bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-prescriptionxx antibiotic use for people aged 15 years or older for cough in China: a community-based survey
Authors: Luo Yan , Tang Xuewen , Ding Linling , Shao Zhujun , Yu Jianxing , Chen Yangqing , Zhou Yang , He Hanqing , Chen Zhiping
Published: August 2021

Background

Non-prescription antibiotic use at community is a main driver of antimicrobial resistance. Cough is a common condition and prevalent in all townships, including China. This study aims to investigate the non-prescription antibiotic use for cough in China and explore to which extent antibiotic use knowledge was correctly instructed in communities.

Methods

A probability-proportionate-to-size sampling method was adopted to survey from all 14 townships in Yiwu city, China. All participants were investigated by face-to-face interview on Portable Android Devices. The continuous variables were presented by mean and standard deviation or medium and inter-quartile range (IQR). The categorical variables were presented using percentage or constituent ratio. Chi-square test for univariate analysis and logistic regression for multivariate analysis were conducted to assess the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, respectively.

Results

A total of 3034 respondents across all the 14 townships and the 50 natural villages/streets completed all key items of the questionnaire. Of 2400 (79.10%) respondents stated that they experienced cough in the past 12 months with the medium age of 36.5 (IQR: 26–49) and 12.21% (293/2400) respondents had the non-prescription antibiotic use behavior. Among those 293 respondents, the proportion of non-prescription antibiotic use for cough peaked at around 16% among people aged 30–39 years old. The major sources of antibiotics were pharmacy (77.70%) and/or family storage (43.92%).

Conclusions

Non-prescription antibiotics use for cough is prevalent in the community, especially among people in their thirties. Strengthened drug purchase regulation and well-trained professional pharmacists would be promising alternatives to ameliorate AMR. Moreover, penetrating antibiotics knowledge to common citizens and is an urgent task to alleviate antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, proactive policies and regulations should be made to improve current situations.
Skin cancer therapeutics: nano-drug delivery vectors—present and beyond
Authors: Lalan Manisha , Shah Pranav , Barve Kalyani , Parekh Khushali , Mehta Tejal , Patel Priya
Published: August 2021

Background

Skin cancers are among the widely prevalent forms of cancer worldwide. The increasing industrialization and accompanied environmental changes have further worsened the skin cancer statistics. The stern topical barrier although difficult to breach is a little compromised in pathologies like skin cancer. The therapeutic management of skin cancers has moved beyond chemotherapy and surgery.

Main body of the abstract

The quest for a magic bullet still prevails, but topical drug delivery has emerged as a perfect modality for localized self-application with minimal systemic ingress for the management of skin cancers. Advances in topical drug delivery as evidenced by the exploration of nanocarriers and newer technologies like microneedle-assisted/mediated therapeutics have revolutionized the paradigms of topical treatment. The engineered nanovectors have not only been given the liberty to experiment with a wide-array of drug carriers with very distinguishing characteristics but also endowed them with target specificity. The biologicals like nucleic acid-based approaches or skin penetrating peptide vectors are another promising area of skin cancer therapeutics which has demonstrated potential in research studies. In this review, a panoramic view is presented on the etiology, therapeutic options, and emerging drug delivery modalities for skin cancer.

Short conclusion

Nanocarriers have presented innumerable opportunities for interventions in skin cancer therapeutics. Challenge persists for the bench to bedside translation of these highly potential upcoming therapeutic strategies.

Graphic abstract
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Cohesive Eight-Week Evolution Unit That Incorporates Molecular Genetics and Principles of the Next Generation Science Standards
Authors: Drits-Esser D. , Hardcastle J. , Bass K. M. , Homburger S. , Malone M. , Pompei K. , DeBoer G. E. , Stark L. A.
Published: August 2021

Findings from a randomized controlled study comparing a new, freely available Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) high school evolution unit that integrates molecular genetics with teachers’ typical NGSS units are reported. Treatment students showed significantly higher evolution learning gains. Implications for secondary and postsecondary science educators are addressed.
The Spectrum of the Prader–Willi-like Pheno- and Genotype: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Juriaans Alicia F , Kerkhof Gerthe F , Hokken-Koelega Anita C S
Published: August 2021

Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic syndrome, caused by the loss of expression of the paternal chromosome 15q11-q13 region. Over the past years, many cases of patients with characteristics similar to PWS, but without a typical genetic aberration of the 15q11-q13 region, have been described. These patients are often labelled as Prader–Willi-like (PWL). PWL is an as-yet poorly defined syndrome, potentially affecting a significant number of children and adults. In the current clinical practice, patients labelled as PWL are mostly left without treatment options. Considering the similarities with PWS, children with PWL might benefit from the same care and treatment as children with PWS. This review gives more insight into the pheno- and genotype of PWL and includes 86 papers, containing 368 cases of patients with a PWL phenotype. We describe mutations and aberrations for consideration when suspicion of PWS remains after negative testing. The most common genetic diagnoses were Temple syndrome (formerly known as maternal uniparental disomy 14), Schaaf–Yang syndrome (truncating mutation in the MAGEL2 gene), 1p36 deletion, 2p deletion, 6q deletion, 6q duplication, 15q deletion, 15q duplication, 19p deletion, fragile X syndrome, and Xq duplication. We found that the most prevalent symptoms in the entire group were developmental delay/intellectual disability (76%), speech problems (64%), overweight/obesity (57%), hypotonia (56%), and psychobehavioral problems (53%). In addition, we propose a diagnostic approach to patients with a PWL phenotype for (pediatric) endocrinologists. PWL comprises a complex and diverse group of patients, which calls for multidisciplinary care with an individualized approach.
Implementation by Vote-Buying Mechanisms
Authors: Eguia Jon X. , Xefteris Dimitrios
Published: August 2021

