bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attachment and relationship-based interventions for families during neonatal intensive care hospitalization: a study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Ah. Rim , Kim Soo-yeon , Yun Ji Eun
Published: March 2020

Background

Attachment in the parent-infant dyads is fundamental for growth and development of children born prematurely. However, the natural process of attachment is interrupted just after preterm birth, and emotional and physical detachment, limited social interaction, and a traumatic, technologically heavy environment in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may result in impaired attachment or bonding. To our knowledge, few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of interventions aimed at enhancing attachment, bonding, and relationships between parents and their preterm infants during the infant’s hospitalization in the NICU. This study aims to perform a comprehensive systematic review and a meta-analysis survey of the effects of attachment- and relationship-based interventions in the NICU.

Method

A comprehensive literature review will be conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE (OVID), Scopus, PsycINFO (OVID), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science. Selected studies will be published in English, in the last 20 years, from 1999 onwards. All studies of randomized controlled trials (e.g., parallel groups, cluster) will be included. We will consider studies evaluating attachment- and relationship-based interventions (e.g., skin-to-skin contact, parental involvement in infant care) versus a comparator (standard of care). The primary outcome will be maternal attachment. Secondary outcomes will include infants’ growth and development, family health, and parenting experience. Data extraction from eligible studies will be conducted independently by two experts who will compare their data. The Cochrane risk of bias tool will be applied to the selected studies. If data permits, we will conduct random effects meta-analysis where appropriate. Subgroup and additional analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity considering gender of parents, infants’ sex, and gestational age. Data synthesis will be carried out using the RevMan 5.3 software. Publication bias will be assessed with the graphical funnel plot method and the Egger test. The quality of the evidence will be rated using the methods of the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group.

Discussion

The results of this systematic review will discuss the types of attachment- or relationship-based interventions that are effective for facilitating family health outcomes and the babies’ growth and development and will contribute to establishing new evidence in neonatal and family-centered care by providing scientific guidance for clinical practice and further research.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42019145834
Variation of net primary productivity and its drivers in China’s forests during 2000–2018
Authors: Ji Yuhe , Zhou Guangsheng , Luo Tianxiang , Dan Yakir , Zhou Li , Lv Xiaomin
Published: March 2020

Background

Net primary productivity (NPP) in forests plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. However, it is not well known about the increase rate of China’s forest NPP, and there are different opinions about the key factors controlling the variability of forest NPP.

Methods

This paper established a statistics-based multiple regression model to estimate forest NPP, using the observed NPP, meteorological and remote sensing data in five major forest ecosystems. The fluctuation values of NPP and environment variables were extracted to identify the key variables influencing the variation of forest NPP by correlation analysis.

Results

The long-term trends and annual fluctuations of forest NPP between 2000 and 2018 were examined. The results showed a significant increase in forest NPP for all five forest ecosystems, with an average rise of 5.2 gC·m− 2·year− 1 over China. Over 90% of the forest area had an increasing NPP range of 0–161 gC·m− 2·year− 1. Forest NPP had an interannual fluctuation of 50–269 gC·m− 2·year− 1 for the five major forest ecosystems. The evergreen broadleaf forest had the largest fluctuation. The variability in forest NPP was caused mainly by variations in precipitation, then by temperature fluctuations.

Conclusions

All five forest ecosystems in China exhibited a significant increasing NPP along with annual fluctuations evidently during 2000–2018. The variations in China’s forest NPP were controlled mainly by changes in precipitation.
Treatment of cerebral glioblastoma-caused bruxism with mirtazapine: a case report
Authors: Khosravi Mohsen
Published: March 2020

Background

Bruxism refers to grind or gnash the opposing rows of upper and lower molar teeth. It is important to treat bruxism as a factor that can influence sleep quality, quality of life, and mental status in patients with malignancy.

Case presentation

A 41-year-old male developed bruxism secondary to cerebral glioblastoma. l-dopa, gabapentin, clonazepam, clonidine, baclofen, buspirone, or propranolol were not effective. Mirtazapine, prescribed for side effects of chemotherapy, was effective for bruxism, which was disappeared within 3 weeks.

Conclusions

Mirtazapine was effective for treating bruxism as well as chemotherapy complications.
Iliac-enteric fistula managed by endovascular covered stent placement using extra-vascular microwire snaring: a case report
Authors: Moussa Amgad M. , Sofocleous Constantinos T.
Published: March 2020

Background

Although snaring technique is a commonly used tool in the interventional radiologists’ armamentarium, there are no reports of its use in an extra-vascular space to achieve access across a pseudoaneurysm that was otherwise non-traversable.

Case presentation

We describe a case of an iliac-enteric fistula between a ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the external iliac artery and a surrounding contained colonic perforation, where access across the pseudoaneurysm was achieved only after snaring of the microwire from within the contained colonic perforation and back into the intra-vascular space, allowing the placement of a covered stent and control of the bleeding.

Conclusions

The described technique may be useful in situations where other, more conventional, endovascular techniques fail to achieve access across the bleeding pseudoaneurysm. While it was life-saving in this case, this technique should only be used in very limited scenarios, specifically in the palliative setting and when surgical management is not an option.
Significance of Neoadjuvant Downstaging in Carcinoma of Esophagus and Gastroesophageal Junction
Authors: Kamarajah S. K. , Navidi M. , Wahed S. , Immanuel A. , Hayes N. , Griffin S. M. , Phillips A. W.
Published: March 2020

Objective

To determine the impact of downstaging on outcomes in esophageal cancer, the prognostic value of clinical and pathological stage, and the difference in survival in patients with similar pathological stages with and without neoadjuvant treatment.

