bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engineering Amorphous–Crystallized Interface of ZrNx Barriers for Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xiao Mengqi , Yuan Guizhou , Lu Ziheng , Xia Jing , Li Dong , Chen Ying , Zhang Ying , Pei Fengtao , Chen Changli , Bai Yang , Song Tinglu , Dou Jie , Li Yujing , Chen Yihua , Xu Zipeng , Yang Xiaoyan , Liu Zelong , Liu Xingyu , Zhu Cheng , Chen Qi
Published: April 2023

It is challenging to achieve long‐term stability of perovskite solar cells due to the corrosion and diffusion of metal electrodes. Integration of compact barriers into devices has been recognized as an effective strategy to protect the perovskite absorber and electrode. However, the difficulty is to construct a thin layer of a few nanometers that can delay ion migration and impede chemical reactions simultaneously, in which the delicate microstructure design of a stable material plays an important role. Herein, ZrNx barrier films with high amorphization are introduced in p–i–n perovskite solar cells. To quantify the amorphous–crystalline (a–c) density, pattern recognition techniques are employed. It is found the decreasing a–c interface in an amorphous film leads to dense atom arrangement and uniform distribution of chemical potential, which retards the interdiffusion at the interface between ions and metal atoms and protect the electrodes from corrosion. The resultant solar cells exhibit improved operational stability, which retains 88% of initial efficiency after continuous maximum power point tracking under 1‐Sun illumination at room temperature (25 °C) for 1500 h.
Active Materials for Functional Origami
Authors: Leanza Sophie , Wu Shuai , Sun Xiaohao , Qi H. Jerry , Zhao Ruike Renee
Published: April 2023

In recent decades, origami has been explored to aid in the design of engineering structures. These structures span multiple scales and have been demonstrated to be used toward various areas such as aerospace, metamaterial, biomedical, robotics, and architectural applications. Conventionally, origami or deployable structures have been actuated by hands, motors, or pneumatic actuators, which can result in heavy or bulky structures. On the other hand, active materials, which reconfigure in response to external stimulus, eliminate the need for external mechanical loads and bulky actuation systems. Thus, in recent years, active materials incorporated with deployable structures have shown promise for remote actuation of light weight, programmable origami. In this review, active materials such as shape memory polymers (SMPs) and alloys (SMAs), hydrogels, liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), magnetic soft materials (MSMs), and covalent adaptable network (CAN) polymers, their actuation mechanisms, as well as how they have been utilized for active origami and where these structures are applicable is discussed. Additionally, the state‐of‐the‐art fabrication methods to construct active origami are highlighted. The existing structural modeling strategies for origami, the constitutive models used to describe active materials, and the largest challenges and future directions for active origami research are summarized.
Highest‐Efficiency Flexible Perovskite Solar Module by Interface Engineering for Efficient Charge‐Transfer
Authors: Yang Dong , Yang Ruixia , Zhang Cong , Ye Tao , Wang Kai , Hou Yuchen , Zheng Luyao , Priya Shashank , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: April 2023

The electron‐transport layer (ETL) plays an important role in improving the performance of flexible perovskite solar cells (F‐PSCs). Herein, a room‐temperature‐processed SnO2:OH ETL is demonstrated, that exhibits reduced defect density, in particular lower oxygen vacancy concentration, with better energy band alignment and more wettable surface for quality perovskite deposition. More importantly, an efficient electron‐transfer channel is produced between the ETL and the perovskite layer due to the formation of hydrogen bonds at the interface, resulting in enhanced electron extraction from the perovskite. As a result, the efficiency of a large‐area (36.50 cm2) flexible perovskite solar module based on MAPbI3 is increased to as high as 18.71%; this is thought to be the highest reported PCE value for flexible perovskite solar modules to date. In addition, it exhibits high durability while maintaining over 83% of its initial PCE after flexing test cycles. Further, F‐PSCs with SnO2:OH show remarkably long‐term stability, owing to a high quality of the perovskite film and a strong coupling between the SnO2:OH and perovskite layer caused by hydrogen bonds, which successfully inhibits moisture permeation.
Laser Shock Introduced Strain and Plasmonic Nanogap Engineered Large‐Scale High‐Performance Monolayer 2D Material Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Huang Zheng , Xu Shuoheng , Zhang Zequn , Wang Zifeng , Hu Yaowu
Published: April 2023

The poor light absorption and limited bandgap of monolayer 2D materials limit the overall performance of optoelectronic devices. In order to overcome these limitations, a method of laser shock induced chemical vapor deposition (CVD)grown 2D material straining and nanogap‐plasmonic enhancing is proposed. The tensile strain and plasmonic nanogaps are further adjusted by the collaborative deformation of nanoparticles and 2D materials induced by laser shock; thus, optimizing the performance of CVD‐grown 2D optoelectronic devices. After laser shock, the response speed of the device decreases by two orders of magnitude due to the field effect mobility increasing from 2.4 to 75.8 cm2 V−1 s−1. Due to the narrower plasmonic nanogap and the adjustment of band structure, the signal‐to‐noise ratio of monolayer molybdenumMoS2 optoelectronic devices is increased by 570%, the responsivity is increased by 67 times, and the spectral response range is extended to 720 nm. This large‐scale and ultra‐fast opto‐mechanical nanomanufacturing method provides a universal strategy for large‐scale adjustment of nanogap and 2D material strain, and also, a new avenue and approach for building high performance 2D optoelectronic devices.
Orthogonal‐Stacking Integration of Highly Conductive Silicide Nanowire Network as Flexible and Transparent Thin Films
Authors: Yuan Rongrong , Qian Wentao , Zhang Ying , Liu Zongguang , Wang Junzhuan , Xu Jun , Chen Kunji , Yu Linwei
Published: April 2023

