bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Functional and Structural Evaluation of Low-Complexity Artificial Human Epidermis for 3D Tissue Engineering
Authors: Kocsis Dorottya , Sztankovics Dániel , Józsa Liza , Németh Afrodité , Garay Tamás , Naszlady Márton Bese , Lengyel Miléna , Vecsernyés Miklós , Antal István , Sebestyén Anna , Erdő Franciska
Published: February 2025

In recent times, with the need for a reduction, refinement, and replacement of in vivo animal testing, there has been an increasing demand for the use of relevant in vitro human cell systems in drug development. There is also a great demand for the replacement of skin tissue in various wounds and burns. Furthermore, human skin cell-based in vitro systems can be used to investigate the side effects (toxicity and irritation) and tissue penetration of topical preparations. In this study, exploratory experiments were performed to produce artificial epidermis using two hydrogel scaffolds, alginate and GelMA C. The amount of keratinocytes added to the matrix (10–50–100 × 106/mL) and the duration of tissue maturation (fresh, 1–3–4 weeks) were optimized in an extensive study. The behavior and structure of the two hydrogels were functionally and morphologically assessed. The permeability order for caffeine in the tested barriers was the following: alginate > GelMA C > cellulose acetate membrane > rat skin. It was concluded that GelMA C matrix provides a more favorable environment for cell survival and tissue differentiation (as demonstrated by histology and immunohistochemistry) than alginate. The 3-week incubation and 50 × 106/mL cell number proved to be the most beneficial in the given system. This study provides data for the first time on the multifactorial optimization of two potential skin substitutes for tissue manufacturing. In order to use these results in tissue engineering, the fabricated artificial epidermis preparations must also be optimized for biocompatibility and from physical and mechanical point of views.
Lipedema: A Disease Triggered by M2 Polarized Macrophages?
Authors: Grewal Thomas , Kempa Sally , Buechler Christa
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Lipedema is a progressive disease that results in the bilateral and symmetrical accumulation of subcutaneous fat in the legs and/or arms, affecting almost exclusively women. Methods: A comprehensive review of the peer-reviewed literature was conducted between November 2024 and February 2025. Results: The pathophysiology of lipedema is complex and, especially in the early stages, shows similarities to obesity, involving adipocytes, adipose tissue-resident macrophages, and endothelial cells. In lipedema, systemic levels and the adipocyte expression of the classical adipokines adiponectin and leptin appear normal, while it remains unclear if markers of inflammation and oxidative stress are increased. Macrophages in the adipose tissue of patients have an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype and express high levels of the scavenger receptor CD163. These cells affect adipogenesis and seem to have a central role in adipose tissue accumulation. Increased lymphatic and blood vessel permeability are comorbidities of lipedema that occur in early disease states and may contribute to disease progression. Conclusions: This review summarizes our current understanding of the pathophysiology of lipedema with a focus on the role of stromal vascular localized M2 macrophages.
Cortico–Cortical Paired Associative Stimulation (ccPAS) in Ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Quali-Quantitative Approach to Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms and Applications
Authors: Di Fazio Chiara , Tamietto Marco , Stanziano Mario , Nigri Anna , Scaliti Eugenio , Palermo Sara
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pose a major challenge for the ageing population, with impaired synaptic plasticity playing a central role in their pathophysiology. This article explores the hypothesis that cortico–cortical paired associative stimulation (ccPAS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, can restore synaptic function by targeting impaired spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), a key mechanism disrupted in AD. Methods: We reviewed existing studies investigating the effects of ccPAS on neuroplasticity in both ageing and AD populations. Results: Findings suggest age-specific effects, with ccPAS improving motor performance in young adults but showing limited efficacy in older adults, likely due to age-related declines in synaptic plasticity and cortical excitability. In AD, ccPAS studies reveal significant impairments in long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity, while long-term depression (LTD)-like mechanisms appear relatively preserved, emphasising the need for targeted neuromodulation approaches. Conclusions: Despite promising preliminary results, evidence remains limited and largely focused on motor function, with the impact of ccPAS on cognitive domains still underexplored. To bridge this gap, future research should focus on larger and more diverse cohorts to optimise ccPAS protocols for ageing and AD populations and investigate its potential for enhancing cognitive function. By refining stimulation parameters and integrating neuroimageing-based personalisation strategies, ccPAS may represent a novel therapeutic approach for mitigating neuroplasticity deficits in ageing and neurodegenerative conditions.
Assessing the Effect of Artificial Intelligence Anxiety on Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Quiet Quitting in Turkish Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Uygungil-Erdogan Selen , Şahin Yaşar , Sökmen-Alaca Aşkın İnci , Oktaysoy Onur , Altıntaş Mustafa , Topçuoğlu Vurgun
Published: February 2025

