bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lipid order and charge protect killer T cells from accidental death
Authors: Rudd-Schmidt Jesse A. , Hodel Adrian W. , Noori Tahereh , Lopez Jamie A. , Cho Hyun-Jung , Verschoor Sandra , Ciccone Annette , Trapani Joseph A. , Hoogenboom Bart W. , Voskoboinik Ilia
Published: November 2019

Killer T cells (cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CTLs) maintain immune homoeostasis by eliminating virus-infected and cancerous cells. CTLs achieve this by forming an immunological synapse with their targets and secreting a pore-forming protein (perforin) and pro-apoptotic serine proteases (granzymes) into the synaptic cleft. Although the CTL and the target cell are both exposed to perforin within the synapse, only the target cell membrane is disrupted, while the CTL is invariably spared. How CTLs escape unscathed remains a mystery. Here, we report that CTLs achieve this via two protective properties of their plasma membrane within the synapse: high lipid order repels perforin and, in addition, exposed phosphatidylserine sequesters and inactivates perforin. The resulting resistance of CTLs to perforin explains their ability to kill target cells in rapid succession and to survive these encounters. Furthermore, these mechanisms imply an unsuspected role for plasma membrane organization in protecting cells from immune attack.
Microstructure and corrosion evolution of additively manufactured aluminium alloy AA7075 as a function of ageing
Authors: Gharbi Oumaïma , Kumar Kairy Shravan , De Lima Paula Roberta , Jiang Derui , Nicklaus Juan , Birbilis Nick
Published: November 2019

Additively manufactured high strength aluminium (Al) alloy AA7075 was prepared using selective laser melting (SLM). High strength Al-alloys prepared by SLM have not been widely studied to date. The evolution of microstructure and hardness, with the attendant corrosion, were investigated. Additively manufactured AA7075 was investigated both in the “as-produced” condition and as a function of artificial ageing. The microstructure of specimens prepared was studied using electron microscopy. Production of AA7075 by SLM generated a unique microstructure, which was altered by solutionising and further altered by artificial ageing—resulting in microstructures distinctive to that of wrought AA7075-T6. The electrochemical response of additively manufactured AA7075 was dependent on processing history, and unique to wrought AA7075-T6, whereby dissolution rates were generally lower for additively manufactured AA7075. Furthermore, immersion exposure testing followed by microscopy, indicated different corrosion morphology for additively manufactured AA7075, whereby resultant pit size was notably smaller, in contrast to wrought AA7075-T6.
Parapharyngeal fat pad area at the subglosso-supraglottic level is associated with corresponding lateral wall collapse and apnea-hypopnea index in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a pilot study
Authors: Chen Hung-Chin , Wang Chao-Jan , Lo Yu-Lun , Hsu Hao-Chun , Huang Chung-Guei , Kuo I-Chun , Lu Yi-An , Hsin Li-Jen , Lin Wan-Ni , Fang Tuan-Jen , Li Hsueh-Yu , Lee Li-Ang
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study was to assess associations between fat pad areas at various anatomic levels and the sites of lateral wall collapse and disease severity in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Forty-one patients with OSA who prospectively underwent drug-induced sleep computed tomography were included. Areas of parapharyngeal fat pads and degrees of lateral wall collapse at three representative anatomic levels (nasopharynx, oropharynx, and subglosso-supraglottis), and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) were measured. In the subglosso-supraglottic region, the parapharyngeal fat pad area in 17 (41%) patients with complete lateral wall collapse was significantly larger than that in 24 (59%) patients without complete collapse (median, 236.0 mm2 vs 153.0 mm2; P = 0.02). In multivariate regression analysis, the parapharyngeal fat pad area at the subglosso-supraglottic level (β = 0.02; P = 0.01) and body mass index (β = 3.24; P = 0.01) were independently associated with AHI. Our preliminary results supported that parapharyngeal fat pads at the subglosso-supraglottic level may be involved in the development of lateral wall collapse and then determine the severity of OSA. Further studies are warranted to investigate the effect of reducing parapharyngeal fat pads in the treatment of OSA.
Redox activation of JNK2α2 mediates thyroid hormone-stimulated proliferation of neonatal murine cardiomyocytes
Authors: Tan Lin , Bogush Nikolay , Naib Hussain , Perry Jennifer , Calvert John W. , Martin David I. K. , Graham Robert M. , Naqvi Nawazish , Husain Ahsan
Published: November 2019

Mitochondria-generated reactive oxygen species (mROS) are frequently associated with DNA damage and cell cycle arrest, but physiological increases in mROS serve to regulate specific cell functions. T3 is a major regulator of mROS, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Here we show that exogenous thyroid hormone (T3) administration increases cardiomyocyte numbers in neonatal murine hearts. The mechanism involves signaling by mitochondria-generated H2O2 (mH2O2) acting via the redox sensor, peroxiredoxin-1, a thiol peroxidase with high reactivity towards H2O2 that activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase-2α2 (JNK2α2). JNK2α2, a relatively rare member of the JNK family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphorylates c-Jun, a component of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) early response transcription factor, resulting in enhanced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) expression and activation of proliferative ERK1/2 signaling. This non-canonical mechanism of MAPK activation couples T3 actions on mitochondria to cell cycle activation. Although T3 is regarded as a maturation factor for cardiomyocytes, these studies identify a novel redox pathway that is permissive for T3-mediated cardiomyocyte proliferation—this because of the expression of a pro-proliferative JNK isoform that results in growth factor elaboration and ERK1/2 cell cycle activation.
Convolutional Neural Networks enable efficient, accurate and fine-grained segmentation of plant species and communities from high-resolution UAV imagery
Authors: Kattenborn Teja , Eichel Jana , Fassnacht Fabian Ewald
Published: November 2019

