bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population connectivity across east Australia's bioregions and larval duration of the range‐extending sea starMeridiastra calcar
Authors: Klanten O. Selma , Gall Mailie , Barbosa Sergio S. , Hart Michael W. , Keever Carson C. , Puritz Jonathan B. , Harantio Januar , Toonen Robert J. , Selvakumaraswamy Paulina , Grosberg Richard K. , Byrne Maria
Published: July 2023

The diversity and distribution of marine species in eastern Australia is influenced by one of the world's strongest western boundary currents, the East Australia Current, which propels water and propagules poleward, a flow intensifying due to climate change.

Population genetic structure of the asterinid sea starMeridiastra calcarwas investigated across its range in eastern Australia (12° of latitude, 2,500 km) from northern New South Wales to its poleward‐extending range in Tasmania at the southern edge influence of the East Australia Current.

Population structure and connectivity ofM. calcarwere examined across six bioregions using six microsatellite loci (nuclear DNA) and the control region (mitochondrial DNA). The potential influence of the extent ofM. calcar's intertidal rock platform habitat was also assessed.

Genetic structure analysis indicated that the Hawkesbury Shelf contained distinct genetic clusters, whereas the two sites in the Batemans Shelf differed from each other, with Jervis Bay Marine Park having just one genetic cluster. The Manning Shelf, Twofold Shelf, and Bruny bioregions all had similar genetic composition.

Strong self‐seeding (68–98%) was indicated by microsatellite loci for all bioregions, with lower (0.3–6.5%) migration between bioregions. Poleward (New South Wales to Tasmania) migration was low except from the Manning Shelf (30%).

Contemporary population connectivity and genetic structure ofM. calcarappear to be influenced by ocean currents, habitat distribution, and its short planktonic larval duration, which was a minimum of 12–14 days, depending on availability of a settlement cue.

The dominance of unique genetic groups in the Hawkesbury bioregion shows the importance of this region forM. calcarand possibly a diversity of co‐distributed rock platform species. This highlights how important it is to have a large marine park in the Hawkesbury bioregion, which is presently lacking.
Autism, pets, and the importance of seeing human
Authors: Atherton Gray , Piovesan Andrea , Cross Liam
Published: July 2023

People often see the human in the nonhuman, a process called anthropomorphism. Anthropomorphism is particularly prolific regarding the humanization of pets. Some research suggests that people with autism may not anthropomorphize to the same degree as neurotypicals. In this study, we explored whether there were differences in how autistic and neurotypical pet owners anthropomorphized their pets. We also examined differences in levels of connectedness to nature and experiences of loneliness and how this corresponded to autistic traits in the entire sample. We found anthropomorphism was as common among autistic pet owners as in neurotypicals. However, autistic pet owners reported greater loneliness and were more likely to substitute pets for people. We also found that neurotypical pet owners rated pets more highly on physical, non‐anthropomorphic traits (i.e., muscular, active). In contrast, autistic pet owners were likelier to rate pets equally between physical and anthropomorphic traits. Moreover, we found that anthropomorphism and connection to nature were positively correlated with autistic traits. These findings challenge accounts stating that individuals with autism may not anthropomorphize to the same degree as neurotypicals. Implications for animal‐based interventions supporting adults on the spectrum are discussed.
Revealing the Impact of Particle Size Distribution on Ageing of Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Frequency Response Analysis
Authors: Seng Chan Hoon , Bläubaum Lars , Vijayshankar Dandapani , Röder Fridolin , Nowak Christine , Weber André , Kwade Arno , Krewer Ulrike
Published: July 2023

In‐depth analyses, including discharge behaviour, electrochemical impedance analysis, and for the first time, nonlinear frequency response analysis, are conducted on the ageing of negative electrodes with varying particle size distribution. The electrode‐resolved analysis is used to distinguish the kinetic and transport losses at the respective electrodes. For fine to medium‐sized particles at the negative electrode, ageing impacts are found more on the positive electrode: the impedance and nonlinear responses increase, suggesting that the charge transfer process at the positive electrode is worsened. Meanwhile, for coarse and broad negative particles, the impedance and nonlinear responses at negative electrodes decrease due to improved kinetics from micro‐cracking. The second harmonic reveals a change in the nature of the charge transfer during ageing: the charge transfer process at the positive electrode becomes asymmetric for fine and medium‐sized negative particles. Vice versa, the charge transfer process at the negative electrode becomes symmetric for coarse and broad negative particles.
Verlängerung der technischen Nutzungsdauer von Infrastrukturbauwerken auf Basis semiprobabilistischer Betrachtungen
Authors: Strauss Alfred , Bergmeister Konrad , Seywald Christian
Published: July 2023

