bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Household Extension and Earnings Among Foreign-Born Asian and Non-Hispanic White Households
Authors: Kulkarni Veena S.
Published: June 2019

Previous research to understand socioeconomic well-being of immigrants finds the type of living arrangement is significantly correlated with household-level earnings. Present study employing 2009-2011 American Community Survey data explores the above relationship for the six major foreign-born Asian groups and native-born non-Hispanic Whites. The results indicate relative to Whites, household extension is more beneficial for Asian households. Furthermore, householders’ labor market advantages as measured by their human capital and English language proficiency are positively associated with nuclear living arrangement. However, diminishing gains in household earnings for the not so recent foreign-born immigrants living in vertically extended households displays a cultural inclination for collective living. Also, there are significant intergroup differences. While Japanese households appear to “rely” the least on household extension to enhance household earnings, the advantage of residing in extended households for the Filipinos and Koreans and especially so for the recent entrants is substantial.
Pilates method in the treatment of patients with Chikungunya fever: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: de Oliveira Bruna Fernanda Alves , Carvalho Paulo Roberto Cavalcanti , de Souza Holanda Alessandro Spencer , dos Santos Rebeca Izis Silva Barbosa , da Silva Filipe Alax Xavier , Barros Gustavo Willames Pimentel , de Albuquerque Emídio Cavalcanti , Dantas Andrea Tavares , Cavalcanti Nara Gualberto , Ranzolin Aline , Duarte Angela Luzia Branco Pinto , Marques Claudia Diniz Lopes
Published: June 2019

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Pilates method on the reduction of pain, improvement of joint function, and quality of life of patients with chronic Chikungunya fever.

Design:

This is a randomized, controlled, blind trial for the evaluators.

Setting:

The study was conducted at the Advanced Laboratory in Physical Education and Health at Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.

Subjects:

A total of 51 patients were allocated randomly and divided into 2 groups: a Pilates group (26 patients) and a control group (25 patients). After 12 weeks, 4 patients in the Pilates group and 5 in the control group were lost to follow-up.

Intervention:

The Pilates group performed 24 Pilates method intervention sessions; the control group continued to receive standard clinical treatment at the outpatient clinic.

Main measures:

The main measures were as follows: visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, functional capacity evaluated by Health Assessment Questionaire (HAQ), quality of life measured by the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), and range of joint motion by goniometry.

Results:

After 12 weeks, patients in the Pilates group presented lower VAS ( P < 0.001), lower HAQ scores ( P < 0.001), and higher quality-of-life scores ( P < 0.001) compared with the control group. We found statistically significant results for the Pilates group in the range of movement for shoulder, knee, ankle, and lumbar spine ( P < 0.001). In the intragroup analysis, there was a significant improvement in all outcomes evaluated.

Conclusion:

In this study, patients undertaking Pilates method for 12 weeks had less pain, better function and quality of life, and increased range of joint movement.
Polygenic risk-stratified screening for cancer: Responsibilization in public health genomics
Authors: Kerr Anne , Broer Tineke , Ross Emily , Cunningham Burley Sarah
Published: June 2019

In this article, we examine professional discourse around the development of polygenic risk-stratified screening (PRSS) for cancer. Analyzing a range of contemporary professional literatures from Europe, North America and Australia, we explore how the drive to screen for molecular markers of cancer risk makes professionals, screening recipients and publics responsible, in different ways, for acquiring, curating and analyzing molecular data. Investigating how these responsibilities are invoked in discussions of new data practices, technologies, organizational arrangements, engagement, education and protocols for participation, we argue that agendas for PRSS for cancer are both expanding and stratifying responsibilities. Data collection is to be achieved by intensified responsibilities for including, reassuring and recruiting populations, as well as by opening and enriching the datasets on which models and preventative screening arrangements are based. Enhanced responsibilities for screening recipients and publics are also invoked, not just in relation to personal health but for population health more generally, via research participation and consenting to data re-use in the public interest. Professionals, screening recipients and publics are also to become responsible for moderating expectations of screening according to genomic designations. Together these discourses go beyond individual risk management to extend and diversify the responsibilities of practitioners, screening recipients and publics as public health genomics develops.
On the wind turbine blade loads from an aeroelastic simulation and their transfer to a three-dimensional finite element model of the blade
Authors: Forcier Louis-Charles , Joncas Simon
Published: June 2019

