bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Tensor to Vector of Gravitation
Authors: Eshagh Mehdi
Published: June 2014

Different gravitational force models are used for determining the satellites’ orbits. The satellite gravity gradiometry (SGG) data contain this gravitational information and the satellite accelerations can be determined from them. In this study, we present that amongst the elements of the gravitational tensor in the local north-oriented frame, all of the elements are suitable for this purpose except Txy. Three integral formulae with the same kernel function are presented for recovering the accelerations from the SGG data. The kernel of these integrals is well-behaving which means that the contribution of the far-zone data is not very significant to their integration results; but this contribution is also dependent on the type of the data being integrated. Our numerical studies show that the standard deviations of the differences between the accelerations recovered from Tzz, Txz and Tzy and those computed by an existing Earth´s gravity model reduce by increasing the cap size of integration. However, their root mean squared errors increase for recovering Ty from Tyz. Larger cap sizes than 5 on is recommended for recovering Tx and Tz but smaller ones for Ty.
Simplified Orbit Determination Algorithm for Low Earth Orbit Satellites Using Spaceborne GPS Navigation Sensor
Authors: Tukaram Aghav Sandip , Achyut Gangal Shashikala
Published: June 2014

In this paper, the main work is focused on designing and simplifying the orbit determination algorithm which will be used for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) navigation. The various data processing algorithms, state estimation algorithms and modeling forces were studied in detail, and simplified algorithm is selected to reduce hardware burden and computational cost. This is done by using raw navigation solution provided by GPS Navigation sensor. A fixed step-size Runge-Kutta 4th order numerical integration method is selected for orbit propagation. Both, the least square and Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) orbit estimation algorithms are developed and the results of the same are compared with each other. EKF algorithm converges faster than least square algorithm. EKF algorithm satisfies the criterions of low computation burden which is required for autonomous orbit determination. Simple static force models also feasible to reduce the hardware burden and computational cost.
Positional Accuracy Assessment of Googleearth in Riyadh
Authors: Farah Ashraf , Algarni Dafer
Published: June 2014

Google Earth is a virtual globe, map and geographical information program that is controlled by Google corporation. It maps the Earth by the superimposition of images obtained from satellite imagery, aerial photography and GIS 3D globe. With millions of users all around the globe, GoogleEarth® has become the ultimate source of spatial data and information for private and public decision-support systems besides many types and forms of social interactions. Many users mostly in developing countries are also using it for surveying applications, the matter that raises questions about the positional accuracy of the Google Earth program. This research presents a small-scale assessment study of the positional accuracy of GoogleEarth® Imagery in Riyadh; capital of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The results show that the RMSE of the GoogleEarth imagery is 2.18 m and 1.51 m for the horizontal and height coordinates respectively.
Comparative Analysis of Satellite Measurements Calculation Results Using the Postprocessing Services: Asg-Eupos (Poland), Apps (USA) and CSRS (Canada)
Authors: Mika Monika , Kudach Jakub
Published: June 2014

The publication has a cognitive research character. It presents a comparative analysis of free Internet services in Poland and abroad, used to adjust the data obtained using satellite measurement techniques. The main aim of this work is to describe and compare free tools for satellite data processing and to examine them for possible use in the surveying works in Poland. Among the many European and global services three of them dedicated to satellite measurements were selected: ASG-EUPOS (Poland), APPS (USA) and CSRS (Canada). The publication contains the results of calculations using these systems. Calculations were based on RINEX files obtained via postprocessing service (ASG-EUPOS network) POZGEO D for 12 reference stations in the South Poland.

In order to examine differences in results between the ASG-EUPOS, APPS and CSRS the transformation points coordinate to a single coordinate system ETRF 2000 (in force in Poland) was made. Studies have shown the possibility of the calculation in Poland (in postprocessing mode) using the analyzed applications with global coverage.
Some inequalities in bicentric quadrilateral
Authors: Bencze Mihály , Drăgan Marius
Published: June 2014

In this paper we prove some results concerning bicentric quadrilaterals. We offer a new proof of the Blundon-Eddy inequality, which we use to obtain other inequalities in bicentric quadrilaterals.
Approximation by limit q-Bernstein operator
Authors: Finta Zoltán
Published: June 2014

We establish quantitative estimates for the limit q-Bernstein operator introduced in [3], via the second order Ditzian-Totik modulus of smoothness.
Performance evaluation of two Markovian retrial queueing model with balking and feedback
Authors: Bouchentouf A. A. , Belarbi F.
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we consider the performance evaluation of two retrial queueing system. Customers arrive to the system, if upon arrival, the queue is full, the new arriving customers either move into one of the orbits, from which they make a new attempts to reach the primary queue, until they find the server idle or balk and leave the system, these later, and after getting a service may comeback to the system requiring another service. So, we derive for this system, the joint distribution of the server state and retrial queue lengths. Then, we give some numerical results that clarify the relationship between the retrials, arrivals, balking rates, and the retrial queue length.
Related fixed point theorem for four complete metric spaces
Authors: Gupta Vishal
Published: June 2014

