bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
French, Peter
Authors: Lindh Jonas
Published: October 2012

Peter French (1953– ) is honorary professor in the Department of Language and Linguistic Science at the University of York. He is probably the world's most experienced speech scientist in respect of forensic casework. He has been consulted as an expert witness in more than 5,000 cases arising from countries throughout the world and has appeared in court on over 200 occasions. The cases in which he has been consulted have been heard before courts of all levels, including International Commissions of Enquiry and the International War Crimes Tribunal. With regard to the latter court, he provided evidence for the genocide trial of the President of the former Yugoslavia,United Nations v. Slobodan Milošević(http://www.icty.org/case/slobodan_milosevic/4). In the United Kingdom his involvement in the caseR v. Ingram, C., Ingram, D., and Whittock, T.—the so‐called “‘Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?’ Fraud Trial”—received wide media attention (French & Harrison, 2004).
Carbonyl‐β‐Cyclodextrin as a Novel Binder for Sulfur Composite Cathodes in Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Wang Jiulin , Yao Zhendong , Monroe Charles W. , Yang Jun , Nuli Yanna
Published: October 2012

As one of the essential components in electrodes, the binder affects the performance of a rechargeable battery. By modifying β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), an appropriate binder for sulfur composite cathodes is identified. Through a partial oxidation reaction in H2O2 solution, β‐CD is successfully modified to carbonyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (C‐β‐CD), which exhibits a water solubility ca. 100 times that of β‐CD at room temperature. C‐β‐CD possesses the typical properties of an aqueous binder: strong bonding strength, high solubility in water, moderate viscosity, and wide electrochemical windows. Sulfur composite cathodes with C‐β‐CD as the binder demonstrate a high reversible capacity of 694.2 mA h g(composite)−1 and 1542.7 mA h g(sulfur)−1, with a sulfur utilization approaching 92.2%. The discharge capacity remains at 1456 mA h g(sulfur)−1 after 50 cycles, which is much higher than that of the cathode with unmodified β‐CD as binder. Combined with its low cost and environmental benignity, C‐β‐CD is a promising binder for sulfur cathodes in rechargeable lithium batteries with high electrochemical performance.
Unexpected N‐Demethylation of Oxymorphone and Oxycodone N‐Oxides Mediated by the Burgess Reagent: Direct Synthesis of Naltrexone, Naloxone, and Other Antagonists from Oxymorphone
Authors: Werner Lukas , Wernerova Martina , Machara Ales , Endoma‐Arias Mary Ann , Duchek Jan , Adams David R. , Cox D. Phillip , Hudlicky Tomas
Published: October 2012

N‐Oxides derived from oxycodone and O‐acyloxymorphone were treated with the Burgess reagent to provide the corresponding oxazolidines in excellent yields. Oxazolidines derived from O‐acyloxymorphone were further hydrolyzed to noroxymorphone, whose alkylation furnished naltrexone, naloxone, and nalbuphone, which can be converted to nalbuphine, the mixed agonist‐antagonist analgesic. The entire sequence from oxymorphone to the various antagonists was reduced to three one‐pot operations, proceeding in excellent overall yields. In addition, quaternary salts of the oxazolidines with allyl or cyclopropylmethyl groups in fixed equatorial configurations were synthesized. Complete spectral and experimental data are provided for all compounds.
Direct Synthesis of Naltrexone by Palladium‐Catalyzed N‐Demethylation/Acylation of Oxymorphone: The Benefit of CH Activation and the Intramolecular Acyl Transfer from C‐14 Hydroxy
Authors: Machara Ales , Cox D. Phillip , Hudlicky Tomas
Published: October 2012

Oxymorphone was converted to naltrexone in three steps by palladium‐catalyzed oxidative N‐demethylation and intramolecular acyl transfer from C‐14 hydroxy to N‐17. Vitride™ reduction of N‐acylamide to N‐alkylamine proceeded with concomitant reductive deprotection of C‐6 and O‐3 functionalities.
Development of a general model for determination of thermal conductivity of liquid chemical compounds at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Gharagheizi Farhad , Ilani‐Kashkouli Poorandokht , Sattari Mehdi , Mohammadi Amir H. , Ramjugernath Deresh , Richon Dominique
Published: October 2012

In this communication, a general model for representation/presentation of the liquid thermal conductivity of chemical compounds (mostly organic) at 1 atm pressure for temperatures below normal boiling point and at saturation pressure for temperatures above the normal boiling point is developed using the Gene Expression Programming algorithm. Approximately 19,000 liquid thermal conductivity data at different temperatures related to 1636 chemical compounds collected from the DIPPR 801 database are used to obtain the model as well as to assess its predictive capability. The parameters of the model comprise temperature, acentric factor, critical pressure, normal boiling temperature, and molecular weight. Nearly 80% of the data set (15,221 data) is randomly assigned to develop the model equation, 10% of the data set (1902 data) is used to validate the model, and the remaining data (1902 data) were implemented to evaluate its predictive power. The average absolute relative deviation of the model results from the DIPPR 801 data is less than 9%. In terms of simplicity and wide range of applicability, this empirical model shows acceptable accuracy. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1702–1708, 2013
Clinical severity and epithelial endotypes in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lam Matthew , Hull Laura , McLachlan Rohan , Snidvongs Kornkiat , Chin David , Pratt Ellie , Kalish Larry , Sacks Raymond , Earls Peter , Sewell William , Harvey Richard J.
Published: October 2012

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease defined by epithelial inflammation. The link between measures of traditional disease severity and markers of epithelial inflammation is poorly understood as prior research has focused on presence of polyps or degree of eosinophilia. The expression of 3 epithelial derived cytokines implicated in initiation of T‐helper 2 (Th2) inflammation and an eosinophil chemoattractant were compared with clinical measures used in CRS.