Background

There is little data evaluating adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and difference in outcomes for similar pathological stage with and without neoadjuvant treatment.

Patients and Methods

Consecutive patients with esophageal cancer from a single center were evaluated. Patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma or SCC treated with transthoracic esophagectomy and two-field lymphadenectomy were included. Comparison of outcomes with those primarily treated with surgery was made. The cTNM and ypTNM 8th edition was used.

Results

This study included 992 patients, of whom 417 received surgery alone and 575 received neoadjuvant therapy and surgery. In the neoadjuvant group, 7 (1%) had cTNM stage 2 and 418 (73%) had cTNM stage 3. Downstaging rates were similar between adenocarcinoma and SCC (54% vs. 61%, p = 0.5). Downstaging was associated with longer survival than patients with no change (adenocarcinoma, median: 82 vs. 26 months, p < 0.001; SCC, median: NR vs. 29 months, p < 0.001). On Cox regression analysis, downstaging was associated with significantly longer survival in adenocarcinoma but not in SCC. For SCC and more advanced adenocarcinoma, overall survival was significantly better when comparing like-for-like ypTN to pTN groups.

Conclusions

Pathological stage provides a better estimate of prognosis compared with clinical stage. Downstaged patients may have an improved outcome over those with comparable pathological stage who did not receive neoadjuvant treatment.
The genus Granulina (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) from the Turkish coasts with taxonomical notes on some Mediterranean species
Authors: Boyer Franck , Renda Walter , Öztürk Bilal
Published: March 2020

In the present study four Granulina species we recognized from the Turkish coasts: G. marginata (Bivona, 1832), G. occulta (Monterosato, 1869), G. boucheti Gofas, 1992 and G. melitensis Smriglio, Mariottini & Rufini, 1998. The high variability of the shell morphology is studied and «morphologic affinities» are comparatively analized, and two different complex of species are here recognised: the G. marginata/G. boucheti complex and the G. occulta/G. melitensis complex. Meanwhile, with our records the number of the species known from the research area has been increased to four with the addtion of G. boucheti and G. melitensis. The name Granulina guttula La Perna, 1999 is restored, being considered as not preoccuped by Erato guttula Sowerby, 1832. Granulina gubbiolii Smriglio & Mariottini, 1999 is here recognised as a junior synonym of Granulina minusculina (Locard, 1897).
Analysis of factors affecting consumption preferences in fish consumption: Case of Çankırı Province
Authors: Genç Yasin , Albayrak Mevhibe , Güldal Hüseyin Tayyar
Published: March 2020

In this study, the consumption levels of the consumers and factors affecting the consumption preferences of the fish were examined with CHAID analysis in Central district of Çankırı province. The survey was conducted with 156 consumers determined by method of proportional sampling. It was found that 51,9% of consumers in terms of balanced and healty diet and 34,0% of consumers in terms of taste consume fish, moreover, 91,7% consumers prefer sea fish, 51,9% consumers prefer to buy fish from supermarket and 46,2% consumers prefer to consume fry fish. According to the analysis results, it was determined that dependent variables of level of education, household income, marital status and place of purchase are the most important factors which affecting fish consumption.
Prebiotic effects of macroalgae
Authors: Torun Zehra , Konuklugil Belma
Published: March 2020

Macroalgae are seaweeds, which are often consumed as much as food in Asian countries. Studies have been made that carbohydrate compounds such as oligosaccharides and polysaccharides can be considered as prebiotics. Prebiotics are nutrient sources of probiotics that defined as useful microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract especially. With the positive effects of prebiotics on probiotics, the gastointestinal system and thus all body systems are kept in a healthy balance. This review provides brief information about probiotics, prebiotics and is a pioneer in the studies on the evaluation of macroalgae as prebiotics in our country.
Editorial
Authors: Narayana Sharmila
Published: March 2020

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Kimble v. Marvel: A Misconceived Affirmation
Authors: Gupta Aditya
Published: March 2020

A clause in a patent license agreement which requires the licensee to continuously render royalty payments even after the intellectual property rights have expired has been a very controversial issue in practice. With the infamous United States Supreme Court Ruling of Brulotte v. Thys, and its subsequent affirmation in the case of Kimble v. Marvel, the legality of continued royalties seems to be a settled provision of law in the American Jurisprudence. However, the judgement rendered in the case of Kimble v. Marvel begs the question as to whether the affirmation was by reason of sound judicial interpretation or the coercion of stare decisis. The interplay between the rule of reason and the per se rule on one hand, with that of the patent misuse theory on the other, was alarmingly unclear. The three were presented as being so closely related that the two distinct dynamics of law could very well be addressed as excessive legislation on the same subject-matter. The present research seeks to analyze the 2015 ruling of Kimble v. Marvel, without the interference of stare decisis and defines the contours under which the judgement was rendered (patent law or anti-trust). Most importantly, the paper will assess the Indian jurisprudential stand with reference to continued royalties, both within patent law and the competition law.
Children’s Rights and Refugee Law: Conceptualizing Children within the Refugee Convention
Authors: Agarwal Pukhraj
Published: March 2020

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Burnout and work engagement among psychiatric nurses – are work characteristics important?
Authors: Lachowska Bogusława , Minda Karolina
Published: March 2020

Aim of the study

The aim of the study is determination of the relationship between burnout,work engagement, and the emotional display rules, emotional labour, and demands of interactions.