In the present paper, we obtain a new result on fixed point theorem for four metric spaces. Here we choose continuous mappings. In fact our result is the generalization of many results of fixed point theorem on two and three metric spaces. We also give some illustrative examples to justify our result.
A hyperbolic variant of the Nelder–Mead simplex method in low dimensions
Authors: Lócsi Levente
Published: June 2014

The Nelder-Mead simplex method is a widespread applied numerical optimization method with a vast number of practical applications, but very few mathematically proven convergence properties. The original formulation of the algorithm is stated in Rn using terms of Euclidean geometry. In this paper we introduce the idea of a hyperbolic variant of this algorithm using the Poincaré disk model of the Bolyai- Lobachevsky geometry. We present a few basic properties of this method and we also give a Matlab implementation in 2 and 3 dimensions
Meromorphic functions sharing fixed points and poles with finite weights
Authors: Sahoo Pulak
Published: June 2014

In the paper, with the aid of weighted sharing method we study the problems of meromorphic functions that share fixed points (or a nonzero finite value) and poles with finite weights. The results of the paper improve some recent results due to Y. H. Cao and X. B. Zhang [Journal of Inequalities and Applications, 2012:100].
Some applications of differential subordination to certain subclass of p-valent meromorphic functions involving convolution
Authors: Seoudy T. M. , Aouf M. K.
Published: June 2014

By using the principle of differential subordination, we introduce subclass of p-valent meromorphic functions involving convolution and investigate various properties for this subclass. We also indicate relevant connections of the various results presented in this paper with the obtained results in earlier works.
Kinematic gait analysis of a young man after amputation of the toes
Authors: Forczek Wanda , Ruchlewicz Tadeusz , Gawęda Anna
Published: June 2014

Study aim: the foot is recognised as a “functional unit” with two important aims: to support body weight and to serve as a lever to propel the body forward. When it is impaired, the locomotor pattern has to adapt to compensate for the dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to investigate gait kinematics of a man after bilateral partial amputation of the toes.

Material and methods: the subject of the study was a young man aged 30 years (body height and mass: 186 cm, 82 kg) who suffered a frostbite injury in the feet while climbing in the severe mountain conditions. After a few months of treatment, the necessary amputation occurred. Three-dimensional lower limb kinematics was collected from motion capture system (Vicon 250) and Golem marker set-up using 5 video-based cameras with infrared strobes. The subject performed over-ground walking at self-selected speed, first barefoot, then wearing athletic shoes.

Results: the patient’s results are the mean values of sixteen full gait cycles. The spatiotemporal parameters were lower during gait without shoes. In terms of the angular changes of the lower limb joints in sagittal plane, the analysis revealed similar functional patterns and typical trends in both recorded conditions. The differences, however, occurred in their amplitude. A larger range of motion was generally noted in shod conditions. The higher the joint was, the smaller the differences were.

Conclusion: changes in gait due to the forefoot dysfunction may be stabilizing adaptations related to fear of falling. Footwear provided more stable conditions.
A variant of gravitational classification
Authors: Górecki Tomasz , Luczak Maciej
Published: June 2014

In this article there is proposed a new two-parametrical variant of the gravitational classification method. We use the general idea of objects' behavior in a gravity field. Classification depends on a test object's motion in a gravity field of training points. To solve this motion problem, we use a simulation method. This classifier is compared to the 1NN method, because our method tends towards it for some parameter values. Experimental results on different data sets demonstrate an improvement in efficiency and that this approach outperforms the 1NN method by providing a significant reduction in the mean classification error rate.
Survival probabilities for HIV infected patients through semi-Markov processes
Authors: Masala Giovanni , Cannas Giuseppina , Micocci Marco
Published: June 2014

In this paper we apply a parametric semi-Markov process to model the dynamic evolution of HIV-1 infected patients. The seriousness of the infection is rendered by the CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts. For this purpose we introduce the main features of nonhomogeneous semi-Markov models. After determining the transition probabilities and the waiting time distributions in each state of the disease, we solve the evolution equations of the process in order to estimate the interval transition probabilities. These quantities appear to be of fundamental importance for clinical predictions. We also estimate the survival probabilities for HIV infected patients and compare them with respect to certain categories, such as gender, age group or type of antiretroviral therapy. Finally we attach a reward structure to the aforementioned semi-Markov processes in order to estimate clinical costs. For this purpose we generate random trajectories from the semi-Markov processes through Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed model is then applied to a large database provided by ISS (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy), and all the quantities of interest are computed.
Analysis of studies of the effectiveness of a biological method of protection for organic crops
Authors: Kozłowska Maria , Jaskulska Monika , Łacka Agnieszka , Kozłowski Radosław J.
Published: June 2014

