bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suitability Analysis of Reservoir’s Location using GIS Based SPI Index (Case Study: Bodri Kuto Watershed)
Authors: Harjanti Theresia Novie Secunda , Suharyanto  , Sriyana
Published: May 2019

Drought in some regencies of Central Java Province in 2015had disrupted the role of Central Java as a national rice buffer. Theimplementation of reservoir construction program is often constrained onland status issues so that construction implementation takes precedenceover locations that are state land. As directed by WMO to apply the SPImethod in monitoring the drought level worldwide, this study conductdrought index analysis point in Bodri Kuto Watershed using 25 rainfallstations. Drought distribution and drought-vulnerability mapping locationsare implemented by spatial interpolation. The result shows that the peak ofdrought occurred in 2006-2007 and 2015 with an average SPI value of -1.04 to 0.4 (dry - normal). The wet years occurred in 2001 and 2010-2011with an average SPI range of -0.72 to 2.93 (slightly dry - very wet). Theresult of the suitability assessment of the location of the existing andplanned reservoir shows that out of 33 reservoirs there is 6 reservoir (18%)which is highly suitable, 6 reservoirs (18%) ‘suitable’ while 21 otherreservoirs (64%) less suitable. The planned reservoir-construction programneeds to adjust the priority sequence of handling by considering suitabilityto drought-vulnerability locations in addition to criteria.
People-driven urbanism: implications in the making of Indonesian urban character
Authors: Raharjo Wiryono
Published: May 2019

The history of urban planning and design of contemporaryIndonesian cities can be traced back to the colonial era. The colonialgovernment, notably the Dutch, had made continuous intervention in theplanning and design of major cities in today’s Indonesia, which haveundoubtedly influenced the character of these cities. While time betweenthe Dutch era and today spans over three centuries, the paradigm of urbandevelopment in Indonesia seems largely unchanged. It has beencharacterized by the built environment that exist as a result of peopledrivendevelopment (PDD), ranging from everyday businesses to thecountry-wide proliferation of informal settlements weakly controlled bythe state. This paper discusses how PDD have influenced the urbancharacter of Indonesian cities, which I call ‘People-Driven Urbanism’(PDU). The main question this paper intends to respond is “how doesPDD affect the urban character of Indonesian cities?’ Methods employedin this research is a mix of case study and auto-ethnography. The casestudy looks particularly on the city of Yogyakarta, using data collectedfrom previous teaching assignments on Architectural Design Studio andInformal Urbanism.
Initiatives of Urban Agriculture in Semarang City: Pathways for Sustainability
Authors: Hasanah Zahra Nur , Handayani Wiwandari , Martuti Nana Kariada Tri
Published: May 2019

Urban agriculture (UA) has become a popular concept to bridge growth of urban areas with adequate provision of agricultural land, cheap and healthy food. UA in Semarang began to be encouraged by Semarang City Government since 2015 and involves family welfare groups for its implementation. Most of the people involved in UA activities are often based on hobbies whereas some of them start reaching out to businesses. This study aims to elaborate the initiatives from government, community/individual, university, and corporation to promote UA in Semarang. The methods were conducted by using interactive analysis model which is presented by Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. By elaborate the initiatives of urban agriculture in Semarang, the study shows that initiatives from communities/individual are more promising to promote sustainability rather than initiatives which comes from the government. The major difference among initiatives is due to community eagerness to do UA activities if it comes from their interests and desires, whereas initiatives from the government are more likely to encourage community participation and as part of social innovation.
Influence of Top Clearance Height in Airlift Reactor on the Aerobic Granular Formation
Authors: Yulianto Andik , Siswaya Yoanne Maretha , Soewondo Prayatni
Published: May 2019

Conventional active sludge is the technology that is usedcommonly in wastewater treatment. However, this technology has thedisadvantage, its relatively low settling speed causing a large landrequirement. One technology that can be used to overcome this deficiencyis aerobic granular. In this study aerobic granular is formed in acontinuous flow system of airlift reactor with a 12 (twelve) hourshydraulic retention time. Aeration is carried out for 24 hours at a rate of 2liters per minute (lpm). The height variation of top clearance (ht) is usedto determine its effect on the aerobic granular formation. The ht variationused is 15 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm. The height of top clearance at the airliftreactor affects the circulation and superficial gas velocity which thenaffect the hydrodynamic shear force. The larger the hydrodynamic shearforce, the better the granular quality will be. The granular quality isdetermined based on physical characteristics including Sludge VolumeIndex (SVI), sludge density index (SDI), settling velocity, size, and aspectratio. The result shows that the height of top clearance affects the granularquality that formed. However, the effect is not linear. The non-linearity ofthe relationship between the top clearance height and granular formationcan be due to the sizeable superficial gas velocity and biomass washout. The ht variation that provides the best granular quality is achieved at 15cm, followed by 30 cm, and finally 20 cm. The ht variation of 15 cmreaches an optimum result with the value of SVI is 50 ml/g, settlingvelocity 39,4 m/hour, SDI 2.02 g/ml, size 3.5 mm, the aspect ratio of 0.86, and organic removal efficiency reaches 87.2%.
Potential Peat Clay for Minerals Source Utilized as Adsorbent and Catalyst
Authors: Mirwan Agus , Putra Meilana Dharma , Lestari Riani Ayu
Published: May 2019