Recent technological advances in remote sensing sensors and platforms, such as high-resolution satellite imagers or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), facilitate the availability of fine-grained earth observation data. Such data reveal vegetation canopies in high spatial detail. Efficient methods are needed to fully harness this unpreceded source of information for vegetation mapping. Deep learning algorithms such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are currently paving new avenues in the field of image analysis and computer vision. Using multiple datasets, we test a CNN-based segmentation approach (U-net) in combination with training data directly derived from visual interpretation of UAV-based high-resolution RGB imagery for fine-grained mapping of vegetation species and communities. We demonstrate that this approach indeed accurately segments and maps vegetation species and communities (at least 84% accuracy). The fact that we only used RGB imagery suggests that plant identification at very high spatial resolutions is facilitated through spatial patterns rather than spectral information. Accordingly, the presented approach is compatible with low-cost UAV systems that are easy to operate and thus applicable to a wide range of users.
Neural theta oscillations support semantic memory retrieval
Authors: Marko Martin , Cimrová Barbora , Riečanský Igor
Published: November 2019

Lexical–semantic retrieval emerges through the interactions of distributed prefrontal and perisylvian brain networks. Growing evidence suggests that synchronous theta band neural oscillations might play a role in this process, yet, their functional significance remains elusive. Here, we used transcranial alternating current stimulation to induce exogenous theta oscillations at 6 Hz (θ-tACS) over left prefrontal and posterior perisylvian cortex with a 180° (anti-phase) and 0° (in-phase) relative phase difference while participants performed automatic and controlled retrieval tasks. We demonstrate that θ-tACS significantly modulated the retrieval performance and its effects were both task- and phase-specific: the in-phase tACS impaired controlled retrieval, whereas the anti-phase tACS improved controlled but impaired automatic retrieval. These findings indicate that theta band oscillatory brain activity supports binding of semantically related representations via a phase-dependent modulation of semantic activation or maintenance.
Evaluation of Adsorptive Characteristics of Cow Dung and Rice Husk Ash for Removal of Aqueous Glyphosate and Aminomethylphoshonic Acid
Authors: Garba Jamilu , Samsuri Wahid Abd , Othman Radziah , Hamdani Muhammad Saiful Ahmad
Published: November 2019

Glyphosate (GLY) is a major herbicide used throughout the world, and its continuous application has become an environmental issue. Adsorption is an important mechanism for removing organic contaminant in water. The present study characterized cow dung (CD) and rice husk ash (RHA), and determined the adsorption-desorption of GLY and its metabolite, aminomethylphoshonic acid (AMPA), on to them. The results revealed that both CD and RHA were alkaline and had no or low content of arsenic, cadmium, chromium and lead. The CD had lower surface area (13.104 mg2g−1) than RHA (21.500 m2g−1). The CD contained amines, phenol, ethers and carboxylic functional groups, while in addition to carboxylic and ether, RHA contains siloxane. Both CD and RHA had high affinities for GLY and AMPA. The Freundlich sorption coefficient (Kf) on AMPA were 2.915 and 2.660 for CD and RHA, respectively, while the values on GLY were 1.168 and 1.166 (mg g−1) for CD and RHA, respectively. Desorption of GLY only occurred at lower concentrations, while no desorption of AMPA was recorded, indicating their strong adsorption on CD and RHA. Considering their availabilities and affordable prices, both CD and RHA can be recommended as economical adsorbent for the removal of GLY and AMPA.
Cytolytic Activity of Effector T-lymphocytes Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma is Improved by Dendritic Cells Pulsed with Pooled Tumor Antigens
Authors: Chieochansin Thaweesak , Thepmalee Chutamas , Grainok Janya , Junking Mutita , Yenchitsomanus Pa-thai
Published: November 2019

Cellular immunotherapy is a promising new therapeutic approach for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has a high recurrence rate, irrespective of the treatment administered. In this study, we attempted to improve the cytolytic activity of effector T-lymphocytes against HCC. T-lymphocytes were activated by monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with cell lysate or RNA prepared from HCC cell lines. Monocytes were activated for differentiation into DCs by treatment with the IL4 and GM-CSF. DCs were pulsed with cell lysate or RNA prepared from a single cell line or combinations of two or three HCC cell lines, and then co-cultured with autologous T-lymphocytes with the intent of creating specific cytotoxicity. We discovered that DCs pulsed with total RNA effectuated greater T-lymphocyte function than DCs pulsed with total cell lysate, as evidenced by greater cytolytic activities against HCC target cells. The percentage of Huh7, HepG2, and SNU449 cell apoptosis at effector:target ratio of 10:1 was 42.6 ± 4.5% (p = 0.01), 33.6 ± 3.1% (p = 0.007), and 21.4 ± 1.4% (p < 0.001), respectively. DCs pulsed with pools of antigens prepared from three cell lines improved the cytolytic function of effector T-lymphocytes by approximately two-fold (p < 0.001), which suggests that this approach be further developed and applied for adoptive transfer treatment of HCC.
The Use of Heated Tobacco Products is Associated with Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, and Atopic Dermatitis in Korean Adolescents
Authors: Lee Ahnna , Lee Sook Young , Lee Kang-Sook
Published: November 2019