Subject or material and methods

Sixty psychiatric nurses completed the Polish version of the Maslach-Burnout Inventory MBI, the Polish version of the UWES, the Emotional Labour Scale, Emotion Work Requirements Scale and the Frequency, Duration and Routineness of Interactions Scale.

Results

It was found that surface acting is associated with greater emotional exhaustion and higher depersonalization, as well as with lower vigour; the expression of naturally felt emotions is associated with lower feeling of the lack of accomplishments. The higher the requirements of hiding negative emotions and the higher the requirements to display positive emotions, the greater the emotional exhaustion whereas the higher the requirements to display positive emotions, the lower the feeling of lack of accomplishments.The higher the frequency of interactions, the lower the depersonalization and lower emotional exhaustion; the higher the routineness of interactions, the higher the depersonalization and higher the feeling of the lack of accomplishments. The duration of interaction is associated with a greater dedication.

Discussion

Surface acting, higher requirements of hiding negative emotions, and routineness of interactions are associated with negative effects. Positive results are associated with the expression of naturally felt emotions, higher frequency and duration of interactions. The demands for the display of positive emotions are related with both positive and negative effects.

Conclusions

The results of the study may be of practical importance while developing programmes supporting health of psychiatric nurses.
Discursive exploitation or actual impact: Mental health anti-stigma campaigns in the post-communist area
Authors: Šumskienė Eglė , Nemanyte Monika
Published: March 2020

Aim of the study

To analyze mental health anti-stigma campaigns in the post-Communist region and identify their main patterns and characteristics.

Subject or material and methods

Qualitative interviews with nine experts from the national mental health care service user organizations from the post-Communist countries.

Results

The paper presents the situation of mental health care in the region, identifies and discusses peculiarities of local mental health anti-stigma campaigns and presents findings of the qualitative experts’ research. It reveals a twofold positive effect of mental health service users’ activism, which has an individual therapeutic effect as well as helps fight stigma.

Discussion

Mental health service users' activism echoed the trends in Western countries. Yet in the post-Communist region, these initiatives emerged, developed and evolved over a concentrated period of time. Given such circumstances, certain mental health activists have preserved the institutional and evolutionary memory of the paradigm change from its very beginning in the early 90s. Mental health service users’ activism has a twofold positive effect because it is both useful for their own personal healing, growth, and self-realization as well as for fighting stigma at societal level.

Conclusions

In some countries such activism has failed to reveal its full potential due to lack of financial resources, widespread stigma and lack of leadership abilities. This gap is partially filled in by the human rights and mental health advocacy organizations. Nevertheless, their initiatives and advocacy campaigns insufficiently reveal mental health care service users' perspectives. This leads to certain tensions between both types of organizations, while service users feel being manipulated, publicly stripped and exploited.
Diffraction-unlimited imaging based on conventional optical devices
Authors: Ducros Nicolas , Bourquard Aurélien
Published: March 2020

We propose a computational paradigm where off-the-shelf optical devices can be used to image objects in a scene well beyond their native optical resolution. By design, our approach is generic, does not require active illumination, and is applicable to several types of optical devices. It only requires the placement of a spatial light modulator some distance from the optical system. In this paper, we first introduce the acquisition strategy together with the reconstruction framework. We then conduct practical experiments with a webcam that confirm that this approach can image objects with substantially enhanced spatial resolution compared to the performance of the native optical device. We finally discuss potential applications, current limitations, and future research directions.
Position-guided Fano resonance and amended GaussAmp model for the control of slow light in hybrid graphene–silicon metamaterials
Authors: Yang Maosheng , Song Xiaoxian , Zhang Haiting , Ye Yunxia , Ren Yunpeng , Ren Xudong , Yao Jianquan
Published: March 2020

Position-guided Fano resonance is observed in hybrid graphene–silicon metamaterials. An outstanding application of such resonance is slow-light metadevices. The maximum group delay is 9.73 ps, which corresponds to a group delay in free-space propagation of 2.92 mm. We employ a coupled oscillator model to illustrate anomalous transmission, where the intensity of the Fano peak increases with the Fermi level. Furthermore, we amend the GaussAmp model to serve as a suitable control equation for the group delay. The coefficient of correlation (R2) is as high as 0.99998, while the lowest values of the root-mean-square error and sum of squared errors are respectively 0.00421 and 0.00156. These results indicate that the amended GaussAmp model accurately controls the trend of the group delay. This work not only clarifies the mechanism of Fano resonance generation but also provides a promising platform for dynamically adjustable optical switches and multidimensional information sensors.
Dynamic effect in the moiré magnifier by using the weak domain transformation
Authors: Yu Jiang , Zheng Weiwei , Liu Nan , Zhou Yun , Shen Su
Published: March 2020

