bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissection videos as a virtual veterinary anatomy peer learning tool: Trialled at the University of Tehran during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Sadeghinezhad Javad
Published: July 2022

The Covid‐19 pandemic forced universities around the world to use online education instead of face‐to‐face teaching. Veterinary anatomy training was also affected, and laboratory classes were disrupted by this transition. To reduce the effects of virtual education on students' anatomy learning, peer learning using dissection videos was introduced at University of Tehran. This study describes the design and implementation of this method and evaluates the students' perceptions regarding this programme. The opinions of 98 students were examined using a questionnaire. The data showed that dissection videos were one of the main sources of anatomy study (67.3%). Among students who used videos, 69.6% students became more interested in anatomy and 73% learned anatomy better with this approach. Students used these videos to review anatomy (88.7%) and even learn new content (87.6%). Most surveyed students used laptops (73%) and cell phones (14.6%) to watch videos. In this study, 19.1% of respondents were estimated to be low users, 68.5% medium users and 12.4% high users. A large number of students (83.1%) trusted their peer teacher in providing the lesson. Dissection videos play an important role in conveying a three‐dimensional understanding of anatomical structures, and peer teaching is also effective in learning because of the strong connection between tutors and tutees. This study supports students' acceptance of the use of peer dissection videos for learning online veterinary anatomy.
Three cases of symmetrical drug‐related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE) induced by proton‐pump inhibitors
Authors: Spigariolo Cristina B. , Barei Francesca , Maronese Carlo A. , Barberi Francesco , Cattaneo Angelo , Violetti Silvia Alberti
Published: July 2022

Symmetrical drug‐related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE), previously termed drug‐related baboon syndrome, is an uncommon drug eruption. It is characterized by symmetrical erythema involving the gluteal and/or inguinal area in association with one other intertriginous area in the absence of systemic involvement. It typically develops a few hours to days after drug exposure. The diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and drug history. The treatment consists mainly of withdrawal of the causative agent; corticosteroids (topical or systemic) are prescribed to accelerate the resolution. We present three cases that appeared after proton‐pump inhibitors (PPIs) intake.
Review of dermatologic medications and impact on male fertility, sexual dysfunction and teratogenicity
Authors: Hui Edward XW , Huang Xiaoling , Oon Hazel H.
Published: July 2022

Background

Dermatologic medications have been linked to issues with safety during pregnancy and lactation. Despite this, limited research, often with conflicting findings, has been published on the association between dermatologic medications, male infertility, sexual dysfunction and teratogenicity following paternal exposure.

Objective

This review seeks to provide evidence‐based guidance for physicians who are prescribing dermatologic medications to male patients who are trying to conceive.

Methods

Common medications used in the largest outpatient specialist dermatologic centre in Singapore were the focus of this review. A PubMed search using MeSH terms from inception to April 22, 2021, was conducted. A secondary search was conducted to include common non‐dermatologic medications. Drug information from various online clinical resources and the Tenth Edition of Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation was also used as a reference.

Results

In this review of 234 studies, 131 medications were covered. A total of 34 medications were associated with male infertility and sexual dysfunction, while 16 medications were implicated with concerns of teratogenicity.

Discussion and conclusion

Physicians are advised to discuss the potential impact on male fertility and teratogenicity with males who are trying to conceive while taking into consideration the clinical efficacy and tolerability of these medications and alternative treatments.
TRIM26 inhibits hepatitis B virus replication by promoting HBx degradation and TRIM26 genetic polymorphism predicts PegIFNα treatment response of HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B Patients
Authors: Luo Mengqi , Hou Jia , Mai Haoming , Chen Jiaxuan , Chen Haitao , Zhou Bin , Hou Jinlin , Jiang De‐Ke
Published: July 2022

Background

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global health burden. TRIM26 has been reported to affect hepatitis C virus replication.

Aims

To manifest the role of TRIM26 on HBV replication and explore if there are single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TRIM26 associated with response to pegylated interferon‐alpha (PegIFNα) treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Methods

We investigated the effect and mechanism of TRIM26 on HBV replication in vitro. The association between SNPs in TRIM26 and PegIFNα treatment response was evaluated in two independent cohorts including 238 and 707 patients with HBeAg‐positive CHB.

Results

Knockdown of TRIM26 increased, while overexpression of TRIM26 inhibited, HBV replication. Co‐immunoprecipitation assays and immunofluorescence showed that TRIM26 interacted and co‐localised with HBx. Co‐transfection of HBx‐HIS and TRIM26‐FLAG plasmids in Huh7 cells showed that TRIM26 inhibited the expression of HBx. Furthermore, TRIM26 inhibited HBV replication by mediating HBx ubiquitination degradation, and TRIM26 SPRY domain was responsible for the interaction and degradation of HBx. Besides, IFN increased TRIM26 expression. TRIM26 rs116806878 was associated with response to PegIFNα in two CHB cohorts. Moreover, a polygenic score integrating TRIM26 rs116806878, STAT4 rs7574865 and CFB rs12614 (previously reported to be associated with response to PegIFNα) was related to response to PegIFNα in CHB.

