bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OVERVIEW OF THE INFLUENCE OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES ON EXPANDING THE FUNCTIONAL CAPABILITIES OF AUTOMOBILE HEADLIGHTS, ON THEIR PHOTOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS AND METHODS AND MEANS OF THEIR CONTROL
UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF OPERATION
Authors: Andrusenko Serhii , Tokin Olexandr , Boiko Oleg , Biletskyi Volodymyr , Ivanushko Oleksandr , Podpisnov Vladyslav
Published: November 2024

A brief overview of the features and possibilities of innovative technologies in the field of front light-ing systems of mechanical vehicles, in particular, adaptive front lighting systems, intelligent front lighting sys-tems and modern digital lighting systems, was conducted. The main features of the structure and operation of such systems are considered, and some characteristics and capabilities of the front lighting systems used in Mercedes-Benz cars are given. Analyzed the requirements of the UNECE Rules and state standards of Ukraine in force in Ukraine with the requirements for methods and means of monitoring the conformity of installation parameters and photometric characteristics of front lighting systems during the operation of cars and the re-quirements of the manufacturer’s normative and technological documents for the performance of control, di-agnostic and regulatory maintenance work front lighting systems of Mercedes-Benz cars. The results of the work performed were used in the development of methodological instructions for the performance by NTU stu-dents of laboratory work on maintenance and inspection of the condition and adjustments of Mercedes-Benz headlights. Based on the results of the research, proposals and recommendations have been developed regard-ing the expediency of making changes to the state standards and regulatory documents in force in Ukraine, which regulate the performance of works to control the compliance of the technical condition of mechanical road vehicles with safety requirements in terms of external lighting devices. Also, recommendations have been developed for the use of control and diagnostic equipment, with which it is advisable to equip posts for mainte-nance of external light devices of Mercedes-Benz cars by maintenance stations located in Ukraine.
Keywords: car headlight, adaptive front lighting system, intelligent front lighting system, digital lighting sys-tem, dynamic cornering lighting, static cornering lighting, low beam headlights, high beam headlights, adaptive low beam, adaptive high beam, city light mode, extra-urban mode light, light mode on highways; advanced fog light mode, fog light, matrix LED light, light with micro-opto-electromechanical system.
REGARDING THE SPECIFICS OF THE OPERATIONAL PROCESS OF AN ADVANCED-DESIGN ACCELERATOR PEDAL VALVE WITHIN AN ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC CLUTCH ACTUATOR
Authors: Klimenko Valeriy , Yarita Oleksandr
Published: November 2024

The process of managing the clutch of a vehicle is an integral component of a driver’s work and requires spe-cific skills and physical effort, especially for drivers of trucks and buses. One way to simplify the clutch control process for these types of vehicles involves using a developed design of an electro-pneumatic clutch actuator. The particularity of the proposed clutch actuator lies in the utilization of an accelerator pedal valve in its construction, enabling the provision of necessary operational parameters under various working conditions. The construction of the accelerator pedal valve used in the electro-pneumatic clutch actuator has been enhanced by incorporating a throttle that combines its control and power cavities. The presence of this aperture between the cavities of the accelerator pedal valve allows for quicker pressure equalization within them, thereby improving the precision of the actuating mechanism’s shaft positioning. To validate the functionality of the proposed accelerator pedal valve design, a mathematical model describing the opera-tional process of the electro-pneumatic clutch actuator was created. Through mathematical simulations, the perfor-mance of the accelerator pedal valve was investigated based on the duration of the controlling impulse supplied to the respective electro-pneumatic valve. To verify the accuracy of the mathematical model, the obtained results were com-pared with experimental research outcomes. The obtained numerical values for the duration of the controlling impulse leading to the operation of the accelerator pedal valve in the proposed design were determined based on the results of the mathematical modeling of operational processes. These findings highlight the distinctiveness of the proposed con-struction compared to previously known designs. Numeric values for the duration of the controlling impulse that triggers the operation of the accelerator pedal valve in the proposed construction were obtained.
Keywords: accelerator pedal valve, throttle, mathematical model, cavity.
RESEARCH ON THE EFFICIENCY OF CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF EXHAUST GASES FROM A CAR ENGINE DURING WARM-UP MODE
Authors: Tsiuman Mykola , Sadovnyk Ivan
Published: November 2024

