bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Source and Enrichment Mechanism of Lithium in the Triassic Argillaceous Marine Sediments from Huangjinkou, Sichuan, China
Authors: QIN Yan , WANG Denghong , ZHAO Yue , YU Yang , GAO Juanqin , YU Feng , ZHONG Jiaai , LIU Zhu
Published: January 2022

In the Triassic marine sediments, an obvious enrichment of lithium has been found. The source and enrichment mechanism of lithium is unknown. Here, we report trace and rare earth element and isotope analyses for Triassic sedimentary samples from core ZK601, recovered from the Huangjinkou anticline in the Xuanhan basin. Lithium concentrations from the Leikoupo and Jialingjiang formations are much higher than the average concentrations in the crust of eastern China and in other marine sediments. Lithium concentrations are highest at depths of 3300–3360 m (in argillaceous marine sediments), and Li is positively correlated with Rb, Ga, Zr, Nb and other trace elements. The range of δ7Li values in our samples is consistent with that in other Triassic marine carbonate rocks. Lithium concentrations and isotope ratios are negatively correlated in the argillaceous dolomite samples at depths of 3300–3360 m. We compared the results in this study with trace and rare earth elements in the clay from Sichuan and Chongqing, and propose that the clay in the argillaceous marine evaporites from Huangjinkou formed via the hydrolysis of volcanic ash during Early–Middle Triassic volcanic eruptions into brine basins, during which clay adsorbed Li from the brine and formed Li‐rich argillaceous dolomites. The addition and hydrolysis of volcanic ash in the evaporative brine is also related to the formation of a new type of polyhalite.
Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Granite Xenolith within the Lamprophyre at the Zhenyuan Gold Deposit (Yunnan Province, SW China)
Authors: ZHANG Huichao , ZHANG Hongrui , HOU Zengqian , CHAI Peng , ZHOU Kai
Published: January 2022

The xenoliths in host rocks of hydrothermal gold deposits can generally provide much geochemical information of the deep rocks, which may have an implication for the sources of ore‐forming materials. Geochronology and geochemical characteristics are reported for a granite xenolith, which is enclosed by the lamprophyre in the Zhenyuan gold deposit (Yunnan Province, SW China). This granite xenolith mainly consists of K‐feldspar, quartz, and plagioclase with trace amounts of magnetite, titanite, apatite, zircon, and sulfides. Zircons from the granite xenolith yield a weighted average U‐Pb age of 281.1 ± 1.3 Ma (MSWD = 2.1), which could represent the crystallization age of this granite xenolith. The Ti‐in‐zircon geothermometer and the Mn concentration in apatite calculate that this granite xenolith formed at 685 ± 43°C with the logfO2 values ranging from NNO + 3.7 to NNO + 6.4. The zircons in the granite xenolith have a restricted range of positive ∊Hf(t) values ranging from +9.4 to +10.8, and the corresponding Hf TDM2 model ages range from 588 to 678 Ma. The zircon U‐Pb age and the Hf isotopic compositions indicate this granite xenolith within the lamprophyre is mainly derived from partial melting of juvenile crustal rocks before the completed closure of the Ailaoshan Ocean. The pyrites in the granite xenolith have higher Bi concentrations, and lower As, Sb, and Tl concentrations than the gold‐bearing pyrites of the ores in the Zhenyuan gold deposit. The low Au concentrations of the pyrites together with the ore‐forming age of the Zhenyuan gold deposit (Oligocene) indicate the granite xenolith may have limited contribution to the gold mineralization of the Zhenyuan gold deposit.
Fluid Inclusion Studies of Ore and Gangue Minerals from the Piaotang Tungsten Deposit, Southern Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: WANG Xudong , NI Pei , YUAN Shunda , LIU Jiqiang , LI Mingyong , LIU Hongxin
Published: January 2022

The Piaotang deposit is one of the largest vein‐type W‐polymetallic deposits in southern Jiangxi Province, South China. The coexistence of wolframite and cassiterite is an important feature of the deposit. Based on detailed petrographic observations, microthermometry of fluid inclusions in wolframite, cassiterite and intergrown quartz was undertaken. The inclusions in wolframite were observed by infrared microscope, while those in cassiterite and quartz were observed in visible light. The fluid inclusions in wolframite can be divided into two types: aqueous inclusions with a large vapor‐phase proportion and aqueous inclusions with a small vapor‐phase ratio. The homogenization temperature (Th) of inclusions in wolframite with large vapor‐phase ratios ranged from 280°C to 390°C, with salinity ranging from 3.1 to 7.2 wt% NaCl eq. In contrast, the Th values of inclusions with small vapor‐phase ratios ranged from 216°C to 264°C, with salinity values ranging from 3.5 to 9.3 wt% NaCl eq. Th values of primary inclusions in cassiterite ranged from 316°C to 380°C, with salinity ranging from 5.4 to 9.3 wt% NaCl eq. Th values for primary fluid inclusions in quartz ranged from 162°C to 309°C, with salinity values ranging from 1.2 to 6.7 wt% NaCl eq. The results show that the formation conditions of wolframite, cassiterite and intergrown quartz are not uniform. The evolutionary processes of fluids related to these three kinds of minerals are also significantly different. Intergrown quartz cannot provide the depositional conditions of wolframite and cassiterite. The fluids related to tungsten mineralization for the NaCl‐H2O system had a medium‐to‐high temperature and low salinity, while the fluids related to tin mineralization for the NaCl‐H2O system had a high temperature and medium‐to‐low salinity. The results of this study suggest that fluid cooling is the main mechanism for the precipitation of tungsten and tin.
Anatomical Study of Cretaceous, Permineralized, Bennettitalean Fossils from Heilongjiang Province, NE China
Authors: LIU Fengxiang , YANG Xiaonan , CHENG Yeming
Published: January 2022