Methods

Sinus mucosal samples from CRS patients undergoing sinus surgery were analyzed for interleukin‐25 (IL‐25), IL‐33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and eotaxin‐3 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Tumor patients undergoing surgery transnasally with normal sinus mucosa were controls. Gene expression was compared with symptom, radiology, and endoscopy scores, serological markers, presence of reactive airways disease (RAD), and atopy.

Results

Thirty‐seven patients (38% female, mean age 48 ± 15 years), 12 CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), 18 CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and 7 controls were recruited. CRSwNP phenotype predicted elevated IL‐25, IL‐33, and eotaxin‐3 levels. Increased eotaxin‐3 correlated with poorer computed tomography (CT) (p = 0.004) and endoscopic scores (p = 0.049). Increased IL‐25 correlated with poorer CT scores (p = 0.012) and raised serum eosinophils (p = 0.006). No associations with RAD, atopy, and symptom measures were found. No associations for IL‐33 and TSLP were found.

Conclusion

Inflammatory mediators of the epithelium in CRS has some correlation with traditional measures of disease burden. Certain epithelial profiles may predict highly dysfunctional epithelial barriers and prospective evaluation of the clinical outcomes from interventions is required. Future endotyping of the epithelium in CRS may be able to provide prognostic information.
Staphylococcus aureus prevalence in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis vs other subsets of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Clark David W. , Wenaas Ashley , Luong Amber , Citardi Martin J. , Fakhri Samer
Published: October 2012

Background

The pathogenesis of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is thought to represent an immunological reaction to fungal antigens. Recent studies have implicated superantigens and non‐immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated mechanisms in the development of AFRS. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in AFRS vs other subsets of chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (CRSwNP, also termed non‐AFRS).

Methods

A case series with retrospective review of 19 patients with AFRS and 21 patients with CRSwNP was performed at a tertiary referral center. The diagnosis of AFRS required the presence of defined criteria described by Bent and Kuhn. Bacterial cultures and fungal cultures were analyzed for each group.

Results

S. aureus was significantly more prevalent in the AFRS group compared with the non‐AFRS group (63.2% vs 24.1%, p = 0.005).

Conclusion

S. aureus has been implicated as a disease modifier in CRSwNP through superantigen‐mediated mechanisms. This study demonstrates a higher prevalence of S. aureus in patients with AFRS vs patients with other subsets of CRSwNP (non‐AFRS). These results support a potential role for S. aureus in the pathogenesis of AFRS.
Aluminum, calcium and zinc complexes supported by potentially tridentate iminophenolate ligands: synthesis and use in the ring‐opening polymerization of lactide
Authors: Bouyhayi Miloud , Sarazin Yann , Casagrande Osvaldo L. , Carpentier Jean‐François
Published: October 2012

The coordination chemistry of the potentially tridentate phenoxyethyl‐ and benzylaminoethyl‐iminophenol pro‐ligands {ONO}H and {ONN}H on to calcium, zinc and aluminum centers has been studied. {ONO}Ca(N(SiMe3)2)(THF) (1) was prepared by a one‐pot salt metathesis procedure but the analogous reaction with {ONN}H led to intractable mixtures. Reaction of {ONO}H and {ONN}H with ZnEt2 (0.5 or 1 equiv.) systematically led to isolation of the corresponding homoleptic complexes {ONO}2Zn (2) and {ONN}2Zn (3). The dimethylaluminum complexes {ONO}AlMe2 (4) and {ONN}AlMe2 (5) were readily prepared by treatment of AlMe3 with 1 equiv. of the corresponding pro‐ligands. Compounds 2 and 4 both feature monomeric structures in the solid state, with chelating iminophenolate ligands and free‐hanging phenoxyethyl arms. The amido complex 1 was shown to be a moderately active initiator for the controlled ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of racemic lactide at room temperature, yielding polylactides with high initiation efficiencies, relatively narrow polydispersities and a slight heterotactic bias. Immortal polymerizations were achieved by combining excess isopropanol to 1, offering up to 50 macromolecules per metal center, with well‐controlled molecular features. The dimethylaluminum compounds 4 and 5 initiated the controlled ROP of lactide in the presence of 1 equiv. of benzyl alcohol as a co‐initiator but required higher temperatures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of polyphenol microsphere‐supported palladium complex and evaluation of its catalytic performance for Heck reaction
Authors: Nie Guangrui , Zhang Lei , Cui Yuanchen
Published: October 2012

Polyphenol microspheres were prepared by template polymerization of phenol in the presence of horseradish peroxidase as bio‐enzyme catalyst and aqueous 1,4‐dioxane as solvent. The morphology of polyphenol microspheres thus obtained was observed with a scanning electron microscope. Further, polyphenol microspheres as obtained were loaded with palladium to generate polyphenol microsphere‐supported Pd complex. Resultant Pd complex catalyst supported by polyphenol microspheres was characterized by means of Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and its thermal stability was examined. Moreover, the catalytic activity of polyphenol microsphere‐supported Pd catalyst as synthesized for the Heck reactions of acrylic acid with aryl iodides was evaluated. Results indicate that the polyphenol microsphere as obtained has a diameter of about 500 nm. Polyphenol microsphere‐supported Pd catalyst, as synthesized, at a dosage of 0.37 mol% Pd, possesses good catalytic activity for the Heck reactions of acrylic acid with aryl iodides in air at a low temperature of 50°C, and it also exhibits catalytic activity for bromide and activated chlorobenzene. The polyphenol microsphere‐supported Pd complex has good thermal stability, and it can be readily separated and reused; the yield of the reaction of iodobenzene with acrylic acid remains at 82% after five recycle runs, showing promising potential as a catalyst for Heck reactions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solid Supramolecular Architecture of a Perylene Diimide Derivative for Fluorescent Enhancement
Authors: Yu Yanwen , Shi Qinghua , Li Yongjun , Liu Taifeng , Zhang Liang , Shuai Zhigang , Li Yuliang
Published: October 2012