The concept of artificial intelligence (AI) refers to technologies that imitate human-like thinking, learning and decision-making abilities. While integrating AI into the workforce offers the potential to increase efficiency in organizational activities, it can lead to negative effects such as anxiety, uncertainty, and distrust among employees which results from not being able to understand these technologies, regarding them as alternatives for themselves, and the possibility of losing their organizational position. These effects can reduce employees’ commitment at work and trigger negative organizational behaviors such as quiet quitting and turnover intention. Starting from this point, the present study aims to investigate the effect of AI anxiety on turnover intention and the mediating role of quiet quitting in this relationship. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional design with 457 people working in SMEs in Kırıkkale province. AI Anxiety, Quiet Quitting, and Turnover Intention Scales were utilized during the data collection process. The obtained data were analyzed through structural equation modeling. In addition to detecting significant relationships between concepts as a result of the analysis, it was realized that AI anxiety did not have a considerable effect directly on turnover intention; however, this effect occurred indirectly through quiet quitting. Accordingly, it is predicted that integrating AI technologies into business processes will increase the concerns about job security in employees, and this anxiety triggers the turnover intention by leading to a tendency toward quiet quitting for reasons such as loss of motivation and low organizational commitment.
Linking Career-Related Social Support to Job Search Behavior Among College Students: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Xiong Zhangbo , Zeng Meihong , Xu Yi , Gao Bin , Shen Quanwei
Published: February 2025

Background: Career-related social support (CRSS) significantly influences job search behavior (JSB). However, the mechanisms and boundary conditions through which CRSS impacts JSB, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, remain unclear. This study examines the mechanisms and boundary conditions through which CRSS influences the JSB among final-year college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, guided by social cognitive career theory (SCCT). Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in 2021 among 596 final-year college students from two public universities in China, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey collected data on CRSS, CDMS, employment pressure, and JSB. Results: The findings revealed that career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMS) partially mediates the relationship between CRSS and JSB. Moreover, employment pressure moderates both the direct and mediated pathways; when employment pressure is low, CRSS does not significantly enhance JSB, whereas under a high employment pressure, JSB significantly increases, with higher CRSS. In the mediated pathway, higher CDMS strongly predicts JSB under low employment pressure, but its influence diminishes as the employment pressure rises. Conclusions: These findings underscore the critical roles of CDMS and employment pressure in shaping JSB, offering valuable insights for career support initiatives to facilitate the transition of graduates into the workforce during challenging periods.
Investigating Scale Effects on Experimental Shear Strength of Earthen Walls (Adobe and Rammed-Earth)
Authors: Ruiz Daniel M. , Reyes Juan C. , Alvarado Yezid A. , Vacca Hermes , Tarque Nicola , Jerez Sandra
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the scale effects on the experimental shear strength of earthen walls, a critical parameter influencing the seismic performance of adobe and rammed-earth (RE) buildings. Recognized for their historical significance and sustainable construction practices, earthen structures require a comprehensive understanding of their mechanical behavior under shear loads to ensure effective design and preservation. This research compiles data from over 120 in-plane shear wall tests (adobe and RE), nearly 20 direct shear tests from the scientific and technical literature, and new cyclic direct shear tests performed on large cubic specimens (300 mm side length) made from the same material as a previously tested two-story RE wall. Based on the findings, this study recommends a minimum specimen cross-sectional area of 0.5 m2 for reliable shear strength testing of earthen walls in structural laboratories. This recommendation aims to prevent the unconservative overestimation of shear strength commonly observed in smaller specimens, including direct shear tests. Furthermore, the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion outlined in the AIS-610 Colombian standard is validated as a conservative lower bound for all compiled shear strength data. Cyclic direct shear tests on nine 300 mm cubic specimens produced a Mohr–Coulomb envelope with an apparent cohesion of 0.0715 MPa and a slope of 0.66, whereas the full-scale two-story wall (5.95 × 6.20 × 0.65 m) constructed with the same material exhibited a much lower cohesion of 0.0139 MPa and a slope of 0.26. The analysis reveals significant scale effects, as small-scale specimens consistently overestimate shear strength due to their inability to capture macro-structural behaviors such as compaction layer interactions, construction joint weaknesses, and stress redistributions. Based on the analysis of the compiled data, the novelty of this study lies in defining a strength reduction factor for direct shear tests (3.4–3.8 for rammed earth, ~3.0 for adobe) to align with full-scale wall behavior, as well as establishing a minimum specimen size (≥0.5 m2) for reliable in-plane shear testing of earthen walls, ensuring accurate structural assessments of shear strength. This study provides a first approach to the shear behavior of unstabilized earth. To expand its application, future research should explore how the scale of specimens with different stabilizers affects their shear strength.
A Study on the Diversity and Cultural Characteristics of Decorative Patterns of Traditional Academies in Eastern China Based on Diversity Index and Social Network Analysis
Authors: Ma Shuxiao , Qiao Yue , Huang Wei , Wang Ziyu , Xu Yan , Xie Jinyang
Published: February 2025