Vote-buying mechanisms allow agents to express any level of support for their preferred alternative at an increasing cost. Focusing on large societies with wealth inequality, we prove that the family of binary social choice rules implemented by well-behaved vote-buying mechanisms is indexed by a single parameter, which determines the importance assigned to the agents’ willingness to pay to affect outcomes and to the number of supporters for each alternative. This parameter depends solely on the elasticity of the cost function near its origin: as this elasticity decreases, the intensities of support matter relatively more for outcomes than the supporters’ count. (JEL D63, D71, D72)
A visita da Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos na Argentina durante a ditadura civil-militar (1976-1983) | The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights’ on-site visit in Argentina during the civil-military dictatorship (1976-1983)
Authors: Dauer Gabriel Roberto
Published: August 2021

As violações de direitos humanos na ditadura civil-militar argentina (1976-1983) foram tema de foros multilaterais, sendo um deles a Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH) da Organização dos Estados Americanos. Nesse contexto, este trabalho analisa como a ditadura respondeu às críticas aos direitos humanos, particularmente quando da visita in loco da CIDH na Argentina em 1979 até a publicação de seu informe em 1980. Utilizamos da Análise de Política Externa para compreender as tomadas de decisão da ditadura para receber a CIDH, os atores envolvidos e as consequências nacionais e internacionais desse evento. A visita transformou o campo de oportunidades de denúncia e visibilidade de opositores ao expor as atrocidades da ditadura. Contudo, as decisões do regime não foram lineares: os militares não eram os únicos interessados em defender seus interesses; grupos de direitos humanos, exilados e organizações internacionais disputaram esse campo, somadas desavenças internas na Junta Militar que dificultaram uma congruência diplomática.Palavras-chave: Argentina; Ditadura; Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos.ABSTRACT:Human rights violations during the argentine civil-military dictatorship (1976-1983) were a theme on multilateral forums, such as the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) of the Organization of American States (OAS). The article analyzes how the dictatorship reacted to criticisms regarding human rights violations in Argentina, especially during the IACHR's on-site visit in Argentina in 1979 until the publication of its report in 1980. Theoretically, Foreign Policy Analysis concepts were articulated to understand the decision-making of the dictatorship to receive the IACHR, the actors involved, and the national and international consequences of the event. IACHR's visit transformed the field of human rights actors’ opportunities of complaints and the visibility of opponents by exposing the atrocities of the dictatorship, whose decisions were not linear: the military was not the only interested actor in defending its interests; human rights groups, exiles, and international organizations also disputed this narrative, while internal disputes in the Military Junta made Argentina's diplomatic congruence difficult.Keywords: Argentina; Dictatorship; Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Recebido em: 31 mar. 2021 | Aceito em: 23 jun. 2021.
On-road driving behaviour characteristics of patients with brain injury
Authors: Tanaka Hajime , Ito Emi , Yoshihara Ayami
Published: August 2021

Background/aims

To clarify the characteristics of automobile driving performance in patients with brain injury, 26 patients (patient group) and 26 driving instructors (control group) were evaluated via an on-road driving assessment.

Methods

On-road driving performance was evaluated using an event data recorder, driving analysis software, and a video-based driving assessment scale. The number of unsafe driving events, the score on the driving analysis software, and the score on the driving assessment scale were then compared between the two groups.

Results

The patient group had 12 unsafe events (7 braking, 4 acceleration, 1 curving), but the instructors only had two sudden braking events, both of which were to avoid a collision when another vehicle forcibly entered from outside the roadway. In the case of the driving analysis software, the patient group showed significantly lower scores for braking (P<0.05) and steering (P<0.05) than the control group. On the driving assessment scale, the patient group scored significantly lower for checking their blind spot during a lane change (P<0.01) and being aware of pedestrians at an intersection (P<0.01) than the control group.

Conclusions

These objective video and g-force-generated on-road driving assessments may provide important information regarding driving and advice for patients with brain injury.
Neurological complications in COVID-19: a single case study of rehabilitation treatment
Authors: Casertano Lorenzo , Nathanson Rae , Bassile Clare C , Quinn Lori
Published: August 2021

Background/aims:

COVID-19 is a global pandemic, which has seen over 198 million cases as of August 2021. This case study highlights the rehabilitation of a young patient with respiratory and neurologic sequalae of COVID-19 across the continuum of care, from the intensive care unit to the inpatient rehabilitation unit.