Conclusions

TRIM26 inhibits HBV replication; IFN promotes TRIM26 expression. TRIM26 exerts an inhibitory effect on HBx by promoting ubiquitin‐mediated degradation of HBx. Furthermore, TRIM26 rs116806878 is a potential predictive biomarker of response to PegIFNα in patients with CHB.
A critical physical geography of no‐till agriculture: Linking degraded environmental quality to conservation policies in an Oregon watershed
Authors: Malone Melanie , McClintock Nathan
Published: July 2022

A variety of agricultural conservation trends have gained and lost favour throughout the years, with farm bills in the United States often influencing which conservation practices are implemented. This paper explores the consequences of a set of conservation techniques loosely defined as “no‐till agriculture,” focusing on their implementation and adoption since 1985, at which point such approaches began to be explicitly encouraged under US Farm Bill soil conservation mandates. We begin by noting a core contradiction that has characterized these approaches in the Fifteenmile Watershed of Wasco County, Oregon, where despite high rates of farmer enrollment in no‐till programs, both no‐till agriculture and sustained tillage have led to the increased use of herbicides and sustained sediment runoff. Using a critical physical geography framework that integrates intensive physical field data collection, spatial analysis, social surveys, and interviews, we address the biophysical and social factors collectively driving changes in herbicide use and variable erosion estimates. We draw particular attention to how farm bill support for no‐till has enrolled farmers in a vaguely defined and underregulated conservation practice that may ultimately undermine environmental quality.
Response: Sometimes we wish Chris and Sam had died of cancer! – a response to Commentaries on the May 2022 Debate
Authors: Cannon Jane , Gould Ian
Published: July 2022

The debate articles in CAMH Journal, May 2022, have received some responses from contributors who are well known for their anti‐diagnosis views concerning borderline personality disorder (BPD). Within these responses, we had hoped to see these campaigners try to test their worldview against our tragic experiences but we have been sadly disappointed. Our daughters actually lived in the world these campaigners hope to construct: a world where professionals behave as if BPD does not exist, a world where NICE Guidance for BPD is therefore entirely ignored. That world led to our daughters' deterioration and deaths. We address the main arguments against diagnosis as we have come to understand them and end with a plea to channel the passions of this debate into a solution that would have helped Sam and Chris.
Menopause, skin and common dermatoses. Part 4: oral disorders
Authors: Ashraf Mariha , Kamp Erin , Musbahi Esra , DeGiovanni Claudia
Published: July 2022

The physiological impact of declining oestrogen levels during menopause has been well documented. We conducted a literature review to assess the impact of menopause on oral health. Falling oestrogen levels are associated with adverse effects on the gingival, oral and buccal epithelia. The symptoms prevalent in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women range from dry mouth to immune-mediated mucocutaneous disease and burning mouth syndrome. Our review has highlighted the need for further research into potential treatments for oral symptoms in menopause, particularly with regard to hormone replacement therapy.
A qualitative study exploring the perceptions of health among pre‐teen girls from disadvantaged communities in Dublin
Authors: Dow Mckenzie , Murrin Celine , O'Malley Grace , Brinkley Aoife , Bel‐Serrat Silvia
Published: July 2022

There are disparities in health outcomes between youth from higher and lower socioeconomic backgrounds, and girls are especially vulnerable to changes in health‐related behaviours as they develop. Therefore, this study explored how girls from disadvantaged communities in Dublin, Ireland, make sense of ‘being healthy.’ A phenomenological qualitative design was implemented. Three focus groups were conducted (n = 22, 10–12 years) and data were analysed using thematic analysis. Food and physical appearance featured prominently within the girls' definitions of health. Girls and their families from low‐SES backgrounds may experience more difficulties with time scarcity as well as environmental barriers to a healthy lifestyle.
A new method for determination of the relative colour strength of dye based on new colour depth formula. Part II: application to different batches of colourant
Authors: Xie Wanzi , Wang Hongbo , Yang Hongying , Zhang Jingjing , Qi Mengyuan
Published: July 2022

As a standard for the evaluation of relative colour strength (RCS) of dye, AATCC EP‐6 (SWL [K/S], SUM, and WSUM) has been widely used, while its limitations are often overlooked by people. In Part I of this study, the new method Yangn (CSV1, CSV2, and CSV3) for the determination of RCS were proposed, Yangn and AATCC EP‐6 were tested using the different types of disperse dyes that have approximate hues. However, the calculations of RCS for the same dyes produced in different batches were also necessary, therefore, this article (Part II) focuses on it. The HL series dyes produced in 2020 and 2021 were used to test Yangn and AATCC EP‐6. The same results as Part I, the colour strength values calculated by SWL, SUM, and WSUM were inconsistent. Furthermore, in the methods of AATCC EP‐6, the colour strength values calculated by WSUM should be at least rounded to four decimal places to avoid false calculation; the value of Yangn only need to be rounded to two decimal places. For the RCS of the same dyes produced in different batches, the methods of AATCC EP‐6 and Yangn were relatively the same under different dyeing concentrations. The coefficient of variation (CV) values of Yangn were < 1.3%, the CV values of AATCC EP‐6 were < 2%. Therefore, according to the consistency of the calculation, the CV values and the dependence on the concentration, the new methods of Yangn were superior to the traditional methods.
Risk factors for increased length of hospital stay among young pediatric patients who suffer facial fractures
Authors: Stanbouly Dani , Kocaelli Humeyra , Arce Kevin , Selvi Firat
Published: July 2022

Background/Aim

It is not known whether the mechanism of facial trauma influences the associated length of hospitalization. The aim of this study was to determine whether the mechanism of injury influenced the length of hospital stay (LOS) among pediatric patients who sustained facial fractures.

