bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of decadal changes in sea surface height and heat content in the eastern Nordic Seas
Authors: Broomé Sara , Chafik Léon , Nilsson Johan
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The Nordic Seas constitute the main ocean conveyor of heat between the North Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean. Although the decadal variability in the subpolar North Atlantic has been given significant attention lately, especially regarding the cooling trend since the mid-2000s, less is known about the potential connection downstream in the northern basins. Using sea surface heights from satellite altimetry over the past 25 years (1993–2017), we find significant variability on multiyear to decadal timescales in the Nordic Seas. In particular, the regional trends in sea surface height show signs of a weakening since the mid-2000s, as compared to the rapid increase in the preceding decade since the early 1990s. This change is most prominent in the Atlantic origin waters in the eastern Nordic Seas and is closely linked, as estimated from hydrography, to heat content. Furthermore, we formulate a simple heat budget for the eastern Nordic Seas to discuss the relative importance of local and remote sources of variability; advection of temperature anomalies in the Atlantic inflow is found to be the main mechanism. A conceptual model of ocean heat convergence, with only upstream temperature measurements at the inflow to the Nordic Seas as input, is able to reproduce key aspects of the decadal variability in the heat content of the Nordic Seas. Based on these results, we argue that there is a strong connection with the upstream subpolar North Atlantic. However, although the shift in trends in the mid-2000s is coincident in the Nordic Seas and the subpolar North Atlantic, the eastern Nordic Seas have not seen a reversal of trends but instead maintain elevated sea surface heights and heat content in the recent decade considered here.
Beaching patterns of plastic debris along the Indian Ocean rim
Authors: van der Mheen Mirjam , van Sebille Erik , Pattiaratchi Charitha
Published: June 2020

Abstract. A large percentage of global ocean plastic waste enters the northern hemisphere Indian Ocean (NIO). Despite this, it is unclear what happens to buoyant plastics in the NIO. Because the subtropics in the NIO is blocked by landmass, there is no subtropical gyre and no associated subtropical garbage patch in this region. We therefore hypothesise that plastics "beach" and end up on coastlines along the Indian Ocean rim. In this paper, we determine the influence of beaching plastics by applying different beaching conditions to Lagrangian particle tracking simulation results. Our results show that a large amount of plastic likely ends up on coastlines in the NIO, while some crosses the equator into the southern hemisphere Indian Ocean (SIO). In the NIO, the transport of plastics is dominated by seasonally reversing monsoonal currents, which transport plastics back and forth between the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. All buoyant plastic material in this region beaches within a few years in our simulations. Countries bordering the Bay of Bengal are particularly heavily affected by plastics beaching on coastlines. This is a result of both the large sources of plastic waste in the region, as well as ocean dynamics which concentrate plastics in the Bay of Bengal. During the intermonsoon period following the southwest monsoon season (September, October, November), plastics can cross the equator on the eastern side of the NIO basin into the SIO. Plastics that escape from the NIO into the SIO beach on eastern African coastlines and islands in the SIO or enter the subtropical SIO garbage patch.
Multiphase, decoupled faulting in the southern German Molasse Basin – evidence from 3D seismic data
Authors: Shipilin Vladimir , Tanner David Colin , von Hartmann Hartwig , Moeck Inga
Published: June 2020

Abstract. We use three-dimensional seismic reflection data from the southern German Molasse Basin to investigate the struc-tural style and evolution of a geometrically decoupled fault network in close proximity to the Alpine deformation front. We recognise two fault arrays that are vertically separated by a clay-rich detachment horizon. A large-scale thrust partially over-prints the upper fault array. Analysis of seismic stratigraphy, syn-kinematic strata, throw distribution, and spatial relationships between faults suggest a multiphase fault evolution: (1) initiation of the lower fault array in the Upper Jurassic carbonate platform during the Rupelian, (2) development of the upper fault array in the Cenozoic sediments during the Chattian, and (3) reverse reactivation of the upper faults and thrusting during the mid-Miocene. These phases document the evolution of the stress field during the migration of the forebulge (phase 1), foredeep (phase 2) and the toe of the orogenic front (phase 3) across the investigated area. We postulate that phase 2 was controlled by the vertical stress gradients, whereby a lower horizontal stress component within the Cenozoic sediments defined the independent development of the upper faults above the lower faults. Mechanical behaviour of the clay-rich horizon precluded the subsequent linkage of the fault arrays. A large-scale thrust must have been facilitated by the reverse reactivation of the upper normal faults, as its maximum displacement and extent correlate with the occurrence of these faults. We conclude that the evolving tectonic stresses were the primary mechanism of fault activation, whereas the mechanical stratigraphy and pre-existing structures locally governed the structural style.
Systematic bias of Tibetan Plateau snow cover in subseasonal-to-seasonal models
Authors: Hu Shuzhen , Li Wenkai
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Accurate subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) atmospheric forecasts and hydrological forecasts have considerable socioeconomic value. This study conducts a multimodel comparison of the Tibetan Plateau snow cover (TPSC) prediction skill using three models (ECMWF, NCEP and CMA) selected from the S2S project database to understand their performance in capturing TPSC variability. S2S models can skilfully forecast TPSC within a lead time of 2 weeks but show limited skill beyond 3 weeks. Compared with the observational snow cover analysis, all three models tend to overestimate the area of TPSC, especially during winter. Another remarkable issue regarding the TPSC forecast is the increasing TPSC with forecast lead time, which further increases the systematic positive biases of TPSC in the S2S models at longer forecast lead times. The underestimation of TPSC dissipation induces an increase in TPSC with forecast lead time in the models. Such systematic biases of TPSC influence the forecasted surface air temperature in the S2S models. The surface air temperature over the Tibetan Plateau becomes colder with increasing forecast lead time in the S2S models.
Design Procedures and Experimental Verification of an Electro-Thermal De-Icing System for Wind Turbines
Authors: Getz David , Palacios Jose
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Electro-thermal heating is one of the main technologies used to protect rotors from ice accretion and it is one of the main technologies being considered to protect wind turbines. The design process required to develop an ice protection system for wind turbines is detailed. Three icing conditions were considered: Light, Medium and Severe. Light icing conditions were created using clouds at −8 °C with a 0.2 g/m3 liquid water content (LWC) and water droplets of 20 µm median volumetric diameter (MVD). Medium icing condition clouds had a LWC of 0.4 g/m3 and 20 μm MVD, also at −8 °C. Severe icing conditions had an LWC of 0.9 g/m3 and 35 μm MVD at −8 °C. Wind turbine representative airfoils protected with electro-thermal de-icing were modeled and tested at representative centrifugal loads and flow speeds. The wind turbine sections used were 1/2 scale models of the 80 % span region of a generic 1.5 MW wind turbine blade. Based on experimental and modeling efforts, de-icing a representative 1.5 MW wind turbine with a 100 kW power allocation required four sections along the span, with each heater section covering 17.8 % span and delivering a 2.48 W/in2 (0.385 W/cm2) power density. The time sequences for the controller required approximately 10 minutes for each cycle.
Modelos de desarrollo y soberanía en América Latina: una visión desde la gestión territorial
Authors: Morea Juan Pablo
Published: June 2020