The design of an image with dynamic effect usually adopts an interlacing strategy, but it suffers from the crosstalk between the neighboring images. Here, by introduction of the weak domain transformation to the micro pattern array (MPA), striking motion effects are realized with no crosstalk. A complete theoretical model based on both the moiré and fix point theorem is developed for interpretation of the kinetics. A microlens array-based moiré magnifier is fabricated to demonstrate the visually striking motion effect. The moiré magnifier is of primary interest for a wide variety of applications in appealing decoration, information encryption, and displacement measurement, etc.
Flexible generation of higher-order Poincaré beams with high efficiency by manipulating the two eigenstates of polarized optical vortices
Authors: Chen Chao , Zhang Yu , Ma Li , Zhang Yuqin , Li Zhenhua , Zhang Ruirui , Zeng Xiangyu , Zhan Zijun , He Changwei , Ren Xiaorong , Cheng Chuanfu , Liu Chunxiang
Published: March 2020

Vector beams contain complex polarization structures and they are inherently non-separable in the polarization and spatial degrees of freedom. The spatially variant polarizations of vector beams have enabled many important applications in a variety of fields ranging from classical to quantum physics. In this study, we designed and realized a setup based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer for achieving the vector beams at arbitrary points of higher-order Poincaré sphere, through manipulating two eigenstates in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer system with the combined spiral phase plate. We demonstrated the generation of different kinds of higher-order Poincaré beams, including the beams at points on a latitude or longitude of higher-order Poincaré sphere, Bell states for |l| = 1 and |l| = 2, radially polarized beams of very high order with l = 16, etc. Vector beams of high quality and good accuracy are experimentally achieved, and the flexibility, feasibility and high efficiency of the setup are demonstrated by the practical performance.
High-speed Mueller matrix ellipsometer with microsecond temporal resolution
Authors: Zhang Song , Jiang Hao , Gu Honggang , Chen Xiuguo , Liu Shiyuan
Published: March 2020

A high-speed Mueller matrix ellipsometer (MME) based on photoelastic modulator (PEM) polarization modulation and division-of-amplitude polarization demodulation has been developed, with which a temporal resolution of 11 µs has been achieved for a Mueller matrix measurement. To ensure the accuracy and stability, a novel approach combining a fast Fourier transform algorithm and Bessel function expansion is proposed for the in-situ calibration of PEM. With the proposed calibration method, the peak retardance and static retardance of the PEM can be calibrated with high accuracy and sensitivity over an ultra large retardance variation range. Both static and dynamic measurement experiments have been carried out to show the high accuracy and stability of the developed MME, which can be expected to pave the way for in-situ and real-time monitoring for rapid reaction processes.
The effect of crude guava leaf tannins on motility, viability, and intact plasma membrane of stored spermatozoa of Etawa crossbred goats
Authors: Wurlina Wurlina , Hariadi Mas'ud , Safitri Erma , Susilowati Suherni , Meles Dewa Ketut
Published: March 2020

Aim: The aim of this study was to know crude guava leaf tannins effect on motility, viability, and intact plasma membrane of stored spermatozoa of Etawa crossbred goats.

Materials and Methods: Macroscopic assessment of normal Etawa crossbred semen was followed by dilution with a glucose solution at a 1:10 ratio to increase volume. The diluted semen was treated by adding crude guava leaf tannins into 1 ml of the semen glucose diluent, and five treatments were obtained, namely, control group (C), with no added tannins; treatment Group 1 (T1), with 3%; treatment Group 2 (T2), with 6% tannins; treatment Group 3 (T3), with 12% tannins; and treatment Group 4 (T4), with 24% tannins. Each treatment used five replications. Then, microscopic analysis of the treated and control semen was carried out after 15 days of storage at 4-5°C temperature. The parameters observed were motility, pH, viability, abnormality, and intact spermatozoa plasma membrane.

Results: The spermatozoa motility in Group C was the highest (76.60±1.47). The motility in Group T1 did not differ from that in Group C, but was different and higher than that in Groups T2, T3, and T4. The pH of Group C tended to be acidic after 15 days of storage (4.78±0.01) as compared to the initial pH of fresh semen (6.76±0.12). The pH in Group C did not differ from that in the Groups T1 and T2, but differed from that in the T3 and T4 groups; the pH in the T3 and T4 groups was similar. The viability of spermatozoa in the T1 group was higher than that in all treatments (64.60±2.76); the lowest values were found in Group C (28.94±1.02). Group C had the lowest number of normal spermatozoa, with a mean of 72.58±3.48. The total number of abnormalities in the T2 group did not differ from those in the T3 group, and abnormalities in the T4 group did not differ from those in Group C, which exhibited the highest abnormalities in the head, neck, and tail. The most significant decrease was observed in the intact plasma membrane of spermatozoa on addition of 12% and 24% crude guava leaf tannin in glucose diluents.

Conclusion: The addition of 3% crude guava leaf tannin to crossbred Etawa goat semen diluted with glucose diluent and stored for 15 days at 4-5°C resulted in a significant effect on spermatozoa motility, viability, and intact plasma membrane, whereas the administration of 24% crude guava leaf tannin resulted in low live percentage of spermatozoa.
Building Extraction from High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images Based on GrabCut with Automatic Selection of Foreground and Background Samples
Authors: Zhang Ka , Chen Hui , Xiao Wen , Sheng Yehua , Su Dong , Wang Pengbo
Published: March 2020

This article proposes a new building extraction method from high-resolution remote sensing images, based on GrabCut, which can automatically select foreground and background samples under the constraints of building elevation contour lines. First the image is rotated according to the
direction of pixel displacement calculated by the rational function Model. Second, the Canny operator, combined with morphology and the Hough transform, is used to extract the building's elevation contour lines. Third, seed points and interesting points of the building are selected under the
constraint of the contour line and the geodesic distance. Then foreground and background samples are obtained according to these points. Fourth, GrabCut and geometric features are used to carry out image segmentation and extract buildings. Finally, WorldView satellite images are used to verify
the proposed method. Experimental results show that the average accuracy can reach 86.34%, which is 15.12% higher than other building extraction methods.
Accessibility to the knowledge on anatomical variations from dentomaxillofacial CBCT
Authors: Olszewski Raphael , Hebda Aleksandra
Published: March 2020

Objective: to investigate the accessibility of open access article on anatomical variations described on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) using PubMed database. We wanted to investigate how many journals are sharing articles without pay-wall and how many are sharing articles without author publication charges.

Material and methods: a search equation was designed with exclusion criteria limiting the search in PubMed to articles published in English and French. The search was performed by one observer. We had found 2228 articles; among them 709 were accessible as ‘full text’. After applying exclusion criteria and after full text reading only 50 articles remained for the review.

Results: the 50 selected articles shared 306 annotated (visual marking, explanation like arrows) and 432 not annotated figures with the public. The 76% of articles were single studies on one specific topic. The main topic was endodontics with 22 articles. 28 journals from all continents participated in the effort of sharing of figures on anatomical variations from CBCT. However, only 2 journals were completely free of charges for authors and readers.

Conclusions: we have found only 15 annotated and 3 not annotated figures in 2 articles published in 2 different open access journals (without reader pay-wall and without author publication charges). Sharing the knowledge on anatomical variations from dentomaxillofacial CBCT represents an exception in dental literature.
Computed tomography of the heads of ancient Egyptian mummies: a systematic review of the medical literature.
Authors: Olszewski Raphael , Hastir Jean-Philippe , Tilleux Caroline , Delvaux Luc , Danse Etienne
Published: March 2020

Objective: To summarize the current knowledge on CT scanning of Egyptian mummy heads and faces and provide more valid methodology than that previously available.

Material and methods: A systematic review was performed by one observer using two biomedical databases: PubMed and EMBASE. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied along with language restrictions. Finally, 2120 articles were found, 359 articles were duplicated among all search equations, 1454 articles were excluded, 307 articles were retained for full review, and 28 articles (31 mummies) were selected for the final study (PRISMA workflow).

Results: The data were categorized into the following groups: 1) general information; 2) 1st author affiliation; 3) CT radiological protocol; 4) excerebration pathways; 5) soft tissue preservation; 6) dental status and displaced teeth; 7) packing of the mouth, ears, nose, and eyes, and 8) outer facial appearance. The evidence-based quality of the studies was low because only case reports and small case series were found.

Discussion: The embalming art applied to a mummified head and face shows great variability across the whole span of Egyptian civilization. The differences among the various embalming techniques rely on multiple tiny details that are revealed by meticulous analysis of CT scans by a multidisciplinary team of experts.

Conclusion: There is a need for more systematization of the CT radiological protocol and the description of Egyptian mumm’y heads and faces to better understand the details of embalming methods.
Discursive de/humanizing: A multimodal critical discourse analysis of television news representations of undocumented youth
Authors: López Ruth M.
Published: March 2020

This article addresses television news coverage of the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act of 2010, which would have created a path to legal residency for thousands of undocumented immigrants in the United States. Considering the role that news media play in socially constructing groups of people, through an analysis of English- and Spanish-language evening television news coverage of the DREAM Act of 2010, the author examined discursive practices used to represent undocumented youth in both dehumanizing and humanizing ways. The author discusses the implications of these types of discourses for education policy understanding by the public and education stakeholders.
La dimensión pedagógica de la equidad en educación superior
Authors: Silva Marisol
Published: March 2020

En este artículo me propongo construir conceptualmente la dimensión pedagógica de la equidad en educación superior y fundamentar su importancia estratégica para hacer frente a las desigualdades que persisten pese a las políticas de ampliación de oportunidades registradas a escala mundial. Sustentamos un concepto de equidad integral que sintoniza con el de inclusión social para la participación y el empoderamiento. Su dimensión pedagógica, con raíces en las pedagogías críticas, de la capacidad y la educación centrada en el estudiante, engloba procesos educativos inclusivos y dialógicos para fortalecer la agencia de estudiantes no tradicionales tanto para aprender como para revertir las exclusiones educativas y sociales acumuladas. Esta dimensión es clave para optimizar las estrategias de ampliación del acceso y reducir los fracasos que experimenta el estudiantado no tradicional. Ello se evidencia en el análisis de prácticas innovadoras que se presenta en la última sección del artículo. Empujar un nuevo escenario constituye un reto descomunal, un cambio cultural que requiere políticas y acciones multidimensionales, a escala macro y micro social. Las iniciativas son promisorias cuando contemplan la acción colectiva de comunidades universitarias comprometidas con la justicia social.l.
Veljavnost in zanesljivost vprašalnika o potencialnih dejavnikih stresa zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi v slovenskih bolnišnicah
Authors: Dobnik Mojca , Maletič Matjaž , Skela-Savič Brigita
Published: March 2020

