bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression of the “4.2 ka event” in the southern Rocky Mountains, USA
Authors: Liefert David T. , Shuman Bryan N.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The use of the climatic anomaly known as the “4.2 ka event” as the
stratigraphic division between the middle and late Holocene has prompted
debate over its impact, geographic pattern, and significance. The anomaly
has primarily been described as abrupt drying in the Northern Hemisphere at
ca. 4 ka (ka, thousands of years before present), but evidence of the
hydroclimate change is inconsistent among sites both globally and within
North America. Climate records from the southern Rocky Mountains demonstrate
the challenge with diagnosing the extent and severity of the anomaly.
Dune-field chronologies and a pollen record in southeastern Wyoming reveal
several centuries of low moisture at around 4.2 ka, and prominent low stands
in lakes in Colorado suggest the drought was unique amid Holocene
variability, but detailed carbonate oxygen isotope (δ18Ocarb) records from Colorado do not record drought at the same
time. We find new evidence from δ18Ocarb in a small
mountain lake in southeastern Wyoming of an abrupt reduction in effective
moisture or snowpack from approximately 4.2–4 ka, which coincides in time
with the other evidence of regional drying from the southern Rocky Mountains
and the western Great Plains. We find that the δ18Ocarb in
our record may reflect cool-season inputs into the lake, which do not appear
to track the strong enrichment of heavy oxygen by evaporation during summer
months today. The modern relationship differs from some widely applied
conceptual models of lake–isotope systems and may indicate reduced winter
precipitation rather than enhanced evaporation at ca. 4.2 ka.
Inconsistencies among the North American records, particularly in δ18Ocarb trends, thus show that site-specific factors can prevent
identification of the patterns of multi-century drought. However, the
prominence of the drought at ca. 4 ka among a growing number of sites in the
North American interior suggests it was a regionally substantial climate
event amid other Holocene variability.
Spatially resolved hourly traffic emission over megacity Delhi using advanced traffic flow data
Authors: Biswal Akash , Singh Vikas , Malik Leeza , Tiwari Geetam , Ravindra Khaiwal , Mor Suman
Published: May 2022