The article is dedicated to researching the efficiency of catalytic conversion of exhaust gases from VW BBY car engine (4FS 7.65/7.56) during warm-up mode. The objective of the study is to determine the impact of structural and operational factors of emission control systems on their efficiency during the warm-up phases of car engines. A compre-hensive research methodology has been developed, which includes experimental investigations of the engine and catalyt-ic converter warm-up processes and their influence on harmful emissions. It has been established that during engine warm-up at idle, the attainment of chemical and thermal conditions necessary for the effective operation of the exhaust gas neutralization system occurs at different times: chemical conditions are reached earlier, while thermal conditions are reached later. The nominal efficiency of neutralizing various harmful exhaust gas components (CO, HC, NO) is achieved at different times and temperatures of the catalytic converter: for NO in 180 seconds at 295 °C; for CO in 220 seconds at 305 °C; and for HC in 400 seconds at 330 °C. The necessary chemical operating conditions are reached in 100 seconds at 230 °C. Furthermore, the attainment of the system’s nominal neutralization efficiency is almost independent of the time taken for the engine to reach its operational temperature based on the coolant temperature. The primary catalytic converter has little impact on emission levels in this mode due to not reaching its operational temperature. The results of the experimental research provide an opportunity to refine the theoretical model for determining the influence of structural and operational factors of emission control systems on harmful emissions and to establish a combination of factors for reducing emissions.
Keywords: car engine, operating mode, fuel consumption, catalytic converter temperature, concentrations of harmful substances, exhaust gases.
Anatomical and functional outcomes of surgical treatment of rectocele with internal rectal intussusception
Authors: Biryukov O. M. , Mudrov A. A. , Kostarev I. V. , Titov A. Yu. , Lukianov A. S. , Achkasov S. I.
Published: November 2024

AIM: to estimate anatomical and functional outcomes of surgical treatment for rectocele combined with rectal intussusception.PATIENTS AND METHODS: the retrospective study included 96 patients with rectocele with internal rectal intussusception. The median age was 52 (21; 79) years. Laparoscopic rectocolposacropexy was performed in 59/96 (61%) patients with rectocele combined with high internal rectal intussusception, and Longo’s procedure was performed in 37/96 (39%) women with rectocele and low internal rectal intussusception.RESULTS: late outcomes were estimated in 71/96 (74%) patients. The median follow up was 16 (6; 72) months. No complications occurred after laparoscopic rectocolposacropexy. Two (5%) patients had bowel movements up to 8–10 times a day after Longo procedure right after the surgery. After 2 months, bowel movements decreased to 2–3 times a day. Normal residual volume of the rectum after the Longo procedure was detected in 16/37 patients, while laparoscopic rectocolposacropexy did not affect it (p = 0.01). The median rectocele size after surgery in both groups decreased from 5.0 cm to 2.7 cm (p < 0.0001). High rectal intussusception persisted in 20/59 (34%) patients after rectocolposacropexy, low intussusception — in 15/37 (40%) after Longo procedure. According to the original scale-questionnaire, a decrease in the manifestations of SOD was noted in 20/31 (65%) patients after Longo procedure and in 14/40 (35%) patients after rectocolposacropexy (p = 0.018). Improvement in the quality of life (PFDI questionnaire) after the surgery was registered in both groups without significant differences (p = 0.2). The severity of the effect was 22 (6-48) points (p < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: surgery for complex rectocele, regardless of the operation, does not always provide complete anatomical correction of the defects of the rectum. Laparoscopic rectocolposacropexy is inferior to the Longo procedure in functional outcomes.
Late results of surgery for pilonidal disease with an assessment of the cosmetic effect after various options for wound closure
Authors: Lukashevich M. I. , Polovinkin V. V. , Shcherbakov D. V. , Barkhatov S. I. , Manuilov A. M.
Published: November 2024

AIM: to improve late results of pilonidal disease treatment.PATIENTS AND METHODS: a multicenter retrospective cohort study included patients with pilonidal disease using the original new method — the main group (n = 31) and patients with Karidakis method as controls (n = 70). The recurrence rate was estimated. Six months after surgery, ultrasound, the Vancouver Scale and the SF-36 questionnaire assessed the postoperative scar, cosmetic result and quality of life.RESULTS: the cosmetic effect of the postoperative scar was evaluated and significant differences between groups were obtained. According to the Vancouver Scale, 12 (41.4%) patients of the main group and 11 (16.9%) patients from the control group had a normal color of the postoperative scar (0 points) (p = 0.02). When assessing the pigmentation of the scar, it was found that normal pigmentation (0 points) was found in 8 (28.0%) patients of the main group, and in the control group this indicator was only 5 (8.0%) cases (p = 0.02). The pressure-resistant scar density (2 points) was 17 (59.0%) patients in the main group and 22 (34.0%) patients in the control group (p = 0.04). The scar width in the group using the new method was 1–2 mm (1 point) in 20 cases (69%), whereas in the control group, a similar scar width was recorded in 18 (28.0%) patients (p < 0.001). When evaluating the results of ultrasound of the soft tissue infiltration zone (p = 0.26) and the volume of infiltration (p = 0.36), as well as assessing the quality of life, no significant differences were found. There were no significant differences in the recurrence rate: in the main group it was 2 (6.45%), in the comparison group — 5 (7.14%) cases (p = 0.77).CONCLUSIONS: a new original method for pilonidal disease in comparison with the Karydakis method provides a better cosmetic result
Gas fees on the Ethereum blockchain: from foundations to derivative valuations
Authors: Meister Bernhard K. , Price Henry C. W.
Published: November 2024