Case description:

A 45-year-old woman, with past medical history of fibromyalgia and morbid obesity, presented with complaints of shortness of breath. She tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, was transferred to the intensive care unit, and was intubated for 17 days. The day after extubation, she experienced worsened mental status; computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed bilateral strokes. On hospital day 21, she was transferred to the stroke step-down unit. On hospital day 24, she recovered some cognitive ability and movement of her lower extremities. On hospital day 30, she was admitted to the inpatient rehabilitation unit. Examination by occupational and physiotherapists found motor and sensory impairments of multiple peripheral nerves, including musculocutaneous, axillary and radial nerves. Interventions included passive range of motion, sitting balance, transfer training, rigid taping, upper extremity strengthening and functional training (gait, stair, activities of daily living). Her activities of daily living performance was limited by upper extremity weakness, sensory loss and pain.

Conclusions

This case highlights the medical, neurological and functional implications of COVID-19 on patients after prolonged hospitalisation. The plan of care was informed by collaboration between rehabilitation disciplines. Causes of her injuries are unclear but could include positioning, brachial plexus injuries, or post-critical illness syndrome. Further research on the evaluation and care of patients with COVID-19 that result in profound neurological impairments is warranted.
Optical properties of anatase and rutile TiO2 films deposited by using a pulsed laser
Authors: Cui Liqi , Wang Weitian
Published: August 2021

Transparent titanium dioxide (

T
i
O

2

) films were deposited on quartz substrates by using a pulsed-laser deposition technique. The effects of deposition temperatures on the crystalline phases and optical properties of the films were investigated. Phase-pure anatase and rutile

T
i
O

2

films were obtained at temperatures of 600°C and 800°C, respectively. The deposited

T
i
O

2

films were transparent in the visible spectral region, and the linear refractive indices of the films were determined by using the optical transmission spectra. The optical bandgaps were obtained as 3.25 and 3.02 eV for the anatase and rutile

T
i
O

2

films, respectively. The third-order nonlinear optical properties of the films were investigated by using a single-beam

z

-scan method at a wavelength of 532 nm. The values of the nonlinear absorption coefficient and the nonlinear refractive index of the rutile

T
i
O

2

film were determined to be

−

7.44

×

10

−
10

m

/

W

and

−

1.36

×

10

−
16

m

2

/

W

, respectively, which are greater than those of the anatase

T
i
O

2

film. The metal–oxygen bond lengths based on the bond-orbital theory could be used to explain the results.
Correntropy-induced metric with Laplacian kernel for robust fluorescence molecular tomography
Authors: Yuan Yating , Guo Hongbo , Yi Huangjian , Yu Jingjing , He Xuelei , He Xiaowei
Published: August 2021

Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT), which is used to visualize the three-dimensional distribution of fluorescence probe in small animals via the reconstruction method, has become a promising imaging technique in preclinical research. However, the classical reconstruction criterion is formulated based on the squared l2-norm distance metric, leaving it prone to being influenced by the presence of outliers. In this study, we propose a robust distance based on the correntropy-induced metric with a Laplacian kernel (CIML). The proposed metric satisfies the conditions of distance metric function and contains first and higher order moments of samples. Moreover, we demonstrate important properties of the proposed metric such as nonnegativity, nonconvexity, and boundedness, and analyze its robustness from the perspective of M-estimation. The proposed metric includes and extends the traditional metrics such as l0-norm and l1-norm metrics by setting an appropriate parameter. We show that, in reconstruction, the metric is a sparsity-promoting penalty. To reduce the negative effects of noise and outliers, a novel robust reconstruction framework is presented with the proposed correntropy-based metric. The proposed CIML model retains the advantages of the traditional model and promotes robustness. However, the nonconvexity of the proposed metric renders the CIML model difficult to optimize. Furthermore, an effective iterative algorithm for the CIML model is designed, and we present a theoretical analysis of its ability to converge. Numerical simulation and in vivo mouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the CIML method’s performance. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieved more accurate fluorescent target reconstruction than the state-of-the-art methods in most cases, which illustrates the feasibility and robustness of the CIML method.
On the scattering-induced fading for optical wireless links through seawater: statistical characterization and its applications
Authors: Salcedo-Serrano Pedro , Boluda-Ruiz Rubén , Garrido-Balsells José María , García-Zambrana Antonio
Published: August 2021

Recent research has shown that an accurate underwater channel characterization is necessary for underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) in order to improve its current limitations related to the achievable data rate and the link distance, as required in undersea optical networks. This paper presents a new statistical model to characterize the scattering effect in terms of a fading never considered before. In this way, the probability density function of the scattering-induced fading channel is derived by means of a Gamma distribution by using only one degree of freedom in clear ocean and coastal waters. The developed fading model is employed to compute the performance of UOWC systems in terms of bit error rate and outage probability along with turbulence-induced fading modeled by a Weibull distribution. The results prove that smaller diversity order values are achieved when scattering-induced fading is the dominant effect, i.e., when the condition