Academies were a distinctive type of educational and cultural institution in ancient China, centers of private education, scholarly debate, and cultural preservation, and their architectural complexes typically integrated lecture halls, library buildings, ceremonial spaces, and gardens. The decoration of academy architecture embodies the essence of national civilization. In order to reveal the diversity of decorative patterns of traditional Chinese academy architecture and its cultural characteristics, this research focuses on traditional academy architecture in eastern China. This study uses diversity index determination to visualize and analyze the diversity of decorative patterns of academy architecture in eastern China and constructs a network model of decorative patterns using the social network analysis (SNA) method. This study reveals that in the traditional academy architecture of five provinces in eastern China, (1) the diversity of decorative patterns is remarkable, with regional characteristics, and shows a trend of unity within the region; (2) the network structure of decorative patterns shows remarkable stability on the whole, and the internal members of the pattern network system constructed with Confucian culture as the core are in close contact with each other; and (3) the cultural characteristics of decorative patterns are mainly reflected in the dominance of Confucian culture, the integration of Buddhist culture, and the uniqueness of regional culture, with Confucian culture occupying the main position that establishes the overall style and spiritual connotation of the decorative patterns in academy architecture. This study provides a new perspective and methodology for the study of traditional architectural decorative patterns, and by using comprehensive data analysis tools and quantitative methods, we are able to intuitively reveal the differences and connections of the cultural characteristics behind decorative patterns.
Validated and Optimized Strategies for Preserving Historical Heritage Towards Natural and Anthropic Risks: Insights from the DETECT-AGING Project
Authors: Lignola Gian Piero , Buratti Nicola , Cattari Serena , Parisi Fulvio , Ubertini Filippo , Alfano Sara , Ierimonti Laura , Meoni Andrea , Sivori Daniele , Virgulto Giorgio
Published: February 2025

This paper summarizes simple and practically attractive new methodologies based on validated and optimized strategies for preserving historical heritage towards natural or anthropic risks in order to assist public administrations and stakeholders involved at various levels in the protection of cultural heritage. This represents the outcome of the PRIN 2017 project DETECT-AGING—degradation effects on structural safety of cultural heritage constructions through simulations and health monitoring. Results were built on recent advances in structural performance modelling of historical masonry structures, interpretation of effects of degradation, advanced numerical simulations, and structural health monitoring, with the final aim to go beyond the state of the art in regard to assessing and establishing: (i) degradation effects from the level of materials to the scale of components; (ii) methodologies able to transfer information on mechanical behaviour from a micro-scale to a macro-scale; (iii) the use of ambient vibration measurements to address epistemic modelling uncertainties in historical masonry buildings; (iv) structural health monitoring (SHM) to detect the occurrence of damage and locate/quantify damage; (v) the capability of equivalent frame models (EFMs) to support the SHM of masonry structures in place of more refined 3D finite element models (FEMs); (vi) variations in the structural response that can be monitored by sensor networks as a function of simulated degradation.
Improving Information Sharing in Offsite Construction (OSC): A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Maheshwari Shaila , Ochoa J. Jorge , Gu Ning , Rameezdeen Rameez , Mayer Wolfgang , Doe Robert M.
Published: February 2025

Recently, the adoption of offsite construction (OSC) has been gaining prominence in the building industry due to its unmatched efficiency, quality, and eco-friendliness. Despite its numerous advantages, OSC faces significant hurdles, notably the challenge of inadequate information sharing among stakeholders, which compounds other issues. While acknowledging its importance and challenges, researchers have predominantly focused on different aspects of OSC. Therefore, this study aims to systematically explore key aspects of information sharing in OSC, identify barriers, and propose strategies for improvement. By analyzing 53 articles published between 2013 and 2024, we found that most studies originated from developed countries, and almost 83% were published in the last 5 years. A thematic analysis revealed various information needs across project stages, from market analysis to safety protocols. Moreover, it uncovered factors hindering stakeholder communication and collaboration, including fragmented supply chains, inconsistent standards, and communication barriers. This paper discusses strategies to improve information sharing and proposes a conceptual framework to guide stakeholders in improving information sharing within OSC projects.
Seismic Vulnerability Evaluation of Metro Station Complex Structures in TOD Mode Based on IDA Method
Authors: Li Wenbo , Jin Jiawang , Hu Jiakun , Feng Fuqiang , An Junhai
Published: February 2025