This article first presents a description of the different load types to which a wind turbine blade is subjected. Analytical equations are derived to express blade loads from operation parameters of the wind turbine (rotor and nacelle velocities and accelerations; pitch, coning, tilt, and azimuth angles; blade mass properties; turbine geometry). This allows a better understanding of the contribution of each of these parameters to the total load on a blade. A difficulty arises for transferring the loads computed by an aeroelastic model (a one-dimensional model of the blade) to a three-dimensional finite element model of the blade. A method is proposed for that purpose. It consists in applying the aerodynamic loads using RBE3 elements and applying gravitational and inertial loads as volume forces. Finally, an example of this method used for the design of a 10 kW wind turbine blade is presented.
An improved predictive control for parallel grid-connected doubly fed induction generator-based wind systems under unbalanced grid conditions
Authors: Ghodbane-Cherif Meriem , Skander-Mustapha Sondes , Slama-Belkhodja Ilhem
Published: June 2019

Recently, the massive integration of renewable energy sources, especially wind and solar ones, has attracted researchers to new issues such as power quality. In this context, this article deals with an improved deadbeat predictive control for parallel grid-connected doubly fed induction generator-based wind systems under unbalanced grid conditions. The impact of an asymmetrical voltage sag has been treated for a doubly fed induction generator- wind system with emphasis on the occurrence of the negative current. In the case of a micro-grid based on wind systems, the effect of this current increases with the line impedance and thereby the system location. An improved predictive deadbeat control technique is proposed for the rotor side converter to enhance the behaviour of the wind system. A dynamic modelling of the doubly fed induction generator in both positive and negative reference frames has been proposed to focus on the behaviour of the system for these various operating conditions. Results of different simulation scenarios prove the effectiveness of the proposed improved predictive deadbeat control.
An Integrated Cellular Automata Approach for Spatial Evacuation Simulation on Metro Platforms with Smoke Spreading
Authors: Zhou Zhuping , Zhou Yang , Pu Ziyuan , Qi Yong , Xu Yongneng
Published: June 2019

To simulate pedestrian evacuation processes on a metro station platform in a case of fire, a specific evacuation model is proposed, using an integrated cellular automata (CA) approach, in which the impacts from exits, other evacuees, and fire and smoke are included to measure the probability of the evacuee getting to each neighboring cell. The evacuation is firstly identified as a two-stage process including the motion on the platform and on the treads. Then the evacuation space is drawn to be a three-dimensional grid space, in which the cell size is defined by the stair structure and human body size. Based on that, this study proposes two CA models to simulate the evacuees’ movement and the smoke diffusion separately. Moreover, to describe the evacuation process in detail, the evacuation model is modified in three ways. First, transition rules in the evacuees’ movement model are embedded by social force theory to measure the impacts from the environment. Second, the smoke diffusion process is modified by considering the smoke control measures on the metro platform. Third, impact from smoke is quantified by the proportion of smoke in the centroid cell of evacuees. Finally, results from simulation experiments show that this model is able to recognize the arching and stagnation phenomenon at the foot of staircases, and the relations between the evacuation time and the crowd density for different parameters are also analyzed. The proposed method of simulating the pedestrian evacuation process can be useful in providing guiding principles for the software design of evacuation in metro systems.
How U.S. Shrinking Cities Plan for Change: Comparing Population Projections and Planning Strategies in Depopulating U.S. Cities
Authors: Heim LaFrombois Megan E. , Park Yunmi , Yurcaba Daniel
Published: June 2019

This research examines the mismatch between the reality of a city’s population loss and the planning strategies they have adopted. Thirty-five depopulating U.S. cities’ comprehensive plans are analyzed to determine whether they are acknowledging past depopulation trends, how they are projecting future population changes, and what planning strategies they are pursuing in light of their depopulation trends. Findings illustrate a majority of cities acknowledge depopulation; however, they rely on optimistic population projections for the future. Despite this, a mix of planning strategies, ranging from smart decline to pro-growth, are used regardless of a city’s acknowledgment/acceptance of population loss.
Meta-Analyses of Built Environment Effects on Travel: No New Platinum Standard
Authors: Næss Petter
Published: June 2019

This commentary presents a critique of a particular, strictly quantitative way of reviewing research findings within the field of land use and transportation studies, so-called meta-analyses. Beyond criticism raised earlier, the article draws attention to serious bias resulting when meta-analysis include studies encumbered with model specification error due to poor understanding of causal mechanisms. The article also discusses underestimated limitations due to neglect of differences between geographical contexts and inconsistent measurement of variables across studies. An example of an alternative approach is offered at the end of the article.
Medicare Annual Wellness Visits: A Scoping Review of Current Practice Models and Opportunities for Pharmacists
Authors: Hohmann Lindsey A. , Hastings Tessa J. , Qian Jingjing , Curran Geoffrey M. , Westrick Salisa C.
Published: June 2019

Objective:

To explore the existing practice models and practice opportunities surrounding pharmacist-delivered Medicare Annual Wellness Visits (AWVs), with the goal of improving patient access through advanced pharmacy-based health services.