σ

s

2

>

1

β

1

is satisfied, where

σ

s

2

and β1 are parameters related to the Gamma and Weibull distributions, respectively. Moreover, the optical power penalty due to scattering-induced fading is analytically evaluated in several turbulence conditions to provide a deeper insight. Optical power penalty values of up to 6 dB and 9 dB are achieved when compared with no scattering scenarios at moderate distances for clear ocean and coastal waters. As a key feature, scattering should be always considered in terms of fading for future designs of advanced UOWC systems. The analytical results are verified by Monte Carlo simulations.
Controlling CRISPR
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: August 2021

Light-based approaches for steering CRISPR–Cas9, the
powerful Nobel Prize-winning genome-editing toolkit, promise to
boost the technique’s precision and specificity—and might help
bring it into clinical use.
Tuning the luminous properties and optical thermometry of Cs2SnCl6 phosphor microcrystals via Bi and Sb codoping
Authors: Gong Shunfa , Wu Ruirui , Yang Sen , Wu Lifang , Zhang Minmin , Han Qiuju , Wu Wenzhi
Published: August 2021

The toxicity and instability of lead halide perovskite seriously limit its commercial application in lighting, although it has high photoluminescence (PL) efficiency and adjustable emission. Here, lead-free bismuth (Bi) and antimony (Sb) codoped

Cs

2

SnCl

6

(BSCSC) microcrystals (MCs) are prepared successfully by a solvothermal method. The PL spectrum is composed of dual emission bands with the peak at 485 and 650 nm, of which relative intensity can be tunable through the change of Bi and Sb feeding contents, respectively. Because of the phonon–electron interaction, the PL intensity is enhanced as the temperature rises within the range of 80–260 K. Then, the nonradiative transition is intensified until 380 K, which results in decrease in PL intensity. Simultaneously, combining with time-resolved PL, it is concluded that the emission peak at 485 nm is attributed to the [

Bi

Sn

+

V

Cl

] as the luminescent centers with the lifetime of hundreds of nanoseconds, and the emission peak at 650 nm is attributed to microsecond-timescale self-trapped excitons. The maximum values of relative sensitivity (

S
R

) and absolute sensitivity (

S
A

) values obtained are

3.82
%
 

K

−
1

and

5.11
  
ns
 
·

K

−
1

, which for the first time to our knowledge demonstrate that BSCSC MCs can be novel luminescent materials for developing better optical thermometry. White-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) are constructed using BSCSC MCs only combined with an LED chip, the Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage color coordinates of which are (0.30, 0.37). It provides a novel scheme for the lighting field to realize WLEDs without adding additional commercial phosphors.
The spread of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis in Brazil towards the Northeast region
Authors: de Oliveira Bento Aurélio , de Sena Costa Alexandre Soares , Lima Soraia Lopes , do Monte Alves Manoella , de Azevedo Melo Analy Salles , Rodrigues Anderson Messias , da Silva-Rocha Walicyranison Plinio , Milan Eveline Pipolo , Chaves Guilherme Maranhão
Published: August 2021

Background

Sporotrichosis is a worldwide subcutaneous mycosis caused by Sporothrix spp. In the past, this infection was associated with armadillo hunting, horticulturists, miners, and gardeners, being considered an implantation mycosis acquired by plant debris injury. Nevertheless, since the late nineties, it has been considered a zoonotic disease in Brazil. Here we report a case series of 121 patients with cat-transmitted sporotrichosis seen in Northeast Brazil.

Methodology/Principal findings

Patient’s demographic, clinical data, and length of treatment were recorded. In addition, a mycological examination and further PCR confirmation of species identification were performed. One hundred and twenty two patients were diagnosed with subcutaneous sporotrichosis from October 2016 to December 2019, while PCR revealed that 71 of them were due to S. brasiliensis. The majority of the individuals were female (n = 86; 70.5%). Patient’s age ranged from 5 to 87 years old. The clinical forms found were lymphocutaneous (58.2%) and fixed cutaneous (39.4%). Interestingly, 115 patients reported previous contact with cats diagnosed with sporotrichosis. Patients were successfully treated with itraconazole and potassium iodide.

Conclusions/Significance

Our study adds important contributions for the investigation of the spread of cat-transmitted subcutaneous sporotrichosis in Brazil, specifically towards the Northeast region of a continental-size country. It will also help clinicians to be aware of the existence and importance to accurately diagnose sporotrichosis and treat patients with this infectious disease in the lowest income region of Brazil.
“Assessing Today for a Better Tomorrow”: An observational cohort study about quality of care, mortality and morbidity among newborn infants admitted to neonatal intensive care in Guinea
Authors: Merscher Alves Maria Bea , Conté N’Fanly , Diallo Boubacar , Mamadou Moustapha , Delamou Albert , John Oliver , von Felten Stefanie , Diallo Ibrahima Sory , Roth-Kleiner Matthias
Published: August 2021

Background

Neonatal mortality in Guinea accounts for about 30% of all fatalities in children younger than five years. Countrywide, specialized neonatal intensive care is provided in one single clinic with markedly limited resources. To implement targeted measures, prospective data on patient characteristics and factors of neonatal death are needed.