The increasing use of new and emerging tobacco products has raised public health concern worldwide. This study aimed to assess the association between tobacco product use and the risk of allergic diseases. We used cross-sectional data of 58,336 students aged 12–18 years from the 2018 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. This study considered three tobacco products, namely cigarettes, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), and heated tobacco products. Descriptive analyses, as well as simple and multinomial logistic regression analyses with a complex sampling design, were performed. Multiple tobacco use had an association with the risk of each allergic disease. Use of each tobacco product was significantly associated with an increased risk of multi-morbidity of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Furthermore, lifetime use of each tobacco product was associated with the prevalence of atopic dermatitis. This highlights the importance of paying close attention to smoking by adolescents and its association with allergy epidemics. Future research should consider intensity of smoking and/or severity of allergic symptoms.
Cardiolipin is an Optimal Phospholipid for the Assembly, Stability, and Proper Functionality of the Dimeric Form of NhaA Na+/H+ Antiporter
Authors: Rimon Abraham , Mondal Ramakanta , Friedler Assaf , Padan Etana
Published: November 2019

Cardiolipin (CL) was shown to bound to the dimer interface of NhaA Na+/H+ antiporter. Here, we explore the cardiolipin-NhaA interaction both in vitro and in vivo. Using a novel and straightforward in-vitro assay in which n-dodecyl β-D maltoside (DDM) detergent is used to delipidate the dimer interface and to split the dimers into monomers; the monomers are subsequently exposed to cardiolipin or the other E. coli phospholipids. Most efficient reconstitution of dimers is observed by cardiolipin. This assay is likely to be applicable to future studies of protein–lipid interactions. In-vivo experiments further reveal that cardiolipin is necessary for NhaA survival. Although less efficient phosphatidyl-glycerol (PG) can also reconstitute NhaA monomers to dimers. We also identify a putative cardiolipin binding site. Our observations may contribute to drug design, as human NhaA homologues, which are involved in severe pathologies, might also require specific phospholipids.
Identification of potential molecular pathogenesis mechanisms modulated by microRNAs in patients with Intestinal Neuronal Dysplasia type B
Authors: Angelini Marcos C. , Silva Alana Maia e. , Felix Tainara F. , Lapa Rainer M. L. , Terra Simone A. , Rodrigues Maria A. M. , Ortolan Erika V. P. , Reis Patricia P. , Lourenção Pedro L. T. A.
Published: November 2019

This study proposed to determine global microRNA (miRNA) expression and miRNA-regulated pathways in Intestinal Neuronal Dysplasia type B (IND-B). Fifty patients (0–15 years old) with IND-B were included in the study. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all 50 patients and from 10 healthy asymptomatic children (controls). Rectal biopsies were collected from 29/50 patients; biopsy tissues were needle microdissected to isolate the different intestinal layers, for molecular analysis. Global miRNA expression was determined using TaqMan arrays. Correlation analysis between miRNA expression in plasma and biopsy samples as well as among tissues derived from the distinct intestinal layers was performed. Computational approaches were used for miRNA target prediction/identification of miRNA-regulated genes and enriched pathways biologically relevant to IND-B pathogenesis. miRNAs were statistically significantly deregulated (FC ≥ 2 and p ≤ 0.05) in submucosal and muscular layers: over-expressed (miR-146a and miR-146b) and under-expressed (miR-99a, miR-100, miR-130a, miR-133b, miR-145, miR-365, miR-374-5p, miR-451). Notably, let-7a-5p was highly over-expressed in patient plasma compared to healthy controls (FC = 17.4). In addition, miR-451 was significantly under-expressed in both plasma and all biopsy tissues from the same patients. Enriched pathways (p < 0.01) were axon guidance, nerve growth factor signalling, NCAM signalling for neurite out-growth, neuronal system and apoptosis. miRNA expression is deregulated in the submucosa and muscular layers of the rectum and detected in plasma from patients with IND-B. Biologically enriched pathways regulated by the identified miRNAs may play a role in IND-B disease pathogenesis, due to the activity related to the neurons of the enteric nervous system.
Author Correction: Co-expression of Cas9 and single-guided RNAs in Escherichia coli streamlines production of Cas9 ribonucleoproteins
Authors: Qiao Jie , Li Wenqiang , Lin Siyu , Sun Wenli , Ma Lixin , Liu Yi
Published: November 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Zinc and Cancer Prevention
Authors: Romualdo G. R. , da Silva F. R. M. , Zapaterini J. R. , Tablas M. B. , Barbisan L. F.
Published: November 2019