Flexible and transparent conductive (FTC) thin films are indispensable elements in building high‐performance flexible or soft electronics and displays. Slim inorganic nanowires (NWs), with excellent conductivity and durability, are ideal one‐dimensional ingredients to weave a quasi‐continuous FTC network. However, a precise spatial arrangement of these ultrathin NWs, to form an optimal interconnected network, represents still a difficult challenge. In this work, a catalytic growth of orderly SiNW arrays, via an in‐plane solid‐liquid‐solid mechanism, and an orthogonal‐stacking integration of the SiNWs into a 2‐layer cross‐linked network, followed by a direct alloy formation and soldering of highly conductive SiNi alloy NWs upon a flexible polyimide polymer, is demonstrated. It is also shown that the flexibility of the SiNi FTC network can be significantly enhanced with an elastic spring design of the silicide NW channels, leading to an impressive transmittance of ≈90%, a moderately equivalent sheet resistance of 130 Ω sq−1 and a durable flexibility that can sustain repetitive bending to a 2 mm radius for >1000 cycles. These results highlight the unique capabilities of an optimal spatial arrangement, precise assembly/soldering and elastic geometry design of alloy NWs to enable a new generation of high‐performance FTC thin film material for future flexible electronics, displays, and bio‐interfaced sensors.
Mask‐Based Separator with Sustained‐Release LiNO3 as Dendrite Growth Barrier for Potassium Metal Battery
Authors: Mou Peizhi , Zhang Liyuan , Lu Cheng , Luo Yusheng , Yuan Wenlu , Li Laiping , Chen Yong , Shen Zhen , Xu Jiaxin , Shu Jie
Published: April 2023

Separators with low‐cost, superior mechanical properties, such as nanofiber materials, are considered a viable option for solving the dendritic problem in alkali metal batteries. Consuming the dendrites rather than blocking them underpins the long‐life stable cycle performance of the cell. Herein, a five‐layer structural separator (LiNO3@PVDF@mask) is presented, in which a mask is used as a framework and the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) layer loaded with LiNO3 can generate a passivation layer by reacting with K dendrites. In the case of potassium metal batteries, for example, the LiNO3@PVDF@mask separator has excellent mechanical properties that can effectively cope with the hazards caused by the K dendrite. In addition, sustained‐release LiNO3 can react with penetrated K dendrites to form inactive substances like KNO3 and K2O, blocking further dendrite growth. Importantly, the LiNO3@PVDF@mask separator uses a low‐cost abundant mask and possesses excellent wettability of electrolyte with a reduced amount of liquid electrolyte, enabling one to further iron out cost problems. This study opens up a new direction for research and contributes to practical applications of flexible devices for rechargeable alkaline metal batteries.
Core‐Shell‐Type All‐Inorganic Heterometallic Nanoclusters: Record High‐Nuclearity Cobalt Polyoxoniobates for Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Guo Zheng‐Wei , Lin Ling‐Hui , Ye Jian‐Ping , Chen Yi , Li Xin‐Xiong , Lin Sen , Huang Jian‐Dong , Zheng Shou‐Tian
Published: April 2023

Only rarely have polyoxometalates been found to form core–shell nanoclusters. Here, we succeeded in isolating a series of rare giant and all‐inorganic core–shell cobalt polyoxoniobates (Co−PONbs) with diverse shapes, nuclearities and original topologies, including 50‐nuclearity {Co12Nb38O132}, 54‐nuclearity {Co20Nb34O128}, 62‐nuclearity {Co26Nb36O140} and 87‐nuclearity {Co33Nb54O188}. They are the largest Co−PONbs and also the polyoxometalates containing the greatest number of Co ions and the largest cobalt clusters known thus far. These molecular Co−PONbs have intriguing and atomically precise core–shell architectures comprising unique cobalt oxide cores and niobate oxide shells. In particular, the encapsulated cobalt oxide cores with different nuclearities have identical compositions, structures and mixed‐valence Co3+/Co2+ states as the different sized Co−O moieties of the bulk cubic‐spinel Co3O4, suggesting that they can serve as various molecular models of the cubic‐spinel Co3O4. The successful construction of the series of the Co−PONbs reveals a feasible and versatile synthetic method for making rare core–shell heterometallic PONbs. Further, these new‐type core–shell bimetal species are promising cluster molecular catalysts for visible‐light‐driven CO2 reduction.
Mechanochemical synthesis and antiproliferative activity of novel ferrocene quinoline/quinolone hybrids
Authors: Maračić Silvija , Jakopec Silvio , Piškor Martina , Leventić Marijana , Lapić Jasmina , Djaković Senka , Cetina Mario , Glavaš‐Obrovac Ljubica , Raić‐Malić Silvana
Published: April 2023

