bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The below-ground carbon and nitrogen cycling patterns of different mycorrhizal forests on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Miaomiao , Liu Shun , Chen Miao , Chen Jian , Cao Xiangwen , Xu Gexi , Xing Hongshuang , Li Feifan , Shi Zuomin
Published: September 2022

Mycorrhizal fungi can form symbiotic associations with tree species, which not only play an important role in plant survival and growth, but also in soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. However, the understanding of differences in soil C and N cycling patterns among forests with different mycorrhizal types is still incomplete. In order to determine the similarities and differences of soil C and N cycling patterns in different mycorrhizal forest types, three primary forests dominated by ectomycorrhizal (EcM), arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) trees respectively were studied on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Indicators associated with soil C and N cycling, including leaf litter quality, soil C and N contents, soil C and N fluxes, and soil microbial biomass C and N contents were measured in each mycorrhizal type forest. The results showed that leaf litter quality was significantly lower with high C:N ratio and lignin: N ratio in ErM forest than that in AM and EcM forests. Soil CO2 flux (508.25 ± 65.51 mg m−2 h−1) in AM forest was significantly higher than that in EcM forest (387.18 ± 56.19 mg m−2 h−1) and ErM forest (177.87 ± 58.40 mg m−2 h−1). Furthermore, soil inorganic N content was higher in the AM forest than that in EcM and ErM forests. Soil net N mineralization rate (−0.02 ± 0.03 mg kg−1 d−1) was lower in ErM forest than that in EcM and AM forests. We speculated that AM and EcM forests were relatively characterized by rapid soil C cycling comparing to ErM forest. The soil N cycling in EcM and ErM forests were lower, implying they were ‘organic’ N nutrition patterns, and the pattern in ErM forest was more obvious.
O sujeito histórico e a filosofia da práxis: a contribuição de Gramsci para o processo revolucionário
Authors: Rodrigues Guilherme Goretti , Bicalho Ramofly
Published: September 2022

As formulações carcerárias de Gramsci refletem um denso tempo histórico de ascensão fascista e violência contra os trabalhadores. Muda-se o contexto, mas não a tragédia e a destruição pelo capital. Atualmente, os governos de extrema direita e o neoliberalismo agonizam o conjunto da classe trabalhadora, levando-a ao pauperismo e a precárias condições objetivas e subjetivas de vida. A contribuição de Gramsci é decisiva: a classe trabalhadora necessita construir outra hegemonia, disputar o consenso e educar as massas populares. Assim, o objetivo deste texto é buscar as contribuições de Gramsci para com a discussão do sujeito histórico e a filosofia da práxis como condição para libertação e emancipação humana, pressupostos tão candentes para enfrentar a atual realidade.
O materialismo histórico-dialético em estudos sobre formação de professores de Ciências da natureza no Brasil
Authors: Stadler João Paulo , Marques Carlos Alberto , Lambach Marcelo
Published: September 2022

Apresenta-se uma categorização inicial descritiva sobre o emprego do materialismo histórico-dialético em pesquisas sobre formação de professores de Ciências entre 2015 e 2020, com o intuito de fomentar a discussão sobre a apropriação do desse referencial epistemológico por pesquisas nesse campo. O corpus de análise foi constituído por três teses, nove dissertações, cinco artigos em periódicos e um trabalho em anais de evento. Por meio da análise de similitude dos resumos dos trabalhos, via Iramuteq, e categorização a posteriori de acordo com: o contexto de produção; a metodologia de pesquisa; as categorias dialéticas empregadas; e os referenciais teóricos utilizados, foi possível evidenciar três movimentos de apropriação do referencial, além da maior preocupação com estudos sincrônicos, em detrimento de estudos diacrônicos e da relação não clara com as categorias centrais do referencial. Estes pontos, em conjunto com a variedade de métodos, instrumentos de coleta e análise de dados permitem inferir que há fragilidades no entendimento deste referencial em sua totalidade.
Nação, socialismo e revolução: revisitando a comparação entre Caio Prado Jr. e José Carlos Mariátegui
Authors: Kaysel André
Published: September 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é o de retomar a comparação entre as obras do historiador brasileiro Caio Prado Jr. e do jornalista e militante peruano José Carlos Mariátegui, em torno de suas concepções da revolução, seus atores e programa. Partindo da constatação de que a história do marxismo latino-americano deve levar em conta a diversidade regional do continente, procurarei mostrar como ambos autores pensaram a relação entre a nação e a revolução, em função de seus diferentes contextos locais. Para tanto, as obras de Caio Prado e Mariátegui serão retomadas por meio das controvérsias políticas nas quais se envolveram, tendo por objeto a estratégia revolucionária.
A questão latino-americana
Authors: Osorio Jaime
Published: September 2022

Por que a questão latino-americana pode constituir um problema relevante à filosofia política e às ciências sociais? Uma primeira resposta aponta o lugar conflitivo que a América Latina ocupa no discurso universal construído pela modernidade capitalista em termos econômicos e políticos. No seio desse grande relato, a região e seus processos aparecem como um excesso que questiona e nega aquela universalidade, o que exige um pensamento que dê conta das razões dessa negação. Para este objetivo, analisam-se momentos da história política e econômica regional e das reflexões teóricas formuladas sobre as tendências ao subdesenvolvimento e à atualidade da revolução.
Contra-ataque histórico-crítico às Diretrizes de 2018: pela superação da reafirmação hegemônica dos grupos dominantes sobre a formação e intervenção em Educação Física
Authors: Maia Júlio César , Sacardo Michele Silva
Published: September 2022