La necesidad de establecer modelos de desarrollo de largo plazo que permitan superar problemáticas y deficiencias estructurales, que fortalezcan la soberanía y propicien la igualdad y la equidad social, ha estado en el centro del debate político y académico en los últimos años para América Latina. Sin embargo, en tiempos recientes se ha evidenciado un proceso de expansión económica y territorial que ha generado desequilibrios territoriales, grandes problemáticas ambientales y una elevada conflictividad social que han dificultado el alcance de este gran objetivo. El trabajo realizado propuso evaluar qué elemento y factores representan los mayores obstáculos para consolidar modelos de desarrollo soberanos, y al mismo tiempo discutir el efectivo dominio de los territorios y recursos de los Estados latinoamericanos y la capacidad verdadera de llevar adelante una gestión política territorial. A través de un abordaje teórico y un análisis de casos, los resultados alcanzados han permitido identificar diversas problemáticas comunes a la mayoría de los países, establecer algunas consideraciones respecto a la importancia de mejorar la gestión territorial como estrategia para fortalecer la soberanía de cada Estado; y plantear algunos desafíos a futuro para construir una visión de conjunto para la región frente al contexto internacional.
Una revisión sistemática exploratoria sobre la actitud y la aptitud empática de la persona mediadora
Authors: Riera Adrover Joan Albert , Cuartero Castañer Maria Elena , Campos Vidal José Francisco
Published: June 2020

Las vanguardias, han afirmado que existe una relación entre el establecimiento de rapport y el éxito de la Mediación. La literatura escrita, ha definido la comprensión, empatía y confianza como elementos que conforman el rapport. El presente artículo, ha considerado la oportunidad de realizar una investigación exhaustiva sobre la empatía. Para ello, ha seleccionado como método de estudio la revisión sistemática exploratoria. Los resultados, han versado sobre el fenómeno de la empatía versus imparcialidad y el Caucus como herramienta para explorar las emociones de las partes sin percibir parcialidad en la persona mediadora. Se exponen recomendaciones y propuestas de futuro.
Gestión del tiempo de mujeres y hombres en la producción cinematógrafica andaluza
Authors: Ocon Manuela , Domíguez Trinidad Núñez
Published: June 2020

Son muchos los estudios que acreditan que mujeres y hombres gestionan de manera desigual el tiempo: el dedicado al trabajo remunerado o al doméstico, a las relaciones personales o al ocio. El objetivo es analizar el sector audiovisual andaluz poniendo el foco en el grupo directivo dedicado a la realización de obras de ficción. El método elegido es el grupo de discusión y la entrevista en profundidad. Los resultados indican que las directivas hacen un uso del tiempo similar al de sus compañeros en las actividades profesionales, pero no en lo doméstico. La gestión desigual no es inocua para las mujeres del sector.
Heterogeneidad de los asociados y estructura de capital de las cooperativas no financieras en Colombia
Authors: Hernández Salazar Giovanni Andrés , Olaya Pardo Ana María , Torres Guevara Luz Elba
Published: June 2020

