bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrohydrodynamic flow caused by field-enhanced dissociation solely
Authors: Vasilkov S. A. , Chirkov V. A. , Stishkov Yu. K.
Published: June 2017

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flows emerge in dielectric liquids under the action of the Coulomb force and underlie energy-efficient techniques for heat and mass transfer. The key issue in the phenomena is the way how the net charge is created. One of the most promising, yet poorly studied charge formation mechanisms is the field-enhanced dissociation (or the Wien effect). So the paper studies an EHD flow caused solely by the effect by virtue of both experiment and computer simulation. To preclude the competing mechanism of charge formation—the injection—a new EHD system of a special design was examined. Its main feature is the use of solid insulation to create the region of the strong electric field far from the electrode metal surfaces. The experimental study used the particle image velocimetry technique to observe velocity distributions, whereas the computations were based on the complete set of electrohydrodynamic equations employing the commercial software package COMSOL Multiphysics. Spatial distributions of key quantities (including the ion concentrations, the total space charge density, and the velocity) and the acting forces were obtained in the computer simulation and were analyzed. The experimental flow structure was observed for a number of voltages up to 30 kV. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results yielded a good quantitative agreement for strong electric fields though some overshoot was observed for weak ones. The results allow concluding on the applicability of the Onsager theory of the field-enhanced dissociation in the context of EHD flows.
Split-orientation-modulated plasmon coupling in disk/sector dimers
Authors: Zhu Xupeng , Chen Yiqin , Shi Huimin , Zhang Shi , Liu Quanhui , Duan Huigao
Published: June 2017

The coupled asymmetric plasmonic nanostructures allow more compact nanophotonics integration and easier optical control in practical applications, such as directional scattering and near-field control. Here, we carried out a systematic and in-depth study on the plasmonic coupling of an asymmetric gold disk/sector dimer, and investigated the light-matter interaction in such an asymmetric coupled complex nanostructures. The results demonstrated that the positions and the intensity of plasmon resonance peak as well as the spatial distribution of electric fields around the surface in the coupled disk/sector dimer can be tuned by changing the azimuth angle of the gold sector. Based on Simpson-Peterson approximation, we proposed a model to understand the obtained plasmon properties of asymmetric coupled disk/sector dimers by introducing an offset parameter between the geometry center and dipole center of the sector. The experimental results agree well with the simulations. Our study provides an insight to tune the plasmon coupling behavior via adjusting the plasmon dipole center position in coupling systems.
Revival of oscillations from deaths in diffusively coupled nonlinear systems: Theory and experiment
Authors: Zou Wei , Sebek Michael , Kiss István Z. , Kurths Jürgen
Published: June 2017

Amplitude death (AD) and oscillation death (OD) are two structurally different oscillation quenching phenomena in coupled nonlinear systems. As a reverse issue of AD and OD, revival of oscillations from deaths attracts an increasing attention recently. In this paper, we clearly disclose that a time delay in the self-feedback component of the coupling destabilizes not only AD but also OD, and even the AD to OD transition in paradigmatic models of coupled Stuart-Landau oscillators under diverse death configurations. Using a rigorous analysis, the effectiveness of this self-feedback delay in revoking AD is theoretically proved to be valid in an arbitrary network of coupled Stuart-Landau oscillators with generally distributed propagation delays. Moreover, the role of self-feedback delay in reviving oscillations from AD is experimentally verified in two delay-coupled electrochemical reactions.
Full characterisation of a background limited antenna coupled KID over an octave of bandwidth for THz radiation
Authors: Bueno J. , Yurduseven O. , Yates S. J. C. , Llombart N. , Murugesan V. , Thoen D. J. , Baryshev A. M. , Neto A. , Baselmans J. J. A.
Published: June 2017

We present the design, fabrication, and full characterisation (sensitivity, beam pattern, and frequency response) of a background limited broadband antenna coupled kinetic inductance detector covering the frequency range from 1.4 to 2.8 THz. This device shows photon noise limited performance with a noise equivalent power of 2.5 × 10−19 W/Hz1∕2 at 1.55 THz and can be easily scaled to a kilo-pixel array. The measured optical efficiency, beam pattern, and antenna frequency response match very well the simulations.
Correlative plasma-surface model for metastable Cr-Al-N: Frenkel pair formation and influence of the stress state on the elastic properties
Authors: Music Denis , Banko Lars , Ruess Holger , Engels Martin , Hecimovic Ante , Grochla Dario , Rogalla Detlef , Brögelmann Tobias , Ludwig Alfred , von Keudell Achim , Bobzin Kirsten , Schneider Jochen M.
Published: June 2017

Correlatively employing density functional theory and experiments congregated around high power pulsed magnetron sputtering, a plasma-surface model for metastable Cr0.8Al0.2N (space group Fm3¯m) is developed. This plasma-surface model relates plasma energetics with film composition, crystal structure, mass density, stress state, and elastic properties. It is predicted that N Frenkel pairs form during Cr0.8Al0.2N growth due to high-energy ion irradiation, yielding a mass density of 5.69 g cm−3 at room temperature and Young's modulus of 358–130 GPa in the temperature range of 50–700 K for the stress-free state and about 150 GPa larger values for the compressive stress of 4 GPa. Our measurements are consistent with the quantum mechanical predictions within 5% for the mass density and 3% for Young's modulus. The hypothesis of a stress-induced Young's modulus change may at least in part explain the spread in the reported elasticity data ranging from 250 to 420 GPa.
Potential option for mitigating methane emission from tropical paddy rice through selection of suitable rice varieties
Authors: Bharali Ashmita , Baruah Kushal K. , Gogoi Nirmali
Published: June 2017

