bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Australia's Contribution to the Development of International Civil Aviation and Prospects for the Supersonic Future
Authors: Anderson D. G.
Published: July 2016

As a native South Australian, I feel particularly honoured to have been asked by the Adelaide Branch of the Royal Aeronautical Society to deliver this second lecture in the Memorial Series commemorating the historic flight of the Smith Brothers from the United Kingdom to Australia. Just a few months ago—on 10th December, 1959—we celebrated the fortieth anniversary of the epic arrival of the Vickers Vimy at Darwin. One thing emerges clearly from our aviation record in the succeeding forty years, and it is simply that no single event has had such a profound effect on that record as the remarkable, trail-blazing flight of the Smith Brothers. If we came of age as a nation on the cold dawn beaches of Gallipoli on 25th April, 1915, then just as surely we won our wings as a nation on that hot summer afternoon of 10th December, 1919, when the Vickers Vimy touched down at Fanny Bay aerodrome, Darwin. We have, I think, continued to wear those wings with considerable distinction ever since.
Transition and the Spread of Turbulence on a 60° Swept-Back Wing
Authors: Gregory N.
Published: July 2016

Two interesting flow phenomena have been observed during the course of some transition measurements carried out on a swept-back wing with a curved tip. Firstly, the influence of leading-edge sweep angle on the type of instability responsible for transition has resulted in two distinct types of transition occurring simultaneously over different portions of the wing under certain critical conditions. Secondly, unlimited spanwise turbulent contamination of the flow was observed with an excrescence located close to the leading edge. The circumstances in which this occurred are believed to be somewhat exceptional, although much further work is desirable on this point.
Transonic Buffeting on Aerofoils
Authors: Wood C. J.
Published: July 2016

There are many problems to be solved when it is required to fly an aircraft at speeds approaching the speed of sound. When the speed of the aeroplane exceeds its critical Mach number, regions of supersonic flow appear at points on its surface, where the velocity of the displaced air is greatest. These regions of supersonic flow increase in size with increasing speed until the flow is wholly supersonic. The range of speed in which this mixed flow occurs is called the transonic range. In this range an aircraft will experience a sudden increase in drag, trim changes, loss of control effectiveness and possibly instability, or buffeting.
Shear Flow Past a Wing of Circular Plan Form
Authors: Nigam L. N.
Published: July 2016

The problem of flow past a thin wing of circular plan form when the undisturbed flow is along the x-axis, U(z)=Az+V has been solved.

The solutions for potential flow past a wing of circular plan form have been given in terms of spheroidal co-ordinates using the concept of acceleration potential. The solutions can be easily adapted to the case when the undisturbed flow is weakly sheared. In the particular case when the undisturbed velocity U(z) = Az+V, where A and V are constants, the pressure equation can be simplified by a simple substitution and the solution for a thin wing of circular plan form can be easily constructed from the solution for potential flow. If the wings in the two cases develop the same lift, it is found that the wing in shear flow should be slightly cambered (potential wing is un-cambered). The results are shown graphically in Fig. 1.
The Natural Frequencies of Free and Constrained Non-Uniform Beams
Authors: Jones R. P. N. , Mahalingam S.
Published: July 2016

The Rayleigh-Ritz method is well known as an approximate method of determining the natural frequencies of a conservative system, using a constrained deflection form. On the other hand, if a general deflection form (i.e.an unconstrained form) is used, the method provides a theoretically exact solution. An unconstrained form may be obtained by expressing the deflection as an expansion in terms of a suitable set of orthogonal functions, and in selecting such a set, it is convenient to use the known normal modes of a suitably chosen “ basic system.” The given system, whose vibration properties are to be determined, can then be regarded as a “ modified system,” which is derived from the basic system by a variation of mass and elasticity. A similar procedure has been applied to systems with a finite number of degrees of freedom. In the present note the method is applied to simple non-uniform beams, and to beams with added masses and constraints. A concise general solution is obtained, and an iteration process of obtaining a numerical solution is described.
The Optimum Size of a Rocket Engine
Authors: Dunning J. E. P.
Published: July 2016

The paper gives a précis account of studies made at the Rocket Propulsion Establishment of the Ministry of Aviation to determine the relationship between the specific weight and thrust of a liquid bi-propellent rocket engine.

Although the need for a better understanding of basic phenomena is established, the conclusion is reached that, within the selected premises, the minimum specific weight is achieved at a thrust level near 50,000 lb. The difference in specific weight between engines of 200,000 lb. thrust and 50,000 lb. thrust is only about 10 per cent and this is shown to be equivalent to only one per cent in propellent specific impulse. Although small, it is considered significant that a minimum has been established and this fact is used as an argument to justify the use of clusters of engines (generally four) to provide levels of thrust greater than 100,000 lb.
Stigma About Mental Illness Among Multidisciplinary Health Care Providers in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Caplan Susan , Little Tariana V. , Garces-King Jasmine
Published: July 2016