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo probar cuantitativamente la relación positiva y significativa entre la heterogeneidad socio-económica y del compromiso de los asociados, con la estructura de deuda de la cooperativa. Con información socio-económica de los asociados y los estados financieros discriminados a 6 dígitos contables reportada a la Confederación de Cooperativas de Colombia (Confecoop) durante el periodo 2009-2013, se estimaron modelos de emparejamiento de inferencia causal. Se concluye que existe una relación positiva y significativa entre la heterogeneidad socio-económica y del compromiso de los asociados y, el nivel de deuda de corto y largo plazo de las cooperativas no financieras en Colombia. Estos resultados se explican fundamentalmente por el deseo del asociado de proteger su patrimonio, suavizar el consumo y mitigar el riesgo.
Discurso político y lectura visual. Estudio de caso: las portadas sobre el referéndum ilegal del 1-O
Authors: Irala-Hortal Pilar
Published: June 2020

La situación política que se vive Cataluña y, con ella, toda España, ya ha sido, y continúa siendo, estudiada desde diferentes ángulos. Uno de los ámbitos con mayor presencia social por la rapidez de difusión, y facilidad de manipulación o influencia, es la comunicación visual ejercida desde el periodismo de un lado, y por las redes sociales de otro. En el contexto del análisis del fenómeno de la manipulación o, en todo caso, del poder de influencia en las opiniones ciudadanas de la fotografía este artículo tiene por objeto examinar una selección de las imágenes publicadas sobre el referéndum ilegal del 1 de octubre de 2017 en Cataluña. El fin último es poner de manifiesto y comprender la importancia que adquieren las imágenes en un momento de crisis política, así como la posible manipulación de la opinión ciudadana que puede conseguirse sin manipular técnicamente las imágenes ni su toma.
A linguagem poética lourenciana e sua relação com outras artes
Authors: Tavares Valéria Alves Correia , Abdala Junior Roberto
Published: June 2020

As transformações ocorridas na maneira de se interpretar uma obra contribuem para a performance do leitor, do poeta e da própria linguagem poética. Recorrendo aos escritos de Bakhtin (1998), Benjamin (1994), Compagnon (2001), Hamburger (1975) e Zumthor (2010) intenta-se mostrar, neste artigo , como a relação da poesia com as outras artes estão inseridas nos versos de Edival Lourenço . Pretende-se ainda, pensar a poesia contemporânea e em como ela pode introduzir uma nova constituição do sujeito lírico estabelecido pela linguagem poética inter-relacionada com outras artes. O recorte da subjetividade lírica presente nos poemas do escritor goiano serão analisados no sentido de entender a maneira como essa linguagem e a atuação do sujeito lírico se instauram.
Innovative approach to the medication verification process: Role of pharmacists in the minimization of confirmation bias
Authors: Tran Tu T. , Pham Bryan , Vo Tiana , Hodding Jane , Le Jennifer
Published: June 2020

Purpose: Medication errors may stem from confirmation bias, a type of selective thinking to support one’s own preconception rather than what is actually true. Our objective was to describe an innovative approach to the medication verification process that minimizes confirmation bias.Summary: In September 2014, our pharmacy team implemented a unique double-check method that limited confirmation bias within the medication verification process for the compounding of non-sterile oral products and sterile intravenous admixtures. Our innovative approach required the pharmacist to first check the constituents and the final product without directly viewing the label, and then double check against the final product label. A confirmation bias form was used to ensure adherence to the newly designed workflow. The primary factor contributing to confirmation bias was expectation. Over the 29-month study period, we observed an immediate reduction in escaped defects (30 pre- to 0-4 post-implementation). Most of the escaped defects were “potential” medications errors that were captured prior to leaving the pharmacy and did not reach the patient nor resulted in any harm. While this process improved medication safety, there was no change in pharmacy staff requirement, indicating its cost neutrality.Conclusion: The elimination of confirmation bias and incorporation of a double-check system during the drug verification process improved the safe use of medications without additional staffing cost.
SWEP’d up for the Summer: Survey of participants’ experiences of a nursing student research internship
Authors: Kruizinga Julia , Coulson Chloe , Saunders Stephanie , Ning Nicole
Published: June 2020

Background: Queen’s University (Ontario, Canada) has been offering the Summer Work Experience Program (SWEP) - a subsidized work opportunity for university undergraduate students - since 1995. The Queen’s University Nursing and Health Research Internship program, established in May 2017, involves nursing SWEP students. The program was designed to build research knowledge and experience for nursing students. The aim of this article is to describe the program components, and intern and faculty insights.Methods: To obtain feedback from current and past interns and faculty, an electronic survey was distributed. Data were analyzed for common themes.Results: Themes consolidated from interns (n = 4) included challenges as learning opportunities, new perspectives on research, and successes and opportunities. Themes that emerged from faculty (n = 7) were program challenges and successes, and needs and concerns of interns.Conclusions: Overall, interns and faculty members perceived the program as a valuable learning experience. Suggestions for program development and potential changes are discussed from both an intern and faculty perspective. Further recommendations for program development are explored, with potential changes for future offerings.
Psychometric Evaluation of Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function Computer Adaptive Testing in Minimally Invasive Lumbar Spine Surgery: An Analysis of Responsiveness, Coverage, Discriminant Validity, and Concurrent Validity
Authors: Vaishnav Avani S. , McAnany Steven J. , Iyer Sravisht , Albert Todd J. , Gang Catherine Himo , Qureshi Sheeraz A.
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

Although the Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is increasingly being used, there are few studies assessing the psychometric properties of PROMIS in minimally invasive spine (MIS) surgery. Thus, the purpose of this study was to perform a psychometric evaluation of PROMIS Physical Function Computer Adaptive Testing (PROMIS-PF CAT) in MIS lumbar surgery.