Uvod: Zaposleni v zdravstveni negi so izpostavljeni številnim dejavnikom stresa. V slovenskem prostoru doslej nismo imeli instrumenta za merjenje stresa med zaposlenimi v zdravstveni negi. Namen raziskave je bil validirati vprašalnika o merjenju stresorjev, ki so jim izpostavljeni zaposleni v zdravstveni negi v slovenskih bolnišnicah.Metode: Uporabljena je bila kvantitativna deskriptivna metoda, s kavzalno-neeksperimentalnim raziskovalnim dizajnom. Podatki so bili zbrani s pomočjo vprašalnikov »Lestvica za merjenje stresa« in »Stres na delovnem mestu bolnišničnih zdravstvenih delavcev«, združenih v merski instrument »Potencialni dejavniki stresa pri zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi«. Validacija vprašalnika je bila izvedena na priložnostnemvzorcu 983 zaposlenih v 21 slovenskih bolnišnicah. Podatki so analizirani z opisnimi metodami in faktorsko analizo.Rezultati: Z eksploratorno faktorsko analizo je preostalo 34 spremenljivk, ki pojasnijo 68 % celotne variabilnosti. Vrednosti Kaiser-Meyer-Olkinove mere primernosti vzorca in Bartletovega testa sferičnosti (KMO = 0,931, Bartlett: χ2(561) = 9670,501, p < 0,001) so se izkazale kot primerne za izvedbo eksploratorne faktorske analize, s katero smo dobili devet faktorjev. Vprašalnik je zanesljiv, vrednosti koeficienta Cronbach α se gibljejo na intervalu od 0,805 do 0,932.Diskusija in zaključek: Vprašalnik je zanesljiv in veljaven instrument za merjenje potencialnih stresorjev v zdravstveni negi v slovenskih bolnišnicah in odpira možnosti primerjav z veljavnimi instrumenti v tujini. Merilni instrument je namenjen managerjem v zdravstveni negi.
Opis, analiza in vrednotenje teorije medosebnih odnosov Hildegard E. Peplau v pediatrični zdravstveni negi
Authors: Cilar Leona , Pajnkihar Majda
Published: March 2020

Uvod: Temeljne značilnosti pediatrične zdravstvene nege so najboljša skrb za otroka, vzdrževanje integritete družine in otrokove rutine ter posebna znanja in spretnosti za negovanje otroka. Teorija medosebnih odnosov poudarja pomen medosebnega odnosa med medicinsko sestro in pacientom, ki se razvija skozi posamezne faze medsebojnega odnosa. Namen opisa, analize in vrednotenja teorije je ugotoviti možnost prenosa in uporabe teorije v praksi pediatrične zdravstvene nege.Metode: Uporabljen je bil pregled znanstvene in strokovne literature v naslednjih podatkovnih bazah: Web of Science, ProQuest, Medline, PubMed, ScienceDirect in CINAHL. Upoštevana so bila priporočila PRISMA. Identificirane zadetke smo uvrstili v nivo glede na hierarhijo dokazov in ocenili kakovost s pomočjo priporočil GRADE. Teorijo smo opisali, analizirali in evalvirali po modelu avtorice M. Pajnkihar.Rezultati: Izmed 321 identificiranih zadetkov je bilo v končno analizo vključeno 21 zadetkov. S pomočjo analize identificiranih zadetkov ugotavljamo, da večina avtorjev teorijo medosebnih odnosov opredeli kot teorijo srednjega obsega. V veliki meri se strinjajo, da je teorija enostavna in kompleksna ter ima jasno opisane koncepte, propozicije in predpostavke. Fenomen medosebnih odnosov je jasen medicinskim sestram v kliničnem okolju.Diskusija in zaključek: Teorija je uporabna za prakso zdravstvene nege, raziskovanje in izobraževanje. Pred aplikacijo teorije v prakso in izobraževanje na področju pediatrične zdravstvene nege je treba teorijo testirati. Teorija podpira razvoj medosebnih odnosov ter verbalne in neverbalne komunikacije in jo lahko uporabimo za prakso, podprto s teorijo.
The actors of teacher supervision
Authors: Altun Burcu , Yengin Sarkaya Pınar
Published: March 2020

Educational supervision is a process aiming to enhance teaching by developing teacher. The position and the quality of supervisor are of great importance for effective supervision experiences. The purpose of this research is to determine the actors carrying effective teacher supervision. So, school administrators and teachers working in general high schools and supervisors working in provincial directorate of national education in Efeler district of Aydin/Turkey are asked for their opinions. Results show that participants suggest different supervisory actors in different dimensions of teacher supervision. Generally, the school principal, vice-principal, head of the department and student preferences have come to the fore. Teachers, administrators and supervisors suggest different supervisory actors.
Supervising Students in Scientific Writing for Peer Review & Possible Publication
Authors: Abdukhakimova Diyora , Xie Yingqiu
Published: March 2020