Cultivation of rice, a globally important cereal crop, is a major cause of emission of the greenhouse gas (GHG) methane (CH4), giving rise to global warming. Physiological and anatomical characteristics of rice plants associated with CH4 emission were studied in six high-yielding rice varieties, Dikhow, Dishang, Jaya, Kolong, Kopilee and Lachit, during the pre-monsoon season (April–August) for 2 years (2013 and 2014) in a tropical climate in India. Significant differences (P < 0.001) in photosynthetic rate among the rice varieties were recorded and were found to influence CH4 emission from the ecosystem. Rate of CH4 emission was found correlated (r = 0.942) with size of the xylem vessels of the node of the varieties. Kolong, Lachit and Dikhow were identified as low CH4 emitters with smaller xylem vessels. The recorded GHG intensity (GHGI) revealed rice varieties as a source of GHGs, and among the varieties, Kopilee as a major source of CH4, with GHGI of 0.083 and 0.093 during 2013 and 2014, respectively. Results suggest that selection of suitable rice varieties with high grain yield accompanied by lower rate of CH4 emission can be a viable option for reduction of CH4 emissions from rice agriculture.
Ambient nitrogen reduction cycle using a hybrid inorganic–biological system
Authors: Liu Chong , Sakimoto Kelsey K. , Colón Brendan C. , Silver Pamela A. , Nocera Daniel G.
Published: June 2017

Significance

The nitrogen cycle and the fixation of atmospheric N
2
into ammonium are crucial to global food production. The industrial Haber–Bosch process facilitates half the global nitrogen fixation in the form of ammonia but it is energy- and resource-intensive, using natural gas as the source of energy and hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure. Our alternative approach synthesizes ammonium from N
2
and H
2
O at ambient conditions powered by water splitting, which may be driven renewably. The inorganic–biological hybrid system fixes atmospheric nitrogen into NH
3
or soluble biomass with high fluxes and energy efficiency. Simultaneously, this system cultivates a living soil bacterium that acts as a potent biofertilizer amenable to boosting crop yields.
ESCRT-mediated vesicle concatenation in plant endosomes
Authors: Buono Rafael Andrade , Leier André , Paez-Valencia Julio , Pennington Janice , Goodman Kaija , Miller Nathan , Ahlquist Paul , Marquez-Lago Tatiana T. , Otegui Marisa S.
Published: June 2017

Ubiquitinated plasma membrane proteins (cargo) are delivered to endosomes and sorted by endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery into endosome intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) for degradation. In contrast to the current model that postulates that ILVs form individually from inward budding of the endosomal limiting membrane, plant ILVs form as networks of concatenated vesicle buds by a novel vesiculation mechanism. We ran computational simulations based on experimentally derived diffusion coefficients of an ESCRT cargo protein and electron tomograms of Arabidopsis thaliana endosomes to measure cargo escape from budding ILVs. We found that 50% of the ESCRT cargo would escape from a single budding profile in 5–20 ms and from three concatenated ILVs in 80–200 ms. These short cargo escape times predict the need for strong diffusion barriers in ILVs. Consistent with a potential role as a diffusion barrier, we find that the ESCRT-III protein SNF7 remains associated with ILVs and is delivered to the vacuole for degradation.
Clustering of Ca2+ transients in interstitial cells of Cajal defines slow wave duration
Authors: Drumm Bernard T. , Hennig Grant W. , Battersby Matthew J. , Cunningham Erin K. , Sung Tae Sik , Ward Sean M. , Sanders Kenton M. , Baker Salah A.
Published: June 2017

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the myenteric plexus region (ICC-MY) of the small intestine are pacemakers that generate rhythmic depolarizations known as slow waves. Slow waves depend on activation of Ca2+-activated Cl− channels (ANO1) in ICC, propagate actively within networks of ICC-MY, and conduct to smooth muscle cells where they generate action potentials and phasic contractions. Thus, mechanisms of Ca2+ regulation in ICC are fundamental to the motor patterns of the bowel. Here, we characterize the nature of Ca2+ transients in ICC-MY within intact muscles, using mice expressing a genetically encoded Ca2+ sensor, GCaMP3, in ICC. Ca2+ transients in ICC-MY display a complex firing pattern caused by localized Ca2+ release events arising from multiple sites in cell somata and processes. Ca2+ transients are clustered within the time course of slow waves but fire asynchronously during these clusters. The durations of Ca2+ transient clusters (CTCs) correspond to slow wave durations (plateau phase). Simultaneous imaging and intracellular electrical recordings revealed that the upstroke depolarization of slow waves precedes clusters of Ca2+ transients. Summation of CTCs results in relatively uniform Ca2+ responses from one slow wave to another. These Ca2+ transients are caused by Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and depend on ryanodine receptors as well as amplification from IP3 receptors. Reduced extracellular Ca2+ concentrations and T-type Ca2+ channel blockers decreased the number of firing sites and firing probability of Ca2+ transients. In summary, the fundamental electrical events of small intestinal muscles generated by ICC-MY depend on asynchronous firing of Ca2+ transients from multiple intracellular release sites. These events are organized into clusters by Ca2+ influx through T-type Ca2+ channels to sustain activation of ANO1 channels and generate the plateau phase of slow waves.
Cognitive changes in prevalent and incident cardiovascular disease: a 12-year follow-up in the Maastricht Aging Study (MAAS)
Authors: Schievink Syenna H J , van Boxtel Martin P J , Deckers Kay , van Oostenbrugge Robert J , Verhey Frans R J , Köhler Sebastian
Published: June 2017