The existence of peat clay is scattered in many parts of the world with the huge amount. The high compound of minerals in the peat clay can be potentially used as adsorbent and catalyst. This research aims to study the composition of peat clay and functional group of the compound in the peat clay. The characterization of x-ray fluorescence (XRF), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM- EDX) were assigned to compare the sample before and after calcination process at 700 oC 120 min. FTIR analysis showed the presence of quartz, kaolinite, hematite, illite in peat clay. The results of XRF analysis showed that chemical composition of peat clay was dominantly in the form of silica oxide (18%), aluminum oxide (7%), and iron oxide (15%). The amount of compounds was observed to increase to be 32%, 18% and 11%, respectively after calcinations. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of this mineral in the peat clay. SEM analysis showed flake structure of peat clay with EDX which indicated composition of the dominant element namely the presence of Al, Si, and Fe before and after calcination. This high amount of minerals in peat clay led to potential source to be utilized as adsorbent for removing the pollutant or as and catalyst for chemical process.
Review on environmental and building services performance of urban heritage hospital
Authors: Samodra FX Teddy Badai , Sudarma Erwin
Published: May 2019

Urban growth in today’s development is an obstacle in providing the sustainable environment. Hospital as care facility takes an important and critical role in a livable environment for the users by its green building services. In conservation strategy, the building should concern on integration preserving the heritage value and planning of all care utilities. Therefore, this research reviews for sustainable and livable heritage hospital and were conducted through research phases as follows: Existing review, sustainable and green planning for critical building services, and environmental analysis using Ecotect Analysis and Matlab software environmental simulation. Dr. Soetomo Hospital is selected as the urban heritage object case. The results highlighted that the urban hospital should have design routes for building services integrated with mass management and architectural concepts as well as landscape design, and standardization of planning and system component life, designing the inner and/or outer rings will be potential planning. By conducting on to the existing high-density buildings evaluation, the building services master plan remains to be used is the zoning system pattern related with heritage conservation strategy. To anticipate the future projection, it is necessary to adjust the environmental performance because the utility system should accommodate the respective heritage for the requirement of facilities, capacity, and technology of green hospital concept.
Will Bus Subsidy in Indonesia Sustainable?
Authors: Prayudyanto Muhammad Nanang , Thohir Muiz , Belka Stefan
Published: May 2019

The subsidies for public transport entails a controversial discussion on the pros and cons. On one hand mode share of public transport will decrease with increasing income levels towards private motor vehicle use. Intention of this paper is to prove that subsidy plays important role in the public transport operation and business. However such subsidy is not recover he needs to carry out the sustainable urban transport in the future. Government and private partner should create a systematic subsidy targeted for the right modes, that having sustainable achievement. This paper is structured to answer to what extent the effectiveness of government subsidies for the development of public transport services.
Adsorption Combined Phytoremediation System for Treatment of Laundry Wastewater
Authors: Siswoyo Eko , Utari Andiny Widya , Mungkari Lisa Gustia Norma
Published: May 2019

Laundry activities grow rapidly in Indonesia in the recent year, remaining the problem of environmental pollution because of the use of detergent. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the ability of sludge of drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) as adsorbent combined with phytoremediation system to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate and surfactant in laundry wastewater. Batch and continuous blow studies were conducted on different variables such as adsorbent mass, contact time, and type of plant for phytoremediation system. The results of the current study show that adsorption combined phytoremediation system could remove COD, phosphate, and surfactant up to 77.5%, 54.3%, and 99.9%, respectively. Based on the results, it means that the adsorption combined phytoremediation system could be considered as an appropriate environmental technology for laundry wastewater treatment in the near future.
Nitrosamines: A review of formation pathways, precursors, control, and occurrence in drinking water
Authors: Meadows Maxwell , Pradhanang Soni M. , Boving Thomas B. , Hadjeres Hichem
Published: May 2019

Nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) are emerging by-products that may be present in drinking water as by-products of water treatment plant (WTP) operations. Nitrosamines are N-DBPs that form by reaction of chloramine with certain organic nitrogen-containing compounds; however, the exact processes and environments in which nitrosamines form are still not well understood. Organic nitrogen precursors react within the WTP and distribution system, forming the toxic by-products during chloramination, or while in distribution. To best control the formation potential of nitrosamines, precursors must be removed from source water prior to chloramine disinfection. These nitrosamine forming precursors are abundant in source waters worldwide, presenting a need for further study of the mechanisms that reduce the formation potential of nitrosamines in chloramination WTPs.
Evaluation of Tidal Swampland Suitability Based on GIS Spatial Model on Barambai Reclamation Unit, South Kalimantan
Authors: Riduan Rony , Sasmalini  , Prasetia Hafiizh , Annisa Nova
Published: May 2019

Barambai reclamation unit in Barito Kuala regency, South Kalimantan, has great potential for tidal swampland agricultural development. Therefore, agricultural land suitability information is required. Evaluation of Barambai agricultural land suitability is conducted using Quantum GIS (Geographic Information System) software on land unit categories data (pyrites, cation exchange capacity, ash content value, salinity, hydrotopographic zone, and drainability). Identification and analysis results indicated that soil fertility is low to moderate, the pH of the soil is acid to very acid, and relatively high pyrite hazards. Agricultural land suitability in Barambai tidal swampland reclamation unit is most suitable for paddy plant (S1 and S2 criteria).
Galactic Cosmic Ray induced absorbed dose rate in deep space – Accounting for detector size, shape, material, as well as for the solar modulation
Authors: Banjac Saša , Berger Lars , Burmeister Sönke , Guo Jingnan , Heber Bernd , Herbst Konstantin , Wimmer-Schweingruber Robert
Published: May 2019