In order to further study the dynamic response and damage status of the subway station structure and promote the development of the TOD (transit-oriented development) mode structure system, this paper proposes a calibration method for the seismic performance index limit of the subway station complex structure in TOD mode. Taking a practical project in the Beijing city sub-center station integrated transport hub as the research background, the nonlinear analysis model of soil–structure interaction under different site types is established. Firstly, the limit value of the interstory drift ratio is determined by the pushover loading method of the inverted triangular distributed load for the three-dimensional numerical model. Secondly, different types of seismic waves are selected to analyze the seismic vulnerability of the simplified two-dimensional numerical model, and the exceedance probability of different damage states of the structure is quantitatively analyzed. By analyzing the pushover curve, the maximum interstory drift ratio limits corresponding to the five damage states of the subway station complex structure are 0.14%, 0.32%, 0.66%, and 1.12%, respectively. Under different site types and different types of seismic waves, the seismic response law of subway station structures in TOD mode is different. Using different types of ground motion as the input, the mean and discreteness of different IDA curve clusters are quite different. The near-field pulse-type ground motion has a greater impact on the ground motion of the structural system under the Class II site, and the far-field long-period ground motion has a greater impact on the structure under the Class III site. Damage decreases with the increase in the equivalent shear wave velocity of the site, that is, the harder the site’s soil is, the less susceptible the structural system is to damage by underground motion. The established seismic vulnerability curve and seismic damage probability table can effectively evaluate the seismic performance of subway station complex structure in TOD mode. The research results can provide a valuable reference for the seismic performance evaluation of similar underground structures.
Large Deformation Mechanism and Support Countermeasures of Deep-Buried Soft Rock Tunnels Under High Geostress State
Authors: Chen Luhai , Xi Baoping , Zhao Na , He Shuixin , Dong Yunsheng , Liu Keliu , Gao Pengli , Liu Guoqiang
Published: February 2025

To address the problem of large deformation in deep-buried high geostress soft rock tunnels, the Yuelongmen Tunnel was selected as the research subject and adopting the methods of on-site measurements, laboratory experiments and theories, the characteristics of large deformation and its mechanism in high geostress soft rock tunnels are studied in depth, and based on the mechanism of large deformation in tunnels and the concept of active and passive synergistic control, an optimized support scheme that dynamically adapts to the deformation of the surrounding rock is put forward. The results show that (1) the deformation volume and rate of tunnel surrounding rock is large, the duration is long, and the deformation damage is serious; (2) the main factors of tunnel surrounding rock deformation damage are high geostress and stratum lithology, followed by geological structure, groundwater and support scheme; (3) the tunnel deformation hierarchical control scheme effectively controls the deformation of surrounding rock, and reduces the deformation of steel arch and the risk of sprayed concrete cracking, which verifies the applicability of this scheme to the project. It verifies its engineering applicability. The research results provide important technical reference and theoretical support for the design and construction of similar projects.
Effect of Metal Dispersion in Rh-Based Zeolite and SiO2 Catalysts on the Hydroformylation of Olefin Mixtures from Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Wang Yu , Cao Xuemin , Dai Yuting , Yan Tao , Zhang Xiangjie , He Huizi , Xie Yujie , Lin Tiejun , Song Chang , He Peng
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the hydroformylation of C5+ olefins derived from Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) using Rh-based catalysts supported on zeolites (MFI, MEL) and SiO2. A series of catalysts were synthesized through two different methods: a one-pot hydrothermal crystallization process, which results in highly dispersed Rh species encapsulated within the zeolite framework (Rh@MFI, Rh@MEL), and an impregnation method that produces larger Rh nanoparticles exposed on the support surface (Rh/MFI, Rh/MEL, Rh/SiO2). Characterization techniques such as BET, TEM, and FTIR were employed to evaluate different catalysts, revealing significant differences in the dispersion and accessibility of Rh species. Owing to its more accessible mesoporous structure, Rh/SiO2 with a pore size of 5.6 nm exhibited the highest olefin conversion rate (>90%) and 40% selectivity to C6+ aldehydes. In contrast, zeolite-encapsulated catalysts exhibited higher selectivity for C6+ aldehydes (~50%) due to better confinement and linear aldehyde formation. This study also examined the influence of FTS byproducts, including paraffins and short-chain olefins, on the hydroformylation reaction. Results showed that long-chain paraffins had a negligible effect on olefin conversion, while the presence of short-chain olefins, such as propene, reduced both olefin conversion and aldehyde selectivity due to competitive adsorption. This work highlights the critical role of catalyst design, olefin diffusion, and feedstock composition in optimizing hydroformylation performance, offering insights for improving the efficiency of syngas-to-olefins and aldehydes processes.
AMPK Activation Downregulates TXNIP, Rab5, and Rab7 Within Minutes, Thereby Inhibiting the Endocytosis-Mediated Entry of Human Pathogenic Viruses
Authors: Diesendorf Viktoria , La Rocca Veronica , Teutsch Michelle , Alattar Haisam , Obernolte Helena , Kenst Kornelia , Seibel Jens , Wörsdörfer Philipp , Sewald Katherina , Steinke Maria , Schneider-Schaulies Sibylle , Lutz Manfred B. , Bodem Jochen
Published: February 2025