The synthesis of novel 1,1′‐disubstituted ferrocene conjugates appended with N‐1 and O‐4 alkylated quinolone and quinoline was reported. The target compounds were synthesized employing a liquid‐assisted grinding (LAG) mechanochemical method in copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) to obtain ferrocene−quinoline/quinolone hybrids (5a–5d, 6a–6d, 7a, 7b, 8a, and 8b) in higher yields and shorter reaction time compared to a conventional method, thus proving superiority of mechanochemistry versus conventional synthesis. Bis‐quinoline and bis‐quinolone ferrocene derivatives were evaluated for their antiproliferative effects on five selected tumor and two non‐tumor cell lines. Bis‐6‐methylquinolone–ferrocene conjugate 8b showed the best antiproliferative effect on T‐cell lymphoma (HuT78) cells (IC50 = 14.8 μM) and no cytotoxicity on both non‐tumor MDCK1 and BJ cells. Results obtained after mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) measurement using flow cytometry showed that compound 8b caused accumulation of HuT78 cells in subG0/G1 phase, disturbance of mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis. The structure of the quinolone and ferrocene hybrid 8b can be further optimized to obtain candidates with better inhibitory effects on HuT78 cells.
Aortic branches and rete mirabile of the limbs of two‐toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus)
Authors: Fernandes Natacha Cintia Ferreira , Branco Érika , Freire Elisa Carla Barra , de Sousa Nogueira Lima André Luis , Giese Elane Guerreiro , Mesquita Ellen Yasmin Eguchi , de Lima Ana Rita
Published: April 2023

Choloepus didactylus has reduced metabolism and difficulty in thermoregulation owing to its low body mass, and there are few studies related to the vascularization of abdominal and thoracic organs in this species. Therefore, we macroscopically described the arteries that comprise the aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta. Six specimens were used, and their arterial systems filled with red latex before fixation in 10% formaldehyde, and fragments of the rete mirabile were processed for histological analysis using light and scanning electron microscopy. In these species, the aortic arch had two branches: the brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery. The initial portion of the abdominal aorta presented four different ramifications, besides to the peculiarities of the adrenal, renal, and iliac arteries. Microscopy of the rete mirabile revealed a muscular artery surrounded by smaller muscular arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphatic tissue joined by connective tissue. Thus, the data obtained have clinical and surgical importance, with applicability in procedures involving vascularization of the thoracic and abdominal organs. We suggest that the rete mirabile is an efficient thermoregulatory structure because it allows the accumulation of blood and the countercurrent heat exchange, as there is no blood mixing.
Physical symptom burden in patients with desmoid‐type fibromatosis and its impact on health‐related quality of life and healthcare use
Authors: Schut Anne‐Rose W. , de Bruin Leanne E. , de Rooij Belle H. , Lidington Emma , Timbergen Milea J. M. , van der Graaf Winette T. A. , van Houdt Winan J. , Bonenkamp Johannes J. , Jones Robin L. , Grünhagen Dirk. J. , Sleijfer Stefan , Gennatas Spyridon , Verhoef Cornelis , Husson Olga
Published: April 2023

Background

Desmoid‐type fibromatosis (DTF) has a highly variable clinical course with varying intensity of symptoms. The objectives of this study were to identify subgroups of DTF patients based on physical symptom burden and to compare symptom burden subgroups on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and healthcare use (univariate and multivariate).

Methods

Desmoid‐type fibromatosis patients from the United Kingdom and the Netherlands received cross‐sectional questionnaires on HRQoL (EORTC QLQ‐C30), DTF‐specific HRQoL (DTF‐QoL) and healthcare utilisation. Latent class cluster analysis was performed to identify subgroups based on patients' symptom burden using EORTC QLQ‐C30 and DTF‐QoL physical symptom items. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine associations of symptom burden with HRQoL and healthcare utilisation, respectively.

Results

Among 235 DTF patients, four symptom burden clusters were identified, with low symptom burden (24%), intermediate symptom burden‐low pain (20%), intermediate symptom burden‐high pain (25%) and high symptom burden (31%). DTF patients with high symptom burden had clinically relevant lower HRQoL scores compared to patients with low and intermediate symptom burden (p < 0.001) and reported more general and DTF‐related visits to their general practitioner compared to the low symptom burden cluster (p < 0.01). In the multivariate analyses, symptom burden was independently associated with both HRQoL and healthcare utilisation.