Innovation in assessment of STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) courses in subjects such as biology and biochemistry is a widely discussed topic. We report the use of a novel, research-integrated course assessment designed to increase students' self-motivation and improve their learning outcomes. We encouraged submissions to peer-reviewed journals, supported by stepwise supervision on writing by the instructor, which led to possible publication of some student-written articles. We compared the results from two classes in 2015 and 2016, assessing the quality of the published articles on the basis of journal impact factor, journal Scopus score, and number of citations of each article, using supervised assignments to fulfill this goal. Assessment of research-integrated biology learning via potential publishing may motivate students to actively learn a biochemistry topic and encourage early-career professional development.
El fracking en la encrucijada
Authors: Dias Rodrigo Javier
Published: March 2020

La expansión global del capitalismo ha transformado, a partir de las revoluciones industriales de los siglos XVIII y XIX, las lógicas de extracción, producción y comercialización de bienes. Con la llegada del neoliberalismo y con el objetivo de maximizar las ganancias y la acumulación de capital, los ritmos del modelo productivo se han acelerado hasta poner en un horizonte próximo el agotamiento definitivo de los recursos. En este sentido, la necesidad de mantener constante la oferta de productos al mercado ha potenciado la investigación y el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías, las cuales se vuelven imprescindibles para la explotación de recursos naturales estratégicos consolidando un neoextractivismo que hace estragos en las economías periféricas.

La fractura hidráulica o fracking se ha convertido en los últimos años en la técnica más utilizada para la extracción de hidrocarburos en los yacimientos denominados no convencionales. Sin embargo, los impactos ambientales y daños colaterales generados por la actividad ponen en una encrucijada a esta tecnología: en Sudamérica, la explotación a través de la fractura hidráulica es legitimada desde los Estados como sinónimo de crecimiento, pero al mismo tiempo su desarrollo desconoce todo tipo de organización preexistente sobre los territorios afectados. Áreas protegidas, reservas naturales o comunidades de pueblos originarios van siendo absorbidos y deteriorados por el avance de esta técnica.

Es por ello que el presente trabajo plantea dos cuestiones de díficil respuesta: ¿cuál es el verdadero costo del fracking? ¿qué es necesario priorizar, rentabilidad económica o sustentabilidad medioambiental?
Presentación
Authors: Germana Cavero Cesar Armando
Published: March 2020

Siento una gran satisfacción al presentar el segundo número de nuestra revista Espiral. Revista de geografía y ciencias sociales porque a pesar de las dificultades, debido a nuestros limitados recursos, podemos entregar a nuestros lectores un conjunto de trabajos que se orientan en la dirección de una ciencia social crítica descolonial gracias al esfuerzo de un grupo de profesores y estudiantes y el apoyo de la Dirección de Biblioteca y Publicaciones de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.
Hacia una geografía de la migración
Authors: Valencia León Ivonne Teresa
Published: March 2020

Los desplazamientos masivos de población desde su lugar de origen a otro distinto, caracteriza el Siglo XX y lo que va del Siglo XXI. Las crisis ecológicas, políticas, económicas y el incremento de la violencia, dan lugar a que las personas decidan abandonar todo para apostar por lo desconocido y ubicarse en otro lugar que les garantice una vida digna y con un estilo de vida diferente. Por estos problemas, muchos ciudadanos, no tienen una vida saludable –física, mental y emocional- (falta de acceso a las medicinas –especialmente vacunas- y alimentos). Los fenómenos naturales, como consecuencia de la crisis ambiental en el mundo, han puesto en evidencia las enormes brechas sociales que caracterizan a los países subdesarrollados o en vías de desarrollo. Así, los inmigrantes del Siglo XXI 3, buscan integrarse a la sociedad a la cual decidieron llegar y buscan mejorar su calidad de vida (trabajo digno, remuneración adecuada, alimentación saludable, acceso a la salud y a la educación). En tal sentido, este trabajo, parte de la idea que los inmigrantes extranjeros recrean ciertas estrategias para lograr insertarse socialmente a un determinado espacio urbano. Por esta razón, consideramos que, para estudiar la dirección del movimiento migratorio, la distancia recorrida y la magnitud de la población migrante, corresponde el empleo de las ciencias sociales como la sociología, historia, antropología, economía, ciencia política y de la geografía. Toda vez que, el desplazamiento de las personas de un espacio a otro supone cambios profundos en la vida social, en este artículo se estudia un aspecto de la geografía que es la geografía humana, en la medida en que permite acercarnos a la comprensión de la problemática migratoria y a la caracterización del migrante del Siglo XXI.

Teniendo en cuenta que la geografía humana permite estudiar a la sociedad y su relación con el espacio físico (estudio del ser humano y sus relaciones con el entorno), y considerando el enfoque de la geopolítica, nos dan posibilidad de plantear la idea que da origen al título del artículo: hacia una geografía de la migración. Proponemos analizar tres aspectos: el enfoque teórico de la migración desde la geografía; la geopolítica y la geografía humana y, la cuestión del poder.
Centralidad y policentralidad urbanas
Authors: Beuf Alice
Published: March 2020

El artículo es un estado del arte sobre los conceptos de centralidad y policentralidades urbanas. Analiza la construcción de los conceptos y sus diversos enfoques en la geografía urbana contemporánea y plantea el debate sobre el proceso de recomposición de la centralidad en las grandes metrópolis en el mundo y en Latinoamérica, desde la geografía económica, los estudios de la movilidad cotidiana y de los modos de vida y transformación de la sociabilidad urbana. Presenta los retos a la hora de planear centralidades urbanas a partir de unos ejemplos en ciudades europeas con tradición en planeamiento urbano.
La red social linkedin como espacio de comunicación política
Authors: Villegas Arteaga Janeth Y.
Published: March 2020