Cellular metabolism must adapt rapidly to environmental alterations and adjust nutrient uptake. Low glucose availability activates the AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) pathway. We demonstrate that activation of AMPK or the downstream Unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase (ULK1) inhibits receptor-mediated endocytosis. Beyond limiting dextran uptake, this activation prevents endocytic uptake of human pathogenic enveloped and non-enveloped, positive- and negative-stranded RNA viruses, such as yellow fever, dengue, tick-borne encephalitis, chikungunya, polio, rubella, rabies lyssavirus, and SARS-CoV-2, not only in mammalian and insect cells but also in precision-cut lung slices and neuronal organoids. ULK1 activation inhibited enveloped viruses but not EV71. However, receptor presentation at the cytoplasmic membrane remained unaffected, indicating that receptor binding was unchanged, while later stages of endocytosis were targeted via two distinct pathways. Drug-induced activation of the AMPK pathway reduced early endocytic factor TXNIP by suppressing translation. In contrast, the amounts of Rab5 and the late endosomal marker Rab7 decreased due to translation inactivation and ULK1-dependent proteasome activation within minutes. Furthermore, activation of AMPK hindered the late replication steps of SARS-CoV-2 by reducing viral RNAs and proteins and the endo-lysosomal markers LAMP1 and GRP78, suggesting a reduction in early and late endosomes and lysosomes. Inhibition of the PI3K and mTORC2 pathways, which sense amino acid and growth factor availability, promotes AMPK activity and blocks viral entry. Our results indicate that AMPK and ULK1 emerge as restriction factors of cellular endocytosis, impeding the receptor-mediated endocytic entry of enveloped and non-enveloped RNA viruses.
Micro- and Nanofibrillated Cellulose Coatings as Barriers Against Water and Oil in Food Packaging Paper: A Sustainable Alternative to Plastic Coatings
Authors: Dubowik Marcin , Przybysz Kamila , Dańczak Jacek , Lipkiewicz Aneta , Gajadhur Marta , Górska Beata , Pawłowska Ewelina , Drozd Robert , Przybysz Piotr
Published: February 2025

This research investigates the effectiveness of micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose (M-NFC) coatings compared to traditional synthetic coatings in enhancing the barrier properties of paper. Papers were coated at various grammages (1.2, 1.8, and 2.9 g/m2) and tested for properties such as hydrophobicity, lyophobicity, and surface smoothness. Paper coated with 2.9 g/m2 M-NFC showed water absorbency of 10.5 g/m2 and castor oil absorbency of 9.6 g/m2, which were lower than for commercially available WBB-coated paper (respectively, 12.2 and 14.8 g/m2). The coatings were evaluated through microscopic analysis and physical testing methods including Cobb and Cobb–Unger absorbency tests and wettability measurements. The results indicate that M-NFC coatings provide a sustainable alternative with competitive barrier properties suitable for short-term use products, showcasing potential reductions in synthetic material usage, especially in food packaging.
Understanding Wildlife Biodiversity Awareness: Rural Children’s Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions of Conservation in the Selva Maya
Authors: Pérez-Flores Jonathan , López-Martínez Jorge Omar
Published: February 2025