Conclusions

This study identified four distinct subgroups of DTF patients based on their level of symptom burden, with a considerable number of patients being highly symptomatic. Knowledge of the level of symptom burden DTF patients experience can help to identify patients at risk of poorer outcomes and tailor supportive care to the individual needs of DTF patients.
Comparative evaluation of deep dense sequential and deep dense transfer learning models for suicidal emotion prediction
Authors: Sharma Akshita , Kaushik Baijnath , Chadha Akshma , Sharma Reya
Published: April 2023

In today's world, there is a lot of anxiety about suicidal thoughts that is conveyed on social media platforms, and people are now sharing all kinds of feelings on social media forums. The majority of them utilize social forums because they feel uncomfortable sharing privately. The study's objective is to analyze suicidal thoughts and identify them at an early stage by utilizing deep learning and transfer learning techniques. These algorithms are used to data gathered from users of Reddit forums who have suicidal thoughts as well as regular users who have non‐suicidal thoughts. For the aforementioned goal, we use techniques such as the transfer learning algorithms BERT, RoBERTa, and ALBERT, as well as BiLSTM and other deep learning algorithms. In contrast to the sequence processing model, our study demonstrates that the bidirectional long‐short term algorithm provides the best validation accuracy, while the pretrained models BERT and ALBERT also provide satisfactory accuracy.
Confluence morphodynamics in mountain rivers in response to intense tributary bedload input
Authors: St. Pierre Ostrander Théo , Holzner Johannes , Mazzorana Bruno , Gorfer Maria , Andreoli Andrea , Comiti Francesco , Gems Bernhard
Published: April 2023

Coarse sediment transported by steep mountain tributaries during channelized flash flood events with intense bed load transport poses a significant threat to life, property, and infrastructure. Intense bedload transport occurring in tributary channels and insufficient transport capacity of the main channel flow can provoke flooding at the confluence. Deposition in the confluence can lead to overbank flooding and sedimentation into adjacent settlement areas. Extensive research has been carried out investigating lowland river confluences, where it has been determined that the confluence angle and discharge ratio have the most significant influence on channel morphology and hydraulics. However, there is a lack of information concerning confluences with low width and discharge ratios, high sediment concentrations, and gradients, typically found in steep mountain channels. This study presents results from large‐scale laboratory experiments coupled with numerical modelling with a standardized river confluence geometry. Bedload transport capacities, the shape, and volume of the deposition zone in the confluence, bedload dispersion characteristics, hydraulic and morphological dynamics, and spatial boundaries were analysed for various discharges and sediment concentrations. The confluence angle was 90°, sediment concentration was 5%, 7.5%, and 10%, and the discharge ratio was 0.1. The model was designed to accommodate scale factors of 20–40. With this configuration, a set of experiments based on steady‐state hydraulic conditions was accomplished. Results show that when the discharge ratio and confluence angle are constant, different morphologies occur, indicating that in addition to the confluence angle and the discharge ratio, the sediment concentration, flow velocity, and unit stream power significantly impact both hydraulic and morphologic zones in the confluences of mountain rivers. Additionally, backwater effects upstream of the confluence, and sedimentation in the tributary channel increases with increasing sediment concentration, which not only influences confluence morphodynamics and hydraulics but also the potential for overbanking of both channels.
Prevalence and factors associated with disrespect and abuse among women who delivered in a University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Ezeanochie Michael C. , Yamah Ofure E.
Published: April 2023

Objective

To determine the prevalence and factors associated with disrespect and abuse during childbirth among women who delivered in a University Teaching Hospital using a validated tool.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Participants included women who presented for the 6‐week postnatal visit. The primary outcome was the experience of disrespect and abuse by the women in any of the thematic domains in the tool, namely friendly care, abuse‐free care, timely care, discrimination‐free care, abandonment, and non‐consented care.

Results

In all, 200 participants were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of disrespect and abuse among the study population was 36.5%. Verbal abuse and untimely care were the commonest (15.5%). Nurses were mostly the perpetrators of disrespect and abuse. Maternal age, parity, and marital status among others were not significantly predictive of disrespect and abuse by respondents.

Conclusion

Disrespect and abuse from health workers during childbirth is a prevalent problem among women who delivered in the hospital. This undesirable experience of childbirth needs to be addressed by stakeholders in maternal health.
The associations between sport‐ and physical activity‐related concussions and suicidality, suicide capability, and hopelessness among high school adolescents
Authors: Bailey Alexis L. , Capron Daniel W. , Buerke Morgan L. , Bauer Brian W.
Published: April 2023

Background

Concussions are associated with a variety of physical, cognitive, and mental health impairments. If sustained during adolescence, a time when the brain is undergoing development, the risk of long‐term impairments becomes heightened. This is a notable subject for investigation as many concussions are sustained among adolescents during high school sports and other physical activities.

Methods

We used data from the 2019 United States Youth Risk Behavior Survey to investigate the association between concussions and suicidality (i.e., suicide ideation, planning, and attempts), suicide capability (i.e., physical fighting and weapon carrying), and hopelessness, a risk factor for suicide. We utilized a cross‐sectional design and used multivariate regression models and t tests for analysis.