Materials and methods

This retrospective cohort study was completed using the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID). The primary predictor variable was the mechanism of injury. The primary outcome variable was LOS. Linear regression was used to determine independent predictors of increased/decreased length of stay. A p‐value of less than .05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The final sample consisted of 2865 subjects aged 12 years or younger who had suffered facial fractures. The most common mechanism of injury was motor vehicle accidents (MVA) (58.6%). Facial fractures due to MVA added 1.20 days (95% CI, 0.02, 2.38; p < .05) when compared to those due to a fall.

Conclusions

MVA significantly prolonged the LOS among young pediatric patients who sustained facial fractures, reflecting the exceptional amount of force involved. Having a chronic condition was also a significant factor for longer LOS. Four or more fractures also led to a longer LOS.
Landscape woody features, local management and vegetation composition shape moth communities in extensively managed grasslands
Authors: Kühne Isabel , Arlettaz Raphaël , Humbert Jean‐Yves
Published: July 2022

Agricultural intensification has led to a dramatic impoverishment of biodiversity. Moths are not an exception: rapid declines of common and widespread species have been reported and it is still not clear which conservation measures should be applied to restore their populations.

We investigated how much of the variation in moth assemblages inhabiting extensively managed meadows in a region of high‐intensity agriculture is explained by surrounding woody landscape features, meadow management and vegetation composition, and which specific variables are the most influential.

Results show that the percentage of forest and the length of hedgerows within a 250 m radius were especially important for forest macromoths, explaining 42% of variation in abundance and 23% of species richness, whereas meadow management played a relatively marginal role. The abundance of grassland macromoths was also positively influenced by the length of hedgerows in the landscape (combined with elevation it explained 10% of the variance), while it responded negatively to uncut refuge and to delayed mowing (7%). Regarding grassland macromoth species richness, the annual harvesting frequency was the main predictor (4%). In contrast, micromoth abundance was more influenced by meadow management, notably the date of the first cut (4%) and vegetation composition (8%, though not conclusive due to a single outlier), whereas landscape features explained nothing.

Altogether, these results demonstrate the importance of both woody features within farmed landscapes and biodiversity‐friendly meadow management for the maintenance of integral moth communities.
Cultural influences on future transportation technology usage: The role of personal innovativeness, technology anxiety and desire
Authors: Kwarteng Michael Adu , Ntsiful Alex , Osakwe Christian Nedu , Jibril Abdul Bashiru , Chovancova Miloslava
Published: July 2022

This study develops and validates a model, based on personal cultural values theory and psychological research, in relation to technology adoption. The model focuses specifically on the future use of on‐demand air mobility (ODAM), which is expected to have significant implications for city commuting and personal well‐being in the years ahead. We use a path modelling approach, in addition to recently advanced analytical methods such as the finite mixture partial least squares (FIMIX‐PLS), measurement invariance of composite models (MICOM) and multi‐group analysis, to validate the model using a data set of 627 young consumers from the Czech Republic. The research model explains 45.2% variation in the future use of ODAM using our global model. This variance explained in the future use of ODAM increases to 62.3% and 64.5% respectively, when we segment our data set into two groups. The results also show that tradition has significant influence on technology anxiety, personal innovativeness and desire to use ODAM. Independence positively affects personal innovativeness but not the desire to use ODAM. We also find that technology anxiety influences the desire to use, which in turn influences the future use of ODAM. However, we find group differences in the influence of ambiguity intolerance on technology anxiety, desire and personal innovativeness. Thus, the study also evaluates the existence of significant differences between two groups in our data set. Overall, the study suggests that individual cultural values play a particularly important role in influencing the future use of ODAM through psychological characteristics. The research implications of the study are discussed in the article.
Deep learning‐based classification of dermatological lesions given a limited amount of labelled data
Authors: Krammer S. , Li Y. , Jakob N. , Boehm A.S. , Wolff H. , Tang P. , Lasser T. , French L.E. , Hartmann D.
Published: July 2022

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are promising in early diagnosis of skin diseases. However, a precondition for their success is the access to large‐scaled annotated data. Until now, obtaining this data has only been feasible with very high personnel and financial resources.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to overcome the obstacle caused by the scarcity of labelled data.

Methods

To simulate the scenario of label shortage, we discarded a proportion of labels of the training set. The training set consisted of both labelled and unlabelled images. We then leveraged a self‐supervised learning technique to pretrain the AI model on the unlabelled images. Next, we fine‐tuned the pretrained model on the labelled images.

Results

When the images in the training dataset were fully labelled, the self‐supervised pretrained model achieved 95.7% of accuracy, 91.7% of precision and 90.7% of sensitivity. When only 10% of the data were labelled, the model could still yield 87.7% of accuracy, 81.7% of precision and 68.6% of sensitivity. In addition, we also empirically verified that the AI model and dermatologists are consistent in visually inspecting the skin images.