Well‐preserved Cretaceous trunk fragments of Cycadeoidea (Cycadeoidaceae) were recently found in Keshan County, Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China. These fossils represent important evidence of the distribution of this group of plants in East Asia. In these trunk fragments, the stem cortices and leaf bases with cones are preserved. The leaf bases are rhombic with cones infrequently distributed among leaf bases. The cortex is broad and consists of fundamental parenchyma cells, numerous secretory ducts and C‐shaped leaf traces with adaxial secondary xylem and abaxial secondary phloem. The genus Cycadeoidea, which is widely distributed in the Cretaceous deposits of East Asia, North America and Western Europe, was an important component of Cretaceous floras. Bennettitalean trunk fossils with well‐preserved anatomical structures are rarely known from China. These fossils are important for studies of the evolution of genus Cycadeoidea and for stratigraphic correlation.
Both ASDAS and ADC are associated with spinal mobility in active axial spondyloarthritis: A comparison between early and later disease
Authors: Chung Ho Yin , Chan Shirley Chiu Wai , Lee Kam Ho , Tsang Helen Hoi Lun , Ng Ling Ling , Lau Chak Sing
Published: January 2022

Objective

Using diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI)‐derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), we aimed to determine the relationship between intensity of spinal inflammation and mobility in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) in early and later stages of active disease. The Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) was also used for a more comprehensive evaluation.

Methods

Participants with axial SpA and back pain were recruited from 10 rheumatology centers. Clinical, biochemical and radiological parameters were collected. Short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DWI of the spine and sacroiliac (SI) joints were performed. ADC maps were generated. Participants were examined for Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI). Linear regression models were used to determine associations between BASMI and various clinical, radiological, and MRI parameters in participants with active inflammation on spinal ADC maps.

Results

One‐hundred and twenty‐seven participants were included in the analyses. Multivariate linear regression showed that mean ADC spine (ß = .16; P = .03), ASDAS‐C‐reactive protein (CRP) (ß = .29, P < .001), and ASDAS‐erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (ß = .25, P < .01) were associated with BASMI. In participants with duration of back pain ≤3 years, mean spine ADC (ß = .37; P = .03), ASDAS‐CRP (ß = .44; P = .01), and ASDAS‐ESR (ß = .42; P = .01) were associated with BASMI after adjustment for confounding factors. In participants with duration of back pain >3 years, only ASDAS‐CRP (ß = .25; P < .01) and ASDAS‐ESR (ß = .20; P = .20) were associated with BASMI.

Conclusion

Intensity of inflammation and clinical disease activity were independently associated with impairment of spinal mobility. The associations were stronger in early (≤3 years) than later disease.
Avoidance of primary site adjuvant radiotherapy following transoral robotic surgery: a cohort study
Authors: Fradet Laurent , Charters Emma , Gao Kan , Froggatt Catriona , Palme Carsten , Riffat Faruque , Nguyen Kevin , Wu Raymond , Milross Chris , Clark Jonathan R.
Published: January 2022

Background

Post‐operative radiotherapy (PORT) volumes and dose to target structures likely influence swallowing function and quality of life following transoral robotic surgery (TORS). The aim of this study is to analyse disease control and swallowing outcomes in patients undergoing TORS for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) to determine the impact of omitting the primary site from the PORT treatment volume.

Methods

Prospectively collected data from patients that underwent TORS between March 2013 and April 2021 were reviewed. Patients were categorized into three groups: (1) no PORT, (2) PORT to the neck alone or (3) PORT to the primary site and neck. Survival curves were generated according to the Kaplan–Meier method and swallowing was assessed using the Functional Oral Intake Scale, Public Status Scale Head and Neck, MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory and feeding tube/gastrostomy dependence.

Results

A total of 121 patients underwent TORS, of which 103 met inclusion criteria with a median follow up of 2.6 years. No patients developed local recurrence. The 3‐year regional control rates were 90%, 100% and 100% for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Disease‐specific survival was 97% over the study period. Patients that received PORT to both the primary site and the neck (group 3) had worse swallowing outcomes at 12 months.

Conclusion

Following TORS for OPSCC, avoiding PORT to the primary site, in appropriately selected patients, appears to be oncologically safe and is associated with superior swallowing outcomes.
Education, language, and conflict in Myanmar's ethnic minority states
Authors: Bertrand Jacques
Published: January 2022

To what extent did the democratic environment in Myanmar allow ethnic minority groups to promote their language and culture? After the opening of the political regime in 2011, Myanmar's ethnic minority groups placed high hopes in securing new rights and powers to manage their own states and preserve their culture. While the state implemented new opportunities for education of ethnic languages and culture, I argue that these small improvements are dwarfed by the continued Burmanization of ethnic minorities, and the strength of the Bamar‐dominated state. Despite the reform of the educational curriculum, the gains made are relatively modest. More effective decentralization and inclusion of these issues when discussing more genuine federalism would help to improve ethnic groups' ability to maintain their language and culture. This article draws on data from a survey conducted in 2019, as well as interviews in Chin, Kachin, and Karen states between 2015 and 2019.
Places of paid work and unpaid work: Caregiving and work‐from‐home during COVID‐19
Authors: Ding Regina Y. , Williams Allison M.
Published: January 2022

