bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“not a propagandist for the better treatment of minorities”: The Richard Ellmann-Louis Hyman Correspondence
Authors: Davison Neil R.
Published: May 2015

This article introduces and analyzes a series of now archived letters exchanged between Richard Ellmann and Louis Hyman, an Irish-born educator, private scholar, and author of The Jews of Ireland: From Earliest Times to the Year 1910 . Having first contacted Ellmann in 1961 to inquire about the biographer’s sources for Dublin models for Bloom, Hyman later became more animated in a series of exchanges in 1966 after discovering Joyce’s friendship in Trieste with Moses Dlugacz, the model for the eponymous Zionist pork butcher in Ulysses . The letters relate Hyman’s enthusiasm toward this figure as a source for the novel’s thematic use of Zionism in Bloom’s Jewish consciousness, as well as Ellmann’s cautionary hesitancy toward the same. The piece argues that, on a broad level, the letters represent two opposing sensibilities within the Jewish intellectual world of the mid-century, and so form a prime example of how readers of Ulysses often project personal politics onto their interpretations of controversial Jewish issues in the novel. The essay asserts that Ellmann’s adult Jewish identity played into how he shaped these concerns in the original and revised editions of the biography and demonstrates how his conclusions were influenced in the revision by his dialogue with Hyman. To aid in this argument, the article offers biographical research on both figures’ Jewish backgrounds and careers as scholars and also reviews Ellmann’s sources in his quest to learn about Joyce’s contact with Jews in Dublin, Trieste, and Zurich. Exploring what the letters imply about the ethno-religious identities of their authors allows an entrance into how Ellmann’s Joyce both expanded, yet limited, our grasp of Ulysses as a historically significant Irish-Jewish novel.
Empathy, Cuckoldry, and the Helper’s Vicarious Imagination in Ulysses
Authors: Levin Janina
Published: May 2015

Although Leopold Bloom is probably Joyce’s most well-known and fully realized character, his position as a cuckold in Ulysses has not been fully understood. Critics have attributed personal and thematic reasons for Joyce’s historical reversal of the cuckold’s position, such as his obsession with infidelity and his explorations of tolerance, progressive sexual views, and changing male identity. Yet discussions of Bloom as a cuckold have not been able to account for him as a compositional resource for Joyce. I argue that Bloom’s position as a cuckold vitally integrates the form and content of Ulysses . Joyce elevates the cuckold’s status because this character’s secondary position facilitates narrative developments, particularly ones made possible by empathy and altruism. Bloom comprehends and tries to facilitate Molly’s and Stephen’s desires because he is sensitive to them, and he thus represents a space of potentiality for others in Joyce’s narrative.
Blurring the Boundaries: Fourteen Great Detective Stories and Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man in the Modern Library Series
Authors: Jaillant Lise
Published: May 2015

This article examines the simultaneous publication of James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and a collection of detective stories in the Modern Library series in March 1928. The Modern Library, a uniform series of reprints sold for only 95 cents, did not make any difference between the two books. Not only did they share a similar physical format, but they were also advertised in the same periodicals, and reviewers showed no surprise at the juxtaposition of “high” and “low” culture. Drawing on extensive research in Random House archives at the Columbia Rare Book and Manuscript Library, this essay uses a book-history approach to show that the Modern Library contributed to the blurring of boundaries between modernist and popular fiction.
How to Listen to “Sirens”: Narrative Distraction at the Ormond Hotel
Authors: Warren Andrew
Published: May 2015

This essay looks at how narration, listening, and distraction work in “Sirens,” an episode famously littered with sonic codes and punctuation. There is so much noise and interruption that we, like Bloom, can become distracted by the music of the text. The narrative thereby threatens to turn into an abstracted puzzle of sound and reference rather than what it actually is: the story of a man in his most painful hour. I argue that “Sirens” actually represents two episodes from the Odyssey . Its overwhelming musicality distracts us from the fact that the episode is also a rendering of Books XXI and XXII, Odysseus’s confrontation with the suitors. The famous opening lines, for instance, allude not only to the episode’s “sirens,” the barmaids, but also to the storehouse where Odysseus keeps gold, bronze, and iron. Bloom and Boylan later engage in a covert archery contest. This pull between two episodes—their “dis-traction”—is expressed in the text’s narrative technique.
Literal Darkness: Finnegans Wake and the Limits of Print
Authors: Lurz John
Published: May 2015

This essay focuses on the role played by the medium of print in Finnegans Wake . Drawing on John Bishop’s influential reading of the Wake as Joyce’s “book of the dark,” I suggest that the work’s multi-lingual puns and portmanteaux—along with its sporadic typographical play—highlight the role of its “dark print” in the work’s mediation. My argument revolves around the discovery and exploration of the fragmented letter and also makes detours into the lengthy discussions of the kind of readerly acrobatics required by the work’s extreme linguistic performance. In doing so, it traces the Wake ’s own awareness of its printed status and explores how the sensory attention, which it draws to its own physical materiality, opens up a series of reconciliations between the conflicting polarities—eye versus ear, space versus time, Shaun versus Shem—that drive so much of the work’s dynamics. As the “dark print” of the Wake works to break down these oppositions, it also comes to index their more fundamental continuity in terms of the physical limits with which embodiment as such is necessarily bound.
Mourning Joyce, Touching Responsibility: The Body, the Book, and the Ghost
Authors: Abblitt Stephen
Published: May 2015