The “gas fee” paid for inclusion in the blockchain is analyzed in two parts. First, we consider how “effort” in terms of resources required to process and store a transaction turns into a “gas limit,” which, through a fee comprised of the “base” and “priority fee” in the current version of Ethereum, is converted into the cost paid by the user. We adhere closely to the Ethereum protocol to simplify the analysis and to constrain the design choices when considering “multidimensional gas.” Second, we assume that the “gas” price is givendeus ex machinaby a fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process and evaluate various derivatives. These contracts can, for example, mitigate gas cost volatility. The ability to price and trade “forwards” in addition to the existing “spot” inclusion into the blockchain could enable users to hedge against future cost fluctuations. Overall, this article offers a comprehensive analysis of gas fee dynamics on the Ethereum blockchain, integrating supply-side constraints with demand-side modelling to enhance the predictability and stability of transaction costs.
Unveiling the hidden arsenal: new insights into Proteus mirabilis virulence in UTIs
Authors: Yang Aoyu , Tian Yuchong , Li Xiancheng
Published: November 2024

Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in urinary tract infections (UTIs) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). The pathogenic mechanisms of Proteus mirabilis are complex and diverse, involving various virulence factors, including fimbriae, flagella, urease, polyphosphate kinase, lipopolysaccharides, cyclic AMP receptor protein, Sigma factor RpoE, and RNA chaperone protein Hfq. These factors play crucial roles in bacterial colonization, invasion, evasion of host immune responses, biofilm formation, and urinary stone formation. This paper is the first to comprehensively describe the hydrogenase system, autotransporter proteins, molybdate-binding protein ModA, and two-component systems as virulence factors in Proteus mirabilis, providing new insights into its pathogenic mechanisms in urinary tract infections. This review explores the mechanisms of biofilm formation by Proteus mirabilis and the various virulence factors involved in UTIs, revealing many newly discovered virulence factors from recent studies. These findings may offer new targets for clinical treatment of UTIs and vaccine development, highlighting the importance of understanding these virulence factors.
Emotions and self-efficacy toward simple machines learning through a STEM practice
Authors: Muñoz-Losa Aurora , Marcos-Merino José María
Published: November 2024

Introduction

This study explores the impact of an interactive physics class on the emotions and self-efficacy of elementary education students, specifically in their future roles as educators using STEM-based pedagogical methods. The research aims to understand how such an approach affects students’ emotional responses and confidence in teaching STEM topics.

Methods

The sample included 97 fourth-year prospective elementary teachers. Participants completed pretests and posttests measuring emotions and self-efficacy related to both course content and the pedagogical approach.

Results

Findings indicated a significant increase in both positive emotions and self-efficacy following the interactive class. Male students reported higher levels of positive emotions and self-efficacy than their female peers. Furthermore, students with backgrounds in sciences and technology showed greater improvement compared to those from social science backgrounds. A positive correlation between emotions and self-efficacy was observed.

Discussion

The manipulative, collaborative, and interdisciplinary nature of the physics class likely contributed to the observed positive changes in emotions and self-efficacy. Network analysis suggested that reducing boredom could enhance emotional responses, given its role in affecting both positive and negative emotions. On the other hand, it has been observed that uncertainty could be beneficial in STEM activities due to their relationship with self-efficacy.
Cultivating partnerships to incorporate health promotion modules into primary school curricula: a case study in France
Authors: Johnson Stacey , Laham Sandy , Blanc Samantha , Bellanger Martine
Published: November 2024

School-based health promotion (HP) emerged from the settings-based approach. Children from disadvantaged neighborhoods benefit from HP in their school. Teachers deliver HP modules but need additional resources. This case study aimed to form a transdisciplinary partnership in a socially disadvantaged area to co-develop and embed HP modules into existing curricula. A 3-stage framework was used in this study. Stage 1 cultivated partnerships, reviewed evidence and existing data. Stage 2 generated ideas and co-developed HP modules. Stage 3 trialed the modules within primary school classrooms. Stage 1 resulted in a partnership between city authorities, a primary school and a comprehensive cancer center all located in the same community in France. The reviewed data and evidence provided 18 examples of school-based HP programs and showed that the school is in a highly disadvantaged neighborhood with a large immigrant population. Stage 2 developed 3 HP modules: “Taste and Science Week,” “Nutrition Weeks,” and “Breakfast Week,” each embedded as add-ins into existing math and science lessons and workshops. Finally, stage 3 trialed the modules in 10 first to fifth grade classrooms impacting 214 total students. Transdisciplinary partnerships help co-create and support evidence-driven HP programs. This collaborative approach enabled primary school teachers to effectively embed the HP modules into pre-existing math and science curricula. Families and volunteers are an integral part of successful HP programs however, limited participation was a challenge. Further research is needed to evaluate indicators such as student academic success and health behavior change.
Mitochondria: the epigenetic regulators of ovarian aging and longevity
Authors: Mani Shalini , Srivastava Vidushi , Shandilya Chesta , Kaushik Aditi , Singh Keshav K.
Published: November 2024