Few studies have examined the attitudes of multidisciplinary health care providers toward mental illness, particularly in Latin America. The present study explored the attitudes of health care providers in the Dominican Republic (DR) toward persons with mental illness. Five Spanish-language focus groups were conducted in different regions of the DR with a purposive sample of 37 multidisciplinary health care providers and administrators. We found that among Dominican health care professionals mental illness was primarily defined as schizophrenia. Stigma was pervasive, but differed based on level of experience with persons with mental illness. People with mental illness were perceived as out of control and unable to conform to societal norms, resulting in fear and a lack of empathy among care providers. General practitioners felt unprepared to manage mental illness and unsupported by families and communities that also held stigmatizing attitudes. Providers considered government investment in mental health services imperative to improve access to treatment. Currently there are few options for intervention or rehabilitation for persons with severe mental illness. Strategies to reduce stigma among nonmental health care providers include governmental prioritization of mental health care, as well as formal training and clinical exposure to persons with mental illness in recovery.
Mevalonate kinase deficiency leads to decreased prenylation of Rab GTPases
Authors: Jurczyluk Julie , Munoz Marcia A , Skinner Oliver P , Chai Ryan C , Ali Naveid , Palendira Umaimainthan , Quinn Julian MW , Preston Alexandra , Tangye Stuart G , Brown Andrew J , Argent Elizabeth , Ziegler John B , Mehr Sam , Rogers Michael J
Published: July 2016

Mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) is caused by mutations in a key enzyme of the mevalonate–cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, leading to recurrent autoinflammatory disease characterised by enhanced release of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). It is currently believed that the inflammatory phenotype of MKD is triggered by temperature‐sensitive loss of mevalonate kinase activity and reduced biosynthesis of isoprenoid lipids required for the prenylation of small GTPase proteins. However, previous studies have not clearly shown any change in protein prenylation in patient cells under normal conditions. With lymphoblast cell lines from two compound heterozygous MKD patients, we used a highly sensitive in vitro prenylation assay, together with quantitative mass spectrometry, to reveal a subtle accumulation of unprenylated Rab GTPases in cells cultured for 3 days or more at 40 °C compared with 37 °C. This included a 200% increase in unprenylated Rab7A, Rab14 and Rab1A. Inhibition of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein (SREBP) activation by fatostatin led to more pronounced accumulation of unprenylated Rab proteins in MKD cells but not parent cells, suggesting that cultured MKD cells may partially overcome the loss of isoprenoid lipids by SREBP‐mediated upregulation of enzymes required for isoprenoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, while inhibition of Rho/Rac/Rap prenylation promoted the release of IL‐1β, specific inhibition of Rab prenylation by NE10790 had no effect in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or human THP‐1 monocytic cells. These studies demonstrate for the first time that mutations in mevalonate kinase can lead to a mild, temperature‐induced defect in the prenylation of small GTPases, but that loss of prenylated Rab GTPases is not the cause of enhanced IL‐1β release in MKD.
Realization of tristability in a multiplicatively coupled dual-loop genetic network
Authors: Huang Bo , Xia Yun , Liu Feng , Wang Wei
Published: July 2016

Multistability is a crucial recurring theme in cell signaling. Multistability is attributed to the presence of positive feedback loops, but the general condition and essential mechanism for realizing multistability remain unclear. Here, we build a generic circuit model comprising two transcription factors and a microRNA, representing a kind of core architecture in gene regulatory networks. The circuit can be decomposed into two positive feedback loops (PFLs) or one PFL and one negative feedback loop (NFL), which are multiplicatively coupled. Bifurcation analyses of the model reveal that the circuit can achieve tristability through four kinds of bifurcation scenarios when parameter values are varied in a wide range. We formulate the general requirement for tristability in terms of logarithmic gain of the circuit. The parameter ranges for tristability and possible transition routes among steady states are determined by the combination of gain features of individual feedback loops. Coupling two PFLs with bistability or one NFL with a bistable PFL is most likely to generate tristability, but the underlying mechanisms are largely different. We also interpret published results and make testable predictions. This work sheds new light on interlinking feedback loops to realize tristability. The proposed theoretical framework can be of wide applicability.
Surface effects of vapour-liquid-solid driven Bi surface droplets formed during molecular-beam-epitaxy of GaAsBi
Authors: Steele J. A. , Lewis R. A. , Horvat J. , Nancarrow M. J. B. , Henini M. , Fan D. , Mazur Y. I. , Schmidbauer M. , Ware M. E. , Yu S.-Q. , Salamo G. J.
Published: July 2016

Herein we investigate a (001)-oriented GaAs1−xBix/GaAs structure possessing Bi surface droplets capable of catalysing the formation of nanostructures during Bi-rich growth, through the vapour-liquid-solid mechanism. Specifically, self-aligned “nanotracks” are found to exist trailing the Bi droplets on the sample surface. Through cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy the nanotracks are revealed to in fact be elevated above surface by the formation of a subsurface planar nanowire, a structure initiated mid-way through the molecular-beam-epitaxy growth and embedded into the epilayer, via epitaxial overgrowth. Electron microscopy studies also yield the morphological, structural and chemical properties of the nanostructures. Through a combination of Bi determination methods the compositional profile of the film is shown to be graded and inhomogeneous. Furthermore, the coherent and pure zincblende phase property of the film is detailed. Optical characterisation of features on the sample surface is carried out using polarised micro-Raman and micro-photoluminescence spectroscopies. The important light producing properties of the surface nanostructures are investigated through pump intensity-dependent micro-PL measurements, whereby relatively large local inhomogeneities are revealed to exist on the epitaxial surface for important optical parameters. We conclude that such surface effects must be considered when designing and fabricating optical devices based on GaAsBi alloys.
Flexible All-organic, All-solution Processed Thin Film Transistor Array with Ultrashort Channel
Authors: Xu Wei , Hu Zhanhao , Liu Huimin , Lan Linfeng , Peng Junbiao , Wang Jian , Cao Yong
Published: July 2016

