bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of ambient pressure on propagation characteristics and laws of air blast waves
Authors: Deng Fei , Xiao Wei , Song Min , Zhang Yuancheng
Published: November 2021

It is important to study the effect of ambient pressure on air blasts, and the explosion process of TNT explosives was calculated by using the AutoDyn-2D software in this paper. Moreover, the explosion parameters under different ambient pressure conditions were predicted, and the propagation characteristics and laws of the air blast waves were obtained. The results showed that the overpressure of the incident wave, reflected wave, and Mach wave was positively related to the ambient pressure. High ambient pressure resulted in a decrease in the barotropic time and velocity of the incident wave, but its impulse increased. The wavefront of the Mach wave propagated in a curved form, and the pressure distribution on the Mach stem was not uniform. The height of the triple points was inversely proportional to the increase in the ambient pressure, and this trend was significant with the increase in the distance.
What eats a cauliflower coral? An assessment of predation on the endangered temperate soft coral,
Authors: Finlay-Jones H. , Raoult V. , Harasti D. , Gaston T. F.
Published: November 2021

Temperate soft corals are found in many estuaries around the world and often form large habitats in these environments, yet the functional ecology of soft corals is poorly understood. To understand the functional role of a soft coral in temperate ecosystems, we examined the role of the endangered Dendronepthya australis cauliflower coral as habitat for fishes and invertebrates, and whether associated species used the soft coral as a food source. Using Bayesian stable isotope mixing models of δ13C and δ15N values of soft corals and a suite of potential invertebrate consumers, we found that five of eight soft-coral-associated invertebrates were all likely to be feeding almost exclusively on the soft corals. In situ feeding experiments conducted using baited remote underwater video systems (BRUVS) with soft coral cuttings as ‘bait’ did not identify any larger species as consumers. Fish assemblages studied using remote underwater video systems (RUVS) were diverse in the soft coral habitat and overlapped with assemblages of both sediment and seagrass environments. These results highlighted that these soft corals have a valuable trophic role in estuarine food webs through trophic transfer of nutrients via invertebrate consumers, and that soft coral habitats are used by commercially and recreationally important fishes.
Quantum magnetic imaging of iron organelles within the pigeon cochlea
Authors: de Gille Robert W. , McCoey Julia M. , Hall Liam T. , Tetienne Jean-Philippe , Malkemper E. Pascal , Keays David A. , Hollenberg Lloyd C. L. , Simpson David A.
Published: November 2021

Significance

Cuticulosomes are subcellular structures located within the inner ear hair cells of a variety of avian species with potential relevance to magnetoreception. Here we apply quantum magnetic microscopy to image the magnetic properties of individual iron cuticulosomes within tissue samples. The magnetic susceptibility of the cuticulosomes was determined by characterizing the stray magnetic field strength as a function of applied magnetic field in two distinct locations of the pigeon inner ear. The measured susceptibilities do not support the particle model of magnetoreception, suggesting the physiological relevance of cuticulosomes lies in iron storage or stabilization of stereocilia. The quantum magnetic imaging method can be applied across a variety of biological systems providing an effective tool to screen for magnetic particle–based magnetoreceptors.
Positionally-sensitive action-ascription
Authors: Deppermann Arnulf , Gubina Alexandra
Published: November 2021

Schegloff (1996) has argued that grammars are
“positionally-sensitive”, implying that the situated use and understanding of linguistic formats depends on their
sequential position. Analyzing the German format Kannst du X? (corresponding to English Can you
X?) based on 82 instances from a large corpus of talk-in-interaction (FOLK), this paper shows how
different action-ascriptions to turns using the same format depend on various orders of context. We show that not only
sequential position, but also epistemic status, interactional histories, multimodal conduct, and linguistic devices
co-occurring in the same turn are decisive for the action implemented by the format. The range of actions performed with
Kannst du X? and their close interpretive interrelationship suggest that they should not be
viewed as a fixed inventory of context-dependent interpretations of the format. Rather, the format provides for a
root-interpretation that can be adapted to local contextual contingencies, yielding situated action-ascriptions that
depend on constraints created by contexts of use.
Recordings of action potentials, charge movements, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release in isolated adult zebrafish fast skeletal muscle fibers reveals very fast kinetics of excitation–contraction coupling
Authors: Idoux Romane , Berthier Christine , Jacquemond Vincent , Allard Bruno
Published: November 2021