Eldercare and places of eldercare have been radicalized with the advent of COVID‐19. Growing concerns about the safety of long‐term care homes, coupled with the continuation of stay‐at‐home orders, mean that carers are reconstructing new meanings and places of care provision. Increasingly for many Canadians, the home is rapidly becoming the nexus of one's domestic, work, and caregiving world. By interviewing working carers (n = 5) living throughout Canada, this study investigates the changing meanings of home as a place for care during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Drawing upon lived experiences of informal carers engaged in the workforce, we observe a blurring of spatial and temporal boundaries between places of work and places of care. Specifically, we note that the integration of carescapes and workscapes into a single domain presents both benefits and tensions to carers, such as increased schedule flexibility and disruptions at work, respectively. Parallel to this, we also explore how previous places of safety and respite, such as independent senior residences and long‐term care homes, are perceived as sites of danger and anxiety due to the vulnerability of seniors to COVID‐19. This dynamic is likely to continue well into the future, as long‐term care homes fall out of favour and carers adopt a more integrated approach to caregiving within their daily lives.
Phase I studies of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of DS‐1211, a tissue‐nonspecific alkaline phosphatase inhibitor
Authors: Maruyama Sonomi , Visser Hester , Ito Takashi , Limsakun Tharin , Zahir Hamim , Ford Daniel , Tao Ben , Zamora Cynthia A. , Stark Jeffrey G. , Chou Hubert S.
Published: January 2022

Tissue‐nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) hydrolyzes and inactivates inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a potent inhibitor of calcification; therefore, TNAP inhibition is a potential target to treat ectopic calcification. These two first‐in‐human studies evaluated safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PKs), and pharmacodynamics (PDs) of single (SAD) and multiple‐ascending doses (MAD) of DS‐1211, a TNAP inhibitor. Healthy adults were randomized 6:2 to DS‐1211 or placebo, eight subjects per dose cohort. SAD study subjects received one dose of DS‐1211 (range, 3–3000 mg) or placebo, whereas MAD study subjects received DS‐1211 (range, 10–300 mg) once daily, 150 mg twice daily (b.i.d.), or placebo for 10 days. Primary end points were safety and tolerability. PK and PD assessments included plasma concentrations of DS‐1211, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and TNAP substrates (PPi, pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate [PLP], and phosphoethanolamine [PEA]). A total of 56 (DS‐1211: n = 42; placebo: n = 14) and 40 (DS‐1211: n = 30; placebo: n = 10) subjects enrolled in the SAD and MAD studies, respectively. In both studies, adverse events were mild or moderate and did not increase with dose. PKs of DS‐1211 were linear up to 100 mg administered as a single dose and 150 mg b.i.d. administered as a multiple‐dose regimen. In multiple dosing, there was minimal accumulation of DS‐1211. Increased DS‐1211 exposure correlated with dose‐dependent ALP inhibition and concomitant increases in PPi, PLP, and PEA. In two phase I studies, DS‐1211 appeared safe and well‐tolerated. Post‐treatment PD assessments were consistent with exposure‐dependent TNAP inhibition. These data support further evaluation of DS‐1211 for ectopic calcification diseases.
Why do victims matter?
Authors: Moritz Joshua M.
Published: January 2022

Why do victims matter? While many today take for granted the idea that victims have moral value, the historical route that got us here is not so broadly known. The short answer is that Jesus of Nazareth and his transformation of the meaning of suffering is the ultimate reason why victims matter.
A simple method to disperse eggs from lepidopteran scalelike egg masses and to observe embryogenesis
Authors: Arai Hiroshi , Ishitsubo Yuna , Nakai Madoka , Inoue Maki N.
Published: January 2022

Various insect species lay tiny, thin‐ and soft‐shelled eggs in a connected “egg mass”. Especially in several lepidopteran species, the structure of such clustered eggs is covered with complicated scale‐like secretion, which has so far prevented analysis of individual embryos. However, few studies on methods to disperse egg clusters of such insects and to compare different methods have been carried out. To overcome these problems, we developed methods to separate egg masses into individual eggs, using two Tortricidae pests, Homona magnanima Diakonoff and Adoxophyes honmai Yasuda (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The eggs were successfully separated from each other using potassium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite. Although the separated eggs no longer continued their embryogenesis, fixation with heptane–paraformaldehyde, permeabilization with heptane–methanol, and staining with several dyes enabled easy observation of embryogenesis. This protocol is expected to be applicable to other insect taxa and will facilitate further morphological and genetic studies in insects that lay egg masses.
Effects of notch position on the fatigue crack growth behavior of dissimilar laser welded DP980/QP980 joint
Authors: Huang Jiajin , Li Shengci , Zhong Huilong , Li Dehua , Zhang Zhiqian
Published: January 2022