Suscitando o resgate do processo histórico de reafirmação da “política de consenso” sobre o campo acadêmico-profissional da Educação Física brasileira, a presente investigação objetiva justapor as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Física e o “ideário pedagógico neoliberal”. Avalia, para tanto, com base em pressupostos lógicos e gnosiológicos da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica, a expressividade do processo de reafirmação do consenso “passivo” sobre a revisão curricular da área. Lança mão, como esforço de síntese, de pressupostos axiológicos e ontológicos desta pedagogia enquanto interrogações e proposições às políticas curriculares para formação e intervenção de professores em Educação Física.
Educação física progressista de Ghiraldelli Jr e o proto marxismo na educação física dos anos 1980
Authors: Carneiro Ana Beatriz dos Santos , Ferreira Magalhães Carlos Henqrique , Melo Marcelo Paula de
Published: September 2022

A Educação Física, influenciada pela conjuntura dos anos 1980, passou por um processo de renovação com seus autores questionando o histórico conservadorismo da área e assumindo postura de crítica social. O Movimento Renovador da Educação Física tem sido associado à tradição marxista. Entre os fatos históricos marcantes e decisivos para os rumos do campo crítico está o fim da Ditadura Empresarial-Militar, a decadência do socialismo real e a germinação do projeto neoliberal no Brasil. Com a análise de Educação Física Progressista e alguns dos clássicos dos anos 1980 nossa intenção é demostrar que o marxismo sem Marx se fez presente na produção de Ghiraldelli Jr.
Colonização e racismo estrutural: notas sobre a relação entre racismo e capital
Authors: Araujo Lorraine Marie Farias de
Published: September 2022

O objeto investigado consiste na relação entre racismo e capital. Este artigo objetiva sintetizar tal relação mediante a categoria racismo estrutural. Para tanto, utilizamo-nos do método marxiano. Recorremos à letra marxiana em O Capital, analisando a acumulação primitiva do capital e a moderna colonização, bem como à tese de Silvio Almeida sobre o racismo estrutural relacionando-o às categorias desumanização, fetiche da mercadoria e alienação. Portanto, o sistema do capital inaugura o racismo estrutural, em que este é generalizado ao mundo. Somente a transformação revolucionária da sociabilidade burguesa pode combater o racismo gestado e desenvolvido em suas entranhas.
Raça, gênero e o marxismo amefricano: desfazer mitos, (re)construir caminhos de emancipação
Authors: Ruas da Fonseca Rhaysa Sampaio
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo visa desfazer os mitos recorrentemente construídos sobre a tradição marxista e as relações de raça e gênero. Argumento que tais mitos são fruto de um duplo processo: o desconhecimento da totalidade da obra de Marx e um reducionismo eurocêntrico da contribuição marxista, uma tradição construída transnacionalmente por mãos de diversas cores e gêneros. Para isso, realizo um balanço crítico dessa tradição através do retorno aos escritos tardios de Marx e às contribuições de marxistas negros, negras e periféricos, reconstruindo o que chamo de marxismo amefricano ou atlântico. Por fim, proponho a recuperação de uma perspectiva unitária para a melhor compreensão das relações sociais de gênero, raça e classe.
Failure and Rescue in Surgery—Surgical Covenant, Palliative Care, and Reimagining Quality
Authors: Ellis Danielle I. , Altan Defne , Chang David C.
Published: September 2022

This Viewpoint discusses the pitfalls of failure-to-rescue metrics and importance of palliative care within surgical care.
Long-term Quality of Life After Parathyroidectomy for Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Livschitz Jennifer , Yen Tina W. F. , Evans Douglas B. , Wang Tracy S. , Dream Sophie
Published: September 2022

Importance

Definitive treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) with curative parathyroidectomy has been shown to improve nonspecific neurocognitive symptoms and may improve long-term quality of life (QOL). However, QOL is not currently routinely assessed preoperatively, and as a result, diminished QOL may be overlooked as an indication for surgery.

Objective

To examine results for measures of long-term QOL after parathyroidectomy in patients with pHPT.

Evidence Review

A systematic, English-language literature review was performed to assess the long-term association of parathyroidectomy, defined as a minimum of 1-year postoperative follow-up, with QOL in patients with pHPT. We conducted a search of PubMed and Scopus using Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms for hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid hormone, parathyroidectomy, hypercalcemia, and quality of life. All relevant literature published between June 1998 and February 15, 2021, was included. Study selection was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) strategy.

Findings

Thirty-one studies conducted in 14 countries with a minimum of 1 year of follow-up were included, comprising 3298 patients with pHPT (2975 underwent parathyroidectomy; 323 were observed), 5445 age- and sex-matched control participants, and 386 control patients with benign thyroid disease. To assess QOL, 21 studies (68%) used a general tool, the 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36), and 8 (26%) used the disease-specific tool Parathyroidectomy Assessment of Symptoms (PAS). The remaining studies used a combination of 10 additional QOL tools. The median follow-up period was 1 year (range, 1-10 years). Of the 31 studies, 27 (87%) demonstrated significant score improvement in long-term QOL after parathyroidectomy, including 1 study that showed continued improvement in QOL 10 years after parathyroidectomy. The remaining 4 studies (13%) reported mixed results.