The zebrafish has emerged as a very relevant animal model to decipher the pathophysiology of human muscle disorders. However, the vast majority of studies on zebrafish skeletal muscle have investigated genetic, histological, and molecular aspects, but functional approaches at the cellular level, especially in the field of excitation–contraction (EC) coupling, are scarcer and generally limited to cultured myotubes or fibers from embryonic zebrafish. Considering that zebrafish undergoes profound metamorphosis during transition from larval to adult stage and that number of muscle pathologies come up at ages far beyond embryonic stages, there is an actual need to investigate EC coupling in fully differentiated zebrafish skeletal muscle. In the present study, we were able to implement current and voltage clamp combined with intracellular Ca2+ measurements using the intracellularly loaded Ca2+ dye indo-1 in enzymatically isolated fast skeletal muscle fibers from 1-yr old zebrafish. Recording of action potentials (AP) in current-clamp conditions revealed very fast kinetics of the repolarization phase of AP. Measurements of intramembrane charge movements in voltage-clamp conditions showed that charge movement density was half that measured in mammalian fibers, but they displayed much faster kinetics. Ca2+ transients elicited by depolarization displayed a voltage-dependent phase of activation and voltage- and time-dependent phase of inactivation. Recording of Ca2+ signals elicited by trains of AP at different rates in current-clamp conditions indicated that Ca2+ signals fused at very high stimulation frequencies with no sign of Ca2+ signal decay for the entire 0.5 s duration of the stimulation, giving evidence that fibers were still able to generate AP and the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release Ca2+ with stimulation rates as high as 200 Hz. These data indicate that adult zebrafish fast skeletal muscle fibers exhibit strikingly fast kinetics of EC coupling from AP firing to charge movements and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release.
Exercise attenuates juvenile irradiation-induced skeletal muscle decline by improving calcium handling and decreasing mitochondrial stress
Authors: O’Connor Thomas N. , Kallenbach Jacob G. , Dirksen Robert T. , Chakkalakal Joe V.
Published: November 2021

Proper skeletal muscle development, maintenance, and function is necessary for movement. Decline in muscle function with age and disease is directly associated with a diminished quality of life. Radiation therapy is commonly used to treat certain forms of childhood cancer based on the cytotoxic effects of radiation on cancerous tissue. However, the adverse effects elicited by radiation are not always constrained to the diseased tissue and can accelerate muscle wasting and decline, which is particularly detrimental to juvenile cancer survivors. Exercise is effective at limiting muscle decline and improving muscle function in various diseases. Thus, we hypothesized 1 mo of voluntary endurance exercise following juvenile radiation treatment will reduce muscle damage and restore functional deficits that occur following radiation. Here, we show that following juvenile radiation, 1 mo of voluntary wheel running significantly improved muscle function in mice by promoting adaptations in intracellular calcium handling, improving mitochondrial turnover and reducing oxidative stress resulting from radiation-induced mitochondrial damage. These findings help guide caregivers in their approach to childhood cancer survivor recovery and have implications for other diseases where similar mechanisms of calcium handling and mitochondrial function are disrupted.
A non-transmembrane channel formed by Ca2+-bound calsequestrin-2
Authors: Fan Xue-Xin , Liu Zihao , Yu Hua , Huang Xinyi , Song Chen , Guo Xuefeng , Wang Shi-Qiang
Published: November 2021

Although it is well known that ion channels conduct ions across biomembranes, whether ions are conducted by some non-membrane proteins is not known because of the lack of a detection method. Calsequestrin-2 (CSQ2) is a sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-binding protein suppling Ca2+ for the ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release during the excitation–contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes. CSQ2 mutations, even in some heterozygous occasions, causes catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT2), suggesting that CSQ2 may function beyond a Ca2+ buffer. Here, we identify a non-transmembrane channel in Ca2+-enriched CSQ2 dimers, which facilitates fast Ca2+ mobilization. Using crystallography, we solved the high-resolution structure of Ca2+-bound CSQ2 and discovered that the negatively charged residues at the dimer interface encompassed a tubular channel-like structure, dubbed “tunnel,” in which ∼15 Ca2+ ions aligned across the ∼5 nm tunnel path. To determine the potential tunnel conductance, we developed a graphene-based nanoelectronic technology to connect a CSQ2 dimer into a nanocircuit. In the Tyrode solution containing 1 mM Ca2+, a CSQ2 dimer exhibited a conductance one order of magnitude higher than the background level. This conductance was Ca2+ dependent, and was largely suppressed by the single-residue mutation D309N at the bottleneck region of the tunnel path, indicating that the tunnel conducted Ca2+ fluxes. When the D309N mutant CSQ2 was expressed in wild-type rat cardiomyocytes by adenoviral vectors, isoproterenol treatment induced chaotic Ca2+ waves, delayed after-depolarizations and trigged activities resembling those occurring in CPVT2 models. This dominant negative effect of CSQ2 mutation agreed well with our structural observation that CSQ2 tunnels were interconnected to form a tunnel network. Taken together, these results revealed that CSQ2 builds a nano-highway network for energy-efficient Ca2+ mobilization in the SR. Factors that block the Ca2+ highway may lead to arrhythmogenesis.
On the hydrogen atom in the holographic universe
Authors: Jalalzadeh S , Abarghouei Nejad S , Moniz P V
Published: November 2021