Laser welding of heterogeneous high‐strength steels (AHSSs) is increasingly used in the automotive industry, while the inhomogeneous microstructure of the joint could affect its fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior. Therefore, fiber laser welding experiments were performed in this study to evaluate the microstructure, mechanical properties, and effects of notch position on FCG behavior of dissimilar laser welded DP980/QP980 joint. Results show that the hardness of fusion zone (FZ) near the QP980 side was higher and softening zones were observed in the heat affect zone (HAZ) on both sides of the joint. The stress–strain curves of all the samples show continuous yield and follow the two‐stage work hardening mechanism. The weld overmatch effect induced by laser welding could hinder the propagation of fatigue crack. The microstructural inhomogeneity, weld mismatch effect, and crack closure contribute to the variety of FCG rates. Ductile fracture mechanism became more dominant with the increase of ΔK.
Analytical Solutions for Steady‐State Gas Flow in Layered Soils with Field Applications
Authors: Stewart Lloyd
Published: January 2022

Soil vapor extraction (SVE) is widely used to remove volatile organic compounds from the vadose zone. Design of SVE systems rely largely upon vacuum responses and limited vapor concentration data measured during short‐term soil gas extraction tests performed in single extraction wells. Interpretation of such vacuum data is often simply a rule of thumb as most field sites have layering complexity negating applicability of existing analytical models. This paper provides the derivation of an analytical model for steady, axisymmetric gas flow in heterogeneous (layered) soils from a single well. A general, variable flow boundary condition along the well screen represents actual conditions more closely than a uniform flow or uniform well pressure condition. Each soil layer is assumed homogeneous with anisotropic gas permeability. The solution is derived using the generalized integral transform technique and includes expressions for vacuum, velocities, and streamlines. The model is applied to the interpretation of multiple well tests at a field site and uses linear superposition to extend the flow model to multi‐well extraction. The demonstration site included an array of vacuum monitoring data collected during nine individual well flow tests. A method of normalizing the vacuum data is illustrated that allowed the full data set to be employed in a single calibration effort. The test site also included a surface cap with an apparent vertical permeability two to three orders of magnitude smaller than the sands of the vadose zone. This large permeability contrast posed no difficulties in evaluating the solution.
Ovarian microcystic stromal tumour: from morphological observations to syndromic associations
Authors: Parra‐Herran Carlos , McCluggage W Glenn
Published: January 2022

Microcystic stromal tumour (MST) is a rare, usually benign, ovarian neoplasm characterized morphologically in its classic form by a distinctive triad of features comprising microcysts, solid cellular regions and fibrous stroma. Variant morphology also occurs, including the presence of nests, tubules, cords and signet ring cells. Immunohistochemically, this neoplasm is characterized by diffuse nuclear expression of β‐catenin, cyclin D1, Wilms' tumour 1 (WT1) and steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), as well as diffuse staining with forkhead box ligand 2 (FoxL2) and CD10. Inhibin and calretinin are typically negative. At the genomic level, these neoplasms harbour mutually exclusive mutations in CTNNB1 or APC genes, with the former being significantly more common. This molecular characteristic raises possible links to other rare ovarian lesions, including solid pseudopapillary tumour, signet‐ring stromal tumour and Sertoli cell tumour. Rarely, MST is an extracolonic manifestation of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and serves as a sentinel event that could trigger the identification of the syndrome. Herein, we review the published literature on ovarian MST and provide practical advice for pathologists reporting these rare neoplasms.
A call for nurses and interdisciplinary collaborators to urgently respond to the health and well‐being needs of refugees across the world
Authors: Wilson Rhonda L. , Atem Jacob Mabil , Gumuskaya Oya , Lavadas Michalis , Šošić Bojan , Urek Mojca
Published: January 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic is compounding the distress of millions of refugees (made up of displaced persons, forced migrants, refugees and asylum seekers) throughout the world. This discursive paper pitches a challenge for the global nursing profession, within the multidisciplinary context, to consider its collective agency in responding to the health and well‐being needs of a priority portion of the global population. Nursing leaders are encouraged to renew their commitment to the International Council of Nurses’ Code of Ethics and consider the role of their profession in assisting global refugees, because the extent of present need has become an escalating major global humanitarian crisis. The nursing profession comprises half the world's healthcare workforce. The World Health Organization considers that nurses play a fundamental role in ensuring access to universal healthcare as a basic human right, addressing the global need for health promotion care, disease prevention and primary and community healthcare (International Council of Nurses, The ICN code of ethics for nurses; 2012). It is a human right to seek asylum from persecution, and in doing so, people should not be subjected to cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment or circumstances. Nurses are increasingly interested in fostering a healthy and adaptive environment in which people can thrive, despite personal, political, emotional, physical or social adversity. Nursing care is indispensable for the easement of human distress and for the promotion of comfort and coping. Nurses have an essential role in advocating for policies that will enhance immigrants’ access to health/mental health services and address barriers irrespective of migrant/refugee/asylum seeker status. These are challenging times as the world responds to the pandemic crisis, and nurses are called to rise to global and local leadership roles and join with other health and social care colleagues in addressing the universal human health, social and political crisis of our time. The global nursing collective must come to terms with the need to initiate additional compelling ways to improve and integrate health and social care processes so that nursing care, mental health and social care augment a holistic achievement of appropriate care for refugees.
Langerhans cells and SFRP2/Wnt/beta‐catenin signalling control adaptation of skin epidermis to mechanical stretching
Authors: Ledwon Joanna K. , Vaca Elbert E. , Huang Chiang C. , Kelsey Lauren J. , McGrath Jennifer L. , Topczewski Jacek , Gosain Arun K. , Topczewska Jolanta M.
Published: January 2022