Conclusions and Relevance

This systematic review suggests that parathyroidectomy is associated with improved and sustained QOL in patients with pHPT. Patients with pHPT should be screened with a validated QOL tool such as the SF-36 or PAS at the time of diagnosis to guide discussion of these symptoms in the preoperative setting and the potential for long-term improvement after curative parathyroidectomy.
The BcsD subunit of type I bacterial cellulose synthase interacts dynamically with the BcsAB catalytic core complex
Authors: Kondo Tatsuya , Nakamura Yui , Nojima Shingo , Yao Min , Imai Tomoya
Published: September 2022

Cellulose synthase has two distinct functions: synthesis of the cellulose molecule (polymerization) and assembling the synthesized cellulose chains into the crystalline microfibril (crystallization). In the type I bacterial cellulose synthase (Bcs) complex, four major subunits – BcsA, BcsB, BcsC and BcsD – work in a coordinated manner. This study showed that the crystallization subunit BcsD interacts with the polymerization complex BcsAB in two modes: direct protein–protein interactions and indirect interactions through the product cellulose. We hypothesized that the former and latter modes represent the basal and active states of type I bacterial cellulose synthase, respectively, and this dynamic behaviour of the BcsD protein regulates the crystallization process of cellulose chains.
Recent Advances in Luminescent Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks: Structures, Photophysical Properties, Applications
Authors: Cai Suzhi , An Zhongfu , Huang Wei
Published: September 2022

Hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) have aroused interest due to their applications in gas storage and separation and proton conduction. Much effort has been focused on developing stable HOFs with permanent porosity. Recently, more attention has been paid to the development of luminescent HOFs. At present, a systematic study on luminescent HOFs is lacking. Here, recent advances in luminescent HOFs are highlighted. The construction of luminescent HOFs, luminescent properties of HOFs, and corresponding applications are discussed in detail. According to luminescent properties, luminescent HOFs can be divided into fluorescent HOFs and room‐temperature phosphorescent HOFs. In addition, HOFs with color‐tunable luminescence, stimuli‐responsive luminescence, or mechanoluminescence are also introduced at great length. These distinctive features endow HOFs with wide applications in chemical sensing, microlasers, stimuli‐responsive sensing, oxygen sensing, data encryption, and so on. This review not only provides the basic principle of designing luminescent HOFs but also points out the research perspectives of luminescent HOFs in the future. This review lays the foundation for developing luminescent HOFs, thus broadening the applications of HOFs and enriching luminescent porous materials.
Highly Reversible Lithium Host Materials for High‐Energy‐Density Anode‐Free Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Cho Sungjin , Kim Dong Yeon , Lee Jung‐In , Kang Jisu , Lee Hyeongseok , Kim Gahyun , Seo Dong‐Hwa , Park Soojin
Published: September 2022

Anode‐free Li metal batteries are one of the finest prospects for increasing energy density beyond that of standard lithium‐ion batteries. Conversely, the absence of Li reservoir generates unwarranted volume expansion, permitting electrolyte depletion and rapid cathode capacity consumption. To address this issue, an anode‐free Li metal battery with an ion‐conductive layer coated Cu current collector Ag/L in typical carbonate‐based electrolytes is presented. The ion‐conducting layer causes stable solid electrolyte interphase development and allows for minimal volume expansion when utilizing stable Li hosts. Via density functional theory calculation and experimental measurements and analysis, the beneficial effect of Li hosting behavior of the ion‐conductive layer is demonstrated. Furthermore, anode‐free electrochemical performance with high discharge capacity retention, which is exceptional in a traditional carbonate electrolyte with LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 based cathode (4.2 mAh cm−2) and high current density (2.1 mA cm−2) is shown. To prove material compatibility, argyrodite sulfide solid electrolytes instead of liquid electrolytes, which show Coulombic efficiency of 97% at 50 cycles in all‐solid‐state Li half‐cells are used.
Polydopamine‐Engineered Theranostic Nanoscouts Enabling Intracellular HSP90 mRNAs Fluorescence Detection for Imaging‐Guided Chemo–Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Yang Geng , Li Mengyue , Song Ting , Chen Xiangyan , Zhang Hanxi , Wei Xiaodan , Li Ningxi , Li Tingting , Qin Xiang , Li Shun , You Fengming , Wu Chunhui , Zhang Wei , Liu Yiyao , Yang Hong
Published: September 2022

The combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemotherapy is considered a promising tumor treatment modality, nevertheless, cellular resistance induced by heat shock proteins (HSPs) overexpressed in tumor cells will restrict the therapeutic effect. Herein, a multifunctional nanobeacon DOX/HCuS@PDA‐MB (D/CP‐MB) with a scout function for HSP90 mRNA fluorescence detection and near‐infrared (NIR) triggered drug release for sensitizing chemo–photothermal therapy, is proposed. In the theranostic nanobeacons, HSP90MBs not only enable fluorescence detection of intracellular HSP90 mRNAs, but also downregulate the expression of HSP90 to reduce cell resistance. With the assistance of NIR and guidance of fluorescence imaging, spatiotemporal doxorubicin release can be achieved by the trigger of the photothermal effect, allowing for combined chemotherapy and photothermal treatment. Furthermore, the dual photothermal effect of hollow mesoporous CuS (HCuS) and polydopamine will lead to a better photothermal effect. Moreover, compared with other control groups, D/CP‐MB nanobeacons exhibit effective boost therapeutic efficacy by inducing significant suppression of tumor proliferation and enhancement of apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, this work provides novel theranostic nanobeacons that integrate imaging and therapy in a single nanoparticle, this strategy of imaging‐guided therapy can enable precise tumor treatment and effectively improve tumor treatment efficacy.
2D Dion–Jacobson CsPbI3 with Enhanced Interlayer Coupling for Stable and Efficient Photovoltaics
Authors: Lei Yutian , Peng Guoqiang , Wang Haoxu , Wang Gang , Yang Siwei , Wang Qian , Li ZhenHua , Jin Zhiwen
Published: September 2022