We investigate the holographic bound utilizing a homogeneous, isotropic, and non-relativistic neutral hydrogen gas present in the de Sitter space. Concretely, we propose to employ de Sitter holography intertwined with quantum deformation of the hydrogen atom using the framework of quantum groups. Particularly, the



q

(
so
(
4
)
)

quantum algebra is used to construct a finite-dimensional Hilbert space of the hydrogen atom. As a consequence of the quantum deformation of the hydrogen atom, we demonstrate that the Rydberg constant is dependent on the de Sitter radius, L
Λ. This feature is then extended to obtain a finite-dimensional Hilbert space for the full set of all hydrogen atoms in the de Sitter universe. We then show that the dimension of the latter Hilbert space satisfies the holographic bound. We further show that the mass of a hydrogen atom

m

atom

, the total number of hydrogen atoms at the Universe, N, and the retrieved dimension of the Hilbert space of neutral hydrogen gas,

Dim



bulk

, are related to the de Sitter entropy,

S

dS

, the Planck mass,

m

Planck

, the electron mass,

m

e

, and the proton mass

m

p

, by

m

atom

≃

m

Planck

S

dS

−

1

6

,

N
≃

S

dS

2

3

and

Dim



bulk

=

2

m

e

m

p

α

2

S

dS

, respectively.
Microscopic study of higher-order deformation effects on the ground states of superheavy nuclei around 270Hs *
Authors: Wang Xiao-Qian , Sun Xiang-Xiang , Zhou Shan-Gui
Published: November 2021

We investigate the effects of higher-order deformations

(

and 10) on the ground state properties of superheavy nuclei (SHN) near the doubly magic deformed nucleus

using the multidimensionally-constrained relativistic mean-field (MDC-RMF) model with five effective interactions: PC-PK1, PK1, NL3*, DD-ME2, and PKDD. The doubly magic properties of

include large energy gaps at

and

in the single-particle spectra. By investigating the binding energies and single-particle levels of

in the multidimensional deformation space, we find that, among these higher-order deformations, the deformation

has the greatest impact on the binding energy and influences the shell gaps considerably. Similar conclusions hold for other SHN near

. Our calculations demonstrate that the deformation

must be considered when studying SHN using MDC-RMF.
Skeletal muscle mass index by bioelectrical impedance analysis of self-supporting adults aged 60 years
Authors: González-Correa C H , Pineda-Zuluaga M C , Sepúlveda-Gallego L E
Published: November 2021

Data on the prevalence of sarcopenia may differ in the same population depending on the reference values used. It is recommended to have reference values obtained from the same population. In Colombia, skeletal muscle mass (SMM) parameters are scarce. The objective was to establish normal values for the skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) and reference values for loss of muscle mass through bioelectric impedance analysis to improve the diagnosis of sarcopenia in the region. This study involved 237 healthy community-dwelling adults over 60 years old. The cut-off values for diagnosis of loss of muscle mass were stablished as the mean -2SD of the population evaluated. The group included 141 females and 96 males. The mean of SMMI were 7.5 ± 0.7 and 9.6 ± 0.8 kg/m2 for women and men, respectively. The cut-off thresholds for low SMMI were 6.1 kg/m2 and 8.0 kg/m2 in females and males. The SMMI values of the self-support elderly found in this study are useful to determine when people have a muscle mass within normal limits and when they could be at risk of or have sarcopenia. Further studies from different regions of this high-rate biodiversity country are recommended to obtain national reference values.
Non-invasive blood pressure as an application of electrical impedance: a short review
Authors: Romero-Beltrán C A , González-Vargas A M , Cabrera-López J J
Published: November 2021

Electrical bioimpedance (EBI) has gained importance as a diagnostic technique in medicine to determine the electrical properties of tissues. For example, it has been used in tissue characterization, cancer detection, and electromyography. Some of the characteristics of EBI are its low cost, the absence of irradiation during the measurement process, and its non-invasive nature. In this sense, there is interest in developing medical equipment that performs non-invasive measurements of blood pressure (BP). Electrical Impedance Plethysmography (EIP) is a technique commonly used to extract the waveform associated with BP. In this short review, we will cover research articles published in peer-reviewed journals during the last decades, and show developments in the area of EIP, with a brief discussion of relevant results and current challenges.
Design proposal of a DNA biosensor by means of relative bioimpedance measurements and genetic amplification: preliminary results
Authors: Ames-Lastra G , Castillo-Salazar I A , Hernández-Nava A , Sánchez V , Gómez-López M , Sánchez J , Pérez-Vielma N , González-Díaz C A
Published: November 2021

In this work, we propose the instrumentation of a DNA biosensor whose detection technique is based on relative bioimpedance measurements. The scope of this work is to report the preliminary results of an initial functional test using two samples: milli-q water and saline solution.
Clothoid curve optimization for parallel parking path planning and tracking control
Authors: Zhao Feiying , Huang Kaiqi
Published: November 2021