Data Sources:

English-language articles published in peer-reviewed journals from January 2011 to March 2018 were reviewed by searching PubMed and Google Scholar databases using permutations of terms such as “pharmacist/pharmacy,” “Medicare,” “Annual Wellness Visit,” “develop/development,” and “implement/implementation.”

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Original articles reporting resources (inputs), processes, and programmatic outcomes (uptake and delivery, interventions made, financial models, satisfaction) of pharmacist-delivered AWV services were retained.

Data Synthesis:

Eight articles describing 6 unique studies representing current pharmacist-delivered AWV practices were included in the final review. All identified articles used observational study designs and were published in peer-reviewed journals from 2014 to 2017. Five studies utilized staff (in-house) pharmacists working in internal or family medicine clinics via collaborative practice agreements; one study described a model for outsourcing AWV services through a community pharmacy. Pharmacists completed 37 to 300 AWVs and performed both medication- and non-medication-related interventions, with a mean of 3.5 to 5.4 interventions/patient. Quarterly revenue ranged from $3750 to $22 340 (USD), with 40 pharmacist-hours required for initial program development.

Implications for Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

This scoping review will serve as a guide for pharmacists wishing to implement AWV services in their own practices.

Conclusions:

There is opportunity for ambulatory/community pharmacists to expand their practices to include AWV services in states that allow collaborative practice agreements. Interprofessional collaboration between physicians and pharmacists can optimize and aid adoption of pharmacist-delivered AWV services.
Hydrocortisone Continuous Infusion Versus Bolus Dose on Glycemic Control in Critically Ill Subjects
Authors: Coles Laura L. , Forehand Christy C. , Quidley April M.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Corticosteroid therapy in patients with septic shock can improve hemodynamics but can also cause hyperglycemia. Continuous infusion (CI) hydrocortisone has limited evidence that it may reduce hyperglycemia relative to bolus dose (BD) therapy, but CI can be cumbersome and requires attention to intravenous access and drug incompatibilities.

Objective:

To compare the effects of CI hydrocortisone with BD on glycemic control.

Methods:

A matched, retrospective cohort study of blood glucose, insulin requirements, and glycemic variability was performed between patients with shock receiving CI and BD hydrocortisone. Patients were matched based on history of type 2 diabetes and intensive care unit (ICU) admission.

Results:

Baseline blood glucose was similar between groups, with higher baseline hourly insulin requirements in the CI group (CI: 12 [12.8] units, BD: 6.7 [7] units, P = .0012). For the first 72 hours of treatment, there was no difference in mean blood glucose with higher average hourly insulin requirements in the CI group (CI 7.8 [7.7] units, BD: 5.5 [6.9] units, P < .0001). There was no difference in glycemic variability between groups.

Conclusions:

CI hydrocortisone therapy for septic shock does not appear to have a favorable impact on mean blood glucose or influence glycemic variability relative to BD therapy.
Morbidly Obese Patient on Rivaroxaban Presents With Recurrent Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Case Report
Authors: Jennings Sin-Ling T. , Manh Khanh N. P. , Bita Jusilda
Published: June 2019

A morbidly obese patient with history of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism was diagnosed with an acute left upper extremity deep vein thrombosis and started on rivaroxaban. Three months later, the patient returned with swelling in the right arm and was found to have a right brachial thrombosis. Anticoagulant therapy was switched to a low-molecular-weight heparin, and patient was discharged on enoxaparin along with an order to follow-up with a hematologist. Subanalyses from randomized controlled trials, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic, and real-world studies suggest that rivaroxaban may be effective and safe in morbidly obese patients for primary and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism. However, the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis does not recommend the use of direct-acting oral anticoagulants in this population. If used, drug levels should be monitored to guide the therapy. Due to the disparity in data to show efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in morbidly obese subjects, the interpatient variability of rivaroxaban’s effects in subjects, and the lack of defined therapeutic range for rivaroxaban drug concentration, rivaroxaban should be used cautiously in this population.
Between natural and human sciences: On the role and character of theory in socio-environmental archeology
Authors: Arponen VPJ , Grimm Sonja , Käppel Lutz , Ott Konrad , Thalheim Bernhard , Kropp Yannic , Kittig Kim , Brinkmann Johanna , Ribeiro Artur
Published: June 2019