Shrinking the device dimension has long been the pursuit of the semiconductor industry to increase the device density and operation speed. In the application of thin film transistors (TFTs), all-organic TFT arrays made by all-solution process are desired for low cost and flexible electronics. One of the greatest challenges is how to achieve ultrashort channel through a cost-effective method. In our study, ultrashort-channel devices are demonstrated by direct inkjet printing conducting polymer as source/drain and gate electrodes without any complicated substrate’s pre-patterning process. By modifying the substrate’s wettability, the conducting polymer’s contact line is pinned during drying process which makes the channel length well-controlled. An organic TFT array of 200 devices with 2 μm channel length is fabricated on flexible substrate through all-solution process. The simple and scalable process to fabricate high resolution organic transistor array offers a low cost approach in the development of flexible and wearable electronics.
A compact tunable polarized X-ray source based on laser-plasma helical undulators
Authors: Luo J. , Chen M. , Zeng M. , Vieira J. , Yu L. L. , Weng S. M. , Silva L. O. , Jaroszynski D. A. , Sheng Z. M. , Zhang J.
Published: July 2016

Laser wakefield accelerators have great potential as the basis for next generation compact radiation sources because of their extremely high accelerating gradients. However, X-ray radiation from such devices still lacks tunability, especially of the intensity and polarization distributions. Here we propose a tunable polarized radiation source based on a helical plasma undulator in a plasma channel guided wakefield accelerator. When a laser pulse is initially incident with a skew angle relative to the channel axis, the laser and accelerated electrons experience collective spiral motions, which leads to elliptically polarized synchrotron-like radiation with flexible tunability on radiation intensity, spectra and polarization. We demonstrate that a radiation source with millimeter size and peak brilliance of 2 × 1019 photons/s/mm2/mrad2/0.1% bandwidth can be made with moderate laser and electron beam parameters. This brilliance is comparable with third generation synchrotron radiation facilities running at similar photon energies, suggesting that laser plasma based radiation sources are promising for advanced applications.
Smyd5 plays pivotal roles in both primitive and definitive hematopoiesis during zebrafish embryogenesis
Authors: Fujii Tomoaki , Tsunesumi Shin-ichiro , Sagara Hiroshi , Munakata Miyo , Hisaki Yoshihiro , Sekiya Takao , Furukawa Yoichi , Sakamoto Kazuhiro , Watanabe Sumiko
Published: July 2016

Methylation of histone tails plays a pivotal role in the regulation of a wide range of biological processes. SET and MYND domain-containing protein (SMYD) is a methyltransferase, five family members of which have been identified in humans. SMYD1, SMYD2, SMYD3 and SMYD4 have been found to play critical roles in carcinogenesis and/or the development of heart and skeletal muscle. However, the physiological functions of SMYD5 remain unknown. To investigate the function of Smyd5 in vivo, zebrafish were utilised as a model system. We first examined smyd5 expression patterns in developing zebrafish embryos. Smyd5 transcripts were abundantly expressed at early developmental stages and then gradually decreased. Smyd5 was expressed in all adult tissues examined. Loss-of-function analysis of Smyd5 was then performed in zebrafish embryos using smyd5 morpholino oligonucleotide (MO). Embryos injected with smyd5-MO showed normal gross morphological development, including of heart and skeletal muscle. However, increased expression of both primitive and definitive hematopoietic markers, including pu.1, mpx, l-plastin, and cmyb, were observed. These phenotypes of smyd5-MO zebrafish embryos were also observed when we introduced mutations in smyd5 gene with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. As the expression of myeloid markers was elevated in smyd5 loss-of-function zebrafish, we propose that Smyd5 plays critical roles in hematopoiesis.
A dinosaurian facial deformity and the first occurrence of ameloblastoma in the fossil record
Authors: Dumbravă Mihai D. , Rothschild Bruce M. , Weishampel David B. , Csiki-Sava Zoltán , Andrei Răzvan A. , Acheson Katharine A. , Codrea Vlad A.
Published: July 2016

Despite documentation of various types of neoplastic pathologies encountered in the vertebrate fossil record, no ameloblastic tumours have been recognised so far. Ameloblastoma is a benign neoplasic tumour with a strong preponderance for the mandible. Here, we report for the first time the presence of an ameloblastoma neoplasm in the lower jaw of a specimen referred to the derived non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroid dinosaur Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus from the uppermost Cretaceous of the Ha"Equation missing"eg Basin in Romania. The location, external appearance and internal structure of the pathological outgrowth provide clear evidence for the diagnosis of ameloblastoma in Telmatosaurus. This report extends the range of pathologies encountered in hadrosauroid dinosaurs. In addition, recognition of an ameloblastoma neoplasm in a taxon lying close to the origin of ‘duck-billed’ hadrosaurid dinosaurs confirms the predisposition of this clade towards neoplasia pathologies already in its basal members.
Zinc Resistance Mechanisms of P1B-type ATPases in Sinorhizobium meliloti CCNWSX0020
Authors: Lu Mingmei , Li Zhefei , Liang Jianqiang , Wei Yibing , Rensing Christopher , Wei Gehong
Published: July 2016