In order to solve the problem of abrupt curvature change at the connection between arcs and straight lines in circle-line-circle (C-L-C) combined parallel parking paths, curvature optimization was carried out by using a cycloid curve, and the trajectory curvature and heading Angle were made to meet the pose requirements of parallel parking. By establishing the kinematics model state equation and taking the optimized C-L-C trajectory as the reference trajectory, the error model was obtained. The model predictive controller based on the error model was designed, and the effectiveness of the path planning and model predictive controller was verified on Carsim and Matlab/Simulink co-simulation platform.
Human Behavior Recognition Method based on Two-layer LSTM Network with Attention Mechanism
Authors: Gao Zhijun , Gu Qiaoyu , Han Zhonghua
Published: November 2021

Aiming at the problem that the exiting human skeleton-based action recognition methods cannot fully extract the relevant information before and after the action, resulting in low utilization efficiency of skeleton points, we propose a two-layer LSTM (long short term memory) network with attention mechanism. The network has two layers, the first LSTM network is used for skeleton coding and initialization of system storage units and the second LSTM network integrates attention mechanism to further process the data of the first layer network. An algorithm is designed to assign different weights to skeleton points according to the importance of human body, which greatly increases the recognition accuracy. Action classification is accomplished by multiple support vector machines. Through training and testing, the average recognition rate of 98.5% is achieved on KTH dataset. The experimental result shows that the proposed method is effective in human behavior recognition.
Research on the Controlling Process in Autonomous Driving
Authors: Xiao Chuyu
Published: November 2021

With the development of science and technology, self-driving automobile will become increasingly available in the future, and our lives will become more convenient with them. Autocar is in an area of robotics, belonging to the service field. It can be used to make our lives better and reduce the cost of human driving the car, thus will have a great effect on human’s life. However, people do not understand the mechanism of self-driving quite clearly, it is necessary to present some basic operating process and related algorithms of the automatic cars. Meanwhile, in order to show how a self-driving car could control itself using various sensors and algorithms, which is also the basic idea of the automobile company to make a new autocar. Different sensors that are able to detect the behavior of the self-driving cars are used in this paper to fit in different algorithm that follows the principles of motion and robotics. It is concluded that the car could theoretically drive safely, and could avoid crashing to other cars, people or barriers with the safety algorithm. Also, the car could follow the traffic rules properly and plan the most efficient route to get to the final location.
An Improved Cuckoo Search Clustering Method for Line Loss Data of Transformer District with DGs
Authors: Yu Lingang , Wu Dongwen , Hu Zhiqiang , Yu Aiqing , Zhu Liang , Wang Jun
Published: November 2021

For the low-voltage transformer district with distributed generations (DGs), the traditional theoretical calculation method of line loss is not applicable. This paper presents a novel clustering method for line loss data of transformer district with DGs, which combined an improved Cuckoo Search algorithm and K-Means clustering algorithm. Firstly, the influence factors of line loss are screened based on the maximum information coefficient, and the line loss index system is established. Secondly, an improved cuckoo search clustering algorithm is proposed to cluster the sample data set to reduce the dependence on the initial clustering center. Finally, the simulation results of 410 samples from a certain area with photovoltaic power supply show the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method. The simulation results show that the proposed method is accurate and effective.
Bluetooth Low Energy Error Correction Based on Convolutional Coding
Authors: Cao Yue , Liu Zaixin , Wu Longyu
Published: November 2021

Contemporarily, the Internet of Things (IoT) is recently a newly emerging technology for connecting small devices into a platform; the IoT has been an increasingly demanded front-edge technology in terms of connecting different devices using information transmission and storage technology. To adapt to the small capacities of device batteries, Bluetooth Low Energy is adopted as the protocol of communication. However, the existing standards do not have a suitable and specific error correction method. As there is no ideal information transmission channel, there must be errors that occurred during message transmission. The performance and capacity of error correction become decisive factors in evaluating how efficient the IoT communication system performs. This article uses convolutional coding—a better-performing coding scheme than block coding—to correct errors in information transmission and reception on Internet of Things devices. It is better competent to control and correct bit errors in information transmission. To achieve this goal, convolutional coding algorithms devised by Dr Justin Coon at the University of Oxford have been referred to. By simulation using MATLAB, it has been found that the error rate is enhanced significantly for high Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in convolutional codes compared to uncoded messages.
On Simulation and Experiment of Flow Field of Combustion Coal Fallout Detection Instrument Based on CFD
Authors: Sang Yaoshuo , Yan Qiunan , Liu Yong , Zhang Long , Li Zhigang , Ye Chao , Guo Chaohao
Published: November 2021