Results

Participants were 1754 adolescent students who sustained a concussion during the prior year (54.61% male; M age = 15.94) and 9795 adolescent students who did not sustain a concussion during the prior year (47.27% male; M age = 15.95). Females were less likely (13.23%) than males (17.12%) to report at least one concussion in the past 12 months. Both male and female students who had experienced a concussion were more likely to report physical fighting, weapon carrying, and hopelessness. Male students with a concussion history were also more likely to report suicide attempts than male students without a concussion history.

Conclusion

Findings indicate that concussions are associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts, suicide capability, and hopelessness among male adolescents and suicide capability and hopelessness among female adolescents. They further suggest a need for additional mental health support and safety policies for student‐athletes and other at‐risk adolescents.
Nitazoxanide and azithromycin for the early treatment of COVID‐19: A multi‐spectroscopic, biochemical and computational drug–drug interaction study
Authors: Ali Syed Abid , Abid Muhammad , Ahmed Ayaz , Wadood Abdul , Ahmed Shakil
Published: April 2023

Herein, we present an experimental and theoretical drug–drug interaction study between nitazoxanide (NTZ) and azithromycin (AZT) in an aqueous solution. Interaction was studied by using UV/Vis, fluorescence, attenuated total reflectance‐fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, while molecular docking studies were performed to establish the interaction computationally. A bright yellow color was observed when the two drugs interacted, giving a hyperchromic band at 420 nm. The rate of absorbance was linearly increased by increasing drug concentrations and in a time‐dependent manner. Stability of the interaction complex (i.e., NTZ: AZT) was measured at variable temperatures (25–80°C), pH (5.0–10.0) and ionic strength (0.05–2.0 M NaCl), and not only proved stable but also retained antimicrobial potential with reduced cellular toxicity. Mole ratio and Job's method of continuous variations were used to establish the binding stoichiometry and found to be 2:1. The calculated binding constant (kb = 8,400 M−1) and Gibb's free energy (ΔG° = −22.4 KJ/mol) also suggested an energetically favorable interaction. FTIR spectra of NTZ: AZT complex in comparison with two drugs alone revealed significant interaction which was nicely complemented by molecular docking studies. Interaction was also successfully demonstrated in presence of carrier protein HSA and by spiking the two drugs in real samples of human plasma and urine.
LncRNA HOTAIRM1 promotes dental follicle stem cell‐mediated bone regeneration by regulating HIF‐1α/KDM6/EZH2/H3K27me3 axis
Authors: Chen Zhengyuan , Gan Liyi , Chen Xin , Zheng Jinxuan , Shi Songtao , Wu Liping , Cao Yang
Published: April 2023

Large bone defect reconstruction undergoes hypoxia and remains a major practical challenge. Bone tissue engineering with a more promising stem cell source facilitates the development of better therapeutic outcomes. Human dental follicle stem cells (hDFSCs) with superior multipotency, osteogenic capacity, and accessibility have been proven a promising cell source for bone regeneration. We previously identified a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), HOTAIRM1, to be highly expressed in hDFSCs. Here we found that HOTAIRM1 overexpressed hDFSCs promoted bone regeneration in rat critical‐size calvarial defect model. Mechanically, HOTAIRM1 was induced in hDFSCs under hypoxic conditions and activated HIF‐1α. RNA‐sequencing analysis indicated that HOTAIRM1 upregulated oxygen‐sensing histone demethylases KDM6A/B and suppressed methyltransferase EZH2 via targeting HIF‐1α. The osteogenic differentiation of hDFSCs was accompanied with demethylation of H3K27, and HOTAIRM1 overexpression decreased the distribution of H3K27me3 in osteogenic genes, including ALP, M‐CSF, Wnt‐3a, Wnt‐5a, Wnt‐7a, and β‐catenin, thus promoted their transcription. Our study provided evidence that HOTAIRM1 upregulated KDM6A/B and inhibited EZH2 in a HIF‐1α dependent manner to enhance the osteogenesis of hDFSCs. HOTAIRM1‐mediated hDFSCs may serve as a promising therapeutic approach to promote bone regeneration in clinical practice.
Large‐scale time‐lapse scanning electron microscopy image mosaic using a smooth stitching strategy
Authors: Zhao Binglu , Zhang Kaidi , Liu Peng , Chen Yuhang
Published: April 2023

Due to the trade‐off between the field of view and resolution of various microscopes, obtaining a wide‐view panoramic image through high‐resolution image tiles is frequently encountered and demanded in numerous applications. Here, we propose an automatic image mosaic strategy for sequential 2D time‐lapse scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. This method can accurately compute pairwise translations among serial image tiles with indeterminate overlapping areas. The detection and matching of feature points are limited by geographical coordinates, thus avoiding accidental mismatching. Moreover, the nonlinear deformation of the mosaic part is also taken into account. A smooth stitching field is utilized to gradually transform the perspective transformation in overlapping regions into the linear transformation in non‐overlapping regions. Experimental results demonstrate that better image stitching accuracy can be achieved compared with some other image mosaic algorithms. Such a method has potential applications in high‐resolution large‐area analysis using serial microscopy images.

Research Highlights

An automatic image mosaic strategy for processing sequential scanning electron microscopy images is proposed.

A smooth stitching field is applied in the image mosaic.