Skin can be mechanically stimulated to grow through a clinical procedure called tissue expansion (TE). Using a porcine TE model, we determined that expansion promptly activates transcription of SFRP2 in skin and we revealed that in the epidermis, this protein is secreted by Langerhans cells (LCs). Similar to well‐known mechanosensitive genes, the increase in SFRP2 expression was proportional to the magnitude of tension, showing a spike at the apex of the expanded skin. This implies that SFRP2 might be a newly discovered effector of mechanotransduction pathways. In addition, we found that acute stretching induces accumulation of b‐catenin in the nuclei of basal keratinocytes (KCs) and LCs, indicating Wnt signalling activation, followed by cell proliferation. Moreover, TE‐activated LCs proliferate and migrate into the suprabasal layer of skin, suggesting that LCs rebuild their steady network within the growing epidermis. We demonstrated that in vitro hrSFRP2 treatment on KCs inhibits Wnt/b‐catenin signalling and stimulates KC differentiation. In parallel, we observed an accumulation of KRT10 in vivo in the expanded skin, pointing to TE‐induced, SFRP2‐augmented KC maturation. Overall, our results reveal that a network of LCs delivers SFRP2 across the epidermis to fine‐tune Wnt/b‐catenin signalling to restore epidermal homeostasis disrupted by TE.
Enhancing fractalkine/CX3CR1 signalling pathway can reduce neuroinflammation by attenuating microglia activation in experimental diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Jiang Mengmeng , Xie Hai , Zhang Chaoyang , Wang Tianqin , Tian Haibin , Lu Lixia , Xu Jing‐Ying , Xu Guo‐Tong , Liu Lin , Zhang Jingfa
Published: January 2022

The concept of diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been extended from microvascular disease to neurovascular disease in which microglia activation plays a remarkable role. Fractalkine (FKN)/CX3CR1 is reported to regulate microglia activation in central nervous system diseases. To characterize the effect of FKN on microglia activation in DR, we employed streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats, glyoxal‐treated R28 cells and hypoxia‐treated BV2 cells to mimic diabetic conditions and explored retinal neuronal apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as the expressions of FKN, Iba‐1, TSPO, NF‐κB, Nrf2 and inflammation‐related cytokines. The results showed that FKN expression declined with diabetes progression and in glyoxal‐treated R28 cells. Compared with normal control, retinal microglia activation and inflammatory factors surged in both diabetic rat retinas and hypoxia‐treated microglia, which was largely dampened by FKN. The NF‐κB and Nrf2 expressions and intracellular ROS were up‐regulated in hypoxia‐treated microglia compared with that in normoxia control, and FKN significantly inhibited NF‐κB activation, activated Nrf2 pathway and decreased intracellular ROS. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that FKN deactivated microglia via inhibiting NF‐κB pathway and activating Nrf2 pathway, thus to reduce the production of inflammation‐related cytokines and ROS, and protect the retina from diabetes insult.
Phylogenomics and rapid diversification of the genus Eutrema on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and adjacent regions
Authors: Wang Yi , Hao Guo‐Qian , Guo Xin‐Yi , Zhang Dan , Hu Quan‐Jun , Liu Jian‐Quan
Published: January 2022

Both geographic isolation and polyploidization are assumed to play an important role in driving species diversification. However, this is rarely illustrated through phylogenomic analyses. The genus Eutrema (Brassicaceae), which also includes the salt‐resistant species, are distributed mainly in Asia with extensive species diversification in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) and adjacent regions. In this study, we revealed almost fully resolved backbone relationships of the genus with genome re‐sequencing data for genomes of 168 individuals from 28 species. Phylogenetic analyses of both plastomes and single‐copy nuclear genes from the whole genome recovered six well‐supported clades with almost consistent relationships. The first two clades are mainly distributed in central China and central Asia, while the other four in the QTP and adjacent regions. All of them diversified within 12 million years. Within each clade, we recovered numerous conflicts in the interspecific relationships between nuclear and plastome phylogenies, likely suggesting hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting during species diversification. Our estimation of genome size and comparison of the number of the single‐copy nuclear genes demonstrated frequent occurrences of polyploids in the genus. Except for an establishment of the backbone phylogeny, our phylogenomic analyses suggest that in addition to strong geographic isolation, polyploidization may have played an important role in species diversification of this genus.
Tongue atrophy as a neurological finding in hereditary polyneuropathy in Alaskan malamutes
Authors: Hultman Josefin , Jäderlund Karin H. , Moe Lars , Espenes Arild , Skedsmo Fredrik S.
Published: January 2022

Background

Tongue atrophy with wrinkling as a clinical sign of inherited polyneuropathies has not been reported in dogs.

Objectives

Clinically describe tongue atrophy as well as morphology of the tongue and hypoglossal nerve in Alaskan malamute polyneuropathy (AMPN).

Animals

Six client‐owned Alaskan malamute dogs diagnosed with AMPN, all homozygous for the causative mutation in the N‐myc downstream‐regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) and 1 neurologically normal control Alaskan malamute.

Methods

Prospective case study. Clinical and neurological examinations were performed on affected dogs. Necropsy samples from the tongue muscle and hypoglossal nerve were examined by light and electron microscopy.