Eine der wichtigsten Maßnahmen im Rahmen der Diskussion um eine verbesserte Nachhaltigkeit im Bauwesen ist die Verlängerung der Nutzungsdauer unserer Bauwerke [1]. Daher werden intensive Forschungen in Bezug auf sich für die Infrastrukturbauwerke ändernde Umweltbedingungen sowie externe Lasteinwirkungen und neue Baustoffe sowie deren Auswirkung auf die Herstellung und den Betrieb von Infrastrukturen durchgeführt. Bereits jetzt lassen sich gemäß [2] Veränderungen in der Kinematik der Abbaumechanismen (Degradationen) beobachten. Insbesondere können wechselnde Umweltbedingungen (Expositionen) die Degradation der Werkstoffe und Strukturen beschleunigen, aber auch verlangsamen. Diese Erkenntnisse über die Degradationsprozesse, aber auch die verbesserten Kenntnisse der Geometrie und effektiven mechanischen Baustoffkennwerte sollen wirkungsvoll in die Ingenieurpraxis zur Bewertung der strukturellen Zuverlässigkeit und der verbleibenden Nutzungsdauer übergeführt werden [3]. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wie die Elemente der Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse mit den Elementen vertiefter Prüf‐ und Monitoringverfahren kombiniert werden können, um die Degradationsprozesse aufgrund veränderter Umweltbedingungen und neuer Baustoffe periodisch zu bewerten. Daraus kann infolge mithilfe semiprobabilistischer Teilsicherheitsbetrachtungen die Nutzungsdauer festgelegt sowie bei Bestandsbauwerken die verbleibende Restnutzungsdauer verifiziert werden.
Influence of kepok banana bunch as new cellulose source on thermal, mechanical, and biodegradability properties of Thai cassava starch/polyvinyl alcohol hybrid‐based bioplastic
Authors: Autha Nelga , Siregar Febriana Esza Dewi , Harmiansyah  , Mahardika Melbi , Nurfani Eka
Published: July 2023

Bioplastics were developed to overcome environmental problems that are difficult to decompose in the environment. This study analyzes Thai cassava starch‐based bioplastics' tensile strength, biodegradability, moisture absorption, and thermal stability. This study used Thai cassava starch and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as matrices, whereas Kepok banana bunch cellulose was employed as a filler. The ratios between starch and cellulose are 10:0 (S1), 9:1 (S2), 8:2 (S3), 7:3 (S4), and 6:4 (S5), while PVA was set constant. The tensile test showed the S4 sample's highest tensile strength of 6.26 MPa, a strain of 3.85%, and a modulus of elasticity of 166 MPa. After 15 days, the maximum soil degradation rate in the S1 sample was 27.9%. The lowest moisture absorption was found in the S5 sample at 8.43%. The highest thermal stability was observed in S4 (316.8°C). This result was significant in reducing the production of plastic waste for environmental remediation.
Glutamine metabolic microenvironment drives M2 macrophage polarization to mediate trastuzumab resistance in HER2‐positive gastric cancer
Authors: Hu Xingbin , Ma Zhenfeng , Xu Beibei , Li Shulong , Yao Zhiqi , Liang Bishan , Wang Jiao , Liao Wangjun , Lin Li , Wang Chunling , Zheng Siting , Wu Qijing , Huang Qiong , Yu Le , Wang Fenghua , Shi Min
Published: July 2023

Background

Trastuzumab is a first‐line targeted therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 (HER2)‐positive gastric cancer. However, the inevitable occurrence of acquired trastuzumab resistance limits the drug benefit, and there is currently no effective reversal measure. Existing researches on the mechanism of trastuzumab resistance mainly focused on tumor cells themselves, while the understanding of the mechanisms of environment‐mediated drug resistance is relatively lacking. This study aimed to further explore the mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance to identify strategies to promote survival in these patients.

Methods

Trastuzumab‐sensitive and trastuzumab‐resistant HER2‐positive tumor tissues and cells were collected for transcriptome sequencing. Bioinformatics were used to analyze cell subtypes, metabolic pathways, and molecular signaling pathways. Changes in microenvironmental indicators (such as macrophage, angiogenesis, and metabolism) were verified by immunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses. Finally, a multi‐scale agent‐based model (ABM) was constructed. The effects of combination treatment were further validated in nude mice to verify these effects predicted by the ABM.

Results

Based on transcriptome sequencing, molecular biology, and in vivo experiments, we found that the level of glutamine metabolism in trastuzumab‐resistant HER2‐positive cells was increased, and glutaminase 1 (GLS1) was significantly overexpressed. Meanwhile, tumor‐derived GLS1 microvesicles drove M2 macrophage polarization. Furthermore, angiogenesis promoted trastuzumab resistance. IHC showed high glutamine metabolism, M2 macrophage polarization, and angiogenesis in trastuzumab‐resistant HER2‐positive tumor tissues from patients and nude mice. Mechanistically, the cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) promoted GLS1 expression in tumor cells by activating nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) p65 and drove GLS1 microvesicle secretion through IQ motif‐containing GTPase‐activating protein 1 (IQGAP1). Based on the ABM and in vivo experiments, we confirmed that the combination of anti‐glutamine metabolism, anti‐angiogenesis, and pro‐M1 polarization therapy had the best effect in reversing trastuzumab resistance in HER2‐positive gastric cancer.