Objective

To determine the rates of morbidity and mortality, to describe clinical characteristics of admitted newborns requiring intensive care, to assess the quality of disease management, and to identify factors contributing to neonatal mortality.

Methods

Prospective observational cohort study of newborns admitted to the hospital between mid-February and mid-March 2019 after birth in other institutions. Data were collected on maternal/prenatal history, delivery, and in-hospital care via convenience sampling. Associations of patient characteristics with in-hospital death were assessed using cause-specific Cox proportional-hazards models.

Results

Half of the 168 admitted newborns underwent postnatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Reasons for admission included respiratory distress (49.4%), poor postnatal adaptation (45.8%), prematurity (46.2%), and infections (37.1%). 101 newborns (61.2%) arrived in serious/critical general condition; 90 children (53.9%) showed clinical signs of neurological damage. Quality of care was poor: Only 59.4% of the 64 newborns admitted with hypothermia were externally heated; likewise, 57.1% of 45 jaundiced infants did not receive phototherapy. Death occurred in 56 children (33.3%) due to birth asphyxia (42.9%), prematurity (33.9%), and sepsis (12.5%). Newborns in serious/critical general condition at admission had about a fivefold higher hazard to die than those admitted in good condition (HR 5.21 95%-CI 2.42–11.25, p = <0.0001). Hypothermia at admission was also associated with a higher hazard of death (HR 2.00, 95%-CI 1.10–3.65, p = 0.023).

Conclusion

Neonatal mortality was strikingly high. Birth asphyxia, prematurity, and infection accounted for 89.3% of death, aggravated by poor quality of in-hospital care. Children with serious general condition at admission had poor chances of survival. The whole concept of perinatal care in Guinea requires reconsideration.
Prevalence of burnout among university students in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kaggwa Mark Mohan , Kajjimu Jonathan , Sserunkuma Jonathan , Najjuka Sarah Maria , Atim Letizia Maria , Olum Ronald , Tagg Andrew , Bongomin Felix
Published: August 2021

Background

Burnout is common among university students and may adversely affect academic performance. Little is known about the true burden of this preventable malady among university students in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs).

Objectives

This study aimed to systematically estimate the prevalence of burnout among university students in LMICs.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Web of Science, African Journals Online, and Embase from the inception of each database until February 2021. Original studies were included. No study design or language restrictions were applied. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed using STATA version 16.0. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed using Q-statistics and funnel plots, respectively.

Results

Fifty-five unique articles, including a total of 27,940 (Female: 16,215, 58.0%) university students from 24 LMICs were included. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used in 43 studies (78.2%). The pooled prevalence of burnout was 12.1% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 11.9–12.3; I2= 99.7%, Q = 21,464.1,p= < 0.001). The pooled prevalence of emotional exhaustion (feelings of energy depletion), cynicism (negativism), and reduced professional efficacy were, 27.8% (95% CI 27.4–28.3; I2= 98.17%.p= <0.001), 32.6 (95% CI: 32.0–33.1; I2: 99.5%;p= < 0.001), and 29.9% (95% CI: 28.8–30.9; I2: 98.1%;p= < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusion

Nearly one-third of university students in LMICs experience burnout. More studies are needed to understand the causes of burnout in this key population. There is a need to validate freely available tools for use in these countries.
Intracellular niche-specific profiling reveals transcriptional adaptations required for the cytosolic lifestyle of Salmonella enterica
Authors: Powers TuShun R. , Haeberle Amanda L. , Predeus Alexander V. , Hammarlöf Disa L. , Cundiff Jennifer A. , Saldaña-Ahuactzi Zeus , Hokamp Karsten , Hinton Jay C. D. , Knodler Leigh A.
Published: August 2021

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes diarrheal disease in humans and animals. During salmonellosis, S. Typhimurium colonizes epithelial cells lining the gastrointestinal tract. S. Typhimurium has an unusual lifestyle in epithelial cells that begins within an endocytic-derived Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV), followed by escape into the cytosol, epithelial cell lysis and bacterial release. The cytosol is a more permissive environment than the SCV and supports rapid bacterial growth. The physicochemical conditions encountered by S. Typhimurium within the epithelial cytosol, and the bacterial genes required for cytosolic colonization, remain largely unknown. Here we have exploited the parallel colonization strategies of S. Typhimurium in epithelial cells to decipher the two niche-specific bacterial virulence programs. By combining a population-based RNA-seq approach with single-cell microscopic analysis, we identified bacterial genes with cytosol-induced or vacuole-induced expression signatures. Using these genes as environmental biosensors, we defined that Salmonella is exposed to oxidative stress and iron and manganese deprivation in the cytosol and zinc and magnesium deprivation in the SCV. Furthermore, iron availability was critical for optimal S. Typhimurium replication in the cytosol, as well as entC, fepB, soxS, mntH and sitA. Virulence genes that are typically associated with extracellular bacteria, namely Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1) and SPI4, showed increased expression in the cytosol compared to vacuole. Our study reveals that the cytosolic and vacuolar S. Typhimurium virulence gene programs are unique to, and tailored for, residence within distinct intracellular compartments. This archetypical vacuole-adapted pathogen therefore requires extensive transcriptional reprogramming to successfully colonize the mammalian cytosol.
Documents of Doubt: The Photographic Conditions of Conceptual Art, Heather Diack (2020)
Authors: Watson Thomas
Published: August 2021