Inorganic 2D layered CsPbI3 is awaiting to overcome the phase instability of traditional 3D components. However, the most reported Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) phase 2D CsPbI3 leads to larger interlayer distance and weaker interlayer coupling since the existence of the van der Waals gap, which deteriorates the performance of the device and makes the improvement of stability unsatisfactory. Herein, this work resorts ethylenediamine cations (EDA2+) to construct a series of Dion–Jacobson (DJ) phase 2D CsPbI3 as (EDA)Csn−1PbnI3n+1 with van der Waals gap eliminated. Combining simulation calculations and experiments, it is found that the (EDA)Csn−1PbnI3n+1 has enhanced intermolecular forces to overcome the problem of insufficient crystallization power caused by large steric hindrance in the film assembly process compared to phenethylammonium‐based RP phase analogues. In addition, profit from the reduced interlayer distance and stronger coupling, the rigidity of the structure is increased, and the annoying non‐radiative recombination caused by structural fluctuations is alleviated. As a result, the 2D layered DJ phase CsPbI3‐based solar cells deliver eminent performance than RP phase analogues, especially the 2D (EDA)(Cs)4Pb5I16 (n = 5) device exhibits a record PCE of 10.43% in this work, and significantly enhanced stability.
Environmental Self‐Adaptive Wind Energy Harvesting Technology for Self‐Powered System by Triboelectric‐Electromagnetic Hybridized Nanogenerator with Dual‐Channel Power Management Topology
Authors: Yong Shun , Wang Hanqing , Lin Zenan , Li Xiaosa , Zhu Boyu , Yang Lijun , Ding Wenbo , Liao Ruijin , Wang Jiyu , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: September 2022

Natural wind energy harvesting enables a far‐reaching and sustainable solution to supply pervasive sensors in the Internet of Things (IoT). Electromagnetic generators (EMGs) struggle to harvest energy from breezes, which causes regrettable energy wastage. Herein, a triboelectric‐electromagnetic hybridized nanogenerator (TEHG) is designed with a dual‐rotor structure to consolidate harvesting band for high efficiency of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) in breeze and the EMG in high wind speeds. The TEHG performs an efficient energy collection (41.05 W m−3) and a smooth output in the wind speed of 2−16 m s−1, attributed to the environmental self‐adaptive cooperation between TENGs and EMGs. The TENG output power contribution is more than 70% at low wind speeds (<5 m s−1). Moreover, a dual‐channel power management topology (DcPMT) is established to co‐manage outputs of two modules in TEHG. By virtue of the DcPMT hierarchically combining the isolated storage with undervoltagelockout strategy, the TEHG steadily supplies a standardized 3.3 V voltage for commercial electronics. Furthermore, a TEHG‐based self‐powered system is demonstrated for driving sensors to monitor meteorological information. The TEHG with DcPMT is advantageous in broad‐band and high‐efficiency of wind energy harvesting, thus exhibiting a great potential for elevating the environmental self‐adaptability and stability margin of the IoT.
Transcranial ultrasonography imaging of a suprasellar meningioma: A case description and technical notes
Authors: Meini Simone , Rossi Carlo , Venturini Luigi , Mura Maddalena , Bracalente Irene , Andreini Roberto , Sgura Andrea , Cozza Sabino
Published: September 2022

Background

Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) represent the gold standard for evaluating intracranial tumours, such as meningiomas; most meningiomas can be managed by surveillance and clinical follow‐up, therefore, the ideal technology should be cheap, non‐invasive, safe and able to reduce radiation exposure. Transcranial colour‐coded duplex sonography (TCCS) can detect space‐occupying lesions, but its full potential for clinical practice is still unexpressed.

Aims and Methods

We describe the ability of TCCS to directly and accurately image, in a 77‐year‐old woman hospitalised for septic shock and coma, a suprasellar meningioma with a spatial resolution very similar to CT.

Results

The meningioma was clearly visualised as a roundish mass, with well‐defined borders, heterogeneously hyperechogenic compared with the surrounding brain structures; multiple intralesional calcifications were detectable as highly echogenic spots. Latero‐lateral and antero‐posterior diameters were well measurable.

Discussion

TCCS should not be considered as an alternative to CT and MR imaging, but it might have a complementary role, useful for use at the bedside in uncooperative or non‐transportable patients and for follow‐up, when an adequate acoustic window is guaranteed. Neurologists and neuroradiologists should further explore the full potential of this technology.
Tunneling Phase Diagrams in Anisotropic Multi‐Weyl Semimetals
Authors: Bouhlal Ahmed , Abbout Adel , Jellal Ahmed , Bahlouli Hocine , Vogl Michael
Published: September 2022