Ovarian aging is a major health concern for women. Ovarian aging is associated with reduced health span and longevity. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of ovarian aging. In addition to providing oocytes with optimal energy, the mitochondria provide a co-substrate that drives epigenetic processes. Studies show epigenetic alterations, both nuclear and mitochondrial contribute to ovarian aging. Both, nuclear and mitochondrial genomes cross-talk with each other, resulting in two ways orchestrated anterograde and retrograde response that involves epigenetic changes in nuclear and mitochondrial compartments. Epigenetic alterations causing changes in metabolism impact ovarian function. Key mitochondrial co-substrate includes acetyl CoA, NAD+, ATP, and α-KG. Thus, enhancing mitochondrial function in aging ovaries may preserve ovarian function and can lead to ovarian longevity and reproductive and better health outcomes in women. This article describes the role of mitochondria-led epigenetics involved in ovarian aging and discusses strategies to restore epigenetic reprogramming in oocytes by preserving, protecting, or promoting mitochondrial function.
Research on the efficiency and spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of agricultural green development in central cities of the Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Han Guanghui , Yang Haichao , Xie Hui
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Agricultural green development (AGD) prioritizes sustainable growth by integrating economic, ecological, and social dimensions, aiming to harmonize agricultural economic development with environmental protection and social progress.

Methods

This study integrates the three-stage super-efficiency DEA-SBM model with the BP algorithm, creating an advanced DEA-SBM-BP model to overcome the shortcomings of traditional DEA in evaluation and management processes. The study further applies the Dagum Gini coefficient, kernel density estimation (KDE), and Moran’s index to assess and forecast the efficiency and spatiotemporal evolution patterns of green agricultural development in key cities within the Yangtze River Delta.

Results

The analysis shows that AGD in the central city of the Yangtze River Delta is overall balanced; however, substantial variations exist among cities within individual provinces. Factors like macroeconomic conditions, workforce quality, and policy support play a crucial role in promoting the efficiency of AGD. Among these, macroeconomic development level has a negative impact, while labor quality and policy support exhibit bidirectional effects. Infrastructure construction, digitalization of agricultural economy, and rural security have become key factors in the green development of modern agriculture. The green advancement of agriculture in the central Yangtze River Delta region typically exhibits a marked clustering effect; however, the local clustering reveals a trend toward dispersed development.

Discussion

Despite the emergence of new characteristics in agricultural production in China within the context of high-quality development, differences in resource endowments and economic structures among cities continue to be significant factors contributing to regional imbalances and changes in the agglomeration patterns of agricultural development.
Assessing the impact of contraceptive use on reproductive cancer risk among women of reproductive age—a systematic review
Authors: Jahanfar Shayesteh , Mortazavi Julie , Lapidow Amy , Cu Cassandra , Al Abosy Jude , Morris Kathyrn , Becerra-Mateus Juan Camilo , Steinfeldt Meredith , Maurer Olivia , Bohang Jiang , Andrenacci Paola , Badawy Marwa , Ali Moazzam
Published: November 2024

Background

Contraceptives play a crucial role in women's reproductive health, their hormonal components may be linked to cancer risks, specifically breast, and gynecological cancers. Given the high usage rates of hormonal contraceptives, it is vital to systematically evaluate their potential impact on cancer outcomes, especially among women with a family history of gynecological cancers.

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the evidence on the association between modern contraceptive use and the risk of breast and reproductive cancers (ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer) among women of reproductive age, to inform healthcare providers, women, and program managers about cancer outcomes related to contraceptive use.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Searches were performed in databases such as CINAHL, OVID Medline, EMBASE, and more from inception to February 2022. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies that compared cancer outcomes between contraceptive users and non-users. Data extraction, quality assessment, and meta-analyses were conducted following predefined protocols. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses examined variations in contraceptive methods, doses, and duration.

Results

A total of 51 studies were included, comprising 2 RCTs and 49 observational studies. The review identified a significant reduction in ovarian and endometrial cancer incidence among contraceptive users. Hormonal contraceptive users had a 36% lower risk of ovarian cancer (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.60–0.68), with specific reductions seen in combined oral contraceptive users (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.57–0.68) and hormonal IUD users (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.48–0.96). The rate ratio of cervical cancer was higher among non- users compared to hormonal contraceptive users when we pooled the results (1.28, 95% CI 1.21, 1.35). No significant association was found between contraceptive use and breast cancer risk among healthy women (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.94–1.06). However, BRCA1/2 mutation carriers using oral contraceptives showed a heightened risk of breast cancer (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.15–1.67).

Conclusion

This systematic review highlights the protective effects of modern contraceptives against ovarian and endometrial cancers while identifying an increased risk of cervical. No significant breast cancer risk was found for healthy women, but BRCA1/2 mutation carriers faced increased risks. These findings underscore the need for personalized contraceptive counselling that considers cancer risk factors. Further research is needed to explore contraceptive impacts across different genetic profiles and dosing regimens.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, Prospero (CRD42022332647).
Africanized honeybee venom (Apis mellifera) promotes human complement activation split products storm
Authors: Silva de França Felipe , de Oliveira Orsi Ricardo , Fernandes Dayanne Carla , Leonel Thyago Bispo , Tambourgi Denise V.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Complement activation split products are signatures of many immunopathological disorders. Among the laboratory findings observed in these diseases, a reduction in the level of circulating intact complement components can be mentioned, and this change has also been detected in envenomation by multiple Africanized honeybee (Apis mellifera) stings. Although envenomation by these animals elicits diverse life-threatening reactions, the capacity of bee venom (AmV) to activate the human complement system remains elusive.