Conclusions

This study revealed that tumor cells secrete GLS1 microvesicles via CDC42 to promote glutamine metabolism, M2 macrophage polarization, and pro‐angiogenic function of macrophages, leading to acquired trastuzumab resistance in HER2‐positive gastric cancer. A combination of anti‐glutamine metabolism, anti‐angiogenesis, and pro‐M1 polarization therapy may provide a new insight into reversing trastuzumab resistance.
Assessment PLUS: A guided self‐help pilot within the psychological therapies teams
Authors: Casella Tania , Carrapico Rachel , Whyte Rachel , Hanson Rachel , Stefanova Boyana , Campbell Danielle , Fraser Fidan , Currie Kellyann , Williams Mhairi , Quinn Phil
Published: July 2023

Objective

This paper presents the findings of a study evaluating the effectiveness, accessibility, sustainability and patient satisfaction of the Assessment PLUS model. This model aimed to reduce patients' symptomology, improve their functioning and alleviate the demand on Psychological Therapies Team (PTT) staff, particularly in response to the challenges posed by the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

The intervention was offered to 55 patients with mild‐to‐moderate mental health conditions across three localities in Lanarkshire, UK, of whom only 25 completed the sessions. Clinical outcome measure scores, patients' feedback, wait times, discharge, returning patients and re‐referral rates were analysed using a mixed methods approach.

Results

The results of the statistical analysis highlight a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.001) in patients' presentations and results of the thematic analysis reveal that almost all patients found the intervention helpful and returned overall positive feedback. On completing the intervention, less than a third of patients returned to the waiting list, while more than half were discharged completely. At the 6‐month follow‐up, those returning to the PTT waitlists (n = 12) had between 6 and 8 sessions on average, while over the 80% of those discharged from A+ did not require further psychological input. The average wait time across the full sample was 6 weeks.

Conclusions

In summary, the results of the mixed methods analysis demonstrate a significant improvement in patients' presentations after completing the A+ intervention. The majority of patients found the intervention helpful and provided positive feedback. Moreover, a significant proportion of patients were discharged completely, and those who returned to the PTT waitlists required fewer sessions on average. The average wait time for the full sample was just over 6 weeks.
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia in a 42‐year‐old Ethiopian man presenting with severe anemia and high‐output heart failure: A case report with literature review
Authors: Solela Gashaw , Adamseged Michael , Mohammed Abdulsemed
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical Messages

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), a rare hereditary disorder, can cause recurrent massive epistaxis and gastrointestinal bleeding leading to severe anemia. Early diagnosis of HHT is essential to provide timely interventional therapies.

HHT is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disease that results in abnormal vasculogenesis in the skin, mucous membranes, and visceral organs such as the liver, lungs, and brain. Clinical diagnosis of HHT is made using the Curacao criteria, which include recurrent spontaneous nosebleeds, mucocutaneous telangiectasias, visceral organ involvement, and first‐degree family history of HHT. Here, we report a patient with HHT from Ethiopia, who presented with recurrent epistaxis and gastrointestinal bleeding, and severe anemia requiring frequent blood transfusions as well as cauterization. The presented case is a 42‐year‐old Black Ethiopian man with frequent hospitalization for severe anemia and high‐output heart failure requiring frequent blood transfusions. His mother had bilateral epistaxis since her early adulthood. Physical examination was significant for tachycardia, pale conjunctivae, and tiny erythematous lesions over his tongue, ejection systolic murmur and peripheral edema. Laboratory investigations revealed severe anemia with iron deficiency picture. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed multiple telangiectasia spots and abdominal Doppler ultrasound showed hepatic arterio‐venous malformations. He received supportive management and electrocauterization of nasal, gastric, and duodenal telangiectasias. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of HHT to be reported from Ethiopia. High degree of suspicion and early diagnosis of HHT is essential to start preventive screening and surveillance and provide timely interventional therapies. HHT can cause recurrent massive epistaxis and gastrointestinal bleeding leading to severe anemia and high‐output heart failure. In resource limited settings, selective cauterization of telangiectasia will help to control bleeding, although it does not avoid recurrent bleeding.
Acid⋅⋅⋅Amide Supramolecular Synthon for Tuning Amino Acid‐Based Hydrogels’ Properties
Authors: Veronese Eleonora , Pigliacelli Claudia , Bergamaschi Greta , Terraneo Giancarlo , Dichiarante Valentina , Metrangolo Pierangelo
Published: July 2023

Supramolecular hydrogels formed by the self‐assembly of N‐Fmoc‐l‐phenylalanine derivatives are gaining relevance for several applications in the materials and biomedical fields. In the challenging attempt to predict or tune their properties, we selected Fmoc‐pentafluorophenylalanine (1) as a model efficient gelator, and studied its self‐assembly in the presence of benzamide (2), a non‐gelator able to form strong hydrogen bonds with the amino acid carboxylic group. Equimolar mixtures of 1 and 2 in organic solvents afforded a 1 : 1 co‐crystal thanks to the formation of an acid⋅⋅⋅amide heterodimeric supramolecular synthon. The same synthon occurred in the transparent gels formed by mixing the two components in 1 : 1 ratio in aqueous media, as revealed by structural, spectroscopic, and thermal characterizations performed on both the co‐crystal powder and the lyophilized hydrogel. These findings revealed the possibility of modulating the properties of amino acid‐based hydrogels by involving the gelator in the formation of a co‐crystal. Such a crystal engineering‐based approach is shown also to be useful for the time‐delayed release of suitable bioactive molecules, when involved as hydrogel coformers.
A Membrane‐Free Decoupled Water Electrolyzer Operating at Simulated Fluctuating Renewables with Tri‐Functional NiCo‐P Electrode
Authors: Liang Shuaika , Ma Yuanyuan , Luo Hongxia , Wu Kangxi , Chen Jun , Yang Jianping
Published: July 2023

