bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sir2 is required for the quiescence-specific condensed three-dimensional chromatin structure of rDNA
Authors: Cucinotta Christine , Dell Rachel , Alavattam Kris , Tsukiyama Toshio
Published: December 2024

Quiescence inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeis a reversible G0crucial for long-term survival under nutrient-deprived conditions. During quiescence, the genome is hypoacetylated and chromatin undergoes significant compaction. However, the 3D structure of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) locus in this state is not well understood. Here, we report that the rDNA locus in quiescent cells forms a distinct condensed loop-like structure, different from structures observed during the mitotic cell cycle. Deletion ofSIR2disrupts this structure, causing it to collapse into a small dot and resulting in quiescence entry and exit defects. In contrast, Sir2 affects rDNA structure only modestly in G2/M phase. In the absence of Sir2, occupancy of both RNA Polymerase II and histone H3 increase at the rDNA locus during quiescence and through quiescence exit, further indicating gross defects in chromatin structure. Together, these results uncover a previously undescribed rDNA chromatin structure specific to quiescent cells and underscore the importance of Sir2 in facilitating the transition between cellular states.
Cognitive effort and reward. Functional imaging of time on task and the involvement of dopaminergic and cholinergic substrates
Authors: Orsini Chiara , Bosch Julia E. , Labek Karin , Viviani Roberto
Published: December 2024

Neuroimaging studies have identified the neural substrates associated with sustained cognitive efforts and control and their modulation by rewards. Different lines of evidence implicate the prefrontal cortex (especially the anterior cingulum, ACC), dopaminergic, and cholinergic substrates in this modulation. We studied here the activity of these substrates at increasing time on task (providing increasing levels of cognitive effort) in trial blocks with differing reward levels. In the cortex, while peaking in the ACC, activity associated with time on task was extensive, also including activity decrements outside the default mode network, primarily involving motor and somatosensory regions. Information about reward levels was carried in the ventral striatum, consistent with its motivational role, but did not reflect trade-offs with increasing efforts during time on task. Instead, the ventral tegmental area and parts of the basal forebrain (BF) corresponding to the cholinergic Ch4 nuclei increased in activity with time on task and were sensitive to reward levels. This BF activity is consistent with a cholinergic role in driving compensatory efforts modulated by reward levels. These findings identify the BF as a neuroimaging phenotype associated with sustaining task sets and cognitive efforts.
The multimerization pathway of the glucocorticoid receptor
Authors: Alegre-Martí Andrea , Jiménez-Panizo Alba , Lafuente Agustina L. , Johnson Thomas A. , Montoya-Novoa Inés , Abella Montserrat , Pérez Paloma , Fernández-Recio Juan , Presman Diego M. , Hager Gordon L. , Fuentes-Prior Pablo , Estébanez-Perpiñá Eva
Published: December 2024

The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a leading drug target due to its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive roles. The functional oligomeric conformation of full-length GR (FL-GR), which is key for its biological activity, remains disputed. Here we present a new crystal structure of agonist-bound GR ligand-binding domain (GR-LBD) comprising eight copies of a non-canonical dimer. The biological relevance of this dimer for receptor multimerization in living cells has been verified by studying single-and double-point mutants of FL-GR in fluorescence microscopy (Number & Brightness) and transcriptomic analysis. Self-association of this GR-LBD basic dimer in two mutually exclusive assemblies reveals clues for FL-GR multimerization and activity in cells. We propose a model for the structure of multidomain GR based on our new data and suggest a detailed oligomerization pathway. This model reconciles all currently available structural and functional information and provides a more comprehensive understanding of the rare glucocorticoid resistance disorder (Chrousos syndrome).
Ultrastable and Versatile FoxP3 Ensembles on Microsatellites
Authors: Leng Fangwei , Merino Raquel , Wang Xi , Zhang Wenxiang , Ha Taekjip , Hur Sun
Published: December 2024

Microsatellites are essential genomic components increasingly linked to transcriptional regulation. FoxP3, a transcription factor critical for regulatory T cell (Treg) development, recognizes TTTG repeat microsatellites by forming multimers along DNA. However, FoxP3 also binds a broader range of TnG repeats (n=2-5), often at the edges of accessible chromatin regions. This raises questions about how FoxP3 adapts to sequence variability and the potential role of nucleosomes. Using cryo-electron microscopy and single-molecule analyses, we show that FoxP3 assembles into distinct supramolecular structures depending on DNA sequence. This structural plasticity enables FoxP3 to bridge 2-4 DNA duplexes, forming ultrastable structures that coordinate multiple genomic loci. Nucleosomes further facilitate FoxP3 assembly by inducing local DNA bending, creating a nucleus that recruits distal DNA elements through multiway bridging. Our findings thus reveal FoxP3’s unusual ability to shapeshift to accommodate evolutionarily dynamic microsatellites and its potential to reinforce chromatin boundaries and three-dimensional genomic architecture.
Integrative Omics reveals genetic basis and TaMYB7-A1’s function in wheat WUE and drought resilience
Authors: Zhou Yuxin , Wang Hao , Qiao Yunzhou , Zhao Peng , Cao Yuan , Liu Xuemei , Yang Yiman , Lin Xuelei , Xu Shengbao , Dong Baodi , Wang Dongzhi , Xiao Jun
Published: December 2024