Prominent voices in archeology have expressed deep skepticism about the role of theory in archeology, while with new, exciting methods at its disposal, archeological science is occasionally perceived as not needing theory at all. This article reflects upon the debate about theory in archeology to arrive at a robust but critical middle-range concept of the role and character of theory in socio-environmental archeology. It is argued that archeology is a data-based science and, consequently, in order for theory to be meaningful in socio-environmental archeology, theory ought explicitly aim to make its qualitative concepts quantitative to establish a clear relation to data and its interpretation. On the turn side, theory plays an important role critically reflecting upon the use of concepts in archeological understanding and explanation, as well as their origins in particular paradigms, as examples of which certain debates in scientific archeology are discussed (aDNA and migration, evolutionism). We argue that such a model would serve archeology far more than the dismissal of theory on the one hand and the continued production of ‘high’ theory in absence of operationalization on the other.
Transforming landscapes: Modeling land-use patterns of environmental borderlands
Authors: Knitter Daniel , Brozio Jan Piet , Dörfler Walter , Duttmann Rainer , Feeser Ingo , Hamer Wolfgang , Kirleis Wiebke , Müller Johannes , Nakoinz Oliver
Published: June 2019

How did socio-cultural transformation processes change land-use patterns? Throughout the last 50 years, outstanding comprehensive geographic, archaeobiological, and archaeological data have been produced for the area of Oldenburger Graben, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Based on this exceptional data set, we are able to study the land-use patterns for a period ranging from the Final Mesolithic until the Late Neolithic (4600–1700 BCE). By application of fuzzy modeling techniques, these patterns are investigated diachronically in order to assess the scale of transformations between the different archaeological phases. Based on nutrient requirements and proposed dietary composition estimates derived from empirical archaeobotanical, archaeozoological, and stable isotope data, the required extent of the areas for different land-use practices are modeled. This information is made spatially explicit using a fuzzy model that reconstructs areas of potential vegetation and land-use for each transformation phase. Pollen data are used to validate the type and extent of land-use categories. The model results are used to test hypotheses on the dynamics of socio-cultural transformations: can we observe a diversification of land-use patterns over time or does continuity of land-use practices prevail? By integrating the different lines of evidence within a spatially explicit modeling approach, we reach a new quality of data analysis with a high degree of contextualization. This allows testing of hypotheses about Neolithic transformation processes by an explicit adjustment of our model assumptions, variables, and parameters.
Business Ethics in a Global Economy: A Cross-Cultural Study Among Working Adults in Russia and Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Lam D. , Pham Loan N. T. , Ermasova Natalia
Published: June 2019

The purpose of the present study is to empirically examine the personal perception of working adults on business ethics in Russia and Vietnam. Data were collected with the help of a questionnaire from 487 working adults (248 Russian and 239 Vietnamese adults). Significance of differences in Clark and Clark’s Personal Business Ethics Scores based on gender, management experience and ethics training was analysed with the help of univariate analysis of variance method (two-way analysis of variance method). Findings of the present study indicate that there is a significant difference in the level of ethical maturity among the Vietnamese and Russian working adults. Vietnamese respondents have higher business ethics perception than Russian respondents. Female adults demonstrate higher ethical maturity level than their male counterparts in the overall sample. Additionally, there is no significant difference in the business ethics perception of respondents in Russia and Vietnam on the basis of ethics training and management experience. This study provides global business leaders an opportunity to better understand business ethics perception of working adults across Russia and Vietnam.
Non-Partner Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Built Environment: A Multicountry Analysis of the Effects of Sanitation, Water Access, and Urban Settings
Authors: Barchi Francis , Winter Samantha C.
Published: June 2019

This multicountry study used Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data from 138,097 women to explore the relationship between non-partner violence (NPV) and sanitation, water, and urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). One out of 15 women reports having experienced physical and/or sexual violence by a non-partner during the previous 12 months; within the region, prevalence ranges from 2.3-11.3%. Explanatory models of NPV improve in 11 of the 20 countries when the built environment variables are included. The results suggest that sanitation and water access are associated with risk of NPV in a number of countries in the region, particularly in urban settings.
Acceptability of Sexual Violence Against Women In Spain: Demographic, Behavioral, and Attitudinal Correlates
Authors: Sirvent Garcia del Valle Elena
Published: June 2019

Most research on the social perception of sexual violence is based on samples of university students, while it is rare to find studies with representative samples, despite the vital importance of this information in planning prevention strategies. Furthermore, in Europe, the social perception of sexual violence has been explored very marginally. Our main objective with this study was to explore, by means of a representative sample of the general population ( N = 2,465), the relationship between the acceptability of sexual violence and demographic, behavioral, and attitudinal factors in Spain. The variable with the highest impact on the outcome was sexism, followed by knowledge of the most common type of victim–perpetrator relationship, age, perceived frequency of false complaints, and educational background. Other variables such as sex, country of birth, attitudes toward the consumption of prostitution, or opinions regarding prevention of sexual violence were also significant. A better understanding of the factors influencing public attitudes toward sexual violence would be useful to guide prevention efforts.
Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated in patients affected with blepharitis in a tertiary eye centre in Spain
Authors: de Paula Alessandro , Oliva Gloria , Barraquer Rafael Ignacio , de la Paz Maria Fideliz
Published: June 2019

Purpose:

To describe which bacteria can be found on lid margins in patients affected with blepharitis, to show their antibiotic susceptibility pattern, and to evaluate the antibiotic resistance trend of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus through time.