Water electrolysis has been considered a promising technology for the conversion of renewables to hydrogen. However, preventing mixing of products (H2 and O2) and exploring cost‐efficient electrolysis components remains challenging for conventional water electrolyzers. Herein, we designed a membrane‐free decoupled water electrolysis system by using graphite felt supported nickel‐cobalt phosphate (GF@NixCoy‐P) material as a tri‐functional (redox mediator, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER)) electrode. The versatile GF@Ni1Co1‐P electrode obtained by a one‐step electrodeposition not only exhibits high specific capacity (176 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1) and long cycle life (80 % capacity retention after 3000 cycles) as a redox mediator, but also has relatively outstanding catalytic activities for HER and OER. The excellent properties of the GF@NixCoy‐P electrode endow this decoupled system with more flexibility for H2 production by fluctuating renewable energies. This work provides guidance for multifunctional applications of transition metal compounds between energy storage and electrocatalysis.
Electrocardiographic characteristics of cirrhotic patients and their association with Child‐Pugh score
Authors: Jahangiri Soodeh , Abdiardekani Alireza , Jamshidi Saideh , Askarinejad Amir , Mosalamiaghili SeyedArad , Bazrafshan Mehdi , Karimi Mohamadreza , Bazrafshan Hanieh , Bazrafshan drissi Hamed
Published: July 2023

Background

Cardiac dysfunction is a serious complication of cirrhosis which is usually asymptomatic. We investigated the clinical and electrocardiographic (ECG)‐related factors among patients with cirrhosis and our aim was to find any associations between ECG changes and the etiology of cirrhosis, as well as Child‐Pugh score.

Hypothesis

We hypothesized that some ECG‐related factors, particularly prolonged QT interval, are more common in patients with cirrhosis. Also, these factors are associated with the severity of cirrhosis, measured by the Child‐Pugh score.

Methods

From April 2019 to December 2022, we reviewed admitted patients to Namazi and Abu‐Ali Sina hospitals, Shiraz, Iran. Patients with confirmed diagnosis of cirrhosis and without concurrent disorders affecting the cardiovascular system were selected. Clinical and ECG‐related data were then extracted for participants, and Child‐Pugh score was calculated.

Results

A total of 425 patients were included; the median age was 36 years, and 245 patients (57.6%) were men. Cryptogenic and primary sclerosing cholangitis were the most common etiologies. Prolonged QT followed by early transitional zone were the most common ECG changes (24.7% and 19.8%, respectively), which were significantly associated with the etiology of cirrhosis and Child‐Pugh class.

Conclusions

Prolonged QT interval and presence of early transitional zone in patients with cirrhosis may indicate cardiac dysfunction, necessitating further evaluations.
Equity, diversity, and inclusion in global cancer clinical trial authorship
Authors: Eldridge Linsey , Ginsburg Ophira , Gopal Satish , Odeny Thomas A.
Published: July 2023

International partnership is an important tool for strengthening health systems and advancing cancer research and control, but is often characterized by power and resource inequities. More equitable, diverse, and inclusive global oncology research is possible and must be achieved to strengthen the discipline and ultimately lead to far greater impact for people affected by cancer worldwide.
An anatomically distinct subpopulation of orexin neurons project from the lateral hypothalamus to the olfactory bulb
Authors: Qi Meizhu , Fadool Debra Ann , Storace Douglas A.
Published: July 2023

Olfactory cues play a key role in natural behaviors such as finding food, finding mates, and avoiding predators. In principle, the ability of the olfactory system to carry out these perceptual functions would be facilitated by signaling related to an organism's physiological state. One candidate pathway includes a direct projection from the hypothalamus to the main olfactory bulb, the first stage of olfactory sensory processing. The pathway from the hypothalamus to the main olfactory bulb is thought to include neurons that express the neuropeptide orexin, although the proportion that is orexinergic remains unknown. A current model proposes that the orexin population is heterogeneous, yet it remains unknown whether the proportion that innervates the main olfactory bulb reflects a distinct subpopulation of the orexin population. Herein, we carried out combined retrograde tract tracing with immunohistochemistry for orexin‐A in the mouse to define the proportion of hypothalamic input to the main olfactory bulb that is orexinergic and to determine what fraction of the orexin‐A population innervates the bulb. The numbers and spatial positions of all retrogradely labeled neurons and all the orexin‐A‐expressing neurons were quantified in sequential sections through the hypothalamus. Retrogradely labeled neurons were found in the ipsilateral hypothalamus, of which 22% expressed orexin‐A. The retrogradely labeled neurons that did and did not express orexin‐A could be anatomically distinguished based on their spatial position and cell body area. Remarkably, only 7% of all the orexin‐A neurons were retrogradely labeled, suggesting that only a small fraction of the orexin‐A population directly innervate the main olfactory bulb. These neurons spatially overlapped with the orexin‐A neurons that did not innervate the bulb, although the two cell populations were differentiated based on cell body area. Overall, these results support a model in which olfactory sensory processing is influenced by orexinergic feedback at the first synapse in the olfactory processing pathway.
Biogenesis, function, and landscape of tsRNAs in central nervous system diseases
Authors: Yang Kaiying , Sun Yu , Zhao Jie , He Chang , Pan Xudong , Zhu Xiaoyan
Published: July 2023