Methods and findings

By coupling immunochemical and functional approaches, it was observed that AmV strongly consumes components of the alternative pathway (AP) of the complement system in normal human serum (NHS). Additionally, AmV interfered with classical (CP) and lectin pathways (LP) activities. In parallel, a high increase in Ba fragment levels was detected, suggesting that the changes in AP activity were due to its activation. Furthermore, an increase in the level of the C1s-C1INH complex and a decrease in the physiological level of MASP1-C1INH suggested that CP and LP were also activated in the presence of AmV. Strikingly, NHS exposed to increasing AmV concentrations varying from 5 to 1000 µg/mL presented a high generation of C3a, C4a and C5a anaphylatoxins, and sC5b-9 complexes assembly, thus reinforcing that AmV triggers complement activation.

Conclusion

These results show that AmV is a strong complement activator. This activation presents a mixed profile, with a predominance of AP activation. This suggests that complement split products can play important roles in the envenomation by Africanized honeybee, as they could induce diverse immunopathological events observed in patients and may also dictate patient clinical prognosis.
circFOXP1: a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target in human diseases
Authors: Yi Qiang , Ouyang Xinting , Zhong Kui , Chen Zheng , Zhu Weijian , Zhu Gangfeng , Zhong Jinghua
Published: November 2024

Circular RNA (circRNA) are a unique class of non-coding RNAs characterized by their covalently closed loop structures, which grant them properties such as stability and conservation. Among these, circFOXP1 has been implicated in various diseases, including cancers, respiratory, skeletal, and cardiovascular disorders. This review systematically examines circFOXP1’s role in disease progression, highlighting its involvement in critical biological processes, including cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and autophagy. Mechanistically, circFOXP1 functions through miRNA sponging, protein interactions, and modulation of key signaling pathways such as Wnt and PI3K/AKT. We discuss its potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic target. Our analysis also identifies key unresolved questions, such as the precise regulatory networks involving circFOXP1 and its translation potential, offering pathways for future research.
Impact of induction agents and maintenance immunosuppression on torque teno virus loads and year-one complications after kidney transplantation
Authors: Reineke Marvin , Speer Claudius , Bundschuh Christian , Klein Julian A. F. , Loi Lisa , Sommerer Claudia , Zeier Martin , Schnitzler Paul , Morath Christian , Benning Louise
Published: November 2024

Background

Torque teno virus load (TTVL) is gaining importance as a surrogate parameter to assess immunocompetence in kidney transplant recipients. Although the dynamics of TTVL have been investigated before, the impact of different induction agents and variations in immunosuppressive maintenance therapies on TTVL remain unknown.

Methods

In this retrospective study, TTVL was quantified in 537 plasma or serum samples from 134 patients transplanted between 2018 and 2021. TTVL was examined pre-transplantation and 30-, 90-, 180-, and 360-days post-transplant. To assess the influence of induction therapy on TTVL, 67 patients receiving anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) induction were matched with 67 patients receiving an interleukin-2 receptor antagonist (IL2-RA) induction in terms of age, sex, and donor modality.

Results

Following transplantation, there was a steep increase in TTVL post-transplant for all patients with peak viral loads at 90 days post-transplant (median TTVL [IQR] 7.97×106, [4.50×105–1.12×108]) followed by subsequently declining viral loads. Compared to patients receiving IL2-RA as induction therapy, patients receiving ATG had significantly higher peak viral loads 3 months post-transplant (median TTVL [IQR] 2.82×107 [3.93×106–1.30×108] vs. median TTVL [IQR] 2.40×106 [5.73×104–2.60×107]; P<0.001). Throughout all post-transplant time points, patients receiving additional rituximab for induction along with higher tacrolimus target levels exhibited the highest TTVL.

Patients whose TTVL 3-months post-transplant exceeded the currently proposed cutoff to predict infections within the first year post-transplant [6.2 log10] showed a trend towards a higher risk of being hospitalized with an infection in the following 9 months, albeit without being statistically significant (HR=1.642, P=0.07).