Improving water use efficiency (WUE) and drought resistance in wheat is critical for ensuring global food security under changing climate conditions. Here, we integrated multi-omic data, including population-scale phenotyping, transcriptomics, and genomics, to dissect the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying WUE and drought resilience in wheat. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revealed 8,135 SNPs associated with WUE-related traits, identifying 258 conditional and non-conditional QTLs, many of which co-localized with known drought-resistance genes. Pan-transcriptome analysis uncovered tissue-specific expression patterns, core and unique gene functions, and dynamic sub-genomic biases in response to drought. eQTL mapping pinpointed 146,966 regulatory loci, including condition-specific hotspots enriched for genes involved in water regulation, osmoregulation, and photosynthesis. Integration of Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), Summary-data-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR) and GWAS, eQTLs identified 207 candidate causal genes as key regulators for WUE-related traits in wheat, such as TaMYB7-A1. Functional analyses found that TaMYB7-A1 enhances drought tolerance by promoting root growth, reducing oxidative stress, and improving osmotic regulation, enabling better water access and survival under stress. It also increases photosynthesis efficiency and WUE, boosting yield under drought without compromising performance in well-watered conditions, making it ideal target for breeding. Our findings provide a comprehensive omic framework for understanding the genetic architecture of WUE and drought resistance, offering valuable targets for breeding resilient wheat varieties.
Identification of the
G(3900)
Structure as the
P
-Wave
DD¯*/D¯D*
Resonance
Authors: Lin Zi-Yang , Wang Jun-Zhang , Cheng Jian-Bo , Meng Lu , Zhu Shi-Lin
Published: December 2024

The BESIII Collaboration recently performed a precise measurement of the e+e−→DD¯ Born cross sections, and confirmed the G(3900) structure reported by and Belle with high significance. We identify the G(3900) as the first P-wave

D

D

¯

*

/

D

¯

D

*

molecular resonance. The experimental and theoretical identification of the P-wave dimeson state holds paramount importance in enhancing our comprehension of the nonperturbative QCD and few-body physics. Its existence is firmly established in a unified meson-exchange model that simultaneously depicts the features of the χc1(3872), Zc(3900), and Tcc(3875). This scenario can be directly examined in the e+e−→DD¯*/D¯D* cross section by seeing whether a resonance exists at the threshold. The credibility of the investigations is also ensured by the fact that the P-wave interaction dominantly arises from the well-known long-range pion exchange. Additionally, thanks to the centrifugal barrier, it is easier to form resonances in P-wave than in S-wave. We extensively calculate all systems up to P-wave with various quantum numbers and predict a dense population of the DD¯*/D¯D* and DD* states, where the S-wave DD¯*/D¯D* state with IG(JPC)=0−(1+−), P-wave DD¯*/D¯D* state with IG(JPC)=0+(0−+), and P-wave DD* state with I(JP)=0(0−) are more likely to be observed in experiments.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Transverse Momentum Distributions from Lattice QCD without Wilson Lines
Authors: Zhao Yong
Published: December 2024

The transverse-momentum-dependent distributions (TMDs), which are defined by gauge-invariant 3D parton correlators with staple-shaped lightlike Wilson lines, can be calculated from quark and gluon correlators fixed in the Coulomb gauge on a Euclidean lattice. These quantities can be expressed gauge invariantly as the correlators of Coulomb-gauge-dressed fields, which reduce to the standard TMD correlators under principal-value prescription in the infinite boost limit. In the framework of large-momentum effective theory, a quasi-TMD defined from such correlators in a large-momentum hadron state can be matched to the TMD via a factorization formula, whose exact form is derived using soft collinear effective theory and verified at one-loop order. Compared to the currently used gauge-invariant correlators, this new method can substantially improve statistical precision and simplify renormalization for the time-reversal-even TMDs, which will greatly enhance the predicative power of lattice QCD in the nonperturbative region.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Interaction Renormalization and Validity of Kinetic Equations for Turbulent States
Authors: Rosenhaus Vladimir , Falkovich Gregory
Published: December 2024

We consider turbulence of waves interacting weakly via four-wave scattering (sea waves, plasma waves, spin waves, etc.). In the first order in the interaction, a closed kinetic equation has stationary solutions describing turbulent cascades. We show that the higher-order terms generally diverge both at small (IR) and large (UV) wave numbers for direct cascades. The analysis up to the third order identifies the most UV-divergent terms. To gain qualitative analytic control, we sum a subset of the most UV divergent terms, to all orders, giving a perturbation theory free from UV divergence, showing that turbulence becomes independent of the dissipation scale when it goes to zero. On the contrary, the IR divergence (present in the majority of cases) makes the effective coupling parametrically larger than the naive estimate and growing with the pumping scale L (similar to anomalous scaling in fluid turbulence). In such cases, the kinetic equation does not describe wave turbulence even of arbitrarily small level at a given k if kL is large enough that is the cascade is sufficiently long. We show that the character of strong turbulence is determined by whether the effective four-wave interaction is enhanced or suppressed by collective effects. The enhancement possibly signals that strong turbulence is dominated by multiwave bound states (solitons, shocks, cusps), similar to confinement in quantum chromodynamics.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Economic complexity in Africa: the role of Chinese FDI and trade
Authors: Ajide Folorunsho M. , Osinubi Tolulope T. , Oladipupo Sodiq Abiodun , Soyode Esther Omolade
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the effect of Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade on economic complexity in Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

Panel data from 34 African countries between 2003 and 2022 are used. This study analyzes the data using a two-stage least square proposed by Lewbel (2012) and Driscoll and Kraay (1998) estimator based on robust standard errors and panel quantile regression via moments proposed by Machado and Silva (2019).