Materials and methods:

Consecutive cases of 198 eyes affected with blepharitis between 2012 and 2018 were reviewed. A sample was collected by rubbing a swab against the base of the eyelashes of both the eyes of all patients. The samples were inoculated in blood agar and chocolate agar. The susceptibility of the identified bacteria to common antibiotics was tested. In addition, the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus detected from year 2016 to 2018 was compared with that of 4 years before.

Results:

The most common isolated bacterium was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (89%) and Staphylococcus aureus (28%). Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus showed highest susceptibility to vancomycin (100%), neomycin (94%) and chloramphenicol (91%). Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus were the most resistant to penicillin and erythromycin (resistance in 92%, 91% for coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, 86% and 43% of eyes for Staphylococcus aureus). Corynebacterium was resistant to oxacillin and erythromycin. Streptococcus viridans showed resistance to gentamycin and tobramycin. Moraxella was susceptible to most antibiotics. Bacillus was resistant to oxacillin. The antibiotic resistance trend of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus showed that the resistance to rifampicin increased through the years 2012–2018.

Conclusion:

Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus were the most isolated bacteria in patients affected by blepharitis in our tertiary eye centre. Both bacteria were resistant to erythromycin. Through the years, it seems that coagulase-negative Staphylococcus gained resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and rifampicin.
Ipsilateral vocal fold paralysis: An unusual complication of internal jugular tunnelled dialysis catheter insertion
Authors: Koduri Sreekanth , Ng Alvin Kok Heong , Roy Debajyoti , Wong Edmund Chiu Kit
Published: June 2019

Background:

Central venous catheters are extensively used in critical care units and in dialysis centres to gain access to the blood stream for the purpose of invasive monitoring, drug administration, parenteral nutrition and to perform renal replacement therapy. One of the common areas of central venous catheter insertion is right internal jugular vein due to its anatomical continuity with the superior vena cava. The complication rates of central venous catheter insertion can be more than 15%, including early and late complications.

Case report:

We present an unusual complication of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, leading to right vocal fold paralysis, following insertion of a right internal jugular tunnelled dialysis catheter. The vocal fold paralysis improved over next 8 months with conservative management alone.

Conclusion:

This case illustrates an unusual complication of central venous catheter insertion and the importance of recognizing the possibility of such complications, to prevent them from happening and also to manage them appropriately.
Effect of a joint on breakout noise characteristics of rectangular duct
Authors: Jade Nagaraja , Venkatesham B
Published: June 2019

Breakout from a flexible rectangular duct depends on its structural properties as well as acoustic properties of the medium. Majority of duct breakout noise prediction models in the literature consider an ideal duct (without joint). However, ducts used in applications have joints. So, current research interest is to study the effect of duct joint in predicting the breakout noise and its influence on modal parameters. For this purpose, duct with a joint is considered in the experimental study and an ideal duct for numerical analysis. As a first step, an experimental setup is developed to measure breakout noise in terms of transverse transmission loss and radiation efficiency, and furthermore an experimental modal analysis is performed to measure modal parameters of the duct. Numerical analysis is performed on an ideal rectangular duct (without considering the joint condition) to calculate the breakout noise and modal parameters. Both, experimental and numerical results are compared, and it is observed that joint has a less significant influence on breakout noise as compared with modal parameters.
Personalization of parliamentary behaviour: Conceptualization and empirical evidence from Belgium (1995–2014)
Authors: Wauters Bram , Bouteca Nicolas , de Vet Benjamin
Published: June 2019

Personalization of parliamentary behaviour is an underexposed aspect of the broader personalization phenomenon. It is the aim of this article to first clarify the concept of personalization in the parliamentary arena, followed by a systematic investigation of the extent to which and under which circumstances this phenomenon takes place in the Belgian context. We develop four indicators that can be used to measure parliamentary personalization over time and across countries: a rise in the use of individual parliamentary instruments, an increase in single-authored initiatives for activities that could also be conducted collectively, a larger concentration of visible parliamentary activities and an increase in party switching. Our analysis based on an original data set of parliamentary activity in the Belgian House of Representatives (1995–2014) reveals that for none of these indicators a trend of personalization could be noted.
Faux materials and aspirational identity: Celluloid combs and working class dreams in the Pennsylvania anthracite region
Authors: Westmont V. Camille
Published: June 2019