As a result of intensive changes in plant production and of environmental changes in agrocenoses, certain agrophages, such as slugs, have in recent years been causing ever increasing amounts of damage to crops of agricultural, horticultural and orchard plants. As a result of the European Parliament and Council Directive adopted on 13 January 2009, the countries of Europe have been required to implement integrated plant protection. One of the principles of this protection is the implementation of strategies which minimize the use of chemical pesticides. Moreover, in accordance with decisions of the European Commission, many active substances have been or are to be withdrawn from the list of available pesticides. An example is metaldehyde, which is to be withdrawn from use in EU countries in the next few years (Commission Decision C/2008/7637 of 5 December 2008). It therefore becomes necessary to seek environmentally safe substances and to develop non-chemical methods for protecting plants against harmful slugs.

An alternative to chemical molluscicides is the parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita. Studies have been made of the effectiveness of this biological method in combating Polish populations of the invasive slug species Arion lusitanicus. This was an incomplete multivariate study, i.e. not all variables could be observed for all treatments on all experimental units. Multivariate model of observations has been derived and a method of analysis has been described. The results of these studies provide a basis for the development of environmentally friendly methods of protecting plants against harmful slugs.
A kernel-based learning algorithm combining kernel discriminant coordinates and kernel principal components
Authors: Deręgowski Karol , Krzyśko Mirosław
Published: June 2014

Kernel principal components (KPC) and kernel discriminant coordinates (KDC), which are the extensions of principal components and discriminant coordinates, respectively, from a linear domain to a nonlinear domain via the kernel trick, are two very popular nonlinear feature extraction methods. The kernel discriminant coordinates space has proven to be a very powerful space for pattern recognition. However, further study shows that there are still drawbacks in this method. To improve the performance of pattern recognition, we propose a new learning algorithm combining the advantages of KPC and KDC
The influence of perinatal and current dioxin and PCB exposure on reproductive parameters (sex-ratio, menstrual cycle characteristics, endometriosis, semen quality, and prematurity): a review
Authors: Leijs M.M. , van der Linden L.M. , Koppe J.G. , Olie K. , van Aalderen W.M.C. , ten Tusscher G.W.
Published: June 2014

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins (PCDDs/Fs) are well-known endocrine disrupters. This paper strives to elucidate the data on reproductive consequences of perinatal dioxin and PCB exposure in men and women. We focused on the following end-points: sex-ratio, endometriosis, menstrual cycle characteristics, sperm quality, and prematurity. We summarize 46 papers and compare their results including effects seen after exposure to background concentrations. Seven of twelve studies showed a decrease in sex-ratio after parental dioxin or PCB exposure. In three of the seven studies, effects were seen after paternal exposure and in three after maternal exposure. In eight of the nine studies on menstrual cycle characteristics, abnormalities were associated with PCB or dioxin exposure, however the results differed. In three studies PCB and TCDD were associated with longer menstrual cycles, while three studies indicated that an increase in PCB/PCDF exposure was associated with shorter cycles. Five studies showed effects on menstrual bleeding with higher PCB or dioxin exposure. A higher rate of irregular menstrual cycles in exposed women was seen in four studies. The conflicting outcomes probably result from variability in study design, timing of exposure and endocrine disrupting properties of the measured congeners. Nine of sixteen studies detected higher PCB or dioxin exposure in women with endometriosis. However, the manner of diagnosing endometriosis and the character of the studies varied from prospective to retrospective. Five of eight studies focusing on sperm quality showed that men, with higher serum concentrations of PCBs and/or PCB congeners and/or PCDFs, had reduced sperm quality, including increased abnormal morphology and reduced motility. The exposure timeframe seemed important here. There are two studies addressing preterm birth in relation to PCBs, one mentioned a shortening of three days of gestational age, two other studies did not find a relation. Recently one study related a shorter gestational age of half a week with overall dioxin activity measured with the CALUX method in cord blood, particularly in boys. In conclusion, exposure to PCBs and dioxins has a negative effect on the reproductive systems of human populations. Although some speculations have been made, the exact mechanism of these effects and the interactions of these compounds with other endocrine disruptors are not yet known. Age at exposure and congener specific properties are probably crucial in interpreting the observed results.
The influence of perinatal and current dioxin and PCB exposure on puberty: a review
Authors: Leijs M.M. , van der Linden L.M. , Koppe J.G. , de Voogt P. , Olie K. , van Aalderen W.M.C. , ten Tusscher G.W.
Published: June 2014