Depending on the radiation field, the absorbed dose rate can depend significantly upon the size of the detectors or the phantom used in the models. In deep space (interplanetary medium) the radiation field is on avarage dominated by Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) nuclei. Here, the deep space dose rate that a typical small silicon slab detector measures is compared to a larger phantom corresponding to an ICRU sphere with a 15 cm radius composed of water. To separate and understand respective effects from the composition, size and shape differences in the detectors, this comparison is implemented in several steps. For each phantom, the absorbed dose rate due to GCR nuclei up toZ= 28, as a function of solar modulation conditions, is calculated.

The main components of the GCR flux are protons, followed by helium nuclei and electrons, withZ> 2 nuclei accounting for approximately 1% of the total number of particles. Among the light nuclei withZ> 2, most abundant ones are C, N and O. In this study, we use the GEANT4 model to calculate the absorbed dose (energy deposited as ionization, divided by mass) due to the GCR flux provided by the Badhwar-O’Neill 2010 (BON-10) model. Furthermore, we investigate how the determined absorbed dose rate changes throughout the solar cycle by varying the GCR models from solar minimum to solar maximum conditions. The developed model is validated against the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) microdosimeter measurements. In our current approach, we do not consider the effects of shielding, which will always be present under realistic scenarios.

A second goal of this study is to quantify the contribution of eachZ= 1, …, 28 GCR nuclei to absorbed dose rate, in relation to the phantom characteristics. For eachZwe determine the most relevant energy range in the GCR spectra for absorbed dose rate estimations. Furthermore, we calculate a solar modulation dependent conversion factor to convert absorbed dose rate measured in silicon to absorbed dose rate in water. This information will improve our understanding of the radiation environment due to GCR in the near-Earth deep space and also benefit further modeling efforts by limiting the number and energy range of primary particle species that have to be considered.
Schwarzkümmel: Medizin-Tipp aus der Bibel
Authors: Vlachojannis Julia , Chrubasik-Hausmann Sigrun
Published: May 2019

In zusammenführenden Studien senkte Schwarzkümmel das Gewicht, den erhöhten Nüchtern-Blutzucker und das glykierte Hämoglobin (HbA1c) und erhöhte die Ansprechbarkeit auf Insulin. Die Blutfette und der Blutdruck nahmen ab. Jetzt müssen Studien mit einem beweisenden Studiendesign die Wirkgrößen bei Typ-2-Diabetes, Hyperlipidämie und Bluthochdruck bestätigen und prüfen, ob Zubereitungen aus Schwarzkümmel das kardiovaskuläre Risiko senken. Vielversprechend sind die Ergebnisse der Studien bei Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis, Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis und Vitiligo, die Wirksamkeit bei Autoimmunerkrankungen demonstrieren. Studien bei Patienten mit Asthma bronchiale, Heuschnupfen und atopischem Ekzem weisen auf eine antiasthmatische und antiallergische Wirkung des Schwarzkümmel-Wirkstoffs hin. Durch die antibakterielle Wirkung lassen sich Antibiotika einsparen. Die Studienlage bei Nierensteinen, Organerkrankungen und toxischer Organschädigung, Arthrose, Kindern mit epileptischen Anfällen, Dyspepsie, klimakterischen Beschwerden, rezidivierender Mastalgie und neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen ist unzureichend. Die Tagesdosis beträgt bis zu 3 g Samen oder Samenöl. Die Verträglichkeit ist gut. Wechselwirkungen mit anderen Medikamenten sind nicht ausreichend untersucht.
Gesundheitskompetenz und Selbstmedikation
Authors: Kraft Karin
Published: May 2019

Seit über zwei Jahrzehnten haben Gesundheitspolitiker aufgrund der Annahme, dass die Bevölkerung der Industrienationen im Allgemeinen über eine gute Gesundheitskompetenz verfügt, viele Bereiche des Gesundheitswesens, insbesondere Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung, dem freien Markt überlassen. Die in den letzten Jahren durchgeführten wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen haben allerdings ergeben, dass diese Annahme für einen großen Teil der Bevölkerung nicht zutrifft. Die Gesundheitskompetenz beim Umgang mit Medikamenten („medication literacy“) ist Teil der allgemeinen Gesundheitskompetenz. Während aber schon einige Untersuchungen zu rezeptpflichtigen Arzneimitteln existieren, sind zur politisch gewollten Selbstmedikation mit nicht rezeptpflichtigen Arzneimitteln im Zusammenhang mit der Gesundheitskompetenz im internationalen Schrifttum bislang so gut wie keine Publikationen aufzufinden. Es besteht deshalb nicht nur in Deutschland wegen des hohen Umsatzes von nicht rezeptpflichtigen Arzneimitteln und eines vermutlich ebenfalls hohen zusätzlichen Umsatzes bei Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln ein großer Forschungsbedarf.
Granulomatöse Dermatitis bei einem 5 Monate alten Mädchen mit Omenn-Syndrom (atypisches SCID)
Authors: Bleuel R. , Zink A. , Biedermann T. , Hauck F.
Published: May 2019