The introduction of synthetic and semi-synthetic materials in the late 19th and early 20th centuries opened a world of new possibilities for consumer objects. The abundance of new goods ushered in a new age of consumption: one in which identities were not only expressed through material culture, but could be actively made through material culture. One avenue that has not been thoroughly explored is the role of synthetic and semi-synthetic objects in negotiating both association with and distance from different forms of identity in the archaeological record. This article explores the cultural connotations underlying a small find recovered from a working class household in the anthracite coal company town of Eckley, Pennsylvania. Using the example of a celluloid lice comb, the author discusses the ways that mass production fundamentally changed status signaling in the Western world at the beginning of the 20th century and offers thoughts on improving our interpretations of the social consequences of objects within historical archaeological research.
(Re)politicising ‘the governmental’: Resisting the Industrial Relations Act 1971
Authors: Warner Sam
Published: June 2019

This article is an account of the failure of the Industrial Relations Act that places resistance at its heart. This is achieved through application of the (de/re)politicisation framework, uncovering how this attempt to depoliticise the reform of industrial relations was resisted and re-politicisation achieved. The article argues that (re)politicisation is best understood through an analysis of informal processes of struggle involving non-governmental actors. By adopting a critical political economy perspective informed by Open Marxism, the so-called state-centrism of the governmental level is eschewed. New archival evidence demonstrates the importance of not only addressing the imposition of this governing strategy, but also the active role of organised labour when engaged in resistance to it. Thus, this article steps ‘beyond the governmental’ to argue that adequate conceptualisation of resistance at the societal level is a necessary part of understanding how depoliticised governing is shaped, imposed, transformed and potentially undermined.
Pancreatic Surgery in Chronic Pancreatitis Complicated by Extrahepatic Portal Hypertension or Cavernous Transformation of the Portal Vein: A Systematic Review
Authors: Latorre Fragua R. A. , Manuel Vázquez A. , López Marcano A. J. , Gijón De La Santa L. , de la Plaza Llamas R. , Ramia Ángel J. M.
Published: June 2019

Objectives:

Chronic pancreatitis produces disabling pain and loss of pancreatic endocrine/exocrine function. Almost half of the patients will need surgery during the course of the disease. Certain conditions, such as extrahepatic portal hypertension or cavernous transformation of the portal vein, can increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. These complications must be borne in mind in the design of the surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis. This study is a systematic review on the coexistence of chronic pancreatitis and extrahepatic portal hypertension/cavernous transformation in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery.

Methods:

We conducted an unlimited search updated on 10 December 2017, which yielded 535 results. We selected 11 articles.

Results:

Main indication for surgery was intractable pain. Presence of extrahepatic portal hypertension and/or cavernous transformation increased intraoperative bleeding and general postoperative morbidity, though the increase in general morbidity was less when the different postoperative complications were analyzed individually. Case series showed a higher mortality in patients with extrahepatic portal hypertension.

Conclusion:

Little is known about the presence of extrahepatic portal hypertension in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery for chronic pancreatitis. More studies are needed in order to standardize criteria for vascular involvement in patients with chronic pancreatitis, in order to select the surgical technique and, if necessary, to establish contraindications, in this subgroup of patients.
Development of an experimental system to measure the cage slip of cylindrical roller bearing
Authors: Hou Yu , Wang Xi
Published: June 2019

Although the cage slip of cylindrical roller bearings has been measured and studied experimentally, it is difficult to use current experimental measurement to detect the cage slip of the bearing in actual service or engineering environment. The problem is attributed to the limit on the space for current test instruments that can be installed arbitrarily in laboratory, but not in actual environment. A novel measurement based on strain detection is presented. This measurement can be used to obtain the cage slip of the bearing in service or large bench test. The technique is demonstrated and validated in principle by an experimental system. The system is developed to obtain the strain signal of the outer ring in loaded zone as well as the speed signal of the cage and the inner ring at the same time. Under given test load–speed conditions, the cage slip based on strain detection was compared with the cage slip based on speed detection. Experimental results showed that cage slip ratio curves based on strain responses agreed very well with those based on speed signals. In this way, it is revealed that frequency characteristics of strain signals can be used to obtain internal cage slip of cylindrical roller bearings.
The Patients Save Lives Program to Facilitate Organ Donor Designation in Primary Care Offices
Authors: Degenholtz Howard B. , Creppage Kathleen , DaCosta Damian , Drozd Alexandra , Enos Misty , Himber Meleah , Lazzara Kristin , Razdan Manik , Resnick Abby , Shaw Yomei
Published: June 2019

Background:

There are about 120 000 people on the US waiting list for a solid organ transplant; nearly 22 people die every day who could be helped through organ donation. Joining a donor registry and informing one’s family of one’s preferences increases recovery rates and can avoid misunderstandings during an emotionally difficult time. Although the vast majority of people support organ donation, only about half of adults have joined a state donor registry. Methods. A 3-group design was used. Primary care physician offices were randomly assigned to either web-based training, in-person training, or a control condition. The control condition consisted of a poster and traditional brochure and donor form placed in the waiting room. In the 2 intervention groups, the Patients Save Lives form was distributed during the check-in process in addition to the poster.