Over the last two decades much has been
written about the consequences of perinatal dioxin
and PCB exposure in humans. In this paper we strive
to elucidate the data on puberty in relation to these
endocrine disruptive compounds in human populations.
Effects in PCB/dioxin-exposed human populations on
puberty are seen, not only in highly exposed cohorts, but
also in average populations with background exposures.
Study showed effects like increased weight, a delay
in pubic hair growth and male genital development in
boys, sex-hormone homeostasis, reduced penile length,
and delayed age at first ejaculation after PCB exposure.
Effects seen after dioxin exposure include retarded
initiation and stage of breast development in girls, earlier
menarche, disruption of sex hormone homeostasis,
reduced testicular volume and reduced penile length
in boys. The data published by different studies were
inconclusive as a result of different methodological
setup as well as because of multiple exposure settings.
Populations were exposed to different mixtures of
dioxin/PCB congeners or mixtures with other endocrine
disrupters, and therefore synergistic and antagonistic
effects with PCBs and dioxins are possible. Dioxinlike
compounds disturb the hormonal balance mainly through interaction with the Ah receptor, which may
influence the synthesis of hormones or their transport
proteins. However, we have to keep in mind that
hormonal balance during puberty could also be altered
by disruption of the thyroid homeostasis. Another
important possible mechanism is the induction of
epigenetic changes or effects on genetic polymorphism.
The fact that exposure to background concentrations of
dioxin-like compounds and PCBs also has effects on the
reproductive development is disconcerting and warrants
further research and long term follow-up studies.
Top-down and Bottom-up Urban and Regional Planning: Towards a Framework for the Use of Planning Standards
Authors: Pissourios Ioannis A.
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the ways that the top-down and the bottom-up approaches to planning can be combined in the practice of planning standards. In the first part, the paper examines the utilization of planning standards through time, while in the second part it aims to unravel the relationship between the use of planning standards and the top-down as well as the bottom-up planning approach. In the third part, the paper focuses on the limitations of bottom-up approaches, in order to demonstrate that they can only be used in a certain planning scale, leaving all other scales to top-down approaches. Last but not least, the paper proposes a framework for the use of planning standards in a combined top-down and bottom-up planning approach.
Urban Regeneration in Rotterdam: Economic and Social Values
Authors: Mak Ariënne , Stouten Paul
Published: June 2014

Development of economic and social values is regarded as a key factor in urban development and urban regeneration. With its history of urban renewal and regeneration since the 1970s, Rotterdam provides an example to assess the profound changes from a socialized mode of housing provision and urban renewal towards more market-oriented strategies. In this light, new forms of gentrification are becoming a regular strategy in former urban renewal areas, mainly dominated by social housing. The paper examines the development of economic and social values in areas of Rotterdam that have been transformed through the vast urban renewal and subsequent regeneration programs. Mostly these programs are area-based approaches that got priority in more European countries.
On weighted total least squares adjustment for solving the nonlinear problems
Authors: Hu C. , Chen Y. , Peng Y.
Published: June 2014

In the classical geodetic data processing, a non- linear problem always can be converted to a linear least squares adjustment. However, the errors in Jacob matrix are often not being considered when using the least square method to estimate the optimal parameters from a system of equations. Furthermore, the identity weight matrix may not suitable for each element in Jacob matrix. The weighted total least squares method has been frequently applied in geodetic data processing for the case that the observation vector and the coefficient matrix are perturbed by random errors, which are zero mean and statistically in- dependent with inequality variance. In this contribution, we suggested an approach that employ the weighted total least squares to solve the nonlinear problems and to mitigate the affection of noise in Jacob matrix. The weight matrix of the vector from Jacob matrix is derived by the law of nonlinear error propagation. Two numerical examples, one is the triangulation adjustment and another is a simulation experiment, are given at last to validate the feasibility of the developed method.
Consuming Familiarity and Alterity in Domestic Space
Authors: Slettemeås Dag
Published: June 2014

The present article addresses how stereotyped constructions of migrants’ television behaviour should be contrasted with empirical investigations into the perceptions and articulated practices of migrants themselves. In order to do this, the article explores how 20 migrant households in Norway make sense of television and TV-related activities in their everyday lives. The analysis, employing the domestication theoretical framework, reveals that TV consumption is a multi-faceted and situationally contingent phenomenon. The “practicing of television” goes beyond the mere viewing of programmes based on ethnic origin. Although transnational broadcasts are important, they are neither uncritically domesticated nor sufficient in creating a sense of stability and belonging for migrant families. Rather, it is television as a total experience that proves to be a crucial element in home construction. The domestication theory offers an analytical framework that allows for the dynamics of household relations to be properly articulated, including the embedding of television within household moral economies
Nation-building, not “Resistance Radio”
Authors: Plaut Shayna
Published: June 2014