The Sinorhizobium meliloti (S. meliloti) strain CCNWSX0020 displayed tolerance to high levels exposures of multiple metals and growth promotion of legume plants grown in metal-contaminated soil. However, the mechanism of metal-resistant strain remains unknown. We used five P1B-ATPases deletions by designating as ∆copA1b, ∆fixI1, ∆copA3, ∆zntA and ∆nia, respectively to investigate the role of P1B-ATPases in heavy metal resistance of S. meliloti. The ∆copA1b and ∆zntA mutants were sensitive to zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in different degree, whereas the other mutants had no significant influence on the metal resistance. Moreover, the expression of zntA was induced by Zn, Cd and Pb whereas copA1b was induced by copper (Cu) and silver (Ag). This two deletions could led to the increased intracellular concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cd, but not of Cu. Complementation of ∆copA1b and ∆zntA mutants showed a restoration of tolerance to Zn, Cd and Pb to a certain extent. Taken together, the results suggest an important role of copA1b and zntA in Zn homeostasis and Cd and Pb detoxification in S. meliloti CCNWSX0020.
Dopamine D2/3- and μ-opioid receptor antagonists reduce cue-induced responding and reward impulsivity in humans
Authors: Weber S C , Beck-Schimmer B , Kajdi M-E , Müller D , Tobler P N , Quednow B B
Published: July 2016

Increased responding to drug-associated stimuli (cue reactivity) and an inability to tolerate delayed gratification (reward impulsivity) have been implicated in the development and maintenance of drug addiction. Whereas data from animal studies suggest that both the dopamine and opioid system are involved in these two reward-related processes, their role in humans is less clear. Moreover, dopaminergic and opioidergic drugs have not been directly compared with regard to these functions, even though a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms might inform the development of specific treatments for elevated cue reactivity and reward impulsivity. In a randomized, double-blind, between-subject design we administered the selective dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist amisulpride (400 mg, n=41), the unspecific opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (50 mg, n=40) or placebo (n=40) to healthy humans and measured cue-induced responding with a Pavlovian-instrumental transfer task and reward impulsivity with a delay discounting task. Mood was assessed using a visual analogue scale. Compared with placebo, amisulpride significantly suppressed cue-induced responding and reward impulsivity. The effects of naltrexone were similar, although less pronounced. Both amisulpride and naltrexone decreased average mood ratings compared with placebo. Our results demonstrate that a selective blockade of dopamine D2/D3 receptors reduces cue-induced responding and reward impulsivity in healthy humans. Antagonizing μ-opioid receptors has similar effects for cue-induced responding and to a lesser extent for reward impulsivity.
DNA-fueled molecular machine for label-free and non-enzymatic ultrasensitive detection of telomerase activity
Authors: Sun Panpan , Ran Xiang , Liu Chaoqun , Liu Chaoying , Pu Fang , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: July 2016

A label-free and non-enzymatic method based on DNA-fueled molecular machine has been introduced for ultrasensitive detection of telomerase activity in cancer cell extracts even at the single-cell level.
Correction: Near infrared activation of an anticancer PtIV complex by Tm-doped upconversion nanoparticles
Authors: Ruggiero Emmanuel , Hernández-Gil Javier , Mareque-Rivas Juan C. , Salassa Luca
Published: July 2016

Correction for ‘Near infrared activation of an anticancer PtIV complex by Tm-doped upconversion nanoparticles’ by Emmanuel Ruggiero et al., Chem. Commun., 2015, 51, 2091–2094.
Formation of a thermally stable bilayer of coadsorbed intact and deprotonated thymine exploiting the surface corrugation of rutile TiO2(110)
Authors: Duncan D. A. , Pfisterer J. H. K. , Deimel P. S. , Acres R. G. , Fritton M. , Feulner P. , Barth J. V. , Allegretti F.
Published: July 2016

Adsorption of thymine on rutile TiO2(110) leads to a room temperature stable bilayer which follows the corrugation of the oxide surface and consists of both intact and deprotonated molecules.
Unravelling the mechanisms of reactive oxygen species formation in nanohybrid systems of porphyrins and enriched (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes for photosensitization
Authors: Monteiro Camila S. , Ferreira Daniele C. , Sáfar Gustavo A. M. , Gontijo Rafael N. , Fantini Cristiano , Martins Dayse C. S. , Idemori Ynara M. , Pinheiro Maurício V. B. , Krambrock Klaus
Published: July 2016

Two different porphyrins inside the exciton volume of a carbon nanotube with charged N either in or out.
The influence of the surface composition of mixed monolayer films on the evaporation coefficient of water
Authors: Miles Rachael E. H. , Davies James F. , Reid Jonathan P.
Published: July 2016

The influence of mixed component organic surface films on the evaporation rate of water from an aqueous droplet is reported.
Unravelling the optical responses of nanoplasmonic mirror-on-mirror metamaterials
Authors: Sikdar Debabrata , Hasan Shakeeb B. , Urbakh Michael , Edel Joshua B. , Kornyshev Alexei A.
Published: July 2016

Quasi-static effective medium theory for mirror-on-mirror platforms based on arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles coupled to a thin metallic film.
High molecular weight bio furan-based co-polyesters for food packaging applications: synthesis, characterization and solid-state polymerization
Authors: Hong Sungmin , Min Kyung-Deok , Nam Byeong-Uk , Park O Ok
Published: July 2016

High molecular weight bio furan-based copolyesters have been synthesized by melt polycondensation and solid-state polymerization for packaging applications as bio based alternatives to PET.
High precision measurements of gallium isotopic compositions in geological materials by MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Zhang Ting , Zhou Lian , Yang Lu , Wang Qian , Feng Lan-ping , Liu Yong-sheng
Published: July 2016