Abstract. This paper presents a bottom-up methodology to estimate multi-pollutant hourly gridded on-road traffic emission using advanced traffic flow and speed data for Delhi. We have used the globally adopted COPERT (Computer Programme to Calculate Emissions from Road Transport) emission functions to calculate the emission as a function of speed for 127 vehicle categories. At first the traffic volume and congestion (travel time delay) relation is applied to model the 24-hour traffic speed and flow for all the major road links of Delhi. The modelled traffic flow and speed shows an anti-correlation behaviour having peak traffic and emissions in morning-evening rush hours. We estimated an annual emission of 1.82 Gg for PME (Exhaust particulate matter), 0.94 Gg for BC (Black Carbon), 0.75 Gg for OM (Organic matter), 221 Gg for CO (Carbon monoxide), 56 Gg for NOx (Oxide of Nitrogen), 64 Gg for VOC (Volatile Organic Carbon), 0.28 Gg for NH3 (Ammonia), 0.26 Gg for N2O (Nitrous Oxide) and 11.38 Gg for CH4 (Methane) for 2018. The hourly emission variation shows bimodal peaks corresponding to morning and evening rush hours and congestion. The minimum emission rates are estimated in the early morning hours whereas the maximum emissions occurred during the evening hours. Inner Delhi is found to have higher emission flux because of higher road density and relatively lower average speed. Petrol vehicles dominate emission share (> 50 %) across all pollutants except PME, BC and NOx, and within them the 2W (Two-wheeler motorcycles) are the major contributors. Diesel fuelled vehicles contribute most of the PME emission. Diesel and CNG vehicles have a substantial contribution in NOx emission. This study provides very detailed spatio-temporal emission maps for megacity Delhi, which can be used in air quality models for developing suitable strategies to reduce the traffic related pollution. Moreover, the developed methodology is a step forward in developing real-time emission with the growing availability of real-time traffic data. The complete dataset is publicly available on Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6553770 (Singh et al., 2022).
Grain size of fluvial gravel bars from close-range UAV imagery – uncertainty in segmentation-based data
Authors: Mair David , Do Prado Ariel Henrique , Garefalakis Philippos , Lechmann Alessandro , Whittaker Alexander , Schlunegger Fritz
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Data on grain sizes of pebbles in gravel-bed rivers are of key importance for the understanding of river systems. To gather these data efficiently, low-cost UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) platforms have been used to collect images along rivers. Several methods to extract pebble size data from such UAV imagery have been proposed. Yet, despite the availability of information on the precision and accuracy of UAV surveys, a systematic analysis of the uncertainties that might be introduced into the resulting grain size distributions is still missing. Here we present the results of three close-range UAV surveys conducted along Swiss gravel-bed rivers with a consumer-grade UAV. We measure grain sizes on these images by segmenting grains, and we assess the dependency of the results and their uncertainties on the photogrammetric models. We employ a combined bootstrapping and Monte Carlo (MC) modelling approach to model percentile uncertainties while including uncertainty quantities from the photogrammetric model. Our results show that uncertainty in the grain size dataset is controlled by counting statistics, the selected orthoimage format, and the way the images are segmented. Therefore, our results highlight that grain size data are more precise and accurate, and largely independent on the quality of the photogrammetric model, if the data is extracted from single, undistorted orthoimages. In addition, they reveal that environmental conditions (e.g., exposure to light), which control the quality of the photogrammetric model, also influence the detection of grains during image segmentation, which can lead to a higher uncertainty in the grain size dataset. Generally, these results indicate that even relative imprecise and not accurate UAV imagery can yield acceptable grain size data, under the conditions that the photogrammetric alignment was successful and that suitable image formats were selected (preferentially single orthoimages).
Modular Assessment of Rainfall–Runoff Models Toolbox (MARRMoT) v2.1: an object-oriented implementation of 47 of your favourite hydrologic models for improved speed and readability
Authors: Trotter Luca , Knoben Wouter J. M. , Fowler Keirnan J. A. , Saft Margarita , Peel Murray C.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The Modular Assessment of Rainfall–Runoff Models Toolbox (MARRMoT) is a flexible modelling framework reproducing the behaviour of 47 established hydrological models. MARRMoT can be used to calibrate and run models in a user-friendly and consistent way and is designed to facilitate the sharing of model code for reproducibility and to support intercomparison between hydrological models. Additionally, it allows users to create or modify models using components of existing ones. We present a new MARRMoT release (v2.1) designed for improved speed and ease of use. Whereas improved computational efficiency was the main driver for this redevelopment, MARRMoT v2.1 also succeeds in drastically reducing the verbosity and repetitiveness of the code, which improves readability and facilitates debugging. The process to create new models or modify existing ones within the toolbox is also simplified in this version, making MARRMoT v2.1 accessible for researchers and practitioners at all levels of expertise. These improvements were achieved by implementing an object-oriented structure and aggregating all common model operations into a single class definition that all models inherit from. The new modelling framework maintains and improves on several of the good practices built into the original MARRMoT and includes a number of new features such as the possibility of retrieving more output in different formats, which simplifies troubleshooting, and a new functionality that simplifies the calibration process. We compare outputs of 36 of the models in the framework to an earlier published analysis and demonstrate that MARRMoT v2.1 is highly consistent with the previous version of MARRMoT (v1.4), while achieving a 3.6-fold improvement in runtime on average. The new version of the toolbox and user manual, including several workflow examples for common application, are available from GitHub (https://github.com/wknoben/MARRMoT, last accessed 12/5/2022. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6484372).
Integration of observed and model-derived groundwater levels in landslide threshold models in Rwanda
Authors: Uwihirwe Judith , Hrachowitz Markus , Bogaard Thom
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The incorporation of specific regional hydrological characteristics in empirical statistical landslide threshold models has considerable potential to improve the quality of landslide predictions towards reliable early warning systems. The objective of this research was to test the value of regional groundwater level information, as a proxy for water storage fluctuations, to improve regional landslide predictions with empirical models based on the concept of threshold levels. Specifically, we investigated (i) the use of a data-driven time series approach to model the regional groundwater levels based on short duration monitoring observations and (ii) the predictive power of single variable and bilinear threshold landslide prediction models derived from groundwater levels and precipitation. Based on statistical measures of the model fit (R2 and RMSE), the groundwater level dynamics estimated by the transfer function noise time series model are broadly consistent with the observed groundwater levels. The single variable threshold models derived from groundwater levels exhibited the highest landslide prediction power with 82 %–93 % of true positive alarms despite the quite high rate of false alarms with about 26 %–38 %. The further combination as bilinear threshold models reduced the rate of false alarms by about 18 %–28 % at the expense of reduced true alarms by about 9 %–29 % and is thus less advantageous than single variable threshold models. In contrast to precipitation-based thresholds, relying on threshold models exclusively defined using hydrological variables such as groundwater can lead to improved landslide predictions due to their implicit consideration of long-term antecedent conditions until the day of landslide occurrence.
What comes after the Sun? On the integration of soil biogeochemical pre-weathering into microplastic experiments
Authors: Büks Frederick , Kaupenjohann Martin
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Recent studies have been engaged in estimating the adverse effects of microplastic (MP) on soil quality parameters. Mass concentrations of MP, as found in highly contaminated soils, have been shown to weaken the soil structure, and parts of the edaphon are adversely affected mainly by the
<100 µm MP size fraction. However, the vast majority of these studies used pristine particles, which have surface characteristics different from those of environmental MP. Exposed to UV radiation, plastic
undergoes photochemical weathering with embrittlement and the formation of surface charge, leading to an alteration of physiochemical behavior. When plastic particles then enter the soil environment, further aging factors appear with yet unknown efficacy. This little explored soil biogeochemical phase includes biofilm cover, decay with enzymes (as shown in laboratory experiments with both conventional and biodegradable plastics), contact with biotic and abiotic acids, oxidants, and uptake by the soil fauna that causes physical fragmentation. Such transformation of the surfaces is assumed to affect soil aggregation processes, soil faunal health, and the transport of
plastic colloids and adsorbed solubles. This perspective article encourages us to consider the weathering history of MP in soil experiments and highlights the need for reproducing the surface characteristics of soil MP to conduct laboratory experiments with closer-to-nature results.
Extreme coherent gusts with direction change – probabilistic model, yaw control and wind turbine loads
Authors: Hannesdóttir Ásta , Verelst David Robert , Urbán Albert Meseguer
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Observations of large coherent fluctuations from a decade of measurements are used to define a probabilistic model of coherent gusts with direction change. The gust model provides the joint description of the gust rise time, amplitude and directional changes with a 50-year return period. In conjunction with the gust model, a yaw controller is presented in this study to investigate the load implications of the joint gust variables. These loads are compared with the design load case of the extreme coherent gust with direction change (ECD) from the IEC 61400-1 Ed.4 wind turbine safety standard. Within the5 framework of the gust model we find the return period of the ECD to be approximately 460 years. From the simulations we find that for gusts with a relatively long rise time the blade root flapwise bending moment, for example, can be reduced by including the considered yaw controller. From the extreme load comparison of the ECD and the modeled gusts we see that by including the variability in the gust parameters the load values from the modelled gusts are between 20 % and 74 % higher than the IEC gusts.
Numerical simulation of ice accretion on wind turbine blades
Authors: Caccia Francesco , Guardone Alberto
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Ice accretion on wind turbine blades causes both a change in the shape of its sections and an increase in surface roughness. This leads to degraded aerodynamic performances and lower power output. A high-fidelity multi-step method is here presented and applied to simulate a 3-hour rime icing event on the NREL 5 MW wind turbine blade. Five sections belonging to the outer half of the blade were considered. Independent time steps were applied to each blade section to obtain detailed ice shapes. The effect of roughness on airfoil performance was included in CFD simulations using an equivalent sand-grain approach. The aerodynamic coefficients of the iced sections were computed considering different roughness heights and extensions. The power curve before and after the icing event was computed according to the Design Load Case 1.1 of the International Electrotechnical Commission. In the icing event under analysis, the decrease in power output strongly depended on wind speed and, in fact, tip-speed ratio. Regarding the different roughness heights and extensions along the blade, power losses were qualitatively similar, but significantly different in magnitude, despite the presence of well-developed ice shapes.
Creative Work and the Research Quantum
Authors: Taylor Andrew
Published: May 2022