Saami media are an important, if not invaluable, part of Saami society recognized as both a right and a service to the Saami people. In fact, the role of media and media outlets has often been referenced as a manifestation of self determination. However, whereas other Indigenous and ethnic minority media often seek clear financial independence from the state, my research shows that the Saami have a more nuanced and complicated approach. Based primarily on 25 in-depth interviews with Saami journalists, journalism educators and others who have been involved with communication I shed light on the evolving, robust and at times contested understandings of self determination as articulated, justified and practiced by Saami media makers. I argue that by not conflating self-determination with financial independence, Saami media practitioners are engaged in an evolving understanding and practice of media and self determination
Teachers' Performance in Relation to Teaching of Motor Skills during Lessons of Physical Education
Authors: Gałecki Janusz , Kurpeta Lech , Cieśeliński Igor
Published: June 2014

Introduction. The aim of the study was to assess the teacher's performance during developing motor skills in students by physical education teachers. Results and findings from the assessment of preparatory, indicatory, control, correcting and pro-social activities are presented in the paper. Motivating and informing activities were assessed and reported in the first part of the study [1]. Material and methods. The study was conducted in 55 upper-secondary schools in the Lubelszczyzna province. Thirty female and 52 male teachers, representing all stages of the professional career, participated. Based on a pre-defined form used for the surveillance, data from 315 school classes was collected. Results. The data was analysed with respect to gender and the stage of professional career of the participants. Significant differences in the conduct of the subsequent activities were found between male and female teachers. Minor tendencies towards alterations were observed among individual stages of the career. Conclusions. In general, the studied teachers performed satisfactorily as regards students' motor skills' development, regardless their stage of professional career, and gender.
Physiotherapy in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis - current recommendations based on the recommendations of SOSORT 2011 (Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment)
Authors: Czaprowski Dariusz , Kotwicki Tomasz , Durmała Jacek , Stoliński Łukasz
Published: June 2014

SOSORT is an international scientific society interested in spinal deformities, including idiopathic scoliosis (IS). One of the main tasks of the society is to provide diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations for all professionals involved in the conservative treatment of patients with IS.

As a part of treatment of scoliosis we distinguished conservative and surgical treatment. The main purpose of the conservative treatment is to stop the progression of the curvature. The aim of the therapy is to improve the quality of life, improve the aesthetics and physical capacity as well. An important element of the conservative treatment is the

physiotherapy, which can be used as independent part of treatment and as a support of brace and the surgical treatment. SOSORT recommends the use of physiotherapy in the form of Physiotherapeutic Specific Exercises (PSE) and the Special Inpatient Rehabilitation (SIR). PSE used in patients with SI must have confirmed efficacy according to the requirements of

the Evidence Based Medicine. Moreover, the therapy should be selected individually and include: (1) three dimensional auto-correction of deformation, (2) training in activities of daily living, (3) stabilizing the corrected posture, and (4) education of the patient and her/his parents. SIR based on 3-4-week hospital or sanatorium stay is recommended especially at the beginning of the treatment process.

Physiotherapists undertaking the work with children with IS should: (1) be qualified in the use of PSE, (2) have adequate experience in techniques used in pediatric orthopedics, (3) have the ability to analyze the variability of body posture during development, (4) have the ability to exercise choice depending on the stages of formation of motor skills, and (5)

work in the therapeutic team led by physician supervising the treatment.
Active zone impact on deformation state of non-rigid pavement
Authors: Mandula Ján
Published: June 2014

The paper deals with the design of non-rigid pavement, with emphasis on the effect of active zone on its deformation state. The concepts of determination of active zone are described. The results of numerical modelling of pavement laying on elastic subgrade are presented in the paper
Daylighting on the working plane in oriented attic rooms under overcast and clear sky
Authors: Kondáš Kristián , Darula Stanislav
Published: June 2014

The evaluation of daylight conditions in building interiors is based on the Daylight Factor concept after current Slovak standards. Criteria and requirements determined in these standards consider the worst daylight exterior conditions which are described by CIE overcast sky model. The sky luminance distribution of overcast sky is centrical to the zenith, so independence of window orientation to cardinal points is characteristic in daylighting calculations. The sky luminance distribution modelling is one of the main task of the daylight source research more than 50 years. It is evident that also other types of sky conditions exist in nature. An introduction of a new criterion based on photometric variables, which also consider sunlight influence, is expected. This article represents a study of the influence of the interior orientation on distribution of daylighting in attic spaces under an overcast and clear sky
Parafia unicka w Rachaniach do 1811 roku/ The Uniate Parish in Rachanie until 1811
Authors: Frykowski Janusz Adam
Published: June 2014

The following paper depicts the history of Saint Simeon Stylites Uniate Parish in Rachanie since it became known in historical sources until 1811- that is the time it ceased to be an independent church unit. The introduction of the article contains the geographical location of the parish, its size and the position within the hierarchical structure of the Church. Having analysed post-visit inspection protocols left by Chelm Bishops, the appearance as well as fittings and ancillary equipment of the church in Rachanie in that particular period are reported. Moreover, the list of 4 local clergymen is recreated and their benefice is determined. As far as possible, both the number of worshipers and the number of Holy Communion receivers is determined.
Zygmunt Miłkowski (1824–1915) w powstaniu styczniowym 1863 roku/ Zygmunt Miłkowski’s (1824–1915) involvement in the January Uprising in 1863
Authors: Willaume Małgorzata J.
Published: June 2014