Conclusions

Higher TTVL reflects the greater immunosuppressive burden in immunological high-risk patients receiving intensive immunosuppression. The choice of induction agent and intensified immunosuppressive maintenance therapy notably affects TTVL at 3 months post-transplant and beyond, necessitating careful consideration when interpreting and applying TTVL cutoffs to monitor immunocompetence post-transplant.
Evaluation of sea surface temperature from ocean reanalysis products over the North Indian Ocean
Authors: Rahman Raheema , Rahaman Hasibur
Published: November 2024

Ocean and sea ice reanalyses (ORAs or ocean syntheses) are reconstructions of the ocean and sea ice states using an ocean model integration constrained by atmospheric surface forcing and ocean observations via a data assimilation method. Ocean reanalyses are a valuable tool for monitoring and understanding long-term ocean variability at depth, mainly because this part of the ocean is still largely unobserved. Sea surface temperature (SST) is the key variable that drives the air–sea interaction process on different time scales. Despite improvements in model and reanalysis schemes, ocean reanalyses show errors when evaluated with independent observations. The independent evaluation studies of SST from ocean reanalysis over the Indian Ocean are limited. In this study, we evaluated the SST from 10 reanalysis products (ECCO, BRAN, SODA, NCEP-GODAS, GODAS-MOM4p1, ORAS5, CGLORS, GLORYS2V4, GLOSEA, and GREP) and five synthetic observation products (COBE, ERSST, OISST, OSTIA, and HadISST) and from the pure observation-based product AMSR2 for 2012–2017 with 12 in-situ buoy observations (OMNI) over the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. Even though the reanalysis and observational products perform very well in the open ocean, the performance is poorer near the coast and islands. The reanalysis products perform comparatively better than most of the observational products. COBE and OISST perform better among the synthetic observational products in the northern Indian Ocean. GODAS-MOM4p1 and GREP performs best among the reanalysis products, often surpassing the observational products. ECCO shows poorer performance and higher bias in the Bay of Bengal. Comparing the BRAN daily and monthly SST, the monthly SST performance of reanalysis is better than the daily time scale.
Diel vertical migration rates of the dinoflagellate species Margalefidinium polykrikoides in a lower Chesapeake Bay tributary
Authors: Clayton Sophie , Chrabot Jacqueline B. , Echevarria Michael , Gibala-Smith Leah , Mogatas Kathryn , Bernhardt Peter , Mulholland Margaret R.
Published: November 2024

Margalefidinium polykrikoides is a mixotrophic dinoflagellate harmful algal bloom (HAB) species that blooms annually in the lower Chesapeake Bay. M. polykrikoides undertakes a diel vertical migration (DVM) which may give it a competitive advantage over purely phototrophic organisms who cannot access deeper nutrient pools and allow it to form large toxic blooms. Laboratory-based estimates of M. polykrikoides’ DVM rates suggest that it is one of the fastest known dinoflagellate swimmers and understanding this behavior is likely important for modeling and predicting M. polykrikoides blooms. However, to date, no field-derived estimates of M. polykrikoides’ DVM rates have been made in the Chesapeake Bay. In this study, we conducted four targeted field experiments to investigate the DVM of M. polykrikoides in the Lafayette River, a sub-tributary of the Chesapeake Bay. Vertical profiles of chlorophyll a fluorescence collected at least every 2 h over diel periods were used to track the DVM of M. polykrikoides during blooms. The maximum observed DVM rate for M. polykrikoides was 2.5 m h−1, with mean DVM rates around 1.3 m h−1 for both ascents and descents. As in studies from other regions, our results show that M. polykrikoides’ ascent to/descent from the surface initiates before sunrise/sunset, suggesting phototaxis is not the primary trigger of their DVM. However, unlike in other studies where M. polykrikoides was observed to modulate its DVM to avoid excessively warm temperatures (≥30°C), we do not observe active thermotaxic avoidance, despite ambient temperatures exceeding their optimal threshold.
Bioleaching of lithium from jadarite, spodumene, and lepidolite using Acidiothiobacillus ferrooxidans
Authors: Kirk Rebecca D. , Newsome Laura , Falagan Carmen , Hudson-Edwards Karen A.
Published: November 2024

Lithium (Li) is becoming increasingly important due to its use in clean technologies that are required for the transition to net zero. Although acidophilic bioleaching has been used to recover metals from a wide range of deposits, its potential to recover Li has not yet been fully explored. In this study, we used a model Fe(II)- and S-oxidising bacterium, Acidiothiobacillus ferrooxidans (At. Ferrooxidans), to extract Li from three different minerals and kinetic modelling to predict the dominant reaction pathways for Li release. Bioleaching of Li from the aluminosilicate minerals lepidolite (K(Li,Al)3(Al,Si,Rb)4O10(F,OH)2) and spodumene (LiAl(Si2O6)) was slow, with only up to 14% (approximately 12 mg/L) of Li released over 30 days. By contrast, At. ferrooxidans accelerated Li leaching from a Li-bearing borosilicate clay (jadarite, LiNaB3SiO7OH) by over 50% (over 120 mg/L) in 21 days of leaching, and consistently enhanced Li release throughout the experiment compared to the uninoculated control. Biofilm formation and flocculation of sediment occurred exclusively in the experiments with At. ferrooxidans and jadarite. Fe(II) present in the jadarite-bearing clay acted as an electron donor. Chemical leaching of Li from jadarite using H2SO4 was most effective, releasing approximately 75% (180 mg/L) of Li, but required more acid than bioleaching for pH control. Kinetic modelling was unable to replicate the data for jadarite bioleaching after primary abiotic leaching stages, suggesting additional processes beyond chemical leaching were responsible for the release of Li. A new crystalline phase, tentatively identified as boric acid, was observed to form after acid leaching of jadarite. Overall, the results demonstrate the potential for acidophilic bioleaching to recover Li from jadarite, with relevance for other Li-bearing deposits.
Contrastive learning for neural fingerprinting from limited neuroimaging data
Authors: Kampel Nikolas , Abdellatif Farah , Shah N. Jon , Neuner Irene , Dammers Jürgen
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Neural fingerprinting is a technique used to identify individuals based on their unique brain activity patterns. While deep learning techniques have been demonstrated to outperform traditional correlation-based methods, they often require retraining to accommodate new subjects. Furthermore, the limited availability of samples in neuroscience research can impede the quick adoption of deep learning methods, presenting a challenge for their broader application in neural fingerprinting.