Conclusions

The experimental results demonstrate the great potential of the self‐supervised learning in alleviating the scarcity of annotated data.
Single and combined 1064 nm Q‐switched Nd: YAG laser therapy in melasma: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Beilei , Xie Bo , Shen Yuqing , Zhang Li , Song Xiuzu
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This article attempted to describe the efficacy and safety of 1064QNYL in combination with other treatments for refractory melasma.

Methods

Two researchers independently retrieved randomized controlled trials (RCTs) according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Primary outcome was evaluated with MASI and mMASI scores in control group and experiment group. The secondary outcome was evaluated with MI scores. We calculated 95% CI of standardized mean difference (SMD) and heterogeneity of the included literature by Higgins I2 test, and assessed publication bias by Funnel plots, Egger's, and Begg's tests.

Results

A total of 12 articles including 322 subjects were analyzed. Experiment group was treated with 1064QNYL combined with single treatment (e.g., PDL, IPL, RF, and TA). Control group was treated with 1064QNYL alone. A greater reduction of Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI)/modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI) scores were shown in experiment group than that in control group at the end of the treatment (SMD, −0.37; 95% CI −0.70 to −0.04, p = 0.03, I2 = 33%). The SMD of MI scores further supported this conclusion by −0.32 (95% CI −0.63 to −0.02, p = 0.04, I2 = 27%). As for adverse events (AEs), combined treatment gave rise to more mild burning, stinging, and erythema that resolved spontaneously. Several studies reported focal purpura, punctate leukoderma, hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, and so on.

Conclusion

Combined 1064QNYL treatment was better than single laser treatment, with the highest short‐term benefit and long‐term follow‐up to maintain the effect in favor of combined treatment.
The Benefits of School Recess: A Systematic Review *
Authors: Hodges Virginia C. , Centeio Erin E. , Morgan Charles F.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Recess provides many physical, mental, and social benefits for students; however, the most recent systematic review examining the benefits of recess was conducted over a decade ago. The purpose of this paper was to determine the current benefits of school recess by conducting an updated systematic review of the literature.

METHODS

Multiple databases were systematically examined to find articles fitting the following inclusionary criteria: (a) school recess, (b) all schooling before college, and (c) recess benefits of any kind. Research was limited to literature published between June 2009 and July 2020.

RESULTS

Nine studies were included in this review. The majority of studies examined elementary‐aged students. Seven studies were conducted in the United States, and 2 studies were conducted internationally. Recess provided school‐aged children academic and cognitive benefits, behavioral and emotional benefits, physical benefits, and social benefits.

IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY

Providing recess for all school levels positively impacts the whole child; there was no literature implicating negative impacts of recess.

CONCLUSIONS

Schools can improve overall student health and belonging by redesigning and/or implementing daily recess.
Textural analyses and artificial neural network as optimization tools to predict the sensory perception of cosmetic emulsions
Authors: Franzol Angélica , Banin Thais Mancini , Brazil Tayra Rodrigues , Rezende Mirabel Cerqueira
Published: July 2022

This study shows a methodology which correlates sensory perception and predictive simulations performed in a model based on artificial neural network (ANN), inputted with textural data. The study used 39 sunscreen samples available in Asia, North America, Latin America, and Europe. Experimental textural analyses considered spreadability, back extrusion, and tackiness and the results were inputted in the ANN model. Sensory tests with 325 panelists distributed in the four mentioned regions (approximately 80 panelist per region) were carried out and 14 attributes were evaluated. The correlation between the predictive simulations and sensory tests showed precision of 60–84% for the majority of attributes. Few attributes showed correlation in the range of 37–60%. This study shows as a practical application a model to estimate consumer acceptance of sunscreen products using ANN and experimental textural results. This tool proved to be reliable, being a competitive advantage in the development of new cosmetic emulsions.

Practical applications

The assessment of textural and sensory characteristics of cosmetic products is critical for their development and further acceptance by consumers. Ideally, the most accurate evaluation is the experimentation in use by screened consumers (panelists), but this test is equally time‐consuming and expensive. In this scenario, this work presents as a practical application a tool to predict consumer acceptance of cosmetic emulsions based on an artificial neural network model inputted with textural data.
Anti‐HBc‐nonreactive occult hepatitis B infections with HBV genotypes B and C in vaccinated immunocompetent adults
Authors: Deng Xuelian , Guo Xiaohan , Gu Hongfang , Wang Dong , Laperche Syria , Allain Jean‐Pierre , Zang Liang , Candotti Daniel
Published: July 2022