Review of: Documents of Doubt: The Photographic Conditions of Conceptual Art, Heather Diack (2020)

Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 296 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-51790-757-0, p/bk, $30.00
Feeding value of sorghum stover fed to tropical hair sheep as complete rations in chop, mash, pellet, and block forms
Authors: Raju J. , Narasimha J. , Kumari N. Nalini , Raghunanadan T. , Preetam V. Chinni , Kumar A. Ashok , Reddy P. Ravi Kanth
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim: Poor palatability, low bulk density, and low nutritive value restrict the utilization of the crop residues as animal feeds. Altering the physical characteristics of feed by blending the roughage and concentrates in the form of complete feed improves the nutrient use efficiency and reduces the feed wastage, feed cost, and labor cost. The study aims to determine suitable processing methods (mash, pellet, or block forms) for efficient utilization of sorghum stover-based complete rations vis-a-vis conventional feeding methods in sheep.

Materials and Methods: The sorghum stover was incorporated in complete rations with roughage to concentrate ratio of 50:50 proportion in a growth trial of 120 days. The feed ingredients were chaffed, ground in a hammer mill, passed through expander-extruder, and compressed by feed block machine to prepare chop, mash, pellet, and block form of rations, respectively. Twenty-four male intact growing Nellore×Deccani cross lambs (3.5±0.5 months age, 14.50±0.41 kg (mean ± SD) at the start of the experiment) were divided into four experimental groups of six animals each in a complete randomized design. The experimental rations were randomly allotted to each group and evaluated for their intake, nutrient utilization, and growth performance.

Results: The sheep fed on pellet-based ration consumed a higher (p<0.05) quantity of dry matter. The digestibility coefficients of organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber were higher (p<0.05) in processed rations (mash, pellet, or block). Further, the nitrogen balance (g/d) was higher (p<0.05) in the mash, pellet, and block form of rations, compared to chopped ration. The processing method did not influence calcium or phosphorous balance parameters, except for their urinary losses, which showed an increasing trend (p=0.07). The ram lambs fed with pelleted ration showed higher (p<0.05) weight gain than mash, block, or chaff forms. The efficiency of feed utilization in gaining one kg body weight was higher (p<0.05) in lambs fed a pelleted diet. Feeding pelletized ration was more economical to gain one kg body weight. The bulk density was highest for block-based ration followed by pellet, mash, and conventional rations, and the carrying capacity of truck was highest with the least transport cost in block-form of rations.

Conclusion: Physical processing (mash, pellet, and block) of sorghum stover-based complete rations increased the nutrient utilization and growth performance of sheep compared to conventional chopped form. Pelleting the mash with expander-extruder procedure was found to be more profitable. Nevertheless, the cost economics revealed blocks as more preferable forms for transporting the complete rations to larger distances.
PhD Abstracts
Authors: Vágvölgyi Csaba
Published: August 2021

Abstracts of the Annual Conference of Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged – 2021.
Using of GGE biplot in determination of genetic structure and heterotic groups in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Shamsabadi Ensieh Es'haghi , Sabouri Hossein , Soughi Habibollah , Sajadi Seyed Javad , Dadras Ahmad Reza
Published: August 2021

The present study was undertaken to analyze diallel data using GGE biplot model to gather information about genetic interrelationships among parents and identiﬁcation of heterotic combinations for yield and yield components in bread wheat varieties. For this purpose, 8 bread wheat genotypes tested across in half-diallel crosses design, GGE biplot technique was used. Parents included the genotypes of Kouhdasht, Karim, Ehsan, Mehregan, N-92-9, Line 17, N80-19 and Atrak. The hybrids obtained from the one-way cross (28 hybrids) in agricultural years of 2016-17 were evaluated as randomized complete block design in two replications on the research farm of Gonbad Kavous University. The evaluated traits included the grain yield, weight of spike grains, number of grains in spike and number of spikes. Additive main eﬀects and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) were employed in the evaluation of genotypes; analyses showed signiﬁcant (P< 0.01) G × E, (genotype × environment interaction) with respect to plant seed yield. GGE biplot analysis showed that Karim was as the best general combiners for grain yield, number grain per spike and grain weight per spike, whereas Ehsan had the highest GCA eﬀects for number of spikes. Ehsan and Karim had higher speciﬁc combining ability than other genotypes. The studied genotypes for this trait were divided into two heterotic groups where the ﬁrst group included the genotypes of Kouhdasht, N-92-9, N80-19 and Atrak and the second group contained the genotypes of Line 17, Mehregan and Karim. Mehregan line had a weak combining ability with all testers and N-92-9 had also more power than others. Based on the biplot, the Karim genotype with high general adaptation was introduced as the ideal genotype in terms of grain yield, spike number, grain number per spike and grain weight, so the Karim genotype can be adapted to obtain high yield hybrids.
Action of Ganoderma lucidum mycelial growth ﬁltrates on Erysiphe diﬀusa and embryotoxicity assessment in a chicken embryo model
Authors: Cruz Mycheli P. da , Larentis Lucas T. , Vismara Edgar de S. , Vismara Lilian de S. , Freitas Patricia F. de , Mazaro Sérgio M.
Published: August 2021