Methods

This study addresses these challenges by using contrastive learning to eliminate the need for retraining with new subjects and developing a data augmentation methodology to enhance model robustness in limited sample size conditions. We utilized the LEMON dataset, comprising 3 Tesla MRI and resting-state fMRI scans from 138 subjects, to compute functional connectivity as a baseline for fingerprinting performance based on correlation metrics. We adapted a recent deep learning model by incorporating data augmentation with short random temporal segments for training and reformulated the fingerprinting task as a contrastive problem, comparing the efficacy of contrastive triplet loss against conventional cross-entropy loss.

Results

The results of this study confirm that deep learning methods can significantly improve fingerprinting performance over correlation-based methods, achieving an accuracy of about 98% in identifying a single subject out of 138 subjects utilizing 39 different functional connectivity profiles.

Discussion

The contrastive method showed added value in the “leave subject out” scenario, demonstrating flexibility comparable to correlation-based methods and robustness across different data sizes. These findings suggest that contrastive learning and data augmentation offer a scalable solution for neural fingerprinting, even with limited sample sizes.
Impact of serum carotenoids on cardiovascular mortality risk in middle-aged and elderly adults with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Han Jing , Wang Ruiyun , Bai Lijuan , Liu Yun , Liao Man , Zhang Liting , Liu Lihua , Qi Benling
Published: November 2024

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by abdominal adiposity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, is associated with dysregulated immune function, elevated oxidative stress, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Aging exacerbates insulin resistance and the prevalence of MetS. Dietary antioxidants, such as carotenoids, may play a role in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, but evidence remains mixed, particularly among middle-aged and elderly individuals with MetS.

Methods

We analyzed data from 6,601 participants aged 40 years and above with MetS from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988–1994) and NHANES 2001–2006 cycles. Serum concentrations of α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin, and combined lutein/zeaxanthin were quantified. Participants were followed for a median of 16.8 years. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to assess the association between serum carotenoid concentrations and CVD mortality risk, with adjustment for potential confounders.

Results

During the follow-up period, 1,237 CVD deaths were identified. Analysis revealed an inverse dose–response relationship between serum lycopene levels and cardiovascular mortality risk. Compared to the lowest quartile, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for ascending quartiles of serum lycopene were 0.84 (0.71, 1.00), 0.87 (0.74, 1.03), and 0.77 (0.61, 0.97), with a significant trend (p = 0.039). No significant associations were observed for other carotenoids.

Conclusion

In this prospective cohort study of 40-year-old and older individuals with MetS, we observed an inverse association between serum lycopene levels and CVD mortality risk.
The effects of non-nutritive sweeteners on energy and macronutrients intake in adults: a grade-assessed systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Rostampour Kimia , Moghtaderi Fatemeh , Najafi AmirHossein , Seyedjafari Behnaz , Salehi-Abargouei Amin
Published: November 2024

Objectives

The effect of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) on long-term satiety is not well understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to investigate the effect of NNSs on long-term total energy and macronutrients intake.

Methods

Online databases including Scopus, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched up to September 2024 to find relevant randomized control trials (RCTs). A random effects model was used for estimating the overall effects.

Results

The results showed a reducing effect of NNSs consumption vs. sugar on total energy intake [total energy intake change = −175.26 kcal/day, 95% confidence interval (CI): −296.47 to −54.06, I2 = 61.19%] and carbohydrate intake [Hedges’ g = −0.35, 95% CI: −0.63 to −0.06, I2 = 58.99%]. While, NNSs intake vs. water was not associated with significant change in total energy intake [total energy intake change = 29.94 kcal/day, 95% CI: −70.37 to 130.24, I2 = 34.98%] and carbohydrate intake [Hedges’ g = 0.28, 95% CI: −0.02 to 0.58, I2 = 65.26%]. The Consumption of NNSs compared to the either sugar or water did not have a significant effect on fat intake [Hedges’ g sugar = 0.08, 95% CI: −0.10 to 0.26, I2 = 8.73%/ fat intake change water = 0.20 g/day, 95% CI: −3.48 to 3.88, I2 = 0%] and Protein intake [Hedges’ g sugar = 0.16, 95% CI: −0.11 to 0.42, I2 = 50.83%/Hedges’ g water = 0.00, 95% CI: −0.15 to 0.16, I2 = 0%].