My contention in this paper is that in a number of universities, specifically the poorer or the newer (and they are usually the same), creative writing HDR writing programs face a threat as a result of changes recently made by the Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs (DETYA).
Defining professional writing as an area of scholarly activity
Authors: Surma Anne
Published: May 2022

This paper sets out to claim the discipline of professional writing as a legitimate and significant area of pedagogy, analysis and research, and not merely (as it is often crudely misperceived or, in the current climate, legitimised) as a market-driven, instrumental field, whose raison d’etre is simply to teach students rules, formulae and mnemonics for writing pithy documents that ‘sell’. Professional discourse, now proliferating in the print and electronic media, regularly interweaves a complex of languages - those of specialist and public/general knowledges, of information and persuasion, of public and community relations, of law and regulation, of citizenship and morality. It seems to me to be crucial that we provide a space for students to develop as critical writers and readers of those cultural texts, which to such a great extent regulate and organise our environments of government, industry, institution, community and home.
The Double Life
Authors: Perry Gaylene
Published: May 2022

Emerging from my experience and my research, I have a suggestion for those writers and their supervisors who encounter difficulties in wading through the fluid qualities of the HDR requirements. I suggest that they move on with writing, using the methods and approaches that work for them whenever they take up their pens. I advise them to trust their instincts: to know that the research material with the power to stop them, as individual writers, in their tracks, to wound, is likely to be the material that can guide the writers through the thesis phase of their works.
Beyond A Passion for Narrative
Authors: Hodgins Jack
Published: May 2022

Several years ago I was invited to do a reading tour of the Yukon, one of Canada’s territories in the far north. On one of the days I was flown in a little plane over the frozen white hills and the herds of migrating caribou, until we landed on a little gravel strip in the middle of nowhere where a fellow in a pickup truck was waiting for me. He drove me still farther north up winding gravel roads, where the snow got deeper and the trees got smaller, telling me the type of scary story that northerners like to tell southerners when they get them trapped. ‘Right over there is where old John Smith froze to death last week, sitting in the ditch with a beer bottle in his hand.’ As we got closer to the little mining village he said, ‘I don’t want you to be disappointed if not too many people come to your reading. It’s the middle of the day and all the miners are down the mine. But I can promise you one person in your audience. It’s in the library and I told the librarian she HAD to stay!’ Well, when we got to the library, not only had the librarian not stayed, she’d locked up the library and disappeared…
Fictive Certainty Underwrites Writing
Authors: Keane Jondi
Published: May 2022

This paper will propose that fictive certainty (the production of a certainty where none exists strong enough to orient thought and behaviour) plays a major role in self-organising models of biology, a role that has not been recognised. As a consequence, genres of expression would be linked to the realisation, or attempts to realise, fictive possibilities such as the autonomy of the organism, the imaginary anatomy, or any image of totality or wholeness including for example: time, space, nothingness, Language, and Perspective.