We live in an era where future generations are experiencing a serious loss of knowledge, sensitivity, and interest in biodiversity. This situation is thought to be unique to urbanised countries with limited green spaces. However, with the increasing urbanisation of rural areas, it is necessary to investigate what is happening in places of high biodiversity. In this study, we investigated the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of children and adolescents in the rural municipality of José María Morelos in southeastern Mexico. We analysed 1119 drawings by 117 children in their first three years of school and interviewed 280 students in their last three years of primary, secondary and high school. Younger children drew more native species, with the majority being mammals. Of the students surveyed, secondary school students had the highest level of species knowledge and considered deer and jaguar to be the most important species. They considered hunting to be the main cause of animal depletion and had a positive attitude towards nature conservation. Based on our findings, we recommend that educational strategies be implemented at all school levels to promote knowledge of the less emblematic species that inhabit the Selva Maya.
SADASNet: A Selective and Adaptive Deep Architecture Search Network with Hyperparameter Optimization for Robust Skin Cancer Classification
Authors: İlker Günay , Özkan İnik
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Skin cancer is a major public health concern, where early diagnosis and effective treatment are essential for prevention. To enhance diagnostic accuracy, researchers have increasingly utilized computer vision systems, with deep learning-based approaches becoming the primary focus in recent studies. Nevertheless, there is a notable research gap in the effective optimization of hyperparameters to design optimal deep learning architectures, given the need for high accuracy and lower computational complexity. Methods: This paper puts forth a robust metaheuristic optimization-based approach to develop novel deep learning architectures for multi-class skin cancer classification. This method, designated as the SADASNet (Selective and Adaptive Deep Architecture Search Network by Hyperparameter Optimization) algorithm, is developed based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. The SADASNet method is adapted to the HAM10000 dataset. Innovative data augmentation techniques are applied to overcome class imbalance issues and enhance the performance of the model. The SADASNet method has been developed to accommodate a range of image sizes, and six different original deep learning models have been produced as a result. Results: The models achieved the following highest performance metrics: 99.31% accuracy, 97.58% F1 score, 97.57% recall, 97.64% precision, and 99.59% specificity. Compared to the most advanced competitors reported in the literature, the proposed method demonstrates superior performance in terms of accuracy and computational complexity. Furthermore, it maintains a broad solution space during parameter optimization. Conclusions: With these outcomes, this method aims to enhance the classification of skin cancer and contribute to the advancement of deep learning.
Predicting PD-L1 in Lung Adenocarcinoma Using 18F-FDG PET/CT Radiomic Features
Authors: Zhang Huiyuan , Meng Xiangxi , Wang Zhe , Zhou Xin , Liu Yang , Li Nan
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: This study aims to retrospectively analyze the clinical and imaging data of 101 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent [18F]FDG PET/CT examination and were pathologically confirmed in the Department of Nuclear Medicine at Peking University Cancer Hospital. This study explores the predictive value and important features of [18F]FDG PET/CT radiomics for PD-L1 expression levels in lung adenocarcinoma patients, assisting in screening patients who may benefit from immunotherapy. Methods: 101 patients with histologically confirmed lung adenocarcinoma who received pre-treatment [18F] FDG PET/CT were included. Among them, 44 patients were determined to be PD-L1 positive and 57 patients were determined to be PD-L1 negative based on immunohistochemical assays. Clinical data, PET/CT radiomics parameters, conventional metabolic parameters, and observed CT characteristics were included in the modeling. Random Forest was used in feature denoising, while Forward Stepwise Regression and the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator were used in feature selection. Models based on Tree, Discriminant, Logistic Regression, and Support Vector Machine were trained and evaluatedto explore the value of clinical data, PET/CT radiomics parameters, conventional metabolic parameters, and observed CT characteristics. Results: All models showed some predictive ability in distinguishing PD-L1 positive from PD-L1 negative samples. Among the multimodal imaging, clinical data were incorporated into the models, with clinical stage and gender selected by Forward Stepwise Regression, while clinical stage, smoking history, and gender were selected by LASSO. When incorporating clinical data and thin-section CT-derived images into the models, nodular type, spiculation, and CT Shape Flatness were selected by Forward Stepwise Regression, while nodular type and spiculation were selected by LASSO. When incorporating clinical data, PET/CT radiomics, observed CT characteristics, and conventional metabolic information. Forward Stepwise Regression selected TLGlean, MTV, nodule component, PET Shape Sphericity, while LASSO selected SULmax, MTV, nodular type, PET Shape Sphericity, and spiculation. Conclusions: The integration of clinical data, PET/CT radiomics, and conventional metabolic parameters effectively predicted PD-L1 expression, thereby assisting the selection of patients who would benefit from immunotherapy. Observed CT characteristics and conventional metabolic information play an important role in predicting PD-L1 expression levels.
Correction: Olteanu et al. Interleukin-4 Gene Polymorphisms in Romanian Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Association with Disease Risk and Clinical Features. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 1465
Authors: Olteanu Andrei Ovidiu , Ionescu Elena Mirela , Tieranu Cristian George , Popa Luis Ovidiu , Andrei Silvia Ioana , Preda Carmen Monica , Dutescu Monica Irina , Bojinca Mihai , Tieranu Ioana , Popa Olivia Mihaela
Published: February 2025

The authors wish to correct the authorship of the original publication [...]
Electrolyte Imbalances and Metabolic Emergencies in Obesity: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
Authors: Crintea Iulia Najette , Cindrea Alexandru Cristian , Mederle Ovidiu Alexandru , Trebuian Cosmin Iosif , Timar Romulus
Published: February 2025

Electrolyte imbalances are a frequently overlooked yet critical component of obesity-related metabolic dysfunction, contributing to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, kidney impairment, and metabolic emergencies such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), and acute kidney injury (AKI). These disturbances arise from insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, hormonal dysregulation, and renal dysfunction, leading to sodium retention, potassium depletion, and deficiencies in calcium and magnesium homeostasis. Managing electrolyte imbalances is essential in obesity management, as imbalances exacerbate hypertension, metabolic acidosis, neuromuscular complications, and insulin resistance. This review explores the pathophysiology of electrolyte disturbances in obesity and their impact on fluid balance, acid–base status, and metabolic health. Effective management strategies include individualized electrolyte monitoring, dietary sodium restriction, potassium supplementation, vitamin D and magnesium correction, and pharmacologic interventions targeting renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) activity and insulin resistance. Additionally, lifestyle interventions, including dietary modification, weight loss strategies, and hydration optimization, play a key role in preventing metabolic complications. Future research should investigate the long-term impact of electrolyte imbalances in obesity, the role of emerging therapies, and how lifestyle interventions can optimize electrolyte homeostasis and metabolic outcomes. A personalized, multidisciplinary approach integrating endocrinology, nephrology, and clinical nutrition is essential to improving the prevention and management of electrolyte imbalances in obese individuals.
The Impact of Automation Failure on Unmanned Aircraft System Operators’ Performance, Workload, and Trust in Automation
Authors: Wang Jianxin , Fang Weining , Qiu Hanzhao , Wang Yu
Published: February 2025