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient that performs several structural, catalytic and regulatory functions that are involved in key cellular processes, such as oxidative stress response, immunological function, DNA repair, cell proliferation, apoptosis and others. Alterations in Zn homeostasis may contribute to the emergence and progression of different types of cancer. Indeed, highly incident geographical areas for esophagus, stomach and liver cancers directly overlap the ones with increased risk of Zn deficiency worldwide, suggesting an underlying role of this nutritional imbalance in carcinogenesis. Indeed, low serum, plasma and/or tissue Zn concentrations are common features of these cancer patients. As such, experimental data indicates that dietary Zn deficiency predisposes the development of preneoplastic and neoplastic esophageal, gastric and hepatic lesions in different rodent models. These studies also suggest the beneficial roles of Zn replenishment and supplementation on carcinogenesis. Regarding mammary carcinogenesis, data is sometimes inconsistent, depending on complex Zn homeostasis in premalignant/malignant breast tissue, as well as on the period of Zn exposure (early-in-life or adult phase). Therefore, this chapter glances at some of the key biological roles of this micronutrient and sheds light on how dietary zinc deficiency, replenishment and supplementation modifies carcinogenesis, focusing on the main effects and molecular mechanisms.
Maternal and Paternal Nutrition and Developmental Origins of Breast Cancer
Authors: Silva L. B. A. R. , da Cruz R. S. , Fontelles C. C. , Andrade F. O. , Hilakivi-Clarke L. , de Assis S. , Ong T. P.
Published: November 2019

Accumulating epidemiological and experimental evidence indicate that breast cancer has an origin in early life. During the in utero stage, the mammary gland undergoes extensive modeling and remodeling that involves intense cell proliferation and differentiation. At this critical developmental stage, the mammary gland displays high plasticity and is especially prone to environment-induced disturbances. Maternal exposure to hormones, toxicants, and inadequate diet during gestation has been shown to alter mammary gland development in the fetus and increase breast cancer risk in adulthood. Alterations at the level of epigenetic control of gene expression and in stem cell number and function have been proposed as potential mechanisms underlying maternal breast cancer programming. More recently, the impact of paternal diet during preconception on female offspring breast cancer risk was shown. Because breast cancer is a major global public health problem, innovative preventive strategies are urgently needed. A life-course approach represents a promising option, where preventive measures are adopted throughout a woman’s life. In this case, attention should be directed towards windows of susceptibility to breast cancer starting already in early life. Improving maternal diet and metabolic health during key developmental stages, including preconception, gestation and lactation, represents a focal point in preventing breast cancer. In addition, preconception from a male perspective should also be integrated in a life-course approach model to breast cancer prevention.
Nutrition, (Cancer-)Stem Cells and Cancer Prevention
Authors: Mahn F. L. , Franck S. , Czauderna C. , Marquardt J. U.
Published: November 2019

Stem cells possess the unique properties of self-renewal, indefinite proliferation capacity as well as the ability to differentiate into different cellular lineages. These intrinsic properties placed stem cells in the focus of research for diverse medical applications during the last decades. However, several of these properties are also crucial for tumor development and progression. Based on these observations, the so-called cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis emerged to become a central dogma in cancer research. The hypothesis infers that the “evil twin” of adult stem cells, the CSCs, quiescently rest at the apex of tumor formation and, upon activation by adequate stimuli, induce tumor formation. Besides tumor initiation, CSCs are held responsible for seeding of distant metastasis and relapse as well as chemoresistance. These properties render CSCs highly attractive targets for therapeutic as well as preventive approaches. Given the unique characteristics of CSCs, as well as their longevity, it is now generally accepted that CSCs are highly affected by environmental processes and dietary factors. This chapter summarizes our current understanding of CSCs, with a particular focus on the importance of nutrition for induction, progression and targeting of CSCs. We will also delineate how dietary interventions might be explored for preventive approaches.
Preparation of graphene oxide and its application for improving the properties of an electrochemical sensor for the determination of bambuterol hydrochloride in real samples
Authors: Zhang Yue , E Yifeng , Wang Yi , Li Donghui , Liu Yuting
Published: November 2019

In this study, an ion-selective electrode modified with graphene oxide (GO) was developed to determine bambuterol hydrochloride (BAM)viaan electrochemical method.
Application of dissolvable Mg/Al layered double hydroxides as an adsorbent for the dispersive solid phase extraction of gold nanoparticles prior to their determination by atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: Choleva Tatiana G. , Giokas Dimosthenis L.
Published: November 2019

In this work, dissolvable layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were used for the first time for the extraction and preconcentration of metallic nanoparticles from water samples.
A fluorogenic probe for tracking GSH flux in developing neurons
Authors: Zong Haichao , Peng Jiayi , Li Xiao-Rong , Liu Meng , Hu Yongzhou , Li Jia , Zang Yi , Li Xin , James Tony D.
Published: November 2019

We have developed an ultrasensitive assay for GSH in order to help uncover its role in neuronal development.
α-Borylalkyl radicals: their distinctive reactivity in modern organic synthesis
Authors: Kumar Nivesh , Reddy Reddy Rajasekhar , Eghbarieh Nadim , Masarwa Ahmad
Published: November 2019

In this review, we emphasise the importance of the generation of α-boryl carbon-centred radicals and their utilisation in synthesis.
Gold nanoclusters for ratiometric sensing of pH in extremely acidic media
Authors: Bonanno Adele , Pérez-Herráez Irene , Zaballos-García Elena , Pérez-Prieto Julia
Published: November 2019