Presented as an unreliable ficto-critical memoir, this essay inconclusively examines the theoretical relationship between reading, mourning, touching, and responsibility as experienced by the author when confronted with a first edition of Joyce’s Ulysses and as the aftermath of this chance encounter unfolds. Drawing on Jacques Derrida’s work on mourning and its impossibility, I reinterpret the distance between the reader and the page as both an act of mourning and a touching poetic symbol of a responsibility to read faithfully before finally bearing witness to the transfiguration of Joyce’s body into the book, facing the revelation of a revenant Joyce, ontologically uncertain and still haunting this uneasy, untimely reading.
Re-Viewing Richard: A Look at the Impact of Nostalgia and Rancor on Characterization in Exiles
Authors: Gillespie Michael Patrick
Published: May 2015

Despite the work of John MacNicholas and other diligent scholars, Exiles , Joyce’s only extant play, has been a source of embarrassment, indifference, or bewilderment for many, myself included. Reading it was, for me, excruciating, and live performances did nothing to convince me that it was little more than time wasted between the completion of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and the initiation of Ulysses . It was only when I began to study the impact of the exilic experience on Joyce’s writing that I came to see elements in the work that I had previously overlooked. The essay that appears here reflects my efforts to understand how the nostalgia and rancor that shaped Joyce’s recollections of Ireland played transformational roles in writing this play.
The Stephen Dedalus Diet
Authors: Conley Tim
Published: May 2015

Just what does Stephen Dedalus eat in Ulysses ? The question not only troubles the understanding of the novel as a kind of digestive system, even a celebration of eating, but its implications challenge realist and allegorical readings alike. This essay proposes a contrary reading of the novel as composed of anisometric eating habits and attitudes among characters who share only the need to eat, just as readers of Ulysses may all seek the nourishment of meaning but what they find has much to do with what they will and will not eat.
James Joyce and the Masturbating Boy
Authors: Gillis Colin
Published: May 2015

This essay connects Joyce’s depictions of masturbation in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man to the partial legitimization of solitary sexual pleasure in sexology, arguing that new conceptions of autoerotic pleasure as a natural and potentially salubrious sexual outlet animate the novel’s treatment of Stephen Dedalus’s furtive masturbatory life as a subversive figure for personal and aesthetic autonomy.
The Humanities in Question
Authors: Sitze Adam , Sarat Austin , Wolfson Boris
Published: May 2015

After reviewing recent claims about the crisis of the humanities, this introductory essay questions the terms on which some self-described humanists have proposed to defend the humanities, focusing in particular on the conceptual couplet of “crisis” and “defense.” Turning to Hannah Arendt’s 1961 essay “The Crisis in Education,” the essay then argues that questioning, more than defense, is the most fitting response to crisis. It concludes by outlining a number of problematics, ranging from technoscience and cybernetics to theology and translation, that together call for renewed questioning today.
Defending Disciplines in an Interdisciplinary Age
Authors: Harpham Geoffrey Galt
Published: May 2015

For the past generation, academic disciplines have been under attack as bastions of conservatism, the enemies of progress, and barriers to original thinking. An interdisciplinary “consilience” has been advanced as the solution to problems of academic inertia and defensiveness. Recent years have provided several examples of interdisciplinary work that seeks to blend the humanities and the sciences. Darwinian literary studies, scaling, and the “spatial humanities” all illustrate the kinds of innovation made possible by such an approach. But all share one striking characteristic, an indifference to human subjectivity. The suggested conclusion is that interdisciplinary work involving the humanities and science generally does not involve a mutual enrichment but rather a compromising of the fundamental premise of the humanities, and that the project of consilience should be advanced with considerable caution.
Of Time and Pages
Authors: Gibbs Robert
Published: May 2015

This essay examines two ways in which the humanities thinks about the future. It first explores different page designs, especially the contrast of a commentary text and a “humanist” page, in order to discuss the way that modernity depends on a sense of contemporaneity with the author, creating a present that can absorb the past and future. It then explores a series of philosophical reflections on humanism and the metaphysics of the future. Here, too, the present is interrogated, and with the help of dictionary definitions it traces a path from Heidegger through Derrida to Levinas and to Hermann Cohen. In doing so, an account of a “Posthumous humanism” emerges which is focused on a future that is not controlled by the present—an image of a messianic humanism.
The Humanities and Artisanal Education: Technocrats and Artisans in the Contemporary University
Authors: Liu Catherine
Published: May 2015