Absence of anti‐HBc reactivity with detectable anti‐HBs was observed in blood donors with occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI). The prevalence and mechanisms underlying this uncommon condition were investigated over time in Chinese blood donors with OBI. Isolated anti‐HBs OBI status was identified from 466,911 donors from Dalian, China, and monitored in follow‐up (range: 2.6–84.3 months). HBV vaccination status was documented, and infecting viral strains were characterized. Of 451 confirmed OBIs (1:1035), 43 (9.5%; 1:10,858) had isolated anti‐HBs as only serological marker. Isolated anti‐HBs OBIs differed from anti‐HBc‐reactive OBIs by significantly younger age (median 24 years), higher HBV DNA (median: 20 IU/ml) and anti‐HBs (median 60.5 IU/L) levels, paucity of mutations in HBV Core and S proteins, and high vaccination rate (72%). Vaccinated isolated anti‐HBs OBIs (n = 31) differed from unvaccinated (n = 11) by significantly younger age (22 vs 38 years), higher anti‐HBs level at index (48% vs 9% with anti‐HBs >100 IU/L) and higher frequency of anti‐HBs immune response (44% vs 20%). Of 15 vaccinated and 5 unvaccinated OBIs follow‐up, 65% (8 vaccinated and 5 unvaccinated) became HBV DNA negative suggesting aborted recent infection, while 35% (7 vaccinated) had low persistent viraemia 2 to 65 months post index. In conclusion, isolated anti‐HBs OBI in Chinese blood donors appears associated with young, vaccinated, adults exposed to HBV who predominantly develop low level aborted infection revealed by transient HBV DNA and immune anti‐HBs response. However, a subset of individuals still experienced low but persistent viral replication whose clinical outcome remains uncertain.
A skill‐specific dynamic labour supply and labour demand framework: A scenario analysis for the Western Balkan countries to 2030
Authors: Leitner Sandra M.
Published: July 2022

This paper pursues a multiple scenario analysis until 2030 to identify past and potential future labour supply and demand dynamics of four different skill groups in the six Western Balkan (WB6) countries. Simulation results of the baseline scenario show that skill shortages and surpluses would coexist: In all WB6 countries, the low educated would experience labour shortages within or shortly after the projection period while in some WB6 countries there is evidence of growing excess labour among Med‐VETs, Med‐GENs and the highly educated. Additional scenarios point to important country‐specific policy options that can help to mitigate these projected labour market imbalances.
Post‐disaster damage classification based on deep multi‐view image fusion
Authors: Khajwal Asim Bashir , Cheng Chih‐Shen , Noshadravan Arash
Published: July 2022

This study aims to facilitate a more reliable automated postdisaster assessment of damaged buildings based on the use of multiple view imagery. Toward this, a Multi‐View Convolutional Neural Network (MV‐CNN) architecture is proposed, which combines the information from different views of a damaged building, resulting in 3‐D aggregation of the 2‐D damage features from each view. This spatial 3‐D context damage information will result in more accurate and reliable damage quantification in the affected buildings. For validation, the presented model is trained and tested on a real‐world visual data set of expert‐labeled buildings following Hurricane Harvey. The developed model demonstrates an accuracy of 65% in predicting the exact damage states of buildings, and around 81% considering ±1 class deviation from ground‐truth, based on a five‐level damage scale. Value of information (VOI) analysis reveals that the hybrid models, which consider at least one aerial and ground view, perform better.
Lack of robust evidence for a Wolbachia infection in Anopheles gambiae from Burkina Faso
Authors: Sawadogo Simon P. , Kabore Didier A. , Tibiri Ezechiel B. , Hughes Angela , Gnankine Olivier , Quek Shannon , Diabaté Abdoulaye , Ranson Hilary , Hughes Grant L. , Dabiré Roch K.
Published: July 2022

The endosymbiont Wolbachia can have major effects on the reproductive fitness, and vectorial capacity of host insects and may provide new avenues to control mosquito‐borne pathogens. Anopheles gambiae s.l is the major vector of malaria in Africa but the use of Wolbachia in this species has been limited by challenges in establishing stable transinfected lines and uncertainty around native infections. High frequencies of infection of Wolbachia have been previously reported in An. gambiae collected from the Valle du Kou region of Burkina Faso in 2011 and 2014. Here, we re‐evaluated the occurrence of Wolbachia in natural samples, collected from Valle du Kou over a 12‐year time span, and in addition, expanded sampling to other sites in Burkina Faso. Our results showed that, in contrast to earlier reports, Wolbachia is present at an extremely low prevalence in natural population of An. gambiae. From 5341 samples analysed, only 29 were positive for Wolbachia by nested PCR representing 0.54% of prevalence. No positive samples were found with regular PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons clustered across supergroup B, with some having similarity to sequences previously found in Anopheles from Burkina Faso. However, we cannot discount the possibility that the amplicon positive samples we detected were due to environmental contamination or were false positives. Regardless, the lack of a prominent native infection in An. gambiae s.l. is encouraging for applications utilizing Wolbachia transinfected mosquitoes for malaria control.
Extremely rare occurrence of multiple cranial fasciitis: A case report
Authors: Yaprak Bayrak Busra , Sen Harun Emre , Eruyar Ahmet Tugrul , Etus Volkan
Published: July 2022