Results

All affected dogs had abnormal wrinkles and grooves on the dorsal surface of the tongue, a clinical sign not described previously in dogs with AMPN. Electromyography of the tongue performed in 2 dogs showed spontaneous activity. Five affected dogs underwent necropsy studies. Histopathology of the tongue showed groups of angular atrophic myofibers and changes in the hypoglossal nerve included thinly myelinated fibers, small onion bulbs, folded myelin, and axonal degeneration.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Histopathologic changes in the tongue and hypoglossal nerve were consistent with previously reported changes in skeletal muscle and other nerves from dogs with AMPN. Therefore, we conclude that macroscopic tongue atrophy is part of the disease phenotype of AMPN and should be considered a potential clinical sign in dogs with polyneuropathies.
Selection of the modeling resolution of infrastructure
Authors: Nocera Fabrizio , Gardoni Paolo
Published: January 2022

Accurate risk analysis requires representative mathematical models of infrastructure. One of the main challenges in developing mathematical models of infrastructure is selecting the modeling resolution from multiple candidates for the required analyses, each candidate having different computational cost, accuracy, and possibly ability to provide information. The goal of selecting the model resolution is to allocate computational resources to the model that best delivers the desired information with the desired accuracy level. This paper proposes a mathematical formulation to select the appropriate resolution for the modeling of infrastructure. We formulate the model selection as an iterative process until a tradeoff is achieved among accuracy, simplicity, and computational efficiency. To select the appropriate level of resolution, we propose novel metrics that measure the level of agreement between estimates of the quantities of interest computed using different levels of resolution. Specifically, we propose global metrics of accuracy that inform if a model is sufficiently detailed or oversimplified. Likewise, we introduce local metrics of accuracy to inform which parts of the model (e.g., spatial portions of the infrastructure model) need refinements. We illustrate the proposed mathematical formulation by selecting the level of resolution of the water infrastructure of Seaside, Oregon, for the purpose of assessing its functionality after a seismic hazard.
The Post-Traditional Ontology and Hermeneutics of Congar's Theology of History
Authors: Clarke Paul
Published: January 2022

Yves Congar's impressive theology of tradition is, rather paradoxically, a post-traditional attempt to rediscover, conceptualize, and account for tradition. A critical element of Congar's post-traditional work on tradition is his retrieval of a ‘Thomistic’ theology of history. This article explores the ontology and hermeneutics of Congar's theology of history, focusing in particular on some of the dynamics and internal tensions of Congar's mediation of Thomistic sacra doctrina to distinctively modern theological questions. I first discuss Congar's hermeneutics of reception, with particular attention to the influence of Marie-Dominique Chenu. Second, I sketch the main features of Congar's theology of history, with particular attention paid to how it is informed by his ressourcement reading of Thomas. By way of conclusion, I offer an appraisal of and critical response to Congar's post-traditional hermeneutics and ontology of history
Effect of earplug/eye mask on sleep and delirium in intensive care patients
Authors: Akpinar Reva Balci , Aksoy Meyreme , Kant Elif
Published: January 2022

Background

Environmental factors such as loud sounds and bright lights in intensive care units can cause sleep disorders and delirium.

Aim

The present study aims to investigate the effects of the overnight use of earplugs and eye masks by intensive care patients on their sleep quality and the degree of delirium.

Study Design

This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted on the patients admitted to a coronary intensive care unit.

Methods

The patients in the experimental group used earplugs and eye masks during the night, while those in the control group received only routine care. Data were collected using an information form, the Richards‐Campbell sleep questionnaire (RCSQ), and the intensive care delirium screening checklist (ICDSC).

Results

The study included a total of 84 patients, 42 in the experimental group and 42 in the control group. The baseline average score of the patients in the experiment group on the RCSQ was 40.11 ± 16.55, with a Time 1 average score of 64.09 ± 14.07 and a Time 2 average score of 72.07 ± 11.75; their baseline average score on the ICDSC was 0.47 ± 0.50, with a Time 1 average score of 0.33 ± 065 and a Time 2 average score of 0.19 ± 039. The baseline average score of the patients in the control group on the RCSQ was 44.07 ± 7.30, with a Time 1 average score of 46.97 ± 9.22 and a Time 2 average score of 47.04 ± 11.53; the baseline average score of the control group on the ICDSC was 0.42 ± 0.50, with a Time 1 average score of 0.50 ± 0.70 and a Time 2 average score of 0.57 ± 0.66. A statistically significant difference was found between the Time 1 and Time 2 average scores of the experimental and control groups on the RCSQ and between the Time 2 average scores of the experimental and control groups on the ICDSC (U = 198.00, P < .001; U = 70.000, P < .001; U = 614.000, P = ·004 respectively).

Conclusions

The earplugs and eye masks used by the intensive care patients overnight were associated with an increase in sleep quality and a decrease in the degree of delirium.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The use of earplugs and eye masks is recommended for intensive care units in supporting sleep quality and preventing delirium.
Where has Hohenbergia burle‐marxii been? Taxonomy, ecology and geographic range of a rare endemic bromeliad from Bahia, Brazil
Authors: de Souza Everton Hilo , Cavalcante Brayan Paiva , Aona Lidyanne Yuriko Saleme
Published: January 2022

Hohenbergia burle‐marxii is one of the rarest species of Hohenbergia (Bromeliaceae), until recently known only by the holotype and its clones. The species had been recorded only once in an imprecise locality in Bahia's south region. After extensive field work we refound the species and we here present a new geographic range of Hohenbergia burle‐marxii, at the same time adding information about its morphology and ecological traits, including a map and photographs of living plants.
Prevention of transient bacteraemia following impacted lower third molar surgery: A randomized triple‐blind controlled trial of chlorhexidine mouthrinse and amoxicillin
Authors: Suttapreyasri Srisurang , Supatraviwat Panu , Yingkajorn Mingkwan , Laoisariyakul Peerapong , Klaprabsuek Aviga , Phattaraprueksa Ornsarat , Pitthayajamrus Sitthichai
Published: January 2022

Aim

Evaluate the efficacy of 0.3% chlorhexidine mouthwash (CHX) and 2‐g amoxicillin (AMX) on the prevalence and nature of transient bacteraemia after surgical removal of an impacted lower third molar.