A new MC-ICP-MS approach is reported for highly precise and accurate determination of the Ga isotope ratio in geological samples.
ABAB-type phthalocyanines simultaneously bearing electron donating and electron accepting groups. Synthesis, spectroscopy, and structure
Authors: Cao Wei , Wang Kang , Ledoux-Rak Isabelle , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: July 2016

Mg(trans-TPTCPc) was successfully prepared and structurally characterized, representing the first structurally characterized ABAB-type phthalocyanine compound simultaneously bearing electron-donating and electron-accepting groups.
Chirality transfer in metal-catalysed intermolecular addition reactions involving allenes
Authors: Alonso José Miguel , Quirós María Teresa , Muñoz María Paz
Published: July 2016

This review covers chirality transfer in metal-catalysed intermolecular addition reactions involving allenes, including axial-to-central chirality transfer, asymmetric catalysis and racemization.
ASHA Schools 2013: Improving Lives One Story at a Time
Authors: Rowden-Racette Kellie
Published: July 2016

Attendees at this year's schools conference learned more about the Common Core State Standards, executive function and, better yet, to look at students one at a time and find out their stories.
Get Smart About Noise
Authors: Adrian Angela , Fischer Maureen
Published: July 2016

These apps can turn your smartphone into a sound-level meter.
App-titude: ASHA's Online Community Goes Mobile
Authors: Straniero Jill
Published: July 2016

As mobile devices become de rigueur for social connection, ASHA jumps in with a new app to help you connect more easily to the online community.
Will Payers Cover Speech-Generating Apps?
Authors: Kander Mark
Published: July 2016

If you’re thinking about using speech-generating apps for mobile devices in treatment, know that getting insurers to pay for them can be tricky.
E-lumination: A 'Can-do' Attitude
Authors: Bloom Andrew
Published: July 2016

After suffering his third brain bleed, Andrew Bloom found the resilience to recover speech and swallowing with the help of his creative speech-language pathologist.
Bonded by Silence
Authors: Illene Noppe Cupit
Published: July 2016

The author comes to terms with losing her hearing and identifies with her late father—over two years of wearing hearing aids.
Finding the Voices of Her Tribe
Authors: Sarah Ross
Published: July 2016

SLP Sarah Ross uses her profession to stay rooted in tradition.
Sonic Youth
Authors: Folmer Robert L.
Published: July 2016

Protecting ourselves from noise-induced hearing loss should begin in childhood. What can audiologists do to convince kids—and their teachers and parents—to protect their hearing?
Should I Accept Insurance?
Authors: Devaney Eileen M.
Published: July 2016

Constant referrals—but lower fees—or independence? If you’re an SLP in private practice, you need to find the answer that works best for you.
In the Limelight: Voicing the Need—and the Solution
Authors: Rowden-Racette Kellie
Published: July 2016

SLP David Ford used his voice background and powers of conviction to carve a spot for an SLP in an ENT's office.
Just Don’t Do It
Authors: Rowden-Racette Kellie
Published: July 2016

It took SLP Barb Slocum 39 years and a play to master the art of saying “no.”
In the Limelight: Guides for the Long Journey Back
Authors: Rowden-Racette Kellie
Published: July 2016

When insurance coverage runs out for stroke patients, these two SLPs step in and help patients reach their full potential.
Automate Your Office
Authors: Krebs Janet M.
Published: July 2016

Practice-management software keeps your planning, scheduling, billing and reporting on track.
State Laws Bring Practice Changes
Authors: Deppe Janet
Published: July 2016

SLPs and audiologists around the nation may feel effects of new laws and regulations on licensure, Medicaid, hearing aids, telepractice and the like.
Policy Analysis: Rent-to-Own May Be Only Option for Medicare Speech-Generating Devices
Authors: Kander Mark
Published: July 2016

A new Medicare proposal that would change speech-generating devices from purchase-only equipment to rent-to-own equipment could be better for the patients who use them.
Policy Analysis: Medicare Must Cover Services That Maintain Function
Authors: Kander Mark
Published: July 2016

A recent settlement eliminates the need for "functional progress" and allows patients with progressive conditions to receive maintenance services.
Medicare Clarifies Manual Medical Review
Authors: Satterfield Lisa
Published: July 2016

Speech-language treatment claims that exceed $3,700 for a single beneficiary will be reviewed for medical necessity, either before or after the claim is paid.
She Can Do Magic
Authors: Law Bridget Murray
Published: July 2016

Meet your 2013 ASHA president—Patricia Prelock, aka Patty.
Tech Tools for Schools
Authors: Clausen Roseanne
Published: July 2016

School SLPs can harness new apps and social media tools for treatment ideas and more.
Speaking of Associates: Empowered to Assist
Authors: Polk Andrea
Published: July 2016

ASHA's new scope of practice document is helping this assistant build a more rewarding career.
Bringing Joy and Literacy to Jamaica
Authors: Rogers Kaci
Published: July 2016

Profound outcomes leave a lasting impression for students working with children in rural, underserved areas.
Student's Say: Students at Convention? Absolutely!
Authors: Baker Maria
Published: July 2016

Attend on a budget, room with other students, meet new people and catch the CSD spirit.
Mississippi Speech-Language-Hearing Association
Authors: Martin Maureen K. , McGowan Deirdre
Published: July 2016