In der Dermatologie sehen wir auch pädiatrische Patienten mit Syndromen im Rahmen hereditärer schwerer Immundefekte. Die unverzügliche Diagnosestellung und Überweisung in spezialisierte Zentren ist entscheidend für die Prognose. Wir beschreiben ein bei Diagnosestellung 5 Monate altes Mädchen mit Omenn-Syndrom bei atypischem schwerem kombinierten Immundefekt (SCID). Klinisch führend waren eine Dermatitis, eine chronische, antibiotikaresistente Atemwegsinfektion und eine chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankung. Laborchemisch bestand in der Routinediagnostik eine milde Lymphozytopenie mit Eosinophilie und erhöhtem Serum-IgE. Nach Anbindung an das nationale Versorgungsprojekt Translate-NAMSE wurde in der immunologischen Spezialdiagnostik ein atypischer Tlow Blow NK + SCID, verursacht durch eine hypomorphe homozygote IL7RA-Mutation, diagnostiziert und eine kurative haploidente allogene hämatopoietische Stammzelltransplantation eingeleitet.
Intraoperative Soft Tissue Balance/Kinematics and Clinical Evaluation of Modified Kinematically versus Mechanically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Takayama Koji , Ishida Kazunari , Kuroda Yuichi , Tsubosaka Masanori , Muratsu Hirotsugu , Hayashi Shinya , Hashimoto Shingo , Matsushita Takehiko , Niikura Takahiro , Kuroda Ryosuke
Published: May 2019

Recently, kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty has been found to achieve better clinical outcomes than mechanically aligned TKA. Despite the good clinical outcomes that are reported at short- to mid-term follow-up, intraoperative variables that are associated with a better outcome have not been measured. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare intraoperative kinematics/soft tissue balance and the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent modified kinematically (restricted tibial cut) or mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty. Sixty cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasties (30 modified kinematically [3-degree varus and 7-degree posterior slope in tibial cut] and 30 mechanically aligned) were performed in patients with varus-type osteoarthritis using a navigation system. Intraoperative kinematics assessed by the navigation system and soft tissue balance assessed by an offset-type tensor were compared between the groups. One year postoperatively, the range of motion and 2011 Knee Society scores were compared between the groups. Kinematic assessment exhibited that tibial internal rotation during flexion was significantly maintained in the kinematic compared with the mechanical group (p < 0.05). Varus/valgus ligament balance at 90 and 120 degrees of flexion significantly maintained lateral laxity in the kinematic compared with the mechanical group (p < 0.05). Improvement of flexion angles, functional activity scores, and patient satisfaction were significantly better in the kinematic than in the mechanical group (p < 0.05). Modified kinematically aligned cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty maintained more tibial internal rotation and lateral laxity during flexion than mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty; thus, the former may result in better clinical outcomes.
Simultaneous Bilateral Extensor Mechanism Disruptions: More Than Double the Trouble?
Authors: Seifert Christina , Vokes Jordan , Roberts Aaron , Gorczyca John , Judd Kyle
Published: May 2019

Simultaneous bilateral extensor mechanism disruption (BEMD) is a rare condition, for which the relationship between comorbid conditions, complications, and clinical outcomes has not been well defined. We hypothesized that patients with BEMD would have more comorbidities, more repair failures, and worse clinical outcomes compared with patients with unilateral extensor mechanism disruption (UEMD). We performed a retrospective review of all adult patients seen at our institution for either a quadriceps or patellar tendon rupture between 2012 and 2017. Statistical analysis was conducted using Student's t-tests and Fisher's exact tests. Significance was defined as p < 0.05. Fourteen patients with BEMD and 221 patients with UEMD were included for comparison. The average length of follow-up was 268 days. Patients with BEMD had higher body mass indexes and higher American Society of Anesthesiologists scores than patients with UEMD. They also had worse Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System physical function scores, nearly four times the length of stay, and three times the rate of repair failures as patients with UEMD. At final follow-up, all 14 patients in the BEMD group were ambulatory and 9 of the 10 patients who were working prior to injury had returned to work. Simultaneous BEMD are rare injuries, occurring in only 6% of the current series. When treating these patients, orthopaedic surgeons should have a heightened awareness that they have more comorbidities, more failures, and worse functional outcomes than their unilateral counterparts.
Gender bias in Nobel prizes
Authors: Lunnemann Per , Jensen Mogens H. , Jauffred Liselotte
Published: May 2019

Strikingly few Nobel laureates within medicine, natural and social sciences are women. It is obvious that there are fewer women researchers within these fields, but does this still fully account for the low number of female Nobel laureates? We examine whether women are awarded the Nobel Prizes less often than the gender ratio suggests. Based on historical data across four scientific fields and a Bayesian hierarchical model, we quantify any possible bias. The model reveals, with exceedingly large confidence, that indeed women are strongly under-represented among Nobel laureates across all disciplines examined.
Highly-collimated, high-charge and broadband MeV electron beams produced by magnetizing solids irradiated by high-intensity lasers
Authors: Bolaños S. , Béard J. , Revet G. , Chen S. N. , Pikuz S. , Filippov E. , Safronova M. , Cerchez M. , Willi O. , Starodubtsev M. , Fuchs J.
Published: May 2019