AuNCs capped with β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate exhibit an outstanding performance as ratiometric, fluorescent pH sensors in extremely acid media (0.6–2.7) and in the 7.0–9.2 pH range; the nanocluster itself is the fluorophore.
Statistical molecular fragmentation: which parameters influence the branching ratios?
Authors: Désesquelles Pierre , Van-Oanh Nguyen-Thi , Thomas Sébastien , Domin Dominik
Published: November 2019

Our recently developed statistical model for molecular fragmentation (SMF) is used to study the decomposition of propane and to predict thermodynamically controlled yields of products as a function of excitation energy deposited into propane.
Facile synthesis of self-supported amorphous phosphorus-doped Ni(OH)2 composite anodes for efficient water oxidation
Authors: Yuan Gang , Hu Yujie , Wang Zihan , Wang Qiwei , Wang Li , Zhang Xiangwen , Wang Qingfa
Published: November 2019

Self-supporting phosphorus-doped Ni(OH)2 anodes were synthesized via a facile one-pot hydrothermal method. They are promising for real applications with low fabrication cost, high activity, long stability, and fast responses to current changes.
Tailorable synthesis of heterogeneous enzyme–copper nanobiohybrids and their application in the selective oxidation of benzene to phenol
Authors: Losada-García Noelia , Rodríguez-Otero Alba , Palomo Jose M.
Published: November 2019

A new strategy has been developed for the tailor-made synthesis of copper nanoparticle (CuNPs)-enzyme biohybrids in aqueous media for selective benzene monohydroxylation.
On the way to full-field X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy imaging with coded apertures
Authors: Kulow Anicó , Buzanich Ana Guilherme , Reinholz Uwe , Streli Christina , Radtke Martin
Published: November 2019

The new reconstruction algorithms for near-field coded aperture imaging show a good performance even in cases where the established method by convolution fails, thus providing a basis for a new approach to full-field X-ray fluorescence imaging.
A simple and direct atomic absorption spectrometry method for the direct determination of Hg in dried blood spots and dried urine spots prepared using various microsampling devices
Authors: Nakadi Flávio V. , Garde Raúl , da Veiga Márcia A. M. S. , Cruces Julio , Resano Martín
Published: November 2019

Production of dried blood spots and dried urine spots of known volume enables their direct analysis aiming at the fast quantification of Hg.
Transition-metal free direct C–H functionalization of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with oxamic acids leading to 3-carbamoyl quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones
Authors: Yuan Jin-Wei , Zhu Jun-Liang , Zhu Hu-Lin , Peng Fang , Yang Liang-Yu , Mao Pu , Zhang Shou-Ren , Li Yan-Chun , Qu Ling-Bo
Published: November 2019

A practical transition-metal free decarboxylative coupling reaction of oxamic acids with quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones has been developed under mild conditions.
Highly selective synthesis of 2,5-bis(aminomethyl)furan via catalytic amination of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural with NH3 over a bifunctional catalyst
Authors: Yuan Hangkong , Kusema Bright T. , Yan Zhen , Streiff Stéphane , Shi Feng
Published: November 2019

A simple and highly efficient method was developed for one pot transformation of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (5-HMF) into 2,5-bis(aminomethyl)furan (BAF) over bifunctional Cu4Ni1Al4Ox catalyst using two-stage reaction process, affording the BAF in 85.9% yield.
Single electron transfer events and dynamical heterogeneity in the small protein azurin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Pradhan Biswajit , Engelhard Christopher , Van Mulken Sebastiaan , Miao Xueyan , Canters Gerard W. , Orrit Michel
Published: November 2019

Observing electron transfer events in individual azurin molecules, we relate the spread in transfer rates in a unique way to variations in molecular parameters.
Fabrication and application of complex microcapsules: a review
Authors: Bah Mohamed Gibril , Bilal Hafiz Muhammad , Wang Jingtao
Published: November 2019

The development of new functional materials requires cutting-edge technologies for incorporating different functional materials without reducing their functionality.
Coupling effect of molecular weight and crosslinking kinetics on the formation of rubber nanoparticles and their agglomerates in EPDM/PP TPVs during dynamic vulcanization
Authors: Li Shangqing , Tian Hongchi , Wu Hanguang , Ning Nanying , Tian Ming , Zhang Liqun
Published: November 2019

Coupling effect of molecular weight (MW) of PP and crosslinking kinetics on morphology formation of EPDM/PP TPVs was systematically studied.
MuSCAT2 multicolour validation of TESS candidates: an ultra-short-period substellar object around an M dwarf
Authors: Parviainen H. , Palle E. , Zapatero-Osorio M. R. , Montanes Rodriguez P. , Murgas F. , Narita N. , Hidalgo Soto D. , Béjar V. J. S. , Korth J. , Monelli M. , Casasayas Barris N. , Crouzet N. , de Leon J. P. , Fukui A. , Hernandez A. , Klagyivik P. , Kusakabe N. , Luque R. , Mori M. , Nishiumi T. , Prieto-Arranz J. , Tamura M. , Watanabe N. , Burke C. , Charbonneau D. , Collins K. A. , Collins K. I. , Conti D. , Garcia Soto A. , Jenkins J. S. , Jenkins J. M. , Levine A. , Li J. , Rinehart S. , Seager S. , Tenenbaum P. , Ting E. B. , Vanderspek R. , Vezie M. , Winn J. N.
Published: November 2019

Context. We report the discovery of TOI 263.01 (TIC 120916706), a transiting substellar object (R = 0.87 RJup) orbiting a faint M3.5 V dwarf (V = 18.97) on a 0.56 d orbit.