This essay is an exploration of the ways in which the practices of the arts and humanities have been understood through craft and play. It argues for a historical understanding of quality mass higher education as a postwar phenomenon and offers a critique of technological solutions to the dilemma of providing quality higher education. Through a series of close readings of literary, cinematic, and sculptural objects and texts, this article looks at reactionary and progressive meditations on the temporality of craftsmanship. It explores the work of D. W. Winnicott, Martha Nussbaum, Christopher Newfield, Philip Roth, Hou Hsiao-hsien, and Ann Agee.
On the One Hand, and the Other
Authors: Mowitt John
Published: May 2015

The critique of instrumental reason is here complicated to grasp how the value of the humanities might be reworked at a moment when its founding concept, the human, is under pressure from many quarters. Drawing on a paleontological and technogenetical analysis that links the being and the concept of the human through the organ of the hand, this essay turns to consider how the “preeminence of the right hand” lends a certain critical force to the work of the left hand, a hand thought to gesture toward an other arising on the outer edge of the human. If the presumed homology of the two hands grounds the relation between the humanities and society, then “the other hand” urges us to think and engage the work sustaining this relation diff erently. Here the “Left” points to more than a space in a general assembly.
Carl Nielsen at Age 150
Authors: Reynolds Anne-Marie
Published: May 2015

Both research and performance of Carl Nielsen’s music have taken off in the past two decades, thanks to a flurry of publications that make crucial primary source materials readily available for the very first time, many of them online, with critical commentary in English as well as Danish. These include editions of his collected works, prose writings, and voluminous correspondence, as well as a comprehensive works catalog. After more than half a century of celebrating Nielsen as an isolated, self-made genius, the Danes have thrown open the door of inquiry and beckoned foreign scholars in. The result has been a new assessment of the composer, the man, and his music in the context of his European contemporaries, and Nielsen has fared well in the comparison. The application of an array of analytical techniques has yielded insight into Nielsen’s treatment of harmonic, rhythmic, and formal ambiguity to dramatic ends, and the common ground between his two favored but stylistically opposed genres, symphony and song, has been explored. Perhaps most gratifying of all is that the high quality of the collected edition has spurred a spate of performances and new recordings worldwide, some of compositions that had languished since Nielsen’s death in unpublished obscurity. There is a sense that finally, at the ripe old age of 150, Nielsen has come into his own.
The First Professional String Quartet?: ReExamining an Account Attributed to Giuseppe Maria Cambini
Authors: Klorman Edward
Published: May 2015

This study examines an 1804 essay about string-quartet performance published in the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung , and attributed to the Italian-born and Paris-domiciled composer/violinist Giuseppe Maria Cambini. The essay is frequently cited as evidence of the first professional string quartet, since it includes a detailed account of the rehearsal methods of an ensemble purported to have formed in Tuscany over a six-month period in the mid-1760s, and comprising Boccherini, Nardini, Manfredi, and Cambini as its members. A closer examination of the evidence reveals that this so-called Tuscan Quartet is unlikely to have existed. The essay appears to be a highly embellished translation of a passing remark from Cambini’s earlier Nouvelle méthode théorique et pratique pour le violon (ca. 1795), possibly made at the instigation (and with the editorial intervention of) AmZ editor Johann Friedrich Rochlitz. Although the essay is probably an unreliable source for quartet practices ca. 1765, it offers compelling testimony to an emerging quartet ideology (especially in German-speaking lands) around the time of its publication in the early nineteenth century. It may be among the earliest articulations of several influential ideas about quartets, including (1) the string quartet as an ensemble with stable personnel, (2) string-quartet repertoire as serious concert music demanding detailed rehearsal in advance of a performance for an audience, (3) unity of expression—four players sounding as one—as a goal of such rehearsal, and (4) extensive study and performance of quartets as foundational artistic training for all developing string players.
Peter Maxwell Davies’s Variations on a Theme: A Catalog of the “Sea” Works
Authors: Vickers Justin
Published: May 2015

Since 1971, Peter Maxwell Davies (b. 1934) has lived on the Orkney Islands north of Scotland. This adopted homeland and the sea surrounding it have influenced a preponderance of the composer’s output since his arrival. As of 2015, from the former Master of the Queen’s Music’s 330 official opera, one-third owe their inspirational genesis to the sea and the Orcadian archipelago that Davies calls home. The 108 discrete works that are sea-themed fall into six genres: chamber orchestra, choral/vocal, instrumental, opera, orchestral, and compositions for young performers. Through Davies’s personal writings, it is clear that he implicitly and explicitly associates his compositional processes with Orkney, her environs, and the sea. The author asserts that by extension, any of Davies’s compositions that are taken up with the Orkney Islands––its intense weather, living residents, historical figures, mythological elements, folkloric, runic, spiritually Orcadian, and Davies’s wont for ecological-political and social commentary in his music––are similarly related to the sea. Because geographic location and the sea function as a principal subject, the premise of this study is to provide a catalog of Davies’s compositions that owe their origin to the sea, and to his life on the Orkneys. The author offers the catalog in an effort to foster additional examinations of Davies’s compositions through this thematic lens. Considerable additional study of this prolific composer’s output is warranted; the author hopes greater attention is given to this thalassic corpus of Davies’s output.
Give Me a Break: Gerhard Küntscher and His Nail
Authors: Pierach Claus A.
Published: May 2015