Improved stitching accuracy is achieved compared with other conventional mosaic methods.
Effect of theaflavins on the quality of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) during refrigerated storage
Authors: Mao Jun‐long , Fu Jing‐jing , Qi Xue‐er , Chen Yue‐wen , Zhang Bin
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is an economical marine fish consumed in China. Theaflavins have antibacterial and antioxidant properties. However, there is a lack of research into their application in large yellow croakers during refrigerated storage. This study investigated the effect of theaflavins on the quality of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) during 12 days of storage at 4 °C.

RESULTS

The results showed that theaflavin treatment was able to inhibit microbial growth and reduce the production of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N). Meanwhile, theaflavins were beneficial in reducing the unfolding of myofibrillar proteins, decreasing the degree of protein aggregation, and improving the stability of protein structure. The degree of protein oxidation was lower in a theaflavin‐treated group compared with an untreated group. Theaflavin treatment effectively inhibited increases in acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), and malonaldehyde (MDA) content. The effect of theaflavin was positively correlated with an increase in concentration under refrigeration conditions. This study therefore suggests that the use of theaflavins is a viable method for extending the period for which refrigerated large yellow croaker can be preserved.

CONCLUSIONS

Adding theaflavins to large yellow croaker can be an effective method for preserving quality during refrigerated storage. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
High‐resolution active‐matrix micro‐LED stretchable displays
Authors: Jung Haeyoon , Park Chan Il , Gee Moon Bae , Choi Jaekyung , Jeong Yu Ra , Min Sung Joon , Song Jun Hyuk , Lim Myung Sub , Kim Myungsung , Kim Taehyun , Ham Sujin , Lee Hyokang , Kim Heewon , Jeong In Tae , Kim Gi‐Hong , Yang Joon‐Young , Yoon Sooyoung
Published: April 2023

This paper describes the development of 12‐in. 100 PPI active‐matrix micro‐LED stretchable displays, capable of being stretched up to 20%. Our work has involved the development of key technologies such as stretchable interconnects, stretchable films, and micro‐LEDs and the integration process for these components. The stretchable displays exhibited various types of deformations, suggesting the potential for new applications in information display.
The Effect of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Collagen Incorporated with Exo‐Polysaccharides Derived from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa sp. on Burn Healing
Authors: Ghadimi Tayyeb , Naderi Gharahgheshlagh Soheila , Latifi Noorahmad , Hivechi Ahmad , Hosseinpour Sarmadi Vahid , Farokh Forghani Siamak , Amini Naser , B. Milan Peiman , Latifi Fatemeh , Hamidi Masoud , Larijani Ghazaleh , Haramshahi Seyed Mohammad Amin , Abdollahi Motahareh , Ghadimi Fatemeh , Nezari Saeed
Published: April 2023

Burn is one of the physically debilitating injuries that can be potentially fatal; therefore, providing appropriate coverage in order to reduce possible mortality risk and accelerate wound healing is mandatory. In this study, collagen/exo‐polysaccharide (Col/EPS 1–3%) scaffolds are synthesized from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) skins incorporated with Rhodotorula mucilaginosa sp. GUMS16, respectively, for promoting Grade 3 burn wound healing. Physicochemical characterizations and, consequently, biological properties of the Col/EPS scaffolds are tested. The results show that the presence of EPS does not affect the minimum porosity dimensions, while raising the EPS amount significantly reduces the maximum porosity dimensions. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), FTIR, and tensile property results confirm the successful incorporation of the EPS into Col scaffolds. Furthermore,the biological results show that the increasing EPS does not affect Col biodegradability and cell viability, and the use of Col/EPS 1% on rat models displays a faster healing rate. Finally, histopathological examination reveals that the Col/EPS 1% treatment accelerates wound healing, through greater re‐epithelialization and dermal remodeling, more abundant fibroblast cells and Col accumulation. These findings suggest that Col/EPS 1% promotes dermal wound healing via antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities, which can be a potential medical process in the treatment of burn wounds.
Synthesis and Structure‐Driven Acid‐Catalyzed Degradation of Benzoic Cyclic Acetal‐Labeled PEG Precursors toward Shell‐Sheddable PLA Block Copolymer Synthesis
Authors: Bawa Kamaljeet Kaur , Shetty Chaitra , Arezi Newsha , Oh Jung Kwon
Published: April 2023

The synthesis of acid‐degradable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) precursors labeled with benzoic cyclic acetal (BzCA) is reported. To get an insight into their acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis, three precursors are designed with spacers exhibiting different inductive effects between PEG and BzCA linkage. The 1H‐NMR analysis confirms the order of increasing acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis to be ether > ester oxygen > ester carbonyl, which can be attributed to their ability to stabilize benzylic carbocation intermediates formed during hydrolysis. The formed precursors tend to be stable under a tin‐catalyzed condition for ring opening polymerization of lactide (LA), thus enabling the synthesis of well‐controlled acid‐degradable PEG‐based PLA block copolymers labeled with BzCA linkage at the block junction. When being exposed to acidic pH, the copolymers degrade through the cleavage of the junction BzCA linkages. These results guide the design principle of acid‐degradable shell‐sheddable BzCA‐bearing block copolymers for control over their acid‐catalyzed degradation and potentially drug release kinetics.
A dual‐band dual‐polarized shared‐aperture SIW slot antenna array with beam scanning
Authors: Wei Jiamin , Yang Xue‐Xia , Lou Tian , Cao Qi‐Dong
Published: April 2023