Zygmunt Miłkowski (Teodor Tomasz Jeż) was a gifted writer who struggled actively in fights for independence of Poland. Among others, he took part in the last Polish uprising against Russia in the 19th century. For a short time he was a leader of the Polish armed forces in Rus. After his resignation from the post he was ordered to organize Polish armed forces in Podolia. One of his ideas was so-called Moldavian expedition. This well-known event described by Miłkowski in his memoirs ended with the struggle with Romanian soldiers near Kostangalia (July 15, 1863). Having won the battle, the Poles were trying to cross the Prut river but had to surrender to Romanians. For a long time Miłkowski tried to explain why this plan failed and why his expedition did not succeed.
Wspomnienie o Mistrzu/The Mention of the Master
Authors: Lewandowski Jan
Published: June 2014

The author mentions Professor Tadeusz Mencel (1912-1987), the disciple of Adam Skałkowski. Mencel was the expert on the history of the Polish Republic in late eighteenth century and on the Napoleonic era. For many years he had been a professor at the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin
On the birational gonalities of smooth curves
Authors: Ballico E.
Published: June 2014

Let C be a smooth curve of genus g. For each positive integer r the birational r-gonality s
Evaluating Factors in the Image of Housing Estates
Authors: Benkő Melinda
Published: June 2014

All over the world, large housing estates stand up very well physically, but they are faced with new social, economic and environmental challenges. Integrated urban regeneration programmes have discovered the image approach, which could play an important role in future-oriented thinking. In the interest of further concept building, this paper endeavours to determine objective evaluation components that are also applicable to the image of the city. Differentiating immaterial and material values, the focus is on the physical elements of the environment that could be changed by urban and architectural intervention. Utility, durability and likability are the main factors analysed and evaluated, together with their role in transforming the image of large housing estates.
To the methodology of church research in Hungary – contributions to the typology of 18th century protestant church architecture
Authors: Krähling János
Published: June 2014

Over the past three decades, the Department for History of Architecture and of Monument Preservation has elaborated architectural surveys of monuments on different scales, from settlements to small-scale historic architectural objects, to train students and to provide research material for larger monument preservation measures. One of the scholarly leaders of this activity was Tamás Guzsik (1947-2002), who published several scientific articles on the methodology of village church research in Hungary, focusing on medieval architecture. By commemorating and evaluating his scientific heritage as a school founding scholar, the paper presents the conceptual opportunities and the extension of some of his principles in a Lutheran church survey programme involving the whole country. The results of this survey can be classified into a typology, which contributes to a better understanding of late Baroque architecture in Hungary and to the typology of Protestant church architecture.
Szentkirályi, Gadamer and Deleuze, as standing in front of a Baroque church (The building ’interpreted’ with the approach of Szentkirályi and Gadamer)
Authors: Puhl Antal
Published: June 2014

Every era has its basic tasks that must be performed. The issues to be solved are ‘in the air’; they are generated by the era; they are components of the spirit of the age. The question generated by the time (the middle of the 20th century) was: that whether the only way to reveal the truth would be the method of natural sciences (also applied by the history of architecture), or such experiences of the truth existed that could reach the surface only by means of art, philosophy or history. On these basic questions that change period by period, the different areas of arts and sciences and philosophy work almost always in parallel.Zoltán Szentkirályi wrote his paper Some issues of the evaluation of the Baroque in 1964. The opus magnum of Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and method, was published in 1960. Szentkirályi starts from the philosophy and reaches the history of art and architecture; Gadamer starts from the history of art and arrives at philosophy. The virtual meeting of the two happens through the role of tradition in the interpretation of works.The works of art are ‘addressed’ by the knowledge of tradition, by means of which the truth carried by the work can reach the surface. The new ‘...while abrogating the validity of the former one, always activates and maintains all the positive results of the previous stage of development – just through the fact of abolition. This preservation role of the development is not always obvious’ says Szentkirályi. In turn – as Gadamer would have continued this text – ‘…we are always situated within traditions, and this is no objectifying process – i.e. we do not conceive of what tradition says as something other, something alien. It is always a part of us, a model or exemplar’. The lecture intends to show the inevitability of being familiar with tradition in the understanding of both historical and contemporary architecture alongside these two works.
Avocado Seeds: Extraction Optimization and Possible Use as Antioxidant in Food
Authors: Gómez Francisco , Sánchez Sara , Iradi Maria , Azman Nurul , Almajano María
Published: June 2014