Transfer RNA‐derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are fragments that originate from mature or precursor tRNAs and are a subclass of sRNAs. With the development of high‐throughput sequencing techniques, the real feature of tsRNAs has gradually been revealed. tsRNAs are functional fragments of distinct lengths produced by the cleavage of mature or precursor tRNAs by different ribonuclease enzymes. tsRNAs exert extensive functions, including gene silencing, translational regulation, and reverse transcriptional regulation, affecting cell viability and differentiation and participating in pathological processes of various diseases, including central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Emerging sequencing evidence indicates that tsRNAs are expressed differently in various CNS diseases, preliminary suggesting that tsRNAs are involved in the occurrence and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, glioma, epilepsy, and other CNS diseases. In addition, significant differences expression of extracellular tsRNAs in circulating or cerebrospinal fluid between patients and normal individuals have demonstrated the diagnostic and prognostic value of tsRNAs as biomarkers for liquid biopsy. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of the biogenesis, function, and chemical modification of tsRNAs, focusing on the current status and prospects of research on tsRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, glioma, epilepsy, and others.
Generation and characterization of a Dkk4‐Cre knock‐in mouse line
Authors: Khatif Houda , Bazzi Hisham
Published: July 2023

Ectodermal appendages in mammals, such as teeth, mammary glands, sweat glands and hair follicles, are generated during embryogenesis through a series of mesenchymal–epithelial interactions. Canonical Wnt signaling and its inhibitors are implicated in the early steps of ectodermal appendage development and patterning. To study the activation dynamics of the Wnt target and inhibitor Dickkopf4 (Dkk4) in ectodermal appendages, we used CRSIPR/Cas9 to generate a Dkk4‐Cre knock‐in mouse (Mus musculus) line, where the Cre recombinase cDNA replaces the expression of endogenous Dkk4. Using Cre reporters, the Dkk4‐Cre activity was evident at the prospective sites of ectodermal appendages, overlapping with the Dkk4 mRNA expression. Unexpectedly, a predominantly mesenchymal cell population in the embryo posterior also showed Dkk4‐Cre activity. Lineage‐tracing suggested that these cells are likely derived from a few Dkk4‐Cre‐expressing cells in the epiblast at early gastrulation. Finally, our analyses of Dkk4‐Cre‐expressing cells in developing hair follicle epithelial placodes revealed intra‐ and inter‐placodal cellular heterogeneity, supporting emerging data on the positional and transcriptional cellular variability in placodes. Collectively, we propose the new Dkk4‐Cre knock‐in mouse line as a suitable model to study Wnt and DKK4 inhibitor dynamics in early mouse development and ectodermal appendage morphogenesis.
Tunicate Eco‐Evo‐Devo laboratory in IMS‐METU
Authors: Karahan Arzu
Published: July 2023

I completed my undergraduate education in Atatürk University, Education Faculty, Biology Department. Then pursued my graduate education at the Biology Department of Mersin University. Both my master's and PhD theses were on the biological and population genetics features of various fish species. My initial encounter with tunicates dates back to my Postdoc at Israel Oceanographic and Limnologic Research Institute (IOLR) in 2011, where I was working on a DNA barcoding project. During that time, the entire institute was actively engaged in research on tunicates, and discussions during lunchtime often revolved around this fascinating group of organisms. Prof. Rinkevich usually only spoke seriously about tunicate biology but 1 day he told me “You know Botryllus schlosseri is riding horse in Black Sea coasts of Turkiye.” I was totally surprised and was trying to understand the meaning of this comment from a scientific perspective. He then showed me the picture of a B. schlosseri colony attached to a seahorse. Following several more Postdoc experiences, I began working as a Principal Investigator at Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University (IMS‐METU) in 2017. Since then, my team and I have been working on tunicate biodiversity, evolutionary biology, genomics, DNA barcoding, metabarcoding, metabolomics, whole‐body regeneration (WBR) and aging related pathways.
Factors contributing to realizing valuable goals of students with dyslexia in higher education
Authors: Rolak Marzenka , Heerkens Yvonne F. , van Bakel Hedwig J. A. , van der Klink Jac J. L.
Published: July 2023

When students with dyslexia enter higher education, studying often creates challenges at different levels. Universities differ in the way they facilitate students with dyslexia in their educational careers. This study focusses on studying with dyslexia from a value‐driven perspective. The aim of the study is to investigate valuable goals of students with dyslexia in higher education and the conversion factors that are stimulating and inhibiting in the realization of these valuable goals. Data were collected during focus groups: five focus groups of students with dyslexia (23 participants) and two focus groups of student counsellors (10 participants). Important values for students are their personal development and to prove they can succeed at university level. Not all students are able or being enabled to show their knowledge and skills and to grow within the educational system. Different personal and environmental factors are described that inhibit or facilitate the realization of valuable goals. The results are presented from two perspectives: of students and student counsellors. The implications of the results and guidelines for future research are discussed.
Plant sex influences on riparian communities and ecosystems
Authors: Scheuerell River P. , LeRoy Carri J.
Published: July 2023