Findings

The results show that Chinese FDI and trade effectively upgrade economic complexity in Africa. Also, there is an inverted-U-shaped relationship between Chinese trade and economic complexity, thus revealing evidence of the trade Laffer curve.

Originality/value

Despite the intense debate on the Chinese-African economic relationship, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no known study has examined the implications of Chinese FDI and trade on economic complexity in Africa. Therefore, this study fills this lacuna found in the literature and suggests that Chinese FDI and trade are veritable tools for technology diffusion and innovation, which are capable of upgrading economic complexity in Africa. However, the Chinese-African trade relationship should be complemented with sound trade policies for the sustainability of the beneficial effect of Chinese trade on economic complexity in Africa.
Vertical or horizontal? The interaction between frame orientation formats and visual content in tourism short videos
Authors: Li Yong-Quan , Ji Jia-Cheng , Ruan Wen-Qi , Wang Mei-Yu , Zhang Shu-Ning
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate how the frame orientation format and visual content of tourism short videos interact to influence tourists’ travel intention.

Design/methodology/approach

Two scenario-based experiments were designed and conducted through Credamo. The researchers enrolled 187 participants for Study 1 using convenience sampling, measuring the impact of video frame orientation and visual content on travel intention by conducting a two-factor analysis of covariance. Study 2 retested the interaction effect using 237 sample data and conducted bootstrapping to examine the serially mediating effect of imagery fluency and travel inspiration.

Findings

Frame orientation formats and visual content interactively affect the video audience’s travel intention: For site-centric tourism short videos, the horizontal frame orientation format can help inspire audiences’ travel intention; However, for activity-centric tourism short videos, the vertical frame orientation format is more suitable. Imagery fluency and travel inspiration have serially mediated effects in the above interactions.

Practical implications

Destination marketers can use a combination of vertical format and activity-centric content (or horizontal format and site-centric content) to ensure the marketing effectiveness of short videos.

Originality/value

This study explores how frame orientation and visual content interact to influence video audiences’ travel intention. The findings challenge the traditional understanding of frame orientation selection in short videos, provide a meaningful extension of construal-level theory and contribute to the research on visual effects in short tourism videos.
Comorbid diseases in bullous pemphigoid: A population‐based case–control study
Authors: Kim Bo Ri , Lee Kun Hee , Paik Kyungho , Kim Minjae , Bae Jung Min , Choi Chong Won , Youn Sang Woong
Published: December 2024

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most prevalent autoimmune blistering disorder, triggered by autoantibodies targeting hemidesmosome components. It is associated with substantial morbidity and increased mortality. No studies comprehensively evaluate all comorbidities before and after diagnosing patients with BP. We aimed to investigate all BP‐associated comorbid diseases and their patterns of associations. This nationwide population‐based study included 5066 patients with BP and 10 132 controls between 2011 and 2021. We performed an automated mass screening of 546 diagnostic codes to identify BP‐associated comorbidities 5 years before and after BP diagnosis, and analyzed associations patterns of comorbidities. Patients with BP had increased odds of having pressure ulcers, intracerebral hemorrhage, scabies, neuropsychiatric disorders, psoriasis, drug eruption, and acute renal failure before BP diagnosis. After BP diagnosis, they had increased odds pneumonia, sepsis, chronic renal disease, and cardiac arrest. Strong interrelationships were observed between five neuropsychiatric conditions before BP diagnosis and a strong bidirectional association between Alzheimer's dementia and pneumonia after BP diagnosis. This large case–control study of patients with BP thoroughly identified all relevant comorbidities before and after BP diagnosis, highlighting their clinical significance as predisposing and prognostic factors in patients with BP.
Introduction of the Broset Violence Checklist in the emergency department: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mitra Biswadev , Settle Kate , Koolstra Christine , Talarico Carly , Smit De Villiers , Cameron Peter A
Published: December 2024

Objective

The Broset Violence Checklist (BVC) can stratify the risk of violence and aggression in EDs. The aim of the present study was to report the initial uptake of introducing this checklist and associations with unplanned alerts to potential or actual violence in two EDs.

Methods

The BVC was recommended in all patient care episodes. This retrospective review included routinely collected data from an adult tertiary referral hospital and a suburban mixed paediatric and adult ED over a 12‐month period. The primary outcome variable was completion of at least one BVC score and the secondary outcome was unplanned alerts to potential or actual violence episodes within the EDs.

