bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research and Practice of the Blended Teaching Model of BOPPPS Teaching Method Under the Background of Digital Education: Taking Operations Research Course as an Example
Authors: Wu Yan
Published: July 2024

The rapid development of digital education provides new opportunities and challenges for teaching model innovation. This study aims to explore the application of the BOPPPS (Bridge-in, Objective, Pre-assessment, Participatory learning, Post-assessment, Summary) teaching method in the development of a blended teaching model for the Operations Research course under the background of digital education. In response to the characteristics of the course and the needs of the student group, the teaching design is reconstructed with a student-centered approach, increasing practical teaching links, improving the assessment and evaluation system, and effectively implementing it in conjunction with digital educational technology. This teaching model has shown significant effectiveness in the context of digital education, providing valuable experience and insights for the innovation of the Operations Research course.
Research on the Coupled and Coordinated Development of Tourism and Transport in Chengdu City
Authors: Kang Min , Lv Qiguang
Published: July 2024

Based on a total of 16 indicators selected from the tourism and transport industries, an evaluation index system of the coupling and coordination development level of tourism and transport is constructed. The entropy value method and the coupling coordination degree model are used to conduct an empirical study on the development level and coupling coordination level of the transport and tourism industries in Chengdu City from 2011 to 2020. The results show that, on the whole, the coupling coordination degree of transport and tourism in Chengdu is poor and has been in a state of mild to moderate dysfunction. The development level of tourism lagged behind the development of transport from 2011 to 2012, and the two were in a state of mild dysfunction. However, from 2013 onwards, the development level of tourism was prioritized over the development level of transport. This shift caused the coupling coordination degree of the two industries to decline sharply to 0.23305 in 2013. The development level of the tourism industry increased again, reaching 0.34206 in 2019, which marked an improvement. Consequently, the coordination degree of the transport and tourism industries evolved from moderate dislocation to mild dislocation. Finally, the results of the empirical research are analyzed, and corresponding suggestions are put forward to promote the sustainable growth of the transport and tourism industries in Chengdu City. These suggestions aim to improve the coupled and coordinated development level of the two industries.
Leveraging Zibo Barbecue’s Success to Develop Hebei’s Culinary Brand: A Strategic Path
Authors: E Chengguo , Yang Yang , Mao Ali , Pan Duo
Published: July 2024

In 2023, Zibo barbecue culture exploded across the entire country, allowing people nationwide to experience and enjoy Zibo barbecue. This phenomenon injected new vitality into the economic development of Zibo. To promote the economic development of Hebei Province, this paper fully analyzes the reasons behind the popularity of Zibo barbecue, combines these insights with the characteristics of traditional cuisine in Hebei, and draws lessons from Zibo barbecue’s success as a business card for Zibo. The paper then outlines a strategy for building a culinary business card for Hebei.
Development Strategy of Sichuan Sports Museum under the Background of Cultural and Tourism Integration
Authors: Feng Junxian
Published: July 2024

Through conducting a SWOT analysis of the Chengdu Sports Institute Museum, and utilizing the 4M management, 5W display, and 4P marketing theoretical models, this study explores effective strategies suitable for Sichuan sports museums in terms of functionality, display, and marketing.
ARTICLE A Review and Case Analysis of the Impact of Weather Factors on Public Transportation in Singapore
Authors: Wang Yuqi
Published: July 2024

As one of the most popular modes of public transportation around the world, taxi services often see their effectiveness impeded by weather elements such as rainfall, which makes it difficult for people to get a taxi. Existing literature has examined the relationship between taxi demand and rainfall, revealing a lack of understanding of the connection between rainfall and taxi supply. Moreover, Singapore remains underrepresented in studies on this relationship. This study contributes to the literature by providing nuance to the commonly held belief that rain value is negatively correlated with lower taxi availability. Further research may consider exploring the alternative causes of decreased taxi availability and incorporating private ride-hailing services in their investigations.
Simulation Study on Sea-Rail Intermodal Diversion Operation of Container Terminal in the Beilun Port Area of Ningbo Zhoushan Port
Authors: Fu Xiaoyi
Published: July 2024

With the continuous development of global trade, the Beilun port area of Ningbo Zhoushan Port, as an important node of international shipping, its efficient and orderly container dredging operation is crucial to ensure the overall operational efficiency of the port and the stability of the regional supply chain. However, the actual operation is faced with multiple constraints such as fluctuating berth utilization rate, complex truck scheduling, tight yard space, and so on, which need to be optimized by scientific means. To achieve more efficient container transport, it is necessary to further optimize and improve sea-rail intermodal transport to improve the efficiency of port container operations. Therefore, this paper is based on the background of the rapid development of sea-rail intermodal transport of port containers, focusing on the problem of dredging operation of container terminals in the Beilun port area of Ningbo Zhoushan Port, through the analysis of the characteristics and influencing factors of container dredging operation, research on the optimization of container dredging scheme and put forward optimization scheme for the problem of dredging in Beilun Port Area of Ningbo Zhoushan Port, which is aimed at improving the efficiency and economy of container dredging operation and the efficiency of container dredging operation in Beilun port area through the advanced modeling and simulation technology. Through advanced modeling and simulation technology, it aims to effectively improve the efficiency and economy of container dredging operations in the Beilun port area, to cope with the increasing throughput pressure and the challenges of a complex logistics environment, and to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the development of China’s sea-railway intermodal transport.
Una inscripción honorífica en Calagurris Iulia (Calahorra, La Rioja). Una propuesta de lectura
Authors: Calonge Miranda Adrián
Published: July 2024