Laser irradiation of solid targets can drive short and high-charge relativistic electron bunches over micron-scale acceleration gradients. However, for a long time, this technique was not considered a viable means of electron acceleration due to the large intrinsic divergence (∼50° half-angle) of the electrons. Recently, a reduction in this divergence to 10°–20° half-angle has been obtained, using plasma-based magnetic fields or very high contrast laser pulses to extract the electrons into the vacuum. Here we show that we can further improve the electron beam collimation, down to ∼1.5° half-angle, of a high-charge (6 nC) beam, and in a highly reproducible manner, while using standard stand-alone 100 TW-class laser pulses. This is obtained by embedding the laser-target interaction in an external, large-scale (cm), homogeneous, extremely stable, and high-strength (20 T) magnetic field that is independent of the laser. With upcoming multi-PW, high repetition-rate lasers, this technique opens the door to achieving even higher charges (>100 nC).
Peculiarities in breakup and transport process of shock-induced ejecta with surrounding gas
Authors: Wu FengChao , Zhu YinBo , Li XinZhu , Wang Pei , Wu Qiang , Wu HengAn
Published: May 2019

The interaction of shock-induced ejecta with gas beyond the free surface is a critical unsolved issue and being investigated broadly. Using models containing micrometer-sized gas environments, we perform molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the coupling interactions of surrounding gases with ejecta from shock-loaded tin surface. Ejected microjets experience progressively aggravated deceleration with increasing gas density, and particle flows ahead of jet tips are suppressed. Despite the drag effect, the primary fragmentation process is yet intrinsically dominated by a velocity gradient. The continuous interaction between ejecta and gas leads to the progressive formation of transmitted shock waves in background gases, which is jointly determined by ejecta velocity and thermophysical properties of gas. Meanwhile, a mixing layer between ejecta and gas is directly observed, leading to discrepant mass distributions of ejecta along shock direction. With increasing gas density, the volume density tends to rise in the mixing zone while the zone thickness decreases. Further, with the presence of gases, the size distribution of ejected particles is altered with an outstanding feature of enhanced formation of atomic particles. It is found that the stripping effect of gas dominates the growth of ejecta clusters in the transport process. The stripped particles strongly couple and flow with compressed gas, accompanied by recombination into subsequent clusters. As the gas density increases, both formation and annihilation of atomic particles are promoted. The revealed peculiarities provide microscopic views of ejecta interaction with ambient gas, which would further the understanding of gas effects on the breakup and transport of ejected particles.
SOL-GEL α-Al2O3 samples: Analysis of the TL kinetics
Authors: Polo Ivón Oramas , Junot Danilo Oliveira , Caldas Linda V. E.
Published: May 2019

The analysis of the thermoluminiscence (TL) kinetics parameters of SOL-GEL α-Al2O3 with several different concentrations of impurities prepared through the solgel process is reported. A TL glow curve measured at 0.2 K/s after beta irradiation to 0.5 Gy revealed one peak at approximately 447 K. TL spectra were acquired and showed luminescent emission bands around 420 nm and 750 nm. The activation energies, the frequency factors, and the kinetic order involved in the TL emission were evaluated using the maximum peak temperature response, the peak shape of the TL glow curve, the TL glow curve area, and the glow curve fitting methods. The order of kinetics of the peak was evaluated as first order using TM dependence on the radiation dose. The (TM–Tstop) technique was used for determining the number of peaks in the glow curve. The activation energies obtained are in agreement with all the applied methods. The activation energy calculated by various methods varied from 0.885 ± 0.008 eV to 1.05 ± 0.10 eV. The frequency factor determined by all methods was of the order of 109 s−1. The dosimetric peak is affected by thermal quenching. The following thermal quenching parameters were estimated: the activation energy of the thermal quenching W = 1.05 ± 0.15 eV and the constant C = 8.27 × 1010 s−1. The trapping parameters of SOL-GEL α-Al2O3 detectors are reported in the present work for the first time.
A point of care platform based on microfluidic chip for nucleic acid extraction in less than 1 minute
Authors: Zhang Jianzhong , Su Xiaosong , Xu Jiasu , Wang Jin , Zeng Juntian , Li Caiyu , Chen Wendi , Li Tingdong , Min Xiaoping , Zhang Dongxu , Zhang Shiyin , Ge Shengxiang , Zhang Jun , Xia Ningshao
Published: May 2019

In view of the complex procedure of nucleic acid extraction, there exists a huge challenge for the widespread use of point-of-care diagnostics for nucleic acid testing. To achieve point-of-care applications in a more rapid and cost-efficient manner, we designed a snake pipe-shaped microfluidic chip so as to accomplish reagents-prestored, time-saving, operation-simple nucleic acid extraction. All reagents needed for this process, including lysis buffer, wash buffer, elution buffer, and so on, were preloaded in the snake pipe and securely isolated by membrane valves, without the need for using any specialized equipment. By an integrated chip and a powerful ultrasonic, this device could complete virus nucleic acid extraction from sophisticated serum samples in less than 1 min. We used hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mixed with different sources of serum as samples to be extracted. The coefficient of variation of HBV and HIV extraction on-chip was 1.32% and 2.74%, respectively, and there were no significant differences between on-chip and commercial instrument extraction (P > 0.05, α = 0.05) in different dilution ratios, which showed that the extraction device we established had excellent stability and sensitivity.
The effect of magnetic field quantization on the propagation of shock waves in quantum plasmas
Authors: Hussain S. , Ur-Rehman Hafeez , Mahmood S.
Published: May 2019