A new p‐phenylenevinylene‐linked perylene diimide has been synthesized and self‐assembled for the formation of zero‐dimensional molecular aggregate structures of nanospheres and vesicles through solvent tuning. The solid‐state optical properties induced by a special wavelength laser were studied and the results indicated excellent fluorescent enhancement properties. The emission intensity of these aggregates increased with elongation of the laser irradiation time. Based on the analysis of variable‐temperature 1H NMR spectra, DFT calculations, and the single‐crystal structure of the linkage group, a conformation‐dependent fluorescent enhancement mechanism could be demonstrated. The mechanism is different from the fluorescent bleaching of normal solid‐state fluorescent materials and offers potential applications in optical devices.
Lokale Beheizung von thermischen Schwachstellen
Authors: Krus Martin , Wurm Sabrina
Published: October 2012

Für drei verschiedene Wärmebrücken wird untersucht, ob zur Vermeidung von Schimmelpilzwachstum eine lokale Beheizung gegebenenfalls sinnvoller ist als eine erhöhte Lüftung der betroffenen Räume mit entsprechenden höheren Lüftungswärmeverlusten. Dazu wird eine übliche Wohnung zugrunde gelegt und ausgehend von einer “Grund“‐Lüftungsrate von 0,3 h–1, bei der an allen drei Wärmebrücken Schimmelpilzwachstum auftritt, untersucht, ab welcher Lüftungsrate es an den jeweiligen Standorten und den betrachteten Wärmebrücken nicht mehr zu Schimmelpilzwachstum kommt. Anschließend wurde der Einsatz eines Heizkabels an den Wärmebrücken simuliert und sowohl der Energie‐ als auch der Primärenergieverbrauch verglichen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass der Energieverbrauch für den Einsatz des Heizkabels an allen untersuchten Wärmebrücken geringer ist als derjenige für die zusätzliche Fensterlüftung. Wird jedoch durch Berücksichtigung des Primärenergiefaktors der unterschiedlichen Energieträger der Primärenergieverbrauch verglichen, ist der Einsatz des Heizkabels nicht in jedem Fall besser.

Local heating of thermal bridges. For three different thermal bridges it is investigated whether from an energetic side of view a local heating of the affected areas is superior to an increased ventilation in order to prevent mould growth. For a common type of dwelling and a “basic” air change rate of 0.3 h–1, which results in mould growth on all three thermal bridges, it was examined which additional air change rate is necessary to prevent mould growth. Subsequently, heating cables were simulated at the thermal bridges and the energy as well as the primary energy consumption compared for both scenarios. It turns out that energy consumption is lower in the case of the heating cable at all thermal bridges. However considering the primary energy factor of the different energy sources the use of the heating cable is not always better.
Windkanaluntersuchungen zwecks Quantifizierung und Validierung der Wirkung von Windinduktion und thermischen Auftriebskräften auf die natürliche Lüftung eines industriellen Innovationszentrums
Authors: Kistelegdi István , Baranyai Bálint
Published: October 2012

Im Planungs‐ und Entwicklungsprozess des ersten Plusenergie‐Produktions‐ und Innovationszentrums in Ungarn spielten gebäudeaerodynamische Untersuchungen eine essentielle Rolle hinsichtlich der natürlichen Belüftbarkeit, Raumkomfort und Energieeffizienz des Gebäudes. Im Mittelpunkt der Prüfung des theoretischen Gebäudemodells standen die zwei strömungstechnisch signifikanten Gebäudebereiche: die Produktionshalle mit passiven Lüftungstürmen und das zentrale Atrium. Im Rahmen einer Windkanalstudie wurde untersucht, wie sich das Konzept der natürlichen Lüftung unter windinduzierten und thermisch bedingten Antriebskräften verhält. Hierzu sind die Winddruckverteilungen im Bereich der geplanten Öffnungen zu ermitteln und die Turmabdeckvorrichtungen bzw. Dachkonstruktionen aerodynamisch zu optimieren. Die Bewertung der Mess‐ und Berechnungsergebnisse zeigt, dass das passive Lüftungskonzept der im September 2012 fertiggestellten Anlage hinsichtlich Funktion und Effizienz bereits in der Planungsphase nachgewiesen sowie die Baukonstruktionen strömungstechnisch optimiert werden konnten.

Wind tunnel measurements for the purpose of quantifying and validation of wind induction and thermal buoyancy effects on natural ventilation in an industrial innovation centre. Building aerodynamic investigations play an essential role in the planning‐ and development process of the first energy‐plus industrial innovation centre in Hungary. The main focus of the analysis concerns with natural ventilation, indoor comfort an energy efficiency in the two significant flow frequented parts of the Building: the production hall with passive ventilation towers and the central atrium. In a wind tunnel study the natural ventilation concept could be surveyed in wind induced and under buoyancy driven conditions. Therefor wind pressure contributions shall be determined and roof constructions must be aerodynamically optimized. The evaluation of the measurements and calculations shows, that the passive ventilation concept of this in September 2012 accomplished construction could be verified already in the planning phase, in regard to function and efficiency, furthermore the structural design was fluid mechanical optimized.
Wie “Weiße Elefanten” vermieden werden können
Authors: Bienhaus Axel
Published: October 2012

Nachhaltige Stadienkonzepte sind ganzheitliche Konzepte. Sie berücksichtigen die Sportstätten und deren Infrastruktur sowohl für den Veranstaltungs‐ als auch für den Langzeitmodus und sorgen so dafür, dass die Entstehung “Weißer Elefanten” vermieden wird. Ein Beispiel hierfür stellt das Bewerbungskonzept für die Fußball WM™ 2022 in Katar dar. Von 2009 bis 2010 hat die AS&P – Albert Speer & Partner GmbH zusammen mit der PROPROJEKT Planungsmanagement & Projektberatung GmbH und der Münchener Agentur SERVICEPLAN die Bewerbungsdokumente für den Wüstenstaat erarbeitet. Acht der zwölf Stadien für die Fußballweltmeisterschaft haben AS&P entworfen (Bilder 1 bis 10). Neben der optimalen Berücksichtigung aller FIFA‐Anforderungen bestimmt vor allem die Nachhaltigkeit den Entwurf der Stadien: Modulbauweise und ein innovatives Klimakonzept zeichnen die Stadien aus und zeigen Musterlösungen auf – auch für Stadien im kleineren Maßstab.

Sustainable stadium concepts – how to avoid “white elephants”

Sustainable stadium concepts are holistic in nature. They focus on the sports facilities and their infrastructure not only during the event itself, but factor in the long‐term usage too, as this will help prevent “white elephants”. An example of such a concept is the bid for the FIFA World Cup™ 2022 in Qatar. From 2009 to 2010, together with PROPROJEKT Planungsmanagement & Projektberatung GmbH and the Munich‐based agency SERVICEPLAN AS&P (Albert Speer & Partner GmbH) developed the bid book and documentation for the Gulf country. Eight out of the 12 stadiums for the FIFA World Cup were designed by AS&P (Fig. 1 to 10). AS&P made certain that the plans for the stadiums not only fully complied with all FIFA requirements but in addition paid special attention to ensuring their sustainability: The modular construction methods and the innovative climate control concept characterizing the stadiums are truly exemplary solutions – for smaller‐scale stadiums, too.
Stadien für die FIFA Fußball‐Weltmeisterschaft 2014 in Brasilien
Authors: Göppert Knut , Stockhusen Knut , Dziewas Stefan , Moschner Thomas , Schober Tilman
Published: October 2012

Für die Austragung der FIFA Fußball‐Weltmeisterschaft 2014 in Brasilien werden seit 2008 mehrere Stadien neu geplant und gebaut, andere werden erweitert und modernisiert.

Vier Projekte werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt. Drei davon befinden sich in der beschriebenen Form im Bau. Bei dem vierten Projekt wurde nach Abgabe unserer vollständigen, detaillierten Ausführungsplanung ein alternativer Entwurf ausgewählt.

Zeitgleich Entwürfe für vier unterschiedliche Projekte zu entwickeln und vor Ort zu vertreten, erfordert entsprechend besetzte und geübte Teams, aber auch eine klare Definition der jeweiligen Entwurfsparameter. Diese stellten sich bei den beschriebenen Projekten sehr unterschiedlich dar und so präsentieren sich auch die resultierenden Entwürfe wieder einmal als neue, erfrischende Variationen des bekannten Themas.

Stadia for the FIFA Worldcup 2014 in Brazil.

Since 2008 several stadia are newly planned and under construction, others will be expanded and modernized for the FIFA 2014 World Cup in Brazil.

In this paper four projects are presented. Three of them are under construction now, the fourth project was stopped after completion of the structural planning and an alternative design was selected to be built.

To develop designs for four different stadia at the same time and to represent the designs locally, requires appropriately staffed and experienced teams, but also a clear definition of the design parameters. These parameters differ in each project and so are the resulting designs. New and refreshing variations of the familiar theme.
Schalenkrieg. Ein Bauingenieur‐Drama in neun Akten.
Authors: May Roland
Published: October 2012

Kurz nachdem die Bauunternehmung Dyckerhoff & Widmann eine bahnbrechende Methode zur Errichtung von Betonschalen entwickelt hatte, trafen dort mit Franz Dischinger und Ulrich Finsterwalder zwei Meister ihres Fachs aufeinander. Der Bericht zeichnet wichtige Stationen ihrer spannungsgeladenen Kooperation nach, die in weniger als einem Jahrzehnt zur Schaffung jener theoretischen und praktischen Grundlagen führte, von denen aus der Betonschalenbau die ganze Welt erobern sollte.

Shell Wars. A Civil Engineer Drama in Nine Acts. Dedicated to the 125th birthday of Franz Dischinger

Shortly after it had developed a groundbreaking method for the construction of thin concrete shells, the building enterprise Dyckerhoff & Widmann became the stage for the encounter of two brilliant civil engineers, Franz Dischinger and Ulrich Finsterwalder. The article describes important episodes of their conflict‐riddled cooperation, which provided in less than a decade the theoretical and practical basis that would enable thin concrete shell constructions to conquer the whole world.
Die neue DAfStb‐Richtlinie “Verstärken von Betonbauteilen mit geklebter Bewehrung”
Authors: Finckh Wolfgang , Ignatiadis Anett , Niedermeier Roland , Wiens Udo , Zilch Konrad
Published: October 2012

Die Verstärkung von Betonbauteilen mit geklebter Bewehrung wurde in Deutschland bisher alleinig durch allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassungen und Zustimmungen im Einzelfall geregelt. Da sich das Verstärken von Betonbauteilen mit geklebter Bewehrung immer mehr zur Regelbauweise entwickelt und die europäische Harmonisierung auf diesem Gebiet voranschreitet, wurde ein neues Regelwerk für die Verstärkung von Betonbauteilen mit geklebter Bewehrung geschaffen. Dazu haben sich alle von der Themenstellung betroffenen Parteien in einem Unterausschuss des Deutschen Ausschusses für Stahlbeton zusammengefunden und sich in die Formulierung der DAfStb‐Richtlinie “Verstärken von Betonbauteilen mit geklebter Bewehrung” eingebracht. Nach Abschluss des Einspruchsverfahrens und anschließender Notifizierung erscheint die Richtlinie voraussichtlich im September oder Oktober 2012.

The new DAfStb‐Guideline “Strengthening of concrete structures with adhesive bonded reinforcement”

The strengthening of concrete structures with adhesive bonded reinforcement has in Germany only been governed so far through national technical approvals and approvals in individual cases. Since the strengthening of reinforced concrete structures with adhesive bonded reinforcement has become a standard construction method and due to the starting of a harmonisation process in European standardisation committees a new guideline in this area of interest was created. For that purpose all groups, which are concerned about this topic were assembled in a committee under the responsibility of the German Committee for Structural Concrete and created the DAfStb‐guideline “strengthening of concrete structures with adhesive bonded reinforcement”. The guideline will be published in September or October 2012.
Light emission from tryptophan oxidation by hypobromous acid
Authors: Petrônio Maicon Segalla , Ximenes Valdecir Farias
Published: October 2012

The emission of ultraweak light from cells is a phenomenon associated with the oxidation of biomolecules by reactive oxygen species. The indole moiety present in tryptophan, serotonin and melatonin is frequently associated with the emission of light during the oxidation of these metabolites. This study presents results for hypobromous acid (HOBr) oxidation of tryptophan as a putative endogenous source of ultraweak light emission. We found that chemiluminescence elicited by the oxidation of tryptophan by HOBr was significantly higher than by hypochlorous acid (HOCl). This difference was related to secondary oxidation reactions, which were more intense using HOBr. The products identified during oxidation by HOCl, but depleted by using HOBr, were N‐formylkynurenine, kynurenine, 1,2,3,3a,8,8a‐hexahydro‐3a‐hydroxypyrrolo[2,3‐b]‐indole‐2‐carboxylic acid, oxindolylalanine and dioxindolylalanine. The emission of light is dependent on the free α‐amino group of tryptophan, and hence, the indole of serotonin and melatonin, although efficiently oxidized, did not produce chemiluminescence. The emission of light was even greater using taurine monobromamine and dibromamine as the oxidant compared to HOBr. A mechanism based on bromine radical intermediates is suggested for the higher efficiency in light emission. Altogether, the experimental evidence described in the present study indicates that the oxidation of free tryptophan or tryptophan residues in proteins is an important source of ultraweak cellular emission of light. This light emission is increased in the presence of taurine, an amino acid present in large amounts in leukocytes, where this putative source of ultraweak light emission is even more relevant. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor‐based peptides on elastase activity and their incorporation in hyaluronic acid hydrogels for chronic wound therapy
Authors: Barros Sandra Cerqueira , Martins José Alberto , Marcos João Carlos , Cavaco‐Paulo Artur
Published: October 2012

Chronic nonhealing skin wounds, such as leg ulcers and pressure sores, represent a major clinical problem and a financial burden for the health care systems. Chronic wounds are characterized by prolonged inflammatory phase that results in high levels of elastase, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and diminished growth factor activity. Under normal physiological conditions, elastase is a powerful host defence and its activity is regulated by endogenous inhibitors. The unrestrained elastase activity in chronic wounds may be tuned by exogenous active materials that inhibit elastase. Secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor, SLPI, is a potent endogenous inhibitor of elastase. Peptide fragments, KRCCPDTCGIKCL (Pep4) and KRMMPDTMGIKML (Pep4M), selected from SLPI primary structure were studied as potential elastase inhibitors. Kinetic studies performed for human neutrophil elastase (HNE) and porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) in presence of these peptides revealed that both behave as uncompetitive and noncompetitive inhibitors of HNE and PPE, respectively. The influence of ROS and albumin on Pep4 and Pep4M inhibitory activity toward elastase reveals that this mixture increases the inhibitory activity of both peptides. These peptides were incorporated in hyaluronic acid hydrogels to evaluate the possibility of being used as active compounds in a drug delivery system. Assessment of HNE and PPE activity in the presence of these hydrogels formulations revealed a considerable decrease in enzyme activity. Although, only moderated elastase inhibition was observed, these peptides represent potential candidates for chronic wound applications, as there is no need for complete elastase inhibition in the normal wound healing process. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 98: 576–590, 2012.
A laboratory course for teaching laboratory techniques, experimental design, statistical analysis, and peer review process to undergraduate science students
Authors: Gliddon C. M. , J. Rosengren R.
Published: October 2012

This article describes a 13‐week laboratory course called Human Toxicology taught at the University of Otago, New Zealand. This course used a guided inquiry based laboratory coupled with formative assessment and collaborative learning to develop in undergraduate students the skills of problem solving/critical thinking, data interpretation and written discussion of results. The laboratory practices were a guided inquiry based around retinol's ability to potentiate acetaminophen‐mediated hepatotoxicity. To induce critical thinking, students were given a choice as to which assay they could use to determine how retinol affected acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Short summaries were handed in following each assay and formed the bases of the formative assessment. To complete the feedback loop, a summative assessment that consisted of all the graphs and concepts from the short summaries were combined into a manuscript. To give the students exposure to science communication, the manuscript had to be written in accordance to the submission guidelines for Toxicological Sciences. Evaluation of this course was determined by a student questionnaire using a Likert scale and students' responses were very favorable. While the subject matter was toxicological centric, the content could be easily modified to suit another subject matter in biochemistry and molecular biology. © 2012 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Multiple variations of the arterial pattern in upper extremities: A case report and embryological pathogenesis
Authors: Klimek‐Piotrowska Wiesława , Pacholczak Renata , Walocha Jerzy
Published: October 2012