Aims

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been suggested to accelerate cognitive decline and to be a risk factor for dementia, but still little is known about the cognitive course after a first cardiovascular event. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the cognitive trajectories in both prevalent and incident CVD over a 12-year time period in the general population.

Methods and results

Cognitively healthy participants (age 24–82 years, n = 1823) of a prospective cohort study were serially assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 years. Verbal memory, executive function, and information processing speed were analysed in adults with prevalent, incident, and no CVD. Random effects models were used to test the association between CVD and change in cognitive function over time. At baseline, participants with prevalent CVD showed more decline in memory and information processing speed than healthy controls. Participants with incident CVD also showed more decline in these cognitive domains, but this was only significant in the follow-up period from 6 to 12 years. Associations were more pronounced in participants aged younger than 65 years at baseline, and in sub-analyses with angina pectoris or myocardial infarction as the most prevalent CVD conditions.

Conclusion

Prevalent and incident CVD predict cognitive decline in middle-aged individuals. Findings for incident CVD suggest that the onset of decline is linked in time with the vascular event itself. Timely CVD management may delay the onset of decline.
Multispecies acoustic dead-zone correction and bias ratio estimates between acoustic and bottom-trawl data
Authors: Ono Kotaro , Kotwicki Stan , Dingsør Gjert E , Johnsen Espen
Published: June 2017

In this study, we extended the original work of Kotwicki et al. (2013. Combining bottom trawl and acoustic data to model acoustic dead zone correction and bottom trawl efficiency parameters for semipelagic species. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 70: 208–219) to jointly estimate the acoustic dead-zone correction, the bias ratio, and the gear efficiency for multiple species by using simultaneously collected acoustic and bottom-trawl data. The model was applied to cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) in the Barents Sea and demonstrated a better or similar performance compared with a single species approach. The vertical distribution of cod and haddock was highly variable and was influenced by light level, water temperature, salinity, and depth. Temperature and sunlight were the most influential factors in this study. Increase in temperature resulted in decreasing catch and fish density in the acoustic dead zone (ADZ), while increasing sun altitude (surrogate for light level) increased the catch and fish density in the ADZ. The catch and density of haddock in the ADZ also increased at the lowest sun altitude level (shortly after midnight). Generally, the density of cod and haddock changed more rapidly in the ADZ than in the catch (from bottom to the effective fishing height) indicating the importance of modelling fish density in the ADZ. Finally, the uncorrelated variability in the annual residual variance of cod and haddock further strengthen the conclusion that species vertical distribution changes frequently and that there are probably many other unobserved environmental variables that affect them independently.
Prospective, Split-Face, Randomized, Long-Term Blinded Objective Comparison of the Performance and Tolerability of Two New Hyaluronic Acid Fillers
Authors: Trevidic Patrick , Andre Pierre , Benadiba Laurent , Deutsch Jean-Jacques , Galatoire Olivier , Garcia Philippe , Grand-Vincent Anne , Boisnic Sylvie , Kerihuel Jean-Charles , Salomon Catherine
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

There are requirements for long-term, objective comparisons of hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers.

OBJECTIVE

To compare efficacy and tolerability of ART FILLER Universal (AFU) and ART FILLER Fine lines (AFFL) with the existing HA fillers for the treatment of nasolabial folds and crow's feet.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Prospective, randomized, rater- and patient-blind, split-face comparison of AFU with JUVEDERM Ultra 3 (JUV) and AFFL with FIRST LINES PureSense (FLPS). The severity of nasolabial folds and crow's feet was assessed by independent blinded evaluators using the Lemperle scale at baseline, day (D) 30/D45, D90, and D180. Tolerability, Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), wrinkle volumes, and skin thickness and density were also measured at D30/D45, D90, and D180.

RESULTS

At D30 and D180 respectively, 61 and 67 patients were assessed. Scores for nasolabial folds and crow's feet showed statistically significant improvements at D30, D90, and D180. AFU and AFFL were noninferior to JUV and FLPS, respectively. Most patients showed GAIS improvements, maintained until at least D180 and significant increases of collagen synthesis in crow's feet and nasolabial folds. Treatments were well tolerated.