Methods:

The patient-reported outcome measures collected preoperatively and postoperatively of patients undergoing MIS lumbar surgery were retrospectively analyzed to assess responsiveness, coverage, discriminant validity, and concurrent validity of PROMIS-PF CAT.

Results:

Four hundred twenty-one patients were included. The responsiveness of PROMIS Physical Function (PROMIS-PF) was lower than that of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) in the decompression subgroup. Although the ODI had a ceiling effect of 16.7% at 1 year, the Short-Form 12 physical health score and PROMIS-PF did not show floor or ceiling effects. PROMIS-PF demonstrated discriminant validity preoperatively and postoperatively and convergent validity with the ODI, as evidenced by a significant strong negative correlation but not with the Short-Form 12 Physical Health Score, as evidenced by the variability in strength of correlation.

Conclusions:

Although the PROMIS-PF showed lower responsiveness than the ODI, particularly in the decompression subgroup, it demonstrated discriminant validity preoperatively and postoperatively, convergent validity with ODI, and better coverage than ODI. These findings suggest that the PROMIS-PF CAT demonstrates reasonable psychometric properties and may be a good surrogate for the ODI.
Current Concepts in the Management of Trigger Finger in Adults
Authors: Gil Joseph A. , Hresko Andrew M. , Weiss Arnold-Peter C.
Published: June 2020

Trigger finger (TF) is one of the most common causes of hand disability. Immobilization of TF with a joint-blocking orthosis has been demonstrated to effectively relieve pain and improve function. The efficacy of steroid injections for TF varies based on the number of affected digits and the clinical severity of the condition. Up to three repeat steroid injections are effective in most patients. When conservative interventions are unsuccessful, open surgical release of the A1 pulley effectively alleviates the subjective and objective manifestations of TF and currently remains the benchmark procedure for addressing TF. Although several studies have emerged suggesting that a percutaneous approach may result in improved outcomes, this technique demands a learning curve that may predispose patients to higher risk of procedure-related complications. There is no role for preoperative antibiotics in patients who undergo elective soft-tissue procedures of the hand. WALANT anesthesia has gained popularity because it has been associated with improved patient outcomes and a clear cost savings; however, proper patient selection is critical. Similar to other soft-tissue hand procedures, TF surgery rarely necessitates a postoperative opioid prescription.
Three machine learning models for the 2019 Solubility Challenge
Authors: Mitchell John
Published: June 2020

We describe three machine learning models submitted to the 2019 Solubility Challenge. All are founded on tree-like classifiers, with one model being based on Random Forest and another on the related Extra Trees algorithm. The third model is a consensus predictor combining the former two with a Bagging classifier. We call this consensus classifier Vox Machinarum, and here discuss how it benefits from the Wisdom of Crowds. On the first 2019 Solubility Challenge test set of 100 low-variance intrinsic aqueous solubilities, Extra Trees is our best classifier. One the other, a high-variance set of 32 molecules, we find that Vox Machinarum and Random Forest both perform a little better than Extra Trees, and almost equally to one another. We also compare the gold standard solubilities from the 2019 Solubility Challenge with a set of literature-based solubilities for most of the same compounds.
AN EXTRAORDINARY EFFECTIVENESS OF THE NORWEGIAN LAW IN ENFORCING THE CHILDREN`S RIGHTS
Authors: Pawska Wioletta
Published: June 2020

Reading the article about the effectively law in Norway you should pay attention to law in your country. Especially in comparison with the norwegian law. One should ask themselves whether he / she would like to live. Whether in the country where the children`s rights are just respected or in the country where the children and their best interests are in
the first plan. What is more important to his / her - worth of biological family or immediacy in enforcing children`s rights.
DISCLOSURE OBLIGATION AND THE DUTY TO TIMELY NOTIFY THE INSURER OF AN ACCIDENT UNDER INSURANCE CONTRACTS RELATING TO CULTURAL OBJECTS
Authors: Gredka-Ligarska Iwona
Published: June 2020