During a routine dissection at the Department of Anatomy, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, one cadaver was found to have multiple variations of the arteries of the upper limbs. The variations pertained to the course of the brachial artery as well as to its distribution. An unusual formation of the superficial palmar arch was observed in both upper limbs. The anatomical peculiarities encountered included: in the left upper limb—the brachioradial artery, which formed the superficial palmar arch by turning to the palmar side of the hand and connecting with the ulnar artery and in the right upper limb—a subscapular‐circumflex humeral‐deep brachial trunk that correlated with a high division of the brachial artery (in the upper third of the biceps brachii muscle), a large anastomosis between the radial and the ulnar artery, the presence of a persistent median artery, and the unusual formation of the superficial palmar arch, which was created by the median, ulnar, and radial arteries. In this report, we will trace the path of the axillary artery and its branches in detail and emphasize its embryological significance. Clin. Anat. 26:1031–1035, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surgical anatomy of the radial nerve branches to triceps muscle
Authors: Uerpairojkit Chairoj , Ketwongwiriya Sittipong , Leechavengvongs Somsak , Malungpaishrope Kanchai , Witoonchart Kiat , Mekrungcharas Natdhadej , Chareonwat Boonsong , Ongsiriporn Mathee
Published: October 2012

The objectives of the study are to demonstrate the innervation patterns of the triceps muscles and the most suitable branch of the radial nerve for nerve transfer to restore the motor function of the deltoid muscle in patients with complete C5–C6 root injury. Seventy‐nine arms (40 left arms and 39 right arms) from 46 embalmed cadavers (24 male and 22 female) were included in the study. The nerves to the triceps were dissected from the triceps muscles (long head, lateral head, and medial head). The lengths of the branches were measured from the main trunk. The distance from the inferior margin of the teres major muscle to the origin of the nerve to the long head, lateral head, and medial head of the triceps were recorded as well. The first branch was the nerve to the long head of the triceps in 79 arms (100%). The second branch was the nerve to the upper medial head in 30 arms (38%), nerve to the medial head in 8 arms (10.1%), nerve to the upper lateral head in 35 arms (44.3%) and nerve to the lateral head in 6 arms (7.6%). The patterns of branches to the triceps were classified according to our dissections. The nerve to the long head of the triceps was constant as the first branch of the nerve to the triceps branch of the radial nerve in the vicinity of the inferior margin of the teres major muscle. Clin. Anat. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modulation of CXCL‐8 expression in human melanoma cells regulates tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis
Authors: Wu Sheng , Singh Seema , Varney Michelle L. , Kindle Scott , Singh Rakesh K.
Published: October 2012

CXCL‐8, a chemokine secreted by melanoma and stromal cells, serves as a growth and angiogenic factor for melanoma progression. This study evaluated how modulation of CXCL‐8 levels in melanoma cell lines with different tumorigenic and metastatic potentials affected multiple tumor phenotypes. A375P cells (CXCL‐8 low expressor) were stably transfected with a CXCL‐8 mammalian expression vector to overexpress CXCL‐8, whereas A375SM cells (CXCL‐8 high expressor) were transfected with a CXCL‐8 antisense expression vector to suppress CXCL‐8 expression. Subsequent cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and soft‐agar colony formation were analyzed, and in vivo tumor growth and metastasis were evaluated using mouse xenograft models. Our data demonstrate that overexpression of CXCL‐8 significantly enhanced primary tumor growth and lung metastasis, accompanied by increased microvessel density in vivo, as compared with vector control‐transfected cells. We also observed increased clonogenic ability, growth, and invasive potential of CXCL‐8 overexpressing cells in vitro. Knockdown of CXCL‐8 using an antisense vector resulted in increased cell death and reduced tumor growth relative to control. Taken together, these data confirm that CXCL‐8 expression plays a critical role in regulating multiple cellular phenotypes associated with melanoma growth and metastasis.
Inverse correlation of intracellular calcium and cyclic AMP levels in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Sharma Ujjawal , Singh Shrawan Kumar , Rajendra Prasad
Published: October 2012

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal tumour in adults. Altered levels of secondary messengers, that is, intracellular calcium and cyclic AMP (cAMP), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various malignancies. In the present study, we measured levels of intracellular calcium and cAMP in RCC. The intracellular calcium level was significantly reduced, whereas the cAMP level was significantly augmented in RCC as compared with adjacent grossly normal renal parenchyma. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C3i‐Symmetric Octanuclear Cadmium Cages: Double‐Anion‐Templated Synthesis, Formation Mechanism, and Properties
Authors: Sun Jie , Sun Di , Yuan Shuai , Tian Dongxu , Zhang Liangliang , Wang Xingpo , Sun Daofeng
Published: October 2012

A series of C3i‐symmetric bicapped trigonal antiprismatic Cd8 cages [2X@Cd8L6(H2O)6]⋅n Y⋅solvents (X=Cl−, Y=NO3−, n=2: MOCC‐4; X=Br−, Y=NO3−, n=2: MOCC‐5; X=NO3−, Y=NO3−, n=2: MOCC‐6; X=NO3−, Y=BF4−, n=2: MOCC‐7; X=NO3−, Y=ClO4−, n=2: MOCC‐8; X=CO32−, n=0: MOCC‐9), doubly anion templated by different anions, were solvothermally synthesized by means of a flexible ligand. Interestingly, the CO32− template for MOCC‐9 was generated in situ by two‐step decomposition of DMF solvent. For other MOCCs, spherical or trigonal monovalent anions could also play the role of template in their formation. The template abilities of these anions in the formation of the cages were experimentally studied and are discussed for the first time. Anion exchange of MOCC‐8 was carried out and showed anion‐size selectivity. All of the cage‐like compounds emit strong luminescence at room temperature.
Can an Amine Be a Stronger Acid than a Carboxylic Acid? The Surprisingly High Acidity of Amine–Borane Complexes
Authors: Martín‐Sómer Ana , Lamsabhi Al Mokhtar , Yáñez Manuel , Dávalos Juan Z. , González Javier , Ramos Rocío , Guillemin Jean‐Claude
Published: October 2012