Motivated by the exciting prediction of multi‐Weyl topological semimetals stabilized by point group symmetries, tunneling in anisotropic multi‐Weyl semimetals is studied. It is found that distant detectors for different ranges of an anisotropy parameter λ and incident angle θ will measure different numbers of propagating transmitted modes. These findings are presented as phase diagrams that are valid for incoming waves with fixed wavenumber k. Energy is not held fixed for incoming waves but allowed to vary with choice of incident angle and wavenumber k. To gain a deeper understanding of this phenomenon they focus on the simplest case of anisotropic quadratic Weyl‐semimetals and tunneling coefficients are analyzed analytically and numerically to confirm observations extracted from phase diagrams. Results show nonanalytical behavior, which is the hallmark of phase transitions. This serves as motivation to make a formal analogy with phase transitions known from statistical mechanics. Specifically, they argued that the long distance limit in the tunneling problem mimics the thermodynamic limit in statistical mechanics. A direct formal connection is found to the recently developed formalism of dynamical phase transitions. They propose that usage of this analogy with dynamical phase transitions can be fruitful in classifying transport properties of exotic semimetals.
Engineering Covalent Organic Frameworks as Heterogeneous Photocatalysts for Organic Transformations
Authors: Chen Hui , Jena Himanshu Sekhar , Feng Xiao , Leus Karen , Van Der Voort Pascal
Published: September 2022

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging category of organic polymers with highly porous crystalline structures. In the last decade, reports on the use of COFs as heterogeneous photocatalysts for organic transformations have shown significant progress. Still, comprehensive reviews on the mechanisms of the photocatalytic organic transformations using COFs are lacking. This Review provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of COF‐based photocatalysts for organic transformations. Firstly, we discuss the photophysical properties and the characterization methods of COF‐based photocatalysts. Then, the general photocatalytic mechanism, the advantages, and the strategies to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of COF‐based photocatalysts are summarized. After that, advanced examples of COF‐based photocatalysts for organic transformations are analyzed with regard to the underlying mechanisms. The Review ends with a critical perspective on the challenges and prospects.
Microbial Fermentation of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic Waste for the Production of Chemicals or Electricity**
Authors: Kalathil Shafeer , Miller Melanie , Reisner Erwin
Published: September 2022

Ideonella sakaiensis (I. sakaiensis) can grow on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as the major carbon and energy source. Previous work has shown that PET conversion in the presence of oxygen released carbon dioxide and water while yielding adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation. This study demonstrates that I. sakaiensis is a facultative anaerobe that ferments PET to the feedstock chemicals acetate and ethanol in the absence of oxygen. In addition to PET, the pure monomer ethylene glycol (EG), the intermediate product ethanol, and the carbohydrate fermentation test substance maltose can also serve as fermenting substrates. Co‐culturing of I. sakaiensis with the electrogenic and acetate‐consuming Geobacter sulfurreducens produced electricity from PET or EG. This newly identified plastic fermentation process by I. sakaiensis provides thus a novel biosynthetic route to produce high‐value chemicals or electricity from plastic waste streams.
Enantioselective [2+2] Cycloaddition of Allenyl Imide with Mono‐ or Disubstituted Alkenes
Authors: Xiao Wanlong , Ning Lichao , Xin Shuang , Dong Shunxi , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: September 2022

An efficient catalytic asymmetric [2+2] cycloaddition of allenyl imide and mono‐ or disubstituted alkenes is disclosed. The key feature of this method is the use of bidentate allenyl imide and weakly activated and less steric hindered alkene pair by utilizing chiral magnesium(II) complex of N,N′‐dioxide, which could provide through‐space dispersion interactions to orientate the arrangement of the alkene. This protocol allows the generation of a series of axially chiral cyclobutenes and four‐membered ring‐containing spirocycles (80 examples) in high yield (up to 99 %) with excellent enantioselectivity (up to >99 % ee), and the late‐stage modification of biologically active molecules as well. Experimental studies and DFT calculations revealed that this [2+2] cycloaddition proceeded via a stepwise mechanism involving a short‐lived zwitterionic intermediate. The π‐π interaction between the alkenes and the amide moiety in the ligand was crucial for the enantiocontrol.
Optically Controlled Thermochromic Switching for Multi‐Input Molecular Logic
Authors: Fei Liang , Yu Weidong , Wu Zonghuai , Yin Yunjie , Moth‐Poulsen Kasper , Wang Chaoxia
Published: September 2022

Leuco dye‐based thermochromic materials offer enormous potential for visible molecular logic due to the appealing reversible color‐changing effect. The stable color state is uncontrollable as it depends only on the spontaneous protonation of the leuco dye and color developer. There is still a challenge to propose an effective approach to control bistable color function at required temperature. A family of azobenzenes with various alkyl chains (AZO(n)) is designed for protonation competition with leuco dye. The hydrogen bond and Van der Waals forces are formed between color developer and AZO(n). The color developer can be locked to provide the proton for the leuco dye by Z‐AZO(n), while it can be released upon Z‐to‐E photoisomerization. The locked state can be lasted for more than 16 hours. This optically controlled leuco dye‐based system demonstrates a visible sequential logic operation with four‐input signals, and provides a new type of protonation‐based optical control.
Discovery of a Unique Structural Motif in Lanthipeptide Synthetases for Substrate Binding and Interdomain Interactions
Authors: Huang Shanqing , Wang Ying , Cai Chuangxu , Xiao Xiuyun , Liu Shulei , Ma Yeying , Xie Xiangqian , Liang Yong , Chen Hao , Zhu Jiapeng , Hegemann Julian D. , Yao Hongwei , Wei Wanqing , Wang Huan
Published: September 2022