Cranial fasciitis (CF) is a rare, rapidly growing, benign fibroproliferative lesion of the skull in the pediatric population. It is characterized by benign mesenchymal proliferation of spindle cells arranged as short, intersecting loose fascicles within a fibromyxoid stroma, and mostly appears as a single mass. A surgical excision with clear surgical margins is definitively curative for CF. Up to date only two cases with multiple CF have been reported in the literature. In this report, we describe a 1‐year‐old girl with multiple locations of CF, as the first case to be reported in the Turkish population. The radiological and morphological findings of our case were comparable with the observations of the two previous reports in the literature. Histopathological examination remains to be the gold‐standard for differential diagnosis of CF, as the treatment of this lesion differs from other malignancies of the skull in the pediatric population.
The DNA methylation landscape of the root‐knot nematode‐induced pseudo‐organ, the gall, in Arabidopsis, is dynamic, contrasting over time, and critically important for successful parasitism
Authors: Silva Ana Cláudia , Ruiz‐Ferrer Virginia , Müller Sebastian Y. , Pellegrin Clement , Abril‐Urías Patricia , Martínez‐Gómez Ángela , Gómez‐Rojas Almudena , Berenguer Eduardo , Testillano Pilar S. , Andrés Maria Fe , Fenoll Carmen , Eves‐van den Akker Sebastian , Escobar Carolina
Published: July 2022

Root‐knot nematodes (RKNs) induce giant cells (GCs) within galls which are characterized by large‐scale gene repression at early stages. However, the epigenetic mechanism(s) underlying gene silencing is (are) still poorly characterized.

DNA methylation in Arabidopsis galls induced by Meloidogyne javanica was studied at crucial infection stages (3 d post‐infection (dpi) and 14 dpi) using enzymatic, cytological, and sequencing approaches. DNA methyltransferase mutants (met1, cmt2, cmt3, cmt2/3, drm1/2, ddc) and a DNA demethylase mutant (ros1), were analyzed for RKN resistance/tolerance, and galls were characterized by confocal microscopy and RNA‐seq.

Early galls were hypermethylated, and the GCs were found to be the major contributors to this hypermethylation, consistent with the very high degree of gene repression they exhibit. By contrast, medium/late galls showed no global increase in DNA methylation compared to uninfected roots, but exhibited large‐scale redistribution of differentially methylated regions (DMRs). In line with these findings, it was also shown that DNA methylation and demethylation mutants showed impaired nematode reproduction and gall/GC‐development. Moreover, siRNAs that were exclusively present in early galls accumulated at hypermethylated DMRs, overlapping mostly with retrotransposons in the CHG/CG contexts that might be involved in their repression, contributing to their stability/genome integrity. Promoter/gene methylation correlated with differentially expressed genes encoding proteins with basic cell functions. Both mechanisms are consistent with reprogramming host tissues for gall/GC formation.

In conclusion, RNA‐directed DNA methylation (RdDM; DRM2/1) pathways, maintenance methyltransferases (MET1/CMT3) and demethylation (ROS1) appear to be prominent mechanisms driving a dynamic regulation of the epigenetic landscape during RKN infection.
Photo‐excitable zinc sulfide nanoparticles: A theranostic nanotool for cancer management
Authors: Essawy Marwa M. , Rafik Salma T. , Awaad Ashraf K. , Mourad Ghada M. , El Achy Samar N.
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS NPs), as one of the quantum dots less than 10 nm, possess unique size‐dependent autofluorescence. Excitation of their valence electrons by energy higher than the bandgap reveals the ZnS NPs' inherited photocatalysis with additive cytotoxic consequences of reactive oxygen species (ROS) release. Coupling the cytotoxicity of photoactivated ZnS NPs with their autofluorescence would be a novel theranostic modality, combating superficially accessible carcinoma.

Material and methods

After synthesizing and characterization of ZnS NPs, we verified their photocatalysis and electron donation upon UV excitation in degrading organic dye and DNA cleavage, respectively. We then tested the efficacy of UV‐activated ZnS NPs to induce ROS‐dependent apoptosis in squamous cell carcinoma and breast cancer cell lines.

Results

The energetic electron–hole pairs generated upon UV excitation of ZnS NPs with the consequent cascade of ROS release revealed potent apoptotic cancer cell deaths, compared with single treatment modalities of nonexcited nanoparticles and UV. Moreover, the inherited luminescence of ZnS NPs enabled visualization of their predominant intracytoplasmic uptake with tracking of their cellular response.

Conclusion

The intensified luminescence and the fortified cytotoxicity of photoactivated ZnS NPs enhance their theranostic qualifications, boosting their antitumorigenic use.
Host genetic determinants drive compartment‐specific assembly of tea plant microbiomes
Authors: Tan Xiangfeng , Xie Hengtong , Yu Jingwen , Wang Yuefei , Xu Jianming , Xu Ping , Ma Bin
Published: July 2022

Diverse host factors drive microbial variation in plant‐associated environments, whereas their genetic mechanisms remain largely unexplored. To address this, we coupled the analyses of plant genetics and microbiomes in this study. Using 100 tea plant (Camellia sinensis) cultivars, the microbiomes of rhizosphere, root endosphere and phyllosphere showed clear compartment‐specific assembly, whereas the subpopulation differentiation of tea cultivars exhibited small effects on microbial variation in each compartment. Through microbiome genome‐wide association studies, we examined the interactions between tea genetic loci and microbial variation. Notably, genes related to the cell wall and carbon catabolism were heavily linked to root endosphere microbial composition, whereas genes related to the metabolism of metal ions and small organic molecules were overrepresented in association with rhizosphere microbial composition. Moreover, a set of tea genetic variants, including the cytoskeleton‐related formin homology interacting protein 1 gene, were strongly associated with the β‐diversity of phyllosphere microbiomes, implying their interactions with the overall structure of microbial communities. Our results create a catalogue of tea genetic determinants interacting with microbiomes and reveal the compartment‐specific microbiome assembly driven by host genetics.
The in‐vitro effect of gonadotropin‐releasing hormones,GnRH‐IandGnRH‐II, on the motility, vitality and acrosome integrity of Vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) spermatozoa
Authors: de Villiers Charon , Maree Liana , Katz Arieh A. , van der Horst Gerhard
Published: July 2022