A talk with Maureen K. Martin, president of the Mississippi Speech-Language-Hearing Association.
Spreading the Word Through Letters to the Editor
Authors: Cerquone Joseph
Published: July 2016

A letter to the editor is one way you can spread the word about your expertise and profession.
New design of the pulsed electro-acoustic upper electrode for space charge measurements during electronic irradiation
Authors: Riffaud J. , Griseri V. , Berquez L.
Published: July 2016

The behaviour of space charges injected in irradiated dielectrics has been studied for many years for space industry applications. In our case, the pulsed electro-acoustic method is chosen in order to determine the spatial distribution of injected electrons. The feasibility of a ring-shaped electrode which will allow the measurements during irradiation is presented. In this paper, a computer simulation is made in order to determine the parameters to design the electrode and find its position above the sample. The obtained experimental results on polyethylene naphthalate samples realized during electronic irradiation and through relaxation under vacuum will be presented and discussed.
Apparatus for testing gas-surface reactions for epicatalysis
Authors: Sheehan D. P. , Zawlacki T. A. , Helmer W. H.
Published: July 2016

Recently, a new mode of gas-surface heterogeneous catalysis (epicatalysis) has been identified, having potential applications ranging from industrial and green chemistry to novel forms of power generation. This article describes an inexpensive, easily constructed, vacuum-compatible apparatus by which multiple candidate gas-surface combinations can be rapidly screened for epicatalytic activity. In exploratory experiments, candidate surfaces (teflon, kapton, glass, and gold) and gases (helium, argon, cyclohexane, water, methanol, formic acid, and acetic acid) were tested for epicatalytic activity. Kapton and teflon displayed small but reproducible differences in formic acid and methanol dimer desorption, thereby demonstrating the first examples of room-temperature epicatalysis. Other gas-surface combinations showed smaller or inconclusive evidence for epicatalysis.
Photon absorption and emission properties of 7 Å SiC nanoclusters: Electronic gap, surface state, and quantum size effect
Authors: Guo Xiaoxiao , Chen Xifang , Fan Baolu , Zhang Yumeng , Fan Jiyang
Published: July 2016

People know little experimentally about the physical properties of the SiC nanoclusters with sizes of a couple of angstroms. Herein, we study the electronic structure and light absorption/emission properties of the SiC nanoclusters with an average diameter of 7 Å that are fabricated by diminishing the sizes of the SiC microcrystals under high pressure and high temperature. The results reveal that the SiC nanoclusters have an indirect energy gap of 5.1 eV. Unlike the case of larger SiC nanocrystals, the luminescence of the SiC nanoclusters is dominated by two types of oxygen-related surface defects, and the maximum of their photoluminescence/photoluminescence excitation spectrum lies at 4.1/3.3 and 3.8/3.0 eV, respectively. The energy gap of the SiC nanoparticles with reference to bulk value is found to be inversely proportional to the diameter to the power 0.97, which shows slower increase of energy gap with decreasing size than what is predicted by using the first-principles calculations.
High voltage threshold for stable operation in a dc electron gun
Authors: Yamamoto Masahiro , Nishimori Nobuyuki
Published: July 2016

We report clear observation of a high voltage (HV) threshold for stable operation in a dc electron gun. The HV hold-off time without any discharge is longer than many hours for operation below the threshold, while it is roughly 10 min above the threshold. The HV threshold corresponds to the minimum voltage where discharge ceases. The threshold increases with the number of discharges during HV conditioning of the gun. Above the threshold, the amount of gas desorption per discharge increases linearly with the voltage difference from the threshold. The present experimental observations can be explained by an avalanche discharge model based on the interplay between electron stimulated desorption (ESD) from the anode surface and subsequent secondary electron emission from the cathode by the impact of ionic components of the ESD molecules or atoms.
An integrative microfluidically supported in vitro model of an endothelial barrier combined with cortical spheroids simulates effects of neuroinflammation in neocortex development
Authors: Raasch Martin , Rennert Knut , Jahn Tobias , Gärtner Claudia , Schönfelder Gilbert , Huber Otmar , Seiler Andrea E. M. , Mosig Alexander S.
Published: July 2016

The development of therapeutic substances to treat diseases of the central nervous system is hampered by the tightness and selectivity of the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, testing of potential drugs is time-consuming and cost-intensive. Here, we established a new microfluidically supported, biochip-based model of the brain endothelial barrier in combination with brain cortical spheroids suitable to detect effects of neuroinflammation upon disruption of the endothelial layer in response to inflammatory signals. Unilateral perfusion of the endothelial cell layer with a cytokine mix comprising tumor necrosis factor, IL-1β, IFNγ, and lipopolysaccharide resulted in a loss of endothelial von Willebrand factor and VE-cadherin expression accompanied with an increased leakage of the endothelial layer and diminished endothelial cell viability. In addition, cytokine treatment caused a loss of neocortex differentiation markers Tbr1, Tbr2, and Pax6 in the cortical spheroids concomitant with reduced cell viability and spheroid integrity. From these observations, we conclude that our endothelial barrier/cortex model is suitable to specifically reflect cytokine-induced effects on barrier integrity and to uncover damage and impairment of cortical tissue development and viability. With all its limitations, the model represents a novel tool to study cross-communication between the brain endothelial barrier and underlying cortical tissue that can be utilized for toxicity and drug screening studies focusing on inflammation and neocortex formation.
Role of shear induced diffusion in acoustophoretic focusing of dense suspensions
Authors: Karthick S. , Sen A. K.
Published: July 2016