Nonlinear ion acoustic shock structures are investigated in the presence of trapping effects and Landau quantization in quantum plasmas. Ion electron plasma is under consideration in which ions are classical and quantum mechanical effects of electrons are taken into account. We assume that the orbital motion of electrons is quantized such that the condition kBT≪ℏωce is satisfied. To study the energy transfer mechanism in such conditions, the reductive perturbation technique has been employed to derive the nonlinear differential equation. In the presence of dissipation, which appears through kinematic viscosity of ions, the Korteweg-de Vries Burgers (KdVB) equation is obtained. The different solutions of KdVB are presented, and excitation from KdV oscillations to shock solution is explained in the presence of orbital motion of electrons which are discussed. The devastating effect of Landau quantization on the height (strength) of the nonlinear shock structure is pointed out.
Analysis of conditions for microwave generation by a Bursian diode
Authors: Kuznetsov V. I. , Gerasimenko A. B.
Published: May 2019

We found that the presence of a reactance in the external circuit of a diode with an electron beam can greatly change its operation modes. We were able to demonstrate that when an inductance is included in the external circuit of a Bursian diode with a retarded electron flow, instability can appear in the system diode–external circuit. Parameters at which the diode can generate oscillations are determined. Growth rates and frequencies of the instability are calculated.
Electronic decay of core-excited HCl molecules probed by THz streaking
Authors: Wenig K. , Wieland M. , Baumann A. , Walther S. , Dimitriou A. , Prandolini M. J. , Schepp O. , Bermúdez Macias I. , Sumfleth M. , Stojanovic N. , Düsterer S. , Rönsch-Schulenburg J. , Zapolnova E. , Pan R. , Drescher M. , Frühling U.
Published: May 2019

The ultrafast electronic decay of HCl molecules in the time domain after resonant core excitation was measured. Here, a Cl-2p core electron was promoted to the antibonding σ* orbital initiating molecular dissociation, and simultaneously, the electronic excitation relaxes via an Auger decay. For HCl, both processes compete on similar ultrashort femtosecond time scales. In order to measure the lifetime of the core hole excitation, we collinearly superimposed 40 fs soft x-ray pulses with intense terahertz (THz) radiation from the free-electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH). Electrons emitted from the molecules are accelerated (streaked) by the THz electric field where the resulting momentum change depends on the field's phase at the instant of ionization. Evaluation of a time-shift between the delay-dependent streaking spectra of photo- and Auger electrons yields a decay constant of (11 ± 2) fs for LMM Auger electrons. For further validation, the method was also applied to the MNN Auger decay of krypton. Reproduction of the value already published in the literature confirms that a temporal resolution much below the duration of the exciting x-ray pulses can be reached.
Characteristics of TiO2, Cu2O, and TiO2/Cu2O thin films for application in PV devices
Authors: Sawicka-Chudy P. , Sibiński M. , Pawełek R. , Wisz G. , Cieniek B. , Potera P. , Szczepan P. , Adamiak S. , Cholewa M. , Głowa Ł.
Published: May 2019

Several Cu2O and TiO2 thin films and four additional TiO2/Cu2O structures were fabricated by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering. The process parameters were selected on the basis of earlier studies and numerical simulations. We examined the morphology of a cross-section of the PV structures, roughness and topography, and the transmission spectra of the thin films. Additionally, the properties of the samples were determined by X-ray diffraction. Next, the morphology cross-sectional and layer compositions of the solar cells was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Only one of the TiO2/Cu2O structures appeared smooth and homogeneous with columnar-type growth. For the as-grown films, diffraction peaks were observed and identified as brookite, rutile, CuO, and Cu2O and the average roughness of the samples was 0.5, 1.2, 5.4, and 4.0 nm, respectively. Finally, the transmission spectra of the thin films were recorded. Transmission and reflection spectra of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy were analyzed, and the optical band gap and absorption coefficient of the oxidized layers were calculated. In the region of 400 to 1000 nm, transmittance varied from 5% to 70% in the TiO2 samples, and from 15% to 40% in the Cu2O samples, and reflectance of the TiO2 and Cu2O samples ranged from 20% to 90%. In the region of 1.5 eV to 3.5 eV, the mean absorption coefficient varied from ∼105 1/cm to ∼3 · 105 1/cm for TiO2 thin film, and from ∼2 · 105 to ∼6 · 105 1/cm for Cu2O thin film. The optical band gap values of the samples shifted slightly toward bulk anatase-3.5 eV, bulk rutile-3.1 eV, and copper(I) oxide. Finally, silver contacts were used for the electrodes. One of the fabricated TiO2/Cu2O PV structures was found to be sensitive to electromagnetic radiance during the experiment.
A coincidence velocity map imaging spectrometer for ions and high-energy electrons to study inner-shell photoionization of gas-phase molecules
Authors: Ablikim Utuq , Bomme Cédric , Osipov Timur , Xiong Hui , Obaid Razib , Bilodeau René C. , Kling Nora G. , Dumitriu Ileana , Augustin Sven , Pathak Shashank , Schnorr Kirsten , Kilcoyne David , Berrah Nora , Rolles Daniel
Published: May 2019