The treatment of broken bones has long adhered to principles of tight juxtaposition of fracture ends and of strict rest. Splinting and casting with plaster of Paris helped considerably. Attempts at internal splinting with pegs, bolts, or stabilizing contraptions usually failed. Foreign materials were either not biocompatible or broke easily, and the insertion of these prostheses directly into the fracture created additional risks from infections. All this changed when Gerhard Küntscher (1900–1972) stabilized broken long bones by intramedullary insertion of stainless steel nails through a small incision, distant from the fracture. Küntscher employed his method from the late 1930s on, initially as a surgeon at the Kiel University in Germany. His early and encouraging results were rejected when presented in 1940, and he remained ostracized thenceforth. During WWII he was stationed in Finland, where he treated wounded soldiers from both sides of the front. POWs returning home propagated the new method by revealing these rods in roentgenograms of their legs; had he not been so successful in treating POWs, he might have had to stand trial at the Nuremberg Doctors’ Trial (1947). He documented his experiments and experiences in more than 200 articles and three monographs. Today, his method is employed universally.
When Harvard Said No to Eugenics: The J. Ewing Mears Bequest, 1927
Authors: Lombardo Paul A.
Published: May 2015

James Ewing Mears (1838–1919) was a founding member of the Philadelphia Academy of Surgery. His 1910 book, The Problem of Race Betterment , laid the groundwork for later authors to explore the uses of surgical sterilization as a eugenic measure. Mears left $60,000 in his will to Harvard University to support the teaching of eugenics. Although numerous eugenic activists were on the Harvard faculty, and two of its Presidents were also associated with the eugenics movement, Harvard refused the Mears gift. The bequest was eventually awarded to Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia. This article explains why Harvard turned its back on a donation that would have supported instruction in a popular subject. Harvard’s decision illustrates the range of opinion that existed on the efficacy of eugenic sterilization at the time. The Mears case also highlights a powerful irony: the same week Harvard turned down the Mears legacy, the U.S. Supreme Court endorsed eugenic sterilization in the landmark case of Buck v. Bell . Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., graduate of Harvard and former member of its law faculty wrote the opinion in that case, including the famous conclusion: “Three generations of imbeciles are enough.”
Evidence, Errors, and Ethics
Authors: Miller Franklin G. , Joffe Steven , Kesselheim Aaron S.
Published: May 2015

Evidence-based decisions relating to the development and use of novel medical interventions are liable to false positive and false negative errors: adverse consequences that ensue from making or omitting to make a given decision. In this article we examine the propensity to false positive and false negative errors in light of competing value judgments in the areas of designing randomized controlled trials, pharmaceutical licensing, coverage of medical treatments, and clinical practice.
Religion in Organized Medicine: The AMA’s Committee and Department of Medicine and Religion, 1961–1974
Authors: Kim Daniel , Curlin Farr , Wolenberg Kelly , Sulmasy Daniel
Published: May 2015

The history commonly told of the relationship between modern medicine and religion is one of steady, even inevitable, separation rooted in the Enlightenment. The divorce between medicine and religion, it is thought, had become nearly total before a recent surge of interest in the spiritual and religious dimensions of health care. This narrative, however, misjudges a persistent sense of spiritual need in illness that medical practice, even today, is unable to entirely ignore. Relying on primary sources, we recount here the little known story of the rise and fall of the Committee on Medicine and Religion and the Department of Medicine and Religion at the American Medical Association between 1961 and 1974. Arising in a context of a widely perceived dehumanization of care and the emergence of new ethical dilemmas at the bedside—concerns with significant parallels today—the initiative garnered striking physician enthusiasm and achieved dramatic successes nationally before coming to a puzzling end in 1972. We argue that its demise was linked to the AMA’s contentious internal debate on abortion, and conclude with a note of caution regarding the status of normative concerns in medicine’s ongoing efforts to address the spiritual and religious dimensions of its practices.
The Integration of Social, Behavioral, and Biological Mechanisms in Models of Pathogenesis
Authors: Kelly Michael P. , Kelly Rachel S. , Russo Federica
Published: May 2015

A large part of contemporary medicine is concerned with describing and understanding the biological mechanisms involved in disease causation. Comparatively less attention has been paid to the socioeconomic and behavioral mechanisms underlying disease. This article argues for an integration of social, behavioral, and biological factors in the explanation of pathogenesis, a perspective that is in accord with the vision of pioneer public health practitioners of the 19th century, but that has gradually been overtaken by the dominance of the biomedical disease model. In recent decades, the social components of disease have been depicted as “distal” factors or used as “classificatory” devices. We explain how the integration we propose, which draws upon the concepts of “mixed mechanism” and of “lifeworld,” advances the view of several scholars of the recent past. Finally, we discuss new findings in epigenetics and psychology, where socioeconomic disparities appear to be an integral part of the explanation of health conditions, to illustrate how the integration may work in practice.
Opiate Written Behavioral Agreements: A Case for Abandonment
Authors: Helft Paul R. , Williams Jessica R. , Bandy Robin J.
Published: May 2015