This inquiry positions fictive certainty on the line between metaphor and transformation, between influence and inflection, between effect and affect - a line that traces all the way to the border between the Imaginary and the Symbolic. To this end, I will strategically examine notions imported from philosophy, literature, art theory and biology. Maturana and Varela’s work in theoretical biology, particularly on autopoiesis and self-organisation, provides key insights that many contemporary practitioners have found applicable to their creative approaches. With this in mind fictive certainty is not proposed as a state of being, a truth structure (or effect), or as a description of structures or objects in the world (such as metaphors). It should be considered instead as an activity tied to our embodied dispositions and to the actual use we make of structures and objects in the world, especially our own mechanisms

of meaning.
The Lower Qishon Late Bronze Age Terrestrial and Maritime Network
Authors: Martín García José María , Artzy Michal
Published: May 2022

During the Late Bronze Age, a complex network of economic interactions constituted of various semi-independent political entities, yet economically interdependent, existed in the Lower Qishon. We conducted a comparative analysis of plainwares from different sites along the Lower Qishon to identify how they interacted during the LBA. We also performed a comparative study of the maritime-imported ceramics to uncover the maritime connections of the network. We conclude that the Lower Qishon network linked the southern Akko/Haifa Bay with the northwestern Jezreel Valley. On land, the network was in contact with Tel Hazor and the Transjordan. At sea, it was directly connected with Syro-Lebanese and Cypriote coastal sites and indirectly with Egypt, coastal Anatolia, and the Aegean.
Revitalising the Role of Literature in the Contemporary EFL Secondary Classroom: A Small-scale Study
Authors: Romo-Mayor Paula , Pellicer-Ortín Silvia
Published: May 2022

It can be asserted that nowadays a vast proportion of the world’s population needs to develop communicative competence in English to participate in transnational societies. Although there is still some reticence to use literature in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context, our main claim is that literary resources may be a powerful tool for the development of intercultural communicative competence in English. In particular, the main purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which literary resources are used in EFL teaching and analyse which literary genres are more attractive and appropriate for teenagers. In this study we have observed the extent to which literature is currently used in the teaching of EFL in the stage of secondary education in the region of Aragón. For that, the method to follow has been based on the development of different surveys used to gather information about the popularity of literature in some Aragonese classrooms. In addition to this, the literary genres which are more appropriate for teenagers have been examined through the creation of a checklist, and these data have supported the design, creation and partial implementation of an innovative project in the secondary-education classroom. The results of this implementation have led us to demonstrate that the development of communicative competence in our younger generations can be enhanced through literary texts if the selection and methodology used in the classroom are adequate.
Exploración de la sensibilidad intercultural del alumnado en centros bilingües de Educación Primaria de Aragón
Authors: Orosia Campos Iris , Lachén Iborra Patricia
Published: May 2022

Durante las últimas dos décadas ha habido una sólida apuesta institucional por la enseñanza de idiomas extranjeros a través de modelos educativos de integración de contenidos y lenguas extranjeras (AICLE). Esta situación ha centrado el interés investigador con estudios enfocados fundamentalmente al análisis de los efectos de la educación bilingüe sobre el rendimiento académico del alumnado. En el caso de Aragón, a pesar de encontrarse entre las Comunidades Autónomas que encabezan la apuesta por los modelos AICLE, no existen estudios de esta naturaleza. Con la finalidad de aportar evidencias sobre el potencial impacto de estos modelos educativos en Aragón se desarrolló una investigación cuantitativa centrada en explorar el nivel de sensibilidad intercultural del alumnado de Educación Primaria de centros bilingües. La investigación se llevó a cabo con 277 estudiantes de 4º, 5º y 6º de Educación Primaria. Los resultados evidencian una sensibilidad intercultural elevada y la ausencia de diferencias en función de variables que sí las han reportado en estudios previos, como son la edad, el sexo y la procedencia del alumnado y de sus progenitores. Además, se encuentra una correlación positiva entre el número de estancias realizadas en el extranjero y el nivel de sensibilidad intercultural del alumnado.
Metadiscursos de resistencia. Arengas, proclamas y poesía de compromiso en la prensa catalana durante la Guerra Civil (1936-1939)
Authors: Luengo López Jordi , García Fuentes Raquel
Published: May 2022

Más allá de los discursos hallados en la prensa catalana durante la Guerra Civil, manifiestos tanto en su antifascismo frente al avance del ejército nacional como en su perseverancia por mantener los ideales republicanos, hubo una amalgama de mensajes que testimoniaron dicha resistencia. Ciertas arengas exaltantes y fragmentos de “poesía comprometida” mostraron un latente inconformismo ante un régimen que ahogaba la libertad vivencial de todo un pueblo. Mediante la singularidad del territorio catalán, uno de los últimos en caer, analizaremos cómo, a través del lenguaje, estos metadiscursos infundieron un espíritu de resistencia al imaginario colectivo ante la “conquista” militar.
جريمة الحمل القسـري في القانون الدولي
Authors:   ماجستير في القانون، كـليـة الشريعـة والانـظمـة، جامعة الطائـف، المملكة العربية السعودية, الثمالي محمد
Published: May 2022