Aims. We setout to determine the nature of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) planet candidate TOI 263.01 using ground-based multicolour transit photometry. The host star is faint, which makes radial-velocity confirmation challenging, but the large transit depth makes the candidate suitable for validation through multicolour photometry.

Methods. Our analysis combines three transits observed simultaneously in r′, i′, and zs bands usingthe MuSCAT2 multicolour imager, three LCOGT-observed transit light curves in g′, r′, and i′ bands, a TESS light curve from Sector 3, and a low-resolution spectrum for stellar characterisation observed with the ALFOSC spectrograph. We modelled the light curves with PYTRANSIT using a transit model that includes a physics-based light contamination component, allowing us to estimate the contamination from unresolved sources from the multicolour photometry. Using this information we were able to derive the true planet–star radius ratio marginalised over the contamination allowed by the photometry.Combining this with the stellar radius, we were able to make a reliable estimate of the absolute radius of the object.

Results. The ground-based photometry strongly excludes contamination from unresolved sources with a significant colour difference to TOI 263. Furthermore, contamination from sources of the same stellar type as the host is constrained to levels where the true radius ratio posterior has a median of 0.217 and a 99 percentile of0.286. The median and maximum radius ratios correspond to absolute planet radii of 0.87 and 1.41 RJup, respectively,which confirms the substellar nature of the planet candidate. The object is either a giant planetor a brown dwarf (BD) located deep inside the so-called “brown dwarf desert”. Both possibilities offer a challenge to current planet/BD formation models and make TOI 263.01 an object that merits in-depth follow-up studies.
The functional agrobiodiversity in the Douro demarcated region viticulture: utopia or reality? Arthropods as a case-study – A review
Authors: Gonçalves Fátima , Carlos Cristina , Crespi António , Villemant Claire , Trivellone Valeria , Goula Marta , Canovai Roberto , Zina Vera , Crespo Luís , Pinheiro Lara , Lucchi Andrea , Bagnoli Bruno , Oliveira Irene , Pinto Rui , Torres Laura
Published: November 2019

Aiming to reduce the losses of biodiversity and the degradation of associated ecosystem services, the United Nations established the 2011-2020 period as the UN Decade on Biodiversity. During this period, the countries involved compromised on implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity, including the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. The argument is that biological diversity underpins the functioning of ecosystems and the provision of services essential to human well-being, further contributing to economic development and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. The purpose of this review is to present results of research and academic works carried out over several years in the Douro Demarcated Region in the field of functional agrobiodiversity, understood as the part of ecosystem biodiversity that provides ecosystem services, which support sustainable agricultural production and can also bring benefits to the regional and global environment and to society as a whole. Such studies specifically aimed to contribute knowledge about the diversity of arthropods in the vineyard ecosystem and about practices that can increase their abundance, diversity and services provided. In this context, a general characterization of the arthropod community identified in the vineyard ecosystem is conducted, complemented by information on the role played, by the taxonomic groups identified. The importance of increasing arthropod populations, the vegetation of vineyard slopes, and the existence of shrubs, forests and hedgerows next to the vineyards is discussed. The fundamental role of soil management practices is also referred, namely that of ground cover and the application of compost from winery wastes in the abundance and diversity of these organisms populations. Finally, bearing in mind the importance of the use of this information by vine growers, the measures taken for its dissemination are also presented.
An assessment of automated extraction capabilities for small-signal modeling of various GaAs pHEMT processes
Authors: Popov Artem , Bilevich Dmitry , Salnikov Andrei , Dobush Igor , Goryainov Aleksandr , Kalentyev Alexey
Published: November 2019

A new automated small-signal GaAs pHEMT model extraction technique based on the analytical approach followed by optimization is suggested. The performance capability of the technique is confirmed by successful small-signal modeling of pHEMTs manufactured by different semiconductor fabs.
On the new prospects of high power wideband TWT creation
Authors: Bogomolova Evgeniia , Galdetskiy Anatoly , Natura Irina
Published: November 2019

A new design of a slow - wave structure of a “crossed staircase” type for a powerful broadband multi-beam X-band TWT has been considered. The use of dense packing of beams and diaphragms with bushings allows to increase the interaction impedance to 4-7 Ohm and the dispersion correction makes it possible to expand the band up to 18% using a special form of coupling slots. The calculation of electronics demonstrates a possibility of obtaining the power of 24 kW, gain of 17 dB and efficiency of 28% in the TWT with such a slow-wave structure. The design of the permanent magnet system with an interpole gap of 119 mm was developed which provides 100% transportation of the electron beam to the collector.
Features of the construction of information transfer system which using two-dimensional signals
Authors: Degtyaryov Andrey , Miryanova Vera
Published: November 2019