We investigate the interplay between acoustic and shear induced diffusion (SID) forces in acoustophoretic focusing of dense suspensions in a microchannel. A theoretical model is presented which accurately predicts the width of the focused band in terms of shear rate, acoustic energy density, and particle concentration. The role of SID is clearly demonstrated by switching off the acoustic field, which leads to the instantaneous spreading of the focused band. At a given acoustic energy density and particle concentration, there exists a critical shear rate Γcr above which the focusing of microparticles is prevented. For Γ<Γcr, an equilibrium focused band is formed whose width remains constant downstream.
Quantifying the intrinsic surface charge density and charge-transfer resistance of the graphene-solution interface through bias-free low-level charge measurement
Authors: Ping Jinglei , Johnson A. T. Charlie
Published: July 2016

Liquid-based bio-applications of graphene require a quantitative understanding of the graphene-liquid interface, with the surface charge density of adsorbed ions, the interfacial charge transfer resistance, and the interfacial charge noise being of particular importance. We quantified these properties through measurements of the zero-bias Faradaic charge-transfer between graphene electrodes and aqueous solutions of varying ionic strength using a reproducible, low-noise, minimally perturbative charge measurement technique. The measurements indicated that the adsorbed ions had a negative surface charge density of approximately −32.8 mC m−2 and that the specific charge transfer resistance was 6.5 ± 0.3 MΩ cm2. The normalized current noise power spectral density for all ionic concentrations tested collapsed onto a 1/fα characteristic with α = 1.1 ± 0.2. All the results are in excellent agreement with predictions of the theory for the graphene-solution interface. This minimally perturbative method for monitoring charge-transfer at the sub-pC scale exhibits low noise and ultra-low power consumption (∼fW), making it suitable for use in low-level bioelectronics in liquid environments.
Quantitative spectromicroscopy from inelastically scattered photoelectrons in the hard X-ray range
Authors: Renault O. , Zborowski C. , Risterucci P. , Wiemann C. , Grenet G. , Schneider C. M. , Tougaard S.
Published: July 2016

We demonstrate quantitative, highly bulk-sensitive x-ray photoelectron emission microscopy by analysis of inelastically scattered photoelectrons in the hard X-ray range, enabling elemental depth distribution analysis in deeply buried layers. We show results on patterned structures used in electrical testing of high electron mobility power transistor devices with an epitaxial Al0.25Ga0.75N channel and a Ti/Al metal contact. From the image series taken over an energy range of up to 120 eV in the Ti 1s loss feature region and over a typical 100 μm field of view, one can accurately retrieve, using background analysis together with an optimized scattering cross-section, the Ti depth distribution from 14 nm up to 25 nm below the surface. The method paves the way to multi-elemental, bulk-sensitive 3D imaging and investigation of phenomena at deeply buried interfaces and microscopic scales by photoemission.
Clinical care ratios: quantifying clinical versus non-clinical care for allied health professionals
Authors: Hearn Cherie , Govier Adam , Semciw Adam Ivan
Published: July 2016

Objective
Clinical care ratios (CCRs) are a useful tool that can be used to quantify and benchmark the clinical and non-clinical workloads of allied health professionals. The purpose of this study was to determine if CCRs are influenced by level of seniority, type of role or profession. This will provide meaningful information for allied health service managers to better manage service demand and capacity.

Method
Data was collected from 2036 allied health professionals from five professions across 11 Australian tertiary hospitals. Mean (95% confidence intervals) CCRs were calculated according to profession, seniority and role type. A two-way ANOVA was performed to assess the association of CCRs (dependent variable) with seniority level and profession (independent variables). Post-hoc pairwise comparisons identified where significant main or interaction effects occurred (α = 0.05).

Results
Significant main effects for seniority level and profession were identified (P < 0.05), but there was no interaction effect. Post-hoc comparisons revealed significant differences between all tier combinations (P < 0.05) with more senior staff having the lowest CCRs.

Conclusion
The direct and non-direct clinical components of the allied health professional’s workload can be quantified and benchmarked with like roles and according to seniority. The benchmarked CCRs for predominantly clinical roles will enable managers to compare and evaluate like roles and modify non-direct clinical components according to seniority and discipline.

What is known about the topic?
CCRs are a useful tool to quantify, monitor and compare workloads of allied health professionals. They are thought to change with increased seniority of roles. The CCRs for different allied health professional roles has yet to be defined in the literature.

What does this paper add?
CCRs decrease as level of seniority increases, indicating higher seniority increases non-clinical time. CCRs differ across professions, suggesting that benchmarking with CCRs must be profession specific.

What are the implications for practitioners?
The direct and non-direct clinical components of a workload can be quantified, defined and benchmarked with like roles to ensure cost-effective and optimal service delivery and patient outcomes.
Subsidies to target specialist outreach services into more remote locations: a national cross-sectional study
Authors: O'Sullivan Belinda G. , McGrail Matthew R. , Stoelwinder Johannes U.
Published: July 2016

Objective
Targeting rural outreach services to areas of highest relative need is challenging because of the higher costs it imposes on health workers to travel longer distances. This paper studied whether subsidies have the potential to support the provision of specialist outreach services into more remote locations.

Methods
National data about subsidies for medical specialist outreach providers as part of the Wave 7 Medicine in Australia: Balancing Employment and Life (MABEL) Survey in 2014.