جاءت هذه الدراسة بعنوان جريمة الحمل القسري و إلى التعرف على جريمة الحمل القسري في القوانين الدولية، و اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لتحقيق أهدافها، و قسمت الدراسة إلى ثلاثة مباحث، حيث تناول المبحث الأول مفهوم جريمة الحمل القسري، و تناول المبحث الثاني أركان جريمة الحمل القسري، و تناول المبحث الثالث عقوبة جريمة الحمل القسري في القانون الدولي، و توصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج من أهمها أن جريمة الحمل القسري من أهم الجرائم ضد الإنسانية التي نص عليها في مؤتمر روما الأساسي لمكافحة الجرائم ضد الإنسانية، وبين نظام روما الأساسي أركان جريمة الحمل القسري من حيث قيام مرتكب الجريمة بحب أمرأه و أكثر أكرهت على الحمل بنية التأثير في التكوين العرقي لأي مجموعة من المجموعات السكانية، أو ارتكاب انتهاكات جسيمة أخرى للقانون الدولي، و لا يجوز بأي حال تفسير هذا التعريف على نحو يمس القوانين الوطنية المتعلقة بالحمل، وأن يصدر التصرف عن علم و في سياق هجوم واسع النطاق أو منهجي موجه ضد مجموعة من السكان المدنيين, ترجع الاهمية القصوى للبحث ليكون بمثابة مصدر مرجعي للباحثين في القانون الدولي فيما يتعلق بموضوعات العقوبات و حيثيات الوقائع الجرائمية المختصة بقوانين وإجراءات ثبوت حالة التعدي بالزنا أو إكراه بأي وجه من الاوجه على حقوق الانسانية و لا يعتمد ذلك الحق على الطبيعة العرقية او الدينية، بل يتم الحكم على الواقعة و حيثياتها من الناحية الاجرامية وفق القانون الدولي من الناحية الإنسانية، ومدى موافقة ذلك لبنود القانون الدولي و الشريعة الإسلامية، و قد خص الباحث عدة توصيات من أهمها ضرورة الاهتمام الدولي بجريمة الحمل القسري من خلال وضع نظام مستقل ينظم الجريمة، وضرورة ان يكون هناك نص قانوني ينظم جريمة الحمل القصري في المنظم السعودي.
LA INSPECCIÓN FRANCESA.DEL TRABAJO INDIVIDUAL AL TRABAJO EN EQUIPO
Authors: Jardon Elisabeth
Published: May 2022

La inspección francesa es diferente de la mayoría de las demás inspecciones europeas, ya que los inspectores participan en la evaluación individual de los profesores. Está formada por diferentes cuerpos de inspectores, reflejando los diferentes tipos de centros educativos.En 2015, una circular les asignó la evaluación de los centros educativos. Nuestras misiones aún están evolucionando y las estamos considerando. Sin embargo, exigimos la defensa del apoyo y la evaluación individual, junto con la evaluación de las escuelas.
PENGARUH CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT TERHADAP BRAND LOYALTY DENGAN VARIABEL MEDIASI BRAND ATTACHMENT DAN CUSTOMER TRUST
Authors: Widodo Teguh , Alivia Febrianti Ika Vendhea
Published: May 2022

Traveloka melakukan interaksi dengan pelanggan melalui media sosial untuk meningkatkan customer engagement yang dapat mempengaruhi brand loyalty. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh dari customer engagement terhadap brand loyalty dengan menggunakan variabel mediasi brand attachment dan customer trust. Digunakan metode kuantitatif untuk menguji hubungan antar variabel-variabel yang membentuk model persamaan struktural yaitu dengan menggunakan data empirik yang diambil melalui survey dangan lima skala linkert. Convenience sampling dengan teknik non-probability sampling digunakan terhadap 215 sampel responden dengan menggunakan kuesioner dengan 21 item pertanyaan yang disebarkan secara online dengan google form yang berasal dari pelanggan Traveloka Indonesia. Perangkat lunak yang digunakan untuk melakukan serangkaian pengujian didapatkan hasil seluruh variabel sudah valid dan reliabel, model penelitian memenuhi kriteria kecocokan. Enam hipotesis yang diajukan terdapat lima hipotesis diterima dan satu hipotesis ditolak. Variabel mediasi yang memiliki pengaruh paling besar terhadap brand loyalty adalah customer trust. Terdapat pengaruh tidak langsung pada customer engagement terhadap brand loyalty yaitu melalui brand attachment dan customer trust. Untuk meningkatkan brand loyalty, selain meningkatkan upaya customer engagement diperlukan juga untuk meningkatkan brand attachment dan customer trust. Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan untuk mengeksplorasi variabel lain yang menyangkut dengan kinerja pemasaran yang berdampak pada penjualan seperti purchase decision dan repurchase intention. Implikasi dari penelitian ini menguatkan teori cara meningkatkankan pengaruh customer engagement terhadap brand loyalty menggunakan variabel mediasi brand attachment dan customer trust.
Development of a Vibration Based-Heating Neckband for Cervical Spondylosis
Authors: Gavandi Waseemah , Jaiswal Mayank , Shah Parth AtulKumar
Published: May 2022

The post-pandemic working pattern has changed a lot due to the change in the mode of working and ease of flexibility as almost all the works are done online. This is affecting the lifestyle of the human due to continuing online working and due to this many health issues are being recorded. The main problem seen is in the postural change of the neck which results in minor or major neck pain problems. According to a study currently, the rate of neck pain is around 30% in adults, around 50% of individuals are facing a minor neck problem to some extent and 20% of humans experienced this neck pain in their daily activities.
Different types of neck diseases can be occurred due to this such as osteoarthritis, pinched nerves, postural pain, and also some problems related to cervical vertebrae, for the same the existing collar belt is modified and tried to make an affordable massager belt to have relief during this pain which helps the blood flow to maintain and can stimulate nerves.
Advanced treatment is embedded in this collar which has vibration motions and a heating pad that helps for the neck. According to their requirement, we can adjust the intensity of the motion. And also, this helps the improvement in the neck posture.