Over the past several decades, we have increased our understanding of the influences of plant genetics on associated communities and ecosystem functions. These influences have been shown at both broad spatial scales and across many plant families, creating an active subdiscipline of ecology research focused on genes‐to‐ecosystems connections. One complex aspect of plant genetics is the distinction between males and females in dioecious plants. The genetic determinants of plant sex are poorly understood for most plants, but the influences of plant sex on morphological, physiological, and chemical plant traits are well‐studied. We argue that these plant traits, controlled by plant sex, may have wide‐reaching influences on both terrestrial and aquatic communities and ecosystem processes, particularly for riparian plants. Here we systematically review the influences of plant sex on plant traits, influences of plant traits on terrestrial community members, and how interactions between plant traits and terrestrial community members can influence terrestrial ecosystem functions in riparian forests. We then extend these influences into adjacent aquatic ecosystem functions and aquatic communities to explore how plant sex might influence linked terrestrial‐aquatic systems as well as the physical structure of riparian systems. This review highlights data gaps in empirical studies exploring the direct influences of plant sex on communities and ecosystems but draws inference from community and ecosystem genetics. Overall, this review highlights how variation by plant sex has implications for climate change adaptations in riparian habitats, the evolution and range shifts of riparian species and the methods used for conserving and restoring riparian systems.
Phenotypic plasticity in leaf traits in response to experimental precipitation increase: Wettability, foliar water uptake and gas exchange
Authors: Cavallaro Agustín , Carbonell‐Silletta Luisina , Askenazi Javier O. , Goldstein Guillermo , Bucci Sandra J. , Scholz Fabián G.
Published: July 2023

Water availability is one of the factors affecting plant growth and development, especially in arid and semiarid environments. Changes in precipitation due climate change alter water availability to plants impacting on plant physiology. Numerous studies have focused on plant response to reduced precipitation and less on the effects of increased precipitation. The main objective of this study was to evaluate biophysical and physiological leaf traits in response to experimental water addition in four dominant shrubs and one grass species in a Patagonian steppe, during the dry season. The experiment consisted of two treatments: control and water addition, increasing the average annual rainfall by 25% during 6 years. We measured leaf wettability, water status, transpiration, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency and foliar water uptake (FWU). In addition, we determined the phenotypic plasticity index of these evaluated traits. We expected lower FWU and higher transpiration and photosynthesis rates due changes in leaf surface properties under water addition treatment. All study species responded significantly to treatment with higher loss of water per transpiration and lower FWU. Also, all species increased photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency (WUE). However, water potential and leaf wettability did not change with higher precipitation. Thus, higher phenotypic plasticity was observed in functional than in morphological traits. Since functional traits were more sensitive than leaf surface traits, plants may quickly take advantage when environmental conditions tend to be more favourable to growth. Our findings suggest that plants of Patagonian steppe have adaptive ability to respond to environmental changes through plastic responses.
Applying MgO‐modified date tree fiber as a nanoadsorbent for nitrate removal from water
Authors: Gholamian Meysam , Manteghi Faranak
Published: July 2023

Modified date tree fiber has been applied as a nanoadsorbent to remove nitrate ion from wastewater. When the nitrate concentration in drinking water is more than a significant amount, nitrate removal will be a technical challenge. Since correction of the adsorbent surface by metals and metal oxides can significantly increase its adsorption capacity, nano‐adsorbent production using hard and porous fibers of date palm, was corrected by adding MgCl2·6H2O. Consequently, the formation of MgO particles with the dimension of 17.34 nm increased the adsorbent contact with water pollutants. The nitrate adsorption is by forming MgO layers on cellulose and hemicellulose as constituents of the fibers which with their hydroxyl groups, create a high potential for nitrate and even other oxanions removal in water through interaction between magnesium ion and empty spaces in the structure of fiber. Examining the pH of process as an influential factor, we found that pH 5 is the optimum value for having a maximum adsorption. The adsorption capacity, 55.30 mg·g−1 of MgO‐date tree fiber with a removal efficiency of about 90% indicates a high ability of removal. Moreover, a decrease of 0.05 mg g−1 in the capacity of nano‐adsorbent and 0.09% efficiency reduction of nitrate removal indicates the regeneration and reproducibility of the nano‐adsorbent after four cycles of adsorption and desorption. Therefore, the adsorbent obtained from carbon fiber of date tree modified with magnesium oxide as a novel inexpensive nano‐bio‐adsorbent recycled from native agricultural wastes will have the potential to significantly remove nitrate from wastewater.
Biomembrane force probe (BFP): Design, advancements, and recent applications to live‐cell mechanobiology
Authors: Moldovan Laura , Song Caroline Haoran , Chen Yiyao Catherine , Wang Haoqing Jerry , Ju Lining Arnold
Published: July 2023