Results

There were 121 330 presentations, of which 108 274 were included in the present study. The BVC was completed for 42 675 (39.4%) presentations. Using a cut‐off score of 3, BVC had a specificity of 99.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 99.1–99.2) and a sensitivity of 15.6% (95% CI 12.5–19.3) for unplanned alerts to potential or actual violence events. Completion of a BVC was independently associated with more unplanned alerts to potential or actual violence events (adjusted odds ratio 1.37; 95% CI 1.12–1.66).

Conclusions

The BVC was highly specific for violence and aggression but had low sensitivity. Completion of the BVC was associated with more frequent unplanned alerts to potential or actual violence events, suggesting that high‐risk patients might be identified intuitively, without formal scoring. Further exploration of the utility of the BVC in the ED is indicated with a focus on strategies to prevent violence and aggression.
Organellar quality control crosstalk in aging‐related disease: Innovation to pave the way
Authors: Li Yu , Qi Jinxin , Guo Linhong , Jiang Xian , He Gu
Published: December 2024

Organellar homeostasis and crosstalks within a cell have emerged as essential regulatory and determining factors for the survival and functions of cells. In response to various stimuli, cells can activate the organellar quality control systems (QCS) to maintain homeostasis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that dysfunction of QCS can lead to various aging‐related diseases such as neurodegenerative, pulmonary, cardiometabolic diseases and cancers. However, the interplay between QCS and their potential role in these diseases are poorly understood. In this review, we present an overview of the current findings of QCS and their crosstalk, encompassing mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, peroxisomes, lipid droplets, and lysosomes as well as the aberrant interplays among these organelles that contributes to the onset and progression of aging‐related disorders. Furthermore, potential therapeutic approaches based on these quality control interactions are discussed. Our perspectives can enhance insights into the regulatory networks underlying QCS and the pathology of aging and aging‐related diseases, which may pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic targets.
The Effect of Using Perioperative Platelet‐Rich Plasma on Wound Healing Rate and Prevention of Salivary Fistula Formation in Patients Undergoing Partial Parotidectomy
Authors: Kul Selim , Toros Sema Zer , Becerik Çağrı , Şeneldir Lütfü , Aksaray Sebahat
Published: December 2024

Objectives

This study aims to examine the effects of autologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), which increases new connective tissue synthesis and revascularisation, on healing in parotid surgery wounds, prevention of salivary fistula formation, drain removal time and hospitalisation in the postoperative period.

Materials and Methods

Fifty‐four patients who had an operation on partial parotidectomy were randomised, and then two groups were created. PRP was obtained by centrifuging the blood taken from the patients in the study group at the end of the surgery. This obtained PRP was injected into the surgical site, and then the wound flap was closed by suturing. Patients were evaluated for parameters such as the development of salivary fistula, duration of drain removal, discharge time and all other complications during the postoperative 4 weeks.

Results

Drain removal and discharge times of the PRP group cases were statistically shorter than those in the control group. The rate of development of a salivary fistula was remarkably high in the control group, but it was not statistically significant. A statistically significant correlation was found between the location of the compared tumour, the volume of material removed and the incidence of all complications.

Conclusions

PRP reduced the duration of drain removal and discharge times for those who had an operation on partial parotidectomy. Thus, the decreased discharge time provides both reduced health costs and reduced risk of developing nosocomial infections. Although it was not statistically significant, a significant difference was observed in the rates of salivary fistula development.
Is there a link between per capita alcohol consumption and cancer mortality?
Authors: Dadgar Iman , Norström Thor , Ramstedt Mats
Published: December 2024

Introduction

A growing body of evidence has established alcohol consumption as a causative factor in an increasing array of cancer types, thereby positioning it as a leading global risk factor for cancer. Surprisingly, there is a scarcity of studies examining the extent to which shifts in population drinking affect cancer mortality, despite the substantial public health implications. This paper aims to: (i) estimate the impact of changes in per capita alcohol consumption on both overall cancer mortality rates and specific types of alcohol‐related cancer; and (ii) assess whether the association between cancer and population alcohol consumption is influenced by a country's drinking patterns.

Methods

We used time‐series data for 19 high‐income countries spanning the period 1960–2018. Cigarette sales and GDP per capita were included as control variables. The data were analysed using first‐difference modelling. The World Health Organization drinking patterns score was used to evaluate a country's drinking pattern.

Results

Our findings revealed that a 1 L per capita increase in alcohol consumption was associated with a 0.9% rise in total cancer mortality among women and a 1.1% increase among men. Notably, among men, the association was more pronounced for cancers with strong evidence of alcohol's effect and for prostate cancer. For women, the alcohol effect was statistically significant for breast cancer. Generally, the estimated alcohol effects were elevated in the country group with more harmful drinking patterns.

Discussion and Conclusions

Our results indicate that lowering per capita alcohol consumption is likely to reduce cancer mortality.
Community Analysis Reveals Biogeographical Patterns and Biodiversity Shortfalls in Antarctic Tardigrades
Authors: Vecchi Matteo , Brandoli Sara , Trokhymets Vladlen Mykolayovych
Published: December 2024

Aim

Tardigrades are important members of Antarctic metazoan communities with many endemic species. Major biogeographic patterns of Antarctic fauna have been identified, in particular regarding the zonation across the Gressitt line, dividing Continental and Peninsular Antarctica. Evidences suggest that Antarctic tardigrades follow this zonation too, but this has never been rigorously tested.