Keywords: [Cervical Spondylosis, Neck pain, Physiotherapy, Healthcare, Ultrasonic Heating Pad, Vibration effect]
The Relationship of Knowledge and Attitude to Clean Living Behavior of Midwife Students about COVID-19 Myths and Facts in the City of Pontianak West Kalimantan
Authors: Yuniarty Yetty , Noftalina Elsa , Putri Dwi Khalisa
Published: May 2022

The high risk and incidence of being infected with covid-19, therefore the behavior of preventing the transmission of viruses is very important, education needs to be carried out on how to prevent behavior. The role of medical students in preventing the transmission of covid-19 is to help educate the public, especially those around them regarding concrete actions to protect themselves during this pandemic, namely frequently washing hands with soap every time they handle foreign objects, wearing masks every time they leave the house, implementing a healthy living system and staying safe. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes towards clean living behavior of health students. This research uses a cross-sectional survey design. The population in this study were all midwifery students of Semester 2 Polytechnic 'Aisyiyah Pontianak, which amounted to 67 respondents. There is no significant relationship between the knowledge factor (p = 0.353) and the attitude factor (p = 0.864) on the clean living behavior of health students. There is no significant relationship between the knowledge factor and the attitude factor towards the clean living behavior of health students regarding the myths and facts of the covid-19 pandemic.

Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Clean Living Behavior
Effectiveness of Dual Task Exercises on Community Ambulation in Hemiparetic Patients
Authors: Raghunadh N , Swathi G , Kumar T Sunil
Published: May 2022

Background: Stroke is one of the major contributing factors for disability and handicap in adults. Hemiparetic stroke causes weakness of one side of the body and less severe than hemiplegia. Major problem following stroke is loss of walking ability, recovery of community ambulation is a priority goal for most patients. Various approaches in stroke rehabilitation have been studied to improve the walking ability of people with hemiparesis. The dual task is defined as simultaneous production of two tasks one "primary" and one "secondary", for which changes in performance are measured. Using dual-task paradigms as part of treatment may prove helpful in community ambulation, hence this study is to find out the effectiveness of dual task exercises on gait variables in subjects with hemiparesis.
Method: Total of 30 subjects with Hemiparesis was taken by convenience sampling. All the subjects were explained about their condition & mode of assessment and written informed consent was obtained from them and divided into 2 groups. The experimental group was scheduled to attend dual task exercises thrice in a week for four weeks. The control group were scheduled to attend supervised conventional therapy sessions weekly thrice for four weeks. Gait assessment was done by using foot print method. The outcome measures of the study were velocity, cadence, step length, stride length.
Results: Statistical Analysis were performed with SPSS version 16.0 package. On observing the means of post test parameters of experimental group A and control group B Independent t-test was done and the P- value is <0.05. There is a statistically significant difference in all gait parameters.
Conclusion: This study concludes that dual task exercises can be considered as effective treatment method for motivated patients with hemiparesis to improve the walking ability and community ambulation.

Keywords: Stroke, Hemiparesis, Dual Task, Gait, Foot Print Method.
To Compare the Immediate Effect of Hold-Relax Technique Versus Myofascial Release on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness of Quadriceps Muscle in Runners
Authors: Gala Shaili , Akhter Rizvi Syed Rais
Published: May 2022

Background and purpose: The objectives of the study were to assess and compare the effectiveness of Hold and Relax technique(H&R) with Thera gun and Myofascial release (MFR) with Thera gun on Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness (DOMS) of quadriceps in runners. Myofascial release and Hold and relax technique both are used for a recovery from exercise induced fatigue which involves pain, soreness and decreased range of motion (ROM) which is crucial for subsequent performance. Along with both these techniques vibrational therapy also helps in alleviating DOMS.
Method: This study was an experimental study design. The samples were selected on the basis of Simple Random Sampling method. 40 subjects selected, in the age ranging from 20 to 40 years were assigned in two groups; Group A received hold and relax technique along with Thera gun (20 subjects) and group B received myofascial release technique with Thera gun (20 subjects). Pain, muscle soreness and range of motion was measured using Visual analogue scale (VAS), 7- point Likert scale and Universal goniometer. Both, Pre intervention and post intervention was done. Immediate effect after the technique applied was recorded in the study.
Results: Means were analyzed using Paired ‘t’ test as a parametric and Wilcoxon signed rank test as a non-parametric test have been used to analyze the variables from preintervention to post-intervention with calculation of percentage of change, there was a significant improvement in means of VAS, 7-point Likert scale and universal goniometer in terms of pain, muscle soreness and range of motion.
Conclusion: Myofascial release technique was marginally more effective in reduction of pain and muscle soreness and increase range of motion.