Written behavioral agreements (WBAs) are gaining popularity as part of the effort to manage the alarming increase in prescription drug abuse. The rationale for increased use of WBAs in managing patients with chronic pain is that they are believed to increase adherence to agreed-upon behaviors, reduce addiction to or diversion of prescription drugs, and satisfy informed consent requirements. However, there are no high-quality data to support their widespread use in any of these areas. The evidence used to support the use of WBAs is insufficient to justify their unfairness and the high risk of harm they pose to the doctor-patient relationship. Instead, we contend that WBAs are being used to provide leverage for severing relationships with some of our most challenging patients. We propose that physicians treating patients for chronic pain abandon the use of WBAs. Alternatives include open communication, detailed informed consent processes, carefully documented discussions, and most important, commitment to ongoing relationships even with difficult patients.
Fighting for Dear Life: Christians and Aggressive End-of-Life Care
Authors: Shinall Myrick C.
Published: May 2015

Patients or their family members sometimes give religious reasons for requesting life-sustaining technologies that have little hope of restoring health. This poses an ethical challenge for clinicians and a potential strain on limited health-care resources. Among Christians, one explanation for a preference for aggressive, life-prolonging care is the influence of the idea of martyrdom, which became the normative form of dying in early Christianity. The ancient discourse of martyrdom and the modern discourse of aggressive medical care both share a martial orientation and commend an ethos of combat. This paper examines ancient Christian martyrdom discourse to illuminate its affinity with the discourse of aggressive medical care. The ethos of martyrdom has shaped Christian attitudes toward death such that preference for aggressive medical care at the end of life is understandable.
Languages of the Heart: The Biomedical and the Metaphorical in American Fiction
Authors: Oldfield Benjamin J. , Jones David S.
Published: May 2015

The role of heart disease in American fiction has received less attention from scholars of literature, history, and medicine than have portrayals of tuberculosis, cancer, or HIV/AIDS, despite the fact that heart disease topped mortality charts for most of the 20th century. This article surveys manifestations of coronary artery disease in popular works of 20th-century American fiction to trace how authors and their protagonists grappled with the disease while knowledge of pathophysiology and therapeutics evolved. Countering Susan Sontag’s mechanistic vision of patient encounters—where disease is absent of metaphor—we pair popular fiction with concurrent historical analysis to show that the proliferation of technological narratives of cardiac therapeutics could not displace the deeply symbolic nature of characters’ encounters with heart disease. Because of the limited ability of the biomedical narrative to convey the meanings of disease and treatments, doctors and patients need to communicate through the rich possibilities of metaphor.
Peabody’s “Care of the Patient” and the Nature of Medical Science
Authors: Brody Howard
Published: May 2015

Francis W. Peabody’s 1927 essay “The Care of the Patient” is widely quoted, yet few appreciate the subtlety of its interweaving of medical science with its more obvious humanistic elements. Understanding the essay in context requires a recapitulation of Peabody’s life story, a review of earlier work that led up to the culminating lecture in 1926, and a detailed analysis of the thread of argument Peabody wove through the lecture. A better understanding of the essay shows how Peabody anticipated several important later developments in medical thought.
A Bittersweet Story: The True Nature of the Laurel of the Oracle of Delphi
Authors: Harissis Haralampos V.
Published: May 2015

It is known from ancient sources that “laurel,” identified with sweet bay, was used at the ancient Greek oracle of Delphi. The Pythia, the priestess who spoke the prophecies, purportedly used laurel as a means to inspire her divine frenzy. However, the clinical symptoms of the Pythia, as described in ancient sources, cannot be attributed to the use of sweet bay, which is harmless. A review of contemporary toxicological literature indicates that it is oleander that causes symptoms similar to those of the Pythia, while a closer examination of ancient literary texts indicates that oleander was often included under the generic term laurel . It is therefore likely that it was oleander, not sweet bay, that the Pythia used before the oracular procedure. This explanation could also shed light on other ancient accounts regarding the alleged spirit and chasm of Delphi, accounts that have been the subject of intense debate and interdisciplinary research for the last hundred years.
Richard Hell’s DIY Subjects, or the Gamble of Getting a Face
Authors: Sorensen Leif
Published: May 2015

Drawing on extensive research in the Richard Hell Papers, this essay argues that the materials in Hell’s archive force a reconsideration of punk and DIY cultural production as alternative modes of subject formation. Exploring the multiple poetic personae that Richard Meyers developed before turning from poetry to punk and reinventing himself as Richard Hell, the essay shows that although the persona Richard Hell has eclipsed these earlier personae, the punk persona does not offer an escape from normative modes of subject formation. Instead the focus on embodied authenticity in punk curtails Meyers/Hell’s textual experiments with identity.
The Animal in Translation
Authors: Lezra Jacques
Published: May 2015