Materials and Methods

Thirty patients were assigned to either the CHX, AMX, or placebo groups (CTR) in a triple‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial. Blood was cultured and identified at three time points; baseline, 30 s and 15 min following flap incision. Samples were processed for using BACTECTM FX and then Matirx‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry for positive identification.

Results

The prevalence of transient bacteraemia was 50% in the CTR group, and 10% each in the CHX and AMX groups. At 30 s, there was no difference in the prevalence of transient bacteraemia in the CHX (10%), AMX (10%) and CTR (30%) groups (p = 0.477). However, at 15 min, there was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of bacteraemia between the CHX (0), AMX (10%) and CTR (40%) groups (p = 0.029). The majority of cultures yielded gram‐positive cocci. The most frequently isolated organisms were viridans streptococci and Actinomyces oris.

Conclusion

0.3% CHX is effective in preventing postoperative bacteraemia for at least 15min and may be considered as a prophylaxis antiseptic prior to thrid molar surgery.

The trial was registered and approved by Thai Clinical Trails Registry Committee (TCTR20210531006).
Genome‐wide structural and functional features of single nucleotide polymorphisms revealed from the whole genome resequencing of 179 accessions of Arachis
Authors: Bhat Ramesh S. , Shirasawa Kenta , Chavadi Shwetha D.
Published: January 2022

Peanut being an important food, oilseed and fodder crop worldwide, its genetic improvement currently relies on genomics‐assisted breeding (GAB). Since the level of marker polymorphism is limited in peanut, the availability of a large number of DNA markers is the prerequisite for GAB. Therefore, we detected 4,309,724 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the whole genome re‐sequencing (WGRS) data of 178 peanut accessions along with the reference genome sequence of Tifrunner. SNPs were analyzed for their structural and functional features to conclude on their utility and employability in genetic and genomic studies. ISATGR278‐18, a synthetic amphidiploid, showed the highest number of SNPs (2,505,266), while PI_628538 recorded the lowest number (19,058) of SNPs. A03 showed the highest number of SNPs, while B08 recorded the lowest number of SNPs. The number of accessions required to record 50% of the total SNPs varied from 11 to 13 across the chromosomes. The rate of transitions was more than that of transversions. Among the various chromosomal contexts, intergenic and intronic regions carried more SNPs than the exonic regions. SNP impact analysis indicated 2488 SNPs with high impact due to gain of stop codons, variations in splice acceptors and splice donors, and loss of start codons. Of the 4,309,723 SNPs, 46,087 had the highest polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.375. As an illustration of application, the drought‐tolerant accession C76‐16 was compared with A72 (an accession with high‐stress rating) to identify 637,833 SNPs, of which 418 had high impact substitutions. Overall, these structural and functional features of the SNPs will be of immense importance for their utility in genetic and genomic studies in peanut.
Identification of the novel HLA‐DRB3*02:174 allele by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Bouthemy Charlène , Cargou Marine , Bost Chloé , Fort Marylise , Congy‐Jolivet Nicolas
Published: January 2022

HLA‐DRB3*02:174 differs from DRB3*02:02:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 95 in exon 3.
Extensive progressive pigmented viral plaques in a Chihuahua dog
Authors: Munday John S. , Lam Andrea T.H. , Sakai Mary
Published: January 2022

Extensive exophytic pigmented viral plaques developed on a Chihuahua dog causing pruritus and discomfort. Neither the medical treatments used nor a papillomavirus vaccine resulted in clinical improvement. Laser surgery removed some plaques, yet others developed. This case illustrates the difficulty in treating viral plaques and the progressive nature of this disease.
CRISPR/CAS12A-BASED DIAGNOSTICS FOR COVID-19
Authors: Kabylbayeva A. , Zharylgassynova K. , Abilova A. , Amanzholova M. , Abeldenov S.
Published: January 2022

Access to fast and reliable methods for the detection of nucleic acids is critical in many different fields. Early identification of pathogens based on their genetic information associated with various diseases makes early diagnosis and treatment possible.

The situation with the COVID-19 pandemic has shown that right now there is an urgent need to find enzymes for new diagnostic methods based on modern fundamental knowledge. Methods that allow covering a wider range of applications will be cheaper and do not require specialized premises, qualified personnel and will be simple to implement.