This letter proposes a low‐profile dual‐band dual‐polarized (DBDP) substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) slot antenna array with beam scanning. By stacking the SIW transverse slot array (TSA) above the longitudinal slot array (LSA) in one aperture, two orthogonal polarizations are generated at two bands. To avoid the radiation slots of the LSA and the TSA from overlapping, the LSA is developed based on the proposed LSA unit whose collinear‐slot arrangement is realized by introducing metallized vias. Two planar parabolic reflectors based linear source generators (LSGs) are integrated to feed the shared‐aperture radiation array. By moving two independent SIW horns, the proposed antenna can obtain the steering angles of ±34° and ±27° at the central frequencies of 11.2 and 13 GHz, respectively. Two beams with orthogonal polarizations scan in the same plane. The simulated results have been validated by the experimental ones. The proposed antenna has low profile and is a potential candidate for satellite and wireless communications.
Placement of virtual network functions for network services
Authors: Umrao Brajesh Kumar , Yadav Dharmendra Kumar
Published: April 2023

Network function virtualization (NFV) is a name of technology for replacing hardware‐based network functions with software programs. Virtual network function (VNF) is a software program that replaces the hardware‐based network functionality. The replacement of the hardware‐based network functions (middleboxes) with software programs promises the on‐demand provisioning of network functions and reduces capital and operational expenses of the network. Due to this replaced network can adapt to the different network functions. Network service providers deploy various network services with different objectives, such as reducing the network's active servers and traffic latency or network operational expenses. In this article, a VNF placement problem is studied to optimize the total operating costs of the networks. To solve the VNF placement problem, we proposed an integer linear program (ILP) model, which has been implemented using CPLEX. Although an ILP‐based approach gives an optimal solution, it takes a long execution time to find the solution. Due to the long execution time, the ILP‐based approach is not suitable for the real‐time VNF placement problem. To address this challenge, we proposed a heuristic based on dynamic programming that performs better than the existing approaches. The simulation results of the proposed solution using real‐world topologies show that the heuristic approach finds a feasible solution that is only 1 to 1.34 times far from the optimal one. Moreover, experimental results show that the proposed heuristic is 15 to 423 times faster than the ILP.
Nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management: Cross‐sectional survey in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsalman Aminah , Mansour Mansour , Almobarak Fhaied
Published: April 2023

Aim

This study aims to investigate the nursing staff's knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

Design

A quantitative descriptive cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

Between January and March of 2020, 183 registered nurses from two hospitals in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia completed the Nurses' Knowledge and Attitude Survey Regarding Pain. We determined the average mean score for both the individual and the aggregate scores and the t‐test.

Results

The nurses had an inadequate level of knowledge and attitudes regarding pain based on the average mean score for this factor. There was a statistically significant correlation between length of time spent working as a registered nurse and the nurses' reported scores on tests measuring their knowledge and attitude toward pain.
The challenges of change processes for nurse leaders—a qualitative study of long‐term leaders' experiences over 25 years
Authors: Frilund Marianne , Fagerstrøm Lisbeth , Vasset Frøydis
Published: April 2023

Aim

This study aimed to map what experiences nurse leaders have encountered concerning the change work that political decisions and reforms have created within the healthcare sector in the last 25 years.

Design

A qualitative design with a narrative approach was used.

Methods

A qualitative study involved individual interviews of eight nurse managers from Norway and Finland with more than 25 years of experience working in specialist and primary healthcare fields.

Results

Two main categories were observed: experiences of organizational challenges and experiences of personnel‐administrative challenges. The first main category included two subcategories: A: historical experience with culture and challenges in health services and B: historical experience with mergers and using welfare technology in health services. The second category included the following subcategories: A: historical experience of job satisfaction for leaders and employees and B experiences with interprofessional collaboration in health services.
Nursing undergraduates' media competence in the context of health communication and its relationship to professionalism
Authors: Sun Huiping , Xue Mengxin , Qian Lin , Zhou Ting , Jiling Qu , Zhou Jingxin , Junchao Qu , Siqi Ji , Yuan Bu , Yicheng Hu , Shaung Wu , Chen Yuhui , You Jiachun , Liu Yongbing
Published: April 2023

Aims

To investigate the association between professionalism and social media competence among Chinese mainland nursing undergraduates.

Design

This study employed a cross‐sectional descriptive correlation design.

Participants

From June to July 2021, 797 nursing students from four nursing colleges in Jiangsu Province, China, were chosen using stratified cluster sampling.

Methods

The questionnaire included the Chinese version of the Nursing Professionalism Scale and the Social Media Competency Scale. The association between professionalism and social media competency was examined using Pearson's correlation analysis.