A principios de los años 80 se encontraron en Calahorra dos fragmentos de una inscripción honorífica que actualmente se expone en el Museo de la Romanización en esta misma ciudad. Ha habido dos lecturas sobre la misma desde entonces, la más completa de ellas la fechó en el siglo III. A primera vista parece un homenaje a dos emperadores ejecutada en letras capitales en una placa preparada a tal efecto. Se parte de un análisis de la pieza para proponer una nueva transcripción, elaborar una propuesta sobre cuál o cuáles fueron los purpurados a los que dedicaron el epígrafe y el observar su contexto más inmediato.
Anillos de tradición romana hallados en contextos funerarios tardoantiguos en la Península Ibérica
Authors: Irene Salinero Sánchez
Published: July 2024

En este trabajo se presentan unos anillos hallados en contextos funerarios tardoantiguos de tres provincias españolas (Granada, Málaga, y Madrid), y que por su tipología proceden de una tradición romana debido a los paralelos que existen en conjuntos funerarios anteriores a la cronología en estudio.
Mimarlıkta Uyarlanabilirlik Seviyeleri ve Örnekler Üzerinden Bir İnceleme
Authors: Özengül Aykış Beyza , Ayyıldız Sonay
Published: July 2024

Yapılar fayda sağlamak için inşa edilmekte ve uzun süre kullanımı hedeflenmektedir. Bu nedenle durağan bir nesne olarak düşünülmemelidir. Yaşam süreleri boyunca sosyal, ekonomik ve fiziksel çevredeki, kullanıcıların ihtiyaç ve beklentilerindeki değişiklikler gibi pek çok değişime yanıt vermek, teknik ve işlevsel performansı iyileştirme ile başa çıkmak zorundadırlar. İnşa edildikleri günden yıkılacakları güne kadar değişime uyum sağlayarak işlevselliğini korumaları gerekmektedir.

İnsanoğlu tarih boyunca değişime uyum sağlamanın yollarını aramıştır. Uyarlanabilirlik modern dönemde hızla gelişen kentlerde artan nüfus ve sınırlı kentsel çevre nedeniyle, daha uzun ömürlü ve toplumun farklı ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilecek yapılar inşa etme ihtiyacı ile dikkat çekmiş olsa da yeni bir kavram değildir. Günümüzde teknolojik gelişmeler, yapılarda dijital teknolojilerin kullanımını artırmış ve uyarlanabilir tasarım yapmanın çeşitli yolları ve amaçları olduğunu göstermiştir.

Bu çalışma kapsamında seçilen yedi yapı uyarlanabilirlik tasarım kriterleri bağlamında incelenmiştir. İnceleme sonucunda yapı ve/veya yapı bileşenlerinin manuel olarak uyum sağlayabildiği gibi otomatik olarak da uyum sağlayabildiği gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak evrensel uyarlanabilir tasarımın olamayacağı; her yapının kendine özgü, farklı fonksiyonel özelliklere ve kullanıcı yapısına sahip olduğu söylenebilmektedir.
EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN AUDITORY, INTELLECTUALLY, REPETITION (AIR) DENGAN PENDEKATAN PROBLEM POSING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS SISWA
Authors: Siti Patimah Siti Patimah , Ana Setiani  , Yanti Mulyanti
Published: July 2024

Pada abad ke-21 ini terdapat empat kemampuan yang harus dimiliki oleh siswa salah satunya kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis, tetapi berdasarkan fakta dilapangan kemampuan tersebut masih dikategorikan rendah. Penerapan model dan pendekatan pembelajaran menjadi salah satu solusi yang efektif dalam melatih siswa untuk terbiasa memecahkan suatu permasalahan baik dalam bidang matematika maupun dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penerapan model pembelajaran Auditory, Intellectually, Repetition (AIR) dengan pendekatan Problem Posing terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa pada kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Nagrak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kuantitatif, dengan jenis nya yaitu Quasi Eksperimental dengan desain pretest-posttest control grup design. Terdapat tiga kelas dari enam kelas yang digunakan untuk penelitian yang dipilih secara random. Hasil akhir dari analisis uji statistik (posttest) dengan menggunakan uji Anava Satu Jalur Sel Tak Sama. Dilanjutkan dengan uji Anava (Scheffe), memperoleh hasil yaitu: 1) kemampuan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa yang menerima perlakukan berupa model pembelajaran Auditory, Intellectually, Repetition (AIR) dengan pendekatan Problem Posing  lebih baik dibandingkan dengan yang menerima model Auditory, Intellectually, Repetition (AIR) saja dan juga;  2) kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa yang menerima perlakuan model Auditory, Intellectually, Repetition (AIR) dengan pendekatan Problem Posing lebih baik dibandingkan dengan yang menerima model pembelajaran langsung.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN FLIPPED CLASSROOM BERBANTUAN APLIKASI GOOGLE CLASSROOM TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SEGIEMPAT DI SD
Authors: Shindika Bachtiar Tri Permana  , Filia Prima Artharina  , Ervina Eka Subekti
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Flipped Classroom berbantuan aplikasi Google Classroom terhadap pemahaman konsep matematika materi segiempat. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah true eksperimental dengan desain penelitian posttest only control group. Populasi penelitian ini merupakan keseluruhan siswa kelas IV SD N 3 Ngraji semester genap tahun ajaran 2021/2022. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik probability sampling dengan jenis teknik sampel jenuh untuk menentukan dua kelas sebagai sampel penelitian dengan kelas yang terpilih kelas IV B (kelas eksperimen) dengan pembelajaran Flipped Classrrom dan kelas IV A (kelas kontrol) dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Data diperoleh melalui tes pemahaman konsep matematika berbentuk tes uraian yang dilakukan diakhir penelitian. Uji hipotesis yang digunakan yaitu uji-t untuk melihat pengaruh model pembelajaran yang diterapkan di kelas dilanjutkan uji effect size untuk mengetahui besar pengaruhnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa pada kelas eksperimen lebih baik daripada kelas kontrol. Dibuktikan nilai rata–rata kelas eksperimen diperoleh sebesar 72,108 sedangkan nilai rata–rata dari kelas kontrol diperoleh sebesar 60,031. Selanjutnya diperoleh uji effect size sebesar 0,739. Hal itu membuktikan bahwa pembelajaran Flipped Classroom berbantuan aplikasi Google Classroom berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep siswa SD sebesar 76%.
Edukacja włączająca w cieniu ideologii zachwytu i opresji
Authors: Krause Amadeusz
Published: July 2024