We report on the design and performance of a double-sided coincidence velocity map imaging spectrometer optimized for electron-ion and ion-ion coincidence experiments studying inner-shell photoionization of gas-phase molecules with soft X-ray synchrotron radiation. The apparatus employs two microchannel plate detectors equipped with delay-line anodes for coincident, time- and position-resolved detection of photoelectrons and Auger electrons with kinetic energies up to 300 eV on one side of the spectrometer and photoions up to 25 eV per unit charge on the opposite side. We demonstrate its capabilities by measuring valence photoelectrons and ion spectra of neon and nitrogen and by studying channel-resolved photoelectron and Auger spectra along with fragment-ion momentum correlations for chlorine 2p inner-shell ionization of cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethene.
Inverse design of photonic topological state via machine learning
Authors: Long Yang , Ren Jie , Li Yunhui , Chen Hong
Published: May 2019

The photonics topological state plays an important role in recent optical physics and has led to devices with robust properties. However, the design of optical structures with the target topological states is a challenge for current research. Here, we propose an approach to achieve this goal by exploiting machine learning technologies. In our work, we focus on Zak phases, which are the topological properties of one-dimensional photonics crystals. After learning the principle between the geometrical parameters and the Zak phases, the neural network can obtain the appropriate structures of photonics crystals by applying the objective Zak phase properties. Our work would give more insights into the application of machine learning on the inverse design of the complex material properties and could be extended to other fields, i.e., advanced phononics devices.
Sensitivity-enhanced uncooled infrared detector based on a Lamb wave sensor with polydopamine coating
Authors: Li Chuanyu , Guo Zhen , Yao Jia , Kong Hui , Zan Minghui , Dong Wenfei , Zhou Lianqun , Tang Yuguo
Published: May 2019

In this letter, we demonstrate an uncooled, sensitivity-enhanced infrared (IR) detector based on a Lamb wave sensor coated with polydopamine (PDA). The real-time resonant frequency responses of the sensors with and without PDA coating were measured as functions of IR intensity. Compared to the traditional Lamb wave sensor, the PDA-coated Lamb sensor exhibits a highly linear relationship between resonance frequency and IR intensity, and the slope representing the sensitivity of IR detection is nearly one order of magnitude higher. The enhanced sensitivity is mainly attributed to the optical-thermal transition of PDA nanoparticles rather than the modulation of the thermal-acoustic effect. This mechanism for achieving highly sensitive uncooled IR detectors holds great promise for application in photo-thermal therapy along with other military and civilian fields.
Simulation of gain anisotropy induced by linearly polarised pump radiation in a bipolar Nd : YAG laser
Authors: Milovskii N.D. , Khandokhin P.A.
Published: May 2019

A model of a bipolar solid-state Nd : YAG laser is proposed, which takes into account the real orientation of the absorbing and emitting dipoles of active Nd3+ centres in the unit cell of yttrium aluminium garnet. The model describes the experimentally observed effect of gain anisotropy induced by linearly polarised pump radiation and predicts a new form of instability caused by the presence of two competing pump channels, which have not been considered previously in the literature.
Optical pumping of ultracold thulium atoms to a lower level of the clock transition and study of their depolarisation
Authors: Fedorova E.S. , Tregubov D.O. , Golovizin A.A. , Vishnyakova G.A. , Mishin D.A. , Provorchenko D.I. , Khabarova K.Yu. , Sorokin V.N. , Kolachevsky N.N.
Published: May 2019

The atomic energy levels corresponding to states with the zero projection of the total angular momentum have a weak sensitivity to certain sources of shifts and, therefore, are widely used in precision spectroscopy. The optical pumping of ultracold thulium atoms to the ground state level with the zero projection of the total angular momentum is described. The population dynamics of this state due to magnetic dipole − dipole interaction in an external magnetic field is studied.
Noninvasive imaging of tumor progression, metastasis, and fibrosis using a nanobody targeting the extracellular matrix
Authors: Jailkhani Noor , Ingram Jessica R. , Rashidian Mohammad , Rickelt Steffen , Tian Chenxi , Mak Howard , Jiang Zhigang , Ploegh Hidde L. , Hynes Richard O.
Published: May 2019

Significance

Cancers, fibroses, and inflammatory disorders are characterized by increased deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM biomarkers that are selectively expressed at these disease sites are attractive targets for imaging and therapeutic approaches. Nanobodies against these biomarkers would be pertinent vehicles for the accumulation of imaging and therapeutic cargo at disease sites, potentially increasing specificity and reducing background. We demonstrate the specificity of one such anti-ECM nanobody by using immuno-PET/CT and show that it detects multiple models of cancer, including early lesions and metastases, and also fibroses, with excellent specificity and clarity. Thus, novel strategies for delivering imaging and therapeutic probes specifically to the ECM in disease sites may prove particularly valuable for detection and treatment of cancer in patients.
β-Cyclocitral is a conserved root growth regulator
Authors: Dickinson Alexandra J. , Lehner Kevin , Mi Jianing , Jia Kun-Peng , Mijar Medhavinee , Dinneny José , Al-Babili Salim , Benfey Philip N.
Published: May 2019