CONCLUSION

AFU and AFFL are noninferior to comparators. The methodology used represents a novel approach to augment existing clinical assessment of HA fillers.
Addressing the Global Zika Epidemic Locally
Authors: Forman Rosha N. , Mehta Pooja K. , Louis Kettie R. , Finneseth Molly K. , Yarrington Christina D.
Published: June 2017

Escalating evidence for the fetal impact of Zika virus infection required a change in care by all prenatal providers. This article describes an effective model of rapid implementation of universal prenatal screening at one hospital and its network of community health centers for a large and diverse immigrant population exploring the challenges, experiences, and lessons learned. Implementation of national recommendations required a workflow change, challenging a system with a heterogeneity of settings and providers. Using a physician clinical champion and advanced practice nurses in the roles of logistical coordinator and liaison to the network, Zika screening was embedded into prenatal intake visits at both the hospital and community health centers. Challenges addressed include varied medical record systems, acceptance by patients, providers, and community health center leadership, as well as culturally appropriate outreach to diverse ethnic and linguistic communities. In 6 months, the prenatal screening rates increased from 20% to 88%, which resulted in the identification of more than 300 pregnant patients at risk of exposure to Zika virus. This model offers key lessons for emergency preparedness in heterogeneous, safety net hospital settings.
Daniel Joseph Bradley. 18 January 1928 — 7 February 2010
Authors: Taylor J. Roy
Published: June 2017

Dan Bradley was a pioneer of laser physics and technology. He was internationally distinguished for his seminal work on broad-band, wavelength-tuneable lasers, the generation of ultra-short pulses, and the development of the technology that allowed the only direct temporal characterization of optical pulses with sub-picosecond resolution. He was responsible for the creation of two major UK university laser research centres and was a leading proponent for the formation of the UK Central Laser Facility, establishing the foundations of a vivacious living legacy in UK laser physics.
Analytical solutions for two-dimensional Stokes flow singularities in a no-slip wedge of arbitrary angle
Authors: Crowdy Darren G. , Brzezicki Samuel J.
Published: June 2017

An analytical method to find the flow generated by the basic singularities of Stokes flow in a wedge of arbitrary angle is presented. Specifically, we solve a biharmonic equation for the stream function of the flow generated by a point stresslet singularity and satisfying no-slip boundary conditions on the two walls of the wedge. The method, which is readily adapted to any other singularity type, takes full account of any transcendental singularities arising at the corner of the wedge. The approach is also applicable to problems of plane strain/stress of an elastic solid where the biharmonic equation also governs the Airy stress function.
What shapes the continuum of reproductive isolation? Lessons fromHeliconiusbutterflies
Authors: Mérot C. , Salazar C. , Merrill R. M. , Jiggins C. D. , Joron M.
Published: June 2017

The process by which species evolve can be illuminated by investigating barriers that limit gene flow between taxa. Recent radiations, such asHeliconiusbutterflies, offer the opportunity to compare isolation between pairs of taxa at different stages of ecological, geographical, and phylogenetic divergence. Here, we report a comparative analysis of existing and novel data in order to quantify the strength and direction of isolating barriers within a well-studied clade ofHeliconius. Our results highlight that increased divergence is associated with the accumulation of stronger and more numerous barriers to gene flow. Wing pattern is both under natural selection for Müllerian mimicry and involved in mate choice, and therefore underlies several isolating barriers. However, pairs which share a similar wing pattern also display strong reproductive isolation mediated by traits other than wing pattern. This suggests that, while wing pattern is a key factor for early stages of divergence, it may become facultative at later stages of divergence. Additional factors including habitat partitioning, hybrid sterility, and chemically mediated mate choice are associated with complete speciation. Therefore, although most previous work has emphasized the role of wing pattern, our comparative results highlight that speciation is a multi-dimensional process, whose completion is stabilized by many factors.
Primate energy input and the evolutionary transition to energy-dense diets in humans
Authors: Simmen Bruno , Pasquet Patrick , Masi Shelly , Koppert Georgius J. A. , Wells Jonathan C. K. , Hladik Claude Marcel
Published: June 2017

Humans and other large-brained hominins have been proposed to increase energy turnover during their evolutionary history. Such increased energy turnover is plausible, given the evolution of energy-rich diets, but requires empirical confirmation. Framing human energetics in a phylogenetic context, our meta-analysis of 17 wild non-human primate species shows that daily metabolizable energy input follows an allometric relationship with body mass where the allometric exponent for mass is 0.75 ± 0.04, close to that reported for daily energy expenditure measured with doubly labelled water in primates. Human populations at subsistence level (
n
= 6) largely fall within the variation of primate species in the scaling of energy intake and therefore do not consume significantly more energy than predicted for a non-human primate of equivalent mass. By contrast, humans ingest a conspicuously lower mass of food (−64 ± 6%) compared with primates and maintain their energy intake relatively more constantly across the year. We conclude that our hominin hunter–gatherer ancestors did not increase their energy turnover beyond the allometric relationship characterizing all primate species. The reduction in digestive costs due to consumption of a lower mass of high-quality food, as well as stabilization of energy supply, may have been important evolutionary steps enabling encephalization in the absence of significantly raised energy intakes.
The route of infection determines
Wolbachia
antibacterial protection in
Drosophila
Authors: Gupta Vanika , Vasanthakrishnan Radhakrishnan B. , Siva-Jothy Jonathon , Monteith Katy M. , Brown Sam P. , Vale Pedro F.
Published: June 2017