Problem edukacji włączającej wytycza oś sporu, czy dla każdej osoby z niepełnosprawnością wspólne nauczanie w szkole ogólnodostępnej będzie optymalne. W dyskusji za i przeciw edukacji włączającej, jej zwolennicy wskazują głównie na podstawy prawne i społeczne równouprawnienia; przeciwnicy podnoszą kwestię komfortu psychicznego ucznia i problemy z jakości nauczania w tym systemie. W literaturze pedagogiki specjalnej przeważają stanowiska wyważone wskazujące na liczne uwarunkowania edukacji uczniów z problemami rozwojowymi. Bardziej radykalne głosy, sięgające do argumentów ideologicznych, znajdujemy zarówno wśród zwolenników, jak i przeciwników edukacji włączającej. Ci pierwsi wychodzą się ze środowisk literalnie interpretujących międzynarodowe Konwencje Praw Człowieka, a sprawę niekorzystnych uwarunkowań traktują drugorzędnie. Ci drudzy z kolei ideologizują różnice osobnicze i wartość specjalistycznej edukacji, pomijając wartość społeczną wspólnej nauki. W tekście zwrócono uwagę na konsekwencję obu stanowisk.
Osoba z głęboką intelektualną i wieloraką niepełnosprawnością w narracjach studiów o niepełnosprawności – ekskluzja czy inkluzja?
Authors: Kopeć Danuta
Published: July 2024

Inspiracją zawartych w tekście rozważań jest refleksja Simo Vehmasa oraz Reetty Mietoli (2021) – przedstawicieli studiów o niepełnosprawności – o marginalizacji osób z głęboką intelektualną i wieloraką niepełnosprawnością (ang. profound intellectual and muliple disabilites PIMD). Jest ona widoczna m.in.: w regulacjach prawnych, w systemie edukacji oraz w realizowanych projektach badawczych. Jedną z konstytutywnych cech owej marginalizacji jest jej powszechność, tzn. z jej licznymi egzemplifikacjami można się spotkać nie tylko na poziomie polskiego makrosystemu, ale również na poziomie makrosystemu innych państw, nie tylko europejskich. W tekście na podstawie zrealizowanych projektów badawczych, których podmiotem badania była osoba z PIMD, zostanie dokonana deskrypcja przejawów jej inkluzji i ekskluzji w kontekście studiów o niepełnosprawności oraz analiza ich uwarunkowań.
Osiągniecia szkolne uczniów ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi w młodszym wieku szkolnym
Authors: Nowicka Agnieszka
Published: July 2024

W artykule prezentuję wycinek szerszych badań dotyczących sytuacji szkolnej uczniów ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi (SPE) w młodszym wieku szkolnym, odnoszący się do ich osiągnięć szkolnych. Celem tej części badań było uzyskanie odpowiedzi na następujące pytania badawcze: 1. Jaki jest poziom motywacji do nauki szkolnej uczestniczących w badaniach uczniów ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi? 2. Czy uczniowie ci radzą sobie z opanowaniem wiadomości i umiejętności zawartych w podstawie programowej kształcenia ogólnego dla pierwszego etapu edukacyjnego (tzn. czy doświadczają w tym zakresie powodzenia/niepowodzenia szkolnego)? 3. Czy i jakiego rodzaju trudności w nauce występują w badanej grupie uczniów ze SPE? 4. Czy i w jakich obszarach edukacji wczesnoszkolnej uczniowie ci odnoszą sukcesy dydaktyczne? 5. Czy rodzaj SPE różnicuje ich osiągniecia szkolne?
W trakcie badań posłużyłam się metodą sondażu diagnostycznego, techniką ankiety, wywiadu oraz obserwacji. Narzędziami badawczymi były samodzielnie skonstruowane kwestionariusze: ankiety dla nauczyciela-wychowacy i wywiadu dla ucznia, a także jedna ze skal „Arkusza Zachowania się Ucznia“ Barbary Markowskiej, tj. „Skala Motywacji Ucznia do Nauki Szkolnej“. W procesie badawczym wykorzystałam również metody i techniki statystyczne, tj. metodę rangową Spearmana, statystyczny model analizy wariancji ANOVA i test post hoc Scheffego.
W badaniach wzięło udział 95 uczniów w młodszym wieku szkolnym ze SPE uwarunkowanymi ich niepełnosprawności, długotrwałą chorobą somatyczną oraz ryzykiem dysleksji rozwojowej. Badania wykazały, że osiągniecia szkolne badanych uczniów ze SPE są zróżnicowane. Pełne powodzenie w zakresie nabywania wiadomości i umiejętności szkolnych było udziałem jedynie 20%, a niepełne powodzenie – 80% wszystkich badanych uczniów. Na szczęście w całej badanej grupie nie było ani jednego dziecka powtarzającego klasę czy też zagrożonego drugorocznością. Rodzaj SPE uczniów okazał się zmienną różnicującą ich osiągnięcia szkolne.
Wsparcie osób w spektrum autyzmu w procesie studiowania. Przykłady dobrych praktyk
Authors: Pachowicz Matylda
Published: July 2024