Results:

A total of 1521 physicians and office staff at 81 clinic sites (48 in-person and 33 web-based) received the training; there were 33 control locations. A total of 21 189 patients were exposed to the intervention over a 6-month period; 761 (8.1%) of 9428 people who were not already registered completed the designation form to be organ donors. There were no donor designations in the control group locations.

Conclusion:

Organ donor designation can be incorporated into the office check-in procedure without disrupting the workflow or burdening clinicians. The program is available online and can be sustained inexpensively with cooperation between primary care offices and regional Organ Procurement Organizations.
A new design way for cylindrical blades with adjustable inlet blade angles
Authors: Yan Jing , Liu Xiaobing , Peng Li , Li Jianan
Published: June 2019

A new approach for cylindrical blade design is presented in this article. Authors of this article analyzed the main reasons which are responsible for the low efficiency of untwisted blades and found out that the shock losses along the blade leading edge are much higher than those of twisted blades. Furthermore, based on the analysis, this article proposed a new design approach that is different from the traditional one. This new approach can reduce hydraulic losses at blade leading edge and improve performance and efficiency of cylindrical blades. In the traditional design process, to draw blade projection in plan view, an incidence at intersection of blade leading edge and inner streamline on the meridional section is selected for calculating blade inlet angle accurately. Because the incidence and the blade inlet angle at the intersection of blade leading edge and outer streamline are formed automatically, the blade inlet angles at this point are not suitable for oncoming flow direction, generating noticeable shock losses at this place. In the new design program, blade inlet angles at both intersection points formed by blade leading edge and the outer, inner streamlines are accurately calculated. This makes the shock losses generated by blade leading edge be minimized. Moreover, in conventional design, the projection of blade pressure side into plan view consists of only one plane curve. In the new design way, projection of blade surface in plan view is composed of two curves joined smoothly and continuously. Two impellers with fundamentally identical geometrical parameters were designed and manufactured, and the only difference is that their cylindrical blades were calculated and configured by applying a traditional design method or a the new approach. Test findings from an open loop indicate that in a wide load range from 0.8 to 1.2 times design flow rate, both head and efficiency of the new pump were raised. Over the operating range, efficiency of the new pump increased by 0.5% to 2.7%. Particularly, for higher flow rate, pump performance was improved significantly, and the increase of efficiency at pump design point arrived at 2.7%. The results suggest that the new approach presented in this article offers an effective and useful means to improve performance of low specific speed pumps.
Broadening Our Field of View: The Role of Emotion Polyregulation
Authors: Ford Brett Q. , Gross James J. , Gruber June
Published: June 2019

The field of emotion regulation has developed rapidly, and a number of emotion regulatory strategies have been identified. To date, empirical attention has focused on contrasting specific regulation strategies to determine their unique profile of consequences. However, it is becoming clear that people commonly pursue multiple regulation approaches within any given emotional episode (e.g., pursuing different regulation goals, strategies, or tactics). We refer to the concurrent or sequential use of multiple approaches to regulate emotions within a single emotion episode as polyregulation. Here, we extend existing theoretical frameworks of emotion regulation to consider polyregulation. We then pose several core questions to summarize and inspire research on polyregulation, thereby improving our understanding of emotion regulation as it unfolds in everyday life.
Insights into the evolving role of the gut microbiome in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: rationale and prospects for therapeutic intervention
Authors: Mouzaki Marialena , Loomba Rohit
Published: June 2019

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is diagnosed across the age spectrum and contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiology of NAFLD is not entirely understood; however, recent evidence has implicated the intestinal microbiome. Through the effects on host appetite, energy expenditure, digestion, gene expression, intestinal permeability, as well as immune activation, a dysbiotic microbiome can contribute to the development and progression of the hepatocellular steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis seen in the context of NAFLD. As such, intestinal microbiota and products of their metabolism have been targeted as treatment approaches for NAFLD.
Overcoming platinum-acquired resistance in ovarian cancer patient-derived xenografts
Authors: Ricci Francesca , Brunelli Laura , Affatato Roberta , Chilà Rosaria , Verza Martina , Indraccolo Stefano , Falcetta Francesca , Fratelli Maddalena , Fruscio Robert , Pastorelli Roberta , Damia Giovanna
Published: June 2019

Background:

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer and the high mortality is due to the frequent presentation at advanced stage, and to primary or acquired resistance to platinum-based therapy.