Significance

Roots produce hundreds to thousands of small molecules with unknown functions. We targeted the apocarotenoid pathway, which has been linked to numerous developmental processes in
Arabidopsis
, for a sensitized chemical genetic screen to identify regulators of root development. β-Cyclocitral, a small molecule derived from β-carotene, was identified as a regulator of root stem cell behavior in
Arabidopsis
as well as in rice and tomato. β-Cyclocitral promotes root stem cell divisions to enhance root growth and branching. In rice, β-cyclocitral enhanced both root and shoot growth during salt stress, which has important implications for agriculture.
JASSY, a chloroplast outer membrane protein required for jasmonate biosynthesis
Authors: Guan Li , Denkert Niels , Eisa Ahmed , Lehmann Martin , Sjuts Inga , Weiberg Arne , Soll Jürgen , Meinecke Michael , Schwenkert Serena
Published: May 2019

Significance

Jasmonates are indispensable for plant growth, as well as for adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. The synthesis of jasmonates is initiated in the chloroplast, where the precursor, 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) is derived from plastid lipids. Despite the fact that much information has been gained on the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and signaling pathways of jasmonates, the export of OPDA from plastids remains enigmatic. In the present study, we showed that JASSY, a protein localized to the outer chloroplast envelope, facilitates export of OPDA from the chloroplast. Loss-of-function mutants lead to abolished jasmonate accumulation, which in turn results in increased susceptibility to cold treatment, as well as pathogen attack.
Rational vaccinology with spherical nucleic acids
Authors: Wang Shuya , Qin Lei , Yamankurt Gokay , Skakuj Kacper , Huang Ziyin , Chen Peng-Cheng , Dominguez Donye , Lee Andrew , Zhang Bin , Mirkin Chad A.
Published: May 2019

Significance

Although the role of adjuvant and antigen molecules in the generation of adaptive immune responses is well known, the development of vaccines remains an outstanding challenge, particularly for cancer immunotherapy. We investigated a set of spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) in which the adjuvant, antigen, and overall architecture of the nanostructure are conserved but are differentiated in a key feature: the position and conjugation chemistry of the peptide antigen. Comparison of these compositionally equivalent yet structurally distinct SNAs led to our identification of a structure with superior performance as a therapeutic vaccine across several animal models and a mechanistic basis for the improvement in antitumor immune responses; these results indicate the potential for success in the rational development of SNA vaccines.
Deacetylation of Miro1 by HDAC6 blocks mitochondrial transport and mediates axon growth inhibition
Authors: Kalinski Ashley L. , Kar Amar N. , Craver John , Tosolini Andrew P. , Sleigh James N. , Lee Seung Joon , Hawthorne Alicia , Brito-Vargas Paul , Miller-Randolph Sharmina , Passino Ryan , Shi Liang , Wong Victor S.C. , Picci Cristina , Smith Deanna S. , Willis Dianna E. , Havton Leif A. , Schiavo Giampietro , Giger Roman J. , Langley Brett , Twiss Jeffery L.
Published: May 2019

Inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) was shown to support axon growth on the nonpermissive substrates myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). Though HDAC6 deacetylates α-tubulin, we find that another HDAC6 substrate contributes to this axon growth failure. HDAC6 is known to impact transport of mitochondria, and we show that mitochondria accumulate in distal axons after HDAC6 inhibition. Miro and Milton proteins link mitochondria to motor proteins for axon transport. Exposing neurons to MAG and CSPGs decreases acetylation of Miro1 on Lysine 105 (K105) and decreases axonal mitochondrial transport. HDAC6 inhibition increases acetylated Miro1 in axons, and acetyl-mimetic Miro1 K105Q prevents CSPG-dependent decreases in mitochondrial transport and axon growth. MAG- and CSPG-dependent deacetylation of Miro1 requires RhoA/ROCK activation and downstream intracellular Ca2+ increase, and Miro1 K105Q prevents the decrease in axonal mitochondria seen with activated RhoA and elevated Ca2+. These data point to HDAC6-dependent deacetylation of Miro1 as a mediator of axon growth inhibition through decreased mitochondrial transport.
IL2RB maintains immune harmony
Authors: Campbell Tessa M. , Bryceson Yenan T.
Published: May 2019

How the IL-2 receptor β-chain specifically shapes immunity has remained enigmatic. In this issue of JEM, Zhang et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20182304) and Fernandez et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20182015) independently report the first observations of autosomal recessive mutations in IL2RB, revealing a requirement for IL2RB in immunity and peripheral immune tolerance.
Research on layout optimization of express parcel transportation network distribution center based on node operation process
Authors: Han Jun , He Shiwei , Bi Mingkai , Song Zilong
Published: May 2019

Through refining the ability of distribution center node and combining the national political factors, this paper proposes an improved P-median model, which considers the constraints of the import operation scale, export operation scale and intermediate operation capability of each candidate distribution center node and mandatory nodes. Finally, this paper takes a large express logistics enterprise parcel transportation network as an example to analyse the optimization result of case and parameter sensitivity of node service scope. We find that the optimized layout of the distribution center breaks the administrative division constraint, realizes the nearest transit of parcel, fully considers the scale of each operation of the node, and meets the requirements of mid-to-long term development trend of the parcel express transportation network, which has reference significance for the development of the parcel transportation business and the research on site selection model.