“The Animal in Translation” shows, through analyses of works by Quine, Hearne, and Derrida, how animality studies and translation studies serve to limit one another, but by the same stroke disclose aspects of each field which remain otherwise obscure. Each provides for the other a way of avoiding the disabling conceptual traps set by seemingly necessary essentialisms, linguistic and species-ist. Animality studies and translation studies and theory provide these limiting-disclosing functions for each other just where they come to rely on accounts of mediation in order to produce rules for conduct or for thought more generally.
Interaction between expression of angiogenic factors and pathology of the microvasculature
and cardiomyocytes in myocardial tissue of patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Abuderman Abdulwahab
Published: May 2015

Sudden death with myocardial infarction has always
been a challenging issue for the investigators and
forensic pathologists. When a person suffering from
angina or myocardial infarction is simultaneously
suffering from diabetes mellitus issue becomes even
more complex for the investigators as usual signs and
symptoms of MI may not manifest so as to rouse a
suspicion of MI. This study will help the pathologists to
understand the microscopic changes of diabetic
cardiomyopathy better in a case having MI with
diabetes. This study was done in 47 cases to know the
pathology of microvasculature and cardiomyocytes in
myocardial tissue of diabetic patients and expression of
angiogenic factors.
Role of brainstem auditory evoked potential in Forensic Medicine
Authors: Thind A. , Singh R , Singh K D , Kumar A. , Thind A. S.
Published: May 2015

Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential (BAEP) is an
important test used in clinical practice. It is used to
diagnose auditory threshold changes and to
characterize the type of hearing loss as it does not
depends on voluntary response from the subject. Its
role in forensic medicine becomes relevant for the
assessment of type of hearing loss in medicolegal cases
for conductive or sensory neural. It can be used for
assessing nature of injuring cases of malingering and
pinpointing the neuronal pathway, hhearing loss and
whether the victim had hearing loss before the injury or
after the injury. This study presents latencies of wave I,
II, III, IV and V, interpeak latencies of wave I‐III, I‐V, III‐V
and amplitudes of waves I‐Ia, V‐Va and absolute
amplitude R in 100 healthy normal hearing in medical
students of same age group comprising of 50 females
and 50 male for comparison of inter gender difference
and for the purpose of establishing normal values. In
the present study, it has been concluded that there is
highly significant difference in the waves and interpeak
latencies III, V and I‐V between females and males. It
was also found that the duration of wave I showed
statistically highly significant differences and V‐Va
showed significant difference between left and right ear
in females. It was also found that the duration of wave
showed statistically highly significant difference in
males.
Teaching future dentists to detect and report suspected child abuse and neglect
Authors: Agnihotry Anirudha , Gill Karanjot S , Ivanoff Chris S , Kocchar Runit
Published: May 2015

Child abuse and neglect often presents with signs onthe head and neck, which dental professionals examine on a regular basis. If educated on how to detect and report it in their schools, they can help in solving the problem of under‐reporting. Although, some curriculums have been developed for educating dental students and a lot of stress has been laid on the issue through continuing education, still a lot of cases go unnoticed each year. There is one elaborate, robust and comprehensive curriculum with a multi ‐ disciplinary approach reported in the literature, which was recently developed at the University of Tennessee. This article is a summary of the same. This curriculum has four phases, which are spread out in four years of education of the DDS students. The students are sequentially introduced to the findings of Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect (SCAN), they are shown case scenarios, they work with medical and law students to understand their professional and ethical duties, and are required to deal with a simulation case at the end. Future studies should assess the effects of this curriculum and its overall impact in the long run.
Diagnostic efficacy of cardiac troponin in post‐mortem examination of acute myocardial
infarction
Authors: Mustafa Gulam , Gorea RK , Rahman Shakilur , Khan Mohammed Sarosh
Published: May 2015

Major challenges for forensic experts include selectionof best effective diagnostic tests in the time sensitiveidentification of cause of death to avoid delay inpostmortem examination cases. Sudden cardiac deathdue to acute myocardial infarction constitutes asignificant portion of the autopsies that are conductedby forensic pathologists. Lack of specificity of clinicaland conventional markers causes misdiagnosis andprevents or delays in the detection. Conventionalbiochemical markers like creatine kinase (CK),myoglobin, and lactate dehydrogenase is no longer abest choice in the detection, because of their lowspecificity to cardiac injury. Recent reports indicatecardiac troponin as an extremely sensitive biochemicalmarker which can detect even microscopic zones ofmyocardial necrosis. We herein, review cardiactroponin as a biochemical marker in autopsy cases ofAMI and its impact on postmortem management thatwill lead to guidance for early detection with quick and
reliable diagnostics methods.
Ethics in histopathology laboratory
Authors: Rizvi Syed Shoaib Raza
Published: May 2015