Mechanical forces play a vital role in biological processes at molecular and cellular levels, significantly impacting various diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and COVID‐19. Recent advancements in dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS) techniques have enabled the application and measurement of forces and displacements with high resolutions, providing crucial insights into the mechanical pathways underlying these diseases. Among DFS techniques, the biomembrane force probe (BFP) stands out for its ability to measure bond kinetics and cellular mechanosensing with pico‐newton and nano‐meter resolutions. Here, a comprehensive overview of the classical BFP‐DFS setup is presented and key advancements are emphasized, including the development of dual biomembrane force probe (dBFP) and fluorescence biomembrane force probe (fBFP). BFP‐DFS allows us to investigate dynamic bond behaviors on living cells and significantly enhances the understanding of specific ligand‐receptor axes mediated cell mechanosensing. The contributions of BFP‐DFS to the fields of cancer biology, thrombosis, and inflammation are delved into, exploring its potential to elucidate novel therapeutic discoveries. Furthermore, future BFP upgrades aimed at improving output and feasibility are anticipated, emphasizing its growing importance in the field of cell mechanobiology. Although BFP‐DFS remains a niche research modality, its impact on the expanding field of cell mechanobiology is immense.
Investigating the contribution of mulberry leaf Fu tea to ameliorating metabolic disorders and remodeling gut microbiota in diabetic mice
Authors: Li Hongcai , Yang Siqi , Fan Lingjia , Luo Lin , Lei Wenzhi , Tan Pei , Yue Tianli , Gao Zhenpeng
Published: July 2023

Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and metabolic disorders contributes to the occurrence of diabetes mellitus. Polyphenols reduce the risk of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by inhibiting α‐glucosidase. Mulberry leaf Fu tea (FM) is a kind of tea obtained by the fermentation of Eurotium cristatum, which is polyphenol‐enriched and has a distinctive aroma, but its antidiabetic mechanism is unclear. In this study, we investigated the polyphenols in the aqueous extract of FM through HRLC‐MS and verified its inhibitory effect on α‐glucosidase in vitro test and finally studied its effect on gut microbiota and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in diabetic mice. The findings demonstrated that FM supplementation considerably altered gut microbiota abnormalities in diabetic mice, maintained the balance of microflora, encouraged the growth of beneficial microorganisms (Coriobacteriaceae UCG‐002, Dubosiella, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium), and increased levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. In conclusion, FM can regulate gut microbiota and SCFAs to ameliorate or alleviate T2DM caused by HFD‐STZ. Therefore, FM can also be used as postbiotics to improve T2DM.
Building deep learning and traditional chemometric models based on Fourier transform mid‐infrared spectroscopy: Identification of wild and cultivated Gastrodia elata
Authors: Liu Shuai , Liu Honggao , Li Jieqing , Wang Yuanzhong
Published: July 2023

To identify wild and cultivated Gastrodia elata quickly and accurately, this study is the first to apply three‐dimensional correlation spectroscopy (3DCOS) images combined with deep learning models to the identification of G. elata. The spectral data used for model building do not require any preprocessing, and the spectral data are converted into three‐dimensional spectral images for model building. For large sample studies, the time cost is minimized. In addition, a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) model and a support vector machine (SVM) model are built for comparison with the deep learning model. The overall effect of the deep learning model is significantly better than that of the traditional chemometric models. The results show that the model achieves 100% accuracy in the training set, test set, and external validation set of the model built after 46 iterations without preprocessing the original spectral data. The sensitivity, specificity, and the effectiveness of the model are all 1. The results concluded that the deep learning model is more effective than the traditional chemometric model and has greater potential for application in the identification of wild and cultivated G. elata.
e‐Delphiin the outdoors: Stakeholder contributions to the development of a wellbeing‐focused outdoor adventure education intervention program
Authors: Down Michael J. A. , Picknoll Duncan , Hoyne Gerard , Piggott Ben , Bulsara Caroline
Published: July 2023

Issue Addressed

Outdoor adventure education (OAE) (programs involving outdoor activities such as rock climbing or white‐water canoeing) that participants perceive as risky, conducted in a social support setting, can be utilised by practitioners to elicit changes in educational and psychosocial outcomes to support participant adolescent wellbeing.

Methods

This study garnered the opinions of an expert OAE panel on the content of future programs aiming to impact adolescent wellbeing. The panel consisted of local (Western Australia,n = 7), national (Australia,n = 4), and international (Canada, Germany, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States,n = 7) experts. A two‐round, mixed‐methods Delphi approach was employed. Extensive formative work led to the development of a series of open‐ended questions requiring qualitative responses for round one. Panellists were also asked to respond to 17 statements using Likert scales in the second round.

Results

After analysis, a consensus was reached for all statements, with five statements having high consensus and being considered important by panellists.

Conclusions

The statement ‘Equity for all participants requires flexible delivery and facilitation’ had the highest level of agreement amongst panellists. Connections, authentic experiences, and equitable experiences developed as key themes.

So What?

Future OAE interventions focused on wellbeing impact could use the findings of this research as a basis for program design.
How can scope of practice be described and conceptualised in medical and health professions? A systematic review for scoping and content analysis
Authors: Downie Sharon , Walsh Jill , Kirk‐Brown Andrea , Haines Terry P.
Published: July 2023

Background

The term scope of practice (SOP) refers to the limits of a health professional's knowledge, skills and experience and reflects all tasks and activities they undertake within the context of their professional role. Inconsistency in definitions of SOP contributes to uncertainty and confusion regarding professional practice boundaries and potentially impacts societal access to safe, effective and efficient healthcare options. The aim of this paper is to understand the conceptual diversity that may exist in terminology used to describe medical, nursing/midwifery and allied health SOP within an Australian practice context exemplar.