Obecnie dokonuje się wiele zmian dotyczących osób w spektrum autyzmu (ASD). Do niedawna dominował dyskurs medyczny, w którym autyzm jest ujmowany jako całościowe zaburzenie rozwoju, obecnie coraz częściej jest postrzegany jako odmienny, unikalny model rozwojowy. Wiele osób z autyzmem doświadcza problemów w nauce na różnych etapach edukacyjnych, które wynikają bardzo często z zaburzeń integracji sensorycznej oraz z trudności w koncentracji uwagi. Do tego nakładają się wtórne trudności o podłożu emocjonalnym i psychicznym. Osoba asystenta ucznia/studenta z autyzmem może przyczynić się do zwiększenia szans edukacyjnych takiego ucznia i może zminimalizować sytuacje traumatyzujące w środowisku szkolnym/akademickim. Przykładem takiego rozwiązania na poziomie szkolnictwa wyższego jest projekt „Asystent studenta z ASD”, który z powodzeniem został wdrożony przez polskie uczelnie. Zawiera on cztery główne filary, które odnoszą się do kluczowych postaci: Lidera/Asystenta, Adwokata społecznego (Asystenta) studenta z ASD, Studenta z ASD oraz Eksperta w tematyce neuroróżnorodności. Zaproponowany model wsparcia ma charakter uniwersalny i elastyczny, może więc być wdrażany w odniesieniu do osób o różnych potrzebach rozwojowych i edukacyjnych. Co ważne, uwzględnia on nowy sposób ujmowania spektrum autyzmu, który odnosi się do paradygmatu neuroróżnorodności. Idealnie wpisuje się więc w obecny trend (który jest widoczny na całym świecie) budowania włączającej kultury organizacyjnej z wykorzystaniem zasad uniwersalnego projektowania.
Talent Space – Przestrzeń talentów w programie Erasmus Plus. Wymiana dobrych praktyk w obszarze rozwijania samowiedzy ucznia, poradnictwa edukacyjno-zawodowego i tworzenia przestrzeni sprzyjającej uczeniu się
Authors: Kurzynoga Monika
Published: July 2024

W stale zmieniającym się świecie, planowanie i rozwijanie kariery wymaga od człowieka podejmowania wielu decyzji, ciągłego rozwoju, poszerzania własnych umiejętności oraz uczenia się przez całe życie. Takie postrzeganie dynamicznej rzeczywistości obliguje instytucje oświatowe w Europie do modyfikowania strategii działań, w celu bardziej skutecznego wspierania młodych ludzi w ich wyborach edukacyjno-zawodowych. Dla mnie, pedagożki szkolnej pracującej w szkole podstawowej, udział w projekcie „Talent Space”, realizowanym w ramach programu Erasmus Plus, stał się okazją do poznania oraz wdrożenia ciekawych rozwiązań metodycznych w obszarze poradnictwa zawodowego. Aktywności polegające na wymianie dobrych, edukacyjnych praktyk oraz tworzenie przestrzeni sprzyjającej uczniom, przyczyniły się do wzbogacenia dotychczas realizowanych działań we wszystkich partnerskich placówkach. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi okazję do podzielenia się refleksami i rekomendacjami będącymi pokłosiem udziału w projekcie.
Evolution of the Concept of Vagrancy in Russian Legislation (from the Second Half of the 17th to the First Half of the 19th Centuries)
Authors: Lukoyanov K. V. , Usmanova D. M.
Published: July 2024

This article focuses on the evolution of the concept of vagrancy in Russia during the period between the second half of the 17th to the first half of the 19th centuries. A set of legislative acts defining vagrants as a separate social group are analyzed. The stages and causes that underlie the transformation of the concept of vagrancy in the state discourse of the Russian Empire are singled out, systematized, and described. A qualitative shift in the Russian state’s perception and understanding of vagrancy as a multifaceted phenomenon is revealed. Based on the results obtained, it is shown that the evolution of vagrancy unfolded in three stages. In the first stage (from the second half of the 17th to the first quarter of the 18th centuries), this concept had no legal status. In the second stage (from the second quarter to the end of the 18th century), vagrancy was gradually introduced into the official legal space of Russia. The third stage (the first half of the 19th century) was marked by the criminalization of this concept in Russian criminal legislation. The key indicators of this process were the introduction of the passport system, the discussions circulating in the Russian public around the status of fugitive people, the recognition of people «who do not remember their kinship» as a social group, and the efforts to curb poverty. The conclusions drawn contribute immensely to the development of historiographic research, as the concept of vagrancy and its formation have escaped the attention of most scholars and remain insufficiently explored.
Cultural Institution in the 21st Century: The Need, Tradition, and Construct (A Study on the Russian Population in the Republic of Tatarstan)
Authors: Kozlov V. E.
Published: July 2024