Bacterial symbionts are widespread among metazoans and provide a range of beneficial functions.
Wolbachia
-mediated protection against viral infection has been extensively demonstrated in
Drosophila.
In mosquitoes that are artificially transinfected with
Drosophila melanogaster Wolbachia
(wMel), protection from both viral and bacterial infections has been demonstrated. However, no evidence for
Wolbachia
-mediated antibacterial protection has been demonstrated in
Drosophila
to date. Here, we show that the route of infection is key for
Wolbachia
-mediated antibacterial protection.
Drosophila melanogaster
carrying
Wolbachia
showed reduced mortality during enteric—but not systemic—infection with the opportunist pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
.
Wolbachia
-mediated protection was more pronounced in male flies and is associated with increased early expression of the antimicrobial peptide
Attacin A
, and also increased expression of a reactive oxygen species detoxification gene (
Gst D8
). These results highlight that the route of infection is important for symbiont-mediated protection from infection, that
Wolbachia
can protect hosts by eliciting a combination of resistance and disease tolerance mechanisms, and that these effects are sexually dimorphic. We discuss the importance of using ecologically relevant routes of infection to gain a better understanding of symbiont-mediated protection.
Five years of land surface phenology in a large-scale flooding and draining manipulation in a coastal Arctic ecosystem
Authors: Goswami Santonu , Gamon John A. , Vargas Sergio , Tweedie Craig E.
Published: June 2017

This study was motivated by the knowledge gap for observing the complex interplay between surface hydrology and plant phenology in arctic landscapes and was conducted as part of a large scale, multi investigator flooding and draining experiment near Barrow, Alaska (71°17’01” N, 156°35’48” W) during 2005 - 2009. Hyperspectral reflectance data were collected in the visible to near IR region of the spectrum using a robotic tram system that operated along a 300m transects during the snow free growing period between June and August, 2005-09. Interannual patterns of land-surface phenology (NDVI) unexpectedly lacked marked differences under experimental conditions. Measurement of NDVI was, however, compromised for presence of surface water. Land-surface phenology and surface water was negatively correlated, which held when scaled to a 2km by 2km MODIS subset of the study area. This result suggested that published findings of ‘greening of the Arctic’ may relate to a ‘drying of the Arctic’ i.e. reduced surface water in vegetated high-latitude landscapes where surface water is close to ground level.
Development and dissemination of a core competency framework
Authors: Trollor Julian N. , Eagleson Claire , Weise Janelle , McKay Roderick
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe and critique the methodology used to develop a core competency framework for mental health professionals working with people with an intellectual disability and co-occurring mental ill health.

Design/methodology/approach

A multi-phase, multi-method design was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data, including a scoping survey, modified online Delphi, and consultation with multiple stakeholders. The implementation phase involved a launch forum and workshop, toolkit development, and evaluation strategy.

Findings

Results from the scoping survey and consultation process informed the development of a core competency framework with 11 domains. An accompanying toolkit was also developed with practical guidance to assist with the implementation of the core competencies. In total, 93 professionals attended the launch forum, and the framework has been downloaded 998 times during the first year it has been available.

Research limitations/implications

Detailed information specific to each profession cannot be included when a whole of workforce approach is used. The ways in which to use the framework in conjunction with other core competency frameworks is discussed.

Practical implications

This framework can be utilised by mental health workers including clinicians, managers, service developers, and educators, from multiple professional backgrounds. The approach taken can also be used by others to develop similar frameworks.

Originality/value

This is the first core competency framework, to the authors’ knowledge, specifically designed for public mental health professionals from varied backgrounds working with people with an intellectual disability. Consulting with multiple stakeholders, not just experts, elicited new information that may otherwise have been overlooked.
Service quality and acculturation: advancing immigrant healthcare utilization
Authors: Davis Kathryn Simons , Mohan Mayoor , Rayburn Steven W.
Published: June 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to develop an understanding of key variables for designing and marketing healthcare services for immigrant consumers – widely considered a vulnerable consumer group.

Design/methodology/approach

Data collected from 277 participants was analyzed using ANOVA models and mean score comparisons.

Findings

Differences based on immigrant status and acculturation level are identified. Differences between immigrant acculturation levels based on service quality dimensions are also revealed.

Research implications

This research indicates that acculturation-based studies are insightful and finds that immigrants’ service responses do not mirror those of native respondents in healthcare services.

Practical and social implications

This research highlights key nuances within immigrant populations that hold significant implications for service providers. Culturally appropriate service design and marketing can enhance service utilization by the target population.

Originality/value

This study focuses on the healthcare service experiences of immigrant populations and application of this information to service design.
Do service scripts exacerbate job demand-induced customer perceived discrimination?
Authors: Walsh Gianfranco , Hammes Eva Katharina
Published: June 2017

Purpose

This research aims to investigate the contingent influence of service scripts on the links between service employees’ job demands and customers’ perceptions of discrimination.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on prior conceptual and empirical work, as well as conservation of resources theory, the authors propose a conceptual model comprising job demands (job stress and role ambiguity) and two dimensions of perceived discrimination.