Results
Nearly half received subsidies: 19% (n = 110) from a formal policy, namely the Australian Government Rural Health Outreach Fund (RHOF), and 27% (n = 154) from other sources. Subsidised specialists travelled for longer and visited more remote locations relative to the non-subsidised group. In addition, compared with non-subsidised specialists, RHOF-subsidised specialists worked in priority areas and provided equally regular services they intended to continue, despite visiting more remote locations.

Conclusion
This suggests the RHOF, although limited to one in five specialist outreach providers, is important to increase targeted and stable outreach services in areas of highest relative need. Other subsidies also play a role in facilitating remote service distribution, but may need to be more structured to promote regular, sustained outreach practice.

What is known about this topic?
There are no studies describing subsidies for specialist doctors to undertake rural outreach work and whether subsidies, including formal and structured subsidies via the Australian Government RHOF, support targeted outreach services compared with no financial support.

What does this paper add?
Using national data from Australia, we describe subsidisation among specialist outreach providers and show that specialists subsidised via the RHOF or another source are more likely to provide remote outreach services.

What are the implications for practitioners?
Subsidised specialist outreach providers are more likely to provide remote outreach services. The RHOF, as a formally structured comprehensive subsidy, further targets the provision of priority services into such locations on a regular, ongoing basis.
Concerted Pathway to the Mechanism of the Anilinolysis of Bis(N,N-diethylamino)phosphinic Chloride in Acetonitrile
Authors: Barai Hasi Rani
Published: July 2016

The kinetics of the nucleophilic substitution reactions of bis(N,N-diethylamino)phosphinic chloride with substituted anilines (XC6H4NH2) and deuterated anilines (XC6H4ND2) are investigated in MeCN at 65.0°C. The deuterium kinetic isotope effects (DKIEs) are secondary inverse (kH/kD < 1: 0.706–0.947) and the magnitudes of the secondary inverse DKIEs (kH/kD) increase constantly as the nucleophiles are changed from weakly basic to strongly basic anilines. The magnitudes of the selectivity parameters are ρX(H) = –6.34, and βX(H) = 2.24 with substituted anilines and ρX(D) = –6.13 and βX(D) = 2.17 with deuterated anilines. A concerted SN2 mechanism involving predominant backside attack is proposed based on the kH/kD values with substituent X.
Energetics of the Proton Transfer Pathway for Tyrosine D in Photosystem II
Authors: Saito Keisuke , Sakashita Naoki , Ishikita Hiroshi
Published: July 2016

The proton transfer pathway for redox active tyrosine D (TyrD) in photosystem II is a hydrogen-bond network that involves D2-Arg180 and a series of water molecules. Using quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical calculations, the detailed properties of the energetics and structural geometries were investigated. The potential-energy profile of all hydrogen bonds along the proton transfer pathway indicates that the overall proton transfer from TyrD is energetically downhill. D2-Arg180 plays a key role in the proton transfer pathway, providing a driving force for proton transfer, maintaining the hydrogen-bond network structure, stabilising P680•+, and thus deprotonating TyrD-OH to TyrD-O•. A hydrophobic environment near TyrD enhances the electrostatic interactions between TyrD and redox active groups, e.g. P680 and the catalytic Mn4CaO5 cluster: the redox states of those groups are linked with the protonation state of TyrD, i.e. release of the proton from TyrD. Thus, the proton transfer pathway from TyrD may ultimately contribute to the conversion of S0 into S1 in the dark in order to stabilise the Mn4CaO5 cluster when the photocycle is interrupted in S0.
In vitro characterisation of fresh and frozen sex-sorted bull spermatozoa
Authors: Holden Shauna A. , Murphy Craig , Moreno Juan F. , Butler Stephen T. , Cromie Andrew R. , Lonergan Patrick , Fair Sean
Published: July 2016

This study sought to compare the in vitro characteristics of fresh and frozen non-sorted (NS) and sex-sorted (SS) bull spermatozoa. Experiment 1: Holstein–Friesian ejaculates (n = 10 bulls) were split across four treatments and processed: (1) NS fresh at 3 × 106 spermatozoa, (2) X-SS frozen at 2 × 106 spermatozoa, (3) X-SS fresh at 2 × 106 spermatozoa and (4) X-SS fresh at 1 × 106 spermatozoa. NS frozen controls of 20 × 106 spermatozoa per straw were sourced from previously frozen ejaculates (n = 3 bulls). Experiment 2: Aberdeen Angus ejaculates (n = 4 bulls) were split across four treatments and processed as: (1) NS fresh 3 × 106 spermatozoa, (2) Y-SS fresh at 1 × 106 spermatozoa, (3) Y-SS fresh at 2 × 106 spermatozoa and (4) X-SS fresh at 2 × 106 spermatozoa. Controls were sourced as per Experiment 1. In vitro assessments for progressive linear motility, acrosomal status and oxidative stress were carried out on Days 1, 2 and 3 after sorting (Day 0 = day of sorting. In both experiments SS fresh treatments had higher levels of agglutination in comparison to the NS fresh (P < 0.001), NS frozen treatments had the greatest PLM (P < 0.05) and NS spermatozoa exhibited higher levels of superoxide anion production compared with SS spermatozoa (P < 0.05). Experiment 1 found both fresh and frozen SS treatments had higher levels of viable acrosome-intact spermatozoa compared with the NS frozen treatments (P < 0.01).