Two isoforms of the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH), GnRH‐I and GnRH‐II, are expressed in mammals, and the presence of one or more GnRH‐like peptides has been demonstrated in the male reproductive tract. GnRH and its receptors (GnRHR) are present in human and non‐human primate testis, prostate, epididymis, seminal vesicle, spermatozoa and seminal human plasma. GnRH‐II is site‐specific and acts directly in an inhibitory or stimulatory fashion. Previous studies speculated that GnRH‐II could disrupt specific sperm processes, such as sperm motility or capacitation and could be utilized as an effective contraceptive agent. Our study aimed to investigate the in‐vitro effects of GnRH‐I and GnRH‐II on Vervet monkey sperm function. Electro‐ejaculated semen samples from 10 Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) were used to select motile sperm populations. Sperm aliquots were incubated with GnRH‐I and GnRH‐II at different concentrations for 1 h, where after sperm motility and kinematic parameters were assessed using the automated Sperm Class Analyser. Additional sperm aliquots were incubated with two 10‐amino acid control peptides, a non‐related peptide and an inactive peptide to exclude the possible influence on sperm motility from other peptides with a structure similar to GnRH. Additionally, a GnRHR‐I antagonist (GnRHR‐A), Cetrorelix, was tested to establish its antagonistic capability on GnRH. The effect of selected concentrations of GnRH‐I and GnRH‐II on sperm vitality and acrosome intactness was also evaluated after 10‐ and 60 min exposure. Analysis of the percentage total sperm motility revealed that different concentrations for GnRH‐I and GnRH‐II inhibited sperm motility significantly. While sperm progressiveness was also notably affected and a trend of decreased sperm kinematics were evident, no effect was found on sperm vitality or acrosome intactness. The non‐related and inactive peptides had no impact on sperm motility. The GnRHR‐A demonstrated no effect on sperm motility and effectively blocked the inhibitory outcome on the motility of both GnRH isoforms. While GnRH‐I or GnRH‐II at low‐dose concentrations resulted in in‐vitro inhibition of sperm motility, it appears to have no adverse effects on other sperm functional parameters evaluated. These collective observations possibly indicate an essential role for GnRH in the in‐vivo process of sperm selection in the female reproductive tract.
Endotyping in sleep surgery: Not ready for primetime
Authors: MacKay Stuart G. , Jones Andrew
Published: July 2022

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A structural description of the evolution of stakeholders and risk communication in the Department of Energy's defense nuclear facilities: Historical perspective, major stakeholders, and external events
Authors: Krahn Steven L.
Published: July 2022

Regulators and policymakers are routinely challenged with explaining complex concepts concerning risk. Part of the challenge is helping external and internal stakeholders to understand the context behind risk‐related information and decisions. This paper will describe the historical evolution of the safety and regulatory framework for an important category in the nuclear industry—defense nuclear facilities owned and operated by the US Department of Energy. In parallel with describing this evolution, three major events which occurred external to the complex of defense nuclear facilities will be summarized, and their impact on the maturation of the Department's safety and regulatory framework will be discussed. Finally, integrated with these two threads of discussion will be a chronicle of the changing set of involved organizations and the expanding set of external stakeholders involved in risk decisions—and therefore, the risk communications ecosystem surrounding defense nuclear facilities. It will be noted that this system was once describable as a classic “iron triangle,” but now has progressed to a complex network of federal and state organizations, numerous congressional committees, and expanding sets of external stakeholders. It is hoped that a comprehensive discussion of the context of risk assessment in the defense nuclear facilities complex—addressing historical insights, organizational evolution, and the maturing structure of regulation—will provide enhanced opportunities for building trust and understanding in this complex environment.
UEFA EURO 2020: An exciting match between football and probability
Authors: Fedrizzi Giulia , Canal Luisa , Micciolo Rocco
Published: July 2022

Football, as one of the most popular sports, can provide exciting examples to motivate students learning statistics. In this paper, we analyzed the number of goals scored in the UEFA EURO 2020 final phase as well as the waiting times between goals, considering censored times. Such a dataset allows us to consider some aspects of count data taught at an introductory level (such as the Poisson distribution), as well as more advanced topics (such as survival analysis taking into account the presence of censored times). Employing data from the final phase of UEFA EURO 2020, depending on the course level, the student will acquire knowledge and understanding of a range of key topics and analytical techniques in statistics, develop knowledge of the theoretical assumption underlying them and learn the skills needed to model count data.
Retrobulbar respiratory epithelial orbital cyst in a dog: A case report
Authors: Margetts Adam C. , Scurrell Emma , Das Smita , Smith Kerry M.
Published: July 2022