The article deals with analysis of the causes of intersymbol interference and interchannel interference. It is indicated that physically unrealizable orthogonal bases are used to describe systems and signals. The considered interference occurs due to the loss of orthogonality by the coordinate signals of the bases. Known methods for obtaining systems of orthogonal functions do not allow the formation of a coordinate basis corresponding to physically feasible systems and signals. It is proposed to use equidistant biased impulse characteristics of physically realizable linear systems as basic signals. An orthogonalization method based on determining the weight of orthogonality is described. It is shown that the resulting basis is quasi-orthogonal. It is determined that the conversion of the standart low-pass prototype filter into the filters of channel-forming equipment does not change the conditions of orthogonality. Structural schemes of a modulator and a demodulator of two-dimensional signals are proposed, based on the developed method of orthogonalization.
Blind signal deconvolution based on pulsed neuron model
Authors: Bondarev Vladimir
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we consider the vector-matrix model of a pulsed neuron, focused on solving problems of digital signal processing. We extend the application domain of the model to the blind signal deconvolution problem. To achieve this goal we propose an unsupervised learning algorithm, which maximizes the absolute value of the normalized kurtosis of the output signal of the deconvolution filter using vector-matrix model of a pulsed neuron. To show the validity of the proposed learning algorithm, some examples of deconvolution of speech signals distorted by reverberation are presented.
Optimization of signal processing algorithm for spacecraft identification
Authors: Polyakov A.L. , Afonin I.L. , Polyakov D.A.
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the optimization of the signal processing algorithm of uncontrolled radiation (UCR) on-board equipment of spacecraft (SC) in order to identify them.
Technical applications of focused antenna arrays
Authors: Vedenkin Denis
Published: November 2019

We analysed possibility of using focused antenna arrays at some technical applications. For example, conveyor method of material processing, wood processing for disinfection. Using principles of focusing antenna arrays can increase efficiency of modern microwave technological equipment against classical microwave processing devices.
Increasing the range of ultra wideband radars based on antenna arrays
Authors: Lagovsky Boris , Samokhin Alexander , Tripathy Malay
Published: November 2019

Analytical and numerical solutions are presented for increasing the range of ultra wideband radars based on antenna arrays by optimizing their characteristics. It is shown that the shape of UWB pulses significantly affects the maximum value of the reflected signal. Solutions of variational problems of searching for the optimal shape of probing UWB pulses are investigated. Optimization of the form allows to obtain good results when using even approximate data on the dispersion dependences of the radar cross-section. The use of new efficient processing algorithms for UWB signals that do not have direct narrow-band analogs is substantiated.
Control of magnetoelectric antenna by electric field
Authors: Nikitin Aleksandr O. , Petrov Roman V. , Havanova Marina A.
Published: November 2019

The results of researching on the microwave processes in the microstrip antenna in which the substrate is consist of composite structure: ferroelectric – ferromagnetic – dielectric was presented. The paper shows that unified wave can be present in this structure, which combines the properties of electromagnetic and spin types of waves – this is a hybrid electromagnetic-spin wave. The dispersion characteristic of this wave was obtained and its dependence on the applied electric field to the ferroelectric layer was established. This dependence is a consequence of two effects: magnetoelectric effect and dependence dielectric constant from applied electric field. The total effect is a change in the resonant frequency of antenna under study about 2 GHz with the applied electric field changed on 40 kV/cm. It was also found that, depending on the value of the applied electric field, the mode of standing waves can be achieved.
Design of RF filters with high selectivity on monolithic ceramic blocks
Authors: Sememya Roman , Vilenskiy Artem , Chernyshev Sergey
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the results of the development of quasielliptic filters on monolithic ceramic blocks. A circuit analysis of equivalent filter circuits is carried out using the coupling matrix method. A novel topology of a monolithic filter is being studied with the aim of obtaining increased frequency-selective properties due to the implementation of the attenuation poles. High cross-coupling values on ceramic monoliths with large inner metalized holes were obtained. The engineering method of adjusting the frequency position of the attenuation poles by trimming capacitive stubs is realized. Based on the performed analysis, as well as electromagnetic modeling, a monolithic ceramic filter was manufactured. The measurements results of the S-parameters for obtained models are presented.
Reducing the parasitic inductance of the meander resistive element in a powerful block of brake resistors of electric vehicles
Authors: Timofeev Anton , Shapovalov Alexander
Published: November 2019

The dependence of the magnetic properties and inductance of the braking resistors block of electric transport on his configuration and main dimensions of the tape resistive elements included in it and their relative position is investigated. Approaches to reducing spurious inductance of various configurations of a powerful block of brake resistors for subway trains had been found.
Influence of IDT’s aperture on the excitation of piezoelectric acoustic waves in LiNbO3 and KNbO3 plates
Authors: Kuznetsova Iren , Smirnov Andrey , Gorbunova Alyona
Published: November 2019

The results of a study of the influence of the geometric parameters of interdigital transducers (IDT) on their resonance characteristics for YX plates of lithium niobate and potassium niobate are presented in the paper. It is shown that a decrease in the IDT aperture from 6 mm to 2 mm leads to a twofold increase in the intensity of the acoustic signal. The obtained results can be useful in miniaturization of the developed acoustoelectronic sensors.
Three-dimensional nonadiabatic electron- optical gyrotron systems with inhomogeneous current density
Authors: Leshcheva Kseniia , Manuilov Vladimir , Goldenberg Arkadiy
Published: November 2019

The results of a numerical study of the effect of threedimensional perturbations of the space charge density distribution in a nonadiabatic electron-optic systems of gyrotrons are presented. Data of direct numerical simulation using the 3-D program CST Studio Suite are described.
The design and testing issues of radiation tolerant microwave amplifiers implemented in the domestic GaAs pHEMT 0.5 μm process
Authors: Sotskov Denis , Kuznetsov Alexander , Usachev Nikolay , Elesin Vadim , Selishchev Ilya
Published: November 2019