Keywords: delayed onset of muscle soreness, hold and relax, myofascial release, vibrational therapy, Thera gun, visual analogue scale, 7-point Likert scale, universal goniometer, pain, range of motion.
Cases of removal of the criminal character of the act due to drunkness
Authors:   Free International University of Moldova, Bujor Constantin
Published: May 2022

According to the Romanian criminal law, the juridical-criminal institutions and their corresponding regulations are grouped around three fundamental realities, namely: the criminal act, the perpetrator and the legal constraint. The first reality corresponds to the institution of the crime and the regulations related to the crime, the second corresponds to the institution of criminal liability, and to the third, the institution of punishment, each with the corresponding regulations. In our opinion, therefore, drunkenness can be not only a mitigating factor of punishment, but also a cause that would exclude guilt, and consequently, criminal liability. For these reasons, the phrase "shall be taken into account when applying the sentence", a phrase contained in art. 24 Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova and art. 29 of the Romanian Penal Code - Poisoning - The act provided by the criminal law, committed by the person who, at the time of committing it, could not be aware of his actions or inactions, or could not control them, due to involuntary poisoning, is not imputable with alcohol or other psychoactive substances. The state of intoxication would thus be regulated in the criminal law of the Republic of Moldova and as a cause of removal of the criminal character, being a cause that excludes guilt.
Human security and ethics in support for sustainable development
Authors:   Institute of Legal, Political and Sociological Research, Republic of Moldova, Sprincean Serghei , Pîrţac Grigore ,   University of European Studies of Moldova, Sychev Andrey ,   N. P. Ogarev's Mordovia State University, Russia
Published: May 2022

Ethics and bioethics, on the one hand, and human security, on the other, defend social equity, human rights and advocate for the elimination of human risks in the context of global change. Social, economic, political, military, cultural or environmental processes, phenomena and events are interdependent, inter-influencing each other. Given the magnification of the adverse effects of the contemporary global crisis, which is characterized by complexity and multi-dimensioning, there are a number of new risks and threats to national, regional or global security. Ethical and bioethical as well as security issues converge on a similar methodology, as well as on a common set of approaches to this issue. The imperative need to address contemporary global threats to the protection of the human person can be met by reconceptualizing on a local, regional and global scale, methodologically and ethically and morally, the prospects for strengthening human security for a more sustainable and qualitative standard of living on the world map.
Current clinical anticipation of Arbidol against COVID-19: Possibilities
Authors: Hechhu Ramana , Vasanthi Rangapuram , Balcha Balla Tamrat , J Kaliaperumal
Published: May 2022

World Health Organization (WHO) has assessed that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as an epidemic. However, an effective antiviral for COVID-19 is still uncertain. Since the onset of the outbreak, the scientific and clinical community keep proposing many agents that would have efficacy against COVID-19. Arbidol is an indole core with proven effectiveness against influenza over the past few years apart from critics. The concrete hypothesis of arbidol interaction with spike glycoprotein prevents the entry of virus. Further, demonstrated clinical efficiency of arbidol against RNA virus and broad-spectrum inhibition of influenza A and B virus, adenovirus, and other viruses, including hepatitis C virus, drives us to seek more understating of the molecule and its clinical possibilities. In this review, we attempt to describe the many possible hypotheses of arbidol against Covid-19.
3D QSAR Analysis of Flavones as Antidiabetic agents
Authors: Sainy Navin , Dubey Nidhi , Sharma Rajesh , Dubey Nitin , Sainy Jitendra
Published: May 2022

Diabetes is the most prevailing disease worldwide and emerged as the fourth leading cause of mortality. Inhibition of intestinal α-Glucosidase enzyme is an effective approach for controlling post prandial hyperglycemia. α-Glucosidase inhibitors are known to be very effective in decreasing post-prandial hyperglycemia but the existing drugs are weak inhibitors of α-Glucosidase and also have side effects. Hence it needs for new therapeutic candidate which can effectively inhibit the activity of α-Glucosidase. Flavones recognized as the potential lead structure for many pharmacological activities. In the present research work 3D QSAR (comparative molecular field analysis and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis) was carried out on a series of flavones to identify structural requirement for effective inhibition of α-Glucosidase enzyme. The QSAR results shows that the LOO cross-validated q2 values of CoMFA and CoMSIA models are 0.742 and 0.759, respectively. The outcome of this research work could be effectively utilized for design of better α-Glucosidase inhibitors.
Mechanism of Apoptosis Retinal Ganglion Cells Rattus norvegicus Caused by Ethambutol
Authors: Agustini Lukisiari , Nurwasis Nurwasis , Aryati Aryati , Suhendro Gatut , Winarto Winarto , Sudiana I Ketut , Widjiati Widjiati , Purwanto Bambang
Published: May 2022