This article examines the conceptualization of the institutional forms of ethno-social daily routines among the modern Russian population of the Republic of Tatarstan. The basic cultural institutions, such as ethnicity, religious identity, family, and ethno-cultural practices, are described. Their role across different groups of the Russian population in Tatarstan is revealed. The analysis is based on a multi-paradigm approach and well-known socio-humanitarian theories (functionalism, phenomenology, and social constructivism). The study «Social well-being and ethno-cultural needs of the Russian population in the Republic of Tatarstan» carried out in autumn 2022 is used as an analytical source of data. The obtained results show that the demand for traditional cultural institutions, which can be categorized as «need», «tradition», and «construct», varies depending on their roles within the study groups. A growing influence of urban spaces in shaping the ethnic «tradition», particularly among young people, is shown.
Three Stages in the Evolution of the Concept of International Society: The History of the English School of International Relations or the History of Academic Communities?
Authors: Mironov V. V.
Published: July 2024

This article considers the development of the English school of international relations. The enduring influence of its central concept pursued by international society on three generations of scholars is examined. Three stages are identified in the evolution of the above concept. In the first stage, the British Committee for the Study of International Politics laid the groundwork for the subsequent genesis of the school’s concept. In 1970, H. Bull formulated its basic tenets. The second stage is associated with the efforts to attract more researchers to the school in order to expand the scope of the concept and introduce new problems to the field. As a result, the school transformed from a rather closed group of researchers into a diverse community of specialists in international relations. During the third stage, this community divided over the assessment of modern international society, which not only caused a rift within the school but also prompted a modernization of its concept in line with the most recent theoretical insights into the nature of international relations. Therefore, the history of the English school of international relations was underpinned by the collective work of various research groups united under the broad methodological frameworks of the concept supported by international society.
Posthumous Veneration of King Leonidas in Sparta
Authors: Pechatnova L. G.
Published: July 2024

This article examines several narratives about the posthumous veneration of King Leonidas in Sparta. The details of the funeral ceremony held for him are analyzed. Leonidas was the only ruler to be commemorated with three tombstones and three funerals, all in different locations. These unprecedented honors emphasized the exceptional importance attributed to Leonidas by the Spartan authorities. They affirmed his commanding role in strengthening Sparta’s reputation as the leader of the Greek resistance. Leonidas’ recognition and the annual holiday in his honor were fundamental in shaping the mentality of the Spartan citizens. He and the three hundred Spartans who perished with him at Thermopylae embodied the ideal of a noble death in defense of the homeland and showed the Spartans that they were expected to either triumph over the enemy or meet their fate. This concept became ingrained in the ideology of the Spartiates. The intrigue surrounding the transfer of Leonidas’ remains from Thermopylae to Sparta is discussed. Due to a gap in Pausanias’ text, the identity of those responsible for this action and its timing are still unknown. The speculation is fueled by the discrepancy between the name and date provided in the manuscript. Here, several different options to fill the gap are considered. Out of all the options, the one that involves the least amount of intervention, i.e., simply replacing one digit in the manuscript, stands out.
Biochemical Characteristics of Pharmacologically Induced Hind Limb Paralysis in CD-1 Mice
Authors: Fattakhova A. N. , Evtugyn V. G. , Bushmeleva K. N.
Published: July 2024

A model of pharmacological paralysis in the hind limbs of CD-1 mice was introduced. In the initial phase (before paralysis), the activity of MAO-A, a key enzyme of neuroamine metabolism, was inhibited, leading to increased levels of steroid hormones and prolactin, as well as to a decrease in hepatic CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 activities and astrocytic S-100 protein secretion into the blood serum. In the second phase (paralysis manifestation), the mice exhibited hind limb paralysis development, accumulation of cortisol granules, destruction of capillaries, and aggregation of deformed red blood cells in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal regions.
Effects of Hyperthermia on Telomere Length Changes in Arabidopsis thaliana Plants
Authors: Agabekian I. A. , Sabaeva D. Y. , Abdulkina L. R.
Published: July 2024

Telomeres are highly conserved nucleoprotein structures involved in the defense mechanisms of eukaryotic organisms. Their length depends on a variety of biotic and abiotic factors, such as environmental stressors. Being stationary, plants are particularly susceptible to environmental stresses. This article explores the effects of heat stress on telomere length in Arabidopsis thaliana. Telomere length was measured for individual chromosome arms. It was shown that hyperthermia at 42 °C altered telomere length in some chromosome arms of the wild-type A. thaliana plants, as well as in the long telomeres of the knockout mutants for the gene OLI5/RPL5A. The high temperatures caused the telomeres to become shorter, with the longer telomeres showing a stronger response to the stress. This suggests that the complex regulation of telomere length may be associated with exposure to environmental stressors.
A Classification of Protective Structures in Fossil Bryozoans
Authors: Tolokonnikova Z. A. , Fedorov P. V. , Mikhnenko D. M.
Published: July 2024