Location

Limnoterrestrial ecosystems of Antarctica.

Time Period

1950 to Present.

Major Taxa Studied

Tardigrades.

Methods

Records of tardigrades from Antarctica were collected and their taxonomy and coordinates harmonised. Alpha and Beta diversity measures were calculated and compared across different Antarctica biogeographic areas, in particular across the Gressitt line. Analyses were repeated at different spatial scales to ensure their robustness.

Results

Tardigrades communities are different both in terms of alpha and beta diversity across the Gressitt line. Results were consistent across the analyses at different spatial scales. Taxa richness was higher in the Antarctic Peninsula compared to the Continental Antarctica. Sampling effort had a substantial effect on the measured richness. Despite having a significant effect, Gressitt line side and biogeographic areas explained a low amount of variance.

Main Conclusions

The presence of a different Tardigrade communities composition across the Gressitt line is supported, and a geographical structure is present also at smaller scales. This geographic structuring suggests local endemisms and calls for attention to eventual effects of climate change on tardigrades communities. Faunistic data on Antarctica is still far from being exhaustive and Linnean and Wallacean biodiversity shortfalls are the two most immediate issues to be solved to have a more reliable estimation of the true Antarctic tardigrades biodiversity.
miR‐130a‐3p enhances autophagy through the YY1/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to regulate macrophage polarization and alleviate diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Xi Xiaoting , Wang Xuewei , Ma Jia , Chen Qianbo , Zhang Yuxin , Song Yaxian , Li Yan
Published: December 2024

Aims/Introduction

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes that can lead to poor vision and blindness. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of action of miR‐130a‐3p in DR progression.

Materials and Methods

In this study, we administered a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) to construct a DR mouse model, and induced a human monocyte cell line (THP‐1) to differentiate into M0 macrophages, after which the M0 macrophages were cultured with 30 mM high glucose (HG) as a model of inflammation. The relative gene and protein levels were validated by RT–qPCR and western blotting. Macrophage polarization and retinal damage in the mice were tested using ELISA, MDC staining, immunofluorescence staining, and HE staining.

Results

The results revealed that the expression of miR‐130a‐3p was low in M1 macrophages, whereas the expression of miR‐130a‐3p was high in M2 macrophages, and the level of miR‐130a‐3p was reduced after HG treatment of macrophages. The overexpression of miR‐130a‐3p attenuated HG‐ or STZ‐induced inflammation, promoted macrophage autophagy, inhibited M1 polarization of macrophages, and attenuated the progression of DR. In addition, YY1 was the downstream target gene of miR‐130a‐3p, and overexpression of miR‐130a‐3p inhibited YY1 expression. However, overexpression of YY1 weakened the effect of miR‐130a‐3p mimic. After further treatment with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activator 740 Y‐P, the effect of YY1 knockdown was weakened, macrophage autophagy was inhibited, and M1 polarization and inflammation were promoted.

Conclusion

miR‐130a‐3p inhibited the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by downregulating YY1 expression, thus facilitating macrophage autophagy, inhibiting M1 polarization and the inflammatory response of macrophages, and finally attenuating the progression of DR. The results of this study provide theoretical support for the use of miR‐130a‐3p as a new target for the treatment of DR.
Rehabilitation of the Worn Dentition With Direct and Indirect Minimally Invasive Concepts—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Chantler Jennifer G. M. , Pirc Miha , Strauss Franz J. , Rohr Nadja , Thoma Daniel S. , Ioannidis Alexis
Published: December 2024

Objective

To report and compare the survival of minimally invasive direct and indirect restorations of different materials for restoring the worn dentition.

Material and Methods

A systematic search was conducted in six databases: MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, CENTRAL, VHL, and EMBASE. The eligibility criteria of this systematic review used the PICO framework to address the following research question: “In dentate patients with a worn dentition (P), does rehabilitating their lost tooth structure with indirect restorations (I) or direct (C) effect the survival and success of treatment (O)?”. Study characteristics, survival rates of the restorations were extracted from each article. No language restrictions were applied. Survival and prevalence estimates were calculated using random‐effect models.

Results

The electronic search yielded 5009 entries, resulting in 14 publications selected for full‐text analysis. These included 2 RCTs, 7 prospective, and 5 retrospective studies, with a varying level of methodological quality. This included 52% direct and 48% indirect restorations, using varying materials and follow‐up periods. The survival of direct composite resin restorations versus indirect manually processed composite resin restorations showed no significant difference (n = 2; OR, 1.79 [95% CI, 0.64–5.05]; p = 0.270). For the prospective articles, the pooled prevalence estimates of the survival restorations were; direct (n = 3; 99% [95% CI, 0.97–1.00]) and; indirect (n = 5; 100% [95% CI, 0.99–1.00]). Lithium disilicate recorded the least amount of failures at 1.8%.

Conclusions

Although the survival estimates of indirect manually processed and direct composite resins were not significantly different, indirect restorations—especially those made of lithium disilicate ceramic—may offer better survival rates, compared to direct resin restorations in patients with worn dentition.