En los últimos años los medios digitales están teniendo un impacto importante en el discurso político y en la comunicación en la sociedad. En particular, las redes sociales se utilizan cada vez más en el contexto político. Sin embargo, los estudios realizados se han concentrado en dos redes sociales, Twitter y Facebook, dejando de lado otras plataformas que tienen características y elementos necesarios para ser utilizadas en dicho ámbito, como es el caso de LinkedIn, una red social con más de 610 millones de usuarios en el mundo. Es por ello que en esta investigación la línea de análisis se centra en LinkedIn y su potencial uso en la comunicación política. A través de una metodología descriptiva, con la técnica cuantitativa, se ha elaborado una ficha de análisis con dimensiones y niveles basados en las características propias de la red; y a través de técnicas cualitativas, con entrevistas físicas y on-line, este trabajo tratará de demostrar su funcionamiento y su papel político.
Missão de impregnar “alma” numa enxada
Authors: Platzeck Senra Letícia Larin
Published: March 2020

Uma digressão entre dois objetos litúrgicos, em forma de cruz, capta diferentes maneiras de relacionar-se com o tempo e com o espaço. O contraste, entre aspetos imbuídos no tratamento com o cruzeiro cristão e com o kurusu – o qual indica sepulturas de familiares e antepassados dos ameríndios guarani-kaiowá –, revela distintos modos de o corpo lidar com a realidade circundante. Como evadir da atual lógica reinante, a qual gera cenários opressivos como o que persiste no estado Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, onde guarani-kaiowá sobrevivem com dificuldade? Para procurar alguma inspiração resolutiva, a presente reflexão esforça-se por esboçar meios de impregnar-se pela cosmovisão indígena. Como proposta está o esforço individual por deixar-se intrigar pela “permeabilidade cutânea”, ou seja, por estar atento às “distrações” significantes instauradas no contato com o presente. Este comportamento entende-se, assim, como via para a aquisição de sentimentos, ecologicamente e socialmente, sustentáveis e responsáveis.
IV Foro Científico Internacional «Entre Dos Orillas» Migraciones: Causas y Efectos
Authors: Valencia León Ivonne Teresa
Published: March 2020

Laayoune, Marruecos. La Universidad Mohamed V de Rabat (Facultad de Letras y Ciencias Humanas, Derecho, Economía y Ciencias Sociales) y Alter Forum Internacional, con la colaboración del Centro de Investigación Hlcr y el Laboratorio de Investigación Lt2, organizaron la cuarta edición del Foro Científico Internacional «Entre dos orillas» Migraciones: causas y efectos. Con el objetivo de ayudar en la difusión del acuerdo del Pacto Mundial de la Migración –impulsado por el Reino de Marruecos junto a la ONU y desarrollado en la ciudad de Marrakech el 10 y 11 de diciembre de 2018– nos reunimos en Laayoune, ciudad construida en un desierto, diversos docentes investigadores provenientes de universidades de 11 países, siendo representantes de diversas culturas, para discutir sobre las problemáticas que se han generado a propósito de la migración humana por el mundo. En las siguientes líneas, vamos a presentar la descripción de las principales actividades desarrolladas y del trabajo de observación participante llevado a cabo entre los días 4 y 7 de julio, y hasta el 10 con actividades culturales, de relaciones internacionales y de un poco de turismo; las mismas que se presentarán teniendo en cuenta los siguientes criterios: ponencias internacionales, organización del evento, idiomas, espiritualidad religiosa, gastronomía árabe, estilo de vida y el desierto de Sahara.
Análisis geográfico y prospectivas del desarrollo del país desde la óptica espacial en la elaboración del Atlas Geográfico de 1989
Authors: Olivas Villanera Mario Rafael , Escudero Camarena Claudia Isabel
Published: March 2020

Luis Alberto Oliveros Lakoma es un reconocido geógrafo peruano debido a sus importantes aportes sobre Planificación Regional. Sus áreas de especialización y de trabajo son: Ordenamiento Territorial y Desarrollo Regional, Medio Ambiente, Transporte Internacional e Integración Física, Geopolítica Sudamericana, y Desarrollo e Integración Fronteriza. Nació en Lima en 1950, es bachiller, titulado y doctor en Geografía de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. De igual manera, es magister en Ordenamiento Territorial y Desarrollo Regional de la Universidad Le Mirail, Toulouse.
Crítica y política desde el Arte gráfico de caricatura
Authors: Díaz Aparicio Ademar
Published: March 2020

A principios de los años ochenta, varias figuras del arte gráfico peruano, como Carlos Tovar, Carlos Acevedo, Eduardo Rodríguez y otras, hicieron de la figura de Alan García el semblante del nacimiento de una nueva clase peruana asentada en el criollismo, la viveza y la coima desmesurada. Este aparente descaro implícito en las gráficas sobre la persona del mandatario y las cuestiones que abarcaron su improntas personales como figura clave de tránsito de la oligarquía a la choledad (Nugent, 1990) son extraordinariamente expuestas en Yo Alan, libro del ingeniero y caricaturista Carlos Tovar, conocido en los medios como Carlín, el cual fue editado por la editora Grafal en 1990.