Ethics are involved in almost all the phases ofcomprehensive examination of the patient. Fourgeneral principles in medical ethics are also applicablein the field of histopathology, however theirimplementation poses a great challenge. A pathologistbears the responsibility of patient, colleagues,profession, and society. Provision of a safe, scientificallyaccurate and complete diagnosis in a reasonable frameof time is the prime ethical duty of a histopathologist.However, a harmonized diagnosis is at times difficult tobe produced acceptable for all the stakeholders. Theinherent beauty of histopathology i.e. intra?observerand inter?observer variations in comprehending thelanguage of cells may result in a deviated diagnosis attimes especially when the second opinion is to besought as a trend of fashion. This pathologistpathologistinteraction and also the proprietorship oftissue blocks also impart an ethical threat. Legitimatingfor carrying out additional stains after the diagnosis hasbeen reported and using tissue blocks for researchpurposes might have some ethical issues involved inwhich the histopathologists need to unanimously sortout at their earliest.
Victimology from a police perspective
Authors: Carson Kathy
Published: May 2015

Victimology is the study of the victims of crime. Thispaper studies Victimology from a former police officerspoint of view using criminology. Crimes are broken
down by intent versus non?intent by categorizing thetype of crime the victim encounters. These type ofcrimes discussed include crimes of passion, crimes of
occurrence, and crimes of accidents. Crimes of passioninvolve heavy emotion outweighing logic and reasoning.Crimes of occurrence are crimes that involve victimsbeing in the right place at the right time. Victims ofcrimes of occurrence do not specifically know thesuspect. Finally, crimes of accidents include victimsunintentionally being injured or killed unintentionallyand by accident.
Dark death an interesting case report
Authors: Yadukul S. , Shivakumar BC , Udayashankar BS , Chandrashekar TN , Gaonkar Vishwa Bharathi
Published: May 2015

Suicide (Latin suicidium, from suicaedere, "to killoneself") is the act of intentionally causing one'sown death. Suicide is often committed out of despair,the cause of which is frequently attributed to a mentaldisorder such as depression, bipolar disorder,schizophrenia, borderline personality
disorder, alcoholism, or drug abuse. The act of takingone's life for the benefit of others is known as altruisticsuicide. Literature has very less reference regarding thesuicidal approach among blind persons.Here we report an interesting case of a teenage boywho was suffering from bilateral Heredo?maculardegeneration and was completely blind from birth. Hecommitted suicide by hanging, in his living room. Themethod by which he chose to end his life raised manyeyebrows. Here, we unfold the story of this teenagerwho ended his life for the benefit of his familymembers.
Y‐Chromosome DNA identification of aspermic male offender from vaginal swab of victim
Authors: Singh Sarabjeet , Kaur Gagandeep , Gorea Rakesh K
Published: May 2015

Identification of the offender from spermatozoa andblood is the most often sought biological evidence inthe examination of rape victims. Forensic finding of thespermatozoa plays an important role to confirm therecent episode of sexual intercourse. Problems arise incases of digital penetration and vasectomized males.Criminals are getting smarter now days, they are usingcondom to commit rapes or ejaculate away from thebody of victim. In such cases no sperm cells are foundand conventional STR testing yields only a femaleprofile. This study demonstrates the presence of themale epithelial cells in the vaginal tract as availableproof of coitus. In many circumstances the applicationof PCR?based DNA typing methods results in the failure
to amplify the minor (e.g., male) component of DNAmixtures due to competition with alleles from the major(e.g., female) component. In this study DNA profile fromthe aspermic semen, vaginal swab and a control sampleof a vasectomized male was obtained for all 16 Y?STRloci namely DYS392, DYS390, DYS385 a/b, DYS393,DYS3891, DYS38911, DYS391, DYS19, DYS439, DYS438,residing on the Y?chromosome and Amelogenin to helpthe investigating agencies to prove that a male wasinvolved in the offence and further investigation wasneeded.
Responsibility for deaths of mothers in sterilization camps
Authors: Jha Mrinal Kanti , Majumder Bhupal Chandra , Gorea Arshdeep
Published: May 2015

In developing countries like India, population explosionis a major problem. Without population control,economic growth becomes difficult. To execute familyplanning policy successfully, Government takes the helpof doctors. Doctors are given a target of completing agiven number of tubal ligations in a given geographicalarea in a given time. Doctors could achieve the targetwith the help of paramedical staff. A tragedy happenedin one of the states of India, where in a laparoscopicligation camp, 13 mothers lost their lives. As a facesaving measure doctor was arrested. It is against theruling of Supreme Court of India to arrest a doctorwithout establishing prima facia. The doctor was not atfault for the death of the patients. The death was dueto spurious toxic drugs brought by the Governmentagencies. Doctor was charged as per Indian Penal Codefor causing death due to rash and negligent act.Technically doctor had no hand in causing death.Ironically, the director of the pharmaceutical company,who sold the drugs, was also arrested with much mildercharges. In this tricky incidence who is responsible forthe loss of life of 13 mothers? Was it the government,the doctor or the greedy owner of pharmaceuticalcompany, who sold toxic drugs to satisfy his greed
disregarding life?
Evidence based medical ethics: A critical evaluation
Authors: Gorea R K
Published: May 2015

Education in the medical colleges in some parts of the world and treatment of the patients in most parts of the world is leaning towards evidence based practices and medical ethics are no exception to this trend. The ethical values of the society are changing since the days of Hippocrates when the moral values were controlling the profession and earning of money by medical professionals. Following these values sometimes lead to lot of dilemmas in the medical profession. Due to increasing investments in the medical establishments and emergence of corporate hospitals aims and visions of healthcare providers are changing and ethical dilemmas are cropping up while treating the patients. Evidence based ethics are definitely a patient centered approach where individual cases can be treated depending upon the available evidence and it will be easy to solve the ethical dilemmas in a way where the interest of patients as well as health care providers are not laid up. It is better to know the good points of any emerging field but simultaneously it is our duty to know the limitations of the same.
Is Wettability Alteration the Main Cause for Enhanced Recovery in Low-Salinity Waterflooding?
Authors: Kafili Kasmaei A.. , Rao D.N.. N.
Published: May 2015

Low-salinity waterflooding is gaining some attention in the recent literature as a means of improving oil recoveries. However, a clear understanding of the key mechanism(s) of low-salinity waterflooding does not seem to have emerged, although wettability alteration is repeatedly cited as the cause for the observed effects, though without much experimental evidence. Moreover, much of the reported low-salinity work appears to be related to sandstone reservoirs (Morrow and Buckley 2011).

In this study, we have attempted to investigate the role wettability alteration plays in low-salinity waterflooding by conducting dual-drop/dual-crystal contact-angle measurements to characterize wettability changes and coreflood experiments for oil recovery and oil/water relative permeability measurements by use of a dolomite-reservoir-rock/fluids system. Additional experiments have been conducted to examine the roles of brine chemistry and the temperature in altering wettability in low-salinity waterfloods.

The contact-angle results clearly indicate the wettability alteration from an oil-wet state (with a water-advancing contact angle of 158°) to an intermediate state (with an advancing contact angle of 113°) caused by diluting the reservoir brine to 1/50 of its original strength. A similar result was obtained when the sulfate concentration in the reservoir brine was doubled and when the temperature was increased to 250°F from the reservoir temperature of 80°F. These wettability alterations as measured by contact angles were confirmed by secondary-oil-recovery-mode coreflood experiments that yielded significantly higher recoveries (from approximately 46 to approximately 76%) because of low-salinity flooding, alteration of brine composition, and temperature.

This experimental study confirms the major influence of wettability in low-salinity waterflooding of a dolomite reservoir.
Low-Temperature Air/Solvent Injection for Heavy-Oil Recovery in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Mayorquin Jose , Babadagli Tayfun
Published: May 2015

Limited studies on oil recovery from naturally fractured reservoirs using low-temperature air injection show that the process is strongly dependent on oxygen (O2)-diffusion coefficient and matrix permeability, both of which are typically low. A new approach (i.e., the addition of hydrocarbon solvent gases into air) is expected to improve the diffusivity of the gas mixture and to accelerate the oxidation. To study this new idea, called low temperature air/solvent injection, laboratory tests were performed by soaking heavy-oil-saturated cores in air/solvent filled reactors to determine the critical parameters on recovery. Laboratory tests were complemented by conducting experiments using air at different O2 concentrations: zero (i.e., nitrogen), 21.0 mol% (air), and 37.3 mol% (O2-enriched air). For safety reasons, it is imperative that enough time be given for air diffusion before the injected air breaks through a highly permeable fracture network. This implies that the huff ‘n’ puff type of injection is a plausible option as opposed to the continuous injection of air. A high recovery factor was obtained by soaking a single matrix in an air/solvent chamber at static conditions rather than with air only. The period of pressure stabilization was faster for the air/solvent mixture than in 100% solvent. The asphaltene content was lower in the air/solvent case than in the 100%-air injection case. Instead of pure-hydrocarbon solvent, injection of an air/solvent mixture yields a better recovery with less asphaltene. This is expected to reduce the cost of the process compared with pure-solvent injection. At low temperatures (75C), O2 consumption in the matrix oil was low, while at high temperatures, the O2 was partially (150C) or totally (200C in the presence of propane) diffused and consumed in the matrix.
Some Approach to Upper Layer Cooling Process with Spray Stream Generated by Water Nozzle Using Computer Simulation Method
Authors: Gałaj Jerzy , Żurawski Łukasz
Published: May 2015

Computer model of upper layer cooling applying spray streams generated by water nozzle was presented in the paper. Assumptions, mathematical model and input data were given. Simulation process for assumed fire scenario and different droplet diameters was described. Results of the simulation and their analysis were presented. General conclusions and final remarks were included at the end of this work.
The Dependence of Selected Technical and Combustion Characteristics of Fire on Moisture Levels in Alternative Fuels
Authors: Kulich Martin
Published: May 2015

The subject of this paper is to analyse the influence of moisture on selected technical and combustion characteristics of alternative fuels. The analyses are conducted on the basis of analyses of samples of alternative fuels simulating states of the fuel in expected operating conditions, focusing on the identification of potential operational risks. The final part consists of a set of recommended measures to ensure the operational safety of the practical use of alternative fuels based on the results of the analysis.