One of these enzymes is the recently discovered endonuclease of the CRISPR/Cas systems - Cas12a. In this review, we provide a description of the Cas12a enzyme and its use in the COVID-19 diagnostics.
MICROCLONAL PROPAGATION OF SPIRAEA JAPONICA FOR LANDSCAPING
Authors: Karimova V.K. , Magzumova G.K. , Yessimseitova A.K. , Kakimzhanova A.A.
Published: January 2022

Japanese spiraea (Spiraea japonica) is an ornamental shrub widely used in landscaping. The method of clonal micropropagation of Spiraea japonica was optimized to obtain a large number of plants from several shoots. The optimal concentrations of hormones have been established to increase multiplication and root formation. QL medium with 0,5 mg/l benzyl aminopurine (BAP) in combination with 1,0 mg/l gibberelic acid (GA); 0,01 and 1,0 mg/l indolyl butyric acid (IBA); 1,0 mg/l of naphthyl acetic acid (NAA) were tested for multiplication. For root induction, naphthyl acetic acid (NAA) was used in five doses at half the concentration of QL and MS medium. The highest multiplication of shoots (14,02±1,39) and the highest increase in shoot length (6,39) was obtained on QL medium supplemented with 0,5 mg/l BAP; 1,0 mg/l GA and IBA 0,01 mg/l. The highest rooting (100%), the maximum number of roots (6,20±0,63), the length of the longest root (4,60±0,02) was observed on ½ QL medium containing 0,1 mg/l NAA. In conclusion, for Spiraea japonica, an efficient high speed and rooting protocol is described that can be used in mass propagation.
Mechanical Degradation Behavior of Single Crystal LiNixMnyCozO2 Cathode in Li-Ion Battery by Indentation Analysis
Authors: Chen Ying , Luan Weiling , Zhu Xuanchen , Chen Haofeng
Published: January 2022

LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC) is among the most promising cathode materials for commercial Li-ion batteries due to its high electrochemical performance. However, NMC composite cathode is still plagued with limited cyclic performance, which is influenced by its structural stability during the cycling process. The cathode, which comprises of the active material, polymeric binder, and porous conductive matrix, often exhibits large structural variation during the electrochemical cycling process. This inevitably increases the challenge of measuring the mechanical properties of the material. Even though single crystal NMC possesses better stability as compared to the polycrystalline NMC, the electrochemical performance degradation of single crystal NMC cathode remains relatively unexplored. Different sample preparation methods are compared systematically in accordance to the previous report, and a new method of sample preparation is proposed. Nano-indentation instrument is used to measure the elastic modulus and hardness of the single crystal NMC particles. The measured elastic modulus and hardness of NMC particles, under different electrochemical environments, are dependent on a large number of nano-indentation experiments and statistical analysis of the results obtained from the carefully prepared samples. The sample preparation method is the key factor that can significantly influence the nano-indentation experiment results of the NMC particles. This work shows that the mechanical properties of the single crystal NMC particles degrade significantly with number of electrochemical cycles. The decreasing elastic modulus with the number of electrochemical cycles can be fitted using a two-parameter logarithm model.
Switching a conflicted bacterial DTD-tRNA code is essential for the emergence of mitochondria
Authors: Gogoi Jotin , Bhatnagar Akshay , Ann Kezia. J. , Pottabathini Sambhavi , Singh Raghvendra , Mazeed Mohd , Kuncha Santosh Kumar , Kruparani Shobha P. , Sankaranarayanan Rajan
Published: January 2022

Optimization of DTD-tRNA code and mito-tRNA(Gly) discriminator base is important for emergence of mitochondria.
miR-204–containing exosomes ameliorate GVHD-associated dry eye disease
Authors: Zhou Tian , He Chang , Lai Peilong , Yang Ziqi , Liu Yan , Xu Huiyi , Lin Xiaojing , Ni Biyan , Ju Rong , Yi Wei , Liang Lingyi , Pei Duanqing , Egwuagu Charles E. , Liu Xialin
Published: January 2022

MSC-exo eye drops alleviate GVHD-associated dry eye disease by shifting M1 macrophages to M2 via miR-204.
Illusion of visual stability through active perceptual serial dependence
Authors: Manassi Mauro , Whitney David
Published: January 2022

Visual stability is achieved through an active serial dependence mechanism that continuously biases perception toward the past.
Room-temperature on-chip orbital angular momentum single-photon sources
Authors: Wu Cuo , Kumar Shailesh , Kan Yinhui , Komisar Danylo , Wang Zhiming , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I. , Ding Fei
Published: January 2022

A room-temperature on-chip orbital angular momentum source that emits well-collimated single photons has been demonstrated.
Hitting the right note at the right time: Circadian control of audibility in
Anopheles
mosquito mating swarms is mediated by flight tones
Authors: Somers Jason , Georgiades Marcos , Su Matthew P. , Bagi Judit , Andrés Marta , Alampounti Alexandros , Mills Gordon , Ntabaliba Watson , Moore Sarah J. , Spaccapelo Roberta , Albert Joerg T.
Published: January 2022

By beating their wings faster around sunset, male
Anopheles
mosquitoes sensitize their auditory system to female flight tones.
A source of very energetic oxygen located in Jupiter’s inner radiation belts
Authors: Roussos Elias , Cohen Christina , Kollmann Peter , Pinto Marco , Krupp Norbert , Gonçalves Patricia , Dialynas Konstantinos
Published: January 2022

A local charged particle source in Jupiter’s inner radiation belts generates oxygen ions of cosmic ray energies.
Deep immune phenotyping reveals similarities between aging, Down syndrome, and autoimmunity
Authors: Lambert Katharina , Moo Keagan G. , Arnett Azlann , Goel Gautam , Hu Alex , Flynn Kaitlin J. , Speake Cate , Wiedeman Alice E. , Gersuk Vivian H. , Linsley Peter S. , Greenbaum Carla J. , Long S. Alice , Partridge Rebecca , Buckner Jane H. , Khor Bernard
Published: January 2022

Permutational analysis of the immune system reveals advanced immune aging in individuals with Down syndrome and in individuals with type 1 diabetes.