Clinical Significance

Despite the limited evidence, indirect ceramic restorations appear to be well‐suited for long‐term treatment of worn dentition, whilst direct composite resin restorations are more suited as an medium‐term solution.
First Report of ‘Soft Flesh’ Induced by the Parasite Kudoa thyrsites (Myxosporea) in Commercial Codfish From Norway
Authors: Giulietti Lucilla , Levsen Arne , Bao Miguel , Karlsbakk Egil , Storesund Julia E. , Tung Hui‐Shan , Cipriani Paolo
Published: December 2024

Kudoa thyrsites is a myxosporean parasite that infects the skeletal muscle of various teleost fish species globally. Severe infections lead to ‘soft flesh’ in fish fillets, resulting in food spoilage and subsequent discard. While K. thyrsites has previously been identified in migratory Atlantic mackerel in the northern Northeast Atlantic Ocean, it has not been observed in resident or farmed fish species in Norwegian waters until now. This study presents the first evidence of K. thyrsites infection and the associated ‘soft flesh’ condition in resident commercially important gadoid species from Norwegian waters, including Norwegian coastal cod (NCC), Northeast Arctic cod (NEA) and tusk. Molecular analyses confirmed the parasitic infection in ‘soft flesh’‐affected fish sampled from multiple coastal locations in Norway. The life cycle of Kudoa remains unknown but likely involves an alternating annelid host as in other myxosporeans. These findings in resident hosts suggest that the parasite completes its life cycle also at higher latitudes, in northern Norway. Consequently, there is a risk for the Norwegian fishing industry, as the effect of the parasite on fish fillet texture can occasionally occur and impact both consumer acceptance and industry revenues.
Intraspecific Variation in Reproductive Aspects of Female Soldier Crabs, Mictyris guinotae, Between the River Mouth and Upper Reach Habitats
Authors: Jinno Masaki , Doi Wataru , Mizutani Akira , Kohno Hiroyoshi
Published: December 2024

The soldier crab, Mictyris guinotae, is a dominant intertidal crustacean associated with sand flats in the vicinity of the Urauchi River estuary on Iriomote Island, Japan. We compared various aspects of its reproductive biology at two sites (the river mouth and upper reach) on exposed bare sand flats 300 m and 3000 m upstream from the mouth. Bimonthly sampling was conducted between November 2010 and April 2011. The abundance of female crabs was higher at the mouth of the river. Female individuals had significantly larger body sizes (approximately 1.5 times larger carapace length) in the upper reaches. Despite the low presence of ovigerous females in the upper reach site, their larger body size led to the release of a substantial number of larvae per individual, although fewer larvae were produced per day than by females at the river mouth. The breeding period, as inferred from the occurrence of ovigerous females, persisted from December to March. At the upper reach site, the duration was slightly shorter, with an earlier peak. Variations in larval release timing may compensate for fluctuations in recruitment success.
TmCOP1‐TmHY5 module‐mediated blue light signal promotes chicoric acid biosynthesis in Taraxacum mongolicum
Authors: Liu Qun , Wu Zhiqing , Qi Xiwu , Fang Hailing , Yu Xu , Li Li , Chen Zequn , Wu Jie , Gao Yugang , Kai Guoyin , Liang Chengyuan
Published: December 2024

Chicoric acid, a phenolic compound derived from plants, exhibits a range of pharmacological activities. Light significantly influences the chicoric acid biosynthesis in Taraxacum mongolicum; however, the transcriptional regulatory network governing this process remains unclear. A combined analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome revealed that blue light markedly enhances chicoric acid accumulation compared to red light. The blue light‐sensitive transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) is closely associated with multiple core proteins, transcription factors and chicoric acid synthase genes involved in light signalling. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that TmHY5 directly regulates several chicoric acid biosynthetic genes, including TmPAL3, Tm4CL1 and TmHQT2. Additionally, TmHY5 promotes the accumulation of luteolin and anthocyanins by increasing the expression of TmCHS2 and TmANS2. The E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) forms a protein complex with TmHY5, significantly inhibiting chicoric acid biosynthesis. Blue light inhibits TmCOP1‐TmHY5 complex protein formation while enhancing the expression levels of TmCOP1 through TmHY5. Furthermore, TmHY5 elevates the expression levels of TmbZIP1, which indirectly activates Tm4CL1 expression. In vivo, TmCOP1 directly inhibits the expression of the TmHY5‐Tm4CL1 complex. Therefore, we speculate that TmCOP1‐TmHY5‐mediated blue light signalling effectively activates chicoric acid biosynthesis, providing a foundation for the application of blue light supplementation technology in industrial production.
MdLRR‐RLK1‐MdATG3 module enhances the resistance of apples to abiotic stress via autophagy
Authors: Chen Wenjun , Guo Wei , Zhang Chao , Zhao Yi , Lei Yingying , Chen Cui , Wei Ziwen , Dai Hongyan
Published: December 2024

