dan K3 (30 ton/ha). Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam (ANOVA) pada taraf 5% dan diuji lanjut dengan BNJ taraf 5%. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian berbagai dosis pupuk kascing tidak berpengaruh terhadap seluruh parameter pengamatan pada kangkung darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir).