bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is the morphology of the articular eminence of the temporomandibular joint a predisposing factor for disc displacement?
Authors: Kurita H , Ohtsuka A , Kobayashi H , Kurashina K
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES

To test the hypothesis that the morphology of the articular eminence of the TMJ is a predisposing factor for disc displacement.

METHODS

MR images of 220 TM joints in 151 patients were studied: 47 joints had no disk displacement (NDD), 81 joints disc displacement with reduction (DDWR) and 92 joints disc displacement without reduction (DDWOR). The shape of the articular eminence of the TMJ was classified into four types, box, sigmoid, flattened and deformed. The prevalence of the box and flattened forms in the three groups of joints was compared.

RESULTS

There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of the box form between the joints with NDD, DDWR, and DDWOR. On the other hand, the prevalence of the flattened-type was statistically lower in the joints with DDWR (goodness test of fit for chi 2, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

It appears that disc displacement is less likely to be found in joints with a shallow articular eminence.
Bilateral mandibular accessory foramina and canals: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kaufman E , Serman N J , Wang P D
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES

To present a case of bilateral mandibular accessory canals and foramina observed on CT and review the relevant literature.

RESULTS

Based on the literature, accessory canals and foramina are prevalent in the posterior mandible and the area of the symphysis and more frequently on the internal than the external surface of the mandible. Bilateral symmetry is common. Variations exist in size and number. Occurrence may change with age and racial origin. Nerves, neurovascular bundles, arterioles and venules have been found to occupy the accessory canals and foramina. No gender differences have been described.

CONCLUSION

CT has advantages over two-dimensional radiography in identification of anatomical variations in the mandible.
A rare, radiographic 'sunray' appearance in fibrous dysplasia
Authors: Prapayasatok S , Iamaroon A , Miles D A , Kumchai T
Published: October 2024

We report a case of a 19-year-old Thai woman who had fibrous dysplasia (FD) with a rare radiographic 'sunray' appearance. The sunray appearance could have been due to either an unusual pattern of calcification within the lesion or a periosteal reaction.
A comparison of the effect of task-specific with fixed beam alignment in tuned-aperture computed tomography ®
Authors: Webber R L , Hendrickson J L
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES

To test the hypothesis that fixed beam alignment, representative of conventional, fixed-projection three-dimensional (3D) imaging systems, yields significantly lower detectability of approximal radiolucencies than does a task-specific strategy that 'opens the contacts'.

METHODS

Eleven pairs of extracted teeth containing systematically varying numbers of induced approximal low-contrast defects were evaluated from 3D displays produced by means of tuned-aperture computed tomography (TACT) under controlled conditions. Each of the resulting tomographic presentations was displayed in two random sequences to seven trained clinicians. The task-specific (test) series was generated from eight different projections varying in vertical disparity but constrained to open the contacts. The fixed-aiming (control) series was generated from eight projections distributed uniformly on a circle.

RESULTS

Accuracy of defect detection averaged 5%, significantly higher with task-specific aiming than with fixed alignment projection geometry (P = 0.02). All observers unequivocally preferred the displays produced from projections with open contacts; however, they demonstrated considerable variation in their approach to the task, including the time required to interpret the displays.

CONCLUSIONS

The improvement in observer accuracy obtained from radiographs displayed in three dimensions results from an imaging strategy that selectively increases the signal-to-noise ratio in regions of interest.
Clinical evaluation of lymphoscintigraphy with a new technetium compound for metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy
Authors: Sato T , Morita Y , Kawabata Y , Noikura T , Yamaguchi K , Sugihara K , Matsune S
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the potential usefulness of lymphoscintigraphy for the detection of metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy.

METHODS

Dynamic and static lymphoscintigraphy with 99Tcm-HSA-D was performed in 23 patients with malignant oropharyngeal tumors. The internal jugular nodes were excised and examined pathologically. The results of the lymphoscintigraphy were compared with the pathological examination and clinical palpation for accuracy.

RESULTS

All cases showed abnormal findings on lymphoscintigraphy. The accuracy on dynamic scintigraphy was 69% for asymmetric drainage, 69% for delayed drainage and 100% for inverse drainage. The overall accuracy for each side was 71%. With static scintigraphy, the accuracy was 69% for asymmetry, 86% for fitting defect, 67% for mottled-patchy appearance, 70% in swelling and 100% for collateral pathway. The overall accuracy for each side was 74%. The agreement between lymphoscintigraphy and palpation was 44%.

CONCLUSIONS

Lymphoscintigraphy with 99Tcm-HSA-D was superior to palpation. The method is useful as a supplementary modality for the evaluation of metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy because of its relatively high accuracy and a low false-negative rate.
Radiographic detection of approximal caries: a comparison of dental films and digital imaging systems
Authors: Syriopoulos K , Sanderink G C , Velders X L , van der Stelt P F
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES

To compare the diagnostic accuracy for the detection of approximal caries of two dental X-ray films, two CCD-based digital systems and two storage phosphor (SP) digital systems.

METHODS

Fifty-six surfaces in 56 extracted unrestored premolars were radiographed under standardised conditions using two E-speed dental film, Ektaspeed Plus (Eastman Kodak Co, Rochester, NY, USA) and Dentus M2 Comfort (Agfa-Gevaert, Mortsel, Belgium), two CCD systems, Sidexis (Sirona, Bensheim, Germany) and Visualix (Gendex, Milan, Italy) and two SP systems, Digora (Soredex, Helsinki, Finland) and DenOptix (Gendex, Milano, Italy). The images were assessed by eight observers (four radiologists and four general practitioners). True caries depth was determined by histological examination. True caries depth was subtracted from the values given by the observers and an analysis of variance was performed. The null hypothesis was rejected when P < 0.05.

RESULTS

No significant differences were found in diagnostic accuracy with the two dental films and the Sidexis and Digora systems. The depth of the lesion significantly affected observer performance. Caries depth was underestimated. Radiologists performed significantly better than general practitioners whatever the recording system.

CONCLUSION

The diagnostic accuracy of digital systems is comparable with that of dental films. The ability of dentists to recognise caries correctly is the main factor contributing to variation in radiographic diagnosis and not the imaging modality.
Intra-oral storage phosphor and conventional radiography in the assessment of alveolar bone structures
Authors: Kaeppler G , Vogel A , Axmann-Krcmar D
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES

To compare storage phosphor (SP) with conventional film radiography for accuracy of linear measurements of the marginal alveolar bone and visibility of anatomical structures.

METHODS

Linear measurements were made in paired SP and conventional images of dried human mandibles with a metal pin fixed 10 mm below the alveolar crest. One observer measured the distance from the alveolar crest to the reference point on the radiographs. The difference between the measured and the true distance was calculated. Two observers rated the visibility of bony structures (periodontal ligament space, periapical bone tissue, alveolar crest) in 51 paired digital and conventional images of 21 patients on a 3-point scale. Overall agreement and Kappa index were calculated.

RESULTS

Accuracy of linear measurements was higher in digital radiography (mean difference 0.17 mm) than in conventional radiography (mean difference 0.59 mm). Overall, the two observers rated visibility higher in conventional radiographs. The Kappa indices for the periodontal ligament space and periapical bone indicated fair to almost perfect agreement (kappa = 0.38 and 0.5; kappa = 0.39 and 0.84) while for the alveolar crest there was only poor or moderate agreement (kappa = 0.2 and 0.5).

CONCLUSIONS

The small differences in linear measurements indicate that the Digora system is suitable for clinical assessment of periodontal and peri-implant bone loss. The visibility of dental structures depends as much on the individual features assessed, as the radiographic system.
Survey of radiographic practices for periodontal disease in UK and Irish dental teaching hospitals
Authors: Tugnait A , Clerehugh D V , Hirschmann P N
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES

To assess current radiographic practices in dental teaching hospitals for the management of patients with periodontal diseases.

METHODS

All 17 dental teaching hospitals in UK and Ireland were sent a questionnaire on radiographic equipment and radiograph selection currently used for assessment of patients with destructive periodontal diseases. Opinions were recorded for advantages and disadvantages of the most frequently used radiographic views.

RESULTS

A 100% response rate was achieved. All hospitals used panoramic and specific periapical radiographs as one of their radiographic regimes for patients with periodontal disease. Fifty-three per cent of respondents most frequently took panoramic and selected periapical radiographs. Twenty-four per cent took full mouth periapical radiographs (FMPAs) most frequently and 18% took a panoramic radiograph alone. Twenty-four per cent of hospitals operated a protocol for selection of radiographs for periodontal patients.

CONCLUSIONS

The most commonly used views taken to assess periodontal status are panoramic radiographs with selected periapicals. Few hospitals operate a protocol for prescribing radiographs.
Sensitometric evaluation of a new F-speed dental radiographic film
Authors: Price C
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

To compare a new experimental Kodak (Eastman Kodak, Rochester, NY, USA) F-speed dental X-ray film with Ektaspeed Plus and Ultra-speed.

METHODS

The three types of film were exposed and processed under standardized conditions. Values of base plus fog, speed, and film contrast were derived. Resolution was compared by a line-pair plate.

RESULTS

Under these experimental conditions, the speed of the new film was just into the F-speed range, and a little over twice as fast as Ultra-speed. The Ektaspeed Plus emulsion was somewhat slower than previously recorded when it was first introduced, but around the centre of the E-speed range. Ektaspeed Plus and the new F-speed film had almost identical film contrasts, the F-speed film having slightly greater contrast in the higher density range. Ultra-speed contrast was marginally greater in the lower density range, but was overtaken by both of the other emulsions at higher densities. All three emulsions had low values of base plus fog. Both E- and F-speed films resolved 10 line-pairs per millimetre well, though both emulsions were inferior to Ultra-speed.

CONCLUSIONS

The new F-speed film, since marketed as Insight, provides a further saving in radiation exposure, with no evident deterioration in film contrast or resolution.
Sensitometric comparison of speed group E and F dental radiographic films
Authors: Geist J R , Brand J W
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the sensitometric characteristics of Insight, (Eastman Kodak, Rochester, NY, USA) a new F-speed film, in fresh and depleted processing solutions and compare them with Ektaspeed Plus.

METHODS

Two sets each of Insight (IP) and Ektaspeed Plus (EP) films were exposed to radiation levels ranging from 10.7 to 685.2 microGy. One set of films was processed in fresh chemicals while the other set was processed in solutions that had been used for 5 days to process over 500 radiographs. Unexposed films of both types were processed in both solutions to determine base-plus-fog density. Speed and contrast were measured according to ISO definitions and at other levels of density.

RESULTS

IP was in speed group F as measured at optical density 1 above base-plus-fog when processed under both conditions. It was 25% faster than EP when both were processed in new solutions and 35% faster in the old solutions, permitting a 20-24% reduction in exposure time. The speeds of both film types decreased when processed in used solutions, but the decrease was smaller for IP than for EP. Speeds at other density levels were greater for IP than EP. Contrast as defined by ISO, and over other density ranges, was similar for both films.

CONCLUSIONS

Insight is an F-speed film with a speed at least 25% greater than Ektaspeed Plus. IP is more resistant than Ektaspeed Plus to decreases in speed when processed in used chemicals. Contrast of IP and EP is comparable over several density ranges.
Evaluation of an ossifying fibroma using three-dimensional computed tomography
Authors: Cavalcanti M G , Ruprecht A , Vannier M W
Published: October 2024

We describe the appearance of a mandibular ossifying fibroma in spiral computed tomography-based multiplanar (MPR) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction using computer graphics. The usefulness of the interactive reconstructed images, especially using a vascular protocol, for qualitative and quantitative analyses is demonstrated. This technique is an important adjunct to evaluation with conventional axial CT.
Perioperative validation of localisation of the mental foramen
Authors: Bou Serhal C , Jacobs R , Flygare L , Quirynen M , van Steenberghe D
Published: October 2024

AIM

To assess the accuracy of panoramic radiography and spiral or computed tomography for the localisation of the mental foramen.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The distance from the alveolar crest to the mental foramen was measured from panoramic radiographs, spiral tomograms and CT scans. The same distance was measured during implant surgery using a specially designed caliper.

RESULTS

Panoramic radiography showed more deviation (+0.6 mm) from the perioperative measurements than either spiral or computed tomography (+0.4 and -0.3 mm respectively). The difference was significant (P<0.05). In general, distances were overestimated on the panoramic radiographs.

CONCLUSIONS

Cross-sectional imaging techniques are recommended for the pre-operative planning of implants in the posterior mandible.
Sustainable Approaches in Solid-phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS)
Authors: Pawlas J. , Rasmussen J. H.
Published: October 2024

Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) is a ubiquitous methodology for making peptides from R&D to manufacturing plant, not least in the context of using peptides and peptidometics as pharmaceuticals. Nevertheless, SPPS has long been plagued by its reliance on large amounts of hazardous materials such as dimethylformamide as the solvent and trifluoroacetic acid as the cleavage reagent. Consequently, with methods for producing peptides in a sustainable manner being in high demand, numerous reports covering various aspects of SPPS greening have appeared in recent years. In this chapter, an integrated overview of state-of-the-art methods in the sustainable SPPS field is presented, highlighting advances within the entire SPPS workflow from starting materials to amino acid coupling cycle to cleaving the peptide off the polymer support. Greener methods for the assembly of complex peptides and waste minimization tactics are also delineated, together with a discussion of adoption in practice, scale-up, procurement, costs and intellectual property as key considerations for attaining truly sustainable SPPS. Finally, a perspective on future directions towards elevating SPPS as a versatile, sustainable peptide synthesis platform is provided.
Oligonucleotide Regulatory Affairs and Challenges
Authors: Lemaitre M.
Published: October 2024

Considerations and requirements for taking an oligonucleotide therapeutic, synthesized with innovative sustainable processes, from the laboratory to clinical trials are discussed considering the regulatory aspects related to impurities and to the preparation of dossiers.
Greening Chromatographic Purification Processes
Authors: de Luca C. , Catani M. , Cavazzini A. , Felletti S.
Published: October 2024

Biopharmaceuticals (in particular, peptides and oligonucleotides) are becoming increasingly important in therapeutic treatments, owing to their unique characteristics that cannot be replicated by conventional drugs. Their production involves an upstream step, where the target biopharmaceutical is synthesized or produced through biotechnological approaches, followed by downstream processing, in which usually single-column preparative liquid chromatography (LC) is employed to obtain the target molecules at a suitable purity for pharmaceutical applications. This step is usually the main bottleneck in terms of the sustainability of the entire process because of the large volumes of solvents employed (e.g. acetonitrile). Since in recent years there has been growing awareness of environmental issues, there is urgency to seek novel approaches to increase the greenness of the downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals. This chapter gives an overview of the latest achievements in this field, which involve not only the substitution of harmful solvents and chemicals with greener materials but also the adoption of novel approaches based on multicolumn countercurrent preparative LC. These techniques not only allow the purification process to be automated but also considerably reduce solvent consumption compared with the common single-column approaches used in industrial production.
Synthetic and biological nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Oliveira Inês , Rodrigues-Santos Paulo , Ferreira Lino , Pires das Neves Ricardo
Published: October 2024

Nanoparticle battle for the control of the immune tumor microenvironment.
Strategies for enhancing the processability of UHMWPE
Authors: Collins Rice Clement G. , Evans Alexander , Turner Zoë R. , Wattoom Jirut , O'Hare Dermot
Published: October 2024

Four strategies to enhance the processability of UHMWPE are explored using heterogenised metallocene catalysts to produce polymers with decreased melt viscosity and excellent mechanical performance.
A bioactive multifunctional dressing with simultaneous visible monitoring of pH values and H2O2 concentrations for promoting diabetic wound healing
Authors: Huang Jimin , Huang Jinzhou , Zhang XinXin , Xie Qinyi , Zheng Yi , Shu Chaoqin , Shi Zhe , Wang Xiao , Chen Jiajie , Ma Bing , Wu Chengtie , Zhu Yufang
Published: October 2024

A pH and H2O2-monitoring dressing (MoO3−x–EuBG–SA) composed of sodium alginate, EuBG particles and MoO3−x nanosheets was successfully prepared for diabetic wound management and accelerating wound healing.
Isomeric diazapyrene–thiophene conjugated systems: synthesis, characterization, and transport properties
Authors: Li Honglei , Zhao Guodong , Tang Qingxin , Tian Hongkun , Wang Lixiang
Published: October 2024

Three key dihalogenated diazapyrene intermediates were synthesized and the corresponding isomeric co-oligomers with bithiophene demonstrated distinct position-dependence in the crystal structures, and optoelectronic and charge transport properties.
Folding of a dynamic macrocyclic system to stabilize its cation radical state
Authors: Dutta Arnab , Dzieszkowski Krzysztof , Farinone Marco , Orzeł Łukasz , Kruczała Krzysztof , Kijewska Monika , Pawlicki Miłosz
Published: October 2024

A precisely designed π-extended system responds to different stimuli by folding the structure, which prevents overoxidation and stabilizes the cation radical.
Intercellular lipid-cored, hectorite nanoplatelet-armored pickering emulsions with enhanced transdermal delivery and epidermal hydration
Authors: Lee Boryeong , Prabakaran Lakshmishri , Jang Minkyoung , Xuan Song Hua , Shin Kyounghee , Lee Sung Ho , Kim Jin Woong
Published: October 2024

An intercellular lipid-cored, hectorite nanoplatelet-armored Pickering emulsion system is proposed to enhance dermal penetration and moisture retention.
Acoustic field reconstruction in the presence of masking objects
Authors: Dabankah Emmanuel Manu , Totaro Nicolas , Colangeli Claudio , Antoni Jérôme
Published: October 2024

In acoustics, field reconstruction methods aim at retrieving acoustic fields (pressure, velocity and intensity) from acoustic measurements around a radiating source, which is often a vibrating structure of complex shape (pumps, engines…). If they are extensively used in laboratory conditions, their application to in situ characterization is not straightforward due to the presence of disturbing sources or masking objects, or to non-anechoic environments. The inverse Patch Transfer Function (iPTF) approach, thanks to the concept of virtual acoustic volume modelled by a finite element model, has already demonstrated its ability to deal with sources of complex shape and the presence of disturbing stationary sources in a non-anechoic acoustic environment. The objective of this article is to show how the presence of rigid masking objects can be easily and efficiently taken into account. A numerical experiment consisting of a thin, simply supported rectangular plate radiating noise in a semi-infinite acoustic field and partially masked by a rigid parallelepiped is presented. The acoustic fields identified and the directivity diagrams are compared with the reference and show that iPTF is able to cancel the presence of the masking object even if the latter completely covers the radiating plate. Finally, an industrial example consisting in an electric motor in operation is presented. Two configurations were tested: with and without the presence of a rigid object. Comparison of the results shows that the fields identified are in good agreement, demonstrating the ability of iPTF to cancel out the effect of masking objects.
Technological Innovation and Significance of Vertical Farming System in High-Density Urban Areas
Authors: Zhou Yuning
Published: October 2024

Recently, the issue of sustainability of food supply has arisen in some of the high-density cities. To meet the growing demand for food, a solution has been proposed which could be the development of urban vertical farms. Although many practical examples exist, their comprehensive analyses and comparisons still need to be developed more. Therefore, this paper provides an in-depth study of technological innovations in urban vertical farming systems in high-density cities. By selecting some critical cases, such as The Plant in Chicago, Sky Greens in Singapore, Aero Farms in New Jersey, and Sunqiao Urban Agriculture Zone in Shanghai, and explaining their sustainable and innovative applications, the article assesses the strengths and limitations of these developments. In addition, the contribution of urban vertical farming at the individual, city, and natural environment levels is discussed, and it is concluded that the combination of hydroponics and vertical farming is an effective solution to the challenges of urban agriculture. Overall, this study explores the solutions offered by vertical farming in increasing food production, maintaining high quality and safety, and promoting sustainable urban agriculture.
Barrier distribution extraction via Gaussian process regression
Authors: Godbey Kyle
Published: October 2024

This work presents a novel method for extracting potential barrier distributions from experimental fusion cross sections. We utilize a simple Gaussian process regression (GPR) framework to model the observed cross sections as a function of energy for three nuclear systems. The GPR approach offers a flexible way to represent the experimental data, accommodating potentially complex behavior without introducing strong prior assumptions. This method is applied directly to experimental data and is compared to the traditional direct extraction technique. We discuss the advantages of GPR-based barrier distribution extraction, including the capability to quantify uncertainties and robustness to noise in the experimental data.
Macroscopic-Microscopic Fission Yields
Authors: Mumpower Matthew , Sprouse Trevor , Verriere Marc , Vassh Nicole , Randrup Jorgen
Published: October 2024

We utilize the macroscopic-microscopic approach to fission to calculate nascent fragment distributions. Assuming strongly damped shape motion, we run many iterations of a Metropolis random walk across nuclear potential-energy surfaces to obtain sufficient scission statistics. Our nuclear potential surfaces consist of a macroscopic energy from the Finite-Range Liquid-Drop Model (FRLDM) and microscopic terms that arise from the single-particle spectra. We compare our predictions for two major actinides to experimental data. We present global trends from this modeling that manifest as a function of mass number of the fissioning species. We discuss the impact of fission yield modeling on nucleosynthetic outcomes.
The Abnormal Threshold Anomaly in the 6Li + 208Pb System
Authors: Huang Z. J. , Lin C. J. , Yang L. , Jia H. M. , Yang F. , Ma N. R. , Wen P. W. , Luo T. P. , Chang C. , Duan H. R. , Zhu S. X. , Yin C. , Yang J. H.
Published: October 2024

Numerous studies have demonstrated that the phenomenological optical potential of tightly bound nuclear systems presents a threshold anomaly phenomenon in the near-Coulomb barrier energy region, where the relationship between the real and imaginary potentials can be well described by the dispersion relation. However, for some weakly bound nuclear systems, the phenomenological optical potential seems to manifest diﬀerently, and the dispersion relation struggles to describe the behavior between real and imaginary potentials. Recently, we measured the angular distributions of the transfer reaction 207Pb(7Li,6Li)208Pb in both near and deep barrier energy regions, as well as the elastic scattering angular distributions of the entrance channel 7Li+207Pb. Optical potentials of the 6Li+208Pb system were extracted.The current results indicate that the optical potentials exhibit an abnormal threshold anomaly, and the dispersion relation is not applicable. Possible explanations are discussed, yet further investigations into the underlying physics are required.
Spreading width converted from optical model for α incident scattering
Authors: Fumimoto Toshihiro , Maeda Taiki , Ishihara Masaya , Nakamoto Riu , Ito Makoto
Published: October 2024

We convert the optical potential in the α + 40Ca elastic scattering, which is determined so as to reproduce the diﬀerential cross section precisely, into the spreading width. This spreading width represents the decay width of the α + 40Ca resonance into the more complicated states. The conversion of the optical potential into the spreading width is achieved by the method of the absorbing boundary condition, and it is compared with the escape width of the α emission. The dissociation strength of 44Ti into the α + 40Ca continuum states is calculated to see the eﬀect of the spreading width more clearly. We also estimate the upper value of the decay width into the compound nuclear state, which is a part of the spreading width, on the basis of the formula similar to the strength function originally used in the low-energy neutron scattering.
Study of transfer-like fragments for 136Xe+209Bi/176Yb: Prospect for multinucleon transfer reactions at IGISOL
Authors: Kumar D. , Dickel T. , Zadvornaya A. , Beliuskina O. , Kankainen A.
Published: October 2024

Multinucleon transfer (MNT) reactions have been demonstrated as a promising pathway to produce and study very neutron-rich heavy nuclei, which can enhance our understanding of the nuclear structural features relevant to the r-process. Translead fragments were produced from the MNT reaction approach using 136Xe+209Bi at IGISOL utilizing an MNT gas cell. The 211Bi, 211mPo, 211Po, and 212mPo nuclei have been observed prominently in the α-decay spectrum. The Geant4 simulation, which played a crucial role in optimizing the experimental parameters, reveals broader angular-energy distributions of MNT fragments released from a thick target compared to those observed from the GRAZING and Langevin models for a mono-energetic beam. Comparative yield analyses of MNT fragments for 136Xe+209Bi and 136Xe+176Yb reactions estimated using Geant4 Simulation as well as analytical formula support the production of many neutron-rich unknown mass nuclei in the rare-earth region.
Sub-barrier fusion dynamics in 28,30Si induced reactions with medium mass targets
Authors: Prajapat Rinku , Sagwal Malvika , Maiti Moumita , Kumar Rishabh , Kaur Pavneet , Singh Ankur , Sharma Himanshu , Arafat Yasir , Gonika  , Kumar Chandra , Biswas Rohan , Gehlot J. , Nath S. , Madhavan N.
Published: October 2024

The state-of-the-art technologies made it possible to reach the realms of fusion between two complex nuclei that offer an opportunity to explore a diverse spectrum of fusion phenomena. In this article, we have reported the influence of positive Q-value neutron transfer (PQNT) channels in fusion dynamics. Significant enhancement in sub-barrier fusion cross section has been observed for the 28Si+158Gd as compared to 30Si+140Ce and other similar systems with nearby mass asymmetry. Current findings include a comparison of the fusion excitation function of multiple systems on a reduced scale. The study sheds light on the influence of PQNT channels and deformation in nuclei on the sub-barrier fusion phenomenon. Further, fusion barrier parameters (barrier height and radius) extracted from the measured data demonstrate a good agreement with the empirical parameterization and proximity potential models.
Fiber Lasers – Advancing the Frontier of High Power Light
Authors: Galvanauskas Almantas
Published: October 2024

During the last two and a half decades fiber lasers underwent a revolutionary transformation in their power from initially operating at Watt level to currently capable of producing multi-kW beams. This enabled a widespread use of fiber lasers in a wide range of industrial and defense applications. These revolutionary advances in power and energy are continuing, mostly along the path of coherent and incoherent combining of multiple fiber lasers, which exploits the advantage inherent in fiber technologies for monolithic integration to achieve compact and robust systems even with a large number of parallel laser channels. This is a particularly promising pathway for scaling powers and energies of ultrashort pulse lasers for driving secondary radiation sources of energetic accelerated electrons and positrons, as well as generating high energy neutrons, protons, gamma rays and high-brightness X-rays, which promise new application areas ranging from fundamental science to material science, biology, medicine, and numerous new industrial uses.

This summer school lecture will cover fundamentals of rare-earth doped fiber lasers, will describe numerous innovations that enabled ultra-large core fibers constituting the foundation of high power lasers, will survey state-of-the-art performance of different types of laser systems, and will review recent progress in coherently combined fiber lasers.
Is modelocking the most successful self-organized phenomenon?
Authors: Ilday Fatih Ömer
Published: October 2024

Passive modelocking is the spontaneous self-organization of all light within a laser cavity that is initially disordered into a short pulse. The tutorial begins with a brief history, introduces the fundamental principles, and discusses modern modelocked lasers, and open questions.
Photoacoustic imaging with applications in the breast
Authors: Manohar Srirang
Published: October 2024

We present the basic physics, technology and applications of photoacoustic imaging. We start with the motivation to use the method, show how image formation takes place, show examples of photoacoustic imaging configurations developed. We close with potential clinical applications, focusing on breast cancer imaging.
Applications of AI in nonlinear fiber optic
Authors: Genty Goëry , Hary Mathilde , Mabed Mehdi , Ermolaev Andrei , Brunner Daniel , Dudley John M.
Published: October 2024

We will review recent advances in the use of machine learning for ultrafast nonlinear fiber-optics control and optimization.
Low differential phase noise ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier system for coherent beam combination
Authors: Yu Weilong , Hou Changshun , Kerridge-Johns William R. , Nilsson Johan
Published: October 2024

A two-channel ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier system with active phase-locking reaches a differential phase noise of only 40 mrad (X/160) at 200-W channel power. Frequencies above 30 Hz did not require noise suppression, thus simplifying advanced beam-shaping through coherent beam combination.
From Matter Waves to Quantum Sensors
Authors: Bouyer Philippe
Published: October 2024

Matter-wave sensors drive versatile interferometers for on-field operations and fundamental exploration, emphasizing enhanced navigation through quantum-classical integration, promising optimized performance and miniaturization. These advancements fuel competitive research in precision metrology, marking a transformative era in scientific exploration and technological innovation.
35 Core Polarization-Maintaining Multi-core Fiber for High Power Operation
Authors: Khalil Yahia , Grimm Moritz , Klenke Arno , Bahri Mehran , Jauregui Cesar , Nold Johannes , Haarlammert Nicoletta , Schreiber Thomas , Limpert Jens
Published: October 2024

This work presents a novel rod-type 35 core multi-core fiber design that is capable of overcoming the inherent lack of polarization maintenance in such structures. A polarization extinction ratio of 10.5dB is achieved.
300-mW average power in 22-fs pulses from a multi-mode diode pumped Yb:CALGO oscillator
Authors: Trawi F. , Drs J. , Müller M. , Hamrouni M. , Wittwer V.J. , Südmeyer T.
Published: October 2024

We present a multi-mode diode-pumped Yb:CALGO laser oscillator based on cross-polarization pumping. Using this method, we demonstrate 22-fs pulses at 0.3 W, which is the shortest duration for any Yb- based bulk laser oscillator utilizing multimode-diode pumping.
Growth, spectroscopy and laser operation of in-band pumped Ho3+-doped Yttrium Gallium Garnet
Authors: Slimi Sami , Mateos Xavier , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin , Kränkel Christian , Loiko Pavel , Solé Rosa Maria , Aguiló Magdalena , Díaz Francesc , Chen Weidong , Petrov Valentin , Griebner Uwe
Published: October 2024

We report on the crystal growth of a 2.86 at.% Ho:YGG crystal, its structural and spectroscopic characterization, as well as on its first laser operation near 2.1 µm under in-band pumping by a Tm-fiber laser.
Transient Analysis of Pump-induced Lensing Effects in Alexandrite Lasers Using Pump-Probe Technique
Authors: Jiang Xunuo , Xiao Huaifeng , Damzen Michael J.
Published: October 2024

A novel transient pump-probe method is used to differentiate thermal and population pump-induced lensing mechanisms. In diode-pumped Alexandrite lasers, excellent agreement is found between theory and experiment and the population lens is found to be dominant in non-lasing amplifier.
Coherent combining of broadband pulses after free space optical parametric amplification
Authors: Jansonas Gaudenis , Erdman Emily C. , Novák Jakub , Antipenkov Roman , Grossmann Vojtěch , Horáček Martin , Naylon Jack Alexander , Bakule Pavel
Published: October 2024

In this study, we present the proof of concept of the polarization-based filled-aperture coherent combination of two distinct broadband sub-20fs transform limited pulse duration optical parametric chirped pulse amplification systems in free-space. An average combination efficiency of 90% is demonstrated.
Dual-oscillator field-resolved infrared spectroscopy with 2-octave-spanning spectral coverage
Authors: Steinleitner Philipp , Potamianos Dionysios , Paudel Arun , Gröbmeyer Sebastian , Sebesta Aleksandar , Chamankar Amaj , Heydarian Hojjat , Jahedi Behnam Abbasvand , Kowalczyk Maciej , Lenke Nathalie , Krausz Ferenc , Weigel Alexander
Published: October 2024

We present dual-oscillator field-resolved infrared spectroscopy based on two ultrafast Cr:ZnS oscillators. The instrument combines cascaded intra-pulse-difference- frequency generation with ultra-rapid electro-optic sampling to record infrared spectra over the range 800-3300 cm-1 at sub-millisecond scan times.

© 2024 The Author(s)
Broadband regenerative amplifier based on Ho:CALGO at 2.1 μm
Authors: Suzuki Anna , Ahmed Shahwar , Wang Yicheng , Tomilov Sergei , Saraceno Clara J.
Published: October 2024

We present a broadband Ho:CALGO regenerative amplifier operating at 2.1 μm, delivering a pulse energy of 342 μJ at 1 kHz with a spectral bandwidth of 5 nm, supporting sub-ps pulse duration.
Sub-millijoule-level Fe:ZnSe chirped pulse amplifier seeded by KTA-based OPA system
Authors: Okazaki Daiki , Kanai Tsuneto , Yu Linpeng , Kirita Yuri , Yasuhara Ryo , Tokita Shigeki
Published: October 2024

We developed a Fe:ZnSe chirped pulse amplifier with a KTA-based optical parametric amplifier, achieving 0.6 mJ pulses at 4-micron wavelength. It should be inherently carrier envelope phase stable and applicable to strong field science.
Orange Sm:LiYF4 lasers emitting at 605 nm
Authors: Demaimay Jonathan , Loiko Pavel , Kifle Esrom , Pau Florence , Recoque Gilles , Benayad Abdelmjid , Georges Thierry , Camy Patrice , Braud Alain
Published: October 2024

We report on polarized spectroscopy and orange laser operation under 2ω-OPSL and GaN-diode pumping of Sm:LiYF4 crystals. The Samarium laser delivers 12 mW at 605 nm with a threshold of 51 mW and a linear polarization.
Interventions Thérapeutiques Musicales (ITM) et Éducation Thérapeutique du Patient (ETP)
Authors: Zollet Benoit , Pellecchia Alessandra , Fabre Sylvie , Guétin Stéphane
Published: October 2024

Introduction : L’ETP implique un cadre éducatif alors que la musicothérapie relève d’un cadre thérapeutique. Ainsi, les objectifs poursuivis ne sont pas nécessairement les mêmes. Comment alors intégrer le soin par la musique à l’ETP ? Objectif : Nous avons souhaité explorer la pertinence des ITM dans le cadre de l’ETP. Description : Des séances d’ETP basées sur la musique ont été réalisées auprès de quinze patients atteints de maladies chroniques, inscrits à des programmes d’ETP en présentiel ou en web-atelier au cours des années 2020 et 2021. Les ressentis des participants face à la pertinence des ITM pour gérer notamment l’anxiété et la fatigue dans leur soin quotidien ont été examinés. Discussion : Les ateliers réalisés montrent la faisabilité de sensibiliser les patients au soin par la musique dans le cadre de l’ETP. La gestion des émotions, du stress, la communication ou la création de liens interpersonnels sont autant d’aspects pouvant être abordés par les ITM en ETP. Les ITM pourraient également être utiles en ETP pour favoriser une prise de recul des patients par rapport à leur pathologie. Conclusion : Les ITM peuvent être ajustés au cadre de l’ETP de manière pertinente, que ce soit en présentiel ou en web-atelier.
Classical and quantum frequency combs for satellite-based clock synchronization
Authors: Gosalia Ronakraj K. , Aguinaldo Ryan , Green Jonathan , Leopardi Holly , Brereton Peter , Malaney Robert
Published: October 2024

The next generation of space-based networks for communications, sensing, and navigation will contain optical clocks embedded within satellites. To fully realize the capabilities of such clocks, high-precision clock synchronization across the networks will be necessary. Current experiments have shown the potential for classical frequency combs to synchronize remote optical clocks over free space. However, these classical combs are restricted in precision to the standard quantum limit. Quantum frequency combs, however, which exhibit quantum properties such as squeezing and entanglement, provide pathways for going beyond the standard quantum limit. Here, we present our perspective on the prospects for practical clock synchronization in space using both classical and quantum frequency combs. We detail the current outcomes achievable with a classical frequency comb approach to synchronization, before quantifying the potential outcomes offered by quantum frequency combs. Challenges to be overcome in deploying frequency combs in space are presented, and the implications of almost-perfect synchronization for future space-based applications and experiments are discussed.
Exploration study of nickel slag/modified slag in the ultra-precision polishing of magnetic compound fluid
Authors: Wang Youliang , Yu Puyao , Zhang Wenjuan , Yin Xincheng , Shen Yingying , Li Bin
Published: October 2024

Nickel slag is the solid waste obtained from the nickel smelting process. Based on the magnetic elements in nickel slag, it is a potential ingredient that could be used in magnetic compound fluid (MCF) polishing. This work discusses polishing in MCF using nickel slag and modified slag. Investigations are conducted into how MCF is affected by the amount of modified slag and nickel slag present during polishing. The connections between shear force, position, material removal rate, morphological characteristics, and polishing quality are covered. Nickel slag is mixed with CaO, the alkalinity is adjusted, and the mixture is heated to 1500 °C to fully melt and oxidize it. The resulting product is modified slag. The morphological changes in MCF slurry before and after polishing were examined using an industrial camera, and the effect of different MCF slurry components on polishing performance was analyzed throughout the polishing process. In addition, the positioning of modified slag within the magnetic cluster formed during the polishing process was determined through a scanning electron microscope and by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy mapping of MCF slurry. The aforementioned research establishes the polishing mechanism for nickel slag and modified slag. The experimental results indicate that the polishing effect of the experimental group with added modified slag is better than that of added nickel slag. Under the same conditions, the surface roughness was reduced by 60% when modified slag was used instead of nickel slag. It was found that the optimal process is where the modified slag content is 10%, where the material removal rate is 1.207 × 108µm3/min and the surface roughness decrease rate is 95.482%. The polishing shear force is around 2.7N, which is twice as much as that of nickel slag.
Optimal design of PdAu/In2O3 catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation
Authors: Xu Xingtang , Li Yanwei , Sun Guang , Cao Jianliang , Wang Yan , Xu Wenjuan
Published: October 2024

Efficient catalyst design has garnered significant interest in recent decades due to its potential to address both the challenges of the greenhouse effect and energy shortages by facilitating the conversion of CO2 into valuable chemicals through catalytic reactions. To investigate maximizing the synergistic effects of supported PdAu catalysts, we conducted first-principles calculations on the activation and decomposition of CO2 and H2 on the PdAu/In2O3(110) system. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of a secondary metal (Au) into the supported Pd catalyst, in conjunction with precise control over Au concentration, exerts influence on both reactant binding energy and activation. The adsorption and activation of CO2 at the interface sites of Au4/In2O3(110) and PdAu3/In2O3(110) are not observed. The transition state for the dissociation of CO2 into *CO and *O is determined based on adsorbed CO2, providing insights into the properties of activated CO2. The Bronsted–Evans–Polanyi relation, which correlates activation barriers (Ea) with reaction energies (Er), was established for the CO2 dissociation mechanism on PdAu/In2O3(110) catalysts using equation E = 0.4Ea + 0.63. It was carried out to investigate the H2-dissociated adsorption processes and mobility energy on various PdAu/In2O3(110) catalysts. Finally, a highly efficient Pd2Au2/In2O3 catalyst for the hydrogenation of CO2 into methanol has been proposed. This research provides valuable insights into the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol using bimetal-oxide catalysts and contributes to the optimization of the design of PdAu/In2O3 catalysts for CO2 reactions.
Photovoltaic-driven dual-oxidation seawater electrolyzer for sustainable lithium recovery
Authors: Gu Xiaosong , Feng Xuezhen , Yang Songhe , Wang Ranhao , Zeng Qiang , Shangguan Yangzi , Liang Jiaxin , Zhou Huiling , Li Zhiwei , Lin Zhang , Zheng Chunmiao , Xu Zhenghe , Chen Hong
Published: October 2024

The insatiable demand for lithium in portable energy storage necessitates a sustainable and low-carbon approach to its recovery. Conventional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical methods heavily involve hazardous chemicals and significant CO
2
emissions. Herein, by integrating electrode oxidation with electrolyte oxidation, we establish a photovoltaic-driven “dual-oxidation” seawater electrolyzer system for low-carbon footprint and high lithium recovery. A 98.96% lithium leaching rate with 99.60% product purity was demonstrated for lithium recovery from spent LiFePO
4
cathode materials. In-depth mechanism studies reveal that the electric field-driven electrode oxidation and in situ generated oxidative electrolyte synergetically contributes to lithium ions leaching via a structural framework elements oxidation and particle corrosion splitting synergy. This dual-oxidation mechanism facilitates rapid and efficient lithium extraction with broad universality, offering significant economic and environmental benefits. Our work showcases a promising strategy for integrating dual oxidation within a photovoltaic-driven seawater electrolyzer, paving the way for low-carbon lithium recovery from diverse solid wastes and minerals within a sustainable circular economy.
Finite element modeling for analyzing the production of high-strength steel sheets for automobile parts
Authors: Sanrutsadakorn Apichat , Jhonthong Napatsakorn , Julsri Weerapong
Published: October 2024

An investigation was conducted on developing components from high-strength steel sheet grade 590, with a thickness of 2.40 millimeters, using finite element analysis. The focus was on predicting springback and deviation behavior during the manufacturing process of a Member C inner workpiece. The research comprised a comprehensive examination of chemical composition, microstructural analysis, and mechanical property testing to establish suitable material models for the forming process. Three material models were evaluated for accuracy, including the Barlat89 yield criteria, the Y-U model, and the Barlat89 yield criteria + Y-U model. Cyclic tension-compression tests were used to determine the parameters of the Barlat89 yield criteria + Y-U model, which were then confirmed using the 1-element model. The predicted bend angles for the manufactured samples were highly consistent with the experimental measurements. The three models were used to predict the strain distribution, springback and deviation behavior in the produced components. The results indicated that all three material models produced similar results in terms of strain distribution. However, the Barlat89 yield criteria + Y-U model exhibited the least inaccuracy when all seven sections were averaged, with angles θ1L of 93.66 degrees and θ1R of 93.13 degrees, underscoring its superior performance in predicting springback. The deviation behavior predicted by the three material model simulations was very comparable. Consequently, it can be concluded that the Barlat89 yield criteria + Y-U model represented the most precise and suitable choice for simulating the formation of the Member C inner component.