Apple is an important economic species affected by abiotic stress, such as salt and drought. LRR‐RLKs play a key role in plant responses to stress, although their physiological functions under abiotic stress are not yet fully understood. Autophagy is a highly conserved process in eukaryotes, which plays a vital role in drought and salt stress responses. In this study, overexpression of MdLRR‐RLK1 in apple promoted plant growth and development and increased salt and drought stress tolerance. MdLRR‐RLK1 interacts with MdATG3 in vivo and in vitro, and MdATG3 ubiquitinates and degrades MdLRR‐RLK1. Intriguingly, MdLRR‐RLK1 and MdATG3 enhance salt and drought tolerance through increasing autophagy. Moreover, MdATG3 interacts with MdATG8F and MdATG8I‐like in apple. These findings reveal the interaction between MdLRR‐RLK1 and MdATG3, suggesting mechanisms that regulate apple growth and resistance to abiotic stress.
La regla de interpretación ‘contra stipulatorem’. Repercusión de las estipulaciones ambiguas, oscuras y dudosas en el contrato de seguro
Authors: Jaramillo J. Carlos Ignacio
Published: December 2024

A tono con el deseo de examinar uno de los temas que, en nuestro entender, revisten mayor actualidad, pertinencia y valía, y que sin hesitación encarna uno de esos ‘grandes temas del seguro contemporáneo’ -y del contrato, en general-, nos anima el deseo de ocuparnos de la temática concerniente a la interpretación del contrato de seguro. Y, en particular, referida a una de las más empleadas reglas en la contemporaneidad, no exenta de estimulante controversia en cuanto a su ubicación, naturaleza, aplicación, requisitos, modus operandi y límites, no siempre, empero, cabalmente observados.
 
Nos referimos, en efecto, al significado de la regla, canon, directriz o pauta hermenéutica, conocida de diversas maneras, pero en especial como regla contra stipulatorem (contra el que estipula), contra proferentem (contra el que predispone), in dubio pro consumatore o pro consumatoris  (la duda en favor del consumidor), y en lo individual y más específico, in dubio pro asegurado (la duda en favor del asegurado), sin soslayar otras denominaciones, algo más generales y abarcadoras: regla o ‘principio’ pro consumatore, y pro asegurado, todas enlazadas por elementos comunes y vertebrales que, con la venia del lector, nos proponemos seguidamente auscultar.
Para dicho propósito, por traducirse en un aspecto neurálgico de la anunciada temática, igualmente analizaremos la repercusión -o las secuelas- de las estipulaciones ambiguas, oscuras y dudosas en el ámbito del contrato de seguro, paradigmático en la esfera dogmática y en la judicial.
Comprehensive Life Cycle Analysis of Diverse Hydrogen Production Routes and Application on a Hydrogen Engine
Authors: Accardo Antonella , Gentilucci Gaia , Spessa Ezio
Published: December 2024

In the effort of achieving net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, hydrogen is becoming increasingly relevant in several sectors such as automotive, cogeneration, maritime, off-road, and railroad. However, hydrogen can be produced from different routes involving different production processes and feedstocks. Contrarily to the key role of hydrogen in the transport sector's decarbonization, publications that claim to address the environmental impacts of hydrogen are often focused on global warming potential (GWP). This paper focuses on the environmental impacts of hydrogen production considering different production routes (i.e., steam methane reforming (SMR), SMR with carbon capture and storage (CCS), coal gasification (CG), CG with CCS, and electrolysis from fossil fuels and from renewables) and a broad set of environmental indicators. The life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is applied in the present study with a twofold aim. The first aim is to develop the LCA models of diverse hydrogen production routes and address present and potential well-to-tank (WTT) impacts. The second aim is to apply the previous findings to develop a cradle-to-grave LCA of a hydrogen engine, serving as a case study for the automotive sector. The LCA models are developed using simapro v.9.4.0.3 as LCA software and ecoinvent v3.8 as background database. The functional units are 1 kg of hydrogen for the cradle-to-gate boundary and 1 mile of vehicle lifetime for the cradle-to-grave boundary. The traci 2.1 method developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is used.
On the Use of Tension Transition Zones for Kinematic and Compliance Performance Analysis of Wire-Actuated Continuum Robots
Authors: Shihora Neel , Lawson Jared , Moubarak Paul , Reese Maximilian , Wang Long , Simaan Nabil
Published: December 2024

Wire-actuated/tendon-actuated mechanisms suffer from discontinuity in their performance measures stemming from the limitation of unilateral actuation due to tendon actuation (pull-only actuation). Using traditional Jacobian-based performance measures ignores these limitations and can underestimate the expected position/orientation (pose) uncertainty for a given design. In this paper, we put forth the notion of wire-tension transition zones, and we illustrate how these tension transition zones can be used to modify the definition of the traditional Jacobian when calculating the expected robot performance in terms of dexterity, end-effector pose uncertainty and compliance. We use wire-actuated continuum robots as an illustrative robot architecture. We compare the expected performance of three-wire versus four-wire designs while considering somewhat realistic design parameters drawn from surgical robotics as an application domain. The results of our simulation studies emphasize the importance of carefully using the reduced Jacobin with tension transition zones to capture the performance measure discontinuities due to wires/tendons going slack. Furthermore, the results show that the traditional approach underestimates the uncertainty in the position of the end-effector by as much as 50% (effects of joint-level uncertainty) and 206% (compliance performance analysis) in the case of a three-wire design alternative. We believe that this contribution supports medical robotic system designers in architecture selection and comparative design performance analysis while avoiding unpleasant surprises that would otherwise be encountered if traditional performance measures were used.
Roughness Effects on Dense-Gas Turbine Flow: Comparison of Experiments and Simulations
Authors: Gloerfelt Xavier , Hake Leander , Bienner Aurélien , Matar Camille , Cinnella Paola , aus der Wiesche Stefan
Published: December 2024