Methods:

We developed three new models of ovarian cancer patient-derived xenografts (ovarian PDXs) resistant to cisplatin (cDDP) after multiple in vivo drug treatments. By different and complementary approaches based on integrated metabolomics (both targeted and untargeted mass spectrometry-based techniques), gene expression, and functional assays (Seahorse technology) we analyzed and compared the tumor metabolic profile in each sensitive and their corresponding cDDP-resistant PDXs.

Results:

We found that cDDP-sensitive and -resistant PDXs have a different metabolic asset. In particular, we found, through metabolomic and gene expression approaches, that glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and urea cycle pathways were deregulated in resistant versus sensitive PDXs. In addition, we observed that oxygen consumption rate and mitochondrial respiration were higher in resistant PDXs than in sensitive PDXs under acute stress conditions. An increased oxidative phosphorylation in cDDP-resistant sublines led us to hypothesize that its interference could be of therapeutic value. Indeed, in vivo treatment of metformin and cDDP was able to partially reverse platinum resistance.

Conclusions:

Our data strongly reinforce the idea that the development of acquired cDDP resistance in ovarian cancer can bring about a rewiring of tumor metabolism, and that this might be exploited therapeutically.
The emerging role of omega-3 fatty acids as a therapeutic option in neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Reimers Arne , Ljung Hanna
Published: June 2019

The prevalence of neurologic and psychiatric diseases has been increasing for decades and, given the moderate therapeutic efficacy and safety profile of existing pharmacological treatments, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. Nutrition has recently been recognized as an important factor for the prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) play critical roles in neuronal cell function and neurotransmission as well as inflammatory and immune reactions that are involved in neuropsychiatric disease states. A large number of experimental and epidemiological studies provide a strong basis for interventional clinical trials that assessed the clinical efficacy of n-3 PUFAs in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Most of these trials found beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with EPA and DHA, and no serious safety concerns have emerged. This review gives an introduction to recent findings on the clinical efficacy of n-3 PUFAs in various neuropsychiatric disorders and the underlying biochemical mechanisms. In addition, the reader will be enabled to identify common methodological weaknesses of clinical studies on n-3 PUFAs, and suggestions for the design of future studies are given.
Global urbanization and food production in direct competition for land: Leverage places to mitigate impacts on SDG2 and on the Earth System
Authors: Barthel Stephan , Isendahl Christian , Vis Benjamin N , Drescher Axel , Evans Daniel L , van Timmeren Arjan
Published: June 2019

Global urbanization and food production are in direct competition for land. This paper carries out a critical review of how displacing crop production from urban and peri-urban land to other areas – because of issues related to soil quality – will demand a substantially larger proportion of the Earth’s terrestrial land surface than the surface area lost to urban encroachment. Such relationships may trigger further distancing effects and unfair social-ecological teleconnections. It risks also setting in motion amplifying effects within the Earth System. In combination, such multiple stressors set the scene for food riots in cities of the Global South. Our review identifies viable leverage points on which to act in order to navigate urban expansion away from fertile croplands. We first elaborate on the political complexities in declaring urban and peri-urban lands with fertile soils as one global commons. We find that the combination of an advisory global policy aligned with regional policies enabling robust common properties rights for bottom-up actors and movements in urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) as multi-level leverage places to intervene. To substantiate the ability of aligning global advisory policy with regional planning, we review both past and contemporary examples where empowering local social-ecological UPA practices and circular economies have had a stimulating effect on urban resilience and helped preserve, restore, and maintain urban lands with healthy soils.
Careful Co-presence: The Transnational Mediation of Emotional Intimacy
Authors: Alinejad Donya
Published: June 2019

This article investigates how migrants experience “co-presence” with their loved ones through social media. On the basis of empirical investigation, the article engages with current debates about how social media shape emotional experiences. It draws on short-term ethnographic research of everyday social media practices among second-generation Turkish-Dutch migrants who grew up in the Netherlands and migrated to Istanbul in adulthood. The article focuses on transnational family intimacy within this migration phenomenon as an in-depth case study for understanding the role of social media platforms and mobile devices in producing emotional experiences of togetherness under conditions of long-distance, long-term separation. The author shows how social media platforms afford not only ambient, fast-paced, background communications—which have been emphasized in the literature, thus far—but also more direct, immersive, conversational modes of communication. The article argues that people’s practices of carefully shifting between these modes of social media communication produce their experiences of transnational emotional intimacy. The author develops the notion of careful co-presence through a discussion of how social media practices that produce intimacy reflect both discerning selectivity and emotional care. This argument builds on scholarship that has advanced practice-based approaches to understanding how emotion is mediated through digital media.