Automation failures in Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) significantly lead to a decrease in overall system performance, an increase in operator workload, and a deterioration in automation trust. This study investigates how the frequency and intensity of automation failures differ in multi-subsystem environments. An improved automated MATB (Multi-Attribute Task Battery) paradigm was used to quantify the frequency and intensity of automation failure at four levels. Through operational experiments incorporating eye-tracking technology, we examined the effects of different failure levels on dependent variables. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and nonparametric tests, revealing that while failure frequency and intensity significantly deteriorated workload, automation trust, and task performance, not all dependent variables showed consistent changes across failure levels, indicating the presence of a plateau effect in certain cases. Trust in automation negatively mediated participants’ perceptions of workload in the context of failure. These results suggest that different failure frequency and intensity contexts can have differing effects on operators, especially in complex socio-technical systems involving multiple subsystems, which should not be generalized regarding whether they fail or not. In practical applications, designers could consider how to increase operator trust in automation (through personnel training, system design, etc.) and reduce the negative impact of automation failures on performance and workload.
A Study of Economic and Social Preferences in Energy-Saving Behavior Using a Structural Equation Modeling Approach: The Case of Romania
Authors: Busu Cristian , Busu Mihail , Grasu Stelian , Skačkauskienė Ilona , Fonseca Luis Miguel
Published: February 2025

Examining the energy consumer behavioral model is critical for national governments and academia. This endeavor seeks to uncover effective solutions amid the energy crisis and climate change challenges. This article delves into legislative developments within the energy sector, European Commission recommendations for reducing energy consumption, and existing constraints impacting individual consumers. By scrutinizing the relevant literature, we aimed to identify and analyze factors that can enhance individual benefits derived from energy savings. Then, a comprehensive set of variables was formulated to model the final consumers’ behavior. Data collection involved administering questionnaires to individual consumers, consumer associations, and energy micro-enterprises in Romania. The gathered data were meticulously analyzed using the Smart-Pls 4 statistical software. Building upon insights from specialized literature, this paper pinpoints the behavioral determinants influencing the reduction in energy consumption. These determinants serve as independent variables shaping the voluntary adoption of measures in lifestyle and behavior among various types of energy users. This study’s findings validate the assumptions presented in this article, highlighting that a reduction in energy consumption is a direct and intrinsic outcome achieved by cumulatively addressing several factors. These factors encompass investments in the energy sector, budget allocation for energy consumption expenditure, adherence to social behavior norms, access to pertinent information about the consequences of the energy crisis, and individual responsibility. Notably, the perception of energy-saving opportunities emerges as a mediator between the independent variables and energy savings with a significant effect. This aspect, developed for the first time in this article, draws inspiration from the prospect theory introduced by Kahneman and Tversky.
Identifying the Impact of New Digital Infrastructure on Urban Energy Consumption: Evidence from the Broadband China Strategy
Authors: Xu Xianpu , Meng Qiqi , Huang Jing
Published: February 2025

China aims for high-quality development by balancing energy use and economic growth, leveraging digital infrastructure to foster a resource-efficient, eco-friendly society and boost economic progress. In this context, by using panel data from 279 Chinese cities spanning 2006–2021, this study employs a multi-phase difference-in-differences (DID) technique to disclose how the Broadband China Pilot Policy (BCPP) affects energy consumption. The results reveal that the BCPP can greatly lower urban energy consumption, which is further validated by robustness tests, including PSM-DID estimation, Bacon decomposition, and placebo testing. Heterogeneity testing shows the BCPP significantly lowers energy consumption in large, eastern, non-resource-based, and high-digital inclusive finance cities compared to smaller, western, resource-based, and low-digital inclusive finance cities. Furthermore, the mechanism analysis indicates that the BCPP contributes to decreased urban energy use by transforming the industrial structure, enhancing financial growth, and improving green technology innovation. To effectively harmonize energy consumption with urban development, it is recommended to accelerate the advancement of digital infrastructure, tailor the industrial structure to meet local needs, and promote greater financial and green innovation development.
The Application of Vibroacoustic Mean and Peak-to-Peak Estimates to Assess the Rapidly Changing Thermodynamic Process of Converting Energy Obtained from Various Fuel Compositions Using a CI Engine
Authors: Waligórski Marek , Bajerlein Maciej , Karpiuk Wojciech , Smolec Rafał , Pełczyński Jakub
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the effectiveness of representing the process of creating and burning a combustible mixture in vibroacoustic parameters of a compression ignition engine. Empirical engine tests allowed us to conduct analyses in terms of the operating conditions, fuel parameters, and fuel type. The influence of dimethyl ether on combustion efficiency was quantified using performance indicators, emission parameters, and vibration estimates (compared to diesel fuel). Mathematical models of combustion and its variability were created using the mean, peak-to-peak amplitude, root mean square error, and peak amplitudes of vibration accelerations, which were also represented using vibration graphics. Dimethyl ether positively influenced engine performance, emissions, and vibration reduction. The proposed method can predict combustion irregularities and detect their sources in engine designs with high kinetic energy, hybrid combustion modeling, and fuel composition identification. Dimethyl ether reduced hydrocarbons by 96–99%, particulate matter by 37–60%, and carbon monoxide by 2.5–19.5%, whereas nitrogen oxides increased by 1–8% (relative to diesel fuel). Emission models were created with accuracies of 0.88–0.96 (hydrocarbons), 0.80–0.98 (particulate matter), 0.95–0.99 (carbon monoxide), and 0.97–0.99 (nitrogen oxides). Dimethyl ether application reduced the mean amplitude of the vibrations in the range of 5.7–60.6% and the peak-to-peak amplitude in the range of 18.2–72.4%. The standard deviation of combustion was decreased by 8.8–49.1% (mean) and by 28.8–39.5% (peak-to-peak). The vibroacoustic models’ accuracy scores were 0.90–0.99 (diesel fuel) and 0.72–0.75 (dimethyl ether).
Experimental Study on Factors Influencing the Propagation of Hydraulic Fractures in Shale Reservoirs with Developed Natural Weak Planes
Authors: Huang Yitao , Zhu Juhui , Li Yongming , He Le , Fang Zeben , Chen Xiyu
Published: February 2025