A 10‐month‐old female, neutered French Bulldog presented with a history of unilateral right‐sided intermittent conjunctivitis and exophthalmos. The patient suffered blunt force trauma to the right eye after a tennis ball impact approximately five months prior to presentation. Examination identified the patient was visual with exophthalmos, lateral strabismus, conjunctival hyperaemia, episcleral congestion, and papilloedema. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography identified an approximately two centimeter diameter fluid‐filled structure directly posterior to the globe leading to displacement of the optic nerve and distortion of the posterior globe wall. Centesis of the lesion demonstrated neutrophilic and macrophagic inflammation with evidence of prior hemorrhage. Within four weeks, the structure had re‐filled to its original size and was subsequently excised in its entirety, via a lateral orbitotomy. Histopathologic findings indicated a non‐keratinising orbital cyst, the lining of which was consistent with a respiratory epithelial cyst. Recurrence had not occurred seven months' post‐surgery. To the author's knowledge, previous reports of retrobulbar respiratory epithelial cysts have not been documented in animals.
Los programas de transferencias condicionadas : mecanismos de legitimidad política del orden neoliberal en América Latina. El caso de familias en acción
Authors:   , García Trujillo Andrés
Published: July 2022

Con el propósito de develar la naturaleza de
la política social en el orden neoliberal, este
trabajo examina el surgimiento y la
consolidación de los programas de transferencias
condicionadas (PTC) en América Latina desde
mediados de los noventa como principales
estrategias de la "lucha contra la pobreza". A
través de la revisión de sus orígenes
históricos y fundamentos conceptuales, por un
lado, y, por el otro, del análisis del programa
Familias en Acción (FA), implementado en
Colombia desde 2001, se busca elaborar un marco
interpretativo que permita comprender el
carácter y la motivación de estos programas
desde una perspectiva alternativa a la expuesta
por los organismos multilaterales. El argumento
central es que, más allá de sus sofisticados
diseños e impactos que tienen en la población,
los PTC se han consolidado en la región como
iniciativas de política social porque son
mecanismos de legitimidad política de los
regímenes latinoamericanos. FA, por ejemplo, ha
sustentado ideológica, institucional y
socialmente al régimen actual en Colombia, en la
medida en que es útil para i) facilitar la
continuación de las reformas neoliberales
estructurales y la solución militarista al
conflicto armado, ii) concentrar nuevamente el
gasto público social en el Ejecutivo para
recuperar el déficit político perdido con la
descentralización y iii) modificar la relación
Estado-ciudadanía, sustituyendo el marco de
derechos y deberes por uno de favores y
agradecimientos personales
Análisis de la política pública de cobertura y de acceso en la educación superior 1996 - 2006
Authors:   , Masso de la Pava Ariel José
Published: July 2022

Esta investigación indagó sobre los
resultados de la política pública de cobertura
y de acceso en la Educación Superior en Colombia
1996-2006, dada la existencia de barreras de
carácter geográfico, cultural social y
económico para los aspirantes a ingresar a la
educación de tercer nivel. Para tal fin, se
identificaron las Políticas Públicas
pertinentes, las fuentes estadísticas necesarias
y se efectuaron las entrevistas a expertos en el
tema que permitieran abordar el problema en
estudio con claridad y concreción.
Caracterización citogenética y molecular de un grupo de pacientes con cáncer de mama
Authors:   , Carrillo Rincón Yina Duley
Published: July 2022

El cáncer de mama es a nivel mundial, la primera causa de muerte por cáncer en mujeres, a pesar de que en las dos últimas décadas la tasa de mortalidad ha disminuido gracias a los avances en los programas de detección temprana que permiten el tratamiento oportuno, sin embargo la tasa de incidencia sigue en aumento. Esta enfermedad consiste en la proliferación aumentada y descontrolada de las células de la glándula mamaria. Existen factores que aumentan el riesgo a desarrollar la enfermedad. En el presente estudio se analizaron muestras de sangre de pacientes con cáncer de mama y de un grupo de individuos sin la enfermedad para determinar las anomalías cromosómicas y los niveles de expresión de los genes Her-2, LMO4 y mamoglobina y el estado de amplificación del gen Her-2.
Filogenética y genética de poblaciones de Potos Flavus (Carnivora : Procyonidae) con secuencias de ADN mitocondrial
Authors:   , Jaramillo Trujillo María Fernanda
Published: July 2022

Este es el primer estudio desarrollado sobre sistemática molecular, genética de poblaciones y filogeografía dentro de Potos flavus (Procyonidae) con un número representativo de muestras (n=100) y que abarca una parte importante de la distribución de este carnívoro neotropical.
Generación de un banco de ADN de pacientes con anomalías genitourinarias y secuenciación del Exon 3 del Gen MAMLD1 en pacientes colombianos con hipospadias aisladas
Authors:   , Pabón Sogamoso Eylin Jattin
Published: July 2022

Las anomalías genitourinarias se manifiestan por la estrecha relación embriológica de los sistemas urinario y genital, con frecuencia afectan más a hombres y pueden exhibir un patrón familiar o una influencia ambiental. Alrededor de un tercio de las malformaciones del aparato genital se asocian a anomalías del aparato urinario. Dentro de las más frecuentes están las hipospadias las cuales se caracterizan por la presencia del orificio uretral en una región ectópica a los largo de la cara ventral del pene.