This work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial eﬀect of Ganoderma lucidum mycelial growth filtrates (MGF) on the phytopathogen Erysiphe diffusa and their potential eﬀects on the embryonic development of Gallus gallus. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated on E. diffusa spores by the microdilution broth method. To evaluate embryotoxic and teratogenic eﬀects, fertile eggs of G. gallus received injections of solutions containing the filtrates of G. lucidum through the air chamber. After three days of incubation, we opened the eggs and evaluated egg viability, embryo survival, malformation occurrence, embryonic staging and heart rate. Live embryos were prepared using whole mount technique and the morphological analysis was performed. We used the generalized linear model to fit embryotoxicity and teratogenicity data. We verified that G. lucidum MGF showed inhibitory activity in vitro against E. diffusa and the minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 5 to 10 mg/mL. We could also observe that the filtrates did not present embryotoxic or teratogenic eﬀects on the early embryonic development of G. gallus, but induced significant diﬀerences in the embryonic mean heart rate and on the stage of embryonic development.
Image of Hugo Chavez Created by US Mass Media in Context of Venezuela 1998 Presidential Elections
Authors: Pivovarova N.S.
Published: August 2021

This paper investigates the features of the US mass media approaches in creating the image of Hugo Chavez on the eve of the Venezuela 1998 Presidential Elections. The paper studies the historical context, which influenced the creation of Chavez's image. The socio-economic and political development of Venezuela in those days is analyzed. The key traits of Chavez’s image highlighted during the period under study, as well as the emotional background of the publications, are analyzed. Although both the domestic and foreign historiography has paid a most sufficient attention to the history of Venezuela, the biography and political activity of Hugo Chavez, his image as a presidential candidate in the 1998 Venezuela elections remains unexplored. This work aims to fill this gap. The paper systematically examines the materials of the three major US newspapers, namely, the “New York Times”, the “Wall Street Journal”, and the “Los Angeles Times”, published from July to December, 1998. The established methodologies of document analysis and quantitative content analysis are applied. The study leads to the conclusion that the USA mass media created a negative image of Hugo Chavez during the pre-election period, implementing understatements and a negative emotional background in their publications.
Russian Printed Paskhalistic Books of the 18th — Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Tsyb S.V. , Kaigorodova T.V.
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the process of transformation of the old handwritten tradition of describing Paskhaliya into a printed one. Understanding the calculations of the day of Easter was important for the daily life of the population of Ancient Rus, and therefore Old Russian writers paid attention to describing the rules of Easter calculations. For a long time, these descriptions took the form of handwritten manuscripts. After the reforms of Peter the Great in Russia, works of this genre began to take the form of printed editions. The authors aim to consider the features of the transformation of the handwritten manuscripts into modern books. As part of study, it has been found that the descriptions of Paskhaliya, published in the typographic way first, tried to repeat the handwritten samples, but then began to turn into popular descriptions of the rules for calculating Easter. Moreover, the authors of these writings looked to the development of new ways of calculating the dates of the Easter celebration. It has been linked to the fact that after the authors-priests (18th century), secular writers (journalists, officials, officers, etc.) joined the genre of describing Paskhaliya in the first half of the 19th century. The way of transformation of Paskhalistics into an entertaining genre of popular-science literature became likely, but in the second half of the 19th century the representatives of academic science restored the scientific status of this field of knowledge. At present, the achievements of the science of Paskhaliya have become an important element in the study of the chronology of ancient Russian history. In modern science, studying the history of timekeeping, Paskhalistics became one of the necessary elements for studying the chronology of ancient Russian history. It can be recognized that the printed editions of Paskhaliya played an important role in the development of modern chronological science.
Study of the Historical Demography of Kyrgyzstan in the 20th — Early 21st Centuries. Part Two
Authors: Elemanova R.T.
Published: August 2021

The article is the second part of the study, which examines the issues related to the study of the history of population and historical demography of Kyrgyzstan. The emphasis is made on the issues of historiography on the basis of scientific literature on the history and demography of Kyrgyzstan in the 20th — 21st centuries. The analysis and assessment of the main demographic indicators of the population of Kyrgyzstan in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods is considered, the processes of change in demographic policy, as well as its impact on the socio-economic situation in the republic, are analyzed. It is concluded that the historiography of the historiography of the historical demography of Kyrgyzstan is based on macro approached to the study of demographic processes, which was typical for Soviet historical science as a whole. For the further development of historical demography in Kyrgyzstan, it is necessary to expand the methodological toolkit, in particular, an appeal to primary sources and modern information technologies. In historiography, in the last decade, theoretical and methodological issues of the application of GIS technology in historical research experiments have been developed and supported.
Expressões de autonomia socioambientais na educação infantil:
Authors: Costa Nialen , Ferreira Gilvaneide
Published: August 2021