Conclusion

In summary, our findings suggest that NNSs consumption may be effective in reducing total energy and carbohydrate intake compared to sugar.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=432816, CRD42023432816.
Association between lower geriatric nutritional risk index and low cognitive functions in United States older adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Jiuling , Oorloff Melysze Deanne , Nadella Adithya , Zhou Ning , Ye Min , Tang Yifeng , Wang Yuanwei
Published: November 2024

Background

We aimed to explore the association between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and the risk of low cognitive functions among older adults in the United States (US).

Methods

Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) database, a cross-sectional analysis was conducted. The GNRI served as a tool for evaluating the nutritional status of participants, who were categorized into two groups based on their initial GNRI scores: those with scores >98 indicating normal nutrition, and those with scores ≤98 indicating malnutrition. Cognitive function was assessed using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease word list learning test (CERAD W-L), the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), the Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and the composite-z score which was calculated by summing the z scores of individual tests, respectively. Weighted multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between GNRI and cognitive function. Interaction and stratified analyses were conducted.

Results

Among a sample of 2,925 individuals aged 60 years or older, 51.3% were women. Among these individuals, 233 were identified as malnourished. Weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that individuals with malnutrition had an increased risk of low cognitive function, as evidenced by lower CERAD W-L scores (OR:1.68, 95%CI 1.19–2.36, p = 0.003), AFT scores (OR: 1.74, 95%CI 1.26–2.41, p = 0.009), DSST scores (OR:1.63, 95%CI 1.11–2.38, p = 0.012), or composite z-scores (OR:1.87, 95%CI 1.29–2.71, p = 0.001). According to the variables evaluated, the interaction effects between low GNRI level and the elderly and stroke in specific cognitive domains were significant (P interaction < 0.05).

Conclusion

Lower GNRI level is associated with significantly low cognitive function among older adults, particularly among those who have experienced a stroke or the elderly (aged 70 years and older) population.
A case of ovarian mesothelioma with VHL mutation diagnosed by immunohistochemistry and literature review
Authors: Yao Ye , Yan Hao , Xiong Jing , Duan Yaqi
Published: November 2024

The malignant mesothelioma mainly develops in the pleura and peritoneum, while primary ovarian mesothelioma is very rare. Here, we report the first case of primary ovarian mesothelioma (clear cell variant) with VHL mutations in the world based on the results of histomorphology, immunohistochemistry, and genetic testing. This is an extremely rare type of tumor that has not been reported so far. Through the literature search, we reviewed primary ovarian mesothelioma, focusing on its differential diagnosis and molecular genetics. The purpose of this paper is to deepen the flexible selection and application of immunohistochemical markers in mesothelioma, so as to reduce missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.
β-blockers and statins: exploring the potential off-label applications in breast, colorectal, prostate, and lung cancers
Authors: Braga Pedro Gabriel Senger , Vieira Janaína da Silva , Gurgel Aline Rachel Bezerra , Brum Patricia Chakur
Published: November 2024

Despite advances in cancer treatment, current cancer incidence and prevalence still demand multimodal treatments to enhance survival and clinical outcomes. Drugs used in cardiology, such as β-blockers and statins have gained attention for their potential roles in oncology. This review focused on their possible complementary use in solid tumors, including breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers. The involvement of the autonomic nervous system in promoting tumor growth can be disrupted by β-blockers, potentially hindering cancer progression. Statins, known for their pleiotropic effects, may also inhibit cancer growth by reducing cholesterol availability, a key factor in cell proliferation. We will provide an update on the impact of these therapies on cancer treatment and surveillance, discuss the underlying mechanisms, and explore their effects on the heart, contributing to the growing field of cardio-oncology.
Impostor phenomenon short scale (IPSS-3): a novel measure to capture impostor feelings in large-scale and longitudinal surveys
Authors: Jansen Max P.
Published: November 2024

The Imposter Phenomenon (IP) is gaining increasing attention in academia, not only as an overall attractive research topic but also as a concern that especially affects members of minority groups. Nevertheless, there is little evidence for the occurrence and socio-structural correlates of the IP. Against the backdrop of a pressing need to contextualize the IP, this paper provides (1) an overview of the existing empirical evidence on the IP from a perspective that incorporates the role of social contexts, (2) highlights shortcomings in both existing theoretical approaches and methodological tools, (3) introduces the Impostor Phenomenon Short Scale (IPSS-3) as a novel, time-efficient and universally applicable IP measure, and (4) underscores that the IP, in fact, does not occur in a social vacuum but is closely intertwined with socio-structural characteristics. To this end, the paper draws on three distinct data sets gathered among German adolescents and adults for the development of the IPSS-3 (Study 1: n = 271), its validation (Study 2: n = 427), and to assess the IP’s socio-structural correlates (Study 3: n = 865). The findings demonstrate that the IPSS-3 represents the first time-efficient and universally applicable instrument suitable for capturing the IP in large-scale and longitudinal research designs, e.g., initiated in adolescence. Thus, the IPSS-3 can address key open questions related to age effects, the role of transitions in the life course, and systematic variations in IP intensity among different social groups.