The protective structures of bryozoans representing four orders—Trepostomata, Cryptostomata, Fenestrata, and Cheilostomata—were analyzed and classified for the first time based on functional criteria. The proposed classification includes five groups of protective structures responsible for: 1) reducing water pressure; 2) increasing the feeding area by expanding the distance between the autozooecia apertures, as well as strengthening the colony’s stability and integrity; 3) physically protecting the polypide and providing attachment points for muscles; 4) scaring off predators; and 5) enabling physical protection against predators while also cleaning the colony from sediments, larvae, and small invertebrates. The study of the development of heterozooids, stylets, and avicularia in fossil bryozoans revealed the emergence of persistent, effective polymorphs in the Early Ordovician, Late Devonian, and Early Cretaceous. The evolutionary changes in bryozoans were primarily driven by fluctuations in the levels of the World Ocean, climate, phytoplankton biomass, and predator composition, among other complex interplays between abiotic and biotic factors. To shield themselves from predation threats, bryozoans evolved acanthostyles protruding above colony surfaces and various types of heterozooids physically protecting them from being eaten (caverno-, para-, cyclo-, lepto-, and allozooids in the old groups, along with avicularia in cheilostomates). Avicularia and similar structures occurred repeatedly in different orders: in fenestrates during the Early Ordovician and Early Devonian, in cryptostomates during the Middle Carboniferous, and in cheilostomates during the Early Cretaceous.
AN ACT AS A FORM OF PSYCHOLOGICAL REPRESENTATION IN PROSE ABOUT THE ERA OF THE GREAT TERROR (“TULAEV’S CASE” BY V. SERGE AND “IMAGINARY QUANTITIES” BY N. NAROKOV)
Authors: Belousova Evgenia A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: July 2024

The article deals with the consideration of the category of action – a fundamental one in the study of a literary character. Methodologically productive in this regard are the achievements of related humanities (psychology, sociology, philosophy) in understanding the individual and his relationship with the world. As a material for analysis, prose about the era of the Great Terror was chosen, which is especially representative from the viewpoint of the aesthetics of the author’s individual imprinting of the character in extreme conditions. Example of “Tulaev’s Case” by V. Serge and “Imaginary Quantities” by N. Narokov is used to consider the behavior types of several groups of characters: those with power, claiming to be free thinking and prisoners. An attempt is made to trace the correlation of the external and internal freedom of the characters in the conditions of totalitarianism, moving from figures with the greatest potential of possibilities to disenfranchised characters. In addition, attention is paid to the phenomenon of external and internal conformism as a product of the epoch, on the one hand, and the consequence of purely personal manifestations, on the other.
THE HOLY LAND AS SEEN BY MEDIEVAL WESTERN EUROPEAN AND RUSSIAN PILGRIMS (ITALIAN PILGRIM’S JOURNALS AND RUSSIAN KHOZHENIYA)
Authors: Toporova Anna V. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities,   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

This comparative study of Italian medieval pilgrim’s journals and Russian khozheniya (medieval travelogues) shows, on the one hand, their genre similarities. They have comparable practical information: indication of route, distances, time and means of travel; comparable description of holy places and objects; and comparable accounts of local customs, natural environment, adventures and dangers. They are also written in similar styles, combining a documentary approach with religious emotion. On the other hand, the article demonstrates the differences in the perception of reality by Western and Russian pilgrims: the former are more rational and take as much interest in the secular world as in spiritual matters; the latter focus more on the inner experience of the encounter with the sacred and on recognition of their own sinfulness. European pilgrims are more open to the world, while their Russian counterparts look inwards into their hearts, where they seek to meet God. Such differences result from the contrasting historical and spiritual contexts of the authors’ lives.
ON THE FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GENRES IN SKALDIC POETRY
Authors: Matyushina Inna G. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities
Published: July 2024