Results

The professionalism of nursing undergraduates (average scores:70.44 ± 8.82) was at a medium level. Social media self‐efficacy, performance expectancy, facilitating conditions and social influence (3.76 ± 0.75, 3.87 ± 0.60, 3.53 ± 0.69, 3.41 ± 0.76) were at a medium–high level, while social media experience and effort expectancy (3.03 ± 0.72, 2.60 ± 0.59) were at medium and low levels. Among nursing undergraduates, professionalism was related to social media competence, among which, professionalism was positively correlated with social media self‐efficacy (r = 0.40, p < 0.01), social media experience (r = 0.50, p < 0.01), performance expectancy (r = 0.34, p < 0.01), facilitating conditions (r = 0.41, p < 0.01), but negatively correlated with effort expectancy (r = −0.10, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

The professionalism of nursing undergraduates is related to social media. The scores of social media self‐efficacy, social media experience, performance expectancy and facilitating conditions of nursing students with high professionalism were higher than those of nursing students with low professionalism.

Impact

This study suggests that developing a course on health communication on social media can help nursing students improve their professionalism.

Patient or Public Contribution

Participants completed a survey via the online survey platform Wenjuangxing.
The quality of long‐term counselling for percutaneous coronary intervention patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lahtinen Minna , Kaakinen Pirjo , Oikarinen Anne , Kääriäinen Maria
Published: April 2023

Aim

To compare the long‐term counselling quality among the patients visited and not visited at cardiac nurse after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and related factors one to two years after PCI.

Design

An explorative, register‐based cross‐sectional study.

Methodology methods

A sample was drawn from the one university hospital's procedure register consisted of the patients undergone a PCI (n = 977). The data was collected by Counselling Quality Instrument (CQI) questionnaire by mail, and analysed by basic and multivariate methods.

Findings results

Of the respondents (n = 459), less than half the patients (48.4%) visited at cardiac nurse one to two years after PCI as instructed in the national current care guidelines. Patients, who visited the nurse (n = 194) had higher satisfaction for counselling than the ones not visited (n = 70). Nevertheless, patients, especially those who had no dyslipidemia, had Unstable Angina Pectoris or Non‐ST‐elevated myocardial infarction or were out of the workforce, were unsatisfied with counselling, and needed more social support, patient‐centred counselling and goal orientating implementation from the cardiac nurse. A half of the PCI patients (51.6%) did not visit the cardiac nurse at the primary health care.

Patient or public contribution

Cardiac nurses assisted the members of research group by assessing the questionnaire prior sending it to the patients and patients contributed by completing the questionnaires. We thank both parties for their contribution.

Implication for profession and patient care

This study demonstrated, that patients out of the workforce and having emergency PCI are in need for better quality counselling, concentrating on social support, patient‐centred counselling and goal orientating implementation from the cardiac nurse. Those patients, who did not visit the cardiac nurse, should be offered easier access to cardiac nurse for example, by novel digital solutions.
Participatory governance and the capacity to engage: A systems lens
Authors: Vivier Elmé , Sanchez‐Betancourt Diana
Published: April 2023

Effective local participatory governance depends on government responsiveness. Drawing insights from empirical research in a large South African city, we show how inadequate integration of institutional platforms for community participation into the wider participatory system undermines this capacity. While much of the participatory governance literature considers tools, norms and the experiences of citizens, we explore how officials, structures and platforms within the city interact. We apply a systems lens to understand the municipal capacity to engage and respond to citizens and communities. Our analysis demonstrates that officials navigate an institutional system experiencing disconnected municipal structures, engagement practices and platforms. We theorise the government capacity to engage in terms of the personalisation, co‐creation and institutionalisation of responsiveness. This capacity to engage thus requires a systemic capability that acknowledges complexity and nurtures collective learning alongside institutional design strategies that seek to address potential disconnects.
The potential power of “studygram”: Concrete visual representations may increase student motivation, engagement, and enjoyment of routine course assignments
Authors: Lussier Catherine M. , Ditta Annie S. , Speer Annika C.
Published: April 2023

Students are often unmotivated to engage with their online coursework. Research has shown that concretely visualizing one's goals (e.g., photo‐taking) can improve motivation to learn. This study explored the effect of taking a photo of one's study space (i.e., a studygram photo similar to a post on Instagram) on students' motivation to start, engagement with, and enjoyment of routine assignments. In a within‐subjects design, students took a photo of their study space before starting or after completing the assignment or took no photo. Data were collected from six undergraduate courses across three disciplines (Education, Psychology, and Theatre). Results revealed that students in an online Education course completing routine and formulaic assignments were significantly more motivated to start their coursework when they took a photo compared to when they did not. Results were similar for student engagement and enjoyment. Outcomes were replicated in the course's second iteration but were not found in the Psychology or Theatre courses. Differences between the courses' formatting may have lessened the impact of photo‐taking on students' experiences. Together our results suggest that motivation and engagement with routine coursework may be influenced by an easy‐to‐implement visualization intervention under certain circumstances. Potential implications for teaching are reviewed.