Findings

A unique, dyadic data set reveals that the two focal job demands positively affect customers’ perceptions of discrimination. Service scripts enhance those negative relationships, such that they have resource-depleting and job demand-exacerbating effects.

Originality/value

This study offers the first research to link customer perceived discrimination with employee antecedents. These insights, in turn, have several key theoretical and managerial implications, and they offer directions for further work in this arena.
Comparison of the c‐MET gene amplification between primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xu Chun‐wei , Wang Wen‐xian , Wu Mei‐juan , Zhu You‐cai , Zhuang Wu , Lin Gen , Du Kai‐qi , Huang Yun‐jian , Chen Yan‐ping , Chen Gang , Fang Mei‐yu
Published: June 2017

Background

c‐MET has recently been identified as a promising novel target in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We detected the consistency of c‐MET gene amplification in metastatic lymph nodes and tumor tissues of NSCLC patients and discuss the clinical application value of c‐MET gene amplification in metastatic lymph nodes.

Methods

Real‐time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to test tumor tissues in 368 NSCLC patients and 178 paired metastatic lymph node samples. The amplification consistency in metastatic lymph nodes and tissue samples were compared and the correlation between c‐MET gene amplification and the clinical characteristics of patients was analyzed.

Results

The c‐MET gene amplification rate was 8.97% (33/368) in tumor tissues. Of the 178 paired cases, c‐MET gene amplification was positive in 7.95% (15/178) of cancerous tissues and 18.54% (33/178) of metastatic lymph nodes. c‐MET gene amplification was detected more frequently in metastatic lymph nodes than in primary cancerous tissue. When metastatic lymph nodes were used as surrogate samples of primary cancerous tissues, the sensitivity was 86.67% (13/15) and the specificity was 87.69% (143/163).

Conclusions

Screening for c‐MET gene amplification in lymph node metastases could determine which patients are eligible for tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Lymph node metastasis can predict c‐MET gene amplification in a primary tumor and guide the clinical use of c‐MET gene targeted drugs.
Vitamin D insufficiency, preterm delivery and preeclampsia in women with type 1 diabetes – an observational study
Authors: Vestgaard Marianne , Secher Anna L. , Ringholm Lene , Jensen Jens‐Erik B. , Damm Peter , Mathiesen Elisabeth R.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether vitamin D insufficiency is associated with preterm delivery and preeclampsia in women with type 1 diabetes.

Material and methods

An observational study of 198 pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. 25‐Hydroxy‐Vitamin D and HbA1c were measured in blood samples in early (median 8 weeks, range 5–14) and late (34 weeks, range 32–36) pregnancy. Kidney involvement (microalbuminuria or nephropathy) at inclusion, smoking status at inclusion, preterm delivery (<37 weeks) and preeclampsia (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg and proteinuria) were registered. Vitamin D supplementation of 10 μg daily was routinely recommended.

Results

Thirty‐nine (20%) of the 198 women delivered preterm and 16 (8%) developed preeclampsia. Vitamin D insufficiency (<50 nmol/L) was present in 68 women (34%) in early pregnancy and in 73 women (37%) in late pregnancy. Preterm delivery occurred more frequently in women with vitamin D insufficiency in late pregnancy (27% vs. 15%, crude odds ratio 2.1; 95% confidence interval 1.0–4.3, p = 0.04). After adjustment for preexisting kidney involvement, HbA1c in late pregnancy and smoking the association became nonsignificant (adjusted odds ratio 1.8; 95% confidence interval 0.8–3.7). Preeclampsia developed in 11% of women with vitamin D insufficiency vs. 6% of the remaining women (crude odds ratio 1.8; 95% confidence interval 0.9–4.1, p = 0.25).

Conclusion

In women with type 1 diabetes, preterm delivery was twice as frequent in women with vitamin D insufficiency in late pregnancy in crude analysis, but in this small study, low vitamin D was not independently associated with preterm birth or preeclampsia.
Letter: should Barrett's oesophagus be considered a potential cardiovascular risk factor?
Authors: Kilincalp S. , Altiner S.
Published: June 2017

Linked Content

This article is linked to Erichsen et al paper. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13962.
Laparoscopic total pancreatectomy for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome‐associated multifocal, non‐functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: A case report
Authors: Senthinathan Palanisamy , Jankar Samrat Vijaykumar , Sabnis Sandeep C , Kaje Vivek , Srivatsan Gurumurthy Sivakumar , Anand Vijai Natesan , Nalankilli Vaiyapurigounder Palanisamy , Praveen Raj Palanivelu , Parthasarathi Ramakrishanan , Rajapandian Subbiah , Palanivelu Chinnusamy
Published: June 2017

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are rare, accounting for less than 3% of all pancreatic tumors. Although laparoscopic pancreas‐preserving surgery for managing sporadic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors has been described in the literature, laparoscopic total pancreatectomy has rarely been reported. We present a 30‐year‐old man who was incidentally diagnosed with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome with parathyroid hyperplasia and a non‐functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. He underwent laparoscopic total pancreatectomy with splenectomy. This report highlights the technical details of laparoscopic total pancreatectomy, which appears to be a feasible and safe option in select cases.
SME Reporting in Australia: Where to Now for Decision‐usefulness?
Authors: Handley Karen , Wright Sue , Evans Elaine
Published: June 2017