In order to further improve accuracy and stability of detection of combustion coal fallout propensity of cigarettes, author of the paper adopted computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology for a three-dimensional numerical simulation of exhaust system of detection instrument, aiming to study characteristics of flow field near cigarettes. Moreover, a simulation model of eight-channel exhaust enclosure was established, obtaining vector diagram for flow velocity of flow field, velocity contour diagram, and pressure distribution cloud diagram. According to findings, flow field of eight channels is evenly distributed, with slow flow velocity around the instrument but furious inside channels. The wind velocity of cigarette monitoring channel is stable at about 200mm/s specified as per standard. However, there is significant change in pressure and flow velocity at the corners of channels, causing local turbulence. In experiments, average wind velocity of 8 monitoring channels was measured, and simulation results were compared with experiment data. Eventually, a conclusion is drawn that simulation result at cigarette monitoring channels changes consistently with the experimental data, with small errors as a whole. Therefore, the designed exhaust system complies with regulations on wind velocity stipulated by YC/T558-2018 Cigarettes—Determination of Combustion Coal Fallout Propensity of Burning Cigarettes. In a word, this paper is hoped to provide technical support for analogue simulation of exhaust system of cigarette detection instrument, and improve detection accuracy.
Numerical Comparison of Transpiration Cooling Designs Using Real Gas Effects and Approximate Gas Model
Authors: Wang Meng , Wang Jianhua , He Fei , Qian Kang , Wu Yadong , Zhu Guangsheng
Published: November 2021

In the severe high-temperature environment caused by aerodynamic heating, the vibrational excitation, dissociation and ionization of gas may successively occur, which are known as real gas effects. Under the real gas effects, the thermodynamic properties of gas vary drastically and significantly influence the performances of the active thermal protection system of hypersonic vehicles, especially in the case with coolant outflow, for example transpiration cooling. This paper numerically investigates the transpiration cooling performance with the consideration of the interaction between coolant outflow and hypersonic flow under the real gas effects. The mathematical models and coupled numerical strategy are firstly validated by experimental data, then the influences of real gas effects on the transpiration cooling of a wedged leading edge (WLE) are studied under a flight Mach number range from 8 to 12 and a flight height of 40 km. The analysis and discussions of the numerical results reveal some important phenomena and demonstrate the need to consider real gas effects.
The effective mass problem for the Landau–Pekar equations
Authors: Feliciangeli Dario , Rademacher Simone , Seiringer Robert
Published: November 2021

We provide a definition of the effective mass for the classical polaron described by the Landau–Pekar (LP) equations. It is based on a novel variational principle, minimizing the energy functional over states with given (initial) velocity. The resulting formula for the polaron’s effective mass agrees with the prediction by LP (1948 J. Exp. Theor. Phys.
18 419–423).
Solid Waste Management in the Construction Sector: A Prerequisite for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Prema E.
Published: November 2021

The Indian construction industry contributes nearly 5% - 6% to the Nation’s GDP and is one of the largest in the world economy. The building and construction sector is one of the essential industries contributing highly towards environmental impacts. Balancing development at all stages with environmental protection is the prime aim of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The construction sector paves the way for greater economic development in a country and thus has an obligation to protect the environment against degradation. A few of the notable SDG’s relating to the construction and building sectors concerning the environment and climate change issues are SDG 11-Sustainable Cities and Communities, SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation, SDG7- Affordable and Clean Energy. Solid waste management is very crucial as the solid waste from construction sites highly degrade the environment. Using of green resources of constructing buildings may reduce the energy efficiency and after construction can reduce the carbon emission. But the construction materials which are not disposed properly have become a moot question on the effectiveness of the existing regulations and the legislations. The solid wastes which are disposed in unregulated dumps or when openly burned may lead to serious health issues, effect the safety and results in environmental degradation. This solid waste, when disposed of, emits gases like methane, carbon and contributes to global climate change. India has an obligation to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, by balancing development and environmental protection. This paper will analyse the existing legislation relating to solid waste management, its effectiveness in regulating the construction sector and how far they comply with the international standard or requirement in protecting the environment. This research is conducted by analysing existing judgments, legislations, national reports as primary data. United Nations and its specialised agencies reports are utilised as secondary data.
Trend Analysis of Sulphur Dioxide in Bangalore & Effectiveness of Control Measures
Authors: Soundarya N
Published: November 2021

Bangalore is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka. Many public sector businesses and R&D organisations, such as Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Indian Space Research Organisation, Airbus, Boeing, General Electric (GE), Nokia, Toyota, and others, are housed here. Bangalore is known as India’s ‘Silicon Valley’, as it is home to many information technology (IT) enterprises. It is classified as a ‘non-attainment city’, meaning that pollution levels do not match the Central Pollution Control Board’s (CPCB) criteria. A high-level computer language called PYTHON was used to draw the trends of the air quality data collected over a 15-year period (2004-2019). PYTHON was used to clean, group, sort and aggregate the collected data to obtain the exceedance factor and draw the trend graphs. The policies of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) were examined to better understand the pattern. Over the years, the CPCB and the KSPCB have established a number of policies and guidelines, and the success or failure of these policies was examined in order to gain a better knowledge of the control measures. This report lays the groundwork for future policy implementation in other cities.
Model development and simulation of vehicle suspension system with magneto-rheological damper
Authors: Vaishnav Sarthak , Paul Jerry , Deivanathan R
Published: November 2021