The article analyses the functional characteristics of the main genres of skaldic poetry: panegyric verse, memorial poems (erfidrápur), shield poems (skjaldardrápur), head-ransom verse (höfuðlausn), love poetry (mansöngr) and libellous poems (níð). Olga Freidenberg’s conception of the salvational and chthonic functions of the word is applied to the genres of skaldic poetry which are discussed in the paper. Skaldic libellous verse (níð), rooted in rune magic, is endowed with a chthonic function, whereas head-ransoms characterised by autonominative, equitemporal semantics, acquire a salvational role. The salvational role of head-ransoms (höfuðlausn) is ensured by the use of auto-referential semantics (when the speech act is directed not at the addressee but at the creator of the poem himself), of performative formulas and of a hyper-structuralised form – runhent meter with final rhyme overloaded with sound devices. The pragmatic function of love poems (mansöngr) is determined by their intended influence on the addressee: they serve to manipulate the addressee’s mentality and behaviour, ensuring the performance of a particular action (granting favour to a skald). Erfidrápur are endowed not only with a memorial function but also with a life-affirming role, conditioned by the idea of familial renewal and vitality. The function of skaldic shield poems (skjaldardrápur) is dissociated in the article from descriptive visual imagery of material objects. It is argued in the paper that shield poems function as thesauri of mythological kennings: their poetic form facilitates the process of memorising kennings, and their prose context provides explanations and motivates their usage. Ragnarsdrápa, which alludes to, rather than describes, mythological scenes of Þorr’s fishing for Jǫrmungandr, Hamðir and Sǫrli, taking revenge on Jǫrmunrekkr, and the never-ending battle between Heðin and Hǫgni, is not descriptive, or narrative, or intentionally communicative. The marginality of the communicative function of skaldic poetry is conditioned by violation of direct word-order, the use of parataxis, which obscures the syntactic structure of a stanza, of kennings with their informative deficiency, of inserted and interlaced clauses, breaking the semantic organisation of a half-stanza, and of increased significance of sound repetitions, which is characteristic of magic and ritual.
Pest categorisation of Monema flavescens
Authors:   EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH), Bragard Claude , Baptista Paula , Chatzivassiliou Elisavet , Di Serio Francesco , Gonthier Paolo , Jaques Miret Josep Anton , Justesen Annemarie Fejer , Magnusson Christer Sven , Milonas Panagiotis , Navas‐Cortes Juan A. , Parnell Stephen , Potting Roel , Reignault Philippe Lucien , Stefani Emilio , Thulke Hans‐Hermann , Van der Werf Wopke , Vicent Civera Antonio , Yuen Jonathan , Zappalà Lucia , Grégoire Jean‐Claude , Malumphy Chris , Gobbi Alex , Golic Dejana , Kertesz Virag , Sfyra Oresteia , MacLeod Alan
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Monema flavescens (Lepidoptera, Limacodidae), following the commodity risk assessment of Acer palmatum plants grafted on A. davidii from China, in which M. flavescens was identified as a pest of possible concern to the European Union. This species can be identified by morphological taxonomic keys and by barcoding. The adults of the overwintering generation emerge from late June to late August. The eggs are laid in groups on the underside of the host‐plant leaves, on which the larvae feed throughout their six to eight larval instars. Pupation occurs in ovoid cocoons at the junction between twigs and branches, or on the trunk. Overwintering occurs as fully grown larvae or prepupae in their cocoon. There are one or two generations per year. M. flavescens is polyphagous and feeds on broadleaves; it has been reported on 51 plant species belonging to 24 families. It mainly occurs in Asia (Bhutan, China, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Japan, Nepal, the Republic of Korea), Russia (Eastern Siberia) and Taiwan. It is also present in the USA (Massachusetts). The pest's flight capacities are unknown. The main pathway for entry and spread is plants for planting with cocoons attached. This is partially closed by prohibition of some hosts. In several EU member states climatic conditions are conducive for establishment and many host plants are widespread. Introduction of M. flavescens may result in defoliations influencing tree health and forest diversity. The caterpillars also have urticating spines affecting human health. Phytosanitary measures are available to reduce the likelihood of entry, establishment and spread, and there is a definite potential for classical biological control. Recognising that natural enemies prevent M. flavescens being regarded as a pest in Asia, there is uncertainty regarding the magnitude of potential impact in EU depending on the influence of natural enemies. All criteria assessed by EFSA for consideration as a potential quarantine pest are met.
Entrenamiento multicomponente sobre la salud mental y calidad de vida en personas mayores: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Sepúlveda Mancilla Carlos , Martinez Lema Daniel , López Pinilla Juan Pablo , Muñoz Albarrán Paulina , Castro Pérez Jeosselinee , Sanhueza Arratia Claudio
Published: July 2024

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir los principales efectos de diversos protocolos de entrenamiento multicomponente sobre variables asociadas a salud mental y percepción de la calidad de vida en personas mayores. Metodológicamente se ejecuta mediante una revisión sistemática orientada a los lineamientos de la declaración PRISMA. Se consultó la evidencia disponible en las bases de datos de PUBMED y ScienceDirect, a partir del tamizaje y criterios de elegibilidad se seleccionaron 10 artículos, a partir de los cuales se compilan hallazgos vinculados a la mejora de la calidad de vida y salud mental en personas mayores, aunque no se puede establecer una extrapolación de resultados debido a la escasa consideración y estandarización de las evaluaciones de las variables mencionadas. A partir de lo anterior, se concluye que es necesario considerar variables de salud mental y calidad de vida como variables primarias para evaluar los efectos del entrenamiento multicomponente en personas mayores.
The reality of digital leadership in the distance learning experience from the perspective of teachers in primary schools in the State of Kuwait
Authors: Al-Kandari Huda Ahmed
Published: July 2024

The study aimed to identify the theoretical and intellectual foundations of digital leadership in distance learning, as well as to identify the reality of digital leadership in the distance learning experience of school principals in the primary stage in the State of Kuwait by applying a questionnaire to find out the teachers’ point of view. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach in analyzing the study. A questionnaire consisting of four axes, namely the Digital Leadership, the Digital Learning Culture, the Digital Leadership Professional Practice and the Digital Learning Development, has been applied to a sample of male and female teachers, in the primary stage in the Ministry of Education in the State of Kuwait, of (179) male and female teachers. Through the application of the study tool, the statistical differences of study variables (sex, scientific qualification, years of experience, specialization and school district) have been identified. The results of the study showed that the reality of digital leadership in the distance learning experience came to a high level, with the strong consent of the sample members, with an average of (3.79), and the (e-learning culture) axis ranked first with an average of (3.88), then the sample members agreed on the (digital leadership and vision) with an average of (3.82), while the (professional practices of digital leadership) ranked with an average of (3.75), and in the last place came the (digital learning development) axis with an average of (3.72). The results of the study showed statistically significant differences in the sex variable in favour of females in the four axes of the study.
Students’ Attitudes towards Distance Education in Covid-19 at College of Basic Education
Authors: Aleisa Bashayer Fahad , Altamimi Reem Yaqoub , Alkandari Eisa Mohammad
Published: July 2024