Consumption of avocado (Persea americana Mill) has increased worldwide in recent years. Part of this food (skin and seed) is lost during processing. However, a high proportion of bioactive substances, such as polyphenols, remain in this residue. The primary objective of this study was to model the extraction of polyphenols from the avocado pits. In addition, a further objective was to use the extract obtained to evaluate the protective power against oxidation in food systems, as for instance oil in water emulsions and meat products. Moreover, the possible synergy between the extracts and egg albumin in the emulsions is discussed. In Response Surface Method (RSM), the variables used are: temperature, time and ethanol concentration. The results are the total polyphenols content (TPC) and the antiradical power measured by Oxygen Radical Antioxidant Capacity (ORAC). In emulsions, the primary oxidation, by Peroxide Value and in fat meat the secondary oxidation, by TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), were analyzed. The RSM model has an R2 of 94.69 for TPC and 96.7 for ORAC. In emulsions, the inhibition of the oxidation is about 30% for pure extracts and 60% for the combination of extracts with egg albumin. In the meat burger oxidation, the formation of TBARS is avoided by 90%.
Systems Analysis of Drug-Induced Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Reprogramming Following Targeted Mono- and Combination Anti-Cancer Therapy
Authors: Goltsov Alexey , Deeni Yusuf , Khalil Hilal , Soininen Tero , Kyriakidis Stylianos , Hu Huizhong , Langdon Simon , Harrison David , Bown James
Published: June 2014

The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are key drivers of cancer progression and targets for drug therapy. A major challenge in anti-RTK treatment is the dependence of drug effectiveness on co-expression of multiple RTKs which defines resistance to single drug therapy. Reprogramming of the RTK network leading to alteration in RTK co-expression in response to drug intervention is a dynamic mechanism of acquired resistance to single drug therapy in many cancers. One route to overcome this resistance is combination therapy. We describe the results of a joint in silico, in vitro, and in vivo investigations on the efficacy of trastuzumab, pertuzumab and their combination to target the HER2 receptors. Computational modelling revealed that these two drugs alone and in combination differentially suppressed RTK network activation depending on RTK co-expression. Analyses of mRNA expression in SKOV3 ovarian tumour xenograft showed up-regulation of HER3 following treatment. Considering this in a computational model revealed that HER3 up-regulation reprograms RTK kinetics from HER2 homodimerisation to HER3/HER2 heterodimerisation. The results showed synergy of the trastuzumab and pertuzumab combination treatment of the HER2 overexpressing tumour can be due to an independence of the combination effect on HER3/HER2 composition when it changes due to drug-induced RTK reprogramming.
Estimating Soil Displacement from Timber Extraction Trails in Steep Terrain: Application of an Unmanned Aircraft for 3D Modelling
Authors: Pierzchała Marek , Talbot Bruce , Astrup Rasmus
Published: June 2014

Skid trails constructed for timber extraction in steep terrain constitute a serious environmental concern if not well planned, executed and ameliorated. Carrying out post-harvest surveys in monitoring constructed trails in such terrain is an onerous task for forest administrators, as hundreds of meters need to be surveyed per site, and the quantification of parameters and volumes is largely based on assumptions of trail symmetry and terrain uniformity. In this study, aerial imagery captured from a multi-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle was used in generating a detailed post-harvest terrain model which included all skid trails. This was then compared with an Airborne Laser Scanning derived pre-harvest terrain model and the dimensions, slopes and cut-and-fill volumes associated with the skid trails were determined. The overall skid trail length was 954 m, or 381 m·ha−1 with segments varying from 40–60 m, inclinations from 3.9% to 9.6%, and cut volumes, from 1.7 to 3.7 m3 per running meter. The methods used in this work can be used in rapidly assessing the extent of disturbance and erosion risk on a wide range of sites. The multi-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was found to be highly suited to the task, given the relatively small size of harvested stands, their shape and their location in the mountainous terrain.
Update and Review on the Surgical Management of Primary Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Leilabadi Solmaz , Chen Amie , Tsai Stacy , Soundararajan Vinaya , Silberman Howard , Wong Alex
Published: June 2014

The surgical management of malignant melanoma historically called for wide excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue for any given lesion, but has evolved to be rationally-based on pathological staging. Breslow and Clark independently described level and thickness as determinant in prognosis and margin of excision. The American Joint Committee of Cancer (AJCC) in 1988 combined features from each of these histologic classifications, generating a new system, which is continuously updated and improved. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) has also combined several large randomized prospective trials to generate current guidelines for melanoma excision as well. In this article, we reviewed: (1) Breslow and Clark classifications, AJCC and NCCN guidelines, the World Health Organization’s 1988 study, and the Intergroup Melanoma Surgical Trial; (2) Experimental use of Mohs surgery for in situ melanoma; and (3) Surgical margins and utility and indications for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and lymphadenectomy. Current guidelines for the surgical management of a primary melanoma of the skin is based on Breslow microstaging and call for cutaneous margins of resection of 0.5 cm for MIS, 1.0 cm for melanomas ≤1.0 mm thick, 1–2 cm for melanoma thickness of 1.01–2 mm, 2 cm margins for melanoma thickness of 2.01–4 mm, and 2 cm margins for melanomas >4 mm thick. Although the role of SLNB, CLND, and TLND continue to be studied, current recommendations include SLNB for Stage IB (includes T1b lesions ≤1.0 with the adverse features of ulceration or ≥1 mitoses/mm2) and Stage II melanomas. CLND is recommended when sentinel nodes contain metastatic deposits.
Identification and Assessment of Potential Water Quality Impact Factors for Drinking-Water Reservoirs
Authors: Gu Qing , Deng Jinsong , Wang Ke , Lin Yi , Li Jun , Gan Muye , Ma Ligang , Hong Yang
Published: June 2014