A vehicle suspension system is designed to maintain directional control (road holding) during manoeuvring or braking while supporting the vehicle’s weight and provide stability (handling). The structure of a suspension system consists of parts connecting the axle to wheel assembly and the chassis of an automobile, thus supporting engine, transmission system and vehicle load. Suspension system components consist of dampening devices, springs, steering knuckles, ball joints and spindles or axles. It could be designed according to a passive, semi-active or active mode of working. For evaluation, this assembly could be modelled as a spring-mass-damper system. The semi-active suspension system has been modelled with a magneto-rheological damper following the Bingham plastic theory. In this paper, the performance of a passive and a semi-active suspension of a quarter car model are compared by MATLAB simulation. Thus, a better suspension system is found out by simulating with different road conditions.
Study of signage design and information content for The Namtok Sai Khao National Park
Authors: Muekthong T
Published: November 2021

The Namtok Sai Khao National Park is one of the well-recognized national parks in Thailand’s southern region, accommodating both Thai and foreign visitors. Therefore, providing accurate and adequate information is essential to tourists and will enhance their travel experience. Signage is an essential tool to communicate information, rules and even reflect the appearance of the park. Data was gathered using two main methods: 1) visual content analysis of existing park signage; and, 2) and an on-site survey aimed at assessing user experience. Analysis of this data served as the basis for the development of a set of design guidelines aimed at improving the signage by restructuring the graphic elements and system and including greater support for foreign language visitors.
Sustainable housing as an approach to adaptive built environment to COVID-19 (case study: Keudah walk-up flat in Banda Aceh)
Authors: Erti Idawati Dyah
Published: November 2021

A home is one of the basic humans needs. In Covid 19 era, the conventional concept of a home has been challenged by the new face of requirement for covid 19 protocol. A home is not only functioned as a private individual domestic activity but it has also been used as a response of its new tasks as an office (WFH concept) or as a healing facility (self quarantine system). Another challenge for development nowadays is the limitation of natural resources. Thus, it is essensial that every development need to considered sustainable approach. This paper will explore on how sustainable approach implemented in walk-up flats and how the design adapts to global pandemic. Qualitative methods will be used with observation and interview as the main data collection. The finding of this study reveals that most of sustainable criteria has not yet implemented in Keudah walk-up flat. Accordingly, sets of design concepts for walk-up flats in Banda Aceh are proposed. Finally, the proposed concept can be used in the future, in order to adjust the need to prevent covid 19 as well as other pandemic in the future.
Redesigning space layout by considering thermal comfort and prevention of COVID-19 transmission in campus building
Authors: Arminda Wenny , Dwi Satria Widi , Kamaruddin Maqbul , Shoful Ulum M.
Published: November 2021

Lecture building is one of the important facilities in supporting the success of the teaching and learning process. The lecture room should be thermally comfortable and has a low risk of disease transmission. In adapting to the Covid-19 pandemic, attention to prevent disease transmission is necessary to the safety of students and lecturers while staying on campus. This study aims to propose a new concept design related to the arrangement of indoor layouts that minimize the crowds and reducing indoor air temperatures due to exposure to solar radiation on the east-west side of the building. The research was conducted by observing human movement patterns and measuring indoor air temperature and surface façade temperature adjacent to the outside environment. The results obtained that the average indoor air temperature was in the range between 28.8 - 33.2 °C, with a surface temperature on the east-west side, reaching 39.1 °C. The new design proposed the concept of one-way access by separating vertical and horizontal circulation, additional corridors, and rearranging the layout of lecture rooms to distinguish in-out access to minimize contact physical contact between building users.
Adaptation to study environmental challenges: COVID-19 and new norms
Authors: Nur Rukiah Mohd Arshard Wan , Rabiah Wan Omar Wan , Yuliana Samsudin Puteri , Diyana Mustapa Nor
Published: November 2021

This study defines the atmosphere of architecture students studying at home using ergonomic space in the house as a learning space during the covid-19 pandemic. Since the Movement Control Order (MCO) in March 2020, all public universities in Malaysia have made it mandatory for their students to study from home (SFH). The students have different study environments depending on their family economic background. Focussing on architecture students who are involved in designing works, they need a studio-like setting I space to place drafting materials and tools, computer or laptop and study and create furniture. This conducive studio setting is a crucial component in completing good architectural works within the given time frame. In response to SFH, this research explores students’ perceptions and experiences on their home ergonomic environments and their expectations for a better home study environment. The research applied a quantitative method where sample respondents are among new Architecture degree students of UiTM Perak Branch. The Questionnaires were distributed by email to all 400 potential respondents in the first semester, and 112 respondents completed the form within a given time. In general, results have found that respondents have mixed feelings about their perception of challenges SFH.
Building-integrated agriculture’s role in supporting urban food cycle
Authors: Adjie K R P , Srinaga F , Mensana A
Published: November 2021