Background: The cause of cell death is thought to be due to the pathological apoptotic process in Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs), but how the exact mechanism of what is most influential is still not explained. Objective: This study aimed to explain the mechanism of RGCs apoptosis Rattus Norvegicus which is thought to underlie the occurrence of ethambutol toxic optic neuropathy. Methods: A total of 42 male, adult Rattus norvegicus Sprague-Dawley strains were divided into 6 groups with 3 control groups and 3 treatment groups in a randomized design with time series test. The treatment groups were given ethambutol 15 mg/kg/day for each group within 5, 10 and 15 days orally using a gauge.Expressions of SOD2, MDA, PKC δ, p53, Cyt c, Caspase 3 and apoptosis were examined by immunohistochemical methods. Results: Ethambutol affected significant decreased expression of SOD2 with p=0.002 in 5 days, p=0.013 in 10 days and p=0.018 in 15 days; significant increased MDA in 5 days with p=0.05, 10 days with p=0.017, 15 days with p=0.002; significant increased p53 in 5 days with p=0.012, 10 days with p=0.002, 15 days with p=0.001; significant increased Cyt c in 5 days with p=0.004, 10 days with p=0.001, 15 days with p=0.001; significant increased Caspase 3 in 5 days with p=0.001, 10 days with p=0.003, 15 days with p=0.001 and apoptosis in 5 days with p=0.001, 10 days with p=0.001, 15 days with p=0.001. Conclusion: The mechanism of apoptosis of RGCs caused by ethambutol was showed via decreased expression SOD2, increased expression of MDA, p 53, Cyt c, Caspase 3 andapoptosis. These biomarkers are essential to detect apoptosis as one of mechanism in cell death.
Student Perspectives on Barriers to Timely Graduation
Authors: Kim Juhee
Published: May 2022

This study examines the barriers preventing students from graduating college in four years and proposes strategies for enhancing student academic completion and retention in higher education. To explore contemporary perspectives, Appreciative Inquiry was employed. The findings revealed the personal and institutional level of challenges as well as the need for a support system to ensure timely graduation. Addressing students’ biggest barriers to timely graduation require campus-wide engagement and deep collaboration across institutional functions. Specifically, higher education institutions need to provide adequate academic, social, and cultural assistance to embrace international, minority, low-income, and first-generation college students.
CONCILIANDO MORFOLOGIA E MOLÉCULAS EM RECONSTRUÇÕES DA HISTÓRIA EVOLUTIVA DE PROTISTAS CILIADOS
Authors: Fernandes Noemi Mendes
Published: May 2022

Estudos de evolução molecular de protistas ciliados são baseados quase exclusivamente em genes ribossomais, os quais, frequentemente, recuperam árvores filogenéticas que divergem da tradicional sistemática morfológica. Tais filogenias geralmente apresentam baixa resolução, principalmente dos nós mais profundos, falhando em recuperar as relações evolutivas entre linhagens com tempos de divergência mais antigos. O presente capítulo introduz os conflitos entre a classificação tradicional e filogenias baseadas em dados moleculares em Ciliophora e apresenta uma abordagem que foi adotada para melhorar a compreensão da história evolutiva dos grupos internos da classe Heterotrichea, utilizando sequências de cinco marcadores moleculares e dados morfológicos em análises filogenéticas combinadas. O conceito de coalescência multiespécies foi aplicado, pela primeira vez em Ciliophora, para modelar as discrepâncias entre as árvores de genes, causadas por efeitos como distribuição incompleta de linhagens ou incomplete lineage sorting. Os resultados revelaram que: (1) as árvores de genes são inconsistentes quanto a posição filogenética de algumas famílias de heterotríqueos; (2) a árvore inferida usando o modelo de coalescência multiespécies é consistente com filogenias baseadas no gene 18S-rDNA, suportando Spirostomidae como a linhagem que divergiu primeiro do ancestral comum dos atuais heterotríqueos. A concatenação dos dados morfológicos e moleculares foi eficaz na resolução dos nós internos da filogenia de Heterotrichea, apresentando hipóteses estatisticamente mais plausíveis e robustas sobre a evolução das linhagens desta classe.
A Learning and Teaching Method for the Online Environment that Delivers: Coupling a Soft Socratic Method with a Humanistic, Nurturing Approach
Authors: Evans Alex C
Published: May 2022

There is limited literature on soft Socratic methods of teaching in Law and limited literature on effective teaching methods for the online environment. With the movement of learning and teaching online by universities in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and attendant lockdowns, one question became important – what is a successful pedagogical method for the online environment? While universities initially saw this as a temporary, emergency measure, learning and teaching online now looks to be more of a permanent change in tertiary education.

This article evaluates the effectiveness of a student-focused teaching method, which couples a soft version of the Socratic Method with a Humanistic, nurturing approach, that I observed in Felix Frankfurter Professor of Law Noah Feldman and Ropes & Gray Professor Alvin C Warren Jnr’s classes at Harvard Law School in 2013, and then adapted for the online environment and refined between 2016 and 2018.

The evaluation is made using the four lenses from Stephen Brookfield’s book Becoming a Critically Reflective Teacher. Those lenses are: contextualisation in theory; students’ eyes; colleagues’ perception, and self-reflection. For the theoretical lens, the article analyses the traditional Socratic Method and the wide-ranging criticisms of it. The article then presents data collected from student surveys, peer reviews and self-reflection as a preliminary study.

It is hoped that this article will assist other academics who are navigating online learning and teaching, and are curious about techniques and methodologies that have grown out of institutions in the United States of America. While this method was developed to teach Tax Law at a postgraduate level in groups of between 18 and 50 students, the technique could easily be applied in teaching: undergraduate students; students in other courses in Law, and in other disciplines.