Methods

A systematic review for scoping and content analysis of SOP definitions and concepts, involving inductive thematic analysis and synthesis of published and grey literature.

Results

The initial search strategy yielded 11,863 hits, of which 379 were suitable for inclusion. Data coding identified various SOP terms and definitions and the emergence of six, conceptual elements underpinning the theoretical construct. These were subsequently proposed as a preliminary conceptual model (‘Solar’) to explain how the six conceptual elements may be applied across various professions, clinical settings and jurisdictions to better understand and address current and evolving SOP issues.

Conclusion

The findings of this study highlight limited consistency in SOP definitions and terminology within a single jurisdiction, and the conceptual complexity of the underlying theoretical construct. Further research is required to build on the proposed ‘Solar’ conceptual model and create a universal SOP definition across jurisdictions, to enhance understanding of the importance of SOP to workforce policy, clinical governance, service models and patient outcomes.
The recent Nipah virus outbreak in Bangladesh could be a threat for global public health: A brief report
Authors: Nazmunnahar  , Ahmed Iftekhar , Roknuzzaman A. S. M. , Islam Md. Rabiul
Published: July 2023

The Nipah virus is a zoonotic infection that can potentially be transmitted from person to person as well as through ingesting contaminated food. It has a high fatality rate, and no treatment or cure at present. Several nations in South Asia have reported Nipah virus outbreaks occurred during a particular season of the year. Since it was first found in Bangladesh in 2001, there have been a total of 335 people infected with it, and 237 of those people have passed away as a result of their infection. With increased public awareness, community engagement, and preventative measures, this potentially fatal virus has been suppressed. Yet, following a pandemic and a considerable increase in the health burden, the transmission rate continuously increased over a few years, indicating that there is a growing possibility to become a global public health concern. Without effective vaccines and reliable treatment options, its capacity for human‐to‐human transmission and potential to spread throughout the area could result in a disastrous public health emergency worldwide.
The effect of a training program on the self‐care efficacy of hemodialysis patients with mineral and bone disorders: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Tashakor Sedigheh , Bagherian Behnaz , Salmanpour Zahra , Mehdipour‐Rabori Roghayeh
Published: July 2023

Background and Aims

Patients who have chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mineral and bone disorders (MBD) often do not know much about their diseases. A training program can help them improve their quality of life. This study aimed to assess the effect of a training program on the self‐care efficacy of the hemodialysis patients with MBDs in southeastern Iran.

Method

We conducted a quasi‐experimental study involving 49 patients with CKD‐MBD in southeastern Iran in 2021. The patients were randomly assigned to either the control or intervention group. The intervention group received 12 self‐care training sessions delivered through WhatsApp, whereas the control group received routine information. We administered CKD‐MBD knowledge and behavior questionnaires of the intervention, and measured laboratory parameters before and 1 month after the intervention. The data were analyzed by SPSS15 with descriptive and analytical statistics. Pairedttest, independentt, analysis of covariance, and Mann–WhitneyUtests were using for data analysis.

Results

The mean knowledge scores of the control group were 4.78 ± 1.78 and 6.22 ± 2.11 before and after the intervention, respectively (p = 0.200), whereas the mean knowledge scores of the intervention group were 6.08 ± 2.24 and 22.23 ± 4.55 before and after the intervention, respectively (p = 0.001). The mean behavior scores of the control and intervention groups were 75.61 ± 7.13 and 73.85 ± 7.49 before the intervention, respectively (p = 0.070), but they received the mean scores of 78.87 ± 5.58 and 82.50 ± 5.35 after the intervention, respectively (p = 0.001). The result showed a significant increase in the mean knowledge and behavior scores after the intervention. The researchers found no significant difference in the mean scores of the laboratory parameters between them before and after the intervention (p = 0.090); therefore, the intervention could not affect the laboratory parameters.

Conclusion

To sum up, the study found that the training program improved the knowledge and behavior of hemodialysis patients with MBD. WhatsApp was a good and cheap way to teach them self‐care, and it helped them do it better. These results implied that this training program could help the patients have a better quality of life.
Insight on immune cells in rejection and infection postlung transplant
Authors: Liao Mingfeng , Wang Chaoxi , Zhang Mingxia , Qiao Kun
Published: July 2023

Objective

The aim of this study is to provide a concise overview of the role of immune cells in rejection and infection after lung transplantation.

Methods

Based on previous clinical and basic studies, the role of various types of immune cells in the development of rejection and infection after lung transplantation is summarized.

Results

Immune cell functional status is strongly associated with common complications after lung transplantation, such as primary graft dysfunction, infection and occlusive bronchitis syndrome. Targeted balancing of immune cell tolerance and rejection is an important tool for successful lung transplantation.

Conclusion

A comprehensive understanding of immune cell function and the mechanisms that balance immune tolerance and immune rejection may be a crucial factor in improving survival after lung transplantation.