This study is devoted to the disclosure obligation and the duty to timely notify the insurer of an accident under insurance contracts relating to cultural objects. The examined problem is presented from theoretical and practical perspective. The analysis is based on the example of insurance contracts relating to exhibits belonging to museums and lent for temporary
exhibitions, both home and abroad. The choice of that type of contract was not random because in museum practice such agreements are often concluded and they are vital for museums’ financial interests. It is also explained that an insurance contract covering lent exhibits most frequently
takes the form of an insurance contract for account of another entity. The legal construction of
such contracts is outlined, and it is explained how to avoid complications which the construction
implies in practice. The article discusses legal aspects of risk declaration, notification of changes
to the risk and the duty to timely notify the insurer of an accident. It also includes practical
recommendations on optimal implementation of such duties by museums, i.e. in a manner protecting
the museums’ financial interest. In summary, the author postulates to amend Art. 818 §
3 of the Civil Code, which, in its current version, uses the term, “accordingly” in reference to the
reduction of benefit. The term is imprecise and gives rise to interpretative problems as well as
serious complications in application of the provision of Art. 818 § 3 of the Civil Code in practice.
Motor unit involvement and activities in respiratory muscles during
spirometric measurements of obstructive and restrictive lung diseases in
14-20 years male
Authors: Nandy P , Sawoo R , Bhattacharyya S , Bandyopadhyay A
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Breathing involves respiratory
muscle activities by recruiting motor units. The
obstructive and restrictive lung diseases were
categorized based on spirometric measurement.
Measurement of respiratory muscle function is
important in the diagnosis of respiratory disease or
dysfunction.
Purpose: This study focuses on the involvement of
motor units in diaphragm, external intercostals and
latissimus dorsi muscles during voluntary
contractions in young boys having obstructive and
restrictive lung diseases.
Materials and methods: Fifty eight young male
(14-20 years) were participated and they were
grouped into three (normal, restrictive and
obstructive) according to their lung condition
measured by Spirometry. One way ANOVA was
done to understand the significant differences
between the muscles of three groups. Involvement
of motor unit was shown by plotting the Line
diagrams. Mean and standard deviation along with
one way ANOVA were calculated in case of three
respiratory muscles (External intercostals,
Diaphragm, and latissimus dorsi) for three groups.
Results: No significant differences were found
among three groups during performing Forced vital
capacity (FVC), Slow vital capacity (SVC),
Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), and
Minute ventilation (MV). Line diagram shows that
during FVC, SVC, and MVV responses of different
muscles are higher in three different groups except
during MV.
Conclusion: This study states that motor unit
involvement is different in the case of three
different conditions. It can be concluded that
restrictive and obstructive diseases might not be
interpreted on the basis of only spirometric
measurements in static and dynamic lung
conditions. Motor unit activation and responses of
major respiratory muscles were important
determinants during spirometric measurements
Análise da qualidade da água do rio Traíras na Reserva Legado Verdes do Cerrado (LVC)
Authors: Dos Santos Silva Cássia Monalisa , Rezende Wagner Sobrinho , Da Silva Sales Marcelo Alves
Published: June 2020

Os rios são fontes de um dos recursos naturais indispensáveis aos seres vivos, tendo elevada im­portância cultural, socioeconômica, histórica nas cidades onde se localizam. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar os parâmetros físico-químicos da água do rio Traíras localizado na reserva particular de desenvolvimento sustentável Legado Verdes do Cerrado, na cidade de Niquelândia-GO, sendo este a principal fonte de abastecimento de água da população. Na presente pesquisa foram selecionados cinco pontos de coleta da água do rio Traíras para aferição das características físico-químicas, tais como: pH, turbidez, cor e sólidos totais dissolvidos. Os resultados das análises das quatro fases sazonais das coletas dos cinco pontos evidenciaram que as condições da água bruta do rio se encontram dentro dos limites permitidos pela resolução CONAMA no 357/2005, apresentando caráter adequado de consumo, mesmo ocorrendo alterações ambientais irreversíveis nas adjacências do corpo hídrico. Assim, é importante a implementação do plano de gestão ambiental para minimizar futuros impactos.
Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Congenital Myocarditis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Amiraskari Reza , Sayarifard Elaheh , Kharrazi Hamed , Naserfar Neda , Sayarifard Azadeh
Published: June 2020

Introduction: With the outbreak of coronavirus 2019 (SARS-COV-2), the prevention and control of SARS-COV-2 infection in pregnant women and the potential risk of vertical transmission has become a major concern. Case Presentation: We report the case of a newborn in Iran with the manifestations of myocarditis at birth. The diagnosis of SARS-COV-2 infection was confirmed for the mother and the neonate by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) using a pharyngeal specimen. Conclusions: Based on our literature review, there is still insufficient evidence to determine the effect of SARS-COV-2 infection on the fetus. Given the possibility of cardiac injury in SARS-COV-2 disease and manifestation of congenital myocarditis in our case, maternal vertical transmission of SARS-COV-2 could be considered.
Taxonomy and distribution of Pectinariidae (Annelida) from Iceland with a comparative analysis of uncinal morphology
Authors: Parapar Julio , Palomanes Verónica , Helgason Gudmundur V. , Moreira Juan
Published: June 2020

Based on samples collected during the BIOICE project off Iceland, four species of marine annelids belonging to the family Pectinariidae were identified: Amphictene auricoma (O.F. Müller, 1776), Cistenides granulata (Linnaeus, 1767), Cistenides hyperborea Malmgren, 1865 and Lagis koreni Malmgren, 1866. Taxonomic remarks and data on geographical and bathymetric distribution are presented. The distribution of each species off Iceland was evaluated and two patterns were defined: C. granulata and C. hyperborea were mainly found in waters off the northeast coast, while A. auricoma and L. koreni were found on the southern coast. Several body characters with taxonomic value in this family were reviewed under the stereo microscope and scanning electron microscope, with special emphasis on the neuropodial uncini. Remarks on these special chaetae are included in the diagnoses.
Book Review of Transactional Distance and Adaptive Learning: Planning for the Future of Higher Education
Authors: Nichols Mark
Published: June 2020

Book Review of Transactional Distance and Adaptive Learning: Planning for the Future of Higher Education.
Wind Tunnel Investigation of Dynamic Trimming on Upwind Sail Aerodynamics
Authors: Aubin Nicolas , Augier Benoit , Sacher Matthieu , Bot Patrick , Hauville Frederic , Flay Richard G. J.
Published: June 2020