This article presents a combined numerical and experimental study of the high-subsonic organic vapor flow in a linear turbine cascade. The profile geometry is the well-documented LS59 highly loaded rotor blade and the working fluid is Novec649, a dense gas used in organic Rankine cycles. Large eddy simulations are carried out with and without the roughness introduced by the additive manufacturing process. The results for the rough blade are in fair agreement with experiments, while the smooth surface induces a change in the vortex shedding regime. A detached shedding, characterized by a long recirculation downstream of the trailing edge and a base pressure plateau, is obtained in the experiments and by discretizing the roughness in the simulation. By contrast, a transonic vortex shedding is established when the surface is smooth: intense vortices roll up immediately after the trailing edge, yielding a short bubble and a lattice of shock waves. A strong pressure drop is observed at the trailing edge, resulting in high profile losses. In both cases, the boundary layer is turbulent ahead of the separation, but its thickness is significantly greater in the rough configuration, which may be the reason for the change of regime.
An Oversized Pipeline: a Potential Solution for Seamlessly Integrating Intermittent Green Hydrogen Production and Low Carbon Fuel Synthesis
Authors: Dinata Randy , Li Guohua , Prewitt Thomas Joseph , Flechas Tatiana , Finneran Shane
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the challenges and solutions associated with integrating intermittent electrolytic hydrogen production from variable electricity sources, such as wind and solar farms, into chemical processes requiring steady hydrogen feedstock (e.g., ammonia synthesis process). Focusing on a hypothetical scenario closely resembling actual project requirements in the industry, the study evaluates three design options for hydrogen storage and transportation. Design Option 1 utilizes oversized pipelines, leveraging pipeline packing/unpacking mechanism, while Design Option 2 involves on-site storage of hydrogen in pressurized storage tubes co-located with the electrolyzer plant. Design Option 3 incorporates a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). This study shows that the use of both Design Option 1 and 2 can be both technically and economically feasible. In Design Option 1, the cyclical nature of pipeline pressure and its impacts on pipeline integrity in hydrogen environment must be assessed, which vary based on project-specific requirements such as hydrogen production trend, supply rate, and pipeline size. In Design Option 2 the process risks concerns related to the number of storage tubes and connections required must be evaluated, including the potential radius of impact in the event of failures leading to uncontrolled releases of hydrogen gas. Design Option 3, on the other hand, would incur a substantially higher project cost compared to the other two aforementioned options and hence was not evaluated further.
Performance and Suitability of Design-Phase Bedrock Excavatability Assessment in Pipeline Construction
Authors: Toussaint Luc , Ghazali Rami , Baumgard Alex
Published: December 2024

Excavations can be readily advanced in most soils by digging while bedrock often requires ripping, hydraulic hammering, or blasting. Excavation effort, or excavatability, is therefore an important factor in planning the execution of projects and estimating costs. In this case study, estimates from a design-phase excavatability assessment conducted for a pipeline alignment routed through sedimentary rocks of the Canadian Cordillera are compared to actual construction observations including blasting records. Discrepancies and possible associated causes are then discussed, and considerations for future work are offered.
Investigation of Fracture Toughness Behavior for Carbon Steel Line Pipes Under Hydrogen and CO2 Environment
Authors: Kuo Chih-Hsiang , Newbury Brian , Baker David , Li Chong , Nissley Nathan , Noecker Fredrick , Hoyt Douglas , Jun Hyun Jo , Thirumalai Neeraj
Published: December 2024

Within the global effort to reach carbon emission targets, low carbon hydrogen production and CO2 capture, and sequestration are two crucial focus areas for energy transition. Pipelines are expected to play a critical role in the energy transition as transportation systems of hydrogen and CO2. For hydrogen pipelines, sufficient fracture toughness is one of the key design requirements in ASME B31.12. Further, blue hydrogen production requires capturing CO2 after steam methane reforming and transporting to an underground sequestration site. However, the impact of residual H2 within dense phase/supercritical CO2 has not been broadly studied In this investigation, API 5L sour grade (PSL2 + annex H) and non-sour grade (PSL2) carbon steel line pipes (X65 amdX70) were tested to evaluate the fracture toughness values under (1) 100% H2 at 2400 and 3600 psi and, (2) a mixture of 99% CO2 and 1% H2 at a total pressure of 2400 psi. All measured fracture toughness results were above the ASME B31.12 required fracture toughness value (55 MPa-m1/2). Critically, initiation toughness values were observed to be near-identical between experimental conditions, indicating a strong effect of hydrogen even at low concentrations. The present study underscores the need for detailed experimentation to study the effect of residual-low hydrogen concentrations on the mechanical properties of common transmission pipeline materials.