The gas‐phase acidity of a series of amine–borane complexes has been investigated through the use of electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), with the application of the extended Cooks kinetic method, and high‐level G4 ab initio calculations. The most significant finding is that typical nitrogen bases, such as aniline, react with BH3to give amine–borane complexes, which, in the gas phase, have acidities as high as those of either phosphoric, oxalic, or salicylic acid; their acidity is higher than many carboxylic acids, such as formic, acetic, and propanoic acid. Indeed the complexation of different amines with BH3leads to a substantial increase (from 167 to 195 kJ mol−1) in the intrinsic acidity of the system; in terms of ionization constants, this increase implies an increase as large as fifteen orders of magnitude. Interestingly, this increase in acidity is almost twice as large as that observed for the corresponding phosphine–borane analogues. The agreement between the experimental and the G4‐based calculated values is excellent. The analysis of the electron‐density rearrangements of the amine and the borane moieties indicates that the dative bond is significantly stronger in theN‐deprotonated anion than in the corresponding neutral amine–borane complex, because the deprotonated amine is a much better electron donor than the neutral amine. On the top of that, the newly created lone pair on the nitrogen atom in the deprotonated species, conjugates with the BN bonding pair. The dispersion of the extra electron density into the BH3group also contributes to the increased stability of the deprotonated species.
ChemInform Abstract: Comparative Study on Luminescent Properties of LiLa2BO5:Eu3+ Phosphors Synthesized with Different Methods.
Authors: Haque Md. Masuqul , Asraf Md. Ali , Hossen Md. Faruk , Hossan Md. Shamim , Kim Dong‐Kuk , Lee Hong‐In
Published: October 2012

The deep‐red emitting title phosphor is synthesized by a sol—gel method and by conventional solid state reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: High Thermoelectric Performance of In, Yb, Ce Multiple Filled CoSb3 Based Skutterudite Compounds.
Authors: Ballikaya Sedat , Uzar Neslihan , Yildirim Saffettin , Salvador James R. , Uher Ctirad
Published: October 2012

The thermoelectric properties of Yb0.2In0.2Co4Sb12, Yb0.2Ce0.15Co4Sb12, Yb0.2Ce0.15In0.2Co4 Sb12, and Yb0.3Ce0.15In0.2Co4 Sb12 (obtained from the elements by melting—annealing followed by spark plasma sintering) are examined by electrical and thermal conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and Hall coefficient measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Physical Properties of the Skutterudites YbxFe2Ni2Sb12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4).
Authors: Kaltzoglou Andreas , Vaqueiro Paz , Knight Kevin S. , Powell Anthony V.
Published: October 2012

The title compounds are synthesized by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (1173 K, 12 h followed by annealing at 873 K for 6 d).
ChemInform Abstract: A High Nuclear Lanthanide‐Containing Polyoxometalate Aggregate Synthesis in Choline Chloride/Urea Eutectic Mixture.
Authors: Liu Lin , Wang Shi‐Ming , Chen Wei‐Lin , Lu Ying , Li Yang‐Guang , Wang En‐Bo
Published: October 2012

The anti‐HIV active compound {[Me3N(CH2)2OH] 2(NH4)12} [Ce4(Mo4)(H2O)16 (Mo7O24) 4]·8H2O is synthesized in a choline chloride/urea eutectic mixture containing (NH4)6Mo7O24 and Ce(NO3)3 (pH 4—5, 20 °C, air, 3 h, 82% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Extended Architectures Built upon 3d‐4f Heterometals‐Containing Silicotungstate Clusters.
Authors: Yao Shuang , Yan Jinghui , Yu Yanchun , Wang Enbo
Published: October 2012

The isotypic compounds (IV) crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/n with Z = 2 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Bis(oxazoline)‐Based Coordination Polymers: A Recoverable System for Enantioselective Henry Reactions.
Authors: Angulo Beatriz , Garcia Jose I. , Herrerias Clara I. , Mayoral Jose A. , Minana Ana C.
Published: October 2012

The combination of Cu(OAc)2 and ditopic ligand TOX is examined as catalyst for the Henry reaction of ortho‐anisaldehyde with nitroalkanes (II) or (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure N‐(tert‐Butylsulfinyl)imines.
Authors: Collados Juan F. , Toledano Estefania , Guijarro David , Yus Miguel
Published: October 2012

Both aldehydes and ketones can be transformed to the corresponding sulfinyl imines.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of Ketones Catalyzed by Complexes Formed from trans‐Diaminocyclohexane‐Based Diamines and Diethylzinc.
Authors: Gajewy Jadwiga , Gawronski Jacek , Kwit Marcin
Published: October 2012

ZnEt2 in combination with chiral acyclic amine or macrocyclic triangle amine ligands derived from trans‐diaminocyclohexane efficiently catalyzes the asymmetric hydrosilylation of aryl ketones (up to 86% e.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: [Cu(dap)2Cl] as an Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven Photoredox Catalyst in Carbon—Carbon Bond‐Forming Reactions.
Authors: Pirtsch Michael , Paria Suva , Matsuno Taisuke , Isobe Hiroyuki , Reiser Oliver
Published: October 2012

Title catalyst is successfully applied in atom‐transfer radical additions of alkyl halides towards olefins and allylation reactions of various nucleophiles, e.g. α‐haloketones and amines.
ChemInform Abstract: An Easy Route Toward Enantio‐Enriched Polycyclic Derivatives via an Asymmetric Domino Conjugate Reduction—Aldol Cyclization Catalyzed by a Chiral Cu(I) Complex.
Authors: Deschamp Julia , Hermant Thomas , Riant Olivier
Published: October 2012