Class III lanthipeptide synthetases catalyze the formation of lanthionine/methyllanthionine and labionin crosslinks. We present here the 2.40 Å resolution structure of the kinase domain of a class III lanthipeptide synthetase CurKC from the biosynthesis of curvopeptin. A unique structural subunit for leader binding, named leader recognition domain (LRD), was identified. The LRD of CurKC is responsible for the recognition of the leader peptide and for mediating interactions between the lyase and kinase domains. LRDs are highly conserved among the kinase domains of class III and class IV lanthipeptide synthetases. The discovery of LRDs provides insight into the substrate recognition and domain organization in multidomain lanthipeptide synthetases.
Development of braid reinforced hollow fiber membranes as both ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes: Effect of pore forming additive on structure and performance
Authors: Tuncay Gizem , Keskin Başak , Türken Türker , Vatanpour Vahid , Koyuncu Ismail
Published: September 2022

Hollow fiber membranes have higher surface area and are easy to be applied in systems. Because of theirs self‐supporting construction, they have limited mechanical durability. By reinforcing these membranes with a braid, the mechanical strength can be improved. In this study, the impact of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as a pore‐forming additive with different contents on the fabrication of polysulfone braid reinforced hollow fiber membranes was investigated both as a ultrafiltration membrane and as a support for the fabrication of thin film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes. Characterization and filtration studies of all membranes were performed to examine membrane performance. It was discovered that the porosity and hydrophilicity of the ultrafiltration membranes were enhanced by enhancing PVP concentration, thus increasing the pure water flux in the membranes. As regards to results of fabricated TFC membranes, salt rejections were increased with increasing PVP ratios. The rejection efficiency of magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride was found to be approximately 80% and 49%, respectively, when a PVP ratio of 8% was used.
Benzothiadiazole versus Thiazolobenzotriazole: A Structural Study of Electron Acceptors in Solution‐Processable Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Watanabe Nanami , He Waner , Nozaki Naoya , Matsumoto Hidetoshi , Michinobu Tsuyoshi
Published: September 2022

Despite the rapid progress of organic electronics, developing high‐performance n‐type organic semiconductors is still challenging. Donor‐acceptor (D‐A) type conjugated structures have been an effective molecular design strategy to achieve chemically‐stable semiconductors and the appropriate choice of the acceptor units determines the electronic properties and device performances. We have now synthesized two types of A1‐D‐A2‐D‐A1 type conjugated molecules, namely, NDI‐BTT‐NDI and NDI‐TBZT‐NDI, with different central acceptor units. In order to investigate the effects of the central acceptor units on the charge‐transporting properties, organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) were fabricated. NDI‐TBZT‐NDI had shallower HOMO and deeper LUMO levels than NDI‐BTT‐NDI. Hence, the facilitated charge injection resulted in ambipolar transistor performances with the optimized hole and electron mobilities of 0.00134 and 0.151 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. In contrast, NDI‐BTT‐NDI displayed only an n‐channel OFET performance with the electron mobility of 0.0288 cm2 V−1 s−1. In addition, the device based on NDI‐TBZT‐NDI showed a superior air stability to that based on NDI‐BTT‐NDI. The difference in these OFET performances was reasonably explained by the contact resistance and film morphology. Overall, this study demonstrated that the TBZ acceptor is a promising building block to create n‐type organic semiconductors.
Preconception paternal comorbidities and offspring birth defects: Analysis of a large national data set
Authors: Yu Bo , Zhang Chiyuan Amy , Li Shufeng , Chen Tony , Mulloy Evan , Shaw Gary M. , Eisenberg Michael L.
Published: September 2022

Background

Despite the fact that the father contributes half the genome to a child, associations between paternal factors and birth defects are poorly understood.

Objectives

To investigate the association between preconception paternal health and birth defects in the offspring.

Materials and Methods

We conducted analysis of a national cohort study utilizing the IBM Marketscan Research Database, which includes data on reimbursed private healthcare claims in the United States from 2007 to 2016. The potential association between paternal comorbidities, as measured by the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and any birth defect in the offspring was analyzed.

Results

Of the 712,774 live births identified, 21.2% of children were born to fathers with at least one component of the metabolic syndrome (MetS ≥1) prior to conception. Compared to infants born to fathers with no components of the metabolic syndrome, a modestly higher percentage of infants with cardiac birth defects were born to fathers with more components of MetS (MetS = 1, OR [95% CI]: 1.07 [1.01–1.13]; MetS ≥2, 1.17 [1.08–1.26], in comparison to MetS = 0) after adjusting for maternal and paternal factors. Similarly, a higher percentage of infants with respiratory defects were born to fathers with two or more components of metabolic syndrome (MetS ≥2, OR [95% CI]: 1.45 [1.22–1.71]).

Discussion and Conclusion

In this private insurance claims‐based study, we found that fathers with metabolic syndrome‐related diseases before conception were at increased risk for having a child affected by birth defects, especially cardiac and respiratory defects, and this association was not influenced by paternal age or assessed maternal factors.
Bahnbrücken der ÖBB‐Pyhrnbahnstrecke – Zweigleisiger Ausbau im Abschnitt Hinterstoder‐Pießling
Authors: Menge Moritz , Arminger Michael , Kugler Thomas
Published: September 2022