An experiment was performed in the Yacht Research Unit's Twisted Flow Wind Tunnel (University of Auckland) to test the effect of dynamic trimming on three IMOCA 60 inspired mainsail models in an upwind (apparent wind angle βAW = 60°) unheeled configuration. This study presents dynamic fluid structure interaction results in well controlled conditions (wind, sheet length) with a dynamic trimming system. Trimming oscillations are done around an optimum value of the optimization target coefficient CFobj previously found with a static trim. Different oscillation amplitudes and frequencies of trimming are investigated. Measurements are done with a 6 component force balance and a load sensor giving access to the unsteady mainsail sheet load. The driving force coefficient CFx and CFobj first decrease at low reduced frequency fr for quasi-steady state then increase, becoming higher than the static state situation. CFx and CFobj show an optimum for the three different design sail shapes located at fr = 0.255. This optimum is linked to the power transmitted to the rig and sail system by the trimming device. The effect of the camber of the design shape is also investigated. The flat mainsail design benefits more than the other mainsail designs from the dynamic trimming compared to their respective static situation. This study presents dynamic results that cannot be accurately predicted with a quasi-static approach. These results are therefore valuable for future fluid-structure interaction numerical tools validations in unsteady conditions.
Application of System-based Modelling and Simplified-FSI to a Foiling Open 60 Monohull
Authors: Horel Boris , Durand Mathieu
Published: June 2020

The increasing number of foiling yachts in offshore and inshore races has driven engineers and researchers to significantly improve the current modelling methods to face new design challenges such as flight analysis and control (Heppel, 2015). Following the publication of the AC75 Class Rules for the 36th America's Cup (RNZYS, 2018) and since the brand new Open 60 Class yachts are all equipped with hydrofoils, the presented study will propose a system-based modelling coupled with a simplified FSI (fluid-structure interaction) method that leads to better understand the dynamic behavior of monohulls with deformable hydrofoils. The aim of the presented paper is to establish an innovative approach to assess appendage behavior in a dynamic VPP (velocity prediction program). For that purpose, dynamic computations are based on a 6DOF mathematical model derived from the general non-linear maneuvering equations (Horel, 2016). The force model is expressed as the superposition of 7 major force components expressed at the center of gravity of the yacht: gravity, hydrostatic, maneuvering, damping, propulsion, control and wave. As test cases, course keeping simulations are performed on an Open 60 yacht with control loops to simulate the sail trimmer, helmsman and foil trimmer when finding the optimal foil settings is needed. In first hand, IMOCA's polar diagrams are used as reference. In calm water and in waves, the influence of foil's shapes and stiffness (non-deformable, realistic, flexible) on the global behavior of the yacht is presented.
Recent Advances in Numerical and Experimental Downwind Sail Aerodynamics
Authors: Souppez Jean-Baptiste R. G. , Arredondo-Galeana Abel , Viola Ignazio Maria
Published: June 2020

Over the past two decades, the numerical and experimental progresses made in the field of downwind sail aerodynamics have contributed to a new understanding of their behaviour and improved designs. Contemporary advances include the numerical and experimental evidence of the leading-edge vortex, as well as greater correlation between model and full-scale testing. Nevertheless, much remains to be understood on the aerodynamics of downwind sails and their flow structures. In this paper, a detailed review of the different flow features of downwind sails, including the effect of separation bubbles and leading-edge vortices will be discussed. New experimental measurements of the flow field around a highly cambered thin circular arc geometry, representative of a bi-dimensional section of a spinnaker, will also be presented here for the first time. These results allow interpretation of some inconsistent data from past experiments and simulations, and to provide guidance for future model testing and sail design.
Música y lengua de signos a cuatro voces, una experiencia educativa y musical para la inclusión
Authors: Juan Morera Borja , Nadal García Iciar , López Casanova Belén
Published: June 2020

El binomio lengua de signos y música está adquiriendo cada vez más presencia en nuestra sociedad gracias a los medios de comunicación, las redes sociales y, en especial, YouTube. Existe un escaso número de investigaciones que traten el tema en profundidad. En este artículo, se presenta una investigación de corte cualitativo, a través de un estudio de caso sobre el Coro Inclusivo Cantatutti que signa “a voces” la música polifónica, para acercar a personas con y sin discapacidad auditiva a la compresión de este estilo musical. El objetivo principal de nuestra investigación ha consistido en conocer la incidencia que produce en el intérprete y en el espectador, con y sin discapacidad auditiva, la música polifónica signada a cuatro voces. Tras el análisis de los resultados obtenidos durante el proceso, se puede concluir que esta música amplía el acceso a la cultura a las personas sordas y refuerza el concepto de forma visual a personas sin discapacidad auditiva.
KONCEPT STRAHA U FRANCUSKOJ I SRPSKOJ SOMATSKOJ FRAZEOLOGIJI
Authors: Miljković Nađa S. , Jovanović Ivan N.
Published: June 2020