Current urban food systems are categorized as unsustainable, for the well-being of urban consumers and the environment. Furthermore, health risks are higher in urban areas compared to rural areas. This is caused by soaring prices and difficulty of accessing nutritious food. Most of the raw produce sold in markets, lost half of their nutrients due to logistics from out of town, which results in high carbon footprint. On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic has created a shift within consumer behaviour that impacts health and waste. This phenomenon encouraged the authors to analyze effective food systems, in the design of building-integrated agriculture. The overall study questions criteria for sustainable processing, agriculture design strategies, and implementation of agriculture systems in urban space design. Research methods used are theoretical reviews, precedent study of Sunqiao Urban Agriculture District located in Shanghai, China and survey analysis conducted through online questionnaire. The results cover a set of conceptual strategies which include site design, mass compositions, spatial programming, lighting and ventilation, spatial forms, façade, and energy patterns which are then applied to create a building-integrated agriculture that plays a role in pandemic mitigation, community resilience, and promotes sustainable development within the food sector.
Investigating the potential of water supply system for environmental sustainability
Authors: Che Ahmad Asmalia , Hamimi Abdul Tharim Asniza , Haizam Mohamed Saraf Mohamad , Quzami An-Nuur Ahmad Radzi Mohamad , Abdullah Zaidi Meor Razali Meor , Ahmad Muhammad Ismail Zubir
Published: November 2021

The Royal Belum State Park (RBSP) is gazette as a reserve area in Malaysia is covered by 90% of forest and inhabited by mostly the Jahai tribes. One of the hardships of these indigenous Jahai is to retrieve drinkable water from clean water resource. Due to the constraint of development in the rural area of forest reserve RBSP, a sustainable water supply system project needs to ease the tribe. Hence, this study investigates the potential for a water supply system towards environmental sustainability as a starting point for an environmentally sustainable water supply project at RBSP. The investigation is conducted using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on the existing literature with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The statement review method from Scopus and Web of Science databases have recognized 12 out of 84 related research articles searched worldwide on a topic related to the rural sustainable water supply. Findings from the 12 sustainable water supply research articles reveal two main considerations in determining the water supply which are the local context and water sources availability. Hence, a site visit to RBSP is recommended to further investigate the potential water supply system towards environmental sustainability at the research location.
Sustainable waste management distribution in traditional marketplace during pandemic COVID-19. Case study: Pasar Al-Mahirah, Banda Aceh city, Indonesia
Authors: Rauzi E N , Sahputra Z , Pradika F Y , Zahrah A
Published: November 2021

Waste management has consistently been challenged around the globe for decades, yet sophisticated technology has not managed the pile of trash, particularly in developing countries. One of the most often produced waste is the traditional market. The study aims to identify how the conventional market disposes of its regular waste and investigate the space quality as a crowded place during the pandemic of Covid-19. The research method is observing and analysing a case study located in Banda Aceh City, Indonesia. Pasar Al-Mahirah is one of the traditional markets which distributing its complete regular waste directly to landfills. The result indicates that waste management is not sustainable because it lacks sorting and processing before. In terms of C-19 spreading, the space inside the building is vulnerable even though it has excellent natural ventilation and sunlight. This study performed a visual design solution for distributing waste inside the building, sustainable management based on 3R principle methods, and composting through aerobic methods for organic waste. Moreover, the stalls arrangement and the circulation for users are purposed in a layout plan to prevent a higher risk of the rising of Coronavirus transmissions.
The impact of regional development towards the well-being of rural community
Authors: Yusoff N S , Rashid M F , Halim N A
Published: November 2021

Since before the British rule, the issues and problems of urban transformation growth have continued until today, especially in rural areas and small towns. Rural communities also have undergone significant transformations in recent decades. There are positive and negative impacts on adaptation the growth of regional development that impact significantly on the rural community, which needs to be addressed to overcome the adverse effects on those that involved. This also included the changes in a case study of rural areas that have been chosen, which is located in sub-district that categorize under rural areas at Johor Bahru due to Iskandar Malaysia region expansions. Furthermore, the developmental transformation has mainly affected the changes in the socio-economic well-being of rural communities. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of studies on a factor of socio-economic well-being development in rural areas for creating a framework to measure the impact of regional development on the socio-economic well-being of the rural.
A framework for incorporating the global environment of rural community
Authors: Razali N M , Rashid M F
Published: November 2021