A pesquisa de cunho qualitativo consistiu num estudo de caso realizado em um Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil (CMEI) localizado em Natal/RN. Tendo como objetivo compreender as expressões de autonomia socioambientais manifestas no ambiente escolar da educação infantil através das atividades livres. Para consolidar os dados construídos foram realizados registros e observações da rotina escolar a fim de verificar as percepções e concepções das expressões de autonomia socioambientais dos estudantes. Deste modo, a pesquisa revelou que o CMEI proporciona um ambiente propício para o desenvolvimento da autonomia dos alunos e quando essa autonomia é vivenciada, o aluno tem a propensão de se desenvolver mais consideravelmente de forma integral.
Correction of the static characteristic of a frequency converter to reduce the amplitudes of resonance vibrations of the vibrating table
Authors: Vedernikov Alexander S. , Dunaev Dmitry I.
Published: August 2021

It is known that vibration systems of directional vibrations based on asynchronous vibration motors are currently widely used in practice, but at the same time they have a significant drawback - a sharp increase in vibration amplitudes when passing through the resonance zone at the time of acceleration and deceleration of vibration motors, which negatively affects their operation. The article discusses a vibration table with two unbalanced asynchronous vibration motors. The calculation scheme and equations of motion of such a vibration system are presented. It is shown that the vibration table as a control object is an oscillatory link with a pronounced resonant frequency. The equations of motion of asynchronous vibration motors with scalar frequency control are given. A structural diagram of a vibration table with unbalanced exciters has been developed, the modeling of which made it possible to determine the amplitudes of resonant oscillations. It is proposed to apply correction of the static characteristics of the frequency converter, which connects the effective value of the output voltage with the frequency, to reduce the resonance amplitudes. Equations of the desired static characteristics of the inverter and analytical dependences for calculating the necessary coefficients for its implementation are given. A computational model has been developed that makes it possible to take into account the effect of the corrected static characteristic of the frequency converter on the operation of the vibrating table at the stages of acceleration and deceleration. The results of computer simulation are given, convincingly showing that the correction of the static characteristics of the inverter is an effective means of reducing the amplitudes of resonant oscillations. It is shown that modern frequency converters have functionality that makes it easy to correct the dependence of the effective value of the output voltage on the frequency. The need to adjust the static characteristics of the inverter for a specific type of product tested on the vibration table is noted.
Fuzzy optimization of feedback control at induction heating
Authors: Rapoport Edgar Ya. , Rogachev Nikoly G.
Published: August 2021

The problem of multi-criteria fuzzy-optimal feedback control of an induction heater as an object of technological thermophysics with distributed parameters is considered. A general formulation of the fuzzy optimization problem is given, including requirements for the final and intermediate states and taking into account the fuzziness of competing quality criteria. When solving the problem, interconnected electromagnetic and thermal models of the induction heating process were used. The secondary source method was used to simulate electromagnetic processes, and the differential-difference method was used to simulate thermal conductivity. The numerical method for solving the problem is based on the presentation of the control algorithm in the form of an a priori non-fixed and variable system of rules determined during the heating process. The obtained results of numerical modeling confirm the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy-optimal method for determining the positional control of objects with distributed parameters.
Die Tatsachen erzählen, wie sie sein könnten
Authors: Golde Olivia
Published: August 2021

„Nicht irgendein – mein Warenhaus!“ titelte die Betriebszeitung des Leipziger Centrum Warenhauses im Jahr 1989. Seit der Wende eine Karstadt-Filiale, wird das Haus 2019 als eines der ersten geschlossen, noch vor der Insolvenz der Kette. Den Verkäuferinnen wird natürlich gekündigt – was sonst?
Das Utopische als Qualitätsmerkmal
Authors: Thapa Philipp , Gebauer Jana
Published: August 2021

Utopisch ist, wenn es um die Zukunft geht? Um in der Vielfalt des Zukunftsdenkens den utopischen Funken zu finden, haben wir zum Abschluss dieses Schwerpunkts zwar kein Patentrezept, aber Vorschläge zur Güte und viele Fragen.
Das Geschäftsmodell des Genug
Authors: Kropfeld Maren Ingrid , Reichel André
Published: August 2021

Suffizienz bedeutet einen Bruch der üblichen Geschäftsmodelllogik von Unternehmen, die auf ein Mehr an Absatz hin orientiert ist. Bislangfehlen die konzeptionellen Grundlagen, die so einen Wandel der unternehmerischen Logik erklären und deuten helfen können. In der Verbindungder Theorie sozialer Praktiken mit suffizienzorientierten Geschäftsmodellen, kann diese Lücke geschlossen werden.