The investigation results of the possibility of manufacturing radiation tolerant microwave amplifiers implementing in domestic GaAs D-mode pHEMT 0.5 μm process are presented in this work. The amplifier with an operating frequency range from 0.1 GHz to 3.5 GHz, gain above 15 dB, noise figure below 2.2 dB, output linearity above 17 dBm is designed, produced and measured. The characteristic property of the amplifier is a single positive supply voltage and extended frequency range up to 100 MHz provided by the external capacitor circuit. Transient radiation effects in the amplifier are investigated up to the dose rate value of 4.9·109 a.u./s. The recovery time does not exceed 4 μs according to the experimental results.
Experimental studies of the E01 leaky wave characteristics in a round dielectric rod
Authors: Malakhov Vasiliy A. , Malakhova Irina V. , Nechaev Artyom S. , Nikitin Artyom A. , Raevskaya Yulia V.
Published: November 2019

Excitation experiment technique of the E01 leaky wave in a round open dielectric waveguide is given. Experimental research results of the E01 leaky wave characteristics of a round open dielectric waveguide are presented.
Application of microwave motion sensors in navigation systems for ground vehicle
Authors: Khablov Dmitrii
Published: November 2019

Effective land transport management in a controlled and unmanned mode is impossible without its accurate and continuous positioning. The paper discusses the possibility of increasing this accuracy in the absence or uncertain reception of signals from satellites of the global navigation system. Moreover, the use of an additional self-navigation inertial system to solve this problem in this case is not justified for reasons of accuracy and cost. Therefore, as an alternative autonomous navigation system, a solution based on radar Doppler sensors of modular type is proposed. The methods of measuring the velocity vector and the algorithm of direct continuous measurement of displacements are considered. It is shown that the latter measurement option can significantly reduce the cumulative error when positioning vehicles.
Dynamic characteristics of frequency-locked autodynes
Authors: Noskov Vladyslav Ya. , Ignatkov Kirill A. , Shaidurov Kirill D.
Published: November 2019

The results of research into the dynamic characteristics of microwave oscillators under the influence of both their own reflected radiation and external synchronising effect are presented. The basic relations for the analysis of signals during fast movement of the target are obtained, when the signal period is comparable to the autodyne response time constants. The results of numerical modelling of the characteristics are confirmed by the experimental data obtained on the example of an oscillator based on the Gunn diode of the 8-mm range.
Polygon “Simeiz-Katsively” - study of changes in the geodynamic, heliogeophysical and climatic characteristics of Crimea
Authors: Volvach Alexander , Kurbasova Galina , Dmytrotsa Andrej , Neyachenko Dmitry , Kanonidi Konstantin , Boborykina Olga
Published: November 2019

The solution to the problem of forecasting catastrophic natural and technological phenomena in Crimea is associated with the organization of complex observations in a network of local geodynamic polygons.

Currently conducted on-site observations involved in the solution of problems of geodynamic and environmental monitoring in international cooperation. To study lithospheric deformation, the reasons for their cause, the search for prognostic indicators, preparing regional seismic events of natural and anthropogenic origin in the Crimean region, in 2018, geodynamic testing area “Simeiz-Katsively” have been expanded tiltmeter and magnetovariational stations, included in the national observation network.
OFDM signal with BPSK modulated subcarriers for multi-carrier ionospheric sounding
Authors: Ivanov Vladimir , Ryabova Natalya , Elsukov Alexey , Laschevsky Alexey
Published: November 2019

Paper presents the developed algorithm for multi-carrier simultaneous vertical ionospheric sounding by OFDM signal with BPSK modulation of subcarriers. There is presented a mathematical model, numerical and simulation modeling with the use of USRP platform. Research findings proved the fundamental feasibility of using orthogonal subcarriers for simultaneous sounding of channels over a wide band.
Experimental estimation of phase noise filters efficiency for InSAR processing
Authors: Sosnovsky Andrey , Kobemichenko Victor
Published: November 2019

The experimental study of the efficiency of interferometric data processing algorithms for synthetic aperture space radars is complicated by the fact that a quantitative result can be obtained only after the completion of the entire technological chain. The efficiency of the first stages of interferometric processing - incoherent accumulation and suppression of phase noise-has been studied on the basis of the method of inverse transformation of standards previously proposed by the authors. The results of estimation of accuracy of digital elevation model construction for ALOS PALSAR data with different base lengths and polarizations of the probing signal are presented.
The invention of a tube audio amplifier
Authors: Pestrikov Victor M.
Published: November 2019

Audion as an amplifier of radio signals, whether telegraphic or telephone, was far ahead of any other amplifier that has ever been developed. For several years, from 1907 to 1911, audion was used only as a sensitive detector for receiving radio signals. The general principles of his work were not understood. De Forest conducted some experimental work on the use of an audion amplifier as a telephone repeater, however, his early development was unsuccessful. This was due to the fact that he did not attach much importance to the amount of displacement on the grid of the audion. He tried to amplify a low-frequency signal (AF) with an offset value on a grid designed to amplify a high-frequency signal (RF). In 1912, the first sound amplifier was built by Fritz Lowenstein, a former employee of the Forest company.