U radu se, kontrastivnim pristupom, na semantičkom i konceptualnomplanu analiziraju francuski i srpski frazeologizmi kojise odnose na emociju straha manifestovanog telesnim putem. Smatrajućistrah za jednu od najvažnijih emocija za opstanak čoveka,ona obuhvata veliki broj frazeologizama u svakodnevnici francuskogi srpskog jezika. Želimo da pokažemo na koji način se somatičnostlingvističkog izražavanja koncepta straha realizuje u vidutelesnih reakcija. U svetlu kognitivne teorije konceptualizacije i polingvističkom modelu konceptualne metafore Džordža Lejkofa iMarka Džonsona (1980), analizirani korpus razvrstan je po konceptualnimpoljima na koja metaforički referiraju frazeologizmi.Prvu grupu čini konceptualno polje STRAH JE HLADNOĆA, uokviru kojeg frazeologizmi upućuju na negativan osećaj fizičkehladnoće. Druga grupa obuhvata konceptualno polje STRAH JESLABOST, u kojoj frazeologizmi metaforički opisuju trenutni prekidrada spoljašnjih i unutrašnjih organa. Treća grupa predstavljakonceptualno polje STRAH JE NEPRIJATELJ, gde se ova emocijau frazeološkom kontekstu manifestuje kao teret ili natprirodnobiće koje može da manipuliše svojim objektom, da ga napadne iliga natera na beg.
THE USE OF INTERACTIVE METADISCOURSE IN SERBIAN STUDENTS’ WRITING IN ENGLISH
Authors: Radonja Minja S.
Published: June 2020

Writing can be very demanding, especially if it is done in aforeign language. What can make writing even more difficult aredifferent writing traditions in L1 and L2 languages. Having that inmind, the aim of this paper is to establish to what degree isstudents’ usage of discourse markers successful in organizing theirideas in argumentative essays in the target language. In otherwords, this research sets out to determine how well Serbianstudents of the English language employ resources available tothem to anticipate the readers’ needs and guide the readersthrough their writing. The theoretical background for this researchis Hyland’s (2010) interpersonal model of metadiscourse, moreprecisely, interactive resources, whose purpose is to guide thereaders through the text. These include transitions, framemarkers, endophoric markers, evidentials, and code glosses. Thispaper hopes to provide new insights into Serbian students’ writingin English.
ЈУРИДИЧКА ПРИРОДА УЧЕЊА ЖАНА КАЛВИНА
Authors: Шољевић Саша А.
Published: June 2020

У овом раду аутор пише о учењу Жана Калвина, које одли-кује јуридички начин мишљења, дакле свођење хришћанства насистем морала и законских прописа. Изграђујући своју верскузаједницу у Женеви, Калвин је светотајински живот замениопроповедањем Речи Божје. Његово деловање сведочи о временуреформације и о виђењу Цркве искључиво као структуре власти,чији jе однос према свету изражен правним појмовима. Калвинне познаје лични однос Бога и човека, не познаје појам си-нергије, за њега човек није способан да слободно учествује утајни спасења. Напротив, Калвин учи о предестинацији, супрот-стављајући човековој грешности веру у Божју милост. Пошто је,према његовом схватању, људски род искварен, предестинираноспасење само малог броја људи несумњиво је израз Божје мило-сти. Калвинизам такође учи о оправдању вером, одбацујући уче-ње о оправдању добрим делима, јер човек своје спасење може дазаснује само на Божјој милости. Идеал калвинизма је друштвокоје тежи материјалном богатству, у коме живе разборити људи,способни да своју природу обуздају стрпљивим радом. Приме-њујући свој верски систем, Жан Калвин је изградио нову скалуморалних вредности и нови систем друштвеног управљања.
НЕКЕ ДИДАКТИЧКО-МЕТОДИЧКЕ СПЕЦИФИЧНОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЈЕ И РЕАЛИЗАЦИЈЕ НАСТАВЕ У КОМБИНОВАНИМ ОДЈЕЉЕЊИМА
Authors: Драгић Желимир Ж. , Јењић Славиша В.
Published: June 2020

Комбинована одјељења представљају одјељења састав-љена од два или више разреда са којима у исто вријеме ради је-дан учитељ. Организација рада у оваквим одјељењима тешка jeи сложена, од припремања до евалуације. У мањим насељимаили селима организује се овакав наставни рад, првенствено збогмалог броја ученика у одјељењима. У овом раду указано је нанеке дидактичко-методичке карактеристике наставног рада уоваквим одјељењима. Односе се на одређене методичке захтјевеили правила којих се треба придржавати, оптерећење ученика ускладу са распоредом часова, као и на реализацију садржаја раз-редне наставе у комбинованим одјељењима. Поред тога, ауториу раду указују на предности диференцијације и индивидуализа-ције наставе у комбинованим одјељењима, као и на социјализа-цију ученика у овако организованој настави.
ПРОУЧАВАЊЕ ДУБРОВАЧКЕ КЊИЖЕВНОСТИ У СРБА
Authors: Бартула Владан П.
Published: June 2020

У издању Филолошког факултета Универзитета у Београду, изашлаје недавно капитална студија под насловом Дубровачка књижевност усрпској историји књижевности – речник проучавалаца. Књига је требалода се појави у 2016. години, како и стоји на насловној страници, али јеусљед издавачких и штампарских проблема изашла 2018. Одговорниуредник и редактор издања је академик Злата Бојовић, а стручни тимкоји је с њом заједно радио на састављању и објављивању овог Речникасачињавају угледни српски професори и научници: академик БранкоЛетић, Бојан Ђорђевић, Гордана Покрајац, Славко Петаковић, МирјанаАрежина, Тања Ракић.
Quantitative modeling of the effect of antigen dosage on B-cell affinity distributions in maturating germinal centers
Authors: Molari Marco , Eyer Klaus , Baudry Jean , Cocco Simona , Monasson Rémi
Published: June 2020