The major problem with economic capital in rural communities around the world is income. There are many challenges for rural communities to developing their socioeconomic sustainability with their limited recourse. The rural community in Malaysia is also facing problems as a result of the disparity in development between urban and rural regions, particularly in terms of public amenities, infrastructure, utilities, and economic opportunities. In addition, rural communities are also often marginalized due to global issues of insecurity as well as the various challenges they often face in improving the economy of rural areas. Rural communities also often face socioeconomic problems, such as marginalized households and having different socioeconomic backgrounds. The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors incorporating economic capital in assessing rural community resilience in term of socioeconomic background. Next this paper also discusses the method that will be implement in this study but the data collection not being conducted yet. This paper also provides a framework incorporating the factors of economic capital and variables of socioeconomic background. This framework will measure the relationship between economic capital and the socioeconomic background of the rural community. Using this framework, we will understand the relationship between economic capital and the socioeconomic background of rural communities.
Regulatory function of spatial structure on Ujung Pancu area, Aceh
Authors: Wulandari E , Zahriah Z , Fuady Z , Sabila F
Published: November 2021

Ujung Pancu is on the North coast of Aceh, known as one of three defense areas (Lhee Sagoe) during the Aceh Darussalam Kingdom, in 18-19 centuries guarding against enemy attacks from the sea, and the role of Hamzah Fansury in the 16-17 centuries. This area has destroyed when the tsunami disaster, causing some traces of the old city to be relatively lost but still can be traced. This paper aims to reconstruct and discuss the concept of Ujung Pancu spatial structure, especially Lam PageuVillage in the 18th century. It also will examine the approximate architecture of the Hamzah Fansury cultural site. This paper is considered essential as a historical study to bring back the experience of cultural sites as national personality assets under the UNESCO concept and has the opportunity to be a religious cultural tourism destination around Banda Aceh City, as well as being a location for religious relaxation in the face of the Covid 19 outbreak. This study uses exploration by exploring the potential of the natural environment and reconstructing the regional spatial organization system and spatial patterns. The results show that a) The area organizing system is very considerate of the coastal-bay-hills ecological aspect, with the orientation of the area towards the sea in the North-East, with the hills as natural fortresses in the West-Southern part, the three main spots are important areas with the system integrated location of each other; b) 3 important spots, namely: 1). the location of the cleric Hamzah Fansury’s hermitage on the hills, it is estimated that it also functions as a “reconnaissance” place; 2) Footprints of the harbor fort on the beach are inundated, 3) Coastal residential areas that are still ongoing today. The conclusion of the study, the regional spatial management system shows a spatial hierarchy based on security zones, the closer to the mountain the more private, and the closer to the beach the more common (profane). There is a synergy between the need to maintain regional space and natural character.
Evaluation of the implementation of sustainable transportation system in the green city concept in Banda Aceh City
Authors: Buraida  , Noer R , Fuady M , Ridwan N
Published: November 2021

Banda Aceh City has had an expansion and development plan towards a sustainable city with green city concept since 2012. Based on the green city concept, Banda Aceh City is planned to be an environmentally friendly city by utilizing water and energy resources effectively and efficiently, reducing waste, implementing an integrated transportation system, ensuring environmental health, synergizing the natural and artificial environment, based on urban planning and design in favor of the principles of sustainable development. But in reality there are still some problems such as the absence of adequate public transportation, the unbalanced length of the road with the growth in the number of vehicles so that the traffic flow is not smooth and causes traffic jams, pollution and air pollution. For this reason, this research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the implementation of a sustainable transportation system in Banda Aceh City so that achievements can be known by comparing the initial plan and implementation realization. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a gap analysis technique to compare the ideal conditions of a sustainable transportation system with the actual conditions in Banda Aceh City. The results show that the level of application has only reached 43.75% where all the models applied have not been implemented optimally.
Fast composting of food waste using thermal composter
Authors: Zaman B , Hardyanti N , Purwono P
Published: November 2021

Composting is an effective method to treat food waste. If food waste can be reduced from households, the transportation process to landfills can be reduced, cheaper costs, and the amount of waste in landfills. In this study, an innovative composting device-thermal composter was developed to accelerate the composting of food waste at home. This study uses food waste in a mixture of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and rice from a household in Semarang, Indonesia. Food waste was chopped, stirred, heated, and decomposed in a thermal composter. The composting was carried out for three days with moisture content, pH, electrical conductivity, volatile solids, C-Organic, N-Total, P-Total, K-Total, plant growth test (Vigna radiata). The results showed that the growth of Vigna radiata using compost on the third day was better than on the first day. Final compost quality has water content = 75.16%, pH = 7.09, electrical conductivity = 552 Scm−1, volatile solid = 76.45 %, C-Organic = 7.05%, N-Total= 0.433 %, P-Total= 0.147 mg P2O5/100 g, K-Total= 0.149 mg K2O/100 g. It indicates that food waste can be recycled into useful products on a household scale within three days.