Various reservoirs have been serving as the most important drinking water sources in Zhejiang Province, China, due to the uneven distribution of precipitation and severe river pollution. Unfortunately, rapid urbanization and industrialization have been continuously challenging the water quality of the drinking-water reservoirs. The identification and assessment of potential impacts is indispensable in water resource management and protection. This study investigates the drinking water reservoirs in Zhejiang Province to better understand the potential impact on water quality. Altogether seventy-three typical drinking reservoirs in Zhejiang Province encompassing various water storage levels were selected and evaluated. Using fifty-two reservoirs as training samples, the classification and regression tree (CART) method and sixteen comprehensive variables, including six sub-sets (land use, population, socio-economy, geographical features, inherent characteristics, and climate), were adopted to establish a decision-making model for identifying and assessing their potential impacts on drinking-water quality. The water quality class of the remaining twenty-one reservoirs was then predicted and tested based on the decision-making model, resulting in a water quality class attribution accuracy of 81.0%. Based on the decision rules and quantitative importance of the independent variables, industrial emissions was identified as the most important factor influencing the water quality of reservoirs; land use and human habitation also had a substantial impact on water quality. The results of this study provide insights into the factors impacting the water quality of reservoirs as well as basic information for protecting reservoir water resources.
Effort-Reward Imbalance at School and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents: The Role of Family Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Guo Hongxiang , Yang Wenjie , Cao Ying , Li Jian , Siegrist Johannes
Published: June 2014

Depression is a major mental health problem during adolescence. This study, using a sample of Chinese adolescents, examined the separate and combined effects of perceived school-related stress and of family socioeconomic status (SES) on the prevalence of depressive symptoms. A total of 1774 Chinese students from Grades 7–12 were recruited into our questionnaire survey. School-related stress was measured by the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire-School Version, family SES was assessed by a standardized question, and depressive symptoms were evaluated by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children. Multivariate logistic regression was applied, adjusting for age, gender, grade, smoking, alcohol drinking and physical activity. It was found that high school-related stress and low family SES were associated with elevated odds of depressive symptoms, respectively. The effect of school-related stress was particularly strong in low SES group. In adolescents with both high stress at school and low SES, the odds ratio was 9.18 (95% confidence interval = 6.53–12.89) compared to the reference group (low stress at school and high SES). A significant synergistic interaction effect was observed (synergy index = 2.28, 95% confidence interval = 1.56–3.32). The findings indicated that perceived school-related stress, in terms of effort-reward imbalance, was related to depressive symptoms in this sample of Chinese adolescents. The strong interaction with family SES suggests that health promoting efforts in school settings should be targeted specifically at these socially deprived groups.
Biosorption of Strontium from Simulated Nuclear Wastewater by Scenedesmus spinosus under Culture Conditions: Adsorption and Bioaccumulation Processes and Models
Authors: Liu Mingxue , Dong Faqin , Kang Wu , Sun Shiyong , Wei Hongfu , Zhang Wei , Nie Xiaoqin , Guo Yuting , Huang Ting , Liu Yuanyuan
Published: June 2014

Algae biosorption is an ideal wastewater treatment method when coupled with algae growth and biosorption. The adsorption and bioaccumulation of strontium from simulated nuclear wastewater by Scenedesmus spinosus were investigated in this research. One hundred mL of cultured S. spinosus cells with a dry weight of 1.0 mg in simulated nuclear wastewater were used to analyze the effects on S. spinosus cell growth as well as the adsorption and bioaccumulation characters under conditions of 25 ± 1 °C with approximately 3,000 lux illumination. The results showed that S. spinosus had a highly selective biosorption capacity for strontium, with a maximum bioremoval ratio of 76%. The adsorbed strontium ion on cell walls was approximately 90% of the total adsorbed amount; the bioaccumulation in the cytoplasm varied by approximately10%. The adsorption quantity could be described with an equilibrium isotherm. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model suggested that adsorption was the rate-limiting step of the biosorption process. A new bioaccumulation model with three parameters was proposed and could give a good fit with the experiment data. The results suggested that S. spinosus may be a potential biosorbent for the treatment of nuclear wastewater in culture conditions.