Affinity maturation is a complex dynamical process allowing the immune system to generate antibodies capable of recognizing antigens. We introduce a model for the evolution of the distribution of affinities across the antibody population in germinal centers. The model is amenable to detailed mathematical analysis and gives insight on the mechanisms through which antigen availability controls the rate of maturation and the expansion of the antibody population. It is also capable, upon maximum-likelihood inference of the parameters, to reproduce accurately the distributions of affinities of IgG-secreting cells we measure in mice immunized against Tetanus Toxoid under largely varying conditions (antigen dosage, delay between injections). Both model and experiments show that the average population affinity depends non-monotonically on the antigen dosage. We show that combining quantitative modeling and statistical inference is a concrete way to investigate biological processes underlying affinity maturation (such as selection permissiveness), hardly accessible through measurements.
HIV-1 Vpr induces cell cycle arrest and enhances viral gene expression by depleting CCDC137
Authors: Zhang Fengwen , Bieniasz Paul D
Published: June 2020

The HIV-1 Vpr accessory protein induces ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation of many cellular proteins by recruiting them to a cullin4A-DDB1-DCAF1 complex. In so doing, Vpr enhances HIV-1 gene expression and induces (G2/M) cell cycle arrest. However, the identities of Vpr target proteins through which these biological effects are exerted are unknown. We show that a chromosome periphery protein, CCDC137/cPERP-B, is targeted for depletion by HIV-1 Vpr, in a cullin4A-DDB1-DCAF1 dependent manner. CCDC137 depletion caused G2/M cellcycle arrest, while Vpr-resistant CCDC137 mutants conferred resistance to Vpr-induced G2/M arrest. CCDC137 depletion also recapitulated the ability of Vpr to enhance HIV-1 gene expression, particularly in macrophages. Our findings indicate that Vpr promotes cell-cycle arrest and HIV-1 gene expression through depletion of CCDC137.
PreBötzinger complex neurons drive respiratory modulation of blood pressure and heart rate
Authors: Menuet Clément , Connelly Angela A , Bassi Jaspreet K , Melo Mariana R , Le Sheng , Kamar Jessica , Kumar Natasha N , McDougall Stuart J , McMullan Simon , Allen Andrew M
Published: June 2020

Heart rate and blood pressure oscillate in phase with respiratory activity. A component of these oscillations is generated centrally, with respiratory neurons entraining the activity of pre-sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiovascular neurons. Using a combination of optogenetic inhibition and excitation in vivo and in situ in rats, as well as neuronal tracing, we demonstrate that preBötzinger Complex (preBötC) neurons, which form the kernel for inspiratory rhythm generation, directly modulate cardiovascular activity. Specifically, inhibitory preBötC neurons modulate cardiac parasympathetic neuron activity whilst excitatory preBötC neurons modulate sympathetic vasomotor neuron activity, generating heart rate and blood pressure oscillations in phase with respiration. Our data reveal yet more functions entrained to the activity of the preBötC, with a role in generating cardiorespiratory oscillations. The findings have implications for cardiovascular pathologies, such as hypertension and heart failure, where respiratory entrainment of heart rate is diminished and respiratory entrainment of blood pressure exaggerated.
Isolation and transcriptomic analysis of Anopheles gambiae oenocytes enables the delineation of hydrocarbon biosynthesis
Authors: Grigoraki Linda , Grau-Bové Xavier , Carrington Yates Henrietta , Lycett Gareth J , Ranson Hilary
Published: June 2020

The surface of insects is coated in cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs); variations in the composition of this layer affect a range of traits including adaptation to arid environments and defence against pathogens and toxins. In the African malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae quantitative and qualitative variance in CHC composition have been associated with speciation, ecological habitat and insecticide resistance. Understanding how these modifications arise will inform us of how mosquitoes are responding to climate change and vector control interventions. CHCs are synthesised in sub-epidermal cells called oenocytes that are very difficult to isolate from surrounding tissues. Here we utilise a transgenic line with fluorescent oenocytes to purify these cells for the first time. Comparative transcriptomics revealed the enrichment of biological processes related to long chain fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis and elongation of mono-, poly-unsaturated and saturated fatty acids and enabled us to delineate, and partially validate, the hydrocarbon biosynthetic pathway in An. gambiae.
Genome annotation across species using deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Khodabandelou Ghazaleh , Routhier Etienne , Mozziconacci Julien
Published: June 2020

Application of deep neural network is a rapidly expanding field now reaching many disciplines including genomics. In particular, convolutional neural networks have been exploited for identifying the functional role of short genomic sequences. These approaches rely on gathering large sets of sequences with known functional role, extracting those sequences from whole-genome-annotations. These sets are then split into learning, test and validation sets in order to train the networks. While the obtained networks perform well on validation sets, they often perform poorly when applied on whole genomes in which the ratio of positive over negative examples can be very different than in the training set. We here address this issue by assessing the genome-wide performance of networks trained with sets exhibiting different ratios of positive to negative examples. As a case study, we use sequences encompassing gene starts from the RefGene database as positive examples and random genomic sequences as negative examples. We then demonstrate that models trained using data from one organism can be used to predict gene-start sites in a related species, when using training sets providing good genome-wide performance. This cross-species application of convolutional neural networks provides a new way to annotate any genome from existing high-quality annotations in a related reference species. It also provides a way to determine whether the sequence motifs recognised by chromatin-associated proteins in different species are conserved or not.