This paper develops recommendations for simplified decision‐useful SME financial reporting in Australia – a country that has traditionally allowed a wide range of reporting standards to be used by these entities. Drawing on interviews and comment letters from a number of stakeholders, and data from a survey of users of financial statements of non‐publicly accountable unlisted entities, we analyse stakeholder arguments for and against SMEs providing less detailed reports, and identify the line items that might be most useful to users for decision making.
Modification of initial therapy in early and advanced Hodgkin lymphoma, based on interim PET/CT is beneficial: a prospective multicentre trial of 355 patients
Authors: Dann Eldad J. , Bairey Osnat , Bar‐Shalom Rachel , Mashiach Tanya , Barzilai Elinor , Kornberg Abraham , Akria Luiza , Tadmor Tamar , Filanovsky Kalman , Abadi Uri , Kagna Olga , Ruchlemer Rosa , Abdah‐Bortnyak Roxolyana , Goldschmidt Neta , Epelbaum Ron , Horowitz Netanel A. , Lavie David , Ben‐Yehuda Dina , Shpilberg Ofer , Paltiel Ora
Published: June 2017

This multicentre study evaluated 5‐year progression‐free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in early and advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), where therapy was individualized based on initial prognostic factors and positron emission tomography‐computed tomography performed after two cycles (PET‐2). Between September 2006 and August 2013, 359 patients aged 18–60 years, were recruited in nine Israeli centres. Early‐HL patients initially received ABVD (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) ×2. Depending on initial unfavourable prognostic features, PET‐2‐positive patients received additional ABVD followed by involved‐site radiotherapy (ISRT). Patients with negative PET‐2 and favourable disease received ISRT or ABVD ×2; those with unfavourable disease received ABVD ×2 with ISRT or, alternatively, ABVD ×4. Advanced‐HL patients initially received ABVD ×2 or escalated BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone; EB) ×2 based on their international prognostic score (≤2 or ≥3). PET‐2‐negative patients further received ABVD ×4; PET‐2‐positive patients received EB ×4 and ISRT to residual masses. With a median follow‐up of 55 (13–119) months, 5‐year PFS was 91% and 69% for PET‐2‐negative and positive early‐HL, respectively; 5‐year OS was 100% and 95%, respectively. For advanced‐HL, the PFS was 81% and 68%, respectively (P = 0·08); 5‐year OS was 98% and 91%, respectively. PET‐2 positivity is associated with inferior prognosis in early‐HL, even with additional ABVD and ISRT. Advanced‐HL patients benefit from therapy escalation following positive PET‐2. EB can be safely de‐escalated to ABVD in PET‐2‐negative patients.
Expanding Children's Agency: Cases of Young People Experiencing Economic Adversity
Authors: Skattebol Jennifer , Redmond Gerry , Zizzo Gabriella
Published: June 2017

The New Sociology of Childhood has generated a significant literature that illustrates children's agency in a wide range of contexts and settings but which oversimplifies the notion of agency. This paper develops Paul Hoggett's work on agency in the context of disadvantage to demonstrate the ways in which young people's agency is contingent on time and environmental contexts. We argue that the agency that marginalised young people enact can both implicitly pay homage to neo‐liberal ideals of individual autonomy and self, while simultaneously resisting other neo‐liberal ideals relating to parental and family responsibilities. This ambiguity in young people's relationship to neo‐liberal ideals highlights a contradiction inherent in the same ideals, where expectations of young people with respect to their human capital development are placed uneasily alongside the notion that families are key socialising agents of young people.
Retrospektive Expositionsabschätzung der natürlichen UV‐Strahlendosis: Erfahrungen mit dem Online‐UV‐Anamnese‐Instrument im Feldversuch
Authors: Weistenhöfer Wobbeke , Hiller Julia , Drexler Hans , Kiesel Johannes
Published: June 2017

Hintergrund

Plattenepithelkarzinome und multiple aktinische Keratosen der Haut können als Berufskrankheit (BK) anerkannt und entschädigt werden, wenn am Ort der Entstehung eine zusätzliche beruflich bedingte UV‐Exposition von mindestens 40 % vorliegt. Ein neu entwickeltes Online‐UV‐Anamnese‐Instrument, das eine Quantifizierung der beruflichen und außerberuflichen UV‐Dosis ermöglicht, wurde nun im Feldversuch getestet.

Patienten und Methodik

Es wurden 99 Patienten mit nichtmelanozytärem Hautkrebs untersucht und im Rahmen der Anamneseerhebung das Online‐UV‐Anamnese‐Instrument eingesetzt. Mit den Daten von zehn weiteren Patienten wurde eine erste Validierung durchgeführt. Die Anwendbarkeit des Instruments wurde in einem Pilotprojekt mit einem Fragebogen getestet.