Die ÖBB‐Infrastruktur AG baut die Position der Bahn als eines der umweltfreundlichsten Verkehrsmittel kontinuierlich aus. Zu einem nachhaltigen Angebot für Mobilität und Logistik gehört vor allem auch der Ausbau einer leistungsfähigen Schienennetzinfrastruktur. Auf der Strecke Linz–Selzthal wird in den nächsten Jahren ein selektiver zweigleisiger Ausbau vorgenommen, dessen Kernstück im Bereich der oberösterreichischen Pyhrnbahn zwischen Hinterstoder und Vorderstoder/Pießling auf einer 8,5 km langen Trassenneulage basiert. Bereits in den Vorplanungen zum UVP‐Verfahren sind wesentliche Aspekte einer nachhaltigen und dauerhaften Streckenverfügbarkeit vorweggenommen. Insbesondere auch im Bereich der Brückenbauwerke werden Sonderwege beschritten, die in deutlicher Weise diese Streckenverfügbarkeit und Langlebigkeit der Bauwerke sicherstellen sollen. Auf dem genannten Streckenabschnitt werden neben mehreren kleineren zweigleisigen Brückenbauwerken die großen, derzeit eingleisigen Talbrücken erneuert. Geplant sind drei Bogenbrücken und zwei Balkenbrücken, deren Besonderheiten dieser Bericht genauer beschreibt. Dabei geht es vor allem um Themen wie Möglichkeiten zur späteren halbseitigen Erneuerung, Lasterhöhung, nachträgliche Vorspannung sowie Sonderwege bei Gleis‐Tragwerk‐Interaktion und Bremslasten auf den neuen, nun zweigleisigen Brücken. Diese besonderen Planungsrandbedingungen wurden bereits zur UVP‐Einreichung auf Niveau eines Ausschreibungsprojekts behandelt.
Sequestering the 5′‐cap for viral RNA packaging
Authors: Ding Pengfei , Summers Michael F.
Published: September 2022

Many viruses evolved mechanisms for capping the 5′‐ends of their plus‐strand RNAs as a means of hijacking the eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing/translation machinery. Although capping is critical for replication, the RNAs of these viruses have other essential functions including their requirement to be packaged as either genomes or pre‐genomes into progeny viruses. Recent studies indicate that human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 (HIV‐1) RNAs are segregated between splicing/translation and packaging functions by a mechanism that involves structural sequestration of the 5′‐cap. Here, we examined studies reported for other viruses and retrotransposons that require both selective packaging of their RNAs and 5′‐RNA capping for host‐mediated translation. Our findings suggest that viruses and retrotransposons have evolved multiple mechanisms to control 5′‐cap accessibility, consistent with the hypothesis that removal or sequestration of the 5′ cap enables packageable RNAs to avoid capture by the cellular RNA processing and translation machinery.
Comprehensive studies on building a scalable downstream process for mRNAs to enable mRNA therapeutics
Authors: Cui Tingting , Fakhfakh Kareem , Turney Hannah , Güler‐Gane Gülin , Toloczko Aleksandra , Hulley Martyn , Turner Richard
Published: September 2022

In recent years, mRNA‐based therapeutics have been a fast‐growing new class of biologics that can, in principle, encode any protein(s) directly in patients to treat various diseases. mRNA vaccines have been proven to work efficiently, have high potency, and can be rapidly developed and deployed, which is critical for a quick responses in the case of a pandemic. Such agile development is enabled by rapid synthesis of RNA in vitro using recombinant enzymes rather than relying on lengthy and complex cell culture processes. mRNA exhibits physical and chemical properties differing from protein‐based therapeutics. It is highly negatively charged and the hydroxyl group makes mRNA less stable and more susceptible to hydrolysis and nucleophilic cleavage. This novel work shares comprehensive studies carried out to compare the performance of various mRNA purification strategies by considering its scalability and critical quality attributes. In addition, the paper provides insights on how to establish a scalable mRNA purification process that consists of ultrafiltration/diafiltration and chromatography steps with good recoveries. Alternative Oligo(dT) based columns were further explored aiming to improve total process recovery. With Oligo(dT) as a capture step, overall recoveries of 70% can be achieved for mRNAs studied here that encode anti‐influenza immunoglobulin G monoclonal antibodies.
Direct Evaluation of the Sensitivity of the Nonlinear Critical Point to Geometrical Imperfections
Authors: Magisano Domenico , Garcea Giovanni
Published: September 2022

A generalized path‐following method is proposed for the direct evaluation of the critical point sensitivity to geometrical imperfections expressed as combination of given shapes. After a finite element discretization, the critical point is defined by a system of nonlinear algebraic equations imposing equilibrium and critical condition according to the null vector method. An arc‐length equation is added to follow a path of critical points in the imperfection space. The solution of the extended system by a Newton scheme requires a Jacobian involving also the derivatives of the critical condition with respect to the FE DOFs and the derivatives of all the problem equations with respect to the imperfection parameters. An analytical and efficient computation of the Jacobian is achieved by a solid‐shell model and a strain‐based model of the imperfection. In addition, a mixed stress‐displacement iterative scheme is devised for a highly efficient and robust solution. Finally, the derivatives of the critical point with respect to the imperfection parameters are also obtained analytically and can be used to generate a gradient‐based critical path for a quick search of the worst‐case imperfection. A compressed cold‐formed lipped channel beam is analyzed as a case study.
Shape Optimisation of Cold‐Formed Steel Cross‐Sections with Longitudinal Intermediate Stiffeners
Authors: Neves Marcos , Basaglia Cilmar , Camotim Dinar
Published: September 2022