The intramolecular reductive aldol cyclization of diketo esters in the presence of a silane as reducing agent and a copper/chiral diphosphane complex allows the synthesis of manifold bi‐ and tricyclic adducts with high levels of diastereo‐ and enantiocontrol.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dibenzothiophenes and Carbazoles by Sequential “Tetra‐Fold Heck/6π‐Electrocyclization/Dehydrogenation” Reactions of Tetrabromothiophene and Tetrabromo‐N‐methylpyrrole.
Authors: Toguem Serge‐Mitherand Tengho , Knepper Ingo , Ehlers Peter , Dang Tung T. , Patonay Tamas , Langer Peter
Published: October 2012

Dibenzothiophenes (III) and carbazoles (VI) are prepared in two steps: tetra(alkenyl)thiophenes and tetra(alkenyl)pyrroles are formed by Heck coupling of tetrabromothiophene (I) and tetrabromopyrrole (IV) followed by cyclization and dehydrogenation.
ChemInform Abstract: [1,2]‐Wittig Rearrangement of Aromatic Heterocycles.
Authors: Yang Jingyue , Wangweerawong Apiwat , Dudley Gregory B.
Published: October 2012

A variety of secondary and tertiary alcohols (II) is readily prepared by LDA‐mediated [1,2]‐Wittig rearrangement of ethers (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Mediated Addition of α‐Aminoalkyl Radicals Generated from α‐Silylamines to α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Miyake Yoshihiro , Ashida Yuya , Nakajima Kazunari , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki
Published: October 2012

14 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Epoxidation of Multisubstituted Enones Catalyzed by Non‐Heme Iron Catalyst.
Authors: Wang Bin , Wang Shoufeng , Xia Chungu , Sun Wei
Published: October 2012

A novel series of tetradentate N4 ligands is prepared and successfully applied in the Fe‐catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation of a diversity of di‐ and trisubstituted enones.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu—Mn Spinel Oxide Catalyzed Regioselective Halogenation of Phenols and N‐Heteroarenes.
Authors: Singh Parvinder Pal , Thatikonda Thanusha , Kumar K. A. Aravinda , Sawant Sanghapal D. , Singh Baldev , Sharma Amit Kumar , Sharma P. R. , Singh Deepika , Vishwakarma Ram A.
Published: October 2012

In the presence of Cu—Mn spinel oxide B and the appropriate N‐halosuccinimides, both phenols bearing electron‐withdrawing or electron‐donating groups, as well as N‐heteroarenes give monochlorinated or monobrominated products with excellent regioselectivities (74‐90%).
ChemInform Abstract: Friedel—Crafts Acylation with Amides.
Authors: Raja Erum K. , DeSchepper Daniel J. , Lill Sten O. Nilsson , Klumpp Douglas A.
Published: October 2012

In the presence of triflic acid, a series of N‐(p‐nitrophenyl)‐3‐arylpropanamides are transformed into indanone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Aryl Halides with Secondary Alkyl Bromides and Allylic Acetate.
Authors: Wang Shulin , Qian Qun , Gong Hegui
Published: October 2012

Efficient methods for the condensation of aryl halides with secondary alkyl bromides and allylic acetate are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Complex of [BMIm] PF6 with PEG1000: A High Efficient and Recycle System for Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki Cross‐Coupling and Heck Reaction.
Authors: Liu Xiang , Mao Yang , Lu Ming
Published: October 2012

An active and air‐stable approach for ligand‐free Suzuki and Heck coupling reaction is developed by using an inexpensive catalyst under air atmosphere.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Boration of Activated Alkynes. Chiral Boranes via a One‐Pot Copper‐Catalyzed Boration and Reduction Protocol.
Authors: Jung Ho‐Young , Feng Xinhui , Kim Hyohyun , Yun Jaesook
Published: October 2012

Phosphine—copper(I) complexes are shown to catalyze the mono‐boration of electron‐deficient alkynes in the presence of MeOH to give vinylboronates (III) or (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Olefination of Carbonyl Compounds Through Reductive Coupling of Alkenylboronic Acids and Tosylhydrazones.
Authors: Perez‐Aguilar M. Carmen , Valdes Carlos
Published: October 2012

The reaction takes place under very simple conditions without the need of metal catalysts or inert atmosphere and tolerates a variety of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Covalently Bound Benzyl Ligand Promotes Selective Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Esterification of Aldehydes with Alcohols.
Authors: Liu Chao , Tang Shan , Zheng Liwei , Liu Dong , Zhang Heng , Lei Aiwen
Published: October 2012

The Pd‐catalyzed oxidative esterification of a wide range of aromatic (I) and aliphatic aldehydes (IV) with aliphatic and benzylic alcohols (II) and (V) proceeds efficiently using benzyl chloride as oxidant and as C‐bound ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Amide‐Forming Ligation of Acyltrifluoroborates and Hydroxylamines in Water.
Authors: Dumas Aaron M. , Molander Gary A. , Bode Jeffrey W.
Published: October 2012

Acyltrifluoroborates (I), (IV) are extremely reactive acyl donors in the amidation reaction with O‐benzoyl hydroxylamines (II), (VI) and isoxazolidines, e.g. (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Controlled Reversal of Chemoselectivity in Acylation of 2‐Aminopentane‐1,5‐diol Derivatives.
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Shigeta Takashi , Furuta Takumi , Kawabata Takeo
Published: October 2012

The regioselectivity of the acetylation reaction of title diols such as (I) and (VI) depends strongly on the catalyst used.
ChemInform Abstract: Acylation of Primary Polyfluoroalkanethioamides.
Authors: Mykhaylychenko Sergiy S. , Pikun Nadiia V. , Shermolovich Yuriy G.
Published: October 2012

The outcome of title reaction is strongly influenced by the conditions and the nature of the acylation reagent.