Ergebnisse

Anamnestisch wurden Gesamt‐UV‐Expositionen zwischen 3792 und 53 163 SED erhoben. Patienten mit einem Plattenepithelkarzinom, aktinischen Keratosen oder Morbus Bowen (n = 22) hatten signifikant höhere SED‐Werte als Basalzellkar­zinom‐Patienten (n = 77) und waren signifikant älter (73 vs. 66 Jahre). Berufliche UV‐­Expositionen gaben 19 Patienten an, zwei mit einer zusätzlichen beruflich bedingten UV‐Dosis von über 40 %, so dass eine Berufskrankheiten‐Verdachtsanzeige gestellt werden konnte. In der Validierung zeigten sich Hinweise auf eine gute Übereinstimmung zwischen den Untersuchern. Die Anwendbarkeit des Instruments wurde gut bewertet.

Schlussfolgerungen

Das Online‐UV‐Anamnese‐Instrument ist ein Instrument zur schnellen retrospektiven Quantifizierung der beruflichen und außerberuflichen UV‐Belastung bei Verdacht auf eine Berufskrankheit „Plattenepithelkarzinome oder multiple aktinische Keratosen der Haut durch natürliche UV‐Strahlung“.
Yield of head computed tomography in patients with new onset of transient headaches
Authors: Hammond Niamh , Ranta Annemarei
Published: June 2017

Background

Headache is a common patient complaint. The threshold for brain imaging in headache is debated, especially when the headache is transient, although even if the headache has resolved at presentation, a sentinel bleed heralding a subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) often remains a concern.

Aim

To assess the yield of computed tomography (CT) head scan referrals for patients with transient headache symptoms.

Methods

This study looked at 6 months of CT results in order to assess for brain pathology, with a particular focus on subarachnoid haemorrhage. Where any pathology was identified, detailed chart review looked for potential high‐risk indicators.

Results

Between January and July 2015, 531 undifferentiated headache patients were referred for head CT. Of these, 177 (33.3%) presented with a transient or episodic pattern. None of these cases had SAH on imaging nor re‐presented with SAH within 3 months of initial CT. However, 7.3% (13/177) had other significant intracranial pathologies. The only significant risk factor for CT abnormality in this setting was focal neurology on presentation (odds ratio 3.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–11.0); P = 0.044). All identified cases of SAH over the 6‐month study period occurred in patients with persistent headache, and their clinical presentations showed a similar cluster of symptoms to previous literature (including thunderclap headache, vomiting and loss of consciousness).

Conclusion

This study suggests that patients with transient headache are at a low risk of SAH; however, further study is needed to quantify this, and other serious pathologies remains a concern, especially in the setting of focal neurology at presentation.
Recording patient bodyweight in hospitals: are we doing well enough?
Authors: Flentje Kate M. , Knight Colin L. , Stromfeldt Ingrid , Chakrabarti Anindita , Friedman N. Deborah
Published: June 2017

Recording patient weight is a standard practice for all hospital admissions, with this measurement influencing other daily practices that rely on the delivery of safe and effective patient care. Patient weight is important in the areas of medication prescribing, fluid balance and assessment of nutrition. In particular, prescribing narrow therapeutic index medications may result in significant harm as a potential consequence of inaccurate dosing. Despite its importance, it is evident that bodyweight measurements are recorded in only 13.5–55% of hospital patients, in a variety of settings including the emergency department, intensive care unit, medical and surgical wards. Barriers to compliance of healthcare staff include additional workload, patient handling and availability of appropriate weighing equipment. Hospitals and patients would benefit from enhancing compliance with the systematic weighing of patients, staff training and removing barriers to performing this task.
Female‐specific association of NOS1 genotype with white matter microstructure in ADHD patients and controls
Authors: van Ewijk Hanneke , Bralten Janita , van Duin Esther D.A. , Hakobjan Marina , Buitelaar Jan K. , Heslenfeld Dirk J. , Hoekstra Pieter J. , Hartman Catharina , Hoogman Martine , Oosterlaan Jaap , Franke Barbara
Published: June 2017

Background

The nitric oxide synthase gene (NOS1) exon 1f (ex1f) VNTR is a known genetic risk factor for Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), particularly in females. NOS1 plays an important role in neurite outgrowth and may thus influence brain development, specifically white matter (WM) microstructure, which is known to be altered in ADHD. The current study aimed to investigate whether NOS1 is associated with WM microstructure in (female) individuals with and without ADHD.

Methods

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) scans were collected from 187 participants with ADHD (33% female) and 103 controls (50% female), aged 8–26 years, and NOS1‐ex1f VNTR genotype was determined. Whole‐brain analyses were conducted for fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) to examine associations between NOS1 and WM microstructure, including possible interactions with gender and diagnosis.

Results

Consistent with previous literature, NOS1‐ex1f was associated with total ADHD and hyperactivity‐impulsivity symptoms, but not inattention; this effect was independent of gender. NOS1‐ex1f was also associated with MD values in several major WM tracts in females, but not males. In females, homozygosity for the short allele was linked to higher MD values than carriership of the long allele. MD values in these regions did not correlate with ADHD symptoms. Results were similar for participants with and without ADHD.

Conclusions

NOS1‐ex1f VNTR is associated with WM microstructure in females in a large sample of participants with ADHD and healthy controls. Whether this association is part of a neurodevelopmental pathway from NOS1 to ADHD symptoms should be further investigated in future studies.