This paper reports the development, numerical implementation and application of a novel methodology to perform a multi‐objective shape optimisation of conventional cold‐formed steel (CFS) cross‐section shapes with longitudinal intermediate stiffeners, manufactured by bending the steel sheets with roll‐forming machines. The methodology is based on a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and aims at maximising the compressive and/or flexural ultimate strength of CFS members currently used in industry with respect to local, distortional and local‐distortional interactive failures. The design approach adopted to estimate the member ultimate strengths is based on the Direct Strength Method (DSM) and Generalised Beam Theory (GBT) is used to calculate the elastic buckling loads and moments. The proposed methodology consists of adding small intermediate stiffeners, whose possible locations are pre‐defined in accordance with a map of executable fold‐line positions – the original cross‐section typology, overall dimensions and wall angles are retained. The application and potential of the developed GA‐based code is illustrated by addressing the optimisation of conventional lipped channel, lipped zed and rack cross‐section shapes for CFS members subjected to compression, bending or compression and bending.
Design Assisted by Finite Element of Z‐Purlins with Overlapping under Gravity Loading
Authors: Gîrbacea Ioan Andrei , Ungureanu Viorel
Published: September 2022

Cold‐formed steel Z‐purlins are generally designed to span continuously over rafters. The bending moment continuity or semi‐continuity is obtained by overlapping the profiles or using a sleeved connection. Lapped connections are regarded as superior in terms of stiffness and resistance compared to their sleeved counterpart. A finite element model was developed and validated against experimental results to be used in a parametric study. The study investigated the influence of parameters such as: cross‐section dimensions, span length, symmetrical and unsymmetrical overlap lengths, connection detailing, trapezoidal sheeting thickness and connection. The numerical results show that the mechanical behavior of overlapped purlins loaded by gravity is mainly influenced by the span and the length of overlapping. The connection detailing is particularly important for short overlaps.
The Influence of Eccentricity on the Behaviour of Thin‐Walled Cold‐Formed Steel Members with Open Cross‐Sections under Compression
Authors: Bodea Florin Liviu , Both Ioan , Czechowski Leszek , Jankoswki Jacek , Kotełko Maria , Ungureanu Viorel
Published: September 2022

Thin‐walled cold‐formed steel elements represent an attractive structural solution due to the fast manufacturing and erection time on site. Their small thickness leads to imperfection and eccentricities sensitivities. An experimental program was performed on short members with lipped channel cross‐section of 150×60×20×2 mm, subjected to (1) eccentric compression about the minor axis, in a range of eccentricities between −40 mm and +40 mm and (2) eccentric compression about the major axis, in a range of eccentricities between 0 mm and +90 mm. Shortening of all specimens was measured in two ways, i.e. (1) using the displacement gauge integrated with the machine crosshead beam and (2) from deformation fields obtained using Digital Image Correlation system (DIC). The quantitative results, presented as ultimate loads vs eccentricity curve, emphasize the influence of the eccentric load on the capacity of the element and on the type of plastic mechanism formation. Finite element analyses were performed to simulate the behaviour of short members in eccentric compression using the commercial FE software ABAQUS/CAE. Static non‐linear analyses were carried out in displacement control. Both geometrical and material non‐linearities were included. The experimental results confirm two different basic failure mechanisms depending on the load eccentricity direction applied to the studied members with open cross‐section.
Mechanical Properties of the Component “Column Web in Compression” in Steel Beam‐to‐column Joints
Authors: Jaspart Jean‐Pierre , Corman Adrien , Demonceau Jean‐François
Published: September 2022

The component method is widely used nowadays for the analytical prediction of the mechanical properties (rotational elastic stiffness, design resistance and ductility/deformation capacity) of steel and composite beam‐to‐column joints. Eurocode 3 Part 1‐8 (EN 1993‐1‐8) provides expressions for the evaluation of the properties of many different joint components. However, a quick examination of EN 1993‐1‐8 highlights a glaring disproportion between the quantity of information related to rotational stiffness and plastic resistance, and that related to ductility and deformation capacity. For the latter, only few recommendations are provided, sometimes in line, and sometimes even not with the component approach itself. Present paper concerns one of these components, the “column web in transverse compression” (CWC), for which no information is basically available in terms of ductility. An original procedure for the prediction of the plastic deformation capacity is presented. It relies on a preliminary evaluation of the four main component properties: elastic stiffness, plastic resistance, post‐plastic stiffness and ultimate resistance. Through this study, more accurate analytical formulae than those provided by EN 1993‐1‐8 for the evaluation of the plastic resistance are also suggested. All the developments are validated through extensive comparisons with available experimental tests.
Structural Response of Wire Arc Additively Manufactured Steel Bolted Connections under Single Shear
Authors: Guo Xi , Kyvelou Pinelopi , Ye Jun , Teh Lip H. , Gardner Leroy
Published: September 2022

An experimental investigation into the structural performance of wire arc additively manufactured (WAAM) steel single‐lap shear bolted connections is presented in this paper. Sixty specimens of different thicknesses, printing strategies and geometric features, including end distances and plate widths, were manufactured using steel wire of a nominal yield strength of 420 MPa and subjected to single shear lap tests. The test results are analysed while the observed failure modes, featuring shear‐out, net section tension fracture, end‐splitting, localised tearing and curl‐bearing failure, are discussed. Digital image correlation (DIC) was used for detailed monitoring and visualisation of the surface strain fields that developed during testing, providing valuable insight into the developed failure mechanisms. The experimental results, which generally followed the anticipated trends, were used to assess the applicability of current design specifications developed for conventional steel bolted connections to WAAM steel bolted connections. It was found that both the cold‐formed steel specifications (AISI S100 and AS/NZS 4600) and the structural steel specifications (AISC 360 and EN 1993‐1) yield considerable overestimations or underestimations of the test capacities, depending on the specimen geometry. Further research is underway to underpin the development of improved design provisions.