Hydraulic fracturing is a key technology to build productivity in shale reservoirs; however, the evolution mechanism of fractures is extremely complex, especially in reservoirs with natural weak-planes development. There is an urgent need to conduct systematic research on the influence of natural weak planes on the vertical propagation of hydraulic fractures. This article takes the deep shale gas block of Luzhou in Southern Sichuan as the research basis and conducts different conditions of true triaxial large-scale hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiments as well as the characteristics of natural weak-plane reservoir development and reservoir geological characteristics. This study clarifies the interaction mechanism between hydraulic fractures and natural weak planes and identifies the influence of parameters such as vertical stress difference, natural fracture strength, and approach angle on the propagation path of hydraulic fractures in reservoirs with developed natural weak planes, which help us gain a deeper insight into the interaction mechanism between fracture and weak plane. This study indicates that the widely developed natural weak planes in shale reservoirs significantly affect the initiation, propagation, and final distribution of hydraulic fractures. Based on pressure response characteristics, the fracture initiation types can be categorized into two scenarios: initiation along the direction of the maximum principal stress and initiation along natural weak planes. The propagation modes of fractures can be divided into three types: propagation perpendicular to natural weak planes, propagation parallel to natural weak planes, and multi-fracture propagation. The post-pressure fracture distribution patterns can be classified into four types: through-going fractures, T-shaped fractures, compound fractures, and complex fracture networks. The absence of developed natural weak planes, high vertical stress differences, high natural weak-plane cementation strength, and large intersection angles are favorable conditions for the vertical propagation of hydraulic fractures. The research findings enrich the fundamental theory of vertical propagation of hydraulic fractures in shale reservoirs with developed natural weak planes and provide a scientific basis for the formulation and optimization of stimulation schemes for deep shale reservoirs, contributing to better stimulation effects in the Southern Sichuan shale gas block.
Warming Does Not Change Vertical Variations in Microbial Resource Limitation in Subtropical Forests at China
Authors: Mao Chao , Wang Yun , Xiong Decheng , Xu Chao , Chen Shidong , Yang Zhijie , Yang Yusheng
Published: February 2025

Global warming can differentially alter ecosystem carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus dynamics, regulating the balance between soil substrate supply and microbial metabolic demand. However, empirical research on how warming influences microbial resource limitation along the soil profile remains limited, particularly in tropical–subtropical regions. Here, we investigated vertical variations (0–60 cm soil layers) in microbial resource limitation and their corresponding responses to warming in subtropical forests in southern China, using a soil warming experiment with heating cables (+4 °C) and enzymatic stoichiometry. Alleviated carbon limitation but aggravated nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) limitation for microbial metabolism was observed along soil profiles, regardless of warming treatment. Among different soil depths, warming mitigated microbial carbon limitation conditions and exacerbated microbial nutrient limitation conditions in a 0–10 cm surface layer, but had no significant effect below the 20 cm soil depth. Moreover, vertical variations in microbial nitrogen limitation were primarily regulated by soil moisture and the fungal–bacterial ratio regardless of warming treatment. In contrast, vertical changes in microbial carbon and phosphorus limitation were driven by soil moisture and the fungal–bacterial ratio under ambient conditions, but by the soil carbon–phosphorus ratio and the fungal–bacterial ratio after warming. For surface soil, warming effects on microbial carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus limitation were mainly explained by microbial biomass stoichiometry and the fungal–bacterial ratio. Overall, warming had diverse effects on microbial resource limitation along the entire soil profile. These findings provide important insights for accurately predicting biogeochemical cycles under global warming scenarios.