The study aimed to identify students' attitudes towards the application of distance education and its relationship to some variables in light of the COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Kuwait. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers designed a study questionnaire, which was distributed to (19826) students of the College of Basic Education, according to the official statistics of the college for the academic year 2019/2020, and the study sample consisted of (881) male and female students. The researchers used several statistical methods appropriate to the nature of this study, one of the most important results of which was the presence of medium-level trends among students of the College of Basic Education towards the application of distance education in light of the Corona pandemic. The results also showed that they have medium degree potential that qualifies them to use distance education. The results also showed no statistically significant differences between the averages of the study sample members regarding their attitudes towards distance education and their available capabilities in applying it due to the variables of gender, academic year, and specialization.
Teachers’ Perceptions of their Self-Efficacy in Distance Education and its Relationship to their Teaching Practices in Virtual Classrooms in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: AlBiloshi Maryam Hasan , Al Badri Slama Said , Ambusaidi Abdullah Khamis
Published: July 2024

This study identified teachers' perceptions of their self-efficacy in distance education and its relationship to their teaching practices in virtual classrooms. The study used a perception scale and an observation card. The sample consisted of 249 teachers. Twenty teachers of the sample were selected to have their teaching practices in the academic year 2020/2021 observed. The descriptive analytical method was used to collect data and reach the results. The results of the study showed that the teachers’ perceptions of their self-efficacy in distance education came at a high level and their teaching practices in distance education came at a medium level. Also, the results showed that there is no statistically significant correlation between teachers’ perceptions of their self-efficacy in distance education and the reality of their teaching practices in virtual classrooms. The study recommended identifying a list of skills required for distance education and implementing training programs that meet the needs of teachers in technical applications for digital teaching to continue to employ technology and e-learning platforms.
The Parents’ level of Participation in the Individualized Educational Plan (IEP) of their Children with Intellectual Disabilities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia–A Qualitative study
Authors: Alhossyan Fawaz
Published: July 2024

This study aimed at investigating the parents’ level of participation in the Individualized Educational Plan (IEP) of their children with intellectual disabilities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This study employed the qualitative descriptive approach, which helps the researcher to reach the study problem and its merits, as the semi-structured interview method was adopted. In this regard, an initial survey questionnaire, in which more than (33) parents whose children receive special education services and programs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia participated, was designed. The purpose of the survey questionnaire was to identify the target sample for the interviews, based on the participants' answers and their personal desire to conduct the interview or not. The study included (4) interviews with parents of students with intellectual disabilities. After analyzing the qualitative data, the results revealed several themes and topics that relate to parents and the IEP. For example, the results indicate that all the participants have good knowledge about the basic concepts of the IEP and in a way that makes them able to understand its objectives and basic contents. Regarding communication, the results showed that the participants expressed a noticeable concern about the limited communication with the school.
Marketing research and brand management in the margarine market
Authors: Kapustina Larisa M. , Izakova Natalya B. , Mikolenko Anastasya S.
Published: July 2024

Shifts in the Russian margarine market have produced changes in consumer behaviour patterns and caused a decline in sales of a number of brands. The study aims to reveal new trends in the fats and oils market and tests the hypotheses that end consumers tend to buy less margarine due to the rising popularity of a healthy lifestyle, the fast-growing demand for ready-made foods and baked goods, and customers’ high price sensitivity. The theories of brand management and marketing constitute the theoretical basis of the study. The research uses desk and field marketing research methods, survey, and statistical analysis. Calculations were carried out in statistical software SPSS and JASP. To assess brand management at the companies under review, we apply the brand loyalty index and the brand awareness indicator in Yandex Wordstat. The empirical evidence covers Nielsen panel data on retail audits in consumer goods markets for 2021–2023; data sourced from the QlickView analytical platform; OOO Profi Issledovania’s report based on the results of a field study of margarine brands in November 2023; and data from a survey conducted by the authors in November–December, 2023. The findings show that the share of margarines in total production volumes and solid fats sales is in decline. We confirmed the hypotheses that margarines consumption is decreasing due to a healthy lifestyle culture and the need to follow doctor’s recommendations. Price is found to be the key factor in choosing margarine brands.
Digitalization as a direction for the development of the Belarusian combine harvester industry and increasing its competitiveness
Authors: Saiganov A. , Lipskaya V. , Shkirsky V.
Published: July 2024

The term “digitalization” is analyzed and its wording is proposed in relation to such a sector of the economy as agriculture. It was established in which areas of the agroindustrial complex this process has been applied.The directions of the works carried out by Gomselmash OJSC on the introduction of digital technologies are defined, the main partner firms with which the interaction in the field of digitalization is carried out are outlined. The results of tests of the systems installed or planned to be installed in the nearest future on serial grain and forage harvesters of OJSC Gomselmash are reflected. The advantages and disadvantages of the systems of autonomous control of agricultural machinery based on artificial intelligence are presented.